bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing stratified epithelia: lessons from the epidermis and thymus
Authors: Roberts Natalie , Horsley Valerie 
Published: August 2014

Stratified squamous epithelial cells are found in a number of organs, including the skin epidermis and the thymus. The progenitor cells of the developing epidermis form a multi‐layered epithelium and appendages, like the hair follicle, to generate an essential barrier to protect against water loss and invasion of foreign pathogens. In contrast, the thymic epithelium forms a three‐dimensional mesh of keratinocytes that are essential for positive and negative selection of self‐restricted T cells. While these distinct stratified epithelial tissues derive from distinct embryonic germ layers, both tissues instruct immunity, and the epithelial differentiation programs and molecular mechanisms that control their development are remarkably similar. In this review, we aim to highlight some of the similarities between the thymus and the skin epidermis and its appendages during developmental specification. WIREs Dev Biol 2014, 3:389–402. doi: 10.1002/wdev.146This article is categorized under:

Signaling Pathways > Cell Fate Signaling
Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Tissue Stem Cells and Niches
Cotranscriptional events in eukaryotic ribosome synthesis
Authors: Turowski Tomasz W. , Tollervey David 
Published: August 2014

Eukaryotic ribosomes are synthesized in a complex, multistep pathway. This begins with transcription of the rDNA genes by a specialized RNA polymerase, accompanied by the cotranscriptional binding of large numbers of ribosome synthesis factors, small nucleolar RNAs and ribosomal proteins. Cleavage of the nascent transcript releases the early pre‐40S and pre‐60S particles, which acquire export competence in the nucleoplasm prior to translocation through the nuclear pore complexes and final maturation to functional ribosomal subunits in the cytoplasm. This review will focus on the many and complex interactions occurring during pre‐rRNA synthesis, particularly in budding yeast in which the pathway is best understood. WIREs RNA 2015, 6:129–139. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1263This article is categorized under:

Translation > Ribosome Biogenesis
RNA Processing > rRNA Processing
Dipyridylamide Donor Disposition and Isophthalate Substituent Steric Effect on the Dimensionality and Topology of Divalent Copper Coordination Polymers
Authors: O'Donovan Megan E. , Porta Angela R. , Torres Salgado Maria D. , LaDuca Robert L. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractDivalent copper coordination polymers containing an isophthalate ligand and a dipyridylamide ligand show different dimensionalities and topologies depending on pyridyl nitrogen donor disposition and the steric bulk of the substituent on the dicarboxylate aromatic ring. According to single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, [Cu(ip)(3‐pna)]n (1, ip = isophthalate, 3‐pna = 3‐pyridylnicotinamide) shows a (4, 4) layered grid structure based on {Cu2(OCO)2} dimeric units. {[Cu(ip)(3‐pina)]·H2O}n (2, 3‐pina = 3‐pyridylisonicotinamide) exhibits similar dimeric units, but in contrast to 1 these are connected into a non‐interpenetrated 3D 658 cds network. Both [Cu(mip)(3‐pina)]n (3, mip = 5‐methylisophthalate) and [Cu(meoip)(3‐pina)]n (4, mip = 5‐methoxyisophthalate) display dimer‐based 41263 pcu networks in contrast to 2. Use of 5‐hydroxyisophthalate (H2hip) as a precursor afforded a mixture of {[Cu2(hip)2(3‐pina)4]·9.5H2O}n (5) and [Cu(hip)(3‐pina)]n (6). Compound 5 shows a 2D interdigitated structure with [Cu(hip)]n coordination polymer layers featuring {Cu2(OCO)2} dimeric units and pendant 3‐pina ligands, while 6 also showed a dimer‐based 41263 pcu network. Use of the very sterically bulky 5‐tert‐butylisophthalate (tbip) ligand afforded the 1D chain coordination polymer {[Cu(tbip)(3‐pina)2(H2O)]·H2O}n (7), which contains isolated copper ions in contrast to 1–6, and has a curious “butterfly“ resemblance. Very weak antiferromagnetic coupling is seen within the {Cu2(OCO)2} dimeric units in 1. Thermal decomposition behavior is also discussed.
Reactions of Group 4 Metallocenes with N,N′‐Diphenylformamidine – Hydrogen Generation versus Oxidative Addition
Authors: Haehnel Martin , Schubert Kathleen , Becker Lisanne , Arndt Perdita , Spannenberg Anke , Rosenthal Uwe 
Published: August 2014

AbstractReactions of Cp2M(L)(η2‐Me3SiC2SiMe3) (Cp = η5‐cyclopentadienyl) (1‐Ti: M = Ti, no L; 1‐Zr: M = Zr, L = pyridine) with PhN=C(H)–N(H)Ph are discussed, giving for titanium the formation of hydrogen together with the four‐membered TiIII metallacycle Cp2Ti(κ2‐N,N′‐PhN–C(H)–NPh) (2). For zirconium in the same reaction at elevated temperature the ZrIV complex Cp2Zr(H)(κ2‐N,N′‐PhN–C(H)–NPh) (3) and at ambient temperature, as an intermediate for this, the σ‐alkenyl complex Cp2Zr[C(SiMe3)C=CH(SiMe3)](κ2‐N,N′‐PhN–C(H)–NPh)] (4) were formed. Alternatively, metallation of PhN=C(H)–N(H)Ph and its subsequent reaction with [Cp2TiCl]2 gave 2 and with Schwartz's reagent Cp2Zr(H)(Cl) complex 3. Complex 2 reacts with additional Cp2Ti(η2‐Me3SiC2SiMe3) (1‐Ti) but there are no hints for the expected reduction of the PhN=C(H)–N(H)Ph unit to PhN=C=NPh by further C–H bond activation, the formation of hydrogen and products of the assumed unstable intermediate [Cp2Ti(κ2‐N,N′‐Ph–N=C=N–Ph)]. The molecular structure of complex 2 was determined by X‐ray analysis.
Choice overload: A conceptual review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chernev Alexander , Böckenholt Ulf , Goodman Joseph 
Published: August 2014

AbstractDespite the voluminous evidence in support of the paradoxical finding that providing individuals with more options can be detrimental to choice, the question of whether and when large assortments impede choice remains open. Even though extant research has identified a variety of antecedents and consequences of choice overload, the findings of the individual studies fail to come together into a cohesive understanding of when large assortments can benefit choice and when they can be detrimental to choice. In a meta‐analysis of 99 observations (N = 7202) reported by prior research, we identify four key factors—choice set complexity, decision task difficulty, preference uncertainty, and decision goal—that moderate the impact of assortment size on choice overload. We further show that each of these four factors has a reliable and significant impact on choice overload, whereby higher levels of decision task difficulty, greater choice set complexity, higher preference uncertainty, and a more prominent, effort‐minimizing goal facilitate choice overload. We also find that four of the measures of choice overload used in prior research—satisfaction/confidence, regret, choice deferral, and switching likelihood—are equally powerful measures of choice overload and can be used interchangeably. Finally, we document that when moderating variables are taken into account the overall effect of assortment size on choice overload is significant—a finding counter to the data reported by prior meta‐analytic research.
Tivantinib (ARQ 197) efficacy is independent of MET inhibition in non‐small‐cell lung cancer cell lines
Authors: Calles Antonio , Kwiatkowski Nicholas , Cammarata Bernard K. , Ercan Dalia , Gray Nathanael S. , Jänne Pasi A. 
Published: August 2014

MET targeted therapies are under clinical evaluation for non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) against MET have varying degrees of specificity. Tivantinib (ARQ 197) is reported to be a non‐ATP competitive selective MET inhibitor. We aimed to compare the activity of tivantinib to established MET TKIs in a panel of NSCLC cell lines characterized by their MET dependency and by different relevant genotypes. A549, H3122, PC9 and HCC827, their respective resistant clones PC9 GR4 and HCC827 GR6 and the MET amplified cell lines H1993 and EBC‐1 were treated in vitro with tivantinib, crizotinib or PHA‐665752. Crizotinib and PHA‐665752 showed growth inhibition restricted to MET dependent cell lines. The pattern of activity was related to MET inhibition and downstream signaling inhibition of AKT and ERK1/2, resulting in G0/G1 cycle arrest and apoptosis. In contrast, tivantinib possessed more potent anti‐proliferative activity that was not restricted to only MET dependent cell lines. Tivantinib did not inhibit cellular MET activity or phosphorylation of downstream signaling proteins AKT or ERK1/2 in either MET dependent or independent cell lines. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated that tivantinib induced a G2/M arrest and induced apoptosis. Tivantinib but not crizotinib effected microtubule dynamics, disrupting mitotic spindles by a mechanism consistent with it functioning as a microtubule depolymerizer. Tivantinib activity is independent of MET signaling in NSCLC and suggests alternative mechanisms of action that should be considered when interpreting the results from on‐going clinical studies.
A case of a rapidly expanding odontogenic myxoma of the mandible
Authors: Higo Morihiro , Kasamatsu Atsushi , Ogawara Katsunori , Shiiba Masashi , Uzawa Katsuhiro , Tanzawa Hideki 
Published: August 2014

AbstractOdontogenic myxoma (OM) is a rare benign neoplasm with locally aggressive behavior. We present an unusual case of OM as a rapidly expanding lesion in the mandible of a 62‐year‐old woman who underwent segmental mandibulectomy and primary mandibular reconstruction using a titanium plate. Histologically, we observed stellate and spindle‐shaped cells lying loosely in abundant mucoid stroma. Immunohistochemical staining was positive for smooth muscle actin and vimentin and negative for desmin and p53. The patient was followed up for 24 months without a recurrence. Long‐term follow‐up is required due to the high risk of recurrence.
When Gravity Fails: Israeli Settlements and Admissibility at the ICC
Authors: Kontorovich Eugene 
Published: August 2014

In the wake of the UN General Assembly's recent recognition of Palestinian statehood, the Palestinian government has made clear its intention to challenge in the International Criminal Court (ICC or the Court) the legality of Israeli settlements. This article explores jurisdictional hurdles for such a case. To focus on the jurisdictional issues, the article assumes for the sake of argument the validity of the merits of the legal claims against the settlements.The ICC only takes situations of particular ‘gravity’. Yet settlements are not a ‘grave breach’ under the Rome Statute. No modern international criminal tribunal has ever prosecuted crimes that do not involve systematic violence and physical coercion. The ICC's gravity measure involves the number of persons killed; for settlements it would be zero. Indeed, the ICC Prosecutor triages situations by the numbers of victims; settlements do not appear to have direct individual victims. Finally, the ICC would at most have jurisdiction over settlement activity only from the date of Palestine's acceptance of jurisdiction. Settlement activity in this time frame would not immediately cross the ICC's gravity threshold.
Intra-operative monitoring of the spinal accessory nerve: a systematic review
Authors: McGarvey A C , Hoffman G R , Osmotherly P G , Chiarelli P E 
Published: August 2014

AbstractObjective:To investigate evidence that intra-operative nerve monitoring of the spinal accessory nerve affects the prevalence of post-operative shoulder morbidity and predicts functional outcome.Methods:A search of the Medline, Scopus and Cochrane databases from 1995 to October 2012 was undertaken, using the search terms ‘monitoring, intra-operative’ and ‘accessory nerve’. Articles were included if they pertained to intra-operative accessory nerve monitoring undertaken during neck dissection surgery and included a functional shoulder outcome measure. Further relevant articles were obtained by screening the reference lists of retrieved articles.Results:Only three articles met the inclusion criteria of the review. Two of these included studies suggesting that intra-operative nerve monitoring shows greater specificity than sensitivity in predicting post-operative shoulder dysfunction. Only one study, with a small sample size, assessed intra-operative nerve monitoring in neck dissection patients.Conclusion:It is unclear whether intra-operative nerve monitoring is a useful tool for reducing the prevalence of accessory nerve injury and predicting post-operative functional shoulder outcome in patients undergoing neck dissection. Larger, randomised studies are required to determine whether such monitoring is a valuable surgical adjunct.
Radiofrequency dissection versus ‘knot tying’ in conventional total thyroidectomy
Authors: Ozkul M H , Açikalin R M , Balikci H H , Bayram O , Bayram AA 
Published: August 2014

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of radiofrequency dissection in conventional ‘open’ total thyroidectomy.Methods:Thirty-nine patients scheduled for conventional total thyroidectomy were included in a prospective randomised study. Patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups: a radiofrequency dissection method was used in one group, and a knot tying technique was used in the other.Results:Significantly fewer surgical instruments and materials were required for the radiofrequency dissection group than the knot tying group (p < 0.01). There were no significant differences between the two groups in mean operative time, blood loss, post-operative drainage and pain, recurrent palsy, and hypocalcaemia (p > 0.05).Conclusion:Radiofrequency dissection is a safe alternative to the knot tying technique, and enables a significant reduction in the number of surgical instruments required for the operation.
Comparing the resident populations of private and public long-term care facilities over a 15-year period: a study from Quebec, Canada
Authors: BRAVO GINA , DUBOIS MARIE-FRANCE , DUBUC NICOLE , DEMERS LOUIS , BLANCHETTE DANIÈLE , PAINTER KAREN , LESTAGE CATHERINE , CORBIN CINTHIA 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTIn the province of Quebec, Canada, long-term residential care is provided by two types of facility: privately owned facilities in which care is privately financed and delivered and publicly subsidised accredited facilities. There are few comparative data on the residents served by the private and public sectors, and none on whether their respective population has changed over time. Such knowledge would help plan services for older adults who can no longer live at home due to increased disabilities. This study compared (a) the resident populations currently served by private and public facilities and (b) how they have evolved over time. The data come from two cross-sectional studies conducted in 1995–2000 and 2010–2012. In both studies, we randomly selected care settings in which we randomly selected older residents. In total, 451 residents from 145 settings assessed in 1995–2000 were compared to 329 residents from 102 settings assessed in 2010–2012. In both study periods, older adults housed in the private sector had fewer cognitive and functional disabilities than those in public facilities. Between the two study periods, the proportion of residents with severe disabilities decreased in private facilities while it remained over 80 per cent in their public counterparts. Findings indicate that private facilities care today for less-disabled older adults, leaving to public facilities the heavy responsibility of caring for those with more demanding needs. These trends may impact both sectors' ability to deliver proper residential care.
Health capital in everyday life of the oldest old living in their own homes
Authors: BERGLAND ASTRID , SLETTEBØ ÅSHILD 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTAs more people experience old age as a time of growth and productivity, more research is needed that explores how they master everyday life. This paper reports on a qualitative study that explored how ten older women age 90 years or more experience and cope with the challenges of everyday life with a salutogenic perspective. The findings suggest that health resources such as positive expectation, reflection and adaptation, function and active contribution, relations and home, contribute to the health capital of women. These health resources were of importance for the women's experience of comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness in daily life. Health capital is a meaningful concept for understanding coping in everyday life by older people.
Laser wakefield acceleration of electrons from a density-modulated plasma
Authors: Gupta D.N. , Gopal K. , Nam I.H. , Kulagin V.V. , Suk H. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis research reports the increased electron energy gain from laser wakefield acceleration in density-modulated plasma with an external magnetic field. Periodic plasma density- modulation can excite higher harmonics of different phase velocities of fundamental wakefield that can assist in improving the self-trapping of pre-accelerated electrons to accelerate them for higher energy. Furthermore, the applied magnetic field assisted self-injection can also contribute in electron energy enhancement during the acceleration. The physical mechanism is described with a theoretical formulation for this scheme. Results of two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations are reported to understand the proposed idea.
Tuberculosis in Laos, who is at risk: the mahouts or their elephants?
Authors: LASSAUSAIE J. , BRET A. , BOUAPAO X. , CHANTHAVONG V. , CASTONGUAY-VANIER J. , QUET F. , MIKOTA S. K. , THÉORÊT C. , BUISSON Y. , BOUCHARD B. 
Published: August 2014

SUMMARYTuberculosis (TB) in elephants has the potential to infect humans and is an increasing public health concern. Lao PDR is one of the last countries where elephants are still used for timber extraction and where they live in close contact with their mahouts. There are 500 animals at work in the country, some interacting with wild herds. Although human TB prevalence is known to be high in Laos, studies on elephant TB had yet to be undertaken. From January to July 2012, screening was performed using the ElephantTB Stat-Pak assay on 80 elephants working around the Nam Pouy National Park in Sayaboury Province. This represents more than 18% of the total registered national working elephant population. Here we report that 36% of the elephants were seroreactive to the test. Of these, 31% had contacts with wild individuals, which suggests potential transmission of mycobacteria to the local wild herds. Clinical examination, chest X-rays, sputum microscopy and culture were performed on their 142 mahouts or owners. Despite high TB seroreactivity in elephants, no participant was smear- or culture-positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis or M. bovis, although atypical mycobacteria were isolated from 4% of participants.
Trypanosoma cruzi screening in Texas blood donors, 2008–2012
Authors: GARCIA M. N. , WOC-COLBURN L. , ROSSMANN S. N. , TOWNSEND R. L. , STRAMER S. L. , BRAVO M. , KAMEL H. , BEDDARD R. , TOWNSEND M. , OLDHAM R. , BOTTAZZI M. E. , HOTEZ P. J. , MURRAY K. O. 
Published: August 2014

SUMMARYChagas disease is an important emerging disease in Texas that results in cardiomyopathy in about 30% of those infected with the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Between the years 2008 and 2012, about 1/6500 blood donors were T. cruzi antibody-confirmed positive. We found older persons and minority populations, particularly Hispanic, at highest risk for screening positive for T. cruzi antibodies during routine blood donation. Zip code analysis determined that T. cruzi is associated with poverty. Chagas disease has a significant disease burden and is a cause of substantial economic losses in Texas.
Normal Birth Weight Variation and Children’s Neuropsychological Functioning: Links between Language, Executive Functioning, and Theory of Mind
Authors: Wade M. , Browne D.T. , Madigan S. , Plamondon A. , Jenkins J.M. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe effect of low birth weight on children’s development has been documented for a range of neurocognitive outcomes. However, few previous studies have examined the effect of birth weight variability within the normal range on children’s neuropsychological development. The current study examined birth weight variation amongst children weighing ≥2500 g in relation to their language, executive functioning (EF), and theory of mind (ToM), and specified a developmental pathway in which birth weight was hypothesized to be associated with children’s EF and ToM through their intermediary language skills. The current study used a prospective community birth cohort of 468 children. Families were recruited when children were newborns and followed up every 18 months until children were age 4.5. Language was assessed at age 3 using a standardized measure of receptive vocabulary (PPVT), and EF and ToM were measured at age 4.5 using previously validated and developmentally appropriate tasks. After controlling for potential confounding variables (family income, parent education, gestational age), birth weight within the normal range was associated with language ability at age 3 (β=.17;p=.012); and the effect of birth weight on both EF (z=2.09;p=.03) and ToM (z=2.07;p=.03) at age 4.5 operated indirectly through their language ability at age 3. Our findings indicate that the effects of birth weight on child neurocognition extend into the normal range of birth weight, and specific developmental mechanisms may link these skills over time. (JINS, 2014,20, 1–11)
Predicted efficacy of the Palestinian wheat flour fortification programme: complementary analysis of biochemical and dietary data
Authors: Abdeen Ziad , Ramlawi Asa’d , Qaswari Radwan , Alrub Ala’ Abu , Dary Omar , Rambeloson Zo , Shahab-Ferdows Setareh , Dror Daphna , Allen Lindsay H , Carriquiry Alicia , Salman Rand , Dkeidek Sahar 
Published: August 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo utilize complementary biochemical and dietary data collected before the initiation of national flour fortification to (i) identify micronutrient insufficiencies or deficiencies and dietary inadequacies in Palestinian women and children in vulnerable communities and (ii) assess the suitability of the current wheat flour fortification formula.DesignQuantitative dietary intake questionnaires were administered and fasting venous blood samples collected in randomly selected households in Gaza City and Hebron. The impact of fortification was simulated by estimating the additional micronutrient content of fortified wheat flour.SettingHouseholds in Gaza City and Hebron that were not receiving food aid from social programmes.SubjectsNon-pregnant women (18–49 years) and children aged 36–83 months.ResultsThe micronutrients with highest prevalence of insufficiency were vitamin D in women (84–97 % with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D <50 nmol/l) and vitamin B12 in women and children (43–82 % with serum B12 <221 pmol/l). Deficiencies of vitamin A, Fe and Zn were also of public health concern. Current levels of wheat flour fortificants were predicted to improve, but not eliminate, micronutrient intake inadequacies. Modification of fortificant concentrations of vitamin D, thiamin, vitamin B12, Zn and folic acid may be indicated.ConclusionsMicronutrient insufficiencies or deficiencies and intake inadequacies were prevalent based on either biochemical or dietary intake criteria. Adjustments to the current fortification formula for wheat flour are necessary to better meet the nutrient needs of Palestinian women and children.