bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconstruire la philosophie africaine: à la recherche des lieux d’ancrage d’une pensée du futur
Authors: Kavwahirehi Kasereka 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This article aims to restart the debate regarding the social function of philosophy that was instigated in the 1970s by Olabiyi B. Yaï, Paulin Hountondji, Prosper Laleye and, more recently, by Ngoma-Binda. The article argues that if this debate is to be resurrected in the present, it must be done so by reconstructing African philosophy as social research and as an exploration of the possibilities inscribed within African reality. If African philosophy wants to have something relevant to say about contemporary social problems and contribute to the opening up of new futures, it must be built on social practices through which people may express their hopes and suffering as well as engage in re-imagining the future. What is required is an authenticity of philosophical practice in the struggle for emancipatory democracy and social justice. This is especially true where philosophy is said to be meaningful only when it is understood as a practice in a given context that it shapes at the same time as it is shaped by it. Thus, to reconstruct African philosophy is to revitalize it through contact with everyday life where the subject encounters his or her history. To reconstruct African philosophy is to confront it with the challenge of the ordinary where one’s relationship with the world and others is rediscovered.
Le présent article a pour visée de reprendre le débat sur l’utilité sociale de la philosophie africaine soulevé naguère par Olabiyi B. Yaï, Paulin Hountondji, Prosper Laleye et, plus récemment, par Ngoma Binda. Il soutient que ce débat doit être repris aujourd’hui en termes de reconstruction de la philosophie africaine comme recherche sociale et exploration des possibles inscrits dans la réalité africaine. Si la philosophie africaine veut avoir quelque chose de pertinent à dire sur les problèmes contemporains et contribuer à ouvrir les horizons du futur, elle doit avoir comme point de départ les pratiques sociales à travers lesquelles les peuples africains expriment leur souffrance et leur espoir social, et s’engagent dans la ré-imagination du futur à construire. Il s’agit ici d’une exigence d’authenticité de la pratique philosophique en temps de lutte pour la démocratie comme processus d’émancipation et pour la justice sociale, surtout si l’on accepte que la philosophie n’a de consistance que d’être un acte accompli en situation, modifiant celle-ci dans sa structure tout comme il est informé par elle. Ainsi, reconstruire la philosophie africaine, c’est lui donner un nouvel élan au contact avec le quotidien, où le sujet fait la rencontre avec son histoire; c’est recommencer la philosophie à l’épreuve de l’ordinaire, où l’on apprend à ressaisir nos liens avec le monde et les autres.
The singer of pain: Suffering and subversion in the poetry of Sando Marteau
Authors: Rettová Alena 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Sando Marteau is a Swahiliphone performing artist who lives in Lubumbashi, DRC. This article places the artist within the tradition of Swahili poetry, yet outside of what it calls ‘strung-pearl aesthetics’, on which much so-called traditional Swahili poetry is predicated. This aesthetics projects a rigid prosodic structure upon poetic speech, whereby the formal arrangement of language corresponds to an equally harmonious and pleasing ordering of tropes and ideas. Swahili poetry that does not form part of the classical canon challenges these poetic norms and the intellectual frameworks embedded in such poetry. Congolese Swahili poetry, in particular, invariably falls outside of its poetic and philosophical rhythms. Here, the subversive tendencies in the lyrics of Sando Marteau are exposed. The intellectual attitude that informs the subversive potential of artist Sando Marteau’s poetry is his existentialist orientation. Instrumental to subversion are the poet’s troubling depictions of suffering. Suffering is the force that opposes culture’s inherently totalizing tendencies. Suffering also reminds us to question dominant paradigms of thought and political organization. Conversely, the act of subversion keeps suffering raw and live, and prevents its easy subsumption under an essentialist notion that might render it tolerable, numbed or perhaps even commendable (heroic).
Sando Marteau est un artiste musicien qui vit à Lubumbashi, RDC. Cet article situe l’artiste dans la tradition de la poésie swahili, mais en dehors de ce qu’il appelle ‘l’esthétique de perles enfilées’, qui structure la plupart de la poésie swahili dite traditionnelle. Cette esthétique projette une structure rigide prosodique sur la parole poétique, en établissant une correspondance entre l’arrangement formel du langage et l’ordre également harmonieux et agréable de tropes et d’idées. La poésie swahili, quand elle ne ressort pas de ce canon classique, pose un défi à ces normes poétiques et aux cadres intellectuels qui y sont intégrés. La poésie swahili congolaise, en particulier, ne se conforme pas aux rythmes poétiques et philosophiques de la poésie swahili classique. Cet article met en exergue les tendances subversives des textes de Sando Marteau. Le potentiel subversif de la poésie de Sando Marteau réside dans l’orientation existentialiste de l’artiste. Ce sont ses descriptions poignantes de la souffrance qui se trouvent au coeur de la subversion. La souffrance est la force qui s’oppose aux tendances totalisantes propres à la culture et qui incite l’esprit à mettre en question les paradigmes courants de la pensée et de l’organisation politique. Pour sa part, l’acte de subversion maintient la souffrance à vif, en rejetant les généralisations essentialistes qui auraient pour effet de rendre cette souffrance tolérable, voire même louable (héroïque), et d’en atténuer l’intensité.
The changing role of the rotating presidency of the Council of the European Union: Setting the context for the study of the Iberian cases
Authors: Cunha Alice , Magone José M. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This introductory article sets out the European Union context of the special issue. Its main purpose is to present an overview of the changing role of the rotating presidency of the Council of the European Union. After a brief introduction, the first section discusses the theoretical approach applied in the study of rotating EU Council Presidencies  primarily, historical, rational and sociological institutionalism. All these aspects are inherent in the relatively informal structure within the Council of Ministers. Subsequently, an abbreviated account of the evolution of the rotating presidency is provided. This is followed by a section analysing the main functions of the presidency and how the Iberian presidencies have used these functions. The template employed is relatively simple; later articles in the special issue may use it to the degree it is relevant to their focus. It has been argued that until the Lisbon Treaty came into force in 2009, the rotating presidency could be used to enhance a countrys global image, mainly through the external representation role assigned to the institution. The Portuguese presidency of 2007 was probably the last such presidency. As a consequence of the reforms undertaken throughout the new millennium intended to help the EU adjust to enlargement, the presidency has lost visibility. The Spanish presidency of 2010 can been identified as the first in which perceptions of the old and new rotating presidency roles conflicted with each other, leading to failure in many areas. The article finishes by describing the principal aims of the special issue and summarizing the individual contributions.
Spain at the helm: The Spanish presidencies of the Council of the European Union
Authors: Pasarín A. Fernández , Morata F 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Since its accession to the European Community (EC) in 1986, Spain has presided over the Council of the European Union (EU) on four occasions. The first presidency took place in 1989, only three years after its entry into the EC. The second term was in 1995, after the accession of Austria, Finland and Sweden to the EU. The third occurred in 2002, in the aftermath of the terrorist attacks against the United States. Last but not least, the country’s fourth presidency was in 2010, following the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty. This article examines and compares these four Spanish experiences at the helm of the EU. It sheds light on constancy and change in terms of priorities, strategies and institutional constraints, both at the domestic and European levels, and demonstrates the extent to which the presidency is a lens through which the evolving nature of Spain’s commitment to European integration as a whole can be captured.
From apprentice to partner: The 1992 Portuguese Council presidency
Authors: Cunha Alice 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Portugal joined the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1986 and, after a relatively small six-year apprenticeship period, in which the country met the accession terms and started learning the Community policy-making processes, held its first Council’s presidency in 1992. This article analyses broadly the performance of the first Portuguese Council’s presidency, from the point of view of both Portuguese history and the history of the EEC/European Union. It highlights the distinctive features of the Portuguese presidency, and provides an overview of the presidency’s programme and its ensuing results. It also shows how Portugal handled the early years of membership and presidency planning, while running the presidency provided an opportunity to show its European political skills and enhance its state image.
The Portuguese presidency of the EU in 2000: An ambitious enterprise
Authors: Magone José M. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Following its EU presidency in 1992, Portugal served a second term in 2000. Originally designed as simply a transition to the more important French term in the second half of the year, it ended up producing the Lisbon strategy for the socio-economic development of the European Union. This article describes how seriously the Portuguese government took the presidency and how its ambition at the right moment helped to create the Lisbon strategy. The article also shows how the institutional structures of the presidency were upgraded and transformed in order to allow the presidency to run smoothly. The simplicity of the national EU coordination system was a further factor contributing to the smooth operation of the 2000 presidency. The article particularly emphasizes the institutionalization of the structures used to manage European Union affairs. The main argument of this article is that there is a learning process for countries that are in charge of the presidency. After the first presidency of 1992, Portugal learnt how to deal with the constraints but also opportunities that the rotating presidency offered and was able to be more ambitious by becoming the main architect of the Lisbon strategy and the attached open method of coordination (OMC). Both have become established innovations of the European integration process.
Is Spain different? The political, economic and social consequences of its crisis1
Authors: Chislett William 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
I apply the well-known slogan ‘Spain is different’ to the consequences of the country’s economic, political and social crisis in order to try to gauge the extent to which the crisis has been different to that in other euro zone countries. The most notable difference is the disproportionate rise in the unemployment rate which more than tripled from a low of 8 per cent in 2007. One major factor behind this is Spain’s economic model, excessively based on the labour-intensive construction sector. The bursting of the property bubble as of 2008 had a huge impact. Other factors are the influx of immigrants: Spain received more immigrants per capita in the ten years before its crisis than any other country except the United States. Many of them worked in construction; indeed without them the boom would not have been possible. Remarkably, Spain does not have a party along the lines of Britain’s UKIP. Political discontent with the two-party system has been largely channelled into the leftist Podemos.
The Organization of the Fight against HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia: Rallying around Afflictions
Authors: De Rosis Carolina 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This article views the organization of the fight against HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia as the complex result of the interplay between government strategies and the efforts of affected people themselves to face their condition by seeking care and support. Focusing on the formation of the associations of people living with HIV/AIDS in Addis Ababa and Gondar, I show that the fight against the disease involves both a personal battle and the collective mobilization of HIV-positive people to rally around their afflictions as a mode of self-empowerment, public education, and the socialization of risks. In particular, I analyze the continuities and discontinuities in terms of mutual help association members, the self-confession of HIV/AIDS, and traditional forms of solidarity and other forms of public expression with regard to sexually transmittable diseases, like syphilis, that are attested to in historical sources.
Performance of 100-W HVM LPP-EUV source
Authors: Mizoguchi Hakaru , Nakarai Hiroaki , Abe Tamotsu , Nowak Krzysztof M. , Kawasuji Yasufumi , Tanaka Hiroshi , Watanabe Yukio , Hori Tsukasa , Kodama Takeshi , Shiraishi Yutaka , Yanagida Tatsuya , Soumagne Georg , Yamada Tsuyoshi , Yamazaki Taku , Okazaki Shinji , Saitou Takashi 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
At Gigaphoton Inc., we have developed unique and original technologies for a carbon dioxide laser-produced tin plasma extreme ultraviolet (CO2-Sn-LPP EUV) light source, which is the most promising solution for high-power high-volume manufacturing (HVM) EUV lithography at 13.5 nm. Our unique technologies include the combination of a pulsed CO2 laser with Sn droplets, the application of dual-wavelength laser pulses for Sn droplet conditioning, and subsequent EUV generation and magnetic field mitigation. Theoretical and experimental data have clearly shown the advantage of our proposed strategy. Currently, we are developing the first HVM light source, ‘GL200E’. This HVM light source will provide 250-W EUV power based on a 20-kW level pulsed CO2 laser. The preparation of a high average-power CO2 laser (more than 20 kW output power) has been completed in cooperation with Mitsubishi Electric Corporation. Recently, we achieved 140 W at 50 kHz and 50% duty cycle operation as well as 2 h of operation at 100 W of power level. Further improvements are ongoing. We will report the latest status and the challenge to reach stable system operation of more than 100 W at about 4% conversion efficiency with 20-μm droplets and magnetic mitigation.
AMH levels at central precocious puberty and premature thelarche: is it a parameter?
Authors: Sahin Nursel Muratoglu , Kinik Sibel Tulgar , Tekindal Mustafa Agah , Bayraktar Nilufer 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe possible difference of antimüllerian hormone (AMH) levels at central precocious puberty (CPP) and premature thelarche (PT) has not been properly evaluated.By evaluating AMH levels in girls with diagnosed CPP and PT, we aim to show the change of AMH levels at the pubertal onset.Sixty-five girls who have breast development before the age of 8 years and 25 healthy girls were enrolled in the study.The subjects were divided into two groups as CPP and PT, according to results of GnRH test. AMH levels were determined in the two groups.The mean AMH levels of the CPP group were significantly lower than those in the PT group (13.57±9.85 pmol/L and 58.42±12.78 pmol/L, respectively, p=0.022).These results suggest that the AMH levels decrease in the duration of the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian axis activation. We thought that AMH might/may be a marker for distinguishing between CPP and PT.
Long working hours and sleep problems among public junior high school teachers in Japan
Authors: Bannai Akira , Ukawa Shigekazu , Tamakoshi Akiko 
Published: July 2015

Long working hours and sleep problems among public junior high school teachers in Japan: Akira Bannai, et al. Department of Public Health, Hokkaido University Graduate School of MedicineObjectiveLong working hours may impact human health. In Japan, teachers tend to work long hours. From 2002 to 2012, the number of leaves of absence due to diseases other than mental disorders, or mental disorders among public school teachers increased by 1.3 times (from 2,616 to 3,381), or 1.8 times (from 2,687 to 4,960), respectively. The present study aimed to investigate the association between long working hours and sleep problems among public school teachers.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted from mid‐July to September 2013 in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan. Questionnaires were distributed to 1,245 teachers in public junior high schools. Information about basic characteristics including working hours, and responses to the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were collected anonymously. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for the association between long working hours and sleep problems separately by sex.ResultsThe response rate was 44.8% (n=558). After excluding ineligible responses, the final sample comprised 515 teachers (335 males and 180 females). Sleep problems was identified in 41.5% of males and 44.4% of females. Our results showed a significantly increased risk of sleep problems in males working >60 hours per week (OR 2.05 [95% CI 1.01−4.30]) compared with those working ≤40 hours per week. No significant association was found in females.ConclusionsThere is a significant association between long working hours and sleep problems in male teachers. Reducing working hours may contribute to a reduction in sleep problems.
Sludge Reduction by H2O2 Oxidation with Fe/MgO Catalyst
Authors: Cho Sung Hoon , Hwang Duck Kun , Um Wooyong , Son Dae Hee , Oh Kyeongseok 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to determine whether catalytic pretreatment can be used as a method to reduce the amount of wastewater sludge. In this study, H2O2 oxidation in the presence of a heterogeneous Fe/MgO catalyst was added to the pretreatment step. Initially a laboratory‐scale test showed a TCOD (total chemical oxygen demand) was reduced 27.4% during catalytic oxidation compared to 2.1% in a catalyst‐free option. Catalytic pretreatment was then evaluated in a bench‐scale flow‐loop test. Two bench systems were composed of identical serial processes that included anaerobic digestion, aerobic digestion, and coagulating sedimentation. The only difference between the two processes was whether catalytic pretreatment of sediment sludge was used or not. Results showed that catalyst‐free oxidation TCOD gradually increased from 4200 to 7800 mg/L while catalytic oxidation maintained TCOD values at 4200 ± 200 mg/L. In addition, catalytic pretreatment reduced total nitrogen from 46.9 to 41.0 mg/L and phosphate from 3.1 to 2.3 mg/L.
Variations in Depth and Chemical Composition of Groundwater During an Interval in Intermittent Water Delivery
Authors: Yongjin Chen , Weihong Li , Jiazhen Liu , Ming Lu , Mengchen Xu , Shengliang Liu 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT: Based on monitoring data collected from 2006 to 2009 at the lower reaches of the Tarim River, tempo‐spatial variations in groundwater depth and chemistry during an approximately 3‐year interval of intermittent water delivery were studied. Results indicate that as the groundwater depth increased at the upper sector of the river's lower reaches from March 2007 to September 2009, so too did the main chemical composition of groundwater. Groundwater depth at the intermediate sector also increased, but major ions in groundwater declined. The groundwater depth at the lower sector started to decrease in August 2008, and the concentrations of main ions in the groundwater generally rose and fell along with the variations in groundwater depth. The groundwater depth and chemistry in the monitoring wells located at a distance from the aqueduct expressed complex changes at different sections. For instance, at the section near the Daxihaizi Reservoir Section B, groundwater depth increased gradually, but chemical composition changed little. In contrast, the groundwater depth of monitoring wells far from the Daxihaizi Reservoir (Section I) decreased and salt content in the groundwater increased. In sectors at a moderate distance from the reservoir, groundwater depth decreased and concentrations of main ions significantly increased.
Politics of War Memories: Remembering the Japanese Internment in Joseph Craig Danner’s The Fires of Edgarville
Authors: Lee Jade Tsui-yu 
Published: July 2015

Abstract: The article examines the trope of war memories in Joseph Craig Danner’s The Fires of Edgarville (2009), discussing how the characters reveal the long-hidden secrets, wrapped in historical mystery, that plague a small Oregon lumber town during the Pacific War(s)—racism, revenge, and a phantom arsonist, among others. A journey into the past and into the history of war trauma, the novel pieces together the diminishing and elliptical memories of various individuals and ethnic groups. It is the epitome of the war narrative, characterized by melancholic post-memory and the mourning for loss, which offers a site of contested war(s) and cultural memories, a redemptive and liberating force that enables the traumatized, and the violators, to cope with the future.
Coronary Artery Calcification Score as a Predictor of All-Cause Mortality and Cardiovascular Outcome in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients
Authors: Xie Qionghong , Ge Xiaolin , Shang Da , Li Yun , Yan Huanqing , Tian Jing , Hao Chuan-Ming , Zhu Tongying 
Published: July 2015

Background This study aimed to examine whether the coronary artery calcification score (CaCS) was associated with the prognosis of peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Methods Adult PD patients who were clinically stable for at least 2 months were recruited for this prospective, observational cohort study. Coronary artery calcification was assessed using multislice spiral computed tomography and was recorded according to the Agatston score. The end-points including all-cause mortality, cardiovascular events, and cardiovascular mortality were assessed. Multivariate Cox regression was used to identify independent predictors of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular events (CVEs), and cardiovascular mortality. Results A total of 179 PD patients (86 men) with a mean age of 63.5 ± 14.8 years were recruited for this study. Coronary artery calcification scores ranging from 0 to 5,257 were stratified as follows: no (CaCS = 0, n = 54), low (0 < CaCS < 400, n = 72), and high (CaCS ≥ 400, n = 53) calcification. The follow-up duration was 30.6 ± 16.2 (24 – 63) months. Compared with the no calcification group, patients with a higher CaCS were older and had lower diastolic blood pressure, residual renal function, and serum albumin, and higher HbA1C and serum insulin. Multivariate Cox regression revealed that the CaCS was an independent predictor for all the 3 endpoints after adjustment in PD patients. Conclusions CaCS was an independent predictor of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular events, and cardiovascular mortality in patients receiving peritoneal dialysis.