bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reovirus Cell Entry Requires Functional Microtubules
Authors: Mainou Bernardo A. , Zamora Paula F. , Ashbrook Alison W. , Dorset Daniel C. , Kim Kwang S. , Dermody Terence S. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTMammalian reovirus binds to cell-surface glycans and junctional adhesion molecule A and enters cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis in a process dependent on β1 integrin. Within the endocytic compartment, reovirus undergoes stepwise disassembly, allowing release of the transcriptionally active viral core into the cytoplasm. To identify cellular mediators of reovirus infectivity, we screened a library of small-molecule inhibitors for the capacity to block virus-induced cytotoxicity. In this screen, reovirus-induced cell killing was dampened by several compounds known to impair microtubule dynamics. Microtubule inhibitors were assessed for blockade of various stages of the reovirus life cycle. While these drugs did not alter reovirus cell attachment or internalization, microtubule inhibitors diminished viral disassembly kinetics with a concomitant decrease in infectivity. Reovirus virions colocalize with microtubules and microtubule motor dynein 1 during cell entry, and depolymerization of microtubules results in intracellular aggregation of viral particles. These data indicate that functional microtubules are required for proper sorting of reovirus virions following internalization and point to a new drug target for pathogens that use the endocytic pathway to invade host cells.IMPORTANCEScreening libraries of well-characterized drugs for antiviral activity enables the rapid characterization of host processes required for viral infectivity and provides new therapeutic applications for established pharmaceuticals. Our finding that microtubule-inhibiting drugs impair reovirus infection identifies a new cell-based antiviral target.
Primary stenting for acute ischemic stroke using the Enterprise vascular reconstruction device: early results
Authors: Dumont Travis M , Natarajan Sabareesh K , Eller Jorge L , Mocco J , Kelly William H , Snyder Kenneth V , Hopkins L Nelson , Siddiqui Adnan H , Levy Elad I 
Published: July 2013

ObjectivePrimary stenting for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) using the Wingspan stent delivery system has been reported. Major technical limitations in that study were difficulties in delivering the device and a few cases in which the Enterprise vascular reconstruction device (stent) was used as a bailout procedure. The Enterprise, which has relatively less radial force and more flexibility than other intracranial stents, is an ideal device for revascularization as it is easily delivered through tortuous intracranial vessels. We tested the safety and effectiveness of this stent as the primary revascularization device for AIS in an FDA-approved investigational device exemption prospective cohort study.MethodsTwenty patients presenting with AIS due to confirmed intracranial large vessel occlusion within 8 h of onset of stroke symptoms were treated with the Enterprise as the primary revascularization device. The primary outcome was recanalization to Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow of ≥2. Perioperative safety was measured by major complication incidence within 30 days of stent revascularization. A secondary measure of outcome was 30-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score.ResultsRecanalization to TIMI 2 (n=6) or 3 (n=12) flow was achieved in 18 patients (90% revascularization rate). Three major complications were noted (15%) including one myocardial infarction, one symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage and one ischemic stroke in a distribution other than the qualifying vessel. Good outcome (mRS ≤2) was obtained in 10 patients (50%).ConclusionsIn this prospective study the Enterprise stent was found to be a safe and effective revascularization tool in the setting of AIS.
Transnuclear TRP1-Specific CD8 T Cells with High or Low Affinity TCRs Show Equivalent Antitumor Activity
Authors: Dougan Stephanie K. , Dougan Michael , Kim Jun , Turner Jacob A. , Ogata Souichi , Cho Hyun-Il , Jaenisch Rudolf , Celis Esteban , Ploegh Hidde L. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
We have generated, via somatic cell nuclear transfer, two independent lines of transnuclear mice, using as nuclear donors CD8 T cells, sorted by tetramer staining, that recognize the endogenous melanoma antigen tyrosinase related protein 1 (TRP1). These two lines of nominally identical specificity differ greatly in their affinity for antigen (TRP1high or TRP1low) as inferred from tetramer dissociation and peptide responsiveness. Ex vivo–activated CD8 T cells from either TRP1high or TRP1low mice show cytolytic activity in three-dimensional tissue culture and in vivo, and slow the progression of subcutaneous B16 melanoma. Although naïve TRP1low CD8 T cells do not affect tumor growth, upon activation these cells function indistinguishably from TRP1high cells in vivo, limiting tumor cell growth and increasing mouse survival. The antitumor effect of both TRP1high and TRP1low CD8 T cells is enhanced in RAG-deficient hosts. However, tumor outgrowth eventually occurs, likely due to T cell exhaustion. The TRP1 transnuclear mice are an excellent model for examining the functional attributes of T cells conferred by T cell receptor (TCR) affinity, and they may serve as a platform for screening immunomodulatory cancer therapies. Cancer Immunol Res; 1(2); 99–111. ©2013 AACR.
A Prediction Model to Identify Patients at High Risk for 30-Day Readmission After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Wasfy Jason H. , Rosenfield Kenneth , Zelevinsky Katya , Sakhuja Rahul , Lovett Ann , Spertus John A. , Wimmer Neil J. , Mauri Laura , Normand Sharon-Lise T. , Yeh Robert W. 
Published: July 2013

Background—
The Affordable Care Act creates financial incentives for hospitals to minimize readmissions shortly after discharge for several conditions, with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to be a target in 2015. We aimed to develop and validate prediction models to assist clinicians and hospitals in identifying patients at highest risk for 30-day readmission after PCI.

Methods and Results—

We identified all readmissions within 30 days of discharge after PCI in nonfederal hospitals in Massachusetts between October 1, 2005, and September 30, 2008. Within a two-thirds random sample (Developmental cohort), we developed 2 parsimonious multivariable models to predict all-cause 30-day readmission, the first incorporating only variables known before cardiac catheterization (pre-PCI model), and the second incorporating variables known at discharge (Discharge model). Models were validated within the remaining one-third sample (Validation cohort), and model discrimination and calibration were assessed. Of 36 060 PCI patients surviving to discharge, 3760 (10.4%) patients were readmitted within 30 days. Significant pre-PCI predictors of readmission included age, female sex, Medicare or State insurance, congestive heart failure, and chronic kidney disease. Post-PCI predictors of readmission included lack of β-blocker prescription at discharge, post-PCI vascular or bleeding complications, and extended length of stay. Discrimination of the pre-PCI model (C-statistic=0.68) was modestly improved by the addition of post-PCI variables in the Discharge model (C-statistic=0.69; integrated discrimination improvement, 0.009;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions—
These prediction models can be used to identify patients at high risk for readmission after PCI and to target high-risk patients for interventions to prevent readmission.
Comparison of the Sex-Specific Associations Between Systolic Blood Pressure and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Peters Sanne A.E. , Huxley Rachel R. , Woodward Mark 
Published: July 2013

Background and Purpose—
Conflicting results have been reported on whether the association between increments in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and cardiovascular disease differs between men and women. We performed a systematic review with meta-analysis to compare reliably sex-specific associations between SBP and cardiovascular risk.

Methods—
PubMed MEDLINE was systematically searched for prospective population-based cohort studies published between January 1, 1966, and March 31, 2012. Studies were selected if they presented sex-specific estimates, with associated variability, of the relative risk for either ischemic heart disease or stroke according to SBP. The data were pooled using random effects models with inverse variance weighting, and estimates of the ratio of the relative risks per 10 mm Hg increment in SBP, comparing women with men, were derived.

Results—

Data from 124 prospective cohort studies, including information on 1197 472 individuals (44% women) and 26 176 stroke and 24 434 ischemic heart disease events, were included. Overall, there was no evidence to suggest a sex difference in the relationship between SBP and either the risk of stroke (pooled ratio of relative risks, 0.98 [95% confidence interval, 0.96; 1.01];
P
=0.13) or ischemic heart disease (pooled ratio of relative risks, 1.00 [95% confidence interval, 0.97; 1.04];
P
=0.85).

Conclusions—
Elevated levels of SBP are a major risk factor for stroke and ischemic heart diseases in both women and men. This study unequivocally demonstrates the broadly similar impact of SBP increments on cardiovascular outcomes in both sexes.
Association between Length of Exclusive Breastfeeding and Subsequent Breastfeeding Continuation
Authors: Howel Denise , Ball Helen 
Published: July 2013

Background: Although breastfeeding initiation rates have improved, later prevalence is very low in the United Kingdom, and Northeast England is the region with the lowest rates. Objective: This study aimed to investigate novel in addition to well-established risk factors for cessation of breastfeeding among women in this region. Methods: Participants were 870 women considering breastfeeding prior to birth who were enrolled in the postnatal ward North East Cot trial at a tertiary hospital in Northeast England from 2008 to 2010. They provided weekly data on feeding and sleeping practices for 26 weeks postpartum using an automated telephone system with reminder postcards and contact by telephone, letter, or email if necessary. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to investigate factors associated with terminating any and exclusive breastfeeding in this period. Results: Ninety-four percent of women started any breastfeeding and 66% initiated exclusive breastfeeding. By 26 weeks postpartum, 47% were still breastfeeding, but < 1% were breastfeeding exclusively. Multivariate analysis showed that women who exclusively breastfed for at least 4 weeks breastfed for significantly longer after supplementation started ( P < .001). Bed-sharing at home during the first 13 weeks was a significant predictor of both any and exclusive breastfeeding, as well as any breastfeeding after supplementation ( P < .001). We also confirmed some recognized socio-demographic predictors of breastfeeding cessation in this location. Conclusion: We found that exclusive breastfeeding for at least 4 weeks was significantly associated with longer breastfeeding continuation after supplementation, and bed-sharing at home was associated with longer breastfeeding regardless of the definition used.
Wine tourists’ use of sources of information when visiting a USA wine region
Authors: Bruwer Johan , Thach Liz 
Published: July 2013

This study investigates the sources of information people ( n = 334) use when deciding to embark on a wine tourism excursion by visiting a USA wine region environment. The study’s overall aim was to establish whether there are differences between first-time and repeat and between in-state- and out-of-state-based visitors in terms of sources of information they use to plan their visit to a wine region and how situational and sociodemographic variables relate to these. Specific differences exist in the information sources used by first-time and repeat wine tourists. Repeat visitors use informal sources such as exposure to a regional winery’s label, attending a tasting elsewhere and previous visits to the region significantly more than first-time visitors, who are more inclined to use formal sources such as brochures/pamphlets and the visitor information bureau. Word of mouth is used more than any other source by both in-state- and out-of-state-based visitors. Across the board, wine tourists did not differ much in their use of these sources by gender or age generation, with the exception of female millennials, in which case word of mouth and brochures/pamphlets were used significantly more.
Fine-tuning of microRNA-mediated repression of mRNA by splicing-regulated and highly repressive microRNA recognition element
Authors: Wu Cheng-Tao , Chiou Chien-Ying , Chiu Ho-Chen , Yang Ueng-Cheng 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundMicroRNAs are very small non-coding RNAs that interact with microRNA recognition elements (MREs) on their target messenger RNAs. Varying the concentration of a given microRNA may influence the expression of many target proteins. Yet, the expression of a specific target protein can be fine-tuned by alternative cleavage and polyadenylation to the corresponding mRNA.ResultsThis study showed that alternative splicing of mRNA is a fine-tuning mechanism in the cellular regulatory network. The splicing-regulated MREs are often highly repressive MREs. This phenomenon was observed not only in the hsa-miR-148a-regulated DNMT3B gene, but also in many target genes regulated by hsa-miR-124, hsa-miR-1, and hsa-miR-181a. When a gene contains multiple MREs in transcripts, such as the VEGF gene, the splicing-regulated MREs are again the highly repressive MREs. Approximately one-third of the analysable human MREs in MiRTarBase and TarBase can potentially perform the splicing-regulated fine-tuning. Interestingly, the high (+30%) repression ratios observed in most of these splicing-regulated MREs indicate associations with functions. For example, the MRE-free transcripts of many oncogenes, such as N-RAS and others may escape microRNA-mediated suppression in cancer tissues.ConclusionsThis fine-tuning mechanism revealed associations with highly repressive MRE. Since high-repression MREs are involved in many important biological phenomena, the described association implies that splicing-regulated MREs are functional. A possible application of this observed association is in distinguishing functionally relevant MREs from predicted MREs.
A case of adaptation through a mutation in a tandem duplication during experimental evolution in Escherichia coli
Authors: Maharjan Ram P , Gaffé Joël , Plucain Jessica , Schliep Martin , Wang Lei , Feng Lu , Tenaillon Olivier , Ferenci Thomas , Schneider Dominique 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Background
DNA duplications constitute important precursors for genome variation. Here we analyzed an unequal duplication harboring a beneficial mutation that may provide alternative evolutionary outcomes.

Results
We characterized this evolutionary event during experimental evolution for only 100 generations of an Escherichia coli strain under glucose limitation within chemostats. By combining Insertion Sequence based Restriction Length Polymorphism experiments, pulsed field gel electrophoresis and two independent genome re-sequencing experiments, we identified an evolved lineage carrying a 180 kb duplication of the 46’ region of the E. coli chromosome. This evolved duplication revealed a heterozygous state, with one copy harboring a 2668 bp deletion that included part of the ogrK gene and both the yegR and yegS genes. By genetically manipulating ancestral and evolved strains, we showed that the single yegS inactivation was sufficient to confer a frequency dependent fitness increase under the chemostat selective conditions in both the ancestor and evolved genetic contexts, implying that the duplication itself was not a direct fitness contributor. Nonetheless, the heterozygous duplicated state was relatively stable in the conditions prevailing during evolution in chemostats, in striking contrast to non selective conditions in which the duplication resolved at high frequency into either its ancestral or deleted copy.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that the duplication state may constitute a second order selection process providing higher evolutionary potential. Moreover, its heterozygous nature may provide differential evolutionary opportunities in alternating environments. Our results also highlighted how careful analyses of whole genome data are needed to identify such complex rearrangements.
No sex-specific difference in disease trajectory in multiple sclerosis patients before and after age 50
Authors: Bove Riley , Musallam Alexander , Healy Brian C , Houtchens Maria , Glanz Bonnie I , Khoury Samia , Guttmann Charles R , De Jager Philip L , Chitnis Tanuja 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe disease course in multiple sclerosis (MS) is influenced by many factors, including age, sex, and sex hormones. Little is known about sex-specific changes in disease course around age 50, which may represent a key biological transition period for reproductive aging.MethodsMale and female subjects with no prior chemotherapy exposure were selected from a prospective MS cohort to form groups representing the years before (38–46 years, N=351) and after (54–62 years, N=200)age 50. Primary analysis assessed for interaction between effects of sex and age on clinical (Expanded Disability Status Scale, EDSS; relapse rate) and radiologic (T2 lesion volume, T2LV; brain parenchymal fraction, BPF) outcomes. Secondarily, we explored patient-reported outcomes (PROs).ResultsAs expected, there were age- and sex- related changes with male and older cohorts showing worse disease severity (EDSS), brain atrophy (BPF), and more progressive course.There was no interaction between age and sex on cross-sectional adjusted clinical (EDSS, relapse rate) or radiologic (BPF, T2LV) measures, or on 2-year trajectories of decline.There was a significant interaction between age and sex for a physical functioning PRO (SF-36): the older female cohort reported lower physical functioning than men (p=0.002). There were no differences in depression (Center for Epidemiological Study – Depression, CES-D) or fatigue (Modified Fatigue Impact Scale, MFIS) scores.ConclusionsThere was no interaction between age and sex suggestive of an effect of reproductive aging on clinical or radiologic progression. Prospective analyses across the menopausal transition are needed.
The role of natural health products (NHPs) in dietetic practice: results from a survey of Canadian dietitians
Authors: Hirschkorn Kristine , Walji Rishma , Boon Heather 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Background
Registered dietitians (RDs) play a key role in disseminating information about nutrition and intervening in nutrition-related disorders in the Canadian context. Natural health products (NHPs) are increasingly associated with nutrition in patient and health professional discussions. For this study, NHPs were divided into three categories: nutritional supplements (NS); functional foods/nutraceuticals (FF/N); and herbal preparations (HP). The objective was to explore RDs’ perceptions about their professional roles and responsibilities with respect to three categories of natural health products (NHPs).

Methods
This research consisted of an on-line survey of registered dietitians (RDs) in Ontario.
Surveys were distributed electronically to all practicing RDs in Ontario by the College of Dietitians of Ontario. There were 558 survey respondents, a response rate of 20%.

Results
The vast majority of RDs reported being consulted by clients about all product categories (98% for NS; 94% for FF/N; 91% for HP), with RDs receiving the most frequent questions about NS and the least frequent about HP. 74% of RDs believed that NS are included within the current scope of practice, compared to 59% for FF/N and 14% for HP. Even higher numbers believed that these products should be included: 97% for NS, 91% for FF/N and 47% for HP. RDs who report personally ingesting FF/N and HP were significantly more likely to report that these products should be in the dietetic scope of practice. In contrast, RDs who provide one-on-one counselling services or group-level counselling/workshops were significantly less likely to believe HP should be in the dietetic scope of practice.

Conclusions
Opinions of RDs indicated that NS and FF/N (and possibly HP) fall within, or should fall within, RDs’ scope of practice. Opportunity exists for RDs to undertake a professional role with respect to NHPs. Policy clarification regarding RD roles is needed.
Tunable insulator-quantum Hall transition in a weakly interacting two-dimensional electron system
Authors: Lo Shun-Tsung , Wang Yi-Ting , Lin Sheng-Di , Strasser Gottfried , Bird Jonathan P , Chen Yang-Fang , Liang Chi-Te 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
We have performed low-temperature measurements on a gated two-dimensional electron system in which electron–electron (e-e) interactions are insignificant. At low magnetic fields, disorder-driven movement of the crossing of longitudinal and Hall resistivities (ρ
xx and ρ
xy) can be observed. Interestingly, by applying different gate voltages, we demonstrate that such a crossing at ρ
xx ~ ρ
xy can occur at a magnetic field higher, lower, or equal to the temperature-independent point in ρ
xx which corresponds to the direct insulator-quantum Hall transition. We explicitly show that ρ
xx ~ ρ
xy occurs at the inverse of the classical Drude mobility 1/μ
D rather than the crossing field corresponding to the insulator-quantum Hall transition. Moreover, we show that the background magnetoresistance can affect the transport properties of our device significantly. Thus, we suggest that great care must be taken when calculating the renormalized mobility caused by e-e interactions.
In situ preparation of monodispersed Ag/polyaniline/Fe3O4 nanoparticles via heterogeneous nucleation
Authors: Bian Longchun , Bao Lixia , Wang Jiliang , Lei Jingxin 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Acrylic acid and styrene were polymerized onto monodispersed Fe3O4 nanoparticles using a grafting copolymerization method. Aniline molecules were then bonded onto the Fe3O4 nanoparticles by electrostatic self-assembly and further polymerized to obtain uniform polyaniline/Fe3O4 (PANI/Fe3O4) nanoparticles (approximately 35 nm). Finally, monodispersed Ag/PANI/Fe3O4 nanoparticles were prepared by an in situ reduction reaction between emeraldine PANI and silver nitrate. Fourier transform infrared and UV-visible spectrometers and a transmission electron microscope were used to characterize both the chemical structure and the morphology of the resulting nanoparticles.
Some fixed point results for multi-valued mappings in partial metric spaces
Authors: Ahmad Jamshaid , Di Bari Cristina , Cho Yeol Je , Arshad Muhammad 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
In this paper, we obtain some fixed point results for multi-valued mappings in partial metric spaces. Our results unify, generalize and complement various known comparable results from the current literature. An example is also included to illustrate the main result in the paper.

MSC:46S40, 47H10, 54H25.