bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endothelial Cell–Specific Reactive Oxygen Species Production Increases Susceptibility to Aortic Dissection
Authors: Fan Lampson M. , Douglas Gillian , Bendall Jennifer K. , McNeill Eileen , Crabtree Mark J. , Hale Ashley B. , Mai Anna , Li Jian-Mei , McAteer Martina A. , Schneider Jurgen E. , Choudhury Robin P. , Channon Keith M. 
Published: May 2014

Background—
Increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) throughout the vascular wall is a feature of cardiovascular disease states, but therapeutic strategies remain limited by our incomplete understanding of the role and contribution of specific vascular cell ROS to disease pathogenesis. To investigate the specific role of endothelial cell (EC) ROS in the development of structural vascular disease, we generated a mouse model of endothelium-specific Nox2 overexpression and tested the susceptibility to aortic dissection after angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion.

Methods and Results—

A specific increase in endothelial ROS production in Nox2 transgenic mice was sufficient to cause Ang II–mediated aortic dissection, which was never observed in wild-type mice. Nox2 transgenic aortas had increased endothelial ROS production, endothelial vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression, matrix metalloproteinase activity, and CD45
+
inflammatory cell infiltration. Conditioned media from Nox2 transgenic ECs induced greater Erk1/2 phosphorylation in vascular smooth muscle cells compared with wild-type controls through secreted cyclophilin A (CypA). Nox2 transgenic ECs (but not vascular smooth muscle cells) and aortas had greater secretion of CypA both at baseline and in response to Ang II stimulation. Knockdown of CypA in ECs abolished the increase in vascular smooth muscle cell Erk1/2 phosphorylation conferred by EC conditioned media, and preincubation with CypA augmented Ang II–induced vascular smooth muscle cell ROS production.

Conclusions—
These findings demonstrate a pivotal role for EC-derived ROS in the determination of the susceptibility of the aortic wall to Ang II–mediated aortic dissection. ROS-dependent CypA secretion by ECs is an important signaling mechanism through which EC ROS regulate susceptibility of structural components of the aortic wall to aortic dissection.
Population‐Based Incidence of Sudden Cardiac and Unexpected Death Before and After the 2011 Earthquake and Tsunami in Iwate, Northeast Japan
Authors: Niiyama Masanobu , Tanaka Fumitaka , Nakajima Satoshi , Itoh Tomonori , Matsumoto Tatsuya , Kawakami Mikio , Naganuma Yujiro , Omama Shinichi , Komatsu Takashi , Onoda Toshiyuki , Sakata Kiyomi , Ichikawa Takashi , Nakamura Motoyuki 
Published: May 2014

Background

The aim of this study was to evaluate the temporal impact of the 2011 Japan earthquake and tsunami on the incidence of sudden cardiac and unexpected death (
SCUD
).

Methods and Results

We surveyed the impact of the disaster on the incidence and clinical characteristics of
SCUD
in Iwate. To perform complete identification of
SCUD
for 8 weeks before and 40 weeks after the disaster, medical records and death certificates relevant to
SCUD
were surveyed in the study area. Compared with the previous year's rate, the incidence (per 10 000 person‐year) of
SCUD
for the initial 4 weeks after the disaster (acute phase) was double (33.5 vs 18.9), and thereafter the rate returned to the previous level. Significant relationships were found between weekly numbers of
SCUD
and seismic activity (intensity,
r
=0.43;
P
<0.005: frequency,
r
=0.46;
P
<0.002). The standardized incidence ratio (
SIR
) of
SCUD
in the acute phase was significantly increased compared with that of previous years (1.71, 95%
CI
1.33 to 2.16). Increased
SIR
s were predominantly found in female subjects (1.73, 95%
CI
1.22 to 2.37), the elderly (1.73, 95%
CI
1.29 to 2.27), and residents living in the tsunami‐stricken area (1.83, 95%
CI
1.33 to 2.46). In addition,
SIR
s for weekdays (1.71, 95%
CI
1.28 to 2.24) and nights‐mornings (2.09, 95%
CI
1.48 to 2.86) were amplified.

Conclusions

The present results suggest that the magnitude of a disaster, related stress, and population aging may cause a temporary increase in the incidence of
SCUD
with amplification of ordinary weekly and circadian variations.
Book review: The Constitution of Capital: Essays on Volume 1 of Marx’s ‘Capital’, written by Riccardo Bellofiore and Nicola Taylor Book review: Re-reading Marx: New Perspectives after the Critical Edition, written by Riccardo Bellofiore and Roberto Fineschi
Authors: Green Peter 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The two books under review are both edited collections of essays by some of the most serious scholars internationally concerned with Marx’s method in Capital and related texts. Essays in both books share an emphasis on the ‘openness’ of Marx’s texts which were extensively revised both by Marx in his own lifetime and in the editing performed by Engels. The review engages critically with contributions in both volumes with respect to ‘value-form’ approaches to Marx’s method. It highlights some of the differences of approach between the various contributors which are not always apparent in the texts themselves.
Error Analysis of Satellite Precipitation Products in Mountainous Basins
Authors: Mei Yiwen , Anagnostou Emmanouil N. , Nikolopoulos Efthymios I. , Borga Marco 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAccurate quantitative precipitation estimation over mountainous basins is of great importance because of their susceptibility to hazards such as flash floods, shallow landslides, and debris flows, triggered by heavy precipitation events (HPEs). In situ observations over mountainous areas are limited, but currently available satellite precipitation products can potentially provide the precipitation estimation needed for hydrological applications. In this study, four widely used satellite-based precipitation products [Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) 3B42, version 7 (3B42-V7), and in near–real time (3B42-RT); Climate Prediction Center (CPC) morphing technique (CMORPH); and Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Imagery Using Artificial Neural Networks (PERSIANN)] are evaluated with respect to their performance in capturing the properties of HPEs over different basin scales. Evaluation is carried out over the upper Adige River basin (eastern Italian Alps) for an 8-yr period (2003–10). Basin-averaged rainfall derived from a dense rain gauge network in the region is used as a reference. Satellite precipitation error analysis is performed for warm (May–August) and cold (September–December) season months as well as for different quantile ranges of basin-averaged precipitation accumulations. Three error metrics and a score system are introduced to quantify the performances of the various satellite products. Overall, no single precipitation product can be considered ideal for detecting and quantifying HPE. Results show better consistency between gauges and the two 3B42 products, particularly during warm season months that are associated with high-intensity convective events. All satellite products are shown to have a magnitude-dependent error ranging from overestimation at low precipitation regimes to underestimation at high precipitation accumulations; this effect is more pronounced in the CMORPH and PERSIANN products.
Energy Budget of a Small Convectively Driven Marginal Sea: The Gulf of Eilat/Aqaba (Northern Red Sea)*
Authors: Biton Eli , Gildor Hezi 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Oceanic model simulations and model-based energy budget calculations have been used to quantitatively study the relative importance of different processes affecting the Gulf of Eilat/Aqaba dynamics and hydrographic conditions. Large seasonality among various energetic pathways is observed. Similar to other oceanic waters, a significant amount of energy is stored in the potential energy (PE) that is predominately in the form of background potential energy (BPE). During September–March PE/BPE gains energy by raising the center of mass due to atmospheric cooling. During April–August, PE decreases its strength due to the exchange of light, warmer water from the northern Red Sea through the Strait of Tiran. The available potential energy (APE) is stored in baroclinic modes that are linked to the along-gulf temperature gradient. During April–August, the APE is sustained by baroclinic energy flux through the straits, resulting from advective density fronts into the gulf, and during September–March, the APE is sustained by the differential heating at the surface. Part of the APE is converted into kinetic energy (KE) by vertical buoyancy flux and in smaller quantity to background potential energy by isopycnal mixing. The conversion from APE is the only source of KE, where losses are related to the work done by pressure at the straits and energy dissipation. The wind stress work subtracts energy from the buoyancy-driven flow, which explained by the opposite surface flow and mean wind directions. The authors found that temperature and salinity variations contribute to the dynamics, via the APE–KE conversion, by a ratio of 10:1.
On the Factors Controlling the Eddy-Induced Transport in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current
Authors: Pennel Romain , Kamenkovich Igor 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
This study examines eddy-driven material transport by analyzing trajectories of Lagrangian particles in an idealized model of the Southern Ocean. The main focus is on the direction of the transport in the latitude–depth plane, as well as on the magnitudes of the vertical and meridional particle dispersion. In particular, this transport is along the mean isopycnals in the control simulation, but changes its direction and intensity in a series of sensitivity experiments with artificially modified currents. The main new conclusion is that the direction of the transport is determined by the three-dimensional interplay between the zonal background flow and the transient eddies; the stationary meanders play a secondary role. The key parameter here is the strength of the zonal advection relative to the eddy magnitudes, whereas the mean vertical shear in the zonal velocity is of secondary importance. In particular, stronger mean zonal advection leads to steeper orientation of the eddy fluxes and deeper penetration of tracer anomalies.
Predictability of Tropical Cyclone Intensity Evaluated through 5-yr Forecasts with a Convection-Permitting Regional-Scale Model in the Atlantic Basin
Authors: Zhang Yunji , Meng Zhiyong , Zhang Fuqing , Weng Yonghui 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The practical predictability of tropical cyclone (TC) intensity in terms of mean absolute forecast error with respect to different conditions at forecast initialization was explored through convection-permitting hindcasts of all Atlantic storms during the 2008–12 hurricane seasons using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. Averaged over a total of 2190 simulations, the day 1–5 performance of these WRF hindcasts was comparable to two operational regional-scale hurricane prediction models used by the National Hurricane Center (NHC) but was slightly inferior to the NHC official forecasts. It was found that the prediction accuracy of TC intensity, both at the initialization time and the targeted forecast hours, was strongly correlated with the TC intensity. On average, for both the WRF hindcasts and the NHC official forecasts, stronger intensities and larger intensity variations led to larger forecast errors. A number of synoptic-scale environmental parameters, such as vertical wind shear, sea surface temperature (SST), and the underlying surface condition (land vs sea), affected the intensity forecast errors of TCs, in part due to their influence on intensity changes, while other thermodynamic environmental parameters, such as moisture and instability, had relatively minor effects. The accuracy of the intensity prediction was also found to be sensitive to the translation speed of the TCs. A moderate TC translation speed of 11–15 knots (kt; 1 kt = 0.51 m s−1) corresponded to the largest intensity errors during forecast lead times less than 60 h, while the slowest translation speed (&lt;7 kt) was associated with the largest errors after the 60-h forecast lead time.
Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive behavioural therapy for depression: a randomized pilot study
Authors: Jordan Jennifer , Carter Janet D , McIntosh Virginia VW , Fernando Kumari , Frampton Christopher MA , Porter Richard J , Mulder Roger T , Lacey Cameron , Joyce Peter R 
Published: May 2014

Objective: Metacognitive therapy (MCT) is one of the newer developments within cognitive therapy. This randomized controlled pilot study compared independently applied MCT with cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) in outpatients with depression to explore the relative speed and efficacy of MCT, ahead of a planned randomized controlled trial. Method: A total of 48 participants referred for outpatient therapy were randomized to up to 12 weeks of MCT or CBT. Key outcomes were reduction in depressive symptoms at week 4 and week 12, measured using the independent-clinician-rated Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology16. Intention-to-treat and completer analyses as well as additional methods of reporting outcome of depression are presented. Results: Both therapies were effective in producing clinically significant change in depressive symptoms, with moderate-to-large effect sizes obtained. No differences were detected between therapies in overall outcome or early change on clinician-rated or self-reported measures. Post-hoc analyses suggest that MCT may have been adversely affected by greater comorbidity. Conclusions: In this large pilot study conducted independently of MCT’s developers, MCT was an effective treatment for outpatients with depression, with similar results overall to CBT. Insufficient power and imbalanced comorbidity limit conclusions regarding comparative efficacy so further studies of MCT and CBT are required.
Palliative Sedation
Authors: Gurschick Lauren , Mayer Deborah K. , Hanson Laura C. 
Published: May 2014

Purpose: To describe the suggested clinical practice of palliative sedation as it is presented in the literature and discuss available guidelines for its use. Methods: CINAHL, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched for publications since 1997 for recommended guidelines and position statements on palliative sedation as well as data on its provision. Keywords included palliative sedation, terminal sedation, guidelines, United States, and end of life. Inclusion criteria were palliative sedation policies, frameworks, guidelines, or discussion of its practice, general or oncology patient population, performance of the intervention in an inpatient unit, for humans, and in English. Exclusion criteria were palliative sedation in children, acute illness, procedural, or burns, and predominantly ethical discussions. Results: Guidelines were published by American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine (2000), Hospice and Palliative Nurses Association (2003), American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine (2006), American Medical Association (2008), Royal Dutch Medical Association (2009), European Association for Palliative Care (2009), National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization (2010), and National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2012). Variances throughout guidelines include definitions of the practice, indications for its use, continuation of life-prolonging therapies, medications used, and timing/prognosis. Recommendations: The development and implementation of institutional-based guidelines with clear stance on the discussed variances is necessary for consistency in practice. Data on provision of palliative sedation after implementation of guidelines needs to be collected and disseminated for a better understanding of the current practice in the United States.
Sensory Nerve Dysfunction and Hallux Valgus Correction
Authors: Jastifer James R. , Coughlin Michael J. , Doty Jesse F. , Stevens Faustin R. , Hirose Christopher , Kemp Travis J. 
Published: May 2014

Background: Sensory nerve dysfunction in patients with hallux valgus has been described as both a symptom of the deformity and a complication of the treatment. The purpose of this study was to quantify nerve dysfunction in hallux valgus patients and to prospectively evaluate whether the trauma of surgery or the correction of the deformity had any effect on the sensory nerve function. Methods: Fifty-seven consecutive feet undergoing operative correction for hallux valgus were prospectively enrolled. Preoperative and 3-, 6-, and 24-month postoperative clinical, radiographic, and detailed sensory examinations were completed. For the sensory examination, a Semmes-Weinstein 5.07 monofilament was used to establish, if present, a geometric area of sensory deficit about the hallux. This area was traced onto calibrated graphing paper and processed with imaging software. A total of 48/57 (84%) went on to complete 24 months of follow-up. Results: Preoperative sensory area deficit improved by a mean of 529 mm2 at 24-month follow-up. The mean preoperative sensory deficit area was 688 mm2 (SD 681 mm2, range: 0 to 2885 mm2) and 24-month postoperative sensory deficit area was 159 mm2 (SD 329 mm2, range: 0 to 1463 mm2). No clinically significant correlation existed between deficit and clinical outcome measures. Conclusions: This study showed that preoperative sensory deficits exist, and can improve up to 24 months after operative correction of the hallux valgus deformity. This supports the concept that sensory deficit in hallux valgus is at least partially caused by a reversible injury to the sensory nerves, not necessarily a complication of surgery. Level of Evidence: Level IV, case series.
Templated growth of PFO-DBT nanorod bundles by spin coating: effect of spin coating rate on the morphological, structural, and optical properties
Authors: Fakir Muhamad Saipul , Supangat Azzuliani , Sulaiman Khaulah 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
In this study, the spin coating of template-assisted method is used to synthesize poly[2,7-(9,9-dioctylfluorene)-alt-4,7-bis(thiophen-2-yl)benzo-2,1,3-thiadiazole] (PFO-DBT) nanorod bundles. The morphological, structural, and optical properties of PFO-DBT nanorod bundles are enhanced by varying the spin coating rate (100, 500, and 1,000 rpm) of the common spin coater. The denser morphological distributions of PFO-DBT nanorod bundles are favorably yielded at the low spin coating rate of 100 rpm, while at high spin coating rate, it is shown otherwise. The auspicious morphologies of highly dense PFO-DBT nanorod bundles are supported by the augmented absorption and photoluminescence.
Persistence properties of solutions to the dissipative 2-component Degasperis-Procesi system
Authors: Ming Sen , Yang Han , Yong Ls 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The persistence properties of solutions to the dissipative 2-component Degasperis-Procesi system are investigated. We find that if the initial data with their derivatives of the system exponentially decay at infinity, then the corresponding solution also exponentially decays at infinity.

MSC:35G25, 35L15, 35Q58.
Employment of the Triple Helix concept for development of regenerative medicine applications based on human pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Sartipy Peter , Björquist Petter 
Published: May 2014

AbstractUsing human pluripotent stem cells as a source to generate differentiated progenies for regenerative medicine applications has attracted substantial interest during recent years. Having the capability to produce large quantities of human cells that can replace damaged tissue due to disease or injury opens novel avenues for relieving symptoms and also potentially offers cures for many severe human diseases. Although tremendous advancements have been made, there is still much research and development left before human pluripotent stem cell derived products can be made available for cell therapy applications. In order to speed up the development processes, we argue strongly in favor of cross‐disciplinary collaborative efforts which have many advantages, especially in a relatively new field such as regenerative medicine based on human pluripotent stem cells. In this review, we aim to illustrate how some of the hurdles for bringing human pluripotent stem cell derivatives from bench‐to‐bed can be effectively addressed through the establishment of collaborative programs involving academic institutions, biotech industries, and pharmaceutical companies. By taking advantage of the strengths from each organization, innovation and productivity can be maximized from a resource perspective and thus, the chances of successfully bringing novel regenerative medicine treatment options to patients increase.
Influence of alpine mountain climate of Bavaria on patients with atopic diseases: studies at the Environmental Research Station Schneefernerhaus (UFS ‐ Zugspitze) – a pilot study
Authors: Eberlein Bernadette , Huss‐Marp Johannes , Pfab Florian , Fischer Rainald , Franz Regina , Schlich Michele , Leibl Maria , Allertseder Veronika , Liptak Jarmila , Kriegisch Marie , Hennico Romain , Latotski Julia , Ebner von Eschenbach Cordula , Darsow Ulf , Buters Jeroen , Behrendt Heidrun , Huber Rudolf , Ring Johannes 
Published: May 2014

AbstractMountain and maritime climate therapy takes advantage of specific climatic conditions to treat chronic allergic diseases. It was the aim of the study to investigate effects of a 5 day sojourn on atopic diseases at the highest German mountain. In this pilot study 18 patients with grass pollen‐induced rhinoconjunctivitis, atopic ezcema or asthma and 11 non‐allergic controls were included. Skin physiology parameters, changes of the respiratory and nasal functions, subjective symptoms and blood parameters were measured during a 5‐day observation period in the Environmental Research Station Schneefernerhaus (UFS) at the moderate altitude mountain region (Zugspitze; 2650 m alt.) compared to a low altitude area (Munich; 519 m alt.). Several of the skin physiology parameters changed significantly during the observation period (decrease of skin hydration, increase of skin smoothness, skin roughness, skin scaliness and pH‐value). In patients with atopic eczema, the SCORAD (Severity Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis) and the scores of the DIELH (Deutsches Instrument zur Erfassung der Lebensqualität bei Hauterkrankungen) did not change significantly. Histamine induced itch decreased significantly. Parameters of nasal function did not change significantly. Several lung parameters showed a slight, but statistically significant improvement (forced expiratory volume in one second/volume capacity [FEV1/VC], peak expiratory flow [PEF], maximum expiratory flow at 50% of vital capacity [MEF 50], maximal mid‐expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of vital capacity [MMFEF 25/75]), whereas the vital capacity (VC) decreased significantly. ECP (eosinophil cationic protein) in the serum and parameters of blood count changed significantly. These results show that the benefit of a moderate altitude mountain climate sojourn over a period of 5 days differs in depending on the atopic disease. Especially asthma parameters and itching of the skin improved. It would be interesting to assess the parameters during longer observation periods in alpine climate.