bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Engineering Strategy for Flexible Organic Crystal Materials Integrating Low Temperature Elasticity and Optical Waveguide Properties Based on Bromo‐Hydroxy Chalcone Derivatives
Authors: Yang Guiyi , Xin Haotian , Liang Zhengang , Zhang Yan , Wang Lei , Cheng Ziyi , Zhao Songfang , Liu Zhiqiang , Cao Duxia 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFlexible organic crystal materials with optical waveguide property have attracted much attention for various applications. Meanwhile, the rising demand for deep space and polar explorations have brought about a growing interest in materials with low temperature flexibility. However, the development of organic crystal materials integrating optical waveguide and low temperature elasticity remains a significant challenge. Here, three flexible organic crystals with bromo‐hydroxy chalcone backbone are developed via molecular engineering strategy. The 4BHIE crystal with 4‐bromo‐N‐ethyl substituent exhibits superior 2D elasticity under mechanical external forces with ≈180° bending and 1.30 mm of curvature. The low optical loss coefficient of only 0.309 dB mm−1 also demonstrates potential applications in flexible optoelectronic waveguides. Interestingly, the introduction of a longer alkyl chain onto N atom of indole moiety (4BHIB) exhibits more remarkable flexibility with 0.35 mm of curvature due to its richer and more complex network of intermolecular interactions compared with that of 4BHIE. Furthermore, 5BHIE crystal with 5‐bromo‐N‐ethyl substituent shows not only elasticity at room temperature but also low‐temperature elasticity in liquid nitrogen with reversible temperature response owing to the strengthening intermolecular interactions at low temperature. 5BHIE crystal displays potential optical waveguide application in low temperature environments.
Tandem Electrochemical Redox/Condensation Reaction Between 2‐Amino Nitrobenzenes and Aliphatic Alcohols: An Approach to Benzimidazoles
Authors: Zhang Zenghui , Yang Wenjing , Liu Changji , Yu Xiao , Song Shuyong , Xia Chengcai 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTandem reactions via electrocatalytic annulations have emerged as a strategy for the construction of heterocycles. Herein, a two‐component electrochemical annulation via sequential reduction, oxidation, and condensation steps to synthesize valuable benzimidazoles motifs is reported. This reaction, which utilizes electricity as both the oxidants and reductants, tolerates a broad range of functional groups. Detailed mechanistic studies including control experiments, cyclic voltammetry (CV) analysis, and key reaction intermediate characterization, reveals an intermolecular electrochemical redox/cyclization pathway.
Enantiocomplementary Synthesis of Tetrahydrofurans by Engineered Halohydrin Dehalogenases
Authors: Hu Yujing , Wang Wenjing , Zhao Mingye , Chen Jie , Kong Shuyang , Zhu Ning , Fang Zheng , Peng Yongzhen , Wu Qi , Guo Kai 
Published: August 2024

AbstractChiral tetrahydrofurans are prevalent structural motifs in biologically active compounds, approved drugs and natural products, but relevant enantiocomplementary synthesis remains underdeveloped. In this study, wild type halohydrin dehalogenase HheC from Agrobacterium radiobacter AD1, was first discovered to enable the intramolecular substitution of δ‐halohydrins for the formation of tetrahydrofurans but with unsatisfied activity and stereoselectivity. Through structure‐guided protein engineering, two completely enantiocomplementary variants T134M and P84L/W139A of HheC were obtained for the synthesis of tetrahydrofurans by the kinetic resolution of δ‐halohydrins (both giving products with up to 99% e.e., E>200). This research unveiled the halohydrin dehalogenases’ catalytic ability to form chiral cyclic ethers larger ring size than three‐membered epoxides, which has hitherto been unexplored, and provided an enzymatic synthesis access to valuably enantiocomplementary tetrahydrofurans.
Does adding legumes to tall fescue pastures before stockpiling improve productivity and animal performance?
Authors: Corbin Michael D. , Nave Renata L. G. , Naumann Harley D. , Bates Gary E. , Boyer Christopher , de Almeida Otávio G. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe rising prices of N fertilizer led to exploring cost‐saving efforts, such as intercropping cool‐ or warm‐season legumes serving as alternative sources of N for managing fall‐stockpiled tall fescue [Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort.; TF]. We aimed to evaluate red clover (Trifolium pratense L.; RC) and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.; SH) mixed with TF as alternative sources of N for stockpiling TF to increase productivity and animal performance. The experiment was conducted in Crossville, TN, in 2020 and 2021 and consisted of TF pastures mixed with RC (TRC) or SH (TSH), and TF fertilized with urea (TU). The experiment was divided into two periods: the pre‐grazing period (stockpiling) (April–October) and the grazing period (October–December). After the stockpiling period, Black Angus beef (Bos taurus) steers were used for the grazing period. The study evaluated the botanical composition, herbage mass (HM), nutritive value, steer average daily gain (ADG), and net returns (NR). The TRC pastures had a greater proportion of legumes compared to TSH plots in May, October, November, and December of both years. There were no differences among treatments for the total HM and nutritive value in 2020; however, in 2021, TU had greater HM at the beginning of the grazing period and greater average crude protein values compared to the other treatments. In both years, there were no differences among treatments for ADG or NR. Therefore, producers can make the same profit considering the beef steer price and the cost of conventional and alternative N sources.
Intraluminal washout in rectal and sigmoid colon cancer surgeries with double‐stapling technique anastomosis: A single‐institution prospective study
Authors: Furuya Shinji , Shiraishi Kensuke , Shimizu Hiroki , Takiguchi Koichi , Sudo Makoto , Hidenori Akaike , Kawaguchi Yoshihiko , Amemiya Hidetake , Kondo Tetsuo , Ichikawa Daisuke 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimThis study aimed to determine the necessity of intraluminal washout through cytological assessment to prevent implantation of exfoliated cancer cells (ECCs) in patients with rectal and sigmoid cancers.MethodsWe studied 140 patients with either sigmoid or rectal cancer who underwent anastomosis surgery using a double‐stapling technique. An intraluminal washout sample was collected before and after irrigation with 1000, 1500, or 2000 mL of physiological saline or distilled water. Cytological assessments were conducted using the Papanicolaou classification system, where classes IV and V indicated positive cytological findings.ResultsInitially, 46.4% of the patients (65 out of 140) had positive ECCs. Patients with cancer cells had a significantly shorter distal free margin (DM) from the tumor (p < 0.001). The length of the DM was significantly associated with the tumor distance from the anal verge (p < 0.001). After irrigation with 2000 mL, ECCs were found in only 7.3% of patients. Logistic regression analysis showed that DM (≤50 mm) and tumor size (≥50 mm) were independent risk factors for positive ECCs after intraluminal washout, regardless of the type of irrigation solution used.ConclusionIn patients with sigmoid colon cancer, adequate preoperative bowel preparation, a long DM, and a small tumor size, a 1000 mL intraluminal washout may be sufficient. By contrast, in patients with rectal cancer with a short DM and a large tumor size, a ≥2000 mL intraluminal washout is required. The different types of irrigation solution did not affect the ECCs. Large randomized controlled trials are required to confirm these results.
Significance of Variants of Uncertain Significance: The Human Cost of Genetic Uncertainty
Authors: Gonullu‐Rotman Damla 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTThis piece narrates the journey of Maria (name of the mother has been altered to protect the family's privacy), a new mother confronting her newborn's unexpected diagnosis of very long chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) deficiency, despite undergoing proactive genetic carrier screening within a consanguineous marriage. It highlights the emotional and systemic challenges arising from the lack of diversity in genetic databases, which, in this case, failed to detect pathogenic variants in Maria and her husband. Maria's story sheds light on situations where a masked variant of uncertain significance (VUS) necessitates consultation with a trained genetics specialist and underscores the urgent need for a more equitable healthcare system.
CPAP‐induced sphenoid sinus pressures after endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: D'Souza Glen E. , Duffy Alexander , Mandloi Shreya , Garvey Emily , Naimi Bita , Hannikainen Paavali , Benedict Peter , Nyquist Gurston N. , Farrell Christopher , Rosen Marc , Toskala Elina , Evans James , Rabinowitz Mindy R. 
Published: August 2024

Key points
Positive pressure transmitted from continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) to the sinuses and skull base in the early post‐operative period has not been studied in live subjects and controversy exists in when to restart this post‐operatively.
This study found that approximately 32.76% and 13.52% of the delivered CPAP pressures reached the post‐surgical sphenoid sinus and the mid‐nasal cavity, respectively, suggesting that surgical factors such as tissue edema, nasal packing, blood, and nasal secretions may provide a protective effect.
Generic competition and prices for azelastine‐fluticasone nasal spray
Authors: Bhat Akash M. , Soler Zachary M. , Schlosser Rodney J. , Scangas George A. , Workman Alan D. , Rathi Vinay K. 
Published: August 2024

Key points
The original manufacturer of azelastine‒fluticasone (AZ‒FL) prevented generic availability until 2020 via patent enforcement.
Following generic availability of AZ‒FL, Medicare utilization increased and spending decreased.
Retail prices for generic AZ‒FL remain high due to markup by manufacturers and pharmacies.
The effect of open‐label placebo on allergic rhinitis symptoms: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Albazee Ebraheem , Alharran Abdullah M. , Alzayed Mooza M. 
Published: August 2024

Key points
The evidence regarding the open‐label placebo effect on allergic rhinitis symptoms remains uncertain.
Open‐label placebo significantly reduced the frequency of symptoms in allergic rhinitis patients with similar safety profiles; however, there was no effect on the severity of symptoms and impairment due to symptoms.
The statistically significant impact on symptom frequency can be considered not clinically significant.
Synergistic associations of CD33 variants and hypertension with brain and cognitive aging among dementia‐free older adults: A population‐based study
Authors: Zhu Min , Tian Xunyao , Han Xiaodong , Ma Yixun , Fa Wenxin , Wang Nan , Liu Rui , Dong Yi , Ren Yifei , Liu Cuicui , Tian Na , Zhang Heng , Song Lin , Tang Shi , Cong Lin , Wang Yongxiang , Hou Tingting , Qiu Chengxuan , Du Yifeng ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: August 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONCD33 rs3865444 and hypertension (HTN) are related to cognitive impairment, individually. However, little is known about their combined effects on cognitive function in older adults.METHODSThis population‐based study included 4368 dementia‐free participants (age ≥65 years) in the Multimodal Interventions to Delay Dementia and Disability in Rural China (MIND‐China), with data available in 1044 persons for gray matter volume and 85 persons for cerebral blood flow (CBF). We used general linear regression and mediation models to examine the associations of rs3865444 and HTN with cognition, brain atrophy, and CBF.RESULTSAmong rs3865444 CC carriers, HTN and late‐life HTN were significantly associated with impaired cognition. Midlife and late‐life HTN were correlated with brain atrophy. CD33 rs3865444 CC moderated the mediation effect of gray matter volume on the association between HTN and global cognition. HTN was correlated with low CBF in rs3865444 CC carriers.DISCUSSIONThere are synergistic associations of CD33 rs3865444 and HTN with brain and cognitive aging in dementia‐free older adults.
Ischemic stroke associated with amyloid‐related imaging abnormalities in a patient treated with lecanemab
Authors: Gibson Alec W. , Elser Holly , Rosso Michela , Cornblath Eli J. , Fonkeu Yombe , Prasad Sashank , Rothstein Aaron , Nasrallah Ilya M. , Wolk David A. , Guo Michael H. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONAnti‐amyloid antibody therapies such as lecanemab are increasingly being used to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD). These therapies are associated with a high rate of amyloid‐related imaging abnormalities (ARIA).METHODSWe review the case history of a patient who developed ARIA associated with lecanemab treatment.RESULTSIn addition to microhemorrhages and cerebral edema that are recognized features of ARIA, the patient developed several ischemic strokes. The patient also experienced frequent electrographic seizures without overt clinical seizures. The patient demonstrated clinical and radiographic improvement after steroid treatment.DISCUSSIONOur case suggests that ischemic strokes may be a feature of ARIA and highlights the importance of having a high clinical suspicion for seizures in ARIA. As anti‐amyloid therapies are likely going to be increasingly used to treat AD, it is important to appreciate the spectrum of clinical and radiographic findings that can result as side effects from this class of therapies.Highlights
We report a patient who developed severe amyloid‐related imaging abnormalities (ARIA) after treatment with lecanemab.
Our report suggests that ischemic strokes may be a novel imaging feature of ARIA.
Our report highlights the need for high clinical suspicion for seizures in ARIA.
Fetal Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage Imaging Patterns, Etiology, and Outcomes: A Single Center Cohort Study
Authors: Vassar Rachel , George Elizabeth , Mogga Andrew , Li Yi , Norton Mary E. , Glenn Orit , Gano Dawn 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveThis study examines associations among fetal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) injury patterns, etiologies, and outcomes in fetal intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH).MethodsThis is a retrospective, single‐center cohort study of IPH diagnosed on fetal MRI (1996–2022). IPH and associated abnormalities were categorized by 2 pediatric neuroradiologists; electronic medical records were reviewed by 2 pediatric neurologists to classify etiology and outcomes including cerebral palsy, epilepsy, developmental delay, and death.ResultsForty‐four fetuses with IPH were identified (34 singleton and 10 twin gestations) with MRI at median 24 weeks gestation (interquartile range [IQR] = 22–28 weeks). IPH was commonly supratentorial (84%) and focal (50%) or focal with diffuse injury (43%) and was often associated with germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH; 75%) and/or intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH; 52%). An etiology was identified in 75%, including twin‐twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS, n = 10), COL4A1/2 variants (n = 8), or other fetal/maternal conditions (n = 15). COL4A1/2 variants were associated with focal IPH and the presence of hemorrhagic porencephaly, and intrauterine transfusion was associated with infratentorial hemorrhage. Twenty‐two fetuses were liveborn, and 18 pregnancies were terminated. Among those with follow‐up ≥ 12 months (median = 7 years), 12 of 13 had cerebral palsy, 6 of 13 had developmental delay, and 5 of 13 had epilepsy.InterpretationAn etiology for fetal IPH with or without GMH‐IVH is identified in most cases in our cohort and is commonly TTTS, COL4A1/2 variants, or other maternal/fetal comorbidities. Pattern of fetal IPH on MRI is associated with etiology. Cerebral palsy and neurodevelopmental impairment were common in liveborn infants. Genetic studies should be considered in cases of fetal IPH without an otherwise apparent cause. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:1137–1147
Energy Localization and Topological Defect in Spherical Non‐Hermitian Topolectrical Circuits
Authors: Shen Xizhou , Wang Xiumei , Guo Haotian , Zhou Xingping 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis work examines the energy localization in non‐Hermitian systems, with a particular focus on the influence of topological defects in spherical models. Alterations in the mode distribution are explored within non‐Hermitian Su‐Schrieffer‐Heeger (SSH) chains affected by these defects, utilizing the Maximum Skin Corner Weight (MaxWSC) metric. An innovative spherical model is introduced, created by segmenting spheres into 1D chain structures, to study the non‐Hermitian skin effect (NHSE) within a spherical geometric framework. Experimental validations conducted on Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) corroborate the theoretical insights. These findings not only substantiate the theoretical approach but also illustrate the capability of engineered circuit systems to mimic complex non‐Hermitian phenomena, highlighting the utility of spherical geometries in exploring NHSE and topological phenomena in non‐Hermitian systems.
Synthesis of Multifunctional Organic Molecules via Michael Addition Reaction to Manage Perovskite Crystallization and Defect
Authors: Liang Hongbo , Chen Jing , Zhu Wenjing , Ma Fengqiang , Li Na , Gu Hao , Xia Junmin , Lin Yuexin , Yang Wenhan , Zhang Sen , Zhang Yueshuai , Han Bingyu , Yang Shengchun , Ding Shujiang , Liang Chao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAdditive engineering plays a pivotal role in achieving high‐quality light‐absorbing layers for high‐performance and stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Various functional groups within the additives exert distinct regulatory effects on the perovskite layer. However, few additive molecules can synergistically fulfill the dual functions of regulating crystallization and passivating defects. Here, we custom‐synthesized 2‐ureido‐4‐pyrimidone (UPy) organic small molecules with diverse functional groups as additives to modulate crystallization and defects in perovskite films via the Michael addition reaction. Theoretical and experimental investigations demonstrate that the −OH groups in UPy exhibit significant effects in fixing uncoordinated Pb2+ ions, passivation of lead‐iodide antisite defects, alleviating hysteresis, and reducing non‐radiative recombination. Furthermore, the enhanced C=O and −NH2 motifs interact with the A‐site cation via hydrogen bonding, which relieves residual strain and adjusts crystal orientation. This strategy effectively controls perovskite crystallization and passivates defects, ultimately enhancing the quality of perovskite films. Consequently, the open‐circuit voltage of the UPy‐based p‐i‐n PSCs reaches 1.20 V, and the fill factor surpasses 84 %. The champion device delivers a power conversion efficiency of 25.75 %. Remarkably, the unencapsulated device maintained 96.9 % and 94.5 % of its initial efficiency following 3,360 hours of dark storage and 1,866 hours of 1‐sun illumination, respectively.
Regulating Electron‐Phonon Coupling by Solid Additive for Efficient Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Ge Zhongwei , Qiao Jiawei , Li Yun , Song Jiali , Duan Xiaopeng , Fu Zhen , Hu Haixia , Yang Renqiang , Yin Hang , Hao Xiaotao , Sun Yanming 
Published: August 2024

AbstractStrong electron‐phonon coupling can hinder exciton transport and induce undesirable non‐radiative recombination, resulting in a shortened exciton diffusion distance and constrained exciton dissociation in organic solar cells (OSCs). Therefore, suppressing electron‐phonon coupling is crucially important for achieveing high‐performance OSCs. Here, we employ the solid additive to regulating electron‐phonon coupling in OSCs. The planar configuration of SA1 confers a significant advantage in suppressing lattice vibrations in the active layers, reducing the scattering of excitons by phonons. Consequently, a slow but sustained hole transfer process is identified in the SA1‐assisted film, indicating an enhancement in hole transfer efficiency. Prolonged exciton diffusion length and exciton lifetime are achieved in the blend film processed with SA1, attributed to a low non‐radiative recombination rate and low energetic disorder for charge carrier transport. As a result, a high efficiency of 20 % was achieved for ternary device with a remarkable short‐circuit current. This work highlights the important role of suppressing electron‐phonon coupling in improving the photovoltaic performance of OSCs.
Asymmetric Counteranion‐Directed Electrocatalysis for Enantioselective Control of Radical Cation
Authors: Xu Zhenhui , Zheng Changdi , Lin Jie , Huang Weiwei , Song Dingguo , Zhong Weihui , Ling Fei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe control of enantioselectivity in radical cation reactions presents long‐standing challenges, despite a few successful examples. We introduce a novel strategy of asymmetric counteranion‐directed electrocatalysis to address enantioselectivity in radical cation chemistry. This concept has been successfully demonstrated in two reactions: an asymmetric dehydrogenative indole‐phenol [3+2] coupling and an atroposelective C−H/N−H dehydrogenative coupling. These reactions have enabled the synthesis of benzofuroindolines and C−N axially chiral indoles with high yields and excellent enantiomeric excesses. Detailed mechanistic studies confirmed a radical‐radical coupling mechanism. Moreover, density functional theory (DFT) calculations supported the indole radical cation as the pivotal intermediate, rather than a neutral indolyl radical, shedding new light on the underlying processes driving these reactions.
Multilayer‐coated polyphenylsulfone membranes with superior antifouling properties of PEG‐NH2 hydrogel for ultrafiltration process
Authors: Feizolahi Sahar , Pakizeh Majid , Namvar‐Mahboub Mahdieh 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study explores application of poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG)‐based hydrogel to improve the antifouling properties and performance of polyphenylsulfone (PPSU) membrane. The modification of PPSU membrane was performed via coating different ratio of polydopamine (PDA) to 3‐(aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) as interlayer on surface of PPSU membrane followed by grafting of PEG‐NH2 hydrogel. The as‐prepared membranes were characterized and results confirmed the successful coating of interlayer and hydrogel. The performance of as‐prepared membranes was measured using pure water flux, humic acid (HA), and bovine serum albumin (BSA) separation. The PDA‐APTES (50:50) was selected as the optimal interlayer to graft hydrogel with respect to their superior effect on properties of resultant membrane. The permeate flux and HA rejection increased from 35.2 LMH and 55% for pristine PPSU membrane to 83 LMH and 96% for optimal membrane. For optimal membrane the flux recovery ratio (FRR) value of 96% and 93% determined for BSA and HA separation, respectively. Chemical stability examined and the results confirmed that the hydrogel‐coated membrane was more stable in acidic media compared with alkali media. In summary, the simultaneous presence of the interlayer and the grafted hydrogel had a great impact on the morphology, performance, anticlogging properties, and acid resistance of the modified membranes.