bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Geometrical Parameters on the Performance of Longitudinal Functionally Graded Femoral Prostheses
Authors: Oshkour Azim Ataollahi , Talebi Hossein , Seyed Shirazi Seyed Farid , Yau Yat Huang , Tarlochan Faris , Abu Osman Noor Azuan 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis study aimed to assess the performance of different longitudinal functionally graded femoral prostheses. This study was also designed to develop an appropriate prosthetic geometric design for longitudinal functionally graded materials. Three‐dimensional models of the femur and prostheses were developed and analyzed. The elastic modulus of these prostheses in the sagittal plane was adjusted along a gradient direction from the distal end to the proximal end. Furthermore, these prostheses were composed of titanium alloy and hydroxyapatite. Results revealed that strain energy, interface stress, and developed stress in the femoral prosthesis and the bone were influenced by prosthetic geometry and gradient index. In all of the prostheses with different geometries, strain energy increased as gradient index increased. Interface stress and developed stress decreased. The minimum principal stress and the maximum principal stress of the bone slightly increased as gradient index increased. Hence, the combination of the femoral prosthetic geometry and functionally graded materials can be employed to decrease stress shielding. Such a combination can also be utilized to achieve equilibrium in terms of the stress applied on the implanted femur constituents; thus, the lifespan of total hip replacement can be prolonged.
A Distributed Model: Redefining a Robust Research Subject Advocacy Program at the Harvard Clinical and Translational Science Center
Authors: Winkler Sabune J. , Cagliero Enrico , Witte Elizabeth , Bierer Barbara E. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe Harvard Clinical and Translational Science Center (“Harvard Catalyst”) Research Subject Advocacy (RSA) Program has reengineered subject advocacy, distributing the delivery of advocacy functions through a multi‐institutional, central platform rather than vesting these roles and responsibilities in a single individual functioning as a subject advocate. The program is process‐oriented and output‐driven, drawing on the strengths of participating institutions to engage local stakeholders both in the protection of research subjects and in advocacy for subjects’ rights. The program engages stakeholder communities in the collaborative development and distributed delivery of accessible and applicable educational programming and resources. The Harvard Catalyst RSA Program identifies, develops, and supports the sharing and distribution of expertise, education, and resources for the benefit of all institutions, with a particular focus on the frontline: research subjects, researchers, research coordinators, and research nurses.
Clinical and Translational Research Capacity Building Needs in Minority Medical and Health Science Hispanic Institutions
Authors: Estapé‐Garrastazu Estela S. , Noboa‐Ramos Carlamarie , De Jesús‐Ojeda Lizbelle , De Pedro‐Serbiá Zulmarie , Acosta‐Pérez Edna , Camacho‐Feliciano Delia M. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA preliminary needs assessment was conducted among faculty and students of three minority medical and health science institutions comprising the Puerto Rico Clinical and Translational Research Consortium (PRCTRC). The Web‐based survey was focused on evaluating the training interests in the clinical and translational research core areas and competencies developed by the National Institutes of Health‐Clinical and Translational Sciences Award. The survey was the result of a team effort of three PRCTRC key function's leaderships: Multidisciplinary Training and Career Development, Tracking and Evaluation and Community Research and Engagement. The questionnaire included 45 items distributed across five content areas including demographics, research training needs, training activities coordination and knowledge about the services offered by the PRCTRC. Analysis of research needs includes a sample distribution according to professor, assistant/associate professor and graduate students. The thematic area with highest response rate among the three groups was: “Identify major clinical/public health problems and relevant translational research questions,” with the competency “Identify basic and preclinical studies that are potential testable clinical research hypothesis.” These preliminary results will guide the training and professional development of the new generation of clinical and translational researchers needed to eliminate health disparities.
An assessment of riparian restoration outcomes in two rural catchments in south‐western Victoria: Focusing on tree and shrub species richness, structure and recruitment characteristics
Authors: Wevill Tricia , Florentine Singarayer K. 
Published: May 2014

SummaryRiparian ecosystems are among the most degraded systems in the landscape, and there has been substantial investment in their restoration. Consequently, monitoring restoration interventions offers opportunities to further develop the science of riparian restoration, particularly how to move from small‐scale implementation to a broader landscape scale. Here, we report on a broad range of riparian revegetation projects in two regions of south‐western Victoria, the Corangamite and Glenelg‐Hopkins Catchment Management Areas. The objectives of restoration interventions in these regions have been stated quite broadly, for example, to reinstate terrestrial habitat and biodiversity, control erosion and improve water quality. This study reports on tree and shrub composition, structure and recruitment after restoration works compared with remnant vegetation found regionally. Within each catchment, a total of 57 sites from six subcatchments were identified, representing three age‐classes: <4, 4–8 and >8–12 years after treatment, as well as untreated (control) sites. Treatments comprised fencing to exclude stock, spraying or slashing to reduce weed cover, followed by planting with tube stock. Across the six subcatchments, 12 reference (remnant) sites were used to provide a benchmark for species richness, structural and recruitment characteristics and to aid interpretation of the effects of the restoration intervention. Vegetation structure was well developed in the treated sites by 4–8 years after treatment. However, structural complexity was higher at remnant sites than at treated or untreated sites due to a higher richness of small shrubs. Tree and shrub recruitment occurred in all remnant sites and at 64% of sites treated >4 years ago. Most seedling recruitment at treatment sites was by Acacia spp. This assessment provides data on species richness, structure and recruitment characteristics following restoration interventions. Data from this study will contribute to longitudinal studies of vegetation processes in riparian landscapes of south‐western Victoria.
Microsite factors influencing Eucalyptus regeneration in temperate woodlands
Authors: Wilson Nicholas , Gibbons Philip 
Published: May 2014

SummaryNatural regeneration of Eucalyptus is a major problem for the restoration and preservation of temperate woodlands. South‐eastern Australia experienced a period of above average rainfall from mid‐2010 to early 2011, creating favourable conditions for localised Eucalyptus regeneration. We conducted a case–control study comparing sites where natural regeneration from seed was present and absent. Vegetation cover, soil condition and hydrophobicity, as well as shelter objects and landscape position, were recorded to identify what influences natural regeneration from seed. Using conditional logistic regression, we found the odds of regeneration occurring increased with uphill slope angle and herbaceous cover. Our results suggest that, during periods of high rainfall, stable microsites that capture seed and resources are most likely to support Eucalyptus regeneration.
X‐ray structure of a novel l‐ribose isomerase acting on a non‐natural sugar l‐ribose as its ideal substrate
Authors: Yoshida Hiromi , Yoshihara Akihide , Teraoka Misa , Terami Yuji , Takata Goro , Izumori Ken , Kamitori Shigehiro 
Published: May 2014

l‐Ribose, a pentose, is not known to exist in nature. Although organisms typically do not have a metabolic pathway that uses l‐ribose as a carbon source, prokaryotes use various sugars as carbon sources for survival. Acinetobacter sp. DL‐28 has been shown to express the novel enzyme, l‐ribose isomerase (AcL‐RbI), which catalyzes reversible isomerization between l‐ribose and l‐ribulose. AcL‐RbI showed the highest activity to l‐ribose, followed by d‐lyxose with 47% activity, and had no significant amino acid sequence similarity to structure‐known proteins, except for weak homology with the d‐lyxose isomerases from Escherichia coli O157 : H7 (18%) and Bacillus subtilis strain (19%). Thus, AcL‐RbI is expected to have the unique three‐dimensional structure to recognize l‐ribose as its ideal substrate. The X‐ray structures of AcL‐RbI in complexes with substrates were determined. AcL‐RbI had a cupin‐type β‐barrel structure, and the catalytic site was found between two large β‐sheets with a bound metal ion. The catalytic site structures clearly showed that AcL‐RbI adopted a cis‐enediol intermediate mechanism for the isomerization reaction using two glutamate residues (Glu113 and Glu204) as acid/base catalysts. In its crystal form, AcL‐RbI formed a unique homotetramer with many substrate sub‐binding sites, which likely facilitated capture of the substrate.DatabaseThe atomic coordinates and structure factors of AcL‐RbI/l‐ribose, AcL‐RbI/l‐ribulose, AcL‐RbI/ribitol, E204Q/l‐ribose and E204Q/l‐ribulose have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank under accession codes, 4Q0P, 4Q0Q, 4Q0S, 4Q0U and 4Q0V.Structured digital abstract• AcL-RbI and AcL-RbI bind by x-ray crystallography (View interaction).
Surviving the effects of barotrauma: assessing treatment options and a ‘natural’ remedy to enhance the release survival of line caught pink snapper (Pagrus auratus)
Authors: McLennan M. F. , Campbell M. J. , Sumpton W. D. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA new technique to ameliorate the effects of barotrauma was tested based on observations of pink snapper, Pagrus auratus (Forster), inadvertently piercing their everted stomach with their teeth and releasing trapped swim bladder gases. This technique was termed buccal venting and involved piercing the everted stomach protruding into the buccal cavity or out of the mouth with a 16‐gauge hypodermic needle (a practice previously not encouraged). Short‐term (~3 days) survival of buccal‐vented fish was not significantly different from laterally vented fish nor untreated controls. Both buccal and lateral venting techniques were shown to cause no harm and allowed fish to return to depth. The short‐term (1–3 days) post‐release survival of line caught snapper was 88% with no significant difference in survival across three depth ranges tested (37–50, 51–100 and 101–180 m). Survival of sublegal pink snapper (<35 cm TL) was not significantly different (P > 0.05) from that of legal‐sized fish (≥35 cm TL). Healing of the swim bladder was observed in 27% of pink snapper dissected after ≤3 days in captivity, and healing of stomachs was observed in 64% of pink snapper that had been buccal vented. Relatively high post‐release survival rates of line caught pink snapper may offer some protection for snapper stocks where high fishing pressure and legal size restrictions result in the majority of the catch having to be released.
Relative income, absolute income and the life satisfaction of older adults: do retirees differ from the non‐retired?
Authors: Boodoo Umar M. A. , Gomez Rafael , Gunderson Morley 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe examine life‐satisfaction of older adults using a representative sample of Canadian individuals aged 45+. Our findings confirm a long line of employment relations research on the importance of ‘relational concerns’ in that: (i) income relative to the average for a given person's gender, age, region and marital status (relative income) matters more in improving life satisfaction as a whole than does absolute personal income; (ii) the relationship between relative income and happiness is much stronger for the non‐retired than retired persons, likely reflecting the importance of comparisons among peers at the workplace; and (3) absolute personal income does have a small positive relationship with life satisfaction but only for retirees and not for the non‐retired.
First Report of Phytoplasma (16SrI) Associated with Yellow Decline Disease of Royal Palms [Roystonea regia (Kunth) O. F. Cook] in Malaysia
Authors: Naderali Neda , Vadamalai Ganesan , Nejat Naghmeh , Ling Kong L. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractRoyal Palms (Roystonea regia) with symptoms such as severe chlorosis, stunting, collapse of older fronds and general decline were observed in the state of Selangor, Malaysia. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification with phytoplasma universal primer pair P1/P7 followed by R16F2N/R16R2 and fU5/rU3 as nested PCR primer pairs, all symptomatic plants tested positively for phytoplasma. Results of phylogenetic and virtual RFLP analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the phytoplasma associated with Royal Palm yellow decline (RYD) was an isolate of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris’ belonging to a new 16SrI‐subgroup. These results show that Roystonea regia is a new host for the aster yellows phytoplasma (16SrI). This is the first report on the presence of 16SrI phytoplasma on Royal Palm trees in Malaysia.
‘It's nice to have something to do’: early‐onset dementia and maintaining purposeful activity
Authors: Roach P. , Drummond N. 
Published: May 2014

Accessible summary
Prevalence of dementia is expected to increase globally, and as such, so is the demand on health, social, legal and financial services.
It is important to understand the experience and needs of families living with dementia in order to reduce the direct and indirect costs of dementia.
Maintaining purposeful activity (work or volunteering) may help to preserve the person with dementia's dignity and sense of self and also facilitate carers and family members to continue to work and support the person with dementia.
The provision of high‐quality and age‐specific day programmes for younger people with dementia can potentially play a significant role in providing this purposeful activity in a safe and supportive environment.
AbstractAs the global focus on dementia care increases due to the demand on health, social, legal and financial services, it is imperative to further understand the experience of those living with a diagnosis of dementia. There is a particular lack of research focused on younger people (under the age of 65 years) with dementia and virtually none focuses on the experience of the family unit. The literature suggests that periods of transition place significant stressors on families living with dementia. One such transition is the transition out of perceived purposeful activity, be this employment or voluntary work. This transition was explored during the course of a qualitative repeated interview study with younger people with dementia and their families. Nine families (20 participants) took part in semi‐structured research interviews that were transcribed and analyzed using a Framework approach to qualitative analysis. Meaningful Activity emerged as a major theme through this analysis. Two subthemes also emerged: (1) the traumatic cessation of work; and (2) the need for purposeful activity. These themes have significant clinical implications as maintaining a purposeful role through high‐quality, age‐specific dementia services may decrease the direct and indirect costs of dementia to global economies.
Training mental health nurses to provide motivational interviewing on an inpatient eating disorder unit
Authors: Dray J. , Gilchrist P. , Singh D. , Cheesman G. , Wade T.D. 
Published: May 2014

Accessible summary
Brief manualized training over a 4‐week period in motivational interviewing (MI) in conjunction with patient worksheets, session audio recordings and independent ratings of adherence and competence resulted in mental health nurses (MHNs) on an inpatient eating disorder ward significantly improving their MI adherence and competence.
Despite the brevity of the training, MHNs' satisfaction with the training was high.
When compared with a similar time period on the ward before MI training, premature discharge rates were significantly lower after MI was utilized by the nurses.
AbstractThis study examined whether: (1) brief training in motivational interviewing (MI) can prepare mental health nurses (MHNs) to provide MI to patients; and (2) this MI impacts on patients with respect to premature discharge. Six MHNs on an inpatient eating disorder unit were trained in MI, and their treatment adherence and competence were evaluated at post‐training and 2‐month follow‐up. Premature discharge was examined by comparing a 3‐month period in 2009 before MI administration with 2010 when MI was being administered. MHNs significantly improved their MI adherence and competence. Satisfaction with the training was high as was patient satisfaction with MI. Premature discharge rates significantly decreased. Brief training in MI is sufficient to significantly increase competency and adherence in the practice of MI by MHNs, which may in turn be effective in improving patients' treatment adherence by reducing premature discharge rates. Future research will need to utilize a randomized controlled design in order to further investigate these findings.
Determination of physical characteristics, chemical composition and digestion coefficients of treated lemon pulp with Saccharomyces cerevisiae in goat diet
Authors: Dadvar P. , Dayani O. , Mehdipour M. , Morovat M. 
Published: May 2014

SummaryThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of processing of lemon pulp with Saccharomyces cerevisiae on physical properties, chemical composition, digestion coefficients and blood parameters. Eight adult male Raeini goats were used in a 28‐day period. The experimental design was a completely randomised design with two treatments and four replicates. The first 21 days were for adaptation, and the last 7 days were for collecting samples. The animals were housed in individual metabolic cages equipped with a urine–faeces separator and were fed with diet containing alfalfa hay (60%) and lemon pulp (40%) at the maintenance level. Collected data were subjected to analysis of completely randomised design. With diet containing processed lemon pulp, functional specific gravity, bulk density, soluble dry matter, percentage of crude protein, neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre and crude ash were significantly increased and water‐holding capacity, insoluble dry matter, insoluble ash percentage of dry matter, organic matter, crude fat, non‐fibrous carbohydrates and nitrogen‐free extract were significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Digestion coefficient of organic matter in dry matter and metabolisable energy were also decreased in treated lemon pulp (p < 0.05). Compared with untreated lemon pulp, digestibility of crude protein and NDF was higher (p < 0.05), but digestibility of crude fat was lower (p < 0.05). In general, processing of lemon pulp with S. cerevisiae improved the physical characteristics and increased the percentage of crude protein and the digestion coefficients of protein and NDF.
Association between children's exposure to a violent event and objectively and subjectively measured sleep characteristics: a pilot longitudinal study
Authors: Spilsbury James C. , Babineau Denise C. , Frame Jennifer , Juhas Kimberly , Rork Kristine 
Published: May 2014

SummaryAlthough sleep disturbances are commonly reported among children exposed to violence, objective evidence of such disturbances is rare. This longitudinal, home‐based study assessed the effects of a known community‐ or family‐violence incident on both actigraphy‐derived and subjectively reported sleep outcomes of an ethnically mixed, urban sample of children aged 8–16 years. We hypothesized that increased event severity (child physical assault, witnessed homicide) would be associated with lower sleep duration and poorer sleep quality both at baseline and at 3‐month follow‐up. Covariate‐adjusted analyses based on a generalized estimating equations approach showed that children physically assaulted during the event showed lower sleep duration and sleep efficiency and greater wake after sleep onset than those not physically assaulted. Physically assaulted children were more likely to have a later bedtime than non‐assaulted children, but this difference decreased at 3 months. Children witnessing a homicide showed greater wake after sleep onset at baseline and reported greater sleep problems than those witnessing a non‐homicide event, but these differences decreased at 3 months. They were also somewhat more likely to have greater nightly variation in sleep duration. Collectively, results suggest that violence exposure influences children's sleep, but that specific dimensions of sleep may exhibit different susceptibility to different characteristics of violence, especially over time.
The Effect of Kombucha Starter Culture on the Gelation Process, Microstructure and Rheological Properties during Milk Fermentation
Authors: Vukic Vladimir R. , Hrnjez Dajana V. , Kanuric Katarina G. , Milanovic Spasenija D. , Iličic Mirela D. , Torbica Aleksandra M. , Tomic Jelena M. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis study is concerned with the effect of kombucha starter culture on the rheological properties, texture and microstructure as well as on the protein fractions in different phases of milk fermentation. The results were compared with those obtained for the samples prepared with yoghurt and probiotic starters. Quality parameters in the course of fermentation at 42C were measured at the pH values of 5.4, 5.1, 4.8 and 4.6. The viscosity values measured at pH 5.4 indicate similarity of the gelation processes taking place in the samples involving kombucha and probiotics. The sample produced with kombucha had the highest value of complex modulus, which resulted in better rheological characteristics of the final product. The earlier onset of the gelation process induced significant differences among the samples in the microstructure at pH 5.4. The analysis of the protein profile revealed better stability of α and β casein fractions compared with the other protein fractions in particular phases of milk fermentation.Practical ApplicationsAlthough the method of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been already used to study the properties of the final product, the studies of the microstructural changes occurring in the course of yoghurt production are still lacking. As the application of kombucha in milk fermentation is still an attractive research topic, the authors found it interesting to include SEM into the set of methods for studying milk fermentation. Therefore, the objective of this research was to investigate the changes in the viscosity and texture during milk fermentation by a nonconventional starter – kombucha inoculum – and to establish the correlation of examined properties and the microstructure of the gel. The presented results represent a significant contribution to the understanding of the process of milk fermentation using different starter cultures related to the rheological characteristics of the gel. These characteristics and their changes are of significant practical importance for the process optimization and quality enhancement of new fermented milk product obtained by kombucha application.