bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adiposity, inflammation, genetic variants and risk of post-menopausal breast cancer findings from a prospective-specimen-collection, retrospective-blinded-evaluation (PRoBE) design approach
Authors: Yan Xiaowei Sherry , Barnholtz-Sloan Jill , Chu Xin , Li Ling , Colonie Ryan , Webster Jessica , Smelser Diane , Patel Nikitaban , Prichard Jeffery , Stark Azadeh 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Chronic internal inflammation secondary to adiposity is a risk factor for sporadic breast cancer and Post-Menopausal Breast Cancer (PMBC) is largely defined as such. Adiposity is one of the clinical criteria for the diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and is a risk factor for PMBC. We examined SNPs of eight genes implicated in adiposity, inflammation and cell proliferation in a Prospective-specimen-collection, Retrospective-Blinded-Evaluation (PRoBE) design approach. A total of 180 cases and 732 age-matched controls were identified from the MyCode prospective biobank database and then linked to the Clinical Decision Information System, an enterprise-wide data warehouse, to retrieve clinico-demographic data. Samples were analyzed in a core laboratory where the personnel were masked to their status. Results from multivariate logistic regression yielded one SNP (rs2922126) in the GHSR as protective against PMBC among homozygotes for the minor allele (A/A) (OR = 0.4, 95% CI 0.18-.89, P-value = .02); homozygosity for the minor allele (C/C) of the SNP (rs889312) of the gene MAP3K1 was associated with the risk of PMBC (OR = 2.41, 95% CI 1.25-4.63 P-value = .008). Advanced age was protective against PMBC (OR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.95-0.99, P-value = .02). Family history of breast cancer (OR = 2.22, 95% CI 1.14-4.43. P = .02), HRT (OR = 3.35; 95% CI 2.15-5.21, P < .001), and MetS (OR = 14.83, 95% CI 5.63-39.08, P < .001) and interaction between HRT and MetS (OR = 39.38, 95% CI 15.71-98.70, P < .001) were associated with the risk of PMBC. We did not detected significant interactions between SNPs or between the SNPs and the clinico-demographic risk factors. Our study further confirms that MetS increases the risk of PMBC and argues in favor of reducing exposure to HRT. Our findings are another confirmation that low penetrance genes involved in the inflammatory pathway, i.e. MAP3KI gene, may have a plausible causative role in PMBC. Given the fact that genetic constitutionality of individuals cannot be changed, efforts should be focused on life style modification.
Responses to Entry in Multi-Sided Markets: The Impact of Craigslist on Local Newspapers
Authors: Seamans Robert , Zhu Feng 
Published: November 2013

How do firms respond to entry in multi-sided markets? We address this question by studying the impact of Craigslist, a website providing classified-advertising services, on local U.S. newspapers. We exploit temporal and geographical variation in Craigslist's entry to show that newspapers with greater reliance on classified-ad revenue experience a larger drop in classified-ad rates after Craigslist's entry. The impact of Craigslist's entry on the classified-ad side appears to propagate to other sides of the newspapers' market. On the subscriber side, these newspapers experience an increase in subscription prices, a decrease in circulation, and an increase in differentiation from each other. On the display-ad side, affected newspapers experience a decrease in display-ad rates. We also find evidence that affected newspapers are less likely to make their content available online. Finally, we estimate that Craigslist's entry leads to $5.0 billion (year 2000 dollars) in savings to classified-ad buyers during 2000–2007. This paper was accepted by Sandra Slaughter, information systems.
Product Line Design with Seller-Induced Learning
Authors: Xiong Hui , Chen Ying-Ju 
Published: November 2013

In practice, some well-established service providers (sellers) offer one-time experiences or product demonstrations for the services that have been introduced to the market for years. Such activities, labeled as seller-induced learning, not only help the consumers learn more about themselves but also exploit the consumers by elaborating on the consumer heterogeneity. When the seller-induced learning completely resolves the consumers' valuation uncertainty, it can facilitate a more sophisticated price discrimination scheme and may give rise to a relatively more efficient allocation. Nevertheless, if there is residual valuation uncertainty, the seller may abandon the seller-induced learning to avoid the exacerbated ex post cannibalization. We show that an exploding offer shall sometimes be offered in conjunction with the seller-induced learning to encourage immediate purchases when uncertainty arises in only some consumers. We identify regimes under which the seller-induced learning is charged at a strictly positive price. Under these regimes, the seller need not sacrifice the ex post efficiency upon inducing consumer learning. Therefore, our result indicates that the seller-induced learning may eliminate the conflict between rent extraction and efficiency initiatives. However, quality distortion prevails when the seller provides an identical menu for all the consumers or the free seller-induced learning. This paper was accepted by J. Miguel Villas-Boas, marketing.
Ballistic Impact Characteristics of Flat-nose Projectile Penetrating Concrete and Soil Compound Target
Authors: Dong Yongxiang , Feng Shunshan , Huang Guangyan , Liu Chunmei , Xiao Lixing , Song Qing 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Ballistic impact characteristics on the flat-nose projectile penetrating the concrete and soil compound target are studied. The deformation process and failure zone in the target are described by numerical simulation with finite element software. The results show that penetration depth, residual velocity and deceleration amplitude of flat-nose projectile increase with initial velocity. The features of concrete target after impact are approximately in agreement with experimental results. And the cracks and the tensile crush zone formed during penetration could characterize the damage and failure of target. Meanwhile, terminal ballistic characteristics of flat-nose projectile into single soil layer are studied to compare with that of concrete compound target. The results show that the overload of projectile penetrating hard-soil is only one-third of that of concrete compound target with low velocity. Reversely, the duration of the former is more than five times as long as the latter, and the rebound velocity of projectile penetrating soil medium is greater than the concrete compound target.
The Soret Effect with the D1Q2 and D2Q4 Lattice Boltzmann Model
Authors: Mohamad A. A. , Kuzmin A. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The paper analysis the incorporation of the source term in the advection-diffusion equation for the BGK Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM). The problem is the coupled energy and species conservation equations with the Soret term. The problem is extremely important for people using LBM in simulating multi-physics, because multi-physics effect added as a source term to LB. A Few BGK LBM models were used, namely D1Q2, D1Q3, D2Q4 and D2Q5 to solve advection-diffusion-reaction problems. The aim of this work is to demonstrate that the lattice Boltzmann method is able to simulate Soret effect, where the source term is the curvature of the temperature field. Theoretical analysis of the force inclusion is also presented in the paper. To insure that the predictions are correct and consistent with the traditional methods, comparison of LBM predictions with the finite difference method (FVM) predictions were illustrated. Also, the results show that prediction of D1Q2 may suffer from oscillation.
Interferenzkandidaten in zweisprachigen Lernerwörterbüchern, insbesondere im deutsch-ungarischen Kollokationslexikon KolleX
Authors: Hollós Zita 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The following article exemplarily analyses and types different kinds of interference in the corpus-based bilingual special dictionary ‘KOLLEX’. Based on selected figures the first section shortly overviews this German-Hungarian learner’s dictionary. Then, based on different aspects of the dictionary’s concept, the next chapter presents the concrete realisation of the conception’s focus on the language learner. Though ‘KOLLEX’ is designed for active language production, due to its German register of more than 10.000 cotextpartners it can be used as an appropriate translation tool as well.
The second section scrutinizes the phenomenon of interference in lexicographi cal practice. First some German-Hungarian learner’s dictionaries are surveyed concerning the applied solutions. As a second step, the solutions found for ‘KOLLEX’ are presented by means of concrete examples, the so called interference candidates. This for it’s essential to analyze the phenomenon of interference on different language levels. This baseline study provides a first theoretical step towards a consistent methodical framework for a lexicographic record of interference.
Der Gebrauch zweisprachiger Wörterbücher aus der Sicht italienischer Gemanistikstudierender
Authors: Curcio Martina Nied 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The article analyzes the use of bilingual dictionaries in the translation process of polysemic verbs from Italian into German. The polysemic verbs are described in a contrastive way in order to highlight the specific difficulties of Italian speakers who are learning German as a foreign language. The empirical research focuses on how the Italian students use their dictionary when faced with translation difficulties presented by polysemic verbs. The results show the relationship between difficulties, errors in translation and the use of the bilingual dictionary. A retrospective questionnaire demonstrate what students think about their own use of dictionary, how they approach specific hurdles in the process of translation and how a high language awareness correlates to an effective use of the dictionary.
What should we demand from an online dictionary for specialized translation?
Authors: Tarp Sven 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
This contribution treats the concept of a specialised translation dictionary and argues that this concept is much broader than the traditional vision of a bilingual dictionary going from source language to target language. Based on a methodology developed in the framework of the function theory and using qualitative evidence from existing user research, the contribution then discusses the respective phases and sub-phases of the overall translation process where lexicographically relevant problems and needs may occur. Subsequently, it discusses how these needs could be solved in a complex combination of monolingual and bilingual lexicographical solutions and presents an overall concept of a specialised translation dictionary together with some general principles. Finally, it provides examples of how these principles can be applied in both printed and online dictionaries using already available techniques from information and computer science.
Automated dictionary consultation for text reception: a critical evaluation of lexicographic guidance in linked Kindle e-dictionaries
Authors: Bothma Theo J.D. , Prinsloo D.J. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
In the Amazon Kindle e-books, readers are automatically directed to a linked e-dictionary which enables the reader to obtain the meaning of the word without having to leave the book being read - the first three lines of the dictionary article are presented to the reader on the same screen as the open book. If this information is not sufficient to enable the reader to obtain the correct information to satisfy his/her information need, (s)he can follow a link to the full dictionary article. This is an excellent feature to help readers obtain relevant information in a text reception situation. It works perfectly in most cases. However, unfortunately there are many cases where the reader is not presented with relevant information or even presented with incorrect information, based on incorrect part of speech identification, linking to the incorrect lemma or a number of other categories of incorrect linking which are discussed in the article. Following a categorisation of such problems, we provide a number of suggestions for possible solutions to the problem. The solutions include the provision of tagged corpora, on-the-fly tagging, a menu of items to enable the reader to disambiguate between various options, etc. Each of these options is discussed in terms of what the option entails, technical issues involved in the specific option and the feasibility of the option. The article concludes that not one option will necessarily resolve all problems and that a multi-pronged approach may be necessary to optimise the automated linking of words in the Kindle e-books to the e-dictionaries that are provided.
Metalexikographische Überlegungen zum Wörterbuch der Falschen Freunde
Authors: Kiyko Svitlana 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Im Beitrag werden Gestaltungsprinzipien des Wörterbuchs der „Falschen Freunde“ auf der Makro- und Mikroebene behandelt. Zuerst wird auf wörterbuchtypologische Grundfragen eingegangen, von denen sich wichtige Gestaltungsprinzipien des Wörterbuchs ableiten. Anschließend werden herkömmliche Ansätze zur Auswahl der Lemmata, Struktur eines Wörterbuchartikels sowie Differenzierung von Übersetzungsäquivalenten besprochen. Die Darstellung basiert auf Erfahrungen bei der Erstellung eines Wörterbuchs für das Deutsche und Ukrainische.
Ursprungskritik. Nietzsches Anfänge und die Ursprünge der Rhetorik
Authors: Schnyder Peter 
Published: November 2013

ZusammenfassungZu Nietzsches Metaphysik-Kritik gehört seine Kritik am Konzept eines selbstidentischen Ursprungs. Sie wird gemeinhin mit dem mittleren und späteren Werk, das heißt mit dem Werk des ‚Genealogen‘ in Verbindung gebracht. Wie sich allerdings vor allem im Blick auf Nietzsches Beschäftigung mit der Rhetorik in der ersten Hälfte der 1870er Jahre zeigt, kann bereits im Frühwerk beobachtet werden, wie er Anfang und Ursprung als einen Plural von Anfangen und Ursprüngen denkt. Darauf wurde zwar, insbesondere von poststrukturalistischer Seite, schon hingewiesen. Doch der Fokus blieb dabei beschrankt auf die Problematik der rhetorischen Tropen und Figuren. Hier soll die Frage des Ursprungs umfassender in den Blick genommen werden. Von besonderem Interesse sind in diesem Zusammenhang neben den Rhetorik-Vorlesungen Nietzsches auch die „öffentlichen Reden“, die der junge Professor 1872 unter dem Titel
Modern vs. Ancient Science: Discussing Maudemarie Clark’s Nietzsche on Truth and Philosophy
Authors: Johnson Dirk R. 
Published: November 2013

ZusammenfassungIn einer einflussreichen Interpretation von Nietzsches späten Schriften verweist Maudemarie Clark auf bestimmte Passagen in GM, GD und AC, um damit zu beweisen, dass Nietzsche geglaubt habe, die Wahrheit sei durch den »richtigen* Einsatz der empirischen Wissenschaften zu erreichen. In meiner Kritik an Clark lege ich dar, dass Nietzsches positive Erwähnungen der Wissenschaft in diesen Texten nicht bedeuten, dass er für die modernen empirischen Wissenschaften ein- tritt. Die Prüfung seiner Argumente in GM und AC ergibt vielmehr, dass er zeigen wollte, dass die moderne Wissenschaft sich aus einem alternativen genealogischen Strang des Asketismus entwickelte und eine Rückkehr zu einer,positiven* Auffassung der Wissenschaft erst wieder möglich würde, wenn man die Bindung des modernen Empirizismus an die asketische Tradition in Frage gestellt habe. Indem er den Geist der antiken,Wissenschaft* neu für sich zurückgewann, fand Nietzsche eine Basis, um die ideologischen Fundamente der modernen Wissenschaft anzugreifen.
Friedrich Nietzsches Krankheiten – eine unendliche Geschichte
Authors: Schiffter Roland 
Published: November 2013

ZusammenfassungAls Reaktion auf Christiane Koszkas Aufsatz in den Nietzsche- Studien 39 (2010) wird nochmals eine Analyse der Symptome und der Verlaufsdynamik von Nietzsches Krankheiten durchgeführt, die erneut zu dem Ergebnis kommt, dass es bei der finalen neurologischen Erkrankung des Philosophen (ab 1888) an der Diagnose einer Progressiven Paralyse keinen Zweifel geben kann. Die aktuelle, offenbar weithin begrüßte ,neue Diagnose* eines sogenannten MELAS-Syndroms von Christiane Koszka ist unzutreffend.
Look before You License: The Use of Public Sharing Websites in Building Co-Created Community Repositories
Authors: Lipinski Tomas A. , Copeland Andrea 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe legal aspects of building a co-created community repository (CCR) are explored through the examination of existing commercial web-based services. To determine whether commercial services offer a practicable option or a model for the creation of a CCR’s terms of service (TOS), we analyzed six websites. The TOS contain the rules under which content can be stored, accessed, shared, etc. This TOS assessment is based on the consideration of four attributes, applied in a legal context: functionality, integrity, provenance, and permanence. While many of the features of a successful CCR are found across the services, none possesses all of the required elements. Recommendations for preferable CCR TOS are offered.
A novel porcine collagen GTR membrane for treatment of Class II molar furcation involvement
Authors: Hsu Chia-Jen , Lin Shu-Li , Chang Wei-Jen , Salamanca Eisner , Feng Sheng-Wei , Teng Nai-Chia , Huang Haw-Ming 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) in the management of the periodontal furcation invasion is effective. Recent studies showed significant clinical improvement with different materials. The purpose of this study is to provide clinical evaluations of the bone repair potential of GTR combined with a novel porcine collagen membrane in the treatment of human molar Class II furcations. Fifty-one patients, 33 males and 18 females, with no systemic disease and a mean age of 49.1 years, participated in this study after phase I periodontal therapy. Probing depth, attachment loss and radiographic examination were recorded and analyzed before and after GTR therapy with collagen membrane. In the soft tissue measurement, the periodontal pocket (PD) depth was 5.283±0.283 mm before the surgery and improved to 2.631±0.147 mm at 9 months after surgery (p<0.05). Attachment loss also showed similar results. The attachment level was 5.547±0.3 mm before the surgery, and 2.911±0.188 mm at 9 months after surgery (p<0.05). According to the measurements the attachment gain was 2.636±0.168 mm after GTR surgery with porcine collagen membrane. According to this study, the porcine collagen membrane can perform with exceptional results in attachment level gain for the Class II periodontal furcation involvement.
The effects of funoran-containing xylitol chewing gum on dental plaque
Authors: Wang Meng-Jiy , Chang Wei-Jen , Lee Wei-Fang , Lee Sheng-Yang , Sheu Joen-Rong , Teng Nai-Chia 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the efficacy of the addition of funoran to xylitol chewing gum in dental plaque. In a double-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial, 36 health adults (21–30 years old), who volunteered after informed consent, with >105 colony-forming units/ml mutans streptococci (MS) at baseline, were assigned randomly into one of three parallel study groups: xylitol+funoran gum (group A), sucrose gum group (group B), and control group (no gum have been provided; group C). The pH value, flash weight, and MS of dental plaque were recorded at baseline and after 2 weeks of treatment. A statistically significant reduction (p<0.05) of salivary MS was displayed in group A after the intervention when compared with baseline. The weight of plaque was reduced after 2 weeks of treatment (p=0.032) in group A. There was no significance in plaque pH value before and after the treatment in any group. Daily funoran-containing xylitol chewing gum application significantly reduced the dental plaque volume and caries pathogen counts in the oral cavity, suggesting that the use of funoran-containing xylitol chewing gum may be a useful adjunct for caries control.
“Choose your language!” Categorisation and control in cyberspace / “Wählen Sie Ihre Sprache!” Kategorisierung und Herrschaft im Cyberspace / « Choisissez votre langue! » Catégorisation et contrôle dans l’espace cyber
Authors: Kelly-Holmes Helen 
Published: November 2013

Die Mehrsprachigkeit hat sich zu einem häufig vorkommenden Tropus von Marken entwickelt, die durch dot.com und Gateway-Websites eine globale Präsenz demonstrieren wollen. Mehr und mehr Unternehmen, Gruppen und Medien-Organisationen stellen eine wachsende Anzahl von Sprachen zur Wahl, um auf der einen Seite sich als global zu qualifizieren und auf der anderen Seite Dienste in der “eigenen” Sprache des Kunden anzubieten. Technologische Entwicklungen bedeuten nun, dass mehrsprachige Dienst- leistungen nicht nur möglich sind, sondern auch in den neuen Medien erwartet werden. Wie Heller (2008: 505) uns sagt, „die Grenzen der Nutzbarkeit von festen soziologischen oder linguistischen Variablen oder von festen Entsprechungen zwischen Sprache (verstanden als ein ganzes, beschränktes System), individueller sozialer Stellung innerhalb stabiler Gemeinschaften und Grenzen von Gemeinschaften“ werden zunehmend von Forschern anerkannt. Dennoch informiert weiterhin eine Beschäftigung mit „Homogenität und territorialer Verankerung“ (Heller 2008: 207) die mehrsprachige Dienstleistung im „grenzenlosen“ Cyberspace. Die Verhängung von Ordnung in einer mehrsprachigen Welt durch das Ausrichten auf bestimmte Sprachen mit festen geografischen Gebieten geht weiter. Dieses Phänomen steht im Gegensatz zu ungeregelten Praktiken auf Web 2.0, welche Hybridität und Heteroglossie reflektieren. Diese stehen auch im Gegensatz zu festen Kategorisierungen und zu Versuchen, sprachliches Verhalten zu regulieren (vgl. Androutsopoulos 2011).In diesem Artikel stütze ich mich auf frühere eigen|e Arbeiten (Kelly-Holmes 2006), um die Dienstleistung mit und Verwaltung von Sprachen auf einer Reihe von globalen Gateway-Websites zu untersuchen und zu sehen, wie solche Praktiken herrschende Sprachideologien verstärken und/oder herausfordem. Diese Ideologien versuchen, eine saubere Trennung der Sprachen und ihrer Sprecher in Form von diskreten Paarungen herzustellen (Heller 2008: 510f.).
Dilemmas of Estonian nation building in the open media market / Probleme estnischer Nationsbildung im offenen Medienmarkt / L’édification de la nation et le libre marché des médias en Estonie: problèmes et défis
Authors: Vihalemm Triin , Hogan-Brun Gabrielle 
Published: November 2013

Die Mediennutzung in Estland hat sich als resistent erwiesen gegen die Etablierung des Estnischen als gemeinsamer Sprache im öffentlichen Raum. Bis zum heutigen Tag nutzt die russischsprachige Minderheit Estlands meist Medien in russischer Sprache. Die Sprachgrenze zeigt sich auch in den Praktiken der inhaltlichen Wahl gruppenspezifischer Medien sowie auf staatlicher Ebene (Republik Estland vs. Russische Föderation). Somit ist die Informationssphäre nicht nur in sprachlich, sondern auch inhaltlich in unterschiedliche Subsysteme aufgeteilt.Qualitative Studien zeigen, dass verschiedene Bottom-up- und Top-down- Mechanismen diese zweisprachige und ideologisch heterogene Informationssphäre stets neu reproduzieren. Die sprachlich und politisch gespaltene öffentliche Informationssphäre sieht sich ständig dem Dilemma gegenüber, einerseits Zugang zu praktischen und ideologischen Informationen zu gewährleisten und andererseits die Nationalsprache zu etablieren. Die estnischen Machteliten versuchen beide, oft widersprüchlichen Ziele zu erreichen. Wir diskutieren diesbezügliche Strategien unter dem Gesichtspunkt sowohl sprachzentrierter Nationsbildung als auch der Vielfalt globalisierten Medienkonsums.