bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proximate determinants of bite force in Anolis lizards
Authors: Wittorski Antoine , Losos Jonathan B. , Herrel Anthony 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPerformance measures associated with the vertebrate jaw system may provide important insights into vertebrate ecology and evolution because of their importance in many ecologically relevant tasks. Previous studies have shown that in many taxa, evolution toward higher bite force has gone hand in hand with the evolution of larger body size. However, independent of differences in overall body size, bite force may vary depending on head size and shape as well. Moreover, the underlying musculature may also drive variation in bite force. Here, we investigate the proximate determinants of bite force in lizards of the genus Anolis. We dissected the jaw muscles and quantified muscle mass, fibre length, and cross‐sectional area. Data were analysed for both sexes independently given the sexual dimorphism detected in the dataset. Our results show that the traits that explain bite force are similar in both males and females with overall body size and muscle mass being the principal determinants. Among the different muscles examined, the adductor externus and the pseudotemporalis groups were the best determinants of bite force. However, models run for males predicted the variation in bite force better than models for females, suggesting that selection on morphology improving bite force may be stronger in males.
Re‐thinking aliteracy: when undergraduates surrender their reading choices
Authors: Chong Su Li 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis paper re‐considers the concept of aliteracy by arguing that it is less about not reading than it is about choice, agency and context. By analysing findings from a study that examined undergraduates' reading experiences in a Malaysian university, this paper explores the complexities around how the undergraduates grappled with conflicting decisions. Through a phenomenological theoretical perspective and against the theoretical backdrop of domain specificity in reading motivation, this study utilised phenomenological interviews to draw out nine undergraduates' reading experience. The reading experience is understood in terms of their negotiation with institutionally imposed and personal‐choice reading both as school students and as undergraduates. The past and more current reading experiences of two undergraduates who considered themselves highly and poorly motivated readers, respectively, were also juxtaposed. Findings from this study provide grounds to show that across different ‘levels’ of motivation and in school or post‐school contexts, the undergraduates' motivation for reading is fragile because the reading choice is not a straightforward matter. This article concludes by suggesting a theoretical conceptualisation for why an able reader may surrender his or her reading choice. This study has implications for teachers and reading researchers who recognise the reading experience for its complexities.
147Sm‐143Nd and 176Lu‐176Hf systematics of eucrite and angrite meteorites
Authors: Bouvier Audrey , Blichert‐Toft Janne , Boyet Maud , Albarède Francis 
Published: October 2015

AbstractComparative planetary geochemistry provides insight into the origin and evolutionary paths of planetary bodies in the inner solar system. The eucrite and angrite achondrite groups are particularly interesting because they show evidence of early planetary differentiation. We present 147Sm‐143Nd and 176Lu‐176Hf analyses of eight noncumulate (basaltic) eucrites, two cumulate eucrites, and three angrites, which together place new constraints on the evolution and differentiation histories of the crusts of the eucrite and angrite parent bodies and their mantle mineralogies. The chemical compositions of both eucrites and angrites indicate similar evolutionary paths and petrogenetic models with formation and isolation of differentiated crustal reservoirs associated with segregation of ilmenite. We report a 147Sm‐143Nd mineral isochron age for the Moama cumulate eucrite of 4519 ± 34 Ma (MSWD = 1.3). This age indicates protracted magmatism within deep crustal layers of the eucrite parent body lasting up to about 50 Ma after the formation of the solar system. We further demonstrate that the isotopic compositions of constituent minerals are compromised by secondary processes hindering precise determination of mineral isochron ages of basaltic eucrites and angrites. We interpret the changes in geochemistry and, consequently, the erroneous 147Sm‐143Nd and 176Lu‐176Hf internal mineral isochron ages of basaltic eucrites and angrites as the result of metamorphic events such as impacts (effects from pressure, temperature, and peak shock duration) on the surfaces of the eucrite and angrite parent bodies.
Assessment of the repellent effect of Lippia alba essential oil and major monoterpenes on the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus
Authors: DA SILVA LIMA A. , DE CARVALHO J. F. , PEIXOTO M. G. , BLANK A. F. , BORGES L. M. F. , COSTA JUNIOR L. M. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe control of Rhipicephalus microplus (Ixodida: Ixodidae) is achieved using synthetic acaricides. However, resistant tick populations are widespread around the world. Plant essential oils can act as repellents, keeping ticks away from hosts and decreasing the selection pressure on synthetic acaricides. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro repellent effect of Lippia alba essential oil on R. microplus larvae. Leaves from two L. alba genotypes maintained under the same agronomic and environmental conditions were collected. Essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation and analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). The major monoterpenes detected in the chemical analysis were commercially acquired and tested. For the repellency test, a glass rod was vertically fixed to measure active climbing of approximately 30 R. microplus larvae aged 14–21 days in response to essential oils and monoterpenes. Repellency was evaluated at 1 h, 3 h and 5 h after treatment. Variation in repellent action was detected between the genotypes. The major monoterpenes identified in the essential oils (limonene and carvone) showed low repellent effects in comparison with intact essential oils. Thus, the present results showed that L. alba essential oil contains bioactive compounds with great repellent activity against ticks that varies according to the plant genotype.
Biofilm formation and Candida albicans morphology on the surface of denture base materials
Authors: Susewind Sabine , Lang Reinhold , Hahnel Sebastian 
Published: October 2015

SummaryFungal biofilms may contribute to the occurrence of denture stomatitis. The objective of the study was to investigate the biofilm formation and morphology of Candida albicans in biofilms on the surface of denture base materials. Specimens were prepared from different denture base materials. After determination of surface properties and salivary pellicle formation, mono‐ and multispecies biofilm formation including Candida albicans ATCC 10231 was initiated. Relative amounts of adherent cells were determined after 20, 44, 68 and 188 h; C. albicans morphology was analysed employing selective fluorescence microscopic analysis. Significant differences were identified in the relative amount of cells adherent to the denture base materials. Highest blastospore/hyphae index suggesting an increased percentage of hyphae was observed in mono‐ and multispecies biofilms on the soft denture liner, which did not necessarily respond to the highest relative amount of adherent cells. For both biofilm models, lowest relative amount of adherent cells was identified on the methacrylate‐based denture base material, which did not necessarily relate to a significantly lower blastospore/hyphae index. The results indicate that there are significant differences in both biofilm formation as well as the morphology of C. albicans cells in biofilms on the surface of different denture base materials.
Secreted adenosine triphosphate from Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans triggers chemokine response
Authors: Ding Q. , Quah S.Y. , Tan K.S. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryExtracellular ATP (eATP) is an important intercellular signaling molecule secreted by activated immune cells or released by damaged cells. In mammalian cells, a rapid increase of ATP concentration in the extracellular space sends a danger signal, which alerts the immune system of an impending danger, resulting in recruitment and priming of phagocytes. Recent studies show that bacteria also release ATP into the extracellular milieu, suggesting a potential role for eATP in host–microbe interactions. It is currently unknown if any oral bacteria release eATP. As eATP triggers and amplifies innate immunity and inflammation, we hypothesized that eATP secreted from periodontal bacteria may contribute to inflammation in periodontitis. The aims of this study were to determine if periodontal bacteria secrete ATP, and to determine the function of bacterially derived eATP as an inducer of inflammation. Our results showed that Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, but not Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, or Fusobacterium nucleatum, secreted ATP into the culture supernatant. Exposure of periodontal fibroblasts to filter sterilized culture supernatant of A. actinomycetemcomitans induced chemokine expression in an eATP‐dependent manner. This occurred independently of cyclic adenosine monophosphate and phospholipase C, suggesting that ionotrophic P2X receptor is involved in sensing of bacterial eATP. Silencing of P2X7 receptor in periodontal fibroblasts led to a significant reduction in bacterial eATP‐induced chemokine response. Furthermore, bacterial eATP served as a potent chemoattractant for neutrophils and monocytes. Collectively, our findings provide evidence for secreted ATP of A. actinomycetemcomitans as a novel virulence factor contributing to inflammation during periodontal disease.
Association of Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Therapy with All‐Cause Mortality—A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: QIAN ZHIYONG , ZHANG ZHIYONG , GUO JIANGHONG , WANG YAO , HOU XIAOFENG , FENG GUANGZHI , ZOU JIANGANG 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundImplantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) have become the standard approach for prevention of sudden cardiac death. Whether ICD therapy is an independent predictor of all‐cause mortality is controversial. We made the systematic review and meta‐analysis to estimate the impact of ICD therapy on mortality.MethodsWe searched the PubMed and Embase databases for studies evaluating the effect of ICD shocks or antitachycardia pacing (ATP) on mortality. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random effects models.ResultsThirteen cohort studies were identified. Mean ejection fraction of the population was 23–35%; 68.0% had ischemic etiology, and 74.5% received a primary prevention ICD implantation. Appropriate shocks were an independent predictor of increased mortality compared with no‐shock or no‐therapy patients (HR 2.07, 2.76, respectively). In contrast, inconsistent results were obtained during inappropriate‐shock analyses: when compared with no‐shock patients, inappropriate shocks were associated with an increased risk of death (HR 1.54, 95% CI: 1.25–1.89, P < 0.0001); however, when compared to no‐therapy patients, there was no relationship between inappropriate shocks and mortality (HR 1.20, 95% CI: 0.90–1.61, P = 0.22). Subgroup analysis in heart failure patients also did not find any difference in mortality between inappropriate‐shock and no‐therapy patients. No increased risk of mortality was found in the patients who experienced appropriate or inappropriate ATP only.ConclusionAppropriate shocks were associated with an increased mortality in ICD patients. However, whether inappropriate shocks worsened the clinical outcome was controversial, and larger prospective trials are needed to clarify the issue.
Genetic analysis and identification of two soybean mosaic virus resistance genes in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr]
Authors: Li Kai , Ren Rui , Adhimoolam Karthikeyan , Gao Le , Yuan Yuan , Liu Zhitao , Zhong Yongkun , Zhi Haijian 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSoybean mosaic virus (SMV) commonly affects soybean production worldwide, and the SC18 strain has been widespread in China. This study aimed to characterize and map the SC18 resistance genes present in soybean cultivars ‘Kefeng No. 1’ and ‘Qihuang 22’. Inheritance analysis revealed that two independent single dominant genes in Kefeng No. 1 and Qihuang 22 confer resistance to SC18. Using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and bulked segregant analysis, the Kefeng No. 1 and Qihuang 22 resistance genes were located on soybean chromosomes 2 and 13, respectively. We further screened two populations of recombinant inbred lines with 32 SSR markers in the target region, where the resistance gene in Kefeng No. 1 was fine mapped to an 80‐kb region containing six putative genes. Sequence and expression analyses of these genes revealed that SMV resistance in Kefeng No. 1 was probably attributable to three of the candidate genes (i.e. Glyma.02G127800, Glyma.02G128200 and Glyma.02G128300). Collectively, the results of this study will greatly facilitate the cloning of SC18 resistance genes and marker‐assisted breeding of SMV‐resistant soybean cultivars.
Phylogeny ofDendroctonusbark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) inferred from morphological and molecular data
Authors: VÍCTOR JAVIER , ZÚÑIGA GERARDO 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBark beetles in the genusDendroctonusmay attack and kill several species of coniferous trees, some of them causing major economic losses in temperate forests throughoutNorth andCentralAmerica. For this reason, they have been widely studied. However, various aspects of the taxonomy and evolutionary history of the group remain contentious. The genus has been subdivided in species groups according to morphological, biological, karyological or molecular attributes, but the evolutionary affinities among species and species groups within the genus remain uncertain. In this study, phylogenetic relationships amongDendroctonusspecies were reassessed through parsimony‐based cladistic analysis of morphological andDNAsequence data. Phylogenetic inference was based on 36 morphological characters and on mitochondrial DNA sequences of the cytochrome oxidaseI(COI) gene. Analyses were carried out for each dataset, as well as for the combined data analysed simultaneously, under equal and implied weights. According to the combined analysis, the genusDendroctonusis a monophyletic group defined by at least three synapomorphic characters and there are four main lineages of varied composition and diversity within the genus. Within these lineages, several monophyletic groups match, to some extent, species groups defined by previous authors, but certain groups proposed by those authors are polyphyletic or paraphyletic.
Non‐canonical structure, function and phylogeny of the BsisterMADS‐box gene OsMADS30 of rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Schilling Susanne , Gramzow Lydia , Lobbes Dajana , Kirbis Alexander , Weilandt Lisa , Hoffmeier Andrea , Junker Astrid , Weigelt‐Fischer Kathleen , Klukas Christian , Wu Feng , Meng Zheng , Altmann Thomas , Theißen Günter 
Published: October 2015

SummaryBsister MADS‐box genes play key roles in female reproductive organ and seed development throughout seed plants. This view is supported by their high conservation in terms of sequence, expression and function. In grasses, there are three subclades of Bsister genes: the OsMADS29‐, the OsMADS30‐ and the OsMADS31‐like genes. Here, we report on the evolution of the OsMADS30‐like genes. Our analyses indicate that these genes evolved under relaxed purifying selection and are rather weakly expressed. OsMADS30, the representative of the OsMADS30‐like genes from rice (Oryza sativa), shows strong sequence deviations in its 3′ region when compared to orthologues from other grass species. We show that this is due to a 2.4‐kbp insertion, possibly of a hitherto unknown helitron, which confers a heterologous C‐terminal domain to OsMADS30. This putative helitron is not present in the OsMADS30 orthologues from closely related wild rice species, pointing to a relatively recent insertion event. Unlike other Bsister mutants O. sativa plants carrying a T‐DNA insertion in the OsMADS30 gene do not show aberrant seed phenotypes, indicating that OsMADS30 likely does not have a canonical ‘Bsister function’. However, imaging‐based phenotyping of the T‐DNA carrying plants revealed alterations in shoot size and architecture. We hypothesize that sequence deviations that accumulated during a period of relaxed selection in the gene lineage that led to OsMADS30 and the alteration of the C‐terminal domain might have been a precondition for a potential neo‐functionalization of OsMADS30 in O. sativa.
Exposure to ABO‐nonidentical blood associated with increased in‐hospital mortality in patients with group A blood
Authors: Pai Menaka , Cook Richard , Barty Rebecca , Eikelboom John , Lee Ker‐Ai , Heddle Nancy 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUNDTransfusing ABO‐compatible blood avoids most acute hemolytic reactions, but donor units that are ABO compatible are not necessarily ABO identical. Emerging data have raised concerns that ABO‐nonidentical blood products lead to adverse outcomes.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSA large multihospital registry (Transfusion Registry for Utilization, Surveillance, and Tracking) was used to determine the association between exposure to ABO‐nonidentical blood and in‐hospital mortality. Cox regression analyses controlled for sex, age, hemoglobin, creatinine, and in‐hospital interventions and stratified by age of blood and admission year.RESULTSData from 18,843 non–group O patients admitted between 2002 and 2011 and receiving at least 1 unit of blood were analyzed. Overall, group A patients had significantly increased risk of in‐hospital death upon receiving a nonidentical unit (RR , 1.79; 95% CI, 1.20‐2.67; p = 0.005). There was no evidence of increased risk for group B or AB patients. Similar results were seen when only patients with circulatory disorders were considered. When patients with an injury or poisoning diagnosis were excluded, the risk of in‐hospital death after receiving a non‐identical unit was significantly higher in group A patients and significantly lower in Group B patients.CONCLUSIONOur study demonstrates an adverse effect of ABO‐nonidentical blood in a broad range of patients with group A blood, after adjustment for potential confounders. Further research in this area is required to study possible mechanisms. Increased mortality associated with exposure to nonidentical blood in these patients would have a substantial impact at the population level; it would challenge how blood suppliers manage inventory and recruit donors and how health care providers administer blood.
Suspected synthetic cannabinoid toxicosis in a dog
Authors: Williams Keysa , Wells Raegan J. , McLean Mary Kay 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the effects of suspected synthetic cannabinoid (SC) toxicosis and the response to intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) therapy in a dog.Case summaryA 2‐year‐8‐month‐old male Boxer dog was evaluated at an emergency hospital for progressive ataxia and inappropriate mentation. The initial physical examination identified marked hypothermia (32.7°C [90.9°F]), intermittent sinus bradycardia (60/min), stuporous mentation with intermittent aggression, and severe ataxia. Neurologic status deteriorated to comatose mentation within 2 hours of presentation. The initial diagnostic evaluation (eg, CBC, serum biochemistry profile, venous blood gas, and electrolyte determination) revealed a respiratory acidosis and thrombocytopenia. The owner reported that the dog was exposed to an SC containing Damiana leaf, Marshmallow leaf, and Athaea leaves. Initial treatment included IV fluids and supplemental oxygen. Mechanical ventilation was provided due to hypoventilation and periods of apnea. Intravenous lipid emulsion therapy was administered as a bolus (1.5 mL/kg) and continued as a continuous rate infusion (0.5 mL/kg/h) for a total of 6 hours. The dog became rousable and was weaned from mechanical ventilation approximately 15 hours following presentation. The dog was eating and walking with no ataxia, had a normal mentation at approximately 33 hours following presentation, and was discharged home at that time. Communication with the owners 5 days following discharge revealed that the dog was apparently normal.New or Unique Information ProvidedBased on this case and other reports in the literature regarding human exposures, SC ingestion may result in more severe clinical signs than marijuana ingestion in dogs. Significant clinical intervention may be necessary. Intravenous lipid emulsion treatment may be beneficial due to the lipophilicity of SC.
Acute tracheal compression in a large breed dog due to a dorsal tracheal membrane abscess
Authors: Lynch Alex M. , O'Toole Therese E. , Rush John E. , Rondeau Danielle , O'Neill Kelly , Kudej Raymond K. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo describe a case of acute tracheal compression due to a dorsal tracheal membrane abscess in a dog.Case SummaryA 3‐year‐old intact male Bluetick Coonhound presented for evaluation of 36 hours of marked inspiratory dyspnea and stridor. A radiographic diagnosis of tracheal collapse was made on thoracic radiographs, which was confirmed to be static compression by tracheoscopy. Dorsal extraluminal tracheal compression from a fluid filled structure adjacent to the trachea was suspected based on ultrasonography. Endoscopic‐guided transtracheal fine needle aspiration yielded septic suppurative inflammation. At surgery an abscess in the dorsal tracheal membrane was identified, lanced, and lavaged, which resulted in restoration of normal tracheal diameter. The dog developed bilateral pneumothorax, which was treated medically by thoracostomy tube placement and manual evacuation of the accumulated air. Postoperative radiographs also revealed evidence of pneumomediastinum. Pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum likely occurred secondary to the surgical approach, worsened by positive pressure ventilation. Cultures of the abscess isolated a nonhemolytic Streptococcus species but with no evidence of anaerobic bacteria. The dog made a full functional recovery.New or Unique Information ProvidedTracheal compression is a rare diagnosis in dogs. To the authors’ knowledge, this represents the first report of an abscess in the dorsal tracheal membrane, diagnosed by endoscopic‐guided transtracheal fine needle aspiration, causing clinically relevant acute tracheal obstruction.