bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activation of α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Inhibits Hepatic Necroptosis and Ameliorates Acute Liver Injury in Mice
Authors: Xu Fang-Fang , Li Zi-Chen , Zhang Wen-Jing , Li Qiao , Li Dong-Jie , Meng Hong-Bo , Shen Fu-Ming , Fu Hui 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Acute liver injury is a disease characterized by severe liver dysfunction, caused by significant infiltration of immune cells and extensive cell death with a high mortality. Previous studies demonstrated that the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) played a crucial role in various liver diseases. The hypothesis of this study was that activating α7nAChR could alleviate acute liver injury and investigate its possible mechanisms.

Methods:
Acute liver injury was induced by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/D-galactosamine (D-Gal) in wild type, α7nAChR knockout (α7nAChR-/-) and stimulator of interferon gene (STING) mutation (Sting

gt

/gt
) mice in the presence or absence of a pharmacologic selective α7nAChR agonist (PNU-282987). The effects of α7nAChR on hepatic injury, inflammatory response, mitochondrial damage, necroptosis, and infiltration of immune cells during acute liver injury were assessed.

Results:
The expression of α7nAChR in liver tissue was increased in LPS/D-Gal–induced acute liver injury mice. Compared to the age-matched wild-type mice, α7nAChR deficiency decreased the survival rate, exacerbated the hepatic injury accompanied with enhanced inflammatory response and oxidative stress, and aggravated hepatic mitochondrial damage and necroptosis. Conversely, pharmacologic activation of α7nAChR by PNU-282987 displayed the opposite trends. Furthermore, PNU-282987 significantly reduced the proportion of infiltrating monocyte-derived macrophages (CD45+CD11bhiF4/80int), M1 macrophages (CD45+CD11b+F4/80+CD86hiCD163low), and Ly6Chi monocytes (CD45+CD11b+MHC [major histocompatibility complex] ⅡlowLy6Chi), but increased the resident Kupffer cells (CD45+CD11bintF4/80hiTIM4hi) in the damaged hepatic tissues caused by LPS/D-Gal. Interestingly, α7nAChR deficiency promoted the STING signaling pathway under LPS/D-Gal stimulation, while PNU-282987 treatment significantly prevented its activation. Finally, it was found that Sting mutation abolished the protective effects against hepatic injury by activating α7nAChR.

Conclusions:
The authors' study revealed that activating α7nAChR could protect against LPS/D-Gal–induced acute liver injury by inhibiting hepatic inflammation and necroptosis possibly via regulating immune cells infiltration and inhibiting STING signaling pathway.
Association Between IV Contrast Media Exposure and Acute Kidney Injury in Patients Requiring Emergency Admission: A Nationwide Observational Study in Japan
Authors: Hisamune Ryo , Yamakawa Kazuma , Umemura Yutaka , Ushio Noritaka , Mochizuki Katsunori , Inokuchi Ryota , Doi Kent , Takasu Akira 
Published: August 2024

OBJECTIVE:
This study aimed to elucidate the association between IV contrast media CT and acute kidney injury (AKI) and in-hospital mortality among patients requiring emergency admission.

DESIGN:
In this retrospective observational study, we examined AKI within 48 hours after CT, renal replacement therapy (RRT) dependence at discharge, and in-hospital mortality in patients undergoing contrast-enhanced CT or nonenhanced CT. We performed 1:1 propensity score matching to adjust for confounders in the association between IV contrast media use and outcomes. Subgroup analyses were performed according to age, sex, diagnosis at admission, ICU admission, and preexisting chronic kidney disease (CKD).

SETTING AND PATIENTS:
This study used the Medical Data Vision database between 2008 and 2019. This database is Japan’s largest commercially available hospital-based claims database, covering about 45% of acute-care hospitals in Japan, and it also records laboratory results.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
The study included 144,149 patients with (49,057) and without (95,092) contrast media exposure, from which 43,367 propensity score-matched pairs were generated. Between the propensity score-matched groups of overall patients, exposure to contrast media showed no significant risk of AKI (4.6% vs. 5.1%; odds ratio [OR], 0.899; 95% CI, 0.845–0.958) or significant risk of RRT dependence (0.6% vs. 0.4%; OR, 1.297; 95% CI, 1.070–1.574) and significant benefit for in-hospital mortality (5.4% vs. 6.5%; OR, 0.821; 95% CI, 0.775–0.869). In subgroup analyses regarding preexisting CKD, exposure to contrast media was a significant risk for AKI in patients with CKD but not in those without CKD.

CONCLUSIONS:
In this large-scale observational study, IV contrast media was not associated with an increased risk of AKI but concurrently showed beneficial effects on in-hospital mortality among patients requiring emergency admission.
Treatment satisfaction, unmet needs, and new treatment expectations for vasomotor symptoms due to menopause: women's and physicians' opinions
Authors: DePree Barbara J. , Shiozawa Aki , Kim Janet , Wang Yao , Yang Hongbo , Mancuso Shayna 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective
To assess treatment satisfaction, unmet treatment needs, and new vasomotor symptom (VMS) treatment expectations among women with moderate to severe VMS and physicians treating women with VMS.

Methods
This noninterventional, nonrandomized survey included qualitative interviews and quantitative surveys of women and physicians in the US. Participating women had moderate to severe VMS in the past year and received ≥1 hormone therapy (HT), non-HT, or over-the-counter (OTC) treatment for VMS in the past 3 months. Participating physicians were obstetrician-gynecologists (OB-GYNs) and primary care physicians (PCPs) who treated ≥15 women with VMS in the past 3 months. Two online survey questionnaires were developed using insights from literature, qualitative interviews, and clinical experts. Menopause Symptoms Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (MS-TSQ) measured treatment satisfaction. Results were summarized descriptively.

Results
Questionnaires were completed by 401 women with VMS and 207 physicians treating VMS. Among women, mean total MS-TSQ score ranges were 62.8-67.3 for HT, 59.8-69.7 for non-HT, and 58.0-64.9 for OTC treatments. Among physicians, mean total MS-TSQ scores were considerably higher for HT than for non-HT and OTC treatments (HT: 73.4-75.6; non-HT: 55.6-62.1; OTC: 49.2-54.7). Women reported “lack of effectiveness” (41.2%), and physicians reported “long-term safety concerns” (56.5%) as main features that do not meet their current treatment expectations. The majority of women and physicians would consider trying a new non-HT treatment for VMS (75.8 and 75.9%, respectively).

Conclusions
Treatment satisfaction and new treatment expectations were similar but with some differences between women and physicians; the need for additional treatments for VMS was identified.
A Systematic Review of the Completion of Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs for Adults Aged 18-50 Years
Authors: Jansson Anna K. , Schumacher Tracy L. , Kocanda Lucy , Whatnall Megan , Fenwick Matthew , Betts Dimity , Bauman Adrian , Kerr Jane , Duncan Mitch J. , Collins Clare E. , Boyle Andrew , Inder Kerry J. , Plotnikoff Ronald C. 
Published: August 2024

Objective:
To perform a systematic review of completion rates of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) in adults aged 18 to 50 yr and describe how core components were reported, measured, and tailored to those under 50 yr.

Review Methods:
Database search of MEDLINE, Embase, Emcare, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library based on keywords, including articles from January 1, 1990. The last search was performed on April 21, 2023. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses protocol, eligible articles contained adults (aged between 18 and 50 yr) who had participated in a CR program.

Summary:
Out of the articles screened (n = 24,517), 33 reports across 31 independent studies were considered eligible (n = 1958 patients aged ≤50 yr). Cardiac rehabilitation completion rates ranged from 64% to 100%; however, only 5 studies presented a completion rate definition. The length of the program ranged from 7 d to 20 wk, with most (65%) ranging between 6 and 12 wk. While the studies included in this systematic review indicated relatively high rates of completing CR, these are likely to overrepresent the true completion rates as few definitions were provided that could be compared to completion rates used in clinical practice. This systematic review also found that all interventions prescribed exercise (eg, aerobic alone or combined with resistance training or yoga) but had very limited inclusion or description of other integral components of CR (eg, initial assessment and smoking cessation) or how they were assessed and individualized to meet the needs of younger attendees.
Association Between Exercise Systolic Blood Pressure and Risk of Stroke in Men With and Without Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Jae Sae Young , Gwon Jun Gyo , Kurl Sudhir , Kunutsor Setor K. , Laukkanen Jari A. 
Published: August 2024

Purpose:
We tested the hypothesis that an exaggerated exercise systolic blood pressure (ESBP) would be associated with the risk of stroke in men with and without a history of cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Methods:
An ESBP was defined as a maximal systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 210 mmHg during graded exercise testing on a stationary bike until volitional fatigue in 2410 men aged 42 to 61 yr at baseline.

Results:
Over a median 27-yr follow-up, 419 incident stroke events occurred. In a multivariable adjusted model, men with an ESBP had a significantly increased risk of stroke in the entire cohort (HR = 1.41: 95% CI, 1.15-1.74). This association was still significant following further adjustment for resting SBP (HR = 1.25: 95% CI, 1.01-1.56). In subgroup analysis, ESBP was modestly associated with an increased risk of stroke in men with a history of CVD (HR = 1.37: 95% CI, 0.98-1.93), with no strong evidence of an association in men without a history of CVD (HR = 1.20: 95% CI, 0.90-1.60).

Conclusions:
These findings suggest that the heightened risk of stroke related to ESBP response in a general population-based sample of men may be primarily driven by a history of CVD. The results underscore the importance of considering exercise blood pressure response when interpreting stress tests, particularly in individuals with pre-existing CVD.
Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) to Uncover Insights From Breast Cancer Patients’ Perceptions to Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) Interventions
Authors: Chang Yun-Chen , Wu Chien-Hung , Lupo Roberto , Botti Stefano , Conte Luana , Vitone Marcello , Massafra Raffaella , De Nunzio Giorgio , Vitale Elsa 
Published: August 2024

The study’s central objective is to harness the power of generative Artificial Intelligence (AI), in particular based on Large Language Models, as a valuable resource for delving deeper into the insights offered by patients with breast cancer (BC) who actively participated in a Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program. In a 6-week MBSR program, each session lasted 2 hours and encompassed a range of techniques, including sitting meditation, body scan, Hatha yoga, and walking meditation. A total of 25 participants were enrolled in the study. The majority of these participants reported a high level of satisfaction with the mindfulness course. The application of generative AI enabled a comprehensive analysis of the participants’ responses, revealing distinct subgroups among them. The MBSR program was found to be beneficial for most participants, serving as a valuable tool in managing the psychological stresses associated with BC.
Patient-reported outcome measures after laparoscopic totally extra-peritoneal versus open anterior repair of inguinal hernia
Authors: Bartolotta Vittorio , Cicconi Simone , Marziali Irene , Scalone Giancarla , Marilungo Fabio , Guercioni Gianluca , Catarci Marco 
Published: August 2024

Background:
This prospective single-center case-control study evaluates the differences in patient-reported outcomes between endoscopic totally extraperitoneal (TEP) and open anterior repair (OR) of inguinal hernia.

Methods:
Seventy-two patients scheduled for elective inguinal hernia repair were divided into 2 groups: the OR group (35 patients) and the TEP group (37 patients). All but 1 patient filled out the questionnaire during their preoperative consultation and at 1–3–6–12 months postoperative follow-up.

Results:
A unilateral hernia was present in all the patients of the open group and in 10 patients (27%) of the TEP group (P < 0.001). At 1 and at 3 months, significantly more patients in the TEP group reported no pain (59.5% vs 29.5%, P = 0.03; 75.7% vs 47.1%, P = 0.02), did not have any groin problems interfering with work activity (67.6% vs 32.3%, P = 0.04; 78.4% vs 50.0%, P = 0.02), and felt very satisfied about surgery (78.4% vs 41.2%, P = 0.01; 83.8% vs 64.7%, P = 0.04). At 1 month, significantly more patients in the OR group cut down on the usual things (55.9% vs 5.4%, P < 0.001) and did not work (53% vs 8.1%, P < 0.001) for more than 21 days for their groin problems. At 1,3, 6 and 12 months follow-up, significantly more patients in the TEP group perceived that the operation helped them (86.5% vs 50%, P = 0.003; 94.6% vs 61.8%, P = 0.001; 91.9% vs 70.5%, P = 0.02; 91.9% vs 73.6%, P = 0.035).

Conclusions:
TEP is characterized by a significant improvement in patient-reported outcomes measures, with clear advantages regarding quality of life and recovery rate, in comparison with traditional OR.
The mitochondrial division inhibitor Mdivi-1 protected organ function and extended the treatment window in rats with uncontrolled haemorrhagic shock
Authors: Hu Yi , Fang He , Tan Lei , She Han , Du Yuanlin , Zhu Yu , Wu Yue , Liu Liangming , Li Tao 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Aim
To elucidate whether the application of the mitochondrial division inhibitor Mdivi-1 can protect organ function and prolong the treatment window for traumatic hemorrhagic shock.

Methods
Before definitive haemostasis treatment, Mdivi-1 (0.25 mg/kg, 0.5 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg) was administered to uncontrolled haemorrhagic shock (UHS) model rats. Lactate Ringer’s solution plus hydroxyethyl starch (130/0.4) was used as a control. The effects of Mdivi-1 on blood loss, fluid demand, survival time, vital organ function, myocardial mitochondrial structure, and mitochondrial function of the heart, liver, kidney and intestine, and oxidative stress at 1 hour after hypotensive resuscitation (50–60 mmHg) were investigated. In addition, we investigated the effect of varying doses of Mdivi-1 on the maintenance time of hypotensive resuscitation without definitive haemostasis and the beneficial effect of Mdivi-1 after prolonging the duration of hypotensive resuscitation to 2 hours.

Results
Compared to conventional resuscitative fluid, Mdivi-1 significantly reduced blood loss and fluid demand, improved important organ functions during hypotensive resuscitation, improved animal survival and reduced the incidence of early death. Mdivi-1 significantly alleviated oxidative stress injury, reduced mitochondrial damage and restored myocardial mitochondrial structure and mitochondrial function of the heart, liver, kidney and intestine. In addition, Mdivi-1 increased the maintenance time of hypotensive resuscitation and improved rat survival after the duration of hypotensive resuscitation was prolonged to 2 h.

Conclusions
Mdivi-1 significantly prolonged the treatment window for traumatic hemorrhagic shock to 2 hours in UHS model rats. The underlying mechanism may be that Mdivi-1 inhibits excessive mitochondrial fission and oxidative stress and improves the structure and function of mitochondria.
Epileptiform Discharges Recorded as Monopoles and Dipoles in the EEG: A Practical Approach to Differentiate Tangential and Radial Generators Using Electrode Position Versus Voltage Graphs
Authors: Garcia-Losarcos Naiara , Hongxuyang Yu , Thyagaraj Suraj , Hampson Johnson P. , Lüders Hans 
Published: August 2024

Summary:
Differentiating dipoles (tangential generators) from monopoles (radial generators) in routine EEG reading can be difficult. The polarity of sharp waves seen on surface EEG will change depending on the generator being located at the wall of the sulcus versus the crown of a gyrus. In this article, the authors introduce visual rules that may be used to determine polarity and estimate the localization of potentials during analysis of the EEG. They also review a practical approach to differentiate monopoles (radial generators) from dipoles (tangential dipoles) in the surface EEG using “electrode position versus voltage graphs.” Finally, the authors illustrate examples of dipoles and monopoles with focal spikes located in the following locations: (1) bipolar spikes located in the anterior bank of the central sulcus, (2) bipolar spikes located in the posterior bank of the central sulcus, (3) monopolar spikes located in the crown of the precentral gyrus, (4) bipolar spikes with a vertically oriented dipole originated within the temporal (inferior) bank of the Sylvian fissure, and (5) monopolar spikes located in the convexity of a temporal gyrus. In summary, this article discusses electrographic features of spikes localized in various fissures and gyri and provides practical rules that permit the identification and location of dipoles and monopoles in standard scalp EEG recordings.
Rethinking HIV care for youth: Insights from qualitative research with youth in Chad
Authors: Bedingar Esias , Paningar Ferdinan , Bedingar Ngarossorang , Mbaidoum Eric , Ngaradoum Naortangar , Atun Rifat , Yousafzai Aisha K. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractYouth ages 15-24 years are significantly impacted by the HIV/AIDS epidemic, representing approximately 37% of new infections globally. This demographic is especially vulnerable in sub-Saharan Africa, where over 80% of HIV-positive youth reside. In Chad, youth face significant barriers to effective HIV care, including high prevalence rates, particularly among young women, and substantial disparities across regions. Despite overall reductions in new HIV infections, youth remain disproportionately affected, necessitating targeted interventions to improve HIV care outcomes. This study employed thematic analysis to conduct a secondary data analysis of previously collected qualitative data. The analysis focused on understanding the pathways to care for youth living with HIV (YLHIV) in Chad, from diagnosis to antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence. Data were collected through focus group discussions with 52 youth and 48 service providers, including healthcare workers and community actors. Grounded theory analysis was used to identify barriers and facilitators to HIV care, with data transcribed, translated, and analyzed assisted with ATLAS.ti software (Version 7.6.3). Youth reported significant barriers, including financial constraints, logistical challenges, and fear of stigma. Facilitators included supportive healthcare providers, peer support, and specialized HIV care facilities. Psychological barriers and lack of awareness were also critical factors influencing HIV testing and care engagement. The study highlighted the importance of tailored, youth-friendly services to improve care outcomes. To address the unique challenges faced by youth in Chad, healthcare services must be redesigned with active youth participation to be more adolescent-friendly and supportive. Interventions should focus on reducing stigma, improving accessibility, and providing continuous psychosocial support. By addressing these barriers, it is possible to enhance the HIV care continuum for youth, ultimately improving their health outcomes and contributing to the broader goal of ending the HIV epidemic.
High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Subtypes Adversely Alter Brain Structure in Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Tensor-Based Morphometry Analysis
Authors: Azargoonjahromi Ali , Ashrafi Mitra , Abroushan Donya , Ramezannezhad Elham , Sadeghi Mohammad , Pooresmaeil Niaki Seyede Roxane , Radmanesh Mehrsa , Haratian Amin , Taki Azin , Nekahi Negar , Moshiri Yeganeh , Rahimi Marzieh , Fadavian Heidar , Mousavi Seyede Maryam , Fard Atousa Moghadam , Mayeli Mahsa 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHigh-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is typically protective for cognitive function due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and vascular health benefits. However, recent studies indicated that certain HDL subtypes might be associated with adverse brain structural changes, commonly seen in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Thus, further research is needed to understand the intricate relationship between HDL levels and brain structure, potentially leading to more effective therapeutic strategies. The current study aimed to investigate the impact of HDL subtypes, such as XL_HDL_P, M_HDL_FC_PCT, M_HDL_P, M_HDL_C, and M_HDL_CE, as well as APOA1, on brain structure in individuals with MCI using tensor-based morphometry (TBM). The study analyzed ADNI data from subjects with at least two serial MRI scans, processed using the Mayo TBM-Symmetric Normalization (SyN) pipeline and SyN for longitudinal measures. The CDR and ADAS scores were used to assess the severity of cognitive impairment and disease progression in our study participants. Significant ROIs were identified from a Mayo Clinic training set, and TBM-SyN scores were computed. The significant correlation was considered with p-values less than 0.05. The study found significant negative effects of several lipoproteins on TBM scores in individuals with MCI. Specifically, XL_HDL_P, with an effect size of - 0.00145 (p=0.029), and M_HDL_FC_PCT, with an effect size of -0.00199 (p=0.0016), were linked to lower TBM scores. Similarly, M_HDL_P (−0.00138, p=0.028), M_HDL_C (−0.00140, p=0.025), M_HDL_CE (−0.00136, p=0.031), and APOA1 (−0.00149, p=0.017) also showed significant associations. These findings indicate that higher levels of HDL subtype cholesterol are significantly associated with reduced TBM scores, suggesting that elevated levels are linked to adverse structural brain changes, such as atrophy, in individuals with MCI, potentially contributing to cognitive decline.