bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Water-Soluble Polysaccharides in an Edible Medicinal Plant Epimedium: Method Development, Validation, and Application
Authors: Zhang Hua-Feng , Niu Li-Li , Yang Xiao-Hua , Li Lu 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Water-soluble polysaccharides are important constituents with evident health benefits in Epimedium. The aim of this study was to establish a specific, accurate, reproducible, and sensitive phenol-sulfuric acid method for the quantitative assay of Epimedium polysaccharides and to determine polysaccharides in Epimedium samples from Chinese markets. Galactose was adopted as the standard monosaccharide, and 486 nm was chosen as the detection wavelength. The optimal conditions for the color reaction were obtained using single factor experiments and an orthogonal test: temperature, 20°C; amount of 5% phenol, 0.3 mL; amount of concentrated sulfuric acid, 3.5 mL; incubation time, 20 min; and addition sequence, phenol-sample-sulfuric acid. The colored sample solution after chromogenic reaction exhibited high stability within 2 h. The calibration curve was linear within the range 5.00–60.00 μg/mL, and the correlation coefficient of the regression equation was 0.999. LOD and LOQ were 1.65 and 5.00 μg/mL, respectively. Recovery, intraday precision, interday precision, and accuracy were 97.43 to 103.80%, 0.73 to 3.48%, 1.21 to 2.75%, and 97.74 to 101.62%, respectively. Polysaccharides in 26 samples of Epimedium collected from different provinces of China were quantified by the proposed colorimetric method, and a large variation of contents of polysaccharides was observed among these samples.
Statistical Correlation of the Soil Incubation and the Accelerated Laboratory Extraction Methods to Estimate Nitrogen Release Rates of Slow- and Controlled-Release Fertilizers
Authors: Medina L Carolina , Sartain Jerry B , Obreza Thomas A , Leary Emily , Hall William L , Thiex Nancy J 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Several technologies have been proposed to characterize the nutrient release patterns of enhanced-efficiency fertilizers (EEFs) during the last few decades. These technologies have been developed mainly by manufacturers and are product- specific based on the regulation and analysis of each EEF product. Despite previous efforts to characterize nutrient release of slow-release fertilizer (SRF) and controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) materials, no official method exists to assess their nutrient release patterns. However, the increased production and distribution of EEFs in specialty and nonspecialty markets requires an appropriate method to verify nutrient claims and material performance. Nonlinear regression was used to establish a correlation between the data generated from a 180-day soil incubation-column leaching procedure and 74 h accelerated lab extraction method, and to develop a model that can predict the 180-day nitrogen (N) release curve for a specific SRF and CRF product based on the data from the accelerated laboratory extraction method. Based on the R2 &gt; 0.90 obtained for most materials, results indicated that the data generated from the 74 h accelerated lab extraction method could be used to predict N release from the selected materials during 180 days, including those fertilizers that require biological activity for N release.
Determination of Abamectin Residues in Edible Oils by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection
Authors: Miao Xue-Xue , Yang Yuan-Yuan , Yang Xiao-Yun , Huang Qi-Liang , Hong Hai 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
A rapid and simple HPLC-fluorescence detection method has been developed for the determination of abamectin residues in edible oil. Residues are extracted with acetonitrile and by vortexing and then directly derivatized with no need for a time-consuming cleanup step. Trifluoroacetic anhydride and N-methylimidazole were used as derivatizing agents of abamectin. Abamectin was detected and quantitated with fluorescence detection (excitation: 365 nm; emission: 475 nm), and methanol was used as the mobile phase. The LOD was 0.001 mg/kg and the LOQ was 0.003 mg/kg. The recoveriesranged from 86 to 100.4% with satisfactory precision (RSD &lt; 10.1%). This method proved to be sensitive, environmentally friendly, time-saving, and efficient.
InstantLabs®Listeria monocytogenes Food Safety Kit
Authors: Sharma Neil , Bambusch Lauren , Le Thu , Morey Amit 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The InstantLabs®Listeria monocytogenes Food Safety Kit was validated against the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) reference method 11290-1 for the detection of Listeria monocytogenes and other Listeria species. The matrixes (stainless steel, sealed concrete, ice cream, whole milk, cheddar cheese, raw shrimp, hot dogs, deli turkey, and lettuce) were inoculated with approximately 1 CFU/test portion of L. monocytogenes to generate fractional positives (5–15) in 20 inoculated samples. Enrichments were also fractionally inoculated with L. grayii for side-by-side testing of the Listeria Species Food Safety Kit. Stainless steel and sealed concrete samples were validated using 4 × 4″ and 1 × 1″ test areas, respectively, and enriched in Buffered Listeria Enrichment Broth (BLEB) at 35 ± 1°C for 22–28 h. All food samples were tested at 25 g and enriched in BLEB at 35 ± 1°C for 24–28 h. All samples were confirmed using the ISO reference method, regardless of initial screen result. The InstantLabs test method performed as well as or better than the reference method for the detection of L. monocytogenes on stainless steel and sealed concrete and in ice cream, whole milk, cheddar cheese, raw shrimp, hot dogs, deli turkey, and lettuce. Inclusivity and exclusivity testing revealed no false negatives and no false positives among the 50 L. monocytogenes serovars and 30 non-L. monocytogenes species examined. The method was shown to be robust when the enrichment times, volumes for DNA extraction, and heat block times were varied.
Determination of Kjeldahl Nitrogen in Fertilizers by AOAC Official MethodSM 978.02: Effect of Copper Sulfate as a Catalyst
Authors: Abrams Dean , Metcalf David , Hojjatie Michael 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
In AOAC Official MethodSM 955.04, Nitrogen (Total) in Fertilizers, Kjeldahl Method, fertilizer materials are analyzed using mercuric oxide or metallic mercury (HgO or Hg) as a catalyst. AOAC Official MethodSM 970.02, Nitrogen (Total) in Fertilizers is a comprehensive total nitrogen (including nitrate nitrogen) method adding chromium metal. AOAC Official MethodSM 978.02, Nitrogen (Total) in Fertilizers is a modified comprehensive nitrogen method used to measure total nitrogen in fertilizers with two types of catalysts. In this method, either copper sulfate or chromium metal is added to analyze for total Kjeldahl nitrogen. In this study, the part of AOAC Official MethodSM 978.02 that is for nitrate-free fertilizer products was modified. The objective was to examine the necessity of copper sulfate as a catalyst for the nitrate-free fertilizer products. Copper salts are not environmentally friendly and are considered pollutants. Products such as ammonium sulfate, diammonium phosphate, monoammonium phosphate, urea-containing fertilizers such as isobutylene diurea (IBDU), and urea-triazone fertilizer solutions were examined. The first part of the study was to measure Kjeldahl nitrogen as recommended by AOAC Official MethodSM 978.02. The second part of the study was to exclude the addition of copper sulfate from AOAC Official MethodSM 978.02 to examine the necessity of copper sulfate as a catalyst in nitrate-free fertilizers, which was the primary objective. Our findings indicate that copper sulfate can be eliminated from the method with no significant difference in the results for the nitrogen content of the fertilizer products.
SAS™ Molecular tests Escherichia coli O157 Detection Kit
Authors: Bapanpally Chandra , Montier Laura , Khan Shah , Kasra Akif , Brunelle Sharon L 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The SAS™ Molecular tests Escherichia coli O157 Detection method, a loop-mediated isothermal amplification method, performed as well as or better than the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety Inspection Service Microbiology Laboratory Guidebook and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Bacteriological Analytical Manual reference methods for ground beef, beef trim, bagged mixed lettuce, and fresh spinach. Ground beef (30% fat, 25 g test portion) was validated for 7–8 h enrichment, leafy greens were validated in a 6–7 h enrichment, and ground beef (30% fat, 375 g composite test portion) and beef trim (375 g composite test portion) were validated in a 16–20 h enrichment. The method performance for meat and leafy green matrixes was also shown to be acceptable under conditions of co-enrichment with Salmonella. Thus, after a short co-enrichment step, ground beef, beef trim, lettuce, and spinach can be tested for both Salmonella and E. coli O157. The SAS Molecular tests Salmonella Detection Kit was validated using the same test portions as for the SAS Molecular tests E. coli O157 Detection Kit and those results are presented in a separate report. Inclusivity and exclusivity testing revealed no false negatives and no false positives among the 50 E. coli O157 strains, including H7 and non-motile strains, and 30 non-E. coli O157 strains examined. Finally, the method was shown to be robust when variations to DNA extract hold time and DNA volume were varied. The method comparison and robustness data suggest a full 7 h enrichment time should be used for 25 g ground beef test portions.
SAS™ Molecular Tests Salmonella Detection Kit
Authors: Bapanpally Chandra , Montier Laura , Khan Shah , Kasra Akif , Brunelle Sharon L 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The SAS™ Molecular tests Salmonella Detection method, a Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification method, performed as well as or better than the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Food Safety Inspection Service Microbiology Laboratory Guidebook and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Bacteriological Analytical Manual reference methods for ground beef, beef trim, ground turkey, chicken carcass rinses, bagged mixed lettuce, and fresh spinach. The ground beef (30% fat, 25 g test portion), poultry matrixes and leafy greens were validated in a 6–7 h enrichment, and ground beef (30% fat, 375 g composite test portion) and beef trim (375 g composite test portion) were validated in a 16–20 h enrichment. The method performance for meat and leafy green matrixes was shown to be acceptable under conditions of co-enrichment with Escherichia coli O157. Thus, after a short 6–7 h co-enrichment step, ground beef, beef trim, lettuce, and spinach can be tested for both Salmonella and E. coli O157. Inclusivity and exclusivity testing revealed no false negatives and no false positives among the 100 Salmonella serovars and 30 non- Salmonella species examined. The method was shown to be robust when enrichment time, DNA extract hold time, and DNA volume were varied.
Determination of Ochratoxin A in Capsicum spp. (Paprika and Chili) by Immunoaffinity Column Cleanup and Liquid Chromatography: Collaborative Study
Authors: Kunsagi Zoltan , Stroka Joerg ,   Collaborators:, Abilleira E , Bastijns P , Berger M , Cepurnieks G , Coluccia S J , Griffin J , M-Herry P , Keegan J R , Kormali P , Lim C W , MacDonald S , Muranszky G , Nuotio K , Postupolski J , Solyakov A , Staiger S , Toome M , Toth E , Vancutsem J , Veitch C , Yustes C 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
A method validation study for the determination of ochratoxin A in Capsicum spp. (paprika and chili) was conducted according to the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry harmonized protocol. The method is based on the extraction of samples with aqueous methanol, followed by an immunoaffinity column cleanup. The determination is carried out by RP-HPLC coupled with a fluorescence detector. The study involved 21 participants representing a cross-section of research, private, and official control laboratories from 14 European Union (EU) Member States and Singapore. Mean recoveries reported ranged from 83.7 to 87.5%. The RSD for repeatability (RSDr) ranged from 1.7 to 14.3%. The RSD for reproducibility (RSDR) ranged from 9.1 to 27.5%, reflecting HorRat values from 0.4 to 1.3 according to the Horwitz function modified by Thompson. The correction for recovery of results from naturally contaminated samples further improved the reproducibility of the method. The method showed acceptable within-laboratory and between-laboratory precision for each matrix, and it conforms to requirements set by current EU legislation.
Evaluation of Commonly Used Methods for the Analysis of Acid-Soluble Phosphate in Internationally Traded Inorganic Fertilizers
Authors: Hall William L , Siegel Sanford 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Several methodologies are used throughout the world to determine phosphate concentration (measured as PO4 and expressed as % P2O5) in fertilizers. Concentrated phosphate materials, including diammonium phosphate (DAP) and monoammonium phosphate (MAP), are traded in large volumes (millions of metric tons) internationally. The International Fertilizer Association (IFA) identified a need to assess the methods currently being used to measure the phosphate content for suitability (scope), accuracy, and repeatability. Even small discrepancies in the expressed P2O5 content can have a major financial impact on buyers and sellers as contracts are settled and import regulations are imposed. The IFA's Technical Committee selected a working group to address issues dealing with harmonization of fertilizer sampling and analytical methodologies. The working group identified phosphate content in DAP and MAP fertilizers as a major concern for commerce. The working group initiated a method screening and comparison project to assess method performance and to determine which methods, if any, could be considered best practice methods and, therefore, be deemed acceptable for use by the industry. In order to systematically review the acceptability of methods for consideration, the task force developed an assessment protocol outlined in a white paper involving three steps: (1) compile all known relevant methods practiced in global fertilizer trade, (2) review and evaluate methods based upon specific evaluation criteria, and (3) compare the methods that most closely fit the evaluation criteria by multilaboratory analysis of unknown materials for accuracy and repeatability. Six methods were evaluated for analysis of total phosphate in concentrated phosphate products. From these methods, four were determined to be acceptable as best practice methods. The study members proposed three of the methods, while a fourth method was commonly used among the participating laboratories. This publication is a summary of the method comparison process and statistical evaluation of analysis of total phosphate content in concentrated phosphate fertilizers.
Determination of Total Sulfur in Fertilizers by High Temperature Combustion: Single-Laboratory Validation
Authors: Bernius Jean , Kraus Sabine , Hughes Sandra , Margraf Dominik , Bartos James , Newlon Natalie , Sieper Hans-Peter 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
A single-laboratory validation study was conducted for the determination of total sulfur (S) in a variety of common, inorganic fertilizers by combustion. The procedure involves conversion of S species into SO2 through combustion at 1150°C, absorption then desorption from a purge and trap column, followed by measurement by a thermal conductivity detector. Eleven different validation materials were selected for study, which included four commercial fertilizer products, five fertilizers from the Magruder Check Sample Program, one reagent grade product, and one certified organic reference material. S content ranged between 1.47 and 91% as sulfate, thiosulfate, and elemental and organically bound S. Determinations of check samples were performed on 3 different days with four replicates/day. Determinations for non-Magruder samples were performed on 2 different days. Recoveries ranged from 94.3 to 125.9%. ABS SL absolute SD among runs ranged from 0.038 to 0.487%. Based on the accuracy and precision demonstrated here, it is recommended that this method be collaboratively studied for the determination of total S in fertilizers.
New Microbiological Assay for Determination of Caspofungin in the Presence of Its Degradation Products and Its Measurement Uncertainty
Authors: Ghisleni Daniela Dal Molim , Okamoto Rogério Takao , Amaral Cleide Maria de Oliveira , Lourenço Felipe Rebello , Pinto Terezinha de Jesus Andreoli 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Caspofungin is an echinocandin antifungal used in the treatment of invasive fungal infections. Several methods have been reported for the quantitative analysis of echinocandins; however, there is no microbiological assay for determination of caspofungin potency in the presence of its degradation products. This study aimed to develop and validate a microbiological method for quantitative analysis of caspofungin in lyophilized powder, evaluate the stability, and determinate the degradation kinetics of the drug when the finished product is submitted to heat stress. A procedure was established to estimate measurement uncertainty for routine analysis. The validation was performed as recommended in the current official guidelines. The agar diffusion method is based on the inhibitory effect of caspofungin on Candida albicans. Results showed selectivity, linearity, precision, and accuracy of the method. Statistical analysis demonstrated that method is linear (in the range 2.5 to 16 μg/mL, y = 15.73 + 6.4x, r2 = 0.9965), precise (intermediate precision: 2.54%), and accurate (recovery range: 95.01–102.46%). The proposed method allowed evaluation of the thermal stability of the drug at 80°C for 120 min and determination of first order degradation kinetics. The variability of inhibition zone sizes was the most important source of uncertainty at about 87% of the overall uncertainty (103.0 ± 1.7%). These results show that the proposed method is applicable to routine laboratory testing, and is sensitive to thermal degradation of caspofungin.
Evaluation of the ANSR® for Salmonella Assay for Identification of Salmonella spp. from Colony Picks from Selective/Differential Agar Media: First Action 2013.14
Authors: Mozola Mark , Botimer Maximilian , Jagadics Carolyn , Norton Paul , Caballero Oscar , Enslin Nicole , Biswas Preetha , Rice Jennifer ,   Collaborators:, Adams E S , Alnughaymishi H , Barrett J B , Benzinger J , Berrang M E , Boyle M , Cannon J , Clark D , Copeland A , Corebello M , Cosby D E , Cox N A , Cuthbert N , Dammann H , Dyszel J , Feldpausch E , Flannery J , Flores C , Frye J G , Fuller R , Gill V , Hiott L M , Howard B , Hudgens M , Jackson C R , Jones W , Knapp S W , Kuepfer L , Kulkarni P , Kupski B , Pidgeon C , Quenneville A , Rigsby L L , Rogman N , Sai E , Scollon A , Sisemore M , Stepnitz J , Van Brunt J , Vross M , Waltman D , Wang H , Whitbeck G , York S , Zhang L 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
A collaborative study was conducted to evaluate performance of the ANSR® for Salmonella assay for identification of Salmonella spp. from colony picks taken from selective/differential agar media. The ANSR Salmonella assay is an isothermal nucleic acid amplification test based on the nicking enzyme amplification reaction chemistry. The test can be completed in less than 40 min including sample preparation. A total of 18 laboratories representing industry, government, academic, and commercial testing laboratories participated in the study. Each collaborator tested up to 84 samples, comprised of colony picks of six Salmonella spp. and six non-salmonellae taken from six selective/differential agar media as well as tryptic soy agar. A total of 1441 analyses were performed, 1416 of which gave the correct identification, for overall accuracy of 98.3%. For identification of Salmonella spp., 755 of 756 tests (99.9%) produced the correct result. For identification of non-salmonellae as such, 661 of 685 assays (96.5%) produced the correct result. Of the 18 laboratories, 15 produced data sets with 99–100% accuracy. The majority of false-positive results were clustered in three laboratories; analysis of raw data suggests procedural difficulties in at least two cases, which may explain the atypical data from these collaborators. The ANSR Salmonella assay can be used as a rapid, accurate adjunct or alternative to biochemical testing for identification of presumptive Salmonella spp. isolates.
Lung Transplant or Bust: Patients' Recommendations for Ideal Lung Transplant Education
Authors: Davis LaShara A. , Ryszkiewicz Eric , Schenk Emily , Peipert John , LaSee Claire , Miller Carol , Richardson Greg , Ridolfi Gene , Trulock Elbert P. , Patterson G. Alexander , Waterman Amy 
Published: June 2014

Context Effective lung transplant education helps ensure informed decision making by patients and better transplant outcomes. Objective To understand the educational needs and experiences of lung transplant patients. Design Mixed-method study employing focus groups and patient surveys. Setting Barnes-Jewish Hospital in St Louis, Missouri. Patients 50 adult lung transplant patients: 23 pretransplant and 27 posttransplant. Main Outcome Measures Patients' interest in receiving specific transplant information, the stage in the transplant process during which they wanted to receive the education, and the preferred format for presenting the information. Results Patients most wanted information about how to sustain their transplant (72%), when to contact their coordinator immediately (56%), transplant benefits (56%), immunosuppressants (54%), and possible out-of-pocket expenses (52%). Patients also wanted comprehensive information early in the transplant process and a review of a subset of topics immediately before transplant (time between getting the call that a potential donor has been found and getting the transplant). Patients reported that they would use Internet resources (74%) and converse with transplant professionals (68%) and recipients (62%) most often. Discussion Lung transplant patients are focused on learning how to get a transplant and ensuring its success afterwards. A comprehensive overview of the evaluation, surgery, and recovery process at evaluation onset with a review of content about medications, pain management, and transplant recovery repeated immediately before surgery is ideal.