bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sepsis as a risk factor for neonatal morbidity in extremely preterm infants
Authors: Ohlin Andreas , Björkman Louise , Serenius Fredrik , Schollin Jens , Källén Karin 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimThis study evaluated sepsis as a risk factor for neonatal morbidities and investigated the association between specific pathogens and neonatal morbidities.MethodsThis was a nationwide Swedish prospective cohort study, consisting of the 497 extremely premature children, who were born before 27 weeks of gestation between 2004 and 2007 and survived their first year of life. Neonatal sepsis was evaluated as a risk factor for neonatal morbidity using multiple logistic linear regression analyses.ResultsWe found that 326 (66%) of the infants had at least one sepsis episode and coagulase‐negative staphylococci was the most common pathogen. Definite sepsis, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.6, was associated with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia, but not clinical sepsis (OR 1.1). Definite sepsis was also associated with a prolonged hospital stay (OR 1.6). Sepsis was not significantly associated with a higher risk of retinopathy of prematurity or intraventricular haemorrhage.ConclusionExtremely preterm infants face a great risk of acquiring neonatal sepsis, with coagulase‐negative staphylococci being the most common pathogen in this population. Definite sepsis seemed to be a risk factor for severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia and prolonged hospital stay, but the associations were weaker than in previous studies.
Serological evidence of Neospora caninum in alpacas from eastern Australia
Authors: King JS , Vaughan JL , Windsor PA 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate if there was any serological evidence of Neospora caninum in alpaca populations in south‐eastern Australia.Methods and ResultsSerum samples from 100 alpacas were collected from four farms. All serum samples were screened for N. caninum antibodies using a commercially available competitive ELISA. Of the 100 alpacas sampled, 3 were suspect seropositive for N. caninum.ConclusionThere is natural N. caninum seroprevalence in alpacas in south‐eastern Australia; however, it remains undetermined whether or not this infection is currently contributing to reproductive failure in alpacas in Australia.
Surgical and postoperative events during permanent fistulation of sheep rumen by the Schalk and Amadon method
Authors: Durmic Z , McGrath P , Wilmot M , Adams N , Tan T , Callahan L , Mayberry C 
Published: June 2015

ObjectiveTo describe and report on the course of events during and after surgical fistulation of sheep rumen by the Schalk and Amadon method and on improvements to address current trends in animal health, care and welfare.MethodsA permanent re‐entry fistula was created in 13 sheep using a method in which a fold of rumen is exteriorised and held by a metal clamp. Following surgery, sheep were monitored daily for any abnormalities for 4 weeks, then weekly for 6 months.ResultsPermanent fistulation was achieved in all 13 sheep; 2 sheep had minor complications: one during the surgery (rumen perforation) and one on the day after surgery (slipping of the metal clamp), but both recovered within 48 h with treatment. Over the 4 weeks post‐surgery, 7 sheep had mildly elevated rectal temperatures, which resolved with non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, systemic antibiotics and/or topical antiseptic cream. There was an 8‐day variation among sheep in the time from surgery to creation of the fistula.ConclusionRumen fistulation of sheep by the Schalk and Amadon method, as described here, is a comparatively simple, safe and ethical procedure, with minimal effect on or complications for the animal.
Oncological control associated with surgical resection of isolated retroperitoneal lymph node recurrence of renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Russell Christopher M. , Lue Kathy , Fisher John , Kassouf Wassim , Schwaab Thomas , Sexton Wade J. , Tanguay Simon , Psutka Sarah P. , Thompson Robert Houston , Leibovich Bradley C. , Hanzly Michael I. , Spiess Philippe E. , Boorjian Stephen A. 
Published: June 2015

ObjectiveTo evaluate the outcome of patients after surgical resection of isolated retroperitoneal lymph node (RPLN) recurrence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) using a multicentre international cohort.Patients and MethodsIn all, 50 patients were identified who underwent resection of isolated RPLN recurrence of RCC at four institutions after nephrectomy for pTanyNanyM0 disease. Progression‐free (PFS) and cancer‐specific survival (CSS) were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to assess the association of clinicopathological characteristics with disease progression.ResultsThe median (interquartile range, IQR) age at resection was 57.0 (50.0–62.5) years. The median (IQR) time to RPLN recurrence after nephrectomy was 12.6 (6.9–39.5) months, with no significant difference in median time to RPLN recurrence between patients with N+ disease at nephrectomy (10.7 [6.5–24.6] months) and those with Nx/pN0 disease at nephrectomy (13.7 [8.7–44.2] months) (P = 0.66). The median (IQR) size of the RPLN recurrence before resection was 2.6 (1.9–5) cm. The most common site for RPLN recurrence was within the interaortocaval region (34%). The median (IQR) follow‐up after RPLN resection for patients alive at last follow‐up was 28.0 (13.7–51.2) months. During follow‐up, 26 patients developed RCC recurrence, at a median (IQR) of 9.9 (4.0–18.5) months after RPLN resection. Of those who developed a secondary recurrence, disease was again isolated to the retroperitoneum in seven patients. In all, 11 patients subsequently died, including 10 who died from disease. The median PFS after RPLN resection was 19.5 months, with a 3‐ and 5‐year PFS of 40.5% and 35.4%, respectively. We also found that RPLN recurrence at ≤12 months after nephrectomy was associated with a significantly inferior median PFS (12.3 months) compared with RPLN recurrence at >12 months after nephrectomy (47.6 months; P = 0.003). Moreover, on multivariate analysis, a shorter time to recurrence remained associated with a significantly increased risk for subsequent disease progression (hazard ratio 3.51; P = 0.005).ConclusionSurgical resection of isolated RPLN recurrence from RCC may result in durable cancer control in appropriately selected patients. Recurrence at ≤12 months after nephrectomy was associated with a significantly increased risk of progression after resection, underscoring the importance of this variable for risk stratification. Thus, we recommend that, in the setting of isolated RPLN recurrence of RCC (in patients without precluding comorbidities), careful consideration with the patients and medical oncology colleagues be undertaken about the relative and individualised benefits of surgical resection, systemic therapy, and surveillance.
When is dispersal for dispersal? Unifying marine and terrestrial perspectives
Authors: Burgess Scott C. , Baskett Marissa L. , Grosberg Richard K. , Morgan Steven G. , Strathmann Richard R. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTRecent syntheses on the evolutionary causes of dispersal have focused on dispersal as a direct adaptation, but many traits that influence dispersal have other functions, raising the question: when is dispersal ‘for’ dispersal? We review and critically evaluate the ecological causes of selection on traits that give rise to dispersal in marine and terrestrial organisms. In the sea, passive dispersal is relatively easy and specific morphological, behavioural, and physiological adaptations for dispersal are rare. Instead, there may often be selection to limit dispersal. On land, dispersal is relatively difficult without specific adaptations, which are relatively common. Although selection for dispersal is expected in both systems and traits leading to dispersal are often linked to fitness, systems may differ in the extent to which dispersal in nature arises from direct selection for dispersal or as a by‐product of selection on traits with other functions. Our analysis highlights incompleteness of theories that assume a simple and direct relationship between dispersal and fitness, not just insofar as they ignore a vast array of taxa in the marine realm, but also because they may be missing critically important effects of traits influencing dispersal in all realms.
Long‐term follow‐up of essential thrombocythemia patients treated with anagrelide: subgroup analysis according to JAK2/CALR/MPL mutational status
Authors: Mela Osorio María J. , Ferrari Luciana , Goette Nora P. , Gutierrez Marina I. , Glembotsky Ana C. , Maldonado Ana C. , Lev Paola R. , Alvarez Clarisa , Korin Laura , Marta Rosana F. , Molinas Felisa C. , Heller Paula G. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundAnagrelide represents a treatment option for essential thrombocythemia, although its place in therapy remains controversial.AimTo assess the impact of mutational status in response rates and development of adverse events during long‐term use of anagrelide.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 67 patients with essential thrombocythemia treated with anagrelide during 68 (4–176) months.ResultsMutational frequencies were 46.3%, 28.3%, and 1.5% for
JAK2V617F,
CALR
and
MPL
mutations. Anagrelide yielded a high rate of hematologic responses, which were complete in 49.25% and partial in 46.25%, without differences among molecular subsets. The rate of thrombosis during treatment was one per 100 patient‐years, without excess bleeding. Anemia was the major adverse event, 30.3% at 5‐yr follow‐up, being more frequent in
CALR

+ (P < 0.05). Myelofibrotic transformation developed in 14.9% (12.9%, 21%, and 12.5% in
JAK2V617F+,
CALR

+
, and triple‐negative patients, respectively, P = NS) and those treated >60 months were at higher risk, OR (95% CI) 9.32 (1.1–78.5), P < 0.01, indicating the need for bone marrow monitoring during prolonged treatment.ConclusionAlthough
CALR

+ patients were at higher risk of developing anemia, anagrelide proved effective among all molecular subsets, indicating that mutational status does not seem to represent a major determinant of choice of cytoreductive treatment among essential thrombocythemia therapies.
Forebrain NR2B overexpression enhancing fear acquisition and long‐term potentiation in the lateral amygdala
Authors: Duan Yanhong , Zhou Siqi , Ma Jing , Yin Pengcheng , Cao Xiaohua 
Published: June 2015

AbstractN‐methyl‐d‐aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor‐dependent long‐term potentiation (LTP) at the thalamus–lateral amygdala (T‐LA) synapses is the basis for acquisition of auditory fear memory. However, the role of the NMDA receptor NR2B subunit in synaptic plasticity at T‐LA synapses remains speculative. In the present study, using transgenic mice with forebrain‐specific overexpression of the NR2B subunit, we have observed that forebrain NR2B overexpression results in enhanced LTP but does not alter long‐term depression (LTD) at the T‐LA synapses in transgenic mice. To elucidate the cellular mechanisms underlying enhanced LTP at T‐LA synapses in these transgenic mice, AMPA and NMDA receptor‐mediated postsynaptic currents have been measured. The data show a marked increasing in the amplitude and decay time of NMDA receptor‐mediated currents in these transgenic mice. Consistent with enhanced LTP at T‐LA synapses, NR2B‐transgenic mice exhibit better performance in the acquisition of auditory fear memory than wild‐type littermates. Our results demonstrate that up‐regulation of NR2B expression facilitates acquisition of auditory cued fear memory and enhances LTP at T‐LA synapses.
Remobilization of sterically stabilized silver nanoparticles from farmland soils determined by column leaching
Authors: Hoppe M. , Mikutta R. , Utermann J. , Duijnisveld W. , Kaufhold S. , Stange C. F. , Guggenberger G. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryThe increasing application of silver (Ag)‐engineered nanoparticles (ENP) will enhance their release to the aquatic and terrestrial environments. Hence, the retention potential of the sterically stabilized Ag ENP (AgNM‐300k, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)) standard material was tested in a sandy Cambisol and in a clay‐ and silt‐rich Luvisol. In addition, the remobilization potential of the same soils spiked with AgNM‐300k was investigated in columns after 3 and 92 days of incubation. The AgNM‐300k dispersion and the soil solutions were examined with dynamic light scattering (DLS). Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP‐OES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) were used to analyse soils and soil solutions subjected to different digestion and extraction techniques (aqua regia, nitric acid (HNO3) and EDTA (ethylenediamninetetraacetate)). The 24‐hour batch test showed a 10‐fold greater retention coefficient for AgNM‐300k in the silt‐ and clay‐rich Luvisol than in the sandy Cambisol. In addition, all applied extraction techniques indicate a greater potential for mobility of Ag ENP for the sandy Cambisol. However, a small release from the column of AgHNO3 (measured Ag content in the fraction < 0.45 µm after HNO3 digestion) was observed after 3 as well as after 92 days of incubation for both soils. The largest amount of Ag was released from the Cambisol during the first percolation step (water:soil ratio = 1 l kg−1) after the soil was incubated for 3 days. This AgHNO3 release corresponded to approximately 1% of the total amount of Ag in the soil column. The correlation obtained between released AgHNO3 and AlHNO3 suggests that even the Ag released at small concentrations is associated with soil colloids. Thus, hetero‐aggregation is a potentially important process controlling retention.
Electrophysiological, haemodynamic, and mitochondrial alterations induced by levobupivacaine during myocardial ischemia in a pig model: protection by lipid emulsions?
Authors: Mamou Zahida , Descotes Jacques , Chevalier Philippe , Bui‐Xuan Bernard , Romestaing Caroline , Timour Quadiri 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAccidental intravascular or high‐dose injection of local anesthetics (LA) can result in serious, potentially life‐threatening complications. Indeed, adequate supportive measures and the administration of lipid emulsions are required in such complications. The study's objectives were threefold: (i) evaluate the myocardial toxicity of levobupivacaine when administered intravenously; (ii) investigate levobupivacaine toxicity on cardiomyocytes mitochondrial functions and cellular structure; (iii) assess the protective effects of a lipid emulsion in the presence or absence of myocardial ischemia. Domestic pigs randomized into two groups of 24 animals each, with either preserved coronary circulation or experimental myocardial ischemia. Six animals from each group received either: (i) single IV injection of saline, (ii) lipid emulsion (Intralipid®), (iii) levobupivacaine, (iv) combination levobupivacaine‐Intralipid®. Serially measured endpoints included: heart rate, duration of the monophasic action potentials (dMAP), mean arterial pressure, and peak of the time derivative of left ventricular pressure (LV dP/dtmax). In addition, the following cardiomyocytes mitochondrial functions were measured: reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, oxidative phosphorylation, and calcium retention capacity (CRC) as well as the consequences of ROS production on lipids, proteins, and DNA. IV injection of levobupivacaine induced sinus bradycardia and reduced dMAP and LV dP/dtmax. At the mitochondrial level, oxygen consumption and CRC were decreased. In contrast, ROS production was increased leading to enhanced lipid peroxidation and structural alterations of proteins and DNA. Myocardial ischemia was associated with global worsening of all changes. Intralipid® quickly improved haemodynamics. However, beneficial effects of Intralipid® were less clear after myocardial ischemia.
Plant diversity drives soil microbial biomass carbon in grasslands irrespective of global environmental change factors
Authors: Thakur Madhav Prakash , Milcu Alexandru , Manning Pete , Niklaus Pascal A. , Roscher Christiane , Power Sally , Reich Peter B. , Scheu Stefan , Tilman David , Ai Fuxun , Guo Hongyan , Ji Rong , Pierce Sarah , Ramirez Nathaly Guerrero , Richter Annabell Nicola , Steinauer Katja , Strecker Tanja , Vogel Anja , Eisenhauer Nico 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSoil microbial biomass is a key determinant of carbon dynamics in the soil. Several studies have shown that soil microbial biomass significantly increases with plant species diversity, but it remains unclear whether plant species diversity can also stabilize soil microbial biomass in a changing environment. This question is particularly relevant as many global environmental change (GEC) factors, such as drought and nutrient enrichment, have been shown to reduce soil microbial biomass. Experiments with orthogonal manipulations of plant diversity and GEC factors can provide insights whether plant diversity can attenuate such detrimental effects on soil microbial biomass. Here, we present the analysis of 12 different studies with 14 unique orthogonal plant diversity × GEC manipulations in grasslands, where plant diversity and at least one GEC factor (elevated CO2, nutrient enrichment, drought, earthworm presence, or warming) were manipulated. Our results show that higher plant diversity significantly enhances soil microbial biomass with the strongest effects in long‐term field experiments. In contrast, GEC factors had inconsistent effects with only drought having a significant negative effect. Importantly, we report consistent non‐significant effects for all 14 interactions between plant diversity and GEC factors, which indicates a limited potential of plant diversity to attenuate the effects of GEC factors on soil microbial biomass. We highlight that plant diversity is a major determinant of soil microbial biomass in experimental grasslands that can influence soil carbon dynamics irrespective of GEC.
Establishment and characterization of a reconstructed Chinese human epidermis model
Authors: Qiu J. , Zhong L. , Zhou M. , Chen D. , Huang X. , Chen J. , Chen M. , Ni H. , Cai Z. 
Published: June 2015

SynopsisObjectivesIn vitro reconstructed human epidermis is a powerful tool for both basic research and industrial applications in dermatology, pharmacology and the cosmetic field.MethodsBy growing keratinocytes of Chinese origin on a collagen matrix after a submerged culture followed by an air–liquid interface culture, an in vitro reconstructed Chinese human epidermis model was obtained. This Chinese epidermis model was further characterized.ResultsThe reconstructed human epidermis model (China EpiSkin model) exhibits morphological features similar to native skin and shows similar expression profile of proliferation (Ki67) and differentiation (K14 and K10 cytokeratins, filaggrin) markers. Corneodesmosomes, lamellar lipids, desmosomes, keratohyalin granules, keratin filaments and membrane‐coating granules are also observed at the ultrastructure level. Moreover, China EpiSkin model contains most of the major lipid classes normally found in the native skin and potentially could present the properties of skin barrier. More importantly, the model production achieves high reproducibility and low intra‐ and inter‐batch variations.ConclusionThis is the first reconstructed Chinese human epidermis model reported to meet the high quality standard with industrialized production criteria. This China EpiSkin model can be used for both skin research and safety assessment in vitro.
Actin stabilization induces apoptosis in cultured porcine epithelial cell rests of Malassez
Authors: Aida N. , Ushikubo T. , Kobayashi F. , Sako R. , Suehara M. , Furusawa M. , Muramatsu T. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimTo test whether actin stabilization by jasplakinolide induces inhibition of cell viability and apoptosis in epithelial cell rests of Malassez (ERM).MethodologyERM derived from porcine were spread in a 96‐well dish (5 × 104/well) using Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium. The actin‐specific stabilization reagent, jasplakinolide, was incorporated into the culture medium and incubated for 24 h. To evaluate cell viability, the WST‐1 assay was carried out and absorption (450 nm) was measured. To detect apoptotic cells, monoclonal antibody to single‐strand DNA (ssDNA) was used and absorption (405 nm) was measured. Actin stabilization and apoptosis induced by jasplakinolide were morphologically investigated by staining with Alexa Fluor 568 phalloidin and observed under a fluorescent microscope. As a negative control, DMSO was used instead of jasplakinolide. Differences between the jasplakinolide‐treated group and the control group were analysed statistically using the Student's t‐test.ResultsCell viability decreased in a concentration‐dependent manner, and cell viability in the jasplakinolide‐treated ERM was lower than that in nontreated ERM (n = 16, P < 0.01). Apoptotic cells in the jasplakinolide‐treated ERM were more frequently detected compared to that in nontreated ERM (n = 16, P < 0.01). Morphologically, shrinkage, irregular forms and fragmentation of nuclei suggesting apoptotic bodies were observed in jasplakinolide‐treated ERM, whilst actin filaments were extended in non‐treated ERM.ConclusionActin stabilization by jasplakinolide inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis in epithelial cell rests of Malassez.
Transumbilical laparoendoscopic single‐site surgery versus conventional laparoscopy for the resection of retroperitoneal paragangliomas
Authors: Xu Weifeng , Li Hanzhong , Ji Zhigang , Yan Weigang , Zhang Yushi , Zhang Xuebin , Li Qian 
Published: June 2015

ObjectivesTo compare transumbilical laparoendoscopic single‐site surgery with conventional laparoscopy for the resection of retroperitoneal paragangliomas.MethodsIn the present case–control study, we compared 11 transumbilical laparoendoscopic single‐site surgery procedures with 22 conventional laparoscopy procedures carried out to treat retroperitoneal paragangliomas between June 2004 and October 2013 at Peking Union Medical Hospital, Beijing, China. Operative time, estimated intraoperative blood loss, blood transfusions, intraoperative hypertension, intraoperative hypotension, highest intraoperative systolic blood pressure, lowest intraoperative systolic blood pressure, postoperative fatigue time, postoperative systematic inflammation reaction syndrome, 24‐h postoperative visual analog scale scores, postoperative hospital stay duration, and postoperative complications were recorded and analyzed.ResultsThere were no significant differences in patient characteristics. All surgical procedures were successfully completed in both groups. Minor complications occurred in one case in the laparoendoscopic single‐site surgery group and in two cases in the conventional laparoscopy group. In the laparoendoscopic single‐site surgery group, the operative time was longer than that in the conventional laparoscopy group (P = 0.001). There were no significant differences in terms of intraoperative hypertension, intraoperative hypotension, highest intraoperative systolic blood pressure, lowest intraoperative systolic blood pressure, estimated blood loss, postoperative fatigue time, postoperative hospital stay or systematic inflammation reaction syndrome between the two groups. The 24‐h postoperative visual analog scale score was lower in the laparoendoscopic single‐site surgery group (P = 0.002). No recurrence or metastases were observed over the duration of the postoperative follow up.ConclusionsIn properly selected patients, transumbilical laparoendoscopic single‐site surgery is a feasible, safe and effective procedure for the surgical treatment of retroperitoneal paragangliomas.