bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accumulation of oocytes and/or embryos by vitrification: a new strategy for managing poor responder patients undergoing pre implantation diagnosis
Authors: Chatziparasidou Alexia , Nijs Martine , Moisidou Martha , Chara Oraiopoulou , Ioakeimidou Christina , Pappas Christos , Christoforidis Nicos 
Published: November 2013

Background: Low (or poor) responder patients are women who require large doses of stimulation medications and produce less than an optimal number of oocytes during IVF cycles. Low responder patients produce few oocytes and embryos, which significantly reduces their chances for success in a preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) cycle. Accumulation of vitrified oocytes or embryos before the actual PGD cycle is a possible strategy that might increase patient’s chances for a healthy pregnancy.Aim of the study: This retrospective study evaluates the efficacy of a PGD program in low responder patients after repeated ovarian stimulation cycles with cumulative vitrification of oocytes and embryos.Methods: Over a period of 30 months, 13 patients entering the PGD program were identified as poor responders after their first ovarian stimulation. These patients started a PGD cycle for one of the following indications: history of recurrent implantation failure (n=1), cystic fibrosis (n=1), X-linked microtubular myopathy (n=1), recurrent miscarriages (n=5), Duchene muscular dystrophy (n=1), chromosomal translocation (n=1) and high sperm aneuploidy (n=1). After multiple ovarian hormonal stimulations patients had either all mature oocytes (Group A; 3 patients) or all of their day 2 embryos vitrified (group B; 10 patients). Mean total number of oocyte collections per patient was 2.3 (range: 2 - 5 cycles).Results: In the actual PGD cycle, all vitrified oocytes from group A patients were warmed and underwent intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) followed by culture up to day 3. For group B patients all vitrified day 2 embryos were warmed and cultured overnight. On day 3 of culture, all embryos from Group A and B had blastomere biopsy followed by genetic analysis. In group A, 20 embryos were found suitable for biopsy and genetic analysis; at least one healthy embryo was available for transfer for each patient. For group B, 72 embryos in total were available for biopsy and PGD. All patients, except one, had at least one healthy day 5 embryo for transfer (mean number of 2.1 embryos per transfer). Nine patients had a clinical pregnancy; 7 patients delivered a healthy baby.Conclusion: Low responder patients entering a PGD program might increase their chances for a healthy pregnancy by repeat ovarian stimulation in combination with cumulative oocyte or embryo vitrification.
Geoscience of Climate and Energy 13. The Environmental Hydrogeology of the Oil Sands, Lower Athabasca Area, Alberta
Authors: Miall Andrew D. 
Published: November 2013

Shallow fresh groundwater and deep saline groundwater are used together with surface water in the extraction of bitumen from the Athabasca Oil Sands both in the surface mining and in situ operations. However, increasing efficiencies in processing technologies have reduced water use substantially and currently at least 75% of the water used in most operations is recycled water. Much concern has been expressed regarding contamination of surface waters by seepage from tailings ponds, but hydrogeological studies indicate that this is not happening; that seepage capture design is effective. Oil sands mining and in situ project licensing and operation regulations include Environmental Impact Assessments that mandate considerable hydrogeological measurement and monitoring work. However, little of this is independently evaluated for accuracy or synthesized and interpreted for the public. Recent changes in Alberta environmental regulation, including the establishment of the Alberta Environmental Monitoring Management Board (in October 2012) are expected to bring new transparency to environmental management of Oil Sands operations.SOMMAIREOn utilise conjointement des eaux douce de faibles profondeur, des eaux souterraines salines profondes avec des eaux de surface dans l'extraction du bitume des sables bitumineux de l'Athabasca, tant dans le procédé d’extraction in situ qu’en surface. Par ailleurs, l’accroissement de l'efficacité des technologies de traitement a considérablement réduit la consommation d'eau et, à l’heure actuelle, au moins 75% de l'eau utilisée dans la majorité des opérations est de l'eau recyclée. Beaucoup d’inquiétude a été exprimée concernant la contamination des eaux de surface par la percolation des eaux des bassins de décantation des résidus, mais des études hydrogéologiques indiquent que ce n'est pas le cas, et que le concept de capture des infiltrations est efficace. L’octroi de permis d’exploitation ainsi que les procédés d’exploitation des sables bitumineux, par extraction en surface ou in situ, comportent des évaluations d’impact sur les milieux de vie, est assorti de mandats élaborés de mesures hydrologiques et de suivi. Cela dit, peu de ces mesures sont évaluées de manière indépendante quant à leur exactitude, leur mise en forme et leur interprétation pour le grand public. Les changements récents dans la réglementation environnementale en Alberta, y compris la mise en place du Alberta Environmental Monitoring Management Board (en Octobre 2012) devraient aboutir à une nouvelle transparence de la gestion environnementale de l'exploitation des sables bitumineux.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12789/geocanj.2013.40.016
Hormesis and vitagenes in aging and longevity: mitochondrial control and hormonal regulation
Authors: Cornelius Carolin , Graziano Antonio , Calabrese Edward J. , Calabrese Vittorio 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Average life span has increased because of medical and environmental factors, but maximal life span remains unchanged. Understanding the mechanisms of aging will help to reduce age-related morbidity and facilitate healthy aging. Unlike female menopause, which is accompanied by an abrupt and permanent cessation of ovarian function (both folliculogenesis and estradiol production), male aging does not result in either cessation of testosterone production or infertility. Although the circulating serum testosterone concentration does decline with aging, in most men this decrease is small, resulting in levels that are generally within the normal range. Age-related hypogonadism has been referred to as andropause or late-onset hypogonadism (LOH), with LOH considered to be the most suitable term for this condition. Hormone therapy (HT) trials have caused both apprehension and confusion about the overall risks and benefits associated with HT treatment. During aging, a gradual decline in the potency of the heat shock response occurs, and this may prevent the repair of protein damage. Thus, the interest in developing pharmacological agents capable of inducing stress responses is growing within the broad frame of hormesis, which underlie strategies for optimal patient treatment of numerous diseases. Vitagenes encode for heat shock proteins, thioredoxin, and sirtuin protein systems. Nutritional antioxidants have recently been demonstrated to be neuroprotective through the activation of hormetic pathways, including vitagenes. Here, we focus on possible signaling mechanisms involved in the activation of vitagenes resulting in enhanced defense against bioenergetic defects leading to degeneration and cell death with consequent impact on longevity processes.
Cerebroplacental Doppler ratio and placental histopathological features in pregnancies complicated by fetal growth restriction
Authors: Spinillo Arsenio , Gardella Barbara , Bariselli Silvia , Alfei Alessandro , Silini Enrico Maria , Bello Barbara Dal 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Objective: To correlate placental pathologic lesions, as defined by the Society for Pediatric Pathology, to the severity of the ratio of the pulsatility Doppler index (PI) of the fetal middle cerebral artery to that of the umbilical artery (cerebroplacental ratio, CPR).

Study design: A cohort-study of 176 singleton pregnancies complicated by fetal growth restriction (FGR).

Results: The mean values of gestational age, birth weight and CPR of the entire cohort were 33.9±3.6 weeks, 1552±561 g, and 1.33±0.68, respectively. In ordered logistic regression analysis, after adjustment for potential confounders, muscularised arteries (Odds Ratio [OR]=3.14; 95% confidence intervals [CI]=1.58–6.28, P=0.001), mural hypertrophy (OR=2.35; 95% CI=1.26–4.4, P=0.008), immature intermediate trophoblast (OR=2.0; 95% CI=1.07–3.71, P=0.03) and maternal vascular underperfusion (OR=2.32; 95% CI=1.25–4.23, P=0.007) were the only parameters associated with severity of CPR.

Conclusions: The correlation between placental histological findings indicating maternal underperfusion and placental occlusion suggest that forced centralization of fetal circulation in FGR could be at least partially attributable to the hemodynamic consequences of increased placental vascular resistance.
Impact of sex on perinatal mortality and morbidity in twins
Authors: Steen Emma Elsmén , Källén Karin , Maršál Karel , Norman Mikael , Hellström-Westas Lena 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Objective: Twin studies offer opportunities to investigate mechanisms underlying sex-associated differences in perinatal outcomes. The objective of the study was to investigate sex-related differences in perinatal complications.

Study design: A cohort of 16,045 twin pregnancies – 32,090 twins – was explored for obstetric complications, perinatal and infant mortality, and neonatal morbidities.

Results: Twin pregnancies with a female fetus had an increased risk for preeclampsia, but otherwise there were no pregnancy complications associated with fetal sex. After birth, female-female twins had lower early neonatal and infant mortality, and lower risk for respiratory morbidities than male-male twins at all gestational ages. In unlike-sexed twin pairs, very preterm males had higher respiratory morbidity than females and, females were at higher risk for being growth restricted.

Conclusion: Male-male twins have higher respiratory morbidity and neonatal mortality than female-female twins. In unliked-sexed twin pairs, the males seem to be protected by having a female co-twin.
Age at Menarche and Age at First Sexual Intercourse: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Marino Jennifer L. , Skinner S. Rachel , Doherty Dorota A. , Rosenthal Susan L. , Cooper Robbins Spring C. , Cannon Jeffrey , Hickey Martha 
Published: November 2013

OBJECTIVE:Younger age at menarche (AAM) may put girls at risk for earlier first sexual intercourse (FSI). Young age at FSI has far-reaching negative outcomes. We describe the longitudinal relationship between AAM and FSI in a large prospective birth cohort.METHODS:AAM was collected from 554 girls from the Western Australia (Raine) Pregnancy Cohort Study, prospectively from age 10 or retrospectively at age 14. Age at FSI was collected at ages 17 and 20. Cox regression models describe likelihood of FSI by age and years since menarche for younger (&lt;12 years) and older (≥14 years) AAM relative to average AAM (12–13 years).RESULTS:Girls with younger AAM and average AAM were equally likely to have FSI by age 16 (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 0.90 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.60–1.35]). FSI by age 16 was less likely among girls with older AAM than those with average AAM (aHR: 0.35 [95% CI: 0.17–0.72]). Girls with younger AAM had a longer median interval between menarche and FSI than girls with average AAM (5.0 years [interquartile range: 4.4–8.5 years] vs 3.7 years [interquartile range: 2.4–5.3 years]). Those with younger AAM were less likely to report FSI within 4 years of menarche than those with average AAM (0–2 years aHR: 0.04 [95% CI: 0.01–0.31]; 2–4 years aHR: 0.36 [95% CI: 0.23–0.55]). By age 20, 429 girls (77.4%) reported FSI.CONCLUSIONS:Younger AAM was not a risk factor for younger age at FSI in this cohort.
Sexual Risk Taking and Bullying Among Adolescents
Authors: Holt Melissa K. , Matjasko Jennifer L. , Espelage Dorothy , Reid Gerald , Koenig Brian 
Published: November 2013

BACKGROUND:
Psychological and educational correlates of bullying have been explored extensively. However, little information is available about the link between bullying and sexual risk-taking behaviors among adolescents, though for some youth it may be that sexual risk taking emerges in response to bullying involvement. Associations for both heterosexual youth and those who identify as gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, or questioning (GLBTQ) should be considered, as should the influence of victimization exposures in other domains. Accordingly, associations among bullying, other victimization forms, and sexual risk-taking behaviors were examined among adolescents with particular consideration to sexual orientation.

METHODS:
A sample of 8687 high school students completed the Dane County Youth Survey, a countywide survey administered high school students from 24 schools. Participants were asked questions about their bullying involvement and sexual risk-taking behaviors (ie, engaging in casual sex and having sex while under the influence of alcohol or drugs).

RESULTS:
Results indicated that bullies and bully-victims were more likely to engage in casual sex and sex under the influence. In multivariate analyses, these findings held even after controlling for demographic characteristics and victimization exposures in other domains, but primarily for heterosexual youth.

CONCLUSIONS:
Bullies and bully-victims engaged in more sexual risk-taking behaviors, although patterns of association varied by sexual orientation. Bullying prevention programs and programs aimed at reducing unhealthy sexual practices should consider a broader stress and coping perspective and address the possible link between the stress of bullying involvement and maladaptive coping responses.
Resuscitation of Preterm Neonates With Limited Versus High Oxygen Strategy
Authors: Kapadia Vishal S. , Chalak Lina F. , Sparks John E. , Allen James R. , Savani Rashmin C. , Wyckoff Myra H. 
Published: November 2013

OBJECTIVE:
To determine whether a limited oxygen strategy (LOX) versus a high oxygen strategy (HOX) during delivery room resuscitation decreases oxidative stress in preterm neonates.

METHODS:
A randomized trial of neonates of 24 to 34 weeks’ gestational age (GA) who received resuscitation was performed. LOX neonates received room air as the initial resuscitation gas, and fraction of inspired oxygen (Fio2) was adjusted by 10% every 30 seconds to achieve target preductal oxygen saturations (Spo2) as described by the 2010 Neonatal Resuscitation Program guidelines. HOX neonates received 100% O2 as initial resuscitation gas, and Fio2 was adjusted by 10% to keep preductal Spo2 at 85% to 94%. Total hydroperoxide (TH), biological antioxidant potential (BAP), and the oxidative balance ratio (BAP/TH) were analyzed in cord blood and the first hour of life. Secondary outcomes included delivery room interventions, respiratory support on NICU admission, and short-term morbidities.

RESULTS:
Forty-four LOX (GA: 30 ± 3 weeks; birth weight: 1678 ± 634 g) and 44 HOX (GA: 30 ± 3 weeks; birth weight: 1463 ± 606 g) neonates were included. LOX decreased integrated excess oxygen (∑Fio2 × time [min]) in the delivery room compared with HOX (401 ± 151 vs 662 ± 249; P &lt; .01). At 1 hour of life, BAP/TH was 60% higher for LOX versus HOX neonates (13 [9–16] vs 8 [6–9]) µM/U.CARR, P &lt; .01). LOX decreased ventilator days (3 [0–64] vs 8 [0–96]; P &lt; .05) and reduced the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (7% vs 25%; P &lt; .05).

CONCLUSIONS:
LOX is feasible and results in less oxygen exposure, lower oxidative stress, and decreased respiratory morbidities and thus is a reasonable alternative for resuscitation of preterm neonates in the delivery room.
A Collaborative System to Improve Compartment Syndrome Recognition
Authors: Schaffzin Joshua K. , Prichard Heather , Bisig Jennifer , Gainor Peggy , Wolfe Krista , Solan Lauren G. , Webster Laurie , McCarthy James J. 
Published: November 2013

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Acute compartment syndrome (ACS) is a rare but serious complication of extremity injury that can cause permanent damage or death. ACS development is variable and unpredictable, and delay in recognition or treatment of ACS can lead to significant morbidity. Our objective was to create a reliable system for recognition of patients at risk and monitoring for ACS that could withstand frequent provider turnover.

METHODS:
Using the Model for Improvement, we identified key drivers and failure modes for 2 processes: resident and nurse practitioner proper order entry and bedside nurse proper documentation of monitoring. Interventions were tested in frequent plan–do–study–act cycles. Effective interventions were used in combination to test for sustainability.

RESULTS:
Proper order entry increased from 23% at baseline to 90%. Proper documentation for patients with correct orders increased from 15% to 70%. Individual interventions, including pocket card distribution, electronic medical record order set, and direct discussion by team leaders, were associated with improvement among residents but were not sustained with team turnover. Incorporating all 4 individual interventions into the on-boarding process for residents produced consistent success. Nursing documentation improved with education and maintenance of proper order entry.

CONCLUSIONS:
We built a reliable, sustainable system to recognize and monitor patients at risk for ACS. Interventions designed to minimally disrupt existing workflows were individually associated with improvement. We achieved sustainability through staff turnover when we incorporated the interventions into routine orientation for new staff. Hospitals can use existing orders and protocols to sustain surveillance for ACS and other acute conditions.
Gun Violence Trends in Movies
Authors: Bushman Brad J. , Jamieson Patrick E. , Weitz Ilana , Romer Daniel 
Published: November 2013

BACKGROUND:
Many scientific studies have shown that the mere presence of guns can increase aggression, an effect dubbed the “weapons effect.” The current research examines a potential source of the weapons effect: guns depicted in top-selling films.

METHODS:
Trained coders identified the presence of violence in each 5-minute film segment for one-half of the top 30 films since 1950 and the presence of guns in violent segments since 1985, the first full year the PG-13 rating (age 13+) was used. PG-13–rated films are among the top-selling films and are especially attractive to youth.

RESULTS:
Results found that violence in films has more than doubled since 1950, and gun violence in PG-13–rated films has more than tripled since 1985. When the PG-13 rating was introduced, these films contained about as much gun violence as G (general audiences) and PG (parental guidance suggested for young children) films. Since 2009, PG-13–rated films have contained as much or more violence as R-rated films (age 17+) films.

CONCLUSIONS:
Even if youth do not use guns, these findings suggest that they are exposed to increasing gun violence in top-selling films. By including guns in violent scenes, film producers may be strengthening the weapons effect and providing youth with scripts for using guns. These findings are concerning because many scientific studies have shown that violent films can increase aggression. Violent films are also now easily accessible to youth (eg, on the Internet and cable). This research suggests that the presence of weapons in films might amplify the effects of violent films on aggression.
Catheter Dwell Time and CLABSIs in Neonates With PICCs: A Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Milstone Aaron M. , Reich Nicholas G. , Advani Sonali , Yuan Guoshu , Bryant Kristina , Coffin Susan E. , Huskins W. Charles , Livingston Robyn , Saiman Lisa , Smith P. Brian , Song Xiaoyan 
Published: November 2013

OBJECTIVE:
To determine whether the daily risk of central line–associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) increases over the dwell time of peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) in high-risk neonates.

METHODS:
Multicenter retrospective cohort including NICU patients with a PICC inserted between January 2005 and June 2010. We calculated incidence rates and used Poisson regression models to assess the risk of developing CLABSI as a function of PICC dwell time.

RESULTS:
A total of 4797 PICCs placed in 3967 neonates were included; 149 CLABSIs occurred over 89 946 catheter-days (incidence rate 1.66 per 1000 catheter-days). In unadjusted analysis, PICCs with a dwell time of 8 to 13 days, 14 to 22 days, and ≥23 days each had an increased risk of infection compared with PICCs in place for ≤7 days (P &lt; .05). In adjusted analysis, the average predicted daily risk of CLABSIs after PICC insertion increased during the first 2 weeks after PICC insertion and remained elevated for the dwell time of the catheter. There was an increased risk of CLABSIs in neonates with concurrent PICCs (adjusted incidence rate ratio 2.04, 1.12–3.71). The incidence of Gram-negative CLABSIs was greater in PICCs with dwell times &gt;50 days (incidence rate ratio 5.26, 2.40–10.66).

CONCLUSIONS:
The risk of CLABSIs increased during the 2 weeks after PICC insertion and then remained elevated until PICC removal. Clinicians should review PICC necessity daily, optimize catheter maintenance practices, and investigate novel CLABSI prevention strategies in PICCs with prolonged dwell times.
Epidemiology of Bacteremia in Febrile Infants in the United States
Authors: Biondi Eric , Evans Rianna , Mischler Matthew , Bendel-Stenzel Michael , Horstmann Sara , Lee Vivan , Aldag Jean , Gigliotti Francis 
Published: November 2013

BACKGROUND:Fever in infants is a common clinical dilemma. The objective of this study was to present data from hospital systems across the northeast, southeast, mid-west, and western United States to identify the pathogens causing bacteremia in febrile infants admitted to general care units.METHODS:This was a retrospective review of positive blood culture results in febrile infants aged ≤90 days admitted to a general care unit across 6 hospital systems. Data were collected from January 1, 2006 through December 31, 2012 from emergency departments and general inpatient units. Cultures from ICUs, central lines, or infants who had complex comorbidities were excluded, as were repeat cultures positive for the same bacteria. Common contaminants were considered pathogens if they were treated as such.RESULTS:We identified 181 cases of bacteremia in 177 infants. The most common pathogen was Escherichia coli (42%), followed by group B Streptococcus (23%). Streptococcus pneumoniae was more likely in older infants (P = .01). Non-low-risk bacteremic infants were more likely to have E coli or group B Streptococcus than low-risk bacteremic infants. We identified no cases of Listeria monocytogenes. Variation between sites was minimal.CONCLUSIONS:This is the largest and most geographically diverse study to date examining the epidemiology of bacteremia in infants. We suggest E coli is the most common cause of bacteremia in previously healthy febrile infants admitted to a general inpatient unit. We identified no cases of L monocytogenes and question whether empirical therapy remains necessary for this pathogen.