bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Triceps Tendon Reconstruction Using Ipsilateral Palmaris Longus Autograft in Unrecognized Chronic Tears
Authors: Scolaro John A. , Blake Matthew H. , Huffman G. Russell 
Published: December 2012

Injury to the distal triceps tendon is uncommon and can be difficult to diagnose, especially when a partial rupture or tear occurs. In situations where an incomplete disruption to the musculotendinous unit occurs, a palpable defect or clear functional loss may not be present. Advanced imaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging or ultrasound, can be used to confirm the diagnosis and define the extent of injury. The treatment of a complete rupture of the distal triceps tendon is repair or reconstruction, whereas the management of a patient with a partial triceps rupture is related to the pain, functional deficit, and expectations of the patient.
This article presents 2 patients with chronic, near complete disruptions of the distal triceps tendon. In both patients, surgical reconstruction of the injured tendon was accomplished using ipsilateral palmaris longus autograft. This technique allows the treating surgeon to harvest the graft from the ipsilateral upper extremity. The palmaris autograft is then used to reconstruct the injured portion of the triceps tendon using a Pulvertaft weave technique through the intact triceps tendon and osseous tunnels within the proximal ulna. This technique allows for easy surgical setup and harvest of autograft tendon and provides a structurally sound technique for a tension-free reconstruction of the injured tendon. It also permits early postoperative elbow range of motion, with active elbow extension allowed at 6 weeks. The authors have used this technique successfully in the treatment of chronic partial tears of the distal triceps tendon.
Additional Merits of Two-dimensional Single Thick-slice Magnetic Resonance Myelography in Spinal Imaging
Authors: Aggarwal Abhishek , Azad Rajiv , Ahmad Armeen , Arora Pankaj , Gupta Puneet 
Published: December 2012

Objective:
To validate the additional merits of two-dimensional (2D) single thick-slice Magnetic Resonance Myelography (MRM) in spinal imaging.

Materials and Methods:
2D single thick-slice MRM was performed using T2 half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin-echo (HASTE) sequence in addition to routine Magnetic resonance (MR) sequences for spine in 220 patients. The images were evaluated for additional diagnostic information in spinal and extra-spinal regions. A three-point grading system was adopted depending upon the utility of MRM in contributing to the detection of spinal or extra-spinal findings. Grade 1 represented no contribution of MRM while grade 3 would indicate that it was essential to detection of findings.

Results:
Utility of MRM in spine was categorized as grade 3 in 10.9% cases (24/220), grade 2 in 21.8% (48/220) cases and grade 1 in 67.3% cases (148/220). Thus, the overall additional merit of MRM in spine was seen in 32.7% (72/220) of cases. Besides in 14.1% cases (31/220) extra-spinal pathologies were identified.

Conclusion:
2D single thick-slice MRM could have additional merits in spinal imaging when used as an adjunct to routine MR sequences.
Effect of Magnesium Sulfate on Doppler Parameters of Fetal Umbilical and Middle Cerebral Arteries in Women with Severe Preeclampsia
Authors: Farshchian Nazanin , Rezavand Negin , Mohammadi Saeed 
Published: December 2012

Objective:
To assess the effect of injecting magnesium sulfate on Doppler parameters of fetal umbilical and middle cerebral arteries (MCA) in women with severe preeclampsia.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 21 patients with severe preeclampsia admitted to Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah (Iran), were evaluated. Before and after administration of magnesium sulfate, Doppler ultrasound scan was carried out to measure fetal middle cerebral artery and umbilical artery blood flow. Paired t-test was used for statistical analysis.

Results:
After injection of magnesium sulfate, the mean resistivity index (RI)-umbilical, and pulsatility index (PI)-cerebral showed a statistically significant reduction (P < 0.001). The cerebroumbilical C/U ratio increased after the intervention (P < 0.001). The PI-umbilical (P = 0.1) and pre- and post-RI-cerebral (P = 0.96) did not have statistically significant changes.

Conclusions:
Infusion of magnesium sulfate significantly decreases the flow in the fetus RI-umbilical and PI-MCA, and it increases C/U ratio indices in color Doppler ultrasound.
External Memory Aid Training after Traumatic Brain Injury: ‘Making it Real’
Authors: Armstrong Jonathan , McPherson Kathryn , Nayar Shoba 
Published: December 2012

Introduction: A number of options exist for the rehabilitation of memory after traumatic brain injury, and research suggests that the use of external memory aids is one of the best approaches. Unfortunately, there is very little evidence to guide therapists in training clients to use external memory aids and to ensure the sustainable use of the aids long term. Method: Grounded theory methodology was used to explore the question of how occupational therapists train clients to use external memory aids after a traumatic brain injury. Semi-structured interviews, with eight occupational therapists working in neurological rehabilitation, were conducted until data collection reached a saturation point. The data were analysed following the constant comparative method proposed by Strauss and Corbin. Findings: Analysis revealed four overlapping processes: developing client insight, getting client buy-in, getting others on board and making it real. Making it real emerged as the core process that encompassed and ran through the other three. It emphasised the need for occupational therapists to use meaningful, functional activities in order to establish an aid that fitted the client's real life. Conclusion: The processes uncovered by this study give occupational therapists working in the field of brain injury rehabilitation guidance for clinical practice.
Light Retrograde Massage for the Treatment of Post-Stroke Upper Limb Oedema: Clinical Consensus Using the Delphi Technique
Authors: Jackson Thérèse , van Teijlingen Edwin , Bruce Julie 
Published: December 2012

Background: Oedema of the hemiplegic upper limb is a common complication following stroke and can restrict mobility and function. Limited evidence is available regarding the assessment and treatment of post-stroke upper limb oedema by occupational therapists. Objective: To determine consensus amongst occupational therapists with regard to the use of light retrograde massage for the treatment of post-stroke upper limb oedema. Method: A Delphi technique was used to gather opinion from a national sample of stroke occupational therapists. Two rounds of questionnaires were undertaken. Data were analysed from the 31 respondents to round two, using the chi-square goodness of fit to determine consensus in relation to statements about the use of light retrograde massage. Results: Of the 85 therapists who volunteered for the study, 58 returned round one questionnaires and 56 were eligible to participate. Most of the therapists who responded to round one (41/56, 73%) used light retrograde massage to reduce post-stroke upper limb oedema. Agreement regarding the definition and application of light retrograde massage was identified in round two. Conclusion: Despite a lack of evidence for the efficacy of light retrograde massage in stroke patients, this study found that it is often used in clinical practice and that consensus exists about many components of the treatment method. Further research is recommended to investigate the efficacy of light retrograde massage for reducing post-stroke upper limb oedema.
The Usefulness of the Person-Environment-Occupation Model in an Acute Physical Health Care Setting
Authors: Maclean Fiona , Carin-Levy Gail , Hunter Heather , Malcolmson Lorna , Locke Elizabeth 
Published: December 2012

Background: Limited evidence is available to illustrate the use of theory to underpin occupational therapy practice in acute physical health care settings in the United Kingdom. Method: A generic qualitative method investigated the views, knowledge and perceptions of seven Scottish occupational therapists about the potential usefulness of the Person-Environment-Occupation Model (PEO Model) in acute care. This convenience sample participated in two focus groups: the first to examine and understand the PEO Model and the second to explore further reflections of the strengths and limitations of its use in practice. Findings: The PEO Model has the potential to provide a meaningful framework in which to conceptualise patients in an acute physical health care setting. Conclusion: The PEO Model offers flexibility regarding the extent to which occupational performance is addressed, in a setting characterised by short hospital admission stays. Also, a range of occupation-focused models was valued to practise effectively in this setting.
Uses of tree saps in northern and eastern parts of Europe
Authors: Svanberg Ingvar , Sõukand Renata , Łuczaj Łukasz , Kalle Raivo , Zyryanova Olga , Dénes Andrea , Papp Nóra , Nedelcheva Aneli , Šeškauskaitė Daiva , Kołodziejska-Degórska Iwona , Kolosova Valeria 
Published: December 2012

<p>In this article we review the use of tree saps in northern and eastern Europe. Published accounts by travellers, ethnologists and ethnobotanists were searched for historical and contemporary details. Field observations made by the authors have also been used. The presented data shows that the use of tree sap has occurred in most north and eastern European countries. It can be assumed that tree saps were most used where there were extensive stands of birch or maple trees, as these two genera generally produce the largest amount of sap. The taxa most commonly used have been <em>Betula pendula</em>, <em>B. pubescens</em>, and <em>Acer platanoides</em>, but scattered data on the use of several other taxa are presented.</p> <p>Tree sap was used as a fresh drink, but also as an ingredient in food and beverages. It was also fermented to make light alcoholic products like ale and wine. Other folk uses of tree saps vary from supplementary nutrition in the form of sugar, minerals and vitamins, to cosmetic applications for skin and hair and folk medicinal use.</p> <p>Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania are the only countries where the gathering and use of sap (mainly birch sap) has remained an important activity until recently, due to the existence of large birch forests, low population density and the incorporation of sap into the former Soviet economic system.</p> <p>It is evident that gathering sap from birch and other trees was more widespread in earlier times. There are records indicating extensive use of tree saps from Scandinavia, Poland, Slovakia and Romania, but it is primarily of a historical character. The extraction of tree sap in these countries is nowadays viewed as a curiosity carried out only by a few individuals. However, tree saps have been regaining popularity in urban settings through niche trading.</p>
Wild plants used for food by Hungarian ethnic groups living in the Carpathian Basin
Authors: Dénes Andrea , Papp Nóra , Babai Dániel , Czúcz Bálint , Molnár Zsolt 
Published: December 2012

A list of plant species used for food in Hungary and among Hungarian ethnic groups of the Carpathian Basin during the 19th and 20th centuries was compiled from 71 ethnographic and ethnobotanical sources and a survey among contemporary Hungarian botanists. Species used as food, spice, beverage or occasional snacks were collected. Sources mention 236 plant species belonging to 68 families. Most wild fleshy fruits (mostly <em>Rosa</em>, <em>Ru</em><em>bus</em>, <em>Cornus</em>, <em>Ri</em><em>bes</em>, <em>Vaccinium </em>spp.), dry fruits and seeds (<em>Fagus</em>, <em>Quercus</em>, <em>Corylus</em>, <em>Castanea</em>, <em>Trapa </em>spp.), several green vegetables (e.g. <em>Rumex</em>, <em>Urtica</em>, <em>Humulus</em>, <em>Chenopodiaceae </em>spp., <em>Ranunculus ficaria</em>), bulbs and tubers (<em>Lathyrus tuberosus</em>, <em>Helianthus tuberosus</em>, <em>Chaerophyllum bulbosum</em>, <em>Allium </em>spp.) used for food in Europe, are also known to be consumed in Hungary. A characteristic feature of Hungarian plant use was the mass consumption of the underground parts of several marsh (e.g. <em>Typha</em>, <em>Phragmites</em>, <em>Sagittaria</em>, <em>Alisma</em>, <em>Butomus</em>, <em>Bolboschoenus </em>spp., as well as the endemic <em>Armoracia macrocarpa</em>) and steppe species (e.g. <em>Crambe tataria</em>, <em>Rumex pseudonatronatus</em>). Consuming wild food plants is still important among Hungarians living in Transylvania: even nowadays more than 40 species are gathered and used at some locations.
Weeds as important vegetables for farmers
Authors: Cruz-Garcia Gisella S. , Price Lisa L. 
Published: December 2012

The objective of this study was to investigate the multiple uses and cognitive importance of edible weeds in Northeast Thailand. Research methods included focus group discussions and freelistings. A total of 43 weeds consumed as vegetable were reported, including economic, naturalized, agricultural and environmental weeds. The weedy vegetables varied considerably on edible parts, presenting both reproductive (flowers, fruits and seeds) and vegetative organs (shoots, leaves, flower stalks, stems or the whole aerial part). The results of this study show that weedy vegetables are an important resource for rice farmers in this region, not only as a food but also because of the multiple additional uses they have, especially as medicine. The fact that the highest Cognitive Salience Index (<em>CSI</em>) scores of all wild vegetables freelisted corresponded to weeds, reinforces the assertion that weeds are culturally cognitively important for local farmers as a vegetable source. This is a key finding, given that these species are targets of common pesticides used in this region.
No greens in the forest? Note on the limited consumption of greens in the Amazon
Authors: Katz Esther , Lopez Claudia L. , Fleury Marie , Miller Robert , Payê Valeria , Dias Teresinha , Silva Franklin , Oliveira Zelandes , Moreira Elaine 
Published: December 2012

The consumption of greens is reported as being very minor among Amazonian Indians. The authors of this article present a new review of this subject, based on fieldwork with Amerindians and other populations in different parts of the Brazilian Amazon and French Guiana. Written sources on Brazilian, Peruvian, Columbian and Venezuelan Amazon were also reviewed. The consumption of cultivated, semi-cultivated and wild species of greens was taken into account here, as the data specific to wild greens is very scarce. It is confirmed that greens are not commonly eaten among native Amazonians and that some ethnic groups do not consume them at all. The consumed species are usually young shoots of weeds or cassava leaves. Common in the Belém region are some specific aromatic plants, which have been diffused to other parts of the Amazon, together with introduced plants such as kale and coriander. Migrants from Northeastern Brazil settled in the Amazon consume some cultivated greens, especially aromatic plants. Maroons are the ones who use more greens in their diet. Native Amazonian people, who supplement agriculture with game and fish, follow a hunter-gatherer pattern, preferring wild fruit and tubers to greens.
The Development of a Novel Molecular Assay Examining the Role of Aminopeptidase P Polymorphisms in Acute Hypotensive Transfusion Reactions
Authors: Hui Yiang , Wu YanYun , Tormey Christopher A. 
Published: December 2012

Context.—Acute hypotensive transfusion reactions are potentially harmful adverse effects of transfusion attributable to bradykinin generation. They are most often seen in patients taking angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (ACE-Is) because of the role ACE plays in metabolizing bradykinin. However, a number of acute hypotensive transfusion reactions occur in patients not taking ACE-Is. Aminopeptidase P (APP), another important enzyme responsible for bradykinin degradation, is encoded by the polymorphic XPNPEP2 gene. Some polymorphisms in XPNPEP2 have been associated with decreased APP activity. However, the role that APP polymorphisms play in acute hypotensive transfusion reactions has never been investigated.Objective.—To develop a molecular assay to examine for the C-2399A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the APP gene, XPNPEP2, in patients experiencing acute hypotensive transfusion reactions unassociated with ACE-Is.Design.—We developed an assay using polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing with primers targeted at XPNPEP2 (5′-GAGTATTATGTGGGGACCATCC-3′ and 5′-ATGCCTCGCAGAGACAAGAG-3′). Polymorphism zygosity was determined by comparing the sense/antisense sequencing results. This assay was then applied to patients with acute hypotensive transfusion reactions not taking ACE-Is (n  =  4).Results.—A C-2399A SNP assay was successfully developed and applied to patients with acute hypotensive transfusion reactions. In a pilot study, 2 patients (50%) were found to possess C-2399A polymorphisms. One was found to be homozygous, and the other was heterozygous.Conclusions.—Our C-2399A SNP assay can be used to study acute hypotensive transfusion reactions in patients not taking ACE-Is. Initial data indicate that the C-2399A polymorphism may be a contributing factor in such reactions. However, further studies are necessary to better define the role of APP polymorphisms in relation to acute hypotensive transfusion reactions unassociated with ACE-Is.
Metastatic Melanoma Presenting as an Isolated Breast Tumor: A Study of 20 Cases With Emphasis on Several Primary Mimickers
Authors: Bacchi Carlos E. , Wludarski Sheila C. , Ambaye Abiy B. , Lamovec Janez , Salviato Tiziana , Falconieri Giovanni 
Published: December 2012

Context.—The mammary gland can be a site of metastasis in patients with malignant melanoma, which is easily recognized microscopically if clinical information is available. Nonetheless, metastatic melanoma presenting as an isolated mammary tumor can be more challenging to diagnose because it can simulate a primary breast carcinoma clinically and morphologically.Objective.—To review metastatic melanoma to the breast, presenting as primary breast carcinomas clinically and morphologically.Design.—The authors report 20 cases of metastatic melanoma clinically presenting as breast tumors. Cases with widespread metastatic presentation were excluded.Results.—Epithelioid and spindle cell tumors predominated, suggesting mammary ductal, papillary, or sarcomatoid carcinoma. Most cases (16 of 20) were submitted for consultation or second opinion owing to their unusual presentation in the breast, or to perform predictive/prognostic immunohistochemical assays. Seven cases had a remarkable phenotypic spectrum expanding the differential diagnosis to large cell lymphoma, leiomyosarcoma, medullary carcinoma, malignant schwannoma, and liposarcoma. Tumor cells were negative for cytokeratin stains and positive for S100 protein, HMB-45, and Melan-A. Negative staining was also observed for epithelial membrane antigen, CD45, desmin, estrogen and progesterone receptors, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2.Conclusions.—Metastatic melanoma may simulate a broad spectrum of primary breast malignancies. Although the application of a simple panel of antibodies assists in rendering the correct interpretation, lesions presenting as isolated breast tumors may introduce a significant diagnostic difficulty, especially when there is inadequate patient history and/or limited biopsy material. Further challenges are introduced by the extraordinary phenotypic plasticity of metastatic melanoma. Awareness of this pattern variance is essential to avoid inappropriate treatment, especially in cases simulating a “triple negative,” poorly differentiated carcinoma of the breast.
Evaluating the Connections Between Primary Care Practice and Clinical Laboratory Testing: A Review of the Literature and Call for Laboratory Involvement in the Solutions
Authors: Smith Maxwell L. , Raab Stephen S. , Fernald Douglas H. , James Katherine A. , Lebin Jacob A. , Grzybicki Dana M. , Zelie Claire , West David R. 
Published: December 2012

Context.—Growing evidence has demonstrated a high frequency of quality gaps in laboratory medicine, with recent studies estimating that 15% to 54% of primary care medical errors reported by primary care physicians and staff are related to the testing process. However, there is lack of evidence-based performance metrics in the preanalytic and postanalytic phases of the testing pathway for primary care practices.Objective.—To use results of the literature review to assist in the development of quality indicators that could improve preanalytic and postanalytic processes in primary care–based laboratory medicine.Data Sources.—Literature in Ovid/MEDLINE from 2001 through 2011 was searched as a primary source of information. Ninety-five peer-reviewed and non–peer-reviewed publications were retrieved following title and abstract review and 10 articles were reviewed in their entirety by the authors. A systematic review of the literature was conducted regarding the connections between clinical laboratories and primary care offices and the resulting errors. Root causes of errors were categorized into 7 major themes: process failures, delays, communication gaps, errors in judgment and cognition, influence of minorities/language, practice culture, and lack of patient centeredness. Selected articles were evaluated for evidence quality using the Systematic Evidence Review and Evaluation Methods for Quality Improvement grading scale developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Conclusions.—The focused literature review documented 7 key error themes in the laboratory medicine/primary care testing process. Performance metrics related to these themes are proposed that deserve future study for evidence-based improvement.
Diagnostic Utility of Microsatellite Genotyping for Molar Pregnancy Testing
Authors: Furtado Larissa V. , Paxton Christian N. , Jama Mohamed A. , Tripp Sheryl R. , Wilson Andrew R. , Lyon Elaine , Jarboe Elke A. , Thaker Harshwardhan M. , Geiersbach Katherine B. 
Published: December 2012

Context.—Molecular genotyping by analysis of DNA microsatellites, also known as short tandem repeats (STRs), is an established method for diagnosing and classifying hydatidiform mole. Distinction of both complete hydatidiform mole and partial hydatidiform mole from nonmolar specimens is relevant for clinical management owing to differences in risk for persistent gestational trophoblastic disease.Objective.—To determine the technical performance of microsatellite genotyping by using a commercially available multiplex assay, and to describe the application of additional methods to confirm other genetic abnormalities detected by the genotyping assay.Design.—Microsatellite genotyping data on 102 cases referred for molar pregnancy testing are presented. A separate panel of mini STR markers, flow cytometry, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and p57 immunohistochemistry were used to characterize cases with other incidental genetic abnormalities.Results.—Forty-eight cases were classified as hydatidiform mole (31, complete hydatidiform mole; 17, partial hydatidiform mole). Genotyping also revealed 11 cases of suspected trisomy and 1 case of androgenetic/biparental mosaicism. Trisomy for selected chromosomes (13, 16, 18, and 21) was confirmed in all cases by using a panel of mini STR markers.Conclusions.—This series illustrates the utility of microsatellite genotyping as a stand-alone method for accurate classification of hydatidiform mole. Other genetic abnormalities may be detected by genotyping; confirmation of the suspected abnormality requires additional testing.