bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shangri La: Architecture As Collection
Authors: Akhtar Saima 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
As the sole heiress to the Duke fortunes, Doris Duke came into wealth at a relatively young age and invested it in ways that reflected her evolving artistic palette. One of her major artistic achievements was the construction of Shangri La in Hawaii, a residence made entirely of Islamic art objects that were collected and commissioned by Duke during and after her honeymoon cruise in 1935. Twentieth-century orientalist art collectors exhibited an interest in a ‘Near East’ long before Duke travelled through the Middle East and India, yet Duke’s method of acquisition and access to objects was unconventional when compared to her peers. The example of Shangri La as a built collection required an aesthetic sensibility and spatial logic that was unparalleled at the time.
This article traces the historical evolution of Shangri La through Duke’s family history, art-oriented relationships and her personal adaptation of the arts and architecture of Islam. What emerges is a private residence that is a visible culmination of the relationships Duke forged in her fascination with Islamic culture, which she continually developed from its inception in 1937 until her death in 1993. As Duke’s reliance on her artistic advisors deepened, so did her own interest in designing and constructing Shangri La to suit her own needs and tastes. Moreover, as this article shows, Duke was purposeful in procuring the objects she commissioned from the ‘Muslim’ world, careful in their placement, and showed an independent will that varied from other collectors of Islamic art in the inter- and post-war periods.
From Japanese to Cairene Houses: A Contribution to the Design of Socially Responsible Housing in Egypt
Authors: Gelil Mohamed Nermine Abdel 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This article represents a contribution to social and spatial problems of low-income housing units in Egypt. It is an illustrated product of work previously accomplished in several separate studies. In this article, I attempt to offer more tangible solutions and architectural drawings inspired by ideas from traditional Cairene homes and traditional small-scale urban Japanese residences (to which I was exposed during my research in Japan) in light of surveys conducted among housing-unit residents in Egypt. The article first takes a brief look at the history of the emergence of apartments and housing units in Egypt. Second, it explores examples of small-scale apartments and housing units attempting to incorporate traditional patterns and elements into their design. Third, it proposes a 70m 2 unit plan showing architectural and structural modules, a suggested combination of four units, and proposed spatial organizations and architectural solutions for unit interiors: entrance zone, guestroom, living and sleeping zones, prayer area, washing and ablution area, kitchen, bathroom and guest toilet, and doors and partitions, while incorporating a suggested latticework device that has been proposed and discussed in detail in my previous studies.
Towards Sustainable Urbanism in the Persian Gulf: Analysis of the Past
Authors: Ardalan Nader 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Since the 1990s, economic determinism has principally dominated developments in many of the Persian Gulf countries. While spectacular short-term financial gains have been achieved, serious long-term retrogressive and destructive ecological and sociocultural impacts on both land and sea have been recorded. These compelling concerns for the past, present and future of this region prompted Harvard Graduate School of Design’s 2011 agreement with Msheireb Properties (a subsidiary of the Qatar Foundation) to undertake a three-phase research programme entitled ‘Gulf Sustainable Urbanism’ (GSU). For the purpose of this research project, the Gulf (Persian Gulf) region was defined as the eight countries that border the Persian Gulf, which include Oman, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Iran and Iraq. This region provides a significant basis for future analysis and scholarship, as it exhibits continuous urban settlement and sustainability models that may prove significant as we face future ecological challenges.
The first phase of this holistic, multi-year, cross-disciplinary study focused on the past urban sustainability of ten maritime port cities in the Persian Gulf. The research worked within a framework structured by three main research topics, namely, Environment/Public Health, Social/Cultural/Economic and Urban Form/Architecture, and investigated these within four distinct scales: region, city, neighbourhood and unit. This article presents the basis of our selection process when defining urban targets and an overview of the lessons learned from the initial investigations.
Book Reviews
Authors: Miller Susan Gilson , Crane Howard , Çağaptay Suna , Sobti Manu P. , Youssef Mary 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Sharing Sacred Spaces in the Mediterranean: Christians, Muslims, and Jews at Shrines and Sanctuaries, Dionigi Albera and Maria Couroucli (eds) (2012) Bloomington and Indianapolis: University of Indiana Press, 277 pp., 1 b/w illus., ISBN 9780253356338, $70 (hardback), ISBN 9780253223173, $24.95 (paperback)
The Art and Architecture of Ottoman Istanbul, Richard Yeomans (2012) Reading, Berkshire: Garnet Publishing, 260 pp., 202 plates and plans, glossary, bibliography, index, ISBN 9781859642245, $46.99 (hardback)
A History of Ottoman Architecture, John Freely (2011) Boston: WIT Press, 437 pp., 373 plates and plans, glossary, bibliography. ISBN 9781845645069, $194 (hardback)
Constantinopolis/Istanbul: Cultural Encounter, Imperial Vision and the Construction of the Ottoman Capital, ÇIğdem KafescIoglu (2009) University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 346 pp., 152 illus., 5 maps, ISBN 9780271027760, $100 (hardback)
Islamic Architecture in Iran – Post-structural Theory and the Architectural History of Iranian Mosques, Saeid Khaghani (2012) London and New York: I.B. Tauris, 288 pp., 39 b/w illus./line drawings, ISBN 9781848857292, £59.50 (hardback)
Urban Spaces in Contemporary Egyptian Literature: Portraits of Cairo, Mara Naaman (2011) New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 254 pp., 11 b/w illus., 3 maps, ISBN 9780230108653, $90 (hardback)
Urbanism of Grandiosity: Planning a New Urban Centre for Tehran (1973–76)
Authors: Emami Farshid 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
In the 1970s a grand-scale ceremonial urban centre, with an extensive programme of governmental, commercial and residential buildings, was planned for north Tehran. Construction began in 1975, but was soon halted by the eruption of the street protests that led to the 1979 revolution. This essay analyses the project’s conception, socio-political underpinnings and ultimate failure, by contextualizing it within Tehran’s urban landscape and by tracing its design trajectory. As a grandiose project made possible by the oil boom, the final plan of Shahestan, drawn up by the planning firm Llewelyn-Davies International, not only reflects the megalomania of Mohammad Reza Shah (r. 1941–79) but also reveals the totalitarian nature of the Pahlavi regime in the 1970s. But prior to hiring the planning firm, Queen Farah supported a rival design by the internationally famous architects Louis Kahn and Kenzo Tange, who were indeed involved in the project for a few months before Kahn’s death in 1974. I argue that this duality of patronage, and all the oppositions that it embodies, is echoed in the gendered representation of monarchy in the final plan and signifies how the project subverts a liberal narrative of modernism. Moreover, the new urban centre was not at the city’s physical core but rather at the centre of its northern part – the locus of an expanding upper middle class. The discrepancy between the intended purpose of the project and the social realities of its urban context epitomizes the regime’s paradoxical approach to modernity and modernization.
Developmental Changes of Lymphoid Tissue in the Harderian Gland of Laying Hens
Authors: Bejdić Pamela , Avdić Rizah , Amidžić Ljiljana , Ćutahija Velida , Tandir Faruk , Hadžiomerović Nedžad 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The Harderian gland of 110 laying hens was histologically investigated from the time of hatching to the period of 10 months of age. Tissue sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-schiff (PAS) and methyl green-pyronin technique. The research shows that lymphoid tissue is colonised by three types of cells: heterophils, lymphocytes and plasma cells. The number of these cells is directly dependent on the bird’s age. During the lifetime of the hens there gradually comes a shift in the dominance of these three cell types. Lymphoid nodules are detected only in 40-day-old chickens, while later in adult birds the Harderian gland is the organ which contains the largest number of mature plasma cells. Some plasma cells contain Russell bodies with different size and shape.
Gray-Box Model of Inland Navigation Channel: Application to the Cuinchy–Fontinettes Reach
Authors: Horváth Klaudia , Duviella Eric , Blesa Joaquim , Rajaoarisoa Lala , Bolea Yolanda , Puig Vicenç , Chuquet Karine 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn a context of global change, inland navigation transport has gained interest with economic and environmental benefits. The development of this means of conveyance requires the improvement of its management rules to deal with the increase of navigation (schedules and frequency) and the potential impact of global change. To achieve this aim, it is first necessary to have a better knowledge about the dynamics of inland navigation networks and their interaction with the environment. Second, the potential effects of global change have to be anticipated. This article focuses on the modeling of inland navigation reaches. An inland navigation network is a large-scale distributed system composed of several interconnected reaches. These reaches are characterized by non-linearities, time delays, and generally no significant slope. To deal with these particularities, a gray-box model is proposed. It consists in determining the delays according to the physical characteristics of the system. The parameters of the model are identified with measured data. The gray-box model is used to reproduce the dynamics of the Cuinchy–Fontinettes reach located in the north of France.
Kinetic analysis for non-isothermal decomposition of un-irradiated and gamma-irradiated anhydrous cadmium nitrate
Authors: Culas S. , Samuel J. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The thermal decomposition of untreated and γ-irradiated samples of anhydrous cadmium nitrate was performed under non-isothermal
conditions at different heating rates (5, 10, 15 and 20 ℃ min
–1). The results showed that the decomposition
proceeds in one major step with the formation of cadmium oxide as solid residue. The data were analysed by using both isoconversional
and non-isoconversional methods. The activation energy was calculated by various model-free isoconversional methods: Flynn-Wall-Ozawa
(FWO), Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) and Friedman (FR) methods. Irradiation enhances the decomposition and the effect increases with
the irradiation dose. The activation energy decreases on irradiation. The appropriate conversion model for the thermal decomposition
process selected by means of the master-plot method agrees with phase boundary reaction with spherical symmetry (R3 mechanism) for both
untreated and irradiated salts at all heating rates.
Production of 256Lr in the 249,250,251Cf + 11B, 243Am + 18O,
and 248Cm + 14N reactions
Authors: Sato N. , Sato T. K. , Asai M. , Toyoshima A. , Tsukada K. , Li Z. J. , Nishio K. , Nagame Y. , Schädel M. , Haba H. , Ichikawa S. , Kikunaga H. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Production cross-sections of the isotope 256Lr in the 249,250,251Cf +11B,
243Am +18O, and
248Cm +14N reactions were measured using a He/KCl gas-jet transport system and a rotating
wheel α-particle detection apparatus. The α-particle energy of 256Lr was distributed from 8.3 to
8.7 MeV and its half-life, T
1/2, was measured to be 28 ± 1 s. The maximum cross sections in the
249Cf(11B, 4n)256Lr and
243Am(18O, 5n)256Lr reactions were determined to be
122 ± 36 nb at the beam energy of 63 MeV and 26 ± 7 nb at 96 MeV, respectively. In the
248Cm(14N, 6n)256Lr reaction, the cross section was measured to be 27 ± 10 nb at
91 MeV.
Low amounts of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species define human sperm quality
Authors: Marques Mónica , Sousa Ana Paula , Paiva Artur , Almeida-Santos Teresa , Ramalho-Santos João 
Published: February 2014

We have applied the mitochondria-specific superoxide fluorescent probe MitoSOX Red (MitoSOX) to detect mitochondria-specific reactive oxygen species (mROS) production in human sperm samples using flow cytometry. We show that human ejaculates are heterogeneous in terms of mROS production, with three subpopulations clearly detectable, comprising sperm that produce increasing amounts of mROS (MitoSOX−, MitoSOX+, and MitoSOX++). The sperm subpopulation producing the lowest amount of mROS represented the most functional subset of male gametes within the ejaculate, as it was correlated with the highest amount of live and non-apoptotic sperm and increased both in samples with better semen parameters and in samples processed by both density-gradient centrifugation and swim-up, both known to select for higher quality sperm. Importantly, the MitoSOX− subpopulation was clearly more prevalent in samples that gave rise to pregnancies following assisted reproduction. Our work, therefore, not only describe discreet human sperm heterogeneity at the mROS level but also suggests that mROS may represent a strategy to both evaluate sperm samples and isolate the most functional gametes for assisted reproduction.Free Portuguese abstractA Portuguese translation of this abstract is freely available athttp://www.reproduction-online.org/content/147/6/817/suppl/DC1
Identification of Major and Minor QTL for Ecologically Important Morphological Traits in Three-Spined Sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus)
Authors: Liu Jun , Shikano Takahito , Leinonen Tuomas , Cano José Manuel , Li Meng-Hua , Merilä Juha 
Published: February 2014

AbstractQuantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping studies of Pacific three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) have uncovered several genomic regions controlling variability in different morphological traits, but QTL studies of Atlantic sticklebacks are lacking. We mapped QTL for 40 morphological traits, including body size, body shape, and body armor, in a F2 full-sib cross between northern European marine and freshwater three-spined sticklebacks. A total of 52 significant QTL were identified at the 5% genome-wide level. One major QTL explaining 74.4% of the total variance in lateral plate number was detected on LG4, whereas several major QTL for centroid size (a proxy for body size), and the lengths of two dorsal spines, pelvic spine, and pelvic girdle were mapped on LG21 with the explained variance ranging from 27.9% to 57.6%. Major QTL for landmark coordinates defining body shape variation also were identified on LG21, with each explaining ≥15% of variance in body shape. Multiple QTL for different traits mapped on LG21 overlapped each other, implying pleiotropy and/or tight linkage. Thus, apart from providing confirmatory data to support conclusions born out of earlier QTL studies of Pacific sticklebacks, this study also describes several novel QTL of both major and smaller effect for ecologically important traits. The finding that many major QTL mapped on LG21 suggests that this linkage group might be a hotspot for genetic determinants of ecologically important morphological traits in three-spined sticklebacks.
Centromeric Barrier Disruption Leads to Mitotic Defects inSchizosaccharomyces pombe
Authors: Gaither Terilyn L , Merrett Stephanie L , Pun Matthew J , Scott Kristin C 
Published: February 2014

AbstractCentromeres are cis-acting chromosomal domains that direct kinetochore formation, enabling faithful chromosome segregation and preserving genome stability. The centromeres of most eukaryotic organisms are structurally complex, composed of nonoverlapping, structurally and functionally distinct chromatin subdomains, including the specialized core chromatin that underlies the kinetochore and pericentromeric heterochromatin. The genomic and epigenetic features that specify and preserve the adjacent chromatin subdomains critical to centromere identity are currently unknown. Here we demonstrate that chromatin barriers regulate this process in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Reduced fitness and mitotic chromosome segregation defects occur in strains that carry exogenous DNA inserted at centromere 1 chromatin barriers. Abnormal phenotypes are accompanied by changes in the structural integrity of both the centromeric core chromatin domain, containing the conserved CENP-ACnp1 protein, and the flanking pericentric heterochromatin domain. Barrier mutant cells can revert to wild-type growth and centromere structure at a high frequency after the spontaneous excision of integrated exogenous DNA. Our results reveal a previously undemonstrated role for chromatin barriers in chromosome segregation and in the prevention of genome instability.
A Genetic Screen Based onin VivoRNA Imaging Reveals Centrosome-Independent Mechanisms for LocalizinggurkenTranscripts inDrosophila
Authors: Hayashi Rippei , Wainwright S Mark , Liddell Sophie J , Pinchin Sheena M , Horswell Stuart , Ish-Horowicz David 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWe have screened chromosome arm 3L for ethyl methanesulfonate−induced mutations that disrupt localization of fluorescently labeled gurken (grk) messenger (m)RNA, whose transport along microtubules establishes both major body axes of the developing Drosophila oocyte. Rapid identification of causative mutations by single-nucleotide polymorphism recombinational mapping and whole-genomic sequencing allowed us to define nine complementation groups affecting grk mRNA localization and other aspects of oogenesis, including alleles of elg1, scaf6, quemao, nudE, Tsc2/gigas, rasp, and Chd5/Wrb, and several null alleles of the armitage Piwi-pathway gene. Analysis of a newly induced kinesin light chain allele shows that kinesin motor activity is required for both efficient grk mRNA localization and oocyte centrosome integrity. We also show that initiation of the dorsoanterior localization of grk mRNA precedes centrosome localization, suggesting that microtubule self-organization contributes to breaking axial symmetry to generate a unique dorsoventral axis.
Accuracy of Estimation of Genomic Breeding Values in Pigs Using Low-Density Genotypes and Imputation
Authors: Badke Yvonne M , Bates Ronald O , Ernst Catherine W , Fix Justin , Steibel Juan P 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Genomic selection has the potential to increase genetic progress. Genotype imputation of high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes can improve the cost efficiency of genomic breeding value (GEBV) prediction for pig breeding. Consequently, the objectives of this work were to: (1) estimate accuracy of genomic evaluation and GEBV for three traits in a Yorkshire population and (2) quantify the loss of accuracy of genomic evaluation and GEBV when genotypes were imputed under two scenarios: a high-cost, high-accuracy scenario in which only selection candidates were imputed from a low-density platform and a low-cost, low-accuracy scenario in which all animals were imputed using a small reference panel of haplotypes. Phenotypes and genotypes obtained with the PorcineSNP60 BeadChip were available for 983 Yorkshire boars. Genotypes of selection candidates were masked and imputed using tagSNP in the GeneSeek Genomic Profiler (10K). Imputation was performed with BEAGLE using 128 or 1800 haplotypes as reference panels. GEBV were obtained through an animal-centric ridge regression model using de-regressed breeding values as response variables. Accuracy of genomic evaluation was estimated as the correlation between estimated breeding values and GEBV in a 10-fold cross validation design. Accuracy of genomic evaluation using observed genotypes was high for all traits (0.65−0.68). Using genotypes imputed from a large reference panel (accuracy: R2 = 0.95) for genomic evaluation did not significantly decrease accuracy, whereas a scenario with genotypes imputed from a small reference panel (R2 = 0.88) did show a significant decrease in accuracy. Genomic evaluation based on imputed genotypes in selection candidates can be implemented at a fraction of the cost of a genomic evaluation using observed genotypes and still yield virtually the same accuracy. On the other side, using a very small reference panel of haplotypes to impute training animals and candidates for selection results in lower accuracy of genomic evaluation.
Disruption of theprotein kinase Ngene ofDrosophila melanogasterResults in the RecessivedeloreanAllele (pkndln) With a Negative Impact on Wing Morphogenesis
Authors: Sass Georgette L , Ostrow Bruce D 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWe describe the delorean mutation of the Drosophila melanogasterprotein kinase N gene (pkndln) with defects in wing morphology. Flies homozygous for the recessive pkndln allele have a composite wing phenotype that exhibits changes in relative position and shape of the wing blade as well as loss of specific vein and bristle structures. The pkndln allele is the result of a P-element insertion in the first intron of the pkn locus, and the delorean wing phenotype is contingent upon the interaction of insertion-bearing alleles in trans. The presence of the insertion results in production of a novel transcript that initiates from within the 3′ end of the P-element. The delorean-specific transcript is predicted to produce a wild-type PKN protein. The delorean phenotype is not the result of a reduction in pkn expression, as it could not be recreated using a variety of wing-specific drivers of pkn-RNAi expression. Rather, it is the presence of the delorean-specific transcript that correlates with the mutant phenotype. We consider the delorean wing phenotype to be due to a pairing-dependent, recessive mutation that behaves as a dosage-sensitive, gain of function. Our analysis of genetic interactions with basket and nemo reflects an involvement of pkn and Jun-terminal kinase signaling in common processes during wing differentiation and places PKN as a potential effector of Rho1’s involvement in the Jun-terminal kinase pathway. The delorean phenotype, with its associated defects in wing morphology, provides evidence of a role for PKN in adult morphogenetic processes.