bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cyclic Di-GMP Signaling Contributes to Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Mediated Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: Cole Stephanie J. , Lee Vincent T. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT

Bis-(3′-5′) cyclic dimeric GMP (c-di-GMP) controls the lifestyle transition between the sessile and motile states in many Gram-negative bacteria, including the opportunistic human pathogen
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
. Under laboratory conditions, high concentrations of c-di-GMP decrease motility and promote biofilm formation, while low concentrations of c-di-GMP promote motility and decease biofilm formation. Here we sought to determine the contribution of c-di-GMP signaling to biofilm formation during
P. aeruginosa
-mediated catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI). Using a murine CAUTI model, a decrease in CFU was detected in the bladders and kidneys of mice infected with strains overexpressing the phosphodiesterases (PDEs) encoded by
PA3947
and
PA2133
compared to those infected with wild-type
P. aeruginosa
. Conversely, overexpression of the diguanylate cyclases (DGCs) encoded by
PA3702
and
PA1107
increased the number of bacteria in bladder and significantly increased dissemination of bacteria to the kidneys compared to wild-type infection. To determine which of the DGCs and PDEs contribute to c-di-GMP signaling during infection, a panel of PA14 in-frame deletion mutants lacking DGCs and PDEs were tested in the CAUTI model. Results from these infections revealed five mutants, three containing GGDEF domains (Δ
PA14_26970
, Δ
PA14_72420
, and Δ
siaD
) and two containing dual GGDEF-EAL domains (Δ
morA
and Δ
PA14_07500
), with decreased colonization of the bladder and dissemination to the kidneys. These results indicate that c-di-GMP signaling influences
P. aeruginosa
-mediated biofilms during CAUTI.

IMPORTANCE
Biofilm-based infections are an important cause of nosocomial infections, since they resist the immune response and traditional antibiotic treatment. Cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) is a second messenger that promotes biofilm formation in many Gram-negative pathogens, including
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
. Here we determined the contribution of c-di-GMP signaling to catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI), an animal model of biofilm-based infection.
P. aeruginosa
with elevated levels of c-di-GMP during the initial infection produces an increased bacterial burden in the bladder and kidneys. Conversely, low concentrations of c-di-GMP decreased the bacterial burden in the bladder and kidneys. We screened a library of mutants with mutations in genes regulating c-di-GMP signaling and found several mutants that altered colonization of the urinary tract. This study implicates c-di-GMP signaling during CAUTI.
Assessment of intravascular granulomas in testicular seminomas and their association with tumour relapse and dissemination
Authors: Downes Michelle R , Cheung Carol C , Pintilie Melania , Chung Peter , van der Kwast Theodorus H 
Published: July 2015

AimsFirst, to determine the frequency of intravascular granulomas (IVGs) in seminomas and assess for the presence of entrapped seminoma cells. Second, to identify the relationship of this unusual form of vascular space invasion with tumour relapse and/or dissemination.Methods86 cases of seminoma were reviewed to identify IVGs. Immunostaining for OCT3/4 and CD68 was performed. Pathological stage, presence of conventional vascular and rete testis invasion, parenchymal granulomas and follow-up were recorded. Multivariable analysis incorporating tumour size, vascular invasion (conventional granulomas and IVGs) and rete testis invasion was performed.ResultsIVGs were identified in 13 cases (13/86). CD68 confirmed histiocytes in all cases. OCT3/4 identified tumour cells in 9/13 seminomas. 27 patients had disease progression with either dissemination at presentation (n=11) or relapse (n=16). Of these 27 patients, 8 had IVG (29.6%). By comparison, 6 of 57 clinical stage 1 seminomas that did not relapse had IVG (10.53%). Multivariable analysis revealed that no single parameter was statistically significant at predicting tumour relapse and/or dissemination (size: HR 1.65; CI 0.71 to 3.82, p=0.24, rete testis invasion: HR 1.04; CI 0.48 to 2.26, p=0.92, lymphovascular space invasion/IVG: HR 1.62; CI 0.65 to 4.01, p=0.30).ConclusionsIVGs may represent a previously unrecognised form of vascular space invasion in seminomas. Studies on larger cohorts are needed to demonstrate its clinical value.
The 1.3mm Full-Stokes Polarization System at CARMA
Authors: Hull Charles L. H. , Plambeck Richard L. 
Published: July 2015

The CARMA 1.3[Formula: see text]mm polarization system consists of dual-polarization receivers that are sensitive to right- (R) and left-circular (L) polarization, and a spectral-line correlator that measures all four cross polarizations ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) on each of the 105 baselines connecting the 15 telescopes. Each receiver comprises a single feed horn, a waveguide circular polarizer, an orthomode transducer (OMT), two heterodyne mixers, and two low-noise amplifiers (LNAs), all mounted in a cryogenically cooled dewar. Here we review the basics of polarization observations, describe the construction and performance of key receiver components (circular polarizer, OMT, and mixers — but not the correlator), and discuss in detail the calibration of the system, particularly the calibration of the R–L phase offsets and the polarization leakage corrections. The absolute accuracy of polarization position angle measurements was checked by mapping the radial polarization pattern across the disk of Mars. Transferring the Mars calibration to the well-known polarization calibrator 3C286, we find a polarization position angle of [Formula: see text] for 3C286 at 225[Formula: see text]GHz, consistent with other observations at millimeter wavelengths. Finally, we consider what limitations in accuracy are expected due to the signal-to-noise ratio, dynamic range, and primary beam polarization.
Distinctive Clinical Profile of Blacks Versus Whites Presenting With Sudden Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Reinier Kyndaron , Nichols Gregory A. , Huertas-Vazquez Adriana , Uy-Evanado Audrey , Teodorescu Carmen , Stecker Eric C. , Gunson Karen , Jui Jonathan , Chugh Sumeet S. 
Published: July 2015

Background—
Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is a major contributor to mortality, but data are limited among nonwhites. Identification of differences in clinical profile based on race may provide opportunities for improved SCA prevention.

Methods and Results—

In the ongoing Oregon Sudden Unexpected Death Study (SUDS), individuals experiencing SCA in the Portland, OR, metropolitan area were identified prospectively. Patient demographics, arrest circumstances, and pre-SCA clinical profile were compared by race among cases from 2002 to 2012 (for clinical history, n=126 blacks, n=1262 whites). Incidence rates were calculated for cases from the burden assessment phase (2002–2005; n=1077). Age-adjusted rates were 2-fold higher among black men and women (175 and 90 per 100 000, respectively) compared with white men and women (84 and 40 per 100 000, respectively). Compared with whites, blacks were >6 years younger at the time of SCA and had a higher prearrest prevalence of diabetes mellitus (52% versus 33%;
P
<0.0001), hypertension (77% versus 65%;
P
=0.006), and chronic renal insufficiency (34% versus 19%;
P
<0.0001). There were no racial differences in previously documented coronary artery disease or left ventricular dysfunction, but blacks had more prevalent congestive heart failure (43% versus 34%;
P
=0.04) and left ventricular hypertrophy (77% versus 58%;
P
=0.02) and a longer QTc interval (466±36 versus 453±41 milliseconds;
P
=0.03).

Conclusions—
In this US community, the burden of SCA was significantly higher in blacks compared with whites. Blacks with SCA had a higher prearrest prevalence of risk factors beyond established coronary artery disease, providing potential targets for race-specific prevention.
The Intellectual Pedigree of the Virtue of Magnanimity in the Jesuit Constitutions
Authors: Spinale Kevin 
Published: July 2015

The article traces the development of the virtue of magnanimity in Aristotle, Cicero, and Thomas Aquinas in order to assess John O’Malley’s claim that Section 728 of the Constitutions of the Society of Jesus represents a paraphrase of section i.66 of Cicero’s On Duties. For Aristotle, the virtue represents individual’s striving for greater virtue and honor. In Cicero, the virtue takes on Stoic characteristics and is tempered with justice and concern for the common good. Thomas Aquinas links the virtue to hope in initiating great enterprises and accomplishing great virtue in accord with God’s will. Ignatius uses magnanimity to indicate a virtue that synthesizes Cicero’s attention to the common good and Aquinas’s notion of hope in God’s providence. Ignatius combines this synthesis with his own inclination to take that which is excellent in others and generously incorporate it into the Society’s work in magnifying God’s glory.
Calibration and Validation of the Hybrid-Maize Crop Model for Regional Analysis and Application over the U.S. Corn Belt
Authors: Liu Xing , Andresen Jeff , Yang Haishun , Niyogi Dev 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Detailed parameter sensitivity, model validation, and regional calibration of the Hybrid-Maize crop model were undertaken for the purpose of regional agroclimatic assessments. The model was run at both field scale and county scale. The county-scale study was based on 30-yr daily weather data and corn yield data from the National Agricultural Statistics Service survey for 24 locations across the Corn Belt of the United States. The field-scale study was based on AmeriFlux sites at Bondville, Illinois, and Mead, Nebraska. By using the one-at-a-time and interaction-explicit factorial design approaches for sensitivity analysis, the study found that the five most sensitive parameters of the model were potential number of kernels per ear, potential kernel filling rate, initial light use efficiency, upper temperature cutoff for growing degree-days’ accumulation, and the grain growth respiration coefficient. Model validation results show that the Hybrid-Maize model performed satisfactorily for field-scale simulations with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 10 bu acre−1 despite the difficulties of obtaining hybrid-specific information. At the county scale, the simulated results, assuming optimal crop management, overpredicted the yields but captured the variability well. A simple regional adjustment factor of 0.6 rescaled the potential yield to actual yield well. These results highlight the uncertainties that exist in applying crop models at regional scales because of the limitations in accessing crop-specific information. This study also provides confidence that uncertainties can potentially be eliminated via simple adjustment factor and that a simple crop model can be adequately useful for regional-scale agroclimatic studies.
Applications of a Moist Nonhydrostatic Formulation of the Spectral Energy Budget to Baroclinic Waves. Part II: The Upper-Tropospheric Energy Spectra
Authors: Peng Jun , Zhang Lifeng , Guan Jiping 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
In this second part of a two-part study, a newly developed moist nonhydrostatic formulation of the spectral energy budget of both kinetic energy (KE) and available potential energy (APE) is employed to investigate the dynamics underlying the mesoscale upper-tropospheric energy spectra in idealized moist baroclinic waves. By calculating the conservative nonlinear spectral fluxes, it is shown that the inclusion of moist processes significantly enhances downscale cascades of both horizontal KE and APE. Moist processes act not only as a source of latent heat but also as an “atmospheric dehumidifier.” The latent heating, mainly because of the depositional growth of cloud ice, has a significant positive contribution to mesoscale APE. However, the dehumidifying reduces the diabatic contribution of the latent heating by 15% at all scales. Including moist processes also changes the direction of the mesoscale conversion between APE and horizontal KE and adds a secondary conversion of APE to gravitational energy of moist species. With or without moisture, the vertically propagating inertia–gravity waves (IGWs) produced in the lower troposphere result in a significant positive contribution to the upper-tropospheric horizontal KE spectra at the large-scale end of the mesoscale. However, including moist processes generates additional sources of IGWs located in the upper troposphere; the upward propagation of the convectively generated IGWs removes much of the horizontal KE there. Because of the restriction of the anelastic approximation, the three-dimensional divergence has no significant contribution. In view of conflicting contributions of various direct forcings, finally, an explicit comparison between the net direct forcing and energy cascade is made.
Analysis and Interpretation of Frequency–Wavenumber Spectra of Young Wind Waves
Authors: Leckler Fabien , Ardhuin Fabrice , Peureux Charles , Benetazzo Alvise , Bergamasco Filippo , Dulov Vladimir 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe energy level and its directional distribution are key observations for understanding the energy balance in the wind-wave spectrum between wind-wave generation, nonlinear interactions, and dissipation. Here, properties of gravity waves are investigated from a fixed platform in the Black Sea, equipped with a stereo video system that resolves waves with frequency f up to 1.4 Hz and wavelengths from 0.6 to 11 m. One representative record is analyzed, corresponding to young wind waves with a peak frequency fp = 0.33 Hz and a wind speed of 13 m s−1. These measurements allow for a separation of the linear waves from the bound second-order harmonics. These harmonics are negligible for frequencies f up to 3 times fp but account for most of the energy at higher frequencies. The full spectrum is well described by a combination of linear components and the second-order spectrum. In the range 2fp to 4fp, the full frequency spectrum decays like f−5, which means a steeper decay of the linear spectrum. The directional spectrum exhibits a very pronounced bimodal distribution, with two peaks on either side of the wind direction, separated by 150° at 4fp. This large separation is associated with a significant amount of energy traveling in opposite directions and thus sources of underwater acoustic and seismic noise. The magnitude of these sources can be quantified by the overlap integral I(f), which is found to increase sharply from less than 0.01 at f = 2fp to 0.11 at f = 4fp and possibly up to 0.2 at f = 5fp, close to the 0.5π value proposed in previous studies.
Monitoring and reporting of preanalytical errors in laboratory medicine: the UK situation
Authors: Cornes Michael P , Atherton Jennifer , Pourmahram Ghazaleh , Borthwick Hazel , Kyle Betty , West Jamie , Costelloe Seán J 
Published: July 2015

Background Most errors in the clinical laboratory occur in the preanalytical phase. This study aimed to comprehensively describe the prevalence and nature of preanalytical quality monitoring practices in UK clinical laboratories. Methods A survey was sent on behalf of the Association for Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine Preanalytical Working Group (ACB-WG-PA) to all heads of department of clinical laboratories in the UK. The survey captured data on the analytical platform and Laboratory Information Management System in use; which preanalytical errors were recorded and how they were classified and gauged interest in an external quality assurance scheme for preanalytical errors. Results Of the 157 laboratories asked to participate, responses were received from 104 (66.2%). Laboratory error rates were recorded per number of specimens, rather than per number of requests in 51% of respondents. Aside from serum indices for haemolysis, icterus and lipaemia, which were measured in 80% of laboratories, the most common errors recorded were booking-in errors (70.1%) and sample mislabelling (56.9%) in laboratories who record preanalytical errors. Of the laboratories surveyed, 95.9% expressed an interest in guidance on recording preanalytical error and 91.8% expressed interest in an external quality assurance scheme. Conclusions This survey observes a wide variation in the definition, repertoire and collection methods for preanalytical errors in the UK. Data indicate there is a lot of interest in improving preanalytical data collection. The ACB-WG-PA aims to produce guidance and support for laboratories to standardize preanalytical data collection and to help establish and validate an external quality assurance scheme for interlaboratory comparison.
Obstacles to Sustaining a Labor-Management Partnership: A Management Perspective
Authors: Milinski M. Scott 
Published: July 2015

Through a labor-management partnership, Fort Lauderdale had addressed a wide variety of service and workplace issues. Presenting a perceptive list of typical barriers to a labor-management partnership, the author exposes us to our own myths and internal obstacles as well as other difficulties to changing a labor-management relationship. Without minimizing the difficulties, this article makes it clear that the change can be made, but the fundamentals must be put in place. There are no cutting corners, and the partnership must be nurtured. The author makes us face up to the fact that the union and management have inherently different values and ways of conducting business and notes that these differences have to be understood and actually honored. Because labor-management cooperation will be a revolutionary change in most organizations, leadership on both sides will feel threatened by this shift. As a result, the author cautions us, it is necessary to pay conscious attention, among other things, to managing relationships, actively building trust and deciding where to initiate a labor-management effort. In a departure from the traditional view of a strict two-party relationship, the author points out the importance of alliances with others in the community who have a direct stake in the outcome of the partnership—or who have a stake in not having it go forward—and the importance of institutionalizing the partnership so that it is not just a function of a few individuals who have built trust. This article focuses serious HR professionals, managers and union leaders on what investment it will take to be successful in pursuing a cooperative labor-management relationship that produces real change in the service and cost results of a public agency. The presentation is simple and to the point. Parties seeking greater detail will find the Fort Lauderdale lessons echoed and elaborated in Chapter 4 of Working Together, the well-known Report of the Secretary of Labor's Task Force.
Consensus Bargaining in Wisconsin State Government: A New Approach to Labor Negotiation
Authors: Beil Martin , Litscher Jon E. 
Published: July 2015

Wisconsin, always one of the pioneers in public sector bargaining, has contributed here a move from traditional to cooperative bargaining. As in many jurisdictions, bargaining had developed in a way that produced a great deal of conflict, characterized by frequent and lengthy impasses, a grievance backlog that reached 1,400 arbitration cases and a public and political leadership that was losing patience. This jointly written article illustrates how change can begin, the role of statewide leadership, the resulting work behind the scenes and the possibilities. Since 1992, the Wisconsin Department of Employment Relations and the state's largest labor union, the 27,000-member Wisconsin State Employees Union (WSEU), have successfully used “consensus bargaining.” This cooperative, problem-solving approach contrasts sharply with the traditional adversarial and confrontational approach to bargaining. Consensus bargaining focuses on identifying and meeting bargainers' interests and creating a positive and constructive basis for discussions. This problem-solving approach has created more cooperative labor-management relations in Wisconsin State Government, reduced bargaining time, stimulated creative new contract provisions and helped develop a more positive and closer labor-management relationship. There are several keys to successful consensus negotiation: management and union leaders must be committed to the process; leaders must model cooperative behavior; bargainers should receive formal training in the process; negotiators must be candid throughout bargaining; and management and labor have to realize that reaching agreement on a contract is the beginning, not the end of creating a cooperative relationship. Wisconsin State Government, the WSEU, and other state employee unions have successfully used the consensus process and are committed to this cooperative approach.
The Workplace: A Battleground for Violence
Authors: Chenier Errol 
Published: July 2015

The workplace has become a battleground for violence in society. With so much violence in newspapers, on television, and in homes, the workplace is not immune to this crisis. Employers will have to plan strategies and implement programs that will protect employees from rising violence on the job. Policies and procedures, crisis management teams, security, and Employee Assistance Programs (EAP) will have to be in place if incidents should occur. Employers will have to modify their hiring practices and transform the workplace into a virtual fortress to protect employees. Security will now play a greater role in crisis management than ever before. Zero-tolerance must be the attitude of employers. Downsizing, firings, drug abuse, stress, reduction in pay while working longer hours, and domestic violence have attributed to workplace violence. Murder and physical assaults to workers occur more frequently in the areas of health care and social services than in any other occupation. Workers in retail establishments, taxi drivers, public service offices, and law enforcement also have high incidents of violence.
Plain Language Summary
Authors: Caspersen Leslie A. , Walter Lindsey M. , Walsh Sandra A. , Rosenfeld Richard M. , Piccirillo Jay F. 
Published: July 2015

Objective. This plain language summary serves as an overview in explaining sinusitis (pronounced sign‐you‐side‐tis). The purpose of this plain language summary is to provide patients with standard language explaining their condition in an easy‐to‐read format. This summary applies to those 18 years of age or older with sinusitis. The summary is featured as an FAQ (frequently asked question) format. The summary addresses how to manage and treat sinusitis symptoms. Adult sinusitis is often called a sinus infection. A healthcare provider may refer to a sinus infection as rhinosinusitis (pronounced rhi‐no‐sign‐you‐side‐tis). This includes the nose as well as the sinuses in the name. A sinus infection is the swelling of the sinuses and nasal cavity.The summary is based on the published 2015 “Clinical Practice Guideline: Adult Sinusitis.” The evidence‐based guideline includes research to support more effective diagnosis and treatment of adult sinus infections. The guideline was developed as a quality improvement opportunity for managing sinus infections by creating clear recommendations to use in medical practice.