bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of the Novel MRI Contrast Agent Gadopiclenol on Radiotherapy Decision Making in Patients With Brain Metastases
Authors: Sarria Gustavo R. , Fleckenstein Jens , Eckl Miriam , Stieler Florian , Ruder Arne , Bendszus Martin , Schmeel Leonard C. , Koch David , Feisst Andreas , Essig Marco , Wenz Frederik , Giordano Frank A. 
Published: August 2024

Purpose
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of gadopiclenol versus gadobenate dimeglumine contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on decision-making between whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for treatment of brain metastases (BMs).

Methods
Patients with BMs underwent 2 separate MRI examinations in a double-blind crossover phase IIb comparative study between the MRI contrast agents gadopiclenol and gadobenate dimeglumine, both administered at 0.1 mmol/kg. The imaging data of a single site using identical MRI scanners and protocols were included in this post hoc analysis. Patients with 1 or more BMs in any of both MRIs were subjected to target volume delineation for treatment planning. Two radiation oncologists contoured all visible lesions and decided upon SRS or WBRT, according to the number of metastases. For each patient, SRS or WBRT treatment plans were calculated for both MRIs, considering the gross target volume (GTV) as the contrast-enhancing aspects of the tumor. Mean GTVs and volume of healthy brain exposed to 12 Gy (V12), as well as Dice similarity coefficient scores, were obtained. The Spearman rank (ρ) correlation was additionally calculated for assessing linear differences. Three different expert radiation oncologists blindly rated the contrast enhancement for contouring purposes.

Results
Thirteen adult patients were included. Gadopiclenol depicted additional BM as compared with gadobenate dimeglumine in 7 patients (54%). Of a total of 63 identified metastatic lesions in both MRI sets, 3 subgroups could be defined: A, 48 (24 pairs) detected equal GTVs visible in both modalities; B, 13 GTVs only visible in the gadopiclenol set (mean ± SD, 0.16 ± 0.37 cm3); and C, 2 GTVs only visible in the gadobenate dimeglumine set (mean ± SD, 0.01 ± 0.01). Treatment indication was changed for 2 (15%) patients, 1 from no treatment to SRS and for 1 from SRS to WBRT. The mean GTVs and brain V12 were comparable between both agents (P = 0.694, P = 0.974). The mean Dice similarity coefficient was 0.70 ± 0.14 (ρ = 0.82). According to the readers, target volume definition was improved in 63.9% of cases (23 of 36 evaluations) with gadopiclenol and 22.2% with gadobenate dimeglumine (8 of 36), whereas equivalence was obtained in 13.9% (5 of 36).

Conclusions
Gadopiclenol-enhanced MRI improved BM detection and characterization, with a direct impact on radiotherapy treatment decision between WBRT and SRS. Additionally, a more exact target delineation and planning could be performed with gadopiclenol. A prospective evaluation in a larger cohort of patients is required to confirm these findings.
Optimal Spectral Performance on Pediatric Photon-Counting CT
Authors: Zhou Wei , Ataei Afrouz , Huo Donglai , Ren Liqiang , Browne Lorna P. , Zhou Xin , Weinman Jason P. 
Published: August 2024

Purpose
The comprehensive evaluation of kV selection on photon-counting computed tomography (PCCT) has yet to be performed. The aim of the study is to evaluate and determine the optimal kV options for variable pediatric body sizes on the PCCT unit.

Materials and Methods
In this study, 4 phantoms of variable sizes were utilized to represent abdomens of newborn, 5-year-old, 10-year-old, and adult-sized pediatric patients. One solid water and 4 solid iodine inserts with known concentrations (2, 5, 10, and 15 mg I/mL) were inserted into phantoms. Each phantom setting was scanned on a PCCT system (Siemens Alpha) with 4 kV options (70 and 90 kV under Quantum Mode, 120 and 140 kV under QuantumPlus Mode) and clinical dual-source (3.0 pitch) protocol. For each phantom setting, radiation dose (CTDIvol) was determined by clinical dose settings and matched for all kV acquisitions. Sixty percent clinical dose images were also acquired. Reconstruction was matched across all acquisitions using Qr40 kernel and QIR level 3. Virtual monoenergetic images (VMIs) between 40 and 80 keV with 10 keV interval were generated on the scanner. Low-energy and high-energy images were reconstructed from each scan and subsequently used to generate an iodine map (IM) using an image-based 2-material decomposition method. Image noise of VMIs from each kV acquisition was calculated and compared between kV options. Absolute percent error (APE) of iodine CT number accuracy in VMIs was calculated and compared. Root mean square error (RMSE) and bias of iodine quantification from IMs were compared across kV options.

Results
At the newborn size and 50 keV VMI, noise is lower at low kV acquisitions (70 kV: 10.5 HU, 90 kV: 10.4 HU), compared with high kV acquisitions (120 kV: 13.8 HU, 140 kV: 13.9 HU). At the newborn size and 70 keV VMI, the image noise from different kV options is comparable (9.4 HU for 70 kV, 8.9 HU for 90 kV, 9.7 HU for 120 kV, 10.2 HU for 140 kV). For APE of VMI, high kV (120 or 140 kV) performed overall better than low kV (70 or 90 kV). At the 5-year-old size, APE of 90 kV (median: 3.6%) is significantly higher (P < 0.001, Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test with Bonferroni correction) than 140 kV (median: 1.6%). At adult size, APE of 70 kV (median: 18.0%) is significantly higher (P < 0.0001, Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test with Bonferroni correction) than 120 kV (median: 1.4%) or 140 kV (median: 0.8%). The high kV also demonstrated lower RMSE and bias than the low kV across all controlled conditions. At 10-year-old size, RMSE and bias of 120 kV are 1.4 and 0.2 mg I/mL, whereas those from 70 kV are 1.9 and 0.8 mg I/mL.

Conclusions
The high kV options (120 or 140 kV) on the PCCT unit demonstrated overall better performance than the low kV options (70 or 90 kV), in terms of image quality of VMIs and IMs. Our results recommend the use of high kV for general body imaging on the PCCT.
Complications of Fat Grafting and Repositioning for Correction of Lower Eyelid Pouch With Tear Trough Deformity or Lid-Cheek Junction
Authors: Xu Zenghui , Zheng Fan , Zhao Xian , Wang Songmei , Wang Ruiheng , He Jia , Gan Fengshan 
Published: August 2024

Background
Fat grafting and repositioning may serve as a convenient, economical, and effective surgical method for correcting lower eyelid pouch with a tear trough deformity or lid-cheek junction. However, comprehensive systematic reviews and meta-analyses investigating the complications associated with this technique are lacking.

Objective
This study aimed to summarize and gather data on complications related to fat grafting and repositioning for the correction of tear trough deformity or lid-cheek junction in lower eyelid blepharoplasty.

Methods
A thorough search was performed across multiple databases including PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, ProQuest, Ovid, Scopus, and Web of Science. Specific inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to screen the articles. The occurrence of complications was analyzed using a random-effects model.

Results
A total of 33 studies involving 4671 patients met the criteria for systematic evaluation and were included in this meta-analysis. The overall complication rates were 0.112 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.060–0.177) for total complications, 0.062 (95% CI: 0.003–0.172) for unsatisfactory correction or contour irregularity, 0.062 (95% CI: 0.009–0.151) for hematoma, swelling (not specified as bulbar conjunctiva), ecchymosis, or oozing of blood, and 0.024 (95% CI: 0.013–0.038) for reoperation.

Conclusions
Fat grafting and repositioning for correcting a lower eyelid pouch with tear trough deformity or lid-cheek junction was associated with high rates of complications. Therefore, it is crucial to closely monitor the rates of unsatisfactory correction or contour irregularity, hematoma, swelling (not specified as bulbar conjunctiva), ecchymosis, or oozing of blood, and reoperation. In addition, effective communication with patients should be prioritized.
Review of Gender Affirming Mastectomy Surgery
Authors: Cordero Justin J. , Alaniz Leonardo , Kalavacherla Sandhya , Kadakia Nikita , Machol Jacques A. , Carré Antoine L. , Klausmeyer Melissa A. , Chu Michael W. 
Published: August 2024

Background
Gender-affirming mastectomy can improve mental health and gender expression. However, there is no consensus on routine drain usage in gender-affirming surgeries. The purpose of this study is to compare gender-affirming mastectomies with and without drains and review complications.

Methods
An institutional review board–approved, retrospective review was performed to identify patients between 2017–2021 who had double-incision mastectomy, with or without nipple graft, and separated into drain and no-drain cohorts. Patient demographics, outcomes, and postoperative complications were analyzed, including unplanned return to the operating room, seromas, hematomas, postoperative infection, and postoperative antibiotic use. Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed.

Results
There were 359 patients that had a gender-affirming mastectomy surgery between 2017 and 2021. The mean age was 26.1 years old, and mean body mass index was 27.4. There were 144 patients (40.1%) who had a drain, and 215 patients (59.9%) without a drain. For postoperative complications of all patients, there were 12 (3.3%) unplanned returns to the operating room, 18 seromas (5.0%), 26 hematomas (7.2%), 50 (13.9%) postoperative antibiotic use, and 4 postoperative infections (1.1%). There were no significant differences found between drain use for all postoperative complications, but no-drain use was significantly associated with less prescribed postoperative antibiotics compared to drain use (3.7% and 29.0%, respectively; P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Gender-affirming mastectomy surgeries are safe and effective treatment options. No-drain placement was not associated with increased postoperative complications. Surgeons may consider not prescribing routine postoperative antibiotics if using drains, and avoiding drains for gender-affirming mastectomies may be considered in selected individuals based on clinical judgment.
The Lateral Antebrachial Neurocutaneous Flap: Case Series
Authors: Zeina Ahmed Mahmoud , Zahra Tarek , Mahgoub Mohamed Ali , el Halim Mostafa Abd 
Published: August 2024

Background
The neurocutaneous flap was developed based on the understanding that every superficial cutaneous nerve includes vessels, also known as vasa nervorum or paraneural vessels, which run around and inside the nerves and deliver blood to the skin above. A cutaneous perforator connected to paraneural vessels that vascularize the skin and nerves is referred to as a neurocutaneous perforator. The lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve (LACN), the most dependable blood supply from the primary underlying veins of the neurocutaneous flap, is the subject of this study.

Methods
We reviewed the results of 30 flap coverage procedures in 10 children. The applied flap was based distally along the radial aspect of the hand and wrist. The pivot point of the flap was located dorsally. This study considered patients with posttraumatic tissue loss, vital structure exposure, or hand contractures with an LACN flap. There was a case-by-case assessment.

Results
Thirteen male patients were included; their ages ranged from 6 to 65 years. Demographic data, preoperative cause of trauma, and postoperative complications were collected. Statistically significant improvements were observed after flap healing.

Conclusions
The LACN flap is a more versatile flap with less morbidity than other alternative flaps for coverage of soft tissue defect restoration around the hand, wrist, and distal forearm.
Entering a Post–COVID-19 Landscape
Authors: Di Chiaro Bianca , Kujalowicz Christopher , Siemers Parinaz J. , Yang Maelee , Hodkiewicz Victoria , Cho Subin , King Timothy W. 
Published: August 2024

Introduction
The Plastic Surgery Integrated track remains one of the most competitive fields in the National Residency Match Program. Match trends during the COVID-19 pandemic featured a distinct rise in regional and home program matches among plastic surgery applicants. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether these trends have continued into the most recent residency match cycle in 2024.

Methods
Residency match data from 2019 to 2024 was gathered through the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, Electronic Residency Application Service, integrated plastic surgery program websites, and plastic surgery residency program social media accounts. Current trends were compared with match cycles before and during the pandemic.

Results
After COVID, the number of students matching at their home institution decreased to rates consistent with prepandemic norms. In the 2024 cycle, 46.9% of applicants matched at integrated plastic surgery programs within the geographical region of their medical school, which is similar to pre-COVID rates. Further, the emergence of a female-predominant plastic surgery match cohort during the pandemic has continued. In 2024, 125 (58.7%) of 213 matched applicants into integrated plastic surgery programs were female, which represents a continuation of female-majority resident cohorts since 2021. Our data showed that a sizable component of matched applicants completed visiting student electives at their matched institution. Finally, a large number of matched applicants completed a research fellowship, and a historically stable number completed research fellowships at their matched institution.

Conclusion
Our group reports stabilization in plastic surgery match trends in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, along with the continuation of growth in the number of female plastic surgery residents. Although home institution retention rates returned to the baseline proportionality exhibited prior to COVID-19, medical school geographical region may continue to play an important role in the integrated plastic surgery residency match.
PROGRESS OF RESUSCITATIVE ENDOVASCULAR BALLOON OCCLUSION OF THE AORTA IN PREHOSPITAL EMERGENCY TREATMENT FOR PELVIC FRACTURE
Authors: Gao Xing , Sun Huiqun , He Jialin , Kong Jingbo , Fan Haojun , Lv Qi , Hou Shike 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPelvic fractures are severe traumatic injuries often accompanied by potentially fatal massive bleeding. Rapid control of hemorrhages in prehospital emergency settings is critical for improving outcomes in traumatic bleeding. Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) is a promising technique for controlling active bleeding from pelvic fractures. By inserting a balloon catheter into the aorta, REBOA helps maintain blood flow to vital organs such as the brain and heart. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the initial management of noncompressive trunk hemorrhage caused by pelvic fractures, introduces the technical principles and developments of REBOA, and explores its extensive application in prehospital emergency care. It delves into the operational details and outlines strategies for effectively managing potential complications. We aim to offer a theoretical framework for the future utilization of REBOA in managing uncontrollable hemorrhage associated with pelvic fractures in prehospital emergencies.
How bipedalism shapes humans’ actions with hand tools
Authors: Fragaszy Dorothy M. , Kelty-Stephen Damian G. , Mangalam Madhur 
Published: August 2024

The task for an embodied cognitive understanding of humans’ actions with tools is to elucidate how the human body, as a whole, supports the perception of affordances and dexterous action with objects in relation to other objects. Here, we focus on the relationship between humans’ actions with handheld tools and bipedal posture. Posture plays a pivotal role in shaping animals’ perception and action dynamics. While humans stand and locomote bipedally, other primates predominantly employ quadrupedal postures and locomotion, relying on both hands and feet to support the body. Drawing upon evidence from evolutionary biology, developmental psychology and performance studies, we elucidate the influence of bipedalism on our actions with objects and on our proficiency in using tools. We use the metaphor of cascades to capture the dynamic, nonlinear transformations in morphology and behaviour associated with posture and the use of tools across evolutionary and developmental timescales. Recent work illustrates the promise of multifractal cascade analysis to reveal nonlinear, cross-scale interactions across the entire body in real-time, supporting the perception of affordances for actions with tools. Cascade analysis enriches our comprehension of real-time performance and facilitates exploration of the relationships among whole-body coordination, individual development, and evolutionary processes.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Minds in movement: embodied cognition in the age of artificial intelligence’.
The heat sensitivity of sperm in the lizardAnolis sagrei
Authors: Wang Wayne Wen-Yeu , Page Natalie R. , Strickler Anthony M. , Kusaka Alicia K. , Gunderson Alex R. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe heat sensitivity of reproduction is a critical determinant of population persistence under climate change. However, the heat sensitivity of gametes is poorly known relative to adults. We developed a method to measure the heat tolerance of lizard sperm cells, and used the method to test several aspects of sperm cell thermal biology in the brown anole lizard (Anolis sagrei). We estimated the repeatability of sperm traits by measuring heat tolerance and baseline motility of ejaculated sperm from the same individuals multiple times over 21 days. To investigate co-adaptation of sperm and adult thermal traits, we tested for a correlation between sperm heat tolerance and the heat tolerance of adults that produced them. Furthermore, we tested for effects of episodic heat stress experienced by males on sperm performance. Sperm heat tolerance and motility were both repeatable, consistent with evolutionary potential, though there was clear evidence for environmental effects on these traits as well. Contrary to the expectation of thermal co-adaptation, we found no correlation between sperm and adult heat tolerance. A single, episodic extreme heat event experienced by adult males immediately impaired sperm motility, consistent with detrimental effects of adult heat stress on stored sperm. Our study adds to the mounting evidence that sperm are heat-sensitive and represent a vulnerability to global warming, but also suggest evolutionary potential for thermal adaptation at the gamete level.Summary statementThis study investigates gamete heat sensitivity in lizards, revealing heat tolerance and repeatability in sperm thermal traits. These findings are essential for understanding reproductive responses to climate change.
Seeing the Future: Anticipatory Eye Gaze as a Marker of Memory
Authors: Yamin D. , Schmidig J.F. , Sharon O. , Nadu Y. , Nir J. , Ranganath C. , Nir Y 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHuman memory is typically studied by direct questioning, and the recollection of events is investigated through verbal reports. Thus, current research confounds memory per-se with its report. Critically, the ability to investigate memory retrieval in populations with deficient verbal ability is limited. Here, using the MEGA (Memory Episode Gaze Anticipation) paradigm, we show that monitoring anticipatory gaze using eye tracking can quantify memory retrieval without verbal report. Upon repeated viewing of movie clips, eye gaze patterns anticipating salient events can quantify their memory traces seconds before these events appear on the screen. A series of experiments with a total of 126 participants using either tailor-made animations or naturalistic movies consistently reveal that accumulated gaze proximity to the event can index memory. Machine learning-based classification can identify whether a given viewing is associated with memory for the event based on single-trial data of gaze features. Detailed comparison to verbal reports establishes that anticipatory gaze marks recollection of associative memory about the event, whereas pupil dilation captures familiarity. Finally, anticipatory gaze reveals beneficial effects of sleep on memory retrieval without verbal report, illustrating its broad applicability across cognitive research and clinical domains.
Low-level features predict perceived similarity for naturalistic images
Authors: A-Izzeddin Emily J , Wallis Thomas SA , Mattingley Jason B , Harrison William J 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe mechanisms by which humans perceptually organise individual regions of a visual scene to generate a coherent scene representation remain largely unknown. Our perception of statistical regularities has been relatively well-studied in simple stimuli, and explicit computational mechanisms that use low-level image features (e.g., luminance, contrast energy) to explain these perceptions have been described. Here, we investigate to what extent observers can effectively use such low-level information present in isolated naturalistic scene regions to facilitate associations between said regions. Across two experiments, participants were shown an isolated standard patch, then required to select which of two subsequently presented patches came from the same scene as the standard (2AFC). In Experiment 1, participants were consistently above chance when performing such association judgements. Additionally, participants’ responses were well-predicted by a generalised linear multilevel model (GLMM) employing predictors based on low-level feature similarity metrics (specifically, pixel-wise luminance and phase-invariant structure correlations). In Experiment 2, participants were presented with thresholded image regions, or regions reduced to only their edge content. Their performance was significantly poorer when they viewed unaltered image regions. Nonetheless, the model still correlated well with participants’ judgments. Our findings suggest that image region associations can be reduced to low-level feature correlations, providing evidence for the contribution of such basic features to judgements made on complex visual stimuli.
Main compounds in sweat, such as squalene and fatty acids, should be promising pheromone components for humans
Authors: Zhang Yao-Hua , Du Yu-Feng , Zhang Jian-Xu 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTPheromones are chemicals released outside the body by organisms to transmit information between individuals of the same species, thereby regulating behavior and physiology. Many biological and psychological studies have shown that human sweat does indeed contain chemical information related to gender, sex, emotion, etc., but there is no convincing answer to its chemical components. We conducted a GC-MS analysis of the chemical composition of adult and child sweat of Han Chinese, and found that the main components were squalene and fatty acids, and there were sex differences in adults, but not in children. Based on our long-term research on the coding rules of pheromones in a variety of animals, especially rodents, as well as men having more sweat glands and sebaceous glands, we speculate that squalene and many common fatty acids are likely to encode olfactory information such as sex and emotion in one component or a mix of components or in a dose-dependent manner. We also discussed that the main olfactory system and olfactory learning in social interactions should play an important role in human pheromone perception.