bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MicroRNA‐122 Overexpression Promotes Hepatic Differentiation of Human Adipose Tissue‐Derived Stem Cells
Authors: Davoodian Nahid , Lotfi Abbas S. , Soleimani Masoud , Mowla Seyed Javad 
Published: April 2014

AbstractMicroRNAs are the regulatory molecules in post‐transcriptional regulation of gene expression, which affect diverse biological processes and have been found to play important roles in regulating stem cell character in plants and animals. The aim of this study was to identify the role of miR‐122 during hepatic differentiation of human adipose tissue‐derived stem cells (hADSCs), and also to investigate whether overexpression of miR‐122 could enhance differentiation of hADSCs toward functional hepatocyte‐like cells without any extrinsic factor. To investigate this, the level of miR‐122 was monitored by quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) at specific time intervals following hepatic differentiation of hADSCs using growth factors. For the next step, lentiviral transduction was applied to overexpress miR‐122 in hADSCs for up to 21 days. Hepatic functionality was evaluated by analyzing specific hepatocyte genes and biochemical markers at different time points of differentiation induction. The qRT‐PCR results revealed that miR‐122 was upregulated during hepatic differentiation of hADSCs. Additionally, the stable miR‐122 overexpression in hADSCs resulted in increased expression of specific hepatocyte markers such as ALB, AFP, CK18, CK19, and HNF4a compared with the negative control cells. Moreover, urea and albumin production as well as glycogen deposits were observed in the treated cells. Therefore, our findings demonstrate that the hepatic differentiation process could be improved by the overexpression of miR‐122 in hADSCs, making it a potential therapeutic resource for liver disorders. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 1582–1593, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spinal and supraspinal processing of thermal stimuli: An fMRI study
Authors: Rempe Torge , Wolff Stephan , Riedel Christian , Baron Ralf , Stroman Patrick W. , Jansen Olav , Gierthmühlen Janne 
Published: April 2014

PurposeTo assess and characterize responses to innocuous/noxious thermal stimuli and heat allodynia using functional spinal magnetic resonance imaging (spinal fMRI).Materials and MethodsSpinal/supraspinal activation patterns of 16 healthy subjects were investigated by applying painful and nonpainful heat stimuli to dermatome C6 baseline and after sensitization with the heat/capsaicin model using fMRI (3T, single‐shot TSE, TR 9000 msec, TE 38 msec, FOV 288 × 144 × 20 mm, matrix 192 × 96, voxel size 1 × 1 × 2 mm).ResultsIncreased activity was observed in ipsi‐ and contralateral ventral and dorsal spinal horn during noxious heat and heat allodynia. During noxious heat, but not during heat allodynia, activations were visible in the periaqueductal gray, ipsilateral cuneiform nucleus, and ipsilateral dorsolateral pontine tegmentum (DLPT). However, during heat allodynia activations were observed in bilateral ruber nuclei, contralateral DLPT, and rostral ventromedial medulla oblongata (RVM). Activations in contralateral subnucleus reticularis dorsalis (SRD) were visible during both noxious heat and heat allodynia (T >2.5, P < 0.01 for all of the above). After sensitization, activations in RVM and SRD correlated with activations in the ipsilateral dorsal horn of the spinal cord (R = 0.52–0.98, P < 0.05).ConclusionSpinal fMRI successfully demonstrates increased spinal activity and secondary changes in activation of supraspinal centers involved in pain modulation caused by peripheral nociceptor sensitization. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:1046–1055. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sensitivity of summer precipitation over the Korean Peninsula to temperature gradients
Authors: Jeong Min‐Soo , Kim Jong‐Suk , Oh Sang Myeong , Moon Young‐Il 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTThe warm‐season hydroclimatology stemming primarily from the monsoon and typhoons in East Asia is an important determinant of sustainable water supplies for coupled human and natural systems. Therefore, in this study, we develop an empirical approach to the separation of summer rainfall into typhoon and monsoon types. In addition, exploratory analysis is conducted for regional patterns of summer precipitation across the Korean Peninsula (KP) to determine changes in the various types of temperature gradient. The results show that atmospheric thermal transitions lead significant and consistent changes in rainfall during the boreal summer season (June–September) in South Korea. For positive land–ocean contrast years, statistically significant positive anomalies of summer precipitation were exhibited in the interior and eastern river basins. In contrast, for negative years, suppression of seasonal precipitation patterns was detected. Moreover, during years of positive meridional temperature gradient, summers tended to be wetter relative to the long‐term average. Although the time window of typhoon impacts may vary for different episodic typhoon events, the obtained positive anomalies of seasonal precipitation were more significant after removing the effects of tropical cyclones over the KP.
Graphene oxide as a micro‐solid‐phase extraction sorbent for the enrichment of parabens from water and vinegar samples
Authors: Wang Lu , Zang Xiaohuan , Wang Chun , Wang Zhi 
Published: April 2014

A simple hydrophilic polyamide organic membrane protected micro‐solid‐phase extraction method with graphene oxide as the sorbent was developed for the enrichment of some parabens from water and vinegar samples prior to gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection. The main experimental parameters affecting the extraction efficiencies, such as the type and amount of the sorbent, extraction time, stirring rate, salt addition, sample solution pH and desorption conditions, were investigated. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the method showed a good linearity in the range of 0.1–100.0 ng/mL for water samples and 0.5–100.0 ng/mL for vinegar samples, with the correlation coefficients varying from 0.9978 to 0.9997. The limits of detection (S/N = 3) of the method were in the range of 0.005–0.010 ng/mL for water samples and 0.01–0.05 ng/mL for vinegar samples, respectively. The recoveries of the method for the analytes at spiking levels of 5.0 and 70.0 ng/mL were between 84.6 and 106.4% with the relative standard deviations varying from 4.2 to 9.5%. The results indicated that the developed method could be a practical approach for the determination of paraben residues in water and vinegar samples.
Trends in cardiovascular disease risk factors by obesity level in adults in the United States, NHANES 1999‐2010
Authors: Saydah Sharon , Bullard Kai McKeever , Cheng Yiling , Ali Mohammed K. , Gregg Edward W. , Geiss Linda , Imperatore Giuseppina 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveTo assess whether trends in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors by among overweight and obese US adults have improved.MethodsThe study included 10,568 adults 18 years and older who participated in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999‐2010. CVD risk factors included diabetes (self‐reported diagnosis, glycated hemoglobin ≥6.5%, or fasting plasma glucose ≥126mg/dl), hypertension (treatment or blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg), dyslipidemia (treatment or non‐HDL cholesterol ≥160 mg/dl), and smoking (self‐report or cotinine levels ≥10 ng/ml). The prevalence and temporal trends of CVD risk factors for each BMI group were estimated.ResultsIn 2007‐2010, the prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia was highest among obese (18.5%, 35.7%, 49.7%, respectively) followed by overweight (8.2%, 26.4%, 44.2%, respectively) and normal weight adults (5.4%, 19.8%, 28.6%, respectively). Smoking exposure was highest among normal weight (29.8%) followed by overweight (24.8%) and obese adults (24.6%). From 1999‐2002 to 2007‐2010, untreated hypertension decreased among obese and overweight adults and untreated dyslipidemia decreased for all weight groups. There were no significant temporal changes in smoking across BMI groups.ConclusionsDespite decreases in untreated risk factors, it is important to improve the CVD risk profile of overweight and obese US adults.
Did Age Discrimination Protections Help Older Workers Weather the Great Recession?
Authors: Neumark David , Button Patrick 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe examine whether stronger age discrimination laws at the state level moderated the impact of the Great Recession on older workers. We use a difference‐in‐difference‐in‐differences strategy to compare older and younger workers, in states with stronger and weaker laws, before, during, and after the Great Recession. We find very little evidence that stronger age discrimination protections helped older workers weather the Great Recession, relative to younger workers. The evidence sometimes points in the opposite direction, with stronger state age discrimination protections associated with more adverse effects of the Great Recession on older workers. We suggest that during an experience such as the Great Recession, severe labor market disruptions make it difficult to discern discrimination, weakening the effects of stronger state age discrimination protections. Alternatively, higher termination costs associated with stronger age discrimination protections may do more to deter hiring when future product and labor demand is highly uncertain.
Shame and diabetes self‐management
Authors: Archer Alan 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe central theme of this article is that a person with diabetes who thinks they are ‘not good enough’ at diabetes self‐management is manifesting a sense of shame. This fundamental human attribute is often the most significant, underlying issue that people face in psychotherapy and yet neither the ICD‐10 nor the DSM‐V recognises shame as a discrete diagnosis.In our diabetes consultations we have all experienced the person who speaks in self‐deprecating tones about their high HbA1c level, how they are a ‘bad diabetic’; we sense, from their body language, that they think and feel ‘not good enough’ and expect to be criticised for poor glucose control. These are clues that tell us shame is present and, unless it is actively addressed, self‐management is unlikely to deliver the healthy outcomes that the person with diabetes desires.This article addresses what shame is, its purpose, how it develops, our response to it and how it may best be dealt with.The language of psychotherapy is unlikely to be familiar to most diabetes health carers; I have therefore employed everyday language to present Humanistic psychotherapy shame concepts in as clear a way as possible.The manner in which people with diabetes tackle, minute by minute, hour by hour and day in day out, their self‐management is frequently shaped not only by their sense of personal shame but by how their diabetes carer's own shame issues affect their consultation skills. Shame plays a major role in the eventual consequences of diabetes self‐management. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons.
Exchange coupling and magnetic anisotropy for different concentration of iron based nanoparticles in aligned carbon nanotube arrays
Authors: Prischepa Serghej L. , Danilyuk Alexander L. , Prudnikava Alena L. , Komissarov Ivan V. , Labunov Vladimir A. , Le Normand Francois 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe present results of study of magnetic properties of nanocomposite formed in situ during the synthesis of aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays. CNTs were grown by the atmospheric pressure floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition method. High temperature pyrolysis of ferrocene/xylene solution injected into the quartz tube at high temperature was carried out. By varying the ferrocene content (CF) in the ferrocene/xylene solution we tuned the concentration, location, size, shape and chemical state of iron based catalytic ferromagnetic nanoparticles.The variation of these parameters was reflected in the magnetic properties of the CNT based nanocomposite. In particular, it is shown, that the main interaction mechanism between ferromagnetic nanoparticles for high CF contents is the exchange coupling, while the magnetic anisotropy dominates at low ferrocene concentration. The role of the orientation of the nanotubes is decisive for the observation of magnetic anisotropy. When the alignment is destroyed, the exchange coupling mechanism starts to dominate also for low CF samples. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Farmers, bandits and soldiers: a generic system for addressing peace agendas
Authors: Saeed Khalid , Pavlov Oleg V. , Skorinko Jeanine , Smith Alexander 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe propose a generic model that explains why political systems tend toward certain outcomes. The model identifies possible economic and psychological paths toward change in a metaphorical political economy consisting of farmers, bandits and soldiers. In addition to economic factors, we also consider how two psychological factors, broadly categorized as group identity and exposure to violence, affect the behavior of metaphorical agents. We find that though outcomes tend to be similar with and without the psychological influences, the psychological influences accelerate the adjustment process and create additional policy space for interventions. A methodological contribution of the paper also is the use of summary performance measures represented as phase plots that have the potential to be used with advantage in system dynamics analyses. Copyright © 2014 System Dynamics Society
Wildlife management aims and ecological processes: A case study of kangaroos
Authors: Boyle Maria , Hone Jim 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTWildlife management can be for conservation, sustainable utilization, and pest control. This study describes broad‐scale patterns in the annual population growth rate (r) in 2 large mammals that are the focus of wildlife management, namely the western gray (Macropus fuliginosus) and the red kangaroo (M. rufus). The study also aims to determine the processes that generate the patterns, in particular weather and harvesting. The mean annual population growth rates were not different from zero (r ∼ 0) consistent with no long‐term trends and the stated kangaroo management aims of conservation and sustainable utilization. The frequency distributions of r were broadly consistent with the published data for several other small and large mammals. Western gray kangaroo population dynamics were weakly related to prior rainfall (and the prior Southern Oscillation Index, SOI) and harvesting. Population dynamics of red kangaroos were most related (ω1 = 0.53, R2 = 0.16) to the prior SOI, and to a lesser extent to prior rainfall and harvesting however the relationships were weak. Hence, the management aims were achieved but the ecological processes behind them describing the effects of weather and harvesting are unclear at the large landscape scale. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.
Ethical Issues in Surgical Innovation
Authors: Miller Megan E. , Siegler Mark , Angelos Peter 
Published: April 2014

AbstractInnovation is responsible for most advances in the field of surgery. Innovative approaches to solving clinical problems have significantly decreased morbidity and mortality for many surgical procedures, and have led to improved patient outcomes. While innovation is motivated by the surgeon’s expectation that the new approach will be beneficial to patients, not all innovations are successful or result in improved patient care. The ethical dilemma of surgical innovation lies in the uncertainty of whether a particular innovation will prove to be a “good thing.” This uncertainty creates challenges for surgeons, patients, and the healthcare system. By its very nature, innovation introduces a potential risk to patient safety, a risk that may not be fully known, and it simultaneously fosters an optimism bias. These factors increase the complexity of informed consent and shared decision making for the surgeon and the patient. Innovative procedures and their associated technology raise issues of cost and resource distribution in the contemporary, financially conscious, healthcare environment. Surgeons and institutions must identify and address conflicts of interest created by the development and application of an innovation, always preserving the best interest of the patient above the academic or financial rewards of success. Potential strategies to address the challenges inherent in surgical innovation include collecting and reporting objective outcomes data, enhancing the informed consent process, and adhering to the principles of disclosure and professionalism. As surgeons, we must encourage creativity and innovation while maintaining our ethical awareness and responsibility to patients.
Anorectal melanoma – histopathological and immunohistochemical features and treatment
Authors: Cruz Geraldo Magela Gomes da , Filho José de Souza Andrade , Patrus Gil , Leite Sinara Mônica de Oliveira , da Silva Ilson Geraldo , Teixeira Ricardo Guimarães , Braga Áurea Cassia Gualberto , Ferreira Renata Magali Ribeiro Silluzio 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAnorectal melanomas should be characterized by location (anal, rectal and anorectal), color, size, shape and mobility and microscopically, by melanocyte subtypes, grade of melanin pigmentation, junctional changes in the squamous epithelium, atypical mitotic index, cellular atypia, inflammatory infiltrate, vascular and perineural invasion, sentinel lymph node, and anorectal parietal penetration. Anorectal melanomas must be staged by American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) and/or TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours (TNM) criteria. As melanocytes can present with several shapes, sometimes the differential diagnosis with other tumors in this region may be difficult. Because of this, immunohistochemistry is mandatory to attain a precise diagnosis. This study is a report of 14 patients with anorectal melanoma, in whom histological examinations were remade and immunohistochemistry was performed with several markers for melanocytes and for other tumor cells of the anorectal region, properly establishing the diagnosis. The most rational surgery is the extended local resection, when the disease is restricted to the area or the abdominoperineal resection to advanced lesions. Regardless of the technique used, the results are always poor. The authors deny any efficacy of current radio and/or chemotherapy as part of treatment of anorectal melanoma. Target-therapy for metastatic disease has been considered a good strategy, but the results are still inconclusive.
Perianal tuberculosis: A rare disease of late diagnosis
Authors: Corrêa Neto Isaac José Felippe , Siá Otávio Nunes , Lopes Eduardo Augusto , Macacari Rodrigo Luiz , Watté Hugo Henriques , Souza Rogério Freitas Lino , Rolim Alexander Sá , Robles Laércio 
Published: April 2014

AbstractTuberculosis remains a public health problem and its rare extrapulmonary forms persist with late diagnosis, which delays the diagnosis and favors the dissemination of the disease. The perianal manifestation occurs in approximately 0.7% of tuberculosis cases and usually manifests as fistulizing disease, but may also present with ulcerated lesions, with necrotic and quite painful clinical picture. Initial treatment should be carried out aimed at controlling perineal and perianal sepsis, with subsequent establishment of specific drug therapy provided by the Health Ministry.
Closure of leak at the tip of the “J” after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis using a novel over-the-scope clipping system
Authors: Lian Lei , Shen Bo 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Objective leaks from the body or the tip of the J-pouch can occur after restorative proctocolecotmy. Although it may follow an indolent clinical course, it often requires surgical repair or pouch revision. Here we describe a novel endoscopic approach to close the leak at the tip of the J pouch.
Design pouchoscopy was performed under sedation and endoscopic over-the-scope clipping system was used for the management of a leak from the tip of a J-pouch.
Results under sedation, a pouchoscopy was performed and the deep tip of “J” leak was detected with a guidewire, along with water-contrasted pouchogram. The contained cavity from the leak was cleaned with hydrogen peroxide and 50% dextrose. Debridement of the epithelialized mouth of the leak was performed with an endoscopic cytology brush. Then endoscopic over-the-scope clipping system was used and the leak defect was completely closed. There was no bleeding or perforation. The entire procedure took 25 min. The patient continued to do well and reported resolution of the low back pain symptom.
Conclusion we reported the first case in the literature that a leak from the tip of a J-pouch was endoscopically occluded using a novel over-the-scope clipping system.
Clinicopathological aspects and prevalence of human papillomavirus in anal cancer
Authors: Aguiar Marina Tayla Mesquita , Bosso Natália Carelli de Castro , Leal Caio Bruno Quinta de Souza , de Lira Clerlhan Ferreira , Cabral Lázara Alyne Oliveira , Silva Antonio Márcio Teodoro Cordeiro , Saddi Vera Aparecida 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAnal cancer is relatively rare; however, its incidence has increased in recent years. Several risk factors are associated with the development of anal cancer, including age older than 50 years, low-fiber diet, chronic anal fistulas, smoking, multiple partners, anal intercourse practice, Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection and immunosuppression. However, the presence of human papillomavirus represents the main risk factor for the development of anal cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathological aspects of a series of patients with anal carcinomas diagnosed in Hospital Araújo Jorge, Goiânia-Goiás, as well as the prevalence of human papillomavirus genome in these tumors. Clinical, pathological and socio-demographic data were collected from the respective medical files and paraffin blocks containing anal carcinomas specimens were used for DNA extraction and detection of human papillomavirus, by means of polymerase chain reaction, using short PCR fragment primers. Forty-three cases were selected and had the data analyzed, while 38 cases were tested for human papillomavirus genome detection. Among the evaluated patients, 62.8% were women; 53.4% of tumors were squamous cell carcinoma and 46.5% of the patients were aged between 60 and 75 years. Risk factors, such as smoking (39.5%) and alcoholism (20.9%) were recorded in the studied group. Lymph node metastases were detected in 30.2% of cases and 7.0% had distant metastasis. The detection of human papillomavirus DNA was positive in 76% of cases assessed and this was significantly associated with squamous cell carcinomas. Aggressive behavior and advanced stage of anal cancer described in this study highlight the need for preventive measures that contemplate these tumors, including vaccination against human papillomavirus.