bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated power saving for relay node and user equipment in LTE‐A
Authors: Yang Chun‐Chuan , Chen Jeng‐Yueng , Mai Yi‐Ting , Liu Hsieh‐Hua 
Published: November 2015

SummaryBy introduction of relay nodes, LTE‐Advanced can provide enhanced coverage and capacity at cell edges and hot‐spot areas. The authors have been researching the issue of power saving in mobile communications technology such as WiMax and Long Term Evolution (LTE) for some years. Based on the previous idea of load‐based power saving, two strategies each with associated schemes to integrated relay nodes and user equipment in power saving are proposed in the paper. Simulation study shows the benefit of the proposed schemes in terms of better power saving than the standard‐based scheme at the cost of moderately increased delay. Extended discussion about the impact of different load distribution among user equipments and the impact of a worse backhaul link on power saving is also presented in the paper. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sensing throughput trade‐off for an energy efficient cognitive radio network under faded sensing and reporting channel
Authors: Bhowmick Abhijit , Roy Sanjay Dhar , Kundu Sumit 
Published: November 2015

SummaryThe trade‐off between sensing time and throughput is investigated in the context of an energy‐efficient cognitive radio network considering both the sensing and reporting channels are Rayleigh faded, while the existing literature considered the fading in sensing channel only. In this paper, such a trade‐off is re‐examined under Rayleigh faded sensing as well as reporting channel. Novel analytical expressions for overall detection probability and false alarm probability are developed under such scenario. The performance is investigated in terms of detection probability, false alarm probability, throughput and energy efficiency of the network for different sensing parameters such as sensing time, number of samples, sensing channel signal‐to‐noise ratio and reporting channel signal‐to‐noise ratio. Our analysis shows that the quality of the reporting channel significantly affects the trade‐off performance of the network. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CD40 ligand‐expressing recombinant vaccinia virus promotes the generation of CD8+ central memory T cells
Authors: Trella Emanuele , Raafat Nermin , Mengus Chantal , Traunecker Emmanuel , Governa Valeria , Heidtmann Swantje , Heberer Michael , Oertli Daniel , Spagnoli Giulio C. , Zajac Paul 
Published: November 2015

Central memory CD8+ T cells (TCM) play key roles in the protective immunity against infectious agents, cancer immunotherapy, and adoptive treatments of malignant and viral diseases. CD8+ TCM cells are characterized by specific phenotypes, homing, and proliferative capacities. However, CD8+ TCM‐cell generation is challenging, and usually requires CD4+ CD40L+ T‐cell “help” during the priming of naïve CD8+ T cells. We have generated a replication incompetent CD40 ligand‐expressing recombinant vaccinia virus (rVV40L) to promote the differentiation of human naïve CD8+ T cells into TCM specific for viral and tumor‐associated antigens. Soluble CD40 ligand recombinant protein (sCD40L), and vaccinia virus wild‐type (VV WT), alone or in combination, were used as controls. Here, we show that, in the absence of CD4+ T cells, a single “in vitro” stimulation of naïve CD8+ T cells by rVV40L‐infected nonprofessional CD14+ antigen presenting cells promotes the rapid generation of viral or tumor associated antigen‐specific CD8+ T cells displaying TCM phenotypic and functional properties. These observations demonstrate the high ability of rVV40L to fine tune CD8+ mediated immune responses, and strongly support the use of similar reagents for clinical immunization and adoptive immunotherapy purposes.
Complex mixtures, complex responses: Assessing pharmaceutical mixtures using field and laboratory approaches
Authors: Schoenfuss Heiko L. , Furlong Edward T. , Phillips Pat J. , Scott Tia-Marie , Kolpin Dana W. , Cetkovic-Cvrlje Marina , Lesteberg Kelsey E. , Rearick Daniel C. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

Pharmaceuticals are present in low concentrations (&lt;100 ng/L) in most municipal wastewater effluents but may be elevated locally because of factors such as input from pharmaceutical formulation facilities. Using existing concentration data, the authors assessed pharmaceuticals in laboratory exposures of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) and added environmental complexity through effluent exposures. In the laboratory, larval and mature minnows were exposed to a simple opioid mixture (hydrocodone, methadone, and oxycodone), an opioid agonist (tramadol), a muscle relaxant (methocarbamol), a simple antidepressant mixture (fluoxetine, paroxetine, venlafaxine), a sleep aid (temazepam), or a complex mixture of all compounds. Larval minnow response to effluent exposure was not consistent. The 2010 exposures resulted in shorter exposed minnow larvae, whereas the larvae exposed in 2012 exhibited altered escape behavior. Mature minnows exhibited altered hepatosomatic indices, with the strongest effects in females and in mixture exposures. In addition, laboratory-exposed, mature male minnows exposed to all pharmaceuticals (except the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor mixture) defended nest sites less rigorously than fish in the control group. Tramadol or antidepressant mixture exposure resulted in increased splenic T lymphocytes. Only male minnows exposed to whole effluent responded with increased plasma vitellogenin concentrations. Female minnows exposed to pharmaceuticals (except the opioid mixture) had larger livers, likely as a compensatory result of greater prominence of vacuoles in liver hepatocytes. The observed alteration of apical endpoints central to sustaining fish populations confirms that effluents containing waste streams from pharmaceutical formulation facilities can adversely impact fish populations but that the effects may not be temporally consistent. The present study highlights the importance of including diverse biological endpoints spanning levels of biological organization and life stages when assessing contaminant interactions. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:953–965. © 2015 SETAC
Landfill leachate as a mirror of today's disposable society: Pharmaceuticals and other contaminants of emerging concern in final leachate from landfills in the conterminous United States
Authors: Masoner Jason R. , Kolpin Dana W. , Furlong Edward T. , Cozzarelli Isabelle M. , Gray James L. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

Final leachates (leachate after storage or treatment processes) from 22 landfills in 12 states were analyzed for 190 pharmaceuticals and other contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), which were detected in every sample, with the number of CECs ranging from 1 to 58 (median = 22). In total, 101 different CECs were detected in leachate samples, including 43 prescription pharmaceuticals, 22 industrial chemicals, 15 household chemicals, 12 nonprescription pharmaceuticals, 5 steroid hormones, and 4 animal/plant sterols. The most frequently detected CECs were lidocaine (91%, local anesthetic), cotinine (86%, nicotine degradate), carisoprodol (82%, muscle relaxant), bisphenol A (77%, component of plastics and thermal paper), carbamazepine (77%, anticonvulsant), and N,N-diethyltoluamide (68%, insect repellent). Concentrations of CECs spanned 7 orders of magnitude, ranging from 2.0 ng/L (estrone) to 17 200 000 ng/L (bisphenol A). Concentrations of household and industrial chemicals were the greatest (∼1000–1 000 000 ng/L), followed by plant/animal sterols (∼1000–100 000 ng/L), nonprescription pharmaceuticals (∼100–10 000 ng/L), prescription pharmaceuticals (∼10–10 000 ng/L), and steroid hormones (∼10–100 ng/L). The CEC concentrations in leachate from active landfills were significantly greater than those in leachate from closed, unlined landfills (p = 0.05). The CEC concentrations were significantly greater (p &lt; 0.01) in untreated leachate compared with treated leachate. The CEC concentrations were significantly greater in leachate disposed to wastewater treatment plants from modern lined landfills than in leachate released to groundwater from closed, unlined landfills (p = 0.04). The CEC concentrations were significantly greater (p = 0.06) in the fresh leachate (leachate before storage or treatment) reported in a previous study compared with the final leachate sampled for the present study. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:906–918. Published 2015 SETAC. This article is a US Government work and as such, is in the public domain in the United States.
Analytical performance estimation of network‐assisted D2D communications in urban scenarios with rectangular cells
Authors: Samuylov Andrey , Ometov Aleksandr , Begishev Vyacheslav , Kovalchukov Roman , Moltchanov Dmitri , Gaidamaka Yuliya , Samouylov Konstantin , Andreev Sergey , Koucheryavy Yevgeni 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe aggressive spatial reuse of radio resources is considered today as one of the most promising avenues to achieve significant cellular capacity improvements in future fifth‐generation networks. Accordingly, device‐to‐device (D2D) communications are an emerging paradigm that promises to offer these much expected gains without the need for additional investments into the network infrastructure. However, before this attractive technology can be deployed ubiquitously, the research community has to fully understand the extent of its potential performance benefits across typical scenarios of interest. In this work, we consider one such use case of rectangular cells (common for offices, shopping malls, dormitories, etc.) and develop the corresponding analytical methodology for D2D performance evaluation. As our target metric, we employ the signal‐to‐interference (SIR) ratio experienced by a D2D user. To this end, we propose two relatively simple approximations for SIR distribution and hence capture the related parameters, including user throughput. Further, we carefully investigate the most interesting numerical results by making important conclusions on the envisioned operation of our chosen scenario. In particular, we demonstrate that under certain conditions, the SIR behaviour is insensitive to the dimensions of cells, while different propagation exponents ‘scale’ its density function thus allowing to simplify the characterisation of SIR in a wide range of input parameters. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A limited feedback based network coding retransmission scheme for machine‐to‐machine wireless broadcasting
Authors: Wang Jian , Xu Youyun , Wang Cong , Xu Kui 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we focus on network coding based wireless broadcasting problem in a machine‐to‐machine (M2M) scenario where massive M2M devices (MDs) exist. On the finding that numerous feedback messages are required in traditional full feedback based network coding schemes, which imposes a heavy feedback load to the system, we propose a Limited Feedback based Network Coding Retransmission (LFNCR) scheme on the purpose of achieving a practical coverage rate CR (CR < 100%). Instead of the accurate feedback‐by‐packet mechanism, in LFNCR, a feedback‐by‐stage mechanism is applied, that is, each MD feeds back a generation for pseudo‐random network coded packets in a next retransmission stage; thus, feedback load is significantly decreased. In order to maximise broadcast efficiency, we further propose a two‐step generation optimization procedure. In particular, in the first step, each MD determines a local optimal generation and sends it to the base station; in the second step, base station selects a global optimal generation among local optimal generations corresponding to the target coverage rate. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that in the proposed LFNCR, only extreme few feedback is required, compared with traditional full feedback based network coding retransmission schemes, meanwhile acceptable broadcast efficiency could be achieved. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Affine Term Structure Model with Macroeconomic Factors: Do No‐Arbitrage Restriction and Macroeconomic Factors Imply Better Out‐of‐Sample Forecasts?
Authors: Ullah Wali 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis study extends the affine dynamic Nelson–Siegel model for the inclusion of macroeconomic variables. Five macroeconomic variables are included in affine term structure model, derived under the arbitrage‐free restriction, to evaluate their role in the in‐sample fitting and out‐of‐sample forecasting of the term structure. We show that the relationship between the macroeconomic factors and yield data has an intuitive interpretation, and that there is interdependence between the yield and macroeconomic factors. Moreover, the macroeconomic factors significantly improve the forecast performance of the model. The affine Nelson–Siegel type models outperform the benchmark simple time series forecast models. The out‐of‐sample predictability of the affine Nelson–Siegel model with macroeconomic factors for the short horizon is superior to the simple affine yield model for all maturities, and for longer horizons the former is still compatible to the latter, particularly for medium and long maturities. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of antibiotic choices made in the emergency department on appropriateness of antibiotic treatment of urinary tract infections in hospitalized patients
Authors: Kiyatkin Dmitry , Bessman Edward , McKenzie Robin 
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUNDOveruse of antibiotics to treat urinary tract infections (UTIs) is common in hospitalized patients and may begin in the emergency department (ED).METHODSFor a 4‐week period we reviewed medical records of all patients admitted to the hospital who initiated treatment for a UTI in the ED.RESULTSAccording to study criteria, initiation of antibiotics was inappropriate for 55 of 94 patients (59% [95% confidence interval {CI}, 48%‐69%]), and continuation after admission was inappropriate for 54 of 80 patients (68% [95% CI, 57%‐78%]).CONCLUSIONFailure to reevaluate the need for antibiotics initiated in the ED to treat UTIs may lead to overuse of antibiotics in hospitalized patients. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2016;11:181–184. © 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine
Hydroxycinnamic acids as affected by different fertilization of Rebula grapevines
Authors: Brataševec Kristina , Vodopivec Branka Mozetič , Petek Marko , Sivilotti Paolo 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe phenolic composition of white grapes is important since browning reactions may dramatically compromise the overall quality of musts and wines. Only few scientific contributions are available, which investigated how fertilization can influence this class of compounds. Thus, the aim of this work was to examine the effects of NPK soil fertilization coupled with soil or foliar applications of Mg, Fe, and Zn on the concentrations of K, Mg, Fe, and Zn of grape berries and leaf petioles of potted Rebula grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.), also revealing the change of hydroxycinnamic acids in grape juice. The results obtained over the three‐year study (2009–2011) showed that NPK fertilization positively affected K and Zn concentrations of petioles and grape berries, and negatively Mg. In addition, K (synergistic) and Mg (antagonistic) had an influence on Zn uptake. Our findings suggest that the supply of NPK was profitable for a reduction of trans‐caftaric acid in grape juice, while only few differences were observed with further application of nutrients.
Vegetation dynamics from a coastal peatland: insights from combined plant macrofossil and pollen data
Authors: Waller Martyn , Early Richard 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTThis paper reports the results of plant‐macrofossil investigations from a peat layer buried within coastal alluvium at the Caburn, a site adjacent to the English chalkland. The data collected are compared against a published mid‐Holocene pollen sequence with the macrofossil record providing greater taxonomic resolution and establishing a local presence for many taxa. Alnus glutinosa pollen is abundant and Alnus macrofossils are recorded continuously over a c. 3000 cal year period. Fluctuations in the number of Alnus propagules and the presence of seeds of light‐demanding herbaceous plants suggest that regeneration occurred at a local scale, a process which is likely to have been promoted by a rising water table and sediment consolidation. Taxus baccata macrofossils were also recovered, indicating that the high pollen values previously reported may be the result of yew being present within the wetland area. The Tilia macrofossils establish the presence nearby of T. cordata, T. × europaea and T. platyphyllos. High pollen values for Quercus, Tilia and Alnus coincide with the occurrence of their anthers. Deposition within inflorescences is therefore likely to have been an important mode of pollen delivery. The usefulness of both techniques in studies that utilize peats derived from fen carr vegetation are discussed.
Frequency and cause of readmissions following pediatric otolaryngologic surgery
Authors: Murray Ryan , Logvinenko Tanya , Roberson David 
Published: November 2015

Objectives/HypothesisTo characterize the frequency and nature of readmissions to free standing pediatric hospitals after otolaryngologic procedures.Study DesignRetrospective national database analysis.MethodsUsing the Pediatric Health Information Systems database, we examined 30‐day inpatient readmissions in children less than 18 years old who underwent otolaryngology procedures between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2011. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses accounting for correlated structure of the data identified factors related to readmission rate. Reasons for readmission and the postoperative day at which readmission occurred were also examined.ResultsIn the 24‐month study period, a total of 493,507 procedures were performed, resulting in 11,574 (2.3%) 30‐day readmissions. Readmission rates varied significantly based on the type of procedure, patient age, and presence of chronic medical condition(s). Direct surgical complications accounted for 3,432 (29.7%) of all readmissions; and 4,729 (40.9%) of all readmissions occurred following tonsil and adenoid surgery.ConclusionReadmissions after pediatric otolaryngologic surgery are relatively uncommon. These readmission rates vary directly with the type of procedure performed, as well as patient level factors (i.e., patient age, ethnicity, and the presence of other medical comorbidities). These data demonstrate that if readmission rates are to be used as a quality measure in pediatric otolaryngology procedures, complex risk adjustment of patient level variables will be necessary to accurately compare outcomes between different hospitals.Level of Evidence2c. Laryngoscope, 126:199–204, 2016
Well‐controlled ATRP of 2‐(2‐(2‐azidoethyoxy)ethoxy)ethyl methacrylate for high‐density click functionalization of polymers and metallic substrates
Authors: Liu Pingsheng , Song Jie 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTThe combination of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and click chemistry has created unprecedented opportunities for controlled syntheses of functional polymers. ATRP of azido‐bearing methacrylate monomers (e.g., 2‐(2‐(2‐azidoethyoxy)ethoxy)ethyl methacrylate, AzTEGMA), however, proceeded with poor control at commonly adopted temperature of 50 °C, resulting in significant side reactions. By lowering reaction temperature and monomer concentrations, well‐defined pAzTEGMA with significantly reduced polydispersity were prepared within a reasonable timeframe. Upon subsequent functionalization of the side chains of pAzTEGMA via Cu(I)‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) click chemistry, functional polymers with number‐average molecular weights (Mn) up to 22 kDa with narrow polydispersity (PDI < 1.30) were obtained. Applying the optimized polymerization condition, we also grafted pAzTEGMA brushes from Ti6Al4 substrates by surface‐initiated ATRP (SI‐ATRP), and effectively functionalized the azide‐terminated side chains with hydrophobic and hydrophilic alkynes by CuAAC. The well‐controlled ATRP of azido‐bearing methacrylates and subsequent facile high‐density functionalization of the side chains of the polymethacrylates via CuAAC offers a useful tool for engineering functional polymers or surfaces for diverse applications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 1268–1277
Preparation of hybrid triple‐stimuli responsive nanogels based on poly(L‐histidine)
Authors: Bilalis Panayiotis , Varlas Spyridon , Kiafa Aikaterini , Velentzas Athanassios , Stravopodis Dimitrios , Iatrou Hermis 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTA series of novel multi‐responsive disulfide cross‐linked polypeptide nanogels has been synthesized by a one‐step ring‐opening polymerization process. The pH‐responsive core of the prepared nanogels was based on poly(L‐histidine), the difunctional N‐carboxy anhydride of l‐cystine (l‐Cys‐NCA) was used as a reduction‐cleavable cross‐linking agent, while the outer hydrophilic corona was comprised of a poly(ethylene oxide) block. Extensive molecular characterization studies were conducted in order to confirm the formation of the desired polymeric nanostructures and also to prove their responsiveness to external stimuli within the physiological values of healthy and cancer tissues. Furthermore, the disruption of the disulfide‐bond linkages between the polymeric chains was achieved by the presence of the reductive tripeptide glutathione (GSH), leading to size variations that were monitored by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and size‐exclusion chromatography (SEC). “Stealth” properties of the formed nanostructures were examined by zeta potential measurements. The described nanogels are clearly promising candidates for drug delivery applications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 1278–1288
Efficient carrier‐injection and electron‐confinement in UV‐B light‐emitting diodes
Authors: Kolbe T. , Stellmach J. , Mehnke F. , Rothe M.‐A. , Kueller V. , Knauer A. , Einfeldt S. , Wernicke T. , Weyers M. , Kneissl M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe effects of the aluminum content x and the magnesium doping concentration in the AlGaN:Mg electron blocking layer on the emission characteristics of ultraviolet light‐emitting diodes has been investigated. The carrier injection in the light‐emitting diodes is simulated and compared with electroluminescence measurements. The light output power depends strongly on the aluminum mole fraction x as well as on the magnesium supply in the vapor phase during the growth of the AlGaN:Mg electron blocking layer. The highest output power has been found for an aluminum content x of around 44% and an Mg/III‐ratio of 3.0% for light‐emitting diodes with an emission wavelength near 320 nm. This effect can be attributed to an improved carrier injection and confinement preventing electron leakage into the p‐doped layers of the light‐emitting diode and an effective hole injection into the active region.