bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social‐ATPGNN: Prediction of multi‐modal pedestrian trajectory of non‐homogeneous social interaction
Authors: Wang Kehao , Zou Han 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWith the development of automatic driving and path planning technology, predicting the moving trajectory of pedestrians in dynamic scenes has become one of key and urgent technical problems. However, most of the existing techniques regard all pedestrians in the scene as equally important influence on the predicted pedestrian's trajectory, and the existing methods which use sequence‐based time‐series generative models to obtain the predicted trajectories, do not allow for parallel computation, it will introduce a significant computational overhead. A new social trajectory prediction network, Social‐ATPGNN which integrates both temporal information and spatial one based on ATPGNN is proposed. In space domain, the pedestrians in the predicted scene are formed into an undirected and non fully connected graph, which solves the problem of homogenisation of pedestrian relationships, then, the spatial interaction between pedestrians is encoded to improve the accuracy of modelling pedestrian social consciousness. After acquiring high‐level spatial data, the method uses Temporal Convolutional Network which could perform parallel calculations to capture the correlation of time series of pedestrian trajectories. Through a large number of experiments, the proposed model shows the superiority over the latest models on various pedestrian trajectory datasets.
How to reduce the influence of special vehicles on traffic flow? A Dogit‐ABM approach
Authors: Sun Zhiyuan , Wang Zhicheng , Wang Tianshi , Wang Duo , Lu Huapu , Chen Yanyan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSpecial vehicles (SVs) are vehicles which conduct tasks such as the maintenance of urban roads and are typically characterized by travelling at a lower speed at a constant rate of speed within the same lane. In order to reduce the influence of SVs, guidance zone is designed and provides traffic guidance suggestions (TGS) for human‐driven vehicles (HVs) helping drivers for better decision between car‐following (CF) and lane‐changing (LC). To verify the effectiveness of TGS, an improved Dogit‐agent‐based model is established to simulate the captive and not captive choice of CF and LC for different driver types under TGS, and build the rules for mixed traffic flow of SV and HVs. Finally, a numerical simulation with a three‐lane system is conducted to analyze the traffic efficiency through a set of indicators, and the results show that the TGS can reduce the influence of SVs on traffic flow in a specific occupancy rates range, increase the cross‐section traffic volume by about 5%. The TGS also can increase the average speed of HVs in the lane behind SV by about 5% to 30%, and increase traffic density to 200% on the underutilized lane in the raw space in front of the SV.
Phase‐only transmit beampattern synthesis with sparse arrays via alternating optimisation‐alternating direction of the multipliers method
Authors: Li Lifeng , Liu Xingang , Wang Xiangrong , Hu Mengkai , Du Yufeng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTo get simultaneously sparse and constant modulus excitation to reduce the complexity of the array and the mutual effect of neighbouring elements, a novel algorithm via alternating optimisation‐alternating direction of the multipliers method is developed. This method uses the total transmitting power as the objective function to optimise the sparsity and the amplitude of excitation simultaneously. Numerical results are provided to verify its effectiveness.
A type II radio burst associated with solar filament–filament interaction
Authors: Zhang Liang , Zheng Ruisheng , Chen Yao 
Published: August 2024

Aims. Solar radio type II bursts are often associated with coronal shocks driven by solar eruptions. In this study, we report a type II burst associated with filament–filament interaction.
Methods. Combining the high-quality multiwavelength observations from CHASE, SDO, STEREO, and CALLISTO, we conducted a detailed study of the type II burst associated with filament–filament interaction.
Results. On 2023 September 11, an erupting filament (F1) likely disturbed a nearby long filament (F2), causing F2 to subsequently erupt. As a result of possible magnetic reconnection between ejective materials from the two filaments, loop-like structures formed perpendicular to them. Subsequently, the expansion of these loop-like structures triggered a strong coronal mass ejection (CME). Interestingly, a type II burst appeared on the solar spectrum around the time when the loop-like structures formed and the CME appeared above the occulting disk of STEREO/COR1. By converting the frequency of the type II burst to the coronal height using polarization brightness data recorded by the COR1 coronagraph and the spherically symmetric polynomial approximation technique, we determined the formation height of the type II burst to be around 1.45 R⊙, with a speed of approximately 440 km s−1. This is comparable to the observed height of the CME (∼1.43 R⊙), although slightly lower in speed (540 km s−1).
Conclusions. All these results indicate that the type II burst was closely associated with filament–filament interactions and was possibly excited by the accompanying CME at the flank. We suggest that the filament–filament interactions played an important role in producing the type II burst by acting as a piston to trigger a strong CME.
Properties of intermediate- to high-mass stars in the young cluster M17
Authors: Backs F. , Brands S. A. , Ramírez-Tannus M. C. , Derkink A. R. , de Koter A. , Poorta J. , Puls J. , Kaper L. 
Published: August 2024

Context. The outcome of the formation of massive stars is an important anchor point in the formation and evolution process of these stars. It provides insight into the physics of the assembly process, and sets the conditions for stellar evolution. For massive stars, the outcome of formation is rarely observed because the processes involved unfold deep down in highly extincted molecular clouds.
Aims. We characterize a population of highly reddened stars in the very young massive star-forming region M17. The group of 18 O4.5 to B9 stars constitutes one of the best samples of almost zero-age main-sequence (ZAMS) high- and intermediate-mass stars. Their properties allow us to identify the empirical location of the ZAMS of massive stars, and the rotation and mass-loss rate of stars close to or at the onset of core-hydrogen burning.
Methods. We performed quantitative spectroscopic modeling of a uniform set of over 100 spectral features in optical VLT/X-shooter spectra using the nonlocal thermal equilibrium stellar atmosphere code FASTWIND and a fitting approach based on a genetic algorithm, KIWI-GA. The spectral energy distributions of photometric observations were used to determine the line-of-sight extinction. From a comparison of their positions in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram with MIST evolutionary tracks, we inferred the stellar masses and ages.
Results. We find an age of 0.4−0.2+0.6 Myr for our sample, however we also identify a strong relation between the age and the mass of the stars. All sources are highly reddened, with AV ranging from 3.6 to 10.6 mag. The sample can be subdivided into two groups. Stars more massive than 10 M⊙ have reached the ZAMS. Their projected ZAMS spin rate distribution extends to 0.3 of the critical velocity; their mass-loss rates agree with those of other main-sequence O and early-B stars. Stars with a mass in the range 3 < M/M⊙ < 7 are still on the pre-main sequence (PMS), and some of them have circumstellar disks. Evolving their υ sin i to the ZAMS assuming angular momentum conservation yields values up to ~0.6 υcrit. For PMS stars without disks, we find tentative mass-loss rates up to 10−8.5 M⊙ yr−1. The total-to-selective extinction RV is higher for PMS stars with disks than for the remainder of the sample.
Conclusions. We constrain the empirical location of the ZAMS for massive (10 < M/M⊙ < 50) stars and find it to agree with its location in MIST evolutionary tracks. The ZAMS rotation rates for intermediate-mass stars are twice as high as for massive stars, suggesting that the angular momentum gain processes differ between the two groups. The relation between the age and mass of the stars suggests a lag in the formation of more massive stars relative to lower mass stars. Taking the derived mass-loss rates at face value, stellar winds are already initiated in the PMS phase. The PMS-star winds are found to be substantially more powerful than indicated by predictions for line-driven outflows.
A study of the electrostatic properties of the interiors of low-mass stars: Possible implications for the observed rotational properties
Authors: Brito A. , Lopes I. 
Published: August 2024

Context. In the partially ionized material of stellar interiors, the strongest forces acting on electrons and ions are the Coulomb interactions between charges. The dynamics of the plasma as a whole depend on the magnitudes of the average electrostatic interactions and the average kinetic energies of the particles that constitute the stellar material. An important question is how these interactions of real gases are related to the observable stellar properties. Specifically, the relationships between rotation, magnetic activity, and the thermodynamic properties of stellar interiors are still not well understood. These connections are crucial for understanding and interpreting the abundant observational data provided by space-based missions, such as Kepler/K2 and TESS, and the future data from the PLATO mission.
Aims. In this study, we investigate the electrostatic effects within the interiors of low-mass main sequence (MS) stars. Specifically, we introduce a global quantity, a global plasma parameter, which allows us to compare the importance of electrostatic interactions across a range of low-mass theoretical models (0.7 − 1.4 M⊙) with varying ages and metallicities. We then correlate the electrostatic properties of the theoretical models with the observable rotational trends on the MS.
Methods. We use the open-source 1D stellar evolution code MESA to compute a grid of main-sequence stellar models. Our models span the log g − Teff space of a set of 66 Kepler main-sequence stars.
Results. We identify a correlation between the prominence of electrostatic effects in stellar interiors and stellar rotation rates. The variations in the magnitude of electrostatic interactions with age and metallicity further suggest that understanding the underlying physics of the collective effects of plasma can clarify key observational trends related to the rotation of low-mass stars on the MS. These results may also advance our understanding of the physics behind the observed weakened magnetic braking in stars.
3D-Technologien in der dermatologischen Lehre
Authors: Schneller Alexander , Welzel Julia , Hinske Ludwig Christian , Schuh Sandra 
Published: August 2024

Zusammenfassung3D-Technologien sind in vielen Industriezweigen präsent und gewinnen auch in der Medizin zunehmend an Bedeutung. In Forschung, Lehre und Patientenbehandlung finden 3D-Visualisierung und 3D-Druck vielfältig Anwendung. In der Dermatologie besteht hier Entwicklungspotenzial. Besonders die dermatologische Lehre nutzt nach wie vor überwiegend zweidimensionale Abbildungen von Hautkrankheiten in Lehrbüchern und Vorlesungen. Dieser Übersichtsartikel schlägt einen Bogen von etablierten historischen dreidimensionalen Lehrmedien in der Dermatologie zu modernen 3D-Verfahren und ihrer Anwendung in verschiedenen dermatologischen Lehrformaten. Virtual und Augmented Reality sowie 3D-Druck können immersive Lernerfahrungen bieten und werden vereinzelt bereits mit Erfolg angewandt. Innovationen in dem Gebiet der 3D-Medien bieten spannende Ausblicke auf potenzielle Anwendungsgebiete.
„Forum Akademische Lehre der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft“: die ersten 10 Jahre
Authors: Ochsendorf Falk , Welzel Julia 
Published: August 2024

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Es werden die Aktivitäten des „Forum Akademische
Lehre der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft (DDG)“ zusammengestellt und
ausgewertet.
Methodik Die Protokolle von 22 Sitzungen des „Forum Akademische
Lehre“ (FAL; 10/2013 bis 4/2024) und die dabei entstandenen Produkte (wie Umfragen,
Veröffentlichungen, Kongressbeiträge) wurden ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse An den zweimal jährlich stattfindenden 22 Treffen
nahmen insgesamt 78 verschiedene Personen teil. Diese stammten aus 38 Standorten (v.a.
Universitätsklinika). Durchschnittlich hatten die Standorte an 6,7±5 (x̅±SD; Min. 1, Max. 22,
Median 6) Treffen teilgenommen. In Präsenz lag die Teilnahme durchschnittlich bei 9, bei
Onlinetreffen bei 18 Personen. Das FAL informierte regelhaft über aktuelle Entwicklungen in
der Lehre, wie Entwicklung des Nationalen Kompetenzbasierten Lernzielkatalogs Medizin (NKLM)
und den Stand der Diskussion der neuen Approbationsordnung, führte kollegiale Fallberatungen
durch, schulte zu verschiedenen aktuellen Themen (wie Optimierung digitaler Unterricht,
künstliche Intelligenz in der Lehre) und erarbeitete zahlreiche Hilfestellungen zur
Verbesserung der Lehre (u.a. Lernzielkatalog Dermatologie, Erhöhung der Motivation zur Lehre,
Lernzieldefinition, Optimierung Multiple-Choice-Fragen und mündlich-praktische
Prüfungen).
Schlussfolgerung Das Forum „Akademische Lehre“ ist durch die
Unterstützung der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft ein fest etablierter Arbeitskreis.
Gestellte Aufgaben wurden erfolgreich bearbeitet. Eine breitere Unterstützung durch die
Klinikleitungen könnte die Wirksamkeit dieses Forums noch erhöhen.
„Warum Dermatologie?“ – Umfrage unter jungen Weiterbildungsassistentinnen und -assistenten in deutschen Hautkliniken
Authors: Ochsendorf Falk , Nashan Dorothée 
Published: August 2024

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Vor dem Hintergrund eines relativen Mangels an geeignetem Nachwuchs sollte untersucht werden, welche Faktoren junge Ärztinnen und Ärzte veranlasst hatten, sich für eine Weiterbildung (WB) in der Dermatologie zu entscheiden.
Methodik Das „Forum Akademische Lehre der DDG“ führte in 8/2017 an den deutschen Universitäts-Hautkliniken (U, n=115 Antwortende) sowie in 6/2018 an den nicht-universitären Hautkliniken (NU, n=47 Antwortende) eine Online-Befragung durch. Unterstützt durch den Vorstand der DDG wurden alle Klinikdirektoren zweimal angeschrieben und gebeten, die Umfrage bei ihren WB-Assistentinnen und -Assistenten bekannt zu machen. Die Auswertung erfolgte deskriptiv. Hierbei zeigte sich eine „Sättigung“ bei den freien Antworten, sodass die Rückmeldungen als repräsentativ angesehen werden können.
Ergebnisse Mehr als 70% der Antwortenden waren Frauen. Die
Entscheidung für die Dermatologie als Wahlfach im Praktischen Jahr fällt spät im Studium. Die
wesentlichen Gründe (>50%) für die Wahl als WB-Fach lagen in seiner Vielseitigkeit
(konservativ und operativ, Subspezialisierungen, Patienten aller Altersgruppen) und in der
visuellen Diagnostik (Blickdiagnosen) begründet. Gute Niederlassungsmöglichkeiten und
Familienfreundlichkeit des Fachs wurden jeweils von ca. 15% genannt. Vorlesungen waren bei ca.
50%, Vorbilder bei ca. 55%, das Praktikum bei ca. 75%, Famulaturen bei 75% und das Praktische
Jahr bei 85% ausschlaggebend für ihre Wahl. Interesse für die dermatologische Forschung wurde
v.a. im 1.–3. klinischen und dann wieder im 6. klinischen Semester geweckt, meist durch die
Promotion in der Dermatologie. Wesentliche Unterschiede zwischen universitären und
nicht-universitären Hautkliniken lagen beim Interesse an der Forschung (43% U vs. 30%
NU).
Schlussfolgerung Eine gute Lehre mit der Betonung der Vielseitigkeit des Fachs ist der Hauptfaktor für die Nachwuchsgewinnung.
Successfully Transitioning an Interruptive Alert into a Noninterruptive Alert for Central Line Dressing Changes in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Knake Lindsey A. , Asbury Rachel , Penisten Shannon , Meyer Nathan , Burrel Keith , Davila Rebecca Chuffo , Wright Adam , Blum James M. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background Interruptive alerts are known to be associated with clinician alert fatigue, and poorly performing alerts should be evaluated for alternative solutions. An interruptive alert to remind clinicians about a required peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) dressing change within the first 48 hours after placement resulted in 617 firings in a 6-month period with only 11 (1.7%) actions taken from the alert.
Objectives This study aimed to enhance a poorly functioning interruptive alert by converting it to a noninterruptive alert aiming to improve compliance with the institutional PICC dressing change protocol. The primary outcome was to measure the percentage of initial PICC dressing changes that occurred beyond the recommended 48-hour timeframe after PICC placement. Secondary outcomes included measuring the time to first dressing change and, qualitatively, if this solution could replace the manual process of maintaining a physical list of patients.
Methods A clinical informatics team met with stakeholders to evaluate the clinical workflow and identified an additional need to track which patients qualified for dressing changes. A noninterruptive patient column clinical decision support (CDS) tool was created to replace an interruptive alert. A pre–postintervention mixed-methods cohort study was conducted between January 2022 and November 2022.
Results The number of patients with overdue PICC dressing changes decreased from 21.9% (40/183) to 7.8% (10/128) of eligible patients (p < 0.001), and mean time to first PICC dressing changes also significantly decreased from 40.8 to 30.7 hours (p = 0.02). There was a universal adoption of the CDS tool, and clinicians no longer used the manual patient list.
Conclusion While previous studies have reported that noninterruptive CDS may not be as effective as interruptive CDS, this case report demonstrates that developing a population-based CDS in the patient list column that provides an additional desired functionality to clinicians may result in improved adoption of CDS.
Comparison of Sitting versus Nonsitting Position for the Resection of Brain Metastases in the Posterior Fossa in a Contemporary Cohort
Authors: Krauss Philipp , Motov Stefan , Vernik Tamara , Bonk Maximilian Niklas , Shmygalev Sergey , Kramer Katharina , Lehmberg Jens , Shiban Ehab 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background For surgery of brain metastases, good immediate postoperative functional outcome is of utmost importance. Improved functional status can enable further oncologic therapies and adverse events might delay them. Pros and cons of either sitting or prone positioning for resective surgery of the posterior fossa are debated, but contemporary data on direct postoperative outcome are rare. The aim of our study was to compare the functional outcome and adverse events of surgery for brain metastases in the sitting versus the nonsitting position in the direct postoperative setting.
Methods We retrospectively compared surgery of metastases located in the posterior fossa over a 3-year period in two level-A neurosurgical centers. Center 1 performed surgery exclusively in the sitting, while center 2 performed surgery only in the nonsitting position.
Results Worse functional outcome (Karnofsky performance scale) and functional deterioration were seen in the “sitting” group. We found significantly more “sitting” patients to deteriorate to a KPS score of ≤60%. In this study, treating patients with brain metastases in the sitting position resulted in a number needed to harm (NNH) of 2.3 and was associated with worse outcome and more adverse events.
Conclusion Therefore, we recommend the nonsitting position for surgery of brain metastases of the posterior fossa.
A Multicenter Study of Unplanned Hospital Readmissions after Transsphenoidal Surgery for Cushing's Disease
Authors: Pacult Mark A. , Karsy Michael , Evans James J. , Kim Won , Pacione Donato R. , Gardner Paul A. , Fernandez-Miranda Juan C. , Zada Gabriel , Rennert Robert C. , Silverstein Julie M. , Kim Albert H. , Kshettry Varun R. , Chicoine Michael R. , Little Andrew S. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Objectives Patients undergoing surgery for Cushing's disease may be more likely to be readmitted to the hospital than other patients with pituitary disorders. We investigated rates, causes, and predictors of unplanned readmission following transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing's disease to identify areas for clinical, financial, and administrative improvements.
Design Retrospective cohort study.
Setting Academic pituitary centers in the United States participating in a multicenter surgical outcome registry.
Participants Five hundred and nineteen patients underwent transsphenoidal surgery for treatment of Cushing's disease by 26 surgeons at nine participating institutions from 2003 to 2023.
Main Outcome Measures Unplanned 90-day readmission rates and causes of readmission.
Results Unplanned readmissions occurred in 57/519 patients (11.0%), with hyponatremia in 12/57 (21%), cerebrospinal fluid leak evaluation in 8/57 (14%), epistaxis in 6/57 (10%), deep vein thrombosis in 4/57 (7%), syncope in 3/57 (5%), and headache in 3/57 (5%). Factors including no tumor on initial magnetic resonance imaging, return to the operating room during the index admission, lack of early remission, and inpatient complications were associated with a greater probability of readmission on univariate analysis. However, none remained predictive on multivariate analysis.
Conclusion Our results show that readmission rates after transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing's disease are comparable to previously reported rates for all pituitary-related disorders, with the most common reason being hyponatremia. High-impact clinical protocols focused on preventing delayed hyponatremia may reduce the risk of readmission. Failure to identify significant predictors of readmission, even in this large clinical dataset, underscores the challenge of identifying high-risk clinical cohorts.
On-chip mid-infrared dispersive wave generation at targeted molecular absorption wavelengths
Authors: Lee Seong Cheol , Park Soobong , Suk Daewon , Hwang Joonhyuk , Ko Kiyoung , Cho Won Bae , Choi Duk-Yong , Ko Kwang-Hoon , Rotermund Fabian , Lee Hansuek 
Published: August 2024

The mid-infrared wavelength region is one of the most important spectral ranges for a variety of applications in monitoring and controlling molecules due to the presence of strong characteristic absorption modes of many molecules. Among various mid-infrared light sources, on-chip supercontinuum sources have garnered significant attention for their high spatial coherence, broad spectral bandwidth, compact size, and dispersion controllability. However, generating a supercontinuum that extends into the molecular fingerprint region typically requires high-energy mid-infrared pump pulses from complex optical systems. In contrast, supercontinuum generated with 1550 nm pump sources, which are generally more compact, has shown limited access to the molecular fingerprint region. In this study, we developed an on-chip supercontinuum source with a dispersive wave generated at a targeted wavelength of up to 4800 nm using a coupled pump energy of about 25 pJ. The pump pulses at a wavelength of 2340 nm were generated from a relatively compact Cr:ZnS laser oscillator. The wavelengths of the generated dispersive waves closely matched the numerically predicted wavelengths. To demonstrate the applicability of the generated dispersive waves for spectroscopic purposes, molecular absorption spectroscopy was performed on the fundamental vibrational modes of 12CO2, 13CO2, and N2O. In addition, their pressures were quantitatively estimated using cepstrum analysis on the measured absorption spectra. The uncertainty in the measured pressure was close to the theoretical limit determined by the uncertainties in the absorption line shape parameters in the HITRAN database, demonstrating the potential of this mid-infrared light source for advanced spectroscopic applications.