bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
For Geographies of Children, Young People and Popular Culture
Authors: Horton John 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis paper calls for more direct, careful, sustained research on geographies of children, young people and popular culture. I present three sets of empirical and conceptual resources for researchers developing work in this area. Part 1 signposts classic work from cultural/media studies, marketing and sociology, which has been centrally concerned with meanings of popular culture designed for children and young people (e.g. via critiques of the gendered content of iconic popular cultural phenomena). Part 2 foregrounds nascent conceptualisations of social‐material geographies of childhood and youth. I argue that these conceptualisations can extend and unsettle classic work on popular culture, by questioning how popular cultural texts, objects and phenomena matter. Halfway through the paper is a ‘commercial break’. Here, I present some personal reflections on working at the intersection between the ideas discussed in Parts 1 and 2. With reference to a specific popular cultural artefact (the Toys ‘Я’ Us Christmas toy catalogue), I argue that both meanings and matterings are crucial for geographers engaging with children and young people's popular cultures. In conclusion, I argue that more geographers should engage with the literature and issues outlined in Part 1, but also that the geographical concepts discussed in Part 2 demand new modes of research, thinking and writing in relation to popular cultural texts, objects and phenomena.
Dementia in patients with atrial fibrillation and the value of the Hachinski ischemic score
Authors: Di Nisio Marcello , Prisciandaro Michele , Rutjes Anne WS , Russi Ilaria , Maiorini Luisa , Porreca Ettore 
Published: October 2014

AimTo assess the prevalence of vascular dementia, mixed dementia and Alzheimer's disease in patients with atrial fibrillation, and to evaluate the accuracy of the Hachinski ischemic score for these subtypes of dementia.MethodsA nested case–control study was carried out. A total of 103 of 784 consecutive patients evaluated for cognitive status at the Ambulatory Geriatric Clinic had a diagnosis of atrial fibrillation. Controls without atrial fibrillation were randomly selected from the remaining 681 patients using a 1:2 matching for sex, age and education.ResultsThe prevalence of vascular dementia was twofold in patients with atrial fibrillation compared with controls (21.4% vs 10.7%, P = 0.024). Alzheimer's disease was also more frequent in the group with atrial fibrillation (12.6% vs 7.3%, P = 0.046), whereas mixed dementia had a similar distribution. The Hachinski ischemic score poorly discriminated between dementia subtypes, with misclassification rates between 46% (95% CI 28–66) and 70% (95% CI 55–83). In patients with atrial fibrillation, these rates ranged from 55% (95% CI 32–77) to 69% (95% CI 39–91%). In patients in whom the diagnosis of dementia was excluded, the Hachinski ischemic score suggested the presence of vascular dementia in 11% and mixed dementia in 30%.ConclusionsVascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease, but not mixed dementia, are more prevalent in patients with atrial fibrillation. The discriminative accuracy of the Hachinski ischemic score for dementia subtypes in atrial fibrillation is poor, with a significant proportion of misclassifications. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; 15: 770–777.
Correlation between dispensed and prescribed doses of factor products for bleeding disorders: can a small, centre‐based pharmacy hit the mark?
Authors: Croteau S. E. , Saxena K. , Neufeld E. J. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryThe prescribing and dispensing of factor replacement products have come under scrutiny in recent years. Some payers are shunting patients away from local 340B pharmacies anticipating larger pharmacies will be better able to match dispensed antihaemophilic factor vials to the prescribed dose. Our aims were to assess our baseline ability to achieve an aggregate and per patient dispensed to prescribed factor ratio (D:P ratio) of 1 and to evaluate obstacles to achieving unity. We conducted a retrospective review of the factor products dispensed from our 340B pharmacy and the corresponding prescriptions over the 6‐month period prior to instituting routine D:P ratio assessment. The mean D:P ratio for all 65 patients was 1.00 (SD = 0.07). The mean paediatric D:P ratio differed from unity (P = 0.017) and from the mean adult D:P ratio (P = 0.003) in favour of a higher dispensed dose. A correlation between lighter patients and a higher dispensed dose was observed. Also, paediatric patients receiving 2 vials per dose had a mean D:P ratio greater than unity (P = 0.002). Pharmacy size does not dictate the ability to achieve a D:P ratio of unity. Ongoing monitoring of D:P ratios and dose ranges prescribed should be performed by all pharmacies to ensure acceptable allocation and cost of factor replacement for each patient. To further improve the D:P ratio metric in the paediatric population manufacturers should strongly consider adding more nominal dose increments within their lower range of vial sizes.
Different effect of oral cyclosporine therapy and oral antihistamine therapy on serum high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein level and thymus and activation‐regulated chemokine level in atopic dermatitis in older children and adulthood
Authors: Ohtsuka Tsutomu 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundMany patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) are treated with oral cyclosporine or antihistamine therapy in clinical practice.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of oral cyclosporine and antihistamine therapy on clinical and laboratory findings in patients with AD.Subjects and methodsTwenty‐five patients with AD (male–female = 11 : 14, age 16–42 years old, mean 26.2 years old) were treated with oral cyclosporine therapy. Twenty‐three patients with AD (male–female = 10 : 13, age 15–32 years old, mean 24.2 years old) were treated with oral antihistamine therapy. Laboratory findings including high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (CRP) and thymus and activation‐regulated chemokine (TARC) were statistically studied.ResultsSerum TARC level after oral cyclosporine therapy (1013 ± 883 pg/ml) was significantly decreased compared to before therapy (38 194 ± 4678 pg/ml; P < 0.02). Basophil counts in peripheral blood after the therapy (49.7 ± 26.4 × 10−3 cells/μl) were more significantly increased than before therapy (41.1 ± 16.7 × 10−3 cells/μl; P < 0.05). Serum high‐sensitivity CRP level after antihistamine therapy (0.09 ± 0.08 mg/ml) was significantly decreased compared to before therapy (0.13 ± 0.12 mg/ml; P < 0.05). Basophil counts in peripheral blood after the therapy (33.4 ± 16.2 × 10−3 cells/μl) were more significantly decreased than before therapy (41.5 ± 23.3 × 10−3 cells/μl; P < 0.01).ConclusionDifferent effects of oral cyclosporine therapy and oral antihistamine therapy to serum high‐sensitivity CRP level, TARC level, and peripheral blood basophils in adult patients with AD were shown. A combination of these two therapies may be more effective for the treatment of AD in adults.
Bench to bedside: mechanistic principles of targeting the RAF kinase in melanoma
Authors: Rajakulendran Thanashan , Adam David N. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractMelanoma, in its advanced form, is an aggressive cancer with a poor prognosis. To date, no therapeutic modality has afforded a high likelihood of curative outcome, with the exception of early surgical resection in patients diagnosed with local disease. However, recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms and pathophysiology of melanoma have paved the way towards the development of targeted therapeutics. A central player in melanomagenesis is the RAF family of kinases. Key mechanistic details regarding the regulation of RAF kinases have now begun to emerge. Already, vemurafenib, a tailored kinase inhibitor of aberrant RAF function in melanoma, has led to clinical benefit. Despite vemurafenib's success, acquired resistance to the drug warrants the need for further drug development. In this review, we discuss the critical role of RAF dimerization in both melanomagenesis and resistance to RAF inhibitors such as vemurafenib. We also highlight the potential for inhibitors of RAF dimerization to lead to improved outcomes in patients with advanced melanoma.
Finding Bayesian Optimal Designs for Nonlinear Models: A Semidefinite Programming‐Based Approach
Authors: Duarte Belmiro P. M. , Wong Weng Kee 
Published: October 2014

SummaryThis paper uses semidefinite programming (SDP) to construct Bayesian optimal design for nonlinear regression models. The setup here extends the formulation of the optimal designs problem as an SDP problem from linear to nonlinear models. Gaussian quadrature formulas (GQF) are used to compute the expectation in the Bayesian design criterion, such as D‐, A‐ or E‐optimality. As an illustrative example, we demonstrate the approach using the power‐logistic model and compare results in the literature. Additionally, we investigate how the optimal design is impacted by different discretising schemes for the design space, different amounts of uncertainty in the parameter values, different choices of GQF and different prior distributions for the vector of model parameters, including normal priors with and without correlated components. Further applications to find Bayesian D‐optimal designs with two regressors for a logistic model and a two‐variable generalised linear model with a gamma distributed response are discussed, and some limitations of our approach are noted.
Dual‐color, break‐apart fluorescence in situ hybridization probe for distinguishing clear cell sarcoma of soft tissue from malignant melanoma
Authors: Yoon Jung Hee , Baek Yoo Sang , Jeon Jiehyun , Oh Chil Hwan , Song Hae Jun 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackground Clear cell sarcoma (CCS) of soft tissue is a rare soft tissue sarcoma with melanocytic differentiation and shares morphologic, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and molecular features with malignant melanoma (MM). Because the prognosis of CCS is much different from MM, it is important to distinguish each other by selective method. CCS is well‐recognized as having the t(12;22)(q13;q12) translocation, on the other hand MM is not. Therefore, detecting Ewing sarcoma region 1 (ESWR1) gene rearrangement can serve as a crucial diagnostic determinant.Methods Biopsy was taken from a 52‐year‐old man who reported a 3‐year history of a gradually enlarging nodule on the sole of his left foot. Routine and special stains for melanocytic markers and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) evaluation using dual color break‐apart rearrangement probes specific for ESWR1 was performed for formalin‐fixed tissue.Results Neoplastic cells expressed diffuse but strong positivity for HMB45 and S100 but not for Melan‐A. Dual color, break‐apart interphase FISH revealed EWS(22q12) gene rearrangements in CCS tumor cells.Conclusion Fluorescence in situ hybridization evaluation using ESWR1 gene probe for CCS sharing clinical and histopathological characteristics with MM is a valuable tool to distinguish each other.
Orchestrating the XO computer with digital and conventional resources to teach mathematics
Authors: Díaz A. , Nussbaum M. , Varela I. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractRecent research has suggested that simply providing each child with a computer does not lead to an improvement in learning. Given that dozens of countries across the world are purchasing computers for their students, we ask which elements are necessary to improve learning when introducing digital resources into the classroom. Understood the orchestration as the coordination of conventional and digital resources, we examine whether effective resource orchestration improves student learning. To do so, an 8‐month study was undertaken across 17 schools in Uruguay, involving 544 fourth grade students. A treatment group worked under an orchestrated strategy, while a control group followed the national strategy, which includes the One Laptop per Child Computer (XO). Our study confirmed that the national strategy alone is capable of producing significant progress in student learning. However, we also found that the orchestration produces a statistically significant improvement in the results when compared to the control group. The main finding indicates that when teachers have an orchestrated strategy to integrate digital and non‐digital resources, student learning is enhanced in relation to the curricular objectives. Finally, we discovered that learning is improved in the treatment group when there is systematic use of resources, and when the school's infrastructure facilitates the use of the technology.
Post‐translational modifications of transthyretin affect the triiodonine‐binding potential
Authors: Henze Andrea , Homann Thomas , Serteser Mustafa , Can Ozge , Sezgin Ozlem , Coskun Abdurrahman , Unsal Ibrahim , Schweigert Florian J. , Ozpinar Aysel 
Published: October 2014

AbstractTransthyretin (TTR) is a visceral protein, which facilitates the transport of thyroid hormones in blood and cerebrospinal fluid. The homotetrameric structure of TTR enables the simultaneous binding of two thyroid hormones per molecule. Each TTR subunit provides a single cysteine residue (Cys10), which is frequently affected by oxidative post‐translational modifications. As Cys10 is part of the thyroid hormone‐binding channel within the TTR molecule, PTM of Cys10 may influence the binding of thyroid hormones. Therefore, we analysed the effects of Cys10 modification with sulphonic acid, cysteine, cysteinylglycine and glutathione on binding of triiodothyronine (T3) by molecular modelling. Furthermore, we determined the PTM pattern of TTR in serum of patients with thyroid disease by immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry to evaluate this association in vivo. The in silico assays demonstrated that oxidative PTM of TTR resulted in substantial reorganization of the intramolecular interactions and also affected the binding of T3 in a chemotype‐ and site‐specific manner with S‐glutathionylation as the most potent modulator of T3 binding. These findings were supported by the in vivo results, which indicated thyroid function‐specific patterns of TTR with a substantial decrease in S‐sulphonated, S‐cysteinylglycinated and S‐glutathionylated TTR in hypothyroid patients. In conclusion, this study provides evidence that oxidative modifications of Cys10 seem to affect binding of T3 to TTR probably because of the introduction of a sterical hindrance and induction of conformational changes. As oxidative modifications can be dynamically regulated, this may represent a sensitive mechanism to adjust thyroid hormone availability.
Comparing High‐throughput Platforms for Sequencing the V4 Region of SSU‐rDNA in Environmental Microbial Eukaryotic Diversity Surveys
Authors: Mahé Frédéric , Mayor Jordan , Bunge John , Chi Jingyun , Siemensmeyer Tobias , Stoeck Thorsten , Wahl Benjamin , Paprotka Tobias , Filker Sabine , Dunthorn Micah 
Published: October 2014

AbstractHigh‐throughput sequencing platforms are continuing to increase resulting read lengths, which is allowing for a deeper and more accurate depiction of environmental microbial diversity. With the nascent Reagent Kit v3, Illumina MiSeq now has the ability to sequence the eukaryotic hyper‐variable V4 region of the SSU‐rDNA locus with paired‐end reads. Using DNA collected from soils with analyses of strictly‐ and nearly identical amplicons, here we ask how the new Illumina MiSeq data compares with what we can obtain with Roche/454 GS FLX with regard to quantity and quality, presence and absence, and abundance perspectives. We show that there is an easy qualitative transition from the Roche/454 to the Illumina MiSeq platforms. The ease of this transition is more nuanced quantitatively for low‐abundant amplicons, although estimates of abundances are known to also vary within platforms.
Life Cycle of Hammondia hammondi (Apicomplexa: Sarcocystidae) in Cats
Authors: Dubey Jitender P. , Ferguson David J. P. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTHammondia hammondi and Toxoplasma gondii are feline coccidians that are morphologically, antigenically, and phylogenitically related. Both parasites multiply asexually and sexually in feline intestinal enterocytes, but H. hammondi remains confined to enterocytes whereas T. gondii also parasitizes extra‐intestinal tissues of the cat. Here, we studied multiplication of H. hammondi in feline intestine and compared with T. gondii cycle. Five parasite–free cats were inoculated orally with tissue cysts and free bradyzoites from skeletal muscles of gamma interferon gene knockout mice and killed at 1, 3, 4, 6, and 7 d later. At 1 and 3 d post inoculation (DPI), numerous individual intracellular bradyzoites were detected in histological sections of small intestine. At 4 DPI only schizonts were found and they were located in enterocyte cytoplasm above the host cell nucleus. At 6 and 7 DPI both schizonts and gamonts were seen and they were located in enterocytes. Ultrastucturally, schizogonic and gametogonic development of H. hammondi was similar to T. gondii. However, in H. hammondi merozoites rhoptries were longer, and coiled and contained more micronemes than in T. gondii. Ultrastructural development is illustrated in detail.
Personalized medicine in rheumatoid arthritis: is the glass half full or half empty?
Authors: Huizinga T. W. J. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe care of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been revolutionized since the 1990s. Strict monitoring and disease control based on measurement of signs and symptoms towards a target of low disease activity have improved outcome of patients enormously. As a result of treatment strategies based upon individualized measurement of disease activity, the clinical view of RA has changed from a destructive autoimmune disease (with a median joint damage of >10 Sharp units per year) to a condition in which significant damage can be prevented in the majority of patients. Moreover, a large number of targeted therapies (tumour necrosis factor, IL6, CD80/CD86 and CD20 inhibitors) have become available to better treat the underlying disease process. However, identification of the underlying pathways that drive the disease process in an individual patient has been relatively unsuccessful, implying that no predictive factors have been identified to guide the choice of a specific treatment. Distinct subsets of RA patients have been identified, based on the presence or absence of anticitrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs). These two subsets are associated with different environmental and genetic risk factors, histology and disease outcome (a more destructive disease course with more persistent joint inflammation is observed when ACPAs are present). Therefore, it is recommended that treatment should be guided towards a more consistently low level of disease activity in the presence of ACPAs than in the absence of the antibodies.
Effect of Bonding Agent Application Method on Titanium‐Ceramic Bond Strength
Authors: Curtis Joseph G. , Dossett Jon , Prihoda Thomas J. , Teixeira Erica C. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPurposeAlthough milled titanium may be used as a substructure in fixed and implant prosthodontics, the application of the veneering porcelain presents particular challenges compared to traditional alloys. To address these challenges, some Ti ceramic systems incorporate the application of a bonding agent prior to the opaque layer. Vita Titankeramik's bonding agent is available as a powder, paste, and spray‐on formulation. We examined the effect of these three application methods on the bond strength.Materials and MethodsFour titanium bars were milled from each of 11 wafers cut from grade II Ti using the Kavo Everest milling unit and a custom‐designed milling toolpath. An experienced technician prepared the 25 × 3 × 0.5 mm3 metal bars and applied bonding agent using one of three application methods, and then applied opaque, dentin, and enamel porcelains according to manufacturer's instructions to a 8 × 3 × 1 mm3 porcelain. A control group received no bonding agent prior to porcelain application. The four groups (n = 11) were blindly tested for differences in bond strength using a universal testing machine in a three‐point bend test configuration, based on ISO 9693–1:2012.ResultsThe average (SD) bond strengths for the control, powder, paste, and spray‐on groups, respectively, were: 24.8 (2.6), 24.6 (2.6), 25.3 (4.0), and 24.1 (3.9) MPa. One‐way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparison tests were performed between all groups. There were no statistically significant differences among groups (p = 0.951).ConclusionTitanium‐porcelain bond strength was not affected by the use of a bonding agent or its application method when tested by ISO 9693–1 standard.
Ocular Defect Rehabilitation Using Photography and Digital Imaging: A Clinical Report
Authors: Buzayan Muaiyed M. , Ariffin Yusnidar T. , Yunus Norsiah , Mahmood Wan Adida Azina Binti 
Published: October 2014

AbstractOcular disorders occasionally necessitate surgical intervention that may lead to eye defects. The primary objective in restoring and rehabilitating such defects with an ocular prosthesis is to enable patients to cope better with associated psychological stress and to return to their accustomed lifestyle. A series of detailed steps for custom‐made ocular prosthesis fabrication using the advantages of digital photography to replace the conventional oil paint and monopoly iris painting technique are presented in this article. In the present case, a digital photograph of the patient's iris was captured using a digital camera and manipulated on a computer using graphic software to produce a replica of the natural iris. The described technique reduces treatment time, increases simplicity, and permits the patient's natural iris to be replicated without the need for iris painting and special artistic skills.