bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Responsive Are EU Coal-Burning Plants to Changes in Energy Prices?
Authors: Meyer Andrew , Pac Grzegorz 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The European Union (EU) Emissions Trading System (ETS) has implicitly made it more expensive to burn coal relative to natural gas because coal has a higher carbon content. Therefore, it is important to understand how much plants reduce their coal usage in response to higher coal prices to assess the effectiveness of the ETS in reducing carbon emissions. We analyze a novel panel of coal-burning large combustion plants from a subsample of eight EU countries and found that, holding constant the natural gas price, a 1% increase in the coal price results in a 0.36% decrease in coal consumption. At current ETS prices, this implies that the average large combustion plant in our sample EU countries is burning 7% less coal than it would be absent in the ETS. This suggests that the ETS has significantly reduced carbon emissions from coal-fired plants for the eight countries represented in our sample.
Prosodic phrasing of relative clauses with two possible antecedents in Spanish: A comparison of Spanish native speakers and L1 Basque bilingual speakers
Authors: de la Cruz-Pavía Irene , Elordieta Gorka 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe present production study investigates the prosodic phrasing characteristic of sentences containing a relative clause with two possible noun phrase antecedents [Noun Phrase 1 Noun Phrase 2 Relative Clause] in the variety of Spanish spoken in the Basque Country. It aims to establish the default prosodic phrasing of these structures, as well as whether differences are found in phrasing between native and non-native speakers. Additionally, it examines the effect on prosodic phrasing of constituent length and familiarity with the sentences (skimming the sentences prior to reading them aloud). To do that, the productions of 8 Spanish monolinguals, 8 first language (L1) Spanish/second language (L2) Basque bilinguals, and 8 L1Basque/L2Spanish bilinguals are examined. A default phrasing consisting of the prevalence of a prosodic break after NP2 ([NP1 NP2/RC]) is obtained, and differences are found between the prosodic contours of native and non-native speakers. Additionally, a constituent length effect is found, with a higher frequency of prosodic boundaries after NP2 as RC length increases, as predicted by Fodor’s Same Size Sister Constraint. Last, familiarity with the sentences was found to increase the frequency of occurrence of the default phrasing.
What Kind Of Systemic Risks Do We Face In The European Banking Sector? The Approach Of CoVaR Measure
Authors: Karkowska Renata 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
We measure a systemic risk faced by European banking sectors using the CoVaR measure. We propose the conditional value-at-risk for measuring a spillover risk which demonstrates the bilateral relation between the tail risks of two financial institutions. The aim of the study is to estimate the contribution systemic risk of the bank i in the analyzed banking sector of a country in conditions of its insolvency. The study included commercial banks from 8 emerging markets from Europe, which gave a total of 40 banks, traded on the public market, which provided a market valuation of the bank’s capital. The conclusions are that the CoVaR seems to be a better measure for systemic risk in the banking sector than the VaR, which is more individual. And banks in developing countries in Europe do not provide significant risk for the banking sector as a whole. But it must be taken into account that some individuals that may find objectionable. Our results hence tend to a practical use of the CoVaR for supervisory purposes.
Energy Demands Of The Existing Collective Buildings With Bearing Structure Of Large Precast Concrete Panels From Timisoara
Authors: Pescari S. , Stoian V. , Tudor D. , Măduţa Carmen 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
One of the targets of EU Directives on the energy performance of buildings is to reduce the energy consumption of the existing buildings by finding efficient solutions for thermal rehabilitation. In order to find the adequate solutions, the first step is to establish the current state of the buildings and to determine their actual energy consumption. The current paper aims to present the energy demands of the existing buildings with bearing structure of large precast concrete panels in the city of Timisoara. Timisoara is one of the most important cities in the west side of Romania, being on the third place in terms of size and economic development. The Census of Population and Housing of 2011 states that Timisoara has about 127841 private dwellings and 60 percent of them are collective buildings. Energy demand values of the existing buildings with bearing structure of large precast concrete panels in Timisoara, in their current condition, are higher than the accepted values provided in the Romanian normative, C107. The difference between these two values can reach up to 300 percent.
The Circumstances of Intergenerational Justice
Authors: Brandstedt Eric 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSome key political challenges today, e.g. climate change, are future oriented. The intergenerational setting differs in some notable ways from the intragenerational one, creating obstacles to theorizing about intergenerational justice. One concern is that as the circumstances of justice do not pertain intergenerationally, intergenerational justice is not meaningful. In this paper, I scrutinize this worry by analysing the presentations of the doctrine of the circumstances of justice by David Hume and John Rawls. I argue that we should accept the upshot of their idea, that justice is context sensitive, even if this at first sight seems to invalidate intergenerational justice. On the basis of moral constructivism, I subsequently provide a fresh reading of the doctrine according to which it conveys the idea that justice is the solution to a practical problem. However, as the problem background is evolving, we need to properly characterize the relevant practical problem in order to make ethical theorizing relevant. Contrary to what has been claimed, the circumstances of justice do not then clash with intergenerational justice, but are the necessary presuppositions for its advancement.
Increasing the Quality of Agricultural Machinery Testing – A Comparison Between Italian and Polish Experience
Authors: Klembalska Agnieszka , Fancello Giulio 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Safety of agricultural machinery is a key aspect in carrying out agrotechnical treatments. Appropriate testing of machines and equipment guarantees better protection of life or health. Applicable conformity assessment procedures do not require (except for particularly dangerous machines) participation of the third party - a professional, specialized, accredited, notified testing laboratory what raises a common fear of the dangers arising from ignorance of manufacturers.
Integration of Triz Into Quality Function Deployment
Authors: Tursch Philipp , Goldmann Christine , Woll Ralf 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Purpose: The objective of successful companies is the integration of customer requirements in the development process of a new product. Therefore, the Quality Function Deployment method has proven useful several times. The customer requirements often contain contradictions, which are mostly solved by compromises. The aim should be to integrate all customers’ demands and wishes into future products.
Methodology: The theory of inventive problem solving can be applied to eliminate compromises in the product development. The method’s different tools enable a goal-oriented and systematic conflict resolution and may help to uncover trends. This paper displays an approach where individual tools of TRIZ are integrated into the Quality Function Deployment.
Results: The result of this work is the presentation of the resulting benefits from combining the two methods. For this reason, individual tools of TRIZ are used in different points of the QFD process. The paper shows examples of starting points.
Value of paper: In the context of this paper, the benefits from the interaction of QFD and TRIZ are presented. These are particularly evident in the initial phase of project implementation. In this phase the goal of the QFD process is to succeed in translating the voice of the customer for the company and then integrating it into the product development.
Organizational Ambidexterity, Exploration, Exploitation and Firms Innovation Performance
Authors: Popadić Mladenka , Černe Matej , Milohnić Ines 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Background and Purpose: The construct of organizational ambidexterity (OA) has attracted the growing attention in management research. Previous empirical research has investigated the effect of organisational ambidexterity on performance from various perspectives. This study aims to resolve the contradictory previous research findings on the relationship between organisational ambidexterity and innovation performance. We unpack this construct with combined dimension of ambidexterity, which relates to a combination of high levels of both exploration and exploitation (introduction of products or services that were new to the market and new to the firm).
Methodology: We frame our ambidexterity hypothesis in terms of firm’s innovation orientation. The hypothesis is tested by using Community Innovation Survey (CIS) 2006 micro data at the organizational level in twelve countries. To operationalize an ambidexterity and firms innovation outcome, we used self-reported measures of innovativeness.
Results: To test our hypothesis, we developed a set of models and tested them with multiple hierarchical linear regression analyses. The results indicate that exploration and exploitation are positively related to firm’s innovation performances which supports our assumption that both are complementary. Furthermore, we find that above and over their independent effects, through combining them into a single construct of organizational ambidexterity, this variable remains negatively and significantly related to innovation performance.
Conclusion: These results provides the managers with an idea of when managing trade-offs between exploration and exploitation would be more favorable versus detrimental. For firms with lower organizational ambidexterity, the relationship between exploration-exploitation and the firm’s innovation performance is a more positive one.
Analysis of Online Marketing Management in Czech Republic
Authors: Smutny Zdenek 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Background and Purpose: Doing business over the Internet has become increasingly competitive for many companies. The aim of this study is to analyse the current state of utilizing online tools, approaches of Czech companies to the management of online marketing activities and to identify weaknesses and opportunities of these activities.
Methodology/Approach: The paper presents empirical research that uses two different approaches in investigation: (1) descriptive quantitative research of current state, based on examination of websites of a sample of 4,584 Czech companies and (2) questionnaire survey among 161 Czech companies which do business via the Internet.
Results: There is a large gap that currently exist between the use of social media and its connection to marketing activities. The competitive level of the use of social media in the Czech Republic is still low compared to the USA companies. The online marketing management (OMM) of the majority of companies rely on individual assessment and do not use any metrics or management methodologies. One of the main problems of OMM is the ever increasing number of tools used in marketing activities as well as low possibility of a broader perspective on the success of cross channel marketing activities.
Conclusion: In the future, it is expected that a large number of Czech companies will increasingly use online tools as social media for their marketing activities. In the context of this development they cannot rely only on individual assessment to manage these activities as they do currently, but they will have to use comprehensive tools or methodologies. Based on this, we can conclude that Czech companies still have enough opportunities for a better use of online tools for marketing purposes.
Activity of phthalocyanine-sensitized TiO2-anatase in photooxidation of sulfite ions
Authors: Galbas Maria , Banaszczyk Agnieszka , Dyrda Gabriela , Szczegot Kszysztof , Słota Rudolf 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Hybrid catalysts based on the TiO2 matrix impregnated with Nd, Eu and Yb diphthalocyanines proved effective in oxidation of sulfite ions under irradiation with light from the UV-visible range. Micro- and nano-crystalline anatase powders were used in preparation of the photocatalysts, which were applied in the form of a suspension in the water phase. The reaction yield was found to depend on the phthalocyanine sensitizer used and the conditions of TiO2 impregnation. The best results were obtained when micro-anatase impregnated with Yb-diphthalocyanine was used.
Enhanced carbon dioxide separation by polyethersulfone (PES) mixed matrix membranes deposited with clay
Authors: Ismail N.M. , Ismail A.F. , Mustafa A. , Zulhairun A.K. , Nordin N.A.H.M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAsymmetric mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) incorporating Cloisite15A (C15A) clay particles were prepared using solvent evaporation and phase inversion with polyethersulfone (PES) as the membrane matrix. C15A loadings varied at 1 wt% and 5 wt%. Membrane morphological and thermal properties were evaluated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Addition of the C15A favorably altered the microscopic structure of membranes from finger-like to homogeneous sponge-like structure as the loading increased. While the amorphous nature of MMMs was retained, the thermal stability was also found to be improved with a slight decrease in glass transition temperature (Tg). PES/C15A1 MMM showed the best gas transport properties, with 37% and 65% improvement in CO2permeance and CO2/CH4selectivity, respectively. Unlike 1 wt%, the loss in selectivity shown by 5 wt% clay loadings suggested that the interphase voids and extent of silicate layers dispersion play a significant role in the overall performance of MMMs.
Confocal X-ray technology based on capillary X-ray optics
Authors: Sun Tianxi , Ding Xunliang 
Published: June 2015

AbstractCapillary X-ray optics is versatile, and it can be used with synchrotron radiation source, conventional X-ray source, laser-plasma ultrafast X-ray source, and so forth. Recently, the confocal X-ray technology based on capillary X-ray optics has become popular, and it has been widely used in X-ray fluorescence, X-ray absorption fine structure, X-ray diffraction, small-angle X-ray scattering, X-ray imaging, and X-ray scattering. This confocal X-ray technology has applications in many fields, including environmental monitoring, food science, life science, chemistry, physics, nanomaterials, nondestructive test, security check, and so on.
The importance of the negative blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) response in the somatosensory cortex
Authors: Klingner Carsten M. , Brodoehl Stefan , Witte Otto W. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn recent years, multiple studies have shown task-induced negative blood-oxygenation-level-dependent responses (NBRs) in multiple brain regions in humans and animals. Converging evidence suggests that task-induced NBRs can be interpreted in terms of decreased neuronal activity. However, the vascular and metabolic dynamics and functional importance of the NBR are highly debated. Here, we review studies investigating the origin and functional importance of the NBR, with special attention to the somatosensory cortex.
Regulatory Environment and Firm Performance in EU Telecommunications Services
Authors: Montolio Daniel , Trillas Francesc , Trujillo-Baute Elisa 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe empirically estimate the effects of regulated access prices and firms’ multinational status on firm performance by using firm, corporate group, and country level information for the European broadband market between 2002 and 2010. Three measures of firm performance are used, namely: market share, revenue and productivity. Special attention is paid to differences in the impact on the performance measures depending on a firm’s position as either a market incumbent or entrant. We find that while access prices have a negative effect on entrants’ market share and revenue, the effect on incumbents’ market share, revenue and productivity is positive. Further, we find that multinational entrants perform better than national entrants in terms of their market share but worse in terms of their revenue and productivity. The opposite is true of incumbent multinationals which perform better than nationals in terms of their revenue and productivity but worse in terms of their market share. This confirms that a firm’s multinational status has a significant impact on its performance, and that this impact differs for incumbents and entrants. Finally, when evaluating the impact of access prices on firm performance at the mean performance of national and multinational firms, we find that the impact of access prices is lower for multinational than for national firms.
The State as “a Consequence of the Curse of Humanity”: The Late Schelling’s Philosophy of Religion and of the State
Authors: Danz Christian 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis paper analyzes the hitherto neglected political philosophy (Staatsphilosophie) contained in Schelling’s Berlin lectures on the philosophy of mythology and of revelation in the context of the complex and politically charged debates of the German Vormärz period. It will be shown that, in his political philosophy, the Berlin Schelling rejects social contract models of the state and follows conservative theorists who conceive of the state as a collective order that supersedes the individual, while at the same time preserving the freedom of the individual and rejecting religious legitimizations of the state. Schelling’s theory of the state is characterized by its distinctive internal tensions and by its multidimensionality. This complexity of his theory of the state helps to account for the diverse range of receptions and assessments of his political philosophy, both among his contemporaries and by subsequent commentators
Kinetic Analysis of Hot Bromine Atom Reactions in Liquids
Authors: Milman Miriam 
Published: June 2015

Summary
The yield of organically bound radio-bromine was determined in a wide range of mixtures of benzene, hexane, cyclohexane, tetradecane and bromoform with molecular bromine. The data was analysed by applying the kinetic theory of hot reactions to these liquid systems. After a number of drastic assumptions it was found possible to express the data in terms of two parameters: a) the reactivity integral (/) and b) the collisional energy loss (α).
The validity of the independently obtained parameters (α and I)was checked by the determination - both experimentally and theoretically - of the organic yield of hot reactions in mixtures of bromoform and benzene. The values found for the α’s indicate that moderating collisions with hydrocarbon involve the whole molecule, whereas with halocarbons the collisions have more of an atom-atom character.
Analyse spectrométrique de mélanges 95Zr – 95Nb par scintillation béta et gamma
Authors: Guillon A. 
Published: June 2015

Résumé
On propose une méthode de routine pour doser successivement la somme des activités 95Zr-95Nb par spectrométrie gamma, puis l’activité du 95Zr par spectrométrie béta sur scintillateur plastique. Les activités sont déterminées par comparaison á un mélange étalon dont on connaît l’évolution des deux activités.
Cette méthode nous dispense de l’emploi de sources étalons des radioéléments purs.
On a mesuré la valeur des interférences dues au 95Nb et 95mNb au cours du dosage du 95Zr. La précision et les seuils de détection d’un des éléments dans l’autre sont indiqués.
La durée totale de l’opération pour un essai en double est inférieure à, 4 heures.
Instrumentelle aktivierungsanalytische Bestimmung des Uran-238 über das Neptunium-239
Authors: Bobleter O. 
Published: June 2015

Zusammenfassung
Beim instrumentellen aktivierungsanalytischen Nachweis von Uran wird die Aktivität des gebildeten Neptuniums-239 bestimmt. Es konnte von uns zum ersten Mal im Jahre 1957 gezeigt werden, daß nach einer verhältnismäßig kurzen Abklingzeit die 0,106 MeV-Gammalinie des Neptuniums-239, ohne Störung durch die entstandenen Spaltprodukte, gemessen werden kann.
Die Empfindlichkeit der Methode wurde durch Verlängerung der Bestrahlungszeit und Meßdauer wesentlich erhöht. Bei einem Neutronenfluß von 0,7 · 1012
n/cm2 sec wurden in einer Lösung noch 0,004 /μg Uran quantitativ bestimmt.
Der Einfluß von Mineralbestandteilen auf die Analysenmethode wurde für den Fall der Pechblenden untersucht. Von den zahlreichen Elementen, die in pechblendehaltigen Mineralen vorhanden sind (Ca, Fe, Si, Al, Ni, Co, Ag, Bi, Au, Cu, Zn, Sb und Mo), stört in den zu erwartenden Konzentrationen nur das Gold auf Grund seiner hohen Aktivität und seiner dem Neptunium-239 vergleichbaren Halbwertszeit. An Hand einer südamerikanischen Pechblende konnte gezeigt werden, daß sich bei geringen Konzentrationen von Gold oder bei seiner Abwesenheit diese Uranbestimmung gut durchführen läßt.
Die Selbstabsorption der weichen 0,106 MeV-Gammastrahlung des Neptuniums-239 ist in durchschnittlichen Mineralproben bis 200 mg/cm2 vernachlässigbar.
Notiz zum Zerfall des 77As
Authors: Münzel H. , Schneider TH. , PFENNIG G. 
Published: June 2015

Zusammenfassung
Die beim 77As-Zerfall auftretenden γ-Übergänge wurden gemessen. Als koinzident erwiesen sich die Übergänge 240 keV und 275 keV. Im Energiebereich. 240/250 keV muß ein Doppelniveau angenommen werden.
Chemical Effects of the 35Cl (n, ρ) 35S Reaction
Authors: Yoshihara Kenji , Huang Ting-Chia , Ebihara Hiroshi , Shibata Nagao 
Published: June 2015

Summary
Chemical effects of the 35Cl (n, p)
35S reactions in various alkali chlorides, in hydrazine hydrochloride and in hydroxylamine hydrochloride were investigated. "Protection effects" of carriers, reducing groups and solvents were found to be very important in determinating the chemical fate of radiosulfur. Low valency sulfur species survived even "carrier-free dissolution" of the neutron irradiated hydrazine hydrochloride. The oxidation mechanism of radiosulfur according to KOSKI'S explanation does not fit the present experimental results. The possibility that certain molecules may occur should be considered in the neighborhood of the recoil atom which easily oxidize sulfur. The assumption is discussed that chlorine atoms act as strong "oxidants" at the moment of dissolution.
The Chemical State of Iodine in Tellurium Compounds after Neutron Irradiation
Authors: Kronrád L. 
Published: June 2015

Summary
The activity distribution of 131J between the iodide-elementary fraction and the iodate-periodate fraction in irradiated tellurium compounds as a function of irradiation lenght was investigated. The change in activity distribution of m J in thermal annealed tellurium dioxide was observed.
Isolation and Identification of 12.4-Minute 133Teg
Authors: Prussin Stanley G. 
Published: June 2015

Summary
A radiochemical extraction procedure for the separation of tellurium isomers has been used to isolate an activity of 12.45 ± 0.28 minute half-life growing into samples of fission product tellurium. This activity is assigned to the ground state of 133Te as it is shown to arise in the decay of 54-min component present in the fission-product tellurium and to decay to form the 21-h 133I. The gamma-ray spectrum of 133Teg shows prominent photopeaks at 0.307 ± 0.01, 0.406 ± 0.01,1.335 ± 0.01,1.709 ± 0.02, and ≈ 1.85 MeV.