bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Libéralités et personnes âgées : entre autonomie et protection
Authors: Morin Christine 
Published: November 2013

Avec le vieillissement de la population surgissent des questions juridiques importantes, entre autres en matière de transmission du patrimoine des personnes âgées. Plusieurs aînés possèdent un patrimoine dont la valeur est considérable et ils sont susceptibles de le transmettre à court ou à moyen terme, notamment au moyen de libéralités. Or, on sait que le contentieux relatif aux libéralités consenties par des personnes âgées est abondant. La lecture de la jurisprudence nous apprend par ailleurs que plusieurs motifs de contestation sont en lien avec l’âge de l’auteur de la libéralité.
Devant ce constat, il y a lieu de s’interroger pour savoir s’il faut effectivement se méfier des libéralités des aînés. Les personnes âgées nécessitent- elles une protection particulière à ce chapitre?
Nombreux sont les spécialistes qui mettent en garde contre l’âgisme. Par contre, il convient de distinguer les comportements « âgistes » des comportements « en fonction de l’âge d’une personne ». Si le premier type de comportement résulte de croyances erronées et de stéréotypes envers les personnes âgées, le second peut, au contraire, constituer un comportement approprié en raison de l’âge d’une personne.
Sachant que ces deux types de comportement à l’égard des aînés existent, cet article a pour objectif d’étudier comment « l’âge avancé » de l’auteur d’une libéralité influence le raisonnement des juges. Quel est l’impact des représentations sociales associées à l’âge dans les décisions judiciaires rendues en matière de libéralités? S’il est vrai que le droit se méfie généralement des libéralités, qu’en est-il lorsqu’une personne aînée en est l’auteure?
La fiducie française ou le réveil chaotique d’une « belle au bois dormant »
Authors: Barrière François 
Published: November 2013

La fiducie, connue déjà de Rome, a longtemps été espérée en France. Sans attendre sa reconnaissance sous forme d’institution nommée, de nombreuses techniques juridiques en portaient tous les traits, avec certes un domaine d’application spécifique. Moins qu’une révolution juridique, l’introduction de la fiducie nommée aurait alors dû être une évolution paisible du droit français. Il n’en fut rien. Sa naissance a été chaotique. C’est une petite fiducie qui est née. Son champ d’application était, alors, étroitement limité, illustration de craintes persistantes de l’administration fiscale notamment avec une discrimination de capacité quant aux constituants regrettable. La rupture avec l’unité du patrimoine a toutefois été consommée dès l’origine. Et la nature du droit détenu par le fiduciaire n’a pas manqué de donner lieu à débat. La qualité du texte législatif initialement voté laissait à désirer, illustration d’une tendance des temps modernes. Progressivement, le cadre légal s’est amélioré; le régime juridique s’est affiné pour aujourd’hui s’être stabilisé et offrir un corpus davantage cohérent à l’institution fiduciaire. Cela est peut-être signe que l’introduction de cette « belle au bois dormant » dans un terreau de droit civil a besoin de temps pour s’acclimater.
La fiducie-sûreté en droit français
Authors: Barrière François 
Published: November 2013

Lorsque la situation financière devient tendue, que l’octroi de crédit se fait plus difficile, que la situation économique se détériore, que les risques de recouvrement des créances augmentent, l’intérêt d’une sûreté efficace en faveur du prêteur apparaît encore plus nettement que d’habitude. La sûreté-propriété constituée par la fiducie devrait donc paraître comme un moyen idoine d’apporter la sécurité recherchée par les prêteurs et participer ainsi à fluidifier le circuit du crédit, voire à faciliter certaines restructurations d’entreprises. Mais l’intérêt du débiteur en « faillite » ne doit pas être négligé non plus et l’objectif de sauvegarde de l’entreprise en difficulté avec la sécurité attachée à la sûreté doit être concilié.
L’intérêt de la fiducie-sûreté est triple. D’abord, le créancier est particulièrement bien protégé grâce à l’exclusivité du droit de propriété qui lui est transférée. Ensuite, la constitution d’une telle sûreté est aisée. Enfin, la réalisation de la fiducie-sûreté en période de procédure collective offre un régime avantageux à son bénéficiaire. Cette sûreté pourrait donc, indépendamment de périodes de crise du crédit, se développer de manière notable. La fiducie-sûreté nommée pourrait-elle alors devenir reine des sûretés ?
Supershear rupture of the 5 January 2013 Craig, Alaska (Mw7.5) earthquake
Authors: Yue Han , Lay Thorne , Freymueller Jeffrey T. , Ding Kaihua , Rivera Luis , Ruppert Natalia A. , Koper Keith D. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSupershear rupture, in which a fracture's crack tip expansion velocity exceeds the elastic shear wave velocity, has been extensively investigated theoretically and experimentally and previously inferred from seismic wave observations for six continental strike‐slip earthquakes. We find extensive evidence of supershear rupture expansion of an oceanic interplate earthquake, the 5 January 2013Mw = 7.5 Craig, Alaska earthquake. This asymmetric bilateral strike‐slip rupture occurred on the Queen Charlotte Fault, offshore of southeastern Alaska. Observations of first‐arrivingSnandSgshear waves originating from positions on the fault closer than the hypocenter for several regional seismic stations, with path calibrations provided by an empirical Green's function approach, indicate a supershear rupture process. Several waveform inversion and modeling techniques were further applied to determine the rupture velocity and space‐time distribution of slip using regional seismic and geodetic observations. Both theoretical and empirical Green's functions were used in the analyses, with all results being consistent with a rupture velocity of 5.5 to 6 km/s, exceeding the crustal and upper mantleSwave velocity and approaching the crustalPwave velocity. Supershear rupture occurred along ~100 km of the northern portion of the rupture zone but not along the shorter southern rupture extension. The direction in which supershear rupture developed may be related to the strong material contrast across the continental‐oceanic plate boundary, as predicted theoretically and experimentally. The shear and surface wave Mach waves involve strongly enhanced ground motions at azimuths oblique to the rupture direction, emphasizing the enhanced hazard posed by supershear rupture of large strike‐slip earthquakes.
Cobalt Carbonyl‐Based Catalyst for Hydrosilylation of Carboxamides
Authors: Dombray Thomas , Helleu Camille , Darcel Christophe , Sortais Jean‐Baptiste 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe cobalt carbonyl [Co2(CO)8] complex is employed as a useful catalyst for the reduction of tertiary amides to the corresponding tertiary amines using 1,1,3,3‐tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDS) and poly(methylhydrosiloxane) (PMHS) as silane reagents under thermal (100 °C) or photo‐assisted conditions (UV, 350 nm at room temperature). Of particular interest, a low catalytic amount (0.5 mol%) of [Co2(CO)8] is used to perform the reaction with 2.2 equiv. of PMHS at 100 °C for 3 h. This reaction is the first example of a cobalt‐catalyzed hydrosilylation of amides.magnified image
High Diastereoselectivity Induced by a Fluorous Alkyl Group in the Asymmetric Michael Reaction of Nitroalkenes Catalyzed by a Prolinol Methyl Ether
Authors: Funabiki Kazumasa , Ohta Masaya , Sakaida Yuta , Oida Kiyofumi , Kubota Yasuhiro , Matsui Masaki 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe fluorous prolinol methyl ether was prepared through the perfluorohexylethylation of (S)‐1‐tert‐butyl 2‐methyl pyrrolidine‐1,2‐dicarboxylate using commercially available perfluorohexylethyl iodide, methylation, and deprotection in three steps in 19 % overall yield. In the asymmetric Michael addition reaction of nitrostyrene with propanal, the diastereoselectivity (syn/anti=92:8) with the prepared fluorous prolinol methyl ether was much higher than that (syn/anti=87–80:13–20) with nonfluorinated prolinol methyl ethers that have two n‐octyl groups or two phenyl groups in place of perfluorohexylethyl groups.
Damage‐associated molecular patterns stimulate interleukin‐33 expression in nasal polyp epithelial cells
Authors: Paris Gina , Pozharskaya Tatyana , Asempa Tomefa , Lane Andrew P. 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundChronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a disorder characterized by eosinophilic inflammation and local T‐helper 2 (Th2) cytokine production. Innate lymphoid cells that elaborate Th2 cytokines have recently been characterized within nasal polyps. These cells can be activated by the epithelial cell‐derived cytokine interleukin‐33 (IL‐33). The objective of this study is to determine whether 2 molecules associated with tissue damage (high mobility group box‐1 [HMGB‐1] and adenosine triphosphate [ATP]) elicit expression of IL‐33 in sinonasal epithelial cells (SNECs) derived from recalcitrant CRSwNP patients.MethodsEthmoid tissue was obtained from 8 recalcitrant CRSwNP and 9 control subjects during endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Tissue was prepared for immunohistochemistry and for SNEC air‐liquid interface culture. After exposure to either HMGB1 or ATP in vitro, SNECs were processed for messenger RNA (mRNA) extraction and immunocytochemistry. IL‐33 levels were determined by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and by immunochemical staining with anti‐IL‐33 antibody.ResultsIntranuclear IL‐33 is normally expressed in basal epithelial cells, but is present in more apical cells and outside the nucleus in CRSwNP. Exposure of SNECs to HMGB‐1 or ATP resulted in a statistically significant increase in IL‐33 mRNA expression in SNECs derived from recalcitrant CRSwNP patients. This increase was reflected at the protein level by immunochemical staining of IL‐33.ConclusionTissue damage is a nonspecific trigger of epithelial IL‐33 production in treatment‐recalcitrant polyps, which may be responsible for perpetuating eosinophilic inflammation in CRSwNP. This common pathway may help explain why multiple environmental and infectious agents have been implicated in CRSwNP exacerbation.
Modelling predicted sperm whale habitat in the central Mediterranean Sea: requirement for protection beyond the Pelagos Sanctuary boundaries
Authors: Aïssi Mehdi , Ouammi Ahmed , Fiori Cristina , Alessi Jessica 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Climate change and human activities impacts are considered to be the main causes of sperm whale habitat alteration.
Despite the creation of several marine protected areas in the Mediterranean Sea, the sperm whale status remains ‘endangered’. Its spatial distribution has been reported in different areas of the Mediterranean, among them the Pelagos Sanctuary.
Various biophysical parameters have been recognized to influence sperm whale distribution depending on the modelling scale. Hence, this study investigates and predicts sperm whale relative occurrence, taking into account the parameters that affect their habitats in the central Mediterranean Sea, inside and beyond the boundaries of the Pelagos Sanctuary.
An artificial neural network (ANN) model was used to predict the probability of sperm whale occurrence in the central Mediterranean Sea, for each cell of a 3 × 3 minute grid using a Visual Basic script to interface with GIS software. The algorithm was trained using species presence/absence data and a set of physiographic variables such as depth, slope, distance to shore and magnetic field.
Some geographic areas exhibit a consistently high probability of occurrence and may be identified as highly used areas for special management concern. Thus, this work represents a preliminary evaluation of management and conservation effort outside the Pelagos Sanctuary. The map of sperm whale predicted relative presence can be used to mitigate potentially harmful human activities and to support the design and management of marine protected areas, including the delineation of ecologically meaningful boundaries. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Copper‐Catalyzed CH Bond Direct Chalcogenation of Aromatic Compounds Leading to Diaryl Sulfides, Selenides, and Diselenides by Using Elemental Sulfur and Selenium as Chalcogen Sources Under Oxidative Conditions
Authors: Shibahara Fumitoshi , Kanai Takafumi , Yamaguchi Eiji , Kamei Akika , Yamauchi Takayuki , Murai Toshiaki 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe reactions of aromatic compounds and elemental chalcogens catalyzed by a copper salt with molecular oxygen as an oxidant were carried out. The reaction of 3‐substituted imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridines and elemental sulfur in the presence of CuTC (copper(I) thiophenecarboxylate) gave the corresponding bisimidazopyridyl sulfides in good to quantitative yields. The reaction proceeded even under aerobic oxidation conditions. The use of a polar solvent was crucial for the reaction, and DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) in particular stimulated the reaction. The reaction could be applied to common aromatic compounds, such as N‐methyl indole and dialkyl anilines. The reaction of indole proceeded at the nucleophilic C3 position rather than at the acidic C2 position. In addition, the reaction of dialkyl anilines proceeded with an ortho, para orientation. The reactions of imidazopyridines and elemental selenium under similar conditions gave the corresponding bisimidazopyridyl diselenides along with bisimidazopyridyl monoselenides. The resulting diselenides were readily converted to the corresponding monoselenides with unreacted imidazopyridines under the same conditions. The reaction could be applied to the copolymerization of bifunctional bisimidazopyridines and elemental sulfur to give oligomeric copolymers in quantitative yield.
Hydrophobic Variations of N‐Oxide Amphiphiles for Membrane Protein Manipulation: Importance of Non‐hydrocarbon Groups in the Hydrophobic Portion
Authors: Chae Pil Seok , Sadaf Aiman , Gellman Samuel H. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAmphipathic agents called detergents serve as membrane‐mimetic systems to maintain the native structures of membrane proteins during their manipulation. However, membrane proteins solubilized in conventional detergents tend to undergo denaturation and aggregation, necessitating the development of novel amphipathic agents with enhanced properties. Here we describe several new amphiphiles that contain an N‐oxide group as the hydrophilic portion. The new amphiphiles have been evaluated for the ability to solubilize and stabilize a fragile multi‐subunit assembly from biological membranes. We found that cholate‐based agents were promising in supporting retention of the native protein quaternary structure, while deoxycholate‐based amphiphiles were highly efficient in extracting/solubilizing the intact superassembly from the native membrane. Monitoring superassembly solubilization and stabilization as a function of variation in amphiphile structure led us to propose that a non‐hydrocarbon moiety such as an amide, ether, or a hydroxy group present in the lipophilic regions can manifest distinctive effects in the context of membrane protein manipulation.
A Relaxed Gradient Based Algorithm for Solving Extended Sylvester‐Conjugate Matrix Equations
Authors: Ramadan Mohamed A. , El‐Danaf Talaat S. , Bayoumi Ahmed M. E. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn this paper, a relaxed gradient based algorithm for solving extended Sylvester‐conjugate matrix equations by considering a relaxation parameter is proposed. The convergence analysis of the algorithm is investigated. Theoretical analysis shows that the new method converges under certain assumptions. A numerical example is given to illustrate effectiveness of the proposed method and to test its efficiency compared with an existing one.
Schubverformungen von Stabtragwerken in der praktischen Anwendung
Authors: Eierle Benno , Bös Burkhard 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSchubverformungen werden bei der Berechnung von schlanken Stabtragwerken in der Ingenieurpraxis häufig vernachlässigt, da sie lediglich einen geringen Anteil der Gesamtverformung ausmachen. Bei gedrungenen Stäben können die Verformungen aus Querkräften jedoch eine relevante Größenordnung erreichen. Dieser Aufsatz stellt die Grundlagen zur Berücksichtigung der Schubverformungen in der Balkentheorie dar und leitet daraus Bemessungshilfen für die Beurteilung und Berechnung der Schubverformungen bei statisch bestimmten Systemen ab.Shear deflections of beam structures in practical applicationIn the practical application of calculating slender beam structures the shear deflections are often neglected, since their portion of the total deformation is small. For deep girders however the shear deflections may reach a significant size. This paper explains the principles of shear deflections in the beam theory and gives design aids to assess and to calculate shear deflections for statically determinate systems.
Leichte Schalen aus hochfestem Beton als Parabolrinnen solarthermischer Kraftwerke
Authors: Müller Sören , Forman Patrick , Schnell Jürgen , Mark Peter 
Published: November 2013

AbstractParabolrinnen gehören zu solarthermischen Kraftwerken mit Solarstrahlenkonzentration. Die Kollektoren werden derzeit als räumliche Stahlfachwerke mit punktförmig gestützten Spiegeln ausgeführt. Zu diesem Konstruktionsprinzip sind Alternativen möglich. Im Rahmen des Schwerpunktprogramms 1542 “Leicht Bauen mit Beton”, gefördert durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), wird im Teilprojekt “Leichte verformungsoptimierte Schalentragwerke aus mikrobewehrtem UHPC am Beispiel von Parabolrinnen solarthermischer Kraftwerke” gezeigt, dass Beton wirtschaftliche Konstruktionsvarianten ermöglicht. Im Projekt entstand in Kooperation der Ruhr‐Universität Bochum und der Technischen Universität Kaiserslautern ein Großdemonstrator, der die Bauweise eines solchen Kollektorelements zunächst aus hochfestem Beton vor Augen führt. Die Besonderheit besteht dabei nicht nur in der Verwendung des Werkstoffs Beton, sondern auch in einer neuartigen Auflagerkonstruktion. Anhand von numerischen Untersuchungen werden die Verformungen unter maßgeblichen Einwirkungen für eine großformatige Parabolrinne analysiert. Eine Genauigkeitsanalyse zeigt die Wirksamkeit des Kollektors. Entwurf und Realisierung des Demonstrators sowie Ergebnisse zur rechnerischen Wirksamkeitsbeurteilung sind Inhalt dieses Beitrags.Lightweight shells made of high‐strength concrete for parabolic troughs in solar power plants – conceptual design and creation of a prototypeParabolic troughs are a kind of solar power plants that concentrate solar rays. Up to now, these collectors are usually made of spatial steel frame works which support mirrors point‐wise. However, alternative construction principles are feasible. In the framework of priority program 1542 “Concrete light” funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) subproject “Leichte verformungsoptimierte Schalentragwerke aus mikrobewehrtem UHPC am Beispiel von Parabolrinnen solarthermischer Kraftwerke” demonstrates that alternatives made from concrete can be competitive and even economically beneficial. A first prototype of a lightweight but high‐strength concrete trough has been built in cooperation of Ruhr‐Universität Bochum and Technische Universität Kaiserslautern. Its specific feature is not only the use of concrete instead of steel, but even the novel supporting structure. Based on numerical simulation deflections from significant action effects are analyzed on a true to scale trough structure. An accuracy analysis approved the trough's efficiency. This contribution focusses on the issues design and creation of a first prototype and discusses results on its assessment by numerical efficiency analyses.
Fundamental Beliefs, Origin Explanations and Perceived Effectiveness of Protection Measures: Exploring Laypersons' Chains of Reasoning About Influenza
Authors: Eicher Véronique , Clémence Alain , Bangerter Adrian , Mouton Audrey , Green Eva G. T. , Gilles Ingrid 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTLaypersons' chains of reasoning in explaining recent influenza outbreaks are investigated. Drawing on social representations theory, fundamental worldviews, that is, the belief in a dangerous world (BDW), are postulated to anchor explanations of disease origins, which in turn affect perceived effectiveness of protection measures. Our study, based on a longitudinal survey among the general public in Switzerland, showed that the lower people's BDW scores, the more they appeal to natural origins to explain outbreaks and the more they perceive official protection measures as effective. The higher people's BDW scores, the more they explain outbreaks via hygienic origins, which are linked with out‐group discrimination measures, and conspiracy origins, which are linked with lower perceived effectiveness of aid intervention measures. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of Cytotoxic Palmerolides
Authors: Lisboa Marilda P. , Dudley Gregory B. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe chemical synthesis of the palmerolides is the subject of this review. The palmerolides are a family of Antarctic marine natural products, many of which display potent and selective cytotoxicity against melanoma cells. The confluence of promising bioactivities, limited natural supplies, and complex structures makes the palmerolides exciting targets for chemical synthesis. To date, several approaches have been reported, and a consensus strategy based on convergent fragment assembly has emerged. Collective wisdom from myriad approaches reviewed here may enable hybrid strategies capable of delivering larger amounts of synthetic palmerolides to support continued biological studies. Considering the relative lack of options for melanoma chemotherapy and the intriguing activity profile of the palmerolides, efforts aimed at developing an efficient, gram‐scale synthesis of palmerolide A and congeneric structures should be given a high priority.
Structure‐Based Optimization of the Terminal Tripeptide in Glycopeptide Dendrimer Inhibitors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms Targeting LecA
Authors: Kadam Rameshwar U. , Bergmann Myriam , Garg Divita , Gabrieli Gabriele , Stocker Achim , Darbre Tamis , Reymond Jean‐Louis 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe galactopeptide dendrimer GalAG2 ((β‐Gal‐OC6H4CO‐Lys‐Pro‐Leu)4(Lys‐Phe‐Lys‐Ile)2Lys‐His‐Ile‐NH2) binds strongly to the Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) lectin LecA, and it inhibits PA biofilms, as well as disperses already established ones. By starting with the crystal structure of the terminal tripeptide moiety GalA‐KPL in complex with LecA, a computational mutagenesis study was carried out on the galactotripeptide to optimize the peptide–lectin interactions. 25 mutants were experimentally evaluated by a hemagglutination inhibition assay, 17 by isothermal titration calorimetry, and 3 by X‐ray crystallography. Two of these tripeptides, GalA‐KPY (dissociation constant (KD)=2.7 μM) and GalA‐KRL (KD=2.7 μM), are among the most potent monovalent LecA ligands reported to date. Dendrimers based on these tripeptide ligands showed improved PA biofilm inhibition and dispersal compared to those of GalAG2, particularly G2KPY ((β‐Gal‐OC6H4CO‐Lys‐Pro‐Tyr)4(Lys‐Phe‐Lys‐Ile)2Lys‐His‐Ile‐NH2). The possibility to retain and even improve the biofilm inhibition in several analogues of GalAG2 suggests that it should be possible to fine‐tune this dendrimer towards therapeutic use by adjusting the pharmacokinetic parameters in addition to the biofilm inhibition through amino acid substitutions.