bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Outcomes of Thymoma Treated at a Single Institute
Authors: Shishak Sorun , Kataria Tejinder , Bisht Shyam Singh , Banerjee Susovan , Gupta Deepak , Kaliyaperumal Venkatesan , Narang Kushal , Mayank Mayur , Selvaraj Rajesh , Abraham Susan K. , Goyal Shikha 
Published: July 2024

Introduction Thymomas are uncommon tumors that originate from epithelial cells of thymus and may have varying clinical course.
Materials and Methods A retrospective review of medical records of thymoma patients treated between January 2012 and April 2022 at our institute was conducted.
Results There were a total of 23 patients (12 males and 11 females) with median age of 52 years (range, 33–77 years). Eleven patients (47.8%) had associated paraneoplastic syndromes of which 10 (43.5%) had myasthenia gravis and 1 (4.3%) had pure red cell aplasia. Average maximal tumor diameter was 62 mm (28–160 mm). Masaoka-Koga stage distribution was as follows: stage I (n = 2, 8.7%), IIA (n = 4, 17.4%), IIB (n = 1, 4.3%), IIIA (n = 2, 8.7%), IIIB (n = 4, 17.4%), IVA (n = 7, 30.4%), and IVB (n = 3, 13.1%). The World Health Organization type B2 was the commonest histology (n = 12, 52.17%), followed by B3 (n =7, 30.4%), B1 (n = 2, 8.7%), AB (n = 1,4.3%), and A (n = 1, 4.3%). Six patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide regimen, 22 (95.6%) underwent surgery, and 1 patient received adjuvant chemotherapy. R0 resection was attained in 20 (91%) patients, R1 resection in 1 (4.5%) patient, and R2 in 1 (4.5%) patient. All operated patients underwent postoperative radiotherapy (45–60 Gy in 25–30 fractions). Four patients relapsed at a median duration of 14 months (2–26 months). At a median follow-up of 6 years, 5-year overall survival was 67.1% and 5-year progression-free survival was 66.6%. Local control at 5 years was 86.6%.
Conclusion Despite majority of our patients presenting at an advanced stage, the local control rates are encouraging and reinforce multimodality approach.
Working with AI: the impact of organizational intelligent service strategy on employees’ perception of career achievement
Authors: Xu Jiaqi , Tang Xiaofei , Chang En-Chung , Peng Haoyu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn the artificial intelligence (AI) environment, there is limited research on employees’ perception of career achievement. Previous literature has presented two different viewpoints: AI either reduces or increases employees’ perception of career achievement. We introduce the concept of the intelligent service strategy to resolve this contradiction and explore its underlying reasons. Through three experiments involving 736 front-line employees (with valid responses of 223, 232, and 281 for each study, respectively), this research reveals the influence of organizational intelligent service strategy (substitution vs. collaboration) on employees’ perception of career achievement. To elucidate, compared with the intelligence collaboration service strategy, the intelligence substitution service strategy decreases human–human interactivity and enhances human–machine interactivity, thus reducing employees’ perception of career achievement. Intriguingly, the organizational innovation climate significantly moderates the relationship between (human–human and human–machine) interactivity and employees’ perception of career achievement. Specifically, the organizational innovation climate might mitigate the positive effect of human-human interactivity and the negative effect of human-machine interactivity on the perception of career achievement. This research provides a finer-grained understanding of how employees perceive career achievement when working with AI, thus explaining conflicting conclusions drawn in previous studies. These insights contribute innovatively to the theoretical framework concerning employees’ intrinsic motivations within the intelligent service environment.
Tracking 4 years in the life of a female whale shark shows consistent migrations in the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean
Authors: Daye Daniel , de la Parra Rafael , Vaudo Jeremy , Harvey Jessica , Harvey Guy , Shivji Mahmood , Wetherbee Bradley 
Published: July 2024

Context Satellite telemetry has revolutionised the study of animal movement, particularly for mobile marine animals, whose movements and habitat make consistent, long-term observation difficult. Aims Summarise the movements of Rio Lady, a mature female whale shark (Rhincodon typus), to characterise these movements, and to predict expected behaviour throughout the Gulf of Mexico (GOM). Methods Rio Lady was tracked using satellite telemetry for over 1600 days, generating over 1400 locations and travelling over 40,000 km. State–space and move persistence modelling enabled characterisation of behaviour, and machine learning (ML) enabled the development of habitat-suitability models to predict habitat utilisation, on the basis of location transmissions and their environmental covariates. Key results Rio Lady exhibited annually consistent patterns of movements among three regions within the GOM. Final ML models produced seasonally dynamic predictions of habitat use throughout the GOM. Conclusions The application of these methods to long-term location data exemplifies how long-term movement patterns and core areas can be discovered and predicted for marine animals. Implications Despite our limited dataset, our integrative approach advances methods to summarise and predict behaviour of mobile species and improve understanding of their ecology.
Unearthing the disabling perplexities of a Filipino PLHIV online community on X’s #PLHIVDiaries as socially shared
inquiry fostering pakikipagkapwa
Authors: Gamayo George Vincent F. , Santos Yhna Therese P. , Tanchuan Vonn Vincent V. , Villacastin Juven Niño A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Filipino People living with HIV (PLHIV) have used X, formerly Twitter, as an avenue to make sense of what it means
to live with HIV in the Philippines. However, big data analyses do not provide a comprehensive investigation of X as a community.
Grounded in the concepts of Alfonso’s (1992) socially shared inquiry (SSI), this paper
discusses how this discursive process of sense-making and sense-giving occurs in an X hashtag called #PLHIVDiaries through
analyzing and interpreting tweets (n = 1089) that narrate the daily experiences of Filipino PLHIV. This describes
how their different struggles are framed and reframed through SSI process which unravels disabling perplexities such as problem,
barrier, conflict, absence, dilemma, and error. Among the non-disabling frames that serve as a foil to disabling perplexities, we
identified a variety of tweets that contained testimonies, personal triumphant stories, and answers to problems that were endorsed
and authenticated by community members.
Constant-roll inflation with tachyon field in the holographic braneworld
Authors: Stojanovic Marko , Bilić Neven , Dimitrijevic Dragoljub D , Djordjevic Goran S , Milosevic Milan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We study inflation driven by the tachyon field in the holographic braneworld by assuming the second slow-roll parameter η is constant. The parameter η can be either defined by the tachyon scalar field and the Hubble parameter or by the Hubble parameter only. By assuming a constant η, we derive and numerically solve a differential equation for the Hubble expansion rate. We calculate numerically the scalar spectral index and the tensor-to-scalar ratio. We confront the results with the observational data and find some constraints on the free model parameters. The swampland conjectures are discussed in the context of the constant-roll inflation, with some accent on the holographic model.
Characteristic time scales for the geometry transition of a black hole to a white hole from spinfoams
Authors: Christodoulou Marios , D’Ambrosio Fabio 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Quantum fluctuations of the metric may provide a decay mechanism for black holes through a transition to a white hole geometry. Previous studies formulated Loop Quantum Gravity amplitudes with a view to describe this process. We identify two timescales to be extracted which we call the crossing time and the lifetime and complete a calculation that gives explicit estimates using the asymptotics of the EPRL model. The crossing time is found to scale linearly in the mass, in agreement with previous results by Ambrus and Hájíček and more recent results by Barceló, Carballo–Rubio and Garay. The lifetime is found to depend instead on the spread of the quantum state, and thus its dependence on the mass can take a large range of values. This indicates that the truncation/approximation used here is not appropriate to estimate this observable with any certainty. The simplest choice of a balanced semiclassical state is shown to yield an exponential scaling of the lifetime in the mass squared. Our analysis only considers 2-complexes without bulk faces, a significant limitation. In particular it is not clear how our estimates will be affected under refinements. This work should be understood as a step towards a fuller calculation in the context of covariant Loop Quantum Gravity.
Using students’ critical aspects to deepen understanding of nuclear physics concepts
Authors: Atlabachew Tafesse Kabtihymer , Kriek Jeanne 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Identifying students’ understanding provides a pathway to develop focused teaching to facilitate conceptual understanding. This study aims to gain more insight into undergraduate students’ conceptual understanding of two nuclear physics concepts: nuclear binding energy (NBE) and nuclear force; as the literature has shown that students face difficulties in learning and understanding such concepts. Phenomenography was used to provide a special qualitative research approach to exploring students’ in-depth understanding which was not addressed in previous studies. Data was collected from purposively selected students (N = 30) through semi-structured interviews. Phenomenography was used to reveal the different ways in which students understand these concepts and serves as indicators of potential conceptual difficulties. Based on these, the relevant and irrelevant critical aspects discerned by students are identified using the variation theory of learning. These critical aspects illustrate how the students understand each concept. For instance, NBE is the energy that must be added to a nucleus to separate it into its constituents and relates to a relevant critical aspect. However, NBE is also the energy that binds nucleons and this relates to an irrelevant critical aspect. These critical aspects can provide crucial information that can assist physics instructors in developing focused teaching and learning strategies. Thus, the responses to the interview can be used as a basis for teaching and learning nuclear physics concepts.
Inertia from radiation: A semiclassical approach
Authors: Figueroa C , Saracho S 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Starting from a thought experiment based on an accelerated reflecting cavity containing a radiation bath, the cavity-radiation dynamical interaction is evaluated. The radiation is considered as a monochromatic flux of photons that bounces forwards and backwards in the direction of acceleration. In this case, in each reflection, the delay originating from the time of flight of photons causes a difference in velocity between the receiving and emitting reflecting faces at the opposite ends of the cavity, and consequently, a Doppler shift. Despite the ends of the cavity being at rest relative to each other, this phenomenon generates a difference of radiation pressure between both ends, which acts as the inertia of the radiation bath and verifies Newton’s 2nd Law for non-relativistic conditions. This result has interesting implications for the current theoretical pictures of dynamical properties of photons.
Simple methods for converting equations between the SI, Heaviside–Lorentz and Gaussian systems
Authors: Quincey Paul 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
School and undergraduate students are almost always taught the equations of electromagnetism using a set of conventions that are described as the SI. More advanced students are often introduced to different conventions that produce different equations for the same relationships, using either the Gaussian or Heaviside–Lorentz systems. In general, the connection between these equations is not simple. However, if the basis of each system is understood, conversion from SI equations to either Gaussian or Heaviside–Lorentz ones is very straightforward. The reverse processes are less straightforward, but more comprehensible when the fundamental differences are understood. Simple methods for these processes are presented, using a novel application of dimensional analysis, without factors of ε
0
1/2 or (4πε
0)1/2 appearing. It is also shown that when different physical quantities are given different symbols, and these are used consistently, the SI can be seen to provide general equations, with the Gaussian and Heaviside–Lorentz ones being simplifications of them. This removes any need for ‘system-independent’ versions of electromagnetic equations, with additional parameters that take different values in the different systems, which have been proposed in various forms over many decades.
Helium line emission spectroscopy to measure plasma parameters using modeling and machine learning in low-temperature plasmas
Authors: Kajita Shin , Nishijima Daisuke 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Line intensity ratios (LIRs) of helium (He) atoms are known to depend on electron density,

n
e

, and temperature,

T
e

, and thus are widely utilized to evaluate these parameters, known as the

H
e

I

LIR method. In this conventional method, the measured LIRs are compared with theoretical values calculated using a collisional-radiative (CR) model to find the best possible

n
e

and

T
e

. Basic CR models have been improved to take into account several effects. For instance, radiation trapping can occur to a significant degree in weakly ionized plasmas, leading to major alterations of LIRs. This effect has been included with optical escape factors in CR models. A new approach to the evaluation of

n
e

and

T
e

from He I LIRs has recently been explored using machine learning (ML). In the ML-aided LIR method, a predictive model is developed with training data, which consists of an input (measured LIRs) and a desired/known output (measured

n
e

or

T
e

from other diagnostics). It has been demonstrated that this new method predicts

n
e

and

T
e

better than using the conventional method coupled with a CR model, not only for He but also for other species. This review focuses mainly on low-temperature plasmas with

T
e

⩽
10

eV in linear plasma devices.
Solid-mechanics analysis and modeling of the alloyed ohmic contact proximity in GaN HEMTs using µRaman spectroscopy
Authors: Güneş Burak , Bütün Bayram , Özbay Ekmel 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study explores the impact of alloyed ohmic contact separation on ungated GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) lattice stress by employing Raman spectroscopy and solid mechanics simulations for comprehensive analysis. Focusing on the substantial stresses exerted by ohmic contacts, our research introduces a novel mechanical calibration procedure. The proposed procedure demonstrates that the stress in the GaN buffer can be precisely modelled using Raman measurements taken from patterns of varying length, which in return reveals the impact of ohmic contacts on stress. We show that this technique shows a good alignment to the Raman measurement results. Moreover, we identify ohmic contact edges as potential sites for defect generation due to the accumulation of substantial elastic energy, a finding supported by experimental observations of crack formations in related studies. Our calibrated mechanical model not only enhances the understanding of stress distributions within GaN HEMTs but also lays the groundwork for future improvements in electro-thermo-mechanical simulations.
Electric field driven focusing and transport of plasma ion beams by micro-glass capillaries beyond the self-focusing limit
Authors: Barman Sushanta , Bhattacharjee Sudeep 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Micro-glass capillaries emerge as an important tool for the lossless guiding and focusing of ion beams (Kojima 2018 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.
51 042001). The self-focusing mechanism of the capillaries is primarily governed by charged patches induced on their inner walls by the incident beam (Stolterfoht et al 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett.
88 133201). However, the dominance of space charge forces over self-focusing forces in intense (J ≈ 1 A m−2) ion beams establishes a self-focusing limit (Maurya et al 2019 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.
52 055205), posing challenges to beam focusing beyond this limit. In this work, a novel method is introduced, demonstrating electrical control over the charge patch dynamics through an externally applied bias voltage, thereby enabling the focusing of Ar ion beams beyond the self-focusing limit. Experimental results reveal that adjusting the biasing voltage allows overcoming the self-focusing limit, resulting in the generation of a high-intensity (

J

out

≈
3.05
×

10
5

A m−2) nano-beam (∼160 nm). Furthermore, electrical control is shown to enhance the performance of both straight and tapered capillaries (SC/TC), with the TC being more effective for nano-beam generation. A Particle-In-Cell (PIC) simulation code has been developed to explain the experimental results. The implications of high-intensity nano ion beams in advancing nanopatterning, nanoscale material analysis, and matter wave interferometry, underscore significant contributions to research and innovation within electronics, materials science, nanotechnology, and emerging quantum technologies.
Study of the thermal characteristics of propellant tanks in microgravity and its application to propellant gauging
Authors: Zeng Zhoumo , Gao Hexin , Zhang Jin , Rui Xiaobo , Qi Lei , Chen Yong , Wu Zongyu , Cui Yuhao , Yu Yao , Wu Yu , Zhang Yu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The use of the thermal propellant gauging (TPG) method for propellant mass detection in aerospace tanks inevitably involves the continuous heating of the tank, and the understanding of the heat transfer mechanism of the tanks in a microgravity environment plays a guiding role in the implementation of the TPG. In this paper, the thermal characteristics of propellant tanks under microgravity are investigated by simulation and it is found that with the weakening of gravity, the heat transfer slows down and ‘heat concentration’ occurs in the vicinity of the heater. The effect of this property on the implementation of the TPG was then investigated by simulation, and it was found that in the microgravity environment, the accuracy of the TPG detection can be improved by adjusting the locations of the heaters and temperature sensors on the external side of the tank wall.
Interplay of size, deformability, and device layout on cell transport in microfluidics
Authors: Hood Michael C , Gardner Karl , Li Wei , Tan Jifu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Microfluidics have been widely used for cell sorting and capture. In this work, numerical simulations of cell transport in microfluidic devices were studied considering cell sizes, deformability, and five different device designs. Among these five designs, deterministic lateral displacement device (DLD) and hyperuniform device (HU) performed better in promoting cell-micropost collision due to the continuously shifted micropost positions as compared with regular grid, staggered, and hexagonal layout designs. However, the grid and the hexagonal layouts showed best in differentiating cells by their size dependent velocity due to the size exclusion effect for cell transport in clear and straight paths in the flow direction. A systematic study of the velocity differentiation under different dimensionless groups was performed showing that the velocity difference is dominated by the micropost separation distance perpendicular to the direction of flow. Microfluidic experiments also confirmed the velocity differentiation results. The study can provide guiding principles for microfluidic design.
Phonon excitations in Eu2Ir2O7 probed by inelastic x-ray scattering
Authors: Wang Han , Kaneko Ryoma , Ueda Kentaro , Zhang Yang , Baron Alfred Q R , Ishikawa Daisuke , Wehinger Björn , Dagotto Elbio , Tokura Yoshinori , Arima Taka-hisa , Gao Shang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The study of phonon dynamics and its interplay with magnetic ordering is crucial for understanding the unique quantum phases in the pyrochlore iridates. Here, through inelastic x-ray scattering on a single crystal sample of the pyrochlore iridate Eu2Ir2O7, we map out the phonon excitation spectra in Eu2Ir2O7 and compare them with the theoretical phonon spectra calculated using the density functional theory. Possible phonon renormalization across the magnetic long-range order transition is observed in our experiments, which is consistent with the results of the previous Raman scattering experiments.
Tribological behavior of graphene/h-BN vdW heterostructures: the role of defects at the BN layer
Authors: Han Zongfang , Ru Guoliang , Li Yuqiong , Ma Ming 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations and first principles calculations were performed to study the tribological behavior of graphene/h-BN (G/h-BN) heterostructures with vacancy and Stone–Wales (SW) defect under uniform normal load, revealing the mechanism of the effect of defect types on friction, and discussing the coupling effect of temperature and interfacial defects on the tribological behavior of G/h-BN heterostructures. Under the normal force of 0.2 nN/atom, the friction force of the four systems is 0.0057, 0.0096, 0.0077, and 0.26 nN, respectively. The friction force of SW defect heterostructure is 45 times that of perfect interface heterostructure. The influence of defect type on friction force is SW > SV > DV. By observing the dynamic change of the Z-direction coordinate position of the sliding layer atoms, the slip potential energy curves and the evolution law of the moiré pattern, the relationship between the structural morphology and the energy change of different defective heterostructures and the frictional behavior was investigated comprehensively and intuitively for the first time. From the perspective of atomic strain, the deformation of heterostructures at the atomic level was quantified. The results showed that at 300 K and 0 K, the maximum strain of atoms in the sliding layer was 11.25% and 9.85%, respectively. The thermal perturbation mainly occurs in the out-of-plane direction, which in turn affects the friction. Through density functional theory, it is found that under uniform load, it is difficult to form bonds between the graphene sliding layer and the substrate layer when the defects are in the h-BN substrate layer, which has less influence on the friction of the system, thus making the defective heterostructures also remainsuperlubricity state. These results provide a new understanding of the interfacial friction of G/h-BN defective heterostructure.