bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Investigation of a Multi-Injector, Premix/Micromix Burner Burning Pure Methane to Pure Hydrogen
Authors: Durocher Antoine , Fan Luming , Füri Marc , Bourque Gilles , Sirois Julien , May David , Bergthorson Jeffrey M. , Yun Sean , Vena Patrizio 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Micromix combustion technology has been identified as a promising strategy to mitigate the risks associated with burning high-hydrogen-content fuels. This technology has recently been introduced in premixed injector designs to develop burners with broader fuel flexibility, allowing the combustion of fuels ranging from natural gas, or currently available hydrocarbons, to pure hydrogen by controlling the micromix fuel ratio (MFR). Modifying this additional operating parameter can lead to premixed, partially-premixed, and micromixed combustion, each having different stability mechanisms. The combustion characteristics of such flames in an industrial combustion environment with hundreds of injectors is unknown. A multi-injector configuration, consisting of five (5) injectors placed in a cross pattern, is used to investigate the combustion of pure methane to pure hydrogen, and different blends. Stability and combustion dynamic maps are first obtained at atmospheric temperature and pressure for fuel-lean mixtures of H2/CH4 ranging from 0/100, 70/30, 90/10, to 100/0%, by volume. For each fuel mixture, the equivalence ratio is adjusted to maintain the same adiabatic flame temperature throughout the experiments. An increase in blowoff limit is observed for the multi-injector array compared to a single nozzle, while flashback occurs more rapidly for dominantly-premixed conditions with high-hydrogen-content fuel. In addition to extending the flashback limit, micromixed flames are generally quieter for high-hydrogen-content fuels. Laser diagnostics are performed on selected operating conditions with hydrogen content of 0, 30, 50, 70, 90, and 100%. Eight cases are investigated in this work at a constant bulk inlet velocity to highlight the impact of hydrogen content and MFR on the flame shape. Two-dimensional (2D) PIV, OH and acetone planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF), as well as acoustic measurements, are performed simultaneously. The planar measurements show that the OH-PLIF signal becomes thinner and non-axisymmetric as MFR is increased from 0 to 100%, with the flames gradually transitioning from V-shaped to M-shaped, before stabilizing as jet flames in crossflow.
Modeling of Metal Matrix Concentrated Solar Receivers for sCO2 Power Blocks
Authors: Duggirala Vyas , Hegde Venkatanarasimha , Reddy Venkateswara , Kumar Pramod 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Supercritical CO2 power blocks for Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) with novel metal matrix solar receivers have the potential to reduce operating expenses while improving overall system efficiencies. These concentrated solar receivers integrated with a metal matrix-based phase change (PCM) thermal storage medium provide the compounding effect of an efficient heat exchanger while also integrating thermal storage within the receiver. Detailed numerical modeling of such devices with enthalpy-porosity-based formulation for phase change and turbulent convective heat transfer for the sCO2 microchannels is described in the current work. With sCO2 power blocks operating at temperatures and pressures beyond 800°C and 200 bar, different high-temperature PCMs are studied. A detailed steady charging followed by discharge and charging transients is simulated to analyze the thermal performance of these devices. In the current work, the energy storage density of PCMs is studied, followed by an analysis of the movement of the melt-pool interface over the streamwise length of a high corrugation wavy microchannel. A scaling analysis is carried out to estimate the heat transfer coefficients while compare them with the numerical model predictions. The results from the current work can be utilized for sizing and detailed design of integrated solar receivers for high-temperature sCO2 power block applications.
Impingement Flow and Heat Transfer With Fractal Grids
Authors: Tang Chen , Acharya Sumanta 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Jet impingement heat transfer is widely acknowledged as an effective approach for localized cooling applications. A new passive method to augment jet-impingement heat transfer based on inserting a fractal-grid (FG) at the jet-nozzle exit is explored in this paper. Both the flow behavior and heat transfer characteristics are investigated experimentally for two fractal grids (FG1 and FG2) placed immediately downstream of the jet-array and with different jet-to-target plate spacings (H/D). Results are compared with those using a standard grid with round-holes (RG) and same blockage ratio. The results indicate that the FG2 provides significant heat transfer enhancements for the smaller H/D values. An enhancement of 57% and 34% is obtained respectively for spanwise-averaged and spatially-averaged Nusselt number for FG2 case at H/D = 2 compared to the baseline no-grid case. The flow measurements indicate that the turbulence intensity and spectral characteristics downstream of the FG are different than those of the baseline and RG cases and are the primary drivers for the heat transfer enhancements. These differences generally reduce with increasing distances of the target surface from the jet-nozzle indicating that highest heat transfer enhancements are achieved for the lowest H/Ds. This is confirmed by the Nusselt number results.
Laser Powder Bed Fusion Manufactured Hydrostatic Journal Bearings for Turbomachinery: Design and Measurements of Static Load Testing With Air, Water, and Liquid Nitrogen
Authors: Baek Chaeyeon , Jung Hyunsung , Heo Junwon , Kim Kyuman , Ryu Keun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Modern turbomachinery demands simplified components and compact shaft support systems. This study introduces novel hydrostatic journal bearings incorporating multiple tilting pads and fluid feeding features, which are manufactured with Direct Metal Laser Melting (DMLM) technology, an advanced laser powder bed fusion manufacturing process. Two test bearings, fabricated by fusing extremely thin layers of Inconel 718 powder, incorporate fluid external feed pressurization features without the need for recesses. One test bearing features unique internal feeding hole configurations, which combine multiple holes with an angled injection feature, while the other test bearing includes distinctive porous layers on the bearing pad surfaces. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the design, fabrication process, and static load characteristic measurements of these innovative bearings. A simple static load test rig is used to measure the flow rate, temperature, and stiffnesses of the test bearings while supplying compressed air, water, and liquid nitrogen with increasing static loads. The performance of these bearings is compared with counterparts produced via conventional subtractive manufacturing (CNC machining). In general, the bearings lubricated with liquid nitrogen exhibit a higher load capacity compared to those lubricated with air. This study confirms the static load performance of metal 3D printed hydrostatic journal bearings, marking a significant advancement in the application of additive manufacturing for turbomachinery bearings. The findings offer valuable insights into the potential of additive manufacturing in producing bearings for extreme operating conditions and various lubricants.
A Comparison of Flat and Hierarchical Structures in Aircraft Engine Fault Classification Algorithms
Authors: Loboda Igor , Pérez-Ruiz Juan Luis , González Castillo Iván , Yepifanov Sergiy 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Gas turbine engine diagnostic algorithms using gas path measurements present an important component of an engine monitoring system. Pattern recognition and machine learning techniques are increasingly involved in gas turbine performance diagnostics. The necessary fault classifications are formed following the principles of either flat or hierarchical structures. With the flat classification composed of all elementary fault classes, a classifier makes its decision at once. In contrast, the hierarchical classification implies grouping elementary classes into “mega-classes”, and the classification process propagates successively through different levels down to the lowest level of the elementary classes. Most gas turbine diagnostic algorithms use the flat classification structure. However, recent studies indicate that the hierarchical classification principle has some advantages, although these studies and our preliminary calculations show that the difference between these two principles can be small.
Comparing two algorithms, flat classification-based and hierarchical classifications-based, the present study aims to ascertain which of the classifications is more accurate and why. This will allow us to provide a monitoring system designer with clear guidance on the fault classification process. Both algorithms include the same steps: a) feature extraction (computing measurement deviations), b) fault classification construction as a set of numerous deviation vectors (patterns) induced by different engine faults, c) learning of artificial neural networks on the fault classification data (learning set), and d) verification of the networks on similar data called a validation set. The comparison criteria are based on a confusion matrix that unites the probabilities of correct and wrong fault recognition. For an accurate analysis, the compared diagnostic algorithms differ from each other only by a classification structure. The other algorithms’ elements and input learning and validation sets are the same.
For generating the necessary measurement data, this study uses ProDiMES as a benchmarking platform designated for comparing diagnostic solutions. This platform provides a realistic simulation of a fleet of healthy and faulty aircraft engines using their nonlinear thermodynamic model.
The comparison results show that the algorithm with the hierarchical classification structure differs in the diagnosis of particular fault conditions, but in general, for all conditions it does not have advantages against the flat classification algorithm.
Quercetin Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Brain Tissue of APP/PS1 Double Transgenic AD Mice by Regulating Keap1/Nrf2/HO‐1 Pathway to Improve Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Cheng Meijia , Yuan Changbin , Ju Yetao , Liu Yongming , Shi Baorui , Yang Yali , Jin Sian , He Xiaoming , Zhang Li , Min Dongyu 
Published: August 2024

Objective: The objective of the study is to investigate whether quercetin ameliorates Alzheimer’s disease (AD)–like pathology in APP/PS1 double transgenic mice and its hypothesized mechanism, contributing to the comprehension of AD pathogenesis.Methods: A total of 30 APP/PS1 transgenic mice were randomized into model group (APP/PS1), quercetin group (APP/PS1+Q), and donepezil hydrochloride group (APP/PS1+DON). Simultaneously, there were 10 C57 mice of the same age served as a control group. Three months posttreatment, the effects of quercetin on AD mice were evaluated using the Morris water maze (MWM) test, Y maze experiment, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and western blotting.Results: Results from the water maze and Y maze indicated that quercetin significantly improved cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 transgenic AD mice. Additionally, serum enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results demonstrated that quercetin elevated MDA, superoxide dismutase (SOD), CAT, GSH, acetylcholine (ACh), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) levels in AD mice. Hematoxylin‐eosin (HE) staining, Nissl staining, and hippocampal tissue thioflavine staining revealed that quercetin reduced neuronal damage and Aβ protein accumulation in AD mice. Western blot validated protein expression in the Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1 (Keap1)/nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2)/HO‐1 pathway associated with oxidative stress and apoptosis, confirming quercetin’s potential molecular mechanism of enhancing AD mouse cognition. Furthermore, western blot findings indicate that quercetin significantly alters protein expression in the Keap1/Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway. Moreover, molecular docking analysis suggests that Keap1, NQO1, HO‐1, caspase‐3, Bcl‐2, and Bax proteins in the Keap1/Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway may be potential regulatory targets of quercetin. These findings will provide a molecular basis for quercetin’s clinical application in AD treatment.Conclusion: Quercetin can improve cognitive impairment and AD‐like pathology in APP/PS1 double transgenic mice, potentially related to quercetin’s activation of the Keap1/Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway and reduction of cell apoptosis.
Heracleum munzurense (Apiaceae), a new species from East Anatolia, Turkey and taxonomic position of Tetrataenium lasiopetalum
Authors: DURAN AHMET , LYSKOV DMITRY , SAMIGULLIN TAHIR , PAKSOY MEHMET YAVUZ 
Published: August 2024

A new species, Heracleum munzurense (Apiaceae), is described from East Anatolia, Turkey. It grows in damp places formation of the Munzur Mountains in the district of Pülümür (Tunceli Province). The taxonomic affinities of the new species were determined by analyzing morphological data and through a molecular phylogenetic study of nrITS/ETS. The new species is morphologically and genetically related to H. apiifolium and H. pastinaca, but differs mainly in stems, leaves, pedicels, rays and petals pubescence, petals size, fruit hairs, and size features. The anatomical structure of the fruit is given. The diagnostic morphological characters of the new species are discussed. In this study, the geographical distribution of the new species and the related taxa H. apiifolium, H. lasiopetalum, and H. pastinaca is mapped. In addition, the habitat, ecology, phenology, and conservation status of the new species are also provided. Tetrataenium lasiopetalum is also closely related to this group of species. Common morphological features and results of molecular phylogenetic study suggest to transfer this species back to the genus Heracleum.
Examining the Barriers to Licensed Private Cannabis Retailers in Canada: A Quantitative Content Analysis of Canadian News Media Coverage
Authors: Wright-Brown Tanisha , Blackwood Michael , Cooper Thomas , Schwartz Elizabeth , Newell William , Bishop Lisa , Najafizada Maisam , Donnan Jennifer 
Published: August 2024

Background Since the Government of Canada legalized non-medicinal cannabis use/consumption on October 17, 2018, licensed private cannabis retailers have faced numerous challenges. These challenges negatively impacted retail operations and potentially undermined public health and safety. We aimed to identify these challenges to inform policy decisions. Methods We conducted a quantitative news media content analysis using Nexis Uni and Eureka databases to identify articles from Canada's highest-circulating newspapers and CBC News website from 2017 to 2022, referencing at least one barrier to private cannabis retailers. We screened and extracted data using Covidence and deductively coded the data using our newly developed comprehensive cannabis retail framework and inductively as new themes emerged. The barriers identified in the media were quantified through descriptive analyses. Results The search yielded 9,371 articles, of which 307 relevant articles were included. The main findings revealed that the barriers most commonly reported by the media were related to government regulations, supply chain, and competitors. The salience of these barriers also changed over time. These barriers were most frequently mentioned in the Globe and Mail, Calgary Herald, Toronto Star, and the National Post. Conclusion Our framework was suitable for describing the data and identifying several media-portrayed barriers to private cannabis retail operations in Canada and how they differed in salience over time. However, a more in-depth understanding of the barriers from retailers’ perspectives may further support the government's policy agenda of achieving public health and safety. The results from this study may also serve as a baseline measure to evaluate Canada's cannabis retail market and provide new insights into the growing body of literature about the cannabis retail market.
Treatment Needs of Patients With Severe Alcohol Use Disorders
Authors: Narasimha Venkata Lakshmi , BA Arvind , Tadepalli Ramana , Kandasamy Arun , Murthy Pratima 
Published: August 2024

Background: People with alcohol use disorders (AUDs) have varied needs while they seek treatment. Understanding and focusing on the needs will improve treatment outcomes. The objective of the study is to qualitatively assess the treatment-related needs of patients with AUDs admitted to a tertiary care treatment center. Methods: A semi-structured questionnaire with anchor questions was developed based on a literature review and key informant interviews. All the interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and color-coded manually. Two reviewers reviewed the codes. Themes and subthemes were generated using thematic inductive analysis. Results: Among 15 patients interviewed, all the patients had severe AUD (100%), were married (100%), were primarily males (86.6%), and more than half below the poverty line (53.4%), with a mean age of 41.1 years (SD = 9.5). Four major themes of treatment needs were identified: (a) individual, (b) family-related, (c) hospital-related, and (d) community-related. Among individual needs-medication-related, psychological, and occupational were prominent. Addressing family conflict and supporting the family are the significant subthemes for family-related needs. The behavior of the treating team, environmental needs, and diverse services were significant hospital-related needs. Awareness, accessibility, availability, and affordability of treatment services were the major community-related needs. Conclusion: The study highlights diverse needs extending from individual to community among people with AUDs. A holistic treatment model to address these needs will improve the quality of care and treatment outcomes.
Need for an Artificial Intelligence-based Diabetes Care Management System in India and the United States
Authors: Mayya Veena , Kandala Rajesh N.V.P.S. , Gurupur Varadraj , King Christian , Vu Giang T. , Wan Thomas T.H. 
Published: August 2024

Objective Diabetes mellitus is an important chronic disease that is prevalent around the world. Different countries and diverse cultures use varying approaches to dealing with this chronic condition. Also, with the advancement of computation and automated decision-making, many tools and technologies are now available to patients suffering from this disease. In this work, the investigators attempt to analyze approaches taken towards managing this illness in India and the United States. Methods In this work, the investigators have used available literature and data to compare the use of artificial intelligence in diabetes management. Findings The article provides key insights to comparison of diabetes management in terms of the nature of the healthcare system, availability, electronic health records, cultural factors, data privacy, affordability, and other important variables. Interestingly, variables such as quality of electronic health records, and cultural factors are key impediments in implementing an efficiency-driven management system for dealing with this chronic disease. Conclusion The article adds to the body of knowledge associated with the management of this disease, establishing a critical need for using artificial intelligence in diabetes care management.
The Z-scores of cardiac indices among healthy children: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chinawa Josephat M. , Chinawa Awoere T. , Chukwu Bartholomew F. , Peter Igoche D. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
The application of z-scores in normalizing the cardiac size function and structural dimension will be of immense benefit to the clinician, especially in evaluating children with cardiac anomalies. However, heterogeneity in the obtained z- score results is high, thus a subgroup analysis by region (or continent) to assist healthcare practitioners is necessary.

Objectives
The review aimed to ascertain the overall mean z-scores for cardiac structures and function.

Methods
A thorough search of several databases, EMBASE, PubMed/MEDLINE, and Google Scholar was made. Articles published between January 1999 and December 2023 were recruited, of which the last search was done in December 2023. Keywords used in the search were “z-scores”, Children; echocardiography; cardiac structures; cardiac function; and body surface area (BSA)”. We restricted our search to children. Besides, additional relevant articles were manually searched. PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) was used to highlight selected studies using a pre-defined search protocol. The I2 statistics were used to ascertain statistical heterogeneity.

Results
Two hundred and forty citations were identified in our search strategy, of which a total of 34 studies were identified. Twenty-four were excluded from the thirty-four studies. A total of 11 studies met our inclusion criteria shown in the PRISMA. Apart from different z scores reading obtained from various countries and regions, some authors focused on few cardiac parameters while others were exhaustive. The mean z-scores of the cardiac structures from various countries/regions range as follows; The range of Z scores obtained by different studies and regions above are as follows; MV;-1.62-0.7 AV: -1.8 -0.5 TV: -2.71 -0.7; PV ; -1.52- (-0.99) MPA; -1-81 -0.8 LPA;-1.07-0.4; RPA;-0.92- 0.1 IVSD; -0.1.77–1.89 LVPWD; -0.12-1.5 LVPWS; -0.1-0.15 LVPWS; 0.03–0.18 LVIDD; -1.13- (-0.98) LVIDS; -0.84-10.3 respectively. The mean z-score from the pooled studies showed mitral valve diameter as -0.24 ± 0.9 and pulmonary valve annuls as -1.10 ± 0.3. The left ventricular end diastolic diameter is -0.93 ± 0.3 while the left ventricular end systolic diameter is -0.05 ± 0.5. The total pooled sample size of the eleven included studies was 9074 and the mean at 95% interval was 824.9 ± 537.344. The pooled mean is presented under the model of the Mean raw (MRAW) column. The heterogeneity discovered among the selected studies was statistically significant.

Conclusion
Due to heterogeneity involved in the reportage of the z-scores of cardiac structures and function, it may be necessary for every region to use their z-scores domiciled in their locale. However, having a pooled mean z-score of cardiac structures and function may be useful in the near future.