bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation into the prevalence of a novel dendritic‐like cell subset in vivo
Authors: Griffiths Kristin Lisa , Tan Jonathan Kah Huat , O'Neill Helen Christine 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA novel dendritic‐like cell subset termed L‐DC was recently identified in murine spleen based on marker expression of a homogeneous cell population derived from long‐term culture of neonatal spleen. The function of L‐DC is distinct from other splenic dendritic and myeloid cell subsets because of their high endocytic capacity and their ability to cross‐present antigen to CD8+ T cells. This paper shows the subset to be unique to spleen and blood, with a similar, but possibly functionally distinct subset also present in bone marrow. The prevalence of the subset is low; ~6% of all dendritic and myeloid cells in the spleen and ~5% in blood. However, they are a distinct cell type on the basis of marker expression, and endocytic and T‐cell stimulatory capacity. Attempts to identify an enriched population of these cells in mutant mouse strains with reported increases in myelopoiesis showed either a lack of L‐DC or an altered phenotype reflective of the phenotype of the mouse strain.
Notes on the genus Swartzia (Leguminosae) in Ecuador, with descriptions of two new species
Authors: Torke Benjamin , Perez Alvaro 
Published: November 2013

Herbarium- and field-based research indicates that the neotropical genus Swartzia is represented in Ecuador by at least 17 species. A key is provided to aid their identification. In addition, two species, previously undocumented in the literature, are described and illustrated. Both appear to be endemic to Ecuador. Swartzia decidua is known from a confined area of the pre-montane humid forest zone on the western slopes of the Andes Mountains in Pichincha Province, where it is threatened by habitat destruction. It belongs to S. sect. Paucistaminae and is notable in the context of the genus for its very large petal and deciduous phenology. Swartzia yasuniensis occurs in Amazonian rainforest in the drainage of the Napo River in Orellana Province and is a new member of S. sect. Pittierianae. In an intensively studied 25-hectare plot in Yasuni National Park, it averaged 4 individuals (≥1 cm dbh) per hectare. Investigación basada en trabajo de campo y de herbario indica que el género neotropical Swartzia está representado en Ecuador por lo menos por 17 especies. Se presenta una clave para ayudar con su identificación. Además, dos especies previamente indocumentadas en la literatura, son descritas e ilustradas. Ambas parecen ser endémicas para Ecuador. Swartzia decidua es conocida de un área confinada de la zona del bosque húmedo premontano en la vertiente occidental de la Cordillera de los Andes en la provincia de Pichincha, donde se ve amenazada por la destrucción del hábitat. Pertenece a S. sec. Paucistaminae y es notable en el contexto del género por su pétalo de gran tamaño y por ser árboles caducifolios. Swartzia yasuniensis ocurre en selva amazónica en la cuenca del río Napo en la provincia de Orellana y es un nuevo miembro de S. sec. Pittierianae. En una parcela de 25 hectáreas intensamente estudiada en el Parque Nacional Yasuní, se promedió 4 individuos (≥ 1 cm dap) por hectárea.
Selecting Eucalyptus Clones Using Ultrasound Test on Standing Trees
Authors: Gonçalves Raquel , Batista Fernando Augusto Franco , Lorensani Rafael Gustavo Mansini 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The production of eucalyptus for the cellulose and paper industry is based on the cultivation of clones, which are obtained by crossing species with desirable characteristics. However, clones that were considered to have great potential have presented serious problems because of permanent bending and breakage, which are caused mainly by wind forces during the early years of growth. Wave propagation methods have shown great potential in applications related to predicting the stiffness of logs and lumber. Based on the premise that the stiffness of the stem is a major contributor to a tree's resistance to the wind, the objective of the present study was to determine whether an ultrasound wave propagation test performed directly on trees would have the sensitivity within a sample group to differentiate between clones and whether this differentiation would be consistent with the differences in stiffness between them. The stem was used to evaluate the stiffness of clones rather than logs, pieces of a structural size, or specimens. A cantilever static scheme and the application of a load near the top of the stem were intended to simulate field conditions. A total of 189 trees were tested from 21 different clones. To differentiate the clones, the ultrasound wave propagation velocity was obtained directly from the trees. The velocity differences among the trees were consistent with the results obtained using the stem stiffness of the same trees.
Flexural-torsional buckling of FRP thin-walled composite with various sections
Authors: Pekbey Yeliz , Ghanbari Esmaeil 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The flexural-torsional buckling of thin-walled pultruded fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) members composed of unstiffened, stiffened cruciform- and I-shaped sections under uniform compressive loads was investigated using finite element methods (FEM). As the basic method, an eigenvalue solution using the minimum potential energy method was utilized to obtain the critical buckling stress and buckling mode shapes. FEM results were compared with the closed-form solutions and literature results. Furthermore, a parametric study was carried out to investigate the different cross-section geometries and span lengths on the critical buckling stresses and buckling mode shapes, that is, flexural, torsional, or mixed buckling.
The effect of an extensive use of meadow on moderately decomposed peat-muck soil on carbon balance / Wpływ ekstensywnego użytkowania łąki na średnio zmurszałej glebie torfowo-murszowej na bilans węgla
Authors: Turbiak Janusz 
Published: November 2013

Abstract The study was aimed at estimating carbon balance in extensively used meadow ecosystem on moderately decomposed peat-muck soil. The balance was calculated from the measurements of CO2 emission determined with the closed static chamber method using diffusion recorders. During the vegetation period, 88.5 Mg·ha-1 CO2 were emitted from the meadow ecosystem while plants took up 65.9 Mg·ha-1 CO2. Carbon losses associated with yield harvesting expressed in the CO2 equivalent were 4.7 Mg·ha-1. Total carbon losses during the vegetation period expressed as CO2 amounted to 27.2 Mg·ha-1 on average for the whole study period. It means a loss of 7.4 Mg·ha-1 C or 13.2 Mg·ha-1 of organic matter of a carbon content of 56%. It was found that an extensive use of peat-muck soils increased carbon losses compared with moderately intensive use. Carbon losses in extensively used meadow ecosystems may be minimised by delaying the term of the first hay cut and by limiting the number of harvests.
Impact of space weather events on satellite‐based navigation
Authors: Roy B. , Paul A. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDetrimental effects of the equatorial ionospheric irregularities on satellite‐based communication and navigation systems have been studied over the past few decades as space weather events have the potential to seriously disturb the technological infrastructure of modern society. The present paper tries to understand operational compliance of Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers to International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) standards under scintillation conditions by recording the received phase of the L1(1575.42 MHz) signal from two stations, namely Calcutta situated near the northern crest of the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly and Siliguri, situated beyond the northern crest, at a subionospheric latitude separation of 4° along the same meridian. A causative approach is adopted whereby GPS phase scintillations have been monitored and receiver performance prior to loss of lock and cycle slips have been analyzed during August–October 2011 at Calcutta and September 2011 at Siliguri. The received phase at GPS‐L1 frequency has often been found to fluctuate at kilohertz, often megahertz rates, thereby causing carrier‐tracking loop malfunctions. It should be borne in mind that normal GPS receivers' carrier‐tracking loops have a typical dynamic range of 14–18 Hz. Cycle slips have been observed with durations far exceeding ICAO specified levels for high dynamic platforms like aircrafts. Differences in cycle slips between Calcutta and Siliguri indicate possible evolution of irregularity structures even across small subionospheric swath. Significant improvement in present understanding of GPS phase scintillations should be developed and implemented in receiver designs prior to application of Satellite Based Augmentation System services for civil aviation, particularly in the geophysically sensitive equatorial region.
Pathogenesis of antibody‐induced acquired von willebrand syndrome
Authors: Gan Tong Eng , Sawers Ronald J. , Koutts Jerry 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA patient with clinical and laboratory evidence of von Willebrand syndrome is described in association with an IgG‐kappa immunoglobulin and Bence‐Jones proteinuria due to a probable lymphoproliferative disorder. He had a persistently prolonged bleeding time of greater than 20 minutes, factor VIII related antigen (VIII: R. Ag), factor VIII procoagulant activity (VIII:C) and factor VIII ristocetin co‐factor (VIIIR: Rcof) below 10%. Following cryoprecipitate or high purity factor VIII concentrate infusion, he had the expected immediate rise in VIII:C, VIII: R. Ag, and VIIIR: Rcof, but there was a rapid decline in all three components within two hours. The larger forms of VIII: R. Ag were preferentially removed from the plasma, and this paralleled the fall in plasma VIIIR: Rcof level. However, no inhibitory activity could be demonstrated in vitro using the patient's plasma or IgG. Using protein A it was possible to demonstrate that his plasma or IgG bound factor VIII and that this complex retained its biological activity in vitro. It is postulated that the monoclonal IgG forms complexes with factor VIII in vivo and these are rapidly removed by the reticuloendothelial system (RES).
Determination of ampicillin sodium using the cupric oxide nanoparticles–luminol–H2O2 chemiluminescence reaction
Authors: Iranifam Mortaza , Kharameh Merhnaz Khabbaz 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTA simple and sensitive chemiluminescence (CL) method has been developed for the determination of ampicillin sodium at submicromolar levels. The method is based on the inhibitory effect of ampicillin sodium on the cupric oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs)–luminol–H2O2 CL reaction. Experimental parameters affecting CL inhibition including concentrations of CuO NPs, luminol, H2O2 and NaOH were optimized. Under optimum conditions, the calibration plot was linear in the analyte concentration range 4.0 × 10‐7–4.0 × 10‐6 mol/L. The limit of detection was 2.6 × 10‐7 mol/L and the relative standard deviation (RSD) for six replicate determinations of 1 × 10‐6 mol/L ampicillin sodium was 4.71%. Also, X–ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis were employed to characterize the CuO NPs. The utility of the proposed method was demonstrated by determining ampicillin sodium in pharmaceutical preparation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computational fluid model incorporating liver metabolic activities in perfusion bioreactor
Authors: Hsu Myat Noe , Tan Guo‐Dong Sean , Tania Marshella , Birgersson Erik , Leo Hwa Liang 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe importance of in vitro hepatotoxicity testing during early stages of drug development in the pharmaceutical industry demands effective bioreactor models with optimized conditions. While perfusion bioreactors have been proven to enhance mass transfer and liver specific functions over a long period of culture, the flow‐induced shear stress has less desirable effects on the hepatocytes liver‐specific functions. In this paper, a two‐dimensional human liver hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell culture flow model, under a specified flow rate of 0.03 mL/min, was investigated. Besides computing the distribution of shear stresses acting on the surface of the cell culture, our numerical model also investigated the cell culture metabolic functions such as the oxygen consumption, glucose consumption, glutamine consumption, and ammonia production to provide a fuller analysis of the interaction among the various metabolites within the cell culture. The computed albumin production of our 2D flow model was verified by the experimental HepG2 culture results obtained over 3 days of culture. The results showed good agreement between our experimental data and numerical predictions with corresponding cumulative albumin production of 2.9 × 10−5 and 3.0 × 10−5 mol/m3, respectively. The results are of importance in making rational design choices for development of future bioreactors with more complex geometries. Biotechnol. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 885–895. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The nature of the second dimension in 2D NMR
Authors: Traficante Daniel D. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA two‐dimensional (2D) NMR spectrum is produced from the double Fourier Transform (FT) of two time domains, t1 and t2. One of these domains, t2, is identical to the acquisition time used to collect a Free Induction Decay (FID) in one‐dimensional (1D) NMR spectroscopy. After performing the FTs of a series of these FIDs, an array of resonance lines is obtained whose amplitudes and phases are a function of t1. The t1 domain is then composed of another series of “FIDs” that are related to those collected during t2. In this article, it is shown that in a heteronuclear‐J, δ gated‐decoupling experiment, the “FIDs” in the t1 domain produce, after the FT, proton‐coupled spectra whose sum is identical to that obtained from a 1D carbon FID collected with no proton decoupling.
Optimization of an RFID location identification scheme based on the neural network
Authors: Kung Hsu‐Yang , Chaisit Sumalee , Phuong Nguyen Thi Mai 
Published: November 2013

SummaryAn indoor localization technology is increasingly critical as location‐aware applications evolve. Researchers have proposed several indoor localization technologies. Because most of the proposed indoor localization technologies simply involve using the received signal strength indicator value of radio‐frequency identification (RFID) for indoor localization, radio‐frequency interference, and environmental factors often limit the accuracy of localization results. Therefore, this study proposes an accurate RFID localization based on the neural network (ARL‐N2), a passive RFID indoor localization scheme for identifying tag positions in a room, combining a location identification based on dynamic active RFID calibration algorithm with a backpropagation neural network (BPN). The proposed scheme composed of two phases: in the training phase, an appropriate BPN architecture is constructed using the training data derived from the coordinates of reference tags and the coordinates obtained using the localization algorithm. By contrast, the online phase involves calculating the tracking tag coordinates and using these values as BPN inputs, thereby enhancing the estimated location. A performance evaluation of the ARL‐N2 schemes confirms its high localization accuracy. The proposed method can be used to locate critical objects in difficult‐to‐find areas by creating minimal errors and applying and economical technique. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative Climate Change Governance: Lessons from European Transnational Municipal Network Management Efforts
Authors: Giest Sarah , Howlett Michael 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTCities and municipalities are vital actors in addressing climate change. Because they are directly affected by the consequences of environmental transformations, cities are motivated to shape adaptation and mitigation. This paper looks at the possible mechanisms which cities can use to engage in climate change issues without decoupling themselves from the national or sub‐national level and while remaining consistent with other local initiatives. The paper analyses the European approach towards transnational municipal networks (TMNs) and community collective efforts and assesses its possible application in other jurisdictions. We argue that while TMNs are the institutional foundation for a concerted effort in climate change within and between countries; they are also subject to provisions from national and regional governments, which might hamper their benefits. Based on a typology of TMNs and an analysis of the national contexts, the paper finds that those networks that target a specific region and are supported by government have the most benefits for climate change. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
A Spectrophotometric Study of Trivalent Actinide Complexes in Solution.: I. Uranium
Authors: Shiloh M. , Marcus Y. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSpectra of uranium (III) were obtained in sulfuric acid and lithium chloride and bromide solutions. Intense hands at 18380 and 18280 cm−1 for concentrated chloride and bromide solutions, respectively, are attributed to 5f‐6d transitions due to the UX2+ species. The stability constant of this complex, or contact‐ion‐pair, has been calculated, β1 = (1.3 ± 0.3)10−3 M−1 for chloride and (1.1 ± 0.2)10−4 M−1 for bromide. These values for the stability constants are much lower than those obtained by other methods for the solvent‐shared‐ion‐pair.
The Determination of Sulfur in Cellulosic Fabrics
Authors: Wasserman T. , Basch A. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAn improved wet combustion procedure for the determination of sulphur in cellulosic fabrics was developed. The method, which consists of replacing the nitric acid normally used, by hydrochloric acid, yields improved recovery of the sulfur and good precision in the classical gravimetric determination of barium sulfate. Phosphorus and aluminium when present in these fabrics do not interfere.
Kinetics of Fluorescence Quenching by Electron and H‐Atom Transfer
Authors: Rehm Dieter , Weller Albert 
Published: November 2013

AbstractFluorescence quenching rate constants, kq, ranging from 106 to 2 × 1010 M−1 sec−1, of more than 60 typical electron donor‐acceptor systems have been measured in de‐oxygenated acetonitrile and are shown to be correlated with the free enthalpy change, ΔG23, involved in the actual electron transfer processmagnified imagein the encounter complex and varying between + 5 and −60 kcal/mole. The correlation which is based on the mechanism of adiabatic outer‐sphere electron transfer requires ΔG≠23, the activation free enthalpy of this process to be a monotonous function of ΔG23 and allows the calculation of rate constants of electron transfer quenching from spectroscopic and electrochemical data.A detailed study of some systems where the calculated quenching constants differ from the experimental ones by several orders of magnitude revealed that the quenching mechanism operative in these cases was hydrogen‐atom rather than electron transfer.The conditions under which these different mechanisms apply and their consequences are discussed.
Accumulating advantages, reducing limitations: Multimodal nonlinear imaging in biomedical sciences – The synergy of multiple contrast mechanisms
Authors: Meyer Tobias , Schmitt Michael , Dietzek Benjamin , Popp Jürgen 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMultimodal nonlinear microscopy has matured during the past decades to one of the key imaging modalities in life science and biomedicine due to its unique capabilities of label‐free visualization of tissue structure and chemical composition, high depth penetration, intrinsic 3D sectioning, diffraction limited resolution and low phototoxicity. This review briefly summarizes first recent advances in the field regarding the methodology, e.g., contrast mechanisms and signal characteristics used for contrast generation as well as novel image processing approaches. The second part deals with technologic developments emphasizing improvements in penetration depth, imaging speed, spatial resolution and nonlinear labeling strategies. The third part focuses on recent applications in life science fundamental research and biomedical diagnostics as well as future clinical applications. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The deduced evolution history of Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus
Authors: Karan Liudmila S. , Ciccozzi Massimo , Yakimenko Valerii V. , Presti Alessandra Lo , Cella Eleonora , Zehender Gianguglielmo , Rezza Giovanni , Platonov Alexander E. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractOmsk hemorrhagic fever (OHF) is a severe disease that emerged in the 1940s in Siberia, Russia. It is caused by the OHF virus (OHFV), belonging to the Flavivirus genus. In wildlife, the principal vector of OHFV is the Dermacentor reticulatus tick. However, humans are mainly infected after contact with an infected muskrat Ondatra zibethicus. The evolutionary history of OHFV is not yet clarified. In an attempt to reconstruct the temporal and spatial phylodynamics of OHFV, a collection of 25 OHFV strains was studied. Maximum likelihood analysis, the Bayesian MCMC approach, and procedures based on continuous‐time Markov Chain process, were used for the investigation of OHFV E gene nucleotide sequences. Six statistically supported clusters of OHFV were identified; five of them joined in a main clade A. The first revealed evolutionary event, when OHFV clade A and clade B divided, dated to about 700 years ago. Clusters C, D, and E, within clade A, separated 230 years ago and further evolved during last century. The phylogeographic analysis showed that clade A originated in the Omsk Province, whereas clusters B, C, and E appeared to originate in Kurgan, Novosibirsk, and Omsk Provinces, respectively. In conclusion, OHFV, as a member of the mammalian tick‐borne group of flaviviruses, evolved in Western Siberia during the last millennium. When a highly susceptible species, O.zibethicus, was introduced into the region, in the 1930s, OHFV used this species as an amplifying host that lead to numerous fatal epizootics in muskrats and to human OHF outbreaks. J. Med. Virol. 86:1181–1187, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Compensation of signal loss due to cardiac motion in point‐resolved spectroscopy of the heart
Authors: Weiss Kilian , Summermatter Severin , Stoeck Christian T. , Kozerke Sebastian 
Published: November 2013

PurposeTo study the influence of cardiac motion on point‐resolved single voxel spectroscopy (PRESS) of the human heart and to propose an improved sequence design to compensate for cardiac motion–related signal losses.MethodsNumerical simulations and in vivo measurements were performed to study motion effects in cardiac spectroscopy. Based on the findings, an improved PRESS sequence with reduced free induction decay spoiling areas was implemented. Myocardial triglyceride (TG) content as estimated with the improved PRESS sequence was compared with the default PRESS sequence commonly used for spectroscopy in nonmoving tissues that was provided by the manufacturer.ResultsNumerical simulations and in vivo data show the importance of optimal trigger delays to avoid signal losses in cardiac spectroscopy. The improved PRESS sequence was found to yield a significantly reduced sensitivity to cardiac motion and trigger delay setting and provided a 1.7‐fold increase in signal‐to‐noise ratio on average compared with the default PRESS sequence. Intrasubject variation of myocardial TG content was reduced with the improved sequence compared with the default PRESS sequence (coefficient of variation: 0.11 ± 0.03 versus 0.23 ± 0.06).ConclusionImprovement of the sequence design is essential to reduce the sensitivity of PRESS to cardiac motion. Magn Reson Med 72:1201–1207, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.