bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The behavior of residual tumors and facial nerve outcomes after incomplete excision of vestibular schwannomas
Authors: Chen Zhengnong , Prasad Sampath Chandra , Di Lella Filippo , Medina Marimar , Piccirillo Enrico , Taibah Abdelkader , Russo Alessandra , Yin Shankai , Sanna Mario 
Published: April 2014

Object
The authors evaluated the behavior of residual tumors and facial nerve outcomes after incomplete excision of vestibular schwannomas (VSs).

Methods
The case records of all patients who underwent surgical treatment of VSs were analyzed. All patients in whom an incomplete excision had been performed were analyzed. Incomplete excision was defined as near-total resection (NTR), subtotal resection (STR), and partial resection (PR). Tumors in the NTR and STR categories were followed up with a wait-and-rescan approach, whereas the tumors in the PR category were subjected to a second-stage surgery and were excluded from this series. All patients included in the study underwent baseline MRI at the 3rd and 12th postoperative months, and repeat imaging was subsequently performed every year for 7–10 years postoperatively or as indicated clinically. Preoperative and postoperative facial function was noted.

Results
Of the 2368 patients who underwent surgery for VS, 111 patients who had incomplete excisions of VSs were included in the study. Of these patients, 73 (65.77%) had undergone NTR and 38 (34.23%) had undergone STR. Of the VSs, 62 (55.86%) were cystic and 44 (70.97%) of these cystic VSs underwent NTR. The residual tumor was left behind on the facial nerve alone in 62 patients (55.86%), on the facial nerve and vessels in 2 patients (1.80%), on the facial nerve and brainstem in 15 patients (13.51%), and on the brainstem alone in 25 patients (22.52%). In the 105 patients with normal preoperative facial nerve function, postoperative facial nerve function was House-Brackmann (HB) Grades I and II in 51 patients (48.57%), HB Grade III in 34 patients (32.38%), and HB Grades IV–VI in 20 patients (19.05%). Seven patients (6.3%) showed evidence of tumor regrowth on follow-up MRI. All 7 patients (100%) who showed evidence of tumor regrowth had undergone STR. No patient in the NTR group exhibited regrowth. The Kaplan-Meier plot demonstrated a 5-year tumor regrowth-free survival of 92%, with a mean disease-free interval of 140 months (95% CI 127–151 months). The follow-up period ranged from 12 to 156 months (mean 45.4 months).

Conclusions
The authors' report and review of the literature show that there is undoubtedly merit for NTR and STR for preservation of the facial nerve. On the basis of this they propose an algorithm for the management of incomplete VS excisions. Patients who undergo incomplete excisions must be subjected to follow-up MRI for a period of at least 7–10 years. When compared with STR, NTR via an enlarged translabyrinthine approach has shown to have a lower rate of regrowth of residual tumor, while having almost the same result in terms of facial nerve function.
Challenges in sciatic nerve repair: anatomical considerations
Authors: Burks S. Shelby , Levi David J. , Hayes Seth , Levi Allan D. 
Published: April 2014

Object
The object of this study was to highlight the challenge of insufficient donor graft material in peripheral nerve surgery, with a specific focus on sciatic nerve transection requiring autologous sural nerve graft.

Methods
The authors performed an anatomical analysis of cadaveric sciatic and sural nerve tissue. To complement this they also present 3 illustrative clinical cases of sciatic nerve injuries with segmental defects. In the anatomical study, the cross-sectional area (CSA), circumference, diameter, percentage of neural tissue, fat content of the sural nerves, as well as the number of fascicles, were measured from cadaveric samples. The percentage of neural tissue was defined as the CSA of fascicles lined by perineurium relative to the CSA of the sural nerve surrounded by epineurium.

Results
Sural nerve samples were obtained from 8 cadaveric specimens. Mean values and standard deviations from sural nerve measurements were as follows: CSA 2.84 ± 0.91 mm2, circumference 6.67 ± 1.60 mm, diameter 2.36 ± 0.43 mm, fat content 0.83 ± 0.91 mm2, and number of fascicles 9.88 ± 3.68. The percentage of neural tissue seen on sural nerve cross-section was 33.17% ± 4.96%. One sciatic nerve was also evaluated. It had a CSA of 37.50 mm2, with 56% of the CSA representing nerve material. The estimated length of sciatic nerve that could be repaired with a bilateral sural nerve harvest (85 cm) varied from as little as 2.5 cm to as much as 8 cm.

Conclusions
Multiple methods have been used in the past to repair sciatic nerve injury but most commonly, when a considerable gap is present, autologous nerve grafting is required, with sural nerve being the foremost source. As evidenced by the anatomical data reported in this study, a considerable degree of variability exists in the diameter of sural nerve harvests. Conversely, the percentage of neural tissue is relatively consistent across specimens. The authors recommend that the peripheral nerve surgeon take these points into consideration during nerve grafting as insufficient graft material may preclude successful recovery.
Clinical course of vestibular schwannoma in pediatric neurofibromatosis Type 2
Authors: Choi Jung Won , Lee Ji Yeoun , Phi Ji Hoon , Wang Kyu-Chang , Chung Hyun-Tai , Paek Sun Ha , Kim Dong Gyu , Park Sung-Hye , Kim Seung-Ki 
Published: April 2014

Object
Neurofibromatosis Type 2 (NF2) is an autosomal-dominant inherited disease, characterized by multiple neoplasia syndromes, including meningioma, schwannoma, glioma, and ependymoma. In this report, the authors present their clinical experience with pediatric NF2 patients. In particular, they focused on the clinical course of vestibular schwannoma (VS), including the natural growth rate, tumor control, and functional hearing outcomes.

Methods
From May 1988 to June 2012, the authors recruited patients who were younger than 18 years and fulfilled the Manchester criteria. In total, 25 patients were enrolled in this study. The authors analyzed the clinical course of these patients. In addition, they measured the natural growth rate of VS before any treatment in these children with NF2. Then, they evaluated the tumor control rate and functional hearing outcomes after the treatment of VS.

Results
The mean age at the onset of NF2-related symptoms was 9.9 ± 4.5 years (mean ± SD, range 1–17 years). The mean age at the diagnosis of NF2 was 12.9 ± 2.9 years (range 5–17 years). The mean follow-up period was 89.3 months (range 12–311 months). As initial manifestations, nonvestibular symptoms were frequently observed in pediatric patients with NF2. The mean natural growth rate of VS was 0.33 ± 0.41 cm3/year (range 0–1.35 cm3/year). The tumor control rate of VS was 35.3% at 3 years after Gamma Knife surgery (GKS). The actuarial rate of useful hearing preservation was 67% in the 1st year and 53% in the 5th year after GKS.

Conclusions
Clinical manifestations in children with NF2 were highly variable, compared with their adult counterparts. The natural growth rate of VS in children is slow, and this oncological feature may explain the diverse clinical manifestations besides vestibular symptoms in children with NF2. The treatment outcome of GKS for VS in children with NF2 was not favorable compared with previous reports of affected adults.
External validation of the Chicago Chiari Outcome Scale
Authors: Yarbrough Chester K. , Greenberg Jacob K. , Smyth Matthew D. , Leonard Jeffrey R. , Park Tae Sung , Limbrick David D. 
Published: April 2014

Object
Historically, assessment of clinical outcomes following surgical management of Chiari malformation Type I (CM-I) has been challenging due to the lack of a validated instrument for widespread use. The Chicago Chiari Outcome Scale (CCOS) is a novel system intended to provide a less subjective evaluation of outcomes for patients with CM-I. The goal of this study was to externally validate the performance of the CCOS.

Methods
Patients undergoing surgery for CM-I between 2001 and 2012 were reviewed (n = 292). Inclusion criteria for this study were as follows: 1) patients receiving primary posterior fossa decompression; 2) at least 5.5 months of postoperative clinical follow-up; and 3) patients ≤ 18 years of age at the time of surgery. Outcomes were evaluated using the CCOS, along with a “gestalt” impression of whether patients experienced significant improvement after surgery. A subgroup of 118 consecutive patients undergoing operations between 2008 and 2010 was selected for analysis of interrater reliability (n = 73 meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria). In this subgroup, gestalt and CCOS scores were independently determined by 2 reviewers, and interrater reliability was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and kappa (κ) statistic.

Results
The median CCOS score was 14, and 67% of patients had improved gestalt scores after surgery. Overall, the CCOS was effective at identifying patients with improved outcome after surgery (area under curve = 0.951). The interrater reliability of the CCOS (ICC = 0.71) was high, although the reliability of the component scores ranged from poor to good (ICC 0.23–0.89). The functionality subscore demonstrated a low ICC and did not add to the predictive ability of the logistic regression model (likelihood ratio = 1.8, p = 0.18). When analyzing gestalt outcome, there was moderate agreement between raters (κ = 0.56).

Conclusions
In this external validation study, the CCOS was effective at identifying patients with improved outcomes and proved more reliable than the authors' gestalt impression of outcome. However, certain component subscores (functionality and nonpain symptoms) were found to be less reliable, and may benefit from further definition in score assignment. In particular, the functionality subscore does not add to the predictive ability of the CCOS, and may be unnecessary. Overall, the authors found the CCOS to be an improvement over the previously used assessment of outcome at their institution.
Predictors of unplanned readmission in patients undergoing lumbar decompression: multi-institutional analysis of 7016 patients
Authors: Kim Bobby D. , Smith Timothy R. , Lim Seokchun , Cybulski George R. , Kim John Y. S. 
Published: April 2014

ObjectUnplanned hospital readmission represents a large financial burden on the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, commercial insurance payers, hospitals, and individual patients, and is a principal target for cost reduction. A large-scale, multi-institutional study that evaluates risk factors for readmission has not been previously performed in patients undergoing lumbar decompression procedures. The goal of this multicenter retrospective study was to find preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative predictive factors that result in unplanned readmission (UR) after lumbar decompression surgery.MethodsThe National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database was retrospectively reviewed to identify all patients who received lumbar decompression procedures in 2011. Risk-adjusted multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate independent predictors of UR.ResultsThe overall rate of UR among patients undergoing lumbar decompression was 4.4%. After multivariate logistic regression analysis, anemia (odds ratio [OR] 1.48), dependent functional status (OR 3.03), total operative duration (OR 1.003), and American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Class 4 (OR 3.61) remained as independent predictors of UR. Postoperative complications that were significantly associated with UR included overall complications (OR 5.18), pulmonary embolism (OR 3.72), and unplanned reoperation (OR 56.91).ConclusionsThere were several risk factors for UR after lumbar spine decompression surgery. Identification of high-risk patients and appropriate allocation of resources to reduce postoperative incidence may reduce the readmission rate.
Mouvements de l'eau dans les couches superficielles du sol
Authors: Pouquet J. 
Published: April 2014

Résumé. - A l'inverse de l'opinion généralement admise, le réchauffement de la surface du sol ne provoque pas l'évaporation et la dissipation dans l'atmosphère de l'eau contenue dans les horizons pédologiques supérieurs. Au contraire, il est la cause de l'amplification des mouvements vers le bas. Le refroidissement déclenche des phénomènes inverses.
Les applications d'une semblable constatation sont multiples, ressortissant aux domaines agronomiques, pédologiques, géologiques, géographiques et à celui des Travaux Publics...
Questions de géomorphologie en Israël
Authors: Dresch Jean 
Published: April 2014

Résumé.
La Galilée est humide, mais le climat d'Israël n'a jamais été très froid. Ces conditions expliquent les formes des versants. Ceux- ci sont très différents dans le Neguev aride : l'importance des formes structurales est analysée ainsi que les formes d'érosion, glacis en roche tendre, et que les dépôts fluvio-lacustres quaternaires. Glacis et dépôts les plus récents semblent dater de la dernière oscillation humide, complexe, et ne pouvoir s'expliquer par des mouvements tectoniques, qui sont par contre à l'origine de la Mer Morte, encore plus récente.
Note sur le développement récent de l'agglomération d'Istanbul.
Authors: Burgel Guy 
Published: April 2014

L'auteur souligne l'importance de la croissance démographique dans l'agglomération d'Istanbul, depuis la dernière guerre mondiale. Elle résulte beaucoup plus de l'accélération de l'immigration que de l'accroissement naturel. Sans remettre en cause la répartition de la population entre rive européenne et rive asiatique, les phénomènes récents entraînent l'affaiblissement des quartiers centraux et une extension très importante à la périphérie de l'agglomération.
Cette croissance démographique n'est pas soutenue par un développement économique en rapport : sous-emploi croissant, importance du secteur tertiaire. Aux problèmes généraux de toute agglomération en expansion rapide (circulation, énergie, eau), s'ajoute l'extension préoccupante des bidonvilles.
Phénomènes périglaciaires dans le Nord de l'Alaska et du Yukon.
Authors: Journaux André 
Published: April 2014

Résumé
Invité à séjourner en Alaska et au Yukon, l'auteur présente de nombreuses photographies des paysages et expose certains problèmes de morphologie périglaciaire : la glace dans le sol, et notamment les coins de glace et les pingos ; les lacs orientés et leur évolution ; les pustules d'argile ou de timon, etc.
L'automatisation : une ère nouvelle pour la cartographie
Authors: Gambin Marie-Thérèse 
Published: April 2014

Résumé.
Parmi les diverses possibilités d'un ordinateur, celles qui peuvent aider le cartographe aux différentes phases de son travail - recherche et traitement des données, sélection d'un fond de carte, dessin et habillage - sont successivement évoquées. L'accent est mis sur l'intérêt d'utiliser l' ordinateur pour tout l'ensemble des opérations cartographiques et non séparément pour certaines d'entre elles.
Les migrations de retraite en France : matériaux pour une géographie du troisième âge
Authors: Cribier F. 
Published: April 2014

Summary.
The pattern of the settlement of elderlies, according to size and location of communities, is of a great interest for the geographer. The aged are getting more and more mobile, and this mobility has to be studied, as it is becoming and important factor in the age-structure of communities of different sizes, kinds, regions. We present here the results of two researches ; the first one deals with the aged population of a sample of 15 French resort-towns of the Atlantic and Channel coasts, its social structure, its origin. The second analyses the distribution in France of retired Parisian civil-servants having left the Capital after retirement. In both cases, correlations have been established between the choice of a retirement settlement, region of origin, social and economic characteristics of the migrants.
Pollution des eaux et télédétection
Authors: Pouquet J. 
Published: April 2014

Summary.
Muddy waters increase the near infrared reflectance while they raise the emissivity value, hence the radiance temperature.
Field work performed in the 10,5-12,5 μm spectral range provided positive clues with respect to water pollution which emissivity is drastically reduced when chemicals, micro organisms or oily films alter the quality of water. In the Eastern Mediterranean Basin, one observes the same trend, i.e., higher radiance temperature, as viewed in the field when irrigation waters were artificially changed into muddy ones.
Such a tool should be a part of every geography department, merging center of all the disciplines pertaining to the Earth Sciences.
Contribution à l'étude de la solubilité de la calcite dans l'eau en présence d'anhydride carbonique, à 20°C et 30°C
Authors: Stchouzkoy-Muxart T. 
Published: April 2014

Résumé
Nous avons déterminé expérimentalement, les courbes de solubilité de la calcite à 20°C et 30°C, pour des pressions partielles d' anhydride carbonique comprise entre 4,0.1 0-a et 2,5.10-2 atmosphères.
La comparaison de nos résultats avec ceux de la littérature à 10°C et 15°C nous a conduit à établir des expressions permettant de déterminer les courbes de solubilité de ce minéral entre 5°C et 35° C, dans la gamme de Pco2 précitée.
Quelques remarques sur la dissolution des dolomies
Authors: Nicod Jean 
Published: April 2014

Résumé
Après une définition pétrographique des dolomies, surtout la distinction entre dolomie et dolomite et l'examen de leurs propriétés, en particulier de leur porosité, nous étudions les conditions de dissolution, d'abord au niveau de l'échantillon, puis au niveau des bancs. Le rôle de la texture, et les paramètres de la mise en solution du sel double que constitue la dolomite sont envisagés. Des renseignements sont apportés par l'analyse des eaux de ruissellement et de percolation sur et dans une dalle dolomitique. Il est facile de montrer que le bilan total de la dissolution est plus élevé dans les dolomies, et de mettre en rapport avec cette constatation les formes majeures, superficielles et souterraines des massifs dolomitiques. Mais ces formes sont en grande partie héritées, et une analyse plus précise, appuyée sur de nombreuses mesures, est nécessaire pour faire la part respective des influences structurales et des actions subaériennes, ou sous le couvert pédologique.
Remarques sur le modèle de deux hauts massifs de l'Aïr (Sahara méridional)
Authors: Morel A. 
Published: April 2014

Résumé.
Situés dans le Sud de l'Air, les deux hauts massifs des Baguezans et Agalak, de forme ovale, dominent de plus de 500 m le socle ancien, par un abrupt généralement bien marqué. Leur surface sommitale, comprise entre 1.500 et 1.800 m est entaillée par un réseau rayonnant de vallées parfois recouvertes de coulées basaltiques.
Ces hauts massifs constitués de divers granites, auraient été mis en place au Jurassique. Ils présentent divers types de formes structurales. On peut se demander d'autre part quelle est, dans leur modelé, la part des processus hérités et celle des actions actuelles.
L'existence de chaos de boules, de glacis, de sols rubéfiés, de terrasses anciennes... sont la preuve de climats tropicaux humides anciens. Leur examen permettra sans doute de résoudre un certain nombre de problèmes de l'histoire encore mal connue de l'Aïr.
Utilisation d'un échantillon de population à l'étude de la division sociale de l'espace urbain
Authors: Burgel Guy 
Published: April 2014

Abstract.
Present results are the conclusion of a study done 3.000 households of Greater Athens. It had become indispensable because the insuffisance of census of population. After an analytical process, we try to obtain a synthetic definition of the social space of the town. Three criterion are tested : the proportion of upper and middle classes (socio-economic), the proportion of conjugal households (socio-familiar), thone of internal migrants (socio-educational). There projection on urban space show three well known schemes of the american geography : radiant (socio-economic), concentric (socio-familiar), nodular (socio-educational). The combination of the three representatives allows to obtain a typical figuration. Its principal interest jies more on a general value of the employed method than on theoritical convergences.
L'éclatement des exploitations dans le département de la Mayenne : des marchands de bestiaux aux autres exploitants
Authors: Macé Georges 
Published: April 2014

Résumé.
Les marchands de bestiaux ont constitué de grandes exploitations-puzzle dont les terres sont situées sur plusieurs communes éloignées les unes des autres. D'autres exploitations sans unité spatiale se sont développées avec la concentration par location, achat, reprise ; mais les paysans n'adoptent que lentement ces structures nouvelles, peu répandues, de sorte que la grande exploitation du marchand garde son originalité.
Premiers résultats de recherches géomorphologiques dans le piémont de Thèbes (Haute-Egypte)
Authors: Coque Roger 
Published: April 2014

Abstract.
Geomorphological field works in Thebes aera (Upper Egypt) bring evidence of 3 stepped « glacis d'ablation » topped with thin alluvial quaternary covers. Each of them shows an alluvial unit made of local material (limestone, chert) overlying unconformably an alluvial unit which contains a number of allochtonous pebbles (quartz) carried by a streamflood coming from the South. The analysis of relationships between these units and the geomorphological features suggest that local Pluvials would be contemporaneous with the Southern ones during the Quaternary times. The discovery of very archaic tools included into the most ancient alluvium established the precocity of Human life along the large vallery where the Nile flows presently. It strengthened the preliminary idea of a powerful streamflood draining waters from Southern humid countries in this valley very early in Quaternary times.
Le désert de l'Afar (Ethiopie)
Authors: Rognon Pierre 
Published: April 2014

Summary.
The Afar Desert is the most arid part of the Dankalia (country of the Danakil people). Situated at a very low latitude (11 to 15 degrees North) and isolated from the sea by the Danakil mountains, this desert is particularly torrid, and exceptionally receives winter rains that do not exceed a few tens of millimeters per year. But this aridity is locally compensated by the surface or underground waters coming from the Ethiopian Plateau. They supply some lakes that were much more extensive at the Quaternary. In the Afar there is a particular instability of the earth-crust, the volcanic edifices and the fault-scarps are very numerous. We observe many different topographic manifestations of faulting, from the fresh scarps to fault-slopes bordered by large pediments. Among the volcanic reliefs, some hyaloclastite cones, formed under water, put difficult questions about the reconstitutions of Quaternary lakes.
L'originalité de la culture de la canne à sucre australienne
Authors: Huetz de Lemps Alain 
Published: April 2014

Abstract.
After a first stage of large plantations with New Hebrides and Salomon Islands workers, has succeeded a second stage of smaller properties (20-50 ha). With the help of Government Sugar Experiment Stations, the white farmers practise a very intensive monoculture and the yields are very high. Recently, mechanical harvesters have replaced the Europeans hand cuttters'work.
Evolution récente de la production et du marché des vins de Bordeaux
Authors: Roudié Philippe 
Published: April 2014

Résumé.
Depuis un demi-siècle le vignoble bordelais connaît une réduction des superficies plantées en vignes compensée par une forte augmentation des rendements qui maintient la production. Mais depuis deux ans environ, une très brusque envolée des prix des vins de Bordeaux, d'ailleurs très inégale selon les crus, laisse entrevoir un renouvellement de divers aspects du vignoble et annonce sans doute une période de grande prospérité.