bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A variant of Baptista's encryption scheme
Authors: Kanso Ali , Ghebleh M. , Noura Hassan 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe idea of employing chaotic maps in building encryption schemes has attracted the attention of many researchers since the late 1980s. In 1998, M.S. Baptista proposed an elegant encryption scheme based on a one–dimensional chaotic map. Many variants of this scheme have been proposed. Baptista's scheme and some of its variants have been subjected to cryptanalytic attacks such as the one‐time pad attack and the entropy attack. We propose a variant of Baptista's encryption scheme based on two coupled one–dimensional chaotic maps, which also employs mixing, that is, every character in the ciphertext depends on all preceding plaintext characters. Our proposed scheme overcomes the aforementioned attacks. Empirical results show that this idea improves the performance of the scheme. Baptista's approach generates a ciphertext, which is generally larger than the plaintext, but the distribution of the ciphertext symbols allows compression. Simulation results verify that our proposed scheme accommodates better compression rates than the original scheme. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient revocable certificateless public key encryption with a delegated revocation authority
Authors: Tsai Tung‐Tso , Tseng Yuh‐Min , Huang Sen‐Shan 
Published: June 2015

AbstractQuite recently, Shen et al. proposed a revocable certificateless public key encryption (RCL‐PKE) scheme in the standard model, in which the key generation center (KGC) can efficiently revoke misbehaving or compromised users. However, their scheme was shown to be insecure. Moreover, the work of revoking users is executed only by the KGC, and their scheme requires high computation cost. In this paper, we propose the first secure RCL‐PKE scheme with a delegated revocation authority in the standard model. We emphasize that the delegated revocation authority shares the responsibility for user revocation to reduce the load of the KGC and provide the revocation flexibility. When compared with Shen et al.'s scheme, our scheme has better performance in terms of each user's private key size and computation cost. Under the decisional bilinear Diffie–Hellman and collision‐resistant hash function assumptions, we demonstrate that the proposed RCL‐PKE scheme is semantically secure in the standard model. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Deadline scheduling in the Linux kernel
Authors: Lelli Juri , Scordino Claudio , Abeni Luca , Faggioli Dario 
Published: June 2015

SummaryDuring the last decade, there has been a considerable interest in using Linux in real‐time systems, especially for industrial control. The simple and elegant design of Linux guarantees reliability and very good performance, while its open‐source license allows to modify and change the source code according to the user needs. However, Linux has been designed to be a general‐purpose operating system. Therefore, it presents some issues like unpredictable latencies and limited support for real‐time scheduling. In this paper, we present our experience in the design and implementation of the real‐time scheduler that has been recently included in the Linux kernel. The scheduler is based on the Resource Reservation paradigm, which allows to enforce temporal isolation between the running tasks. We describe the genesis of the project, the challenges we have encountered, the implementation details and the API offered to the programmers. Then, we show the experimental results measured on a real hardware. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lokalisierung des initialen Versagens bei Verbundsicherheitsglas unter stoßartiger Belastung
Authors: Alter Christian , Manthei Gerd , Kolling Stefan , Schneider Jens 
Published: June 2015

AbstractUm Finite‐Elemente‐Simulationen von Verbundsicherheitsglas unter stoßartiger Belastung hinsichtlich ihrer Genauigkeit zu überprüfen werden quasistatische und dynamische Validierungsversuche mit einem speziell entwickelten Impaktor durchgeführt. Maßgeblich für die Güte der FEM‐Rechnung ist die Prognose des initialen Risses im Glas. Zu dessen Lokalisation wird eine Schallemissionsmessung durchgeführt und die Ergebnisse mit der Ortung über eine optische 3D‐Hochgeschwindigkeitsmessung verglichen.Localization of initial failure in laminated glass under impact loading. Component tests with laminated glass under impact loading up to fracture are performed for validation of the predictability of numerical simulations. Apart from the stiffness of the structure the prediction of the initial crack is essential for validation with respect to the post breakage behavior. In the present work quasi static and dynamic tests are performed with respect of the deformation and the breakage behavior. In order to locate the initial failure during the tests an acoustic emission analyses is applied and checked by a three‐dimensional high‐speed digital image correlation measurement.
Concise Review: Quiescence in Adult Stem Cells: Biological Significance and Relevance to Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Rumman Mohammad , Dhawan Jyotsna , Kassem Moustapha 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Adult stem cells (ASCs) are tissue resident stem cells responsible for tissue homeostasis and regeneration following injury. In uninjured tissues, ASCs exist in a nonproliferating, reversibly cell cycle-arrested state known as quiescence or G0. A key function of the quiescent state is to preserve stemness in ASCs by preventing precocious differentiation, and thus maintaining a pool of undifferentiated ASCs. Recent evidences suggest that quiescence is an actively maintained state and that excessive or defective quiescence may lead to compromised tissue regeneration or tumorigenesis. The aim of this review is to provide an update regarding the biological mechanisms of ASC quiescence and their role in tissue regeneration. Stem Cells 2015;33:2903—2912
ACR Select Identifies Inappropriate Underutilization of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in British Columbia
Authors: Eddy Kathleen , Beaton Adam , Eddy Richard , Mathieson John 
Published: June 2015

Purpose A study was performed to evaluate the ACR Select software in determining the level of appropriateness of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in Island Health in British Columbia. Methods A total of 1228 consecutive CT and MRI studies performed in a 3-day period were entered into a software program provided by the National Decision Support Company based on the ACR Appropriateness Criteria. The program was able to analyze 93% (1141) of these studies. A subset of these requisitions was manually reviewed. Results The software program demonstrated a very low 2.5% inappropriate rate and manual review showed an even lower number of 0.6%. In a sample of studies deemed to be appropriate by the software, manual review agreed with this ranking in all cases. In addition, in 20% of cases where CT was done, the software program suggested that MRI would be a more appropriate choice. Conclusions First, the ACR Select software is a useful tool to assess appropriateness of CT and MRI, although it may underestimate the level of appropriateness of studies labeled as inappropriate. Second, CT and MRI are being ordered appropriately in Island Health in British Columbia. The software recommendation of MRI as more appropriate in 20% of cases where CT was done suggests a lack of MRI resources in Island Health.
The role of specific early trauma in adult depression: A meta-analysis of published literature. Childhood trauma and adult depression
Authors: Mandelli L. , Petrelli C. , Serretti A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundA large literature has long focused on the role of trauma in childhood and risk for psychological disorders in adulthood. Despite several studies performed, to date, it is not clear which weight have different childhood stressors specifically on the risk for depression in adult life. In the present study, we performed a meta-analysis of the literature in order to assess the effective role of childhood traumas as risk factor in the onset of depressive disorders in adults.MethodsPreviously published papers investigating the exposure to childhood trauma and their association with depression in adult subjects were retrieved in literature through common databases. Meta-analysis was conducted by the RevMan software. The quality of studies was evaluated by an adapted version of the New-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale; bias publication was evaluated by the Egger's test. Meta-regression analysis was employed to detect potential confounders and/or moderating variables. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was post-hoc performed to control for potential confounders.ResultsEmotional abuse showed the strongest association with depression (OR = 2.78) followed by neglect (OR = 2.75) and sexual abuse (OR = 2.42). Significant associations were also found for domestic violence (OR = 2.06) and physical abuse (OR = 1.98). Nevertheless, in post-hoc analysis, emotional abuse and neglect showed the strongest associations with depression as compared to other kinds of child trauma.ConclusionsThese findings support the role of neglect and emotional abuse as significantly associated to depression. Sexual/physical abuse or violence in family may be unspecific risk factors for mental disturbance. Other kind of trauma may play a less relevant role in risk of adult depression, though they should be not underestimated.
BCG related complications
Authors: Alfawaz Tariq S. , Alshehri Mohammed , Alshahrani Dayel 
Published: June 2015

Background and objectives:
Although the BCG vaccine is usually a safe vaccine, a number of complications can occur, such as adverse local reactions, regional lymphadenitis, osteomyelitis and disseminated infection in immunocompromised children, with lymphadenitis being the most common complication. Our objective to describe the associated clinical char-acteristics and outcomes.

Materials and methods:
This was a prospective observational study conducted over two year’s period.

Results:
100 patients were enrolled with (62%) males and (38%) females. 93 cases (93%) have nodes involvement with a total of 103 nodes was reported as follow: Axillary, supraclavicle, cervical with number of 75(72.8%), 23(22.3%), 5(4.9%) respectively. (55.3%) resulted in suppu-ration, and (44.7%) with non-suppuration. Only 3 cases (3%) had severe disease with dissemi-nation, (88.3%) had small size nodes (< 3 cm), and (11.7%) with large size nodes (>3 cm). (88%) had self-limited disease, and node disappears between (8-168 weeks).

Conclusion:
In the Majority of BCG related lymphadenitis is a benign condition with sponta-neous healing. Also there is Increase incidence of association between BCG vaccine and serious disseminated infections in immunodeficiency cases.
A 22‐single nucleotide polymorphism Alzheimer's disease risk score correlates with family history, onset age, and cerebrospinal fluid Aβ42
Authors: Sleegers Kristel , Bettens Karolien , De Roeck Arne , Van Cauwenberghe Caroline , Cuyvers Elise , Verheijen Jan , Struyfs Hanne , Van Dongen Jasper , Vermeulen Steven , Engelborghs Sebastiaan , Vandenbulcke Mathieu , Vandenberghe Rik , De Deyn Peter Paul , Van Broeckhoven Christine ,   BELNEU consortium
Published: June 2015

AbstractIntroductionThe ability to identify individuals at increased genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) may streamline biomarker and drug trials and aid clinical and personal decision making.MethodsWe evaluated the discriminative ability of a genetic risk score (GRS) covering 22 published genetic risk loci for AD in 1162 Flanders‐Belgian AD patients and 1019 controls and assessed correlations with family history, onset age, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers (Aβ1–42, T‐Tau, P‐Tau181P).ResultsA GRS including all single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and age‐specific APOE ε4 weights reached area under the curve (AUC) 0.70, which increased to AUC 0.78 for patients with familial predisposition. Risk of AD increased with GRS (odds ratio, 2.32 (95% confidence interval 2.08–2.58 per unit; P < 1.0e−15). Onset age and CSF Aβ1–42 decreased with increasing GRS (Ponset_age = 9.0e−11; PAβ = 8.9e−7).DiscussionThe discriminative ability of this 22‐SNP GRS is still limited, but these data illustrate that incorporation of age‐specific weights improves discriminative ability. GRS‐phenotype correlations highlight the feasibility of identifying individuals at highest susceptibility.
Mechanical stress related to brain atrophy in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Nogueira Marcel Levy , Lafitte Olivier , Steyaert Jean‐Marc , Bakardjian Hovagim , Dubois Bruno , Hampel Harald , Schwartz Laurent 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIntroductionThe effects related to endogenous mechanical energy in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology have been widely overlooked. With the support of available data from literature and mathematical arguments, we hypothesize that brain atrophy in AD could be co‐driven by the cumulative impact of the pressure within brain tissues.MethodsBrain volumetric and physical data in AD and normal aging (NA) were extracted from the literature. Average brain shrinkage and axial deformations were evaluated mathematically. Mechanical stress equivalents related to brain shrinkage were calculated using a conservation law derived from fluid and solid mechanics.ResultsPressure equivalents of 5.92 and 3.43 mm Hg were estimated in AD and in NA, respectively.DiscussionThe calculated increments of brain mechanical stress in AD, which could be impacted by marked dampening of arterial pulse waves, may point to the need to expand the focus on the mechanical processes underpinning pathologic aging of the brain.
Loss‐of‐function mutation in ABCA1 and risk of Alzheimer's disease and cerebrovascular disease
Authors: Nordestgaard Liv Tybjærg , Tybjærg‐Hansen Anne , Nordestgaard Børge G. , Frikke‐Schmidt Ruth 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIntroductionThe adenosine triphosphate‐binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) is a major cholesterol transporter highly expressed in the liver and brain. In the brain, ABCA1 lipidates apolipoprotein E (apoE), facilitates clearance of amyloid‐β, and may be involved in maintenance of the blood‐brain barrier via apoE‐mediated pathways.MethodsWe tested whether a loss‐of‐function mutation in ABCA1, N1800H, is associated with plasma levels of apoE and with risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in 92,726 individuals and with risk of cerebrovascular disease in 64,181 individuals.ResultsN1800H AC (0.2%) versus AA (99.8%) was associated with a 13% lower plasma level of apoE (P = 1 × 10−11). Multifactorially adjusted hazard ratios for N1800H AC versus AA were 4.13 (95% confidence interval, 1.32–12.9) for AD, 2.46 (1.10–5.50) for cerebrovascular disease, and 8.28 (2.03–33.7) for the hemorrhagic stroke subtype.DiscussionA loss‐of‐function mutation in ABCA1, present in 1:500 individuals, was associated with low plasma levels of apoE and with high risk of AD and cerebrovascular disease in the general population.
Benchmarking biomarker‐based criteria for Alzheimer's disease: Data from the Swedish Dementia Registry, SveDem
Authors: Rosén Christoffer , Farahmand Bahman , Skillbäck Tobias , Nägga Katarina , Mattsson Niklas , Kilander Lena , Religa Dorota , Wimo Anders , Blennow Kaj , Winblad Bengt , Zetterberg Henrik , Eriksdotter Maria 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIntroductionNew research guidelines for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) include biomarker evidence of amyloid‐β (Aβ) and tau pathology. The aim of this study was to investigate what proportion of AD patients diagnosed in clinical routine in Sweden that had an AD‐indicative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker profile.MethodsBy cross‐referencing a laboratory database with the Swedish Dementia Registry (SveDem), 2357 patients with data on CSF Aβ and tau biomarkers and a clinical diagnosis of AD with dementia were acquired.ResultsAltogether, 77.2% had pathologic Aβ42 and total tau or phosphorylated tau in CSF. These results were stable across age groups. Female sex and low mini‐mental state examination score increased the likelihood of pathologic biomarkers.DiscussionAbout a quarter of clinically diagnosed AD patients did not have an AD‐indicative CSF biomarker profile. This discrepancy may partly reflect incorrect (false positive) clinical diagnosis or a lack in sensitivity of the biomarker assays.
Diagnostic value of lobar microbleeds in individuals without intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Martinez‐Ramirez Sergi , Romero Jose‐Rafael , Shoamanesh Ashkan , McKee Ann C. , Van Etten Ellis , Pontes‐Neto Octavio , Macklin Eric A. , Ayres Alison , Auriel Eitan , Himali Jayandra J. , Beiser Alexa S. , DeCarli Charles , Stein Thor D. , Alvarez Victor E. , Frosch Matthew P. , Rosand Jonathan , Greenberg Steven M. , Gurol M. Edip , Seshadri Sudha , Viswanathan Anand 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIntroductionThe Boston criteria are the basis for a noninvasive diagnosis of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) in the setting of lobar intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). We assessed the accuracy of these criteria in individuals with lobar microbleeds (MBs) without ICH.MethodsWe identified individuals aged >55 years having brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and pathological assessment of CAA in a single academic hospital and a community‐based population (Framingham Heart Study [FHS]). We determined the positive predictive value (PPV) of the Boston criteria for CAA in both cohorts, using lobar MBs as the only hemorrhagic lesion to fulfill the criteria.ResultsWe included 102 individuals: 55 from the hospital‐based cohort and 47 from FHS (mean age at MRI 74.7 ± 8.5 and 83.4 ± 10.9 years; CAA prevalence 60% and 46.8%; cases with any lobar MB 49% and 21.3%; and cases with ≥2 strictly lobar MBs 29.1% and 8.5%, respectively). PPV of “probable CAA” (≥2 strictly lobar MBs) was 87.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 60.4–97.8) and 25% (95% CI, 13.2–78) in hospital and general populations, respectively.DiscussionStrictly lobar MBs strongly predict CAA in non‐ICH individuals when found in a hospital context. However, their diagnostic accuracy in the general population appears limited.
A cytosine‐thymine (CT)‐rich haplotype in intron 4 of SNCA confers risk for Lewy body pathology in Alzheimer's disease and affects SNCA expression
Authors: Lutz Michael W. , Saul Robert , Linnertz Colton , Glenn Omolara‐Chinue , Roses Allen D. , Chiba‐Falek Ornit 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIntroductionWe recently showed that tagging single‐nucleotide polymorphisms across the SNCA locus were significantly associated with increased risk for Lewy body (LB) pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases. However, the actual genetic variant(s) that underlie the observed associations remain elusive.MethodsWe used a bioinformatics algorithm to catalog structural variants in a region of SNCA intron 4, followed by phased sequencing. We performed a genetic association analysis in autopsy series of LB variant of Alzheimer's disease (LBV/AD) cases compared with AD‐only controls. We investigated the biological functions by expression analysis using temporal‐cortex samples.ResultsWe identified four distinct haplotypes within a highly polymorphic low‐complexity cytosine‐thymine (CT)‐rich region. We showed that a specific haplotype conferred risk to develop LBV/AD. We demonstrated that the CT‐rich site acts as an enhancer element, where the risk haplotype was significantly associated with elevated levels of SNCA messenger RNA.DiscussionWe have discovered a novel haplotype in a CT‐rich region in SNCA that contributes to LB pathology in AD patients, possibly via cis‐regulation of the gene expression.
The effects of normal aging on amyloid‐β deposition in nondemented adults with Down syndrome as imaged by carbon 11–labeled Pittsburgh compound B
Authors: Lao Patrick J. , Betthauser Tobey J. , Hillmer Ansel T. , Price Julie C. , Klunk William E. , Mihaila Iulia , Higgins Andrew T. , Bulova Peter D. , Hartley Sigan L. , Hardison Regina , Tumuluru Rameshwari V. , Murali Dhanabalan , Mathis Chester A. , Cohen Annie D. , Barnhart Todd E. , Devenny Darlynne A. , Mailick Marsha R. , Johnson Sterling C. , Handen Benjamin L. , Christian Bradley T. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIntroductionIn Down syndrome (DS), the overproduction of amyloid precursor protein is hypothesized to predispose young adults to early expression of Alzheimer‐like neuropathology.MethodsPET imaging with carbon 11–labeled Pittsburgh compound B examined the pattern of amyloid‐β deposition in 68 nondemented adults with DS (30–53 years) to determine the relationship between deposition and normal aging. Standard uptake value ratio (SUVR) images were created with cerebellar gray matter as the reference region.ResultsMultiple linear regression revealed slight but highly significant (corrected P < .05) positive correlations between SUVR and age. The striatum showed the strongest correlation, followed by precuneus, parietal cortex, anterior cingulate, frontal cortex, and temporal cortex.ConclusionThere is an age‐related amyloid‐β deposition in the DS population, but as a pattern of elevated cortical retention becomes apparent, the correlation of SUVR with age ceases to be significant. Factors unrelated to aging may drive an increase in deposition during early Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis.
The effect of white matter hyperintensities on neurodegeneration in mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Tosto Giuseppe , Zimmerman Molly E. , Hamilton Jamie L. , Carmichael Owen T. , Brickman Adam M. ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: June 2015

AbstractIntroductionIt is unclear whether white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), magnetic resonance imaging markers of small‐vessel cerebrovascular disease, promote neurodegeneration and associated clinical decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD), or simply co‐occur with recognized pathogenic processes.MethodsIn 169 patients with mild cognitive impairment, followed for 3 years, we examined the association of (1) baseline regional WMH and cerebral spinal fluid–derived t‐tau (total tau) with entorhinal cortex atrophy rates, as a marker of AD‐related neurodegeneration, and conversion to AD; and (2) baseline regional WMH with change in t‐tau level.ResultsIn participants with low baseline t‐tau, higher regional WMH volumes were associated with faster entorhinal cortex atrophy. Higher parietal WMH volume predicted conversion to AD in those with high t‐tau. Higher parietal and occipital WMH volumes predicted increasing t‐tau.DiscussionWMHs affect AD clinical and pathologic processes both directly and interacting with tau.
Genetically predicted body mass index and Alzheimer's disease–related phenotypes in three large samples: Mendelian randomization analyses
Authors: Mukherjee Shubhabrata , Walter Stefan , Kauwe John S.K. , Saykin Andrew J. , Bennett David A. , Larson Eric B. , Crane Paul K. , Glymour M. Maria ,   Adult Changes in Thought Study Investigators,   Religious Orders Study/Memory and Aging Project Investigators,   Alzheimer's Disease Genetics Consortium
Published: June 2015

AbstractObservational research shows that higher body mass index (BMI) increases Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk, but it is unclear whether this association is causal. We applied genetic variants that predict BMI in Mendelian randomization analyses, an approach that is not biased by reverse causation or confounding, to evaluate whether higher BMI increases AD risk. We evaluated individual‐level data from the AD Genetics Consortium (ADGC: 10,079 AD cases and 9613 controls), the Health and Retirement Study (HRS: 8403 participants with algorithm‐predicted dementia status), and published associations from the Genetic and Environmental Risk for AD consortium (GERAD1: 3177 AD cases and 7277 controls). No evidence from individual single‐nucleotide polymorphisms or polygenic scores indicated BMI increased AD risk. Mendelian randomization effect estimates per BMI point (95% confidence intervals) were as follows: ADGC, odds ratio (OR) = 0.95 (0.90–1.01); HRS, OR = 1.00 (0.75–1.32); GERAD1, OR = 0.96 (0.87–1.07). One subscore (cellular processes not otherwise specified) unexpectedly predicted lower AD risk.