bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning at university
Authors: Huxley Gervas , Peacey Mike W. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMuch of the economic literature on education models the process of acquiring human capital as a “black box.” While such models have many interesting uses, they are of little use when a student is considering how much teaching she needs and how her time at university is allocated between study and attending class. Considering such questions requires us to “open up” the black box. Our paper shows what one such model would look like by explicitly modeling how students choose to learn. We believe that this framework can inform the current debate about teaching in higher education.
Landscape‐scale predictions of future grassland conversion to cropland or development
Authors: Barnes Kevin W. , Niemuth Neal D. , Iovanna Rich 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGrassland conservation planning often focuses on high‐risk landscapes, but many grassland conversion models are not designed to optimize conservation planning because they lack multidimensional risk assessments and are misaligned with ecological and conservation delivery scales. To aid grassland conservation planning, we developed landscape‐scale models at relevant scales that predict future (2021–2031) total and proportional loss of unprotected grassland to cropland or development. We developed models for 20 ecoregions across the contiguous United States by relating past conversion (2011–2021) to a suite of covariates in random forest regression models and applying the models to contemporary covariates to predict future loss. Overall, grassland loss models performed well, and explanatory power varied spatially across ecoregions (total loss model: weighted group mean R2 = 0.89 [range: 0.83–0.96], root mean squared error [RMSE] = 9.29 ha [range: 2.83–22.77 ha]; proportional loss model: weighted group mean R2 = 0.74 [range: 0.64–0.87], RMSE = 0.03 [range: 0.02–0.06]). Amount of crop in the landscape and distance to cities, ethanol plants, and concentrated animal feeding operations had high variable importance in both models. Total grass loss was greater when there were moderate amounts of grass, crop, or development (∼50%) in the landscape. Proportional grass loss was greater when there was less grass (∼<30%) and more crop or development (∼>50%). Some variables had a large effect on only a subset of ecoregions, for example, grass loss was greater when ∼>70% of the landscape was enrolled in the Conservation Reserve Program. Our methods provide a simple and flexible approach for developing risk layers well suited for conservation that can be extended globally. Our conversion models can support conservation planning by enabling prioritization as a function of risk that can be further optimized by incorporating biological value and cost.
Photopatch testing: Clinical characteristics, test results, and final diagnoses from the North American Contact Dermatitis Group, 2009–2020
Authors: DeLeo Vincent A. , Adler Brandon L. , Belsito Donald V. , Pratt Melanie D. , Sasseville Denis , Reeder Margo J. , Warshaw Erin M. , Atwater Amber R. , Taylor James S. , Storrs Frances , Marks James G. , DeKoven Joel G. , Silverberg Jonathan , Yu JiaDe , Botto Nina , Houle Marie‐Claude , Mowad Christen M. , Dunnick Cory A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundPhotoallergic contact dermatitis (PACD) is a delayed hypersensitivity reaction to allergens only in the presence of ultraviolet radiation in sunlight. Photopatch testing (PhotoPT) is necessary to confirm the diagnosis of PACD. There are few published studies of PhotoPT in North America.ObjectiveTo summarise the results of patients photopatch tested by members of the North American Contact Dermatitis Group (NACDG), 2009–2020.MethodsRetrospective analysis of patient characteristics and PhotoPT results to 32 allergens on the NACDG Photopatch Test Series.ResultsMost of the 454 tested patients were female (70.3%), 21–60 years old (66.7%) and White (66.7%). There were a total of 119 positive photopatch tests. Sunscreen agents comprised 88.2% of those, with benzophenones responsible for over half of them. Final diagnoses included PACD in 17.2%, allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in 44.5%, polymorphous light eruption (PMLE) in 18.9% and chronic actinic dermatitis (CAD) in 9.0% of patients.ConclusionsIn 454 patients with suspected photosensitivity referred for photopatch testing in North America, approximately one‐fifth had PACD. Sunscreen agents, especially benzophenones, were the most common photoallergens. Other common diagnoses included ACD, PMLE and CAD. Photopatch testing is an important tool for differentiating these conditions.
Management lessons from a long‐term captive‐breeding program for a critically endangered species, Leadbeater's possum, Gymnobelideus leadbeateri
Authors: Steventon Chloe , Wicker Leanne , Dobson Elizabeth , Legione Alistair , Devlin Joanne , Harley Dan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLeadbeater's possums (Gymnobelideus leadbeateri) are a critically endangered marsupial found in a restricted area of cold, wet forest in South‐Eastern Australia. The majority of Leadbeater's possums inhabit highland forest, with one outlying lowland population. In 2012, a breeding program was established for the lowland Leadbeater's possums when this genetically distinct population faced imminent extinction. Successful reproduction by highland Leadbeater's possums in the international zoo‐based population between 1970 and 2010 led to the widespread belief that the species bred readily in captivity. Lowland possums have not bred in the 2012–2021 contemporary captive conservation breeding program. This study reviewed the historic captive‐breeding data and found that of the 84% (162/194) that reached reproductive maturity; 37% of males (n = 30) and 39.5% of females (n = 32) bred, and this success was highly skewed towards a subset of highly fecund individuals (14% of females and 15% of males produced 75% and 80% of all offspring). Although lack of reproductive output in the captive lowland animals could be explained if age at mortality was lower than that of highlands possums, comparison of the longevity of highland and lowland animals had no significant difference. Conservation objectives that specify how captive breeding may support in situ recovery of wild populations are integral to the success of captive programs. A lack of reflective analysis of past husbandry records allowed misconceptions of success and approaches implemented in the management of the breeding program, reducing the benefits for the conservation of this high profile threatened species. This case study provides a lesson for the management of conservation breeding programs and illustrates the importance of well‐defined conservation objectives, integration of in situ and ex situ strategies, and the importance of objective, systematic and timely analysis of available evidence to inform management objectives and improve conservation outcomes in real time.
Predicting progression‐free survival from measurable residual disease in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Tettamanti Florencia A. , Kimko Holly , Sharma Shringi , Di Veroli Giovanni 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAssociation between measurable residual disease (MRD) and survival outcomes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has often been reported. However, limited quantitative analyses over large datasets have been undertaken to establish the predictive power of MRD. Here, we provide a comprehensive assessment of published MRD data to explore the utility of MRD in the prediction of progression‐free survival (PFS). We undertook two independent analyses, which leveraged available published data to address two complimentary questions. In the first, data from eight clinical trials was modeled via a meta‐regression approach, showing that median PFS can be predicted from undetectable MRD rates at 3–6 months of post‐treatment. The resulting model can be used to predict the probability of technical success of a planned clinical trial in chemotherapy. In the second, we investigated the evidence for predicting PFS from competing MRD metrics, for example baseline value and instantaneous MRD value, via a joint modeling approach. Using data from four small studies, we found strong evidence that including MRD metrics in joint models improves predictions of PFS compared with not including them. This analysis suggests that incorporating MRD is likely to better inform individual progression predictions. It is therefore proposed that systematic MRD collection should be accompanied by modeling to generate algorithms that inform patients' progression.
Can the THC concentration predict the number of patients with cannabis‐related diagnoses?
Authors: Manthey Jakob , Rosenkranz Moritz , Jonas Benjamin , Schwarzkopf Larissa 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe use of high‐potency cannabis products is associated with an increased risk of mental disorders. This study investigates whether the rising THC concentration in Germany is associated with an increase in cannabis‐related diagnoses.MethodsThe number of insured persons with at least one cannabis‐related ICD‐10 F12 diagnosis (e.g., harmful use, dependence) in outpatient care was provided by statutory health insurance funds between 2009 and 2021. The dependent variable is the ratio of (a) the number of insured persons with at least one F12 diagnosis to (b) all insured persons who have used cannabis in the last year. Information on THC concentration in cannabis flower was provided by law enforcement agencies. Using generalised mixed linear models, the dependent variable was predicted by the median THC concentration in cannabis flower.ResultsThe regression results show that an increase in THC concentration by one percentage point is significantly associated with an increase in the proportion of diagnoses (women: +0.17; men: +0.42). THC concentration positively predicted the proportion of diagnoses in all 16 federal states for men and in 15 federal states for women.Discussion and ConclusionsCompared to low‐potency products, using high‐potency products may pose additional health risks, which may be particularly pronounced in men. Acknowledging the limitations of the ecological study design and uncertainties inherent to the analysed data, further investigations on the sex‐specific impact of THC exposure are required. Limiting the THC concentration in cannabis products and closely monitoring THC consumption in the population appears necessary.
Characteristics of consumers of alcohol‐free and low‐alcohol drinks in Great Britain: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Perman‐Howe Parvati R. , Holmes John , Brown Jamie , Kersbergen Inge 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe impact of alcohol‐free and low‐alcohol (no/lo) drinks on public health and health inequalities depends on who consumes them and how they are consumed. This study aimed to estimate: (i) the proportions of adults in Great Britain who consume no/lo drinks at different frequencies and in different settings; and (ii) the associations between no/lo drink consumption and individual characteristics.MethodPooled data (N = 7691) from four waves of a repeat cross‐sectional survey on alcohol use completed in 2022–2023 by adults (16+) resident in Great Britain were analysed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression models.ResultsIn all, 31.3% of adults reported ever consuming no/lo drinks and 9.8% reported drinking them weekly. Ever consumption of no/lo drinks was associated with: being an increasing risk drinker of alcohol relative to not drinking (ORadj: 3.96, 95% CI 3.27–4.80), being aged 16–24 compared with 65+ (ORadj:1.29, 95% CI 1.07–1.57), having previously smoked compared with having never smoked (ORadj:1.19, 95% CI 1.05–1.34) and living in a rural rather than urban area (ORadj:1.14, 95% CI 1.00–1.29). It was less likely among those in lower social grades or with lower educational qualifications; those living in Yorkshire and the Humber, and Scotland, compared with the South‐East of England; and those using nicotine products.Discussion and ConclusionsA third of adults in Great Britain have consumed no/lo drinks and approximately one in 10 do so weekly. Consumption is more common among riskier drinkers of alcohol and among more advantaged social groups, which may contribute to the sustaining or widening of health inequalities.
Long‐term safety and efficacy of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists in individuals with obesity and without type 2 diabetes: A global retrospective cohort study
Authors: Huang Yu‐Nan , Liao Wen‐Ling , Huang Jing‐Yang , Lin Yu‐Jung , Yang Shun‐Fa , Huang Chieh‐Chen , Wang Chung‐Hsing , Su Pen‐Hua 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimWe aimed to investigate the long‐term impact of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1 RAs) on thyroid function, cardiovascular health, renal outcomes and adverse events in individuals with obesity and without type 2 diabetes (T2D).Materials and MethodsIn this observational cohort study, we used propensity score matching to construct comparable cohorts of individuals with obesity and without T2D who were new to GLP‐1 RA treatment and those who did not receive glucose‐lowering medications. In total, 3,729,925 individuals with obesity were selected from the TriNetX Global Network, with an index event between 1 January 2016 and 31 March 2024. The primary outcomes were safety, cardiovascular, thyroid and clinical biochemical profile outcomes occurring within 5 years following the index event.ResultsAfter propensity score matching, the study included 12,123 individuals in each group. GLP‐1 RA treatment was associated with a significantly lower risk of all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio 0.23; 95% confidence interval 0.15–0.34) and several cardiovascular complications, including ischaemic heart disease, heart failure, arrhythmias, hypertension, stroke and atrial fibrillation (all p < 0.05). GLP‐1 RAs were also associated with a lower risk of acute kidney injury and allergic reactions. These protective effects were consistent across various subgroups and regions.ConclusionsIn this large observational study, GLP‐1 RAs showed long‐term protective effects on cardiovascular health, renal outcomes and adverse events in individuals with obesity and without T2D. Our findings suggest that GLP‐1 RAs may offer a comprehensive approach to managing obesity and its related comorbidities, potentially improving overall health and survival in this population.
Spatial distribution of Azospirillum brasilense in 2D flow cell: Effect of irrigation and inoculation regimes
Authors: Chen Fengxian , Ronen Zeev , Arye Gilboa 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRecent advances in the use of plant growth‐promoting bacteria (PGPB) have highlighted their potential to significantly enhance crop yield and plant health. In desert areas with sandy soil, employing drip irrigation systems to inoculate PGPB serves as an efficient method that saves both time and labour. This study examined the absorption, transport and spatial distribution of two strains of Azospirillum brasilense (Sp7 and Cd) under two‐dimension (2D) unsaturated transient water flow. We used sand as a substitute for sandy soil and evaluated bacterial surface characteristics, adsorption isotherms and transport under different irrigation and inoculation regimes. The research determined that, owing to its smaller size and lower adsorption, A. brasilense Cd exhibited enhanced mobility and occupied an inoculated area 33% larger than that of A. brasilense Sp7. Moreover, subsurface drip irrigation (SSDI) exhibited a 29% higher inoculation area than surface drip irrigation (SDI). The sequence of introducing PGPB suspension and irrigation water impacted the distribution, particularly for A. brasilense Sp7. The attachment/detachment numerical model adequately described the 2D bacterial distribution (R2 ranged from 0.75 to 0.99), providing a useful tool for predicting bacterial distribution in soils and optimizing agricultural practices to enhance crop productivity. Overall, smaller bacteria, SSDI inoculation and inoculation before irrigation could enhance the extent of inoculation. This study provides novel insights into optimizing PGPB inoculation strategies in agricultural settings, highlighting the importance of considering bacterial physical properties, irrigation techniques and inoculation sequences to improve PGPB distribution within the rhizosphere.
Efficacy of steroid therapy for improving native liver survival after pediatric acute liver failure with immune activation
Authors: Oue Hiroshi , Hiejima Eitaro , Okajima Hideaki , Okamoto Tatsuya , Ogawa Eri , Uebayashi Elena Yukie , Hatano Etsuro , Suga Takenori , Hanami Yotaro , Ashina Kazushige , Kai Shinichi , Sogo Tsuyoshi , Inui Ayano , Matsubara Takeshi , Sakai Kaoru , Yanagita Motoko , Haga Hironori , Minamiguchi Sachiko , Yamada Yosuke , Nihira Hiroshi , Izawa Kazushi , Yasumi Takahiro , Takita Junko 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimRecent evidence suggests that acute liver failure (ALF) in some patients may reflect a dysregulated immune response, and that corticosteroids improve survival of the native liver in ALF patients with high serum alanine aminotransferase levels, which are an indication of liver inflammation. However, it is unclear whether steroids are effective for pediatric acute liver failure (PALF). The aim of this retrospective case–control study is to examine whether steroid therapy for PALF accompanied by immune activation improves the survival of native liver and to identify factors that predict responses to steroid treatment.MethodsOf 38 patients with PALF treated at Kyoto University Hospital from February 2006 to August 2022, 19 receiving steroids who met the specific criteria for identifying the pathophysiology of immune activity in the liver (the “Steroid group”), and seven steroid‐free patients who also met the criteria (“Nonsteroid group”) were enrolled. Patients in the “Steroid group” were categorized as “responders” or “nonresponders” according to treatment outcome. Clinical and histological data were analyzed.ResultsSurvival of the native liver in the Steroid group was significantly higher than that in the Nonsteroid group (68% vs. 0%, respectively; p = 0.0052). Nonresponders were significantly younger, with higher Model for End‐stage Liver Disease and pediatric end‐stage liver disease scores, higher prothrombin time – international normalized ratio, and higher serum ferritin levels than responders. Massive hepatic necrosis was more common in nonresponders.ConclusionSteroid therapy is effective for PALF patients with liver inflammation; however, liver transplantation should be prioritized for young children with ALF accompanied by severe coagulopathy or massive hepatic necrosis.
Energetic and Tense Arousal as Drivers of Willingness to Buy: Mediating Effects of Visual Attention
Authors: Ladeira Wagner , Gandolfi Peterson Elizandro , Tana Warlei , Gonçalves Carlos Alberto , Bertarini Pedro Luiz Lima , Santini Fernando de Oliveira , Azhar Mohd , Amaral Laurence Rodrigues do , Gomes Matheus de Souza 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTThis research aims to analyze the effects of orthogonal arousal systems (energetic vs. tense) on willingness to buy. We conducted two experimental studies using eye‐tracking technologies. This article introduces the measurement of arousal effects through visual cognitive processing. This approach demonstrates that energetic and tense arousal interferes with the gaze‐cascade impact differently. The results indicate that energetic arousal generates a higher willingness to buy than tense arousal. Furthermore, the relationship between arousal and willingness to buy is mediated by shelf attention and visual product comparison. This study is significant for scholars and marketers as it demonstrates that consumers with high levels of energetic arousal can process more information and compare different products than consumers with high levels of tense arousal.
Investigation of the dehydration and rehydration behavior of osmotic pretreated paneer slices (Indian cottage cheese) and its modeling approach
Authors: Arulkumar M. , Karpoora Sundara Pandian N. , Murugan B. , Eyarkai Nambi V. , Sivaranjani S. , Yogeshwari R. , Baskaran D. , Ganga Kishore S. , Pandiselvam R. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe study aimed to investigate the impact of the osmotic effect on the drying and rehydration of paneer. The paneer slices were pre‐treated with salt at seven different concentrations and surface treatments. The osmotic solution and product ratio was taken as 1:4 and the pretreatment time was fixed as 12 h. Weight loss (WL), solute gain (SG), and weight reduction (WR) of paneer were evaluated during osmotic pretreatment. The pretreated paneer was dried at 50°C in a tray dryer. The equilibrium moisture content of dried slices varied from 14.12% to 15.86% and the moisture diffusivity of the osmotic treated samples had a better result with maximum value of 4.76 × 10−8 m2/s. The osmotic pretreatment minimized the drying time of paneer. The Midilli model revealed the best fit for drying paneer slices with R2 value >.99. Rehydration was carried out at three different temperatures at 4, 28, and 100°C. The samples rehydrated at 28°C showed better results in terms of the rehydration ratio with a maximal value of 1.85. In model investigation, the Peleg, Exponential, and Weibull model was found good fit for samples rehydrated at 4, 28, and 100°C. The osmotic pretreatment impacted positively on the quality matrices such as color retention, drying time, nutritional profile, and rehydration ratio of paneer slices. However, the higher osmotic pretreatments above 12% recorded unacceptable salty flavor.Practical applicationsThe stability of paneer is limited and it requires refrigeration facility to store the paneer which is a frailty factor in supply chain cycle of dairy industries. In current practices, the high‐cost freeze drying technique was used to dry the paneer to make as shelf stable. The conventional drying techniques would not suit for drying the paneer, that alters the characteristics of paneer. The research findings will improve the characteristics of dried paneer in conventional dryer and hence, it is viable to make the shelf stable paneer at low cost. This research would make an alternative approach to manufacture the shelf stable and ready to eat paneer.