bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic burden of time lost due to injury in NHL hockey players
Authors: Donaldson Laura , Li Bing , Cusimano Michael D 
Published: January 2014

ObjectiveTo determine the economic burden of salary costs lost due to injury in the National Hockey League (NHL).MethodsAll NHL players who engaged in at least one regular season game during the 2009–2010 to 2011–2012 seasons comprised the study population. We performed a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of publically available media sources to collect injury and salary data. Outcome measurements were games missed during regular season play due to hockey-related injury and lost salary.ResultsA total of 50.9% of all NHL players missed at least one game within a season of play, and injuries represented a total salary cost of approximately US$218 million per year. Concussions alone amounted to a salary loss of US$42.8 million a year. Head/neck injuries and leg/foot injuries were the most expensive in terms of overall cost, while head/neck and shoulder injuries had the highest mean cost.ConclusionsNHL players commonly miss time due to injury, which creates a substantial burden in lost salary costs.
Republished: The role of amyloid β in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Gilbert Barnabas James 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) is widely considered to be the major toxic agent in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease, a condition which afflicts approximately 36 million people worldwide. Despite a plethora of studies stretching back over two decades, identifying the toxic Aβ species has proved difficult. Debate has centred on the Aβ fibril and oligomer. Despite support from numerous experimental models, important questions linger regarding the role of the Aβ oligomer in particular. It is likely a huge array of oligomers, rather than a single species, which cause toxicity. Reappraisal of the role of the Aβ fibril points towards a dynamic relationship with the Aβ oligomer within an integrated system, as supported by evidence from microglia. However, some continue to doubt the pathological role of amyloid β, instead proposing a protective role. If the field is to progress, all Aβ oligomers should be characterised, the nomenclature revised and a consistent experimental protocol defined. For this to occur, collaboration will be required between major research groups and innovative analytical tools developed. Such action must surely be taken if amyloid-based therapeutic endeavour is to progress.
NEURONAL MULTIFUNCTIONAL ATPase
Authors: MENZIKOV SERGEY A. 
Published: January 2014

Here, we review the properties of a suggested mechanism for a neural ATPase complex based on our recent experimental findings. The mechanism represents a multifunctional ATPase: an enzyme that is a chloride pump and a GABA receptor. This enables new views on the ways Cl - channel transports anions and its regulation by the intra- and extracellular ions and molecules (in particular by glucose, ATP, [Formula: see text]). The hydrolytic activity of this GABA A-coupled ATPase provides the [Formula: see text] transport process the energy and determines a certain direction of ions flux across neuronal membrane. This can help with the research regarding several diseases such as epilepsy. [Formula: see text]Special Issue Comment: This project is about a multifunctional ATPase complex. Experiments involving measuring & solving individual ATPases are related with the Special Issue about FRET experiments,1 about enzymes,2 and about treatments when solving single molecules.3,4 The model suggested here is simply tested with these experimental and mathematical methods.
Revisiting BGP churn growth
Authors: Elmokashfi Ahmed , Dhamdhere Amogh 
Published: January 2014

In the mid 2000s there was some concern in the research and operational communities over the scalability of BGP, the Internet's interdomain routing protocol. The focus was on update churn (the number of routing protocol messages that are exchanged when the network undergoes routing changes) and whether churn was growing too fast for routers to handle. Recent work somewhat allayed those fears, showing that update churn grows slowly in IPv4, but the question of routing scalability has re-emerged with IPv6.
In this work, we develop a model that expresses BGP churn in terms of four measurable properties of the routing system. We show why the number of updates normalized by the size of the topology is constant, and why routing dynamics are qualitatively similar in IPv4 and IPv6. We also show that the exponential growth of IPv6 churn is entirely expected, as the underlying IPv6 topology is also growing exponentially.
Optimizing bi-directional low-latency communication in named data networking
Authors: Almishari Mishari , Gasti Paolo , Nathan Naveen , Tsudik Gene 
Published: January 2014

Content-Centric Networking (CCN) is an alternative to today's Internet IP-style packet-switched host-centric networking. One key feature of CCN is its focus on content distribution, which dominates current Internet traffic and which is not well-served by IP. Named Data Networking (NDN) is an instance of CCN; it is an on-going research effort aiming to design and develop a full-blown candidate future Internet architecture. Although NDN's emphasizes content distribution, it must also support other types of traffic, such as conferencing (audio, video) as well as more historical applications, such as remote login and file transfer.
However, suitability of NDN for applications that are not obviously or primarily content-centric. We believe that such applications are not going away any time soon. In this paper, we explore NDN in the context of a class of applications that involve lowlatency bi-directional (point-to-point) communication. Specifically, we propose a few architectural amendments to NDN that provide significantly better throughput and lower latency for this class of applications by reducing routing and forwarding costs. The proposed approach is validated via experiments.
Feature interview with Antonio Nucci
Authors: Mellia Marco 
Published: January 2014

Dr. Antonio Nucci is the chief technology officer of Narus and is responsible for setting the company's direction with respect to technology and innovation. He oversees the entire technology innovation lifecycle, including incubation, research, and prototyping. He also is responsible for ensuring a smooth transition to engineering for final commercialization. Antonio has published more than 100 technical papers and has been awarded 38 U.S. patents. He authored a book, "Design, Measurement and Management of Large-Scale IP Networks Bridging the Gap Between Theory and Practice", in 2009 on advanced network analytics. In 2007 he was recognized for his vision and contributions with the prestigious Infoworld CTO Top 25 Award. In 2013, Antonio was honored by InfoSecurity Products Guide's 2013 Global Excellence Awards as "CTO of the Year" and Gold winner in the "People Shaping Info Security" category. He served as a technical lead member of the Enduring Security Framework (ESF) initiative sponsored by various U.S. agencies to produce a set of recommendations, policies, and technology pilots to better secure the Internet (Integrated Network Defense). He is also a technical advisor for several venture capital firms.
Antonio holds a Ph.D. in computer science, and master's and bachelor's degrees in electrical engineering from Politecnico di Torino, Italy.
Noninvasive Keratograph assessment of tear film break-up time and location in patients with age-related cataracts and dry eye syndrome
Authors: Jiang Yongxiang , Ye Hongfei , Xu Jianjiang , Lu Yi 
Published: January 2014

Objective To investigate tear-film break-up time and spatial distribution via noninvasive Keratograph 4 in patients with cataracts and dry eye syndrome (DES). Methods Noninvasive first break-up time (NIKf-BUT) and average break-up time (NIKav-BUT) were evaluated via Keratograph 4 in patients with age-related cataracts and DES. The location and size of tear break regions were recorded and the distribution of first break-up areas was summarized. Patients also underwent conventional break-up time assessments (TBUT test and Schirmer’s test). Results A total of 43 left and 43 right eyes were examined. There was no significant difference between TBUT and NIKav-BUT. NIKf-BUT was significantly shorter than TBUT. Both NIKf-BUT and NIKav-BUT correlated positively with TBUT. In both the left and right eye, the most common first break-up areas were the peripheral domain of the inferior precorneal surface and the central domain of the superior portion. Conclusions The Keratograph 4 appears to provide an effective noninvasive method for assessing tear film, enabling effective preoperative evaluation of tear film break-up regularity, informing the location of the incision and reducing the probability of postoperative DES.
Trends in aggregate cancer incidence rates in relation to screening and possible overdiagnosis: A word of caution
Authors: Duffy Stephen W. , Michalopoulos Dimitrios , Sebuødegård Sofie , Hofvind Solveig 
Published: January 2014

Background Overdiagnosis in breast cancer screening is a topic of debate. Researchers often estimate trends in incidence prior to screening and project these to predict incidence during the screening epoch. Methods Data was obtained from the Cancer Registry of Norway and the Norwegian Breast Cancer Screening Programme. Using breast cancer incidence prior to screening in Norway (1976–1995), incidence trends were estimated from age-period and age-cohort models. These estimates were used to predict the incidence of breast cancer in five-year age and period groups in the screening epoch (1996–2009). Results Excess numbers of cancers in the screening age range (6,876 cancers), and deficits in women above and below the screening age range (1,947 cancers) were observed. However, only part of the observed differences between the observed and the expected incidence can be explained by screening, as evidenced by numbers of excess cancers greater than the numbers of screen-detected cancers in some age groups and time periods. Conclusion There are potential errors in estimation of overdiagnosis from screening if individual data on screening exposure and detection mode are not taken into account. For reliable estimates of overdiagnosis, it is necessary to compare excess incidence in the screening period in those actually screened with the corresponding excess in those not screened. This is the subject of ongoing research.
The labour of visual art in Western Australia
Authors: McKay Duncan 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis article presents a conceptual model of the labour of visual art developed from the analysis of qualitative data collected from interviews with professional visual artists in Western Australia. The labour discussed relates to the exertions of artists to make places for themselves and their practices within the field of cultural production. It is what Bourdieu has described as a ‘specific labour’ in relation to milieu. Drawing on Florian Znaniecki’s philosophical and sociological work as a means of engaging with the multidimensional cultural values involved, this study found that the interviewed artists laboured across four realms of cultural production. Artists laboured in order to (1) define their practices, (2) create the conditions under which they can continue to practice, (3) attract validations of their practices and artistic identities and all the while they actively laboured to (4) maintain their integrity as an important creative and social resource. These four realms of production are integrated in a dynamic system where artists’ efforts in each impact on and influences the products of the others. Over the course of this article, it will be argued that the labour of professional visual art practice can be, and must be, understood across a number of dimensions and systems of cultural values.
Comparison of six different calprotectin assays for the assessment of inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Labaere Delphine , Smismans Annick , Van Olmen August , Christiaens Paul , D’Haens Geert , Moons Veerle , Cuyle Pieter-Jan , Frans Johan , Bossuyt Peter 
Published: January 2014

Background and objectivesFaecal calprotectin is a valuable noninvasive marker for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of our study was to determine the correlation between six different calprotectin assays and compare their performance for diagnosis and follow up of IBD.MethodsThirty‐one patients with suspected IBD and 31 patients in follow up were included. We determined calprotectin by means of three rapid immmunochromatographic tests, two enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays, and one automated fluoroimmunoassay. Results were correlated with endoscopic and histological findings.ResultsAlthough all methods correlated significantly, slopes and intercepts differed extensively, with up to 5‐fold quantitative differences between assays. Sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of IBD were 82–83 and 84–89%, respectively. For follow up, sensitivity in detecting mild ulcerative colitis was 71–100%. In moderate‐to‐severe ulcerative colitis, sensitivity was 100% for all assays. Specificity was 67–86% in both subgroups. In Crohn's disease, only moderate‐to‐severe disease could be differentiated from remission, with sensitivity 83–86% and specificity 75% for all tests.ConclusionsAll calprotectin assays showed comparable clinical performance for diagnosis of IBD. For follow up, performance was acceptable, except for mild Crohn's disease. Because of the large quantitative differences, further efforts are needed to standardize calprotectin assays.
EndoFLIP system for the intraoperative evaluation of peroral endoscopic myotomy
Authors: Familiari Pietro , Gigante Giovanni , Marchese Michele , Boskoski Ivo , Bove Vincenzo , Tringali Andrea , Perri Vincenzo , Onder Graziano , Costamagna Guido 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundPeroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) has been recently introduced in clinical practice for the treatment of achalasia. The endoluminal functional lumen imaging probe (EndoFLIP) system) uses impedance planimetry for the real‐time measurement of the diameter of the oesophago‐gastric junction.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to prospectively evaluate the effect of POEM on the oesophago‐gastric junction using EndoFLIP.MethodsAll the patients who underwent POEM in a single centre between April and July 2013 were enrolled in the study. EndoFLIP was used intraoperatively, immediately before and after POEM. During follow‐up patients underwent oesophagogastroduodenoscopy, oesophageal pH monitoring and manometry. Clinical outcomes were compared with the diameter of the oesophago‐gastric junction after POEM.ResultsIn total, 23 patients (12 males, mean age 51.7 years) were enrolled, and 21 underwent POEM successfully. Preoperative mean basal lower oesophageal sphincter pressure was 42.1 mmHg (±17.6). Before POEM, the mean oesophago‐gastric junction diameter and cross‐sectional area were 6.3 mm (±1.8) and 32.9 mm2 (±23.1), respectively. After treatment, the mean diameter and cross‐sectional area of the oesophago‐gastric junction were 11.3 mm (±1.7 SD) and 102.38 mm2 (±28.2 SD), respectively. No complications occurred during a mean follow‐up of 5 months. Median post‐operative Eckardt score was 1. Three patients (14.3%) referred heartburn. Follow‐up studies revealed gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) in 57.1% of patients and oesophagitis in 33.3%. No correlations were observed between the diameter of oesophago‐gastric junction after POEM and symptoms relief, GORD incidence and lower oesophageal sphincter pressure.ConclusionsThe diameter of oesophago‐gastric junction substantially increases after POEM. EndoFLIP is a reliable method for the intraoperative evaluation of oesophago‐gastric junction diameter. However, the real usefulness of this technology after POEM remains controversial.
A prospective study on drug monitoring of PEGasparaginase and Erwinia asparaginase and asparaginase antibodies in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Tong Wing H. , Pieters Rob , Kaspers Gertjan J. L. , te Loo D. Maroeska W. M. , Bierings Marc B. , van den Bos Cor , Kollen Wouter J. W. , Hop Wim C. J. , Lanvers-Kaminsky Claudia , Relling Mary V. , Tissing Wim J. E. , van der Sluis Inge M. 
Published: January 2014

Key Points
Use of native E coli asparaginase in induction leads to high hypersensitivity rates to PEGasparaginase in intensification. Switching to Erwinia asparaginase leads to effective asparaginase activity levels in most patients who experienced an allergy to PEGasparaginase.
MiR-133b is frequently decreased in gastric cancer and its overexpression reduces the metastatic potential of gastric cancer cells
Authors: Zhao Yu , Huang Jie , Zhang Li , Qu Ying , Li Jianfang , Yu Beiqin , Yan Min , Yu Yingyan , Liu Bingya , Zhu Zhenggang 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Background
Emerging evidence has shown that microRNAs are involved in gastric cancer development and progression. Here we examine the role of miR-133b in gastric cancer.

Methods
Quantitative real-time PCR analysis was performed in 140 patient gastric cancer tissues and 8 gastric cancer cell lines. The effects of miR-133b in gastric cancer cells metastasis were examined by scratch assay, transwell migration and matrigel invasion. In vivo effects of miR-133b were examined in an intraperitoneal mouse tumor model. Targets of miR-133b were predicted by bioinformatics tools and validated by luciferase reporter analyses, western blot, and quantitative real-time PCR.

Results
MiR-133b was significantly downregulated in 70% (98/140) of gastric cancer patients. Expression of miR-133b was negatively correlated with lymph node metastasis of gastric cancer in patients. Similarly, the expression of miR-133b was significantly lower in seven tested gastric cancer cell lines than in the immortalized non-cancerous GES-1 gastric epithelial cells. Overexpression of miR-133b markedly inhibited metastasis of gastric cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the transcriptional factor Gli1 was identified as a direct target for miR-133b. Level of Gli1 protein but not mRNA was decreased by miR-133b. Activity of luciferase with Gli1 3′-untranslated region was markedly decreased by miR-133b in gastric cancer cells. Gli1 target genes, OPN and Zeb2, were also inhibited by miR133b.

Conclusions
MiR-133b is frequently decreased in gastric cancer. Overexpression of miR-133b inhibits cell metastasis in vitro and in vivo partly by directly suppressing expression of Gli1 protein. These results suggested that miR-133b plays an important role in gastric cancer metastasis.
Cross sectional survey of human-bat interaction in Australia: public health implications
Authors: Paterson Beverley J , Butler Michelle T , Eastwood Keith , Cashman Patrick M , Jones Alison , Durrheim David N 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Background
Flying foxes (megachiroptera) and insectivorous microbats (microchiroptera) are the known reservoirs for a range of recently emerged, highly pathogenic viruses. In Australia there is public health concern relating to bats’ role as reservoirs of Australian Bat Lyssavirus (ABLV), which has clinical features identical to classical rabies. Three deaths from ABLV have occurred in Australia. A survey was conducted to determine the frequency of bat exposures amongst adults in Australia’s most populous state, New South Wales; explore reasons for handling bats; examine reported practices upon encountering injured or trapped bats or experiencing bat bites or scratches; and investigate knowledge of bat handling warnings.

Methods
A representative sample of 821 New South Wales adults aged 16 years and older were interviewed during May and June 2011, using a computer assisted telephone interview (CATI) method. Frequencies, proportions and statistical differences in proportion were performed. Using an α-value of 0.05 and power of 80%, it was calculated that a sample size of 800 was required to provide statistical significance of +/− 5% for dichotomous variables.

Results
One-hundred-and-twenty-seven (15.5%) respondents indicated that they had previously handled a bat, being 22% (48/218) rural and 13% (78/597) urban respondents (χ
2 = 9.8, p = 0.0018). Twenty one percent of males (63/304) had handled bats compared with 12% (64/517) of females (χ
2 = 10.2, p = 0.0014). Overall, 42.0% (n = 345) of respondents reported having seen or heard a warning about handling bats. If faced with an injured or trapped bat, 25% (206/821) indicated that they would handle the bat, with 17% (36/206) saying that they would use their bare hands. For minor scratches, 14% (117/821) indicated that they would ignore the injury while four respondents would ignore major scratches or bites.

Conclusions
Previous human-bat interactions were relatively common. Bat exposures most frequently occurred with sick or injured bats, which have the highest risk of ABLV. On encountering an injured or sick bat, potentially high risk practices were commonly reported, particularly among rural males. It is important to understand why people still handle bats despite public health warnings to inform future communication strategies.
The therapeutic target of estrogen receptor-alpha36 in estrogen-dependent tumors
Authors: Gu Yu , Chen Tianxiang , López Elena , Wu Weizhu , Wang Xiangdong , Cao Jiang , Teng Lisong 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Estrogen receptor-alpha36 (ER-α36) is a new isoform of estrogen receptors without transcriptional activation domains of the classical ER-α(ER − α66). ER-α36 is mainly located in cytoplasm and plasma membrane. ER-α36 mediates non-genomic signaling and is involved in genomic signaling of other ERs. Recently ER-α36 is found to play a critical role in the development of estrogen-dependent cancers and endocrine resistance of breast cancer. The present article overviews and updates the biological nature and function of ER-α36, potential interaction of ER-α36 with other estrogen receptors and growth factor receptors, intracellular signaling pathways, potential mechanism by which ER-α36 may play an important role in the development of tumor resistance to endocrine therapies.