bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adverse psychological outcomes following colposcopy and related procedures: a systematic review
Authors: O'Connor M , Gallagher P , Waller J , Martin CM , O'Leary JJ , Sharp L ,   the Irish Cervical Screening Research Consortium (CERVIVA)
Published: June 2015

BackgroundAlthough colposcopy is the leading follow‐up option for women with abnormal cervical cytology, little is known about its psychological consequences.ObjectivesWe performed a systematic review to examine: (1) what, if any, are the adverse psychological outcomes following colposcopy and related procedures; (2) what are the predictors of adverse psychological outcomes post‐colposcopy; and (3) what happens to these outcomes over time.Search strategyFive electronic databases (PubMed, PsychINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus) were searched for studies published in English between January 1986 and February 2014.Selection criteriaEligible studies assessed psychological wellbeing at one or more time‐points post‐colposcopy.Data collection and analysisTwo reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts. Full texts of potentially eligible papers were reviewed. Data were abstracted from, and a quality appraisal performed of, eligible papers.Main resultsTwenty‐three papers reporting 16 studies were eligible. Colposcopy and related procedures can lead to adverse psychological outcomes, particularly anxiety. Ten studies investigated predictors of adverse psychological outcomes; management type and treatment had no impact on this. Seven studies investigated temporal trends in psychological outcomes post‐colposcopy; findings were mixed, especially in relation to anxiety and distress. Studies were methodologically heterogeneous.ConclusionsFollow‐up investigations and procedures for abnormal cervical cytology can cause adverse psychological outcomes among women. However, little is known about the predictors of these outcomes or how long they persist. There is a need for a more standardised approach to the examination of the psychological impact of colposcopy, especially longer‐term outcomes.Tweetable abstractFollow‐up investigations for abnormal cervical cytology can cause adverse psychological outcome among women.
Using Delphi Surveying Techniques to Gather Input from Non‐Academics for Development of a Modern Dairy Manufacturing Curriculum
Authors: Joyner (Melito) Helen S. , Smith Denise 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe current face of the dairy manufacturing industry has changed from its traditional conception. Industry emphasis is moving away from traditional dairy products, such as fluid milk, ice cream, and butter, and moving toward yogurts, dairy beverages, and value‐added products incorporating ingredients derived from milk and whey. However, many undergraduate dairy curricula still focus on production of fluid milk and traditional dairy products. In addition, despite the significant production of dairy products in the northwestern United States, there are few universities in the Pacific Northwest that offer courses in dairy products or manufacturing. Washington State Univ. and the Univ. of Idaho have developed a dairy manufacturing option to address these issues. To ensure that the curriculum was in alignment with current industry needs, dairy experts in the Pacific Northwest were asked to provide feedback on the proposed curriculum using a modified Delphi survey. Top industry concerns and desired knowledge and skills in new hires were identified. Survey participants emphasized the importance of including new processing technologies, waste management concepts, sustainability principles, engineering skills, and novel dairy products/ingredients in curriculum coverage. The results of the survey were used to modify the proposed curriculum to more closely address dairy industry needs. Alignment between industry needs and university curricula is vital to promote continued growth, development, and innovation in any industry; universities must be aware of changing needs in industry and modify curricula when necessary to address industry challenges.
Public use and perceptions of emergency departments: A population survey
Authors: FitzGerald Gerry , Toloo Ghasem (Sam) , Aitken Peter , Keijzers Gerben , Scuffham Paul 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObjectivesTo inform demand management strategies aimed at reducing congestion in EDs by: (i) identifying public use of EDs, decision‐making and reasons; and (ii) measuring acceptance of alternative care models.MethodsA cross‐sectional telephone survey of a random sample of Queensland population aged 18 years or older residing in a dwelling unit in Queensland that could be contacted on a land‐based telephone service was conducted. One person per household was selected according to a predetermined algorithm to ensure sex and regional balance were interviewed. The main outcome measures were: ED use, attitudes towards ED staff and services, and alternative models of care.ResultsThe final sample included a total of 1256 respondents (response rate = 40.3%). Twenty‐one per cent attended EDs in the preceding 12 months. The decision to attend was made by patients (51%), health and medical professionals (31%), and others (18%). The main reasons included perceived severity of the illness (47%), unavailability of alternative services (26%) and better care (11%). Most respondents agreed with more flexible care models of service delivery including incentives for general practitioners (90%), private health insurance coverage for ED use (89%), and enhanced roles for paramedics and nurses.ConclusionsMain reason for attending ED is perceived severity of illness, followed by lack of alternative care. The majority of both consumers and the public are in favour of more flexible care models. However, further research is necessary to detail those alternatives and to test and validate their effectiveness.
Levels of Genital Tract Defensins and Cytokines Differ between HIV‐Uninfected US and African Women
Authors: Murphy Kerry , Richardson Barbra A. , Dezzutti Charlene S. , Marrazzo Jeanne , Hillier Sharon L. , Hendrix Craig W. , Herold Betsy C. 
Published: June 2015

ProblemTo explore the impact of race and geographic region on biomarkers of HIV risk and vaginal health, differences in soluble immune mediators were measured in US versus African and US white versus US black women at enrollment into a phase 2 microbicide trial.MethodsLevels of soluble mucosal immune mediators and inhibitory activity against E. coli, which may serve as biomarkers of risk for HIV and other genital tract infections, were quantified in cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) collected from HIV‐uninfected women in the United States (n = 73) and Africa (n = 73). Differences between groups were analyzed with multivariable logistic regression models for dichotomous variables and linear regression models for continuous variables.ResultsSecretory leukocyte protease inhibitor, lactoferrin, human beta defensins, interleukin (IL)‐8, and interferon‐gamma‐induced protein‐10 were significantly higher in US compared to African women in multivariable analysis, but only IL‐1β was significantly different between US white and black women. E. coli inhibitory activity did not differ among groups in adjusted analyses.ConclusionDifferences in soluble mucosal immunity between US and African women may play an important role in women's risk for HIV and other genital tract infections and response to prevention strategies including vaginal microbicides and should be considered in future studies.
Autotransplantation of cryopreserved ovarian tissue after treatment for malignant disease – the first Norwegian results
Authors: Tanbo Tom , Greggains Gareth , Storeng Ritsa , Busund Bjørn , Langebrekke Anton , Fedorcsak Peter 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIntroductionWith increasing survival rates after treatment for cancer in prepubertal girls and women of reproductive age, an increasing focus on quality of life has emerged. Both irradiation and cytotoxic drugs can be detrimental to future fertility, consequently several treatment alternatives have been developed to spare or restore fertility in young females diagnosed with cancer. One of these options is cryopreservation of ovarian tissue before treatment and autotransplantation at a later time.Material and methodsWe present the Norwegian experience after 11 years of practice with ovarian tissue cryopreservation. A total of 164 patients have had ovarian tissue cryopreserved during the period 2004–2014. Fifteen patients died during the observation period. Six patients requested autotransplantation, which was performed in two women.ResultsBoth patients conceived, one spontaneously and one after assisted reproduction due to a concomitant male factor. The pregnancies were uneventful and they each gave birth to a healthy child.ConclusionsCryopreservation with later autotransplantation of ovarian tissue should be offered to a selected group of young women with cancer.
Extremely preterm infants who are small for gestational age have a high risk of early hypophosphatemia and hypokalemia
Authors: Boubred F , Herlenius E , Bartocci M , Jonsson B , Vanpée M 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimElectrolyte balances have not been sufficiently evaluated in extremely preterm infants after early parenteral nutrition. We investigated the risk of early hypophosphatemia and hypokalemia in extremely preterm infants born small for gestational age (SGA) who received nutrition as currently recommended.MethodsThis prospective, observational cohort study included all consecutive extremely preterm infants born at 24–27 weeks who received high amino acids and lipid perfusion from birth. We evaluated the electrolyte levels of SGA infants and infants born appropriate for gestational age (AGA) during the first five days of life.ResultsThe 12 SGA infants had lower plasma potassium levels from Day One compared to the 36 AGA infants and were more likely to have hypokalemia (58% vs 17%, p = 0.001) and hypophosphatemia (40% vs 9%, p < 0.01) during the five‐day observation period. After adjusting for perinatal factors, SGA remained significantly associated with hypophosphatemia (odds ratio 1.39, confidence intervals 1.07–1.81, p = 0.01).ConclusionExtremely preterm infants born SGA who were managed with currently recommended early parenteral nutrition had a high risk of early hypokalemia and hypophosphatemia. Potassium and phosphorus intakes should be set at sufficient levels from birth onwards, especially in SGA infants.
Short‐term use of glucocorticoids and risk of peptic ulcer bleeding: a nationwide population‐based case‐crossover study
Authors: Tseng C.‐L. , Chen Y.‐T. , Huang C.‐J. , Luo J.‐C. , Peng Y.‐L. , Huang D.‐F , Hou M.‐C. , Lin H.‐C. , Lee F.‐Y. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryBackgroundControversy exists regarding glucocorticoids therapy and the risk of peptic ulcer bleeding (PUB).AimThe present study was undertaken to determine whether short‐term use of glucocorticoids is associated with the occurrence of peptic ulcer bleeding.MethodsThe records of adult patients hospitalised for newly diagnosed peptic ulcer bleeding from 2000 to 2012 were retrieved from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, a nationwide population‐based registry system. The association between systemic glucocorticoids usage and peptic ulcer bleeding was determined with a conditional logistic regression model comparing cases and controls during time windows of 7, 14 and 28 days using a case‐crossover design.ResultsOf the 8894 enrolled patients, the adjusted self‐matched odds ratios for peptic ulcer bleeding after exposure to the glucocorticoids were 1.37 (95% CI: 1.12–1.68, P = 0.003) for the 7‐day window, 1.66 (95% CI: 1.38–2.00, P < 0.001) for the 14‐day window and 1.84 (95% CI: 1.57–2.16, P < 0.001) for the 28‐day window. Moderate to high, but not low dose glucocorticoids (methylprednisolone <4 mg/day or its equivalence) were associated with an increased risk of peptic ulcer bleeding. Concomitant use of a nonselective nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) or aspirin further elevated the risk. However, it does not eliminate the effect of underlying diseases flare‐up that may have placed the patients at risk for peptic ulcer bleeding in this kind of study design.ConclusionsShort‐term (7–28 days) exposure to glucocorticoids is significantly associated with peptic ulcer bleeding; this risk seems dose‐dependent and is higher when nonselective NSAIDs or aspirin are used concurrently.
Deforested habitats lack seeds of late‐successional and large‐seeded plant species in tropical montane forests
Authors: Saavedra Francisco , Hensen Isabell , Schleuning Matthias 
Published: June 2015

AbstractQuestions(1) How do seed density and species richness of late‐successional, pioneer and non‐forest species change from forest interior to deforested habitats? (2) Are seed density and species richness of seed species dispersed into deforested areas enhanced by perch structures? (3) Do morphological seed traits of forest and non‐forest plant species change from the forest interior to deforested areas?LocationDeforested tropical mountains of Chulumani, La Paz, Bolivia.MethodsAt eight study sites, we installed a system of 38 seed traps along a transect of 240 m from the forest interior (160 m from the forest margin) toward deforested areas (80 m from the forest margin). Half of the seed traps installed in the deforested areas were positioned under perch structures. We identified captured seeds to morpho‐species or species level and recorded morphological seed traits (i.e. seed mass, seed length, seed width) and species origin (i.e. late‐successional, pioneer, non‐forest species).ResultsSeed density and species richness of late‐successional and pioneer species declined from the forest interior toward deforested areas. Seed limitation was particularly strong for large‐seeded species. Perches in deforested areas strongly increased the density and to some extent as well as the species richness of seeds dispersed into these areas, but did not alter the composition of seed traits and species origin in comparison to seed traps without perches.ConclusionsWe found a strong seed dispersal limitation in deforested areas, which was mitigated by the presence of perch structures, at least in terms of seed density and species richness. However, the dispersal limitation of late‐successional plant species with large seeds was not compensated by the presence of perching structures. Nevertheless, the establishment of artificial perch structures is likely to be a promising strategy for capturing seeds in deforested areas that may establish under bracken fronds in the long term.
Clinical Trials with Missing Data
Authors: Song Juwon 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
EDITOR: TAESUNG PARK
Clinical Trials with Missing Data(M. O'Kelly and B. Ratitch)Juwon Song
Multiple Imputation and its Application(J. R. Carpenter and M. G. Kenward)Sohee Park
Statistical Inference on Residual Life(J.-H. Jeong)Seungyeoun Lee
Carbon monoxide inhibits T cell activation in target organs during systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Mackern-Oberti J P , Obreque J , Méndez G P , Llanos C , Kalergis A M 
Published: June 2015

SummarySystemic lupus erythematosus is characterized by the presence of circulating anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) and systemic damage that includes nephritis, haematological manifestations and pulmonary compromise, among others. Although major progress has been made in elucidating the molecular mechanisms responsible for autoimmunity, current therapies for lupus have not improved considerably. Because the exposure of carbon monoxide (CO) has been shown to display beneficial immunoregulatory properties in different immune-mediated diseases, we investigated whether CO therapy improves lupus-related kidney injury in lupus mice. MRL-Faslpr lupus mice were exposed to CO and disease progression was evaluated. ANA, leucocyte-infiltrating populations in spleen, kidney and lung and kidney lesions, were measured. CO therapy significantly decreased the frequency of activated B220+ CD4− CD8− T cells in kidneys and lungs, as well as serum levels of ANA. Furthermore, we observed that CO therapy reduced kidney injury by decreasing proliferative glomerular damage and immune complexes deposition, decreased proinflammatory cytokine production and finally delayed the impairment of kidney function. CO exposure ameliorates kidney and lung leucocyte infiltration and delays kidney disease in MRL-Faslpr lupus mice. Our data support the notion that CO could be explored as a potential new therapy for lupus nephritis.
Hallucinating Stereoscopy from a Single Image
Authors: Zeng Qiong , Chen Wenzheng , Wang Huan , Tu Changhe , Cohen‐Or Daniel , Lischinski Dani , Chen Baoquan 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe introduce a novel method for enabling stereoscopic viewing of a scene from a single pre‐segmented image. Rather than attempting full 3D reconstruction or accurate depth map recovery, we hallucinate a rough approximation of the scene's 3D model using a number of simple depth and occlusion cues and shape priors. We begin by depth‐sorting the segments, each of which is assumed to represent a separate object in the scene, resulting in a collection of depth layers. The shapes and textures of the partially occluded segments are then completed using symmetry and convexity priors. Next, each completed segment is converted to a union of generalized cylinders yielding a rough 3D model for each object. Finally, the object depths are refined using an iterative ground fitting process. The hallucinated 3D model of the scene may then be used to generate a stereoscopic image pair, or to produce images from novel viewpoints within a small neighborhood of the original view. Despite the simplicity of our approach, we show that it compares favorably with state‐of‐the‐art depth ordering methods. A user study was conducted showing that our method produces more convincing stereoscopic images than existing semi‐interactive and automatic single image depth recovery methods.
Composition‐Aware Scene Optimization for Product Images
Authors: Liu Tianqiang , McCann Jim , Li Wilmot , Funkhouser Thomas 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIncreasingly, companies are creating product advertisements and catalog images using computer renderings of 3D scenes. A common goal for these companies is to create aesthetically appealing compositions that highlight objects of interest within the context of a scene. Unfortunately, this goal is challenging, not only due to the need to balance the trade‐off among aesthetic principles and design constraints, but also because of the huge search space induced by possible camera parameters, object placement, material choices, etc. Previous methods have investigated only optimization of camera parameters. In this paper, we develop a tool that starts from an initial scene description and a set of high‐level constraints provided by a stylist and then automatically generates an optimized scene whose 2D composition is improved. It does so by locally adjusting the 3D object transformations, surface materials, and camera parameters. The value of this tool is demonstrated in a variety of applications motivated by product catalogs, including rough layout refinement, detail image creation, home planning, cultural customization, and text inlay placement. Results of a perceptual study indicate that our system produces images preferable for product advertisement compared to a more traditional camera‐only optimization.
Jointly Optimized Regressors for Image Super‐resolution
Authors: Dai D. , Timofte R. , Van Gool L. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractLearning regressors from low‐resolution patches to high‐resolution patches has shown promising results for image super‐resolution. We observe that some regressors are better at dealing with certain cases, and others with different cases. In this paper, we jointly learn a collection of regressors, which collectively yield the smallest super‐resolving error for all training data. After training, each training sample is associated with a label to indicate its ‘best’ regressor, the one yielding the smallest error. During testing, our method bases on the concept of ‘adaptive selection’ to select the most appropriate regressor for each input patch. We assume that similar patches can be super‐resolved by the same regressor and use a fast, approximate kNN approach to transfer the labels of training patches to test patches. The method is conceptually simple and computationally efficient, yet very effective. Experiments on four datasets show that our method outperforms competing methods.
Interactive Dimensioning of Parametric Models
Authors: Kelly T. , Wonka P. , Mueller P. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe propose a solution for the dimensioning of parametric and procedural models. Dimensioning has long been a staple of technical drawings, and we present the first solution for interactive dimensioning: a dimension line positioning system that adapts to the view direction, given behavioral properties. After proposing a set of design principles for interactive dimensioning, we describe our solution consisting of the following major components. First, we describe how an author can specify the desired interactive behavior of a dimension line. Second, we propose a novel algorithm to place dimension lines at interactive speeds. Third, we introduce multiple extensions, including chained dimension lines, controls for different parameter types (e.g. discrete choices, angles), and the use of dimension lines for interactive editing. Our results show the use of dimension lines in an interactive parametric modeling environment for architectural, botanical, and mechanical models.
Guiding Image Manipulations using Shape‐appearance Subspaces from Co‐alignment of Image Collections
Authors: Nguyen Chuong H. , Nalbach Oliver , Ritschel Tobias , Seidel Hans‐Peter 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe propose a system to restrict the manipulation of shape and appearance in an image to a valid subspace which we learn from a collection of exemplar images. To this end, we automatically co‐align a collection of images and learn a subspace model of shape and appearance using principal components. As finding perfect image correspondences for general images is not feasible, we build an approximate partial alignment and improve bad alignments leveraging other, more successful alignments. Our system allows the user to change appearance and shape in real‐time and the result is “projected” onto the subspace of meaningful changes. The change in appearance and shape can either be locked or performed independently. Additional applications include suggestion of alternative shapes or appearance.
High Reliefs from 3D Scenes
Authors: Arpa Sami , Süsstrunk Sabine , Hersch Roger D. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe present a method for synthesizing high reliefs, a sculpting technique that attaches 3D objects onto a 2D surface within a limited depth range. The main challenges are the preservation of distinct scene parts by preserving depth discontinuities, the fine details of the shape, and the overall continuity of the scene. Bas relief depth compression methods such as gradient compression and depth range compression are not applicable for high relief production. Instead, our method is based on differential coordinates to bring scene elements to the relief plane while preserving depth discontinuities and surface details of the scene. We select a user‐defined number of attenuation points within the scene, attenuate these points towards the relief plane and recompute the positions of all scene elements by preserving the differential coordinates. Finally, if the desired depth range is not achieved we apply a range compression. High relief synthesis is semi‐automatic and can be controlled by user‐defined parameters to adjust the depth range, as well as the placement of the scene elements with respect to the relief plane.