bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MYELOID METAPLASIA IN A CASE OF ESTROGEN‐TREATED POLYCYTHEMIA VERA: ASSOCIATION WITH MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Wirth Lothar 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA 61‐year‐old man with myocardial infarction and myeloid metaplasia had had myocardial infarction and polycythemia vera eleven years earlier. Estrogen therapy had controlled the polycythemia but had not prevented myeloid metaplasia.
PREDICTIVE MEDICINE. V. LINEAR VERSUS CURVILINEAR FUNCTIONS
Authors: Cheraskin E. , Ringsdorf W. M. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn predictive medicine it is essential to regard the relationship between biochemical and clinical patterns as a curvilinear (parabolic) function involving a trichotomous system rather than the traditional dichotomous system. The parabolic pattern is a function of age and also of the range of values chosen to describe “normo‐,” “hypo‐” and “hyper‐” for the biochemical measurement in question.
PRIMARY MEDICAL CARE—ITS PROVISION CAN BE MADE COMPETITIVELY ATTRACTIVE TO PHYSICIANS
Authors: Garrison Glen E. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe greatest deficiency in health care in the United States is the inadequate supply of family‐oriented or front‐line medical care. In order to improve the attractiveness of front‐line medical practice, physicians who publicly make their major commitment to it should be assured access to appropriate facilities and to the services of an adequate volume and variety of assistants provided at public expense, as is now done for medical subspecialists. Family medicine programs should be established in medical schools to provide the greatly needed education and research in front‐line health care.In the future the methods of financing health care should include mechanisms to provide special incentives to attract professional health‐care workers to dedicate their careers to solving the most serious deficiencies that may develop.
DEVELOPMENT OF A SCALE (GIES) FOR ASSESSMENT OF COGNITIVE AND PERCEPTUAL FUNCTIONING IN GERIATRIC PATIENTS
Authors: Plutchik Robert , Conte Hope , Lieberman Morris 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis study was concerned with the development of a brief, structured, testing procedure for evaluating the cognitive and perceptual functioning of geriatric patients. When male patients were compared with female patients, the males performed significantly better than the females. Older geriatric patients did more poorly on the test than did younger patients. For both males and females, the major decrease in cognitive functioning occurred between the decades of the 60's and the 70's. The test significantly discriminated between patients who showed relatively good social and physical functioning and those who showed relatively poor functioning when these areas were independently assessed. Analyses showed that most of the items significantly discriminated between a high‐scoring group and a low‐scoring group. Split‐half reliability of the test was +.93. The test appears to be a promising technique for assessing geriatric patients before and after various forms of therapy.
PROFESSIONAL WORKERS' ATTITUDES TOWARD THE AGED
Authors: Wolk Robert L. , Wolk Rochelle B. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAnswers to a questionnaire by 220 respondents were classified according to occupation (social service workers, psychologists, nurses), age of the respondents, and whether or not they were working with old people. The responses showed a greater number of positive attitudes toward the aged from the professional groups who chose to work with them—44 of the 220 respondents. Within this group, the older workers manifested still more positive attitudes than did the younger workers. Among those who did not choose to work with the aged, there was no difference regarding negative stereotypes between the younger and older respondents. Nurses were the most positive in their attitudes; significantly, their work involves physical contact rather than verbal communication.Neither young nor older professional workers view the aged appropriately, although the younger ones are somewhat less negative in their attitudes. Older workers, threatened by their own advancing age, tend to overcompensate for their negative attitudes, especially in regard to intellectual functioning. In general, positive experiences create positive attitudes, and negative experiences negative attitudes.
AGING IN HIROSHIMA AND NAGASAKI ATOMIC BOMB SURVIVORS: ACCUMULATION OF CARDIAC LIPOFUSCIN
Authors: Anderson Robert E. , Yamamoto Tsutomu , Oshida Kenzo , Thorslund Todd 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis report concerns the amount of age‐dependent lipofuscin in the myocardium (left ventricle) as found at autopsy in a group of 54 persons who had been exposed proximally (1,400 meters from the hypocenter) to the Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bombs of 1945. The subjects were matched by sex and age‐decade of death with a similar number of subjects who were in neither city at the time of the explosions. The results failed to demonstrate an accelerated accumulation of pigment in the proximally exposed group. Although the difference was not statistically significant, the majority of the exposed group appeared to accumulate lipofuscin more slowly than did the nonexposed group. The possible implications are discussed.
MALE NURSING HOME PATIENTS: RELOCATION AND MORTALITY*
Authors: Ogren Evelyn H. , Linn Margaret W. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe effect of transfer from one nursing home to another was studied in 82 male veterans over a four‐year period. Group T comprised 41 patients who were transferred from the initial nursing home to one or more other homes; Group NT (controls) comprised 41 patients who were not transferred from the initial nursing home. Disability and illness were assessed by specific rating scales, and the 32 nursing homes were evaluated by three social workers. There were no significant differences between the two groups of patients, although the NT group seemed more disorganized at the end of the study period. For the transferred group there was no increase in the mortality rate. Apparently the most important factor in good adjustment to a nursing home is the understanding of the patient's needs for assistance and service.
THE ORAL GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST IN ADULTS OF VARIOUS AGES
Authors: Tubbs Harry A. , Tubbs Joan E. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIf glucose intolerance or early maturity‐onset diabetes are to be detected, all adults, even if there is no family history of diabetes, should be tested. A study was made of 489 ambulatory, relatively “healthy” adult patients. They were screened for the detection of diabetes and decreased glucose tolerance, and 300 standard three‐hour oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) were also performed. Urinary glucose determinations were made concomitantly.Details of the analytical procedures are given. Standardized dietary preparation is stressed. Formulae for converting whole‐blood glucose values to plasma values are presented. The Wilkerson diagnostic criteria seem the most appropriate for general use.From 5 to 15 per cent of the adults with normal OGTT values had significant glucosuria. The percentage incidences of glucose intolerance and of diabetes increased with age. Patients with 4‐plus glucosuria (quantitatively, at least 2 per cent) should be considered diabetic until proved otherwise, even though the glucose tolerance curve may be normal, since the height of the curve may be related to the low renal threshold. Adults with a significant degree of glucose intolerance need treatment, whether the intolerance be due to diabetes mellitus, or secondary to some other primary disease, or caused by certain therapeutic measures (e.g., surgery, drugs).
EXTENDED CARE
Authors: LORENZE EDWARD J. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract: This article presents some of the background experience and models which led to the development of the concept of Extended Care in Medicare legislation. This legislation is a landmark because, for the first time, sound financial support has been given in the area of after‐care of the general‐hospital patient. The aims of Extended Care as visualized under Medicare are excellent in themselves. However, problems arise in administration of the programs (e. g., in defining skilled nursing care) and in developing methods by which quality service can be given.The area of health legislation that must be considered in the immediate future involves financial support and implementation of rehabilitation services beyond those provided by Extended Care at present. In addition, there should be programs for those who remain chronically ill and require institutional custodial care. Such patients are in a relatively stable condition after their allotted period in Extended Care with its rehabilitation services, but they have not improved enough to return home; at present, they are not eligible for future services under Extended Care. These are examples of major areas in which there is great need for improvement.
Glucose Tolerance in Various Age Groups of the Elderly
Authors: HEIKINHEIMO RAUNO 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT:Fasting blood glucose concentrations and the values obtained two hours after administration of 50 gm of glucose were examined in 1500 patients admitted to the department for chronic diseases in a hospital in Finland. In females of the higher age groups, fasting blood glucose was more frequently over 100 mg per 100 ml than it was in age groups under 60. In males, no such phenomenon was observed. Two hours after the administration of glucose all the older age groups showed high blood glucose values much more often than did the younger age groups. In males, no additional tendency to increase with age was observed in the age brackets beyond 60–64 years. In females, on the contrary, elevated values became continuously more common as age increased. Diagnostic information obtained by the glucose tolerance test appears to be questionable in the case of elderly patients. Doubt is also thrown on the justifiability of the prediabetes concept by the very high frequency of diabetic‐type glucose tolerance curves in the oldest age groups.
Enzymatic Lysis in Vitro of Hyalin Deposits in Human Kidney
Authors: BJORKSTEN JOHAN , BLOODWORTH J. M. B. , BUETOW RALPH 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT:Vascular hyalin was readily dissolved in vitro from sections of the formalin‐preserved, paraffin‐embedded kidney of a hypertensive patient, by means of an enzyme (BJ‐B‐66) isolated from Bac. cereus. The enzyme attacked other hyalins and tissue components as well. The enzyme is active at body temperature and pH, and appears substantially nontoxic to rats and hamsters.
Physical Diagnosis of Coronary Artery Disease and Its Sequelae*
Authors: CHENG TSUNG O. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT:Physical examination tends to be regarded negatively in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD). A resurgence of current interest in the physical diagnosis of CAD and its sequelae results from the availability of surgical techniques for their treatment and is made possible by a systemic clinical‐physiological‐angiographical correlative approach. An accentuated first sound (S1) in association with presystolic and diastolic gallops in the absence of congestive heart failure is highly suggestive of papillary muscle dysfunction (PMD) and/or ventricular aneurysm (VA), two of the most common sequelae of CAD. When S1 in VA is not accentuated, mural thrombosis should be suspected. The murmurs of PMD are much more common in CAD than generally believed and can be either ejection‐type, early systolic, midsystolic, pansystolic, or late systolic. A late systolic murmur (LSM) in CAD represents a mild form of PMD and may be distinguished from the murmur of the “auscultatory‐electrocardiographic” syndrome by its responses to amyl nitrite and the squatting position. Murmurs of PMD can be differentiated from other mitral regurgitant murmurs by their changing configurations, post‐extrasystolic diminution and inspiratory accentuation. Paradoxical splitting of the second sound in CAD is more an auscultatory illusion than an actual reversal of the sequence of closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves. Diastolic murmurs in CAD may be due to either VA or segmental coronary artery stenosis. It is concluded that physical examination gives valuable clues to the existence of CAD or its sequelae and to the functional status of the underlying myocardium. It constitutes the single most useful non‐invasive tool available to every physician.
To Remain Alive with Dignity: A Neurosurgical Viewpoint
Authors: RASKIND ROBERT , GLOVER M. B. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT:There is a tendency among some physicians to overlook the therapeutic possibilities in a patient with a past history of malignancy or incurable disease which ostensibly is the cause of the patient's present distress. This practice is often based upon the belief that the available treatment is too risky, dangerous, severely mutilating, or hopeless. Such an attitude stems from failure to obtain a well‐documented diagnosis and prognosis predicated on the many safe and relatively inexpensive procedures (surgical and nonsurgical) currently available to the physician. A group of case histories is presented in which one or more physicians rejected further investigation because no therapy was deemed justifiable. The diagnosis in each case was later found to be in error, as determined by additional clinical studies or postmortem examination.In many cases of neurosurgical dysfunction, life may be prolonged — with dignity — by: 1) determining the accuracy of the original diagnosis, 2) confirming clinical impressions by one or more objective findings, 3) the liberal use of consultations, and 4) the continuing review of current modes of therapy.
Sociopsychological Obstacles to L‐Dopa Therapy That May Limit Effectiveness in Parkinsonism
Authors: HYMAN MARTIN D. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT:Chronic illness produces changes in patients' self‐conceptions and social relationships which may impair their level of functioning. L‐dopa therapy is particularly relevant to patients ill for some time with a disease believed by themselves and their associates to be chronic. In parkinsonian patients, therefore, the effect of L‐dopa on their level of functioning, as distinct from their symptoms, is likely to be inhibited by some of the social and psychological concomitants of chronic illness. The literature on these concomitants and on recovery from chronic illness indicates that functional recovery will be impeded if: 1) the patient considers himself to be impaired, devalued and stigmatized, and 2) his social environment is characterized by extreme social isolation or cohesion, a pessimistic prognosis on the part of others, or an illness‐induced family restructuring which the relatives are loath to reverse.
Rating Scales for Psychotropic Drug Research with Geriatric Patients. I. Behavior Ratings*
Authors: SALZMAN CARL , SHADER RICHARD I. , KOCHANSKY GERALD E. , CRONIN DENISE M. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT:Rating scales for the assessment of behavior in geriatric patients are reviewed in two categories: 1) specific, and 2) nonspecific for geriatric populations. The advantages of each are discussed. The choice must be left to the rater's judgment in view of his investigative requirements.
An Ergot Alkaloid Preparation (Hydergine) in Geriatric Therapy
Authors: ROUBICEK J. , GEIGER CH. , ABT K. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT:Clinical and electroencephalographic studies of an ergot alkaloid preparation (Hydergine) were made in nonpsychotic geriatric patients. In Study I (acute and subacute), 4 persons (average age, 68.5 years) were given 0.6 mg of Hydergine by injection daily for fifteen days. Apart from slight changes in affectivity and decreases in diastolic blood pressure, no significant effects were observed. In Study II (chronic), 22 pairs of patients (average age, 78.7 years) matched in sex, age and previous occupation received by mouth 4.5 mg of Hydergine or placebo daily for three months, according to a randomization schedule under double‐blind conditions. A series of psychological and psychopathological tests were conducted. Of 21 clinical and psychological variables, 13 showed a significant improvement with Hydergine, and 2 with placebo. Statistically significant improvements with Hydergine were noted for affectivity, psychomotor activity, and for global estimation of 18 items in a behavioural and psychological rating scale. The difference between the group with improved EEGs and the non‐improved group was significantly more favourable with Hydergine than with placebo (P < 0.001). The positive type of EEG changes and the geriatric EEG in general are discussed.
Some Aspects of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Older Patients
Authors: ROGERS W. F. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT:This article is a review of pulmonary tuberculosis in older patients. Incidence, detection, clinical peculiarities and difficulties in implementing therapy are discussed. Special problems are involved in the management of pulmonary tuberculosis in the elderly, many of whom are treated at home. The administration of streptomycin combined with isoniazid in one injection offers some advantages in therapy.
Patterns of Aging in Physically and Mentally Ill Patients
Authors: MRAZEK SVATOPLUK A. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT:Fifty‐one male patients who had been in a Veterans Administration neuropsychiatric hospital for an average of almost thirteen years underwent clinical and laboratory examinations to determine the degree of change in their condition since the last admission. The average age was 63 years (range, 29–88). No consistent abnormalities were noted in blood viscosity, serum calcium or serum cholesterol. Although urinary 17‐ketosteroid excretion was not related to age, it was related (low excretion) to osteoporosis. Plasma protein electrophoresis showed no relation between total lipoproteins and age. However, 12 of the 17 alpha1 decreases and 17 of the 27 alpha2 increases were in patients over 63. Chronic brain syndrome (chiefly associated with cerebral arteriosclerosis) became the predominant diagnosis after age 63.
Folie à Deux in the Aged: Review and Case Report of Role Reversal
Authors: McNIEL JESSE N. , VERWOERDT ADRIAN , PEAK DANIEL 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT:The English literature on folie à deux in patients over 65 is reviewed, and a case in two sisters who reversed dominant and submissive roles in old age is presented. The common concept of folie à deux as an imposed entity should be de‐emphasized in favor of the concept that the preservation of a critical close relationship is the primary etiological factor in most unitary delusion systems of long duration. Apparently the syndrome is similar in both old and young, but folie‐à‐deux relationships in the elderly seem to have a particularly strong interdependent and psychotic character, with a high ratio of folie simultanée. This weak ego state should be kept in mind when planning treatment.
Hemodialysis and Renal Transplantation in Patients of the 50–80 Age Group*
Authors: BAILEY GEORGE L. , MOCELIN ALTAIR J. , GRIFFITHS HARRY J. L. , ZSCHAECK DIETRICH , GHANTOUS WALID N. , HAMPERS CONSTANTINE L. , MERRILL JOHN P. , WILSON RICHARD E. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT:Hemodialysis, renal homotransplantation, or both were employed at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital as treatment modalities for renal failure in 100 patients of the 50–80 age group. Complicating nonrenal disorders were common. Despite the infirmities of advanced age, rehabilitation was achieved in 68 per cent, and the cumulative mortality was only 31 per cent. The success of this program establishes the fact that age alone should no longer be a barrier to the use of these forms of therapy.
Aortic Resections in Retrospect*
Authors: TAHERI SYDE A. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT: Publication, more than twenty years ago, of the first report on resection with graft replacement for abdominal aortic aneurysm opened the field of aneurysmectomy for treatment of this highly lethal lesion. A review is presented of advances in abdominal aortic resection since that time. The mortality rate is constantly decreasing, the indications for the procedure are increasing, and the life expectancy of patients treated by elective aneurysmectomy is about double that of those not treated surgically.The mortality from ruptured aneurysm is still too high, and further efforts are needed. The consistent early diagnosis and treatment of all aneurysms is the key to the prevention of rupture.
Close Correlation Between Extent of Cardiac Fibrosis and Alterations in Myocardial Electrolyte Content*
Authors: LEHR DAVID , KRUKOWSKI MARILYN , FILLISTI JEANETTE , KAPLAN JANET 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT: A chemical method for the objective and fairly accurate measurement of the degree of experimental myocardial necrosis is described. The method is based on significant differences in the electrolyte composition of healthy myocardium and connective tissue, which permit estimation of the extent of myocardial fibrosis according to the degree of deviation of the myocardial electrolytes from the norm. The applicability of the method was demonstrated in studies of standardized myocardial fibrosis induced in the rat by three adrenergic amines (epinephrine, phenylephrine and isoproterenol), in which the extent of scarring observed with the naked eye and under the light microscope showed good correlation with the degree of persistent ionic shifts in the fibrotic myocardium.This simple method of estimating the degree of myocardial fibrosis by chemical means may aid in animal experimental investigations of the prevention and repair of myocardial injury. It may thus contribute to the development of therapeutic regimens for the prevention and treatment of human heart disease.
Gastric Irradiation for Complicated Peptic Ulcer in Geriatric Patients*
Authors: ANSELM KLAUS , SCHUMAN BERNARD M. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT: Thirty‐six elderly patients with complicated peptic ulcer were treated by gastric irradiation (2000 roentgens directed at the fundus). In 30 of the 36 cases there was a significant improvement in symptoms. A marked decrease of hydrochloric acid secretion was observed in the 15 tested before and after therapy.Gastric irradiation offers a safe means of treatment for complicated peptic ulcer in patients who, because of advanced age or associated disease, are poor surgical risks.
Some Aspects of Chronic Renal Failure
Authors: SALOMON MARDOQUEO I. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT:The clinical manifestations of chronic renal failure are manifold and may masquerade as either “functional” or organic symptoms unrelated to the kidney. The main complications are metabolic, cardiovascular, gastroenterologic and neurologic. The etiology and pathogenesis of chronic renal insufficiency are surveyed and general outlines of treatment are discussed.
In Support of the Natural Sociological Environment for the Elderly
Authors: ZAMPELLA A. D. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT:By emphasizing the natural aspects of the aging process and providing residence for the elderly in a homelike and cheerful environment consistent with their physical limitations, the need for early institutional confinement usually can be averted. The result is happier and more independent old people who retain dignity, self‐respect and, as long as possible, self‐sufficiency. Elderly persons need a sense of mature independence, self‐earned security in congenial surroundings, personal use of treasured possessions, full release from family responsibilities, freedom to live without regimentation or classification as aged or senile, and the assurance that medical and other facilities are readily available in a friendly atmosphere for pleasantly prolonged living.