bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Czas życia jako paradygmat kultury – starość / Man’s Life as a Cultural Paradigm : Old Age. Stanisław Kołakowski’s Man’s Life (1584) and Jan Protasowicz’s a Mirror of the Old Man (1597)
Authors: Krzysztofik Małgorzata 
Published: July 2013

Summary
This article is concerned with the notion of the ages of man’s life seen from the anthropo-logical perspective as a cultural paradigm. It is obvious in all cultures that anybody who has lived a long life has to pass through the stages of childhood, youth, adulthood down to old age. Although these four ages are universally acknowledged, the length of each phase, its relative quality and value are subject to cultural variation. To reconstruct the topoi used to highlight both the more attractive and the negative aspects of old age the article examines the contents of two books from the late 16th century, Stanisław Kołakowski’s Man’s Life (1584) and Jan Protasowicz’s A Mirror of the Old Man (1597). Chief among the benefits peculiar to senectitude is the respect given to the old man’s wisdom, his counsel and advice, the quality of his political leadership; accordingly the senex can function as a paragon of virtues, a holy man who blesses the young generation, a hale old man enjoying his well-earned retirement, and a pious old man preparing for death. This complimentary picture of the rewards of old age is however offset by its accumulating ills and miseries, clumsiness and decrepitude, habitual whinging and complaining, childishness, ill-health, loneliness, naivete, proneness to romantic infatuation and ridicule. All those features that are conditioned by the nature of biological rythms and processes have a permanence about them that makes them constants of the literary descriptions of old age. The culture of the Renaissance was on the whole unfavourably disposed towards senectitude, which is borne out by the two texts analyzed in this article.
Portret Jako Jednostka Kulturowej Historii Literatury / The Portrait as a Unit of the Cultural History of Literature
Authors: Popiel Magdalena 
Published: July 2013

Summary
This article is concerned with the role of the literary and the photographic portrait in the cultural history of literature. It argues that a new appraisal of the history of literature should take into account the prominent role of pictorial representation in contemporary culture. In practice, getting to grips with the multimediality of literary history means not only taking note of the interaction of various modes of communication but also adopting a nonlinear perspective, liberated from the ordering hegemony of language and narration, and based on the rhythm of Warburg’s formulas of pathos. The new approach should draw freely on inspirations from the history of art and anchor its discourse in the conceptual frameworks of anthropological aesthetics, Visual Culture Studies and case studies. One can expect that it would show its exceptional worth when applied to the study of multimedia artists like Stanisław Witkiewicz and Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz.
Łaciński pierwowzór kazań maryjnych Jana z Szamotuł (Paterka) / The Latin Source of the Marian Sermons of Jan of Szamotu Ły (Paterek)
Authors: Mazurkiewicz Roman 
Published: July 2013

Summary
This author of this article has tracked down the Latin source of the Marian Sermons of Jan of Szamotuły aka Paterek (c. 1480-1519). The extant MS of the Sermons, is dated to the early 16th century. They cover the stories of the Immaculate Conception, the Nativity, the Holy Name, and the Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary. Although indebted in their structure and theological content to medieval scholastic treaties, they were generally believed to be Jan of Szamotuły’s own work. Now we know that his source was a volume of sermons Stellarium coronae Benedictae Mariae Virginis, written by the Hungarian Franciscan Pelbart of Temesvar (c. 1435-1504). The two texts are compared with a view of identifying the characteristic features of the Polish translation (paraphrase). The article also presents some conjectures about the date and circumstances of the writing of the Sermons and their prospective use.
Ważyk metafizyczny? / Ważyk – A Metaphysician?
Authors: Święch Jerzy 
Published: July 2013

Summary
Adam Ważyk’s last volume of poems Zdarzenia (Events) (1977) can be read as a resume of the an avant-garde artist’s life that culminated in the discovery of a new truth about the human condition. The poems reveal his longing for a belief that human life, the mystery of life and death, makes sense, ie. that one’s existence is subject to the rule of some overarching necessity, opened onto the last things, rather than a plaything of chance. That entails a rejection of the idea of man’s self-sufficiency as an illusion, even though that kind of individual sovereignty was the cornerstone of modernist art. The art of late modernity, it may be noted, was already increasingly aware of the dangers of putting man’s ‘ontological security’ at risk. Ważyk’s last volume exemplifies this tendency although its poems appear to remain within the confines of a Cubist poetics which he himself helped to establish. In fact, however, as our readings of the key poems from Events make clear, he employs his accustomed techniques for a new purpose. The shift of perspective can be described as ‘metaphysical’, not in any strict sense of the word, but rather as a shorthand indicator of the general mood of these poems, filled with events which seem to trap the characters into a supernatural order of things. The author sees that much, even though he does not look with the eye of a man of faith. It may be just a game - and Ważyk was always fond of playing games - but in this one the stakes are higher than ever. Ultimately, this game is about salvation. Ważyk is drawn into it by a longing for the wholeness of things and a dissatisfaction with all forms of mediation, including the Cubist games of deformation and fragmentation of the object. It seems that the key to Ważyk’s late phase is to be found in his disillusionment with the twentieth-century avant-gardes. Especially the poems of Events contain enough clues to suggest that the promise of Cubism and surrealism - which he sought to fuse in his poetic theory and practice - was short-lived and hollow.
Miejsca pamięci czy pamięć miejsc? Kilka refleksji na temat uobecniania przeszłości w literaturze współczesnej / Sites of Memory or the Memory of Sites? A Few Thoughts About the Re-Presentation of History in Contemporary Literature
Authors: Delaperrière Maria 
Published: July 2013

Summary
Armed with two terms lieux de mémoire (Pierre Nora) and non-lieu (Marc Auge), the author of this article revisits the field of literature and memory studies. With the help of these interdisciplinary tools she explores the sites where the tangled knots of History and literature, History and memory, and individual and collective memories are closely linked with a (metaphorical, pragmatic, psychological) locus. By virtue of that connectedness remembrance (recall of the past) is pregnant with multiple variants and possibilities. At the same time the literary lieux de mémoire undergo an evolution - from a ritualized commemoration through gradual loss of symbolic authority to indistinctness (atopia) - driven by the processes of history.
Performance des organisations et bien-être des usagers : quels modes de pilotage et d'intervention ?
Authors: Grenier Corinne , Martin Virginie 
Published: July 2013

Promouvoir des organisations performantes pour délivrer des prestations de santé de qualité constitue l’agenda de travail d’une grande variété d’acteurs (autorités publiques, agences, directeurs, équipes, professionnels...) qui prend la forme depuis de nombreuses années d’une multitude de réglementations, de recommandations de bonnes pratiques, de dispositifs organisationnels et managériaux et d’outils de sa mesure... Alors qu’on peut légitimement considérer que les organisations de santé ont répondu à ces exigences, l’on peine encore à démontrer une juste relation entre performance et bien-être des usagers. Seraient en cause : une visée appauvrie de la performance vers une logique de rationalisation des services, des instruments qui peinent à intégrer les logiques de soin et de gestion, une multiplicité de recommandations qui ne facilitent pas l’apprentissage dans le temps... Cet article se propose de discuter cet apparent paradoxe, en prônant une impérieuse nécessité de concevoir la performance des organisations de santé de manière systémique, partagée et contextualisée, à travers trois axes de discussion : dépasser le discours de la performance pour la qualité vers de réelles pratiques collectives, la construction et l’utilisation d’outils de mesure appropriés et l’empowerment des acteurs pour soutenir une méthodologie participative de construction du sens de la notion de performance.
IL-22 Regulates Iron Availability In Vivo through the Induction of Hepcidin
Authors: Smith Carole L. , Arvedson Tara L. , Cooke Keegan S. , Dickmann Leslie J. , Forte Carla , Li Hongyan , Merriam Kimberly L. , Perry V. Kristina , Tran Linh , Rottman James B. , Maxwell Joseph R. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Iron is a trace element important for the proper folding and function of various proteins. Physiological regulation of iron stores is of critical importance for RBC production and antimicrobial defense. Hepcidin is a key regulator of iron levels within the body. Under conditions of iron deficiency, hepcidin expression is reduced to promote increased iron uptake from the diet and release from cells, whereas during conditions of iron excess, induction of hepcidin restricts iron uptake and movement within the body. The cytokine IL-6 is well established as an important inducer of hepcidin. The presence of this cytokine during inflammatory states can induce hepcidin production, iron deficiency, and anemia. In this study, we show that IL-22 also influences hepcidin production in vivo. Injection of mice with exogenous mouse IgG1 Fc fused to the N terminus of mouse IL-22 (Fc–IL-22), an IL-22R agonist with prolonged and enhanced functional potency, induced hepcidin production, with a subsequent decrease in circulating serum iron and hemoglobin levels and a concomitant increase in iron accumulation within the spleen. This response was independent of IL-6 and was attenuated in the absence of the IL-22R–associated signaling kinase, Tyk2. Ab-mediated blockade of hepcidin partially reversed the effects on iron biology caused by IL-22R stimulation. Taken together, these data suggest that exogenous IL-22 regulates hepcidin production to physiologically influence iron usage.
A Critical Context-Dependent Role for E Boxes in the Targeting of Somatic Hypermutation
Authors: McDonald Jessica J. , Alinikula Jukka , Buerstedde Jean-Marie , Schatz David G. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Secondary B cell repertoire diversification occurs by somatic hypermutation (SHM) in germinal centers following Ag stimulation. In SHM, activation-induced cytidine deaminase mutates the V region of the Ig genes to increase the affinity of Abs. Although SHM acts primarily at Ig loci, low levels of off-target mutation can result in oncogenic DNA damage, illustrating the importance of understanding SHM targeting mechanisms. A candidate targeting motif is the E box, a short DNA sequence (CANNTG) found abundantly in the genome and in many SHM target genes. Using a reporter assay in chicken DT40 B cells, we previously identified a 1928-bp portion of the chicken IgL locus capable of supporting robust SHM. In this article, we demonstrate that mutation of all 20 E boxes in this fragment reduces SHM targeting activity by 90%, and that mutation of subsets of E boxes reveals a functional hierarchy in which E boxes within “core” targeting regions are of greatest importance. Strikingly, when the sequence and spacing of the 20 E boxes are preserved but surrounding sequences are altered, SHM targeting activity is eliminated. Hence, although E boxes are vital SHM targeting elements, their function is completely dependent on their surrounding sequence context. These results suggest an intimate cooperation between E boxes and other sequence motifs in SHM targeting to Ig loci and perhaps also in restricting mistargeting to certain non-Ig loci.
Correlation of Ultrasonographic Parameters with Serum Creatinine in Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Siddappa Jagdeesh K. , Singla Saurabh , Al Ameen Mohammed , Rakshith S.C. , Kumar Naveen 
Published: July 2013

Objective:The purpose of our study is to correlate renal echogenicity with serum creatinine in order to determine the significance of renal echogenicity when it comes to identifying the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and for the sonographic grading of CKD.Materials and Methods:Sixty patients above 30 years of age who had been diagnosed with CKD according to the guidelines of the National Kidney Foundation were included in the study. Patients on kidney replacement therapy or with fatty liver findings on ultrasonography were excluded. Ultrasounds of kidneys were performed by two radiologists who were blind to the patients’ serum creatinine levels. Renal cortical echogenicity was compared with serum creatinine. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Scheffe's test. The relationship between serum creatinine and sonographic features was assessed by correlation coefficient analysis. APvalue less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results:Mean serum creatinine was 2.80 mg/dl for Grade 1 (range: 0.9-9.2 mg/dl), 3.69 mg/dl for Grade 2 (range: 1.2-10.3 mg/dl), 3.86 mg/dl for Grade 3 (range: 1.1-6.5 mg/dl), and 7.90 mg/dl for Grade 4 (range: 3.1-11.4 mg/dl). The grades being determined by cortical echogenicity on imaging A statistically significant, positive correlation was observed between serum creatinine and grading based on cortical echogenicity (P= 0.004).Conclusion:Renal echogenicity and its grading correlates better with serum creatinine in CKD than other sonographic parameters such as longitudinal size, parenchymal thickness, and cortical thickness. Hence, renal echogenicity is a better parameter than serum creatinine for estimating renal function in CKD, and has the added advantage of irreversibility.
Appartenance syndicale et âgisme : approche comparée en Europe
Authors: Barel Yvan , Frémeaux Sandrine 
Published: July 2013

Si le poids des syndicats constitue une variable contextuelle importante en matière de management de la diversité, l’incidence de l’appartenance syndicale en elle-même est moins connue. S’appuyant sur l’enquête ESS 2008-2009 sollicitée par la Commission Européenne et menée auprès de 48 141 individus répartis dans 25 pays européens, cette étude vise à apprécier l’impact négatif de l’appartenance syndicale sur l’âgisme envers les personnes âgées. Bien que l’appartenance syndicale dans les pays d’Europe du Nord est souvent expliquée par les avantages matériels auxquels elle ouvre droit, elle réduit davantage l’âgisme dans ces pays que dans les autres pays d’Europe.
Impaired Intervertebral Disc Development and Premature Disc Degeneration in Mice With Notochord‐Specific Deletion of CCN2
Authors: Bedore Jake , Sha Wei , McCann Matthew R. , Liu Shangxi , Leask Andrew , Séguin Cheryle A. 
Published: July 2013

ObjectiveCurrently, our ability to treat intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is hampered by an incomplete understanding of disc development and aging. The specific function of matricellular proteins, including CCN2, during these processes remains an enigma. The aim of this study was to determine the tissue‐specific localization of CCN proteins and to characterize their role in IVD tissues during embryonic development and age‐related degeneration by using a mouse model of notochord‐specific CCN2 deletion.MethodsExpression of CCN proteins was assessed in IVD tissues from wild‐type mice beginning on embryonic day 15.5 to 17 months of age. Given the enrichment of CCN2 in notochord‐derived tissues, we generated notochord‐specific CCN2–null mice to assess the impact on the IVD structure and extracellular matrix composition. Using a combination of histologic evaluation and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), IVD health was assessed.ResultsLoss of the CCN2 gene in notochord‐derived cells disrupted the formation of IVDs in embryonic and newborn mice, resulting in decreased levels of aggrecan and type II collagen and concomitantly increased levels of type I collagen within the nucleus pulposus. CCN2‐knockout mice also had altered expression of CCN1 (Cyr61) and CCN3 (Nov). Mirroring its role during early development, notochord‐specific CCN2 deletion accelerated age‐associated degeneration of IVDs.ConclusionUsing a notochord‐specific gene targeting strategy, this study demonstrates that CCN2 expression by nucleus pulposus cells is essential to the regulation of IVD development and age‐associated tissue maintenance. The ability of CCN2 to regulate the composition of the intervertebral disc suggests that it may represent an intriguing clinical target for the treatment of disc degeneration.
Developments in crops and management systems to improve lignocellulosic feedstock production
Authors: Coulman Bruce , Dalai Ajay , Heaton Emily , Lee Camilo Perez , Lefsrud Mark , Levin David , Lemaux Peggy G. , Neale David , Shoemaker Sharon P. , Singh Jaswinder , Smith Donald L. , Whalen Joann K. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThere is an urgent need to develop viable, renewable, sustainable energy systems that can reduce global dependence on fossil fuel sources of energy. Biofuels such as ethanol are being utilized as blends in surface transportation fuels and have the potential to improve sustainability and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the short term. Bioethanol, the most widely used liquid biofuel, is currently produced by converting sugars or starches from feed crops into ethanol. Use of this fuel source displaces and draws water consumption away from agricultural crops, increases soil erosion by shifting land from perennial grasses to annual crops, and increases use of fertilizers and insecticides. In contrast, bioethanol made from lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks does not have these limitations and in addition, offers a larger resource base: the amount of cellulosic material available for potential use vastly outweighs the amount of available starch‐based feedstock. Therefore, bioethanol from lignocellulosic biomass has attracted considerable interest from biofuel developers. This review is an update of some developments to optimize cellulose extraction from feedstock crops and to improve crop yields and logistics. It concludes that agricultural and forestry systems that incorporate lignocellulosic biomass crops can be designed for improved ecological function and energy use efficiency. Development of crops that have both desirable cell‐wall traits and high biomass productivity under sustainable low‐input conditions can significantly enhance the economics and efficiency of the conversion process. Optimizing the logistics of moving feedstock from field or forest to bio‐refinery can significantly reduce costs of using lignocellulosic feedstocks. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Ancestry runs deeper than blood: The evolutionary history of ABO points to cryptic variation of functional importance
Authors: Ségurel Laure , Gao Ziyue , Przeworski Molly 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe ABO histo‐blood group, first discovered over a century ago, is found not only in humans but also in many other primate species, with the same genetic variants maintained for at least 20 million years. Polymorphisms in ABO have been associated with susceptibility to a large number of human diseases, from gastric cancers to immune or artery diseases, but the adaptive phenotypes to which the polymorphism contributes remain unclear. We suggest that variation in ABO has been maintained by frequency‐dependent or fluctuating selection pressures, potentially arising from co‐evolution with gut pathogens. We further hypothesize that the histo‐blood group labels A, B, AB, and O do not offer a full description of variants maintained by natural selection, implying that there are unrecognized, functionally important, antigens beyond the ABO group in humans and other primates.
Scale‐up of a Fluidized Bed Crystallizer on the Basis of Solid Suspension
Authors: Sha Z. , Xiong C. , Chen Q. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe scale‐up of a fluidized bed crystallizer was studied based on solid spatial concentration distribution in the crystallizer, which was obtained with the simulation of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The variations of solid spatial concentration distributions in the crystallizers were investigated based on different specific energy inputs. A strategy for the scale‐up of the crystallizer was suggested based on the different states of solid suspension.
Experimental and Calculated CPL Spectra and Related Spectroscopic Data of Camphor and Other Simple Chiral Bicyclic Ketones
Authors: Longhi Giovanna , Castiglioni Ettore , Abbate Sergio , Lebon France , Lightner David A. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTUV, circular dichroism (CD), fluorescence and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) spectra were recorded for a set of four related [2.2.1] bicyclic compounds ((1S,4S)‐and (1R,4R)‐1,7,7‐trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan‐2‐one, namely (1S)‐ and (1R)‐camphor (1), (1S,4R)‐4,7,7‐trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept‐5‐en‐2‐one, (1S)‐dehydro‐epicamphor (2), (1S,4S)‐1,7,7‐trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptane‐2,5‐dione, (1S)‐5‐oxocamphor (3), (1S,4R)‐ and (1R,4S)‐1,7,7‐trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptane‐2,3‐dione, (1S)‐ and (1R)‐camphorquinone (4)) and a set of three related [2.2.2] bicyclic compounds (1S,4S)‐bicyclo[2.2.2]octan‐2,5‐dione (saturated diketone (5)), (1R,4R)‐bicyclo[2.2.2]oct‐7‐en‐2,5‐dione (unsaturated diketone (6)), ((1S,4S)‐bicyclo[2.2.2]oct‐7‐en‐5(S)‐ol‐2‐one (which we refer to as unsaturated hydroxy‐ketone (7)). For the latter three compounds also mid‐IR vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectra were recorded and are presented. Time‐Dependent Density Functional (TD‐DFT) calculations provide a satisfactory interpretation of both absorption and emission chiroptical spectra and permit insight into ground and excited state electronic properties. We discuss the applicability of the octant rule or of other approximated models to rationalize the observed sign of the CPL. Chirality 25:589–599, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Conformational Equilibria of Bridled Chiroporphyrins in Solution Investigated by Vibrational Circular Dichroism
Authors: Castaings Anna , Marchon Jean‐Claude , Cavagnat Dominique , Buffeteau Thierry 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTA series of bridled chiroporphyrins (BCP) and their metal complexes were prepared, in which two n‐methylene straps connect adjacent meso substituents by ester linkages. These compounds can exist as four atropisomers (αααα, αβαβ, αααβ, or ααββ) depending on the position of the meso groups relative to the macrocycle (α when above and β when below). We characterized the conformation of these chiral porphyrins and their metal (Zn, Ni, Mn) complexes by vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) associated with ab initio calculations. VCD spectra of the three metalloporphyrins were recorded in CDCl3 and benzene solutions and ab initio calculations of their four atropoisomers were performed at the Density Functional Theory (DFT) level. The bridled chiroporphyrin with the longer straps (9 CH2) and its nickel(II) complex can be isolated as the αβαβ atropisomer in the solid state and were found with the same conformation in CDCl3 and benzene solutions. The bridled chiroporphyrin with the shortest straps (8 CH2) and its zinc(II) complex can be isolated as the αααα atropisomer in the solid state, but in solution they are subject to atropisomeric equilibria, resulting in atropisomer distributions that are strongly solvent‐dependent. Comparison of the experimental VCD spectra with the predicted spectra of the four atropisomers allowed the quantification of these distributions. Finally, the manganese(III) complex also exhibits an atropisomeric equilibria in solution which is slightly solvent‐dependent. Chirality 25:480–486, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.