bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Visible and Invisible Footprint of New Technologies in Investment Awards
Authors: Fach Gómez Katia 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the increasing use of new technologies in investment arbitration, focusing specifically on technology’s role in investment awards. It shows how current awards bear witness to the daily use of utilitarian technology in arbitration proceedings. This is reflected in multiple references in the awards themselves (filing the request for arbitration electronically, widespread use of communication technology among arbitration actors, non-presential case management conferences, electronic submission of documents, remote hearings, deliberations, electronic signatures, transmission of awards, etc). The question as to whether any of the technological elements referred to in arbitration awards themselves might currently be considered a minimum form requirement for investment arbitration awards is also raised. Arbitrators’ and arbitral secretaries’ use of technology—whether utilitarian or disruptive—when creating the content of investment awards is likewise analysed in this chapter. AI-led tools may not be expressly mentioned in award texts, but their use certainly has a practical impact on the awards’ final configuration, which is why this chapter reflects on the appropriateness of resorting to measures to prohibit AI or imposing on arbitrators a duty to disclose AI usage when they draft awards.
Social Construction of Religious Freedom in Legal Systems
Authors: Breskaya Olga , Giordan Giuseppe , Richardson James T 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter demonstrates the centrality of the legal system in producing, protecting, and communicating the meaning of religious freedom within society. It highlights the interconnectedness of the processes of social and legal implementation of this right and the interplay of social dynamics and mechanisms of legal norm-making. The umbrella legal concept of “juridification,” as theorized by Blichner and Molander, is considered for describing the processes of increasing legal regulation of religion by governments. The chapter argues that socioreligious changes linked to increasing diversity, individualization of lifestyles, and fluidity of organizational forms influence the way legal systems regulate religion. These dynamics raise questions about the readiness of citizens to dialogue, make choices, and negotiate religious and secular identities. The chapter explores the interdependence of sociological and legal definitions of religion as they influence the socioreligious dynamics of religious freedom.
The Judicialization of Religious Freedom
Authors: Breskaya Olga , Giordan Giuseppe , Richardson James T 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses societies where religious freedom is generally protected by governments, including especially their judicial systems, contrasting this with examples of societies where religious freedom is not valued. The concept of judicialization of religious freedom is delineated, along with growing tendencies in some nations and regions toward the “dejudicialization” of religious freedom. International legal systems and organization entities promoting religious freedom are briefly described, as is the development of legal pluralism in contemporary societies. Three nations where religious freedom is extremely limited are examined to illustrate conditions not conducive to religious freedom. The chapter concludes with a brief sociology of law-oriented analysis on how minority religions sometimes manage to prevail in legal actions against them and the efforts such groups launch in defense of their beliefs and practices. The concept of “cause lawyering” is introduced as part of the explanation of such legal confrontations.
Measuring Religious Freedom
Authors: Breskaya Olga , Giordan Giuseppe , Richardson James T 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter presents empirical studies and compares instruments developed for the purposes of cross-national research on religious freedom. Among the measures presented are indices of governmental and societal regulations of religion as developed by Grim and Finke within the religious economy model. The chapter shows how those indices have been applied by the Pew Research Center to track the patterns of religious restrictions around the globe. It also discusses instruments measuring governmental and societal discrimination developed for empirical studies by Fox within his theoretical framework of political secularism. Finally, it focuses on scales measuring attitudes toward human rights and religion developed by Van der Ven and Ziebertz while analyzing perceptions of human rights culture in various societies. The chapter presents results from these studies and summarizes the methods and hypotheses to assist readers with further research in this field.
Finding God in the Gulag
Authors: Hardy Jeffrey S 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This is the first book devoted to exploring religious life and antireligious coercion in the Soviet penal system. The Soviet Union incarcerated tens of millions of people from the Bolshevik Revolution to the collapse of the USSR in 1991, many of whom retained a belief in God despite efforts to purge religion from the public sphere. Focusing specifically on imprisoned Christians, this book argues that faith played an integral role in the lives of many inmates, who prayed, read scripture, sang hymns, communed with fellow believers, observed sacred rites, and even proselytized. Many credited their survival to faith as it provided hope and a sense of righteous suffering. Camp authorities and prison guards, meanwhile, were tasked with converting inmates to Marxist ideology, which viewed religion as superstition and a tool of oppression wielded by the traditional ruling classes. In the chaotic environment of the Gulag, however, actual repression against religious observance varied widely. Some Christians were harshly punished, even killed, for their professions of faith, but others at times were able to worship God in peace. The story of religion in the Soviet Gulag, ultimately, is one of contradiction, worship, oppression, and inspiration.
The Spiritual Life of Solovki
Authors: Hardy Jeffrey S 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter is a case study of religious life on the Solovetsky Islands, where the Soviet secret police established a large concentration camp designed to showcase Soviet correctional policies. Among a variety of political and criminal offenders, hundreds of Orthodox clerics and other believers were held at this large monastic complex. At Solovki in the 1920s, policies concerning religious worship were still being negotiated; some officials worked hard to stamp out Christianity, while others adopted more permissive attitudes, allowing religiosity to persist and even flourish. In fact, the camp became a hotbed of Orthodox opposition to the Soviet state. But the imprisoned religious community was also rife with factionalism, in particular within the Orthodox community but also between Orthodox and Catholic believers, which ultimately prevented the creation of a fully united Christian collective.
Religious Dissidents under Brezhnev
Authors: Hardy Jeffrey S 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter moves chronologically to the era of Leonid Brezhnev, when the penal system (and other facets of life) stabilized after decades of chaos and experimentation. Continued repression against activists from numerous Christian denominations, combined with relatively short sentence lengths, produced a steady stream of religious prisoners in and out of the Gulag. Repression against faith continued in this period, as did persistent attempts to worship God. Prominent among such worshippers were Baptists, who sent many letters of faith home and many letters of protest to Soviet authorities. These documents provide a fascinating lens through which to view the personal and communal practice of repressed faith in the late Soviet period.
The Splinter and the Dove
Authors: Glasgow Joshua 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe Significance Impulse is the common drive to be especially important. It is not exactly a drive to seek fame or wealth or influence or other social rewards. Rather, it is the impulse to add extraordinary amounts of value to the world. After articulating that Significant Impulse, this chapter lays out two main theses that are defended in the rest of the book, about why the Impulse is misguided. First, even assuming that there is value in the universe, and assuming that people matter in various commonsense ways, they are not important in the biggest picture. Second, being extraordinarily important is not in a person’s interests anyway.
Identification of novel TTN gene variant in a patient exhibiting severe dilated cardiomyopathy co-occurring with acute fibrinoid organizing pneumonia
Authors: Ma Weijie , Wright Dana L , Parra Ourania , Shah Nidhi D , Black Candice C , Baker Michael L , Khan Wahab A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is often hereditary, with 20% to 40% of nonischemic cases showing familial linkage, yet genetic testing is underused. This report describes an unreported pathogenic nonsense variant in the Titin (TTN) gene (NM_001267550.2:c.92603G&gt;A) in a 24-year-old man with severe DCM and acute fibrinoid organizing pneumonia, highlighting a unique cardiopulmonary pathology.

Methods
We conducted detailed gross, histopathologic, immunophenotypic, and exome-based DNA sequencing analysis in the workup of this case. We also included the patient’s clinical and radiologic findings in our study.

Results
With rapid clinical deterioration and complex comorbidities, including substance abuse and psychiatric conditions, which precluded transplantation, the patient’s cardiac function progressively worsened. Autopsy findings included extreme cardiomegaly, biventricular hypertrophy, and acute and chronic pericarditis. Significant pulmonary pathology consistent with acute fibrinoid organizing pneumonia was also noted. Molecular testing confirmed a deleterious maternally inherited TTN variant that was absent in the sibling of the proband and the extant medical literature, highlighting its rarity and significance.

Conclusions
This case contributes to the ongoing body of work on the impact of TTN variants on DCM. It suggests a potential link between genetic variants and complex cardiac injury patterns, emphasizing the need for further investigation into the interplay between cardiomyopathy and pulmonary pathology.
Arm Contouring and Beautification Without Incision: Application of Arm Net Suture
Authors: Ghorbani Sara 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Arm contouring has been a challenging issue for many years. Patients request contouring of their arms without incisions and with a shorter recovery time. Making an incision on the arm does not always lead to a nice scar, and in case of complications, it may be catastrophic. The use of “arm net suture” can replace the incision during the arm contour surgery.

Objectives
The author has developed a simple technique of arm contouring with arm net suture that leads to eliminating the need for making an incision, preventing of sagging in the proximal part of the arm, and a shorter recovery time.

Methods
A retrospective study was conducted on 157 patients who underwent arm contouring surgery. Through a small 5 mm incision in the medial elbow, normal saline solution containing Xylocaine (Fresenius Kabi, Bad Homburg, Germany) and adrenaline was infiltrated. After 20 min, liposuction was started from the most superficial layer with a 3 mm cannula, and then, deeper layers superficial to the fascia were suctioned with a 4 mm cannula. The author usually utilizes traditional suction-assisted lipectomy or power-assisted lipectomy. After completing liposuction, the laxity of the skin along the arm was checked. Most of the laxity of the skin occurred in the proximal third of the arm; while the assistant pulled the skin of the proximal part lateral and downward, the net sutures were inserted. On the third or fourth day (based on the severity of laxity of the skin), the sutures start to be removed from the distal rows, with all sutures removed by the fifth to sixth day. The follow-up times were between 3 and 12 months.

Results
All patients were female, and their age range was from 19 to 62 years (mean, 40.45 years). The volume of liposuction was from a minimum of 1200 cc to a maximum of 2500 cc (mean, 1645 cc), and the reduction of the arm diameter was occurred in the range of 6 to 14 cm. No immediate postoperative problems were observed in the patients. Revision was not needed for any patients.

Conclusions
Arm net suture is a simple and safe method to replace the incision during arm contour surgery.

Level of Evidence: 4
Conjoint analysis of succinylome and phosphorylome reveals imbalanced HDAC phosphorylation-driven succinylayion dynamic contibutes to lung cancer
Authors: Guo Yifan , Wen Haoyu , Chen Zongwei , Jiao Mengxia , Zhang Yuchen , Ge Di , Liu Ronghua , Gu Jie 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Cancerous genetic mutations result in a complex and comprehensive post-translational modification (PTM) dynamics, in which protein succinylation is well known for its ability to reprogram cell metabolism and is involved in the malignant evolution. Little is known about the regulatory interactions between succinylation and other PTMs in the PTM network. Here, we developed a conjoint analysis and systematic clustering method to explore the intermodification communications between succinylome and phosphorylome from eight lung cancer patients. We found that the intermodification coorperation in both parallel and series. Besides directly participating in metabolism pathways, some phosphosites out of mitochondria were identified as an upstream regulatory modification directing succinylome dynamics in cancer metabolism reprogramming. Phosphorylated activation of histone deacetylase (HDAC) in lung cancer resulted in the removal of acetylation and favored the occurrence of succinylation modification of mitochondrial proteins. These results suggest a tandem regulation between succinylation and phosphorylation in the PTM network and provide HDAC-related targets for intervening mitochondrial succinylation and cancer metabolism reprogramming.
Computational methods and biomarker discovery strategies for spatial proteomics: a review in immuno-oncology
Authors: Mi Haoyang , Sivagnanam Shamilene , Ho Won Jin , Zhang Shuming , Bergman Daniel , Deshpande Atul , Baras Alexander S , Jaffee Elizabeth M , Coussens Lisa M , Fertig Elana J , Popel Aleksander S 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Advancements in imaging technologies have revolutionized our ability to deeply profile pathological tissue architectures, generating large volumes of imaging data with unparalleled spatial resolution. This type of data collection, namely, spatial proteomics, offers invaluable insights into various human diseases. Simultaneously, computational algorithms have evolved to manage the increasing dimensionality of spatial proteomics inherent in this progress. Numerous imaging-based computational frameworks, such as computational pathology, have been proposed for research and clinical applications. However, the development of these fields demands diverse domain expertise, creating barriers to their integration and further application. This review seeks to bridge this divide by presenting a comprehensive guideline. We consolidate prevailing computational methods and outline a roadmap from image processing to data-driven, statistics-informed biomarker discovery. Additionally, we explore future perspectives as the field moves toward interfacing with other quantitative domains, holding significant promise for precision care in immuno-oncology.
Factor-augmented transformation models for interval-censored failure time data
Authors: Li Hongxi , Li Shuwei , Sun Liuquan , Song Xinyuan 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Interval-censored failure time data frequently arise in various scientific studies where each subject experiences periodical examinations for the occurrence of the failure event of interest, and the failure time is only known to lie in a specific time interval. In addition, collected data may include multiple observed variables with a certain degree of correlation, leading to severe multicollinearity issues. This work proposes a factor-augmented transformation model to analyze interval-censored failure time data while reducing model dimensionality and avoiding multicollinearity elicited by multiple correlated covariates. We provide a joint modeling framework by comprising a factor analysis model to group multiple observed variables into a few latent factors and a class of semiparametric transformation models with the augmented factors to examine their and other covariate effects on the failure event. Furthermore, we propose a nonparametric maximum likelihood estimation approach and develop a computationally stable and reliable expectation-maximization algorithm for its implementation. We establish the asymptotic properties of the proposed estimators and conduct simulation studies to assess the empirical performance of the proposed method. An application to the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) study is provided. An R package ICTransCFA is also available for practitioners. Data used in preparation of this article were obtained from the ADNI database.
Children’s bone age development is delayed with increasing altitude: a multicentre study
Authors: Liu Qixing , Wangjiu Cidan , Awang Tudan , Yang Meijie , Qiongda Puqiong , Wang Huogen , Pan Hui , Wang Fengdan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the bone age (BA) characteristics of children living in high-altitude regions and determine the impact of altitude on the development of BA.

Methods
From June 2014 to July 2022, 1318 children with left-hand-wrist radiographs were retrospectively enrolled from 3 different geographical altitudes (Beijing 43.5 m above sea level [asl], Lhasa 3650 m asl, and Nagqu 4500 m asl). The predicted age difference (PAD), defined as the difference between BA and chronologic age (CA), was considered the indicator for delayed or advanced growth. The PAD of children from the 3 regions in total and according to different age groups, genders, and ethnicities were compared. The linear regression model was used to assess the effect of altitude on PAD.

Results
A total of 1284 children (CA: 12.00 [6.45-15.72] years; male: 837/1284, 65.2%) were included in the study with 407 from Beijing, 491 from Lhasa, and 386 from Nagqu. The PAD for Beijing, Lhasa, and Nagqu were 0.1 [−0.30 to 0.65], −0.40 [−1.20 to 0.27], and −1.42 [−2.32 to −0.51] years, respectively. A linear regression analysis showed that altitude significantly contributed to PAD (compared to Beijing, Lhasa coefficient = −0.57, P &lt; .001; Nagqu coefficient = −1.55, P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
High altitude might be an independent contributor to the delayed BA development of children.

Advances in knowledge
The impact of altitude on BA development was revealed for the first time, highlighting the necessity of considering the altitude of the area when evaluating BA development for children residing in high-altitude regions.ke
Feasibility and safety study of ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation for sub-cardiac liver cancers without artificial ascites assistance
Authors: Liu Qiqi , Liang Shuang , Liu Huahui , Luo Liping , Wu Shanshan , Guan Sainan , Liu Ying , Yan Ronghua , Xu Erjiao 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the efficacy and safety of ultrasound (US)-guided microwave ablation (MWA) without artificial ascites (AA) inpatients with sub-cardiac (SC) liver cancers.

Methods
This retrospective study included patients with the left lobe and caudate lobe of the liver cancer who underwent US-guided MWA in our institute from January 2020 to December 2022. According to whether the target lesion was located ≤5 mm from the pericardium, patients were divided into the SC group and the non-sub-cardiac (NSC) group. In the SC group, AA was not employed during the ablation procedure. The results of technical success, technical efficiency, local tumour progression (LTP), and major complications were recorded.

Results
A total of 79 patients with 87 lesions were enrolled. There were 38 patients with 38 lesions in the SC group and 41 patients with 49 lesions in the NSC group. The median follow-up of all patients was 15 (range, 3-44) months. There was no significant difference in technical success rates (100% vs 100%), technique efficiency rates (100% vs 95.7%), LTP rates (2.63% vs 0%,), and major complication rates (2.63% vs 7.32%) between the SC group and the NSC group (P &gt; .05). No cardiac-related complications occurred.

Conclusions
US-guided MWA without AA for SC liver cancers was safe and effective.

Advances in knowledge
The clinical prognosis of thermal ablation without AA in the treatment of SC liver cancers is still unclear. The finding of this study provided evidence supporting the efficacy and safety of US-guided MWA without AA for treating this tricky location.
Prophylactic negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) in laparotomy wounds (PROPEL-2): protocol for a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Davey Matthew G , Donlon Noel E , Walsh Stewart R , Donohoe Claire L ,   PROPEL-2 Trial Collaborators, Fleming C A , Peirce C , Coffey J C , Condon E , Elwahab S A , Owens P W , Kelly M E , Larkin J O , Conneely J B , Varzgalis M , O'Riordain M , Faul E , Toomey D P , Winter D , Andrews E , Kearney D E , Carroll P A , Kavanagh D , Murphy T , Martin S T , Heneghan H M , Barry M K , Cahill R A , Neary P , Cooke F , Johnston S T , Robb W B , Hill A D K , Kerin M J , Reynolds J V , McNamara D , Walsh S R 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
A proportion of patients undergoing midline laparotomy will develop surgical site infections after surgery. These complications place considerable financial burden on healthcare economies and have negative implications for patient health and quality of life. The prophylactic application of negative pressure wound therapy devices has been mooted as a pragmatic strategy to reduce surgical site infections. Nevertheless, further availability of multicentre randomized clinical trial data evaluating the prophylactic use of negative pressure wound therapy following midline laparotomy is warranted to definitely provide consensus in relation to these closure methods, while also deciphering potential differences among subgroups. The aim of this study is to determine whether prophylactic negative pressure wound therapy reduces postoperative wound complications in patients undergoing midline laparotomy.

Methods
PROPEL-2 is a multicentre prospective randomized clinical trial designed to compare standard surgical dressings (control arm) with negative pressure wound therapy dressings (Prevena™ and PICO™ being the most commonly utilized). Patient recruitment will include adult patients aged 18 years or over, who are indicated to undergo emergency or elective laparotomy. To achieve 90% power at the 5% significance level, 1006 patients will be required in each arm, which when allowing for losses to follow-up, 10% will be added to each arm, leaving the total projected sample size to be 2013 patients, who will be recruited across a 36-month enrolment period.

Conclusion
The PROPEL-2 trial will be the largest independent multicentre randomized clinical trial designed to assess the role of prophylactic negative pressure wound therapy in patients indicated to undergo midline laparotomy. The comparison of standard treatment to two commercially available negative pressure wound therapy devices will help provide consensus on the routine management of laparotomy wounds. Enrolment to PROPEL-2 began in June 2023.
Registration number: NCT05977816 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).