bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Importance of Resolving Mesoscale Latent Heating in the North Atlantic Storm Track
Authors: Willison Jeff , Robinson Walter A. , Lackmann Gary M. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Theoretical, observational, and modeling studies have established an important role for latent heating in midlatitude cyclone development. Models simulate some contribution from condensational heating to cyclogenesis, even with relatively coarse grid spacing (on the order of 100 km). Our goal is to more accurately assess the diabatic contribution to storm-track dynamics and cyclogenesis while bridging the gap between climate modeling and synoptic dynamics. This study uses Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) simulations with 120- and 20-km grid spacing to demonstrate the importance of resolving additional mesoscale features that are associated with intense precipitation and latent heat release within extratropical cyclones. Sensitivity to resolution is demonstrated first with a case study, followed by analyses of 10 simulated winters over the North Atlantic storm track. Potential vorticity diagnostics are employed to isolate the influences of latent heating on storm dynamics, and terms in the Lorenz energy cycle are analyzed to determine the resulting influences on the storm track. The authors find that the intensities of individual storms and their aggregate behavior in the storm track are strongly sensitive to horizontal resolution. An enhanced positive feedback between cyclone intensification and latent heat release is seen at higher resolution, resulting in a systematic increase in eddy intensity and a stronger storm track relative to the coarser simulations. These results have implications for general circulation models and their projections of climate change.
Nonredundant and locus-specific gene repression functions of PRC1 paralog family members in human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells
Authors: van den Boom Vincent , Rozenveld-Geugien Marjan , Bonardi Francesco , Malanga Donatella , van Gosliga Djoke , Heijink Anne Margriet , Viglietto Giuseppe , Morrone Giovanni , Fusetti Fabrizia , Vellenga Edo , Schuringa Jan Jacob 
Published: January 2013

Key Points
Knockdown of individual PRC1 members in human stem/progenitor cells revealed a lack of redundancy between various paralog family members. CBX2 was identified as an important regulator of p21/CDKN1A independent of BMI1/PCGF4.
Genome sequence reveals that Pseudomonas fluorescens F113 possesses a large and diverse array of systems for rhizosphere function and host interaction
Authors: Redondo-Nieto Miguel , Barret Matthieu , Morrissey John , Germaine Kieran , Martínez-Granero Francisco , Barahona Emma , Navazo Ana , Sánchez-Contreras María , Moynihan Jennifer A , Muriel Candela , Dowling David , O’Gara Fergal , Martín Marta , Rivilla Rafael 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundPseudomonas fluorescensF113 is a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR) isolated from the sugar-beet rhizosphere. This bacterium has been extensively studied as a model strain for genetic regulation of secondary metabolite production inP. fluorescens, as a candidate biocontrol agent against phytopathogens, and as a heterologous host for expression of genes with biotechnological application. The F113 genome sequence and annotation has been recently reported.ResultsComparative analysis of 50 genome sequences of strains belonging to theP. fluorescensgroup has revealed the existence of five distinct subgroups. F113 belongs to subgroup I, which is mostly composed of strains classified asP. brassicacearum. The core genome of these five strains is highly conserved and represents approximately 76% of the protein-coding genes in any given genome. Despite this strong conservation, F113 also contains a large number of unique protein-coding genes that encode traits potentially involved in the rhizocompetence of this strain. These features include protein coding genes required for denitrification, diterpenoids catabolism, motility and chemotaxis, protein secretion and production of antimicrobial compounds and insect toxins.ConclusionsThe genome ofP. fluorescensF113 is composed of numerous protein-coding genes, not usually found together in previously sequenced genomes, which are potentially decisive during the colonisation of the rhizosphere and/or interaction with other soil organisms. This includes genes encoding proteins involved in the production of a second flagellar apparatus, the use of abietic acid as a growth substrate, the complete denitrification pathway, the possible production of a macrolide antibiotic and the assembly of multiple protein secretion systems.
Rearing in enriched environment increases parvalbumin-positive small neurons in the amygdala and decreases anxiety-like behavior of male rats
Authors: Urakawa Susumu , Takamoto Kouich , Hori Etsuro , Sakai Natsuko , Ono Taketoshi , Nishijo Hisao 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background
Early life experiences including physical exercise, sensory stimulation, and social interaction can modulate development of the inhibitory neuronal network and modify various behaviors. In particular, alteration of parvalbumin-expressing neurons, a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neuronal subpopulation, has been suggested to be associated with psychiatric disorders. Here we investigated whether rearing in enriched environment could modify the expression of parvalbumin-positive neurons in the basolateral amygdala and anxiety-like behavior.

Results
Three-week-old male rats were divided into two groups: those reared in an enriched environment (EE rats) and those reared in standard cages (SE rats). After 5 weeks of rearing, the EE rats showed decreased anxiety-like behavior in an open field than the SE rats. Under another anxiogenic situation, in a beam walking test, the EE rats more quickly traversed an elevated narrow beam. Anxiety-like behavior in the open field was significantly and negatively correlated with walking time in the beam-walking test. Immunohistochemical tests revealed that the number of parvalbumin-positive neurons significantly increased in the basolateral amygdala of the EE rats than that of the SE rats, while the number of calbindin-D28k-positive neurons did not change. These parvalbumin-positive neurons had small, rounded soma and co-expressed the glutamate decarboxylase (GAD67). Furthermore, the number of parvalbumin-positive small cells in the basolateral amygdala tended to positively correlate with emergence in the center arena of the open field and negatively correlated with walking time in the beam walking test.

Conclusion
Rearing in the enriched environment augmented the number of parvalbumin-containing specific inhibitory neuron in the basolateral amygdala, but not that of calbindin-containing neuronal phenotype. Furthermore, the number of parvalbumin-positive small neurons in the basolateral amygdala was negatively correlated with walking time in the beam walking test and tended to be positively correlated with activity in the center arena in the open field test. The results suggest that rearing in the enriched environment augmented parvalbumin-positive specific neurons in the basolateral amygdala, which induced behavioral plasticity that was reflected by a decrease in anxiety-like behavior in anxiogenic situations.
Severe lower respiratory tract infection in infants and toddlers from a non-affluent population: viral etiology and co-detection as risk factors
Authors: da Silva Emerson Rodrigues , Pitrez Márcio Condessa Paulo , Arruda Eurico , Mattiello Rita , Sarria Edgar E , de Paula Flávia Escremim , Proença-Modena José Luis , Delcaro Luana Sella , Cintra Otávio , Jones Marcus H , Ribeiro José Dirceu , Stein Renato T 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background
Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) is a major cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality, especially among non-affluent communities. In this study we determine the impact of respiratory viruses and how viral co-detections/infections can affect clinical LRTI severity in children in a hospital setting.

Methods
Patients younger than 3 years of age admitted to a tertiary hospital in Brazil during the months of high prevalence of respiratory viruses had samples collected from nasopharyngeal aspiration. These samples were tested for 13 different respiratory viruses through real-time PCR (rt-PCR). Patients were followed during hospitalization, and clinical data and population characteristics were collected during that period and at discharge to evaluate severity markers, especially length of hospital stay and oxygen use. Univariate regression analyses identified potential risk factors and multivariate logistic regressions were used to determine the impact of specific viral detections as well as viral co-detections in relation to clinical outcomes.

Results
We analyzed 260 episodes of LRTI with a viral detection rate of 85% (n = 222). Co-detection was observed in 65% of all virus-positive episodes. The most prevalent virus was Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) (54%), followed by Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV) (32%) and Human Rhinovirus (HRV) (21%). In the multivariate models, infants with co-detection of HRV + RSV stayed 4.5 extra days (p = 0.004), when compared to infants without the co-detection. The same trends were observed for the outcome of days of supplemental oxygen use.

Conclusions
Although RSV remains as the main cause of LRTI in infants our study indicates an increase in the length of hospital stay and oxygen use in infants with HRV detected by RT-PCR compared to those without HRV. Moreover, one can speculate that when HRV is detected simultaneously with RSV there is an additive effect that may be reflected in more severe clinical outcome. Also, our study identified a significant number of children infected by recently identified viruses, such as hMPV and Human Bocavirus (HBov), and this is a novel finding for poor communities from developing countries.
Inhaled corticosteroid use is associated with increased circulating T regulatory cells in children with asthma
Authors: Singh Anne Marie , Dahlberg Paul , Burmeister Kristjan , Evans Michael D , Gangnon Ronald , Roberg Kathy A , Tisler Christopher , DaSilva Douglas , Pappas Tressa , Salazar Lisa , Lemanske Robert F , Gern James E , Seroogy Christine M 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundT regulatory (Treg) cells are important in balancing immune responses and dysregulation of Treg cells has been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple disease states including asthma. In this study, our primary aim was to determine Treg cell frequency in the peripheral blood of children with and without asthma. The secondary aim was to explore the association between Treg cell frequency with allergen sensitization, disease severity and medication use.MethodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy control subjects (N = 93) and asthmatic children of varying disease severity (N = 66) were characterized by multi-parameter flow cytometry.ResultsOur findings demonstrate that children with asthma had a significantly increased frequency of Treg cells compared to children without asthma. Using a multivariate model, increased Treg cell frequency in children with asthma was most directly associated with inhaled corticosteroid use, and not asthma severity, allergic sensitization, or atopic status of the asthma.ConclusionWe conclude that low dose, local airway administration of corticosteroids is sufficient to impact the frequency of Treg cells in the peripheral blood. These data highlight the importance of considering medication exposure when studying Treg cells and suggest inhaled corticosteroid use in asthmatics may improve disease control through increased Treg cell frequency.
Characterizing biobank organizations in the U.S.: results from a national survey
Authors: Henderson Gail E , Cadigan R Jean , Edwards Teresa P , Conlon Ian , Nelson Anders G , Evans James P , Davis Arlene M , Zimmer Catherine , Weiner Bryan J 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Background
Effective translational biomedical research hinges on the operation of 'biobanks,' repositories that assemble, store, and manage collections of human specimens and related data. Some are established intentionally to address particular research needs; many, however, have arisen opportunistically, in a variety of settings and with a variety of expectations regarding their functions and longevity. Despite their rising prominence, little is known about how biobanks are organized and function beyond simple classification systems (government, academia, industry).

Methods
In 2012, we conducted the first national survey of biobanks in the U.S., collecting information on their origins, specimen collections, organizational structures, and market contexts and sustainability. From a list of 636 biobanks assembled through a multi-faceted search strategy, representatives from 456 U.S. biobanks were successfully recruited for a 30-minute online survey (72% response rate). Both closed and open-ended responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results
While nearly two-thirds of biobanks were established within the last decade, 17% have been in existence for over 20 years. Fifty-three percent listed research on a particular disease as the most important reason for establishment; 29% listed research generally. Other reasons included response to a grant or gift, and intent to centralize, integrate, or harmonize existing research structures. Biobank collections are extraordinarily diverse in number and types of specimens and in sources (often multiple) from which they are obtained, including from individuals, clinics or hospitals, public health programs, and research studies. Forty-four percent of biobanks store pediatric specimens, and 36% include postmortem specimens. Most biobanks are affiliated in one or multiple ways with other entities: 88% are part of at least one or more larger organizations (67% of these are academic, 23% hospitals, 13% research institutes). The majority of biobanks seem to fill a particular 'niche' within a larger organization or research area; a minority are concerned about competition for services, although many are worried about underutilization of specimens and long-term funding.

Conclusions
Effective utilization of biobank collections and effective policies to govern their use will require understanding of the immense diversity found in organizational features, including the very different history and primary goals that many biobanks have.
Bat flight with bad wings: is flight metabolism affected by damaged wing membranes?
Authors: Voigt Christian C. 
Published: January 2013

Summary
Infection of North American bats with the keratin-digesting fungus Geomyces destructans often result in holes and ruptures of wing membranes, yet it is unknown if flight performance and metabolism of bats are altered by such injuries. I conducted flight experiments in a circular flight arena in Myotis albescens and M. nigricans where I observed individuals with intact or ruptured trailing edge of one of the plagiopatagial membranes. In both species, individuals with damaged wings were lighter, had a higher aspect ratio (squared wing span divided by wing area) and an increased wing loading (weight divided by wing area) than conspecifics with intact wings. Bats with an asymmetric reduction of the wing area flew at similar speeds but performed less flight manoeuvres than conspecifics with intact wings. Individuals with damaged wings showed lower metabolic rates during flight than conspecifics with intact wings, even when controlling for body mass differences; the difference in mass-specific metabolic rates may be attributable to the lower number of flight manoeuvres (U-turns) by bats with damaged wings compared to conspecifics with intact wings. Possibly, bats compensated an asymmetric reduction in wing area by lowering their body mass and avoiding flight manoeuvres. In conclusion, bats may not suffer directly from moderate wing damages by experiencing increased metabolic rates but indirectly by a reduced manoeuvrability and foraging success. This could impede a bat's ability to gain sufficient body mass before hibernation.
Synthesis of Silyl-substituted Anthracene Derivatives via Birch-type Silylation
Authors: Kanno Ken-ichiro , Maemura Yumika , Kobayashi Naotaka , Kyushin Soichiro 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The Birch-type silylation of anthracene gave hexasilylated hexahydroanthracene 1 as a single stereoisomer. Treatment of 1 with DDQ or TCNE furnished 1,3-disilylanthracene or 1,2,3,4-tetrasilyltetrahydroanthracene, respectively, in high yields.
Analytical Performance and Clinical Utility of a Bioassay for Thyroid-Stimulating Immunoglobulins
Authors: Leschik Johannes J. , Diana Tanja , Olivo Paul D. , König Jochem , Krahn Ulrike , Li Yunsheng , Kanitz Michael , Kahaly George J. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The analytical performance and the clinical utility of a thyrotropin receptor (TSHR)–stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI) bioassay were compared with those of a TSHR-binding inhibitory immunoglobulin (TBII) assay. Limits of detection (LoD) and quantitation (LoQ), assay cutoff, and the half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) were measured. Dilution analysis was performed in sera of hyperthyroid patients with Graves disease (GD) during antithyroid treatment (ATD). Titer was defined as the first dilution step at which measurement of TSI or TBII fell below the assay cutoff. The LoD, LoQ, cutoff, and EC50 of the bioassay were 251-, 298-, 814-, and 827-fold lower than for the TBII assay. There were 22%, 42%, 23%, and 14% more positive samples in the TSI bioassay at dilutions of 1:3, 1:9, 1:27, and 1:81 (P &lt; .0001), respectively. Responders to ATD demonstrated marked differences in titers compared with nonresponders. The bioassay detected lower levels of TSHR autoantibodies, and the dilution analysis provided similar predictive values of both assays in GD.
Subject auxiliary inversion and linguistic generalization: Evidence for functional/cognitive motivation in language
Authors: Chen Rong 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis paper provides a unified account of English subject-auxiliary inversion (SAI). It argues that SAIs, as have been called in the literature, belong to two semantically distinctive constructions. The first is the Auxiliary Subject Construction (ASC), one that merely reverses the subject and auxiliary order, without the fronting of another unit. It functions to mark non-indicative moods. The second SAI construction is the X Auxiliary Subject Construction (XASC), in which the auxiliary-subject (AS) order is accompanied by the fronting of a unit from its original, post-subject position in the canonical, SV order sentence. The XASC serves a different purpose from the ASC, i.e., to focus the fronted unit. As such, it shares both structural and functional affinity with full-verb inversion (Chen 2003), which is referred to hereafter as the X Verb Subject Construction (XVSC) for sake of consistency. The second purpose of this study is to address the issue of invertability of the subject auxiliary/verb order. Drawing on Deane (1992), I propose an Invertability Hypothesis, which applies to both the XASC and the XVSC. On this hypothesis, invertability depends on the strength of the linkage between the fronted unit and the auxiliary/verb that exists in the canonical sentence. The stronger the link, the more likely the order of the subject and the auxiliary/verb will be inversed once the unit is fronted. With this analysis – one that is decidedly different from previous accounts (e.g. Goldberg 2006) – I intend to demonstrate that the functional/cognitive approach to language is indeed capable of handling a complex construction such as inversion, the generalization of which generative linguists believe can only be stated formally (Newmeyer 1998; Borsley and Newmeyer 2009; Lidz and Williams 2009).
Variational principles for immersed surfaces with L2
-bounded second fundamental form
Authors: Rivière Tristan 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

In this work we present new tools for studying the variations of the Willmore functional
of immersed surfaces into ℝ
m
. This approach gives for instance a new proof of the existence of a Willmore minimizing embedding of an arbitrary closed surface in arbitrary codimension. We explain how the same approach can solve constraint minimization problems for the Willmore functional. We show in particular that, for a given closed surface and a given conformal class for this surface, there is an immersion in ℝ
m
, away possibly from isolated branched points, which minimizes the Willmore energy among all possible Lipschitz immersions in ℝ
m
having an L2
-bounded second fundamental form and realizing this conformal class. This branched immersion is either a smooth conformal Willmore branched immersion or an isothermic branched immersion. We show that branched points do not exist whenever the minimal energy in the conformal class is less than 8π and that these immersions extend to smooth conformal Willmore embeddings or global isothermic embeddings of the surface in that case. Finally, as a by-product of our analysis, we establish that inside a compact subspace of the moduli space the following holds: the weak limit of Palais Smale Willmore sequences are conformal Willmore, the weak limits of Palais Smale sequences
of conformal Willmore are either conformal Willmore or global isothermic and finally
we observe also that weakly converging Palais Smale sequences of global isothermic immersions are global isothermic. The analysis developed along the paper – in particular these last results – opens the door to the possibility of constructing new critical saddle points of the Willmore functional without or with constraints using min-max methods.