bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Approximation to the moments of ratios of cumulative sums
Authors: Shi Xiaoping , Reid Nancy , Wu Yuehua 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe propose an approximation to the mean of the ratio of cumulative sums of a sequence of independently distributed nonnegative random variables. Both leading term and higher‐order saddlepoint approximations are presented, and the results are applied to a vector ratio approximation, change‐point analysis, and kernel regression. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 42: 325–336; 2014 © 2014 Statistical Society of Canada
Estimating a treatment effect under uncertainty with application to a high‐speed railway system
Authors: Miyawaki Koji 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis article proposes new treatment effect models and applies them to analyse the effect of high‐speed railways on population density. These models focus on the difference in treatment intensity across treated observations. The difference in treatment intensity occurs as a result of uncertainty over whether the treatment will be properly administered to observations. When evaluating large infrastructure, such as high‐speed railways, the introduction of infrastructure is considered as the treatment for municipalities. The treatment in such cases usually takes time and poses uncertainty whether it will be complete or not. To address such uncertainty, we extend the Roy model—a typical treatment effect model—under a reasonable assumption to enable it to incorporate observations that are treated but their treatment is not complete. Further, we allow the correlation between how these observations are determined and their outcomes and treatment assignments. This article also discusses the identification problem with respect to estimating model parameters. The proposed statistical models are applied to evaluate the effect of the Shinkansen, a high‐speed railway in Japan, on population density. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 42: 337–358; 2014 © 2014 Statistical Society of Canada
Function points‐based resource prediction in cloud computing
Authors: Sood Sandeep K. 
Published: May 2014

SummaryAs a result of varying demands of computing resources by the users on cloud, resource provisioning in cloud computing has come out as a prominent topic of research. Many researchers have focused exclusively on the technical and security aspects of cloud computing, thereby neglecting the efficient provisioning of resources and the necessity of cloud services to be cost effective. Cloud consists of a large number of resources that are allocated to cloud customer's on‐demand. As demands cannot be static and constantly change with time, cloud service providers cannot adopt static provisioning of resources as there are chances of over‐provisioning or under‐provisioning. Therefore, to achieve efficient resource utilization, an optimized strategy that can deploy virtual machines on different physical machines according to resource requirements is the current need of cloud computing. That is, there must be a mechanism by which the total number of active physical nodes can be dynamically changed corresponding to their resource usage rate, thereby providing the efficient utilization of resources. In this paper, a linear regression‐based prediction model is proposed to predict the resource usage based on the number of function points computed from the users' requests. Thereafter, the artificial neural network is also used to predict the future resource requirements more accurately. The predicted resource usage results are used by a resource pool manager to manage the resources and allocate them to the users. The resource pool manager also uses an efficient load‐balancing algorithm to balance the load on each cloud service provider as well as to optimize cloud usage cost. With the help of this prediction model, the decision to allocate or release a virtual machine can be made proactively, thus making the cloud effective in terms of both cost and performance. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What are the benefits of parental care? The importance of parental effects on developmental rate
Authors: Klug Hope , Bonsall Michael B. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe evolution of parental care is beneficial if it facilitates offspring performance traits that are ultimately tied to offspring fitness. While this may seem self‐evident, the benefits of parental care have received relatively little theoretical exploration. Here, we develop a theoretical model that elucidates how parental care can affect offspring performance and which aspects of offspring performance (e.g., survival, development) are likely to be influenced by care. We begin by summarizing four general types of parental care benefits. Care can be beneficial if parents (1) increase offspring survival during the stage in which parents and offspring are associated, (2) improve offspring quality in a way that leads to increased offspring survival and/or reproduction in the future when parents are no longer associated with offspring, and/or (3) directly increase offspring reproductive success when parents and offspring remain associated into adulthood. We additionally suggest that parental control over offspring developmental rate might represent a substantial, yet underappreciated, benefit of care. We hypothesize that parents adjust the amount of time offspring spend in life‐history stages in response to expected offspring mortality, which in turn might increase overall offspring survival, and ultimately, fitness of parents and offspring. Using a theoretical evolutionary framework, we show that parental control over offspring developmental rate can represent a significant, or even the sole, benefit of care. Considering this benefit influences our general understanding of the evolution of care, as parental control over offspring developmental rate can increase the range of life‐history conditions (e.g., egg and juvenile mortalities) under which care can evolve.
Improvement of Transient Stability and Short‐Term Voltage Stability by Rapid Control of Batteries on EHV Network in Power Systems
Authors: Kawabe Kenichi , Yokoyama Akihiko 
Published: May 2014

SUMMARYThis research aims at development of new emergency control schemes using FACTS (flexible ac transmission systems) devices and BESS (battery energy storage systems) for prevention of cascading outages in bulk power systems. In this paper, the use of BESS is studied for the improvement of short‐term voltage stability from the viewpoint of voltage control. Based on the stabilizing control method proposed in our previous research to improve transient stability, a new control scheme is developed taking into account the finding that short‐term voltage stability is closely related to angle stability. An additional control system that limits active and reactive power absorption from the grid is applied to the stabilizing control system since the electrical power absorption drops the system voltages. Numerical simulations are conducted on two test systems with BESS to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for the improvement of both transient stability and short‐term voltage stability in severe fault cases such as a grounding fault and a generator trip. The results show the high potential of BESS for stability enhancement.
Analysis of Eddy‐Current Losses in Solid Iron Under dc‐Biased Magnetization Considering Minor Hysteresis Loops
Authors: Shima Kazuo , Fukami Tadashi , Miyata Kenji , Lee Chahn , Furukawa Yoko 
Published: May 2014

SUMMARYIn designing solid‐pole synchronous machines, it is important to take into account the surface eddy‐current losses in the field pole cores. In this study, a solid‐iron ring specimen is adopted as an approximate model of solid‐pole surfaces in order to conduct a fundamental study of the surface losses. The influence of the minor hysteresis loops on the losses under dc‐biased magnetization is investigated. The losses in the ring under dc‐biased magnetization are measured and analyzed by finite element analysis (FEA). The losses computed by the FEA considering minor loops are nearly the same as those measured. In contrast, the eddy‐current losses computed by FEA without considering minor loops are considerably inaccurate because the incremental permeability is overestimated and the skin depth is underestimated. It is important to consider hysteresis for the accurate calculation of the surface eddy‐current losses under dc‐biased magnetization.
Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling of Aryl Sulfonates with Arylboronic Acids Using a Morpholine–Pd(OAc)2 Catalyst System
Authors: Abe Taichi , Mino Takashi , Watanabe Kohei , Yagishita Fumitoshi , Sakamoto Masami 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe report a new catalyst system, a morpholine–Pd(OAc)2 complex, for Suzuki–Miyaura coupling of aryl tosylates or mesylates with arylboronic acids to give biaryl compounds. The morpholine–Pd(OAc)2 catalyst system is proposed to be a precursor of the catalytically active species in the coupling reaction. Aryl chlorides and aryl triflates can also be used in this coupling reaction. Altogether, 22 biaryl compounds were obtained using this catalyst system.
Concise Preparation of Optically Active Heteroaryl α‐(Hydroxyamino) Esters
Authors: Murat‐Onana Marie Laure , Berini Christophe , Denis Jean‐Noël , Poisson Jean‐François , Minassian Frédéric , Pelloux‐Léon Nadia 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA practical sequence for the synthesis of optically active heteroaryl α‐(hydroxyamino) esters was explored. The highly diastereoselective addition of heteroaromatics to a cyclic chiral nitrone allowed access to a series of heteroaryl hydroxylamines. The scope of this reaction was evaluated on substrates possessing a pyrrole, an indole, or a furan core. The three‐step sequence afforded the α‐(hydroxyamino) esters in good overall yields (36–62 %) with good enantiomeric excess values (76 to ≥98 %).
Impact of tetrahedralization on parallel conforming octree mesh generation
Authors: Ghisi Igor T. , Camata Jose J. , Coutinho Alvaro L. G. A. 
Published: May 2014

SUMMARYThis work discusses the performance impact from the tetrahedralization of non‐conforming meshes generated by a parallel octree method capable of handling arbitrary immersed geometries. First, we review conforming techniques for meshes created from octrees. Then we implement a tetrahedralization scheme based on templates in a parallel meshing algorithm that uses a linear octree with 2:1 balancing constraint. Besides, we also propose a change on the partitioning strategy for the same meshing algorithm to improve the octree refinement load balancing. Scalability analyses show that the chosen tetrahedralization technique preserves algorithm performance. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biomedical coatings on polyethylene terephthalate artificial ligaments
Authors: Li Hong , Chen Shiyi 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis review comprehensively covers research conducted to enhance polyethylene terephthalate (PET) artificial ligament osseointegration in the bone tunnel. These strategies, using biocompatible or bioactive coatings, had a positive effect in promoting PET ligament osseointegration by increasing bone formation and decreasing fibrous scar tissue at the ligament‐to‐bone interface. The improved osseointegration can be translated into a significant increase in the biomechanical pull‐out loads. However, the load‐to‐failure of coated ligament is far lower than that of native ACL. Coatings to promote intra‐articular ligamentization are also discussed in this study. Collectively, our investigations may arouse further study of the biological coating of PET artificial ligaments in order to effectively enhance ligament osseointegration and promote artificial ligament ligamentization. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 839–845, 2015.
Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4α (HNF4α) in Coordination With Retinoic Acid Receptors Increases all‐trans‐Retinoic Acid‐Dependent CYP26A1 Gene Expression in HepG2 Human Hepatocytes
Authors: Zolfaghari Reza , Ross A. Catharine 
Published: May 2014

AbstractCYP26A1 expression is very highly induced by retinoic acid (RA) in the liver, compared to most other tissues, suggesting that a liver‐enriched factor may be required for its physiological transcriptional response. HNF4α is a highly conserved liver‐specific/enriched member of nuclear receptor superfamily. In this study, we hypothesized that HNF4α and RARs may cooperate in an RA‐dependent manner to induce a high level of CYP26A1 expression in liver cells. Partial inhibition of endogenous HNF4α by siRNA reduced the level of RA‐induced CYP26A1 mRNA in HepG2 cells. Cotransfection of HNF4α, with or without RARs, demonstrated RA‐dependent activation of a human CYP26A1 promoter‐luciferase construct. Analysis of a 2.5‐kbp putative CYP26A1 promoter sequence identified five potential HNF4α DNA response elements: H1 located in a proximal region overlapping with an RAR element‐1 (RARE1 or R1); H2 and H3 in the distal region, close to RARE2 (R2) and RARE3 (R3); and H4 and H5 in intermediary regions. In EMSA and ChIP analyses HNF4α and RARs binding in the proximal and distal CYP26A1 promoter regions was significantly higher in RA‐treated cells. Mutational analysis of the individual HNF4α DNA‐response elements identified H1 as the major site for HNF4α binding because mutation of H1 inhibited the promoter activity by ~90%, followed by H2 mutation with less than 40% inhibition. Our results indicate that HNF4α coordinates with RARs in an RA‐dependent manner to strongly induce CYP26A1 gene expression in the liver, which may explain the high level of response to RA observed in vivo. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 1740–1751, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preserving Neural Retina Through Re‐Emerging Herbal Interventions
Authors: Anand Akshay , Modgil Shweta , Sharma Vijay Lakshmi , Shri Richa , Kaushik Sushmita 
Published: May 2014

AbstractEye related diseases such as glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, cataract, conjunctivitis are very common worldwide. With the current scenario India will be among the top five countries in the number of glaucoma cases. Limited discovery of successful drugs for the treatment of such diseases led scientists to look towards the use of conventional sources for treatment. Herbal extracts from Ayurveda have remained an important part of treatment regime in many parts of world even today. For this reason, local herbs possessing curative properties are still being used by local inhabitants due to its anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Because retinal damage involves alterations in oxidative enzymes, blood flow changes and increase in apoptotic signals, herbal extracts are being tested for their ability to moderate antioxidant machinery and trigger neuroprotective pathways. The present review summarizes some of such herbal extracts which have been tested for their neuroprotective role in eye related diseases. The active components that exert neuroprotective effects have also been discussed along with possible mechanisms of action. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 1659–1668, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Identification and Characterization of MicroRNAs in the Spleen of Common Carp Immune Organ
Authors: Li Guoxi , Zhao Yinli , Wen Lin , Liu Zhonghu , Yan Fengbin , Gao Chunsheng 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTMicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the regulation of many fundamental biological processes in eukaryotes; however, miRNAs associated with immune functions in the common carp have not been reported. In this study, a small‐RNA cDNA library was constructed from the spleen of the common carp. A total of 10,603,456 high‐quality clean reads, representing 293,603 unique sequences, were obtained from the small‐cDNA library using the Solexa sequencing. By the bioinformatic analysis, 194 conserved miRNAs and 12 novel miRNAs were identified in the carp spleen. The abundant miRNAs principally belong to 30 miRNA gene families such as let‐7, mir‐10, mir‐15, mir‐30, and so on. The conservation analysis showed that 23 families were present both in protostomes and deuterostomes, 46 families were conserved only in vertebrates, and 5 families (mir‐430, mir‐722, mir‐724, mir‐734, and mir‐738) were identified only in fish species. Furthermore, GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis suggested that miRNAs expressed in the spleen of common carp are involved in immune system development, lymphoid organ development, lymphocyte activation, immune response, B cell receptor signaling pathway, T cell receptor signaling pathway, Fc gamma R‐mediated phagocytosis, Toll‐like receptor signaling pathway, and so on. This study described the miRNA transcriptome in spleen tissue for the first time in the common carp. The results expand the number of known common carp miRNAs and provides a meaningful framework to understand the common carp immune system and defense mechanisms. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 1768–1778, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hydrogen peroxide staining to visualize intracellular bacterial infections of seedling root cells
Authors: White James F. , Torres Mónica S. , Somu Mohini P. , Johnson Holly , Irizarry Ivelisse , Chen Qiang , Zhang Ning , Walsh Emily , Tadych Mariusz , Bergen Marshall 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTVisualization of bacteria in living plant cells and tissues is often problematic due to lack of stains that pass through living plant cell membranes and selectively stain bacterial cells. In this article, we report the use of 3,3′‐diaminobenzidine tetrachloride (DAB) to stain hydrogen peroxide associated with bacterial invasion of eukaryotic cells. Tissues were counterstained with aniline blue/lactophenol to stain protein in bacterial cells. Using this staining method to visualize intracellular bacterial (Burkholderia gladioli) colonization of seedling roots of switch grass (Panicum virgatum), we compared bacterial free seedling roots and those inoculated with the bacterium. To further assess application of the technique in multiple species of vascular plants, we examined vascular plants for seedling root colonization by naturally occurring seed‐transmitted bacteria. Colonization by bacteria was only observed to occur within epidermal (including root hairs) and cortical cells of root tissues, suggesting that bacteria may not be penetrating deeply into root tissues. DAB/peroxidase with counter stain aniline blue/lactophenol was effective in penetration of root cells to selectively stain bacteria. Furthermore, this stain combination permitted the visualization of the bacterial lysis process. Before any evidence of H2O2 staining, intracellular bacteria were seen to stain blue for protein content with aniline blue/lactophenol. After H2O2 staining became evident, bacteria were often swollen, without internal staining by aniline blue/lactophenol; this suggests loss of protein content. This staining method was effective for seedling root tissues; however, it was not effective at staining bacteria in shoot tissues due to poor penetration. Microsc. Res. Tech. 77:566–573, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assessment of green cleaning effectiveness on polychrome surfaces byMALDI‐TOFmass spectrometry and microscopic imaging
Authors: Hrdlickova Kuckova Stepanka , Crhova Krizkova Michaela , Pereira Catarina Luísa Cortes , Hynek Radovan , Lavrova Olga , Busani Tito , Branco Luis Cobra , Sandu Irina Crina Anca 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTThis article proposes an innovative methodology which employs nondestructive techniques to assess the effectiveness of new formulations based on ionic liquids, as alternative solvents for enzymes (proteases), for the removal of proteinaceous materials from painted surfaces during restoration treatments. Ionic liquids (ILs), also known as “designer” solvents, because of their peculiar properties which can be adjusted by selecting different cation‐anion combinations, are potentially green solvents due totheir low vapour pressure. In this study, two ionic liquids were selected: IL1 (1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIM][BF4])) and IL2 (1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium ethylsulphate ([EMIM][EtSO4])). New formulations were prepared with these ILs and two different proteases (E): one acid (E1—pepsin) and one alkaline (E2—obtained fromAspergillus sojae). These formulations were tested on tempera and oil mock‐up samples, prepared in accordance with historically documented recipes, and covered with two different types of protein‐based varnishes (egg white and isinglass—fish glue). A noninvasive multiscale imaging methodology was applied before and after the treatment to evaluate the cleaning's effectiveness. Different microscopic techniques—optical microscopy (OM) with visible and fluorescent light, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM)—together with Matrix‐Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization—Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) were applied on areas cleaned with the new formulations (IL + E) and reference areas cleaned only with the commercial enzyme formulations (gels). MALDI‐TOF proved particularly very useful for comparing the diversity and abundance of peptides released by using different enzymatic systems.Microsc. Res. Tech. 77:574–585, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Portal vein embolization using absolute ethanol: evaluation of its safety and efficacy
Authors: Igami Tsuyoshi , Ebata Tomoki , Yokoyama Yukihiro , Sugawara Gen , Takahashi Yu , Nagino Masato 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundPreviously, we reported on the clinical efficacy and safety of portal vein embolization (PVE) with fibrin glue. Our embolic materials for PVE changed from fibrin glue to absolute ethanol (EOH) after 2001 due to prohibition of using fibrin glue for PVE. With introducing our technique of PVE with EOH, we evaluated its safety and efficacy with attention to the amount of EOH.MethodsThe medical records of 154 patients who underwent PVE using EOH were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsChanges with time in both the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) after PVE returned to the initial condition within 7 days after PVE. In the 96 patients who underwent CT volumerty 14 to 21 days after PVE, the volume of the embolized lobe decreased from 701 ± 165 cm3 to 549 ± 148 cm3 (P < 0.0001). Meanwhile, the volume of the non‐embolized lobe increased from 388 ± 105 cm3 to 481 ± 113 cm3 (P < 0.0001). On simple linear regression, the amount of EOH was positively correlated with both the maximum of AST and that of ALT after PVE; however, it never correlated with changes in liver volume after PVE.ConclusionsPortal vein embolization with EOH has a substantial effect on both hypertrophy of the non‐embolized lobe and atrophy of the embolized lobe. Quick recoveries of changes with time in AST and ALT after PVE proved that PVE with EOH is a safe procedure. The amount of EOH affected the extent of liver damage but had no clinical effects on changes in liver volume after PVE.