bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Efficient Sampling Method for Regression-Based Polynomial Chaos Expansion
Authors: Zein Samih , Colson Benoît , Glineur François 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) is an efficient numerical method for performing a reliability analysis. It relates the output of a nonlinear system with the uncertainty in its input parameters using a multidimensional polynomial approximation (the so-called PCE). Numerically, such an approximation can be obtained by using a regression method with a suitable design of experiments. The cost of this approximation depends on the size of the design of experiments. If the design of experiments is large and the system is modeled with a computationally expensive FEA (Finite Element Analysis) model, the PCE approximation becomes unfeasible. The aim of this work is to propose an algorithm that generates efficiently a design of experiments of a size defined by the user, in order to make the PCE approximation computationally feasible. It is an optimization algorithm that seeks to find the best design of experiments in the D-optimal sense for the PCE. This algorithm is a coupling between genetic algorithms and the Fedorov exchange algorithm. The efficiency of our approach in terms of accuracy and computational time reduction is compared with other existing methods in the case of analytical functions and finite element based functions.
Mass and Volume Conservation in Phase Field Models for Binary Fluids
Authors: Shen Jie , Yang Xiaofeng , Wang Qi 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe commonly used incompressible phase field models for non-reactive, binary fluids, in which the Cahn-Hilliard equation is used for the transport of phase variables (volume fractions), conserve the total volume of each phase as well as the material volume, but do not conserve the mass of the fluid mixture when densities of two components are different. In this paper, we formulate the phase field theory for mixtures of two incompressible fluids, consistent with the quasi-compressible theory [28], to ensure conservation of mass and momentum for the fluid mixture in addition to conservation of volume for each fluid phase. In this formulation, the mass-average velocity is no longer divergence-free (solenoidal) when densities of two components in the mixture are not equal, making it a compressible model subject to an internal con-straint. In one formulation of the compressible models with internal constraints (model 2), energy dissipation can be clearly established. An efficient numerical method is then devised to enforce this compressible internal constraint. Numerical simulations in confined geometries for both compressible and the incompressible models are carried out using spatially high order spectral methods to contrast the model predictions. Numerical comparisons show that (a) predictions by the two models agree qualitatively in the situation where the interfacial mixing layer is thin; and (b) predictions differ significantly in binary fluid mixtures undergoing mixing with a large mixing zone. The numerical study delineates the limitation of the commonly used incompressible phase field model using volume fractions and thereby cautions its predictive value in simulating well-mixed binary fluids.
Developing Low-Cost Functional Class 3 IETM
Authors: Harvey Betty 
Published: September 2012

This paper will describe an approach that was taken by Cobham Mission Systems Division in Orchard Park, New York for delivering a Class 3 Interactive Electronic Technical Manual (IETM). Cobham Mission Systems Division develops life support systems for the aviation industry and NASA. John Glenn, and every astronaut since, has used Cobham's oxygen pressure-regulator. The original oxygen pressure-regulator that John Glenn used in his first trip into space is displayed prominently in Cobham's lobby in Orchard Park. After this presentation a demonstration of the IETM will be provided.
Schematron in the Context of the Clinical Document Architecture (CDA)
Authors: Hamilton Kate , Wood Lauren 
Published: September 2012

The Clinical Document Architecture (CDA), created by Healthcare Level 7 HL7 is widely used in healthcare. Its scope is any clinical document or report. The (single) CDA schema that is used to validate all of these reports is derived from a UML model. The element names reflect specializations of various concepts, while the attribute values can refine element meaning, add flavor to the parent/child relationship, reverse the subject and object of a compound expression, negate the meaning, or explain the absence of a value. Separately-defined prose constraints represent the requirements for individual document types such as a Procedure Note or a public-health accounting of bloodstream infections. These report-specific constraints are, of course, not defined in the general CDA.xsd schema. Although the element-attribute relationships can be tested using the schema, the value-driven conditional and alternative rules are best tested using Schematron. We create Schematron and use it in conjunction with the CDA schema to confirm that the CDA documents conform to the relevant specific report constraints and requirements. The Schematron must itself be tested to ensure that the combination of W3C Schema and Schematron correctly checks the rules and that the Schematron error messages point comprehensibly to the real error.
This paper presents the reasons for using Schematron for this validation, some of the processes used to test the Schematron during its development, and challenges.
Quality Control of PMC Content: A Case Study
Authors: Kelly Christopher , Beck Jeff 
Published: September 2012

PubMed Central (PMC) is the US National Library of Medicine's digital archive of life sciences journal literature. On average the PMC team processes 14,000 articles per month. All of the articles are submitted to the archive by publishers in an agreed-upon markup format, and the articles are transformed to a common article model. To help reduce the number of content- or markup-related problems encountered, PMC puts new participating journals through an evaluation period that includes both automated and manual checks.
Once a journal has passed the evaluation stage, it sends its content to PMC on a regular production schedule. The production content is processed automatically when it arrives, with any processing problems generating expected error messages. Although most of the content sent to PMC has been through production systems and QA when it was published, we've found that there is still a level of manual content checking that needs to be done on the production content. Any problems found must be investigated to determine if they result from a problem in the source content, a problem with the PMC ingest transforms, or simply a problem with our rendering of the normalized XML content.
Having the content in XML certainly has advantages: it can be validated against a schema and easily manipulated and processed, but XML doesn't solve all of the problems. A sharp eye and attention to detail are still needed by the production team as they would be for any publishing process.
Human Resource Management Leadership Succession in Multinationals: Are Japanese CEOs still more likely to be hired from within Company Ranks than US CEOs? Jim Tanoos
Authors: Tanoos Jim 
Published: September 2012

The study of CEO human resource management has been popular because of the stakes involved in anticipating and predicting effects on corporate stock prices. Local customs affect regional organizational leadership philosophies, including societal norms common to America and Japan, which prompt management structures to be unique for each country. A prolonged slowdown in the Japanese economy starting in the early 1990s has caused scholars to debate the impact of coinciding declines in their traditional organizational management templates and its impact on current CEO hiring approaches for multinational corporations based in Japan. Today, many scholars predict that fewer Japanese CEOs will be hired from within company ranks. As such, this study reports on the proportions of CEOs that are hired from outside the multinational corporation in the US versus Japan. Keywords: organizational leadership, leadership succession, multinational corporation, Japanese CEO, American CEO, seniority, hiring practices, societal norms, human resource management
Effect of Recruitment and Selection of Employees on The Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Kisumu Municipality, Kenya
Authors: Omolo Jonathan W. , Oginda Moses N. , Oso Willis Yuko 
Published: September 2012

The study investigated the effect recruitment and election on the performance of SMEs in Kisumu Municipality, Kenya. Kenya has 1.6 million SMEs, constituting 96% of business enterprises, employing 75% of the labour force and contributing 20% to GDP. But their performance has been poor in the last decade. Hence the need to determine the suitable recruitment and selection strategies that could increase their performance. The study found that the overall average performance of SMEs in Kisumu Municipality was 60.71%. There was a significant positive correlation between recruitment and selection, and performance of SMEs at α = .01. The average performance of SMEs with good recruitment and selection was 81.90%; with moderate was 67.94%, with poor was 53.90%. Recruitment and selection account for 40.8% of the total variance in performance of SMEs. The study concludes that recruitment and selection has a significant effect on the performance of SMEs in Kisumu Municipality. Key WordsRecruitment, selection, performance, SMEs, Kisumu, sourcing, attracting, screening
Significance of Professionalism in Curriculum Development and Research Process
Authors: Mushtaq Muhammad 
Published: September 2012

Professionalism is usually considered the expertise, skill and knowledge of that particular field first, and its application effectively and efficiently than. The curriculum professionals are the people who are associated with teaching and learning activity and they suggest the course of action by taking aims and objectives prescribed by the state. They need to have knowledge of various educational, ideological, sociological and psychological foundations to meet the change and challenges of the post modern era. Their professional characteristics and significance has been discussed, analysed and assessed by the views of social scientists of different countries in the coming paragraphs. Finally the expertise they need, factors that affect them, major consideration they had to take into account in developing curriculum for the futures is presented as main theme of the article. In the end the effects of globalisation, internationalisation and information and communication technology which is changing in great speed and strength play a significant role in development of curriculum in this century.
Role of Educational Technology in Public and Private Institutes at Secondary School Level in District Karak (Khyber Pukhtunkhwa) Pakistan
Authors: Suleman Qaiser , Hussain Ishtiaq , Akhtar Zaitoon 
Published: September 2012

Educational technology plays a fundamental role in enhancing teaching learning process. It has facilitated instructional process and made it more productive, dynamic and effective. Therefore the study was conducted to explore the role of educational technology in public and private institutes in district Karak (Khyber Pukhtunkhwa) Pakistan in comparative perspectives. The main objectives of the study were: to compare the availability of educational technology in public and private institutions at secondary level; to compare the usability of educational technology in public and private institutions at secondary level and to know the usefulness of educational technology in public and private institutions at secondary level. All the heads, teachers and students in public and private secondary schools in district Karak constituted the population of the study. In order to ensure adequate sample, 60 heads, 180 teachers and 600 students serving and studying in public and private sectors at secondary school level in District Karak were selected randomly. The study was delimited to the selected male public and private secondary schools. The study was also delimited to those technologies which are commonly used. The study was descriptive in nature therefore, the researchers decided to develop questionnaire for the collection of data. A single questionnaire was developed for the whole sample. Pilot testing was conducted to know the weakness, misconceptions and ambiguities of the questions. After conduction of pilot testing, the questionnaire was revised and then its final version was prepared in the light of valuable suggestions of the heads, teachers and students. The researchers personally visited to the respective sample and distributed the questionnaires among the heads, teachers and students in public and private secondary schools. In this way data was collected. After the collection of data, the data was organized, tabulated and analyzed. The researchers decided to apply chi-square for the statistical treatment of the data. Therefore, chi square was applied to compare the responses of the sample. After analysis of the data, it was concluded that educational technologies are not available in both sectors. Some technologies are available in minor amount but these technologies are not used in both public and private sectors. Key Words:Educational Technology, Availability of Educational Technology, Usability of Educational Technology, Importance of Educational Technology
Senior Academic Staff Mentoring: Dealing with a Challenging Concept
Authors: Boboc Marius , Smaldino Sharon , Persichitte Kay 
Published: September 2012

This article theorizes mentoring in higher education, particularly considering the gap that senior academic staff notice in terms of support after being granted tenure. Following discussions of the various definitions of the concept as well as the identification of its features and several operational models as found in the literature, the authors propose a model for mentoring of experienced college professors. The model in question capitalizes on parameters that characterize effective mentoring, while comparing the pre- and post-tenure experiences of senior academic staff. The focus of a prospective professional development program relying on mentoring should take into account contextual parameters that motivate seasoned college instructors as contributors to their institution’s knowledge base and positive culture. Keywords: Senior Academic Staff; Mentoring; Professional Development
Learning through a Reflection: Becoming an effective PhD supervisor
Authors: Blazevski Nikica Mojsoska- 
Published: September 2012

The aim of this paper is to learn how to be a better or more effective supervisor through a critical reflection on my own supervisory experience. The importance of the effective supervision is highlighted in view of the established link between effective supervision and greater completion rates of postgraduate degrees, where the latter is main focus of higher education institutions/authorities in the last decade. The reflection is used to not only to justify the way we were supervised, but to challenge it and find ways how we can improve our effective supervision. Several researchers argue that supervisors usually adopt the same supervisory practice and style as the one they experienced themselves as research students (Pearson and Brew, 2002; Lee, 2008; Wright et al., 2008), notwithstanding additional factors that might influence the effectiveness of supervision. Pearson and Brew (2002) argue that new supervisors should have an ability to critically reflect on their past experience as research student in light of the theoretical conceptions and research findings in the literature on supervision, a process called “a critical reflective journey” by Tait (2009, p.193). The methodology for this research is based on the framework for effective supervision adopted by Engebretson et al. (2008) who establish eleven characteristics of an effective supervision. Parallel to the examination of each of those individual characteristics, I provide my insight into each characteristic by reflecting on my own experience. The structure of the paper is as follows. Section 1 introduces the importance of an effective supervision in the modern educational environment, as well as the value that critical reflection brings to the learning. Section 2 provides a literature review of the characteristics of a good supervisor, along with a personal experience related to each of them. Section 3 concludes. Key words: Reflection, Learning, Supervision, Students, Oversees
Financial Governance and Sustainable Development in Nigeria: A Critical Review
Authors: Ocheni Stephen , Atakpa Moses , Nwankwo Basil C. 
Published: September 2012

The work is a review of the Federal Government application of fiscal and monetary policies to create the necessary healthy environment for sustainable growth and development of the Nigerian state. The review indicates that although the government of Nigeria has designed in theory good fiscal and monetary policies to facilitate sustainable growth and development of all the sectors of the economy, the practical implementation of such policies to attain the desired results has remained an illusion. The problem responsible for the great expectations not matching with the realities on ground is because of lack of budget discipline. The Nigerian government in practical terms most often than not hardly follows the implementation of her annual budget as approved by the National Assembly. Consequently, a lot of extra budgetary activities which amount to both financial and budget indiscipline are experienced in the management of the annual budgets over the years. It is therefore recommended that the Federal Government of Nigeria should maintain strict budget discipline to guarantee good financial governance which is a necessary condition for sustainable development. Keywords: Financial Governance, Sustainable Development, Money Market, Policy
Analysis of options for Maximizing Local Government internally generated Revenue in Nigeria
Authors: Atakpa Moses , Ocheni Stephen , Nwankwo Basil C. 
Published: September 2012

This study examined the various options for maximizing internal revenue generation in the Nigerian local governments. It took critical and hard look on the various sources of internal revenue in the local governments, problems of exploiting the various sources for revenue generation, and the reason why most of the sources remain untapped or under-tapped by the local government in Nigeria. The study suggested feasible and pragmatic ways to maximize internal revenue generation in the local governments. It observed that prior to 1976 Local Government Reform; most local governments were able to maximize their internal revenue generation and discharged their primary responsibilities with little or no financial assistance from the higher tier governments. However, with the introduction of statutory allocations to the local governments following the 1976 Reform, most of the local governments abandoned the hitherto viable internal revenue sources in preference to the revenue from statutory allocation. This unwholesome attitude of most local governments, among others, was identified as the bane of internal revenue generation at this level of government. The paper concludes, by stating that unless the local governments look inwards to maximize their internal revenue sources it cannot be financially self-reliant. The implication of this is that it cannot enjoy reasonable degree of autonomy as a third tier of government if it continues to be heavily dependent on the financial assistance from both the federal and the state governments, to be able to function effectively. The reason is because as the saying goes, “he who pays the piper dictates the tune.” Keywords: Local Government, Revenue, Reforms, and Administration
Nanofiltration Membranes with Modified Active Layer Using Aromatic Polyamide Dendrimers
Authors: Gao Yuan , de Jubera Ana M. Saenz , Mariñas Benito J. , Moore Jeffrey S. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe modification of a commercial nanofiltration (NF) membrane (TFC‐S) with shape‐persistent dendritic molecules is reported. Amphiphilic aromatic polyamide dendrimers (G1–G3) are synthesized via a divergent approach and used for membrane active layer modification by direct percolation. The permeate samples collected from the percolation experiments are analyzed by UV‐visible spectroscopy to monitor the influence of dendrimer generations on percolation behavior and active layer modification. Further characterization of modified membranes by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and atomic force microscopy techniques reveals a relatively low‐level accumulation of dendrimers inside the original TFC‐S NF membrane active layer and subsequent formation of a coating of pure aramide dendrimers on top of the active layer. A PES‐PVA ultrafiltration membrane is used as a control membrane support (without an NF active layer) showing that structural compatibility between the dendrimers and support plays an important role in the membrane modification process. The performance of the modified TFC‐S membrane is evaluated on the basis of the rejection abilities for a variety of water contaminants having a range of molecular size and chemistry. As the water flux is inversely proportional to the thickness of the active layer, the amount of dendrimers deposited for specific contaminants are optimized to improve the solute rejection while maintaining high water flux.
Graphite Coating of Iron Nanowires for Nanorobotic Applications: Synthesis, Characterization and Magnetic Wireless Manipulation
Authors: Zeeshan Muhammad A. , Pané Salvador , Youn Seul Ki , Pellicer Eva , Schuerle Simone , Sort Jordi , Fusco Stefano , Lindo André M. , Park Hyung Gyu , Nelson Bradley J. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWireless‐manipulated graphite coated nanomagnets are promising candidates for minimally invasive targeted drug delivery platforms. Iron nanowires coated with graphitic shells are synthesized by template‐assisted deposition. The use of porous aluminum oxide templates enables both the batch production of nanowires by electrodeposition and their subsequent conformal encapsulation in graphite using chemical vapor deposition (CVD). High quality graphitic shells are obtained when CVD conditions are optimized using acetylene as carbon feedstock at 740 °C. Interestingly, the iron nanowires transform into iron carbide during the CVD process leading to changes in magnetic properties. The graphite coated iron nanowires are precisely manipulated against a water flow (0.1 mm/s) using a magnetic field of 350 Oe and a gradient of 50 kOe m−1 in a 5‐DOF magnetic manipulation system. Our approach opens new avenues for the design and synthesis of functional graphite coated nanowires that are promising for nanorobotics applications.