bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spikes and Epilepsy
Authors: Rodin E. , Constantino T. , Rampp S. , Wong P.K. 
Published: September 2014

Digital EEG analysis provides significantly more information to the clinical electroencephalographer (EEGer) for scalp as well as for intracranial monitoring than is currently being routinely utilized. When modern data analysis software is used, interictal spikes contain considerably more information than had previously been ascribed to them. To optimize the diagnostic value of the EEG, sleep recordings after sleep deprivation is valuable because focal spikes, unless abundant, are relatively rare in the waking state. Recording time should also be sufficiently long to allow spikes to emerge. Spikes are always pathologic and can be associated with impaired cerebral perfusion, metabolic changes and concomitant behavioral changes. They can also be separated into simple and complex forms which may allow prognostic statements. The simplest way to accomplish this is by placing a cursor on the peak of the spike and see whether or not other channels show latency differences. More precise methods are: comparisons of voltage maps with current source density maps, principal component analysis and distinctions between stationary versus moving dipoles. Averaging of spikes is valuable but care must be taken that only those spikes which have the same distribution are averaged, and when the average is obtained only from the spike peak, propagation may already have occurred. It has been recommended that the midpoint of the ascending negative phase be used as the point for averaging. In intracranial recordings the frequencies above the gamma range should also be assessed. Their small electrical field allows a differentiation between locally generated events from those which are volume conducted and can thereby more accurately reflect the epileptogenic zone(s). High frequency activity can also be recorded from foramen ovale electrodes which enhances their diagnostic utility. It is emphasized that for centers which perform pre-surgical evaluations the software supplied by instrument manufacturers is inadequate and needs to be supplemented by additional commercially available programs. Furthermore, archived data should be used for retrospective investigations and follow-up studies of patients who have undergone either excisions, resections, or multiple subpial transections to evaluate the success rates by taking into account all the properties of interictal and ictal recordings which are mentioned in this article.
Into the First League: The Competitive Advantage of the Antivirus Industry in the Czech Republic and Slovakia
Authors: Beblavý Miroslav , Kureková Lucia Mýtna 
Published: September 2014

The antivirus industry is the only innovation-intensive sector in which home-grown companies from Central Europe have been able to gain and retain global leadership. We review the literature on sources of national competitive advantage and evaluate the relative importance of different factors, drawing on evidence gained from semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders and existing research about the IT sector's global and regional trends. Highly-skilled, technical human capital played a crucial and positive role. Paradoxically, a lack of available foreign finance also had a positive impact by steering the best people towards a sector with smaller capital needs. Unlike other leading sectors in Central Europe, where state support and foreign capital were important, these factors were absent in this sector. This article contributes to understanding of the emergence of a home-grown, highly competitive, high-technology sector under the conditions of market transformation, liberalization and internationalization in small economies.
Inability to resolve specific infection generates innate immunodeficiency syndrome in Xiap−/− mice
Authors: Hsieh Wan-Chen , Chuang Ya-Ting , Chiang I-Hsuan , Hsu Shu-Ching , Miaw Shi-Chuen , Lai Ming-Zong 
Published: September 2014

Key Points
XIAP deficiency selectively diminishes BCL10-mediated innate responses and impairs the ability of the host to control specific microbes. The selective innate immunodeficiency in the XIAP-deficient host leads to the persistent presence of specific pathogens and excess inflammation.
Synthesis of multi-shelled ZnO hollow microspheres and their improved photocatalytic activity
Authors: Zeng Xiangyun , Yang Jiao , Shi Liuxue , Li Linjie , Gao Meizhen 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Herein, we report an effective, facile, and low-cost route for preparing ZnO hollow microspheres with a controlled number of shells composed of small ZnO nanoparticles. The formation mechanism of multiple-shelled structures was investigated in detail. The number of shells is manipulated by using different diameters of carbonaceous microspheres. The products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The as-prepared ZnO hollow microspheres and ZnO nanoparticles were then used to study the degradation of methyl orange (MO) dye under ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation, and the triple-shelled ZnO hollow microspheres exhibit the best photocatalytic activity. This work is helpful to develop ZnO-based photocatalysts with high photocatalytic performance in addressing environmental protection issues, and it is also anticipated to other multiple-shelled metal oxide hollow microsphere structures.
Digital holographic microscopy based on a modified lateral shearing interferometer for three-dimensional visual inspection of nanoscale defects on transparent objects
Authors: Seo Kwang-Beom , Kim Byung-Mok , Kim Eun-Soo 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
A new type of digital holographic microscopy based on a modified lateral shearing interferometer (LSI) is proposed for the detection of micrometer- or nanometer-scale defects on transparent target objects. The LSI is an attractive interferometric test technique because of its simple configuration, but it suffers from the so-called 'duplicate image’ problem, which originates from the interference of two sheared object beams. In order to overcome this problem, a modified LSI system, which employs a new concept of subdivided two-beam interference (STBI), is proposed. In this proposed method, an object beam passing through a target object is controlled and divided into two areas with and without object information, which are called half-object and half-reference beams, respectively. Then, these two half-beams make an interference pattern just like most two-beam interferometers. Successful experiments with a test glass panel for mobile displays confirm the feasibility of the proposed method and suggest the possibility of its practical application to the visual inspection of micrometer- or nanometer-scale defects on transparent objects.
Early resuscitation of dengue shock syndrome in children with hyperosmolar sodium-lactate: a randomized single-blind clinical trial of efficacy and safety
Authors: Somasetia Dadang H , Setiati Tatty E , Sjahrodji Azhali M , Idjradinata Ponpon S , Setiabudi Djatnika , Roth Hubert , Ichai Carole , Fontaine Eric , Leverve Xavier M 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Dengue shock syndrome (DSS) fluid resuscitation by following the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline usually required large volumes of Ringer lactate (RL) that might induce secondary fluid overload. Our objective was to compare the effectiveness of the recommended volume of RL versus a smaller volume of a hypertonic sodium lactate solution (HSL) in children with DSS. The primary end point was to evaluate the effect of HSL on endothelial cell inflammation, assessed by soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) measurements. Secondarily, we considered the effectiveness of HSL in restoring hemodynamic fluid balance, acid-base status, and sodium and chloride balances, as well as in-hospital survival.

Methods
A prospective randomized single-blind clinical trial including 50 DSS children was conducted in the Pediatrics Department of Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia. Only pediatric patients (2 to 14 years old) fulfilling the WHO criteria for DSS and new to resuscitation treatments were eligible. Patients were resuscitated with either HSL (5 ml/kg/BW in 15 minutes followed by 1 ml/kg/BW/h for 12 hours), or RL (20 ml/kg/BW in 15 minutes followed by decreasing doses of 10, 7, 5, and 3 ml/kg BW/h for 12 hours).

Results
In total, 50 patients were randomized and included in outcome and adverse-event analysis; 46 patients (8.2 ± 0.5 years; 24.9 ± 1.9 kg; mean ± SEM) completed the protocol and were fully analyzed (24 and 22 subjects in the HSL and RL groups, respectively). Baseline (prebolus) data were similar in both groups. Hemodynamic recovery, plasma expansion, clinical outcome, and survival rate were not significantly different in the two groups, whereas fluid accumulation was one third lower in the HSL than in the RL group. Moreover, HSL was responsible for a partial recovery from endothelial dysfunction, as indicated by the significant decrease in sVCAM-1.

Conclusion
Similar hemodynamic shock recovery and plasma expansion were achieved in both groups despite much lower fluid intake and fluid accumulation in the HSL group.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00966628. Registered 26 August 2009.
Predicting preload responsiveness using simultaneous recordings of inferior and superior vena cavae diameters
Authors: Charbonneau Hélène , Riu Béatrice , Faron Matthieu , Mari Arnaud , Kurrek Matt M , Ruiz Jean , Geeraerts Thomas , Fourcade Olivier , Genestal Michèle , Silva Stein 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Echocardiographic indices based on respiratory variations of superior and inferior vena cavae diameters (ΔSVC and ΔIVC, respectively) have been proposed as predictors of fluid responsiveness in mechanically ventilated patients, but they have never been compared simultaneously in the same patient sample. The aim of this study was to compare the predictive value of these echocardiographic indices when concomitantly recorded in mechanically ventilated septic patients.

Methods
Septic shock patients requiring hemodynamic monitoring were prospectively enrolled over a 1-year period in a mixed medical surgical ICU of a university teaching hospital (Toulouse, France). All patients were mechanically ventilated. Predictive indices were obtained by transesophageal and transthoracic echocardiography and were calculated as follows: (Dmax - Dmin)/Dmax for ΔSVC and (Dmax - Dmin)/Dmin for ΔIVC, where Dmax and Dmin are the maximal and minimal diameters of SVC and IVC. Measurements were performed at baseline and after a 7-ml/kg volume expansion using a plasma expander. Patients were separated into responders (increase in cardiac index ≥15%) and nonresponders (increase in cardiac index <15%).

Results
Among 44 included patients, 26 (59%) patients were responders (R). ΔSVC was significantly more accurate than ΔIVC in predicting fluid responsiveness. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for ΔSVC and ΔIVC regarding assessment of fluid responsiveness were significantly different (0.74 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.59 to 0.88) and 0.43 (95% CI: 0.25 to 0.61), respectively (P = 0.012)). No significant correlation between ΔSVC and ΔIVC was found (r = 0.005, P = 0.98). The best threshold values for discriminating R from NR was 29% for ΔSVC, with 54% sensitivity and 89% specificity, and 21% for ΔIVC, with 38% sensitivity and 61% specificity.

Conclusions
ΔSVC was better than ΔIVC in predicting fluid responsiveness in our cohort. It is worth noting that the sensitivity and specificity values of ΔSVC and ΔIVC for predicting fluid responsiveness were lower than those reported in the literature, highlighting the limits of using these indices in a heterogeneous sample of medical and surgical septic patients.
Sleep-disordered breathing is a risk factor for delirium after cardiac surgery: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Roggenbach Jens , Klamann Marvin , von Haken Rebecca , Bruckner Thomas , Karck Matthias , Hofer Stefan 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Delirium is a frequent complication after cardiac surgery. Although various risk factors for postoperative delirium have been identified, the relationship between nocturnal breathing disorders and delirium has not yet been elucidated. This study evaluated the relationship between sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and postoperative delirium in cardiac surgery patients without a previous diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea.

Methods
In this prospective cohort study, 92 patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation were evaluated for both SDB and postoperative delirium. Polygraphic recordings were used to calculate the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI; mean number of apneas and hypopneas per hour recorded) of all patients preoperatively. Delirium was assessed during the first four postoperative days using the Confusion Assessment Method. Clinical differences between individuals with and without postoperative delirium were determined with univariate analysis. The relationship between postoperative delirium and those covariates that were associated with delirium in univariate analysis was determined by a multivariate logistic regression model.

Results
The median overall preoperative AHI was 18.3 (interquartile range, 8.7 to 32.8). Delirium was diagnosed in 44 patients. The median AHI differed significantly between patients with and without postoperative delirium (28 versus 13; P = 0.001). A preoperative AHI of 19 or higher was associated with an almost sixfold increased risk of postoperative delirium (odds ratio, 6.4; 95% confidence interval, 2.6 to 15.4; P <0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative AHI, age, smoking, and blood transfusion were independently associated with postoperative delirium.

Conclusions
Preoperative SDB (for example, undiagnosed obstructive sleep apnea) were strongly associated with postoperative delirium, and may be a risk factor for postoperative delirium.
Prognostic significance of FOXP3+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in breast cancer depends on estrogen receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 expression status and concurrent cytotoxic T-cell infiltration
Authors: Liu Shuzhen , Foulkes William D , Leung Samuel , Gao Dongxia , Lau Sherman , Kos Zuzana , Nielsen Torsten O 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Introduction
The infiltration of FOXP3+ regulatory T cells into invasive tumors has been reported to be associated with survival in a variety of cancers. The prognostic significance of FOXP3+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in breast cancer, however, remains controversial.

Methods
FOXP3+ TILs were assessed by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays constructed from a well-defined cohort of 3,992 breast cancer patients linked to detailed demographic, biomarker, treatment and outcome data. Survival analyses were performed using the Kaplan-Meier function and Cox proportional hazards regression models to evaluate the association of FOXP3+ TILs with breast cancer-specific survival, stratified by intrinsic subtype and cytotoxic T-cell infiltration status (as defined by CD8 immunohistochemistry).

Results
The presence of high numbers of FOXP3+ TILs was significantly associated with young age, high grade, estrogen receptor (ER) negativity, concurrent CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell infiltration, and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 positive (HER2+)/ER+ and core basal subtypes. On multivariate survival analysis, a high level of FOXP3+ TILs was significantly associated with poor survival in ER+ breast cancers that lacked CD8+ T-cell infiltrates (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.30, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.02 to 1.66). However, in ER+ breast cancers, FOXP3+ TILs were strongly associated with improved survival in the HER2+/ER+ subgroup, particularly in those with co-existent CD8+ T-cell infiltrates (HR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.23 to 0.98), for which the presence of high levels of FOXP3+ TILs was independent of standard clinical prognostic factors.

Conclusions
FOXP3+ regulatory TILs are a poor prognostic indicator in ER+ breast cancer, but a favorable prognostic factor in the HER2+/ER+ subtype. The prognostic value of FOXP3+ TILs in breast cancer differs depending on ER and HER2 expression status and CD8+ T-cell infiltration.
Cfp1 is required for gene expression-dependent H3K4 trimethylation and H3K9 acetylation in embryonic stem cells
Authors: Clouaire Thomas , Webb Shaun , Bird Adrian 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Background
Trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4me3) accumulates at promoters in a gene activity-dependent manner. The Set1 complex is responsible for most H3K4me3 in somatic cells and contains the conserved subunit Cfp1, which is implicated in targeting the Set1 complex to CpG islands in mammals. In mouse embryonic stem cells, Cfp1 is necessary for H3K4me3 accumulation at constitutively active gene promoters, but is not required to maintain steady-state transcription of the associated gene.

Results
Here we show that Cfp1 is instrumental for targeting H3K4me3 to promoters upon rapid transcriptional induction in response to external stimuli. Surprisingly, H3K4me3 accumulation is not required to ensure appropriate transcriptional output but rather plays gene-specific roles. We also show that Cfp1-dependent H3K4me3 deposition contributes to H3K9 acetylation genome-wide, suggesting that Cfp1-dependent H3K4me3 regulates overall H3K9 acetylation dynamics and is necessary for histone acetyl transferase recruitment. Finally, we observe increased antisense transcription at the start and end of genes that require Cfp1 for accurate deposition of H3K4me3 and H3K9ac.

Conclusions
Our results assign a key role for Cfp1 in establishing a complex active promoter chromatin state and shed light on how chromatin signaling pathways provide context-dependent transcriptional outcomes.
ColShield: an effective and collaborative protection shield for the detection and prevention of collaborative flooding of DDoS attacks in wireless mesh networks
Authors: Jingle I Diana Jeba , Rajsingh Elijah Blessing 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWireless mesh networks are highly susceptible to Distributed Denial-of-Service attacks due to its self-configuring property. Flooding DDOS attack is one form of collaborative attacks and the transport layer of such networks are extremely affected. In this paper we propose ColShield, an effective and collaborative protection shield which not only detects flooding attacks but also prevents the flooding attacks through clever spoof detection. ColShield consists of Intrusion Protection and Detection Systems (IPDS) located at various points in the network which collaboratively defend flooding attacks. ColShield detects the attack node and its specific port number under attack. In order to reduce the burden on a single global IPDS, the system uses several local IPDS for the collaborative mitigation of flooding attacks. The evaluation of ColShield is done using extensive simulations and is proved to be effective in terms of false positive ratio, packet delivery ratio, communication overhead and attack detection time.
Effect of inclination angle on the performance of a kind of vapor chamber
Authors: Ma Jinlong , Fu Xing , Hu Run , Luo Xaobing 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Vapor chamber is an effective heat spreader for decreasing the hotspot phenomena in LED, and there are many parameters influencing its performance. In this paper, a vapor chamber was experimentally investigated. Both the thermal resistance and the temperature uniformity of the condensing surface under different inclination angles were tested. As the inclination angle changed from 0° to 50° with 10° as an interval, the maximum relative change rate of thermal resistance and temperature uniformity were 9.1% and 4.5%, respectively. And the relative standard deviations of them were 5.5% and 3.7%.
Effects of Increased Free Fatty Acid Availability on Adipose Tissue Fatty Acid Storage in Men
Authors: Mundi Manpreet S. , Koutsari Chistina , Jensen Michael D. 
Published: September 2014

Context:A portion of free fatty acids (FFA) released from adipose tissue lipolysis are re-stored in adipocytes via direct uptake. Rates of direct adipose tissue FFA storage are much greater in women than men, but women also have greater systemic FFA flux and more body fat.Objective:We tested the hypotheses that experimental increases in FFA in men would equalize the rates of direct adipose tissue FFA storage in men and women.Design:We used a lipid emulsion infusion to raise FFA in men to levels seen in post-absorptive women. Direct FFA storage (μmol·kg fat−1·min−1) rates in abdominal and femoral fat was assessed using stable isotope tracer infusions to measure FFA disappearance rates and an iv FFA radiotracer bolus/timed biopsy.Setting:These studies were performed in a Clinical Research Center.Participants:Data from 13 non-obese women was compared with that from eight obese and eight non-obese men.Intervention:The men received a lipid emulsion infusion to raise FFA.Main Outcome Measures:We measured the rates of direct FFA storage in abdominal and femoral adipose tissue.Results:The three groups were similar in age and FFA flux by design; obese men had similar body fat percentage as non-obese women. Despite matching for FFA concentrations and flux, FFA storage per kg abdominal (P &lt; .01) and femoral (P &lt; .001) fat was less in both lean and obese men than in non-obese women. Abdominal FFA storage rates were correlated with proteins/enzymes in the FFA uptake/triglyceride synthesis pathway in men.Conclusion:The lesser rates of direct FFA adipose tissue in men compared with women cannot be explained by reduced FFA availability.
Null and hypomorphPrickle1alleles in mice phenocopy human Robinow syndrome and disrupt signaling downstream of Wnt5a
Authors: Liu Chunqiao , Lin Chen , Gao Chun , May-Simera Helen , Swaroop Anand , Li Tiansen 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTPlanar cell polarity (PCP) signaling plays a critical role in tissue morphogenesis. In mammals, disruption of three of the six “core PCP” components results in polarity-dependent defects with rotated cochlear hair cell stereocilia and open neural tube. We recently demonstrated a role of Prickle1, a core PCP molecule in Drosophila, in mammalian neuronal development. To examine Prickle1 function along a broader developmental window, we generated three mutant alleles in mice. We show that the complete loss of Prickle1 leads to systemic tissue outgrowth defects, aberrant cell organization and disruption of polarity machinery. Curiously, Prickle1 mutants recapitulate the characteristic features of human Robinow syndrome and phenocopy mouse mutants with Wnt5a or Ror2 gene defects, prompting us to explore an association of Prickle1 with the Wnt pathway. We show that Prickle1 is a proteasomal target of Wnt5a signaling and that Dvl2, a target of Wnt5a signaling, is misregulated in Prickle1 mutants. Our studies implicate Prickle1 as a key component of the Wnt-signaling pathway and suggest that Prickle1 mediates some of the WNT5A-associated genetic defects in Robinow syndrome.