bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biologia de Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) em Algodoeiro de Fibra Colorida Tratado com Silício
Authors: Silva Alex Antônio , Alvarenga Roberta , Moraes Jair Campos , Alcantra Eliana 
Published: April 2014

A lagarta Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) é praga-chave da cultura do milho e a cada ano sua ocorrência na cultura algodoeira têm aumentado, causando danos severos desde a fase de plântula até a maturação. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito do silício na biologia de S. frugiperda em algodoeiro de fibra branca e colorida. Os bioensaios foram conduzidos com duas cultivares de algodão, a BRS Cedro (fibras brancas) e BRS Verde (fibras verdes), com e sem aplicação de silício. O silício foi aplicado como solução de ácido silícico a 1 %, na dosagem equivalente a 3 t/ha de SiO2. Avaliaram-se os seguintes parâmetros biológicos: mortalidade larval, duração da fase larval e pupal, viabilidade de pupa, peso das pupas, razão sexual, longevidade dos adultos, machos e fêmeas e o número de ovos/fêmea. Verificou-se que a aplicação de silício aumentou apenas a mortalidade de lagartas alimentadas com folhas da BRS Cedro, não demonstrando nenhum efeito nas lagartas quando aplicado na BRS Verde. Além disso, na cultivar BRS Cedro, em comparação com a cultivar BRS Verde, houve menor peso de pupa e menor produção de ovos/fêmea.
Biology of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Colored Cotton Treated with Silicon
Abstract. The caterpillar Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) is a key pest of the corn culture and each year its occurrence in the cotton culture has increased, causing severe damage from the seedling phase to maturation. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the silicon on the biology of S. frugiperda in white and colored fiber cotton plants. The bioassays were conducted with two cultivars of cotton, BRS Cedro (white fibers) and BRS Verde (green fibers), with and without silicon application. The silicon was applied as a solution of 1% silicon acid, at a dosage equivalent to 3 ton/ha of SiO2. The following biological parameters were evaluated: larval mortality, duration of the larval and pupal phase, pupal viability, pupal weight, gender ratio, adult longevity of males and females and the number of eggs/female. It was verified that the silicon application only increased the mortality of caterpillars fed with BRS Cedro leaves, not demonstrating any effect on the caterpillars when applied on BRS Verde. Furthermore, the BRS Cedro cultivar, when compared to the BRS Verde cultivar, presented a lower pupal weight and a lower eggs/female production.
Conocimiento escolar, ciencia, institución y democracia
Authors: Morante Jesús Romero 
Published: April 2014

Las escaramuzas dialécticas provocadas por el flamante discurso de las "competencias" no han contribuido a sacar el debate sobre el conocimiento escolar de su atonía actual. Entre otras razones, por su insuficiente perspectiva, por sus notorias omisiones y por reducir los términos de este debate a un dualismo superficial y desmemoriado. Urge, por ello, seguir repensando y problematizando el curriculum. A tal fin, lo que este artículo plantea es ampliar la mirada con otros niveles de análisis que permitan hacer aflorar y "desfamiliarizar" las presuposiciones tácitas acerca de la naturaleza y la dinámica del curriculum que acostumbran a darse por sentadas. En este sentido, se argumentará en favor de la necesidad imperiosa de otro género de aproximación "ontológica", diferente de la convencional pero cautelosa asimismo con algunas derivas postconvencionales.
Social Epistemology, the Reason of “Reason” and the Curriculum Studies
Authors: Popkewitz Thomas 
Published: April 2014

Not-with-standing the current topoi of the Knowledge Society, a particular “fact” of modernity is that power is exercised less through brute force and more through systems of reason that order and classify what is known and acted on. This article explored the system of reason that orders and classifies what is talked about, thought and act on in schooling. The study of the system of reason in schooling is framed as social epistemology to consider the historically ordered, relational and socially embeddedness of knowledge as the political. This entails exploring the “reason” of science and schooling as to change social conditions that changes people. Further the school subjects of mathematics and music education are explored as an alchemy, the use of translation tools that remake disciplinary knowledge into the school curriculum. The alchemy of the curriculum is paradoxical. It embodies cultural theses about kinds of people that inscribe differences and divisions in the name of inclusion and equity.
Selective and Superselective Angiography of Pediatric Moyamoya Disease Angioarchitecture: The Anterior Circulation
Authors: Baltsavias Gerasimos , Valavanis Anton , Filipce Venko , Khan Nadia 
Published: April 2014

The angioarchitecture of the so-called moyamoya vessels in children has not been explicitly analyzed. We aimed to investigate the precise anatomy of the vascular anastomotic networks in patients with childhood moyamoya disease. Six children diagnosed with moyamoya disease for the first time underwent an angiographic investigation with selective and superselective injections. We recorded the arterial branches feeding the moyamoya anastomotic networks, their connections and the recipient vessels. Depending on the level of the steno-occlusive lesion, the feeding vessels included the medial striate arteries, the perforators of the choroidal segment of the carotid, the uncal artery, the medial and lateral branches of the intraventricular segment of the anterior choroidal artery, perforators of the communicating segment, the superior hypophyseal arteries, the prechiasmal branches of the ophthalmic artery, the ethmoidal arteries and the dural branches of the cavernous carotid. Through connections, which are described, the recipient vessels were the lateral striate arteries and the middle cerebral, the medial striate arteries and the anterior cerebral, medullary arteries around the ventricular system, anterior temporal branches of the middle cerebral, orbitofrontal and frontopolar branches of the anterior cerebral, as well as other cortical branches of the anterior and middle cerebral territories. The use of high quality selective and superselective angiography enabled us to clearly demonstrate for the first time aspects of the microangiographic anatomy of the moyamoya anastomotic network previously only vaguely or incompletely described.
Versatile Fill Coils: Initial Experience as Framing Coils for Oblong Aneurysms
Authors: Osanai Toshiya , Bain Mark , Hui Ferdinand K 
Published: April 2014

Coil embolization of oblong aneurysms is difficult because the majority of commercially available coils are manufactured with a helical or spherical tertiary structure. While adopting framing strategies for oblong aneurysms (aspect ratio ≥ 2: 1), traditional coils may be undersized in the long axis but oversized in the short axis, resulting in increased aneurysmal wall stress, risk of re-rupture, and difficulty creating a basket that respects the aneurysmal neck. We review three cases in which versatile filling coils (VFCs) were used as the initial coils for embolization of oblong aneurysms and report coil distribution characteristics and clinical outcomes. Packing density after VFC implantation was assessed using the software AngioSuite-Neuro edition and AngioCalc. Illustrative case: a 58-year-old woman experienced a subarachnoid hemorrhage from a ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysm (7.5 mm × 3.5 mm). A 3–6 mm × 15 cm VFC was selected as the first coil because the flexibility of its wave-loop structure facilitates framing of an irregularly shaped aneurysm. The loop portions of the structures tend to be pressed to the extremes of the aneurysmal sac by the wave component. The VFC was introduced smoothly into the aneurysmal sac without catheter kickback. We were then able to insert detachable filling coils without any adjunctive technique and achieved complete occlusion. Complete occlusion without severe complications was achieved in all three cases in our study. Average packing density after the first coil was 15.63%. VFC coils may have a specific role in framing oblong aneurysms given their complex loop-wave design, allowing spacing of the coils at the dome and neck while keeping sac stress to a minimum.
Evaluation of Urinalyses Ordered for Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infections at an Inpatient Psychiatric Hospital
Authors: Cogdill Brittany R. , Ross Clint A. , Hurst John M. , Garrison Kelli L. , Drayton Shannon J. , Wisniewski Christopher S. 
Published: April 2014

Objective: A retrospective study was conducted to assess the diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs) using urinalyses (UA)s at a psychiatric hospital. Method: Patients admitted between July 2010 and June 2011 receiving at least one UA during inpatient psychiatric hospitalization were included. Pregnant patients and those with a UA receiving antibiotic treatment in the emergency department were excluded. The primary objective of the study was to characterize and assess the appropriateness of UAs ordered for the diagnosis of UTIs. Secondary objectives included analyzing frequency of cultures obtained, appropriateness of empiric antibiotics, and de-escalation of therapy if warranted. Results: Thirty-nine percent ( n = 891/2292) of patients admitted received a UA at least once during their hospitalization. Of 203 patients further evaluated, 78% were asymptomatic, 11% were older than 65 years of age with altered mental status (AMS) or dementia, and 11% had typical UTI symptoms. Thirty-one patients were given antibiotics for a UTI during their stay, with a majority of those being asymptomatic ( n = 19/31). Conclusions: A significant proportion of UAs ordered at a psychiatric hospital were inappropriate. When patients were treated, empiric antibiotic selection and length of treatment were appropriate in most instances.
Patterns of Cortical Activation following Motor Tasks and Psychological-Inducing Movie Cues in Heroin Users: An fMRI Study
Authors: Jiang Yan-Ling , Tian Wei , Lu Gang , Rudd John A. , Lai K. F. , Yeung L. Y. , Wai Maria S. M. , Li Yuan Yuan , Huang Ming Long , Yew David T. 
Published: April 2014

Objective: Drug abuse and addiction are worldwide health problems. However, few studies have used fMRI to investigate the effect of chronic heroin use on brain activation. This is a study along this line. Method: fMRI positive sites in the brain were recorded during different motor and sensory activities. Results: Following motor activities, heroin users had more sites globally activated in the brain than in normal volunteers, with ex-heroin users being least reactive. Conversely, a “heroin puffing” movie produced more activation in ongoing-heroin and ex-heroin users than in the normal individuals, whereas a movie with explicit sexual content was less stimulatory in both groups of heroin users compared to normal individuals. Conclusions: These significant findings relative to the function of specific brain nuclei are discussed.
Diagnoses of Psychiatric Disorders in Hypothetical Patients by Non-Psychiatric Physicians in Japan
Authors: Kishi Yasuhiro , Kurosawa Hisashi , Horikawa Naoshi , Hatta Kotaro , Meller William 
Published: April 2014

Objective: This study was undertaken to investigate non-psychiatric physicians' diagnoses of hypothetical patients in clinical scenarios with comorbid medical and psychiatric disease in Japan. Methods: The non-psychiatric physicians were asked to diagnose eight clinical scenarios describing several typical behavioral health problems in the medical settings. Results: A total of 155 non-psychiatric physicians participated. Many physicians had problems correctly diagnosing depression and hypoactive delirium with medically ill patients. Conclusions: It is time to incorporate new efficient and effective approaches, such as collaborative care system and proactive delirium prevention programs, to improve overall behavioral health diagnosis and treatment, rather than relying on the rapid recognition of behavioral health problems in primary care/general medical settings.
Is Warren Buffett's Commentary on Accounting, Governance, and Investing Practices Reflected in the Investment Decisions and Subsequent Influence of Berkshire Hathaway?
Authors: Bowen Robert M. , Rajgopal Shivaram , Venkatachalam Mohan 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT
We examine (1) whether the accounting, governance, and investing practices of Berkshire Hathaway investees are consistent with Warren Buffett's public statements on what constitutes good accounting, governance, and investing practices and (2) whether these practices are associated with Berkshire's initial “selection” or Buffett's subsequent “influence.” Compared to control firms, we find that Berkshire investees are highly likely to follow Buffett's investment philosophy, somewhat likely to follow his preferred accounting, disclosure, and compensation policies, but unlikely to follow the board-related governance practices that we can measure. Second, we find some evidence that the business practices of future Berkshire investees are more aligned with Buffett's beliefs in the pre-investment period compared to control firms. Third, we find relatively modest evidence that investees improve a few of their business practices subsequent to Berkshire's initial investment. However, and overall, Buffett does not appear to be especially influential in the subsequent accounting, governance, and investing decisions of Berkshire investees, likely because he has already taken into account the attributes he cares most about in the initial investment decision.
Data Availability: Except for the Gunning Fog Index and family firm status, other data in this study are available from commercial providers, e.g., CDA/Spectrum Institutional Money Manager Holdings, Compustat, CRSP.
Effects of Physical Therapist–Guided Quadriceps-Strengthening Exercises for the Treatment of Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kooiker Laura , Van De Port Ingrid G.L. , Weir Adam , Moen Maarten H. 
Published: April 2014

Study Design Systematic literature review. Objective To summarize the evidence for physical therapist–guided quadriceps-strengthening exercises as a treatment for patellofemoral pain syndrome. Background Although quadriceps strengthening is often included in the plan of care for patellofemoral pain syndrome, a systematic review published in 2003 found only limited evidence that exercise was more effective than no exercise for this common condition. Methods The PubMed, Embase/MEDLINE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases, from inception to January 9, 2014, were searched for randomized controlled trials comparing the use of quadriceps-strengthening exercises to interventions consisting of advice/information or a placebo. Outcomes of interest were pain measures and function, as measured with self-report questionnaires. The methodological quality of the randomized controlled trials was assessed with the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale. Results were summarized using a best-evidence synthesis and graphically illustrated using forest plots without meta-analysis. Results Seven studies were included in the literature review. These studies reported strong evidence that isolated quadriceps strengthening is more effective in reducing pain and improving function than advice and information alone. In addition, compared to advice and information or placebo, there was strong evidence that quadriceps-strengthening exercises combined with other interventions may be more effective in reducing pain immediately postintervention and after 12 months, but not in improving function. Conclusion The literature provides strong evidence for the use of quadriceps-strengthening exercises, with or without other interventions, for the treatment of patellofemoral pain syndrome. Level of Evidence Therapy, level 1a-. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014;44(6):391–402. Epub 25 April 2014. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.4127
Management of a Patient With Chronic Low Back Pain and Multiple Health Conditions Using a Pain Mechanisms–Based Classification Approach
Authors: Hensley Craig P. , Courtney Carol A. 
Published: April 2014

Study Design Case report. Background Pain can lead to a significant reduction in quality of life. A pain mechanisms–based classification scheme has been outlined to improve management of patients with pain, but studies describing its use are limited. Evidence for physical therapy interventions in those with chronic pain and multiple health conditions is also lacking. This case report describes management of a patient with chronic pain and multiple health conditions. Case Description A 29-year-old man presented with a 3-year history of low back pain and 11-month history of lower extremity paresthesia. Current health conditions included left-sided hemiparesis secondary to a stroke, pancreatic kidney transplant, left-sided blindness, and osteoporosis secondary to hyperparathyroidism. Inability to walk to school and sit through class, and pain-related sleep disruption were the primary activity and participation restrictions. Outcome measures included the numeric pain rating scale, global rating of change, Oswestry Disability Index, and pain medication usage. A score of 12 on the Leeds assessment of neuropathic symptoms and signs (LANSS) pain scale indicated the presence of neuropathic pain, but other pain mechanisms were also hypothesized to be present. Treatment was designed to improve patient goals considering these pain mechanisms. Outcomes The patient was seen for 20 visits over 6 months. Ten months after the initial evaluation, the patient's Oswestry Disability Index scores improved by more than 50% and the patient achieved all initially stated goals without pain medication. Discussion A pain mechanisms-based approach assisted in the management of a patient with chronic pain and multiple health conditions. Using this approach may enhance clinical decision making when managing individuals with chronic pain. Level of Evidence Therapy, level 4. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014;44(6):403–414. Epub 25 April 2014. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.4861
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in a Patient With Low Back Pain
Authors: Van Wyngaarden Joshua J. , Ross Michael D. , Hando Benjamin R. 
Published: April 2014

Study Design Resident's case problem. Background The purpose of this report was to describe (1) the clinical reasoning that led a clinician to identify an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in a patient with low back pain requiring immediate medical referral, and (2) an evidence-based approach to clinical evaluation of patients with suspected AAA. Diagnosis The patient was unable to identify a specific mechanism of injury for his low back pain, lacked aggravating/easing factors for his symptoms, and complained of night pain and an inability to ease his symptoms with position changes. While the patient's symptoms remained unchanged during physical examination of the lumbar spine and hip, abdominal palpation revealed a strong, nontender pulsation over the midline of the upper and lower abdominal quadrants. Due to concern for an AAA, the patient was immediately referred to his physician. Subsequent computed tomography imaging revealed a prominent AAA, which measured up to 5.5 cm in greatest dimension and extended from below the renal arteries to the bifurcation of the iliac arteries. The patient initially deferred surgical intervention but eventually consented 6 months later, after repeat computed tomography imaging revealed that the AAA had progressed to 6.7 cm in greatest dimension. Discussion It is essential for physical therapists to be familiar with a diagnostic pathway to help identify AAA in patients presenting with apparent musculoskeletal complaints. Knowledge of the risk factors for AAA, understanding how to screen for nonmusculoskeletal symptoms, and a basic competence in abdominal palpation and how to interpret findings will help with the clinician's clinical decision making. Level of Evidence Differential diagnosis, level 4. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014;44(7):500–507. Epub 25 April 2014. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.4935
Heat Treatment Effects of Laser Cladded 12 Ni Maraging Tool Steel with Ni-Co-Mo Alloys*
Authors: Bergant Zoran , Grum Janez 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

The aim of the research is to study the effect of a two-stage heat treatment process of two iron based Ni-Co-Mo alloys on microstructure, micro-hardness and residual stress distribution. The laser cladding with multi-jet powder injection was used to deposit different alloys on the 12 % nickel maraging tool steel specimens 1.2799 (SIST EN 10027-2) to study the effect on the material's properties. In Ni-Co-Mo-1 austenite alloy, the precipitation hardening had no effect on hardness even after a prolonged overaging for 16 hours at 720 C. The second alloy Ni-Co-Mo-2 has a chemical composition similar to the maraging steel substrate. After 3 hours of precipitation hardening at 550 C, the alloy hardness increased to the level of base material. The residual stresses were measured using the hole drilling method. The residual stress profiles into the depth show predominantly tensile residual stresses in the Ni-Co-Mo-1 deposit and compressive residual stresses in the Ni-Co-Mo-2 deposit. The results indicate the importance of the chemical composition on microstructure, hardness and residual stresses prior and after heat treatment as well as of the quality of the deposited material on the maraging steel.