bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caucasian validation of downstaging from IIB to IIA in T1N1M0 patients within the 9th edition of the non‐small cell lung cancer tumor‐node‐metastasis staging
Authors: Cai Jingsheng , Li Yun , Yang Feng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe 9th edition of the lung cancer tumor‐node‐metastasis (TNM) staging introduced adjustments, including the reclassification of T1N1M0 patients from stage IIB to IIA. This update used data mostly from Asian populations. However, the applicability of these adjustments to Caucasian patients remains uncertain.MethodsStage II non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database were included. Kaplan–Meier analysis with log‐rank testing compared overall survival (OS) and cancer‐specific survival (CSS). Propensity score matching (PSM) balanced baseline characteristics. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)‐based Cox analyses identified prognostic factors.ResultsAmong 10,470 eligible stage II NSCLC patients (median age: 69 years; male: 53.1%), there were 2736 in stage IIA, 2112 in IIA New, and 5622 in IIB groups. Before PSM, survival outcomes of stage IIA New patients were similar to those of stage IIA patients but better than those of stage IIB. After PSM, stage IIA New and IIB patients showed similar survival rates (OS, p = 0.276; CSS, p = 0.565). Conversely, stage IIA New patients had worse outcomes than stage IIA patients (OS, p < 0.001; CSS, p = 0.005). LASSO‐based Cox analyses confirmed stage IIA New patients had inferior prognosis compared to stage IIA patients (OS HR: 1 vs. 1.325, p < 0.001; CSS HR: 1 vs. 1.327, p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe downstaging of T1N1M0 patients from stage IIB to IIA in the 9th edition TNM staging remains unverified in Caucasians. Caution is warranted in assessing the staging and prognosis of these individuals. Further validation of our findings is necessary.
Association of lifestyle modification with the development of cardiovascular disease in gastric cancer patients who underwent gastrectomy: A nationwide population‐based study
Authors: Kim Bokyung , Han Kyungdo , Cho Soo‐Jeong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundWhile cancer patients are at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), the role of modifiable risk factors remains poorly understood. This study investigated whether lifestyle modifications affect CVD development in gastric cancer patients who undergo surgery.MethodsUsing data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS), gastric cancer patients who underwent surgery from 2010 to 2017 were identified. Lifestyle behaviours, surveyed within 2 years before and after surgery were analysed. Incident CVD, defined as a composite of myocardial infarction and stroke, was compared among subgroups of lifestyle behaviour changes.ResultsAmong 22,211 gastrectomy patients, 628 (2.8%) developed CVD (5.68/1000 person‐years). Persistent smokers (HR: 1.72, 95% CI: 1.33–2.22) and new smokers (HR: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.04–3.30) faced higher CVD risks than non‐smokers, with an especially pronounced risk in persistent‐smoking females (HR: 3.89, 95% CI: 1.20–12.62). Smoking cessation showed no significant risk difference compared to non‐smokers (HR: 1.16, 95% CI: 0.93–1.43). Female new drinkers had a higher CVD risk than non‐drinking females (HR: 2.89, 95% CI: 1.06–7.88), while men did not show such association. Changes in physical activity, when compared to physical inactivity, were not associated with CVD risk.ConclusionGastric cancer patients who smoked after surgery were more likely to develop CVD irrespective of their prior smoking status, with a notable vulnerability in persistent female smokers. Smoking cessation could potentially mitigate CVD risk to levels observed in non‐smokers. Alcohol intake should be avoided following surgery, especially for female gastric cancer patients.
Evaluation of microcirculatory protection in percutaneous revascularisation: A stent implantation technique and device comparison
Authors: Aetesam‐ur‐Rahman Muhammad , Zhao Tian X. , Paques Kitty , Oliveira Joana , Chiu Yi‐Da , Duckworth Melissa , Khialani Bharat , Kyranis Stephen , Bennett Martin R. , West Nick E. J. , Hoole Stephen P. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundCoronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is prognostically important and may also be a cause of persistent angina. The stent balloon inflation technique or material properties may influence the degree of CMD post‐PCI.MethodsThirty‐six patients with stable angina attending for elective PCI were randomized to either slow drug eluting stent (DES) implantation technique (DES slow group): +2 atm. every 5 s., maintained for a further 30 s or a standard stent implantation technique (DES std group): rapid inflation and deflation. PressureWire X with thermodilution at rest and hyperemia and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were performed pre‐ and post‐PCI. Combined primary endpoints were changes in index of microvascular resistance (delta IMR) and coronary flow reserve (delta CFR) following PCI. The secondary endpoints included differences in cardiac troponin I (delta cTnI) at 6 h post‐PCI, Seattle angina questionnaire (SAQ) at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months and OCT measures of stent results immediately post‐PCI and at 3 months.ResultsBoth groups were well matched, with similar baseline characteristics and OCT‐defined plaque characteristics. Delta IMR was significantly better in the DES slow PCI arm with a median difference of −4.14 (95% CI ‐10.49, −0.39, p = 0.04). Delta CFR was also numerically higher with a median difference of 0.47 (95% CI −0.52, 1.31, p = 0.46). This did not translate to improved delta median cTnI (1.5 (34.8) vs. 0 (27.5) ng/L, p = 0.75) or median SAQ score at 3 months, (85 (20) vs. 95 (17.5), p = 0.47).ConclusionSlow stent implantation is associated with less CMD after elective PCI in patients with stable angina.
Challenges in identifying ruptured aneurysms in cases of multiple aneurysms: Utilizing MRI with contrast for surgical planning—A case report
Authors: Hosseini Ehsan Mohammad , Zafarshamspour Saber , Atallah Oday , Rasekhi Alireza , Rahmanian Abdolkarim , Jamali Mohammad 
Published: July 2024

Key Clinical MessageAccurately identifying the ruptured aneurysm in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage and multiple aneurysms is critical to prevent rebleeding and optimize outcomes. Vessel wall MRI with contrast can aid in pinpointing the culprit aneurysm, informing a tailored surgical or endovascular management strategy for these complex cases. In patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and multiple intracranial aneurysms, MRI with contrast and DSA are crucial for identifying the ruptured aneurysm, guiding a shift from endovascular to microsurgical clipping. Successful single‐session treatment and absence of postsurgical deficits highlight the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary approach. Further research on optimal strategies is needed.AbstractMultiple intracranial aneurysms make up approximately 20% of cases of aneurysmal SAH. In patients with aneurysmal SAH and multiple intracranial aneurysms, definite treatment of the ruptured aneurysm causing SAH is of the highest priority. However, identifying the bleeding source can be challenging, and it may not be recognizable by the hemorrhage pattern. Misdiagnosis and mistreatment of a ruptured aneurysm in a patient with multiple aneurysms can lead to bleeding recurrence and an undesirable outcome. We report a 65‐year‐old woman who presented with severe sudden onset headache. Neuroimaging studies revealed diffuse SAH and concurrent PICA and ACom aneurysm with triplicate A2. However, the ruptured aneurysm responsible for the patient's symptoms was not obvious based on routine neuroimaging studies. Magnetic resonance imaging with contrast was performed, revealing circumferential enhancement of the PICA aneurysm. In this report, we demonstrate the real‐world effect of vessel wall MRI with contrast on decision‐making regarding identifying the ruptured aneurysm and surgical planning in cases of multiple aneurysms. Furthermore, we show that MRI and aneurysm wall enhancement could be a promising option in detecting ruptured aneurysms in cases of multiple aneurysms.
Double‐Anchored Triphenylamine‐Fluorene Functionalized Dyes for High‐Performance Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Ho Cheuk‐Lam , Fan Linyu , Huang Shuwen , Kwong Wai‐Hang , Yi Kwok Yan , Kwong Tsz‐Lung , Huang Shuping 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTwo novel metal‐free organic dyes, namely the mono‐anchoring KMT1 and di‐anchoring KMT2 dyes, have been synthesized to function as photosensitizers for utilizing in photocatalytic hydrogen production systems. They adopt the donor‐donor‐π‐acceptor and donor‐donor‐(−π‐acceptor)2 configurations, respectively, featuring triphenylamine and fluorene moieties as electron donors, thiophene as the π‐bridges and cyanoacrylic acid as the acceptors/anchoring groups. It was found that the photocatalytic performance of the di‐anchoring dye significantly outperforms that of its mono‐anchoring counterpart. KMT2‐based photocatalytic system demonstrated remarkable performance, producing 3520 μmol (84.9 mL) of hydrogen over a span of 257 hours under blue light irradiation, with a turnover number (TON) of 56300, a turnover frequency (TOFi) of 1862.7 h−1, an initial hydrogen production activity (activityi) of 1164180 and an apparent quantum yield (AQYi %) of 19.9. This performance is among the top‐tier when compared to other dyes used in similar photocatalytic systems. The results clearly illustrate that the di‐anchoring dye possesses several advantages, including a broad absorption spectrum, higher absorptivity, and a relatively slower charge recombination rate. These attributes collectively contribute to its superior overall performance in photocatalysis.
Synthesis of Mono‐ and Bis‐Thiourea Organocatalysts and Their Application in Stereoselective Glycosylation Reactions
Authors: Rénio Márcia , Ventura M. Rita 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTwo new mono‐thiourea, four bis‐thiourea and one squaramide organocatalysts were synthesised from L‐tartaric acid. These organocatalysts were able to activate glycosyl phosphates for stereoselective nucleophilic substitution reactions with broad functional group compatibility under mild conditions. The influence of the number and position of the thiourea groups and the proximity of the asymmetric centre to the catalytic important atoms for the stereoselective outcome of the glycosylation reactions was studied. 1,2‐cis Glycosides were obtained in up to 85 % yield and high diastereoselectivity (up to α:β 83 : 17).
Clinical Implications of Co‐administering Apixaban with Key Interacting Medications
Authors: Favatella Nicholas , Dalton David , Byon Wonkyung , Merali Samira J. , Klem Christian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWith many available data sources, clinicians need to consider the benefit‐risk profile of individual anticoagulants when balancing the need for anticoagulation, including evaluating the risks in patients with comorbidities and potential drug‐drug interactions. This narrative review presents clinical data across multiple phases of drug development for the use of apixaban, a selective factor Xa inhibitor, when taken concomitantly with other agents, and evaluates the benefit‐risk profile of apixaban with these interacting medications. Key subgroup analyses from the phase 3 ARISTOTLE trial (NCT00412984) are presented using data from patients who received either concomitant inhibitors or inducers of cytochrome P450 3A4 and/or P‑glycoprotein. We also review the available evidence for the use of apixaban in patients with cancer‐associated thromboembolism, as well as the use of apixaban in patients with COVID‐19.
Molecular Mechanism of the β3AR Agonist Activity of a β‐Blocker
Authors: Zheng Shuang , Zhang Shuhao , Dai Shengjie , Chen Kai , Gao Kaixuan , Sun Xiaoou , Lin Bin , Liu Xiangyu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDevelopment of subtype‐selective drugs for G protein‐coupled receptors poses a significant challenge due to high similarity between subtypes, as exemplified by the three β‐adrenergic receptors (βARs). The β3AR agonists show promise for treating the overactive bladder or preterm birth, but their potential is hindered by off‐target activation of β1AR and β2AR. Interestingly, several β‐blockers, which are antagonists of the β1ARs and β2ARs, have been reported to exhibit agonist activity at the β3AR. However, the molecular mechanism remains elusive. Understanding the underlying mechanism should facilitate the development of β3AR agonists with improved selectivity and reduced off‐target effects. In this work, we determined the structures of human β3AR in complex with the endogenous agonist epinephrine or with a synthetic β3AR agonist carazolol, which is also a high‐affinity β‐blocker. Structure comparison, mutagenesis studies and molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the differences on the flexibility of D3.32 directly contribute to carazolol's distinct activities as an antagonist for the β2AR and an agonist for the β3AR. The process is also indirectly influenced by the extracellular loops (ECL), especially ECL1. Taken together, these results provide key guidance for development of selective β3AR agonists, paving the way for new therapeutic opportunities.
Modeling the impact of resource allocation decisions on genomic prediction using maize multi‐environment data
Authors: Schoemaker Dylan L. , Lima Dayane Cristina , de Leon Natalia , Kaeppler Shawn M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn a hybrid maize (Zea mays L.) breeding program that utilizes genomic selection, resource allocation used in phenotypic data acquisition must be balanced between population size, number of environments, and the number of testers used for generating hybrids. Plant breeders evaluate newly developed inbred lines using multi‐environment trials to account for genotype‐by‐environment interaction effects. The replication of hybrids across environments in these trials impacts the training data accuracy for developing genomic prediction models. This study examined the impact of resource allocation scenarios on genomic prediction accuracy using a multi‐environment trial dataset generated using inbred lines crossed to multiple testers. A total of 369 Stiff Stalk double haploid lines from a synthetic mapping population were testcrossed to three non‐Stiff Stalk inbred lines as testers, PHZ51, PHK76, and PHP02, and evaluated across 34 environments by the Genomes to Fields Initiative in 2020 and 2021. Resource allocation scenarios significantly impacted site‐specific genomic prediction accuracy for unobserved hybrids in unobserved environments. A training set with three to five environments that had the highest quality data produced similar prediction accuracy as data from 10 random environments for both observed and unobserved hybrids, indicating that strong prediction models can be built with a limited set of environments for both grain yield and plant height. We found that resource‐efficient prediction models that use data from one tester and three to five environments can effectively conduct selection of untested hybrids and in untested environments. Public research programs are often limited in testing capacity, and this study provides support for genomic selection in resource‐limited breeding programs.
Physiological responses to a changing winter climate in an early spring‐breeding amphibian
Authors: Schmidt Robin , Zummach Cecile , Sinai Noa , Sabino‐Pinto Joana , Künzel Sven , Dausmann Kathrin H. , Ruthsatz Katharina 
Published: July 2024

AbstractClimate change is swiftly altering environmental winter conditions, leading to significant ecological impacts such as phenological shifts in many species. As a result, animals might face physiological mismatches due to longer or earlier activity periods and are at risk of being exposed to late spring freezes. Our study points for the first time to the complex physiological challenges that amphibians face as a result of changing thermal conditions due to winter climate change. We investigated the physiological responses to a period of warmer winter days and sudden spring freeze in the common toad (Bufo bufo) by acclimating them to 4°C or 8°C for 48 h or exposing them to 4°C or −2°C for 6 h, respectively. We assessed the daily energy demands, determined body condition and cold tolerance, explored the molecular responses to freezing through hepatic tissue transcriptome analysis, and measured blood glucose levels. Toads acclimated to higher temperatures showed a higher daily energy expenditure and a reduced cold tolerance suggesting faster depletion of energy stores and the loss of winter acclimation during warmer winters. Blood sugar levels were higher in frozen toads indicating the mobilization of cryoprotective glucose with freezing which was further supported by changed patterns in proteins related to glucose metabolism. Overall, our results emphasize that increased thermal variability incurs physiological costs that may reduce energy reserves and thus affect amphibian health and survival. This might pose a serious threat to breeding adults and may have subsequent effects at the population level.
Prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of chronic pain in the Spanish population. Results from the pain barometer
Authors: Dueñas M. , De Sola H. , Salazar A. , Esquivia A. , Rubio S. , Failde I. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundChronic pain (CP) is a public health problem worldwide.AimTo update the prevalence of CP and compare the clinical and social characteristics of people with CP with those with non‐chronic continuous pain and a group without pain.MethodsAn observational cross‐sectional study was carried out in a representative sample of 7058 adults from the Spanish population. Sociodemographic data, the presence of CP and non‐chronic continuous pain, characteristics of pain, limitations on activities of daily living (ADL), the presence and level of anxiety and depression (HADS), quality of life (SF‐12v2) and social support (DUKE) were collected. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed.ResultsThe prevalence of CP was 25.9% (95% CI;24.8–26.9) and that of non‐chronic continuous pain was 7.7% (95% CI;7.1–8.3). Women presented a higher prevalence of both CP (30.5% vs. 21.3%) and non‐chronic continuous pain (8.8% vs. 6.6%). CP was more common in the group between 55 and 75 years old (30.6%, 95% CI = 28.6–32.6%), non‐chronic continuous pain affected most the population between 18 and 34 years old (11.2%, 95% CI = 9.6–12.7%). The median duration of CP was 4 years. The lumbar was the most frequent pain site (58.1%), and 27.1% did not know the cause. A greater frequency of limitations on ADL, more anxiety and depression, and worse quality of life were shown among the subjects with CP.ConclusionCP affects one in four Spanish people and impairs the mental, physical and social health. Differences exist by sex and age in its frequency. Identifying subjects with non‐chronic continuous pain is fundamental to prevent their pain from becoming chronic.Significance StatementIndicating the main aspects where this work adds significantly to existing knowledge in the field, and if appropriate to clinical practice.Due to its high prevalence and impact on quality of life, chronic pain has become one of the main health problems nowadays. Attention must be paid to it both from a clinical and social perspective, trying to raise awareness among the population of its possible causes and consequences. In routine clinical practice, greater consideration is given to groups of people with a higher prevalence of chronic pain, such as women and people with middle age, and with no chronic pain to prevent the appearance of chronic pain.
Dietary supplementation of black cumin (Nigella sativa) meal in the formulation of protein‐enriched cookies, further in vivo evaluation of protein quality with physicochemical and organoleptic characterization
Authors: Batool Rizwana , Ramzan Rabia , Raza Awais , Aziz Mahwash , Rohi Madiha , Naeem Adan , Nusrat Wajeeha , Razi Aiza , Saleem Bakhtawar , Batool Wajeeha , Bilal Ahmed , Khadijah Babirye 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNigella sativa has solid historical importance as a medicinal herb and is widely used in the bakery industry. The study revealed that the defatted black cumin meal (DBCM) possesses a high nutritious composition and amino acid profile, such as Leu, Lys, Arg, Phe, and Glu. The supplementation effect of wheat flour with defatted black cumin meal (DBCM) at levels of 5%–25% was explored on the cookies' nutritional, functional, and organoleptic attributes. Moreover, the present work was conducted to assess the in vivo protein quality of defatted black cumin meal (DBCM)‐supplemented cookies using the albino rat's experimental modeling for 10 days. Rheological characterization suggested a solid elastic behavior for all cookies dough with elevation in G' (138,652–230,926 Pa), G" (34201–45,092 Pa), and G* values due to protein addition. The functional characteristics of the flour blends showed that DBCM addition significantly (p ≤ .05) improved oil (70.56%–165%) and water (84.83%–232.67%) absorption capacities, emulsion, and foaming stability. The physicochemical and organoleptic assessment of the cookies exposed that a 20% level of substitution of DBCM produced acceptable cookies. The net protein utilization (NPU), protein efficiency ratio (PER), true digestibility (TD), and biological value (BV) significantly differ from each other among all the supplementation diet groups with 0%–25% DBCM.
Potential of cold plasma pretreatment for preserving biochemical attributes and ensuring the microbiological safety of saffron stigma
Authors: Birjandi Toroghi Zohreh , Niazmand Razieh , Moradinezhad Farid , Bayat Hassan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSaffron, similar to numerous other agricultural commodities, is susceptible to microbial contamination during cultivation and postharvest handling. Cold plasma treatment has emerged as an effective method for microbial inactivation while preserving food quality. The aim of this research was to preserve the color integrity and minimize the presence of microorganisms in dried saffron stigma by implementing cold plasma pre‐treatment. Process parameters were optimized using the response surface method (RSM), considering the type of atmosphere (argon and air), plasma exposure time (1, 5, and 10 min), and plasma power (40, 70, and 100 W) as independent variables. The objectives were to maximize crocin content and minimize the total microbial load. The analysis of the response surface revealed that the argon atmosphere had a more significant impact on reducing microbial contamination than air, and an increase in plasma exposure time led to a decrease in microbial load. The maximum reduction in microbial load, by 0.9 logarithmic cycles compared to the control, was achieved with a 10‐min treatment at 40 W power. Extended plasma exposure durations led to a minor reduction in the color, taste, aroma, and antioxidant properties of saffron stigma. Specifically, the color, taste, and aroma decreased by 0.5%, 0.5%, and 0.08%, respectively, with longer plasma exposure times. The antioxidant activity decreased by 0.64% with prolonged exposure time. However, the plasma‐treated samples did not show any signs of Escherichia coli, mold, or yeast. Furthermore, our findings demonstrated that the type of atmosphere significantly influenced the reduction of infection and maintenance of saffron stigma's color quality. Cold plasma pretreatment holds promise as a viable method for preserving the physicochemical attributes of saffron while effectively reducing microbial contamination.