bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fidelity of Implementation of Research‐Based Instructional Strategies (RBIS) in Engineering Science Courses
Authors: Borrego Maura , Cutler Stephanie , Prince Michael , Henderson Charles , Froyd Jeffrey E. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundIncreasing attention is being paid to improvement in undergraduate science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education through increased adoption of research‐based instructional strategies (RBIS), but high‐quality measures of faculty instructional practice do not exist to monitor progress.Purpose/HypothesisThe measure of how well an implemented intervention follows the original is called fidelity of implementation. This theory was used to address the research questions: What is the fidelity of implementation of selected RBIS in engineering science courses? That is, how closely does engineering science classroom practice reflect the intentions of the original developers? Do the critical components that characterize an RBIS discriminate between engineering science faculty members who claimed use of the RBIS and those who did not?Design/MethodA survey of 387 U.S. faculty teaching engineering science courses (e.g., statics, circuits, thermodynamics) included questions about class time spent on 16 critical components and use of 11 corresponding RBIS. Fidelity was quantified as the percentage of RBIS users who also spent time on corresponding critical components. Discrimination between users and nonusers was tested using chi square.ResultsOverall fidelity of the 11 RBIS ranged from 11% to 80% of users spending time on all required components. Fidelity was highest for RBIS with one required component: case‐based teaching, just‐in‐time teaching, and inquiry learning. Thirteen of 16 critical components discriminated between users and nonusers for all RBIS to which they were mapped.ConclusionsResults were consistent with initial mapping of critical components to RBIS. Fidelity of implementation is a potentially useful framework for future work in STEM undergraduate education.
Light sheet based imaging flow cytometry on a microfluidic platform
Authors: regmi Raju , Mohan Kavya , Mondal Partha P. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTWe propose a light sheet based imaging flow cytometry technique for simultaneous counting and imaging of cells on a microfluidic platform. Light sheet covers the entire microfluidic channel and thus omits the necessity of flow focusing and point scanning based technology. Another advantage lies in the orthogonal detection geometry that totally cuts‐off the incident light, thereby substantially reducing the background in the detection. Compared to the existing state‐of‐art techniques the proposed technique shows marked improvement. Using fluorescently‐coated Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells we have recorded cell counting with throughput as high as 2,090 cells/min in the low flow rate regime and were able to image the individual cells on‐the‐go. Overall, the proposed system is cost‐effective and simple in channel geometry with the advantage of efficient counting in operational regime of low laminar flow. This technique may advance the emerging field of microfluidic based cytometry for applications in nanomedicine and point of care diagnostics. Microsc. Res. Tech. 76:1101–1107, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Patients infected with HIV are at high‐risk for hepatitis E virus infection in Spain
Authors: Mateos‐Lindemann Maria Luisa , Diez‐Aguilar María , Galdamez Ana L. Gonzalez , Galán Juan Carlos , Moreno Ana , Pérez‐Gracia María Teresa 
Published: October 2013

AbstractHepatitis E virus is responsible for sporadic cases of acute, self‐limited viral hepatitis not only in endemic but also in industrialized countries. In addition, some reports confirm that it can cause chronic infection and even cirrhosis in immunosuppressed and also in patients infected with HIV. There are few data about prevalence and incidence of HEV chronic infection in HIV‐HEV coinfected individuals in Spain. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of anti‐HEV IgG in a representative sample of 448 patients infected with HIV and determine the role of age, gender, and CD4 counts in the detection of anti‐HEV IgG antibodies in blood. In addition, the clinical features and ALT levels in relation to the presence of anti‐HEV IgM and/or HEV‐RNA in the blood of these patients were investigated. Anti‐HEV IgG antibodies were detected in serum using a commercial enzyme immunoassay. All positive samples were studied further for the presence of anti‐HEV IgM antibodies. In addition, HEV RNA was amplified by reverse transcriptase (RT)‐nested PCR in all serum samples with IgM anti‐HEV. The overall prevalence of anti‐HEV IgG was 10.4% (45/448, 95% C.I. 7.2–12.8%). HEV‐RNA was found in only one patient out of the 45 anti‐HEV IgG positive samples studied. Regarding to gender and CD4 count, no difference in seroprevalence could be observed. This prevalence data suggest that patients infected with HIV can be considered a risk group for HEV infection and that chronic coinfection HEV‐HIV seems to be a very rare event. J. Med. Virol. 86:71–74, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Integral and analytical models for evaluating the distance of compliance
Authors: Bavastro Davide , Canova Aldo , Giaccone Luca , Manca Michele 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYThis paper deals with the magnetic field generated by medium‐voltage/low‐voltage substations. Particularly, the paper focuses on the computation of the distance of compliance that is defined as the minimum distance from a field source for having field levels lower than a given threshold. In the first part of the paper, some 3D integral models are proposed to compute the magnetic field generated by each field source present in substations (transformers, cables, etc...). In the second part of the paper, we make use of these integral models to develop a simplified analytical approach for the computation of an approximate distance of compliance, that is, a conservative distance that includes the previously mentioned distance of compliance. The advantage of this approach is that it is composed of simple equations that are very easy to be implemented without losing the tridimensionality of the problem. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combined application of low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound and functional electrical stimulation accelerates bone–tendon junction healing in a rabbit model
Authors: Hu Jianzhong , Qu Jin , Xu Daqi , Zhang Tao , Qin Ling , Lu Hongbin 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to elucidate the combined use of low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) and functional electrical stimulation (FES) on patella–patellar tendon (PPT) junction healing using a partial patellectomy model in rabbits. LIPUS was delivered continuously starting day 3 postoperative until week 6. FES was applied on quadriceps muscles to induce tensile force to the repaired PPT junction 5 days per week for 6 weeks since week 7 postoperatively. Forty rabbits with partial patellectomy were randomly divided into four groups: control, LIPUS alone, FES alone, and LIPUS + FES groups. At week 12, the PPT complexes were harvested for histology, radiographs, peripheral quantitative computed tomography, and biomechanical testing. There was better remodeling of newly formed bone and fibrocartilage zone in the three treatment groups compared with the control group. LIPUS and/or FES treatments significantly increased the area and bone mineral content of new bone. The failure load and ultimate strength of PPT complex were also highly improved in the three treatment groups. More new bone formed and higher tensile properties were showed in the LIPUS + FES group compared with the LIPUS or FES alone groups. Early LIPUS treatment and later FES treatment showed the additive effects of accelerating PPT junction healing. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:204–209, 2014.
Polyhedral Oligosilsesquioxane (POSS) Nanoparticle Localization in Ordered Structures Formed by Solvated Block Copolymers
Authors: Sarkar Biswajit , Ayandele Ebunoluwa , Venugopal Vinithra , Alexandridis Paschalis 
Published: October 2013

The coassembly of polyhedral oligosilsesquioxanes (POSS) of two different surface chemistries is considered, one hydrophilic, poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), and the other hydrophobic, isobutyl (iB), in cylindrical structures formed by hydrated poly(ethylene oxide)‐poly(propylene oxide)‐poly(ethylene oxide) block copolymer, Pluronic P105 (EO37PO56EO37). Incorporation of PEO‐POSS by replacing an equal mass of water results in an increase in the lattice parameter (d), which is attributed to an increase in the degree of block segregation. In the case of adding PEO‐POSS at a fixed Pluronic P105/water ratio, d ~ φpolymer‐0.7, which suggests that PEO‐POSS particles are located inside the hydrated PEO domains. Incorporation of iB‐POSS in the water‐in‐xylene cylindrical structure causes an order‐to‐order phase transition to a bicontinuous cubic structure, which suggests that iB‐POSS decreases the degree of block segregation by locating at the PEO‐PPO interfacial regions. The nanoparticle versus molecule nature of POSS is discussed by comparing POSS effects to those of 10.6 nm diameter deprotonated silica nanoparticles and of glycerol or glucose.
image
Concentration Fluctuations and Segmental Dynamics in Weakly Dynamic Asymmetric Blends in the Presence of Surface‐Functionalized Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Sharma Keshav , Sharma Maya , Chandra Aman , Bose Suryasarathi 
Published: October 2013

Surface‐functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are incorporated in poly(methyl methacrylate)/styrene acrylonitrile (PMMA/SAN) blends and the pretransitional regime is monitored in situ by melt rheology and dielectric spectroscopy. As the blends exhibit weak dynamic asymmetry, the obvious transitions in the melt rheology due to thermal concentration fluctuations are weak. This is further supported by the weak temperature dependence of the correlation length (ξ ≈ 10–12 Å) in the vicinity of demixing. Hence, various rheological techniques in both the temperature and frequency domains are adopted to evaluate the demixing temperature. The spinodal decomposition temperature is manifested in an increase in the miscibility gap in the presence of MWCNTs. Furthermore, MWCNTs lead to a significant slowdown of the segmental dynamics in the blends. Thermally induced phase separation in the PMMA/SAN blends lead to selective localization of MWCNTs in the PMMA phase. This further manifests itself in a significant increase in the melt conductivity.
image
Controlled Thiol‐Ene Functionalization of Polyferrocenylsilane‐block‐Polyvinylsiloxane Copolymers
Authors: Lunn David J. , Boott Charlotte E. , Bass Kelly E. , Shuttleworth Timothy A. , McCreanor Niall G. , Papadouli Sofia , Manners Ian 
Published: October 2013

A general route for the controlled functionalization of polyferrocenylsilane‐block‐polyvinylsiloxane copolymers, which should be transferable to other silicone‐based materials, is developed utilizing the photoinitiated thiol‐ene reaction. Poly(ferrocenyldimethylsilane)54‐block‐poly(methylvinylsiloxane)510 (PFDMS54‐b‐PMVS510) is synthesized via sequential living anionic polymerization and quantitatively functionalized with a range of thiols, with the aim of tuning the solubility of the resulting materials for self‐assembly studies or incorporating more complex functionality for subsequent applications. When functionalization is attempted using a deficit of thiol, the photoinitiator 2,2‐dimethoxy‐2‐phenylacetophenone, used to accelerate the radical reaction, is found to cause significant cross‐linking of the polysiloxane chain. Reproducible percentage thiol‐ene functionalization of the polysiloxane block can be achieved by the use of PFDMS53‐b‐PMVS58/PDMS444 (PDMS = polydimethylsiloxane), prepared by the copolymerization of cyclic siloxane monomers, [Me(CHCH2)SiO]3 and [Me2SiO]3, to tune the vinyl group incorporation pre‐functionalization.
image
Zooarchaeological and Stable Isotopic Assessments on Pinniped–Human Relations in the Beagle Channel (Tierra del Fuego, Southern South America)
Authors: Zangrando A . F. , Panarello H. , Piana E.  L. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTRecent zooarchaeological investigations in the Beagle Channel region have shown long‐term variations characterised by a high inter‐taxonomic dominance of pinnipeds during the first moments of the archaeological sequence (ca 6400bp) at the Túnel Locality and a decrease in the relative importance of this resource and a diversification of subsistence in that place since 5500bp. Two possible explanations for these variations are evaluated: (i) variations in foraging habits of pinnipeds that would lead to changes in the degree of predictability or access to the resource and (ii) a reduction in resource availability because of increased human predation pressure. To analyse these arguments, this paper presents and discusses the results of an analysis of stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) from collagen samples of South American fur seals (Arctocephalus australis) and representations of age and size of pinnipeds in the archaeological record of Túnel. Stable isotope analyses suggest that there were variations in the foraging behaviour of southern fur seals at the same time that zooarchaeological analyses record decreases of the ages and sizes of the hunted prey. On the basis of these results, an increase of hunter–gatherer predation pressure on pinnipeds to the Middle–Late Holocene in southern South America is suggested. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
From youth worker professional development to organizational change
Authors: Rana Sheetal , Baumgardner Briana , Germanic Ofir , Graff Randy , Korum Kathy , Mueller Megan , Randall Steve , Simmons Tim , Stokes Gina , Xiong Will , Peterson Karen Kolb 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAn ongoing, innovative youth worker professional development is described in this article. This initiative began as youth worker professional development and then transcended to personal and organizational development. It grew from a moral response of Saint Paul Parks and Recreation staff and two faculty members of Youth Studies, University of Minnesota to offer higher‐quality services to youth for their healthy development. Its underlying philosophies and ethos included building and sustaining meaningful relationships, cocreating a space for learning and change, becoming a reflecting practitioner, and community organizing. This professional development responded to the participants' interests and needs or to local situations in that moment, that space, and the discussions, and took on different shapes at different times. There were many accomplishments of, challenges and barriers to, and lessons learned from this professional development.
From lessons learned to emerging practices
Authors: Baizerman Michael , Roholt Ross VeLure , Korum Kathy , Rana Sheetal 
Published: October 2013

AbstractOrganizational development is based in part on knowledge development, both formal, scientifically proven and also nonscientific practice wisdom. This article brings together all of the lessons learned over our six years of work with Saint Paul Parks and Recreation, and suggests the practice utility of these.
Two Synthetic Approaches to Ag3.4In3.7Sb76.4Te16.5 Bulk ­Samples and their Transport Properties
Authors: Schröder Thorsten , Rosenthal Tobias , Gold Christian , Scheidt Ernst‐Wilhelm , Schnick Wolfgang , Oeckler Oliver 
Published: October 2013

Abstract Bulk samples with the chemical composition of the AIST phase‐change material Ag3.4In3.7Sb76.4Te16.5 were synthesized by melt spinning as well as under high‐pressure conditions (12 GPa), respectively. Rietveld refinements as well as selected‐area electron diffraction patterns and high‐resolution transmission electron images show that both types of samples crystallize in the gray As structure type. All atoms are disordered on one Wyckoff position. The metrics of the high‐pressure sample appear compressed along [001] compared to the ones of the melt‐spun sample. This may be attributed to strain, probably caused by twinning, which relaxes at higher temperatures (starting at ca. 130 °C). The compounds decompose at 250 °C and a structural change of the Sb‐rich Sb/Te phase was observed at 440 °C. The thermoelectric properties of an annealed sample with AgInTe2 impurities were measured and result in a ZT value of 0.003 at room temperature, which strongly increases with temperature.
Plating of Metacarpal Fractures with Locked or Nonlocked Screws, a Biomechanical Study: How Many Cortices are Really Necessary?
Authors: Barr Cameron , Behn Anthony W , Yao Jeffrey 
Published: October 2013

Background Dorsal plate and screw fixation is a popular choice for metacarpal stabilization. The balance between construct stability and soft tissue dissection remains a surgical dilemma. Historically, six cortices of bone fixation on either side of a fracture were deemed necessary. This study aims to elucidate whether four cortices of locked fixation on either side of the fracture is equivalent to the current gold standard of six cortices of nonlocked fixation on either side of the fracture. If so, less dissection to insert shorter plates with fewer screws could be used to stably fix these fractures. Methods With biomechanical testing-grade composite Sawbones, a comminuted metacarpal fracture model was used to test two fixation constructs consisting of a standard dorsal plate and either six bicortical nonlocking screws (three screws per segment) or four bicortical locking screws (two screws per segment). Thirty specimens were tested to failure in cantilever bending and torsion. Results There was statistical equivalence between the locking and nonlocking constructs in cantilever bending stiffness, torsional stiffness, maximum bending load, and maximum torque. Conclusion The tested metacarpal fracture model had equivalent biomechanical properties when fixed with a standard dorsal plate and either six bicortical nonlocking screws or four bicortical locking screws. By utilizing fewer cortices of fixation, there will be less dissection and less soft tissue stripping during fixation of metacarpal fractures. This will also be of benefit in very proximal or distal fractures as multiple cortices of fixation are often difficult to obtain during stabilization of these challenging fractures.
Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Staging as a Possible Clinical Tool for Falls Risk Assessment in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Authors: Brown Janice , Kurichi Jibby E. , Xie Dawei , Pan Qiang , Stineman Margaret G. 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveTo determine whether instrumental activity of daily living (IADL) limitation stages can distinguish among elderly, community‐dwelling persons with high likelihoods to have fallen once and more than once.DesignA cross‐sectional survey.SettingA nationally representative sample from the Second Longitudinal Study of Aging (LSOA II).ParticipantsIncluded were 7401 community‐dwelling persons 70 years of age and older.MethodsThe association of falling once and more than once within the past 12 months and 5 stages of increasing IADL limitation were explored by using a multinomial logistic regression model that controlled for demographics, education, perceived lack of home accessibility features, and health conditions. Sample proportions were weighted to reflect the prevalence in the U.S. population of 1994.Main Outcome MeasurementsSubject recall of fall history. There were 3 categories for this variable: no fall, falling once, and falling more than once in the past 12 months.ResultsCompared with IADL stage 0, the adjusted relative risk ratio of falling once peaked in individuals at IADL stage II at 2.0 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5‐2.6), and those at IADL stage III had a relative risk ratio of 1.8 (95% CI, 1.3‐2.6). The relative risk ratio of falling more than once was 2.1 (95% CI, 1.7‐2.6), 4.0 (95% CI, 3.0‐5.3), 3.7 (95% CI, 2.8‐5.0), and 2.7 (95% CI, 1.5‐4.9) for IADL stages I, II, III, and IV, respectively, when treating IADL stage 0 as reference.ConclusionsIADL limitation stages could represent a powerful and practical tool for screening patients in the U.S. elderly population according to fall risk. Clinical implementation and prospective testing for validation as a screening tool would be necessary.
Perturbed threat monitoring following a traumatic event predicts risk for post-traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Naim R. , Wald I. , Lior A. , Pine D. S. , Fox N. A. , Sheppes G. , Halpern P. , Bar-Haim Y. 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a chronic and difficult to treat psychiatric disorder. Objective, performance-based diagnostic markers that uniquely index risk for PTSD above and beyond subjective self-report markers could inform attempts to improve prevention and early intervention. We evaluated the predictive value of threat-related attention bias measured immediately after a potentially traumatic event, as a risk marker for PTSD at a 3-month follow-up. We measured the predictive contribution of attentional threat bias above and beyond that of the more established marker of risk for PTSD, self-reported psychological dissociation.MethodDissociation symptoms and threat-related attention bias were measured in 577 motor vehicle accident (MVA) survivors (mean age = 35.02 years, 356 males) within 24 h of admission to an emergency department (ED) of a large urban hospital. PTSD symptoms were assessed at a 3-month follow-up using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS).ResultsSelf-reported dissociation symptoms significantly accounted for 16% of the variance in PTSD at follow-up, and attention bias toward threat significantly accounted for an additional 4% of the variance in PTSD.ConclusionsThreat-related attention bias can be reliably measured in the context of a hospital ED and significantly predicts risk for later PTSD. Possible mechanisms underlying the association between threat bias following a potentially traumatic event and risk for PTSD are discussed. The potential application of an attention bias modification treatment (ABMT) tailored to reduce risk for PTSD is suggested.
Geriatric assessment in frail older patients in the emergency department
Authors: Fernández-Alonso Cesáreo , Martín-Sánchez F Javier 
Published: October 2013

SummaryEmergency care of elderly patients is frequent and complex in the emergency department. Frail older patients have a high risk of poor short-term results following emergency care. There is no practical universal or standardized tool defining frailty. It must be systematically identified in older patients at risk using a screening test, and in those who are positive, a diagnostic scale of frailty or preferably a geriatric scale adapted to emergency care is carried out. An adapted geriatric assessment including brief scales related to clinical, mental, functional and social aspects has been proposed. There are currently no geriatric intervention models with sufficient evidence in frail older patients.
Protecting and expanding the richness and diversity of life, an ethic for astrobiology research and space exploration
Authors: Randolph Richard O. , McKay Christopher P. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe ongoing search for life on other worlds and the prospects of eventual human exploration of the Moon and Mars indicate the need for new ethical guidelines to direct our actions as we search and how we respond if we discover microbial life on other worlds. Here we review how life on other worlds presents a novel question in environmental ethics. We propose a principle of protecting and expanding the richness and diversity of life as the basis of an ethic for astrobiology research and space exploration. There are immediate implications for the operational policies governing how we conduct the search for life on Mars and how we plan for human exploration throughout the Solar System.