bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro‐induced differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into melanocytes
Authors: Mei Xingyu , Sun Yue , Wu Zhouwei , Pan Weihua , Zhu Jianyu , Shi Weimin 
Published: February 2015

AbstractLarge numbers of autogenous melanocytes (Mcs) are required when conducting studies on tissue engineering of skin and performing surgical treatment of depigmentation diseases. This study was conducted to explore the possibility of inducing differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into Mcs as a means of providing autogenous Mcs for purposes of tissue engineering and clinical treatment. MSCs were harvested from the bone marrows of black mice; and after six passages, hydrocortisone, insulin, transferrin and fibroblast growth factor were applied to induce their differentiation into Mcs. The morphological and ultrastructural characteristics of the newly differentiated cells were observed. The transcription and expression of multiple markers were examined using qRT‐PCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence analysis. Cell cycle phases and yields of Mcs were analyzed by flow cytometry. Following 120–180 days induction, differentiated cells were morphologically similar to Mcs, and mature melanosomes were observed. Multiple markers of Mcs, but not melanoma cells, were expressed by the differentiated cells. Most induced Mcs were in phase G1 or S, and yield of target cells was ∼80%. Mcs induced from bone marrow MSCs for periods of 120–180 days represent a potential source of autogenous Mcs.
Use of Anodic TiO2 Nanotube Layers as Mesoporous Scaffolds for Fabricating CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite‐Based Solid‐State Solar Cells
Authors: Salazar Raul , Altomare Marco , Lee Kiyoung , Tripathy Jyotsna , Kirchgeorg Robin , Nguyen Nhat Truong , Mokhtar Mohamed , Alshehri Abdelmohsen , Al‐Thabaiti Shaeel A. , Schmuki Patrik 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe optimize the deposition of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite into mesoporous electrodes consisting of anodic TiO2 nanotube layers. By a simple spin‐coating approach, complete filling of the tube scaffolds is obtained, which leads to interdigitated perovskite structures in conformal contact with the TiO2 tube counterparts. Such assemblies can be used as solid‐state solar cells in a hole‐transporting‐material‐free configuration, that is, the tube scaffold serves as electron collector and blocking layer, while the perovskite acts as visible‐light absorber and hole‐transporting material. We show that the complete filling of the tube scaffold with the perovskite is essential to improve the solar cell efficiency.
Control of the Intermolecular Coupling of Dibromotetracene on Cu(110) by the Sequential Activation of CBr and CH Bonds
Authors: Ferrighi Lara , Píš Igor , Nguyen Thanh Hai , Cattelan Mattia , Nappini Silvia , Basagni Andrea , Parravicini Matteo , Papagni Antonio , Sedona Francesco , Magnano Elena , Bondino Federica , Di Valentin Cristiana , Agnoli Stefano 
Published: February 2015

AbstractDibromotetracene molecules are deposited on the Cu(110) surface at room temperature. The complex evolution of this system has been monitored at different temperatures (i.e., 298, 523, 673, and 723 K) by means of a variety of complementary techniques that range from STM and temperature‐programmed desorption (TPD) to high‐resolution X‐ray spectroscopy (XPS) and near‐edge X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS). State‐of‐the‐art density‐functional calculations were used to determine the chemical processes that take place on the surface. After deposition at room temperature, the organic molecules are transformed into organometallic monomers through debromination and carbon‐radical binding to copper adatoms. Organometallic dimers, trimers, or small oligomers, which present copper‐bridged molecules, are formed by increasing the temperature. Surprisingly, further heating to 673 K causes the formation of elongated chains along the Cu(110) close‐packed rows as a consequence of radical‐site migration to the thermodynamically more stable molecule heads. Finally, massive dehydrogenation occurs at the highest temperature followed by ring condensation to nanographenic patches. This study is a paradigmatic example of how intermolecular coupling can be modulated by the stepwise control of a simple parameter, such as temperature, through a sequence of domino reactions.
Enantioselective Halogenative Semi‐Pinacol Rearrangement: Extension of Substrate Scope and Mechanistic Investigations
Authors: Romanov‐Michailidis Fedor , Romanova‐Michaelides Maria , Pupier Marion , Alexakis Alexandre 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe present Full Paper article discloses a survey of our recent results obtained in the context of the enantioselective halogenation‐initiated semi‐pinacol rearrangement. Commencing with the fluorination/semi‐pinacol reaction first and moving to the heavier halogens (bromine and iodine) second, the scope and limitations of the halogenative phase‐transfer methodology will be discussed and compared. An extension of the fluorination/semi‐pinacol reaction to the ring‐expansion of five‐membered allylic cyclopentanols will be also described, as well as some preliminary results on substrates prone to desymmetrization will be given. Finally, the present manuscript will culminate with a detailed mechanistic investigation of the canonical fluorination/semi‐pinacol reaction. Our mechanistic discussion will be based on in situ reaction progress monitoring, complemented with substituent effect, kinetic isotopic effect and non‐linear behaviour studies.
Total Synthesis of an Exceptional Brominated 4‐Pyrone Derivative of Algal Origin: An Exercise in Gold Catalysis and Alkyne Metathesis
Authors: Hoffmeister Laura , Fukuda Tsutomu , Pototschnig Gerit , Fürstner Alois 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA concise approach to the algal metabolite 1 is described, which also determines the previously unknown stereostructure of this natural product. Compound 1 is distinguished by a rare brominated 4‐pyrone nucleus linked as a ketene–acetal to a polyunsaturated macrocyclic scaffold comprising an extra homoallylic bromide entity. The synthesis of 1 is based on the elaboration and selective functionalization of the linear precursor 23 endowed with no less than six different sites of unsaturation including the highly enolized oxo‐alkanoate function. Key to success was the formation of the 2‐alkoxy‐4‐pyrone ring by a novel gold‐catalyzed transformation which engages only the acetylenic β‐ketoester substructure of 23 but leaves all other π‐bonds untouched. The synthesis was completed by a ring‐closing alkyne metathesis to forge the signature cycloalkyne motif of 1 followed by selective bromination of the ketene–acetal site in the resulting product 27 without touching the skipped diene–yne substructure resident within the macrocyclic tether.
Diabetes and Ischemic Heart Disease Death in People Age 25–54: A Multiple‐Cause‐of‐Death Analysis Based on Over 400 000 Deaths From 1990 to 2008 in New York City
Authors: Quinones Adriana , Lobach Iryna , Maduro Gil A. , Smilowitz Nathaniel R. , Reynolds Harmony R. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundOver the past decade, ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality trends have been less favorable among adults age 25–54 than age ≥55 years.HypothesisDisorders associated with IHD such as diabetes, chronic inflammatory and infectious diseases, and cocaine use are important contributors to premature IHD mortality.MethodsMultiple‐cause‐of‐death analysis was performed using the New York City (NYC) Vital Statistics database. Frequencies of selected contributing causes on death records with IHD as the underlying cause for decedents age ≥25 were assessed (n = 418,151; 1990–2008). Concurrent Telephone risk‐factor surveys (NYC Community Health Survey, Centers for Disease Control Behavioral Risk Factor Survey in New York State) were analyzed.ResultsIn sum, a prespecified contributing cause was identified on 13.6% of death certificates for IHD decedents age 25–54. Diabetes was reported more frequently for younger IHD decedents (15% of females and 10% of males age 25–54 vs 6% of both sexes age ≥ 55). In contrast, concurrent diabetes prevalence in New York State was 3.4% for those age 25–54 and 13.6% for those age >55 (P < 0.0001). Systemic lupus erythematosus, human immunodeficiency virus, and cocaine were also more likely to contribute to IHD death among younger than older people.ConclusionsDiabetes may be a potent risk factor for IHD death in young people, particularly young women, in whom it was reported on IHD death records at a rate 5× higher than local prevalence. The high frequency of reporting of studied contributing causes in younger IHD decedents may provide a focus for further IHD mortality‐reduction efforts in younger adults.
Surfactant Effects on the Morphology and Pseudocapacitive Behavior of V2O5⋅H2O
Authors: Qian Aniu , Zhuo Kai , Shin Myung Sik , Chun Woo Won , Choi Bit Na , Chung Chan‐Hwa 
Published: February 2015

AbstractTo overcome the drawback of low electrical conductivity within supercapacitor applications, several surfactants are used for nanoscale V2O5 to enhance the specific surface area. Polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG‐6000), sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS), and Pluronic P‐123 (P123) controllers, if used as soft templates, easily form large specific surface area crystals. However, the specific mechanism through which this occurs and the influence of these surfactants is not clear for V2O5⋅H2O. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the mechanism of crystal growth through hydrothermal processes and the pseudocapacitive behavior of these crystals formed by using diverse surfactants, including PEG‐6000, SDBS, and P123. Our results show that different surfactants can dramatically influence the morphology and capacitive behavior of V2O5⋅H2O powders. Linear nanowires, flower‐like flakes, and curly bundled nanowires can be obtained because of electrostatic interactions in the presence of PEG‐6000, SDBS, and P123, respectively. Furthermore, the electrochemical performance of these powders shows that the nanowires, which are electrodes mediated by PEG‐6000, exhibit the highest capacitance of 349 F g−1 at a scan rate of 5 mV s−1 of all the surfactants studied. However, a symmetric P123 electrode comprising curly bundled nanowires with numerous nanopores showed an excellent and stable specific capacitance of 127 F g−1 after 200 cycles. This work is beneficial to understanding the fundamental role of the surfactant in the assisted growth of V2O5⋅H2O and the resulting electrochemical properties of the pseudocapacitors, which could be useful for the future design of appropriate materials.
Prevalence of unrecognized diabetes, prediabetes and metabolic syndrome in patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Balakrishnan Revathi , Berger Jeffrey S. , Tully Lisa , Vani Anish , Shah Binita , Burdowski Joseph , Fisher Edward , Schwartzbard Arthur , Sedlis Steven , Weintraub Howard , Underberg James A. , Danoff Ann , Slater James A. , Gianos Eugenia 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes mellitus (DM) and metabolic syndrome are important targets for secondary prevention in cardiovascular disease. However, the prevalence in patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention is not well defined. We aimed to analyse the prevalence and characteristics of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with previously unrecognized prediabetes, diabetes and metabolic syndrome.MethodsData were collected from 740 patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention between November 2010 and March 2013 at a tertiary referral center. Prevalence of DM and prediabetes was evaluated using Haemoglobin A1c (A1c ≥ 6.5% for DM, A1c 5.7–6.4% for prediabetes). A modified definition was used for metabolic syndrome [three or more of the following criteria: body mass index ≥30 kg/m2; triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL; high density lipoprotein <40 mg/dL in men and <50 mg/dL in women; systolic blood pressure ≥ 130 mmHg and/or diastolic ≥ 85 mmHg; and A1c ≥ 5.7% or on therapy].ResultsMean age was 67 years, median body mass index was 28.2 kg/m2 and 39% had known DM. Of those without known DM, 8.3% and 58.5% met A1c criteria for DM and for prediabetes at time of percutaneous coronary intervention. Overall, 54.9% met criteria for metabolic syndrome (69.2% of patients with DM and 45.8% of patients without DM).ConclusionAmong patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention, a substantial number were identified with a new DM, prediabetes, and/or metabolic syndrome. Routine screening for an abnormal glucometabolic state at the time of revascularization may be useful for identifying patients who may benefit from additional targeting of modifiable risk factors. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Injuries to appendage extremities and digit tips: A clinical and cellular update
Authors: Rinkevich Yuval , Maan Zeshaan N. , Walmsley Graham G. , Sen Subhro K. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTBackground The regrowth of amputated appendage extremities and the distal tips of digits represent models of tissue regeneration in multiple vertebrate taxa. In humans, digit tip injuries, including traumatic amputation and crush injuries, are among the most common type of injury to the human hand. Despite clinical reports demonstrating natural regeneration of appendages in lower vertebrates and human digits, current treatment options are suboptimal, and are complicated by the anatomical complexities and functions of the different tissues within the digits. Results: In light of these challenges, we focus on recent advancements in understanding appendage regeneration from model organisms. We pay special attention to the cellular programs underlying appendage regeneration, where cumulative data from salamanders, fish, frogs, and mice indicate that regeneration occurs by the actions of lineage‐restricted precursors. We focus on pathologic states and the interdependency that exists, in both humans and animal models, between the nail organ and the peripheral nerves for successful regeneration. Conclusions: The increased understanding of regeneration in animal models may open new opportunities for basic and translational research aimed at understanding the mechanisms that support limb regeneration, as well as amelioration of limb abnormalities and pathologies. Developmental Dynamics 244:641–650, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Diastereoselective Route to trans‐2‐Aryl‐2,3‐dihydrobenzofurans through Sequential Cross‐Metathesis/Isomerization/Allylboration Reactions: Synthesis of Bioactive Neolignans
Authors: Hemelaere Rémy , Carreaux François , Carboni Bertrand 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA new highly diastereoselective synthetic route to trans‐2,3‐dihydrobenzofuran systems, in particular those bearing an aryl substituent at the C2 position, is described. The cornerstone of our strategy is the implementation of a cross‐metathesis/isomerization/allylboration sequence starting from 2‐allyl‐substituted phenols and aldehydes. After an intramolecular Mitsunobu cyclization step, the anti‐homoallylic alcohols allow the synthesis of the desired skeleton in a stereoselective fashion. As an illustration, we used this strategy for the preparation of the dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol (1a), a natural dihydrobenzofuran neolignan, as well as for a formal synthesis of its O‐demethylated derivative 1b. An enantioselective version of this approach employing a chiral phosphoric acid in the allylboration step is also studied.
Facile Arene Hydrogenation under Flow Conditions Catalyzed by Rhodium or Ruthenium on Carbon
Authors: Hattori Tomohiro , Ida Takashi , Tsubone Aya , Sawama Yoshinari , Monguchi Yasunari , Sajiki Hironao 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAn efficient and practical protocol for the flow hydrogenation of aromatic rings was developed. The hydrogenation of a variety of aromatic compounds, such as benzene, furan, and pyridine derivatives, could be completed within only 20 s during a single pass through a catalyst cartridge containing 10 % rhodium on carbon (Rh/C) or 10 % ruthenium on carbon (Ru/C) under neutral conditions. The protocol was successfully applied to a 10 mmol scale reaction. Furthermore, the 10 % Rh/C and 10 % Ru/C did not deteriorate during the entire study.
Voluntary activation of trunk extensors appears normal in young adults who have recovered from low back pain
Authors: Chiou S.Y. , Jeevathol A. , Odedra A. , Strutton P.H. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundLow back pain (LBP) is associated with alterations in control of trunk movements and changes within central nervous system (CNS). Evidence shows that some of these alterations within the CNS are reversible when the symptoms are relieved, whereas other shows the opposite. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to investigate whether alterations in voluntary activation (VA) of central neural drive, as assessed using twitch interpolation to measure VA, are present in subjects with a history of low back pain (HLBP), who are free from pain at the time of experiment.MethodsTwelve adults with HLBP and 12 controls participated. Bilateral electromyographic recordings were obtained from erector spiane muscles at two vertebral levels (T12 and L4) and from rectus abdominis. Participants performed a series of brief isometric back extensions (50–100% maximum voluntary contraction) during which transcranial magnetic stimulation was delivered. The sizes of the evoked (superimposed) twitches were measured using dynamometry and VA was derived. The amplitude of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) and duration of cortical silent period (CSP) in erector spinae muscles were calculated; questionnaires were used to evaluate disability, levels of physical activity, quality of life and pain.ResultsThe level of VA was not significantly different between HLBP and control groups. Additionally, there were no between‐group differences in the time‐to‐peak amplitudes of the twitches, MEP amplitudes or duration of CSP.ConclusionsThe ability to voluntarily activate back extensor muscles maximally does not appear to be impaired in subjects with a history of LBP during pain‐free episodes.
Electrochemical Characterization of Clean Shape‐Controlled Pt Nanoparticles Prepared in Presence of Oleylamine/Oleic Acid
Authors: Arán‐Ais Rosa M. , Vidal‐Iglesias Francisco J. , Solla‐Gullón Jose , Herrero Enrique , Feliu Juan M. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA collection of shape‐controlled Pt nanoparticles has been prepared using two different and previously described methodologies, both using oleylamine/oleic acid as capping material/solvent. A new decontamination protocol is presented to effectively clean the surface of the different nanoparticles thus allowing a full exposure of their surface area and consequently to make the most of their surface structure dependent reactivity. Subsequently, the clean shape‐controlled Pt nanoparticles have been electrochemically characterized and their electrocatalytic properties evaluated towards some surface structure reactions of interest. The results indicate that the full characterization of the surface structure cannot be done exclusively by the available microscopy techniques, since it is very difficult to determine the presence of surface defects. Additional surface characterization probes, such as those provided by electrochemical surface sensitive reactions, have been used to assess the surface structure of the samples.
Technical mapping of solar PV for ISM‐an approach toward green campus
Authors: Chakraborty Suprava , Sadhu Pradip Kumar , Pal Nitai 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis paper aims toward the first step for green campus approach for Indian School of Mines (ISM) campus. Comparative study of the performances for nine different commercialized solar panels made of Maxeon Cell Technology, HIT (Heterojunction with Intrinsic Thin layer), monocrystalline silicon (Mono C‐Si), polycrystalline silicon (Poly C‐Si), Micromorph, SCHOTT, amorphous silicon (a‐Si), CIGS, CdTe technologies in the environmental condition of ISM are presented in this paper. This system suggests to supply the daytime electricity demand of ISM campus as well as efficient use of the huge roof areas of different buildings to setting up the photovoltaic plant. This system ensures a daily mean reduction of 8 MWh electricity consumption from grid. The outcome of this study is that a superior performance is noted for modules made of amorphous silicon technology under the typical temperature variant and dry environmental condition of ISM campus.
Copayments and Emergency Department Use Among Adult Medicaid Enrollees
Authors: Sabik Lindsay M. , Gandhi Sabina Ohri 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA number of state Medicaid programs have recently proposed or implemented new or increased copayments for nonemergent emergency department (ED) visits. Evidence suggests that copayments generally reduce the level of healthcare utilization, although there is little specific evidence regarding the effectiveness of copayments in reducing nonurgent ED use among Medicaid enrollees or other low‐income populations. Encouraging efficient and appropriate use of healthcare services will be of particular importance for Medicaid programs as they expand under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. This analysis uses national data from 2001 to 2009 to examine the effect of copayments on nonurgent ED utilization among nonelderly adult enrollees. We find that visits among Medicaid enrollees in state‐years where a copayment is in place are significantly less likely to be for nonurgent reasons. Our findings suggest that copayments may be an effective tool for reducing use of the ED for nonurgent care. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mitigated reactive oxygen species generation leads to an improvement of cell proliferation on poly[glycidyl methacrylate‐co‐poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate] functionalized polydimethylsiloxane surfaces
Authors: Yu Ling , Shi ZhuanZhuan , Gao LiXia , Li ChangMing 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn vitrocell‐based analysis is strongly affected by material's surface chemical properties. The cell spreading, migration, and proliferation on a substrate surface are initiated and controlled by successful adhesion, particularly for anchor‐dependent cells. Unfortunately, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), one of the most used polymeric materials for construction of microfluidic and miniaturized biomedical analytic devices, is not a cell‐friendly surface because of its inherent hydrophobic property. Herein, a poly[glycidyl methacrylate‐co‐poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate] (poly(GMA‐co‐pEGMA)) polymer brush was synthesized on a PDMS surface through a surface‐initiated atom‐transfer radical polymerization method. Contact angle and Fourier transform infrared characterization show that the poly (GMA‐co‐pEGMA) polymer brush functionalization can increase wettability of PDMS and introduce epoxy, hydroxyl, and ether groups into PDMS surface.In vitrocell growth assay demonstrates that cell adhesion and proliferation on poly(GMA‐co‐pEGMA) polymer brush‐functionalized PDMS (poly(GMA‐co‐pEGMA)@PDMS) are better than on pristine PDMS. Additionally, immobilization of collagen type I (CI) and fibronectin (FN) on poly(GMA‐co‐pEGMA)@PDMS is better than direct coating of CI and FN on pristine PDMS to promote cell adhesion. Furthermore, increased intracellular reactive oxygen species and cell mitochondrial membrane depolarization, two indicators of cell oxidative stress, are observed from cells growing on pristine PDMS, but not from those on poly(GMA‐co‐pEGMA)@PDMS. Collectively, we demonstrate that poly(GMA‐co‐pEGMA) functionalization can enhance cell adhesion and proliferation on PDMS, and thus can be potentially used for microfluidic cell assay devices for cellular physiology study or drug screening. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 2987–2997, 2015.