bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Müntzer's “Theology of Revolution” and Literary Activism in Luther Blissett's Q
Authors: De Donno Fabrizio 
Published: April 2013

Abstract: This article explores the resurrection of the myth of Thomas Müntzer in the historical novel Q, published in 1999 by the Italian collective group of writers Luther Blissett / Wu Ming. The piece assesses the collective's reasons for returning to the German Peasants’ War of 1525 and Anabaptism, while also considering the Marxist tradition of engagement with Müntzer, particularly from Engels and Kautsky to Bloch. These philosophers’ considerations of the relationship between materialism and theology are used in this article as a platform to discuss the central role in the novel of Bloch's rendition of Müntzer's theological communism. Bloch's reading of Müntzer as a “theologian of revolution” is here deemed instrumental in shaping the novel's heroic figure and the collective dimension of his utopian spiritual will of revolution. The essay also examines how Q employs an epic mode of narration to articulate a nomadic struggle between the subversive millennialism of the common people embodied by the hero-narrator, and the authoritarian millennialism of the Roman Church, personified by the character of Q. While reading the novel next to some recent work by Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri, the article argues that the resurrection of the myth of Müntzer functions at an allegorical level in order to, on the one hand, revitalize and popularize utopian radicalism in connection with countercultural activism, and, on the other, warn against the authoritarian potential of utopian myths and the repressive methods of institutional power. The transmedial dimension of Luther Blissett / Wu Ming's work is also considered, while attempting some conclusions about the links between literature, theology and activism.
Nature, Wounded and Healed in Early Patristic Thought
Authors: Behr John 
Published: April 2013

Abstract: This article uses the work of Irenaeus to understand Paul's words about creation being subjected by God to futility and travail until the revelation of the sons of God, from an eschatological perspective rather than the customary protological one: instead of postulating an original pristine, perfect creation, distorted by the Fall, Irenaeus envisions the economy from the perspective of Christ's Passion and assertion from the cross that “it is finished,” so that the economy has always included human apostasy and death as the means whereby we finally learn of our weakness and mortality, so also coming to know of the strength of God “made perfect in weakness,” resulting in a living human being, “the glory of God,” manifest most clearly in the martyrs, no longer living by a breath of life but by the life-giving Spirit. While all other aspects of creation were brought into being by a divine “fiat,” God's own project, to make human beings in his image requires, however, creatures who are able to say “fiat,” conforming themselves to Christ by taking up his cross. The perfection of creation, thus, does not lie in the past, but in the end, in Christ, and so from the beginning, Adam, as a type of the one to come, points to him, and the final revealing of the sons and daughters of God in Christ and the groaning of creation, which must necessarily pass away, as it produces the fruit of immortality, is an intrinsic part of this process.
Society of Neurological Surgeons boot camp courses: knowledge retention and relevance of hands-on learning after 6 months of postgraduate year 1 training
Authors: Selden Nathan R. , Anderson Valerie C. , McCartney Shirley , Origitano Thomas C. , Burchiel Kim J. , Barbaro Nicholas M. 
Published: April 2013

Object
In July 2010, the Society of Neurological Surgeons (SNS) introduced regional courses to promote patient safety and teach fundamental skills and knowledge to all postgraduate Year 1 (PGY1) trainees entering Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)–accredited US neurosurgery residency programs. Data from these courses demonstrated significant didactic learning and high faculty and resident satisfaction with hands-on training. Here, the authors evaluated the durability of learning from and the relevance of participation in SNS PGY1 courses as measured midway through PGY1 training.

Methods
Resident participants were resurveyed 6 months after boot camp course attendance to assess knowledge retention and course effectiveness. Exposure to relevant hands-on experiences during PGY1 training and the subjective value of pre-residency simulated training in the courses were assessed.

Results
Ninety-four percent of all residents entering US PGY1 neurosurgical training participated in the 2010 SNS boot camp courses. One hundred sixty-four (88%) of these resident participants responded to the survey. Six months after course completion, 99% of respondents believed the boot camp courses benefited beginning neurosurgery residents and imparted skills and knowledge that would improve patient care. The PGY1 residents' knowledge of information taught in the courses was retained 6 months after initial testing (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions
The learning and other benefits of participation in a national curriculum for residents entering PGY1 neurosurgical training were maintained 6 months after the courses, halfway through the initial training year.
Evaluation of the USE IT-questionnaire for the Evaluation of the Adoption of Electronic Patient Records by Healthcare Professionals
Authors: Hoogeboom A. M. G. M. , Michel-Verkerke M. B. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryBackground: A combined quantitative and qualitative socio-technical approach is applied in two evaluation studies of electronic patient records (EPR). In these studies the focus was on factors influencing the adoption of the EPR by care providers.Objective: The research approach is based on the USE IT-model. In addition to the USE IT-interview model, the USE IT-questionnaire is presented and evaluated in order to pre sent a valid and useful integrated approach for the evaluation of IT-adoption in healthcare.Methods: The USE IT-questionnaire was evaluated by applying a principal component analysis of the quantitative results in two cases (n = 222), and by comparison of the resulting factors with the determinants of the USE IT-model.Results: The factor analysis of the USE IT-questionnaire resulted in six valid factors: 1. Task support satisfaction, 2. Interface satisfaction, 3. Compatibility, 4. Collaboration, 5. Learnability, and 6. Accessibility. The questions about resources did not combine into a factor.Conclusion: The detailed questions of the questionnaire lead to decomposition of the constructs Task support satisfaction and Ease of use into factors. The construct Task support satisfaction which was supposed to measure relevance was decomposed in two factors measuring relevance and two factors measuring micro-requirements.
Hand hygiene practices and resources in a teaching hospital in Ghana
Authors: Yawson Alfred Edwin , Hesse Afua A. J 
Published: April 2013

Introduction: Nosocomial infections have long been neglected in Sub-Saharan Africa, and hand hygiene (HH) is usually neglected in hospital settings. This study aimed to provide baseline data on HH compliance among health workers and HH resources in a large West African teaching hospital. Methodology: A cross-sectional, unobtrusive observational study assessed personal and care-related HH compliance among doctors and nurses and HH resources in 15 service provision centres of the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH), Ghana, in 2011. Data was collected with an infection prevention checklist and health worker HH compliance form, based on World Health Organization guidelines. Results: Care-related HH compliance of doctors and nurses was low and basic HH resources were deficient in all 15 service centres. Care-related HH compliance among doctors ranged from 9.2% to 57% and 9.6% to 54% among nurses. HH compliance was higher when risk was perceived to be higher (i.e., in the emergency and wound dressing/treatment rooms and labour wards). The neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) showed the highest level of compliance among health workers. Facilities for HH, particularly alcohol hand rub and liquid soap dispensers were shown to be deficient. Conclusion: Care-related HH compliance among doctors and nurses in this large West African hospital is low; however, the NICU, which had implemented HH interventions, had better HH compliance. HH intervention programs should be designed and promoted in all service centres. Also, the introduction of alcohol-based hand rubs as an accessible and effective HH alternative in Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital is recommended.
Race, Ethnicity, and Disease Outcomes in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Cross-sectional Analysis of the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) Registry
Authors: Ringold Sarah , Beukelman Timothy , Nigrovic Peter A. , Kimura Yukiko ,   CARRA Registry Site Principal Investigators
Published: April 2013

Objective.To measure the associations between self-reported race and ethnicity and disease outcomes, including joint damage, pain, and functional ability, in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).Methods.A cross-sectional analysis of children with JIA enrolled in the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) Registry between May 2010 and March 2012. Mann-Whitney U test and chi-square testing were used to compare patient characteristics between race (white, African American, or Asian) and ethnicity (Non-Hispanic and Non-Latino; Hispanic or Latino) categories. Logistic regression was used to measure the associations between each race or ethnicity category and the outcome of interest.Results.Race category was available for 4292 of 4682 children (93% white, 5% African American, Asian 3%). Ethnicity data were available for 4644 (11% Hispanic or Latino). African American children with polyarticular-course JIA had an elevated OR for joint damage on radiographic imaging compared to white children (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.0–3.1; p = 0.04). Hispanic/Latino children had increased odds of having disability scores > 75th percentile (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1–2.1; p < 0.01) compared to non-Hispanic/Latino children; however, these odds were no longer significant when the cohort was limited to children with polyarticular-course JIA. Asian children had decreased odds of higher pain and functional disability compared to white children (p < 0.05).Conclusion.Race and ethnicity were variably associated with joint damage, pain, and functional ability. Understanding outcome variation between different race and ethnicity groups may help to optimize care for children with JIA.
Transfert, capacité d'absorption et encastrement des connaissances dans les filiales occidentales implantées en Tunisie
Authors: Hachana Rym , Saidani Chiraz 
Published: April 2013

Cet article a une triple visée : il cherche à expliquer les mécanismes qui régissent le processus de transfert des connaissances entre siège/filiales. Cette étude cherche également à apporter des éléments de réponses à la problématique de la capacité d’absorption et l’encastrement (relationnel/ structurel et politique/institutionnel) des connaissances reçues par les filiales occidentales implantées en Tunisie.
Initiatives populaires de solidarité internationale en Wallonie et à Bruxelles : portrait et enjeux d'une coopération à taille humaine
Authors: Godin Julie 
Published: April 2013

Face à la multiplication et à la diversité des acteurs qui mènent aujourd’hui des activités de coopération au développement, nous avons enquêté auprès de 171 initiatives populaires de solidarité internationale en Wallonie et à Bruxelles. Cet article se propose de dresser le portrait de ces acteurs, ainsi que les enjeux auxquels ils sont confrontés dans la mise en œuvre de leurs projets de solidarité internationale comme celui, primordial, de la professionnalisation du secteur.
L'Unesco et l'Union internationale pour la protection de la nature. Une impossible transmission de valeurs ?
Authors: Woebse Anna-Katharina 
Published: April 2013

Les questions environnementales ne devinrent un sujet de préoccupation majeur de toutes les organisations de l’ONU qu’à partir de la fin des années 1960, quand le « tournant environnemental » fit irruption dans l’espace public. Cet article décrit le mécanisme par lequel l’Unesco fit émerger le discours environnemental dans l’immédiat après-guerre, mais échoua à mettre en place un espace de discussion solide et influent avant les années 1960. Il dresse un aperçu des questions environnementales débattues après la seconde guerre mondiale et étudie les conséquences des rivalités croissantes entre les différents groupes d’intérêts agissant au sein de la famille onusienne.
Coagulation Abnormalities in Osteonecrosis and Bone Marrow Edema Syndrome
Authors: Orth Patrick , Anagnostakos Konstantinos 
Published: April 2013

Educational ObjectivesAs a result of reading this article, physicians should be able to:1.Identify relevant coagulation laboratory parameters at the site of osteonecrosis and bone marrow edema syndrome.2.Understand the mechanisms of fibrinolysis and its possible role in the emergence of osteonecrosis and bone marrow edema syndrome.3.Understand the mechanisms of thrombophilia and its possible role in the emergence of osteonecrosis and bone marrow edema syndrome.4.Increase their knowledge about diagnostic and therapeutic measures at the site of osteonecrosis and bone marrow edema syndrome when disturbed coagulation laboratory parameters are present.The aim of this review was to provide information about the variety of thrombophilic and hypofibrinolytic markers that are possible risk factors for the development of osteonecrosis and bone marrow edema syndrome. A total of 48 parameters were identified in 45 studies that included 2163 patients. The most frequently reported laboratory findings included altered serum concentrations of lipoproteins, decreased concentration and function of fibrinolytic agents, increased levels of thrombophilic markers, and several single nucleotide polymorphisms. Despite inhomogeneities in reported parameters, results, patients’ collectives, and treatment strategies, these data suggest that coagulation abnormalities may play an important role in the emergence of osteonecrosis and bone marrow edema syndrome.
Reducing the Risk of Bone Cement Implantation Syndrome During Femoral Arthroplasty
Authors: Rothberg David L. , Kubiak Erik N. , Peters Chris L. , Randall R. Lor , Aoki Stephen K. 
Published: April 2013

Patients with pathologic hip fractures or impending pathologic proximal femur fractures are at a high risk for developing bone cement implantation syndrome during cemented femoral arthroplasty. Comorbid conditions of patients who sustain these fractures, including cardiopulmonary compromise and permeable, highly vascular bone related to metastatic disease, put them at risk for sudden death. Reducing intraoperative intramedullary pressure, a modifiable intraoperative intervention, may decrease this risk. The goals of this study were to determine the pressure generated by low- and high-viscosity cement during femoral implantation and the pullout strength of the bone-cement-implant interface.
Ten pairs of cadaveric femurs were divided into 2 groups: those receiving low-viscosity cement and those receiving high-viscosity cement during femoral arthroplasty. Pressure was recorded with sensors implanted in the lateral femoral cortex at proximal, middle, and distal implant positions in both groups during cement insertion and prosthesis implantation. Each construct underwent pullout failure testing after thorough cement curing. Significantly higher pressures were generated with high-viscosity cement for implant fixation, whereas the pullout force to failure was similar between groups.
Low-viscosity cementation may be used to reduce the risk of bone cement implantation syndrome in high-risk patients with pathologic hip fractures or impending pathologic proximal femur fractures. The proposed mechanism of risk reduction is through lower intramedullary pressure with no bone-cement-implant interface pullout strength reduction. Further clinical trials are needed to prove this biomechanical effect.
Predictors of Oswestry Disability Index Worsening After Lumbar Fusion
Authors: Gum Jeffrey L. , Carreon Leah Y. , Stimac Jeffrey D. , Glassman Steven D. 
Published: April 2013

The authors identified patients with an increase in their Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score after lumbar spine fusion to evaluate whether this is a plausible definition of deterioration and to determine whether any common patient characteristics exist.
A total of 1054 patients who underwent lumbar spinal fusion and had 2-year follow-up data, including the Short Form 36, the ODI, and numeric rating scales for back and leg pain, were identified. Patients with worsening ODI were compared with the remaining cohort. Twenty-eight patients had an absolute increase (worse) in ODI at 1 year postoperatively. Participants with worsening ODI scores included 13 men and 15 women with an average age of 43.3 years; 15 (54%) were smokers. Common medical comorbidities included obesity and hypertension. Complications occurred in 5 (18%) patients and included wound infection, dural tear, and nerve root injury. Pseudarthrosis was common (n=8; 28%). Twenty-one patients required an additional intervention, including epidural injections, fusion revision, and cervical spine surgery.
It is important to have a clear definition of deterioration to better provide informed consent or choice of treatment. Only 28 (2.6%) patients were identified as having an increase in ODI score at 2-year follow-up.
TLR Activation Excludes Circulating Naive CD8+ T Cells from Gut-Associated Lymphoid Organs in Mice
Authors: Heidegger Simon , Kirchner Sophie-Kathrin , Stephan Nicolas , Bohn Bernadette , Suhartha Nina , Hotz Christian , Anz David , Sandholzer Nadja , Stecher Bärbel , Rüssmann Holger , Endres Stefan , Bourquin Carole 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
The trafficking of effector T cells is tightly regulated by the expression of site-specific sets of homing molecules. In contrast, naive T cells are generally assumed to express a uniform pattern of homing molecules and to follow a random distribution within the blood and secondary lymphoid organs. In this study, we demonstrate that systemic infection fundamentally modifies the trafficking of circulating naive CD8+ T cells. We show that on naive CD8+ T cells, the constitutive expression of the integrin α4β7 that effects their entry into GALT is downregulated following infection of mice with Salmonella typhimurium. We further show that this downregulation is dependent on TLR signaling, and that the TLR-activated naive CD8+ T cells are blocked from entering GALT. This contrasts strongly with Ag-experienced effector T cells, for which TLR costimulation in the GALT potently upregulates α4β7 and enhances trafficking to intestinal tissues. Thus, TLR activation leads to opposite effects on migration of naive and effector CD8+ T cells. Our data identify a mechanism that excludes noncognate CD8+ T cells from selected immune compartments during TLR-induced systemic inflammation.
CD163 and IgG Codefend against Cytotoxic Hemoglobin via Autocrine and Paracrine Mechanisms
Authors: Subramanian Karthik , Du Ruijuan , Tan Nguan Soon , Ho Bow , Ding Jeak Ling 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Lysis of RBCs during numerous clinical settings such as severe hemolytic anemia, infection, tissue injury, or blood transfusion releases the endogenous damage-associated molecular pattern, hemoglobin (Hb), into the plasma. The redox-reactive Hb generates cytotoxic reactive oxygen species, disrupting the redox balance and impairing the immune-responsive blood cells. Therefore, it is crucial to understand how the immune system defends against the cytotoxic Hb. We identified a shortcut “capture and quench” mechanism of detoxification of Hb by the monocyte scavenger receptor CD163, independent of the well-known dominant antioxidant, haptoglobin. Our findings support a highly efficient two-pass mechanism of detoxification and clearance of Hb: 1) a direct suppression of Hb-pseudoperoxidase activity by CD163, involving an autocrine loop of CD163 shedding, sequestration of Hb, recycling, and homeostasis of CD163 in human monocytes and 2) paracrine transactivation of endothelial cells by the shedded soluble CD163 (sCD163), which further detoxifies and clears residual Hb. We showed that sCD163 and IgG interact with free Hb in the plasma and subsequently the sCD163-Hb-IgG complex is endocytosed into monocytes via FcγR. The endocytosed sCD163 is recycled to restore the homeostasis of CD163 on the monocyte membrane in an autocrine cycle, whereas the internalized Hb is catabolized. Using ex vivo coculture experiments, we demonstrated that the monocyte-derived sCD163 and IgG shuttle residual plasma Hb into the proximal endothelial cells. These findings suggest that CD163 and IgG collaborate to engage monocytes and endothelial cells in a two-pass detoxification mechanism to mount a systemic defense against Hb-induced oxidative stress.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Tune the Development of Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells Toward a Myeloid-Derived Suppressive Phenotype through Growth-Regulated Oncogene Chemokines
Authors: Chen Hsin-Wei , Chen Hsin-Yu , Wang Li-Tzu , Wang Fu-Hui , Fang Li-Wen , Lai Hsiu-Yu , Chen Hsuan-Hsu , Lu Jean , Hung Ming-Shiu , Cheng Yao , Chen Mei-Yu , Liu Shih-Jen , Chong Pele , Lee Oscar Kuang-Sheng , Hsu Shu-Ching 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are promising potential candidates for the treatment of immunological diseases because of their immunosuppressive functions. However, the molecular mechanisms that mediate MSCs’ immunosuppressive activity remain elusive. In this article, we report for the first time, to our knowledge, that secreted growth-regulated oncogene (GRO) chemokines, specifically GRO-γ, in human MSC-conditioned media have an effect on the differentiation and the function of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. The monocyte-derived dendritic cells were driven toward a myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC)–like phenotype by the GRO chemokines. GRO-γ–treated MDSCs had a tolerogenic phenotype that was characterized by an increase in the secretion of IL-10 and IL-4, and a reduction in the production of IL-12 and IFN-γ. We have also shown that the mRNA expression levels of the arginase-1 and inducible NO synthase genes, which characterize MDSCs, were upregulated by GRO-γ–primed mouse bone marrow cells. In addition, the ability of GRO-γ–treated bone marrow–derived dendritic cells to stimulate the OVA-specific CD8+ T (OT-1) cell proliferation and the cytokine production of IFN-γ and TNF-α were significantly decreased in vivo. Our findings allow a greater understanding of how MDSCs can be generated and offer new perspectives to exploit the potential of MDSCs for alternative approaches to treat chronic inflammation and autoimmunity, as well as for the prevention of transplant rejection.