bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tactile versus motor imagery: differences in corticospinal excitability assessed with single-pulse TMS
Authors: Morozova Marina , Nasibullina Aigul , Yakovlev Lev , Syrov Nikolay , Kaplan Alexander , Lebedev Mikhail 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTactile Imagery (TI) remains a fairly understudied phenomenon despite growing attention to this topic in recent years. Here, we investigated the effects of TI on corticospinal excitability by measuring motor evoked potentials (MEPs) induced by single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). The effects of TI were compared with those of tactile stimulation (TS) and kinesthetic motor imagery (kMI). Twenty-two participants performed three tasks in randomly assigned order: imagine finger tapping (kMI); experience vibratory sensations in the middle finger (TS); and mentally reproduce the sensation of vibration (TI). MEPs increased during both kMI and TI, with a stronger increase for kMI. No statistically significant change in MEP was observed during TS. The demonstrated differential effects of kMI, TI and TS on corticospinal excitability have practical implications for devising the imagery-based and TS-based brain–computer interfaces (BCIs), particularly the ones intended to improve neurorehabilitation by evoking plasticity changes in sensorimotor circuitry.
Multimodal explainable artificial intelligence identifies patients with non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy at risk of lethal ventricular arrhythmias
Authors: Kolk Maarten Z. H. , Ruipérez-Campillo Samuel , Allaart Cornelis P. , Wilde Arthur A. M. , Knops Reinoud E. , Narayan Sanjiv M. , Tjong Fleur V. Y. ,   DEEP RISK investigators, Raijmakers Femke D. , Van Der Lingen Anne-Lotte C. J. , Götte Marco J. W. , Selder Jasper L. , Alvarez-Florez Laura , Išgum Ivana , Bekkers Erik J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe efficacy of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) in patients with a non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy for primary prevention of sudden cardiac death is increasingly debated. We developed a multimodal deep learning model for arrhythmic risk prediction that integrated late gadolinium enhanced (LGE) cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), electrocardiography (ECG) and clinical data. Short-axis LGE-MRI scans and 12-lead ECGs were retrospectively collected from a cohort of 289 patients prior to ICD implantation, across two tertiary hospitals. A residual variational autoencoder was developed to extract physiological features from LGE-MRI and ECG, and used as inputs for a machine learning model (DEEP RISK) to predict malignant ventricular arrhythmia onset. In the validation cohort, the multimodal DEEP RISK model predicted malignant ventricular arrhythmias with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.84 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.71–0.96), a sensitivity of 0.98 (95% CI 0.75–1.00) and a specificity of 0.73 (95% CI 0.58–0.97). The models trained on individual modalities exhibited lower AUROC values compared to DEEP RISK [MRI branch: 0.80 (95% CI 0.65–0.94), ECG branch: 0.54 (95% CI 0.26–0.82), Clinical branch: 0.64 (95% CI 0.39–0.87)]. These results suggest that a multimodal model achieves high prognostic accuracy in predicting ventricular arrhythmias in a cohort of patients with non-ischaemic systolic heart failure, using data collected prior to ICD implantation.
Predicting peak inundation depths with a physics informed machine learning model
Authors: Lee Cheng-Chun , Huang Lipai , Antolini Federico , Garcia Matthew , Juan Andrew , Brody Samuel D. , Mostafavi Ali 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTimely, accurate, and reliable information is essential for decision-makers, emergency managers, and infrastructure operators during flood events. This study demonstrates that a proposed machine learning model, MaxFloodCast, trained on physics-based hydrodynamic simulations in Harris County, offers efficient and interpretable flood inundation depth predictions. Achieving an average $$R^2$$

R
2

of 0.949 and a Root Mean Square Error of 0.61 ft (0.19 m) on unseen data, it proves reliable in forecasting peak flood inundation depths. Validated against Hurricane Harvey and Tropical Storm Imelda, MaxFloodCast shows the potential in supporting near-time floodplain management and emergency operations. The model’s interpretability aids decision-makers in offering critical information to inform flood mitigation strategies, to prioritize areas with critical facilities and to examine how rainfall in other watersheds influences flood exposure in one area. The MaxFloodCast model enables accurate and interpretable inundation depth predictions while significantly reducing computational time, thereby supporting emergency response efforts and flood risk management more effectively.
Burden and determinants of anemia among lactating women in Ethiopia: evidence from demographic health survey
Authors: Girma Selamawit , Abdureshid Neil , Ayele Ketema , Dagne Imam , Mekonnen Berhanu Abebaw , Abate Shambel , Hamza Aragaw , Solomon Milkias , Oumer Abdu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGlobally one-third of global population are victims of anemia, significantly impacting maternal and infant health and linked to poor cognition, productivity, and mortality risks. We used randomly selected 4040 lactating mothers’ record from nationally representative survey. Descriptive statistics were weighted, and the standard hemoglobin cutoff point (below 12 g/dl) was used. Bivariable and multivariable multilevel binary logistic regression model considering the individual and community-level factors associated with anemia was employed. Crude and adjusted odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval were reported. In Ethiopia, 32.3% (95% CI 30.9–33.7%) of lactating women were anemic, with 23.4% having mild, 7.3% moderate, and 1.2% severe anemia. Pastoral regions (Afar, Somalia, and Oromia region) had higher burden of anemia than the others. The advanced age of the mother above 45 years (AOR = 1.43 (1.11–1.82), unemployment (AOR = 1.19; 95% CI 1.08–1.32), household wealth index (AOR = 0.56; 95% CI 0.50–0.63), extended family size (AOR = 1.20; 95% CI 1.04–1.46), and not using family planning (AOR = 1.70; 95% CI 1.49–1.93) were significant factors associated with anemia. Anemia is a moderate public health problem and associated with location and other factors to be addressed via effective interventions.
Investigation on the control of inclusions and tensile strength in Ce-treated P110-grade oil casing steel
Authors: Wang Jun , Wang Linzhu , Yang Shufeng , Chen Chaoyi , Li Junqi , Li Xiang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis research added rare Earth elements Ce to the P110-grade oil casing steel to reveal their influence on the inclusions and tensile properties. The content of cerium in the steel varied from 0 to 452 ppm. Based on the classical thermodynamic calculation, the predominance diagram of Re-containing inclusions in P110-grade steel was obtained. The evolution route of the inclusions composition with the increasing cerium content in the steel was xCaO⋅yAl2O3 → Al2O3–CeAlO3 → Ce2O3–CeAlO3 → Ce2O3–Ce2O2S → Ce2O2S, which agreed well with the thermodynamic analysis. As the cerium content at 235 ppm, the size of Ce containing inclusions has a minimal size at 2.82 μm. Suitable Ce content can modify the big-size xCaO⋅yAl2O3 inclusions into small-size Re-containing inclusions. The results demonstrate that the tensile performance of this steel can be improved as the cerium content increases from 0 to 235 ppm. However, once the cerium content exceeds 235 ppm, further increases in cerium content led to a decline in performance. The experimental results shows that the presence of large-sized Ce2O2S inclusions and the change of microstructure, will lead to the decrease in tensile performance.
The prevalence and moderating factors of sleep disturbances in people living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lee Suonaa , Oh Jae Won , Park Kyung Mee , Ahn Jin Young , Lee San , Lee Eun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the prevalence of self-reported sleep disturbances in people living with HIV considering the effects of age, depression, anxiety, CD4 cell counts, time since HIV diagnosis, study region, and the instruments used to measure sleep disturbances. We searched PubMed, PsycINFO, and EMBASE to include eligible articles. In this meta-analysis of 43 studies, the pooled prevalence of self-reported sleep disturbances was 52.29% (95% confidence interval 47.69–56.87). The subgroup analyses revealed that variations in the sleep measurements and study region significantly contributed to the observed heterogeneity. In the meta-regression analyses, higher proportions of participants with depression or anxiety and longer times since HIV diagnosis were significantly associated with a higher prevalence of self-reported sleep disturbances after adjusting for mean age. Our findings emphasise the substantial burden of sleep disturbances in people living with HIV and identified comorbid depression and anxiety and the time since HIV diagnosis as significant moderators. These results underscore the importance of considering these factors when designing tailored screening programmes for high-risk patients and implementing early interventions to prevent and mitigate sleep disturbances in people living with HIV.
Clinical application of transcranial neuroendoscopy combined with supraorbital keyhole approach in minimally invasive surgery of the anterior skull base
Authors: Zhou Long , Jing Xiongfei , Wang Chang , Zhang Huikai , Lei Pan , Song Ping , Li Zhiyang , Gao Lun , Lu Minghui , Chen Qianxue , Cai Qiang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTo explore the techniques, safety, and feasibility of minimally invasive neurosurgery through the supraorbital eyebrow arch keyhole approach by neuroendoscopy. Retrospective analysis of clinical data of patients with various cranial diseases treated by transcranial neuroendoscopic supraorbital eyebrow keyhole approach in our hospital from March 2021 to October 2023. A total of 39 complete cases were collected, including 21 cases of intracranial aneurysms, 9 cases of intracranial space occupying lesions, 5 cases of brain trauma, 3 cases of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea, and 1 case of cerebral hemorrhage. All patients’ surgeries were successful. The good prognosis rate of intracranial aneurysms was 17/21 (81%), and the symptom improvement rate of intracranial space occupying lesions was 8/9 (88.9%). Among them, the initial symptoms of one patient with no improvement were not related to space occupying, while the total effective rate of the other three types of patients was 9/9 (100%). The average length of the craniotomy bone window of the supraorbital eyebrow arch keyhole is 3.77 ± 0.31 cm, and the average width is 2.53 ± 0.23 cm. The average postoperative hospital stay was 14.77 ± 6.59 days. The average clearance rate of hematoma by neuroendoscopy is 95.00% ± 1.51%. Our results indicate that endoscopic surgery through the supraorbital eyebrow arch keyhole approach is safe and effective for the treatment of anterior skull base lesions and cerebral hemorrhage. However, this retrospective study is a single center, small sample study, and the good surgical results do not exclude the subjective screening of suitable patients by clinical surgeons, which may have some bias. Although the clinical characteristics such as indications and contraindications of this surgical method still require further prospective and multicenter clinical research validation, our study still provides a new approach and choice for minimally invasive surgical treatment of anterior skull base lesions.
Tracking DOT1L methyltransferase activity by stable isotope labelling using a selective synthetic co-factor
Authors: Trainor Nicole , Whitwell Harry J. , Jiménez Beatriz , Addison Katie , Leonidou Emily , DiMaggio Peter A. , Fuchter Matthew J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEpigenetic processes influence health and disease through mechanisms which alter gene expression. In contrast to genetic changes which affect DNA sequences, epigenetic marks include DNA base modifications or post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins. Histone methylation is a prominent and versatile example of an epigenetic marker: gene expression or silencing is dependent on the location and extent of the methylation. Protein methyltransferases exhibit functional redundancy and broad preferences for multiple histone residues, which presents a challenge for the study of their individual activities. We developed an isotopically labelled analogue of co-factor S-adenosyl-L-methionine (13CD3-BrSAM), with selectivity for the histone lysine methyltransferase DOT1L, permitting tracking of methylation activity by mass spectrometry (MS). This concept could be applied to other methyltransferases, linking PTM discovery to enzymatic mediators.
Design of a covalent protein-protein interaction inhibitor of SRPKs to suppress angiogenesis and invasion of cancer cells
Authors: Cai Gongli , Bao Yishu , Li Qingyun , Hsu Pang-Hung , Xia Jiang , Ngo Jacky Chi Ki 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSerine–arginine (SR) proteins are splicing factors that play essential roles in both constitutive and alternative pre-mRNA splicing. Phosphorylation of their C-terminal RS domains by SR protein kinases (SRPKs) regulates their localization and diverse cellular activities. Dysregulation of phosphorylation has been implicated in many human diseases, including cancers. Here, we report the development of a covalent protein–protein interaction inhibitor, C-DBS, that targets a lysine residue within the SRPK-specific docking groove to block the interaction and phosphorylation of the prototypic SR protein SRSF1. C-DBS exhibits high specificity and conjugation efficiency both in vitro and in cellulo. This self-cell-penetrating inhibitor attenuates the phosphorylation of endogenous SR proteins and subsequently inhibits the angiogenesis, migration, and invasion of cancer cells. These findings provide a new foundation for the development of covalent SRPK inhibitors for combatting diseases such as cancer and viral infections and overcoming the resistance encountered by ATP-competitive inhibitors.
Trajectories of improvement with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment-resistant major depression in the BRIGhTMIND trial
Authors: Briley P. M. , Webster L. , Lankappa S. , Pszczolkowski S. , McAllister-Williams R. H. , Liddle P. F. , Auer D. P. , Morriss R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an established non-invasive brain stimulation treatment for major depressive disorder, but there is marked inter-individual variability in response. Using latent class growth analysis with session-by-session patient global impression ratings from the recently completed BRIGhTMIND trial, we identified five distinct classes of improvement trajectory during a 20-session treatment course. This included a substantial class of patients noticing delayed onset of improvement. Contrary to prior expectations, members of a class characterised by early and continued improvement showed greatest inter-session variability in stimulated location. By relating target locations and inter-session variability to a well-studied atlas, we estimated an average of 3.0 brain networks were stimulated across the treatment course in this group, compared to 1.1 in a group that reported symptom worsening (p < 0.001, d = 0.893). If confirmed, this would suggest that deliberate targeting of multiple brain networks could be beneficial to rTMS outcomes.
Human mitochondrial carriers of the SLC25 family function as monomers exchanging substrates with a ping-pong kinetic mechanism
Authors: Cimadamore-Werthein Camila , King Martin S , Lacabanne Denis , Pyrihová Eva , Jaiquel Baron Stephany , Kunji Edmund RS 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMembers of the SLC25 mitochondrial carrier family link cytosolic and mitochondrial metabolism and support cellular maintenance and growth by transporting compounds across the mitochondrial inner membrane. Their monomeric or dimeric state and kinetic mechanism have been a matter of long-standing debate. It is believed by some that they exist as homodimers and transport substrates with a sequential kinetic mechanism, forming a ternary complex where both exchanged substrates are bound simultaneously. Some studies, in contrast, have provided evidence indicating that the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier (SLC25A4) functions as a monomer, has a single substrate binding site, and operates with a ping-pong kinetic mechanism, whereby ADP is imported before ATP is exported. Here we reanalyze the oligomeric state and kinetic properties of the human mitochondrial citrate carrier (SLC25A1), dicarboxylate carrier (SLC25A10), oxoglutarate carrier (SLC25A11), and aspartate/glutamate carrier (SLC25A13), all previously reported to be dimers with a sequential kinetic mechanism. We demonstrate that they are monomers, except for dimeric SLC25A13, and operate with a ping-pong kinetic mechanism in which the substrate import and export steps occur consecutively. These observations are consistent with a common transport mechanism, based on a functional monomer, in which a single central substrate-binding site is alternately accessible.
FlockSeer: A portable stereo vision observer for bird flocking
Authors: Ai Yuhui , Zhai Haozhou , Sun Zijie , Yan Weiming , Hu Tianjiang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBird flocking is a paradigmatic case of self‐organised collective behaviours in biology. Stereo camera systems are employed to observe flocks of starlings, jackdaws, and chimney swifts, mainly on a spot‐fixed basis. A portable non‐fixed stereo vision‐based flocking observation system, namely FlockSeer, is developed by the authors for observing more species of bird flocks within field scenarios. The portable flocking observer, FlockSeer, responds to the challenges in extrinsic calibration, camera synchronisation and field movability compared to existing spot‐fixed observing systems. A measurement and sensor fusion approach is utilised for rapid calibration, and a light‐based synchronisation approach is used to simplify hardware configuration. FlockSeer has been implemented and tested across six cities in three provinces and has accomplished diverse flock‐tracking tasks, accumulating behavioural data of four species, including egrets, with up to 300 resolvable trajectories. The authors reconstructed the trajectories of a flock of egrets under disturbed conditions to verify the practicality and reliability. In addition, we analysed the accuracy of identifying nearest neighbours, and then examined the similarity between the trajectories and the Couzin model. Experimental results demonstrate that the developed flocking observing system is highly portable, more convenient and swift to deploy in wetland‐like or coast‐like fields. Its observation process is reliable and practical and can effectively support the study of understanding and modelling of bird flocking behaviours.
High-resolution observations of two pores with the integral field unit (IFU) of the GREGOR Infrared Spectrograph (GRIS)
Authors: Verma Meetu 
Published: June 2024

Context. Solar pores are associated with two significant transitions in magnetohydrodynamics: the magnetic field becomes sufficiently strong to inhibit convective energy transport, and a critical change causes pores to develop a penumbra and to transform into sunspots.
Aims. The goal is to compare the intricate details of the magnetic and flow fields around two solar pores, where one is part of an active region and the other is an isolated pore, with a secondary goal of demonstrating the scientific capabilities of the GREGOR Infrared Spectrograph (GRIS) integral field unit (IFU).
Methods. Two pores were observed with the High-resolution Fast Imager (HiFI) and the GRIS IFU at the 1.5-meter GREGOR solar telescope on 29 May and 6 June 2019. The GRIS IFU mosaics provide spectropolarimetric data for inversions of the Ca I 1083.9 nm and Si I 1082.7 nm spectral lines, covering the deep and upper photosphere. The t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) machine learning algorithm is employed to identify different classes of Si I Stokes-V profiles. The local correlation tracking (LCT) technique derives horizontal proper motions around the pores using speckle-restored G-band time-series.
Results. Both pores contain a thin light bridge, are stable during the observations, and never develop a penumbra. The isolated pore is three times smaller and significantly darker than the active-region pore, which is not predicted by simulations. The LCT maps show inflows around both pores, with lower velocities for the isolated pore. Both pores are embedded in the photospheric line-of-sight (LOS) velocity pattern of the granulation but filamentary structures are only visible in the chromospheric LOS maps of the active-region pore. The t-SNE identifies five clusters of Si I Stokes-V profiles, revealing an ‘onion-peel’ magnetic field structure, despite the small size of the pores. The core with strong vertical magnetic fields is surrounded by concentric layers with lower and more inclined magnetic fields. The GRIS IFU spectra allowed for the tracking of the temporal evolution of the physical parameters, but the variations for both pores were nominal.
Conclusions. The active-region pore shows some signatures of increased interaction between plasma motions and magnetic fields, which can be considered as early signs of penumbra formation. However, similar physical properties prevail for smaller pores. Therefore, a statistically meaningful sample, covering the size range and different morphologies of pores, is needed to distinguish between the formation mechanisms of active-region and isolated pores.
Wechselseitige Beziehung zwischen Schilddrüsenerkrankungen und Diabetes
Authors: Müssig Karsten 
Published: June 2024

ZusammenfassungAktuell sind etwa 8,9 Millionen Menschen in Deutschland von Diabetes betroffen, und jedes Jahr kommt mehr als eine halbe Millionen Menschen hinzu. In der Mehrzahl der Fälle handelt es sich um einen Typ-2-Diabetes, ein Typ-1-Diabetes ist hingegen sehr viel seltener. Auch Schilddrüsenerkrankungen weisen eine hohe Prävalenz auf und nehmen mit dem Alter zu. Im mittleren Lebensalter weist bereits jeder Zweite morphologische Schilddrüsenveränderungen auf. Die Rate an Schilddrüsenfunktionsstörungen liegt bei nahezu 10% der Allgemeinbevölkerung. Zahlreiche epidemiologische Untersuchungen weisen darauf hin, dass Diabetes und Schilddrüsenerkrankungen häufig miteinander vergesellschaftet sind. Die vorliegende Arbeite möchte einen Überblick geben über den Zusammenhang zwischen den verschiedenen Diabetestypen und funktionellen und morphologischen Schilddrüsenauffälligkeiten. Auch sollen mögliche zugrundeliegenden Mechanismen diskutiert werden.
Epignathus: Role of Fetal Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Histopathology—A Case Report
Authors: Sharma Poornima , Kushwaha Shreya Singh , Dasgupta Suchandana , Bachani Sumitra 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis case report describes a rare and life threatening fetal condition, oropharyngeal teratoma (epignathus), diagnosed prenatally at 26 weeks. The fetus presented with polyhydramnios and a large mass obstructing the airway. Despite multidisciplinary planning for an ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) procedure, the baby died shortly after birth due to severe respiratory distress. Histopathological examination confirmed a high grade immature teratoma. The report highlights the importance of prenatal diagnosis, multidisciplinary management, and potential interventions like EXIT procedures for improved outcomes. It also emphasizes the role of fetal magnetic resonance imaging in characterizing the tumor and planning delivery strategies. In cases that have been diagnosed early enough, termination of pregnancy can be an option after counseling.