bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rigid MATLAB drivetrain model of a 500 kW wind turbine for predicting maximum gear tooth stresses in a planetary gearbox using multibody gear constraints
Authors: Jørgensen M.F. , Pedersen Niels L. , Sørensen Jens N. , Paulsen Uwe S. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTThe aeroelastic FLEX 5 code and a semi‐advanced rigid multibody model has been utilized for simulating drivetrain forces and moments in a real 500 kW wind turbine. Experimental validation is carried out with results based on known physical properties of the blades, tower, hub, gearbox, shaft and nacelle, etc. The multibody model consists of eight bodies, from rotor to generator, where most joints are made using simple constraints. Semi‐advanced gear constraints are used for obtaining (worst‐case) gear tooth reaction forces in the first stage of the planetary gearbox. This constraint is useful for not only transferring torque but also for calculating the gear tooth and internal body reaction forces. The method is appropriate for predicting gear tooth stresses without considering all the complexity of gear tooth geometries. This means that, e.g. gear tooth load‐sharing and load‐distribution among multiple planetary gears are not taken into account. Finite Element Method (FEM) calculations show that when the wind turbine runs close to the maximum wind speed, the maximum gear tooth stress is in the range of 500–700 MPa, which is considered to be realistic using a “worst‐case” method. The presented method is based on a comprehensive description of the aerodynamic input, including inflow turbulence and shear, as well as various modifications for yaw, dynamic stall and dynamic inflow. Forces and torque from the aeroelastic and industry‐accepted code FLEX 5 are used as input to the multibody program, where the gear constraint is formulated such that the maximum tooth forces are included directly in the solution. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prediction of outcomes in MCI with 123I-IMP-CBF SPECT: a multicenter prospective cohort study
Authors: Ito Kengo , Mori Etsuro , Fukuyama Hidenao , Ishii Kazunari , Washimi Yukihiko , Asada Takashi , Mori Satoru , Meguro Kenichi , Kitamura Shin , Hanyu Haruo , Nakano Seigo , Matsuda Hiroshi , Kuwabara Yasuo , Hashikawa Kazuo , Momose Toshimitsu , Uchida Yoshitaka , Hatazawa Jun , Minoshima Satoshi , Kosaka Kenji , Yamada Tatsuo , Yonekura Yoshiharu ,   J-COSMIC Study Group
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Objective
The multicenter prospective cohort study (Japan Cooperative SPECT Study on Assessment of Mild Impairment of Cognitive Function: J-COSMIC) aimed to examine the value of 123I-N-isopropyl-4-iodoamphetamine cerebral blood flow (IMP-CBF) SPECT in regards to early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Methods
Three hundred and nineteen patients with amnestic MCI at 41 participating institutions each underwent clinical and neuropsychological examinations and 123I-IMP-CBF SPECT at baseline. Subjects were followed up periodically for 3 years, and progression to dementia was evaluated. SPECT images were classified as AD/DLB (dementia with Lewy bodies) pattern and non-AD/DLB pattern by central image interpretation and automated region of interest (ROI) analysis, respectively. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess whether baseline 123I-IMP-CBF SPECT was predictive of longitudinal clinical outcome.

Results
Ninety-nine of 216 amnestic MCI patients (excluding 3 cases with epilepsy (n = 2) or hydrocephalus (n = 1) and 100 cases with incomplete follow-up) converted to AD within the observation period. Central image interpretation and automated ROI analysis predicted conversion to AD with 56 and 58 % overall diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity, 76 and 81 %; specificity, 39 and 37 %), respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified SPECT as a predictor, which distinguished AD converters from non-converters. The odds ratio for a positive SPECT to predict conversion to AD with automated ROI analysis was 2.5 and combining SPECT data with gender and mini-mental state examination (MMSE) further improved classification (joint odds ratio 20.08).

Conclusions

123I-IMP-CBF SPECT with both automated ROI analysis and central image interpretation was sensitive but relatively nonspecific for prediction of clinical outcome during the 3-year follow-up in individual amnestic MCI patients. A combination of statistically significant predictors, both SPECT with automated ROI analysis and neuropsychological evaluation, may increase predictive utility.
Triboelectric behaviors of materials under high speeds and large currents
Authors: Zhang Yongzhen , Yang Zhenghai , Song Kexing , Pang Xianjuan , Shangguan Bao 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Using special testers, the triboelectric behaviors of several materials were investigated in this paper under the conditions of high speeds and large currents. The obtained results revealed that the tribological behaviors and current-conducting characteristics have complicated interrelationships. Worsening in the servicing conditions can obviously deteriorate the tribological as well as electrical behaviors; high sliding speeds and large electrical currents can worsen the tribological and electrical conductivity properties, while an appropriate contact pressure can benefit the electrical contact properties. Further analyses reveal that the worsening effects of the above factors, such as frictional heat, arc discharge, arc heat, and surface morphology, result in poor triboelectric contact performance. Among these, the electric arc is one of the most serious factors, because the occurrence of an electric arc may cause severe oxidation, melting, and roughening of the contact surface, thereby causing deterioration in the current-conducting quality as well as material loss.
Alzheimer's disease in the human eye. Clinical tests that identify ocular and visual information processing deficit as biomarkers
Authors: Chang Lily Y.L. , Lowe Jennifer , Ardiles Alvaro , Lim Julie , Grey Angus C. , Robertson Ken , Danesh‐Meyer Helen , Palacios Adrian G. , Acosta Monica L. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia with progressive deterioration of memory and cognition. Complaints related to vision are common among AD patients. Several changes in the retina, lens, and in the vasculature have been noted in the AD eye that may be the cause of visual symptoms experienced by the AD patient. Anatomical changes have been detected within the eye before signs of cognitive impairment and memory loss are apparent. Unlike the brain, the eye is a unique organ that can be visualized noninvasively at the cellular level because of its transparent nature, which allows for inexpensive testing of biomarkers in a clinical setting. In this review, we have searched for candidate biomarkers that could enable diagnosis of AD, covering ocular neurodegeneration associated with functional tests. We explore the evidence that suggests that inexpensive, noninvasive clinical tests could be used to detect AD ocular biomarkers.
Interactions between aquatic plants and turbulent flow: a field study using stereoscopic PIV
Authors: Cameron S. M. , Nikora V. I. , Albayrak I. , Miler O. , Stewart M. , Siniscalchi F. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractA stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (PIV) system for use in shallow (${\sim }$0.5 m deep) rivers was developed and deployed in the Urie River, Scotland, to study the interactions between turbulent flow and a Ranunculus penicillatus plant patch in its native environment. Statistical moments of the velocity field were calculated utilizing a new method of reducing the contribution of measurement noise, based on the measurement redundancy inherent in the stereoscopic PIV method. Reynolds normal and shear stresses, their budget terms, and higher-order moments of the velocity probability distribution in the wake of the plant patch were found to be dominated by the presence of a free shear layer induced by the plant drag. Plant motion, estimated from the PIV images, was characterized by travelling waves that propagate along the plant with a velocity similar to the eddy convection velocity, suggesting a direct coupling between turbulence and the plant motion. The characteristic frequency of the plant velocity fluctuations (${\sim }$1 Hz) may suggest that the plant motion is dominated by large eddies with scale similar to the flow depth or plant length. Plant and fluid velocity fluctuations were, in contrast, found to be strongly correlated only over a narrow (${\sim }$30 mm) elevation range above the top of the plant, supporting a contribution of the shear layer turbulence to the plant motion. Many aspects of flow–aquatic plant interactions remain to be clarified, and the newly developed stereoscopic field PIV system should prove valuable in future studies.
Cutting Out and Taking Liberties: Australia's Convict Pirates, 1790–1829
Authors: Duffield Ian 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe 104 identified piratical incidents in Australian waters between 1790 and 1829 indicate a neglected but substantial and historically significant resistance practice, not a scattering of unrelated spontaneous bolts by ships of fools. The pirates’ ideologies, cultural baggage, techniques, and motivations are identified, interrogated, and interpreted. So are the connections between convict piracy and bushranging; how piracy affected colonial state power and private interests; and piracy's relationship to “age of revolution” ultra-radicalism elsewhere.
Anti-Impressment Riots and the Origins of the Age of Revolution
Authors: Magra Christopher P. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis essay details the relationship between anti-impressment collective actions, the American Revolution, and the age of revolution. Naval impressment represented the forcible coercion of laborers into extended periods of military service. Workers in North American coastal communities militantly, even violently, resisted British naval impressment. A combination of Leveller-inspired ideals and practical experience encouraged this resistance. In turn, resistance from below inspired colonial elites to resist British authority by contributing to the elaboration of a political discourse on legitimate authority, liberty, and freedom. Maritime laborers stood on the front lines in the struggle for freedom, and their radical collective actions helped give meaning to wider struggles around the Atlantic world.
“Those Lads Contrived a Plan”: Attempts at Mutiny on Australia-Bound Convict Vessels
Authors: Maxwell-Stewart Hamish 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBetween 1787 and 1868 a total of 830 convict vessels left the British Isles bound for the Australian penal colonies. While only one of these was seized by mutineers, many convicts were punished for plotting to take the ship that carried them to the Antipodes. This article will explore the circumstances that shaped those mutiny attempts and the impact that they had on convict management strategies.
Pathophysiology of Marshallagia marshalli in experimentally infected lambs
Authors: MORADPOUR NONA , BORJI HASSAN , RAZMI GHOLAMREZA , MALEKI MOHSEN , KAZEMI HOSSEIN 
Published: September 2013

SUMMARYSpecies of Marshallagia are abomasal parasites in free-ranging and domesticated ungulates in temperate climatic zones throughout the world. Pervasiveness of these nematodes is significant in various parts of the world. There has been limited research in the area of Marshallagi amarshalli pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of M. marshalli on the acid secretory capacity of the abomasal mucosa and the morphological changes due to parasitic migration to different parts of abomasal tissue in sheep. Ten lambs, approximately around 6 months old, were allotted to two groups of five (A and B). The sheep from group A were infected orally with a dose of 5000 third-stage larvae (L3) of M. marshalli whereas the sheep of group B were not infected. The results indicated that the development of M. marshalli in the abomasal glands of ruminants causes pathophysiological changes, which include a reduced acidity of the abomasal contents, increased abomasal pH and increased serum pepsinogen concentrations. The reduced acid secretion is explained by a replacement of functional parietal cells by undifferentiated cells. Histology changes include mucosal cell hyperplasia, loss of parietal cells and inflammatory cell infiltration, which includes numerous granulocytes and lymphocytes.
Ciprofloxacin is an inhibitor of the Mcm2-7 replicative helicase
Authors: Simon Nicholas , Bochman Matthew L. , Seguin Sandlin , Brodsky Jeffrey L. , Seibel William L. , Schwacha Anthony 
Published: September 2013

Most currently available small molecule inhibitors of DNA replication lack enzymatic specificity, resulting in deleterious side effects during use in cancer chemotherapy and limited experimental usefulness as mechanistic tools to study DNA replication. Towards development of targeted replication inhibitors, we have focused on Mcm2-7 (minichromosome maintenance protein 2–7), a highly conserved helicase and key regulatory component of eukaryotic DNA replication. Unexpectedly we found that the fluoroquinolone antibiotic ciprofloxacin preferentially inhibits Mcm2-7. Ciprofloxacin blocks the DNA helicase activity of Mcm2-7 at concentrations that have little effect on other tested helicases and prevents the proliferation of both yeast and human cells at concentrations similar to those that inhibit DNA unwinding. Moreover, a previously characterized mcm mutant (mcm4chaos3) exhibits increased ciprofloxacin resistance. To identify more potent Mcm2-7 inhibitors, we screened molecules that are structurally related to ciprofloxacin and identified several that compromise the Mcm2-7 helicase activity at lower concentrations. Our results indicate that ciprofloxacin targets Mcm2-7 in vitro, and support the feasibility of developing specific quinolone-based inhibitors of Mcm2-7 for therapeutic and experimental applications.
Solar energy harvesting for autonomous field devices
Authors: Decker Andreas 
Published: September 2013

The energy required to power an autonomous field device can be drawn from its environment by means of energy harvesting. Outdoors, one abundant and ubiquitous source of energy is solar irradiation, which can be reliably converted into electricity by solar cells. In principle, this is also true indoors if artificial light sources produce sufficient optical irradiation. Different solar cell materials can play off their individual strengths in these different use cases. Since ambient optical irradiation usually is an intermittent phenomenon, a solar powered field device has to include an energy storage solution for bridging gaps that occur in energy harvesting. In this study, different solar cell materials and energy storage solutions are discussed and evaluated quantitatively according to data sheet information. According to calculations for an assumed continuous power consumption of an autonomous field device of 1 mW for a period of 10 years, a solar panel of 4 × 4 cm² in the outdoor case and 20 × 20 cm² in the indoor case can deliver the required energy. Along with an energy storage system consisting of a 100 F supercapacitor and a primary backup cell, solar energy harvesting for autonomous field devices seems technically feasible.
Photoresponse properties of p‐type ZnSe nanowire photodetectors
Authors: Li Shanying , Su Qing , Zhao Haipeng 
Published: September 2013

Nanophotodetectors are constructed based on individual p‐type ZnSe nanowires (NWs), and the photoresponse properties are investigated. The nanophotodetectors show high sensitivity and fast response speed to the incident light with a sharp cutoff at 470 nm. The light‐to‐dark currents ratio Ilight/Idark is approximately two orders of magnitude; photoconduction is 20.5 nS at incident light intensity of 5.11 mWcm−2. The response characteristics reveal that different energy levels (shallow and deep) in the bandgap and defects on the NW surface play an important role in the recombination. The ZnSe NW photodetector with good reliability and reproducibility will have great potential application in optoelectronic nanodevices.
Multi‐resonant capacitive microelectromechanical system switch with high isolation for ultra‐wideband applications
Authors: Yoon Min Kyu , Cheon Seong Jong , Park Jae Y. 
Published: September 2013

A multi‐resonant capacitive microelectromechanical system switch with wide bandwidth and high isolation has been successfully designed and fabricated for ultra‐wideband applications. To achieve high isolation and wide operation frequency bandwidth, three capacitive shunt‐connected membranes and meander‐shaped inductors with several inductances were utilised in serial connection. Moreover, for achieving a large ‘ON’/‘OFF’ capacitance ratio, a high dielectric aluminium nitride (AlN) film was applied. The measured dielectric relative constant and tangent loss of the AlN film were 8.8 and 0.008, respectively. The capacitive switch has the ‘ON’/‘OFF’ capacitance ratio of 59.6 with the measured capacitances of 52 fF and 3.1 pF at ‘ON’ and ‘OFF’ states, respectively. The three resonant frequencies were formed at 4, 5 and 6.5 GHz, and the isolation performances were over 30 dB at the frequencies ranging from 5 to 10 GHz and 70 dB at 6.5 GHz. The size of the fabricated switch was ∼1.4 × 1.7 × 0.0083 (height) mm3.
Activation and control of p53 tetramerization in individual living cells
Authors: Gaglia Giorgio , Guan Yinghua , Shah Jagesh V. , Lahav Galit 
Published: September 2013

Significance
p53 oligomerization has been the topic of many previous studies, mainly due to the connection between mutations in the p53 tetramerization domain and Li–Fraumeni syndrome. However, all previous studies have measured p53 oligomeric state in vitro. We measure the dynamics of p53 oligomerization in living cells using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and quantify the discrete number of oligomers over time after DNA damage. Our study demonstrates the power of using sensitive analytical tools for acquiring accurate measures of fluctuation correlation in living cells and the use of mathematical models to gain new insights about p53 biology. The approach we used here should be of general utility in studying the quantitative dynamics and function of protein oligomerization in any cellular system.
The rise and fall of trade unionism in Zimbabwe, Part II: 1995–2000
Authors: Yeros Paris 
Published: September 2013

This article is the second of a two-part study on the evolution of the Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions (ZCTU) in the 1990s. This second part covers the period 1995–2000, when the labour centre adopted a ‘social democratic’ ideology and a strategy of negotiation. This lasted until 1997, when the labour centre resolved to challenge the ruling party's hold on power. The article argues that the labour centre increasingly narrowed its democratisation critique to ‘regime change’, through which it gained a broad array of new allies, but which also terminally weakened its organic basis in the working class.
[L'ascension et la chute du syndicalisme au Zimbabwe, 2e partie: 1995–2000]. Cet article est le second d'une étude en deux parties sur l’évolution du Congrès des syndicats du Zimbabwe (Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions, ZCTU) dans les années 90. Cette seconde partie couvre la période 1995–2000, durant laquelle le syndicat adopta une idéologie ‘social démocrate’ et une stratégie de négociation. Cela dura jusqu'en 1997, lorsqu'il décida de défier la mainmise du parti en place sur le pouvoir. Cet article soutient que le syndicat a peu à peu restreint sa critique de la démocratisation au ‘changement de régime’, évolution qui lui a rapporté tout un éventail de nouveaux alliés, mais qui a aussi, au final, affaibli sa base dans la classe ouvrière.

Mots-clés : Afrique ; Zimbabwe ; relations de travail ; syndicalisme ; démocratisation ; développement
Rescuing African bodies: celebrities, consumerism and neoliberal humanitarianism
Authors: Daley Patricia 
Published: September 2013

This article examines the role of Western celebrities as part of new networks in the increasing commodification of humanitarianism in Africa. It explores the relationship between celebrities as neoliberal subjectivities and their shaping of ethical consumerism and humanitarian interventions. Using various case studies (Product RED, 50 Cent's SK drink, Save Darfur Campaign [United to End Genocide], Kony2012, Raise Hope for the Congo and the Eastern Congo Initiative), the article considers how celebrities frame humanitarian crises for public consumption, their link to accumulation by dispossession, and their impact on African agency and on international solidarity against corporate exploitation.
[Secourir des corps africains: stars, consumérisme et humanitaire néolibéral.] Cet article examine le rôle de stars occidentales membres de nouveaux réseaux dans la marchandisation croissante de l'humanitaire en Afrique. Il explore les relations entre les stars, êtres néolibéraux, et leur façon d’élaborer un consumérisme éthique et des interventions humanitaires. Utilisant diverses études de cas (Produit rouge Product RED, boisson SK de 50 Cent, campagne pour sauver le Darfour [unis pour mettre fin au génocide], Kony2012, Espoir pour le Congo et l'Initiative pour l'est du Congo), l'article étudie comment les stars formatent les crises humanitaires pour la consommation du public, leur lien à l'accumulation par dépossession et leur impact sur l'agence africaine et la solidarité internationale contre l'exploitation commerciale.

Mots-clés: stars ; humanitaire ; Kony2012 ; marchandisation ; consumérisme
Neoliberal globalisation and evolving local traditional institutions: implications for access to resources in rural northern Ghana
Authors: Yaro Joseph 
                      A. 
Published: September 2013

The world has become interconnected and interdependent well beyond the economic domains of life and this has consequences for the role of major institutions governing access to resources in rural Africa. Neoliberal globalisation is eroding the moral foundation of rural societies in ways that create unequal access to the resources needed for involvement and inclusion in the market relations of production and social reproduction. Using the case of rural northern Ghana, this article shows how the transformation of local traditional governance and institutions led to processes of accumulation for a few privileged ones while the majority are excluded through dispossession.
[Mondialisation néolibérale et évolution d'institutions traditionnelles locales: impacts pour l'accès aux ressources dans le nord Ghana rural.] Le monde est devenu interconnecté et interdépendant, bien au-delà des questions économiques et cela a des conséquences pour le rôle d'institutions majeures qui gèrent l'accès aux ressources dans l'Afrique rurale. La mondialisation néolibérale érode les fondations morales des sociétés rurales à tel point qu'elle génère des inégalités dans l'accès aux ressources nécessaires pour l'inclusion au marché de la production et de la reproduction sociale. En travaillant sur le cas du nord Ghana rural, cet article montre comment la transformation des modes de gouvernance et institutions locales traditionnelles a conduit à des processus d'accumulation réservés à quelques rares privilégiés tandis que la majorité était spoliée et victime d'exclusion.

Mots-clés : mondialisation néolibérale ; tradition ; institutions locales ; Ghana rural