bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coated platelets and severe haemophilia A bleeding phenotype: Is there a connection?
Authors: Lastrapes K. K. , Mohammed B. M. , Mazepa M. A. , Martin E. J. , Barrett J. C. , Massey G. V. , Kuhn J. G. , Nolte M. E. , Hoffman M. , Monroe D. M. , Brophy D. F. 
Published: November 2015

IntroductionCoated platelets are a subpopulation of platelets that possess highly prothrombotic properties. Previous observational data suggest that bleeding phenotype in severe haemophilia A is associated with coated platelet levels. Haemophilia A patients with higher coated platelet levels may have a mild bleeding phenotype; those with lower levels may have a more severe bleeding phenotype.AimThe aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that coated platelet levels are correlated with clinical bleeding phenotype.MethodsThis cross‐sectional, observational study enrolled 20 severe haemophilia A patients, including 15 with severe and five with a mild bleeding phenotype, and a control group of 12 healthy volunteers. The haemophilia bleeding phenotype was determined by the patient's medical history and haemophilia treatment centre records. Blood was obtained from each patient by venipuncture and platelets were analysed by flow cytometry.ResultsPatients categorized as having a severe bleeding phenotype experienced a median eight bleeds per year compared to one bleed annually in the mild bleeding phenotype group. Both groups had similar total platelet counts and fibrinogen levels. There was no difference in coated platelet percentage between severe and mild bleeding phenotype (17 and 16% respectively), however, both groups had significantly lower % coated platelets compared to controls (44%, P < 0.0001).ConclusionCoated platelet levels were not associated with bleeding phenotype in this study; however, these data may suggest coated platelet levels are lower in haemophilia patients relative to healthy volunteers.
Acticoat™ stimulates inflammation, but does not delay healing, in acute full‐thickness excisional wounds
Authors: Hartmann Carol A , Rode Heinz , Kramer Beverley 
Published: November 2015

AbstractActicoat™ has antimicrobial and anti‐inflammatory effects which aid wound healing. However, in vitro studies indicate that Acticoat™ is cytotoxic and clinical and in vivo studies suggest that it may delay healing in acute wounds. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of Acticoat™ on healing in acute full‐thickness excisional wounds. Using a porcine model, healing was assessed on days 3, 6, 9 and 15 post‐wounding. Five wounds dressed with Acticoat™ and five wounds dressed with polyurethane film (control) were assessed per day (n = 40 wounds). The rate of healing, inflammatory response, restoration of the epithelium and blood vessel and collagen formation were evaluated. No difference was found in the rate of healing between wounds treated with Acticoat™ and the control wounds. Inflammation was increased in Acticoat™‐treated wounds on day 3 post‐wounding compared to the control wounds. However, by day 15 post‐wounding, the epithelium of the Acticoat™‐treated wounds closely resembled normal epithelium. Acticoat™‐treated wounds also contained a higher proportion of mature blood vessels, and differences in collagen deposition were apparent. Despite inducing an inflammatory response, Acticoat™ did not delay healing in acute wounds. Conversely, the improved quality of the epithelium and blood vessels within Acticoat™‐treated wounds indicates that Acticoat™ has a beneficial effect on healing.
Do hybrid‐origin polyploid amphibians occupy transgressive or intermediate ecological niches compared to their diploid ancestors?
Authors: Ficetola G. Francesco , Stöck Matthias 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimSpeciation can either proceed as gradual divergence, mostly in allopatry or parapatry, or by duplication of chromosome sets: polyploidization. Hybrid‐origin or allopolyploidization is an important mechanism of hybrid speciation with strong, although often incomplete, postzygotic reproductive barriers between the polyploid hybrid and its diploid parents. Allopolyploids often present novel phenotypes that exceed the ranges of their ancestral lineages, leading to the hypothesis that niche shifts could be supportive of hybrid speciation. Although polyploidy is phylogenetically widespread in animals, ecological niches of diploid ancestral and derived allopolyploids have been rarely comparatively examined. Here, we do so for five species of Palaearctic green toads (Bufo viridissubgroup), involving three ploidy levels.LocationCentral Asia, High Asia.MethodsWe gathered distributional records of genotyped toads, covering the whole range of the five toad species. We then used similarity and equivalency tests and examined whether bioclimatic (Grinellian) niches of allopolyploids are intermediate to those of the extant diploid relatives of their ancestral forms or whether they are transgressive (beyond those of both ancestors).ResultsWe found evidence for both transgressive and conservative niches in allopolyploids. Allotetraploids (Bufo pewzowi,B. oblongus) showed transgressive niche evolution; they inhabited environments that were harsher (more arid and with colder winters) than both of their parental species. In contrast, the allotriploidB. baturaeexhibited a conserved niche, similar to an ancestral lineage that provided two‐thirds of its hybrid genome. For most comparisons, niches of extant diploid ancestral lineages were significantly different from each other.Main conclusionWe conclude that allopolyploidization in amphibians leads potentially but not a necessarily to transgressive niche evolution, and may facilitate hybrid speciation by allowing newly formed hybrids to colonize novel habitats and thus escape their parental lineages.
Associations between metabolic risk factors and body mass index, waist circumference, waist‐to‐height ratio and waist‐to‐hip ratio in a Chinese rural population
Authors: Guan Xin , Sun Guozhe , Zheng Liqiang , Hu Wenyu , Li Wenna , Sun Yingxian 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAims/IntroductionObesity plays a central role in metabolic syndrome. Obesity indexes are important in clinical work. In the present study, we sought to determine the relationships between obesity indexes and metabolic risk factors.Materials and MethodsWe studied 11,568 participants over 35 years. Body mass index, waist circumference (WC), waist‐to‐height ratio (WHtR) and waist‐to‐hip ratio were measured and calculated. To compare the predictive ability of the obesity indexes in diagnosing multiple metabolic risk factors, the areas under receiver operating characteristic curves were calculated, and cut‐off values were determined. A partial correlation coefficient was used to assess the intercorrelations between the obesity indexes, and to evaluate the correlations between each index and each metabolic risk factor.ResultsThe partial correlation coefficient for WHtR and WC was 0.947. In diagnosing multiple metabolic risk factors, the WHtR areas under receiver operating characteristic curves was greater than that for the other obesity indexes in both sexes. The cut‐off point for the WHtR was 0.50 in men and 0.52 in women. The cut‐off point for WC was 85 cm in men and 80 cm in women.ConclusionsWHtR strongly correlates with WC. The WHtR might show the same predictive ability as the WC in diagnosing multiple metabolic risk factors.
Severe learning deficits of IRSp53 mutant mice are caused by altered NMDA receptor‐dependent signal transduction
Authors: Bobsin Kristin , Kreienkamp Hans‐Jürgen 
Published: November 2015

AbstractLearning and memory is dependent on postsynaptic architecture and signaling processes in forebrain regions. The insulin receptor substrate protein of 53 kDa (IRSp53, also known as Baiap2) is a signaling and adapter protein in forebrain excitatory synapses. Mice deficient in IRSp53 display enhanced levels of postsynaptic N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptors (NMDARs) and long‐term potentiation (LTP) associated with severe learning deficits. In humans, reduced IRSp53/Baiap2 expression is associated with a variety of neurological disorders including autism, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's disease. Here, we analyzed mice lacking one copy of the gene coding for IRSp53 using behavioral tests including contextual fear conditioning and the puzzle box. We show that a 50% reduction in IRSp53 levels strongly affects the performance in fear‐evoking learning paradigms. This correlates with increased targeting of NMDARs to the postsynaptic density (PSD) in hippocampi of both heterozygous and knock out (ko) mice at the expense of extrasynaptic NMDARs. As hippocampal NMDAR‐dependent LTP is enhanced in IRSp53‐deficient mice, we investigated signaling cascades important for the formation of fear‐evoked memories. Here, we observed a dramatic increase in cAMP response element‐binding protein‐dependent signaling in heterozygous and IRSp53‐deficient mice, necessary for the transcriptional dependent phase of LTP. In contrast, activation of the MAPK and Akt kinase pathways required for translation‐dependent phase of LTP are reduced. Our data suggest that loss or even the reduction in IRSp53 increases NMDAR‐dependent cAMP responsive element‐binding protein activation in the hippocampus, and interferes with the ability of mice to learn upon anxiety‐related stimuli.
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We show here that a moderate reduction in the postsynaptic protein IRSp53 in mice leads to an increase in postsynaptic NMDA receptors. Both in heterozygous and IRSp53 deficient mice, this is associated with altered postsynaptic signal transduction, and poor performance of mice in fear‐associated learning paradigms, indicating that precise control of postsynaptic NMDA receptor density is essential for memory formation.
Successfully leaving work at work: The self‐regulatory underpinnings of psychological detachment
Authors: Smit Brandon W. 
Published: November 2015

Detaching from work – defined as mentally and physically disengaging from work during off‐hours – is an important prerequisite to effective daily recovery and psychological well‐being. However, the extant literature has yet to articulate exactly why some employees fail to detach from work and, furthermore, offers few concrete recommendations on how to increase detachment on a daily basis. I illustrate how both of these limitations may be resolved by extending the definition of psychological detachment to more clearly specify from what employees are failing to detach. Drawing from self‐regulation research, the theoretical framework developed in this study proposes that employees' minds continue to linger over goal‐related content after the workday is finished. This proposition was supported in a longitudinal sample of 103 employees pursuing 1,127 goals. Consistent with a self‐regulatory perspective, employees had more difficulty detaching from incomplete (vs. completed) work goals later in the day, especially when these goals possessed high valence. Furthermore, an experimental manipulation demonstrated that creating plans to resolve incomplete goals increased psychological detachment among employees with traits that chronically inhibit detachment. I discuss how this refined conceptualization of psychological detachment catalyses future theoretical development and provides groundwork for evidence‐based interventions.Practitioner points

Creating plans at the end of the day that describe where, when, and how unfulfilled work goals will be completed is an effective, low‐cost intervention that enhances psychological detachment among employees, which will ultimately improve occupational health and performance.

The planning intervention was primarily effective among employees who typically have difficulty detaching from work during leisure time, indicating that intervention efforts should be targeted at specific types of employees.

When setting daily work goals, employees should be encouraged to focus on smaller, concrete goals at the end of the day in order to reduce unfulfilled work goals and facilitate psychological detachment.
Cognitive Appraisal as a Predictor of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Choice
Authors: Sakakibara Ryota , Endo Toshihiko 
Published: November 2015

AbstractMore attention has recently been focused on how a person may choose their emotion regulation strategies depending on the situation. The present research examined how people cognitively appraised a situation that they had actually encountered in their life and how this appraisal affected their subsequent cognitive emotion regulation strategies. Three hundred and twenty‐four participants were instructed to recall the most stressful situation in the last month, and to rate how they cognitively appraised the situation (threat, centrality, controllability, commitment, injustice/unfairness, expectedness, expectancy) and how they cognitively regulated their emotion (self‐blame, blaming others, acceptance, refocus on planning, positive refocusing, rumination, positive reappraisal, putting into perspective, catastrophizing). Multiple regression analysis revealed that even after control for other variables, such as age, sex, personality, the time when the situation occurred and the intensity of negative emotion, all criteria of cognitive appraisal except for expectedness predicted cognitive emotion regulation choice. Implications and limitations of this research are discussed.
Erectile Dysfunction and Mortality in a National Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Loprinzi Paul D. , Nooe Allison 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

Introduction
Emerging work has shown erectile dysfunction (ED) to be an important indicator of cardiovascular risk via its shared pathophysiology. Yet limited research has examined if a direct relationship between ED and mortality risk exists.

Aim
The purpose of this brief report was to better define the relationship between ED and mortality risk.

Methods
Prevalent ED was assessed with the question: “How would you describe your ability to get and keep an erection adequate for satisfactory intercourse?” Participant data from the population-based 2003–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) was linked to death certificates from the National Death Index for mortality assessment.

Main Outcome Measures
Increased risk of premature all-cause mortality among those with ED (vs. those without).

Results
Of 1,790 adult men providing complete data (age range: 20–85 years; mean = 45.4 year), with 557 having ED, over a 93-month follow-up, 244 deceased over this time. After adjustments, those with ED (vs. those without) had a 70% increased risk of premature all-cause mortality (hazards ratio = 1.70; 95% confidence interval; 1.01–2.85; P = 0.04).

Conclusions
ED is associated with increased premature mortality risk. The present findings have major public health and clinical implications in that ED is a strong indicator of premature mortality. Therefore, patients with ED should be screened and possibly treated for complications that may increase the risk of premature death.
Faecal contamination of echinoderms: first report of heavy Escherichia coli loading of sea urchins from a natural growing area
Authors: Bouchoucha M. , Piquet J.C. , Chavanon F. , Dufresne C. , Le Guyader F.S. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Although little evidence existed to support that view, European countries and in particular France, have regarded echinoderms, including sea urchins, as low risk in terms of feacal contamination. It is hypothesized that the sea urchins mode of feeding, which is based on grazing and differs from bivalve molluscs, would prevent it from concentrating high levels of Escherichia coli. Here, we monitored E. coli levels in sea urchins (Paracentrotus lividus) and in filter-feeder mussels (Mytillus galloprovincialis), collected concurrently from the same natural area over a 1-year period to verify this assumption. Sea urchins were collected on the seafloor, whereas mussels were collected from the water column at a depth of 4 m. Our results showed heavy bacterial loading of sea urchins in a natural growing environment. Moreover, we highlighted that E. coli contamination of sea urchins could, in certain conditions, be higher than those detected in filter-feeding mussels collected at the same location. Finally, the results showed a significant correlation between rainfall and E. coli concentrations in sea urchins, suggesting that the bacterial safety of sea urchin could be linked to the quality of the surrounding water.

Significance and Impact of the Study
The European regulation requires competent authorities to monitor the sanitary status of shellfish, including live echinoderms, through faecal indicator organisms. In the French Mediterranean, sea urchin production is significant. Until now, as no data showed significant E. coli contamination levels, no monitoring programs focused on this species. This study demonstrates that sea urchins are more vulnerable to faecal contamination than previously hypothesized, especially during heavy rainfall. In consequence, the European authority general approach to microbiological management of shellfish should be applied to sea urchins.
In alcoholic cirrhosis, low‐serum hepcidin levels associate with poor long‐term survival
Authors: Nahon Pierre , Nuraldeen Renwar , Rufat Pierre , Sutton Angela , Trautwein Christian , Strnad Pavel 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackground & AimsIron constitutes a potentially toxic element and consequently, hepatic iron overload may accelerate liver disease progression and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hepcidin is the central negative regulator of iron metabolism that is produced primarily by the liver.MethodsTo study the prognostic significance of serum hepcidin, we assessed the influence of baseline serum hepcidin levels on the outcome of a French cohort encompassing 237 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis prospectively followed up in the setting of HCC screening.ResultsHepcidin values correlated weakly with serum ferritin levels (r = 0.33) and hepatic iron scores (r = 0.3). After a median follow‐up of 68 months, patients with baseline lower hepcidin level had a higher risk of HCC occurrence [hazard ratio, HR = 1.76 (1.01–3.06), P = 0.031] and overall death [HR = 1.63 (1.07–2.44), P = 0.019]. According to Cox multivariate analyses, lower hepcidin levels were independently associated with death [HR = 2.84 (1.29–6.25), P = 0.009] along with higher Child–Pugh score while HCC occurrence was mainly associated with clinical confounders interfering with iron metabolism (older age and higher BMI, adjusted P‐value for hepcidin = 0.119).ConclusionsIn conclusion, low‐serum hepcidin levels in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis bear a long‐term prognostic significance warranting further explorations.
Microsatellite evolutionary rate and pattern in Schistocerca gregaria inferred from direct observation of germline mutations
Authors: Chapuis M.‐P. , Plantamp C. , Streiff R. , Blondin L. , Piou C. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractUnravelling variation among taxonomic orders regarding the rate of evolution in microsatellites is crucial for evolutionary biology and population genetics research. The mean mutation rate of microsatellites tends to be lower in arthropods than in vertebrates, but data are scarce and mostly concern accumulation of mutations in model species. Based on parent–offspring segregations and a hierarchical Bayesian model, the mean rate of mutation in the orthopteran insect Schistocerca gregaria was estimated at 2.1e−4 per generation per untranscribed dinucleotide locus. This is close to vertebrate estimates and one order of magnitude higher than estimates from species of other arthropod orders, such as Drosophila melanogaster and Daphnia pulex. We also found evidence of a directional bias towards expansions even for long alleles and exceptionally large ranges of allele sizes. Finally, at transcribed microsatellites, the mean rate of mutation was half the rate found at untranscribed loci and the mutational model deviated from that usually considered, with most mutations involving multistep changes that avoid disrupting the reading frame. Our direct estimates of mutation rate were discussed in the light of peculiar biological and genomic features of S. gregaria, including specificities in mismatch repair and the dependence of its activity to allele length. Shedding new light on the mutational dynamics of grasshopper microsatellites is of critical importance for a number of research fields. As an illustration, we showed how our findings improve microsatellite application in population genetics, by obtaining a more precise estimation of S. gregaria effective population size from a published data set based on the same microsatellites.
Life without Fe–S clusters
Authors: Rocha Agostinho G. , Dancis Andrew 
Published: November 2015

SummaryFe–S clusters are critically important cofactors implicated in numerous cellular processes, including respiration, amino acid biosynthesis, cofactor biosynthesis, tRNA modification, DNA repair and regulation of gene expression. In the accompanying manuscript, Tanaka et al. show that reengineering of the isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway in E. coli (to bypass the usage of essential Fe–S cluster proteins by inserting the mevalonate pathway) can offset the indispensability of the Fe–S cluster biosynthetic systems. They show that the resulting Δisc Δsuf double mutants supplemented with mevalonate can grow slowly without detectable Fe–S cluster proteins. This result is astounding and raises interesting questions about what is essential and what is dispensable in the compendium of Fe–S cluster protein functions in this cell.
Pediatric emergence delirium: Canadian Pediatric Anesthesiologists' experience
Authors: Rosen H. David , Mervitz Deborah , Cravero Joseph P. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryIntroductionPediatric emergence agitation/delirium (ED) is a cluster of behaviors seen in the early postanesthetic period with negative emotional consequences for families and increased utilization of healthcare resources. Many studies have looked at identifying risk factors for ED and at pharmacologic regimens to prevent ED. There are few published reports on treatment options and efficacy for established ED episodes, and essentially no data concerning current practice in the treatment of ED. We sought to elicit the experience and opinions of Canadian Pediatric Anesthesiologists on the incidence of ED in their practice, definitions and diagnostic criteria, preventative strategies, treatments, and their perceived efficacy.MethodsA web‐based survey was sent to pediatric anesthesiologists working at academic health science centers across Canada. The participants were selected based on being members of the Canadian Pediatric Anesthesia Society (CPAS), which represents the subspecialty in Canada. All members of CPAS who had e‐mail contact information available in the membership database were invited to participate. A total of 209 members out of the total of 211 fulfilled these criteria and were included in the study population.ResultsThe response rate was 51% (106/209). Of respondents, 42% felt that ED was a significant problem at their institutions, with 45% giving medication before or during anesthesia to prevent the development of ED. Propofol was the most common medication given to prevent ED (68%) and to treat ED (42%). Total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) was considered by 38% of respondents as a technique used to prevent ED. Medications used for treatment included propofol (42%), midazolam (31%), fentanyl (10%), morphine (7%), and dexmedetomidine (5%), with 87% of respondents rating effectiveness of treatment as ‘usually works quickly with one dose’.DiscussionWe present information on current practice patterns with respect to prophylaxis and treatment of ED among a specialized group of pediatric anesthesiologists and highlight the importance of further research in improving the treatment of this common and challenging peri‐anesthetic occurrence.