bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Granulation of Cu-Al-Fe-Ni Bronze
Authors: Pisarek B.P. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
With the increase in wall thickness of the casting of iron-nickel-aluminium-bronze, by the reduction of the cooling rate the size of κII phase precipitates increases. This process, in the case of complex aluminium bronzes with additions of Cr, Mo and W is increased. Crystallization of big κII phase, during slow cooling of the casting, reduces the concentration of additives introduced to the bronze matrix and hardness. Undertaken research to develop technology of thick-walled products (g> 6 mm) of complex aluminium bronzes. Particular attention was paid to the metallurgy of granules. As a result, a large cooling speed of the alloy, and also high-speed solidification casting a light weight of the granules allows: to avoid micro-and macrosegregation, decreasing the particle size, increase the dispersion of phases in multiphase alloys. Depending on the size granules as possible is to provide finished products with a wall thickness greater than 6 mm by infiltration of liquid alloy of granules (composites). Preliminary studies was conducted using drip method granulate of CuAl10Fe5Ni5 bronze melted in a INDUTHERM-VC 500 D Vacuum Pressure Casting Machine. This bronze is a starting alloy for the preparation of the complex aluminium bronzes with additions of Cr, Mo, W and C or Si. Optimizations of granulation process was carried out. As the process control parameters taken a casting temperature t (°C) and the path h (mm) of free-fall of the metal droplets in the surrounding atmosphere before it is intensively cooled in a container of water. The granulate was subjected to a sieve analysis. For the objective function was assume maximize of the product of Um*n, the percentage weight “Um” and the quantity of granules ‘n’ in the mesh fraction. The maximum value of the ratio obtained for mesh fraction a sieve with a mesh aperture of 6.3 mm. In the intensively cooled granule of bronze was identified microstructure composed of phases: β and fine bainite (α+β′+β′1) and a small quantity of small precipitates κII phase. Get high microhardness bronze at the level of 323±27,9 HV0,1.
Melting of Grey Cast Iron Based on Steel Scrap Using Silicon Carbide
Authors: Stojczew A. , Janerka K. , Jezierski J. , Szajnar J. , Pawlyta M. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The paper presents the issue of synthetic cast iron production in the electric induction furnace exclusively on the steel scrap base. Silicon carbide and synthetic graphite were used as carburizers. The carburizers were introduced with solid charge or added on the liquid metal surface. The chemical analysis of the produced cast iron, the carburization efficiency and microstructure features were presented in the paper. It was stated that ferrosilicon can be replaced by silicon carbide during the synthetic cast iron melting process. However, due to its chemical composition (30% C and 70% Si) which causes significant silicon content in iron increase, the carbon deficit can be partly compensated by the carburizer introduction. Moreover it was shown that the best carbon and silicon assimilation rate is obtained where the silicon carbide is being introduced together with solid charge. When it is thrown onto liquid alloy surface the efficiency of the process is almost two times less and the melting process lasts dozen minutes long. The microstructure of the cast iron produced with the silicon carbide shows more bulky graphite flakes than inside the microstructure of cast iron produced on the pig iron base.
Eutectoid Reaction Ar1 of Cast Iron GJS-400-15 in Isothermal Conditions
Authors: Szykowny T. , Romanowski Ł. , Giętka T. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
This scientific paper presents the research on influence of austenitizing temperature on kinetics and evolution of the spheroidal plain cast iron during eutectoid reaction in isothermal conditions. The cast iron has been austenitized in temperatures of 900, 960 or 1020°C. There were two temperature values of isothermal holding taken into consideration: 760 or 820°C. The order of creation of reaction products and their morphology have been analyzed. The particular attention has been paid to the initial stage of transformation. The qualitative research has been executed using the transmission electron microscope (TEM), as well as quantitative research (LM). The influence of austenitizing temperature has also been determined on transformation kinetics and structural composition. It was found that the increase of austenitizing temperature is conductive to the initial release of structures by metastable system. A reduction of time was observed of the initial stage of transformation at temperature close to Ar12 with its simultaneous elongation at temperature close to Ar11, with an increase of austenitizing temperature. The dependences obtained by the metallographic method confirm the prior results of dilatometric research of eutectoid reaction.
Selected Aspects of Nitrogen Refinement of Silumin 226
Authors: Szymczak T. , Gumienny G. , Pacyniak T. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The work presents the results of the investigations of the effect of the nitrogen (N2) refining time „τraf” and the gas output on the course of the crystallization process, the microstructure and the gassing degree of silumin 226 used for pressure casting. The refinement of the examined silumin was performed with the use of a device with a rotating head. The crystallization process was examined by way of thermal analysis and derivative analysis TDA. The performed examinations showed that the prolongation of the N2 refining time causes a significant rise of the temperature of the crystallization end of the silumin, „tL”, as well as a decrease of its gassing degree, „Z”. An increase of the nitrogen output initially causes an increase of the temperature „tL” and a drop of the gassing degree „Z”, which reach their maximal values with the output of 20 dm3/min. Further increase of the output causes a decrease of the value „tL” and an increase of „Z”. The examined technological factors of the refining process did not cause any significant changes in the microstructure of silumin 226.
Distribution Patterns and Floristic Analysis of the Colymbada Tauromenitana (Guss.) Holub Populations in Sicily (Italy)
Authors: Sciandrello Saverio , D’agostino Sonia 
Published: August 2014

AbstractColymbada tauromenitana(Guss.) Holub (Asteraceae) is a rare paleoendem-ic, chasmophyte species, occurring on calcareous cliffs in the eastern part of Sicily (Italy). The aim of this work is to analyze the structure and floristic composition of theC. tauromenitanacommunity, in order to characterize the diversity of populations in relation to different ecological data. In all, 61 plots were examined. For each plot, the floristic composition and the cover of the species were determined using the standard relevé method. Three vegetation types emerged from canonical components analysis (CCA), correlated to a gradient of environmental conditions ranging from the coast to inland areas. The first group withLomelosia creticaandDianthus rupicolasubsp.rupicolawas correlated to thermo-xerophilous conditions (lower thermo-Mediterranean belt), the second group withSilene fruticosaandColymbada tauromenitanawas linked to thermophilous conditions (upper thermo-Mediterranean belt) and the third withDianthus siculusandOdontites boc-coneiwas correlated to mesophilous conditions (meso-Mediterranean belt). Altitude is the main factor influencing both species richness and floristic composition. The density ofC. tauromenitanais influenced mainly by rainfall. Finally, we propose a new risk status for this rare species.
Influence of Glycerol and Temperature on the Rheological Properties of Potato Starch Solutions
Authors: Ayala Germán , Vargas Rubén A. , Agudelo Ana C. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Effects of temperature and glycerol concentration on rheological properties of potato starch solutions were investigated. The flow behaviour (shear stress against shear rate) was fitted to various models: power law, Herschel-Bulkley, Bingham, modified Bingham and Casson models. However, it was found that the Herschel-Bulkley model describes better the flow behaviour observed at various temperatures and glycerol concentrations, for flow behaviour index values between 0.44 and 0.78, typical of pseudoplastic solutions. The effect of glycerol concentration on each of the fitting parameters for Herschel-Bulkley model was well modelled by a second-degree polynomial at various temperatures. The simultaneous influence of glycerol concentration and temperature on shear stress could be represented empirically by a second-degree polynomial function that includes linear coupling between concentration and temperature. Finally, the variation of the consistency coefficient with both temperature and glycerol concentration was well described by an exponential expression, with an activation energy value of 2.78 kJ mol-1. The results indicate that both glycerol content and temperature have the effect of diluting potato starch solutions.
Long-lasting Effects of Bentonite on Properties of A Sandy Soil Deprived of the Humus Layer
Authors: Czaban Janusz , Czyż Ewa , Siebielec Grzegorz , Niedźwiecki Jacek 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Bentonite has been recognized as a very good material for the improvement of coarse textured soils. In microplot experiment, of a sandy soil deprived of the humus layer was enriched in 1973 with waste bentonite at the rates of 0, 3, 6 and 12 kg m-2. Until 2002, the microplots were planted with different crops and regularly enriched with mineral and organic fertilizers. Since 2003, the microplots were left barren. In 2009, determinations of several features of the soils (in 5-30, 30-55 and 55-80 cm layers) showed that the historical amendment of the sandy soil with bentonite (especially its highest dose) ensured significantly higher contents of water, organic C, clay, silt and a sand fraction with particle diameter <0.1 mm in 5-30 cm layer. Proportions of non-dispersible clay in the total clay of bentonite soils in the two upper soil layers were significantly lower than those of the control soil. A significant increase in the penetrometer resistance was observed in 40-58 cm layers of the control soil and the soil with 3 kg m-2 bentonite amendment, contrary to the soils with two highest bentonite doses.
Comparison of Surface Soil Moisture from SMOS Satellite and Ground Measurements
Authors: Usowicz Bogusław , Marczewski Wojciech , Usowicz Jerzy B. , Lukowski Mateusz I. , Lipiec Jerzy 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Soil moisture datasets at various scales are needed for sustainable land use and water management. The aim of this study was to compare soil moisture ocean salinity satellite and in situ soil moisture data for the Podlasie and Polesie regions in Eastern Poland. Both regions have similar climatic and topographic conditions but are different in land use, vegetation, and soil cover. The test sites were located on agricultural fields on sandy soils and natural vegetation on marshy soils that prevail in the Podlasie and Polesie regions, respectively. The soil moisture ocean salinity soil moisture data were obtained from radiometric measurements (1.4 GHz) and the ground soil moisture from sensors at a depth of 5 cm during the years 2010-2011. In general, temporal patterns of soil moisture from both satellite and ground measurements followed the rainfall trend. The regression coefficients, Bland-Altman analysis, concordance correlation coefficient, and total deviation index showed that the agreement between ground and soil moisture ocean salinity derived soil moisture data is better for the Podlasie than the Polesie region. The lower agreement in Polesie was attributed mostly to the presence of the widespread natural vegetation on the wetter marsh soil along with minor contribution of agriculturally used drier coarse-textured soils.
Aerodynamic Properties of Makhobeli, Triticale and Wheat Seeds
Authors: Shahbazi Feizollah , Valizadeh Saman , Dowlatshah Ali 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The objective of this study was the evaluation of the aerodynamic properties of Makhobeli, triticale and wheat seeds as a function of moisture content from 7 to 27% (w.b). The results showed that the terminal velocity of triticale and wheat seeds increased linearly from 5.37 to 6.42 and from 6.31 to 8.02 m s-1, respectively, as the moisture content increased from 7 to 27%. Over this same moisture content range, the terminal velocity of Makhobeli seeds varied following a polynomial relationship from 4.52 to 5.07 m s-1. Makhobeli seeds had terminal velocities with a mean value of 4.73 m s-1, at different moisture contents, compared to the mean values of 5.89 and 7.13 m s-1 for triticale and wheat seeds, respectively. The mean value of drag coefficient was 1.12 for Makhobeli compared to the values of 0.92 and 0.85 for triticale and wheat, respectively. The analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences between the terminal velocity (at 1 % probability level) and drag coefficient (at 5% probability level) of Mak-hobeli with triticale and wheat seeds, which suggests that aerodynamic separation of Makhobeli from triticale and wheat is possible.
Assessment of the Dentition in Children Aged 3-4 Years in the Mazowieckie Province
Authors: Bożyk Andrzej , Krawczyk Joanna , Szalewski Leszek , Kiworkowa Emma , Szymańska Jolanta 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

Introduction. Caries of deciduous teeth in the population of Polish children is a significant health, social and organizational problem.

Aim. The aim of the study was to evaluate the dentition of 3- and 4-year-old children in the Mazowieckie Province.

Material and methods. The study comprised 393 kindergarten children aged 3 and 4 years in the Mazowieckie Province, 202 girls and 191 boys, including 159 children aged 3 years and 243 children aged 4 years. In all subjects the state of dentition was assessed. The prevalence of caries was calculated as the percentage of people affected by this disease, and the intensity of dental caries was determined using the dmft index. The results were compared with those that Polish researchers obtained in the 3 – and 4-year-olds after 2000.

Results. In the studied group of 3- and 4-year-olds the prevalence of caries was 62.85%, among girls – 61.88% and among boys – 63.87%. For all subjects the average scores for dmft index were 3.22 and its components dt – 2.72 (decayed teeth), mt – 0.1 (missing teeth), ft – 0.4 (filled teeth).

Conclusions. The prevalence and intensity of dental caries in 3- and 4-year-old children attending kindergartens in the Ma-zowieckie Province is high and close to the national average. It is advisable to increase the preventive and curative measures in this age group of children on dental caries.
The Influence of Social and Living Environment on Development of Oral Hygiene Habits in People Over The Age of 65
Authors: Kamińska-Pikiewicz Katarzyna , Bachanek Teresa , Madejczyk Marlena , Samborski Dariusz , Sochaczewska-Dolecka Agnieszka 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

Introduction. Oral health largely depends on proper hygiene, which in elderly people is not different from generally accepted standards, however, must be adjusted to specific conditions in oral cavities of the elderly.

Aim. The aim of the study was the assessment of oral hygiene habits in people over the age of 65 residing in Lublin Nursing Homes and in family homes basing on questionnaire survey.

Material and methods. The study was conducted among 240 people over the age of 65: 117 residents of the four Lublin Nursing Homes (group I) and 123 seniors living in their own homes in Lublin (group II). Assessment of the oral hygiene habits was conducted basing on the questionnaire survey concerning the frequency of tooth brushing, type of toothpaste, the use of additional oral aids as well as the frequency of toothbrush replacement.

Results. Questionnaire survey revealed that seniors residing in Nursing Homes who had their own teeth most frequently brushed them once daily e.g. 37.25%, whereas the surveyed who lived in their family homes twice daily – 47.67%. In both groups the people who brushed their teeth used fluoride toothpastes. Additional oral hygiene aids were used by 31.71% of the surveyed living with their families. Both, the residents of Nursing Homes and those who lived with their families most frequently reported replacing their toothbrushes at least every 3 months.

Conclusions. Nursing Homes residents essentially more frequently revealed considerable neglect and irregularities in oral hygiene in comparison to seniors living with their families. Population of elderly people, especially residents of nursing homes, should be provided with complex dental care.
An Analysis of the Selected Sociodemographic Characteristics in Removable Denture Wearers
Authors: Szalewski Leszek , Pietryka-MichaŁowska Elżbieta , Szymańska Jolanta 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

Introduction. Dental prosthetic replacements allow restoring the masticatory function, thus contributing to proper nutrition and correct speech, and also improving facial aesthetics.

Aim. The aim of the study was to assess the selected sociodemographic characteristics of people using removable dentures (patient-paid and funded by the National Health Fund).

Material and methods. A questionnaire survey involved 321 individuals, resident in the Lubelskie Voivodship, who used removable dental prostheses. Their selected sociodemographic characteristics were analysed: age, sex, education, place of residence and material status, as well as the form of payment for prosthetic replacements. The obtained results were analysed statistically.

Results. Almost 70% of the studied population wearing removable prostheses had their dentures funded by the National Health Fund. In each age group, women used National Health Fund funded prostheses twice more frequently than men. Prostheses funded by the National Health Fund were used significantly more frequently by patients aged 51-70 years, living in cities and with a higher education level, in comparison to the respondents from other age groups, with different place of residence and education level.

Conclusions. There is correlation between sex, age, place of residence and education level of patients and the frequency of their wearing removable dentures, both patient-paid and funded by the National Health Fund.
Career Plans of Students of Dental-Medical Major at Medical University of Lublin in The Years 2004-2012
Authors: Cieszko-Buk Maria , Bachanek Teresa , Wójcik-Chęcińska Ilona , Chałas Renata 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

Introduction. Higher education institutions thoroughly analyze the labor market. Knowing the career plans of students is important information showing the potential and direction of development of the labor market.

Aim The aim of the study was to gather information on career plans and further development of graduates of the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Lublin in the years 2004-2012.

Material and methods The survey covered a group of 743 graduates of medical-dental faculty. Students filled in an anonymous questionnaire after passing the exam in conservative dentistry with endodontics. The questions concerned the location and nature of future work, as well as the desire to specialize and determining the area in which the graduate is planning to specialize.

Results The question: “Where are you planning to start work after graduation?” – was answered by more than 35% of the students: “In a big city outside of Lublin.” Over 24% of respondents expressed a desire to return to their hometown, and 21% declared remaining in Lublin. Approximately 13.6% of respondents were considering going abroad, and about 5.65% of the students declared choosing village or a small town, as a place for future work. Among all graduated students, 45.5% would like to work in a medical joint venture, 38.5% wishing to undertake business activity in their own dental office. Only 7.4% of students declared their desire to remain at the university and carry out scientific work. The vast majority of graduates (87.35%) expressed the desire for specialization. The most frequently indicated specialization was conservative dentistry with endo-dontics – the choice was indicated by 22.62% of the respondents. Students expressed similar interest in further development in the field of oral surgery (20.33%), prosthodontics (20.33%) and orthodontics (18.58%).

Conclusions Most of the students of dental-medical major of Medical University of Lublin after graduation planned to work in Poland. The respondents were planning to work primarily in medical partnerships or to open their own dental offices. The vast majority of respondents declared a desire to get specialization.
Evaluation of Gingival Conditions and Saliva TNF-α Concentration in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Pels Elżbieta 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

Introduction. Patients with the history of neoplastic disease in childhood and adolescence, successfully treated, are at higher risk in terms of their susceptibility to develop other diseases later in their lives.

Aim. The purpose of study was to evaluate saliva TNF-α concentration in the children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia with reference to gingival inflammations.

Material and methods. The investigation was carried out in the group of 78 children with ALL aged 2-18yrs and analogical in terms of age and gender group of healthy controls. Results. Gingival conditions were expressed as gingival index (GI). In the group of children with ALL mean GI determined in examination 1 was 0.084±0.34, in examination 2 GI=0.007±0.04 and in examination 3 mean GI=0.017±0.13. In the group of healthy controls GI=0.003±0.03. Saliva concentration of TNF-α determined in the group of children with ALL in examination 1 ranged 4.16-135.01pg/ml. In that group in examination 1, mean saliva TNF-α concentration was 36.9±32.6pg/ml. In the group of healthy children mean saliva TNF-α concentration was 52.1±107.64pg/ml.

Conclusions. The authors, who observed various increases in the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-6, and IL-8 in the saliva and oral tissues in the patients consider that the proinflammatory cytokines in the saliva present in significantly higher concentrations in the future may have diagnostic and predicative value as replace indices of neoplastic transformations.
Monitoring of prognostic factors affecting inflammations of the oral mucosa in children with ALL is likely to prevent complications to standard treatment and prolonged time of anticancer therapy. Early evaluation of those parameters can quicken recovery and strengthen patient's health. Close cooperation between dentists and pediatricians-hematologists is important in maintaining oral health and improve the quality of life of children suffering from neoplastic diseases.