bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A meshless singular boundary method for three‐dimensional elasticity problems
Authors: Gu Yan , Chen Wen , Gao Hongwei , Zhang Chuanzeng 
Published: October 2015

SummaryThis study documents the first attempt to extend the singular boundary method, a novel meshless boundary collocation method, for the solution of 3D elasticity problems. The singular boundary method involves a coupling between the regularized BEM and the method of fundamental solutions. The main idea here is to fully inherit the dimensionality and stability advantages of the former and the meshless and integration‐free attributes of the later. This makes it particularly attractive for problems in complex geometries and three dimensions. Four benchmark 3D problems in linear elasticity are well studied to demonstrate the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed method. The advantages, disadvantages, and potential applications of the proposed method, as compared with the FEM, BEM, and method of fundamental solutions, are also examined and discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychological detachment and savoring in adaptation to cancer caregiving
Authors: Hou Wai Kai , Lau Kam Man , Ng Sin Man , Lee Tatia Mei Chun , Cheung Hester Yui Shan , Shum Tracy Chui Yu , Cheng Ashley Chi Kin 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundRecovery experience including psychological detachment from caregiving and savoring positive moments in life could be complementary coping processes for cancer caregivers. This study aims to examine the nature of their associations with caregiving burden and anxiety and depressive symptoms among Chinese cancer caregivers in Hong Kong.MethodsA total of 155 Chinese caregivers of recently diagnosed cancer patients (mean time since diagnosis = 42.57 days, SD = 39.25) were recruited from two major government‐funded hospitals and administered a questionnaire assessing psychological detachment, savoring, caregiving burden, anxiety and depressive symptoms, and demographics.ResultsControlling for demographic and medical covariates, structural equation modeling revealed significant associations of detachment, savoring, and their interaction term with caregiving burden and anxiety and depressive symptoms. Detachment and savoring were inversely associated with caregiving burden only when the other was at lower/medium levels. Detachment was inversely associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms at lower/medium levels of savoring, but savoring was inversely associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms across all levels of detachment.ConclusionsDetachment and savoring could overshadow the positive impact of the other on caregiving burden if either one is at higher levels, while they could demonstrate concurrent positive impact on burden when both are at lower/medium levels. Savoring could have a prioritized role in ameliorating caregivers' anxiety and depressive symptoms, supplemented by detachment. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mediterranean fruit fly on Mimusops zeyheri indigenous to South Africa: a threat to the horticulture industry
Authors: Dube Zakheleni P , Mashela Phatu W , Mathabatha Raesibe V 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDClaims abound that the Transvaal red milkwood, Mimusops zeyheri, indigenous to areas with tropical and subtropical commercial fruit trees and fruiting vegetables in South Africa, is relatively pest free owing to its copious concentrations of latex in the above‐ground organs. On account of observed fruit fly damage symptoms, a study was conducted to determine whether M. zeyheri was a host to the notorious quarantined Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata).RESULTSFruit samples were kept for 16–21 days in plastic pots containing moist steam‐pasteurised growing medium with tops covered with a mesh sheath capable of retaining emerging flies. Microscopic diagnosis of the trapped flies suggested that the morphological characteristics were congruent with those of C. capitata, which was confirmed through cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene sequence alignment with a 100% bootstrap value and 99% confidence probability when compared with those from the National Centre for Biotechnology Information database.CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrated that M. zeyheri is a host of C. capitata. Therefore, C. capitata from infestation reservoirs of M. zeyheri fruit trees could be a major threat to the tropical and subtropical fruit industries in South Africa owing to the fruit‐bearing nature of the new host. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Delta‐based regression testing: a formal framework towards model‐driven regression testing
Authors: Nooraei Abadeh Maryam , Mirian‐Hosseinabadi Seyed‐Hassan 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe increase in complexity and rate of technological changes in modern software development has led to a demand for systematic methods that raise the abstraction level for system maintenance and regression testing. Model‐driven development (MDD) has promised to reduce extra coding efforts in software maintenance activities using traceable change management. The research described in this paper presents a Z‐notation‐based framework, called delta‐based regression testing (DbRT), for formal modeling of regression testing in the context of MDD. The framework proposes to propagate the changes from a software specification to testing artifacts in order to preserve consistency after system evolution. Also, an effective delta‐based selection technique is provided for regression testing at the platform‐independent level. The framework is further enriched by introducing a new category of coverage patterns for DbRT. Complex coverage patterns can be defined using a declarative query language syntax for examining the adequacy of regression testing. Finally, an implementation technique and an analysis plan are provided to assess the effectiveness of the proposed framework. The assessment process is expected to be beneficial to both the platform‐independent and platform‐specific level of DbRT by identifying the desired coverage according to available testing resources. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Blueprint for Implementing Small‐Group Collaborative Discussions
Authors: Beaulieu‐Jones Lisa , Proctor C. Patrick 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe adoption of the Common Core in many states across the country means we need to explore instructional approaches that promote student language use in order to meet many of the complex linguistic standards that comprise the Common Core. In this Teaching Tip, we provide a blueprint for a 4‐week collaborative discussion mini‐unit that a second grade teacher used in one of her small reading groups. We found that collaborative discussions can be implemented with relative ease and efficiency, and work with both bilingual and monolingual speakers alike. However, not all texts work for such discussions, and the teacher's role in facilitating participation is a necessary dimension of effective small group discussions.
Octahedral and Cyclic [Ag6] Cluster Cores Stabilized by {Ag3(Spz)3(N‐triphos)3} Motifs [HSpz = Pyrazine‐2‐thiolate, N‐triphos = Tris((diphenylphosphanyl)methyl)amine]: Ag···Ag Interactions
Authors: Ni Qing‐Ling , Zhang Fang , Huang Ting‐Hong , Wu Xue‐Peng , Wang Xiu‐Jian , Liang Guang‐Ming , Yang Kun‐Guo 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe complexes [Ag12(Spz)12(N‐triphos)2][Ag3(Spz)3(N‐triphos)]2·(DMF)6 (1) and [Ag18(Spz)12(N‐triphos)4(CF3CO2)6] (2) were synthesized and structurally characterized by X‐ray diffraction [HSpz = pyrazine‐2‐thiolate, N‐triphos = tris((diphenylphosphanyl)methyl)amine]. The central [Ag6] ring with chair‐conformation in 1 and the ideally octahedral [Ag6] cluster core in 2 are both stabilized by the tripodal building units of neutral [Ag3(Spz)3(N‐triphos)] compound. The Ag···Ag distances of the [Ag6] moieties in 1 and 2 are 3.07 and 2.81 Å, respectively, exhibiting intermetallic interactions, which can enhance the stability of [Ag6] conformations. In addition, the π···π interactions between parallel pyrazine rings could impose on the building and the Ag···Ag interactions of these Ag–S clusters.
Catholics in Britain and Ireland, 1558-1829
Authors: Mullett Michael 
Published: October 2015

In this new study, Michael Mullett examines the social, political and religious development of Catholic communities in England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland from the Reformation to the arrival of toleration in the nineteenth century. The story is a sequence from active persecution, through unofficial tolerance, to legal recognition. Dr Mullett brings together original research with the new insights of specialist monographs and articles over recent years and provides indispensable information on how Britain's and particularly Ireland's, present religious situation has evolved.
The book also offers a timely updated review of the role religion has played in the emergence of collective identities in Britain and Ireland between 1558-1829. Controversial and shaking some long-held assumptions, the book is strongly argued on the basis of extensive research and a review of the existing literature.
Tyrosol Attenuates High Fat Diet‐Induced Hepatic Oxidative Stress: Potential Involvement of Cystathionine β‐Synthase and Cystathionine γ‐Lyase
Authors: Sarna Lindsei K. , Sid Victoria , Wang Pengqi , Siow Yaw L. , House James D. , O Karmin 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe Mediterranean diet is known for its cardioprotective effects. Recently, its protective qualities have also been reported in patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Oxidative stress is one of the important factors responsible for the development and progression of NAFLD. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a multifaceted gasotransmitter, has emerged as a potential therapeutic target in NAFLD. Cystathionine β‐synthase (CBS) and cystathionine γ‐lyase (CSE) are major enzymes responsible for endogenous H2S synthesis. Since oxidative stress contributes to NAFLD pathogenesis, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of tyrosol, a major compound in olive oil and white wine, on high fat diet‐induced hepatic oxidative stress and the mechanisms involved. Mice (C57BL/6) were fed for 5 weeks with a control diet (10 % kcal fat), a high fat diet (60 % kcal fat, HFD) or a HFD supplemented with tyrosol. High fat diet feeding induced hepatic oxidative stress, as indicated by the significant increase in lipid peroxidation and NADPH oxidase activity. Tyrosol supplementation significantly increased hepatic CBS and CSE expression and H2S synthesis in high fat diet‐fed mice. Such effects were associated with the attenuation of high fat diet‐induced hepatic lipid peroxidation and the restoration of the redox equilibrium of the antioxidant glutathione. Tyrosol also inhibited palmitic acid‐induced oxidative stress in hepatocytes (HepG2 cells). These results suggest that the antioxidant properties of tyrosol may be mediated through functional changes in CBS and CSE activity, which might contribute to the hepatoprotective effect of the Mediterranean diet.
Time to treatment predicts seizure outcome in a high-treatment gap epilepsy population
Authors: Fawale Michael , Owolabi Mayowa , Mustapha Adekunle , Komolafe Morenikeji , Adesola Ogunniyi 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Objectives To investigate the relationship between time to antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment (TTT) and seizure outcome in a high treatment gap sub-Sahara African setting.
Methods Clinical and demographic characteristics of 72 adults with epilepsy aged 18–75 years were obtained. We estimated TTT as the difference between the duration of epilepsy and the duration of treatment. Indices of clinical outcome including seizure severity and 6-month disease remission were documented. The effects of TTT and other clinical and demographic characteristics on clinical outcomes were tested using bivariate and logistic regression analyses.
Results Forty (55.6%) of the participants initiated treatment within 5 years of seizure onset (TTT ≤ 5 years) while 32 (44.4%) initiated treatment after 5 years (TTT > 5 years). There was moderate to strong correlation between TTT and age of onset (p = .009), age at treatment initiation (p = .026), duration of epilepsy (p = .000), and seizure severity (p = .020). The TTT > 5 years group had an earlier mean age of onset (p = .015) and higher seizure severity score (p = .001) and were less likely to be in 6-month disease remission (p = .014). Time to treatment ≤5 years was the only independent predictor of lesser seizure severity (OR = 0.163, 95% CI = 0.041–0.649) and better 6-month remission (OR = 0.154, 95% CI = 0.031–0.770) after adjusting for age of onset, duration of epilepsy, and number of AEDs.
Conclusion Delayed treatment initiation is common in our sample and independently associated with poor seizure outcome.
Left cardiac sympathetic denervation: An important treatment option for patients with hereditary ventricular arrhythmias
Authors: Cho Yongkeun 
Published: October 2015

AbstractMedications such as ß‐blockers are currently the primary treatment for patients with hereditary arrhythmia syndromes such as long QT syndrome (LQTS) and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT). However, these drugs are ineffective in some patients, and the other treatment option, that is implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implantation, is associated with significant complications in young and active patients. Left cardiac sympathetic denervation (LCSD) may reduce the wide gap between life‐long ß‐blocker medication and ICD implantation. Although LCSD is highly effective in prevention of cardiac events in patients with LQTS and CPVT, it is rarely used. The recently introduced procedure video‐assisted thoracoscopic LCSD is associated with short hospital stays and low morbidity. Thus, LCSD is an important therapeutic option for patients with LQTS and CPVT.
Measurement of diffuse ventricular fibrosis with myocardial T1 in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Montgomery Jay A. , Abdallah Wissam , Yoneda Zachary T. , Brittain Evan , Aznaurov Sam G. , Parvez Babar , Adkins Keith , Whalen S. Patrick , Estrada J.C. , Shen Sharon , Crossley George H. , Kanagasundram Arvindh , Saavedra Pablo , Ellis Christopher R. , Lawson Mark , Darbar Dawood , Shoemaker M. Benjamin 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with cardiac fibrosis, which can now be measured noninvasively using T1‐mapping with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI). This study aimed to assess the impact of AF on ventricular T1 at the time of CMRI.MethodsSubjects with AF scheduled for AF ablation underwent CMRI with standard electrocardiography gating and breath‐hold protocols on a 1.5 T scanner with post‐contrast ventricular T1 recorded from 6 regions of interest at the mid‐ventricle. Baseline demographic, clinical, and imaging characteristics were examined using univariate and multivariable linear regression modeling for an association with myocardial T1.ResultsOne hundred fifty‐seven patients were studied (32% women; median age, 61 years [interquartile range {IQR}, 55–67], 50% persistent AF [episodes>7 days or requiring electrical or pharmacologic cardioversion], 30% in AF at the time of the CMRI). The median global T1 was 404 ms (IQR, 381–428). AF at the time of CMRI was associated with a 4.4% shorter T1 (p=0.000) compared to sinus rhythm when adjusted for age, sex, persistent AF, body mass index, congestive heart failure, and renal dysfunction (estimated glomerular filtration rate<60). A post‐hoc multivariate model adjusted for heart rate suggested that heart rate elevation (p=0.009) contributes to the reduction in T1 observed in patients with AF at the time of CMRI. No association between ventricular T1 and AF recurrence after ablation was demonstrated.ConclusionAF at the time of CMRI was associated with lower post‐contrast ventricular T1 compared with sinus rhythm. This effect was at least partly due to elevated heart rate. T1 was not associated with the recurrence of AF after ablation.
Organisational analytical capacity: Policy evaluation in Belgium
Authors: Pattyn Vale´rie , Brans Marleen 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Checklists for evaluation capacity builders include a wide range of building blocks for supporting evaluation activity. Yet, the relative importance of each building block is not clear. The purpose of this article is to identify the capacity related factors that are necessary, but not necessarily sufficient, for organisations that wish to institutionalise high quality policy evaluations. To retrieve these factors, we rely on the necessity function in qualitative comparative analysis. We present a study of twenty-seven organisations of the Flemish public sector (Belgium), in which the introduction of policy evaluations is relatively recent. Our case analysis thus sheds an interesting light upon how policy evaluation, and the underlying capacity to evaluate is given shape. Our findings point at evaluation demand as the most necessary prerequisite for fostering evaluation activity, more so than supply related factors.
Una breve introducción a los modelos de clases jerárquicas (HICLAS)
Authors: Leenen Iwin 
Published: October 2015

En este artículo, se presenta una introducción no técnica a la familia de modelos de clases jerárquicas (HICLAS, abreviados por sus siglas en inglés). El modelo HICLAS original, propuesto por De Boeck y Rosenberg en 1988, permite analizar una matriz de datos binarios; es decir, analiza una tabla con valores de 0 o 1. Contrario a otros métodos de clasificación, HICLAS proporciona como resultado del análisis (a) dos clasificaciones jerárquicas, una de los «objetos» (las filas de la tabla) y otra de los «atributos» (las columnas), y (b) una asociación de dichas clasificaciones a partir de la cual se puede pronosticar (o reconstruir) el valor en cada celda de la tabla. Se ilustran los beneficios de los modelos HICLAS con ejemplos en el ámbito de la educación médica, explicando los diversos pasos en la aplicación de este método y con especial énfasis en la interpretación de los resultados.
Gravity currents: entrainment, stratification and self-similarity
Authors: Sher Diana , Woods Andrew W. 
Published: October 2015

We present new experiments of the motion of a turbulent gravity current produced by the rapid release of a finite volume of dense aqueous solution from a lock of length $L$ into a channel $x>0$ filled with a finite depth, $H$, of fresh water. Using light attenuation we measure the mixing and evolving density of the flow, and, using dye studies, we follow the motion of the current and the ambient fluid. After the fluid has slumped to the base of the tank, there are two phases of the flow. When the front of the current, $x_{n}$, is within the region $2L<x_{n}<7L$, the fluid in the head of the current retains its original density and the flow travels with a constant speed. We find that approximately $0.75(\pm 0.05)$ of the ambient fluid displaced by the head mixes with the fluid in the head. The mixture rises over the head and feeds a growing stratified tail region of the flow. Dye studies show that fluid with the original density continues to reach the front of the current, at a speed which we estimate to be approximately $1.35\pm 0.05$ times that of the front, consistent with data of Berson (Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., vol. 84, 1958, pp. 1–16) and Kneller et al. (J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, vol. 104, 1999, pp. 5281–5291). This speed is similar to that of the ‘bore’, the trailing edge of the original lock gate fluid, as described by Rottman & Simpson (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 135, 1983, pp. 95–110). The continual mixing at the front leads to a gradual decrease of the mass of unmixed original lock gate fluid. Eventually, when the nose extends beyond $x_{n}\approx 7L$, the majority of the lock gate fluid has been diluted through the mixing. As the current continues, it adjusts to a second regime in which the position of the head increases with time as $x_{n}\approx 1.7B^{1/3}t^{2/3}$, where $B$ is the total buoyancy of the flow per unit width across the channel, while the depth-averaged reduced gravity in the head decreases through mixing with the ambient fluid according to the relation $g_{n}^{\prime }\approx 4.6H^{-1}B^{2/3}t^{-2/3}$. Measurements also show that the depth of the head $h_{n}(t)$ is approximately constant, $h_{n}\sim 0.38H$, and the reduced gravity decreases with height above the base of the current and with distance behind the front of the flow. Using the depth-averaged shallow-water equations, we derive a new class of self-similar solution which models the lateral structure of the flow by assuming the ambient fluid is entrained into the current in the head of the flow. By comparison with our data, we estimate that a fraction $0.69\pm 0.06$ of the ambient fluid displaced by the head of the current is mixed into the flow in this approximately self-similar regime, and the front of the current has a Froude number $0.9\pm 0.05$. We discuss the implications of our results for the evolution of the buoyancy in a gravity current as a function of the distance from the source.
Inferring skeletal production from time-averaged assemblages: skeletal loss pulls the timing of production pulses towards the modern period
Authors: Tomašových Adam , Kidwell Susan M. , Barber Rina Foygel 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAge-frequency distributions of dead skeletal material on the landscape or seabed—information on the time that has elapsed since the death of individuals—provide decadal- to millennial-scale perspectives both on the history of production and on the processes that lead to skeletal disintegration and burial. So far, however, models quantifying the dynamics of skeletal loss have assumed that skeletal production is constant during time-averaged accumulation. Here, to improve inferences in conservation paleobiology and historical ecology, we evaluate the joint effects of temporally variable production and skeletal loss on postmortem age-frequency distributions (AFDs) to determine how to detect fluctuations in production over the recent past from AFDs. We show that, relative to the true timing of past production pulses, the modes of AFDs will be shifted to younger age cohorts, causing the true age of past pulses to be underestimated. This shift in the apparent timing of a past pulse in production will be stronger where loss rates are high and/or the rate of decline in production is slow; also, a single pulse coupled with a declining loss rate can, under some circumstances, generate a bimodal distribution. We apply these models to death assemblages of the bivalveNuculana taphriafrom the Southern California continental shelf, finding that: (1) an onshore-offshore gradient in time averaging is dominated by a gradient in the timing of production, reflecting the tracking of shallow-water habitats under a sea-level rise, rather than by a gradient in disintegration and sequestration rates, which remain constant with water depth; and (2) loss-corrected model-based estimates of the timing of past production are in good agreement with likely past changes in local production based on an independent sea-level curve.