bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lanthanide(III) Complexes of Bis‐semicarbazone and Bis‐imine‐Substituted Phenanthroline Ligands: Solid‐State Structures, Photophysical Properties, and Anion Sensing
Authors: Nadella Sandeep , Selvakumar Paulraj M. , Suresh Eringathodi , Subramanian Palani S. , Albrecht Markus , Giese Michael , Fröhlich Roland 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPhenanthroline‐based hexadentate ligands L1 and L2 bearing two achiral semicarbazone or two chiral imine moieties as well as the respective mononuclear complexes incorporating various lanthanide ions, such as LaIII, EuIII, TbIII, LuIII, and YIII metal ions, were synthesized, and the crystal structures of [ML1Cl3] (M=LaIII, EuIII, TbIII, LuIII, or YIII) complexes were determined. Solvent or water molecules act as coligands for the rare‐earth metals in addition to halide anions. The big LnIII ion exhibits a coordination number (CN) of 10, whereas the corresponding EuIII, TbIII, LuIII, and YIII centers with smaller ionic radii show CN=9. Complexes of L2, namely [ML2Cl3] (M=EuIII, TbIII, LuIII, or YIII) ions could also be prepared. Only the complex of EuIII showed red luminescence, whereas all the others were nonluminescent. The emission properties of the Eu derivative can be applied as a photophysical signal for sensing various anions. The addition of phosphate anions leads to a unique change in the luminescence behavior. As a case study, the quenching behavior of adenosine‐5′‐triphosphate (ATP) was investigated at physiological pH value in an aqueous solvent. A specificity of the sensor for ATP relative to adenosine‐5′‐diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine‐5′‐monophosphate (AMP) was found. 31P NMR spectroscopic studies revealed the formation of a [EuL2(ATP)] coordination species.
Stereo‐ and Regioselective Direct Multi‐Deuterium‐Labeling Methods for Sugars
Authors: Sawama Yoshinari , Yabe Yuki , Iwata Hiroki , Fujiwara Yuta , Monguchi Yasunari , Sajiki Hironao 
Published: November 2012

AbstractDeuterium‐labeled sugars can be utilized as powerful tools for the architectural analyses of high‐sugar‐containing molecules represented by the nucleic acids and glycoproteins, and chiral building blocks for the syntheses of new drug candidates (heavy drugs) due to their potential characteristics, such as simplifying the 1H NMR spectra and the stability of CD bonds compared with CH bonds. We have established a direct and efficient synthetic method of deuterated sugars from non‐labeled sugars by using the heterogeneous Ru/C‐catalyzed H–D exchange reaction in D2O under a hydrogen atmosphere with perfect chemo‐ and stereoselectivities. The direct H–D exchange reaction can selectively proceed on carbons adjacent to the free hydroxyl groups, and the deuterium labeling of various pyranosides (such as glucose and disaccharides), as well as furanosides, represented by ribose and deoxyribose was realized. Furthermore, the desired number of deuterium atoms can be freely incorporated into selected positions by the site‐selective protection of the hydroxyl groups using acetal‐type protective groups because the deuterium exchange reaction never proceeds on positions adjacent to the protected hydroxyl groups.
Kinetic analysis and modelling of thermal degradation of perspex (PMMA) and perspex blend plastic waste
Authors: AL‐Harbi Meshari , Alshaiban Ahmad , Yassin Mohamed F. , Elmi Abdirashid 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe thermal decomposition of pure perspex and a mixture of 50% perspex and 50% poly(ethylene terephthalate; PET) was carried out between 295 and 325°C using a thermogravimetric analyser (TGA) in air and nitrogen (N2) atmosphere. The weight losses of decomposition products were measured during these experiments. The thermal degradation process is slower in inert atmosphere than air, where oxidation reaction expedites the decomposition process. Kinetic rate constants (k), pre‐exponential factor (A) and activation energy (E) for both pure prespex and a blend of perspex/PET were calculated for both air and N2 conditions. The thermal degradation process followed a third‐order reaction in air and second‐order in N2. A second‐order (n = 2) model for the pyrolytic process based on simultaneous reactions was developed using experimental data for pure and blend. The pyrolytic products are gases, liquids, waxes, aromatics and char, which can be ultimately used as raw material and fuel in various applications. It is important to note that the addition of PET to perspex was found to suppress/inhibit the decomposition of perspex compared with pure perspex. Pre‐exponential factor (A) and activation energy (E) values support such an observation. © 2012 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Photophysics of Schiff Bases: Theoretical Study of Salicylidene Methylamine
Authors: Jankowska Joanna , Rode Michał F. , Sadlej Joanna , Sobolewski Andrzej L. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe proton‐transfer reaction in a model aromatic Schiff base, salicylidene methylamine (SMA), in the ground and in the lowest electronically‐excited singlet states, is theoretically analyzed with the aid of second‐order approximate coupled‐cluster model CC2, time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) using the Becke, three‐parameter Lee–Yang–Parr (B3LYP) functional, and complete active space perturbation theory CASPT2 electronic structure methods. Computed vertical‐absorption spectra for the stable ground‐state isomers of SMA fully confirm the photochromism of SMA. The potential‐energy profiles of the ground and the lowest excited singlet state are calculated and four photophysically relevant isomeric forms of SMA; α, β, γ, and δ are discussed. The calculations indicate two S1/S0 conical intersections which provide non‐adiabatic gates for a radiationless decay to the ground state. The photophysical scheme which emerges from the theoretical study is related to recent experimental results obtained for SMA and its derivatives in the low‐temperature argon matrices (J. Grzegorzek, A. Filarowski, Z. Mielke, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2011, 13, 16596–16605). Our results suggest that aromatic Schiff bases are potential candidates for optically driven molecular switches.
Asynchronous sum‐of‐products logic minimization and orthogonalization
Authors: Lemberski Igor , Fišer Petr , Suleimanov Ruslan 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTWe propose a method of the asynchronous sum‐of‐products (SOP) logic simplification that comprises of minimization and orthogonalization. The method is based on a transformation of the conventional single‐rail SOP synchronous logic into the dual‐rail asynchronous one operating under so‐called modified weak constraints. We formulate and prove the product terms constraint that ensures a correct logic behavior. We have processed the MCNC benchmarks and generated the asynchronous SOP logic. The complexity of the logic obtained is compared with the state‐of‐the‐art representation. Using our approach, we achieve a significant improvement. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A module‐integrated isolated solar micro‐inverter without electrolytic capacitors
Authors: Chiu Huang‐Jen , Lo Yu‐Kang , Chuang Ching‐Chun , Yang Chung‐Yu , Cheng Shih‐Jen , Kuo Min‐Chien , Huang Yi‐Ming , Jean Yuan‐Bor , Huang Yung‐Cheng 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis paper presents a module‐integrated isolated solar micro‐inverter. The studied grid‐tied micro‐inverters can individually extract the maximum solar power from each photovoltaic (PV) panel and transfer to the AC utility system. A harmonic suppression technique is used to reduce the DC‐bus capacitance. Electrolytic capacitors are not needed in the studied solar micro‐inverter. High conversion efficiency, high maximum power point tracking accuracy and long lifespan can be achieved. The operation principles and design considerations of the studied PV inverter are analyzed and discussed. A laboratory prototype is implemented and tested to verify its feasibility. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recent Progress in Complex Plasmas
Authors: Meichsner J. , Bonitz M. , Piel A. , Feske H. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAn overview on recent developments in the field of complex plasmas is presented. The focus is directed on the activities of research groups participating in the Collaborative Research Centre 24 “Fundamentals of Complex Plasmas” at the Universities in Greifswald and Kiel as well as at the Leibniz‐Institute for Plasma Research and Technology. This article summarizes results on strongly correlated dusty plasmas, reactive as well as electronegative plasmas and plasma‐surface interaction, and gives an introduction to the following articles of this special issue. Important developments are highlighted and future research directions are outlined (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Hybrid of Europium‐Doped Layered Yttrium Hydroxide and Organic Sensitizer – Effect of Solvent on Structure and Luminescence Behavior
Authors: Sun Yahong , Chu Nankai , Gu Qingyang , Pan Guohua , Sun Genban , Ma Shulan , Yang Xiaojing 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe organic sensitizer terephthalic acid and its anion terephthalate (TA) were introduced into the galleries of europium‐doped layered yttrium hydroxide (LYH:Eu). In contrast to using water as solvent, the use of formamide resulted in the introduction of more organic guests and markedly enhanced the Eu3+ luminescence. Formamide prevented water from entering the system, leading to an excess of terephthalic acid molecules, and more efficient coordination of the TA guest with the Eu3+ in the layers of the composite, all of which may have contributed to the enhanced Eu3+ luminescence.
A Sensitive Electrochemical Biosensor for Detection of Histone Deacetylase Activity Using an Acetylated Peptide
Authors: Wu Huiwang , Liu Shucheng , Zhu Wenping , Jiang Jianhui , Shen Guoli , Yu Ruqin 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA sensitive electrochemical biosensor was developed for activity detection of histone deacetylase sirtuin2 (SIRT2) using an acetylated peptide substrate. This substrate could be recognized by anti‐acetylated peptide antibody, which could be detected using secondary antibody conjugated alkaline phosphatase which provided an amplified electrochemical signal. In the presence of SIRT2, the substrate was deacetylated, resulting in a decreased electrochemical signal that was correlated to the concentration of SIRT2. Under optimized conditions, the biosensor exhibited a wide linear range from 1 nM to 500 nM with a detection limit of 0.1 nM. The proposed biosensor was also used for detection of SIRT2 inhibitor.
Voltammetric and Amperometric Determination of Mixtures of Aminobiphenyls and Aminonaphthalenes Using Boron Doped Diamond Electrode
Authors: Zavázalová Jaroslava , Dejmková Hana , Barek Jiří , Pecková Karolina 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAn anodically pretreated boron‐doped diamond (BDD) electrode was used for the voltammetric and amperometric determination of the genotoxic pollutants 2‐aminobiphenyl, 4‐aminobiphenyl, 1‐aminonaphthalene, and 2‐aminonaphthalene. Their simultaneous voltammetric determination is only possible when the difference of the peak potentials of the particular analytes is higher than ca. 140 mV. Their complete separation using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with amperometric detection at a BDD film electrode in wall‐jet arrangement results in limits of detection in the 10−8 mol L−1 concentration range and can be lowered to nanomolar concentrations, as demonstrated by their determination in azo dye sunset yellow using solid‐phase extraction at Lichrolut EN cartridges.
CA 125 Immunosensor Based on Poly‐Anthranilic Acid Modified Screen‐Printed Electrodes
Authors: Taleat Zahra , Ravalli Andrea , Mazloum‐Ardakani Mohammad , Marrazza Giovanna 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn this paper, two simple and sensitive approaches for CA 125 detection are presented by using antibody immobilized on poly‐anthranilic acid modified graphite screen‐printed electrodes. The first proposed approach is a label‐free impedimetric immunosensor. The immunoassay is based on poly‐anthranilic acid (PAA) modified graphite screen‐printed electrodes with subsequent covalently monoclonal antibody anti‐CA 125 immobilization. The modified screen‐printed electrodes are used to capture the protein from the sample solutions. A curve calibration by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was obtained. The second approach is based on a sandwich format. The monoclonal anti‐CA 125 antibodies immobilized on poly‐anthranilic acid modified graphite screen‐printed electrodes is used to capture the protein from the sample solution. The sandwich assay is then performed by adding secondary anti‐CA 125 antibodies labeled with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The antibody‐AuNPs captured onto immunosensor surface induced the silver deposition from a silver enhancer solution. The deposited AgNPs could be measured by anodic stripping analysis (ASV) in acid solution. A curve calibration by ASV was obtained. The experimental conditions were examined and were optimized using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The performance of both immunosensors in terms of sensitivity, reproducibility and selectivity were studied.
Tubular Detector of Silver Solid Amalgam for Electrochemical Measurements in Flow Systems
Authors: Yosypchuk Oksana , Barek Jiri , Yosypchuk Bogdan 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis paper presents the application of the tubular detector based on silver solid amalgam (TD‐AgSA) for electrochemical determinations of reducible inorganic (Cd2+, Zn2+) and organic (4‐nitrophenol) compounds under flow injection analysis conditions. The newly developed TD‐AgSA is simple, robust and inexpensive. The limits of detections of Zn2+, Cd2+ and 4‐nitrophenol are 1.4×10−6, 7.0×10−7, and 5.0×10−7 mol dm−3, respectively (i.e. 0.09, 0.08 and 0.07 ppm). The obtained results proved the long‐term stability of the detector (RSD of the determination of Zn2+, Cd2+, and 4‐nitrophenol were 0.8, 0.9 and 0.8 % (n=10; cZn=7.7×10−5 mol dm−3, cCd=4.5×10−5 mol dm−3 and c4‐NPh=3.6×10−5 mol dm−3), respectively and its applicability for cathodic measurements in aqueous solutions at potentials up to −2 V.
Ecological risk assessment in the context of global climate change
Authors: Landis Wayne G. , Durda Judi L. , Brooks Marjorie L. , Chapman Peter M. , Menzie Charles A. , Stahl Ralph G. , Stauber Jennifer L. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Changes to sources, stressors, habitats, and geographic ranges; toxicological effects; end points; and uncertainty estimation require significant changes in the implementation of ecological risk assessment (ERA). Because of the lack of analog systems and circumstances in historically studied sites, there is a likelihood of type III error. As a first step, the authors propose a decision key to aid managers and risk assessors in determining when and to what extent climate change should be incorporated. Next, when global climate change is an important factor, the authors recommend seven critical changes to ERA. First, develop conceptual cause–effect diagrams that consider relevant management decisions as well as appropriate spatial and temporal scales to include both direct and indirect effects of climate change and the stressor of management interest. Second, develop assessment end points that are expressed as ecosystem services. Third, evaluate multiple stressors and nonlinear responses—include the chemicals and the stressors related to climate change. Fourth, estimate how climate change will affect or modify management options as the impacts become manifest. Fifth, consider the direction and rate of change relative to management objectives, recognizing that both positive and negative outcomes can occur. Sixth, determine the major drivers of uncertainty, estimating and bounding stochastic uncertainty spatially, temporally, and progressively. Seventh, plan for adaptive management to account for changing environmental conditions and consequent changes to ecosystem services. Good communication is essential for making risk-related information understandable and useful for managers and stakeholders to implement a successful risk-assessment and decision-making process. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:79–92. © 2012 SETAC
Effects of the herbicide imazapyr on juvenile Oregon spotted frogs
Authors: Yahnke Amy E. , Grue Christian E. , Hayes Marc P. , Troiano Alexandra T. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Conflict between native amphibians and aquatic weed management in the Pacific Northwest is rarely recognized because most native stillwater-breeding amphibian species move upland during summer, when herbicide application to control weeds in aquatic habitats typically occurs. However, aquatic weed management may pose a risk for aquatic species present in wetlands through the summer, such as the Oregon spotted frog (OSF, Rana pretiosa), a state endangered species in Washington. Acute toxicity of herbicides used to control aquatic weeds tends to be low, but the direct effects of herbicide tank mixes on OSFs have remained unexamined. We exposed juvenile OSFs to tank mixes of the herbicide imazapyr, a surfactant, and a marker dye in a 96-h static-renewal test. The tank mix was chosen because of its low toxicity to fish and its effectiveness in aquatic weed control. Concentrations were those associated with low-volume (3.5 L/ha) and high-volume (7.0 L/ha) applications of imazapyr and a clean-water control. Following exposure, frogs were reared for two months in clean water to identify potential latent effects on growth. Endpoints evaluated included feeding behavior, growth, and body and liver condition indices. We recorded no mortalities and found no significant differences for any end point between the herbicide-exposed and clean-water control frogs. The results suggest that imazapyr use in wetland restoration poses a low risk of direct toxic effects on juvenile OSFs. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:228–235. © 2012 SETAC
Toxicity of forest fire retardant chemicals to stream-type chinook salmon undergoing parr–smolt transformation
Authors: Dietrich Joseph P. , Myers Mark S. , Strickland Stacy A. , Van Gaest Ahna , Arkoosh Mary R. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Long-term fire retardants are used to prevent the spread of wildland fires. These products are normally applied by aircraft and are intended specifically for terrestrial application, but fire retardants have entered aquatic habitats by misapplication and/or accidental spills and have resulted in fish mortalities. The authors examined the toxicity of two fire retardant products, PHOS-CHEK 259F and LC-95A, to salmon undergoing parr–smolt transformation. Yearling stream-type chinook salmon at the smolt stage were exposed to eight concentrations of each retardant in freshwater and a no-PHOS-CHEK control for 96 h to determine acute toxicity. Concentrations of the products that caused 50% mortality were 140.5 and 339.8 mg/L for 259F and LC-95A, respectively, and could occur during accidental drops into aquatic habitats. Damage to gill tissues seen in histopathological sections was attributed to fire retardant exposure. Un-ionized ammonia levels, from 259F, were sufficient to cause acute mortality; but additional factors, indicated by increased phagosome prevalence in the gills, might have contributed to mortality during LC-95A exposure. Seawater and disease challenges were performed to determine sublethal effects of product exposures on fish health. Although PHOS-CHEK exposure did not adversely affect chinook salmon's susceptibility to Listonella anguillarum, exposure did significantly reduce seawater survival. Reduced salmon survival resulting from prior fire retardant exposure during their transition from freshwater rearing environments to seawater may decrease the abundance of salmon populations. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:236–247. © 2012 SETAC
A method for assessing the potential for confounding applied to ionic strength in central Appalachian streams
Authors: Suter Glenn W. , Cormier Susan M. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Causal relationships derived from field data are potentially confounded by variables that are correlated with both the cause and its effect. The present study presents a method for assessing the potential for confounding and applies it to the relationship between ionic strength and impairment of benthic invertebrate assemblages in central Appalachian streams. The method weighs all available evidence for and against confounding by each potential confounder. It identifies 10 types of evidence for confounding, presents a qualitative scoring system, and provides rules for applying the scores. Twelve potential confounders were evaluated: habitat, organic enrichment, nutrients, deposited sediments, pH, selenium, temperature, lack of headwaters, catchment area, settling ponds, dissolved oxygen, and metals. One potential confounder, low pH, was found to be biologically significant and eliminated by removing sites with pH &lt; 6. Other potential confounders were eliminated based on the weight of evidence. This method was found to be useful and defensible. It could be applied to other environmental assessments that use field data to develop causal relationships, including contaminated site remediation or management of natural resources. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:288–295. © 2012 SETAC
Toxicity of diesel contaminated soils to the subantarctic earthworm Microscolex macquariensis
Authors: Mooney Thomas J. , King Catherine K. , Wasley Jane , Andrew Nigel R. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Several fuel spills have occurred on subantarctic Macquarie Island (54°30′ S 158°57′ E) associated with storing fuel and generating power for the island's research station. The Australian Antarctic Division began full-scale, on-site remediation of these sites in 2009. To develop appropriate target concentrations for remediation, acute and chronic tests were developed with the endemic earthworm, Microscolex macquariensis, using avoidance, survival, and reproduction as endpoints. Uncontaminated low (3%), medium (11%), and high (38–48%) carbon content soils from Macquarie Island were used to examine the influence of soil carbon on toxicity. Soils were spiked with Special Antarctic Blend (SAB) diesel and used either immediately to simulate a fresh spill or after four weeks to simulate an aged spill. Earthworms were sensitive to fresh SAB, with significant avoidance at 181 mg/kg; acute 14-d survival median lethal concentration (LC50) of 103 mg/kg for low carbon soil; and juvenile production median effective concentration (EC50) of 317 mg/kg for high carbon soil. Earthworms were less sensitive to aged SAB than to fresh SAB in high carbon soil for juvenile production (EC50 of 1,753 and 317 mg/kg, respectively), but were more sensitive for adult survival (LC50 of 2,322 and 1,364 mg/kg, respectively). Using M. macquariensis as a surrogate for soil quality, approximately 50 to 200 mg SAB/kg soil would be a sufficiently protective remediation target. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:370–377. © 2012 SETAC