bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of low‐quality extra virgin olive oils by fatty acid alkyl esters evaluation: a preliminary and fast mid‐infrared spectroscopy discrimination by a chemometric approach
Authors: Valli Enrico , Bendini Alessandra , Maggio Rubén M. , Cerretani Lorenzo , Toschi Tullia Gallina , Casiraghi Ernestina , Lercker Giovanni 
Published: November 2012

SummaryA set of eighty‐one extra virgin olive oils (EVOOs) was analysed according to the new quality parameters relative to the total amount of methyl and ethyl esters of fatty acids [Σ (FAMEs + FAEEs)] and the ratio between ethyl and methyl esters [ratio of FAEEs/FAMEs (RFF)]. Acquisition of the mid‐infrared spectra was also performed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT‐IR). Chemical and spectroscopy data were chemometrically elaborated, and FT‐IR coupled by Partial Least Square (PLS) methodology was developed. Results were statistically similar to official procedure in terms of analytical performance for Σ (FAMEs + FAEEs) and RFF in EVOOs: a good agreement between predicted and actual values on calibration data sets was found (0.98 and 0.83, respectively) and the limit of quantification was low enough (29.3 mg kg−1) considering the actual limits for Σ (FAMEs+ FAEEs). This new approach, time‐saving and environmentally friendly, can be considered as a useful tool for screening procedures.
Outcome of small intestinal submucosa graft for repair of anterior urethral strictures
Authors: Xu Yue‐Min , Fu Qiang , Sa Ying‐Long , Zhang Jiong , Song Lu‐Jie , Feng Chao 
Published: November 2012

ObjectivesTo investigate the feasibility of small intestinal submucosa graft for the repair of selected anterior urethral strictures.MethodsFrom June 2009 to May 2011, 28 men (mean age 39 years) with anterior urethral strictures underwent urethroplasty using a four‐layer small intestinal submucosa patch graft in an onlay or inlay fashion. The stricture was localized to the bulbar urethra in eight patients, the bulbopenile area in nine patients and the distal penile urethra in 10 patients. Failed hypospadias was observed in one patient. The mean stricture length was 4.6 cm (range 3.5–7.0 cm).ResultsThe mean follow‐up period was 24.8 months (range 12–30 months). No postoperative complications, such as infection or rejection, were related to the use of heterologous graft material. The patients voided well postoperatively, with peak flows between 16 and 44 mL/s (mean 25.4 mL/s) in 26 patients. Two patients (7.1%) developed a urethral narrowing; this occurred at 5 months in one patient and 6 months in the other, and cystoscopy, which was carried out at 20 and 24 weeks, respectively, showed clear cicatricial tissue at the proximal anastomotic site. Dilation was carried out once every 4–6 months for recurrent stricture in one patient and lingual mucosal graft urethroplasty was carried out in the other patient at 18 months postoperatively. Biopsies were obtained in four patients at 18, 24, 36 and 42 weeks, respectively. Squamous epithelium with or without hyperkeratosis was observed on histological examination of the small intestinal submucosa‐grafted areas.ConclusionsThe small intestinal submucosa matrix appears to be a safe and effective reconstructive material for selective use in urethral reconstructive surgery.
Responsible Participation, Community Engagement and Policing in Transitional Societies: Lessons from a Local Crime Survey in Northern Ireland
Authors: Ellison Graham , Shirlow Peter , Mulcahy Aogán 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe new structures of policing in Northern Ireland have been internationally lauded as a success, but the manner in which police‐community relations are unfolding in local settings is less clear. In this article we draw on a local crime survey conducted in a Republican area in Belfast to examine residents' views of policing and to highlight residents' concerns about police effectiveness in dealing with crime and disorder. Drawing on Habermas's concept of ‘responsible participation’, we also consider the role that community organisations can play in helping overcome local scepticism and developing positive forms of engagement with the police.
On Dealing with Euroscepticism
Authors: DUFF ANDREW 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe article examines if and, if so, why and how political parties opposing the European Union have thrived. It looks at the role of national parliaments and national media in failing to engage convincingly with the European dimension of politics, and asks why the forces of European federalism have been so relatively ineffective. By analyzing the tensions between national and European political parties especially in the conduct of elections to the European Parliament, the article traces the rise of the nationalist forces within the EP and assesses their impact on the legislative and other work of the institution. It concludes by proposing measures to tackle the nationalist challenge to European unification, including more differentiated forms of integration, more direct democracy, the development of federal political parties and the constitutional settlement of a federal union.
Evaluating Mitochondrial DNA Variation in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Hadjixenofontos Athena , Schmidt Michael A. , Whitehead Patrice L. , Konidari Ioanna , Hedges Dale J. , Wright Harry H. , Abramson Ruth K. , Menon Ramkumar , Williams Scott M. , Cuccaro Michael L. , Haines Jonathan L. , Gilbert John R. , Pericak‐Vance Margaret A. , Martin Eden R. , McCauley Jacob L. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryDespite the increasing speculation that oxidative stress and abnormal energy metabolism may play a role in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), and the observation that patients with mitochondrial defects have symptoms consistent with ASD, there are no comprehensive published studies examining the role of mitochondrial variation in autism. Therefore, we have sought to comprehensively examine the role of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation with regard to ASD risk, employing a multi‐phase approach.In phase 1 of our experiment, we examined 132 mtDNA single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genotyped as part of our genome‐wide association studies of ASD. In phase 2 we genotyped the major European mitochondrial haplogroup‐defining variants within an expanded set of autism probands and controls. Finally in phase 3, we resequenced the entire mtDNA in a subset of our Caucasian samples (∼400 proband‐father pairs). In each phase we tested whether mitochondrial variation showed evidence of association to ASD. Despite a thorough interrogation of mtDNA variation, we found no evidence to suggest a major role for mtDNA variation in ASD susceptibility. Accordingly, while there may be attractive biological hints suggesting the role of mitochondria in ASD our data indicate that mtDNA variation is not a major contributing factor to the development of ASD.
The Integrated Contrastive Model evaluated: The French and Dutch demonstrative determiner in L1 and L2
Authors: Vanderbauwhede Gudrun 
Published: November 2012

In this paper, we evaluate the effectiveness of Granger's Integrated Contrastive Model for describing real language use and predicting correct and incorrect L2 productions with a detailed corpus‐based study of the structural and semantic similarities and divergences between the French and Dutch demonstrative determiner systems in L1 and their precise impact on written L2 productions. This study allows us to formulate six objective recommendations for developing pedagogical grammars and thus illustrates to what extent the combination of L1 and L2 corpora analysis should become an obligatory practical step rather than a theoretical one between primary forged linguistic analyses and the elaboration of well‐balanced and representative didactic material.Dans cet article, nous évaluons l'efficacité de l'Integrated Contrastive Model de Granger pour décrire la langue réelle et pour prédire les productions L2 correctes et erronées par le biais d'une étude de corpus détaillée des ressemblances et divergences structurelles et sémantiques entre les systèmes du déterminant démonstratif en français et en néerlandais en L1 et leur impact précis sur les productions écrites en L2. Cette étude permet de formuler six recommandations objectives pour le développement de grammaires pédagogiques et illustre, par conséquent, dans quelle mesure la combinaison d'analyses de corpus L1 et L2 devrait devenir une étape pratique obligatoire plutôt qu'une étape théorique entre les premières analyses linguistiques et l'élaboration de matériaux didactiques représentatifs.
Overview and introduction: The blood–brain barrier in health and disease
Authors: Abbott N. Joan , Friedman Alon 
Published: November 2012

SummaryThis article introduces the special issue on “Blood–Brain Barrier and Epilepsy.” We review briefly current understanding of the structure and function of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), including its development and normal physiology, and ways in which it can be affected in pathology. The BBB formed by the endothelium of cerebral blood vessels is one of three main barrier sites protecting the central nervous system (CNS). The barrier is not a rigid structure, but a dynamic interface with a range of interrelated functions, resulting from extremely effective tight junctions, transendothelial transport systems, enzymes, and regulation of leukocyte permeation, which thereby generates the physical, transport, enzymatic, and immune regulatory functions of the BBB. The brain endothelial cells are important components of a “modular” structure, the neurovascular unit (NVU), with several associated cell types and extracellular matrix components. Modern methods have helped in identifying a range of proteins involved in barrier structure and function, and recent studies have revealed important stages, cell types, and signaling pathways important in BBB development. There is a growing list of CNS pathologies showing BBB dysfunction, with strong evidence that this can play a major role in certain disease etiologies. The articles that follow in this issue summarize in more detail reports and discussions of the recent international meeting on “BBB in Neurological Dysfunctions,” which took place recently at Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev Desert Campus (Beer‐Sheva, Israel), focusing on the link between experimental and clinical studies, and the ways in which these lead to improved drug treatments.
Imaging blood–brain barrier dysfunction in animal disease models
Authors: Wunder Andreas , Schoknecht Karl , Stanimirovic Danica B. , Prager Ofer , Chassidim Yoash 
Published: November 2012

SummaryThe blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a highly complex structure, which separates the extracellular fluid of the central nervous system (CNS) from the blood of CNS vessels. A wide range of neurologic conditions, including stroke, epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease, and brain tumors, are associated with perturbations of the BBB that contribute to their pathology. The common consequence of a BBB dysfunction is increased permeability, leading to extravasation of plasma constituents and vasogenic brain edema. The BBB impairment can persist for long periods, being involved in secondary inflammation and neuronal dysfunction, thus contributing to disease pathogenesis. Therefore, reliable imaging of the BBB impairment is of major importance in both clinical management of brain diseases and in experimental research. From landmark studies by Ehrlich and Goldman, the use of dyes (probes) has played a critical role in understanding BBB functions. In recent years methodologic advances in morphologic and functional brain imaging have provided insight into cellular and molecular interactions underlying BBB dysfunction in animal disease models. These imaging techniques, which range from in situ staining to noninvasive in vivo imaging, have different spatial resolution, sensitivity, and capacity for quantitative and kinetic measures of the BBB impairment. Despite significant advances, the translation of these techniques into clinical applications remains slow. This review outlines key recent advances in imaging techniques that have contributed to the understanding of BBB dysfunction in disease and discusses major obstacles and opportunities to advance these techniques into the clinical realm.
Inflammatory events at blood–brain barrier in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders: Implications for clinical disease
Authors: de Vries Helga E. , Kooij Gijs , Frenkel Dan , Georgopoulos Spiros , Monsonego Alon , Janigro Damir 
Published: November 2012

SummaryProper function of the neurovasculature is required for optimal brain function and preventing neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Within this review, we discuss alterations of the function of the blood–brain barrier in neurologic disorders such as multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, and Alzheimer’s disease and address potential underlying mechanisms.
Why and how to target angiogenesis in focal epilepsies
Authors: Morin‐Brureau Mélanie , Rigau Valérie , Lerner‐Natoli Mireille 
Published: November 2012

SummaryWe previously reported that blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption was associated with a pathologic angiogenesis in patients with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and in vivo models. This was confirmed by the overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in neurons and astrocytes and of its receptor vascular endothelial growth factor‐2 (VEGF‐R2) (or flk1) in endothelial cells. Using an original in vitro model, we showed that seizures were sufficient to activate the VEGF/VEGF‐R2 system, which promotes vascularization and tight junction disassembly. Such a BBB dysfunction was shown to contribute to epileptogenesis. Therefore, we postulate that drugs that target the specific VEGF‐R2 pathways involved in permeability are able to repair the BBB, and, therefore, could reduce epileptogenicity.
Missing Drivers with Dementia: Antecedents and Recovery
Authors: Rowe Meredeth A. , Greenblum Catherine A. , Boltz Marie , Galvin James E. 
Published: November 2012

ObjectivesTo determine the circumstances under which persons with dementia become lost while driving, how missing drivers are found, and how Silver Alert notifications are instrumental in those discoveries.DesignA retrospective, descriptive study.SettingRetrospective record review.ParticipantsConducted using 156 records from the Florida Silver Alert program for October 2008 through May 2010. These alerts were issued in Florida for missing drivers with dementia.MeasurementsInformation derived from the reports on characteristics of the missing driver, antecedents to missing event, and discovery of a missing driver.ResultsThe majority of missing drivers were men aged 58 to 94 who were being cared for by a spouse. Most drivers became lost on routine, caregiver‐sanctioned trips to usual locations. Only 15% were driving when found, with most being found in or near a parked car. Law enforcement officers found the large majority. Only 40% were found in the county where they went missing, and 10% were found in a different state.ConclusionSilver Alert notifications were most effective for law enforcement; citizen alerts resulted in a few discoveries. There was 5% mortality in the study population, with those living alone more likely to be found dead than alive. An additional 15% were found in dangerous situations such as stopped on railroad tracks. Thirty‐two percent had documented driving or other dangerous errors, such as driving the wrong way or into secluded areas or walking in or near roadways.
The Impact of Nobel Prize Winners in Economics: Mainline vs. Mainstream
Authors: Boettke Peter J. , Fink Alexander , Smith Daniel J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe assess the impact of two groups of economists: mainline economists, who regard economics primarily as the science of exchange and mainstream economists, who perceive economics primarily as the science of choice. To control for scholarly quality we investigate the citation impact of Nobel Prize winning economists, who we break up into the two groups, mainline and mainstream. We find that over the period from 1970 to 2007 mainline economists had more of an impact than mainstream economists.
SOLITAIRE™ with the Intention for Thrombectomy (SWIFT) Trial: Design of a Randomized, Controlled, Multicenter Study Comparing the SOLITAIRE™ Flow Restoration Device and the MERCI Retriever in Acute Ischaemic Stroke
Authors: Saver J. L. , Jahan R. , Levy E. I. , Jovin T. G. , Baxter B. , Nogueira R. , Clark W. , Budzik R. , Zaidat O. O. ,   for the SWIFT Trialists
Published: November 2012

Rationale Self-expanding stent retrievers are a promising new device class designed for rapid flow restoration in acute cerebral ischaemia. The SOLITAIRE™ Flow Restoration device (SOLITAIRE) has shown high rates of recanalization in preclinical models and in uncontrolled clinical series. Aims ( 1 ) To demonstrate non-inferiority of SOLITAIRE compared with a legally marketed device, the MERCI Retrieval System®; ( 2 ) To demonstrate safety, feasibility, and efficacy of SOLITAIRE in subjects requiring mechanical thrombectomy diagnosed with acute ischaemic stroke. Design Multicenter, randomized, prospective, controlled trial with blinded primary end-point ascertainment. Study Procedures Key entry criteria include: age 22–85; National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) ≥8 and <30; clinical and imaging findings consistent with acute ischaemic stroke; patient ineligible or failed intravenous tissue plasminogen activator; accessible occlusion in M1 or M2 middle cerebral artery, internal carotid artery, basilar artery, or vertebral artery; and patient able to be treated within 8 h of onset. Sites first participate in a roll-in phase, treating two patients with the SOLITAIRE device, before proceeding to the randomized phase. In patients unresponsive to the initially assigned therapy, after the angiographic component of the primary end-point is ascertained (reperfusion with the initial assigned device), rescue therapy with other reperfusion techniques is permitted. Outcomes The primary efficacy end-point is successful recanalization with the assigned study device (no use of rescue therapy) and with no symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage. Successful recanalization is defined as achieving Thrombolysis In Myocardial Ischemia 2 or 3 flow in all treatable vessels. The primary safety end-point is the incidence of device-related and procedure-related serious adverse events. A major secondary efficacy end-point is time to achieve initial recanalization. Additional secondary endpoints include clinical outcomes at 90 days and radiologic haemorrhagic transformation.
Withdrawal: ‘Strandings, bycatches and injuries of aquatic mammals in China: a review based on national official documents.’ by F. Wang and W. Li
Authors: Wang F. , Li W. 
Published: November 2012

The above article has been withdrawn by agreement between the authors, the journal Editorial office, and Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd. The withdrawal has been agreed due to the usage of restricted data from the Ministry of Agriculture of China.The article was placed online on 6 November 2012 as an Accepted Article (articles accepted for publication, but not formally published). The withdrawal statement was published on 10 June 2013. The withdrawal statement was then allocated to an issue on 30 July 2015.[This statement has been amended since first posted online on 10 June 2013 to reflect the article's publication history.]
Electronic Tongue Coupled with Physicochemical Analysis for the Recognition of Orange Beverages
Authors: Liu Miao , Wang Jun , Li Duo , Wang MingJun 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA potentiometric electronic tongue (E‐tongue) has been used to determine orange beverages of different brands to assess its recognition ability in beverage detection. Physicochemical indexes related to sensory quality have been measured to find correlation between electrochemical signals and physicochemical indexes of orange beverages. Analysis of variance, correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) have been applied in such data processing. The sensor response signals have been analyzed by canonical discriminant analysis (CDA), cluster analysis (CA), and soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA), and their classification effects have been compared. The results indicate that the E‐tongue has good capability to discriminate different brands of orange beverages based on contents of their taste compounds. The correlation between electrochemical signals and physicochemical indexes is significant, and physicochemical indexes may be applied to explain the results of PCA, CDA, CA and SIMCA. CDA has a better classification effect in three methods.Practical ApplicationsThe detection and control of food quality are important parts in the food industry. Electronic tongue (E‐tongue), as a promising technology, which can provide a simple, rapid and objective determination of food taste quality, is becoming popular in food analysis. This paper focuses on the application of an E‐tongue in the recognition of different brands of beverages and finding the correlation between signals of the E‐tongue and physicochemical indexes of beverages. The feasibility of E‐tongue detection in food analysis is also concerned in our studies. The results presented confirm that the E‐tongue has global discrimination ability, and that there is significant correlation between electrochemical signals and physicochemical indexes of orange beverages. All these results indicate that the E‐tongue may be a potential analysis tool to be applied in food analysis.
Changes of N/L ratio and cortisol levels associated with experimental training in untrained rhesus macaques
Authors: Lee Jae‐Il , Shin Jun‐Seop , Lee Ji‐Eun , Jung Won‐Young , Lee Gaeul , Kim Min‐Sun , Park Chung‐Gyu , Kim Sang‐Joon 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundAnimal training prior to beginning an experiment is an essential procedure and a very important course because it may affect the results of hematologic and hormonal variables and the functions influenced by those factors. Because this training inevitably causes animal stress, we wondered how much time is needed for untrained monkeys to recover from stresses associated with experimental training.MethodsWe measured the hematological and stress hormonal (e.g., cortisol) changes on weekly basis before and after experimental monkey chair training in newly acquired rhesus monkeys.ResultsThe neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte (N/L) ratio significantly increased during the initial phase of the training and then gradually decreased after 3 weeks. Elevated serum cortisol levels in the initial phase also significantly decreased after 3 weeks of chair training.ConclusionsWe conclude that at least a 3‐week period is needed in monkey chair training for recovery from training stress. These results suggest that many researchers using nonhuman primates should provide enough time (>3 weeks) for adaptation to the experimental environment prior to beginning a study.