bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient and carer perceptions of video, telephone and in-person clinics for Phenylketonuria (PKU)
Authors: McBride Hannah , Evans Sharon , Pinto Alex , Daly Anne , Ashmore Catherine , Ilgaz Fatma , Ford Suzanne , Buckley Sharon , MacDonald Anita 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
In phenylketonuria (PKU), attending multidisciplinary clinic reviews is an important aspect of life-long care. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, video and telephone clinics are used as alternative methods for people with PKU to have contact with their care team. There is limited research concerning patient preference, experience and perceptions of alternative types of clinic review. Individuals from the UK with PKU and their caregivers were invited to complete an online questionnaire, hosted on the National Society for PKU (NSPKU) website and social media platform.

Results
Data was available from 203 respondents. Forty one per cent of respondents (n = 49/119) preferred in-person clinics; 41% (n = 49) a hybrid of in-person, video and telephone clinics; 9% (n = 11) video clinics only, 6% (n = 7) telephone only and 3% (n = 3) were unsure. The main respondent obstacles to in-person clinics were costs, travel and time, but this was balanced by the benefits of a physical examination and better patient engagement/motivation. Twenty one per cent (n = 36/169) of respondents were uncomfortable with the number of healthcare professionals (HCPs) in a clinic room. Patients were less likely to consult with a doctor on video (64%, n = 91/143) or phone (50%, n = 59/119) reviews compared to in-person (80%, n = 146/183). Issues with video and telephone reviews included the shorter time length of review, distractions, technical issues and poor patient engagement.

Conclusions
Online video and telephone clinic platforms were effective in overcoming the challenging circumstances in management, monitoring and treatment of patients with PKU during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, in-person clinics remain the preferred respondent option. It is important that HCPs are flexible, enabling people with PKU a choice of clinic options according to their individual clinical need and circumstances.
Added predictive value of prehospital measurement of point-of-care lactate in an adult general EMS population in Sweden: a multi-centre observational study
Authors: Magnusson Carl , Herlitz Johan , Axelsson Christer , Höglind Robert , Lökholm Elin , Hörnfeldt Thea Hillberg , Olander Agnes , Björås Joakim , Hagiwara Magnus Andersson , Wennberg Pär 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Emergency medical services (EMS) personnel must rapidly assess and transport patients with time-sensitive conditions to optimise patient outcomes. Serum lactate, a valuable in-hospital biomarker, has become more accessible in EMS settings through point-of-care (POC) testing. Although POC lactate levels are valuable in specific patient groups, its broader application in EMS remains unclear. This study assessed the additional predictive value of POC lactate levels in a general adult EMS population.

Methods
This prospective observational study (March 2018 to September 2019) involved two EMS organisations in Västra Götaland, Sweden. Patients were triaged using the Rapid Triage and Treatment System (RETTS). POC lactate levels were measured using StatStrip Xpress devices. Non-consecutive patients who received EMS and were aged 18 years and above were available for inclusion if triaged into RETTS levels: red, orange, yellow, or green if respiratory rate of ≥ 22 breaths/min. Outcomes were adverse outcomes, including a time-sensitive diagnosis, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score ≥ 2, and 30-day mortality. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, imputation, and regression models to assess the impact of the addition of POC lactate levels to a base model (comprising patient age, sex, presence of past medical conditions, vital signs, pain, EMS response time, assessed triage condition, and triage level) and a RETTS triage model.

Results
Of 4,546 patients (median age 75 [57, 84] years; 49% male), 32.4% had time-sensitive conditions, 12.5% met the SOFA criteria, and 7.4% experienced 30-day mortality. The median POC lactate level was 1.7 (1.2, 2.5) mmol/L. Patients with time-sensitive conditions had higher lactate levels (1.9 mmol/L) than those with non-time-sensitive conditions (1.6 mmol/L). The probability of a time-sensitive condition increased with increasing lactate level. The addition of POC lactate marginally enhanced the predictive models, with a 1.5% and 4% increase for the base and RETTS triage models, respectively. POC lactate level as a sole predictor showed chance-only level predictive performance.

Conclusions
Prehospital POC lactate assessment provided limited additional predictive value in a general adult EMS population. However, it may be beneficial in specific patient subgroups, emphasizing the need for its judicious use in prehospital settings.
Causal relationship between gut microbiota and diabetic complications: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Liu Jinya , Chen Yuanyuan , Peng Cheng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Imbalances in gut microbiota (GM) have been proposed as a potential contributing factor to diabetic complications; however, the causal relationship remains incompletely understood.

Methods
Summary statistics were obtained from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of 196 gut microbial taxa, including 9 phyla, 16 classes, 20 orders, 32 families, and 119 genera. These data were then analyzed using mediation Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to explore the potential mediating effect of diabetes complications risk factors on the relationship between gut microbiota and specific diabetic complications such as diabetic kidney disease (DKD), ketoacidosis, and diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Results
In our Mendelian analysis, we observed negative associations between Bifidobacterial order and Actinomycete phylum with DKD in type 1 diabetes (T1D) as well as early DKD in T1D. Conversely, these taxa showed positive associations with ketoacidosis in type 2 diabetes (T2D). In reverse Mendelian analysis, we found that DR in both T1D and T2D as well as ketoacidosis in T2D affected the abundance of Eubacterium fissicaten genus and LachnospiraceaeUCG010 family within the gut microbiota.

Conclusions
Our findings provide compelling evidence for causal relationships between specific GM taxa and various diabetes complications. These insights contribute valuable knowledge for developing treatments targeting diabetes-related complications.
Eco-friendly biotransformation of penicillin G by free and immobilized marine halophilic Bacillus pseudomycoides AH1
Authors: Farag Aida M. , Ghonam Hasnaa E-B. , El-Borai Aliaa M. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Several antibiotics are partially metabolized by patients after administration and end up in municipal sewage systems. The fate of biodegradation in aquatic environments and the role of biodegradation in the development of bacterial resistance are poorly understood. Thus, as a crucial step in an environmental risk assessment, the biodegradability of many therapeutically significant antibiotics was investigated.

Results
A marine halophilic bacteria that degrades penicillin G (PEN-G) was isolated and identified based on morphology, physio-biochemical characteristics, and 16S rDNA sequences as Bacillus pseudomycoides AH1 (accession no. MF037698). The effects of various concentrations of PEN-G and carbon and nitrogen sources on the biotransformation ability at 30°C and pH 7.0 were evaluated. Cells grown in medium supplemented with glucose as an additional carbon source and yeast extract as a nitrogen source exhibited maximal PEN-G biotransformation efficiency and rate (71.678% ±1.28 and 2.99 mg/h, respectively). The culture conditions for B. pseudomycoides AH1 cells were optimized using a Plackett–Burman design (PBD). Six key determinants (p < 0.05) significantly affected the process outcome, as deduced by regression analysis of the PBD data, and modified MSM broth achieved PEN-G biotransformation efficiency (100%) under aerobic shaking conditions at 35°C, irrespective of HPLC analysis. Additionally, the present investigation could strongly support the application of immobilization approaches for the removal of PEN-G-contaminated environmental sites.

Conclusion
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first detailed study on the efficient biotransformation of PEN-G by an alginate-bacteria system as a simple, green, and inexpensive process, as well as a promising method.
Study of the effect of green sand properties on thermal conductivity variation of sand mould
Authors: Khalifa Dorsaf , Mzali Foued 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThermal conductivity of moulding sands is very poorly known. In addition, the study of thermal conductivity variation of moulding sand as a function of its properties is a crucial step in the prediction of moulding defects. So, this study investigates the effects of moisture content, compactibility and permeability of green sand on its thermal conductivity variation, with a specific focus on the combination of bentonite, sand and water for thermal characterization of the transient hot-bridge (THB) method. Three levels of active clay content were selected: 8.1%, 8.98% and 10.03%. For each level of active clay, different mixes were made by varying the amount of added water. Compactibility, permeability and thermal conductivity tests were carried out for each combination of active clay and moisture contents. The experimental results show that thermal conductivity increases with water content and compactibility for different active clay contents, whereas thermal conductivity decreases with permeability, and this variation is highly significant especially for 8.07% of active clay content.
Nociception level index variations in ICU: curarized vs non-curarized patients — a pilot study
Authors: Bonvecchio Emilio , Vailati Davide , Mura Federica Della , Marino Giovanni 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Pain is a major physiological stressor that can worsen critical medical conditions in many ways. Currently, there is no reliable monitoring tool which is available for pain monitoring in the deeply sedated ± curarized critically ill patients. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of the multiparameter nociception index (NOL®) in the critical care setting. We compared NOL with traditionally used neurovegetative signs and examined its correlation with sedation depth measured by bispectral index (BIS®) electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring.

Methods
This retrospective monocentric cohort study was conducted in a general intensive care unit, including patients who required moderate-to-deep levels of sedation with or without continuous neuromuscular blockade. The performance of NOL was evaluated both in the entire studied population, as well as in two subgroups: curarized and non-curarized patients.

Results
NOL demonstrated greater accuracy than all other indicators in pain detection in the overall population. In the non-curare subgroup, all indices correctly recognized painful stimulation, while in the patients subjected to neuromuscular blocking agent’s infusion, only NOL properly identified nociception. In the former group, EEG’s relation to nociception was on the border of statistical significance, whereas in the latter BIS showed no correlation with NOL.

Conclusion
NOL emerges as a promising device for pain assessment in the critical care setting and exhibits its best performance precisely in the clinical context where reliable pain assessment methods are most lacking. Furthermore, our research confirms the distinction between sedation and analgesia, highlighting the necessity for distinct monitoring instruments to accurately assess them.
Incidence of Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw in Patients With Breast Cancer During a 20-Year Follow-Up: A Population-Based Multicenter Retrospective Study
Authors: Brunner Christine , Arvandi Marjan , Marth Christian , Egle Daniel , Baumgart Florentina , Emmelheinz Miriam , Walch Benjamin , Lercher Johanna , Iannetti Claudia , Wöll Ewald , Pechlaner Agnes , Zabernigg August , Volgger Birgit , Castellan Maria , Andraschofsky Oliver Tibor , Markl Alice , Hubalek Michael , Schnallinger Michael , Puntscher Sibylle , Siebert Uwe , Schönherr Sebastian , Forer Lukas , Bruckmoser Emanuel , Laimer Johannes 
Published: August 2024

PURPOSE
Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is one of the most important toxicities of antiresorptive therapy, which is standard practice for patients with breast cancer and bone metastases. However, the population-based incidence of MRONJ is not well established. We therefore performed a retrospective multicenter study to assess the incidence for a whole Austrian federal state (Tyrol).

MATERIALS AND METHODS
This retrospective multicenter study was conducted between 2000 and 2020 at all nine breast centers across Tyrol, Austria. Using the cancer registry, the total Tyrolean population was screened for all patients with breast cancer. All patients with breast cancer and bone metastases receiving antiresorptive therapy were finally included in the study.

RESULTS
From 8,860 patients initially screened, 639 individuals were eligible and included in our study. Patients received antiresorptive therapy once per month without de-escalation of therapy. MRONJ was diagnosed in 56 (8.8%, 95% CI, 6.6 to 11.0) patients. The incidence of MRONJ was 11.6% (95% CI, 8.0 to 15.3) in individuals treated with denosumab only, 2.8% (95% CI, 0.7 to 4.8) in those treated with bisphosphonates only, and 16.3% (95% CI, 8.8 to 23.9) in the group receiving bisphosphonates followed by denosumab. Individuals developed MRONJ significantly earlier when treated with denosumab. Time to MRONJ after treatment initiation was 4.6 years for individuals treated with denosumab only, 5.1 years for individuals treated with bisphosphonates only, and 8.4 years for individuals treated with both consecutively.

CONCLUSION
MRONJ incidence in breast cancer patients with bone metastases was found to be considerably higher, especially for patients receiving denosumab, when compared with available data in the literature. Additionally, patients treated with denosumab developed MRONJ significantly earlier.
Effects of Hormonal Contraception and the Menstrual Cycle on Maximal Strength and Power Performance
Authors: CABRE HANNAH E. , JONIAK KELLY E. , LADAN ALEX N. , MOORE SAM R. , BLUE MALIA N. M. , PIETROSIMONE BRIAN G. , CORTES YAMNIA I. , HACKNEY ANTHONY C. , SMITH-RYAN ABBIE E. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
To evaluate the effects of oral contraceptive (OC) and hormonal intrauterine device (H-IUD) use, compared with an eumenorrheic (EUM) cycle, on maximal strength and power between hormone phases.

Methods
One-repetition maximum (1RM) leg press and bench press, peak force from knee extension and upright row isometric dynamometry, and power from vertical jump height and reactive strength index (cm·s−1) were measured in 60 healthy, active women (mean ± SD; age: 26.5 ± 7.0 yr, body mass index: 23.8 ± 3.0 kg·m−2) who were monophasic OC users for ≥6 months (n = 21), had an H-IUD for ≥6 months (n = 20), or had regularly naturally occurring menstrual cycle for ≥3 months or were using a nonhormonal IUD (EUM; n = 19). Participants were randomly assigned to begin in the follicular phase/placebo pill (low hormone phase (LHP)) or in the luteal phase/active pill (high hormone phase (HHP)) and were tested once in each phase. Estimates of total lean mass (LM), leg LM, and arm LM were measured via dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Separate univariate ANCOVAs were used to assess the change from HHP to LHP between groups, with LM and progesterone as covariates.

Results
Leg press 1RM was significantly different across phases between groups (P = 0.037), with higher leg press 1RM in the HHP for the OC group (mean difference [∆ HHP − LHP] ± standard error: ∆ 7.4 ± 15.9 kg; P = 0.043) compared with the H-IUD group (∆ −8.9 ± 23.8 kg; P = 0.043). All groups demonstrated similar bench press 1RM, peak force, vertical jump height, and reactive strength index between phases (P > 0.05).

Conclusions
Lower body strength was greater in the HHP for OC users (5.6% increase) suggesting that lower body maximal strength outcomes may be influenced by hormonal contraception type.
Distinct Neural Drives along the Semitendinosus Muscle
Authors: SAHINIS CHRYSOSTOMOS , AMIRIDIS IOANNIS G. , KANNAS THEODOROS M. , FARINA DARIO , ENOKA ROGER M. , KELLIS ELEFTHERIOS 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Conflicting results have been reported on the functional role of the proximal and distal compartments of the semitendinosus (ST) muscle. This study compared the discharge characteristics of motor units (MU) in the two compartments at three knee joint angles (0°: long length; 45°: intermediate length; and 90°: short length).

Methods
Twenty men (21.4 ± 2.3 yr) performed steady isometric contractions with the knee flexors at four target forces: 10%, 20%, 40%, and 60% of maximum voluntary contraction. High-density EMG signals were recorded to examine the MU discharge characteristics in the two compartments. Measurements included recruitment threshold, mean discharge rate, coefficient of variation (CoV) for interspike interval, and SD of filtered cumulative spike train (fCST). Additionally, the within- and between-compartment association of the neural drive was calculated.

Results
ANOVA indicated that maximal force, absolute EMG amplitude during the maximum voluntary contractions, and force steadiness (CoV for force) were greater at the longest muscle length than the other two lengths (P < 0.05). Linear mixed models showed that both recruitment threshold and CoV for interspike interval were similar between compartments (P > 0.05) at each of the three knee joint angles. However, the mean discharge rate and the variability in neural drive were greater for the proximal than the distal compartment (P < 0.05). The between-compartment association in neural drive (filtered cumulative spike train) was relatively low.

Conclusions
There were distinct differences in MU discharge characteristics between the proximal and the distal compartments of ST across its operating range of muscle lengths, and each compartment received a relatively distinct neural drive. These findings emphasize the importance of recognizing differences in neural control of the ST compartments to guide related interventions and to inform rehabilitation strategies.
Heat Suit Training Preserves the Increased Hemoglobin Mass after Altitude Camp in Elite Cyclists
Authors: RØNNESTAD BENT R. , ODDEN INGVILL , URIANSTAD TOMAS , HANSEN JOAR , MØLMEN KNUT S. , CARDINALE DANIELE A. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Altitude training is a common strategy used with the intent to increase hemoglobin mass (Hbmass) in athletes. However, if the Hbmass is increased during altitude camps, it seems to decline rapidly upon returning to sea level. This study aimed to examine the efficacy of three weekly heat training sessions over a 3.5-wk period after a 3-wk altitude camp on the maintenance of Hbmass in elite cyclists.

Methods
Eighteen male cyclists (maximal oxygen consumption: 76 ± 5 mL·min−1·kg−1) underwent a 3-wk altitude training camp at ~2100 m above sea level. After the camp, participants were divided into one group performing three weekly heat sessions that were subtracted from their usual training (HEAT) while the other continuing usual training (CON). Training characteristics were recorded during the intervention, whereas hematological measurements were recorded before the camp as well as 2 d and 3.5 wk after the altitude camp.

Results
The 3-wk altitude camp led to an overall increase in total Hbmass of 4.1%. Afterward, HEAT maintained Hbmass (0.2%, P = 0.738), whereas CON group experienced a significant reduction (−3.3%, P < 0.001) (ΔHEAT vs ΔCON, P < 0.001). Moreover, HEAT increased plasma volume (PV) by 11.6% (P = 0.007) and blood volume (BV) by 5.8% (P = 0.007), whereas CON only showed an increase in PV (5.5%, P = 0.041). Exercise intensity and training load were not different between groups during the maintenance period.

Conclusions
This study suggests that incorporating three weekly heat training sessions into the usual training routine preserves a moderately increased Hbmass in elite cyclists after an altitude camp.
Supplemental data for "Drainage Water Management: A Review of Nutrient Load Reductions and Cost Effectiveness"
Authors: Frankenberger Jane , McMillan Sara , Williams Mark , Mazer Katy , Ross Jared , Sohngen Brent 
Published: August 2024

<p>This dataset provides annual nitrogen loads and reductions calculated for the practice of drainage water management (controlled drainage without irrigation) around the world. </p>
Broadly tunable Tm:BaF2 and Tm:SrF2 lasers
Authors: Veselský Karel , Loiko Pavel , Eremeev Kirill , Benayad Abdelmjid , Šulc Jan , Jelínková Helena , Camy Patrice , Braud Alain 
Published: August 2024

We report on the spectroscopic properties and first continuous-wave (CW) and broadly tunable operation of a Tm3+-doped barium fluoride (BaF2) crystal, comparing it with another fluorite-type compound, Tm3+:SrF2. Tm3+ ions in BaF2 exhibit broader emission around 2 µm (bandwidth: 235 nm) at the expense of a lower stimulated-emission cross-section (1.36×10−21cm2 at 1.86 µm) and a longer luminescence lifetime (12.03 ms) as compared with Tm:SrF2. The room-temperature CW Tm:BaF2 laser generated 184 mW at 1.88 µm with a slope efficiency of 54.8% exceeding the Stokes limit and a low laser threshold of 84 mW. In the quasi-CW regime, its output was further scaled to 0.56 W with even higher slope efficiency of 67.2%. By using an MgF2-based Lyot filter, continuous wavelength tuning of this laser from 1833 to 2002 nm (tuning range: 169 nm) was demonstrated. Tm:BaF2 is promising for ultrashort pulse generation from mode-locked lasers.