bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STIM2 Contributes to Enhanced Store‐Operated Ca2+ Entry in Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells from Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Song Michael Y. , Makino Ayako , Yuan Jason X.‐J. 
Published: July 2014

Pulmonary vasoconstriction and vascular remodeling are two major causes for elevated pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary arterial pressure in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH). An increase in cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC) is a major trigger for pulmonary vasoconstriction and an important stimulus for PASMC proliferation, which causes pulmonary vascular remodeling. Store‐operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), induced by depletion of stored Ca2+ in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), can increase [Ca2+]cyt in PASMC, independent of other means of Ca2+ entry. Stromal interaction molecule (STIM) proteins, STIM1 and STIM2, were both recently identified as sensors for store depletion and also signaling molecules to open store‐operated Ca2+ channels. We previously reported that SOCE was significantly enhanced in PASMC from IPAH patients compared to PASMC from normotensive control subjects. Enhanced SOCE plays an important role in the pathophysiological changes in PASMC associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension. In this study, we examine whether the expression levels of STIM1 and STIM2 are altered in IPAH‐PASMC compared to control PASMC, and whether these putative changes in the STIM1 and STIM2 expression levels are responsible for enhanced SOCE and proliferation in IPAH‐PASMC. Compared to control PASMC, the protein expression level of STIM2 was significantly increased in IPAH‐PASMC, whereas STIM1 protein expression was not significantly changed. In IPAH‐PASMC, the small interfering RNA (siRNA)‐mediated knockdown of STIM2 decreased SOCE and proliferation, while knockdown of STIM2 in control PASMC had no effect on either SOCE or proliferation. Overexpression of STIM2 in the control PASMC failed to enhance SOCE or proliferation. These data indicate that enhanced protein expression of STIM2 is necessary, but not sufficient, for enhanced SOCE and proliferation of IPAH‐PASMC.
Oxidative Injury is a Common Consequence of BMPR2 Mutations
Authors: Lane Kirk L. , Talati Megha , Austin Eric , Hemnes Anna R. , Johnson Jennifer A. , Fessel Joshua P. , Blackwell Tom , Mernaugh Ray L. , Robinson Linda , Fike Candice , Roberts L. Jackson , West James 
Published: July 2014

Hereditary pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is usually caused by mutations in BMPR2. Mutations are found throughout the gene, and common molecular consequences of different types of mutation are not known. Knowledge of common molecular consequences would provide insight into the molecular etiology of the disease. The objective of this study was to determine the common molecular consequences across classes of BMPR2 mutation. Increased superoxide and peroxide production and alterations in genes associated with oxidative stress were a common consequence of stable transfection of the vascular smooth muscle cells, with three distinct classes of BMPR2 mutation, in the ligand binding domain, the kinase domain and the cytoplasmic tail domain. Measurement of oxidized lipids in whole lung from transgenic mice expressing a mutation in the BMPR2 cytoplasmic tail showed a 50% increase in isoprostanes and a two‐fold increase in isofurans, suggesting increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) of mitochondrial origin. Immunohistochemistry on BMPR2 transgenic mouse lung showed that oxidative stress was vascular‐specific. Electron microscopy showed decreased mitochondrial size and variability in the pulmonary vessels from BMPR2‐mutant mice. Measurement of oxidized lipids in urine from humans with BMPR2 mutations demonstrated increased ROS, regardless of disease status. Immunohistochemistry on hereditary PAH patient lung confirmed oxidative stress specific to the vasculature. Increased oxidative stress, likely of mitochondrial origin, is a common consequence of BMPR2 mutation across mutation types in cell culture, mice and humans.
Relative effectiveness of context-based teaching strategy on senior secondary students’ achievement in inorganic chemistry in Rivers State
Authors: Nbina JB , Avwiri E 
Published: July 2014

This study adopted the quasi experimental research design to examine the relative effectiveness of context-based teaching strategy on senior secondary school students’ achievements in inorganic chemistry. The sample consists of 451 SSII chemistry students (224 males and 227 females) drawn from four out of 46 secondary schools in Port Harcourt Zone in Rivers State of Nigeria. Three research questions were answered and three null hypotheses were formulated and tested at the 0.05 level of significance. Stratified random sampling techniques were used in selection and classification of the sample into the experiment and control groups. Inorganic Chemistry Achievement Test (ICAT) was employed in data collection. The instrument was validated and its reliability coefficient was 0.56. The ICAT instrument was administrated on both the pre-test and post- test. The data obtained from the administration of the instrument was analyzed using mean, standard deviation and analyses of covariance (ANCOVA). The study found out that context –based teaching strategy was significantly better than the expository method in enhancing students’ transfer of learning in inorganic chemistry. The result also showed that there was no significant difference in the mean achievement scores of male and female students taught inorganic chemistry using the same method. In the same vein, the rural students performed significantly better than their urban counterparts taught using the context-based teaching strategy. Based on the findings, recommendations were made among which were that context-based teaching strategy be adopted in teaching and learning of inorganic chemistry in the secondary and tertiary levels of the educational systems.Keywords: Context-based, teaching strategy, students, achievement, inorganic chemistry
Quality assurance in education: The role of ICT and quality control measures in tertiary institutions in Nigeria
Authors: Oduma CA 
Published: July 2014

Quality assurance in education is perceived in this paper to be a product of the impact of information and communication technologies as well as the statutory control measures especially in tertiary institutions in Nigeria. The paper reviews the concept of quality and quality assurance and their general application to education. Specifically, the paper views quality assurance in education as an effort and process of improving the general standard and value of education in order to benefit the recipients and the public at large. This is, in fact, the goals and targets which learners, teachers, staff and administration aspire to attain. The paper also reviews few shortfalls in the education system that provokes the quality assurance agenda. The paper perceives information and communication technologies impact as well as the administration of general and specific control measures as the lee ways in assuring and upgrading the quality and standard of education especially at tertiary institution levels in Nigeria. The paper concludes that providing quality education especially in tertiary institutions help to project the system to international standard and recognition. Thus, quality assurance underscores quality capacity building within an institution to benefit recipients and the general stakeholders. The paper recommends amongst other measures that quality assurance in tertiary institutions involves the collective thinking and shared actions of management, staff and students.
QUESTÕES DE GÊNERO E O TRÁFICO DE MULHERES NEPALESAS
Authors: Mota Alice Agnes Spíndola 
Published: July 2014

Observando as questões de gênero e os crescentes direitos adquiridos pelas mulheres em todo omundo nas últimas décadas, este artigo procura analisar situações de riscos ainda vivenciadas pelo gênero feminino no Nepal atualmente. O estudo focado no tráfico de mulheres para exploração sexual entre o Nepal e a Índia tem como objetivo estudar a importância e significado das questões de gênero neste contexto, bem como sua correlação com aspectos socioeconómicos e culturais ocultos na problemática do tráfico humano. Sem contudo propor análise e compreensão de todas as dimensões do mercado de prostituição feminina entre Nepal e Índia o trabalho propõe uma reflexão sobre a realidade feminina contemporânea nestes países asiáticos.
ESTUDO DA DISCIPLINA DE LIBRAS EM DUAS LICENCIATURAS NO LITORAL DO PARANÁ
Authors: Andrade Érica Alves Fernandes de 
Published: July 2014

Esta pesquisa se reporta aos resultados sobre as reflexões dos estudantes de duas licenciaturas da Universidade Estadual do Paraná, campus Paranaguá, sobre a Língua Brasileira de Sinais, em relação ao conhecimento prévio dessa, à carga horária ministrada, às dificuldades e mudanças de paradigmas com relação ao mundo surdo. Os dados foram sistematizados a partir de um questionário com seis perguntas fechadas, com o objetivo de pesquisar a oferta da disciplina da Língua Brasileira de Sinais no curso de Pedagogia e Letras, investigando a visão dos licenciandos e do professor sobre os limites e possibilidades da carga horária e dos objetivos do ementário sugerido, tendo como parâmetro os pressupostos da educação bilíngue discutidos pelas pesquisadoras Dorziat (2009), Felipe (2007), Martins (2011), Mercado (2011), Mercado (2012), Quadros; Karnopp (2004), Quadros; Schimidt (2006), Stroebel (2008), Stroebel (2011) and Witkoski (2012) and by Skliar (2011). O produto contribuirá para um (re)pensar na formação de docentes no exercício futuro da função.
ELEMENTOS PARA EMBASAR UMA PROPOSTA DE INTERVENÇÃO PAISAGÍSTICA NA ORLA DE PONTAL DO PARANÁ
Authors: Fazion Fabiano 
Published: July 2014

Este artigo apresenta as definições conceituais adotadas para a elaboração do Projeto Paisagístico, parte integrante do Projeto de Urbanização da Orla de Pontal do Paraná, bem como as estratégias a serem adotadas nesta elaboração e na sua subsequente implantação. Enquanto o projeto de urbanização está sendo elaborado pela equipe da Prefeitura de Pontal do Paraná, o projeto paisagístico está sendo realizado pela Unidade de Arquitetura e Planejamentoda UFPR-Setor Litoral, no âmbito de uma parceria institucional. As definições conceituais estão centradas nos princípios de utilização de espécies nativas e busca do equilíbrio entre ocupação urbana e meio ambiente. Este equilíbrio será buscado através da adoção do princípio de sustentabilidade dos sistemas simbólicos, conceito em elaboração que contém em sua lógica uma complementação recíproca entre as noções estética, material, psíquica e ambiental, transcendendo, em relação às noções de desenvolvimento e sustentabilidade, as abordagens materialistas dominantes. O projeto paisagístico abrangerá o tratamento paisagístico da área urbanizada (calçadão) e as ações de revitalização da restinga adjacente como forma de compensação ambiental para as intervenções propostas na orla. O trabalho projetual será completado por ações de monitoramento da sua implantação e desenvolvimento, que poderão resultar em ajustes e complementações. Além disso, serão desenvolvidas ações educativas e pesquisas qualitativas junto à população local. Todas as etapas serão sistematizadas na forma de artigos subsequentes a serem publicados, de modo que seja possível conhecer e acompanhar seu desenvolvimento com as problematizações respectivas.
Late onset and pregnancy-induced congenital thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Hovinga J. A. , Lackner K. , Füllemann H.-G. , Lämmle B. , Scharrer I. , Falter T. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryWe report on our patient (case 2) who experienced a first acute episode of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) at the age of 19 years during her first pregnancy in 1976 which ended in a spontaneous abortion in the 30th gestational week. Treatment with red blood cell concentrates was implemented and splenectomy was performed. After having suffered from several TTP episodes in 1977, possibly mitigated by acetylsalicylic acid therapy, an interruption and sterilization were performed in 1980 in her second pregnancy thereby avoiding another disease flare-up. Her elder sister (case 1) had been diagnosed with TTP in 1974, also during her first pregnancy. She died in 1977 during her second pregnancy from a second acute TTP episode. Diagnosis: In 2013 a severe ADAMTS13 deficiency of <10% without detectable ADAMTS13 inhibitor was repeatedly found. Investigation of the ADAMTS13 gene showed that the severe ADAMTS13 deficiency was caused by compound heterozygous ADAMTS13 mutations: a premature stop codon in exon 2 (p.Q44X), and a missense mutation in exon 24 (p.R1060W) associated with low but measurable ADAMTS13 activity. Conclusion: Genetic analysis of the ADAMTS13 gene is important in TTP patients of all ages if an ADAMTS13 inhibitor has been excluded.
Standard Dose Development for Medications Commonly Used in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Robinson Christine A , Siu Anita , Meyers Rachel , Lee Ben H , Cash Jared 
Published: July 2014

OBJECTIVES: To establish standardized, rounded doses of medications for neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) through a multi-institutional peer-reviewed process.
METHODS: Pediatric faculty and pediatric pharmacy residents from the Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy (Piscataway, NJ) conducted a systematic review of rounded, weight-based medication information for neonatal patients from September 2010 to April 2011. After initial review, an expanded workgroup of expert neonatal pharmacy clinicians from academic institutions throughout the United States were invited to conduct a final review. The workgroup identified 74 medications or indications in the NICU. Recommended standardized doses were established for discrete weight categories at workgroup consensus web meetings conducted from June to December 2011. Workgroup recommendations were cross-referenced with published neonatal pharmacology resources. Consensus was obtained when references provided insufficient information on medication information.
RESULTS: Seventeen weight categories of increasing ranges were used, from 40 g for the lowest weights (e.g., 410–450 g) to 840 g for the highest weights (e.g., 3660–4500 g). Medications were divided into 3 categories of administration routes: oral (n = 4), intermittent intravenous (n = 64), and other (e.g., intramuscular; n=6). A significant majority of standardized doses (84%) were within 15% of their corresponding weight-calculated dose.
CONCLUSIONS: Establishment of a portfolio of standardized, rounded doses of medications commonly used in the NICU was feasibly established by a multi-institutional peer review process, with the great majority of standardized doses being within clinically acceptable ranges of administration. Use of standardized, rounded doses for reduction in dosing errors may be feasible on a systematic level.
Champ-contrechamp
Authors: Fainzang Sylvie 
Published: July 2014

Sous l’impulsion des valeurs d’autonomie, d’empowerment ou de consentement éclairé créditant le patient d’un nouveau statut, la relation qui s’instaure entre médecins et malades se présente aujourd’hui comme résolument transformée, dans la logique nouvelle de la « démocratie sanitaire ». D’autres logiques sociales et culturelles continuent cependant de sous-tendre les pratiques des médecins et des malades. Leurs traces ne sauraient être analysées seulement comme des survivances du passé, car de nouvelles normes bousculent, sans les supplanter, les normes anciennes. On montrera ici, à partir d’une étude menée dans des hôpitaux français sur l’information entre soignants et soignés dans le contexte de maladies graves, que la rencontre de ces normes produit un nouveau type de relation médecin-malade, dans laquelle chacun tente de définir sa place à l’intersection de logiques hétérogènes, tout en se référant à des principes contradictoires.
Les parturientes « africaines » en France et la césarienne
Authors: Sauvegrain Priscille 
Published: July 2014

Dans cet article sont documentés les taux de césarienne constamment élevés, sauf dans les années 1980, des femmes nées en Afrique subsaharienne accouchant en France. Bien que leurs causes de migrations, conditions de vie en France et états de santé ne soient pas stables, elles représentent un groupe « homogène », réifié, dans les discours des soignants qui les catégorisent comme « Africaines ». Le choix d’étudier la césarienne est dû au fait que ce type de soins est une source de conflits entre les équipes hospitalières et les parturientes qui est révélatrice de phénomènes sociaux, et du fait qu’il a fait l’objet d’une littérature tant médicale qu’anthropologique et ethnopsychiatrique. Surtout, son étude sociologique dans le cadre d’une thèse m’a permis d’illustrer, en croisant méthodologies quantitative et qualitative, les processus d’ethnicisation et de racisation des patientes par les soignants de périnatalité. Est donc ici documenté en quoi l’usage de ces concepts permet une déconstruction du « bon sens » médical dont j’étais moi-même imprégnée dans ma pratique de sage-femme clinicienne. Grâce à cette approche, étayée d’une critique réflexive et enrichie des opinions de femmes interrogées, semblent se dessiner des possibilités d’amélioration de la qualité des soins à dispenser à ces femmes dans un contexte national où l’accouchement « normal » reste l’accouchement par les voies naturelles.
Logiques divergentes et confrontations des savoirs
Authors: Carle Marie-Ève 
Published: July 2014

La prise irrégulière ou le refus d’un traitement peuvent parfois être perçus comme une déviance ou une conduite anormale et modifier la relation entre le soignant et son patient. Le rôle des soignants consiste alors à ramener vers la norme les individus ne s’y conformant pas. La non-observance thérapeutique (la conduite) est un phénomène multidimensionnel. Néanmoins, la non-observance nécessite également d’interroger le point de vue des patients, c’est-à-dire l’adhésion thérapeutique (l’attitude). L’exploration des différentes rationalités qui modulent les trajectoires thérapeutiques des patients permet de saisir la complexité du lien entre les conduites et les attitudes. En nous appuyant sur une ethnographie réalisée à la Clinique de tuberculose d’un hôpital pédiatrique à Montréal (Québec, Canada), nous présentons une étude de cas qui permet d’approfondir la compréhension de l’observance (ou non) et de l’adhésion (ou non) thérapeutique. Des familles de l’Europe de l’Est sont au coeur de la réflexion. Certaines caractéristiques de ces familles mettent en avant des profils sociodémographiques qui modifient la rencontre clinique. Plus spécifiquement, l’accent est placé sur la pluralité des rationalités et des divergences au sein de la biomédecine, qui vient teinter les dynamiques relationnelles entre les familles et l’équipe soignante tout en exposant le déplacement des frontières entre les savoirs profanes et experts.
Conflits et reconnaissance dans l’espace social de la clinique
Authors: Fortin Sylvie 
Published: July 2014

L’espace clinique hospitalier est un lieu de rencontre pluriel entre soignants et soignés, entre bien-portants et souffrants, entre migrants et non-migrants, entre minoritaires et majoritaires d’appartenances diverses (origines, statut, confession). Cette rencontre peut être imaginée comme un moment de négociation et parfois de heurts par lequel se dessine notre société en évolution. À partir d’une étude ethnographique menée au cours des dernières années dans trois métropoles cosmopolites canadiennes, il sera question de l’hôpital comme acteur dans la ville et de la relation soignant/soigné (famille) en contexte pluriel. Les pratiques quotidiennes et plus largement l’espace social de la clinique deviendront autant de matériaux pour discuter la reconnaissance (ou non) de l’Autre – en l’occurrence le soigné (et sa famille) – comme acteur à part entière dans l’espace clinique et le conflit comme témoin de la négociation dans cet espace. L’examen des conditions (structurelles et situationnelles) qui favorisent l’émergence de conflits permettra à son tour de mieux cerner les rapports qu’entretiennent les cliniciens avec l’environnement pluriel de la clinique et la diversité des normes et des valeurs (clinicien/usager) qu’on peut y retrouver. Une réflexion sur les conditions d’émergence d’une normativité plurielle sera proposée en conclusion. Nous réitèrerons l’intérêt de l’hôpital au quotidien, comme lieu anthropologique percutant, pour saisir un social toujours en devenir.
Nécessité et imputation chez Hobbes
Authors: Milanese Arnaud 
Published: July 2014

La philosophie pratique de Hobbes est problématique parce que son déterminisme ne semble pas permettre une théorie de l’action : comment penser l’imputation des actes, si l’on soutient que le libre-arbitre n’existe pas ? 1) Son analyse se construit à travers la critique de la théorie scolastique du libre arbitre (dans la controverse avec Bramhall), et, à cette fin, Hobbes semble puiser dans l’analyse d’Aristote pour y reprendre sa distinction entre actions volontaires et involontaires. 2) Mais il ne peut penser cependant la spécificité des actions humaines, comme d’Aristote, par la contingence. 3) Il ne lui reste alors, pour penser l’imputation dans une ontologie déterministe, qu’à constituer une conception de l’individualité de l’agent qui repense le motif aristotélicien de la détermination intérieure à agir, mais sans libre-arbitre ni contingence. 4) Si les difficultés théologiques subsistent, c’est parce que, pour Hobbes, aucune philosophie ne peut résoudre les mystères de la foi.
Epidemiology of urban water distribution systems
Authors: Bardet Jean‐Pierre , Little Richard 
Published: July 2014

AbstractUrban water distribution systems worldwide contain numerous old and fragile pipes that inevitably break, flood streets and damage property, and disrupt economic and social activities. Such breaks often present dramatically in temporal clusters as occurred in Los Angeles during 2009. These clustered pipe breaks share many characteristics with human mortality observed during extreme climatological events such as heat waves or air pollution. Drawing from research and empirical studies in human epidemiology, a framework is introduced to analyze the time variations of disruptive pipe breaks that can help water agencies better understand clustered pipe failures and institute measures to minimize the disruptions caused by them. It is posited that at any time, a cohort of the pipes comprising the water distribution system will be in a weakened state due to fatigue and corrosion. This frail cohort becomes vulnerable during normal operations and ultimately breaks due to rapid increase in crack lengths induced by abnormal stressors. The epidemiological harvesting model developed in this paper simulates an observed time series of monthly pipe breaks and has both explanatory and predictive power. It also demonstrates that models from nonengineering disciplines such as medicine can provide improved insights into the performance of infrastructure systems.