bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mourning, Remembrance, and Mahler's “Resurrection”
Authors: Kangas Ryan R 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
“You must have had the experience of burying someone dear to you,” wrote Gustav Mahler in a letter explaining his Second Symphony to the music critic Max Marschalk, suggesting that the critic's own experiences with death might help him better understand the symphony. Inversely, if listeners bring personal losses to bear on the piece, Mahler's Second Symphony offers one possible model for coping with death. If we take the distinction that Sigmund Freud draws between two responses to loss—melancholia and mourning—as a discursive frame, Mahler's Second Symphony may be heard as an attempt to come to terms with the death of a loved one by moving gradually from melancholia to mourning. According to Freud, a melancholic subject cannot truly cope with the traumatic experience and instead reenacts it, but someone who mourns truly remembers the loss and thus commemorates the dead, allowing them to live on, if only in memory.
Framed in such a way, the early movements of Mahler's Second Symphony—characterized by the alternation between halting sections that dissolve almost as soon as they begin and long-breathed melodies that seem to unfold effortlessly—suggest the melancholic subject's struggle between despair in the face of abject meaninglessness and a manic euphoria, neither of which addresses the loss. By contrast, the text in the symphony's final movement, adapted by Mahler from Friedrich Klopstock's chorale on the resurrection of the dead, encourages true remembrance of the deceased as a figure beyond death. Heard as a musical enactment of mourning, the final movement suggests that the dead who are mourned are resurrected through remembrance. Forcing us to acknowledge Mahler's death on some level, the final movement completes the work of mourning by engendering the composer's own resurrection in our memories as we witness each performance of his Second Symphony.
Assessment of Controversial Pediatric Asthma Management Options Using GRADE
Authors: Boluyt Nicole , Rottier Bart L. , de Jongste Johan C. , Riemsma Rob , Vrijlandt Elianne J.L.E. , Brand Paul L.P. 
Published: August 2012

OBJECTIVES:To develop explicit and transparent recommendations on controversial asthma management issues in children and to illustrate the usefulness of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach in rating the quality of evidence and strength of recommendations.METHODS:Health care questions were formulated for 3 controversies in clinical practice: what is the most effective treatment in asthma not under control with standard-dose inhaled corticosteroids (ICS; step 3), the use of leukotriene receptor antagonist for viral wheeze, and the role of extra fine particle aerosols. GRADE was used to rate the quality of evidence and strength of recommendations after performing systematic literature searches. We provide evidence profiles and considerations about benefit and harm, preferences and values, and resource use, all of which played a role in formulating final recommendations.RESULTS:By applying GRADE and focusing on outcomes that are important to patients and explicit other considerations, our recommendations differ from those in other international guidelines. We prefer to double the dose of ICS instead of adding a long-acting β-agonist in step 3; ICS instead of leukotriene receptor antagonist are the first choice in preschool wheeze, and extra fine particle ICS formulations are not first-line treatment in children with asthma. Recommendations are weak and based on low-quality evidence for critical outcomes.CONCLUSIONS:We provide systematically and transparently developed recommendations about controversial asthma management options. Using GRADE for guideline development may change recommendations, enhance guideline implementation, and define remaining research gaps.
Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia in the Low-Intermediate–Risk Category on the Bilirubin Nomogram
Authors: Bromiker Ruben , Bin-Nun Alona , Schimmel Michael S. , Hammerman Cathy , Kaplan Michael 
Published: August 2012

OBJECTIVE:
Predischarge bilirubin screening predicts neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. We evaluated the incidence of false-negative bilirubin screening among readmissions for hyperbilirubinemia.

METHODS:
In healthy term and late preterm, predominantly breastfeeding newborns, predischarge transcutaneous bilirubin values were plotted on the hour of life–specific bilirubin nomogram and confirmed with plasma total bilirubin in those with a transcutaneous reading ≥75th percentile, or between the 41st and 75th percentiles in the presence of predictive icterogenic risk factors. False-negative bilirubin screen was defined as a predischarge bilirubin value ≤75th percentile in a newborn who was subsequently readmitted for phototherapy.

RESULTS:
Of a total of 25 439 neonates born between 2008 and 2009, 143 (0.56%) were readmitted with a mean plasma total bilirubin of 18.7 ± 1.7 mg/dL at 125 ± 54 hours. False-negative predischarge bilirubin screen was identified in 46 (32.2%). Of these, 6 (4.2%) were in the low-risk zone (≤40th percentile, relative risk [RR] = 1) and 40 (28%) in the intermediate-low–risk zone (41st–75th percentile, RR 7.62 [95% confidence interval 3.23–17.96]). Of those in the high-risk zones, 76 (53.1%) were in the intermediate-high–risk zone (76th–95th percentile, RR 25.32 [11.03–58.10]) and 21 (14.7%) in the high-risk zone (&gt;95th percentile, RR 27.78 [11.23–68.70]).

CONCLUSIONS:
Predischarge bilirubin levels in newborns classified as low risk did not eliminate the risk of readmission for hyperbilirubinemia. All newborns including those at low risk must be vigilantly observed for subsequent hyperbilirubinemia.
Bone Mineral Density and Vitamin D Status Among African American Children With Forearm Fractures
Authors: Ryan Leticia Manning , Teach Stephen J. , Singer Steven A. , Wood Rachel , Freishtat Robert , Wright Joseph L. , McCarter Robert , Tosi Laura , Chamberlain James M. 
Published: August 2012

OBJECTIVE:
To determine whether African American children with forearm fractures have decreased bone mineral density and an increased prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level ≤20 ng/mL) compared with fracture-free control patients.

METHODS:
This case-control study in African American children, aged 5 to 9 years, included case patients with forearm fracture and control patients without fracture. Evaluation included measurement of bone mineral density and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level. Univariable and multivariable analyses were used to test for associations between fracture status and 2 measures of bone health (bone mineral density and 25-hydroxyvitamin D level) while controlling for other potential confounders.

RESULTS:
The final sample included 76 case and 74 control patients. There were no significant differences between case and control patients in age, gender, parental education level, enrollment season, outdoor play time, height, or mean dietary calcium nutrient density. Cases were more likely than control patients to be overweight (49.3% vs 31.4%, P = .03). Compared with control patients, case patients had lower whole body z scores for bone mineral density (0.62 ± 0.96 vs 0.98 ± 1.09; adjusted odds ratio 0.38 [0.20–0.72]) and were more likely to be vitamin D deficient (47.1% vs 40.8%; adjusted odds ratio 3.46 [1.09–10.94]).

CONCLUSIONS:
These data support an association of lower bone mineral density and vitamin D deficiency with increased odds of forearm fracture among African American children. Because suboptimal childhood bone health also negatively impacts adult bone health, interventions to increase bone mineral density and correct vitamin D deficiency are indicated in this population to provide short-term and long-term benefits.
Diagnosis and Management of Childhood Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome
Authors: Marcus Carole L. , Brooks Lee J. , Ward Sally Davidson , Draper Kari A. , Gozal David , Halbower Ann C. , Jones Jacqueline , Lehmann Christopher , Schechter Michael S. , Sheldon Stephen , Shiffman Richard N. , Spruyt Karen 
Published: August 2012

OBJECTIVE:This technical report describes the procedures involved in developing recommendations on the management of childhood obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS).METHODS:The literature from 1999 through 2011 was evaluated.RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS:A total of 3166 titles were reviewed, of which 350 provided relevant data. Most articles were level II through IV. The prevalence of OSAS ranged from 0% to 5.7%, with obesity being an independent risk factor. OSAS was associated with cardiovascular, growth, and neurobehavioral abnormalities and possibly inflammation. Most diagnostic screening tests had low sensitivity and specificity. Treatment of OSAS resulted in improvements in behavior and attention and likely improvement in cognitive abilities. Primary treatment is adenotonsillectomy (AT). Data were insufficient to recommend specific surgical techniques; however, children undergoing partial tonsillectomy should be monitored for possible recurrence of OSAS. Although OSAS improved postoperatively, the proportion of patients who had residual OSAS ranged from 13% to 29% in low-risk populations to 73% when obese children were included and stricter polysomnographic criteria were used. Nevertheless, OSAS may improve after AT even in obese children, thus supporting surgery as a reasonable initial treatment. A significant number of obese patients required intubation or continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) postoperatively, which reinforces the need for inpatient observation. CPAP was effective in the treatment of OSAS, but adherence is a major barrier. For this reason, CPAP is not recommended as first-line therapy for OSAS when AT is an option. Intranasal steroids may ameliorate mild OSAS, but follow-up is needed. Data were insufficient to recommend rapid maxillary expansion.
Role of Pt Nanoparticles in Photoreactions on TiO2 Photoelectrodes
Authors: An Woo-Jin , Wang Wei-Ning , Ramalingam Balavinayagam , Mukherjee Somik , Niedzwiedzki Dariusz M. , Gangopadhyay Shubhra , Biswas Pratim 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTHighly efficient Pt-TiO2 composite photoelectrodes were synthesized by combining two novel deposition methods: ACVD and a room temperature RF (radio frequency) magnetron sputtering method. A room temperature RF magnetron sputtering method allowed uniform deposition of Pt nanoparticles (NPs) onto the as-synthesized nanostructured columnar TiO2 films by ACVD. Pt NP sizes from 0.5 to 3 nm demonstrating a high particle density (>1012 cm−2) could be achieved by varying deposition time with constant pressure and power intensity. As-synthesized Pt-TiO2 films were used as photoanodes for water photolysis. Pt nanoparticles deposited onto the TiO2 film for 20s produced the highest photocurrent (7.92 mA/cm2 to 9.49 mA/cm2) and maximized the energy conversion efficiency (16.2 % to 21.2 %) under UV illumination. However, as the size of Pt particles increased, more trapping sites for photogenerated electron-hole pairs decreased photoreaction.
Anti-Obesity Effect Of Mushroom (Ganoderma Lucidum) On Experimentally Induced Obese Rats
Authors: Amin Rukhsana , Islam Md Zakirul , Sen Moushumi , Eva Sohely Nazneen , Jesmin Suha , Nahar Shamsun 
Published: August 2012

This experimental study was done to determine whether Ganoderma Lucidum (GL), a renowned medicinal species, has an effect on body weight in an obese animal model induced by the administration of a fatty mixture diet. The study was carried out in the department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University and National Mushroom Development and Extension Center (NAMDEC) with 36 rats were divided into 3 groups as follows. The Control group (C) received normal/basal laboratory diet, experimental group (E) was fed fatty mixture diet and mushroom fed group (M) received 5% powder of GL with fatty mixture for 28 days. 5% powder of GL administration significantly reduced body weight in obese rats than group E. The present study suggests that GL may serve as a new potential natural product for the prevention of obesity. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/akmmcj.v3i2.11687 AKMMC J 2012: 3(2): 11-14
Thoracoacromial Vessel Based Pectoralis Major Myocutaneous Flap in Oral and Maxillofacial Soft Tissue Defect Reconstruction
Authors: Rahman Quazi Billur , Karmakar Rajan , Kumar Shaymal 
Published: August 2012

Pedicled flaps play an important role in cancer treatment centers, particularly in developing and emerging countries. Although different flaps can be used for facial reconstruction but Pectoralis major myocutaneous flap is still considered the workhorse for maxillofacial reconstruction because of simple procedure and high success rate, while other flaps of facial region ranging from pedicled to free flaps require greater surgical skills along with unpredictable results.The aim of this study is to find outcomes of Pectoralis major myocutaneous flap in reconstruction of middle and lower facial regions. Main outcome measures are vitality of the Pectoralis major myocutaneous flap, donor site morbidity and recipient and donor site complications.This study was carried out on 36 patients in BSMMU and Health & Hope Hospital in Dhaka from 1st April 2005 to 30th June 2011 who require soft tissue reconstruction of defects of middle and lower facial regions. The age and sex of the patients and size of defect were analyzed. Vitality of Pectoralis major myocutaneous flap, donor site morbidity and donor and recipient site complications were studied. In this study, male female ratio was 13:5; mean age 50 the success rate of was 100%. All of the flaps were vital but 13.8% of the flaps had partial loss of flap.Pectoralis major myocutaneous flap is a versatile flap as it can not only provide skin and mucosal cover simultaneously, but also provide adequate muscle bulk for through and through defects. It doesn't cause any hindrance in mandibular movements. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/akmmcj.v3i2.11690 AKMMC J 2012: 3(2): 23-29
Jugulotympanic Paraganglioma, Mimicking Chronic Suppura tive Otitis Media
Authors: Ferdousi Sharmin , Badruddoza SM 
Published: August 2012

Paraganglioma or glomus tumour are named according to their origin. Jugulotympanic paragangliomas (JTP) originates in the middle ear. There are several diagnostic pitfalls of this tumour. We now report a rare case of JTP in a 47 years old female. Pre-operative diagnosis of this case was chronic suppurative otitis media, Per-operatively it revealed an irregular somewhat polypoid mass. On histologic examination the mass composed of nests of round to oval cells surrounded by delicate vascular septae and the diagnosis was JTP. Because JTPs are rare tumour and have variable clinical presentation & different histologic findings they are easy to misdiagnose. However this case report may help to generate awareness and to avoid misinterpretation of JTPs. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/akmmcj.v3i2.11693 AKMMC J 2012: 3(2): 37-38
Heart Rate  An Emerging Cardiovascular Risk Factor
Authors: Kauser Mohammad Abu , Safiuddin Mohammad 
Published: August 2012

The development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is usually caused by multiple risk factors, which interact to produce an individuals total CVD risk. Therefore the guidelines on the prevention of CVD recommend the preventive measures be based on individuals levels of total CVD risk so that the most intensive risk factor management can be directed towards those at highest risk. Elevated resting heart rate is a known independent cardiovascular risk factor but is not included in any risk estimating system-Coronary risk chart or SCORE(Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation).which are used for estimation of individuals 10 year risk of a CVD event based on gender, age, total cholesterol, smoking status and systolic blood pressure. The findings several epidemiological studies showed an association between elevated heart rate an increased risk of allcause mortality and morbidity in general population, hypertensives, diabetics and those with CAD. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/uhj.v8i1.11665 University Heart Journal Vol. 8, No. 1, January 2012
Successful Surgical Outcome of Coarctation of Aorta in an adult male
Authors: Rahman Md Mostafizur , Hossain M A , Chowdhury MAQ , Khan OS , Sarker SR , Hoque Rezwanul , Adhikary Asit Baren 
Published: August 2012

Coarctation of the aorta is a relatively common defect that accounts for 5-8% of all congenital heart defects. Coarctation of the aorta may occur as an isolated defect or in association with various other lesions, most commonly patent ductus arteriosus, bicuspid aortic valve and ventricular septal defect. The diagnosis of coarctation of the aorta may be missed or delayed unless there is a high index of suspicion and the presentation may be congestive heart failure in infant or hypertension in older children and adult. A case of coarctation of the aorta associated with patent ductus arteriosus having features of headache, exertional dyspnea and uncontrolled hypertension is being presented here. PTFE patch aortoplasty and ligation with transfixation of PDA was done. Post-operative period was uneventful and patient was discharged on 7th post-operative day. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/uhj.v8i1.11671 University Heart Journal Vol. 8, No. 1, January 2012
CD8 T Cell Priming in the Presence of IFN-α Renders CTLs with Improved Responsiveness to Homeostatic Cytokines and Recall Antigens: Important Traits for Adoptive T Cell Therapy
Authors: Hervas-Stubbs Sandra , Mancheño Uxua , Riezu-Boj Jose-Ignacio , Larraga Ana , Ochoa Maria C. , Alignani Diego , Alfaro Carlos , Morales-Kastresana Aizea , Gonzalez Iranzu , Larrea Esther , Pircher Hanspeter , Le Bon Agnes , Lopez-Picazo Jose M. , Martín-Algarra Salvador , Prieto Jesus , Melero Ignacio 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Previous mouse and human studies have demonstrated that direct IFN-α/β signaling on naive CD8 T cells is critical to support their expansion and acquisition of effector functions. In this study, we show that human naive CD8 T cells primed in the presence of IFN-α possess a heightened ability to respond to homeostatic cytokines and to secondary Ag stimulation, but rather than differentiating to effector or memory CTLs, they preserve nature-like phenotypic features. These are qualities associated with greater efficacy in adoptive immunotherapy. In a mouse model of adoptive transfer, CD8 T cells primed in the presence of IFN-α are able to persist and to mediate a robust recall response even after a long period of naturally driven homeostatic maintenance. The long-lasting persistence of IFN-α–primed CD8 T cells is favored by their enhanced responsiveness to IL-15 and IL-7, as demonstrated in IL-15−/− and IL-7−/− recipient mice. In humans, exposure to IFN-α during in vitro priming of naive HLA-A2+ CD8 T cells with autologous dendritic cells loaded with MART126–35 peptide renders CD8 T cells with an improved capacity to respond to homeostatic cytokines and to specifically lyse MART1-expressing melanoma cells. Furthermore, in a mouse model of melanoma, adoptive transfer of tumor-specific CD8 T cells primed ex vivo in the presence of IFN-α exhibits an improved ability to contain tumor progression. Therefore, exposure to IFN-α during priming of naive CD8 T cells imprints decisive information on the expanded cells that can be exploited to improve the efficacy of adoptive T cell therapy.
Analysis of the Processing of Seven Human Tumor Antigens by Intermediate Proteasomes
Authors: Guillaume Benoît , Stroobant Vincent , Bousquet-Dubouch Marie-Pierre , Colau Didier , Chapiro Jacques , Parmentier Nicolas , Dalet Alexandre , Van den Eynde Benoît J. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
We recently described two proteasome subtypes that are intermediate between the standard proteasome and the immunoproteasome. They contain only one (β5i) or two (β1i and β5i) of the three inducible catalytic subunits of the immunoproteasome. They are present in tumor cells and abundant in normal human tissues. We described two tumor antigenic peptides that are uniquely produced by these intermediate proteasomes. In this work, we studied the production by intermediate proteasomes of tumor antigenic peptides known to be produced exclusively by the immunoproteasome (MAGE-A3114–122, MAGE-C242–50, MAGE-C2336–344) or the standard proteasome (Melan-A26–35, tyrosinase369–377, gp100209–217). We observed that intermediate proteasomes efficiently produced the former peptides, but not the latter. Two peptides from the first group were equally produced by both intermediate proteasomes, whereas MAGE-C2336–344 was only produced by intermediate proteasome β1i-β5i. Those results explain the recognition of tumor cells devoid of immunoproteasome by CTL recognizing peptides not produced by the standard proteasome. We also describe a third antigenic peptide that is produced exclusively by an intermediate proteasome: peptide MAGE-C2191–200 is produced only by intermediate proteasome β1i-β5i. Analyzing in vitro digests, we observed that the lack of production by a given proteasome usually results from destruction of the antigenic peptide by internal cleavage. Interestingly, we observed that the immunoproteasome and the intermediate proteasomes fail to cleave between hydrophobic residues, despite a higher chymotrypsin-like activity measured on fluorogenic substrates. Altogether, our results indicate that the repertoire of peptides produced by intermediate proteasomes largely matches the repertoire produced by the immunoproteasome, but also contains additional peptides.
SOCS3 Deficiency Promotes M1 Macrophage Polarization and Inflammation
Authors: Qin Hongwei , Holdbrooks Andrew T. , Liu Yudong , Reynolds Stephanie L. , Yanagisawa Lora L. , Benveniste Etty N. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Macrophages participate in both the amplification of inflammation at the time of injury and downregulation of the inflammatory response to avoid excess tissue damage. These divergent functions of macrophages are dictated by their microenvironment, especially cytokines, which promote a spectrum of macrophage phenotypes. The M1 proinflammatory phenotype is induced by LPS, IFN-γ, and GM-CSF, and IL-4, IL-13, and M-CSF induce anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages. Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins function as feedback inhibitors of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, and they can terminate innate and adaptive immune responses. In this study, we have evaluated the influence of SOCS3 on macrophage polarization and function. Macrophages obtained from LysMCre-SOCS3fl/fl mice, which lack SOCS3 in myeloid lineage cells, exhibit enhanced and prolonged activation of the JAK/STAT pathway compared with macrophages from SOCS3fl/fl mice. Furthermore, SOCS3-deficient macrophages have higher levels of the M1 genes IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-23, and inducible NO synthase owing to enhanced transcriptional activation and chromatin modifications. SOCS3-deficient M1 macrophages also have a stronger capacity to induce Th1 and Th17 cell differentiation than M1 macrophages from SOCS3fl/fl mice. Lastly, LPS-induced sepsis is exacerbated in LysMCre-SOCS3fl/fl mice and is associated with enhanced STAT1/3 activation and increased plasma levels of M1 cytokines/chemokines such as IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, CCL3, CCL4, and CXCL11. These findings collectively indicate that SOCS3 is involved in repressing the M1 proinflammatory phenotype, thereby deactivating inflammatory responses in macrophages.