bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ventral Segment‐Preserving Right Hepatectomy in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Lim Jin Hong , Choi Gi Hong , Choi Sung Hoon , Lee Hyung Soon , Kim Kyung Sik , Choi Jin Sub 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundTransection along the anterior fissure was proposed as a mechanism by which to open the third door of the liver. In this study, we investigated surgical outcomes of a ventral segment‐preserving right hepatectomy (VSPRH) compared with those of conventional right hepatectomy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsBetween January 2007 and December 2010, 595 primary HCC patients underwent liver resection at the authors’ institution. Among them, the 123 HCC patients who underwent a right hepatectomy were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were classified into two groups according to the type of resection: those who underwent a VSPRH (Group A; 27 cases) and those who underwent a conventional right hepatectomy (Group B; 96 cases).ResultsIn Group A, expected remnant liver volume after a right hepatectomy was calculated to be 32.1 ± 7.2 % of functional total liver volume (FTLV); remnant liver volume increased up to 54.7 ± 7.2 % of FTLV after a VSPRH. Clinicopathologic characteristics and intraoperative data did not differ between the two groups. The liver‐related complication rate was higher in Group B (P = 0.02). Overall survival and disease‐free survival rates were similar (3‐year disease‐free survival (Group A: 67.8 %; Group B: 71.7 %; P = 0.65); 3‐year overall survival (Group A: 91.7 %; Group B: 87.4 %; P = 0.26). In regard to long‐term synthetic function, the 1‐year postoperative serum albumin level was higher in Group A.ConclusionsA VSPRH yielded fewer liver‐related complications and similar long‐term oncologic outcomes, compared with conventional right hepatectomy in cirrhotic patients with a small left lobe volume. Therefore, VSPRH can be considered to be an alternative procedure for a right hepatectomy.
Ionic Liquids Increase the Catalytic Efficiency of a Lipase (Lip1) From an Antarctic Thermophilic Bacterium
Authors: Muñoz Patricio A. , Correa‐Llantén Daniela N. , Blamey Jenny M. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractLipases catalyze the hydrolysis and synthesis of triglycerides and their reactions are widely used in industry. The use of ionic liquids has been explored in order to improve their catalytic properties. However, the effect of these compounds on kinetic parameters of lipases has been poorly understood. A study of the kinetic parameters of Lip1, the most thermostable lipase from the supernatant of the strain ID17, a thermophilic bacterium isolated from Deception Island, Antarctica, and a member of the genus Geobacillus is presented. Kinetic parameters of Lip1 were modulated by the use of ionic liquids BmimPF6 and BmimBF4. The maximum reaction rate of Lip1 was improved in the presence of both salts. The highest effect was observed when BmimPF6 was added in the reaction mix, resulting in a higher hydrolytic activity and in a modulation of the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme. However, the catalytic efficiency did not change in the presence of BmimBF4. The increase of the reaction rates of Lip1 promoted by these ionic liquids could be related to possible changes in the Lip1 structure. This effect was measured by quenching of tryptophan fluorescence of the enzyme, when it was incubated with each liquid salt. In conclusion, the hydrolytic activity of Lip1 is modulated by the ionic liquids BmimBF4 and BmimPF6, improving the reaction rate and the catalytic efficiency of this enzyme when BmimPF6 was used. This effect is probably due to changes in the structure of Lip1 induced by the presence of these ionic liquids, stimulating its catalytic activity.
Effect of stacking sequence on physical, mechanical and tribological properties of glass-carbon hybrid composites
Authors: Agarwal Gaurav , Patnaik Amar , Sharma Rajesh kumar , Agarwal Jyoti 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
A study was done to determine the effect of best stacking sequence (position and orientation) on the mechanical properties, friction and wear response of hybrid composites. The main purpose of the study was to determine the best available stacking sequence for which the physical, mechanical and three body abrasive wear rate is optimum. Test for mechanical properties (tensile strength, flexural strength, inter laminar shear strength, impact strength and hardness) was done on glass-carbon hybrid composites. The composites were then subjected to test for three body abrasive wear on a designed experimental setup. Five different factors (sliding velocity, fabric weight percentage, normal load, sliding distance and abrasive particle size) varied in steps to evaluate the friction and three body abrasive wear response of the composites. The design of experiment using Taguchi’s orthogonal array and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to find out minimum specific wear rate. The results revealed the significance in arrangement of two different layers of fabric (glass and carbon) and the difference in properties obtained by them. Using Taguchi experimental analysis it has been observed that three body abrasive wear rate is minimum at 72 cm/s sliding velocity, 30 wt.% fabric content, 80 N normal load, 90 m sliding distance and 125 μm abrasive particle size. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) studies revealed the dynamics of three-body abrasive wear and underlying micro-mechanisms that result in the analysis of three body abrasive wear.
Taking Fetal Medicine to the Community
Authors: Gundabattula Sirisha R. , Fernandez Evita 
Published: December 2014

AbstractSupplementing prenatal care with ultrasound technology has a significant impact on improving maternal and perinatal health by identifying at-risk pregnancies and directing deliveries to hospital settings. Ectopic pregnancies, placenta praevia, multiple pregnancy, fetal malposition, and abnormal fetal growth are known to increase morbidity and mortality, and can be diagnosed using ultrasound. We are now able to predict complications in pregnancy as early as the 12th week. The routine use of fetal ultrasound and innovations in fetal therapy raise several moral dilemmas including the unequal distribution of supporting health care and nonavailability of these services to a large proportion of the population residing in developing countries. Several strategies are available to improve delivery of these services: central government provision, contracting out to the private sector and NGOs, decentralization to local governments and community participation. Focused training of fetal medicine specialists, midwives, nurses, and technicians and provision of supporting infrastructure can deliver results and possibly eliminate the disparities in health care.
Udder characteristics and effects of pulsation rate on milking machine efficiency in donkeys
Authors: D‘Alessandro Angela Gabriella , Mariano Michele , Martemucci Giovanni 
Published: December 2014

Very little is known about the udder characteristics, partitioning of milk in the mammary gland and efficiency of machine milking in donkeys. This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of the udder and teats, milk yield in relation to pulsation rates (90, 120 and 150 cycles/min), milk partitioning in the mammary gland, composition of the spontaneously removed and residual milk fractions and milking efficiency. Forty-one healthy Martina Franca jennies in the third month of lactation and routinely milked twice daily were used in three studies. Udder characteristics were evaluated by direct measurements and ultrasonographic scanning. Residual milk was obtained by milking after an oxytocin administration (40 IU i.m.). The prevalent shapes were ‘bowl’ for udders and ‘conical’ for teats. After milking the udder characteristics decreased within a range from −11·6% (udder depth) to −25·7% (diameter of teat at the base). The internal structures of the udder resulted as several pockets of ducts empting directly into the teat. The pulsation rate of 120 cycles/min improved (P<0·05) the milk yield in comparison to the 90 and 150 cycles/min, reduced the residual milk fraction, thus improved (P<0·05) milking efficiency. Residual milk composition had higher (P<0·05) fat content and somatic cell count than the spontaneously removed milk fraction. The udders revealed several pockets of ducts empting into the teat instead of a single cisternal cavity and showed a certain compliance. The use of 120 cycles/min pulsation rate improved milking efficiency.
Prevalence and behavioural risk factors ofStaphylococcus aureusnasal colonization in community-based injection drug users
Authors: LEUNG N. S. , PADGETT P. , ROBINSON D. A. , BROWN E. L. 
Published: December 2014

SUMMARYThe aims of this study were to identifyStaphylococcus aureusnasal colonization prevalence, behavioural risk factors, and to determine staphylococcal protein A (spa) types in community-based injection drug users (IDUs). Nasal swabs were collected and methicillin susceptibility testing andspa/SCCmectyping were performed onS. aureusisolates. Generalized estimating equations were used to report adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Of the 440 participants, 24·1% were colonized and 5·7% had methicillin-resistantS. aureus(MRSA). Colonization was associated with age, employment/marital status, and the presence of scabs but not with sexually transmitted disease co-infection, HIV status, antibiotic use, hospitalization, or drug treatment programme participation. The USA300 MRSA clonespatypes were most common, but 15/49spatypes were new to one of the international databases. Community-based IDUs appear to have different risk factors compared to IDUs from clinical studies. In addition, the number of newly identifiedspatypes indicates a diverse, understudied population.
Arrhythmias in the paediatric intensive care unit: a prospective study of the rates and predictors of arrhythmias in children without underlying cardiac disease
Authors: Cassel-Choudhury Gina N. , Aydin Scott I. , Toedt-Pingel Iris , Ushay H. Michael , Killinger James S. , Cohen Hillel W. , Ceresnak Scott R. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractObjectiveArrhythmias are common in patients admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit. We sought to identify the rates of occurrence and types of arrhythmias, and determine whether an arrhythmia was associated with illness severity and paediatric intensive care unit length of stay.DesignThis is a prospective, observational study of all patients admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit at the Children’s Hospital at Montefiore from March to June 2012. Patients with cardiac disease or admitted for the treatment of primary arrhythmias were excluded. Clinical and laboratory data were collected and telemetry was reviewed daily. Tachyarrhythmias were identified as supraventricular tachycardia, ventricular tachycardia, and arrhythmias causing haemodynamic compromise or for which an intervention was performed.ResultsA total of 278 patients met the inclusion criteria and were analysed. There were 97 incidences of arrhythmia in 53 patients (19%) and six tachyarrhythmias (2%). The most common types of arrhythmias were junctional rhythm (38%), premature atrial contractions (24%), and premature ventricular contractions (22%). Tachyarrhythmias included three supraventricular tachycardia (50%) and three ventricular tachycardia (50%). Of the six tachyarrhythmias, four were related to placement or migration of central venous lines and two occurred during aminophylline infusion. Patients with an arrhythmia had longer duration of mechanical ventilation and paediatric intensive care unit stay (p<0.001). In multivariate analysis, central venous lines (odds ratio 3.1; 95% confidence interval 1.3–7.2, p=0.009) and aminophylline use (odds ratio 5.1; 95% confidence interval 1.7–14.9, p=0.003) were independent predictors for arrhythmias.ConclusionsArrhythmias were common in paediatric intensive care unit patients (19%), although tachyarrhythmias occurred rarely (2%). Central venous lines and use of aminophylline were identified as two clinical factors that may be associated with development of an arrhythmia.
Association between household food access insecurity and nutritional status indicators among children aged <5 years in Nepal: results from a national, cross-sectional household survey
Authors: Sreeramareddy Chandrashekhar T , Ramakrishnareddy N , Subramaniam Mayoori 
Published: December 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association between household food insecurity score and Z-scores of childhood nutritional status indicators.DesignPopulation-based, cross-sectional survey, Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2011.SettingA nationally representative sample of 11 085 households selected by a two-stage, stratified cluster sampling design to interview eligible men and women.SubjectsChildren (n 2591) aged 0–60 months in a sub-sample of households selected for men’s interview.ResultsPrevalence of moderate and severe household food insecurity was 23·2 % and 19·0 %, respectively, for children aged 0–60 months. Weighted prevalence rates for stunting (height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) <−2), wasting (weight-for-height Z-score (WHZ) <−2) and underweight (weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ) <−2) were 41·6 % (95 % CI 38·9, 44·3 %), 11·5 % (95 % CI 9·8, 13·2 %) and 30·1 % (95 % CI 27·5, 32·8 %), respectively. Prevalences of stunting, severe stunting (HAZ<−3) and underweight by level of household food insecurity were statistically significant (P<0·001). By multiple linear regression analyses and after adjustment for sociodemographic, child and environmental factors, household food access insecurity score was associated with HAZ (β=−0·02, P=0·01) and WAZ (β=−0·01, P=0·01) but was not associated with WHZ and BMI-for-age Z-score. A 10-point increase in household food access insecurity score was associated with a decrease in HAZ of 0·2 (95 % CI 0·05, 0·39) and decrease in WAZ of 0·1 (95 % CI 0·03, 0·27).ConclusionsOur results from a nationally representative sample confirm the previously reported association of household food insecurity with stunting and underweight. Community nutrition interventions may use household food insecurity scales for identifying those households where children may be at risk of growth faltering.
Does Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion Have Advantages over Posterolateral Lumbar Fusion for Degenerative Spondylolisthesis?
Authors: Fujimori Takahito , Le Hai , Schairer William W. , Berven Sigurd H. , Qamirani Erion , Hu Serena S. 
Published: December 2014

Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Objective To compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) and posterolateral lumbar fusion (PLF) in the treatment of degenerative spondylolisthesis. Methods This study compared 24 patients undergoing TLIF and 32 patients undergoing PLF with instrumentation. The clinical outcomes were assessed by visual analog scale (VAS) for low back pain and leg pain, physical component summary (PCS) of the 12-item Short-Form Health Survey, and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Radiographic parameters included slippage of the vertebra, local disk lordosis, the anterior and posterior disk height, lumbar lordosis, and pelvic parameters. Results The improvement of VAS of leg pain was significantly greater in TLIF than in PLF unilaterally (3.4 versus 1.0; p = 0.02). The improvement of VAS of low back pain was significantly greater in TLIF than in PLF (3.8 versus 2.2; p = 0.02). However, there was no significant difference in improvement of ODI or PCS between TLIF and PLF. Reduction of slippage and the postoperative disk height was significantly greater in TLIF than in PLF. There was no significant difference in local disk lordosis, lumbar lordosis, or pelvic parameters. The fusion rate was 96% in TLIF and 84% in PLF ( p = 0.3). There was no significant difference in fusion rate, estimated blood loss, adjacent segmental degeneration, or complication rate. Conclusions TLIF was superior to PLF in reduction of slippage and restoring disk height and might provide better improvement of leg pain. However, the health-related outcomes were not significantly different between the two procedures.
Morphological Discrimination of Genetically Distinct Chinook Salmon Populations: an Example from California's Central Valley
Authors: Merz Joseph E. , Garrison Thomas M. , Bergman Paul S. , Blankenship Scott , Garza John Carlos 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe compared a length-at-date growth model to truss network (morphometric) models for classifying emigrating juvenile (age 0 through age 1) California Central Valley Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha to three genetically identified races at upstream (salmon generally younger and smaller) and downstream (salmon generally older and larger) monitoring stations. Morphometric models including capture date and head to standard length ratio performed better than the growth model at distinguishing genetically assigned fall-run and late fall-run juveniles; prediction accuracy increased from 54.6% to 63.8% for upstream salmon and from 17% to 73% for downstream salmon. The growth model may over inflate downstream estimates of federally listed Chinook Salmon by misidentifying fall and late-fall runs (nonlisted) as winter and spring runs (both listed) as much as 83% of the time. Morphometric models did not improve run assignment for the listed runs; the growth model outperformed morphometric models at downstream stations. Morphometric models including head shape and sample date had similar accuracy measures to models, including multiple fish measurement ratios, suggesting head shape is the strongest predictor of the juvenile Central Valley Chinook Salmon race. Our results indicate morphometric modeling can improve identification of nonlisted juvenile Central Valley Chinook Salmon from federally listed runs, potentially benefitting monitoring, water management, and protection of sensitive species.
Received May 5, 2014; accepted August 13, 2014
Hydric conditions during incubation influence phenotypes of neonatal reptiles in the field
Authors: Bodensteiner Brooke L. , Mitchell Timothy S. , Strickland Jeramie T. , Janzen Fredric J. 
Published: December 2014

Summary

Phenotypic variation is strongly impacted by environmental conditions experienced during development. Substantial laboratory research has shown that reptiles with flexible‐shelled eggs are particularly sensitive to hydric conditions, yet research on nests in the wild is sparse.

In this 2‐year field experiment, we explore the influence of hydric conditions during incubation on phenotypic traits of hatchling painted turtles (Chrysemys picta). Using a split‐clutch design, we created two artificial nests adjacent to each maternally selected nest site. Half the eggs incubated in a nest that received regular supplemental watering, while the control nest was exposed to natural precipitation only.

Our results suggest that the influence of the hydric environment on developing reptilian embryos is context dependent. Supplemental water applied to nests in a drier than normal season elicited the expected biotic responses, based on laboratory experiments. However, when the soil surrounding C. picta eggs was already highly moist, the additional water from supplemental application effectively stunted embryonic development.

Our experiment confirms that hydric conditions of the soil during incubation in the wild can substantially influence phenotypic variation of reptiles with flexible‐shelled eggs. Additionally, our experiment highlights the importance of complex interactions in the field that are often unexplored in laboratory experiments, reiterating the importance of validating laboratory work with field experiments.
Modern banking, collection, compatibility testing and storage of blood and blood components
Authors: Green L. , Allard S. , Cardigan R. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryThe clinical practice of blood transfusion has changed considerably over the last few decades. The potential risk of transfusion transmissible diseases has directed efforts towards the production of safe and high quality blood. All transfusion services now operate in an environment of ever‐increasing regulatory controls encompassing all aspects of blood collection, processing and storage. Stringent donor selection, identification of pathogens that can be transmitted through blood, and development of technologies that can enhance the quality of blood, have all led to a substantial reduction in potential risks and complications associated with blood transfusion. In this article, we will discuss the current standards required for the manufacture of blood, starting from blood collection, through processing and on to storage.
Effects of fermented soybean meal on innate immunity‐related gene expressions in nursery pigs acutely challenged with lipopolysaccharides
Authors: Roh Sang‐Gun , Carroll Jeffery A. , Kim Sung Woo 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis experiment was to determine if replacing soybean meal with fermented soybean meal (FSBM) would reduce the innate immune response after lipopolysaccharide challenge and the changes of gene expression profiles associated with this response. Forty‐eight 21 day‐old pigs were housed individually and fed three diets for 15 days: CON (a diet without FSBM or spray‐dried plasma protein; SDPP), PP7 (a diet with 7% SDPP), and FS10 (a diet with 10% FSBM). Pigs were fitted with a jugular vein catheters receiving lipopolysaccharide challenge (25 μg/kg body weight (BW)) on day 15. Blood was collected for 5 h at 30‐min intervals to measure cortisol. Expressions of gene transcripts in total RNA from leukocytes were compared using an oligonucleotide microarray at 210 min after lipopolysaccharides injection. Cortisol of FS10 was lower (P < 0.05) than CON after lipopolysaccharides challenge. The expression levels of 17 transcripts, including cytosolic glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S‐transferase A4‐4 were increased (P < 0.05), whereas 23 genes including adiponectin, neonatal Fc receptor and tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 5 were decreased (P < 0.05) in FS10. This study suggests that FSBM‐fed pigs can modulate expression of genes related to inflammatory response and anti‐oxidant activity which can be a potential reason for reduced serum cortisol.