bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probing the paramyxovirus fusion (F) protein-refolding event from pre- to postfusion by oxidative footprinting
Authors: Poor Taylor A. , Jones Lisa M. , Sood Amika , Leser George P. , Plasencia Manolo D. , Rempel Don L. , Jardetzky Theodore S. , Woods Robert J. , Gross Michael L. , Lamb Robert A. 
Published: June 2014

SignificanceThe activities of the fusion proteins that mediate virus–cell fusion are an absolute requirement for virus entry and infectivity of enveloped viruses such as HIV, influenza virus, measles virus, and respiratory syncytia virus, among others. Viral fusion proteins are translated initially in a metastable prefusion state and, upon triggering, undergo an extensive and irreversible refolding process. Membrane fusion is coupled to the energy released by the fusion proteins adopting a stable, low-energy postfusion state. Here we use oxidative footprinting of the parainfluenza virus 5 fusion protein to reveal new details of this critical event in the viral lifecycle. A greater understanding of the dynamic nature of these metastable proteins may reveal novel opportunities for the development of targeted therapeutics.
Taxodione and arenarone inhibit farnesyl diphosphate synthase by binding to the isopentenyl diphosphate site
Authors: Liu Yi-Liang , Lindert Steffen , Zhu Wei , Wang Ke , McCammon J. Andrew , Oldfield Eric 
Published: June 2014

SignificanceThere is an ever-present need for new drugs because of drug resistance. An enzyme called “farnesyl diphosphate synthase” (FPPS) is one important drug target, and drugs called “bisphosphonates” that inhibit this enzyme are of interest both as cancer therapeutics and as antibacterial and antiparasitic drug leads. However, they bind avidly to bone and so are ineffective against most tumors and most infectious organisms. Here, we report the discovery of compounds that lack a bone-binding feature that target FPPS in a unique way, as observed at the atomic level. They also can bind to other protein targets, providing a potentially important approach, multitarget inhibition, that is expected to increase efficacy and decrease the likelihood that resistance will develop.
Lexicography in the Philippines (1600–1800)
Authors: Rodríguez Rebeca Fernández 
Published: June 2014

Summary
Spanish missionary lexicography in America and the Philippines is extensive and deserving of detailed research. In the Philippines, from 1600 up to 1898, more than fifty vocabularies were published in thirteen different languages. Alongside these are numerous vocabularies preserved only as manuscripts and others that are known to be lost. Following some recent publications on Philippine lexicography, in particular bibliographic surveys and studies of specific vocabularies (­García-Medall 2004, 2009; Sueiro Justel 2003; Fernández Rodríguez 2009, 2012), as well as Smith-Stark’s (2009) work on Mexican lexicography, this paper presents a contrastive analysis of the lexicographic styles of seven Philippine vocabularies of five different languages: Tagalog, Visayan, Pampango, ­Bicol and Ilokano. Through examination of the lexicographic characteristics of the most important vocabularies written in the first two centuries of Spanish presence in the Philippines (1600–1800), the present writer tries to establish the lexicographical models used by the missionaries: whether they followed the existing models (mainly Nebrija, Molina and Calepino) or if they created a novel Philippine model. The authors of these vocabularies were missionaries of different Orders: Augustinian, Dominican, Franciscan, and Jesuits. All these vocabularies are bilingual and bidirectional, with the sole exception of the unidirectional Ilokano vocabulary.
Harvesting juveniles of blackspot sea bream (Pagellus bogaraveo) in the Azores (Northeast Atlantic): biological implications, management, and life cycle considerations
Authors: Pinho Mário , Diogo Hugo , Carvalho Joana , Pereira João Gil 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Blackspot sea bream (Pagellus bogaraveo) is the most important economical resource of Azorean fisheries. Juveniles (age 0 and 1) were detected along island coastlines in nursery grounds that sheltered individuals of up to 13 cm (fork length). Juveniles occurred in coastal areas in all seasons, but higher catch per unit efforts occurred during summer. Larger individuals tended to be caught on the shelves and slopes of the islands and seamounts by the demersal, mixed hook, and line fisheries. Juveniles were exclusively found at inshore areas, while spawners were distributed over offshore areas (islands shelf/slope and seamounts), suggesting an inter-connected cycle of recruitment in coastal areas and ontogenetic migration of juveniles from inshore to offshore areas, while eggs and larvae drift in the opposite direction. Juveniles were found to be targeted by three types of fisheries, amounting to cumulative annual catches of ∼36 t. Shore angling was the most important fishing method, followed by bait fishing for tuna and the coastal pelagic live-bait fishery. Fishery managers have enforced several measures to protect juveniles, although our results indicate that effective interdiction of juvenile catch would provide a long-term increase of 15 and 8% in spawning-stock biomass and catch, respectively, as well as ∼13% increase in the value of landings. Although this measure could improve the protection of a species in an advanced state of overexploitation, our results showed that a decrease in fishing effort would be necessary to achieve sustainability of the stock.
Challenges in mucosal vaccines for the control of infectious diseases
Authors: Azegami Tatsuhiko , Yuki Yoshikazu , Kiyono Hiroshi 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe mucosal surface is the largest route through which pathogens enter the human body. To control the outbreak of mucosal infectious diseases, we must use our knowledge of the mucosal immune system to create vaccines that elicit protective mucosal and systemic immunity. Mucosal vaccines have advantages over traditional injectable vaccines in that they not only induce effective mucosal immune responses, but they also do not cause physical or psychological discomfort. Mucosal vaccines currently licensed for human use include oral vaccines against Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella typhi, poliovirus and rotavirus, and nasal vaccines against influenza virus. To further improve the existing vaccines, it will be necessary to develop novel vaccine production, storage and delivery systems through innovative strategies derived from interdisciplinary scientific research. Our accumulated knowledge of the innate and acquired arms of the mucosal immune system and the recent scientific and technical advancements in the fields of molecular biology, plant biology, bio-engineering and chemical engineering, genome biology and systems biology have created a unique research and development platform for the development of the next generation of mucosal vaccines. This review summarizes the current perspectives and future directions of mucosal vaccine development with emphasis on oral and nasal vaccines for the control of infectious diseases.
Characterization of a rationally engineeredphaCABoperon with a hybrid promoter design
Authors: Bower Iain , Chi Bobby Wenqiang , Chin Matthew Ho Wai , Fan Sisi , Kopniczky Margarita , Pilcher Jemma , Strutt James , Kelwick Richard , Webb Alexander , Jensen Kirsten , Stan Guy-Bart , Kitney Richard , Freemont Paul 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBiopolymers, such as poly-3-hydroxy-butyrate (P(3HB)) are produced as a carbon store in an array of organisms and exhibit characteristics which are similar to oil-derived plastics, yet have the added advantages of biodegradability and biocompatibility. Despite these advantages, P(3HB) production is currently more expensive than the production of oil-derived plastics, and therefore more efficient P(3HB) production processes are required. In this study, we describe the model-guided design and experimental characterization of several engineered P(3HB) producing operons. In particular, we describe the characterization of a novel hybridphaCABoperon that consists of a dual promoter (native and J23104) and RBS (native and B0034) design. P(3HB) production was around six-fold higher in hybridphaCABengineeredEscherichia coliin comparison toE. coliengineered with the nativephaCABoperon fromRalstonia eutrophaH16. The hybridphaCABoperon represents a step towards the more efficient production of P(3HB), which has an array of applications from 3D printing to tissue engineering.
Social media as a political backchannel
Authors: Kalsnes Bente , Krumsvik Arne H. , Storsul Tanja 
Published: June 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore how Twitter is used as a political backchannel and potential agenda setter during two televised political debates during the Norwegian election in 2011. The paper engages with current debates about the role of social media in audience participation and traditional media's changing role as gatekeepers and agenda setter.Design/methodology/approach– A combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. By introducing and using the IMSC multiple step analysis model on the Twitter datasets, the authors are able to analyse the flow of thousands of tweets and compare them with topics discussed in the televised debates.Findings– The paper finds that the same topics are discussed on Twitter as on TV, but “the debate about the debate” or Meta talk tweets reveal critical scrutiny of the agenda. The paper identifies a clear pattern of political fandom and media criticism in the “debate about the debate”, indicating that Meta talk in social media can function as a critical public sphere, also in real time, which has not been identified in existing studies of Twitter and political TV shows.Originality/value– The analysis is unique in the sense that the paper analyses a smaller, national Twitter population in deeper detail than what is common in larger Twitter studies related to political televised debates. The IMSC model can be used in future Twitter studies to uncover layers in the data material and structure the findings.
Reproductive health behaviour of Muslim immigrant women in Canada
Authors: George Pamela , Lennox Terrion Jenepher , Ahmed Rukhsana 
Published: June 2014

Purpose
– Reproductive health is critically important for women and yet minority women in Canada are less likely to use preventive health care services. The purpose of this paper is to increase understanding of the health behaviours of this minority population and, in particular, identify barriers to accessing reproductive health care services.

Design/methodology/approach
– This study qualitatively analysed data from focus group discussions with 22 Muslim immigrant women in Ottawa, Canada.

Findings
– The theme of modesty emerged as one of the main barriers in the health seeking behaviour of Muslim immigrant women when it comes to reproductive health and, therefore, the gender of the physician was very important. Focus group participants also discussed a preference for family physicians from the same ethnic and cultural background. Adaptation, or the need to be flexible if there was no alternative to a male doctor, emerged as a theme throughout the focus groups. Emergencies were frequently cited as a reason to adapt.

Practical implications
– The findings reveal that while religious rules do play a predominant role in the health behaviour of Muslim immigrant women, communication by health care providers, government and health agencies can offer strategies to increase the uptake of preventive reproductive care.

Originality/value
– This study offers unique insights into the very personal experience of reproductive health care through rich, qualitative data. Given the impact of culture and religion on perceptions and practices, in particular related to reproductive health, this study contributes to more effective communication strategies with Muslim women.
Development of lean manufacturing implementation drivers for Indian ceramic industry
Authors: Singh Sangwan Kuldip , Bhamu Jaiprakash , Mehta Dhwani 
Published: June 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to develop a statistically reliable and valid model of lean manufacturing (LM) implementation drivers for the Indian ceramic industry through an empirical study.

Design/methodology/approach
– The research methodology is based on the empirical study of the Indian ceramic industry through a questionnaire specifically developed for the study through literature review and discussions held with practitioners. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling techniques have been used to propose and validate the model. SPSS and AMOS statistical tools have been used for the statistical analysis of the data.

Findings
– The study identified 12 drivers for the LM implementation in Indian ceramic industry. Further, these 12 drivers have been categorized into internal, policy and external drivers (ED). Structural model affirms that ED are positively related to policy drivers (PD) and PD are positively related to internal drivers.

Research limitations/implications
– This study provides casual relationships among the various drivers, which can be leveraged by the managers for the easy and effective implementation of LM in their organizations. It is expected that the model will help the decision makers during LM implementation in taking informed decisions in prioritizing and sequencing the implementation strategy. The results of the research may apply to other industries as well, but this needs to be validated by collecting data and analysing its results.

Practical implications
– The results provide insights into motivating factors that should be focused on while taking lean decisions. The correlation results among drivers will enable the policy makers in government and industry to strategically leverage the resources for the successful implementation of LM in the industry.

Originality/value
– This research empirically develops a model of drivers for LM implementation. The novelty of the study is the causal relationship among the drivers which can be used for decision making to implement lean easily and effectively. Moreover, the categorization of the drivers into internal, external and policy categories and driving/driven relationship among these categories provides the top management an incisive insight into broad improvement areas.
Learning not to labour: a micro analysis of consensual male unemployment
Authors: George Giazitzoglu Andreas 
Published: June 2014

Purpose– The Drifters are ten long-term unemployed British men. The Drifters’ unemployment is consensual: the men believe they have chosen to “not work” and rely upon welfare benefits for their socio-economic survival. The purpose of this paper is to present micro sociological analysis of the Drifters’ existences which focuses upon first, exploring why the Drifters’ consensual unemployment has resulted in them experiencing high levels of stigma in their everyday lives; second, analysing the Drifters’ (micro) relationships with (macro) unemployment policies.Design/methodology/approach– Primary, qualitative data were elicited from the Drifters during two phases of fieldwork. In both phases of fieldwork, the author conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews and participant observation-based research with the Drifters to generate data on how the men subjectively experience and account for the intersection of consensual non-work, welfare reliance and stigma in their lives.Findings– In the pseudonymous locale where the Drifters reside (Dramen) displaying a willingness to work is – despite high rates of local unemployment – a social expectation and marker of “respectable” masculinity. By living lives of consensual non-work and welfare reliance, the Drifters violate a localised cultural code and are accordingly stigmatised. Rather than attempting to manage their stigma, the Drifters ritually indulge in secondary deviant behaviours. This amplifies the Drifters’ statuses as reviled agents. The Drifters lack employment options. The Drifters have been able to successfully exploit unemployment benefits. Accordingly, the Drifters’ non-work is somewhat inevitable, rather than lamentable, as many citizens in Dramen believe; and as wider current right-leaning political and media rhetoric relating to unemployment implies.Originality/value– Examinations into the lives of non-consensually unemployed males exist. However, the lives of males who are unemployed apparently consensually – i.e. out of choice – remain under-researched. This paper functions as a micro empirical corrective, which diversifies the way male unemployment in capitalist societies can be viewed; and which offers a fresh look at how proposed unemployment welfare reform may impact the Drifters and the group in British society which the Drifters represent more broadly.
An exploratory study of entrepreneurial marketing in SMEs
Authors: Franco Mário , de Fátima Santos Maria , Ramalho Isabel , Nunes Cristina 
Published: June 2014

Purpose
– Marketing has been seen as one of the greatest problems faced by small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), but simultaneously one of the most important activities for their growth and survival. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to determine the importance and role of entrepreneurial marketing in SMEs.

Design/methodology/approach
– To reach this goal, a qualitative approach was adopted, with two case studies (SMEs) selected. As data-collecting instruments, interviews and documentary analysis were used, and the data-treatment technique was content analysis.

Findings
– The empirical evidence obtained shows that the importance of entrepreneurial marketing is recognized, but that it differs considerably according to firm size. In the SMEs studied, marketing is informal and reactive to market opportunities and the founder-entrepreneur has an influence on the decision-making process.

Practical implications
– The study contributes to the existing research about the role the founder-entrepreneur can have in the firm's ability to develop entrepreneurial marketing activities. From a practical viewpoint, the study has found that entrepreneurial marketing is based on networking to build and support marketing activity and it is associated with the use and development of the marketing management competencies of their entrepreneurs.

Originality/value
– The study is innovative because the authors are able to outline empirically new issues for future investigation in this area of scarce research. Second, an integrative and holistic model is proposed for entrepreneurial marketing in SMEs and this represents the primary contribution of the study.
Mechanical behaviour and identification of damage by acoustic emission of smart composites
Authors: Masmoudi S. , El Mahi A. , El Guerjouma R. , Turki S. 
Published: June 2014

Purpose
– The smaller sizes of current electronic devices suggest the feasibility of creating a smart composite structure using piezoelectric implant to monitor in-situ and in-service conditions the life of civil and aerospace structures. Piezoelectric (lead zirconate-titanate (PZT)) sensors embedded within laminates composites represent a new branch of engineering with the potential to greatly enhance the confidence and use of these materials. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– This study presents a health monitoring of laminates composites materials incorporating by piezoelectric (PZT) implant using acoustic emission (AE) technique. A series of specimens of laminate composite with and without embedded piezoelectric were tested in three-point bending tests in static and creep loading while continuously monitoring the response by the AE technique. The AE signals were analysed using the classification k-means method in order to identify the different damages and to follow the evolution of these various mechanisms for both types of materials (with and without embedded sensors).

Findings
– Comparing embedded sensor to sensor mounted on the surface, the embedded sensor showed a much higher sensitivity. It was thus verified that the embedded AE sensor had great potential for AE monitoring in fibre reinforced composites structures.

Originality/value
– Piezoelectric implant to monitor in-situ and in-service conditions the life of civil and aerospace structures.
Guest Editorial: Accounting for public governance
Authors: Grossi Giuseppe , Steccolini Ileana 
Published: June 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this viewpoint paper is to introduce the special issue and outline its major themes.Design/methodology/approach– The public governance literature is described, and the necessity for analysing challenges for accountability and accounting in the public sector is elaborated upon, as a precursor to introducing the contributions to this special issue.Findings– The public governance turn in public management and policy studies has often meant that accounting and accountability issues have been overlooked. This special issue reminds us that they are central in public governance and networks, and that accounting cannot be dismissed as only a “technical” issue since it is central in power relationships, building trust, ensuring transparency and improving decision making for both internal and external stakeholders.Research limitations/implications– This special issue ofQualitative Research in Accounting & Managementaims to stimulate qualitative research on how accounting and accountability are being shaped by the new public governance paradigm and, in turn, contribute to shaping it.Practical implications– The articles included in this special issue focus on reforms and innovations that have been adopted based on the assumption that improving mechanisms of public governance and accountability will result in better public sector performance. The different aspects of governance and accounting changes will also be of interest to politicians, managers, citizens, and those who seek accountability from public sector organisations.Originality/value– The paper offers a systematic empirical examination of the innovative experiences of different governments to strengthen transparency, openness and participation, and to enhance the capacity to manage, steer and monitor contracts, partnerships and relationships with private and public sector entities.
Contracting accountability in network governance structures
Authors: Hansson Lisa , Longva Frode 
Published: June 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how accountability is expressed in contractual arrangements found in network governance structures that provide public transport services and to raise discussion of how to understand contracting accountability in network governance contexts.Design/methodology/approach– The paper is rooted in two research traditions: contracting studies and studies of accountability in government/governance contexts. Content analysis is used in examining contracts from two cases. These contracts are of five types: contracts between public organizations, contracts within a public organization, contracts between public organizations and private firms, and contracts between political parties within a municipality and contracts within a network. Various contracting approaches are identified within these types.Findings– The paper concludes that the contracts' functions differ between the cases. The first case did not have an overall contract that defined the network, relying on different two-party contracts instead. In the other case, an incentive-based contract was used to link the organizations. From an accountability perspective, the latter contracting structure clarifies the roles and responsibilities of the actors and increases the possibility of accountability to citizens.Originality/value– The paper brings new insights to the field of contracting and accountability by focusing on the role of contracts in network governance structures, taking account of various accountability relationships. It also contributes new theoretical categories usable when analysing contracting accountability in a network context.