bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Healthcare workers' willingness to work during an influenza pandemic: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Aoyagi Yumiko , Beck Charles R. , Dingwall Robert , Nguyen‐Van‐Tam Jonathan S. 
Published: March 2015

To estimate the proportion of healthcare workers (HCWs) willing to work during an influenza pandemic and identify associated risk factors, we undertook a systematic review and meta‐analysis compliant with PRISMA guidance. Databases and grey literature were searched to April 2013, and records were screened against protocol eligibility criteria. Data extraction and risk of bias assessments were undertaken using a piloted form. Random‐effects meta‐analyses estimated (i) pooled proportion of HCWs willing to work and (ii) pooled odds ratios of risk factors associated with willingness to work. Heterogeneity was quantified using the I2 statistic, and publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger's test. Data were synthesized narratively where meta‐analyses were not possible. Forty‐three studies met our inclusion criteria. Meta‐analysis of the proportion of HCWs willing to work was abandoned due to excessive heterogeneity (I2 = 99·2%). Narrative synthesis showed study estimates ranged from 23·1% to 95·8% willingness to work, depending on context. Meta‐analyses of specific factors showed that male HCWs, physicians and nurses, full‐time employment, perceived personal safety, awareness of pandemic risk and clinical knowledge of influenza pandemics, role‐specific knowledge, pandemic response training, and confidence in personal skills were statistically significantly associated with increased willingness. Childcare obligations were significantly associated with decreased willingness. HCWs' willingness to work during an influenza pandemic was moderately high, albeit highly variable. Numerous risk factors showed a statistically significant association with willingness to work despite significant heterogeneity between studies. None of the included studies were based on appropriate theoretical constructs of population behaviour.
The living wage: Theoretical integration and an applied research agenda
Authors: CARR Stuart C. , PARKER Jane , ARROWSMITH James , WATTERS Paul A. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe concept of a living wage is defined by quality of life and work life, not merely economic subsistence. It extends to adequate participation in organizational and social life. In development economics, these crucial components of “decent work” connect with “capabilities”, whose development is important to individuals, organizations and society. However, the links between income and capabilities remain unknown, and living wages are often set by fiat. By integrating theories from development studies, management, psychology and employment relations into a single concentric, contingency model, the authors derive a series of propositions with which to test this context‐sensitive model in empirical research.
Low‐Temperature Sintering of Bi0.5(Na,K)0.5TiO3 for Multilayer Ceramic Actuators
Authors: Ahn Chang Won , Kim Hee Sung , Woo Won Seok , Won Sung Sik , Seog Hae Jin , Chae Song A , Park Bong Chan , Jang Ki Bong , Ok Yun Po , Chong Hyon Ho , Kim Ill Won 
Published: March 2015

We investigated the influence of CuO amount (0.5–3.0 mol%), sintering temperature (900°C–1000°C), and sintering time (2–6 h) on the low‐temperature sintering behavior of CuO‐added Bi0.5(Na0.78K0.22)0.5TiO3 (BNKT22) ceramics. Normalized strain (Smax/Emax), piezoelectric coefficient (d33), and remanent polarization (Pr) of 1.0 mol% CuO‐added BNKT22 ceramics sintered at 950°C for 4 h was 280 pm/V, 180 pC/N, and 28 μC/cm2, respectively. These values are similar to those of pure BNKT22 ceramics sintered at 1150°C. In addition, we investigated the performance of multilayer ceramic actuators made from CuO‐added BNKT22 in acoustic sound speaker devices. A prototype sound speaker device showed similar output sound pressure levels as a Pb(Zr,Ti)O3‐based device in the frequency range 0.66–20 kHz. This result highlights the feasibility of using low‐cost multilayer ceramic devices made of lead‐free BNKT‐based piezoelectric materials in sound speaker devices.
Preferential Pathway Pacing within the Aortic Sinus of Valsalva: Strong Evidence for the Existence of Preferential Conduction with Different Exit Sites Traversing the Ventricular Septum
Authors: SHIRAI YASUHIRO , GOYA MASAHIKO , ISOBE MITSUAKI , HIRAO KENZO 
Published: March 2015

Preferential Pathway Pacing within the Aortic Sinus of ValsalvaA 57‐year‐old male who presented with frequent ventricular premature contraction (VPC) was referred for catheter ablation. Two different QRS morphologies (VPC1 and VPC2) were recorded. Pace mapping at the right ventricular outflow (RVOT) was identical to VPC1 without latency. During the mapping within the right sinus of Valsalva where the RF applications were successful for elimination of VPC, discrete prepotential was recorded and the pace mapping produced both VPC1 and VPC2 morphology with different latency. These electrophysiological findings were thought to prove the existence of preferential pathway traversing the ventricular outflow septum with different exit sites.
Antimicrobial photodynamic effect to treat residual pockets in periodontal patients: a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Carvalho Verônica F. , Andrade Priscila V. C. , Rodrigues Michelle F. , Hirata Mario H. , Hirata Rosario D. C. , Pannuti Claudio M. , De Micheli Giorgio , Conde Marina C. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAimA randomized controlled clinical trial was designed to evaluate the efficacy of the photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the treatment of residual pockets of chronic periodontitis patients.Material and MethodsThirty‐four patients with at least four residual periodontal pockets undergoing maintenance care were included and randomly assigned to test group (PDT, n = 18) or control group (sham procedure, n = 16). The intervention was performed at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months. Clinical parameters such as pocket probing depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BoP) and plaque index (PI) were measured before intervention and after 3, 6 and 12 months. Subgingival samples were obtained at baseline, and after 7 days, 3, 6 and 12 months to quantify Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola and Tannerella forsythia by real‐time polimerase chain reaction (PCR).ResultsAll clinical variables showed significant improvement during the study, but there was no significant difference between test and control groups. The microbiological analyses showed no differences between groups at any time during the study.ConclusionWithin the limits of this clinical trial and considering the laser and photosensitizer protocol used, PDT failed to demonstrate additional clinical and bacteriological benefits in residual pockets treatment.
Early life stress is associated with default system integrity and emotionality during infancy
Authors: Graham Alice M. , Pfeifer Jennifer H. , Fisher Philip A. , Carpenter Samuel , Fair Damien A. 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundExtensive animal research has demonstrated the vulnerability of the brain to early life stress (ELS) with consequences for emotional development and mental health. However, the influence of moderate and common forms of stress on early human brain development is less well‐understood and precisely characterized. To date, most work has focused on severe forms of stress, and/or on brain functioning years after stress exposure.MethodsIn this report we focused on conflict between parents (interparental conflict), a common and relatively moderate form of ELS that is highly relevant for children's mental health outcomes. We used resting state functional connectivity MRI to examine the coordinated functioning of the infant brain (N = 23; 6–12‐months‐of‐age) in the context of interparental conflict. We focused on the default mode network (DMN) due to its well‐characterized developmental trajectory and implications for mental health. We further examined DMN strength as a mediator between conflict and infants’ negative emotionality.ResultsHigher interparental conflict since birth was associated with infants showing stronger connectivity between two core DMN regions, the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and the anterior medial prefrontal cortex (aMPFC). PCC to amygdala connectivity was also increased. Stronger PCC‐aMPFC connectivity mediated between higher conflict and higher negative infant emotionality.ConclusionsThe developing DMN may be an important marker for effects of ELS with relevance for emotional development and subsequent mental health. Increasing understanding of the associations between common forms of family stress and emerging functional brain networks has potential to inform intervention efforts to improve mental health outcomes.
Anatomic relationship of the proximal nail matrix to the extensor hallucis longus tendon insertion
Authors: Palomo López P. , Becerro de Bengoa Vallejo R. , López López D. , Prados Frutos J.C. , Alfonso Murillo González J. , Losa Iglesias M.E. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to delineate the relationship of the terminal extensor hallucis longus tendon insertion to the proximal limit of the nail matrix of the great toe.Material and methodsFifty fresh‐frozen human cadaver great toes with no evidence of trauma (average age, 62.5 years; 29 males and 21 females) were used for this study. Under 25X magnification, the proximal limit of the nail matrix and the terminal bony insertion of the extensor hallucis longus tendons were identified. The distance from the terminal tendon insertion to the nail matrix was ascertained using precision calipers, an optical microscope, and autocad® software for windows. Twenty‐five great toes were placed in a neutral formalin solution and further analysed by histological longitudinal‐sections. The specimens were stained with haematoxylin and eosin and examined microscopically to determine the presence of the extensor hallucis longus tendon along the dorsal aspect of the distal phalanx of each great toe.ResultsThe main result we found in great toes was that the extensor tendon is between the matrix and the phalanx and extends dorsally to the distal aspect of the distal phalanx in all, 100%, specimens. The nail matrix of the great toe is not attached to the periosteum of the dorsal aspect of the base of the distal phalanx as is the case for fingers, because the extensor hallucis tendon is plantar or directly underneath the nail matrix and the tendon is dorsal to the bone.ConclusionsWe have found that the extensor tendon is between the matrix and the phalanx and extends dorsally to the distal aspect of the distal phalanx. The nail matrix of the great toe is not attached to the periosteum of the dorsal aspect of the base of distal phalanx as is the case in fingers, because the extensor hallucis tendon is plantar or directly underneath the nail matrix and the tendon is dorsal to the bone. Our anatomic study demonstrates that the proximal limit of the matrix and nail bed of the human great toe are dorsal and overlapping the terminal extensor hallucis longus tendon until its distal bony insertion in all specimens.
Bridging barriers to health promotion: a feasibility pilot study of the ‘Promoting Aging Migrants' Capabilities study’
Authors: Lood Qarin , Gustafsson Susanne , Dahlin Ivanoff Synneve 
Published: March 2015

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesImproving the possibilities for ageing persons to take control over their health is an increasingly important public health issue. Health promotion has previously been visualized to succeed with this goal, but research has primarily focused on ageing persons who are native‐born, leaving the generalizability to persons who are foreign‐born unexplored. Therefore, as part of the development of a larger health promotion initiative for ageing persons who have experienced migration, this study aimed to assess the feasibility of an adapted protocol. The specific feasibility objectives were to assess recruitment procedure, retention rates, study questionnaire administration and variability of collected data.MethodForty persons who were ≥70 years, and who had migrated from Finland, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro or Serbia to Sweden were randomly allocated to a health promotion programme or a control group. The programme was linguistically adapted with regard to translated information material, bilingual health professionals and evaluators, and a person‐centred approach was applied to both programme development and provision. The data analysis was explorative and descriptive.ResultsThe results visualized structural and linguistic barriers to recruitment and study questionnaire administration, and describe strategies for how to bridge them. Retention rates and data variability were satisfying.ConclusionsCalling for iterative and pragmatic programme design, the findings describe how to move towards a more inclusive health care environment. Person‐centred and bilingual approaches with attention to the possibilities for building authentic relationships between participants and providers are emphasized, and a structured methodology for developing study questionnaires is suggested.
Defective macrophage handling of Escherichia coli in Crohn's disease
Authors: Elliott TR , Hudspith BN , Rayment NB , Prescott NJ , Petrovska L , Hermon‐Taylor J , Brostoff J , Boussioutas A , Mathew CG , Sanderson JD 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackground and Aim Escherichia coli can be isolated from lamina propria macrophages in Crohn's disease (CD), and their intramacrophage persistence may provide a stimulus for inflammation. To further determine the contributions of macrophage dysfunction and E. coli pathogenicity to this, we aimed to compare in vitro functioning of macrophages from patients with CD and healthy controls (HC) in response to infection with CD‐derived adherent‐invasive E. coli (AIEC) and less pathogenic E. coli strains.Methods Monocyte‐derived macrophages were cultured from patients with CD and HC. Intramacrophage survival of E. coli strains (CD‐derived adherent‐invasive [AI] and non‐AI strains and laboratory strain K‐12) was compared. Macrophage cytokine release (tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNFα], interleukin [IL]‐23, IL‐8 and IL‐10) and monocyte phagoctyosis and respiratory burst function were measured after E. coli infection. For CD patients, laboratory data were correlated with clinical phenotype, use of immunomodulation, and CD risk alleles (NOD2, IL‐23R, ATG16L1 and IRGM).Results Attenuated TNFα and IL‐23 release from CD macrophages was found after infection with all E. coli strains. There was prolonged survival of CD‐derived AIEC, CD‐derived non‐AIEC and E. coli K‐12 in macrophages from CD patients compared to within those from HC. No abnormality of monocyte phagocytosis or respiratory burst function was detected in CD. Macrophage dysfunction in CD was not influenced by phenotype, use of immunomodulation or genotype.Conclusions CD macrophage responses to infection with E. coli are deficient, regardless of clinical phenotype, CD genotype or E. coli pathogenicity. This suggests host immunodeficiency is an important contributor to intramacrophage E. coli persistence in CD.
Major involvement of Na+‐dependent multivitamin transporter (SLC5A6/SMVT) in uptake of biotin and pantothenic acid by human brain capillary endothelial cells
Authors: Uchida Yasuo , Ito Katsuaki , Ohtsuki Sumio , Kubo Yoshiyuki , Suzuki Takashi , Terasaki Tetsuya 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to clarify the expression of Na+‐dependent multivitamin transporter (SLC5A6/SMVT) and its contribution to the supply of biotin and pantothenic acid to the human brain via the blood–brain barrier. DNA microarray and immunohistochemical analyses confirmed that SLC5A6 is expressed in microvessels of human brain. The absolute expression levels of SLC5A6 protein in isolated human and monkey brain microvessels were 1.19 and 0.597 fmol/μg protein, respectively, as determined by a quantitative targeted absolute proteomics technique. Using an antibody‐free method established by Kubo et al. (2015), we found that SLC5A6 was preferentially localized at the luminal membrane of brain capillary endothelium. Knock‐down analysis using SLC5A6 siRNA showed that SLC5A6 accounts for 88.7% and 98.6% of total [3H]biotin and [3H]pantothenic acid uptakes, respectively, by human cerebral microvascular endothelial cell line hCMEC/D3. SLC5A6‐mediated transport in hCMEC/D3 was markedly inhibited not only by biotin and pantothenic acid, but also by prostaglandin E2, lipoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, indomethacin, ketoprofen, diclofenac, ibuprofen, phenylbutazone, and flurbiprofen. This study is the first to confirm expression of SLC5A6 in human brain microvessels and to provide evidence that SLC5A6 is a major contributor to luminal uptake of biotin and pantothenic acid at the human blood–brain barrier.
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In humans, it was unclear (not concluded) about what transport system at the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is responsible for the brain uptakes of two vitamins, biotin and pantothenic acid, which are necessary for brain proper function. This study clarified for the first time that the solute carrier 5A6/Na+‐dependent multivitamin transporter SLC5A6/SMVT is responsible for the supplies of biotin and pantothenic acid into brain across the BBB in humans. DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; NSAID, non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug; PGE2, prostaglandin E2.
Protein misfolding cyclic amplification induces the conversion of recombinant prion protein to PrP oligomers causing neuronal apoptosis
Authors: Yuan Zhen , Yang Lifeng , Chen Baian , Zhu Ting , Hassan Mohammad Farooque , Yin Xiaomin , Zhou Xiangmei , Zhao Deming 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe formation of neurotoxic prion protein (PrP) oligomers is thought to be a key step in the development of prion diseases. Recently, it was determined that the sonication and shaking of recombinant PrP can convert PrP monomers into β‐state oligomers. Herein, we demonstrate that β‐state oligomeric PrP can be generated through protein misfolding cyclic amplification from recombinant full‐length hamster, human, rabbit, and mutated rabbit PrP, and that these oligomers can be used for subsequent research into the mechanisms of PrP‐induced neurotoxicity. We have characterized protein misfolding cyclic amplification‐induced monomer‐to‐oligomer conversion of PrP from three species using western blotting, circular dichroism, size‐exclusion chromatography, and resistance to proteinase K (PK) digestion. We have further shown that all of the resulting β‐oligomers are toxic to primary mouse cortical neurons independent of the presence of PrPC in the neurons, whereas the corresponding monomeric PrP were not toxic. In addition, we found that this toxicity is the result of oligomer‐induced apoptosis via regulation of Bcl‐2, Bax, and caspase‐3 in both wild‐type and PrP−/− cortical neurons. It is our hope that these results may contribute to our understanding of prion transformation within the brain.
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We found that β‐state oligomeric PrPs can be generated through protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) from recombinant full‐length hamster, human, rabbit, and mutated rabbit PrP. β‐oligomers are toxic to primary mouse cortical neurons independent of the presence of PrPC in the neurons, while the corresponding monomeric PrPs were not toxic. This toxicity is the result of oligomers‐induced apoptosis via regulation of Bcl‐2, Bax, and caspase‐3. These results may contribute to our understanding of prion transformation within the brain.
Neuropsychological predictors of conversion to probable Alzheimer disease in elderly with mild cognitive impairment
Authors: García‐Herranz Sara , Díaz‐Mardomingo M. Carmen , Peraita Herminia 
Published: March 2015

In the field of neuropsychology, it is essential to determine which neuropsychological tests predict Alzheimer's disease (AD) in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and which cut‐off points should be used to identify people at greater risk for converting to dementia. The aim of the present study was to analyse the predictive value of the cognitive tests included in a neuropsychological battery for conversion to AD among MCI participants and to analyse the influence of some sociodemographic variables – sex, age, schooling – and others, such as follow‐up time and emotional state. A total of 105 participants were assessed with a neuropsychological battery at baseline and during a 3‐year follow‐up period. For the present study, the data were analysed at baseline. During the follow‐up period, 24 participants (22.85%) converted to dementia (2.79 ± 1.14 years) and 81 (77.14%) remained as MCI. The logistic regression analysis determined that the long delay cued recall and the performance time of the Rey figure test were the best predictive tests of conversion to dementia after an MCI diagnosis. Concerning the sociodemographic factors, sex had the highest predictive power. The results reveal the relevance of the neuropsychological data obtained in the first assessment. Specifically, the data obtained in the episodic verbal memory tests and tests that assess visuospatial and executive components may help to identify people with MCI who may develop AD in an interval not longer than 4 years, with the masculine gender being an added risk factor.
Evaluation of autoimmune thyroid disease in melasma
Authors: Rostami Mogaddam Majid , Iranparvar Alamdari Manouchehr , Maleki Nasrollah , Safavi Ardabili Nastaran , Abedkouhi Selma 
Published: March 2015

SummaryMelasma is one of the most frequently acquired hyperpigmentation disorders clinically characterized by symmetrical brown patches on sun‐exposed areas. To date, few studies have been conducted about the relationship between thyroid autoimmun‐ity and melasma. To evaluate the thyroid dysfunction and autoimmunity in nonpregnant women with melasma. A total of 70 women with melasma and 70 age‐matched healthy women with no history of melasma were enrolled in the study. We studied the thyroid hormone profile in both groups. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. Patients with melasma had 18.5% frequency of thyroid disorders, and 15.7% had positive anti‐TPO, while subjects from the control group had a 4.3% frequency of thyroid abnormalities, and only 5.7% had positive anti‐TPO. There was a significantly higher prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in women with melasma compared with control group (P = 0.008). This study suggests that there is a relationship between thyroid autoimmunity and melasma. However, to make recommendations on screening for thyroid disease in patients with melasma, future research of good methodological quality is needed.