bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Charcot neuroarthropathy due to Congenital Insensitivity to Pain With Anhidrosis: A case report and literature review
Authors: Hu Yunan , Zhang Lei , Zhu Yanlin , FU Weili 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Charcot neuroarthropathy (CN) is a systemic disorder characterized by pathological changes in the musculoskeletal system, leading to fractures, dislocations, and deformities of multiple bones and joints. While diabetes mellitus, leprosy, sickle cell disease, poliomyelitis, and chronic alcoholism are common underlying causes of CN, it has also been associated with Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (CIPA). Nevertheless, there are fewer reports of such diseases and a single treatment modality. This paper presents a case of a a 13-year-old girl diagnosed with bilateral Charcot neuroarthropathy combined with congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis. This study discusses the pathophysiology, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches and reviews the relevant literature.
Case presentation
We reported a case of a 13-year-old girl with Charcot neuroarthropathy (CN) of the left knee joint, which was secondary to congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (CIPA). She suffered an unexplained fracture of the left phalanx 2 months after birth, and subsequently, multiple fractures occurred repeatedly throughout her body, primarily in the weight-bearing bones of the lower limbs. Two years prior to presentation, she experienced recurrent swelling of the left knee joint after hiking. Since that episode, her left knee joint continued to swell repeatedly. We established arthroscopic approaches to the left knee, debrided the hyperplastic synovial tissue, opened the joint capsule at the posterior aspect of the knee joint, removed the posterior loose body of the medial femoral condyle with a medullary forceps, and then debrided the damaged cartilaginous surface and intra-articular debris with a paring knife. At present, the overall treatment outcome is satisfactory, and she remains under follow-up observation.
Conclusions
Adolescent patients can be treated with good outcomes after undergoing left knee arthroscopy. Understanding the potential determinants, health risks, and complications associated with CIPA progression helps surgeons make informed decisions for their patients. Currently, the overall treatment outcome is satisfactory, and she is still under follow-up observation.
First characterization of cultivable skin bacteria in the synanthropic anuran Scinax x-signatus (ANURA: HYLIDAE) in northeast Brazil
Authors: Santos Lara Valesca Mendonça da Costa , Santos Alcina Gabriela Maria Medeiros da Fonsêca , de Souza Paula Mariana Salgueiro , Almeida Anna Carolina Soares , de Moura Geraldo Jorge Barbosa 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Some amphibians’ species adapted to the urban ecosystem – synanthropic - can have their cryptic interactions with microorganisms altered. In the case of anurans, the skin bacterial microbiota plays a fundamental role in host protection. However, it is not known how the composition and diversity of the skin microbiota of Scinax x-signatus, a synanthropic anuran, behaves in different fragments. In this study, we describe the culturable bacteria from the skin of individuals of the anthropic anuran Scinax x-signatus by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene obtained from the amplified product of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Skin swab samples were collected from 11 S. x-signatus, 4 in a natural area and 7 in an anthropized area. Bacteria were isolated using different rich and selective culture media. A total of 20 bacterial isolates were identified, being 7 in control area and 13 in anthropized area, represented by the families Enterobacteriaceae (54.6%; n = 7), Bacillaceae (18.2%; n = 2) and Moraxellaceae (18.2%; n = 2). Among their representatives, we report Enterobacter as the most frequent genus and highlight the first report of Escherichia coli. This first report of culturable skin bacteria of Scinax x-signatus, together with the first record of E. coli, improves our knowledge of the skin microbiome of amphibians, contributing to their conservation and the maintenance of environmental health.
Ectopic thyroid carcinoma in central airway with normally located goiterous thyroid gland: A case report
Authors: LI Cai-li , ZHOU Wei , CHEN Mo , LI Shuo , CHEN Bao-yuan , FENG Jing 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background: ectopic thyroid tissue is a developmental disorder and is extraordinarily rare to occur in the central airway. To our knowledge, nearly few reports of primary ectopic thyroid carcinoma in the central airway with a normal eutopic thyroid gland have been published to date. This is the second case about malignant central airway obstruction caused by primary ectopic thyroid carcinoma.
Case presentation: 65-year-old male was admitted to hospital for coughing accompanied by wheezing that recent exacerbated at night.The chest computed tomography scan revealed a soft tissue-density mass within the central trachea.The mass was removed and pathological analysis showed that it was ectopic thyroid carcinoma surprisingly. The goitrous thyroid gland was found in its expected location.
Conclusion: Ectopic thyroid carcinoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a pathological mass located in central airway.
Comparing Myocardial Perfusion Scan Findings in Patients With and Without Covid-19
Authors: Moasses-Ghafari Bahar , Choupani Sahar , Jahanbin Sajed , Lotfi Reza , Rahmani Khaled 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background and aim:
Covid-19 is a pandemic viral disease involving multi organ systems including cardiovascular system, directly or indirectly. SPECT GATED MPI is a non-invasive nuclear medicine imaging modality to evaluate the myocardial perfusion and function. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Covid-19 pandemic on myocardial perfusion imaging for ischemic heart disease.
Methods This was a cross-sectional (descriptive-analytical) study conducted on 750 patients needing myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) who referred to the nuclear medicine center of Kowsar hospital, a teaching hospital in Sanandaj, the center for Kurdistan province located in northwest of Iran. Data collection was done during the Covid-19 pandemic, between 6 April 2020 and 21 March 2021. Data analyses were conducted in SPSS using independent sample T test and Chi-square.
Results A total of 750 patients, including 328 (43.7%) Covid-19 positive and 422 (56.3%) Covid-19 negative, were entered in the analysis. Although Covid-19 infected Obese patients had significantly higher rate of abnormal MPI (P< 0.0001), no significant difference was observed between the two groups regarding abnormal MPI (p=0.551).
Conclusion The absence of a significant discrepancy in abnormal MPI occurrence between the two groups suggests that there may be Covid-19 patients with potentially abnormal MPI who have gone undetected. Additionally, Covid-19 patients with pleural chest pain, myalgia, or dyspnea could have been misdiagnosed with chest pain secondary to heart disease.
Case Report: Neonatal Presentation of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Accompanied by Isolated Cleft Palate
Authors: SAKA SULYMON AYOBAMI 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), particularly due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency, is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by impaired cortisol synthesis, leading to severe clinical manifestations such as adrenal crises and atypical genitalia in 46,XX neonates. Isolated cleft palate (ICP) is a congenital anomaly resulting from incomplete palatal shelf fusion and is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Concurrent presentations of CAH and ICP are extremely rare.
Case Presentation: Here, we report the case of a 19-day-old neonate born to Nigerian parents who presented with ambiguous genitalia and cleft palate. Initial evaluations revealed hyperkalaemia, hyponatremia, and metabolic acidosis, indicative of salt-wasting CAH. Genitourinary examination revealed partial labioscrotal fold fusion, clitoromegaly, and the absence of vaginal opening. Despite financial limitations restricting comprehensive diagnostic tests, the diagnosis of CAH was supported by clinical findings and initial laboratory results. The neonate received appropriate treatment for hyperkalaemia and hormone deficiencies. Multidisciplinary consultations were sought for the management of both CAH and ICP.
Conclusion: This case highlights the rare co-occurrence of CAH and ICP, emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach for effective management. This underscores the necessity for early diagnosis and integrated care to improve patient outcomes. Further research is warranted to explore potential associations and enhance the clinical understanding of such complex congenital anomalies.
Classification of cases of pre-eruptive intra-coronal resorption
Authors: Naicker Jade , Smit Chané , Uys Andre 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Resorption mechanisms triggered in teeth can lead to lesions, especially in instances of impacted dentition. Evidence of these lesions can be detected via radiographic imaging and are often classified as pre-eruptive intra-coronal resorption (PIR). These resorptive lesions do not typically present with symptoms of pain or discomfort, however, it is hypothesized that these cases may progress and affect more than ⅔ of the dental width.
Methods
This case series investigated 15 panoramic radiographs of patients who presented with abnormal radiolucent intracoronal zones or PIR lesions within unerupted teeth. Once the affected teeth were confirmed, an observer with 20 years of experience in oral and maxillofacial radiology scored the PIR lesion according to an established classification system.
Results
Twenty cases of PIR lesions were observed amongst the 15 subjects investigated with 75% of cases being located in the maxillary teeth. Lesions mostly presented in molars and premolars (70% of cases). Resorption was detected in the dentin or near the pulp of the tooth in 95% of cases with the most common scoring having resulted in lesions affecting more than ⅔ of the dentine, the enamel and between ⅓-⅔ of dentine as well as dentine and less than ⅓ of the root.
Conclusion
Further understanding of the progression and diagnosis of this defect can assist experts in conceptualizing its aetiology and advice on the most effective treatment plan for patients.
Local Ketorolac Infiltration for Postoperative Pain in Open Trigger Finger Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Auwattanamongkol Thanat , Laohaprasitiporn Panai , Monteerarat Yuwarat , Limthongthang Roongsak , Vathana Torpon 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Multimodal analgesia is crucial for effective postoperative pain management in minor hand surgeries, enhancing patient satisfaction. The use of local wound infiltration with Ketorolac as an adjuvant pain management strategy is proposed for open trigger finger release surgery. This study aims to compare pain scores and functional outcomes between local wound infiltration with Ketorolac and oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Methods
This study is a double-blind, parallel design, randomized controlled trials. Sixty-nine patients underwent trigger finger surgery between December 2021 and October 2022 were randomized into one of three groups: oral Ibuprofen alone group, local Ketorolac alone group and local Ketorolac with oral Ibuprofen group. The assessment included postoperative numeric rating scale (NRS) pain score, Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score, grip strength, mobility of proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint. and complications.
Results
NRS pain scores during movement of the operated fingers were significantly lower at 6 hours in local Ketorolac alone group and local Ketorolac with oral Ibuprofen group compared to oral Ibuprofen alone group. However, there were no significant differences between the groups in postoperative DASH scores, grip strength, mobility of PIP joints, and complications.
Conclusions
Local infiltration of Ketorolac is safe for use as an adjuvant postoperative pain management and provides superior pain control during finger movement within the first 6 hours following trigger finger surgery compared to oral NSAIDs.
Clinical trial registration:
Thaiclinicaltrials.org identifier: TCTR20210825002. Registered 25/08/2021. https://www.thaiclinicaltrials.org/show/TCTR20210825002
Trial registration
This clinical trial was registered in the Thai Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR) on 25/08/2021: register number TCTR20210825002. https://www.thaiclinicaltrials.org/show/TCTR20210825002
Antidepressant Potential of Anacardium Occidentale Linn.: A Phytochemical, in Vivo, and in Silico Evaluations
Authors: Senjobi Comfort T. , Senjobi Abimbola H. , Soremekun Oladimeji E. , Olugbogi Ezekiel A. , Adehin Oluwatobiloba H. , Lawal Iretiola O. , James-Edwards ldoko S. , Arietarhire Leviticus O. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Clinical depression, a prevalent mental disorder, poses significant challenges worldwide, coupled with the adverse effects of its current pharmacotherapies. This study explores the antidepressant potential of Anacardium occidentale, a plant known for its pharmacological properties, aiming to offer a safer, more effective alternative for treating clinical depression. We conducted qualitative phytochemical screening of A. occidentale leaves and assessed the antidepressant activity using behavioural tests (Tail Suspension Test and Forced Swim Test) on Swiss albino mice. Additionally, molecular docking and pharmacokinetic screening were performed to evaluate the interaction and efficacy of the plant’s bioactive compounds with serotonin and norepinephrine transporters. The phytochemical analysis identified multiple bioactive compounds, predominantly alkaloids and phenolics. Behavioural tests indicated significant antidepressant activity at dosages of 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg, comparable to the standard drug Amitriptyline. Molecular docking highlighted strong binding affinities of the bioactive compounds, particularly Epigallocatechin and Quercetin, to serotonin and norepinephrine transporters. Pharmacokinetic profiles suggested favourable absorption and metabolic characteristics, although some compounds exhibited potential toxicity risks. In conclusion, A. occidentale demonstrated potential as an effective natural antidepressant, influenced by its rich phytochemical content. The computational and in vivo findings suggest that specific compounds could serve as viable candidates for further drug development, with the potential to mitigate the limitations of current antidepressant therapies. Further research is recommended to validate these findings and advance clinical applications.
The Landscape of Medicare Policies for Gender-affirming Surgeries in Canada: An Environmental Scan.
Authors: Gwun Dave , Snow Brennan , Potter Emery , Walker Rachel Loewen , Millman Alexandra L. , Krakowsky Yonah , Lorello Gianni R. , Du Mont Janice , Barker Lucy C. , Lezard Percy , Sivagurunathan Marudan , Urbach David , Armstrong Kathleen 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Many studies have described barriers to gender-affirming surgery (GAS) in Canada; however, few have explored why these barriers persist. To address this knowledge gap, we sought to describe documents related to public health insurance (Medicare) for GAS to identify the types of procedures covered, variations in coverage across provinces and territories, and changes in policy over time.
Methods
We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study using an environmental scan approach. We queried 23 government websites, the Google search engine, and an online legal database between July 2022 and April 2024 to gather gray literature documents related to GAS and Medicare. Variables from relevant documents were compiled to create a present, at-glance overview of GAS Medicare coverage for all provinces and territories and a timeline of policy changes across Canada.
Results
Eight provinces and three territories had documents or websites related to GAS Medicare coverage (85%). We identified 15 GAS procedures that were covered variably across Canada. Yukon (n = 14) covered the most types of GAS, while Quebec and Saskatchewan covered the least (n = 6). Mastectomy and genital surgeries were covered across Canada, but other GAS were rarely covered. Five provinces and territories provided coverage for travel-related costs. Our GAS Medicare timeline showed differential expansion of GAS coverage in Canada over the last 25 years.
Conclusions
We provide previously unreported information regarding GAS Medicare coverage in Canada. We hope our findings will help patients and healthcare providers navigate a complicated public healthcare system. We also highlight barriers within GAS Medicare documents and make recommendations to alleviate those barriers.
Effects of activities participation on frailty of older adults in China
Authors: Ni Zihan , Zhu Xiuyuan , Shen Yuxin , Zhu Xiaoying , Xie Shiyu , Yang Xiaoguang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background and objective
Frailty represents a significant health challenge among older adults, necessitating effective interventions to enhance their overall well-being. This study aims to investigate the impact of various types of activity participation on frailty in older adults and to elucidate their intrinsic associations, thereby providing a basis for targeted interventions.
Methods
The study utilized the data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS 2020). The research employed multiple linear regression and mediation analysis to explore the effects of different types of activities on the frailty status of older adults and their underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, propensity score matching was conducted to robustly test the regression results.
Results
The study found that physical, social, economic, information and sleep activities all had significant positive effects on the frailty status of older adults. Additionally, physical activity was illustrated to alleviate frailty status by improving sleep duration, and information activity could further increase social activity participation among older adults, thus improving frailty status.
Conclusion
Older adults should enhance their participation in various activities to alleviate frailty. This can be primarily achieved through the following three aspects: engaging in moderate physical exercise, fostering and promoting awareness of volunteer services, and popularizing the use of information technology.
Isolation of human pathogenic Candida species colonising plastic wastes: environmental screening for drug resistance, thermotolerance, and virulence of ‘WHO Priority Fungal Pathogens’
Authors: Metcalf Rebecca , Akinbobola Ayorinde , Quilliam Richard S. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Plastic pollution can provide an important substrate for the survival and dissemination of a range of human pathogens, and could increase potential transfer routes to humans. Recently, five species of the pathogenic yeast Candida have been classified as priority fungal pathogens by the WHO, yet viable pathogenic species of Candida have never before been isolated from environmental plastic pollution. Therefore, we tested whether plastic pollutants in freshwater, estuarine, and marine environments were colonised by Candida. We successfully isolated five species (C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. krusei, C. sojae, C. pseudolambica), which includes two that are on the WHO fungal priority pathogens list. All environmental isolates were resistant to at least one antifungal drug, thermotolerant to human body temperature, and in many cases more pathogenic than comparable clinical isolates (when virulence was assessed in a Galleria mellonella model of infection). The incidence of candidiasis, particularly by drug resistant strains, is globally increasing, and it is therefore critical that we increase our focus on the environmental persistence of these pathogens, and the role of environmental plastic pollution as novel transfer routes for enhanced human exposure.
Testing preload responsiveness by the tidal volume challenge assessed by the plethysmographic perfusion index
Authors: BRUSCAGNIN Chiara , SHI Rui , ROSALBA Daniela , FOUQUE Gaelle , HAGRY Julien , LAI Christopher , DONADELLO Katia , TEBOUL Jean-Louis , MONNET Xavier 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
To detect preload responsiveness in patients ventilated with a tidal volume (Vt) at 6 mL/kg, the Vt challenge consists in increasing Vt from 6 to 8 mL/kg and measuring the induced increase in pulse pressure variation (PPV). However, this requires an arterial catheter. The perfusion index (PI), which reflects the amplitude of the plethysmographic signal, may reflect stroke volume and its respiratory variation (pleth variability index, PVI) may be a surrogate of PPV. We assessed whether changes in PVI or PI during a Vt challenge could be as reliable as changes in PPV for detecting preload responsiveness.
Methods
In critically ill patients mechanically ventilated with Vt = 6 mL/kg and no spontaneous breathing activity, monitored with a PiCCO2 system and a Masimo SET technique (sensor placed on the finger or the forehead), haemodynamic data were recorded during a Vt challenge and a passive leg raising (PLR) test. Preload responsiveness was defined by a PLR-induced increase in cardiac index ≥ 10%.
Results
Among 63 screened patients, 21 were excluded because of an unstable PI signal and/or atrial fibrillation. Among the 42 included patients, 16 were preload responders. During the Vt challenge in preload responders, PPV (absolute change), PI measured on the finger (percent change), PVI measured on the finger (absolute change), PI measured on the forehead (percent change) and PVI measured on the forehead (absolute change) changed by 4.4 ± 1.9%, -14.5 ± 10.7%, 1.9 ± 2.6%, -18.7 ± 10.9 and 1.0 ± 2.5, respectively. All these changes were significantly larger than in preload non-responders.