bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel simultaneous photoelastic and two‐beam interferometric system: I. Dynamic full‐field evaluation of the elasticity modulus profile of polymeric fibres
Authors: HAMZA A. A. , SOKKAR T. Z. N. , EL‐FARAHATY K. A. , RASLAN M. I. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryA novel optical setup for simultaneous capturing of photoelastic and two‐beam interference patterns was designed. The designed optical setup was used to simultaneously record two types of patterns. The first pattern is two‐beam interference pattern, and the second one is photoelastic interference pattern produced by objects under stress. This simultaneous capturing of the two patterns allowed us to calculate the full‐field distribution of the elasticity modulus profile of fibres. A mathematical expression of the profile of the elasticity modulus was derived. This was applied to evaluate the elasticity modulus of anisotropic isotactic polypropylene fibres during stretching processes. The profile of the elasticity modulus was determined for both static and dynamic in situ cases where the propagation of different structural deformations was observed and studied using the designed optical setup. Patterns were given for illustration.
Evidence for an angiotensin‐(1‐7) neuropeptidase expressed in the brain medulla and CSF of sheep
Authors: Marshall Allyson C. , Pirro Nancy T. , Rose James C. , Diz Debra I. , Chappell Mark C. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAngiotensin‐(1‐7) [Ang‐(1‐7)] is an alternative product of the brain renin‐angiotensin system that exhibits central actions to lower blood pressure and improve baroreflex sensitivity. We previously identified a peptidase that metabolizes Ang‐(1‐7) to the inactive metabolite product Ang‐(1‐4) in CSF of adult sheep. This study purified the peptidase 1445‐fold from sheep brain medulla and characterized this activity. The peptidase was sensitive to the chelating agents o‐phenanthroline and EDTA, as well as the mercury compound p‐chloromercuribenzoic acid (PCMB). Selective inhibitors to angiotensin‐converting enzyme, neprilysin, neurolysin, and thimet oligopeptidase did not attenuate activity; however, the metallopeptidase agent JMV‐390 was a potent inhibitor of Ang‐(1‐7) hydrolysis (Ki = 0.8 nM). Kinetic studies using 125I‐labeled Ang‐(1‐7), Ang II, and Ang I revealed comparable apparent Km values (2.6, 2.8, and 4.3 μM, respectively), but a higher apparent Vmax for Ang‐(1‐7) (72 vs. 30 and 6 nmol/min/mg, respectively; p < 0.01). HPLC analysis of the activity confirmed the processing of unlabeled Ang‐(1‐7) to Ang‐(1‐4) by the peptidase, but revealed < 5% hydrolysis of Ang II or Ang I, and no hydrolysis of neurotensin, bradykinin or apelin‐13. The unique characteristics of the purified neuropeptidase may portend a novel pathway to influence actions of Ang‐(1‐7) within the brain.
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Angiotensin‐(1‐7) actions are mediated by the AT7/Mas receptor and include reduced blood pressure, decreased oxidative stress, enhanced baroreflex sensitivity, and increased nitric oxide (NO). Ang‐(1‐7) is directly formed from Ang I by neprilysin (NEP). We identify a new pathway for Ang‐(1‐7) metabolism in the brain distinct from angiotensin‐converting enzyme‐dependent hydrolysis. The Ang‐(1‐7) endopeptidase (A7‐EP) degrades the peptide to Ang‐(1‐4) and may influence central Ang‐(1‐7) tone.
Role of alpha‐1 antitrypsin in human health and disease
Authors: de Serres F. , Blanco I. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAlpha‐1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency is an under‐recognized hereditary disorder associated with the premature onset of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, liver cirrhosis in children and adults, and less frequently, relapsing panniculitis, systemic vasculitis and other inflammatory, autoimmune and neoplastic diseases. Severe AAT deficiency mainly affects Caucasian individuals and has its highest prevalence (1 : 2000–1 : 5000 individuals) in Northern, Western and Central Europe. In the USA and Canada, the prevalence is 1: 5000–10 000. Prevalence is five times lower in Latin American countries and is rare or nonexistent in African and Asian individuals. The key to successful diagnosis is by measuring serum AAT, followed by the determination of the phenotype or genotype if low concentrations are found. Case detection allows implementation of genetic counselling and, in selected cases, the application of augmentation therapy. Over the past decade, it has been demonstrated that AAT is a broad‐spectrum anti‐inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti‐infective and tissue‐repair molecule. These new capacities are promoting an increasing number of clinical studies, new pharmacological formulations, new patent applications and the search for alternative sources of AAT (including transgenic and recombinant AAT) to meet the expected demand for treating a large number of diseases, inside and outside the context of AAT deficiency.
Electromyographic analysis of masseter and temporal muscles, bite force, masticatory efficiency in medicated individuals with schizophrenia and mood disorders compared with healthy controls
Authors: de Oliveira R. H. , Hallak J. E. C. , Siéssere S. , de Sousa L. G. , Semprini M. , de Sena M. F. , Osorio F. de L. , Nunes E. A. , Pinto J. P. , Regalo S. C. H. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryThis study aimed to comparatively analyse the electromyographic activity of the masseter and temporal muscles at rest and during mandible postural clinical conditions (right and left laterality, protrusion and maximum voluntary contraction), right and left maximum molar bite forces and the masticatory efficiency of individuals with schizophrenia or mood disorders – all medicated (medicated groups) compared with control group (healthy volunteers) via electromyography. Individuals were distributed into three groups: Group I (Schizophrenia – 20 individuals), Group II (mood disorders – 20 individuals) and Group III (Control – 40 individuals). Basically, the results were only statistically significant for the clinical mandible conditions and bite force. The most unsatisfactory results were observed in the medicated groups in relation to the control group. The group with mood disorders obtained the most unsatisfactory results compared with the group with schizophrenia. It was suggested by these observations that the association of mood disorders and schizophrenia with medication has negatively affected the stomatognathic system in relation to controls when the electromyography and bite force were used for the analysis.
GENETIC CLASSIFICATION OF OIL FAMILIES IN THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN SECTORS OF THE GULF OF SUEZ, EGYPT
Authors: El Diasty W. Sh. , Peters K. E. 
Published: March 2014

The results of geochemical analyses were used to classify ten oil samples from six fields in the central and southern sectors of the Gulf of Suez, Egypt. The samples were collected from sandstone pay‐zones ranging in age from Early Palaeozoic (Nubia‐C) to Miocene (Kareem Formation) at various present‐day depths. Molecular and stable isotope analyses indicate the presence of two genetic oil families (Families I and II) and suggest their probable source rocks.The biomarker characteristics of Family 1 oils include low Pr/Ph ratio, CPI < 1.0, depleted rearranged steranes, very low diahopane concentrations, high sulphur content, high metal content and V/Ni ratio, low oleanane index, abundance of gammacerane and C27 steranes, and high relative abundance of homohopanes and C30 24‐n‐propylcholestanes. Source rock deposition took place under anoxic marine‐carbonate and hypersaline conditions. The NCR and NDR 24‐norcholestane ratios together with the presence of highly‐branched isoprenoids in this oil family are consistent with Upper Cretaceous – Lower Paleogene source rocks. These characteristics suggest that the Upper Cretaceous Duwi Formation/Brown Limestone or Lower Eocene Thebes Formation are the source rocks for the oils in this family, which occur in the central sector of the Gulf of Suez.Family II oils have geochemical characteristics that point to a mature source rock deposited in a weakly reducing or suboxic setting under normal salinity conditions. Abundant oleananes, high 24‐ to 27‐norcholestane ratios and abundant C25 highly‐branched isoprenoids suggest a Paleogene source rock. The Lower Miocene Rudeis Formation is the best candidate to have generated these oils which occur in the southern sector of the Gulf of Suez.
SEISMIC STRATIGRAPHIC ANALYSIS AND STRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTERPRETED UPPER CAMBRIAN TO MIDDLE ORDOVICIAN SEQUENCE IN THE NW BLANTYRE SUB‐BASIN, DARLING BASIN (WESTERN NEW SOUTH WALES, AUSTRALIA)
Authors: Khalifa M. Kh. , Mills K. J. 
Published: March 2014

In this paper, a new interpretation is presented of the seismic stratigraphy of units equivalent to the upper Cambrian to middle Ordovician Scropes Range Formation in the NW Blantyre Sub‐basin in the central part of the Palaeozoic Darling Basin, western New South Wales. This succession was previously unrecognised, attributed to the lower part of the overlying Winduck Interval, or regarded as basement. The structural development of the study area is described, and may contribute to a better understanding of the regional stratigraphic evolution of the Lower Palaeozoic section in this part of the Darling BasinThis study presents interpretations of a regional two‐dimensional seismic survey which investigated the upper Cambrian to middle Ordovician Scropes Range Formation in the NW Blantyre Sub‐basin. A shallow marine Cambro‐Ordovician succession is well established in the Bancannia Trough in the western Darling Basin but this interval appears to have been ignored in the central Darling Basin where a deeper‐marine environment and suitable kitchen conditions may have provided greater petroleum potential. Data from two shallow wells in the 831 km2 study area were available to support the seismic investigations. Seismic sequences were defined by a combination of horizon mapping, the configuration of internal reflections, termination patterns and thicknesses. Six seismic reflection horizons were defined and used to identify five seismic sequences named Units A, B, C, D and E. These features were identified in three seismic lines and demonstrate the continuity of the Scropes Range Formation throughout the NW Blantyre Sub‐basin. All seismic sequence boundaries are based on fair to good continuous markers, with strong amplitudes throughout the study area. The acoustic basement beneath the Scropes Range Formation was metamorphosed in the Delamerian Orogeny (around 500 Ma). Acoustic facies recognized in the three seismic lines can be correlated with sedimentary facies observed in outcrops in the Scropes Range, 130 km west of the study area, and are comparable to acoustic facies in modern fluvial sandstones associated with local braided delta deposits. Complex geological features suggest potential structural and stratigraphic hydrocarbon traps.This study emphasizes the reservoir potential of the Scropes Range Formation in the central Darling Basin where extensive exploration efforts are currently occurring. The detailed interpretation of the seismic stratigraphy may lead to the definition of new exploration plays in this under‐explored region.
Pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin in pigs after intravenous and intramuscular administration of a single dose of 8 mg/kg: dose proportionality, influence of the age of the animals and urinary elimination
Authors: Schneider M. , Paulin A. , Dron F. , Woehrlé F. 
Published: March 2014

The pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin in pigs were evaluated as a function of dose and animal age following intravenous and intramuscular administration of a 16% solution (Forcyl®). The absolute bioavailability of marbofloxacin as well as the dose proportionality was evaluated in 27‐week‐old fattening pigs. Blood PK and urinary excretion of marbofloxacin were evaluated after a single intramuscular dose of 8 mg/kg in 16‐week‐old male pigs. An additional group of 12‐week‐old weaned piglets was used for the evaluation of age‐related kinetics. The plasma and urine concentration of marbofloxacin was determined using a HPLC method. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using noncompartmental methods. After intravenous administration in 27‐week‐old fattening pigs, the total body clearance was 0.065 L/h·kg. After intramuscular administration to the same animals, the mean observedCmaxwas 6.30 μg/mL, and the AUCINFwas 115 μg·h/mL. The absolute bioavailability was 91.5%, and dose proportionality was shown within the dose range of 4–16 mg/kg. The renal clearance was about half of the value of the total clearance. The total systemic clearance values significantly decreased as a function of age, being 0.092 L/h·kg and 0.079 L/h·kg in pigs aged 12 and 16 weeks, respectively.
Nucleotide excision repair in Trypanosoma brucei: specialization of transcription‐coupled repair due to multigenic transcription
Authors: Machado Carlos R. , Vieira‐da‐Rocha João P. , Mendes Isabela Cecilia , Rajão Matheus A. , Marcello Lucio , Bitar Mainá , Drummond Marcela G. , Grynberg Priscila , Oliveira Denise A. A. , Marques Catarina , Van Houten Ben , McCulloch Richard 
Published: March 2014

SummaryNucleotide excision repair (NER) is a highly conserved genome repair pathway acting on helix distorting DNA lesions. NER is divided into two subpathways: global genome NER (GG‐NER), which is responsible for repair throughout genomes, and transcription‐coupled NER (TC‐NER), which acts on lesions that impede transcription. The extent of the Trypanosoma brucei genome that is transcribed is highly unusual, since most genes are organized in multigene transcription units, each transcribed from a single promoter. Given this transcription organization, we have addressed the importance of NER to T. brucei genome maintenance by performing RNAi against all predicted contributing factors. Our results indicate that TC‐NER is the main pathway of NER repair, but only CSB, XPBz and XPG contribute. Moreover, we show that UV lesions are inefficiently repaired in T. brucei, perhaps due to preferential use of RNA polymerase translesion synthesis. RNAi of XPC and DDB was found to be lethal, and we show that these factors act in inter‐strand cross‐link repair. XPD and XPB appear only to act in transcription, not repair. This work indicates that the predominance of multigenic transcription in T. brucei has resulted in pronounced adaptation of NER relative to the host and may be an attractive drug target.
Collecting, Exhibiting, and Interpreting: Museums as Mediators and Midwives of Meaning
Authors: Karp Ivan , Kratz Corinne A 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA commentary on Paul Mullins's article “The Banality of Everyday Consumption,” this essay engages questions concerning domestic objects that might be collected in urban settings. It discusses challenges involved in documenting the complex meanings associated with such objects, what happens when objects are incorporated into museum collections and exhibitions, and how museum visitors interpret exhibitions in relation to their own expectations, assumptions, and narratives. [collecting, exhibitions, objects, narrative, visitor reception]
Collecting Contemporary Urban Culture: An Emerging Framework for the Field Museum
Authors: Wali Alaka 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe article discusses a process and protocol for adding contemporary urban material culture to the Field Museum. The Field Museum is a natural history museum with significant anthropology collections that has experimented with exhibiting contemporary cultural themes but lacks a significant collection in this area. I argue that urban lifeways are an important area for collecting work and that building such a collection should be done within the parameters of anthropological theorizing on social life, material culture, and the urban context. [collections protocols, urban material culture, Field Museum]
Theories of Material Agency and Practice: A Guide to Collecting Urban Material Culture
Authors: Clarke Alison 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn understanding the objects of urban life, social scientists formerly emphasized formal phases of acquisition; mechanisms such as advertising, retailing, and marketing placed at the forefront of their theorization. The lived trajectories of material culture have taken on a new prescience for museology as contemporary anthropological discourse and everyday urban practice increasingly acknowledge the embeddedness of “things.” Highlighting examples of the recent intersection of social science discourse, museology, art practice, and popular culture, this article explores concepts of material agency as a source for thinking through future collecting of urban material culture. [material culture, material agency, contemporary museology]
Material Agency in the Urban Material Culture Initiative
Authors: Rotenberg Robert 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis contribution to the discussion of collecting contemporary objects reviews the implications of taking seriously how and what objects communicate, especially how we can identify the ways messages are coded in the forms of familiar objects. Of special interest are the conceptual tools that are available to differentiate these messages when objects are arranged in assemblages, including emergent implicit messages, the messages implicit in sets of objects. I advocate an approach to collecting in museums based on the tactics people use to create these assemblages at home. What theorizing about material agency offers to our collection program is a focus on objects in use rather than objects isolated from use. [material culture, consumption, agency, assemblage]
Eating disorders: When social rank perceptions are shaped by early shame experiences
Authors: Matos Marcela , Ferreira Cláudia , Duarte Cristiana , Pinto‐Gouveia José 
Published: March 2014

ObjectivesRecent research has shown that early adverse experiences can be an important risk factor for eating disorders. However, the role of early shame memories and how they are structured as traumatic and central memories to self‐identity in eating disorders has never been investigated. This study explores the phenomenology of shame memories involving attachment figures and other agents from the wider social domain in patients with eating disorders, and examines the relationship between their traumatic and centrality features, social comparison based on physical appearance, and the severity of eating psychopathology.DesignThe study has a cross‐sectional design using a structured interview to assess retrospective data.MethodsParticipants in this study were 36 patients with an eating disorder diagnosis, who were assessed using Eating Disorder Examination (EDE 16.0D), the Shame Experiences Interview (SEI), and self‐report instruments measuring the traumatic features and centrality to identity of shame memories and social comparison.ResultsResults indicated that the traumatic and centrality qualities of shame memories involving social agents other than attachment figures (e.g., peers) are significantly correlated with unfavourable social rank perceptions and with increased eating psychopathology severity. Furthermore, the impact of such shame memories on eating psychopathology is fully mediated by social comparisons based on physical appearance.ConclusionsThese findings highlight the importance of early shame experiences involving peers and other social agents that become traumatic memories, central to self‐identity, to eating disorder patients' perceptions of inferiority and their core psychopathology features.Practitioner points

Early shame experiences of patients with eating disorders should be carefully assessed.

Shame traumatic memories involving social agents outside the family circle (e.g., peers) seem to be especially damaging for patients with eating disorders, and influence how physical appearance is used as a central dimension to establish their social rank.

Practitioners should directly work with these shame memories, focusing on diminishing their traumatic nature and reconstruct their central meaning to self‐identity.
Identification of a candidate gene for resistance to root‐knot nematode in a wild peach and screening of its polymorphisms
Authors: Cao Ke , Wang Lirong , Zhao Pei , Zhu Gengrui , Fang Weichao , Chen Changwen , Wang Xinwei 
Published: March 2014

AbstractRoot‐knot nematode disease, caused by Meloidogyne species, is an important soil‐borne disease of peach (Prunus persica L.) worldwide. To identify a major locus of genetic resistance to M. incognita, PkMi, in a wild peach species, we reconstructed a linkage group in a BC1 population of 187 lines using resistance gene analogue markers surrounding the PkMi locus. A resistance gene analogue marker, ppa021062m, co‐segregated with the PkMi locus and was therefore considered a strong candidate for PkMi. Phylogenetic analysis of the deduced protein sequences of ppa021062m, together with the other seven genes for nematode resistance, allowed ppa021062m to be assigned to the Toll/Interleukin1 Receptor‐Nucleotide Binding Site‐Leucine Rich Repeat class, similar to Ma in myrobalan plum (P. cerasifera). Comparative analysis of the candidate gene sequence in four genotypes that had different levels of resistance to root‐knot nematode disease showed that most non‐synonymous SNPs in the genic region were distributed in the TIR and NBS motifs. This study enhances our understanding of the genetic and molecular control of resistance to root‐knot nematode disease in peach.
Dynamics of leaf water relations components in co‐occurring iso‐ and anisohydric conifer species
Authors: MEINZER FREDERICK C. , WOODRUFF DAVID R. , MARIAS DANIELLE E. , MCCULLOH KATHERINE A. , SEVANTO SANNA 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBecause iso‐ and anisohydric species differ in stomatal regulation of the rate and magnitude of fluctuations in shoot water potential, they may be expected to show differences in the plasticity of their shoot water relations components, but explicit comparisons of this nature have rarely been made. We subjected excised shoots of co‐occurring anisohydricJuniperus monospermaand isohydricPinus edulisto pressure‐volume analysis with and without prior artificial rehydration. InJ. monosperma, the shoot water potential at turgor loss (ΨTLP) ranged from −3.4 MPain artificially rehydrated shoots to −6.6 MPain shoots with an initialΨof −5.5 MPa, whereas inP. edulismeanΨTLPremained at ∼ −3.0 MPaover a range of initialΨfrom −0.1 to −2.3 MPa. The shoot osmotic potential at full turgor and the bulk modulus of elasticity also declined sharply with shootΨinJ. monosperma, but not inP. edulis. The contrasting behaviour ofJ. monospermaandP. edulisreflects differences in their capacity for homeostatic regulation of turgor that may be representative of aniso‐ and isohydric species in general, and may also be associated with the greater capacity ofJ. monospermato withstand severe drought.