bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IMPEDIMENTS TO CROSS-BOUNDARY OIL SPILL RESPONSE ALONG UNITED STATES BORDERS
Authors: Waldron Jonathan K. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
The Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA 90) promoted a coordinated industry and government enhancement of response resources to combat oil spills effectively in the United States. However, the United States remains vulnerable to oil spills near the borders it shares with Canada, Mexico, and various nations in the Caribbean due to legal and administrative impediments associated with cross-boundary spill response activities.
This paper explores cross-boundary related issues that could hinder a response and the relationship and roles of industry and government with regard to such issues, and provides recommendations to enhance improved cooperation between government and industry to facilitate response activities. The international structure that currently exists—globally, regionally, and bilaterally—provides a basic framework that promotes cooperation between nations to respond harmoniously to spills threatening the shores of neighboring countries. However, the existing agreements and understandings only provide a basic umbrella. They require planning and implementation of details and commitment to take the specific actions required to implement these agreements and understandings fully. As a result, the enhanced private response capability that now exists in the United States may not be available in a spill involving cross-boundary operations. Neighboring nations must take action to facilitate cross-boundary activities by responders by providing responder-immunity protection similar to that provided under OPA 90 and by removing potential impediments to response activities: laws and other requirements relating to matters such as customs, immigration, and safety training.
THE DONALDSON REPORT: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE SHIPPING INDUSTRY
Authors: Horrocks Chris 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
Following the grounding of the Braer off the coast of Shetland in January 1993 the British Government ordered an inquiry into the prevention of pollution from merchant shipping. The inquiry, chaired by Lord Donaldson, published its report on May 17, 1994, as Safer Ships, Cleaner Seas. The report contains 103 recommendations, many of them of potential significance to the international shipping industry.
This paper analyzes some of the most important recommendations, offers a preliminary industry reaction to them, and concludes that the report will make a major contribution to the debate on ship safety and environmental protection.
WATER-IN-OIL EMULSIONS: HOW THEY ARE FORMED AND BROKEN
Authors: Fingas Merv , Fieldhouse Ben , Mullin Joe 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
Studies on the formation of emulsions were summarized, and analytical methods used to determine the final results of the emulsion breaking process were evaluated. These include visual appearance, viscosity, zero-shear-rate viscosity, elasticity, water content, and conductivity. All but the latter two are useful for determining the stability of an emulsion.
The development of four new tests was reviewed. These test the effectiveness of emulsion breakers in open and closed systems and emulsion preventers in open and closed systems. Results of testing on commercial products are presented.
EVALUATION OF DISPERSANT TOXICITY USING A STANDARDIZED MODELED-EXPOSURE APPROACH
Authors: Weetman Lisa , Lee Ina , Singer Michael , George Saji , Jacobson Susan , Tjeerdema Ronald , Sowby Michael L. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
A spiked-exposure toxicity test procedure has been developed, in which initial dispersant concentrations are diluted at a standardized rate to provide a simple model of exposure experienced in the field. Traditionally, acute dispersant toxicity has been described using constant-concentration exposures of 24 to 96 hours. Constant concentrations are unrealistic in the field because of the dilution effects of wind and wave conditions required for dispersant application. The spiked-exposure procedure has been adopted in California as a standardized tool for comparing dispersant toxicity. Five dispersants have been tested using four Californian species. Tests using oil and dispersant-oil mixtures are being developed.
MAKING SENSE OF MULTIPLE RESPONSE PLANNING REQUIREMENTS
Authors: Lively-Diebold Bobbie , DeMarco Gregory , Morgan Elisabeth , Rizzi Philip 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
Federal agencies with responsibility for developing response plan regulations mandated by the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 met regularly throughout the rulemaking development process to coordinate their efforts and ensure a consistent regulatory approach across the various regulations. A key aspect of this coordination was to facilitate the regulated community's efforts to implement multiple response planning requirements without generating multiple response plans. This resulted in significant cost savings to owners or operators of facilities required to submit response plans.
JOINT CHINA-NOAA PORT AREA CONTINGENCY PLANNING PROJECT
Authors: Levine Edwin A. , Payton Debra , Pavia Robert , Houck Caryn , Chen Shuying 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
As part of a World Bank-funded Ship Waste Disposal Project, the China Academy of Transportation Sciences (CATS) developed a model for port oil spill emergency plans. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration was asked to participate in three stages of the model's development: 1. a review of information collected from four major ports and identification of additional data needed to develop the plan, 2. work to finalize the plan's format and develop a prototype plan for Guangzhou, and 3. in-country training and a test of the prototype plan. After these efforts, CATS will revise the model and develop plans for Ningbo, Shanghai, Dalian, Tianjin, and Xiamen.
OBTAINING THE FEDERAL RESPONDER IMMUNITY STANDARD IN THE UNITED STATES
Authors: Lakin David N. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
Limited liability for oil spill responders encourages aggressive actions that can maximize response efforts. The Marine Spill Response Corporation (MSRC), the world's largest oil spill response corporation, launched a nationwide campaign in 1991 to encourage the passage of responder immunity as contained in the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 in the coastal states and jurisdictions of the United States. As a national and not-for-profit organization, MSRC was a viable catalyst for successfully advocating the adoption of responder immunity. By the end of 1992, the 25 states/jurisdictions in MSRC's primary operating area had adopted responder immunity.
PROTECTION OF NATURAL RESOURCES AGAINST OIL SPILLS BY BOOM ARRANGEMENTS
Authors: Wong Kau-Fui Vincent , Guerrero Diego 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
An experiment and a computational approach were used to study flow fields around boom arrangements. A volume analysis was performed to quantify the effectiveness of the boom arrangements. The open-channel experiment showed that the booms were most effective when placed at 60° to the shoreline with cylinders placed along the center line. The results of the numerical algorithm were compared with the experimental results, which showed the influence of the cylinders and the recirculation formed between the walls to corral the oil.
A NEW TOOL FOR LARGE-SCALE OIL COMBAT
Authors: Ouwerkerk M. R. , Verbeek P. R. H. , Schut T. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
Trailing suction hopper dredges maintain ports and their entrance channels around the world. Several of these dredges have already operated as oil spill cleanup vessels as a secondary assignment. Different types of available oil spill response systems were applied.
Recent developments allow these dredges to use their own dredge pumps, making these vessels by far the largest capacity oil spill cleanup vessels available in the world. The add-on system requires no modifications of the vessel and a relatively low investment. Tests have documented very good performance.
EMERGENCY WEATHER STATION SYSTEM SUPPORT TO OIL SPILL RESPONSE
Authors: Wilson Evelyn E. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
An emergency weather station (EWS) system has been developed by Environment Canada to meet the demand for specialized services during disasters. This portable system is designed to gather and analyze field data effectively and to provide dedicated and timely briefings directly to emergency responders at their field sites. Atmospheric, ice, and sea-state data are collected and integrated in real time on spatial and temporal scales improved from that of the existing networks. These mesoscale observations and analyses of both surface and upper-air parameters are invaluable in data-sparse coastal areas and over the open water.
PROTOCOL DEVELOPMENT FOR SORBENT CONTAINMENT BOOMS
Authors: Cooper David , Nordvik Atle 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
The Emergencies Engineering Division (EED) of Environment Canada, the Marine Spill Response Corporation, the Canadian Coast Guard, the United States Coast Guard, and the United States Minerals Management Service funded a project that resulted in the development of a new standard performance testing protocol for oil spill sorbents. As a continuation of this project, work is being performed to develop a protocol for testing sorbent booms in a containment configuration at the EED test tank facility in Ottawa. The protocol includes elements to test the behavior of sorbent booms using various currents, oil loading rates, and oil viscosities. The protocol will be proposed as a Canadian test standard and eventually as an international standard.
TEFLON NETS: A NOVEL APPROACH TO THIN FILM OIL SAMPLING
Authors: Greimann Dean , Zohn April , Plourde Kristy , Reilly Thomas 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
Thin film oil sampling has presented a significant problem because of the limited volume of oil typically obtained via the traditional sampling techniques, decanting and TFE fluorocarbon (Teflon) strip adsorption, described in ASTM-D4489, the consensus standard governing waterborne oil sampling. A novel approach to thin film oil sampling, using prototype Teflon mesh nets, was examined in this study. Benchtop experiments were designed to examine material type and mesh size considerations relative to the International Maritime Organization's oil thickness/appearance scale. The results of field experiments using the prototype Teflon nets indicate that the performance of the Teflon nets is far superior to either of the decanting or Teflon strip sampling methods in thin film oil sampling applications.
BIOREMEDIATION STUDY OF SPILLED CRUDE OIL ON FOWLER BEACH, DELAWARE
Authors: Venosa Albert D. , Haines John R. , Wrenn Brian A. , Strohmeier Kevin L. , Eberhart B. Loye , Kadkhodayan Miryam , Holder Edith , Suidan Makram T. , King Dennis , Anderson Benjamin 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
A statistical approach was used to determine whether nutrient and/or microbial inoculation enhances the loss of crude oil experimentally released onto plots on the shoreline of Delaware Bay. Five replicates of three treatments were examined (nutrients alone, nutrients plus an inoculum of indigenous bacteria from the site, and an unamended control). An unoiled control served as a baseline for microbiological and toxicological studies. Preliminary results suggested that, although microbial growth was similar on all oiled plots, alkanes degraded faster on the nutrient plots than on the unamended plots by week 2.
UNIFIED COMMAND: THE MECHANISM FOR ENSURING A COMPREHENSIVE, COORDINATED RESPONSE
Authors: McCloskey Thomas G. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
When an oil spill incident occurs, it should be viewed as a single problem, requiring a single, highly focused response effort. Constructing such an effort can be difficult when multiple organizations exist with the authority to launch simultaneous, potentially divergent response operations. The unified command concept is designed to address this problem and specify, for example, the primary responsibilities of the unified commanders. The concept also addresses the relationship between a unified command structure and a responsible party's management team, and describes how the two are integrated during response operations.
SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS IN OIL SPILL MODELS: CASE STUDY USING ADIOS
Authors: Overstreet Roy , Lewandowski Andrzej , Lehr William , Jones Robert , Simecek-Beatty Debra , Calhoun Donna 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
The Hazardous Material Response and Assessment Division (HAZMAT) at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration uses the oil weathering software package named Automated Data Inquiry for Oil Spills (ADIOS) to investigate the oil weathering process. This model combines a database of physical and chemical properties of oils with a simulation model computing mass losses, density, viscosity, and water content of an oil spill due to evaporation, dispersion, and emulsification.
A first-order sensitivity analysis of the ADIOS evaporation algorithm indicates that it might be possible to provide a taxonomy of oils with respect to the reliability of results generated by the model.
AIRBORNE DETECTION, IMAGING AND TELEMETRY OF OIL AND OTHER SPECTRAL FEATURES ON THE OCEAN SURFACE
Authors: Giammona Charles P. , Engelhardt F. Rainer , Binkley Kandace S. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
A transition is underway in imaging technology for airborne surveillance and reconnaissance operations. Large independent sensor systems carried in dedicated airframes, are being replaced by more economical, compact, and integrated multisensor arrays with a common processor that are portable enough to fit into a variety of small aircraft. Development of such a system was stimulated by a perceived need to enhance marine oil spill response and cleanup, and to better mitigate the environmental and economic impact of such incidents.
The newest of these systems incorporates an aerial platform, a suite of advanced commercial sensors, a six degrees of freedom global positioning system (GPS), advanced database technology to manage spatial data, and image analysis capabilities.
The operational goal of this development is to furnish valuable reconnaissance information in real time to ground users. Such a capability could advance oil spill response and other applications where rapid acquisition, integration, and communication of complex data is essential to decision-making. The ability to conduct day, night, and adverse weather surveillance operations is restricted in current systems and is another benefit this system is designed to provide.
The innovation in the system especially lies in the development of a common processor and image fusion system which integrates, georeferences, and geocorrects multisensor data and transmits it in real time. A graphic interface was designed to provide maps or other projections as a spatial reference system on which to plot data from a surveillance mission. New imaging numerical methods allow processing of composite images, multi-image mosaics, change detection, and other data manipulation, and were tested in field trials of the system.
IN SITU BIOREMEDIATION OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON CONTAMINATED SOIL AND GROUND WATER
Authors: Jerger Douglas E. , Woodhull Patrick M. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
OHM designed and installed an in situ bioremediation system with an above ground water treatment system at a petroleum hydrocarbon distribution and fuel facility. The remediation system consists of an infiltration trench system to deliver treated, amended ground water to the upper silty lens, and an injection well system to deliver water to the lower sand and gravel lens. A French drain is located downgradient of the groundwater injection systems to provide hydraulic control of the site. Recovered ground water is pumped to an on-site treatment system prior to re-injection.
DECONTAMINATION FOR THE T/B MORRIS J. BERMAN INCIDENT
Authors: Smith Joseph B. H. , McFarland Barry 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
When the tank barge Morris J. Berman went aground near San Juan, Puerto Rico, the ensuing cleanup created the need for a major decontamination effort. A main decontamination site was established, with supplemental operations at six satellite sites. Mobile decontamination teams were dispatched as needed to a number of remote sites. In all, more than 100 personnel participated in the decontamination effort.
THE U.S. EPA 1994 NATIONAL SURVEY OF OIL STORAGE FACILITIES
Authors: Weiner Janet LaFiandra , DeVeaux Jennie , Brown Paul 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
In an effort to better characterize the facilities regulated by the agency's oil pollution prevention regulations, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is conducting a national survey of oil storage facilities that are potentially subject to 40 CFR Part 112 (the 1994 SPCC Facilities Study).
CALIFORNIA'S AREA CONTINGENCY PLANS: A SUCCESSFUL STATE/FEDERAL PARTNERSHIP
Authors: Sutkus Adam 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
The area planning effort that took place in California in 1993 was unique in its level of coordination between state, local, and federal offices, as well as in its strict organizational format to get the job done. The completed documents stand as models for the rest of the nation to follow, and the methods used to accomplish this goal highlight a useful approach to complex programmatic tasks.
CONSENSUS-BASED, CONSOLIDATED CONTINGENCY PLAN1
Authors: Mowery Roger D. , Edgar Bill 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
The authors of the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA 90) viewed the key to effective response to be a contingency plan developed by all stakeholders. OPA 90 laid the groundwork for developing true consensus-based contingency plans. Northwest U.S. state and federal agencies have combined the plans of two U.S. Coast Guard Captain of the Port zones, one Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) region, and three states into one document that addresses general operational and administrative spill response issues. Operational issues that differ among the participants are covered in comprehensive geographic response plans (GRPs).
CISPRI TECHNICAL MANUAL—A DIFFERENT APPROACH
Authors: Askin Victoria 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
Cook Inlet Spill Prevention & Response, Inc. (CISPRI) is an oil industry sponsored oil spill response cooperative with headquarters in Nikiski, Alaska. CISPRI presently provides a variety of spill response services in support of member company petroleum operations in the Cook Inlet region of Alaska.
Currently, each of CISPRI's 12 member companies has one or more contingency plans (one company has seven). By utilizing a single agency-approved CISPRI Technical Manual, each member is allowed to include in their C-Plan, by reference, all common response information that is included in the CISPRI Technical Manual.
CLEAN COASTAL WATERS COST PARTICIPATION FORMULA
Authors: Sartor J. Michael , Gregory Christopher L. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
Clean Coastal Waters, Inc.'s (CCW) cost participation formula (COSTPART™) is a computerized formula which calculates the cost allocation of CCW operations and equipment purchases to member companies. Costs are allocated on the basis of oil volumes handled during specific oil-handling activities such as terminal transfers, production operations, and pipeline operations. The formula accounts for the relative risks of spill occurrence for the various activities, using a relative risk analysis of historical spills resulting from activities similar to those performed by CCW members. COSTPART is statistically based and has been adapted for use on IBM-compatible personal computers.
DECISION SUPPORT FOR OIL SPILL RESPONSE CONFIGURATION PLANNING
Authors: Desimone Roberto , Agosta John Mark 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
We have developed a prototype oil spill response configuration system to help U. S. Coast Guard (USCG) planners determine the appropriate response equipment and personnel for major spills. Advanced artificial intelligence planning techniques, as well as other software tools, have been applied to spill trajectory modeling, plan evaluation, and map display. We have successfully demonstrated the initial prototype system to various USCG personnel at the regional and national levels on a specific major spill scenario from the San Francisco Bay area.
COSS: A MESOSCALE TEST BED FOR NEARSHORE SPILL RESEARCH
Authors: Reilly Timothy J. , Wise William R. , Kraus Nicholas C. , Jamail Robin 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
A large wave tank prototype known as the Coastal Oil-spill Simulation System was designed, constructed, and tested, yielding a basic facility that accurately models nearshore physical conditions. This tank design has direct application in testing chemical and biological oil spill treating agents.
CALIFORNIA OFFICE OF OIL SPILL PREVENTION AND RESPONSE
Authors: Garcia Mark B. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
The Office of Oil Spill Prevention and Response (OSPR), the Department of Fish and Game, is the lead state agency charged with oil spill prevention and response in the marine environment of the state of California. The OSPR was established pursuant to the California Oil Spill Prevention and Response Act of 1990. The legislation provides the OSPR Administrator with substantial authority to direct spill response, cleanup, and natural resource damage assessment activities.
OIL SPILL CONTINGENCY PLANNING CRITERIA FOR INTERNATIONAL RIVER BASINS
Authors: Figueroa Elia Gómez 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
Many issues must be taken into account during the development and implementation of bilateral oil spill contingency plans for rivers and river basins shared by two or more countries. Such bilateral plans between Ecopetrol Colombia and PDVSA Venezuela respond to the need for well-designed tools for response to spills in international river basins that are near or within areas where petroleum exploration, production, and transportation activities are being carried out. Information collected during the last six years helped in the development of this bilateral oil spill contingency plan.
NEW OIL SPILL ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION AND CONTINGENCY PLAN REQUIREMENTS—ARGENTINA
Authors: Gundlach Erich R. , Rizzato Hugo A. , Nastri Enrique , Murut Aldo 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
As part of a concurrent wave of environmental awareness and restructuring of the oil industry in Argentina, the Secretariat of Energy, building upon an initial study by the Argentine Petroleum Institute, has developed several new regulations and guidelines designed to protect the environment. Exploration, development, and production of oilfields are now subject to new environment controls and the format and content of environment impact analyses, and oil spill contingency plans are defined. Offshore regulations are expected in 1994195.
PRIVATE SECTOR/GOVERNMENT COOPERATION DURING A BAHRAIN SPILL RESPONSE OPERATION
Authors: Brown Derek J. S. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
On November 23, 1993 a barge struck one of the undersea crude oil lines from Saudi Arabia to Bahrain. The resultant spill released approximately 4,000 bbl of crude into the sea and sensitive adjacent beach areas.
The BAPCO oil spills contingency plan contains procedures for cooperation with appropriate private sector and government agencies and these were set in motion at once, coincident with company response. The Response Command Centre, immediately initiated a GAOCMAO (Gulf Area Oil Companies Mutual Aid Organization) alert.
The Contribution of all these resources resulted in the cleanup being completed 10 days after the spill.