bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creating efficiencies in the acute care pathway: the rapid assessment, treatment and discharge approach
Authors: Bowers Alexis , Aldouri Elham 
Published: November 2014

PurposeDespite contemporary mental health services shifting to a community‐based model of care, acute inpatient care is still necessary for many patients experiencing an acute psychological crisis. As inpatient services cost the National Health Service nearly £600 million a year, initiatives to reduce time spent in hospital, whilst maintaining safety and quality, are being actively promoted on a national level. Mental health patients in Hertfordshire spend on average two weeks in hospital during their acute crisis. The aim of this study is to reduce bed occupancy rates by implementing a novel approach to inpatient management.Design/methodology/approachA pragmatic controlled clinical trial design was used to address the aim of this study.FindingsThe results demonstrate that, compared to a functionalized inpatient ward (one with a designated inpatient consultant psychiatrist conducting a weekly ward round), it is possible to reduce bed occupancy rates without increasing demand on other wards. Furthermore, 28‐day readmission rates and total admissions over seven days were reduced.Research limitations/implicationsLimitations relating to the study design and potential generalisability to similar services are discussed. Further studies to triangulate the data are suggested.Practical implicationsThis novel approach to inpatient management provides exciting data that suggest patients can be moved along the acute pathway more efficiently. Recommendations for further studies are made in light of the findings.Originality/valueThis paper will appeal to acute care clinicians, service managers, and commissioners of mental health services. It provides an evidence base for making efficiencies within the acute service whilst maintaining quality of care for patients.
Learning for renewal; learning in a trade union practice
Authors: Köpsén Susanne 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze learning in a Swedish trade union board in a workplace, according to contemporary challenges in working life and conditions, of decentralization and local independency of trade union work and learning.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on ethnographic studies of two Swedish local trade union boards. The aim is to investigate the everyday activities of the board and the learning processes that were generated. This paper focuses on the study of an experienced trade union board. Theory stressing the situated character of learning is used to understand the changes in participation and the trade union practice. The trade union board's practice is interpreted as solving problems with reference to pragmatism.FindingsThe paper finds that the experienced board is competent and manages to independently solve unfamiliar but traditional problems, processes of learning are generated, but it fails to develop the competence and update the practice required for the complex and challenging problems of today on its own.Practical implicationsThe local trade union board does not manage to develop the competence giving it the power to independently handle the trade union issues significant for the future of the trade union members and the workplace on its own.Originality/valueThis context of learning has not been studied before. It is a type of workplace learning, but part of a social movement.
Investigation of the processing effects of UV, heat and laser ablation on SU‐8 microturbines
Authors: Heaton Mark E. , Rogante Massimo , Len Adél , Denieffe David 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to determine the nano‐sized characteristics of SU‐8 polymer micro‐electromechanical systems airflow metrology turbines samples. These microturbines were made to be the first using axial airflow for low air pressure response. This polymer may be affected during curing by UV and heat baking, as well as confined heat from laser ablation. Defects in the resin matrix may influence the material quality and hence the final turbine performance.Design/methodology/approachSmall angle neutron scattering investigations were performed using the instrumentation of the Budapest Research Reactor.FindingsThe average sizes of the voids/cracks in the resin matrix of the turbines were determined and allowed the viability of making smaller even thinner rotor blades for higher spin and electrical output capability to be considered.Originality/valueThe obtained results have advanced the industrial applicability of the adopted technique in the considered sector of polymer analysis.
Effect of network variables on the artificial neural network models for yield strength of austenitic stainless steel
Authors: Das K. , Poddar D.R. , Banerjee M.K. 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to model the relationship between the yield strength of austenitic stainless steel and its chemical composition through the employment of artificial neural network (ANN). The effect of annealing temperature is also taken into consideration.Design/methodology/approachThe influence of network parameters, total number of neurons, number of neurons in a hidden layer, number of hidden layers and the interlayer distribution of neurons with a constant total neuron number, on the achievable training error is studied. Different learning rules available in MATLAB are used to assess the learning efficiencies of various networks.FindingsIt is found that increasing neuron number leads to a lowering of achievable training error up to a certain value beyond which training error remains constant. Increasing number of layers at constant total number of neurons causes a rise in the achievable training error. It is noted that if there is a sudden restriction of data flow in an ANN architecture, the achievable training error becomes higher. Interlayer distribution of neurons in ANNs used with different algorithms is found to have significant influence on the predictive performance of the networks.Originality/valueFrom the study on metallurgical validation of the output of various ANNs, it appears that mere attainment of a lower training error is not sufficient to achieve better generalization. A convergent network topology is found to be better than a divergent one in respect of effectively describing the input‐output relationship in austenitic stainless steel.
Do male and female forensic patients with learning disabilities differ on subscales of the Novaco Anger Scale and Provocation Inventory (NAS‐PI)?
Authors: Chilvers Jane , Thomas Cathy 
Published: November 2014

PurposeHigh levels of anger have been associated with forensic learning disabled populations. The role of gender within the experience of anger is not clear. This study aims to start exploring the question “Do female forensic patients with learning disabilities have different needs in relation to anger?”Design/methodology/approachThis study used a between‐subjects design with one independent variable: gender. The Novaco Anger Scale and Provocation Inventory was applied. Scores obtained by 12 females were compared with those of 23 males within a forensic psychiatric service for learning disabled patients.FindingsSignificant differences were found between scores, suggesting female forensic patients with learning disabilities experience higher levels of anger than do males, particularly in the arousal domain, and demonstrate difficulties in regulating anger.Research limitations/implicationsThe use of a single measure of anger and the small, forensic nature of the sample limits this study. It is recommended that further research address these issues and extend the exploration of this issue to non‐forensic populations.Practical implicationsGender specific differences, and the potential influence of learning disabilities should be considered when assessing and treating anger difficulties. Female forensic patients with learning disabilities may benefit from a greater emphasis on anger arousal reduction work.Social implicationsThis study highlights how the impact of gender and learning disabilities on the experience of anger is currently insufficiently understood.Originality/valueThis study forms a preliminary study of anger in the under‐researched population of females with learning disabilities.
Social psychiatry and social policy for the twenty‐first century – new concepts for new needs: relational health
Authors: Johnson Robin , Haigh Rex 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThis final article in the series of three identifies and illustrates the links between the “enabling environment” approach and contemporary social policy themes such as relational health, public health, social inclusion; and the “Big Society”.Design/methodology/approachThe paper begins with an example of the standards‐based approach in practice. It then indicates other areas where this approach is currently being explored. Finally it summarises recent contemporary policy frameworks for which the EE approach, it is suggested, supplies both a shared vocabulary and a practical, evidence‐able agenda.FindingsThere is growing recognition of the need for a “sea change” away from a simple clinical interventions framework for community mental health and addressing health inequalities. There are clear linkages in this new approach with past and emerging policy frameworks in public health and corporate social responsibility, including the need for more “bottom up” solutions with local ownership.Originality/valueThis series of three papers is the first introduction to psychologically informed environments and the enabling environment approach to be made available to the general and specialist public.
Group singing fosters mental health and wellbeing: findings from the East Kent “singing for health” network project
Authors: Clift Stephen , Morrison Ian 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThis paper aims to describe the development and evaluation of an innovative community singing initiative with mental health services users and supporters in East Kent, UK.Design/methodology/approachA network of seven singing groups was established between September 2009 and June 2010. The choirs met weekly in three terms with breaks for Christmas and Easter, and joined together for two public performances in February and June 2010. In total, 137 participants were involved in the evaluation processes over this period. Of these, 42 provided complete data on the CORE questionnaire, a widely used clinical measure of mental distress, at baseline and eight months later.FindingsClinically significant improvements were observed in response to the CORE. These changes, together with qualitative feedback from participants, demonstrate that group singing can have substantial benefits in aiding the recovery of people with a history of serious and enduring mental health problems. A limited body of research has also shown that singing can be helpful for people with existing mental and physical health problems.Originality/valueThe research finds marked improvements in mental wellbeing on a clinically validated measure for people with a range of enduring mental health issues participating in a network of small choirs. Qualitative evidence indicates that group singing can offer a wide range of emotional and social benefits for mental health service users.
Exercise training protects against atherosclerotic risk factors through vascular NADPH oxidase, extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 and stress‐activated protein kinase/c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase downregulation in obese rats
Authors: Touati Sabeur , Montezano Augusto CI , Meziri Fayçal , Riva Catherine , Touyz Rhian M , Laurant Pascal 
Published: November 2014

SummaryExercise training reverses atherosclerotic risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome and obesity. The aim of the present study was to determine the molecular anti‐inflammatory, anti‐oxidative and anti‐atherogenic effects in aorta from rats with high‐fat diet‐induced obesity. Male Sprague‐Dawley rats were placed on a high‐fat (HFD) or control (CD) diet for 12 weeks. The HFD rats were then divided into four groups: (i) sedentary HFD‐fed rats (HFD‐S); (ii) exercise trained (motor treadmill 5 days/week, 60 min/day, 12 weeks) HFD‐fed rats (HFD‐Ex); (iii) modified diet (HFD to CD) sedentary rats (HF/CD‐S); and (iv) an exercise‐trained modified diet group (HF/CD‐Ex). Tissue levels of NADPH oxidase (activity and expression), NADPH oxidase (Nox) 1, Nox2, Nox4, p47phox, superoxide dismutase (SOD)‐1, angiotensin AT1 and AT2 receptors, phosphorylated mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK; extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, stress‐activated protein kinase (SAPK)/c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK)) and vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1) were determined in the aorta. Plasma cytokines (tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and interleukin (IL)‐6) levels were also measured. Obesity was accompanied by increases in NADPH oxidase activity, p47phox translocation, Nox4 and VCAM‐1 protein expression, MAPK (ERK1/2, SAPK/JNK) phosphorylation and plasma TNF‐α and IL‐6 levels. Exercise training and switching from the HFD to CD reversed almost all these molecular changes. In addition, training increased aortic SOD‐1 protein expression and decreased ERK1/2 phosphorylation. These findings suggest that protective effects of exercise training on atherosclerotic risk factors induced by obesity are associated with downregulation of NADPH oxidase, ERK1/2 and SAPK/JNK activity and increased SOD‐1 expression.
The Pepsin Digestibility of Thermal Gel Products Made from White Croaker (Pennahia argentata) Muscle in Associating with Myosin Polymerization Levels
Authors: Ueki Nobuhiko , Wan Jianrong , Watabe Shugo 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThermal gels were made from white croaker (Pennahia argentata) surimi at various polymerization levels of myosin heavy chains induced by suwari treatment at 38 °C for various time periods and subsequently heated at 85 °C for 20 min. Myosin heavy chain polymerization levels were also achieved in the presence of microbial transglutaminase (MTG) added at various concentrations in the surimi. The breaking strength and breaking strain rate were markedly increased during suwari treatment up to 60 min in accordance with the increased levels of myosin heavy chain polymerization. MTG enhanced myosin heavy chain polymerization during suwari treatment for 15 and 30 min, resulting in the increase of breaking strength. The solubilization in 8 M urea and pepsin digestibility of these gels as well as angiotensin I‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of their pepsin digests were decreased with the increased levels of myosin heavy chain polymerization. These results suggest that myosin heavy chain polymerization affects not only rheological properties of thermal gels but also their functional properties for human health.
Testis structure, spermatogenesis and sperm morphology in pipefishes of the genus Syngnathus
Authors: Biagi Francesca , Piras Francesca , Farina Vittorio , Zedda Marco , Mura Emilio , Floris Antonello , Franzoi Piero , Fausto Anna Maria , Taddei Anna Rita , Carcupino Marcella 
Published: November 2014

AbstractTestes, spermatogenesis and sperm morphology have been analysed in four species of the Syngnathus genus. All species show testes of unrestricted lobular type, characterized by a single germinal compartment, with central lumen, and an external tunica albuginea. The spermatogenesis occurs throughout a process of semicystic type, in which germinal spermatocysts open precociously, so germ cells complete maturation in the testis lumen. Amongst them, aflagellate and flagellate multinucleate cells are recognizable. This type of spermatogenesis may be therefore related to the reduced number of simultaneously mature sperm produced by syngnathids. Only one type of mature sperm has been identified in all examined species. It is always a monoflagellate cell, characterized by an elongated head. Elongated head has generally been correlated with the internal fertilization and/or to the production of spermatophore. As this is not the case of syngnathids, a possible function to explain the particularly elongated head of syngnathids is discussed.
Long‐term incidence of vitrectomy and associated risk factors in young Danish patients with Type 1 diabetes: the Danish Cohort of Paediatric Diabetes 1987
Authors: Broe R. , Rasmussen M. L. , Frydkjaer‐Olsen U. , Olsen B. S. , Mortensen H. B. , Peto T. , Grauslund J. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAimsTo examine the long‐term incidence of vitrectomy in young people with Type 1 diabetes.MethodsWe prospectively studied 324 people with Type 1 diabetes who participated in baseline examinations in 1995. Surgical history was obtained from the Danish National Patient Registry in April 2012.ResultsDuring the 17‐year study period, 39 people (12.0%) underwent vitrectomy at least once. The mean age and diabetes duration at first vitrectomy were 29.8 and 22.9 years, respectively, and 64.1% of the participants were men. In multivariable Cox regression analysis, baseline age (hazard ratio 0.81 per 1 year increase), BMI (hazard ratio 1.21 per 1 kg/m2 increase), HbA1c (hazard ratio 1.72 per 1% increase) and diabetic retinopathy (hazard ratio 2.85 and 6.07 for mild and moderate/severe diabetic retinopathy vs none, respectively) were independent predictors of vitrectomy (P < 0.05 for all variables).ConclusionsVitrectomy is a relatively common procedure in young people with Type 1 diabetes, with poor glycaemic control being the strongest modifiable risk factor.
Interactions between temperature and nutrients across levels of ecological organization
Authors: Cross Wyatt F. , Hood James M. , Benstead Jonathan P. , Huryn Alexander D. , Nelson Daniel 
Published: November 2014

AbstractTemperature and nutrient availability play key roles in controlling the pathways and rates at which energy and materials move through ecosystems. These factors have also changed dramatically on Earth over the past century as human activities have intensified. Although significant effort has been devoted to understanding the role of temperature and nutrients in isolation, less is known about how these two factors interact to influence ecological processes. Recent advances in ecological stoichiometry and metabolic ecology provide a useful framework for making progress in this area, but conceptual synthesis and review are needed to help catalyze additional research. Here, we examine known and potential interactions between temperature and nutrients from a variety of physiological, community, and ecosystem perspectives. We first review patterns at the level of the individual, focusing on four traits – growth, respiration, body size, and elemental content – that should theoretically govern how temperature and nutrients interact to influence higher levels of biological organization. We next explore the interactive effects of temperature and nutrients on populations, communities, and food webs by synthesizing information related to community size spectra, biomass distributions, and elemental composition. We use metabolic theory to make predictions about how population‐level secondary production should respond to interactions between temperature and resource supply, setting up qualitative predictions about the flows of energy and materials through metazoan food webs. Last, we examine how temperature–nutrient interactions influence processes at the whole‐ecosystem level, focusing on apparent vs. intrinsic activation energies of ecosystem processes, how to represent temperature–nutrient interactions in ecosystem models, and patterns with respect to nutrient uptake and organic matter decomposition. We conclude that a better understanding of interactions between temperature and nutrients will be critical for developing realistic predictions about ecological responses to multiple, simultaneous drivers of global change, including climate warming and elevated nutrient supply.
Relative Recovery of Thermal Energy and Fresh Water in Aquifer Storage and Recovery Systems
Authors: Miotliński K. , Dillon P.J. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis paper explores the relationship between thermal energy and fresh water recoveries from an aquifer storage recovery (ASR) well in a brackish confined aquifer. It reveals the spatial and temporal distributions of temperature and conservative solutes between injected and recovered water. The evaluation is based on a review of processes affecting heat and solute transport in a homogeneous aquifer. In this simplified analysis, it is assumed that the aquifer is sufficiently anisotropic to inhibit density‐affected flow, flow is axisymmetric, and the analysis is limited to a single ASR cycle. Results show that the radial extent of fresh water at the end of injection is greater than that of the temperature change due to the heating or cooling of the geological matrix as well as the interstitial water. While solutes progress only marginally into low permeability aquitards by diffusion, conduction of heat into aquitards above and below is more substantial. Consequently, the heat recovery is less than the solute recovery when the volume of the recovered water is lower than the injection volume. When the full volume of injected water is recovered the temperature mixing ratio divided by the solute mixing ratio for recovered water ranges from 0.95 to 0.6 for ratios of maximum plume radius to aquifer thickness of 0.6 to 4.6. This work is intended to assist conceptual design for dual use of ASR for conjunctive storage of water and thermal energy to maximize the potential benefits.
Thermal Properties of (Zr, TM)B2 Solid Solutions with TM = Ta, Mo, Re, V, and Cr
Authors: McClane Devon L. , Fahrenholtz William G. , Hilmas Gregory E. 
Published: November 2014

The thermal properties were investigated for hot‐pressed zirconium diboride containing solid solution additions of tantalum, molybdenum, rhenium, vanadium, and chromium. The nominal additions were equivalent to 3 at.% of each metal with respect to zirconium. Using 0.5 wt% carbon as a sintering aid, powders were hot‐pressed to near full density at 2150°C. Rietveld refinement of X‐ray diffraction data was used to measure lattice parameters and to ensure that the additives formed solid solutions. Thermal conductivities were calculated from measured thermal diffusivities and temperature‐dependent values for density and heat capacity. Thermal conductivities at 25°C ranged from 88 W·(m·K)−1 for nominally pure ZrB2 down to 28 W·(m·K)−1 for (Zr,Cr)B2. Electron contributions to thermal conductivity were calculated from electrical resistivity measurements using the Wiedemann–Franz law. Decreases in phonon and electron conduction correlated with the size of the metallic additive, indicating that changes in atom size in the Zr lattice positions reduced thermal transport.
Seasonal variation in groundwater depth does not explain structure and diversity of tropical savannas
Authors: Silva L.C.R. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIt has recently been proposed that seasonal fluctuations in groundwater depth drive spatial patterns of tree density and diversity in Neotropical savannas. Here I consider three major problems in the analysis that led to this conclusion, providing examples that demonstrate that groundwater levels do not constrain the establishment of woody communities and, therefore, cannot be used to explain patterns of tree density and diversity in savannas.