bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The importance of economic, social and cultural capital in understanding health inequalities: using a Bourdieu‐based approach in research on physical and mental health perceptions
Authors: Pinxten Wouter , Lievens John 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn this article we adopt a Bourdieu‐based approach to study social inequalities in perceptions of mental and physical health. Most research takes into account the impact of economic or social capital on health inequalities. Bourdieu, however, distinguishes between three forms of capital that can determine peoples' social position: economic, social and cultural capital. Health research examining the effects of cultural capital is scarce. By simultaneously considering and modelling indicators of each of Bourdieu's forms of capital, we further the understanding of the dynamics of health inequalities. Using data from a large‐scale representative survey (N = 1825) in Flanders, Belgium, we find that each of the forms of capital has a net effect on perceptions of physical and mental health, which persists after controlling for the other forms of capital and for the effects of other correlates of perceived health. The only exception is that the cultural capital indicators are not related to mental health. These results confirm the value of a Bourdieu‐based approach and indicate the need to consider economic, social and cultural capital to obtain a better understanding of social inequality in health.
Gelsolin and Adipokines Are Associated With Protein‐Energy Wasting in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Chiu Terry Ting‐Yu , Liao Shang‐Chih , Lee Wen‐Chin , Lee Po‐Shun , Ng Hwee‐Yeong , Chien Yu‐Su , Lee Chien‐Te 
Published: July 2014

AbstractProtein‐energy wasting (PEW) contributes to mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Adipokines regulate energy homeostasis and body weight. Circulating gelsolin can modulate inflammation and is correlated with HD mortality. Whether adipokines and gelsolin play important roles in PEW remains unclear. Based on the criteria proposed by the International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism, we examined the associations between PEW and biomarkers (gelsolin, leptin, adiponectin, interleukin‐6, tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF‐α]) in 188 stable HD patients. Patients with PEW had significantly lower serum leptin levels, and tended to have higher adiponectin, TNF‐α, and lower gelsolin levels. Logistic regression analysis revealed that gelsolin, leptin, adiponectin, and blood urea nitrogen were independently associated with PEW score. Serum creatinine, TNF‐α, gender, renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) blockade, and lipid‐lowering agents were not associated with PEW score. Patients on lipid‐lowering agents had lower PEW scores and those with RAS blockade had higher PEW scores. Our study confirms that gelsolin, adiponectin, and leptin are significant associates with PEW in HD patients. Further understanding of how these factors contribute to PEW may help design novel therapeutic strategies for PEW in chronic kidney disease.
Management and outcome of 35 cases with foetal/neonatal alloimmune neutropenia
Authors: van den Tooren‐de Groot Rita , Ottink Mark , Huiskes Elly , van Rossum André , van der Voorn Bibian , Slomp Jennichjen , de Haas Masja , Porcelijn Leendert 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to provide an overview of foetal/neonatal alloimmune neutropenia (FNAIN), together with advice on the clinical management.MethodsNeutrophil serology in the Netherlands is centralised at Sanquin Diagnostic Services. We examined FNAIN cases between January 1, 1991, and July 1, 2013, to determine the number of cases diagnosed, the relationship with human neutrophil antigen (HNA) antibody, the clinical presentation and therapeutic interventions.ResultsWe identified 35 FNAIN cases. The detected HNA antibodies were as follows: anti‐HNA‐1a (n = 7), anti‐HNA‐1b (n = 12), anti‐HNA‐1c (n = 2), anti‐HNA‐2 (n = 8), anti‐HNA‐3a (n = 1), anti‐HNA‐5a (n = 1) and anti‐FcγRIIIb (n = 4). No infections were diagnosed in 14 neonates, and the other 21 neonates suffered from omphalitis (n = 6), urinary tract infection (n = 1), candida mucositis (n = 1), fever of unknown origin (n = 6) and sepsis (n = 7, 20%). Parity, gestational age, birthweight, neutrophil counts and antibody specificity were not significantly different for cases with, and without, infections. All the infected children were treated with antibiotics. No children died.ConclusionMore than half (21) of the 35 cases of FNAIN presented with infections and most implicated were HNA‐1a, HNA‐1b and HNA‐2. Treatment with antibiotics seemed adequate. A neonatal neutropenia workflow model for use in neonatal intensive care units is presented.
Genetic variability of Lizard canary breed inferred from pedigree analysis
Authors: Cecchi Francesca , Ciampolini Roberta , Giacalone Gianluca , Paci Gisella 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe genealogical data of 471 (whole population: WP) Lizard canaries of an Italian breeder were analyzed to evaluate the genetic variability of the breed. The reference population (RP) comprised 346 living reproductive birds. Average generation interval was 1.61 ± 0.718 for males and 1.72 ± 0.863 for females. The average value of inbreeding (F) and relatedness (AR) in the RP were 15.83% and 22.63%, while the average increase in inbreeding was estimated to be 6.71% per generation (effective population size = 7.49). The results showed the need to reduce the level of inbreeding which would result in significant loss of genetic variation and in significant inbreeding depression.
Fibroblast growth factor‐21, body composition, and insulin resistance in pre‐pubertal and early pubertal males and females
Authors: Hanks Lynae J. , Casazza Krista , Ashraf Ambika P. , Wallace Stephenie , Gutiérrez Orlando M. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryObjectiveAccumulating evidence derived primarily from animal models suggests that fibroblast growth factor‐21 (FGF‐21) may affect the musculoskeletal system via effects on the capacity of tissues to respond to insulin. A proportion of musculoskeletal properties and underpinnings of promoting/preventing insulin resistance are established early in the pubertal transition. Thus, the objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that insulin resistance and/or obesity will promote greater FGF‐21 concentration which will be inversely associated with musculoskeletal parameters [lean mass and bone mineral content (BMC)] in pre‐/early pubertal children. Given the sexual dimorphic nature of musculoskeletal development of fat mass accrual, differences by obesity status and sex were also investigated.DesignCross‐sectional.PatientsChildren ages 7–12 years (n = 69, 38% male, 48% non‐Hispanic black, 45% obese).MeasurementsFasting FGF‐21, glucose and insulin measures were obtained. An estimate of insulin resistance was derived using the homoeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR). Body composition (BMC, lean mass and fat mass) was assessed by DXA. Multivariate regression analysis was used to evaluate the influence of FGF‐21 on BMC, lean mass and HOMA‐IR as dependent variables. Obesity status was established based on BMI z‐score.ResultsFGF‐21 concentrations did not differ by obesity status or by sex. There was an inverse association between FGF‐21 and BMC among nonobese individuals (P = 0·01) and an inverse association between FGF‐21 and lean mass among females (P = 0·02), which were both independent of fat mass. FGF‐21 was inversely associated with HOMA‐IR in males, but not females (P = 0·04).ConclusionsThe existence of relationships of FGF‐21 with musculoskeletal parameters and insulin resistance raises the possibility of crosstalk between these systems. These findings suggest that circulating FGF‐21 may differ in its association with bone, lean mass and insulin resistance depending on sex and weight status.
Youth and parent perceptions of aftercare supports at discharge from residential care
Authors: Trout Alexandra L. , Hoffman Steven , Huscroft‐D'Angelo Jacqueline , Epstein Michael H. , Duppong Hurley Kristin , Stevens Amy L. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWhile much is known about youth struggles after reintegration into the home and community settings following stays in out‐of‐home care, little is known about appropriate supports for aftercare, or parent (see Note ) and youth perceptions during this critical transition period. This study seeks to begin to address these questions through surveys evaluating youth (n = 48) and parent (n = 48) perceptions of (i) transition planning, family preparedness and aftercare; (ii) youth preparedness for the transition period across major life domains (e.g. education, health care, relationships); and (iii) the importance of specific aftercare supports and services. Results indicate differences between youth and parents on perceptions of need for continued supports, likelihood of participation in aftercare programs; and youth preparedness for success in relationships, family and independent living domains. In contrast, similarities were found on youth and parent ratings regarding the importance of specific services and supports, with both groups indicating supports in education as most important and supports in mental health as least. Study limitations, future research and implications are provided.
Developments in pediatric liver transplantation since implementation of the new allocation rules in Eurotransplant
Authors: Herden Uta , Grabhorn Enke , Briem‐Richter Andrea , Ganschow Rainer , Nashan Björn , Fischer Lutz 
Published: July 2014

AbstractLiver allocation in the Eurotransplant (ET) region has changed from a waiting time to an urgency‐based system using the model of end‐stage liver disease (MELD) score in 2006. To allow timely transplantation, pediatric recipients are allocated by an assigned pediatric MELD independent of severity of illness. Consequences for children listed at our center were evaluated by retrospective analysis of all primary pediatric liver transplantation (LTX) from deceased donors between 2002 and 2010 (110 LTX before/50 LTX after new allocation). Of 50 children transplanted in the MELD era, 17 (34%) underwent LTX with a high‐urgent status that was real in five patients (median lab MELD 22, waiting time five d) and assigned in 12 patients (lab MELD 7, waiting time 35 d). Thirty‐three children received a liver by their assigned pediatric MELD (lab MELD 15, waiting time 255 d). Waiting time in the two periods was similar, whereas the wait‐list mortality decreased (from about four children/yr to about one child/yr). One‐ and three‐yr patient survival showed no significant difference (94.5/97.7%; p = 0.385) as did one‐ and three‐yr graft survival (80.7/75.2%; and 86.5/82%; p = 0.436 before/after). Introduction of a MELD‐based allocation system in ET with assignment of a granted score for pediatric recipients has led to a clear priorization of children resulting in a low wait‐list mortality and good clinical outcome.
Outcomes of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischaemic stroke in HIV‐infected adults
Authors: Sweeney E. M. , Thakur K. T. , Lyons J. L. , Smith B. R. , Willey J. Z. , Cervantes‐Arslanian A. M. , Hickey M. K. , Uchino K. , Haussen D. C. , Koch S. , Schwamm L. H. , Elkind M. S. V. , Shinohara R. T. , Mateen F. J. 
Published: July 2014

Background and purposeTo our knowledge there are no studies reporting the use and short‐term outcomes of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV‐TPA) for the treatment of acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) in people living with HIV.MethodsThe US Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) (2006–2010) was searched for HIV‐infected AIS patients treated with IV‐TPA.ResultsIn the NIS, 2.2% (62/2877) of HIV‐infected AIS cases were thrombolyzed with IV‐TPA (median age 52 years, range 27–78, 32% female, 22% Caucasian) vs. 2.1% (19 335/937 896) of HIV‐uninfected cases (median age 72 years, range 17–102 years, 50% female, 74% Caucasian; P = 0.77). There were more deaths in HIV‐infected versus uninfected patients with stroke (220/2877, 7.6% vs. 49 089/937 547, 5.2%, P < 0.001) but no difference in the proportion of deaths amongst IV‐TPA‐treated patients. The age‐ and sex‐adjusted odds ratio for death following IV‐TPA administration in HIV‐infected versus uninfected patients was 2.26 (95% CI 1.12, 4.58), but the interaction on mortality between HIV and IV‐TPA use was not statistically significant, indicating no difference in risk of in‐hospital death by HIV serostatus with IV‐TPA use. A higher number of HIV‐infected patients remained in hospital versus died or were discharged at both 10 and 30 days (P < 0.01 at 10 and 30 days). No difference in the proportion of intracerebral hemorrhage in the two groups was found (P = 0.362).ConclusionsThe in‐hospital mortality is higher amongst HIV‐infected AIS patients than HIV‐uninfected patients. However, the risk of death amongst HIV‐infected patients treated with IV‐TPA is similar to HIV‐uninfected groups.
The Anthropocene and Geography I: The Back Story
Authors: Castree Noel 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis and two companion papers (Geography and the Anthropocene II: Current Contributions and The Anthropocene and Geography III: Future Directions) consider the relevance of ‘the Anthropocene’ to present and future research in Geography. Along with the concept of ‘planetary boundaries’, the idea that humanity has entered a new geological epoch of its own making is currently attracting considerable attention – both within and beyond the world of Earth surface science from whence both notions originate. This paper summarises the origins and evolution of the scientific discourse since the Anthropocene idea was first proposed in 2000. It ends by outlining the potential relevance of the Anthropocene and planetary boundaries ideas to Geography – potential because both concepts have only recently received serious attention in the discipline. The next paper, following on from this, then reviews these early geographical interpretations of the two scientific buzzwords. The subsequent paper looks ahead to future options should these terms really begin to catch‐on outside Geography. If they become societal keywords, then geographers should be participants in, rather than mere observers of, the unfolding discussion. As we will discover, some geographers are well‐placed to shape future discourse and practice, but there is considerable potential for many others to join the fray.
Understanding Men's Attributions of Why They Ejaculate Before Desired: An Internet Study
Authors: Rowland David L. , Neal Cody J. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Introduction
Recent developments in the study of men's sexual response have raised significant issues related to the definition and diagnosis of premature ejaculation (PE).

Aim
We wanted to understand men's perceived reasons for “ejaculating before they wanted,” whether they selected attributions from the same broad category when allowed to endorse multiple reasons, and whether younger and older cohorts differed in their attributions.

Methods
A subsample of 376 men who indicated that they “ejaculated before they wanted” was drawn from a larger pool of 1,249 men participating in an online survey on men's sexual health. This subsample responded to a number of items regarding their ejaculatory patterns, including two questions listing 10 possible self-reported attributions/reasons for their quick ejaculation—one item allowed respondents to endorse multiple reasons, the other limited the response to the most important reason.

Main Outcome Measures
The primary outcome measure was men's attributions for ejaculating before desired, with choices from 10 possible pretested reasons. In addition, concordance across attributions was determined, that is, if a man responded to one category, was he also likely to select another category?

Results
Men who met the ejaculatory latency criterion for PE were generally no different from those who did not. Overall, when required to select the most important attribution, most men identified a specific issue with “lack of self-efficacy” (lack of control or aroused too quickly). Few respondents identified erection loss, partner issues, or medical/medication concerns as the reason—and these patterns were independent of age. Concordance was high across self-efficacy attributions but low across other attributions.

Conclusions
Most men who complain of ejaculating before desired attribute this response to problems with self-efficacy. Only a small percent of men identified other possible reasons for their quick ejaculation. Such findings have implications for both the diagnostic process and definitional language for PE.
Hormonal and Surgical Treatment in Trans-Women with BRCA1 Mutations: A Controversial Topic
Authors: Colebunders Britt , T'Sjoen Guy , Weyers Steven , Monstrey Stan 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Introduction
Male-to-female transgender persons (trans-women) receive livelong cross-sex hormonal treatment in order to induce and maintain secondary female characteristics. One of the concerns of long-term estrogen treatment is the induction of carcinomas of estrogen-sensitive tissues such as the breast. BRCA1 mutations have been shown to account for a large proportion of inherited predispositions to breast cancer.

Aim
The aim of this case report is to discuss the hormonal and surgical options in the treatment of trans-women with a genetic predisposition for breast cancer.

Method
We describe a case of a trans-woman who was found to be a carrier of a BRCA1 mutation.

Results
The patient underwent a breast augmentation. She refused a prophylactic mastectomy followed by a primary breast reconstruction. She also underwent a vaginoplasty and a bilateral castration. Androgen blocking treatment was stopped after surgery; estradiol treatment however was continued.

Conclusions
This case points to the importance of routine investigation of family history in trans-women. Trans-women with BRCA mutations should be carefully monitored and if cancers develop, this should be reported. Follow-up should be according to the guidelines for breast cancer screening in biological women, and the guidelines for prostate cancer and colon cancer screening in men.
Correlation between Migraine Severity and Cholesterol Levels
Authors: Tana Claudio , Santilli Francesca , Martelletti Paolo , di Vincenzo Angelo , Cipollone Francesco , Davì Giovanni , Giamberardino Maria Adele 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIntroductionSeveral studies have documented increased cardiovascular risk factors, particularly hypercholesterolemia, in the migraine population with respect to controls. However, no studies have investigated the possible relationship between headache severity parameters and lipid serum levels.MethodsThis study evaluated the lipid asset in 52 migraine patients (17 with and 36 without aura) before and after treatment with drugs for migraine prophylaxis for 3 months.ResultsHigh frequency (HF, ≥ 8/month) and intensity (HI, ≥ 5 Numeric Rating Score) vs. low frequency (LF, < 8/month) and intensity (LI, < 5) of crises were associated with significantly higher cholesterol levels, both total (TC, HF vs. LF, P < 0.0001; HI vs. LI, P < 0.0001) and LDL (LDL‐c, HF vs. LF, P < 0.0001, and HI vs. LI, P < 0.0001). In treated patients, a significant decrease in number and intensity of crises was associated with a significant reduction of TC and LDL‐c (P < 0.001). A direct linear correlation was also found between frequency and intensity of crises and lipid levels (TC/frequency, P < 0.0001; TC/intensity, P < 0.0001; LDL‐c/frequency, P < 0.0001; LDL‐c/intensity, P < 0.0001). No significant difference was found in the evaluated parameters for the subgroups of patients with and without aura.DiscussionThis study shows a significant positive association between migraine frequency and intensity with total and LDL cholesterol, demonstrating for the first time a significant reduction of these lipid parameters after migraine prophylaxis. However, in view of the retrospective design of the study and the small population size, these results should be considered as preliminary, to be confirmed by future prospective controlled trials.
A New Method to Find Fuzzy Nth Order Derivation and Applications to Fuzzy Nth Order Arithmetic Based on Generalized H-Derivation
Authors: Hooshangian Laleh , Allahviranloo Tofigh 
Published: July 2014

In this paper, fuzzy nth-order derivative for n in N is introduced. To do this, nth-order derivation under generalized Hukuhara derivative here in discussed. Calculations on the fuzzy nth-order derivative on fuzzy functions and their relationships, in general, are introduced. Then, the fuzzy nth-order differential equations is solved, for n in N.
Immunization-Induced Anaplasma marginale-Specific T-Lymphocyte Responses Impaired by A. marginale Infection Are Restored after Eliminating Infection with Tetracycline
Authors: Turse Joshua E. , Scoles Glen A. , Deringer James R. , Fry Lindsay M. , Brown Wendy C. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTInfection of cattle withAnaplasma marginalefails to prime sustained effector/memory T-cell responses, and high bacterial load may induce antigen-specific CD4 T exhaustion and deletion. We tested the hypothesis that clearance of persistent infection restores the exhausted T-cell response. We show that infection-induced T-cell exhaustion, characterized as loss of antigen-specific proliferation, and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) production are partially restored in cattle following clearance of persistent infection with tetracycline.
Pertussis-Specific Memory B-Cell and Humoral IgG Responses in Adolescents after a Fifth Consecutive Dose of Acellular Pertussis Vaccine
Authors: Jahnmatz Maja , Ljungman Margaretha , Netterlid Eva , Jenmalm Maria C. , Nilsson Lennart , Thorstensson Rigmor 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTIn order to impede the increase in pertussis incidence in the adolescent group, a school-leaving booster dose administered at the age of 14 to 16 years will be introduced in Sweden in 2016. Preceding this introduction, an open-label, randomized, multicenter, clinical trial without a control group and with blinded analysis was performed, investigating both safety and immunogenicity. Reported here are the memory B-cell and serological responses detected in a smaller cohort (n= 34) of the 230 subjects recruited to the study. All subjects had received primary vaccination consisting of three doses of diphtheria–tetanus–5-component pertussis (DTaP5) vaccine, at 3, 5, and 12 months of age, and a tetanus–low-dose diphtheria–5-component pertussis (Tdap5) vaccine booster at 5.5 years. In this study, the subjects were randomly assigned and received either a Tdap1 or Tdap5 booster. Of the 230 participants, 34 subjects had samples available for evaluation of IgG-producing memory B-cell responses. Both vaccine groups had significant increases in pertussis toxin-specific serum IgG levels, but only the 1-component group showed significant increases in pertussis toxin-specific memory B cells. The 5-component group had significant increases in filamentous hemagglutinin- and pertactin-specific memory B-cell and serum IgG levels; these were not seen in the 1-component group, as expected. In conclusion, this study shows that a 5th consecutive dose of an acellular pertussis vaccine induces B-cell responses in vaccinated adolescents. (This study has been registered at EudraCT under registration no. 2008-008195-13 and at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT00870350.)