bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of the Duration of the Second Stage of Labor on the Likelihood of Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injury
Authors: Aiken Catherine E. , Aiken Abigail R. , Prentice Andrew 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundDuration of the second stage of labor has been suggested as an independent risk factor for clinically detectable obstetric anal sphincter injury in low‐risk nulliparous women.MethodsA retrospective 5‐year cohort study was conducted in a UK obstetrics center which included a high‐risk delivery unit and a low‐risk birthing center. The study included 4,831 nulliparous women with vertex‐presenting, single, live‐born infants at term, stratified according to spontaneous or instrumental delivery. Binary logistic regression models were used to examine the association between duration of second stage and sphincter injury.ResultsThree‐hundred twenty‐five of 4,831 women (6.7%) sustained sphincter injuries. In spontaneously delivering women, no association between duration of the second stage and the likelihood of sphincter injury was recorded. Factors associated with increased likelihood of sphincter injury included older maternal age, higher birthweight, and Southeast Asian ethnicity. In contrast, for women undergoing instrumental delivery, a longer second stage was associated with an increased sphincter injury risk of 6 percent per 15 minutes in the second stage of labor before delivery.ConclusionsFor spontaneous vaginal deliveries, duration of the second stage of labor was not an independent risk factor for obstetric anal sphincter injury. The association between prolonged second stage and sphincter injury for instrumental deliveries is likely explained by the risk posed by the use of the instruments themselves or by delay in initiating instrumental assistance. Attempts to modify the duration of the second stage for prevention of sphincter injuries are unlikely to be beneficial and may be detrimental.
Azo pigments and quinacridones induce delayed hypersensitivity in red tattoos
Authors: Gaudron Sophie , Ferrier‐Le Bouëdec Marie‐Christine , Franck Frederic , D'Incan Michel 
Published: December 2014

SummaryBackgroundInduction of delayed hypersensitivity reactions by red tattoos has been occasionally reported. Little is known about the inks used. Azo pigments have been implicated in some instances, but there is only one reported case involving quinacridones.ObjectivesTo describe the clinical and pathological features and outcome of skin reactions induced by red tattoo pigments.Patients, materials, and methodsSix patients with a cutaneous reaction induced by a red tattoo pigment underwent biopsy and prick and patch testing with the inks supplied.ResultsWe observed seven reactions in the 6 patients. Histology showed various patterns: three lichenoid, two eczematous, and two pseudolymphomatous. Five reactions occurred with azo pigments, and two with quinacridones, in both cases with Violet 19 and Red 122. Four inks were tested. Only one patch test gave a positive result at a late reading (day 7). Prick tests gave negative results. The reactions required various treatments, including laser treatment for 2 patients. Activation of the reaction in 1 case was transient.ConclusionAzo pigments and quinacridones both triggered reactions with similar clinical aspects but with varying histological findings. Patch and prick test results were disappointing with both. Reactions occurred following laser use in 1 case.
Carbon and macronutrient losses during accelerated erosion under different tillage and residue management
Authors: Beniston J. W. , Shipitalo M. J. , Lal R. , Dayton E. A. , Hopkins D. W. , Jones F. , Joynes A. , Dungait J. A. J. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryThere have been many studies on the effects of tillage on erosional losses from soil, but rarely have soil organic carbon (SOC), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) losses been quantified simultaneously during a single erosion event. We applied a simulated rainfall event (70 mm hour−1) to plots within a gently sloping field (6%) in Ohio, USA, on which maize (C4) cultivation had replaced C3 vegetation several decades earlier. The plots were under different tillage management: (i) no till (NT100) for 42 years; (ii) NT100 plots from which 50% (NT50) or (iii) 100% (NT0) of crop residues were removed annually for 8 years; (iv) NT100 plots tilled 24 hours previously (TNT); and (v) conventional tillage (CT) for 28 years. Relationships between SOC, N and P concentrations and natural abundance 13C : 15N stable isotope values in the topsoils and sediments suggested that eroded SOC and TN were associated with the erosion of soil organic matter, whilst P losses were driven by the transport of the mineral fraction. Stable 13C isotope analyses revealed that tillage and residue removal both increased the proportion of older (C3), rather than new (C4, maize‐derived), SOC in eroded sediments. This study therefore demonstrated that a single tillage event after 42 years of continuous no‐till caused larger erosional fluxes than 8 years of continuous removal of all maize residues, and that long‐term conventional tillage resulted in the loss of a greater amount of older (> 28 years) SOC in eroded sediments, compared with continuous NT management.
Previous infection and the risk of ischaemic stroke in Italy: the IN2 study
Authors: Consoli D. , Vidale S. , Aguglia U. , Bassi P. , Cavallini A. , Galati F. , Guidetti D. , Marcello N. , Micieli G. , Pracucci G. , Rasura M. , Siniscalchi A. , Sterzi R. , Toni D. , Inzitari D. 
Published: December 2014

Background and purposeThere is an increasing interest in new risk factors for ischaemic stroke. Acute and chronic infections could contribute to different aetiological mechanisms of atherosclerosis that lead to cerebrovascular disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that previous infections and Chlamydia pneumoniae in particular increase the risk of ischaemic stroke in the population.MethodsThis was a prospective case−control study involving 11 Italian stroke units. Controls were age‐ and sex‐matched with cases, represented by patients admitted to hospital for acute ischaemic stroke. For each participant classical vascular risk factors and previous inflammatory and infectious events up to 1 month before were registered. Blood samples were collected to analyse inflammatory markers and titres of antibodies against C. pneumoniae.ResultsA total of 1002 participants were included (mean age 69 years) with 749 ischaemic stroke patients. Infections occurred within 1 month previously in 12% of the entire sample with a higher prevalence in the case group (14.4% vs. 3.9%). At multivariate analysis of the seropositivity of IgA antibodies against C. pneumoniae increased the risk of stroke significantly (relative risk 2.121; 95% confidence interval 1.255–3.584) and an early previous infection (up to 7 days before the event) contributed to a rise in probability of acute cerebral ischaemia (relative risk 3.692; 95% confidence interval 1.134–6.875).ConclusionsEarly previous infections and persistent chronic infection of C. pneumoniae could contribute to increase the risk of ischaemic stroke significantly, in the elderly especially.
Enchanting Gods and Dolphins: A Cross‐Cultural Analysis of Uncanny Encounters
Authors: Halloy Arnaud , Servais Véronique 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe main thrust of our research is to provide a cross‐cultural definition of enchantment. Drawing on first‐hand accounts of spirit possession in an Afro‐Brazilian cult and on Dolphin encounters at sea, we compare the two settings to identify the common features in both people's experiences and the technologies of enchantment that make them possible. According to our findings, the main features of the experience of enchantment are: ontological uncertainty as to the entities involved and the experience itself; uncanny feelings; an attentional focus on inner bodily and mental states; dissociative and hypnoid states; and a shift in perceived agency. We define the technology of enchantment as an “in‐between space of practice” (Belin ), neither totally material, nor totally subjective, which enables the merging of unusual bodily states with imagination and culturally prepared expectations. Such merging is possible only if the individual is immersed in a sensorily organized environment (sensescape), made up of distributed perceptual saliences, and if a relation based on trust and benevolence is achieved.
Psoriasis: in between the skin and the fat
Authors: Ståhle Mona 
Published: December 2014

AbstractSubstantial epidemiological evidence indicates that psoriasis associates with a predisposition to develop metabolic dysregulation leading to obesity and insulin resistance. However, the nature of this association and the potential underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In a recent report, Gerdes et al. explored the hypothesis that wingless‐type MMTV integration site, Wnt5a, which has been linked to aberrant fat cell metabolism, may be driving this process. In this study, the authors compare circulating serum levels of Wnt5a in individuals with psoriasis and compare with healthy controls matched for age, gender and BMI. The bottom‐line results show higher levels of Wnt5a in psoriasis patients irrespective of BMI compared to the matched non‐psoriatic controls, indicating that psoriasis per se may result in increased secretion of Wnt5a into the circulation. In addition, there was a significant difference among patients with higher levels of Wnt5a in the obese psoriasis population. The study, even though being purely descriptive, may serve to inspire a more mechanistic approach exploring not only Wnt5a, but other inflammatory pathways in between the skin and the fat.
Coparenting Profiles in the Context of Mexican‐Origin Teen Pregnancy: Links to Mother–Daughter Relationship Quality and Adjustment
Authors: Perez‐Brena Norma J. , Updegraff Kimberly A. , Umaña‐Taylor Adriana J. , Jahromi Laudan , Guimond Amy 
Published: December 2014

The current study explored the multifaceted nature of the mother–adolescent coparental relationship with data from 167 Mexican‐origin adolescent mothers and their own mothers at 10 months post childbirth. Profiles of mother–adolescent coparenting were created with latent profile analysis using adolescents’ reports of three dimensions of coparenting (communication, involvement, and conflict). Four profiles were identified: (a) Harmonious Coparents (equal involvement, high communication, low conflict); (b) Harmonious‐Adolescent Primary (adolescent is more involved than mother, high communication, low conflict); (c) Conflictual Coparents (equal involvement, high communication, high conflict); and (d) Conflictual‐Adolescent Primary (adolescent is more involved than mother, moderate communication, high conflict). Families characterized by high mother–daughter conflict and psychological control prior to childbirth were more likely to belong in the Conflictual Coparents profile. In addition, adolescents’ and mothers’ depressive symptoms and parenting efficacy after childbirth were linked to profile membership, such that the Harmonious‐Adolescent Primary profile reported the most positive adjustment patterns, whereas profiles with high coparental conflict (i.e., Conflictual Coparenting and Conflictual‐Adolescent Primary profiles) showed the least positive adjustment patterns. Discussion considers the applied implications of identifying precursors to healthy and problematic mother–daughter coparenting for families of adolescent mothers in the early years of parenting.
Origin and dispersal of Potamophylax cingulatus (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae) in Iceland
Authors: Gíslason Gísli M. , Hannesdóttir Elísabet R. , Munoz Sonia S. , Pálsson Snaebjörn 
Published: December 2014

Summary

The earliest record of Potamophylax cingulatus in Iceland is from east Iceland in 1959. In the 1970s, the distribution of the species in Iceland was restricted to the east and north‐east. In a survey conducted from 2004 to 2008, P. cingulatus was found all over Iceland, except in the central highlands. The speed of dispersal has thus been around 7.3 km per year.

To study the origin of the population in Iceland, we assessed variation of the COI gene of the mtDNA of P. cingulatus in Iceland and from the neighbouring countries. Almost no variation was detected in the Icelandic population, and the flies were closely related to flies from the Faroe Islands, reflecting its most likely route of colonisation.

A wider survey of the variation within Europe showed a clear structure of three major lineages: an Atlantic or western lineage from Spain to Norway, a central or eastern lineage (Czech Republic and Austria) and a southern group from south‐east France. The phylogeographical patterns within Europe point to at least three refugia during the glacial periods of the Pleistocene.
Pharmacokinetics and safety of plasma‐derived factor XIII concentrate (human) in patients with congenital factor XIII deficiency
Authors: Nugent D. J. , Ashley C. , García‐Talavera J. , Lo L. C. , Mehdi A. S. , Mangione A. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryCongenital factor XIII (FXIII) deficiency is a rare condition with substantial risk for life‐threatening bleeding. Replacement of deficient FXIII with plasma‐derived FXIII concentrate is a treatment option. The current 12‐week study evaluated the steady‐state pharmacokinetic (PK) and safety profile of prophylactic infusions of FXIII concentrate (human) in patients with congenital FXIII deficiency. Patients received FXIII concentrate (human) 40 IU kg−1 on Days 0, 28, and 56. FXIII levels were assessed before and after each infusion; steady‐state PK parameters were assessed up to 28 days after the infusion on Day 56. Treatment effectiveness in maintaining trough FXIII activity levels ≥5% over 28 days and safety parameters were also assessed. Fourteen patients received FXIII concentrate (human) and 13 completed the study. Post‐infusion, FXIII activity levels increased to within the range found in patients without congenital FXIII deficiency without reaching supra‐therapeutic levels. Non‐baseline‐adjusted trough FXIII activity levels were maintained at or above 10% at all post‐baseline visits in all patients. Steady‐state PK parameters were baseline‐adjusted; maximum FXIII activity was 87.7% at 1.72 h post‐infusion, subsequently declining to a minimum of 5.0%. The half‐life was 6.6 days. FXIII concentrate (human) was generally well tolerated. Two patients had possibly treatment‐related adverse events. There were no reports of thromboembolism, viral transmission, bleeding events or treatment‐related hypersensitivity. These findings support use of FXIII concentrate (human) 40 IU kg−1 every 28 days as an appropriate regimen for routine, long‐term prophylaxis in children and adults with congenital FXIII deficiency. Clinical trial registration: www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00883090.
Continuous infusion of recombinant factor VIII formulated with sucrose in surgery: Non‐interventional, observational study in patients with severe haemophilia A
Authors: Meijer K. , Rauchensteiner S. , Santagostino E. , Platokouki H. , Schutgens R. E. G. , Brunn M. , Tueckmantel C. , Valeri F. , Schinco P. C. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryIn haemophilia A, continuous infusion (CI) of FVIII perioperatively provides a more constant FVIII level than conventional bolus injections, avoiding low trough levels that could increase bleeding risk. Due to the low number of surgical cases in clinical trials, especially in haemophilia, more information on the clinical practice of CI from observational studies is helpful. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of CI with recombinant factor VIII formulated with sucrose (rFVIII‐FS) in a typical surgery practice setting. This was a non‐interventional study in 12 centres. Patients with severe haemophilia A who received rFVIII‐FS by CI during and after surgery were included in this study if they had more than 150 exposure days (EDs) to any FVIII product and had no history of inhibitors before CI. Patients were observed during the entire course of CI, with monitoring up to 3 months thereafter. Twenty‐five patients with 28 surgeries were included in the analysis. Median age was 51.7 (range 10–75). Most (75%; 21/25) patients underwent orthopaedic surgeries. The median dose of rFVIII‐FS consumed during CI was 376 IU kg−1 (range 157.9–3605.6 IU kg−1) with a greater median dose for orthopaedic surgeries (424.0 IU kg−1) compared to non‐orthopaedic surgeries (278.5 IU kg−1). 95% of all FVIII measurements (214/224) were on target. Efficacy and tolerability were rated as good/excellent in 89.3% (25/28) of surgeries. No inhibitors were observed during or after surgery. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of CI with rFVIII‐FS during surgery in patients with severe haemophilia A in a clinical practice setting.
Controlled, cross‐sectional MRI evaluation of joint status in severe haemophilia A patients treated with prophylaxis vs. on demand
Authors: Oldenburg J. , Zimmermann R. , Katsarou O. , Theodossiades G. , Zanon E. , Niemann B. , Kellermann E. , Lundin B. ,   the Cross‐sectional MRI study investigators
Published: December 2014

SummaryIn patients with haemophilia A, factor VIII (FVIII) prophylaxis reduces bleeding frequency and joint damage compared with on‐demand therapy. To assess the effect of prophylaxis initiation age, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to evaluate bone and cartilage damage in patients with severe haemophilia A. In this cross‐sectional, multinational investigation, patients aged 12–35 years were assigned to 1 of 5 groups: primary prophylaxis started at age <2 years (group 1); secondary prophylaxis started at age 2 to <6 years (group 2), 6 to <12 years (group 3), or 12−18 years (group 4); or on‐demand treatment (group 5). Joint status at ankles and knees was assessed using Compatible Additive MRI scoring (maximum and mean ankle; maximum and mean of all 4 joints) and Gilbert scores in the per‐protocol population (n = 118). All prophylaxis groups had better MRI joint scores than the on‐demand group. MRI scores generally increased with current patient age and later start of prophylaxis. Ankles were the most affected joints. In group 1 patients currently aged 27−35 years, the median of maximum ankle scores was 0.0; corresponding values in groups 4 and 5 were 17.0 and 18.0, respectively [medians of mean index joint scores: 0.0 (group 1), 8.1 (group 2) and 13.8 (group 4)]. Gilbert scores revealed outcomes less pronounced than MRI scores. MRI scores identified pathologic joint status with high sensitivity. Prophylaxis groups had lower annualized joint bleeds and MRI scores vs. the on‐demand group. Primary prophylaxis demonstrated protective effects against joint deterioration compared with secondary prophylaxis.
Alternative Regionalism from Below: Democratizing ASEAN's Migration Governance
Authors: Rother Stefan , Piper Nicola 
Published: December 2014

AbstractMost literature on migration governance has addressed the global level, and it has done so primarily from a state‐centric and top‐down perspective, with little regard to the role of civil society organizations in shaping its direction. Moreover, in an institutional sense, except for the EU, the regional level has only received scant attention, which is surprising given the significance of intra‐regional migration flows elsewhere. The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is a case in point. Although there are few direct channels of engagement for civil society, the vibrant migrant rights community in Asia has been capitalizing on, and creating, opportunities at multiple levels including the regional. Our argument is that this creative use of channels of engagement in combined form at multiple levels can have democratizing potential.
Improving student nurses' aged care understandings through a supported placement
Authors: Lea E. , Marlow A. , Bramble M. , Andrews S. , Eccleston C. , McInerney F. , Robinson A. 
Published: December 2014

AimThe study aimed to identify the potential for aged care placements to deliver benefits for second year nursing students when conducted within a supportive framework with debriefing and critical reflection opportunities.BackgroundGiven the ageing population and complex care needs of aged care facility residents, exacerbated by the high prevalence of dementia, the healthcare workforce's ability to meet older people's care needs is paramount. Yet research shows that nursing students are disengaged from aged care.MethodsUsing a quasi‐experimental mixed method design within an action research framework, 40 students were allocated a 3‐week supported placement in 2011–2012 at one of the two intervention residential aged care facilities in Tasmania, Australia. Staff formed mentor action research groups in each facility and participated in a pre‐placement capacity‐building programme. Thirty‐nine students were placed across 14 control facilities. Data were collected via meetings with students and pre‐post placement questionnaires on placement experiences, attitudes and dementia knowledge.ResultsThe intervention facility placement programme led to mentors and students being well prepared for the placement and to students experiencing enhanced teaching and learning derived from high levels of mentor support and increased autonomy. Students' knowledge, understanding and attitudes around aged care and dementia improved.DiscussionMentors working together within an action research framework can provide a supported residential aged care placement for nursing students that improves students' aged care attitudes and understandings.Conclusion and Implications for Nursing and Health PolicyProvision of quality, supported aged care student placements is vital to prepare a new generation of nurses who will have to deal with the complex chronic healthcare needs associated with an ageing population.
Predisposing factors for musculoskeletal symptoms in intensive care unit nurses
Authors: Sezgin D. , Esin M.N. 
Published: December 2014

IntroductionIntensive care unit nurses have more ergonomic risks than nurses working in other units in hospital.BackgroundAlthough musculoskeletal disorders are common among intensive care nurses, studies on the prevalence of symptoms, as well as associated factors, are scarce.AimThis is a cross‐sectional study to investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms and associated factors in intensive care nurses.MethodsThe study population comprised 1515 nurses working in the intensive care units of public, private and university hospitals in Turkey. The study sample included 323 nurses selected by stratified random sampling. Data were obtained by a tailored data collection form, a workplace observation form and a Rapid Upper Limb Assessment tool to delineate ergonomic risks. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 21.0 software was used in the statistical analysis.ResultsThe highest prevalence for the musculoskeletal symptoms of the nurses was in the legs, lower back and back. Most of the nurses had encountered musculoskeletal pain or discomfort related to the previous month. The risky body movements that were frequently performed by the nurses during a shift were ‘turning the patient’ and ‘bending down’.DiscussionThe final Rapid Upper Limb Assessment score for the patient turning movement was found to be higher than for the bending down movement.ConclusionsMusculoskeletal symptoms, which may occur in any region of the body, are mainly associated with organizational factors, such as type of hospital, type of shift work and frequency of changes in work schedule, rather than with personal factors.Implications for Nursing and Health PolicyNursing administrators should determine the ergonomic risks of intensive care unit nurses by using Rapid Upper Limb Assessment tool. Health policy makers should develop occupational health teams, and ‘ergonomic risk prevention programs’ should be implemented throughout the units.