bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between maximum principle and dynamic programming principle for stochastic recursive optimal control problems of jump diffusions
Authors: Shi Jingtao 
Published: November 2012

SUMMARYThis paper is concerned with the relationship between maximum principle and dynamic programming principle for stochastic recursive optimal control problems of jump diffusions. Under the assumption that the value function is smooth, relations among the adjoint processes, the generalized Hamiltonian function, and the value function are given. A linear quadratic recursive utility portfolio optimization problem in the financial market is discussed to show the applications of the main result. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Facile and Clean Release of Vertical Si Nanowires by Wet Chemical Etching Based on Alkali Hydroxides
Authors: Yoon Sung‐Soo , Khang Dahl‐Young 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA simple method to release Si nanowires (SiNWs) from a substrate, with their original length almost intact, is demonstrated. By exploiting the unique chemistry involved for the fabrication of vertical arrays of SiNWs in metal‐assisted chemical etching (MaCE) based either on HF/AgNO3 or HF/H2O2 chemistries, wet etching with alkali hydroxides such as NaOH or KOH preferentially attacks the bottom part of the vertical SiNWs. A protective layer of Si oxide is found to exist on the outer wall of the SiNWs and to play the key role of etch mask during the release‐etching by alkali hydroxides. The clean release of SiNWs also enables the repeated use of the Si substrate for the fabrication of vertical SiNW arrays by MaCE. The released SiNWs are further used for the fabrication of field‐effect transistors on a flexible plastic substrate. The method developed here, when combined with a suitable assembling technique, can be very useful in implementing flexible electronics, or in the fabrication of SiNW composites with other functional materials.
NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation Induced by Engineered Nanomaterials
Authors: Sun Bingbing , Wang Xiang , Ji Zhaoxia , Li Ruibin , Xia Tian 
Published: November 2012

AbstractEngineered nanomaterials (ENMs) continue to attract significant attention because they have novel physicochemical properties that can improve the functions of products that will benefit human lives. However, the physicochemical properties that make ENMs attractive could interact with biological systems and induce cascades of events that cause toxicological effects. Recently, there have been more studies suggesting inflammasome activation may play an important role in ENM‐induced biological responses. Inflammasomes are a family of multiprotein complexes that are increasingly recognized as major mediators of the host immune system. Among these, NLRP3 inflammasome is the most studied that could directly interact with ENMs to generate inflammatory responses. In this review, the ENM physicochemical properties are linked to NLRP3 inflammasome activation. An understanding of the mechanisms of ENM–NLRP3 inflammasome interactions will provide us with strategies for safer nanomaterial design and therapy.
Characterizing the Lateral Friction of Nanoparticles on On‐Chip Integrated Black Lipid Membranes
Authors: Chen Tianhong , Reinhard Björn M. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe use of nanoparticles (NPs) in biomedical applications creates a need for appropriate model systems to systematically investigate NP–membrane interactions under well‐defined conditions. Black lipid membranes (BLMs) are free‐floating membranes with defined composition that are ideally suited for characterizing NP–membrane interactions free of any potential perturbation through a supporting substrate. Herein, arrays of microfabricated BLMs are integrated into a chip‐based platform that is compatible with high‐speed optical NP tracking. This system is used to investigate the lateral diffusion of 40 nm gold spheres tethered to biotinylated lipids through antibody‐functionalized ligands (single‐stranded DNA or polyethylene glycol). Although the NPs show an almost free and ergodic diffusion, their lateral motion is subject to substantial drag at the membrane surface, which leads to systematically smaller diffusion coefficients than those obtained for lipids in the membrane through fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. The lateral mobility of the NPs is influenced by the chemical composition and salt concentration at the NP‐membrane interface, but is independent of the ligand density in the membrane. Together with the observation that nanoprisms, which have a larger relative contact area with the membrane than spherical NPs, show an even slower diffusion, these findings indicate that the lateral mobility of NPs tethered in close vicinity to a membrane is significantly reduced by the friction at the NP‐membrane interface.
Zebrafish High‐Throughput Screening to Study the Impact of Dissolvable Metal Oxide Nanoparticles on the Hatching Enzyme, ZHE1
Authors: Lin Sijie , Zhao Yan , Ji Zhaoxia , Ear Jason , Chang Chong Hyun , Zhang Haiyuan , Low‐Kam Cecile , Yamada Kristin , Meng Huan , Wang Xiang , Liu Rong , Pokhrel Suman , Mädler Lutz , Damoiseaux Robert , Xia Tian , Godwin Hilary A. , Lin Shuo , Nel André E. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe zebrafish is emerging as a model organism for the safety assessment and hazard ranking of engineered nanomaterials. In this Communication, the implementation of a roboticized high‐throughput screening (HTS) platform with automated image analysis is demonstrated to assess the impact of dissolvable oxide nanoparticles on embryo hatching. It is further demonstrated that this hatching interference is mechanistically linked to an effect on the metalloprotease, ZHE 1, which is responsible for degradation of the chorionic membrane. The data indicate that 4 of 24 metal oxide nanoparticles (CuO, ZnO, Cr2O3, and NiO) could interfere with embryo hatching by a chelator‐sensitive mechanism that involves ligation of critical histidines in the ZHE1 center by the shed metal ions. A recombinant ZHE1 enzymatic assay is established to demonstrate that the dialysates from the same materials responsible for hatching interference also inhibit ZHE1 activity in a dose‐dependent fashion. A peptide‐based BLAST search identifies several additional aquatic species that express enzymes with homologous histidine‐based catalytic centers, suggesting that the ZHE1 mechanistic paradigm could be used to predict the toxicity of a large number of oxide nanoparticles that pose a hazard to aquatic species.
Indirect pump: unique presentation of a monochorionic–triamniotic triplet gestation complicated by TRAP sequence and successfully managed with radiofrequency ablation of the acardiac fetus
Authors: Argoti P. S. , Bebbington M. W. , Johnson A. , Moise K. J. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTTwin reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) sequence is a rare complication of multiple gestations. Only a few cases of TRAP sequence in monochorionic triplets have been reported. Here we report a case of TRAP sequence in a monochorionic–triamniotic triplet gestation treated with radiofrequency ablation of the acardiac fetus. The response to the radiofrequency ablation procedure and subsequent examination of the placenta support the hypothesis of an ‘indirect’ pump triplet. Copyright © 2013 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Myrmecophilous aphids produce cuticular hydrocarbons that resemble those of their tending ants
Authors: Endo Shintaro , Itino Takao 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAphid‐tending ants protect aphids from natural enemies and collect honeydew secreted by the aphids. However, ants also often prey on the aphids they attend. Aphids, therefore, like social parasites of ants, may well have evolved chemical mimicry as an anti‐predation strategy. In this study, we aimed to determine whether the aphid Stomaphis yanonis actively produces cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) that resemble those of the tending ant Lasius fuji. In the wild, ants put their CHCs on the aphids that they are tending, so in this study we analyzed “ant‐free” aphids. Mature aphids that exuviated in the absence of ant attendance had almost all of the hydrocarbon components that the ants’ CHCs had. Moreover, hydrocarbons artificially applied to the aphids’ body surface were lost by exuviation. Taken together, these findings indicate that mature aphids actively produced ant‐like CHCs, and they constitute the first documentation of a chemical resemblance between aphids and ants in a specific aphid–ant association.
Edge effects in recruitment of trees, and relationship to seed dispersal patterns, in cleared strips in the Peruvian Amazon
Authors: Gorchov David L. , Rondon Xanic J. , Cornejo Fernando , Schaefer Robert L. , Janosko Julia M. , Slutz Greg 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe investigated the spatial pattern of tree recruitment 15 years after clear‐cutting in two logged strips in the Peruvian Amazon, focusing on differences between seed dispersal modes and cohorts, and relating these to spatial patterns of seed dispersal in the years immediately following clearing. Most trees that recruited in logged strips belonged to taxa dispersed by birds or nonvolant mammals, with smaller numbers dispersed by bats or wind. Seed dispersal patterns differed, with few mammal‐dispersed seeds reaching strips, bird‐dispersed seeds more abundant near the forest edge than strip centers, and bat‐ and wind‐dispersed seeds more evenly distributed. However, this pattern was not reflected in the tree recruits, except in the deferment cut half of strip 2. Different dispersal modes were differentially represented in different cohorts; for example, in strip 1 bird‐dispersed trees predominated in early cohorts, while trees dispersed by nonvolant mammals predominated in later cohorts. Our finding that trees dispersed by mammals (which disperse the majority of commercial trees in Amazonia) successfully regenerate from seed in the interior of logged strips highlights the value of maintaining these animals in forest management systems.
Analysis of CLA Isomer Distribution in Nutritional Supplements by Single Column Silver‐Ion HPLC
Authors: Cossignani L. , Giua L. , Lombardi G. , Simonetti M. S. , Damiani P. , Blasi F. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractNutritional supplements containing conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers, widely used to improve body composition and inhibit fat storage, should be thoroughly analyzed, as CLA effects are isomer specific. In this research, an improvement of silver‐ion high performance liquid chromatography (Ag+‐HPLC) was obtained by using a single‐column instead of the most commonly used multi‐columns. To develop the procedure, a standard CLA mixture has been derivatized with different chain length alcohols (from methanol to hexanol). Hexyl CLA showed better separation between CLA isomer pairs, in particular the resolution of the t10,c12: c9,t11 pair increased from 0.3 (methyl esters) to 0.8 (hexyl esters). Therefore, the CLA isomer composition of some commercial CLA products was determined by Ag+‐HPLC analysis of hexyl esters. The main isomers in all supplements turned out to be c9,t11‐CLA and t10,c12‐CLA, the most anti‐adipogenic isomer. t8,c10‐ and c11,t13‐CLA were not detected. The nutritional supplements were also analyzed by high resolution gas chromatography of methyl esters to evaluate the fatty acid % composition and total CLA % content. The total CLA ranged from 79.4 to 94.4 %, and the t,t isomer from 1.4 to 7.3 %.
Simplex‐Centroid Mixture Design Applied to the Aqueous Enzymatic Extraction of Fatty Acid‐Balanced Oil from Mixed Seeds
Authors: Li Yang , Zhang Yan , Wang Mei , Jiang Lianzhou , Sui Xiaonan 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA one‐step method was developed to extract oil from a mixture of soybeans, peanuts, linseeds, and tea seeds using an aqueous enzymatic method. The proportion of the four seeds was targeted in accordance with a fatty acid ratio of 0.27 (SFA, saturated fatty acid(s)): 1 (MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acid(s)): 1 (PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acid(s)), and the oil extraction yield was maximized by applying the simplex‐centroid mixture design method. Three models were developed for describing the relationship between the proportion of the individual seeds in the mixture, the fatty acid ratio in the extracted oil, and the oil extraction yield, respectively. The developed models were then analyzed using an ANOVA and were found to fit the data quite well, with R2 values of 0.98, 0.93, and 0.93, respectively. The three models were validated experimentally. The results indicated that the ratio of fatty acids in the oil ranged between 0.98 and 1.12 (MUFA:PUFA) and between 0.26 and 0.28 (SFA:MUFA), which were quite close to the target values of 1 and 0.27, respectively. The oil extraction yield of 62.13 % was slightly higher than the predicted value (60.32 %).
Portuguese text generation using factored language models
Authors: de Novais Eder Miranda , Paraboni Ivandré 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
As in many other natural language processing (NLP) fields, the use of statistical methods is now part of mainstream natural language generation (NLG). In the development of systems of this kind, however, there is the issue of data sparseness, a problem that is particularly evident in the case of morphologically-rich languages such as Portuguese. This work presents a shallow surface realisation system that makes use of factored language models (FLMs) of Portuguese to overcome some of these difficulties. The system combines FLMs trained on a large corpus with a number of NLP resources that have been made publicly available by the Brazilian NLP research community in recent years, such as corpora, dictionaries, thesauri and others. Our FLM-based approach to surface realisation has been successfully applied to the generation of Brazilian newspapers headlines, and the results are shown to outperform a number of statistical and non-statistical baseline systems alike.
Moderating effect of schizotypy on the relationship between smoking and neurocognition
Authors: Hori H. , Matsuo J. , Teraishi T. , Sasayama D. , Kawamoto Y. , Kinoshita Y. , Ota M. , Hattori K. , Kunugi H. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPurposeSmoking rates in schizotypic individuals are shown to be elevated, as in patients with schizophrenia, although findings on the association of smoking with different symptomatology of schizotypy have been mixed. Moreover, possible moderating effects of schizotypy on the relationship between smoking and cognition have not been well documented.Subjects and methodsThe Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) and the full version of the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) were administered to 501 healthy adults. Subjects were divided into smokers (n = 85) and non-smokers (n = 416) based on the presence/absence of current smoking.ResultsThe analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) on the three factor scores as well as the total score of the SPQ, controlling for age and gender, revealed that cognitive-perceptual factor was significantly associated with an increased rate of smoking (P = 0.048). The ANCOVA on the WMS-R indices, with smoking group as a fixed factor and age, gender and total SPQ score as covariates, revealed that the schizotypy-by-smoking interaction was significant for attention/working memory (P = 0.029).Discussion and conclusionPositive schizotypy may be associated with more smoking. Schizotypy and smoking could interact with each other to negatively affect attention/working memory.
Running‐induced epigenetic and gene expression changes in the adolescent brain
Authors: Abel Jean LeBeau , Rissman Emilie F. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPhysical exercise is associated with positive neural functioning. Here we examined the gene expression consequences of 1 week of voluntary wheel running in adolescent male mice. We assayed expression levels of genes associated with synaptic plasticity, signaling pathways, and epigenetic modifying enzymes. Two regions were examined: the hippocampus, which is typically examined in exercise studies, and the cerebellum, an area directly involved in motor control and learning. After 1 week of exercise, global acetylation of histone 3 was increased in both brain regions. Interestingly this was correlated with increased brain derived neural growth factor in the hippocampus, as noted in many other studies, but only a trend was found in cerebellum. Differences and similarities between the two areas were noted for genes encoding functional proteins.In contrast, the expression pattern of DNA methyltransferases (Dnmts) and histone deacetylases (Hdacs), genes that influence DNA methylation and histone modifications in general, decreased in both regions with exercise. We hypothesize that epigenetic mechanisms, involving many of the genes assessed here, are essential for the positive affects of exercise on behavior and suspect these data have relevance for adolescent boys.
Long‐term anticholinergic use and the aging brain
Authors: Cai Xueya , Campbell Noll , Khan Babar , Callahan Christopher , Boustani Malaz 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundOlder Americans are facing an epidemic of chronic diseases and are thus exposed to anticholinergics (ACs) that might negatively affect their risk of developing mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between impairment in cognitive function and previous AC exposure.DesignA retrospective cohort study.SettingPrimary care clinics in Indianapolis, Indiana.ParticipantsA total of 3690 older adults who have undergone cognitive assessment and had a 1‐year medication‐dispensing record.OutcomeCognitive function was measured in two sequential steps: a two‐step screening process followed by a formal diagnostic process for participants with positive screening results.ExposureThree patterns of AC exposure were defined by the duration of AC exposure, the number of AC medications dispensed at the same time, and the severity of AC effects as determined by the Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden list.ResultsCompared with older adults with no AC exposure and after adjusting for age, race, gender, and underlying comorbidity, the odds ratio for having a diagnosis of MCI was 2.73 (95% confidence interval, 1.27–5.87) among older adults who were exposed to at least three possible ACs for at least 90 days; the odds ratio for having dementia was 0.43 (95% confidence interval, 0.10–1.81).ConclusionExposure to medications with severe AC cognitive burden may be a risk factor for developing MCI.
Late Pleistocene vegetation change in Korea and its possible link to East Asian monsoon and Dansgaard–Oeschger (D–O) cycles
Authors: Lim Jaesoo , Kim Ju-Yong , Kim Seon-Ju , Lee Jin-Young , Hong Sei-Sun 
Published: November 2012

AbstractLate Pleistocene carbon isotope (δ13C) records from a paleolithic sedimentary sequence collected from Baeki, Hongcheon, central Korea, show long-term changes with superimposed short-term isotopic excursions. The δ13C value of the sedimentary organic matter, a proxy for past vegetation change, varied from − 26‰ to − 23‰ for the period between 30 and 90 ka, with a long-term variation similar to insolation changes. High-amplitude (− 1‰ to approximately − 1.5‰) fluctuations superimposed on the long-term changes in the δ13C values decreased during stronger summer monsoon intervals but increased during the weakened summer monsoon. This millennial-scale pattern is generally similar to Greenland Dansgaard–Oeschger (D–O) cycles. The possible connection between the Hongcheon area, Korea and high latitudes may be explained by atmospheric circulation changing in response to the D–O oscillations in the Northern Hemisphere.
Is omniscience impossible?
Authors: PEELS RIK 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn a recent paper, Dennis Whitcomb argues that omniscience is impossible. But if there cannot be any omniscient beings, then God, at least as traditionally conceived, does not exist. The objection is, roughly, that the thesis that there is an omniscient being, in conjunction with some principles about grounding, such as its transitivity and irreflexivity, entails a contradiction. Since each of these principles is highly plausible, divine omniscience has to go. In this article, I argue that Whitcomb's argument, if sound, has several unacceptable consequences. Among others, it implies that nobody knows that someone has knowledge, that, for most of us, all of our beliefs are false, and that there are no truths. This reductio all by itself provides sufficient reason to reject the argument. However, I also provide a diagnosis of where precisely the argument goes wrong. I argue that Whitcomb's crucial notion of grounding actually covers two distinct relations and that the principle of transitivity is true only for cases in which one of these relations holds rather than both of them.
Seasonal changes of foraging habitats and prey species in the Japanese Crested Ibis Nipponia nippon reintroduced on Sado Island, Japan
Authors: ENDO CHIHIRO , NAGATA HISASHI 
Published: November 2012

SummarySeasonal foraging habitats, prey species and foraging frequency of Japanese Crested Ibis Nipponia nippon in farmland were studied one year after its reintroduction on Sado Island, Japan. Paddies were the main foraging habitat in spring, early summer, autumn and winter. In late summer, ibises often used levees around paddies, grasslands, uncropped paddies and abandoned paddies. Small invertebrates were important prey components in terms of frequency (70–90%) throughout the year. Ibises took Misgurnus loaches (less than 20% of prey captured) throughout the year; the capture rate of loaches in ditches was especially high in winter. Ibises depended on terrestrial invertebrates, including earthworms, particularly in late summer. No clear correlations between the rate of capture for each prey species and the proportion of habitat use in each season were detected. However, abandoned and uncropped paddies provided suitable habitats for the ibis because human disturbance was relatively low and the rate of capture for each prey type was relatively high throughout the year. Management of grass height in grasslands and on levees around the paddies will be effective in ensuring the availability of foraging habitats in late summer. Seasonal changes in the availability of foraging habitats in farmland ecosystems should be considered when designing effective management strategies for the establishment of Japanese Crested Ibis populations.
Psychopathology and adversities from early- to late-adolescence: a general population follow-up study with the CBCL DSM-Oriented Scales
Authors: Nobile M. , Colombo P. , Bellina M. , Molteni M. , Simone D. , Nardocci F. , Carlet O. , Battaglia M. 
Published: November 2012

Aims.Adolescence is a critical transition phase between childhood and adulthood, when the burden of mental disorder may still be prevented. The aim of this study was to evaluate the continuity and discontinuity of behavioural problems in adolescence while taking into account the multiple co-variation of psychopathological traits and the complex role of recent stressful life events (SLEs).Methods.This is a 5-year follow-up investigation of emotional and behavioural problems assessed by the newly developed Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) DSM-Oriented Scales (DOSs) in 420 general population subjects aged 15–19 years.Results.The DOSs showed good stability, even when multiple co-variation was taken into account. Longitudinal data showed that homotypic evolution of psychopathology was to be expected in the first place. Equifinality and multifinality were also found. Oppositional Defiant Problems emerged to be polyvalent predictors of both internalizing and externalizing problems. Furthermore, Oppositional Defiant Problems predicted more SLEs, which in turn predicted more Depression, Anxiety and Oppositional Defiant Problems. Mediational analyses confirmed the role of SLEs in partially accounting for the continuity of Oppositional Defiant Problems and for the heterotypic progression towards Affective Problems.Conclusions.These data underscore early adolescence behavioural problems as an important focus for primary and secondary intervention.