bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the carbohydrate content in apples and carrots grown in organic and integrated farming systems
Authors: Kouřimská Lenka , Kubaschová Kateřina , Sus Josef , Nový Pavel , Dvořáková Blanka , Koudela Martin 
Published: June 2014

The aim of this study was to compare some quality parameters of apples and carrots from organic and integrated farming systems. In addition, the cultivars of carrots were grown in two plant densities (600 or 900 thousand plants per hectare). The fructose, glucose, saccharose and dry matter content of seven apple cultivars (Florina, Zvonkové, Topaz, Šampion, Ontario, Melrose and Idared) and two carrot cultivars (Afalon F1 and Cortina F1) were analysed by HPLC and gravimetric methods, respectively. Significant differences were found between organic and integrated apple samples. The interactions between cultivars and farming methods were also significant (p <0.0001). The dry matter and sugar level tendencies were not the same for all apple cultivars. Conversely, more consistent data were obtained for the two carrot cultivars. The bio carrots of both cultivars showed significantly lower dry matter content (p = 0.0004) and higher carbohydrate content (pfructose = 0.0303, pglucose = 0.0003, psucrose = 0.0083) than the samples from integrated production. Other factors like cultivar and plant density also played an important role in sugar content in carrots. Different densities of plants significantly affected the glucose content (p = 0.0373). Cultivar Aftalon F1 showed higher concentration of monosaccharides compared to Cortina F1 (pfructose = 0.0001 and pglucose <0.0001).
Effect of bee pollen extract as a supplemental diet on broilers´s ross 308 breast and thigh meat muscles fatty acids
Authors: Haščí­k Peter , Elimam Ibrahim , Garlí­k Jozef , Bobko Marek , Tkáčová Jana , Kačániová Miroslava 
Published: June 2014

The present study was aimed to study the effect of the bee pollen extract on the broiler Ross 308 breast and thigh meat fatty acids. The experiment enrolled 90 chicks in one day old, which were divided into 3 groups (control, E1 and E2). The broiler has been bred in a cage condition for 42 days. To the experimental groups were added bee pollen extract in the amount (400, 800 mg.kg-1). The chickens have been bred in a cage conditions, each cage was equipped with feed dispenser and water intake was ensured ad libitum through a self feed-pump. The temperature was controlled during the fattening period and it was 33 °C at the first day and every week was reduced about 2 °C the end temperature was 23 °C. At the end of the experiment the fatty acids have beenevaluatedby using Agilent 7890A Gas Chromatograph apparatus (USA). The findings have been shown that the myristoleic acid, linoleic acid, linoelaidic acid, arachidonic acid, and archaic acid were decreased after using the bee pollen into broiler feed mixture otherwise, the bee pollen has been increased the polemic acids and oleic acid and there were found no significant differences (P ≥0.05) among all the experimental groups.From the recent experiment, we conclude that bee pollen extract has decreasedthe fattyacids except palmitoleic acid acid and oleic acid, whichwere higher compared to control groupand there were no significant differences (P ≥0.05) between experimental groups.
Mycobiota of spices and aromatic herbs
Authors: Tančinová Dana , Mokrý Michal , Barboráková Zuzana , Mašková Zuzana 
Published: June 2014

A total of 67 samples of spices and herbs were tested for mould contamination. From 50.7% of samples, moulds were not isolated. The most dominant genera were Aspergillus and Penicillium. Potential producers of mycotoxins Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. were tested for the ability to produce some mycotoxins. Isolates of potentially toxinogenic species were found to produce various mycotoxins, namely alfatoxin B1 (Aspergillus flavus), cyclopiazonic acid (Aspergillus flavus), sterigmatocystin (Emericella nidulans), roquefortine C (Penicillium allii, P. chrysogenum, P. crustosum, P. expansum), penitrem A (P. crustosum) and patulin (P. expansum). Some of the tested isolates produce two mycotoxins: A. flavus (aflatoxin B1 and cyclopiazonic acid), P. crustosum (roquefortine C and patulin) and P. expansum (roquefortine C and patulin). None of the tested isolates of Aspergillus section Nigri screened, appeared to produce ochratoxin A. Totally 11 samples were analysed for the presence of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A. Aflatoxin B1 was found in 5 (45.5%) out of 11 samples analysed with levels ranging from 0.14 to 2.9 µg.kg-1. In one sample we detected aflatoxin G1. Ochratoxin A was found in 3 samples (27.3%), with levels ranging from 2.2 to 5.19 µg.kg-1. No sample was contaminated by aflatoxins or ochratoxin A above the maximum admitted threshold established by the European legislation.
Associations of objectively and subjectively measured physical activity with trabecular and cortical bone properties in prepubertal children
Authors: Meiring Rebecca Mary , McVeigh Joanne Alexandra 
Published: June 2014

Objectives. To compare the relationship between peak bone strain scores (PBSSs) calculated from physical activity (PA) questionnaires and accelerometry measures of PA with trabecular and cortical bone properties in prepubertal children.Methods. We compared PBSSs calculated from the bone-specific component of PA questionnaires with accelerometry and bone mass measures in 38 prepubertal children (mean 9.9 (standard deviation 1.3) years). Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) were used to assess bone content and structure, and to estimate bone strength at the radial and tibial diaphysis and radial metaphysis. Results. The PBSS was reliable and reproducible with significant (p<0.001) intraclass correlation coefficients. There were significant correlations between PBSS and moderate (r=0.38; p=0.02), vigorous (r=0.36; p=0.03) and combined moderate- to vigorous-intensity activity counts (r=0.38; p=0.02). PBSS was significantly correlated to body size-adjusted bone mineral content at all sites scanned by DXA (r=0.33 - 0.48; p<0.05). Positive correlations were observed between PBSS and area, density and strength at the radius and tibia (r=0.40 - 0.64; p<0.05). Only vigorous activity was correlated to cortical area at the radial diaphysis (r=0.37; p=0.03) and bone strength at the tibial diaphysis (r=0.32; p=0.05). Activity as assessed by the PBSS explained a greater amount of variance in bone variables as measured by DXA and pQCT than accelerometer-measured PA. Conclusion. Accelerometer-measured moderate and vigorous habitual PA is associated with indices of cortical bone size and geometry in children, whereas light PA has no detectable association. Furthermore, the bone-specific questionnaire appears to be more strongly associated with bone outcomes than accelerometer-derived measures of PA.
Obesity in 7 - 10-year-old children in urban primary schools in Port Elizabeth
Authors: McKersie Joanna , Baard Maryna Louise 
Published: June 2014

Objective. The primary aim of this study was to quantify the prevalence of overweight and obesity among urban 7 - 10-year-old children in affluent (quintile 5) English-medium primary schools in Port Elizabeth.Method. A quantitative, descriptive one-way cross-sectional research design utilising random sampling was used. A once-off survey consisted of anthropometrical assessment of body mass index (BMI) according to standardised procedures. To classify children into weight categories, the International Obesity Task Force z-score BMI cut-off criteria were used. Post-hoc analysis consisted of one-way analysis of variance and χ2 tests. Level of significance was set at p<0.05. A total of 713 children participated in the study.Results. Overweight prevalence was 20.9% (n=149) and obesity prevalence was 9.8% (n=70). A significant interaction was found for overweight and obesity levels by gender and age (F=7.2, p=0.01). Of the boys (N=372) 18.5% (n=69) were overweight and 6.9% (n=26) were obese. The girls (N=341) had a 23.5% (n=80) overweight rate and 12,9% (n=44) were obese. The highest prevalence of overweight (24.7%, n=43, N=174) was found in children aged 10, and the highest prevalence of obesity (12.5%, n=21, N=167) was found in children aged 8. Conclusion. Results highlighted the rising prevalence of overweight and obesity among urban children from economically privileged settings. Future research into paediatric obesity is needed to curb the growing incidence.
Les transferts linguistiques chez les adultes allophones de la région métropolitaine de Montréal : une approche longitudinale
Authors: Corbeil Jean-Pierre , Houle René 
Published: June 2014

Cet article utilise une approche longitudinale pour étudier les transferts linguistiques vers le français et vers l’anglais des personnes de langue maternelle tierce (allophones) vivant dans la région métropolitaine de recensement de Montréal. L’analyse porte sur des données recueillies dans le cadre de l’Enquête sur la vitalité des minorités de langue officielle (EVMLO) menée par Statistique Canada à l’automne 2006, peu après le recensement. Cette enquête a permis de recueillir de l’information rétrospective sur le moment (l’âge) et le lieu (au Canada, hors du Canada) où a eu lieu l’adoption du français ou de l’anglais comme principale langue d’usage à la maison. Les transferts linguistiques sont analysés pour deux sous-groupes : les allophones nés au Canada et ceux ayant immigré au Canada. Nous examinons les taux de transferts selon quelques variables de base comme l’âge, la durée de résidence au Canada et le temps (période). Cet article montre que le moment, l’intensité et la direction (vers le français ou l’anglais) des taux de transferts varient de façon notable entre ces deux groupes.
Les origines régionales ancestrales au Québec
Authors: Tremblay Marc 
Published: June 2014

Cette étude présente une mesure de l’enracinement territorial et de la diversité des origines régionales ancestrales dans la population du Québec. Les données proviennent d’un ensemble de 5 100 généalogies ascendantes, soit 300 généalogies pour chacune des 17 régions de la province. Ces généalogies ont été construites à l’aide des données du fichier BALSAC, qui contient des informations sur la population québécoise remontant au début du 17e siècle. L’observation des lieux de mariage des ancêtres a permis d’établir une mesure de l’ancienneté régionale des individus, qui s’exprime en nombre de générations. La part occupée par chaque région dans l’ensemble des lieux de mariages des ancêtres a fourni une mesure de la diversité des origines ancestrales individuelles. Les résultats ont montré une variabilité importante dans les profondeurs et les origines régionales ancestrales. Les profondeurs moyennes varient de moins d’une génération à plus de cinq générations d’ancêtres mariés dans la même région. Les contributions régionales ont fait ressortir l’importance de la proximité géographique, mais aussi celle de l’ancienneté des zones de peuplement. Ces résultats tracent un portrait de la migration interrégionale intergénérationnelle résultante au Québec depuis le 17e siècle.
Stories of Learning across the Lifespan: Life History and Biographical Research in Adult Education
Authors: Gouthro Patricia 
Published: June 2014

Life history or biographical approaches to research in lifelong learning may be particularly useful for researchers working from a social purpose and/or feminist perspective. Adult educators working from an emancipatory framework are often curious about factors that shape people's lives, both from an individualistic, biographical perspective and from a broader social-cultural framework. Through life history and biographical research they can gain insights into what motivates people to engage in adult learning for social and personal change. Looking at examples taken both from the literature and from four different research studies that the author has engaged in during recent years, some of the benefits, challenges, and possibilities for life history/biographical research are explored in this paper. Both practical aspects, such as how to recruit participants, and more philosophical/methodological concerns such as the importance of recognising how participants use narrative as a means to explore meaning making around their own identity and life course are explored in the discussion. In conclusion, the paper argues that new technologies and emerging forms of artistic representation in life history and biographical research offer opportunities for both educators and participants, as well as other audiences, to explore adult learning experiences connected to social justice.
Estimating snow microphysical properties using collocated multisensor observations
Authors: Wood Norman B. , L'Ecuyer Tristan S. , Heymsfield Andrew J. , Stephens Graeme L. , Hudak David R. , Rodriguez Peter 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe ability of ground‐based in situ and remote sensing observations to constrain microphysical properties for dry snow is examined using a Bayesian optimal estimation retrieval method. Power functions describing the variation of mass and horizontally projected area with particle size and a parameter related to particle shape are retrieved from near‐Rayleigh radar reflectivity, particle size distribution, snowfall rate, and size‐resolved particle fall speeds. Algorithm performance is explored in the context of instruments deployed during the Canadian CloudSat CALIPSO Validation Project, but the algorithm is adaptable to other similar combinations of sensors. Critical estimates of observational and forward model uncertainties are developed and used to quantify the performance of the method using synthetic cases developed from actual observations of snow events. In addition to illustrating the technique, the results demonstrate that this combination of sensors provides useful constraints on the mass parameters and on the coefficient of the area power function but only weakly constrains the exponent of the area power function and the shape parameter. Information content metrics show that about two independent quantities are measured by the suite of observations and that the method is able to resolve about eight distinct realizations of the state vector containing the mass and area power function parameters. Alternate assumptions about observational and forward model uncertainties reveal that improved modeling of particle fall speeds could contribute substantial improvements to the performance of the method.
Measurements of lattice thermal conductivity of MgO to core‐mantle boundary pressures
Authors: Imada Saori , Ohta Kenji , Yagi Takashi , Hirose Kei , Yoshida Hideto , Nagahara Hiroko 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe pressure response of lattice thermal conduction in MgO periclase has been a matter of interest for many decades to estimate the thermal conductivity profile of the lower mantle. Using the pulsed light heating thermoreflectance technique, we measured the lattice thermal diffusivity of MgO at pressures up to 137 GPa at 300 K to determine its lattice thermal conductivity under deep lower mantle conditions. Considering the temperature effect estimated by previous high‐temperature measurements, we calculated the lattice part of the thermal conductivity of MgO to be 17.9 ± 1.1 W/m/K at 135 GPa and 3600 K. Additionally, we observed that the lattice conductivity of MgO has little dependence on its grain size under core‐mantle boundary conditions.
Hypervalent Iodine(III)‐Mediated Oxidative Dearomatizing Cyclization of Arylamines
Authors: Jin Cong‐Yang , Du Ji‐Yuan , Zeng Chao , Zhao Xian‐He , Cao Ye‐Xing , Zhang Xiang‐Zhi , Lu Xin‐Yun , Fan Chun‐An 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAn oxidative dearomatizing cyclization of arylamines promoted by iodobenzene bis(trifluoroacetate) [PhI(CF3CO2)2] has been explored, leading to a novel synthetic approach to functionalized spirocyclic building blocks containing the structurally unique dieniminium moiety. This unprecedented methodology, featuring oxidative dearomatization and carbon‐carbon bond‐forming cyclization, to some extent, not only expands the synthetic potential of hypervalent iodine chemistry, but also enriches the oxidation chemistry of arylamines.magnified image
Economic Performance and the Crisis: Strategies Adopted by the Wineries of Castilla‐La Mancha (Spain)
Authors: Simon‐Elorz K. , Castillo‐Valero J.S. , Garcia‐Cortijo M.C. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTThis article aims to study the strategies and the possibilities for competition of Castilla‐La‐Mancha wineries during the period 2004–2010. Therefore a model was defined which analyzes the impact that environmental variables such as age and size have had on economic performance, compared to marketing and management strategies adopted by the wineries. Finally, the impact is analyzed that successive reforms of the wine CMO and the economic crisis have had on the results in Castilla‐La Mancha (CLM, Spain) wineries. [EconLit citations: L25; L66; Q13].
Price Risk and Exporter Competition in China's Soybean Market
Authors: Muhammad Andrew 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTAn import allocation model is used to examine the effects of price risk (variance of prices) on exporter competition in China's soybean market. Price risk is an important determinant of China's soybean imports across sources (Argentina, Brazil, and the United States), even when accounting for other factors. Results indicate that Argentina is the only country affected by own‐price risk in the Chinese market; imports decline by 1.11% for every percentage increase price risk. The estimated risk premium for soybeans from Argentina is 0.44, indicating that if price risk increases by 1%, prices would have to fall by 0.44% for imports to remain unchanged. Price risk in Argentina has a positive effect on China's imports from the United States. Price risk in Brazil has a positive effect on imports from Argentina, but a negative effect on imports from the United States. [EconLit citations: D81, F14, Q11, Q17].
One‐Step Synthesis of Collagen Hybrid Gold Nanoparticles and Formation on Egyptian‐like Gold‐Plated Archaeological Ivory
Authors: Spadavecchia Jolanda , Apchain Emilande , Albéric Marie , Fontan Elisabeth , Reiche Ina 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA one‐step method is reported to synthesize hybrid gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) by reduction of HAuCl4 in acetic solution in the presence of collagen (Col), dicarboxylic acid‐terminated polyethylene glycol (PEG), and cetyltetrammonium bromide (CTAB) mixed with hydoxyapatite (HAP) as surfactants. Such formation process of AuNPs was shown to be responsible for purple stains naturally formed on Egyptianizing archaeological gilded ivories from 8th BC Syria. The understanding of this formation mechanism, which most likely involves a step with hybrid AuNPs, allows the establishing of an authenticity marker of ancient gold‐plated ivories.
Bio‐plastics and elastomers from polylactic acid/thermoplastic polyurethane blends
Authors: Jašo Vladislav , Cvetinov Miroslav , Rakić Srđan , Petrović Zoran S. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTBlends of two biocompatible polymers: thermoplastic polyester‐urethane (TPU) and polylactic acid (PLA) were studied. The effect of the blending ratio on blend morphology and properties was examined by running a series of blends from 10 to 80 wt % of PLA. Increasing TPU concentration in the blends lowered the glass transition and melting point of PLA indicating that the components were compatible and partially miscible. The blends with 10–40 wt % PLA are hard, reinforced elastomers, while those with 60–80 wt % PLA are tough plastics. Cocontinuous morphology was suggested in samples with 40 and 50 wt % PLA. Inversion points between 30 and 40 wt % PLA (from globular phase is dispersed in the matrix to a cocontinuous morphology) and between 50 and 60 wt % PLA (a transition from cocontinuous to TPU dispersed in the PLA matrix) were observed. Elastomers with higher PLA content and intermediate morphology displayed a combination of high tensile strength, hardness, relatively high elongation and modulus. New materials have potential applications in the medical field. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 41104.
Relative Performance of Commonly Used Physical Function Questionnaires in Rheumatoid Arthritis and a Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Computerized Adaptive Test
Authors: Oude Voshaar Martijn A. H. , ten Klooster Peter M. , Glas Cees A. W. , Vonkeman Harald E. , Krishnan Eswar , van de Laar Mart A. F. J. 
Published: June 2014

ObjectiveTo evaluate and compare the measurement precision and sensitivity to change of the Health Assessment Questionnaire disability index (HAQ DI), the Short Form 36 physical functioning scale (PF‐10), and simulated Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) physical function computer adaptive tests (CATs) with 5, 10, and 15 items, using item response theory–based simulation studies.MethodsThe measurement precision of the various physical function instruments was evaluated by calculating root mean square errors (RMSEs) between true physical function levels (latent physical function score) and estimated physical function levels. Measurement precision was evaluated at 9 levels of physical function, with 5,000 simulated response patterns per level. Sensitivity to change was evaluated by the ability of a simple statistical test to detect simulated change scores of small to moderate magnitude (standardized effect sizes 0.20, 0.35, and 0.50).ResultsRMSEs were smaller for the PROMIS physical function 15‐item CAT (CAT‐15) and CAT‐10 than for the HAQ DI and PF‐10 across all levels of the latent physical function scale. Only marginal improvement in performance was observed for the CAT‐15 compared with the CAT‐10, and the CAT‐5 performed quite similarly to the HAQ DI and PF‐10 across most levels of the latent physical function scale. Substantially improved sensitivity to change was observed for the CAT‐10 compared with the HAQ DI and PF‐10, particularly in detecting moderate effect sizes.ConclusionClearly higher measurement precision was observed for the PROMIS CAT compared with the HAQ DI and PF‐10. Higher reliability also translated into lower sample size requirements for detecting changes in clinical status.
Cell sheet engineering for regenerative medicine: Current challenges and strategies
Authors: Owaki Toshiyuki , Shimizu Tatsuya , Yamato Masayuki , Okano Teruo 
Published: June 2014

AbstractSubstantial progress made in the areas of stem cell research and regenerative medicine has provided a number of innovative methods to repair or regenerate defective tissues and organs. Although previous studies regarding regenerative medicine, especially those involving induced pluripotent stem cells, have been actively promoted in the past decade, there remain some challenges that need to be addressed in order to enable clinical applications. Designed for use in clinical applications, cell sheet engineering has been developed as a unique, scaffold‐free method of cell processing utilizing temperature‐responsive cell culture vessels. Clinical studies using cell sheets have shown positive outcomes and will be translated into clinical practice in the near future. However, several challenges stand in the way of the industrialization of cell sheet products and the widespread acceptance of regenerative medicine based on cell sheet engineering. This review describes current strategies geared towards the realization of the regenerative medicine approach.