bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lens design: optimization with Global Explorer
Authors: Isshiki Masaki 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The optimization method damped least squares method (DLS) was almost completed late in the 1960s. DLS has been overwhelming in the local optimization technology. After that, various efforts were made to seek the global optimization. They came into the world after 1990 and the Global Explorer (GE) was one of them invented by the author to find plural solutions, each of which has the local minimum of the merit function. The robustness of the designed lens is also an important factor as well as the performance of the lens; both of these requirements are balanced in the process of optimization with GE2 (the second version of GE). An idea is also proposed to modify GE2 for aspherical lens systems. A design example is shown.
Practical optimization of a coating deposition process by application of hybrid monitoring strategies in an industrial production environment
Authors: Held Mario , Wilbrandt Steffen , Stenzel Olaf , Kaiser Norbert , Tünnermann Andreas 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The applicability of broadband optical monitoring to an industrial optical coating production environment is investigated. Different monitoring strategies have been applied to the deposition of beamsplitters and longpass edge filters by electron beam evaporation without any plasma or ion assistance. While the shift and reproducibility in the optical constants were poorly specified, pure optical broadband monitoring of the coatings did not prove superior to traditional quartz crystal monitoring. On the contrary, the introduction of a hybrid monitoring strategy that combines quartz crystal and broadband optical monitoring led to significant improvements in the coating performance reproducibility compared to a pure quartz crystal monitoring approach. Accompanying computational manufacturing experiments performed for the beamsplitter design reveal the same trend.
Selection of the optimal manual method of cell free fetal DNA isolation from maternal plasma
Authors: Repiská Gabriela , Sedláčková Tatiana , Szemes Tomáš , Celec Peter , Minárik Gabriel 
Published: December 2012

Abstract

Background: The cell free fetal DNA (cffDNA) present in plasma of pregnant women represents an important alternative source of DNA for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis. Due to the low quantity and increased fragmentation of cffDNA, the choice of DNA extraction method is a crucial step for downstream analyses.

Methods: In our study, the three spin column-based kits for isolation of cffDNA [DNA Blood Mini Kit (DBM), DSP Virus Kit (DSP) and Circulating Nucleic Acid (CNA) Kit] were compared. Original and optimized protocol were used in comparison and applied in the two phases of the study.

Results: A statistically significant difference in performance of the kits was determined based on the comparison of genomic equivalents per mL (GEq/mL) values (p<0.0001). The GEq/mL of isolated DNA was significantly higher using CNA and DSP Kits than DBM Kit. The CNA Kit and DSP Kit did not significantly differ in the GEq/mL values, although all tested samples isolated with CNA Kit showed higher values.

Conclusions: According to our results the commonly used DBM Kit could be successfully replaced with CNA or DSP Kits. The replacement could be beneficial in qualitative as well quantitative tests (e.g., gender determination, aneuploidy detection) when the isolation yield limits subsequent analyses. However, there is an important decision to be made when switching DBM Kit for DSP or CNA Kits. The price of DBM Kit is two and six times lower than DSP and CNA Kits, respectively.
Production of Bio-oil from Algal Biomass and Its Up-gradation: Recent Developments
Authors: Mondal Prasenjit , Soni Nitesh Kumar 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAlgae, particularly microalgae are getting strong ground as a potential and environment friendly feedstock for biodiesel production in recent years due to its high growth rate (biomass yield) and high lipid content in some species. In the present paper the potential of algae as a feedstock for bio-oil production has been described. Mechanistic approach and optimum conditions for the algal growth as well as bio-oil production has been explained. Performance of various types of photo bioreactors has been critically analyzed to select suitable route for algal growth. Conventional methods such as mechanical and chemical extraction processes for the production of bio-oil form algal biomass have been described along with recent developments including supercritical extraction and microwave assisted processes. Various processes and catalysts for the up-gradation of bio-oil to biodiesel along with recent developments have also been described and compared. Effects of catalyst properties on the up-gradation of bio-oil have been critically analyzed for designing more efficient catalyst and consequently to improve the efficiency of the up-gradation process. Production of drop-in bio-fuel through hydrotreating of bio-oil is described. World scenario on the production of bio-fuel from algal biomass has also been provided.
An efficient one-pot multi-component synthesis of highly functionalized piperidines
Authors: Goswami Santosh V. , Thorat Prashant B. , Bhusare Sudhakar R. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
A simple, inexpensive and efficient one-pot synthesis of piperidine derivatives was achieved in excellent yield via the three-component reaction of substituted aniline, 1,3-dicarbonyl compound and aromatic aldehyde using phenylboronic acid as catalyst.
Changes in Barthel Index outcomes as result of poststroke rehabilitation using NDT-Bobath method
Authors: Mikołajewska Emilia 
Published: December 2012

AbstractPoststroke patients need effective rehabilitation because of limitations in activities of daily living (ADLs). The aim of the study was to assess the results of ADL rehabilitation of patients after ischemic stroke who underwent NDT-Bobath therapy for adults method using selected items of the Barthel Index.The investigated group consisted of 60 patients after ischemic stroke who participated in the program of rehabilitation: 10 sessions of the NDT-Bobath therapy for 2 weeks (10 days of the therapy). The measurement of the ADLs using selected items of the Barthel Index were performed in every patient on admission (before the therapy) and after the last session of the therapy to assess rehabilitation effects.Results among patients involved in the research were as follows: recovery, 30 cases (50%); no measurable changes, two cases (3.33%); relapse, not stated.Observed statistically significant and favorable changes in the health status of patients, described by Barthel Index outcomes, confirm the effectiveness of the NDT-Bobath method.
Placenta accreta and the risk of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes
Authors: Balayla Jacques , Bondarenko Helen Davis 
Published: December 2012

Abstract

Objective: Placenta accreta is an increasingly prevalent and potentially dangerous complication of pregnancy. Although most studies on the subject have addressed the risk factors for the development of this condition, evidence on maternal and neonatal outcomes for these pregnancies is scarce. The objective of the present study is to compile current evidence with regard to risk factors as well as adverse outcomes associated with placenta accreta.

Methods: We conducted a complete literature review using PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Database Reviews, UptoDate, DocGuide, as well as Google scholar and textbook literature for all articles on placenta accreta, and any one of the following keywords: “risk factors”, “maternal outcomes”, “neonatal outcomes”, “morbidity”, and “mortality”. Individual case reports were excluded.

Results: We reviewed 34 studies conducted between 1977 and 2012. A total number of 508,617 deliveries were studied, with 865 cases of confirmed placenta accreta (average pooled incidence=1/588). The development of placenta accreta appears to be most strongly predicted by a history of cesarean section, low-lying placenta/previa, in vitro fertilization pregnancy, as well as elevated second-trimester levels of α-fetoprotein and β-human chorionic gonadotropin. The most significant maternal outcomes include the need for postpartum transfusion due to hemorrhage and peripartum hysterectomy. Maternal mortality remains rare but significantly higher than among matched, postpartum controls. Important neonatal outcomes include preterm birth, low birth weight, small for gestational age, and reduced 5-min Apgar scores. Whether the need for neonatal intensive care unit admission and steroid administration is iatrogenic and whether an increased risk of perinatal mortality is a clinically significant and independent outcome remain controversial.

Conclusion: Although there is a significant shortage of studies on the subject, it appears that placenta accreta is associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes, some of which may be life threatening. Prenatal diagnosis and adequate planning, particularly in high-risk populations, may be indicated for the reduction of these adverse outcomes.
Zwei Methoden zur ereignisbasierten Regelung gekoppelter Systeme und ihre experimentelle Erprobung
Authors: Stöcker Christian , Lunze Jan , Ngo Chuong 
Published: December 2012

Zusammenfassung
Das Ziel der ereignisbasierten Regelung ist die Verringerung des Kommunikationsaufwands innerhalb eines Regelkreises, indem die Rückführung nur dann geschlossen wird, wenn ein Ereignis eine hinreichend große Regelabweichung anzeigt. In diesem Beitrag werden Bedingungen für die Struktur einer ereignisbasierten Regelung gekoppelter Systeme angegeben, unter denen das Verhalten des ereignisbasierten Regelkreises nur beschränkt von dem eines kontinuierlichen Regelkreises abweicht. Davon ausgehend werden zwei neue Methoden zur verteilten und dezentralen ereignisbasierten Regelung gekoppelter Systeme vorgestellt. Beide Ansätze werden in Simulationen und Experimenten an einem thermofluiden Prozess erprobt.
Prognostic Tests in Term Neonates With Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy: A Systematic Review
Authors: van Laerhoven Henriette , de Haan Timo R. , Offringa Martin , Post Bart , van der Lee Johanna H. 
Published: December 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) after perinatal asphyxia in term neonates causes long-term neurologic sequelae or death. A reliable evidence-based prognosis is essential. The study goal was to investigate the prognostic value of currently used clinical tests in neonatal patients with perinatal asphyxia and HIE.

METHODS:
Searches were made on MEDLINE, Embase, Central, and CINAHL for studies occurring between January 1980 and November 2011. Studies were included if they (1) evaluated outcome in term infants with perinatal asphyxia and HIE, (2) evaluated prognostic tests, and (3) reported outcome at a minimal follow-up age of 18 months. Study selection, assessment of methodologic quality, and data extraction were performed by 3 independent reviewers. Pooled sensitivities and specificities of investigated tests were calculated when possible.

RESULTS:
Of the 259 relevant studies, 29 were included describing 13 prognostic tests conducted 1631 times in 1306 term neonates. A considerable heterogeneity was noted in test performance, cut-off values, and outcome measures. The most promising tests were amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (sensitivity 0.93, [95% confidence interval 0.78–0.98]; specificity 0.90 [0.60–0.98]), EEG (sensitivity 0.92 [0.66–0.99]; specificity 0.83 [0.64–0.93]), and visual evoked potentials (sensitivity 0.90 [0.74–0.97]; specificity 0.92 [0.68–0.98]). In imaging, diffusion weighted MRI performed best on specificity (0.89 [0.62–0.98]) and T1/T2-weighted MRI performed best on sensitivity (0.98 [0.80–1.00]). Magnetic resonance spectroscopy demonstrated a sensitivity of 0.75 (0.26–0.96) with poor specificity (0.58 [0.23–0.87]).

CONCLUSIONS:
This evidence suggests an important role for amplitude-integrated electroencephalography, EEG, visual evoked potentials, and diffusion weighted and conventional MRI. Given the heterogeneity in the tests’ performance and outcomes studied, well-designed large prospective studies are needed.
Trends in Survival Among Children With Down Syndrome in 10 Regions of the United States
Authors: Kucik James E. , Shin Mikyong , Siffel Csaba , Marengo Lisa , Correa Adolfo ,   for the Congenital Anomaly Multistate Prevalence and Survival Collaborative
Published: December 2012

OBJECTIVE:
This study examined changes in survival among children with Down syndrome (DS) by race/ethnicity in 10 regions of the United States. A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 16 506 infants with DS delivered during 1983–2003 and identified by 10 US birth defects monitoring programs. Kaplan-Meier survival probabilities were estimated by select demographic and clinical characteristics. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) were estimated for maternal and infant characteristics by using Cox proportional hazard models.

RESULTS:
The overall 1-month and 1-, 5-, and 20-year survival probabilities were 98%, 93%, 91%, and 88%, respectively. Over the study period, neonatal survival did not improve appreciably, but survival at all other ages improved modestly. Infants of very low birth weight had 24 times the risk of dying in the neonatal period compared with infants of normal birth weight (aHR 23.8; 95% confidence interval [CI] 18.4–30.7). Presence of a heart defect increased the risk of death in the postneonatal period nearly fivefold (aHR 4.6; 95% CI 3.9–5.4) and continued to be one of the most significant predictors of mortality through to age 20. The postneonatal aHR among non-Hispanic blacks was 1.4 (95% CI 1.2–1.8) compared with non-Hispanic whites and remained elevated by age 10 (2.0; 95% CI 1.0–4.0).

CONCLUSIONS:
The survival of children born with DS has improved and racial disparities in infant survival have narrowed. However, compared with non-Hispanic white children, non-Hispanic black children have lower survival beyond infancy. Congenital heart defects are a significant risk factor for mortality through age twenty.
Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells Possess the Characteristics of Pericytes
Authors: Iwasaki Kengo , Komaki Motohiro , Yokoyama Naoki , Tanaka Yuichi , Taki Atsuko , Kimura Yasuyuki , Takeda Masaki , Oda Shigeru , Izumi Yuichi , Morita Ikuo 
Published: December 2012

Background: Periodontal ligament (PDL) contributes to maintaining homeostasis in periodontal tissues by supplying stem/progenitor cells. It has long been suggested that PDL stem cells/progenitors are located around blood vessels. Recently mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been isolated and cultured from PDL in vitro, although the location of the stem cells in PDL is unclear. The purpose of this study is to test the characteristics of human PDL stem cells (PDLSCs) and examine their similarity to related vascular cell types, such as pericytes and endothelial cells.Methods: PDLSCs were obtained from healthy extracted teeth using the collagenase/dispase enzyme digestion method. MSC and pericyte characteristics of PDLSCs were examined by cell surface marker expression using flow cytometry. The expression of pericyte markers was tested using immunohistochemistry. Pericyte‐like functions of PDLSCs were examined in co‐culture of PDLSCs and umbilical vein endothelial cells on a gel matrix.Results: Cultured PDLSCs were positive for both MSC markers and pericyte markers, including cluster of differentiation 146 (CD146), neural/glial antigen 2 (NG2), and CD140b. When pericyte marker expression was explored in rat periodontal tissue sections, CD146‐ and NG2‐positive signals were observed in the perivascular area of the PDL. Further, when the cells were cultured with human umbilical cord endothelial cells under conditions for forming capillary‐like structures in vitro, PDLSCs localized adjacent to endothelial cells and contributed to the stability of the capillary‐like structure.Conclusions: PDLSCs possess pericyte‐like characteristics and may localize as pericytes in the PDL. These data provide useful information for stem cell biology in periodontal research and stem cell–based periodontal therapy.
Impaired Fasting Plasma Glucose and Type 2 Diabetes Are Related to the Risk of Out-of-Hospital Sudden Cardiac Death and All-Cause Mortality
Authors: Laukkanen Jari A. , Mäkikallio Timo H. , Ronkainen Kimmo , Karppi Jouni , Kurl Sudhir 
Published: December 2012

OBJECTIVE
The aim of the study was to determine whether impaired fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and type 2 diabetes may be risk factors for sudden cardiac death (SCD).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This prospective study was based on 2,641 middle-aged men 42–60 years of age at baseline. Impaired FPG level (≥5.6 mmol/L) among nondiabetic subjects (501 men) was defined according to the established guidelines, and the group with type 2 diabetes included subjects (159 men) who were treated with oral hypoglycemic agents, insulin therapy, and/or diet.

RESULTS
During the 19-year follow-up, a total of 190 SCDs occurred. The relative risk (RR) for SCD was 1.51-fold (95% CI 1.07–2.14, P = 0.020) for nondiabetic men with impaired FPG and 2.86-fold (1.87–4.38, P &lt; 0.001) for men with type 2 diabetes as compared with men with normal FPG levels, after adjustment for age, BMI, systolic blood pressure, serum LDL cholesterol, smoking, prevalent coronary heart disease (CHD), and family history of CHD. The respective RRs for out-of-hospital SCDs (157 deaths) were 1.79-fold (1.24–2.58, P = 0.001) for nondiabetic men with impaired FPG and 2.26-fold (1.34–3.77, P &lt; 0.001) for men with type 2 diabetes. Impaired FPG and type 2 diabetes were associated with the risk of all-cause death. As a continuous variable, a 1 mmol/L increment in FPG was related to an increase of 10% in the risk of SCD (1.10 [1.04–1.20], P = 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
Impaired FPG and type 2 diabetes represent risk factors for SCD.
Variation in Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Among Hospital Discharges for Obstetric Delivery Across 23 States in the United States
Authors: Bardenheier Barbara H. , Elixhauser Anne , Imperatore Giuseppina , Devlin Heather M. , Kuklina Elena V. , Geiss Linda S. , Correa Adolfo 
Published: December 2012

OBJECTIVE
To examine variability in diagnosed gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) prevalence at delivery by race/ethnicity and state.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We used data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Databases for 23 states of the United States with available race/ethnicity data for 2008 to examine age-adjusted and race-adjusted rates of GDM by state. We used multilevel analysis to examine factors that explain the variability in GDM between states.

RESULTS
Age-adjusted and race-adjusted GDM rates (per 100 deliveries) varied widely between states, ranging from 3.47 in Utah to 7.15 in Rhode Island. Eighty-six percent of the variability in GDM between states was explained as follows: 14.7% by age; 11.8% by race/ethnicity; 5.9% by insurance; and 2.9% by interaction between race/ethnicity and insurance at the individual level; 17.6% by hospital level factors; 27.4% by the proportion of obese women in the state; 4.3% by the proportion of Hispanic women aged 15–44 years in the state; and 1.5% by the proportion of white non-Hispanic women aged 15–44 years in the state.

CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest that GDM rates differ by state, with this variation attributable to differences in obesity at the population level (or “at the state level”), age, race/ethnicity, hospital, and insurance.
Intimate Partner Violence and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in Women
Authors: Mason Susan M. , Wright Rosalind J. , Hibert Eileen N. , Spiegelman Donna , Jun Hee-Jin , Hu Frank B. , Rich-Edwards Janet W. 
Published: December 2012

OBJECTIVEWe sought to estimate the association between intimate partner violence, a prevalent psychosocial stressor, and the incidence of type 2 diabetes in women.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSIn 2001, 68,376 Nurses’ Health Study II participants answered questions on physical, sexual, and psychological intimate partner violence in adulthood (age ≥18 years) and reported the years in which any abuse occurred. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate the associations between intimate partner violence exposures and incidence of type 2 diabetes from 2001 to 2007. We also estimated effects of duration and time since intimate partner violence on type 2 diabetes incidence.RESULTSOf 68,376 respondents, 64,732 met inclusion criteria at the 2001 baseline; of these, 23% reported lifetime physical intimate partner violence, 11% reported lifetime sexual intimate partner violence, and 8% reported moderate and &lt;2% reported severe psychological intimate partner violence. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for type 2 diabetes, adjusted for potential confounders, were 1.18 (1.00–1.39) and 1.08 (0.86–1.35) for more than one lifetime episode of physical and sexual intimate partner violence, respectively, and 1.78 (1.21–2.61) for severe psychological abuse. Addition of updated BMI and other diabetes risk factors reduced the physical intimate partner violence HR to 1.12 (0.94–1.33) and the psychological intimate partner violence HR to 1.61 (1.09–2.38).CONCLUSIONSPhysical intimate partner violence is modestly associated with incidence of type 2 diabetes in this population. Severe psychological violence may substantially increase type 2 diabetes risk.
Impact of Restricted Maternal Weight Gain on Fetal Growth and Perinatal Morbidity in Obese Women With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Ásbjörnsdóttir Björg , Rasmussen Signe S. , Kelstrup Louise , Damm Peter , Mathiesen Elisabeth R. 
Published: December 2012

OBJECTIVE
Since January 2008, obese women with type 2 diabetes were advised to gain 0–5 kg during pregnancy. The aim with this study was to evaluate fetal growth and perinatal morbidity in relation to gestational weight gain in these women.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A retrospective cohort comprised the records of 58 singleton pregnancies in obese women (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) with type 2 diabetes giving birth between 2008 and 2011. Birth weight was evaluated by SD z score to adjust for gestational age and sex.

RESULTS
Seventeen women (29%) gained ≤5 kg, and the remaining 41 gained &gt;5 kg. The median (range) gestational weight gains were 3.7 kg (−4.7 to 5 kg) and 12.1 kg (5.5–25.5 kg), respectively. Prepregnancy BMI was 33.5 kg/m2 (30–53 kg/m2) vs. 36.8 kg/m2 (30–48 kg/m2), P = 0.037, and median HbA1c was 6.7% at first visit in both groups and decreased to 5.7 and 6.0%, P = 0.620, in late pregnancy, respectively. Gestational weight gain ≤5 kg was associated with lower birth weight z score (P = 0.008), lower rates of large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infants (12 vs. 39%, P = 0.041), delivery closer to term (268 vs. 262 days, P = 0.039), and less perinatal morbidity (35 vs. 71%, P = 0.024) compared with pregnancies with maternal weight gain &gt;5 kg.

CONCLUSIONS
In this pilot study in obese women with type 2 diabetes, maternal gestational weight gain ≤5 kg was associated with a more proportionate birth weight and less perinatal morbidity.