bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Raman spectroscopy for grading of live osteosarcoma cells
Authors: Chiang Yi-Hung , Wu Stewart H , Kuo Yi-Chun , Chen How-Foo , Chiou Arthur , Lee Oscar K 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor, and the grading of osteosarcoma cells relies on traditional histopathology and molecular biology methods, which require RNA extraction, protein isolation and immunohistological staining. All these methods require cell isolation, lysis or fixation, which is time-consuming and requires certain amount of tumor specimen. In this study, we report the use of Raman spectroscopy for grading of malignant osteosarcoma cells.

Methods
We demonstrate that, based on the detection of differential production of mineral species, Raman spectroscopy can be used as a live cell analyzer to accurately assess the grades of osteosarcoma cells by evaluating their mineralization levels. Mineralization level was assessed by measuring amount of hydroxyapatite (HA), which is highly expressed in mature osteoblasts, but not in poorly differentiated osteosarcoma cell or mesenchymal stem cells, the putative cell-of-origin of osteosarcoma.

Results
We found that under Raman spectroscopy, the level of HA production was high in MG-63 cells, which are low-grade. Moreover, hydroxyapatite production was low in high-grade osteosarcoma cells such as 143B and SaOS2 cells (p < 0.05). Matrix metalloproteinase MMP2, MMP9 were highly expressed in SaOS2, 143B and MSCs and decreased in human fetal osteoblast (FOB) and MG-63 cells as expected (p < 0.05). These results may highlight the inverse correlation between HA level and prognosis of osteosarcoma.

Conclusions
The use of Raman spectroscopy for the measurement of HA production by the protocol reported in this study may serve as a useful tool to rapidly and accurately assess the degree of malignancy in osteosarcoma cells in a label-free manner. Such application may shorten the period of pathological diagnosis and may benefit patients who are inflicted with osteosarcoma.
De novo assembly of the chimpanzee transcriptome from NextGen mRNA sequences
Authors: Maudhoo Mnirnal D , Madison Jacob D , Norgren Robert B 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Background
Common chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and bonobos (Pan paniscus) are the species most closely related to humans. For this reason, it is especially important to have complete and accurate chimpanzee nucleotide and protein sequences to understand how humans evolved their unique capabilities. We provide transcriptome data from four untransformed cell types derived from the reference Pan troglodytes, “Clint”, to better annotate the chimpanzee genome and provide empirical validation for proposed gene models of this important species.

Findings
RNA was extracted from primary cells cultured from four tissues: skin, adipose stroma, vascular smooth muscle and skeletal muscle. These four RNA samples were sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform. Sequences were deposited in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Sequence Read Archive (SRA). Transcripts were assembled, annotated and deposited in the NCBI Transcriptome Shotgun Assembly (TSA) database.

Conclusions
We have provided a high quality annotation of 44,275 transcripts with full-length coding sequence (CDS). This set represented a total of 10,110 unique genes, thus providing empirical support for their existence. This dataset can be used to improve the annotation of the Pan troglodytes genome.
Leiomodin-3-deficient mice display nemaline myopathy with fast-myofiber atrophy
Authors: Tian Lei , Ding Sheng , You Yun , Li Tong-ruei , Liu Yan , Wu Xiaohui , Sun Ling , Xu Tian 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT
Nemaline myopathy (NM) is one of the most common forms of congenital myopathy, and affects either fast myofibers, slow myofibers, or both. However, an animal model for congenital myopathy with fast-myofiber-specific atrophy is not available. Furthermore, mutations in the leiomodin-3 (LMOD3) gene have recently been identified in a group of individuals with NM. However, it is not clear how loss of LMOD3 leads to NM. Here, we report a mouse mutant in which the piggyBac (PB) transposon is inserted into the Lmod3 gene and disrupts its expression. Lmod3PB/PB mice show severe muscle weakness and postnatal growth retardation. Electron microscopy and immunofluorescence studies of the mutant skeletal muscles revealed the presence of nemaline bodies, a hallmark of NM, and disorganized sarcomeric structures. Interestingly, Lmod3 deficiency caused muscle atrophy specific to the fast fibers. Together, our results show that Lmod3 is required in the fast fibers for sarcomere integrity, and this study offers the first NM mouse model with muscle atrophy that is specific to fast fibers. This model could be a valuable resource for interrogating myopathy pathogenesis and developing therapeutics for NM as well as other pathophysiological conditions with preferential atrophy of fast fibers, including cancer cachexia and sarcopenia.
Higher School’s Strategic Activities for Educational Process Organization
Authors: Бикбулатова  , Bikbulatova Valentina , Рабаданова  , Rabadanova Raziyat 
Published: April 2015

Higher school’s main objectives orientated from subjectcentered
direction to result-centered and competence-activity one
are considered in this paper. Innovative processes which bear in
themselves the progressive beginning and allow in changing conditions
more effectively solve learning tasks, which purpose is students’
development in so far as relevant to their potential opportunities
of new experience acquisition, and investment themselves into
activity, are regular in the modern education development. Any
changes happening to students (functional and genetic) are result
of their own internal activity which is provided by conditions of
educational process organization.
Profession Choice by Students of Tourist Higher Education Institution: Motivational Analysis
Authors: Бригинец  , Briginets I. 
Published: April 2015

Today the educational system is characterized by multiplication
of poly-cultural processes as well as by updating of crosscultural
dialogue. An educational model answering to new social
and economic inquiries is only starting its self-development. Tourism
sphere professional formation is beginning from the moment of this
profession choice. Symbiosis, a direct dynamic interrelation of
professional socialization and system of professional knowledge
and skills is important. The motivation for profession choice by
students of tourist higher education institution has been studied
during sociological research, conducted by questionnaire method
on the basis of Russian International Academy for Tourism and its
Moscow branch. A sample volume was 564 respondents: 250 students
of 1 course and 314 students of 4 course participated in comparative
research (continuous sampling). Conclusions: the motivation
of person’s professional self-determination has multi-vector structure.
Considerable determination by internal motives is supplemented
among the students with influence of external motivation
both of positive and negative value. At the existing high rates of
separate types motivation influence there is some decreasing of
indicators for such motives as &#34;Prestige value &#34;, &#34;Opportunity to
bring benefit to people&#34;, &#34;Possibility for use of professional abilities
out of work&#34; among the 4 course students against the 1 course ones.
Results promote understanding of essence for tourism manager’s
professional motivation as a set of steady motives including: professional
motives; motives of professional development; pragmatic
motives; informative motives; motives of person’s self-realization;
social motives.
Teaching Motivation Problem and Some Ways of Its Overcoming in English Classe at Higher Educational Institutions
Authors: Синицына  , Sinitsyna I. 
Published: April 2015

This paper is devoted to a problem of English study motivation
increase among students of higher educational institutions’
non-language faculties. The motivation has been presented as a
difficult category including some components; two types of motivation
– the instrumental and integrative ones are considered. In this
paper a review of fixed assets allowing make language study process
more fascinating, and also a number of problems which can arise
in the course of modern teaching methods application is given.
Introduction of Teaching’s Innovative Formats for the Purpose of Students’ Creative Abilities Development
Authors: Зотова  , Zotova A. 
Published: April 2015

Modern society’s development vectors orientate an education
system on new type graduates which able to think, be infor -
mational educated, capable to apply modern technologies, to use
in professional activity not only theoretical and applied knowledge
and skills, but also their own creative potential. The purpose of this
work is a description of an integrative method used in the course
of teaching as the instrument for activation of student’s creative
opportunities. Significant increase of young people’s creative opportunities,
their personal and professional growth is result of such
practice. Integrative method use in the course of teaching will allow
create the favorable environment for &#34;creation&#34; of new level experts.
Biomechanical personalization techniques of stenting and balloon dilatation of coronary artery
Authors: Зарецкий  , Zaretskiy A. 
Published: April 2015

An important practical problem is a personalized selection of characteristics and parameters of intravascular frame to reduce traumatism of inner lining artery - the intima, which, in turn, reduces the instent restenosis. The solution of this problem is due to the phase calculation biomechanical model of the vessel with its stenosed area and implantable stent in accordance with the mechanical and geometric parameters of the pathophysiological characteristics and conditionally normal plots of the artery. The article presents the techniques and methods selection of the geometric characteristics of the stent, the pressure in the balloon used for intravascular angioplasty, taking into account the individual characteristics of the patient&#180;s coronary artery. The selection me-thods are based on biomechanical models of intact areas of the coronary arteries, the parameters were taken from the available references. As the study results are data obtained in simulation of balloon dilation and stenting of the coronary arteries.
The presented calculations require biomechanical computer models of axisymmetric and non-axisymmetric stenosed intact aras of the coronary arteries, as well as biomechanical models commonly used stents and dilatation balloon catheters for interventional procedures on coronary arteries.
The Effect of Self-Control on the Construction of Risk Perceptions
Authors: Jia Jayson S. , Khan Uzma , Litt Ab 
Published: April 2015

We show that the way decision makers construct risk perceptions is systematically influenced by their level of self-control: low self-control results in greater weighting of probability and reduced weighting of consequences of negative outcomes in formulating overall threat perceptions. Seven studies demonstrate such distorted risk construction in wide-ranging risk domains. The effects hold for both chronic and manipulated levels of perceived self-control and are observed only for risks involving high personal agency (e.g., overeating, smoking, drinking). As an important implication of our results, we also demonstrate that those lower (higher) in self-control show relatively less (more) interest in products and lifestyle changes reducing consequences (e.g., a pill that heals liver damage from drinking) than those reducing likelihood of risks (e.g., a pill that prevents liver damage from drinking). We also explore several possible underlying processes for the observed effect and discuss the theoretical and managerial relevance of our findings. This paper was accepted by Yuval Rottenstreich, judgment and decision making.
Particle flux on the continental shelf in the Amundsen Sea Polynya and Western Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Ducklow Hugh W. , Wilson Stephanie E. , Post Anton F. , Stammerjohn Sharon E. , Erickson Matthew , Lee SangHoon , Lowry Kate E. , Sherrell Robert M. , Yager Patricia L. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
We report results from a yearlong, moored sediment trap in the Amundsen Sea Polynya (ASP), the first such time series in this remote and productive ecosystem. Results are compared to a long-term (1992–2013) time series from the western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP). The ASP trap was deployed from December 2010 to December 2011 at 350 m depth. We observed two brief, but high flux events, peaking at 8 and 5 mmol C m−2 d−1 in January and December 2011, respectively, with a total annual capture of 315 mmol C m−2. Both peak fluxes and annual capture exceeded the comparable WAP observations. Like the overlying phytoplankton bloom observed during the cruise in the ASP (December 2010 to January 2011), particle flux was dominated by Phaeocystis antarctica, which produced phytodetrital aggregates. Particles at the start of the bloom were highly depleted in 13C, indicating their origin in the cold, CO2-rich winter waters exposed by retreating sea ice. As the bloom progressed, microscope visualization and stable isotopic composition provided evidence for an increasing contribution by zooplankton fecal material. Incubation experiments and zooplankton observations suggested that fecal pellet production likely contributed 10–40% of the total flux during the first flux event, and could be very high during episodic krill swarms. Independent estimates of export from the surface (100 m) were about 5–10 times that captured in the trap at 350 m. Estimated bacterial respiration was sufficient to account for much of the decline in the flux between 50 and 350 m, whereas zooplankton respiration was much lower. The ASP system appears to export only a small fraction of its production deeper than 350 m within the polynya region. The export efficiency was comparable to other polar regions where phytoplankton blooms were not dominated by diatoms.
Impact on Patient Management and Outcome of Switching between 2 Contemporary Sensitive Cardiac Troponin Assays
Authors: Wilen Craig B , Szymanski Jeffrey J , Hung Steven , Rajan Anand , Lavigne Paul M , Char Douglas M , Geltman Edward M , Scott Mitchell G 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Myocardial infarction is characterized by an increase of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) above the 99th percentile of a reference population. Our hospital switched from 1 contemporary cTnI assay to another and observed a doubling of cTnI results above the assays' respective 99th percentile cutoffs. We investigated the potential impact on inpatient management and outcomes.

METHODS
We performed a retrospective cohort study of 45 498 individuals with ≥1 cTnI result between January 2013 and June 2014. The Dimension cTnI assay was used in 2013; the Abbott Architect cTnI assay was used in 2014.

RESULTS
Before switching cTnI assays, 19.2% (4742/30 872) of patients had at least 1 of the first 3 cTnIs above the 99th percentile (0.07 μg/L). After switching to the Architect cTnI assay, 31.4% (4034/14 626) of patients had at least 1 cTnI above the 99th percentile (0.03 μg/L). This increase was due to the difference in the assays' 99th percentile cutoffs. Having an increased cTnI reported on the Architect assay that would not have been reported as such on the Dimension assay (0.03–0.06 μg/L) correlated with increased inpatient mortality, length of stay, non–ST elevation myocardial infarction diagnosis, therapeutic heparin use, and percutaneous coronary intervention, relative to individuals with cTnI &lt;0.03 μg/L.

CONCLUSIONS
The changes observed in patient outcomes and management were likely due to the increased sensitivity and lower 99th percentile cutoff of the Architect assay. It is important to recognize the potential impact that differences in sensitivity and assay configuration may have on patient management.
Collage, a crucible for transformative learning
Authors: Towlson Kaye 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
This article relates the personal experience and reflections of the author in her pedagogic use of collage as an aid to exploration, thinking, planning and reflection. The article recounts her use of this and other radical visual and kinaesthetic learning techniques within the contexts of assignment exploration, project planning and careers mapping. The revelatory and self-reflective results of these activities generate an environment of trust and peer experience sharing which creates an atmosphere ripe for a truly transformative learning experience.
Slotting Allowances and Optimal Product Variety
Authors: Shaffer Greg 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Some commentators believe that slotting allowances enhance social welfare by providing retailers with an efficient way to allocate scarce retail shelf space. The claim is that, by offering their shelf space to the highest bidders, retailers act as agents for consumers and ensure that only the most socially desirable products obtain distribution. I show that this claim does not hold in a model in which a dominant firm and competitive fringe compete for retailer patronage. By using slotting allowances to bid up the price of shelf space, the dominant firm can sometimes exclude the competitive fringe even when welfare would be higher if the fringe obtained distribution.
Bounding Treatment Effects with Contaminated and Censored Data: Assessing the Impact of Early Childbearing on Children
Authors: Mullin Charles H 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Empirical researchers commonly invoke instrumental variable (IV) assumptions to identify treatment effects. This paper considers what can be learned under two specific violations of those assumptions: contaminated and corrupted data. Either of these violations prevents point identification, but sharp bounds of the treatment effect remain feasible. In an applied example, random miscarriages are an IV for women’s age at first birth. However, the inability to separate random miscarriages from behaviorally induced miscarriages (those caused by smoking and drinking) results in a contaminated sample. Furthermore, censored child outcomes produce a corrupted sample. Despite these limitations, the bounds demonstrate that delaying the age at first birth for the current population of non-black teenage mothers reduces their first-born child’s well-being.
Do Cigarette Taxes Make Smokers Happier
Authors: Gruber Jonathan H , Mullainathan Sendhil 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Some policy makers justify cigarette taxes by arguing that they actually make smokers better off. This argument has been hard to evaluate because behavioral data, such as that showing reduced cigarette consumption following a tax hike, cannot resolve the issue of whether smokers are made better off by the reduction or not. In this paper, we directly assess the effect of cigarette taxes on well-being, using subjective well-being data. We model the differential impact of excise taxes on those with a propensity to smoke, relative to others, in order to control for omitted correlations between happiness and excise taxation. Using US data on happiness and state-level changes in excise taxes, we find consistent evidence that excise taxes make those who have a propensity to smoke happier. To assess robustness, we repeat the exercise using Canadian data, which has independent information on well-being and also much larger tax changes, and find the exact same pattern. Moreover, these impacts are present for cigarette excise taxes, but not for other excise taxes. These results suggest that the welfare effects of cigarette taxation are far more complex than simple rational economic models might predict.
Risk and Career Choice
Authors: Saks Raven E , Shore Stephen H 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Choosing a type of education is one of the largest financial decisions we make. Educational investment differs from other types of investment in that it is indivisible and non-tradable. These differences lead agents to demand a premium to enter careers with more idiosyncratic risk. Since the required premium will be smaller for wealthier agents, they will tend to enter careers with more idiosyncratic risk.
After developing a model of career choice, we use data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) to estimate the risk associated with different careers. We find education, health care, and engineering careers to have relatively safe streams of labor income; business, sales, and entertainment careers are more risky.
By choosing a college major, many students make a costly human capital investment that allows them to enter a specific career. To examine the link between wealth and college major choice implied by the model, we use data on choice of college major from the National Postsecondary Student Aid Survey (NPSAS). Controlling for observable measures of ability and background, we find evidence that wealthier students tend to choose riskier careers, particularly business.
Estimating Behavioral Response to the AIDS Epidemic
Authors: Auld M. Christopher 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The elasticity of risky sexual behavior to changes in local HIV infection prevalence is estimated using a longitudinal survey of the sexual behavior and health of gay men in San Francisco during the 1980s. An average respondent decreases risky behavior by about 5% in response to a 10% increase in disease prevalence. The average response obscures substantial variation across respondents: High-risk people reduce risky behavior less than low-risk people as prevalence increases. This result is consistent with the predictions of theoretical economic epidemiology and has implications for epidemic dynamics.
The Role of Wealth Transformations: An Application to Estimating the Effect of Tax Incentives on Saving
Authors: Pence Karen M. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Researchers may want to estimate the percentage change of a variable, such as household wealth or corporate profits, that takes on economically significant nonpositive values. Using the logarithmic transformation, however, requires discarding observations with nonpositive values. This paper describes a possible solution to this problem-the inverse hyperbolic sine transformation-and shows how to implement this transformation optimally in the case of median regression. As an illustration of the usefulness of this transformation, I revisit a specification sometimes used to estimate the effect of tax incentives on household saving.
A Distributional Analysis of the Gender Earnings Gap in Urban China
Authors: Millimet Daniel L , Wang Le 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
We compare several income distributions in urban China in the late 1980s and mid-1990s using tests for stochastic dominance in order to decompose gender differentials. Examination of the entire distribution gives insight into the uniformity of such differentials across the distribution. Moreover, tests based on stochastic dominance allow for robust welfare comparisons. Our analysis reveals: (i) large and increasing differentials in predicted earnings across gender in the lower tail of the distribution, but few differences in the upper tail, (ii) discrimination explains one-third to one-half of the total predicted earnings differential in the lower tail of the distribution, and little of the disparity in the upper tail, (iii) gender equity has eroded during China's economic transition, particularly for the youngest cohort, and (iv) significant nonuniformities in earnings differentials suggest the need to broaden analyses of gender differentials to incorporate earnings dispersion.