bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inferring the uncertainty of satellite precipitation estimates in data‐sparse regions over land
Authors: Bytheway Janice L. , Kummerow Christian D. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe global distribution of precipitation is essential to understanding earth's water and energy budgets. While developed countries often have reliable precipitation observation networks, our understanding of the distribution of precipitation in data‐sparse regions relies on sporadic rain gauges and information gathered by spaceborne sensors. Several multisensor data sets attempt to represent the global distribution of precipitation on subdaily time scales by combining multiple satellite and ground‐based observations. Due to limited validation sources and highly variable nature of precipitation, it is difficult to assess the performance of multisensor precipitation products globally. Here, we introduce a methodology to infer the uncertainty of satellite precipitation measurements globally based on similarities between precipitation characteristics in data‐sparse and data‐rich regions. Five generalized global rainfall regimes are determined based on the probability distribution of 3‐hourly accumulated rainfall in 0.25° grid boxes using the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission 3B42 product. Uncertainty characteristics for each regime are determined over the United States using the high‐quality National Centers for Environmental Prediction Stage IV radar product. The results indicate that the frequency of occurrence of zero and little accumulated rainfall is the key difference between the regimes and that differences in error characteristics are most prevalent at accumulations below ~4 mm/h. At higher accumulations, uncertainty in 3‐hourly accumulation converges to ~80%. Using the self‐similarity in the five rainfall regimes along with the error characteristics observed for each regime, the uncertainty in 3‐hourly precipitation estimates can be inferred in regions that lack quality ground validation sources.
Embryological staging of the Zebra Finch,Taeniopygia guttata
Authors: Murray Jessica R. , Varian‐Ramos Claire W. , Welch Zoe S. , Saha Margaret S. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTZebra Finches (Taeniopygia guttata) are the most commonly used laboratory songbird species, yet their embryological development has been poorly characterized. Most studies to date apply Hamburger and Hamilton stages derived from chicken development; however, significant differences in development between precocial and altricial species suggest that they may not be directly comparable. We provide the first detailed description of embryological development in the Zebra Finch under standard artificial incubation. These descriptions confirm that some of the features used to classify chicken embryos into stages are not applicable in an altricial bird such as the Zebra Finch. This staging protocol will help to standardize future studies of embryological development in the Zebra Finch. J. Morphol. 274:1090–1110, 2013. © 2013 The Authors. Journal of Morphology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Compact Asymmetric Coplanar Strip‐Fed Dual‐Band Antenna for 2.4/5.8 GHz Wlan Applications
Authors: Li Yingsong , Li Wenxing , Ye Qiubo 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTAn asymmetric coplanar strip (ACS)‐fed dual‐band antenna using loaded capacitance terminations for 2.4/5.8 GHz wireless local area network applications is studied numerically and verified experimentally. The proposed antenna consists of two meandered strip radiating elements, two loaded capacitance terminations, an asymmetric ground plane, a shunt inductor, and an ACS‐fed structure. Two resonance frequencies are controlled by adjusting the dimensions of the two meandered strip radiator elements and two loaded capacitance terminations. This antenna has small size of 17 × 12 mm2 including the ground plane. Simulation and measurement results show that the proposed antenna can work at dual‐band frequencies and has omnidirectional radiation patterns. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2066–2070, 2013
Distance Dependence of Electric Field Pattern for An Antenna Mounted on A Car in Uhf Band
Authors: Taguchi Kenji , Imai Suguru , Kashiwa Tatsuya , Kuribayashi Hiroshi , Komatsu Satoru 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTIt is important to know distance dependence of electric field pattern to measure radiation patterns for car mounted antennas. In this article, the distance dependence of electric field pattern for an antenna mounted on a car in the UHF band is investigated by the electromagnetic simulation for the first time. As a result, it is shown that the distance dependence of electric field pattern is affected by polarization, frequency, antenna positions, and origin positions to define the distance. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2182–2186, 2013
Compact and High‐Selectivity Dual‐Band Bandpass Filter with Tunable Passband for Wimax and Wlan Applications
Authors: Li Yang , Wang C. , Kim N. Y. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTA dual‐band bandpass filter with compact size and high‐selective performance is presented using the combination of an embedded double E‐type stepped‐impedance resonator and open‐loop resonators. The proposed dual‐band filter has the capability to achieve different passband frequencies, both resonance frequencies can be conveniently and independently controlled without enlarging outline circuit size, and four transmission zeros near the edges of the passband are achieved to obtain a high‐level selectivity. A comparison of simulated and measured results verifies the design and shows that two central frequencies of the fabricated filter are located at the desired 2.5 GHz (WiMax application) and 5.4 GHz (WLAN application) with 3 dB fractional bandwidths of 14.0 and 10.3%, respectively. The measured return losses are higher than 20 dB, whereas insertion losses are less than 0.9 dB in each of the two passbands. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2106–2110, 2013
Multipoint Response Correction for Reduced‐Cost EM‐Simulation‐Driven Design of Antenna Structures
Authors: Koziel Slawomir , Leifsson Leifur 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTWe present a simple technique for electromagnetic (EM) simulation–based design optimization of antenna structures. Our approach utilizes a low‐fidelity model of the antenna under design, implemented through coarse‐discretization EM simulations. The low‐fidelity model is aligned with the original, high‐fidelity one using multipoint response correction. As opposed to the simple additive response correction (referred to as output space mapping), the multipoint version introduced here exploits all high‐fidelity model data accumulated during the optimization process, which improves the generalization capability of the corrected model. As a result, an optimized antenna design can be obtained at a lower computational cost, which is demonstrated using two examples: a dielectric resonator antenna and an ultra‐wideband stripline monopole antenna. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2070–2074, 2013
A Hybrid Silicon Single‐Mode Laser with A Racetrack Ring and Periodic Slots
Authors: Zhang Yejin , Wang Hailing , Qu Hongwei , Zhang Siriguleng , Zheng Wanhua 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTIn this letter, a novel III‐V/silicon hybrid single‐mode ring cavity laser is presented. The on‐chip racetrack ring electrically pumped laser does not rely on facet polishing and dicing to define the laser cavity. The mode selected mechanism is based on a racetrack resonator with periodic slots. The fabrication of the laser only needs standard photolithography in the whole technological process. The side mode suppression ratio of larger than 20 dB is obtained from experiment. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2141–2143, 2013
A Dual‐Resonant Metamaterial in Terahertz Regime
Authors: Guo Wanyi , He Lianxing , Sun Hao , Li Biao , Zhao Hongwei , Sun Xiaowei 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThe design, fabrication, and measurement of a dual‐band terahertz (THz) metamaterial based on gallium arsenide substrate are presented. The proposed subwavelength structure provides two distinct electrical resonances near 0.39 and 0.59 THz. Measured results obtained from the THz time‐domain spectroscopy show good agreement with the simulation results. Effective medium parameters show negative values of permittivity during two frequency bands of 0.38–0.44 THz and 0.59–0.64 THz. This metamaterial is expected to enhance the realization of broadband and multiband functional devices in THz regime. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2095–2099, 2013
Novel Design of Broadband Strip Lines Fed Patch Antenna for GNSS Application
Authors: Li Xi , Lin Yang , Qiong Chen 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTNovel design of stacked circularly polarized strip lines fed patch antenna has been proposed for global navigation satellite system in this article. The antenna has been designed to operate for the satellite navigation frequencies including GPS, global navigation satellite system, Galileo and Compass (1100—1600 MHz). Three normal Wilkinson power dividers are connected together acting as the feeding networks. As a result, the antenna has a 57.6% 10‐dB return loss bandwidth from 1.05 to 1.9 GHz and 42.9% 3‐dB axial ratio bandwidth from 1.1 to 1.7 GHz, respectively. Crossed slots are cut on the radiating patch to increase the antenna gain. The designed antenna in this article can acquire broad beam width and good axial ratio at low elevations. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2062–2066, 2013
Mode‐Switching Left‐Handed Standing Wave Voltage‐Controlled Oscillator
Authors: Jang Sheng‐Lyang , Lin Hsi‐Han , Hsue Ching‐Wen 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThis article proposes a mode‐switching dual‐band CMOS standing‐wave oscillator (SWO) implemented with a distributed left‐handed (LH) LC network and CMOS mode switches. The SWO consists of four units of LH LC resonator stacked in series, and the LC resonator is in shunt with a pair of cross‐coupled transistors to compensate the loss of LC resonator. A pair of MOSFET mode‐switches is used to switch on/off the frequency bands. In the fundamental mode, the SWO operates at the high‐frequency band. In harmonic mode, the oscillator provides low‐frequency band outputs. The dual‐band function exploits the multiple oscillation mode of the LH SWO. The proposed SWO has been implemented with the TSMC 0.18 μm 1P6M CMOS technology. It can generate differential signals in the high‐band frequency range of 7.18–7.55 GHz and in the low‐band frequency range of 4.5–4.64 GHz. The die area of the SWO is 0.991 × 0.815 mm2. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2074–2077, 2013
Ultra‐Wideband Filters with Transmission Zeros in the Passband
Authors: Zhou Jiafeng , Morris Kevin 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTWideband microwave filters cover a wide band of continuous frequencies. In this paper, the design and implementation of an ultra‐wideband filter is firstly introduced. In real applications, there might be interference inside the passband of the filter, and it is usually necessary to suppress the interference to make most use of the available bandwidth. Traditionally this can be done either by cascading a bandstop filter to the wideband filter, or by designing multiband filters. To achieve compactness, it will be shown in this paper that it is possible to add an extra resonator weakly coupled to the filter. Without any other changes to the original filter, a transmission zero can be produced in the passband of the filter, while the performance of the filter at other frequencies is not significantly affected. This zero can be used to suppress any potential in‐band interferences. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2165–2168, 2013
Bandwidth‐Enhanced Metamaterial Absorber Using Electric Field–Driven Lc Resonator For Airborne Radar Applications
Authors: Bhattacharyya Somak , Ghosh Saptarshi , Srivastava Kumar Vaibhav 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThe aim of this article is to construct broadband ultra thin absorbers using metamaterials in microwave frequencies (C‐band) for lower band surveillance and air defense applications. The frequencies of absorptions have been brought closer by parametric optimization of electric field driven LC structures to give rise to a higher full width at half maxima (FWHM) bandwidth. The FWHM bandwidth of 0.42 GHz with 8.13% has been theoretically observed ranging from 4.94–5.36 GHz. The structure is fabricated and experimentally tested for the normal incidence of electromagnetic wave inside the anechoic chamber. The structure is also investigated for oblique incidence which shows that FWHM bandwidth is maintained upto 40°. The structure is also simulated for different angles of polarization where insignificant shift in frequency is noticed as well as FWHM bandwidth is also maintained upto 30°. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2131–2137, 2013
Accurate Backscattering Studies for Double‐Layered Array of Infinitely Long Cylinders
Authors: Safonova Galyna , Vinogradova Elena 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThe two‐dimensional Helmholtz equation with Dirichlet's boundary conditions is rigorously solved for multiple arbitrary profiled cylinders. This describes the wave diffraction of E‐polarized electromagnetic field. The developed algorithm is used for calculation of the radar cross‐section of an infinitely long double‐layered array. In this article, we focus on the resonance response of the structure caused by excitation of the high Q‐factor oscillations. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2127–2131, 2013
A 5‐GHz Band Low‐Phase Noise CMOS VCO Using Above‐IC Technologies
Authors: Chiou Hwann‐Kaeo , Hsu Yuan‐Chia , Chang Da‐Chiang , Juang Ying‐Zong 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThis article presents a 5‐GHz band low phase noise CMOS voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) based on a high quality factor above‐IC inductor that is stacked on the top of a 0.18‐μm RF CMOS process using wafer level package technology. The measured phase noise of the VCO is −119.8 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset frequency, which is an improvement of 6 dB compared to a conventional VCO with on‐chip CMOS inductor. The design challenge of the grounding of the above‐IC inductor stacked on the CMOS structure is investigated in this work. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2051–2055, 2013
Miniature Reconfigurable Antenna with Magneto Dielectric Substrate for DVB‐H Band
Authors: Canneva Florian , Ferrero Fabien , Chevalier Alexis , Ribero Jean‐Marc , Mattei Jean‐Luc , Queffelec Patrick , Staraj Robert 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTIn this article, we present a frequency reconfigurable antenna for digital video broadcasting on handheld devices standard. By loading a printed inverted F antennas with a varactor diode, the resonance frequency can be tuned from 470 to 862 MHz. Furthermore, a magneto dielectric superstrate is used to reduce the dimension of the antenna while keeping a large bandwidth. To study the performance improvement due to the magneto‐dielectric resonator,a comparison is performed with a reference antenna without magneto‐dielectric superstrate. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2007–2011, 2013
Analysis of Different Loop Resonators and Their Application in Band‐Stop Filter Design
Authors: Shen Rui , Lin Xianqi , Zhang Pengcheng , Cheng Fei , Fan Yong 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThis article presents six typical loop resonators with single electric or magnetic resonance. Capacitive or inductive load leads to the invention of reflection zeros and the position of loaded gap or via results in different mutual coupling effects. After detailed study on the characteristics of such six typical loop resonator prototypes, a second‐order filter with a more compact size and high selectivity is proposed. Realization of spurious band suppression as well as miniaturization is investigated and achieved. Full wave simulation and necessary measurements are taken and good agreements are achieved. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2241–2244, 2013
Effects of Steam‐Redissolution on Transmission Characteristics of 17 × 17 Polymer Arrayed Waveguide Grating Multiplexers
Authors: Qin Zheng‐kun , Yu Yue , Zhang Hui‐Ping , Wang Guo‐Feng , Wang Yu‐Hai , Ma Chun‐Sheng 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTIn this article, the RIE process has been improved, a
polymer arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) multiplexer with flat spectral response have been designed and fabricated using FPE polymer materials. Using the steam‐redissolution technique, the insertion loss and the crosstalk have been reduced. Experimental results show that the central wavelength is 1550.86 nm, and 3‐dB bandwidth is about 0.478 nm, insertion loss is 10.5 dB, crosstalk is about −20.5 dB. The insertion loss of an AWG device is reduced by about 3 dB for the central channel and 4.5 dB for the edge channels, and the crosstalk is reduced by 1.5 dB after the steam‐redissolution. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2199–2201, 2013
A Bidirectional Left‐Hand Circularly Polarized Antenna Using Dual Rotated Patches
Authors: Deng Changjiang , Li Yue , Zhang Zhijun , Wang Jianwu , Feng Zhenghe 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTIn this article, we have proposed a multilayer bidirectional circularly polarized antenna for underground communications. The proposed antenna consists of two slot‐coupled back‐to‐back arranged rotated patches and a microstrip feed‐line. Identical left‐hand circular polarization is achieved in both front and back directions to avoid the undesired polarization mismatch for point‐to‐point connection. A prototype of the proposed antenna is built to validate the design strategy. The measured data, including S‐parameter, axial ratio, radiation pattern, and gain, agree well with the simulation results. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2044–2047, 2013
Ultra‐Wideband Planar Monopole Antennas with Improved Characteristics
Authors: Lages André V. S. , Dmitriev Victor , Kawakatsu Marcelo N. , Nascimento Daniel C. , Ferreira Daniel B. , da Costa Ewerton S. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTTwo planar elliptical ultra‐wideband (UWB) monopole antennas with total efficiency greater than 97% in the UWB are investigated. One has attractive feature and an excellent impedance matching with return loss lower than −22 dB in the whole UWB and the other one has very good radiation pattern characteristics. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2149–2154, 2013
Polar decomposition based corotational framework for triangular shell elements with distributed loads
Authors: Caselli Federica , Bisegna Paolo 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYA polar decomposition based corotational formulation for deriving geometrically nonlinear triangular shell elements is proposed. This formulation is novel in two aspects. (1) Original formulas for the projector operator and its variation are presented, leading to simple algorithms for the computation of the nodal residual vector and of the consistent tangent stiffness tensor. (2) For the first time in the context of a corotational kinematic description, a rigorous treatment of distributed dead and follower loads is performed, thoroughly accounting for the various contributions entailed in the residual vector and in the tangent stiffness. Numerical simulations of popular benchmark problems are reported, showing the effectiveness of the proposed approach. An accessible and adaptable MATLAB toolkit implementing the present formulation is provided as supplementary material. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of chédiak–Higashi syndrome: A nationwide survey of Japan
Authors: Nagai Kozo , Ochi Fumihiro , Terui Kiminori , Maeda Miho , Ohga Shouichi , Kanegane Hirokazu , Kitoh Toshiyuki , Kogawa Kazuhiro , Suzuki Nobuhiro , Ohta Shigeru , Ishida Yasushi , Okamura Takayuki , Wakiguchi Hiroshi , Yasukawa Masaki , Ishii Eiichi 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundChédiak–Higashi syndrome (CHS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by immunodeficiency, neurological dysfunction, and oculocutaneous albinism. Recently, several clinical CHS phenotypes have been reported. Here, we report results of a nationwide survey performed to clarify clinical characteristics and outcomes of CHS patients in Japan.MethodsQuestionnaires were sent to 287 institutions to collect data regarding CHS patients diagnosed between 2000 and 2010, including results of lysosomal trafficking regulator (LYST) gene analysis. Cytotoxicity and degranulation activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes were analyzed in available patient samples.ResultsA total of 15 patients diagnosed with CHS were eligible for enrollment in this study. Of these, 10 (67%) had recurrent bacterial infections, five (33%) developed life‐threatening hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), and one patient had complicated malignant lymphoma. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) was performed for six patients including three with HLH, and 10 of the enrolled patients have survived at the time of this writing. LYST analysis was performed for 10 patients; seven different mutations were detected in seven patients, whereas no mutation was identified in three patients. Cytotoxicity and degranulation activity were impaired in patients with and without LYST mutation.DiscussionResults of this survey indicate that one or two patients with CHS were newly diagnosed each year in Japan. The incidence of HLH was not as high as expected. Mutations of genes other than LYST were suspected in some cases. We conclude that determining indication for HSCT for CHS patients should be based on genetic and cytotoxic analysis. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013;60:1582–1586. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Does website‐based information add any value in counseling mothers expecting a baby with severe congenital diaphragmatic hernia?
Authors: Engels Alexander C. , DeKoninck Philip , van der Merwe Johannes L. , Van Mieghem Tim , Stevens Petra , Power Beverley , Nicolaides Kypros H. , Gratacos Eduard , Deprest Jan A. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveWe aimed to measure whether website‐provided information about congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and fetal therapy for severe cases provides added value compared with clinical counseling of parents.MethodsThis is a single center study in 102 couples who earlier opted for fetoscopic endoluminal tracheal occlusion (FETO) because of isolated severe CDH. They were asked to fill out an anonymized web‐based survey of 12 questions. Then, they were offered access to information on the web pages of the randomized Tracheal Occlusion to Accelerate Lung Growth (TOTAL) trial. One week later, their appreciation was measured again by a second questionnaire.ResultsEighty‐two (80%) parents completed the first questionnaire, and 48 (47%) completed the entire survey. Several items became more clear to the parents after reading the website, such as the length of hospital stay (23.2% prior to web information, 60.4% after; P = 0.004), maternal risk, or the requirement of fetal anesthesia for FETO (43.9% resp. 79.2%; P = <0.001).ConclusionComplementing prenatal counseling on CDH and FETO by standardized information via website is perceived by parents as of added value. Maternal risks and the need for fetal medication need more clarification during the verbal counseling prior to prenatal interventions. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.