bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ferritin levels and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: an updated systematic review and meta‐analysis of prospective evidence
Authors: Kunutsor Setor K. , Apekey Tanefa A. , Walley John , Kain Kirti 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackgroundEmerging evidence suggests that a strong link that exists between elevated baseline body iron stores and high risk of incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in general populations, but the precise magnitude of the associations remains uncertain.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of published prospective studies evaluating the associations of baseline ferritin (a biomarker of body iron stores) levels with risk of T2DM in general populations. A subsidiary review of dietary heme iron status and T2DM risk associations was also conducted. Studies were identified in a literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science up to October 2012.ResultsOf the 730 studies reviewed for eligibility, 12 published studies involving 185 462 participants and 11 079 incident T2DM events were included in the analyses. Nine studies assessed associations between ferritin levels and T2DM with heterogeneous findings (I2 = 58%, 12–80%, p = 0.014). The pooled fully adjusted relative risk (RR) with (95% confidence interval) for T2DM was 1.73 (1.35–2.22) in a comparison of extreme fifths of baseline ferritin levels. Three studies evaluated associations between dietary heme iron status and T2DM with a corresponding RR for T2DM of 1.28 (1.16–1.41). In dose–response analyses, the pooled RRs for an increment of 5 ng/mL in ferritin levels and 5 mg/day in dietary heme iron were, respectively, 1.01 (0.99–1.02) and 3.24 (2.05–5.10).ConclusionElevated levels of ferritin may help identify individuals at high risk of T2DM. Further research is warranted to establish causality of these associations and to ascertain which patients are likely to benefit from lifestyle or therapeutic interventions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Whither pathogenetic treatments for diabetic polyneuropathy?
Authors: Boulton Andrew J. M. , Kempler Peter , Ametov Alexander , Ziegler Dan 
Published: February 2013

SummaryDiabetic distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSPN) occurs in around one‐third of patients with diabetes and is associated with significant morbidity and increased mortality. Diagnosis and clinical assessment of DSPN remain a challenge, not only for the physician in clinical practice but also for clinical trials. Optimal diabetes control is generally considered an essential first step in the prevention and management of DSPN. However, glycaemic control alone may be insufficient to prevent the development or progression of DSPN, especially in type 2 diabetes. Near‐normoglycaemia is also difficult to achieve in a significant proportion of patients. Although considerable advances have been made in symptomatic pain management, these have not addressed the problem of sensory deficits and have no impact on the underlying pathogenesis of DSPN. There remains a lack of treatment options that effectively target the natural history of the disease. Several pathogenetic treatment approaches have been investigated, but evidence from clinical trials is limited with a number of treatments having shown disappointing results. However, some pathogenetic therapies have shown clinically relevant improvements in neuropathic endpoints in randomised controlled trials, in particular α‐lipoic acid and Actovegin. These advances in DSPN disease modification need to be confirmed with further robust evidence from clinical trials together with a better understanding of the mechanisms of action of promising treatments. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An intensive DBT program for patients with multidiagnostic eating disorder presentations: A case series analysis
Authors: Federici Anita , Wisniewski Lucene 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjective:This study presents case‐series data on a novel outpatient program that blends dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) with standard eating disorder (ED) interventions (i.e., food exposure, weight monitoring, cognitive modification, ED psychoeducation) for patients with complex and multidiagnostic ED presentations.Method:Quantitative and qualitative data was collected on a sample of seven consecutively admitted women who presented with a severe ED, a history of several failed treatment attempts, pervasive emotion dysregulation, and significant Axis I or II psychiatric comorbidity (e.g., PTSD, borderline personality disorder).Results:Treatment was associated with reductions in ED symptoms, suicidal and self‐injurious behaviors, treatment interfering behaviors, psychiatric and medical hospitalizations, and clinican burnout.Discussion:Overall, the results suggest that this blended DBT/cognitive behavior therapy for ED treatment model is a promising intervention for this complex and “hard to treat” population. © 2013 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2013)
A placebo‐controlled pilot study of the novel opioid receptor antagonist ALKS‐33 in binge eating disorder
Authors: McElroy Susan L. , Guerdjikova Anna I. , Blom Thomas J. , Crow Scott J. , Memisoglu Asli , Silverman Bernard L. , Ehrich Elliot W. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjective:To assess preliminarily the effectiveness of a novel opioid antagonist, ALKS‐33, in binge eating disorder (BED).Method:In this randomized, placebo‐controlled, flexible dose, proof‐of‐concept trial, 62 outpatients with BED and obesity received ALKS‐33 (N = 26) or placebo (N = 36) for 6 weeks. Outcome measures of binge eating, body weight, and eating pathology were assessed.Results:A large decrease in binge eating episode frequency was observed following both ALKS‐33 and placebo treatment. There was no significant difference between treatment groups in binge eating episode frequency or any other measure of binge eating, body weight, or eating pathology.Discussion:In this preliminary proof‐of‐concept study in BED, ALKS‐33 did not separate from placebo. Although a failed trial cannot be excluded, the finding is consistent with earlier observations in bulimia nervosa with other opioid antagonists and suggests ALKS‐33, at least when administered daily for 6 weeks, may not be efficacious for BED. © 2013 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2013)
Positive Core Beliefs and Their Relationship to Eating Disorder Symptoms in Women
Authors: Cooper Myra J. , Proudfoot Jane 
Published: February 2013

AbstractPositive core beliefs, compared with negative self or negative core beliefs, are relatively neglected in the eating disorder (ED) research literature, despite their significance in treatment. Using a sample of younger women and relevant to those who typically experience EDs, this study outlines a new measure of positive core beliefs and examines its psychometric properties. On the basis of factor analysis, two subscales were developed: positive social self beliefs and positive individual self beliefs. The measure had good internal consistency and good construct validity. Positive individual self beliefs predicted low levels of ED symptoms when confounds were controlled. Positive social self beliefs predicted low levels of depressive symptoms, when confounds were controlled. Positive core beliefs would benefit from further study in subclinical and clinical ED groups of younger women. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Secondary flow deflection in the lee of transverse dunes with implications for dune morphodynamics and migration
Authors: Walker Ian J. , Shugar Dan H. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTMeasurements of lee‐side airflow response from an extensive array of meteorological instruments combined with smoke and flow streamer visualization is used to examine the development and morphodynamic significance of the lee‐side separation vortex over closely spaced transverse dune ridges. A differential deflection mechanism is presented that explains the three‐dimensional pattern of lee‐side airflow structure for a variety of incident flow angles. These flow patterns produce reversed, along‐dune, and deflected surface flow vectors in the lee that are inferred to result in net ‘lateral diversion’ of sand transport over one dune wavelength for incident angles as small as 10° from crest‐transverse (i.e. 80° from the crest line). This lateral displacement increases markedly with incident flow angle when expressed as the absolute value of the total deflection in degrees. Reversed and multi‐directional flow occurs for incident angles between 90° and 50°. These results document the three‐dimensional nature of flow and sand transport over transverse dunes and provide empirical evidence for an oblique migration model. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Origin of double‐tower raft cones in hypogenic caves
Authors: Gázquez Fernando , Calaforra José‐María 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTIn the present paper, we describe the genetic mechanism that causes the precipitation of raft cones in caves. These speleothems usually form in a hydrothermal and epiphreatic environment where dripwater, dripping repeatedly over the same spot, sinks calcite rafts that were floating on the water surface of a cave pool. In particular, the paper describes a new variety of raft cones that were recently discovered in the Paradise Chamber of the Sima de la Higuera Cave (Murcia, south‐eastern Spain) based on their morphological and morphometric characteristics. These speleothems, dubbed ‘double‐tower cones’, have a notch in the middle and look like two cones, one superimposed over the other. The genetic mechanism that gave rise to the double‐tower cones must include an intermediate stage of rapid calcite raft precipitation, caused by a drop in the water table and by changes in cave ventilation leading to greater carbon dioxide (CO2) degassing and evaporation over the surface of the thermal lake where these speleothems formed. Calcite rafts were deposited in Paradise Chamber, completely covering many of the cones. Later, conditions for slower calcite raft precipitation were restored and some of the cones continued to grow at the same points. When the water table finally fell below the level of Paradise Chamber, the tower cones became exposed, as the incongruent deposits of calcite rafts were dissolved and mobilized to lower cave levels. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prevalence and correlates of potentially undetected dementia among residents of institutional care facilities in Ontario, Canada, 2009–2011
Authors: Bartfay Emma , Bartfay Wally J. , Gorey Kevin M. 
Published: February 2013

ObjectivesThis study aims to determine the prevalence of potentially undetected dementia among institutional care facility residents in Ontario, Canada, and to identify factors associated with undetection.MethodsWe utilized a population‐based secondary data analysis approach, pertaining to data from the Canadian Institute for Health Information's Continuing Care Reporting System, 2009–2011. Potentially undetected dementia was defined as having severely impaired cognitive function and requiring extensive assistance on activity of daily living (ADL) but no records of dementia diagnoses. Cognitive function was measured by the Cognitive Performance Scale (CPS), 0 (intact) to 6 (very severe impairment), and ADL by a hierarchy scale, 0 (independent) to 6 (total dependence).ResultsOf the 242,957 residents who had no records of dementia diagnoses, 11.6% (n = 28,078) had a CPS score ≥4 (severe impairment or higher) and ADL score ≥3 (required extensive assistance or more). Data from 11,614 demented residents with corresponding CPS and ADL scores were used for comparison. Residents without dementia diagnosis were younger (77 vs. 84 years), more likely to have never married (20% vs. 6%), and have longer admission (4 vs. 2.8 years). The most significant factors for no diagnoses were never married (adjusted odds ratio = 2.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.91–2.29), admitted to hospital‐based facilities (adjusted odds ratio = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.48–1.69), presence of schizophrenia (adjusted odds ratio = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.22–1.69), depression (adjusted odds ratio = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.16–1.29), and diabetes mellitus (adjusted odds ratio = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.26–1.40).ConclusionsA large number of residents who had poor cognitive function and inadequate ADL ability did not have dementia diagnoses on record. Social and comorbid conditions were contributing factors to potentially undetected dementia. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface response to stratospheric aerosol changes in a coupled atmosphere–ocean model
Authors: Fyfe J. C. , von Salzen K. , Cole J. N. S. , Gillett N. P. , Vernier J.‐P. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractPrevious work with a simple climate model has suggested a global cooling impact of increasing stratospheric aerosol. Here we use a comprehensive Earth System Model including coupled atmosphere and ocean components to show that increasing stratospheric aerosol since the late 1990s has reduced global warming by at least 0.07 C to present and that a further global cooling impact will occur if the observed stratospheric aerosol trend continues to the end of this decade. This result confirms the previous work and suggests that climate models that do not account for stratospheric aerosol increase will overestimate global warming to a small but notable degree. An additional new finding is that increasing stratospheric aerosol since the late 1990s has reduced the rise in global mean precipitation.Finally, regional patterns of change in simulations with stratospheric aerosol increase to year 2020 show ~40% less equatorial precipitation increase and ~60% greater surface pressure decrease around Antarctica, relative to simulations without such stratospheric aerosol changes.
Wnt5a signaling mediates biliary differentiation of fetal hepatic stem/progenitor cells in mice
Authors: Kiyohashi Kei , Kakinuma Sei , Kamiya Akihide , Sakamoto Naoya , Nitta Sayuri , Yamanaka Hideto , Yoshino Kouhei , Fujiki Junko , Murakawa Miyako , Kusano-Kitazume Akiko , Shimizu Hiromichi , Okamoto Ryuichi , Azuma Seishin , Nakagawa Mina , Asahina Yasuhiro , Tanimizu Naoki , Kikuchi Akira , Nakauchi Hiromitsu , Watanabe Mamoru 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

The molecular mechanisms regulating differentiation of fetal hepatic stem/progenitor cells, called hepatoblasts, which play pivotal roles in liver development, remain obscure. Wnt signaling pathways regulate the development and differentiation of stem cells in various organs. Although a β-catenin–independent noncanonical Wnt pathway is essential for cell adhesion and polarity, the physiological functions of noncanonical Wnt pathways in liver development are unknown. Here we describe a functional role for Wnt5a, a noncanonical Wnt ligand, in the differentiation of mouse hepatoblasts. Wnt5a was expressed in mesenchymal cells and other cells of wild-type (WT) midgestational fetal liver. We analyzed fetal liver phenotypes in Wnt5a-deficient mice using a combination of histological and molecular techniques. Expression levels of Sox9 and the number of hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)1β+HNF4α− biliary precursor cells were significantly higher in Wnt5a-deficient liver relative to WT liver. In Wnt5a-deficient fetal liver,

in vivo

formation of primitive bile ductal structures was significantly enhanced relative to WT littermates. We also investigated the function of Wnt5a protein and downstream signaling molecules using a three-dimensional culture system that included primary hepatoblasts or a hepatic progenitor cell line.

In vitro

differentiation assays showed that Wnt5a retarded the formation of bile duct–like structures in hepatoblasts, leading instead to hepatic maturation of such cells. Whereas Wnt5a signaling increased steady-state levels of phosphorylated calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in fetal liver, inhibition of CaMKII activity resulted in the formation of significantly more and larger-sized bile duct–like structures

in vitro

compared with those in vehicle-supplemented controls.

Conclusion:

Wnt5a-mediated signaling in fetal hepatic stem/progenitor cells suppresses biliary differentiation. These findings also suggest that activation of CaMKII by Wnt5a signaling suppresses biliary differentiation.
Interaction of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 polymorphisms with hepatitis B virus mutations in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Xie Jiaxin , Zhang Yuwei , Zhang Qi , Han Yifang , Yin Jianhua , Pu Rui , Shen Qiuxia , Lu Wei , Du Yan , Zhao Jun , Han Xue , Zhang Hongwei , Cao Guangwen 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) mutations and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation are closely associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of

STAT3

have not been implicated in HCC susceptibility. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of

STAT3

SNPs and their interactions with HBV mutations on HCC risk. A total of 2,011 HBV-infected subjects (including 1,021 HCC patients) and 1,012 healthy controls were involved in this study. SNPs rs4796793 (−1697, C>G), rs2293152 (intron 11, C>G), and rs1053004 (3′ untranslated region, T>C) were genotyped using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. HBV mutations were determined via direct sequencing. It was found that rs2293152 (GG versus CC) was significantly associated with HCC risk compared with the subjects without HCC, adjusting for age and sex (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-1.62). The impact of rs2293152 was greater in women compared with men. Compared with HCC-free HBV-infected subjects, rs2293152 GG was solely associated with HCC in women (AOR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.15-3.61). rs2293152 GG was significantly associated with high viral load (≥1 × 104 copies/mL) (AOR, 1.37; 95%, CI 1.01-1.88) and increased frequencies of T1674C/G (AOR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.06-2.46) and A1762T/G1764A (AOR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.14-2.35). In multivariate regression analyses, multiplicative interaction of rs1053004 with T1674C/G significantly increased HCC risk, whereas rs2293152 and A1726C interaction reduced it, adjusting for covariates including HBV mutations in the enhancer II/basal core promoter/precore region; the interaction of rs4796793 with preS2 start codon mutation significantly increased HCC risk, adjusting for covariates including HBV mutations in the preS region.

Conclusion

:

STAT3

SNPs appear to predispose the host with HBV mutations to hepatocarcinogenesis, and this effect may differ in men versus women.

STAT3

SNPs may have applicability in future HCC surveillance algorithms.
Reply to ‘Comment on: Rainfall, fog and throughfall dynamics in a subtropical ridge top cloud forest, National Park of Garajonay (La Gomera, Canary Islands, Spain)’ by A. Ritter and C.M. Regalado
Authors: García‐Santos G. , Bruijnzeel L. A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis Reply aims to clarify and address many of the errors introduced to the discussion of our original paper (García‐Santos and Bruijnzeel, 2011; referred to henceforth as GSB2011) in the comment by Ritter and Regalado (2012) (henceforth referred to as RRR2012) as explained more fully under replies nos. 1–6, 8–12 and 14–18 below. Two (largely inconsequential) shortcomings in our original paper as detected by RRR2012 are acknowledged (see replies nos. 7 and 13 below). It is concluded that the majority of the comments offered by RRR2012 are unfounded as well as unnecessary. In summary, the two errors in GSB2011 spotted by RRR2012 (see points 7 and 13 below) could easily have been addressed in an erratum. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dose‐dependent effects of nicotine on proliferation and differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells and the antagonistic action of vitamin C
Authors: Shen Yue , Liu Hai‐xiao , Ying Xiao‐zhou , Yang Shi‐zhou , Nie Peng‐fei , Cheng Shao‐wen , Wang Wei , Cheng Xiao‐jie , Peng Lei , Xu Hua‐zi 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA range of biological and molecular effects caused by nicotine are considered to effect bone metabolism. Vitamin C functions as a biological antioxidant. This study was to evaluate the in vitro effects of nicotine on human bone marrow stromal cells and whether Vitamin C supplementation show the antagonism action to high concentration nicotine. We used CCK‐8, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, Von Kossa staining, real‐time polymerase chain reaction and Western Blot to evaluate the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. The results indicated that the proliferation of BMSCs increased at the concentration of 50, 100 ng/ml, got inhibited at 1,000 ng/ml. When Vitamin C was added, the OD for proliferation increased. For ALP staining, we found that BMSCs treated with 50 and 100 ng/ml nicotine showed a higher activity compared with the control, and decreased at the 1,000 ng/ml. Bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2) expression and the calcium depositions decreased at 100 and 1,000 ng/ml nicotine, while the addition of Vitamin C reversed the down regulation. By real‐time PCR, we detected that the mRNA expression of collagen type I (COL‐I) and ALP were also increased in 50 and 100 ng/ml nicotine groups (P < 0.05), while reduced at 1,000 ng/ml (P < 0.05). When it came to osteocalcin (OCN), the changes were similar. Taken all together, it is found that nicotine has a two‐phase effect on human BMSCs, showing that low level of nicotine could promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation while the high level display the opposite effect. Vitamin C could antagonize the inhibitory effect of higher concentration of nicotine partly. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 1720–1728, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nitrate in watersheds: Straight from soils to streams?
Authors: Sudduth Elizabeth B. , Perakis Steven S. , Bernhardt Emily S. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractHuman activities are rapidly increasing the global supply of reactive N and substantially altering the structure and hydrologic connectivity of managed ecosystems. There is long‐standing recognition that N must be removed along hydrologic flow paths from uplands to streams, yet it has proven difficult to assess the generality of this removal across ecosystem types and whether these patterns are influenced by land use change. To assess how well upland nitrate (NO3−) loss is reflected in stream export, we gathered information from >50 watershed biogeochemical studies that reported nitrate concentrations ([NO3−]) for stream water and for either upslope soil solution or groundwater NO3− to examine whether stream export of NO3− accurately reflects upland NO3− losses. In this data set, soil solution and stream water [NO3−] were correlated across 40 undisturbed forest watersheds, with stream water [NO3−] typically half (median = 50%) soil solution [NO3−]. A similar relationship was seen in 10 disturbed forest watersheds. However, for 12 watersheds with significant agricultural or urban development, the intercept and slope were both significantly higher than the relationship seen in forest watersheds. Differences in concentration between soil solution or groundwater and stream water may be attributed to biological uptake, microbial processes including denitrification, and/or preferential flow routing. The results of this synthesis are consistent with the hypotheses that undisturbed watersheds have a significant capacity to remove nitrate after it passes below the rooting zone and that land use changes tend to alter the efficiency or the length of watershed flow paths, leading to reductions in nitrate removal and increased stream nitrate concentrations.