bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A scoping review of food packaging life cycle assessments that account for packaging-related food waste
Authors: Hemachandra Samadhi , Hadjikakou Michalis , Pettigrew Simone 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The aims of this scoping review were to examine the extent to which food packaging life cycle assessment studies included food waste specifically attributed to food packaging, overall and by food category; synthesise outcomes in terms of the ability of packaging solutions to minimise food waste; and identify areas of future research to provide a comprehensive understanding of where future packaging LCA efforts could be directed.

Methods
This article presents a scoping review of 23 peer-reviewed papers on food packaging LCAs that explicitly accounted for packaging-related food waste. The articles were analysed by the major food product categories examined in the LCAs. The review examined the: (i) distribution of LCAs across food product categories, (ii) packaging materials/solutions assessed, (iii) food waste related packaging functions evaluated, and (iv) additional factors that influence packaging-related food waste (e.g., consumer behaviour).

Results and discussion
Most of the reviewed LCAs focused on food categories associated with high environmental impacts such as animal-based products (meat and dairy) and highly perishable products (fresh fruits and vegetables). Plastic was the most frequently evaluated packaging material. Shelf-life extension was the most evaluated food waste related packaging attribute, and was found to play an important role in preventing food waste, especially within high impact food categories.

Conclusions
The small number of studies identified in this review highlights a need for greater attention to food waste across more food categories in future food packaging LCAs. Similarly, there is considerable potential for greater consideration of packaging attributes relevant to different food product categories.
Hypercoagulable state and effect of low-molecular-weight heparin prophylaxis on coagulation after lung cancer resection: results from thrombo-elastography
Authors: Yang Xiaoxiao , Cai Yongsheng , Ke Lihui , Wei Bo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Lung cancer patients undergoing surgery are at increased risk for Venous thromboembolism (VTE). We monitored changes in perioperative coagulation status through Thrombo-elastography (TEG), and monitored the anticoagulant effect of low molecular weight heparin through TEG for the first time.

Methods
From July 2019 to January 2020, 207 patients receiving curative surgery were retrospectively screened. and 23 patients were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria. Blood samples were required at three time points (prior to, the first and third day after surgery). Some patients were administrated nadroparin calcium daily from the first day after surgery. Repeated measures ANOVA and Chi-square test were used to analyze the coagulation states variation. To balance the confounders, propensity score matching (PSM) was used to determine the differences of coagulation states between patients with or without Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) prophylaxis.

Results
In 184 patients, TEG parameters displayed significant procoagulant changes after lung surgery but conventional coagulation tests exhibited paradoxical trends. There were 6.5% (12/184) of patients identified as hypercoagulability before surgery. According to TEG results, the proportion of patients with hypercoagulability rose from 21.7% to 25% postoperatively, but more were classified into platelet or mixed hypercoagulability at third day compared with that at first day (3.8% vs 14.1%, P < 0.001). By PSM analysis, there were no significant differences in the proportion of hypercoagulable patients postoperatively between chemoprophylactic and nonprophylactic group.

Conclusions
TEG was eligible to distinguish changing states of hypercoagulability postoperatively and indicate the role of platelet in blood hypercoagulability. Administration of postoperative LMWH prophylaxis showed little mitigation on hypercoagulable states.
Large Process Models: A Vision for Business Process Management in the Age of Generative AI
Authors: Kampik Timotheus , Warmuth Christian , Rebmann Adrian , Agam Ron , Egger Lukas N. P. , Gerber Andreas , Hoffart Johannes , Kolk Jonas , Herzig Philipp , Decker Gero , van der Aa Han , Polyvyanyy Artem , Rinderle-Ma Stefanie , Weber Ingo , Weidlich Matthias 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe continued success of Large Language Models (LLMs) and other generative artificial intelligence approaches highlights the advantages that large information corpora can have over rigidly defined symbolic models, but also serves as a proof-point of the challenges that purely statistics-based approaches have in terms of safety and trustworthiness. As a framework for contextualizing the potential, as well as the limitations of LLMs and other foundation model-based technologies, we propose the concept of a Large Process Model (LPM) that combines the correlation power of LLMs with the analytical precision and reliability of knowledge-based systems and automated reasoning approaches. LPMs are envisioned to directly utilize the wealth of process management experience that experts have accumulated, as well as process performance data of organizations with diverse characteristics, e.g., regarding size, region, or industry. In this vision, the proposed LPM would enable organizations to receive context-specific (tailored) process and other business models, analytical deep-dives, and improvement recommendations. As such, it would allow to substantially decrease the time and effort required for business transformation, while also allowing for deeper, more impactful, and more actionable insights than previously possible. We argue that implementing an LPM is feasible, but also highlight limitations and research challenges that need to be solved to implement particular aspects of the LPM vision.
A practice already in use: a snapshot survey on the use of doxycycline as a preventive strategy (Doxy-PEP and Doxy-PrEP) in the GBMSM population in Spain
Authors: Sergio Villanueva Baselga , Ruben Mora , Luis Villegas 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose
. While doxycycline shows promise as a preventative measure against certain STIs (post-exposure prophylaxis or PEP, and pre-exposure prophylaxis or PrEP), very few medical and scientific associations favor its community use. Nevertheless, sexual health organizations for gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) community have noticed an increase in requests of its use.

Methods
. The sexual health organization “Stop Sida” in Spain launched an anonymous snapshot survey to evaluate the current use of doxycycline as prevention strategy (both PEP and PrEP) in Spain through its social networks and its support groups in telegram.

Results
. 150 valid answers were obtained from different parts of Spain. 82 respondents (54,6% of total) had ever taken doxycycline, out of which 29 (35,4%) indicated the use as doxy-PEP and 7 (8,5%) as doxy-PrEP. The self-reported rate of STI diagnoses (mainly of syphilis and chlamydia) in the past 12 months was lower among those participants who reported having used doxy-PEP compared with those who did not report using doxy-PEP. The most common ways to obtain the doxycycline were telling a specialist that they have had a risky contact or by using leftover pills from a previous treatment.

Conclusion
The current study is the first study to describe the use of doxycycline as a preventive strategy among the GBMSM community in Spain, and the first designed, launched and analyzed entirely by an NGO dealing with sexual health for the GBMSM community. The results obtained are aligned with other studies in other parts of Europe, such as Germany.
Identification methods for ordinal potential differential games
Authors: Varga Balint , Huang Da , Hohmann Sören 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper introduces two new identification methods for linear quadratic (LQ) ordinal potential differential games (OPDGs). Potential games are notable for their benefits, such as the computability and guaranteed existence of Nash Equilibria. While previous research has analyzed ordinal potential static games, their applicability to various engineering applications remains limited. Despite the earlier introduction of OPDGs, a systematic method for identifying a potential game for a given LQ differential game has not yet been developed. To address this gap, we propose two identification methods to provide the quadratic potential cost function for a given LQ differential game. Both methods are based on linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). The first method aims to minimize the condition number of the potential cost function’s parameters, offering a faster and more precise technique compared to earlier solutions. In addition, we present an evaluation of the feasibility of the structural requirements of the system. The second method, with a less rigid formulation, can identify LQ OPDGs in cases where the first method fails. These novel identification methods are verified through simulations, demonstrating their advantages and potential in designing and analyzing cooperative control systems.
Association between ambient fine particular matter components and subsequent cognitive impairment in community-dwelling older people: a prospective cohort study from eastern China
Authors: Zhang Tao , Liu Wenfeng , Yang Tao , Zhai Yujia , Gu Xue , Xu Le , Li Fudong , Wu Mengna , Lin Junfen 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Fine particular matter (PM2.5) has been associated with dementia, but limited information is available regarding the association between PM2.5 components and dementia.

Aims
We aimed to identify the major components of PM2.5 that affect cognitive function to further investigate its mechanism of action, and develop a prevention strategy for dementia.

Methods
In this study, we included 7804 participants aged ≥ 60 years recruited from seven counties in Zhejiang province, eastern China. The participants completed the baseline survey between 2014 and 2015, and were followed up until the end of 2020. We adopted single-component robust Poisson regression models for analyses, and estimated relative risks and 95% confidence intervals describing associations between the chemical constituents of PM2.5 exposure and incident cognitive impairment in those who were free from cognitive impairment at baseline.

Results
Significantly positive associations were observed between sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, and organic matter in PM2.5 and incident cognitive impairment across different exposure periods; the relative risks of 10-year exposure before enrollment ranged from 1.01 to 1.02. However, we did not find a significant association between black carbon and cognitive impairment. The point estimates of the relative risk values did not change substantially after performing the sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions
Our findings strengthen the idea that long-term exposure to PM2.5 mass and its chemical components is associated with an elevated risk of incident cognitive impairment among older adults.
Salinity Tolerance of Diplotaxis tenuifolia Varieties Growing in Spring–Summer Season Under Mediterranean Greenhouse and Optimal Growing Conditions
Authors: Cacini Sonia , Deligios Paola Antonia , Massa Daniele , Tripodi Pasquale , Alchera Federica , Ledda Luigi , Ginepro Marco , Melito Sara 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSalinity is one of the principal abiotic stresses that occurs in the Mediterranean area, causing loss of productivity and decrease of vegetable crop quality. The effect of salinity (0, 25, 75, 150 mM NaCl) was evaluated in three Diplotaxis tenuifolia varieties (Dragon Tongue, Capriccio, Piccante), previously selected for salinity tolerance and high glucosinolates production in leaves. The aim of this research was to explore the salinity tolerance of three wild rocket varieties cultivated under optimal temperature conditions and under high temperature that typically characterized the Mediterranean greenhouse. Biometric, biomass, pigment production and physiological parameters were evaluated. Biometric, physiological, and biochemical parameters significantly varied because of variety, salt level used and environmental conditions. PCA analysis highlighted that the two cultivation systems deeply affected the wild rockets response to salt stress. In general, under optimal growing conditions, wild rocket varieties showed higher growth parameters compared to greenhouse conditions. Overall Capriccio was the most susceptible variety to salinity, while Dragon Tongue (V1) and Piccante (V3) were more tolerant to salt stress. Furthermore, in both growing conditions V1 was the less productive variety while V3 showed an opposite trend. Interestingly, gene (DtOxo and DtGst) expression analysis revealed a significant increase of the target gene expression as response of salinity levels, with a clear increase of DtOxo level in V1 and V3. The results obtained in this study can be useful to plan future breeding programs aimed to increase rocket quality grown under Mediterranean conditions.
AI-based adaptive instructional systems for maritime safety training: a systematic literature review
Authors: Karimi Elham , Smith Jennifer , Billard Randy , Veitch Brian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAdaptive instructional systems (AISs) refer to educational interventions designed to accommodate individual learner differences. These systems employ various approaches, such as artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and data analytics, to analyze student performance and personalize the learning experience. This article presents a review of the current state-of-the-art of AI methods used in the development of AISs for maritime safety training. The main objective of this systematic literature review is to determine the use of AI/ML techniques in AIS and how they can contribute to the development of AIS for maritime education and training (MET) applications in addressing small data problems. Answering the research questions of the review identifies the fundamental purposes of using AI/ML techniques in developing AIS for MET. Further, the review highlights several crucial research areas, including AI techniques for modelling student and instructor knowledge, as well as ML algorithms for predicting student performance in situations with limited datasets.
PM2.5 and heavy metals in urban and agro-industrial areas: health risk assessment considerations
Authors: Park Shin-young , Jeon Jeong-In , Jung Ji-Yun , Yoon Sung-Won , Kwon Jaymin , Lee Cheol-Min 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe study investigated PM2.5 and heavy metal pollutant concentrations in Seoul and Wonju, South Korea, emphasizing the importance of considering PM2.5 chemical constituents for health impact assessments. While PM2.5 concentrations were similar between the two cities with slight variations, heavy metal concentrations differed significantly. Regional sources, PM2.5 composition, and meteorological conditions influenced these variations. Exposure to Fe was highest in all areas, with some heavy metals exceeding permissible levels, stressing the need to consider regional characteristics in assessments. Different heavy metals influence health risks differently in each city. When examining the HI (the summation of the hazard quotient for heavy metals), Seoul remained below an HI value of 1, while Wonju exceeded this threshold when exposed to CTE concentrations. In Seoul, As had a significant health impact of PM2.5, while in Wonju, Mn was more influential. Source apportionment confirmed different pollution sources in Seoul and Wonju, affecting the distribution of PM2.5 constituents in the atmosphere. Effective PM2.5 management requires a comprehensive approach considering chemical constituents and health impacts not just mass-based PM2.5 management, emphasizing regional-specific assessments and policy considerations to mitigate health risks. Therefore, tailored management strategies based on regional characteristics are necessary.
Graphical Abstract
Spatio-temporal variation of aerosol optical depth and black carbon mass concentration over five airports across Bangladesh: emphasis on effect of COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: Joy Khaled Shaifullah , Zaman Shahid Uz , Pavel Md. Riad Sarkar , Islam Md. Safiqul , Salam Abdus 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGlobally, the COVID-19 outbreak has had a devastating impact on both health and economy. In contrast, the reduction in anthropogenic emissions has resulted in a major improvement in air quality. In this study, US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) satellite datasets and related reanalysis model data were used with validation using ground-based data to evaluate the effects of aviation-based emissions on aerosol optical depth (AOD) and black carbon (BC). The contributions from five airports in Bangladesh were assessed during the pre-lockdown (01 Jan to 22 March), lockdown (23 March to 30 May), and post-lockdown (31 May to 30 Aug) periods in 2019 and 2020. The study’s findings show that during the 2020 lockdown, AOD and BC concentrations significantly decreased at all five airports. The overall decline of AOD was ~ 18.5% (13.1% to 22.8%) and BC was ~ 18.1% (16.6% to 22.2%) in 2020 compared to 2019. The three international airports that were examined—Dhaka, Chattagram, and Sylhet—showed an average reduction of about ~ 9.7%, while Jashore and Barisal—two domestic airports—saw a minor increase in AOD of ~ 0.8% over the same period. However, the average BC concentration at both international and domestic airports dropped by ~ 9.8% and ~ 10.2%, respectively. This is the first study to use reanalysis datasets in Bangladesh to evaluate air pollution levels and aviation-based emissions. The results highlight the significant impact of reduced aviation activity on air quality and provide valuable insights for future air pollution management strategies.
Graphical Abstract
Clay and Fe (oxyhydr)oxide mineralogy in the basalt weathering profile in Hainan (southern China): implications for pedogenesis process
Authors: Hong Hanlie , Wang Jiawei , Wang Chaowen , Liu Chen , Algeo Thomas J. , Zhao Lulu , Zhou Lian , Zhang Daqian , Fang Qian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In order to gain a better understanding of clay and Fe (oxyhydr)oxide minerals formed during pedogenesis of basalts in tropical monsoonal Hainan (southern China), a basalt-derived lateritic soil at Nanyang, Hainan, was investigated comprehensively. The results show that the lateritic regolith consists uniformly of kaolinite and Fe (oxyhydr)oxide minerals, with trace gibbsite only in the AE horizon. Abundant dioctahedral smectite in the basalt bedrock formed due to primary hydrothermal alteration, and transformed to kaolinite rapidly in the highly weathering saprolite horizon. The ‘crystallinity’ of kaolinite is notably low and its Hinckley index fluctuates along the soil profile, resulting from intense ferrolysis due to fluctuations between wet/dry climate conditions. From the base to the top of the profile, maghemite shows a decreasing trend, whereas magnetite, hematite, and goethite exhibit a slightly increasing trend, indicating that maghemite formed as an initial product of basalt weathering. Formation of Fe (oxyhydr)oxide species in basalt-derived soil is mainly controlled by local environmental conditions such as soil moisture, redox, and acidic conditions; thus, iron mineral-based paleoclimatic proxies could not be used for subtropical to tropical soils. The highly weathered saprolite has a similar δ56Fe value (+0.06‰) to that (+0.07‰) of the parent rock, while the AE to middle E horizons have greater δ56Fe values of +0.12‰ to +0.19‰. Fe isotopic signatures correlate positively with the Fe mass transfer coefficient (R2=0.77, n=6, ρ<0.05), indicating repetitive weathering and relative accumulation of isotopically heavier Fe in the upper soil horizons, which occurred by reductive dissolution of organic matter under oxic conditions, as reflected by the greater U/Th.
Measuring the efficacy of standard and novel disinfection methods on frequently used physical therapy equipment: a 2-phase prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Warren Bobby G. , Barrett Aaron , Graves Amanda , Fils-Aime Guerbine , Edelschick Jennifer , Cullinan Jolinda , McCottter Diandrea , Turner Nicholas A. , Anderson Deverick J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground:Frequently used physical therapy (PT) equipment is difficult to disinfect due to equipment material and shape. The efficacy of standard disinfection of PT equipment is poorly understood.Methods:We completed a 2-phase prospective microbiological analysis of fomites used in PT at our hospital from September 2022 to October 2023. For both phases, study fomites were obtained after usage and split into symmetrical halves for sampling. In phase 1, sides were sampled following standard disinfection. In phase 2, sides were randomized 1:1 to intervention or control. Samples were obtained before and after the intervention, a disinfection cabinet using Ultraviolet C (UV-C) and 6% nebulized hydrogen peroxide. We defined antimicrobial-resistant clinically important pathogens (AMR CIP) as methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus (VRE), and Multidrug resistant (MDR)-Gram-negatives and non-AMR CIP as methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), Vancomycin sensitive Enterococcus (VSE), and Gram-negatives. Three assessments were made: 1) contamination following standard disinfection (phase 1), 2) contamination postintervention compared to no disinfection (phase 2) and, 3) contamination following standard disinfection compared to postintervention (phase 1 vs phase 2 intervention).Results:The median total colony-forming units (CFU) from 122 study fomite samples was 1,348 (IQR 398–2,365). At the sample level, 52(43%) and 15(12%) of samples harbored any clinically important pathogens (CIPs) or AMR CIPs, respectively. The median CFU was 0 (IQR 0–55) in the intervention group and 977 (409–2,547) in the control group (P < .00001).Conclusion:Following standard disinfection, PT equipment remained heavily contaminated including AMR and non-AMR CIPs. Following the intervention, PT equipment was less contaminated and harbored no AMR CIPs compared to control sides supporting the efficacy of the intervention on difficult-to-disinfect PT fomites.
A Self‐Supervised Framework for Refined Reconstruction of Geophysical Fields via Domain Adaptation
Authors: Wang Liwen , Li Qian , Wang Tianying , Lv Qi , Peng Xuan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractReconstructing fine‐grained, detailed spatial structures from time‐evolving coarse‐scale geophysical fields has been a long‐standing challenge. Current deep learning approaches addressing this issue generally require massive fine‐scale fields as supervision, which is often unavailable due to limitations in existing observational systems and the scarcity of widespread high‐precision sensors. Here, we present AdaptDeep, a self‐supervised framework for refined reconstruction of geophysical fields via domain adaptation from the coarse‐scale source domain to the fine‐scale target domain. This method incorporates two pretext tasks, cropped field reconstruction and temporal augmentation‐assisted contrastive learning, to leverage spatial and temporal correlations in the target domain. A global propagation structure is proposed in the feature extraction network to leverage bidirectional information for enhanced long‐range dependencies and robustness against estimation errors. In experiments, AdaptDeep correctly identifies local, fine structures and significantly recovers 81.2% detailed information in sea surface temperature fields.