bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advanced Cu chemical displacement technique for SiO2-based electrochemical metallization ReRAM application
Authors: Chin Fun-Tat , Lin Yu-Hsien , You Hsin-Chiang , Yang Wen-Luh , Lin Li-Min , Hsiao Yu-Ping , Ko Chum-Min , Chao Tien-Sheng 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
This study investigates an advanced copper (Cu) chemical displacement technique (CDT) with varying the chemical displacement time for fabricating Cu/SiO2-stacked resistive random-access memory (ReRAM). Compared with other Cu deposition methods, this CDT easily controls the interface of the Cu-insulator, the switching layer thickness, and the immunity of the Cu etching process, assisting the 1-transistor-1-ReRAM (1T-1R) structure and system-on-chip integration. The modulated shape of the Cu-SiO2 interface and the thickness of the SiO2 layer obtained by CDT-based Cu deposition on SiO2 were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The CDT-fabricated Cu/SiO2-stacked ReRAM exhibited lower operation voltages and more stable data retention characteristics than the control Cu/SiO2-stacked sample. As the Cu CDT processing time increased, the forming and set voltages of the CDT-fabricated Cu/SiO2-stacked ReRAM decreased. Conversely, decreasing the processing time reduced the on-state current and reset voltage while increasing the endurance switching cycle time. Therefore, the switching characteristics were easily modulated by Cu CDT, yielding a high performance electrochemical metallization (ECM)-type ReRAM.
The metastasis promoting protein S100A4 levels associate with disease activity rather than cancer development in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies
Authors: Pleštilová Lenka , Mann Heřman , Andrés Cerezo Lucie , Pecha Ondřej , Vencovský Jiří , Šenolt Ladislav 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Introduction
The aim was to evaluate S100A4 protein as a biomarker of disease activity and potential cancer development in patients with myositis.

Methods
Serum levels of S100A4 were determined in 43 dermatomyositis (DM), 39 polymyositis (PM) and 22 cancer associated myositis (CAM) patients as well as in 77 healthy controls. The associations between S100A4 levels, inflammation, disease activity, muscle strength and cancer development were evaluated.

Results
All myositis patients had significantly higher serum levels of S100A4 protein compared to healthy controls (median (IQR): 31.5 (17.4 to 59.5) versus 23.8 (14.5 to 33.7) ng/ml, P <0.05). In patients with PM, serum levels of S100A4 protein were significantly higher than in healthy controls (41.6 (24.2 to 123.1) versus 23.8 (14.5 to 33.7) ng/ml; P <0.001) as well as in patients with DM (26.7 (11.3 to 47.5) ng/ml; P <0.05). The levels of S100A4 were comparable between myositis with and without cancer. In all myositis patients, serum S100A4 levels correlated with MYOsitis disease ACTivity assessment (MYOACT) score (r = 0.34; P = 0.001), constitutional (r = 0.30; P = 0.003), pulmonary (r = 0.43; P = 0.0001) and extramuscular disease activity (r = 0.36; P = 0.0001), as well as with creatine phosphokinase (r = 0.27; P = 0.015) and lactate dehydrogenase (r = 0.37; P = 0.002) or c-reactive protein (CRP) levels (r = 0.24; P = 0.038). Multiple regression analysis showed significant association between S100A4 serum levels and extramuscular disease activity (β = 0.552; P = 0.002) in PM patients and with MYOACT (β = 0.557; P = 0.003) and CRP levels (β = 0.391; P = 0.029) in DM patients.

Conclusions
Circulating levels of S100A4 are elevated in patients with myositis and associate with several disease activity parameters, particularly with extramuscular components. No relation between S100A4 levels and presence of cancer associated myositis was found.
Increased Risk for Depression After Breast Cancer: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study of Associated Factors in Denmark, 1998-2011
Authors: Suppli Nis P. , Johansen Christoffer , Christensen Jane , Kessing Lars V. , Kroman Niels , Dalton Susanne O. 
Published: October 2014

Purpose To investigate the risk for first depression, assessed as incident hospital contacts for depression and incident use of antidepressants, among women with breast cancer. Patients and Methods Danish national registries were used to identify 1,997,669 women with no diagnosis of cancer or a major psychiatric disorder. This cohort was followed from 1998 to 2011 for a diagnosis of breast cancer and for the two outcomes, hospital contact for depression and redeemed prescriptions for antidepressants. Rate ratios for incident hospital contacts for depression and incident use of antidepressants were estimated with Poisson regression models. Multivariable Cox regression was used to evaluate factors associated with the two outcomes among patients with breast cancer. Results We identified 44,494 women with breast cancer. In the first year after diagnosis, the rate ratio for a hospital contact for depression was 1.70 (95% CI 1.41 to 2.05) and that for use of antidepressants was 3.09 (95% CI 2.95 to 3.22); these rate ratios were significantly increased after 3 and 8 years, respectively. Comorbidity, node-positive disease, older age, basic and vocational educational levels, and living alone were associated with use of antidepressants. Conclusion Women with breast cancer are at long-term increased risk for first depression, including both severe episodes leading to hospital contact and use of antidepressants. Clinicians should be aware that the risk is highest in women with comorbid conditions, node-positive disease, and age of 70 years or more. We found no clear association between type of surgery or adjuvant treatment and risk for depression.
Pathologic Complete Response As a Potential Surrogate for the Clinical Outcome in Patients With Breast Cancer After Neoadjuvant Therapy: A Meta-Regression of 29 Randomized Prospective Studies
Authors: Berruti Alfredo , Amoroso Vito , Gallo Fabio , Bertaglia Valentina , Simoncini Edda , Pedersini Rebecca , Ferrari Laura , Bottini Alberto , Bruzzi Paolo , Sormani Maria Pia 
Published: October 2014

Purpose To assess the role of pathologic complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant therapy as surrogate end point of disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with breast cancer, we performed a trial-based meta-regression of randomized studies comparing different neoadjuvant systemic treatments. Methods The systematic literature search included electronic databases and proceedings of oncologic meetings. Endocrine therapy trials were excluded. Treatment effects on DFS and OS were expressed as hazard ratios (HRs), and treatment effects on pCR were expressed as odds ratios (ORs). A weighted regression analysis was performed on log-transformed treatment effect estimates to test the association between treatment effects on the surrogate outcome and treatment effects on the clinical outcome. Results Twenty-nine trials, 59 arms, and 30 comparisons, for a total of 14,641 patients, were included in the analysis. Using the complete set of data, the regression of either the log(HR) for DFS or the log(HR) for OS on the log(OR) for pCR demonstrated only weak associations (R2 = 0.08; 95% CI, 0 to 0.47; and R2 = 0.09; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.41, respectively). Better associations were found in an exploratory analysis assessing a subset of trials comparing intensified/dose-dense chemotherapy versus standard-dose regimens (DFS: R2 = 0.79; 95% CI, 0.26 to 0.95; P = .003; and OS: R2 = 0.57; 95% CI, 0.19 to 0.93; P = .03). Conclusion This meta-regression analysis of 29 heterogeneous neoadjuvant trials does not support the use of pCR as a surrogate end point for DFS and OS in patients with breast cancer. However, pCR may potentially meet the criteria of surrogacy with specific systemic therapies.
Phase II Trial of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Combined With Erlotinib for Patients With Limited but Progressive Metastatic Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Iyengar Puneeth , Kavanagh Brian D. , Wardak Zabi , Smith Irma , Ahn Chul , Gerber David E. , Dowell Jonathan , Hughes Randall , Abdulrahman Ramzi , Camidge D. Ross , Gaspar Laurie E. , Doebele Robert C. , Bunn Paul A. , Choy Hak , Timmerman Robert 
Published: October 2014

Purpose Patients with stage IV non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who progress through first-line therapy have poor progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), most commonly failing in original sites of gross disease. Cytoreduction with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) may help systemic agents delay relapse. Patients and Methods Patients in our single arm phase II study had stage IV NSCLC with no more than six sites of extracranial disease who failed early systemic chemotherapy and were able to receive SBRT and concurrent erlotinib until disease progression. After erlotinib commencement, SBRT with equipotent fractionation was delivered to all sites of disease. PFS, OS, and other end points were evaluated. Results Twenty-four patients (13 men and 11 women) with a median age of 67 years (range, 56-86 years) were enrolled with median follow-up of 11.6 months. All patients had progressed through platinum-based chemotherapy. A total of 52 sites were treated with 16 of 24 patients receiving SBRT to more than one site. Lung parenchyma was most often irradiated. Median PFS was 14.7 months, and median OS was 20.4 months. Most patients progressed in new distant sites with only three of 47 measurable lesions recurring within the SBRT field. Two grade 3 toxicities were radiation related. Zero of 13 patients tested were positive for an EGFR mutation. Conclusion Use of SBRT with erlotinib for unselected patients with stage IV NSCLC as a second- or subsequent line therapy resulted in dramatic changes in patterns of failure, was well tolerated, and resulted in high PFS and OS, substantially greater than historical values for patients who only received systemic agents.
Resampling the N9741 Trial to Compare Tumor Dynamic Versus Conventional End Points in Randomized Phase II Trials
Authors: Sharma Manish R. , Gray Elizabeth , Goldberg Richard M. , Sargent Daniel J. , Karrison Theodore G. 
Published: October 2014

Purpose The optimal end point for randomized phase II trials of anticancer therapies remains controversial. We simulated phase II trials by resampling patients from N9741, a randomized phase III trial of chemotherapy regimens for metastatic colorectal cancer, and compared the power of various end points to detect the superior therapy (FOLFOX [infusional fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin] had longer overall survival than both IROX [irinotecan plus oxaliplatin] and IFL [irinotecan and bolus fluorouracil plus leucovorin]). Methods Tumor measurements and progression-free survival (PFS) data were obtained for 1,471 patients; 1,002 had consistently measured tumors and were resampled (5,000 replicates) to simulate two-arm, randomized phase II trials with α = 0.10 (one sided) and 20 to 80 patients per arm. End points included log ratio of tumor size at 6, 12, and 18 weeks relative to baseline; time to tumor growth (TTG), estimated using a nonlinear mixed-effects model; and PFS. Arms were compared using rank sum tests for log ratio and TTG and a log-rank test for PFS. Results For FOLFOX versus IFL, TTG and PFS had similar power, with both exceeding the power of log ratio at 18 weeks; for FOLFOX versus IROX, TTG and log ratio at 18 weeks had similar power, with both exceeding the power of PFS. The best end points exhibited > 80% power with 60 to 80 patients per arm. Conclusion TTG is a powerful end point for randomized phase II trials of cytotoxic therapies in metastatic colorectal cancer; it was either comparable or superior to PFS and log ratio at 18 weeks. Additional studies will be needed to clarify the potential of TTG as a phase II end point.
Impact of Reirradiation of Painful Osseous Metastases on Quality of Life and Function: A Secondary Analysis of the NCIC CTG SC.20 Randomized Trial
Authors: Chow Edward , Meyer Ralph M. , Chen Bingshu E. , van der Linden Yvette M. , Roos Daniel , Hartsell William F. , Hoskin Peter , Wu Jackson S.Y. , Nabid Abdenour , Tissing-Tan Caroline J.A. , Oei Bing , Babington Scott , Demas William F. , Wilson Carolyn F. , Wong Rebecca K.S. , Brundage Michael 
Published: October 2014

Purpose We previously demonstrated that 48% of patients with pain at sites of previously irradiated bone metastases benefit from reirradiation. It is unknown whether alleviating pain also improves patient perception of quality of life (QOL). Patients and Methods We used the database of a randomized trial comparing radiation treatment dose fractionation schedules to evaluate whether response, determined using the International Consensus Endpoint (ICE) and Brief Pain Inventory pain score (BPI-PS), is associated with patient perception of benefit, as measured using the European Organisation for Resesarch and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 (QLQ-C30) and functional interference scale of the BPI (BPI-FI). Evaluable patients completed baseline and 2-month follow-up assessments. Results Among 850 randomly assigned patients, 528 were evaluable for response using the ICE and 605 using the BPI-PS. Using the ICE, 253 patients experienced a response and 275 did not. Responding patients had superior scores on all items of the BPI-FI (ie, general activity, mood, walking ability, normal work, relations with other people, sleep, and enjoyment of life) and improved QOL, as determined by scores on the EORTC QLQ-C30 scales of physical, role, emotional and social functioning, global QOL, fatigue, pain, and appetite. Similar results were obtained using the BPI-PS; observed improvements were typically of lesser magnitude. Conclusion Patients responding to reirradiation of painful bone metastases experience superior QOL scores and less functional interference associated with pain. Patients should be offered re-treatment for painful bone metastases in the hope of reducing pain severity as well as improving QOL and pain interference.
Extra patient movement during mammographic imaging: an experimental study
Authors: Ma W K , Brettle D , Howard D , Kelly J , Millington S , Hogg P 
Published: October 2014

Objective:
To determine if movement external to the patient occurring during mammography may be a source of image blur.

Methods:
Four mammography machines with eight flexible and eight fixed paddles were evaluated. In the first stage, movement at the paddle was measured mechanically using two calibrated linear potentiometers. A deformable breast phantom was used to mimic a female breast. For each paddle, the movement in millimetres and change in compression force in Newton was recorded at 0.5- and 1-s intervals, respectively, for 40 s with the phantom in an initially compressed state under a load of 80 N. In the second stage, clinical audit on 28 females was conducted on one mammography machine with the 18 × 24- and 24 × 29-cm flexible paddles.

Results:
Movement at the paddle followed an exponential decay with a settling period of approximately 40 s. The compression force readings for both fixed and flexible paddles decreased exponentially with time, while fixed paddles had a larger drop in compression force than did flexible paddles. There is a linear relationship between movement at the paddle and change in compression force.

Conclusion:
Movement measured at the paddle during an exposure can be represented by a second order system. The amount of extra patient movement during the actual exposure can be estimated using the linear relationship between movement at the paddle and the change in compression force.

Advances in knowledge:
This research provides a possible explanation to mammography image blurring caused by extra patient movement and proposes a theoretical model to analyse the movement.
CT enteroclysis/enterography findings in drug-induced small-bowel damage
Authors: Kishi T , Shimizu K , Hashimoto S , Onoda H , Washida Y , Sakaida I , Matsunaga N 
Published: October 2014

Objective:
To evaluate the CT enteroclysis (CTE)/enterography findings of patients with small-bowel mucosal damage induced by aspirin or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and to compare these findings with the duration of drug use and endoscopic findings.

Methods:
CTE findings of 11 patients (22 lesions) with drug-induced small-bowel damage were reviewed, including 8 NSAID users and 3 aspirin users. Three patients were short-term users (6 months or shorter) and eight were long-term users (3 years or longer). Nine patients also underwent videocapsule endoscopy (VCE) or double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE).

Results:
Small-bowel abnormalities were visible in 8 of 11 patients (73%) on CTE. Multiple lesions were seen in five patients, including all short-term users. Lesions were classified into three types. Type 1 (mucosal patchy enhancement) was found in four of eight patients (50%, 12 lesions) all were short-term users. Small erosions with mild oedema/redness were shown by DBE. Type 2 (homogeneous hyperenhancement) was found in two of eight patients (25%, four lesions) who were long-term users. Large ulcers with marked oedema/redness were shown by DBE. Type 3 (stratification enhancement) was found in four of eight patients (50%, six lesions), both short-term and long-term users. Annular or large ulcers with strictures were shown by VCE or DBE.

Conclusion:
On CTE, Type 1 lesions in patients with mostly short-term aspirin or NSAID use, Type 2 lesions in patients with long-term use and Type 3 lesions in both types of patients were detected. CTE may have usefulness for the detection of mild damage.

Advances in knowledge:
Small-bowel abnormalities owing to aspirin or NSAID present with three different patterns on CTE.
Phylogeny, classification and species delimitation in the liverwort genus Odontoschisma (Cephaloziaceae)
Authors: Aranda Silvia C. , Gradstein S. Robbert , Patiño Jairo , Laenen Benjamin , Désamoré Aurélie , Vanderpoorten Alain 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA species‐level phylogeny of Odontoschisma (Jungermanniidae: Cephaloziaceae) was produced to revisit the infrageneric classification and delimit the species within the genus. New methods of species delimitation have been used to explicitly contrast taxonomic hypotheses and test the relevance of the morphological traits traditionally used in this group. The results confirm previous evidence suggesting that the circumscription of Odontoschisma needs to be enlarged to include Iwatsukia and Cladopodiella, and further indicate that a third genus, Anomoclada, is nested within it. Twenty‐three molecular entities were recognized based the results of generalized mixed Yule‐coalescent (GMYC) analyses. These entities partly conflicted with traditionally defined species that were shown to belong to different, not necessarily closely related entities, adding to the growing body of evidence calling for an extensive revision of species delimitations in taxa with reduced morphologies like leafy liverworts, using an integrative taxonomic approach. A fully revised classification of Odontoschisma into five sections, twenty species, and three subspecies is presented. While the species reported from Europe, Asia and North America were of polyphyletic origins, all Neotropical species were resolved as monophyletic, which could result from a combination of fast speciation rates and reduced dispersal in the Neotropics, and potential extinction in other areas, especially sub‐Saharan Africa.
Phylogenetic relationships in the Didiereaceae with special reference to subfamily Portulacarioideae
Authors: Bruyns Peter V. , Oliveira-Neto Mario , Melo-de-Pinna Gladys Flavia , Klak Cornelia 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe Didiereaceae of the Caryophyllales contains 20 species in three subfamilies: Calyptrothecoideae (2 species from the dry parts of tropical north‐east Africa), Didiereoideae (11 species from semi‐arid areas in Madagascar) and Portulacarioideae (7 species, mainly from the arid south‐western Africa). We performed Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood analyses on data from six plastid DNA regions, trnL‐trnF, trnT‐trnL, trnS‐trnG, trnQUUGrps16, rps16 and rpl16, for 19 species of the Didiereaceae. Our analyses corroborated the monophyly of the Didiereaceae and of its three subfamilies with high statistical support and also elucidated the relationships within the Portulacarioideae. The family has a very disjunct distribution in Madagascar, East Africa and southern Africa. After the divergence of Portulacaria afra, the Portulacarioideae mainly diversified around the margins of the hyper‐arid Namib Desert and its greatest diversity of four species is found on the southern edge of the Namib. We show that the two genera of the Portulacarioideae, Ceraria and Portulacaria, are not monophyletic and we transfer the five accepted species of Ceraria to Portulacaria.
Living with Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease: a qualitative analysis
Authors: Lafarge Caroline , Talsania Krishna , Townshend Julia M , Fox Pauline 
Published: October 2014

Aim: Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is one of the most common types of inherited nerve disorders. This study's objective was to gain insight into people's experiences of CMT. Methods: An online cross-sectional survey was used to elicit qualitative data as part of a study examining the health beliefs of people living with CMT. Participants were recruited through support organisations (n=285) and, of these, 194 provided qualitative comments. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Five themes were identified; the toll on the body, the invisible disease, emotional difficulties, social implications and resilience. Conclusions: Living with CMT can have significant physical, emotional and social consequences, but it is also an illustration of people's resilience. The findings highlight a perceived lack of awareness and understanding about CMT and its psychosocial impact among health professionals and the public. Neuroscience nurses, as part of a multidisciplinary team, can play a role in raising awareness of CMT to inform optimal support for people with CMT.
Death and caring for dying patients: exploring first-year nursing students' descriptive experiences
Authors: Ek Kristina , Westin Lars , Prahl Charlotte , Österlind Jane , Strang Susann , Bergh Ingrid , Henoch Ingela , Hammarlund Kina 
Published: October 2014

Aim: To describe first-year nursing students' experiences of witnessing death and providing end-of-life care. Methods: This study is part of a larger longitudinal project. Interviews (n=17) were conducted with nursing students at the end of their first year of education. To analyse the interviews (lived-experience descriptions), a thematic analysis, ‘a search for meaning’ ( Van Manen, 1997 ) was applied. Results: The results are presented within the framework of four separate themes: (1) The thought of death is more frightening than the actual experience, (2) Daring to approach the dying patient and offering something of oneself, (3) The experience of not sufficing in the face of death and (4) Being confronted with one's own feelings. Conclusion: Nursing students require continuous support and opportunity to reflect and discuss their experiences about caring for dying patients and confronting death throughout the entirety of their education. In addition, teachers and clinical supervisors need to give support using reflective practice to help students to develop confidence in their capacity for caring for dying patients.
Setting the stage for self-attunement: Drama therapy as a guide for neural integration in the treatment of eating disorders
Authors: Wood Laura L. , Schneider Christine 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
This article explores the potential of drama therapy, with its ability to engage cognitive and affective systems through embodiment, to promote neural integration with adults with eating disorders. Case material is presented along with a discussion of how role-based techniques in drama therapy might facilitate greater flexibility, responsiveness and emotional regulation. This study adds to a growing literature on the relationship between embodied therapeutic techniques and optimal neural integration.