bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptional analysis of intramuscular fatty acid composition in the longissimus thoracis muscle of Iberian × Landrace back‐crossed pigs
Authors: Pena R. N. , Noguera J. L. , Casellas J. , Díaz I. , Fernández A. I. , Folch J. M. , Ibáñez‐Escriche N. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryThis study aimed at identifying differential gene expression conditional on the fatty acid profile of the longissimus thoracis (Lt) muscle, a prime cut of economic relevance for fresh and cured pork production. A population of 110 Iberian (25%) × Landrace (75%) back‐crossed pigs was used, because these two breeds exhibit extreme profiles of intramuscular saturated fatty acid, monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) contents. Total RNA from Lt muscle was individually hybridized to GeneChip Porcine Genome arrays (Affymetrix). A principal component analysis was performed with data from the 110 animals to select 40 extreme animals based on the total fatty acid profile and the MUFA composition (MAP). Comparison of global transcription levels between extreme fatty acid profile pigs (n = 40) resulted in 219 differentially expressed probes (false discovery rate <0.10). Gene ontology, pathway and network analysis indicated that animals with higher percentages of PUFA exhibit a shift toward a more oxidative muscular metabolism state, with a raise in mitochondria function (PPARGC1A, ATF2), fatty acid uptake and oxidation (FABP5, MGLL). On the other hand, 87 probes were differentially expressed between MUFA composition groups (n = 40; false discovery rate <0.10). In particular, muscles rich in n‐7 MUFA expressed higher levels of genes involved in lipid metabolism (GLUL, CRAT, PLA2G15) and lower levels of fatty acid elongation genes (ELOVL5). Moreover, the chromosomal position of FABP5, PAQR3, MGLL, PPARGC1A, GLUL and ELOVL5 co‐localized with very relevant QTL for fat deposition and composition described in the same resource population. This study represents a complementary approach to identifying genes underlying these QTL effects.
Plasma cortisol and prolactin secretion rhythms in cattle under varying external environments and management techniques
Authors: Ogino Mizuna , Matsuura Akihiro , Yamazaki Atusi , Irimajiri Mami , Suzuki Yoshihiro , Kushibiki Shiro , Singu Hroyuki , Kasuya Etsuko , Hasegawa Yoshihisa , Hodate Koichi 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe secretion rhythms of plasma cortisol (CORT) and prolactin (PRL), hormones related to stress responsiveness and biological rhythm and controlled by light and temperature, were investigated under varying external environments and different management techniques. Serial blood samples were collected from female cattle reared in free‐stall and freely fed (FF) conditions (n = 4) or in tie‐stall and restricted feeding (RF) conditions (hay and concentrate twice daily, n = 4). Plasma CORT and PRL concentrations, eating behavior, and environmental parameters were analyzed. Cyclic patterns for each parameter were examined using spectral analysis, and correlations between CORT, PRL and other parameters were investigated using cross‐spectral analysis. Under FF conditions, CORT secretion was not related to the lighting intensity and eating behavior. However, under RF conditions, the CORT secretion rhythm showed a distinct correlation with lighting intensity and eating behavior. Under FF conditions, the PRL secretion rhythm was similar in all seasons. However, under RF conditions, the PRL rhythm oscillated with high frequency in summer and low frequency in winter, indicating a seasonal change in rhythm. The present study demonstrates that hormone secretion rhythms change under different environments and management techniques.
Measuring Privacy and Utility in Privacy‐Preserving Visualization
Authors: Dasgupta Aritra , Chen Min , Kosara Robert 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIn previous work, we proposed a technique for preserving the privacy of quasi‐identifiers in sensitive data when visualized using parallel coordinates. This paper builds on that work by introducing a number of metrics that can be used to assess both the level of privacy and the amount of utility that can be gained from the resulting visualizations. We also generalize our approach beyond parallel coordinates to scatter plots and other visualization techniques. Privacy preservation generally entails a trade‐off between privacy and utility: the more the data are protected, the less useful the visualization. Using a visually‐oriented approach, we can provide a higher amount of utility than directly applying data anonymization techniques used in data mining. To demonstrate this, we use the visual uncertainty framework for systematically defining metrics based on cluster artifacts and information theoretic principles. In a case study, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our technique as compared to standard data‐based clustering in the context of privacy‐preserving visualization.
An Efficient Algorithm for Determining an Aesthetic Shape Connecting Unorganized 2D Points
Authors: Ohrhallinger S. , Mudur S. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe present anefficient algorithm for determining an aesthetically pleasing shape boundary connecting all the points in a given unorganized set of 2D points, with no other information than point coordinates. By posing shape construction as a minimisation problem which follows the Gestalt laws, our desired shape is non‐intersecting, interpolates all points and minimizes a criterion related to these laws. The basis for our algorithm is an initial graph, an extension of the Euclidean minimum spanning tree but with no leaf nodes, called as the minimum boundary complex . and can be expressed similarly by parametrizing a topological constraint. A close approximation of , termed can be computed fast using a greedy algorithm. is then transformed into a closed interpolating boundary in two steps to satisfy ’s topological and minimization requirements. Computing exactly is an NP (Non‐Polynomial)‐hard problem, whereas is computed in linearithmic time. We present many examples showing considerable improvement over previous techniques, especially for shapes with sharp corners. Source code is available online.
Maximum a posteriori probability assignment (MAP‐A): an optimality criterion for phylogenetic trees via weighting and dynamic programming
Authors: Wheeler Ward C. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractOne of the most time‐consuming aspects of Bayesian posterior probability analysis in the analysis of phylogenetic trees is the use of Metropolis‐coupled Markov chain Monte Carlo (MC3) methods to determine relative posteriors and identify maximum a posteriori (MAP) trees. Here, analytical and numerical methods are presented to determine tree likelihoods that are integrated over edge‐length (and other parameter) distributions. Given topological (tree) priors (flat or otherwise), this allows for identification of the maximum posterior probability assignment (MAP‐A) of character states to non‐leaf tree vertices via dynamic programming. Using this form of posterior probability as an optimality criterion, tree space can be searched using standard trajectory techniques and heuristically optimalMAP‐A trees can be identified with considerable time savings overMC3. Example cases are presented using aligned and unaligned molecular sequences as well as combined molecular and anatomical data.
Factors affecting the accuracy of endoscopic transpapillary sampling methods for bile duct cancer
Authors: Nishikawa Takao , Tsuyuguchi Toshio , Sakai Yuji , Sugiyama Harutoshi , Tawada Katsunobu , Mikata Rintaro , Tada Motohisa , Ishihara Takeshi , Miyazaki Masaru , Yokosuka Osamu 
Published: July 2013

Background and AimVarious methods for endoscopic transpapillary sampling have been developed. However, the factors affecting the accuracy of these methods for bile duct cancer are unknown. The aim of the present study was to determine the factors affecting the accuracy of endoscopic transpapillary sampling methods.MethodsWe reviewed the results from 101 patients with bile duct cancer who underwent transpapillary sampling by aspiration bile cytology, brushing cytology, and fluoroscopic forceps biopsy. The final diagnosis of bile duct cancer was made on the basis of pathological evaluation of specimens obtained at surgery and the clinical course over at least 1 year in patients not operated on. We carried out subgroup analyses for the factors affecting the accuracy of each transpapillary sampling method.ResultsAspiration bile cytology was carried out 238 times in 77 patients, brushing cytology was carried out 67 times in 60patients, and fluoroscopic forceps biopsy was carried out 64 times in 53 patients. Accuracies of aspiration bile cytology were significantly higher for longer (≥15 mm) biliary cancerous lesions than for shorter (<15 mm) lesions (30% vs 18%, respectively, P = 0.049). Accuracies of brushing cytology and fluoroscopic forceps biopsy were significantly higher for non‐flat than for flat‐type biliary cancerous lesions (brushing: 58% vs 38%, respectively, P = 0.032; forceps biopsy: 60% vs 33%, respectively, P = 0.043).ConclusionEndoscopic transpapillary sampling methods are more accurate for longer or elevated (non‐flat) biliary cancerous lesions than for shorter or flat lesions.
Preliminary results of multicenter questionnaire study on long‐term outcomes of curative endoscopic submucosal dissection for early gastric cancer
Authors: Oda Ichiro , Oyama Tsuneo , Abe Seiichiro , Ohnita Ken , Kosaka Takashi , Hirasawa Kingo , Ishido Kenji , Nakagawa Masahiro , Takahashi Shin'ichi 
Published: July 2013

Background and AimThere are a number of published reports on long‐term outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for early gastric cancer (EGC), but most reports are from single centers with median follow‐up periods shorter than 5 years. This questionnaire study investigated long‐term outcomes of curative ESD for EGC at six Japanese institutions with follow‐up rates of at least 90% over a minimum 5‐year period.MethodsAll consecutive patients with initial‐onset EGC who underwent ESD through December 2006 at the six institutions were included in our study. The questionnaire covered pathological curability and long‐term outcomes of patients with curative resections or curative resections for expanded indications over follow‐up periods of at least 5 years.ResultsThere were 3788 patients with initial‐onset EGC including 1710 (45.1%) patients with curative resections and 1289 (34.0%) patients with curative resections for expanded indications. The remaining 789 (20.8%) patients had non‐curativeresections. Altogether, 1601 (93.6%) patients with curative resections and 1205 (93.5%) patients with curative resections for expanded indications were successfully followed up for at least 5 years. No recurrences were reported in any of the 1601 patients with curative resections whereas three recurrences (0.2%) were reported in the 1205 patients with curative resections for expanded indications. Gastric cancer‐related deaths occurred in seven (0.2%) of the 2806 patients with curative resections or curative resections for expanded indications including six patients with metachronous gastric cancer‐related deaths.ConclusionThis questionnaire study's results indicated favorable long‐term outcomes for patients with curative resections or curative resections for expanded indications.
Comparison between cone beam computed tomography and multislice computed tomography in diagnostic accuracy of maxillofacial fractures in dried human skull: an in vitro study
Authors: Eskandarlou Amir , Poorolajal Jalal , Talaeipour Ahmad Reza , Talebi Sahar , Talaeipour Maziar 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and multislice computed tomography (MSCT) in diagnosing factitious fractures in maxillofacial region as well as to investigate the influence of field of view (FOV) size on the interpretation of maxillofacial fractures in CBCT.MethodsSimulated fractures were created in the right and left sides of five dried human skulls using a micro‐saw 20 mm blade without displacement. The skulls were scanned with a spiral 16‐slice MSCT scanner and a CBCT device with two FOVs (6 × 6, 15 × 15). Three observers assessed and interpreted the images judging whether fracture was present or absent. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were calculated.ResultsThe sensitivity of CBCT 6 × 6, CBCT 15 × 15, and MSCT was 87.5%, 70.7%, and 49.7% and the specificity of three modalities was 91.7%, 88.0%, and 98.3%, respectively. The area under ROC curve was 0.90 (95% CI: 0.85, 0.94) for CBCT with FOV 6 × 6, 0.79 (95% CI: 0.75, 0.85) for CBCT with FOV 15 × 15, and 0.74 (95% CI: 0.69, 0.79) for MSCT. The Kappa value for interobserver agreement was highest for CBCT 6 × 6 among imaging modalities.ConclusionsCBCT with small FOV had higher diagnostic accuracy in detecting simulated maxillofacial fractures than MSCT. However, additional evidence based on in vivo studies is needed to confirm the superiority of CBCT on MSCT in diagnosis of maxillofacial traumatic fractures.
Asiaontsira gen. nov., a new tropical genus of the subfamily Doryctinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from Vietnam and South‐East China
Authors: Belokobylskij Sergey A. , Pu Tang , Chen Xuexin 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA new genus, Asiaontsira gen. nov., and two new species, A. cucphuongi sp. nov. (type species) and A. cantonica sp. nov., are described from tropical and subtropical areas of South‐East China and North Vietnam. This genus is compared to the closely related Australian Ontsirospathius Belokobylskij, Iqbal and Austin, 2004 as well as the similar and almost cosmopolitan genus Ontsira Cameron, 1900. A key to both species of Asiaontsira gen. nov. is provided.
Systematic studies on the Pompilidae occurring in Japan: Genus Platydialepis Haupt (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae: Pepsinae)
Authors: Shimizu Akira , Wahis Raymond 
Published: July 2013

AbstractGeneric characters of Platydialepis Haupt, 1941 are presented. A new species of the genus, P. amamiensis sp. nov. from the Amami Islands, the Ryukyus, Japan, is described, and another species of the genus, P. ryoheii Ishikawa, 1957, distributed in Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu, Japan, is redescribed. Their biological notes are also given. A new combination is proposed: Platydialepis taiwaniana (Tsuneki, 1989) (=Malloscelis taiwaniana Tsuneki).
Contribution to the revision of Oriental Aulacus Jurine, 1807 (Hymenoptera: Aulacidae): description of A. ceciliae sp. nov. from Laos and redescription of A. bituberculatus Cameron, 1899 from India
Authors: Turrisi Giuseppe Fabrizio 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA remarkable Aulacus Jurine, 1807, A. ceciliae Turrisi, sp. nov., is described from Laos and A. bituberculatus Cameron, 1899 from India is redescribed from the type material, which has been recently rediscovered. For the latter species, a lectotype is formally designated. Both species are very characteristic due to the presence of two tooth‐like processes on the vertex, an autapomorphic feature probably related with the endoxylic bionomy. References to the other two Oriental species of Aulacus, A. philippinensis (Kieffer, 1916) and A. sinensis He & Chen, 2007 and a key to all four species of the genus presently known for the Oriental Region are provided.
Thirteen microsatellite loci for Laodelphax striatellus and cross amplification in related taxa
Authors: Liu Yudi , Zhang Baoqin , Hou Maolin 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWith the advent of next‐generation Roche 454 pyrosequencing technologies, transcriptome level sequence collections are arising as prominent resources for the discovery of gene‐based molecular markers. In a previous study more than 1450 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) in expressed sequence tag (EST) sequences resulting from 454 pyrosequencing of Laodelphax striatellus cDNA were identified. From these we developed PCR primers for 40 di‐ or tri‐candidate SSRs (minimum repeats > 8) from the combined EST library. After extensive optimization, 13 pairs were end labeled with a fluorescent dye. Here, we also tested these 13 SSRs for cross‐species amplification in two other planthoppers, Nilaparvata lugens and Sogatella furcifera. The marker transferability was considerably high in N. lugens (92.31%) and in S. furcifera (61.54%). All of the 13 fluorescent SSRs were polymorphic, with allele numbers ranging from two to seven for 24 male and 24 female L. striatellus individuals. Observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.016 to 0.621. Development of SSR markers from ESTs will be a valuable tool to improve our understanding of population structure in this important rice pest.
Morphometric analysis of nymphalid butterfly wings: number, size and arrangement of scales, and their implications for tissue‐size determination
Authors: Dhungel Bidur , Otaki Joji M. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAnimal body size and tissue size depend on genetic and environmental factors, but the precise mechanisms of how tissue size is determined in proportion to body size remain unknown. Here we focused on wings from three nymphalid butterflies, Junonia orithya (Linnaeus), Vanessa cardui (Linnaeus) and Danaus chrysippus (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), to examine the contributions of the number and size of scales to macroscopic structures, represented by wing compartments, and to investigate the positional dependence of scale size, density and arrangement. The whole wing area and wing compartment area exhibited a high correlation in all three species. Similarly, the wing compartment area and the blue or orange area showed a high correlation in three species, indicating isometric relationships among wings of different sizes. However, only in J. orithya, the blue area was highly correlated with the number of constituent scales and, to a lesser extent, with scale size. In contrast, reasonable correlations were obtained between the blue or orange area and the number of rows in all three species. These results suggest that variations of the background area accompany changes in the number of scales through changes in the number of rows. In a background region of the compartment, scale size gradually decreased and scale density increased from the proximal to the distal side in all three species. Our findings suggest that butterfly wing tissue size is determined primarily by the number of scale cells and secondarily by the size change of scale cells before or during the period of row arrangement.
Vascular perfusion of the dorsal and palmar condyles of the equine third metacarpal bone
Authors: Alber M. T. , Brown M. P. , Merritt K. A. , Trumble T. N. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryReasons for performing studyPalmar osteochondral disease (POD) is an overload arthrosis that commonly affects fetlock joints of racingThoroughbreds (TB) but the aetiopathogenesis of the disease has not been well defined.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compareIndia ink perfusion in the dorsal and palmar condyles of the third metacarpal bone (McIII) in both passively flexed and maximally extended fetlock joints from paired equine cadaver limbs.Study designDescriptive cadaver study comparing perfusion of condyles ofMcIIIin paired cadaver limbs in flexion (control group) and maximal extension (intervention group).MethodsPairs of forelimbs were acquired from 5TBhorses subjected to euthanasia for reasons unrelated to lameness. Limb pairs were perfused intra‐arterially withIndia ink and then randomly assigned to passive flexion or maximal extension of the fetlock joint. Limbs were sectioned sagittally in 3 mm sections through the fetlock and 12 sections per limb processed using a modified tissue‐clearing technique. Sections were subsequently digitally imaged and bone perfusion evaluated with image analysis software.ResultsGreater perfusion of the dorsal condyle than of palmar condyle was observed in 78% of sections from limbs in passive flexion and 92% of maximally extended sections. Perfusion to the palmar aspect of the condyle was significantly decreased (P<0.0001) when the limbs were placed in maximal extension compared to passive flexion.ConclusionsThe palmar condyle ofMcIIIhad less perfusion than the dorsal condyle when the fetlock joint was in passive flexion and this difference was exacerbated by maximal extension. Based on the anatomical location ofPODlesions, perfusion differences between the dorsal and palmar condyles ofMcIIImay be associated with development of these lesions.
Selective grazing modifies previously anticipated responses of plant community composition to elevatedCO2in a temperate grassland
Authors: Newton Paul C. D. , Lieffering Mark , Parsons Anthony J. , Brock Shona C. , Theobald Phillip W. , Hunt Chris L. , Luo Dongwen , Hovenden Mark J. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractOur limited understanding of terrestrial ecosystem responses to elevatedCO2is a major constraint on predicting the impacts of climate change. A change in botanical composition has been identified as a key factor in theCO2response with profound implications for ecosystem services such as plant production and soil carbon storage. In temperate grasslands, there is a strong consensus that elevatedCO2will result in a greater physiological stimulus to growth in legumes and to a lesser extent forbs, compared with C3 grasses, and the presumption this will lead in turn to a greater proportion of these functional groups in the plant community. However, this view is based on data mainly collected in experiments of three or less years in duration and not in experiments where defoliation has been by grazing animals. Grazing is, however, the most common management of grasslands and known in itself to influence botanical composition. In a long‐term Free Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment (FACE) experiment in a temperate grassland managed with grazing animals (sheep), we found the response to elevated CO2in plant community composition in the first 5 years was consistent with the expectation of increased proportions of legumes and forbs. However, in the longer term, these differences diminished so that the proportions of grasses, legumes and forbs were the same under both ambient and elevatedCO2. Analysis of vegetation before and after each grazing event showed there was a sustained disproportionately greater removal (‘apparent selection’) of legumes and forbs by the grazing animals. This bias in removal was greater under elevatedCO2than ambientCO2. This is consistent with sustained faster growth rates of legumes and forbs under elevatedCO2being countered by selective defoliation, and so leading to little difference in community composition.