bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Encountering climate change: ‘seeing’ is more than ‘believing’
Authors: Reser Joseph P. , Bradley Graham L. , Ellul Michelle C. 
Published: May 2014

Individuals' direct exposure to and experience of climate change are arguably integral aspects of their risk perceptions, understandings, and engagement with the issue. Recent research investigating these experiences has thrown into sharp relief some fundamental considerations with respect to public risk perceptions and responses, in particular the extent to which such perceived encounters might reflect a priori beliefs and motivated reasoning. Findings to date are intriguing and compelling, both in regard to the escalating percentages of individuals who report having such personal encounters, and conclusions being drawn with respect to the nature, significance, and influence of such direct experience. These findings have also led to some intuitively reasonable but possibly problematic recommendations regarding policy and issue and behavioural engagement implications. A focus on underlying processes of experience and belief, oversimplified in terms of ‘seeing’ or ‘believing’, has however deflected attention from other issues such as the nature and contexts of individual climate change encounters, the clarity of the constructs and validity of the measures being used for ‘belief’ and ‘experience’, and the transactional and phenomenological nature of climate change encounters. There is nonetheless current and convergent evidence that perceived direct experience of environmental changes or events deemed to be manifestations of climate change influences psychological responses such as risk perception, acceptance, belief certainty, distress, and psychological and behavioural adaptation. These findings suggest that such experiences, for many, foster a contextualized and more personally meaningful realisation of what climate change portends, implies, and ultimately means, locally and globally.This article is categorized under:

Perceptions, Behavior, and Communication of Climate Change > Perceptions of Climate Change
Synthesis and Surface‐Active Behavior of New Fluorinated Hyperbranched Polymer
Authors: Zhang Yue , Wang Yan , Zhang Huimin , Wang Xi , Zhao Yongxiang , Liu Jun , Wang Feng 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn this article, a series of novel hyperbranched fluorinated polymer with polyglycerol (PG) as the hydrophilic core and poly(2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl methacrylate) (PTFEMA) as solvophobic arms were synthesized. When the atom transfer radical polymerization was carried out using N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) as the solvent, [M]/[I] ratio of 200, and [CuBr]/[NBr] ratio of 0.1 at 30 °C, controlled polymerization was achieved. The surface active properties of the polymer at the dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)/air and chloroform/water interface were studied by pendant drop measurements. The results showed that the copolymers could reduce surface tension (interfacial tension) in a manner analogous to the conventional surfactant in aqueous solutions. Thermodynamic analysis suggested that the solvophobic PTFEMA chains play an important role in determining the driving force of the aggregate formation in DMSO.
Computer‐navigated minimally invasive total knee arthroplasty for patients with retained implants in the femur
Authors: Lin Sung‐Yen , Chen Chung‐Hwan , Huang Peng‐Ju , Fu Yin‐Chih , Huang Hsuan‐Ti 
Published: May 2014

AbstractTotal knee arthroplasty (TKA) in patients with knee arthritis and retained implants in the ipsilateral femur is a challenge for knee surgeons. Use of a conventional intramedullary femoral cutting guide is not practical because of the obstruction of the medullary canal by implants. Previous studies have shown that computer‐assisted surgery (CAS) can help restore alignment in conventional TKA for patients with knee arthritis with retained femoral implants or extra‐articular deformity, without the need for implant removal or osteotomy. However, little has been published regarding outcomes with the use of navigation in minimally invasive surgery (MIS)‐TKA for patients with this complex knee arthritis. MIS has been proven to provide less postoperative pain and faster recovery than conventional TKA, but MIS‐TKA in patients with retained femoral implants poses a greater risk in limb malalignment. The purpose of this study is to report the outcome of CAS‐MIS‐TKA in patients with knee arthritis and retained femoral implants. Between April 2006 and March 2008, eight patients with knee arthritis and retained femoral implants who underwent the CAS‐MIS‐TKA were retrospectively reviewed. Three of the eight patients had extra‐articular deformity, including two femur bones and one tibia bone, in the preoperative examination. The anteroposterior, lateral, and long‐leg weight‐bearing radiographs carried out at 3‐month follow‐up was used to determine the mechanical axis of lower limb and the position of components. The mean preoperative femorotibial angle in patients without extra‐articular deformity was 3.8° of varus and was corrected to 4.6° of valgus. With the use of navigation in MIS‐TKA, the two patients in this study with extra‐articular femoral deformity also obtained an ideal postoperative mechanical axis within 2° of normal alignment. Overall, there was a good restoration of postoperative mechanical alignment in all cases, with a mean angle of 0.4° of varus. No limb malalignment or component malposition was found. In clinical assessments, there were also significant improvements in knee specific scores, functional scores, and motion arc. The results of this study suggest that navigation can help achieve accurate alignment and proper prosthesis positioning in MIS‐TKA for patients with retained femoral implants and for whom intramedullary rod guidance is impractical.
Using an FFQ to assess intakes of dietary flavonols and flavones among female adolescents in the Suihua area of northern China
Authors: Sun Caihong , Wang Hui , Wang Dong , Chen Yanping , Zhao Yan , Xia Wei 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to (i) evaluate the reproducibility and validity of a designed FFQ, (ii) apply the FFQ for estimating the dietary intakes of four flavonols and two flavones in female adolescents and (iii) explain their major dietary sources.DesignThe reproducibility between the first and second FFQ administrations (1 year interval) was estimated using the intra-class correlation coefficient. The validity of the first FFQ relative to the average of four three-day 24 h dietary recalls (24-HR) from four seasons was assessed using the Spearman correlation coefficient. Using a flavonoid content database, the individual flavonol and flavone intakes were calculated and the major food sources were estimated.SettingMiddle school in Suihua area of Heilongjiang Province, northern China.SubjectsFemale adolescents (n 887) aged 12–18 years.ResultsBetter reproducibility and validity were obtained in the present study. The flavonol and flavone intakes were 16·29 and 4·31 mg/d, respectively. Quercetin and kaempferol were the major contributors (26·8 % and 23·7 %, respectively) to the total intake of flavonols and flavones. The main food sources of flavonols and flavones were apples (14·1 %), followed by potatoes (7·5 %), lettuce (7·3 %) and oranges (7·3 %).ConclusionsThe dietary flavonol and flavone intakes among female adolescents in northern China were similar to those reported in several countries, but significant differences were observed in the food sources ascribed to the geographical location and dietary characteristics.
Photosynthetic potential of planets in 3 : 2 spin–orbit resonances
Authors: Brown S.P. , Mead A.J. , Forgan D.H. , Raven J.A. , Cockell C.S. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractPhotosynthetic life requires sufficient photosynthetically active radiation to metabolize. On Earth, plant behaviour, physiology and metabolism are sculpted around the night–day cycle by an endogenous biological circadian clock. The evolution of life was influenced by the Earth–Sun orbital dynamic, which generates the photo-environment incident on the planetary surface. In this work, the unusual photo-environment of an Earth-like planet (ELP) in 3 : 2 spin–orbit resonance is explored. Photo-environments on the ELP are longitudinally differentiated, in addition to differentiations related to latitude and depth (for aquatic organisms) which are familiar on Earth. The light environment on such a planet could be compatible with Earth's photosynthetic life although the threat of atmospheric freeze-out and prolonged periods of darkness would present significant challenges. We emphasize the relationship between the evolution of life on a planetary body with its orbital dynamics.
The Mt John University Observatory search for Earth-mass planets in the habitable zone of α Centauri
Authors: Endl Michael , Bergmann Christoph , Hearnshaw John , Barnes Stuart I. , Wittenmyer Robert A. , Ramm David , Kilmartin Pam , Gunn Fraser , Brogt Erik 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe ‘holy grail’ in planet hunting is the detection of an Earth-analogue: a planet with similar mass as the Earth and an orbit inside the habitable zone. If we can find such an Earth-analogue around one of the stars in the immediate solar neighbourhood, we could potentially even study it in such great detail to address the question of its potential habitability. Several groups have focused their planet detection efforts on the nearest stars. Our team is currently performing an intensive observing campaign on the α Centauri system using the High Efficiency and Resolution Canterbury University Large Échelle Spectrograph (Hercules)at the 1 m McLellan telescope at Mt John University Observatory in New Zealand. The goal of our project is to obtain such a large number of radial velocity (RV) measurements with sufficiently high temporal sampling to become sensitive to signals of Earth-mass planets in the habitable zones of the two stars in this binary system. Over the past few years, we have collected more than 45 000 spectra for both stars combined. These data are currently processed by an advanced version of our RV reduction pipeline, which eliminates the effect of spectral cross-contamination. Here we present simulations of the expected detection sensitivity to low-mass planets in the habitable zone by theHerculesprogramme for various noise levels. We also discuss our expected sensitivity to the purported Earth-mass planet in a 3.24-day orbit announced by Dumusqueet al.(2012).
Peace operations by proxy: implications for humanitarian action of UN peacekeeping partnerships with non-UN security forces
Authors: Labbé Jérémie , Boutellis Arthur 
Published: May 2014

AbstractMandates of United Nations (UN) peacekeeping missions increasingly include stabilisation and peace enforcement components, which imply a proactive use of force often carried out by national, regional or multinational non-UN partners, operating either in support of or with the support of the UN, acting as ‘proxies’. This article analyses the legal, policy and perception/security implications of different types of ‘peace operations by proxy’ and the additional challenges that such operations create for humanitarian action. It suggests some mitigating measures, including opportunities offered by the UN Human Rights Due Diligence Policy, for a more coherent approach to the protection of civilians, but also acknowledges some of the limitations to an independent UN-led humanitarian action.
Talker Identification Across Source Mechanisms: Experiments With Laryngeal and Electrolarynx Speech
Authors: Perrachione Tyler K. , Stepp Cara E. , Hillman Robert E. , Wong Patrick C. M. 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to determine listeners' ability to learn talker identity from speech produced with an electrolarynx, explore source and filter differentiation in talker identification, and describe acoustic-phonetic changes associated with electrolarynx use.

Method
Healthy adult control listeners learned to identify talkers from speech recordings produced using talkers' normal laryngeal vocal source or an electrolarynx. Listeners' abilities to identify talkers from the trained vocal source (Experiment 1) and generalize this knowledge to the untrained source (Experiment 2) were assessed. Acoustic-phonetic measurements of spectral differences between source mechanisms were performed. Additional listeners attempted to match recordings from different source mechanisms to a single talker (Experiment 3).

Results
Listeners successfully learned talker identity from electrolarynx speech but less accurately than from laryngeal speech. Listeners were unable to generalize talker identity to the untrained source mechanism. Electrolarynx use resulted in vowels with higher F1 frequencies compared with laryngeal speech. Listeners matched recordings from different sources to a single talker better than chance.

Conclusions
Electrolarynx speech, although lacking individual differences in voice quality, nevertheless conveys sufficient indexical information related to the vocal filter and articulation for listeners to identify individual talkers. Psychologically, perception of talker identity arises from a “gestalt” of the vocal source and filter.
Basal NF-κB controls IL-7 responsiveness of quiescent naïve T cells
Authors: Miller Michelle L. , Mashayekhi Mona , Chen Luqiu , Zhou Ping , Liu Xindong , Michelotti Monica , Tramontini Gunn Nicole , Powers Sarah , Zhu Xiaoping , Evaristo Cesar , Alegre Maria-Luisa , Molinero Luciana L. 
Published: May 2014

SignificanceT lymphocytes are white blood cells that recognize and fight pathogens. Maintenance of sufficient numbers of T cells is essential to prevent susceptibility to infections. Survival of quiescent T cells is maintained, in part, by the interaction between the soluble factor (IL-7 produced by various stromal cells) and the IL-7 receptor (IL-7R) expressed on the surface of T cells. Here, we show that naïve T cells have basal nuclear levels of the transcription factor NF-κB and that is key to maintain IL-7R expression in T cells and for their survival. Our results imply that antiinflammatory therapies targeting NF-κB may affect the pool of naïve T cells required to control infections.
Face-selective neurons maintain consistent visual responses across months
Authors: McMahon David B. T. , Jones Adam P. , Bondar Igor V. , Leopold David A. 
Published: May 2014

Significance
The brains of humans and other primates contain specialized regions dedicated to the perception of socially important objects such as faces. It is not known whether face representations remain stable over time, or alternatively whether they are subject to slow change in response to ongoing experience. By using implanted microwires to monitor the activity of single cells longitudinally across several weeks and up to one year, we demonstrate that face-selective neurons maintain the same distinctive selectivity patterns for as long as they were followed. The long-term consistency of these neurons might reflect a division of labor within the face-processing network for aspects of social perception that require stability as opposed to plasticity.
Regulation of host weight gain and lipid metabolism by bacterial bile acid modification in the gut
Authors: Joyce Susan A. , MacSharry John , Casey Patrick G. , Kinsella Michael , Murphy Eileen F. , Shanahan Fergus , Hill Colin , Gahan Cormac G. M. 
Published: May 2014

Significance
It is known that the gastrointestinal microbiota influences adiposity and weight gain in the host. However the mechanisms by which gut microorganisms coordinate host physiological processes are currently unclear. We demonstrate that a single, widely distributed function of the gut microbiota, bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity, significantly influences lipid metabolism, weight gain, and cholesterol levels in the host. In our study microbial BSH activity was shown to direct expression of host signalling pathways with known roles in lipid metabolism, circadian rhythm, and epithelial cell function. The work defines the significant impact of in situ bile hydrolysis on host metabolism and indicates how this finding may be exploited as a potential intervention strategy for the control of obesity and metabolic syndrome.
Transduction channels’ gating can control friction on vibrating hair-cell bundles in the ear
Authors: Bormuth Volker , Barral Jérémie , Joanny Jean-François , Jülicher Frank , Martin Pascal 
Published: May 2014

Significance
In this work, we developed a dynamic force assay to characterize frictional forces that impede sound-evoked vibrations of hair-cell bundles, the mechanosensory antennas of the inner ear. We find that opening and closing of mechanosensitive ion channels in the hair bundle produce frictional forces that can dominate viscous drag on the hair-bundle structure. We show that channel friction can be understood quantitatively using a physical theory of hair-bundle mechanics that includes channel kinetics. Friction originating from gating of ion channels is a concept that is relevant to all mechanosensitive channels. In the context of hearing, this channel friction may contribute to setting the characteristic frequency of the hair cell.
Altered global brain signal in schizophrenia
Authors: Yang Genevieve J. , Murray John D. , Repovs Grega , Cole Michael W. , Savic Aleksandar , Glasser Matthew F. , Pittenger Christopher , Krystal John H. , Wang Xiao-Jing , Pearlson Godfrey D. , Glahn David C. , Anticevic Alan 
Published: May 2014

Significance
This study identified elevated global brain signal variability in schizophrenia, but not bipolar illness. This variability was related to schizophrenia symptoms. A commonly used analytic procedure in neuroimaging, global signal regression, attenuated clinical effects and altered inferences. Furthermore, local voxel-wise variance was increased in schizophrenia, independent of global signal regression. Finally, neurobiologically grounded computational modeling suggests a putative mechanism, whereby altered overall connection strength in schizophrenia may underlie observed empirical results.
Histone variant H3.3 is an essential maternal factor for oocyte reprogramming
Authors: Wen Duancheng , Banaszynski Laura A. , Liu Ying , Geng Fuqiang , Noh Kyung-Min , Xiang Jenny , Elemento Olivier , Rosenwaks Zev , Allis C. David , Rafii Shahin 
Published: May 2014

Significance
A differentiated cell nucleus can be reprogrammed into the pluripotent state by maternal factors in ooplasm; the factors that are responsible for this reprogramming process have not yet been identified. In this paper, we show that histone variant H3.3 is one of the essential maternal factors involved in somatic nuclear reprogramming. Maternal H3.3, not H3.3 in the donor chromatin, is required for development and the reactivation of many key pluripotency genes in somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos. H3.3 facilitates reprogramming by remodeling the donor nuclear chromatin through replacement of donor H3 in chromatin with de novo synthesized maternal H3.3 at the beginning of reprogramming in SCNT embryos.
PedsQL Gastrointestinal Symptoms Module
Authors: Varni James W. , Bendo Cristiane B. , Denham Jolanda , Shulman Robert J. , Self Mariella M. , Neigut Deborah A. , Nurko Samuel , Patel Ashish S. , Franciosi James P. , Saps Miguel , Verga Barbara , Smith Alicia , Yeckes Alyson , Heinz Nicole , Langseder Annette , Saeed Shehzad , Zacur George M. , Pohl John F. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTObjective:The objective of this study was to report on the measurement properties of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) Gastrointestinal Symptoms Module for patients with functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorders (FGIDs) and organic GI diseases, hereafter referred to as “GI disorders,” for patient self‐report ages between 5 and 18 and parent proxy‐report for ages between 2 and 18 years.Methods:The 74‐item PedsQL GI Module and 23‐item PedsQL Generic Core Scales were completed in a 9‐site study by 584 patients and 682 parents. Patients had physician‐diagnosed GI disorders (such as chronic constipation, functional abdominal pain, irritable bowel syndrome, functional dyspepsia, Crohn disease, ulcerative colitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease).Results:Fourteen unidimensional scales were derived measuring stomach pain, stomach discomfort when eating, food and drink limits, trouble swallowing, heartburn and reflux, nausea and vomiting, gas and bloating, constipation, blood, diarrhea, worry, medicines, and communication. The PedsQL GI Module Scales evidenced excellent feasibility, excellent reliability for the Total Scale Scores (patient self‐report α = 0.97, parent proxy‐report α = 0.97), and good‐to‐excellent reliability for the 14 individual scales (patient self‐report α = 0.67–0.94, parent proxy‐report α = 0.77–0.95). Intercorrelations with the Generic Core Scales supported construct validity. Individual Symptoms Scales known‐groups validity across 7 GI disorders was generally supported. Factor analysis supported the unidimensionality of the individual scales.Conclusions:The PedsQL GI Module Scales demonstrated acceptable‐to‐excellent measurement properties and may be used as common metrics to compare GI‐specific symptoms in clinical research and practice both within and across patient groups for FGIDs and organic GI diseases.
How the approval of rules influences motivation
Authors: Inauen Emil 
Published: May 2014

Purpose– With their specific characteristics, religious orders provide an interesting environment that can be used to deepen the understanding and dynamics of work motivation in the public sector. The paper aims to discuss this issue.Design/methodology/approach– The paper empirically investigates the levels and kinds of motivation (from extrinsic to intrinsic) in different religious orders, and analyze some major factors of influence. A broad survey of monastic leaders offers a unique data set to analyze the influence of constitutions and traditions on motivation in a quantitative and comparative way. The theoretical foundations are based upon self-determination theory (SDT), formalization and public service motivation.Findings– The paper shows that even the most constrained and hierarchically structured communities succeed in preventing a crowding out of self-determined motivation. On the one hand, this can be ascribed to the influence of faith and religion. On the other hand, and this is the focus of the paper, the analysis suggests that if norms and structures are approved and considered essential, a crowding-out effect is absent, and motivation levels can be maintained.Research limitations/implications– This study has an explorative character; it is intended to provide interest for further research. Because of the particular position of religious orders, and equally because of the relatively small sample and few variables concerning the approval of rules and traditions, further investigations in other settings are needed.Practical implications– An alternative path to increase public service motivation comes into play. The negative effects of little or no autonomy and strict regulation in an organization's daily routines can be tempered by a conscious composition and awareness of governance, i.e. an understanding of and agreement upon constitutions, rules and traditions.Originality/value– The approval of constitutions and traditions has received little study, yet offers new insights into public service motivation, SDT and formalization.