bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring Communities of Facilitators: Orientations toward Restorative Justice
Authors: Paul Gregory D. , Borton Ian M. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAlthough current research on restorative justice largely has overlooked facilitators' roles in victim‐offender conferences, research on third parties suggests that they are more than neutral process guides. The study examined in this article involved an exploration of restorative justice facilitators' backgrounds, perceived responsibilities, and ideal outcomes to arrive at a theory of facilitated justice rooted in facilitator orientation and conference context. Based on individual interviews with facilitators from two restorative justice organizations, the results of this study suggest the presence of four orientations rooted in participant orientation and outcome orientation. These orientations lead to the development of a theory of facilitated justice.
What Moves Us: Dance and Neuroscience Implications for Conflict Approaches
Authors: Beausoleil Emily , LeBaron Michelle 
Published: January 2014

AbstractDespite its worldwide use in grassroots conflict approaches, dance, and the body more generally, remain largely unaddressed within conflict theory and conventional practice. We argue that the body is an essential focus of conflict theory and a ready resource for conflict practice by exploring the implications of compelling discoveries within the field of neuroscience. Examining the embodied dimensions of cognition, emotion, and memory, the physical roots of empathy, and the relationship of right‐ and left‐brain processes to conflict, we outline neuroscientific underpinnings of dance‐based approaches to conflict and the range of creative tools that arises from its use.
Fracture risk and areal bone mineral density in adolescent females with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Faje Alexander T. , Fazeli Pouneh K. , Miller Karen K. , Katzman Debra K. , Ebrahimi Seda , Lee Hang , Mendes Nara , Snelgrove Deirdre , Meenaghan Erinne , Misra Madhusmita , Klibanski Anne 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo (i) compare fracture prevalence in adolescent females with anorexia nervosa (AN) versus normal‐weight controls and (ii) examine whether reductions in areal bone mineral density (aBMD) predict fracture risk in females with AN.MethodFour‐hundred eighteen females (310 with active AN and 108 normal‐weight controls) 12‐ to 22‐years‐old were studied cross‐sectionally. Lifetime fracture history was recorded by a physician during participant interviews. Body composition and aBMD measurements of the whole body, whole body less head, lumbar spine, and hip were assessed by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry, and bone mineral apparent density (BMAD) was calculated for the lumbar spine.ResultsParticipants with AN and normal‐weight controls did not differ for chronological age, sexual maturity, or height. The lifetime prevalence of prior fracture was 59.8% higher in those with AN as compared to controls (31.0% vs. 19.4%, p = 0.02), and the fracture incidence rate peaked in our cohort after the diagnosis of AN. Lower aBMD and lumbar BMAD were not associated with a higher prevalence of fracture in the AN or control group on univariate or multivariate analyses. Compared to controls, fracture prevalence was significantly higher in the subgroup of girls with AN who had normal aBMD or only modest reductions of aBMD (Z‐scores > −1 or −1.5).DiscussionThis is the first study to show that the risk of fracture during childhood and adolescence is significantly higher in patients with AN than in normal‐weight controls. Fracture prevalence is increased in this cohort of participants with AN even without significant reductions in aBMD. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:458–466)
Structure Evolution and Up‐Conversion Studies of ZnX2O4:Er3+/Yb3+(X = Al3+, Ga3+, In3+) Nanoparticles
Authors: Wiglusz R. J. , Watras A. , Malecka M. , Deren P. J. , Pazik R. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA series of ZnX2O4:Er3+/Yb3+(X = Al3+, Ga3+, In3+) nanoparticles were obtained by using a modified Pechini technique. The crystal structure, morphology, and chemical composition of the engineered compounds were characterized in detail by means of X‐ray diffraction, Micro‐Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selected area electron diffraction, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. Particle sizes were estimated by using theoretical calculations (Scherrer and Rietveld methods) as well as experimental techniques [TEM and dynamic light scattering (DLS)] and were, furthermore, cross‐compared. The calculated average grain size, for dry powders, is in the range 20–45 nm. The hydrodynamic size was measured by using the DLS technique on nonmodified, surfactant‐free particles of the whole ZnX2O4series. The up‐conversion properties of the particles were discussed in detail. The low value of the green‐to‐red ratio points to a significant contribution of non‐radiative pathways, such as multiphonon relaxation or cross relaxation processes, to the depopulation of the green band, which feeds and favors the red emission of Er3+in the up‐conversion process.
Synthesis and Evaluation of an Enantiomerically Enriched Bifunctional Chelator for 64Cu‐Based Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Imaging
Authors: Chong Hyun‐Soon , Sun Xiang , Zhong Yongliang , Bober Kamil , Lewis Michael R. , Liu Dijie , Ruthengael Varyanna C. , Sin Inseok , Kang Chi Soo 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe report the synthesis and evaluation of an enantiomerically enriched bifunctional chelator, (S)‐C‐NE3TA. The bifunctional chelator was efficiently prepared by regioselective and stereoselective ring opening of an aziridinium ion. The new chiral chelator instantly and almost completely bound to 64Cu at room temperature. The corresponding 64Cu‐radiolabeled complex remained intact in human serum for 48 h without any measurable transchelation and was tolerant to a rigorous EDTA challenge for 24 h. The 64Cu‐radiolabeled (S)‐C‐NE3TA complex was stable in mice and produced an excellent biodistribution profile. The results of the in vitro and in vivo evaluations indicate that the new optically active chelator is a promising candidate for PET imaging applications.
Dirhodium(II)‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Aryl Aldehydes with Arylboronic Acids in Water
Authors: Kuang Yi , Wang Yuanhua 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn this report, dirhodium(II) catalysts with axial phosphanes ligands were employed to catalyze cross‐coupling reactions of aromatic aldehydes with arylboronic acids to generate ketones in neat water. The overall reaction is proposed to occur through a cascade process involving the dirhodium‐catalyzed addition of boronic acids to aldehydes followed by the dehydrogenative oxidation of alcohols.
Developing the Scope of O→C Aryl Migrations: Exploring Amide Substrates as Potential Precursors for Asymmetric Reactions
Authors: Ameen Dana , Snape Timothy J. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA new and mild method for the production of diasteromerically enriched α‐aryl carbonyl compounds has been achieved. Although only modest diastereoselectivies are observed, they demonstrate the potential of the method for further optimisation. It also appears that reactions that proceed through a five‐membered spirocyclic transition state rearrange, whereas those proceeding through a six‐membered transition state do not, but stop at the diaryl ether stage.
Hidden Flexibility of Strychnine
Authors: Schmidt Manuel , Reinscheid Frauke , Sun Han , Abromeit Hans , Scriba Gerhard K. E. , Sönnichsen Frank D. , John Michael , Reinscheid Uwe M. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe prototypic molecule for conformational rigidity, that is, strychnine, exhibits fast conformational exchange on the NMR timescale at room temperature. A comprehensive description of this up‐to‐now‐hidden stereodynamic behavior is presented, which combines experimental and computational data.
From Van Gogh to Lady Gaga: Artist eccentricity increases perceived artistic skill and art appreciation
Authors: Van Tilburg Wijnand Adriaan Pieter , Igou Eric Raymond 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe examined the impact of eccentricity on the evaluation of artistic skills and the quality of artworks. Based on the notion that artists are typically perceived as eccentric, creative and skilled, we tested the hypothesis that eccentricity increases perceptions of artistic quality. In Study 1, Van Gogh's Sunflowers painting was evaluated more positively when he was said to have cut off his left ear lobe than when this information was not presented. In Study 2, participants liked art more when the artist was eccentric. In Study 3, the evaluation of fictitious art increased because of the artist's eccentric appearance. Study 4 established that the eccentricity effect was specific to unconventional as opposed to conventional art. In Study 5, Lady Gaga's music was more appreciated when she was displayed as highly eccentric; however, the eccentricity effect emerged only when the display seemed authentic. These novel findings indicate that art evaluations are partly rooted in perceptions of artists' eccentricity and evidence the importance of perceived authenticity and skills for these attributions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid target gene validation in complex cancer mouse models using re‐derived embryonic stem cells
Authors: Huijbers Ivo J , Bin Ali Rahmen , Pritchard Colin , Cozijnsen Miranda , Kwon Min‐Chul , Proost Natalie , Song Ji‐Ying , de Vries Hilda , Badhai Jitendra , Sutherland Kate , Krimpenfort Paul , Michalak Ewa M , Jonkers Jos , Berns Anton 
Published: January 2014

AbstractHuman cancers modeled in Genetically Engineered Mouse Models (GEMMs) can provide important mechanistic insights into the molecular basis of tumor development and enable testing of new intervention strategies. The inherent complexity of these models, with often multiple modified tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes, has hampered their use as preclinical models for validating cancer genes and drug targets. In our newly developed approach for the fast generation of tumor cohorts we have overcome this obstacle, as exemplified for three GEMMs; two lung cancer models and one mesothelioma model. Three elements are central for this system; (i) The efficient derivation of authentic Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs) from established GEMMs, (ii) the routine introduction of transgenes of choice in these GEMM‐ESCs by Flp recombinase‐mediated integration and (iii) the direct use of the chimeric animals in tumor cohorts. By applying stringent quality controls, the GEMM‐ESC approach proofs to be a reliable and effective method to speed up cancer gene assessment and target validation. As proof‐of‐principle, we demonstrate that MycL1 is a key driver gene in Small Cell Lung Cancer.
STEM‐Net: an evolutionary network architecture for smart and sustainable cities
Authors: Aloi Gianluca , Bedogni Luca , Felice Marco Di , Loscrì Valeria , Molinaro Antonella , Natalizio Enrico , Pace Pasquale , Ruggeri Giuseppe , Trotta Angelo , Zema Nicola Roberto 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTThe concept of smart city has emerged worldwide as a feasible answer to the challenges raised by the increasing urbanisation. From the technological point of view, guaranteeing ubiquitous connectivity, reliable communications and seamless integration of multiple network access technologies are mandatory in a smart city. This is in contrast with the current infrastructure deployment in several urban areas, which is characterised by lack of ubiquitous connectivity and coverage and by fragmentation of networks that are usually deployed by different operators and without any centralised control by the city authorities. In this paper, we look at the heterogeneity of devices and network technologies under a different perspective by not perceiving it as a limitation but as a potential to increase the connectivity in a smart city. We propose a new generation of network nodes, called stem nodes, based on the innovative idea of ‘stemness’, which pushes forward the well‐known self‐configuration and self‐management concepts towards the idea of node mutation and evolution. We also deployed prototypes that demonstrate the stem‐node architecture and basic operations in different hardware platforms of common communication devices (an Alix‐based router, a laptop and a smartphone). Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Escaping from ancient Rome! Applications and challenges for designing smart cities
Authors: Heo Taewook , Kim Kwangsoo , Kim Hyunhak , Lee Changwon , Ryu Jae Hong , Leem Youn Taik , Jun Jong Arm , Pyo Chulsik , Yoo Seung‐Mok , Ko JeongGil 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTFrom ancient Europe, the renaissance and industrialisation eras, to the modern times, urban planning paradigms have evolved in many ways, advancing the environments where people live in. Nevertheless, the recent development of wireless and wired communication network technologies and low‐power miniature sensors for various application domains provide us with another chance of revolutionising cities by making them smarter. Smart cities, propelled by a city‐scale infrastructure, where information provided from different application systems integrate together, will initiate the development of new applications that can benefit our everyday lives. This article presents an overview of representative applications that consist a smart city with their respective challenges and application requirements. Furthermore, we share our experiences obtained from designing and deploying examples of such smart systems in multiple application domains and summarise the remaining challenges for making the vision of designing smart cities a reality. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High Polymer Content 3,5‐Pyridine‐Polybenzimidazole Copolymer Membranes with Improved Compressive Properties
Authors: Molleo M. A. , Chen X. , Ploehn H. J. , Fishel K. J. , Benicewicz B. C. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThree series of polybenzimidazole (PBI) copolymers (3,5‐pyridine‐r‐2OH‐PBI, 3,5‐pyridine‐r‐para‐PBI, and 3,5‐pyridine‐r‐meta‐PBI) were polymerized and cast into membranes by the polyphosphoric acid (PPA) process. Monomer pairs with high and low solubility characteristics were used to define phase stability‐processing windows for preparing membranes with high temperature membrane gel stability. Creep compliance of these membranes (measured in compression at 180 °C) generally decreased with increasing polymer content. Membrane proton conductivities decreased linearly with increasing membrane polymer content. Fuel cell performances of some high‐solids 3,5‐pyridine‐based copolymer membranes (up to 0.66 V at 0.2 A cm–2 following break‐in) were comparable to para‐PBI (0.68 V at 0.2 A cm–2) despite lower phosphoric acid (PA) loadings in the high solids membranes. Long‐term steady‐state fuel cell studies showed 3,5‐pyridine‐r‐para‐PBI copolymers maintained a consistent fuel cell voltage of >0.6 V at 0.2 A cm–2 for over 2,300 h. Phosphoric acid that was continuously collected from the long‐term study demonstrated that acid loss is not a significant mode of degradation for these membranes. The PBI copolymer membranes' reduced high‐temperature creep and long‐term operational stability suggests that they are excellent candidates for use in extended lifetime electrochemical applications.
The Effects of the Service Environment on Perceived Waiting Time and Emotions
Authors: Chien Shih‐Yi , Lin Ying‐Tung 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBecause customers’ experience of waiting for service may negatively affect their behavioral approach toward the service organization, improving the service environment may also improve their waiting experience. This study examined the different effects of environmental elements on the perceived waiting time route and the emotional route. We surveyed 326 customers of a leading fast‐food chain restaurant in Taiwan during rush hour. We found that the emotional route is a stronger predictor of customer approach behavior than the perceived waiting time route. Moreover, the explained wait and perceived crowding directly affect both the perceived waiting time route and the emotional route. The effect of the design factor on the customer behavior approach is significant in the emotional route, but it is not significant in the perceived waiting route. In addition, perceived crowding has the strongest effect on the perceived waiting time route, and the explained wait has the strongest effect on the emotional route.
A randomized, double‐blind, fixed‐dose study comparing the efficacy and tolerability of vortioxetine 2.5 and 10 mg in acute treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder
Authors: Mahableshwarkar Atul R. , Jacobsen Paula L. , Serenko Michael , Chen Yinzhong 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundVortioxetine is a recently approved multimodal antidepressant with anxiolytic properties in preclinical studies.ObjectiveThis double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study assessed the efficacy and tolerability of vortioxetine in subjects with a primary diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder.MethodsSubjects (n = 457) were randomized 1:1:1 to treatment with placebo or vortioxetine 2.5 or 10 mg once daily. The primary efficacy endpoint was reduction in Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM‐A) total scores from baseline after 8 weeks of treatment. Key secondary outcomes were changes from baseline in HAM‐A total scores for the 2.5 and 10 mg dose, Hospital Anxiety and Depression anxiety subscore, 36‐Item Short‐Form Health Survey, Sheehan Disability Scale, and Clinical Global Impression‐Improvement Scale score, as well as HAM‐A response rate at week 8.ResultsNeither vortioxetine dose achieved a statistically significant improvement over placebo on the primary endpoint (least‐squares mean difference ± standard error from placebo: –0.87 ± 0.803 [p = 0.279] for 2.5 mg and −0.81 ± 0.791 [p = 0.306] for 10 mg vortioxetine) or on any secondary efficacy endpoints. Common adverse events (≥5% in either vortioxetine group) were nausea, dry mouth, headache, diarrhea, constipation, and vomiting.ConclusionsVortioxetine 2.5 and 10 mg treatment did not significantly improve generalized anxiety disorder symptoms versus placebo. Vortioxetine was safe and well tolerated in this patient population. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SMOS‐derived soil moisture anomalies and drought indices: a comparative analysis using in situ measurements
Authors: Scaini Anna , Sánchez Nilda , Vicente‐Serrano Sergio M. , Martínez‐Fernández José 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe objective of this analysis is to demonstrate the feasibility of using a composite L2 Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) soil moisture product for determining drought conditions by taking advantage of its spatial and temporal resolutions. The work investigates the potential relationships between soil moisture anomalies and two drought indices, the Standardized Precipitation Index and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index, both calculated on a ten‐day basis. As the two drought indices can be applied to different time scales for precipitation series, the influence of time scale on the drought definition is also studied. The anomalies were calculated both for the in situ soil moisture by REMEDHUS (Soil Moisture Measurement Stations Network, Spain) and from the SMOS L2 soil moisture product. In general, in situ anomalies exhibit higher correlation coefficients for the drought indices than those of SMOS, except for the shortest time scale. As expected, the short‐term remotely sensed anomalies have a high response to precipitation events. This effect may be due to the greater sensitivity of SMOS data to rainfall, as well as to the spatial averaged nature of its observations. The optimal time scale was 1 month for the SMOS values and ranged between 30 and 50 days for the in situ values. The use of evapotranspiration in the calculation of the indices did not improve the description of the anomalies. The relationship between indices and soil moisture conditions provides encouraging results. Indeed, this method generates preliminary but valuable insights for future satellite products. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimization and characterization of stable lipid‐based, oxygen‐filled microbubbles by mixture design
Authors: Polizzotti Brian D. , Thomson Lindsay M. , O'Connell Daniel W. , McGowan Francis X. , Kheir John N. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractTissue hypoxia is a final common pathway that leads to cellular injury and death in a number of critical illnesses. Intravenous injections of self‐assembling, lipid‐based oxygen microbubbles (LOMs) can be used to deliver oxygen gas, preventing organ injury and death from systemic hypoxemia. However, current formulations exhibit high polydispersity indices (which may lead to microvascular obstruction) and poor shelf‐lives, limiting the translational capacity of LOMs. In this study, we report our efforts to optimize LOM formulations using a mixture response surface methodology (mRSM). We study the effect of changing excipient proportions (the independent variables) on microbubble diameter and product loss (the dependent variables). By using mRSM analysis, the experimental data were fit using a reduced Scheffé linear mixture model. We demonstrate that formulations manufactured from 1,2‐distearoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine, corn syrup, and water produce micron‐sized microbubbles with low polydispersity indices, and decreased product loss (relative to previously described formulations) when stored at room temperature over a 30‐day period. Optimized LOMs were subsequently tested for their oxygen‐releasing ability and found to have similar release kinetics as prior formulations. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 102B: 1148–1156, 2014.
Modeling and simulation of material degradation in biodegradable wound closure devices
Authors: Xiong Linfei , Chui Chee‐Kong , Teo Chee‐Leong , Lau David P. C. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBiodegradable materials have been used as wound closure materials. It is important for these materials to enhance wound healing when the wound is vulnerable, and maintain wound closure until the wound is heal. This article studies the degradation process of bioresorbable magnesium micro‐clips for wound closure in voice/laryngeal microsurgery. A novel computational approach is proposed to model degradation of the biodegradable micro‐clips. The degradation process that considers both material and geometry of the device as well as its deployment is modeled as an energy minimization problem that is iteratively solved using active contour and incremental finite element methods. Strain energy of the micro‐clip during degradation is calculated with the stretching and bending functions in the active contour formulation. The degradation rate is computed from strain energy using a transformation formulation. By relating strain energy to material degradation, the degradation rates and geometries of the micro‐clip during degradation can be represented using a simulated degradation map. Computer simulation of the degradation of the micro‐clip presented in the study is validated by in vivo and in vitro experiments. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 102B: 1181–1189, 2014.