bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polymerbasierte sphärische Aktivkohlen in Kombination mit TS‐1 als effiziente Epoxidierungskatalysatoren
Authors: With Patrick C. , Wilde Nicole , Modrow Antje , Fichtner Sven , Böhringer Bertram , Gläser Roger 
Published: June 2015

AbstractDie heterogen katalysierte Epoxidierung von kommerziellem Biodiesel mit wässrigem H2O2 als Oxidationsmittel wurde an Kompositkatalysatoren aus mikroporösem Titansilikalit‐1 (TS‐1) als reaktiver und einer polymerbasierten sphärischen Aktivkohle als sorptiver Komponente untersucht. Die Ergebnisse wurden mit denen eines kommerziellen TS‐1‐Katalysators verglichen. Die Polymer‐basierte sphärische Aktivkohle diente dabei als Trägermaterial oder als Exotemplat. In dem Kompositkatalysator werden die aktiven Titanatome viermal effizienter als in kommerziellem TS‐1‐Katalysator genutzt.
Quality of patient‐reported outcome reporting across cancer randomized controlled trials according to the CONSORT patient‐reported outcome extension: A pooled analysis of 557 trials
Authors: Efficace Fabio , Fayers Peter , Pusic Andrea , Cemal Yeliz , Yanagawa Jane , Jacobs Marc , la Sala Andrea , Cafaro Valentina , Whale Katie , Rees Jonathan , Blazeby Jane ,   for the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality‐of‐Life Group (Patient‐Reported Outcome Measurements Over Time in Oncology Registry)
Published: June 2015

BACKGROUNDThe main objectives of this study were to identify the number of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) including a patient‐reported outcome (PRO) endpoint across a wide range of cancer specialties and to evaluate the completeness of PRO reporting according to the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) PRO extension.METHODSRCTs with a PRO endpoint that had been performed across several cancer specialties and published between 2004 and 2013 were considered. Studies were evaluated on the basis of previously defined criteria, including the CONSORT PRO extension and the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing the risk of bias of RCTs. Analyses were also conducted by the type of PRO endpoint (primary vs secondary) and by the cancer disease site.RESULTSA total of 56,696 potentially eligible records were scrutinized, and 557 RCTs with a PRO evaluation, enrolling 254,677 patients overall, were identified. PROs were most frequently used in RCTs of breast (n = 123), lung (n = 85), and colorectal cancer (n = 66). Overall, PROs were secondary endpoints in 421 RCTs (76%). Four of 6 evaluated CONSORT PRO items were documented in less than 50% of the RCTs. The level of reporting was higher in RCTs with a PRO as a primary endpoint. The presence of a supplementary report was the only statistically significant factor associated with greater completeness of reporting for both RCTs with PROs as primary endpoints (β = .19, P = .001) and RCTs with PROs as secondary endpoints (β = .30, P < .001).CONCLUSIONSImplementation of the CONSORT PRO extension is equally important across all cancer specialties. Its use can also contribute to revealing the robust PRO design of some studies, which might be obscured by poor outcome reporting. Cancer 2015;121:3335–3342. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
A wideband time‐based continuous‐time sigma‐delta modulator with 2nd order noise‐coupling based on passive elements
Authors: Tamaddon Mohsen , Yavari Mohammad 
Published: June 2015

SummaryEmbedding the time encoding approach inside the loop of the sigma‐delta modulators has been shown as a promising alternative to overcome the resolution problems of analog‐to‐digital converters in low‐voltage complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor (CMOS) circuits. In this paper, a wideband noise‐transfer‐function (NTF)‐enhanced time‐based continuous‐time sigma‐delta modulator (TCSDM) with a second‐order noise‐coupling is presented. The proposed structure benefits from the combination of an asynchronous pulse width modulator as the voltage‐to‐time converter and a time‐to‐digital converter as the sampler to realize the time quantization. By using a novel implementation of the analog‐based noise‐coupling technique, the modulator's noise‐shaping order is improved by two. The concept is elaborated for an NTF‐enhanced second‐order TCSDM, and the comparative analytical calculations and behavioral simulation results are presented to verify the performance of the proposed structure. To further confirm the effectiveness of the presented structure, the circuit‐level implementation of the modulator is provided in Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) 90 nm CMOS technology. The simulation results show that the proposed modulator achieves a dynamic range of 84 dB over 30 MHz bandwidth while consuming less than 25 mW power from a single 1 V power supply. With the proposed time‐based noise‐coupling structure, both the order and bandwidth requirements of the loop filter are relaxed, and as a result, the analog complexity of the modulator is significantly reduced. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization, Crystal Structures, Energetics, and Thermal Stabilities of Li[AlX4] (X = Cl, Br): Investigation and Performance of Their Electrolyte Solutions
Authors: Scholz Franziska , Unkrig Wiebke , Eiden Philipp , Schmidt Michael A. , Garsuch Arnd , Krossing Ingo 
Published: June 2015

AbstractLithium chloro‐ and bromoaluminates were prepared, fully characterized, and investigated as conducting salts for battery applications. In addition, thermodynamic investigations of their lattice enthalpies and other quantities were carried out. The Li[AlX4] salts also show very high conductivities in solvents of very low polarity, which makes them suitable candidates for conducting salts and battery systems working with voltages below ca. 3.5 V (X = Br) or ca. 4.4 V (X = Cl), such as lithium‐sulfur batteries (LSBs). In particular, the bromoaluminates, with their Pearson‐soft character, which prevents ion‐pair formation with the Pearson‐hard lithium ion, are promising for this purpose. An interesting alternative solvent for LSBs might be o‐difluorobenzene, in which Li[AlBr4] shows very high solubility and conductivity. The carbonate solvents typically used for LIBs are not suitable for the bromoaluminates, and Li[AlCl4] also shows corrosive behavior towards aluminum at potentials higher than 2.5 V. This can be prevented by, for example, addition of Li[PF6].
Cyclometalated Diruthenium Complexes Bridged by 3,3′,5,5′‐Tetra(pyrid‐2‐yl)biphenyl: Tuning of Electronic Properties and Intervalence Charge Transfer by Terminal Ligand Effects
Authors: Yang Wen‐Wen , Shao Jiang‐Yang , Zhong Yu‐Wu 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSix cyclometalated diruthenium complexes bridged by 3,3′,5,5′‐tetra(pyrid‐2‐yl)biphenyl have been prepared, in which 12+, 32+, and 52+ are symmetric complexes with different terminal ligands [2,6‐bis(N‐methylbenzimidazolyl)pyridine (Mebip), 4′‐tolyl‐2,2′:6′,2″‐terpyridine (ttpy), and trimethyl‐4,4′,4″‐tricarboxylate‐2,2′:6′,2″‐terpyridine (Me3tctpy), respectively]. Three other complexes with mixed terminal ligands (Mebip‐Me3tctpy for 62+; Mebip‐ttpy for 72+; ttpy‐Me3tctpy for 82+) are structurally nonsymmetric. These complexes display two consecutive Ru(III/II) redox couples between 0.20 and 0.90 V vs. Ag/AgCl, with the potential splitting ranging from 150 (for 52+) to 280 mV (for 62+). The mixed‐valent states of these complexes have been generated by stepwise electrolysis. The symmetric complexes show intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) transitions at similar energy (Eop ≈ 5750 cm–1), with the electronic coupling parameter Vab of 1240, 1220, and 970 cm–1 for 13+, 33+, and 53+, respectively. The nonsymmetric series show significantly different Eop (7600, 5850, and 6650 cm–1 for 63+, 73+, and 83+, respectively) but Vab values that were comparable to that of 13+. DFT and TDDFT calculations have been performed to complement these experimental results.
Regioselective, One‐Pot, Three‐Component Synthesis of 1,3,4‐ and 1,3,5‐Triarylpyrazoles from 1‐ and 2‐Aryl‐1‐alkenyl Sulfones
Authors: Fuse Shinichiro , Sugiyama Hirotaka , Kobayashi Daisuke , Iijima Yusuke , Matsumura Keisuke , Tanaka Hiroshi , Takahashi Takashi 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA one‐pot, three‐component coupling of aldehydes with hydrazines and 1‐aryl‐1‐alkenyl sulfones or 2‐aryl‐1‐alkenyl sulfones for the regioselective synthesis of 1,3,4‐ and 1,3,5‐triarylpyrazoles was developed. In our developed procedure, 2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐p‐benzoquinone (DDQ) worked as an effective oxidant, and the addition of an strong acid was not necessary. We synthesized 1,3,4‐ and 1,3,5‐triarylpyrazoles containing acid‐labile functionalities in a one‐pot reaction in good yields.
Carbon concentration and oxygen availability affect lipid and carotenoid production by carob pulp syrup‐grown Rhodosporidium toruloides NCYC 921
Authors: Parreira Teresa Margarida , Freitas Claudia , Reis Alberto , Roseiro José , da Silva Teresa Lopes 
Published: June 2015

The simultaneous effect of oxygen availability and carbon source concentration on yeast lipid and carotenoid production has never been studied before. In this work, a Doehlert distribution design was used to study the simultaneous effect of carbon concentration and oxygen availability on Rhodosporidium toruloides NCYC 921 carotenoid and lipid production. A cheap industrial byproduct was used as carbon source (carob pulp syrup). A total sugar concentration of 106.3 g/L and a medium volume of 0.120 L induced the highest total carotenoid and total fatty acid productivities (4.60 μg/Lh and 0.029 g/Lh, respectively). Flow cytometry was used to assess yeast stress response under different cultivation conditions. The highest proportion of cells with permeabilised membrane (>20%) was induced when the cultivations were carried out at the highest sugar concentration studied (130.0 g/L) or when the culture reached the minimum final medium pH (4.60). The results showed that the total sugar concentration had a positive influence on the yeast biomass and carotenoid content, while the oxygen availability had little influence on the biomass concentration, but had a slight positive influence on the carotenoid content. Regarding the fatty acids, the two factors had a negative impact on the synthesis of these compounds.
Lymph node density as an independent prognostic factor in node‐positive patients with tonsillar cancer
Authors: Park Jun‐Ook , Joo Young‐Hoon , Cho Kwang‐Jae , Kim Min‐Sik 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of lymph node density for predicting the survival of patients with tonsillar cancer and positive neck nodes.MethodsWe reviewed data for 64 patients diagnosed with tonsillar cancer with lymph node metastasis in a retrospective single center audit.ResultsLymph node density (≥0.05), extracapsular spread (ECS), number of ECS (≥3), vascular invasion, perineural invasion, and N classification (N1/N2a vs N2b/N2c) were significant predictors of 5‐year disease‐free survival (DFS). Lymph node density (≥0.05), human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, and N classification (N1/N2a vs N2b/N2c) were significant predictors of 5‐year overall survival (OS). In the multivariate analysis, categorical lymph node density remained a significant predictor of DFS (p = .025*; hazard ratio [HR] = 6.063) and no parameter was significantly predictive of OS.ConclusionLymph node density might be useful as an independent predictor of survival in patients with tonsillar cancer and positive lymph nodes. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E705–E711, 2016
Absence or low IGF‐1R‐expression in esophageal adenocarcinoma is associated with tumor invasiveness and radicality of surgical resection
Authors: De Bruijn Kirstin , Biermann Katharina , Shapiro Joel , Dogan Fadime , Spaander Manon , Janssen Joseph , Wijnhoven Bas , Borsboom Gerard , Hofland Leo , van Eijck Casper 
Published: June 2015

Background and ObjectivesEsophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) incidence increases, maybe due to increasing prevalences of obesity and diabetes. Concurrent hyperinsulinemia might promote carcinogenesis via the insulin‐like growth factor‐I receptor (IGF‐1R). Expression of the IGF‐1R was studied in correlation with diabetes and prognostic parameters.MethodsPatients with EAC undergoing esophagectomy were prospectively selected. From resected tumors a tissue microarray was constructed. Immunohistochemistry evaluated IGF‐1R‐expression. Logistic‐, cox regression models and survival analyses assessed if diabetes and IGF‐1R‐expression were associated with prognostic parameters. IGF‐1R‐expression in normal and Barrett tissues was studied.ResultsAbsence or low IGF‐1R‐expression was associated with T3‐, grade 3 tumors and R1 resections (P = 0.001, P = 0.025, P < 0.001, respectively). Logistic regression showed that this was associated with R1 resections (HR 0.24, 95%CI 0.11–0.52). Diabetes was not associated with IGF‐1R‐expression (P = 0.612). Absence or low IGF‐1R‐expression decreased 5‐year overall survival (P = 0.023) univariably, but not multivariably. IGF‐1R‐expression was present in Barrett tissues, but diminished in high‐grade dysplasia.ConclusionsAbsence or low expression of IGF‐1R was associated with high grade‐ and advanced tumors and less radical resections. IGF‐1R might be a tumor marker in Barrett's esophagus since a change in expression patterns was found in the course from normal esophageal tissue to adenocarcinoma. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015 111:1047–1053. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Electrospun Fibers Containing Bio‐Based Ricinoleic Acid: Effect of Amount and Distribution of Ricinoleic Acid Unit on Antibacterial Properties
Authors: Totaro Grazia , Paltrinieri Laura , Mazzola Giuseppe , Vannini Micaela , Sisti Laura , Gualandi Chiara , Ballestrazzi Antonio , Valeri Sergio , Pollicino Antonino , Celli Annamaria , Di Gioia Diana , Focarete Maria Letizia 
Published: June 2015

AbstractNovel bio‐based and biodegradable electrospun membranes, containing bactericidal ricinoleic acid (RA) units either by copolymerization with butylene succinate (BS) units or by blending PRA and PBS homopolymers, are characterized in their chemical, thermal, mechanical and surface properties. In the blends E. coli and S. aureus mortality rate increases with PRA amount, while the copolymer shows lower bactericidal activity compared to the blend with similar composition. XPS demonstrates that in the blends an enrichment of RA units at the fiber surface occurs during electrospinning due to phase separation, while in the copolymer RA units are homogeneously dispersed along fiber cross‐section.
Properties of the Cannabis Abuse Screening Test (CAST) in the general population
Authors: Legleye Stéphane , Guignard Romain , Richard Jean‐Baptiste , Kraus Ludwig , Pabst Alexander , Beck François 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis paper explores the DSM‐IV latent structure of cannabis users (especially its invariance towards gender and age) and assesses the psychometric properties of the Cannabis Abuse Screening Test (CAST) by confrontation with the theoretical diagnoses [dependence and cannabis use disorders (CUD)] and the latent class structure of the DSM‐IV. The random sample comprised 550 French cannabis smokers aged 15–62 years interviewed by telephone. DSM‐IV diagnoses were assessed with the Munich Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Internal structures of both instruments were assessed using factor analysis and latent class analysis. Optimal CAST cutoffs were determined by sensitivity, specificity and area under the receiver operating curve (AUC). CAST and DSM‐IV were unidimensional (Cronbach's α = 0.742 and 0.752, respectively), although a two‐factor solution showed a better fit for the CAST. CAST cutoffs for screening CUD and dependence were three (AUC = 0.851) and five (AUC = 0.868), respectively. DSM‐IV latent class structure varied only marginally in age and gender. Three classes of cannabis smokers were determined, ordered along a continuum of symptoms: non‐symptomatic (61.1%), moderate (32.9%) and severe (6.0%). CAST cutoff scores for screening moderate/severe and severe were, respectively, three (AUC = 0.869) and eight (AUC = 0.952). Results are compared to those obtained in previous CAST studies and discussed in line with the DSM‐5. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of oxygen concentration during the deposition of window layers on lowering the metastability effects in Cu(In,Ga)Se2/CBD Zn(S,O) based solar cell
Authors: Naghavi Negar , Temgoua Solange , Hildebrandt Thibaud , Guillemoles Jean François , Lincot Daniel 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe purpose of the present paper is to focus on the impact of oxygen gas partial pressure during the sputtering of i‐ZnO and ZnMgO on the transient behavior of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGSe) based solar cells parameters when a CBD‐Zn(S,O) buffer layer is used. Based on electrical characterization of cells, it is observed that the effect of light soaking is different on J–V characteristics depending on whether oxygen is or is not present during the first deposition time of the i‐ZnO or ZnMgO layers. In fact, when cells are prepared with standard i‐ZnO, the efficiencies are very low and a pronounced transient behavior is observed. However, when the first 10 nm of i‐ZnO or ZnMgO is formed by sputtered layer without adding oxygen during the process, depending on the thickness of the buffer layer, the transient effects strongly decreases. It is then possible to get stable cells reaching efficiencies quite similar to the CdS reference cells, especially with ZnMgO, without any post‐treatments. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Changing Geographies of Ethnic Diversity in England and Wales, 1991–2011
Authors: Catney Gemma 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWhile ethnic diversity is traditionally an urban characteristic, new spaces of diversity are emerging. This challenges our current understandings of the geographies of ethnic diversity and forces us to consider the more intricate spatial patterns and processes of ethnic group population change. Ethnic diversity, now a key feature of contemporary society in Britain, is an issue of public, policy, political, and academic interest; the 2011 Census provided an opportunity to update our knowledge of how diversity has grown, and in what ways. This paper explores the new geographies of ethnic diversity in England and Wales, mapping the evolving landscape of diversity over two decades. The paper makes use of measures of diversity and clustering for small areas (wards) for consistent geographies for 1991–2011, and for the most recent decade using a district level urban–rural area classification. There is evidence of a spreading out of ethnic diversity from urban centres towards areas traditionally less diverse. Spatial mixing has increased – the period also saw a growth of minority ethnic groups in areas outside own‐group clusters. The increased share of all ethnic groups (White British and minority) in less urban areas challenges claims of ‘White flight’ from diversity. Increased ethnic diversity is clearly an important feature of contemporary population change, and the coming years are likely to see continued mixing between people and within places – and in new locales. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact of Guizhou topography on the distribution of freezing rain in early January 2011
Authors: Deng Difei , Gao Shouting , Hu Liang , Du Xiaoling , Wang Jin , Wang Chengxin 
Published: June 2015

Among different winter precipitation types, freezing rain is the most dangerous and the most difficult to forecast. Nearly 84% of total freezing rain days in China occur over Guizhou province. Statistical analysis indicates that the frequency distribution of freezing rain over Guizhou is correlated to its topography. In this article, a typical freezing rain case from 2011 is selected to explore the impact of Guizhou topography on the distribution of freezing rain.Synoptic analysis shows that this event is dominated by two cold currents below 800 hPa and a warm, moist southwesterly at 700 hPa, which contribute to an overlaying surface cold layer and a warm layer aloft in central Guizhou. Freezing rain is developed through a ‘warm rain process’ under the mid–lower tropospheric warm layer. Contrasting numerical terrain experiments demonstrate that Guizhou terrain plays an essential role in the formation of freezing rain by influencing the set‐up of the surface cold layer, warm layer and precipitation. Except for the effect of altitude, the vertical distance between the cold centre in the cold flow and the surface height also impacts on the formation of the surface cold layer. The intensities of the warm layer and inversion change after altering terrain height. The number of rainwater particles reaching the surface layer decreases as the surface temperature increases in the lowered terrain experiment, whereas the block of steeper windward slope results in an increase of surface precipitation in the heightened terrain experiment. The regions experiencing freezing rain shrink after reducing the terrain but spread southeastwards after raising the terrain. The unique topography of Guizhou including its elevation and distribution contributes to the highest frequency of freezing rain in China.
Pikeperch, Sander lucioperca Invasion in the Neretva River Watershed (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia) After Alteration of River Flow
Authors: Pavličević J. , Glamuzina L. , Conides A. , Savić N. , Rozić I. , Klaoudatos D. , Kazić A. , Glamuzina B. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe invasion history and the recent distribution, abundance and prey composition of pikeperch, Sander lucioperca in Neretva River watershed (Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia) are presented. The species was illegally/unintentionally introduced in Ramski Reservoir in the upper river part in 1986, while establishment of its abundant populations was reported during the 1990s in two connected artificial reservoirs. The research on the present abundance and food composition was executed during the 2012–2014 period. The results showed that pikeperch occupied most of the water bodies of the Neretva River, with an exception of natural river parts with gravel sediment and fast flow: all five artificial reservoirs (Ramski, Jablanički, Grabovica, Salakovac and Mostarski reservoirs) and lower wetland zone. However, the success and impact of colonization differ among water bodies, indicating pikeperch preference for warm and shallow reservoirs. Pikeperch prey is composed of different fish species abundant in specific water bodies. In artificial reservoirs, it preys mostly on introduced fish species, with a potential for controlling pumpkinseed abundance and biomass. Sampling carried out in Ramski Reservoir between 2013 and 1014 showed exclusive feeding on the introduced Leucaspius delineatus, and the establishment of a new food web, where only introduced species play significant roles. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.