bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dieckol, a major phlorotannin in Ecklonia cava, suppresses lipid accumulation in the adipocytes of high‐fat diet‐fed zebrafish and mice: Inhibition of early adipogenesis via cell‐cycle arrest and AMPKα activation
Authors: Choi Hyeon‐Son , Jeon Hui‐Jeon , Lee Ok‐Hwan , Lee Boo‐Yong 
Published: May 2015

ScopeDieckol is a major polyphenol of Ecklonia cava. This study demonstrates a mechanistic role for dieckol in the suppression of lipid accumulation using three models.Methods and resultsMice were split into four experimental groups (n = 10 per group): normal diet, high‐fat diet (HFD), and dieckol‐supplemented diets. Dieckol‐supplemented mice groups showed a significant decrease of body weight gain (38%) as well as fats of organs including epididymal (45%) compared with a HFD‐fed group. LDL cholesterol level was reduced by 55% in dieckol‐supplemented group. Adipogenic factors and lipid synthetic enzymes were analyzed via real‐time PCR or immunoblotting. Dieckol regulated mRNA expressions of early adipogenic genes in 3T3‐L1 cells. These results were reflected in downregulation of late adipogenic factors, resulting in a decrease in triacylglycerol content. These data were also verified in zebrafish and mouse models. Dieckol activated AMP‐activated protein kinase α (AMPKα) signaling to inhibit lipid synthesis in 3T3‐L1 and mouse model. Dieckol was also shown to inhibit mitotic clonal expansion via cell‐cycle arrest.ConclusionOur data demonstrate that dieckol inhibits lipid accumulation via activation of AMPKα signaling and cell‐cycle arrest.
Childhood emotional abuse and borderline personality features: The role of anxiety sensitivity among adolescents
Authors: Bounoua Nadia , Felton Julia F. , Long Katie , Stadnik Ryan D. , Loya Jennifer M. , MacPherson Laura , Lejuez Carl W. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBorderline personality disorder (BPD) is a pervasive personality disorder that poses a burden for affected individuals, their family members and society as a whole. Current research suggests that early childhood abuse, including emotional abuse, may be an important predictor of later BPD symptomology. Further, an emerging body of literature suggests that anxiety sensitivity (AS) may serve as a form of emotional vulnerability and be a key variable in the relation between abuse and the development of BPD symptomatology. This literature has relied on retrospective recall of abuse and AS in adult samples. As a result, there is a dearth of literature examining these variables in adolescence, which is a developmental period in which personality traits begin to emerge. This study explored the impact of AS in the development of BPD symptoms in a group of 277 adolescents. Results suggest a significant indirect effect of emotional abuse on BPD symptoms via AS, after controlling for sex, grade and prior levels of AS (indirect effect = 0.04, standard error (SE) = 0.02 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.001–0.070)). These findings suggest that, among adolescents, AS may serve as an important contributor to the development of BPD symptoms. Implications for interventions and future research are further discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bismuth‐doped Cu(In,Ga)Se2 absorber prepared by multi‐layer precursor method and its solar cell
Authors: Chantana Jakapan , Hironiwa Daisuke , Watanabe Taichi , Teraji Seiki , Kawamura Kazunori , Minemoto Takashi 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBismuth (Bi)‐doped Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) films were prepared by the so‐called “multi‐layer precursor method”, obtained by depositing them onto Bi layers with various thicknesses on Mo‐coated soda‐lime glass (SLG) substrates. Material composition (Cu, In, Ga, and Se) profiles of the CIGS films are almost identical, whereas sodium (Na) is reduced, when Bi thickness is increased. Moreover, the incorporation of Bi into the CIGS film is enhanced with thicker Bi layer. With Bi thickness from 0 to 70 nm, the 2.4‐μm‐thick CIGS absorbers demonstrate the increase in CIGS grain size, carrier lifetime, and carrier concentration, thus improving their cell performances, especially open‐circuit voltage (VOC). With further increase in Bi thickness of above 70 nm, the CIGS films show the deterioration of CIGS film quality owing to the formation of Bi compounds such as Bi, BiSe, and Bi4Se3. Consequently, Bi‐doped CIGS absorber with thickness of 2.4 μm, prepared with the 70‐nm‐thick Bi layer on Mo‐coated SLG substrate, gives rise to the improvement of photovoltaic performances, especially VOC. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Adaptive tracking control for a class of uncertain pure‐feedback systems
Authors: Liu Yong‐Hua 
Published: May 2015

SummaryThis paper concerns the global output tracking for uncertain pure‐feedback systems. By adding an integrator, the original systems with nonaffine‐in‐control are transformed into the augmented affine‐in‐control systems. Through a novel change of coordinates, an adaptive control scheme is proposed via backstepping approach, which eliminates the need of overparametrization. It is proven that the proposed control scheme is sufficient to ensure the global asymptotic tracking, as well as the boundedness of all the closed‐loop signals. An illustrative example is provided to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Security–quality aware routing for wireless multimedia sensor networks using secret sharing
Authors: Rashwan Abdelnaser , Wang Honggang , Wu Dalei , Huang Xinming 
Published: May 2015

AbstractSecurity and video quality are progressively significant attributes for wireless multimedia sensor networks. Most of existing research considers security and video quality separately. However, it is crucial to integrate security and video quality together for video transmission because delivering video data across a secure path does not often meet video quality requirements in many traditional approaches. Applying the general concept of secret sharing algorithm on a data packet and delivering it through disjoint multipaths can be considered to deliver the data securely. However, using the general concept of secret sharing is not efficient when large‐size video data are routed. To tackle these issues, we propose a novel security and quality aware routing (SQAR) protocol to address these two issues concurrently. We jointly consider security and video quality in wireless multimedia networks by proposing a video distortion model based on a new secret image sharing scheme. In SQAR, a secret image sharing is only applied on the intra‐frames of the video codec H.264 and can significantly reduce the transmission overheads. Simulation results show that SQAR scheme can achieve better trade‐off between the security and quality over the traditional routing protocols. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ctbp2 Modulates NuRD-Mediated Deacetylation of H3K27 and Facilitates PRC2-Mediated H3K27me3 in Active Embryonic Stem Cell Genes During Exit from Pluripotency
Authors: Kim Tae Wan , Kang Byung-Hee , Jang Hyonchol , Kwak Sojung , Shin Jihoon , Kim Hyunsoo , Lee Sang-Eun , Lee Soon-Min , Lee Jong-Hyuk , Kim Jae-Hwan , Kim Seon-Young , Cho Eun-Jung , Kim Ju Han , Park Keun Soo , Che Jeong-Hwan , Han Dong Wook , Kang Min Jueng , Yi Eugene C. , Youn Hong-Duk 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
For cells to exit from pluripotency and commit to a lineage, the circuitry of a core transcription factor (CTF) network must be extinguished in an orderly manner through epigenetic modifications. However, how this choreographed epigenetic remodeling at active embryonic stem cell (ESC) genes occurs during differentiation is poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate that C-terminal binding protein 2 (Ctbp2) regulates nucleosome remodeling and deacetylation (NuRD)-mediated deacetylation of H3K27 and facilitates recruitment of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2)-mediated H3K27me3 in active ESC genes for exit from pluripotency during differentiation. By genomewide analysis, we found that Ctbp2 resides in active ESC genes and co-occupies regions with ESC CTFs in undifferentiated ESCs. Furthermore, ablation of Ctbp2 effects inappropriate gene silencing in ESCs by sustaining high levels of H3K27ac and impeding H3K27me3 in active ESC genes, thereby sustaining ESC maintenance during differentiation. Thus, Ctbp2 preoccupies regions in active genes with the NuRD complex in undifferentiated ESCs that are directed toward H3K27me3 by PRC2 to induce stable silencing, which is pivotal for natural lineage commitment. Stem Cells 2015;33:2442–2455
The Complex Journey of Traumatised Children: Discovering Safety in Order to Experience Comfort, Joy and Self-discovery
Authors: Hughes Daniel 
Published: May 2015

The neurological, psychological, emotional and social effects of abuse do not stop when the actual abuse has stopped. These affects are likely to be significant, pervasive, and long-lasting. Children who have experienced abuse at the hands of their parents tend to mistrust both their parents as well as subsequent carers who are making efforts to keep them safe. They avoid eye contact, comforting touch, reciprocal activities and communications that might facilitate a sense of safety and the development of a secure attachment. Those caring for such children need to find ways to patiently and gently help these children to begin to experience relaxed, reciprocal interactions with them along with the more intense experiences of comfort and joy.Finally, when children have begun to trust their carers, but are returned to those who previously abused them, only to be abused again, they are at high risk to have even greater difficulty learning to trust. These more severe symptoms secondary to repeated trauma then cause their subsequent carers much greater challenges in helping them to begin to trust once again. This places the carers at risk for developing blocked care which further compromises the child's psychological development.
Differences in warming impacts on wheat productivity among varieties released in different eras in North China
Authors: ZHENG C. Y. , CHEN J. , SONG Z. W. , DENG A. X. , JIANG L. N. , ZHANG B. M. , ZHANG W. J. 
Published: May 2015

SUMMARYTen leading varieties of winter wheat released during 1950–2009 in North China were tested in a free-air temperature increase (FATI) facility. The FATI facility mimicked the local air temperature pattern well, with an increase of 1·1 °C in the daily mean temperature. For all the tested varieties, warming caused a significant reduction in the total length of wheat growth period by 5 days and especially in the pre-anthesis period, where it was reduced by 9 days. However, warming increased wheat biomass production and grain yield by 8·4 and 11·4%, respectively, on an average of all the tested varieties. There was no significant difference in the warming-led reduction in the entire growth period among the tested varieties. Interestingly, the warming-led increments in biomass production and grain yield increased along with the variety release year. Significantly higher warming-led increases in post-anthesis biomass production and 1000-grain weight were found in the new varieties compared to the old ones. Meanwhile, a significant improvement in plant productivity was noted due to wheat breeding during the past six decades, while no significant difference in the length of entire growth period was found among the varieties released in different eras. The results demonstrate that historical wheat breeding might have enhanced winter wheat productivity and adaptability through exploiting the positive effects rather than mitigating the negative impacts of warming on wheat growth in North China.
The politics of strategy: why government agencies conduct major strategic reviews
Authors: Tama Jordan 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn recent years, United States (US) policymakers have instituted quadrennial strategy reviews in several major policy areas. In this article, I examine why policymakers have initiated these large strategic reviews, and why a particular model for them has diffused from the US Defense Department to other government agencies. I find that policymakers have initiated the reviews principally to spur organisational change in agencies and influence the relationship between agencies and the Congress, and that policymakers have replicated the Defense Department’s review model because of that department’s strong political support. My findings suggest more generally that formal strategy activities are often driven more by legislative-executive and bureaucratic politics than by a search for new strategic ideas. Commonalities between the diffusion of quadrennial reviews in the US and the diffusion of other strategy and planning processes internationally underscore the broader applicability and significance of these findings.
Real estate and mortgage finance in England and the Low Countries, 1300–1800
Authors: VAN BOCHOVE CHRISTIAAN , DENEWETH HEIDI , ZUIJDERDUIJN JACO 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTMortgage markets in developing economies, both past and present, are often confined to social networks between private individuals. The inadequate registration of ownership of and encumbrances on borrowers’ real estate has been offered as a reason for this, but it is questionable whether such registration provides either a simple or a complete explanation. This paper analyses mortgage markets between 1300 and 1800 in the Low Countries, where such registration was organised well, and England, where such registration was poorly organised. These historical cases show that registration was important for the emergence of broad mortgage markets but in the historical context successful markets took considerable time to appear. The rise of such markets also required changes in the mortgage laws and often depended on intermediaries for matching borrowers and lenders.
The oldest record of ornithuromorpha from the early cretaceous of China
Authors: Wang Min , Zheng Xiaoting , O’Connor Jingmai K. , Lloyd Graeme T. , Wang Xiaoli , Wang Yan , Zhang Xiaomei , Zhou Zhonghe 
Published: May 2015

AbstractOrnithuromorpha is the most inclusive clade containing extant birds but not the Mesozoic Enantiornithes. The early evolutionary history of this avian clade has been advanced with recent discoveries from Cretaceous deposits, indicating that Ornithuromorpha and Enantiornithes are the two major avian groups in Mesozoic. Here we report on a new ornithuromorph bird,Archaeornithura meemannaegen. et sp. nov., from the second oldest avian-bearing deposits (130.7 Ma) in the world. The new taxon is referable to the Hongshanornithidae and constitutes the oldest record of the Ornithuromorpha. However,A. meemannaeshows few primitive features relative to younger hongshanornithids and is deeply nested within the Hongshanornithidae, suggesting that this clade is already well established. The new discovery extends the record of Ornithuromorpha by five to six million years, which in turn pushes back the divergence times of early avian lingeages into the Early Cretaceous.
Fast and bright spontaneous emission of Er3+ ions in metallic nanocavity
Authors: Song Jung-Hwan , Kim Jisu , Jang Hoon , Yong Kim In , Karnadi Indra , Shin Jonghwa , Shin Jung H. , Lee Yong-Hee 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBy confining light in a small cavity, the spontaneous emission rate of an emitter can be controlled via the Purcell effect. However, while Purcell factors as large as ∼10,000 have been predicted, actual reported values were in the range of about 10–30 only, leaving a huge gap between theory and experiment. Here we report on enhanced 1.54-μm emission from Er3+ ions placed in a very small metallic cavity. Using a cavity designed to enhance the overall Purcell effect instead of a particular component, and by systematically investigating its photonic properties, we demonstrate an unambiguous Purcell factor that is as high as 170 at room temperature. We also observe >90 times increase in the far-field radiant flux, indicating that as much as 55% of electromagnetic energy that was initially supplied to Er3+ ions in the cavity escape safely into the free space in just one to two optical cycles.
Opioid addiction and withdrawal differentially drive long-term depression of inhibitory synaptic transmission in the hippocampus
Authors: Han Huili , Dong Zhifang , Jia Yunfang , Mao Rongrong , Zhou Qixin , Yang Yuexiong , Wang Liping , Xu Lin , Cao Jun 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAddictive behavior is increasingly accepted as a drug-associated pathological memory in which the hippocampus is profoundly engaged. It has been well documented that adaptations of synaptic plasticity of excitatory transmission in the hippocampus may contribute to opioid addiction. However, it remains unknown whether and how adaptive changes of synaptic plasticity of inhibitory transmission in the hippocampus occurs during opioid abuse. Here, we reported that a single in vivo morphine exposure (SM) did not affect inhibitory long-term depression (I-LTD) in the hippocampus, compared with saline control; while repeated morphine exposure (RM) abolished this I-LTD. Interestingly, opioid withdrawal for 3-5 days after repeated (RMW), but not a single morphine exposure (SMW), largely enhanced I-LTD. More importantly, the I-LTD in single morphine treatment is dependent on presynaptic mechanism since it can be blocked by AM251, a selective cannabinoid receptor 1 antagonist. While the large I-LTD in RMW group is dependent on combinatorial presynaptic and postsynaptic mechanisms since it can be blocked by co-application of AM251 and L-type calcium channel blocker LaCl3. Thus, these results demonstrate that opioid use and withdrawal drive the dynamics of presynaptic and postsynaptic I-LTD expression in the hippocampus that may contribute to the persistent behavioral changes during opioid abuse.
3D Structural Fluctuation of IgG1 Antibody Revealed by Individual Particle Electron Tomography
Authors: Zhang Xing , Zhang Lei , Tong Huimin , Peng Bo , Rames Matthew J. , Zhang Shengli , Ren Gang 
Published: May 2015

AbstractCommonly used methods for determining protein structure, including X-ray crystallography and single-particle reconstruction, often provide a single and unique three-dimensional (3D) structure. However, in these methods, the protein dynamics and flexibility/fluctuation remain mostly unknown. Here, we utilized advances in electron tomography (ET) to study the antibody flexibility and fluctuation through structural determination of individual antibody particles rather than averaging multiple antibody particles together. Through individual-particle electron tomography (IPET) 3D reconstruction from negatively-stained ET images, we obtained 120 ab-initio 3D density maps at an intermediate resolution (~1–3 nm) from 120 individual IgG1 antibody particles. Using these maps as a constraint, we derived 120 conformations of the antibody via structural flexible docking of the crystal structure to these maps by targeted molecular dynamics simulations. Statistical analysis of the various conformations disclosed the antibody 3D conformational flexibility through the distribution of its domain distances and orientations. This blueprint approach, if extended to other flexible proteins, may serve as a useful methodology towards understanding protein dynamics and functions.
Systematic optimization of human pluripotent stem cells media using Design of Experiments
Authors: Marinho Paulo A. , Chailangkarn Thanathom , Muotri Alysson R. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractHuman pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) are used to study the early stages of human development in vitro and, increasingly due to somatic cell reprogramming, cellular and molecular mechanisms of disease. Cell culture medium is a critical factor for hPSC to maintain pluripotency and self-renewal. Numerous defined culture media have been empirically developed but never systematically optimized for culturing hPSC. We applied design of experiments (DOE), a powerful statistical tool, to improve the medium formulation for hPSC. Using pluripotency and cell growth as read-outs, we determined the optimal concentration of both basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and neuregulin−1 beta 1 (NRG1β1). The resulting formulation, named iDEAL, improved the maintenance and passage of hPSC in both normal and stressful conditions and affected trimethylated histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) epigenetic status after genetic reprogramming. It also enhances efficient hPSC plating as single cells. Altogether, iDEAL potentially allows scalable and controllable hPSC culture routine in translational research. Our DOE strategy could also be applied to hPSC differentiation protocols, which often require numerous and complex cell culture media.
Pressure-stabilized superconductive yttrium hydrides
Authors: Li Yinwei , Hao Jian , Liu Hanyu , Tse John S. , Wang Yanchao , Ma Yanming 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe search for high-temperature superconductors has been focused on compounds containing a large fraction of hydrogen, such as SiH4(H2)2, CaH6 and KH6. Through a systematic investigation of yttrium hydrides at different hydrogen contents using an structure prediction method based on the particle swarm optimization algorithm, we have predicted two new yttrium hydrides (YH4 andYH6), which are stable above 110 GPa. Three types of hydrogen species with increased H contents were found, monatomic H in YH3, monatomic H+molecular “H2” in YH4 and hexagonal “H6” unit in YH6. Interestingly, H atoms in YH6 form sodalite-like cage sublattice with centered Y atom. Electron-phonon calculations revealed the superconductive potential of YH4 and YH6 with estimated transition temperatures (Tc) of 84–95 K and 251–264 K at 120 GPa, respectively. These values are higher than the predicted maximal Tc of 40 K in YH3.
Diffusion control of an ion by another in LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 crystals
Authors: Zhang De-Long , Zhang Qun , Qiu Cong-Xian , Wong Wing-Han , Yu Dao-Yin , Yue-Bun Pun Edwin 
Published: May 2015

AbstractDiffusion-doping is an effective, practical method to improve material properties and widen material application. Here, we demonstrate a new physical phenomenon: diffusion control of an ion by another in LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 crystals. We exemplify Ti4+/Xn+ (Xn+ = Sc3+, Zr4+, Er3+) co-diffusion in the widely studied LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 crystals. Some Ti4+/Xn+-co-doped LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 plates were prepared by co-diffusion of stacked Ti-metal and Er-metal (Sc2O3 or ZrO2) films coated onto LiNbO3 or LiTaO3 substrates. The Ti4+/Xn+-co-diffusion characteristics were studied by secondary ion mass spectrometry. In the Xn+-only diffusion case, the Xn+ diffuses considerably slower than the Ti4+. In the Ti4+/Xn+ co-diffusion case, the faster Ti4+ controls the diffusion of the slower Xn+. The Xn+ diffusivity increases linearly with the initial Ti-metal thickness and the increase depends on the Xn+ species. The phenomenon is ascribed to the generation of additional defects induced by the diffusion of faster Ti4+ ions, which favors and assists the subsequent diffusion of slower Xn+ ion. For the diffusion system studied here, it can be utilized to substantially shorten device fabrication period, improve device performance and produce new materials.