bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional characterisation of an intron retaining K+ transporter of barley reveals intron‐mediated alternate splicing
Authors: Shahzad K. , Rauf M. , Ahmed M. , Malik Z. A. , Habib I. , Ahmed Z. , Mahmood K. , Ali R. , Masmoudi K. , Lemtiri‐Chlieh F. , Gehring C. , Berkowitz G. A. , Saeed N. A. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIntron retention in transcripts and the presence of 5ʹ and 3ʹ splice sites within these introns mediate alternate splicing, which is widely observed in animals and plants. Here, functional characterisation of the K+ transporter, HvHKT2;1, with stably retained introns from barley (Hordeum vulgare) in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), and transcript profiling in yeast and transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) is presented. Expression of intron‐retaining HvHKT2;1 cDNA (HvHKT2;1‐i) in trk1, trk2 yeast strain defective in K+ uptake restored growth in medium containing hygromycin in the presence of different concentrations of K+ and mediated hypersensitivity to Na+. HvHKT2;1‐i produces multiple transcripts via alternate splicing of two regular introns and three exons in different compositions. HKT isoforms with retained introns and exon skipping variants were detected in relative expression analysis of (i) HvHKT2;1‐i in barley under native conditions, (ii) in transgenic tobacco plants constitutively expressing HvHKT2;1‐i, and (iii) in trk1, trk2 yeast expressing HvHKT2;1‐i under control of an inducible promoter. Mixed proportions of three HKT transcripts: HvHKT2;1‐e (first exon region), HvHKT2;1‐i1 (first intron) and HvHKT2;1‐i2 (second intron) were observed. The variation in transcript accumulation in response to changing K+ and Na+ concentrations was observed in both heterologous and plant systems. These findings suggest a link between intron‐retaining transcripts and different splice variants to ion homeostasis, and their possible role in salt stress.
Liberal Legitimacy and the Question of Respect
Authors: Jaklic Klemen 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn a modern pluralist society, the idea of liberal legitimacy as proposed byJohnRawls offers a promising foundation for the further historic advancement of democracy. However, liberal legitimacy still seems to lack one key element—a unique type of respect at its foundations—without which such democratic advancement may not be achieved. Nor, on closer inspection, could the idea of liberal legitimacy succeed without this particular type of respect. When further refined at its foundation, arguably liberal legitimacy could open doors to previously unattainable improvements in democracy and legitimacy.
A Meta‐analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials Assessing Hemodialysis Access Thrombosis Based on Access Flow Monitoring: Where Do We Stand?
Authors: Muchayi Timothy , Salman Loay , Tamariz Leonardo J. , Asif Arif , Rizvi Abid , Lenz Oliver , Vazquez‐Padron Roberto I. , Tabbara Marwan , Contreras Gabriel 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe National Kidney Foundation Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative recommends the routine use of hemodialysis arteriovenous (AV) access surveillance to detect hemodynamically significant stenoses and appropriately correct them to reduce the incidence of thrombosis and to improve accesses patency rates. Access blood flow monitoring is considered as one of the preferred surveillance method for both AV fistulas (AVF) and AV grafts (AVG); however, published studies have reported conflicting results of its utility that led healthcare professionals to doubt the benefits of this surveillance method. We performed a meta‐analysis of the published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of AV access surveillance using access blood flow monitoring. Our hypothesis was that access blood flow monitoring lowers the risk of AV access thrombosis and that the outcome differs between AVF and AVG. The estimated overall pooled risk ratio (RR) of thrombosis was 0.87 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.67–1.13) favoring access blood flow monitoring. The pooled RR of thrombosis were 0.64 (95% CI, 0.41–1.01) and 1.06 (95% CI, 0.77–1.46) in the subgroups of only AVF and only AVG, respectively. Our results added to the uncertainty of access blood flow monitoring as a surveillance method of hemodialysis accesses.
The Rhythm Is Gonna Get You: The Influence of Circadian Rhythm Synchrony on Self‐Control Outcomes
Authors: Curtis Jessica , Burkley Edward , Burkley Melissa 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis article aims to bridge the circadian and self‐control literatures by suggesting that people's self‐control performance varies as a function of their circadian preferences (i.e., chronotype). We review evidence for this assertion across a wide range of self‐control domains, including cognitive processing, emotion regulation, interpersonal relationships, and social influence. Across these widely ranging behaviors, the results indicate that when people's circadian preference matches the time of day, a synchrony effect occurs, and self‐control performance is at its peak. Therefore, people are more likely to display self‐regulatory failures and give in to temptations when there is a mismatch between their circadian preferences and time of day. Overall, this article offers new insights into the relationship between circadian preferences and self‐control and suggests novel and exciting new directions for future research.
Understanding and Overcoming Self‐control Depletion
Authors: Masicampo E. J. , Martin Stephen R. , Anderson Rajen A. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAfter people exert self‐control, self‐control performance on subsequent tasks tends to suffer, as if the capacity for self‐control was depleted by the prior exertion. The present paper discusses self‐control depletion and how people may overcome it. We searched the psychology literature and found nearly 40 empirical articles documenting diverse traits and strategies that counteract depletion, thereby facilitating self‐control success. The evidence points to two major strategies for overcoming depletion. The first strategy involves offsetting the high amount of effort required for self‐control (e.g., introducing a brief period of rest). The second involves compensating for the low immediate rewards that most self‐control tasks offer (e.g., providing an additional incentive for exerting self‐control). These strategies can be interpreted neatly within the framework of recent motivational accounts of self‐control depletion. This analysis may inform those aiming to improve self‐control success or simply to understand and anticipate when and why self‐control depletion occurs.
Macrophages clear refrigerator storage–damaged red blood cells and subsequently secrete cytokines in vivo, but not in vitro, in a murine model
Authors: Wojczyk Boguslaw S. , Kim Nina , Bandyopadhyay Sheila , Francis Richard O. , Zimring James C. , Hod Eldad A. , Spitalnik Steven L. 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundIn mice, refrigerator‐stored red blood cells (RBCs) are cleared by extravascular hemolysis and induce cytokine production. To enhance understanding of this phenomenon, we sought to model it in vitro.Study Design and MethodsIngestion of refrigerator‐stored murine RBCs and subsequent cytokine production were studied using J774A.1 mouse macrophage cells and primary murine splenic macrophages. Wild‐type and Ccl2‐GFP reporter mice were used for RBC clearance in vivo.ResultsAlthough J774A.1 cells and primary macrophages preferentially ingested refrigerator‐stored RBCs in vitro, compared to freshly isolated RBCs, neither produced increased cytokines after erythrophagocytosis. In contrast, phagocytosis of refrigerator‐stored RBCs in vivo induced increases in circulating monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) and keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC) and correspondingly increased mRNA levels in mouse spleen and liver. In the spleen, these were predominantly expressed by CD11b+ cells. Using Ccl2‐GFP reporter mice, the predominant splenic population responsible for MCP‐1 mRNA production was tissue‐resident macrophages (i.e., CD45+, CD11b+, F4/80+, Ly6c+, and CD11clow cells).ConclusionJ774A.1 cells and primary macrophages selectively ingested refrigerator‐stored RBCs by phagocytosis. Although cytokine expression was not enhanced, this approach could be used to identify the relevant receptor–ligand combination(s). In contrast, cytokine levels increased after phagocytosis of refrigerator‐stored RBCs in vivo. These were primarily cleared in the liver and spleen, which demonstrated increased MCP‐1 and KC mRNA expression. Finally, in mouse spleen, tissue‐resident macrophages were predominantly involved in MCP‐1 mRNA production. The differences between cytokine production in vitro and in vivo are not yet well understood.
κ‐Opioid receptors in the infralimbic cortex modulate the cardiovascular responses to acute stress
Authors: Fassini Aline , Scopinho América A. , Resstel Leonardo B. M. , Corrêa Fernando M. A. 
Published: January 2015

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
A brief experience of stress can cause structural remodelling in the infralimbic cortex. In the present study, we addressed the potential role played by opioidergic neurotransmission in the infralimbic cortex in the modulation of stress‐evoked autonomic responses.

What is the main finding and its importance?
Using the restraint stress model, we showed that infralimbic cortex κ‐opioid receptors, but not μ‐ and δ‐opioid receptors, modulate stress‐evoked cardiovascular responses.

The infralimbic cortex (IL) is known to modulate behavioural and physiological responses during aversive situations. We investigated the hypothesis that opioid neurotransmission in the IL modulates the autonomic responses induced in rats subjected to restraint stress (RS). Male Wistar rats (250–280 g) were used. Guide cannulae were implanted bilaterally in the IL for the microinjection of either drugs or vehicle, and a polyethylene catheter was implanted into the femoral artery for recording of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) using a computerized acquisition system. Tail temperature was evaluated using a thermal camera. Rats were subjected to RS 10 min after the microinjection of drugs or vehicle into the IL. Exposure to RS evoked hypertension, tachycardia and a reduction in tail temperature. Bilateral microinjections of the non‐selective opioid antagonist naloxone into the IL generated an inverted U‐shaped dose–inhibition curve on RS‐evoked MAP and HR responses. Microinjection of nor‐BNI (κ‐selective antagonist) reduced the increases in MAP and HR evoked by RS. In contrast, pretreatment of the IL with CTAP (μ‐selective antagonist) or naltrindole (δ‐selective antagonist) had no effect on the restraint‐evoked increases in MAP and HR. None of these treatments altered the reduction in the tail temperature evoked by RS. In conclusion, κ‐opioid receptors in the IL modulate pressor and tachycardiac responses caused by RS, suggesting a facilitatory role of this structure in this aversive situation.
Non‐signalling energy use in the brain
Authors: Engl Elisabeth , Attwell David 
Published: January 2015

AbstractEnergy use limits the information processing power of the brain. However, apart from the ATP used to power electrical signalling, a significant fraction of the brain's energy consumption is not directly related to information processing. The brain spends just under half of its energy on non‐signalling processes, but it remains poorly understood which tasks are so energetically costly for the brain. We review existing experimental data on subcellular processes that may contribute to this non‐signalling energy use, and provide modelling estimates, to try to assess the magnitude of their ATP consumption and consider how their changes in pathology may compromise neuronal function. As a main result, surprisingly little consensus exists on the energetic cost of actin treadmilling, with estimates ranging from < 1% of the brain's global energy budget up to one‐half of neuronal energy use. Microtubule treadmilling and protein synthesis have been estimated to account for very small fractions of the brain's energy budget, whereas there is stronger evidence that lipid synthesis and mitochondrial proton leak are energetically expensive. Substantial further research is necessary to close these gaps in knowledge about the brain's energy‐expensive non‐signalling tasks.
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Complete Genome Sequence of Citrobacter freundii Myophage Moon
Authors: Edwards Garrett B. , Luna Adrian J. , Hernandez Adriana C. , Kuty Everett Gabriel F. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

Citrobacter freundii
and other Gram-negative opportunistic pathogens necessitate concern from the public health sector. Bacteriophages that kill such pathogens may be useful in the control and containment of these infections. Here, we describe the genome of a newly isolated T4-like myophage of
C. freundii
, Moon, and present its features.
Complete Genome of Bacillus megaterium Podophage Pascal
Authors: Snowden Jeffery D. , Vega Gonzalez Alexander E. , Maroun Justin W. , Hernandez Adriana C. , Kuty Everett Gabriel F. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

Podophage Pascal infects
Bacillus megaterium
, a commonly used model organism in biochemical research and an important industrial-scale protein production system. Here, we report the sequenced and annotated genome of Pascal and describe its prominent features. Bacteriophages such as Pascal may be valuable tools for research and industry.
Complete Genome Sequence of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli N4-Like Podophage Pollock
Authors: Patel Roosheel S. , Lessor Lauren E. , Hernandez Adriana C. , Kuty Everett Gabriel F. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

Enterotoxigenic
Escherichia coli
is a multidrug-resistant bacterium that is well known for its ability to cause diarrhea in humans. Bacteriophages may be used to treat clinical cases involving bacterial dysentery. Here, we present the complete genome sequence of an enterotoxigenic
E. coli
phage, Pollock, an N4-like podophage.
Draft Genome Sequences of Four Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolates from Clinical Cases in Canada
Authors: Banerjee Swapan , Petronella Nicholas , Chew Leung Courtney , Farber Jeffrey 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

Vibrio parahaemolyticus
is a leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis following ingestion of contaminated seafood. This report presents the draft genome sequences of four clinical strains of
V. parahaemolyticus
isolated in Canada. All four strains lack traditional pathogenic markers and possess uniquely individual characteristics identified using other typing criteria.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Bioluminescent Marine Bacterium Vibrio harveyi ATCC 33843 (392 [MAV])
Authors: Wang Zheng , Hervey W. Judson , Kim Seongwon , Lin Baochuan , Vora Gary J. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

Vibrio harveyi
is a Gram-negative marine γ-proteobacterium that is known to be a formidable pathogen of aquatic animals and is a model organism for the study of bacterial bioluminescence and quorum sensing. In this report, we describe the complete genome sequence of the most studied strain of this species:
V. harveyi
ATCC 33843 (392 [MAV]).
Complete Genome Sequence of Vibrio alginolyticus ATCC 17749
T
Authors: Liu Xiao-Fei , Cao Yuan , Zhang He-Lin , Chen Ying-Jian , Hu Cheng-Jin 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

Vibrio alginolyticus
is a Gram-negative halophilic bacterium and has been recognized as an opportunistic pathogen in both humans and marine animals. It is the causative agent of food-borne diseases, such as gastroenteritis, and it invades through wounds in predisposed individuals. In this study, we present the completed genome of
V. alginolyticus
ATCC 17749
T
through high-throughput sequencing.
Understanding the Quorum-Sensing Bacterium Pantoea stewartii Strain M009 with Whole-Genome Sequencing Analysis
Authors: Tan Wen-Si , Chang Chien-Yi , Yin Wai-Fong , Chan Kok-Gan 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

Pantoea stewartii
is known to be the causative agent of Stewart's wilt, which usually affects sweet corn (Zea mays) with the corn flea beetle as the transmission vector. In this work, we present the whole-genome sequence of
Pantoea stewartii
strain M009, isolated from a Malaysian tropical rainforest waterfall.
Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry for Differentiation of the Dimorphic Fungal Species Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and Paracoccidioides lutzii
Authors: Nobrega de Almeida João , Del Negro Gilda M. B. , Grenfell Rafaella C. , Vidal Monica S. M. , Thomaz Danilo Y. , de Figueiredo Dulce S. Y. , Bagagli Eduardo , Juliano Luiz , Benard Gil 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

Isolates of
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
and
Paracoccidioides lutzii
, previously characterized by molecular techniques, were identified for the first time by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). All isolates were correctly identified, with log score values of >2.0. Thus, MALDI-TOF MS is a new tool for differentiating species of the genus
Paracoccidioides
.
Microbiological and Clinical Features of Four Cases of Catheter-Related Infection by Methylobacterium radiotolerans
Authors: Li Li , Tarrand Jeffrey J. , Han Xiang Y. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

Four cases of central venous catheter-related
Methylobacterium radiotolerans
infection are presented here. The patients were all long-term catheter carriers with an underlying diagnosis of leukemia, and they mostly manifested fevers. The isolated bacterial strains all showed far better growth on buffered charcoal yeast extract agar during the initial isolation and/or subcultures than they did on sheep blood or chocolate agar. This microbiological feature may improve the culture recovery of this fastidious pink Gram-negative bacillus that has rarely been isolated in clinical microbiology laboratories.
Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus MicroRNAs Repress Breakpoint Cluster Region Protein Expression, Enhance Rac1 Activity, and Increase
In Vitro
Angiogenesis
Authors: Ramalingam Dhivya , Happel Christine , Ziegelbauer Joseph M. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, ∼22-nucleotide-long RNAs that regulate gene expression posttranscriptionally. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) encodes 12 pre-miRNAs during latency, and the functional significance of these microRNAs during KSHV infection and their cellular targets have been emerging recently. Using a previously reported microarray profiling analysis, we identified breakpoint cluster region mRNA (Bcr) as a cellular target of the KSHV miRNA miR-K12-6-5p (miR-K6-5). Bcr protein levels were repressed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) upon transfection with miR-K6-5 and during KSHV infection. Luciferase assays wherein the Bcr 3′ untranslated region (UTR) was cloned downstream of a luciferase reporter showed repression in the presence of miR-K6-5, and mutation of one of the two predicted miR-K6-5 binding sites relieved this repression. Furthermore, inhibition or deletion of miR-K6-5 in KSHV-infected cells showed increased Bcr protein levels. Together, these results show that Bcr is a direct target of the KSHV miRNA miR-K6-5. To understand the functional significance of Bcr knockdown in the context of KSHV-associated disease, we hypothesized that the knockdown of Bcr, a negative regulator of Rac1, might enhance Rac1-mediated angiogenesis. We found that HUVECs transfected with miR-K6-5 had increased Rac1-GTP levels and tube formation compared to HUVECs transfected with control miRNAs. Knockdown of Bcr in latently KSHV-infected BCBL-1 cells increased the levels of viral RTA, suggesting that Bcr repression by KSHV might aid lytic reactivation. Together, our results reveal a new function for both KSHV miRNAs and Bcr in KSHV infection and suggest that KSHV miRNAs, in part, promote angiogenesis and lytic reactivation.

IMPORTANCE
Kaposi's sarcoma (KS)-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) infection is linked to multiple human cancers and lymphomas. KSHV encodes small nucleic acids (microRNAs) that can repress the expression of specific human genes, the biological functions of which are still emerging. This report uses a variety of approaches to show that a KSHV microRNA represses the expression of the human gene called breakpoint cluster region (Bcr). Repression of Bcr correlated with the activation of a protein previously shown to cause KS-like lesions in mice (Rac1), an increase in KS-associated phenotypes (tube formation in endothelial cells and vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF] synthesis), and modification of the life cycle of the virus (lytic replication). Our results suggest that KSHV microRNAs suppress host proteins and contribute to KS-associated pathogenesis.
Epidemiology of National Collegiate Athletic Association men's and women's swimming and diving injuries from 2009/2010 to 2013/2014
Authors: Kerr Zachary Y , Baugh Christine M , Hibberd Elizabeth E , Snook Erin M , Hayden Ross , Dompier Thomas P 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundRecent injury data for collegiate-level swimming and diving are limited. This study describes the epidemiology of men's and women's swimming and diving injuries reported by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Injury Surveillance Program (ISP) during the 2009/2010 to 2013/2014 academic years.MethodsInjuries and athlete-exposure (AE) data reported within 9 men's and 13 women's swimming and diving programmes were analysed. Injury rates, injury rate ratios (IRR), and injury proportions by body site, diagnosis and mechanism were reported with 95% CIs.ResultsThe ISP captured 149 and 208 injuries for men's and women's swimming and diving, respectively, leading to injury rates of 1.54/1000 and 1.71/1000 AEs. Among females, divers had a higher injury rate (2.49/1000 AEs) than swimmers (1.63/1000 AEs; IRR=1.53; 95% CI 1.07 to 2.19). Injury rates for male divers (1.94/1000 AEs) and swimmers (1.48/1000 AEs) did not differ (IRR=1.33; 95% CI 0.85 to 2.31). Most injuries occurred to the shoulder, resulted in strains and were classified as overuse or non-contact. Female swimmers had a higher overuse injury rate (1.04/1000 AEs) than male swimmers (0.66/1000 AEs; IRR=1.58; 95% CI 1.14 to 2.19). Overuse injury rates for female divers (0.54/1000 AEs) and male divers (0.46/1000 AEs) did not differ (IRR=1.16; 95% CI 0.40 to 3.34). Injury rates in 2012/2013–2013/2014 were lower than those in 2009/2010–2011/2012 for women's swimming (IRR=0.70; 95% CI 0.52 to 0.95) and diving (IRR=0.56; 95% CI 0.30 to 1.08), respectively. No time trends existed for men's swimmers or divers.ConclusionsShoulder, strain and overuse injuries were common in collegiate men's and women's swimming and diving. Female swimmers were more likely to suffer an overuse injury than male swimmers. In addition, divers may have higher injury rates than swimmers, although small reported numbers warrant additional research.