bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What, indeed, is intransitive noninterference?
Authors: van der Meyden Ron 
Published: July 2015

Abstract This paper argues that Haigh and Young’s definition of noninterference for intransitive security policies admits information flows that are not in accordance with the intuitions it seeks to formalize. Several alternative definitions are discussed, which are shown to be equivalent to the classical definition of noninterference with respect to transitive policies. Rushby’s unwinding conditions for intransitive noninterference are shown to be sound and complete for one of these definitions, TA-security. Access control systems compatible with a policy are shown to be TA-secure, and it is also shown that TA-security implies that the system can be interpreted as an access control system.
Dose-dense weekly paclitaxel and carboplatin compared with conventional paclitaxel and carboplatin treatment for stage II-IV ovarian cancer patients
Authors: Du Zhenhua , Ma Xiaolin 
Published: July 2015

<p>We investigated dose-dense weekly paclitaxel and carboplatin compared with conventional paclitaxel and carboplatin treatment on stage II-IV ovarian cancer patients. Between July, 2011, and October, 2014, a total of 221 patients was randomly assigned to receive dose-dense weekly paclitaxel and carboplatin group (n = 109) and conventional paclitaxel and carboplatin group (n = 112), just after the sixth chemotherapy cycles, and at 12 months after randomization. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 16.8 months (range 3.3-48+ months) of conventional paclitaxel and carboplatin group was lower than that of dose-dense weekly paclitaxel and carboplatin group 27.6 months (range 4.2-51+ months). But, these clinical responses were not statistical significance in each group. In conclusion, dose-dense weekly paclitaxel and carboplatin treatment improves survival compared with conventional paclitaxel and carboplatin treatment. </p>
Ethanol extract of <i>Artemisia sieversiana</i> exhibits anticancer effects and induces apoptosis through a mitochondrial pathway involving DNA damage in COLO-205 colon carcinoma cells
Authors: Tang Jun , Zhao Juan-Juan , Li Zhi-Hong 
Published: July 2015

<p>The aim of the study was to see the antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of ethanolic herbal extract of Artemisia sieversiana against three human colon cancer (HT-29, HCT-15 and COLO-205) cells. The cytotoxicity of the extract on these cell lines was evaluated by MTT assay. Phase contrast and fluorescence microscopy using acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/ETBR) staining was employed to investigate morphological alterations in COLO-205 cells by the herbal extract. Flow cytometry instrument measured the changes in mitochondrial membrane potential loss while as gel electrophoresis measured DNA damage in these cells. The extract at increasing doses exhibited a strong cytotoxic effect in a dose-dependent manner against all the three colon cancer cell lines. The IC<sub>50</sub> values of the extract against HT-29, HCT-15 and COLO-205 cancer cells were found to be 52.1, 43.2 and 38.6 µg/mL respectively. Mitochondrial membrane potential loss (ΔΨm) and DNA fragmentation events were also observed following extract treatment at increasing doses. </p><p> </p>
Prevention of secretory diarrhea by ethanol extract of <i>Bistortae rhizoma</i> through inhibition of chloride channel
Authors: Yu Bo , Jiang Yu , Liu Yue , Ma Tonghui , Yang Hong 
Published: July 2015

<p>Inhibition of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and Ca<sup>2+</sup>-activated Cl<sup>-</sup> channel (CaCC) represents an attractive approach for the treatment of secretory diarrhea. The aim of the study is to investigate the molecular basis of the anti-diarrheal effect of traditional Chinese herbal anti-diarrheal medicine <em>Bistortae rhizoma</em>. Fluorescence quenching assay indicated that the 40% methanol /water fraction (D5) dose-dependently inhibited both CFTR and CaCC function in transfected Fischer rat thyroid (FRT) cells. Ex vivo studies indicated that D5 inhibited both forskolin (FSK)-activated CFTR current and CCh-induced CaCC current in rat colonic mucosa. In the mouse closed-loop model, intraluminal application of D5 (200 µg/mL) significantly reduced cholera toxin-stimulated fluid secretion. In the intestinal motility model, D5 significantly delayed intestinal peristalsis in mice. Our research suggests that CFTR and CaCC-mediated intestinal epithelial Cl<sup>-</sup> secretion inhibiting and gastrointestinal motility delaying may account for the anti-diarrheal activity of <em>B. rhizoma</em>. </p><p> </p>
Isolation and antimicrobial effects of endophytic fungi from <i>Edgeworthia chrysantha</i>
Authors: Zhang Huawei , Ruan Chuanfeng , Bai Xuelian 
Published: July 2015

<p>Ten fungal strains isolated from <em>Edgeworthia chrysantha</em>, one of traditional medicinal plants in China, were evaluated their antimicrobial activities against three human pathogens, <em>Escherichia coli, Staphyloccocus aureus and Candida albicans</em>, and two phytopathogens, <em>Rhizoctonia cerealis</em> and <em>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</em>. The results indicated that most ethyl acetate extracts of fermentation broth of these fungal endophytes had stronger antimicrobial activities than their fermentation broth. Among these endophytic strains, both fermentation broth and the ethyl acetate extract of strain D showed the strongest inhibitory effects on all pathogens. Strains 5-19 and BZ also exhibited potent antibacterial activities. However, other strains had weak or no antimicrobial effect. This was the first report on the isolation and antimicrobial effects of endophytic fungi from <em>E. chrysantha</em>. </p><p> </p>
Identifying Trajectories of Pain Severity in Early Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis: A 5-year Followup of the Cohort Hip and Cohort Knee (CHECK) Study
Authors: Wesseling Janet , Bastick Alex N. , ten Wolde Saskia , Kloppenburg Margreet , Lafeber Floris P.J.G. , Bierma-Zeinstra Sita M.A. , Bijlsma Johannes W.J. 
Published: July 2015

Objective.To identify subgroups of pain trajectories in patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (OA), and to explain these different trajectories by patient characteristics, lifestyle, and coping factors, as well as radiographic features.Methods.Longitudinal data of pain severity (0–10) from 5 years of followup of the CHECK (Cohort Hip and Cohort Knee) study was used. Latent class growth analysis identified homogeneous subgroups with distinct trajectories of pain. Multinomial regression analysis was used to examine different lifestyle and coping characteristics between the trajectories.Results.In longitudinal pain data of 5 years of followup in 705 participants, 3 pain trajectories were identified: marginal, mild, and moderate pain trajectories. Compared with the marginal pain trajectory, the mild and moderate pain trajectories can be characterized by the following baseline variables: body mass index (BMI) > 25, additional hip pain, low education level, using the coping strategy “worrying,” and having ≥ 3 comorbidities. Moderate pain trajectory can be supplemented with the Kellgren-Lawrence grading scale grade ≥ 2 radiological change.Conclusion.Three trajectories of pain were identified. Participants with a BMI > 25, secondary school as highest education level, having at least 3 comorbidities, additional hip pain, and/or whose coping style is worrying are more likely to develop a moderate or mild pain trajectory compared with those without these characteristics. In the management of knee pain in people with early symptomatic OA, attention should also be given to additional factors such as hip pain, other comorbidities, passive coping strategy, and obesity.
Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis in the Australian OPAL Cohort Show Significant Improvement in Disease Activity over 5 Years: A Multicenter Observational Study
Authors: Littlejohn Geoffrey , Roberts Lynden , Bird Paul , de Jager Julien , Griffiths Hedley , Nicholls Dave , Young Jennifer , Zochling Jane , Tymms Kathleen E. 
Published: July 2015

Objective.To evaluate disease activity trends in a large cohort of Australian patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) from 2009 to 2014.Methods.This is a multicenter, cross-sectional, noninterventional study of patients with RA treated in Australia. Patients with RA treated at participating OPAL (Optimising Patient outcome in Australian RheumatoLogy) clinics were included in the study. Data, deidentified by patient, clinic, and clinician, were identified using a purpose-written electronic medical record. Patient demographics, disease onset, medications, and disease measures were analyzed. The Disease Activity Score at 28 joints (DAS28) was used to classify patients into the disease activity states of remission: low disease activity, moderate disease activity (MDA), and high disease activity. Choice of therapy was at the discretion of the treating clinician.Results.At the time of analysis, the database contained 15,679 patients with RA, 8998 of whom fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Mean age was 63.2 years, mean disease duration was 13.8 years, and the majority were women (72.4%). A total of 37,274 individual DAS28-erythrocyte sedimentation rate scores were recorded for the 8998 patients. The frequency of remission increased significantly from 36.7% in 2009 to 53.5% in 2014 (p < 0.001), and that of MDA decreased from 33% (2009) to 22.2% (2014). The use of biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs for the patients in remission increased from 17% in 2009 to 36.9% in 2014.Conclusion.Contemporary management of RA in Australia shows improvements in disease activity toward the target of remission over a 5-year period.
Outcome of Patients with Systemic Sclerosis in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Pène Frédéric , Hissem Tarik , Bérezné Alice , Allanore Yannick , Geri Guillaume , Charpentier Julien , Avouac Jérôme , Guillevin Loïc , Cariou Alain , Chiche Jean-Daniel , Mira Jean-Paul , Mouthon Luc 
Published: July 2015

Objective.Patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) are prone to disease-specific or treatment-related life-threatening complications that may warrant intensive care unit (ICU) admission. We assessed the characteristics and current outcome of patients with SSc admitted to the ICU.Methods.We performed a single-center retrospective study over 6 years (November 2006–December 2012). All patients with SSc admitted to the ICU were enrolled. Short-term (in-ICU and in-hospital) and longterm (6-mo and 1-yr) mortality rates were studied, and the prognostic factors were analyzed.Results.Forty-one patients with a median age of 50 years [interquartile range (IQR) 40–65] were included. Twenty-nine patients (72.5%) displayed diffuse cutaneous SSc. The time from diagnosis to ICU admission was 78 months (IQR 34–128). Twenty-eight patients (71.7%) previously had pulmonary fibrosis, and 12 (31.5%) had pulmonary hypertension. The main reason for ICU admission was acute respiratory failure in 27 patients (65.8%). Noninvasive ventilation was first attempted in 13 patients (31.7%) and was successful in 8 of them, whereas others required endotracheal intubation within 24 h. Altogether, 13 patients (31.7%) required endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. The overall in-ICU, in-hospital, 6-month, and 1-year mortality rates were 31.8%, 39.0%, 46.4%, and 61.0%, respectively. Invasive mechanical ventilation was the worst prognostic factor, associated with an in-hospital mortality rate of 84.6%.Conclusion.This study provides reliable prognostic data in patients with SSc who required ICU admission. The devastating outcome of invasive mechanical ventilation in patients with SSc requires a reappraisal of indications for ICU admission and early identification of patients likely to benefit from noninvasive ventilation.
Devorando a carcaça
Authors: Lewgoy Bernardo , Sordi Caetano 
Published: July 2015

A emergência de dietas alternativas cruzou a barreira das espécies e hoje é um fenômeno que também se verifica no campo da nutrição animal. Entre críticas à indústria da pet food e propostas radicais de “vegetarianização” dos animais domésticos, identificamos um amplo campo de controvérsias leigas e profissionais que este artigo intenta mapear. Verificam-se, igualmente, mudanças de sensibilidade, representações e realidades de mercado relacionadas tanto aos animais de corte quanto aos animais de estimação. Enquanto os primeiros são cada vez mais compreendidos como máquinas produtivas, os segundos são objeto de uma hipersubjetivação que se reflete em produtos cada vez mais distantes da mera “nutrição” (o abastecimento orgânico, a subsistência) e próximos da “alimentação” (a comida comportando significado e status). O artigo reconstrói este universo a partir de dois eventos críticos que expuseram os meandros globalizados da grande rede sociotécnica da alimentação animal: os surtos de Encefalopatia Espongiforme Bovina (doença da Vaca Louca) na década de 1990, na Europa, e o grande pet food recall de 2007, nos Estados Unidos.
If? What if? Hypothesis as a Leitmotif in Measure for Measure
Authors: Rivier Estelle , Santin-Guettier Anne-Marie 
Published: July 2015

Measure for Measure est une pièce éminemment “problématique” dans le canon shakespearien, non seulement d’un point de vue éthique, mais aussi narratif et performatif pour ne citer que quelques-uns de ses traits équivoques. Sur le dernier aspect nommé, Stéphane Braunschweig, metteur en scène ayant dirigé l’œuvre en 1998 avec la Nottingham Playhouse, confiait dans un récent entretien que le foisonnement de « if », « what if » et « as if » donnerait lieu à une étude pertinente, notamment dans le cadre du concours de l’agrégation où la pièce figure.2 Qu’à cela ne tienne, il fallait le prendre au mot ! Combien existe-t-il d’occurrences hypothétiques dans la pièce ? Quelle(s) incidence(s) ont-elles sur sa rhétorique, sur sa poésie, sur les rapports entre personnages, sur les enjeux de la mise en scène ? La surabondance d’occurrences est-elle courante dans les autres pièces de Shakespeare et à quelles fins ? Autant de questions auxquelles seule l’étude littéraire ne pouvait répondre. Le lecteur ne sera donc pas surpris de voir en cette étude un dialogue entre linguistique et littérature, entre texte et scène, pour tenter de lever le voile (ou le rideau) sur quelques questions laissées en suspens à l’égard de cette pièce.
Pronominal gender in references to animals:
Authors: Gardelle Laure 
Published: July 2015

Il est aujourd’hui bien établi que dans les références aux animaux, le genre employé dans le pronom personnel de troisième personne ne correspond pas toujours au sexe et qu’il dépend en partie du point de vue de l’énonciateur. Pourtant, au-delà de ce fait, les conditions d’emploi du genre en discours sont peu connues ; notamment, il n’existe à ce jour aucune étude (à notre connaissance) qui établisse à grande échelle si certains contextes ou certaines configurations syntaxiques favorisent un genre animé ou au contraire le neutre. Le but de cet article est précisément de rechercher s’il existe de telles tendances, par une étude statistique de six variables telles que le genre discursif, le type d’énoncé ou la position de l’anaphorique par rapport à l’antécédent. L’analyse proposée, effectuée à l’aide du test du khi-carré de Pearson et de l’odds ratio (ou rapport des cotes), est menée à l’échelle d’un corpus électronique d’anglais américain, le COCA (Corpus of Contemporary American English), et porte spécifiquement sur les références aux animaux pour lesquelles le nom de l’antécédent précise le sexe (ex. mare, gobbler).
Analyse des emplois non locatifs de BY
Authors: Dufaye Lionel 
Published: July 2015

This article deals with the non-locative uses (be they spatial and temporal) of the preposition by. The first part is dedicated to the study of ‘qualifying values’ – i.e. any context where the by-PP qualifies either a distance or a relationship between two entities (e.g. I paid by check…, I did it step by step…). The second part deals with by in (so-called) ‘agent phrases’ in passives. This paper sets out to propose a unified explanation for both qualifying and passive uses. The working hypothesis assumes that by carries a differential value which qualifies a distance between two reference points. The values differ depending on the nature of the interval, which can be a route (I came here by bus), a gradual process (it grew hotter by the minute), a concurring process (I know some good music to cook by), any form of counter-expectation (I was late by 10 days), a change of state (as in passives)... In any case, by expresses discontinuity within a path-connected domain.
« Nos a Gulielmo victi... » ou histoire, linguistique et idéologie
Authors: Bord Christophe 
Published: July 2015

In English-speaking countries, particularly in Britain, linguistic historiography as applied to English often seems dominated by rather unscientific sentiments of a nationalistic nature and does not hesitate to go to great lengths to negate the loss of the Germanic character of the language. To achieve this goal it rather systematically adopts four main strategies: besides overemphasizing the importance of function words in the English lexicon, it ignores the Celtic substratum and downplays the different varieties of the French superstratum, while boosting the Old Norse adstratum for purely historical reasons of Germanic relatedness. In this article we try to give an idea of the dimension of the phenomenon and attempt to scrutinize the issue of Anglo-Norse linguistic relationships where much, it seems to us, is taken for granted, but little demonstration of any real significance has thus far been delivered.
And-Prefaced Utterances: From Speech to Text
Authors: Rossette Fiona 
Published: July 2015

Cette étude a pour objectif de comparer les emplois du coordonnant and à l’oral en tant que « discourse marker » avec les emplois de and à l’écrit quand il est utilisé en début de phrase. Si de très nombreux travaux existent sur la coordination, il restait à établir un lien plus explicite entre langue orale et langue écrite. En effet, il semble que ce qui motive en grande partie les auteurs à passer outre la proscription traditionnelle (« ne pas commencer une phrase par and ou but ») est la volonté de rendre plus claire la macro-organisation du texte, ce qui rejoint la fonction des « discourse markers » à l’oral. Placée ainsi en tête de phrase, and facilite la compréhension du texte. Après avoir rappelé les fonctions décrites par Schriffin (1986 ; 2006) de and en tant que « discourse marker » dans un contexte de dialogue à l’oral, j’examine les occurrences de and en début de phrase dans un corpus écrit composé d’écrits scientifiques, d’articles de presse, d’essais et d’œuvres littéraires. Comme transition entre ces deux registres, je m’appuie sur l’étude des occurrences de and dans un discours de Steve Jobs, exemple de « monologue » à l’oral dans la mesure où un seul énonciateur s’adresse à un auditoire. Dans ces trois registres, and marque typiquement la différence, ou la dissociation, soit entre deux énoncés, soit entre des groupes d’énoncés, et négocie ainsi les transitions du discours. Il permet également la focalisation de l’information qu’il introduit.
Do auxiliaire ou do lexical? Indifférenciation sémantique et/ou syntaxique en contexte anaphorique
Authors: Sharifzadeh Saghie 
Published: July 2015

This paper uncovers the specific properties of “which NP do”, “that NP do” and “this NP do” constructions. Based on a thorough analysis of electronic corpora, it lays bare a factitive meaning shared by the various forms of the verb do, provided the latter takes some complementation (verbal in the case of auxiliary do, nominal in the case of transitive do). In “which NP do”, “that NP do” and “this NP do” constructions notably, this underlying semantic unity appears to blur the boundary between lexical and grammatical occurrences of the verb do, thus obscuring the syntactic differences between the lexical verb and the auxiliary.
La réinterprétation des prédicats statifs dans les supplétives en DO SO
Authors: Desurmont Christopher 
Published: July 2015

The VP-substitute DO SO is usually said to corefer with a dynamic predicate. Corpus studies have shown that this is apparently not always the case, that DO SO can also have ‘stative antecedents’.This paper examines DO SO with purely stative antecedents, here defined as the sum of four negative features: [− process, − culmination, − control, − perform]. It is here shown that DO SO may have a stative antecedent (unlike do it/this/that/the same), but only if the do so clause or VP induces a different (and more dynamic) representation of the ‘event’ represented in the antecedent clause or VP. For DO SO to be an acceptable option, this ‘reinterpretation’ must imply the transformation of at least one of the negative features into its positive equivalent. The two features most often implied are [+/− process] and [+/− perform].Four syntactic configurations are taken into account. In the first two (coordination of two clauses + do so in a subordinate clause), DO SO has its own grammatical NP-subject that can have its own distinct semantic (or thematic) role. The third is a coordination of two VPs and so with only one grammatical NP-subject (factorized for the two VPs); and in the fourth, do so’s antecedent VP is embedded within do so’s own NP-subject. Seeing that the stative antecedent VP has to be reinterpreted for DO SO to be an acceptable option, this brings me to hypothesize that in these structures, DO SO must have a covert semantic subject with its own distinct semantic role.
AT et la sémantique des prépositions
Authors: Boulonnais Dominique 
Published: July 2015

This paper examines the semantics of AT in English, with a view to accounting for the way prepositional constructions are learned in a usage-based approach to language.Prepositions in their primary uses are shown to be both case and theta-role assigners, whose distribution in language use is semantically determined by their core value. The latter is established through the analogical processes which control the development of variables in the corresponding prepositional constructions.It is argued that AT has two main uses : an autonomous use in which the PP denotes a spatial or temporal adimensional landmark (there/then) and a dependent one in which the PP becomes part of a construction headed by a governing element, verb, adjective or noun (at + pronoun). AT PPs can instantiate three argument positions, Trigger, Target and Domain, depending on the governing element.The paper also discusses two values which are commonly associated with AT in governed PPs, namely aggressiveness and incompleteness, to show that neither can be considered as part of the core meaning of the preposition.
Variétés de pidgin nigérian dans « Girls at War » et A Man of the People de Chinua Achebe, Jagua Nana de Cyprian Ekwensi et Sozaboy de Ken Saro-Wiva : questions de traduction de ces lieux de la variation
Authors: Paulin Catherine 
Published: July 2015

This paper, by looking at some texts by Nigerian writers, deals with some problems that are raised by the translation of Pidgin Englishes in African literature in English-speaking countries. The reasons for the translation difficulties are linguistic and ideological. Translation choices, such as standardisation / « domestication », relocalisation / « foreignization », change of register… are determined by a set of parameters, such as time, cultural and literary norms as well as by the sociolinguistic reality and the potential it offers in terms of literary creativity.