bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MICROSTRUCTURE AND WEAR RESISTANCE OF COMPOSITE COATING BY LASER CLADDING Al/TiN ON THE Ti–6Al–4V SUBSTRATE
Authors: ZHANG H. X. , YU H. J. , CHEN C. Z. 
Published: March 2015

The composite coatings were fabricated by laser cladding Al / TiN pre-placed powders on Ti –6 Al –4 V substrate for enhancing wear resistance and hardness of the substrate. The composite coatings were analyzed by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The sliding wear tests were performed by MM200 wear test machine. The hardness of the coatings was tested by HV-1000 hardness tester. After laser cladding, it was found that there was a good metallurgical bond between the coating and the substrate. The composite coatings were mainly composed of the matrix of β- Ti ( Al ) and the reinforcements of titanium nitride ( TiN ), Ti 3 Al , TiAl and Al 3 Ti . The hardness and wear resistance of the coatings on four samples were greatly improved, among which sample 4 exhibited the highest hardness and best wear resistance. The hardness of the coating on sample 4 was approximately 2.5 times of the Ti –6 Al –4 V substrate. And the wear resistance of sample 4 was four times of the substrate.
Tracking Rotors With Minimal Electrodes
Authors: Balasundaram Krishnanand , Umapathy Karthikeyan , Jeyaratnam Joyce , Niri Ahmed , Massé Stephane , Farid Talha , Nair Krishnakumar , Asta John , Cusimano Robert J. , Vigmond Edward , Nanthakumar Kumaraswamy 
Published: March 2015

Background—
High-frequency periodic sources during cardiac fibrillation can be detected by phase mapping techniques. To enable practical therapeutic options for modulating periodic sources (existing techniques require high density multielectrode arrays and real time simultaneous mapping capability), a method to identify electrogram morphologies colocalizing to rotors that can be implemented on few electrograms needs to be devised.

Method and Results—

Multichannel ventricular fibrillation electrogram data from 7 isolated human hearts using Langendorff setup and intraoperative clinical data from 2 human hearts were included in the analysis. The spatial locations of rotors were identified using phase maps constructed from 112 electrograms. Electrograms were analyzed for repeating patterns and discriminating signal morphologies around the locations of rotors and nonrotors were identified and quantified. Features were extracted from the unipolar electrogram patterns, which corroborated well with the spatial location of rotors. The results suggest that using the proposed modulation index feature, and as low as 1 sample point in the vicinity of the rotors, an accuracy as high as 86% (
P
<0.001) was obtained in separating rotor locations versus nonrotor locations. The analysis of bipolar electrogram signatures in the vicinity of the rotor locations suggest that 62.5% of the rotors occur at locations where the bipolar electrogram demonstrates continuous activities during ventricular fibrillation.

Conclusions—
Unipolar electrogram extracted modulation index–based detection of rotors is feasible with few electrodes and has greater detection rate than bipolar approach. This strategy may be suitable for nonarray-based single mapping catheter enabled detection of rotors.
Pathomechanics of the wrist following fractures of the distal radius
Authors: Mifsud Charmaine , Drew Tim 
Published: March 2015

Introduction The wrist positions the hand in space and allows load transmission from the hand to the forearm. This research study aimed to explain the biomechanical changes that occur at the wrist following a fracture of the distal radius and to explore the effect of this fracture on wrist and hand range of motion and muscle strength. It was hypothesised that a fracture of the distal radius interferes with the biomechanical integrity of the wrist limiting the available wrist and hand range of motion. This in turn affects hand muscle strength. Methods This prospective research study adopted a quantitative quasi-experimental time-series design where 109 patients followed an occupational therapy programme for 12 weeks. Measurements of forearm, wrist and hand range of motion and hand muscle strength were taken on the initial assessment, and on the 6th and 12th weeks of intervention. A standard evaluation procedure was followed to ensure reliability of the results. Data were analysed using SPSS (PASW version 18). Results Forearm and wrist range of motion and muscle strength were significantly impaired. Hand range of motion was also affected even though the hand itself was not directly involved in the injury. Improvements in range of motion were accompanied by an increase in hand muscle strength. Patients with intra-articular fractures experienced greater limitations compared to their counterparts. Conclusions These results supported the initial hypothesis. Clinically, this highlights the need for orthopaedic management and rehabilitation to be based on a sound knowledge of the biomechanical interaction of the different structures involved.
Development of a process to disclose amyloid imaging results to cognitively normal older adult research participants
Authors: Harkins Kristin , Sankar Pamela , Sperling Reisa , Grill Joshua D , Green Robert C , Johnson Keith A , Healy Megan , Karlawish Jason 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Introduction
The objective of this study was to develop a process to maximize the safety and effectiveness of disclosing Positron Emission Tomography (PET) amyloid imaging results to cognitively normal older adults participating in Alzheimer’s disease secondary prevention studies such as the Anti-Amyloid Treatment in Asymptomatic Alzheimer’s Disease (A4) Study.

Methods
Using a modified Delphi Method to develop consensus on best practices, we gathered and analyzed data over three rounds from experts in two relevant fields: informed consent for genetic testing or human amyloid imaging.

Results
Experts reached consensus on (1) text for a brochure that describes amyloid imaging to a person who is considering whether to undergo such imaging in the context of a clinical trial, and (2) a process for amyloid PET result disclosure within such trials. Recommendations included: During consent, potential participants should complete an educational session, where they receive verbal and written information covering what is known and unknown about amyloid imaging, including possible results and their meaning, implications of results for risk of future cognitive decline, and information about Alzheimer’s and risk factors. Participants should be screened for anxiety and depression to determine suitability to receive amyloid imaging information. The person conducting the sessions should check comprehension and be skilled in communication and recognizing distress. Imaging should occur on a separate day from consent, and disclosure on a separate day from imaging. Disclosure should occur in person, with time for questions. At disclosure, investigators should assess mood and willingness to receive results, and provide a written results report. Telephone follow-up within a few days should assess the impact of disclosure, and periodic scheduled assessments of depression and anxiety, with additional monitoring and follow-up for participants showing distress, should be performed.

Conclusions
We developed a document for use with potential study participants to describe the process of amyloid imaging and the implications of amyloid imaging results; and a disclosure process with attention to ongoing monitoring of both mood and safety to receive this information. This document and process will be used in the A4 Study and can be adapted for other research settings.
Lipotoxicity, a Potential Risk Factor for the Increasing Prevalence of Subclinical Hypothyroidism?
Authors: Zhao Meng , Tang Xulei , Yang Tao , Zhang Bingchang , Guan Qingbo , Shao Shanshan , Xue Fuzhong , Zhang Xu , Liu Zhanfeng , Yuan Zhongshang , Song Yongfeng , Zhang Haiqing , Fang Li , Yu Chunxiao , Li Qiu , Zhang Xiaohan , Gao Ling , Xu Chao , Zhao Jiajun 
Published: March 2015

AbstractContext:Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is an important public health problem worldwide for its increasing prevalence and potential deleterious effects, whereas its etiology has not been fully elucidated. Lipotoxicity exerts extensive and serious impact on human health, but so far, the potential effect of lipotoxicity on thyroid is unclear.Objective:The objective of the study was to assess the association between serum triglyceride levels and the risk for SCH.Design, Participants, and Methods:We conducted a population-based case-control study. A total of 24 100 subjects with similar and stable iodine nutrition status were recruited from China. Cases of 5033 SCH patients were identified and equal controls were matched by age, gender, and region. Conditional logistic regression was used to analyze the association between serum triglyceride levels and risk for SCH.Results:Hypertriglyceridemia was associated with an approximately 35% increased risk for SCH in both men (odds ratio 1.325; 95% confidence interval 1.002–1.753) and women (odds ratio 1.397; 95% confidence interval 1.217–1.604), even after adjustment for potential confounders. Notably, the risk for SCH increased progressively following the elevation of serum triglyceride levels. Compared with individuals with serum triglyceride levels less than 0.97 mmol/L, the risk for SCH increased approximately 1.9-fold in men and 1.4-fold in women, respectively, when triglyceride levels were greater than 1.99 mmol/L.Conclusion:Our findings suggested that hypertriglyceridemia was positively associated with the risk for SCH.
Direct Cyanation of Picolinamides Using K4[Fe(CN)6] as the Cyanide Source
Authors: Guan Dinghui , Han Lu , Wang Lulu , Song He , Chu Wenyi , Sun Zhizhong 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The efficient, simple, and environment-friendly route of direct cyanation of picolinamides has been developed with nontoxic K4[Fe(CN)6] as the cyanide source through Pd-catalyzed C–H bond activation. A series of N-(naphthalene-1-yl)picolinamide derivatives were successfully transformed to the corresponding cyanation products. The cyanation mechanism has also been speculated.
Sax and the city: New York, New York (Scorsese, 1977), urban decline and the jazz musical
Authors: Shearer Martha 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This article examines the ways in which ‘jazz musicals’ and their soundtracks were implicated in urban history in terms of production (shooting in studios or on location) and representation (the relationship between cities and their cinematic musical accompaniment). It situates the relationship between jazz and urban representation in the Hollywood musical in the context of the decline and transformation of New York after World War II. While musicals were overwhelming set in cities, and especially New York, the genre’s artificial, anti-realist settings became increasingly out of step with the city’s reality as it entered a long period of urban decline. The article focuses on New York, New York (Scorsese, 1977) arguing that the film’s depiction of jazz and treatment of the musical genre was shaped by the wider context of the expansion of location shooting in the 1970s as well as what Miriam Greenberg has called New York’s ‘image crisis’.
Filming improvisation: Jazz criticism’s neglect of film style
Authors: Pillai Nicolas 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
How is jazz filmed? This article argues that jazz criticism has prioritized the musical and historical authenticity of jazz films, but has neglected the ways in which film style creates and comments upon scenes of improvisation. How do films about jazz negotiate the ‘now’ of diegetic improvisation and the ‘then’ of the recorded, edited event? Analysis of mise-en-scéne, camera movement and the performance of actors are argued to be essential to an understanding of narrative fiction film’s depiction of improvisatory processes. Through close readings of two sequences in Young Man with a Horn (1950) by Curtiz and Round Midnight (1986a) by Tavernier, and by looking at past attempts to analyse these films, I suggest that we need a more refined understanding of what ‘improvisation’ means on film. By attending to the formal properties of film, criticism can discard tired debates around representation and authenticity.
Intra-Arterial Thrombolysis in Second Trimester of Pregnancy. A Case Report
Authors: Pongrácz Endre , Farkas Szabolcs , Csiba László 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Here we present a successful intra-arterial thrombolysis performed in the second trimester of pregnancy (21 weeks). The intervention resulted in complete recanalization of the occluded right middle cerebral artery and favourable clinical and gestational outcome. Together with cases described in respective medical literature our report affirms that in pregnancy acute ischemic stroke could be treated effectively applying intra-arterial thrombolysis (using rt-PA). This therapy could provide opportunity to help in such desperate situations.
Drug Closure of a Patent Ductus Arteriosus in An Extremely Low Birth Weight Premature Newborn. A Case Report
Authors: Moldovan Elena , Cucerea Manuela 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

Introduction: Patent ductus arteriosus involves maintaining the permeability of the vascular ductus located between the pulmonary artery and the descending aorta, due to the failure of transition from foetal to adult type circulation. This malformation is characteristic to premature newborns with extremely low birth weight. The main pathophysiological factors identified in this pathology are immaturity of the smooth muscles, presence of vasodilator mediators and persistent hypoxaemia. Ductal-dependent cardiac malformations require drug therapy for keeping the permeability of the ductus arteriosus until the time of corrective surgery.

Case presentation: We present the case of an extremely low birth weight premature newborn, derived from twin pregnancy with suspected specific pathology, respectively feto-fetal transfusion syndrome, admitted to the Regional Centre of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Tîrgu-Mureş.
Premature newborn with gestational age 31-32 weeks, extremely low birth weight, derived from twin pregnancy, with adequate prenatal follow up, was born by caesarean section for severe intrauterine growth restriction secondary to feto-fetal transfusion syndrome suspicion. The newborn developed respiratory distress syndrome by surfactant deficiency, intraventricular-haemorrhage grade I/II, and severe retinopathy. The detection of a systolic murmur in the second week of life, the diastolic theft revealed by trans-fontanellar ultrasound as well as lowered diastolic blood pressure values raised the suspicion of a patent ductus arteriosus and therefore specific treatment with ibuprofen, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, was initiated. Progressive alteration of the newborn's condition and the evidence of a coarctation of the aorta imposed the initiation of Prostaglandin E1 therapy and subsequent surgical correction.

Conclusions: Although beneficial, prophylactic or therapeutic closure of persistent ductus arteriosus
The Schooled Voice: Sound and Sense in the Victorian Schoolroom
Authors: Schroeder Janice 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This article examines the vocality of teachers and schoolchildren in nineteenth-century English education discourse. Drawing on Andrew Bell’s model of the monitorial schools of the early nineteenth century, as well as the annual reports of the school inspectorate for the Committee of Council on Education, the article investigates the disaggregation of vocal sound and linguistic meaning in speech training and reading instruction in the writing of the mass schoolroom. Of particular interest is the development of notions of the teacher’s voice as a potentially powerful vehicle for the development of moral selfhood. Children’s speaking voices were understood as crucial indices of an effective pedagogy, something which the Revised Code of 1862 simultaneously enshrined and misrecognized.
η1/η2-Isomerie bei Pentacarbonyl(thiobenzaldehyd)-Komplexen von Chrom und Wolfram
Authors: Fischer Helmut , Zeuner Siegfried 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The benzylidene(pentacarbonyl) complexes of chromium and tungsten (CO)5M = C(H)R [M = Cr, R = C6H4OMe-P (2a); M = W, R = Ph (2b), C6H4CF3-p (2c)] react with SCN- inserting sulfur into the M = C bond to give (CO)5M[S = C(H)R] (3a-c). From the reaction of (CO5W=C(H)R [R = Ph (2h), 2,4,A-C6H2Me3 (2d), C6H4Me-p (2e)] with S8 in CH2Cl2 the thiobenzaldehyde complexes (CO)5W[S=C(H)R] (3b, d, e) are obtained. In 3a and 3d the thiobenzaldehyde ligand is η1-bonded. However, a dynamic equilibrium between the η1- and the η2-isomeric forms is observed for the complexes 3b, 3c and 3e. The equilibrium constant is dependent on the aryl group, the solvent and the temperature. In hexane the η2-isomer is favored by its lower enthalpy. Because of the small but positive entropy of the reaction η2-3→η1-3, increasing temperatures shift the equilibrium towards the η1-isomer.
Synthese und Kristallstruktur des Bis(benzol)gallium(I)-tetrabromogallat(III)-Dimeren / Synthesis and Crystal Structure of the Bis(benzene)gallium (I) Tetrabromogallate(III) Dimer
Authors: Uson-Finkenzeller M. , Bublak W. , Huber B. , Müller G. , Schmidbaur H. 
Published: March 2015

Anhydrous Ga[GaBr4] is readily dissolved in benzene. The resulting solutions show discrete 71Ga NMR signals for Ga(I) und Ga(III) centers. Narrow line-widths of the former indicate a small electric field gradient of the Ga(I) nucleus due to almost spherical shielding by the 4 s2 lone pair of electrons.
Crystals obtained from the benzene solution on cooling have the stoichiometry [(C6H6)2Ga · GaBr4]2 ·3 C6H6, and are isomorphous with the analogous chloride compound: a = 9.390(2). b = 10.847(1), c = 13.118(2) Å; α = 85.54(1). β = 102.91(1). γ = 105.62(1)°; triclinic, space group Ρ1̄, Z = 1.
The centrosymmetric dimers are composed of bis(benzene)gallium(I) and tetrabromogallate(III) units bridged by six bromine atoms. Only two bromine atoms are not engaged in coordinative bonding. The two benzene rings are both η6-bonded to the gallium(I) center, but not equidistant. They are enclined by 57.5°. The remaining benzene molecules are crystal benzene with no specific cation or anion contacts.
Chemie polyfunktioneller Moleküle, 98. Oxidative Ringerweiterung des P3-Nortricyclans, 4-Methyl-1,2,6-triphosphatricycIo[2.2.1.02,6]heptan, mit Schwefel und Selen zu Hetero-Noradamantanen und -Adamantanen/ Chemistry of Polyfunctional Molecules, 98. Oxidative Ring Enlargement of the P3-Nortricyclane, 4-Methyl-1,2,6-triphosphatricyclo- [2.2.1.02,6]heptane, by Sulfur and Selenium to Hetero Noradamantanes and Adamantanes
Authors: Ellermann Jochen , Demuth Alfons A. M. , Bauer Walter 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
4-Methyl-1,2,6-triphosphatricyclo[2.2.1.02.6]heptane, CH3C(CH2P)3 (1) reacts with sulfur or selenium in the molar ratios of 1:3, 1:5 and 1:6 to yield the chalcogeno-dichalcogenatriphosphanoradamantanes CH3C (CH2P)3E2(E ) (E = S, Se; 2a, b), the dichalcogeno-trichalcogenatriphospha- adamantanes CH3C(CH2PE)3(E)2 (E = S, Se; 3a, b) and the trichalcogeno-trichalcogenatriphospha- adam antanes CH3C(CH2PE)3(E )3 (E = S, Se; 4a, b). The selenium derivative 4b could be detected only by 31P{1H} NM R spectroscopy. Main product in the 1:6 reaction of 1 with selenium is 3b.
Notizen: Phosphorverbindungen ungewöhnlicher Koordination, 12. Diels-Alder-Reaktionen mit tBu–C ≡ P – ein ergiebiger Weg zu λ3-Phosphininen/ Phosphorus Compounds with Unusual Coordination, 12. Diels-Alder Reactions with tB u–C≡ P–a Lucrative Access to λ3-Phosphinines
Authors: Rösch Wolfgang , Regitz Manfred 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Diels-Alder reactions of the phosphaalkyne 4 with the cyclic 1,3-dienes 5 generate the adducts 6 which decompose spontaneously under elimination of “X ” to yield the λ3-phosphinines 7. The bicyclic 9 decomposes into 7b on flash pyrolysis
Hochdrucksynthese und Kristallstruktur von Kalium- und Rubidiumdiwolframat(VI), K2W2O7 und Rb2W2O7 / High-Pressure Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Potassium and Rubidium Ditungstate(VI), K2W2O7 und Rb2W2O7
Authors: Range Klaus-Jürgen , Hegenbart Wilhelm , Heyns Anton M. , Rau Franz , Klement Ulrich 
Published: March 2015

Potassium tungstate, K2WO4, decomposes at high pressures to give K2W2O7 and other products. Single crystals of K2W2O7 could be synthesized from a mixture of K2WO4 + WO3 at 40kbar, 1000 °C. The crystals are monoclinic, space group P21/c, with a = 3.883(1) A, b = 13.653(4) Å, c = 5.960(1) Å, β = 90.40(3)°, and Ζ = 2.
The structure is comprise of distorted WO6-octahedra (W–O = 1.75-2.13 A) which are connected by corner- and edgesharing, thus forming layers with a sequence ABAB ... along [010]. The potassium ions are situated between the layers with K–O distances of 2.66-3.04 A.
Rb2W2O7, synthesized from a Rb2WO4/WO3-mixture at 40 kbar, 1000 °C, is isostructural with K2W2O7 (a = 3.9645(4) Å, b = 14.119(1) Å, c = 6.0415(5) Å,β = 90.446(9)°.
Ag2[Ph – C(NSiMe3)2]2 und Au2[Ph – C(NSiMe3)2]2: Amidinatokomplexe mit kurzen Metall–Metall-Abständen / Ag2[Ph—C(NSiMe3)2]2 and Au2[Ph—C(NSiMe3)2]2: Amidinato Complexes with Short Metal—Metal Distances
Authors: Fenske Dieter , Baum Gerhard , Zinn Alfred , Dehnicke Kurt 
Published: March 2015

The amidinato complexes of silver(I) and gold(I), M2[Ph—C(NSiMe3)2]2, have been prepared by the reaction of N,N,N′-tris(trimethylsilyl)benzamidine with AgO2CCH3, and ClAuCO, respectively, in acetonitrile suspensions. Both complexes were characterized by IR spectroscopy as well as by X-ray structure determinations.
Ag2[Ph—C(NSiMe3)2]2: Space group P1̄, Z = 2 (6408 observed unique reflexions, R = 0.023). Lattice dimensions at —10 °C: a = 1132.5(5), b = 1221.4(6), c = 1407.9(8) pm, α = 107.85(3), β = 106.63(4), γ = 91.54(3)°.
Au2[Ph—C(NSiMe3)2]2: Space group P1̄, Z = 2 (6654 observed unique reflexions, R = 0.043). Lattice dimensions at —73 °C: a = 1119.6(6), b = 1219.0(8), c = 1391.7(9) pm, α = 108.74(4), β= 106.70(5), γ = 91.49(4)°.
The compounds, which are isotypical, form dimeric molecules with short metal—metal contacts of Ag···Ag = 265.5(2) and Au···Au = 264.6(2) pm and two chelating amidinato ligands with Ag—N bond lengths of (averaged) 212.4(2) pm and Au—N bond lengths of 206.0(7) pm.
Chemie polyfunktioneller Moleküle, 106. Kupfer(I)halogenid — Komplexe des Bis(diphenylphosphino)amins / Chemistry of Polyfunctional Molecules, 106. Copper(I) Halide Complexes of Bis(diphenylphosphino)amine
Authors: Ellermann Jochen , Knoch Falk A. , Meier Klaus J. 
Published: March 2015

Reaction of Copper(I) halides CuX (X = Cl, Br, I) in methanol with bis(diphenylphosphino)amine (dppa, 1) yields complexes [Cu3X2(dppa)3]X (X = Cl, Br, I: 2a–c). The derivates [Cu3X2(dppa)3]PF6 (2a′–c′) have been synthesized by metatheses of 2a–c with NH4PF6. The IR, Raman, 31P{1H} NMR, 1H{31Ρ} NMR, 13C{1H} NMR spectra, and FD mass spectra as well as the conductivity data are reported and discussed together with the X-ray crystal structure of 2a · 5 CH3OH. The structure consists of the trinuclear cations [Cu3Cl2(dppa)3]+, distorted tetrahedral anions [Cl( · · · HOCH3)4]- and molecules of methanol of crystallization, hydrogen bridged to the solvated anions. The Cu3Cl2 core of the cations corresponds closely to a trigonal bipyramid with the copper atoms in the equatorial and the chlorine atoms in the axial positions. The colourless prisms of 2a · 5 CH3OH crystallize in the triclinic space group P1̅, with the lattice constants a = 1368.0(4); b = 1486.7(4); c = 2036.8(10) pm; α = 74.52(3); β = 74.73(3); γ = 82.26(2)°. Raman and 31P{1H} NMR data of the complexes [Cu(X)dppm]4 (dppm = (C6H5)2PCH2P(C6H5)2; X = Br, I) described earlier suggest that these compounds should also be formulated as [Cu3X2(dppm)3]X (4b, c).
The Raman spectra of the cations of 2a–c, 2a′–c′ and 4a–c show bands at 165 (X = Cl), 145 (X = Br) and 125 (X = I) cm-1, which can be assigned to the symmetric (XCu3X) stretching mode of the XCu3X unit.