bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal and spatial distribution of the commercial shrimp Litopenaeus schmitti (Dendrobranchiata: Penaeidae) in the south-eastern Brazilian coast
Authors: Bochini Gabriel L. , Fransozo Adilson , Castilho Antonio L. , Hirose Gustavo L. , Costa Rogerio C. 
Published: March 2014

The goal of the present study was to assess the temporal and spatial distribution of L. schmitti in three bays of the northern coast of the State of São Paulo, Ubatumirim (UBM), Ubatuba (UBA) and Mar Virado (MV), over a period of two years (1998 and 1999). Abiotic factors were monitored to test their influence on the distribution of the species through redundancy analysis. The shrimp were captured using a commercial fishing boat equipped with double-rig trawling nets at six sampling points. A total of 5658 individuals were collected during the study (4437 and 1221 in the first and second years, respectively). The number of individuals differed between years, bays, seasons and sampling locations. The highest number of L. schmitti was collected in MV (N = 2747), followed by UBM (N = 1649) and UBA (N = 1262). Shrimp abundance correlated positively with organic matter content, salinity and temperature, with the highest number of individuals collected from sites with intermediate levels of organic content (4 and 6%) and increasing when the sediment had a higher proportion of fine and very fine sand + clay. Abundance was also associated negatively with rainfall, given that the analysed population showed a seasonal pattern, with an increase in capture rate in those months following the rainy season. Average rainfall was 222.47 ± 138.68 mm, with a maximum of 538 mm and a minimum of 22.4 mm. The results obtained in this study suggest that, in the region of Ubatuba, temperature, salinity, organic content and rainfall modulate the distribution of these animals.
Fast protein folding kinetics
Authors: Gelman Hannah , Gruebele Martin 
Published: March 2014

AbstractFast-folding proteins have been a major focus of computational and experimental study because they are accessible to both techniques: they are small and fast enough to be reasonably simulated with current computational power, but have dynamics slow enough to be observed with specially developed experimental techniques. This coupled study of fast-folding proteins has provided insight into the mechanisms, which allow some proteins to find their native conformation well <1 ms and has uncovered examples of theoretically predicted phenomena such as downhill folding. The study of fast folders also informs our understanding of even ‘slow’ folding processes: fast folders are small; relatively simple protein domains and the principles that govern their folding also govern the folding of more complex systems. This review summarizes the major theoretical and experimental techniques used to study fast-folding proteins and provides an overview of the major findings of fast-folding research. Finally, we examine the themes that have emerged from studying fast folders and briefly summarize their application to protein folding in general, as well as some work that is left to do.
Le désintérêt progressif des résidents en médecine familiale à l’égard du suivi à domicile des personnes âgées
Authors: Aubry François , Couturier Yves , Dumont Serge 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThis paper deals with the lack of interest shown by family medicine residents in Quebec (Canada) in home follow-up or monitoring of the elderly. By collecting and analyzing data from sixteen family medicine residents before and after their first experience of home follow-up, and from four medical supervisors, we found that residents experience a rapid loss of interest in this practice over a very short period. We show that this lack of interest stems first from the difficulty of applying the principle of patient-centered care, wherein medical interventions must meet the needs of the elderly in their entirety. Secondly, residents complain that they have to deal with many administrative tasks. They call for implementation of professional features to better integrate services such as case management.
Retrospective space–time analysis methods to support West Nile virus surveillance activities
Authors: MULATTI P. , MAZZUCATO M. , MONTARSI F. , CIOCCHETTA S. , CAPELLI G. , BONFANTI L. , MARANGON S. 
Published: March 2014

SUMMARYThe steep increase in human West Nile virus (WNV) infections in 2011–2012 in north-eastern Italy prompted a refinement of the surveillance plan. Data from the 2010–2012 surveillance activities on mosquitoes, equines, and humans were analysed through Bernoulli space–time scan statistics, to detect the presence of recurrent WNV infection hotspots. Linear models were fit to detect the possible relationships between WNV occurrence in humans and its activity in mosquitoes. Clusters were detected for all of the hosts, defining a limited area on which to focus surveillance and promptly identify WNV reactivation. Positive relationships were identified between WNV in humans and in mosquitoes; although it was not possible to define precise spatial and temporal scales at which entomological surveillance could predict the increasing risk of human infections. This stresses the necessity to improve entomological surveillance by increasing both the density of trapping sites and the frequency of captures.
Cyclic variations in the dynamics of flu incidence in Azerbaijan, 1976–2000
Authors: DIMITROV B. D. , BABAYEV E. S. 
Published: March 2014

SUMMARYMulticomponent cyclicity in influenza (flu) incidence had been observed in various countries (e.g. periods T = 1, 2–3, 5–6, 8·0, 10·6–11·3, 13, 18–19 years) and its close similarity with cycles in natural environmental phenomena as meteorological factors and heliogeophysical activity (HGA) suggested. This report aimed at verifying previous results on cyclic patterns of flu incidence by exploring whether flu annual cyclicity (seasonality) and trans-year (13 to <24 months) and/or multiannual (long-term, ⩾24 months) cycles might be present. For this purpose, a relatively long monthly flu incidence dataset consisting of absolute numbers of new cases from the Grand Baku area, Azerbaijan, for the years 1976–2000 (300 months) was analysed. The exploration of underlying chronomes or, time structures, was done by linear and nonlinear parametric regression models, autocorrelation, spectral analysis and periodogram regression analysis. We analysed temporal dynamics and described multicomponent cyclicity, determining its statistical significance. The analysis, considering the flu data specifically stratified in three distinct intervals (1976–1990, 1991–1995, 1996–2000), and also combinations thereof, indicated that the main cyclic pattern was a seasonal one, with a period of T = 12 months. Further, a number of multiannual cycles with periods T in the ranges of 26–36, 62–85 or 113–162 months were observed, i.e. average periods of 2·5, 6·1 and 11·5 years, respectively. Indeed, most of these cycles correspond to similar cyclic parameters of HGA and further analyses are warranted to investigate such relationships. In conclusion, our study revealed the presence of multicomponent cyclic dynamics in influenza incidence by using relatively long time-series of monthly data. The specific cyclic patterns of flu incidence in Azerbaijan allows further, more specific modelling and correlations with environmental factors of similar cyclicity, e.g. HGA, to be explored. These results might contribute more widely to a better understanding of influenza dynamics and its aetiology as well as to the derivation of more precise forecasted estimates for planning and prevention purposes.
Combat trauma-associated invasive fungal wound infections: epidemiology and clinical classification
Authors: WEINTROB A. C. , WEISBROD A. B. , DUNNE J. R. , RODRIGUEZ C. J. , MALONE D. , LLOYD B. A. , WARKENTIEN T. E. , WELLS J. , MURRAY C. K. , BRADLEY W. , SHAIKH F. , SHAH J. , AGGARWAL D. , CARSON M. L. , TRIBBLE D. R. ,   the Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program Trauma Infectious Disease Outcomes Study Group
Published: March 2014

SUMMARYThe emergence of invasive fungal wound infections (IFIs) in combat casualties led to development of a combat trauma-specific IFI case definition and classification. Prospective data were collected from 1133 US military personnel injured in Afghanistan (June 2009–August 2011). The IFI rates ranged from 0·2% to 11·7% among ward and intensive care unit admissions, respectively (6·8% overall). Seventy-seven IFI cases were classified as proven/probable (n = 54) and possible/unclassifiable (n = 23) and compared in a case-case analysis. There was no difference in clinical characteristics between the proven/probable and possible/unclassifiable cases. Possible IFI cases had shorter time to diagnosis (P = 0·02) and initiation of antifungal therapy (P = 0·05) and fewer operative visits (P = 0·002) compared to proven/probable cases, but clinical outcomes were similar between the groups. Although the trauma-related IFI classification scheme did not provide prognostic information, it is an effective tool for clinical and epidemiological surveillance and research.
Inequalities in the incidence of infectious disease in the North East of England: a population-based study
Authors: HUGHES G. J. , GORTON R. 
Published: March 2014

SUMMARYThe objective of this study was to measure the association between deprivation and incidence of 21 infectious diseases in the North East of England (2007–2011). We used count regression models with the Index of Multiple Deprivation and population/landscape data for small areas (~1500 persons). Deprivation significantly predicted incidence (P < 0·05) for 17 infectious diseases. The direction of association was broadly consistent within groups: increased incidence with increased deprivation for all three bloodborne viruses, 2/3 invasive bacterial diseases, 4/5 sexually transmitted infections (STI) and tuberculosis (TB); decreased incidence with increased deprivation for 5/6 infectious intestinal diseases (IID) and 2/3 vaccine-preventable diseases. Associations were removed for all but one IID (E. coliO157 infection) after accounting for recent foreign travel. Hepatitis C virus, TB and STI are priority infections for reduction of inequalities associated with deprivation in the North East of England.
Drying Effect Creates False Assemblies in DNA-Coated Gold Nanoparticles as Determined Through In Situ Liquid Cell STEM
Authors: Rudolph Angela R. , Jungjohann Katherine L. , Wheeler David R. , Brozik Susan M. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe drying effect associated with utilizing transmission electron microscopy to study deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-coated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) remains largely uninvestigated, though this technique is frequently utilized to characterize nanoparticle–DNA interactions. Investigation of the drying effect is essential to the progress of the many fields that utilize AuNPs, including cancer research. In this study, we compare DNA hybridization-directed nanoparticle assemblies with control samples omitting the necessary complementary DNA, effectively blocking directed assembly, in both the liquid state and the dry state, within a scanning transmission electron microscope. We show that the dry samples contain AuNPs spaced at significantly smaller intervals than identical samples measured in situ, with no dependence on the DNA bound to the AuNPs in the dry samples. A partially wet sample, with distances measured along the drying edge, provided an intermediate binding distance, strengthening the conclusion that drastic differences observed between the dry and in situ samples are due to a pronounced drying effect. This drying effect will falsely indicate certain grouping arrangements and will change the impression of the size of the groups formed, providing misinformation for the development of these controlled assemblies that could impact applications such as targeted drug vehicles for cancer treatment.
AN OPTIMAL DIVIDEND POLICY WITH DELAYED CAPITAL INJECTIONS
Authors: JIN ZHUO , YIN GEORGE 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis work focuses on finding optimal dividend payment and capital injection policies to maximize the present value of the difference between the cumulative dividend payment and the possible capital injections with delays. Starting from the classical Cramér–Lundberg process, using the dynamic programming approach, the value function obeys a quasi-variational inequality. With delays in capital injections, the company will be exposed to the risk of financial ruin during the delay period. In addition, the optimal dividend payment and capital injection strategy should balance the expected cost of the possible capital injections and the time value of the delay period. In this paper, the closed-form solution of the value function and the corresponding optimal policies are obtained. Some limiting cases are also discussed. A numerical example is presented to illustrate properties of the solution. Some economic insights are also given.
BLOW-UP OF THE NONEQUIVARIANT ()-DIMENSIONAL WAVE MAP
Authors: FRAUENDIENER JÖRG , PETER RALF 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIt has been known for a long time that the equivariant $2+1$ wave map into the $2$-sphere blows up if the initial data are chosen appropriately. Here, we present numerical evidence for the stability of the blow-up phenomenon under explicit violations of equivariance.
A programmable compact wide-band RF feed network
Authors: Sharawi Mohammad S. , Deif Sameir E. , Ghafari Elias , Aloi Daniel N. 
Published: March 2014

The design and fabrication of a wide-band programmable radio frequency (RF) feed network is proposed. It is designed to cover a wide band from 2.5 to 6 GHz over two separate branches. The feed network is simulated and fabricated on an FR-4 substrate with 0.8 mm thickness. Good matching between simulation and measurement results is achieved. The measured amplitude resolution was 0.5 dB with a maximum error of 0.22 dB. The measured phase resolution was approximately 5.6° with 1° maximum error. This design is a generic one that can be used in any kind of RF or antenna systems.
The DNMT1/PCNA/UHRF1 disruption induces tumorigenesis characterized by similar genetic and epigenetic signatures
Authors: Pacaud Romain , Brocard Emeline , Lalier Lisenn , Hervouet Eric , Vallette François M. , Cartron Pierre-François 
Published: March 2014

AbstractSeveral genetic and epigenetic signatures characterize cancer cells. However, the relationships (causal or consequence link, existence due to a same origin) between these 2 types of signatures were not fully elucidated. In the present work, we reported that the disruption of the DNMT1/PCNA/UHRF1 complex acts as an oncogenic event of the tumor transformation of brain (astrocytes), breast, lung and mesothelial cells. We also show that these tumor transformation processes were associated with the acquisition of cancer hallmark and common genetic and epigenetic signatures. Thus, our data revealed that the global DNA hypomethylation induced by the DNMT1/PCNA/UHRF1 disruption is an oncogenic event of human tumorigenesis, an inducer of epigenetic and genetic signatures frequently observed in several human cancers and is an initiator of oncogenic events.
Glutamate/glutamine and neuronal integrity in adults with ADHD: a proton MRS study
Authors: Maltezos S , Horder J , Coghlan S , Skirrow C , O'Gorman R , Lavender T J , Mendez M A , Mehta M , Daly E , Xenitidis K , Paliokosta E , Spain D , Pitts M , Asherson P , Lythgoe D J , Barker G J , Murphy D G 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThere is increasing evidence that abnormalities in glutamate signalling may contribute to the pathophysiology of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ([1H]MRS) can be used to measure glutamate, and also its metabolite glutamine, in vivo. However, few studies have investigated glutamate in the brain of adults with ADHD naive to stimulant medication. Therefore, we used [1H]MRS to measure the combined signal of glutamate and glutamine (Glu+Gln; abbreviated as Glx) along with other neurometabolites such as creatine (Cr), N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and choline. Data were acquired from three brain regions, including two implicated in ADHD—the basal ganglia (caudate/striatum) and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)—and one ‘control’ region—the medial parietal cortex. We compared 40 adults with ADHD, of whom 24 were naive for ADHD medication, whereas 16 were currently on stimulants, against 20 age, sex and IQ-matched healthy controls. We found that compared with controls, adult ADHD participants had a significantly lower concentration of Glx, Cr and NAA in the basal ganglia and Cr in the DLPFC, after correction for multiple comparisons. There were no differences between stimulant-treated and treatment-naive ADHD participants. In people with untreated ADHD, lower basal ganglia Glx was significantly associated with more severe symptoms of inattention. There were no significant differences in the parietal ‘control’ region. We suggest that subcortical glutamate and glutamine have a modulatory role in ADHD adults; and that differences in glutamate–glutamine levels are not explained by use of stimulant medication.
Effect of Verb Network Strengthening Treatment (VNeST) in Persons With Aphasia: Extension and Replication of Previous Findings
Authors: Edmonds Lisa A. , Mammino Kevin , Ojeda Jimena 
Published: March 2014

Purpose

Verb Network Strengthening Treatment
(VNeST) is an aphasia treatment that targets verbs (e.g.,
measure
) and their related thematic roles (e.g.,
carpenter–lumber
). Previous studies reported encouraging results in a number of participants using single-subject design with improvements observed on naming, sentence production, and discourse. The purpose of the current study was to conduct a group analysis evaluating the effect of VNeST on similar outcomes.

Method
A multiple baseline design across participants was conducted with 11 persons with aphasia due to stroke. Wilcoxon signed-ranks tests were used to evaluate potential improvement from pre- to posttreatment and maintenance. Individual effect sizes were also calculated to evaluate magnitude of change within and across participants.

Results
Results showed significant improvement at posttreatment and maintenance on trained and untrained sentence probes and object and action naming. Improvement in the production of sentences not targeted in treatment was nonsignificant at posttreatment assessment but significant at maintenance. Moderate increases in percentage of complete utterances and overall informativeness were observed on discourse.

Conclusion
The results of this study replicate previous findings and provide evidence that VNeST may promote specific and generalized lexical retrieval abilities and affect basic syntax production in both constrained and discourse production tasks.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6170219
Description of an Intensive Residential Aphasia Treatment Program: Rationale, Clinical Processes, and Outcomes
Authors: Winans-Mitrik Ronda L. , Hula William D. , Dickey Michael W. , Schumacher James G. , Swoyer Brooke , Doyle Patrick J. 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
The purpose of this article is to describe the rationale, clinical processes, and outcomes of an intensive comprehensive aphasia program (ICAP).

Method
Seventy-three community-dwelling adults with aphasia completed a residentially based ICAP. Participants received 5 hr of daily 1:1 evidence-based cognitive-linguistically oriented aphasia therapy, supplemented with weekly socially oriented and therapeutic group activities over a 23-day treatment course. Standardized measures of aphasia severity and communicative functioning were obtained at baseline, program entry, program exit, and follow-up. Results were analyzed using a Bayesian latent growth curve model with 2 factors representing (a) the initial level and (b) change over time, respectively, for each outcome measure.

Results
Model parameter estimates showed reliable improvement on all outcome measures between the initial and final assessments. Improvement during the treatment interval was greater than change observed across the baseline interval, and gains were maintained at follow-up on all measures.

Conclusions
The rationale, clinical processes, and outcomes of a residentially based ICAP have been described. ICAPs differ with respect to treatments delivered, dosing parameters, and outcomes measured. Specifying the defining components of complex interventions, establishing their feasibility, and describing their outcomes are necessary to guide the development of controlled clinical trials.
Quantum dash based directly modulated lasers for long‐reach access networks
Authors: Joshi S. , Chimot N. , Neto L.A. , Accard A. , Provost J.‐G. , Franchin F. , Ramdane A. , Lelarge F. 
Published: March 2014

An innovative 10 Gbit/s single mode optical transmitter with the capacity of error‐free transmission is demonstrated in the range of 0–100 km with constant biasing conditions by using a quantum dash directly modulated laser. A commercially available etalon filter is used as a passive optical filter to achieve penalty‐free transmission with a dynamic extinction ratio >6 dB over a large range of fibre spans.
Extinct New Zealand megafauna were not in decline before human colonization
Authors: Allentoft Morten Erik , Heller Rasmus , Oskam Charlotte L. , Lorenzen Eline D. , Hale Marie L. , Gilbert M. Thomas P. , Jacomb Christopher , Holdaway Richard N. , Bunce Michael 
Published: March 2014

Significance
In New Zealand, nine species of moa (large, wingless ratite birds) went extinct shortly after Polynesian settlement. In this study, we characterize the gene pools of four moa species during the final 4,000 y of their existence and gain new insights into moa biology and their population sizes. Our analyses show that moa populations were large and viable prior to human arrival in New Zealand, and their demise therefore represents a striking example of human overexploitation of megafauna.
High carbon dioxide uptake by subtropical forest ecosystems in the East Asian monsoon region
Authors: Yu Guirui , Chen Zhi , Piao Shilong , Peng Changhui , Ciais Philippe , Wang Qiufeng , Li Xuanran , Zhu Xianjin 
Published: March 2014

SignificanceUnderstanding the location of carbon sources and sinks is essential for accurately predicting future changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide and climate. Mid- to high-latitude terrestrial ecosystems are well known to be the principal carbon sink regions, yet less attention has been paid to the mid- to low-latitude ecosystems. In this study, long-term eddy covariance observations demonstrate that there is a high carbon dioxide uptake (net ecosystem productivity) by the mid- to low-latitude East Asian monsoon subtropical forests that were shaped by the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. Increasing nitrogen deposition, a young forest age structure, and sufficient water and heat availability combined to contribute to this large carbon dioxide uptake.
Soil biodiversity and soil community composition determine ecosystem multifunctionality
Authors: Wagg Cameron , Bender S. Franz , Widmer Franco , van der Heijden Marcel G. A. 
Published: March 2014

Significance
Biological diversity is the foundation for the maintenance of ecosystems. Consequently it is thought that anthropogenic activities that reduce the diversity in ecosystems threaten ecosystem performance. A large proportion of the biodiversity within terrestrial ecosystems is hidden below ground in soils, and the impact of altering its diversity and composition on the performance of ecosystems is still poorly understood. Using a novel experimental system to alter levels of soil biodiversity and community composition, we found that reductions in the abundance and presence of soil organisms results in the decline of multiple ecosystem functions, including plant diversity and nutrient cycling and retention. This suggests that below-ground biodiversity is a key resource for maintaining the functioning of ecosystems.