bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lessons Learned from the Global Implementation and Evolution of a System to Track Environmental Performance Indicators
Authors: Kuykendall Dina 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Measuring environmental performance is a critical step in reducing the environmental footprint of a company's operations. By tracking and analyzing key environmental metrics, we can begin to understand how our particular activities impact the environment, enhancing our ability to set appropriate improvement goals and develop specific action plans to achieve those goals. This paper describes the design, implementation and evolution of the company's tracking system for environmental performance indicators.
A pilot project was first conducted to evaluate the burden of additional reporting and the feasibility of tracking this data in various regions around the world. An extensive evaluation process then commenced to select the best "fit for purpose" web-based software system.
A global team developed a phased implementation plan and provided input for various communication and user tools. These included a training manual, a Quick Start Guide and list of frequently asked questions, supplemented by multiple webinar training sessions, and a dedicated support person to provide assistance to users. Webpages were developed for the tracking system "user tools" and a second "toolkit" dedicated to resources, awareness materials and success stories to promote conservation and improvement projects.
Once the tracking system was implemented, emphasis was placed on developing specific reports to compile and analyze data for facilities, regions and business units. Data is normalized to account for changes in activity using a variety of factors. A dashboard is now under development to promote an instant view of key environmental metrics and support the company's environmental goals to reduce energy, water and greenhouse gas emissions. Efficiencies have also been realized by importing data from other systems, and using data for internal and external sustainability reporting. These and other lessons learned are presented, along with best practices.
Health and Safety Risk Management - A cornerstone of Response Readiness
Authors: Lee Nai Ming 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The readiness of a response organisation to act when mobilised constitutes a key measure of performance. Central to the notion of ‘Response Readiness’, are competent personnel who have been equipped and trained for the job.
In the context of an of an oil spill response, it is recognised that responders are often required to work in diverse and challenging environments; these difficulties may be compounded by uncertainties in local support. Thus, the effective management of health and safety risks is critical, not only to ensure the safety and well being of personnel, but also to ensure that a response can be successfully carried out.
To address this, Oil Spill Response Limited (OSRL) adopted a comprehensive approach that not only addresses conventional health and safety risks, but also unconventional threats posed by global terrorism and regional unrest, as well as devastation resulting from natural disasters.
This approach is underpinned by pre-employment medical examination for new recruits, coupled with scheduled health assessments during employment, inoculation against a range of diseases, and provision of both broad-based and specialised HSE training to manage conventional health and safety risks.
Unconventional risks are managed through the implementation of a travel security protocol that hinges on the subscription to specialist advice, access to information, risk assessment, and interfacing our operations with the clients’.
Contingency planning is also an integral part of the risk management framework; this is supported by a Crisis Management Plan and access to international assistance for aid provision or personnel evacuation should the need arise.
This paper will present the approach taken by OSRL to manage health and safety risks, as a showcase of how such risk management forms a cornerstone of ‘Response Readiness’ to ensure service delivery as an international tier 3 oil spill response organisation. The paper will also examine the significance of management accountability and visibility as integral components of this framework.
A Tool For Optimizing The Energy Efficiency Over The Field Life
Authors: Labeyrie Hadrien , Galtié Bernard , Dekeyzer Eric 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Due to a strong economic and demographic growth around the world, global energy needs are going to increase by about 35% from now until 2030 and energy must be saved. In addition to this, GHG emissions must be reduced in order to limit the consequences of global warming. In this context, TOTAL is working on minimizing flaring and on improving the energy efficiency of its existing and future facilities.
The in-house tool presented in this paper, EAT (Energy Architecture Tool), is primarily designed for future E&P facilities: it aids in the selection of an energy-efficient and low GHG-intensive architecture, during conceptual and pre-project studies. The tool allows doing the case-by-case approach instead of a "dogma" saying that a specific architecture is equally efficient in every case. It has been validated on four new projects.
Contrarily to studies based on design cases, i.e. extreme cases, this tool simulates the behavior of the energy generation unit (mostly gas turbines) and the energy users (compressors, pumps, furnaces), for the various flows, pressure and heat requirements over the field life. These requirements are less constraining than the design case, but they last much longer, and thus they are to be considered for the energy efficiency purpose.
EAT is a two-steps tool. The first step is to set a reference of energy consumption / GHG emissions. The reference is not a target but it is an ideally optimized case taking into account the process constraints (e.g. the amount of gas to be compressed, its molecular weight, the required suction/discharge pressures per year, site conditions…). The second step is the screening of several architectures to get as close as possible to this reference over the field life. The various alternatives simulated are: number of compression / pumping trains installed, load shedding strategy, use of constant or variable speed drive, all-electric configuration (turbogenerators and electrical drivers only) versus distributed power generation (e.g. turbocompressors), turbine model or other drives, electricity import or export etc.
Once the optimal architectures are identified, the Process, Operations, Technological and Architecture teams check the operability, availability, technical feasibility and economic profitability aspects.
The tool can also be used for existing fields, for building GHG mitigation plans, for setting challenging yet achievable objectives to Operations teams and for developing more accurate forecasts.
Improving safety performance in geophysical operations: one major operator's journey
Authors: Threadgold Ian M. , Seaborne T. Richard , Cave Neil , Harrison David J. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
This paper describes a 13 year journey by a major oil and gas operator in pursuit of consistent excellence in health, safety and environmental (HSE) performance across its worldwide geophysical operations. The paper covers the major process steps that have been implemented, the significant changes to staff roles, and how participation in industry activities helped in the process. Some of the catalysts for change are also discussed.
Environmental Monitoring in the Caspian: Integrated Approach and Results
Authors: Askerov Faig , Abbasova Afag , Gahramanova Mehriban 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
BP Azerbaijan-Georgia-Turkey (AGT) Region has developed an Integrated Environmental Monitoring Program (IEMP) for its upstream activities, which include the Azeri-Chirag-Gunashli (ACG) and Shah Deniz (SD) Contract Areas located in the Azerbaijan sector of the Caspian Sea, as well as near-shore and onshore areas located near Sangachal onshore terminal.
The IEMP maximizes the cost: benefit ratio by standardizing, coordinating, and sharing information thereby allowing for a more a synergistic interpretation of results, resulting in informed management decisions to correct environmental problems. The IEMP optimizes a balance between AGT Region operations and environmental protection. The IEMP is unique in that it is designed to evaluate the effects of operational outputs (emissions, discharges, and spills) against environmental changes to provide "early warning" of potential impacts on the environment. The IEMP seeks to identify patterns and problems before the compliance limits are exceeded and enable management actions to respond to environmental change in a rapid and informed manner. This allows enhanced environmental protection that is not possible when environmental monitoring is carried out with a non-integrated, system of individual monitoring projects. Key components that were developed to enable this integration were: 1. A standardized core of monitoring procedures, 2. A central database with monitoring data that is available for sharing within AGT Region and externally, 3. Coordination among the diverse aspects of ambient and operations monitoring around AGT Region operational areas.
Between 2004 – 2010 a total of 90 monitoring studies were completed including 41 offshore, 11 near-shore and 38 onshore surveys. The IEMP is implemented with support of local and international experts based on the long-term Strategy and annual monitoring programs approved by an external panel including representatives from the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources (the regulator), State Oil Company of the Azerbaijan Republic, and the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences.
Fitness to Work: A Risk-Based Approach for the Oil and Gas Industry
Authors: Mohamed Halim , Donnelly Robin , Fraser Alistair 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
There are many tasks in the oil and gas industry in which the individual's health may pose a risk on the individual's and others’ safety. In addition, some tasks may negatively impact the health of individuals with pre-existing health conditions. Fitness to Work (FTW) assures that individuals are able to complete tasks safely without unacceptable risk to themselves, their employing company or a third party. This is done through the objective assessment of health of employees in relation to their specific jobs. There is currently no standardized approach for FTW in the oil and gas industry, resulting in a wide variety of practices among operators. The proposed risk-based FTW design process includes 5 key steps: Health risk assessment, Control options, Legal assessment, Implementation, and Review. Each step is discussed with best practice examples, lessons from real-world implementation, and common pitfalls. Outcomes and consequences of FTW assessments are also discussed. Based on 6 years of global implementation, this approach represents an effective model of systematic identification, assessment and management of the risks associated with tasks that place specific physical or psychological demands on employees.
Environmental Performance in the E&P Industry: Data for 2009 and 2010
Authors: Campbell J. , Poore W. M. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The International Association of Oil and Gas Producers (OGP) has collected environmental performance information from its member companies on an annual basis since 2001. This programme has continued and new sets of data for activities in 2009 and 2010 have been produced.
The performance information has been collected under the following five categories: Gaseous emissions;Energy consumption;Flaring;Aqueous discharges;Discharges of non-aqueous drilling fluids on cuttings; andSpills of oil and chemicals.
The ultimate aim is to provide a representative statement on environmental performance in the upstream oil & gas industry. Subsidiary objectives are to provide a basis for individual member companies to compare their environmental performance and to demonstrate the industry's wish for greater transparency concerning its activities. This will help them to identify better and more efficient ways of operating.
Performance results are presented on a global and regional basis, onshore and offshore, and normalised to hydrocarbon production. Results are shown, for ease of comparison, alongside the previous years’ published results. The paper will address emerging trends in environmental performance as well as factors that underpin the data.
36 OGP member companies took part in the survey representing about a third of known world production. Contributing companies provided data from 68 countries worldwide; however geographical coverage of the reported data remains uneven, ranging from around 100% in Europe, to 22% of known production in the Middle East and 9% in the Former Soviet Union.
Water management in a desert environment
Authors: Baldelli Gaelle 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
BP is a co-venturer in the In Salah Gas (ISG) Joint Venture which is planning to develop (4) gas fields known as Gour Mahmoud (GMD), In Salah (IS), Hassi Moumene (HMN), and Garet El Befinat (GBF) in the Saharian part of Algeria. The ISG project is located on the Tidikelt Plain within the Ahaggar, a International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) category II National Park and in the vicinity of the inhabited In Salah oases (around 35,000 inhabitants). The Project includes the drilling of a number of gas wells, the construction, commissioning and operation of approximately 300 km of pipelines and gathering systems and of a central processing facility (CPF).
The ISG's venture project is located on the western basin of the Northern Sahara Aquifer System (Système Aquifère du Sahara Septentrional – SASS) which covers a surface area of one million square kilometres shared between Algeria, Tunisia and Libya. It is composed of two superimposed aquifer systems, the "Complexe Terminal" and the "Continental Intercalaire" (CI), the latter being the only one present in the Project area.
The CI contains considerable water reserves but is considered as a fossil aquifer, only partly renewable. The main recharge period took place during the wet and cold periods of the Lower Pleistocene (20,000 to 40,000 years ago). Since then groundwater has discharged in natural depressions (sebkahs and chotts) or springs located along the border of the Sahara. Until the 19th century these natural outlets were mainly used for agriculture and for supplying drinking water to the limited population of the oases.
Integrated Noise Protection Program - From Noise Measurements to Epidemiology
Authors: Batalha Tania , Sadeleer Nico De , Plisson-Saune Stephan 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
A specific hearing conservation program was developed by Total E & P Angola (TEPA) due to the particular conditions of the country: 1)During 30 years of war people were exposed to high levels of noise and all this time no medical assessment was done. 2) Angolans have the habit to play music very loud. 3) Working offshore exposes them to noisy equipments. Considering the above cited stressors, TEPA developed a robust program of Noise protection.
An international recognized Company made a noise mapping study on the FPSO's where the noisiest places were distinguished from the less noisy. This information got regularly updated during frequent offshore assessments by the Industrial Hygiene team and also by on site personnel who received specific training to make direct measurements. In addition the workforce on board was distributed over similar exposure groups (SEG) and the workers of SEG's with elevated exposure to noise received an individual noise dosimeter, which they carried around during their shifts. The collected data was then downloaded in specific software. Based on the acquired noise maps, noise awareness campaigns were delivered to all personnel working on the respective offshore site, including subcontractors.
The objective of such campaigns was to ensure workers are aware of the potential consequences of excessive noise exposure and train them to protect themselves and colleagues.
An epidemiologic study taking into account Angolans specific habits was developed with the objective of measuring possible prevalence of hearing problems arising from earlier occupational exposure. A population of non-exposed people (office staff) was compared with offshore workers. The results did not show any significant difference in hearing capabilities.
Out of these actions, others became mandatory: ensuring provision of hearing protection devices to all personnel where noise level exceeds 85db(A) and performing audits; performing regular monitoring and noise dosimeter studies, requesting annual audiometric testing for the exposed SEG’s, ensuring all personnel on board attend noise awareness campaigns and hearing protection training; installing complementary safety signs (where required) in all areas above 85db(A), as per maps and floor paintings; installing complementary safety signs for areas requiring double protection (earplugs and earmuffs) and performing a epidemiologic study involving people that might be exposed to noise in the past.
Accelerating HSE Culture through HSE Leadership
Authors: Breitsprecher K. , Hinton J. J. , Harris W. L. , Crabb S. L. , Jacques P. , De Hoedt B. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
In spite of many years of research and discussions on the importance of safety culture, this concept remains as pertinent today as any time before for the HSE performance of an organization.
This paper describes an innovative approach to accelerating HSE culture in an organization based on the concept that mangers, particularly senior managers, through their influence on employees, can strongly affect the HSE performance and HSE culture of an organization. For this influence to be beneficial to the organization, managers need to consistently demonstrate behaviors and characteristics of strong HSE leadership. When senior managers accept ownership of HSE, and set and consistently motivate towards clear HSE expectations, other managers, and then supervisors and ultimately employees will consistently follow.
An HSE leadership program for senior managers was developed, utilizing findings from previous psychological research on the role of managerial leadership in determining workplace safety outcomes and the application of the Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence model. The aim of the project was to increase HSE leadership by senior and middle managers and thereby to accelerate the development of a strong HSE culture.
A process of remote coaching was implemented following completion of the HSE leadership academy to support senior and middle managers with the application of HSE leadership behaviors in the workplace. Remote coaching was designed to increase the application of HSE leadership behaviors and to support the creation of habitual HSE leadership behaviors.
This paper discusses the HSE leadership academy and its psychological research basis, remote coaching, preliminary findings and critical aspects for success.
Given the inherent HSE risk of our industry, it is proposed that HSE leadership training based on psychological research and the use of remote coaching can offer value to our industry as a means to meet the evolving challenges of protecting people, assets and the environment.
Managing Biodivsity as Part of the PNG LNG Project
Authors: Whisker Steven J. , Tyler David C. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT
The Papua New Guinea LNG (PNG LNG) Project is under development by Esso Highlands Limited (EHL), a subsidiary of Exxon Mobil Corporation, in an area of high biodiversity significance and conservation value. This paper provides an overview of EHL's Biodiversity Strategy, describes how it has been implemented to date and presents EHL's guiding principles and forward plans for the Biodiversity Offset Program.
EHL has prepared and is implementing a Biodiversity Strategy which outlines how terrestrial biodiversity has been and will continue to be managed as part of the Project. The Biodiversity Strategy is consistent with ExxonMobil's broader focus on achieving excellence when operating in sensitive environments.
The Biodiversity Strategy is designed to meet International Finance Corporation (IFC) Performance Standard 6: Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Natural Resource Management (2006). This is consistent with the financing of the Project by a number of Export Credit Agencies and commercial banks which subscribe to the Equator Principles and apply IFC Performance Standards.
The Biodiversity Strategy is based on a process of identifying biodiversity values in the Project area, identifying potential risks and impacts to these values which may arise as part of the Project and avoiding and mitigating the identified risks during design, construction and production. Impacts which cannot be avoided or mitigated (residual impacts) are to be offset. The Biodiversity Strategy also outlines EHL's long term biodiversity monitoring program.
EHL is currently developing a Biodiversity Offset Delivery Plan, with assistance from Conservation International, and the plan will set out details of the offset program. Offsets are to be tied to residual impacts, which, as identified in the Project Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) are likely to be direct impacts (overall habitat loss and impacts to fauna) and indirect impacts (potential introduction and spread of alien invasive species, and enhanced access).
Consultation with stakeholders and interested parties is a key component in the development of the Biodiversity Strategy and the Biodiversity Offset Delivery Plan. It is EHL's intent that international and local NGO will be involved in the delivery of biodiversity offset projects.