bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic review and critical appraisal of the impact of acellular dermal matrix use on the outcomes of implant-based breast reconstruction
Authors: Potter S , Browning D , Savović J , Holcombe C , Blazeby J M 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

Background
Acellular dermal matrix (ADM) may improve outcomes in implant-based breast reconstruction (IBBR). The aim of this study was critically to appraise and evaluate the current evidence for ADM-assisted IBBR.

Methods
Comprehensive electronic searches identified complete papers published in English between January 2000 and August 2013, reporting any outcome of ADM-assisted IBBR. All systematic reviews, randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and non-randomized studies (NRSs) with more than 20 ADM recipients were included. Studies were critically appraised using AMSTAR for systematic reviews, the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for RCTs and its adaptation for NRSs. Characteristics and results of identified studies were summarized.

Results
A total of 69 papers (8 systematic reviews, 1 RCT, 40 comparative studies and 20 case series) were identified, all of which were considered at high risk of bias, mostly due to patient selection and selective outcome reporting. The median ADM group sample size was 51.0 (i.q.r. 33.0–127.0). Most studies were single-centre (54), and they were often single-surgeon (16). ADM was most commonly used for immediate (40) two-stage IBBR (36) using human ADM (47), with few studies evaluating ADM-assisted single-stage procedures (10). All reported clinical outcomes (for example implant loss) and more than half of the papers (33) assessed process outcomes, but few evaluated cosmesis (16) or patient-reported outcomes (10). Heterogeneity between study design and, especially, outcome measurement precluded meaningful data synthesis.

Conclusion
Current evidence for the value of ADMs in IBBR is limited. Use in practice should therefore be considered experimental, and evaluation within registries or well designed and conducted studies, ideally RCTs, is recommended to prevent widespread adoption of a potentially inferior intervention.
Mechanistic Analysis of an Engineered Enzyme that Catalyzes the Formose Reaction
Authors: Poust Sean , Piety James , Bar‐Even Arren , Louw Catherine , Baker David , Keasling Jay D. , Siegel Justin B. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAn enzyme that catalyzes the formose reaction, termed “formolase”, was recently engineered through a combination of computational protein design and directed evolution. We have investigated the kinetic role of the computationally designed residues and further characterized the enzyme's product profile. Kinetic studies illustrated that the computationally designed mutations were synergistic in their contributions towards enhancing activity. Mass spectrometry revealed that the engineered enzyme produces two products of the formose reaction—dihydroxyacetone and glycolaldehyde—with the product profile dependent on the formaldehyde concentration. We further explored the effects of this product profile on the thermodynamics and yield of the overall carbon assimilation from the formolase pathway to help guide future efforts to engineer this pathway.
P‐Type Photochromism of New Helical Naphthopyrans: Synthesis and Photochemical, Photophysical and Theoretical Study
Authors: Frigoli Michel , Marrot Jérôme , Gentili Pier Luigi , Jacquemin Denis , Vagnini Manuela , Pannacci Danilo , Ortica Fausto 
Published: June 2015

AbstractTwo novel helical naphthopyrans have been synthesised. The helical scaffold has the interesting effect of increasing the thermal stability of the transoid‐trans (TT) open isomer formed upon UV irradiation of the closed form (CF), which transforms these naphthopyrans from thermal to photochemical photochromes. The photochromic performance is excellent in both polar and apolar solvents and the conversion percentage from the CF to the TT form can be as high as 92.8 %. We propose a new method to determine the quantum yields of the photochemical processes that lead to transoid‐cis (TC) and TT isomers, and their molar absorption coefficients. The thermal stability of the TT and TC isomers has been studied in different solvents. The quantum yields of fluorescence before and after irradiation, along with the decay lifetimes, have also been measured. TD‐DFT calculations have been performed to determine the relative thermodynamic stability of the species involved in the photochromic mechanism and to rationalise their spectral properties.
Ba2B6O11, a Member of the BaO‐B2O3 Family, Featuring a Layer Framework
Authors: Liu Lili , Yang Yun , Dong Xiaoyu , Lei Chen , Han Shujuan , Pan Shilie 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBa2B6O11, a new member of the BaO‐B2O3 family, has been found and features a layered structure. The single‐crystal X‐ray structural analysis revealed that Ba2B6O11 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c. The parameters of the monoclinic unit cell are a = 9.115(1), b = 7.773(1), c = 12.696(2) Å, β = 100.325(9)°, and Z = 4. The new centrosymmetric alkaline earth metal borate, Ba2B6O11, is characterized by a 2D B–O framework composed of the basic building block (B6O14) with the Ba2+ cations filling the channels formed by the (B6O14) units or located between the (B6O10)∞ layers. Ba2B6O11 has a short cut‐off edge of 240 nm. Based on a theoretical calculation, it has been proven that Ba2B6O11 has a birefringence of 0.04 and a relatively large indirect band gap of 4.94 eV, which is close to the experimental value of 5.17 eV. Its structure is discussed in terms of the B–O framework and dimensional reduction formalism together with the other structures reported in the BaO‐B2O3 phase diagram.
Camelina oil as a source of polyunsaturated fatty acids for the production of human milk fat substitutes catalyzed by a heterologous Rhizopus oryzae lipase
Authors: Faustino Ana Rita , Osório Natália M. , Tecelão Carla , Canet Albert , Valero Francisco , Ferreira‐Dias Suzana 
Published: June 2015

This study aims to produce human milk fat substitutes (HMFS) rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), mainly the essential omega‐3 linolenic acid, by acidolysis reaction between tripalmitin (PPP) and free fatty acids (FFA) from camelina oil, in stirred batch reactor and solvent‐free media. The non‐commercial heterologous Rhizopus oryzae lipase (rROL), immobilized on Lewatit VP OC 1600 or on Relizyme OD403/S, and the immobilized commercial lipase from Rhizomucor miehei (Lipozyme RM IM) were tested as biocatalysts. Both lipases are sn‐1,3 selective. After 24 h reaction at 60°C, using biocatalyst loads of 5 wt% (in relation to tripalmitin), 48.9, 43.6, and 18.3 mol% of fatty acid incorporation in triacylglycerols (TAG) were obtained with Lipozyme RM IM and rROL immobilized on Lewatit or on Relizyme, respectively. rROL immobilized on Lewatit was selected as biocatalyst for the acidolysis, as alternative to the commercial immobilized lipases. With this biocatalyst, the molar incorporation increased with its initial water activity (0.55–0.95). Modeling acidolysis catalyzed by rROL immobilized on Lewatit was performed by response surface methodology, as a function of temperature (58–72°C) and molar ratio FFA:PPP (1.2:1–6.8:1). The highest PPP consumption was achieved at 60°C with a molar ratio of 2:1. The yield of HMFS (new TAG) increased from 42.6 wt% (5% biocatalyst load) to 52% with 8% load, after 24 h acidolysis.Practical applications: Camelina oil showed to be a good source of PUFA, mainly essential fatty acids, to incorporate in HMFS. After 24 h acidolysis under optimized conditions, catalyzed by the non‐commercial sn‐1,3 regioselective rROL immobilized on Lewatit VP OC 1600, the TAG fraction contains 67.7 mol% of palmitic acid at position 2. These structured lipids rich in PUFA can be used in blends with 1,3‐dioleoyl‐2‐palmitoyl‐glycerol (OPO) in order to mimic the human milk fat. The performance of this biocatalyst was comparable to that observed with Lipozyme RM IM. The replacement of high‐cost commercial immobilized lipases by rROL immobilized on Lewatit may reduce the biocatalyst cost. In addition, since the best molar ratio FFA:PPP for rROL is 2:1, i.e., the stoichiometric value for the acidolysis catalyzed by sn‐1,3 regioselective lipases, the use of this biocatalyst will reduce downstream costs related with unconverted FFA recovery.The performance of rROL immobilized on Lewatit VPOC 1600 is comparable to that of Lipozyme RM IM. After 24 h acidolysis, under optimized conditions, triacylglycerols contain 67.8 mol% palmitic acid at position‐2.
Quality control of refined oils mixed with palm oil during repeated deep‐frying using FT‐NIRS, GC, HPLC, and multivariate analysis
Authors: Zribi Akram , Jabeur Hazem , Matthäus Bertrand , Bouaziz Mohamed 
Published: June 2015

Frying performance of blends of a monounsaturated oil like refined olive oil (ROO) or a polyunsaturated oil such as refined soybean oil (RSO) with a refined oil rich in saturated fatty acids like refined palm oil (RPO) was investigated by assessing their chemical changes during 50 successive deep‐frying sessions of potato fries at 180°C. The blends were prepared in the volume ratio of 80:20 (ROO/RPO and RSO/RPO). Indeed, the chemical properties of the frying oil blends were significantly (p < 0.05) influenced by type and concentration of oil compounds. The ROO/RPO blend exhibited the highest chemical stability during the frying process, and the RSO/RPO blend showed the lowest stability. In fact, 25% of total polar compounds were exceeded after 40 successive deep‐frying sessions for the ROO/RPO blend, whereas after 30 sessions for the RSO/RPO blend. Finally, ROO/RPO blend revealed better frying performance than that of RSO/RPO, as confirmed by both statistical analyses such as principal component analysis (PCA) and repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA).Practical applications: The use of the newly proposed product which is characterized by a strong thermo‐oxidative stability during repeated deep‐frying like refined olive oil (ROO)/refined palm oil (RPO) blend is a promising possibility. It is hoped that the data obtained from this research study may help food manufacturers to decide on the suitable oils for their frying operations.Application of FT‐NIRS, GC, HPLC, and multivariate analysis proved that the newly proposed product ROO/RPO blend characterized by a strong thermo‐oxidative stability is a suitable oil for frying operations.
CF3‐Carbenoid C–H Functionalization of (Hetero)arenes under Chelation‐Controlled RhIII Catalysis
Authors: Iagafarova Irina E. , Vorobyeva Daria V. , Peregudov Alexander S. , Osipov Sergey N. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAn efficient method for the CF3‐carbenoid C–H functionalization of benzenes and indoles using readily available methyl 3,3,3‐trifluoro‐2‐diazopropionate as a cross‐coupling partner under chelation‐controlled RhIII catalysis has been developed. The reactions proceeded smoothly with high regioselectivity in a few hours and allowed the simultaneous introduction of CF3 and carboxylate functions into the 2‐position of directing‐group‐containing benzenes and indoles.
Synthesis of N‐Acyl‐N,O‐acetals from Aldehydes, Amides and Alcohols
Authors: Halli Juliette , Hofman Kamil , Beisel Tamara , Manolikakes Georg 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA general synthesis of N‐acyl‐N,O‐acetals from aldehydes, amides and alcohols is reported. This new method consists of two single steps: (a) magnesium‐mediated addition of an amide or carbamate to an aldehyde and (b) acid‐catalyzed conversion of the N‐acylhemiaminal to the N‐acyl‐N,O‐acetal. This two‐step protocol allows the multigram synthesis of various N‐acyl‐O‐alkyl‐N,O‐acetals.
Perfusion shift from white to gray matter may account for processing speed deficits in schizophrenia
Authors: Wright Susan N. , Hong L. Elliot , Winkler Anderson M. , Chiappelli Joshua , Nugent Katie , Muellerklein Florian , Du Xioming , Rowland Laura M. , Wang Danny J. J. , Kochunov Peter 
Published: June 2015

AbstractReduced speed of cerebral information processing is a cognitive deficit associated with schizophrenia. Normal information processing speed (PS) requires intact white matter (WM) physiology to support information transfer. In a cohort of 107 subjects (47/60 patients/controls), we demonstrate that PS deficits in schizophrenia patients are explained by reduced WM integrity, which is measured using diffusion tensor imaging, mediated by the mismatch in WM/gray matter blood perfusion, and measured using arterial spin labeling. Our findings are specific to PS, and testing this hypothesis for patient‐control differences in working memory produces no explanation. We demonstrate that PS deficits in schizophrenia can be explained by neurophysiological alterations in cerebral WM. Whether the disproportionately low WM integrity in schizophrenia is due to illness or secondary due to this disorder deserves further examination. Hum Brain Mapp 36:3793–3804, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Differential associations of age with volume and microstructure of hippocampal subfields in healthy older adults
Authors: Wolf Dominik , Fischer Florian U. , de Flores Robin , Chételat Gaël , Fellgiebel Andreas 
Published: June 2015

AbstractHippocampal atrophy in advanced healthy aging has frequently been reported. However, the vulnerability of different hippocampal subfields to age‐related atrophy is still a source of debate. Moreover, the association of age with the microstructural integrity of subfields is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the associations between age and volume as well as microstructural integrity of hippocampal subfields using a three‐dimensional (3D) surface mapping approach. Forty‐three healthy older adults spanning the age range from 60 to 85 years underwent T1‐weighted and diffusion‐tensor imaging. Analyses demonstrated an association of age with hippocampal volume predominantly in the most anterior part of the hippocampal head, mainly corresponding to the subiculum. In contrast, the association of age with hippocampal microstructural integrity was mainly confined to regions located in the hippocampal body and tail, corresponding to the subiculum and CA1. Results indicate that age‐related volumetric and microstructural alterations within hippocampal subfields provide complementary information and reflect different age‐related processes. Potential mechanisms underlying the differential associations of age with volume and microstructure of hippocampal subfields are discussed. Hum Brain Mapp 36:3819–3831, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Microtubule‐associated proteins as direct crosslinkers of actin filaments and microtubules
Authors: Mohan Renu , John Annie 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe cytoskeletal polymers—actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments—are interlinked by coordinated protein interactions to form a complex three‐dimensional cytoskeletal network. Association of actin filaments with microtubules is important for various cellular processes such as cell division, migration, vesicle and organelle transport, and axonal growth. Several proteins including signaling molecules, motor proteins, and proteins directly or indirectly associated with microtubules and actin are involved in bridging the cytoskeletal components. Microtubule‐associated proteins (MAPs) belonging to the MAP1, 2, 4 family and Tau proteins have been identified as key players that directly crosslink the two cytoskeletons. This review summarizes the current understanding of the interactions of these MAPs with actin filaments and their role in forming the actin–microtubule network and further discusses how the in vitro reconstitution assays can be used to study the dynamics of coordinated networks. Understanding the mechanisms by which actin and microtubules interact is key to decipher cancer, wound healing, and neuronal regeneration. © 2015 IUBMB Life, 67(6):395–403, 2015
Differential sensitivity of lipegfilgrastim and pegfilgrastim to neutrophil elastase correlates with differences in clinical pharmacokinetic profile
Authors: Abdolzade‐Bavil Afsaneh , von Kerczek Aaron , Cooksey Bridget A. , Kaufman Thomas , Krasney Philip A. , Pukac Laurie , Görlach Matthias , Lammerich Andreas , Scheckermann Christian , Allgaier Hermann , Shen Wenyan David , Liu Patrick M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractTo assess the basis of the different half‐lives of long‐acting human granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) drugs, the effect of neutrophil elastase on lipegfilgrastim and pegfilgrastim was investigated. Sensitivity to human neutrophil elastase (HNE) was evaluated by incubating the drugs with HNE followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE). Drugs were also incubated with isolated human neutrophils followed by Western blot analysis. Lipegfilgrastim was more resistant to degradation with HNE or neutrophils than pegfilgrastim and appeared more intact on SDS‐PAGE gels and Western blots. Lipegfilgrastim retained more functional activity than pegfilgrastim after incubation with HNE (67% vs ∼9%, respectively) or neutrophils (80% vs ∼4%, respectively) as assessed in an NFS‐60 cell–based [3H]‐thymidine incorporation assay. The binding and affinity of untreated lipegfilgrastim and pegfilgrastim for G‐CSF receptors were evaluated using an NFS‐60 competitive G‐CSF receptor‐binding assay and surface plasmon resonance. Untreated drugs were also evaluated in the functional NFS‐60 thymidine incorporation assay. G‐CSF receptor binding, receptor affinity, and functional activity were comparable between untreated drugs. The results showed a greater resistance to neutrophil elastase degradation and concomitant retention of functional activity of lipegfilgrastim compared with pegfilgrastim, which potentially explains the clinical observations of a longer half‐life of lipegfilgrastim versus pegfilgrastim.
A clip‐based protocol for breast boost radiotherapy provides clear target visualisation and demonstrates significant volume reduction over time
Authors: Lewis Lorraine , Cox Jennifer , Morgia Marita , Atyeo John , Lamoury Gillian 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIntroductionThe clinical target volume (CTV) for early stage breast cancer is difficult to clearly identify on planning computed tomography (CT) scans. Surgical clips inserted around the tumour bed should help to identify the CTV, particularly if the seroma has been reabsorbed, and enable tracking of CTV changes over time.MethodsA surgical clip‐based CTV delineation protocol was introduced. CTV visibility and its post‐operative shrinkage pattern were assessed. The subjects were 27 early stage breast cancer patients receiving post‐operative radiotherapy alone and 15 receiving post‐operative chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy. The radiotherapy alone (RT/alone) group received a CT scan at median 25 days post‐operatively (CT1rt) and another at 40 Gy, median 68 days (CT2rt). The chemotherapy/RT group (chemo/RT) received a CT scan at median 18 days post‐operatively (CT1ch), a planning CT scan at median 126 days (CT2ch), and another at 40 Gy (CT3ch).ResultsThere was no significant difference (P = 0.08) between the initial mean CTV for each cohort. The RT/alone cohort showed significant CTV volume reduction of 38.4% (P = 0.01) at 40 Gy. The Chemo/RT cohort had significantly reduced volumes between CT1ch: median 54 cm3 (4–118) and CT2ch: median 16 cm3, (2–99), (P = 0.01), but no significant volume reduction thereafter.ConclusionSurgical clips enable localisation of the post‐surgical seroma for radiotherapy targeting. Most seroma shrinkage occurs early, enabling CT treatment planning to take place at 7 weeks, which is within the 9 weeks recommended to limit disease recurrence.
Handgrip strength and dysphagia assessment following cardiac surgery
Authors: Hathaway Bridget , Baumann Brooke , Byers Sara , Wasserman‐Wincko Tamara , Badhwar Vinay , Johnson Jonas 
Published: June 2015

Objectives/HypothesisProlonged intubation has been recognized as a risk factor for dysphagia following cardiac surgery. We conducted a study to determine whether those patients intubated longer than 12 hours following cardiac surgery exhibit low handgrip strength and if dysphagia is prevalent in those with low handgrip strength.Study DesignFeasibility study.MethodsPatients intubated more than 12 hours after cardiac surgery were enrolled. Handgrip strength was measured. If subjects were found to have low grip strength they underwent clinical swallowing exam by a speech‐language pathologist followed by modified barium swallow (MBS) to assess for dysphagia. Severity of dysphagia was assessed with the Penetration‐Aspiration Scale (PAS) and need for diet modification.ResultsEighty‐six percent (12/14) of patients tested had low handgrip strength. Eight patients with low grip strength completed the bedside swallowing exam and MBS. Four of the eight patients (50%) had deep laryngeal penetration (PAS scores 4–5) on MBS and three (38%) patients were found to have silent aspiration (PAS 8). The findings on MBS resulted in the recommendation of a swallowing strategy and/or modified diet for six of the eight (80%) patients. Nonoral feedings were recommended for two patients (25%) based on MBS results.ConclusionsA majority of patients intubated >12 hours after cardiac surgery exhibit low handgrip strength. Dysphagia is prevalent among those with low handgrip strength. The role of frailty measures in screening for dysphagia deserves further investigation.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 125:2330–2332, 2015
Differences in survival outcome between stage I and stage II glottic cancer: A SEER‐based analysis
Authors: Chen Jonathan J. , Stessin Alexander , Christos Paul , Wernicke A. Gabriella , Nori Dattatreyudu , Parashar Bhupesh 
Published: June 2015

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the cause‐specific survival (CSS) of stage I (tumor [T]1 node [N]0 metastasis [M]0) versus stage II (T2N0M0) glottic cancer in a large population cohort.Study DesignWe analyzed data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 18 database from 1973 to 2009, comprising patients diagnosed with T1N0M0 or T2N0M0 squamous cell glottic cancer. Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis, multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, and competing‐risks survival regression were used for statistical analysis.ResultsThere were 4,422 patients who met all inclusion criteria. The 36‐month CSS was 93.9% for stage I verus 86.5% for stage II, with P < 0.0001. Stage II status conferred a 2.494 hazard ratio for increased risk of cause‐specific death compared to stage I.ConclusionsStage II glottic cancers have a significantly worse prognosis and may need a different approach to management than stage I tumors.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 125:2093–2098, 2015