bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mexican American Trial of Community Health Workers: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Community Health Worker Intervention for Mexican Americans With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Rothschild Steven K. , Martin Molly A. , Swider Susan M. , Tumialán Lynas Carmen M. , Janssen Imke , Avery Elizabeth F. , Powell Lynda H. 
Published: August 2013

Objectives. We assessed whether community health workers (CHWs) could improve glycemic control among Mexican Americans with diabetes. Methods. We recruited 144 Mexican Americans with type 2 diabetes between January 2006 and September 2008 into the single-blinded, randomized controlled Mexican American Trial of Community Health Workers (MATCH) and followed them for 2 years. Participants were assigned to either a CHW intervention, delivering self-management training through 36 home visits over 2 years, or a bilingual control newsletter delivering the same information on the same schedule. Results. Intervention participants showed significantly lower hemoglobin A1c levels than control participants at both year 1 Δ = −0.55; P = .021) and year 2 (Δ = −0.69; P = .005). We observed no effect on blood pressure control, glucose self-monitoring, or adherence to medications or diet. Intervention participants increased physical activity from a mean of 1.63 days per week at baseline to 2.64 days per week after 2 years. Conclusions. A self-management intervention delivered by CHWs resulted in sustained improvements in glycemic control over 2 years among Mexican Americans with diabetes. MATCH adds to the growing body of evidence supporting the use of CHWs to reduce diabetes-related health disparities.
A Randomized Trial of a Hepatitis Care Coordination Model in Methadone Maintenance Treatment
Authors: Masson Carmen L. , Delucchi Kevin L. , McKnight Courtney , Hettema Jennifer , Khalili Mandana , Min Albert , Jordan Ashly E. , Pepper Nicole , Hall Jessica , Hengl Nicholas S. , Young Christopher , Shopshire Michael S. , Manuel Jennifer K. , Coffin Lara , Hammer Hali , Shapiro Bradley , Seewald Randy M. , Bodenheimer Henry C. , Sorensen James L. , Des Jarlais Don C. , Perlman David C. 
Published: August 2013

Objectives. We evaluated the efficacy of a hepatitis care coordination intervention to improve linkage to hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination and clinical evaluation of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among methadone maintenance patients. Methods. We conducted a randomized controlled trial of 489 participants from methadone maintenance treatment programs in San Francisco, California, and New York City from February 2008 through June 2011. We randomized participants to a control arm (n = 245) and an intervention arm (n = 244), which included on-site screening, motivational-enhanced education and counseling, on-site vaccination, and case management services. Results. Compared with the control group, intervention group participants were significantly more likely (odds ratio [OR] = 41.8; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 19.4, 90.0) to receive their first vaccine dose within 30 days and to receive an HCV evaluation within 6 months (OR = 4.10; 95% CI = 2.35, 7.17). A combined intervention adherence outcome that measured adherence to HAV–HBV vaccination, HCV evaluation, or both strongly favored the intervention group (OR = 8.70; 95% CI = 5.56, 13.61). Conclusions. Hepatitis care coordination was efficacious in increasing adherence to HAV–HBV vaccination and HCV clinical evaluation among methadone patients.
Adolescent Sexually Transmitted Infections and Risk for Subsequent HIV
Authors: Newbern E. Claire , Anschuetz Greta L. , Eberhart Michael G. , Salmon Melinda E. , Brady Kathleen A. , De Los Reyes Andrew , Baker Jane M. , Asbel Lenore E. , Johnson Caroline C. , Schwarz Donald F. 
Published: August 2013

Objectives. We estimated the risk of HIV associated with sexually transmitted infection (STI) history during adolescence. Methods. We retrospectively studied a cohort of adolescents (n = 75 273, born in 1985–1993) who participated in the Philadelphia High School STD Screening Program between 2003 and 2010. We matched the cohort to STI and HIV surveillance data sets and death certificates and performed Poisson regression to estimate the association between adolescent STI exposures and subsequent HIV diagnosis. Results. Compared with individuals reporting no STIs during adolescence, adolescents with STIs had an increased risk for subsequent HIV infection (incidence rate ratio [IRR] for adolescent girls = 2.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.5, 4.7; IRR for adolescent boys = 2.3; 95% CI = 1.7, 3.1). Risk increased with number of STIs. The risk of subsequent HIV infection was more than 3 times as high among those with multiple gonococcal infections during adolescence as among those with none. Conclusions. Effective interventions that reduce adolescent STIs are needed to avert future STI and HIV acquisition. Focusing on adolescents with gonococcal infections or multiple STIs might have the greatest impact on future HIV risk.
Effect of stereotactic radiosurgery before bilateral adrenalectomy for Cushing's disease on the incidence of Nelson's syndrome
Authors: Mehta Gautam U. , Sheehan Jason P. , Vance Mary Lee 
Published: August 2013

Object
Nelson's syndrome (NS) is a significant and frequent risk for patients with Cushing's disease (CD) who undergo bilateral adrenalectomy. A recent study has shown tumor progression in 47% of patients at risk for NS. The authors sought to define the rate of NS in patients who were treated with Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery (GK SRS) prior to bilateral adrenalectomy.

Methods
Consecutive patients with CD who were treated with GK SRS after pituitary surgery but before bilateral adrenalectomy were included. Serial MRI sequences were analyzed to evaluate for pituitary tumor growth. Clinical evaluations were performed to screen for NS. Follow-up for adrenocorticotropic hormone levels and hormone studies of other pituitary axes was performed.

Results
Twenty consecutive patients were followed with neuroimaging and clinically for a median of 5.4 years (range 0.6–12 years). One patient (5%) developed pituitary tumor growth consistent with NS 9 months after adrenalectomy. By Kaplan-Meier analysis, progression-free survival was 94.7% at 1, 3, and 7 years. No predisposing factors were identified for the tumor progression. Two patients developed new pituitary dysfunction and no patient developed cranial neuropathy or visual deficit after GK SRS.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that GK SRS not only serves a role as second-line therapy for CD, but that it also provides prophylaxis for NS when used before bilateral adrenalectomy.
Are Young Women and Men with Rheumatoid Arthritis at Risk for Fragility Fractures? A Population-based Study
Authors: Amin Shreyasee , Gabriel Sherine E. , Achenbach Sara J. , Atkinson Elizabeth J. , Melton L. Joseph 
Published: August 2013

Objective.Older women and men with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are at increased risk for fractures, but limited information is available on fracture risk in younger individuals with RA and whether such risk occurs early in the disease onset or only when older. We determined the risk for fractures in both young and older women and men following RA diagnosis.Methods.We studied a population-based inception cohort with RA from Olmsted County, Minnesota, USA. We identified 822 women and 349 men diagnosed with RA between 1955 and 2007 (308 women and 110 men diagnosed before age 50) and an equal number of paired non-RA subjects, matched by sex and birth year. Incident fractures were collected through review of complete (inpatient and outpatient) medical records available through the linkage system of the Rochester Epidemiology Project.Results.The hazard ratio (HR; 95% CI) for a non-pathologic fracture occurring from no more than moderate trauma was 1.63 (1.36–1.96) for women and 1.40 (1.02–1.93) for men with RA. Findings were consistent for women and men diagnosed with RA at age ≥ 50 years [HR, 1.43 (1.16–1.77) and 1.34 (0.92–1.94), respectively], or at age < 50 years [HR, 2.34 (1.61–3.42) and 1.74 (0.91–3.30), respectively]. However, young women, but not young men, with RA were at increased fracture risk even before age 50 years (HR, 1.95 [1.08–3.51] and 0.82 [0.28–2.45], respectively).Conclusion.Young men with RA are at increased risk for fractures only when older, whereas young women with RA have an elevated fracture risk even while still young.
Résultats du sondage EPTiES (English Pronunciation Teaching in Europe Survey) : l’enseignement de la prononciation dans plusieurs pays européens vu par les enseignants
Authors: Frost Dan , Henderson Alice 
Published: August 2013

Cet article a pour but de présenter certains résultats d’une étude sur l’enseignement de la prononciation dans plusieurs contextes européens ainsi que de discuter des implications de ces résultats. Ce projet est le fruit d’un travail collaboratif entre des enseignants de dix pays européens (Allemagne, Espagne, Finlande, France, Pays-Bas, Irlande, Macédoine, Pologne, Suède et Suisse). Nous présentons ici les résultats d’un questionnaire (843 participants), ainsi que quelques extraits des entretiens semi-structurés que nous avons réalisés. Le questionnaire s’appuie sur d’autres travaux menés dans le domaine (Walker 1999 ; Burgess & Spencer 2000 ; Breitkreutz, Derwing & Rossiter 2002 ; Macdonald 2002).Nous nous concentrons dans cet article sur les thèmes suivants : les compétences et la formation des enseignants, ainsi que le niveau et les motivations des apprenants.
Mise au point sur l’éthique dans les séries télévisées à substrat juridique
Authors: Chapon Sandrine 
Published: August 2013

« Nous ne sommes pas comme les autres cabinets d’avocats. Tout n’est pas fait pour l’argent, le pouvoir et l’ego. Cela mobilise seulement 86 % de notre énergie » (The Firm, saison 1, épisode 5). Est-il acceptable, dans notre posture de concepteur de dispositifs pédagogiques de didactiser des documents qui entretiennent des stéréotypes négatifs de la culture professionnelle cible, comme dans l’exemple ci-dessus ? Cet article présente l’image de l’avocat plaidant dans les séries télévisuelles américaines du point de vue de la déontologie. Après avoir observé les traits caractéristiques des héros contemporains par opposition avec l’image de l’avocat des années cinquante, nous analysons comment les entorses à la déontologie, véhiculées par la fiction, peuvent être utilisées pour construire notre vision du monde professionnel. Enfin nous montrons quels procédés narratifs sont utilisés pour garantir que le récepteur de la fiction ne puisse imaginer que l’univers diégétique est un reflet fidèle des pratiques professionnelles.
Itinéraires dans la périurbanité « molle » : entre tout-fonctionnel et résistance
Authors: Chauvier Eric 
Published: August 2013

Si l’on évoque quelquefois la « mollesse » des zones périurbaines pavillonnaires, ce jugement tient surtout à un défaut d’investigation. Cette contribution vise à montrer l’ambivalence de ces modes de vie méconnus au niveau anthropologique : fortement standardisés, ils comportent aussi des formes de résistance insoupçonnées. Il reste cependant à apprendre à découvrir ces interstices de vie périurbaine.
Mild Dehydration and Cycling Performance During 5-Kilometer Hill Climbing
Authors: Bardis Costas N. , Kavouras Stavros A. , Arnaoutis Giannis , Panagiotakos Demosthenes B. , Sidossis Labros S. 
Published: August 2013

Context:
Hydration has been shown to be an important factor in performance; however, the effects of mild dehydration during intense cycling are not clear.

Objective:
To determine the influence of mild dehydration on cycling performance during an outdoor climbing trial in the heat (ambient temperature = 29.0°C ± 2.2°C).

Design:
Crossover study.

Setting:
Outdoor.

Patients or Other Participants:
Ten well-trained, male endurance cyclists (age = 28 ± 5 years, height = 182 ± 0.4 cm, mass = 73 ± 4 kg, maximal oxygen uptake = 56 ± 9 mL·min−1·kg−1, body fat = 23% ± 2%, maximal power = 354 ± 48 W).

Intervention(s):
Participants completed 1 hour of steady-state cycling with or without drinking to achieve the desired pre-exercise hydration level before 5-km hill-climbing cycling. Participants started the 5-km ride either euhydrated (EUH) or dehydrated by −1% of body mass (DEH).

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Performance time, core temperature, sweat rate, sweat sensitivity, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE).

Results:
Participants completed the 5-km ride 5.8% faster in the EUH (16.6 ± 2.3 minutes) than DEH (17.6 ± 2.9 minutes) trial (t1 = 10.221, P = .001). Postexercise body mass was −1.4% ± 0.3% for the EUH trial and −2.2% ± 0.2% for the DEH trial (t1 = 191.384, P &lt; .001). Core temperature after the climb was greater during the DEH (39.2°C ± 0.3°C) than EUH (38.8°C ± 0.2°C) trial (t1 = 8.04, P = .005). Sweat rate was lower during the DEH (0.44 ± 0.16 mg·m−2·s−1) than EUH (0.51 ± 0.16 mg·m−2·s−1) trial (t8 = 2.703, P = .03). Sweat sensitivity was lower during the DEH (72.6 ± 32 g·°C−1·min−1) than EUH (102.6 ± 54.2 g·°C−1·min−1) trial (t8 = 3.072, P = .02). Lastly, RPE after the exercise performance test was higher for the DEH (19.0 ± 1.0) than EUH (17.0 ± 1.0) participants (t9 = −3.36, P = .008).

Conclusions:
We found mild dehydration decreased cycling performance during a 5-km outdoor hill course, probably due to greater heat strain and greater perceived intensity.
Sport and Team Differences on Baseline Measures of Sport-Related Concussion
Authors: Zimmer Adam , Piecora Kyle , Schuster Danielle , Webbe Frank 
Published: August 2013

Context:With the advent of the National Collegiate Athletic Association's (NCAA's) mandating the presence and practice of concussion-management plans in collegiate athletic programs, institutions will consider potential approaches for concussion management, including both baseline and normative comparison approaches.Objective:To examine sport and team differences in baseline performance on a computer-based neurocognitive measure and 2 standard sideline measures of cognition and balance and to determine the potential effect of premorbid factors sex and height on baseline performance.Design:Cross-sectional study.Setting:University laboratory.Patients or Other Participants:A total of 437 NCAA Division II student-athletes (males = 273, females = 164; age = 19.61 ± 1.64 years, height = 69.89 ± 4.04 inches [177.52 ± 10.26 cm]) were recruited during mandatory preseason testing conducted in a concussion-management program.Main Outcome Measure(s):The computerized Concussion Resolution Index (CRI), the Standardized Assessment of Concussion (Form A; SAC), and the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS).Results:Players on the men's basketball team tended to perform worse on the baseline measures, whereas soccer players tended to perform better. We found a difference in total BESS scores between these sports (P = .002). We saw a difference between sports on the hard-surface portion of the BESS (F6,347 = 3.33, P = .003, ηp2 = 0.05). No sport, team, or sex differences were found with SAC scores (P &gt; .05). We noted differences between sports and teams in the CRI indices, with basketball, particularly the men's team, performing worse than soccer (P &lt; .001) and softball/baseball (P = .03). When sex and height were considered as possible sources of variation in BESS and CRI team or sport differences, height was a covariate for the team (F1,385 = 5.109, P = .02, ηp2 = 0.013) and sport (F1,326 = 11.212, P = .001, ηp2 = 0.033) analyses, but the interaction of sex and sport on CRI indices was not significant in any test (P &gt; .05).Conclusions:Given that differences in neurocognitive functioning and performance among sports and teams exist, the comparison of posttraumatic and baseline assessment may lead to more accurate diagnoses of concussion and safer return-to-participation decision making than the use of normative comparisons.
Initial experience with Angioseal™ : Safety and efficacy of the endovascular closure device
Authors: Modi Sachin , Gadvi Rakesh , Babu Suresh 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Background: Vascular access site management is crucial to safe, efficient, and comfortable diagnostic or interventional percutaneous procedures. The Angioseal™ vascular closure device has been shown to be safe and effective in reducing the time to hemostasis following angiographic or interventional procedures. Relatively few studies have been conducted in the UK to assess the safety and efficacy of the device in a local setting. Materials and Methods: Data were retrospectively reviewed on 147 patients who underwent either diagnostic angiography or percutaneous interventional procedures from January 2008 to October 2009, and who had the femoral access site closed by 6F VIP Angioseal. A total of 147 patients (F: 49, M: 98), including 80 right femoral punctures, 57 left femoral punctures, and 10 bilateral punctures were reviewed using radiological reports and patients′ clinical data. Data on antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy were recorded. All procedures were carried out by two interventional radiologists at a single institution, under similar operating conditions. Results: There were a total of six complications (4.47%), of which one was a major complication (0.75%), i.e., retroperitoneal bleed. There were five minor complications (3.73%), which included device deployment failure (2), device malfunction (2), and a superficial hematoma (>6 cm). Total complications were 6 out of 157 (3.8%) [95% CI = 0.8-6.8%)]. Successful hemostasis was achieved in less than 5 min in over 97% of patients. Successful device deployment was seen in over 98% of cases. Conclusion: We conclude that in our experience, the Angioseal vascular closure device is a safe and efficient means of achieving hemostasis post antegrade or retrograde puncture for diagnostic and percutaneous intervention procedures.
MR enterography in children: Principles, technique, and clinical applications
Authors: Chavhan Govind B , Babyn Paul S , Walters Thomas 
Published: August 2013

AbstractMR enterography is a constantly advancing technique for assessment of bowel with newer technology and sequences. It is being increasingly used for the assessment of inflammatory bowel disease and has almost replaced barium follow through examinations in many institutions. Its lack of radiation makes it an attractive alternative for bowel evaluation in children. It has been proved to be highly sensitive in the detection of Crohn disease in adults and children. It is also superior to barium studies in showing extra-enteric findings and detecting complications such as fistulas and abscesses. Even though at present it is almost exclusively used for the evaluation of inflammatory bowel disease, it has the potential to be used in other conditions affecting the bowel. The principles, MR enterography technique pertinent to children, and its utility in the assessment of Crohn disease in children are discussed in this review.
Cystic adventitial disease of popliteal artery with significant stenosis
Authors: Gupta Ranjana , Mittal Puneet , Gupta Praveen , Jindal Nancy 
Published: August 2013

AbstractCystic adventitial disease of popliteal artery is a rare condition of unknown etiology which usually presents in middle-aged men. We present Doppler and computed tomography angiography findings in a case of cystic adventitial disease with significant obstruction of popliteal artery, with secondary narrowing of popliteal vein.
Neuroenteric cysts of the brain-comprehensive magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Hingwala Divyata R , Radhakrishnan Neelima , Kesavadas Chandrasekharan , Thomas Bejoy , Kapilamoorthy Tirur Raman , Radhakrishnan Vishnupuri V 
Published: August 2013

AbstractNeuroenteric cysts are developmental cysts that should be differentiated from other, more common non-neoplastic cysts as well as cystic neoplasms. While these lesions may have varied imaging findings, T1 hyperintense prepontine lesion due to mucinous/proteinaceous content is characteristic. Location and imaging characteristics aid in formulating the correct diagnosis of neuroepithelial/neuroenteric cysts. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has the specific finding of N-Acetyl Aspartate (NAA)-like peak at 2.02 ppm which is not seen in other cystic lesions. In this study, we aim to discuss the imaging findings of these lesions on conventional and advanced MRI findings and provide radiologic-pathologic correlation. We also briefly describe the pathogenesis, embryology and radiological differential diagnoses of these cysts.
Evaluation of a Miniature Microscope Objective Designed for Fluorescence Array Microscopy Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: McCall Brian , Olsen Randall J. , Nelles Nicole J. , Williams Dawn L. , Jackson Kevin , Richards-Kortum Rebecca , Graviss Edward A. , Tkaczyk Tomasz S. 
Published: August 2013

Context.—A prototype miniature objective that was designed for a point-of-care diagnostic array microscope for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and previously fabricated and presented in a proof of concept is evaluated for its effectiveness in detecting acid-fast bacteria.
Objective.—To evaluate the ability of the microscope to resolve submicron features and details in the image of acid-fast microorganisms stained with a fluorescent dye, and to evaluate the accuracy of clinical diagnoses made with digital images acquired with the objective.
Design.—The lens prescription data for the microscope design are presented. A test platform is built by combining parts of a standard microscope, a prototype objective, and a digital single-lens reflex camera. Counts of acid-fast bacteria made with the prototype objective are compared to counts obtained with a standard microscope over matched fields of view. Two sets of 20 smears, positive and negative, are diagnosed by 2 pathologists as sputum smear positive or sputum smear negative, using both a standard clinical microscope and the prototype objective under evaluation. The results are compared to a reference diagnosis of the same sample.
Results.—More bacteria are counted in matched fields of view in digital images taken with the prototype objective than with the standard clinical microscope. All diagnostic results are found to be highly concordant.
Conclusions.—An array microscope built with this miniature lens design will be able to detect M tuberculosis with high sensitivity and specificity.
International Medical Graduates and the Physician Workforce
Authors: McElvaney Oliver J. , McMahon Graham T. 
Published: July 2024

ImportancePhysician shortages and the geographic maldistribution of general and specialist physicians impair health care delivery and worsen health inequity in the US. International medical graduates (IMGs) represent a potential solution given their ready supply.ObservationsDespite extensive clinical experience, evidence of competence, and willingness to practice in underserved communities, IMGs experience multiple barriers to entry in the US, including the immigration process, the pathways available for certification and licensing, and institutional reluctance to consider non–US-trained candidates. International medical graduates applying to postgraduate training programs compare favorably with US-trained candidates in terms of clinical experience, prior formal postgraduate training, and research, but have higher application withdrawal rates and significantly lower residency and fellowship match rates, a disparity that may be exacerbated by the recent elimination of objective performance metrics, such as the US Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 score. Once legally in the US, IMGs encounter additional obstacles to board eligibility, research funding, and career progression.Conclusions and RelevanceInternational medical graduates offer a viable and available solution to bridge the domestic physician supply gap, while improving workforce diversity and meaningfully addressing the public health implications of geographic maldistribution of general and specialist physicians, without disrupting existing physician stature and salaries. The US remains unable to integrate IMGs until systematic policy changes at the national level are implemented.