bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Informal Caregivers and Social Participation of People With Dementia
Authors: Palaza Abigail , Bouldin Erin D , Miyawaki Christina E , Palumbo Mary Val , Gell Nancy M 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Social participation is associated with increased quality of life and well-being but declines following the onset of dementia. Informal caregivers may facilitate social participation among people with dementia. This study aims to identify characteristics of informal caregivers associated with social participation of people with dementia in valued activities.

Research Design and Methods
This cross-sectional study used data from the 2011, 2015, and 2017 National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) and the National Study of Caregiving. NHATS respondents with possible or probable dementia and an informal caregiver were included (N = 1,060). Respondents were asked whether they participated in each of 5 social activities during the past month. Valued activities were considered somewhat or very important. Survey-weighted logistic regression models were computed to identify characteristics of primary informal caregivers associated with participation of people with dementia in social activities.

Results
Social participation of people with dementia was not independently associated with sociodemographic variables or relationship to the primary caregiver (spouse/partner, adult child, or other relative/nonrelative). Social participation of primary caregivers was associated with increased participation of people with dementia in the same activity for visiting friends/family (odds ratio [OR] = 1.88, p = .016), attending religious services (OR = 4.82, p &lt; .001), and volunteering (OR = 3.25, p = .015), whereas greater caregiver external support was associated with increased participation of people with dementia in organized activities (OR = 1.37, p = .022).

Discussion and Implications
Assets of informal primary caregivers found to promote social participation of people with dementia include traveling to the person with dementia’s home, being socially active themselves, and utilizing support services.
Dynamic evolution of West Gondwana inferred from crustal anisotropy of the South American platform
Authors: Feng Mei , An Meijian , Zang Hulin , Assumpção Marcelo S , Bianchi Marcelo B , França George S , Rocha Marcelo P , Bettucci Leda S , Chaves Carlos A 
Published: August 2024

SUMMARYThe amalgamation and breakup of the West Gondwana shaped the South American platform. The dynamics during the processes can be reflected by crust anisotropy of the platform, but there are no specialized crustal anisotropic measurements yet. Splitting analysis of Moho-converted shear waves in P-wave receiver functions (Pms) can reveal crustal-scale anisotropy, which is important for understanding the dynamic evolution of the crust and for the interpretation of mantle anisotropy from splitting analysis of core–mantle refracted shear waves (XKS phases). This study measured crustal anisotropy for the old and stable South American platform by Pms splitting analysis. The splitting times vary mainly in the range of 0–0.5 s, with a regional mean of 0.2 s, slightly lower than that observed in tectonically active regions. The detected crustal anisotropy shows distinct characteristics and spatial zoning, providing insights into tectonic processes. (1) Fast polarization directions at stations close to the Transbrasiliano Lineament (TBL) are oriented NNE–SSW, generally consistent with the strike of the TBL but inconsistent with the maximum horizontal compressive stress, implying that they might be formed by dynamic metamorphism during the formation of the TBL. (2) Crustal anisotropy along the passive continental margin in the east and northeast is weak. Still, the fast polarization directions tend to be oriented along the margin, implying the existence of fossil extensional crustal fabrics formed during the continental rifting of West Gondwana. (3) The Paraná Basin, one of the world's largest Large Igneous Provinces (LIP) covered by continental flood basalts, shows distinctively strong anisotropy, with fast polarization directions highly aligned with mantle anisotropy, implying that synchronous crust–mantle deformation occurred in these regions as a result of magmatism during the breakup of West Gondwana.
Comparing geophysical inversion and petrophysical measurements for northern Victoria Land, Antarctica
Authors: Lowe Maximilian , Jordan Tom , Ebbing Jörg , Koglin Nikola , Ruppel Antonia , Moorkamp Max , Läufer Andreas , Green Chris , Liebsch Jonas , Ginga Mikhail , Larter Robert 
Published: August 2024

SUMMARYBedrock geology from Antarctica remains largely unknown since it is hidden beneath thick ice sheets. Geophysical methods such as gravity and magnetic inverse modelling provide a framework to infer crustal rock properties indirectly in Antarctica. However, due to limited availability of rock samples, validation against direct geological information is challenging. We present a new rock property catalogue containing density and susceptibility measurements on 320 rock samples from northern Victoria Land. This catalogue is used to assess the reliability of local and regional scale inverse results, including a new local high resolution magnetic inversion in the Mesa Range region and a previously published regional scale joint inversion of gravity and magnetic data in northern Victoria Land and the Wilkes Subglacial Basin. We compare our density and susceptibility measurements to global and local measurements from the literature to access the correlation to rock types and geological units. Furthermore, the measured values are compared against inverted values. The close correspondence between inverted and measured rock properties allows us to predict locations of rock types where currently such information is missing. The utility of measured susceptibility and density relationships for interpreting inversion output provides a strong incentive to incorporate local rock samples into geophysical studies of subglacial geology across Antarctica.
Hurricane Irma Linked to Coral Skeletal Density Shifts on the Florida Keys Reef Tract
Authors: Aliyah Griffith , Jose Sanchez Gomez , Karl Castillo 
Published: August 2024

Synopsis
Coral reefs are at risk due to various global and local anthropogenic stressors that impact the health of reef ecosystems worldwide. The most recent climate models predict that climate change will increase the frequency and intensity of tropical storms. This increased storm occurrence and strength will likely compromise coral reef structures and habitats for reef-dwelling organisms, including across the Florida Keys Reef Tract (FKRT), the most extensive tropical reef system along the US coast. While several recent studies reveal the chronic impacts of tropical storms on corals, relatively little is known about the effects of major storm events on coral growth and how these effects vary over spatiotemporal scales. Here, I characterize the skeletal growth of two common Caribbean reef-building coral species, Siderastrea siderea and Pseudodiploria strigosa, before and after Hurricane Irma to investigate the storm’s impact on coral skeletal growth on inner and outer reefs of the FKRT. Coral cores were extracted from both species at four inner and four outer reef sites in May 2015, before Hurricane Irma struck the Florida Keys in September 2017. Subsequently, 33 micro-cores were collected in May 2019, two years after the storm traversed our previously cored coral colonies. A three-way ANOVA model with storm, species, and reef location as the three factors was used to assess the impact of the storm on each of three growth parameters: skeletal density, linear extension, and calcification rates. Results reveal no difference in the coral annual skeletal growth parameters pre- and post-Hurricane Irma, although previously quantified differences in these growth parameters across species and location were observed. However, analysis of the “yearly” change in annual skeletal growth parameters showed significant differences in skeletal density across groups before and after Hurricane Irma, but not for linear extension and calcification rates. Our findings improve an understanding of the impacts of tropical storms on coral skeletal growth and offer new insights into how we can employ corals’ innate growth capacities to help conserve coral reefs under climate change.
Identifying optimal dosing strategies for meropenem in the paediatric intensive care unit through modelling and simulation
Authors: Morales Junior Ronaldo , Mizuno Tomoyuki , Paice Kelli M , Pavia Kathryn E , Hambrick H Rhodes , Tang Peter , Jones Rhonda , Gibson Abigayle , Stoneman Erin , Curry Calise , Kaplan Jennifer , Tang Girdwood Sonya 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Meropenem, a β-lactam antibiotic commonly prescribed for severe infections, poses dosing challenges in critically ill patients due to highly variable pharmacokinetics.

Objectives
We sought to develop a population pharmacokinetic model of meropenem for critically ill paediatric and young adult patients.

Patients and methods
Paediatric intensive care unit patients receiving meropenem 20–40 mg/kg every 8 h as a 30 min infusion were prospectively followed for clinical data collection and scavenged opportunistic plasma sampling. Nonlinear mixed effects modelling was conducted using Monolix®. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to provide dosing recommendations against susceptible pathogens (MIC ≤ 2 mg/L).

Results
Data from 48 patients, aged 1 month to 30 years, with 296 samples, were described using a two-compartment model with first-order elimination. Allometric body weight scaling accounted for body size differences. Creatinine clearance and percentage of fluid balance were identified as covariates on clearance and central volume of distribution, respectively. A maturation function for renal clearance was included. Monte Carlo simulations suggested that for a target of 40% fT &gt; MIC, the most effective dosing regimen is 20 mg/kg every 8 h with a 3 h infusion. If higher PD targets are considered, only continuous infusion regimens ensure target attainment against susceptible pathogens, ranging from 60 mg/kg/day to 120 mg/kg/day.

Conclusions
We successfully developed a population pharmacokinetic model of meropenem using real-world data from critically ill paediatric and young adult patients with an opportunistic sampling strategy and provided dosing recommendations based on the patients’ renal function and fluid status.
Racializing Print Capitalism in the Transimperial Pacific: “The Printers Fear the Invasion of the Yellow Peril”
Authors: Hsiung Hansun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This article uses the Victorian Master Printers’ Association of Australia’s 1908 protest against Japanese print artifacts as a backdrop against which to rethink print capitalism’s relationship to race. First, rather than national imaginaries, I demonstrate that flows of print capital illuminate the formation of racialized class identities across a transimperially contested Pacific. Second, I argue that to better understand print capitalism, historians might direct their attention away from novels and newspapers, and instead toward the political economy of “jobbing”—the production of cards, envelopes, labels, posters, menus, and other non-codex print artifacts. Jobbing’s political economy spanned a network of Pacific port towns including Yokohama, Melbourne, and San Francisco. The uneven development of lithographic expertise essential to modern jobbing placed Japan in the position of offering finely printed designs for lower costs, leading American print shop owners to subcontract with Japanese artisans to produce works for Australian markets. It was these artifacts—advertisements, handbooks, placards, and other sales ephemera bearing Australian names and imagery, but made in Japan—that the VMPA protested. These protests crystallized in a “locative demand”: that printed artifacts attest to their original location of manufacture, and that this identity be used to regulate print circulation in a manner parallel to restrictions on non-white immigration. In this manner, jobbing in the Pacific thrust race and class into the limelight as mechanisms of reterritorialization that would resolve contradictions posed by the tangled transnational vectors of print capital itself.
Unveiling the structural content of NGC 6357 via kinematics and NIR variability
Authors: Ordenes-Huanca C , Zoccali M , Bayo A , Cuadra J , Contreras Ramos R , Rojas-Arriagada A 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
NGC 6357, a star-forming complex at $\sim 1.7$ kpc from the Sun, contains giant molecular clouds and three prominent star clusters alongside H ii regions, very massive stars and thousands of young stellar objects in different evolutionary stages. We present a combined infrared kinematic and time domain study of the line of sight towards this region enabled by the VVVX survey. In terms of kinematics, a novel discovery emerges an asymmetrical distribution in the vector point diagram. Some stars in the sample exhibit spatial proximity to dusty regions, with their proper motions aligned with filament projections, hinting at a younger population linked to triggered star formation. However, this distribution could also stem from an asymmetric stellar expansion event within NGC 6357, warranting further investigation. Comparing these data with Gaia revealed inconsistencies likely due to high-extinction levels in the region. Additionally, owing to accretion episodes and surface cool spots, young stars display high variability. Using the $K_{\rm s}$-band time series data, we overcome the extreme levels of extinction towards the region, and compile a catalogue of 774 infrared light curves of young stars. Each light curve has been characterized in terms of asymmetry and periodicity, to infer the dominant underlying physical mechanism. These findings are then correlated with evolutionary stages, aiming to uncover potential age disparities among the observed stars. This study contributes to our understanding the intricate dynamics and evolutionary processes within NGC 6357, offering valuable insights into the formation and development of stellar populations within such complex environments.
PCIS1, Encoded by a Pentatricopeptide Protein Co-expressed Gene, Is Required for Splicing of Three Mitochondrial nad Transcripts in Angiosperms
Authors: Frink Brody , Burger Matthias , Yarkoni Maya , Shevtsov-Tal Sofia , Zer Hagit , Yamaoka Shohei , Ostersetzer-Biran Oren , Takenaka Mizuki 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Group II introns are large catalytic RNAs, which reside mainly within genes encoding respiratory complex I (CI) subunits in angiosperms’ mitochondria. Genetic and biochemical analyses led to the identification of many nuclear-encoded factors that facilitate the splicing of the degenerated organellar introns in plants. Here, we describe the analysis of the pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) co-expressed intron splicing-1 (PCIS1) factor, which was identified in silico by its co-expression pattern with many PPR proteins. PCIS1 is well conserved in land plants but has no sequence similarity with any known protein motifs. PCIS1 mutant lines are arrested in embryogenesis and can be maintained by the temporal expression of the gene under the embryo-specific ABI3 promoter. The pABI3::PCIS1 mutant plants display low germination and stunted growth phenotypes. RNA-sequencing and quantitative RT-PCR analyses of wild-type and mutant plants indicated that PCIS1 is a novel splicing cofactor that is pivotal for the maturation of several nad transcripts in Arabidopsis mitochondria. These phenotypes are tightly associated with respiratory CI defects and altered plant growth. Our data further emphasize the key roles of nuclear-encoded cofactors that regulate the maturation and expression of mitochondrial transcripts for the biogenesis of the oxidative phosphorylation system, and hence for plant physiology. The discovery of novel splicing factors other than typical RNA-binding proteins suggests further complexity of splicing mechanisms in plant mitochondria.
Severe haematological involvement in children with systemic lupus erythematosus and clinical associations
Authors: Kisaoglu Hakan , Sener Seher , Demirbas Kaan Can , Yigit Yasemin Demir , Garipcin Pinar , Coşkun Serkan , Kacmaz Hatice Melisa , Kisla Ekinci Rabia Miray , Ozturk Kubra , Koker Oya , Ucak Kubra , Tuncez Serife , Kilbas Gulsah , Karacayir Nihal , Baykal Gulcan Ozomay , Taskın Sema Nur , Bozkaya Burcu , Baba Ozge , Demir Selcan , Basaran Ozge , Sahin Sezgin , Baglan Esra , Sahin Nihal , Gungorer Vildan , Kısaarslan Aysenur Pac , Sozeri Betul , Yuksel Selcuk , Bakkaloglu Sevcan , Balat Ayse , Gurgoze Metin Kaya , Kasapcopur Ozgur , Ozen Seza , Kalyoncu Mukaddes 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the severe haematological involvement in children with SLE and assess its clinical associations, treatments, outcome and damage accrual.

Methods
The medical charts of children with SLE in whom haematological involvement was observed were reviewed. Severe haematological indices were defined as autoimmune haemolytic anaemia with a haemoglobin concentration &lt; 8 g/dL, thrombocyte count &lt; 30 000/µL, and neutrophil count &lt; 500/µL.

Results
Among the 224 patients included, 102 (45.5%) displayed severe indices, predominantly at the initial involvement, and most frequently as severe anaemia in 54 (24.1%) and severe thrombocytopenia in 45 (20.1%). Disease activity did not differ according to the presence of severe disease indices. In addition, the presence of severe indices at initial involvement did not affect the damage accrual. However, a higher rate of damage (51.1% vs. 29.9%, p = 0.002) and steroid-induced damage (28.9% vs. 8.2%, p &lt; 0.001) was evident in patients with flares of the haematological system. Regression analysis revealed that rituximab treatment during the initial episode (OR:4.5, p = 0.006) and the presence of anticardiolipin antibodies (OR:2.3, p = 0.014) significantly increases the odds for haematological system flare. However, severe indices at initial involvement did not increase the odds of a haematological flare.

Conclusion
Severe haematological indices at onset are common but not related with disease outcomes. Prevention of flares is important to improve outcomes, and a more rigorous maintenance strategy would benefit most to children who display haematological indices refractory to conventional immunosuppressants and those with anti-cardiolipin antibodies.
Quercetin alleviates 6-OHDA-caused apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells
Authors: Pakrashi Sourav , Chakraborty Joyeeta , Bandyopadhyay Jaya 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Aim
This study is primarily designed to investigate the potential neuroprotective effects of polyphenol against 6-OHDAcaused neurotoxicity on SH-SY5Y cells.

Materials and Methods
Cytotoxic effect of 6-OHDA and valuable role of quercetin, myricetin and kaempferol on SH-SY5Y cells were analyzed by MTT assay. Generation of 6-OHDA-stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured using DCFDA fluorescence dye. Alteration of 6-OHDA-caused mitochondrial membrane potential and nuclear condensation was investigated with the help of rhodamine-123 and hoechest stain. Immunoblotting was performed to detect the expression level of 6-OHDA-caused alpha-synuclein (á-syn), Bcl-2 associated protein X (BAX), caspase 3, cleaved Poly ADP – ribose polymerase (PARP) and Bcell lymphoma 2 proteins (Bcl-2).

Result
Through MTT assay, quercetin was selected over myricetin and kaempferol to counter 6-OHDA-caused cell death. The research delves into unraveling the intricate mechanisms underlying 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity, encompassing alterations in cellular morphology, escalation of oxidative stress, perturbation in mitochondrial membrane potential, and nuclear condensation. Exposure to 6-OHDA is implicated in the upregulation of á-syn protein, contributing to the aggravation of neurotoxicity. Concurrently, 6-OHDA orchestrates the apoptotic pathway by upregulating the expression of proapoptotic proteins such as BAX, caspase 3, and PARP, while down regulating the expression of the Bcl-2, affirming its role in apoptosis induction. Quercetin demonstrated ability to attenuate the expression of á-syn in the presence of 6-OHDA-caused injury in SH-SY5Y cells.

Conclusion
Taken together, these findings collectively underscore the therapeutic potential of quercetin as a promising agent against neurotoxicity caused by 6-OHDA.
Taurine exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects against pyraclostrobin exposure in rats
Authors: Serim Ibrahim , Demirel Hasan Huseyin , Zemheri-Navruz Fahriye , Ince Sinan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Pyraclostrobin, a strobilurin-derived fungicide, causes oxidative stress and DNA damage in the organism. Taurine plays an important role in metabolic processes such as osmoregulatory, cytoprotective, and antioxidant effects. The study aimed to investigate the protective effect of taurine in Sprague Dawley male rats exposed to pyraclostrobin. The rats were separated into 6 groups and were found 8 animals in each group. Rats were given 30 mg/kg pyraclostrobin and pyraclostrobin together with three different taurine concentrations (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) via oral gavage for 28 days. While pyraclostrobin increased biochemical parameters, lipid peroxidation, and DNA damage, it decreased glutathione levels and enzyme activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase. Pyraclostrobin increased apoptotic, proinflammatory, and CYP2E1 mRNA expression levels, whereas antiapoptotic gene Bcl-2 mRNA expression levels decreased in liver tissue. Additionally, pyraclostrobin caused histopathological alterations in tissues. Taurine in a dose-dependent manner reversed the changes caused by pyraclostrobin. As a result, taurine exhibited a cytoprotective effect by showing antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic activities against oxidative damage caused by pyraclostrobin.
Interspecies Expression of an EF-HAND CALCIUM-BINDING PROTEIN in Xanthomonas perforans Leads to Reduced Virulence and Decreased Immune Evasion in Tomato Plants
Authors: Bibi Shaheen , Minsavage Gerald V. , Figueiredo J. , Timilsina Sujan , Margin Kayla , Quay Juliana , Bendure Hannah , Ryerson Elizabeth , Calloway Cliff , Andring Jacob , Subedi Aastha , McKenna Robert , Gulig Paul , Goss Erica M. , Hurlbert Jason C. , Jones Jeffrey B. 
Published: August 2024

Many phytopathogenic bacteria require a type III secretion system (TTSS) to activate effector-triggered immunity (ETI). We identified a calcium-binding protein, EfhXXfa, in the citrus pathogen Xanthomonas citri subsp. aurantifolii that does not require a TTSS to activate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and elicit a hypersensitive reaction (HR) in tomato leaves following infection. Purified, recombinant EfhXXfa was shown to bind two moles of calcium per mole of protein, whereas mutation of the first of two EF-hands did not bind calcium. EfhXXfa expression was determined to be inducible in hrp-inducing medium. Additionally, growth of X. perforans transconjugants with and without the efhXXfa gene in hrp-inducing medium differed in intracellular calcium concentration; the transconjugant without efhXXfa yielded higher cell pellet masses and higher increased intracellular calcium concentrations relative to cells expressing EfhXXfa. An EfhXXfa homolog, EfhXXe, present in the pepper pathogen X. euvesicatoria, triggered ROS production and an HR in tomato leaves when expressed in the tomato pathogen X. perforans and is a host-limiting factor. Interestingly, all tested X. perforans and X. euvesicatoria strains pathogenic on tomato contain a stop codon immediately upstream of the first EF-hand domain in the efhXXe gene, whereas most X. euvesicatoria strains pathogenic on pepper do not. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .