bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SPORT-RELATED INJURIES DURING YOUTH AND NATIONAL COMBINED EVENTS CHAMPIONSHIPS
Authors: Edouard P , Samozino P , Escudier G , Baldini A , Morin JB 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundIn International Association of Athletics Federation and European Athletics competitions, higher injury incidences were reported for athletes participating in combined events.ObjectiveTo record and analyze the incidence and characteristics of injuries incurred during Youth and National combined events Championships.DesignProspective recording of newly occurred injuries.SettingFrench Athletics Combined Events Championships in Athletics 2010 in Saint-Etienne, France.ParticipantsLocal Organising Committee (LOC) physicians and physiotherapists working in the Medical Centres at the stadium.Main outcome measuresIncidence and characteristics of newly occurred injuries.ResultsA total of 51 injuries and 9 time-loss injuries were recorded among 107 registered athletes, corresponding in an incidence of 477 injuries and 84 time-loss injuries per 1000 registered athletes. 72.5% of injuries affected lower limbs. The most common diagnosis was thigh strain (17.6%), followed by trunk muscle cramps (11.8%), knee tendinopathy (9.8%), and ankle sprain (9.8%). Overuse injuries were the most common injury cause (60.8%), either with gradual (33.3%) and sudden onset (27.5%), followed by non-contact trauma (31.4%). Among the 14 dropouts recorded, about two third were caused by an injury (57.1%).ConclusionsDuring combined events championships at the youth and national, over one third of the registered athletes incurred an injury. This represented a higher injury incidence than during international elite athletics competitions. Moreover, these injuries concerned a younger population and affecting immature musculoskeletal structures. In combined events, preventive interventions should mainly focus on overuse and thigh injuries.
INJURY REPORTING VIA SMS TEXT MESSAGING IN COMMUNITY SPORT
Authors: Ekegren C , Gabbe B , Finch CF 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundThe use of text messaging or short message service (SMS) for injury reporting is a recent innovation in sport and has not yet been trialled at the community level. Considering the lack of personnel and resources in community sport, SMS may represent a viable option for ongoing injury surveillance.ObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility of injury self-reporting via SMS in community Australian football.DesignCohort study.SettingCommunity Australian football clubs.ParticipantsOf the 316 Australian football players eligible from four community clubs (male and aged 18+ years), 44% (n=139) agreed to participate. Seventeen participants were lost to follow up over the season.Main outcome measurementsConsenting players received an SMS after each football round asking whether they had been injured in the preceding week. Outcome variables included the number of SMS-reported injuries, players' response rates and response time. Poisson regression was used to evaluate any change in response rate over the season and the association between response rate and the number of reported injuries.ResultsIn the sample of 139 football players, 167 injuries were reported via SMS over the course of the season. The total response rate ranged from 90-98%. Of those participants who replied on the same day, 47% replied within five minutes. The number of reported injuries decreased as the season progressed but this was not significantly associated with a change in the response rate.ConclusionsThe number of injuries reported via SMS was consistent with previous studies in community Australian football. Injury reporting via SMS yielded a high response rate and fast response time and should be considered a viable injury reporting method for community sports settings.
INJURY SURVEILLANCE IN COMMUNITY SPORT: CAN WE OBTAIN VALID DATA FROM SPORTS TRAINERS?
Authors: Ekegren C , Gabbe B , Finch CF 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundA lack of available injury data on non-elite sports participants has hampered the development of informed preventative strategies for the broad base of sports participation. In community sports settings, sports trainers are well-placed to carry out injury surveillance but few studies have evaluated the validity of the data they record.ObjectiveTo investigate the capture rate, completeness and agreement between sports trainers and other sources of injury data in community sport.DesignValidation study.SettingCommunity Australian football clubs.ParticipantsOf the 316 Australian football players eligible from four community clubs (male and aged 18+ years), 44% (n=139) agreed to participate. Seventeen participants were lost to follow up over the season. At each club, an on-site sports trainer agreed to record players' injuries.Main outcome measurementsThroughout the football season (16–18 rounds) players reported their injuries to the club's sports trainer. To validate injury data recorded by sports trainers, we obtained self-reported injury data from players via short message service (SMS) and additionally from treating health-care practitioners. We reported the percentage of all injuries registered by sports trainers only, by players only (via SMS) and by both. For any injuries reported by sports trainers, players and health-care practitioners, we reported agreement between sources on a range of injury variables using the kappa (Κ) co-efficient.ResultsIn total, 210 discrete injuries were recorded, 59% by players via SMS only, 21% by sports trainers only and 21% by both. Kappa coefficients ranged from 0.32 (0.27–0.37) for date of return to football and 1.00 (1.00–1.00) for activity at time of injury.ConclusionsInjury data collected by sports trainers within community clubs is of adequate quality for providing an understanding of the profile of injuries. However, data are likely to underestimate true injury rates and therefore must be interpreted with caution.
WEIGHTY PROBLEMS: SPORT INJURIES IN OVERWEIGHT OR OBESE ACTIVE CANADIAN ADOLESCENTS
Authors: Ezzat A , Schneeberg A , Koehoorn M 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundDespite the multitude of benefits of sport participation, it is the leading cause of injury requiring medical attention in Canadian youth. Previous research found both increased exposure to sport and body mass index (BMI) are injury risk factors. As a modifiable risk factor, further examination of the association between being obese or overweight and sport injury is warranted, accounting for sport exposure level.ObjectiveTo examine the relationship between sport injury and overweight and obese weight, versus normal weight, among a sub-sample of adolescents. It is hypothesized that overweight and obese adolescents will have increased odds of sport injury.DesignCross-sectional analysis of the national population-based Canadian Community Health Survey (2009/10) by Statistics Canada.SettingCanada.ParticipantsNationally representative sample (n=6163) of Canadian adolescents aged 12–19 years, classified ‘active’ by daily energy expenditure in physical activity minimum 3 METS (Kcal/kg/day).Risk factor assessmentBMI was calculated using self-report data. Using Coles Classification System, participants were grouped: normal, overweight, or obese categories. Other variables (sex, ethnicity, daily physical activity, socio-economic status) were included in the multivariable logistic regression analysis to control for confounding.Main outcome measurementsSport injury: an injury in the past 12 months while engaged in sport or exercise.ResultsAmong the sample of active adolescents, 25% (n=1 529) reported a sport injury in the past 12 months. In the final adjusted model, no significant relationship was found between being overweight and sport injury (OR=1.05 95% CI=0.90–1.22). A significantly reduced odds of sport injury was observed among obese adolescents (OR=0.72 95% CI=0.53–0.99) compared to their normal weight counterparts.ConclusionsOverweight or obese active adolescents do not appear to be at increased risk of sports injury in this sample. The decreased odds among obese adolescents may be because of differences in intensity of sport participation or type of sporting activity.
PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS OF ADVANCED CARDIAC SCREENING: NO DIFFERENCES IN ANXIETY LEVELS BASED ON REASON FOR FALSE POSITIVE RESULT
Authors: Asif I , Price D , Jenkins J , Lett A , Irwin M , Johnson S , Toresdahl B , Pelto H , Smith T , Harmon K , Drezner J 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundThe American Heart Association (AHA) cites excessive anxiety in athletes with false positive results as a major deterrent to ECG screening during the PPE. No study has examined the experiences of athletes with false positive test results during cardiovascular screening.ObjectiveTo determine the psychological impact of young athletes with false positive results by history, exam, or ECG during cardiovascular screening.DesignProspective, multi-site investigation (22 schools).SettingYoung competitive athletes.Participants1 506 high school athletes (59.3% male, mean age 15.5 years, 53.7% Caucasian, 23.4% African American).Assessment of risk factorsAthletes underwent screening with a standardized AHA-based history and physical exam and ECG.Main outcome measurementsPre- and post-screen validated assessments for health attitudes, anxiety, and impact of screening on sport.Results74.1% of athletes had normal screens, 22.1% false positive results (12.9% history, 4.2% exam, 3.1% ECG), and 0.9% were diagnosed with a cardiac disorder. Before screening, females preferred to know about underlying cardiac conditions compared to males (P<.001). African-Americans were less concerned (P<.001) and less interested (P<.001) in cardiac screening compared to Caucasians. As a group, athletes did not report anxiety during screening and there were no differences in anxiety levels among athletes screening normal or false positive (P=.69). There were no differences in anxiety levels based on reason for false positive result (history, exam, or ECG) both during (P=.95) and after (P=.40) screening. Athletes with false positive outcomes reported they would recommend ECG screening and that it positively impacted their training. Athletes diagnosed with disease described anxiety after screening completion, but felt all athletes should receive an ECG prior to competition.ConclusionsThe AHA supposition that ECG screening causes excessive anxiety in athletes with false positive results is unsubstantiated. Psychological distress should not be used as a rationale against ECG screening.
PELVIC TILT: RELIABILITY OF MEASURING THE STANDING POSITION AND RANGE OF MOTION IN ADOLESCENT ATHLETES
Authors: Fourchet F , Materne O , Rajeb A , Horobeanu C , Farooq A 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundStanding pelvic posture remains a common assessment in sports therapy. The palpation technique assessing the relative position of the anterior and posterior superior iliac spines is widely used to quantify the asymmetry in pelvic position, but the reliability of this approach in adolescent athletes is not determined.ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to examine the inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of palpation meter (PALM) measures for assessing standing pelvic tilt in adolescent athletes.DesignTest-retest study.SettingSports academy physiotherapy laboratory.ParticipantsA group of highly-trained adolescent multi-sport athletes (n=75, age=14.9±1.7 yr) training in a national sports academy.InterventionsOn two occasions (10 min apart), two physiotherapists took the measurements of standing neutral pelvic tilt, anterior pelvic tilt and posterior pelvic tilt using the PALM. In each position an average of three measurements was taken by each examiner, alternatively for each side.Main outcome measurements:Reliability of standing pelvic tilt measures was assessed by calculating the between-session and the between-physiotherapists differences expressed as Cohen's d and the standard error of measurement (SEM: CV).ResultsAll measured parameters showed good inter-rater and intra-rater reproducibility. The standardized differences between two trials or two physiotherapists was trivial with Cohen's d<0.2 in each case. Most importantly the SEM was low when comparing measurements of neutral and anterior pelvic tilts positions between physiotherapists (CV≤15.8% and CV≤8.8% respectively) and between sessions (CV≤14.0% % and CV≤7.3% respectively), but not regarding posterior tilt position (CV≥38.9% between physiotherapists and CV≥24.8% between sessions).ConclusionsThe present method for assessing neutral and anterior standing pelvic tilt measurements has a good reliability level and may integrate longitudinal screening and clinical examination routines in young athletes. However, posterior pelvic tilt measurements should be cautiously interpreted due to lower measurements' reliability.
SAGITTAL SPINAL CURVATURES IN MAXIMAL TRUNK FLEXION OF YOUNG FEMALE DANCERS
Authors: Esparza-Ros F , Vaquero-Cristóbal R , Alacid F , Martínez-Ruiz E , López-Miñarro PA 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundKyphotic postures in both thoracic and lumbar curves have been associated to increased shear and compressive forces in the intervertebral joints. Hamstring extensibility influences pelvic, thoracic and lumbar curvatures when trunk bending movements are performed. Some studies have found higher hamstring muscle extensibility in dancers than other athletes.ObjectiveTo classify sagittal thoracic and lumbar curves when performed a maximum trunk flexion with knees extended (sit-and-reach test) in female dancers with high hamstring extensibility.DesignDescriptive study.SettingDance Conservatory professional. The sample included dance students of Professional education teaching.Participants86 female dancers (mean±SD, age: 15.18±2.62 years-old) with a straight leg raise test greater than 90° were recruited for this study.InterventionsNot applicable.Main outcome measurementsThoracic and lumbar curvatures were measured when maximal trunk flexion with knees extended (sit-and-reach test) was reached using a Spinal Mouse®. Thoracic values were classificated in three categories: slight (<45°), mild (45–60°) or high (>60°) kyphotic curve. Lumbar values were also classificated in three categories: slight (<23°), mild (23–31°) or high (>31°) kyphotic curve.ResultsMost dancers showed slight (43.02%) and mild (33.72%) thoracic curvature whereas the frequency of high thoracic kyphosis was 23.26%. Thirty-seven dancers showed thoracic angles between -5 and 44° (slight group) (mean value: 30.35±11.42°). The mean thoracic kyphosis of mild group was 51.55±4.80°. The high group showed values between 61 and 79° (mean value: 66.95±5.43°). With regards to the lumbar curvature, a large amount of the sample showed high (46.51%) and mild (37.20%) kyphotic curves.ConclusionsDance training is associated to increased lumbar kyphosis when maximum trunk flexion with knees extended is performed. Greater intervertebral bending of the lumbar spine in dancers could be associated to their high hamstring extensibility.
THE EFFECT OF CRYOTHERAPY APPLICATION TO THE ANKLE JOINT ON DYNAMIC POSTURAL STABILITY IN AN ELITE ATHLETIC POPULATION
Authors: Fullam K , Caulfield B , Coughlan GF , Delahunt E 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundDecreased postural stability is a primary risk factor for lower limb musculoskeletal injuries. During athletic competitions, cryotherapy may be applied during short breaks in play or during half-time; however its effects on postural stability remain unclear.ObjectiveTo investigate the acute effects of a 15-minute ankle joint cryotherapy application on dynamic postural stability.DesignExperimental study.SettingUniversity biomechanics laboratory.Participants29 elite level collegiate male field-sport athletes.InterventionsParticipants were tested on the anterior (ANT), posterior-lateral (PL) and posterior-medial (PM) reach directions of the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) both pre- and post- a 15-minute ankle joint cryotherapy application.Main outcome measurementsNormalized reach distances, along with sagittal plane kinematics of the hip, knee and ankle joints, as well as associated MVELO and AREAsw of the center-of-pressure (COP) path during the performance of the ANT, PL and PM reach directions of the SEBT.ResultsThere was a statistically significant decrease in ANT, PL and PM reach direction reach distance scores from pre-cryotherapy to post-cryotherapy (P≤.05). No significant differences were observed in hip, knee or ankle joint sagittal plane kinematics (P≥.05). There was a significant decrease in MVELO of the COP path from pre-cryotherapy to post-cryotherapy (P≤.05) in all reach directions (P≤.05). AREAsw of the COP path was significantly decreased from pre-cryotherapy to post-cryotherapy in the ANT and PM reach directions (P≥.05).ConclusionsThe results of the present study indicate that dynamic postural stability is adversely affected immediately following cryotherapy application to the ankle joint.
REDD1/DDIT4-Independent mTORC1 Inhibition and Apoptosis by Glucocorticoids in Thymocytes
Authors: Wolff Nicholas C. , McKay Renée M. , Brugarolas James 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Glucocorticoids induce apoptosis in lymphocytes and are commonly used to treat hematologic malignancies. However, they are also associated with significant adverse effects and their molecular mechanism of action is not fully understood. Glucocorticoid treatment induces expression of the mTORC1 inhibitor Regulated in Development and DNA Damage Response 1 (REDD1), also known as DNA-Damage Inducible Transcript 4 (DDIT4), and mTORC1 inhibition may distinguish glucocorticoid-sensitive from glucocorticoid-resistant acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Interestingly, REDD1 induction was impaired in glucocorticoid-resistant ALL cells and inhibition of mTORC1 using rapamycin restored glucocorticoid sensitivity. These data suggest that REDD1 may be essential for the response of ALL cells to glucocorticoids. To further investigate the role of REDD1, we evaluated the effects of glucocorticoids on primary thymocytes from wild-type and REDD1-deficient mice. Glucocorticoid-mediated apoptosis was blocked by a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist and by an inhibitor of transcription, which interfered with REDD1 induction and mTORC1 inhibition. However, REDD1 ablation had no effect on glucocorticoid-induced mTORC1 inhibition and apoptosis in thymocytes ex vivo. Overall, these data not only demonstrate the contextual differences of downstream signaling following glucocorticoid treatment but also provide a better mechanistic understanding of the role of REDD1.
Implications: These molecular findings underlying glucocorticoid action and the role of REDD1 are fundamental for the design of novel, more efficacious, and less toxic analogs. Mol Cancer Res; 12(6); 867–77. ©2014 AACR.
Nociception specific supraorbital nerve stimulation may prevent cluster headache attacks: Serendipity in a blink reflex study
Authors: Haane Danielle YP , Koehler Peter J 
Published: March 2014

Background In cluster headache, neuromodulation is offered when patients are refractory to pharmacological prophylaxis. Non-invasive peripheral neuromodulatory approaches are of interest. We will focus on these and particularly on nociception specific, transcutaneous supraorbital nerve stimulation. Methods In a study using the nociception specific blink reflex, we made a serendipitous discovery, notably the potential prophylactic effect of bilateral, time contingent, nociception specific, transcutaneous stimulation of the supraorbital nerve. Results We report on a case series of seven cluster headache patients, in whom attacks seemed to disappear during repeated stimulation of the supraorbital nerves. Three patients stopped experiencing attacks since study participation. Conclusions Bilateral, time contingent, nociception specific, transcutaneous supraorbital nerve stimulation may have a prophylactic effect in episodic and chronic cluster headache. Given its limited side effects and its non-invasive nature, further studies to investigate this potential peripheral neuromodulatory approach for both episodic and chronic cluster headache are warranted.
Cognitive Complaints Correlate With Depression Rather Than Concurrent Objective Cognitive Impairment in the Successful Aging Evaluation Baseline Sample
Authors: Zlatar Zvinka Z. , Moore Raeanne C. , Palmer Barton W. , Thompson Wesley K. , Jeste Dilip V. 
Published: March 2014

Objective: Whether subjective cognitive complaints are suggestive of depression or concurrent cognitive impairment in older adults without dementia remains unclear. The current study examined this question in a large (N = 1000), randomly selected, community-based sample of adults aged 51 to 99 years without a formal diagnosis of dementia (Successful AGing Evaluation [SAGE] study). Methods: The modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS-m) measured objective cognitive function, the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ) measured subjective cognitive complaints, and the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) measured depression. Spearman ρ correlations and linear regression models were conducted to examine the relationship among variables in the baseline SAGE sample. Results: There was a weak association between TICS-m and CFQ scores (ρ = −.12); however, a moderate to large association was observed for CFQ and PHQ-9 (ρ = .44). Scores on the CFQ were not associated with TICS-m scores (β = −.03, P = .42) after controlling for PHQ-9 and variables of interest, such as age, gender, ethnicity, and physical functioning, while PHQ-9 was significantly associated with CFQ scores (β = .46, P < .001) after controlling for variables of interest. Conclusions: Subjective cognitive complaints are more likely related to symptoms of depression rather than concurrent cognitive impairment in a large cross-section of community-dwelling adults without a formal diagnosis of dementia.
A Case of Inappropriate Apolipoprotein E Testing in Alzheimer’s Disease Due to Lack of an Informed Consent Discussion
Authors: Furman Christian D. , Earnshaw Lori A. , Doukas David J. , Farrer Lindsay A. , Friedland Robert P. 
Published: March 2014

Background/Objective: Apolipoprotein E ( APOE) genetic testing is used to assist in the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Whenever genetic testing is performed, an informed consent process should occur. Methods: In this case, a patient with memory loss presented to the neurologist. The neurologist ordered a lumbar puncture (LP). The LP was performed by a neuroradiologist who also ordered APOE genetic testing. The patient received no genetic counseling, nor was an informed consent document offered. Results: After the testing was completed, the neurologist faced an ethical dilemma. His solution was to offer the genetic testing to the patient in order to have an informed consent process. It was clear that the patient and her adult children did not want the genetic testing and that they would have been burdened with the results. The neurologist opted not to disclose the results. Conclusion: Genetic counseling and a signed informed consent document are required prior to any genetic testing. In this case, neither occurred and it led to an ethical dilemma that was ultimately resolved by the neurologist. As the population ages and AD becomes more prevalent, there is a need to expand the workforce of genetic counselors and educate physicians who commonly treat AD about genetic testing.