bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of survival and roost switching in an African insectivorous bat
Authors: Monadjem A. , McCleery R. A. , Collier B. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractVariation in survival over time and among age and sex classes drives population dynamics for a large majority of long‐lived species and is critical to understanding species demography. For highly mobile species that actively move among potential breeding locations, coupling survival information with estimates of locational fidelity provides the basis for our understanding of species population dynamics. We studied the effect of time, age and sex class and climatic variables on survival and roost transition probabilities on a population of Egyptian slit‐faced bats in Swaziland from 1450 marked individuals from 16 roosts over a 10‐year period. We then used variance components analysis to estimate average annual survival and associated temporal process variance. Annual apparent survival varied with sex and age, being highest in adult males and lowest in juvenile females. We did not find evidence of survival being influenced by climatological factors as commonly observed in temperate bats. Roost switching occurred frequently, with more transitions to roosts harboring larger number of bats. Furthermore, the probability of transitioning to another roost was related to its distance from the original roost. The dispersal patterns revealed in this study were consistent with the fission–fusion dynamics common for colonial bats.
Geminate Devoicing in Japanese Loanwords: Theoretical and Experimental Investigations
Authors: Kawahara Shigeto 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis paper provides an overview of theoretical and experimental investigations into voiced geminates in Japanese. Active discussion was initiated by Nishimura's () discovery that in Japanese loanword phonology, voiced geminates can be devoiced, when they co‐occur with another voiced obstruent (e.g. /doggu/ → /dokku/ ‘dog’). This context‐sensitive devoicing of geminates has been analyzed within several different theoretical frameworks. The phonetic and psycholinguistic natures of voiced geminates have also been explored, in tandem with corpus‐based analyses and computational modeling. This devoicing pattern of voiced geminates in Japanese therefore has had substantial impacts on the recent phonological literature. The empirical focus of this paper is on one simple devoicing phenomenon in Japanese, but implications for general linguistic theories are discussed throughout the paper.
Does disappearance mean extirpation? The case of right whales off Namibia
Authors: Roux Jean‐Paul , Braby Rod J. , Best Peter B. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractRight whales off Namibia were severely depleted by early 19th century whaling, and rarely featured in modern whaling catches in the 1920s. Aerial surveys of the Namibian coastline from 1978 and onwards revealed increasing numbers of right whales, but few cow‐calf pairs. Aerial surveys off South Africa since 2009 showed a major decline in the availability of animals without calves. Twenty individual matches were made between 94 whales photographed off Namibia/Northern Cape in 2003–2012 and 1,677 photographed off South Africa in 1979–2012. Eight were adult females that calved in South African waters, but only one was also seen with a calf off Namibia. Twelve out of 13 individuals off Namibia with distinctive dorsal pigmentation were first seen as calves off South Africa. These results strongly indicate connectivity between the two regions, while the presence off Namibia of three adult females from the South African population in the season in which they are believed to conceive suggests that there is unlikely to be any genetic differentiation between the two areas. We conclude that the reappearance of right whales off Namibia represents range expansion from South Africa rather than the survival of a few remnants of an originally separate stock.
Early Colonization, Glacial Melt Water, and Island Mass Effect in the Archipelago of Western Sweden: A Case History
Authors: Schmitt Lou 
Published: April 2015

SummaryIn this short article I consider the relationship between glacial melt water that empties into the sea, and early coastal colonization by hunter‐gatherers. In addition, I contend that this archaeological/oceanographical case study from the Swedish west coast is a model that can be applied to other coastal areas of the world with raised beaches, and where similar conditions prevailed during the close of the Late Glacial and the beginning of the early Post Glacial.
Open Warfare or the Odd Skirmish? Bell Beaker Violence in the North‐Eastern Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Soriano Ignacio , Gibaja Juan F. , Vila Lluís 
Published: April 2015

SummaryArchaeological examples of violence in prehistory have increased in recent years. The evidence, methodology employed and interpretation of the data have been diverse, but in each case the myth of the ‘peaceful past’ is questioned. This work provides new data on the issue from the north‐eastern Iberian Peninsula, associated with the Bell Beaker culture (c.2800–2350 cal BC). Material from two megalithic tombs, Can Gol I and Can Gol II (Barcelona Province), in particular a set of flint arrowheads, has been revisited. Use‐wear analysis on the arrowheads confirmed the presence of impact fractures. This indicates that the arrowheads were not funerary offerings, but that they entered the graves lodged in the bodies of the deceased. The data from the only site with evidence of massive death by violence in the neighbouring region (Costa de Can Martorell) reinforce the hypothesis of episodes of conflict and violence during prehistory. However, the interpretation of the nature of such violence remains open to debate: was it an act of warfare or an occasional skirmish? And is the image of the Bell Beaker warrior identified in other European contexts also applicable to this area?
Hospitalisations from 1 to 6 Years of Age: Effects of Gestational Age and Severe Neonatal Morbidity
Authors: Stephens Alexandre S. , Lain Samantha J. , Roberts Christine L. , Bowen Jennifer R. , Simpson Judy M. , Nassar Natasha 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate whether the adverse infant health outcomes associated with early birth and severe neonatal morbidity (SNM) persist beyond the first year of life and impact on paediatric hospitalisations for children up to 6 years of age.MethodsThe study population included all singleton live births, >32 weeks gestation in New South Wales, Australia, in 2001–2005, with follow‐up to 6 years of age. Birth data were probabilistically linked to hospitalisation data (n = 392 964). The odds of hospitalisation, mean hospital length of stay (LOS) and costs, and cumulative LOS were evaluated by gestational age and SNM using multivariable analyses.ResultsA total of 74 341 (18.9%) and 41 404 (10.5%) infants were hospitalised once and more than once, respectively. SNM was associated with increased odds of hospitalisation once (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.16 [95% confidence interval 1.10, 1.22]) and more than once [aOR 1.51 (1.43, 1.61)]. Decreasing gestational age was associated with increasing odds of hospitalisation more than once from aOR 1.19 at 37–38 weeks to 1.49 at 33–34 weeks. Average LOS and costs per hospital admission were increased with SNM but not with decreasing gestational age. Cumulative LOS was significantly increased with SNM and decreasing gestational age.ConclusionsAdverse effects of SNM and early birth persist between 1 and 6 years of age. Strategies to prevent early birth and reduce SNM, and to increase health monitoring of vulnerable infants throughout childhood may help reduce paediatric hospitalisations.
Multi‐institutional retrospective cohort study of patients with severe pulmonary hypertension associated with respiratory diseases
Authors: Tanabe Nobuhiro , Taniguchi Hiroyuki , Tsujino Ichizo , Sakamaki Fumio , Emoto Noriaki , Kimura Hiroshi , Takamura Kei , Hanaoka Masayuki , Nishimura Masaharu , Tatsumi Koichiro ,   JRS Lung Disease PH Study Group
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackground and objectivePulmonary hypertension (PH) is often associated with respiratory diseases, but only a small number of patients present with severe PH defined as mean pulmonary arterial pressure ≥ 35 mm Hg. We here conducted a multicenter, retrospective study of patients with severe PH associated with respiratory diseases (R‐PH) to reveal their demographics, treatment, prognosis and determinants of prognosis.MethodsFrom 101 patients with severe R‐PH collected by postal survey at the first stage, 70 patients with four major diseases (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), combined pulmonary fibrosis with emphysema (CPFE), interstitial pneumonia associated with connective tissue disease (CTD‐IP), interstitial pneumonia (IP)) and normal pulmonary arterial wedge pressure were studied for clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis.ResultsThree‐year survival rates were 50% for COPD (n = 18), 35.7% for IP (n = 19) and 68.1% for CTD‐IP (n = 20), and the 2‐year survival rate for CPFE (n = 13) was only 22.6%. Eighty‐one per cent of patients had been treated with pharmacotherapy specific for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Those patients who had received phosphodiesterase‐5 inhibitors (PDE‐5I) displayed significantly better survival from the date of diagnosis than those who had not (3‐year survival: 61.8% vs 20.0% P < 0.0001), especially in the IP, CTD‐IP and CPFE groups. Multivariate analysis also revealed that treatment with PDE‐5I was a positive prognostic factor.ConclusionsWe here demonstrated the dismal prognosis of patients with severe R‐PH. The remarkably better survival in those patients who had received PDE‐5I warrants and facilitates future prospective randomized studies in this particular population.
Starker Steuerwettbewerb – starke Reformen? Ein neuer Blick auf Unternehmenssteuerreformen in 15 EU‐Staaten (1998‐2011)
Authors: von Kulessa Alexander , Wenzelburger Georg 
Published: April 2015

AbstractObwohl viele europäische Länder ihre Unternehmenssteuern in den vergangenen Jahren gesenkt haben, besteht weiterhin eine beachtliche Varianz im EU‐15‐Vergleich. Der vorliegende Beitrag nimmt diese Unterschiede zum Anlass, um die Frage nach den Bestimmungsgründen der Unternehmenssteuerreformen und deren Ausmaß neu zu stellen. Neu deshalb, weil er eine logistische Panelregression mit einer fsQCA verbindet und damit die bisherigen Studien methodisch‐konzeptionell ergänzt. Und ebenfalls neu deshalb, weil er sich hinsichtlich des Untersuchungszeitraumes auf die Jahre 1998‐2011 beschränkt und damit auf einen Zeitraum, in dem der verschärfte Steuerwettbewerbs in globalisierten Märkten besonders relevant ist. Die Ergebnisse der empirischen Analysen bestätigen den überaus starken Einfluss, welche die Position eines Landes im internationalen Steuerwettbewerb auf dessen Steuerreformtätigkeit ausübt. Sowohl in der fsQCA als auch in der logistischen Panelregression dominiert dieser Zusammenhang. Daneben erlauben die Ergebnisse auch eine Nuancierung bisheriger Befunde zum Einfluss von Vetospielern und Parteipolitik.
Successful transfusion of antigen positive blood to alloimmunised patients using a monocyte monolayer assay
Authors: Noumsi G. T. , Billingsley K. L. , Moulds J. M. 
Published: April 2015

SUMMARYBackgroundProviding adequate transfusion support for alloimmunised patients for whom antigen negative blood is not readily available is hampered by the risk of a haemolytic reaction. The monocyte monolayer assay (MMA) has shown good correlation between the antibody clinical significance and the fate of antigen positive blood.Materials and MethodsFrom 2006 to 2013, the clinical significance of red cell alloantibodies produced by 61 patients was evaluated using a MMA; and antigen positive blood offering the best survival advantage was selected for transfusion following a secondary MMA crossmatch. Post‐transfusion, patients were evaluated for clinical signs of haemolysis.ResultsOverall, 19 of 61 (31·1%) of our antibodies were potentially clinically significant, with a monocyte index (MI) > 5%. There was no correlation between the clinical significance as showed by the MMA, and the specificity of the antibody or the strength of reactivity at antihuman globulin (AHG) phase. Using the MMA as a secondary crossmatch method, 31 alloimmunised patients (including: eight anti‐hrB, four anti‐Yta, one each anti‐Rg1, ‐Coa, Era, Leb, ‐LW, ‐Sl1) received 103 antigen positive blood units with no clinical sign of a post‐transfusion reaction. For three patients (one each anti‐Joa, ‐AnWj, unidentified ‘HTLA’), initial MMA was performed as part of an investigation of a suspected haemolytic reaction. In each case, the MMA accurately identified the unit responsible for the reaction.ConclusionUsed as a crossmatch surrogate, the MMA provided valuable information in the decision of transfusing antigen positive blood to alloimmunised patients, avoiding delay because of the search of rare antigen negative units.
Retrospective analysis of community hospital red blood cell recovery procedures: improved utilization needed for effectiveness
Authors: Bellone Michael , Pham Huy P. , Shaz Beth H. , Shi Patricia A. 
Published: April 2015

BACKGROUNDPerioperative blood recovery (PBR) is an important component of patient blood management. We analyzed our experience providing PBR for community hospitals to determine procedure types and clinical variables associated with efficacy and cost‐effectiveness.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSPBR cases (>25,000) from January 2008 through December 2012 were analyzed. For each procedure type, the median number of returned red blood cell units (rRBCs) and ratio of cases with at least 1 to less than 1 rRBC unit were calculated. Clinical predictors of rRBC were identified by linear and logistic regression.RESULTSThe overall median rRBC was 0.29 units despite median estimated blood loss (EBL) of 350 mL. Only three of 31 common procedure types had ≥1:<1 rRBC ratios near to or higher than 1. In nine of 31 common procedure types, at least 50% of cases had no rRBC return. Linear regression demonstrated significant association of rRBCs with increased EBL, longer operative duration, surgeon, PBR device type (autoLog vs. CS5), and decreasing age. EBL, autoLog use, high surgeon case volume, vascular procedures, and emergent versus elective procedures associated with higher odds of at least 1 rRBC.CONCLUSIONDiscrepancy between rRBC and EBL and high percentages of cases with no rRBC suggests that PBR technique and case selection need optimization. Identification of procedure types and variables associated with PBR efficacy (≥1 rRBC) should improve utilization of PBR. Association of autoLog use with higher rRBC warrants further investigation.
Relative stiffness of 3 bandage/splint constructs for stabilization of equine midmetacarpal fractures
Authors: Lutter John D. , Cary Julie A. , Stephens Robert R. , Potts Logan B. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractObjectiveDetermine the relative stiffness of 3 bandage/splint constructs intended for emergency fracture stabilization.DesignExperimental model. A single plane free end deflection model was developed to simulate the forces placed on a bandage/splint construct during stabilization of a complete mid‐metacarpal bone fracture. The total deflection of the model in one plane was measured following application of 3 different bandage/splint combinations including a classic, 3 layered Robert Jones Bandage (RJB) with a splint placed on the outside of the bandage (RJB‐3), an RJB with splint placed after the first of 3 bandage layers (RJB‐1), and a single layer full limb bandage with external splint (SS). Comparisons were made between the deflections of the model with each bandage/splint combinations in an effort to determine the most effective method for field fracture stabilization.SettingLaboratory.AnimalsNo animals were utilized in data collection for this study. Two live horses were utilized during the pilot study.InterventionsApplication of bandage and splint to a model intended to simulate the bending force on a lower forelimb fracture in a horseMeasurements and Main ResultsDeflection was determined by the difference between the height of the model's supported free end before application of a 4.5 kg weight and at the conclusion of the deflection test. There was no significant difference in the amount of deflection between bandage/splint combinations (78 ± 32 mm (RJB‐1), 94 ± 44 mm (RJB‐3), and 93 ± 33 mm (SS))ConclusionsThe one‐layer bandage with splint was equivalent to either RJB configuration in the mean amount of deflection in the simple model of a fracture.
Assessment of coagulation utilizing thromboelastometry in dogs undergoing orthopedic surgery
Authors: Bruno Barbara , Maurella Cristiana , Falco Sara , Tarducci Alberto , Zanatta Renato , Gianella Paola , D'Angelo Antonio , Piras Lisa , Di Bella Andrea , Borrelli Antonio 
Published: April 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate blood coagulation using thromboelastometry in dogs following orthopedic surgery.DesignLongitudinal observational study.SettingUniversity veterinary teaching hospital.AnimalsThirty‐four adult client‐owned dogs.Measurements and Main ResultsDogs undergoing elective or emergency orthopedic surgery had whole blood collected before (T0), at 24 hours (T1), and 1 week (T2) after surgery. Whole blood from each dog was collected by jugular venipuncture using a 20‐Ga needle and minimum venous stasis. The blood was placed into tubes containing 3.8% trisodium citrate (1 part citrate: 9 parts blood) and rested at 37°C. Coagulation was evaluated by means of thromboelastometry using the in‐TEM, ex‐TEM, and fib‐TEM assays. Statistically significant increases (P < 0.05) in maximum clot firmness (MCF) from T0 to T1 in the in‐TEM and fib‐TEM profiles (both P = 0.0001), from T0 to T2 in the in‐TEM, ex‐TEM, and fib‐TEM profiles (P = 0.012, P = 0.037, and P = 0.0001, respectively), and from T1 to T2 in the fib‐TEM profile (P = 0.039) were noted. The α angle increased from T0 to T2 in the in‐TEM and ex‐TEM profiles (P = 0.019 and P = 0.036, respectively). All results were, however, within the institutional reference ranges.ConclusionsIn this study, unlike the hypercoagulability observed in human orthopedic patients, a hypercoagulable state as measured by thromboelastometry did not develop in dogs following orthopedic surgery.
Pain following blood donation: a questionnaire study of long‐term morbidity (LTM) in blood donors
Authors: Sørensen B. S. , Jørgensen J. , Jensen T. S. , Finnerup N. B. 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundNerve injury is a main cause of long‐term morbidity following blood donation, but little is known about symptoms, impact, prognosis and underlying cause.Materials and MethodsA questionnaire, designed to characterize pain and estimate the prevalence of neuropathic pain, was sent to all blood donors registered with a complication related to 3 297 674 blood donations in Denmark from 2000–2009, with a local complication mainly characterized by pain, with severity grade ‘long‐term morbidity’ and imputability grade ‘definite’ or ‘probably’.ResultsThe questionnaire was sent to 152 donors (4·6 per 100 000 donations). Response rate was 88/152 (57·9%). At the time of the questionnaire, which was between 12 months and 10 years after the blood donation, 69/88, who responded (78·4%) still experienced symptoms. Of the 69 donors with persistent symptom, pain occurred in 51 donors (74%) was moderate to severe in 24/69 donors (35%) and had an impact on daily activity in 17/69 (25%). Neuropathic pain was estimated to be the underlying cause of symptom in 30–52% of the 69 donors with persistent symptoms, using three different systems for estimation, corresponding to 0·6–1·1/100 000 donations.DiscussionAlthough a rare complication, nerve injury after blood donation may lead to long‐term morbidity and may become chronic in a small proportion of donors. The most common symptoms are pain, and we estimate that neuropathic pain can be the underlying cause.
Thawed and liquid plasma – what do we know?
Authors: Cardigan R. , Green L. 
Published: April 2015

There is increasing interest in the use of liquid or frozen plasma thawed and stored for extended periods (>24 h) to reduce wastage and to improve rapid availability of plasma in massive transfusion protocols advocating the early use of plasma in trauma by some centres. There is now a body of studies that have assessed individual coagulation factors during storage of thawed plasma. These show that factor VIII (FVIII) is the worst affected factor and that its activity is mainly lost during the first 24 h following thawing. However, for most factors studied, there is a continual decline during further storage. The few studies that have assessed thrombin generation in thawed plasma have shown variable results. Extended storage of plasma is associated with an increase in levels of DEHP in the component and could theoretically increase the risk of bacterial contamination, although the latter does not appear to have been an issue in countries that have adopted the use of thawed plasma. There are no clinical studies relating to the efficacy of extended‐thawed plasma, and therefore, the potential reduction in its efficacy must be balanced with the clinical need for the component.
Noninvasive imaging technologies for cutaneous wound assessment: A review
Authors: Paul Dereck W. , Ghassemi Pejhman , Ramella‐Roman Jessica C. , Prindeze Nicholas J. , Moffatt Lauren T. , Alkhalil Abdulnaser , Shupp Jeffrey W. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe ability to phenotype wounds for the purposes of assessing severity, healing potential and treatment is an important function of evidence‐based medicine. A variety of optical technologies are currently in development for noninvasive wound assessment. To varying extents, these optical technologies have the potential to supplement traditional clinical wound evaluation and research, by providing detailed information regarding skin components imperceptible to visual inspection. These assessments are achieved through quantitative optical analysis of tissue characteristics including blood flow, collagen remodeling, hemoglobin content, inflammation, temperature, vascular structure, and water content. Technologies that have, to this date, been applied to wound assessment include: near infrared imaging, thermal imaging, optical coherence tomography, orthogonal polarization spectral imaging, fluorescence imaging, laser Doppler imaging, microscopy, spatial frequency domain imaging, photoacoustic detection, and spectral/hyperspectral imaging. We present a review of the technologies in use or development for these purposes with three aims: (1) providing basic explanations of imaging technology concepts, (2) reviewing the wound imaging literature, and (3) providing insight into areas for further application and exploration. Noninvasive imaging is a promising advancement in wound assessment and all technologies require further validation.