bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overexpression of BRCA1 or BRCA2 in prostatectomy specimens is predictive of biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy
Authors: Kim Sung Han , Park Weon Seo , Yun Soo In , Joo Jungnam , Joung Jae Young , Seo Ho Kyung , Chung Jinsoo , Lee Geon Kook , Lee Kang Hyun 
Published: August 2015

AimsTo investigate the protein expressions of breast cancer 1 (BRCA1) and 2 (BRCA2) in prostatectomy specimens of localized prostate cancer (PC) patients, along with their associations with cancer characteristics and prognosis.Methods and resultsImmunohistochemistry for BRCA1 and BRCA2 was performed on tissue microarrays of 510 PC cases treated from 2002 to 2012. The cytoplasmic immunoreactivity was scored for intensity, and clinicopathological parameters, including biochemical recurrence (BCR), were evaluated. During a median follow‐up of 44 months, 128 patients developed BCR, with positive staining rates of 93.3% (n = 476) and 41.6% (n = 212) for BRCA1 and BRCA2, respectively, in the malignant tissues. The BRCA2 expression differed significantly between BCR‐positive and BCR‐free cases [hazard ratio (HR): 1.75, P = 0.002]. BRCA1 and BRCA2 correlated significantly with age [odds ratio (OR): 0.131] and pN stage (OR: 6.00), pN stage (OR: 1.717) and BCR (OR: 1.972), respectively (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that BRCA1 (HR: 0.435), BRCA2 (HR: 2.45), pT3 stage (HR: 2.253), resection margin positivity (HR: 1.58), prostate size (HR: 0.975) and Gleason score (HR: 2.214–2.253) were independent predictors of BCR (P < 0.05). Moreover, BRCA2 correlated significantly with BCR‐free survival (P = 0.0017).ConclusionsBRCA1 or BRCA2 overexpression is a significant predictive factor for BCR in PC patients.
Effect of germination on vitamin C, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)
Authors: Wang Hong , Qiu Caisheng , Abbasi Arshad M. , Chen Gu , You Lijun , Li Tong , Fu Xiong , Wang Yufu , Guo Xinbo , Liu Rui Hai 
Published: August 2015

SummaryFlaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) is well known for its health benefits and chemical composition. This study aimed to evaluate the dynamic changes caused by germination in vitamin C, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities of flaxseed. It was observed that eight‐day germination of flaxseed sprouts caused increases in phytochemical contents, that is 22.1‐fold increase in vitamin C, 2.67‐fold increase in phenolics and 5.48‐fold increase in flavonoid contents as compare to initial concentration in flaxseeds on dry weight basis. The stimulation was also noted in the three identified phenolic acid ingredients including caffeic acid, p‐coumaric acid and ferulic acid. Similarly, the total PSC and ORAC values of flax sprouts at day 8 increased by 3‐ to 4‐folds compared to nongerminated flaxseeds. It is revealed that comparatively, 8‐day germination of flax sprouts leads to a significant increase in vitamin C, phenolic constituents and total antioxidant activities than those of flaxseeds.
Critical social science and emancipation:II, development and application
Authors: Edwards Paul 
Published: August 2015

AbstractHow can industrial relations scholars engage with practice while remaining critical? PartIargued that a notion of real interests establishes the grounds for action. This notion can be developed in terms of differing dimensions of interests. These dimensions are illustrated using concrete examples. The dimensions do not provide direct answers in specific instances; personal judgement remains essential. But they provide some tools for thinking about these issues. They also help to identify the conditions under which intervention is unproblematic and hence where institutional reform in industrial relations and ‘uncritical management studies’ more generally can be acceptable from a critical point of view.
Elevated transmission of upper respiratory illness among new recruits in military barracks in Thailand
Authors: Levy Jens W. , Bhoomiboonchoo Piraya , Simasathien Sriluck , Salje Henrik , Huang Angkana , Rangsin Ram , Jarman Richard G. , Fernandez Stefan , Klungthong Chonticha , Hussem Kittinun , Gibbons Robert V. , Yoon In‐Kyu 
Published: August 2015

BackgroundNew recruits within military barracks present conditions favorable for the spread of respiratory pathogens. However, respiratory pathogen transmission in such confined settings in the tropics has not been well studied.MethodsRecruits in four successive Royal Thai Army basic training classes living in military barracks were monitored for the symptoms of influenza‐like illness (ILI) or upper respiratory illness (URI). Classes 1 and 2 were also monitored after basic training. Nasal/throat swabs from acute illnesses were collected and tested by influenza RT‐PCR (all four classes). In addition, class 1 had multiplex PCR performed along with the analysis of bed locations within the barracks.ResultsInfluenza‐like illness/upper respiratory illness rates ranged from 4·7 to 6·9 per 100 recruit‐weeks in the four classes and generally decreased during the course of basic training (P < 0·05 in three of four classes). Rates during basic training were 1·7 (95% CI: 1·29, 2·29) and 2·5 (95% CI: 1·5, 4·1) times higher than after basic training (classes 1 and 2, respectively). In class 1, coronavirus, parainfluenza virus, and rhinovirus were the most commonly identified respiratory pathogens; only one influenza PCR‐positive infection was detected in all four classes. Bed locations of URI/ILI cases in class 1 tended to be in closer proximity to each other.ConclusionBasic training recruits in military barracks in the tropics had high rates of acute respiratory illnesses with illness patterns consistent with external seeding followed by substantial internal transmission. Our findings may contribute to control measures in similar confined settings both within and outside the military.
Cultures of participation—for students, by students
Authors: Payton Fay Cobb 
Published: August 2015

AbstractCulturally relevant health information is said to benefit diverse populations and is critical for health dissemination and user experience creation. Social media and online content provide mechanisms to engage specific populations while helping to reduce barriers that can often hinder participation and engagement. Using action research and informed by co‐creation theory, the MyHealthImpactNetwork.org initiative seeks to provide a user experience targeting Black female college students. Data were collected from females at a large university located in the Southeast United States. Through focus group participants' feedback, co‐creation with students as design delegates and reviews of social media resentments, MyHealthImpactNetwork.org evolved to include user‐driven content. Results indicate that Black females are interested in HIV prevention information that uses simple, non‐technical health jargon. The information should be, however, socially engaging to enable their voices to be heard, absent of cultural assumptions and biases about Black women, and embody an ownership ethos relative to social content. Informed by principals of canonical action research and the co‐creation that results between the researcher and potential user, these findings suggest that the hedonic dimension underpins the key design lessons. This research helps to fill a void in the literature regarding the creation of user experiences for health‐related messages, particularly those regarding stigmatized conditions, such as HIV, while designing for cultures of participation among under‐represented groups.
Macaronesia is a departure gate of anagenetic speciation in the moss genus Rhynchostegiella
Authors: Patiño Jairo , Vanderpoorten Alain 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAimWhy some groups of species radiate, when others appear not to have done so, remains a fundamental question in evolutionary biology. Here, we investigate why island endemism, a common surrogate of speciation rate, reaches its lowest levels among land plants in bryophytes. Using molecular phylogeographical analyses in the moss genus Rhynchostegiella, we contrast the hypotheses (1) that the small size of oceanic islands and moderate genetic isolation in island populations with high dispersal capacities promote lower anagenetic diversification rates than in continental populations, and (2) that island and continental speciation rates do not differ, but island endemics quickly colonize continents.LocationMacaronesia, Europe and Africa.MethodsA time‐calibrated multilocus species tree for 80 populations, representing the nine species of Rhynchostegiella across their entire distribution range, was constructed using beast. Based on this dated tree, ancestral ranges were estimated in BioGeoBears and speciation rates using bamm.ResultsAlthough island‐endemic Rhynchostegiella species evolved anagenetically, speciation rates did not significantly differ between island and continental lineages. Seven episodes of colonization from islands to continental regions were inferred from ancestral‐area estimations, which identified the Canary Islands as the ancestral distribution area of the genus, lending support to our second hypothesis.Main conclusionsOur findings reinforce the view of north‐eastern Atlantic archipelagos as ‘departure gates’ for the colonization of western Europe during the late Pleistocene. They further show that, over longer evolutionary time‐scales, the colonization of continents from island ancestors can lead to speciation and contribute to extant patterns of continental diversity.
Grading keratinocyte atypia in actinic keratosis: a correlation of reflectance confocal microscopy and histopathology
Authors: Pellacani G. , Ulrich M. , Casari A. , Prow T.W. , Cannillo F. , Benati E. , Losi A. , Cesinaro A.M. , Longo C. , Argenziano G. , Soyer H.P. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundActinic Keratosis (AK) is the clinical manifestation of cutaneous dysplasia of epidermal keratinocytes, with progressive trend towards squamous cell carcinoma.ObjectiveTo evaluate the strength of the correlation between keratinocyte atypia, as detected by Reflectance Confocal Microscopy (RCM) and histopathology, and to develop a more objective atypia grading scale for RCM quantification, through a discrete ranking.MethodsA total of 48 AKs and two control areas (photodamaged and non‐photodamaged skin) were selected for this study. All these areas were documented by RCM and biopsied for histopathology. One representative image of the epidermis was selected for RCM and for histopathology and used for side‐by‐side comparison with purpose written software. The assessor chose which of two images displayed more keratinocyte atypia, and an ordered list from the image showing the least to the most keratinocyte atypia was generated. Three evaluations were obtained for RCM and two for histopathology.ResultsGood interobserver correlation was obtained for RCM and histopathology grading, with high concordance between RCM and histopathology grading.ConclusionsExpert rater scan consistently distinguish different grades of cytological atypia. Non‐invasive RCM data from in vivo imaging can be graded for keratinocyte atypia, comparable to histopathological grading.
Treatment of axillary osmidrosis: a comparison between subcutaneous laser and superficial liposuction curettage
Authors: Chen Y.‐T. , Shih P.‐Y. , Chen H.‐J. , Chen T.‐J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundAxillary osmidrosis can lead to personal and social problems, particularly in Asian culture. Superficial liposuction with curettage and subcutaneous laser are surgical intervention commonly used for osmidrosis.ObjectiveRetrospectively, we compared the effectiveness and complications between superficial liposuction with curettage and subcutaneous laser in an Asian population.MethodsTotally, 66 and 19 patients receiving subcutaneous laser and superficial liposuction with curettage (LC) were recruited. The effectiveness of treatment was assessed by patients subjectively. Recurrence rate of osmidrosis and complications were also evaluated.Results95% of patients showed good‐to‐excellent improvement in LC group and only 30% of patients showing good‐to‐excellent results in laser group (P < 0.01). Binary logistic regression revealed that the odds ratio of LC was 53.288 (P = 0.006) for >50% improvement in osmidrosis. The recurrence rate was not significantly different (P = 0.139), however, the duration to recurrence of osmidrosis was significantly longer in LC group (P < 0.01). The complication rate was 31% in LC group and 6% in laser group (P < 0.01).ConclusionSuperficial liposuction with curettage provides more effective treatment with higher complication rates and is possibly suitable for severe patients. For mild‐to‐moderate osmidrosis, or preferring a better cosmetic result or short recovery, subcutaneous laser could be applied.
Diadegma insulare development is altered by Plutella xylostella reared on water‐stressed host plants
Authors: Munir S. , Dosdall L. M. , O'Donovan J. T. , Keddie A. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractNatural enemies of herbivores function in a multitrophic context, and their performance is directly or indirectly influenced by herbivores and their host plants. Very little is known about tritrophic interactions between host plants, pests and their parasitoids, particularly when the host plants are under any stress. Herbivores and their natural enemies’ response to plants under stress are diverse and variable. Therefore, in this study we investigated how diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), reared on water‐stressed host plants (Brassica napus L. and Sinapis alba L.) influenced the development of its larval parasitoid, Diadegma insulare (Cresson). No significant differences were observed in development of P. xylostella when reared on water‐stressed host plants. However, all results indicated that water stress had a strong effect on developmental parameters of D. insulare. Development of D. insulare was delayed when the parasitoid fed on P. xylostella, reared on stressed host plants. Egg to adult development of D. insulare was faster on non‐stressed B. napus than non‐stressed S. alba followed by stressed B. napus and S. alba. Female parasitoids were heavier on non‐stressed host plants than stressed counterparts. Furthermore, the parasitoid lived significantly longer on stressed B. napus. However, body size was not affected by water treatment. Most host plant parameters measured were significantly lower for water‐stressed than non‐stressed treatments. Results suggest that development of this important and effective P. xylostella parasitoid was influenced by both water stress and host plant species.
Using food intake records to estimate compliance with the Eatwell Plate dietary guidelines
Authors: Whybrow S. , Macdiarmid J. I. , Craig L. C. A. , Clark H. , McNeill G. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe UK Eatwell Plate is consumer based advice recommending the proportions of five food groups for a balanced diet: starchy foods, fruit and vegetables, dairy foods, nondairy sources of protein and foods and drinks high in fat or sugar.Many foods comprise ingredients from several food groups and consumers need to consider how these fit with the proportions of the Eatwell Plate. This involves disaggregating composite dishes into proportions of individual food components. The present study aimed to match the diets of adults in Scotland to the Eatwell Plate dietary recommendations and to describe the assumptions and methodological issues associated with estimating Eatwell Plate proportions from dietary records.MethodsFoods from weighed intake records of 161 females and 151 males were assigned to a single Eatwell group based on the main ingredient for composite foods, and the overall Eatwell Plate proportions of each subject's diet were calculated. Food group proportions were then recalculated after disaggregating composite foods.ResultsThe fruit and vegetables and starchy food groups consumed were significantly lower than recommended in the Eatwell Plate, whereas the proportions of the protein and foods high in fat or sugar were significantly higher. Failing to disaggregate composite foods gave an inaccurate estimate of the food group composition of the diet.ConclusionsEstimating Eatwell Plate proportions from dietary records is not straightforward, and is reliant on methodological assumptions. These need to be standardised and disseminated to ensure consistent analysis.
Effects of green tea (Camellia sinensis) mouthwash containing 1% tannin on dental plaque and chronic gingivitis: a double‐blinded, randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Radafshar Golpar , Ghotbizadeh Mahshid , Saadat Farshid , Mirfarhadi Nastaran 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to explore the effects of Iranian green tea mouthwash containing 1% tannin on dental plaque and chronic gingivitis.MethodsIn this randomized, double‐blinded, parallel, controlled clinical trial, 40 volunteer dental students with a gingival index ≥1 were enrolled. At baseline, gingival, plaque, and bleeding indices were recorded and all the participants received dental polishing. Based on random allocation, 20 participants used the test and 20 used chlorhexidine mouthwash with no change in regular toothbrushing methods. The participants were asked to use 15 mL of the respective mouthwash for 1 min, twice a day for 28 days. All indices, as well as stain index, were recorded after 1 and 4 weeks post‐rinsing. Data were analyzed using repeated‐measures ANOVA and Bonferroni tests.ResultsSignificant in‐group differences, but not between‐group differences, were observed in all indices after 1 and 4 weeks compared to baseline. The test mouthwash resulted in significantly less tooth staining than the control.ConclusionThe 1% tannin green tea mouthwash could be a safe and feasible adjunct to mechanical plaque control. The tested green tea mouthwash could be considered a good alternative for chlorhexidine in contraindicating situations.
SIV‐infection‐driven changes of pattern recognition receptor expression in mesenteric lymph nodes and gut microbiota dysbiosis
Authors: Glavan Tiffany W. , Gaulke Christopher A. , Hirao Lauren A. , Sankaran‐Walters Sumathi , Dandekar Satya 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of HIV infection on pattern recognition receptor (PRR) expression in gut‐associated lymphoid tissue and its association with dysbiosis is not well understood.MethodsPRR and cytokine gene expression were examined in mesenteric lymph nodes (mLN) of rhesus macaques during acute and chronic (untreated and early antiretroviral (ART) treated) infections. Gene expression was correlated with microbial abundance in the gut and immune activation.ResultsPRR expression rapidly increases during acute infection and is significantly decreased in chronic infection. Early ART maintains elevated PRR expression. Correlation analysis revealed three distinct groups of bacterial taxa that were associated with gene expression changes in infection.ConclusionsPRR and cytokine gene expression in the gut‐draining mLN are rapidly modulated in response to viral infection and are correlated with gut dysbiosis. These data suggest that the dysregulation of PRR and related cytokine expression may contribute to chronic immune activation in SIV infection.
One-step production of darunavir solid dispersion nanoparticles coated with enteric polymers using electrospraying
Authors: Nguyen Duong Nhat , Palangetic Ljiljana , Clasen Christian , Van den Mooter Guy 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this work was to investigate the feasibility of producing darunavir (DRV) solid dispersion nanoparticles coated with an enteric polymer in one single step using electrospraying.

Methods
The core-shell nanoparticles were made using coaxial electrospraying. A solution of DRV with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose in a mixture of organic solvents formed the core, while the shell was produced from an enteric polymer (Eudragit L100) dissolved in an organic solvent. The final particles were evaluated in terms of morphology, physical state, encapsulation efficiency and in-vitro dissolution.

Key findings
Nanoparticles of encapsulated DRV solid dispersions within Eudragit L100 were successfully prepared with high encapsulation efficiency (90%). The enteric coating layer reduced the percentage of DRV release in acidic medium in the in-vitro dissolution test to less than 20%.

Conclusions
This study showed the potential of coaxial electrospraying for encapsulating solid dispersions within core-shell structured nanoparticles.
Melatonin: an ancient molecule that makes oxygen metabolically tolerable
Authors: Manchester Lucien C. , Coto‐Montes Ana , Boga Jose Antonio , Andersen Lars Peter H. , Zhou Zhou , Galano Annia , Vriend Jerry , Tan Dun‐Xian , Reiter Russel J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractMelatonin is remarkably functionally diverse with actions as a free radical scavenger and antioxidant, circadian rhythm regulator, anti‐inflammatory and immunoregulating molecule, and as an oncostatic agent. We hypothesize that the initial and primary function of melatonin in photosynthetic cyanobacteria, which appeared on Earth 3.5–3.2 billion years ago, was as an antioxidant. The evolution of melatonin as an antioxidant by this organism was necessary as photosynthesis is associated with the generation of toxic‐free radicals. The other secondary functions of melatonin came about much later in evolution. We also surmise that mitochondria and chloroplasts may be primary sites of melatonin synthesis in all eukaryotic cells that possess these organelles. This prediction is made on the basis that mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotes developed from purple nonsulfur bacteria (which also produce melatonin) and cyanobacteria when they were engulfed by early eukaryotes. Thus, we speculate that the melatonin‐synthesizing actions of the engulfed bacteria were retained when these organelles became mitochondria and chloroplasts, respectively. That mitochondria are likely sites of melatonin formation is supported by the observation that this organelle contains high levels of melatonin that are not impacted by blood melatonin concentrations. Melatonin has a remarkable array of means by which it thwarts oxidative damage. It, as well as its metabolites, is differentially effective in scavenging a variety of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species. Moreover, melatonin and its metabolites modulate a large number of antioxidative and pro‐oxidative enzymes, leading to a reduction in oxidative damage. The actions of melatonin on radical metabolizing/producing enzymes may be mediated by the Keap1‐Nrf2‐ARE pathway. Beyond its direct free radical scavenging and indirect antioxidant effects, melatonin has a variety of physiological and metabolic advantages that may enhance its ability to limit oxidative stress.