bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review article: the reversibility of cirrhosis
Authors: Sohrabpour A. A. , Mohamadnejad M. , Malekzadeh R. 
Published: September 2012

SummaryBackgroundCirrhosis is the end result of many types of chronic liver diseases. Recent developments in the understanding of the process of hepatic fibrogenesis have revealed that the process is a dynamic one and a capacity for recovery from any degree of fibrosis including those associated with cirrhosis is plausible.AimTo review current evidence of histopathological reversibility following drug therapy of more common aetiologies of cirrhosis.MethodsA PubMed search was performed and the evidence for histopathological regression of advanced fibrosis/cirrhosis following drug therapy was reviewed as of the end of February 2012.ResultsThere is abundant clinical evidence in support of the idea of the reversibility of cirrhosis in patients with different aetiologies of advanced hepatic disease including viral, autoimmune and metabolic/infiltrative liver disease.ConclusionsThe concept of cirrhosis has changed from being a form of static and irreversible entity to a dynamic and reversible diseases stage. Novel therapeutic strategies are under investigation to target specific steps in the process of fibrogenesis with the aim of reversing advanced fibrosis/cirrhosis.
Long‐term outcomes after high dose therapy and autologous haematopoietic cell rescue for refractory/relapsed Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Minn Ann Y. , Riedel Elyn , Halpern Jerry , Johnston Laura J. , Horning Sandra J. , Hoppe Richard T. , Goodman Karyn A. 
Published: September 2012

SummaryThe standard treatment for patients with refractory or relapsed Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is high‐dose chemotherapy and/or radiation with autologous haematopoietic cell rescue (AHCR). In this study, we assessed quality of life and evaluated the risk of late morbidity and mortality for HL patients who underwent AHCR. One hundred and fifty‐four patients who underwent AHCR at Stanford University from 1988 to 2002 and survived ≥2 years were evaluated. Median follow‐up was 10·2 years. There were 54 deaths, 34 from HL, 20 from other causes. The 10‐year cumulative incidence of death from HL or other causes was 21·7% and 12·7%, respectively. Thirteen deaths were from second malignancies. The risk ratio of second malignancies was 8·0 [95% confidence interval (CI), 4·7–12·6] compared with the general population, and 3·0 (95% CI, 1·8–4·8) compared with HL patients not undergoing AHCR. The risk ratio of second malignancies was 1·5 (95% CI, 0·9–2·4) compared with HL patients receiving non‐AHCR therapy. Overall quality of life did not differ from the general population, but AHCR survivors did note reduced functioning and some worse symptoms. AHCR survivors may be at increased risk of death from HL and other causes compared with the general population, but not compared with the HL population as a whole.
Prospective study of histomorphometry, biochemical bone markers and bone densitometric response to pamidronate in β‐thalassaemia presenting with osteopenia‐osteoporosis syndrome
Authors: Chatterjee Ratna , Shah Farrukh T. , Davis Bernard A. , Byers Margaret , Sooranna Dev , Bajoria Rekha , Pringle Jean , Porter John B. 
Published: September 2012

SummaryThis study aimed to evaluate bone remodelling disorders in thalassaemia by using pamidronate (PD) infusion with or without hormone replacement therapy (HRT) as a diagnostic‐therapeutic tool. In this prospective study, 24 adult thalassaemia major (TM) and 10 thalassaemia intermedia (TI) patients received either PD and HRT or HRT only (controls) for 3 years. Eugonadal patients with TI had PD only. Bone remodelling was assessed by dual energy X ray absorptiometry (DXA scan), type 1‐collagen biochemical bone markers (BBM) and histomorphometry of iliac crest biopsy before and after PD. As a group, thalassaemics had a significant improvement in spinal and femoral bone mineral density Z scores following PD (P < 0·01) compared to the controls. Although BBM were comparable pre‐therapy, they were significantly lower in the PD cohort (P < 0·001) compared to the control group. All patients had osteopenia, diminished osteoid formation and bone volume on histomorphometry pre‐therapy with high turnover bone disease (HTO) in TM and low‐turnover disease (LTO) in TI. In TM, bone volume improved significantly, whereas TI patients showed little or no response to PD. In conclusion, histomorphometry data suggest that TM patients have a distinct pathology of high turnover bone disease compared to TI patients, who have low‐turnover disease.
Three‐dimensional power Doppler transanal ultrasonography, to monitor haemorrhoidal blood flow after Doppler‐guided ALTA sclerosing therapy
Authors: Miyamoto H. , Asanoma M. , Miyamoto H. , Takasu C. , Shimada M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAim  The study aimed to use power Doppler imaging (PDI) transanal ultrasonography to produce three‐dimensional power Doppler angiography images of haemorrhoidal tissue and to monitor the effects of Doppler‐guided aluminium potassium sulfate and tannic acid (DGALTA) sclerotherapy.Method  Ninety‐six haemorrhoids in 43 patients were examined using PDI transanal ultrasonography, and DGALTA sclerotherapy was performed from April 2011 to April 2012. DGALTA sclerotherapy was conducted using a four‐step injection process with pulse wave Doppler ultrasound under perianal local anaesthesia.Results  A three‐dimensional power Doppler angiography image of the blood flow in haemorrhoidal tissue was produced using PDI transanal ultrasonography. The cross‐sectional area of blood flow in the haemorrhoidal tissue (PDI area) significantly decreased after DGALTA sclerotherapy. The PDI areas in the preoperative state and 1 and 3 months after treatment were 0.35 ± 0.27, 0.03 ± 0.05 and 0.04 ± 0.05 cm2 (P < 0.0001).Conclusion  A three‐dimensional power Doppler angiography image of the haemorrhoidal tissue was technically possible and showed blood flow in the haemorrhoidal tissue to be significantly decreased after DGALTA sclerotherapy.
Incontinence in full‐thickness rectal prolapse: low level of improvement after laparoscopic rectopexy
Authors: Cunin D. , Siproudhis L. , Desfourneaux V. , Bouteloup P.‐Y. , Meunier B. , Ropert A. , Berkelmans I. , Bretagne J.‐F. , Boudjema K. , Bouguen G. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAim  The study aimed to quantify incontinence before and after laparoscopic rectopexy in patients suffering from rectal prolapse.Method  Eighty‐five patients underwent laparoscopic rectopexy to treat rectal prolapse between 2003 and 2009. Symptomatic and functional data were collected prospectively before and after surgery by self‐administered questionnaires including the Cleveland Clinic Fecal Incontinence Score (CCIS) and constipation, gastrointestinal quality of life and urinary incontinence questionnaires. Incontinence was considered to be present when the CCIS remained at ≥ 5 after surgery.Results  After a mean follow‐up period of 36 months after surgery, 83% of the patients reported good to excellent results. Continence was improved in 58 (68%), with a significant decrease in the continence score (−3.4 ± 5.8, P = 0.001). However, 50 (58.9%) patients remained incontinent: 47 (55%) reported urge incontinence and 27 (32%) had passive leakage. Incontinence for liquid stool, incontinence for solid stool and the need for protection was seen in 43 (51%), 35 (41%) and 43 (51%) patients. Manometry, defaecography and ultrasonography were not associated with any improvement. In contrast, the patients’ average age (60.2 ± 15.8 vs 46.9 ± 15.5 years; P = 0.003), symptom duration before surgery (58.1 ± 70.1 vs 29.5 ± 33.3 months; P = 0.011), preoperative urinary incontinence score (10.7 ± 10.8 vs 4.2 ± 5.7; P = 0.0131) and faecal incontinence score (12.9 ± 4.9 vs 7.1 ± 6; P < 0.0001) were significantly higher in patients suffering from postoperative incontinence.Conclusion  Despite some continence improvement in two‐thirds of patients who underwent surgery for rectal prolapse, the level of improvement remained low in more than half of the patients.
Contrasts between dystrophic and clearwater lakes in the long‐term effects of acidification on cladoceran assemblages
Authors: KOROSI JENNIFER B. , SMOL JOHN P. 
Published: September 2012

Summary1. Most studies on zooplankton responses to acidification have focused on clearwater lakes with a dramatic acidification history. The role of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in moderating zooplankton responses to acidification in naturally acidic, dystrophic lakes is less well understood and is partially impeded by a lack of baseline data.2. Cladocera leave identifiable remains preserved in lake sediments that can be used to provide information on pre‐industrial species assemblages and their responses to environmental stressors such as acidification. Therefore, we used palaeolimnological approaches to track cladoceran assemblage responses to acidification since c.1850 (inferred from sedimentary diatom assemblages) in three acidified lakes in Kejimkujik National Park (Nova Scotia, Canada) that differ markedly in DOC content. These include two highly dystrophic lakes (Kejimkujik and Pebbleogittch lakes), and one clearwater lake (Beaverskin Lake).3. In dystrophic Pebbleogittch Lake, an increase in the acid‐tolerant, jelly‐clad, pelagic taxon Holopedium glacialis occurred coincident with diatom‐inferred pH (DI‐pH) declines, but no other notable cladoceran assemblage shifts occurred. Similarly, Cladocera assemblages did not appear to respond to lakewater acidification in dystrophic Kejimkujik Lake.4. In contrast, in the clearwater Beaverskin Lake, several observed shifts in cladoceran assemblage corresponded to DI‐pH declines, including an increase in the proportion of littoral taxa and an increase in Hill’s N2 species diversity. This may indicate increased water clarity as a result of acidification‐related decreases in DOC, which may have enhanced growth of emergent aquatic macrophytes and improved visibility for planktivorous fish, leading to increased predation on pelagic taxa. Species shifts within the littoral assemblage of Beaverskin Lake may reflect the differing tolerances of littoral taxa to low pH and aluminium toxicity.5. Overall, our results suggest that cladoceran assemblages in naturally acidic, dystrophic lakes may be resilient against additional pH declines related to industrial emissions of acidifying agents, as dystrophic lakes are less vulnerable to increased aluminium toxicity and acidification‐induced increases in water clarity and often have a pre‐industrial cladoceran assemblage already adapted to acidic conditions.
Antimicrobial effects of root canal medicaments against Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Atila‐Pektaş B. , Yurdakul P. , Gülmez D. , Görduysus Ö. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAimTo compare the antimicrobial activities of Activ Point (Roeko, Langenau, Germany), Calcium Hydroxide Plus Point (Roeko, Langenau, Germany), calcium hydroxide, 1% chlorhexidine gel and bioactive glass (S53P4) against Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus mutans.MethodologyOne hundred and twenty extracted single‐rooted human teeth were used. After removing the crowns, root canals were prepared by using the Protaper rotary system. Following autoclave sterilization, root canals were incubated at 37 °C with E. faecalis ATCC 29212 and S. mutans RSHM 676 for 1 week. The specimens, which were divided into five treatment groups for each microorganism according to the intracanal medicament used, were tested in 10 experimental runs. In each experimental run, 10 roots were included as treatment, one root as positive control and one root as sterility control. Sterile paper points were utilized to take samples from root canals after the incubation of teeth in thioglycollate medium at 37 °C for 1 week. Samples taken from teeth by sterile paper points were inoculated onto sheep blood agar, and following an overnight incubation, the colonies grown on sheep blood agar were counted and interpreted as colony‐forming units. Results were tested statistically by using Kruskal–Wallis and Conover's nonparametric multiple comparison tests.ResultsCHX gel (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001), Activ Point (P = 0.003 and P = 0.002) and Ca(OH)2 (P = 0.010 and P = 0.005) were significantly more effective against E. faecalis than that of Ca(OH)2 Plus Point and bioactive glass, respectively. On the other hand, compared with Ca(OH)2, CHX gel (P < 0.001), and Activ Point (P < 0.001), bioactive glass (P = 0.014) produced significantly lower colony counts of S. mutans. When compared with the positive control, treatment with Ca(OH)2 Plus Point (P = 0.085 and P = 0.066) did not produce significantly lower colony counts of E. faecalis and S. mutans, respectively.ConclusionsCompared with the medicaments having an antimicrobial effect because of their alkaline pH, the medicaments containing chlorhexidine were effective against both E. faecalis and S. mutans.
The effect of different taper preparations on the ability of sonic and passive ultrasonic irrigation to reach the working length in curved canals
Authors: Merino A. , Estevez R. , de Gregorio C. , Cohenca N. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAimTo evaluate the penetration of irrigants up to working length using two different activation systems in curved canals instrumented with 0.04 and 0.08 taper instruments.MethodologySixty‐eight mesiobuccal canals from mandibular first molars with curvatures between 30° and 40° were used. The samples were divided into group 1, canals instrumented to size 30, 0.04 taper, and group 2, instrumented to size 30, 0.08 taper. Both groups were irrigated with a contrast solution and divided in 2 subgroups of 15 samples each: Groups 1A and 2A were activated with passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), whilst groups 1B and 2B were activated with sonic irrigation (SI). Radiographs were taken to evaluate the penetration of the contrast solution up to working length. This evaluation was performed using Adobe Photoshop CS5. Results were analysed with the chi‐square test and a logistic regression model.ResultsOnly groups with 0.04 taper demonstrated significant differences where the activation with PUI was superior at reaching working length than SI (P = 0.010). The logistic regression model showed that the only correlation in reaching working length was the activation system used (P = 0.005).ConclusionThe results suggest that variation of canal taper does not affect the ability of PUI to reach the working length in curved canals whilst SI obtained inferior results with 0.04 taper canal preparations.
Modelling of dough formation process and structure evolution during farinograph test
Authors: Migliori Massimo , Correra Sebastiano 
Published: September 2012

SummaryDough formation process is a relevant step in cereal goods manufacturing, as in this stage the material develops its mechanical properties. Dough structure formation is promoted by mechanical energy transfer from the mixer blades to the sample, affecting flour hydration and gluten network formation kinetics. This paper reports a model of dough formation process during a farinograph test, accounting for all relevant physical phenomena: wheat particles hydration, gluten network formation, evolution and (eventually) disruption as effect of mixing energy. Results of the model are in terms of network strength and connectivity evolution, and a qualitative agreement was found with typical farinograph results. This allowed to employ the model to study the effect of the flour's physical properties on the empirically defined (but employed as industrial standards) farinograph outputs. Therefore, simulation results allowed to gain a physical insight of the technological parameters from a farinograph test.
Antioxidant activity, phenolic and anthocyanin contents of various rhubarb (Rheum spp.) varieties
Authors: Takeoka Gary R. , Dao Lan , Harden Leslie , Pantoja Alberto , Kuhl Joseph C. 
Published: September 2012

SummaryAntioxidant activity (ABTS assay), total phenolics and total anthocyanins were determined in the petioles of twenty‐nine rhubarb (Rheum spp.) varieties. Antioxidant activity ranged from 463 ± 50 (Rheum officinale) to 1242 ± 2 μmol Trolox per g DW (Valentine). The phenolic content varied from 673 ± 41 (Loher Blut) to 4173 ± 23 mg GAE/100 g DW (Plum Hutt) and had a low correlation (r = 0.663) with antioxidant results. Seven of the varieties (Plum Hutt, Valentine, Minnesota No. 8, Cherry Red, Cawood Delight, Coulter McDonald and OR 23) had higher total phenolics than kale, a vegetable rich in phenolics. The concentration of anthocyanins ranged from 19.8 ± 1.5 (Crimson Red) to 341.1 ± 41.6 mg/100 g DW (Valentine). The percentages of two main anthocyanins in rhubarb, cyanidin 3‐glucoside and cyanidin 3‐rutinoside varied from 66.07:33.93, respectively, in Valentine to 9.36:90.64, respectively, in R. officinale.
Mathematical approach to assessing spelt cultivars (Triticum aestivum subsp. spelt) for pasta making
Authors: Filipović Jelena , Pezo Lato , Filipović Nada , Filipović Vladimir , Bodroža‐Solarov Marija , Plančak Miroslav 
Published: September 2012

SummaryThis study investigates dough rheology of three wholemeal spelt flours cultivars and influence of egg quantity (0–248 g kg−1) on the technological and sensory quality of wholemeal pasta. Standard scores (SS), based on assigning equal weight to applied parameters (rheological, chemical, technological and colour), has been calculated and the obtained values compared. Correlation coefficients of SS with alveograph data for P, L, G and W are 0.99, 0.98, 0.99 and 0.91, respectively, and warm pasta stability and retrogradation of starch correlated to SS at level 0.99. For PCA modelling, two 9 × 15 data matrices were divided into different rheological or integrated chemical, technological quality and colour evaluation methods data sets. Standard scores analysis points out that owing to its good rheology, pasta made by cultivar Austria has the best technological quality in relation to the technological quality of the other two cultivars (Nirvana and Eko).
Study of virulence in field isolates of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus obtained from the northern part of Norway
Authors: Julin K , Mennen S , Sommer A‐I 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn order to study the variety of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) strains involved in outbreaks of infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) in Atlantic salmon fish farms, samples were collected from 19 different outbreaks of IPN in the northern part of Norway. The main objective of this study was to examine whether IPNV isolates of different virulence were involved in the outbreaks and could explain the variable IPN protection observed in vaccinated post‐smolts in the field. Both the molecular basis of virulence of all field isolates and virulence expressed by mortality after bath challenge of unvaccinated post‐smolts with eight of the isolates were studied. Very little variation among the field isolates was detected when the 578‐bp variable region encoding the VP2 protein known to be involved in virulence was sequenced. The cumulative mortality after experimental challenge with field isolates genetically characterized as highly virulent was always high (40–56%), while the cumulative mortality of the same strains in vaccinated post‐smolts during the field outbreaks varied from 1 to 50%. Although the tested samples came from fish vaccinated with the same vaccine product, the protection against IPN varied. These results demonstrate that differences in virulence of the isolates were not the main reason for the variation in mortality in the field outbreaks. Most of the field isolates were of high virulence, which is shown in experimental challenges to be important for mortality, but clearly other factors that might affect the susceptibility of IPN also play an important role in the outcome of an IPNV infection.
Rice domestication: histories and mysteries
Authors: GROSS BRIANA L. 
Published: September 2012

Domesticated rice (Oryza sativa) is one of the world’s most important food crops, culturally, nutritionally and economically (Khush 1997). Thus, it is no surprise that there is intense curiosity about its genetic and geographical origins, its response to selection under domestication, and the genetic structure of its wild relative, Oryza rufipogon. Studies of Oryza attempting to answer these questions have accompanied each stage of the development of molecular markers, starting with allozymes and continuing to genome sequencing. While many of these studies have been restricted to small sample sizes, in terms of either the number of markers used or the number and distribution of the accessions, costs are now low enough that researchers are including large numbers of molecular markers and accessions. How will these studies relate to previous findings and long‐held assumptions about rice domestication and evolution? If the paper in this issue of Molecular Ecology (Huang et al. 2012) is any indication, there will be some considerable surprises in store. In this study, a geographically and genomically thorough sampling of O. rufipogon and O. sativa revealed two genetically distinct groups of wild rice and also indicated that only one of these groups appears to be related to domesticated rice. While this fits well with previous studies indicating that there are genetic subdivisions within O. rufipogon, it stands in contrast to previous findings that the two major varieties of O. sativa (indica and japonica) were domesticated from two (or more) subpopulations of wild rice.
Daily associations of alcohol use with sexual behaviour and condom use during Spring Break
Authors: Patrick Megan E. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIntroduction and AimsSpring Break is associated with high levels of alcohol use and related consequences, and with risky sexual behaviour, among North American college students. However, the extent to which Spring Break drinking and sexual behaviours are related has not been well documented.Design and MethodsUndergraduate students (n = 263) were surveyed prior to and immediately after Spring Break, including retrospective reports of daily behaviour for each day of Spring Break.ResultsHierarchical linear modelling was used to predict penetrative sex and condom use. Binge drinking on a day was associated with a greater likelihood of penetrative sex and of condom use, moderated by relationship status. Binge drinking led to a greater increase in penetrative sex among single students. Single students were more likely to use condoms after drinking; those in a relationship were less likely to use condoms after drinking.Discussion and ConclusionsSingle college students are more likely to have sex after binge drinking on Spring Break, but also more likely to use condoms after drinking, compared to students in a relationship. Intervention efforts may need to acknowledge relationship status.