bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Development of Complement Activating Ability as an Age Related Factor in Murine Brains
Authors: Tanaka Morihisa , Cyong Jong‐Choi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe recently reported on the ability of the myelin fraction of the murine brain to activate the complement system through the classical pathway, which might be important in the induction of secondary inflammation in various pathological conditions where brain tissue has been exposed to the complement. The present study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between the appearance of complement activity in the mouse brain and the synthesis of myelin in ICR mice up to ninety days of age.Here, we show that anti‐complementary activity in the murine brain is closely related to murine brain weight and that its activity seems to be dependent on the amount of myelin in the murine brain. Myelin was isolated from brains of equal weight taken from both two‐day‐old and ninety‐day‐old mice, and we found that ninety‐day‐old myelin consumed a much greater amount of complement (C) than two‐day‐old myelin. However, for equal concentrations of myelin, almost an equal amount of C was consumed by the myelin of the two‐day‐old mice and by that of the ninety‐day‐old mice. It was suggested that the difference of anti‐complementary activity was caused by the myelin contents of the murine brains, but the possibility of maturation of myelin was not excluded. The mechanism involved in the anti‐complementary activity of the myelin was found to be related to the consumption of complement, mainly via the classical pathway but also less activity via the alternative pathway.
Serological Analysis of Serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae Using Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors: Kobayashi Yuzuru , Tamai Tomonori , Sada Eiji 
Published: November 2013

AbstractEighteen serovars (19 strains) of serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae were serologically analyzed using 18 monoclonal antibodies against serovar copenhageni Shiromizu, M20 and serovar icterohaemorrhagiae RGA strains. The reaction patterns of the serovars against these monoclonal antibodies were different. According to these results, we divided the serovars, except for serovar tonkini, into the following three subgroups:Subgroup 1 reacted to many monoclonal antibodies including serovars icterohaemorrhagiae, copenhageni, hualien, monymusk, mankarso, and budapest.Subgroup 2 fell between subgroups 1 and 3 including serovars dakota, naam, bogvere, birkini, smithi, ndambari, gem, ndahambukuje and mwogolo.Subgroup 3 reacted to only a few monoclonal antibodies: serovars weaveri and sarmin.Serovar tonkini did not react to any of the monoclonal antibodies used. There is a possibility that serovar tonkini does not belong to serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae. Further studies on the serological reactions of each strain revealed that it was impossible to distinguish the RGA strain from the serovar hualien LT11–31 strain, indicating that they may be identical. It was also observed that serovar copenhageni and monymusk seemed to be closely related. Serovars birkini and smithi, and serovars ndambari and gem were alike in their serological reactivities.Among the 18 monoclonal antibodies, RGAMA‐1 was a unique antibody which reacted only to serovar icterohaemorrhagiae and serovar hualien, indicating that it must be the serovar icterohaemorrhagiae specific antibody. On the other hand, SHIRMA‐2, 5, 6 reacted to all the serovars except for serovars weaveri, sarmin, and tonkini. These antibodies exhibited a broad reaction spectrum.
Reversion to Bacillary Forms of Serratia marcescens Spheroplasts Induced by Carbenicillin
Authors: Furutani Akio , Tada Yoshifumi , Yamaguchi Junji 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBacterial cells of Serratia marcescens were easily induced to form spheroplasts in liquid medium by the addition of carbenicillin. The spheroplasts were unable to divide, but they were able to revert to the bacillary forms in liquid medium not containing carbenicillin. Four phases of the reversion sequence could be differentiated by scanning electron microscopy. (1) After 3 hr of incubation in carbenicillin‐free medium, some projections arose out of the spheroplasts, and grew and elongated. (2) Their elongation resulted in a morphological change in the spheroplasts from spherical bodies to long irregular bacillary forms. (3) Further incubation caused several constricted areas in the bacillary form. (4) The long bacillary forms split along the constricted areas to become the parent bacillary forms of S. marcescens. When the long bacillary form that developed during the reversion was retreated with carbenicillin, it was immediately induced to become a spheroplast again.
Plasmid Profiles of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Kalaimathee K.K. , Koh Chong‐Lek , Ngeow Yun‐Fong 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe plasmid profiles of 160 strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated in Peninsular Malaysia, comprising 80 penicillinase‐producing (PPNG) and 80 non‐penicillinase‐producing (non‐PPNG) isolates, were determined. The 80 PPNG isolates were divided into two plasmid groups. All of them harbored two common plasmid species, a 4.4 megadalton (Md) R plasmid previously associated with β‐lactamase production in PPNG strains from the Far East and a 2.6 Md multicopy plasmid of unknown function. In addition to these two plasmids, 60 (75%) PPNG isolates also carried a large 24.5 Md conjugative plasmid.In contrast, the 80 non‐PPNG strains were divided into three plasmid groups. All of them possessed the 2.6 Md cryptic plasmid, and 35 (44%) isolates also harbored the 24.5 Md transfer plasmid. Besides these two plasmids, one non‐PPNG isolate carried an additional 7.8 Md cryptic plasmid.
Chemical Characterization of Capsular Polysaccharide from Cryptococcus neoformans Serotype A‐D
Authors: Ikeda Reiko , Nishikawa Akemi , Shinoda Takako , Fukazawa Yoshimura 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDuring a study of serotyping of Cryptococcus neoformans, we found that the type strain of C. neoformans (CBS 132) was serotype A‐D. This strain agglutinated with both factor 7 serum (specific for serotype A) and factor 8 serum (specific for serotype D) in our serotyping system. Therefore, we investigated the chemical structure of the antigenic capsular polysaccharide of this strain. The soluble capsular polysaccharide was obtained from the culture supernatant fluid by precipitation with ethanol. Column chromatography of the polysaccharide on DEAE‐cellulose yielded three fractions (F‐1 to F‐3). The major antigenic activity was found in the F‐3 fraction. The results obtained by methylation analysis, controlled Smith degradation‐methylation analysis, partial acid hydrolysis, and other structural studies of F‐3 polysaccharide indicated that the polysaccharide contains mannose, xylose, and glucuronic acid at a ratio of 7:2:2, and has a backbone of α(1–3)‐linked D‐mannopyranoside residues with a single branch of β(1–2)‐xylose and glucuronic acid. The ratio of mannose residues with or without a branch in the F‐3 polysaccharide was 4:3 and its molecular weight calculated from the average of the degree of polymerization was 46,500 daltons. These results indicate that the chemical structure of the capsular polysaccharide of serotype A‐D is very similar to those from serotypes A and D, suggesting that small differences in the molar ratio and pattern of linkage of monosaccharides in the branch of the polysaccharides of the three serotypes may be responsible for their different specificities.
IgM Induction in Murine B Hybridomas with la‐Restricted T Cell Clones: A Monoclonal Model for T and B Cell Interactions in Antibody Response
Authors: Yoshikubo Takashi , Kimoto Masao , Kishimoto Tadamitsu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe mechanism of MHC‐restricted T and B cell interactions in antibody response was studied with IgM‐inducible B hybridomas and antigen‐specific helper T cell clones. B hybridomas were prepared by fusion between splenic B cells from (CBA/N (H‐2k) × BALB/c (H‐2d)) F1 (NBF1) male mice and a B lymphoma cell line, M12.4.5. A B hybridoma clone, 1M70, which expressed I‐Ad but not I‐Ak determinants was chosen in the present study. IgM secretion was induced in 1M70 when it was cocultured with a “resting” KLH‐specific and H‐2d restricted helper T cell clone in the presence of KLH. A “resting” KLH‐specific and H‐2k restricted T cell clone did not induce IgM secretion in 1M70 even in the presence of KLH. However, when these KLH‐specific T cell clones were activated by KLH and appropriate antigen presenting cells, both H‐2d and H‐2k restricted T cell clones induced IgM secretion in 1M70 even in the absence of KLH. A monoclonal anti‐I‐Ad antibody inhibited IgM secretion induced by a “resting” H‐2d restricted T cell clone, but not by an “activated” T cell clone. These results indicated that T cell clones recognized antigens in the context of la molecules on B hybridomas in a MHC‐restricted manner and were activated to produce B cell stimulatory factors which in turn acted on B hybridomas in a non‐MHC‐restricted manner and induced differentiation of B hybridomas into IgM secreting cells.
One I Region Restriction Determinant Can Associate with Multiple Antigenic Epitopes
Authors: Kimoto Masao , Fathman C. Garrison 
Published: November 2013

AbstractStudies presented in this paper show that T cell clones recognizing different epitopes of multideterminant antigens can be restricted by the same I‐A molecule. These data further support the concept that a single I‐A restriction site can present more than one antigenic epitope. This concept was supported by data on the proliferation of T cell clones reactive with either poly(L‐Glu60, L‐Ala30, L‐Tyr10)n (GAT) or poly(Tyr, Glu)‐poly D,L‐Ala–poly Lys [(T.G)‐A–L] which recognized different epitopes on these multideterminant antigens. Two clones recognizing different epitopes on the same multideterminant antigen can be blocked by the same monoclonal anti‐I‐A antibody. Additionally, the mutation in the Abm12 chain utilized in [B6.C‐H‐2bm12(bm12) × B10.A(4R)]F1 mice can affect the restriction determinant of clones recognizing different antigenic epitopes. These results suggest that in the strictest sense, the determinant selection theory is not tenable and would support the concept that T cell specificity is controlled by the T cell repertoire.
Impairment of T Cell‐Mediated Immunity to Listeria monocytogenes in Pregnant Mice
Authors: Sano Masatoshi , Mitsuyama Masao , Watanabe Yoshitsugu , Nomoto Kikuo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn order to study pregnancy‐induced changes in cell‐mediated immunity to Listeria monocytogenes, acquired resistance and T cell functions in pregnant mice were compared with those in nonpregnant mice after immunization with viable listerial cells. Impaired generation of acquired resistance was evident in pregnant mice from the impaired elimination of bacteria and poor survival after secondary challenge. Delayed footpad reactivity to listerial antigen was also lower in the pregnant mice. When immune spleen cells were examined for their ability to produce macrophage activating factor in vitro, culture supernatants from pregnant‐mouse spleen cells with listerial antigen showed far less ability to render macrophages cytostatic for P815 mastocytoma cells. To elucidate further the impairment of listeria‐immune T cell generation in pregnant mice, a local transfer experiment was carried out. When a given number of immune spleen cells was transferred locally into the footpads of naive mice, both delayed footpad reaction and local protection were much lower in the pregnant mice. This local transferability of the reactions was abrogated after treatment of cells with anti‐Thy 1 antibody plus complement. These findings indicate that pregnancy impairs the generation of specific T cells capable of contributing to acquired resistance to L. monocytogenes. Possible mechanisms for this impairment and the relationship to macrophage functions are discussed.
Composition of Major Outer Membrane Proteins of Vibrio vulnificus Isolates: Effect of Different Growth Media and Iron Deficiency
Authors: Koga Tetsuro , Kawata Tomio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe outer membrane proteins of Vibrio vulnificus including isolates from humans, seawater and an asari clam were examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)‐Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A major outer membrane protein with an apparent molecular weight of 48,000 (48K protein) was common to all the strains grown in 3% NaCl‐nutrient broth; however this 48K protein was not produced in any of the strains grown in chemically defined medium. Other major outer membrane proteins with molecular weights ranging from 33,000 to 40,000 varied in number, relative amount and molecular weight depending on the strain. One to three new outer membrane proteins with molecular weights ranging from 74,000 to 85,000 were produced in the cells grown in iron‐deficient medium. The 48K protein and one or two major proteins with molecular weights ranging from 35,000 to 37,000 in the cells grown in 3% NaCl‐nutrient broth were not solubilized by 2% SDS at 60 C for 30 min and were resistant to trypsin, indicating that they are porins. On the other hand, in cells grown in chemically defined medium, one or two major outer membrane proteins with molecular weights ranging from 33,000 to 40,000 might be porins.
Immunochemical Similarity of Synthetic α‐(1→3)‐Branched D‐Glucans to Dextran B1375
Authors: Torii Mitsuo , Yamazoe Mari , Ogawa Setsuko , Watabe Kazuhito , Koshikawa Tomihiko , Uryu Toshiyuki , Schuerch Conrad 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAnti‐dextran B1375 antibodies were raised in rabbits by injecting formalin‐killed Leuconostoc mesenteroides strain NRRL B1375, and the anti‐dextran serum was used to examine native dextran B1375, and synthetic linear and four α‐(1→3)‐branched α‐(1→6)‐d‐glucopyranans for similarities. The antiserum reacted with the homologous dextran B1375 and also with all the synthetic linear and branched glucans. Precipitation and precipitation‐inhibition studies indicated that the antiserum contained at least three groups of antibodies with different specificities, the first specific for linear α‐(1→6)‐D‐glucopyranan structure, the second specific for α‐D‐glycopyranosyl‐(1→3)‐branching and the last specific for another, unknown structure present in the dextran B1375 molecule. Two samples of the synthetic branched glucans were shown to be immunochemically the most similar to natural dextran B1375 by inhibition experiments.
Laser Raman Spectroscopy of Lyophilized Bacterial Spores
Authors: Shibata Hirofumi , Yamashita Shinsuke , Ohe Mayumi , Tani Isamu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractLaser‐excited Raman spectra were examined in lyophilized spores of Bacillus cereus. In a comparison of the spectrum of the dormant spore with that of the germinated spore, we found several Raman bands which occurred in the former but not in the latter. Among these Raman bands, the 1,573, 1,395, 1,017, 822, and 662 cm−1 bands were assigned to the vibrational frequencies of calcium dipicolinate (CaDPA). No Raman bands and peaks due to dipicolinic acid (H2DPA) were observed. This Raman evidence indicates that CaDPA is the predominant DPA species in this spore.We also proposed a tentative assignment for other vibrational frequencies due to several components of the spore.
Induction of Antibodies against Newcastle Disease Virus with Syngeneic Anti‐Idiotype Antibodies in Mice
Authors: Tanaka Masayuki , Sasaki Norimasa , Seto Akira 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAnti‐idiotype antibodies were induced by injecting BALB/c mice with syngeneic antibody against the hemagglutinin of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). These anti‐idiotype antibodies were purified and injected into syngeneic mice. Anti‐anti‐idiotype sera thus prepared contained antibodies against the hemagglutinin of NDV. This NDV‐mouse experimental system might provide a good experimental model for investigation of basic problems of idiotype vaccine.
Isolation, and Structural and Chemical Characterization of Outer Sheath Carrying a Polygonal Array from Treponema phagedenis Biotype Reiter
Authors: Masuda Kuniyoshi , Kawata Tomio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAn outer sheath was isolated from Treponema phagedenis biotype Reiter by our previously developed method (Masuda, K., and Kawata, T. 1982. J. Bacteriol. 150: 1405–1413). The isolated outer sheath was observed as a triple‐layered, closed vesicle carrying a polygonal array by electron microscopy. The outer sheath was mainly composed of protein (41.0%), phospholipid (38.7%), and carbohydrate (11.0%). Sodium dodecylsulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) of the isolated outer sheath in the presence of 2‐mercaptoethanol (EtSH) gave one major protein band with an apparent molecular weight of about 69,000 and several minor protein bands. On the other hand, in the absence of EtSH, the major protein band disappeared but two new protein bands at positions of molecular weights of about 65,000 and 72,000 appeared. The SDS‐PAGE profiles of the minor protein bands did not change with or without EtSH. Sodium deoxycholate (DOC)‐solubilized materials from the isolated outer sheath were reassembled into thin membranous sheets carrying a roughly polygonal array upon removal of DOC by dialysis against Tris‐HCl buffer in the absence of Mg2+.
Increased Resistance to Salmonella Infection of Hypoferremic Mice Fed a Low‐Protein Diet
Authors: Gauthier Yves , Isoard Pierre 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBALB/c and CBA/CA mice fed a protein‐deficient diet developed a plasma hypoferremia corresponding to a 30 percent lowering of serum iron concentration. This hypoferremia persisted as long as the diet was maintained. Hypoferremic CBA/CA mice had increased resistance to Salmonella typhimurium C5 infection, as shown by the reduced lethal activity and the decreased growth of the bacteria in the spleen and in the peritoneal exudate of the deficient animals. This induced resistance was abolished after injection of iron or Desferal into the restricted animals. Such resistance was not observed with BALB/c mice fed a protein‐deficient diet, in spite of the plasma hypoferremia. The growth of S. typhimurium C5 in the spleen and in the peritoneal exudate of these animals did not differ from the growth observed in control animals fed a protein‐sufficient diet. This study suggests that hypoferremia induced by a protein‐deficient diet is probably involved in the enhancement of resistance of CBA/CA mice to Salmonella infection, and that the phenomenon is host‐strain dependent.
Study of the Biological Activities of Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin‐1
Authors: Uchiyama Takehiko , Kamagata Yusuke , Wakai Mariko , Yoshioka Morimasa , Fujikawa Hiroshi , Igarashi Hideo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe mitogenic and interleukin 2 (IL 2) production‐inducing effects of toxic shock syndrome toxin‐1 (TSST‐1) on murine lymphocytes were investigated. TSST‐1, an exotoxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus recovered from patients with toxic shock syndrome (TSS), is thought to be a causative agent of the syndrome.TSST‐1 was mitogenic for splenic T cells and peanut agglutinin (PNA)‐negative thymocytes, but not for T cell‐depleted spleen cells, PNA‐positive thymocytes or IL 2‐dependent CTLL 2‐cells. A factor mitogenic for CTCC‐2 cells with a molecular weight of 30–35 kdaltons was obtained by stimulating spleen cells with TSST‐1 and it was absorbed by CTLL‐2 cells, indicating that the factor is IL 2. For substantial amounts of IL 2 to be produced, 10 ng or more of TSST‐1 per ml and 48 hr or more of incubation were required. Removal of T cells abrogated the IL 2 production by spleen cells. T cells obtained by the nylon wool column method alone produced IL 2 on TSST‐1 stimulation in the presence of either macrophages or a macrophage lysate containing interleukin 1. However, T cells obtained by a combination of the nylon wool column method and anti‐Ia antibody treatment produced IL 2 in the presence of macrophages but not of the macrophage lysate, indicating that IL 2 production by TSST‐1‐stimulated T cells is absolutely dependent on the presence of accessory cells.
A Probable New Adhesive Factor (F42) Produced by Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Isolated from Pigs
Authors: Yano Tomomasa , Leite Domingos Da Silva , De Camargo Irineu José Barsanti , De Castro Antonio Fernando Pestana 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThree enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains (coded 62, 104, and 567/7) isolated from piglets with neonatal diarrhea produced only a thermostable enterotoxin. Although these strains showed mannose‐resistant microhemagglutination (MRMH), the responsible factor was serologically different from the known hemagglutinating colonization factors from porcine strains (K88, K99, and F41). Bacterial cells from these strains adhered to HeLa cells and pig brush borders. Electron microscope studies revealed the presence of fimbria‐like structures on bacterial cells grown at 37 C but not on cells grown at 18 C. The antiserum prepared from partially purified fimbrial antigen (provisionally called F42) inhibited chicken erythrocyte MRMH caused by these strains as well as adherence of strain 567/7 to HeLa cells and to pig brush borders. These data taken together suggest the existence of a new hemagglutinating adhesin that is different from those so far described for porcine ETEC.
Budding Process and Fine Structure of Lymphadenopathy‐associated Virus (LAV)
Authors: Tsuchie Hideaki , Katsumoto Tetsuo , Hattori Naohiko , Kawatani Toshio , Kurimura Takashi , Hinuma Yorio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe budding process and fine structure of lymphadenopathy‐associated virus (LAV), were studied by indirect immunofluorescence (IF) and electron microscopy (EM). By IF, LAV antigen was seen to be distributed focally within infected CCRF‐CEM cells. Consistent with this finding, electron micrographs showed that LAV particles occurred in a focally aggregated state in a restricted area of the surface of the infected cells. LAV particles possessed bar‐shaped, dense and central or eccentric cores. In addition, two or more cores were occasionally observed in one virus particle, or the cores were sometimes absent when thin sections were examined. The envelope of the virus particles had an irregular structure, although LAV particles were approximately spherical.
Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) actinomycetemcomitans in Periodontal Disease
Authors: Ohta Hiroyuki , Kokegughi Susumu , Fukui Kazuhiro , Kato Keijiro 
Published: November 2013

AbstractActinobacillus (Haemophilus) actinomycetemcomitans is a facultatively anaerobic, gram‐negative coccobacillus which is a possible etiological agent in juvenile periodontitis (JP). In this study, bacterial flora, especially the occurrence of A. actinomycetemcomitans, in the periodontal pockets of one juvenile with gingivitis (G), one JP patients, five rapidly progressive periodontitis (RP) patients and one adult periodontitis(AP) patient, and one adult with healthy periodontium was investigated using a blood agar medium and a selective medium for A. actinomycetemcomitans. Eight hundred and sixty‐five bacteria were isolated from the periodontal pockets, examined for their gram‐stain, cell morphologies, relations to O2 and CO2 and calatase reaction, and divided into 21 groups on the basis of these characters. Among the isolates, 604 isolates were further characterized biochemically and identified. A. actinomycetemcomitans was found as 0.2% of the flora of a site in the JP patient, as 9% of the flora of a site in the G patient, and as 19% and 1%, respectively, of the flora of a site in the two RP patients. However, the organism was not detected in another lesion site of the JP patient. In our JP and RP patients, Fusobacterium, Wolinella, Streptococcus, and obligately anaerobic, gram‐positive cocci were frequently found at high levels. The bacterial flora of the G and AP patients were more heterogenous and included Bacteriodes at relatively high proportions. These results indicate that A. actinomycetemcomitans is not always associated with JP but occurred in some patients with RP and G.