bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multicentre clinical study on the injection of ceftriaxone/sulbactam compared with cefoperazone/sulbactam in the treatment of respiratory and urinary tract infections
Authors: Xin Xiaojuan , Jian Li , Xia Xiaoying , Jia Bei , Huang Wenxiang , Li Chongzhi , Wang Changzheng , Zhou Lixin , Sun Xiuzhen , Tang Xinghuo , Huang Yijiang , Zhu Yunkui , Zhang Weili 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Objective
This clinical study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this therapy in the treatment of respiratory and urinary infections caused by ceftriaxone-resistant bacteria in comparison with the effect of cefoperazone/sulbactam on cefoperazone-resistant bacteria.

Methods
A total of 285 patients aged from 18 to 65 years old, with a respiratory or urinary tract bacterial infection, were enrolled into this multicentre, open-label, controlled clinical study, and bacteria that were either ceftriaxone-resistant or cefoperazone-resistant were isolated from the patients, whose condition had not improved after three days of treatment with ceftriaxone or cefoperazone. To be selected for the study, bacterial cultures obtained from the patients had to be positive before enrolment, and all of the isolates were required to be β-lactamase-positive. Of these patients, 253 completed the trial, and 263 were enrolled into the intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis. All of the 285 patients were included in the safety analysis.

Results
The cure and effective rates were 39.55% and 85.07% in the ceftriaxone/sulbactam group and 36.43% and 79.84% in the cefoperazone/sulbactam group; the bacterial eradication rates were 83.58% and 83.72%; and the adverse-event rates were 7.48% and 7.80%, respectively. There were no significant differences between the two groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusion
Ceftriaxone/sulbactam is as effective and well-tolerated as cefoperazone/sulbactam for the treatment of intermediate and severe bacterial infections caused by resistant strains.
Three-dimensional anatomy of equine incisors: tooth length, enamel cover and age related changes
Authors: Schrock Patricia , Lüpke Matthias , Seifert Hermann , Staszyk Carsten 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundEquine incisors are subjected to continuous occlusal wear causing multiple, age related changes of the extragingival crown. It is assumed that the occlusal wear is compensated by continued tooth elongation at the apical ends of the teeth. In this study, μCT-datasets offered the opportunity to analyze the three-dimensional appearance of the extra- and intraalveolar parts of the enamel containing dental crown as well as of the enamel-free dental root. Multiple morphometric measurements elucidated age related, morphological changes within the intraalveolar part of the incisors.ResultsEquine incisors possess a unique enamel cover displaying large indentations on the mesial and distal sides. After eruption tooth elongation at the apical end outbalances occlusal wear for two to four years resulting in increasing incisor length in this period of time. Remarkably, this maximum length is maintained for about ten years, up to a tooth age of 13 to 15 years post eruption. Variances in the total length of individual teeth are related to different Triadan positions (central-, middle- and corner incisors) as well as to the upper and lower arcades.ConclusionEquine incisors are able to fully compensate occlusal wear for a limited period of time. However, after this ability ceases, it is expected that a diminished intraalveolar tooth length will cause massive changes in periodontal biomechanics. The time point of these morphodynamic and biomechanical changes (13 to 15 years post eruption) occurs in coincidence with the onset of a recently described destructive disease of equine incisor (equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis) in aged horses. However, further biomechanical, cell biological and microbiological investigations are needed to elucidate a correlation between age related changes of incisor morphology and this disease.
Unraveling the characteristics of microRNA regulation in the developmental and aging process of the human brain
Authors: Li Weiguo , Chen Lina , Li Wan , Qu Xiaoli , He Weiming , He Yuehan , Feng Chenchen , Jia Xu , Zhou Yanyan , Lv Junjie , Liang Binhua , Chen Binbin , Jiang Jing 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Background
Structure and function of the human brain are subjected to dramatic changes during its development and aging. Studies have demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the regulation of brain development and have a significant impact on brain aging and neurodegeneration. However, the underling molecular mechanisms are not well understood. In general, development and aging are conventionally studied separately, which may not completely address the physiological mechanism over the entire lifespan. Thus, we study the regulatory effect between miRNAs and mRNAs in the developmental and aging process of the human brain by integrating miRNA and mRNA expression profiles throughout the lifetime.

Methods
In this study, we integrated miRNA and mRNA expression profiles in the human brain across lifespan from the network perspective. First, we chose the age-related miRNAs by polynomial regression models. Second, we constructed the bipartite miRNA-mRNA regulatory network by pair-wise correlation coefficient analysis between miRNA and mRNA expression profiles. At last, we constructed the miRNA-miRNA synergistic network from the miRNA-mRNA network, considering not only the enrichment of target genes but also GO function enrichment of co-regulated target genes.

Results
We found that the average degree of age-related miRNAs was significantly higher than that of non age-related miRNAs in the miRNA-mRNA regulatory network. The topological features between age-related and non age-related miRNAs were significantly different, and 34 reliable age-related miRNA synergistic modules were identified using Cfinder in the miRNA-miRNA synergistic network. The synergistic regulations of module genes were verified by reviewing miRNA target databases and previous studies.

Conclusions
Age-related miRNAs play a more important role than non age-related mrRNAs in the developmental and aging process of the human brain. The age-related miRNAs have synergism, which tend to work together as small modules. These results may provide a new insight into the regulation of miRNAs in the developmental and aging process of the human brain.
The role of intestinal mucosa injury induced by intra-abdominal hypertension in the development of abdominal compartment syndrome and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
Authors: Cheng Juntao , Wei Zhiyi , Liu Xia , Li Ximei , Yuan Zhiqiang , Zheng Jiang , Chen Xiaodong , Xiao Guangxia , Li Xiaoyi 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Introduction
Abdominal distension is common in critical illness. There is a growing recognition that intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) may complicate nonsurgical critical illness as well as after abdominal surgery. However, the pathophysiological basis of the injury to the intestinal mucosal barrier and its influence on the onset of abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) and multiorgan dysfunction syndrome (MODS) remain unclear. We measured intestinal microcirculatory blood flow (MBF) during periods of raised intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) and examined how this influenced intestinal permeability, systemic endotoxin release, and histopathological changes.

Methods
To test different grades of IAH to the injury of intestinal mucosa, 96 New Zealand white rabbits aged 5 to 6 months were exposed to increased IAP under nitrogen pneumoperitoneum of 15 mmHg or 25 mmHg for 2, 4 or 6 hours. MBF was measured using a laser Doppler probe placed against the jejunal mucosa through a small laparotomy. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated dextran was administered by gavage. Intestinal injury and permeability were measured using assays for serum FITC-dextran and endotoxin, respectively, after each increase in IAP. Structural injury to the intestinal mucosa at different levels of IAH was confirmed by light and transmission electron microscopy.

Results
MBF reduced from baseline by 40% when IAP was 15 mmHg for 2 hours. This doubled to 81% when IAP was 25 mmHg for 6 hours. Each indicator of intestinal injury increased significantly, proportionately with IAP elevation and exposure time. Baseline serum FITC-dextran was 9.30 (± SD 6.00) μg/ml, rising to 46.89 (±13.43) μg/ml after 15 mmHg IAP for 4 hours (P <0.01), and 284.59 (± 45.18) μg/ml after 25 mmHg IAP for 6 hours (P <0.01). Endotoxin levels showed the same pattern. After prolonged exposure to increased IAP, microscopy showed erosion and necrosis of jejunal villi, mitochondria swelling and discontinuous intracellular tight junctions.

Conclusions
Intra-abdominal hypertension can significantly reduce MBF in the intestinal mucosa, increase intestinal permeability, result in endotoxemia, and lead to irreversible damage to the mitochondria and necrosis of the gut mucosa. The dysfunction of the intestinal mucosal barrier may be one of the important initial factors responsible for the onset of ACS and MODS.
Dysfunction of alveolar macrophages after cardiac surgery and postoperative pneumonia? - an observational study
Authors: Chalk Katharina , Meisel Christian , Spies Claudia , Volk Thomas , Thuenemann Karin , Linneweber Jörg , Wernecke Klaus-Dieter , Sander Michael 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Introduction
Patients undergoing cardiac surgery have an increased risk of postoperative pneumonia. Pulmonary immune dysfunction might be a contributing factor. We therefore determined changes of the surface molecules on alveolar macrophages (AMs). To characterize modulation in patients with pneumonia we correlated these changes to the development of postoperative pneumonia.

Methods
After ethical approval and written informed consent, 33 patients undergoing elective coronary bypass grafting surgery were included in this observational study. Peripheral blood cells and alveolar lavage fluid were collected directly after induction of anesthesia and two hours after separation from cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) and toll-like receptors (TLR) 2/4 expression on monocytes and AM were assessed by flow cytometry. A total of three patients developed postoperative pneumonia determined according to the criteria of the Center of Disease Control. Statistical analysis was performed with the Mann–Whitney-U test and Wilcoxon test.

Results
We found significant changes of phenotypic and functional immune markers on AMs after cardiac surgery. HLA-DR expression on peripheral blood monocytes and AMs was significantly reduced compared to baseline in all patients (each approximately 30%). After surgery patients who developed postoperative pneumonia revealed a trend of stronger reduction of HLA-DR expression (83.7% versus 27.1%) and TLR4 expression on AMs (46.1% versus 9.9%) compared to patients without pneumonia. Already before surgery, the baseline of TLR2 expression on AM was significantly lower (27.7%) in patients who developed postoperative pneumonia.

Conclusions
As far as we know this is the first study that shows an early impairment of lung cellular immune response after cardiac surgery. These findings can help to understand the role of cell-mediated immunosuppression and its association to the development of postoperative pneumonia.
ΠΑΡΟΥΣΙΑΣΗ ΝΕΩΝ ΒΙΒΛΙΩΝ
Authors: ΜΕΝΤΖΟΥ-ΜΕΪΜΑΡΗ ΚΩΝΣΤΑΝΤΙΝΑ 
Published: December 2013

<em><div id="articleAbstract">Review of the book "Δημήτριου Κυδώνη Μετάφραση του Ψευδο-αυγουστινείου Soliloquia (Ti αν ε'ίποι ψυχή μόνη προς μόνον τον Θεόν).Είσαγωγή-Κείμενο-Εύρετήρια [Corpus Philosophorum medii aevi PhilosophiByzantini, άρ. 11]" written by Anna Koltsiou-Nikita. The book is reviewed by <em><div id="articleAbstract" style="display: inline !important;"><em><div id="articleAbstract" style="display: inline !important;">Konstantina Mentzoy-Meimari<em><div id="articleAbstract" style="display: inline !important;">.</div></em></div></em></div></em></div></em>
Case Report: Resolution of submacular haemorrhage secondary to exudative age-related macular degeneration after a single intravitreal dobesilate injection
Authors: Cuevas Pedro , Outeiriño Luis Antonio , Azanza Carlos , Angulo Javier , Giménez-Gallego Guillermo 
Published: December 2013

Introduction: Submacular haemorrhage is not an unusual cause of acute central vision loss, particularly in older people. It may be caused by a number of conditions, most common of which is exudative age-related madular degeneration. In patients affected by this type of macular degeneration, choroidal neovascularization extends into the subretinal space, producing substantial bleeding in approximately 17% of cases, resulting in large haemorrhages in the subretinal space that detach the neurosensory retina from the supporting retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) layer. This leads to substantial vision loss because of a relatively fast process of extensive photoreceptor atrophy in the overlying neuroretina and formation of macular scarsCase presentation: We describe a patient with submacular haemorrhage secondary to exudative age-related macular degeneration, treated with intravitreal injection of dobesilate. Two months later, visual acuity in the treated eye reached 0.50 with a significant improvement of the distortion and an anatomical resolution of the haemorrhage, as confirmed by optical coherence tomography.Conclusions: Submacular haemorrhage secondary to exudative age-related macular degeneration can be successfully treated with intravitreal dobesilate. To our knowledge, this is the first case reporting a resolution of submacular haemorrhage after a single dobesilate injection.
Locally extra-optimal regularizing algorithms
Authors: Leonov Alexander S. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
So-called local a posteriori accuracy estimates for approximate
solutions of ill-posed inverse problems are under
investigation. We present an approach to local a posteriori
estimation along with the numerical algorithm for calculating
the estimators. We analyze the local optimality in order of
obtained a posteriori accuracy estimates and introduce a new
important notion of locally extra-optimal regularizing
algorithm as a method for the solution of ill-posed problems
having optimal in order local a posteriori accuracy estimates.
Finally, we demonstrate the results of numerical experiments on
applications of locally extra-optimal regularizing methods,
constructed on the base of Tikhonov regularization, for
calculating local a posteriori accuracy estimates.
Multimodality’s challenge to marketing theory: A Discussion
Authors: White Paul 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis discussion challenges conventional marketing theory regarding posters and billboards in the twenty first century. It argues against the prevailing dogmatic statement that a poster or billboard must communicate its message in mere seconds (Drewniarny and Jewler 2011). It also points out that convergence of traditional media with new communication technologies is challenging the notion that posters and billboards are stillIn contrast, it proposes that assessing how people interact with billboards and posters from a mediated and multimodal discourse perspective is more useful. This involves looking at posters and billboards when they are actually in use rather than considering them only as they are present in the environment. The modal density foreground-background continuum (Norris 2004), the concept of a site of attention (Jones 2005) and the idea of the communicative space (White 2012) are multimodal discourse methodology tools that prove particularly illuminating in this context. While no empirical data is analysed as part of this discussion, mediated and multimodal discourse analysis of two specific examples from previous studies serves to illustrate the points made here.
Autopoiesis in multimedia news messages: A discussion
Authors: Stevens Meghan 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAutopoietic theory can be applied to a multimedia news story to assist in understanding the topology of the multimedia and how the multimedia message is created from the relationships between the media. In addition, when a news story is created using autopoietic principles, it helps to create a news story that is clear and coherent, and where the intended message is communicated to the target audience. Therefore autopoietic theory can be used in two ways: as a framework to analyse an existing multimedia text and as a model when creating multimedia so that the target audience interprets the message as intended.
Actionary pertinence: Space to place in kitesurfing
Authors: Geenen Jarret 
Published: December 2013

AbstractContemporary research investigating the phenomena of lifestyle sport has highlighted the centrality of space, spatiality and spatial appropriation. Lifestyle sports tend to manifest in liminal and/or unbounded spaces with practitioners drawing upon the affordances of the natural environment in new and unique ways. Simultaneously, practitioners employ continuously evolving technical tools (equipment) in the undertaking of these activities. This article articulates the ways in which the specialised equipment employed as mediational means affect the perception, interpretation and valuation of physical components of the natural and man-made environment.In this article, I introduce the notion of actionary pertinence and concept of locational element through the analysis of the ways in which general geographic areas (spaces) become actual kitesurfing locations (places) for specific social actors through mediated action and in direct connection to the mediational means through which action occurs. Drawing upon data generated through a year-long video ethnography, I argue that components of the physical environment become locational elements for specific social actors in and through mediated action. This explicitly extends theorisation regarding how mediational means affect and structure the nature of the action they mediate (Vygotsky 1978, 1987; Wertsch 1991, 1998), and extends this argument by exemplifying how mediational means also affect and structure the perception and interpretation of physical components of the environment which have a bearing on mediated action. Furthermore, I articulate the ways in which these locational elements are considered, read, re-read and interpreted in terms of their actionary pertinence. Thus, the materiality of locational elements manifests as salient and/or relevant through the bearing an element has on specific mediated actions and practices.
Effects of low intensity laser irradiation during healing of infected skin wounds in the rat
Authors: Nussbaum Ethne L. , Heras Facundo Las , Pritzker Kenneth P.H. , Mazzulli Tony , Lilge Lothar 
Published: December 2013

AbstractLow intensity laser irradiation remains a controversial treatment for non-healing wounds. This study examines the effect of low intensity light on healing of infected skin wounds in the rat.Wounds on the rat dorsum were inoculated withWounds that were irradiated using a wavelength of 635 nm (1 and 20 J/cmRed light improved healing of wounds. Only one 808-nm light protocol enhanced healing; lack of benefit using the remaining 808-nm light protocols may have been due to stimulatory effects of the light on
Simulation and experimental validation of gaps and bridging in the automated fiber placement process
Authors: Lichtinger Roland , Lacalle Javier , Hinterhölzl Roland , Beier Uwe , Drechsler Klaus 
Published: December 2013

AbstractWith the increasing demand for carbon fiber-reinforced parts in the aerospace industry, automated manufacturing methods such as automated fiber placement (AFP) are being established. To utilize AFP’s strong potential on multiple-curved surfaces such as chamfered sandwich structures, it is important to analyze and control emerging effects like gaps, bridging, and steering. An analytical relationship between path generation and effects of the AFP manufacture of chamfered sandwich structures have been found with good agreement to experimental tests. The deformation behavior of an industrially used compaction roller has been analyzed numerically and experimentally. The results show a nonuniform deformation behavior on flat and curved surfaces and the limited deformability of the compaction roller.
Treatment of Pulp Mill D‐Stage Bleaching Effluent Using a Pilot‐Scale Electrocoagulation System
Authors: Perng Yuan‐Shing , Wang Eugene I‐Chen 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACT: A pilot‐scale study was conducted using electrocoagulation technology to treat chlorine dioxide bleaching‐stage effluent of a local pulp mill, with the purpose of evaluating the treatment performance. The operating variables were the current density (0 ~ 133.3 A/m2) and hydraulic retention time (HRT, 6.5 ~ 16.25 minutes). Water quality indicators investigated were the conductivity, suspended solids (SS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), true color, and hardness. The results showed that electrocoagulation technology can be used to treat D‐stage bleaching effluent for water reuse. Under the operating conditions studied, the removal of conductivity and COD always increased with increases in either the current density or HRT. The highest removals obtained at 133.3 A/m2 and an HRT of 16.25 minutes for conductivity, SS, COD, true color, and hardness were respectively 44.2, 98.5, 75.0, 85.9, and 36.9% with aluminum electrodes. Iron electrodes were not applicable to the D‐stage effluent due to formation of dark‐colored ferric complexes.
The emergence of obesity among Australian Aboriginal children
Authors: Phillips Natalie , Henneberg Maciej , Schmitt Lincoln , Potter Caroline , Ulijaszek Stanley 
Published: December 2013

Obesity is of significant and growing concern among Australian Aboriginal children, and is linked to patterns of child growth. The aim of this paper is to show diverse patterns of growth and obesity emergence among Australian Aboriginal children using historical anthropometric data. Child growth in height, weight and body mass index (BMI) is reanalysed for children aged 2 to 19 years in Australian Aboriginal communities spanning two distinct time periods (the 1950s and 1960s; and the 1990s and 2000s) and si Xdifferent geographical locations: Yuendumu, Haast’s Bluff, Beswick, Kalumburu, Gerard, and Raukkan.
Comparisons of stature and BMI between the earlier and later years of measurement were made, and the proportion of children classified as overweight or obese by the International Obesity Task Force criteria estimated, to allow international comparison. Aboriginal children in the 1990s and 2000s were heavier, with higher BMI than those in the 1950s and 1960s, differences in height being less marked. While no children were classified as overweight or obese in the earlier period, 15% of males and 3% of females were classified so in the later period. The data suggests that the period of onset of the epidemic of overweight and obesity among rural Australian Aboriginal children was likely to have been between the 1960s and 1980s.