bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
REKONSTRUKSI WEWENANG BAWASLU DALAM PENEGAKAN HUKUM PIDANA PEMILU MELALUI SENTRA GAKKUMDU
Authors: Zairudin Ahmad 
Published: August 2024

This study aims to determine Bawaslu's efforts in supervising and preventing violations in the 2024 election, through its duties, functions and authorities. and how the handling of election criminal acts can be resolved through the Sentra Gakkumdu. This research method uses normative juridical concepts with statutory, case and conceptual approaches. As for this study, researchers used sources of legal materials in the form of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials. In countries that have good and mature democracy, or developing countries that are moving towards democracy, they are still in the process of transition. In reality, elections are still marked by various frauds and violations (electoral malpractices). Elections are still filled with violations and fraud, which certainly threatens the legitimacy of elected power and undermines public trust in state institutions. Transition and consolidation are democratic processes that rely heavily on the quality of the implementation of the election administration. Presence and existence of Bawaslu based on Law no. 7 of 2017, to provide guarantees for the creation of quality and democratic elections, which are held in general, free, confidential, honest and fair (LUBER, JURDIL). The establishment of the Gakkumdu Center is an effort to strengthen Bawaslu with the authority to enforce election criminal law in the implementation of elections in Indonesia. Keywords: Strengthening, Bawaslu, Sentra Gakkumdu
URGENSI PENGATURAN PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DALAM MEWUJUDKAN PEMILU DEMOKRATIS
Authors: Azkiya Ach Mawardi 
Published: August 2024

This article discusses the regulation of public participation in elections, and how urgent it is in realizing democratic elections. Community participation is very important in the implementation of general elections in the process of selecting members of the legislature and executive. Because after all, the community has a fairly large share in the general election process where the community as voters determines the winner in the general election process. In addition to participating in elections, the public is also required to participate in supervising the election process, so that elections run in a quality, integrity and democratic manner. Keywords: Governance, Public Participation and Democratic Elections
Cyclodextrin–silica hybrid materials: synthesis, characterization, and application in pesticide aqueous removal
Authors: Baigorria Estefanía , Carvalho Lucas Bragança , Alves Pinto Luciana Matos , Fraceto Leonardo Fernandes 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionOverusing and misusing pesticides, including paraquat (PQ), have led to numerous environmental contamination complications. PQ is an emerging bio-accumulative contaminant that is present in environmental aqueous matrices. Adsorption techniques are part of a set of technologies applied in ecological remediation, known for their high effectiveness in removing aqueous PQ. A study of the PQ adsorption capacity of three cyclodextrin–silica nanocomposites (α-CDSi, β-CDSi, and γ-CDSi) from contaminated waters is presented in this paper.MethodsThe cyclodextrin–silica nanocomposites were synthesized via an esterification reaction between the inorganic matrix and cyclodextrins (CDs) (α, β, and γ) and were characterized physicochemically by spectroscopic, thermal, and surface methods. Their PQ removal performance from contaminated aqueous media was studied under different experimental conditions.Results and DiscussionThe results showed a fast adsorptive response in removal treatment studies over time. Adsorption capacities of 87.22, 57.17, and 77.27 mg.g−1 were found for α-CDSi, β-CDSi, and γ-CDSi, respectively, at only 30 min of treatment. Thermodynamic studies indicated spontaneous and exothermic adsorption processes. The removal assays responded mainly to physisorption mechanisms with contributions from chemisorption mechanisms. Spectroscopic assays showed a strong interaction of PQ with the adsorbents used. Innovative CDSi nanocomposites have proven to be highly efficient in applying aqueous PQ remediation, thus proving to be sustainable adsorbents of contaminants of emerging importance worldwide.
Sparse and Expandable Network for Google's Pathways
Authors: Ling Charles X. , Wang Ganyu , Wang Boyu 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionRecently, Google introduced Pathways as its next-generation AI architecture. Pathways must address three critical challenges: learning one general model for several continuous tasks, ensuring tasks can leverage each other without forgetting old tasks, and learning from multi-modal data such as images and audio. Additionally, Pathways must maintain sparsity in both learning and deployment. Current lifelong multi-task learning approaches are inadequate in addressing these challenges.MethodsTo address these challenges, we propose SEN, a Sparse and Expandable Network. SEN is designed to handle multiple tasks concurrently by maintaining sparsity and enabling expansion when new tasks are introduced. The network leverages multi-modal data, integrating information from different sources while preventing interference between tasks.ResultsThe proposed SEN model demonstrates significant improvements in multi-task learning, successfully managing task interference and forgetting. It effectively integrates data from various modalities and maintains efficiency through sparsity during both the learning and deployment phases.DiscussionSEN offers a straightforward yet effective solution to the limitations of current lifelong multi-task learning methods. By addressing the challenges identified in the Pathways architecture, SEN provides a promising approach for developing AI systems capable of learning and adapting over time without sacrificing performance or efficiency.
Can time-lapse culture combined with artificial intelligence improve ongoing pregnancy rates in fresh transfer cycles of single cleavage stage embryos?
Authors: Wang Xiao , Wei Qipeng , Huang Weiyu , Yin Lanlan , Ma Tianzhong 
Published: August 2024

PurposeWith the rapid advancement of time-lapse culture and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies for embryo screening, pregnancy rates in assisted reproductive technology (ART) have significantly improved. However, clinical pregnancy rates in fresh cycles remain dependent on the number and type of embryos transferred. The selection of embryos with the highest implantation potential is critical for embryologists and influences transfer strategies in fertility centers. The superiority of AI over traditional morphological scoring for ranking cleavage-stage embryos based on their implantation potential remains controversial.MethodsThis retrospective study analyzed 105 fresh embryo transfer cycles at the Centre for Reproductive Medicine from August 2023 to March 2024, following IVF/ICSI treatment at the cleavage stage. All embryos were cultured using time-lapse technology and scored using an automated AI model (iDAScore V2.0). Embryos were categorized into three groups based on the iDAScore V2.0: Group A (8 cells, iDA: 1.0-5.7); Group B (8 cells, iDA: 5.8-8.0); and Group C (&gt;8 cells, iDA: 5.8-8.0). Clinical treatment outcomes, embryonic development, and pregnancy outcomes were analyzed and compared across the groups.ResultsBaseline characteristics such as patient age, AMH levels, AFC, and basal sex hormones showed no significant differences among the three groups (p &gt; 0.05). The iDAscores were significantly higher in Group C (7.3 ± 0.5) compared to Group B (6.7 ± 0.5) and the iDAscores were significantly higher in Group B (6.7 ± 0.5) compared to Group A (4.8 ± 1.0) (p &lt; 0.001).The mean number of high-quality embryos was highest in Group C (4.7 ± 3.0), followed by Group B (3.6 ± 1.7) and Group A (2.1 ± 1.2) (p &lt; 0.001). There was no statistical difference (p = 0.392) in the ongoing pregnancy rate for single cleavage-stage transfers between Group B (54.5%, 30/55) and Group A (38.1%, 8/21), although there was a tendency for Group B to be higher.ConclusionCombining time-lapse culture with AI scoring may enhance ongoing pregnancy rates in single cleavage-stage fresh transfer cycles.
Obesity mediates the relationship between depression and infertility: insights from the NHANES 2013-2018 cross-sectional study and a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Xu Ting , Zhuang Yuan , Cao Huabin , Yang Jingqi 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundDepression is increasingly recognized as a factor affecting infertility and the causal relationship between them remains controversial. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between depression and infertility using Mendelian randomization (MR) and cross-sectional study, and to explore the potential mediating role of obesity.MethodsThe cross-sectional study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013-2018. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression was used to assess the association between depression and infertility risk, and mediation analysis was to examine the mediating effect of obesity. Then, we performed MR analyses to investigate the causal effect of depression on infertility. Instrumental variables for depression were obtained from a genome-wide association meta-analysis (135,458 cases and 344,901 controls), and summary level data for infertility were obtained from the FinnGen database (6,481 cases and 68,969 controls).ResultsIn the cross-sectional study, a total of 2,915 participants between the ages of 18 and 45 were included, of whom 389 were infertile. We observed that depression was strongly associated with an increased risk of infertility (OR=1.66, 95%CI: 1.19, 2.33), and this relationship remained significant in mild (OR=1.45, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.93), moderate (OR=1.89, 95% CI: 1.26, 2.84), and severe depression (OR=1.74, 95% CI: 1.02, 2.99). Mediation analysis showed that obesity mediated 7.15% and 15.91% of the relationship between depression and infertility for body mass index and waist circumference. Furthermore, depression significantly increased the risk of infertility in both the general obesity (OR=1.81, 95%CI=1.20-2.73, P&lt;0.01) and abdominal obesity populations (OR=1.57, 95%CI=1.08-2.27, P=0.02) populations. In addition, the MR analysis also revealed a significant positive causal relationship between genetically predicted depression and infertility (OR=1.32, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.70).ConclusionDepression is associated with an increased risk of infertility, with obesity playing a significant mediating role. This study underscores the importance of incorporating mental health and weight management in infertility treatment strategies.
The dynamics of urbanization, land use land cover changes, and land expropriation in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Ayenachew Yeshitla Agonafir , Abebe Birhanu Girma 
Published: August 2024

Over the past two decades, Addis Ababa has witnessed a relentless transformation in its land use and land cover. Primarily driven by the conversion of agricultural land through extensive expropriation in the city’s expansion areas. The study explores the dynamic land use land cover changes and associated land expropriations from peri-urban farmers in the rapidly growing Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The study utilized a time series of global land cover and land-use change datasets (GLAD) covering the years 2000–2020. Moreover, empirical data is gathered through a household survey conducted among 349 systematically selected expropriated farmers across four sub-cities of Addis Ababa. The findings underscore a profound shift in the city’s land use and land cover over the past two decades. The built-up area emerges as the predominant land cover, witnessing a substantial increase of 25.28% (13,150.30 ha) over the past two decades. Concurrently, agricultural land and vegetation cover decreased by 15.92% and 9.35%, respectively, indicating a significant outward expansion of the city. This expansive growth, driven by the city’s rapid development, has resulted in extensive land expropriations primarily affecting peri-urban farmers. The expropriations were mainly for housing, investment, industrial parks, and infrastructure development. Thus, we urge the city administration to carefully manage the horizontal expansion of built-up areas at the expense of the agricultural land and vegetation cover. Finally, we recommend holistic and sustainable development strategies, developed collaboratively with local communities and planners, to safeguard the long-term wellbeing of city residents.
Energy storage of Indonesian community forest tree species employing allometry equations for designing the next strategies
Authors: Wirabuana Pandu Y. A. P. , Mulyana Budi , Baral Himlal , Hendrati Rina L. , Nurtjahjaningsih I. L. G. , Mashudi  , Setiadi Dedi , Pudjiono Sugeng , Sumardi  , Baskorowati Liliana 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionThis study estimates community forest tree species’ energy using allometric models. Accurate tree-level energy stock estimation is needed to evaluate community forest tree species for renewable energy development. Three commercial species in community forests utilized as temporary energy sources, Falcataria moluccana, Swietenia macrophylla, and Tectona grandis were sampled by cutting 45 trees. Those tree types were investigated as co-firing materials supplied by the community while the region develops a strategy including finding the best species for continuous wood energy stock to power Java and Bali.MethodsThis study recorded data to compare with the potential determined fast-growing species established specifically for the next annual energy stock. Multiplying the biomass calorific value gave each tree component’s energy stock and adding all energy stock tree components result in an estimate for each tree. Regression analysis was used to make allometric models that use diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height as predictors.ResultsThe calorific value of components varied among species, with foliage having the highest (5,021.24 ± 39.37 kcal kg−1), followed by stem (4,352.8 ± 32.07 kcal kg−1) and branches (4,200.11 ± 33.54 kcal kg−1). Thus, leaves could be used for energy as trees are harvested for timber. All species stored most energy in stems (60.59 0.97%), branches (27.04 1.13%), and leaves (12.38 0.84%).DiscussionAs DBH classes grew, the energy stock of stems and branches improved but foliage fell. With adjusted R2adj of 0.84–0.99 and root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.03–0.64, allometric models accurately assessed species energy stocks in each component and the overall tree. Tree height does not necessarily improve model accuracy; therefore, each species had a different best-fit model. Generalized allometric models for all species might estimate component and tree energy storage and our study demonstrated that allometric models could measure community forest tree species energy stocks. These should also be estimated for the next species for co-firing wood biomass when coppice harvest is applied. The above alternative species and the proposed much faster-growing species for co-firing are compared.
Exploration of the ubiquitination-related molecular classification and signature to predict the survival and immune microenvironment in colon cancer
Authors: Xu Ji-Zhong , Wan Tian-Qi , Su Jin-Song , Song Jun-Min 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundUbiquitination, a major post-translational modification, significantly impacts tumorigenesis, progression, and prognosis. This study aims to classify colon cancer at the molecular level and create a reliable signature using ubiquitination-related genes (URGs) to assess the immune microenvironment and prognosis.MethodsWe employed non-negative matrix factorization to subtype colon cancer based on ubiquitination-related gene (URG) expression patterns. Quantitative scores for 28 immune cell infiltrates and the tumor microenvironment were computed using single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) and the Estimate algorithm. Subtype feature genes were selected through Lasso logistic regression and SVM-RFE algorithm. The ubiquitination-related signature was constructed using univariate Cox, Lasso, and stepwise regression methods to categorize patients into high and low-risk groups. Validation included log-rank tests, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, decision curve analysis (DCA), and external dataset validation. Immune therapy response was compared using Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE), Immunophenoscore (IPS), and submap analyses. Clinical variables and risk scores were integrated into an enhanced nomogram. The early diagnostic value of four URGs was confirmed via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. The cell proliferation was assessed through colony formation, EdU staining, and xenograft tumorigenesis assays.ResultsPrognostic ubiquitination-related genes (URGs) stratified patients into subtypes, revealing differences in survival, immune cell infiltration, and pathological staging. A signature of 6 URGs (ARHGAP4, MID2, SIAH2, TRIM45, UBE2D2, WDR72) was identified from 57 subtype-related genes. The high-risk group exhibited characteristics indicative of enhanced epithelial-mesenchymal transition, immune escape, immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells, regulatory T cell infiltration, and lower immunogenicity. In contrast, the low-risk group demonstrated the opposite trend but showed a better response to CTLA4 checkpoint inhibitors. The predictive performance of the nomogram significantly improved with the integration of risk score, stage, and age. ARHGAP4 and SIAH2 exhibit promising early diagnostic capabilities. Additionally, WDR72 knockdown significantly inhibited CRC cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo.ConclusionOur developed ubiquitination-related signature and genes serve as promising biomarkers for colon cancer prognosis, immune microenvironment, and diagnosis.
Bacterial pneumonia patients with elevated globulin levels did not get infected with SARS-CoV-2: two case reports
Authors: Zhong Qi , Lin Qiu-mei , Long Hong-bin , Liao Cai-xia , Sun Xiao-xiao , Yang Miao-du , Zhang Zhi-hao , Huang Yi-hua , Wang Shi-min , Yang Zhao-shou 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundCOVID-19 began in December 2019, rapidly spreading worldwide. China implemented a dynamic zero-COVID strategy and strict control measures after the outbreak. However, Guangzhou city ended closed-off management by the end of November 2022, leading to exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Despite most hospitalized patients being infected or co-infected with SARS-CoV-2, some remained uninfected. We report two cases of bacterial pneumonia with elevated globulin levels not infected with SARS-CoV-2, aiming to identify protection factors of SARS-CoV-2 infection and provide a scientific basis for SARS-CoV-2 prevention.Case presentationCase 1, a 92-year-old male, admitted on October 21, 2022, developed worsening cough and sputum after aspiration, diagnosed with bacterial pneumonia with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli (CRE) and carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) infections. He was treated with imipenem anti-infective therapy and mechanical ventilation, then switched to a combination of meropenem, voriconazole and amikacin anti-infective therapy due to recurrent infections and septic shock, and died of sepsis on 8 January 2023. Case 2 is an 82-year-old male admitted on 30 September 2022, with recurrent cough, sputum, and shortness of breath, diagnosed with bacterial pneumonia with carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) and Mycobacterium pneumoniae infections. He was treated with ventilator-assisted ventilation, meropenem, amikacin, tigecycline and mucomycin nebulization and discharged with improvement on 26 October. He was readmitted on 21 November 2022 and diagnosed with bacterial pneumonia. He was treated with cefoperazone sulbactam, amikacin, meropenem and fluconazole and discharged on 31 December. Neither patient was infected with SARS-CoV-2 during hospitalization. Notably, their globulin levels were elevated before SARS-CoV-2 exposure, gradually decreasing afterward.ConclusionsPatients with bacterial pneumonia with high globulin levels likely have large amounts of immunoglobulin, and that immunoglobulin cross-reactivity causes this protein to be involved in clearing SARS-CoV-2 and preventing infection. Therefore, bacterial pneumonia patients with high globulin levels included in this study were not infected with SARS-CoV-2. After exposure to SARS-CoV-2, the amount of globulin in the patient’s body was reduced because it was used to clear SARS-CoV-2. The results of this study are expected to provide a theoretical basis for the study of the mechanism of prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Antigen-specific T helper cells and cytokine profiles predict intensity and longevity of cellular and humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccination
Authors: Page Lukas , Dennehy Kevin , Mueller Katharina , Girl Philipp , Loell Eva , Buijze Hellen , Classen Johanna-Maria , Messmann Helmut , Roemmele Christoph , Hoffmann Reinhard , Wurster Sebastian , Fuchs Andre 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionPre-existent pools of coronavirus-specific or cross-reactive T cells were shown to shape the development of cellular and humoral immune responses after primary mRNA vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. However, the cellular determinants of responses to booster vaccination remain incompletely understood. Therefore, we phenotypically and functionally characterized spike antigen-specific T helper (Th) cells in healthy, immunocompetent individuals and correlated the results with cellular and humoral immune responses to BNT162b2 booster vaccination over a six-month period. MethodsBlood of 30 healthy healthcare workers was collected before, 1, 3, and 6 months after their 3rd BNT162b2 vaccination. Whole blood was stimulated with spike peptides and analyzed using flow cytometry, a 13-plex cytokine assay, and nCounter-based transcriptomics. ResultsSpike-specific IgG levels at 1 month after booster vaccination correlated with pre-existing CD154+CD69+IFN-γ+CD4+ effector memory cells as well as spike-induced IL-2 and IL-17A secretion. Early post-booster (1-month) spike IgG levels (r=0.49), spike-induced IL‑2 (r=0.58), and spike-induced IFN‑γ release (r=0.43) correlated moderately with their respective long-term (6-month) responses. Sustained robust IgG responses were significantly associated with S-specific (CD69+±CD154+±IFN-γ+) Th-cell frequencies before booster vaccination (p=0.038), especially double/triple-positive type-1 Th cells. Furthermore, spike IgG levels, spike-induced IL‑2 release, and spike-induced IFN‑γ release after 6 months were significantly associated with increased IL‑2 &amp; IL‑4, IP‑10 &amp; MCP1, and IFN‑γ &amp; IP‑10 levels at 1 month post-booster, respectively. On the transcriptional level, induction of pathways associated with both T-cell proliferation and antigen presentation was indicative of sustained spike-induced cytokine release and spike-specific IgG production 6 months post-booster. Using support vector machine models, pre-booster spike-specific T-cell frequencies and early post-booster cytokine responses predicted sustained (6-month) responses with F1 scores of 0.80-1.00.DiscussionIn summary, spike-specific Th cells and T-cellular cytokine signatures present before BNT162b2 booster vaccination shape sustained adaptive cellular and humoral responses post-booster. Functional T-cell assays might facilitate early identification of potential non-responders.