bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Preserving the Hepatic Vagal Nerve During Laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication on Postoperative Biliary Functions
Authors: Ozdogan Mehmet , Kuvvetli Adnan , Das Koray , Oruc Cem , Karateke Faruk , Aydin Metin , Pekcici Mevlut Recep , Akova Atilla , Gulsur Tamer , Farsidfar Derya 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackgroundCutting the hepatic branch of the anterior vagus nerve (HB‐AVn) technically facilitates the laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of preserving or sacrificing this branch on postoperative gallbladder functions.MethodsThe patients (n = 40) were prospectively randomized into two groups. The HB‐AVn was preserved during the dissection of the lesser omentum in the first group. The nerve was cut in the second group. Postoperative fasting gallbladder volumes were calculated by ultrasonography. Postoperative gallbladder ejection fraction (GEF) and gallbladder emptying time (GET) were determined by calculating intestinal transit time scintigraphically.ResultsFasting gallbladder volumes and GEF values were not different between the groups. On the other hand, in patients with HB‐AVn preserved, GET measurements were found to be significantly shorter than those with HB‐AVn sacrificed.ConclusionsSacrificing the hepatic branch causes prolongation in the GET. This change in the motor functions of the gallbladder does not cause any symptomatic effect during the early postoperative period. However, the delay in the GET may increase the risk of gallbladder stone formation in the long term.
No Surgery for Full‐Thickness Rectal Prolapse: What Happens with Continence?
Authors: Cunin Diane , Siproudhis Laurent , Desfourneaux Véronique , Berkelmans Isabelle , Meunier Bernard , Bretagne Jean‐François , Bouguen Guillaume 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackgroundSurgery is the only validated means of treating overt rectal prolapses, but both patients and physicians may decline or postpone the surgical approach. However, little is known on the functional outcome of nonoperated rectal prolapse. The aim of the present study was to highlight the natural history of overt rectal prolapse in patients for whom surgery was avoided or delayed.Patients and methodsA total of 206 patients complaining of full‐thickness rectal prolapse were referred to a single institution that provided anorectal physiology for functional anorectal disorders. Standardized questionnaires, anorectal manometry, endosonography, and evacuation proctography constituted a prospective database. Fecal incontinence was evaluated with the Cleveland Clinic score (CCIS), and constipation was evaluated with the Knowles Eccersley Scott Symptom score (KESS).ResultsForty‐two nonoperated patients (mean age: 61 ± 16 years) were compared to those of operated patients paired according to age and gender: the mean follow‐up was 44 ± 26 months. The two groups had a similar past‐history, follow‐up, stool frequency, and main complaints, but lower quantified symptomatic scores and a better quality of life were reported in the nonsurgical group. At the end of follow‐up, the nonsurgical group did not show any variation in CCI and KESS scores. By contrast, these two scores significantly improved in the rectopexy group. Sixteen nonoperated patients experienced a degradation of their continence status with an average increase of 5 ± 4.3 points of the CCIS. The patients with a CCIS <7 at referral were likely to deteriorate as compared to those having a higher score. Patients with a symptom history longer than 4 years never improved and in two‐thirds continence deteriorated throughout the follow‐up.ConclusionIn the absence of the surgical option, patients with a 4‐year duration of rectal prolapse and those with mild incontinence had no chance of improvement. These findings may be taken into account when surgery of rectal prolapse is not chosen.
Integration or Fragmentation? Racial Diversity and the American Future
Authors: Lichter Daniel T. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractOver the next generation or two, America’s older, largely white population will increasingly be replaced by today’s disproportionately poor minority children. All future growth will come from populations other than non-Hispanic whites as America moves toward a majority-minority society by 2043. This so-called Third Demographic Transition raises important implications about changing racial boundaries in the United States, that is, about the physical, economic, and sociocultural barriers that separate different racial and ethnic groups. America’s racial transformation may place upward demographic pressure on future poverty and inequality as today’s disproportionately poor and minority children grow into adult roles. Racial boundaries will be reshaped by the changing meaning of race and ethnicity, shifting patterns of racial segregation in neighborhoods and the workplace, newly integrating (or not) friendship networks, and changing rates of interracial marriage and childbearing. The empirical literature provides complicated lessons and offers few guarantees that growing racial diversity will lead to a corresponding breakdown in racial boundaries—that whites and minorities will increasingly share the same physical and social spaces or interact as coequals. How America’s older population of elected officials and taxpayers responds today to America’s increasingly diverse population will provide a window to the future, when today’s children successfully transition (or not) into productive adult roles. Racial and ethnic inclusion will be reshaped by changing ethnoracial inequality, which highlights the need to invest in children—now.
Developing Effective Drills in Preparation for a Malignant Hyperthermia Crisis
Authors: Hirshey Dirksen Sharon J. , Van Wicklin Sharon A. , Mashman Darlene LeDrut , Neiderer Pam , Merritt Debra Rose 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA malignant hyperthermia (MH) crisis is a medical emergency. To give the patient the best possible chance for a successful outcome, a swift, coordinated, multidisciplinary team response is necessary. Malignant hyperthermia occurs infrequently and, as such, details about its diagnosis, treatment, and management must be reviewed and reinforced during periodic education sessions. An MH response plan should be developed to guide a multidisciplinary team during an MH crisis. This plan should be tailored to the needs of the individual health care organization and practiced and refined during periodic simulations of MH episodes, such as MH mock drills.
Effect of Preoperative Forced‐Air Warming on Postoperative Temperature and Postanesthesia Care Unit Length of Stay
Authors: Fettes Sondra , Mulvaine Mary , Van Doren Elaine 
Published: February 2013

AbstractUnintended hypothermia in the surgical patient has been linked to numerous postoperative complications, including increased risk for surgical site infection, increased oxygen demands, and altered medication metabolism. The lack of literature on the subject was part of the impetus for perioperative nurses in one hospital to conduct a quality improvement project to evaluate the effectiveness of preoperative warming on patients’ postoperative temperatures. We randomly assigned 128 patients to either a group that received a forced‐air warming blanket preoperatively or a group that did not. Our results showed that prewarming patients before surgery did not have an effect on patients’ postoperative temperatures.
The role of wake stiffness on the wake-induced vibration of the downstream cylinder of a tandem pair
Authors: Assi G. R. S. , Bearman P. W. , Carmo B. S. , Meneghini J. R. , Sherwin S. J. , Willden R. H. J. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWhen a pair of tandem cylinders is immersed in a flow the downstream cylinder can be excited into wake-induced vibrations (WIV) due to the interaction with vortices coming from the upstream cylinder. Assi, Bearman & Meneghini (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 661, 2010, pp. 365–401) concluded that the WIV excitation mechanism has its origin in the unsteady vortex–structure interaction encountered by the cylinder as it oscillates across the wake. In the present paper we investigate how the cylinder responds to that excitation, characterising the amplitude and frequency of response and its dependency on other parameters of the system. We introduce the concept ofwake stiffness, a fluid dynamic effect that can be associated, to a first approximation, with a linear spring with stiffness proportional to$\mathit{Re}$and to the steady lift force occurring for staggered cylinders. By a series of experiments with a cylinder mounted on a base without springs we verify that such wake stiffness is not only strong enough to sustain oscillatory motion, but can also dominate over the structural stiffness of the system. We conclude that while unsteady vortex–structure interactions provide the energy input to sustain the vibrations, it is the wake stiffness phenomenon that defines the character of the WIV response.
Shapley Ranking of Wines
Authors: Ginsburgh Victor , Zang Israël 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe suggest a new game-theory-based ranking method for wines, in which the Shapley Value of each wine is computed, and wines are ranked according to their Shapley Values. Judges should find it simpler to use, since they are not required to rank order or grade all the wines, but merely to choose the group of those that they find meritorious. Our ranking method is based on the set of reasonable axioms that determine the Shapley Value as the unique solution of an underlying cooperative game. Unlike in the general case, where computing the Shapley Value could be complex, here the Shapley Value and hence the final ranking, are straightforward to compute. (JEL Classification: C71, D71, D78)
Protective effect of Tuscan black cabbage sprout extract against serum lipid increase and perturbations of liver antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes in rats fed a high-fat diet
Authors: Melega S. , Canistro D. , De Nicola G. R. , Lazzeri L. , Sapone A. , Paolini M. 
Published: February 2013

A diet rich in fat is considered a primary risk factor for CVD, cancer and failures in metabolism and endocrine functions. Hyperlipidaemia generates oxidative stress and weakens antioxidant defences as well as metabolic detoxification systems. Brassicaceae are vegetables rich in glucosinolates and isothiocyanates, affecting enzymatic antioxidant as well as phase II enzymes and conceivably counteracting high-fat diet (HFD)-associated pathologies. The protective role of Tuscan black cabbage (a variety of kale) sprout extract (TBCSE) intake against HFD alterations was here studied. The effects on rat hepatic antioxidant as well as detoxifying enzymes, and serum lipid- and body weight-lowering properties of TBCSE, were investigated. Feeding the animals with a HFD for 21 d increased body as well as liver weights, and induced hyperlipidaemia, as confirmed by a higher serum lipid profilev. control diet. Daily intragastric administration of TBCSE to HFD-fed rats lowered serum total cholesterol, TAG and NEFA. Body and liver weight gains were also reduced. Antioxidant (catalase, NAD(P)H:quinone reductase, oxidised glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase) and phase II (glutathioneS-transferase and uridine diphosphate glucuronosyl transferase) enzymes were down-regulated by the HFD, while the extract restored normal levels in most groups. Generation of toxic intermediates, and membrane fatty acid composition changes by the HFD, might account for the altered hepatic antioxidant and detoxifying enzyme functions. The recovering effects of TBCSE could be attributed to high flavonoid, phenolic and organosulphur compound content, which possess free-radical-scavenging properties, enhance the antioxidant status and stimulate lipid catabolism. TBCSE intake emerges to be an effective alimentary strategy to counteract the perturbations associated with a diet rich in fat.
Erythrocyte membranetrans-fatty acid index is positively associated with a 10-year CHD risk probability
Authors: Liu Xiao-Ru , Deng Ze-Yuan , Hu Jiang-Ning , Fan Ya-Wei , Liu Rong , Li Jing , Peng Jing-Tian , Su Hai , Peng Qiang , Li Wei-Feng 
Published: February 2013

Industry-generatedtrans-fatty acids (TFA) are detrimental to risk of CHD, but ruminant-originated TFA have been reported as neutral or equivocal. Therefore, the total TFA amount should not be the only factor considered when measuring the effects of TFA. In the present study, we addressed whether a version of the TFA index that unifies the effects of different TFA isomers into one equation could be used to reflect CHD risk probability (RP). The present cross-sectional study involved 2713 individuals divided into four groups that represented different pathological severities and potential risks of CHD: acute coronary syndrome (ACS,n581); chronic coronary artery disease (CCAD,n631); high-risk population (HRP,n659); healthy volunteers (HV,n842). A 10-year CHD RP was calculated. Meanwhile, the equation of the TFA index was derived using five TFA isomers (trans-16 : 1n-7,trans-16 : 1n-9,trans-18 : 1n-7,trans-18 : 1n-9 andtrans-18 : 2n-6n-9), which were detected in the whole blood, serum and erythrocyte membranes of each subject. The TFA index and the 10-year CHD RP were compared by linear models. It was shown that only in the erythrocyte membrane, the TFA isomers were significantly different between the groups. In the ACS group, industry-generated TFA (trans-16 : 1n-9,trans-18 : 1n-9 andtrans-18 : 2n-6n-9) were the highest, whereas ruminant-originated TFA (trans-16 : 1n-7 andtrans-18 : 1n-7), which manifested an inverse relationship with CHD, were the lowest, and vice versa in the HV group. The TFA index decreased progressively from 7·12 to 5·06, 3·11 and 1·92 in the ACS, CCAD, HRP and HV groups, respectively. The erythrocyte membrane TFA index was positively associated with the 10-year CHD RP (R20·9981) and manifested a strong linear correlation, which might reflect the true pathological severity of CHD.
MEAN VALUE TYPE INEQUALITIES FOR QUASINEARLY SUBHARMONIC FUNCTIONS
Authors: DOVGOSHEY OLEKSIY , RIIHENTAUS JUHANI 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe mean value inequality is characteristic for upper semi-continuous functions to be subharmonic. Quasinearly subharmonic functions generalise subharmonic functions. We find the necessary and sufficient conditions under which subsets of balls are big enough for the characterisation of non-negative, quasinearly subharmonic functions by mean value inequalities. Similar result is obtained also for generalised mean value inequalities where, instead of balls, we consider arbitrary bounded sets, which have non-void interiors and instead of the volume of ball some functions depending on the radius of this ball.
ℵn-FREE MODULES OVER COMPLETE DISCRETE VALUATION DOMAINS WITH ALMOST TRIVIAL DUAL
Authors: GÖBEL RÜDIGER , SHELAH SAHARON , STRÜNGMANN LUTZ 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA module M over a commutative ring R has an almost trivial dual if there is no homomorphism from M onto a free R-module of countable infinite rank. Using a new combinatorial principle (the ℵn-Black Box), which is provable in ordinary set theory, we show that for every natural number n, there exist arbitrarily large ℵn-free R-modules with almost trivial duals, when R is a complete discrete valuation domain. A corresponding result for torsion modules is also obtained.
REGULARITY AND FRACTAL DIMENSION OF PULLBACK ATTRACTORS FOR A NON-AUTONOMOUS SEMILINEAR DEGENERATE PARABOLIC EQUATION
Authors: ANH CUNG THE , BAO TANG QUOC , THUY LE THI 
Published: February 2013

AbstractConsidered here is the pullback attractor of the process associated with the first initial boundary value problem for the non-autonomous semilinear degenerate parabolic equation
\begin{linenomath}
u_t-\text{div}(\sigma(x)\nabla u)+f(u)=g(x,t)
\end{linenomath}

in a bounded domain Ω in ℝN (N≥2). We prove the regularity in the space L2p−2(Ω)∩ $D_0^2(\Omega,\sigma)$, and estimate the fractal dimension of the pullback attractor in L2(Ω).
COHERENT POWER SERIES RING AND WEAK GORENSTEIN GLOBAL DIMENSION
Authors: MAHDOU NAJIB , TAMEKKANTE MOHAMMED , YASSEMI SIAMAK 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn this paper we compute the weak Gorenstein global dimension of a coherent power series ring. It is shown that the weak Gorenstein global dimension of R[[x]] is equal to the weak Gorenstein global dimension of R plus one, provided R[[x]] is coherent.
PERSISTENCE OF THE NORMALIZED EIGENVECTORS OF A PERTURBED OPERATOR IN THE VARIATIONAL CASE
Authors: CHIAPPINELLI RAFFAELE , FURI MASSIMO , PERA MARIA PATRIZIA 
Published: February 2013

AbstractLet H be a real Hilbert space and denote by S its unit sphere. Consider the nonlinear eigenvalue problem Ax + ε B(x) =δ x, where A: H → H is a bounded self-adjoint (linear) operator with nontrivial kernel Ker A, and B: H → H is a (possibly) nonlinear perturbation term. A unit eigenvector x0 ∈ S∩ Ker A of A (thus corresponding to the eigenvalue δ=0, which we assume to be isolated) is said to be persistent, or a bifurcation point (from the sphere S∩ Ker A), if it is close to solutions x ∈ S of the above equation for small values of the parameters δ ∈ ℝ and ε ≠ 0. In this paper, we prove that if B is a C1 gradient mapping and the eigenvalue δ=0 has finite multiplicity, then the sphere S∩ Ker A contains at least one bifurcation point, and at least two provided that a supplementary condition on the potential of B is satisfied. These results add to those already proved in the non-variational case, where the multiplicity of the eigenvalue is required to be odd.
GROUP BIALGEBRAS AND PERMUTATION BIALGEBRAS
Authors: CROSSLEY MARTIN 
Published: February 2013

AbstractMalvenuto and Reutenauer (C. Malvenuto and C. Reutenauer, Duality between quasi-symmetric functions and the Solomon descent algebra, J. Algebra177 (1995), 967–982) showed how the total symmetric group ring ⊕nZΣn could be made into a Hopf algebra with a very nice structure which admitted the Solomon descent algebra as a sub-Hopf algebra. To do this they replaced the group multiplication by a convolution product, thus distancing their structure from the group structure of Σn. In this paper we examine what is possible if we keep to the group multiplication, and we also consider the question for more general families of groups. We show that a Hopf algebra structure is not possible, but cocommutative and non-cocommutative counital bialgebras can be obtained, arising from certain diagrams of group homomorphisms. In the case of the symmetric groups we note that all such structures are weak in the sense that the dual algebras have many zero-divisors, but structures which respect descent sums can be found.
ON GROUPS WITH TWO ISOMORPHISM CLASSES OF DERIVED SUBGROUPS
Authors: LONGOBARDI PATRIZIA , MAJ MERCEDE , ROBINSON DEREK J. S. , SMITH HOWARD 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe structure of groups which have at most two isomorphism classes of derived subgroups ($\mathfrak{D}$2-groups) is investigated. A complete description of $\mathfrak{D}$2-groups is obtained in the case where the derived subgroup is finite: the solution leads an interesting number theoretic problem. In addition, detailed information is obtained about soluble $\mathfrak{D}$2-groups, especially those with finite rank, where algebraic number fields play an important role. Also, detailed structural information about insoluble $\mathfrak{D}$2-groups is found, and the locally free $\mathfrak{D}$2-groups are characterized.
CONTRACTED, -FULL AND RELATED CLASSES OF IDEALS IN LOCAL RINGS
Authors: RUSH DAVID E. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe class of$\mathfrak{m}$-full and four related classes of ideals in a local ring (R,$\mathfrak{m}$) are extended by replacing$\mathfrak{m}$with other ideals and the resulting classes of ideals are compared. It is shown that contracted ideals are$\mathfrak{m}$-full in a local ring with infinite residue field.
A HYPONORMAL TOEPLITZ COMPLETION PROBLEM
Authors: HWANG IN SUNG , KIM AN HYUN 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn this paper we consider the following ‘Toeplitz completion’ problem: Complete the unspecified analytic Toeplitz entries of the partial block Toeplitz matrix
$
\begin{linenomath}
A:=\begin{bmatrix} T_{\overline\psi_1}& ?\\[4pt]
\T_{\overline\psi_2} \end{bmatrix}
\end{linenomath}
$
to make A hyponormal, where ψi∈H∞ is a non-constant rational function for i=1,2.
STABLE LEFT AND RIGHT BOUSFIELD LOCALISATIONS
Authors: BARNES DAVID , ROITZHEIM CONSTANZE 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe study left and right Bousfield localisations of stable model categories which preserve stability. This follows the lead of the two key examples: localisations of spectra with respect to a homology theory and A-torsion modules over a ring R with A a perfect R-algebra. We exploit stability to see that the resulting model structures are technically far better behaved than the general case. We can give explicit sets of generating cofibrations, show that these localisations preserve properness and give a complete characterisation of when they preserve monoidal structures. We apply these results to obtain convenient assumptions under which a stable model category is spectral. We then use Morita theory to gain an insight into the nature of right localisation and its homotopy category. We finish with a correspondence between left and right localisation.
Do patients with allergic rhinitis have a particular personality trait?
Authors: Vamanshankar H , Hegde K S , Chaturvedi J , Pratibha C B , Ross A , Nayar R C , Parameshwaran S 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjectives:This study investigated the personality traits of patients with allergic rhinitis. It also examined the association between personality type and the type of allergic rhinitis, and compared this with the general population.Methods:A descriptive observational pilot study was carried out on 50 consecutive cases of allergic rhinitis who presented to the allergy clinic between June and October 2010. These patients were compared with a control group comprising 50 individuals from the general population that had no symptoms of allergic rhinitis. Both groups completed the International Personality Disorder Examination questionnaire for the assessment of personality traits.Results:Persons falling into cluster C personality type showed a positive correlation with the type and severity of allergic rhinitis. The majority of control group individuals fell into cluster A. This indicated a correlation between allergic rhinitis and a dominant anxious trait compared with the control group.Conclusion:In psycho-allergological research, the potential relevance of personality factors in the maintenance and exacerbation of atopic symptoms is still a matter of debate. More attention should be paid to the psychological status of allergic rhinitis patients, and appropriate treatment should be provided to improve their symptoms and quality of life.
Going for gold: transitional livelihoods in Northern Ghana
Authors: Hilson Gavin , Amankwah Richard , Ofori-Sarpong Grace 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTThis article critically reflects on what impact a supported and formalized artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) sector could have in Northern Ghana, where poverty is deeply rooted, the outcome of decades of government neglect. Since independence in 1957, numerous attempts have been made to improve the living standards of the populations in the country's North but deteriorated human resource bases and shortages of infrastructure have limited their effectiveness. A recent upsurge in ASM activity, however, has catapulted the region on to another – previously unimaginable – growth trajectory entirely. As findings from research carried out in the township of Kui in Bole District of the country's Northern Region illustrate, ASM has injected considerable wealth into many of Ghana's Northern localities, in the process helping to stabilise their economies and alleviate the hardships of tens of thousands of farm-dependent families. The intensification of support to, and the formalisation of, ASM, could prove to be an important step toward eradicating a poverty problem that has plagued this region of sub-Saharan Africa for more than a century.