bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of the Correlation Between Image Parameters and Chemical Properties of Red Sweet Bell Pepper During Fermentation
Authors: Ropelewska Ewa , Szwejda-Grzybowska Justyna , Wrzodak Anna , Mieszczakowska-Frąc Monika 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The objective of this study was to analyse the image textures and chemical characteristics of red sweet bell pepper samples during the lacto-fermentation process to determine the correlation between these parameters. The raw material of red bell pepper was subjected to spontaneous lacto-fermentation. The imaging by a digital camera and analyses of ascorbic acid, total soluble solids (TSS), acidity, pH, sugars, and carotenoids were performed for raw material and samples after 7, 14, 28, and 56 days of fermentation. The statistically significant decrease in TSS, pH, and the content of L-ascorbic acid, glucose, fructose, total sugars, β-carotene, and total carotenoids of lacto-fermented samples was observed. The strongest relationships with a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.999 were observed for L-ascorbic acid content with image texture bS5SH5DifEntrp and acidity with image texture ZS5SV1InvDfMom of raw and lacto-fermented pepper samples. In the case of carotenoids, the strongest relationship (R=0.999) was observed between image texture XS5SV3DifEntrp and lycopene content. Furthermore, the strong relationships between image textures and the sugar content were obtained reaching R=-0.998 for glucose content and image texture LS4RNLngREmph and R=0.998 for total sugars and BS5SZ5DifEntrp. The results were also used to set the regression equations to estimate chemical properties based on parameters extracted from images.
Effect of Caffeine and Chlorogenic Acid as Food Additives on the Properties of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate for Prospective Reducing The Amount of Food Emulsifiers Used
Authors: Kwaśniewska Dobrawa , Kiewlicz Justyna 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Over recent years, there has been an increase in the consumption of processed food, and its spread has made it the subject of numerous studies aimed at determining its impact on human health. The latest literature reports indicate the need to limit the use of food additives, including the most frequently used emulsifiers. The study attempted to determine the effect of caffeine and chlorogenic acid on the properties of sodium dodecyl sulfate in order to potentially reduce the amount of emulsifiers in food. In this work, research was carried out to determine the surface, antioxidant and thermal stability properties of SDS-caffeine/chlorogenic acid systems. Spectroscopic analyzes were also performed. The thermal stability of O/W emulsions with addition of caffeine or chlorogenic acid were the higher than the ones with no additives. These values were respectively, 75.56% and 71,11%. The effect of both additives on the CMC values of binary model systems was also observed, which were 4.53 mmol/dm3 for SDS-caffeine system and 4.59 mmol/dm3 for SDS-chlorogenic acid system. Moreover, for SDS-chlorogenic acid system at SDS concentration of 4·10−1 mmol/dm3 the higher increase in FRAP value (7.12 mmol Fe2+/g) compared to pure chlorogenic acid was observed. The obtained results allow us to conclude that the addition of caffeine or chlorogenic acid to food emulsion systems, due to positive effect on their stability, may enable an attempt to modify the recipes to reduce the concentration of the emulsifiers used.
The Influence of Active Compounds of Wood Chips Made from Various Wood Species on the Antioxidant, Physicochemical and Sensory Properties of Apple Brandies
Authors: Liubko Maryna , Duda Aleksandra , Tarko Tomasz 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The value of quality spirits is derived from their unique sensory profile, which is frequently achieved via the maturation of the distillate with wood. Traditionally these are barrels, but there is a growing interest in the use of wood chips, which offer new economic, environmental and sensory opportunities. The aim of this study was to ascertain the impact of wood chips (cherry, chestnut, oak, juniper) on the physicochemical attributes and sensory profile of apple distillate. Antioxidant activity (AOX), total polyphenol content (spectrophotometric method), acidity and ester content (titration method) and colour (CIELab) were determined. A sensory analysis was also conducted. The results demonstrated that the distillate was most influenced by chestnut wood, both in terms of its physicochemical characteristics (AOX 53 mg/100 mL, esters 0.83 g/L) and sensory qualities (4.5 points). The distillates aged with cherry and oak wood chips exhibited poorer outcomes (AOX 14 and 12 mg/100 mL, respectively), whereas the least impact on the physicochemical parameters was observed in the case of juniper wood chips (AOX 7.5 mg/100 mL). The maturation of apple distillates in wood chips presence led to enhanced sensory evaluation outcomes, with the most notable improvement observed in the case of chestnut wood chips.
Evaluation of two free-living, and one entomopathogenic nematode species (Rhabditida) for controlling Bactrocera zonata (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Iraq
Authors: Alghanimi Saif Abdulhussein , Talebi Ali Asghar , Ghavamabad Reihaneh Gholami , Pedram Majid 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are among the most serious agricultural pests globally, causing significant economic losses in fruit production and posing major quarantine concerns for many countries. Bactrocera zonata, one of the most harmful species in the family Tephritidae, has recently established in Iraq. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) and potential EPNs can be used as vital tools in integrated pest management (IPM) programs for both organic and conventional production systems. In our study, three species – two native and free-living, and the other, a native EPN – were isolated from various orchards in Iraq. Their pathogenicity was evaluated in laboratory and greenhouse experiments against the soil-dwelling third-instar larvae of B. zonata. In laboratory bioassays, mortality rates varied from 70–98% for Oscheius myriophilus, 12–58% for Acrobeloides saeedi, and 14–56% for Heterorhabditis bacteriophora 12 days post-treatment. The mean lethal concentration (LC50) values, measured by infective juveniles (IJs)/larva, were 7.08 for O. myriophilus, 104.49 for A. saeedi, and 97.74 for H. bacteriophora in data set 1. They were 13.50, 86.04, and 86.67 IJs/larva, respectively, in data set 2. These values were determined for third-instar larvae in laboratory tests conducted 12 days post-treatment at 25°C and 60% relative humidity (RH). Under greenhouse conditions, applications of O. myriophilus, H. bacteriophora, and A. saeedi resulted in 50.00–91.75% mortality in fruit tests at a concentration of 250 IJs/larva, and 33.58–67.82% mortality in soil tests against B. zonata, at a concentration of 1,000 IJs/larva 19 days after treatment. Our results suggest that two presently studied free-living native nematodes are potential EPNs, and together with native isolate of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, could be integrated into pest management programs against B. zonata in Iraqi orchards.
Influence of the Track Model in the Simulation of the Vertical Vibration Behaviour of the Railway Vehicle Carbody
Authors: Izabela Apostol Ioana , Mădălina Dumitriu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The paper analyses the influence of the track model in the simulation of the vertical vibration behaviour of the railway vehicle carbody. The study is developed based on two models of the vehicle-roadway system, respectively a “rigid track” model and an “elastic track” model. The “rigid track” model is a 7-degree-of-freedom model, which includes a rigid-flexible coupled vehicle model and a rigid track model. The “elastic track” model is a 15-degree-of-freedom model that includes the same rigid-flexible coupled model of the vehicle and an equivalent lumped-parameter model for the track. The evaluation of the vibration behaviour of the vehicle carbody is carried out for both models of the vehicle - track system, using the results obtained through numerical simulations regarding the frequency response functions, the power spectral density and the root mean square of the acceleration at three points relevant to the vibration of the carbody - one point positioned at the middle of the carbody and two points located above the bogies. The conclusions synthesized based on these results highlight, in general, the influence of the track model on the vibration behaviour of the carbody and, in particular, the influence of the track model on the dominant vibration modes and the vibration level of the carbody.
Fexibility of Bridges Built Using the Cantilever Method
Authors: Machelski Czesław , Pisarek Bartosz 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The cantilever concreting technology is one of modern methods of constructing the concrete long-span bridges. The fundamental features of this method are saving of materials and of construction costs (especially of scaffolding and of formwork) and first of all a possibility of carrying out the construction of the span in many spots at the same time. The negative feature of these bridges is a large long-term deflection of the bridge, as a result of rheological processes in the concrete and in the pre-tensioning steel. Deflection measurements at the mid-span indicate a visible lowering of the grade line of the bridge span, already after few years of service. The calculated flexibility can be useful in analyses of long-term (rheological) changes in concrete bridge structures. It is a complement to the term bridge stiffness used in the case of momentary (short-term) loads, including dynamic actions.
Studies on the Influence of the Type of Aggregates and the Type of Bitumen on the Performance of Airport Asphalt Mixtures
Authors: Claudia Petcu , Carmen Răcănel 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Among the component materials of a flexible or mixed road structure, the asphalt mixture is considered to be the most important material to be accurately characterized. Most of the literature references on aggregates in asphalt mixtures have paid attention to the grading curve, shape, strength and roughness, all of which are important for the performance of asphalt mixtures. The modification of bitumen with polymers gives certain qualities to the asphalt mixtures containing it, namely: high temperature elastic properties, thermal cracking resistance, fatigue resistance, and long-term durability. The aim of this paper is to present the influence of the aggregate type and bitumen type on the physico-mechanical characteristics of asphalt mixtures.The laboratory studies were carried out in the Road Laboratory on the asphalt mixture BAA 16 (AC16) used in the wearing course of airports. Tests were carried out, such as the Marshall set and flow index, water absorption, stiffness modulus, fatigue resistance, resistance to permanent deformation, fuel resistance.The quality of the materials used in an asphalt mixtures plays an important role in the subsequent in-service behavior of the asphalt mixture.
Evaluation of orthodontic archwire and microbial adhesion during orthodontic therapy
Authors: Saini Saumya , Kumar Tarun , Kumar Santosh , Tomer Geetika , Tripathi Diksha , Khanna Manisha 
Published: February 2025

Objectives
The study was done to assess the changes in surface roughness and composition after usage of Nickel-titanium (NiTi) and Stainless steel (SS) archwire and to compare the microbial adhesion relevant to surface roughness.

Material and Methods
The samples of orthodontic archwire were divided into 3 major groups – Group A consisted of NiTi wire (0.014”), which was further divided into 2 groups – Control (A1) and Case–control group. Group B consisted of SS round wire (0.016”), which was divided into 2 groups – control (B1) and case–control (B2), and Group C consisted of SS rectangular (0.016 × 0.022”), which was divided into 2 groups – control (C1) and case–control group (C2). Samples were studied through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and microbial culture at intervals of 0 and 1 month. SEM was done at ×500 and ×1000 magnification.

Result
The surface roughness of NiTi and SS archwire increases with usage. NiTi archwire composition alters with usage and a significant decrease in Nickel content. SS archwire composition also changes with the usage and a significant decrease in iron (Fe) and chromium (Cr) content. The anterior and posterior segments of the NiTi and SS, on comparison, show similar changes in surface and composition.

Conclusion
The microbial culture of the NiTi and SS shows no significant growth of Streptococcus mutants, Lactobacilli, and Candida albicans. Staphylococcus aureus culture was found in 3 cases of NiTi archwire but did not correlate with the surface roughness or the composition of the archwire.
Assessing orthodontic treatment need in virtual consultations: A comparative analysis of photographic evaluations and clinical grading
Authors: Low Yuxuan , Song Yi Lin , Yow Mimi , Wong Hung Chew , Tan Elaine Li Yen 
Published: February 2025

Objectives
The increased use of virtual orthodontic consultations through photographic assessments prompts a need for rigorous evaluation to determine the accuracy and reliability compared to actual orthodontic treatment requirements. This study aimed to establish the consistency of orthodontic treatment need assessments from photographs, comparing evaluations between dental professionals and laypeople and the index of orthodontic treatment need dental health component (IOTN DHC) grading of study models within the same patient cohort.

Material and Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted using intraoral photographs and digital study models selected from 50 orthodontic patients from a national dental center’s records archive, representing specific occlusal traits. Twenty-four assessors were categorized into orthodontists, general dentists, non-orthodontic specialists, orthodontic residents, and laypeople. Intergroup evaluations of treatment needs based on photographs were compared with the IOTN DHC grade of digital study models, employing Kappa statistics and percentage agreement for analysis.

Results
Agreement between photographic assessments and IOTN DHC grades varied from fair to substantial. Orthodontists, orthodontic residents, and general dentists exhibited higher agreement (k = 0.339–0.655) for photographic assessments in comparison to non-orthodontic specialists and laypeople (k = 0.075–0.468) against the IOTN DHC grade. Across all groups, agreement was substantial for photographs depicting crowding (k = 0.493–0.602) and low for spacing (k = −0.039–0.237). Spacing was perceived to require higher treatment intervention than indicated by IOTN DHC across all groups. Orthodontists and general dentists perceived reverse overjet, posterior crossbite, and lateral open bite photographs to necessitate higher treatment intervention compared to laypeople.

Conclusion
Photographic assessments of orthodontic treatment needs showed varying agreement with IOTN DHC grades, with dental professionals demonstrating higher consistency. Agreement was highest for crowding but lower for spacing, reverse overjet, posterior crossbite, and lateral open bite. These findings emphasize the need for improved patient-clinician communication and technological advancements to enhance virtual orthodontic assessments.
Bonded maxillary expander in growing patients with or without unilateral cleft lip and palate: How does it influence transversal and vertical dentoskeletal changes?
Authors: Nucci Ludovica , Piccirillo Marica , d’Apuzzo Fabrizia , Simeon Vittorio , Grassia Vincenzo , Adel Samar M. 
Published: February 2025

Objectives
Growing patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) usually show maxillary retrusion with constricted upper arch. Thus, orthodontic treatment with maxillary expansion is often needed. This study aimed to evaluate transversal and vertical changes in patients with or without UCLP after maxillary expansion.

Material and Methods
This observational retrospective study included patients aged between 7 and 14 years, with UCLP (test group) or without cleft lip and palate (controls), constricted upper arch and normodivergent growth pattern treated with a bonded maxillary expander. Patients with craniofacial syndromes, previous orthodontic treatment, or incomplete records were excluded. The digital dental casts and lateral radiographs of the head before (T0) and after treatment (T1) were collected and digitized by scanning with the 3ShapeTRIOS®. Statistical analysis was performed with STATA software. The Chi-square test was used for sex data in the two groups, and evaluation of the differences between the two groups was performed with the independent samples. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
The study sample included 51 patients (10.0 ± 2.5 years), 21 patients with UCLP, and 30 patients as the control group. Before treatment, all the transversal values measured on the maxillary arch at the occlusal and gingival level, as well as the length of the arch, presented statistically significant differences between the two groups with P < 0.05. The comparison at T1 did not show significant differences between the two groups for the transversal values, except for the value measured between the second premolars at the gingival level (P < 0.05). The cephalometric values measured in the analysis in the two groups did not show a statistically significant difference, except for the I-SN who showed significant differences both at T0 and T1 due to the presence of previous scars in UCLP patients.

Conclusion
The UCLP group showed an improvement in all transverse diameters after treatment with the bonded maxillary expander without affecting the mandibular divergence and incisor inclination.
Synergizing yoga science and society for well-being through innovative yoga practices on International Day of Yoga 2024
Authors: Javed Danish , Surywanshi Chanchal , Malhotra Varun , Raghuvanshi Babita 
Published: February 2025

Objectives
Yoga, a holistic practice with its roots in ancient India, has gained global acclaim for its comprehensive benefits to physical, mental, and spiritual health. The International Day of Yoga, celebrated annually on June 21, highlights yoga’s universal appeal and its role in fostering harmony and well-being across diverse communities. This paper explores the innovative yoga practices initiated by AIIMS Bhopal on the 10th International Yoga Day 2024, focusing on the synergy between scientific insights and societal well-being.

Material and Methods
AIIMS Bhopal, under the leadership of the Executive Director, implemented specialized yoga protocols tailored to address the specific health needs of various groups, including healthcare professionals, ITBP personnel, differently abled children, the elderly, and the general public. These protocols were validated by yoga Indo-Tibetian Border police experts and executed through a series of events, workshops, and daily sessions throughout June 2024. The events were promoted via a comprehensive media campaign to maximize outreach and engagement.

Results
The initiatives demonstrated significant improvement in participants’ physical and mental health, including enhanced flexibility, strength, stress reduction, and overall well-being. Specialized sessions for differently-abled children, ITBP personnel, and the elderly highlighted yoga’s adaptability and its benefits across demographics.

Conclusion
AIIMS Bhopal’s innovative approach on International Day of Yoga 2024 showcased the transformative potential of yoga when integrated with modern healthcare practices. Future initiatives should continue to tailor yoga programs for specific populations, promote community outreach, and incorporate yoga into medical education to enhance health and wellness on a broader scale.
Thiazide diuretics use & risk of falls & syncope among hypertensives: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yogesh M. , Karangia Mohil , Nagda Jay , Kankhara Freya , Parmar Parth Anilbhai , Shah Nandan 
Published: February 2025

Background & Objectives
Although thiazide diuretics are frequently used to treat hypertension, they may also raise the risk of syncope and falls. The purpose of this study was to look at the relationship between hypertension individuals’ use of thiazide diuretics and falls or syncope.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study, conducted between March 2019 and March 2024, included 236 individuals with hypertension taking thiazides and 236 controls not taking thiazides. Data from electronic medical records were extracted, including demographic, clinical, laboratory, and outcome data. The main outcome was the occurrence of syncope episodes or falls. Logistic regression analyses examined associations between various factors and falls/syncope risk.

Results
The study included 236 study participants taking thiazides (118 men, 118 women) and 236 controls not taking thiazides (118 men, 118 women). Study participants taking thiazides had a higher prevalence of hyponatremia (57 study participants, 24.1% vs. 31 study participants, 13.1%), hypokalaemia (52 study participants, 22% vs. 32 study participants, 13.6%), hypercalcemia (37 study participants, 15.7% vs. 17 study participants, 7.2%), metabolic alkalosis (89 study participants, 37.7% vs. 52 study participants, 22%), acute kidney injury (59 study participants, 25% vs. 30 study participants, 12.7%), and chronic kidney disease (89 study participants, 37.7% vs. 59 study participants, 25%) compared to controls (all P<0.05). The prevalence of falls/syncope events was significantly higher in the thiazide group (76 study participants, 32.2%) compared to the non-thiazide group (46 study participants, 19.5%), with a P value of 0.002. Multivariate analysis showed increased falls/syncope risk with age [adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=1.38], congestive heart failure (AOR=2.12), longer thiazide duration (AOR=1.21), hyponatremia (AOR=1.68), hypokalaemia (AOR=1.72), metabolic alkalosis (AOR=1.68), acute kidney injury (AOR=1.85), and decreased eGFR (AOR=1.22 per 10 ml/min/1.73m2 decrease).

Interpretation & Conclusion
Thiazide diuretic use in hypertensive patients is related to syncope, potentially mediated by electrolyte disturbances and renal impairment. These results highlight the importance of careful monitoring and individualized treatment approaches when prescribing thiazide diuretics to hypertensive patients.