bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of GIRK channels on the noradrenergic transmission in vivo: an electrophysiological and neurochemical study on GIRK2 mutant mice
Authors: Torrecilla María , Fernández-Aedo Irrintzi , Arrue Aurora , Zumarraga Mercedes , Ugedo Luisa 
Published: October 2012

AbstractDysfunctional noradrenergic transmission is related to several neuropsychiatric conditions, such as depression. Nowadays, the role of G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK)2 subunit containing GIRK channels controlling neuronal intrinsic excitability in vitro is well known. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of GIRK2 subunit mutation on the central noradrenergic transmission in vivo. For that purpose, single-unit extracellular activity of locus coeruleus (LC) noradrenergic neurons and brain monoamine levels using the HPLC technique were measured in wild-type and GIRK2 mutant mice. Girk2 gene mutation induced significant differences among genotypes regarding burst activity of LC neurons. In fact, the proportion of neurons displaying burst firing was increased in GIRK2 heterozygous mice as compared to that recorded from wild-type mice. Furthermore, this augmentation was even greater in the homozygous genotype. However, neither the basal firing rate nor the coefficient of variation of LC neurons was different among genotypes. Noradrenaline and serotonin basal levels were altered in the dorsal raphe nucleus from GIRK2 heterozygous and homozygous mice, respectively. Furthermore, noradrenaline levels were increased in LC projecting areas such as the hippocampus and amygdale from homozygous mice, although not in the prefrontal cortex. Finally, potency of clonidine and morphine inhibiting LC activity was reduced in GIRK2 mutant mice, although the efficacy remained unchanged. Altogether, the present study supports the role of GIRK2 subunit-containing GIRK channels on the maintenance of tonic noradrenergic activity in vivo. Electric and neurochemical consequences derived from an altered GIRK2-dependent signalling could facilitate the understanding of the neurobiological basis of pathologies related to a dysfunctional monoaminergic transmission.
Oncologists' perspectives on concurrent palliative care in a National Cancer Institute-designated comprehensive cancer center
Authors: Bakitas Marie , Lyons Kathleen Doyle , Hegel Mark T. , Ahles Tim 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjective:The purpose of this study was to understand oncology clinicians' perspectives about the care of advanced cancer patients following the completion of the ENABLE II (Educate, Nurture, Advise, Before Life Ends) randomized clinical trial (RCT) of a concurrent oncology palliative care model.Method:This was a qualitative interview study of 35 oncology clinicians about their approach to patients with advanced cancer and the effect of the ENABLE II RCT.Results:Oncologists believed that integrating palliative care at the time of an advanced cancer diagnosis enhanced patient care and complemented their practice. Self-assessment of their practice with advanced cancer patients comprised four themes: (1) treating the whole patient, (2) focusing on quality versus quantity of life, (3) “some patients just want to fight,” and (4) helping with transitions; timing is everything. Five themes comprised oncologists' views on the complementary role of palliative care: (1) “refer early and often,” (2) referral challenges: “Palliative” equals “hospice”; “Heme patients are different,” (3) palliative care as consultants or co-managers, (4) palliative care “shares the load,” and (5) ENABLE II facilitated palliative care integration.Significance of results:Oncologists described the RCT as holistic and complementary, and as a significant factor in adopting concurrent care as a standard of care.
Identification of the biogenic compounds responsible for size‐dependent nanoparticle growth
Authors: Winkler Paul M. , Ortega John , Karl Thomas , Cappellin Luca , Friedli Hans R. , Barsanti Kelley , McMurry Peter H. , Smith James N. 
Published: October 2012

The probability that freshly nucleated nanoparticles can survive to become cloud condensation nuclei is highly sensitive to particle growth rates. Much of the growth of newly formed ambient nanoparticles can be attributed to oxidized organic vapors originating from biogenic precursor gases. In this study we investigated the chemical composition of size‐selected biogenic nanoparticles in the size range from 10 to 40 nm. Particles were formed in a flow tube reactor by ozonolysis ofα‐pinene and analyzed with a Thermal Desorption Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer. While we found similar composition in 10 and 20 nm particles, the relative amounts of individual species varied significantly when compared to 40 nm particles. Smaller particles (10 and 20 nm) were characterized by enhancements in carboxylic acids and larger particles (40 nm) showed higher concentrations of carbonyl‐containing compounds and low molecular weight organic acids. This composition change from smaller to larger size particles reflects a vapor pressure increase of the condensing vapors by 1–2 orders of magnitude indicating that the Kelvin effect plays a decisive role in the growth of biogenic nanoparticles.
Early mid‐Holocene SST variability and surface‐ocean water balance in the southwest Pacific
Authors: Duprey N. , Lazareth C. E. , Corrège T. , Le Cornec F. , Maes C. , Pujol N. , Madeng‐Yogo M. , Caquineau S. , Soares Derome C. , Cabioch G. 
Published: October 2012

We present early mid‐Holocene records of Sr/Ca,δ18O and δ18Osw from marine archives collected in Vanuatu: two Porites sp. corals (6.7–6.5 ka BP) and a Tridacna maxima giant clam (6.2–6.0 ka BP). Sr/Ca, δ18O, and δ18Osw were used as proxies for sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface salinity (SSS). The fossil geochemical records were compared to modern Porites sp. and T. maxima records. Reconstructed mean SSTs from the two fossil Porites sp.and from the modern coral are similar, implying that the Western Pacific Warm Pool (WPWP)' southern edge had reached its modern location by 6.7–6.5 ka BP. The post‐glacial SST rise in the Southwest Pacific was thus completed by the early mid‐Holocene. The two early mid‐Holocene corals and the giant clam recorded saltier conditions than modern related to 1) a decoupling between the precipitation regime and the SPCZ due to a northerly position of this climatic feature and 2) an increase of the moisture transport to the extra‐tropics, driven by a strengthened or extended Hadley cell. The longestδ18O coral profile displays an El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) signal reduced by 20–30% compared to the period 1928–1992, in concordance with the reduced ENSO variability observed in the Pacific area during the first half of the Holocene. However, the decoupling between the SPCZ and the precipitation regime may have also contributed to the weak ENSO signal recorded in the early mid‐Holocene coralδ18O profile.
New constraints on the origin of the Sierra Madre de Chiapas (south Mexico) from sediment provenance and apatite thermochronometry
Authors: Witt C. , Brichau S. , Carter A. 
Published: October 2012

The timing and source of deformation responsible for formation of the Sierra Madre de Chiapas (south Mexico) are unclear. To address this, apatite fission track and U‐Th‐He thermochronometry, combined with zircon U‐Pb dating, were performed on bedrock and sedimentary samples of the Sierra Madre de Chiapas to discern timing of exhumation and identify sediment source areas. The U‐Pb results show that Paleocene–Eocene terrigenous units outcropping at the northern section of the Sierra were mostly derived from Grenville (∼1 Ga) basement whereas the internal sections of the chain yield mainly Permian to Triassic ages (circa 270–230 Ma) typical of the Chiapas massif complex. Grenville‐sourced sediments are most probably sourced by the Oaxacan block or the Guichicovi complex and were deposited to the north of the Sierra in a foreland setting related to a Laramide deformation front. Other possibly source areas may be related to metasedimentary units widely documented at the south Maya block such as the Baldi unit. The apatite fission track and U‐Th‐He data combined with previously published results record three main stages in exhumation history: (1) slow exhumation between 35 and 25 Ma affecting mainly the Chiapas massif complex; (2) fast exhumation between 16 and 9 Ma related to the onset of major strike‐slip deformation affecting both the Chiapas massif complex and Chiapas fold‐and‐thrust belt; and (3) a 6 to 5 Ma period of rapid cooling that affected the Chiapas fold‐and‐thrust belt, coincident with the landward migration of the Caribbean–North America plate boundaries. These data suggest that most of the topographic growth of the Sierra Madre de Chiapas took place in the middle to late Miocene. The new thermochronological evidence combined with stratigraphic and kinematic information suggests that the left‐lateral strike‐slip faults bounding the Chiapas fold‐and‐thrust belt to the west may have accommodated most of the displacement between the North American and Caribbean plates during the last 6–5 Ma.
Mesenchymal stem cells restore CCl4‐induced liver injury by an antioxidative process
Authors: Cho Kyung‐Ah , Woo So‐Youn , Seoh Ju‐Young , Han Ho‐Seong , Ryu Kyung‐Ha 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWe have investigated BM (bone marrow)‐derived MSCs (mesenchymal stem cells) for the treatment of liver injury. It was hypothesized that MSC‐mediated resolution of liver injury could occur through an antioxidative process. After being injected with CCl4 (carbon tetrachloride), mice were injected with syngenic BM‐derived MSCs or normal saline. Oxidative stress activity of the MSCs was determined by the analysis of ROS (reactive oxygen species) and SOD (superoxide dismutase) activity. In addition, cytoprotective genes of the liver tissue were assessed by real‐time PCR and ARE (antioxidant‐response element) reporter assay. Up‐regulated ROS of CCl4‐treated liver cells was attenuated by co‐culturing with MSCs. Suppression of SOD by adding an SOD inhibitor decreased the effect of MSCs on injured liver cells. MSCs significantly increased SOD activity and inhibited ROS production in the injured liver. The gene expression levels of Hmox‐1 (haem oxygenase‐1), BI‐1 (Bax inhibitor‐1), HGF (hepatocyte growth factor), GST (glutathione transferase) and Nrf2 (nuclear factor‐erythoid 2 p45 subunit‐related factor 20), attenuated by CCl4, were increased up to basal levels after MSC transplantation. In addition, MSCs induced an ARE, shown by luciferase activity, which represented a cytoprotective response in the injured liver. Evidence of a new cytoprotective effect is shown in which MSCs promote an antioxidant response and supports the potential of using MSC transplantation as an effective treatment modality for liver disease.
Short‐Term Effects of Formalin and Ethanol Fixation and Preservation Techniques on Weight and Size of Fish Eggs
Authors: Frimpong E. A. , Henebry M. L. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPreservative‐induced changes in the weight and size of fish eggs distort information in studies of fecundity and egg production, but the nature of changes that occur during short‐term preservation is not well understood. To determine the nature of these effects and to provide a basis for correcting for such changes after sample processing, we examined the short‐term effects of 10% formalin and 70% ethanol on eggs from gravid female white suckers Catostomus commersonii and fantail darters Etheostoma flabellare collected in two tributaries of the New River, Virginia. A sequential treatment with formalin and then ethanol was also tested to simulate effects expected in a typical fixation and preservation schedule when eggs are fixed and preserved within the fish. Formalin resulted in a significant gain (36%) in egg dry weight during the first 12 h of treatment. Ethanol had no detectable effect on egg dry weight after 9 d of fixation and preservation. Eggs that were fixed in formalin and then preserved in ethanol showed dry weights that were equivalent to those of eggs that were fixed and preserved only in ethanol, implying a reversal of the effect of formalin. We hypothesize that the action of ethanol on egg proteins unbinds the formaldehyde, with the effect of reversing formalin‐induced weight gain in eggs that have been fixed with formalin. Reductions in egg diameter were similar (∼17% after drying) between ethanol and formalin treatments, but there was an additional 5.4% shrinkage when eggs were fixed in formalin and then preserved in ethanol. In comparison with changes in egg diameter, changes in egg weight had a wider range among treatments and less variability within treatments. The experimental results indicate that egg weight is a more reliable indicator of preservation‐induced changes and a more consistent characteristic than egg diameter for comparing egg production among fishes.
Age, Growth, Survival, and Maturity of Lake Trout Morphotypes in Lake Mistassini, Quebec
Authors: Hansen Michael J. , Nate Nancy A. , Krueger Charles C. , Zimmerman Mara S. , Kruckman Hanna G. , Taylor William W. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractLife history characteristics (age, growth, survival, and maturity) were compared between the deepwater “humper” and shallow‐water “lean” forms of lake troutSalvelinus namaycushin Lake Mistassini, Quebec, to determine whether the two morphotypes may represent resource polymorphism. Lake trout were sampled using graded‐mesh (range = 51–114 mm stretch) gill nets set in deep and shallow waters. Humpers were typically caught in deep waters (>50 m) and averaged 474 mm TL (range = 389–616 mm) and 852 g in weight (range = 470–1,710 g), whereas leans were typically caught in shallow waters (<50 m) and averaged 525 mm TL (range = 301–865 mm) and 1,210 g in weight (range = 200–6,500 g). Humpers and leans did not differ in weight–length relationships and grew slimmer with length over a common TL range (389–616 mm). Average age of humpers was 27 years (range = 13–49 years); average age of leans was 21 years (range = 6–42 years). The two forms did not differ in total annual mortality (A) of fish older than 17 years, the first age beyond which numbers declined with age for both morphs (A= 5.1%; 95% confidence interval = 2.4–7.8%). Humpers grew slower (annual growth rateω= 53 mm/year) than leans (ω= 68 mm/year) and to a shorter mean asymptotic length (L∞= 514 mm) than leans (L∞= 605 mm). Mature humpers (mean TL = 475 mm, SE = 9.0;N= 58) were shorter on average than mature leans (mean TL = 539 mm, SE = 8.5;N= 65); mature humpers (mean age = 27 years, SE = 1.0;N= 56) were also older on average than mature leans (mean age = 23 years, SE = 0.98;N= 61). We conclude that lean and humper forms of lake trout in Lake Mistassini differed in age, growth, and maturity; this is consistent with the resource polymorphism that has been observed for other lake trout populations and other char species.
A Comparison of Early Development between a Domesticated Stock of Coho Salmon and Its Parental Stock
Authors: Neely Kathleen G. , Myers James M. , Hard Jeffrey J. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWe compared the rate of early development and yolk conversion efficiency in a domesticated stock of coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch that had been selected for improved growth to pan size (350 g) over 18 generations with that of its hatchery‐origin unselected parental stock. Fish from both the domesticated stock and the parental stock were spawned and incubated under similar conditions. The domesticated fish produced significantly smaller eggs, reached blastopore closure sooner, and utilized their yolk store more efficiently than the parental stock. Because we were concerned that egg size may have confounded the results of the blastopore closure portion of the experiment, we repeated the experiment using eggs of sizes different from those of the domesticated stock. We determined that the rate of early embryonic development to blastopore closure was strongly influenced by egg size, an influence that probably confounded our stock comparison. In contrast, comparisons of later embryonic growth rates show a clear distinction between the domesticated stock and parental stock, the domesticated stock exhibiting a growth rate significantly faster than that of parental stock for exogenous feeding.
Effects of Garlic and Ginger Oils on Hematological and Biochemical Variables of Sea Bass Dicentrarchus labrax
Authors: Yılmaz Sevdan , Ergün Sebahattin 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of garlic and ginger oils on hematological and biochemical health characteristics of sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax. Fish were exposed to garlic oil (0.01 or 0.02 mL/L), ginger oil (0.01 or 0.02 mL/L), or a combination of the two oils (each oil at a concentration of 0.005 or 0.01 mL/L) for 96 h via bath immersion. Results showed that the red blood cell count, hematocrit (%), hemoglobin (Hb) concentration (g/dL), mean corpuscular volume (μm3), mean corpuscular Hb (pg), and mean corpuscular Hb concentration (%) were not significantly affected by herb oil exposure. However, some changes in biochemical variables were observed. Sea bass exposed to the 0.005-mL/L garlic oil–ginger oil mixture exhibited a significant increase in serum glucose. Serum total protein and albumin levels decreased in sea bass that were exposed to a garlic oil–ginger oil mixture (0.005 or 0.01 mL/L) or to garlic oil at 0.02 mL/L. Serum globulin levels decreased and triglyceride levels increased in sea bass exposed to 0.02-mL/L garlic oil or to the 0.01-mL/L mixture. The serum lipase level decreased and the cholesterol level increased in fish that were exposed to 0.02-mL/L garlic oil. In summary, ginger oil at 0.01–0.02 mL/L can be used without negative effects, while the garlic oil or garlic oil–ginger oil mixture should be applied at a concentration below 0.005 mL/L for bath immersion of sea bass. This is the first study to examine how garlic oil and ginger oil exposure via bath immersion affects the hematological and biochemical status of sea bass.
Received March 19, 2012; accepted July 2, 2012
EUROSCEPTICISM AND NEIGHBOURHOOD PEACE
Authors: McMahon Richard 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACT
This article argues that the exceptionally complex spatial organisation of integration is shaped by spatial patterns of socio-cultural difference and similarity which emerge over the course of history. I outline two interacting socio-cultural factors that help shape the spatial patterns of integration: the international relations culture of demilitarised relations between neighbouring countries and northern Euroscepticism. I show that these have different historically evolving spatial patterns, which affect how specific regions and countries engage with integration. I propose that Europe's spatially differentiated integration and weak collective identity are increasingly bringing this connection between culture, geography and politics to prominence. This is rarely noticed however, because the centrality of collective identity in defining the geography of nations has made it the main focus of academic study and political speculation. My approach makes Europe's historical geography an ‘actor’ in the spatial patterning of integration. However the complexity of interacting historical factors and continuous historical change differentiate this approach from essentialist and deterministic theories of historical continuities in the EU's geography.
Thermistor behaviour and electric conduction analysis of Ni-doped niobate ferroelectric: the role of multiple β parameters
Authors: Lanfredi Silvania , Palacio Gustavo , Bellucci Felipe S , Colin Claire V , Nobre Marcos A L 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA new engineered non-stoichiometric niobate ceramic with a tetragonal tungsten bronze (TTB)-type structure is prepared by non-isovalent substitution at the niobium backbone. The compound's formula is KSr2(Ni0.75Nb4.25)O15−δ, with space group equal toP4bm(#100), a polar group. Electrical properties of this new ferroelectric-semiconductor ceramic are investigated by impedance spectroscopy in the temperature range from 453 up to 953 K. The curve of the resistance as a function of temperature presents further characteristics of a temperature sensor with a negative temperature coefficient (NTC). At high temperatures, the analysis of electrical parameters shows an NTC behaviour ceramic with three distinct thermistor characteristic parameters,β. The values of theβparameter change from 9.82 × 103to 1.29 × 104 K, while the temperature coefficient of resistanceαchanges from −0.047 to −0.023 K−1. The NTC behaviour of KSr2(Ni0.75Nb4.25)O15−δis compared with the behaviour of some dielectric and other ferroelectric semiconductors.βdependence with dc or the ac conductivity mechanism and its correlation withβquality are discussed.
Occurrence and Distribution of Iris yellow spot virus on Onion in Mauritius
Authors: Lobin K. , Pappu H. R. , Benimadhu S. P. 
Published: October 2012

Iris yellow spot virus (IYSV), a damaging viral pathogen of onion, was reported for the first time on onion in Mauritius in 2008. A survey was undertaken from 2008 to 2010 to determine the status of the virus in the major onion-growing localities. The disease was found to be prevalent in the east, southeast, south and west of the island in bulb and seed production stands. The high incidence of IYSV in onion fields in Mauritius shows the need for developing integrated management strategies to reduce its negative impact. Accepted for publication 26 July 2012. Published 26 August 2012.
Pythium Root Rot of Flue-Cured Tobacco Seedlings Produced in Greenhouses: Factors Associated with its Occurrence and Chemical Control
Authors: Gutiérrez Walter , Melton Tom , Mila Asimina 
Published: October 2012

Pythium root rot is an economically important disease of tobacco seedlings produced in greenhouses. In a survey conducted in 1998 and 1999, fivePythium species were found to cause Pythium root rot symptoms in tobacco seedlings. In pathogenicity studies the most aggressive species were Pythium volutum and P. myriotylum, although these were not the most frequently isolated species. We conducted studies with potting media from different commercial sources. Media were not found to be a source of primary inoculum for the disease in those studies. Infested trays had the potential to carry inoculum from one season to the next. The fungicides etridiazole, mefenoxam, and azoxystrobin along with acibenzolar-S-methyl and Joy detergent were evaluated for controlling Pythium root rot. Etridiazole and azoxystrobin applied to the float water provided the best control. Accepted for publication 20 July 2012. Published 25 September 2012.
Primer design for identifying economically important Liriomyza species (Diptera: Agromyzidae) by multiplex PCR
Authors: Nakamura Shigeo , Masuda Toshio , Mochizuki Atsushi , Konishi Kazuhiko , Tokumaru Susumu , Ueno Keiichiro , Yamaguchi Takuhiro 
Published: October 2012

AbstractLeafminer flies, especially, Liriomyza huidobrensis, Liriomyza sativae and Liriomyza trifolii, are quarantine species in many countries. Their morphological similarity makes identification difficult. To develop a rapid, reliable, sensitive and simple molecular identification method using multiplex PCR, we newly sequenced the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) genes of Liriomyza bryoniae, Liriomyza chinensis, L. huidobrensis, L. sativae, L. trifolii, Chromatomyia horticola and four parasitoid species. We aligned them with all the COI sequences of the leafminer flies found in the international DNA nucleotide sequence databases (DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank). We then designed species‐specific primers to allow us to differentiate between L. bryoniae, L. chinensis, L. huidobrensis, L. sativae, and L. trifolii.