bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Commentary on ‘Interventions for promoting re‐integration and reducing harmful behaviour and lifestyles in street‐connected children and young people’ with a response from the review authors
Authors: Christian Rahila U. , Coren Esther , Hossain Rosa 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis is a commentary on a Cochrane review, published in the issue of EBCH, first published as: Coren E, Hossain R, Pardo Pardo J, Veras MMS, Chakraborty K, Harris H, Martin AJ. Interventions for promoting re‐integration and reducing harmful behaviour and lifestyles in street‐connected children and young people. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2013, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD009823. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009823.pub2.
Commentaries on ‘Procalcitonin to initiate or discontinue antibiotics in acute respiratory tract infections’ with a response from the review authors
Authors: Sabhaney Vikram , Enarson Paul , Irwin Adam D. , Carrol Enitan D. , Schuetz Philipp , Briel Matthias , Bucher Heiner C. , Mueller Beat ,   for the Procalcitonin‐stewardship study group
Published: July 2013

AbstractThese are commentaries on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Schuetz P, Müller B, Christ‐Crain M, Stolz D, Tamm M, Bouadma L, Luyt CE, Wolff M, Chastre J, Tubach F, Kristoffersen KB, Burkhardt O, Welte T, Schroeder S, Nobre V, Wei L, Bhatnagar N, Bucher HC, Briel M. Procalcitonin to initiate or discontinue antibiotics in acute respiratory tract infections. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2012, Issue 9. Art. No.: CD007498. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007498.pub2.
In Situ X‐ray Absorption Spectroscopy and Nonclassical Catalytic Hydrogenation with an Iron(II) Catecholate Immobilized on a Porous Organic Polymer
Authors: Kraft Steven J. , Hu Bo , Zhang Guanghui , Miller Jeffrey T. , Hock Adam S. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe oxidation state and coordination number of immobilized iron catecholate EtO2Fe(CAT‐POP) were determined by X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) under a variety of conditions. We find the as‐prepared material to be three‐coordinate Fe2+ that readily oxidizes to Fe3+ upon exposure to air but remains three‐coordinate. Both the reduced and oxidized Fe(CAT‐POP) catalyze olefin hydrogenation in batch and flow reactors. We determined the catalytic rates for both species and also observed by means of XAS that the oxidation state of the iron centers does not change in hydrogen at the reaction temperature. Therefore, we postulate that the mechanism of hydrogenation by Fe(CAT‐POP) proceeds through one of several possible nonclassical mechanisms, which are discussed.
Analysis of the Hysteretic Behaviour of 3D Spin Crossover Compounds by Using an Ising‐Like Model
Authors: Chiruta Daniel , Linares Jorge , Garcia Yann , Dahoo Pierre Richard , Dimian Mihai 
Published: July 2013

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the European spin‐crossover team led by Prof. Linares and Prof. Garcia. They share with us their passion for spin‐crossover science. The cover image shows a thermally induced two‐step spin conversion with hysteresis as reflected by the modelling of 3D spin‐crossover compound [Fe(btr)3](ClO4)2, whose crystal structure is shown in the background.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Cyclization Reactions of γ‐Alkynyl Aldehydes with Carboxylic Acid Anhydrides
Authors: Tajima Yuki , Kobayashi Masayuki , Noguchi Keiichi , Tanaka Ken 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIt has been established that a cationic rhodium(I)/H8‐binap or binap complex catalyzes two different modes of cyclization of γ‐alkynyl aldehydes with carboxylic acid anhydrides to give cyclic aldehyde gem‐dicarboxylates and cyclic alkenyl esters through cleavage of the carboxylic acid anhydride C–O bond. The reaction of a terminal γ‐alkynyl aldehyde with diethyl pyrocarbonate afforded a cyclic allylic carbonate with a high ee value.
Efficiency of the Free‐Radical Hydrophosphonylation of Alkenes: The Photoinduced Reaction of Dimethyl H‐Phosphonate with Enopyranoses as an Exemplary Case
Authors: Dondoni Alessandro , Staderini Samuele , Marra Alberto 
Published: July 2013

AbstractFree‐radical hydrophosphonylation of alkenes by H‐phosphonates has been reported by other groups to occur under harsh conditions. On the other hand, we demonstrate in this paper that the hydrophosphonylation of alkene functionalized carbohydrates (enopyranoses) by dimethyl H‐phosphonate can be carried out with high efficiency under neutral conditions at room temperature and with short reaction times using UV/Vis light irradiation in the presence of a suitable photoinitiator. Indeed, a range of structurally different allyl C‐glycosides and exo‐glycals were transformed into the corresponding glycosylalkyl phosphonates that were isolated in excellent yields (88–98 %), except for one case (45 %). A mechanism similar to that of the free‐radical photoinduced hydrothiolation of alkenes is proposed.
How accurate are physical property estimation programs for organosilicon compounds?
Authors: Boethling Robert , Meylan William 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Organosilicon compounds are important in chemistry and commerce, and nearly 10% of new chemical substances for which premanufacture notifications are processed by the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) contain silicon (Si). Yet, remarkably few measured values are submitted for key physical properties, and the accuracy of estimation programs such as the Estimation Programs Interface (EPI) Suite and the SPARC Performs Automated Reasoning in Chemistry (SPARC) system is largely unknown. To address this issue, the authors developed an extensive database of measured property values for organic compounds containing Si and evaluated the performance of no-cost estimation programs for several properties of importance in environmental assessment. These included melting point (mp), boiling point (bp), vapor pressure (vp), water solubility, n-octanol/water partition coefficient (log KOW), and Henry's law constant. For bp and the larger of 2 vp datasets, SPARC, MPBPWIN, and the USEPA's Toxicity Estimation Software Tool (TEST) had similar accuracy. For log KOW and water solubility, the authors tested 11 and 6 no-cost estimators, respectively. The best performers were Molinspiration and WSKOWWIN, respectively. The TEST's consensus mp method outperformed that of MPBPWIN by a considerable margin. Generally, the best programs estimated the listed properties of diverse organosilicon compounds with accuracy sufficient for chemical screening. The results also highlight areas where improvement is most needed. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:2433–2440. © 2013 SETAC
Analyzing comprehensive palatability of cheese products by multivariate regression to its subdomains
Authors: Nakano Kumiko , Kyutoku Yasushi , Sawa Minako , Matsumura Shigenobu , Dan Ippeita , Fushiki Tohru 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe present study explored the possibility of generating a novel sensory evaluation instrument for describing comprehensive food palatability via its subdomains (rewarding, cultural, and informational) while keeping physiological factors constant. Seventy‐five Japanese participants were asked to taste cheese samples and to respond to a questionnaire that was developed to dissect the distinct subdomains of palatability. The subsequent factor analyses revealed that three major factors may serve as distinct subdomains of palatability: rewarding, cultural, and informational, although the informational factor was not sufficiently robust. Multivariate regression analysis on cheese samples with exactly the same ingredients but sold in different packages led to different comprehensive palatability ratings due to the contribution of the cultural, but not the rewarding, factor. These results suggest that palatability is not merely determined by the physical and chemical properties that are intrinsic to a food product itself, but also depends on psychological properties that can arise through interaction between humans and the food product. The current study presents the first experimental demonstration that palatability could be dissociated to its subdomains.
Effect of gamma irradiation on physicochemical properties of stored pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) flour
Authors: Bamidele Oluwaseun P. , Akanbi Charles T. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe effect of gamma irradiation at various doses (5, 10, 15, 20 kGy) was observed on pigeon pea flour stored for 3 months on proximate composition, functional properties, and peroxide value. Sensory evaluation was also carried out on bean cake (moinmoin) made from nonirradiated and irradiated pigeon pea flour. The results showed that stored gamma‐irradiated samples had significantly lower (P < 0.05) value of protein and little or no effect on moisture content. There were slight decreases in crude fiber and ash content of the irradiated samples compared with the control sample. The result of functional properties of the irradiated flours showed slight increase in water absorption capacity, swelling capacity and bulk density. The peroxide value of crude oil increased significantly with dose increases for the period of storage. The sensory evaluation of moinmoin samples prepared from irradiated pigeon pea flour showed no significant difference from the moinmoin sample prepared from nonirradiated flour. It can be concluded that gamma irradiation can extend the shelf life of pigeon pea flour.
Two distinct roles of Atlantic SSTs in ENSO variability: North Tropical Atlantic SST and Atlantic Niño
Authors: Ham Yoo‐Geun , Kug Jong‐Seong , Park Jong‐Yeon 
Published: July 2013

AbstractTwo distinct roles of the Atlantic sea surface temperatures (SSTs), namely, the North Tropical Atlantic (NTA) SST and the Atlantic Niño, on the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability are investigated using the observational data from 1980 to 2010 and coupled model experiments. It appears that the NTA SST and the Atlantic Niño can be used as two independent predictors for predicting the development of ENSO events in the following season. Furthermore, they are likely to be linked to different types of El Niño events. Specifically, the NTA SST cooling during February, March, and April contributes to the central Pacific warming at the subsequent winter season, while the negative Atlantic Niño event during June, July, and August contributes to enhancing the eastern Pacific warming. The coupled model experiments support these results. With the aid of a lagged inverse relationship, the statistical forecast using two Atlantic indices can successfully predict various ENSO indices.
Ultrasound‐guided intranodal lymphangiography followed by thoracic duct embolization for treatment of postoperative bilateral chylothorax
Authors: Parvinian Ahmad , Mohan Girish C. , Gaba Ron C. , Saldanha David F. , Knuttinen M. Grace , Bui James T. , Minocha Jeet 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundPercutaneous thoracic duct embolization (TDE) is a safe, effective, and minimally invasive option for treating chylothorax. A recent report demonstrated the feasibility of ultrasound‐guided intranodal lymphangiography as an alternative to pedal lymphangiography for visualization of the thoracic duct, promising relative technical ease and decreased procedure time for TDE.MethodsWe report a case of postoperative bilateral chylothorax treated with ultrasound‐guided intranodal lymphangiography followed by TDE.ResultsIntranodal lymphangiography resulted in rapid opacification of the abdominal lymphatics, permitting technically successful primary and secondary embolization procedures. Deployment of metallic coils and liquid embolic agents within the thoracic duct produced rapid clinical and radiographic improvement.ConclusionIntranodal lymphangiography is a reliable, reproducible, and less technically challenging alternative to pedal lymphangiography. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: E21–E24, 2014
Toxicities and costs of placing prophylactic and reactive percutaneous gastrostomy tubes in patients with locally advanced head and neck cancers treated with chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Baschnagel Andrew M. , Yadav Siddhartha , Marina Ovidiu , Parzuchowski Aaron , Lanni Thomas B. , Warner Jillian N. , Parzuchowski Jeanne S. , Ignatius Renjitha T. , Akervall Jan , Chen Peter Y. , Krauss Daniel J. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTBackgroundWe compared dependence rates, complications, toxicities, and costs associated with prophylactic versus reactive percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube placement.MethodsOne hundred ninety‐three patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsThe 1‐year and 2‐year actuarial PEG tube dependence rate of the entire cohort was 24% and 13%, respectively. There was no difference in the PEG tube dependence rates between those placed prophylactically versus reactively. Patients who received a PEG tube reactively had a significantly higher stricture rate (p = .03) and aspiration rate (p < .001) compared to the prophylactic group. There were significantly fewer hospitalizations in the prophylactic group compared to the reactive group (p = .003). When accounting for both PEG placement and hospitalizations, the prophylactic approach was found to be more cost effective.ConclusionPEG tubes placed prophylactically were associated with lower rates of strictures, aspirations, hospitalizations, and costs compared to those placed reactively. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 1155–1161, 2014
An Expeditious Synthesis of Flavonols Promoted by Montmorillonite KSF Clay and Assisted by Microwave Irradiation under Solvent‐Free Conditions
Authors: Babu Mariappan , Pitchumani Kasi , Ramesh Penugonda 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA simple, efficient, rapid, and ecofriendly synthesis of flavonols in >90% yield from 2′‐(mesyloxy)epoxychalcones (=2‐(3‐aryl‐2,3‐epoxypropanoyl)phenyl methanesulfonates) promoted by montmorillonite KSF clay and assisted by microwave irradiation has been described.
Petrorhagiosides A – D, New γ‐Pyrone Derivatives from Petrorhagia saxifragaLink
Authors: D'Abrosca Brigida , Pacifico Severina , Scognamiglio Monica , Tsafantakis Nikolaos , Pagliari Emanuela , Monaco Pietro , Fiorentino Antonio 
Published: July 2013

AbstractFour novel γ‐pyrone (=4H‐pyran‐4‐one) metabolites, petrorhagiosides A–D, along with four known analogs, have been isolated from the MeOH extract of Petrorhagia saxifraga, a perennial herbaceous plant typical of Mediterranean vegetation. The structures of the new compounds were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses including 1D‐ an 2D‐NMR (1H,1H‐DQ‐COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, CIGAR‐HMBC, and HSQC‐TOCSY) experiments.
Nucleophilic Reactivity of Ethers Against Terminal Epoxides in the Presence of BF3: A Mechanistic Study
Authors: Kose Aytekin , Altundas Ramazan , Seçen Hasan , Kara Yunus 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIn the presence of BF3, a series of symmetrical and unsymmetrical ethers reacted with epichlorohydrin and 2‐[(benzyloxy)methyl]oxirane, two terminal epoxides, to afford 1‐alkoxy‐3‐chloropropan‐2‐ol and 1‐alkoxy‐3‐(benzyloxy)propan‐2‐ol. The cleavage of unsymmetrical ethers occurred via an SN2 or SN1 mechanism. Secondary epoxides did not give similar ring‐opening products.
Organic Stereochemistry. Part 7
Authors: Testa Bernard 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis review continues a general presentation of the principles of stereochemistry with special emphasis on the biomedicinal sciences. Here, we discuss and illustrate the phenomenon of substrate stereoselectivity in biochemistry (endogenous metabolism) and principally in xenobiochemistry or drug metabolism. The review begins with an overview of the stereoselective processes occurring in the biomedicinal sciences. The general rule is for distinct stereoisomers, be they enantiomers or diastereoisomers, to elicit different pharmacological responses (Part 5), to a lesser extent be transported with different efficacies (Part 5), and to be metabolized at different rates (this Part). In other words, biological environments discriminate between stereoisomers both when acting on them and when being acted upon by them. The concept of substrate stereoselectivity describes this phenomenon in endogenous biochemistry and xenobiotic metabolism, as discussed and illustrated in the present Part. The sister concept of product stereoselectivity will be presented in Part 8.
Chlojaponilactones B – E, Four New Lindenane Sesquiterpenoid Lactones from Chloranthus japonicus
Authors: Yan Huan , Li Xu‐Hong , Zheng Xue‐Fang , Sun Chang‐Li , Liu Hai‐Yang 
Published: July 2013

AbstractReinvestigation of the AcOEt‐soluble part of the EtOH extract of whole plants of Chloranthus japonicus afforded four new lindenane‐type sesquiterpenoid lactones, chlojaponilactones B–E (1–4, resp.), together with nine known sesquiterpenoids. Their structures and relative configurations were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic data and by comparison with the relevant literature.
Psychosocial and lifestyle correlates of musculoskeletal pain patterns in adolescence: A 2‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Jussila L. , Paananen M. , Näyhä S. , Taimela S. , Tammelin T. , Auvinen J. , Karppinen J. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of musculoskeletal (MS) pain has been increasing among adolescents in the last decades. This may be related to either adverse changes in lifestyle and/or the psychosocial environment. Our study analysed the psychosocial and lifestyle correlates of musculoskeletal pain progression in adolescence.MethodsThe study was based on the 1986 Northern Finland Birth Cohort and included 1773 adolescents at the ages of 16 to 18. Latent class analysis was applied to find the homogeneous profiles of MS pains in four body areas (neck, shoulder, low back and limb). We analysed the associations between time spent in sedentary activities and sleeping, physical activity level, body mass index, alcohol consumption, smoking, and emotional and behavioural factors at 16 years, and belonging to pain clusters at 16 and 18 years.ResultsWe found an association between a higher probability of MS pains between 16 and 18 years and increasing emotional and behavioural problems in both genders. Among boys, a high likelihood of MS pains during follow‐up was also associated with a long time spent sitting and insufficient sleeping time. Among girls, alcohol consumption associated with high pain probability. MS pains already co‐occur to a large extent in their early course.ConclusionsThe strong overlap of emotional and behavioural problems and MS pains in adolescence requires awareness in both research and clinical work.
Evaluation of In‐House Loop‐Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) Assay for Rapid Diagnosis of M. tuberculosis in Pulmonary Specimens
Authors: Sethi Sunil Kumar , Singh Sumeet , Dhatwalia Sunil Kumar , Yadav Rakesh , Mewara Abhishek , Singh Malkit , Tewari Rupinder , Sharma Meera 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundLoop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay has come forward as a rapid, cost‐effective molecular technique for diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) in developing countries. This study evaluated Mycobacterium tuberculosis–specific in‐house LAMP assay targeting 16s rRNA and compared it with other conventional tests and nucleic acid amplification assay (IS6110 PCR).MethodsA total of 133 sputum specimens (103 from suspected pulmonary TB cases and 30 from non‐TB controls) were subjected to conventional tests, IS6110 PCR and 16s rRNA LAMP assay.ResultsOf the 103 patients, the maximum number of cases were found to be positive by LAMP assay, that is, in 87 (84.5%) patients, followed by culture positive in 78 (75.7%), IS6110 PCR in 74 (71.8%), and smear positive in 70 (67.9%) patients. Of the 83 smear positive and/or culture positive cases, LAMP detected 77 (92.77%) cases, and was found to be superior to IS6110 PCR, which could detect 69 (83.1%) cases; a concordance of 0.6 was obtained between the two tests using kappa statistics.ConclusionOverall, LAMP was simple and efficacious for early diagnosis of smear positive, culture positive cases as well as for confirmation of smear negative, culture negative cases, and was found to be superior to IS6110 PCR.
Brief Communication: Comparison the Diagnostic Performance of Four HBsAg ELISA Kits
Authors: Wan‐zhou Xu , Yan Li , Qing Wu , Ming Wang , Ze‐gang Wu 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundComparison of diagnostic efficiency of four ELISA kits for determining HBsAg.MethodsCollecting 348 serum samples from clinical laboratory of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University without specific gender and age requirements, determining HBsAg by the four ELISA kits, simultaneously. Confirmatory test was carried out when the initial results are positive.Results329 out of 348 samples results were consistent (94.5%), 152 out of 329 were positive, and 177 out of 329 were negative, and all the positive results can be confirmed; 19 samples were not consistent (5.5%), and only 1 sample was confirmed by the confirmatory test. After calculation, the diagnostic efficiencies of the four ELISA kits (Beijing Wantai, Xiamen Xinchuang, Zhuhai Lizhu, and Shanghai Kehua) were 98.6%, 98.0%, 99.7%, and 97.4%, respectively, the sensitivities were 100%, 99.4%, 99.4%, and 100%, respectively, the specificities were 97.5%, 96.9%, 100%, and 95.4%, respectively, the false positive rates were 2.5%, 3.1%, 0, and 4.6%, respectively, and the false negative rates were 0, 0.6%, 0.6%, and 0, respectively. All the initial absorbencies of the false positive samples were less than 1.0.ConclusionThe diagnostic efficiency of Lizhu is the highest, while Kehua is the lowest. False positive or false negative results would take place in any of the kits, an HBsAg confirmatory test is essential for initially positive samples, especially with absorbance <1.0, because it can exclude most false positives.
A New Blood Collection Device Minimizes Cellular DNA Release During Sample Storage and Shipping When Compared to a Standard Device
Authors: Norton Sheila E. , Luna Kristin K. , Lechner Joel M. , Qin Jianbing , Fernando M. Rohan 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundCell‐free DNA (cfDNA) circulating in blood is currently used for noninvasive diagnostic and prognostic tests. Minimizing background DNA is vital for detection of low abundance cfDNA. We investigated whether a new blood collection device could reduce background levels of genomic DNA (gDNA) in plasma compared to K3EDTA tubes, when subjected to conditions that may occur during sample storage and shipping.MethodsBlood samples were drawn from healthy donors into K3EDTA and Cell‐Free DNA™ BCT (BCT). To simulate shipping, samples were shaken or left unshaken. In a shipping study, samples were shipped or not shipped. To assess temperature variations, samples were incubated at 6°C, 22°C, and 37°C. In all cases, plasma was harvested by centrifugation and total plasma DNA (pDNA) assayed by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).ResultsShaking and shipping blood in K3EDTA tubes showed significant increases in pDNA, whereas no change was seen in BCTs. Blood in K3EDTA tubes incubated at 6°C, 22°C, and 37°C showed increases in pDNA while pDNA from BCTs remained stable.ConclusionsBCTs prevent increases in gDNA levels that can occur during sample storage and shipping. This new device permits low abundance DNA target detection and allows accurate cfDNA concentrations.