bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Continued loss in visceral and intermuscular adipose tissue in weight‐stable women following bariatric surgery
Authors: Toro‐Ramos Tatiana , Goodpaster Bret H. , Janumala Isaiah , Lin Susan , Strain Gladys W. , Thornton John C. , Kang Patrick , Courcoulas Anita P. , Pomp Alfons , Gallagher Dympna 
Published: November 2014

ObjectiveTo assess changes in total (TAT), subcutaneous (SAT), visceral (VAT), and intermuscular (IMAT) adipose tissue by whole‐body MRI before surgery and at 12 months and 24 months post‐surgery in a subset of participants of the Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery‐2.MethodsFrom 0 to 12 months, n = 20 females and 3 males; from 12 to 24 months, n = 42 females and 7 males. Paired t‐tests and GLM repeated measures examined changes in TAT, SAT, VAT, and IMAT at 12 and 24 months, with sex and age as covariates.ResultsChanges from 0 to 12 months included weight (−41.9 ± 12.1 kg; −36%), TAT (−33.5 ± 9.6 kg; −56%), SAT (−29.2 ± 8.2 kg; −55%), VAT (−3.3 ± 1.6 kg; −73%), and IMAT (−0.99 ± 0.68 kg; −50%), all P < 0.001. In females, from 12 to 24 months, despite relative weight stability (−1.8 ± 6.5 kg, −2%; P = 0.085), VAT (−0.5 ± 0.7 kg; −30%; P < 0.001) and IMAT (−0.2 ± 0.4 kg; −14%; P = 0.012) decreased further. In males, from 12 to 24 months, weight increased (5.1 ± 5.2 kg; 6%; P = 0.04) with no significant changes in TAT or sub‐depots.ConclusionsBariatric surgery continues to induce favorable changes in body composition, i.e., persistent adipose tissue loss at 24 months in the absence of further significant weight loss.
Benefits of adding small financial incentives or optional group meetings to a web‐based statewide obesity initiative
Authors: Leahey Tricia M. , Subak Leslee L. , Fava Joseph , Schembri Michael , Thomas Graham , Xu Xiaomeng , Krupel Katie , Kent Kimberly , Boguszewski Katherine , Kumar Rajiv , Weinberg Brad , Wing Rena 
Published: November 2014

ObjectiveTo examine whether adding either small, variable financial incentives or optional group sessions improves weight losses in a community‐based, Internet behavioral program.MethodsParticipants (N = 268) from Shape Up Rhode Island 2012, a 3‐month Web‐based community wellness initiative, were randomized to: Shape Up+Internet behavioral program (SI), Shape Up+Internet program+incentives (SII), or Shape Up+Internet program+group sessions (SIG).ResultsAt the end of the 3‐month program, SII achieved significantly greater weight losses than SI (SII: 6.4% [5.1‐7.7]; SI: 4.2% [3.0‐5.6]; P = 0.03); weight losses in SIG were not significantly different from the other two conditions (SIG: 5.8% [4.5‐7.1], P's ≥ 0.10). However, at the 12‐month no‐treatment follow‐up visit, both SII and SIG had greater weight losses than SI (SII: 3.1% [1.8‐4.4]; SIG: 4.5% [3.2‐5.8]; SI: 1.2% [−0.1‐2.6]; P's ≤ 0.05). SII was the most cost‐effective approach at both 3 (SII: $34/kg; SI: $34/kg; SIG: $87/kg) and 12 months (SII: $64/kg; SI: $140/kg; SIG: $113/kg).ConclusionsModest financial incentives enhance weight losses during a community campaign, and both incentives and optional group meetings improved overall weight loss outcomes during the follow‐up period. However, the use of the financial incentives is the most cost‐effective approach.
Introduction: Gambling as Analytic in Melanesia
Authors: Pickles Anthony J. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn Euro‐American intellectual discourse gambling has become a metaphor for understanding social life, while in public life gambling is the subject of moralizing, medicalization, and gendered conflict over its status as leisure or vice. This introduction explores how one might approach the ways in which Melanesian peoples have comprehended their own worlds through gambling. I invite readers to consider our portrayals of indigenous ideas of ‘what gambling is about’ as alternative theorizations of gambling as a phenomenon. These theories of gambling are based upon cosmological premises that may appear unusual but which nevertheless intersect productively with Euro‐American typologies of gambling and gamblers. To propagate this, my introduction first provides a brief history of gambling in Melanesia, and secondly places the special issue with respect to the relevant tropes in the sociology and anthropology of gambling, and the interdisciplinary field of gambling studies. A final section compares intersecting themes across the articles that together provide the basis of a collective intervention into gambling‐related fields.
Horse Race Gambling and the Economy of ‘Bad Money’ in Contemporary Fiji
Authors: Presterudstuen Geir Henning 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSince emerging in Fiji in 1964, betting on Australian horseracing has become an increasingly common pastime for Fijian men. A recently introduced urban practice, this type of gambling is associated with ‘modern’ social settings and is ideologically situated outside the traditional Fijian paradigm. It faces widespread condemnation as an economic pursuit, with cash circulated through the betting shops often being labelled ‘bad’ money. Paradoxically, this negative valuation of gambling also appears to be one of the most alluring aspects of it. As a public arena, the betting shops provide a social space in which Fijian men interact on the basis of overt egalitarianism, disorder, and rowdiness, principles and behavioural patterns largely discouraged within the traditional boundaries of the village. Gambling is subversive because money generated from these pursuits is unsuitable for the village economy and thus becomes available to spend freely on luxury goods, namely alcohol, tobacco, or take‐away food, all of which are otherwise largely inaccessible. Gambling on horse racing is consequently gaining increasing social importance for Fijian men who wish to negate the constraints of traditional village life and partake in social and economic activities governed by personal desires and consumption rather than traditional communalism. While commercial betting in Melanesia has largely been ignored by anthropologists, this paper proposes that it is a salient point of study for understanding the complex social dynamics that emerge at the interface of gendered and ethnic identities and tradition and modernity in Fiji.
‘BomBombedKwin’: How Two Card Games ModelKula,Moka, andGoroka
Authors: Pickles Anthony J. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn 2009–2010, inGoroka, I studied card games that had a lineage traceable to a common ancestor calledlaki. Two games were dominant:kwin(queen) andbom(bomb).Both allowed players to test and act upon their efficacy, detect the disruptive negative thoughts of others, and cultivate the thoughts seen as essential to success. Yet the games' characters were contrasted: one was slow, the other fast; one is long‐standing, the other a craze; one for the old, one for the young; one more ‘Melanesian’, one irresponsible.Kwinandbomare among a repertoire of indigenous ‘analytics’ used by people at different life‐stages; they modelGoroka because they propagate the types of thought they cater to, and fall victim to that thought in turn,e.g., ‘fast games’ propagate ‘fast thoughts’ that get bored with the games' rules and invent others to take their place. This speaks toMelanesian and anthropological preoccupations with effecting innovations within, and upon, ‘total systems’ like the famouskulaormoka. In gambling this innovatory capacity is measured by speed, providing a ready model for broader change.
Fast Money Schemes Are Risky Business: Gamblers and Investors in a Papua New Guinean Ponzi Scheme
Authors: Cox John 
Published: November 2014

AbstractGambling and financial investment have a long shared history, with many convergences and many moments where each has defined the other as its opposite. In the contemporary Pacific, not least among evangelical Christians, gambling is often understood as wasteful entertainment and even as an irresponsible vice. Investment on the other hand is seen as a productive activity for both individuals and society at large. These moral concerns draw on discourses of proprietorship of the self, of money and of risk. This paper explores moral attitudes to gambling/investment among middle‐class investors in a mass Ponzi scheme in Papua New Guinea (PNG) and charts new valorizations of risk and investment as components of the construction of modern ‘financial selves’.
Mesoporous ZnS–NiS Nanocomposites for Nonenzymatic Electrochemical Glucose Sensors
Authors: Wei Chengzhen , Cheng Cheng , Zhao Junhong , Wang Zhangtao , Wu Haipeng , Gu Kaiyue , Du Weimin , Pang Huan 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMesoporous ZnS–NiS composites are prepared via ion‐ exchange reactions using ZnS as the precursor. The prepared mesoporous ZnS–NiS composite materials have large surface areas (137.9 m2 g−1) compared with the ZnS precursor. More importantly, the application of these mesoporous ZnS–NiS composites as nonenzymatic glucose sensors was successfully explored. Electrochemical sensors based on mesoporous ZnS–NiS composites exhibit a high selectivity and a low detection limit (0.125 μm) toward the oxidation of glucose, which can mainly be attributed to the morphological characteristics of the mesoporous structure with high specific surface area and a rational composition of the two constituents. In addition, the mesoporous ZnS–NiS composites coated on the surface of electrodes can be used to modify the mass transport regime, and this alteration can, in favorable circumstances, facilitate the amperometric discrimination between species. These results suggest that such mesoporous ZnS–NiS composites are promising materials for nonenzymatic glucose sensors.
Post‐traumatic growth in survivors of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Jeon Mijin , Yoo Il Young , Kim Sue , Lee Jehwan 
Published: November 2014

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to understand factors related to post‐traumatic growth (PTG) in patients who received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), building baseline data for developing intervention programs to enhance PTG in HSCT survivors.MethodsA self‐report survey was administered to 100 patients who received HSCT within the last 5 years. The Post‐traumatic Growth Inventory, Impact of Event Scale—Revised, Perceived Social Support Scale, and Healthcare Professional's Support Scale were used, as well as items on demographic and clinical characteristics. Standard deviations of frequency and percentage, Chi‐squared test between genders, independent t‐test, correlation analysis between independent variables and extent of PTG, and regression analysis were conducted.ResultsThe PTG levels of HSCT survivors were statistically significantly higher when participants were women, carried out more religious activities, had higher educational levels, or utilized nurse counseling. The ‘intrusive thinking’ traumatic impact subcategory, as well as social support and support from healthcare professionals, were found to be highly related to PTG scores. Upon multiple regression analysis, factors with greatest influence on PTG in HSCT survivors were support from healthcare professionals, followed in order, by social support, utilization of nurse counseling, intrusive thinking, and frequency of religious activities.ConclusionsWe suggest implementing programs for HSCT patients to enhance support from healthcare professionals and to increase post‐traumatic growth through greater utilization of nurse counseling, self‐help meetings, and writing. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flow dependence of specific airway resistance and diagnostic of asthma in children
Authors: Coutier Laurianne , Ioan Iulia , Sadegh‐Eghbali Ayria , Bonabel Claude , Demoulin Bruno , Le Tuan Thanh , Marchal François , Schweitzer Cyril , Varechova Silvia 
Published: November 2014

SummaryPanting majors turbulent flow and contribution of larger airways to the measurement of specific airway resistance (sRaw). The hypothesis was tested that the difference between asthmatic and healthy children is enhanced by narrowing the flow interval to compute sRaw.sRaw was measured during panting in 40 asthmatic and 25 healthy children and computed using all data points (full scale flow) and limited to the flow intervals ± 1L/sec and ± 0.5 L/sec. sRaw was not different between asthmatics (0.87 ± 0.20 kPa.s) and controls (0.80 ± 0.25 kPa.s) when computed full scale, while it was significantly larger in asthmatics than controls within ± 1L/sec (0.77 ± 0.16 kPa.s vs 0.65 ± 0.15 kPa.s, P < 0.004) or ± 0.5 L/sec (0.77 ± 0.21 kPa.s vs 0.61 ± 0.17 kPa.s, P < 0.002). On the other hand, the within subject coefficient of variation was significantly larger when sRaw was computed within ± 1L/sec (13.7 ± 7.2%) or ± 0.5 L/sec (28.3 ± 18.1%) than full scale (11.0 ± 6.7%), respectively P < 0.002 and P < 0.0001.It is concluded that narrowing the flow interval to compute sRaw is associated with better discrimination between asthma and health in children, although the short term variability of sRaw is increased. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015; 50:1107–1112. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Informal Social Protection Networks of Migrants: Typical Patterns in Different Transnational Social Spaces
Authors: Bilecen Başak , Sienkiewicz Joanna Jadwiga 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSocial network analysis, together with qualitative methods, is an approach to the study of cross‐border phenomena. The main goal of the article is to display the utility of network analysis particularly to investigate social protection within and across borders. Drawing on 300 ego‐centric networks of immigrants in Germany from three countries of origin (Kazakhstan, Poland and Turkey), this article maps their social protection practices. Transnationality, a multidimensional concept, is acknowledged as a marker of heterogeneity, a personal attribute of the respondents in this study. The authors focus in particular on typical social protection patterns of migrants embedded in different transnational social spaces, and explored in detail through the visualisation of personal network maps. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monitoring changes of tumor microenvironment in colorectal submucosa using multiphoton microscopy
Authors: Qiu Jingting , Jiang Weizhong , Yang Yinghong , Feng Changyin , Chen Zhifen , Guan Guoxian , Zhuo Shuangmu , Chen Jianxin 
Published: November 2014

SummaryRecently, targeting tumor microenvironment has become a novel approach for cancer therapy. Collagen is one of important components of tissue microenvironment, and has been considered as a new visible target for cancer therapy. In this work, multiphoton microscopy (MPM) was used to monitor the changes of collagen in tumor microenvironment during tumor progression. It was found that MPM facilitates imaging of tumor cells and collagen. MPM images in different tumor microenvironment during tumor progression shows obvious increase in cell number and collagen degration. In addition, the quantitative analysis of collagen content and orientation index in tumor microenvironment shows significant alteration during tumor progression. These results suggest that MPM has the ability to monitor the changes of collagen morphology in tumor microenvironment and quantify content and orientation index of collagen during tumor progression. Therefore this technique is a powerful imaging tool for the investigation of targeting tumor microenvironment for cancer therapy. SCANNING 37:17–22, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Projektionen räumlicher Kräftesysteme
Authors: Conzett Jürg 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAusgehend von einem Vortrag von Jörg Schlaich versuche ich räumliche Kräftesysteme besser zu verstehen, indem ich sie mit den traditionellen Methoden der darstellenden Geometrie betrachte. Damit gelingt es, dreidimensionale Tragwerke auf ebene Systeme zurückzuführen. Die Untersuchung derartiger ebener Systeme ist jedem Ingenieur geläufig. Die darstellende Geometrie wird dabei zu einem leistungsfähigen und anschaulichen Werkzeug für eine bessere Erkenntnis der Wirkungsweise komplexer Tragwerke.Projections of spatial systems of forces. Remembering a lecture by Jörg Schlaich some years ago, the author tries to become familiar with the acting of forces in three‐dimensional structures by using the traditional methods of descriptive geometry applied to spatial systems of forces. Using planar projections of such a system refers to methods well known. It can be a powerful and illustrative tool for a better understanding how a complex structure works.
Readiness for Practice: A Survey of Neurosurgery Graduates and Program Directors
Authors: Haji Faizal A. , Steven David A. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackground: Postgraduate neurosurgical education is undergoing significant reform, including transition to a competency-based training model. To support these efforts, the purpose of this study was to determine neurosurgical graduates’ and program directors’ (PDs) opinions about graduates’ level of competence in reference to the 2010 Royal College Objectives of Training in Neurosurgery. Methods: An electronic survey was distributed to Canadian neurosurgery PDs and graduates from 2011. The questionnaire addressed graduates’ abilities in nonprocedural knowledge and skills, CanMEDS roles, proficiency with core neurosurgical procedures and knowledge of complex neurosurgical techniques. Results: Thirteen of 22 (59%) graduate and 17/25 (65%) PD surveys were completed. There were no significant differences between PD and graduate responses. Most respondents agreed that these graduates possess the knowledge and skills expected of an independently practicing neurosurgeon across current objectives of training. A small proportion felt some graduates did not achieve this level of proficiency on specific vascular, functional, peripheral nerve and endoscopic procedures. This was partially attributed to limited exposure to these procedures during training and perceptions that some techniques required fellowship-level training. Conclusions: Graduating neurosurgical residents are perceived to possess a high level of proficiency in the majority of neurosurgical practice domains. Inadequate exposure during training or a perception that subspecialists should perform some procedures may contribute to cases where proficiency is not as high. The trends identified in this study could be monitored on an ongoing basis to provide supplemental data to guide curricular decisions in Canadian neurosurgical training.
Symmetry breaking of azimuthal thermo-acoustic modes in annular cavities: a theoretical study
Authors: Bauerheim M. , Salas P. , Nicoud F. , Poinsot T. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMany physical problems containing rotating symmetry exhibit azimuthal waves, from electromagnetic waves in nanophotonic crystals to seismic waves in giant stars. When this symmetry is broken, clockwise (CW) and counter-clockwise (CCW) waves are split into two distinct modes which can become unstable. This paper focuses on a theoretical study of symmetry breaking in annular cavities containing a number $N$ of flames prone to azimuthal thermo-acoustic instabilities. A general dispersion relation for non-perfectly-axisymmetric cavities is obtained and analytically solved to provide an explicit expression for the frequencies and growth rates of all azimuthal modes of the configuration. This analytical study unveils two parameters affecting the stability of the mode: (i) a coupling strength corresponding to the cumulative effects of the $N$ flames and (ii) a splitting strength due to the symmetry breaking when the flames are different. This theory has been validated using a 3D Helmholtz solver and good agreement is found. When only two types of flames are introduced into the annular cavity, the splitting strength is found to depend on two parameters: the difference between the two burner types and the pattern used to distribute the flames along the azimuthal direction. To first order, this theory suggests that the most stable configuration is obtained for a perfectly axisymmetric configuration. Therefore, breaking the symmetry by mixing different flames cannot improve the stability of an annular combustor independently of the flame distribution pattern.
Relevance of dietary protein concentration and quality as risk factors for the formation of calcium oxalate stones in cats
Authors: Paßlack Nadine , Burmeier Hannes , Brenten Thomas , Neumann Konrad , Zentek Jürgen 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe role of dietary protein for the development of feline calcium oxalate (CaOx) uroliths has not been conclusively clarified. The present study evaluated the effects of a varying dietary protein concentration and quality on critical indices for the formation of CaOx uroliths. Three diets with a high protein quality (10–11 % greaves meal/diet) and a varying crude protein (CP) concentration (35, 44 and 57 % in DM) were compared. Additionally, the 57 % CP diet was compared with a fourth diet that had a similar CP concentration (55 % in DM), but a lower protein quality (34 % greaves meal/diet). The Ca and oxalate (Ox) concentrations were similar in all diets. A group of eight cats received the same diet at the same time. Each feeding period was divided into a 21 d adaptation period and a 7 d sampling period to collect urine. There were increases in urinary volume, urinary Ca concentrations, renal Ca and Ox excretion and urinary relative supersaturation (RSS) with CaOx with increasing dietary protein concentrations. Urinary pH ranged between 6·34 and 6·66 among all groups, with no unidirectional effect of dietary protein. Lower renal Ca excretion was observed when feeding the diet with the lower protein quality, however, the underlying mechanism needs further evaluation. In conclusion, although the observed higher urinary volume is beneficial, the increase in urinary Ca concentrations, renal Ca and Ox excretion and urinary RSS CaOx associated with a high-protein diet may be critical for the development of CaOx uroliths in cats.
Comparison of the GEM and the ECAL indirect calorimeters against the Deltatrac for measures of RMR and diet-induced thermogenesis
Authors: Kennedy S. , Ryan L. , Fraser A. , Clegg M. E. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe Deltatrac™ II Metabolic Monitor (Datex-Ohmeda Inc.) is considered the standard reference machine in indirect calorimetry; however, it is no longer commercially available thus there is a need for new machines. The gas exchange measurement (GEM; GEM Nutrition Ltd) and the ECAL (Health Professional Solutions) are alternative measuring systems. The aim of this study was to compare the ECAL and GEM with Deltatrac for measures of RMR and the GEM to the Deltatrac for measures of diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT). Twenty healthy participants were tested on test day 1 (T1) and test day 2 (T2). RMR was measured in a randomised order for 30 min on the Deltatrac, the GEM and the ECAL. Following this, a 1553 kJ meal was consumed and DIT was measured on the Deltatrac and the GEM in alternating 15 min intervals for 4 h. The GEM reported consistently higher values than the Deltatrac for VO2, VCO2, RMR and fat oxidation (P < 0·005). The ECAL was significantly higher than the Deltatrac for measures of VO2, RMR, carbohydrate oxidation (T2) and respiratory quotient and fat oxidation (T1, T2) (P < 0·05). There were no significant differences within repeated RMR measures on the ECAL, the GEM or the Deltatrac. DIT measures were consistently higher on the GEM (T1) (P < 0·005); however, there were no significant differences between repeated measures. The findings suggest that while the GEM and the ECAL were not accurate alternatives to the Deltatrac, they may be reliable for repeated measures.