bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Negative Charges in the Flexible N-Terminal Domain of Rho GDP-Dissociation Inhibitors (RhoGDIs) Regulate the Targeting of the RhoGDI–Rac1 Complex to Membranes
Authors: Ueyama Takehiko , Son Jeonghyun , Kobayashi Takeshi , Hamada Takeshi , Nakamura Takashi , Sakaguchi Hirofumi , Shirafuji Toshihiko , Saito Naoaki 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
In its resting state, Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor (RhoGDI) α forms a soluble cytoplasmic heterodimer with the GDP-bound form of Rac. Upon stimulation, the dissociation of RhoGDIα from the RhoGDIα–Rac complex is a mandatory step for Rac activation; however, this mechanism is poorly understood. In this study, we examined how the cytoplasm/membrane cycles of the RhoGDI–Rac complex are regulated, as well as where RhoGDI dissociates from the RhoGDI–Rac complex, during FcγR-mediated phagocytosis. The negatively charged and flexible N terminus (25 residues) of RhoGDIα, particularly its second negative amino acid cluster possessing five negatively charged amino acids, was a pivotal regulator in the cytoplasm/membrane cycles of the RhoGDI–Rac complex. We also found that RhoGDIα translocated to the phagosomes as a RhoGDIα–Rac1 complex, and this translocation was mediated by an interaction between the polybasic motif in the C terminus of Rac1 and anionic phospholipids produced on phagosomes, such as phosphatidic acid, that is, by a phagosome-targeting mechanism of Rac1. Thus, we demonstrated that the targeting/accumulation of the RhoGDIα–Rac1 complex to phagosomes is regulated by a balance between three factors: 1) the negatively charged and flexible N-terminal of RhoGDIα, 2) the binding affinity of RhoGDIα for Rac1, and 3) anionic phospholipids produced on phagosomes. Moreover, we demonstrated that the mechanism of targeting/accumulation of the RhoGDIα–Rac1 complex is also applicable for the RhoGDIβ-Rac1 complex.
Notch Signaling Regulates Follicular Helper T Cell Differentiation
Authors: Auderset Floriane , Schuster Steffen , Fasnacht Nicolas , Coutaz Manuel , Charmoy Mélanie , Koch Ute , Favre Stéphanie , Wilson Anne , Trottein François , Alexander James , Luther Sanjiv A. , MacDonald H. Robson , Radtke Freddy , Tacchini-Cottier Fabienne 
Published: August 2013

AbstractFollicular helper T (TFH) cells are specialized in providing help for B cell differentiation and Ab secretion. Several positive and negative regulators of TFH cell differentiation have been described but their control is not fully understood. In this study, we show that Notch signaling in T cells is a major player in the development and function of TFH cells. T cell–specific gene ablation of Notch1 and Notch2 impaired differentiation of TFH cells in draining lymph nodes of mice immunized with T-dependent Ags or infected with parasites. Impaired TFH cell differentiation correlated with deficient germinal center development and the absence of high-affinity Abs. The impact of loss of Notch on TFH cell differentiation was largely independent of its effect on IL-4. These results show a previously unknown role for Notch in the regulation of TFH cell differentiation and function with implications for the control of this T cell population.
Peritoneal Cavity Regulatory B Cells (B10 Cells) Modulate IFN-γ+CD4+ T Cell Numbers during Colitis Development in Mice
Authors: Maseda Damian , Candando Kathleen M. , Smith Susan H. , Kalampokis Ioannis , Weaver Casey T. , Plevy Scott E. , Poe Jonathan C. , Tedder Thomas F. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The spleen regulatory B cell subset with the functional capacity to express IL-10 (B10 cells) modulates both immune responses and autoimmune disease severity. However, the peritoneal cavity also contains relatively high frequencies of functionally defined IL-10–competent B10 cells. In this study, peritoneal cavity B10 cells shared similar cell surface phenotypes with their spleen counterparts. However, peritoneal cavity B10 cells were 10-fold more frequent among B cells than occurred within the spleen, intestinal tract, or mesenteric lymph nodes and were present at higher proportions among the phenotypically defined peritoneal B1a &gt; B1b &gt; B2 cell subpopulations. The development or localization of B10 cells within the peritoneal cavity was not dependent on the presence of commensal microbiota, T cells, IL-10 or B10 cell IL-10 production, or differences between their fetal liver or adult bone marrow progenitor cell origins. The BCR repertoire of peritoneal cavity B10 cells was diverse, as occurs in the spleen, and predominantly included germline-encoded VH and VL regions commonly found in either the conventional or B1 B cell compartments. Thereby, the capacity to produce IL-10 appears to be an intrinsic functional property acquired by clonally diverse B cells. Importantly, IL-10 production by peritoneal cavity B cells significantly reduced disease severity in spontaneous and induced models of colitis by regulating neutrophil infiltration, colitogenic CD4+ T cell activation, and proinflammatory cytokine production during colitis onset. Thus, the numerically small B10 cell subset within the peritoneal cavity has regulatory function and is important for maintaining homeostasis within gastrointestinal tissues and the immune system.
Amplified NKG2C+ NK Cells in Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection Preferentially Express Killer Cell Ig-like Receptor 2DL: Functional Impact in Controlling CMV-Infected Dendritic Cells
Authors: Djaoud Zakia , David Gaëlle , Bressollette Céline , Willem Catherine , Rettman Pauline , Gagne Katia , Legrand Nolwenn , Mehlal Souad , Cesbron Anne , Imbert-Marcille Berthe-Marie , Retière Christelle 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
CMV infection represents a major complication in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, which compromises graft outcome. Downregulation of HLA class I expression is one mechanism by which CMV evades T cell–mediated immune detection, rendering infected cells vulnerable to killer cell Ig-like receptor (KIR)+ NK cells. In this study, we observed that the amplified NKG2C+ NK cell population observed specifically in CMV seropositive individuals mainly expressed KIR2DL receptors. We have shown that HLA class I expression was downregulated on CMV-infected immature dendritic cells (iDCs), which escape to HLA-A2-pp65–specific T lymphocytes but strongly trigger the degranulation of KIR2D+ NK cells. CMV infection conferred a vulnerability of C2C2+ iDCs to educated KIR2DL1+ and KIR2DL3+ NK cell subsets. Alloreactivity of KIR2DL1+ NK cell subsets against C1C1+ iDCs was maintained independently of CMV infection. Unexpectedly, CMV-infected C1C1+ iDCs did not activate KIR2DL3+ NK cell reactivity, suggesting a potential CMV evasion to KIR2DL3 NK cell recognition. Altogether, the coexpression of KIR and NKG2C on expanded NK cell subsets could be related to a functional contribution of KIR in CMV infection and should be investigated in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, in which the beneficial impact of CMV infection has been reported on the graft-versus-leukemia effect.
Papillary squamotransitional cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix: A histomorphological and immunohistochemical study of nine cases
Authors: Anand Mani , Deshmukh Sanjay D. , Gulati Harveen K. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Background: Papillary squamotransitional cell carcinoma (PSCC) is a distinctive subcategory of squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. It has a propensity for local recurrence and late metastasis. Histologically, it can be misinterpreted as transitional cell carcinoma, or other papillary lesions of the cervix including squamous papilloma, verrucous carcinoma or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 with papillary configuration. Materials and Methods: Nine cases of PSCC of the uterine cervix were diagnosed on a cervical biopsy specimen on routine hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) stained sections. Their clinic-morphological features were analyzed. The cases were further evaluated immunohistochemically by cytokeratin 7 (CK7), cytokeratin 20 (CK20), p53 and Ki-67. Results: The patients ranged in age from 35 years to 75 years; with abnormal uterine bleeding being the most common clinical presentation. All the cases showed papillary architecture with fibrovascular cores lined by multilayered atypical epithelium. Three cell types were observed: Clear, intermediate and basaloid. Stromal invasion was seen in five cases, whereas in the remaining four cases, the biopsy specimen was too superficial to definitely assess invasion. Immunohistochemically, eight cases were CK7 + /CK20 - and one case was CK7 - /CK20 - . All nine cases showed nuclear accumulation of mutant p53. Moderate and high proliferative activity was observed in two and seven cases, respectively. Five of patients for whom follow-up information was available underwent radical hysterectomy and two of them were disease free 18 months following treatment. Conclusion: PSCC of the uterine cervix are a clinicomorphologically distinct group of cervical lesions that display a morphologic spectrum. They are potentially aggressive malignant tumors that should be distinguished from transitional cell carcinoma and other papillary lesions of the uterine cervix.
Clinico-immunological response to intratumoral versus intravenous neoadjuvant chemotherapy in advanced pediatric solid malignancies
Authors: Kumar Vijayendra , Ramaswami Nandini , Pandey Anand , Shukla Ram Chandra , Sen Maloy Ranjan , Sharma Shiv Prasad , Gupta Dinesh Kumar , Gangopadhyay Ajay Narayan 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Background: There is minimal literature on the use of intralesional chemotherapy in the pediatric age group. We undertook this present study to evaluate the two modalities (intratumoral and intravenous) of giving chemotherapy in terms of toxicity of chemotherapy, hematological parameters, efficacy of chemotherapy in reduction in volume of the tumor as well as resectability of tumor with special emphasis on immunological parameters. Materials and Methods: Advanced cases of Wilms′ tumor and Neuroblastoma were included in the study. Intratumoral chemotherapy was given through 25 G spinal needle under aseptic precautions and ultrasound guidance in the same dose as in systemic chemotherapy. Intravenous group was given chemotherapy in the usual way. Reassessment was carried out after every course of chemotherapy. Results: Group A included 16 cases of Wilms′ tumor and 6 cases of neuroblastoma. In group B, there were 14 cases of Wilms′ tumor and 8 of neuroblastoma. Vomiting, diarrhea, mucositis, and thrombophlebitis were more common in the intravenous group (P<0.05). The fall in Immunoglobulin A, Immunogloblulin G, Immunoglobulin M, and T-cell rosetting was more common in the intravenous group (P<0.05). Seventy percent of patients had completely resectable tumor at the end of 6 doses of intratumoral chemotherapy as compared to 50% resectability in the intravenous group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Intratumoral chemotherapy, besides causing less of the adverse effects and increasing the resecability rate, also causes less suppression of the immune system. This may be offered as an alternative safe and effective modality of treatment for advanced solid tumors.
Review of clinical profile and bacterial spectrum and sensitivity patterns of pathogens in febrile neutropenic patients in hematological malignancies: A retrospective analysis from a single center
Authors: Karanwal Arun B. , Parikh Bharat J. , Goswami Parijat , Panchal Harsha P. , Parekh Bhavesh B. , Patel Kaushal B. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to study clinical profile with bacterial spectrum and susceptibility patterns of pathogens in culture positive febrile neutropenic (FN) patients of hematological malignancies. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 23 hematological malignancy patients admitted with chemotherapy induced febrile neutropenia with culture positive results, at our institute between June 2011 and December 2011. Results: A total of 23 patients were studied 12 males and 11 females, with a median age of 35 years. Most common diagnosis was acute leukemia (78%) with the majority of patients developing febrile neutropenia during the induction phase of treatment. Most common presenting symptoms were fever, cough, dyspnea, and diarrhea. Primary site of infection was not found in 47% of patients while the rest had lung, gastro-intestinal and skin/soft-tissue infection. Overall 23 organisms were isolated during the study period, from blood (56%), sputum (46%), stool (23%), and nasal swab from one patient. Gram negative bacteria accounted for 78% of organisms while gram positive organisms accounted for 22% of the total isolates. The most common organisms were: Escherichia coli (43%), Staphylococcus aureus (22%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (17.4%) and Klebsiella pneumonia (17.4%). Antibiotic sensitivity patterns of these bacteria were studied. Gram negative bacterial infections were associated with higher mortality (89%). Conclusions: Induction phase of treatment in acute leukemia is the major cause of FN in hematological malignancies at our institute and gram negative organisms are the predominant organisms with E. coli as major isolate while S. aureus represents the most common gram positive organism. Amikacin and cefoperazone/sulbactum appears to be initial antibiotic appropriate to cover most gram negative pathogens while vancomycin to be added for suspected gram positive infections. FN represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality in hematological malignancy patients, high index of suspicion and early empirical antibiotics with supportive care are main interventions to reduce high mortality for these patients. Antibiotics should be modified according to culture sensitive report as soon as possible.
Epidemiological and clinical profile of triple negative breast cancer at a cancer hospital in North India
Authors: Suresh P , Batra Ullas , Doval D.C. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Background: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a recent concept and the burning topic of research today. Various studies have been reported in western literature on TNBCs or the similar group of basal like cancers, all highlighting the poor prognostic features of this molecular subtype in comparison to the other types of breast cancers. However extensive data from India is lacking. The aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiological and clinical profile of TNBcs at our institute. Materials and Methods: Data on 171 patients of TNBCs registered at this hospital between 2005 and 2008 and followed up until December 2010 was collected and reviewed for epidemiological and clinical features. Results: The median age at presentation was 49 years (22-75 years). Sixty eight patients (40%) had lump in the breast of less than 1 month duration. Fourteen (8%) were nulliparous and 10 (7%) patients had crossed the age of 30 years at first full-term pregnancy, 89 (52%) were pre or peri-menopausal at presentation. Only 8 (5%) patients had a family history of breast or ovarian cancer. One hundred and six (62%) patients were stage II, 26 (15%) stage III, 21 (12%) stage I and 18 (10%) stage IV at presentation. One hundred and twenty eight patients (75%) had early breast cancer eligible for surgery at presentation, 25 (15%) were locally advanced and received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and 18 (10%) were found to be metastatic. Modified radical mastectomy was the preferred surgical option by most patients (76%) who underwent upfront surgery in our study. The pathological overall response rates (complete and partial response) after NACT was 75% with complete response rate of 25% and there were no relapses in the complete responders. The median follow-up was 30 months (9-70 months). One hundred and twenty two patients (71%) were alive at last follow-up, 34 (22%) had relapsed, 18 (11%) had died due to progressive disease. Thirty one patients (18%) were lost to follow-up. Most of the relapses were systemic and rarely preceded by local relapses. Conclusions: TNBCs are aggressive cancers with high rates of systemic relapses within the first 3 years of presentation. Longer follow-up of these patients is required for more mature data on these cancers.
Long-term survivor of human immunodeficiency virus-associated plasmablastic lymphoma
Authors: Sharma Atul , Tilak T. V. S. V. G. K. , Lodha Rakesh , Sharma M.C. , Dabkara Deepak 
Published: August 2013

AbstractPlasmablastic lymphoma (PL) is a type of non-Hodgkin′s lymphoma (NHL) having a strong association with immunosuppression, especially, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. It generally has a poor prognosis with most patients dying within 2 years from initial presentation, and long-term survivors are very few. We report the case of a 10-years-old child, presenting in 2003 with swelling on the right side of the face and fever of 2 months. Evaluation revealed a mass in the right palatal and upper alveolar region with extensive spread and bone destruction, regional adenopathy, mass lesion in the liver and hepatosplenomegaly without bone marrow involvement. Histopathology was suggestive of the PL and patient tested positive for HIV. He was started on high grade NHL chemotherapy protocol along with highly-active anti-retroviral therapy HAART. He responded well and is in complete remission since 8 years of completion of treatment and is on HAART.
Primary granulocytic sarcoma of lip - A rare extramedullary presentation of myeloid leukemia
Authors: Chaudhuri Tamojit , Paul Sayan , Srivastava Kirti 
Published: August 2013

AbstractA sixty year old male presented with a swelling in the upper lip. On cytopathology, the patient was diagnosed as a case of granulocytic sarcoma. His bone marrow examination was unremarkable. Patient was then treated by radiotherapy alone 30 Gray in 15 fractions and achieved complete response. Eighteen months after follow up the patient is absolutely normal. To our knowledge this is the first ever reported case of granulocytic sarcoma of lip.
IMPROVEMENT IN PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF IIR/CR RUBBER BLEND ORGANOCLAY NANOCOMPOSITES
Authors: Azizli M. J. , Naderi G. , Bakhshandeh G. R. , Soltani S. , Askari F. , Esmizadeh E. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT
The effects of organoclay loading and chloroprene rubber (CR) concentration on the cure characteristics, microstructure, and mechanical and rheological properties of isobutylene–isoprene rubber (IIR)/CR blend were investigated. Different compositions of CR (10, 20, and 40 wt%) with Cloisite15A as organo modified nanoclay (1, 3, 5, and 7 wt%) were used for blends by a two-roll mill. Samples were vulcanized at 175 °C using a hot press. The cure and scorch times and also the maximum torque of the composites increased with the incorporation of organoclay. Mechanical properties such as tensile strength, elongation at break, modulus (100%, 200%, and 300%), and resilience improved with increasing nanoclay loading. The structure of the nanocomposites was characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). XRD results of nanocomposites indicated that the intercalation of polymer chains into the clay gallery was deduced from increasing the interlayer distance of silicate layers. TEM and SEM also directly confirmed XRD results.
Speakers Discuss Science Policy Challenges in the Water‐Energy Nexus
Authors: Hankin Erik 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWater and energy are linked in the ever‐increasing demand for these resources in the United States. Most energy production requires an abundant, reliable, and predictable source of water, a resource that is, unfortunately, already in short supply throughout large portions of the United States. In addition, developing water supplies can require large amounts of energy for their extraction, transportation, treatment, and distribution. As such, the ­water‐­energy nexus presents a significant challenge for America's water resource and energy developers and distributers as well as for policy makers.
Interpolyelectrolyte complexes of maleic acid copolymers and chitosan for stabilization and functionalization of magnetite nano‐ and microparticles
Authors: Samoilova Nadezhda , Tikhonov Vladimir , Krayukhina Maria , Yamskov Igor 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTA facile method of preparation of stabilized and functionalized nano‐ and microparticles of magnetite by successive application of oppositely charged polymers with a regular structure of macromolecular chains (chitosan and maleic acid copolymers) onto Fe3O4 core are developed. This approach makes it possible to create two types of magnetite interpolyelectrolyte shells, containing carboxylic or amino groups in outer layer of shell. Composition and magnetic properties of composite particles depend on nature of the copolymer of maleic acid, reaction conditions and size of obtained particles. The carboxylic groups of copolymer in outer layer of interpolyelectrolyte shell were converted into reactive anhydride groups by heating. Thermal treatment also leads to covalent crosslinking of shell and improves stability of composites both in acidic and alkaline media. Horseradish peroxidase was successfully immobilized onto covalently crosslinked and activated microparticles of Fe3O4 in aqueous medium without of condensing agents. The proposed reproducible and low‐cost technique does not use toxic reagents or solvents at all stages, including preparation of Fe3O4, formation, activation and crosslinking, of magnetite shell, modification of activated surface of composite particles. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39663.
A nanoparticulate raloxifene delivery system based on biodegradable carboxylated polyurethane: Design, optimization, characterization, and in vitro evaluation
Authors: Babanejad Niloofar , Nikjeh Mir Mohammad Alavi , Amini Mohsen , Dorkoosh Farid A. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTBiodegradable carboxylated polyurethanes with three molecular weights were synthesized to prepare a nanoparticulate sustained delivery system of raloxifene hydrochloride, the drug with poor bioavailability. The nanoparticles were prepared by coprecipitation method. Optimal conditions for the preparation of nanoparticles were obtained using Box–Behnken design. Independent factors were ratio of polymer to drug, Mw of polymer and speed of magnetic stirrer. Dependent variables include zeta potential, polydispersity index (PdI), particle size, and loading efficacy (LE). Results of the fractional factorial design based on an analysis of variance demonstrated that the model for particle size, zeta potential, PdI and loading efficacy was statistically significant. The size of nanoparticles in design experiments were 46–96 nm in diameter and had entrapment efficiency of 84–92%. The nanoparticles were evaluated for in vitro release and showed a sustained release profile (24.19% ± 4.35% after 4 weeks), following the Fickian diffusion‐based release mechanism. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39668.