bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
All the President’s Women? Female Leaders, Family Ties, and Gendered Cabinet Appointments Worldwide
Authors: Liu Yanjun , Wang Zezhong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the nexus between the rise of female leaders and the appointment of women to cabinets and how family ties, crucial for women’s political ascendance, impact these appointments. Using a unique dataset across 160 countries from 1966 to 2021, we find that female leaders generally appoint more women to their cabinets and key cabinet roles. However, this effect is significantly moderated by the “Goldilocks” principle, defined by the nature of a leader’s family ties. Specifically, female leaders with moderate family ties are most likely to appoint women. In contrast, their counterparts from political dynasties and those without familial political ties are less inclined to do so. The exploratory analysis suggests potential mechanisms driving this dynamic: female leaders with a “just-right” degree of political lineage are more likely to have advanced degrees and Western education, potentially aligning them more closely with liberal and feminist values.
Modeling Air Pollution‐Related Health Benefits of Transportation Scenarios: A Collaboration Between Academic Researchers and Environmental Justice Organizations
Authors: Rick Christopher , Gaddy Kim , Lewis Sharon , Mitchell Mark , Owen Sofia , Shabazz Queen , Chu Wiens Laura , Stange Jay , Little Cheryl , Ellis Erica , Arter Calvin , Kinney Patrick , Levy Jonathan I. , Perera Frederica , Coomes Katy , Lau Kathleen , Buckley Laura , Raifman Matthew , C Dinesh , Arunachalam Sarav , Buonocore Jonathan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTransportation is a leading contributor to greenhouse gas emissions and has become a focus for climate policies. Traffic‐related air pollution disproportionately affects environmental justice (EJ) communities—neighborhoods that have disproportionate exposure to environmental hazards, but health impact assessments rarely center EJ issues or prioritize the concerns of EJ communities. One explanation for the lack of focus on EJ communities is that both policymakers and academia have often failed to engage these communities. In this paper, academic researchers collaborate with seven EJ organizations in the northeastern US, working with collaboration advisors and facilitators, to design and evaluate potential transportation emissions reduction scenarios using air quality and health benefits modeling tools. We model and estimate the benefits of these scenarios, while working to build collaborative relationships between academic researchers and EJ organizations. The two primary outputs from this process are: quantification of health benefits attributable to emission reduction scenarios of interest to EJ organizations, and enhanced trust and community building between academic researchers and EJ organizations, with reflections on strengths, challenges, and opportunities for future work. We find the largest improvements to health result from scenarios that reduce car and truck traffic. Dialog between academic researchers and EJ organizations reinforce the disconnect between regional‐scale models and local community concerns as well as the more general gaps between statistical models and lived experience. Despite these challenges, the collaboration led to more meaningful models and valued insight for community organizations, and we recommend comparable collaborations in other settings where pollution control is being planned and evaluated in EJ communities.
Comparing Distributions of Overshooting Convection in HRRR Forecasts to Observations
Authors: Bissell Devin P. , Murillo Elisa M. , Mullendore Gretchen L. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOvershooting convection can significantly impact the chemical and radiative properties of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere through the transport of various chemical species. These impacts include enhancements of water vapor and ozone‐depleting halocarbons, which both have important consequences for climate change. Therefore, accurate prediction of the Earth's climate system requires convective overshooting to be included. To better understand how convective transport is represented in current state‐of‐the‐art models, approximately 75,000 individual updrafts in the central and eastern United States are analyzed from High‐Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) simulations and NEXRAD radar observations during May and July 2021. Distributions of echo top potential temperatures and heights, as well as diurnal cycles of overshooting frequency, are compared to observations. These distributions show mean, median, and maximum echo tops 2–3 km lower than observations, both in absolute and tropopause‐relative space, with evidence of updrafts losing momentum too rapidly above the tropopause. Diurnal cycles show accurate times of maximum and minimum overshooting, but significant errors at model initialization and evidence that some simulated overshoots continue too late into the overnight hours. Despite these deficiencies, distributions of simulated levels of maximum detrainment show decent agreement with observations. All results, including the severe underprediction of echo top heights, persist at shorter forecast lead times. This indicates a need to improve representation of overshooting storms in weather and climate models, even those that are convection‐permitting, or introduce a transport parameterization.
3D Structure of Low‐Angle Normal Faults and Tectono‐Sedimentary Processes of Nascent Continental Core‐Complexes in the SE South China Sea
Authors: Legeay E. , Mohn G. , Ringenbach J. C. , Vetel W. , Sapin F. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis contribution explores the formation and evolution of hyper‐extended basins, associated with the early stage of core complex formation, controlled by low‐angle normal faults active at <30°. Based on a high‐resolution industrial 3D seismic reflection survey along the southern margin of the South China Sea (SCS) (Dangerous Grounds), we mapped and analyzed the 3D geometry of low‐angle normal fault systems and the related stratigraphy. Two main hyper‐extended basins were documented, filled by up to 6 km of sediments including pre‐ to post‐rift sequences. The observed normal faults on depth migrated seismic sections show an average dip angle of <30° and appear planar, characterized by continuous reflections with no clear steepening at depth and sole‐out on distinct decollement levels. Detailed fault surface mapping reveals the occurrence of km‐scale corrugations together with large wavelength undulation. The formation of these hyper‐extended basins is associated with polyphased syn‐rift infill during the development of the low‐angle normal faults. The first syn‐rift sequence appears as chaotic and discontinuous packages that has been dismembered and fragmented during the activity of low‐angle normal faults. The second syn‐rift package shows unexpected sedimentary wedges developing successively toward the footwall and the hangingwall. This geometry results from the interplay between the main low‐angle normal fault and antithetic faults defining a so‐called extensional fishtail. The deep structure of these basins shows nascent domes with limited evidence of magmatism. Eventually, these basins likely capture the earliest stage of core complex development in the proximal margin of the southern SCS.
Temperature Is Likely an Important Omission in Interpreting Vegetation Optical Depth
Authors: Zhao Meng , Humphrey Vincent , Feldman Andrew F. , Konings Alexandra G. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractVegetation optical depth (VOD) satellite microwave retrievals provide significant insights into vegetation water content and responses to hydroclimatic changes. While VOD variations are commonly linked to dry biomass and live fuel moisture content (LFMC), the impact of canopy temperature (Tc) remains overlooked in large‐scale studies. Here, we investigated the impact of Tc on L‐band (1.4 GHz) and X‐band (10.7 GHz) VOD at diurnal and seasonal timescales. Synthetic benchmark VOD was created using realistic fields of Tc, LFMC, and biomass in an electromagnetic model. Perturbation experiments revealed that Tc strongly affects diurnal VOD variations at both L‐band and X‐band. Seasonally, while biomass emerges as the largest contributor to VOD variations in 70% (at X‐band) and 90% (at L‐band) of our study region, Tc and LFMC still play substantial roles. The findings stress the importance of refining retrieval algorithms to distinguish Tc, LFMC, and biomass effects for future VOD applications in ecohydrology.
Io's Near‐Field Alfvén Wings and Local Electron Beams Inferred From Juno/Waves
Authors: Sulaiman A. H. , Kurth W. S. , Connerney J. E. P. , Elliott S. S. , Hospodarsky G. B. , Kruegler N. S. , Lysak R. L. , Menietti J. D. , Szalay J. R. , Allegrini F. , Bolton S. J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractJuno conducted two close Io flybys on 30 December 2023 and 03 February 2024, both at a minimum altitude of 1,500 km. Filamentary structures in the electric and magnetic field spectra indicate Juno crossed the Alfvén wing, the magnetic structure connecting Io to Jupiter's polar ionosphere. We show that the first pass took Juno diametrically through the northern Alfvén wing, while the second pass had Juno graze the southern Alfvén wing boundary, enabling extended measurements of the transition region between Io's vicinity and the Jovian magnetosphere. Of note, evidence of local electron beams is inferred from whistler‐mode emissions. We demonstrate that their energies are sub‐keV, are sourced from Io's ionosphere or local torus, and are part of a distributed current system connecting Io to Jupiter. Finally, upper hybrid resonances indicate electron densities are significantly elevated in Io's polar region (∼28,000 cm−3) compared to the local Io torus (∼2,000 cm−3).
Nightside Detached Auroras Associated With Expanding Auroral Oval During the Main and Recovery Phases of a Magnetic Storm
Authors: Zhou Su , Luan Xiaoli , Zhou Zhijin , Wu Zongxian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDetached subauroral proton arcs are commonly observed during the recovery phase of geomagnetic storms, and have been extensively investigated. However, there is limited study on their occurrence during the main phase of storms. This study investigated nightside detached auroras (NDAs) observed by the far‐ultraviolet imager onboard the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program spacecraft. The NDAs occurred in the nightside sector, separated from the equatorward boundary of the auroral oval, and were observed during the main and recovery phases of the geomagnetic storm on 02 October 2013. The occurrence of the NDAs appears to correlate with the expanding auroral oval toward lower latitudes, and is independent of the polarity change in the interplanetary magnetic field Bz component. Particle measurements indicate that the NDAs were generated by energetic protons, primarily above 10 keV, originating from the ring current. These precipitating proton fluxes, predominantly anisotropic, were observed to be detached from the isotropic boundary within the auroral oval. Analysis of Pc1 data obtained by ground stations suggests that electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves account for the generation of the NDAs. The limited latitudinal distribution of the NDAs indicates the wave activity in the magnetospheric source region within a narrow L‐shell region. The observations presented in this study would contribute to our understanding of the coupling processes between the magnetosphere and ionosphere within the subauroral region.
Patient adherence in orthodontics: a protocol for a scoping review
Authors: van der Bie R. M. , Bos A. , Bruers J. J. M. , Jonkman R. E. G. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Patient adherence is a key factor in achieving orthodontic success. While in recent years there have been changes in orthodontic healthcare, no recent comprehensive reviews regarding adherence in orthodontics are available. Therefore, the aim of this planned scoping review is to systematically map the available literature regarding patient adherence in orthodontics to identify factors associated with patient adherence and to investigate if there are knowledge gaps in the available literature.

Methods/design
This protocol was drafted according to guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) statement and the PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). For the methods Arksey and O’Malley’s framework and the Reviewer’s Manual of the Joanna Briggs Institute for conducting scoping reviews were consulted. The inclusion criteria for this scoping review are studies of all designs assessing any form of adherence in orthodontics, published in English from 2006 onwards. The exclusion criteria are studies investigating adherence in the following patients: those with an intellectual or physical disability that could affect their ability to coincide with their therapist’s recommendations and advice, those with oral cleft and craniofacial conditions, and those solely treated for obstructive sleep apnoea. Case reports and studies published in non peer reviewed journals will also be excluded. The following electronic databases will be searched: Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science Core Collection. The following key terms will be used in the search strategies: ‘treatment adherence and compliance’, and ‘orthodontics’. Multiple reviewers will independently screen the results and perform the data charting process. A narrative description will be provided for the analysis of the included studies. The results will be categorized into multiple topics based on recommendations by previous studies into patient adherence. Identified knowledge gaps will be reported and recommendations for future research will be suggested.

Discussion
No systematic review has previously assessed this exact topic. Because of the broad-spectrum research questions and the expected widely scattered literature a scoping review approach was chosen over a systematic review approach. The Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA) has been conducting research in patient adherence in orthodontics up to 2006 and therefore only studies published from 2006 onwards will be researched in this review. Identifying knowledge gaps and summarizing and disseminating research findings on this topic is important for every dental professional performing orthodontic treatment. This protocol is registered in the Open Science Framework: https://osf.io/ec6qd
HMGA1 promotes the progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by elevating TKT-mediated upregulation of pentose phosphate pathway
Authors: Liu Meng-Jie , Zhao Yuan , Li Qiu-Tong , Lei Xin-Yuan , He Kai-Yue , Guo Jin-Rong , Yang Jing-Yu , Yan Zhen-Hua , Wu Dan-Hui , Zhang Lei , Jian Yong-Ping , Xu Zhi-Xiang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEsophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) possesses a poor prognosis and treatment outcome. Dysregulated metabolism contributes to unrestricted growth of multiple cancers. However, abnormal metabolism, such as highly activated pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) in the progression of ESCC remains largely unknown. Herein, we report that high-mobility group AT-hook 1 (HMGA1), a structural transcriptional factor involved in chromatin remodeling, promoted the development of ESCC by upregulating the PPP. We found that HMGA1 was highly expressed in ESCC. Elevated HMGA1 promoted the malignant phenotype of ESCC cells. Conditional knockout of HMGA1 markedly reduced 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO)-induced esophageal tumorigenesis in mice. Through the metabolomic analysis and the validation assay, we found that HMGA1 upregulated the non-oxidative PPP. With the transcriptome sequencing, we identified that HMGA1 upregulated the expression of transketolase (TKT), which catalyzes the reversible reaction in non-oxidative PPP to exchange metabolites with glycolytic pathway. HMGA1 knockdown suppressed the PPP by downregulating TKT, resulting in the reduction of nucleotides in ESCC cells. Overexpression of HMGA1 upregulated PPP and promoted the survival of ESCC cells by activating TKT. We further characterized that HMGA1 promoted the transcription of TKT by interacting with and enhancing the binding of transcription factor SP1 to the promoter of TKT. Therapeutics targeting TKT with an inhibitor, oxythiamine, reduced HMGA1-induced ESCC cell proliferation and tumor growth. Together, in this study, we identified a new role of HMGA1 in ESCCs by upregulating TKT-mediated activation of PPP. Our results provided a new insight into the role of HMGA1/TKT/PPP in ESCC tumorigenesis and targeted therapy.
In vitro resistance development gives insights into molecular resistance mechanisms against cefiderocol
Authors: Kriz Richard , Spettel Kathrin , Pichler Alina , Schefberger Katharina , Sanz-Codina Maria , Lötsch Felix , Harrison Nicole , Willinger Birgit , Zeitlinger Markus , Burgmann Heinz , Lagler Heimo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCefiderocol, a novel siderophore cephalosporin, demonstrates promising in vitro activity against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, including carbapenemase-producing strains. Nonetheless, only a few reports are available regarding the acquisition of resistance in clinical settings, primarily due to its recent usage. This study aimed to investigate cefiderocol resistance using an in vitro resistance development model to gain insights into the underlying molecular resistance mechanisms. Cefiderocol susceptible reference strains (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and a clinical Acinetobacter baumannii complex isolate were exposed to increasing cefiderocol concentrations using a high-throughput resistance development model. Cefiderocol susceptibility testing was performed using broth microdilution. Whole-genome sequencing was employed to identify newly acquired resistance mutations. Our in vitro resistance development model led to several clones of strains exhibiting cefiderocol resistance, with MIC values 8-fold to 512-fold higher than initial levels. In total, we found 42 different mutations in 26 genes, of which 35 could be described for the first time. Putative loss-of-function mutations were detected in the envZ, tonB, and cirA genes in 13 out of 17 isolates, leading to a decrease in cefiderocol influx. Other potential resistance mechanisms included multidrug efflux pumps (baeS, czcS, nalC), antibiotic-inactivating enzymes (ampR, dacB), and target mutations in penicillin-binding-protein genes (mrcB). This study reveals new insights into underlying molecular resistance mechanisms against cefiderocol. While mutations leading to reduced influx via iron transporters was the most frequent resistance mechanism, we also detected several other novel resistance mutations causing cefiderocol resistance.
Fast boulder fracturing by thermal fatigue detected on stony asteroids
Authors: Lucchetti A. , Cambioni S. , Nakano R. , Barnouin O. S. , Pajola M. , Penasa L. , Tusberti F. , Ramesh K. T. , Dotto E. , Ernst C. M. , Daly R. T. , Mazzotta Epifani E. , Hirabayashi M. , Parro L. , Poggiali G. , Campo Bagatin A. , Ballouz R.-L. , Chabot N. L. , Michel P. , Murdoch N. , Vincent J. B. , Karatekin Ö. , Rivkin A. S. , Sunshine J. M. , Kohout T. , Deshapriya J.D.P. , Hasselmann P.H.A. , Ieva S. , Beccarelli J. , Ivanovski S. L. , Rossi A. , Ferrari F. , Rossi C. , Raducan S. D. , Steckloff J. , Schwartz S. , Brucato J. R. , Dall’Ora M. , Zinzi A. , Cheng A. F. , Amoroso M. , Bertini I. , Capannolo A. , Caporali S. , Ceresoli M. , Cremonese G. , Della Corte V. , Gai I. , Gomez Casajus L. , Gramigna E. , Impresario G. , Lasagni Manghi R. , Lavagna M. , Lombardo M. , Modenini D. , Palumbo P. , Perna D. , Pirrotta S. , Tortora P. , Zannoni M. , Zanotti G. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSpacecraft observations revealed that rocks on carbonaceous asteroids, which constitute the most numerous class by composition, can develop millimeter-to-meter-scale fractures due to thermal stresses. However, signatures of this process on the second-most populous group of asteroids, the S-complex, have been poorly constrained. Here, we report observations of boulders’ fractures on Dimorphos, which is the moonlet of the S-complex asteroid (65803) Didymos, the target of NASA’s Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) planetary defense mission. We show that the size-frequency distribution and orientation of the mapped fractures are consistent with formation through thermal fatigue. The fractures’ preferential orientation supports that these have originated in situ on Dimorphos boulders and not on Didymos boulders later transferred to Dimorphos. Based on our model of the fracture propagation, we propose that thermal fatigue on rocks exposed on the surface of S-type asteroids can form shallow, horizontally propagating fractures in much shorter timescales (100 kyr) than in the direction normal to the boulder surface (order of Myrs). The presence of boulder fields affected by thermal fracturing on near-Earth asteroid surfaces may contribute to an enhancement in the ejected mass and momentum from kinetic impactors when deflecting asteroids.
The geology and evolution of the Near-Earth binary asteroid system (65803) Didymos
Authors: Barnouin Olivier , Ballouz Ronald-Louis , Marchi Simone , Vincent Jean-Baptiste , Agrusa Harrison , Zhang Yun , Ernst Carolyn M. , Pajola Maurizio , Tusberti Filippo , Lucchetti Alice , Daly R. Terik , Palmer Eric , Walsh Kevin J. , Michel Patrick , Sunshine Jessica M. , Rizos Juan L. , Farnham Tony L. , Richardson Derek C. , Parro Laura M. , Murdoch Naomi , Robin Colas Q. , Hirabayashi Masatoshi , Kahout Tomas , Asphaug Erik , Raducan Sabina D. , Jutzi Martin , Ferrari Fabio , Hasselmann Pedro Henrique Aragao , CampoBagatin Adriano , Chabot Nancy L. , Li Jian-Yang , Cheng Andrew F. , Nolan Michael C. , Stickle Angela M. , Karatekin Ozgur , Dotto Elisabetta , Della Corte Vincenzo , Mazzotta Epifani Elena , Rossi Alessandro , Gai Igor , Deshapriya Jasinghege Don Prasanna , Bertini Ivano , Zinzi Angelo , Trigo-Rodriguez Josep M. , Beccarelli Joel , Ivanovski Stavro Lambrov , Brucato John Robert , Poggiali Giovanni , Zanotti Giovanni , Amoroso Marilena , Capannolo Andrea , Cremonese Gabriele , Dall’Ora Massimo , Ieva Simone , Impresario Gabriele , Lavagn Michèle , Modenini Dario , Palumbo Pasquale , Perna Davide , Pirrotta Simone , Tortora Paolo , Zannoni Marco , Rivkin Andrew S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractImages collected during NASA’s Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission provide the first resolved views of the Didymos binary asteroid system. These images reveal that the primary asteroid, Didymos, is flattened and has plausible undulations along its equatorial perimeter. At high elevations, its surface is rough and contains large boulders and craters; at low elevations its surface is smooth and possesses fewer large boulders and craters. Didymos’ moon, Dimorphos, possesses an intimate mixture of boulders, several asteroid-wide lineaments, and a handful of craters. The surfaces of both asteroids include boulders that are large relative to their host body, suggesting that both asteroids are rubble piles. Based on these observations, our models indicate that Didymos has a surface cohesion ≤ 1 Pa and an interior cohesion of ∼10 Pa, while Dimorphos has a surface cohesion of <0.9 Pa. Crater size-frequency analyzes indicate the surface age of Didymos is 40–130 times older than Dimorphos, with likely absolute ages of $$\sim$$
~
12.5 Myr and <0.3 Myr, respectively. Solar radiation could have increased Didymos’ spin rate leading to internal deformation and surface mass shedding, which likely created Dimorphos.