bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Case of European Monetary Integration and its Former Hegemon
Authors: Hampl Mojmír 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
There is no historical precedent for the institutional set-up of the eurozone. However, it is an arrangement that could not and cannot escape the universal laws and principles of economics. This article tries to look generally at the consequences of this integration project from the perspective of the former monetary hegemon, Germany, whose hegemony largely ended as a result of the monetary integration method chosen. Those consequences are, of course, more apparent in bad times than they were in good times. We then specifically examine the problem of convergence and divergence within a currency area and discuss the issue of competitive devaluation. In the conclusion, we try to formulate the fundamental dilemma faced by the former monetary hegemon. Its solution will affect those inside and outside the integration project.
Cloning and expression analysis of the vitellogenin gene in the scallop Chlamys farreri and the effects of estradiol‐17β on its synthesis
Authors: Qin Zhenkui , Li Yun , Sun Dapeng , Shao Mingyu , Zhang Zhifeng 
Published: November 2012

AbstractVitellogenin (VTG), the precursor of yolk protein, plays an important role during vitellogenesis and oogenesis. However, little is known about the vitellogenin gene in marine bivalves. We cloned the full‐length cDNA of Chlamys farreri vitellogenin (Cf‐vtg) using a homologous cloning strategy and rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The full‐length cDNA consisted of 7604 nucleotides with an open reading frame encoding 2296 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequence shared high similarity with the VTG of other species, particularly in the N‐terminal region. We analyzed the spatiotemporal expression of Cf‐vtg transcripts by semiquantitative and quantitative real‐time PCR. Cf‐vtg was primarily expressed in the ovary, and levels were 1.917±0.035 (mean±S.E.) and 2.570±0.252 times higher in growing and mature stages, respectively, than in the proliferative stage. There was negligible expression at the resting stage. Interestingly, we observed weak expression in the female hepatopancreas. The level was 4.50±0.90% (mean±S.E.) that in the ovary during the proliferative stage. We did not detect any expression in testis or in other tissues. Using in situ hybridization, Cf‐vtg transcripts were localized to the follicle cells surrounding the oocytes in the ovary. Moreover, synthesis of Cf‐vtg transcripts in the ovary increased when estradiol‐17β was injected in vivo into the gonads of early growing stage. We conclude that VTG synthesis is heterosynthetic in C. farreri. Also, we hypothesize that Cf‐VTG synthesis occurs primarily in the follicle cells and is mediated by estradiol‐17β.
The impact of stroke aphasia on health and well‐being and appropriate nursing interventions: an exploration using the Theory of Human Scale Development
Authors: Thompson Juliana , Mckeever Margo 
Published: November 2012

Aims and objectives.  This paper considers the impact of aphasia on health and well‐being and provides suggestions for appropriate nursing interventions.Background.  Effective communication is essential to holistic care and positive outcomes for individuals affected by aphasia. When verbal communication is absent, nurses fail to adequately use alternative strategies so that the standard of nurse/patient communication is frequently poor.Design.  This is a discursive paper which reviews relevant literature and uses the Theory of Human Scale Development as a framework for discussion.Method.  The Theory of Human Scale Development is introduced. This theory emphasises that quality of life depends as much upon self‐actualisation and relation building as on physical health. The theory is used within the discussion to highlight the significance of communication to quality of life and how its loss has profound psychological and social consequences.Results.  Aphasia results in ‘loss of self’. The situation is exacerbated by inadequate healthcare communication strategies. Suggestions are offered regarding more appropriate strategies. Efficacy of family input is considered; nursing competence regarding language practice therapies is discussed, and the ‘quest approach’ is explored. Aphasia has a negative impact on relationships by denying access to support networks, which results in isolation. The individual’s predicament is worsened by negative nursing responses. Positive nursing strategies, which alleviate effects of aphasia on individuals’ social health, are investigated. Concept analysis and self‐awareness exercises as methods of enhancing compassion skills are explored. The social model of disability is discussed to highlight the benefits to individuals of environmental adaptations. The social benefits of aphasia‐group affiliation are discussed.Conclusion.  The paper concludes by emphasising that fundamental human needs involve social and psychological as well as physical aspects.Relevance to clinical practice.  Nursing interventions must address all needs to provide holistic care in its fullest sense.
Swaustraltingis isobellae, a new genus and new species of Australian lacebug (Insecta: Heteroptera: Tingidae), with a redescription of Cysteochila cracentisDrake, and notes on the lacebug fauna of south‐west Australia
Authors: Moir Melinda L , Guilbert Eric 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAn unusual new lacebug, Swaustraltingis isobellae gen. and sp. nov., is described from south‐west Australia. We compare this new genus to other potentially closely related genera and give details of the species' ecology. S isobellae gen. and sp. nov. is flightless and host specific to the plant Empodisma gracillimum, which may indicate its potential to become threatened if its habitat is subject to disturbance or climate change which results in the local loss of this host. A key was also provided to the genera of tingids currently known in south‐west Australia and a redescription of one resident species, Cysteochila cracentis.
SPECT ventilation perfusion scanning with the addition of low‐dose CT for the investigation of suspected pulmonary embolism
Authors: Ling I. T. , Naqvi H. A. , Siew T. K. , Loh N. K. , Ryan G. F. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractSingle‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) ventilation perfusion (V/Q) scanning with low‐dose computed tomography (LDCT) is an emerging imaging technique for investigation of suspected pulmonary embolism (PE). We aimed to estimate diagnostic utility of the combined technique using results from all patients referred in 2009 compared with final diagnosis and 6‐month follow‐up status. PE was diagnosed in 28 of 106 patients (26%), including in 2 of 80 (2%) with negative SPECT V/Q and LDCT. The estimated negative predictive value of SPECT V/Q for PE was 97%. LDCT was abnormal in 43 (41%) patients, including 41 patients who had negative SPECT V/Q. In 29 (27%) patients, LDCT provided information on alternative pathologies that accounted for presenting symptoms, and the combined technique had a diagnostic yield of 52%.
The effect of coachwhip presence on body size ofNorthAmerican racers suggests competition between these sympatric snakes
Authors: Steen D. A. , McClure C. J. W. , Smith L. L. , Halstead B. J. , Dodd C. K. , Sutton W. B. , Lee J. R. , Baxley D. L. , Humphries W. J. , Guyer C. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWhen sympatric species compete, character divergence may help maintain coexistence. Snakes are often found in species‐rich assemblages while exploiting similar resources; because snake body size is a relatively plastic trait that determines the range of prey sizes an individual may consume, divergence in body size between sympatric species may arise as a result of interspecific interactions. TheNorthAmerican racer,Coluber constrictor, and the larger coachwhip,Coluber flagellum, have a close taxonomic relationship and similar foraging strategies. Therefore, we hypothesized thatC. constrictorwould be smaller where they co‐occur withC. flagellum, as compared to whereC. flagellumis absent, throughout the southeastern extent of their range. To evaluate this hypothesis, we obtained data on body size for 2321 adultC. constrictorand 526 adultC. flagellum, along with habitat data and other potentially important factors influencing body size.Coluber constrictorwas smaller than elsewhere when in peninsularFlorida, in pine forests, on hydric soils and in the presence of the larger and potentially competingC. flagellum. Body size ofC. flagellumdid not vary by any measured habitat variables. The trends we documented are consistent with the hypothesis thatC. constrictorbody size is influenced by several variables, including co‐occurrence withC. flagellum.
Lower extremity bone mineral density in children with congenital spinal dysfunction
Authors: HAAS ROCHELLE E , KECSKEMETHY HEIDI H , LOPICCOLO MARIA A , HOSSAIN JOBAYER , DY ROCHELLE T , BACHRACH STEVEN J 
Published: November 2012

Aim To assess lower extremity bone mineral density (BMD) of children with congenital spinal dysfunction and examine factors that may influence BMD in this population.Method Forty‐four children (25 females, 19 males) aged 6 to 18 years (mean 11y 11mo, SD 3y 6mo) with congenital spinal dysfunction (35 with myelomeningocele, seven with lipomas, one with sacral agenesis, one with caudal regression) were enrolled in the study. A health survey including ambulatory status, history of bladder augmentation, and history of fracture was administered. Each participant had a physical examination including Tanner stage and neurological level. Dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry scans of the lateral distal femur (LDF) and, when possible, lumbar spine were obtained. We reported LDF BMD results as z‐scores for three regions of interest (metaphyseal, metadiaphyseal, and diaphyseal). Univariable and multivariable analyses examined relationships between LDF BMD and the other variables.Results BMD was significantly related to ambulatory status (14 non‐ambulatory, 15 partly ambulatory, 15 fully ambulatory) and neurological level (13 with low‐level lesions, 15 medium‐level, 16 high‐level) in the univariable analysis (p<0.01 for both in all three regions). Neither history of fracture, nor Tanner stage, nor history of bladder augmentation showed a significant relationship to BMD. The significance of ambulatory status and neurological level in the univariable analysis failed to persist in the multivariable analysis of this study with a small sample size.Interpretation The LDF measurement proved to be a viable technique for assessing BMD in children with congenital spinal dysfunction. LDF BMD was sensitive to differences in three categories of ambulation. The overall influence of neurological level was not deemed as important as ambulation.
Clinical Features of New Daily Persistent Headache in a Tertiary Outpatient Population
Authors: Li Nan , Wang Jing , Huang Qingqing , Tan Ge , Chen Lixue , Zhou Jiying 
Published: November 2012

ObjectiveTo analyze the clinical features of new daily persistent headache (NDPH) in the neurological outpatient clinic of a tertiary hospital in China.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted between July and December 2011 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. All consecutive patients who cited headache as their chief complaint were asked to participate in a face‐to‐face interview by a qualified headache specialist through a detailed headache questionnaire, and the diagnosis of NDPH was according to the modified version criteria of the International Classification of Headache Disorders.ResultsA total of 38 were diagnosed as NDPH among 1219 patients with headache, including 20 women and 18 men. The mean age was 42.1 years. The duration of headache ranged from 3 months to 30 years. Headache location was bilateral in 84.2% of the patients. The intensity of pain was mainly described as mild and moderate. Nausea occurred in 21.1% of the patients, vomiting in 5.3%, photophobia in 15.8%, phonophobia in 10.5%, and vertigo in 18.4%. Seventy‐nine percent of the patients were able to pinpoint the exact month when their headache started. Trigger factors were noted in 47.4% of the patients, which consisted of stressful life events, flu‐like illnesses, surgeries, and some other reasons. Twenty‐six patients were able to be followed up by telephone, and 16 had good outcomes.ConclusionsNDPH is underrecognized in China. This study outlines the clinical features of patients with NDPH in a tertiary outpatient population. Better education among physicians is needed urgently so as to improve the diagnosis and treatment of NDPH.
Tenosynoviotomy for Sepsis of the Digital Flexor Tendon Sheath in 9 Horses
Authors: Mc Nally Turlough P. , Slone Donnie E. , Hughes Faith E. , Lynch Timothy M. 
Published: November 2012

ObjectiveTo describe a tenosynoviotomy technique for treatment of sepsis of the digital flexor tendon sheath (DFTS) in horses and report long‐term outcome.Study DesignCase series.AnimalsHorses (n = 9).MethodsHorses were positioned in lateral recumbency with the affected limb uppermost. A linear incision was made just lateral to the mesotenon beginning 5 cm proximal to the apices of the proximal sesamoid bones, extending 2 cm distal to the bifurcation of the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT). The incision was continued through the skin, subcutaneous tissue, palmar/plantar annular ligament, andDFTS. Tenotomy of the distal lateral branch of theSDFTwas also performed. The site was thoroughly debrided, lavaged, and packed with gauze and allowed to heal by second intention. Follow‐up was obtained via owner telephone interview.ResultsMean surgery time was 32 minutes (range, 10–64 minutes). Systemic antibiotics were administered postoperatively (range, 11–46 days; mean, 23 days). Mean hospitalization was 11 days (range, 0–49 days). Follow‐up was available for 7 (70%) horses. One year postoperatively, 5 (71%) horses were serviceable for their intended use, and 2 (29%) had been euthanatized. Of 5 survivors, 3 returned to ridden exercise, 1 was retired as a broodmare, and 1 was a broodmare. All owners were satisfied with the cosmetic appearance of the surgery site.ConclusionOpen drainage via tenosynoviotomy, performed as a salvage procedure, represents a feasible treatment forDFTSsepsis.
Are All Ratings Created Equal? The Impact of Issuer Size on the Pricing of Mortgage‐Backed Securities
Authors: HE JIE (JACK) , QIAN JUN (QJ) , STRAHAN PHILIP E. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTInitial yields on both AAA‐rated and non‐AAA rated mortgage‐backed security (MBS) tranches sold by large issuers are higher than yields on similar tranches sold by small issuers during the market boom years of 2004 to 2006. Moreover, the prices of MBS sold by large issuers drop more than those sold by small issuers, and the differences are concentrated among tranches issued during 2004 to 2006. These results suggest that investors price the risk that large issuers received more inflated ratings than small issuers, especially during boom periods.
The Socio‐Technical Alliance: Bringing New Tools to the Design of Policies Aimed to Promote Social Inclusion
Authors: Garrido Santiago , Lalouf Alberto 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn this article, we analyze the links between some cases of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil (WCO) and the passing of the Biofuels Act by the Argentinean parliament. The analysis is guided by a theoretical–methodological approach based on tools drawn from the social studies of technology field.The employment of eatable crops in the biofuel industry sparked a global debate concerning the drawbacks. Critics argue that it deepens the capital‐intensive monoculture agricultural production, driving away small farmers and peasants from their lands.Far from these debates, in southern Buenos Aires Province, there were alternative biodiesel production experiences whose main objective was providing solutions to social and environmental problems. After the Biofuels Act was passed, the new scenario posed unprecedented challenges.The socio‐technical approach allowed operating a systemic interpretation of these processes, bringing new insights to explain the construction of sustainability—or impracticality—of technological policies aimed to promote social inclusion.
Collective Remittances and Migrant-State Collaboration in Mexico and El Salvador
Authors: Burgess Katrina 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAs part of an emerging research agenda on the political impact of remittances in high-migration countries, this article explores the conditions under which organized migrants are likely to engage in transnational public-private partnerships with their home governments through a comparison of Mexico and El Salvador. Both countries have well-organized migrants who have cofinanced community projects back home. But this collaboration has been more sustained, multifaceted, and negotiated in Mexico than in El Salvador. These outcomes are linked to four factors: the density and type of migrant organizations, the territorial distribution of state authority and resources, the extent and nature of diaspora outreach, and legacies of state-society relations. The article discusses how this framework might be applied to other high-migration countries and whether there is room for agency in creating more favorable conditions for migrant-state collaboration.
Migration and Distributive Politics: The Political Economy of Mexico's 3×1 Program
Authors: Meseguer Covadonga , Aparicio Francisco Javier 
Published: November 2012

AbstractMexico's 3 × 1 Program for Migrants is a matching grant scheme that seeks to direct the money sent by migrant organizations abroad to the provision of public and social infrastructure and to productive projects in migrants’ communities of origin. To this end, the municipal, state, and federal administrations match the amount sent by hometown associations by 3 to 1. This article explores the impact on the operation of the 3 × 1 of a particular facet of Mexican political life: its recent democratization and the increasing political fragmentation at the municipal level. The study finds a lower provision of public projects in jurisdictions where a high number of political parties compete. This finding casts doubt on the claim that policy interventions such as the 3 × 1 Program actually improve local public goods provision at the local level under increasing political competition.
Variability in Diagnosing Creutzfeldt–Jakob Disease Using Standard and Proposed Diagnostic Criteria
Authors: Newey C. R. , Sarwal A. , Wisco D. , Alam S. , Lederman R. J. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTINTRODUCTIONCreutzfeldt‐Jakob disease (CJD) is a rapidly progressive dementia with a median survival of 2‐14 months. The diagnosis can only be made accurately by biopsy/autopsy. However, this is not always feasible or desirable. Thus, diagnostic criteria have been proposed by UCSF, European MRI‐CJD Consortium, and WHO. We will compare these criteria.PATIENTS AND METHODSRetrospective study of 31 patients (average age of 69.2 years) between 2003 to 2010 by ICD9 codes 046.1, 046.11, and 046.19.RESULTSAll patients presented with rapidly progressive dementia (mean duration of 4.25 months). Pyramidal and extrapyramidal findings, myoclonus, cerebellar changes, akinetic mutism, and visual disturbances were observed in 6.5‐48.4%. Five had periodic pattern on EEG. CSF biomarker 14‐3‐3 was positive in 11. Tau was positive in 6. Neuron specific enolase was positive in 9. By consensus (kappa = 0.62), MRI was “typical” of CJD in 23 with cortical ribboning (n = 16), basal ganglia hyperintensity (n = 15), or combination (n = 8). By WHO criteria, which does not include neuroimaging, CJD was diagnosed in 10, but 14 if any CSF biomarker was used (p = NS). The UCSF criteria, which does not include CSF biomarkers, diagnosed 18 cases, and the European MRI‐CJD Consortium, which includes neuroimaging and CSF biomarkers but with less neurological signs, diagnosed 23 cases (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively). CJD‐mimics included urosepsis, neurosarcoidosis, idiopathic left temporal lobe epilepsy, alcohol intoxication, central nervous system vasculitis, viral encephalitis, and non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma.CONCLUSIONThis study illustrates the variability in diagnosing CJD and emphasizes the diagnostic utility of neuroimaging. It also highlights false‐positives that occur with neuroimaging.
Victorian Instincts: Anthony Trollope and the Philosophy of Law
Authors: Van Dam Frederik 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis essay attempts to chart one of the ways in which the philosophy of law informed the Victorian novel by situating two of Anthony Trollope’s later novels in the context of contemporary jurisprudential debates. Trollope’sThe Eustace Diamonds(1873) andJohn Caldigate(1879) push the discourse of legal hermeneutics to its epistemological limits and offer the concept of conscience as an alternative to that of intention. As such, Trollope is drawing on a popular understanding of the legal notion of equity, although he qualifies its influence by contrasting conscience to both instinct and knowingness. These concepts focus on ends only, which aligns them with natural law. Trollope’s representation of positive law does not offer a way out, since positive law seems to exercise a violence that can always be justified retrospectively. A solution to the problem of legal violence lies in the fact that Trollope embeds his conceptualization of conscience in the vocabulary of the sublime and perfection. These models resemble what Walter Benjamin has defined as divine violence and find formal expression in the rhythm that Trollope’s novels create between free indirect speech and narratorial intervention.
Fichte, Carlyle and the British Literary Reception of German Idealism
Authors: Andrews Kit 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis article reconsiders the relationship of Carlyle’s Sartor Resartus to German Idealism in light of Frederick Beiser’s revaluation of Fichte’s influence on early German Romanticism in German Idealism: The Struggle against Subjectivism (2002). Beiser claims that for Novalis, Hölderlin, and Friedrich Schlegel, “drama and novel became the only proper medium to explore and resolve philosophical problems.” I argue that Carlyle, like these writers, found in the representation of particular lives a unique literary form through which to further develop Fichte’s efforts to ground philosophical truth in individual moral action. In particular, the role of the fictional editor in Sartor Resartus foregrounds Carlyle’s Fichtean effort to work through the correspondences of his imagined German Idealist philosopher Diogenes Teufelsfdröckh’s biography and philosophy.