bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Use of Clips to Prevent Post-Polypectomy Bleeding: A Clinical Review
Authors: O’Mara Matthew A. , Emanuel Peter G. , Tabibzadeh Aaron , Duve Robert J. , Galati Jonathan S. , Laynor Gregory , Gross Samantha , Gross Seth A. 
Published: July 2024

Goals:
The goal of this clinical review is to provide an overview of the current literature regarding the utility of prophylactic clips in reducing postpolypectomy bleeding and to provide an expert statement regarding their appropriateness in clinical practice.

Background:
Colonoscopy enables the identification and removal of premalignant and malignant lesions through polypectomy, yet complications including postpolypectomy bleeding (PPB) can arise. While various studies have explored applying clips prophylactically to prevent PPB, their effectiveness remains uncertain.

Study:
A literature search conducted in PubMed and Embase identified 671 publications discussing clip use postpolypectomy; 67 were found to be relevant after screening, reporting outcomes related to PPB. Data related to clip utilization, polyp characteristics, and adverse events were extracted and discussed.

Results:
The current literature suggests that prophylactic clipping is most beneficial for nonpedunculated polyps ≥20 mm, especially those in the proximal colon. The utility of clipping smaller polyps and those in the distal colon remains less clear. Antithrombotic medication usage, particularly anticoagulants, has been linked to an increased risk of bleeding, prompting consideration for clip placement in this patient subgroup. While cost-effectiveness analyses may indicate potential savings, the decision to clip should be tailored to individual patient factors and polyp characteristics.

Conclusions:
Current research suggests that the application of prophylactic clips can be particularly beneficial in preventing delayed bleeding after removal of large nonpedunculated polyps, especially for those in the proximal colon and in patients on antithrombotic medications. In addition, for large pedunculated polyps prophylactic clipping is most effective at controlling immediate bleeding.
Syphilis Positivity Among Men Who Have Sex With Men With Direct, Indirect, and No Linkage to Female Sex Partners: Exploring the Potential for Sex Network Bridging in Baltimore City, MD
Authors: Schumacher Christina M. , Thornton Nicole , Craig Taylor , Tilchin Carla , Fields Errol , Ghanem Khalil G. , Hamill Matthew M. , Latkin Carl , Rompalo Anne , Ruhs Sebastian , Jennings Jacky M. 
Published: July 2024

Background
Syphilis epidemics among women and men who have sex with men (MSM) may be connected, but these connections are poorly understood. Using egocentric network data from a US urban MSM cohort, we examined sociodemographics, behaviors, and syphilis positivity among MSM with (1) direct (MSM who report sex with women, MSMW); (2) indirect (MSM who only report male partners, some of whom are MSMW, MSMO/W); and (3) no (MSM who only report male partners and whose partners only have sex with men, MSMO/O) connection to women.

Methods
Sexually active MSM aged 18 to 45 years were administered behavioral and network interviews (recall period: 3 months) and syphilis/HIV testing. Syphilis positivity was defined as rapid plasma reagin titer ≥1:8. Modified Poisson regression was used to test for differences across groups.

Results
Among 385 MSM, 14.5% were MSMW and 22.3% were MSMO/W. MSMW and MSMO/W were significantly more likely than MSMO/O to report sex behaviors associated with increased syphilis acquisition/transmission risk, including ≥2 sex partners (MSMW: adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR], 1.28 [0.98–1.68]; MSMO/W: aPR, 1.35 [1.09–1.69]) and concurrent sex partners (MSMW: aPR, 1.50 [1.17–1.92]; MSMO/W: aPR, 1.39 [1.11–1.74]), and for MSMW only, transactional sex (aPR, 2.07 [1.11–3.88]). Syphilis positivity was 16.4% and was lower among MSMW (9.4%) and MSMO/W (14.1%) than MSMO/O (18.5%), but differences were not significant.

Conclusions
There may be considerable connectivity between MSM and female sex partners that could facilitate syphilis transmission, and behaviors that increase acquisition/transmission risk among MSMW and MSMO/W may be distinct from MSMO/O. Future work should focus on examining the context and temporal patterns of sex partnerships among MSMW and MSMO/W.
Mycoplasma genitalium Infections Among Participants in an HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Program in Hanoi, Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Khanh D. , Adamson Paul C. , Bui Hao TM. , Pham Loc Q. , Truong Phuong T. , Le Ngan T. , Le Giang M. , Klausner Jeffrey D. 
Published: July 2024

Background

Mycoplasma genitalium causes a sexually transmitted infection and is also emerging as an important antimicrobial resistant pathogen. Data on M. genitalium infections among men who have sex with men (MSM) in low-resource settings are sparse.

Methods
From January to December 2022, participants in an HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) program in Hanoi, Vietnam were enrolled into the study. Demographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics were collected. Self-collected urine, rectal, and pharyngeal specimens were tested for M. genitalium using the Alinity m STI Assay (Abbott Molecular, USA). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed to assess for factors associated with infections.

Results
Among 477 participants, the median age was 25.3 years (21.7–29.6) and 92.2% (n = 440) identified as MSM; 48.6% had ≥2 sex partners and 38.1% reported condomless anal sex in the prior month. The overall prevalence of M. genitalium infection was 10.9% (52/477); 7.3% (34/464) rectal, 3.2% (15/476) urethral, and 1.9% (9/476) pharyngeal. Infections were asymptomatic in 71.2% (37/52). Among those with M. genitalium, 30.7% (16/52) were co-infected with either Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis. Among those reporting rectal (n = 51) or urethral (n = 35) symptoms, but without C. trachomatis or N. gonorrhoeae co-infections, five (9.8%) had rectal infections and one (2.9%) had urethral infection. Participants with M. genitalium were more likely to be asymptomatic than participants without M. genitalium (adjusted odds ratio, 1.93; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–3.71).

Conclusions

Mycoplasma genitalium infections were common among primarily MSM engaged in an HIV PrEP program in Vietnam. The prevalence was highest in rectal specimens and nearly three quarters of M. genitalium infections were asymptomatic. Testing for M. genitalium infections among those with symptoms is important to enable pathogen-directed therapy. Additional research on antimicrobial resistance and treatment strategies for M. genitalium in low-resource settings is needed.
The construction of a novel supplementary diagnostic model for patients with indeterminate HIV infection
Authors: Yan Yajun , Yuan Rui , Deng Liping , Hu Hui , Yang Yong , Gui Xien , Yang Rongrong 
Published: July 2024

Introduction:
The window period, defined as HIV nucleic acid test (NAT) reactivity but Western blot (WB) test inconclusive, is garnering more attention. Improving the detection efficiency of HIV high-risk populations in the window period is critical to reducing the risk of unanticipated transmission. The purpose of this study was to create an additional strategy for distinguishing indeterminate HIV infection cases.

Methods:
Based on WB follow-up results, the individuals in this study were divided into persons in the HIV window period and persons without HIV. Plasma was analyzed using quantitative liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) to detect differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). The biological implications of these DEPs were investigated using enrichment analysis. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) analysis and LASSO regression were used to identify key proteins. The calibration curve, decision curve, and nomogram were utilized to create the model.

Results:
Fifty-seven DEPs were screened out, with 33 up-regulated and 24 down-regulated in persons with HIV at window period. The most important Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment items are oxidoreductase activity and heme binding. Oxidoreductases account for half of the 10 main proteins identified from various DEPs. An auxiliary diagnostic model comprised of peroxiredoxin-2 (P32119), band 3 anion transport protein (P02730), and histone H2A type 1 (P0C0S8) was developed. The results of the confusion matrix parameters revealed that this diagnostic approach had strong practicability in distinguishing indeterminate HIV infection cases.

Conclusions:
The three DEPs identified and predicted by proteomics are useful for the supplemental identification of persons in the HIV window period.
Spatiotemporal changes of pelagic food webs investigated by environmental DNA metabarcoding and connectivity analysis
Authors: Bellardini Daniele , Russo Luca , Di Tuccio Viviana , De Luca Daniele , Del Gaizo Gabriele , Zampicinini Gianpaolo , Kokoszka Florian , Botte Vincenzo , Colloca Francesco , Conversano Fabio , De Luca Pasquale , Iudicone Daniele , Margiotta Francesca , Saviano Simona , Vassallo Paolo , Cianelli Daniela , D’Alelio Domenico 
Published: July 2024

Environmental DNA metabarcoding (eDNA metaB) is fundamental for monitoring marine biodiversity and its spread in coastal ecosystems. We applied eDNA metaB to seawater samples to investigate the spatiotemporal variability of plankton and small pelagic fish, comparing sites with different environmental conditions across a coast-to-offshore gradient at river mouths along the Campania coast (Italy) over 2 years (2020–2021). We found a marked seasonality in the planktonic community at the regional scale, likely owing to the hydrodynamic connection among sampling sites, which was derived from numerical simulations. Nonetheless, spatial variability among plankton communities was detected during summer. Overall, slight changes in plankton and fish composition resulted in the potential reorganization of the pelagic food web at the local scale. This work supports the utility of eDNA metaB in combination with hydrodynamic modelling to study marine biodiversity in the water column of coastal systems.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Connected interactions: enriching food web research by spatial and social interactions’.
A model linking emotional dysregulation in neurodivergent people to the proprioceptive impact of joint hypermobility
Authors: Eccles Jessica A. , Quadt Lisa , Garfinkel Sarah N. , Critchley Hugo D. 
Published: July 2024

Emotional feelings are putatively ascribed to central representation of bodily states in the context of expectation and uncertainty in both internal state and external world. Neurodivergent people are more likely to experience co-occurring mental health challenges, although mechanistic insights underpinning this association are scarce. We therefore undertook a study to test whether imprecise processing of proprioceptive error signals may underlie the connection between neurodivergence and emotional dysregulation. In a cohort of people with complex chronic conditions, including chronic pain/fatigue, and complex trauma, and in a comparison group, we assessed presence of neurodivergence, variant connective tissue manifested through joint hypermobility, and emotional dysregulation. We present a data-informed conceptual model showing that variant connective tissue determines whether proprioceptive surprise is linked with emotional dysregulation in neurodivergent individuals. We suggest that future research in this area may have important clinical implications for the interaction of mental and physical wellbeing in neurodivergent people.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Sensing and feeling: an integrative approach to sensory processing and emotional experience’.
A social cognition perspective on misophonia
Authors: Berger Joel I. , Gander Phillip E. , Kumar Sukhbinder 
Published: July 2024

Misophonia is commonly classified by intense emotional reactions to common everyday sounds. The condition has an impact both on the mental health of its sufferers and societally. As yet, formal models on the basis of misophonia are in their infancy. Based on developing behavioural and neuroscientific research we are gaining a growing understanding of the phenomenology and empirical findings in misophonia, such as the importance of context, types of coping strategies used and the activation of particular brain regions. In this article, we argue for a model of misophonia that includes not only the sound but also the context within which sound is perceived and the emotional reaction triggered. We review the current behavioural and neuroimaging literature, which lends support to this idea. Based on the current evidence, we propose that misophonia should be understood within the broader context of social perception and cognition, and not restricted within the narrow domain of being a disorder of auditory processing. We discuss the evidence in support of this hypothesis, as well as the implications for potential treatment approaches.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Sensing and feeling: an integrative approach to sensory processing and emotional experience’.
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae-associated bloodstream infection in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report and literature review
Authors: Lo Calvin Ka-Fung , Schonhofer Cole , Mina Neil , Masud Shazia , Wong Patrick Ho Pun , Chapman Michael G. 
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Systemic human infections caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae have been increasingly reported especially within immunocompromised hosts and those with significant occupational exposure to livestock and aquatic animals. We report a case of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae bacteremia in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and present a literature review on clinical outcomes and microbiologic diagnosis for this organism.

Case Presentation

A 43-year-old female patient was reporting a 1-month history of intermittent fevers. She recently increased her immunosuppression medication for her underlying SLE on advice of her rheumatologist. The patient sustained a finger laceration from butchering cattle meat two weeks after onset of her initial symptoms, with worsening index finger swelling and increased febrile episodes. Two weeks post-injury, multiple blood cultures were drawn and each isolated Gram-positive bacilli. Given her recurrent intermittent fevers, there was concern for ongoing infection and therefore intravenous vancomycin was started with prompt referral to outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy clinic. The Gram-positive bacillus was confirmed as Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae via MALDI-TOF analysis. Given intrinsic resistance to vancomycin, intravenous ceftriaxone was then initiated as targeted antimicrobial therapy for two weeks. Reassuringly, there was no echocardiographic evidence of infective endocarditis warranting prolonged treatment course. Post-treatment, she remained symptom-free with resolution of joint symptoms and fevers.

Conclusion

Our report illustrates a case of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae bacteremia from a relatively immunocompromised host, with prompt microbiologic diagnosis and intervention with appropriate antimicrobial coverage. Literature reflects the rarity of this infection, predilections to specific susceptible hosts and the importance for raising awareness of zoonotic infections.
Lysobacter stagni sp. nov. and Limnohabitans lacus sp. nov., isolated from a pond
Authors: Jung Yonghee , Chhetri Geeta , Kim Inhyup , So Yoonseop , Park Sunho , Woo Haejin , Seo Taegun 
Published: July 2024

Two Gram-negative bacteria, designated as strains LF1T and HM2-2T, were isolated from an artificial pond in a honey farm at Hoengseong-gun, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea. The 16S rRNA sequence analysis results revealed that strain LF1T belonged to the genus Lysobacter and had the highest sequence similarity to Lysobacter niastensis GH41-7T (99.0 %), Lysobacter panacisoli CJ29T (98.9 %), and Lysobacter prati SYSU H10001T (98.2 %). Its growth occurred at 20–37 °C, at pH 5.0–12.0, and in the presence of 0–2% NaCl. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, and summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1
ω9c and/or C16 : 0 10-methyl). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, and diphosphatidylglycerol. The DNA G+C content was 67.5 mol%. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between strain LF1T and species of the genus Lysobacter were 79.1–84.4% and 22.0–27.5 %, respectively. The 16S rRNA sequence analysis results revealed that strain HM2-2T belonged to the genus Limnohabitans and was most closely related to Limnohabitans planktonicus II-D5T (98.9 %), Limnohabitans radicicola JUR4T (98.4%), and Limnohabitans parvus II-B4T (98.4 %). Its growth occurred at 10–35 °C, at pH 5.0–11.0, and in the presence of 0–2% NaCl. The major fatty acids were C16 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1
ω7c/C16 : 1
ω6c). The major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. The DNA G+C content was 59.9 mol%. The ANI and dDDH values between strain HM2-2T and its closely related strains were 75.1–83.0% and 20.4–26.4 %, respectively. Phenotypic, genomic, and phylogenetic data revealed that strains LF1T and HM2-2T represent novel species in the genera Lysobacter and Limnohabitans, for which the names Lysobacter stagni sp. nov. and Limnohabitans lacus sp. nov. are proposed, respectively. The type strain of Lys. stagni is LF1T (=KACC 23251T=TBRC 17648T), and that of Lim. lacus is HM2-2T (=KACC 23250T=TBRC 17649T).
Loss of the lysosomal lipid flippase ATP10B leads to progressive dopaminergic neurodegeneration and Parkinsonian motor deficits
Authors: Sanchiz-Calvo María , Coccia Elena , Cawthorne Christopher , Parfitt Gustavo Morrone , Van Laere Koen , Torre-Muruzabal Teresa , Cabezudo Diego , Tsafaras George , Cascalho Ana , Van den Haute Chris , Vangheluwe Peter , Blanchard Joel , Bentea Eduard , Baekelandt Veerle 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundATP10B, a transmembrane lipid flippase located in late endosomes and lysosomes, facilitates the export of glucosylceramide and phosphatidylcholine by coupling this process to ATP hydrolysis. Recently, loss-of-function mutations in theATP10Bgene have been identified in Parkinson’s disease patients, pointing toATP10Bas a candidate genetic risk factor. Previous studies have shown compromised lysosomal functionality uponATP10Bknockdown in human cell lines and primary cortical neurons. However, its rolein vivoand specifically in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system remains poorly understood.MethodsTo investigate the role ATP10B in PD neuropathology, we induced ATP10B knockdown specifically insubstantia nigra pars compactaneurons of rats using viral vector technology. Two different microRNA-based shRNA constructs targeting distinct regions of the ATP10B mRNA were used to cross-validate the findings. Behavioral evaluation, dopamine transporter18F-FE-PE2I positron emission tomography imaging and neuropathological examination of the nigrostriatal pathway at one year post-injection were conducted. Additionally, midbrain neuronal cultures derived from ATP10B knock-out human induced pluripotent stem cells clones were used to study the impact of ATP10B loss in dopaminergic neurons in a more translational model.ResultsATP10Bknockdown in rat brain induced Parkinsonian motor deficits, and longitudinal striatal dopamine transporter18F-FE-PE2I PET imaging revealed a progressive decrease in binding potential. Immunohistochemical analysis conducted one year post-injection confirmed the loss of dopaminergic terminals in thestriatum, alongside a loss of dopaminergic neurons in thesubstantia nigra pars compacta. The expression of LAMP1, LAMP2a, cathepsin B and glucocerebrosidase was studied by immunofluorescence in the surviving dopaminergic neurons. A decrease in lysosomal numbers and an increase in lysosomal volume were observed more consistently in one of the knockdown constructs. The vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons to ATP10B loss-of-function was also observed in midbrain neuronal cultures derived from ATP10B knock-out human induced pluripotent stem cells clones, which showed a significant reduction in TH-positive neurons.ConclusionTaken together, our findings demonstrate that ATP10B depletion detrimentally impacts the viability of dopaminergic neurons bothin vivoandin vitro. Moreover, a broader impact on the functionality of the nigrostriatal pathway was evidenced as rats withATP10Bknockdown exhibited motor impairments similar to those observed in PD patients.
Longitudinal Multi-Tensor Analysis of Neocortical Microstructure in an Animal Model of Cortical Dysplasia
Authors: Villasenõr Paulina J. , Luna-Munguía Hiram , Ramirez-Manzanares Alonso , Coronado-Leija Ricardo , Concha Luis 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe neocortex is a highly organized structure, with region-specific spatial patterns of cells and fibers constituting cyto- and myelo-architecture, respectively. These architectural features are modulated during neurodevelopment, aging, and disease. While invasive techniques have contributed significantly to our understanding of cortical patterning, the task remains challenging through non-invasive methods. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has advanced to improve sensitivity in identifying cortical features, yet most methods focus on capturing macrostructural characteristics, often overlooking critical microscale components. Diffusion-weighted MRI (dMRI) offers an opportunity to extract quantitative information reflecting microstructural changes. Here we investigate whether advanced multi-tensor dMRI methods can detect microstructural characteristics related to the orientational organization of the myelo- and cyto-architecture in an animal model of cortical dysplasia, a malformation of cortical development. We scanned 32 animals (n=16 experimental; n=16 control) at four different time points (30, 60, 120, and 150 post-natal days) using both structural and multi-shell dMRI. Our dMRI metrics were sampled using a 2D curvilinear system of coordinates as a common anatomical descriptor across animals. Diffusion tensors were labeled according to their orientation with respect to the cortical surface, and derived metrics were analyzed separately. We identified abnormalities in the perpendicular and parallel diffusion components in deeper cortical areas, consistent with histological findings of neuronal and fiber disorganization in animals with dysplasia. Although our methodology is tailored for small species, our protocol shows promise for clinical applications.