bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Famille, culture et handicap
Authors: Vaginay Denis , Warnier Jean-Pierre , Yaméogo Désiré 
Published: December 2014

La différence liée au handicap provoque chez toute personne qui s’y trouve confrontée un malaise qui nécessite un travail psychique particulier visant à la faire disparaitre, à la réduire ou à lui donner sens, notamment dans le domaine de la transmission intergénérationnelle. Cette différence induit une dissymétrie relationnelle disproportionnée qui dure souvent au-delà du nécessaire, en maintenant la personne handicapée en position infantile, position confondue avec son état de dépendance. Ainsi, le cadre dans lequel se situent les interactions des transmetteurs non handicapés avec le récepteur handicapé présente des conditions perturbées quant aux références œdipiennes et aux modalités d’intégration de la castration, traçant la voie aux indentifications possibles, et indiquant, plus ou moins fortement, celles qui sont déconseillées ou interdites. La dette symbolique dont est traditionnellement chargé l’enfant au cours du processus de transmission (ses parents, associés à leur génération, lui ont donné la vie et la parole, c’est-à-dire l’accès au Symbolique) s’en trouve modifiée, au point, parfois, d’être écrasante pour l’enfant ou l’adulte handicapé, surtout lorsqu’on voudrait l’en exonérer, ou détournée à d’autres fins. Le travail psychique, la manière d’appréhender la dette, les options identitaires possibles s’inscrivent dans des productions culturelles plus ou moins prédéfinies et contraintes. C’est ce que les trois auteurs, psychologues ou ethnologue, tentent de préciser en comparant trois sociétés qui diffèrent par la manière dont elles s’appuient sur le Symbolique. Dans la première, celui-ci est très prégnant, dans la dernière, la nôtre, il est fortement dévalué, dans la deuxième, il perdure dans les traditions tout en étant attaqué par un désir de réduire l’allégeance à la loi du père. Nous verrons comment les personnes handicapées sont, dans chacune de ces sociétés, aux prises avec la dette.
Famille, culture et handicap
Authors: Hoffet-Gachelin Marie-Ève 
Published: December 2014

Dans le versant bouddhique de la culture vietnamienne, le karma est un outil précieux encore en vigueur pour aider les familles dont un membre est soit malade, soit handicapé. Une conception des souffrances familiales est partagée par beaucoup de cultures et se retrouve dans les pratiques : il s’agit de déplacer le sentiment de culpabilité sur l’extérieur, c’est-à-dire de déculpabiliser totalement le malade et sa famille. Ils peuvent alors l’un et l’autre accepter de prendre leur vie en main et de participer activement aux rituels de soins. Dans le karma, cette culpabilité est déplacée sur la lignée familiale : par ses actions passées, un ancêtre à fait souffrir d’autres membres de la famille. Celui qui est malade ou handicapé accepte de porter cette souffrance. Toute la famille a la mission d’en rechercher la cause pour réparer par des prières et des offrandes les souffrances subies par les victimes. La souffrance s’apaise, le malade s’améliore, le handicapé trouve une place dans sa famille. À travers deux récits d’enfants autistes dont les soins associent les pratiques traditionnelles et les méthodes occidentales, nous pouvons voir à l’œuvre l’apport thérapeutique de ce concept qui d’une certaine façon ne nous est pas totalement étranger.
Jouer, classer, comprendre : défendre l'œuvre d'orgue de Boëly aujourd'hui
Authors: Lebrun Éric 
Published: December 2014

L’œuvre de Boëly pose à l’interprète moderne de nombreux problèmes : Choix des instruments : lequel choisir : piano, piano à claviers de pédales, piano à trois mains, orgue (mais quel orgue ?), orgue expressif (de quoi s’agit-il ?). Choix d’interprétation : faut-il jouer strictement legato certaines pages polyphoniques et plus articulées d’autres morceaux inspirées par le piano ou le clavecin ? Quels tempi choisir ? Comment envisager les adaptations pour orgue pensées d’abord pour le quatuor ou le piano ? Classer : l’ œuvre de Boëly a été publiée en grande partie à titre posthume et dans un ordre aléatoire. Une part importante est restée manuscrite. Il incombe à l’exécutant d’élaborer un classement cohérent, spécialement des pièces à inspiration liturgique. Ces dernières sont conçues pour être alternées avec des mélodies de plain-chant dont l’origine ne nous est pas toujours familière (rituel parisien). Comprendre : Ce compositeur occupe une place particulière dans le paysage organistique du xix e siècle. Il convient de relire son œuvre en la situant à sa juste place, bien avant les premières grandes pièces de César Franck et de Saint-Saëns. Défendre cette musique magnifique et plurielle (plus de 600 pièces pour clavier d’une grande variété stylistique) exige une parfaite connaissance des sources et de l’environnement musical de Boëly, mais surtout une véritable conviction, un attachement personnel à ce compositeur.
Competence Development Among Nurses: The Process of Constant Interaction
Authors: Tabari-Khomeiran Rasoul , Kiger Alice , Parsa-Yekta Zohre , Ahmadi Fazlollah 
Published: December 2014

Background:
The importance of competence to nursing practice was the motivation for this study, which explored nurses’ experience in developing their competence as they progress through their careers.

Methods:
In accordance with grounded theory method, data collection and data analysis were performed simultaneously using the constant comparative method.

Results:
Data revealed that nurses developed competence through an iterative process called “the process of constant interaction.” This five-stage process was found to be a complex, ongoing interpersonal dynamic between the nurse and the surrounding world.

Conclusions:
Although the nurse is the key player in the process of his or her own competence development, employers have a pivotal responsibility in facilitating the nurse’s progress toward ongoing professional competence, which is a key element of the quality of care.
Mechanisms of Jak/STAT Signaling in Immunity and Disease
Authors: Villarino Alejandro V. , Kanno Yuka , Ferdinand John R. , O’Shea John J. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
More than two decades ago, experiments on the antiviral mechanisms of IFNs led to the discovery of JAKs and their downstream effectors, the STAT proteins. This pathway has since become a paradigm for membrane-to-nucleus signaling and explains how a broad range of soluble factors, including cytokines and hormones, mediate their diverse functions. Jak/STAT research has not only impacted basic science, particularly in the context of intercellular communication and cell-extrinsic control of gene expression, it also has become a prototype for transition from bench to bedside, culminating in the development and clinical implementation of pathway-specific therapeutics. This brief review synthesizes our current understanding of Jak/STAT biology while taking stock of the lessons learned and the challenges that lie ahead.
Genetic polymorphisms associated with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine drug resistance among Plasmodium falciparum field isolates in malaria endemic areas of Assam
Authors: Sharma J , Dutta P , Khan SA , Soni M , Dey D , Mahanta J 
Published: December 2014

Background:
The emergence of antimalarial drug resistance malaria parasite is widespread in North eastern region of India. During January 2012-December 2013, we conducted active surveillance for detection of antifolate resistance-associated genetic polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasite from different malaria endemic areas of Assam.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 281 field samples were collected from suspected malaria patients of which 106 malaria P. falciparum positive cases were detected in microscopic slide examination. A nested PCR was done for amplification of a 648 bp portion of the dhfr gene and 710 bp portion of the dhps gene.

Results:
Mutation analysis revealed existence of three different haplotypes of the P. falciparum dhfr gene of which ANRNI was highly prevalent (90%). Triple mutant haplotypes AIRNI (N51I + C59R + S108N) of the dhfr gene associated with pyrimethamine resistance were prevalent in Chirang district of Assam. Whereas, dhps mutation study revealed that triple mutant haplotype AGEAA (S436A + A437G + K540E) associated with Sulphadoxine resistance was found among 26% of P. falciparum field isolates. However, P. falciparum dhfr-dhps two locus mutation analysis showed that there were a total of nine dhfr-dhps genotypes.

Conclusion:
It was noticed that 93.62% (88/94) isolates had mutations in the sequences of both enzymes, which is an indication of prevalence of high grade of Sulphadoxine - pyrimethamine resistance in P. falciparum malaria parasites in Assam.
Clinical Skills Assessment: The Effects of Moving Certification Requirements Into Neurology, Child Neurology, and Psychiatry Residency Training
Authors: Juul Dorthea , Brooks Beth Ann , Jozefowicz Ralph , Jibson Michael , Faulkner Larry 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Background
A few years ago, when the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology decided to phase out the patient-based oral examinations in its 3 primary specialties, requirements for assessing clinical skills during residency training were instituted.

Objective
The purpose of this report is to describe the experiences of training program directors and graduates with these new credentialing requirements (labeled CSEs) as well as other effects on the specialties.

Methods
Surveys were administered electronically in 2012 to all current neurology, child neurology, and psychiatry program directors, and to a convenience sample of graduates who applied for the 2012 certification examinations.

Results
Response rates for graduates were similar across the 3 specialties but low (28%–33%). Response rates were higher for program directors (53%–62%) and were similar across the 3 specialties. The results indicated that the CSEs were usually administered early in training, were completed toward the end, were often passed on first attempt, generally took place during routine clinical assignments, were used to assess additional competencies, almost always included feedback to the residents, and did not often lead to remediation. Furthermore, the CSEs were perceived to be useful components in the assessment of clinical skills.

Conclusions
The results obtained from the early implementation of the CSEs suggest that they provide an opportunity to assess clinical skills with the additional benefit of feedback to trainees. Other effects included eventual incorporation into training program requirements, milestones, and related faculty development and research efforts.
Chronology and Canonicity in Jocasta’s Intercessions in Statius’ Thebaid
Authors: Simms Robert C. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
This article argues that Statius manipulates constituent features of narrative in Jocasta’s efforts to forestall the conflict between Eteocles and Polynices, which creates a breach in the episode’s reception and the uncertainty necessary for suspense. Statius’ description of Jocasta’s efforts to prevent the conflict between her sons, one of many canonical action sequences in the Thebaid, invites comparison with antecedent versions found in the Lille fragments of Stesichorus as well as the Phoenissae of Euripides and Seneca. Judged against his predecessors, however, Statius’ treatment is unique because his Jocasta never stands between her sons as in Euripides and Seneca. Rather than a sheepish surrender to the productions of his predecessors, this deft occlusion of a canonical scene invalidates the anticipation of events the reader would enjoy from familiarity with the story’s plot. Moreover, in this breach of a traditional narrative sequence Statius achieves the uncertainty needed to make his revision of the events leading to the duel suspenseful and compelling.
Coagulation-floculation au sulfate d’aluminium de composés organiques phénoliques et effet de sels de calcium et de magnésium
Authors: Hecini Linda , Achour Samia 
Published: December 2014

L’objectif de la présente étude est d’observer l’efficacité de la coagulation-floculation par le sulfate d’aluminium sur l’élimination des composés organiques à fonctions phénoliques (phénol et pyrogallol). L’intérêt s’est porté plus particulièrement sur l’incidence de sels minéraux constitutifs de la dureté « calcium et magnésium » et souvent présents dans la matrice minérale des eaux algériennes.
Des essais de Jar-Test ont été réalisés sur les deux composés phénoliques dissous dans l’eau distillée seule, puis enrichie en sels minéraux. Ces essais ont été réalisés sur des solutions synthétiques d’eau distillée enrichies par les ions de calcium et de magnésium introduits sous différentes formes (CaCl2•2H2O; CaSO4•2H2O; CaCO3; MgCl2•6H2O; MgSO4•7H2O) et, enfin, avec les eaux souterraines de la région. Différents paramètres réactionnels ont été variés (ex. : l’effet du pH et l’influence de la teneur en sels) et cette approche a permis une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes d’interactions composés phénoliques / sels calciques et magnésiens.
Les résultats obtenus indiquent que l’efficacité du procédé dépend du nombre et de la position des groupements phénoliques sur les molécules. Les principaux mécanismes seraient soit une adsorption physique, soit un échange de ligand ou une complexation à la surface des flocs d’hydroxydes d’aluminium. L’ajout de sels minéraux semble améliorer les rendements d’élimination de composés phénoliques testés et avoir un effet sur la gamme optimale de pH de coagulation. Une application de ce procédé à des eaux minéralisées (eaux de forage) de la région de Biskra, située au sud-est de l’Algérie, a abouti à une amélioration des rendements comparés à ceux dans de l'eau distillée.
Seguimiento y evaluación en la UNED del sistema de prácticas de los alumnos en empresas
Authors: Ballesteros Velázquez Belén , Manzano Soto Nuria , Moriano Juan Antonio 
Published: December 2014

En este artículo se presentan las líneas básicas de trabajo iniciadas por el Centro de Orientación, Información y Empleo (COIE) de la UNED para la evaluación de uno de los ámbitos de actividad que resulta cada vez más solicitado por los alumnos: la gestión de convenios de cooperación educativa para la realización de prácticas en empresas. La necesidad de supervisar su desarrollo, establecer mecanismos de seguimiento y, en definitiva, diseñar procedimientos para su mejora, constituyen el punto de partida de esta investigación. Se presentan los resultados conseguidos en la evaluación de prácticas, tanto desde el punto de vista de las empresas como de los alumnos, que han tenido lugar en los cursos académicos 1998/99 y 1999/00, junto con las conclusiones obtenidas y medidas de mejora propuestas.
Educación y conocimiento: ¿eje de la transformación productiva con equidad? El caso de Chile
Authors: Silva-Peña Ilich , Chelme-Bustos Alexis , Salgado-Labra Isabel 
Published: December 2014

El presente artículo tiene por objetivo realizar una revisión de los resultados de políticas educativas en Chile, que han tenido como eje central el concepto de “transformación productiva con equidad”. Se establece una mirada desde los aspectos de la productividad y la distribución de ingresos en los distintos estratos socioeconómicos, realizando una comparación de los niveles educativos alcanzados de acuerdo al nivel de ingreso. Dentro de las principales conclusiones y resultados se encuentra que, si bien es cierto, la productividad ha tenido un aumento, esto no ha sido así en los aspectos de equidad, lo cual podría señalar algunos inequívocos del desarrollo educativo en Chile.
Superjunction
Authors: Napoli Ettore 
Published: December 2014

Power semiconductor devices control the energy flow in virtually every electric and electronic system. Most commonly recognized applications are: automotive, traction, consumer electronics, air conditioning, electric engines. The improvement in power devices results in improved power management circuits with increased efficiency. Reduced environmental pollution, reduced cost, reduced size, and longer battery life are only few of the advantages that derive from advancements in the design of power semiconductor devices.Dating from the invention of the tranistor, a continuous research and development activity, driven by the huge market request, provided new device concepts, advanced design techniques, and new materials that largely improved the performance of the power semiconductor devices.A big step towards the ideal device is the introduction of the SuperJunction (SJ) concept in 1997 with inherent drastic reduction of the ON state resistance and of the conduction losses for power devices. SJ is not an improvement due to the use of a new material. It is an improvement derived by an innovative design concept for the sustaining layer that, instead of exhibiting a one dimensional structure, is manufactured with a complex two or three dimensional structure. SJ design technique is therefore applicable to different power devices but requires a design approach that differs from the one used for conventional power devices.
Silicon Carbide Junction Field‐Effect Transistors (SiCJFETs)
Authors: Veliadis Victor 
Published: December 2014

Wide bandgap semiconductors like silicon carbide (SiC) are currently being developed for high‐power/high‐temperature applications. Silicon carbide (SiC) is ideally suited for power switching because of its high saturated drift velocity, its high critical field strength, its excellent thermal conductivity, and its mechanical strength. For power devices, the 10‐fold increase in critical field strength of SiC relative to Si allows high‐voltage blocking layers to be fabricated significantly thinner than those of comparable Si devices. This reduces device ON‐state resistance and the associated conduction and switching losses, while maintaining the same high‐voltage blocking capability. The specific ON‐state resistance of 4H‐SiC is approximately 400 times lower than that of Si at a given breakdown voltage. This allows for high current operation at relatively low forward voltage drop. In addition, the wide bandgap of SiC allows operation at high temperatures where conventional Si devices fail.In this article, we will review the SiC single‐implant no epitaxial regrowth vertical channel junction field‐effect transistor (JFET). The feasibility of efficient 1200 V normally OFF JFET operation will be investigated. The all‐SiC JFET‐based cascode switch will be introduced and aspects of its operation evaluated. High‐temperature direct‐current (dc) characteristics of JFETs and 1200 V normally OFF cascode switches will be discussed. Large‐area high‐current JFETs and their current sharing and switching performances will be presented. Aspects of JFET fabrication, including their edge termination, will be provided. JFET wafer yields and parameter uniformities will be presented. Hard and unclamped inductive JFET switching evaluations will be introduced. Finally, a 9‐kV JFET will be introduced and its reliability under bipolar stress will be examined.
Wireless Endoscopy
Authors: Yuce Mehmet Rasit , Alici Gursel , Than Trung Duc 
Published: December 2014

Wireless endoscopy device is a miniature medical device that travels through the digestive system to collect images or physiological data and transfers them to an external console worn by patients or to a nearby TV/computer for display and monitoring. The current commercial devices have a dimension of approximately 11 × 26 mm with the shape of a pill so as to reach areas such as the small intestine to obtain video images. These devices record and transmit images over approximately an eight hour journey through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.A video‐based capsule device produces a large amount of data from high‐resolution cameras, which is delivered over a high capacity wireless link. The commercially available capsules operate based on passive motion with no control over its position or orientation. These devices operate using small batteries with limited energy source. This article discusses implementation issues and presents details of techniques for design of wireless capsule systems. In addition, it outlines new studies involving motion control, localization and wireless energy transfer to increase the battery life of current wireless capsule devices. These new features will enable the next generation wireless capsule endoscopy devices to actively navigate within the GI tract of the human body and enable new therapeutic operations. Finally, the limitations of current devices are discussed and future directions and design challenges are highlighted for designers and researchers.
Predicting the long‐term fate of buried organic carbon in colluvial soils
Authors: Wang Zhengang , Van Oost Kristof , Govers Gerard 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA significant part of the soil organic carbon (SOC) that is eroded in uplands is deposited and buried in colluvial settings. Understanding the fate of this deposited soil organic carbon is of key importance for the understanding of the role of (accelerated) erosion in the global C cycle: the residence time of the deposited carbon will determine if, and for how long, accelerated erosion due to human disturbance will induce sequestration of SOC from the atmosphere to the soil. Experimental studies may provide useful information, but, given the time scale under consideration, the response of the colluvial SOC can only be simulated using numerical models which need careful calibration using field data. In this study, we present a depth explicit SOC model including soil profile evolution due to sedimentation to simulate the long‐term C dynamics in colluvial soils. The SOC profile predicted by our model is in good agreement with field observations. The C burial efficiency (the ratio of current C content of the buried sediments to the original C content at the time of sedimentation) of deposited sediments exponentially decreases with time and gradually reaches an equilibrium value. This equilibrium C burial efficiency is positively correlated with the sedimentation rate. The sedimentation rate is crucial for the long‐term dynamics of the deposited SOC as it controls the time that buried sediments spend at a given soil depth, thereby determining its temporal evolution of C input and decomposition rate during the burial process: C input and decomposition rate vary with depth due to the vertical variation of root distribution and soil environmental factors such as (but not limited to) humidity, temperature, and aeration. The model demonstrates that, for the profiles studied, it takes circa 300 years for the buried SOC to lose half of its C load. It would also take centuries for the SOC accumulated in colluvial soils over the past decades due to soil redistribution under mechanized agriculture to be released to the atmosphere after the application of soil conservation measures such as conservation tillage.