bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GPER-1 and Estrogen Receptor-β Ligands Modulate Aldosterone Synthesis
Authors: Caroccia Brasilina , Seccia Teresa M. , Campos Abril Gonzalez , Gioco Francesca , Kuppusamy Maniselvan , Ceolotto Giulio , Guerzoni Eugenia , Simonato Francesca , Mareso Sara , Lenzini Livia , Fassina Ambrogio , Rossi Gian Paolo 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Fertile women have lower blood pressure and cardiovascular risk than age-matched men, which suggests that estrogens exert cardiovascular protective effects. However, whether 17 β-estradiol (E2) blunts aldosterone secretion, and thereby affects the gender dimorphism of blood pressure, is unknown. We therefore sought for the estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes in human adrenocortical tissues ex vivo by performing gene and protein expression studies. We also investigated the effect of E2 on aldosterone synthesis and the involved receptors through in vitro functional experiments in the adrenocortical cells HAC15. We found that in the human adrenal cortex and aldosterone-producing adenoma cells, the most expressed ERs were the ERβ and the G protein-coupled receptor-1 (GPER-1), respectively. After selective ERβ blockade, E2 (10 nmol/L) markedly increased both the expression of aldosterone synthase and the production of aldosterone (+5- to 7-fold vs baseline, P &lt; .001). Under the same condition, the GPER-1 receptor agonist 1-[4-(6-bromo-benzo (1, 3)dioxol-5-yl)-3a,4,5,9b-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[c] quinolin-8-yl]-ethanone (G-1) (10 nmol/L) mimicked this effect, which was abrogated by cotreatment with either the GPER-1 receptor antagonist (3aS*,4R*,9bR*)-4-(6-Bro-mo-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3a,4,5,9b-3H-cyclopenta[c]quinoline (G-15), or a selective protein kinase A inhibitor 8-Bromo-2-monobutyryladenosine-3,5-cyclic mono-phosphorothioate, Rp-isomer. Silencing of the ERβ significantly raised aldosterone synthase expression and aldosterone production. Conversely, silencing of the GPER-1 lowered aldosterone synthase gene and protein expression. Moreover, it blunted the stimulatory effect of E2 on aldosterone synthase that was seen during ERβ blockade. These results support the conclusion that in humans, E2 inhibits aldosterone synthesis by acting via ERβ. Pharmacologic disinhibition of ERβ unmasks a potent secretagogue effect of E2 that involves GPER-1 and protein kinase A signaling.
Kinetic Analysis of Inactivation and Enzyme Reaction of Oxygen-Tolerant [NiFe]-Hydrogenase at Direct Electron-Transfer Bioanode
Authors: So Keisei , Kitazumi Yuki , Shirai Osamu , Kurita Kouhei , Nishihara Hirofumi , Higuchi Yoshiki , Kano Kenji 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Membrane-bound [NiFe]-hydrogenase (MBH) from Hydrogenovibrio marinus is an O2-tolerant enzyme and allows direct-electron-transfer (DET) bioelectrocatalysis for H2-oxidation. MBH is a promising bioelectrocatalyst for bioanode of enzymatic H2–O2 biofuel cells. From the practical viewpoint of electricity production, the H2-depletion near the electrode surface and the oxidative and reversible inactivation called “anaerobic inactivation” of [NiFe]-hydrogenases limit the H2-oxidation at high potentials. We have already proposed a gas-diffusion system to avoid inactivation in our previous study. In this research, we have analyzed the kinetics of the electrochemically induced anaerobic inactivation and the DET bioelectrocatalytic reaction of MBH on electrodes. When the inactivation is considered as a competitive inhibition-like reaction, the maximum value of the apparent Michaelis constant reaches 6.5 mM (at Ketjen Black-modified electrode) as analyzed in our kinetic model. Since the value is larger than the saturated H2-concentration in solution (0.74 mM), we conclude that high-speed H2-supply realized by a gas-diffusion electrode is essential to compete with the inactivation. Furthermore, a gas-diffusion bioanode with MBH can eliminate the H2-depletion near the electrode surface and has reached about 10 mA cm−2 at 0 V (vs. Ag|AgCl|sat. KCl electrode) under quiescent (passive) and H2-atmospheric conditions.
Polyploid evolution, intercontinental biogeographical relationships and morphology of the recently described African oat genus Trisetopsis (Poaceae)
Authors: Wölk Alexandra , Röser Martin 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe examined the morphology and molecular phylogeny of several genera of the traditional grass tribe Aveneae, with focus on Helictotrichon and the recently described genus Trisetopsis from tropical and subtropical Africa. Altogether we surveyed 34 taxa for structural characters of the spikelets including lemmas, lodicules and ovaries. Sequences of the nuclear single–copy gene topoisomerase 6 (Topo6) spanning two introns, nuclear ribosomal ITS and the plastid matK–psbA region were generated for 81 taxa and analyzed by maximum parsimony and Bayesian methods. The phylogenetic results show African Trisetopsis in all molecular markers investigated clearly distinct from Helictotrichon, which in its new circumscription encompasses only Northern Hemisphere species. Morphological data support exclusion of the African species from Helictotrichon as a separate genus. The Topo6 sequences reveal a strong geographical pattern of variation which allows for comprehensive phylogeographic analyses. Two copy types of Topo6 are present in Trisetopsis (A and B). They are strongly different from that found in the Eurasian species of Helictotrichon. Copy type A probably descended from South African T. longa or T. rogerellisii, which appear to be the only African species with only type A. All other species of Trisetopsis contain both types A and B. Unexpectedly, type B is widespread in the New World (Calamagrostis, Graphephorum, Peyritschia, Sphenopholis) but, apart from the Trisetopsis allopolyploids, is absent from Africa. Trisetopsis imberbis is introduced as a new combination.
Molecular phylogenetics and generic taxonomy of Blechnaceae ferns
Authors: Perrie Leon R. , Wilson Ruby K. , Shepherd Lara D. , Ohlsen Daniel J. , Batty Erin L. , Brownsey Patrick J. , Bayly Michael J. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe fern family Blechnaceae is cosmopolitan; however, the vast majority of species are placed in Blechnum, which occurs predominantly in the Southern Hemisphere. There are two areas that are particularly species–rich: the south–west Pacific (including Australasia), and Central and South America. Using chloroplast DNA sequences, we report the first comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the Blechnaceae, including all genera widely recognised in recent treatments, and over half of the species. There is strong support for several major clades, which we characterise morphologically and geographically, and some of their interrelationships. Blechnum is confirmed as polyphyletic. Blechnum indicum and B. serrulatum are more closely related to Salpichlaena and Stenochlaena, and are segregated as a new genus, Telmatoblechnum. Alternative generic circumscriptions are discussed for the remainder of Blechnum. In the absence of morphological characters to diagnose the clades within core Blechnum, and for the sake of taxonomic stability, we advocate a broad circumscription for Blechnum. Brainea and Sadleria are retained as their relationships are not well resolved, but Doodia and Pteridoblechnum are clearly nested within the core of Blechnum and we provide four new names in Blechnum. Additionally, given the focus of our sampling, we discuss the biogeography of the south–west Pacific, where immigration has been more important in community assembly than what might be superficially inferred from patterns of endemism (with ca. 60% of species endemic to individual land areas).
Bridging the Alps and the Middle East: Evolution, phylogeny and systematics of the genus Wulfenia (Plantaginaceae)
Authors: Surina Boštjan , Pfanzelt Simon , Einzmann Helena J.R. , Albach Dirk C. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe genus Wulfenia (Plantaginaceae) demonstrates a striking disjunction between the southeastern Alps (Carnic Alps), the southeastern Dinaric Alps (Prokletije Mountains, Balkan Peninsula) and the Amanos mountains of southern Turkey. This puzzling biogeographic pattern has interested botanists for more than 100 years and Wulfenia has been widely regarded as a Tertiary relict of at least Miocene age in southeastern Europe. Specifically, the identity of populations in the Prokletije Mountains either referred to as disjunct populations of W. carinthiaca or a separate species, “W. blecicii”, has been much debated. Here we analyze AFLP, plastid and nuclear ribosomal sequence data in conjunction with a morphometrical analysis to clarify the taxonomy of the genus and the relationships of the populations to one another. Furthermore, we employ a molecular dating strategy to put these results in a time frame to assess the Miocene relict–hypothesis. Our results provide evidence for a new classification of the genus with four species, W. orientalis, W. glanduligera comb. & stat. nov., W. baldaccii and W. carinthiaca. The split of the last species into populations disjunctly distributed in the southeastern Alps (W. carinthiaca s.str.) and southeastern Dinaric Alps (“W. blecicii”), is not supported either by molecular or morphological data, while we find enough evidence in DNA sequence data, growth site specifics and morphology for W. orientalis var. glanduligera to be treated at the species rank. Our dating analysis suggests that the extant genus is rather young with a crown node age of only about 1.24 Ma and 0.61 Ma for the European populations despite a stem node age of about 10.69 Ma. Thus, Wulfenia as a genus is likely a Miocene relict but its uninterrupted presence on the Balkan Peninsula cannot be demonstrated.
Fungal host utilization helps circumscribe leafless Coralroot orchid species: An integrative analysis of Corallorhiza odontorhiza and C. wisteriana
Authors: Freudenstein John V. , Barrett Craig F. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe leafless parasitic habit has arisen numerous times in Orchidaceae and characterizes the small temperate genus Corallorhiza. Because of their reduced morphology, parasitic plants have been some of the most difficult to delimit at the species level and to place phylogenetically and thus are a likely place to find cryptic species. In such cases molecular data and the presence of associated species are particularly helpful for circumscribing such taxa. Two long–recognized North American species are the focus of this study, in which the specificity and relationships of the associated fungi are examined. Phylogenetic analysis of sequences of plastid loci rpl32 and trnLF from C. odontorhiza and C. wisteriana and the ITS region from their associated fungi in Thelephoraceae and Russulaceae was undertaken and related to floral morphology, as examined via principal components analysis, and geographic origin of accessions. Corallorhiza wisteriana and C. odontorhiza are distinct based on plastid DNA, although they utilize overlapping sets of fungi. Eastern and western population groups of C. wisteriana are also distinct for plastid DNA and surprisingly utilize different fungal families, Russulaceae and Thelephoraceae, respectively. They are also subtly distinct morphologically. Polymorphism for fungal family utilization was detected in three orchid populations and fungal specificity was shown to be narrower for Russulaceae than for Thelephoraceae. Two cryptic species are distinguished within C. wisteriana based on fungal usage, plastid DNA, morphology and geography. Two host shifts are hypothesized to have occurred within polymorphic populations of C. wisteriana. Fungal specificity is related to trophic strategy and recency of colonization by the orchid.
Phylogenetic structure and clade circumscriptions in the Gardenieae complex (Rubiaceae)
Authors: Mouly Arnaud , Kainulainen Kent , Persson Claes , Davis Aaron P. , Wong Khoon Meng , Razafimandimbison Sylvain G. , Bremer Birgitta 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn this study we investigate the large and diverse Rubiaceae–Gardenieae and closely related tribes Bertiereae, Coffeeae, Cremasporeae, Octotropideae, and Pavetteae. Some of the tribes or groups have been shown to be monophyletic and strongly supported, but the phylogeny of this large complex is still far from being satisfactorily elucidated particularly for Gardenieae, both in terms of intertribal relationships as well as tribal delimitations. We reconstruct the phylogeny of the complex using an extensive sampling of 108 genera and five plastid DNA regions. Phylogenetic relationships demonstrate that Gardenieae sensu Andreasen & Bremer is polyphyletic, as Burchellia, Didymosalpinx, Monosalpinx, and Mantalania are closer to Octotropideae–Cremasporeae. In addition, Pavetteae and the investigated members of Aulacocalyceae are nested in a supported but partially unresolved Gardenieae–Pavetteae clade. Within this clade, several strongly supported groups are resolved: an Aidia group, an Alibertia group, a Gardenia group, Pavetteae including Pelagodendron, a Porterandia group, a Randia group, a Rothmannia group (including Aulacocalyx and Heinsenia), a Sherbournia group, and the two isolated genera Massularia and Schumanniophyton. The latter genus presented a high rate of genetic substitutions, which resulted in perturbations of the phylogenetic reconstruction. A revised tribal circumscription is given for Gardenieae, the Alibertia group is recognized at tribal level as an emended Cordiereae, and a new tribe, Sherbournieae, is described to accommodate the members of the Sherbournia group.
Typification of the name Johnstonella (Boraginaceae)
Authors: Simpson Michael G. , Hasenstab-Lehman Kristen , Kelley Ronald B. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe genus Johnstonella Brand was published in 1925, as a segregate genus of Cryptantha (Boraginaceae). Brand included two species, J. racemosa and J. inaequata, in his treatment. Johnston, in the same year, indicated J. racemosa as the type of Johnstonella. However, Johnston's publication predated Brand's; therefore, Johnston's typification is not effective. Although Johnstonella has generally not been accepted by taxonomists, it has recently been resurrected based on molecular phylogenetic studies. Because of the need for a type for the genus, we designate the type of Johnstonella racemosa as the type of Johnstonella.
Entrepreneurial Team Diversity and Performance: Toward an Integrated Model
Authors: Zhou Wencang , Rosini Elizabeth 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA research need exists to systematically evaluate the status quo of research on the link between entrepreneurial team diversity and performance, identify challenges, and advance the entrepreneurial team research. By analyzing 31 empirical studies on entrepreneurial teams, the current study fulfilled three main purposes. First, we conduct a comprehensive, systematic review of the possible association between entrepreneurial team diversity and performance by summarizing, quantitatively synthesizing, and analyzing the quantitative studies in this area. Second, we further examine these theoretical accounts by evaluating whether diversity impact varies with situational factors. Third, we identify research gaps and propose an integrated model that directs future research.
Perikles und die Definition des Bürgerrechts im klassischen Athen. Neue Vorschläge zu Inhalt, Zeitpunkt, Hintergrund und Auswirkung seines Bürgerrechtsgesetzes
Authors: Coşkun Altay 
Published: August 2014

Zusammenfassung
Ein Gesetz des Perikles band das Athener Bürgerrecht an die beidseitige bürgerliche Abstammung ([Aristot.] Ath. pol. 26,3f.; Plut. Perikl. 37,3–5; Ail. var. 6,10; 13,24). Bisherige Versuche, Hintergrund, Zweck und Reichweite des Gesetzes zu erklären, leiden daran, dass sie seinen rückwirkenden Charakter leugnen sowie nicht belegte Ausnahmen aufgrund anachronistischer Erwägungen voraussetzen. Jedoch beweist die für 445/44 v. Chr. bezeugte Ausbürgerung von 4760 Athenern, die zuvor in eine Demenliste eingeschrieben waren, ohne die genannte Bedingung zu erfüllen (Plut. Perikl. 37; Philochoros, FGrH 328 F 119), die uneingeschränkte Gültigkeit des Gesetzes. Überhaupt scheint erst jene Revision der Bürgerlisten einen in demographischer und politischer Hinsicht plausiblen Kontext für die Abfassung des Gesetzes zu bieten. Demgegenüber hätte ein solcher Antrag zum traditionell angesetzten Datum (451/50 v. Chr.), das sich allein auf die aristotelische Athēnaiōn politeia stützt, kaum auf eine Mehrheit in der Volksversammlung hoffen dürfen. Denn die unmittelbaren Verluste während des Ersten Peloponnesischen Krieges waren beträchtlich, und der Bedarf an Bürgersoldaten für die von Perikles und Kimon gemeinsam getragene neue Offensive gegen die Perser blieb hoch. Nach Abschluss des Perserkrieges 449 v. Chr. und des Ersten Peloponnesischen Krieges 446 v. Chr. reduzierten die Athener indes ihre Flotte und starteten zugleich neue Siedlungsprojekte, die auf einen Bürgerüberschuss hindeuten. Der von Plutarch bezeugte unmittelbare Zusammenhang des Bürgerrechtsgesetzes mit der Überprüfung der Demenlisten angesichts einer Getreideschenkung des Königs Psammetich verdient deswegen den Vorrang vor dem Datum der Athēnaiōn politeia.
Von Fischotter und seiner Frau. Besatzungsalltag und NS-Rassenpolitik am Beispiel eines deutsch-polnischen Paares im Generalgouvernement
Authors: Röger Maren 
Published: August 2014

Zusammenfassung
Der Aufsatz beschreibt den sozialen Aufstieg eines NS-Täters in Polen und seiner polnisch-kaschubischen Freundin, die noch in der Besatzungszeit – entgegen aller rassenpolitischen Vorgaben, die für SS-Angehörige galten – heirateten. Wie in einem Prisma lässt sich am Beispiel von Alouis Fischotter und seiner Frau Urszula B. die Ideologie sowie die alltägliche Umsetzung der NS-Rassepolitik im besetzten Osten aufzeigen. Zudem erlaubt die breite Materialgrundlage einen biografischen Blick auf beide Partner: Anhand von Fischotter können Einblicke in die Lebenswelten deutscher Polizisten im okkupierten Osten, namentlich Lublin und Memel, gewonnen werden. Bei der „Frau an seiner Seite“ (Gudrun Schwarz) handelte es sich um eine einheimische Frau, die nicht nur fraternisierte, sondern auch politisch kooperierte. Sie gehört damit zu einer bislang wenig erforschten Gruppe.
Delivery-related knowledge of mothers of NICU infants compared with well-baby-nursery infants
Authors: Chhabra Divya , Joymon Jess , Lee Ben H. , Mercado Myra , Hunter Cheryl L. , Viola Deborah , Tahara Denise , Damus Karla , La Gamma Edmund F. , Brumberg Heather L. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe objective of this study was to compare the knowledge of mothers of newborns in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and well-baby nursery (WBN) regarding their understanding of term gestation, delivery mode safety, and elective late preterm delivery.Mothers of newborns admitted to either an NICU (n=88) or a WBN (n=145) were surveyed (March 2008–September 2010).Of all mothers, regardless of infant location, 7% were unable to define term gestation, 33% were unaware that scheduling delivery at 35–36 weeks is not advisable, and 30% lacked the knowledge that cesareans are not safer than vaginal deliveries. Multivariate regression models show that socioeconomic and demographic factors underlie many knowledge gaps, and surprisingly, models confirmed that the site (NICU versus WBN) of the infant was not a significant factor related to maternal knowledge.This study revealed gaps in mothers’ understanding of the medical implications of premature delivery even though most mothers knew the correct length of term gestation. Unexpectedly, NICU mothers who had a child with significant illness and who encountered multiple health care providers did not have improved understanding of perinatal risks. We conclude that all women need to be educated on the significance of the mode and the timing of delivery.
Impact of Viscosity on Hydration Kinetics and Setting Properties of Cementitious Materials
Authors: Liard Maxime , Oblak Luka , Hachim Mohammed , Vachon Martin , Lootens Didier 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The mixing process used for cement, gypsum, mortar, or concrete has a strong effect on the hydration kinetics and setting properties, so that a standard mixing protocol has to be followed, including the mixing time and the addition sequence of the different components. In order to study the effect of the mixing on the hydration kinetics, rheological and calorimetric measurements have been performed on cementitious materials prepared with different mixing designs. The product viscosity was directly measured with an instrumented mixer from the start of the mixing and during the addition of the different constituents to enable an accurate measurement of the mixing energy. The acceleration of the hydration kinetics is associated with (i) the generation of finer particles that act as nuclei for the precipitation of the hydrates and (ii) an increase of the temperature due to the friction between the grains; therefore, a longer and more intense mix tends to accelerate the hydration kinetics. We show in this work that the retardation of the hydration kinetics of cementitious materials, which appears with the addition of plasticizer, is not only chemical but also physical, as a modification of the rheological properties has an additional effect on the setting properties.
Rheological Evaluation of Slump Flow Curves of Self-Consolidating Concrete From Instrumented Spread Table
Authors: Reinhardt Hans W. , Huss Andreas 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA series of tests has been performed on 18 self-consolidating concrete (SCC) mixtures with rounded aggregates (fluvial sand and gravel) and/or crushed aggregates (quartz porphyry and shell limestone) As an addition to concrete, either fly ash or limestone filler was used. The cement was always a Portland composite cement (CEM II/A-LL 32.5 R). The paste volume (including air pore volume) ranged from 348 to 468 dm3/m3. An instrumented spread table was used to record the flow spread and the flow time in certain intervals until a tested SCC mixture was completely spread. From the relationship between slump flow diameter and flow time, which is an exponential function, two parameters were established. The first parameter is equivalent to the slump flow diameter, and the second parameter is a coefficient for the damping of the concrete flow. It was found that the damping coefficient obtained from the instrumented spread table test correlated well with the plastic viscosity measured using a rheometer. The instrumented spread table test is easy to perform and less time consuming when compared to a rheometer test.
Development of a New Method for Testing Cooling Power Using a Silver Probe and a New Reference Quenching Fluid
Authors: Yokota Hideo 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Cooling curve tests have been the most useful means of testing the cooling power of liquid quenchants such as oils and polymer quenchants. The JIS method for evaluating the cooling power of oils (JIS K 2242) was established in 1965. A cylindrical silver probe was adopted for the JIS method because of the following advantages: measurement results will not be affected by phase transformations or surface oxidation, and the probe has high sensitivity and excellent reproducibility. In the JIS method, 80°C di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DOP) is used as a reference quenching fluid for initial calibration and for periodic calibration checks of the probe and the overall system. However, it has been pointed out that DOP may be an environmental pollutant. Therefore, the JIS Technical Committee on heat treating fluids looked at new reference quenching fluids that could replace DOP. Through a series of round-robin tests, mineral oil having a flash point within a prescribed range and a viscosity of ISO VG22 was selected as the new reference quenching fluid. This mineral oil is specified as the reference quenching fluid in the revised standard for heat treating fluids, JIS K 2242:2012.