bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New vistas of information literacy education: a case from South Eastern University
Authors: Mashroofa M M 
Published: June 2015

Teaching information literacy and developing critical thinking skills to undergraduate students can be more successful if these concepts are demonstrated properly. Teaching information literacy skills will help undergraduates develop essential competencies for life long learning. A case study of how information literacy is taught to fresher and the special degree students of South Eastern University of Sri Lanka is discussed in this paper. Also, designing aspects of a web tutorial has been presented. The objective of this study was to provide an overview of an innovative information literacy programme at South Eastern University of Sri Lanka. Fifty six special degree students of Social Science disciplines participated in the workshop. Course modules were discipline based. Feedback responses were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. It was found that participants have achieved some skills on searching, finding, evaluating and presenting information. More than 87% students stated that this workshop would be very much useful. It was recommended that preparing a proper design or syllabi to the Sri Lankan context is very important to teach Information Literacy.Key words: information literacy education, higher education in Sri Lanka, course content, web tutorials.Journal of the University Librarians Association of Sri Lanka, Vol.13 (Special Issue). 2009 23-36
Adaptive Immune-like γ/δ T Lymphocytes Share Many Common Features with Their α/β T Cell Counterparts
Authors: Lombes Amélie , Durand Aurélie , Charvet Céline , Rivière Matthieu , Bonilla Nelly , Auffray Cédric , Lucas Bruno , Martin Bruno 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
To better apprehend γ/δ T cell biological functions in the periphery, it appears crucial to identify markers highlighting the existence of distinct phenotypic and functional γ/δ T cell subsets. Interestingly, the expression of CD44 and Ly-6C subdivides murine peripheral γ/δ T cells into several subsets, with Ly-6C− CD44hi γ/δ T cells corresponding to the IL-17–producing CD27− γ/δ T cell subset exhibiting innate-like features. By comparing the other subsets to naive and memory CD8+ α/β T cells, in this study, we show that Ly-6C− or + CD44lo and Ly-6C+CD44hi γ/δ T cells greatly resemble, and behave like, their CD8+ α/β T cell counterparts. First, like memory CD8+ α/β T cells, Ly-6C+CD44hi γ/δ T cells are sparse in the thymus but largely increased in proportion in tissues. Second, similarly to naive CD8 α/β T cells, CD44lo γ/δ T cells are poorly cycling in vivo in the steady state, and their proportion declines with age in secondary lymphoid organs. Third, CD44lo γ/δ T cells undergo spontaneous proliferation and convert to a memory-like Ly-6C+CD44hi phenotype in response to lymphopenia. Finally, CD44lo γ/δ T cells have an intrinsic high plasticity as, upon appropriate stimulation, they are capable of differentiating nonetheless into Th17-like and Th1-like cells but also into fully functional Foxp3+ induced regulatory T cell–like γ/δ T cells. Thus, peripheral CD27+ γ/δ T cells, commonly considered as a functionally related T cell compartment, actually share many common features with adaptive α/β T cells, as both lineages include naive-like and memory-like lymphocytes with distinct phenotypic, functional, and homeostatic characteristics.
Using a Critical Appraisal Assignment to Infuse Evidence-Based Practice into a Therapeutic Modality Course
Authors: Zwart Mary Beth , Olson Bernadette 
Published: June 2015

Context
It is the responsibility of athletic training educators, through curriculum and clinical experiences, to engage students towards adopting evidence-based practice (EBP) into their practice. The initial task of implementing EBP into a curriculum or course can seem like a large task for educators and students. As a way to start scaffolding EBP concepts across the curriculum, a modified critical appraisal assignment was developed to teach therapeutic modality concepts.

Objective
The purpose of this action research project was to demonstrate how a modified critical appraisal assignment can be used to introduce the process and aspects of critical appraisal and begin scaffolding the development of critical appraisal skills over time. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the students' ability to (1) successfully locate relevant research needed to answer clinical questions and (2) successfully appraise the literature according to basic EBP strategy. From a program perspective, the modified critical appraisal assignment was a starting point from which to include EBP principles into didactic coursework.

Design
Seventeen athletic training students completed 3 modified critical appraisal assignments pertaining to the use of therapeutic modalities. Each paper included 5 sections: (1) clinical question, (2) key clinical findings, (3) clinical applicability based on information from the appraisal and significance of results, (4) article comparison table, and (5) implications for clinical practice, patient education, and future research. The instructor evaluated the assignments blind.

Conclusions
Students were generally able to complete the critical appraisal assignment; however, students had difficulty locating research that answered the clinical question. Students struggled to relate the key clinical findings of the research articles and implications for clinical practice to the given clinical question. Findings from this study have informed faculty teaching, including introducing EBP skills earlier in the curriculum and inserting assignments that stress various aspects of the critical appraisal process.
Considerations for the Use of the Observation Experience to Aid in Early Socialization and Retention of Athletic Training Students
Authors: Mazerolle Stephanie M. , Dodge Thomas 
Published: June 2015

ContextRetention of quality students in athletic training programs (ATPs) is important. Many factors contribute to retention of students, including their motivation level, peer support, positive interactions with instructors, clinical integration, and mentorship.ObjectiveHighlight the use of the observation period for preparatory athletic training students as a means to promote retention.BackgroundMany ATPs require a period of observation as part of or as a precursor to application for admission. The experience gives students initial exposure to the profession while allowing the ATP to evaluate the student's potential for admission and success within the program and as a young professional. The roles of an athletic trainer are complex and challenging; therefore, ATPs need to ensure they are preparing their students for professional practice.SynthesisA review of the retention literature was conducted and specific applications suggested based upon the authors' professional experiences.ResultsEarly socialization into the profession is helpful for understanding an athletic trainer's role. Diversity during the observation period can facilitate a student's understanding, plausibly improving persistence.RecommendationsAthletic training programs are encouraged to provide the preparatory student with structured, required observations of athletic trainers. Specifically, students should be exposed to diverse clinical employment settings and the different domains of clinical practice for the athletic trainer. This exposure could plausibly facilitate retention.ConclusionsIt is important to identify strategies to help retain quality students in order to promote and advance the professional stature of athletic training. Focusing on clinical experiences, rather than quantity of hours, may benefit students who are evaluating their futures as athletic trainers.
Building Professional Competence by Design or Just Marking Time: Suggestions for Educational Reform in Athletic Therapy Education in Canada
Authors: Lafave Mark R. , Bergeron Glen 
Published: June 2015

Context and Background
Athletic therapy postsecondary education and certification requirements in Canada have reached considerable milestones throughout their history. The most important of these accomplishments was administration of the first Canadian Athletic Therapists' Association (CATA) certification examination in 1975. At that time, there were three basic exam eligibility requirements: (1) core curricular courses; (2) 1800 practical hours; and (3) a valid first aid certificate. The only significant change to these certification requirements occurred in 1976, when the 1800-hour internship requirement was reduced to 1200 hours. However, a documented rationale for this change could not be determined. The noteworthy milestone occurred when the CATA approved a policy stating that, as of September 1999, all future athletic therapy candidates would have to be enrolled in a Canadian accredited program at a postsecondary institution. Although this policy significantly advanced the CATA's postsecondary academic/curricular requirements, the 1200-hour internship requirement has remained unchanged for almost four decades.

Objective
The purpose of this commentary is to stimulate discussion about the linkage between the practical-hour requirements and teaching, evaluating, and achieving clinical competence.

Recommendations
Recommendations for change are based on lessons learned by other organizations for medical educators and allied health care professions, such as the National Athletic Trainers' Association. One suggestion for change is to hold students accountable for achieving a predetermined level of clinical competence before they move through or graduate from a program. In order to accomplish this goal, students must be assessed with valid and reliable evaluation tools.

Conclusion
Therefore, it is important to establish a group of stakeholders who can identify issues and articulate a plan to guide the future of postsecondary athletic therapy education in Canada.
Milk yield prediction at late lactation in reproductive rabbit does
Authors: Arnau-Bonachera Alberto , Cervera Concha , Blas Enrique , Pascual Juan José 
Published: June 2015

<p>Separating kits and mother to determine milk yield at 4<sup>th</sup> wk of lactation (MY4) could have negative consequences on the training and development of young rabbits. In this work, a total of 313 lactation curves (28 d long), taken from 2 different trials, were used to fit regression models to estimate MY4. In both trials, females were subjected to a semi-intensive reproductive rhythm [insemination at 11 d post-partum (dpp) and weaning at 28 dpp], but diets, genetic types, parity order and day of controls were slightly different. The models included variables which, according to the bibliography, are related to milk yield and are often recorded in joint management (without separation of litters rom mothers), such as litter size at weaning (LSW; both linear and quadratic), joint energy intake of doe plus litter at 4th wk of lactation (JEI; both linear and quadratic), perirenal fat thickness change (ΔPFTd) and milk yield at 3rd wk (MY3). The overlapping degree (OL) between current lactation and next pregnancy was included as a dummy variable, as well as their interactions with quantitative traits. To fit these models, 3 procedures were proposed to obtain accurate equations with biological meaning: Eq1, multiple linear regression (MLR) of data; Eq2, MLR with previous smoothing of sample distribution; and Eq3, MLR with previous smoothing and avoiding redundant samples and collinearities among variables. MY3 had a positive and relevant linear effect on MY4 for the 3 equations obtained (responsible for 39 to 50% of MY4 prediction). JEI had also a relevant role in MY4 prediction (28 to 61%), its positive effect being linear on Eq1, quadratic on Eq2 and both linear and quadratic on Eq3. ΔPFTd and LSW related traits were only included in Eq3, with a low relative weight, and OL inclusion did not improve prediction in any equation. Predicting MY4 was possible with the variables used, although certain precautions must be taken. Traditional MLR seems to predict central values properly, but extreme values poorly, whereas pre-treatment of data to smooth the dependent variable distribution appears to improve prediction of extreme values.</p>
Effect of human menopausal gonadotropin on testicular morphometry, gonadal and extragonadal sperm reserves of rabbit bucks
Authors: Ansa Anietie Archibong , Imasuen James A. 
Published: June 2015

<p>Testicular morphometry, gonadal and extragonadal sperm reserves of rabbit bucks treated with Human Menopausal Gonadotrophin (Menogon®) were studied. Twenty-four crossbred rabbit bucks weighing 1.3-1.6 kg at 15-17 wk were randomised into 4 treatment doses of 0 (control), 7.5, 15.0, and 22.5 I.U. in a completely randomised design with 6 bucks per group. A vial of Menogon® was reconstituted in 1 mL of physiological saline solution and administered intramuscularly at 72 h intervals for 56 d prior to commencement of sample collection. Parameters evaluated were ejaculate concentration, testicular morphometry, gonadal and extragonadal sperm concentrations. Results for ejaculate concentration (86, 110, 186, and 135×106/mm3) revealed a significantly (P&lt;0.05) higher difference in the 15.0 I.U. group. Gonadal and extragonadal sperm reserve indices were not significantly (P&gt;0.05) affected by the treatment. Testicular morphometry results showed that paired testis volume (cm3), testis circumference (cm), ductus deferens length (cm) and epididymal length (cm) were significantly (P&lt;0.05) different, with a progressive increase that corresponds to increased Menogon® administration. High and positive correlations (P&lt;0.01) were observed between testis weight and gonadal sperm reserves (r=0.99) and body weight and gonadal sperm reserves (r=0.99). Similarly, correlations between epididymal weight and epididymal sperm reserves (r=0.85), testis weight and ejaculate concentration (r=0.97), body weight and ejaculate concentration (r=0.96), body weight and testis weight (r=0.97), testis volume and ejaculate concentration (r=0.97), testis volume and gonadal sperm reserve (r=0.91), testis volume and testis weight (r=0.96), and testis volume and body weight (r=0.90) were positive and significant (P&lt;0.05). Taking all the reported results into consideration, controlling the amount of Menogon® administration at 15.0 I.U. for rabbit bucks could be a promising approach to regulating testosterone synthesis and secretion, thereby affording a potential method of enhancing fertility.</p>
Removal of arsenious acid from sulfuric acidic solution using ultrasound oxidation and goethite
Authors: Okawa Hirokazu , Yoshikawa Tomohiro , Hosokawa Ryota , Hangui Shinji , Kawamura Youhei , Sugawara Katsuyasu 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
We investigated the properties of synthetic goethite for the adsorption of As from strongly acidic solutions in ambient atmosphere under ultrasound irradiation. The goethite was successfully synthesized from iron-containing sulfuric acidic solution (1271 ppm) using an autoclave apparatus for 1 h at 0.12 MPa and 121 °C. The ratio of the iron eluted from the synthetic goethite to the acidic solution was only 0.58% at pH 2.1. Ultrasound irradiation (200 kHz, 200 W) was applied to oxidize 10 ppm of As(III) to As(V) at pH 2.2 for 60 min under various atmospheric conditions. Remarkably, the oxidation ratio of As(III) to As(V) is quite high (89.7%) at pH 2.2 in ambient atmosphere and is close to those obtained for Ar (95.3%) and O2 (95.9%) atmospheres. The As(III) removal ratio reached 94.5% after 60 min of irradiation. Therefore, goethite is a promising material for As adsorption using ultrasound oxidation in the acidic region in ambient atmosphere.
The distribution of precipitation and the spread in tropical upper tropospheric temperature trends in CMIP5/AMIP simulations
Authors: Fueglistaler S. , Radley C. , Held I. M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractReconciling observations and simulations of tropical upper tropospheric temperature trends remains an important problem in climate science. Examining atmospheric models running over observed sea surface temperatures (SSTs), Flannaghan et al. (2014) show that this reconciliation is affected by the SST data set used and that a precipitation‐weighted SST (PSST) is valuable in explaining this result. Here we show that even for Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5 AMIP) simulations forced with identical SSTs, tropical upper tropospheric temperature trends across models (and between ensemble members) show a substantial spread (standard deviation ∼10% of the average trend). About 60% of this spread between ensemble means, as well as deviations from the ensemble means, can be explained by PSST calculated from the time‐evolving precipitation in each model run. Both PSST and atmospheric temperature trends show statistical evidence for systematic differences between models. We conclude that the response of precipitation patterns to changes in SST patterns is a significant source of uncertainty for tropical temperature trends.
An FDTD model of scattering from meteor head plasma
Authors: Marshall R. A. , Close S. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe have developed a three‐dimensional finite difference time domain (FDTD) model of scattering of radar waves from meteor head plasma. The model treats the meteor head plasma as a cold, collisional, and magnetized plasma, and solves Maxwell's equations and the Langevin equation simultaneously and self‐consistently in and around the plasma. We use this model to investigate scattering of radar waves from a meteor head (the “head echo”) under a range of plasma densities, meteor scale sizes, and wave frequencies. In this way we relate the radar cross section (RCS) to these variable parameters. We find that computed RCS disagrees with previous analytical theory at certain meteor sizes and densities, in some cases by over an order of magnitude. We find that the calculated meteor head RCS is monotonically related to the “overdense area” of the meteor, defined as the cross‐section area of the part of the meteor where the plasma frequency exceeds the wave frequency. These results provides a physical measure of the meteor size and density that can be inferred from measured RCS values from ground‐based radars. Meteoroid mass can then be inferred from the meteor plasma distribution using established methods.
Multicriteria evaluation of discharge simulation in Dynamic Global Vegetation Models
Authors: Yang Hui , Piao Shilong , Zeng Zhenzhong , Ciais Philippe , Yin Yi , Friedlingstein Pierre , Sitch Stephen , Ahlström Anders , Guimberteau Matthieu , Huntingford Chris , Levis Sam , Levy Peter E. , Huang Mengtian , Li Yue , Li Xiran , Lomas Mark R , Peylin Philippe , Poulter Ben , Viovy Nicolas , Zaehle Soenke , Zeng Ning , Zhao Fang , Wang Lei 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn this study, we assessed the performance of discharge simulations by coupling the runoff from seven Dynamic Global Vegetation Models (DGVMs; LPJ, ORCHIDEE, Sheffield‐DGVM, TRIFFID, LPJ‐GUESS, CLM4CN, and OCN) to one river routing model for 16 large river basins. The results show that the seasonal cycle of river discharge is generally modeled well in the low and middle latitudes but not in the high latitudes, where the peak discharge (due to snow and ice melting) is underestimated. For the annual mean discharge, the DGVMs chained with the routing model show an underestimation. Furthermore, the 30 year trend of discharge is also underestimated. For the interannual variability of discharge, a skill score based on overlapping of probability density functions (PDFs) suggests that most models correctly reproduce the observed variability (correlation coefficient higher than 0.5; i.e., models account for 50% of observed interannual variability) except for the Lena, Yenisei, Yukon, and the Congo river basins. In addition, we compared the simulated runoff from different simulations where models were forced with either fixed or varying land use. This suggests that both seasonal and annual mean runoff has been little affected by land use change but that the trend itself of runoff is sensitive to land use change. None of the models when considered individually show significantly better performances than any other and in all basins. This suggests that based on current modeling capability, a regional‐weighted average of multimodel ensemble projections might be appropriate to reduce the bias in future projection of global river discharge.
PRYSM: An open‐source framework for PRoxY System Modeling, with applications to oxygen‐isotope systems
Authors: Dee S. , Emile‐Geay J. , Evans M. N. , Allam A. , Steig E. J. , Thompson D.M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPaleoclimate observations constitute the only constraint on climate behavior prior to the instrumental era. However, such observations only provide indirect (proxy) constraints on physical variables. Proxy system models aim to improve the interpretation of such observations and better quantify their inherent uncertainties. However, existing models are currently scattered in the literature, making their integration difficult. Here, we present a comprehensive modeling framework for proxy systems, named PRYSM. For this initial iteration, we focus on water‐isotope based climate proxies in ice cores, corals, tree ring cellulose, and speleothem calcite. We review modeling approaches for each proxy class, and pair them with an isotope‐enabled climate simulation to illustrate the new scientific insights that may be gained from this framework. Applications include parameter sensitivity analysis, the quantification of archive‐specific processes on the recorded climate signal, and the quantification of how chronological uncertainties affect signal detection, demonstrating the utility of PRYSM for a broad array of climate studies.
Direct identification of the linear block in Wiener system
Authors: Wachel Paweł , Mzyk Grzegorz 
Published: June 2015

SummaryIn the paper, the linear component of the Wiener system is identified under poor knowledge about the static subsystem nonlinearity. Unlike most of other identification methods, the proposed approach allows to decompose the problem of the Wiener system identification into two simpler subproblems. The considered methodology is based on the observation that the impulse response of the dynamic subsystem is proportional to the multiple input single output mapping, directly related to the considered system. Although derivation of the method involves gradient and kernel least squares techniques, the resulting algorithm possesses explicit form and does not utilize any difficult computational procedures. The consistency of the method is proved, and sufficient conditions for algorithm's bandwidth selection are formulated. Practical aspects of the approach are discussed, and applicability of the method for small and moderate number of observations is examined numerically. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What Causes Firm Profitability Variation in the EU Food Industry? A Redux of Classical Approaches of Variance Decomposition
Authors: Hirsch Stefan , Schiefer Jan 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTSince the 1980s economic researchers have applied variance decomposition methods such as ANOVA or components‐of‐variance (COV) in order to determine the importance of different effects for firm profitability variation. Nevertheless, these studies either focus on entire manufacturing sectors or on the U.S. food sector. This article, therefore, aims to determine the sources of firm profitability variation for EU food processors using the classical approaches of hierarchical ANOVA and COV. The paper also highlights a lack of the hierarchical ANOVA effect introduction pattern that occurs throughout previous literature. The results suggest that firm‐related effects are the main profit driver while industry, year, and country effects are negligible. [EconLit citations: L10, L25, C33].