bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intervenir auprès d’adultes dépendants en rechute : point de vue de l’usager et de l’intervenant
Authors: Gormley Amélie , Laventure Myriam 
Published: February 2014

Les recherches stipulent qu’entre 40 % et 90 % des personnes présentant une dépendance à l’alcool ou aux drogues expérimenteraient au moins une rechute après avoir reçu des services d’aide (Douaihy, Stowell, Park et Daley, 2007 ; Marlatt et Gordon, 1985 ; McLellan, 2002 ; Weisner, Matzger et Kaskutas, 2003). Plus de la moitié de ces usagers feraient de nouveau appel aux services et 13 % utiliseraient ces mêmes services à cinq reprises et plus (Office of Applied Studies, 2002). La présente étude a pour objectif d’identifier les raisons qui incitent les personnes expérimentant une ou plusieurs rechutes à retourner vers les mêmes services, les besoins de ces personnes, les services qui pourraient répondre à leurs besoins ainsi que les attitudes professionnelles favorisant le maintien et le retour dans les services. Les données résultent d’entrevues semi-structurées, réalisées à partir d’un échantillon composé de 11 usagers et de 10 intervenants psychosociaux provenant d’un centre de réadaptation public du Québec qui est spécialisé en dépendance. Les résultats suggèrent que les usagers ayant expérimenté une ou plusieurs rechutes dans le passé demanderaient des services plus intensifs et à plus long terme. Par ailleurs, les résultats font ressortir l’importance d’une aide extérieure, d’un réseau social de soutien et de la qualité de la relation avec le professionnel dans le rétablissement des personnes ayant expérimenté une ou plusieurs rechutes. Les résultats de cette étude nous amènent à proposer plusieurs avenues intéressantes pour le développement et l’adaptation des services actuels à la clientèle qui est confrontée à une ou plusieurs rechutes.
ProteinO‐Mannosylation in Metazoan Organisms
Authors: Panin Vladislav M. , Wells Lance 
Published: February 2014

AbstractProteinO‐mannosylation is a special type of glycosylation that plays prominent roles in metazoans, affecting development and physiology of the nervous system and muscles. A major biological effect ofO‐mannosylation involves the regulation of α‐dystroglycan, a membrane glycoprotein mediating cell–extracellular matrix interactions. Genetic defects ofO‐mannosylation result in the loss of ligand‐binding activity of α‐dystroglycan and cause congenital muscular dystrophies termed dystroglycanopathies. Recent progress in mass spectrometry and in vitro analyses has shed new light on the mechanism of α‐dystroglycan glycosylation; however, this mechanism is underlain by complex genetic and molecular elements that remain poorly understood. ProteinO‐mannosylation is evolutionarily conserved in metazoans, yet the pathway is simplified and more amenable to genetic analyses in invertebrate organisms, indicating that genetically tractable in vivo models could facilitate research in this area. This unit describes recent methodological strategies for studying proteinO‐mannosylation using in vitro and in vivo approaches.Curr. Protoc. Protein Sci. 75:12.12.1‐12.12.29. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Evaluating soil biogeochemistry parameterizations in Earth system models with observations
Authors: Wieder William R. , Boehnert Jennifer , Bonan Gordon B. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractSoils contain large reservoirs of terrestrial carbon (C), yet soil C dynamics simulated in Earth systems models show little agreement with each other or with observational data sets. This uncertainty underscores the need to develop a framework to more thoroughly evaluate model parameterizations, structures, and projections. Toward this end we used an analytical solution to calculate approximate equilibrium soil C pools for the Community Land Model version 4 (CLM4cn) and Daily Century (DAYCENT) soil biogeochemistry models. Neither model generated sufficient soil C pools when forced with litterfall inputs from CLM4cn; however, global totals and spatial correlations of soil C pools for both models improved when calculated with litterfall inputs derived from observational data. DAYCENT required additional modifications to simulate soil C pools in deeper soils (0–100 cm). Our best simulations produced global soil C pools totaling 746 and 978 Pg C for CLM4cn and DAYCENT parameterizations, respectively, compared to observational estimates of 1259 Pg C. In spite of their differences in complexity and equilibrium soil C pools, predictions of soil C losses with warming temperatures through 2100 were strikingly similar for both models. Ultimately, CLM4cn and DAYCENT come from the same class of models that represent the turnover of soil C as a first‐order decay process. While this approach may have utility in calculating steady state soil C pools, the applicability of this model configuration in transient simulations remains poorly evaluated.
The relationship between sawtooth events and O+ in the plasma sheet
Authors: Liao J. , Cai X. , Kistler L. M. , Clauer C. R. , Mouikis C. G. , Klecker B. , Dandouras I. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn order to study the relationship between sawtooth events and the composition of the plasma sheet, we perform a superposed epoch analysis (SEA) of the O+ concentration inside the near‐Earth plasma sheet during sawtooth events and substorms sorted by different geomagnetic storm phases, using Cluster/Composition Distribution Function data. The SEA shows that the O+ content increases during sawtooth growth phase, regardless of storm phase, and reaches 20% around the onset of dipolarization. For storm main phase events, the plasma sheet O+ concentration during sawtooth events is only slightly higher than that observed during substorm events. However, for storm recovery phase and nonstorm time events, there is significantly more O+ within the plasma sheet during sawtooth events than during substorm events. No difference is found in the comparison between the O+/H+ density ratio changes during the first tooth and the subsequent teeth in a series of a sawtooth interval. Hence, there is no evidence to support the hypothesis that due to the higher O+ inside the plasma sheet, subsequent teeth will lead to a closer near‐Earth X line and then a wider magnetic local time response. Finally, despite the association between sawtooth events and high O+/H+ ratio, there are times when the O+/H+ density ratio is high in the plasma sheet but no sawtooth event is observed, and there are sawtooth events when the O+/H+ ratio is low. This indicates that enhanced O+ is neither a necessary nor a sufficient condition but is likely one of many factors that play a role in triggering sawtooth events.
A fixed sublithospheric source for the late Neogene track of the Yellowstone hotspot: Implications of the Heise and Picabo volcanic fields
Authors: Anders Mark H. , Rodgers David W. , Hemming Sidney R. , Saltzman Janet , DiVenere Victor J. , Hagstrum Jonathan T. , Embree Glenn F. , Walter Robert C. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe Heise and Picabo volcanic fields of eastern Idaho are part of the more extensive time‐transgressive Yellowstone‐Snake River Plain hotspot track. Calderas associated with these two silicic volcanic fields are buried under 1 to 3 km of younger basalt, so their locations and eruption record histories have been based on analysis of silicic units along the margins of the eastern Snake River Plain along with some limited geophysical data. A 1.5 km borehole penetrating through basalt into underlying silicic rocks provides new data we used to reassess caldera locations and the timing of eruptions of these volcanic fields. Using these new caldera locations, we calculate an extension‐adjusted rate of 2.35 cm/yr for the North American plate over the last 6.66 m.y. and a velocity of 2.30 cm/yr over the 10.27 m.y. Recalculation of a previously determined plate velocity‐based migration of the deformation field surrounding the eastern Snake River Plain yields an extension‐adjusted rate of 2.38 ± 0.21 cm/yr. These migration rates all fall within the previously published range of North American plate velocities of 2.2 ± 0.8 cm/yr, 2.4 cm/yr, and 2.68 ± 0.78 cm/yr based on a global hot spot reference frame. The consistency of these rates suggest that over the last 10 m.y., the Yellowstone hot spot is fixed with respect to the motion of the North American plate and therefore consistent with a classical deep‐sourced hotspot model.
A risk‐based approach to flood management decisions in a nonstationary world
Authors: Rosner Ana , Vogel Richard M. , Kirshen Paul H. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractTraditional approaches to flood management in a nonstationary world begin with a null hypothesis test of “no trend” and its likelihood, with little or no attention given to the likelihood that we might ignore a trend if it really existed. Concluding a trend exists when it does not, or rejecting a trend when it exists are known as type I and type II errors, respectively. Decision‐makers are poorly served by statistical and/or decision methods that do not carefully consider both over‐ and under‐preparation errors, respectively. Similarly, little attention is given to how to integrate uncertainty in our ability to detect trends into a flood management decision context. We show how trend hypothesis test results can be combined with an adaptation's infrastructure costs and damages avoided to provide a rational decision approach in a nonstationary world. The criterion of expected regret is shown to be a useful metric that integrates the statistical, economic, and hydrological aspects of the flood management problem in a nonstationary world.
Quantitative estimate of the paleo‐Agulhas leakage
Authors: Caley Thibaut , Peeters Frank J. C. , Biastoch Arne , Rossignol Linda , van Sebille Erik , Durgadoo Jonathan , Malaizé Bruno , Giraudeau Jacques , Arthur Kristina , Zahn Rainer 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe Indian‐Atlantic water exchange south of Africa (Agulhas leakage) is a key component of the global ocean circulation. No quantitative estimation of the paleo‐Agulhas leakage exists. We quantify the variability in interocean exchange over the past 640,000 years, using planktic foraminiferal assemblage data from two marine sediment records to define an Agulhas leakage efficiency index. We confirm the validity of our new approach with a numerical ocean model that realistically simulates the modern Agulhas leakage changes. Our results suggest that, during the past several glacial‐interglacial cycles, the Agulhas leakage varied by ~10 sverdrup and more during major climatic transitions. This lends strong credence to the hypothesis that modifications in the leakage played a key role in changing the overturning circulation to full strength mode. Our results are instrumental for validating and quantifying the contribution of the Indian‐Atlantic water leakage to the global climate changes.
A Convenient Synthetic Protocol to 1,2‐Bis(dialkylphosphino)ethanes
Authors: Doyle Laurence R. , Heath Alex , Low Choon Heng , Ashley Andrew E. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract1,2‐Bis(dialkylphosphino)ethanes are readily prepared from the parent phosphine oxides, via a novel sodium aluminium hydride/sodium hydride reduction protocol of intermediate chlorophosphonium chlorides. This approach is amenable to multi‐gram syntheses, utilises readily available and inexpensive reagents, and benefits from a facile non‐aqueous work‐up in the final reductive step.magnified image
Organocatalytic Domino Reaction of Electron‐Deficient 2,4‐Dienes with 2‐Halo‐1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds: A Highly Regio‐ and Stereoselective Approach to Functionalized Five‐Membered Carbocycles
Authors: Xie Jian‐Wu , Xu Mei‐Lan , Zhang Ren‐Zun , Pan Jin‐Yun , Zhu Wei‐Dong 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAn unexpected domino reaction of electron‐deficient 2,4‐dienes with 2‐halo‐1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds, employing the readily available N‐(4‐trifluoromethylbenzyl)cinchonium bromide as the phase‐transfer catalyst, provides an access to functionalized cyclopentenes and fulvene derivatives with excellent regio‐, chemo‐ and stereoselectivities. A plausible mechanism for this unprecedented domino reaction is given.magnified image
Chemoselective Ruthenium‐Catalysed Reduction of Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Fernández‐Salas José A. , Manzini Simone , Nolan Steven P. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractA very general and efficient catalytic protocol for the selective reduction of carboxylic acids to their corresponding alcohols under mild conditions is described. Various carboxylic acids, including benzoic acids, were reduced in good yields using the presented methodology. The ruthenium‐catalysed method yields a highly chemoselective reduction permitting the reduction of a carboxylic acid functionality in the presence of numerous other potentially reducible moieties.magnified image
Stimuli‐Responsive Microjets with Reconfigurable Shape
Authors: Magdanz Veronika , Stoychev Georgi , Ionov Leonid , Sanchez Samuel , Schmidt Oliver. G. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractFlexible thermoresponsive polymeric microjets are formed by the self‐folding of polymeric layers containing a thin Pt film used as catalyst for self‐propulsion in solutions containing hydrogen peroxide. The flexible microjets can reversibly fold and unfold in an accurate manner by applying changes in temperature to the solution in which they are immersed. This effect allows microjets to rapidly start and stop multiple times by controlling the radius of curvature of the microjet. This work opens many possibilities in the field of artificial nanodevices, for fundamental studies on self‐propulsion at the microscale, and also for biorelated applications.
Real‐Time Monitoring of Auxin Vesicular Exocytotic Efflux from Single Plant Protoplasts by Amperometry at Microelectrodes Decorated with Nanowires
Authors: Liu Jun‐Tao , Hu Liang‐Sheng , Liu Yan‐Ling , Chen Rong‐Sheng , Cheng Zhi , Chen Shi‐Jing , Amatore Christian , Huang Wei‐Hua , Huo Kai‐Fu 
Published: January 2014

AbstractRecent biochemical results suggest that auxin (IAA) efflux is mediated by a vesicular cycling mechanism, but no direct detection of vesicular IAA release from single plant cells in real‐time has been possible up to now. A TiC@C/Pt‐QANFA micro‐electrochemical sensor has been developed with high sensitivity in detection of IAA, and it allows real‐time monitoring and quantification of the quantal release of auxin from single plant protoplast by exocytosis.
The Activation of Sulfur Hexafluoride at Highly Reduced Low‐Coordinate Nickel Dinitrogen Complexes
Authors: Holze Patrick , Horn Bettina , Limberg Christian , Matlachowski Corinna , Mebs Stefan 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe greenhouse gas sulfur hexafluoride is the common standard example in the literature of a very inert inorganic small molecule that is even stable against O2 in an electric discharge. However, a reduced β‐diketiminate nickel species proved to be capable of converting SF6 into sulfide and fluoride compounds at ambient standard conditions. The fluoride product complex features an unprecedented [NiF]+ unit, where the Ni atom is only three‐coordinate, while the sulfide product exhibits a rare almost linear [Ni(μ‐S)Ni]2+ moiety. The reaction was monitored applying 1H NMR, IR and EPR spectroscopic techniques resulting in the identification of an intermediate nickel complex that gave insight into the mechanism of the eight‐electron reduction of SF6.
The Electronic Ground State of [Fe(CO)3(NO)]−: A Spectroscopic and Theoretical Study
Authors: Klein Johannes E. M. N. , Miehlich Burkhard , Holzwarth Michael S. , Bauer Matthias , Milek Magdalena , Khusniyarov Marat M. , Knizia Gerald , Werner Hans‐Joachim , Plietker Bernd 
Published: January 2014

AbstractDuring the past 10 years iron‐catalyzed reactions have become established in the field of organic synthesis. For example, the complex anion [Fe(CO)3(NO)]−, which was originally described by Hogsed and Hieber, shows catalytic activity in various organic reactions. This anion is commonly regarded as being isoelectronic with [Fe(CO)4]2−, which, however, shows poor catalytic activity. The spectroscopic and quantum chemical investigations presented herein reveal that the complex ferrate [Fe(CO)3(NO)]− cannot be regarded as a Fe−II species, but rather is predominantly a Fe0 species, in which the metal is covalently bonded to NO− by two π‐bonds. A metal–N σ‐bond is not observed.
Total Synthesis of the Antimitotic Marine Macrolide (−)‐Leiodermatolide
Authors: Paterson Ian , Ng Kenneth K.‐H. , Williams Simon , Millican David C. , Dalby Stephen M. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractLeiodermatolide is an antimitotic macrolide isolated from the marine sponge Leiodermatium sp. whose potentially novel tubulin‐targeting mechanism of action makes it an exciting lead for anticancer drug discovery. In pursuit of a sustainable supply, we report a highly stereocontrolled total synthesis (3.2 % yield) based on a convergent sequence of palladium‐mediated fragment assembly and macrolactonization. Boron‐mediated aldol reactions were used to configure the three key fragments 2, 5, and 6 by employing the appropriate enantiomer of the lactate‐derived ketone 7.
α‐MsO/TsO/Cl Ketones as Oxidized Alkyne Equivalents: Redox‐Neutral Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed CH Activation for the Synthesis of N‐Heterocycles
Authors: Yu Da‐Gang , de Azambuja Francisco , Glorius Frank 
Published: February 2014

Abstractα‐Halo and pseudohalo ketones are used for the first time as C(sp3)‐based electrophiles in transition‐metal‐catalyzed CH activation and as oxidized alkyne equivalents in RhIII‐catalyzed redox‐neutral annulations to generate diverse N‐heterocycles. This transformation is efficient and scalable. Due to the mild reaction conditions, a variety of functional groups could be tolerated.
Study and modelling drying of banana slices under superheated steam
Authors: Hamawand Ihsan , Yusaf Talal , Bennett John 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTIn this research, a steam oven was used to study drying of banana fruit in a variety of steam–air percentages and temperatures. The drying process stopped when the samples reached a moisture content equal or less than 8%. The inversion temperature in this study that has a significant influence on energy consumption in the process has been detected not only as a function of temperature but also as a function of the sample's thickness as well. Inversion temperature was detected at a sample thickness higher than 6 mm and drying medium temperature higher than 160 °C. The modelling of the drying process was divided into three periods: initial condensation–evaporation period, constant rate period and falling rate period. The models for temperature at the centre of the sample during initial condensation period, sample's moisture content during initial condensation–evaporation period, sample's moisture content during constant and falling rate periods showed good agreements with the experimental data with relative absolute errors of 14%, 1.5% and 5%, respectively. © 2014 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigating the joint choice behavior of intercity transport mode and high‐speed rail cabin with a strategy map
Authors: Yang Chih‐Wen , Tsai Ming‐Chih , Chang Cheng‐Chih 
Published: February 2014

SummaryThis paper investigates the joint choice behavior of intercity transport modes and high‐speed rail cabin class within a two‐dimensional choice structure. Although numerous studies have been conducted on the mode choice behavior, little is known about the influence of cabin class on their intercity traveling choice. Hence, this study is conducted with a revealed preference survey to investigate the intercity traveling behavior for the western corridor of Taiwan. The results of nested logit model reveal that a cabin strategy has a more significant influence on cabin choice than on mode choice. Furthermore, this study proposes a new strategy map concept to assist transport operators in defining and implementing their pricing strategies. The results suggest that to capture a higher market share, high‐speed rail operators should choose an active price reduction strategy, while bus and rail operators are advised to implement a passive price increase strategy to raise unit revenue. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Entwerfen von Eisenbahnbrücken für dynamische Einwirkungen aus dem Hochgeschwindigkeitsverkehr
Authors: Marx Steffen , Schneider Sebastian 
Published: February 2014

AbstractDieser Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit dem dynamischen Verhalten von Eisenbahnbrücken für Hochgeschwindigkeitsverkehr und stellt die Auswirkungen von Tragwerksanpassungen auf die Tragwerksreaktionen infolge Zugüberfahrt dar. Zunächst wird das dynamische Verhalten von Einfeldträgern betrachtet, welche als Einfeldträgerketten für Überfahrten von Hochgeschwindigkeitszügen sowohl in technischer als auch in ästhetischer Hinsicht das denkbar ungünstigste Tragwerk darstellen. Deshalb wurden systematisch alternative statische Systeme untersucht, um die dynamische Charakteristik von Eisenbahnbrücken im Entwurf gezielt zu beeinflussen. Wegen der starken Wechselwirkungen zwischen dem überfahrenden Zug und dem Brückenbauwerk kann die Auswirkung von Systemveränderungen im Vorfeld nur schwer abgeschätzt werden. Durchlaufträgersysteme mit Gesamtlängen von mehr als 30 m weisen, verglichen mit Einfeldträgern, generell geringere Tragwerksreaktionen auf und können bei gleichen Querschnitten mit deutlich höheren Geschwindigkeiten überfahren werden. Durch die Anordnung von Vouten lassen sich speziell die Eigenfrequenzen erhöhen, deren zugehörige Eigenform Krümmungen im Bereich der Stützung aufweist. Verkürzungen der Randfelder führen zur Erhöhung aller Eigenfrequenzen und somit der Resonanzgeschwindigkeiten. Mit den hier vorgestellten Erkenntnissen lässt sich die dynamische Stabilität von Hochgeschwindigkeitseisenbahnbrücken schon im Entwurf gezielt verbessern.Design of high‐speed railway bridges to dynamic exposureThis article deals with the dynamic behaviour of high‐speed railway bridges due to crossing trains and shows the impact of specific adjustments to the dynamic response of the superstructure. Initially the dynamic behaviour of single span beams is being observed, which are, as sequential sinlge span beams, imaginably an unfavourable structure in terms of efficiency and aesthetics. Therefore, alternative structural systems are being investigated, to influence the dynamic characteristics of railway bridges during the early design stages. Because of the interaction between the crossing train and the superstructure, the impact of changes in the structural system can hardly be estimated. Continuous beams with an overall length of more than 30 m show lower dynamic responses than single span beams and can be used with much higher velocities, even with the same cross section. Especially those natural frequencies, whose natural modes show a curvature at the supports, can be increased by adding haunches. Shortening the side spans lead to an increase of all natural frequencies and resonant velocities. By using the knowledge presented in this article, the dynamic stability of high‐speed railway bridges can be improved even during the early design stages.