bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socio-Economic Inequities and Household Sanitation in Rural India: A Comparative Analysis for Three States
Authors: Katrak Homi 
Published: September 2014

There is widespread concern about the socio-economic inequities that disadvantage certain households in rural India. This article focuses on inequities in the context of the shortage of household sanitation. Lack of proper sanitation is a major environmental risk to children’s health and an inconvenience, particularly for women. We undertake a comparative analysis of three states, namely Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and the Punjab. These three states are chosen because they differ significantly in terms of the Human Development Index. We compare the overall shortage of household sanitation in their rural areas and the likelihood of sanitation-related inequities. Empirical analyses, with data for 2007–08, showed that, in respect of both sanitation and sanitation-related inequities, Madhya Pradesh was in the third position, Gujarat did rather better, while Punjab had the best performance. The results could have some useful policy implications.
Dissensions and Distances of Ideology to Reality: The Origins and Mitigations of Radical System Uncertainty from Dialectic Diagnosis
Authors: Chang Beryl Y. 
Published: September 2014

Market practices since the industrialization in the West have followed a formal dualist system or monist reductionist system, where the former treats the opposites, for example, gain and loss, as mutual exclusives and the latter regards each practice as an independent or separable component. However, in light of the global economic recession that originated from the financial and property markets in the United States (US), many implore an explanation of the mechanisms of economic components in a market system and yearn for an outcome that transcends those from either the formal dualist or the monist reductionist practice that led to system collapse. Subsequently, this article presents strands of dialectic laws and principles in seeking understandings and resolutions of conflict reflecting industrial development in technology and innovations in a complex economic system. JEL: D81, G01, G02, G18, G21, Z13
Intratumoral pseudoaneurysms in hepatocellular carcinoma: do they occur de novo without any prior intervention? A tertiary care center experience of 6 years
Authors: Haider Zishan , Idris Muhammad , Sajjad Zafar , Humayun Sidra , Kashif Nazia , Ali Sajjad 
Published: September 2014

Background Intratumoural pseudoaneurysms (ITPA) within hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) usually arise as postprocedural complications of endovascular therapies or surgical procedures. Their de novo presence in HCC without any prior interventions has not been adequately described in medical literature. Purpose To evaluate and quantify the presence of intratumoural pseudoaneurysms (ITPA) within hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) prior to any intervention. Material and Methods Retrospective cross-sectional review of 519 patients with HCC at a tertiary care university hospital with the purpose to evaluate and quantify the presence of ITPA present prior to any therapy. Patients’ baseline data along with viral marker status, alpha fetoprotein (AFP) levels, imaging findings, and any prior treatment provided were recorded. Multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) scans of selected patients were reviewed for presence of any ITPA and their incidence was calculated. Results ITPAs without any prior therapy were found in 5% (25/519) of patients with HCC. Seventeen of 25 (68%) patients had liver cirrhosis while eight of 25 (32%) patients were non-cirrhotic on imaging. Multiple ITPAs were seen in 44% (11/25) of patients. Eight percent (2/25) of patients had pseudoaneurysm-associated hemorrhage, 20% (5/25) had lung metastasis, 12% (3/25) had portal vein thrombosis, 8% (2/25) had hepatic vein thrombosis, and 16% (4/25) had peritumoral hematoma. The incidence of de novo ITPAs occurring in patients with HCC without any prior therapy or intervention was 0.24%. Conclusion These cases provide a unique insight into an additional feature of HCC and usefulness of recognizing the ITPAs on imaging studies. Although de novo ITPAs in HCC are uncommon, occurring with an incidence rate of 0.24%, their presence in hypervascular hepatic lesion may point towards the diagnosis of HCC. Additionally, they should be accounted for in management planning as they can lead to complications of rupture and hemorrhage.
Correlation between apparent diffusion coefficients on diffusion-weighted MRI and standardized uptake value on FDG-PET/CT in pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Sakane Makoto , Tatsumi Mitsuaki , Kim Tonsok , Hori Masatoshi , Onishi Hiromitsu , Nakamoto Atsushi , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Nagano Hiroaki , Wakasa Kenichi , Hatazawa Jun , Tomiyama Noriyuki 
Published: September 2014

Background Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) and 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose–positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is increasingly recognized as important for assessing tumor malignancy in oncology. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and standardized uptake value (SUV) are negatively correlated in some types of cancer based on tumor aggressiveness. Purpose To evaluate relationships between ADC of magnetic resonance imaging and SUV of PET/CT in pancreatic adenocarcinomas. Material and Methods Twenty-nine patients histopathologically diagnosed with pancreatic adenocarcinomas were evaluated. ADC maps were generated from 3 T-MRI using b values (b = 0, 800 s/mm2). PET/CT was performed 60 min after intravenous injection of FDG (3.7 MBq/kg). The margins of tumors on DW-MRI and PET/CT were assessed to measure ADC and SUV of tumor appropriately. For tumors considered well-marginated, minimal and mean ADC as well as maximal and mean SUV were measured. The correlation of ADC and SUV were statistically evaluated and survival period stratified on ADC and SUV also evaluated. Results Twenty-two tumors on DW-MRI and 25 on PET/CT were deemed well-marginated. Minimal ADC was significantly and negatively correlated with maximal and mean SUV (r = −0.61, P = 0.0040; r = −0.66, P = 0.0015), and mean ADC also showed significantly and negatively correlation with maximal and mean SUV (r = −0.50, P = 0.024; r = −0.54, P = 0.012). There was no significant difference on overall survival stratified on ADC and SUV. Conclusion ADC and SUV were significantly correlated in pancreatic adenocarcinomas, although no significant findings were observed in overall survival.
Comparison of emergence times with different fresh gas flow rates following desflurane anaesthesia
Authors: Jeong Ji Seon , Yoon Sung Wook , Choi Sung Lark , Choi Sung Hwan , Lee Bong Yeong , Jeong Mi Ae 
Published: September 2014

Objective To investigate emergence times with different fresh gas flow rates, following desflurane anaesthesia. Methods Patients undergoing surgery with desflurane anaesthesia were randomly assigned to receive fresh gas flow rates of 100% oxygen during emergence of 2 l/min (group D2), 4 l/min (group D4) or 6 l/min (group D6). Time to eye opening, spontaneous movement and extubation (emergence time) were assessed after desflurane discontinuation. The end-tidal concentration of desflurane and bispectral index were recorded at each of these timepoints. Results A total of 105 patients were included in the study, with 35 in each of the three groups. Mean times to extubation were 17.6 min, 9.9 min and 9.1 min in groups D2, D4 and D6, respectively. Times to eye opening, spontaneous movement and extubation in group D2 were significantly longer than in groups D4 and D6. Conclusions These results suggest that there is the potential to predict emergence time based on fresh gas flow rate following desflurane anaesthesia. It should therefore be possible to use a low-flow technique during the emergence period, in addition to the maintenance period, without delaying recovery if the inhaled anaesthetic is stopped at the predicted time before the end of surgery.
Application and feasibility of systemic lupus erythematosus reproductive health care quality indicators at a public urban rheumatology clinic
Authors: Quinzanos I , Davis L , Keniston A , Nash A , Yazdany J , Fransen R , Hirsh J M , Zell J 
Published: September 2014

Objectives Quality indicators (QIs) are evidence-based processes of care designed to represent the current standard of care. Reproductive health QIs for the care of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have recently been developed, and examine areas such as pregnancy screening for autoantibodies, treatment of pregnancy-associated antiphospholipid syndrome, and contraceptive counseling. This study was designed to investigate our performance on these QIs and to explore potential gaps in care and demographic predictors of adherence to the QIs in a safety-net hospital. Methods We performed a record review of patients with a diagnosis of SLE at Denver Health Medical Center (DH) through an electronic query of existing medical records and via chart review. Data were limited to female patients between the ages of 18 and 50 who were seen between July 2006 and August 2011. Results A total of 137 female patients between the ages of 18 and 50 were identified by ICD-9 code and confirmed by chart review to have SLE. Of these, 122 patients met the updated 1997 American College of Rheumatology SLE criteria and had intact reproductive systems. Only 15 pregnancies were documented during this five-year period, and adherence to autoantibody screening was 100 percent. We did not have any patients who were pregnant and met criteria for pregnancy-associated antiphospholipid syndrome. Sixty-five patients (53%) received potentially teratogenic medications, and 30 (46%) had documented discussions about these medications’ potential risk upon their initiation. Predictors of whether patients received appropriate counseling included younger age (OR 0.92, CI 0.87–0.98) and those who did not describe English as their primary language (OR 0.24, CI 0.07–0.87) in the multivariate analysis. Conclusions We were able to detect an important gap in care regarding teratogenic medication education to SLE patients of childbearing potential in our public health academic clinic, as only one in two eligible patients had documented appropriate counseling at the initiation of a teratogenic medication.
Deciphering clonality in aneuploid breast tumors using SNP array and sequencing data
Authors: Lönnstedt Ingrid M , Caramia Franco , Li Jason , Fumagalli Debora , Salgado Roberto , Rowan Andrew , Salm Max , Kanu Nnennaya , Savas Peter , Horswell Stuart , Gade Stephan , Loibl Sibylle , Neven Patrick , Sotiriou Christos , Swanton Charles , Loi Sherene , Speed Terence P 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIntra-tumor heterogeneity concerns the existence of genetically different subclones within the same tumor. Single sample quantification of heterogeneity relies on precise determination of chromosomal copy numbers throughout the genome, and an assessment of whether identified mutation variant allele fractions match clonal or subclonal copy numbers. We discuss these issues using data from SNP arrays, whole exome sequencing and pathologist purity estimates on several breast cancers characterized by ERBB2 amplification. We show that chromosomal copy numbers can only be estimated from SNP array signals or sequencing depths for subclonal tumor samples with simple subclonal architectures under certain assumptions.
Utility of Routine Post-Therapy Surveillance Imaging in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Thompson Carrie A. , Ghesquieres Herve , Maurer Matthew J. , Cerhan James R. , Biron Pierre , Ansell Stephen M. , Chassagne-Clément Catherine , Inwards David J. , Gargi Thérèse , Johnston Patrick B. , Nicolas-Virelizier Emmanuelle , Macon William R. , Peix Marie , Micallef Ivana N. , Sebban Catherine , Nowakowski Grzegorz S. , Porrata Luis F. , Weiner George J. , Witzig Thomas E. , Habermann Thomas M. , Link Brian K. 
Published: September 2014

Purpose We examined the utility of post-therapy surveillance imaging in a large, prospectively enrolled cohort of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) from the United States and confirmed our results in an independent cohort of patients from France. Methods Patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL and treated with anthracycline-based immunochemotherapy were identified from the Molecular Epidemiology Resource (MER) of the University of Iowa/Mayo Clinic Lymphoma Specialized Program of Research Excellence and the Léon Bérard Cancer Center, Lyon, France. In those with relapse, details at relapse and outcomes were abstracted from records. Results 680 individuals with DLBCL were identified from the MER, 552 (81%) of whom achieved remission after induction. 112 of the 552 patients (20%) suffered a relapse. The majority (64%) of relapses were identified before a scheduled follow-up visit. Surveillance imaging detected DLBCL relapse before clinical manifestations in nine out of 552 patients (1.6%) observed after therapy. In the Lyon cohort, imaging identified asymptomatic DLBCL relapse in four out of 222 patients (1.8%). There was no difference in survival after DLBCL relapse in patients detected at scheduled follow-up versus before scheduled follow-up in both the MER (P = .56) and Lyon cohorts (P = .25). Conclusion The majority of DLBCL relapses are detected outside of planned follow-up, with no difference in outcome in patients with DLBCL detected at a scheduled visit compared with patients with relapse detected outside of planned follow-up. These data do not support the use of routine surveillance imaging for follow-up of DLBCL.
Body Mass Index and Risk of Second Obesity-Associated Cancers After Colorectal Cancer: A Pooled Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies
Authors: Gibson Todd M. , Park Yikyung , Robien Kim , Shiels Meredith S. , Black Amanda , Sampson Joshua N. , Purdue Mark P. , Beane Freeman Laura E. , Andreotti Gabriella , Weinstein Stephanie J. , Albanes Demetrius , Fraumeni Joseph F. , Curtis Rochelle E. , Berrington de Gonzalez Amy , Morton Lindsay M. 
Published: September 2014

Purpose To determine whether prediagnostic body mass index (BMI) is associated with risk of second obesity-associated cancers in colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors, and whether CRC survivors have increased susceptibility to obesity-associated cancer compared with cancer-free individuals. Patients and Methods Incident first primary CRC cases (N = 11,598) were identified from five prospective cohort studies. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to examine associations between baseline (prediagnostic) BMI and risk of second obesity-associated cancers (postmenopausal breast, kidney, pancreas, esophageal adenocarcinoma, endometrium) in CRC survivors, and compared associations to those for first obesity-associated cancers in the full cohort. Results Compared with survivors with normal prediagnostic BMI (18.5-24.9 kg/m2), those who were overweight (25-29.9 kg/m2) or obese (30+ kg/m2) had greater risk of a second obesity-associated cancer (n = 224; overweight hazard ratio [HR], 1.39; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.92; obese HR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.02 to 2.12; per 5-unit change in BMI HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.98 to 1.29). The magnitude of risk for developing a first primary obesity-associated cancer was similar (overweight HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.21; obese HR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.56 to 1.66; per 5-unit change in BMI HR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.21 to 1.24). Before diagnosis CRC patients were somewhat more likely than the overall cohort to be overweight (44% v 41%) or obese (25% v 21%). Conclusion CRC survivors who were overweight or obese before diagnosis had increased risk of second obesity-associated cancers compared with survivors with normal weight. The risks were similar in magnitude to those observed for first cancers in this population, suggesting increased prevalence of overweight or obesity, rather than increased susceptibility, may contribute to elevated second cancer risks in colorectal cancer survivors compared with the general population. These results support emphasis of existing weight guidelines for this high-risk group.
Non-human lnc-DC orthologs encode Wdnm1-like protein
Authors: Dijkstra Johannes M. , Ballingall Keith T. 
Published: September 2014

In a recent publication in Science, Wang et al. found a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) expressed in human dendritic cells (DC), which they designated lnc-DC. Based on lentivirus-mediated RNA interference (RNAi) experiments in human and murine systems, they concluded that lnc-DC is important in differentiation of monocytes into DC. However, Wang et al. did not mention that their so-called “mouse lnc-DC ortholog” gene was already designated “Wdnm1-like” and is known to encode a small secreted protein. We found that incapacitation of the Wdnm1-like open reading frame (ORF) is very rare among mammals, with all investigated primates except for hominids having an intact ORF. The null-hypothesis by Wang et al. therefore should have been that the human lnc-DC transcript might only represent a non-functional relatively young evolutionary remnant of a protein coding locus. Whether this null-hypothesis can be rejected by the experimental data presented by Wang et al. depends in part on the possible off-target (immunogenic or otherwise) effects of their RNAi procedures, which were not exhaustive in regard to the number of analyzed RNAi sequences and control sequences. If, however, the conclusions by Wang et al. on their human model are correct, and they may be, current knowledge regarding the Wdnm1-like locus suggests an intriguing combination of different functions mediated by transcript and protein in the maturation of several cell types at some point in evolution. We feel that the article by Wang et al. tends to be misleading without the discussion presented here.
The Dissolution of Amorphous Silica in the Presence of Tropolone Under Acidic Conditions
Authors: Etou Mayumi , Tsuji Yutaka , Somiya Kenji , Okaue Yoshihiro , Yokoyama Takushi 
Published: September 2014

AbstractDissolution of amorphous silica or silicate is an important reaction to release silicic acid in natural water and this reaction is affected by several factors. The existence of a natural organic compound, tropolone, because of its abundance, is of particular importance. In the present study, the dissolution of amorphous silica in the presence of tropolone (HL) was investigated in an aqueous solution under acidic conditions. The dissolution is controlled by the reaction between silicic acid and tropolone (Si(OH)4 + 3HL + H+ ⇌ SiL3+ + 4H2O), where the conditional formation constant K = [SiL3+]/[Si(OH)4][HL]3[H+]). The solubility of amorphous silica in the presence of tropolone was significantly greater than that in pure water due to the formation of the Si-tropolonate complex in the solution. The acceleration of silica dissolution by tropolone depends on the reaction pH and tropolone concentration. The solubility of the amorphous silica in the tropolone solution at pH 1 was approximately ten times greater than in the 0.1 mol/dm3 HCl used as a reference. This increase in the solubility correlates to a K value of the Si-tropolone complex at each pH. From the solubility experiments, the conditional formation constants (log K) of the Si-tropolonate complex at each reaction pH 1, 2, and 3 were 6.39, 5.88, and 5.77, respectively. The significant acceleration of the dissolution of amorphous silica by tropolone at pH 1 can be attributed to the large formation constant of the Si-tropolonate complex.
Effects of the FITKids Randomized Controlled Trial on Executive Control and Brain Function
Authors: Hillman Charles H. , Pontifex Matthew B. , Castelli Darla M. , Khan Naiman A. , Raine Lauren B. , Scudder Mark R. , Drollette Eric S. , Moore Robert D. , Wu Chien-Ting , Kamijo Keita 
Published: September 2014

OBJECTIVE:
To assess the effect of a physical activity (PA) intervention on brain and behavioral indices of executive control in preadolescent children.

METHODS:
Two hundred twenty-one children (7–9 years) were randomly assigned to a 9-month afterschool PA program or a wait-list control. In addition to changes in fitness (maximal oxygen consumption), electrical activity in the brain (P3-ERP) and behavioral measures (accuracy, reaction time) of executive control were collected by using tasks that modulated attentional inhibition and cognitive flexibility.

RESULTS:
Fitness improved more among intervention participants from pretest to posttest compared with the wait-list control (1.3 mL/kg per minute, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.3 to 2.4; d = 0.34 for group difference in pre-to-post change score). Intervention participants exhibited greater improvements from pretest to posttest in inhibition (3.2%, 95% CI: 0.0 to 6.5; d = 0.27) and cognitive flexibility (4.8%, 95% CI: 1.1 to 8.4; d = 0.35 for group difference in pre-to-post change score) compared with control. Only the intervention group increased attentional resources from pretest to posttest during tasks requiring increased inhibition (1.4 µV, 95% CI: 0.3 to 2.6; d = 0.34) and cognitive flexibility (1.5 µV, 95% CI: 0.6 to 2.5; d = 0.43). Finally, improvements in brain function on the inhibition task (r = 0.22) and performance on the flexibility task correlated with intervention attendance (r = 0.24).

CONCLUSIONS:
The intervention enhanced cognitive performance and brain function during tasks requiring greater executive control. These findings demonstrate a causal effect of a PA program on executive control, and provide support for PA for improving childhood cognition and brain health.
Safety and Effectiveness of Continuous Aerosolized Albuterol in the Non–Intensive Care Setting
Authors: Kenyon Chén C. , Fieldston Evan S. , Luan Xianqun , Keren Ron , Zorc Joseph J. 
Published: September 2014

OBJECTIVE:To describe the design features, utilization, and outcomes of a protocol treating children with status asthmaticus with continuous albuterol in the inpatient setting.METHODS:We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of children ages 2 to 18 treated in the non–intensive care, inpatient setting on a standardized treatment protocol for status asthmaticus from July 2011 to June 2013. We assessed characteristics associated with continuous albuterol therapy and, for those treated, duration of therapy and the proportion who clinically deteriorated (ICU transfer or progression to enhanced respiratory support) or who were identified as having hypokalemia or an arrhythmia. Using multivariable logistic regression, we determined which factors were associated with clinical deterioration or prolonged (&gt;24 hours) continuous albuterol.RESULTS:Of 3003 children meeting study criteria, 1298 (43%) received continuous albuterol. Older age, black race, lower initial oxygen saturation, and higher initial age-standardized heart rate and respiratory rate were associated with initiation of continuous albuterol therapy (P &lt; .001 for all). Median duration of therapy was 14.4 hours (interquartile range, 7.7, 24.6); 340 children (26%) experienced prolonged therapy. Seventy children (5%) experienced clinical deterioration, and 33 children (3%) had identified hypokalemia or arrhythmia. Comorbid pneumonia and emergency department administration of intravenous magnesium or subcutaneous terbutaline were associated with prolonged therapy and clinical deterioration.CONCLUSIONS:With appropriate support structures and care processes, continuous albuterol can be delivered effectively in the non-ICU, inpatient setting with low rates of adverse outcomes. Certain initial clinical characteristics may help identify patients needing more intensive therapy.