bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cancer treatments and their side effects are associated with aggravation of insomnia: Results of a longitudinal study
Authors: Savard Josée , Ivers Hans , Savard Marie‐Hélène , Morin Charles M. 
Published: February 2015

BACKGROUNDInsomnia affects between 30% to 60% of patients with cancer but to the authors' knowledge little is known regarding factors associated with its development. It has been postulated that adjuvant cancer treatments and their side effects could trigger sleep disturbances in this population but empirical evidence is lacking. The goal of the current study was to assess, separately in patients with breast and prostate cancer, the effect of adjuvant treatments on the evolution of insomnia symptoms and the mediating role of somatic symptoms.METHODSAs part of a population‐based epidemiological study, patients with breast cancer (465 patients) and prostate cancer (263 patients) completed at baseline (perioperative period) and 2 months, 6 months, 10 months, 14 months, and 18 months later the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and a questionnaire assessing various somatic symptoms.RESULTSIn patients with breast cancer, radiotherapy (overall effect) and chemotherapy (at 2 months), but not hormone therapy, were associated with increased insomnia severity, whereas androgen deprivation therapy was related to increased insomnia in patients with prostate cancer. In patients with breast cancer, the effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy on insomnia was found to be significantly mediated by a variety of somatic symptoms, whereas night sweats had a particularly marked mediating role for hormone therapy, both in patients with breast and prostate cancer.CONCLUSIONSThe findings of the current study indicate that cancer treatments and their side effects contribute to the aggravation of insomnia symptoms. Side effects of cancer treatments should be monitored more closely and managed as effectively as possible to prevent the occurrence or aggravation of insomnia. Cancer 2015;121:1703–1711. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Environmentally Friendly Transistors and Circuits on Paper
Authors: Pettersson Fredrik , Remonen Tommi , Adekanye David , Zhang Yanxi , Wilén Carl‐Eric , Österbacka Ronald 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe created environmentally friendly low‐voltage, ion‐modulated transistors (IMTs) that can be fabricated successfully on a paper substrate. A range of ionic liquids (ILs) based on choline chloride (ChoCl) were used as the electrolytic layer in the IMTs. Different organic compounds were mixed with ChoCl to create solution‐processable deep eutectic mixtures that are liquid or semiliquid at room temperature. In the final, solid version of the IMT, the ILs are also solidified by using a commercial binder to create printable transistor structures The semiconductor layer in the IMT is also substituted with a blend of the original semiconductor and a biodegradable polymer insulator. This reduces the amount of expensive and potentially harmful semiconductor used, and it also provides increased transistor performance, especially increasing the device switching speed. These environmentally friendly IMTs are then used to create ring oscillators, logic gates, and memories on paper.
Efficient production of hydrogen from formic acid using a Covalent Triazine Framework supported molecular catalyst
Authors: Bavykina A. V. , Goesten M. G. , Kapteijn F. , Makkee M. , Gascon J. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA heterogeneous molecular catalyst based on IrIIICp* (Cp*=pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) attached to a covalent triazine framework (CTF) is reported. It catalyses the production of hydrogen from formic acid with initial turnover frequencies (TOFs) up to 27 000 h−1 and turnover numbers (TONs) of more than one million in continuous operation. The CTF support, with a Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area of 1800 m2 g−1, was constructed from an optimal 2:1 ratio of biphenyl and pyridine carbonitrile building blocks. Biphenyl building blocks induce mesoporosity and, therefore, facilitate diffusion of reactants and products whereas free pyridinic sites activate formic acid towards β‐hydride elimination at the metal, rendering unprecedented rates in hydrogen production. The catalyst is air stable, produces CO‐free hydrogen, and is fully recyclable. Hydrogen production rates of more than 60 mol L−1 h−1 were obtained at high catalyst loadings of 16 wt % Ir, making it attractive towards process intensification.
Constructing hyperchaotic systems at will
Authors: Shen Chaowen , Yu Simin , Lü Jinhu , Chen Guanrong 
Published: February 2015

SummaryOver the last two decades, chaotification has received increasing attention from various communities of science and engineering. This paper aims at developing a unified chaotification framework for generating desired higher‐dimensional dissipative hyperchaotic systems by using a single‐parameter controller. The main idea is to use a block diagonal matrix in the design of the nominal system, so as to construct a desired hyperchaotic system. Specifically, the proposed scheme is to assign desired closed‐loop poles to the controlled system, allocating the corresponding numbers of eigenvalues with positive real parts at two types of saddle‐focus equilibria. For the non‐degenerate case, the number of positive Lyapunov exponents of the controlled system is given by the largest number of positive Lyapunov exponents of the desired hyperchaotic system. Two representative examples are given to illustrate and verify the proposed design method. Finally, the digital signal processor is employed to implement the above 10‐dimensional hyperchaotic systems, and the experimental observation is also given. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Behavioural Difficulties That Co‐occur With Specific Word Reading Difficulties: A UK Population‐ Based Cohort Study
Authors: Russell Ginny , Ryder Denise , Norwich Brahm , Ford Tamsin 
Published: February 2015

This study aimed to examine the association between specific word reading difficulties (SWRD) identified at age 7 years using a discrepancy approach and subsequent dimensional measures of behavioural difficulties reported by teachers and parents at age 11 years. Behavioural problems were assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Secondary analysis of a UK representative population‐based sample of children (n = 12 631) was conducted using linear regression models.There were 284 children (2.2%) identified with SWRD at age 7 years. Children with SWRD had significantly higher scores on all measures of behavioural difficulties in unadjusted analysis. SWRD was associated with elevated behavioural difficulties at age 11 years according to parent report, and with greater emotional problems, hyperactivity and conduct issues according to teachers, even after having controlled for baseline difficulties. These results were replicated for children with low reading attainment, but no cognitive ability discrepancy. Categories of special educational need into which children with SWRD were classed at school were varied.Given high rates of co‐occurring behavioural difficulties, assessment that identifies each individual child's specific functional, rather than categorical, difficulties is likely to be the most effective way of providing classroom support. © 2015 The Authors. Dyslexia published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
The effect of developmental nutrition on life span and fecundity depends on the adult reproductive environment in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: May Christina M. , Doroszuk Agnieszka , Zwaan Bas J. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryBoth developmental nutrition and adult nutrition affect life‐history traits; however, little is known about whether the effect of developmental nutrition depends on the adult environment experienced. We used the fruit fly to determine whether life‐history traits, particularly life span and fecundity, are affected by developmental nutrition, and whether this depends on the extent to which the adult environment allows females to realize their full reproductive potential. We raised flies on three different developmental food levels containing increasing amounts of yeast and sugar: poor, control, and rich. We found that development on poor or rich larval food resulted in several life‐history phenotypes indicative of suboptimal conditions, including increased developmental time, and, for poor food, decreased adult weight. However, development on poor larval food actually increased adult virgin life span. In addition, we manipulated the reproductive potential of the adult environment by adding yeast or yeast and a male. This manipulation interacted with larval food to determine adult fecundity. Specifically, under two adult conditions, flies raised on poor larval food had higher reproduction at certain ages – when singly mated this occurred early in life and when continuously mated with yeast this occurred during midlife. We show that poor larval food is not necessarily detrimental to key adult life‐history traits, but does exert an adult environment‐dependent effect, especially by affecting virgin life span and altering adult patterns of reproductive investment. Our findings are relevant because (1) they may explain differences between published studies on nutritional effects on life‐history traits; (2) they indicate that optimal nutritional conditions are likely to be different for larvae and adults, potentially reflecting evolutionary history; and (3) they urge for the incorporation of developmental nutritional conditions into the central life‐history concept of resource acquisition and allocation.
Calculation of the Characteristics of Salient‐Pole Synchronous Machines Assisted by Permanent Magnets on the Basis of the Operating Principle
Authors: Yamazaki Katsumi , Tamiya Shuichi , Shima Kazuo , Fukami Tadashi 
Published: February 2015

SUMMARYIn this study we investigate a method for accurately calculating the characteristics of salient‐pole synchronous machines assisted by permanent magnets. First, the operating principle of the machines is investigated by using both finite element analysis and a simple magnetic circuit. Then, a theoretical representation of the assist effect on the permanent magnets is derived based on the magnetic circuit. Finally, the measured and calculated results are compared in order to confirm the validity of the proposed calculation method. We show that the load characteristics of the proposed machine can be accurately estimated from the no‐load and short‐circuit characteristics of the conventional machine without permanent magnets, and the size and magnetization of the inserted permanent magnets.
Development of thymic Foxp3+ regulatory T cells: TGF‐β matters
Authors: Chen WanJun , Konkel Joanne E. 
Published: February 2015

CD4+ regulatory T cells expressing the transcription factor Foxp3 can be generated in the thymus (tTreg cells), but the cellular and molecular pathways driving their development remain incompletely understood. TGF‐β is essential for the generation of Foxp3+ Treg cells converted from peripheral naïve CD4+ T cells (pTreg cells), yet a role for TGF‐β in tTreg‐cell development was initially refuted. Nevertheless, recent studies have unmasked a requirement for TGF‐β in the generation of tTreg cells. Experimental evidence reveals that TGF‐β in the context of TCR stimulation induces Foxp3 gene transcription in thymic Treg precursors, CD4+CD8–CD25– semimature and mature single‐positive thymocytes. Intriguingly, thymic apoptosis was found to be intrinsically linked to the generation of tTreg cells, as apoptosis induced expression of TGF‐β intrathymically. In this short review, we will highlight key data, discuss the experimental evidence and propose a modified model of tTreg‐cell development involving TGF‐β. We will also outline the remaining unresolved questions concerning generation of thymic Foxp3+ Treg cells and provide our personal perspectives on the mechanisms controlling tTreg‐cell development.
Dinuclear DOTA‐Based GdIII Chelates – Revisiting a Straightforward Strategy for Relaxivity Improvement
Authors: Fontes André , Karimi Shima , Helm Lothar , Yulikov Maxim , Ferreira Paula M. , André João P. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe need for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents with improved relaxivity maintains the development of new GdIII chelates as an intensive and demanding field of research. In this work, we introduce the new dimeric chelators bis{1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐1‐[(6‐amino)hexanoic]‐4,7,10‐triacetic acid}adipate [L2, bis(DOTA‐AHA)adipate] and bis{1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐1‐[(6‐amino)hexanoic]‐4,7,10‐triacetic acid}1,3‐phenyldiacetate [L3, bis(DOTA‐AHA)1,3‐phenyldiacetate], which are based on the bifunctional ligand 1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐1‐[(6‐amino)hexanoic]‐4,7,10‐triacetic acid (L1, DOTA‐AHA). Their GdIII chelates were studied by variable‐temperature 1H nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion (NMRD) and 17O NMR spectroscopy to measure their relaxivities and the parameters that govern them. The rates of exchange of inner‐sphere water from the monomer GdL1 and from the two dinuclear chelates Gd2L2 and Gd2L3 are very similar (298kex ≈ 6.5 × 106 s–1) and slightly faster than that for [Gd(DOTA)H2O]– (298kex = 4.1 × 106 s–1). All three compounds form weakly bound aggregates with equilibrium constants 298K of 2.9, 15.6, and 14.6 for GdL1, Gd2L2, and Gd2L3, respectively. Even though the aggregates contain only 10 to 15 % of the total amount of GdIII ions, a marked increase in relaxivity between 30 and 100 MHz is observed. Furthermore, the distance between the two GdIII centers in the dinuclear compounds has been determined by double electron–electron resonance (DEER) spectroscopy experiments and by molecular modeling studies, which afforded comparable distances. The linkers between the chelating moieties allow GdIII–GdIII distances of ca. 3.0 nm for the completely stretched linker conformation and less than 1.9 nm for the conformation with the metal centers at a closer distance. These metal‐to‐metal distances by themselves cannot explain the considerably long tumbling times of the chelates in solution. Only a model consistent with some level of aggregation for the dinuclear chelates in aqueous solution could satisfactorily explain our results.
Customized Buchwald‐Type Phosphines Bearing an “Inverted” Pyrimidinium Betaine as an Aryl Group Surrogate – Synthesis and Coordination Chemistry with Gold(I)
Authors: Noël‐Duchesneau Ludovik , Lugan Noël , Lavigne Guy , Labande Agnès , César Vincent 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA new ligand scaffold inspired by Buchwald‐type phosphines is disclosed. Its design consists of the formal replacement of the distal aryl group of the original archetype by a pyrimidinium betaine connected to the o‐phosphinophenyl moiety through the C‐5 position of its malonate subunit. A productive synthetic pathway towards this phosphine is described along with its ability to coordinate to a gold(I) center. A weak bonding interaction between the metal center and the malonate group is observed in the solid state.
Triphenylguanidine‐Promoted ortho‐Metalation Reaction in a Triply Bonded Dirhenium System – Spectroscopic, Structural, and Computational Studies
Authors: Mallick Suman , Ghosh Mrinal Kanti , Chattopadhyay Swarup 
Published: February 2015

AbstractTriphenylguanidine‐promoted ortho‐metalation reactions have been observed in reactions between the triply bonded dirhenium(II) complex Re2Cl4(μ‐Ph2PCH2PPh2)2 (1) and different para‐substituted triphenylguanidine ligands (HTPGR) in ethanol under reflux. The products are of the type Re2Cl2(μ‐dppm)(μ‐dppm°)(TPGR) [2(R), dppm = Ph2PCH2PPh2, μ‐dppm° represents the ortho‐metalated dppm ligand and R = H, 2(H); Me, 2(Me), and OMe, 2(OMe)]. These are the first examples of ortho‐metalated dirhenium complexes with bridging dppm ligands. These complexes have very similar spectral (UV/Vis, IR, and NMR) and electrochemical properties, which are also reported. The solid‐state structure of 2(H) has been established by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction [Re–Re distance 2.2741(6) Å]. In the solid state, the molecules are linked by π···π and C–H···π intermolecular interactions and form infinite supramolecular chains. Anion···π interactions have also been revealed in the solid state. The electronic structures of the complexes are also scrutinized by density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
Toward Better Sodium–Oxygen batteries: A Study on the Performance of Engineered Oxygen Electrodes based on Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Bender Conrad L. , Bartuli Waldemar , Schwab Matthias Georg , Adelhelm Philipp , Janek Jürgen 
Published: February 2015

AbstractSodium–oxygen cells with NaO2 as discharge product show very low overvoltages during discharge and charge, and their energy efficiency can be higher than 90 %. In this study the electrochemical behavior of three different free‐standing gas diffusion layers (GDL) is discussed, with each prepared by using a straightforward process from commercial starting materials: A pure carbon nanotube (CNT) electrode, a CNT electrode mixed with carbon fibers (CF) and a CNT electrode mixed with carbon black (CB). A solvent‐free method was applied to the fabrication of these electrodes, which may help to overcome limitations of common slurry‐based processes. NaO2 formed as the sole discharge product for all electrodes tested. The pure CNT electrode performs best in terms of capacity (1530 mAh g−1, 4.2 mAh cm−2) and cycle life (more than 140 cycles), and the results are superior in comparison to previous studies.
Damage response of multistorey r/c buildings with different structural systems subjected to seismic motion of arbitrary orientation
Authors: Kostinakis Konstantinos , Morfidis Konstantinos , Xenidis Hariton 
Published: February 2015

SummaryIn the present study the combined influence of seismic orientation and a number of parameters characterizing the structural system of Reinforced Concrete (R/C) buildings on the level of expected damages are examined. For the purposes of the above investigation eight medium‐rise buildings are designed on the basis of the current seismic codes. The structural characteristics examined are the ratio of the base shear received by the structural walls, the ratio of horizontal stiffness in two orthogonal directions and the structural eccentricity. Then, the buildings are analyzed by nonlinear time response analysis using 100 bidirectional earthquake ground motions. The two horizontal accelerograms of each ground motion are applied along horizontal orthogonal axes, forming 72 different angles with the structural axes. The structural damage is expressed in terms of the Park and Ang damage index. The results of the analyses revealed that the damage level of the buildings is strongly affected by the incident angle of the ground motion. The extent at which the orientation of the seismic records influences the damage response depends on the structural system and the distance of the record to the fault rupture. As a consequence, the common practice of applying the earthquake records along the structural axes can lead to significant underestimation of structural damage. Also, it was shown that the structural eccentricity can significantly differentiate the seismic damage level, as well as the impact of the earthquake orientation on the structural damage. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The evolution of gully headcut morphology: a case study using terrestrial laser scanning and hydrological monitoring
Authors: Rengers Francis K. , Tucker Greg E. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe present observations and analysis of gully headcut erosion, which differ from previous headcut studies in both spatial and temporal detail. Using ten terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) surveys conducted over a period of 3 years, we mapped headcut erosion with centimeter‐scale detail on a sub‐annual basis. Erosional change is observed through point cloud differencing, which expands on previous studies of headcut retreat rate by revealing the evolution of the headcut morphology. Headcut retreat observations are combined with hydrological measurements to explore the controlling factors of erosional retreat. We find that (i) mass failure due to wetting, (ii) saturation weakening of shale bedrock in plunge pools, and (iii) direct wash over the headcut face all appear to contribute to headcut retreat; however, mass failure via wetting appears to be the dominant process. Soil moisture was monitored near the study headcut at 0.4 m depth, and time‐lapse photos show that soil wetting tends to be concentrated along the headcut apex after rainfall and snowmelt runoff events. We find that moisture concentration at the headcut apex leads to more rapid erosion at that location than along the headcut sidewalls, resulting in a semi‐ellipsoidal plan view morphology that is maintained as the headcut migrates up‐valley. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Arsenite stress variably stimulates pro-oxidant enzymes, anatomical deformities, photosynthetic pigment reduction, and antioxidants in arsenic-tolerant and sensitive rice seedlings
Authors: Tripathi Preeti , Singh Rana Pratap , Sharma Yogesh Kumar , Tripathi Rudra Deo 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

Contamination of arsenic (As) in rice (Oryza sativa L.) paddies and subsequent uptake by rice plants is a serious concern, because rice is a staple crop for millions of people. Identification of As toxicity and detoxification mechanisms in paddy rice cultivars would help to reduce As-associated risk. Arsenic tolerance and susceptibility mechanisms were investigated in 2 differential As-accumulating rice genotypes, Triguna and IET-4786, selected from initial screening of 52 rice cultivars as an As-tolerant and an As-sensitive cultivar, respectively, on the basis of root and shoot length during various arsenite (AsIII) exposures (0–50 μM). Indicators of oxidative stress, such as pro-oxidant enzymes (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate [NADPH] oxidase and ascorbate oxidase) and nitric oxide, were more numerous in the sensitive cultivar than in the tolerant cultivar. Arsenic-induced anatomical deformities were frequent in the sensitive cultivar, showing more distorted and flaccid root cells than the tolerant cultivar. Chlorophyll and carotenoid synthesis were inhibited in both cultivars, although the decline was more prominent in the sensitive cultivar at higher doses of As. Furthermore, the tolerant cultivar tolerated As stress by producing more antioxidants, such as proline, sustaining the ratio of ascorbate, dehydroascorbate, and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity as well as As detoxifying enzymes arsenate reductase, whereas these respective metabolic activities declined in sensitive cultivar, resulting in greater susceptibility to As toxicity. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:1562–1571. © 2015 SETAC