bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of dewatering ofPinus radiatasapwood using supercritical CO2and conventional forced air-drying viain situmagnetic resonance microimaging (MRI)
Authors: Meder Roger , Franich Robert A. , Callaghan Paul T. , Behr Volker C. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA comparison of moisture loss fromPinus radiatasapwood by conventional forced air-drying and a novel supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) dewatering process has been examinedin situusing magnetic resonance microimaging. Air-drying results in the nonuniform removal of moisture within the wood volume, leading to a dry core and wet perimeter where water evaporated, whereas the scCO2dewatering process resulted in moisture expulsion more uniformly throughout the volume of the specimen, especially so within the earlywood.
AC/DC Power Flow Computation Based on Improved Levenberg–Marquardt Method
Authors: Cao Jia , Yan Zheng , Fan Xiang , Xu Xiaoyuan , Li Jianhua , Cao Lu 
Published: January 2015

AbstractUnder the case of ill-conditioning system, this paper is concerned with the AC/DC power flow calculation. The improved Levenberg–Marquardt (ILM) method with adaptive damping factor selection is applied to solve the AC/DC power flow problem. The main purpose of this paper is as follows: one is to provide comparison reference between Newton method, classical LM method (CLM) and ILM method under the well-conditioning system; the other is to research what is the maximal load withstood by power system, under the case of ill-conditioning. Finally, those methods are tested on the 22-bus, the IEEE 118-bus AC/DC system, respectively. Numerical results indicate that the ILM method has the advantage of fast convergent speed. When expanding loads in a certain extent, ILM method can at least find least square solutions, whereas Newton method and CLM method would divergent, and the convergent property of Newton method can be improved by taking some measurements using the information of a least square solution obtained by ILM method.
Anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties of Corchorus olitorius aqueous root extract in Wistar rats
Authors: Owoyele Bamidele V. , Oyewole Aboyeji L. , Alimi Modupe L. , Sanni Shukurat A. , Oyeleke Sabitiu A. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract

Background: This study was designed to provide information about the antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects of Corchorus olitorius root.

Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into six groups of five animals each; the control and reference groups were administered normal saline (10 mL/kg) and indomethacin (5 mg/kg), respectively, whereas the remaining four groups were administered aqueous extract of C. olitorius at doses of 25, 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg, respectively. Pyrexia was induced by injecting 10 mL/kg of 20% (w/v) brewer’s yeast suspension into the dorsum of rats, whereas inflammation was induced through an injection of 0.1% carrageenan into the right hind paw of each rat and through a subcutaneous implantation of a 30-g sterilized cotton pellet into the groin of each rat.

Results: The results showed that C. olitorius root extract (p<0.05) decreased the elevated temperature after brewer’s yeast injection compared with the 17 h (pre-drug) temperature. In the inflammatory tests, the paw sizes and granuloma weights in the test groups were significantly (p<0.05) decreased compared with the control group.

Conclusions:
Corchorus olitorius root is another good source of phytomedicine that can be used effectively to treat inflammation and pyrexia that accompany some diseases.
On generalized cross validation for stable parameter selection in disease models
Authors: Smirnova Alexandra , Martcheva Maia , Liu Hui 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
In this paper we study advantages and limitations of the Generalized Cross Validation (GCV) approach for selecting a regularization parameter in the case of a partially stochastic linear irregular operator equation.
The research has been motivated by an inverse problem in epidemiology, where the goal was to reconstruct a time dependent treatment recovery rate for plasmodium falciparum, the most dangerous form of malaria. Initial numerical simulations gave rise to a theoretical analysis of the expected value of the GCV function and the efficiency of the GCV method for different noise levels. It was shown that, as opposed to L-curve, the GCV does not necessarily generate a systematic error in the value of the regularization parameter for Tikhonov's stabilizing algorithm.
NsGTFA: A GUI Tool to Easily Measure Network Performance through the Ns2 Trace File
Authors: Ibrahim Idris Skloul , King Peter J.B. , Loidl Hans-Wolfgang 
Published: January 2015

AbstractNs2 is an open-source communications network simulator primarily used in research and teaching. Ns2 provides substantial support for simulation of TCP, routing, and multicast protocols over wired and wireless networks. Although Ns2 is a widely used powerful simulator, it lacks a way to measure networks that are used to assess reliability and performance metrics (e.g., the number of packets transferred from source to destination, delay in packets, packet loss, etc.) and it does not analyse the trace files it produces. The data obtained from the simulations are not straightforward to analyse. Ns2 is still unable to provide any data analysis statistics or graphics as requested. Moreover, the analysis of the Ns2 trace file using any software scripts requires further steps by a developer to do data processing and then produce graphical outputs. Lack of standardisation of tools means that results from different users may not be strictly comparable. There are alternative tools; however, most of them are not standalone applications, requiring some additional libraries. Also, they lack a user-friendly interface. This article presents the architecture and development considerations for the NsGTFA (Ns2 GUI Trace File Analyser) tool, which intends to simplify the management and enable the statistical analysis of trace files generated during network simulations. NsGTFA runs under Windows and has a friendly graphical user interface. This tool is a very fast standalone application implemented in VC++, taking as input an Ns2 trace file. It can output two-dimensional (2D) and 3D graphs (points, lines, and bar charts) or data sets, whatever the trace file format (Tagged, Old, or New). It is also possible to specify the output of standard network performance metrics. NsGTFA satisfies most user needs. There is no complex installation process, and no external libraries are needed.
Effect of Single-Ruler Electromagnetic Braking (EMBr) Location on Transient Flow in Continuous Casting
Authors: Thomas B. G. , Singh R. , Vanka S. P. , Timmel K. , Eckert S. , Gerbeth G. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractUltrasonic Doppler velocimetry measurements and large eddy simulations were conducted on a laboratory-scale physical model of a steel continuous slab caster with a low-melting alloy, both with and without an applied single-ruler magnetic field in one of two different vertical orientations. The computational model agreed very closely with the measurements in all respects, including time-averaged flow, velocity profiles, and transient velocity histories at specific locations. The magnetic field altered both the classic double-roll flow pattern and the flow stability. Lowering the magnetic field below the nozzle caused steeper downward jet angles, lower surface velocities, lower turbulent kinetic energy at the surface, and better flow stability, especially toward the surface, and at higher frequencies. The experimental and computational results both show that the electromagnetic field should not be placed with its maximum directly across the nozzle ports, where it may aggravate unstable flow.
Sources of inertia in an expanding universe
Authors: Prytz Kjell 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
In a cosmological perspective, gravitational induction
is explored as a source to mechanical inertia in
line with Mach’s principle. Within the standard model of
cosmos, considering the expansion of the universe and the
necessity of retarded interactions, it is found that the assumed
dynamics may account for a significant part of an
object’s inertia.
Optimal control for stochastic differential delay equations with Poisson jumps and applications
Authors: Shi Jingtao 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
This paper is concerned with the optimal control problem for stochastic differential delay equations with Poisson jumps, in which both state and control delays are involved. We obtain the necessary and sufficient maximum principles for the optimal control by virtue of the duality method and the anticipated backward stochastic differential equations with Poisson jumps. An optimal consumption rate problem is discussed to illustrate the applications of our results.
Bayesian inference for Markov jump processes with informative observations
Authors: Golightly Andrew , Wilkinson Darren J. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn this paper we consider the problem of parameter inference for Markov jump process (MJP) representations of stochastic kinetic models. Since transition probabilities are intractable for most processes of interest yet forward simulation is straightforward, Bayesian inference typically proceeds through computationally intensive methods such as (particle) MCMC. Such methods ostensibly require the ability to simulate trajectories from the conditioned jump process. When observations are highly informative, use of the forward simulator is likely to be inefficient and may even preclude an exact (simulation based) analysis. We therefore propose three methods for improving the efficiency of simulating conditioned jump processes. A conditioned hazard is derived based on an approximation to the jump process, and used to generate end-point conditioned trajectories for use inside an importance sampling algorithm. We also adapt a recently proposed sequential Monte Carlo scheme to our problem. Essentially, trajectories are reweighted at a set of intermediate time points, with more weight assigned to trajectories that are consistent with the next observation. We consider two implementations of this approach, based on two continuous approximations of the MJP. We compare these constructs for a simple tractable jump process before using them to perform inference for a Lotka-Volterra system. The best performing construct is used to infer the parameters governing a simple model of motility regulation in
Formation of Anisometric Fumed Silica Supraparticles – Mechanism and Application Potential
Authors: Sperling Marcel , Velev Orlin D. , Gradzielski Michael 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The self-assembly of colloidal particles into
well-defined structures, such as anisometric ones, has shown to
be both a challenging and promising field in today's research. We
report a detailed analysis of the processes of drying and the
associated colloidal assembly-induced deformation of aqueous
droplets containing fumed silica (FS) on a superhydrophobic
surface. The use of FS as colloidal building block can lead to the
formation of anisometric supraparticles by droplet deformation due to
the formation of a dense silica shell at the water-air interface. We
demonstrate how this can be done in a controlled way by adjusting the
initial suspension's ionic strength using NaCl. An interpretation of
the critical deformation point is given and we derive an empirical
formula to predict the extent of anisometry depending on the initially
applied salt and FS concentration. By addition of polystyrene
microspheres we prove the general applicability of this method to
droplets containing dispersions of various types of colloidal
material, thereby forming hybrid supraparticles. This allows for
introducing additional functionality to anisometric particles
prepared with FS.
Interaction of Aqueous Solution of Sulphamethoxazole Drug with Diglycine by Volumetric Method at Different Temperatures
Authors: Pal Amalendu , Soni Surbhi 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The interaction of diglycine with sulphamethoxazole drug as a function
of temperature and concentration have been investigated by volumetric
method. The density of ternary mixture of diglycine
(0.002–0.01 mol  ·  kg
–1) in aqueous
sulphamethoxazole drug (0.001–0.01 mol  ·  kg
–1)
solution have been measured using Anton Paar DSA 5000 instrument at
T = (288.15  to  308.15) K. The apparent
molar volumes V

φ
, partial molar volume at infinite dilution
V

φ

0, transfer partial molar volume Δ
tr
V

φ

○, partial molar expansibility E
2

o
, thermal
expansion coefficient α
2, and Hepler's constant (∂C

P

∞/∂P)
T
are calculated from density
data. The above parameters are used to interpret the solute-solute and
solute-solvent interactions of diglycine in aqueous solution of
sulphamethoxazole drug. Hydration number and interaction coefficients
have also been calculated from these data. Dehydration of diglycine is
observed, rising with the temperature and drug molality. These results
are explained on the basis of drug-water-amino acid interactions. The
data suggest that interaction between ions and charged/hydrophilic
groups are predominant.
Ab initio Variational Transition State Theory and Master Equation Study of the Reaction (OH)3SiOCH2 + CH3 ⇌ (OH)3SiOC2H5
Authors: Nurkowski Daniel , Klippenstein Stephen J. , Georgievskii Yuri , Verdicchio Marco , Jasper Ahren W. , Akroyd Jethro , Mosbach Sebastian , Kraft Markus 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
In this paper we use variable reaction coordinate variational
transition state theory (VRC-TST) to calculate the reaction
rate constants for the two reactions, R1:
(OH)3SiOCH2 + CH3 ⇌ (OH)3SiOC2H5,
and R2:
CH2OH + CH3 ⇌ C2H5OH. The
first reaction is an important channel during the thermal
decomposition of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), and its rate
coefficient is the main focus of this work. The second
reaction is analogous to the first and is used as a basis for
comparison. The interaction energies are obtained on-the-fly
at the CASPT2(2e,2o)/cc-pVDZ level of
theory. A one-dimensional correction to the sampled energies
was introduced to account for the energetic effects of
geometry relaxation along the reaction path. The computed,
high-pressure rate coefficients were calculated to be, R1:
k
1 = 2.406 × 10−10
T
−0.301 exp (− 271.4/T) cm3 molecule
–1 s
–1
and R2:
k
2 = 1.316 × 10−10
T
−0.189 exp (− 256.5/T) cm3 molecule
–1 s
–1. These
rates differ from each other by only 10% – 30%
over the temperature range
300–2000 K. A comparison of the computed rates
with experimental data shows good agreement and an improvement
over previous results. The pressure dependency of the reaction
R1 is explored by solving a master equation using helium as
a bath gas. The results obtained show that the reaction is
only weakly pressure dependent over the temperature range
300–1700 K, with the predicted rate constant
being within 50% of its high-pressure limit at
atmospheric pressure.
Quantitative Reevaluation of the Effects of Short- and Long-Term Removal of Descending Modulatory Inputs on the Pyloric Rhythm of the Crab,Cancer borealis
Authors: Hamood Albert W. , Haddad Sara A. , Otopalik Adriane G. , Rosenbaum Philipp , Marder Eve 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe crustacean stomatogastric ganglion (STG) receives descending neuromodulatory inputs from three anterior ganglia: the paired commissural ganglia (CoGs), and the single esophageal ganglion (OG). In this paper, we provide the first detailed and quantitative analyses of the short- and long-term effects of removal of these descending inputs (decentralization) on the pyloric rhythm of the STG. Thirty minutes after decentralization, the mean frequency of the pyloric rhythm dropped from 1.20 Hz in control to 0.52 Hz. Whereas the relative phase of pyloric neuron activity was approximately constant across frequency in the controls, after decentralization this changed markedly. Nine control preparations kept for 5–6 din vitromaintained pyloric rhythm frequencies close to their initial values. Nineteen decentralized preparations kept for 5–6 d dropped slightly in frequency from those seen at 30 min following decentralization, but then displayed stable activity over 6 d. Bouts of higher frequency activity were intermittently seen in both control and decentralized preparations, but the bouts began earlier and were more frequent in the decentralized preparations. Although the bouts may indicate that the removal of the modulatory inputs triggered changes in neuronal excitability, these changes did not produce obvious long-lasting changes in the frequency of the decentralized preparations.
Atypical Subtrochanteric Femoral Fracture Below an Arthritic Hip
Authors: Yuasa Takahito , Maezawa Katsuhiko , Taniguchi Yu , Aritomi Kentaro , Kaneko Kazuo 
Published: January 2015

Case:
We present a case of a sixty-nine-year-old woman with an atypical subtrochanteric femoral fracture below an arthritic hip; the patient had a history of long-term bisphosphonate treatment. We performed a one-stage total hip arthroplasty with a plate and cables because the healing of atypical femoral fractures in patients with a history of bisphosphonate use can be prolonged.

Conclusion:
The combined use of a plate and total hip arthroplasty is a potential intervention for atypical proximal femoral fractures associated with hip arthritis.
Volatility Forecasting Using Financial Statement Information
Authors: Sridharan Suhas A. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT
This paper examines whether financial statement information can predict future realized equity volatility incremental to market-based equity volatility forecasts. I use an analytical framework to identify accounting-based drivers of realized volatility. My main hypothesis is that accounting-based drivers can be used to forecast future realized volatility incremental to either past realized volatility or option-implied volatility. I confirm this empirically and document abnormal returns to an option-based trading strategy that takes a long (short) position in firms with financial statement information indicative of high (low) future realized volatility. These results suggest that accounting-based volatility drivers may serve as useful indicators of variance risk. Finally, I demonstrate that the incorporation of accounting-based fundamental information into forecasting models yields lower forecast errors relative to models based solely on past realized volatility.
Mandatory Disclosure and Firm Behavior: Evidence from Share Repurchases
Authors: Bonaimé Alice Adams 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT
This paper examines changes in corporate behavior around the 2003 modification to SEC Rule 10b-18, which mandates enhanced disclosure of repurchase transactions. Firms announce significantly fewer and slightly smaller open market repurchase plans in the enhanced disclosure environment. However, completion rates (the amount of stock repurchased as a percentage of the announced amount) significantly increase. More conservative announcement strategies and more aggressive completion rates are consistent with a decline in false signaling. Indeed, open market repurchase announcements are viewed as more credible, on average, in the enhanced disclosure environment; after controlling for firm characteristics, cumulative abnormal announcement returns are significantly greater in the high disclosure period. As with any analysis based on a regulatory change affecting all firms simultaneously, other unobservable, macroeconomic trends could have affected repurchase behavior. Nonetheless, these results are consistent with significant changes in corporate behavior around new mandatory disclosures.
JEL Classifications: G14; G30; G35; G38; M48; K22
The Effectiveness of Credit Rating Agency Monitoring: Evidence from Asset Securitizations
Authors: Bonsall Samuel , Koharki Kevin , Neamtiu Monica 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT
This study investigates how differences between the rating agencies' initial (at the date of debt issuance) and subsequent (post-issuance) monitoring incentives affect securitizing banks' rating accuracy. We hypothesize that the agencies have stronger incentives to monitor issuers when providing initial versus post-issuance ratings. We document that initial ratings are positively associated with off-balance sheet securitized assets and incrementally associated with on-balance sheet retained securities. However, subsequent ratings fail to capture current exposure to off-balance sheet securitizations. We also find that subsequent ratings reflect default risk less accurately than initial ratings. The subsequent ratings' responsiveness to default risk is worse when a bank has more off-balance sheet securitized assets. Collectively, our findings are consistent with lax post-issuance monitoring. They raise questions about the effectiveness of using ratings as an ongoing contracting mechanism and suggest that conclusions about rating accuracy could differ depending on whether researchers focus on initial versus post-issuance ratings.
Interaction between Accounting Standards and Monetary Policy: The Effect of SFAS 115
Authors: Meder Anthony A. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT
I examine the effect of marketable security holdings on monetary policy when those securities are classified under SFAS 115. Prior research has shown that loan growth is negatively related to monetary contractions, and that marketable security holdings mitigate that negative relationship. Those studies consider the securities in aggregate; I am the first to consider the securities classification in conjunction with monetary policy. I ask whether held-to-maturity securities, relative to non-held-to-maturity securities, are negatively related to loan growth. I find that the held-to-maturity securities are more negatively related to loan growth, relative to non-held-to-maturity securities. I also find that held-to-maturity securities are incrementally more negatively related to loan growth during monetary tightening, relative to non-tightening times. Finally, I find that both of these effects are stronger for small banks, relative to large banks. Given the findings, I conclude that held-to-maturity securities actually enhance, not mitigate, the effect of monetary tightening on bank lending.
The Effects of Auditor Rotation, Professional Skepticism, and Interactions with Managers on Audit Quality
Authors: Bowlin Kendall O. , Hobson Jessen L. , Piercey M. David 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT
We examine whether the effect of mandatory auditor rotation on audit quality depends on the mental frame auditors adopt in evaluating management representations. In practice, auditors can alternately frame their assessments of management representations in terms of their potential dishonesty (what we term skepticism) or potential honesty. Using psychology theory and a laboratory experiment, we predict and find that mandatory rotation improves audit quality when an auditor takes an honesty frame, but that this effect reverses when an auditor takes a skeptical frame. Thus, the benefit of using a skeptical frame occurs when auditors do not rotate, but requiring rotation can reduce audit effort for auditors using a skeptical frame. An implication of our study is that focusing auditors on a skeptical assessment frame rather than mandating auditor rotation may be a less costly way to reduce low-effort audits and aggressive reporting.