bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does Whirling Disease Mediate Hybridization between a Native and Nonnative Trout?
Authors: Carim Kellie , Eby Lisa , Pierce Ron 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The spread of nonnative species over the last century has profoundly altered freshwater ecosystems, resulting in novel species assemblages. Interactions between nonnative species may alter their impacts on native species, yet few studies have addressed multispecies interactions. The spread of whirling disease, caused by the nonnative parasite Myxobolus cerebralis, has generated declines in wild trout populations across western North America. Westslope Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi in the northern Rocky Mountains are threatened by hybridization with introduced Rainbow Trout O. mykiss. Rainbow Trout are more susceptible to whirling disease than Cutthroat Trout and may be more vulnerable due to differences in spawning location. We hypothesized that the presence of whirling disease in a stream would (1) reduce levels of introgressive hybridization at the site scale and (2) limit the size of the hybrid zone at the whole-stream scale. We measured levels of introgression and the spatial extent of hybridization between Rainbow Trout and Westslope Cutthroat Trout in four disease-positive streams and six disease-negative streams within the Blackfoot River basin of Montana. In addition to disease status, we considered habitat quality, stream slope, distance from the confluence, temperature, and elevation. Whirling disease presence was not associated with either the level of introgression at a site or the size of the hybrid zone. Temperature, elevation, and stream slope were all influential in determining levels of introgression at the site scale. Stream slope was the most influential factor determining the size of the hybrid zone, as longer, steeper streams contained smaller hybrid zones. Stream slope is a driver of many habitat characteristics that may provide refuge from invasive species in the coming decades. Although the multispecies interactions examined in this study did not alter the impacts of invasion on native species, community assemblages will continue to change with the spread of nonnative species, requiring continued assessment to determine their impacts on native species.
Received May 15, 2014; accepted January 7, 2015
Effect of varied recovery interventions on markers of psychophysiological stress in professional rugby union
Authors: Lindsay Angus , Lewis John , Gill Nicholas , Gieseg Steven P. , Draper Nick 
Published: April 2015

AbstractRugby union is a physical demanding sport that requires optimum recovery between games to maintain performance levels. Analysis of four unique biochemical markers of stress is measured here to determine which recovery strategy currently in use by a professional team provides the necessary requirements for sustained performance. Urine and saliva samples were collected from 37 professional rugby players before, immediately after and 36 hours after five home games, and analysed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and high performance liquid chromatography for urinary myoglobin, total neopterin (NP; NP + 7,8‐dihydroneopterin), salivary cortisol and immunoglobulin A. Subjects completed a cold water immersion (CWI) or pool session (PS), donned compression garments, consumed protein and carbohydrate food and fluid, and slept for 8 hours post‐game. The following day subjects choose from one or a combination of CWI, PS or active recovery/stretching to complete. There was no difference between the recovery protocols for cortisol, total NP, immunoglobulin A concentration or myoglobin at 36 hours post‐game. Immunoglobulin A secretion rate significantly increased above pre‐game levels at 36 hours post‐game for all protocols; however, protocol three did not increase as much (p = 0.038). Total NP was also significantly increased above pre‐game levels at 36 hours post‐game for all protocols. This study provides evidence that the immediate post‐game recovery intervention following a game of professional rugby union may be the most important aspect of psychophysiological player recovery, irrespective of the “next‐day” intervention. The concentrations of total NP and immunoglobulin A suggest these professional rugby players are still in a state of recovery 36 hours post‐game.
Anti-Semaphorin 3A neutralization monoclonal antibody prevents sepsis development in lipopolysaccharide-treated mice
Authors: Yamashita Naoya , Jitsuki-Takahashi Aoi , Ogawara Miyuki , Ohkubo Wataru , Araki Tomomi , Hotta Chie , Tamura Tomohiko , Hashimoto Shu-ichi , Yabuki Takashi , Tsuji Toru , Sasakura Yukie , Okumura Hiromi , Takaiwa Aki , Koyama Chika , Murakami Koji , Goshima Yoshio 
Published: April 2015

AbstractSemaphorin 3A (Sema3A), originally identified as a potent growth cone collapsing factor in developing sensory neurons, is now recognized as a key player in immune, cardiovascular, bone metabolism and neurological systems. Here we established an anti-Sema3A monoclonal antibody that neutralizes the effects of Sema3A both in vitro and in vivo. The anti-Sema3A neutralization chick IgM antibodies were screened by combining an autonomously diversifying library selection system and an in vitro growth cone collapse assay. We further developed function-blocking chick-mouse chimeric and humanized anti-Sema3A antibodies. We found that our anti-Sema3A antibodies were effective for improving the survival rate in lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis in mice. Our antibody is a potential therapeutic agent that may prevent the onset of or alleviate symptoms of human diseases associated with Sema3A.
The ever-evolving landscape of candidaemia in patients with acute leukaemia: non-susceptibility to caspofungin and multidrug resistance are associated with increased mortality
Authors: Wang Emily , Farmakiotis Dimitrios , Yang Daisy , McCue Deborah A. , Kantarjian Hagop M. , Kontoyiannis Dimitrios P. , Mathisen Michael S. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Objectives
The epidemiology and clinical course of candidaemia in patients with acute leukaemia, a population frequently exposed to antifungals, have not been extensively studied. In the present contemporary series of acute leukaemia patients, we describe patient characteristics, Candida species and MIC distributions and investigate the association between antifungal resistance and all-cause mortality.

Methods
We performed a retrospective review of medical records and microbiological data of adult patients with acute leukaemia or high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome with at least one positive blood culture for Candida species at the MD Anderson Cancer Center between January 2008 and October 2012. Susceptibility was defined according to the 2012 epidemiological cut-off values and clinical breakpoints.

Results
We identified 67 episodes of candidaemia in 65 patients. Almost all episodes (94%) occurred in patients who were receiving antifungal agents, 71% in patients receiving an echinocandin. Almost all isolates (99%) were of non-albicans Candida species [most frequently Candida parapsilosis (32%), Candida tropicalis (23%) and Candida glabrata (20%)]. Caspofungin non-susceptibility was significantly associated with fluconazole resistance (P &lt; 0.001). Non-susceptibility to caspofungin and multidrug resistance were associated with excess 14 day [adjusted HR (aHR) 3.02 (95% CI 1.28–7.09), P = 0.011 and aHR 3.02 (95% CI 1.27–7.14), P = 0.012, respectively] and 30 day [aHR 2.96 (95% CI 1.38–6.37), P = 0.005 and aHR 2.86 (95% CI 1.31–6.21), P = 0.008, respectively] all-cause mortality.

Conclusions
In patients with acute leukaemia, a shift in candidaemia epidemiology was noted with a 99% predominance of non-albicans species. Non-susceptibility of Candida strains to caspofungin or multidrug resistance were independent markers of poor outcome in this patient population.
First-line eradication rates comparing two shortened non-bismuth quadruple regimens againstHelicobacter pylori: an open-label, randomized, multicentre clinical trial
Authors: Cuadrado-Lavín Antonio , Salcines-Caviedes J. Ramón , Diaz-Perez Ainhoa , Carrascosa Miguel F. , Ochagavía María , Fernandez-Forcelledo José Luis , Cobo Marta , Fernández-Gil Pedro , Ayestarán Blanca , Sánchez Blanca , Campo Cristina , Llorca Javier , Lorenzo Silvia , Illaro Aitziber 
Published: April 2015

AbstractObjectivesHelicobacter pylori eradication remains a challenge. Non-bismuth-based quadruple regimens (NBQR) have shown high eradication rates (ER) elsewhere that need to be locally confirmed. The objective of this study was to compare the first-line ER of a hybrid therapy (20 mg of omeprazole twice daily and 1 g of amoxicillin twice daily for 10 days, adding 500 mg of clarithromycin twice daily and 500 mg of metronidazole every 8 h for the last 5 days; OA-OACM) with that of a 10 day concomitant regimen consisting of taking all four drugs twice daily every day (including 500 mg of metronidazole every 12 h; OACM). A 10 day arm with standard triple therapy (OAC; 20 mg of omeprazole/12 h, 1 g of amoxicillin/12 h and 500 mg of clarithromycin/12 h) was included.Patients and methodsThree hundred consecutive patients were randomized (1: 2: 2) into one of the three following regimens: (i) OAC (60); (ii) OA-OACM (120); and (iii) OACM (120). Eradication was generally confirmed by a [13C]urea breath test at least 4 weeks after the end of treatment. Adverse events and compliance were assessed. EudraCT: 2011-006258-99.ResultsITT cure rates were: OAC, 70.0% (42/60) (95% CI: 58.3–81.7); OA-OACM, 90.8% (109/120) (95% CI: 85.6–96.0); and OACM, 90.0% (107/119) (95% CI: 84.6–95.4). PP rates were: OAC, 72.4% (42/58) (95% CI: 60.8–84.1); OA-OACM, 93.9% (108/115) (95% CI: 89.5–98.3); and OACM, 90.3% (102/113) (95% CI: 84.8–95.8). Both NBQR significantly improved ER compared with OAC (P &lt; 0.01), but no differences were seen between them. Mean compliance was elevated [98.0% (SD = 9.8)] with no differences between groups. There were more adverse events in the quadruple arms (OACM, 65.8%; OA-OACM, 68.6%; OAC, 46.6%; P &lt; 0.05), but no significant differences between groups in terms of severity were seen.ConclusionsHybrid and concomitant regimens show good ER against H. pylori infection with an acceptable safety profile. They clearly displace OAC as first-line regimen in our area.
Minor works control in Hong Kong: a preliminary evaluation
Authors: WONG Johnny Kwok Wai , Shum Ringo W.H. 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– This study aims to understand the impacts of the Minor Works Control System (MWCS) on the performance of minor works contractors following its implementation in 2011, and specifically the initiatives adopted by minor works contractors in response to the new building control regime. Suggestions are made for the further improvement of the MWCS. Like many Western countries and Asian counterparts, Hong Kong has recently implemented a new building control system (the MWCS), which aims to restructure the building proposal approval process and shift the responsibility for building control from the public to the private sector. The effectiveness of the MWCS has been strongly questioned by the industry and the public.

Design/methodology/approach
– A mixed method including a questionnaire survey (quantitative) and focus group discussions (qualitative) was adopted to provide an initial evaluation of the impact of the MWCS on practitioners and the industry.

Findings
– The results suggest that implementation of the new control system has helped increase safety awareness and the technical capacity of minor works contractors. Despite these benefits, registered contractors are encountering challenges under the MWCS, such as manpower arrangement problems and higher business operating costs. Initiatives that include maintaining a sound financial background, an adequate in-house supervisory staff and a safe working environment are considered critical by practitioners to maintain their competitive edge under the new control regime.

Originality/value
– This study is one of the first studies in Hong Kong to evaluate the impact of the new building control system. The feedback and suggestions provided by the practitioners and experts during the research provide valuable insights for the government on how to provide support to practitioners under the MWCS to achieve a better built environment in Hong Kong.
Impacts of poor quality of information in the facility management field
Authors: Jylhä Tuuli , Suvanto Maila Elina 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– This paper aims to analyse the quality of information and its impact on the facility management (FM) service processes from a lean management perspective. Waste has a key role in lean management when improving productivity. Unfortunately, the potential of waste elimination has not been utilised in FM. Poorly managed information has already been recognised as a source of waste.Design/methodology/approach– The quality of information and related waste activities were studied in a value creation context through four in-depth case studies. The research included 130 interviews and workshops with the case organisations and their customers.Findings– The results confirm that poor quality of information produces a lot of waste activities. In the cross-case analysis, three impacts were found as a result of the poor quality of information in FM service processes: a lot of time is wasted for searching, a great deal of extra work is conducted and potential is lost.Research limitations/implications– Although the case study approach has its limitations, this study with its extensive data provides findings that are grounded in solid evidence.Practical implications– By utilising waste elimination and re-engineering value creation processes, FM organisations could improve the quality of information and increase their overall efficiency.Originality/value– This paper provides a deeper insight into the impacts that poor quality of information generates.
Improving confidence in environmental DNA species detection
Authors: Jerde Christopher L. , Mahon Andrew R. 
Published: April 2015

Will we catch fish today? Our grandfathers’ responses were usually something along the lines of, ‘Probably. I've caught them here before’. One of the foundations of ecology is identifying which species are present, and where. This informs our understanding of species richness patterns, spread of invasive species, and loss of threatened and endangered species due to environmental change. However, our understanding is often lacking, particularly in aquatic environments where biodiversity remains hidden below the water's surface. The emerging field of metagenetic species surveillance is aiding our ability to rapidly determine which aquatic species are present, and where. In this issue of Molecular Ecology Resources, Ficetola et al. () provide a framework for metagenetic environmental DNA surveillance to foster the confidence of our grandfathers’ fishing prowess by more rigorously evaluating the replication levels necessary to quantify detection errors and ultimately improving our confidence in aquatic species presence.
The Influence of Mood on Subordinates’ Ability to Resist Coercive Pressure in Public Accounting
Authors: Johnson Eric N. , Lowe D. Jordan , Reckers Philip M. J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis study reports on an experiment conducted to assess the influence of different affective mood states on auditors’ ability to resist obedience pressure to commit or overlook unethical acts in six audit contexts. Obedience pressure from superiors to comply with unethical directives is of particular concern in public accounting, given the hierarchical structure of audit teams and the power imbalance in superior–subordinate relationships. One hundred and seventy audit seniors from two large international public accounting firms participated in an experiment. Three different moods were induced in participants through work‐related trigger events: one positive active mood state (arousal) and two negative passive mood states (fear and insignificance). These mood states were anticipated to influence auditors’ expressed willingness to comply with their superiors’ unethical directives as set forth in our ethical scenarios. Our results indicate that low levels of arousal and high levels of fear and insignificance influenced compliance intentions. Our results also indicate overall high levels of expressed willingness to comply with superiors’ unethical directives. Implications of our findings for understanding the antecedents of unethical conduct within the accounting profession and for future research are discussed.
Early recognition of ipilimumab‐related autoimmune hypophysitis in patients with metastatic melanoma: Case studies and recommendations for management
Authors: Tiu Crescens , Pezaro Carmel , Davis Ian D , Grossmann Mathis , Parente Phillip 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIpilimumab is a human anti‐CTLA‐4 monoclonal antibody recently approved for the treatment of advanced melanoma. Stimulation of T‐cell activity unmasks antitumor activity, but can cause immune‐related adverse events. Autoimmune hypophysitis is of particular importance because its presentation can be subtle but life threatening. We present two cases where early recognition of ipilimumab‐related autoimmune hypophysitis led to timely intervention and low subsequent morbidity, without compromise of antitumor effects. We provide recommendations for detection and management of this potentially life‐threatening complication of ipilimumab.
Systematic review: the financial burden of surgical complications in patients with ulcerative colitis
Authors: Lindsay J. O. , Bergman A. , Patel A. S. , Alesso S. M. , Peyrin‐Biroulet L. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryBackgroundPatients undergoing colectomy for ulcerative colitis (UC) may experience complications associated with reduced quality of life (QoL), and maybe a considerable economic burden to healthcare systems. Appreciation of these burdens is important to evaluate the cost effectiveness of newer interventions for UC vs. colectomy.AimTo identify data representing resource utilisation or costs of complications arising from colorectal procedures in patients with UC, and data representing patient QoL, as reported by health state utility values (HSUVs).MethodsEmbase, MEDLINE and The Cochrane Library were searched for studies (1995–2014) reporting resource use/costs of surgical complications, and HSUVs data in adult patients with UC, undergoing colorectal procedures. Conference proceedings (January 2011–January 2014) were hand‐searched.ResultsTwelve studies reported resource use/costs, and three reported HSUVs data in patients with UC experiencing surgical complications. Additional mean costs of postoperative complications ranged from $18 650/patient with complications at a 6‐month follow‐up (46% incidence) to $34 714/patient with complications over a 5‐year period (49% incidence). Pouchitis, pouch failure and small bowel obstruction carried the greatest burden. Marked reductions in HSUVs were observed for patients with UC experiencing surgical complications, vs. patients with UC in a remission state.ConclusionsThere is a paucity of well reported studies on resource use/cost, and QoL burden of surgical complications in patients with UC. However, surgical complications represent a substantial burden both in terms of cost and of quality of life, with reoperations, physician fees, additional in‐patient hospital stays and infertility treatment being the main cost drivers.
Estimated pulmonary artery systolic pressure and sickle cell disease: a meta‐analysis and systematic review
Authors: Caughey Melissa C. , Poole Charles , Ataga Kenneth I. , Hinderliter Alan L. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryMany studies report estimated pulmonary artery systolic pressure (ePASP) in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) screened by echocardiography. To better understand the prevalence and outcomes of elevated ePASP in clinically stable SCD patients, we conducted a random‐effects meta‐analysis. A total of 45 studies, representing 15 countries and including 6109 individuals, met our inclusion criteria. In most (70%) studies, elevated ePASP was defined by a tricuspid regurgitant velocity of 2·5 m/s. The prevalence of elevated ePASP was 21% (17–26%) in children and 30% (26–35%) in adults. After adjustment for sex, SCD genotype, haemoglobin, hydroxycarbamide (hydroxyurea) treatment, country and publication year, age remained associated with elevated ePASP, yielding a 12% (0·4–23%) higher adjusted prevalence in adults. Few studies reported 6‐min walk tests or mortality outcomes, and estimates were highly heterogeneous. In random effects meta‐analyses, patients with elevated ePASP walked an estimated 30·4 (6·9–53·9) metres less than those without elevated ePASP and had an associated mortality hazard ratio of 4·9 (2·4–9·7).
Negative Correlation between Ant and Spider Abundances in the Canopy of a Bornean Tropical Rain Forest
Authors: Katayama Motoki , Kishimoto‐Yamada Keiko , Tanaka Hiroshi O. , Endo Tomoji , Hashimoto Yoshiaki , Yamane Seiki , Itioka Takao 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn tropical rain forests, high canopy trees have diverse and abundant populations of ants and spiders. However, accessing high trees and their fauna remains difficult; thus, how ants and spiders interact in the canopy remains unclear. To better understand the interspecific interactions between these two dominant arthropod groups, we investigated their spatial distributions at the canopy surface in a tropical rain forest in Borneo. We sampled ants and spiders six times between 2009 and 2011 by sweeping with an insect net at the tree crown surfaces of 190 emergent or tall (≥20 m in height) trees. We collected 438 ant individuals belonging to 94 species and 1850 spider individuals (1630 juveniles and 220 adults) belonging to 142 morphospecies (adults only) from a total of 976 samples. The fact that we collected four times more spider individuals than ant individuals suggests that fewer ants forage at the tree crown surface than previously thought. The number of spider individuals negatively correlated with the number of ant individuals and the number of ant species, indicating significant exclusivity between ant and spider spatial distributions at the tree crown surface. Niche‐overlap between the two taxa confirmed this observation. Although our data do not address the causes of these spatial distributions, antagonistic interspecific interactions such as interference behaviors and intra‐guild predation are ecological mechanisms that give rise to exclusive spatial distributions.