bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical Metal/Semiconductor Nanostructure for Efficient Water Splitting
Authors: Thiyagarajan Pradheep , Ahn Hyo‐Jin , Lee Jung‐Soo , Yoon Jong‐Chul , Jang Ji‐Hyun 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA hierarchically patterned metal/semiconductor (gold nanoparticles/ZnO nanowires) nanostructure with maximized photon trapping effects is fabricated via interference lithography (IL) for plasmon enhanced photo‐electrochemical water splitting in the visible region of light. Compared with unpatterned (plain) gold nanoparticles‐coated ZnO NWs (Au NPs/ZnO NWs), the hierarchically patterned Au NPs/ZnO NWs hybrid structures demonstrate higher and wider absorption bands of light leading to increased surface enhanced Raman scattering due to the light trapping effects achieved by the combination of two different nanostructure dimensions; furthermore, pronounced plasmonic enhancement of water splitting is verified in the hierarchically patterned Au NPs/ZnO NWs structures in the visible region. The excellent performance of the hierarchically patterned Au NPs/ZnO NWs indicates that the combination of pre‐determined two different dimensions has great potential for application in solar energy conversion, light emitting diodes, as well as SERS substrates and photoelectrodes for water splitting.
TG13 management bundles for acute cholangitis and cholecystitis
Authors: Okamoto Kohji , Takada Tadahiro , Strasberg Steven M. , Solomkin Joseph S. , Pitt Henry A. , Garden O. James , Büchler Markus W. , Yoshida Masahiro , Miura Fumihiko , Kimura Yasutoshi , Higuchi Ryota , Yamashita Yuichi , Mayumi Toshihiko , Gomi Harumi , Kusachi Shinya , Kiriyama Seiki , Yokoe Masamichi , Lau Wan‐Yee , Kim Myung‐Hwan 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBundles that define mandatory items or procedures to be performed in clinical practice have been increasingly used in guidelines in recent years. Observance of bundles enables improvement of the prognosis of target diseases as well as guideline preparation. There were no bundles adopted in the Tokyo Guidelines 2007, but the updated Tokyo Guidelines 2013 (TG13) have adopted this useful tool. Items or procedures strongly recommended in clinical practice have been prepared in the practical guidelines and presented as management bundles. TG13 defined the mandatory items for the management of acute cholangitis and acute cholecystitis. Critical parts of the bundles in TG13 include diagnostic process, severity assessment, transfer of patients if necessary, therapeutic approach, and time course. Their observance should improve the prognosis of acute cholangitis and cholecystitis. When utilizing TG13 management bundles, further clinical research needs to be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness and outcomes of the bundles. It is also expected that the present report will lead to evidence construction and contribute to further updating of the Tokyo Guidelines.
TG13 diagnostic criteria and severity grading of acute cholecystitis (with videos)
Authors: Yokoe Masamichi , Takada Tadahiro , Strasberg Steven M. , Solomkin Joseph S. , Mayumi Toshihiko , Gomi Harumi , Pitt Henry A. , Garden O. James , Kiriyama Seiki , Hata Jiro , Gabata Toshifumi , Yoshida Masahiro , Miura Fumihiko , Okamoto Kohji , Tsuyuguchi Toshio , Itoi Takao , Yamashita Yuichi , Dervenis Christos , Chan Angus C.W. , Lau Wan‐Yee , Supe Avinash N. , Belli Giulio , Hilvano Serafin C. , Liau Kui‐Hin , Kim Myung‐Hwan , Kim Sun‐Whe , Ker Chen‐Guo 
Published: January 2013

AbstractSince its publication in 2007, the Tokyo Guidelines for the management of acute cholangitis and cholecystitis (TG07) have been widely adopted. The validation of TG07 conducted in terms of clinical practice has shown that the diagnostic criteria for acute cholecystitis are highly reliable but that the definition of definite diagnosis is ambiguous. Discussion by the Tokyo Guidelines Revision Committee concluded that acute cholecystitis should be suspected when Murphy's sign, local inflammatory findings in the gallbladder such as right upper quadrant abdominal pain and tenderness, and fever and systemic inflammatory reaction findings detected by blood tests are present but that definite diagnosis of acute cholecystitis can be made only on the basis of the imaging of ultrasonography, computed tomography or scintigraphy (HIDA scan). These proposed diagnostic criteria provided better specificity and accuracy rates than the TG07 diagnostic criteria. As for the severity assessment criteria in TG07, there is evidence that TG07 resulted in clarification of the concept of severe acute cholecystitis. Furthermore, there is evidence that severity assessment in TG07 has led to a reduction in the mean duration of hospital stay. As for the factors used to establish a moderate grade of acute cholecystitis, such as leukocytosis, ALP, old age, diabetes, being male, and delay in admission, no new strong evidence has been detected indicating that a change in the criteria used in TG07 is needed. Therefore, it was judged that the severity assessment criteria of TG07 could be applied in the updated Tokyo Guidelines (TG13) with minor changes. TG13 presents new standards for the diagnosis, severity grading and management of acute cholecystitis.
What Counts as Effective Genetic Counselling for Presymptomatic Testing in Late‐Onset Disorders? A Study of the Consultand's Perspective
Authors: Guimarães Lídia , Sequeiros Jorge , Skirton Heather , Paneque Milena 
Published: January 2013

AbstractGenetic counselling must be offered in the context of presymptomatic testing (PST) for severe late‐onset diseases; however, effective genetic counselling is not well defined, and measurement tools that allow a systematic evaluation of genetic practice are still not available. The aims of this qualitative study were to (1) recognize relevant aspects across the whole process of genetic counselling in PST for late‐onset neurodegenerative disorders that might indicate effective practice from the consultand's perspective; and (2) analyse aspects of current protocols of counselling that might be relevant for successful practice. We interviewed 22 consultands undergoing PST for late‐onset neurological disorders (Huntington disease, spinocerebellar ataxias and familial amyloid polyneuropathy ATTRV30M) in the three major counselling services for these diseases in Portugal. The main themes emerging from the content analysis were (1) the consultand's general assessment of the PST process in genetic services; (2) appropriateness and adaptation of the protocol to the consultand's personal expectations and needs; and (3) consultand's experience of the decision‐making process and the role of engagement and counselling skills of the counsellor. Participants also provided a set of recommendations and constructive criticisms relating to the length of the protocol, the time gap between consultations and the way results were delivered. These issues and the construction of the relationship between counsellor and counselee should be further investigated and used for the improvement of current protocols of counselling.
Membrane Cholesterol Affects Stimulus‐Activity Coupling in Type 1, but not Type 2, CCK Receptors: Use of Cell Lines with Elevated Cholesterol
Authors: Harikumar Kaleeckal G. , Potter Ross M. , Patil Achyut , Echeveste Valerie , Miller Laurence J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe lipid microenvironment of membrane proteins can affect their structure, function, and regulation. We recently described differential effects of acute modification of membrane cholesterol on the function of type 1 and 2 cholecystokinin (CCK) receptors. We now explore the regulatory impact of chronic cholesterol modification on these receptors using novel receptor‐bearing cell lines with elevated membrane cholesterol. Stable CCK1R and CCK2R expression was established in clonal lines of 25RA cells having gain‐of‐function in SCAP [sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) cleavage‐activating protein] and SRD15 cells having deficiencies in Insig‐1 and Insig‐2 enzymes affecting HMG CoA reductase and SREBP. Increased cholesterol in the plasma membrane of these cells was directly demonstrated, and receptor binding and signaling characteristics were shown to reflect predicted effects on receptor function. In both environments, both types of CCK receptors were internalized and recycled normally in response to agonist occupation. No differences in receptor distribution within the membrane were appreciated at the light microscopic level in these CHO‐derived cell lines. Fluorescence anisotropy was studied for these receptors occupied by fluorescent agonist and antagonist, as well as when tagged with YFP. These studies demonstrated increased anisotropy of the agonist ligand occupying the active state of the CCK1R in a cholesterol‐enriched environment, mimicking fluorescence of the uncoupled, inactive state of this receptor, while there was no effect of increasing cholesterol on fluorescence at the CCK2R. These cell lines should be quite useful for examining the functional characteristics of potential drugs that might be used in an abnormal lipid environment.
Nutrition impact symptoms in advanced cancer patients: frequency and specific interventions, a case–control study
Authors: Omlin Aurelius , Blum David , Wierecky Jan , Haile Sarah R. , Ottery Faith D. , Strasser Florian 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundInvoluntary weight loss (IWL) is frequent in advanced cancer patients causing compromised anticancer treatment outcomes and function. Cancer cachexia is influenced by nutrition impact symptoms (NIS). The aim of this study was to explore the frequency of NIS in advanced patients and to assess specific interventions guided by a 12‐item NIS checklist.MethodsConsecutive patients from an outpatient nutrition‐fatigue clinic completed the NIS checklist. The NIS checklist was developed based on literature review and multiprofessional clinical expert consensus. Chart review was performed to detect defined NIS typical interventions. Oncology outpatients not seen in the nutrition‐fatigue clinic were matched for age, sex, and tumor to serve as controls.ResultsIn 52 nutrition‐fatigue clinic patients, a mixed cancer population [IWL in 2 months 5.96 % (mean)], the five most frequent NIS were taste and smell alterations 27 %, constipation 19 %, abdominal pain 14 %, dysphagia 12 %, and epigastric pain 10 %. A statistically significant difference for NIS typical interventions in patients with taste and smell alterations (p = 0.04), constipation (p = 0.01), pain (p = 0.0001), and fatigue (p = 0.0004) were found compared to the control population [mixed cancer, 3.53 % IWL in 2 months (mean)].ConclusionNIS are common in advanced cancer patients. The NIS checklist can guide therapeutic nutrition‐targeted interventions. The awareness for NIS will likely evoke more research in assessment, impact, and treatment.
Occurrence and Positive Predictive Value of Additional Nonmass Findings for Risk Stratification of Breast Microcalcifications in Mammography
Authors: Rominger Marga B. , Sax Eva V. , Figiel Jens H. , Timmesfeld Nina 
Published: January 2013

Purpose To assess the occurrence and positive predictive value of additional nonmass findings to stratify the risk of breast microcalcifications. Methods This retrospective evaluation included 278 lesions with vacuum- or image-guided hook-wire biopsy for suspicious microcalcifications. The lesions were categorized into exclusive microcalcifications and microcalcifications with focal asymmetry, tubular density or architectural distortion (ie, nonmass findings). To evaluate the utility of additional nonmass findings for risk stratification, outcome variables were positive predictive values and odds ratios for malignancy and invasive carcinoma. Results Forty-five of 278 microcalcification lesions (16%) were associated with nonmass findings: 28 focal asymmetries, 2 tubular densities, and 15 focal asymmetries in conjunction with tubular densities. Architectural distortion was observed in 28 of these cases. The odds ratio for additional nonmass findings relative to exclusive microcalcifications was 5.9 and was statistically significant ( P < .00001). Architectural distortion was the most specific indicator for malignancy and invasiveness, with odds ratios of 6.5 ( P = .0072) and 5.6 ( P = .0214), respectively. Conclusions Microcalcifications with nonmass findings were less frequent than exclusive microcalcifications but were more predictive for malignancy. Architectural distortion demonstrated the highest risk of malignancy and invasiveness. Assessment of additional nonmass findings might be useful for further risk stratification of microcalcifications, indications for additional imaging, and pretreatment considerations.
Preventive Health Care Among Community‐Dwelling Persons with Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Roach Mary Joan , Nagy Jennifer A. , Mejia Melvin , Nemunaitis Gregory 
Published: January 2013

ObjectiveTo describe preventive health examinations/tests and behaviors of persons with traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI).DesignSurvey.SettingSCI clinic and telephone contact.ParticipantsA total of 59 persons ≥18 years of age with traumatic SCI.InterventionNone.Main Outcome MeasuresPreventive health examinations/tests and reason for not receiving an examination or test.ResultsPreventive health tests/examinations received within the past year: flu vaccination (40.7%); eye examination (50.8%); dental check‐up (64.4%); physical examination (61.0%); vitamin D level (56.0%); cholesterol level (25.4%); and blood glucose level (39.0%). For men, 20.0% had a prostate examination and 20.0% had a colonoscopy. For women, 25.0% had a pelvic examination and 62.5% had a mammogram in the past 2 years. The most endorsed reasons for not getting an examination/test was “It was my choice” followed by “No one told me to have [examination/test].” The number of years injured had an inverse relationship with having vitamin D level checked (r = −334) and had a positive association with having serum cholesterol level checked (r = .474).ConclusionPreventive health tests and examinations in the SCI population are being obtained at about the same rate as in the U.S. population with some exceptions (ie, cholesterol level check, colonoscopy, and pelvic examination); however, the rates are far from the goals of Healthy People 2020. Primary care and SCI clinicians should be proactive in educating their patients about the importance of preventive health, especially those who have been injured for a long time.
Tolerability and Effectiveness of a Neuroprosthesis for the Treatment of Footdrop in Pediatric Patients With Hemiparetic Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Meilahn Jill R. 
Published: January 2013

ObjectiveTo assess the tolerability and efficacy of a commercially available footdrop neuroprosthesis for treatment of footdrop in children with hemiparetic cerebral palsy.DesignA prospective, observational pilot study.SettingMarshfield Clinic, Department of Physical Medicine.ParticipantsTen children, ages 7‐12 years, with hemiparetic cerebral palsy, who use an ankle foot orthosis (AFO) for correction of footdrop.MethodsChildren replaced their AFO with a transcutaneous peroneal (fibular) nerve stimulation neuroprosthesis for 3 months.Main Outcome MeasurementsThe ability to tolerate fitting and programming of the device, device‐recorded wear time, a daily‐use diary, satisfaction survey, and secondary measures, including passive range of motion and gait laboratory measurement of gait velocity and ankle kinematics.ResultsAll 10 participants (100%) tolerated fitting and programming of the neuroprosthesis and wore the device for 6 weeks. Seven of 10 (70%) wore the device for the entire 3‐month study period; 6 of 10 (60%) continued to use the device after study completion. Wear time varied from 2 to 11 hours per day. Tolerability and satisfaction were high; although 6 participants complained of “size” and “bulkiness” of the device, and 2 reported skin irritation. Gait velocity increased in 5 subjects (50%). Seven participants (70%) preferred the neuroprosthesis to their AFO.ConclusionAnalysis of the preliminary evidence suggests that electrical stimulation by a footdrop neuroprosthesis is tolerated well by children and is effective for the treatment of footdrop in children with hemiparetic cerebral palsy. Commercially available neuroprostheses may offer a promising alternative treatment option for children with footdrop.
The nitric oxide synthase inhibitor and serotonin-receptor agonist NXN-188 during the aura phase of migraine with aura: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study
Authors: Hougaard Anders , Hauge Anne Werner , Guo Song , Tfelt-Hansen Peer 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background and aims
NXN-188 is a combined neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) inhibitor and 5HT-1B/1D receptor agonist which has previously shown efficacy in the acute treatment of migraine. Nitric oxide (NO) is involved in the pathogenesis of migraine pain and is formed after cortical spreading depression. Therefore NXN-188 could perhaps prevent the development of the headache phase in migraine with aura if taken during the aura. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 600mg NXN-188 in the acute treatment of migraine when dosed during the aura.

Methods
A single-centre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-way crossover trial. The study medication was taken during the aura and the patients kept a study diary for 48h post-dose.

Results
Of 615 patients screened, 50 patients were included in the study and randomized. Only 18 patients completed both treatments in compliance with the study procedures. 22% of patients reported freedom of headache at 2h after intake of NXN-188 compared with only 11% of patients after placebo.

Conclusions
The dual-action drug NXN-188 with 5HT-1B/1D agonism and nNOS inhibition, taken orally during the aura phase did not have a statistically substantial effect on migraine headache in this study. This study was limited by a high drop-out rate and small sample of included patients who were able to complete the cross-over protocol. Therefore, efficacy of the treatment cannot be refuted with certainty.

Implications
This study illustrates the difficulties of doing well controlled studies in migraine patients with aura. nNOS inhibition is expected to be effective mostly in the aura phase, i.e. the oral administration may have had too slow pharmacokinetics to have effect. Parenteral administration may overcome this obstacle. 5HT-1B/1D agonism is not effective when dosed during migraine aura. Repeated dosing of the NXN-188 during and immediately following the aura may have exploited more the dualaction. The high drop-out rate may be reduced in future studies by having the patients familiarize themselves with the study procedure by filling out the attack report form while treating one attack with their own medication before entering the trial. A parallel group comparison may be a more effective trial design for treatment during an aura.
Données Cristallographiques Sur Le Trioxalato-Chromate(III) De Potassium Trihydrate: K3(Cr(C2O4)3).3H2O
Authors: Merrachi E. H. , Chassagneux F. , Mentzen B. F. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe trihydrated potassium trioxalato-chromate(III), K3(Cr(C2O4)3).3H2O, crystallizes in the monoclinic system with:the space group is P21/c.
“PC-PDF”: A Search/Display System Utilizing the CD-ROM and the Complete Powder Diffraction File
Authors: Jenkins R. , Holomany M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe Powder Diffraction File (PDF) is a collection of single phase X-ray powder patterns, maintained and distributed by the JCPDS-International Centre for Diffraction Data. Over the past 10 years there has been increasing use of the PDF in computer readable form, but the limited amount of disk space available on most commercial powder diffractometer systems has limited use to a small subset of the total PDF. The recent availability of low-cost Compact Disk Read Only Memory (CD-ROM) systems offers an attractive alternative to conventional disk media. This paper describes a low-cost Personal Computer/CD-ROM system, “PC-PDF”, having a total available storage of 550 Mbytes. While seek times are relatively slow – typically, 0.5 seconds are required to traverse the complete PDF – by use of optimum packing and access algorithms, search strategies based on PDF numbers, chemistry, strongest d-spacing, etc., operate at a speed causing no great inconvenience to the user.
Characterization of CoCrTa Alloy Thin Films by X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Authors: Huang T. C. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractCrystalline structures of one single- and two multi-layer magnetic CoCrTa films were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction technique. Structural parameters such as crystalline phase, preferred orientation, crystallite size and microstrain (which control the magnetic properties) have been determined. Polycrystalline diffractions from lattice planes parallel and perpendicular to the surface of a film were obtained with the specimen in reflection and in transmission, respectively. Phase identification of the ternary alloy (Co85Cr15)90Ta10 magnetic layers of the specimens indicated a disordered solid solution of Cr and Ta in Co, and the alloy has a hexagonal close-packed (h.c.p.) (A3) structure. Line broadening analysis showed crystallite size anisotropy and columnar CoCrTa grains. The crystal growth was disrupted by the nonmagnetic “amorphous” spacing layers in the multi-layer specimens. The disruption increased with the decreasing magnetic layer thickness. Compared to those of the single-layer film, a lesser (00l) basal plane preferred orientation with a larger perpendicular c-axis dispersion, smaller crystallite sizes and higher microstrains at L≥50Å were obtained in the multi-layer specimen consisting of eight 500Å thick magnetic layers. The magnetic particles were found to be poorly crystallized in the multi-layer specimen where the thicknesses of the 33 magnetic layers were limited to 150Å each.
X-Ray Powder Data for the Isomers of Nitroaniline (NO2C6H4NH2)
Authors: Schmierer Jeffrey G. , McCarthy Gregory J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractX-ray powder data and crystal data for the ortho (2 –), meta (3 – ) and para (4 – ) isomers of nitroaniline, NO2C6H4NH2, are reported. The results are compared to existing PDF patterns.
Refinement of Structural Parameters for Polycrystalline CdSb2O6: A Comparison of Two Methods
Authors: Castro A. , Rasines I. , Sánchez-Martos M.C. , García-Casado P. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractTrigonal CdSb2O6, prepared as a very crystalline powder by solid state reaction of CdO and Sb2O3, is isostructural with PbSb2O6 Space Group (S.G.) P31m (162), with a = 5.2399(2), c = 4.8045(4) Å, Z = 1 and Dc = 6.57 Mg.m−3. For the refinement of structural parameters from X-ray powder diffraction data two different methods have been employed and compared, both leading to very similar results. The refinements converged to RI = 0.025 using 35 intensities in the incremental optimization technique and to RF = 0.038, RW = 0.033 from 161 reflections in the least-squares refinement.
Standardless Quantitative X-Ray Phase Analysis – Estimation of Precision
Authors: Zevin L.S. , Zevin Sh.L. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractQuantitative phase analysis of n-phase mixtures can be performed if at least n samples composed of no more than n identical phases are available. The fact that there is no need for pure phases (analytical standards) constitutes the main advantage of the method presented here. However, substitution for the pure phases by an unknown mixture of these phases decreases the diversity of the sample set and also the precision of the analysis. The crucial step in a standardless method is the creation of an initial sample set. A simple test is developed to estimate the suitability of the sample set for analysis and to evaluate the analysis error. Application of this test to 13 four-phase mixtures has confirmed its high quality.