bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cat coexistence in central Sumatra: ecological characteristics, spatial and temporal overlap, and implications for management
Authors: Sunarto S. , Kelly M. J. , Parakkasi K. , Hutajulu M. B. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAt least six species of wild cats live in Sumatra. Many are globally threatened and yet their ecology is poorly understood. We investigated ecological characteristics and spatial and temporal overlap among cats in central Sumatra using data from systematic and opportunistic camera trapping in five major forest blocks. We developed occupancy models assessing probability of site use by each cat based on (1) photo‐trap rates of other species at the same locations and (2) landscape‐level factors extracted from geographic information systems. We also used two‐species co‐occurrence models to assess spatial overlap and used kernel density estimates on circular data to assess temporal overlap between species pairs. We photographed five cat species: Sumatran tigers, Sunda clouded leopards, Asiatic golden cats, marbled cats and leopard cats. Four cats were present in all sampling blocks and one sampling block had all five cats. Spatially, cat distributions varied among forest types, within the sampling blocks and across elevation. We placed camera traps at elevations ranging from 6 to 460 m above sea level. The five cats used statistically different elevations, with golden cats found at highest elevation. Site use by tigers and leopard cats negatively covaried with distance to protected areas. Clouded leopard presence covaried positively with altitude. Leopard cat presence covaried with the photo‐trap rate of tigers, whereas the presence of tigers covaried with the photo‐trap rate of non‐cat carnivores. We found little evidence of spatial avoidance among cats at camera sites. Temporally, species more similar in size, or with similar‐sized prey, had lower overlap, suggesting temporal avoidance. We identified six mechanisms promoting coexistence of central Sumatra cats. Knowledge of interspecific interactions may improve the effectiveness of management aimed at conserving the increasingly threatened wild cat community.
Feedback control of prion formation and propagation by the ribosome‐associated chaperone complex
Authors: Kiktev Denis A. , Melomed Mikhail M. , Lu Caroline D. , Newnam Gary P. , Chernoff Yury O. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryCross‐beta fibrous protein aggregates (amyloids and amyloid‐based prions) are found in mammals (including humans) and fungi (including yeast), and are associated with both diseases and heritable traits. The Hsp104/70/40 chaperone machinery controls propagation of yeast prions. The Hsp70 chaperones Ssa and Ssb show opposite effects on [PSI+], a prion form of the translation termination factor Sup35 (eRF3). Ssb is bound to translating ribosomes via ribosome‐associated complex (RAC), composed of Hsp40‐Zuo1 and Hsp70‐Ssz1. Here we demonstrate that RAC disruption increases de novo prion formation in a manner similar to Ssb depletion, but interferes with prion propagation in a manner similar to Ssb overproduction. Release of Ssb into the cytosol in RAC‐deficient cells antagonizes binding of Ssa to amyloids. Thus, propagation of an amyloid formed because of lack of ribosome‐associated Ssb can be counteracted by cytosolic Ssb, generating a feedback regulatory circuit. Release of Ssb from ribosomes is also observed in wild‐type cells during growth in poor synthetic medium. Ssb is, in a significant part, responsible for the prion destabilization in these conditions, underlining the physiological relevance of the Ssb‐based regulatory circuit.
Phylogenetic correlations among chemical and physical plant defenses change with ontogeny
Authors: Kariñho‐Betancourt Eunice , Agrawal Anurag A. , Halitschke Rayko , Núñez‐Farfán Juan 
Published: February 2015

Summary

Theory predicts patterns of defense across taxa based on notions of tradeoffs and synergism among defensive traits when plants and herbivores coevolve. Because the expression of characters changes ontogenetically, the evolution of plant strategies may be best understood by considering multiple traits along a trajectory of plant development.

Here we addressed the ontogenetic expression of chemical and physical defenses in 12 Datura species, and tested for macroevolutionary correlations between defensive traits using phylogenetic analyses. We used liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry to identify the toxic tropane alkaloids of Datura, and also estimated leaf trichome density.

We report three major patterns. First, we found different ontogenetic trajectories of alkaloids and leaf trichomes, with alkaloids increasing in concentration at the reproductive stage, whereas trichomes were much more variable across species. Second, the dominant alkaloids and leaf trichomes showed correlated evolution, with positive and negative associations. Third, the correlations between defensive traits changed across ontogeny, with significant relationships only occurring during the juvenile phase.

The patterns in expression of defensive traits in the genus Datura are suggestive of adaptation to complex selective environments varying in space and time.
On utilizing uncertainty information in template‐based EEG‐fMRI ballistocardiogram artifact removal
Authors: Schulz Marc‐Andre , Regenbogen Christina , Moessnang Carolin , Neuner Irene , Finkelmeyer Andreas , Habel Ute , Kellermann Thilo 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe correction of ballistocardiogram artifacts in simultaneous EEG‐fMRI often yields unsatisfactory results. To improve the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of results, we inferred EEG signal uncertainty from postcorrection artifact residuals and computed the uncertainty‐weighted mean of ERPs. Using an uncertainty‐weighted mean significantly and consistently reduced both inter‐ and intrasubject SEM in the analysis of auditory evoked responses (AER, indicated by the N1‐P2 complex) and in the effects of an auditory oddball paradigm (N1‐P3 complex, standard‐deviant difference). SNR increased by 3% on average for the AER amplitude (intrasubject) and 17% on average for the auditory oddball ERP (intersubject). This demonstrates that weighting by uncertainty complements existing artifact correction algorithms to increase SNR in ERPs. More specifically, it is an efficient method to utilize seemingly corrupt (difficult‐to‐correct) EEG data that might otherwise be discarded.
Striving for a life worth living: stroke survivors' experiences of home rehabilitation
Authors: Taule Tina , Strand Liv Inger , Skouen Jan Sture , Råheim Målfrid 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundFor mild‐to‐moderate stroke survivors, early supported discharge from hospital, followed by home rehabilitation is preferred over conventional care. How this mode of service contributes to recovery from stroke survivors' perspective needs further investigation.AimThe aim of this study was to explore mild‐to‐moderate stroke survivors' experiences with home rehabilitation after early supported discharge from hospital.MethodsA qualitative interpretive interview design was used in the context of a randomised controlled trial. A purposive sample of eight participants (45–80 years) was followed by an ambulant team, and a specific healthcare team provided home rehabilitation. Data were analysed using interpretive description, systematic text condensation and coping theory.FindingsA crucial determinant for the participants' hopes for a life worth living was the mutual confidence expressed in encounters with healthcare professionals and the participants' ability to make sense of their now‐altered body. The professional caretakers' communication qualities and their ability to attend to individual needs were important. Help in processing the emotional reactions caused by a changed body and in socialising was requested by participants. Professional caretakers providing home rehabilitation should strive for a more flexible‐ and individually tailored service and should seek increased cooperation among stakeholders.ConclusionThe focus on therapeutic communicative qualities, bodily changes, emotional processes, social concerns and long‐term follow‐up should be increased in order to achieve a more beneficial experience for stroke survivors.
Caring behaviour perceptions from nurses of their first‐line nurse managers
Authors: Peng Xiao , Liu Yilan , Zeng Qingsong 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundNursing is acknowledged as being the art and science of caring. According to the theory of nursing as caring, all persons are caring but not every behaviour of a person is caring. Caring behaviours in the relationship between first‐line nurse managers and Registered Nurses have been studied to a lesser extent than those that exist between patients and nurses. Caring behaviour of first‐line nurse managers from the perspective of Registered Nurses is as of yet unknown. Identifying caring behaviours may be useful as a reference for first‐line nurse managers caring for nurses in a way that nurses prefer.AimsTo explore first‐line nurse managers' caring behaviours from the perspective of Registered Nurses in mainland China.DesignQualitative study, using descriptive phenomenological approach.MethodsFifteen Registered Nurses recruited by purposive sampling method took part in in‐depth interviews. Data were analysed according to Colaizzi's technique.ResultsThree themes of first‐line nurse managers' caring behaviours emerged: promoting professional growth, exhibiting democratic leadership and supporting work‐life balance.ConclusionsA better understanding of the first‐line nurse managers' caring behaviours is recognised. The three kinds of behaviours have significant meaning to nurse managers. Future research is needed to describe what first‐line nurse managers can do to promote nurses' professional growth, increase the influence of democratic leadership, as well as support their work‐life balance.
Family caregiving during 1‐year follow‐up in individuals with advanced chronic organ failure
Authors: Nakken Nienke , Spruit Martijn A. , Wouters Emiel F.M. , Schols Jos M.G.A. , Janssen Daisy J.A. 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundFamily caregivers already have a paramount role in daily care for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic heart failure (CHF), or chronic renal failure (CRF). To date, it remains unknown whether and to what extent the experience of caregiving changes over time.ObjectivesTo examine changes in caregiver burden and positive aspects of caregiving during 1‐year follow‐up in patients with advanced COPD, CHF or CRF and to study determinants of changes in caregiver burden and positive aspects of caregiving.MethodsIn this longitudinal observational study, patients and their family caregivers who had complete data at baseline and 12 months (n = 104) and family caregivers of patients who died during 1‐year follow‐up (n = 15) were included. Caregiver burden and positive aspects of caregiving were assessed using the Family Appraisal of Caregiving Questionnaire for Palliative Care (FACQ‐PC). Domain scores were classified into three categories, and baseline characteristics were compared between these categories.ResultsA majority of the individuals showed 1‐year changes in FACQ‐PC domain scores. These individual changes were not explained by demographic or clinical patient characteristics at baseline or changes in patient characteristics during 1‐year follow‐up. Furthermore, caregiver burden was higher for caregivers of patients who died during 1‐year follow‐up compared to caregivers whose relative completed 1‐year follow‐up.ConclusionThis study showed that caregiver burden and positive aspects of caregiving can change over time, and these changes are highly individual. Therefore, healthcare providers should regularly pay attention to family caregivers, regardless the patients' characteristics.
Dietary Restrictions in Dialysis Patients: Is There Anything Left to Eat?
Authors: Kalantar‐Zadeh Kamyar , Tortorici Amanda R. , Chen Joline L. T. , Kamgar Mohammad , Lau Wei‐Ling , Moradi Hamid , Rhee Connie M. , Streja Elani , Kovesdy Csaba P. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA significant number of dietary restrictions are imposed traditionally and uniformly on maintenance dialysis patients, whereas there is very little data to support their benefits. Recent studies indicate that dietary restrictions of phosphorus may lead to worse survival and poorer nutritional status. Restricting dietary potassium may deprive dialysis patients of heart‐healthy diets and lead to intake of more atherogenic diets. There is little data about the survival benefits of dietary sodium restriction, and limiting fluid intake may inherently lead to lower protein and calorie consumption, when in fact dialysis patients often need higher protein intake to prevent and correct protein‐energy wasting. Restricting dietary carbohydrates in diabetic dialysis patients may not be beneficial in those with burnt‐out diabetes. Dietary fat including omega‐3 fatty acids may be important caloric sources and should not be restricted. Data to justify other dietary restrictions related to calcium, vitamins, and trace elements are scarce and often contradictory. The restriction of eating during hemodialysis treatment is likely another incorrect practice that may worsen hemodialysis induced hypoglycemia and nutritional derangements. We suggest careful relaxation of most dietary restrictions and adoption of a more balanced and individualized approach, thereby easing some of these overzealous restrictions that have not been proven to offer major advantages to patients and their outcomes and which may in fact worsen patients' quality of life and satisfaction. This manuscript critically reviews the current paradigms and practices of recommended dietary regimens in dialysis patients including those related to dietary protein, carbohydrate, fat, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and calcium, and discusses the feasibility and implications of adherence to ardent dietary restrictions and future research.
Polymicrobial bacterial or fungal infections: incidence, spectrum of infection, risk factors, and clinical outcomes from a large hematopoietic stem cell transplant center
Authors: Trifilio S. , Zhou Z. , Fong J.L. , Zomas A. , Liu D. , Zhao C. , Zhang J. , Mehta J. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundInfections cause significant morbidity and mortality for patients who undergo hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Cancer patients who develop polymicrobial infection (PI) are at increased risk for poor clinical outcomes, yet very limited data have been published within the HSCT setting.MethodsAn observational study of 901 stem cell transplant recipients was conducted at Northwestern Memorial Hospital to identify the incidence, risk factors and outcomes for HSCT recipients who develop infection(s) with multiple bacterial or fungal organisms.ResultsAmong 901 HSCT recipients reviewed (675 autografts and 226 allografts), 237 patients (27%) had microbiologically documented microorganisms isolated, including 179 patients (76%) with monomicrobial infection and 59 patients (24%) with multiple microorganisms, of which 34 (14%) were classified as PI, and 25 (10%) as multiple distinct episodes of infection.ConclusionThe results show co‐infection with multiple organisms during HSCT is relatively rare; however, these patients are at an increased risk for the development of acute graft‐versus‐host disease, delayed engraftment, and overall mortality.
Impact of nucleic acid amplification test on screening of blood donors in Northern Pakistan
Authors: Niazi Saifullah Khan , Bhatti Farhat Abbas , Salamat Nuzhat , Ghani Eijaz , Tayyab Muhammad 
Published: February 2015

BACKGROUNDThe Armed Forces Institute of Transfusion located in Rawalpindi, Northern Pakistan, acts as a regional blood center with more than 50,000 donations collected annually. Nucleic acid amplification testing (NAT) was introduced in our institution in September 2012 for screening all seronegative blood donors.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThe study was conducted from September 21, 2012, to September 20, 2013. Samples from the seronegative donors were run on cobas s 201 platform (Roche) in pools of six. Reactive donors were followed up for further confirmatory testing to rule out false‐positive results. Viral load estimation was done for all NAT‐reactive donors.RESULTSAfter serologic screening of 56,772 blood donors, 2334 were found to be reactive; 719 (1.27%) were reactive for hepatitis B surface antigen, 1046 (1.84%) for antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti‐HCV), 12 (0.02%) for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus, and 557 (0.98%) for syphilis antibodies. A total of 27 NAT‐reactive donors were confirmed after testing 54,438 seronegative donors, with an overall NAT yield of one in 2016 donors: 23 for hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA (HBV NAT yield, 1:2367) and four for HCV RNA (HCV NAT yield, 1:13,609). The residual risk after NAT implementation, calculated for the first‐time blood donors, was 62.5 and 4.4 per million donors for HBV and HCV, respectively.CONCLUSIONSNAT has improved the safety of blood products at our transfusion institution. Confirmation of NAT results must always be done either on follow‐up samples or on samples from the retrieved frozen plasma bag.
Evaluation of different testing methods for identification of RhIG in red blood cell antibody detection
Authors: Mikesell Kael V. , George Melissa R. , Castellani William J. , Domen Ronald E. , Gould Joy M. , Davis Jerry W. , Herman Jay H. 
Published: February 2015

BACKGROUNDRhIG has had great success in protecting fetuses from potential harm; however, little work has been done to demonstrate how long RhIG reactivity is detected in the mother after administration when using common red blood cell antibody detection methods.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSA retrospective investigation was performed examining positive antibody identification panels due to RhIG. These panels were run on solid‐phase (SP) testing. The time to a positive result, length of detection, and positive strength of reactivity (PSR) were evaluated. Additionally, a comparative study was performed evaluating how sensitive SP, gel (GT), and tube testing (TT) were at detecting RhIG using serially diluted plasma samples spiked with different RhIG formulas.RESULTSRetrospectively, most antibody identification panels by SP were positive 3.5 months after RhIG administration and demonstrated a strong PSR. The longest recorded positive panel was present at 4.5 months. RhIG administered intramuscularly could not be detected until several hours after injection. The comparative study showed that SP was the most sensitive method while GT and TT were comparable to one another in detecting RhIG. SP also recorded strong PSR at very low concentrations of RhIG. GT and TT recorded weak PSR even with higher concentrations of RhIG.CONCLUSIONSP is the most sensitive testing method and has the ability to detect RhIG 4 to 5 months after administration. TT and GT have the ability to detect RhIG up to 3 to 4 months after administration. Different RhIG formulas may show slightly different lengths of detection.
Computing Néron–Severi groups and cycle class groups
Authors: Poonen Bjorn , Testa Damiano , van Luijk Ronald 
Published: February 2015

Assuming the Tate conjecture and the computability of étale cohomology with finite coefficients, we give an algorithm that computes the Néron–Severi group of any smooth projective geometrically integral variety, and also the rank of the group of numerical equivalence classes of codimension $p$cycles for any$p$.
Eye‐specific visual processing in the mouse suprachiasmatic nuclei
Authors: Walmsley Lauren , Brown Timothy M. 
Published: February 2015

Key points
Daily changes in global levels of illumination synchronise daily physiological rhythms via bilateral retinal projections to the suprachiasmatic nuclei.
We aimed to determine how retinal signals are integrated within the suprachiasmatic nuclei.
By monitoring electrophysiological responses to visual stimuli we show that most suprachiasmatic neurons receive input from just one eye.
Our results establish that suprachiasmatic neurons measure local light intensity and that any assessment of global light levels occurs at the network level.
AbstractInternal circadian clocks are important regulators of mammalian biology, acting to coordinate physiology and behaviour in line with daily changes in the environment. At present, synchronisation of the circadian system to the solar cycle is believed to rely on a quantitative assessment of total ambient illumination, provided by a bilateral projection from the retina to the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). It is currently unclear, however, whether this photic integration occurs at the level of individual cells or within the SCN network. Here we use extracellular multielectrode recordings from the SCN of anaesthetised mice to show that most SCN neurons receive visual input from just one eye. While we find that binocular inputs to a subset of cells are important for rapid responses to changes in illumination, we find no evidence indicating that individual SCN cells are capable of reporting the average light intensity across the whole visual field. As a result of these local irradiance coding properties, our data establish that photic integration is primarily mediated at the level of the SCN network and suggest that accurate assessments of global light levels would be impaired by non‐uniform illumination of either eye.