bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcrestal Sinus Lift Using Platelet Concentrates in Association to Short Implant Placement: A Retrospective Study of Augmented Bone Height Remodeling
Authors: Anitua Eduardo , Flores Javier , Alkhraisat Mohammad Hamdan 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundNo evidence has been reported yet about dimensional changes in maxillary sinuses grafted with autologous platelet concentrate.PurposeThis study aimed to analyze the augmented height alterations around short implants (length ≤ 8.5 mm) placed after transcrestal sinus lift surgery in association with plasma rich in growth factors.Materials and MethodsA retrospective design was used. Patients with atrophic posterior maxilla were treated by inserting short implants in combination with transalveolar maxillary sinus floor augmentation. Radiographic bone level alterations over time were assessed on panoramic radiographs.ResultsTransalveolar sinus augmentation was performed to place 41 implants in 26 patients with a residual bone height of 4.7 ± 1.3 mm. The alveolar bone height was increased by 3.7 ± 1.7 mm and 4.2 ± 2.0 mm after 12 ± 3 months and 35 ± 11 months of surgery, respectively, whereas the apical augmented height (beyond the implant) apex was stable around 34 implants during the follow‐up. It was increasing around seven implants that were not covered by the endo‐sinus augmented height at the 1‐year follow‐up.ConclusionsTransalveolar sinus floor augmentation in association with plasma rich in growth factors and short implants resulted in a stable augmented height gain after 3 years follow‐up. Atrophic posterior maxilla could be treated by transalveolar sinus lift in association with plasma rich in growth factors and the placement of short implants.
Anthropogenic areas as incidental substitutes for original habitat
Authors: Martínez‐Abraín Alejandro , Jiménez Juan 
Published: October 2015

AbstractOne speaks of ecological substitutes when an introduced species performs, to some extent, the ecosystem function of an extirpated native species. We suggest that a similar case exists for habitats. Species evolve within ecosystems, but habitats can be destroyed or modified by natural and human‐made causes. Sometimes habitat alteration forces animals to move to or remain in a suboptimal habitat type. In that case, the habitat is considered a refuge, and the species is called a refugee. Typically refugee species have lower population growth rates than in their original habitats. Human action may lead to the unintended generation of artificial or semiartificial habitat types that functionally resemble the essential features of the original habitat and thus allow a population growth rate of the same magnitude or higher than in the original habitat. We call such areas substitution habitats and define them as human‐made habitats within the focal species range that by chance are partial substitutes for the species’ original habitat. We call species occupying a substitution habitat adopted species. These are 2 new terms in conservation biology. Examples of substitution habitats are dams for European otters, wheat and rice fields for many steppeland and aquatic birds, and urban areas for storks, falcons, and swifts. Although substitution habitats can bring about increased resilience against the agents of global change, the conservation of original habitat types remains a conservation priority.
Post‐trial obligations in the Declaration of Helsinki 2013: classification, reconstruction and interpretation
Authors: Mastroleo Ignacio 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe general aim of this article is to give a critical interpretation of post‐trial obligations towards individual research participants in the Declaration of Helsinki 2013. Transitioning research participants to the appropriate health care when a research study ends is a global problem. The publication of a new version of the Declaration of Helsinki is a great opportunity to discuss it. In my view, the Declaration of Helsinki 2013 identifies at least two clearly different types of post‐trial obligations, specifically, access to care after research and access to information after research. The agents entitled to receive post‐trial access are the individual participants in research studies. The Declaration identifies the sponsors, researchers and host country governments as the main agents responsible for complying with the post‐trial obligations mentioned above. To justify this interpretation of post‐trial obligations, I first introduce a classification of post‐trial obligations and illustrate its application with examples from post‐trial ethics literature. I then make a brief reconstruction of the formulations of post‐trial obligations of the Declaration of Helsinki from 2000 to 2008 to correlate the changes with some of the most salient ethical arguments. Finally I advance a critical interpretation of the latest formulation of post‐trial obligations. I defend the view that paragraph 34 of ‘Post‐trial provisions’ is an improved formulation by comparison with earlier versions, especially for identifying responsible agents and abandoning ambiguous ‘fair benefit’ language. However, I criticize the disappearance of ‘access to other appropriate care’ present in the Declaration since 2004 and the narrow scope given to obligations of access to information after research.
A pilot study of factors associated with glycaemic control in adults with Type 1 diabetes mellitus on insulin pump therapy
Authors: Wen W. , Frampton R. , Wright K. , Fattore S. , Shadbolt B. , Perampalam S. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimsTo identify the knowledge and management factors associated with glycaemic control among adults with Type 1 diabetes mellitus treated with insulin pump therapy.MethodsA cross‐sectional study of adults with Type 1 diabetes mellitus on insulin pump therapy for at least 12 months (n = 50, 18–70 years old) was undertaken between December 2013 and May 2014. A new questionnaire was developed to evaluate participants’ knowledge and management related to insulin pump therapy, and were correlated with insulin pump data, HbA1c and frequency of hypoglycaemia.ResultsParticipants who changed their insulin pump settings when indicated had significantly better glycaemic control than those who did not (P = 0.04). Multivariate logistic regression analysis found that better overall insulin pump therapy management was a significant predictor of better glycaemic control (odds ratio 4.45, 95% confidence interval 1.61–12.3; P = 0.004) after adjusting for potential confounders including age, gender, duration of diabetes and insulin pump therapy. However, overall insulin pump therapy knowledge was not a significant predictor of glycaemic control (P = 0.058). There was no significant association between frequency of hypoglycaemia and insulin pump therapy knowledge or management.ConclusionsWe identified some key knowledge and management factors associated with glycaemic control in adults with Type 1 diabetes mellitus on insulin pump therapy using a newly designed questionnaire. The pilot study assessed the clinical utility of this evaluation tool, which may facilitate provision of targeted education to insulin pump therapy users to achieve optimal glycaemic control.
A meta‐analysis of rate ratios for nocturnal confirmed hypoglycaemia with insulin degludec vs. insulin glargine using different definitions for hypoglycaemia
Authors: Heller S. , Mathieu C. , Kapur R. , Wolden M. L. , Zinman B. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimsA prospective meta‐analysis of phase 3 trials showed lower rates of nocturnal hypoglycaemia with insulin degludec vs. insulin glargine. We investigated the consistency of the results across different definitions of hypoglycaemia.MethodsThis post‐hoc, patient‐level meta‐analysis included six randomized, controlled, 26‐ or 52‐week phase 3a trials in insulin‐naïve participants with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (Type 2 diabetesinsulin naïve), participants with Type 2 diabetes mellitus using basal−bolus therapy (Type 2 diabetesBB) and those with Type 1 diabetes mellitus. We used three definitions of hypoglycaemia and different timescales for the nocturnal period. Rates were analysed for the entire core trial period, the ‘maintenance period’ only, and the extension trial set population. Analyses utilized a negative binomial regression model.ResultsIn Type 2 diabetesinsulin naïve participants, risk of nocturnal hypoglycaemia was significantly lower with insulin degludec vs. insulin glargine for all hypoglycaemia definitions and trial periods. Risk was also lower for the timescale 21.59–05.59, but not 00.01–07.59. For Type 2 diabetesBB, nocturnal hypoglycaemia rates were lower with insulin degludec vs. insulin glargine across all definitions, timescales and trial periods, with one exception. For individuals with Type 1 diabetes mellitus, nocturnal hypoglycaemia risk was significantly lower with insulin degludec during the maintenance period for the original definition (plasma glucose < 3.1 mmol/l, timescale 00.01–05.59) and in the extension trial set population for all hypoglycaemia definitions except for the nocturnal timescale 00.01–07.59.ConclusionsCompared with insulin glargine, insulin degludec is associated with lower rates of nocturnal hypoglycaemia in people with Type 2 diabetes mellitus, and similar or lower rates in Type 1 diabetes mellitus, across different definitions.
Annotations on a Scandal: Desire, Transgression, and the Filmic Fantasy of Pedagogy
Authors: Stillwaggon James , Jelinek David 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTFrom Socrates to Jean Brodie, we have become accustomed to teachers serving as placeholders for transgressive and powerful desires in our cultural imaginary. Evidenced by recent scholarship on teachers in film, however, as well as by the 2006 film Notes on a Scandal, the way we ought to feel about teachers acting on their transgressive motivations, realizing the cultural fantasies that shadow desire and break from social norms, is less clear. In this article James Stillwaggon and David Jelinek frame the problematic erotics of school films in terms of the fantasy of the subject presumed to know and the transgressive bliss of jouissance. Stillwaggon and Jelinek analyze Notes on a Scandal as a breakdown and reversal of the tradition of school films to which it is indebted and work from it toward an understanding of the unrecognized and often conflicted cultural commitments that shape teaching.
A synthesis of the effect of grazing exclusion on carbon dynamics in grasslands in China
Authors: Hu Zhongmin , Li Shenggong , Guo Qun , Niu Shuli , He Nianpeng , Li Linghao , Yu Guirui 
Published: October 2015

AbstractGrazing exclusion (GE) is considered to be an effective approach to restore degraded grasslands and to improve their carbon (C) sequestration. However, the C dynamics and related controlling factors in grasslands with GE have not been well characterized. This synthesis examines the dynamics of soil C content and vegetation biomass with the recovery age through synthesizing results of 51 sites in grasslands in China. The results illustrate increases in soil C content and vegetation biomass with GE at most sites. Generally, both soil C content and vegetation biomass arrive at steady state after 15 years of GE. In comparison, the rates of increase in above‐ and belowground biomass declined exponentially with the age of GE, whereas soil C content declined in a milder (linear) way, implying a lagged response of soil C to the inputs from plant biomass. Mean annual precipitation (MAP) and the rate of soil nitrogen (N) change were the main factors affecting the rate of soil C content change. MAP played a major role at the early stage, whereas the rate of soil N change was the major contributor at the middle and late stages. Our results imply that the national grassland restoration projects in China may be more beneficial for C sequestration in humid regions with high MAP. In addition, increased soil N supply to grasslands with GE at the latter recovery stage may enhance ecosystem C sequestration capacity.
Influence of Alluvial Morphology on Upscaled Hydraulic Conductivity
Authors: Jha Sanjeev Kumar , Mariethoz Gregoire , Mathews George , Vial John , Kelly Bryce F.J. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe hydraulic conductivity of aquifers is a key parameter controlling the interactions between resource exploitation activities, such as unconventional gas production and natural groundwater systems. Furthermore, this parameter is often poorly constrained by typical data used for regional groundwater modeling and calibration studies performed as part of impact assessments. In this study, a systematic investigation is performed to understand the correspondence between the lithological descriptions of channel‐type formation and the bulk effective hydraulic conductivities at a larger scale (Kxeff, Kyeff, and Kzeff in the direction of channel cross section, along the channel and in the vertical directions, respectively). This will inform decisions on what additional data gathering and modeling of the geological system can be performed to allow the critical bulk properties to be more accurately predicted. The systems studied are conceptualized as stacked meandering channels formed in an alluvial plain, and are represented as two facies. Such systems are often studied using very detailed numerical models. The main factors that may influence Kxeff, Kyeff, and Kzeff are the proportion of the facies representing connected channels, the aspect ratio of the channels, and the difference in hydraulic conductivity between facies. Our results show that in most cases, Kzeff is only weakly dependent on the orientations of channelized structures, with the main effects coming from channel aspect ratio and facies proportion.
Hormone receptor‐negative, thyroid transcription factor 1‐positive uterine and ovarian adenocarcinomas: report of a series of mesonephric‐like adenocarcinomas
Authors: McFarland Marie , Quick Charles M , McCluggage W Glenn 
Published: October 2015

AimsTo report a series of uterine corpus (n = 7) and ovarian (n = 5) neoplasms which we believe probably represent mesonephric adenocarcinomas based on their characteristic morphology and immunophenotype.Methods and resultsAll neoplasms exhibited a relatively constant and characteristic morphological appearance with an admixture of architectural patterns with small glands or tubules, some containing luminal eosinophilic colloid‐like material, typically predominating. Solid and papillary architectures were also often present. The nuclear features were characteristic with atypical angulated clear vesicular nuclei which often exhibited overlapping. All the tumours were ‘flat’ negative with oestrogen receptor and progesterone receptor and all except one exhibited nuclear staining with thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF1), which was often diffuse. All tumours exhibited wild‐type staining with p53. CD10, calretinin and GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) were positive in a variable proportion of the neoplasms.ConclusionsWe believe these neoplasms to represent mesonephric adenocarcinomas which have only rarely been reported to arise in the uterine corpus and never in the ovary. We recommend they be termed mesonephric‐like adenocarcinomas until their histogenesis is firmly established.
Virulence of entomopathogenic nematodes and their symbiotic bacteria against the hazelnut weevil Curculio nucum
Authors: Batalla‐Carrera L. , Morton A. , Garcia‐del‐Pino F. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe virulence of different entomopathogenic nematode strains of the families Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae, isolates from Catalonia (NE Iberian Peninsula), and their symbiotic bacteria was assessed with regard to the larvae and adults of the hazelnut weevil, Curculio nucum L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). The nematode strains screened included one Steinernema affine, five Steinernema feltiae, one Steinernema carpocapsae, one Steinernema sp. (a new species not yet described) and one Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. The pathogenicity of all the strains of nematodes was tested on larvae and only four of them on adults of the hazelnut weevil. Larval mortality ranged from 10% with S. affine to 79% with Steinernema sp. Adult mortality was higher in S. carpocapsae, achieving 100% adult weevil mortality. The pathogenicity of the symbiotic bacteria Xenorhabdus bovienii, X. kozodoii, X. nematophila and Photorhabdus luminescens was studied in larvae and adults of C. nucum. In the larvae, X. kozodoii showed a LT50 of 22.7 h, and in the adults, it was 20.5 h. All nematodes species except S. affine tested against larvae showed great potential to control the insect, whereas S. carpocapsae was the most effective for controlling adults.
Improved longitudinal resolution in tomographic diffractive microscopy with an ellipsoidal mirror
Authors: DING C. , TAN Z. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryTomographic diffractive microscopy is a technique, which is able to image transparent unstained samples with high resolution. The three‐dimensional distribution of the complex refractive index can be reconstructed quantitatively from the measured scattered fields under various illumination and detection angles, according to the diffraction tomography theorem. We propose a tomographic diffractive microscopy setup with an ellipsoidal mirror as the light collector. We demonstrate analytically and with numerical simulation that this approach permits to obtain images with drastically improved resolution.
Bias in Evaluating Erectile Function in Lifelong Premature Ejaculation Patients with the International Index of Erectile Function—5
Authors: Tang Y. , Wang Y. , Zhu H. , Jiang X. , Gan Y. , Yang J. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Lifelong premature ejaculation (LPE) is the most important ejaculating dysfunction. Relatively little is known about erectile function in this population.

Aims
We attempted to evaluate the erectile function of patients with LPE using the International Index of Erectile Function—5 (IIEF-5) to determine if it is sufficiently reliable and accurate to make such an assessment.

Methods
A total of 406 patients with LPE were enrolled in our study. The participants voluntarily answered the Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool (PEDT) and IIEF-5 questionnaires and underwent a full history evaluation and clinical examination by doctors. Their answers were converted into data analyzed by a statistic software.

Main Outcome Measures
The patients were diagnosed with LPE based on the diagnostic criteria and PEDT scores. The intravaginal ejaculation latency time was recorded according to patient self-reports. The IIEF-5 was used to evaluate their erectile function. Thorough history and clinical examination helped doctors make more correct diagnoses of erectile dysfunction (ED).

Results
Of the 406 patients, 70 (17.24%) patients had ED, as confirmed by doctors. IIEF-5 was accurate for the assessment of the erectile function of LPE patients when the cutoff was decreased to 15.5. Question 5 (1.34 ± 0.53) was the main reason for the drop in the total IIEF-5 score. Questions 1 and 5 shared low consistency with the other three IIEF-5 items, thus they lowered the reliability of the IIEF-5 scores. These questions created a confounding bias that decreased the diagnostic threshold of IIEF-5. However, they could not be removed from the IIEF-5 because they did not reduce its diagnostic accuracy in patients with LPE.

Conclusions
Bias from questions 1 and 5 lowered the reliability of the IIEF-5 scores; however, it did not reduce the diagnostic accuracy of the IIEF-5. The recommendation is to edit questions 1 and 5 when they are applied to populations with LPE.
Resolving Semantic Ambiguities in Sentences: Cognitive Processes and Brain Mechanisms
Authors: Vitello Sylvia , Rodd Jennifer M. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractFunctional MRI studies of how the brain processes sentences containing semantically ambiguous words have consistently implicated (i) the left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) and (ii) posterior regions of the left temporal lobe in processing high‐ambiguity sentences. This article reviews recent findings on this topic and relates them to (i) psycholinguistic theories about the underlying cognitive processes and (ii) general neuro‐cognitive accounts of the relevant brain regions. We suggest that the LIFG plays a general role in the cognitive control processes that are necessary to select contextually relevant meanings and to reinterpret sentences that were initially misunderstood, but it is currently unclear whether these control processes should best be characterised in terms of specific processes such as conflict resolution and controlled retrieval that are required for high‐ambiguity sentences, or whether its function is better characterised in terms of a more general set of ‘unification’ processes. In contrast to the relatively rapid progress that has been made in understanding the function of the LIFG, we suggest that the contribution of the posterior temporal lobe is less well understood and future work is needed to clarify its role in sentence comprehension.
Colony‐morphology screening uncovers a role for the Pseudomonas aeruginosa nitrogen‐related phosphotransferase system in biofilm formation
Authors: Cabeen Matthew T. , Leiman Sara A. , Losick Richard 
Published: October 2015

SummaryPseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen whose survival is aided by forming communities known as biofilms, in which cells are encased in a self‐produced matrix. We devised a mutant screen based on colony morphology to identify additional genes with previously unappreciated roles in biofilm formation. Our screen, which identified most known biofilm‐related genes, also uncovered PA14_16550 and PA14_69700, deletions of which abrogated and augmented biofilm formation respectively. We also identified ptsP, which encodes enzyme I of the nitrogen‐regulated phosphotransferase (PTSNtr) system, as being important for cyclic‐di‐GMP production and for biofilm formation. Further experiments showed that biofilm formation is hindered in the absence of phosphotransfer through the PTSNtr, but only in the presence of enzyme II (PtsN), the putative regulatory module of the PTSNtr. These results implicate unphosphorylated PtsN as a negative regulator of biofilm formation and establish one of the first known roles of the PTSNtr in P. aeruginosa.
Atomic force microscopy reveals a dual collagen‐binding activity for the staphylococcal surface protein SdrF
Authors: Herman‐Bausier Philippe , Dufrêne Yves F. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryStaphylococcus epidermidis causes nosocomial infections by colonizing and forming biofilms on indwelling medical devices. This process involves specific interactions between cell wall‐anchored (CWA) proteins and host proteins adsorbed onto the biomaterial. Here, we have explored the molecular forces by which the S. epidermidis CWA protein serine‐aspartate repeat protein F (SdrF) binds to type I collagen, by means of advanced atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques. Using single‐cell force spectroscopy, we found that SdrF mediates bacterial adhesion to collagen‐coated substrates through both weak and strong bonds. Single‐molecule force spectroscopy demonstrated that these bonds involve the A and B regions of SdrF, thus revealing that the protein is capable of dual ligand‐binding activity. Both weak and strong bonds showed high dissociation rates, indicating they are much less stable than those formed by the well‐characterized ‘dock, lock and latch’ mechanism. Collectively, our results show that CWA proteins can bind to ligands by novel mechanisms. We anticipate that AFM will greatly contribute to the identification of novel binding partners and binding mechanisms in staphylococcal CWA proteins.