bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RAHelp: An Online Intervention for Individuals With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Shigaki Cheryl L. , Smarr Karen L. , Siva Chokkalingam , Ge Bin , Musser Dale , Johnson Rebecca 
Published: May 2013

ObjectiveTo test an intervention for improving self‐management in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using an online, cognitive–behavioral, self‐management group program (RAHelp), with weekly telephone support.MethodsA 2‐group, randomized study design was used to compare an intervention for RA versus a waiting‐list control condition. The intervention used a secure web site (RAHelp.org) to provide a 10‐week program with weekly educational modules for improving self‐efficacy in self‐management of RA, plus tools for group interaction. Weekly telephone contacts were made to encourage use of program tools and apply newly learned skills. A nationwide convenience sample of 106 adult participants (mean age 50 years, 93% women) was recruited primarily through online advertisements. Main outcome measures included the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales 2 (affective, physical, role, social, and pain/symptom components), Arthritis Self‐Efficacy Scale (ASES), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, Quality of Life Scale (QLS), Rapid Assessment of Disease Activity in Rheumatology, Social Provisions Scale, and University of California, Los Angeles Loneliness Scale 3.ResultsGroup differences with large and moderate effect sizes (ES) were found immediately postintervention for self‐efficacy (ASES; ES 0.92, P = 0.00001) and quality of life (QLS; ES 0.66, P = 0.003), respectively. At 9 months postintervention, differences in self‐efficacy (ASES; ES 0.92, P = 0.00001) and quality of life (QLS; ES 0.71, P = 0.004) remained robust.ConclusionRAHelp appears to have beneficial effects in terms of self‐efficacy and quality of life among individuals with RA who are willing to use an online service format.
Graphene Paper Doped with Chemically Compatible Prussian Blue Nanoparticles as Nanohybrid Electrocatalyst
Authors: Zhu Nan , Han Shuang , Gan Shiyu , Ulstrup Jens , Chi Qijin 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAlong with reduced graphene oxide (RGO), water soluble Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs, around 6 nm) are synthesized and broadly characterized. These two types of highly stable, low‐cost and chemically compatible nanomaterials are exploited as building ingredients to prepare electrically enhanced and functionally endorsed nanohybrid electrocatalysts, which are further transformed into free‐standing graphene papers. PBNPs doped graphene papers show highly efficient electrocatalysis towards reduction of hydrogen peroxide and can be used alone as flexible chemical sensors for potential applications in detection of hydrogen peroxide or/and other organic peroxides. The as‐prepared PBNPs–RGO papers are further capable of biocompatible accommodation of enzymes for development of free‐standing enzyme based biosensors. In this regard, glucose oxidase is used as an example for electrocatalytic oxidation and detection of glucose. The present work demonstrates a facile and highly reproducible way to construct free‐standing and flexible graphene paper doped with electroactive catalyst. Thanks to high stability, low‐cost and efficient electrocatalytic characteristics, this kind of nanohybrid material has potential to be produced on a large scale, and offers a broad range of possible applications, particularly in the fabrication of flexible sensing devices and as a platform for electrocatalytic energy conversion.
Thermoelectric Property Study of Nanostructured p‐Type Half‐Heuslers (Hf, Zr, Ti)CoSb0.8Sn0.2
Authors: Yan Xiao , Liu Weishu , Chen Shuo , Wang Hui , Zhang Qian , Chen Gang , Ren Zhifeng 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBased on the best peak theromoelectric figure‐of‐merit value (ZT) of ca. 0.8 in Hf0.5Zr0.5CoSb0.8Sn0.2 and ca. 1 in Hf0.8Ti0.2CoSb0.8Sn0.2, the effect of Ti on thermoelectric properties is studied in (Hf, Zr, Ti)CoSb0.8Sn0.2, with the aim of further improving the ZT and reducing the usage of Hf. By either partial replacement of Hf and Zr with Ti in Hf0.5Zr0.5CoSb0.8Sn0.2 or partial replacement of Hf and Ti with Zr in Hf0.8Ti0.2CoSb0.8Sn0.2, a peak ZT of ≥1 is achieved at 800°C in Hf0.44Zr0.44Ti0.12CoSb0.8Sn0.2. This composition has two advantages over the previous two best compositions: higher ZT than Hf0.5Zr0.5CoSb0.8Sn0.2 and less Hf than in Hf0.8Ti0.2CoSb0.8Sn0.2. A higher ZT with less Hf is very much desired since Hf is much more expensive than other constituent elements. The ZT improvement is the result of thermal conductivity reduction due to phonon scattering by both alloy and the nanostructure effect.
Enhancement in ammonia sensitivity with fast response by doping Al2O3 in polyaniline
Authors: Tripathi Akhilesh , Misra Kamakhya Prakash , Shukla R. K. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTAl2O3 mixed polyaniline composite with different dopant concentrations have been synthesized successfully by chemical oxidation method. X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and UV–visible spectroscopy confirm the synthesis of the polyaniline and Al2O3 mixed polyaniline composite. Scanning electron microscopy shows the weak crystalline quality of the samples. The samples are found sensitive to ammonia gas. The sensing properties have been studied at different temperatures i.e. 25°C, 50°C, and 100°C by varying the ammonia concentration over a range of 100–1500 ppm. The sensitivity increases with increasing Al2O3 concentration, increasing ammonia concentration, and also with increasing the sensing temperature. Sensitivity of these samples to ammonia gas is good with fast response. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 1941–1948, 2013
Behavioural strategy of common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in response to different kinds of boats in the waters of Lampedusa Island (Italy)
Authors: La Manna G. , Manghi M. , Pavan G. , Lo Mascolo F. , Sarà G. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT

Owing to the increase of boat‐traffic in the ocean many studies have been conducted to determine the response of bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) to this kind of disturbance. This species is affected by boats in various ways and the response depends on the behavioural state of the dolphin but also on the kind of vessel.
This study aimed to determine the effect of motorboats and trawlers on dolphins' presence, permanence in the area and whistle parameters in Lampedusa waters (Italy). Sampling was carried out between May and December 2006 and between July and September 2009, using experimental passive acoustic monitoring systems (PAM); a total of 300 h of recordings and 3000 whistles were analysed.
The dolphins' behavioural strategies depend on the kind of boats: in the case of motorboats, dolphins preferred to leave the area as the disturbance became too heavy to be tolerated; in the case of trawlers, dolphins changed their acoustic behaviour to compensate for the masking noise.
The study highlighted the efficacy of PAM to detect the behavioural response of dolphins, suggesting a novel approach to assessing anthropogenic influences on marine mammal vocalizations in the absence of visual observations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Necessity of Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor 1 for Development of Arthritis
Authors: Miyabe Yoshishige , Miyabe Chie , Iwai Yoshiko , Takayasu Aiko , Fukuda Shin , Yokoyama Waka , Nagai Jun , Jona Masahiro , Tokuhara Yasunori , Ohkawa Ryunosuke , Albers Harald M. , Ovaa Huib , Aoki Junken , Chun Jerold , Yatomi Yutaka , Ueda Hiroshi , Miyasaka Masayuki , Miyasaka Nobuyuki , Nanki Toshihiro 
Published: May 2013

ObjectiveLysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive lipid that binds to a group of cell surface G protein–coupled receptors (LPA receptors 1–6 [LPA1–6]) and has been implicated as an important mediator of angiogenesis, inflammation, and cancer growth. This study was undertaken to analyze the effects of LPA1 on the development of arthritis.MethodsExpression of LPA receptors on synovial tissue was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. The effects of abrogation of LPA1 on collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) were evaluated using LPA1‐deficient mice or LPA1 antagonist. Migrating fluorescence‐labeled CD11b+ splenocytes, which were transferred into the synovium of mice with CIA, were counted. CD4+ naive T cells were incubated under Th1‐, Th2‐, or Th17‐polarizing conditions, and T helper cell differentiation was assessed. Osteoclast formation from bone marrow cells was examined.ResultsLPA1 was highly expressed in the synovium of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) compared with that of patients with osteoarthritis. LPA1‐deficient mice did not develop arthritis following immunization with type II collagen (CII). LPA1 antagonist also ameliorated murine CIA. Abrogation of LPA1 was associated with reductions in cell infiltration, bone destruction in the joints, and interleukin‐17 production from CII‐stimulated splenocytes. Infiltration of transferred CD11b+ macrophages from LPA1‐deficient mice into the synovium was suppressed compared with infiltration of macrophages from wild‐type mice. LPA1 antagonist inhibited the infiltration of macrophages from wild‐type mice. Differentiation into Th17, but not Th1 or Th2, and osteoclast formation were also suppressed under conditions of LPA1 deficiency or LPA1 inhibition in vitro.ConclusionCollectively, these results indicate that LPA/LPA1 signaling contributes to the development of arthritis via cellular infiltration, Th17 differentiation, and osteoclastogenesis. Thus, LPA1 may be a promising target molecule for RA therapy.
Angiogenesis in Rheumatoid Arthritis Is Fostered Directly by Toll‐like Receptor 5 Ligation and Indirectly Through Interleukin‐17 Induction
Authors: Kim Seung‐jae , Chen Zhenlong , Chamberlain Nathan D. , Volin Michael V. , Swedler William , Volkov Suncica , Sweiss Nadera , Shahrara Shiva 
Published: May 2013

ObjectiveTo examine the impact of Toll‐like receptor 5 (TLR‐5) on endothelial cell function in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and vascularization in collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA).MethodsEndothelial cell migration and tube formation assays were used to demonstrate the direct role of TLR‐5 ligation in angiogenesis. Mice with CIA were treated with the TLR‐5 agonist flagellin to document the effect of TLR‐5 ligation in RA pathology. Vascularization in CIA was determined by immunohistochemical analysis and determination of cytokine levels in ankle joints. Spleen Th17 cells and joint interleukin‐17 (IL‐17) were quantified by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting analysis and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The development of Th17 cells induced by TLR‐5 ligation was validated in RA peripheral blood mononuclear cells.ResultsLigation of TLR‐5 to endogenous ligands expressed in RA synovial fluid contributed to endothelial cell infiltration and tube formation. Furthermore, treatment with flagellin after the onset of CIA exacerbated joint inflammation; in contrast, inflammation in control mice remained at a plateau phase. We showed that TLR‐5–enhanced disease severity was attributable to Th17 cell differentiation and joint vascularization in CIA. Examination of the underlying mechanism using RA peripheral blood mononuclear cells documented that ligation of TLR‐5 in myeloid cells and production of Th17–promoting cytokines were necessary for Th17 cell polarization. Additionally, we demonstrated that blockade of the IL‐17 cascade markedly reduced endothelial cell migration activated by flagellin‐conditioned medium, suggesting that TLR‐5 ligation can mediate RA angiogenesis either directly by attracting endothelial cells or indirectly by fostering Th17 cell development.ConclusionOur data demonstrate a novel role for TLR‐5 in RA angiogenesis; thus, TLR‐5 may be a promising new target for RA treatment.
Hsp90 Inhibition Protects Against Biomechanically Induced Osteoarthritis in Rats
Authors: Siebelt Michiel , Jahr Holger , Groen Harald C. , Sandker Marjan , Waarsing Jan H. , Kops Nicole , Müller Cristina , van Eden Willem , de Jong Marion , Weinans Harrie 
Published: May 2013

ObjectiveAlthough articular cartilage has evolved to facilitate joint mobilization, severe loading can induce chondrocyte apoptosis, which is related to the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). To avoid apoptosis, chondrocytes synthesize heat‐shock proteins (HSPs). This study was undertaken to examine the roles of Hsp70 and Hsp90 in biomechanically induced OA, and the possibility of using Hsp90 inhibition as an intervention strategy for OA management.MethodsOA was biomechanically induced in rats by means of strenuous running. Disease progression was compared between running rats treated with Hsp90 inhibitor and untreated running controls. Hsp70 and Hsp90 protein levels in articular cartilage were determined by Western blotting. OA progression was monitored using contrast‐enhanced micro–computed tomography to measure cartilage degradation and subchondral bone changes and single‐photon–emission computed tomography to examine synovial macrophage activation and histologic features.ResultsChronic cartilage loading led to early OA development, characterized by degeneration of cartilage extracellular matrix. In vivo Hsp90 inhibition resulted in increased Hsp70 synthesis, which suggests that Hsp90 activity limits Hsp70 production. Hsp90 inhibitor treatment increased cartilage sulfated glycosaminoglycan levels to concentrations even beyond baseline and protected against cartilage degradation, stimulated subchondral bone thickness, and suppressed macrophage activation.ConclusionOur findings indicate that Hsp90 plays a pivotal role in biomechanically induced chondrocyte stress responses. Intervention strategies that inhibit Hsp90 can potentially protect or improve cartilage health and might prevent OA development.
Protein Kinase Cδ Deficiency Causes Mendelian Systemic Lupus Erythematosus With B Cell‐Defective Apoptosis and Hyperproliferation
Authors: Belot Alexandre , Kasher Paul R. , Trotter Eleanor W. , Foray Anne‐Perrine , Debaud Anne‐Laure , Rice Gillian I. , Szynkiewicz Marcin , Zabot Marie‐Therese , Rouvet Isabelle , Bhaskar Sanjeev S. , Daly Sarah B. , Dickerson Jonathan E. , Mayer Josephine , O'Sullivan James , Juillard Laurent , Urquhart Jill E. , Fawdar Shameem , Marusiak Anna A. , Stephenson Natalie , Waszkowycz Bohdan , Beresford Michael W. , Biesecker Leslie G. , Black Graeme C. M. , René Céline , Eliaou Jean‐François , Fabien Nicole , Ranchin Bruno , Cochat Pierre , Gaffney Patrick M. , Rozenberg Flore , Lebon Pierre , Malcus Christophe , Crow Yanick J. , Brognard John , Bonnefoy Nathalie 
Published: May 2013

ObjectiveSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototype autoimmune disease that is assumed to occur via a complex interplay of environmental and genetic factors. Rare causes of monogenic SLE have been described, providing unique insights into fundamental mechanisms of immune tolerance. The aim of this study was to identify the cause of an autosomal‐recessive form of SLE.MethodsWe studied 3 siblings with juvenile‐onset SLE from 1 consanguineous kindred and used next‐generation sequencing to identify mutations in the disease‐associated gene. We performed extensive biochemical, immunologic, and functional assays to assess the impact of the identified mutations on B cell biology.ResultsWe identified a homozygous missense mutation in PRKCD, encoding protein kinase δ (PKCδ), in all 3 affected siblings. Mutation of PRKCD resulted in reduced expression and activity of the encoded protein PKCδ (involved in the deletion of autoreactive B cells), leading to resistance to B cell receptor– and calcium‐dependent apoptosis and increased B cell proliferation. Thus, as for mice deficient in PKCδ, which exhibit an SLE phenotype and B cell expansion, we observed an increased number of immature B cells in the affected family members and a developmental shift toward naive B cells with an immature phenotype.ConclusionOur findings indicate that PKCδ is crucial in regulating B cell tolerance and preventing self‐reactivity in humans, and that PKCδ deficiency represents a novel genetic defect of apoptosis leading to SLE.
Brain Morphometric Changes Associated With Childhood‐Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Neurocognitive Deficit
Authors: Gitelman Darren R. , Klein‐Gitelman Marisa S. , Ying Jun , Sagcal‐Gironella Anna Carmela P. , Zelko Frank , Beebe Dean W. , DiFrancesco Mark , Parrish Todd , Hummel Jessica , Beckwith Travis , Brunner Hermine I. 
Published: May 2013

ObjectiveTo use structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to characterize changes in gray matter and white matter volumes between patients with childhood‐onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and matched controls, between patients with childhood‐onset SLE with and those without neurocognitive deficit, and in relation to disease duration and treatment with steroids.MethodsTwenty‐two patients with childhood‐onset SLE and 19 healthy controls underwent high‐resolution structural MRI. Probability density maps for gray matter and white matter were compared between groups.ResultsNeuropsychological testing confirmed the presence of neurocognitive deficit in 8 patients with childhood‐onset SLE. Multiple brain regions had reduced gray matter volume in the patients with childhood‐ onset SLE with neurocognitive deficit versus controls or patients with childhood‐onset SLE without neurocognitive deficit. Neither disease duration nor cumulative oral or intravenous steroid doses accounted for decreases in gray matter. White matter volume was also reduced in patients with childhood‐onset SLE with neurocognitive deficit, and the reduction was positively associated with both disease duration and cumulative oral steroid dose. Conversely, higher cumulative intravenous steroid doses were associated with higher white matter volumes.ConclusionNeurocognitive deficit in patients with childhood‐onset SLE is associated with multifocal decreases in both gray and white matter volumes. Since only white matter volume changes are related to disease duration and cumulative oral steroid use, this may suggest that gray and white matter alterations relate to different underlying mechanisms. Further work is needed to understand the relationship between gray and white matter alterations in childhood‐onset SLE, whether the underlying mechanisms relate to immunologic, vascular, or other causes, and whether the changes are reversible or preventable. Likewise, the protective properties of intravenous steroids in maintaining white matter volumes require confirmation in larger cohorts.
Multiphysics computational models for cardiac flow and virtual cardiography
Authors: Seo Jung Hee , Vedula Vijay , Abraham Theodore , Mittal Rajat 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARYA multiphysics simulation approach is developed for predicting cardiac flows as well as for conducting virtual echocardiography (ECHO) and phonocardiography (PC) of those flows. Intraventricular blood flow in pathological heart conditions is simulated by solving the three‐dimensional incompressible Navier–Stokes equations with an immersed boundary method, and using this computational hemodynamic data, echocardiographic and phonocardiographic signals are synthesized by separate simulations that model the physics of ultrasound wave scattering and flow‐induced sound, respectively. For virtual ECHO, a Doppler ultrasound image is reproduced through Lagrangian particle tracking of blood cell particles and application of sound wave scattering theory. For virtual PC, the generation and propagation of blood flow‐induced sounds (‘hemoacoustics’) is directly simulated by a computational acoustics model. The virtual ECHO is applied to reproduce a color M‐mode Doppler image for the left ventricle as well as continuous Doppler image for the outflow tract of the left ventricle, which can be verified directly against clinically acquired data. The potential of the virtual PC approach for providing new insights between disease and heart sounds is demonstrated by applying it to modeling systolic murmurs caused by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chiron: a parallel engine for algebraic scientific workflows
Authors: Ogasawara Eduardo , Dias Jonas , Silva Vitor , Chirigati Fernando , de Oliveira Daniel , Porto Fabio , Valduriez Patrick , Mattoso Marta 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARYLarge‐scale scientific experiments based on computer simulations are typically modeled as scientific workflows, which eases the chaining of different programs. These scientific workflows are defined, executed, and monitored by scientific workflow management systems (SWfMS). As these experiments manage large amounts of data, it becomes critical to execute them in high‐performance computing environments, such as clusters, grids, and clouds. However, few SWfMS provide parallel support. The ones that do so are usually labor‐intensive for workflow developers and have limited primitives to optimize workflow execution. To address these issues, we developed workflow algebra to specify and enable the optimization of parallel execution of scientific workflows. In this paper, we show how the workflow algebra is efficiently implemented in Chiron, an algebraic based parallel scientific workflow engine. Chiron has a unique native distributed provenance mechanism that enables runtime queries in a relational database. We developed two studies to evaluate the performance of our algebraic approach implemented in Chiron; the first study compares Chiron with different approaches, whereas the second one evaluates the scalability of Chiron. By analyzing the results, we conclude that Chiron is efficient in executing scientific workflows, with the benefits of declarative specification and runtime provenance support. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New system software for parallel programming models on the Intel SCC many‐core processor
Authors: Clauss Carsten , Lankes Stefan , Reble Pablo , Bemmerl Thomas 
Published: May 2013

SummarySince the beginning of the multicore era, parallel processing has become prevalent across the board. On a traditional multicore system, a single operating system manages all cores and schedules threads and processes among them, inherently supported by hardware‐implemented cache coherence protocols. However, a further growth of the number of cores per system implies an increasing chip complexity, especially with respect to the cache coherence protocols. Therefore, a very attractive alternative for future many‐core systems is to waive the hardware‐based cache coherency and to introduce a software‐oriented message‐passing based architecture instead: a so‐called Cluster‐on‐Chip architecture. Intel's Single‐chip Cloud Computer (SCC), a many‐core research processor with 48 non‐coherent memory‐coupled cores, is a very recent example for such a cluster‐on‐chip architecture. The SCC can be configured to run one operating system instance per core by partitioning the shared main memory in a strict manner. However, it is also possible to access the shared main memory in an unsplit and concurrent manner, provided that either the caches are disabled or the cache coherency is then ensured by software. In this article, we detail our experiences gained while developing low‐level software for message‐passing and shared‐memory programming on the SCC. We present an SCC‐customized MPI library (called SCC‐MPICH) as well as a shared virtual memory system (called MetalSVM) for the SCC. In doing so, we evaluate the potential of both programming models and we show how these models can be improved especially with respect to the SCC's many‐core architecture. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.