bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of HIF1α on Foxp3 expression in CD4+CD25− T lymphocytes
Authors: Wu Jianguo , Cui Hongyan , Zhu Zhifeng , Wang Li , Li Hong , Wang Desheng 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of HIF1α on Foxp3 expression in CD4+CD25− T lymphocytes. CD4+CD25− T lymphocytes were sorted from PBMC using a CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cell isolation kit. Lentivirus containing lentiviral vector that overexpressed HIF1α (HIF‐lenti) and those containing empty expression vector (control‐lenti) were produced. Meanwhile, lentivirus that contained lentiviral vector that suppressed HIF1α expression (siHIF‐lenti) and those containing control vector (sicontrol‐lenti) were also generated. The sorted CD4+CD25− T lymphocytes were infected with HIF‐lenti, control‐lenti, siHIF‐lenti, and sicontrol‐lenti, respectively. Approximately 72 hr after transduction, real‐time PCR and Western blot were carried out to analyze the RNA and protein expression level of HIF1α and Foxp3. CD4+CD25− T lymphocytes cultured under 21% O2, 5% CO2 (normoxia) and 1% O2, 5% CO2 (hypoxia) were used as control. Our results showed that overexpression of HIF1α increased both mRNA and protein expression of Foxp3 and, meanwhile, suppression of HIF1α expression by RNAi could reverse high Foxp3 expression in CD4+CD25− T lymphocytes caused by hypoxic culture. These results suggested that hypoxia could stimulate Foxp3 expression by increasing HIF1α expression in CD4+ T lymphocytes which may promote CD4+ T lymphocytes to convert to Treg.
Levamisole enhances immunity in ducklings vaccinated against Riemerella anatipestifer
Authors: Zhang Yuewei , Chen Huiling , Zeng Xiangfan , Wang Peng , Li Jinxiang , Wu Wenxue 
Published: June 2014

AbstractOil‐adjuvant‐inactivated vaccine is one of the most cost‐effective vaccines used to protect ducklings against RA infection; however, it does not provide complete protection in very young ducklings with immature immune systems. In the current study, LMS was used as an immunopotentiator to improve the immune system in ducklings. Serum immunoglobulin (Ig)G titers and the secretions of both Th1‐type (IFN‐γ and IL‐2) and Th2‐type (IL‐4 and IL‐10) cytokines were higher in ducklings that had been vaccinated with LMS. In addition, a significantly higher T‐lymphocyte proliferation rate was obtained with the addition of LMS. Furthermore, all of the ducklings vaccinated with LMS were protected against RA on the 9th day post‐vaccination, whereas only 69.2% of the ducklings were protected in the group that did not receive LMS. These results suggest that LMS might be a useful adjuvant to enhance the immune response of ducklings. The use of LMS may also alleviate local injection lesions, caused by the oil‐emulsion vaccine, by reducing the dose of the vaccine.
A continental scale trophic cascade from wolves through coyotes to foxes
Authors: Newsome Thomas M. , Ripple William J. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryTop‐down processes, via the direct and indirect effects of interspecific competitive killing (no consumption of the kill) or intraguild predation (consumption of the kill), can potentially influence the spatial distribution of terrestrial predators, but few studies have demonstrated the phenomenon at a continental scale.For example, in North America, grey wolvesCanis lupusare known to kill coyotesCanis latrans, and coyotes, in turn, may kill foxesVulpesspp., but the spatial effects of these competitive interactions at large scales are unknown.Here, we analyse fur return data across eight jurisdictions in North America to test whether the presence or absence of wolves has caused a continent‐wide shift in coyote and red foxVulpes vulpesdensity.Our results support the existence of a continental scale cascade whereby coyotes outnumber red foxes in areas where wolves have been extirpated by humans, whereas red foxes outnumber coyotes in areas where wolves are present. However, for a distance of up to 200 km on the edge of wolf distribution, there is a transition zone where the effects of top‐down control are weakened, possibly due to the rapid dispersal and reinvasion capabilities of coyotes into areas where wolves are sporadically distributed or at low densities.Our results have implications for understanding how the restoration of wolf populations across North America could potentially affect co‐occurring predators and prey. We conclude that large carnivores may need to occupy large continuous areas to facilitate among‐carnivore cascades and that studies of small areas may not be indicative of the effects of top‐down mesopredator control.
Fitness prospects: effects of age, sex and recruitment age on reproductive value in a long‐lived seabird
Authors: Zhang He , Rebke Maren , Becker Peter H. , Bouwhuis Sandra 
Published: June 2014

Summary

Reproductive value is an integrated measure of survival and reproduction fundamental to understanding life‐history evolution and population dynamics, but little is known about intraspecific variation in reproductive value and factors explaining such variation, if any.

By applying generalized additive mixed models to longitudinal individual‐based data of the common tern Sterna hirundo, we estimated age‐specific annual survival probability, breeding probability and reproductive performance, based on which we calculated age‐specific reproductive values. We investigated effects of sex and recruitment age (RA) on each trait.

We found age effects on all traits, with survival and breeding probability declining with age, while reproductive performance first improved with age before levelling off. We only found a very small, marginally significant, sex effect on survival probability, but evidence for decreasing age‐specific breeding probability and reproductive performance with RA.

As a result, males had slightly lower age‐specific reproductive values than females, while birds of both sexes that recruited at the earliest ages of 2 and 3 years (i.e. 54% of the tern population) had somewhat higher fitness prospects than birds recruiting at later ages. While the RA effects on breeding probability and reproductive performance were statistically significant, these effects were not large enough to translate to significant effects on reproductive value.

Age‐specific reproductive values provided evidence for senescence, which came with fitness costs in a range of 17–21% for the sex‐RA groups.

Our study suggests that intraspecific variation in reproductive value may exist, but that, in the common tern, the differences are small.
Umbilical cord prolapse – changing patterns and improved outcomes: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Gibbons C , O'Herlihy C , Murphy JF 
Published: June 2014

ObjectiveUmbilical cord prolapse is an acute obstetrical emergency requiring rapid identification and intervention. Its management has undergone significant changes over the past century. This study aims to document the changes in incidence, morbidity, and perinatal mortality over a 69‐year period.DesignA retrospective review of the annual clinical reports of the National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland, was performed.SettingThe National Maternity hospital was founded in 1894 and has nearly 10 000 deliveries each year.PopulationAll deliveries in the hospital for each year are included in each annual report.MethodsWe reviewed the reports from a 69‐year period (1940–2009). Information from the reports was collated into a database and analysed using Microsoft excel 2007.Main outcome measuresIncidence and outcome of all cases of umbilical cord prolapse were recorded, along with the neurological outcome of all neonatal survivors (available since 1970).ResultsThe incidence of cord prolapse has decreased from 6.4/1000 live births in the 1940s to 1.7/100 live births in the last decade. Perinatal survival increased from 46 to 94% in the same period of time. This is inversely related to the use of caesarean section as the recommended method of delivery in this emergency. Short‐ and long‐term neurological impairment remains rare.ConclusionsThere has been a large reduction in the incidence of cord prolapse over a period of 69 years. A reduction in grand multiparity and use of caesarean section as the gold standard for delivery are likely to have accounted for the changes seen. Neurological impairment remains unusual.
Demand for emergency department services in the elderly: An 11 year analysis of the Greater Sydney Area
Authors: Leonard Claire , Bein Kendall J , Latt Mark , Muscatello David , Veillard Anne‐Sophie , Dinh Michael M 
Published: June 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo describe trends in population‐based rates of ED presentations in the Greater Sydney Area (GSA) and compare these between the elderly and non‐elderly age groups.MethodsThis was a retrospective study using ED presentation data from all public hospitals in the GSA and population data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics between 2001 and 2011. Age‐specific ED presentation rates stratified by age group (<65 years, 65–79 years and ≥80 years of age) were presented and compared using negative binomial regression and generalised linear regression models.ResultsOver 11 million ED presentations were analysed. The annualised rate of increase in ED presentations per 1000 population was 1.8% per annum. The adjusted incidence rate ratio for patients aged 80 years and over was 3.6 times higher than patients younger than 65 years (95% CI 2.8, 4.7, P < 0.001) and 1.6 times higher for patients between 65 and 79 years of age (95% CI 1.4, 1.8, P < 0.001). There was an increase of 40 patients per 1000 population per year admitted to hospital from ED (β = 40, 95% CI 29, 52 P < 0.001) in patients aged 80 years or older compared with those aged less than 65 years of age.ConclusionsA disproportionate increase in ED presentation rates and in‐patient admission rates in patients aged 80 years and over was demonstrated over 11 years in the GSA. ED models of care and system wide strategies to address these demographic changes are required.
Do statins reduce the cardiovascular risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis?
Authors: Danninger Kathrin , Hoppe Uta C. , Pieringer Herwig 
Published: June 2014

AbstractObjectivePatients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are at significantly higher risk of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality compared with the general population. Traditional CV risk factors cannot explain the total excess of CV morbidity and mortality in RA patients. At present, it is not clear whether treatment with statins might be of benefit in RA patients. The aim of the present systematic literature review is to summarize the published evidence concerning treatment with statins and its impact on CV events in RA patients.MethodsA systematic literature review of studies on RA and statins was carried out in the database PubMed. Search terms were ‘simvastatin OR atorvastatin OR fluvastatin OR lovastatin OR pravastatin OR rosuvastatin OR statin AND arthritis’. Papers were included in this review when the reported outcome was on CV events in RA patients. After exclusion of the studies not fulfilling our inclusion criteria four studies were finally analyzed. The total number of RA patients included in these studies was 4896.ResultsStatins were associated with reduced CV events and mortality in RA in primary prevention but not in secondary prevention. In secondary prevention after myocardial infarction (MI) there was no statistically significant difference between RA or non‐RA patients either receiving atorvastatin 80 mg or simvastatin 20–40 mg daily. Treatment with atorvastatin 80 mg led to a reduction in overall risk of CV disease in both patients with and without inflammatory joint disease compared to patients receiving the conventional/low‐dose statin treatment. Statin discontinuation in RA patients was associated with an increased risk of acute myocardial infarction or CV mortality. Myalgia, diarrhoea, abdominal pain and nausea may be more frequent in RA patients than in controls.ConclusionThe published evidence shows that in RA patients statin treatment appears to reduce CV risk in primary prevention and that statin discontinuation is associated with an increased risk for CV events. However, the significance of statin treatment in RA patients still remains unclear as only very little evidence has been published. Whether all RA patients would benefit from treatment with statins still needs to be investigated.
SRT2104 extends survival of male mice on a standard diet and preserves bone and muscle mass
Authors: Mercken Evi M. , Mitchell Sarah J. , Martin‐Montalvo Alejandro , Minor Robin K. , Almeida Maria , Gomes Ana P. , Scheibye‐Knudsen Morten , Palacios Hector H. , Licata Jordan J. , Zhang Yongqing , Becker Kevin G. , Khraiwesh Husam , González‐Reyes José A. , Villalba José M. , Baur Joseph A. , Elliott Peter , Westphal Christoph , Vlasuk George P. , Ellis James L. , Sinclair David A. , Bernier Michel , de Cabo Rafael 
Published: June 2014

SummaryIncreased expression of SIRT1 extends the lifespan of lower organisms and delays the onset of age‐related diseases in mammals. Here, we show that SRT2104, a synthetic small molecule activator of SIRT1, extends both mean and maximal lifespan of mice fed a standard diet. This is accompanied by improvements in health, including enhanced motor coordination, performance, bone mineral density, and insulin sensitivity associated with higher mitochondrial content and decreased inflammation. Short‐term SRT2104 treatment preserves bone and muscle mass in an experimental model of atrophy. These results demonstrate it is possible to design a small molecule that can slow aging and delay multiple age‐related diseases in mammals, supporting the therapeutic potential of SIRT1 activators in humans.
Anaphylaxis to diclofenac: nine cases reported to the Allergy Vigilance Network in France
Authors: Picaud J. , Beaudouin E. , Renaudin J. M. , Pirson F. , Metz‐Favre C. , Dron‐Gonzalvez M. , Moneret‐Vautrin D. A. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractNine cases of diclofenac hypersensitivity recorded by the Allergy Vigilance Network in France from 2002 to 2012 were studied. Data from history, symptoms, skin tests, basophil activation tests, and oral challenge (OC) were recorded. Grade 3 severe anaphylactic reactions occurred in seven cases of nine. IgE‐dependent anaphylaxis was confirmed in six cases: positive intradermal tests (n = 4), a syndromic reaction during skin tests (n = 1), and one case with grade 1 reaction and negative skin tests had an anaphylactic shock to theOC. A nonimmune reaction was suspected in one case. An IgE‐dependent mechanism may be the predominant cause of adverse reactions to diclofenac. Allergy skin tests must be carried out sequentially at the recommended concentrations.BATs may be helpful because they can support the diagnosis of anaphylaxis. Given the risks of a direct challenge to diclofenac,OCto aspirin should be performed first to exclude a nonimmunologic hypersensitivity toNSAIDs. Tests for specific IgEs to most frequently usedNSAIDs such as diclofenac and ibuprofen are urgently needed.
Effects of conservatively treated diseased cementum with or without EMD on in vitro cementoblast differentiation and in vivo cementum‐like tissue formation of human periodontal ligament cells
Authors: Qi Y. , Feng W. , Cai J. , Sun Q. , Li S. , Li M. , Song A. , Yang P. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractObjectivesThe present study aimed to evaluate the effects of conservatively treated diseased cementum on in vitro cementoblast differentiation and in vivo cementum‐like tissue formation of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs), and observe differential effects of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) on in vivo cementum formation by hPDLCs.Materials and methodsForty‐eight cementum slices and 48 dentin slices were prepared from periodontitis compromised teeth, and hPDLCs were inoculated on to all root slices. Twenty‐four co‐cultured root slices of each group were used for mRNA expression of cementum attachment protein and CEMP1. With application of EMD, 24 co‐cultured root slices (divided into groups C, D, C+E, D+E) were transplanted subcutaneously into nude mice. All root fragments were reviewed by histological analysis and immunohistochemical staining for bone sialoprotein.ResultsmRNA expressions of cementum attachment protein and cementum protein ‐ 1 from hPDLCs on cementum slices were statistically higher than those of dentin slices. Seven specimens of group C and 10 specimens of group C+E revealed a layer of cementum‐like tissue (NFC) on surfaces of pre‐existing cementum. NFC was thicker in group C+E than in group C. All NFCs were positively stained for bone sialoprotein, however, there was no NFC formation on dentin slices.ConclusionConservatively treated diseased cementum promoted in vitro cementoblast differentiation and in vivo cementum‐like tissue formation by hPDLCs, and the in vivo effect was enhanced by the presence of EMD.
Loeffler's syndrome: an interesting case report
Authors: Ekin Selami , Sertogullarindan Bunyamin , Gunbatar Hulya , Arisoy Ahmet , Yildiz Hanifi 
Published: June 2014

AbstractLoeffler's syndrome is an acute pneumonia with an unclear cause. One fourth of Loeffler's syndrome patients are idiopathic, although the most common etiologic causes include parasites. Asymptomatic form is usually a reversible, self‐limited disease, which does not require a specific treatment regimen. We presented a 17‐year‐old young man with diagnosis of Loeffler syndrome.
The cell composition of infused donor lymphocyte has different impact in different types of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Zhao Xiao‐su , Wang Yu , Yan Chen‐hua , Wang Jing‐zhi , Zhang Xiao‐hui , Xu Lan‐ping , Liu Kai‐yan , Huang Xiao‐jun 
Published: June 2014

AbstractDonor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) is often used to enhance the graft‐versus‐leukemia (GVL) effect after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT). In this study, we first evaluated the impact of the cell composition of a modified DLI (mDLI) on the prognoses of patients. A total of 194 patients undergoing allo‐HSCT were enrolled and received mDLI for various clinical reasons. The infused cellular components of the mDLI were examined by flow cytometry. The results showed that infusion with a lower dose of CD14+ cells (<0.33 × 108/kg) was an independent risk factor for the occurrence of II–IV acute graft‐versus‐host disease (aGVHD) (HR = 0.104, p = 0.032) in human leukoctye antigen‐identical transplant patients. In addition, a dose of CD14+ cells greater than the 50th percentile was associated with a lower incidence of hematological relapse and longer disease‐free survival (DFS) after the mDLI (relapse: HR = 0.193, p = 0.007; DFS: HR = 0.259, p = 0.016). However, we also found that a greater number of CD14+ cells were an independent risk factor for II–IV aGVHD (HR = 1.758, p = 0.034) in haploidentical allo‐HSCT. In conclusion, our data were the first to demonstrate that the cell composition of a 56 mDLI played a distinct role in different types of allo‐HSCT. This finding provided a novel approach for the development of cellular therapies by manipulating the components of infused cells.
Development in an Era of Economic Reform in India
Authors: Daftary Dolly 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTThis article explores transformations of development practice after economic reforms, through an empirical account from Gujarat, western India — the country's poster‐state of neoliberal reforms. It draws upon ethnographic fieldwork on the Hariyali watershed development intervention and the delivery of state‐sponsored microcredit through the Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana programme in Dahod district, eastern Gujarat. This study of development practice reveals the ascendancy of market rationalities in development agencies; the rise of contracting and subcontracting by a restructured rural bureaucracy; the state's devolution of policy implementation to local political actors; and the deployment of self‐governance techniques, specifically notation and inscription technologies, to create self‐regulating development subjects. Springing from transformations within the state itself, these changes constitute fundamental shifts in the governance of development.
‘Romanian Peasants’ into ‘European Farmers’? Using Statistics to Standardize Agriculture
Authors: Roger Antoine 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTIn this article, the agricultural sector in Romania provides the basis of a sociological enquiry into the contribution of statistics to the definition of legitimate economic organization. Using the analytical tools developed by James C. Scott, the emphasis is laid on the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) developed by the European Commission to define ‘economically viable’ farms. The measurement units which the FADN provides are applied at national level to determine legitimate agricultural practices. This imposes a productivist definition of the agricultural economy which diverges from the modes of social and economic organization observed in rural areas in Romania. Four million Romanian citizens make their living directly from working the land. The majority own smallholdings received during decollectivization and practise subsistence farming at the fringes of the legal economy. Instead of employing a definition of agriculture consistent with their practices and developing local distribution channels, quantification instruments provided by the European Commission form the basis of a selection procedure among these smallholders. These instruments have enabled the Romanian Ministry of Agriculture to set a threshold of ‘economic viability’ below which producers are deemed unable to develop a commercial approach to their activities. The objective is to help those who just about reach the required level to consolidate their agricultural holdings and take up intensive farming. The remainder are disqualified and encouraged to leave the sector. To further this objective, the category ‘semi‐subsistence’ agriculture has been created and takes centre stage in all measures implemented. Nevertheless, the statistical dividing lines on which this category is based have no substance and the structure of agriculture is manifesting high levels of inertia.
Neurophysiological abnormalities in the sensorimotor cortices during the motor planning and movement execution stages of children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Kurz Max J , Becker Katherine M , Heinrichs‐Graham Elizabeth , Wilson Tony W 
Published: June 2014

AimThis investigation used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to examine the neural oscillatory responses of the sensorimotor cortices during the motor planning and movement execution stages of children with typical development and children with cerebral palsy (CP).MethodThe study involved 13 children with CP (nine males, four females; mean [SD] age 14y 3mo [9mo], range 10–18y; height 1.61m [0.08m]; weight 52.65kg [13kg]), and 13 age‐ and sex‐matched typically developing children (height 1.64m [0.06m]; weight 56.88kg [10kg]). The experiment required the children to extend their knee joint as whole‐head MEG recordings were acquired. Beamformer imaging methods were employed to quantify the source activity of the beta‐frequency (14–28Hz) event‐related desynchronization (ERD) that occurs during the motor planning period, and the gamma‐frequency (~50Hz) event‐related synchronization (ERS) that occurs at the motor execution stage.ResultsThe children with CP had a stronger mean beta ERD during the motor planning phase and reduced mean gamma ERS at the onset of movement.InterpretationThe uncharacteristic beta ERD in the children with CP suggests that they may have greater difficulty planning knee joint movements. We suggest that these aberrant beta ERD oscillations may have a cascading effect on the gamma ERS, which ultimately affects the execution of the motor command.