bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Curing Viscosity of HTPB‐Based Binder Embedding Micro‐ and Nano‐Aluminum Particles
Authors: Maggi Filippo 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAluminum is used as a metal fuel in energetic materials for the improvement of propulsion performance and density. Both nano‐sized and micrometer‐sized activated powders represent valuable options in order to improve metal combustion properties, each possessing advantages and drawbacks. These ingredients bear peculiar properties (namely, higher specific surface, coatings, or surface characteristics) which generate high mixing viscosity once suspended in a polymer as well as altered mechanical properties of the final product. Four different powders dispersed in a polymer binder are taken into consideration and the evolution of viscosity in time during the curing process is investigated. The suspending medium is represented by a mixture of hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene (HTPB), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and dioctyl adipate (DOA). Viscosity was measured for 5 h on samples under isothermal curing at 60 °C. Non‐isothermal DSC kinetic analyses were also performed using the Kissinger method. It was found that, for the test conditions, a size reduction of metal particles slowed down the increment rate of curing viscosity while some peculiar coatings, such as fatty acids, introduced opposite trends.
Metal Fluorocarbon Pyrolants, XVI : Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of Poly[bis(2,2,2‐trifluoroethoxy)phosphazene] (PTFEP) as Oxidizer in Magnesium Based Pyrolants
Authors: Koch Ernst‐Christian , Contini Alessandro E. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractConsolidated magnesium/poly[bis(2,2,2‐trifluoroethoxy)phosphazene] (MPZ) pyrolants display a stable combustion regime between ξ(Mg) 30–83 wt‐%. The combustion rate increases with increasing magnesium content. Mixtures containing between 15–29 wt‐% Mg do ignite with a butane torch but extinguish rapidly thereafter. The combustion flames for each stoichiometric range exhibit particular features such as luminous carbon particles, after burn luminescence of Mg and burning Mg‐rich ejecta. UV/Vis spectra of the combustion flames show a distinct continuum superimposed from signals for transient CF2, Mg, MgF, MgO, P2+, PH, PN, and PO. The thermochemical calculation using NASA‐CEA indicate the highest adiabatic temperatures 1889 K at ξ(Mg)=35 wt‐%. The aerobic combustion of MPZ yields similar temperatures as common magnesium/polytetrafluoroethylene pyrolants.
MicroRNA-21 Coordinates Human Multipotent Cardiovascular Progenitors Therapeutic Potential
Authors: Richart Adèle , Loyer Xavier , Néri Tui , Howangyin Kiave , Guérin Coralie L. , Ngkelo Anta , Bakker Wineke , Zlatanova Ivana , Rouanet Marie , Vilar José , Lévy Bernard , Rothenberg Marc , Mallat Ziad , Pucéat Michel , Silvestre Jean-Sébastien 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPublished clinical trials in patients with ischemic diseases show limited benefit of adult stem cell-based therapy, likely due to their restricted plasticity and commitment toward vascular cell lineage. We aim to uncover the potent regenerative ability of MesP1/stage-specific embryonic antigen 1 (SSEA-1)-expressing cardiovascular progenitors enriched from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Injection of only 104 hESC-derived SSEA-1+/MesP1+ cells, or their progeny obtained after treatment with VEGF-A or PDGF-BB, was effective enough to enhance postischemic revascularization in immunodeficient mice with critical limb ischemia (CLI). However, the rate of incorporation of hESC-derived SSEA-1+/MesP1+ cells and their derivatives in ischemic tissues was modest. Alternatively, these cells possessed a unique miR-21 signature that inhibited phosphotase and tensin homolog (PTEN) thereby activating HIF-1α and the systemic release of VEGF-A. Targeting miR-21 limited cell survival and inhibited their proangiogenic capacities both in the Matrigel model and in mice with CLI. We next assessed the impact of mR-21 in adult angiogenesis-promoting cells. We observed an impaired postischemic angiogenesis in miR-21-deficient mice. Notably, miR-21 was highly expressed in circulating and infiltrated monocytes where it targeted PTEN/HIF-1α/VEGF-A signaling and cell survival. As a result, miR-21-deficient mice displayed an impaired number of infiltrated monocytes and a defective angiogenic phenotype that could be partially restored by retransplantation of bone marrow-derived cells from wild-type littermates. hESC-derived SSEA-1+/MesP1+ cells progenitor cells are powerful key integrators of therapeutic angiogenesis in ischemic milieu and miR-21 is instrumental in this process as well as in the orchestration of the biological activity of adult angiogenesis-promoting cells. Stem Cells 2014;32:2908–2922
Augmented cystine–glutamate exchange by pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating polypeptide signaling via the VPAC1 receptor
Authors: Resch Jon M. , Albano Rebecca , Liu Xiaoqian , Hjelmhaug Julie , Lobner Doug , Baker David A. , Choi Sujean 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTIn the central nervous system, cystine import in exchange for glutamate through system
is critical for the production of the antioxidant glutathione by astrocytes, as well as the maintenance of extracellular glutamate. Therefore, regulation of system
activity affects multiple aspects of cellular physiology and may contribute to disease states. Pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a neuronally derived peptide that has already been demonstrated to modulate multiple aspects of glutamate signaling suggesting PACAP may also target activity of cystine–glutamate exchange via system
. In this study, 24‐h treatment of primary cortical cultures containing neurons and glia with PACAP concentration‐dependently increased system
function as measured by radiolabeled cystine uptake. Furthermore, the increase in cystine uptake was completely abolished by the system
inhibitor, (S)‐4‐carboxyphenylglycine (CPG), attributing increases in cystine uptake specifically to system
activity. Time course and quantitative PCR results indicate that PACAP signaling may increase cystine–glutamate exchange by increasing expression of xCT, the catalytic subunit of system
. Furthermore, the potentiation of system
activity by PACAP occurs via a PKA‐dependent pathway that is not mediated by the PAC1R, but rather the shared vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor VPAC1R. Finally, assessment of neuronal, astrocytic, and microglial‐enriched cultures demonstrated that only astrocyte‐enriched cultures exhibit enhanced cystine uptake following both PACAP and VIP treatment. These data introduce a novel mechanism by which both PACAP and VIP regulate system
activity. Synapse 68:604–612, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reactivity and Mass Transfer of Low‐Dimensional Catalysts
Authors: Weissenrieder Jonas , Gustafson Johan , Stacchiola Dario 
Published: July 2014

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanisms governing chemical and morphological changes induced by an ambient‐pressure gas and how such changes influence the activity of heterogeneous catalysts is central to the formation of a predictive capability for structure–reactivity relationships. With techniques such as ambient‐pressure photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, and surface X‐ray diffraction, active phases and reaction intermediates can be probed in situ on relevant samples to form a comprehensive picture of this dynamic interplay between gases and surfaces. Of particular interest is the interaction of oxygen and carbon monoxide with catalysts. We will describe how model systems of increased complexity can be used to investigate gas‐mediated mass transfer processes that may occur even at relatively modest temperatures. Furthermore, we will discuss how the morphology may be tailored to study specific contributions from defect sites and charge transfer to catalytic activity.
Total Synthesis of Oxazolomycins
Authors: Ishihara Jun , Hatakeyama Susumi 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe oxazolomycin family of antibiotics, isolated from several Streptomyces strains, are intriguing molecules for synthesis due to their characteristic oxazole polyene lactam–lactone structures and significant antiviral, antibacterial, and antitumor biological activities. In the last ten years, we have been addressing synthetic problems to accomplish the total syntheses of neooxazolomycin and oxazolomycin A as well as the related antibiotics, inthomycins A, B, and C, which have truncated structures corresponding to the left‐hand fragments. This account describes an overview of our synthetic efforts toward these natural products focusing on the strategies and methodologies we devised.
Direct methods for computing single‐molecule entropies from molecular simulations
Authors: Suárez Dimas , Díaz Natalia 
Published: July 2014

Assessing the actual role of entropic forces in controlling both the stability and activity of flexible molecules and macromolecules is a theoretical challenge that is gradually gaining more attention. The continuous improvements in computational algorithms and in hardware technologies are greatly expanding the sampling capability of molecular simulations, thereby making a direct positive impact on the feasibility and reliability of entropy predictions. However, more sophisticated theoretical approaches are also required in order to make substantial progress in the type and accuracy of entropy calculations. Focusing on the evaluation of the configurational entropy of single molecules, we highlight recent advances in different methodologies including Gaussian parametric approaches, nonparametric methods and normal mode calculations. For the nonparametric methodologies, we analyze more specifically the importance of correlation effects, the various formulations of the expansion approaches, the combination of nonparametric estimations of conformational entropy with normal mode calculations, the convenience of including bias corrections for mitigating the impact of insufficient sampling and, finally, their close relationship with the experimental measures of conformational motion. The overall consideration of these and other aspects shows that addition of the direct entropy methods to the standard palette of tools used in molecular modeling for data analysis and property estimation, will increase both the level of detail of the computer simulations and our understanding of molecular functions. WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2015, 5:1–26. doi: 10.1002/wcms.1195This article is categorized under:

Structure and Mechanism > Molecular Structures
Structure and Mechanism > Computational Biochemistry and Biophysics
Molecular and Statistical Mechanics > Molecular Dynamics and Monte-Carlo Methods
Neutron Diffraction Analysis of NASICON‐type Li1+xAlxTi2–xP3O12
Authors: Dashjav Enkhtsetseg , Tietz Frank 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPowder neutron diffraction analysis was carried out on a sample of Li1+xAlxTi2–xP3O12 at two temperatures, 10 K and 300 K. After heat treatment the material contained small amounts of LiTiOPO4 as impurity. Refinement of the neutron diffraction data confirmed that the main phase crystallized with a NASICON structure. No structural change was observed at low temperature. Al atoms randomly substituted Ti atoms, and additional Li atoms occupied a second site in the crystal structure. A detailed analysis of the diffraction data, including the inspection of Fourier difference maps, indicated that these excess Li+ ions occupied a 6a site within the ion conduction channels of the NASICON‐type structure instead of the formerly reported 18e or 36f sites.
Tuning the Topological Net via the Metal Ion‐Driven Assembly of Two ZnII / CdII Coordination Polymers: Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Luminescent Properties
Authors: Wang Zhaozhi 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe coordination polymers {[Zn2(HIDC)2(tib)]·H2O}n (1) and {[Cd(HIDC)(tib)]·H2O}n (2) [H3IDC = 1H‐imidazole‐4, 5‐dicarboxylic acid, tib = 1, 3,5,‐tris(1‐imidazolyl) benzene] were obtained under hydrothermal conditions. Their structures were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis and further characterized by elemental analysis and IR spectroscopy. Complex 1 exhibits a two‐dimensional layer structure with a 63‐hcb topology. Complex 2 has a three‐dimensional structure with a pcu topology. It is shown that the carboxylate ligand can bear diverse structures regulated by metal ions. Additionally, the photoluminescence behaviors of complexes 1 and 2 are discussed.
Investigation of the Microstructure of Disordered, Non‐graphitic Carbons by an Advanced Analysis Method for Wide‐Angle X‐ray Scattering
Authors: Faber Kristin , Badaczewski Felix , Ruland Wilhelm , Smarsly Bernd M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe analysis of the wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS) data of non‐graphitic carbons is challenging due to the broad and overlapped (hk)‐ and (00l)‐reflections. A recently developed advanced analysis method developed by Ruland and Smarsly allows for the fitting of the WAXS data by a continuous model function, providing a detailed insight into the sp2‐carbon microstructure. Obtaining parameters like the graphene layer extent La, the average stack height Lc and disorder effects permits the quantification of microstructural features. Firstly, this publication gives a brief review over historical und recent developments regarding the evaluation of the WAXS of disordered carbons. Secondly, the applicability of this algorithm to carbon samples possessing a substantial degree of disorder is tested by investigating activated carbons, heat treated coal tar pitch and furfuryl alcohol. It is seen that several structural parameters are determined with reasonable accuracy and thereby the influence of the precursor and the temperature on the resulting carbon microstructure is identified. The decrease in disorder within the 2D graphene lattice and in the stacking of the layers at higher synthesis temperatures is quantified. Moreover, this study reveals that the graphene layer extent La is only about a few nanometers in size, showing that typical non‐graphitic carbons used for diverse applications possess quite small dimensions of graphene stacks.
Evaluation of glycogen storage disease as a cause of ketotic hypoglycemia in children
Authors: Brown Laurie M. , Corrado Michelle M. , van der Ende Rixt M. , Derks Terry G. J. , Chen Margaret A. , Siegel Sara , Hoyt Kate , Correia Catherine E. , Lumpkin Christopher , Flanagan Theresa B. , Carreras Caroline T. , Weinstein David A. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIntroductionKetone formation is a normal response when hypoglycemia occurs. Since the majority of children with recurrent hypoglycemia cannot be diagnosed with a known endocrine or metabolic disorder on a critical sample, ketotic hypoglycemia has been described as the most common cause of low blood glucose concentrations in children. Critical samples, however, will miss the ketotic forms of glycogen storage disease (GSD), which present with elevated ketones, hypoglycemia, and normal hormonal concentrations.ResultsA total of 164 children (96 boys, 68 girls) were enrolled in the study. Prediction of pathogenicity of DNA changes using computer modeling confirmed pathology in 20 individuals [four GSD 0, two GSD VI, 12 GSD IX alpha, one GSD IX beta, one GSD IX gamma] (12 %). Boys were most likely to have changes in the PHKA2 gene, consistent with GSD IX alpha, an X‐linked disorder.ConclusionsMutations in genes involved in glycogen synthesis and degradation were commonly found in children with idiopathic ketotic hypoglycemia. GSD IX is likely an unappreciated cause of ketotic hypoglycemia in children, while GSD 0 and VI are relatively uncommon. GSD IX alpha should particularly be considered in boys with unexplained hypoglycemia.
Geometric morphometric analysis of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium borellii (Decapoda: Palaemonidae) at a microgeographical scale in a floodplain system
Authors: Torres María Victoria , Giri Federico , Collins Pablo Agustín 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMorphometric studies are useful for delineating the shapes of various populations and species over geographical ranges and as evidence of regional differences in crustaceans. Hydrological fluctuations in a floodplain system modulate the dispersal and presence of decapods among habitats and constitute an important macrofactor that regulate other environmental variables and which could explain the richness, distribution and abundance of organisms that live in these systems. Morphological variations among populations of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium borellii in a floodplain system at a microgeographical scale were studied using geometric morphometrics. Carapace structure was represented using 16 digitised landmarks. Allometry and sexual dimorphism was tested. Variation in shape was explored via Principal Component Analysis. Canonical Variate Analyses was applied to compare the differences in shape between species’ populations. The correlations and covariations among shapes and hydrometric level, current velocity, geographical location and hydrologic distances were analysed. The average carapace shape was different between sexes in all sites. Populations that were near each other in terms of hydrological distance had similar shapes, but all of the populations differed in shape from the farthest population. The environmental variables were not good predictors of the carapace shape. Instead, the shape was strongly related to the hydrologic distance and geographical location. The swimming characteristics of these prawns and their passive movements, together with the dynamics of a floodplain system, explain the low morphological variation between populations in this study. The dynamic characteristics of the system influence the dispersal of the prawns and allow populations to remain connected.
GEODESIC COMPLETENESS FOR SOBOLEV METRICS ON THE SPACE OF IMMERSED PLANE CURVES
Authors: BRUVERIS MARTINS , MICHOR PETER W. , MUMFORD DAVID 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe study properties of Sobolev-type metrics on the space of immersed plane curves. We show that the geodesic equation for Sobolev-type metrics with constant coefficients of order 2 and higher is globally well-posed for smooth initial data as well as for initial data in certain Sobolev spaces. Thus the space of closed plane curves equipped with such a metric is geodesically complete. We find lower bounds for the geodesic distance in terms of curvature and its derivatives.
Progress of the 10 J water-cooled Yb:YAG laser system in RCLF
Authors: Zheng Jian-Gang , Jiang Xin-Ying , Yan Xiong-Wei , Zhang Jun , Wang Zhen-Guo , Wu Deng-Sheng , Tian Xiao-Lin , Zhang Xiong-Jun , Li Ming-Zhong , Zhu Qi-Hua , Su Jing-Qin , Jing Feng , Zheng Wan-Guo 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The high repetition rate 10 J/10 ns Yb:YAG laser system and its key techniques are reported. The amplifiers in this system have a multi-pass V-shape structure and the heat in the amplifiers is removed by means of laminar water flow. In the main amplifier, the laser is four-pass, and an approximately 8.5 J/1 Hz/10 ns output is achieved in the primary test. The far-field of the output beam is approximately 10 times the diffraction limit. Because of the higher levels of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) in the main amplifier, the output energy is lower than expected. At the end we discuss some measures that can improve the properties of the laser system.
Hochster's theta pairing and numerical equivalence
Authors: Dao Hailong , Kurano Kazuhiko 
Published: July 2014

AbstractLet (A, ) be a local hypersurface with an isolated singularity. We show that Hochster's theta pairing θA vanishes on elements that are numerically equivalent to zero in the Grothendieck group of A under the mild assumption that Spec A admits a resolution of singularities. This extends a result by Celikbas-Walker. We also prove that when dimA = 3, Hochster's theta pairing is positive semi-definite. These results combine to show that the counter-example of Dutta-Hochster-McLaughlin to the general vanishing of Serre's intersection multiplicity exists for any three dimensional isolated hypersurface singularity that is not a UFD and has a desingularization. We also show that, if A is three dimensional isolated hypersurface singularity that has a desingularization, the divisor class group is finitely generated torsion-free. Our method involves showing that θA gives a bivariant class for the morphism Spec (A/) → Spec A.
Viscous Marangoni migration of a drop in a Poiseuille flow at low surface Péclet numbers
Authors: Pak On Shun , Feng Jie , Stone Howard A. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe motion of a spherical drop with a bulk-insoluble surfactant immersed in a background flow in the limits of low surface Péclet number and low Reynolds number is investigated. We develop a reciprocal theorem that applies to any prescribed background flow and provide a specific example of an unbounded Poiseuille flow. Analytical formulas for the migration velocity of the drop are obtained perturbatively in powers of the surface Péclet number. We show that the redistribution of surfactant due to the background flow acts to retard the motion of the drop, with the magnitude of this slip velocity being independent of the drop’s position in the Poiseuille flow. Moreover, a surfactant-induced cross-streamline migration of the drop occurs towards the centre of the Poiseuille flow, with its magnitude depending linearly on the distance of the drop from the centre of the Poiseuille flow.
Gene polymorphisms and gene scores linked to low serum carotenoid status and their associations with metabolic disturbance and depressive symptoms in African-American adults
Authors: Beydoun May A. , Nalls Michael A. , Canas J. Atilio , Evans Michele K. , Zonderman Alan B. 
Published: July 2014

Gene polymorphisms provide a means to obtain unconfounded associations between carotenoids and various health outcomes. In the present study, we tested whether gene polymorphisms and gene scores linked to low serum carotenoid status are related to metabolic disturbance and depressive symptoms in African-American adults residing in Baltimore city, MD, using cross-sectional data from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span study (age range 30–64 years,n873–994). We examined twenty-four SNP of various gene loci that were previously shown to be associated with low serum carotenoid status (SNPlcar). Gene risk scores were created: five low specific-carotenoid risk scores (LSCRS: α-carotene, β-carotene, lutein+zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin and lycopene) and one low total-carotenoid risk score (LTCRS: total carotenoids). SNPlcar, LSCRS and LTCRS were entered as predictors for a number of health outcomes. These included obesity, National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III metabolic syndrome and its components, elevated homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, C-reactive protein, hyperuricaemia and elevated depressive symptoms (EDS, Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression score ≥ 16). Among the key findings, SNPlcar were not associated with the main outcomes after correction for multiple testing. However, an inverse association was found between the LTCRS and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) dyslipidaemia. Specifically, the α-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin LSCRS were associated with a lower odds of HDL-C dyslipidaemia. However, the β-cryptoxanthin LSCRS was linked to a higher odds of EDS, with a linear dose–response relationship. In summary, gene risk scores linked to low serum carotenoids had mixed effects on HDL-C dyslipidaemia and EDS. Further studies using larger African-American population samples are needed.