bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optical-Butterfly-Effect in PhotoWave Experiments --- Curve-Single Slit, Curve-Double Slit, and Non-Parallel-Curve-Double Slit Experiments
Authors: Peng Hui 
Published: August 2024

Feynman (1956) called the double slit experiment "[…] it contains the only mystery. We cannot make the mystery go away by ‘explaining’ how it works". The photons are described by probability wave functions. The wave functions collapse to photons when measuring. However, the collapse of the wave function leads to the inconsistent/incomplete of the quantum mechanics (Penrose, 2022). In this article, we confirm that the apparatus of slits, e.g., the curve-double slit, does not change the nature of the light passing through it. We perform multi-experiments to show that, before and after passing through the apparatus of slits, the light is photons, not waves. And it is photons that produce the non-wave pattern and wave patterns in the same experiment. We refer to the phenomena as “PhotoWave Phenomena”. We experimentally show for the first-time novel phenomena that are new mysteries: (1) in the same curve-single slit experiment, the patterns are non-diffraction near the apparatus of slits and then, gradually evolve to the Hourglass-shape patterns; (2) Curved-double slit produces Arc-shape interference pattern near the apparatus of slits and Point-symmetry interference patterns near the detector; (3) non-parallel-curve-double slit produces Butterfly-shape interference patterns. We show the sensitive dependence of patterns on the structures of apparatus of slits: changes in the structure of the apparatus of slits result in profound differences in both pattern evolution and final pattern. We refer to it as “Optical-Butterfly-effect”.
Slit	Patterns	Slit	Patterns

The above novel phenomena are universal. The PhotoWave phenomena support Penrose’s statement. To explain completely/consistently the PhotoWave phenomena and Optical-Butterfly-effect is a challenge. Advances in optical experiments demand a complete theory. The experiments provide the comprehensive phenomena for further developing theoretical model to study the nature of the light and the light wave theories.
III-V-on-Si3N4 widely tunable narrow-linewidth laser based on micro-transfer printing
Authors: Pan Biwei , Bourderionnet Jerome , Billault Vincent , Dande Guenole , Dahlem Marcus , Song Jeong Hwan , Dwivedi Sarvagya , Altamirano Diego Carbajal , Cummins Cian , Saseendran Sandeep Seema , Helin Philippe , Ramirez Joan , Néel Delphine , Soltanian Emadreza , Zhang Jing , Roelkens Gunther 
Published: August 2024

Leveraging its superior waveguide properties, silicon-nitride (Si3N4) photonics is emerging to expand the applications of photonic integrated circuits to optical systems where bulk optics and fibers today still dominate. In order to fully leverage its advantages, heterogeneous integration of III-V gain elements on Si3N4 is one of the most critical steps. In this paper, we demonstrate a III-V-on-Si3N4 widely tunable narrow-linewidth laser based on micro-transfer printing. Detailed design considerations of the tolerant III-V-to-Si3N4 vertical coupler, Si3N4-based micro-ring resonators (MRRs), and micro-heaters are discussed. By introducing the dispersion of Si3N4 waveguide in the design, the proposed Vernier MRRs enable an extended tuning range over multiple Vernier periods. The laser shows a wavelength tuning range of 54 nm in C and L bands with intrinsic linewidth less than 25 kHz. Within the tuning range, the side mode suppression ratio is larger than 40 dB and the output power in the Si3N4 waveguide reaches 6.3 mW. The integration process allows for the fabrication and quality control of both the Si3N4 circuits and III-V devices in its own foundry, which greatly enhances the integration yield and paves the way for large-scale integration.
Knockdown resistance (kdr) associated organochlorine resistance in mosquito-borne diseases (Culex quinquefasciatus): Systematic study of reviews and meta-analysis
Authors: Abbasi Ebrahim , Daliri Salman 
Published: August 2024

Introduction
Culex quinquefasciatus is one of the most important carriers of human pathogens. Using the insecticides is one of the most important methods of combating this vector. But the genetic resistance created in Culex quinquefasciatus led to disruption in the fight against this pest. Consequently, it is necessary to know the level of resistance to fight this vector. Based on this, the present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of kdr resistance in Culex quinquefasciatus against organochlorine insecticides in the world.

Methods
This study was conducted by systematic review, and meta-analysis on the prevalence of kdr resistance and mortality rate in Culex quinquefasciatus against organochlorine insecticides in the world. All pertinent articles were extracted and analyzed in accordance with this information during an unrestricted search of the scientific databases Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, biooan.org, Embase, ProQuest, and Google Scholar until the end of November 2023. Statistical analysis of data was done using fixed and random effects model in meta-analysis, I2 index, Cochran’s test, and meta-regression by STATA version 17 software.

Results
Seventy articles were included in the meta-analysis process. Based on the findings, the prevalence of Kdr in Culex quinquefasciatus against organochlorine insecticide was estimated at 63.1%. Moreover, the mortality rate against the insecticide deltamethrin was 46%, DDT 18.5%, permethrin 42.6%, malathion 54.4% and lambdacyhalothrin 53%.

Conclusion
More than half of Cx. quinquefasciatus had Kdr. This vector was relatively resistant to DDT and permethrin insecticides and sensitive to malathion, deltamethrin and lambdacyhalothrin. In order to prevent the development of resistance to alternative insecticides, it is consequently critical to combat this vector with efficacious insecticides.
Prevalence and factors associated with transfusion-transmissible infections (HIV, HBV, HCV and Syphilis) among blood donors in Gabon: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mangala Christian , Maulot-Bangola Denis , Moutsinga Alain , Okolongo-Mayani Serge Christian , Matsomo-Kombet Gwladys Esmeralda , Moundanga Mireille , Mombo-Maganga Christian , Mabika-Obanda Alfred Keith Felix , Fokam Joseph 
Published: August 2024

Background
Transfusion-transmissible infections (TTIs) remain a major public health problem in countries with limited resources, particularly in Gabon. Complete information on the prevalence in Gabon of the main TTIs among blood donors is still lacking in the national context. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with TTIs among blood donors in Gabon.

Methods
This systematic review and meta-analysis was reported in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. It was the result of data from several comprehensive studies published between 2014 and 2022, the purpose of which focused on the prevalence and factors associated with TTIs among blood donors in Gabon. The quality of the articles was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist for studies reporting prevalence data. The overall prevalence of TTIs among blood donors was determined using the random effects model. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using I2 statistics. Publication bias was assessed by visual inspection of the funnel plot and Egger’s statistics.

Results
A total of 175,140 blood donors from the nine eligible studies were admitted to this study. The combined prevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV and syphilis obtained in the random effects model was 3.0%, 6.0%, 4.0% and 3.0%, respectively. Moreover, being a male blood donor and aged between 25 and 44 years was significantly associated with HBV infection and being a female blood donor and aged 35 years and over was significantly associated with HIV infection. Family or replacement blood donors had a high infection burden for all four TTIs of study.

Conclusion
The overall prevalence of transfusion-transmissible infections remains high in the country’s blood banks. Improving current prevention (selection criteria) and screening strategies may be necessary in a global approach.
COVID-19, vaccination and migraine: Causal association or epiphenomenon?
Authors: Jiang Hailun , Zhang Chao , Meng Xianggang , Chi Shihao , Huang Danqi , Deng Shizhe , Tian Guang , Meng Zhihong 
Published: August 2024

Background
Diverse studies have revealed discrepant evidence concerning the causal association between Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and COVID-19 vaccination in relation to migraines. Investigating the correlation between the former two factors and migraines can facilitate policymakers in the precise formulation of comprehensive post-pandemic interventions while urging the populace to adopt a judicious perspective on COVID-19 vaccination.

Methods
We undertook a Mendelian randomization (MR) study. The primary assessment of the causal relationship between the three different COVID-19 exposures and migraine was conducted using the standard inverse variance weighted (IVW) approach. In the supplementary analysis, we also employed two methodologies: the weighted median estimator (WME) and the MR-Egger regression. Ultimately, the reliability and stability of the outcomes were assessed via Cochran’s Q test, the leave-one-out method, the MR-Egger intercept test, and the MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) test.

Results
The results indicate an absence of correlation between genetically predicted COVID-19 (①Very severe respiratory confirmed COVID-19: odds ratio [OR], 1.0000881; 95%CI, 0.999748–1.000428; p = 0.6118; ②Hospitalized COVID-19: OR, 1.000024; 95%CI, 0.9994893–1.000559; p = 0.931;③SARS-CoV-2 infection: OR, 1.000358; 95%CI, 0.999023–1.001695; p = 0.5993) and the risk of migraine. Furthermore, the MR-Egger regression and WME also yielded no evidence of COVID-19 elevating the risk of migraine occurrence. Sensitivity analysis affirmed the robustness and consistency of all outcomes.

Conclusions
The results of this study do not offer genetic evidence to substantiate a causal relationship between COVID-19 and migraines. Thus, the deduction drawn from COVID-19 genetic data is that COVID-19 vaccination is unlikely to exert an impact on the occurrence of migraines, though this conclusion warrants further investigation.
Five days of bed rest in young and old adults: Retainment of skeletal muscle mass with neuromuscular electrical stimulation
Authors: Hansen Sofie K. , Hansen Pernille , Nygaard Hanne , Grønbæk Hans D. , Berry Tania W. , Olsen Camilla M. , Aagaard Per , Hvid Lars G. , Agergaard Jakob , Dela Flemming , Suetta Charlotte 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe consequences of short‐term disuse are well known, but effective countermeasures remain elusive. This study investigated the effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) during 5 days of bed rest on retaining lower limb muscle mass and muscle function in healthy young and old participants. One leg received NMES of the quadriceps muscle (3 × 30min/day) (NMES), and the other served as a control (CON). Isometric quadriceps strength (MVC), rate of force development (RFD), lower limb lean mass, and muscle thickness were assessed pre‐and post‐intervention. Muscle thickness remained unaltered with NMES in young and increased in old following bed rest, while it decreased in CON legs. In old participants, mid‐thigh lean mass (MTLM) was preserved with NMES while decreased in CON legs. In the young, only a tendency to change with bed rest was detected for MTLM. MVC and early‐phase RFD decreased in young and old, irrespective of NMES. In contrast, late‐phase RFD was retained in young participants with NMES, while it decreased in young CON legs, and in the old, irrespective of NMES. NMES during short‐term bed rest preserved muscle thickness but not maximal muscle strength. While young and old adults demonstrated similar adaptive responses in preventing the loss of skeletal muscle thickness, RFD was retained in the young only.
Interaction between soy hull polysaccharide and mucin with sodium-/potassium-ion treatment: interfacial property
Authors: Zhang Siyu , Wu Xinghui , Zhang Yangyang , Song Hong , Yang Lina 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The interaction between soy hull polysaccharide and intestinal mucus is influenced by different ions. This study investigates the effects of various concentrations of Na+/K+ on the stability, interfacial activity, and viscoelasticity of the microwave-assisted ammonium oxalate extraction of soy hull polysaccharide (MASP) in simulated intestinal fluids (SIFs) in terms of particle size, zeta potential, surface hydrophobicity, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, shear rheology, and microstructure. Results showed that 1.5 % Na+/K+ causes MASP and mucin in SIFs to bind through physical adsorption; the average particle size of the MASP/SIF miscible system increases from 1,659 to 1,881 and 1,736 nm. When the ion strength is 0.5 %, MASP rapidly reduces the SIF interfacial tension. The addition of Na+/K+ causes a slight redshift in the protein amide I band and an increase in the α-helix content with respect to the decrease in the β-turn and β-sheet corner content. Furthermore, 0.5 % content of Na+ and K+ causes small MASP particles to adsorb onto the surface of mucin, while 1.5 % content of Na+ and K+ causes MASP particles to arrange above mucin after 12 h. These findings provide reference for a deeper understanding of the selection of macroelements (sodium and potassium) in the intake of polysaccharide.
Synergistic modification of hydrolyzed keratin-based rigid polyurethane foam with zinc stannate and aluminum hypophosphite to improve its thermal stability and flame retardant properties
Authors: Zhang Xu , Ding Shuai , Wang Zhaoqian , Xu Chen , Wang Zhi , Xie Hua 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Zinc stannate (ZS) was prepared for flame retardant modified rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF). The flame retardancy and thermal stability performance of the modified RPUFs were investigated by limiting oxygen index (LOI), cone calorimeter (CONE), smoke density (Ds) test and thermogravimetric (TG) differential thermal analyzer. The LOI of RPUF5-7.5 AL/7.5 ZS with 5 wt% hydrolyzed keratin (HK), 7.5 wt% aluminum hypophosphate (AL) and 7.5 wt% ZS increased from 26.1 % to 27.2 %. At 50 kW/m2 radiant intensity, RPUF5-7.5 AL/7.5 ZS had the lowest peak heat release rate (PHRR) and heat release rate (THR), which were 108.17 kW/m2 and 2.56 MJ/m2, respectively. In addition, RPUF5-7.5 AL/7.5 ZS had the highest initial decomposition temperature of 191.24 °C and the largest activation energy (E) of 148.16 kJ/mol. Under flameless condition, the maximum Ds of RPUF5-7.5 AL/7.5 ZS was 31.25, and its light transmittance was also the highest, i.e., 57.89 %. Therefore, ZS/AL was selected as a synergistic flame retardant system to modify the RPUF, and promotes the development of high-performance building materials.
Characterization of the precision of PPP solutions as a function of latitude and session length
Authors: Kurtz Benjamin M. , Gómez Demián D. , Bevis Michael G. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the impact of observation session duration and station latitude on the precision of Precise Point Positioning (PPP). Global Positioning System-only Receiver Independent Exchange files from 516 continuous stations spanning latitudes from 90°N to 90°S across the Americas (30°–130°W) were binned into sessions of 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 12 h and processed using the GPSPACE PPP software. These sub-daily solutions, along with the original 24 h ones, were compared against a reference coordinate derived from an extended linear trajectory model for each station. Analysis of the results, considering both accuracy and precision, was conducted across the entire latitude range of the study. We found that the precision of a PPP solution approximately follows a power-law relationship with observation duration. Parameters for these power-law relationships were determined for all latitude ranges that allow users to predict a result’s uncertainty as a function of session length. Findings indicate that longer observation sessions lead to reduced positioning errors, with vertical scatter decreasing with increasing latitude. Since all these stations are characterized by good to excellent sky view, our power-law rule-of-thumb provides a lower bound on the occupation time needed to achieve target positioning precision at locations with poorer sky visibility.
A lipid metabolism-related gene model reveals the prognosis and immune microenvironment of cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Zhang Congcong , Chen Hao 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Lipid metabolic dysregulation plays a critical role in the biological behavior of skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM). Hence, we aimed to identify lipid metabolism-related genes (LMGs) and possible prognostic models for SKCM, perform prognostic risk assessment, and predict possible effective therapies.

Methods
SKCM patient data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and used as the training set; GSE65904 was used as the validation dataset. A prognostic risk model was established by multivariate Cox regression analysis and the LASSO algorithm. The samples in training and validation sets were grouped into high- and low-risk groups, respectively, in accordance with the risk model, and risk score (RS) distribution and survival ROC curve were obtained. The ‘limma’ package in R3.6.1 Version 3.34.7 was used to filter significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the training set between the high- and low-risk groups. For DEGs, functional enrichment and immune infiltration analyses were used to reveal potential disease mechanisms and responses to immunotherapy. The expression level of LMGs involved in the prognostic risk was verified by diverse methods.

Results
A predictive model comprising four LMGs, including ADH4, ALDH7A1, HADH, and HADHA, was established to predict SKCM patient survival. Functional enrichment has revealed enriched immune-associated pathways. Different immune microenvironments were identified by immune infiltration analysis. HPA immunohistochemical analysis, Real-time PCR analysis, and Western blotting revealed the upregulation of HADH and HADHA and the downregulation of ADH4 and ALDH7A1 in melanoma tissues or cell lines compared to normal skin tissues and melanocyte cells.

Conclusions
LMGs, including ADH4, ALDH7A1, HADH, and HADHA involved in the predictive model may play a critical role in the biological behaviors and therapeutic response of melanoma. The model we constructed may serve as a prospective biological marker to predict the prognosis and therapeutic response of melanoma patients.
Investigation of Earth Dam Filter Performance under Static and Dynamic Loading Conditions
Authors: Valizadeh Hadi , Ecemis Nurhan , Sarica Leclerc Rabia Zeynep 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Erosion-induced piping is the primary cause of failure in embankment dams’ bodies and foundations. The filter is a principal part of an earth dam, owing to the crucial role of this layer in protecting the clayey core from erosion. Erosion is the process by which soil particles migrate due to an interior fluid flow and is recognized as a significant hazard for earthen constructions. Designing a proper filter-soil system can regulate and seal undesirable cracks that may form in the impermeable core due to nonuniform settlements, extreme water levels, or earthquakes. In this study, a No-Erosion Filter (NEF) test device, which still seems to be the most reliable filter-soil system design, has been adapted to evaluate the performance of the filter sand of two dams under static and dynamic loading conditions. The outcomes were compared with the several filter design criteria in the literature, and it was found that the filter's design approach using the available criteria may not always align with the NEF test results. Therefore, a precise understanding of fluid–particle interactions is necessary to design and operate earth dam filters. The dynamic excitation can change hole pressure distribution and cause erosion even after steady-state conditions under static situations. Consequently, the effectiveness of filters under static conditions does not necessarily translate to satisfactory performance when exposed to dynamic loading.
Quizizz sebagai Media Alternatif dalam Mendukung Peningkatan Keterampilan Istima’
Authors: Nuraisyah Andini , Akhyara Hiqwah Safira , Umbar Kisno 
Published: August 2024

Since the emergence of the covid-19 outbreak, the learning system which was originally face-to-face in schools, now has to be done remotely (online). This applies to all levels of education, both schools and universities. Therefore, now there are many application designers to carry out and facilitate distance learning (online), one of which is by using the Quizizz application. quizizz is considered as an innovative medium because it contains interesting features so that distance learning does not feel boring. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach in which the researcher describes the definitions and mechanisms for using the Quizizz application as a medium to support distance learning. The things that will be discussed in this study include: 1.) what features can I use in istima learning? 2.) what are the steps for using quizizz in istima learning? 3.) what are the advantages of the Quizizz application in istima learning? 4.) and what are the problems encountered in learning istima' using Quizizz?
Psychedelic use and psychological flexibility: The role of meaningful intention and decentering
Authors: Campo William M. , Yali Ann Marie 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundPsychedelic use and its impact on well-being is garnering a lot of research attention, however, little has been done to understand the potential associations between multiple characteristics of the psychedelic experience and psychological flexibility (PF), which encompasses a conscious awareness of thoughts and behavior, allowing individuals to adapt to new experiences and perceive multiple explanations or solutions for life events.AimsThe current study examines the psychedelic correlates of PF. It was hypothesized that intention, comfort and safety during the experience, decentering, mystical experiences, ego-dissolution, and insight would be significantly associated with greater reports of PF.MethodsData used for the regression analysis were from 114 participants who had used one of the classic psychedelics (LSD, Psilocybin, Mescaline, DMT, Ayahuasca, 5MeO-DMT) and were recruited from postings on Twitter (now X) and within psychedelic-based groups on Facebook and Reddit to fill out an online survey. Standard assessments used include the Experiences Questionnaire, Mystical Experience Questionnaire, Ego-Dissolution Inventory, Cognitive Flexibility Inventory, Psychological Insight Questionnaire, and Religious Salience Scale.ResultsAfter controlling for sociodemographics (age, income, religious salience, number of psychedelic experiences), self-perceived meaningful intention and decentering remained significantly associated with greater psychological flexibility.ConclusionsThese results expand upon existing literature on psychedelic use and its impact on well-being by exploring specific characteristics of the psychedelic experience. Understanding the importance of intention and decentering can provide a pathway by which psychedelic users, guides, and researchers can further understand the psychedelic experience and its effects.