bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface‐tethered conjugated polymers created via the grafting‐from approach
Authors: Saha Sampa , Baker Gregory L. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTPolyacrylate brushes with pendent terthiophenes [poly(terthiophene methyl methacrylate) (PTTMM)] were successfully grown from indium tin oxide and gold with surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. The films formed on both substrates were characterized by ellipsometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Using cyclic voltammetry, we electrochemically crosslinked the PTTMM brush to form a conjugated polymer network. The conjugation lengths in the film were increased as evidenced by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. Additionally, an atomic force microscopy study on the surface‐modified solid substrate revealed the formation of a smooth and uniform polymer brush with a low surface roughness, even after electrochemical crosslinking. These uniformly grafted conducting polymer brushes may find use in photovoltaic devices. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41363.
Universal Practical Tracking Control of a Planar Underactuated Vehicle
Authors: Wen‐Jing Xie , Bao‐Li Ma 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn this article, a universal controller is proposed for a planar underactuated vehicle to track arbitrary trajectories including feasible/non‐feasible ones and fixed points. The controller design relies on several coordinate/input transformations, auxiliary trajectory design and the back‐stepping technique. The stability analysis shows that the position and orientation tracking errors are uniformly globally practically asymptotically convergent (UGPAC), and the velocity tracking errors are uniformly globally asymptotically convergent (UGAC) to a ball of origin. Moreover, if the tracked target is in uniform rectilinear motion or motionless, the whole closed‐loop tracking error system is uniformly globally practically asymptotically stable (UGPAS). The effectiveness of proposed control law is verified by simulation examples.
Further evidence suggesting a role for variation in ARHGAP29 variants in nonsyndromic cleft lip/palate
Authors: Letra Ariadne , Maili Lorena , Mulliken John B. , Buchanan Edward , Blanton Susan H. , Hecht Jacqueline T. 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundNonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) is a common birth defect of complex etiology. Several genes have been implicated in the etiology of NSCL/P, although only a few have been replicated across datasets.MethodsARHGAP29 was suggested as a candidate gene for NSCL/P as it is located in close proximity to ABCA4 (1p22), a gene previously identified in a genome‐wide association study of NSCL/P.ResultsRare, potentially damaging, coding variants in ARHGAP29 were found in NSCL/P cases, and its expression was detected during murine craniofacial development. In this study, we investigated whether variations in ARHGAP29 were associated with NSCL/P in our family based dataset. Five single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) flanking and within ARHGAP29 were genotyped in our NSCL/P datasets consisting of simplex and multiplex families of non‐Hispanic white (NHW, primarily European) and Hispanic ethnicities. Results showed strong association of three ARHGAP29 SNPs with NSCL/P in the NHW families. Two intronic SNPs (rs1541098 and rs3789688) showed strong association with NSCL/P in all NHW families (p = 0.0005 and p = 0.0002, respectively), and simplex NHW families (p = 0.003 for both SNPs). A SNP in the 3′ untranslated region (rs1576593) also showed strong association with NSCL/P in all NHW families (p = 0.002), and the multiplex subset (p = 0.002). ARHGAP29 SNP haplotypes were also associated with NSCL/P. Evidence of gene–gene interaction was found between ARHGAP29 and additional cleft susceptibility genes.ConclusionThis study further supports ARHGAP29 as a candidate gene for human NSCL/P in families of Caucasian descent. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 100:679–685, 2014 © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Simultaneous determination and pharmacokinetic study of gambogic acid and gambogenic acid in rat plasma after oral administration of Garcinia hanburyi extracts by LC‐MS/MS
Authors: Hua Xiangdong , Liang Chuang , Dong Lei , Qu Xiaotong , Zhao Tong 
Published: August 2014

AbstractGambogic acid and gambogenic acid are two major bioactive components of Garcinia hanburyi, and play a pivotal role in biologic activity. In this study, a specific and sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of gambogic acid and gambogenic acid in rat plasma. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a C18 column using an isocratic elution with methanol–10 m m ammonium acetate buffer–acetic acid (90:10:0.1, v/v/v) as the mobile phase. The detection was performed on a triple–quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer equipped with electrospray positive ionization using multiple reaction monitoring modes. The transitions monitored were m/z 629.3 [M + H]+ → 573.2 for gambogic acid, m/z 631.2 [M + H]+ → 507.2 for gambogenic acid and m/z 444.2 [M + NH4]+ → 83.1 for IS. Linear calibration curves were obtained in the concentration range of 2.00–1000 ng/mL for gambogic acid and 0.500–250 ng/mL for gambogenic acid. The lower limits of quantification of gambogic acid and gambogenic acid in rat plasma were 2.00 and 0.500 ng/mL, respectively. The intra‐ and inter‐day precision (RSD) values were <11.7% and accuracy (RE) was −10.6–12.4% at three QC levels for both analytes. The assay was successfully applied to evaluate pharmacokinetics behavior in rats after oral administration of Garcinia hanburyi extracts. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Factors affecting the determination of cerebrovascular reactivity
Authors: Regan Rosemary E. , Fisher Joseph A. , Duffin James 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackground and PurposeCerebrovascular reactivity (CVR), measures the ability of the cerebrovasculature to respond to vasoactive stimuli such as CO2. CVR is often expressed as the ratio of cerebral blood flow change to CO2 change. We examine several factors affecting this measurement: blood pressure, stimulus pattern, response analysis and subject position.MethodsStep and ramp increases in CO2 were implemented in nine subjects, seated and supine. Middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity (MCAv), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were determined breath‐by‐breath. Cerebrovascular conductance (MCAc) was estimated as MCAv/MAP. CVR was calculated from both the relative and absolute measures of MCAc and MCAv responses.ResultsMAP increased with CO2 in some subjects so that relative CVR calculated from conductance responses were less than those calculated from CVR calculated from velocity responses. CVR measured from step responses were affected by the response dynamics, and were less than those calculated from CVR measured from ramp responses. Subject position did not affect CVR.Conclusions(1) MAP increases with CO2 and acts as a confounding factor for CVR measurement; (2) CVR depends on the stimulus pattern used; (3) CVR did not differ from the sitting versus supine in these experiments; (4) CVR calculated from absolute changes of MCAv was less than that calculated from relative changes.
Noticing and Helping Neglected Children: Messages from Action on Neglect
Authors: Daniel Brigid , Burgess Cheryl , Whitfield Erica , Derbyshire David , Taylor Julie 
Published: August 2014

This paper sets out the messages from Action on Neglect, an Economic and Social Research Council Follow on Fund‐sponsored project which ran from April 2011 to the end of March 2012 in England. Undertaken by a small team of researchers and practitioners from the universities of Stirling and Dundee and the national charity Action for Children, it was a follow‐up to a literature review produced as part of the Safeguarding Children Across Services Research Initiative.The project team met with multidisciplinary groups of practitioners and managers from all key professions working with children in three areas of England on four occasions. The messages from the study were used to consider the extent to which current practice equates with evidence from the research. Through a process of co‐production, the project explored the ways in which neglected children are currently helped and considered what could be done to improve recognition and early response.‘The messages from the study were used to consider the extent to which current practice equates with evidence from the research’The final product was a pack – Action on Neglect – that outlines a series of detailed worked examples setting out improved pathways to help for neglected children and their families. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Messages

Practitioners can work together effectively to identify blocks to effective intervention and generate solutions.
The views of children and young people show that practitioners need to be aware of, and sensitive to, young people's feelings.
Practitioners need to become better at discerning which parents can use help on a voluntary basis and which cannot.
Children want to feel loved, but this love needs to be practically as well as emotionally expressed.
Modified Niobium Oxyhydroxide Catalyst: An Acetalization Reaction to Produce Bio‐additives for Sustainable Use of Waste Glycerol
Authors: Souza Talita E. , Portilho Marcio F. , Souza Priscila M. T. G. , Souza Patterson P. , Oliveira Luiz C. A. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe report the synthesis and characterization of new niobium oxyhydroxide catalysts from ammonium niobium oxalate (NH4[NbO(C2O4)2(H2O)](H2O)n) or niobium chloride (NbCl5) precursors. The materials have been modified by incorporating a surfactant, specifically cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, on the catalyst surface to impart partial hydrophobicity to the catalyst. The change in the precursor during the synthesis changes properties associated with the morphology, texture and number of acid sites. These properties provide increased contact at the interface between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions to improve the catalytic properties, particularly in biphasic reactions. Acetalization reactions were tested using three different glycerols: commercial glycerol p.a., a crude residual originating from biodiesel production and the same material after desalination. The results show 65 and 60 % conversion for the acetalization under mild reactions conditions.
Synthesis, Thermal Behavior, and Dehydrogenation Kinetics Study of Lithiated Ethylenediamine
Authors: Chen Juner , Wu Guotao , Xiong Zhitao , Wu Hui , Chua Yong Shen , Zhou Wei , Liu Bin , Ju Xiaohua , Chen Ping 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe lithiation of ethylenediamine by LiH is a stepwise process to form the partially lithiated intermediates LiN(H)CH2CH2NH2 and [LiN(H)CH2CH2NH2][LiN(H)CH2CH2N(H)Li]2 prior to the formation of dilithiated ethylenediamine LiN(H)CH2CH2N(H)Li. A reversible phase transformation between the partial and dilithiated species was observed. One dimensional {LinNn} ladders and three‐dimensional network structures were found in the crystal structures of LiN(H)CH2CH2NH2 and LiN(H)CH2CH2N(H)Li, respectively. LiN(H)CH2CH2N(H)Li undergoes dehydrogenation with an activation energy of 181±8 kJ mol−1, whereas the partially lithiated ethylenediamine compounds were polymerized and released ammonia at elevated temperatures. The dynamical dehydrogenation mechanism of the dilithiated ethylenediamine compounds was investigated by using the Johnson‐Mehl‐Avrami equation.
Biological Evaluation of Potent Triclosan‐Derived Inhibitors of the Enoyl–Acyl Carrier Protein Reductase InhA in Drug‐Sensitive and Drug‐Resistant Strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Stec Jozef , Vilchèze Catherine , Lun Shichun , Perryman Alexander L. , Wang Xin , Freundlich Joel S. , Bishai William , Jacobs William R. , Kozikowski Alan P. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractNew triclosan (TRC) analogues were evaluated for their activity against the enoyl–acyl carrier protein reductase InhA in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). TRC is a well‐known inhibitor of InhA, and specific modifications to its positions 5 and 4′ afforded 27 derivatives; of these compounds, seven derivatives showed improved potency over that of TRC. These analogues were active against both drug‐susceptible and drug‐resistant Mtb strains. The most active compound in this series, 4‐(n‐butyl)‐1,2,3‐triazolyl TRC derivative 3, had an MIC value of 0.6 μg mL−1 (1.5 μM) against wild‐type Mtb. At a concentration equal to its MIC, this compound inhibited purified InhA by 98 %, and showed an IC50 value of 90 nM. Compound 3 and the 5‐methylisoxazole‐modified TRC 14 were able to inhibit the biosynthesis of mycolic acids. Furthermore, mc24914, an Mtb strain overexpressing inhA, was found to be less susceptible to compounds 3 and 14, supporting the notion that InhA is the likely molecular target of the TRC derivatives presented herein.
Distribution of the creatine transporter throughout the human brain reveals a spectrum of creatine transporter immunoreactivity
Authors: Lowe Matthew T.J. , Faull Richard L.M. , Christie David L. , Waldvogel Henry J. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTCreatine is a molecule that supports energy metabolism in cells. It is carried across the plasma membrane by the creatine transporter. There has been recent interest in creatine for its neuroprotective effects in neurodegenerative diseases and its potential as a therapeutic agent. This study represents the first systematic investigation of the distribution of the creatine transporter in the human brain. We have used immunohistochemical techniques to map out its location and the intensity of staining. The transporter was found to be strongly expressed, especially in the large projection neurons of the brain and spinal cord. These include the pyramidal neurons in the cerebral cortex, Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex, and motor neurons of the somatic motor and visceromotor cranial nerve nuclei and the ventral horn of the spinal cord. Many other neurons in the brain also had some degree of creatine transporter immunoreactivity. By contrast, the medium spiny neurons of the striatum and the catecholaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus, which are implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, showed a very low to almost absent level of immunoreactivity for the transporter. We propose that the distribution may reflect the energy consumption by different cell types and that the extent of creatine transporter expression is proportional to the cell's energy requirements. Furthermore, the distribution indicates that supplemented creatine would be widely taken up by brain cells, although possibly less by those cells that degenerate in Huntington's and Parkinson's diseases. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:699–725, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
DEP domain‐containing mTOR‐interacting protein in the rat brain: Distribution of expression and potential implication
Authors: Caron Alexandre , Baraboi Elena‐Dana , Laplante Mathieu , Richard Denis 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTDEP domain–containing mTOR‐interacting protein (DEPTOR) has been recently discovered as an endogenous regulator of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2. mTORC1 is present in the brain, and there is growing evidence that its dysregulation contributes to several brain alterations. This suggests the involvement of mTOR signaling and its modulators in neurobiological controls. Here, we characterized and mapped the expression of DEPTOR in the rat brain. We show that DEPTOR was widely expressed from the forebrain to the hindbrain, including the hippocampus, the mediobasal hypothalamus, and the circumventricular organs (CVOs). In the hippocampus, DEPTOR protein and Deptor mRNA were highly expressed in the dendate gyrus and CA3 field. In the CVOs, DEPTOR was expressed in the subfornical organ, the median eminence, and the area postrema. In the mediobasal hypothalamus, DEPTOR was expressed in neurons of the ventromedial nucleus (VMH) and colocalized with proopiomelanocortin (POMC) in the arcuate nucleus (ARC). The hypothalamic distribution suggested a role for DEPTOR in energy balance. Supporting this possibility, we observed that Deptor hypothalamic expression was modulated by the nutritional status in a context of diet‐induced and genetic obesity; food deprivation increased Deptor mRNA in both the ARC and VMH of obese rats. In conclusion, the present results illustrate the presence of DEPTOR in the rat brain and suggest a role for DEPTOR in the hypothalamic regulation of energy balance, which further supports the role of mTOR in energy homeostasis. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:93–107, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Direct Voltammetric Determination of Redox‐Active Iron in Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Teo Wei Zhe , Pumera Martin 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWith the advances in nanotechnology over the past decade, consumer products are increasingly being incorporated with carbon nanotubes (CNTs). As the harmful effects of CNTs are suggested to be primarily due to the bioavailable amounts of metallic impurities, it is vital to detect and quantify these species using sensitive and facile methods. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the possibility of quantifying the amount of redox‐available iron‐containing impurities in CNTs with voltammetric techniques such as cyclic voltammetry. We examined the electrochemistry of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in phosphate buffer solution and discovered that its electrochemical behavior could be affected by pH of the electrolyte. By utilizing the unique redox reaction between the iron and phosphate species, the redox available iron content in CNTs was determined successfully using voltammetry.
Progress in the Analysis of Multiple Activity Profile of Screening Data Using Computational Approaches
Authors: Kuyoc‐Carrillo Vicente F. , Medina‐Franco José L. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

Preclinical Research

The increasing awareness that drugs may have the clinical effect through the interaction with multiple targets is encouraging the screening of investigational compounds across multiple biological endpoints. As the number and complexity of chemogenomics data sets increase, more computational approaches are being developed for the efficient analysis of structure–multiple activity relationships. In silico methods cover a wide range of applications including visual, qualitative, and quantitative approaches to describe in detail multiple ligand–protein relationships, find associations between targets and, whenever possible, to predict the bioactivity profile of small molecules. Here, we present a commentary of representative computational methods and their applications to characterize structure–multiple activity relationships and conduct the rational design of polypharmacology for the advancement of drug discovery.
Chromophores, Fluorophores and Robust Ancillary Ligands for Molecular Catalysts: 1,3‐Bis(2‐pyridylimino)isoindolines
Authors: Sauer Désirée C. , Melen Rebecca L. , Kruck Matthias , Gade Lutz H. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractSince the first report in the early 1950s, 1,3‐bis(2‐pyridylimino)isoindolines (BPIs) have found widespread applications in organic, inorganic and materials chemistry. This microreview focuses on recent progress towards chiral BPI derivatives as ligands for enantioselective catalysis as well as developments in the use of BPI complexes in materials science, focusing on luminescent and birefringent materials.
An Ionic Dysprosium Complex Made of a Hexanuclear Dy6 Cationic Cluster and a Mononuclear Dy Anionic Unit
Authors: Costes Jean‐Pierre , Duhayon Carine 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA genuine 2‐hydroxy‐N′‐{[3‐(hydroxyimino)butan‐2‐ylidene]}benzohydrazide ligand, characterized by 1H, 13C, and 15N NMR spectroscopy and chemical analysis, has been used to synthesize a novel ionic dysprosium species. The structural determination confirms the existence of a hexanuclear Dy cationic entity along with a mononuclear Dy anionic unit. The topological analysis of the hexanuclear cluster indicates that it corresponds to a 2,4M6–1 graph, observed for the first time for Dy complexes. The electrostatic model for the determination of the magnetic anisotropy in Dy complexes implemented in the Magellan program confirms that it is difficult to control the orientation of the different anisotropy axes of the six Dy ions in order to obtain large anisotropy in polynuclear Dy entities, which is in agreement with the ac susceptibility measurements that show frequency‐dependent signals and absence of maxima for the out‐of‐phase susceptibility signals above 2 K, even under a dc bias field of 0.1 T or 0.2 T.
Synthesis of N‐(2,3,4,5,6‐Pentafluorobenzyloxy)‐γ‐lactams by Rhodium‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Diazo Amides
Authors: Budny Marcin , Nowak Magdalena , Wojtczak Andrzej , Wolan Andrzej 
Published: August 2014

AbstractRhodium‐catalyzed cyclization of N‐(2,3,4,5,6‐pentafluoro‐benzyloxy) diazo amides leading to the corresponding γ‐lactams is described. The cyclization is based on the intramolecular catalytic insertion into the C–H bond. Fourteen lactams were obtained with up to 91 % yield and 88 % ee. Gabapentin hydrochloride, a GABA analog, was also synthesized by this method, which shows that deprotection of the 2,3,4,5,6‐pentafluorobenzyloxy group is possible.
LiAlH4‐Promoted Tandem Reduction/Oxidation of Fluorenyl Derivatives under Air
Authors: Matviiuk Tetiana , Menendez Christophe , Carayon Chantal , Saffon Nathalie , Voitenko Zoia , Lherbet Christian , Baltas Michel 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe tandem reduction/oxidation of fluorenyl compounds was performed with LiAlH4 under air to afford the corresponding 9‐hydroxyfluorenyl derivatives in good yields. This methodology with LiAlH4 is unprecedented and most likely proceeds by an organoaluminium intermediate, and in the proposed mechanism.
High‐Voltage Asymmetric Supercapacitors based on Carbon and Manganese Oxide/Oxidized Carbon Nanofiber Composite Electrodes
Authors: Śliwak Agata , Gryglewicz Grażyna 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAsymmetric supercapacitors with high operating voltages have been successfully developed, using manganese oxide/oxidized carbon nanofibers (MnO2/CNFox) composites as the positive electrode and activated carbon (AC) as the negative electrode, in a neutral aqueous 0.5 mol L−1 K2SO4 solution. The assembled MnO2/CNFox//AC supercapacitor can operate reversibly in a wide voltage range up to 2.3 V, showing an excellent stability with only a 7.6 % loss of its initial capacitance after 5000 cycles at 1 A g−1. A high energy density of 24.8 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 100 W kg−1 is achieved. This unique electrochemical performance is attributed to the presence of CNFox with hydrophilic surface properties in the MnO2‐based electrode, which ensures a perfect dispersion of nanofibers in the bulk MnO2 and a very good adhesion between the components of the MnO2/CNFox composite. The obtained results show great potential in developing asymmetric supercapacitors with high energy and power densities working in neutral aqueous media.