bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Greenhouse gas fluxes and NO release from a Chinese subtropical rice‐winter wheat rotation system under nitrogen fertilizer management
Authors: Yao Zhisheng , Zheng Xunhua , Wang Rui , Dong Haibo , Xie Baohua , Mei Baoling , Zhou Zaixing , Zhu Jianguo 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAlthough synthetic nitrogen fertilizers play an important role in increasing cereal grain yields, there have been increased concerns about their intensive utilization and environmental consequences. The overall goal of this study is to gain an insight into the integrated evaluation of greenhouse gas emission and nitric oxide (NO) release and grain yield as affected by nitrogen fertilization in a subtropical rice‐wheat rotation system. The assessment was based on four consecutive yearly measurements of the fluxes of methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and ecosystem respiration (CO2), and the simultaneous observation of NO emissions in nonrice seasons under three fertilization practices (i.e., the conventional farmers’ practice with common nitrogen application rate, an alternative practice with reduced nitrogen input, and no nitrogen application as a control). Clearly, these trace gas fluxes showed largely intra‐annual and interannual variations, highlighting the importance of entire year measurement for multiple years to achieve representative annual estimates. The annual mean CH4 fluxes varied from 95 kg C ha–1 (7.8 kg C t–1 grain) for the farmers’ practice to 205 kg C ha–1 (25.7 kg C t–1 grain) for the control, indicating that nitrogen fertilization inhibited CH4 emissions. Across all the years, the annual N2O emissions increased exponentially with an increasing nitrogen rate and harvested aboveground biomass. The annual N2O emission averaged 1.3–5.3 kg N ha–1(159–444 g N t–1 grain) for all treatments. The annual direct emission factors of N2O‐N tended to increase with increasing nitrogen rate and averaged 0.61% and 0.85% for the alternative and farmers’ practices, respectively. Over all nonrice seasons, the seasonal mean NO emissions ranged from 0.15 to 1.4 kg N ha–1(58–253 g N t–1 grain), and were equivalent to 0.43% to 0.54% of the applied nitrogen. Averaging across the 4 years, the annual aggregate emissions of CH4 and N2O were 7.4 t CO2‐eq ha–1(928 kg CO2‐eq t–1grain) for the control and 5.6–5.7 t CO2‐eq ha–1(468–494 kg CO2‐eq t–1grain) for the fertilized treatments. Despite the comparable greenhouse effect between the alternative and farmers’ practices, reducing the common N rate by 37% resulted in decreased NO emission and increased nitrogen use efficiency, and negligible effects on economic return from grain yields.
Application of supercritical fluid extraction coupled with counter–current chromatography for extraction and online isolation of unstable chemical components from Rosa damascena
Authors: Li Sainan , Guo Liping , Liu Chunming , Zhang Yuchi 
Published: April 2013

Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) coupled with high‐speed counter‐current chromatography (HSCCC) was successfully used for the extraction and online isolation of the unstable compounds from Rosa damascene in a single extraction and separation operation in two stages. The solvent systems of SFE/HSCCC were optimized with the help of multiexponential function model. At the first stage, the upper phase of the solvent system of n‐butanol–tert‐butyl methyl ether–acetonitrile–0.1% aqueous TFA (1.7:1.0:0.8:4.0, v/v/v/v) was used as both the SFE entrainer and the HSCCC stationary phase, and the target compounds were eluted with the corresponding lower phase to separate the hydrophobic compounds. At the second stage, the upper phase of the solvent system of n‐hexane–ethyl acetate–methanol–water (3.2:1.0:2.8:2.6, v/v/v/v) was used as both the SFE entrainer and the HSCCC stationary phase, followed by elution with the corresponding lower phase to separate the moderate hydrophobic compounds. Six compounds including formononetin, delphinidin, cyaniding, 5,6,4′‐trihydroxy‐7,8‐dimethoxy flavone, 5,3′‐dihydroxy‐7,8‐dimethoxy flavone, and 5‐hydroxy‐6,7,8,3′,4′‐pentamethoxy flavone were successfully separated in one extraction–separation operation within 300 min. The targeted compounds were identified by MS and NMR spectroscopy. This research has opened up great prospects for industrial application of SFE/HSCCC to the extraction and separation of unstable compounds.
Tribological properties of nano‐calcium borate as lithium grease additive
Authors: Zhao Gaiqing , Zhao Qin , Li Weimin , Wang Xiaobo , Liu Weimin 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTNano‐calcium borate (NCB) with an average particle size of about 70 nm was synthesised via ethanol supercritical fluid drying technique, and the morphology and microstructures of as‐prepared particles were characterised by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM, JEOL LTD., Tokyo, Japan) and X‐ray powder diffraction. The friction and wear behaviour of the NCB as additive in lithium grease were evaluated with an Optimol‐SRV IV (Optimol Instruments Prüftechnik GmbH, Munich, Germany) oscillating friction and wear tester (SRV tester). The morphology and surface composition of the worn surfaces of lower discs after SRV test were analysed by SEM and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, Physical Electronics, Inc., USA). The result demonstrated that the anti‐wear and load‐carrying capacities of the lithium grease were significantly improved, and the friction coefficient of the lithium grease decreased with the addition of NCB additive. The analytical results of XPS indicate that the good tribological performance of NCB is attributable to the formation of a boundary lubrication film composed of deposited NCB and the tribochemical reaction products such as B2O3, CaO and iron oxides on the rubbing surface. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Generalized Appell bases
Authors: Maldonado M. , Prada J. , Senosiain M. J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn the context of Köthe spaces we study the bases related with the backward unilateral weighted shift operator, the so‐called generalized derivation operator, extending known results for spaces of analytic functions. These bases are a subclass of Sheffer sequences called generalized Appell sequences and they are closely connected with the isomorphisms invariant by the weighted shift. We use methods of the non classical umbral calculi to give conditions for a generalized Appell sequence to be a basis.
A graph‐based approach to find teleconnections in climate data
Authors: Kawale Jaya , Liess Stefan , Kumar Arjun , Steinbach Michael , Snyder Peter , Kumar Vipin , Ganguly Auroop R. , Samatova Nagiza F. , Semazzi Fredrick 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPressure dipoles are important long distance climate phenomena (teleconnection) characterized by pressure anomalies of the opposite polarity appearing at two different locations at the same time. Such dipoles have been proven important for understanding and explaining the variability in climate in many regions of the world, e.g. the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) climate phenomenon, which is described by opposite pressure anomalies between the west and east Pacific and is known to be responsible for precipitation and temperature anomalies worldwide. This paper presents a graph‐based approach called shared reciprocal nearest neighbor approach that considers only reciprocal positive and negative edges in the shared nearest neighbor graph to find the dipoles. One crucial aspect of our approach to the analysis of such networks is a careful treatment of negative correlations, whose proper consideration is critical for finding the dipoles. Further, our work shows the importance of modeling the time‐dependent patterns of the dipoles in a changing climate in order to better capture the impact of important climate phenomena on the globe. To show the utility of finding dipoles using our approach, we show that the data driven dynamic climate indices generated from our algorithm generally perform better than static indices formed from the fixed locations used by climate scientists in terms of capturing impact on global temperature and precipitation. Our approach can generate a single snapshot picture of all the dipole interconnections on the globe in a given dataset and thus makes it possible to study the changes in dipole interactions and movements. As teleconnections are crucial in the understanding of the global climate system, there is a pressing need to better understand the behavior and interactions of these atmospheric processes as well as to capture them precisely. Our systematic graph‐based approach to find the teleconnections in climate data is an attempt in that direction. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 6: 158–179, 2013
Cell Surface Engineering with Edible Protein Nanoshells
Authors: Drachuk Irina , Shchepelina Olga , Harbaugh Svetlana , Kelley‐Loughnane Nancy , Stone Morley , Tsukruk Vladimir V. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractNatural protein (silk fibroin) nanoshells are assembled on the surface of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells without compromising their viability. The nanoshells facilitate initial protection of the cells and allow them to function in encapsulated state for some time period, afterwards being completely biodegraded and consumed by the cells. In contrast to a traditional methanol treatment, the gentle ionic treatment suggested here stabilizes the shell silk fibroin structure but does not compromise the viability of the cells, as indicated by the fast response of the encapsulated cells, with an immediate activation by the inducer molecules. Extremely high viability rates (up to 97%) and preserved activity of encapsulated cells are facilitated by cytocompatibility of the natural proteins and the formation of highly porous shells in contrast to traditional polyelectrolyte‐based materials. Moreover, in a high contrast to traditional synthetic shells, the silk proteins are biodegradable and can be consumed by cells at a later stage of growth, thus releasing the cells from their temporary protective capsules. These on‐demand encapsulated cells can be considered a valuable platform for biocompatible and biodegradable cell encapsulation, controlled cell protection in a synthetic environment, transfer to a device environment, and cell implantation followed by biodegradation and consumption of protective protein shells.
Resistless Nanoimprinting in Metal for Plasmonic Nanostructures
Authors: Varghese Leo T. , Fan Li , Xuan Yi , Tansarawiput Chookiat , Kim Sangsik , Qi Minghao 
Published: April 2013

AbstractMetal nanostructures are the main building blocks of metamaterials and plasmonics which show many extraordinary properties not existing in nature. A simple and widely applicable method that can directly pattern metals with silicon molds without the need of resists, using pressures of <4 MPa and temperatures of 25–150 °C is reported. Three‐dimensional structures with smooth and vertical sidewalls, down to sub‐10 nm resolution, are generated in silver and gold films in a single patterning step. Using this nanopatterning scheme, large‐scale vivid images through extraordinary optical transmission and strong surface‐enhanced Raman scattering substrates are realized. Resistless nanoimprinting in metal (RNIM) is a new class of metal patterning that allows plasmonic nanostructures to be fabricated quickly, repeatedly, and at a low‐cost.
Generating Novel Options during Systems Architecting: Psychological Principles, Systems Thinking, and Computer‐Based Aiding
Authors: Madni Azad M. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTSystems Architecting is a decision‐intensive process that stands to benefit from access to historical architectural options and the ability to rapidly generate novel ones. Despite this recognition, option generation, and, more precisely, the process of creative option generation has been underemphasized in both the decision making and system architecting literature. This paper reviews the literature on option generation from the perspective of systems architecting. It presents a framework for option generation that exploits systems thinking and psychological principles for stimulating creative option generation. It presents the system concept of an option generation aiding system that can assist systems architects in expanding and systematically exploring the option space in the early stages of architecting and design when cost avoidance is more easily achieved and change is possible.
Absorbable gelatin plug does not prevent iatrogenic preterm premature rupture of membranes after fetoscopic laser surgery for twin–twin transfusion syndrome
Authors: Papanna R. , Mann L. K. , Moise K. Y. , Johnson A. , Moise K. J. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveDespite fetoscopic laser ablation (FLA) having emerged as an effective treatment for twin–twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS), major postintervention challenges, such as iatrogenic preterm premature rupture of membranes (iPPROM), remain. A chorioamniotic plug (CAP) made of absorbable gelatin sponge has been used to seal the trocar entry site in the chorioamniotic layers to promote healing and prevent iPPROM, yet the results have been equivocal. Our objective was to test the hypothesis that, following FLA for TTTS, iPPROM may be prevented by placement of an absorbable gelatin CAP.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was performed on prospectively collected data from 134 consecutive patients who underwent FLA for TTTS. The decision for CAP placement was at the discretion of the physician. Preoperative, operative and postoperative variables were collected and analyzed. The primary outcome was the incidence of iPPROM, and the secondary outcomes were procedure‐to‐delivery interval and gestational age at delivery. Comparative statistical analysis was performed as appropriate.ResultsA CAP was placed in 72 (54%) of 134 patients. Factors significantly associated with CAP placement were higher gravidity (P = 0.03), anterior placentation (P = 0.04), general endotracheal intubation (P = 0.02) and a cannula diameter of 12‐Fr (P = 0.003). There were no differences between CAP and no‐CAP groups in the rate of iPPROM (39% vs 34%, respectively; P = 0.42) or in the procedure‐to‐delivery interval (65.3 ± 34.7 days vs 58.2 ± 30.8 days, respectively; P = 0.21). The gestational age at delivery was later in the CAP group compared with the no‐CAP group (30.7 ± 4.5 weeks vs 28.9 ± 3.9 weeks, respectively; P = 0.02).ConclusionsCAP did not reduce the overall risk for iPPROM and did not increase the procedure‐to‐delivery interval. Further research is needed to identify other methods to prevent iPPROM and prolong pregnancy after laser therapy. Copyright © 2013 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Nuchal translucency and major congenital heart defects in fetuses with normal karyotype: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Sotiriadis A. , Papatheodorou S. , Eleftheriades M. , Makrydimas G. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo pool published data regarding the sensitivity and specificity of nuchal translucency (NT) in the diagnosis of major congenital heart defects (CHDs) in fetuses with normal karyotype.MethodsMEDLINE and Scopus searches using combinations of the terms ‘nuchal’ and ‘cardiac*’ were complemented by perusal of references of the retrieved articles and an additional automated search using the ‘search for related articles’ function on PubMed. Only fetuses with normal karyotype and major CHDs were analyzed. Weighted estimates were made and summary receiver–operating characteristics curves were constructed.ResultsThe analysis included 20 studies (205 232 fetuses; 537 cases with major CHDs). The pooled sensitivity and specificity of NT > 95th centile for diagnosis of major CHDs was 44.4% (95% CI, 39.5–49.5) and 94.5% (95% CI, 94.4–94.6), respectively. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of NT > 99th centile was 19.5% (95% CI, 15.9–23.5) and 99.1% (95% CI, 99.1–99.2), respectively. For the subgroup of studies in which NT was measured by Fetal Medicine Foundation‐certified operators, the pooled sensitivity and specificity of NT > 95th centile was 45.6% (95% CI, 39.6–51.7) and 94.7% (95% CI, 94.6–94.9), respectively. The corresponding estimates for NT > 99th centile were 21.0% (95%CI, 16.5–26.1) and 99.2% (95% CI, 99.2–99.3). The pooled positive likelihood ratio for NT > 99th centile was 30.5 (95% CI, 24.3–38.6). There was high across‐studies heterogeneity for most estimates.ConclusionApproximately 44% of chromosomally normal fetuses with CHDs have NT > 95th centile and 20% have NT > 99th centile. However, there is high heterogeneity across studies, which largely remains even in subgroup analyses of studies of apparently similar design, potentially indicating the presence of some residual unidentified bias. Copyright © 2013 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Human ferritin for tumor detection and therapy
Authors: Fan Kelong , Gao Lizeng , Yan Xiyun 
Published: April 2013

AbstractFerritin, a major iron storage protein found in most living organisms, is composed of a 24‐subunit protein cage with a hollow interior cavity. Serum ferritin serves as a critical marker to detect total body iron status. However, recent research reveals a number of novel functions of ferritin besides iron storage; for example, a ferritin receptor, transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1), has been identified and serum ferritin levels are found to be elevated in tumors. A particular new finding is that magnetoferritin nanoparticles, biomimetically synthesized using H‐chain ferritin to form a 24‐subunit cage with an iron oxide core, possess intrinsic dual functionality, the protein shell specifically targeting tumors and the iron oxide core catalyzing peroxidase substrates to produce a color reaction allowing visualization of tumor tissues. Here we attempt to summarize current research on ferritin, particularly newly identified functions related to tumors, in order to address current challenges and highlight future directions. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2013, 5:287–298. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1221This article is categorized under:

Diagnostic Tools > In Vitro Nanoparticle-Based Sensing
Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Ammonothermal Synthesis and Crystal Structure of BaAl2(NH2)8·2NH3
Authors: Pust Philipp , Schmiechen Sebastian , Hintze Frauke , Schnick Wolfgang 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBaAl2(NH2)8·2NH3 was synthesized starting from an intermetallic phase with nominal composition Al2Ba under ammonothermal conditions in a stainless‐steel autoclave at 823 K and 245 MPa. Single crystals were grown on aluminum substrates and prepared under low‐temperature conditions. The crystal structure (R$\bar{3}$c (no. 167), a = 15.7370(17), c = 28.804(6) Å, Z = 1, 1829 reflections, 65 parameters, wR2 = 0.07) was solved on the basis of single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction data. BaAl2(NH2)8·2NH3 contains isolated Al(NH2)4‐tetrahedra forming two different types of channels along [001].
Renal Allograft Implantation on Prosthetic Vascular Grafts: Short‐ and Long‐term Results
Authors: Patrono Damiano , Verhelst Robert , Buemi Antoine , Goffette Pierre , De Pauw Luc , Kanaan Nada , Goffin Eric , De Meyer Martine , Mourad Michel 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundArterial anastomosis in transplant patients with severe aortic and iliac atheromatosis is technically challenging and may jeopardize the success of the transplantation procedure. The aim of this retrospective study was to report short‐ and long‐term results of a consecutive series of kidney transplant patients in whom the renal artery was implanted on a prosthetic vascular graft.Materials and methodsMedical charts and outpatient clinical records of patients who had undergone renal artery implantation on a prosthetic graft were reviewed. Data on patient characteristics, indications for transplantation, prior vascular procedures, surgical technique, and postoperative and long‐term outcome were collected.ResultsThe renal artery was implanted on a prosthetic graft in the course of 27 kidney transplantation procedures. Patients were divided into three groups according to the timing of the vascular intervention in relation to the transplantation. In group A (n = 22), the vascular prosthesis was implanted before kidney transplantation, in group B (n = 2), prosthetic iliac artery replacement and kidney transplantation were performed simultaneously, while in group C (n = 3), the vascular prosthesis was implanted after kidney transplantation. After a median follow‐up of 50.5 months, one case of early arterial thrombosis was observed (3.7 %). Infectious complications occurred in two patients (7.4 %) related to mycotic pseudoaneurysms. One hematoma and one evisceration were also encountered, but no late arterial thrombosis nor stenosis were noted. Mean creatinine levels at 1 and 5 years of follow‐up were 1.32 ± 0.36 and 1.27 ± 0.56 mg/dl, respectively. Five‐year patient and graft survival rates were 85.2 and 74 %, respectively.ConclusionsGrafting of the renal artery to a vascular prosthesis is feasible and yields good results, despite the technical difficulties involved. We stress the importance of good teamwork.
How to Attain Ultralow Interfacial Tension and Three‐Phase Behavior with Surfactant Formulation for Enhanced Oil Recovery: A Review. Part 1. Optimum Formulation for Simple Surfactant–Oil–Water Ternary Systems
Authors: Salager Jean‐Louis , Forgiarini Ana M. , Bullón Johnny 
Published: April 2013

AbstractEnhanced recovery of crude oil by surfactant flooding requires the attainment of an ultralow interfacial tension. Since Winsor's work in the 1950s it has been known that a minimum interfacial tension and a concomitant three‐phase behavior of a surfactant–oil–water system occurs when the interactions of the surfactant and the oil and water phases are exactly equal. It has been known since the 1970s that these conditions are attained when a linear correlation is satisfied between the formulation variables, which are characteristic parameters of the substances as well as the temperature. This first part of our review on how to attain ultralow interfacial tension for enhanced oil recovery shows how formulation scan techniques using these correlations are used to determine an optimum formulation and to characterize unknown surfactants and oils. The physicochemical significance of the original empirical correlation is reported as the surfactant affinity difference or hydrophilic–lipophilic deviation model. We report the range of accurate validity of, and how to test, this simple model with four variables.