bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variable breeding dates among populations of white‐tailed deer in the southern United States: The legacy of restocking?
Authors: Sumners Jason A. , Demarais Stephen , Deyoung Randy W. , Honeycutt Rodney L. , Rooney Alejandro P. , Gonzales Robert A. , Gee Kenneth L. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTReproduction is timed so that parturition coincides with optimal conditions for offspring survival, with strong fitness implications in northern regions. However, in the southern United States the breeding season of white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) is relatively heterogeneous over short distances. To test the hypothesis that genetic differences account for heterogeneity in breeding dates, we compared the degree of mitochondrial (mtDNA) and microsatellite DNA differentiation among 6 pairs of adjacent populations with breeding dates differing by an average of 35 days (DBD group) and 4 pairs of populations displaying similar breeding dates (SBD group) differing by no more than 2 days. Average mtDNA differentiation between pairs in the DBD group (FST = 0.408, SD = 0.190) was larger (P = 0.03) than for the SBD group (FST = 0.140, SD = 0.092). The average differentiation at biparentally inherited microsatellite loci within the SBD group (FST = 0.028, SD = 0.021) did not differ from that observed for the DBD group (FST = 0.047, SD = 0.024; P = 0.200). The similarity at biparentally inherited loci suggests that there are no cryptic barriers and populations are connected by male dispersal. The greater differences in mtDNA lineages between geographically proximate populations in the DBD group imply a maternal genetic effect on the timing of breeding, likely maintained by female philopatry. We hypothesize that this difference is a genetic legacy of restocking efforts and the recovery of remnant localized populations. Translocation efforts require careful consideration of differences between source and recipient populations. Breeding dates that differ among some proximate southern deer populations may be a fixed trait that must be considered when establishing management objectives and harvest criteria. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
The effectiveness of different neuroprotective agents in facial nerve injury: An experimental study
Authors: Tanyeri Gokce , Celik Onur , Erbas Oytun , Oltulu Fatih , Yilmaz Dilsiz Ozlem 
Published: August 2015

Objectives/HypothesisTo examine and compare the neuroprotective effects of dexamethasone, oxytocin, and resveratrol administration on regeneration after facial nerve crush injury in a rat model.Study DesignProspective, randomized, controlled animal study.MethodsA crush‐type facial nerve injury was performed on the right side of all rats (injury group [IG]), whereas there was no injury on the left side (sham group [SG]). These main groups were divided into five subgroups: 1) no medicine (control); 2) physiological serum; 3) dexamethasone; 4) oxytocin; and 5) resveratrol (Res) administered (intraperitoneal injection) for 28 days. Functional recovery was evaluated by daily eye‐blink reflex and facial electromyography. Nerve–muscle degeneration and regeneration, apoptosis, and intercellular connections were evaluated in histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations.ResultsRecovery time of the postinjury eye‐blink reflex demonstrated faster recovery in IG + Res when compared with the other subgroups. In peak‐to‐peak amplitude values, a significant increase was observed in the dexamethasone (P = 0.007) and oxytocin subgroups (P = 0.004) and was even more apparent in the resveratrol subgroup (P < 0.001). Nerve regeneration is apparent in the resveratrol subgroup. Apoptotic changes were evaluated immunohistochemically with TUNEL and Caspase 3 and 6 antibodies staining. Caspase 3 and 6 immunoexpressions of resveratrol and oxytocin subgroups were moderate when compared with dexamethasone subgroup. Except for the resveratrol subgroup, which had an increase in expression, the majority of subgroups were similar to SG in terms of intercellular connections (Connexin 32 and 43).ConclusionResveratrol leads to the best outcome after facial nerve crush injury in rats when compared with dexamethasone and oxytocin, even though these agents demonstrate a significant improvement in facial nerve regeneration.Level of EvidenceN/A. Laryngoscope, 125:E356–E364, 2015
Proliferative laryngitis with airway obstruction in an adult: Consider herpes
Authors: Valenzuela Carla V. , Newbill Colin P. , Johnston Christine , Meyer Tanya K. 
Published: August 2015

Objectives/HypothesisFew cases of herpes simplex virus (HSV) affecting the larynx have been reported in the literature. Although HSV laryngitis appears to present with nonspecific symptoms, this is a potentially serious condition that can rapidly progress to unnecessary morbidity and mortality if not identified and treated accordingly. We report a case of HSV laryngitis in an individual with well controlled human immunodeficiency virus infection and perform a comprehensive literature review of HSV laryngitis in adults. From this case report and review of the literature, we advocate early diagnostic biopsy of unusual or poorly responsive laryngeal lesions for pathology, culture, and virology studies. Laryngoscope, 126:945–948, 2016
Therapeutic advances in restless legs syndrome (RLS)
Authors: Högl Birgit , Comella Cynthia 
Published: August 2015

AbstractLevodopa and dopamine agonists have been the main treatment for restless legs syndrome during the past decades. Although their efficacy has been well documented over the short term, long‐term dopaminergic treatment is often complicated by augmentation, loss of efficacy, and other side effects. Recent large randomized controlled trials provide new evidence for the efficacy of high‐potency opioids and α2δ ligands, and several post hoc analyses, meta‐analyses, algorithms, and guidelines have been published, often with a specific focus, for example, on augmentation, or on management of restless legs syndrome during pregnancy. Several new contributions to understanding the pathophysiology of restless legs syndrome have been published, but at this time, whether they will have an impact on treatment possibilities in the future cannot be estimated. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Nemaline body myopathy caused by a novel mutation in troponin T1 (TNNT1)
Authors: Abdulhaq Ulla Najwa , Daana Mohannad , Dor Talia , Fellig Yakov , Eylon Sharon , Schuelke Markus , Shaag Avraham , Elpeleg Orly , Edvardson Simon 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Nemaline myopathy is a rare disorder characterized by skeletal muscle weakness of varying severity and onset, with the presence of nemaline rods on muscle biopsy. Congenital nemaline body myopathy due to mutations in TNNT1 has hitherto only been described as a result of a single founder mutation in patients of Amish origin and in 2 other individuals with different recessive mutations. Methods: Autozygosity mapping and whole exome sequencing were applied after we identified 9 Palestinian patients from 7 unrelated families who have nemaline myopathy. Results: All patients were homozygous for a novel complex rearrangement of the TNNT1 gene (c.574_577delinsTAGTGCTGT | NM_003283) leading to C‐terminal truncation of the protein (p.L203* | NP_003274.3). Their clinical course was remarkable for early respiratory failure and striking stiffness of the cervical spine. Conclusions: This report exemplifies the utility of combining autozygosity mapping and whole exome sequencing and expands the phenotype associated with TNNT1 mutations. Muscle Nerve 53: 564–569, 2016
Comparative Effectiveness on Cognitive Asthma Outcomes of the SHARP Academic Asthma Health Education and Counseling Program and a Non‐Academic Program
Authors: Kintner Eileen , Cook Gwendolyn , Marti C. Nathan , Stoddard Debbie , Gomes Melissa , Harmon Phyllis , Van Egeren Laurie A. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAsthma morbidity and mortality is higher among older school‐age children and early adolescents than other age groups across the lifespan. NIH recommended expanding asthma education to schools and community settings to meet cognitive outcomes that have an impact on morbidity and mortality. Guided by the acceptance of asthma model, an evidence‐guided, comprehensive school‐based academic health education and counseling program,Staying Healthy—Asthma Responsible & Prepared™ (SHARP), was developed. The program complements existing school curricula by integrating biology, psychology, and sociology content with related spelling, math, and reading and writing assignments. Feasibility, benefits, and efficacy have been established. We compared the effectiveness of SHARP to a non‐academic program, Open Airways for Schools, in improving asthma knowledge and reasoning about symptom management. A two‐group, cluster‐randomized, single‐blinded design was used with a sample of 205 students in grades 4–5 with asthma and their caregivers. Schools were matched prior to randomization. The unit of analysis was the student. Certified elementary school teachers delivered the programs during instructional time. Data were collected from student/caregiver dyads at baseline and at 1, 12, and 24 months after the intervention. In multilevel modeling, students enrolled in the academic SHARP program demonstrated significant (p< .001) improvement in asthma knowledge and reasoning over students enrolled in the non‐academic program. Knowledge advantages were retained at 24 months. Findings support delivery in schools of the SHARP academic health education program for students with asthma. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transforming growth factor‐β signaling induced during prostate cancer cell death and neuroendocrine differentiation is mediated by bone marrow stromal cells
Authors: Miles Fayth L. , Kurtoglu Senem , Ahmer Chris , Soori Mehrnoosh , Favate John S. , Sikes Robert A. 
Published: August 2015

IntroductionProstate cancer that has metastasized to bone undergoes critical interactions with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), ultimately promoting tumor survival. Previous studies have shown that BMSCs secrete factors that promote prostate cancer apoptosis or neuroendocrine differentiation. Because of the significance of transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) family cytokines in cytostasis and bone metastasis, the role of TGF‐β signaling in the context of prostate cancer‐BMSC interactions was investigated.MethodsThe role of TGF‐β family signaling in BMSC‐induced apoptosis of lineage‐related prostate cancer cells was investigated in live/dead assays. SMAD phosphorylation or activity during apoptosis and neuroendocrine differentiation was investigated using immunofluorescence, Western blotting, and luciferase reporter assays, along with the ALK‐4, ‐5, ‐7 kinase inhibitor, SB‐431542.ResultsTreatment of castration‐resistant prostate cancer cells with SB‐431542 resulted in significant reduction of apoptosis mediated by HS‐5 BMSCs, supporting the involvement of TGF‐β/SMAD signaling during this event. Interestingly, however, pre‐treatment of BMSCs with TGF‐β1 (5 ng/mL) yielded a conditioned medium that elicited a marked reduction in prostate cancer death. Phosphorylated‐SMAD2 (P‐SMAD2) was activated in BMSC‐triggered transdifferentiated prostate cancer cells, as demonstrated through immunoblotting and luciferase reporter assays. However, SB‐431542 did not restore androgen receptor and prostate specific antigen levels down‐regulated by BMSC‐secreted factors. Prostate cancer cells induced to undergo neuroendocrine differentiation in a BMSC‐independent mechanism also showed elevated levels of P‐SMAD2.DiscussionCollectively, our findings indicate that: (1) TGF‐β family cytokines or regulated factors secreted from BMSCs are involved in prostate cancer apoptosis; (2) TGF‐β signaling in prostate cancer cells is induced during neuroendocrine differentiation; and (3) TGF‐β1 stimulation of BMSCs alters paracrine signaling to create a permissive environment for prostate cancer survival, suggesting a mechanism for prostate cancer‐mediated colonization of bone.ConclusionsTGF‐β signaling resulting in activation of SMAD2 in prostate cancer may be an indicator of cellular stress in the presence of toxic paracrine factors released from the bone marrow stroma, ultimately fostering prostate cancer colonization of bone. Prostate 75:1802–1813, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Polyomavirus BK and prostate cancer: a complex interaction of potential clinical relevance
Authors: Keller Etienne Xavier , Delbue Serena , Tognon Mauro , Provenzano Maurizio 
Published: August 2015

SummarySeveral studies associating BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) and prostate cancer (PCa) suggested that this virus may exert its oncogenic activity at early stages of cancer development. The BKPyV oncogene, the large T antigen (LTag), has frequently been detected in areas of proliferative inflammatory atrophy, which is considered a precursor lesion leading to prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and overt PCa. In a recently updated systematic review, the presence of BKPyV was significantly higher in PCa tissues than in healthy control tissues, providing an indication for a link between BKPyV infection and cancer risk. In addition, recent original investigations highlighted an association between expression of the virus and the clinical course of PCa. For example, by studying immune responses elicited against BKPyV LTag, a significant association between LTag positive cancer lesions and a peculiar regulatory profiling has been observed in PCa patients with evidence of disease recurrence after surgical radical prostatectomy. Lastly, a study carried out in a larger cohort of patients undergoing radical prostatectomy revealed the IgG response against LTag as an independent predictor of disease recurrence. Although a full picture of the mechanisms potentially responsible for the involvement of BKPyV in PCa is not available yet, continuing work on this topic should help to refine the potential role of BKPyV in PCa patients, perhaps revealing unsuspected associations with the clinical course of this disease. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fretting fatigue phenomenon in bolted high‐strength steel plate connections
Authors: Hämäläinen Olli‐Pekka , Björk Timo 
Published: August 2015

AbstractFretting fatigue is a major obstacle for bolted joints used as an alternative to welding. Several studies of the subject so far have concerned aluminium or titanium joints, but due to the recently developed high‐strength steels that can be challenging to weld, the steel industry would also like to explore this field. This paper presents the experimental fatigue test results of double‐lap joints in S355 and S960QC steels. The results are compared and analysed using the SWT parameter and an FE model of the test specimen. The noticeable difference in fretting fatigue behaviour of these materials will be explained and the controversial crack initiation issue addressed.
Dynamic response of steel pipe rack structures subjected to explosion loads
Authors: Aarønæs Anton , Nilsson Hanna , Neumann Nicolas 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis paper describes a parametric study of the dynamic behaviour of steel pipe rack structures subjected to explosion loading. The pipe rack design is assumed to be a multi‐planar lattice girder consisting of rectangular or square hollow sections. Numerical analysis with the finite element method was performed on a series of 54 pipe racks in total, varying parameters such as mass distribution and aspect ratio. The study provides a deeper understanding – and forms the basis for a more accurate prediction – of the dynamic response of multi‐planar lattice girder structures such as steel pipe racks.
The App Map
Authors: Israelson Madeleine Heins 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAs portable devices become increasingly available in elementary classrooms teachers are expected to use these new technologies to engage students in both traditional print‐based literacy learning and digital literacies practices, such as multimodal composing. Teachers face the daunting task of integrating apps into their current research‐based literacy practices. This article describes “The App Map,” a framework for elementary teachers’ selection of apps for early literacy instruction. The App Map guides teachers as they draw upon their knowledge of research‐based best practices for literacy instruction to systematically evaluate apps, identify affordances, and determine value added to instruction through the use of apps for literacy learning. This systematic approach to selecting apps supports teachers in their efforts to use apps that complement best practices for literacy instruction while fostering 21st century learning skills and digital literacies.
Role of particle size, shape, and stiffness in design of intravascular drug delivery systems: insights from computations, experiments, and nature
Authors: Sen Gupta Anirban 
Published: August 2015

Packaging of drug molecules within microparticles and nanoparticles has become an important strategy in intravascular drug delivery, where the particles are designed to protect the drugs from plasma effects, increase drug residence time in circulation, and often facilitate drug delivery specifically at disease sites. To this end, over the past few decades, interdisciplinary research has focused on developing biocompatible materials for particle fabrication, technologies for particle manufacture, drug formulation within the particles for efficient loading, and controlled release and refinement of particle surface chemistries to render selectivity toward disease site for site‐selective action. Majority of the particle systems developed for such purposes are spherical nano and microparticles and they have had low‐to‐moderate success in clinical translation. To refine the design of delivery systems for enhanced performance, in recent years, researchers have started focusing on the physicomechanical aspects of carrier particles, especially their shape, size, and stiffness, as new design parameters. Recent computational modeling studies, as well as, experimental studies using microfluidic devices are indicating that these design parameters greatly influence the particles’ behavior in hemodynamic circulation, as well as cell‐particle interactions for targeted payload delivery. Certain cellular components of circulation are also providing interesting natural cues for refining the design of drug carrier systems. Based on such findings, new benefits and challenges are being realized for the next generation of drug carriers. The current article will provide a comprehensive review of these findings and discuss the emerging design paradigm of incorporating physicomechanical components in fabrication of particulate drug delivery systems. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2016, 8:255–270. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1362This article is categorized under:

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Cardiovascular Disease
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Ex Vivo Intra‐arterial Methylene Blue Injection in Rectal Cancer Specimens Increases the Lymph‐Node Harvest, Especially After Preoperative Radiation
Authors: Münster Maria , Hanisch Uwe , Tuffaha Muin , Kube Rainer , Ptok Henry 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe examination of as large a number of lymph nodes as possible in rectal carcinoma resectates is important for exact staging. However, after neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy (RCT), it can be difficult to obtain a sufficient number of lymph nodes. We therefore investigated whether staining with methylene blue via the inferior mesenteric artery can lead to an increase in the yield of lymph nodes in rectal carcinoma tissue after neoadjuvant RCT.MethodsIn a prospective, unicentric study rectal carcinoma resectates from three consecutive groups of patients were examined (Group I, no staining; Group II, staining with methylene blue; Group III, again no staining). The numbers of lymph nodes examined were compared (a) between the groups and (b) between patients who had not, or who had, received neoadjuvant RCT.ResultsIn all, 75 rectal carcinoma preparations were assessed. The yield of lymph nodes investigated before the use of staining (Group I) increased when staining was introduced (Group II), both for the patients without neoadjuvant RCT (20.9 vs. 31.3, p = 0.018) and for those who did receive this (15.0 vs. 35.1; p = 0.003). After withdrawal of the staining procedure (Group III), the lymph‐node yield remained high for the patients without neoadjuvant RCT (31.3 vs. 30.4; p = 0.882), but it reverted to a lower value for those who did receive neoadjuvant RCT (35.1 vs. 24.2; p = 0.029). Before the introduction of staining (Group I), significantly fewer lymph nodes were examined for patients who received neoadjuvant RCT (15.0 vs. 20.9; p = 0.039). However, with staining (Group II), no difference was found associated with the use or non‐use of neoadjuvant RCT (31.3 vs. 35.1; p = 0.520).ConclusionThe use of methylene blue staining of rectal carcinoma preparations leads to a significant increase in the number of lymph nodes examined after neoadjuvant RCT. This can be expected to improve the accuracy of lymph‐node staging of neoadjuvant‐treated rectal carcinoma.
Chemistry of Supraglacial Ponds in the Debris-Covered Area of Lirung Glacier in Central Nepal Himalayas
Authors: Bhatt Maya P. , Takeuchi Nozomu , Acevedo Miguel F. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractGlacial meltwater samples were collected from 15 supraglacial ponds at elevations ranging between 3989 and 4292 m above sea level in the debris-covered area of Lirung glacier in central Nepal Himalayas, from November 2010 to October 2011 on a bimonthly basis. We examined elevation trends, and their control by seasonality, dominant geochemical processes, and seasonal dynamics in these supraglacial ponds. Concentration of some parameters showed a decreasing trend with elevation but with high variability and modulation by seasons, being more prevalent in the post-monsoon. Sulfate is the only parameter showing significant elevation trends regardless of the season, although the trend is also affected by the monsoon. The concentrations of major chemical solutes were highest during post-monsoon season and lower in the pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons, indicating influence of seasonality on dissolution, dilution, and hydrological processes. Contribution to chemical loads from marine aerosols to these pond water appeared to be minor except for sodium and magnesium. Chemical weathering of carbonate and silicate minerals fueled by dissolution of pyrite appeared as the dominant geochemical processes.