bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uni‐ and biaxial impact behavior of double‐gated nanoclay‐reinforced polypropylene injection moldings
Authors: Pettarin Valeria , Viau Gastón , Fasce Laura , Viana Julio C. , Pontes Antonio J. , Frontini Patricia M. , Pouzada Antonio S. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPolypopylene/nanoclay three‐dimensional parts were produced without intermediate steps by direct injection molding to explore the influence of flow features and nanoclay incorporation in their impact performance. The nanocomposite was obtained by direct compounding of commercial PP with nanoclay masterbatch. The as‐molded morphology was analyzed by X‐ray and TEM analyses in terms of skin‐core structure and nanoclay particle dispersion. The nanoclay particles induced the reduction of β‐form spherulites, a known toughener. The impact behavior was assessed in tensile and biaxial modes. The PP nanocomposite molding toughness was practically unaffected by the processing melt temperature and flow rate. Conversely the nanoclay presence is influent in the impact performance. Under biaxial stress impact, the regions close to weld lines are tougher than the bulk and the fracture develops with main crack paths along the flow direction and the weld line. Cracking along the weld line results from less macromolecular interpenetration and chain entanglement, and unfavorable nanoparticle orientation. It seems that a failure mechanism which involves nanoclay delamination and multiple matrix crazing explains the toughening of PP in the directions where the nanoparticle orientation with respect to loading is adequate. POLYM. ENG. SCI. 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Rivaroxaban (Xarelto) in the management of stroke and DVT
Authors: Chaplin Steve , Haunton Victoria , Robinson Thompson , Bagot Catherine 
Published: September 2012

AbstractRivaroxaban is now licensed for the prevention of stroke and the treatment and prevention of DVT. In our New products review, Steve Chaplin presents the clinical data for its efficacy and adverse events related to these new indications, and specialists comment on its likely place in therapy.
Degradation of quantum dots under nuclear irradiation and its influence on exciton spectra in semimagnetic semiconductors
Authors: Mykhaylovskyy Vitaliy , Sugakov Volodymyr , Vertsimakha Ganna 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe paper studies radiation‐induced modification of energetic spectra of excitons in CdTe quantum dots (QDs) in a (Cd, Mn)Te matrix. Exciton levels in such system are very sensitive to the changes in Mn concentration due to the exchange interaction between magnetic Mn ions and charge carriers (the giant splitting effect). Radiation‐enhanced diffusion causes Mn penetration into the QD that leads to the changes in the exciton level energy. We found the spatial distribution of Mn ions for different durations of the irradiation and performed quantum calculations of the energy of exciton states with the obtained Mn concentration profiles. The dependences of the position of the exciton levels and the splitting between the energy of exciton states with σ+ and σ– polarizations on the irradiation parameters and the QD's radius have been investigated. The calculations show that the irradiation causes a large shift of exciton levels. The splitting between levels with σ+ and σ– polarizations may be increased in the order of value due to the irradiation. The radiation effects are stronger for QD with smaller radius.
Diurnally forced convergence lines in the Australian Tropics
Authors: Reeder Michael J. , Smith Roger K. , Taylor John R. , Low David J. , Arnup Sarah J. , Muir Les , Thomsen Gerald 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObservations and analyses of low‐level convergence lines over the Gulf of Carpentaria region of northeastern Australia made during the second and third Gulf Lines EXperiments (GLEX II and GLEX III) are reported.During GLEX II, the initiation of the North Australian Cloud Line (NACL) was documented using a small autonomous aircraft and two Doppler sodars. NACLs are long convergence lines that form on the western side of northern Cape York Peninsula and are typically marked by a line of contiguous cumulus or cumulus congestus cloud. The observations show that the degree of asymmetry between west‐coast and east‐coast sea breezes (as characterized by the wind field) depends on the strength of the background easterlies, and that NACLs develop only when the background easterlies are sufficiently large (≥ 5 m s−1).GLEX III focused on morning glories, which are (mostly) southwestward‐moving bore‐like convergence lines that originate over the southern part of the gulf region. The field experiment involved Doppler sodar measurements as well as high‐temporal‐resolution data from operational automatic weather stations. The sodar measurements showed that undular bore‐like morning glory cloud lines develop only when the background easterlies are sufficiently weak (≤ 10 m s−1) and that strong bore‐like morning glories develop when the background winds exceed about 10 m s−1. If the background easterlies are too strong, no morning glories develop. Numerical simulations show that the structure of convergence line produced depends on the strength of the collision between the sea breezes from each side of the Cape York Peninsula, which in turn depends on the strength of the background easterlies. When the easterlies are weak (≤ 10 m s−1), the sea breezes have similar depths and strengths, and their collision is relatively violent, whereas when the background easterlies are strong (> 10 m s−1) the sea breezes have very different depths and strengths and their collision is comparatively benign.
High Performance Photoswitches Based on Flexible and Amorphous D–A Polymer Nanowires
Authors: Liu Yao , Wang Haifeng , Dong Huanli , Jiang Lang , Hu Wenping , Zhan Xiaowei 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA fluorene‐based donor–acceptor conjugated polymer is synthesized and the polymer nanowires are successfully prepared with high quality and large scale using a simple and practical template dipping method. These amorphous polymer nanowires are flexible and show excellent photoconductive properties with reliable reproducibility. The individual nanowire photoswitches exhibit a responsivity as high as 1700 mA W−1 and an on/off ratio as high as 2000 under a light intensity of 5.76 mW cm−2 and a driving voltage of 40 V.
Behavior and Toxicity of Graphene and Its Functionalized Derivatives in Biological Systems
Authors: Yang Kai , Li Yingjie , Tan Xiaofang , Peng Rui , Liu Zhuang 
Published: September 2012

AbstractGraphene, as a class of 2D carbon nanomaterial, has attracted tremendous interest in different areas in recent years including biomedicine. The toxicity and behavior of graphene in biological systems are thus important fundamental issues that require significant attention. In this article, the toxicity of graphene is reviewed by describing the behavior of graphene and its derivatives in microorganisms, cells, and animals. Despite certain inconsistencies in several detailed experimental results and hypotheses of toxicity mechanisms, results from numerous reports all agree that the physicochemical properties such as surface functional groups, charges, coatings, sizes, and structural defects of graphene may affect its in vitro/in vivo behavior as well as its toxicity in biological systems. It is hoped that this review article will provide an overview understanding of the impacts, behavior, and toxicology of graphene and its derivatives in various biological systems.
Interference‐aware spectrum handover for cognitive radio networks
Authors: Lu Dianjie , Huang Xiaoxia , Zhang Weile , Fan Jianping 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTCognitive radio (CR) is a promising technique for future wireless networks, which significantly improves spectrum utilization. In CR networks, when the primary users (PUs) appear, the secondary users (SUs) have to switch to other available channels to avoid the interference to PUs. However, in the multi‐SU scenario, it is still a challenging problem to make an optimal decision on spectrum handover because of the the accumulated interference constraint of PUs and SUs. In this paper, we propose an interference‐aware spectrum handover scheme that aims to maximize the CR network capacity and minimize the spectrum handover overhead by coordinating SUs’ handover decision optimally in the PU–SU coexisted CR networks. On the basis of the interference temperature model, the spectrum handover problem is formulated as a constrained optimization problem, which is in general a non‐deterministic polynomial‐time hard problem. To address the problem in a feasible way, we design a heuristic algorithm by using the technique of Branch and Bound. Finally, we combine our spectrum handover scheme with power control and give a convenient solution in a single‐SU scenario. Experimental results show that our algorithm can improve the network performance efficiently.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Construction of blow-up solutions for Zakharov system on \( T^{2} \)
Authors: Kishimoto Nobu , Maeda Masaya 
Published: September 2012

We consider the Zakharov system in two space dimension with periodic boundary condition:

\tag{Z}
\left\{\begin{array}{l} i\partial _{t}u = −\mathrm{\Delta }u + nu, \\ \partial _{tt}n = \mathrm{\Delta }n + \mathrm{\Delta }|u|^{2},\:(t,x) \in [0,T) \times \mathbb{T}^{2}. \end{array}\right.

We prove the existence of finite time blow-up solutions of (Z). Further, we show there exists no minimal mass blow-up solution.

Résumé
Nous considérons le système de Zakharov dans lʼespace à deux dimensions avec la condition périodique au bord :

\tag{Z}
\left\{\begin{array}{l} i\partial _{t}u = −\mathrm{\Delta }u + nu, \\ \partial _{tt}n = \mathrm{\Delta }n + \mathrm{\Delta }|u|^{2},\:(t,x) \in [0,T) \times \mathbb{T}^{2}. \end{array}\right.

Nous prouvons lʼexistence de solutions de (Z) explosant au temps fini. En outre, nous prouvons quʼil nʼy a aucune solution explosive de masse minimale.
EXISTENCE OF NONINNER AUTOMORPHISMS OF ORDER p IN SOME FINITE p-GROUPS
Authors: SHABANI-ATTAR M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractLet G be a nonabelian finite p-group of order pm. A long-standing conjecture asserts that G admits a noninner automorphism of order p. In this paper we prove the validity of the conjecture if exp (G)=pm−2. We also show that if G is a finite p-group of maximal class, then G has at least p(p−1) noninner automorphisms of order p which fix Φ(G) elementwise.
NOTE ON ODD MULTIPERFECT NUMBERS
Authors: DAI LI-XIA , PAN HAO , TANG CUI-E 
Published: September 2012

AbstractFor $k\geq 2$ and $r\geq 1$, we prove that the number of odd $k$-perfect numbers with $r$ distinct prime factors is at most $4^{r^2}(k-1)^{2r^2+3}$.
Fruit yield and quality responses of apple cvars Gala and Fuji to partial rootzone drying under Mediterranean conditions
Authors: FRANCAVIGLIA D. , FARINA V. , AVELLONE G. , LO BIANCO R. 
Published: September 2012

SUMMARYIncreasing irrigation efficiency is a major goal for fruit production in dry Mediterranean environments. The present study was conducted in three consecutive years (2007–09) under typical Mediterranean conditions and tested the effect of partial rootzone drying (PRD) on yield and fruit quality of two apple cultivars: Gala, with fruit maturing in summer and Fuji, with fruit maturing in autumn. Three irrigation treatments were imposed: conventional irrigation (CI), PRD (0·50 of CI water on one side of the rootzone, which was alternated periodically) and continuous deficit irrigation (DI, 0·50 of CI water on both sides of the rootzone). During the 2008 and 2009 irrigation seasons, DI reduced tree water status, and to some extent soil moisture, compared with CI and PRD. In all the years and both cultivars, DI reduced crop load by 11 and 5% over CI and PRD, respectively. In cvar Fuji, DI reduced production per tree by 9% and yield efficiency by 16% compared with CI. In all years for cvar Gala and in 2 of the 3 years for cvar Fuji, PRD and DI increased fruit soluble solid content by 5–6%, whereas PRD improved peel colour only in cvar Fuji and in 2 of the 3 years. In cvar Gala, DI fruit showed 27% more sorbitol and 55% more sucrose than PRD fruit. In both cultivars, PRD determined greater marketable yield and profit than DI. Irrigation water productivity (IWP) was increased by both PRD and DI, and in Fuji, PRD induced 18% greater IWP than DI. The different responses of the two cultivars to irrigation treatments can be attributed to differences in canopy size, crop load and mostly to the different timing of fruit growth. In particular, undergoing fast fruit growth during the irrigation period seems to induce permanent yield reductions in DI (but not PRD) trees of cvar Fuji, whereas water deficit during late fruit growth and lower crop load may have cancelled the negative effect of DI in the smaller trees of cvar Gala.
WOMEN'S AUTONOMY AND UNINTENDED PREGNANCIES IN THE PHILIPPINES
Authors: ABADA TERESA , TENKORANG ERIC Y. 
Published: September 2012

SummaryTo date, very few studies have examined what contributes to unwanted and mistimed births in the Philippines. In a country where women have higher educational levels than their male counterparts, and their status is among the highest in Asia, it is expected that unwanted births will be low. The evidence, however, points to the contrary as 44% of births reported in the last five years were unintended. Using the 2003 Philippines National Demographic and Health Survey, this article focuses on married women who are currently pregnant and those who had given birth in the last five years. Multinomial logistic regression is employed to ascertain the risks of a recent birth/pregnancy being unwanted, mistimed or wanted. Regardless of women's status, having a final say in household and sexual matters with husbands lowers the risk of unwanted births but not mistimed births, calling into question the use of status variables such as education and wealth as indicators of women's autonomy. The success of implementing family planning programmes and policies in reducing unintended pregnancies underscores the importance of understanding how women are able (or unable) to make decisions surrounding their reproductive intentions.
An Anti-Urban Education? Work Camps and Ideals of the Land in Interwar Britain
Authors: FIELD JOHN 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis article examines the role of work camp movements in developing rural critiques of urban living in interwar Britain. A variety of work camp movements flourished in Europe during the interwar years, often partly as a reaction against urbanisation, and this paper explores the ways in which three such movements developed the work camp as a means of countering the socialising influences of city life. Yet while all of the interwar British work camps were located in the countryside, they varied in the extent to which they tried to promote rural values and orientations among their trainees. We can see the work camp as a liminal pedagogic space, designed to lead trainees to particular educational outcomes, using techniques and methods that focused on bodily change as well as cognitive development.
Infrasonic waves generated by supersonic auroral arcs
Authors: Pasko Victor P. 
Published: September 2012

A finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) model of infrasound propagation in a realistic atmosphere is used to provide quantitative interpretation of infrasonic waves produced by auroral arcs moving with supersonic speed. The Lorentz force and Joule heating are discussed in the existing literature as primary sources producing infrasound waves in the frequency range 0.1–0.01 Hz associated with the auroral electrojet. The results are consistent with original ideas of Swift (1973) and demonstrate that the synchronization of the speed of auroral arc and phase speed of the acoustic wave in the electrojet volume is an important condition for generation of magnitudes and frequency contents of infrasonic waves observable on the ground. The reported modeling also allows accurate quantitative reproduction of previously observed complex infrasonic waveforms including direct shock and reflected shockwaves, which are refracted back to the earth by the thermosphere.
Heat flow in vapor dominated areas of the Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field: Implications for the thermal budget of the Yellowstone Caldera
Authors: Hurwitz Shaul , Harris Robert N. , Werner Cynthia A. , Murphy Fred 
Published: September 2012

Characterizing the vigor of magmatic activity in Yellowstone requires knowledge of the mechanisms and rates of heat transport between magma and the ground surface. We present results from a heat flow study in two vapor dominated, acid‐sulfate thermal areas in the Yellowstone Caldera, the 0.11 km2 Obsidian Pool Thermal Area (OPTA) and the 0.25 km2 Solfatara Plateau Thermal Area (SPTA). Conductive heat flux through a low permeability layer capping large vapor reservoirs is calculated from soil temperature measurements at >600 locations and from laboratory measurements of soil properties. The conductive heat output is 3.6 ± 0.4 MW and 7.5 ± 0.4 MW from the OPTA and the SPTA, respectively. The advective heat output from soils is 1.3 ± 0.3 MW and 1.2 ± 0.3 MW from the OPTA and the SPTA, respectively and the heat output from thermal pools in the OPTA is 6.8 ± 1.4 MW. These estimates result in a total heat output of 11.8 ± 1.4 MW and 8.8 ± 0.4 MW from OPTA and SPTA, respectively. Focused zones of high heat flux in both thermal areas are roughly aligned with regional faults suggesting that faults in both areas serve as conduits for the rising acid vapor. Extrapolation of the average heat flux from the OPTA (103 ± 2 W·m−2) and SPTA (35 ± 3 W·m−2) to the ∼35 km2 of vapor dominated areas in Yellowstone yields 3.6 and 1.2 GW, respectively, which is less than the total heat output transported by steam from the Yellowstone Caldera as estimated by the chloride inventory method (4.0 to 8.0 GW).
Major‐element abundances on the surface of Mercury: Results from the MESSENGER Gamma‐Ray Spectrometer
Authors: Evans Larry G. , Peplowski Patrick N. , Rhodes Edgar A. , Lawrence David J. , McCoy Timothy J. , Nittler Larry R. , Solomon Sean C. , Sprague Ann L. , Stockstill‐Cahill Karen R. , Starr Richard D. , Weider Shoshana Z. , Boynton William V. , Hamara David K. , Goldsten John O. 
Published: September 2012

Orbital gamma‐ray measurements obtained by the MESSENGER spacecraft have been analyzed to determine the abundances of the major elements Al, Ca, S, Fe, and Na on the surface of Mercury. The Si abundance was determined and used to normalize those of the other reported elements. The Na analysis provides the first abundance estimate of 2.9 ± 0.1 wt% for this element on Mercury's surface. The other elemental results (S/Si = 0.092 ± 0.015, Ca/Si = 0.24 ± 0.05, and Fe/Si = 0.077 ± 0.013) are consistent with those previously obtained by the MESSENGER X‐Ray Spectrometer, including the high sulfur and low iron abundances. Because of different sampling depths for the two techniques, this agreement indicates that Mercury's regolith is, on average, homogenous to a depth of tens of centimeters. The elemental results from gamma‐ray and X‐ray spectrometry are most consistent with petrologic models suggesting that Mercury's surface is dominated by Mg‐rich silicates. We also compare the results with those obtained during the MESSENGER flybys and with ground‐based observations of Mercury's surface and exosphere.
Notch signalling inhibits the adipogenic differentiation of single‐cell‐derived mesenchymal stem cell clones isolated from human adipose tissue
Authors: Osathanon Thanaphum , Subbalekha Keskanya , Sastravaha Panunn , Pavasant Prasit 
Published: September 2012

AbstractADSCs (adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells) are candidate adult stem cells for regenerative medicine. Notch signalling participates in the differentiation of a heterogeneous ADSC population. We have isolated, human adipose tissue‐derived single‐cell clones using a cloning ring technique and characterized for their stem cell characteristics. The role of Notch signalling in the differentiation capacity of these adipose‐derived single‐cell‐clones has also been investigated. All 14 clones expressed embryonic and mesenchymal stem cell marker genes. These clones could differentiate into both osteogenic and adipogenic lineages. However, the differentiation potential of each clone was different. Low adipogenic clones had significantly higher mRNA expression levels of Notch 2, 3 and 4, Jagged1, as well as Delta1, compared with those of high adipogenic clones. In contrast, no changes in expression of Notch signalling component mRNA between low and high osteogenic clones was found. Notch receptor mRNA expression decreased with the adipogenic differentiation of both low and high adipogenic clones. The γ‐secretase inhibitor, DAPT (N‐[N‐(3,5‐difluorophenacetyl)‐l‐alanyl]‐(S)‐phenylglycine t‐butyl ester), enhanced adipogenic differentiation. Correspondingly, cells seeded on a Notch ligand (Jagged1) bound surface showed lower intracellular lipid accumulation. These results were noted in both low and high adipogenic clones, indicating that Notch signalling inhibited the adipogenic differentiation of adipose ADSC clones, and could be used to identify an adipogenic susceptible subpopulation for soft‐tissue augmentation application.
High sensitivity SQUID-detection and feedback-cooling of an ultrasoft microcantilever
Authors: Vinante A. , Kirste A. , den Haan A. , Usenko O. , Wijts G. , Jeffrey E. , Sonin P. , Bouwmeester D. , Oosterkamp T. H. 
Published: September 2012

We measure the motion of an ultrasoft cantilever, carrying a ferromagnetic particle, by means of a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). In our scheme, the cantilever motion modulates the magnetic flux in the SQUID due to the coupling with the magnetic particle. For the cantilever fundamental mode, cooled to temperatures below 100 mK, we achieve a dimensionless coupling factor as large as 0.07, displacement sensitivity of 200 fm/Hz, and subattonewton force sensitivity. We demonstrate the outstanding combination of very low displacement and force noise by feedback-cooling the cantilever mode to an effective mode temperature of 160 μK.