bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Homonuclear Metal String Complexes to Heteronuclear Metal String Complexes
Authors: Hua Shao‐An , Cheng Ming‐Chuan , Chen Chun‐hsien , Peng Shie‐Ming 
Published: May 2015

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Shie‐Ming Peng at the National Taiwan University in Taipei, Taiwan. The cover image shows a “vending machine” that generates heteronuclear metal string complexes. By inserting coins, representing suitable ligands, into the machine and selecting the desired combination of buttons, representing the metal ions, tailored complexes can be prepared! These chain‐like complexes offer an excellent electron‐transporting platform with potential applications as functional molecular wires.
One‐Pot Copper‐Catalysed Thioetherification of Aryl Halides Using Alcohols and Lawesson's Reagent in Diglyme
Authors: Gholinejad Mohammad 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA new protocol for the thioetherification of structurally varied alcohols with aryl halides using Lawesson's reagent, catalysed by copper(I) iodide, and using diglyme as a safe solvent was developed. Using this method, the reactions of aryl halides proceeded efficiently, and the desired sulfides were obtained in high to excellent yields. The method uses alcohols as starting materials, which is a significant advantage over methods that start from thiols. Alcohols are widely commercially available in a much greater structural diversity than thiols, and they are also nontoxic and not foul‐smelling. A reaction mechanism was proposed.
The Nugent Reagent: A Formidable Tool in Contemporary Radical and Organometallic Chemistry
Authors: Rosales Antonio , Rodríguez‐García Ignacio , Muñoz‐Bascón Juan , Roldan‐Molina Esther , Padial Natalia M. , Morales Laura Pozo , García‐Ocaña Marta , Oltra J. Enrique 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe vast range of reactions mediated by titanocene monochloride (Cp2TiCl, the Nugent reagent) in organic synthetic chemistry is reviewed. The power of the Nugent reagent in organic chemistry is demonstrated by its ability to promote and/or catalyse several efficient transformations under mild reaction conditions in the presence of several functional groups, in an environmentally friendly manner and with use of simple experimental procedures.
A Practical Synthesis of Rosuvastatin and Other Statin Intermediates
Authors: Tartaggia Stefano , Ferrari Clark , Pontini Marta , De Lucchi Ottorino 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe efficient aldol condensation between a derivative of methyl 3‐hydroxy‐5‐oxohexanoate and a pyrimidinecarbaldehyde comprising the core structure of rosuvastatin has been developed as an alternative approach to the classical methods employing ylides for the synthesis of rosuvastatin. The formation of a double bond connecting the aromatic part with the side chain of the statin was effectively promoted by using a strong Lewis acid which provided the optimum result in combination with a tertiary amine. The method was also successfully applied to the synthesis of pitavastatin.
A Cascade Approach to Naphthalene Derivatives from o‐Alkynylbenzaldehydes and Enolizable Ketones via in‐situ‐Formed Acetals
Authors: Manojveer Seetharaman , Balamurugan Rengarajan 
Published: May 2015

AbstractUsing the in‐situ‐formed acetal strategy, a facile approach has been developed to synthesize naphthalene derivatives from o‐alkynylbenzaldehydes and enolizable ketones. In situ acetal formation assists the condensation between o‐alkynylbenzaldehydes and enolizable ketones to give chalcone derivatives under Brønsted acidic conditions. In situ acetal formation facilitates the reaction by increasing the electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon of the o‐alkynylaldehyde through oxonium ion formation, and also by enhancing the nucleophilicity of the α carbon of the ketone through the formation of an enol ether. The formed chalcones undergo trans to cis isomerization to effect alkyne–carbonyl metathesis to give naphthalene derivatives.
Pricing S&P 500 Index Options: A Conditional Semi‐Nonparametric Approach
Authors: Guidolin Massimo , Hansen Erwin 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe price S&P 500 index options under the assumption that the conditional risk‐neutral density function of the index follows a Semi‐Nonparametric (SNP) process with GARCH variance. The model is estimated combining a set of option contracts written on the index and the daily index return time series in the period 1996–2011. The in‐sample and out‐sample performance of the model is compared with several benchmark models, beating most of them. We conclude that a pricing model dealing simultaneously with non‐normalities and time‐varying volatility helps to mitigate the observed S&P 500 index option biases. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 36:217–239, 2016
A Novel Tetranuclear Organotin(IV) Carboxylate with Chain Structure: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Characterizations
Authors: Sougoule Aboubacar Sidiki , Abdoul balde Cheick , Keita Namory , Xiao Xiao , Han Xiao , Liang Jingwen , Zhu Dongsheng 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTA new tetranuclear organotin carboxylate {[(n‐Bu2SnO)2L]2}n (complex 1) was synthesized by the reaction of di‐n‐butyltin oxide with (p‐carboxymethoxy‐phenoxy) acetic acid (LH2) and characterized by elemental analyses: IR, UV–visible, 1H, 13C, 119Sn NMR spectroscopy and single crystal X‐ray study. X‐ray crystallography diffraction data revealed that the complex 1 was polymeric fashion with a chain structure containing a ladder‐like tetranuclear organo‐oxotin cluster. In the complex 1, the ligand LH2 is coordinated to the central tin(IV) atoms via the carboxylato‐O atoms. The tetranuclear tin system is formed by the bridges through the carbonyl oxygen atom of the carboxylate moieties and making the tin atom of pentacoordinated in distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry. Single crystal X‐ray data indicate that the complex 1 crystallized in the cubic system with the space group C2/c.
Nuclear Localization Signal and p53 Binding Site in MAP/ERK Kinase Kinase 1 (MEKK1)
Authors: Chipps Elizabeth , Protzman April , Muhi M. Zubayed , Ando Shoko , Calvet James P. , Islam M. Rafiq 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTPreviously, we showed that Mekk1 translocates to the nucleus, interacts with tumor suppressor protein p53, and co‐represses PKD1 transcription via an atypical p53 binding site on the minimal PKD1 promoter (JBC 285:38,818–38,831, 2010). In this study, we report the mechanisms of Mekk1 nuclear transport and p53 binding. Using GFP‐linked constitutively active‐Mekk1 (CA‐Mekk1) and a deletion strategy, we identified a nuclear localization signal (HRDVK) located at amino acid (aa) residues 1,349–1,353 in the C‐terminal Mekk1 catalytic domain. Deletion of this sequence in CA‐Mekk1 and full‐length Mekk1 significantly reduced their nuclear translocation in both HEK293T and COS‐1 cells. Using co‐immunoprecipitation, we identified an adjacent sequence (GANLID, aa 1,354–1,360) in Mekk1 responsible for p53 binding. Deletion of this sequence markedly reduced the interaction of Mekk1 with p53. Mekk1 does not appear to affect phosphorylation of Ser15, located in the Mdm2 interaction site, or other Ser residues in p53. However, Mekk1 mediates p53 protein stability in the presence of Mdm2 and reduces p53 ubiquitination, suggesting an interference with Mdm2‐mediated degradation of p53 by the ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 2903–2914, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Oxygen Sensitivity of Placental Trophoblast Connexins 43 and 46: A Role in Preeclampsia?
Authors: Otto Teresa , Gellhaus Alexandra , Lüschen Navina , Scheidler Jan , Bendix Ivo , Dunk Caroline , Wolf Nadine , Lennartz Klaus , Köninger Angela , Schmidt Markus , Kimmig Rainer , Fandrey Joachim , Winterhager Elke 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTSeveral gap junction connexins have been shown to be essential for appropriate placental development and function. It is known that the expression and distribution of connexins change in response to environmental oxygen levels. The placenta develops under various oxygen levels, beginning at a low oxygen tension of approximately 2% and increasing to a tension of 8% after the onset of the uteroplacental circulation. Moreover, it has been shown that during preeclampsia (PE) placentas are subjected to chronic hypoxia. Therefore, we investigated oxygen sensitivity of placental connexins 43 and 46. Using the trophoblast cell line Jar, we demonstrated that the expression of connexin43 increased during acute hypoxia but decreased during chronic hypoxia. Chronic hypoxia resulted in the translocation of connexin43 from the membrane to the cytoplasm and in a reduction in its communication properties. In contrast, the expression of connexin46 was down‐regulated during chronic hypoxia and was translocated from perinuclear areas to the cell membrane. Hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF) knockdown showed that the translocation of connexin43 but not that of connexin46 was HIF‐2α dependent and was mediated by phosphoinositide 3‐kinase. The up‐regulation of connexin43 in combination with the down‐regulation of connexin46 was confirmed in placental explants cultivated under low oxygen and in placentas with early‐onset PE. Taken together, in Jar cells, placental connexins 43 and 46 are regulated during periods of low oxygen in opposite manners. The oxygen sensing of connexins in the trophoblast may play a role in physiological and pathophysiological oxygen conditions and thus may contribute to PE. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 2924–2937, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Detecting the effects of Fabry disease in the adult human brain with diffusion tensor imaging and fast bound‐pool fraction imaging
Authors: Underhill Hunter R. , Golden‐Grant Katie , Garrett Lauren T. , Uhrich Stefanie , Zielinski Brandon A. , Scott C. Ronald 
Published: May 2015

BackgroundTo identify quantitative MRI parameters associated with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and fast bound‐pool fraction imaging (FBFI) that may detect alterations in gray matter and/or white matter in adults with Fabry disease, a lysosomal storage disorder.Materials and MethodsTwelve healthy controls (mean age ± standard deviation: 48.0 ± 12.4 years) and 10 participants with Fabry disease (46.7 ± 12.9 years) were imaged at 3.0 Tesla. Whole‐brain parametric maps of diffusion tensor metrics (apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC] and fractional anisotropy [FA]) and the bound‐pool fraction (f) were acquired. Mean voxel values of parametric maps from regions‐of‐interest within gray and white matter structures were compared between cases and controls using the independent t‐test. Spearman's rho was used to identify associations between parametric maps and age.ResultsCompared with controls, the left thalamus of Fabry participants had an increase in FA (0.29 ± 0.02 versus 0.33 ± 0.05, respectively; P = 0.030) and a trend toward an increase in ADC (0.73 ± 00.02 versus 0.76 ± 0.03 μm2/s, respectively; P = 0.082). The left posterior white matter demonstrated a reduction in f (10.45 ± 0.37 versus 9.00 ± 1.84%, respectively; P = 0.035), an increase in ADC (0.78 ± 0.04 versus 0.94 ± 0.19 μm2/s, respectively; P = 0.024), and a trend toward a reduction in FA (0.42 ± 0.07 versus 0.36 ± 0.08, respectively; P = 0.052). Among all parameters, only f measured in the left posterior white matter was significantly associated with age in Fabry participants (rho = –0.71; P = 0.022).ConclusionParameters derived from DTI and FBFI detect Fabry‐related changes in the adult human brain, particularly in the posterior white matter where reductions in myelin density as measured by FBFI appear age related. J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2015;42:1611–1622.
In vivo monitoring of activated macrophages and neutrophils in response to ischemic osteonecrosis in a mouse model
Authors: Phipps Matthew C. , Huang YiHui , Yamaguchi Ryosuke , Kamiya Nobuhiro , Adapala Naga S. , Tang Liping , Kim Harry K. W. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTIschemic osteonecrosis (IO) is caused by disruption of the blood supply to bone. It is a debilitating condition with pathological healing characterized by excessive bone resorption and delayed osteogenesis. Although the majority of research has focused on the role of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in the disease progression, we hypothesize that innate immune cells, macrophages and neutrophils, play a significant role. With the recent development of real‐time imaging probes for neutrophils and macrophages, the purpose of this study was to investigate the kinetic immune cell response in a mouse model of IO. Our results show that induction of IO leads to a significant accumulation of activated neutrophils and macrophages at the affected tissue by 48 h after surgery. Additionally, the accumulation of these immune cells remained elevated in comparison to sham controls for up to 6 weeks, indicative of chronic inflammation. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the immune cell infiltration into the necrotic bone marrow and the increased presence of TNFα‐positive cells, demonstrating, for the first time, a direct response of these cells to ischemia induced necrotic bone. These new findings support a hypothesis that IO is an osteoimmunologic condition where innate immune cells play a significant role in the chronic inflammation. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:307–313, 2016.
BAG‐S53P4 as an additive to bone allografts: A laboratory study using an uniaxial compression test
Authors: David Putzer , Johannes Fuchs , Débora Coraça‐Huber , Ammann Christoph , Michael Liebensteiner , Michael Nogler 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTWe want to address the clinical issue of too sparse supply of allograft in total hip replacement and ambitions of controlling the grain size distribution. Bioglass BAG‐S53P4 was evaluated as a bone graft additive to chemically treated allografts with controlled grain size distribution. Allografts were chemically cleaned (CG) and mixed with BAG‐S53P4 additive (BG) for comparison. All samples were compacted with a dropped weight apparatus and then underwent a uniaxial compression test. The yield limit was determined by a uniaxial compression test and density was recorded while flowability was calculated. There was no difference between the yield stress limit of BG and CG after compaction (p = 0.432). Adding BAG‐S53P4 reduced flowability and could indicate better interlocking mechanism between particles. Adding BAG‐S53P4 seems to have no impact on the yield stress limit. The extended allografts withstand the compaction equally good which makes it a valid bone substitute in total hip replacement. An in vivo loaded study is needed before clinical use can be recommended. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:1875–1879, 2015.
Choosing the right chondrocyte cell line: Focus on nitric oxide
Authors: Santoro Anna , Conde Javier , Scotece Morena , Abella Vanessa , López Verónica , Pino Jesús , Gómez Rodolfo , Gómez‐Reino Juan Jesús , Gualillo Oreste 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTNitric oxide (NO) has been considered a catabolic factor that contributes to OA pathology by inducing chondrocytes apoptosis, matrix metalloproteinases synthesis, and pro‐inflammatory cytokines expression. Thus, the research on NO regulation in chondrocytes represents a relevant field which needs to be explored in depth. However, to date, only the murine ATDC‐5 cell line and primary chondrocytes are well‐established cells to study NO production in cartilage tissues. The goal of this study is to determine whether two commonly used human chondrocytic cell lines: SW‐1353 and T/C‐28a2 cell lines are good models to examine lipopolysaccharide and/or pro‐inflammatory cytokine‐driven NO release and iNOS expression. To this aim, we carefully examined NO production and iNOS protein expression in human T/C‐28a2 and SW‐1353 chondrocytes stimulated with LPS and interleukin (IL)‐1 alone or in combination. We also use ATDC‐5 cells as a positive control for NO production. NO accumulation has been determined by colorimetric Griess reaction, whereas NOS type II expression was determined by Western Blot analysis. Our results clearly demonstrated that neither human T/C‐28a2 nor SW‐1353 chondrocytes showed a detectable increase in NO production or iNOS expression after bacterial endotoxin or cytokines challenge with IL‐1. Our study demonstrated that T/C‐28a2 and SW‐1353 human cell lines are not suitable for studying NO release and iNOS expression confirming that ATDC5 and human primary cultured chondrocytes are the best in vitro cell system to study the actions derived from this mediator. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:1784–1788, 2015.
Indanes—Properties, Preparation, and Presence in Ligands for G Protein Coupled Receptors
Authors: Vilums Maris , Heuberger Jules , Heitman Laura H. , IJzerman Adriaan P. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe indane (2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐indene) ring system is an attractive scaffold for biologically active compounds due to the combination of aromatic and aliphatic properties fused together in one rigid system. This bicyclic structure provides a wide range of possibilities to incorporate specific substituents in different directionalities, thus being an attractive scaffold for medicinal chemists. Notably, many indane‐based compounds are being used in the clinic to treat various diseases, such as indinavir, an HIV‐1 protease inhibitor; indantadol, a potent Monoamine Oxidase (MAO)‐inhibitor; the amine uptake inhibitor indatraline; and the ultra‐long‐acting β‐adrenoceptor agonist indacaterol. Given the diversity of targets these drugs act on, one could argue that the indane ring system is a privileged substructure. In the present review, the synthetic and medicinal chemistry of the indane ring system is described. In more detail, it contains a comprehensive overview of compounds bearing the indane substructure with G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) activity, with particular emphasis on their structure–activity relationships (SAR).
The effect of plant sterols and different low doses of omega‐3 fatty acids from fish oil on lipoprotein subclasses
Authors: Jacobs Doris M. , Mihaleva Velitchka V. , van Schalkwijk Daniël B. , de Graaf Albert A. , Vervoort Jacques , van Dorsten Ferdinand A. , Ras Rouyanne T. , Demonty Isabelle , Trautwein Elke A. , van Duynhoven John 
Published: May 2015

ScopeConsumption of a low‐fat spread enriched with plant sterols (PS) and different low doses (<2 g/day) of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from fish oil reduces serum triglycerides (TGs) and low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (LDL‐Chol) and thus beneficially affects two blood lipid risk factors. Yet, their combined effects on TG and Chol in various lipoprotein subclasses have been investigated to a limited extent.Methods and resultsIn a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel study, we determined TG and Chol in 13 LP subclasses in fasting serum of 282 hypercholesterolemic subjects, who consumed either a placebo spread or one of the four spreads containing PS (2.5 g/day) and EPA+DHA (0.0, 0.9, 1.3, and 1.8 g/day) for 4 weeks. After PS treatment, total LDL‐Chol was reduced, which was not further changed by EPA+DHA. No shift in the LDL‐Chol particle distribution was observed. The addition of EPA+DHA to PS dose‐dependently reduced VLDL‐Chol and VLDL‐TG mainly in larger particles. Furthermore, the two highest doses of EPA+DHA increased Chol and TG in the larger HDL particles, while these concentrations were decreased in the smallest HDL particles.ConclusionThe consumption of a low‐fat spread enriched with both PS and EPA+DHA induced shifts in the lipoprotein distribution that may provide additional cardiovascular benefits over PS consumption alone.
Early and progressive insulin resistance in young, non‐obese cancer survivors treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Bizzarri Carla , Pinto Rita M. , Ciccone Sara , Brescia Letizia P. , Locatelli Franco , Cappa Marco 
Published: May 2015

BackgroundIt is unclear whether there is a causative relationship between the development of metabolic syndrome (MS) and increased risk of early cardiovascular morbidity in patients receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) during childhood. Early identification of risk factors associated with insulin resistance, MS, and abnormal glucose tolerance during childhood or adolescence in these patients could represent a useful tool for preventing cardiovascular disorders.ProcedureIn a single‐center, prospective, descriptive, cross‐sectional study, we studied 45 survivors of hematological malignancies (age: 13.9 ± 4.8 years) treated with HSCT before the age of 18 years and 90 matched healthy controls. We collected clinical, imaging, and laboratory data including oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).Results7/45 patients (15.6%) showed abnormal glucose tolerance at OGTT, 1/45 (2.2%) was obese, and none fulfilled the criteria for MS. A waist/height ratio >0.5 was associated with patients with abnormal glucose tolerance (85.7% of cases), compared to patients with normal glucose tolerance (42.1%) and controls (23.3%). In patients with abnormal glucose tolerance, use of total body irradiation (TBI) as conditioning regimen was more common, and time elapsed from HSCT was longer.ConclusionsPatients treated with HSCT may develop insulin resistance early after transplantation. They do not show overt obesity, but have redistribution of fat tissue with central fat accumulation. The main factors associated with increased metabolic risk are TBI and time from HSCT. Evaluation of MS and glucose tolerance should be part of hormonal follow‐up, which should be routinely proposed to these patients. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:1650–1655. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sexual Functioning and Behavior of Men with Body Dysmorphic Disorder Concerning Penis Size Compared with Men Anxious about Penis Size and with Controls: A Cohort Study
Authors: Veale David , Miles Sarah , Read Julie , Troglia Andrea , Wylie Kevan , Muir Gordon 
Published: May 2015

Abstract

Introduction
Little is known about the sexual functioning and behavior of men anxious about the size of their penis and the means that they might use to try to alter the size of their penis.

Aim
To compare sexual functioning and behavior in men with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) concerning penis size and in men with small penis anxiety (SPA without BDD) and in a control group of men who do not have any concerns.

Methods
An opportunistic sample of 90 men from the community were recruited and divided into three groups: BDD (n = 26); SPA (n = 31) and controls (n = 33).

Main Outcome Measures
The Index of Erectile Function (IEF), sexual identity and history; and interventions to alter the size of their penis.

Results
Men with BDD compared with controls had reduced erectile dysfunction, orgasmic function, intercourse satisfaction and overall satisfaction on the IEF. Men with SPA compared with controls had reduced intercourse satisfaction. There were no differences in sexual desire, the frequency of intercourse or masturbation across any of the three groups. Men with BDD and SPA were more likely than the controls to attempt to alter the shape or size of their penis (for example jelqing, vacuum pumps or stretching devices) with poor reported success.

Conclusion
Men with BDD are more likely to have erectile dysfunction and less satisfaction with intercourse than controls but maintain their libido. Further research is required to develop and evaluate a psychological intervention for such men with adequate outcome measures.