bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
North‐West European MIS 11 malacological successions: a framework for the timing of Acheulean settlements
Authors: Limondin‐Lozouet N. , Antoine P. , Bahain J.‐J. , Cliquet D. , Coutard S. , Dabkowski J. , Ghaleb B. , Locht J.‐L. , Nicoud E. , Voinchet P. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTApart from a few lacustrine sequences, in North‐West Europe the Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 11 interglacial is mainly represented in fluvial sequences and is particularly well preserved in calcareous tufa formations. These are favourable for the preservation of a range of fossil groups and several of them have yielded artefacts of Acheulean affinity. Molluscan shells are the most abundant proxy, occurring throughout these calcareous deposits. They provide a valuable means for reconstructing the palaeoenvironments contemporaneous with human occupation, allowing direct comparisons between sites. The La Celle tufa (northern France) provides the longest malacological succession, which allows a detailed reconstruction of the development of forest cover. Successive arrivals of forest species, first from an Atlantic corridor and later from central and southern European routeways, allow characterization of vegetational development. The initial immigrants indicate the spread of closed habitats, while a peak in the diversity of thermophilous snails corresponds to the optimum phase of deciduous forest expansion. A subsequent decrease in forest molluscs, together with expansion of hygrophilous species, indicates the decline of closed canopy conditions. The occurrence of critical forest species, especially those now extinct or occurring far beyond their modern ranges, provides a framework within which associated Acheulean industries can be set.
Influence of the atmosphere on organic–organic interfacial layers and deterioration in organic light‐emitting diodes
Authors: Nakamura Hirofumi , Noh Seong‐Hee , Kuribayashi Miki , Adachi Chihaya 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe influence of organic–organic interfacial contaminants and deterioration in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) was investigated. There was deterioration of the device characteristics when atmospheric contamination was introduced to the emission site. We simultaneously observed a decrease of the maximum capacitance, Cmax, of the OLEDs, implying that there was charge accumulation at the interface. Our study demonstrates that maintaining the interface adjacent to emission site free from contaminants is crucial to protect the device from deterioration.
Sediment in Alluvial and Lacustrine Debris Fans as an Indicator for Land Degradation Around Lake Ashenge (Ethiopia)
Authors: Lanckriet Sil , Asfaha Tesfaalem , Frankl Amaury , Zenebe Amanuel , Nyssen Jan 
Published: August 2015

AbstractSediments deposited by (paleo) flash floods can hold valuable information on processes of environmental change, land degradation or desertification. In order to assess the suitability of flash flood deposits as proxies for land degradation, we monitored a representative gully segment in North Ethiopia (Ashenge catchment), investigated a sequence of alluvial debris fans downstream of this segment and dated a neighbouring subaquatic debris fan using short‐lived 210Pb isotope counting. During one rainy season (July–September 2014), we measured daily rainfall, peak discharge, bedload transport, suspended sediment load and sediment deposition rates. The data show that sediment deposition in the debris fans is significantly dependent on micro‐topography (net incision in micro‐channels) (p < 0·1) and position within the sequence (net incision farther away from the lake) (p < 0·05). As sediment transfer to the lake significantly depends on the balance between available water and sediment (ratio rainfall depth/bedload transport) (p < 0·05), we could reconstruct the hydro‐sedimentary evolution of the gully over the past half century and validate it with aerial photographs and semi‐structured interviews. The findings are consistent with the short‐lived isotope count results, indicating increased sediment supply from the 1970s onwards, when little amounts of clay were deposited in the lake (<5%), and a subrecent clear water effect that resulted in increased deposition rates of clay in the lacustrine debris fan. Overall, our analysis indicates that debris fan sediments can be used to estimate past environmental degradation rates, if the contemporary water and sediment behaviour is well understood. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Biophysical and Economic Assessment of a Community‐based Rehabilitated Gully in the Ethiopian Highlands
Authors: Ayele Getaneh K. , Gessess Azalu A. , Addisie Meseret B. , Tilahun Seifu A. , Tebebu Tigist Y. , Tenessa Daregot B. , Langendoen Eddy J. , Nicholson Charles F. , Steenhuis Tammo S. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractGully erosion reduces agricultural productivity by destroying valuable land resources, increases sediment concentrations, reduces water quality, and fills up reservoirs. Gully rehabilitation has proven to be challenging especially in the high‐rainfall areas of the Ethiopian Highlands and has therefore had limited success. This paper describes a successful low‐cost gully rehabilitation effort with community participation in the Birr watershed in the Blue Nile basin that begun in early 2013. Initially, farmers were reluctant to participate for religious reasons, but with the aid of local priests and respected elders, community discussions, and a visit to a rehabilitated gully, a consensus was reached to rehabilitate a 0·71‐ha upland gully. The rehabilitation measures consisted of regrading the gully head at a 45° slope, constructing low‐cost check dams from locally available materials, and planting Pennisetum purpureum grass and Sesbania sesban. At the end of the first post‐implementation rainy season, 2,200 tons of soil was conserved by the constructed check dams and newly planted vegetation, compared with soil losses of 680 and 560 tons in two untreated, nearby gullies. In 2014, an additional 3,100 tons of soil was conserved. In 2013, the marginal rate of return (MRR) on the gully rehabilitation investment was 2·6 based on the value of increased forage production alone. When we include trapped soil nutrient values, the rehabilitation MRR was increased to 10. Although these numbers are impressive, the best proof of the success was that farmers on their own initiative rehabilitated an additional five gullies in 2014. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Building International Sustainable Partnerships in Occupational Therapy: A Case Study
Authors: Tupe Debra Ann , Kern Stephen B. , Salvant Sabrina , Talero Pamela 
Published: August 2015

AbstractOccupational therapy practitioners frequently identify opportunities for international practice. The World Health Organization and the World Federation of Occupational Therapists have encouraged occupational therapists to address transnational issues, social inclusion, and equal access to opportunities grounded in meaningful occupation (WFOT, 2012). This case study describes a partnership between two U.S. schools of occupational therapy and a Cuban community based pediatric clinic. It examines the dynamics that have sustained the partnership despite political, economic, and logistical barriers. The literature is scrutinized to show how this case study fits into other accounts of collaborative international partnerships. Particularly, it investigates structural and institutional conditions that shape international sustainable partnerships. In doing so, we answer the following questions: (1) Under which circumstances do international partnerships emerge and flourish? (2) What structural and institutional conditions shape international sustainable partnerships? And (3) How do partners perceive and experience the bilateral international partnership? It also discusses and illustrates the foundations and development of international partnerships that succeed. Through the use of a case study we illustrate the development of this partnership. Finally, we consider the next steps of this particular sustainable and collaborative international partnership. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Adolescents and Young Adults Treated in Pediatric and Adult Departments in the Nordic Countries
Authors: Wennström Lovisa , Edslev Pernille Wendtland , Abrahamsson Jonas , Nørgaard Jan Maxwell , Fløisand Yngvar , Forestier Erik , Gustafsson Göran , Heldrup Jesper , Hovi Liisa , Jahnukainen Kirsi , Jonsson Olafur Gisli , Lausen Birgitte , Palle Josefine , Zeller Bernward , Holmberg Erik , Juliusson Gunnar , Stockelberg Dick , Hasle Henrik ,   on behalf of the Nordic Society of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology (NOPHO), the Danish Acute Leukemia Group, and the Swedish Acute Myeloid Leukemia Group
Published: August 2015

BackgroundStudies on adolescents and young adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia suggest better results when using pediatric protocols for adult patients, while corresponding data for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are limited.ProcedureWe investigated disease characteristics and outcome for de novo AML patients 10–30 years old treated in pediatric or adult departments. We included 166 patients 10–18 years of age with AML treated according to the pediatric NOPHO‐protocols (1993–2009) compared with 253 patients aged 15–30 years treated in hematology departments (1996–2009) in the Nordic countries.ResultsThe incidence of AML was 4.9/million/year for the age group 10–14 years, 6.5 for 15–18 years, and 6.9 for 19–30 years. Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) was more frequent in adults and in females of all ages. Pediatric patients with APL had similar overall survival as pediatric patients without APL. Overall survival at 5 years was 60% (52–68%) for pediatric patients compared to 65% (58–70%) for adult patients. Cytogenetics and presenting white blood cell count were the only independent prognostic factors for overall survival. Age was not an independent prognostic factor.ConclusionsNo difference was found in outcome for AML patients age 10–30 years treated according to pediatric as compared to adult protocols. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015; 9999:1–10 © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Financial burden among US households affected by cancer at the end of life
Authors: Cagle John G. , Carr Dawn C. , Hong Seokho , Zimmerman Sheryl 
Published: August 2015

AbstractObjectiveEconomic burden on families coping with end‐stage cancer remains poorly understood. Advanced malignancy threatens financial stability of families, and interventions are needed to buffer them from impoverishment. This study examined the relationship between subjective and objective assessments of financial burden on families (financial strain and stress, respectively) and identified potentially modifiable factors to inform intervention efforts.MethodsUsing national survey data, we analyzed responses from households that had recently experienced a cancer death; 176 of households provided information on financial strain, and 158 provided data on financial stress. In addition to self‐reported appraisals of financial burden, measures assessed elements of the cancer care experience, treatment, symptom burden, work impact, insurance coverage, and demographics.ResultsDespite being well insured, approximately a quarter of respondents reported that the cost of care was a major financial burden, and a third used all or most of their savings. Financial strain and stress were moderately positively correlated (r = 0.46, p < 0.01). Higher financial stress scores were negatively correlated with decedent's age at death (r = −0.34, p < 0.01), and minority respondents (‘other’ race) reported much higher financial stress (M = 4.7; SD = 3.2) than White (M = 0.8; SD = 1.4) or Black (M = 1.6; SD = 2.2) respondents (p < 0.001). Financial burden was also associated with no or limited insurance coverage, changes in employment, severe pain and nausea, and provider interactions during the cancer care experience (e.g., whether the MD paid attention to non‐medical factors or having unanswered questions about medications) (p < 0.05 for all).ConclusionsThe cancer care experience, symptoms, and work impact were associated with financial burden and have important implications for research and practice. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of fatty acid synthase in prostate cancer recurrence: SUV of [11C]acetate PET as a prognostic marker
Authors: Leisser Asha , Pruscha Konstatin , Ubl Philipp , Wadsak Wolfgang , Mayerhöfer Marius , Mitterhauser Markus , Hacker Marcus , Kramer Gero , Shariat Shahrokh , Karanikas Georgios , Hartenbach Markus , Haug Alexander R. 
Published: August 2015

AimHigh levels of fatty acid synthase have shown to correlate with the aggressiveness of prostate cancer. As [11C]acetate exhibits a close correlation with the level of fatty acid synthase, we aimed to assess whether the SUV in [11C]acetate PET serves as a suitable prognostic marker in patients with recurrent prostate cancer.Materials and MethodsIn 123 consecutive patients, examined between 2010 and 2014, the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of local recurrences as well as lymph node and bone metastases was measured. Choosing the spleen as a standard for relatively high physiological uptake, a ratio of tumor to spleen uptake (SUVts) was calculated for standardizing the uptake, too. The corresponding initial Gleason scores (GS) and serum‐PSA levels around the time of the performed PET/CT for each patient were retrospectively collected and PSA doubling together with PSA velocity were determined. For further analysis patients were divided with regard to their initial Gleason score (≤3 + 4 and ≥ 4 + 3). The median of PSA velocity was calculated to separate patients with a high and low PSA velocity and Mann–Whitney U or Student's t‐test were used, testing for significant differences. For correlation Spearmen‐Rho test was used.ResultsPET was positive for recurrence in 82/123 patients. PSA was significantly higher in PET‐positive than in negative patients (5.9 vs. 3.2 ng/ml; P = 0.006). Initial Gleason score did not differ in PET negative and positive patients (P = 0.3), whereas PSA velocity was markedly higher in PET positive patients (0.4 vs. 0.1 ng/ml/month; P = 0.01). Median SUVmax of PET positive patients was 5.23 (mean 5.78; range 0.9–16.8) and meadian SUVts was 0.78 (mean 0.84, range 0.14–2.50). SUVts was significantly higher in patients with high PSA velocity (SUVts 0.76 vs. 0.92; P = 0.009), whereas SUVmax failed statistical significance (5.4 vs. 6.3 ng/ml/month; P = 0.08). Patients with a high SUVmax proved to have a significantly higher median Gleason score compared to low uptake 8.0 vs. 7.0; P = 0.004). Vice versa both SUVmax (GS 6: 5.0; GS 7: 5.6; GS 8: 5.7; GS 9: 6.5; r = 0.30, P = 0.008) and SUVts (GS 6: 0.63; GS 7: 0.68; GS 8: 0.85; GS 9: 0.89; r = 0.30, P = 0.006) significantly correlated with Gleason score. Patients with a Gleason score ≤ 3 + 4 had a significantly lower SUVmax (4.8 vs. 5.7; P = 0.02) and SUVts (0.67 vs. 0.85; P = 0.02) as compared to a Gleason score ≥ 4 + 3.Conclusion[11C]acetate uptake demonstrated to correlate with initial Gleason score. Furthermore, patients with a high PSA velocity proved to have higher [11C]acetate uptake in tumor lesions. Prostate 75:1760–1767, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Theory and Practice of Lineage Tracing
Authors: Hsu Ya-Chieh 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Lineage tracing is a method that delineates all progeny produced by a single cell or a group of cells. The possibility of performing lineage tracing initiated the field of Developmental Biology and continues to revolutionize Stem Cell Biology. Here, I introduce the principles behind a successful lineage-tracing experiment. In addition, I summarize and compare different methods for conducting lineage tracing and provide examples of how these strategies can be implemented to answer fundamental questions in development and regeneration. The advantages and limitations of each method are also discussed. Stem Cells 2015;33:3197–3204
More Trees, More Poverty? The Socioeconomic Effects of Tree Plantations in Chile, 2001–2011
Authors: Andersson Krister , Lawrence Duncan , Zavaleta Jennifer , Guariguata Manuel R. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Tree plantations play a controversial role in many nations’ efforts to balance goals for economic development, ecological conservation, and social justice. This paper seeks to contribute to this debate by analyzing the socioeconomic impact of such plantations. We focus our study on Chile, a country that has experienced extraordinary growth of industrial tree plantations. Our analysis draws on a unique dataset with longitudinal observations collected in 180 municipal territories during 2001–2011. Employing panel data regression techniques, we find that growth in plantation area is associated with higher than average rates of poverty during this period.
Lead extraction using a laser system: Techniques, efficacy, and limitations
Authors: Okamura Hideo 
Published: August 2015

AbstractTransvenous lead extraction is becoming popular in Japan since the approval of laser extraction system in 2010. The laser system seems to be the standard method used by most physicians, owing to its efficacy and ease of handling. The efficacy and safety of this technology has been well proven in many studies and the data suggest that it can be used for Japanese patients safely. However, lead extraction can cause serious complications. Thus, it is important to learn the limitations as well as the basic techniques and efficacy of this procedure.
Stress, needs, and quality of life of people living with human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS in Taiwan
Authors: Feng Ming‐Chu , Feng Jui‐Ying , Yu Chien‐Tai , Chen Li‐Hua , Yang Pei‐Hsuan , Shih Chung‐Ching , Lu Po‐Liang 
Published: August 2015

AbstractHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS is a manageable infectious disease by the effectiveness of highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS‐related stigma and conflict may create distress and deteriorate quality of life (QoL) of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). This cross‐sectional, descriptive, correlational study using structural questionnaires aimed to explore the stress, needs, QoL, and associated factors of PLWHA in Taiwan. A total of 200 PLWHA participating in this study needed most on treatment of HIV and prevention of AIDS, and health maintenance. They had worse QoL in physical, psychological, and social domains (all p < 0.001) than the general population. Stress was the most significant predictor (β = −0.25 to −0.54, p < 0.01) for all four domains of QoL. Needs was not significantly associated with QoL. The QoL of PLWHA can be explained by demographics, self‐perception on health, needs, and stress for 25.3–40.7% of variances. No association existed between CD4+ counts and QoL in Taiwanese PLWHA. It is important to recognize the perception of PLWHA on their health status, which is significantly associated with their QoL, besides monitoring their physical indicators of health (CD4+ counts). To recognize the stress and needs that PLWHA experience and to develop intervention programs targeting strategies on HIV disclosure, prevention and health maintenance are crucial for PLWHA's QoL.
Power-law exponent in the transition period of decay in grid turbulence
Authors: Djenidi L. , Kamruzzaman Md. , Antonia R. A. 
Published: August 2015

Hot-wire measurements are carried out in grid-generated turbulence at moderate to low Taylor microscale Reynolds number $Re_{{\it\lambda}}$ to assess the appropriateness of the commonly used power-law decay for the mean turbulent kinetic energy (e.g. $k\sim x^{n}$, with $n\leqslant -1$). It is found that in the region outside the initial and final periods of decay, which we designate a transition region, a power law with a constant exponent $n$ cannot describe adequately the decay of turbulence from its initial to final stages. One is forced to use a family of power laws of the form $x^{n_{i}}$, where $n_{i}$ is a different constant over a portion $i$ of the decay time during the decay period. Accordingly, it is currently not possible to determine whether any grid-generated turbulence reported in the literature decays according to Saffman or Batchelor because the reported data fall in the transition period where $n$ differs from its initial and final values. It is suggested that a power law of the form $k\sim x^{n_{init}+m(x)}$, where $m(x)$ is a continuous function of $x$, could be used to describe the decay from the initial period to the final stage. The present results, which corroborate the numerical simulations of decaying homogeneous isotropic turbulence of Orlandi & Antonia (J. Turbul., vol. 5, 2004, doi:10.1088/1468-5248/5/1/009) and Meldi & Sagaut (J. Turbul., vol. 14, 2013, pp. 24–53), show that the values of $n$ reported in the literature, and which fall in the transition region, have been mistakenly assigned to the initial stage of decay.
Maternal fatty acid desaturase genotype correlates with infant immune responses at 6 months
Authors: Muc Magdalena , Kreiner-Møller Eskil , Larsen Jeppe M. , Birch Sune , Brix Susanne , Bisgaard Hans , Lauritzen Lotte 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBreast milk long-chain PUFA (LCPUFA) have been associated with changes in early life immune responses and may modulate T-cell function in infancy. We studied the effect of maternal fatty acid desaturase (FADS) genotype and breast milk LCPUFA levels on infants’ blood T-cell profiles and ex vivo-produced cytokines after anti-CD3/CD28 stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in 6-month-old infants from the Copenhagen Prospective Study of Asthma in Childhood birth cohort. LCPUFA concentrations of breast milk were assessed at 4 weeks of age, and FADS SNP were determined in both mothers and infants (n 109). In general, breast milk arachidonic acid (AA) levels were inversely correlated with the production of IL-10 (r −0·25; P=0·004), IL-17 (r −0·24; P=0·005), IL-5 (r −0·21; P=0·014) and IL-13 (r −0·17; P=0·047), whereas EPA was positively correlated with the counts of blood regulatory T-cells and cytotoxic T-cells and decreased T-helper cell counts. The minor FADS alleles were associated with lower breast milk AA and EPA, and infants of mothers carrying the minor allele of FADS SNP rs174556 had higher production of IL-10 (r −0·23; P=0·018), IL-17 (r −0·25; P=0·009) and IL-5 (r −0·21; P=0·038) from ex vivo-activated immune cells. We observed no association between T-cell distribution and maternal or infant FADS gene variants. We conclude that increased maternal LCPUFA synthesis and breast milk AA are associated with decreased levels of IL-5, IL-13 (type-2 related), IL-17 (type-17 related) and IL-10 (regulatory immune responses), but not with interferon-γ and TNF-α, which could be due to an effect of the maternal FADS variants on the offspring immune response transferred via breast milk LCPUFA.
Whole-genome amplification: a useful approach to characterize new genes in unculturable protozoan parasites such asBonamia exitiosa
Authors: PRADO-ALVAREZ MARIA , COURALEAU YANN , CHOLLET BRUNO , TOURBIEZ DELPHINE , ARZUL ISABELLE 
Published: August 2015

SUMMARYBonamia exitiosais an intracellular parasite (Haplosporidia) that has been associated with mass mortalities in oyster populations in the Southern hemisphere. This parasite was recently detected in the Northern hemisphere including Europe. Some representatives of theBonamiagenus have not been well categorized yet due to the lack of genomic information. In the present work, we have applied Whole-Genome Amplification (WGA) technique in order to characterize the actin gene in the unculturable protozoanB. exitiosa. This is the first protein coding gene described in this species. Molecular analysis revealed thatB. exitiosaactin is more similar toBonamia ostreaeactin gene-1. Actin phylogeny placed theBonamiasp. infected oysters in the same clade where the herein describedB. exitiosaactin resolved, offering novel information about the classification of the genus. Our results showed that WGA methodology is a promising and valuable technique to be applied to unculturable protozoans whose genomic material is limited.