bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occupational Therapy in Mental Health: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Craik Christine 
Published: April 2015

This review of the literature was conducted as part of the development of a position paper on the way ahead for research, education and practice in occupational therapy in mental health. It included publications over the past decade and concentrated on the British Journal of Occupational Therapy. Recognising that experience from other countries would be beneficial, aspects of the literature from the national journals in the USA, Canada and Australia which were most relevant to practice in the United Kingdom were included. The shortage of articles on mental health was conspicuous and their diverse topics and descriptive nature were notable. In the United Kingdom literature, the clinical subjects featured most often were dementia, work rehabilitation, community mental health and forensic psychiatry, with other subjects either appearing infrequently or not included. The literature from the other countries also explored new roles for occupational therapy, reflecting the changes in the delivery of mental health services. In the American Journal of Occupational Therapy, there was concern about the declining number of occupational therapists working in mental health. The review identified major themes in the literature, posed questions for research, education and practice in occupational therapy and formed the foundation for the position paper.
Work-Related Stress among Occupational Therapists in Sweden
Authors: Wressle Ewa , Öberg Birgitta 
Published: April 2015

The purpose of this study was to describe work-related stress among occupational therapists and to identify the specific stress factors that contributed to work-related stress and their influence on the individual. Two hundred active occupational therapists in Sweden, selected at random from the membership registry of the Swedish Association of Occupational Therapists, received a postal questionnaire. One hundred and sixty-two responses were included in the study. An instrument introduced by Sweeney was used, which included 49 stressors, and a secondary aim was to conduct a factor analysis on the Swedish population of occupational therapists. In addition to this instrument there were questions about emotional and physical symptoms and discomfort, feelings about work and perceived satisfaction. The results showed that only two of the 49 stressors were graded as high in affecting stress levels, both concerning lack of resources and lack of time. The factor analysis indicated 15 dimensions of stress relevant to the sample, and a second-order analysis gave four factors with high reliability both for the whole stress instrument and for each of the four factors. The factors were named ‘Resources and demands’, ‘Professional value’, ‘Rewards' and ‘Interaction with patients and colleagues’. The Swedish study showed that lack of resources and lack of time were graded high as stress factors while the English population was concerned about patient contact to a greater extent than the Swedish. The most commonly reported symptoms were headache, poor concentration and feeling restless. There were significant correlations showing that high work satisfaction was correlated with low frequency of emotional and physical symptoms (r = 0.47–0.61). Work satisfaction was not correlated with discomfort from musculoskeletal disorders. Positive feelings about the job correlated with rare occurrence of symptoms (r = 0.17–0.51), and there were also relationships between positive feelings about work and fewer musculoskeletal problems like pain and headache. It was concluded that a low level of stress existed among the Swedish occupational therapists. They felt that they had a strong professional role and identity but that financial conditions had not kept pace with the status of the profession. The feeling of high work satisfaction was related primarily to fewer emotional or physical discomforts or symptoms. The factor analysis indicated that the work situation in Sweden was different from the situation in England.
Occupational Therapy: Building Skills or Transforming Selves?
Authors: Crabtree Jeffrey L 
Published: April 2015

This paper addresses the claim that there is increasing disparity between the profession's philosophical beliefs and core concepts and its clinical practice and research. The author of this claim, Mocellin, maintained that occupational therapy's assumptions about occupation are false and have serious consequences for the profession. He proposed that ‘occupation’ be replaced with ‘teaching skills' as the focus of intervention. To address his criticism and solution, this paper critiques what its author understands to be Mocellin's assumptions about competence and teaching/learning skills and offers reasons why his underlying assumptions of the competence model do not work. These are that the competence model limits therapists' and patients' resources to available skills; it neglects the spiritual elements of humans; it neglects the rich and influential context of the therapeutic situation; and, contrary to Mocellin's assertions, the founders of occupational therapy placed no special value on competence over occupation. Further, it is proposed that meaning making is the essential nature of human beings and that meaning making through occupation describes a more viable model of the ideal human condition. To support this thesis, a concise definition of occupation is offered and the therapeutic use of occupation, based on this definition, is contrasted with Mocellin's notions of teaching/learning skills.
Ergonomic Evaluation of Electric Mobile Hoists
Authors: Hignett Sue 
Published: April 2015

Manual handling is known to be a major contributory factor in the high level of musculoskeletal injury among health care workers. One increasingly popular way to attempt to decrease total load handling is to use mechanical aids. There has been considerable growth in the range of moving and handling equipment being marketed to the health care industry but relatively little evaluation of its design or usability. Often purchasing decisions are made on an anecdotal basis from personal experience or recommendations and, while that information can be of considerable value, it will always be skewed by personal bias. In order to provide robust ergonomic advice on which to base a purchasing recommendation for electric mobile hoists at a large teaching hospital, an ergonomic product evaluation was carried out consisting of both expert evaluation and user trials. The outcome is a purchasing recommendation for occasional use hoists (LIKO Uno, Oxford Major and Invacare Opale) and for frequent use hoists (LIKO Golvo and LIKO Uno). Although these are currently the recommended products, the results from the evaluation suggest that there is still room for design improvements.
Two Common Pitfalls in Clinical Audit: Failing to Complete the Audit Cycle and Confusing Audit with Research
Authors: Sealey Christine 
Published: April 2015

This article explores two common pitfalls for occupational therapists in carrying out clinical audit: failing to complete the audit cycle to bring about actual improvements in practice and confusing audit with research. Given the demanding circumstances under which most clinicians work, these problems are neither surprising nor unique to occupational therapy. This article defines clinical audit and summarises good practice in audit. The difficulties with completing the audit cycle are explored and some solutions are suggested. The difference between clinical audit and research is discussed, with strategies for avoiding confusion.
Ethical Considerations in Therapy Research
Authors: Seale Jane K , Barnard Sue 
Published: April 2015

Therapists are under increasing pressure to conduct research within their field of therapeutic practice in order to contribute to evidence-based practice. A perceived lack of therapy research has prompted a huge amount of literature on research methodologies. However, comparatively little has been written about how to ensure that these methodologies are ethically employed. Ensuring that a research project is ethical is a huge responsibility that cannot be taken lightly. This article highlights the ethical issues that a therapy researcher may need to consider and outlines the process and practicalities of how these issues may be addressed.
Loss of Ability to Drive following a Stroke: The Early Experiences of Three Elderly People on Discharge from Hospital
Authors: Lister Robyn 
Published: April 2015

A qualitative study employing a phenomenological approach was undertaken in South Australia to explore how three elderly people who had been hospitalised with stroke experienced the initial impact of the 1055 of their ability to drive following discharge. In-depth interviews were the primary form of data collection. The main themes emerging from the data were expectation of the 1055, acceptance of the loss, lack of acceptable transport alternatives, lack of control over the loss, an altered lifestyle and loss of independence. Many of the reported assumptions in the literature that loss of ability to drive has negative psychological, social and functional implications were supported by the results of this study. However, the findings from this study that the expectation of the losswas variable and that the participants felt that they lacked control over the loss had not previously been reported. The results have several implications for clinical practice, including consideration of the time at which the loss is discussed with older people and the need to prepare them for the loss. Whilst the study has produced data that shed light on the concept of loss of ability to drive, further research is needed using a larger population to check the constructs of the phenomenon.
A Systematic Review of the Evidence for the Value of Functional Assessment of Older People with Dementia
Authors: Tullis Alison , Nicol Margaret 
Published: April 2015

There exists concern within the occupational therapy profession to demonstrate the efficacy of treatment through evidence-based practice (Bannigan 1997, Lloyd-Smith 1997, Taylor 1997). This is in keeping with other health care professionals who, equally, are addressing this issue (Muir Gray 1997). The clinical experience of the authors of this article suggests that occupational therapists are in a significant and powerful position when making decisions about the ability of someone with dementia to return to his or her own home. It is often the observations from a predischarge home assessment that are the determining factors for the discharge decision. A systematic review of the current available evidence was carried out. This review highlighted that there was remarkably little evidence from the current occupational therapy literature in relation to people with dementia either to support or to refute the home assessment visit as the optimum method of assessing their ability to return home. The review demonstrated the need to undertake further evaluation and research into this key occupational therapy activity.
Chronic kidney disease in pregnancy: Maternal and fetal outcomes and progression of kidney disease
Authors: Davidson Natalie L , Wolski Penny , Callaway Leonie K , Barrett Helen L , Fagermo Narelle , Lust Karin , Shakhovskoy Rebekah E 
Published: April 2015

Background There is a paucity of Australian data regarding renal disease in pregnancy. We undertook a retrospective cohort study at a tertiary institution to examine the impact of renal disease on pregnancy outcomes and the effect of pregnancy on disease progression. Methods A total of 55 pregnancies of patients with renal disease admitted from 2003 to 2010 to the Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital were analysed. Pre-conception variables, fetal/delivery and maternal outcomes were analysed in this group and in a control group of women with normal kidney function pre-pregnancy. Results Of the 55 pregnancies, 71% experienced pre-term delivery, 38% had intra-uterine growth restriction and 62% required caesarean section. Of all, 60% of neonates required neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission and six perinatal deaths occurred. Of all, 67% of women suffered preeclampsia, 47% anaemia and 3 patients required dialysis in pregnancy. Postpartum deterioration of renal function occurred in patients with pre-conception chronic kidney disease stage 3–5. Conclusions Chronic kidney disease of all stages is a risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes. In a tertiary institution however, there is a high rate of successful pregnancy (84%).
Assessment of vascular function in individuals with hyperglycemia: a cross-sectional study of glucose – induced changes in digital volume pulse
Authors: Alaei-Shahmiri Fariba , Zhao Yun , Sherriff Jill 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Background
Arterial stiffness is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and its progression may be accelerated in the presence of hyperglycemia, either fasting or postprandial. The current study assessed vascular function in subjects with pre-diabetes hyperglycemia, using digital volume pulse analysis technique.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study examining vascular function in the fasting and postprandial (glucose-induced) state in 44 adults, consisting of 17 subjects with pre-diabetic hyperglycemia and 27 normoglycemic volunteers. Photoplethysmography of the digital volume pulse (DVP) was used to determine stiffness index (SI) and reflective index (RI), as main measures of larger artery stiffness and vascular tone, respectively.

Results
Our results showed a significantly higher (Ln) fasting SI in the hyperglycemic group compared with the control group (2.19 ± 0.32 vs. 1.96 ± 0.22, P = 0.005). However, this pattern reversed after adjustment for potential confounders. In multiple linear regression analysis, (Ln) SI was related to age (β = 0.01, 95% CI: 0.01-0.02, P < 0.001) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) (β = 0.01, 95% CI: 0.00-0.01, P < 0.05), but not with W/H, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) or serum lipids. Furthermore, age (β = 0.02, 95% CI: 0.01-0.03, P < 0.001) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) (β = 0.01, 95% CI: 0.00-0.02, P < 0.05) were found as the strong predictors of fasting SI in hyperglycemic group. Neither FPG nor 2-h plasma glucose was a significant predictor for SI in hyperglycemic group, after accounting for age and MAP. Subjects with hyperglycemia had a 15% blunted change in postprandial AUCs for RI, adjusted for the respective baseline measurements (−9.40 ± 3.59 vs. -11.00 ± 2.84%) but these did not attain statistical significance.

Conclusion
Increased arterial stiffness in pre-diabetic subjects is strongly associated with age and MAP. The increased DVP-derived SI reported in patients with pre-diabetic hyperglycemia may result from different frequently accompanied risk factors not just glycemic changes in this range.
Typification of the Indo–Pacific seagrass Thalassia hemprichii (Hydrocharitaceae)
Authors: Ferrer-Gallego P. Pablo , Boisset Fernando 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe typification of the name Schizotheca hemprichii Ehrenb. (≡ Thalassia hemprichii (Ehrenb.) Asch.; Hydrocharitaceae) is discussed. Ehrenberg's original material at BM, K, L and P was consulted. A specimen at BM is designated as the lectotype.
Neo– and epitypification of Arundinarianitida (Poaceae: Bambusoideae)
Authors: Stapleton Chris , Zijlstra Gea 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA neotype and an epitype from the widely cultivated Fountain Bamboo are proposed for Arundinaria nitida. Application and authorship of the name are discussed, in the light of confusion over the validity of this name in different publications, and the implications of selecting different types for the application of generic names.
Propylene Glycol Toxicity with Stoss Therapy; State Drug Racking Database Helps Prevent an Error; Where Did that Medication Come From?; Expiration Date Difficult to Read
Authors: Cohen Michael R. , Smetzer Judy L. 
Published: April 2015

These medication errors have occurred in health care facilities at least once. They will happen again—perhaps where you work. Through education and alertness of personnel and procedural safeguards, they can be avoided. You should consider publishing accounts of errors in your newsletters and/or presenting them at your inservice training programs. Your assistance is required to continue this feature. The reports described here were received through the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) Medication Errors Reporting Program. Any reports published by ISMP will be anonymous. Comments are also invited; the writers' names will be published if desired. ISMP may be contacted at the address shown below. Errors, close calls, or hazardous conditions may be reported directly to ISMP through the ISMP Web site ( www.ismp.org ), by calling 800-FAIL-SAFE, or via e-mail at ismpinfo@ismp.org . ISMP guarantees the confidentiality and security of the information received and respects reporters' wishes as to the level of detail included in publications.
The effect of salt stress on the germination of maize (Zea mays L.) seeds and photosynthetic pigments
Authors: ALIU Sali , RUSINOVCI Imer , FETAHU Shukri , GASHI Bekim , SIMEONOVSKA Emilija , ROZMAN Ludvik 
Published: April 2015

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of salinity stress on seed germination and chlorophyll content in maize. In the study, two maize hybrids were included (Bc 678 and Bc 408) originating from the Bc Institute at Rugvica near Zagreb (Croatia) and two maize populations (LMP-1 and LMP-2) originating from Kosovo. The experiment was conducted in four replicates of 100 seeds, which were germinated on top of double-layered papers, each with 10 ml of salt solution of NaCl and CaCl2 in Petri dishes. Germinated seeds were counted every 24 h for 15 days. The photosynthetic pigments, chlorophylls ‘a’ and ‘b’ as well as carotenoids were extracted with 80 % acetone. Chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were calculated using absorbance values at 662, 644 and 440 nm. The effects of the NaCl and CaCl2 concentrations accounted for a high proportion of the variance in all analyses. The results showed that both germination percentage and germination index decreased significantly in all cultivars at the highest salt concentrations. The significant differences between different concentrations of salinity were also found in all cultivars for the content of chlorophyll ‘a’ and ‘b’ and for the content of carotenoids.
Sorption of the anionic reactive red RB dye
in cellulose: Assessment of kinetic,
thermodynamic, and equilibrium data
Authors: Silva Lucinaldo S. , Lima Luciano C. B. , Ferreira Francisco J. L. , Silva Mateus S. , Osajima Josy A. , Bezerra Roosevelt D. S. , Filho Edson C. Silva 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The cellulose matrix was characterized by FTIR,
13C NMR, XRD, TG, SEM and applied in the removal of the
reactive red RB dye in an aqueous medium, with a capacity
of adsorption at a pH of 2.0, and an adsorption equilibrium
time which was reached at around 200 mins. The kinetic
study for the system followed the Elovich model. The
adsorption isotherms for the system at temperatures
of 35°C, 45°C, and 55°C were adjusted to the Langmuir,
Freundlich, Sips, and Redlich-Peterson non-linear models,
with a capacity of adsorption for adsorbent of 5.97 mg g-1,
5.64 mg g-1, and 4.62 mg g-1, respectively. The adsorption
occurred by electrostatic interactions and it was favorable
and spontaneous, with the influence of temperature.
Intensive Quenching Systems: Engineering and Design
Authors: Kobasko N. I. , Aronov M. A. , Powell J. A. , Totten G. E. 
Published: April 2015

Description
This comprehensive new manual focuses on highly-forced heat transfer—the Intensive Quenching (IQ) processes, with particular attention to the replacement of relatively expensive alloyed steels with less expensive carbon steels. 13 comprehensive chapters examine:
With this unique manual, you are can address the following problems:
This unique manual is intended for metallurgists and mechanical engineers to assist them in their work to design quenching systems and to implement those mechanical systems. It is also for student and post graduate students.
Positive Selection at thePolyhomeoticLocus Led to Decreased Thermosensitivity of Gene Expression in TemperateDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Voigt Susanne , Laurent Stefan , Litovchenko Maria , Stephan Wolfgang 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDrosophila melanogaster as a cosmopolitan species has successfully adapted to a wide range of different environments. Variation in temperature is one important environmental factor that influences the distribution of species in nature. In particular for insects, which are mostly ectotherms, ambient temperature plays a major role in their ability to colonize new habitats. Chromatin-based gene regulation is known to be sensitive to temperature. Ambient temperature leads to changes in the activation of genes regulated in this manner. One such regulatory system is the Polycomb group (PcG) whose target genes are more expressed at lower temperatures than at higher ones. Therefore, a greater range in ambient temperature in temperate environments may lead to greater variability (plasticity) in the expression of these genes. This might have detrimental effects, such that positive selection acts to lower the degree of the expression plasticity. We provide evidence for this process in a genomic region that harbors two PcG-regulated genes, polyhomeotic proximal (ph-p) and CG3835. We found a signature of positive selection in this gene region in European populations of D. melanogaster and investigated the region by means of reporter gene assays. The target of selection is located in the intergenic fragment between the two genes. It overlaps with the promoters of both genes and an experimentally validated Polycomb response element (PRE). This fragment harbors five sequence variants that are highly differentiated between European and African populations. The African alleles confer a temperature-induced plasticity in gene expression, which is typical for PcG-mediated gene regulation, whereas thermosensitivity is reduced for the European alleles.
Severe Wear and Pseudotumor Formation Due to Taper Mismatch in a Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Koper M.C. , Mathijssen N.M.C. , Witt F. , Morlock M.M. , Vehmeijer S.B.W. 
Published: April 2015

Case:
We describe the case of a seventy-six-year-old woman who had undergone bilateral total hip arthroplasty with Zweymüller-Metasul prostheses in 1996. After a fall sixteen years after the index procedures, radiographs suggested a taper fracture of the left total hip arthroplasty. However, revision surgery showed pseudotumor formation, with no evidence of taper fracture. Analysis of the prosthesis showed massive wear of the male stem taper caused by a mismatch between the stem taper and the head taper.

Conclusion:
This case vividly demonstrates how taper size mismatch can cause dramatic metal wear and increased release of metal ions, resulting in pseudotumor formation.