bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enzymatic Allylation of Catechols
Authors: Zhang Yixin , Liu Wujun , Sohail Muhammad , Wang Xueying , Liu Yuxue , Zhao Zongbao K 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Enzymatic allylation of catechols was realized via catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) using an allylated S-adenosyl-l-methionine (allyl-SAM) analog, with relatively good chemo- and regioselectivities. This new reaction offered an alternative procedure for allylation of catechols, which can be expanded as a biocatalytic allylation method in organic synthesis.
Methodological Approaches to Evaluating the Internal Control System in Agricultural Organizations
Authors: Сунгатуллина  , Sungatullina R. , Гоголева  , Gogoleva O. 
Published: April 2015

The article presents the stages of evaluating the effectiveness of the internal control system in agricultural organizations. The classification of the stages of distortion
of facts of economic life concerning accounting procedure stageswas suggested. A matrix of general and application controls of agricultural organizations was
developed. Procedures to verify the operation of controls and control procedures in terms of budgetary subsidies accounting were presented.
Assessment Services Market Competition
Authors: Румянцева  , Rumyantseva I. , Смарагдов  , Smaragdov I. , Мотохин  , Motokhin A. 
Published: April 2015

The article presents the results of the analysis of the Russian assessment services market performed by the method of market cores based on data of the rating
agency «Expert RA» by volumes of total revenue of leading valuating companies in 2013, and quantitative valuation of the level of market competition.
On Socially Optimal Queue Length
Authors: Wang Chia-Li 
Published: April 2015

Suppose customers arrive at an observable queueing system for service with a utility function of reward and waiting cost. The self- (customer) decision is whether to queue or balk, and the social (system administrator) goal is to maximize the profit of the whole system. Whereas the self-optimal policy is relatively easy to obtain, the socially optimal policy, which is of more practical importance, often requires a tedious and ad hoc analysis as a result of external effects. We will introduce a simple and general approach to determine the optimal admission policy. The main idea of this approach is to consider a special rule that admits an extra customer who is served only by the surplus capacity and bears all the increased waiting time and thus incurs no external cost. The approach applies in principle to queues with exponential service. In fact, for such queues, a marginal analysis based on this rule will explore the properties of the optimal social policy and lead to a general procedure for deriving the optimal threshold. This paper was accepted by Noah Gans, stochastic models and simulation.
The effect of selected fungicides on the chemical composition of strawberry fruits and contamination with dithiocarbamate residues
Authors: Wysocki Karol , Banaszkiewicz Tadeusz 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT
In a four-year field experiment, fenhexamid, iprodione, pyrimethanil and thiram were applied in four different series as fungicides recommended for the control of grey mold (Botrytis cinerea) in strawberries. The plant protection products had no significant effect on the chemical composition of strawberry fruits of the Kent and Senga Sengana cultivars with the exception of an increase in the vitamin C level in ‘Kent’ strawberries. They also contributed to minor variations in the content of extract, total sugars, organic acids, polyphenols and anthocyanins. Dithiocarbamate residues were detected in all samples from the first harvest of strawberries that had been treated with the thiram fungicide
Callus induction in papaya (Carica papaya L.) and synseed production for low temperature storage and cryopreservation
Authors: Teixeira da Silva Jaime A. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT
The mid- to long-term preservation of papaya (Carica papaya L.) would allow for the safeguarding of important germplasm. In this study, soft friable callus (SFC) and hard callus (HC) were induced from the first two true leaves of 10-day-old seedlings containing a midrib derived from the germinated seed of two cultivars (‘Rainbow’ and ‘Sunrise Solo’). Following germination on a Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium that contained 3% sucrose and was free of plant growth regulators (PGRs), sections of the first true leaves from 10-day-old seedlings were exposed to seven published callus or somatic embryogenesis protocols for zygotic embryos, leaves or hypocotyls. Optimal SFC and HC induction was carried out on a half-strength MS medium following the Fitch (1993) or the Ascêncio-Cabral et al. (2008) protocol, respectively. SFC formed shoots that could then convert to plants when transferred to a full-strength MS medium devoid of PGRs. Plantlets 10-cm tall were acclimatised in two steps: first by in vitro acclimatisation in aerated vessels, the Vitron, under CO2-enriched (3000 ppm CO2), then by the transfer of individually rooted plantlets in Rockwool® blocks to a substrate of soil: pine bark : perlite (1:1:1, v/v/v). SFC and HC were then encapsulated in alginate beads, which were exposed to low temperature storage (LTS) at 10°C and 15°C, and also cryopreserved for 30 days. All encapsulated alginate beads that contained SFC, HC or leaf tissue that had been stored under LTS or cryopreserved were able to regenerate callus when placed on an optimal callus induction medium. Plants derived from the control, LTS and cryopreservation protocols, either from SFC or HC, were successfully acclimatised.
Characteristics of health-promoting schools from Iranian adolescents’ point of view
Authors: Shahhosseini Zohreh , Simbar Masoumeh , Ramezankhani Ali 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Aim: Although characteristics of health-promoting schools are mentioned in the World Health Organization guidelines, different countries need to design more details of indicators for assessing these schools according to their social and cultural context. The aim of this study was to investigate characteristics of health-promoting schools from Iranian adolescent girls’ point of view.

Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, 2010 middle school and high school female adolescents were selected from randomly selected schools in Mazandaran province, Iran. They completed a self-completion questionnaire around their views about characteristics of health- promoting schools. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and an independent t-test.

Results: It is revealed that from Iranian adolescents’ point of view the most important feature of health-promoting schools was the schools with no stressful exams and where notices are kindly given to students for their mistakes.

Conclusion: The results suggest that there is a need for more measurable standards of health-promoting schools based on the socio-cultural context of both developing and developed countries.
Towards a Historical Semantic of the Bedouin, Seventh to Fifteenth Centuries: A Survey
Authors: Leder Stefan 
Published: April 2015

AbstractArabic literature is exceptionally rich in references to the Bedouin component of society. The main terms used by Arabic authors to refer to the Bedouin and their ways of life reveal the significant approach to nomadism in the Near East and Arabic North Africa and expose specific concepts which changed over time. Arabic terminology, in our reading, does not support a sharp and categorical dichotomy between sedentary and Bedouin ways of life, although distinctions based on socially mediated normative contexts appear marked, and Bedouin may thus appear simply as a social category, so that their actual way of life may fade into insignificance. What we suggest is to explore the extent to which the category “Bedouin” is applied in different cultural and conceptual contexts. Various historical attitudes may be distinguished approximately, not only on the basis of the terms applied, but also in light of the semantic features determining their application. Whereas in the early Islamic period, Bedouin tribal groups (
Selections from Len Lye and the Problem of Popular Films (1938)
Authors: Jackson Laura (Riding) , Fragopoulos George 
Published: April 2015

In 1926 the new zealand artist, writer, and budding filmmaker len lye arrived in london by way of sydney, australia.Only twenty-five years old, Lye was still a few years away from his first breakthrough in film: Tusalava (1929), a nine-minute animated film composed of over 4,400 drawings that took nearly two years to complete (Horrocks, Len Lye 91). The artist would spend the next two decades in London, years in which his association with the General Post Office Film Unit would provide him with the resources he needed to create some of his most famous films, such as A Colour Box (1935), Rainbow Dance (1936), and N or NW (1938).In December 1925, a young American poet by the name of Laura Gottschalk—soon to change her name to Laura Riding—followed Robert Graves's advice and moved to London. While she had yet to publish a book of poems, her poetry had appeared in a number of literary journals, most notably the Fugitive (Jacobs xvii). Her first collection, The Close Chaplet, was published by Leonard and Virginia Woolf's Hogarth Press in October 1926.
NZ@FRANKFURT: IMAGINING NEW ZEALAND’S GUEST OF HONOUR PRESENTATION AT THE 2012 FRANKFURT BOOK FAIR FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF LITERARY TRANSLATION
Authors: Kölling Angela 
Published: April 2015

With over 7,000 exhibitors from over 100 countries and circa 300,000 visitors each year the Frankfurt Book Fair is a playground for political, economic, and cultural imaginings, including many domestic and foreign places. The Book Fair is often conceived of and studied as a site of intercultural politics and commerce but has not yet fully been explored as a site of translation and translator’s agency. This essay offers critical reflections upon metaphors for the translator, arguing that a shift of the base metaphor in comparative literature studies of translation from conflict to friction could redirect interdisciplinary translation studies. I propose that the friction metaphor leads toward an appropriate balance between complex detail and ordering reduction of data that allows us to describe the intensity and the challenges of translation without recreating the old-established realities we already know.
FILMSTADT IN THE VORSTADT: LOCATIONALITY IN THE FILMMAKING PRACTICE OF MIHÁLY/ MICHAEL KERTÉSZ/ CURTIZ
Authors: Ingram Susan 
Published: April 2015

The article examines the largest and most monumental of the silent film epics produced in the Austrian republic: Sodom und Gomorrha (1922). In seeking out the film’s shooting location, an abandoned site of clay pits and hilly grasslands at the southern edge of Vienna, the article explores what the site’s history and current incarnation as part of a Kurpark reveal about the filmmaker’s urban imaginary and the role of technology in modernizing it, and it establishes parallels between the early work he did under the name Michael Kertész and the later success of his cult classicCasablanca.
Century‐scale effects of invasive deer and rodents on the dynamics of forests growing on soils of contrasting fertility
Authors: Forsyth David M. , Wilson Deborah J. , Easdale Tomás A. , Kunstler Georges , Canham Charles D. , Ruscoe Wendy A. , Wright Elaine F. , Murphy Lora , Gormley Andrew M. , Gaxiola Aurora , Coomes David A. 
Published: April 2015

Understanding the long‐term impacts of invasive mammalian browsers and granivores in mixed forests is difficult due to the many processes potentially affecting the demography of long‐lived trees. We constructed individual‐based spatially explicit simulation models of two mixed conifer–angiosperm forests, growing on soils of contrasting phosphorus (P) availability, to investigate how browsing by invasive red deer (Cervus elaphus scoticus) and granivory by invasive rodents (primarily house mouse Mus musculus) might alter forest dynamics. Models were parameterized with field data. Seedling growth and survival rates were estimated inside and outside deer exclosures. Seed predation rates were estimated at high and low rodent densities in mast and non‐mast seeding years. For the alluvial terrace forest, which grew on P‐rich soil, our model contained 15 tree species dominated by angiosperms; our model of the P‐poor marine terrace forest contained seven species dominated by conifers. The two forest models were used to explore four 500‐year scenarios: deer and rodents present, deer present and rodents absent, deer absent and rodents present, and deer and rodents absent.Our field studies revealed that the highest probabilities of seed predation by rodents occurred for two canopy species in mast years and in neighborhoods of high species‐specific basal area, and that deer browsing had the greatest negative effects on the growth and survival rates of angiosperm seedlings. Our simulation models predicted that the presence of deer and rodents would reduce the abundances of canopy codominants, and hence total basal area, in the alluvial terrace forest. The presence of deer increased the dominance of conifers in both forests, but effects of deer and rodents were much stronger in the alluvial terrace forest. Our study revealed two emergent properties. First, rodent‐ and deer‐induced reductions in seedling abundances did not always translate into reduced sapling and adult tree abundances. Second, when deer changed the abundance of a canopy dominant, other species were affected by altered interspecific competition.We conclude that the effects of invasive deer and rodents will be greatest in forests growing on P‐rich soils. Exclusion of deer is predicted to have greater long‐term effects on forest dynamics than exclusion of rodents.
Effect of long-term oral administration of a low dosage of clenbuterol on body fat percentage in working and nonworking adult horses
Authors: Nolen-Walston Rose D. , Moore Caitlin M. , Barr Ciara A. , Tomlinson Joy E. , Boston Raymond C. , Soma Lawrence R. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the anabolic and lipolytic effects of a low dosage of clenbuterol administered orally in working and nonworking equids.
ANIMALS 8 nonworking horses and 47 polo ponies in active training.
PROCEDURES Each polo pony continued training and received either clenbuterol (0.8 μg/kg) or an equal volume of corn syrup (placebo) orally twice daily for 21 days, and then was evaluated for another 21-day period. Nonworking horses received clenbuterol or placebo at the same dosage for 21 days in a crossover trial (2 treatments/horse). For working and nonworking horses, percentage body fat (PBF) was estimated before treatment and then 2 and 3 times/wk, respectively. Body weight was measured at intervals.
RESULTS Full data sets were not available for 8 working horses. For working horses, a significant treatment effect of clenbuterol was detected by day 3 and continued through the last day of treatment; at day 21, the mean change in PBF from baseline following clenbuterol or placebo treatment was −0.80% (representing a 12% decrease in PBF) and −0.32%, respectively. By day 32 through 42 (without treatment), PBF change did not differ between groups. When treated with clenbuterol, the nonworking horses had a similar mean change in PBF from baseline from day 6 onward, which peaked at −0.75% on day 18 (an 8% decrease in PBF). Time and treatment had no significant effect on body weight in either experiment.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Among the study equids, long-term low-dose clenbuterol administration resulted in significant decreases in body fat with no loss in body weight.
In vitro evaluation of bursting pressure and intestinal luminal area of three jejunostomy tube placement techniques in dogs
Authors: Risselada Marije , Ellison Gary W. , Winter Matthew D. , Giglio Robson F. , Shih Andre , Hernandez Jorge A. , Griffith Emily 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare pursestring, Witzel (seromuscular inversion), and seromuscular incision jejunostomy tube placement techniques in vitro.
SAMPLE Jejunal specimens from 10 dogs.
PROCEDURES Jejunal segments (50 cm) were harvested immediately prior to euthanasia from 10 mixed-breed dogs Specimens were harvested with the orad and aborad ends clamped and stored in saline (0.9% NaCl) solution–soaked towels during instrumentation. Three jejunostomy tubes were placed via 3 techniques (pursestring, Witzel, and seromuscular incision), and 2 double lumen central venous catheters were placed at each intestinal end for luminal filling and leak testing. Intestinal luminal area was measured ultrasonographically with specimens suspended in a warm undyed saline solution bath with the intestinal lumen filled with dyed saline solution (intraluminal pressure, 6 mm Hg). Leak testing was performed by means of infusion of dyed saline solution (4 mL/min) until each jejunostomy site failed. Intestinal luminal area and leakage pressure were compared between the 3 tube placement techniques.
RESULTS The Witzel and seromuscular incision techniques decreased the intestinal luminal area measured at the tube insertion site, albeit nonsignificantly. For the seromuscular incision technique, a significant decrease in intestinal luminal area at the intraluminal site of measurement was found. For 2/30 specimens (1/10 pursestring and 1/10 seromuscular incision), failure occurred at pressures within the range of previously reported peak peristaltic pressure for dogs. Failure occurred at supraphysiologic peristaltic pressures for the remaining 28 specimens, including all 10 specimens for the Witzel technique.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In this in vitro study, all specimens for the Witzel technique withstood physiologic peristaltic pressures during leak testing. Both tunneling techniques (Witzel and seromuscular incision) created a decrease in intestinal luminal area. Further investigation, including in vivo testing, is indicated to evaluate the clinical relevance of these findings.
Shamir Secret Sharing Scheme with Dynamic Access Structure (SSSDAS): case study on nuclear power plant
Authors: Thiyagarajan P. , Thandra Prasanth Kumar , Rajan J. , Satyamurthy S. A. V. , Aghila G. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
In recent years, due to the sophistication offered by the Internet, strategic organizations like nuclear power plants are linked to the outside world communication through the Internet. The entry of outside world communication into strategic organization (nuclear power plant) increases the hacker's attempts to crack its security and to trace any information which is being sent among the top level officials. Information security system in nuclear power plant is very crucial as even small loophole in the security system will lead to a major disaster. Recent cyber attacks in nuclear power plant provoked information security professionals to look deeply into the information security aspects of strategic organizations (nuclear power plant). In these lines, Shamir secret sharing scheme with dynamic access structure (SSSDAS) is proposed in the paper which provides enhanced security by providing dynamic access structure for each node in different hierarchies. The SSSDAS algorithm can be applied to any strategic organizations with hierarchical structures. In this paper the possible scenarios where SSSDAS algorithm can be applied to nuclear power plant is explained as a case study. The proposed SSSDAS scheme identifies the wrong shares, if any, used for reconstruction of the secret. The SSSDAS scheme also address the three major security parameters namely confidentiality, authentication and integrity.
Alternative views of security in Latin America: Towards a global contribution to human security
Authors: Gómez Oscar A. 
Published: April 2015

This article analyzes the peripheral role of Latin America in global discussions about human security. The main hypothesis is that proposals for opening security theories and practices to a “human vision” failed to merge with the evolution of security concepts and institutions in the region over the last twenty years. Hence, there is no constructive communication interface between citizen and human security activities that inform security practices in the medium and long term. This article describes two approaches: (a) the slow development of human security concepts that may be somehow useful to the region due to (b) the positioning of citizen security as an alternative security paradigm in Latin America. Following a conceptual and institutional review of these approaches, the article concludes with some proposals to establish a dynamic and effective bridge between these two visions. Spanish
El presente artículo analiza el papel periférico de Latinoamérica en las discusiones mundiales sobre el concepto/enfoque de seguridad humana. La hipótesis de trabajo es que las propuestas para abrir la teoría y práctica de seguridad en la región a la visión humana no han logrado acoplarse a la evolución en las concepciones e instituciones de seguridad durante los últimos veinte años; por tanto, no existe una interface constructiva de comunicación entre lo ciudadano y lo humano que informe el quehacer en seguridad en el mediano y largo plazo. El estudio describe dos hilos conductores: (a) el lento desarrollo de versiones elaboradas del concepto de seguridad humana que resulten útiles a las sociedades de la región, en parte producto de (b) el posicionamiento de la seguridad ciudadana como el paradigma alternativo de seguridad en América Latina. Después de hacer una revisión de estos hilos en lo conceptual e institucional, el artículo cierra con algunas propuestas para establecer un puente más dinámico y efectivo entre las dos visiones. French
Cet article analyse le rôle périphérique de l'Amérique latine dans le débat mondial sur le concept / approche de la sécurité humaine. L'hypothèse de travail est que les propositions visant à ouvrir la théorie et la pratique de la sécurité dans la région à la vision humaine ont échoué à engager l'évolution des concepts et des institutions de sécurité au cours des ces vingt dernières années; par conséquent, il n'existe pas d'interface de communication constructive entre le citoyen et l'activité humaine à informer sur les initiatives de sécurité dans le moyen et long terme. L'étude décrit deux fils conducteurs: (1) la lenteur du développement des versions du concept de sécurité humaine élaborées qui sont utiles aux entreprises dans la région, en partie le produit de (2) la conception de la sécurité « citoyenne » comme un paradigme alternatif de la sécurité en Amérique latine. Après un examen de ces discussions sur le conceptuel et l'institutionnel, l'article se termine par quelques propositions destinées à établir un pont plus dynamique et efficient entre les deux points de vue.