bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Value of Vitamin D Metabolite Ratios in 3 Patients as Diagnostic Criteria to Assess Vitamin D Status
Authors: Shahidzadeh Yazdi Zhinous , Streeten Elizabeth A , Whitlatch Hilary B , Bargal Salma A , Beitelshees Amber L , Taylor Simeon I 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Although clinical guidelines recommend measuring total plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) to assess vitamin D (VitD) status, this index does not account for 3-fold inter-individual variation in VitD binding protein (VDBP) level. We present 3 individuals with total plasma 25(OH)D levels of 10.8 to 12.3 ng/mL (27-30.7 nmol/L). Because Endocrine Society guidelines define VitD deficiency as 25(OH)D ≤ 20 ng/mL (50 nmol/L), all 3 would be judged to be VitD deficient. VitD3 supplementation increased 25(OH)D to the range of 31.7 to 33.8 ng/mL (79.1-84.4 nmol/L). Patient #1 exhibited secondary hyperparathyroidism; VitD3 supplementation decreased parathyroid hormone (PTH) by 34% without a clinically significant change in PTH levels in the other 2 individuals. Thus, 25(OH)D level did not distinguish between the 1 patient who had secondary hyperparathyroidism and the 2 who did not. We therefore inquired whether VitD metabolite ratios (which are VDBP-independent) might distinguish among these 3 individuals. Of all the assessed ratios, the 1,25(OH)2D/24,25(OH)2D ratio was the most informative, which had a value of 102 pg/ng in the individual with secondary hyperparathyroidism but lower values (41 and 20 pg/ng) in the other 2 individuals. These cases illustrate the value of the 1,25(OH)2D/24,25(OH)2D ratio to provide clinically relevant information about VitD status.
Inferior Laryngeal Nerve Paraganglioma With Norepinephrine Hypersecretion Diagnosed Shortly After Pregnancy
Authors: Kishlyansky David , Ramesh Rithvika , Cook Olivia , Luthra Meera 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The diagnosis of pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma (PGL) during pregnancy is extremely rare, with 2 large case series suggesting that the prevalence is between 0.0002% and 0.007%. Here, we present a case of a 38-year-old woman who presented during pregnancy with clinical features suggestive of preeclampsia and was found to have a norepinephrine-secreting inferior laryngeal nerve PGL, which was diagnosed after pregnancy. She underwent uncomplicated surgical resection and genetic testing revealed a succinate dehydrogenase subunit B (SDHB) pathogenic variant. In conclusion, PGLs diagnosed during pregnancy and hypersecreting head and neck PGLs are both rare clinical entities. Hyperfunctioning PGLs may mimic pregnancy-induced hypertension or preeclampsia. Metanephrine testing should be considered in patients with atypical features and can be reliably assessed using nonpregnant reference ranges. Overall, maternal and fetal mortality has improved considerably with early diagnosis and treatment.
Academic Productivity of Applicant and Program as Predictors of a Future Academic Career in Neurosurgery
Authors: Stuebe Caren M. , Kann Michael R. , Harper Cierra N. , Prakash Kavita J. , Cantu Luke I. , Mbilinyi Robert H. , Nowacki Amy S. , Benzil Deborah L. 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Academic productivity is viewed as a critical objective factor for a neurosurgery residency applicant. There has been a consistent rise in academic productivity over the last decade, but a lack of consistent data on the utility of this in helping neurosurgery residency programs identify which applicants will enter academic neurosurgery. This cross-sectional study evaluates the predictiveness of academic productivity before and during residency on career choice, both independent and dependent of training environment.

METHODS:
The 116 accredited neurosurgery residency programs were split into 4 quartile groups based on their 2022 Doximity rankings. Six neurosurgery residency programs were randomly selected from each quartile. Publicly available information including number and type (before or during residency) of publication and type of employment (academic vs nonacademic) was collected on neurosurgeons who matriculated into residency in the year 2000 or later. Multivariable logistic regression was used to explore the associations among neurosurgeon and program characteristics, and an academic career.

RESULTS:
A total of 557 neurosurgeons were identified. Group 1 (n = 194) had the highest median publications during residency total (12) and first author (5), as well as the highest percentage of neurosurgeons who attended a top 20 medical school (38.7%), hold a higher educational degree (20.6%), and pursued an academic career (72.2%). Neither attending a top 20 medical school, holding a higher educational degree, nor publications were significant multivariable predictors of an academic career. Being in group 1 was the only significant predictor of entering an academic career across analyses.

CONCLUSION:
Only residency group ranking, not academic productivity, predicted a future academic career. For residency programs evaluating applicants as future academic neurosurgeons, this suggests that program environment is more predictive than traditionally valued characteristics such as research productivity. Additional work is needed to elucidate characteristics or practices by which future academic neurosurgeons can be identified.
SoxB1 transcription factors are essential for initiating and maintaining neural plate border gene expression
Authors: Schock Elizabeth N. , York Joshua R. , Li Austin P. , Tu Ashlyn Y. , LaBonne Carole 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
SoxB1 transcription factors (Sox2/3) are well known for their role in early neural fate specification in the embryo, but little is known about functional roles for SoxB1 factors in non-neural ectodermal cell types, such as the neural plate border (NPB). Using Xenopus laevis, we set out to determine whether SoxB1 transcription factors have a regulatory function in NPB formation. Here, we show that SoxB1 factors are necessary for NPB formation, and that prolonged SoxB1 factor activity blocks the transition from a NPB to a neural crest state. Using ChIP-seq, we demonstrate that Sox3 is enriched upstream of NPB genes in early NPB cells and in blastula stem cells. Depletion of SoxB1 factors in blastula stem cells results in downregulation of NPB genes. Finally, we identify Pou5f3 factors as potential Sox3 partners in regulating the formation of the NPB and show that their combined activity is needed for normal NPB gene expression. Together, these data identify a role for SoxB1 factors in the establishment and maintenance of the NPB, in part through partnership with Pou5f3 factors.
Cultural Spawning: Founders Bringing Organizational Cultures to Their Startup
Authors: Ahn Yeonsin , Greve Henrich R. 
Published: June 2024

In searching for the sources of heterogeneity in organizational cultures, one possibility is that new ventures show a cultural spawning of incorporating elements from the culture of the organization that the founder left (the parent) when starting the new venture. Such a genealogical effect would explain why some organizational cultures remain different, despite the opportunities to learn cultural elements from other organizations. This study investigates whether and under what circumstances such cultural spawning occurs. We argue that cultural spawning occurs, but with varying strength, depending on the founder and the culture of the parent organization. Applying the cultural toolkit perspective, we predict that it is stronger when founders have a longer tenure in the parent organization, the parent culture is more internally coherent, and the parent culture is more atypical, compared with other organizations. These ideas were tested with a sample of U.S. technology startups in Crunchbase. Natural language processing of Glassdoor employee reviews was used to identify the cultural elements of the technology companies. The analysis demonstrates that cultural spawning occurs and reveals previously unexplored contingencies of cultural transmission through congruency and atypicality. It contributes to research on new venture formation and organizational culture. Funding: Financial support from the Rudolf and Valeria Maag Endowment is gratefully acknowledged. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2023.17771 .
Analgesia for emergency laparotomy: a systematic review
Authors: Passi Neha N , Gupta Aayushi , Lusby Eimear , Scott Sara , Sehmbi Herman , Hare Sarah , Oliver Charles M 
Published: June 2024

Aims/Background Poorly controlled pain is common after emergency laparotomy. It causes distress, hinders rehabilitation, and predisposes to complications: prolonged hospitalisation, persistent pain, and reduced quality of life. The aim of this systematic review was to compare the relative efficacies of pre-emptive analgesia for emergency laparotomy to inform practice. Methods We performed a search of MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-Process, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science and SCOPUS for comparator studies of preoperative/intraoperative interventions to control/reduce postoperative pain in adults undergoing emergency laparotomy (EL) for general surgical pathologies. Exclusion criteria: surgery including non-abdominal sites; postoperative sedation and/or intubation; non-formal assessment of pain; non-English manuscripts. All manuscripts were screened by two investigators. Results We identified 2389 papers. Following handsearching and removal of duplicates, 1147 were screened. None were eligible for inclusion, with many looking at elective and/or laparoscopic surgeries. Conclusion Our findings indicate there is no evidence base for pre-emptive analgesic strategies in emergency laparotomy. This contrasts substantially with elective cohorts. Potential reasons include variation in practice, management of physiological derangement taking priority, and perceived contraindications to neuraxial techniques. We urge a review of contemporary practice, with analysis of clinical data, to generate expert consensus.
Study on the treatment of dysphagia after stroke with electromyographic biofeedback intensive training
Authors: Meng Qing-Nan , Zhu Yue , Liu Si-Wen , Hu Bin , Chai De-Jun , Dong Chun-Xue 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND
Dysphagia, or swallowing disorder, is a common complication following stroke, significantly impacting patients' quality of life. Electromyographic biofeedback (EMGBF) therapy has emerged as a potential rehabilitation technique to improve swallowing function, but its efficacy in comparison with conventional treatments remains to be further explored.
AIM
To investigate the effects of different treatment intensities of EMGBF on swallowing function and motor speed after stroke.
METHODS
The participants were divided into three groups, all of which received routine neurological drug therapy and motor function rehabilitation training. On the basis of routine swallowing disorder training, the EMGBF group received additional EMGBF training, while the enhanced EMGBF group received two additional training sessions. Four weeks before and after treatment, the degree of swallowing disorder was evaluated using the degree of swallowing disorder score (VGF) and the Rosenbek penetration-aspiration scale (PAS).
RESULTS
Initially, there was no significant difference in VGF and PAS scores among the groups (P > 0.05). After four weeks, all groups showed significant improvement in both VGF scores and PAS scores. Furthermore, the standardized swallowing assessment and videofluoroscopic dysphagia scale scores also improved significantly post-treatment, indicating enhanced swallowing function and motor function of the hyoid-bone laryngeal complex, particularly in the intensive EMGBF group.
CONCLUSION
EMGBF training is more effective than traditional swallowing training in improving swallowing function and the movement rate of the hyoid laryngeal complex in patients with post-stroke dysphagia.
Impact of task-oriented training based on acupuncture rehabilitation on upper extremity function and quality of life of patients with early stroke
Authors: Liu Hong-Guang , Liu Jing-Jing , Wang Yan-Ping , Wang Hong-Ying , Sun Ao , Zhou Yue , Cai Ming-Ming , Qi Ming-Ming 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND
Eighty percent of stroke patients develop upper limb dysfunction, especially hand dysfunction, which has a very slow recovery, resulting in economic burden to families and society.
AIM
To investigate the impact of task-oriented training based on acupuncture therapy on upper extremity function in patients with early stroke.
METHODS
Patients with early stroke hemiplegia who visited our hospital between January 2021 and October 2022 were divided into a control group and an observation group, each with 50 cases. The control group underwent head acupuncture plus routine upper limb rehabilitation training (acupuncture therapy). In addition to acupuncture and rehabilitation, the observation group underwent upper limb task-oriented training (30 min). Each group underwent treatment 5 d/wk for 4 wk. Upper extremity function was assessed in both groups using the Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremity (FMA-UE), Wolf Motor Function Rating Scale (WMFT), modified Barthel Index (MBI), and Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM). Quality of life was evaluated using the Short-Form 36-Item Health Survey (SF-36). Clinical efficacy of the interventions was also evaluated.
RESULTS
Before intervention, no significant differences were observed in the FMA-UE, MBI, and WMFT scores between the two groups (P > 0.05). After intervention, the FMA-UE, WMFT, MBI, COPM-Functional Mobility and Satisfaction, and SF-36 scores increased in both groups (P < 0.05), with even higher scores in the observation group (P < 0.05). The observation group also obtained a higher total effective rate than the control group (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Task-oriented training based on acupuncture rehabilitation significantly enhanced upper extremity mobility, quality of life, and clinical efficacy in patients with early stroke.
Influence of hypocalcemia on the prognosis of patients with multiple trauma
Authors: Wang Jia , Li Dong-Feng , Sun Zhen-Kang , Yang Dong-Qiang , Li Hao 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND
Hypocalcemia is highly common in hospitalized patients, especially in those with trauma, On the other hand, abnormal calcium metabolism is an important metabolic challenge; however, it is often neglected and untreated, and certain factors may induce serious neurological and cardiovascular complications.
AIM
To retrospectively analyze the impact of hypocalcemia on the prognosis of patients with multiple traumas.
METHODS
The study was conducted from January 2020 to December 2021. Ninety-nine patients with multiple injuries were treated at the critical care medicine department of Fuyang People’s Hospital. The selected indicators included sex, age, and blood calcium and hematocrit levels. Many indicators were observed, including within 24 h of hospitalization, and the prognosis was collected after 28 d. Based on the blood calcium levels, the patients were divided into the following two groups: Normocalcemia and hypocalcemia. Of the 99 patients included, 81 had normocalcemia, and 18 had hypocalcemia. Separate experiments were conducted for these two groups.
RESULTS
There was an association between serum calcium levels and the prognosis of patients with polytrauma.
CONCLUSION
Clinically, the prognosis of patients with multiple traumas can be preliminarily evaluated based on serum calcium levels.
Therapeutic effect of San Bi Tang combined with glucosamine sulfate capsules in cold-dampness-type knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Ni Hui-Ying , Zhang Yao-Ping , Zhang Xiao-Feng 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND
Cold-dampness-type knee osteoarthritis is a common middle-aged and elderly disease, but its pathogenesis is not fully understood, and its clinical treatment has limitations. Glucosamine sulfate capsules are commonly used for treating arthritis, and San Bi Tang is a classic formula of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that has the effects of warming yang, dispelling dampness, relaxing muscles, and activating collaterals. This research hypothesized that the combination of modified San Bi Tang and glucosamine sulfate capsules could enhance the clinical efficacy of treating cold-dampness-type knee osteoarthritis through complementary effects.
AIM
To analyze the clinical efficacy of San Bi Tang combined with glucosamine sulfate capsules when treating cold-dampness-type knee osteoarthritis.
METHODS
A total of 110 patients with cold-dampness-type knee osteoarthritis were selected as research subjects and randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group of 55 cases each. The control group received only treatment with glucosamine sulfate capsules, while the experimental group received additional treatment with modified San Bi Tang for a duration of 5 wk. The patients’ knee joint functions, liver and kidney function indicators, adverse reactions, and vital signs were evaluated and analyzed using SPSS 26.0 software.
RESULTS
Before treatment, the two groups’ genders, ages, and scores were not significantly different, indicating comparability. Both groups’ scores improved after treatment, which could indicate pain and knee joint function improvement, but the test group had better scores. The TCM-specific symptoms and the clinical efficacy of the treatment in the test group were higher. Before and after treatment, there were no abnormalities in the patients’ liver and kidney function indicators.
CONCLUSION
The combination of modified San Bi Tang and glucosamine sulfate capsules is superior to treatment with sulfated glucosamine alone and has high safety.
Improving pressure ulcer care in intensive care units: Evaluating the impact of bundled care and silver nanoparticle dressings
Authors: Yu Hong 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND
Pressure ulcer (PU) are prevalent among critically ill trauma patients, posing substantial risks. Bundled care strategies and silver nanoparticle dressings offer potential solutions, yet their combined effectiveness and impact on patient satisfaction remain insufficiently investigated.
AIM
To assess the impact of bundled care along with silver nanoparticle dressing on PUs management and family satisfaction in critically ill trauma patients.
METHODS
A total of 98 critically ill trauma patients with PUs in intensive care unit (ICU) were included in this study. Patients were randomly assigned to either the control group (conventional care with silver nanoparticle dressing, n = 49) or the intervention group (bundled care with silver nanoparticle dressing, n = 49). The PU Scale for Healing (PUSH) tool was used to monitor changes in status of pressure injuries over time. Assessments were conducted at various time points: Baseline (day 0) and subsequent assessments on day 3, day 6, day 9, and day 12. Family satisfaction was assessed using the Family Satisfaction ICU 24 questionnaire.
RESULTS
No significant differences in baseline characteristics were observed between the two groups. In the intervention group, there were significant reductions in total PUSH scores over the assessment period. Specifically, surface area, exudate, and tissue type parameters all showed significant improvements compared to the control group. Family satisfaction with care and decision-making was notably higher in the intervention group. Overall family satisfaction was significantly better in the intervention group.
CONCLUSION
Bundled care in combination with silver nanoparticle dressings effectively alleviated PUs and enhances family satisfaction in critically ill trauma patients. This approach holds promise for improving PUs management in the ICU, benefiting both patients and their families.
Mycobacterium gordoniasis of the cervical lymph nodes: A case report
Authors: Peng Ling , Ma Rong , Li Yong , Cheng Jie 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND
Owing to the advancement in bacterial identification techniques, the detection rate of non-tuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) has been on the rise. Different from Mycobacterium tuberculosis , the clinical symptoms of NTM are not easily detected, and the clinical efficacy and prognosis are somewhat heterogeneous. To report a case of Mycobacterium gordoniasis of cervical lymph node diagnosed in Anhui Chest Hospital in July 2022.
CASE SUMMARY
Upon examination, the patient who weighed 67.5 kg, was human immunodeficiency virus negative, healthy, without hypertension, diabetes, heart disease and other basic diseases microscopic analysis revealed granulomatous inflammation with coagulation necrosis in the lymphocyte, and tuberculosis was not ruled out. Plain computed tomography scans of the neck and chest indicated the presence of a single grayish-yellow and grayish-brown tissue, the dimensions of which was top of form 10.5 cm × 3.0 cm × 1.5 cm. After pathological consultation in our hospital, the diagnosis was confirmed as NTM infection.
CONCLUSION
This case report and the clinical epidemiological research on improving NTM have important guiding significance for improving decision-making in clinical treatments.
Inflammatory markers and body mass index amoung hispanic children
Authors: Lang Henry , Loudermilk Elaine N. , Clark W. Andrew , Marrs Jo-Ann , Joyner T. Andrew , Wang Liang , Gerber Kathryn S. , Alamian Arsham 
Published: June 2024

Background and objectives
Body mass index (BMI) is inversely proportional with adiponectin levels among adults, while insulin, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), resistin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) have been linked with elevated BMI. The role and relation of these biomarkers with BMI among a Hispanic pediatric population are less known. Thus, the objective of this study was to examine the association of inflammatory markers with the odds of overweight/obesity while controlling for several sociodemographic factors among a Hispanic youth population in Northeast Tennessee.

Methods
Height, weight, demographic information, and blood samples were collected from 107 Hispanic children aged 2 to 10 years recruited at a large community health center in 2015–2016 in Northeast Tennessee. Data for this research were accessed and analyzed in 2022. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to assess the relations between adiponectin, insulin, resistin, CRP, TNF-α, and IL-6, and overweight/obesity vs. having a healthy (normal) weight.

Results
Adiponectin levels were significantly lower among overweight/obese Hispanic children (p = 0.0144) compared to healthy weight children. The odds of overweight/obesity decreased by 4% for every one-unit increase in serum adiponectin. Insulin levels were significantly higher among overweight/obese Hispanic children compared to healthy weight children (p = 0.0048). The odds of overweight/obesity increased by 7% for every one-unit increase in serum insulin. Resistin, IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP were not significantly associated with overweight/obesity in this population.

Conclusion
Adiponectin behaves similarly in Hispanic youth as it does in other pediatric populations, possibly making it a valuable marker when examining metabolic health status in this population.