bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Near Sea Bed Characterization Study Using Scholte Wave Data Offshore Abu Dhabi -UAE
Authors: Matarid Tarek , Belaid Kamel , Ishiyama Tomohide , Lehman Christoph , Al Riyami Ahmed , Seddik Sameh , Bhowmick Arunava , Al-Jarwan Ali R. , Strobbia Claudio , Laake Andreas , Anastasia M , Morrison Dave 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
In conventional seismic data processing Scholte and Guided Wave data are commonly considered as noise and therefore, are removed at an early stage of any seismic data processing sequence. This paper describes an innovative approach in characterizing near sea bed via surface wave inversion using Scholte wave data.
2-D & 3-D OBC seismic data sets were selected and reprocessed as a test focusing on shallow near surface data. The ultimate objective of this work was to attempt to locate the closest area to borrow the necessary volume of sediments / sand for the construction of artificial Islands (2) which are required for the development of an offshore oil field. In addition to the primary geotechnical objective, the test aimed to validate the potential of surface wave inversion using OBC data in shallow water.
The near surface characterization revealed a complex geology with velocity inversions and the results were incorporated to optimize the geothechnical survey program since it was able to differentiate a relatively low velocity anomaly area which could be related to soft sediments from hard rocky surface having a higher shear velocity.
Vital Role of Nanomaterials in Drilling Fluid and Reservoir Protection Applications
Authors: Long Li , Xianguang Xu , Jinsheng Sun , Xubo Yuan , Yingmin Li 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Nanotechnology has already contributed significantly to technological advances in the energy industries. Nanotechnology has the potential to introduce revolutionary change in drilling industry. Nanotechnology produces nanomaterials with many attractive properties, which can play an important role in intensifying mud cake quality, reducing friction, eliminating differential pipe sticking, maintaining borehole stability, protecting reservoir, and enhancing oil and gas recovery.
Recent research has indicated that nanomaterials have special characteristics for a broad range of applications in the fields of drilling fluids and reservoir protection, where fluid loss control, borehole stability, hole cleaning, torque and drag reduction, lost circulation control, and reservoir protection are of interest.
This paper presents an extensive literature review of assessing the applications of nanomaterials in drilling fluids and reservoir protection, and evaluates the potential technical benefits that these nanomaterials might provide to petroleum development and production.
3D OBC Seismic Data Acquisition Productivity Enhancement
Authors: Nakayama Shotaro , Belaid Kamel , Ishiyama Tomohide 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Ocean Bottom Cable (OBC) seismic survey has several technical advantages over conventional towed streamer technique. However, its usage is still limited as requirement of relatively large operational efforts likely results in more survey cost and duration. Moreover, OBC seismic operations could affect other field activities and multi-vessel operations required for OBC survey and longer survey duration potentially increase HSE risks in fields.
Consequently, enhancement and optimization of OBC survey productivity is essential particularly in specific situations such as shallow water, congested producing oil/ gas fields (e.g. Offshore Abu Dhabi) and in environmentally restricted areas.
Although several studies have been carried out to establish key parameters, designs and geometries for high OBC survey productivity, the current developments in the seismic industry technology and equipment are enabling to establish a variety of survey designs and geometries which were not feasible previously. Therefore, our study was conducted with the aim to analyze the impact of OBC Survey Designs / Geometries on productivity considering the current available equipment and technology and meeting the established geophysical survey objectives.
Applications of dual source operations were also discussed by using two cases: (1) Distanced Separated Simultaneous Shooting (DS3); and (2) Dual Source Vessel Flip-Flop Shooting (DSVFFS). Dual source operations for both marine streamer and land cases have been well described whereas few examples of its applicability to OBC survey have been presented. In this paper, we described the impact of dual source operations on OBC survey efficiency and technical challenges determined from the relationship between OBC Survey Geometries/Designs and interference noise wave fields which have to be considered as more complex scenario than other types of surveys.
We believe that the established new approach will assist to acquire future OBC survey with high productivity and in a very cost effective manner.
Tengiz Field Surveillance: Planning Strategy and Implementation
Authors: Tursinbayeva Damira , Lindsell Karl , Zalan Tom , Dunger Darrin , Kassenov Baurzhan , Howery Randy 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Over the field life, surveillance in Tengiz oil field has provided historical and baseline data for simulation history matching, static and dynamic reservoir characterization and modeling, and the foundation for efficient well management. Hence, it continues to be an important part of everyday field operations. At the surveillance planning stage, the comprehensive opportunity list of well candidates is developed based on input provided by members of multiple teams: geologists and petrophysists, production and reservoir engineers, drilling and field operations specialists. SCADA system, permanent downhole gauges (PDHGs) and multiphase flow meters (MPFMs) are widely implemented for production data acquisition and analysis. However, the majority of surveillance activities still need well intervention into the high pressure, high H2S concentration wellbores, often during harsh weather conditions. Each job execution plan is therefore focused on the safest procedure to obtain the necessary data. Each planned survey in the surveillance plan is ranked according to the value of information to be obtained, in order to help schedule the timing of surveillance based on plant production needs.
The ultimate goal is to safely execute planned surveillance to support production optimization and field development work. This paper will highlight TCO success in addressing the different reservoir and well production uncertainties through a properly designed surveillance plan with both short and long-term objectives.
Experiments and Simulation of the Near-Wellbore Dynamics and Displacement Efficiencies of Polymer Injection, Matzen Field, Austria
Authors: Gumpenberger Thomas , Deckers Marie , Kornberger Martin , Clemens Torsten 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
High molecular weight partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamides (HPAM), have been shown to effectively increase oil recovery of medium viscous and heavy oil.
Using a rheometer, these polymers show shear thinning behavior. However, determining the apparent viscosity from coreflood tests for different frontal velocities, an increase in the apparent viscosity is observed. This apparent increase is attributed to the visco-elastic properties of the polymers.
In this paper, a set of laboratory experiments has been performed for cores similar to the rock in the 8th Torton Horizon (8 TH) of the Matzen Field in Austria. The results show that for the conditions in the near-wellbore region of the reservoir, an increase in apparent viscosity is expected. In addition, the relationship of velocity versus apparent viscosity for pre-sheared polymers was investigated. Dependent on the amount of pre-shearing, the apparent viscosity was significantly decreased. For different polymer concentrations, the apparent viscosity versus velocity of the pre-sheared polymers was almost identical.
A polymer injection pilot performed in the 8 TH in the Matzen Field in Austria confirmed that shearing of the polymer solution in the near-wellbore occurs for injection below the fracturing pressure. Above the fracturing pressure, the flow velocities are significantly decreased owing to the large surface area of the fracture. Hence, polymer injection should be performed above the fracturing pressure to improve sweep efficiency.
Major Accident Prevention and Lessons Learned in Oil & Gas: Four Guidelines and Thirteen Best Practices for Governing Safe Supply Chains
Authors: Jacoby David S. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Poor supply chain management can set the conditions for failures of catastrophic proportions, both economically and in terms of safety. It has been the root cause of several of the largest disasters in oil and gas history. Many professionals fail to recognize important gaps due to the complexity of the web of supply relationships and the number of critical interfaces that can be misaligned. Professionals from executive offices, HSE, procurement, logistics, operations, and risk management need to take four major steps to ensure a safe supply chain: 1) Establish governance & organization to ensure organizational accountability for governance and management of supply chain risk, by appointing a supply chain czar and engaging crossfunctional stakeholders; 2) Adopt an internationally accepted top-level supply chain risk management framework and articulate first-level principles, including a policy on single sourcing; 3) Universally adopt formal "reinforcing" metrics and measurement systems, including measurement of supply chain risk, Total Cost methodologies, and quantification of the cost of supplier non-compliance; and 4) Extend supply chain strategy and policies to suppliers by scanning for suppliers that excel in HSE, setting supplier expectations and targets, training suppliers, and establishing mechanisms to hold them accountable including periodic audits.
Reservoir Characterization and Modeling of a Carbonate Reservoir - Case Study
Authors: Tariq Mohamed , Bizarro Paulo , Sousa Ana de , Ribeiro Maria T. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
This paper describes the work undertaken to build a 3D static model of a Lower Cretaceous Carbonate Reservoir located in Kazakhstan called X-Field. This reservoir has been pervasively dolomitized, and presents several challenges for development optimization. This model will be used to support further appraisal and development activities, in order to tackle key uncertainties, such as reservoir quality distribution.
All of the available data were quality controlled, analyzed and interpreted (including data from logs and cores), to produce porosity, permeability and RRT (reservoir rock type) models. These are believed to be representative of the reservoir's behavior and connectivity.
In order to identify the main flow zones and understand the reservoir's complexity, Reservoir Rock Typing (RRT) was performed on two cored wells by analyzing CCAL and SCAL data, including thin sections, MICP measurements, porosity and permeability. A comprehensive RRT methodology using Winland R35 method and poro-perm plot was followed, which resulted in defining five rock types. The outcome from the RRT study was confirmed by poro-perm plot, which showed the presence of five flow units.
The 3D model was built by using corner point grids (CPG), and contains a total of 2,380,050 cells. Several models of porosity and RRT were generated, representing "low", "mid", and "high" case scenarios of reservoir quality distribution. Finally, permeability models were created for each scenario, conditioned to their respective Winland R35 porosity-permeability relationships per RRT.
Comparison between the different porosity (Φ), permeability (k), and RRT models and scenarios, will allow a better management of the reservoir uncertainties during the appraisal and development stages for this reservoir.
Multistage Transverse Fracturing of Horizontal Well: A New Integrated Model to Develop Tight Gas Sands
Authors: Yu Haiqing , Rahman M. M. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
As the demand for gas increases worldwide, tight and deep unconventional gas sands are becoming the target for development. Continuous progress in hydraulic fracturing technology has resulted in multistage transverse fracturing of horizontal well in tight gas sands. However, for such reservoirs the conventional approach of simply fracturing the formation to stimulate the horizontal well is inadequate. This is because most currently available commercial software lack proper optimization tools in them and they do not take into consideration several key parameters and realistic constraints. Even the systematic design methods for fracture treatment parameters with constraints are not well presented in the literature. Although larger the number of transverse fractures higher the productivity, there are optimal number of fractures and optimum treatment parameters when real field constraints and economic aspects are considered. A new integrated but constrained model to optimize multistage transverse fractures has been developed to maximize gas production and net present value with minimum treatment cost. Model couples both the industry experience and unified fracturing design parameters based on hydraulic fracture mechanics. Unified fracturing design defines the optimal compromise between the fracture width and fracture length for a given mass of proppant. Model integrates unified fracture geometry, reservoir in-situ parameters, treatment parameters controllable at every stage, realistic design constraints, and production and economic modules. The integrated model has been successfully applied to a hypothetical deeper and tight gas sands to demonstrate its merits. A simple and accurate analytical approach has been used for evaluating and optimizing the productivity. This model could also be used to study the potential of the deep UAE offshore tight gas sands, which is yet to be developed.
ADCO's Assets Integrity Requirements during Projects Execution
Authors: Daoud Mohamed , Mohamed Alaa , Drahib Saleh , Badyab Ahmed 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
ADCO integrity policy calls for ensuring that the new assets are designed to fit the intended services, engineered and constructed in accordance with approved company specifications.
The execution strategy of the Asset Integrity Management System (AIMS) requirements is based on progressive implementation starting as early as initiation phase of the project.
ADCO integrity requirements are in line with the requirements of Shell DEP standards that taken as the technical basis for Front end Engineering Design (FEED) and Engineering Procurement and Construction (EPC).
The main integrity services within EPC scope include assignment of asset coding, assessment / identification of the asset HSE & Business criticality, development and implementation of supply Quality Assurance/ Quality Control (QA/QC) philosophy document, establish and implement a project specific Management of change procedure.
Several AIMS reviews are in place and shall be conducted at definite mile stones of the project life cycle that guarantee the quality of the set specific Integrity deliverables.
The purpose of this paper is to share ADCO's experience during project execution, both in terms of technical and project quality/ integrity management issues.
The projects integrity practices implemented throughout the lifecycle of the project, starting with conceptual and preliminary engineering, through detailed engineering, procurement and construction are highlighted in the paper.
Stress Testing with a Wireline Tool using a Drilled Hole Sealed with a Compression Pad
Authors: Edwards John , Rodriguez Adrian , Judd Tobias , Kristensen Morten , Tevis Chris , Harrigan Edward , Al Rashdi Yaqoob , Hindriks Cornelius 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
A new method of stress testing with a wireline tool uses a drilled hole sealed with a compression pad to apply hydraulic pressure to the reservoir. Geomechanics modeling shows why this reduces the fracture initiation pressure and avoids intersecting the borehole with the induced fracture. The superposition of two induced stresses, mechanical and hydraulic, causes the tensile failure to initiate towards the end of the drilled hole as the hydraulic pressure is increased. The 9-mm-diameter hole is drilled from the center of the sealing compression pad to a depth of up to 15 cm. A fracture initiating some distance from the wellbore will be located part way through the near-wellbore perturbed stress field and will propagate away from the wellbore to the far field in the direction of reduced minimum stress. Reservoir simulation shows that the leakage rate of injected fluid around the compression pad is insignificant.
The first jobs using this technique are described, including procedures for passive tool orientation so that the drilled hole is aligned with the maximum horizontal stress. Information revealed about breakdown pressures in tight dolomite explained why drilling-induced fractures were affecting resistivity logs and well test interpretation. The current procedure for stress testing is the pumping of drilling mud between inflated packers. The new technique described here solves two problems associated with the inflated packer method. The pumped fluid volumes are much smaller, so clean fracture fluid from a sample chamber can be used instead of mud. And the system compressibility is reduced, so the pressure transients are more responsive to the formation.
The ability to induce a fracture in the formation with a pad tool using dedicated fluid with a low dead volume creates a new way of connecting to the reservoir, an alternative to connecting via the borehole wall surface. This large, undamaged contact area due to the induced fracture beyond the drilling-damaged zone will facilitate sampling low-permeability formations or high-viscosity oils.
Experimental Investigation of Oil Recovery by Different Injection Scenarios under Low Oil/Gas IFT and Mixed-Wet Condition: Water-Flood, Gas Injection, WAG and SWAG Injection
Authors: Sohrabi Mehran , Fatemi S. Mobeen 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Water flooding and gas injection are two widely used improved oil recovery techniques that can be applied individually or combined as water alternating gas (WAG) or simultaneous gas and water (SWAG) injection. To do reservoir development planning, for possible implementation of these oil recovery schemes, reliable reservoir performance prediction is needed. Most of the existing reservoir simulators are unable to adequately account for all the complex multi-phase and multi-physics processes involved in these oil recovery techniques. That is particularly the case under mixed-wet and low gas-oil IFT (near-miscible) conditions. Performing reliable laboratory experiments is the key to evaluating the performance of these oil recovery techniques under reservoir conditions.
We present the results of a comprehensive series of well-controlled coreflood experiments carried out under mixed-wet condition using a very low IFT gas-oil system. The experiments include oil recovery by water flood (WF), continues gas injection (CGI), two series of WAG, and two series of SWAG injection tests. The difference between the two WAG experiments is the order in which gas and water injections are carried out. The first WAG test started with water injection whereas the second WAG experiment started with gas injection. The difference between the two SWAG experiments is the gas/water (SWAG) ratio, which was 0.25 for the first one and 1.0 for the second SWAG test.
The results show that in both mixed-wet cores, WAG injection has a superior performance over WF, CGI and SWAG injection. Oil recovery by the WAG test which had started with water injection was higher than the WAG test started with gas injection. SWAG performed better compare to CGI. However, surprisingly, SWAG resulted in lower oil recovery compared to primary waterflood in these mixed-wet systems. It was observed that increasing the gas/water ratio in SWAG leads to faster gas breakthrough, higher produced gas/oil ratio and further reduction in the recovery performance of SWAG. Compared to the other injection strategies, a very high pressure drop across the core was observed during SWAG injection indicating injectivity problems with the application of the process in mixed-wet rocks. The results show that for mixed-wet rocks, amongst the studied injection strategies, SWAG is the worst and alternating injection of water and gas (WAG), starting with a water flood period, is the best injection strategy.
Evaluation and Comparison of Innovative Environmental Monitoring Methods for the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry
Authors: Galgani François , Kampala Benjamin , Canovas Sophie , Cazes Laurent , Michel Cédric , Alboussière Marie-Charlotte 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Monitoring data contributes to environmental risk and impact assessments, baseline studies and operational monitoring and is important to the environmental management of offshore Exploration & Production (E&P) activities. The quality of such studies may, in principle, be limited to the quality of data. In recent years, there have been several new methods in development which aim to supplement and/or replace conventionally used monitored data sources. These new methods have become available in a time of many key changes which affect the marine monitoring, such as increased regulatory and stakeholder expectations and activities occurring in more sensitive and remote areas.
In this study, an analysis of the concurrent application of five monitoring methods is presented on an E&P site where historical environmental data are available. Foraminiferal assessment, biomarkers, passive samplers and ecotoxicology were all compared to conventional benthos analysis. The objective was to evaluate the added value of new monitoring methods in advance of future validation in extreme environments such as arctic and deep seas.
Evaluation of the various methods was performed and presented with the advantages and limiting factors. Results show that non-conventional methods may provide advantages in terms of analytical abilities, cost effectiveness, spatial and temporal coverage and geographic applicability. Specifically, passive samplers report hydrocarbon concentrations at very low limits of detection and foraminiferal diversity was shown to provide historical information when baseline data is unavailable. These new monitoring methods offer improvements over conventional methods which have been in use for decades and may offer environmental managers rigorous and useful alternatives to conventional analysis.
Project Management Consultants Performance Enhancement Program
Authors: Al-Ghuraiba Muhammad M. , Al-Qahtani Mohammad 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Over the years KOC has been working to enhance the Health, Safety, Quality and Project Management of their projects through initiatives in order the meet the company's strategic goals of 2030. The company has recognized that the Project Management Consultants (PMC's) are key players in the execution of KOC's strategic projects. Therefore an initiative was put in place to develop an incentive/disincentive program which included the PMC's. The PMC's performance is based on how well the contractor is being managed for KOC.
The primary objectives of the PMC Performance Enhancement Program are:
➢ Achieve improved PMC Performance ➢ Effectively manage the performance of the EPC Contractors for assigned projects within the approve schedule and budgets ➢ Encourage and reward the PMC's to achieve the set goals for the projects.
This has been successfully implemented on several projects where all aspects of the program were proven to be successful. This program has been embraced by all of the PMC's on contract with KOC. The program has been in place for over a year and is proving to be successful in helping KOC reach its strategic goals by the year 2030.