bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytologic characterization of atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor in cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Huang Eric C. , Guzman Miguel A. , De Girolami Umberto , Cibas Edmund S. 
Published: August 2014

BACKGROUNDAtypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) is a rare and highly aggressive intracranial malignancy with a predilection to spread along the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pathways. To the authors' knowledge, the cytopathologic characteristics of this tumor have not been extensively studied in CSF. Herein the authors report CSF cytomorphology from a series of patients with histologically documented AT/RT.METHODSA retrospective review of 40 malignant CSF specimens from 10 patients with histologically confirmed AT/RT was conducted. All the patients were female and ranged in age from 0.8 to 19.6 years at the time of the initial diagnosis (median age, 1.3 years). Cytospin preparations were reviewed. In the majority of cases, at least 2 slides were prepared with the Wright‐Giemsa and/or Papanicolaou stains.RESULTSThe CSF samples were predominantly moderately to highly cellular (80%). The 3 most common features were eccentrically placed nuclei (72.5%), prominent nucleoli (70%), and large tumor cells (67.5%). Two principal malignant cell types were noted; the most striking and recognizable form was a large, usually rhabdoid cell with an eccentrically placed nucleus, prominent nucleolus, and abundant cytoplasm, which was observed in 47.5% of the cases. The second type had a small cell appearance and was noted in 57.5% of the cases. Both large rhabdoid and small malignant cells were reported in 25% of the cases.CONCLUSIONSA significant percentage of CSF AT/RT cases consist of only the small cell component, without the characteristic large rhabdoid cells. Familiarity with this pattern of spread is imperative in differentiating AT/RT from other small cell malignancies such as medulloblastoma, because the clinical behavior and therapeutic regimens differ. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2014;122:903–908. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Regional and age‐related differences in GAD67 expression of parvalbumin‐ and calbindin‐expressing neurons in the rhesus macaque auditory midbrain and brainstem
Authors: Gray D.T. , Engle J.R. , Rudolph M.L. , Recanzone G.H. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTNeurons expressing the calcium binding proteins (CaBPs) parvalbumin (PV) and calbindin (CB) have shown age‐related density changes throughout the ascending auditory system of both rodents and macaque monkeys. In the cerebral cortex, neurons expressing these CaBPs express markers of γ‐aminobutyric acidergic neurotransmission, such as GAD67, and have well‐understood physiological response properties. Recent evidence suggests that, in the rodent auditory brainstem, CaBP‐containing cells do not express GAD67. It is unknown whether PV‐ and CB‐containing cells in subcortical auditory structures of macaques similarly do not express GAD67, and a better understanding of the neurotransmission of neurons expressing these proteins is necessary for understanding the age‐related changes in their density throughout the macaque auditory system. This was investigated with immunofluorescent double‐labeling techniques to coregister PV‐ and CB‐expressing neurons with GAD67 in the superior olivary complex and the inferior colliculus of young and aged rhesus macaques. The proportions of GAD67‐expressing PV‐ and CB‐positive neurons were computed with unbiased sampling techniques. Our results indicate that between 42% and 62% of PV‐ and CB‐positive neurons in the auditory brainstem and midbrain express GAD67, which is significantly less than in the cerebrum. In general, fewer PV+ neurons and more CB+ neurons expressed GAD67 as a function of age. These results demonstrate that the inhibitory molecular profile of PV‐ and CB‐expressing neurons can change with age in subcortical auditory structures and that these neurons are distinct from the well‐described inhibitory interneurons that express these proteins in the cerebral cortex. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:4074–4084, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Atomic Layer Deposition of Transparent VOx Thin Films for Resistive Switching Applications
Authors: Singh Trilok , Wang Shuangzhou , Aslam Nabeel , Zhang Hehe , Hoffmann‐Eifert Susanne , Mathur Sanjay 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAtomic layer deposition (ALD) offers nearly pinhole‐free, conformal, and with good thickness control, metal oxide nanometric thin films required for next‐generation memory devices. Here we report on the ALD of VOx thin films grown at about 100°C from a vanadium tri‐isopropoxide (VTIP) precursor, with water as the co‐reactant, followed by their post‐growth treatments, for potential applications in resistive switching (RS) devices. As‐grown VOx films are amorphous, and transform into polycrystalline layers upon annealing. Capacitor structures fabricated from amorphous VOx films show current‐voltage (I‐V) characteristics, interesting for RS applications. Depending on the electroforming conditions, bipolar‐type memory switching with a resistance ratio ROFF/RON > 103 is obtained, as well as a combination of memory and threshold switching. The latter is attractive for its highly non‐linear I‐V characteristics, which is attributed to the temperature‐induced insulator‐to‐metal transition (IMT) in vanadium dioxide.
Neonatal handling: An overview of the positive and negative effects
Authors: Raineki Charlis , Lucion Aldo B. , Weinberg Joanne 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTAs one of the first rodent models designed to investigate the effects of early‐life experiences, the neonatal handling paradigm has helped us better understand how subtle changes in the infant environment can powerfully drive neurodevelopment of the immature brain in typical or atypical trajectories. Here, we review data from more than 50 years demonstrating the compelling effects of neonatal handling on behavior, physiology, and neural function across the lifespan. Moreover, we present data that challenge the classical view of neonatal handling as an animal model that results only in positive/beneficial outcomes. Indeed, the overall goal of this review is to offer the suggestion that the effects of early‐life experiences—including neonatal handling—are nuanced rather than unidirectional. Both beneficial and negative outcomes may occur, depending on the parameters of testing, sex of the subject, and neurobehavioral system analyzed. © 2014Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 1613–1625, 2014.
Partner distress in the context of adult anorexia nervosa: The role of patients' perceived negative consequences of AN and partner behaviors
Authors: Fischer Melanie S. , Baucom Donald H. , Kirby Jennifer S. , Bulik Cynthia M. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveRomantic partners can play an important role in the recovery from anorexia nervosa (AN). It is important to understand partners' behaviors and variables associated with their own distress. The aim was to examine associations of patients' perceived negative consequences of AN, behavioral strategies employed by partners, and partner distress.MethodWe used a cross‐sectional design to assess associations between self‐reports of patients' perceived negative consequences of AN, partners' caregiver distress, negative affect, relationship satisfaction, and observational coding measures of partners' behavioral strategies of change promotion and acceptance/validation. Sixteen adult patient‐partner dyads in committed relationships were assessed at baseline of a couple‐based intervention for AN.ResultsPartners' change promotion moderated the association between patients' perceived negative consequences of AN and partners' caregiver distress. Partners' acceptance/validation was associated with partners' negative affect.DiscussionThis report represents the first description of specific partner behaviors in the context of AN. Partners who reported the least distress were those who were trying to promote changes in AN behaviors in patients who reported high negative consequences of AN, and partners who were trying to show understanding of the patients' experience. Future studies should examine the impact of partner behaviors on AN treatment outcome. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:67–71)
pH sensitivity of carbon dioxide conversion catalyzed by isocitrate dehydrogenase
Authors: Xia Shunxiang , Wang Ping , Kim Jungbae 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBiological conversion of carbon dioxide has been examined with growing interest in recent years for its potential in reduction of greenhouse gas emission. While many conversion routes have been suggested and demonstrated, understanding the constraints and limits of such reaction routes, either in vivo or in vitro, is becoming increasingly important. The current work examines the pH sensitivity of the reaction catalyzed by isocitrate dehydrogenase with respect to its potentials in carbon capture and conversion via both experimental measurements and theoretical analysis. As a result, the reaction equilibrium constant determined experimentally shifted by a factor of ∼500‐fold when pH changed between 5 and 9. Thermodynamic analysis agreed well with such a pH sensitivity, indicating the impact of pH on Gibbs free energy of the species involved in the reaction helped to shift the reaction equilibrium.
A systematic review of interventions to detect dementia or cognitive impairment
Authors: Mukadam Naaheed , Cooper Claudia , Kherani Nishin , Livingston Gill 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundMemory services have been implemented nationally to increase early dementia diagnosis, and further evaluation of their impact and other strategies to increase timely dementia diagnosis are needed.AimsTo systematically review the literature for interventions intended to increase the detection of dementia or suspected dementia or people presenting with memory complaints.MethodWe searched electronic databases, hand searched references and contacted authors of included papers, contacted field experts and UK charities and councils for data about their dementia awareness programmes.ResultsWe included 13 studies, of which four were randomised controlled trials (RCT). Two RCTs found that general practitioner (GP) education increased suspected dementia cases. One RCT found up to six home visits from a specialist geriatric nurse over 30 months increased the rate of accurately diagnosed dementia. There was preliminary evidence from non‐randomised studies that memory clinics increase timely diagnosis, but no evidence they increase the overall diagnosis rate.ConclusionsThere is good quality evidence that GP education increases the number of suspected dementia cases but not accurate or earlier dementia diagnoses. One RCT reported that multiple visits from a trained nurse increase the diagnosis rate. There is no cost effectiveness evidence. Our findings suggest good quality RCTs are needed to test the effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of interventions to increase dementia detection. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A randomised, double‐blind study in adults with major depressive disorder with an inadequate response to a single course of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor or serotonin–noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor treatment switched to vortioxetine or agomelatine
Authors: Montgomery Stuart A. , Nielsen Rebecca Z. , Poulsen Lis H. , Häggström Lars 
Published: August 2014

ObjectiveThis randomised, double‐blind, 12‐week study compared efficacy and tolerability of flexible‐dose treatment with vortioxetine (10–20 mg/day) versus agomelatine (25–50 mg/day) in major depressive disorder patients with inadequate response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)/serotonin–noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) monotherapy.MethodsPatients were switched directly from SSRI/SNRI to vortioxetine or agomelatine. Primary endpoint was change from baseline to week 8 in the Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) total score analysed by mixed model for repeated measurements, using a noninferiority test followed by a superiority test. Secondary endpoints included response and remission rates, anxiety symptoms (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale), Clinical Global Impression, overall functioning (Sheehan Disability Scale), health‐related quality of life (EuroQol 5 Dimensions), productivity (work limitation questionnaire) and family functioning (Depression and Family Functioning Scale).ResultsPrimary endpoint noninferiority was established and vortioxetine (n = 252) was superior to agomelatine (n = 241) by 2.2 MADRS points (p < 0.01). Vortioxetine was also significantly superior in response and remission rates at weeks 8 and 12; MADRS, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, Clinical Global Impression, Sheehan Disability Scale and EuroQol 5 Dimensions scores at week 4 onwards; work limitation questionnaire at week 8 and Depression and Family Functioning Scale at weeks 8 and 12. Fewer patients withdrew because of adverse events with vortioxetine (5.9% vs 9.5%). Adverse events (incidence ≥5%) were nausea, headache, dizziness and somnolence.ConclusionsVortioxetine was noninferior and significantly superior to agomelatine in major depressive disorder patients with previous inadequate response to a single course of SSRI/SNRI monotherapy. Vortioxetine was safe and well tolerated. © 2014 The Authors. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Critical review of public health regulations of titanium dioxide, a human food additive
Authors: Jovanović Boris 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
From 1916 to 2011, an estimated total of 165 050 000 metric tons of titanium dioxide (TiO2) pigment were produced worldwide. Current safety regulations on the usage of the TiO2 pigment as an inactive ingredient additive in human food are based on legislation from 1969 and are arguably outdated. This article compiles new research results to provide fresh data for potential risk reassessment. However, even after 45 years, few scientific research reports have provided truly reliable data. For example, administration of very high doses of TiO2 is not relevant to daily human uptake. Nevertheless, because dose makes the poison, the literature provides a valuable source for understanding potential TiO2 toxicity after oral ingestion. Numerous scientific articles have observed that TiO2 can pass and be absorbed by the mammalian gastrointestinal tract; can bioconcentrate, bioaccumulate, and biomagnify in the tissues of mammals and other vertebrates; has a very limited elimination rate; and can cause histopathological and physiological changes in various organs of animals. Such action is contrary to the 1969 decision to approve the use of TiO2 as an inactive ingredient in human food without an established acceptable daily intake, stating that neither significant absorption nor tissue storage following ingestion of TiO2 was possible. Thus, relevant governmental agencies should reassess the safety of TiO2 as an additive in human food and consider establishing an acceptable maximum daily intake as a precautionary measure. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2015;11:10–20. © 2014 The Author. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
Key Points
During the period 1916-2011 a total of 165,050,000 metric tonnes of titanium dioxide pigment have been produced worldwide Current safety regulations on the usage of TiO2 pigment as an inactive ingredient additive in the human food are based on legislation from 1969 and are arguably outdated. Numerous scientific papers point that TiO2 can pass and be absorbed by the mammalian gastrointestinal tract; can bioconcentrate, bioaccumulate, and biomagnify in the tissues of mammals and other vertebrates; has a very limited elimination rate; and can cause histopathological and physiological changes in various organs of animals. Reassessment on the safety of TiO2 as an additive in human food should be immediately performed by relevant government agencies.
Tissue‐specific insulin signaling in the regulation of metabolism and aging
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Liu Feng 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn mammals, insulin signaling regulates glucose homeostasis and plays an essential role in metabolism, organ growth, development, fertility, and lifespan. The defects in this signaling pathway contribute to various metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, polycystic ovarian disease, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and atherosclerosis. However, reducing the insulin signaling pathway has been found to increase longevity and delay the aging‐associated diseases in various animals, ranging from nematodes to mice. These seemly paradoxical findings raise an interesting question as to how modulation of the insulin signaling pathway could be an effective approach to improve metabolism and aging. In this review, we summarize current understanding on tissue‐specific functions of insulin signaling in the regulation of metabolism and lifespan. We also discuss the potential benefits and limitations in modulating tissue‐specific insulin signaling pathway to improve metabolism and healthspan. © 2014 IUBMB Life, 66(7):485–495, 2014
Systemic drugs inducing non‐immediate cutaneous adverse reactions and contact sensitizers evoke similar responses in THP‐1 cells
Authors: Gonçalo Margarida , Martins João , Silva Ana , Neves Bruno , Figueiredo Américo , Cruz Teresa , Lopes Celeste 
Published: August 2014

AbstractContact sensitizers induce phenotypic and functional changes in dendritic cells (DC) that enhance their antigen‐presenting capacity and, ultimately, modulate the T cell response. To evaluate if there is a similar effect of drugs causing T‐cell‐mediated cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADR), we studied the in vitro effect of drugs on THP‐1 cells, a cell line widely used to evaluate the early molecular and cellular events triggered by contact sensitizers. The effect of allopurinol, oxypurinol, ampicillin, amoxicillin, carbamazepine and sodium valproate, at EC30 concentrations, was evaluated on p38 MAPK activation, by Western Blot, and on the expression of genes coding for DC maturation markers, pro‐inflammatory cytokine/chemokines and hemeoxygenase 1 (HMOX1), by real‐time RT‐PCR. Results were compared with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a DC maturation stimulus, and the strong contact sensitizer, 1‐fluoro‐2,4‐dinitrobenzene (DNFB). All drugs studied significantly upregulated HMOX1 gene transcription and all, except the anticonvulsants, also upregulated IL8. Allopurinol and oxypurinol showed the most intense effect, in a magnitude similar to DNFB and superior to betalactams. Transcription of CD40, IL12B and CXCL10 genes by drugs was more irregular. Moreover, like DNFB, all drugs activated p38 MAPK, although significantly only for oxypurinol. Like contact sensitizers, drugs that cause non‐immediate CADR activate THP‐1 cells in vitro, using different signalling pathways and affecting gene transcription with an intensity that may reflect the frequency and severity of the CADR they cause. Direct activation of antigen‐presenting DC by systemic drugs may be an important early step in the pathophysiology of non‐immediate CADR. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protective role of L‐ascorbic acid, N‐acetylcysteine and apocynin on neomycin‐induced hair cell loss in Zebrafish
Authors: Wu Chia‐Yen , Lee Han‐Jung , Liu Chi‐Fang , Korivi Mallikarjuna , Chen Hwei‐Hsien , Chan Ming‐Huan 
Published: August 2014

AbstractHair cells are highly sensitive to environmental insults and other therapeutic drugs. The adverse effects of drugs such as aminoglycosides can cause hair cell death and lead to hearing loss and imbalance. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the protective activity of L‐ascorbic acid, N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) and apocynin on neomycin‐induced hair cell damage in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae at 5 days post fertilization (dpf). Results showed that the loss of hair cells within the neuromasts of the lateral lines after neomycin exposure was evidenced by a significantly lower number of neuromasts labeled with fluorescent dye FM1‐43FX observed under a microscope. Co‐administration with L‐ascorbic acid, NAC and apocynin protected neomycin‐induced hair cell loss within the neuromasts. Moreover, these three compounds reduced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in neuromasts exposed to neomycin, indicating that their antioxidant action is involved. In contrast, the neuromasts were labeled with specific fluorescent dye Texas‐red conjugated with neomycin to detect neomycin uptake. Interestingly, the uptake of neomycin into hair cells was not influenced by these three antioxidant compounds. These data imply that prevention of hair cell damage against neomycin by L‐ascorbic acid, NAC and apocynin might be associated with inhibition of excessive ROS production, but not related to modulating neomycin uptake. Our findings conclude that L‐ascorbic acid, NAC and apocynin could be used as therapeutic drugs to protect aminoglycoside‐induced listening impairment after further confirmatory studies. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
International Survey on Technical Aspects of Laparoscopic Liver resection: a web‐based study on the global diffusion of laparoscopic liver surgery prior to the 2nd International Consensus Conference on Laparoscopic Liver Resection in Iwate, Japan
Authors: Hibi Taizo , Cherqui Daniel , Geller David A. , Itano Osamu , Kitagawa Yuko , Wakabayashi Go 
Published: August 2014

Abstract The technique of laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) has been greatly improved since the first international consensus conference. Our aim was to evaluate the worldwide spread of LLR prior to the 2nd International Consensus Conference on Laparoscopic Liver Resection in Iwate, Japan (4–6 October 2014). The International Survey on Technical Aspects of Laparoscopic Liver resection was designed to assess dissemination of LLR, indications, and the surgical techniques. The anonymous questionnaire was e‐mailed to liver surgeons worldwide. A total of 448 liver surgeons responded to the survey. The peak age range of surgeons performing LLR was 41–50 years. Japan had by far the largest number of respondents (n = 223), followed by the US (n = 38) and France (n = 20). In Japan, the majority of surgeons performing LLR belonged to community hospitals, where LLR has been increasingly used since its implementation in 2009 or later, comprising up to 40% of all liver resection cases. In contrast, in North America and Europe, LLR was mostly performed at academic medical centers. LLR has undergone global dissemination after the first international consensus conference in 2008. Japan has experienced unparalleled, explosive diffusion characterized by the adoption of LLR at middle‐tier, regional institutions.
Rapid flooding of the southern Vietnam shelf during the early to mid‐Holocene
Authors: TJALLINGII RIK , STATTEGGER KARL , STOCCHI PAOLO , SAITO YOSHIKI , WETZEL ANDREAS 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTA new sea‐level record derived from coastal deposits of the South Vietnam shelf covers the deglacial sea‐level history between 13.0 and 9.0 ka BP. This record reveals a relatively constant rate of sea‐level rise and matches well with model results based on the RSES‐ANU global ice‐sheet model. However, the sea‐level observations reveal a significant discrepancy with model results based on the ICE‐5G global ice‐sheet model, which further questions the existence of Meltwater Pulse 1B The incised‐valley deposits of the South Vietnam shelf also complete the deglacial coastal evolution of southern Vietnam. The regional sea‐level records of the South Vietnam shelf, the Mekong Delta and the Cambodian lowlands reveal an offset of about 18 m between 9.0 and 8.2 ka BP. The shoreline retreat of more than 200 km related to this offset was mainly caused by the differential hydro‐isostatic adjustment between the South Vietnam shelf and the Cambodian lowlands. However, the GIA‐model results cannot fully explain this fast relative sea‐level rise due to the topographic changes and, possibly, alternative melt‐water sources not accounted for in the current models.