bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Fisher Hypothesis and Its Implications for Defined Benefits
Authors: Leung Andrew P. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Asset liability management is often employed for managing the risks associated with defined benefits. Liability Driven Investment is a recent phenomenon in financial circles, promising a coherent framework for achieving this aim. It has been focused on managing interest rate risks by appropriate debt strategies. However the formulation of debt strategies needs to take explicit account of one characteristic that affects most liabilities, namely inflation. This factor generates as much risk as interest rates; moreover it is intimately related to them. We examine this issue in depth, and consider the economic relationships between interest rates and inflation. This is conducted in the light of the Fisher Hypothesis. We show that this analysis has significant implications for nominal debt strategies.
Biodiversity and toxin production of cyanobacteria in mangrove swamps in the Red Sea off the southern coast of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Mohamed Zakaria A. , Al-Shehri Abdulrahman M. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
This study investigated the diversity and toxin production of cyanobacteria forming microbial mats on the soil surface and mangrove pneumatophores in three different mangrove swamps in the Red Sea off the southern coast of Saudi Arabia. In total, 34 species belonging to 15 genera and five families were recorded. Benthic mats had higher numbers of species (25–31) than pneumatophore mats (10–12). Cyanobacterial biodiversity (H) and species evenness (E) were greater in benthic mats (H=2.52–2.83 and E=0.79–0.83) than in pneumatophore mats (H=1.7–1.82 and E=0.73–0.74). The results showed high similarity of species between different mangrove sites (67.6%–91.7%) and low similarity between benthic and pneumatophore mats at the same site (32.3%–35.75%). During this study, only nine cyanobacterial species were successfully isolated and tested for their toxicity. The extracts of these species exhibited toxicity to Artemia salina (LC50=0.3–5.1 mg l-1). Based on the results of ELISA and HPLC analyses, four species were found to produce microcystins (683–974 μg g-1) and three species produced saxitoxins (58.9–93.8 μg g-1). The presence of toxic cyanobacteria and their toxins in mangrove swamps may pose a risk for marine animals because these toxins can accumulate in aquatic food webs with a potential for transfer to higher trophic levels.
Sexual reproduction of the Lessepsian seagrass Halophila stipulacea in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Gerakaris Vasileios , Tsiamis Konstantinos 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Sexual reproduction has hardly ever been reported in the Lessepsian seagrass Halophila stipulacea in the Mediterranean Sea. In the present study, fertile plants bearing fruits are reported for the first time from the North Aegean Sea, and for the second time from the whole Mediterranean Basin, confirming a successful and complete sexual reproduction of the species in the Mediterranean environment. In August 2012 on Chios Island, a large population of this plant in the northernmost limit of its Aegean Sea distribution was found and it was concluded that the fertility of the plants could be a response to the warming of the Mediterranean Sea, and may suggest that a further expansion of the species is occurring.
Language management in the regional conflicts in the Sudans
Authors: Jernudd Björn H. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe ruling elite at the center of Sudan emulates an “Arab” ideology in order to further its interests and legitimate its claims. Their ideology is defined by Arabic as the vehicle of divine expression, and the possession and use of Arabic is a source of their identity. People in the conflicted peripheries have reacted in various ways to the center's position on language and it is critical to the relation to South Sudan. This article attempts to bring together some facts of language management by people in and from the conflict zones of the Sudan, and also South Sudan.
INDEXING AUTHENTICITY: THE LINGUISTIC LANDSCAPE OF AN IRISH TOURIST TOWN
Authors: Moriarty Mairead 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis article examines the linguistic landscape (LL) of Dingle, the centre for a peripheral minority language community on the Southwestern seaboard of Ireland. Dingle is a popular touristic space located within the boundary of the Gaeltacht and for this reason offers a unique setting for the examination of issues prevalent in the sociolinguistics of globalization (cf. Blommaert 2010; Coupland 2010a) including authenticity and commodification. In particular these issues are examined through an analysis of linguistic and other semiotic resources that are drawn on in this touristic space. By mapping the LL the specific aim of the study is to plot the trajectory of the Irish language as a resource for indexing Dingle as an authentic tourist space. A qualitative approach to the data is taken in an effort to uncover the symbolic and cultural resources being activated in the LL of Dingle. The study highlights how minority languages, like Irish, get mobilized as valuable resources and commodities in the context of tourism and the potential impact of this for the local political economy of language.
Interaction with geospatial data
Authors: Schöning Johannes 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
My research interest lies at the interaction between human-computer interaction (HCI) and geoinformatics. I am interested in developing new methods and novel user interfaces to navigate through spatial information. This article will give a brief overview on my past and current research topics and streams. Generally speaking, geography is playing an increasingly important role in computer science and also in the field of HCI ranging from social computing to natural user interfaces (NUIs). At the same time, research in geography has focused more and more on technology-mediated interaction with spatiotemporal phenomena. By bridging the two fields, my aim is to exploit this fruitful intersection between those two and develop, design and evaluate user interfaces that help people to solve their daily tasks more enjoyable and effectively.
Teaching at a university of applied sciences
Authors: Schultes Dominik 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
A university of applied sciences focuses on both application and science. Before becoming a professor at a university of applied sciences, I got in touch with both worlds: the purely scientific one, doing research in the field of algorithm engineering, and the `real' one, working in large software development projects. After making these experiences, I am convinced that the approach of a university of applied sciences is a very good one.
A study on quality metrics vs. human perception: Can visual measures help us to filter visualizations of interest?
Authors: Lehmann Dirk J. , Hundt Sebastian , Theisel Holger 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The number of visualizations being required for a complete view on
data non-linearly grows with the number of data dimensions. Thus,
relevant visualizations need to be filtered to guide the user during
the visual search. A popular filter approach is the usage of quality
metrics, which map a visual pattern to a real number. This way,
visualizations that contain interesting patterns are
automatically detected. Quality metrics are
a useful tool in visual analysis, if they resemble the human
perception. In this work we present a broad study to examine the
relation between filtering relevant visualizations based on human
perception versus quality metrics. For this, seven
widely-used quality metrics were tested on five
high-dimensional datasets, covering scatterplots, parallel
coordinates, and radial visualizations. In total, 102 participants
were available. The results of our studies show that quality
metrics often work similar to the human perception. Interestingly,
a subset of so-called Scagnostic measures does the best job.
Image analysis in epidemiological applications
Authors: Toennies Klaus D. , Gloger Oliver , Rak Marko , Winkler Charlotte , Klemm Paul , Preim Bernhard , Völzke Henry 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
A rising number of epidemiological studies apply imaging technologies. Images are not features themselves but provide raw data from which features are extracted. Different to other applications of analysis of medical images the data is analyzed statistically across the cohort. It results in unique requirements regarding the development of methods to efficiently integrate varying domain knowledge into the process without compromising comparability of results across subjects or time. Examples from two different strategies are presented and discussed.
Visual analytics for video applications
Authors: Tanisaro Pattreeya , Schöning Julius , Kurzhals Kuno , Heidemann Gunther , Weiskopf Daniel 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
In this article, we describe the concept of video visual analytics
with a special focus on the reasoning process in the sensemaking loop. To
illustrate this concept with real application scenarios, two visual analytics
(VA) tools are discussed in detail that cover the sensemaking process: (i) for
video surveillance, and (ii) for eye-tracking data analysis. Surveillance data
(i) allow discussion of key VA topics such as browsing and playback,
situational awareness, and the deduction of reasoning. Using example (ii) –
eye tracking data from persons watching video – we review application
features such as the spatio-temporal visualization along with clustering, and
identification of attentional synchrony between participants. We examine how
these features can support
the VA process. Based on this, open challenges in video VA will be discussed.
EMIA: Emotion Model for Intelligent Agent
Authors: Jain Shikha , Asawa Krishna 
Published: January 2015

AbstractEmotions play a significant role in human cognitive processes such as attention, motivation, learning, memory, and decision making. Many researchers have worked in the field of incorporating emotions in a cognitive agent. However, each model has its own merits and demerits. Moreover, most studies on emotion focus on steady-state emotions than emotion switching. Thus, in this article, a domain-independent computational model of emotions for intelligent agent is proposed that have modules for emotion elicitation, emotion regulation, and emotion transition. The model is built on some well-known psychological theories such as appraisal theories of emotions, emotion regulation theory, and multistore human memory model. The design of the model is using the concept of fuzzy logic to handle uncertain and subjective information. The main focus is on primary emotions as suggested by Ekman; however, simultaneous elicitation of multiple emotions (called secondary emotion) is also supported by the model.
Das interdisziplinäre Liquorlabor
Authors: Petersmann Astrid , Roser Markus , Kessler Christof , Nauck Matthias , Dressel Alexander 
Published: January 2015

Zusammenfassung
Die Analyse von Liquorproben stellt hohe Anforderungen an das durchführende Laboratorium. Neben der Richtlinie der Bundesärztekammer zur Qualitätssicherung laboratoriumsmedizinischer Untersuchungen (RiLiBÄK) finden u.a. die Richtlinien und der Methodenkatalog der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Liquordiagnostik und Klinische Neurochemie e.V. (DGLN) Anwendung. Historisch bedingt wird die Liquordiagnostik in Laboratorien mit enger Anbindung an Neurologische Einrichtungen durchgeführt. Generell wird Liquordiagnostik von Zentrallaboratorien angeboten, zum Teil weil keine eigenständigen neurologische Laboratorien bestehen, zum Teil, um die Nacht- und Wochenendzeiten für die akute Patientenversorgung abzudecken. Die Folge können Doppelstrukturen mit Unterschieden z.B. in den verwendeten Methoden, Bewertung von Ergebnissen oder Berichtswegen sein. Ein interdisziplinäres Liquorlaboratorium führt die Expertise beider Fachdisziplinen zusammen mit einem großen Nutzen für die Qualität der Patientenversorgung bei verbesserten wirtschaftlichen Rahmenbedingungen.
Regional adjustment of thyroid hormone reference intervals
Authors: Ganslmeier Mira , Castrop Claudia , Scheidhauer Klemens , Rondak Ina-Christine , Luppa Peter B. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract

Background: We conducted a study in a metropolitan area to establish regional reference intervals for thyreotropin (TSH) and the thyroid hormones free triiodthyronine (fT3) and free thyroxine (fT4). This was due to the different reference ranges, based on varying regional trials, presented for a widely used electrochemiluminescence immunoassay system.

Methods: We investigated 292 apparently healthy adult subjects and excluded those with known history of thyroid disease, abnormal findings in the ultrasonographic examination of the thyroid gland, or elevated thyroid autoantibodies in serum. Accordingly, 204 of 292 subjects were included as the reference collective. We measured serum concentrations of TSH, fT3, and fT4 using the Elecsys assays from Roche Diagnostics and calculated the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles.

Results: The nonparametrically calculated reference values for TSH and fT4 were 0.58–3.49 mIU/L and 11.58–20.46 pmol/L, respectively. Statistically remarkable is the finding of a normal Gaussian distribution of the fT3 serum concentration, leading to the parametric reference interval of 3.56–5.88 pmol/L.

Conclusions: The established reference values for this regional collective showed tighter intervals than the reference ranges provided by the manufacturer. A carefully selected study population, based on the correspondent National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry criteria, ensured a valid set of reference ranges for TSH, fT3, and fT4, providing a basis for accurate in vitro thyroid testing. The 2.5th percentile for the fT3 is now in better accordance with clinical findings.
Systematik der korrekten Laborabrechnung – rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen
Authors: Rathenberg Jan , Ivandic Boris , Wohlfart Cornelia 
Published: January 2015

Zusammenfassung
Die Abrechnung von ärztlichen Laboruntersuchungen scheint zunächst allen Beteiligten – Arztpraxen, Kliniken, Laboren – eindeutig und allgemein bekannt zu sein. Doch immer wiederkehrende Fragen, beispielsweise wie eine bestimmte Laboruntersuchung an wen abgerechnet werden müsse oder ob eine bestimmte Abrechnungsparametrierung so korrekt sei, zeigen die eigentliche Komplexität. Diese und andere Fragen stellen sich insbesondere dann, wenn Laboraufträge verschiedene Laborbereiche, Abrechnungsarten und Kostenträger umfassen. Die oftmals erst auf den zweiten Blick ersichtliche korrekte Abrechnung hat grundlegende rechtliche und finanzielle Bedeutung, nicht nur für den ärztlichen Labordienstleister, sondern auch für den ärztlichen Veranlasser. Weil sich die Abrechnungsparametrierung durch fast alle Unternehmensprozesse zieht, angefangen bei der Beauftragung durch den Einsender bis zur (Ab-) Rechnung an den Kostenträger, ist hier besondere Sorgfalt geboten. In diesem Übersichtsartikel werden alle relevanten Aspekte zur Abrechnung von ärztlichen Laboruntersuchungen im Rahmen der ambulanten vertrags- und privatärztlichen Versorgung, der Versorgung von Kliniken und anderen speziellen Einsendergruppen zusammenfassend behandelt. Dabei werden nicht nur die Aspekte der Laboratoriumsmedizin und Mikrobiologie, sondern weitestgehend auch der Molekular- und Zytogenetik sowie der pathologisch-zytologischen Labordiagnostik einbezogen. Außerdem wurde eine Systematik herausgearbeitet, die einen Überblick über die geltenden Abrechnungsregeln gibt, ohne vom Leser das Studium der einschlägigen Gesetzestexte, Vorschriften oder Richtlinien im Detail zu verlangen – selbstverständlich mit Verweis auf die entsprechenden Rechtsquellen und Referenzen.
Empfehlungen zur Häufigkeit der Anforderung von Laboruntersuchungen
Authors: Orth Matthias , Aufenanger Johannes , Hoffmann Georg , Hofmann Walter , Klosson Rupert , Lichtinghagen Ralf , Otte Klaus-Martin , Stamminger Gudrun , Stiegler Yuriko , Wiegel Bernhard , Wieland Eberhard 
Published: January 2015

Zusammenfassung
Eine labormedizinische Diagnostik ist bei vielen Patienten für eine erfolgreiche medizinische Behandlung notwendig. Sowohl aus ökonomischen als auch aus ethischen Gründen sollten labormedizinische Leistungen weder zu häufig (als „Wiederholungsuntersuchungen“) noch zu selten angefordert werden. Mit diesen Empfehlungen werden für eine Reihe von labormedizinischen Untersuchungen anhand von Studien, pathophysiologischen Zusammenhängen und Konsensus Empfehlungen für eine sinnvolle Wiederholungsfrequenz gegeben. Diese Empfehlungen betreffen das minimale Zeitintervall zwischen 2 Messungen sowie die Kriterien zur Durchführung einer Wiederholungsbestimmung. Ergänzt werden diese Empfehlungen mit grundsätzlichen Überlegungen zur Indikation und Untersuchungsfrequenz von labormedizinischen Untersuchungen.
Clinical use of S-HER2 in breast cancer for detecting metastatic recurrence and monitoring effect of trastuzumab treatment
Authors: Kjær Ina Mathilde , Brandslund Ivan 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
In 15%–20% of breast cancers, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is overexpressed. Part of HER2 is shed into the circulation, where it can be measured in serum as S-HER2. Although many studies have tried to establish the clinical usefulness of S-HER2, S-HER2 has not yet found its place in clinical practice because large prospective trials have been missing. We present our own recent work to provide a suggestion of the clinical use of S-HER2. A total of 540 patients were followed up after primary surgery. The sensitivity of detection of recurrence in tissue HER2-positive patients was 69% and the positive predictive value was 47% using a cutoff value of 15 μg/L. Further, we have shown that the S-HER2 value reflects the effect of targeted treatment with trastuzumab. An increase in S-HER2 was correlated with progression of disease in 40 out of 44 clinical courses, whereas a decrease in S-HER2 was correlated to no progression or regression in 20 out of 21 courses. We propose to include S-HER2 in the clinical follow-up after primary surgery of tissue HER2-positive breast cancer patients to detect recurrence. We suggest a prospective randomized trial on the individualized, tailored therapy of these patients using S-HER2 as an indicator of the need to investigate recurrence.
DFS70-Antikörper – Biomarker zum Ausschluss ANA-assoziierter rheumatischer Erkrankungen
Authors: Conrad Karsten , Röber Nadja , Rudolph Sebastian , Mahler Michael 
Published: January 2015

Zusammenfassung
Trotz aller Fortschritte bei der Etablierung spezifischer Autoantikörperassays ist das Screening auf antinukleäre Antikörper (ANA) mittels indirekter Immunfluoreszenz an HEp-2-Zellen für eine qualitätsgerechte Labordiagnostik von ANA-assoziierten rheumatischen Erkrankungen (AARE) weiterhin unabdingbar. Mit den Erkenntnissen zur Relevanz von DFS-Mustern und DFS70-Antikörpern eröffnen sich neue Möglichkeiten zur Optimierung der serologischen Stufendiagnostik bei Verdacht auf AARE. Das dicht-feingranuläre („dense fine speckled“, DFS) ANA-Muster ist relativ gut von den klassischen, mit dsDNA-Antikörpern assoziierten „homogenen“ ANA-Mustern differenzierbar. Die wichtigste bei diesem Muster nachweisbare ANA-Spezifität ist der DFS70-Antikörper (Synonym: LEDGF-Antikörper). Dieser Antikörper ist auch die häufigste bei ANA-positiven gesunden Personen nachweisbare ANA-Spezifität. Die Prävalenz von DFS70-Antikörpern in AARE-Patienten ist signifikant niedriger im Vergleich zur Prävalenz bei ANA gesunden Personen. Es besteht eine negative Assoziation der DFS70-Antikörper mit AARE, insbesondere wenn der Antikörper nicht in Begleitung von klinisch relevanten Autoantikörpern vorliegt. Isolierte DFS70-Antikörper findet man in weniger als 1% der AARE, aber in 5%–11% bei gesunden Personen. Beim Vorliegen eines isolierten DFS70-Antikörpers verringert sich die post-Test-Wahrscheinlichkeit für eine AARE deutlich. DFS70-Antikörper sind daher wertvolle neue Biomarker zur besseren Interpretation positiver ANA bei Negativität für AARE-assoziierte Autoantikörper und sollten in modifizierte Testalgorithmen zur Vermeidung unnötiger Überweisungen und Folgeuntersuchung von ANA positiven Personen integriert werden.
Richness and distribution of porcupines (Erethizontidae: Coendou) from Colombia
Authors: Ramírez-Chaves Héctor E. , Suárez-Castro Andrés Felipe , Morales-Martínez Darwin M. , Vallejo-Pareja María Camila 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn spite of previous reviews, there is still no consensus on the information associated to the richness of the genus
Roots to start research in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: molecular pathways and novel therapeutics for future
Authors: Harikrishnareddy Dibbanti , Misra Shubham , Upadhyay Sujata , Modi Manish , Medhi Bikash 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurological disease that rapidly progresses from mild motor symptoms to severe motor paralysis and premature death. There is currently no cure for this devastating disease; most ALS patients die of respiratory failure generally within 3–5 years from the onset of signs and symptoms. Approximately 90% of ALS cases are sporadic in nature, with no clear associated risk factors. It is reported that ALS is a complex and multifaceted neurodegenerative disease. Less is known about the key factors involved in the sporadic form of the disease. The intricate pathogenic mechanisms that target motor neurons in ALS includes oxidative stress, glutamate excitotoxicity, mitochondrial damage, protein aggregation, glia and neuroinflammation pathology, defective axonal transport, and aberrant RNA metabolism. Despite aggressive research, no therapy has been yet proven to completely reverse the core symptoms of the disease. Riluzole is the only drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration and recommended by the National Institute for Clinical Excellence so far proven to be successful against ALS and may prevent progression and extend life for a few months or so. This article provides a novel understanding in key findings of pathogenesis and interventions currently under investigation to slow disease progression in ALS.
Inauthentic authenticity: Semiotic design and globalization in the margins of China
Authors: Wang Xuan 
Published: January 2015

AbstractDrawing on Kress's notion of semiotic design, this paper engages with the issue of authenticity as semiotic processes in the margins of globalization, namely, Enshi, a rural minority area in Central China. Two cases are examined: Internet dialect rap and Tujia heritage tourism, both of which provide new semiotic opportunities during Enshi's processes of globalization as a margin. In both cases, authenticity is a salient imperative of identity making that involves strategic, complex processes of semiotic maneuvering that orients towards multi-scalar, polycentric systems of norm. The outcome of these is “inauthentic authenticity” – semiotic innovation and transformation for translocal mobility.
Authorial intention and global coherence in fictional text comprehension: A cognitive approach
Authors: Horváth Márta 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn today's literary theory there is a consensus regarding the concept of authorial intention, namely, that it is obsolete and useless for the interpretation of literary texts and has relevance only in such discourses as legal discourse or literary history. The aim of my paper is to reinterpret the concept of authorial intent from the aspect of Darwinian and cognitive theory. I will argue that the authorial intention is not a fallacy that necessarily results in misinterpretations of the text, but a way of reading narrative according to its fictional status. I will demonstrate on some examples that the strongest stimuli for making assumptions about the authorial intention are passages that do not allow the reader to follow any intradiegetic perspective but force a global view on the fictional work.