bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reducing mortality from hip fractures: a systematic quality improvement programme
Authors: Lisk Radcliffe , Yeong Keefai 
Published: September 2014

AbstractHip fracture is one of the most serious consequences of falls in the elderly, with a mortality of 10% at one month and 30% at one year. Elderly patients with hip fractures have complex medical, surgical, and rehabilitation needs, and a well-coordinated multidisciplinary team approach is essential for the best outcome.The model of best practice for hip fracture care is set out in the Orthopaedic Blue Book and is incentivised by the best practice tariff. In 2009 to 2010, only 39.6% of our patients were being operated on within 36 hours, 19% achieved best practice tariff [1], and mortality was 7.8%. We were ranked as one of the worst hospitals to achieve best practice tariff [1] and our mortality was average.The orthogeriatrics team at Ashford & St Peter's NHS Trust (SPH) was implemented in 2010. Through a system redesign, regular governance meetings, audits and quality improvement projects, we have managed to improve care for our patients and reduce mortality.Over the last three years we have successfully achieved best care for our hip fracture patients, demonstrating a steady improvement in our attainment of the best practice tariff and a reduction in mortality to 5.3% in 2013, which ranks us amongst the best trusts nationally.
Improving medical induction in obstetrics and gynaecology
Authors: Allen Eve , Palmer Edward , Lloyd Jilly 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe present a year long quality improvement project to bring a new induction programme to the obstetrics and gynaecology (O&G) department of University Hospital Lewisham (UHL). Aimed at non-speciality junior doctors, including general practice and foundation trainees, the induction programme has sought to improve the quality of care delivered and experience of these transiting junior doctors.We have demonstrated a readily implementable and sustainable programme that requires only modest input of time from senior trainees (ST3+) periodically throughout the year. We have highlighted the specific need for senior consultant investment in the success and sustainability of such a project. We have demonstrated improvement of learning outcomes (p=0.01) in junior doctors undertaking the induction programme at Kirkpatrick's hierarchy level 2.
Job insecurity is associated with adult asthma in Germany during Europe's recent economic crisis: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Loerbroks Adrian , Bosch Jos A , Douwes Jeroen , Angerer Peter , Li Jian 
Published: September 2014

BackgroundJob insecurity has been identified as a risk factor for adverse health outcomes. Perceptions of job insecurity steeply increased during Europe's recent economic downturn, which commenced in 2008. The current study assessed whether job insecurity was associated with incident asthma in Germany during this period.MethodsWe used prospective data from the German Socio-Economic Panel for the period 2009–2011 (follow-up rate=77.5%, n=7031). Job insecurity was defined by respondents’ ratings of the probability of losing their job within the next 2 years and asthma as self-reports of physician-diagnosed asthma. Associations between job insecurity in 2009 (continuous z-scores or categorised variables) and incident asthma by 2011 were assessed using multivariable Poisson regression.ResultsThe risk of asthma increased significantly by 24% with every one SD increase of the job insecurity variable. In dichotomised analyses, a probability of job loss of ≥50% (vs <50%) was associated with a 61% excess risk of asthma. A trichotomous categorisation of job insecurity confirmed this finding.ConclusionsThis study has shown, for the first time, that perceived job insecurity may increase the risk of new onset asthma. Further prospective studies may examine the generalisability of our findings and determine the underlying mechanisms.
Oncogene Pathway Activation in Mammary Tumors Dictates FDG-PET Uptake
Authors: Alvarez James V. , Belka George K. , Pan Tien-Chi , Chen Chien-Chung , Blankemeyer Eric , Alavi Abass , Karp Joel S. , Chodosh Lewis A. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Increased glucose utilization is a hallmark of human cancer that is used to image tumors clinically. In this widely used application, glucose uptake by tumors is monitored by positron emission tomography of the labeled glucose analogue 2[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG). Despite its widespread clinical use, the cellular and molecular mechanisms that determine FDG uptake—and that underlie the heterogeneity observed across cancers—remain poorly understood. In this study, we compared FDG uptake in mammary tumors driven by the Akt1, c-MYC, HER2/neu, Wnt1, or H-Ras oncogenes in genetically engineered mice, correlating it to tumor growth, cell proliferation, and expression levels of gene involved in key steps of glycolytic metabolism. We found that FDG uptake by tumors was dictated principally by the driver oncogene and was not independently associated with tumor growth or cellular proliferation. Oncogene downregulation resulted in a rapid decrease in FDG uptake, preceding effects on tumor regression, irrespective of the baseline level of uptake. FDG uptake correlated positively with expression of hexokinase-2 (HK2) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α) and associated negatively with PFK-2b expression and p-AMPK. The correlation between HK2 and FDG uptake was independent of all variables tested, including the initiating oncogene, suggesting that HK2 is an independent predictor of FDG uptake. In contrast, expression of Glut1 was correlated with FDG uptake only in tumors driven by Akt or HER2/neu. Together, these results demonstrate that the oncogenic pathway activated within a tumor is a primary determinant of its FDG uptake, mediated by key glycolytic enzymes, and provide a framework to interpret effects on this key parameter in clinical imaging. Cancer Res; 74(24); 7583–98. ©2014 AACR.
TRAP1 Is Involved in BRAF Regulation and Downstream Attenuation of ERK Phosphorylation and Cell-Cycle Progression: A Novel Target for BRAF-Mutated Colorectal Tumors
Authors: Condelli Valentina , Piscazzi Annamaria , Sisinni Lorenza , Matassa Danilo Swann , Maddalena Francesca , Lettini Giacomo , Simeon Vittorio , Palladino Giuseppe , Amoroso Maria Rosaria , Trino Stefania , Esposito Franca , Landriscina Matteo 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Human BRAF-driven tumors are aggressive malignancies with poor clinical outcome and lack of sensitivity to therapies. TRAP1 is a HSP90 molecular chaperone deregulated in human tumors and responsible for specific features of cancer cells, i.e., protection from apoptosis, drug resistance, metabolic regulation, and protein quality control/ubiquitination. The hypothesis that TRAP1 plays a regulatory function on the BRAF pathway, arising from the observation that BRAF levels are decreased upon TRAP1 interference, was tested in human breast and colorectal carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. This study shows that TRAP1 is involved in the regulation of BRAF synthesis/ubiquitination, without affecting its stability. Indeed, BRAF synthesis is facilitated in a TRAP1-rich background, whereas increased ubiquitination occurs upon disruption of the TRAP1 network that correlates with decreased protein levels. Remarkably, BRAF downstream pathway is modulated by TRAP1 regulatory activity: indeed, TRAP1 silencing induces (i) ERK phosphorylation attenuation, (ii) cell-cycle inhibition with cell accumulation in G0–G1 and G2–M transitions, and (iii) extensive reprogramming of gene expression. Interestingly, a genome-wide profiling of TRAP1-knockdown cells identified cell growth and cell-cycle regulation as the most significant biofunctions controlled by the TRAP1 network. It is worth noting that TRAP1 regulation on BRAF is conserved in human colorectal carcinomas, with the two proteins being frequently coexpressed. Finally, the dual HSP90/TRAP1 inhibitor HSP990 showed activity against the TRAP1 network and high cytostatic potential in BRAF-mutated colorectal carcinoma cells. Therefore, this novel TRAP1 function represents an attractive therapeutic window to target dependency of BRAF-driven tumors on TRAP1 translational/quality control machinery. Cancer Res; 74(22); 6693–704. ©2014 AACR.
Paclitaxel-Loaded PEG-PE–Based Micellar Nanopreparations Targeted with Tumor-Specific Landscape Phage Fusion Protein Enhance Apoptosis and Efficiently Reduce Tumors
Authors: Wang Tao , Yang Shenghong , Mei Leslie A. , Parmar Chirag K. , Gillespie James W. , Praveen Kulkarni P. , Petrenko Valery A. , Torchilin Vladimir P. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
In an effort to improve the therapeutic index of cancer chemotherapy, we developed an advanced nanopreparation based on the combination of landscape phage display to obtain new targeting ligands with micellar nanoparticles for tumor targeting of water-insoluble neoplastic agents. With paclitaxel as a drug, this self-assembled nanopreparation composed of MCF-7–specific phage protein and polyethylene glycol–phosphatidylethanolamine (PEG-PE) micelles showed selective toxicity to target cancer cells rather than nontarget, non cancer cells in vitro. In vivo, the targeted phage micelles triggered a dramatic tumor reduction and extensive necrosis as a result of improved tumor delivery of paclitaxel. The enhanced anticancer effect was also verified by an enhanced apoptosis and reduced tumor cell proliferation following the treatment with the targeted micellar paclitaxel both in vitro and in vivo. The absence of hepatotoxicity and pathologic changes in tissue sections of vital organs, together with maintenance of overall health of mice following the treatment, further support its translational potential as an effective and safe chemotherapy for improved breast cancer treatment. Mol Cancer Ther; 13(12); 2864–75. ©2014 AACR.
Efficacy of RG7787, a Next-Generation Mesothelin-Targeted Immunotoxin, against Triple-Negative Breast and Gastric Cancers
Authors: Alewine Christine , Xiang Laiman , Yamori Takao , Niederfellner Gerhard , Bosslet Klaus , Pastan Ira 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The RG7787 mesothelin-targeted recombinant immunotoxin (RIT) consists of an antibody fragment targeting mesothelin (MSLN) fused to a 24-kD fragment of Pseudomonas exotoxin A for cell killing. Compared with prior RITs, RG7787 has improved properties for clinical development including decreased nonspecific toxicity and immunogenicity and resistance to degradation by lysosomal proteases. MSLN is a cell surface glycoprotein highly expressed by many solid tumor malignancies. New reports have demonstrated that MSLN is expressed by a significant percentage of triple-negative breast and gastric cancer clinical specimens. Here, panels of triple-negative breast and gastric cancer cell lines were tested for surface MSLN expression, and for sensitivity to RG7787 in vitro and in animal models. RG7787 produced &gt;95% cell killing of the HCC70 and SUM149 breast cancer cell lines in vitro with IC50 &lt; 100 pmol/L. RG7787 was also effective against gastric cancer cell lines MKN28, MKN45, and MKN74 in vitro, with subnanomolar IC50s. In a nude mouse model, RG7787 treatment (2.5 mg/kg i.v. qod ×3–4) resulted in a statistically significant 41% decrease in volumes of HCC70 xenograft tumors (P &lt; 0.0001) and an 18% decrease in MKN28 tumors (P &lt; 0.0001). Pretreatment with paclitaxel (50 mg/kg i.p.) enhanced efficacy, producing 88% and 70% reduction in tumor volumes for HCC70 and MKN28, respectively, a statistically significant improvement over paclitaxel alone (P &lt; 0.0001 for both). RG7787 merits clinical testing for triple-negative breast and gastric cancers. Mol Cancer Ther; 13(11); 2653–61. ©2014 AACR.
Single Intracoronary Injection of Encapsulated Antagomir‐92a Promotes Angiogenesis and Prevents Adverse Infarct Remodeling
Authors: Bellera Neus , Barba Ignasi , Rodriguez‐Sinovas Antonio , Ferret Eulalia , Asín Miguel Angel , Gonzalez‐Alujas MªTeresa , Pérez‐Rodon Jordi , Esteves Marielle , Fonseca Carla , Toran Nuria , Garcia del Blanco Bruno , Pérez Amadeo , Garcia‐Dorado David 
Published: September 2014

Background

Small and large preclinical animal models have shown that antagomir‐92a‐based therapy reduces early postischemic loss of function, but its effect on postinfarction remodeling is not known. In addition, the reported remote miR‐92a inhibition in noncardiac organs prevents the translation of nonvectorized miR‐targeted therapy to the clinical setting. We investigated whether a single intracoronary administration of antagomir‐92a encapsulated in microspheres could prevent deleterious remodeling of myocardium 1 month after acute myocardial infarction
AUTHOR
: Should “acute” be added before “myocardial infarction” (since abbreviation is
AMI
)? Also check at first mention in main text (
AMI
) without adverse effects.

Methods and Results

In a percutaneous pig model of reperfused
AMI
, a single intracoronary administration of antagomir‐92a encapsulated in specific microspheres (9 μm poly‐
d
,‐lactide‐co‐glycolide [
PLGA
]) inhibited miR‐92a in a local, selective, and sustained manner (n=3 pigs euthanized 1, 3, and 10 days after treatment; 8×, 2×, and 5×‐fold inhibition at 1, 3, and 10 days). Downregulation of miR‐92a resulted in significant vessel growth (n=27 adult minipigs randomly allocated to blind receive encapsulated antagomir‐92a, encapsulated placebo, or saline [n=8, 9, 9];
P
=0.001), reduced regional wall‐motion dysfunction (
P
=0.03), and prevented adverse remodeling in the infarct area 1 month after injury (
P
=0.03). Intracoronary injection of microspheres had no significant adverse effect in downstream myocardium in healthy pigs (n=2), and fluorescein isothiocyanate albumin‐
PLGA
microspheres were not found in myocardium outside the left anterior descending coronary artery territory (n=4) or in other organs (n=2).

Conclusions

Early single intracoronary administration of encapsulated antagomir‐92a in an adult pig model of reperfused
AMI
prevents left ventricular remodeling with no local or distant adverse effects, emerging as a promising therapeutic approach to translate to patients who suffer a large
AMI
.
Transformation of the CSU–CHILL Radar Facility to a Dual-Frequency, Dual-Polarization Doppler System
Authors: Junyent Francesc , Chandrasekar V. , Bringi V. N. , Rutledge S. A. , Kennedy P. C. , Brunkow D. , George J. , Bowie R. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
This paper describes the transformation of the Colorado State University–University of Chicago–Illinois State Water Survey (CSU–CHILL) National Radar Facility from a single-frequency (S band) dual-polarization Doppler weather radar system to a dual-frequency (S and X bands) dual-polarization Doppler system with coaxial beams. A brief history regarding the development of dual-wavelength radars is first presented. In the past, dual-wavelength measurements were used to detect hail using the dual-wavelength ratio defined as the ratio of intrinsic (or attenuation corrected) X-band reflectivity to the S-band reflectivity. Departures of this ratio from unity were taken to indicate the presence of hail, produced by Mie scattering at the shorter wavelength by hail. Most dual-wavelength radars were developed with attempts to match beams for S and X bands, which implies that the sample volumes for the two frequencies were essentially the same. The X-band channel of the CSU–CHILL radar takes a different approach, that of making use of the already existing dual-offset-fed antenna designed to give a 1° beamwidth at S band, resulting in an X-band beamwidth of approximately 0.3°, with very high gain. Thus, the X band provides about a factor of 3 more resolution than the S-band component while maintaining the same sensitivity as the S-band component. Examples of cold season and warm season data from the X-band and S-band radar components are presented, demonstrating the successful transformation of the CSU–CHILL radar into a unique multifrequency, multipolarization system. The new CSU–CHILL dual-wavelength, dual-polarization weather radar will serve as an important asset for the scientific community.
Predictability of the Barents Sea Ice in Early Winter: Remote Effects of Oceanic and Atmospheric Thermal Conditions from the North Atlantic
Authors: Nakanowatari Takuya , Sato Kazutoshi , Inoue Jun 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Predictability of sea ice concentrations (SICs) in the Barents Sea in early winter (November–December) is studied using canonical correlation analysis with atmospheric and ocean anomalies from the NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) data. It is found that the highest prediction skill for a single-predictor model is obtained from the 13-month lead subsurface temperature at 200-m depth (T200) and the in-phase meridional surface wind (Vsfc). T200 skillfully predicts SIC variability in 35% of the Barents Sea, mainly in the eastern side. The T200 for negative sea ice anomalies exhibits warm anomalies in the subsurface ocean temperature downstream of the Norwegian Atlantic Slope Current (NwASC) on a decadal time scale. The diagnostic analysis of NCEP CFSR data suggests that the subsurface temperature anomaly stored below the thermocline during summer reemerges in late autumn by atmospheric cooling and affects the sea ice. The subsurface temperature anomaly of the NwASC is advected from the North Atlantic subpolar gyre over ~3 years. Also, Vsfc skillfully predicts SIC variability in 32% of the Barents Sea, mainly in the western side. The Vsfc for the negative sea ice anomalies exhibits southerly wind anomalies; Vsfc is related to the large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns from the subtropical North Atlantic to the Eurasian continent. This study suggests that both atmospheric and oceanic remote effects have a potential impact on the forecasting accuracy of SIC.
Development of an Efficient Regional Four-Dimensional Variational Data Assimilation System for WRF
Authors: Zhang Xin , Huang Xiang-Yu , Liu Jianyu , Poterjoy Jonathan , Weng Yonghui , Zhang Fuqing , Wang Hongli 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis paper presents the development of a single executable four-dimensional variational data assimilation (4D-Var) system based on the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model through coupling the variational data assimilation algorithm (WRF-VAR) with the newly developed WRF tangent linear and adjoint model (WRFPLUS). Compared to the predecessor Multiple Program Multiple Data version, the new WRF 4D-Var system achieves major improvements in that all processing cores are able to participate in the computation and all information exchanges between WRF-VAR and WRFPLUS are moved directly from disk to memory. The single executable 4D-Var system demonstrates desirable acceleration and scalability in terms of the computational performance, as demonstrated through a series of benchmarking data assimilation experiments carried out over a continental U.S. domain. To take into account the nonlinear processes with the linearized minimization algorithm and to further decrease the computational cost of the 4D-Var minimization, a multi-incremental minimization that uses multiple horizontal resolutions for the inner loop has been developed. The method calculates the innovations with a high-resolution grid and minimizes the cost function with a lower-resolution grid. The details regarding the transition between the high-resolution outer loop and the low-resolution inner loop are introduced. Performance of the multi-incremental configuration is found to be comparable to that with the full-resolution 4D-Var in terms of 24-h forecast accuracy in the week-long analysis and forecast experiment over the continental U.S. domain. Moreover, the capability of the newly developed multi-incremental 4D-Var system is further demonstrated in the convection-permitting analysis and forecast experiment for Hurricane Sandy (2012), which was hardly computationally feasible with the predecessor WRF 4D-Var system.
Development of an incarceration-specific overdose prevention video: Staying Alive on the Outside
Authors: Green Traci C , Bowman Sarah E , Ray Madeline , McKenzie Michelle , Lord Sarah E , Rich Josiah D 
Published: September 2014

Objectives: The first 2 weeks following release from prison are associated with extraordinary risk of fatal drug overdose. However, bystanders can reverse opioid overdoses using rescue breathing and naloxone, an overdose antidote. We reviewed overdose prevention and naloxone administration training videos for incarceration-specific and behaviour change theory–specific content and then developed a video that addressed these gaps. Design: Systematic review of educational videos and community-based participatory video development process. Setting: Community-based organisations, correctional health programmes. Method: Video development proceeded as a community-informed, iterative process of creating and testing the acceptability of a new DVD among end-user populations, community and correctional staff. Data collection and video development advisory process included three focus groups with opioid users and formerly incarcerated individuals, two consultations with national expert groups and overdose prevention programme staff and ongoing informal presentations to correctional staff and leadership. Results: Of nine eligible and reviewed videos, three contained theory-based learning components, and only one also contained peer-based content; none directly addressed post-incarceration overdose prevention. The created 19-minute film, Staying Alive on the Outside, uses interviews, conversation and model training sessions by peers, who candidly discuss the challenges of re-entry from prison, opioid addiction and relapse and misconceptions about opioid tolerance and overdose. Viewers learn strategies to avoid overdose while using opioids and what to do in an overdose. Peer ‘learners’ and peer ‘trainers’ model the dissemination of education and naloxone administration. Conclusion: The DVD is currently used in several prisons and jails; a multi-site evaluation of programme effectiveness is discussed.
Interpreting Argentine Business Unionism
Authors: Haidar Julieta 
Published: September 2014

Institutionalist and corporatist interpretations of the business unionism strategy adopted by some unions in Argentina when faced with the 1990s market reforms are inadequate in that they consider unions as interest groups, play down the context of capitalist restructuring, and fail to account for the novelty of the strategy. These limitations can be overcome by reviving some ideas from Marxist analysis, such as the classist nature of unions and their participation in the historical dynamic of a capitalist social formation. Interpretaciones institucionalistas y corporativistas de la estrategia del sindicalismo empresarial adoptada por algunos sindicatos en Argentina cuando se enfrentaron a las reformas del mercado en los años 1990 son inadecuadas en que consideran a los sindicatos como grupos de interés, minimizan el contexto de la reestructuración capitalista, y no logran dar cuenta de la novedad de la estrategia. Estas limitaciones pueden ser superadas mediante la reactivación de algunas ideas de análisis marxista, tales como el carácter clasista de los sindicatos y su participación en la dinámica histórica de una formación social capitalista.