bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Note on the Paper by Mr. F. N. Haward on “The Origin of the Rostro-Carinate Industry.”
Authors: Barnes Alfred S. 
Published: October 2013

Section II. of Mr. Haward's paper deals with the characteristics of the fracture and chipping of flint by man and Nature. This section contains so many statements which are incorrect that in the interests of accuracy they cannot be allowed to pass without correction.The author defines percussion in the following terms:—“Sharp, hammer-like rebounding blows impinged (sic) on a flat surface or edge held by a resilient support.” If by this definition Mr. Haward intends to convey the impression that in order to flake flint by percussion it is necessary to comply with the conditions he has specified, he is mistaken. It is quite easy, for example, to produce bulbed flakes by percussion under conditions quite different to those set out by Mr. Haward, e.g. by means of a “follow-through” blow on the concave surface of a flint rigidly supported.
II.—A Description of the Humanly-Fashioned Flints Found During the Excavations at High Lodge, Mildenhall
Authors: Moir J. Reid 
Published: October 2013

In giving an account of the humanly-fashioned flints found during the excavations at High Lodge, it is proposed to deal with those discovered in exposing section A, and to proceed to describe the specimens recovered in the other diggings, which will be dealt with in their alphabetical order.Section A. A small twisted, ovate palæolithic implement, flatter on one face than on the other, and referable, it seems, to Late Acheulean times, was found associated with the thin seam of gravel occurring under the turf at section A. This specimen, which exhibits only small signs of abrasion, is of a yellowish colour, except where areas of hardness in the flint have resisted the agent of discolouration. These areas are either of a dark coffee shade, or coloured a light brown. The specimen measures in greatest length ins.; in greatest width 2 ins.; and greatest thickness ins.
On the Discovery of a Flint-Working Site of Palæolithic Date in the Medway Valley at Rochester, Kent, with Notes on the Driftstages of the Medway
Authors: Cook W. H. , Killick J. R. 
Published: October 2013

Following the Medway northward as it leaves the Weald at the opening of the funnel-shaped gorge in the Chalk, near Snodland, it takes a general N.E. course as far as Rochester, (Fig. 1.)Less than half a mile below Rochester bridge it is turned eastward, perhaps by some hard beds in the chalk; then a S.E. course is followed for a mile, when turning again, opposite Chatham, it runs due N. for another two miles. Reaching the London Clay hills at Upnor it is again deflected, and finally, meandering in an easterly direction through the low alluvial plains, reaches the Thames estuary.Thus the course of the Medway opposite Rochester takes the form of a V-shaped bend, and the land flanking the river within the bend forms a promonitory of chalk jutting southward, the surface of which rises from the edge of the marshes on either side to a height above 100-ft. O.D. (Fig. 2.)
The Presidential Address for 1931: Early Neanthropic Man and his Relation to the Ice Age
Authors: Burchell J. P. T. 
Published: October 2013

In order to prepare an address calculated to be of general interest to my fellow archæologists, it is essential that it be composed of a variety of ingredients. Now, it so happens that the results I have been obtaining during the course of my investigations in the last few years not only embrace a large number of culture phases, but, when arranged in proper sequence, they form a consecutive narrative. Furthermore, the greater part of the researches I have undertaken relates to those periods in British prehistory concerning which we know least. I refer to the so-called ‘Upper Palæolithic’ and ‘Early Neolithic’ times.It is not my intention to deal in this paper with those inter-glacial and cultural phases which antedate the formation of the Lower Purple Boulder Clay of Yorkshire and Lincolnshire and the Lower Chalky Boulder Clay of East Anglia, though I would mention I have recently discovered in the glacial deposits of north-east Ireland specimens similar to those which have been found beneath the Cromer Forest Bed of Norfolk and in the Sub-Crag Detritus Bed of Norfolk and Suffolk. These specimens will be fully described and illustrated in our “Proceedings” at a later date.
A Skeleton of the Early Bronze Age Found in the Fens
Authors: Fowler Gordon 
Published: October 2013

The skeleton described below was discovered recently in Southery Fen, Norfolk, by men employed in widening and deepening a drainage ditch. It was unfortunately removed before it could be seen in situ, but I was able by an examination of the ground not only to determine the exact level of the skeleton, but also to recover the lady's bronze pin or awl. She had lain on top of a layer of compressed sedges 2ins.-3ins. thick, which rested directly on undisturbed clay, and she was covered by 1ft. 9ins. of peat. The place where she was found was 28 yards away from one of the second type of Major Fowler's extinct waterways (“Old Run,” Plate XXXII.). There was no evidence of burial, and we conjecture that she had been drowned, carried down by this river, dropped among the sedges bordering it when the flood subsided, and subsequently covered by the growth of peat.According to the workmen's account she was lying face downwards with one arm across her face and the other arm extended. The bracelet of jet beads (Plate XXXIII., a) is said to have been round the wrist of the extended arm; pin or awl (Plate XXXIII., b) must have been worn near the waist.
Trends in territory occupancy, distribution and density of the Bearded VultureGypaetus barbatus meridionalisin southern Africa
Authors: KRÜGER SONJA C. , ALLAN DAVID G. , JENKINS ANDREW R. , AMAR ARJUN 
Published: October 2013

SummaryTerritory occupancy, distribution and density of the isolated Bearded VultureGypaetus barbatus meridionalispopulation in the Maloti-Drakensberg mountains of southern Africa were assessed between two time periods - former (1960–1999) and current (2000–2012) - to identify population trends. Overall, 190 territories were recorded of which 109 are currently occupied. The number of occupied breeding territories decreased by a minimum of 32% and a maximum of 51% over the past five decades. Territories located on the periphery of the breeding range were more likely to be abandoned than those in the core. The current population is estimated at a minimum of 352 and a maximum of 390 individuals. The breeding range decreased by 27%, restricting the birds to an estimated area of occupancy of 28,125 km2. Breeding densities also decreased by 20%, declining from 4.9 to 3.9 pairs/1,000 km2. In both periods, higher densities were recorded in the core of the range. Nests were located about 9.0 km apart, a slight increase from the 7.7 km recorded formerly. Inter-nest distances increased with distance from the core range. Further studies are required to ascertain whether productivity or survival is limiting population growth, and whether anthropogenic influences are resulting in the abandonment of territories in the periphery of the range and the subsequent decline in numbers.
Role of Hfq in an animal–microbe symbiosis under simulated microgravity conditions
Authors: Grant Kyle C. , Khodadad Christina L.M. , Foster Jamie S. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractMicrogravity has a profound impact on the physiology of pathogenic microbes; however, its effects on mutualistic microbes are relatively unknown. To examine the effects of microgravity on those beneficial microbes that associate with animal tissues, we used the symbiosis between the bobtail squidEuprymna scolopesand a motile, luminescent bacterium,Vibrio fischerias a model system. Specifically, we examined the role of Hfq, an RNA-binding protein known to be an important global regulator under space flight conditions, in the squid–vibrio symbiosis under simulated microgravity. To mimic a reduced gravity environment, the symbiotic partners were co-incubated in high-aspect-ratio rotating wall vessel bioreactors and examined at various stages of development. Results indicated that under simulated microgravity,hfqexpression was down-regulated inV. fischeri. A mutant strain defective inhfqshowed no colonization phenotype, indicating that Hfq was not required to initiate the symbiosis with the host squid. However, thehfqmutant showed attenuated levels of apoptotic cell death, a key symbiosis phenotype, within the host light organ suggesting that Hfq does contribute to normal light organ morphogenesis. Results also indicated that simulated microgravity conditions accelerated the onset of cell death in wild-type cells but not in thehfqmutant strains. These data suggest that Hfq plays an important role in the mutualism betweenV. fischeriand its animal host and that its expression can be negatively impacted by simulated microgravity conditions.
ON THE GENERAL INTERPRETATION OF FIRST-ORDER QUANTIFIERS
Authors: ANTONELLI G.ALDO 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWhile second-order quantifiers have long been known to admit nonstandard, or“general” interpretations, first-order quantifiers (when properly viewed as predicates of predicates) also allow a kind of interpretation that does not presuppose the full power-set of that interpretation’s first-order domain. This paper explores some of the consequences of such “general” interpretations for (unary) first-order quantifiers in a general setting, emphasizing the effects of imposing various further constraints that the interpretation is to satisfy.
Suchtkranke im SGB II: Vermittlungen an die Suchthilfe durch Jobcenter und Integration in Arbeit – eine kritische Bilanz
Authors: Henkel Dieter , Zemlin Uwe 
Published: October 2013

Fragestellung: Im Sozialgesetzbuch II (SGB II) ist im § 16a festgelegt, dass eine Suchtberatung erbracht werden kann, wenn dies für die Integration in Arbeit erforderlich ist. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird der Frage nachgegangen, wie viele der suchtkranken Arbeitslosengeld II-Beziehenden über den § 16a von einem Jobcenter an eine Einrichtung der Suchthilfe vermittelt werden, und wie viele die Überwindung der SGB II-Hilfebedürftigkeit durch Integration in existenzsichernde Erwerbstätigkeit schaffen. Methodik: Die Untersuchung erfolgt überwiegend anhand von Daten der Deutschen Suchthilfestatistik (DSHS). Ergebnisse: In Relation zur hohen Prävalenz von Suchtproblemen in der Gruppe der ALG II-Beziehenden ist die Zahl der Vermittlungen sehr klein und zudem seit 2010 rückläufig. Darüber hinaus erfolgen die Vermittlungen suchtdiagnostisch selektiv mit einer Bevorzugung von Personen mit Alkoholproblemen und einer Benachteiligung von Opiatabhängigen. DSHS-Daten und weitere Datenquellen zeigen, dass die Integration in existenzsichernde Arbeit nur in Ausnahmefällen gelingt. Schlussfolgerungen: Es werden Schlussfolgerungen gezogen zur Erhöhung der Quote der Vermittlungen durch Screening-Verfahren in den Jobcentern und Bedingungen genannt, die bei einem Screening gewährleistet sein müssten. Abschließend werden Empfehlungen für die Umsetzung guter Praxis in der Kooperation zwischen Jobcentern und Suchthilfe gegeben.
Influence of Embedded Fibers and an Epithelium Layer on the Glottal Closure Pattern in a Physical Vocal Fold Model
Authors: Xuan Yue , Zhang Zhaoyan 
Published: October 2013

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to explore the possible structural and material property features that may facilitate complete glottal closure in an otherwise isotropic physical vocal fold model.

Method
Seven vocal fold models with different structural features were used in this study. An isotropic model was used as the baseline model, and other models were modified from the baseline model by either embedding fibers aligned along the anterior–posterior direction in the body or cover layer, adding a stiffer outer layer simulating the epithelium layer, or a combination of the 2 features. Phonation tests were performed with both aerodynamic and acoustic measurements and high-speed imaging of vocal fold vibration.

Results
Compared with the isotropic one-layer model, the presence of a stiffer epithelium layer led to complete glottal closure along the anterior–posterior direction and strong excitation of high-order harmonics in the resulting acoustic spectra. Similar improvements were observed with fibers embedded in the cover layer, but to a lesser degree. The presence of fibers in the body layer did not yield noticeable improvements in glottal closure or harmonic excitation.

Conclusion
This study shows that the presence of collagen and elastin fibers and the epithelium layer may play a critical role in achieving complete glottal closure.
Device‐free indoor human presence detection method based on the information entropy of RSSI variations
Authors: Mrazovac B. , Todorović B.M. , Bjelica M.Z. , Kukolj D. 
Published: October 2013

At microwave frequencies, absorption by molecular resonance is a major factor affecting radio propagation. Irregularities in the radio propagation pattern, expressed in a form of the received signal strength indicator's (RSSI) variations, can indicate the possible presence of a human within the radio network. The proposed human presence detection method is based on the information entropy calculated over a set of principal components extracted from a sequence of RSSI samples incrementally, without estimating the covariance matrix. By applying the entropy algorithm, the information on human presence is quantified from the sequence of principal components. It is shown that through‐the‐wall human activities, which introduce disturbances in the RSSI footprint of the monitoring room, do not affect the detection accuracy of the method. Experimental results obtained for the 2.4 GHz indoor radio network assess the feasibility of the proposed approach.
Realisation of highly compact planar lowpass filter for UWB RFID applications
Authors: Mirzaee M. , Virdee B.S. 
Published: October 2013

A novel compact microstrip lowpass filter is described that exhibits an quasi‐elliptical function response with high out‐of‐band rejection for integration in ultra‐wideband (UWB) chipless radio frequency identification (RFID) receivers. The filter's characteristics include a wide‐stopband and low passband insertion loss with a passband ripple of 0.03 dB. Out‐of‐band attenuation of 30 dB is achieved up to about four times the cutoff frequency (4fc), and 20 dB up to about seven times the cutoff frequency (7fc). In addition, the proposed filter structure offers a high figure‐of‐merit of 8657 that exceeds the lowpass planar filters with an equal cutoff frequency reported in the literature to date.
Synthesis of titanium dioxide–reduced graphite oxide nanocomposites and their photocatalytic performance
Authors: He Ying , Zhang Yihe , Huang Hongwei , Zhang Rui 
Published: October 2013

Chemically bonded titanium dioxide (TiO2)–reduced graphite oxide (RGO) composites have been successfully prepared with graphite oxide and peroxotitanium complex by low‐temperature liquid reaction. The prepared TiO2 nanoparticles with diameters of about 10 nm consisted of anatase phase and a slight amount of brookite phase. In the TiO2–RGO composites, TiO2 nanoparticles were uniformly dispersed on the RGO surface from the scanning electron microscopy images. The as‐prepared TiO2–RGO composites exhibited much higher efficiency in the degradation of methylene blue under ultraviolet light irradiation compared with pure TiO2 nanoparticles. In addition, the influences of the RGO content in the TiO2–RGO composites on the photocatalytic degradation activity were also researched.
Odd-skipped related-1 controls neural crest chondrogenesis during tongue development
Authors: Liu Han , Lan Yu , Xu Jingyue , Chang Ching-Fang , Brugmann Samantha A. , Jiang Rulang 
Published: October 2013

Significance
Development of the tongue is a major vertebrate adaptation to terrestrial life. Interestingly, although the tongues of birds and mammals initially develop similarly, the bird tongue is underpinned by an extensive internal skeleton, whereas the oral part of the mammalian tongue is boneless, which is critical not only for feeding but also for phonetic articulation and oral health. This paper shows that the mouse embryonic tongue, but not that in chick, expresses high levels of the odd-skipped related-1 (Osr1) transcription factor, which represses expression of SRY-box containing gene-9 (Sox9), the master regulator of cartilage formation. Mice lacking Osr1 function develop a cartilage in the anterior tongue reminiscent of that in chick. These data provide unique insights into the mechanisms of tongue development and evolution.
High-performance, low-voltage electroosmotic pumps with molecularly thin silicon nanomembranes
Authors: Snyder Jessica L. , Getpreecharsawas Jirachai , Fang David Z. , Gaborski Thomas R. , Striemer Christopher C. , Fauchet Philippe M. , Borkholder David A. , McGrath James L. 
Published: October 2013

Significance
Electroosmotic pumps (EOPs) are a class of pumps in which fluid is driven through a capillary or porous media within an electric field. Current research on EOPs concerns the development of new materials in which high electroosmotic flow rates can be achieved for low voltages. Such pumps could be used for portable microfluidic devices. Porous nanocrystalline silicon (pnc-Si) is a material that is formed into a 15-nm-thick nanomembrane. pnc-Si membranes are shown here to have high electroosmotic flow rates at low applied voltages due to the high electric fields achieved over the ultrathin membrane. A prototype EOP was designed using pnc-Si membranes and shown to pressurize fluid through capillary tubing at voltages as low as 250 mV.
Microclimate moderates plant responses to macroclimate warming
Authors: De Frenne Pieter , Rodríguez-Sánchez Francisco , Coomes David Anthony , Baeten Lander , Verstraeten Gorik , Vellend Mark , Bernhardt-Römermann Markus , Brown Carissa D. , Brunet Jörg , Cornelis Johnny , Decocq Guillaume M. , Dierschke Hartmut , Eriksson Ove , Gilliam Frank S. , Hédl Radim , Heinken Thilo , Hermy Martin , Hommel Patrick , Jenkins Michael A. , Kelly Daniel L. , Kirby Keith J. , Mitchell Fraser J. G. , Naaf Tobias , Newman Miles , Peterken George , Petřík Petr , Schultz Jan , Sonnier Grégory , Van Calster Hans , Waller Donald M. , Walther Gian-Reto , White Peter S. , Woods Kerry D. , Wulf Monika , Graae Bente Jessen , Verheyen Kris 
Published: October 2013

SignificanceAround the globe, climate warming is increasing the dominance of warm-adapted species—a process described as “thermophilization.” However, thermophilization often lags behind warming of the climate itself, with some recent studies showing no response at all. Using a unique database of more than 1,400 resurveyed vegetation plots in forests across Europe and North America, we document significant thermophilization of understory vegetation. However, the response to macroclimate warming was attenuated in forests whose canopies have become denser. This microclimatic effect likely reflects cooler forest-floor temperatures via increased shading during the growing season in denser forests. Because standing stocks of trees have increased in many temperate forests in recent decades, microclimate may commonly buffer understory plant responses to macroclimate warming.
Viroporin activity of the JC polyomavirus is regulated by interactions with the adaptor protein complex 3
Authors: Suzuki Tadaki , Orba Yasuko , Makino Yoshinori , Okada Yuki , Sunden Yuji , Hasegawa Hideki , Hall William W. , Sawa Hirofumi 
Published: October 2013

Significance
Viroporins are small, hydrophobic viral proteins that form pores on host cell membranes, and their expression can increase the production of progeny virus particles. Recently, we have shown that human JC polyomavirus agnoprotein acts as a viroporin. We have investigated the role of host cellular proteins in the viroporin activity of the agnoprotein. We demonstrated that an interaction of the agnoprotein with the δ subunit of AP-3 prevents AP-3–mediated vesicular trafficking and blocks the targeted transport of the agnoprotein for lysosomal degradation. These findings demonstrate a previously undescribed paradigm in virus–host interactions regulating virus replication and suggest that viroporins of other viruses may also be regulated by specific interactions with host cellular proteins.
Gating of the proton-gated ion channel from
Gloeobacter violaceus
at pH 4 as revealed by X-ray crystallography
Authors: Gonzalez-Gutierrez Giovanni , Cuello Luis G. , Nair Satish K. , Grosman Claudio 
Published: October 2013

Significance
Determination of the structure of ion channels in their physiologically relevant states remains a major challenge. Structural models of the unliganded closed-channel and the fully liganded open-channel conformations of different members of the nicotinic-receptor superfamily have been generated using cryoelectron microscopy or X-ray crystallography. In this paper, we describe the structure of what appears to be the closed-channel conformation in its liganded state. We used X-ray crystallography to solve the structure of two mutants of a proton-gated bacterial ortholog that exhibit a reduced equilibrium constant for the closed-to-open transition; to favor the ligand-bound state, the crystals were grown at pH ∼4.0. Compared with the liganded open-channel conformation, the closed-channel conformation presents a narrower pore, but an indistinguishable extracellular domain.
Combining two strategies to improve perfusion and drug delivery in solid tumors
Authors: Stylianopoulos Triantafyllos , Jain Rakesh K. 
Published: October 2013

Significance
Vascular normalization and stress-alleviation treatments are promising strategies to improve tumor perfusion and delivery of drugs. Vascular normalization is more effective for tumors with hyperpermeable but uncompressed vessels, whereas stress alleviation is more beneficial for compressed but low-permeable vessels. In the case of tumors with hyperpermeable and compressed vessels, the two strategies need to be combined for improved treatment.