bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sildenafil’s effectiveness in the primary coronary slow flow phenomenon: a pilot randomised controlled clinical trial
Authors: Andishmand Abbas , Seyedhosseini Seyedmostafa , Namayandeh Seyedeh Mahdieh , Adelzadeh Elnaz , Entezari Amin , Mirjalili Seyed Reza 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundOn the one hand, the primary coronary slow flow phenomenon (CSFP) can cause recurrence of chest pain, prompting medical examinations and further healthcare costs, while on the other hand, it can lead to myocardial infarction, ventricular arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death. Nevertheless, there is not any agreement on the optimal treatment for primary CSFP, so we decided to examine the effectiveness of sildenafil in this context.MethodsThis pilot study is a 12-week, triple-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial for receiving either 50 mg daily oral sildenafil or placebo. Twenty eligible patients aged 30–70 years from a tertiary hospital in Yazd were randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to two groups. The primary outcomes were the alterations in functional capacity (metabolic equivalents, METs), Duke treadmill score (DTS) and angina severity (Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) class). The study protocol registration code is IRCT20220223054103N1.ResultsThe angina severity in the Sildenafil group improved, with all receivers achieving a state of being asymptomatic during regular physical activity (CCS I). Whereas just 40% of the recipients in the placebo group achieved the same level of improvement (p=0.011). Mean METs at baseline were 9.9 (SD: 3.1) and at week 12 were 13.1 (SD: 3.3) for sildenafil and 9.56 (SD: 2.1) and 9.63 (SD: 2.4) for placebo (difference favouring sildenafil with a median increase of 3.1 (IQR: 1.1 to 4.1, p=0.008)). Median DTS scores at baseline were 3 (IQR: 0 to 9) and at week 12 were 9.5 (IQR: 7.75 to 15) for sildenafil and 7 (IQR: −1.5 to 9.25) and 8 (IQR: 1.5 to 11.25) for placebo (difference favouring sildenafil with a median increase of 5.5 (IQR: 1 to 9.2, p=0.01)).ConclusionsWe suggest that a daily low dose of sildenafil could be a valuable therapeutic option for primary CSFP.Trial registration numberIRCT20220223054103N1.
Defining characteristics of categorical general surgery resident lateral transfers
Authors: Mokhtari Ava K , Scrushy Marinda G , Mashbari Hassan Naser A , Saillant Noelle N , Dumas Ryan Peter , Bankhead Brittany K 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundFew studies describe rationales for intraspecialty (‘lateral’) general surgery (GS) resident program transfers.ObjectiveWe aimed to describe the key features of GS residency programs reporting lateral transfers, to characterize reasons behind transfer events, and to compare transferring resident skill sets against their new institutional peers.MethodsA survey was administered in October 2020 to capture program features and demographic information of residents who transferred into or out of a GS residency program during a 5-year period. This survey was approved and distributed by the Association of Program Directors in Surgery to all participating GS program directors and coordinators. Survey responses were collected, and descriptive analyses were performed.ResultsOf 69 program responses (21.5% survey response rate), 42 (61%) indicated the presence of any type of transfer event (in or out); 19 of 69 (27.5%) programs reported having at least one categorical GS resident transfer out, and 31 of 69 (44.9%) programs reported having at least one transfer in. Most transfer-out events (94.7%) were resident initiated, and the most commonly cited rationale was family obligation (78.9%). Most programs reported that residents who transferred in were on par with the existing resident cohort with respect to their medical knowledge, administrative abilities, and communication skills.ConclusionGS transfers were not uncommon and most were resident initiated secondary to family obligations. The majority of transfer resident skill sets met institutional expectations by the time of graduation. Programs surveyed were content with their decision to accept transfer residents.Level of evidenceIII.
Explainable AI and tree-based ensemble models: a comparative study in predicting chemical pulmonary toxicity
Authors: Jaganathan Keerthana , Geethika P. R. , Ramakrishnan Shanmugam , Sundaram Dhanasekar 
Published: August 2024

AbstractChemical-induced pulmonary toxicity, characterized by adverse respiratory effects from various drugs or chemicals, is increasingly becoming a point of concern for the pharmaceutical and chemical sectors, as well as public health. Traditional toxicity prediction methods are not only expensive but also demand significant time and effort. In response to these challenges, we focus on computational models to identify potential pulmonary toxicants early in the drug development process. Early identification of toxicity not only enhances the safety and efficiency of drugs and chemicals but also helps prevent late-stage drug withdrawals. In this study, we compared various sets of molecular descriptors and fingerprints using Mordred and RDKit software. We systematically employed feature selection techniques to identify the key molecular and structural features that significantly affect the model’s performance. We then applied a variety of tree-based ensemble machine-learning algorithms to build the proposed model, using a tenfold cross-validation methodology to enhance the model’s ability to predict pulmonary toxicity. We subsequently evaluated the proposed model’s performance using both a test set and a separate external validation set to assess reliability. The proposed optimal tree-ensemble model achieved an accuracy of 85.07% during tenfold cross-validation and 86.88% on the test set. Additionally, we applied the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) approach to gain deeper insights into the crucial molecular features influencing pulmonary toxicity predictions. Thus, the proposed model emerged as a promising tool for the early screening of potential pulmonary toxic compounds, enhancing chemical safety and providing interpretability for the predictions.
Characterization and Clinical Significance of Hemolysis After Pulsed Field Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation: Results of a Multicenter Analysis
Authors: Popa Miruna A. , Venier Sandrine , Menè Roberto , Della Rocca Domenico Giovanni , Sacher Frédéric , Derval Nicolas , Hocini Mélèze , Dulucq Stéphanie , Caluori Guido , Combes Stéphane , Albenque Jean-Paul , Saitta Federica , Haller Bernhard , Chierchia Gian-Battista , de Asmundis Carlo , Defaye Pascal , Boveda Serge , Jaïs Pierre 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:
Pulsed field ablation (PFA) is increasingly used in clinical practice for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. While the susceptibility of erythrocytes to electroporation is well established, the effect of cardiac PFA technologies on hemolysis has remained underreported. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence, severity, and clinical impact of PFA-induced hemolysis.

METHODS:
We included n=145 patients undergoing atrial fibrillation catheter ablation with a pentaspline PFA catheter (biphasic, bipolar pulses of 2 kV) and n=70 patients receiving radiofrequency ablation (40–90 W) at 4 high-volume European centers. The lesion set comprised pulmonary vein isolation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and pulmonary vein isolation±additional lesions for persistent atrial fibrillation. Hemolysis and renal function biomarkers were analyzed in blood samples at baseline, at the end of ablation, and 24 hours after the procedure.

RESULTS:

Baseline characteristics were well balanced between groups (overall mean 65.7±9.4 years; 69.3% men). The ablation procedures comprised a mean of 61.6±27.4 PFA deliveries and 26.3±15.0 minutes RF duration. Hemolysis was detected in 94.3% versus 6.8% of patients after PFA versus radiofrequency ablation (
P
<0.001): PFA was associated with significantly lower haptoglobin levels (0.5±0.4 versus 1.0±0.4 g/L), while free plasma hemoglobin (592.8±330.6 versus 147.8±183.0 mg/L), bilirubin (21.3±11.3 versus 14.8±8.8 µmol/L), and LDH (lactate dehydrogenase, 352.7±115.7 versus 253.2±56.5 U/L) were significantly higher after PFA compared with radiofrequency ablation (all
P
<0.001). Hemolysis correlated with the number of PFA deliveries (r=0.62 [95% CI, 0.33–0.80];
P
<0.001), with the highest severity occurring ≥54 PFA deliveries. After PFA, hemoglobinuria occurred in 36.4%, while creatinine increase was higher in patients with baseline glomerular filtration rate <50 mL/min than with baseline glomerular filtration rate >50 mL/min (Δcrea, 27.0±103.1 versus −0.2±12.1 µmol/L;
P
=0.010).

CONCLUSIONS:
Intravascular hemolysis is a frequent finding after PFA and increases with the number of PFA deliveries. Until the clinical impact of PFA-associated hemolysis is fully elucidated, a careful titration of PFA deliveries during the ablation procedure is warranted.
Prototype Analysis in Hopfield Networks With Hebbian Learning
Authors: McAlister Hayden , Robins Anthony , Szymanski Lech 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We discuss prototype formation in the Hopfield network. Typically, Hebbian learning with highly correlated states leads to degraded memory performance. We show that this type of learning can lead to prototype formation, where unlearned states emerge as representatives of large correlated subsets of states, alleviating capacity woes. This process has similarities to prototype learning in human cognition. We provide a substantial literature review of prototype learning in associative memories, covering contributions from psychology, statistical physics, and computer science. We analyze prototype formation from a theoretical perspective and derive a stability condition for these states based on the number of examples of the prototype presented for learning, the noise in those examples, and the number of nonexample states presented. The stability condition is used to construct a probability of stability for a prototype state as the factors of stability change. We also note similarities to traditional network analysis, allowing us to find a prototype capacity. We corroborate these expectations of prototype formation with experiments using a simple Hopfield network with standard Hebbian learning. We extend our experiments to a Hopfield network trained on data with multiple prototypes and find the network is capable of stabilizing multiple prototypes concurrently. We measure the basins of attraction of the multiple prototype states, finding attractor strength grows with the number of examples and the agreement of examples. We link the stability and dominance of prototype states to the energy profile of these states, particularly when comparing the profile shape to target states or other spurious states.
Predictive Representations: Building Blocks of Intelligence
Authors: Carvalho Wilka , Tomov Momchil S. , de Cothi William , Barry Caswell , Gershman Samuel J. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Adaptive behavior often requires predicting future events. The theory of reinforcement learning prescribes what kinds of predictive representations are useful and how to compute them. This review integrates these theoretical ideas with work on cognition and neuroscience. We pay special attention to the successor representation and its generalizations, which have been widely applied as both engineering tools and models of brain function. This convergence suggests that particular kinds of predictive representations may function as versatile building blocks of intelligence.
The Limitations of Large Language Models for Understanding Human Language and Cognition
Authors: Cuskley Christine , Woods Rebecca , Flaherty Molly 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Researchers have recently argued that the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) can provide new insights into longstanding debates about the role of learning and/or innateness in the development and evolution of human language. Here, we argue on two grounds that LLMs alone tell us very little about human language and cognition in terms of acquisition and evolution. First, any similarities between human language and the output of LLMs are purely functional. Borrowing the “four questions” framework from ethology, we argue that what LLMs do is superficially similar, but how they do it is not. In contrast to the rich multimodal data humans leverage in interactive language learning, LLMs rely on immersive exposure to vastly greater quantities of unimodal text data, with recent multimodal efforts built upon mappings between images and text. Second, turning to functional similarities between human language and LLM output, we show that human linguistic behavior is much broader. LLMs were designed to imitate the very specific behavior of human writing; while they do this impressively, the underlying mechanisms of these models limit their capacities for meaning and naturalistic interaction, and their potential for dealing with the diversity in human language. We conclude by emphasising that LLMs are not theories of language, but tools that may be used to study language, and that can only be effectively applied with specific hypotheses to motivate research.
Resistance from the Margins: ‘Untouchable’ Women’s Voices vis-à-vis the Gorkha Identity and the Gorkhaland Movement
Authors: Singh Jenisha , Singh Prabudh 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
One of the most conspicuous features of the Gorkhaland movement is the development of a strong sense of community that has subsumed many diverse voices within the dominant discourse of ethnicity. However, such ethno-nationalism is also problematic as it often results in the erasure of intersecting identity markers such as class, caste, and gender. In addition, the exclusive nature of the over-encompassing Nepali or Gorkha identity has led to harmful consequences for marginalized groups, particularly the lower castes. This paper thus brings to the fore alternative voices and perspectives, particularly those of women who come from the margins of caste society or who have been labelled as ideological adversaries. This paper further illustrates their unique experiences and perspectives, which are often ignored in mainstream discussions about the social reality of the Gorkhaland movement.
Exploring disparities of teleconsultation readiness: A comparative analysis of healthcare facilities in Indonesia
Authors: Nugroho Daniel Chriswinanto Adityo , Adisaputro Katherina , Sigilipoe Mitra Andini , Triastuti Ida Ayu , Hutomo Suryani , Septarda Ardhinta Bellano , Yuwono Aryososepti , Yusuf Caraka Randi , Sulistiawan Dedik , Gusbela Balqis , Hsu Jason C , Su Emily Chia-Yu 
Published: August 2024

Objectives To investigate the implementation of teleconsultation and assess the level of readiness for its adoption among various types of healthcare facilities Methods This cross-sectional study involved medical doctors working in a public hospital, a private hospital, and community health centers in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. We recruited 29 medical specialists from various departments in two hospitals and 27 heads of community health centers. The readiness items were categorized into sections that encompassed various readiness areas such as core, technological, motivational, learning, work culture, and policy readiness. Data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance and the Kruskal-Wallis test to evaluate differences in levels of readiness across healthcare facilities. A logistic regression analysis was conducted to further assess factors predicting the implementation of teleconsultation. Results Variations in technological readiness were observed between the community health centers and the public hospital ( p = 0.006) and the private hospital ( p = 0.007). Differences in learning readiness were found between the public hospitals and private hospitals ( p = 0.01). There were also disparities in cultural readiness between the public hospital and the private hospital ( p = 0.04) and between public hospital and community health centers ( p = 0.01). Logistic regression revealed an association between technological readiness and the use of video teleconsultation (OR  = 1.13; p = 0.017). The private hospital was more likely to implement video-based teleconsultation than was the public hospital (OR  = 2.68; p = 0.003) or community health centers (OR  = 3.13; p ≤ 0.001). Conclusion Significant differences in technology readiness were identified among community health centers, public hospitals, and private hospitals. Future policy implementation should focus on customizing technology use and providing cultural training to help healthcare institutions with different technological readiness levels.
Interleukin-6, -17, and -35 levels in association with clinical status in stage III and stage IV periodontitis: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Altaca Müge , Cebesoy Elif Ilke , Kocak-Oztug Necla Asli , Bingül Ilknur , Cifcibasi Emine 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
This study compared the concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17, and IL-35 in the gingival crevicular fluid of periodontally healthy participants with individuals who had stage III and IV periodontitis.

Methods
In total, 60 participants with stage III grade B-C (n = 12)—stage IV grade C (n = 18) periodontitis and 30 healthy controls were included in this cross-sectional study. Full-mouth clinical periodontal measurements were performed. Concentrations of IL-6, IL-17, and IL-35 were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Parametric/nonparametric methods, Pearson’s/Spearman’s correlation, and logistic regression methods were used for data analyses.

Results
The periodontitis group exhibited significantly higher levels of IL-6, IL-17, and IL-35 compared with the healthy group (p < 0.001). IL-17 levels had a positive correlation with pocket depth (PD) (r = 0.395; p = 0.031) in the periodontitis group. IL-6, IL-17, and IL-35 levels were associated with periodontitis (odds ratio [OR] = 1.344, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.159–1.56; OR = 1.063, 95% CI = 1.025–1.102; OR = 1.261, 95% CI = 1.110–1.434, respectively) (p < 0.001, p = 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). Full-mouth and sampling sites PD and clinical attachment loss (CAL) values were significantly higher in the periodontitis group than in the healthy group (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
This study revealed upregulated levels of IL-6, IL-17, and IL-35 in periodontitis patients compared to healthy individuals. IL-17 shows a correlation with increased PD. These findings suggest a potential association between these cytokines and severe and advanced periodontitis.

Trial registration
The trial was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov with this identifier NCT05306860 on 24/01/2022.
Organoids and chimeras: the hopeful fusion transforming traumatic brain injury research
Authors: Bellotti Cristina , Samudyata Samudyata , Thams Sebastian , Sellgren Carl M. , Rostami Elham 
Published: August 2024

AbstractResearch in the field of traumatic brain injury has until now heavily relied on the use of animal models to identify potential therapeutic approaches. However, a long series of failed clinical trials has brought many scientists to question the translational reliability of pre-clinical results obtained in animals. The search for an alternative to conventional models that better replicate human pathology in traumatic brain injury is thus of the utmost importance for the field. Recently, orthotopic xenotransplantation of human brain organoids into living animal models has been achieved. This review summarizes the existing literature on this new method, focusing on its potential applications in preclinical research, both in the context of cell replacement therapy and disease modelling. Given the obvious advantages of this approach to study human pathologies in an in vivo context, we here critically review its current limitations while considering its possible applications in traumatic brain injury research.
Reconstructing the local structures of Chinese ancient architecture using unsupervised depth estimation
Authors: Yao Xiaoling , Hu Lihua , Zhang Jifu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Digitalization of ancient architectures is one of the effective means for the preservation of heritage structures, with 3D reconstruction based on computer vision being a key component of such digitalization techniques. However, Chinese ancient architectures are located in mountainous areas, and existing 3D reconstruction methods fall short in restoring the local structures of these architectures. This paper proposes a self-attention-guided unsupervised single image-based depth estimation method, providing innovative technical support for the reconstruction of local structures in Chinese ancient architectures. First, an attention module is constructed based on features extracted from architectural images learned by the encoder, and then embedded into the encoder-decoder to capture the interdependencies across local features. Second, a disparity map is generated using the loss constraint network, including reconstruction matching, smoothness of the disparity, and left-right disparity consistency. Third, an unsupervised architecture based on binocular image pairs is constructed to remove any potential adverse effects due to unknown scale or estimated pose errors. Finally, with the known baseline distance and camera focal length, the disparity map is converted into the depth map to perform the end-to-end depth estimation from a single image. Experiments on the our architecture dataset validates our method, and it performs well also well on KITTI.
Predictive factors of facial nerve function after medium/large vestibular schwannoma surgery: relationships between time of surgery, dimensions and size of resection
Authors: Armocida Daniele , Pesce Alessandro , Ciarlo Silvia , Marzetti Francesco , Frati Alessandro , Santoro Antonio 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Vestibular schwannomas (VS) are slowly growing tumor, deriving from the vestibular component of cranial nerve VIII. Primary treatment modalities include microsurgery, radiosurgery, a combination of microsurgery and radiosurgery, and conservative treatment. The management of VS is a matter of debate, particularly in case of small tumors (less than 2 cm in diameter size).

Methods
We performed an institutional retrospective review of a consecutive series of 28 surgically treated patients suffering from VS, operated in our institution. Patients were assigned on the ground of the preoperative imaging in two groups: tumors with major diameter of extra-meatal portion measuring ≥ 3 cm (Group I, 16 patients) and tumors with major diameter < to 3 cm (Group II, 12 patients).

Results
The total amount of 18/28 patients were females; the average age was 60.1 years. The average duration of the preoperative symptoms was 25.2 months, while the average interval between the diagnosis and surgical treatment was 8.68 months. The average preoperative volume was, respectively, for Group I and II tumors of 14.35 cm3 and 3.73 cm3. Age was associated to the duration of the preoperative symptoms (r = − 364; p = 0.044), with the probability to develop a complication (p = 0.031) and preoperative low HB score (r = − 324; p = 0.040). The presence of hypoacusis as preoperative symptom was strongly associated to a lesser postoperative maximum diameter and smaller residual disease (p = 0.014). Group I had a significantly longer hospitalization period in respect to Group II (p = 0.001) that impacted negatively to postoperative performance status (r = 0.368, p = 0.042).

Conclusions
We confirmed the strong association between age and size of the lesion and the clinical results, where larger lesions in older patients are more prone to complications than smaller in young patients. We found that the patients presenting hypoacusis at onset were associate to lesser preoperative FN impairment outlining a possible differential involvement of the CN related to the internal meatus. We also introduce the strong association of Koos grade with postoperative performance status, hospitalization and facial nerve functionality.