bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unlikely allies: credibility transfer during a corporate crisis
Authors: Heinze Justin , Uhlmann Eric Luis , Diermeier Daniel 
Published: February 2014

AbstractA company that faces a crisis can reestablish trust with stakeholders by announcing an independent investigation by a third party. Announcing an independent investigation, without knowing its outcome, significantly restored attitudes toward the company while an internal investigation was ineffective. Liberals responded most positively to a company that invited an independent investigation by a consumer advocacy group (Study 1). Experimentally activating liberal values using an implicit priming procedure likewise enhanced credibility transfer from a consumer advocacy group's investigation to a company in crisis (Study 2).
Vested interest and environmental risk communication: improving willingness to cope with impending disasters
Authors: De Dominicis Stefano , Crano William D. , Ganucci Cancellieri Uberta , Mosco Benedetta , Bonnes Mirilia , Hohman Zachary , Bonaiuto Marino 
Published: February 2014

AbstractVested interest theory (VIT), first investigated on environmental risk, suggests that the hedonic relevance of an attitude object moderates relations between attitudes, intentions, and responses to danger. Emphasizing vested interest may maximize impacts of risk communications. Study 1 (N = 215) assessed differences between inhabitants of two flood‐risk areas in Italy on past experience, risk perceptions, concerns, attitudes, and behavioral intentions.Objectively, higher risk areas' residents reported more experience, and greater perceived risk and concern, while no preparedness differences were found (both at “between cities” and “within city” levels). Study 2 (N = 444) looked at the moderating role of VIT‐based risk communication messages on the relationship between vested interest and behavioral intentions. Components of vested interest moderate attitude–intention consistency, suggesting a new method of developing effective risk announcements.
The role of self‐perceived agency and job attainability in women's impressions of successful women in masculine occupations
Authors: Lawson Katie M. , Lips Hilary M. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractPast research indicates that both men and women rate successful women in masculine occupations high in interpersonal hostility and low in likeability. Such unfavorable ratings may constitute impediments to women's career success. The present study investigates social comparison as a possible mechanism contributing to the negative impressions formed by women about successful women in masculine occupations. Students from a U.S. university (n = 236) read a job description, completed self‐perceived agency and job attainability measures, and rated a successful woman in the occupation. Results suggest that for women only, participants high in agency viewed masculine occupations as more attainable, and thus were apparently not motivated to disparage the successful woman in the masculine occupation to salvage their self‐views. The findings support the idea that different underlying mechanisms contribute to women's and men's devaluation of successful women.
Protumoral effect of macrophage through Axl activation on mucoepidermoid carcinoma
Authors: Chiu Kuo‐Chou , Lee Chien‐Hsing , Liu Shyun‐Yeu , Yeh Chi‐Tai , Huang Ren‐Yeong , Yuh Da‐Yo , Cheng Jen‐Chan , Chou Yu‐Ting , Shieh Yi‐Shing 
Published: February 2014

ObjectiveThis study aims to test the potential involvement of Axl signaling in the protumoral effect of tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) in mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC).Materials and MethodsWe carried out co‐cultured experiments by incubation of MEC cells (UT‐MUC‐1) and macrophages (THP‐1) and examined Axl activation status. The expression of MMPs and behavior change were examined in UT‐MUC‐1 cells. The effect of Axl signaling on co‐cultured cancer cells was further investigated by knockdown Axl expression and suppression by Axl‐specific inhibitor R428.ResultsActivation of Axl signaling and increased expression and activity of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 along with increased invasion/migration ability in MEC cells were observed when co‐cultured with TAMs. Upon knockdown of Axl in MEC or addition of R428 in the co‐cultured system, these co‐cultured effects were diminished.ConclusionTAMs play a protumoral role in MEC via activation of the Axl signaling pathway, up‐regulating MMPs expression, and increasing invasion/migration ability.
Relationship Between Ralstonia solanacearum Diversity and Severity of Bacterial Wilt Disease in Tomato Fields in China
Authors: Zheng Xue‐fang , Zhu Yu‐jing , Liu Bo , Zhou You , Che Jian‐mei , Lin Nai‐quan 
Published: February 2014

AbstractA field survey was conducted to determine the relationship between Ralstonia solanacearum diversity and severity of bacterial wilt disease in tomato plants grown in plastic greenhouses. Both vegetative and reproductive stages of the plants were surveyed, and the symptoms were empirically categorized into five scales: 0 (asymptomatic): 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th. The bacterial wilt pathogen was isolated from infected plants at each disease scale; pathogenic characteristics and population densities of the bacterial strains were assessed. Two hundred and eighty‐two isolates were identified as R. solanacearum, which were divided into three pathogenic types, virulent, avirulent and interim, using the attenuation index (AI) method and a plant inoculation bioassay. Ralstonia solanacearum was detected in all asymptomatic and symptomatic tomato plants, with population numbers, ranging from 10.5 to 86.7 × 105 cfu/g. However, asymptomatic plants harboured only avirulent or interim R. solanacearum, whereas tomato plants displaying 1st or 2nd disease degree contained interim and virulent strains. Additionally, 3rd and 4th degree plants harboured only virulent strains. The disease was more severe in vegetative‐stage plants (disease severity index (DSI) 0.20) with higher total numbers of interim and virulent R. solanacearum strains than those in reproductive‐stage plants (DSI 0.12). Three pathotypes of R. solanacearum coexisted in a competitive growth system in the tomato field, and their distribution closely correlated with the severity of tomato bacterial wilt.
Rating the rat: global patterns and research priorities in impacts and management of rodent pests
Authors: Capizzi Dario , Bertolino Sandro , Mortelliti Alessio 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
We report the results of the first systematic assessment of global patterns and research priorities emerging in the field of rodent pest management. We carried out an extensive literature review targeted towards identifying the most relevant rodent pests, their impacts and the most common methods used to control them.
We identified three disproportionally important pest species that are characterized by severe, generalist and geographically widespread impacts: the black rat Rattus rattus, the Norway rat Rattus norvegicus and the house mouse Mus musculus. Overall, only 7% of known rodent species may be considered pests. Scansorial (i.e. terrestrial and semi‐arboreal) and fossorial species are generally important as pests, while aquatic and arboreal species have only specific impacts.
Impacts of rodent pests on arable crops were studied most, followed by impacts on ecosystems. Studies on arable crops were typical in countries with low net income and health expenditure, while the opposite was observed for studies on ecosystems. Poisons were the most commonly used control method, followed by traps and habitat management. The need to control rodent species is expanding, especially to protect ecosystems and public health. Unlike in other fields of pest management (e.g. insect control), in rodent control we are approaching new problems with old solutions; control strategies and methods have not kept pace with emerging impacts.
The need to control a rodent pest species is higher when it is non‐native than within its original geographical range. The impact of a rodent species in its native range is a good predictor of the impact it may have in areas of introduction.
Our review will contribute towards guiding researchers and stakeholders to focus research efforts and investments on a subset of species, and on new, less hazardous control techniques.
Standardized mapping of nodulation patterns in legume roots
Authors: Remmler Lauren , Clairmont Lindsey , Rolland‐Lagan Anne‐Gaëlle , Guinel Frédérique Catherine 
Published: February 2014

Summary

Optimizing nodulation in legumes is a target for crop improvement, and the spatial control of nodulation is just beginning to be unravelled. However, there is currently no method for standard phenotyping of nodulation patterns. Here we present a method and software for the quantitative analysis of nodulation phenotypes.

Roots of nodulated peas (Pisum sativum), wild‐type and two mutants, were photographed. Data from the photographs were extracted using custom image and data analysis software.

The software makes it possible to extract each nodule's position along primary and lateral roots, and to represent the nodulated root system in a standardized way independent of the way roots are arranged in the soil. A wide variety of nodulation and root variables are calculated, and average spatial nodulation patterns can be computed from multiple samples.

Standardized spatial analysis of nodulation patterns opens the way for comparative analyses among genotypes of a single legume species, as here in pea. This approach could also be used to compare nodulation patterns among crops, among plants grown under different environmental conditions, or among plants exposed to different pharmacological treatments. The proposed method should therefore prove useful for studies on nodule organogenesis and nodule physiology and for optimizing nodulation in crops.
Moral realism in nursing
Authors: Edwards Steven D. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractFor more than 15 years Professor Per Nortvedt has been arguing the case for moral realism in nursing and the health‐care context more generally. His arguments focus on the clinical contexts of nursing and medicine and are supplemented by a series of persuasive examples. Following a description of moral realism, and the kinds of considerations that support it, criticisms of it are developed that seem persuasive. It is argued that our moral responses are explained by our beliefs as opposed to moral realities. In particular, two key arguments presented by Nortvedt are challenged: the so‐called argument from convergence and the argument from clinical sensitivity. Both of these key planks in the case for moral realism are rejected, and an alternative ‘social conditioning’ account briefly sketched, which, it is claimed, has the same explanatory power as Nortvedt's thesis but does not rest on an appeal to independently existing moral properties.
Interplays between nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species in cryptogein signalling
Authors: KULIK ANNA , NOIROT ELODIE , GRANDPERRET VINCENT , BOURQUE STÉPHANE , FROMENTIN JÉRÔME , SALLOIGNON PAULINE , TRUNTZER CAROLINE , DOBROWOLSKA GRAŻYNA , SIMON‐PLAS FRANÇOISE , WENDEHENNE DAVID 
Published: February 2014

AbstractNitric oxide (NO) has many functions in plants. Here, we investigated its interplays with reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the defence responses triggered by the elicitin cryptogein. The production of NO induced by cryptogein in tobacco cells was partly regulated through a ROS‐dependent pathway involving the NADPH oxidase NtRBOHD. In turn, NO down‐regulated the level of H2O2. Both NO and ROS synthesis appeared to be under the control of type‐2 histone deacetylases acting as negative regulators of cell death. Occurrence of an interplay between NO and ROS was further supported by the finding that cryptogein triggered a production of peroxynitrite (ONOO−). Next, we showed that ROS, but not NO, negatively regulate the intensity of activity of the cryptogein‐induced protein kinase NtOSAK. Furthermore, using a DNA microarray approach, we identified 15 genes early induced by cryptogein via NO. A part of these genes was also modulated by ROS and encoded proteins showing sequence identity to ubiquitin ligases. Their expression appeared to be negatively regulated by ONOO−, suggesting that ONOO− mitigates the effects of NO and ROS. Finally, we provided evidence that NO required NtRBOHD activity for inducing cell death, thus confirming previous assumption that ROS channel NO through cell death pathways.
Transcriptome analysis of soybean lines reveals transcript diversity and genes involved in the response to common cutworm (Spodoptera litura Fabricius) feeding
Authors: WANG YONGLI , WANG HUI , FAN RUI , YANG QING , YU DEYUE 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe interaction between soybeans and the destructive common cutworm insect is complicated. In this paper, the time course of induced responses to common cutworm was characterized in two soybean lines, and the results showed that the induced resistance peaked at different times in the resistant (WX) and susceptible (NN) soybean lines. Two sets of transcriptome profiles from the WX and NN lines at the peak of their induced resistance were compared using microarray analysis. In total, 827 and 349 transcripts were differentially expressed in the WX and NN lines, respectively, with 80 probes common regulated and seven regulated in the opposite direction. All common‐ and unique‐regulated genes were grouped into 10 functional categories based on sequence similarity searches, which showed that most of the genes were related to stress and defence responses. qRT‐PCR analysis of 22 genes confirmed the results of the microarray analysis. The spatiotemporal expression patterns of the six genes revealed the consistency of systemic expression levels with the timing of the resistance response observed in the bioassay experiments. In summary, we described the conceptual model of induced resistance in two soybean lines and provided the first large‐scale survey of common cutworm‐induced defence transcripts in soybean.
Lacking chloroplasts in guard cells of crumpled leaf attenuates stomatal opening: both guard cell chloroplasts and mesophyll contribute to guard cell ATP levels
Authors: WANG SHU‐WEI , LI YING , ZHANG XIAO‐LU , YANG HAI‐QIANG , HAN XUE‐FEI , LIU ZHAO‐HUI , SHANG ZHONG‐LIN , ASANO TOMOYA , YOSHIOKA YASUSHI , ZHANG CHUN‐GUANG , CHEN YU‐LING 
Published: February 2014

AbstractControversies regarding the function of guard cell chloroplasts and the contribution of mesophyll in stomatal movements have persisted for several decades. Here, by comparing the stomatal opening of guard cells with (crl‐ch) or without chloroplasts (crl‐no ch) in one epidermis of crl (crumpled leaf) mutant in Arabidopsis, we showed that stomatal apertures of crl‐no ch were approximately 65–70% those of crl‐ch and approximately 50–60% those of wild type. The weakened stomatal opening in crl‐no ch could be partially restored by imposing lower extracellular pH. Correspondingly, the external pH changes and K+ accumulations following fusicoccin (FC) treatment were greatly reduced in the guard cells of crl‐no ch compared with crl‐ch and wild type. Determination of the relative ATP levels in individual cells showed that crl‐no ch guard cells contained considerably lower levels of ATP than did crl‐ch and wild type after 2 h of white light illumination. In addition, guard cell ATP levels were lower in the epidermis than in leaves, which is consistent with the observed weaker stomatal opening response to white light in the epidermis than in leaves. These results provide evidence that both guard cell chloroplasts and mesophyll contribute to the ATP source for H+ extrusion by guard cells.
Bartonella henselae infection inducing hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in a kidney transplant recipient
Authors: Poudel Atul , Lew Judy , Slayton William , Dharnidharka Vikas R. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBartonella henselae (Bh) is the cause of cat‐scratch fever. When infection is symptomatic, it typically presents with singular lymphadenitis and fever. Less commonly, the infection can become disseminated and cause endocarditis, osteomyelitis, and micro‐abscesses in multiple sites including liver, spleen, eyes, and brain, especially in immunocompromised patients. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (Hlh) is a rare and severe multisystem disorder that may be triggered by infections. In one prior case, Bh, like other infections, has induced Hlh, an immune‐mediated disease that can be characterized by septic‐like presentation with persistent fevers, hepatosplenomegaly, and pancytopenia. In an immunocompromised transplant recipient, the onset of Hlh can be difficult to discern from a severe presentation of Bh. We report a case of criteria‐proven secondary Hlh occurring after Bh infection in an 11‐yr‐old girl who was 13 months post‐renal transplant. The patient developed multi‐organ failure, and her severe clinical presentation required a thorough evaluation for infectious and non‐infectious possibilities including post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder and rejection. Early recognition of Hlh allowed for better directed therapies, leading to recovery of the patient and resolution of both Bh and Hlh.
The Number of Accumulated Photons and the Quality of Stimulated Emission Depletion Lifetime Images
Authors: Syed Aleem , Lesoine Michael D. , Bhattacharjee Ujjal , Petrich Jacob W. , Smith Emily A. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractTime binning is used to increase the number of photon counts in the peak channel of stimulated emission depletion fluorescence lifetime decay curves to determine how it affects the resulting lifetime image. The fluorescence lifetime of the fluorophore, Alexa Fluor 594 phalloidin, bound to F‐actin is probed in cultured S2 cells at a spatial resolution of ~40 nm. This corresponds to a 10‐fold smaller probe volume compared to confocal imaging, and a reduced number of photons contributing to the signal. Pixel‐by‐pixel fluorescence lifetime measurements and error analysis show that an average of 40 ± 30 photon counts in the peak channel with a signal‐to‐noise ratio of 20 is enough to calculate a reliable fluorescence lifetime from a single exponential fluorescence decay. No heterogeneity in the actin cytoskeleton in different regions of the cultured cells was measured in the 40–400 nm spatial regime.
Folic Acid Supplementation and Interpregnancy Interval
Authors: Nilsen Roy Miodini , Mastroiacovo Pierpaolo , Gunnes Nina , Alsaker Elin R. , Bjørke‐Monsen Anne Lise , Eussen Simone J. P. M. , Haugen Margaretha , Johannessen Ane , Meltzer Helle Margrete , Stoltenberg Camilla , Ueland Per Magne , Vollset Stein Emil 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundMaternal folic acid supplementation between subsequent pregnancies may be important to reduce the risk of low folate status associated with short interpregnancy intervals. We examined how the prevalence of preconception folic acid use for a given pregnancy in Norwegian women varied according to the time interval from the previous pregnancy.MethodsAnalysis was based on 48 855 pairs of pregnancies with the second pregnancy included in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (birth years 1999–2009). Interpregnancy interval was defined as the time from birth of a child to the conception of the subsequent sibling. Preconception folic acid use was defined as any use of folic acid‐containing supplements within the last 4 weeks before the second pregnancy.ResultsThe prevalence of preconception folic acid use was 31%. Among women with a term birth (≥37 weeks) in the previous pregnancy (92%), those with interpregnancy intervals ≤12 and ≥49 months were associated with up to 35% lower prevalence of preconception folic acid use for the second pregnancy, relative to the reference group (13–24 months). The low use in short intervals was mainly attributable to lower proportion of planned pregnancies and fewer women with higher education. Among women with a preterm birth (<37 weeks) in the previous pregnancy (8%), preconception folic acid use significantly decreased with increasing pregnancy spacing.ConclusionsOur finding of a lower preconception folic acid use in women with both short and long interpregnancy intervals might help identifying those with higher risk of folate deficiency and preventing unwanted pregnancy outcomes.
Cognitive processing load across a wide range of listening conditions: Insights from pupillometry
Authors: Zekveld Adriana A. , Kramer Sophia E. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe pupil response to speech masked by interfering speech was assessed across an intelligibility range from 0% to 99% correct. In total, 37 participants aged between 18 and 36 years and with normal hearing were included. Pupil dilation was largest at intermediate intelligibility levels, smaller at high intelligibility, and slightly smaller at very difficult levels. Participants who reported that they often gave up listening at low intelligibility levels had smaller pupil dilations in these conditions. Participants who were good at reading masked text had relatively large pupil dilation when intelligibility was low. We conclude that the pupil response is sensitive to processing load, and possibly reflects cognitive overload in difficult conditions. It seems affected by methodological aspects and individual abilities, but does not reflect subjective ratings.
Hypomethylation of perforin regulatory elements in CD4+T cells from rat spleens contributes to the development of autoimmune emphysema
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Yan Mu‐Yun , Lu Ping , Chen Ping , Yang Min , Ye Xian‐Wei , Xu Mei , Yang Zhang‐Hong Ou , Zhang Xiang‐Yan 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackground and objectiveIt is widely accepted that perforin regulatory elements are hypomethylated in CD4+ T cells from patients with active lupus, but whether this is the case in autoimmune emphysema is not known.MethodsTwenty rats were randomly divided into a normal control group and an emphysema group. Rat models of emphysema were established by intraperitoneal injection with xenogeneic endothelial cells. The levels of tumour necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐8 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐9 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured, lung mean linear intercept and destructive index measured. Mean methylation of perforin gene promoter in CD4+ T cells and the expression of perforin were investigated. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick end labelling methods were used to examine the percentage of apoptotic cells in the alveolar septa.ResultsThe levels of MMP‐9 in BALF were higher in emphysema group than in control group (P < 0.05). The mean linear intercept and destructive index were higher in emphysema group than in control group (P < 0.05). The mean perforin gene promotor methylation of emphysema group was significantly decreased as compared with control group, while the expression levels of perforin gene were relatively higher (P < 0.05). There were more terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick end labelling‐positive cells in the alveolar septa in control group than in emphysema group.ConclusionsHypomethylation of perforin regulatory elements in CD4+ T cells may result in the lung septal cell apoptosis associated with the development of experimental autoimmune emphysema. MMP‐9 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of this kind of disease.