bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Pharmacokinetic Interaction Between the β3‐Adrenoceptor Agonist Mirabegron and the Muscarinic Receptor Antagonist Solifenacin In Healthy Subjects
Authors: Krauwinkel Walter J. J. , Kerbusch Virginie M. M. , Meijer John , Tretter Reiner , Strabach Gregory , Van Gelderen E. Marcel 
Published: May 2013

AbstractMirabegron, a selective β3‐adrenoceptor agonist, is approved for the treatment of overactive bladder (OAB). Solifenacin is a muscarinic receptor antagonist widely used in the treatment of OAB. This open‐label, 1‐sequence, 2‐arm study investigated whether any pharmacokinetic interaction exists between mirabegron and solifenacin. In arm 1, 21 healthy men and women received 10 mg solifenacin succinate alone and in combination with mirabegron 100 mg qd. In arm 2, 20 healthy men and women received 100 mg mirabegron alone and in combination with solifenacin succinate 10 mg qd. Plasma samples were collected and tolerability was assessed. Following coadministration of mirabegron and solifenacin in arm 1, solifenacin geometric mean ratios (90% confidence interval [CI]) for Cmax and AUCinf were 1.23 (1.15, 1.31) and 1.26 (1.17, 1.35), respectively, compared with solifenacin alone, with a 1.07‐fold increase in mean t1/2. In arm 2, mirabegron ratios (90% CI) for Cmax and AUCinf were 0.99 (0.78, 1.26) and 1.15 (1.01, 1.30), respectively, for the combination relative to mirabegron alone, with an increase in mean tmax of approximately 1 hour. Mirabegron or solifenacin alone or in combination was generally well tolerated.
Chitosan‐Cross‐linked Osmium Polymer Composites as an Efficient Platform for Electrochemical Biosensors
Authors: Jirimali Harishchandra Digambar , Nagarale Rajaram Krishna , Lee Jong Myung , Saravanakumar Durai , Shin Woonsup 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA new family of chitosan‐cross‐linked osmium polymer composites was prepared and its electrochemical properties were examined. The composites were prepared by quaternization of the poly(4‐vinylpyridine) osmium bipyridyl polymer (PVP‐Os) which was then cross‐linked with chitosan, yielding PVP‐Os/chitosan. Films made of the composites showed improved mass and electron transport owing to the porous and hydrophilic structure which is derived from the cross‐links between the Os polymer and chitosan. The rate for glucose oxidation was enhanced four times when glucose oxidase (GOx) was immobilized on PVP‐Os/chitosan compared immobilization on PVP‐Os.
Influence of Polarization Phenomena on Radial Distribution Function of Dust Particles
Authors: Erimbetova L. T. , Davletov A. E. , Kudyshev Zh. A. , Mukhametkarimov Ye. S. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA pseudopotential model of intergrain interaction in dusty plasmas is proposed to take into account both the electrostatic polarization and the screening phenomena. The derivation is entirely based on the renormalization theory of plasma particles interaction developed previously. Dust particles are assumed to be conductive such that the polarization phenomenon can strictly be treated in the charge‐image approximation. Such an assumption imposes no restraint on generality of the present consideration because the polarization effects are essential for accurate description of intergrain interaction potential. The pseudopotential model is then used in the hypernetted chain approximation (HNC) for the dust component to obtain the radial distribution function which reveals the non‐monotonic behavior at sufficiently large values of the dust coupling parameter. This can be viewed upon as a short‐ or even long‐range order formation in the dust component of the plasma. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Thermodynamic Properties and Electrical Conductivity of Water Plasma
Authors: Chung K. J. , Hwang Y. S. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractComposition, thermodynamic properties, and electrical conductivity of water plasma are calculated under the assumption of thermodynamic equilibrium. The plasma composition is calculated by stoichiometric approach in which chemical reactions and multiple ionizations are formulated by following mass action law and Saha's equation, respectively. Correction for weakly non‐ideal behavior at high density regime is conducted using the Debye‐Hückel theory. Based on the calculated composition, the electrical conductivities of water plasma, which is the most important parameter for various applications of pulsed spark discharges in water, are calculated at various mass densities and temperatures with the consideration of both electron‐neutral and electron‐ion collisions. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electron Screening Effect on Stellar Thermonuclear Fusion
Authors: Potekhin A. Y. , Chabrier G. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe study the impact of plasma correlation effects on nonresonant thermonuclear reactions for various stellar objects, namely in the liquid envelopes of neutron stars, and the interiors of white dwarfs, low‐mass stars, and substellar objects. We examine in particular the effect of electron screening on the enhancement of thermonuclear reactions in dense plasmas within and beyond the linear mixing rule approximation as well as the corrections due to quantum effects at high density. In addition, we examine some recent unconventional theoretical results on stellar thermonuclear fusions and show that these scenarios do not apply to stellar conditions. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Spatially Resolved Electronic Correlations in Nanoclusters
Authors: Winkel M. , Gibbon P. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractRecent experimental developments in the creation and diagnostic probing of metallic nanoclusters has made it possible to explore their interaction with electromagnetic radiation, thus revealing information on their electronic properties. Free electrons inside such clusters occupy a very small volume so their characteristics may exhibit significant differences to bulk matter in a similar thermodynamic state. Using high‐resolution molecular dynamics simulation, we study electronic correlations of laser‐excited, sodium‐like nanoclusters. To cover a broad range from nano‐ to microscale, the momentum autocorrelation function is evaluated for systems ranging from 150 to more than half a million electrons. The Coulomb force computation is accelerated by utilizing the parallel Barnes‐Hut tree code PEPC. Complex electronic resonances are found for finite‐sized clusters which do not appear in bulk systems. Analysis of these oscillation modes with a new diagnostic technique show that these are located in different spatial regions within the clusters. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optical Properties of Kelbg‐Pseudopotential‐Modelled Plasmas
Authors: Arkhipov Yu. V. , Ashikbayeva A. B. , Askaruly A. , Davletov A. E. , Tkachenko I. M. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractSimulation data on hydrogen‐like plasmas, modelled with the Kelbg pseudopotential, are treated within the classical theory of moments. The possibility is analyzed for the model inverse dielectric function to satisfy five convergent sum rules and other exact relations. The sum rules are the power frequency moments of the loss function and the latter are calculated using the hypernetted chain approximation with the Kelbg interaction potential. An approach to the reconstruction of the Nevanlinna parameter function is proposed and successfully tested against the simulation data. Conclusions on the applicability of the Kelbg potential are drawn and a model is put forward to define the Coulomb dielectric function with the space dispersion taken into account. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Comparative Study on Ion‐Dynamics for Broadening of Lyman Lines in Dense Hydrogen Plasmas
Authors: Lorenzen S. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBroadening of spectral lines by a plasma surrounding can be used for plasma diagnostics. Full hydrogen Lyman line profiles are calculated with a quantum‐statistical approach. The effects of plasma electrons and ions on the emitter states are considered separately. The influence of electrons is considered in a dynamically screened Born approximation (collision approximation). For the ions, we apply the quasi‐static approximation and two different approaches to account for ion‐dynamics, namely, the model microfield method (MMM) and the frequency fluctuation model (FFM). We compare resulting widths of Lyman lines in the temperature range T = 104 to 107 K and the free electron density range ne = 1023 to 1026 m–3. For Lα, the error made by neglecting ion‐dynamics increases with increasing temperature and decreasing density, and is at least –15%. Due to the double peaked structure of Lβ the situation is less systematic. However, a large region exists, where ion‐dynamics does not affect the line shape of Lβ. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Diagnostics of Dusty Plasma in RF Discharge by Two Different Methods
Authors: Orazbayev S.A. , Muratov M.M. , Ramazanov T.S. , Dosbolayev M.K. , Silamiya M. , Jumagulov M. N. , Boufendi L. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis work consists of two parts. First part describes the results of optical spectral diagnostics of dusty plasma of carbonaceous gas mixtures in radio frequency discharge. The change in the emission spectrum of the plasma of mixture of argon and methane with introducing of the dust particles was observed. It was explained by the change in the electron temperature. The same effect was observed in other gases: argon, argon‐hydrogen mixture. The second part is about diagnostics of buffer plasma parameters on the basis of dust structure characteristics obtained in the experiments. The possibility of diagnostics of buffer plasma on the basis of experimental data of microscopic characteristics was shown. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electron Transport Mediated by Nonlinear Excitations in Atomic Layers
Authors: Chetverikov A. P. , Ebeling W. , Röpke G. , Velarde M. G. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe study the quantum dynamics in tight‐binding approximation (TBA) of an electron interacting with a classical nonlinear lattice of atoms. By computer simulations we show the existence of fast and nearly loss‐free motions of electrons along crystallographic axes of a two‐dimensional dynamic triangular lattice. Moving bound states between electrons and lattice solitons are formed. These so‐called solectrons allow to transfer charge which initially is localized at certain site to a different place along the same crystallographic axis, with negligible spreading of probability density. The relation to experimental findings about controlling electrons by surface acoustic waves (SAW) in piezoelectric materials is pointed out. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Characterizing the Structure of Giant Planets
Authors: Fortney J. J. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAdvances in understanding the structure of giant planets are happening quickly on multiple fronts. New first‐principles equations of state calculations and cutting edge experiments for hydrogen, helium, water, and other planetary materials, are dramatically changing our view of the interior structure and thermal evolution of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. The field of transiting exoplanets has led to the addition of over 200 giant planets that can be studied is some detail, as their masses, radii, and bulk densities can be measured. This opens up the possibility of comparing and contrasting our own giant planets to these exoplanets, to better understand giant plants as a class of astrophysical object. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Size Dependence of Minimum Charge of Excited Nano‐Plasmas
Authors: Reinholz H. , Broda I.A.M. , Raitza T. , Röpke G. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe charge of ionized metal clusters is investigated at high temperatures. Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations are applied to describe the particle motion. While the electrons are treated as separate particles, the interaction with the ion cores is described as an external jellium potential. The final cluster charge is determined by classifying the particles into free and bound electrons. A relation between the cluster charge and cluster sizes as well as temperatures is derived from MD simulations and simple kinetic model calculations. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Modeling of Precursors for Atomic Layer Deposition of Magnesium and Calcium Oxide
Authors: Kazadojev Ivan , Otway David J. , Elliott Simon D. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe present a study of magnesium and calcium precursor molecules in order to predict which of them would be more successful in atomic layer deposition (ALD) of metal oxides. Precursor chemistry plays a key role in ALD, since precursors must be volatile, thermally stable, chemisorb on the surface, and react rapidly with existing surface groups. We investigate one aspect of this, surface reactivity between ligands and hydroxyl groups, via a gas‐phase model with energetics computed at the level of density functional theory (DFT). The precursors with higher reactivity towards hydrolysis (and thus most potentially useful for ALD) are M(bae), M(Ph‐nacnac)2, and M(tmtate), which is rationalized as due to strain, particularly in the cyclic ligands bae and tmtate. Calculated trends for Mg and Ca follow each other closely, reflecting the similar chemistry among group 2 metals.
Atomic Layer Deposition of LiF Thin Films from Lithd and TiF4 Precursors
Authors: Mäntymäki Miia , Hämäläinen Jani , Puukilainen Esa , Munnik Frans , Ritala Mikko , Leskelä Markku 
Published: May 2013

AbstractLithium fluoride (LiF) is an important optical material with a low refractive index and a large band gap. In this study, thin films of LiF are deposited using atomic layer deposition (ALD). Lithd and TiF4 are used as precursors, and they produce crystalline LiF in the temperature range 250–350 °C. The films are studied with UV‐Vis spectrometry, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and elastic recoil detection analysis (ERDA). Adhesion of the films is tested by a Scotch tape test. This ALD process results in LiF films with a growth rate of approximately 1 Å per cycle at 325 °C. According to ERDA measurements, the films are pure LiF with only small O, C, and H impurities.
Atmospheric Pressure Plasma ALD of Titanium Oxide
Authors: Theirich Detlef , Müller Roman , Zilberberg Kirill , Trost Sara , Behrendt Andreas , Riedl Thomas 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAtmospheric‐pressure plasma atomic layer deposition (APP‐ALD) of TiOx at room temperature is reported for the first time. Layer properties of the APP‐ALD‐grown TiOx are compared to those reported for the low‐pressure plasma ALD of TiOx. The contribution of parasitic CVD to the process is discussed. The application of the resulting TiOx layers as electron‐extraction interlayers in inverted organic solar cells (OSCs) is demonstrated. The characteristics of OSCs based on APP‐ALD‐grown TiOx are similar to those of OSCs based on TiOx prepared by low‐pressure thermal ALD or sol‐gel processing. APP‐ALD is intended to harvest the beneficial properties of ALD layers in a high‐throughput atmospheric processing environment.
Organic‐Inorganic Hybrid Nano‐laminates Fabricated by Ozone‐assisted Molecular‐atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: Huang Jie , Lee Mingun , Lucero Antonio , Kim Jiyoung 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn this study, we investigate 7‐octenytrichlorosilane (7‐OTS) multilayers and relevant organic‐inorganic hybrid nano‐laminates fabricated using ozone (O3) based molecular‐atomic layer deposition (MALD). Highly concentrated O3 gas introduced into the MALD chamber converts alkene (CC) terminal groups of 7‐OTS molecules into carboxylic (COOH) groups. Trimethyl‐aluminum (TMA) is applied to form a linker to construct multilayers of the OTS molecules. Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and zinc oxide (ZnO) are embedded between the organic layers to form an organic‐inorganic hybrid nano‐laminate structure. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), water contact angle measurement, ellipsometry, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are used to elucidate the growth mechanism.
Antinociceptive Activity of Metamizol Metabolites in a Rat Model of Arthritic Pain
Authors: López‐Muñoz Francisco Javier , Soria‐Arteche Olivia , López José Raúl Medina , Hurtado y de la Peña Marcela , García Ma. Concepción Lozada , Moreno‐Rocha Luis Alfonso , Domínguez‐Ramírez Adriana Miriam 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Preclinical Research

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antinociceptive activity of the main metamizol (MET) metabolites, 4‐methylaminoantipyrine (MAA), 4‐aminoantipyrine (AA), 4‐formylaminoantipyrine (FAA), and 4‐acetylaminoantipyrine (AAA) using the “pain‐induced functional impairment in rat” model (PIFIR model). The antinociceptive efficacies of MAA and AA were 288.3% h and 281.1% h, respectively, close to the efficacy of MET (333.80% h). The effective dose to attain 50% of the maximum response (ED50) values for MET, MAA and AA were 126.1, 124.9, and 110.7 mg/kg, respectively. FAA and AAA were essentially inactive in this experimental model. Part of the antinociceptive effect showed by MET in this study might be attributed to the effect of the metabolites MAA and AA on cyclooxygenases COX‐1 and COX‐2 activity.
The role of water use and uptake on two Mediterranean shrubs' interaction in a brackish coastal dune ecosystem
Authors: Esquivias M. Paz , Zunzunegui María , Barradas Mari Cruz Díaz , Álvarez‐Cansino Leonor 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTWater relations are essential in plant–plant interactions, particularly in Mediterranean coastal sand dunes, owing to marked drought periods and the possibility of groundwater (GW) salinization. In this study, seasonal water use dynamics were explored in the interaction between a native–invasive species, Retama monosperma, and the endangered Thymus carnosus, in south‐western Spain. The following variables were measured: xylem water isotopic composition to determine water sources, predawn and midday stem water potential and free leaf proline content as stress indicator. GW electrical conductivity and stable isotopes were also analysed to assess water table salinity. In late summer and spring, the warmest seasons, Thymus beneath Retama displayed significantly lower water potential and higher leaf proline content than isolated Thymus, whereas Retama showed the highest proline content in autumn and winter. Water sources showed different patterns depending on the Thymus situation: Isolated ones always matched the brackish GW, as well as Retama plants, whereas Thymus beneath Retama switched among rainfall, soil and water table, showing a seasonal change in the water‐harvesting strategy. Overall, competition for water sources between both species was discovered, which led to a shift in water use and water uptake strategies of understorey Thymus. The results also demonstrate the importance and potential use of species interaction studies in the development of threatened species management strategies. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Mild Method for Regioselective Labeling of Aromatics with Radioactive Iodine
Authors: Rønnest Mads H. , Nissen Felix , Pedersen Palle J. , Larsen Thomas O. , Mier Walter , Clausen Mads H. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA novel technique to label ortho‐, meta‐, and para‐trimethylsilyl‐substituted aryl substituents with radioactive iodide is described. The method takes advantage of the ipso‐directing and activating properties of trimethylsilyl substituents on the arenes. The method was demonstrated on a griseofulvin analogue with promising anticancer properties and on lidocaine, a widely used local anesthetic drug. Treatment of a trimethylsilyl precursor with Tl(OCOCF3)3 followed by Na125I consistently afforded radioactive purities over 95 % in all cases.
Increased frequency of cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14+) monocytes expressing interleukin 1 beta (IL‐1β) in Alzheimer's disease patients and intermediate levels in late‐onset depression patients
Authors: Torres Karen Cecília , Lima Giselle Sabrina , Fiamoncini Carolina Maciel , Rezende Vitor Bortolo , Pereira Patrícia Araújo , Bicalho Maria Aparecida , Moraes Edgar Nunes , Romano‐Silva Marco Aurélio 
Published: May 2013

ObjectiveDepression might be a prodromal stage of dementia. Many factors contribute to the etiology of depression and dementia, being inflammation one of those. The present work measured and analyzed immune molecules involved in the innate immunity on cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14+) monocytes trying to investigate any relationship among late‐onset depression (LOD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD).MethodsImmune molecules were evaluated in monocytes of AD, LOD patients, and controls using flow cytometry.ResultsInterestingly, interleukin 1 beta (IL‐1β) expressing CD14+ monocytes were increased in AD patients compared with controls. LOD presented intermediate frequency of CD14+ monocytes expressing IL‐1β between controls and AD patients.ConclusionResults suggest that an increased frequency of CD14+ monocytes expressing IL‐1β level could be a stage marker related to the pathophysiology of dementia process between normal aging and AD. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Limb imaging of the Venus O2 visible nightglow with the Venus Monitoring Camera
Authors: García Muñoz A. , Hueso R. , Sánchez‐Lavega A. , Markiewicz W. J. , Titov D. V. , Witasse O. , Opitz A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe investigated the Venus O2 visible nightglow with imagery from the Venus Monitoring Camera on Venus Express. Drawing from data collected between April 2007 and January 2011, we study the global distribution of this emission, discovered in the late 1970s by the Venera 9 and 10 missions. The inferred limb‐viewing intensities are on the order of 150 kR at the lower latitudes and seem to drop somewhat toward the poles. The emission is generally stable, although there are episodes when the intensities rise up to 500 kR. We compare a set of Venus Monitoring Camera observations with coincident measurements of the O2 nightglow at 1.27 µm made with the Visible and Infrared Thermal Imaging Spectrometer, also on Venus Express. From the evidence gathered in this and past works, we suggest a direct correlation between the instantaneous emissions from the two O2 nightglow systems. Possible implications regarding the uncertain origin of the atomic oxygen green line at 557.7 nm are noted.
Assessing the potential improvement in short‐term earthquake forecasts from incorporation of GPS data
Authors: Wang Ting , Zhuang Jiancang , Kato Teruyuki , Bebbington Mark 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe validate that changes of ground deformation recorded by GPS contain useful information for earthquake forecasting. A moving rate of variation filter is used to extract short‐term signals from GPS time series in New Zealand, California, and Japan. The precursory information of these signals for large earthquakes is evaluated using Molchan's error diagram. The results suggest that the GPS signals provide a probability gain of 2–4 for forecasting large earthquakes against a Poisson model. Further tests show that the GPS signals are not triggered by large earthquakes, and that the probability gain is not derived from forecasting aftershocks. This demonstrates that noncatalog information, such as GPS data, can be used to augment probabilistic models based on seismic catalog data to improve forecasting of large earthquakes.