bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Late Cretaceous to Cenozoic geodynamic evolution of the Atlantic margin offshore Essaouira (Morocco)
Authors: Neumaier Martin , Back Stefan , Littke Ralf , Kukla Peter A. , Schnabel Michael , Reichert Christian 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAfter Mesozoic rifting, the Atlantic margin of Morocco has recorded the consequences of the continental collision between Africa and Europe and the relative northward motion of the African plate over the Canary Island hotspot during Cenozoic times. Interpretation of recently acquired 2D seismic reflection data (MIRROR 2011 experiment) presents new insights into the Late Cretaceous to recent geodynamic evolution of this margin. Crustal uplift presumably started during the Late Cretaceous and triggered regional tilting in the deep‐water margin west of Essaouira and the formation of the Base Tertiary Unconformity (BTU). An associated hiatus in sedimentation is interpreted to have started earlier in the north (presumably in the Cenomanian at well location DSDP 416) and propagated to the south (presumably in the Coniacian at well location DSDP 415). The difference in the total duration of this hiatus is postulated to have controlled the extrusion of Late Triassic to Early Jurassic salt during the Late Cretaceous to Early Palaeocene non‐depositional period, resulting in regional differences in the preservation of salt structures: the Agadir Basin in the south of the study area is dominated by salt diapirs, whereas massive canopies characterised the Ras Tafelnay Plateau farther north and salt‐poor canopies and weld structures the northernmost offshore Essaouira and Safi Basins. Accompanied by volcanic intrusions, a presumably Early Palaeogene reactivation of previously existing basement faults is interpreted to have formed a series of deep‐water anticlines with associated gravity deformation of shallow‐seated sediments. The orientation of the fold axes is roughly perpendicular to the present day coast and the extensional fault direction; therefore, not a coast‐line parallel pattern of extensional faults, related to the rifting and break‐up of the margin, but rather a coast‐line perpendicular oceanic fracture zone might have caused the basement faults associated with the deep‐water folds. Both the volcanic intrusions and the formation of the deep‐water anticlines show a comparable age trend which gets progressively younger towards the south. A potential tempo‐spatial relationship of the BTU and the reactivation of basement faults can be explained by the relative northward motion of the African plate over the Canary Island hotspot. Regional uplift producing the BTU could have been the precursor of the approaching hotspot during the Late Cretaceous, followed during the Early Palaeogene by a locally more pronounced uplift above the hotspot centre.
Circulating mitochondrial DNA in serum of patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Authors: Surmiak M P , Hubalewska-Mazgaj M , Wawrzycka-Adamczyk K , Szczeklik W , Musiał J , Sanak M 
Published: March 2015

Summary
Neutrophil is a key cell in pathophysiology of granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Recently, neutrophil extracellular traps were described in this disease. Mitochondrial DNA is also released during traps formation. We measured circulating cell-free mitochondrial and genomic DNA in serum of patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Subjects with the disease (14 active and 11 in remission stage) and 10 healthy controls were enrolled. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to measure 79 base pairs (bp) and 230 bp mtDNA fragments. Alu repeats were quantified to evaluate abundance of nuclear DNA in serum at the presence of plasmid control. Both fragments of mtDNA (79 bp and 230 bp) and genomic DNA were elevated significantly in granulomatosis with polyangiitis compared to controls. Only the shorter 79bp mtDNA correlated with active stage of granulomatosis with polyangiitis and clinical symptoms. A mechanism of extracellular release of mitochondrial DNA accompanies the active stage of the disease. Circulating mtDNA is extremely high in untreated patients. This suggests that biomarker properties of mtDNA are useful for monitoring of treatment.
Informed Consent with Children and Young People in Social Research: Is There Scope for Innovation?
Authors: Parsons Sarah , Sherwood Gina , Abbott Chris 
Published: March 2015

Over 20 years of research has enhanced our understanding about the methodological and ethical benefits and challenges of involving children and young people in research. Concurrently, the increasing bureaucratisation of research ethics governance within UK universities has reified expectations about the methods used to gain informed consent for research participation. This paper explores how social researchers in the UK are navigating this tension and whether there is any scope for innovation through the use of technologies in how children and young people provide informed consent to take part in research. We conclude there is a need for the co‐creation of research information with children and young people and greater transparency by sharing creative solutions.
Effect of body mass index on maternal morbidity following peripartum hysterectomy
Authors: Wortman A. C. , Hernandez J. S. , Holcomb D. S. , Wilson K. L. , McIntire D. D. , Sheffield J. S. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryThe objective of this study was to estimate the impact of maternal body mass index (BMI) on maternal morbidity following unscheduled peripartum hysterectomy. A retrospective cohort study of consecutive peripartum hysterectomies at our institution from 1988 through 2012; scheduled hysterectomies were excluded. Medical records were reviewed and maternal, foetal and surgical data collected for each subject. Maternal BMI was categorized by the National Institute of Health classifications for overweight and obese. Statistical analyses included evaluation for trend. A total of 360 774 women delivered at Parkland Hospital during the study period with 665 (1.8 per 1000 deliveries) unscheduled peripartum hysterectomies performed. BMI was available for 635 women. Gestational diabetes, chronic hypertension and pregnancy‐related hypertension were significantly higher in all three obesity categories, P = < 0.01. Post‐partum complications, such as venous thrombosis and composite surgical morbidity did not differ among BMI groups. Estimated blood loss and units transfused did not differ across the BMI categories, P = 0.42 and P = 0.38, respectively. Increasing BMI was associated with longer surgical times and more wound infections, P = 0.01. These complications should be considered when approaching a peripartum hysterectomy in patients with obesity.
Failure to Obtain Reinstatement of an Olfactory Representation
Authors: Mahmut Mehmet K. , Stevenson Richard J. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIt has long been suspected that attentional processes differ between olfaction and the other senses. Here, we test whether voluntary dishabituation, seen, for example, when we re‐attend to the ticking of a clock, can occur in olfaction. Participants were seated in an odorized room, where at various intervals they had to evaluate what they could smell. An experimental group had one nostril open and the other closed, except during the evaluations, so that the closed side was subject to centrally driven habituation, but not peripheral adaptation. A control group had both nostrils closed except during evaluations. Following exposure, the experimental group could not report the room's odor in either the centrally habituated nostril (i.e., that remained closed) or the nostril that remained open, while the control group could. This effect could result from a number of causes, including olfaction's unique neuroanatomy, functional constraints imposed by detecting volatile chemicals, and as a consequence of limited cortical resources, with implications for the functional value of consciousness.
Alcohol use among immigrants in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Agic Branka , Mann Robert E. , Tuck Andrew , Ialomiteanu Anca , Bondy Susan , Simich Laura , Ilie Gabriela 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIntroduction and AimsThis study examined prevalence of alcohol consumption among immigrants and the Canadian‐born populations of Ontario by ethnic origin, and the association between ethnicity, country of birth, age at arrival, length of residence in Canada and drinking measures.Design and MethodsData were derived from the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) Monitor, a cross‐sectional survey of Ontario adults, conducted between January 2005 and December 2010 (n = 13 557).ResultsThe prevalence of alcohol consumption and risk drinking was generally lower among foreign‐born than Canadian‐born respondents, but significant variations across ethnic groups were found. In general, foreign‐born respondents of European descent reported higher rates of alcohol use and risk drinking than foreign‐born respondents from other ethnic groups. We also observed that ethnicity effects varied by whether or not respondents were born in Canada, and by the age at which they arrived in Canada.Discussion and ConclusionsWhile previous studies generally found an increase in immigrants' alcohol consumption with years in Canada, our data suggest that longer duration of residence may have either positive or negative effects on immigrants' alcohol use, depending on the country of origin/traditional drinking pattern. More research is needed to explore determinants of alcohol use and risk drinking among immigrants and to identify those groups at highest risk. [Agic B, Mann RE, Tuck A, Ialomiteanu A, Bondy S, Simich L, Ilie G. Drug Alcohol Rev 2016;35:196–205]
Affective matching of odors and facial expressions in infants: shifting patterns between 3 and 7 months
Authors: Godard Ornella , Baudouin Jean‐Yves , Schaal Benoist , Durand Karine 
Published: March 2015

AbstractRecognition of emotional facial expressions is a crucial skill for adaptive behavior. Past research suggests that at 5 to 7 months of age, infants look longer to an unfamiliar dynamic angry/happy face which emotionally matches a vocal expression. This suggests that they can match stimulations of distinct modalities on their emotional content. In the present study, olfaction–vision matching abilities were assessed across different age groups (3, 5 and 7 months) using dynamic expressive faces (happy vs. disgusted) and distinct hedonic odor contexts (pleasant, unpleasant and control) in a visual‐preference paradigm. At all ages the infants were biased toward the disgust faces. This visual bias reversed into a bias for smiling faces in the context of the pleasant odor context in the 3‐month‐old infants. In infants aged 5 and 7 months, no effect of the odor context appeared in the present conditions. This study highlights the role of the olfactory context in the modulation of visual behavior toward expressive faces in infants. The influence of olfaction took the form of a contingency effect in 3‐month‐old infants, but later evolved to vanish or to take another form that could not be evidenced in the present study.
Electrophysiological measures of resting state functional connectivity and their relationship with working memory capacity in childhood
Authors: Barnes Jessica J. , Woolrich Mark W. , Baker Kate , Colclough Giles L. , Astle Duncan E. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractFunctional connectivity is the statistical association of neuronal activity time courses across distinct brain regions, supporting specific cognitive processes. This coordination of activity is likely to be highly important for complex aspects of cognition, such as the communication of fluctuating task goals from higher‐order control regions to lower‐order, functionally specific regions. Some of these functional connections are identifiable even when relevant cognitive tasks are not being performed (i.e. at rest). We used magnetoencephalographic recordings projected into source space to demonstrate that resting state networks in childhood have electrophysiological underpinnings that are evident in the spontaneous fluctuations of oscillatory brain activity. Using the temporal structure of these oscillatory patterns we were able to identify a number of functional resting state networks analogous to those reported in the adult literature. In a second analysis we fused this dynamic temporal information with the spatial information from a functional magnetic resonance imaging analysis of functional connectivity, to demonstrate that inter‐subject variability in these electrophysiological measures of functional connectivity is correlated with individual differences in cognitive ability: the strength of connectivity between a fronto‐parietal network and lower‐level processing areas in inferior temporal cortex was associated with spatial working memory capacity, as measured outside the scanner with educationally relevant standardized assessments. This study represents the first exploration of the electrophysiological mechanisms underpinning resting state functional connectivity in source space in childhood, and the extent to which the strength of particular connections is associated with cognitive ability.
Sex differences and effects of prenatal exposure to excess testosterone on ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons in adult sheep
Authors: Brown Erinna C. Z. , Steadman Casey J. , Lee Theresa M. , Padmanabhan Vasantha , Lehman Michael N. , Coolen Lique M. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPrenatal testosterone (T) excess in sheep results in a wide array of reproductive neuroendocrine deficits and alterations in motivated behavior. The ventral tegmental area (VTA) plays a critical role in reward and motivated behaviors and is hypothesised to be targeted by prenatal T. Here we report a sex difference in the number VTA dopamine cells in the adult sheep, with higher numbers of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)‐immunoreactive (‐ir) cells in males than females. Moreover, prenatal exposure to excess T during either gestational days 30–90 or 60–90 resulted in increased numbers of VTA TH‐ir cells in adult ewes compared to control females. Stereological analysis confirmed significantly greater numbers of neurons in the VTA of males and prenatal T‐treated ewes, which was primarily accounted for by greater numbers of TH‐ir cells. In addition, immunoreactivity for TH in the cells was denser in males and prenatal T‐treated females, suggesting that sex differences and prenatal exposure to excess T affects both numbers of cells expressing TH and the protein levels within dopamine cells. Sex differences were also noted in numbers of TH‐ir cells in the substantia nigra, with more cells in males than females. However, prenatal exposure to excess T did not affect numbers of TH‐ir cells in the substantia nigra, suggesting that this sex difference is organised independently of prenatal actions of T. Together, these results demonstrate sex differences in the sheep VTA dopamine system which are mimicked by prenatal treatment with excess T.
The Effectiveness of the Within Our Reach Relationship Education Program for Couples: Findings from a Federal Randomized Trial
Authors: Rhoades Galena K. 
Published: March 2015

This study examined the effectiveness of a couple‐based relationship education program, Within Our Reach. Secondary data (n = 3,609) were analyzed from the federal Supporting Healthy Marriage project. Couples were randomly assigned to receive Within Our Reach and associated services or to a no‐treatment (treatment‐as‐usual) control group. Those assigned to Within Our Reach reported better couple and individual outcomes on 8 of 12 outcomes measured (M ES = .15) at the 12‐month follow‐up and 6 of 10 outcomes measured at the 30‐month follow‐up (M ES = .14), including higher relationship happiness, more warmth and support, more positive communication, less negative behavior and emotion, less psychological abuse, less physical assault (for men), lower psychological distress (for women), and less infidelity. They were also less likely to report that their marriage was in trouble. These effects were generally small in size and many were replicated across the two follow‐ups. There were no significant differences between those assigned to Within Our Reach versus control on cooperative parenting, severe psychological assault, or percent married. Implications for future research, programming, and policy are discussed.
Winter warming as an important co‐driver for Betula nana growth in western Greenland during the past century
Authors: Hollesen Jørgen , Buchwal Agata , Rachlewicz Grzegorz , Hansen Birger U. , Hansen Marc O. , Stecher Ole , Elberling Bo 
Published: March 2015

AbstractGrowing season conditions are widely recognized as the main driver for tundra shrub radial growth, but the effects of winter warming and snow remain an open question. Here, we present a more than 100 years long Betula nana ring‐width chronology from Disko Island in western Greenland that demonstrates a highly significant and positive growth response to both summer and winter air temperatures during the past century. The importance of winter temperatures for Betula nana growth is especially pronounced during the periods from 1910–1930 to 1990–2011 that were dominated by significant winter warming. To explain the strong winter importance on growth, we assessed the importance of different environmental factors using site‐specific measurements from 1991 to 2011 of soil temperatures, sea ice coverage, precipitation and snow depths. The results show a strong positive growth response to the amount of thawing and growing degree‐days as well as to winter and spring soil temperatures. In addition to these direct effects, a strong negative growth response to sea ice extent was identified, indicating a possible link between local sea ice conditions, local climate variations and Betula nana growth rates. Data also reveal a clear shift within the last 20 years from a period with thick snow depths (1991–1996) and a positive effect on Betula nana radial growth, to a period (1997–2011) with generally very shallow snow depths and no significant growth response towards snow. During this period, winter and spring soil temperatures have increased significantly suggesting that the most recent increase in Betula nana radial growth is primarily triggered by warmer winter and spring air temperatures causing earlier snowmelt that allows the soils to drain and warm quicker. The presented results may help to explain the recently observed ‘greening of the Arctic’ which may further accelerate in future years due to both direct and indirect effects of winter warming.
Oral health and dental care in aged care facilities in New South Wales, Australia. Part 3 concordance between residents’ perceptions and a professional dental examination
Authors: Webb Bettine C , Whittle Terry , Schwarz Eli 
Published: March 2015

ObjectivesTo determine the perceptions of dental care held by the residents in aged care facilities (ACFs) in New South Wales (NSW) and to compare these perceptions with clinical observations.BackgroundNo specific data exist relating to NSW residents’ perceptions of dental care compared with a clinical examination. Planning for appropriate oral health programs in ACFs necessitate such data.Materials and methodsFour Area Health Services of Sydney and 25 low care ACFs were selected from which representative residents were sampled who completed a survey and underwent a basic dental examination.ResultsOf the subjects (25 males, 96 females), 76.9% had never received a dental visit as entering the ACF; 14.1% suffered from dental pain; 69.4% wore dentures and of these 18.3% required assistance in cleaning. Dentures were cleaned twice/day in 54.9% of cases. Natural teeth were reported present in 71.9% of residents, and 85.1% did not require assistance in cleaning. Appropriate dental care facilities and dry mouth were most frequent problems highlighted. Clinical examinations showed that 69% were denture wearers; oral hygiene and denture hygiene were considered good in 15.7% of cases. A high level of concordance existed between self‐reports and examination.ConclusionsIncreased awareness about oral health across leadership, caregivers and residents with appropriate dental health education and dedicated space within facilities would provide a much needed improvement for addressing oral health issues of the ACF residents. This might be the right time to plan for the future challenges that will need to be met by the NSW care system.
Density and isothermal compressibility of supercritical H2O–NaCl fluid: molecular dynamics study from 673 to 2000 K, 0.2 to 2 GPa, and 0 to 22 wt% NaCl concentrations
Authors: Sakuma H. , Ichiki M. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe report on molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for predicting the density and isothermal compressibility of an H2O–NaCl fluid as a function of temperature (673–2000 K), pressure (0.2–2.0 GPa), and salt concentration (0.0–21.9 wt%). The atomistic behavior was analyzed via the hydration number of ions and number of ion pairs. Hydration numbers of Na+ and Cl− increased with increasing pressure and decreasing temperature. Conversely, the fraction of Na–Cl ion pairs increased with decreasing pressure and increasing temperature. This hydration and association behavior is consistent with the low dielectric constant of H2O under these conditions. The presence of polynuclear clusters of Na–Cl was confirmed at high temperatures, low pressures, and high salt concentrations. We propose a purely empirical equation of state (EoS) for H2O–NaCl fluids under high temperatures and pressures that should be useful for estimating the fluid distribution in Earth's crust and upper mantle in relation to effects on earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
Feasibility and accuracy of computational robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy planning by virtual partial nephrectomy analysis
Authors: Isotani Shuji , Shimoyama Hirofumi , Yokota Isao , China Toshiyuki , Hisasue Shin‐ichi , Ide Hisamitsu , Muto Satoru , Yamaguchi Raizo , Ukimura Osamu , Horie Shigeo 
Published: March 2015

ObjectivesTo evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of virtual partial nephrectomy analysis, including a color‐coded three‐dimensional virtual surgical planning and a quantitative functional analysis, in predicting the surgical outcomes of robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy.MethodsBetween 2012 and 2014, 20 patients underwent virtual partial nephrectomy analysis before undergoing robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy. Virtual partial nephrectomy analysis was carried out with the following steps: (i) evaluation of the arterial branch for selective clamping by showing the vascular‐supplied area; (ii) simulation of the optimal surgical margin in precise segmented three‐dimensional model for prediction of collecting system opening; and (iii) detailed volumetric analyses and estimates of postoperative renal function based on volumetric change. At operation, the surgeon identified the targeted artery and determined the surgical margin according to the virtual partial nephrectomy analysis. The surgical outcomes between the virtual partial nephrectomy analysis and the actual robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy were compared.ResultsAll 20 patients had negative cancer surgical margins and no urological complications. The tumor‐specific renal arterial supply areas were shown in color‐coded three‐dimensional model visualization in all cases. The prediction value of collecting system opening was 85.7% for sensitivity and 100% for specificity. The predicted renal resection volume was significantly correlated with actual resected specimen volume (r2 = 0.745, P < 0.001). The predicted estimated glomerular filtration rate was significantly correlated with actual postoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate (r2 = 0.736, P < 0.001).ConclusionsVirtual partial nephrectomy analysis is able to provide the identification of tumor‐specific renal arterial supply, prediction of collecting system opening and prediction of postoperative renal function. This technique might allow urologists to compare various arterial clamping methods and resection margins with surgical outcomes in a non‐invasive manner.