bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Tenofovir in Adefovir-Experienced Patients Compared with Treatment-Naive Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B
Authors: Keskin Onur , Örmeci Asli Ç , Baran Bülent , Kabaçam Gökhan , Tüzün Ali , Karatayli Ersin , Akyüz Filiz , Karatayli Senem , Bozdayi A Mithat , Önel Derya , Badur Selim , Idilman Ramazan , Kaymakoglu Sabahattin , Yurdaydin Cihan 
Published: February 2014

Background Tenofovir (TDF) has similar antiviral efficacy in both treatment-naive and lamivudine-resistant chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. Data on TDF use in patients with adefovir (ADV) resistance is inconsistent. The aim of our study was to assess antiviral efficacy of TDF against nucleoside analogue-naive (NN) and ADV-resistant (ADV-R) CHB and suboptimal responders to ADV (ADV-S). Methods A database of 135 CHB patients treated with TDF was analysed. A total of 37 patients with incomplete data were excluded and analysis was performed in 98 (44 NN, 30 ADV-R and 24 ADV-S). Patients with primary ADV-R mutations had either A181T/V or N236T mutations or both. HBV DNA was measured at 3-month intervals until month 24. Primary outcome measures were comparison of the decline of HBV DNA between the three treatment groups. Results NN patients had higher baseline HBV DNA compared with ADV-R and ADV-S patients (6.08 log10 IU/ml versus 5.53 and 4.88, respectively; P=0.002). By exponential regression analysis, HBV DNA decline kinetics differed between the three groups. HBV DNA decline was faster in NN patients compared to ADV-R and ADV-S CHB patients ( P=0.002 and P=0.004, respectively). Undetectable HBV DNA was achieved in 77.2%, 60% and 75% of NN, ADV-R and ADV-S CHB patients, respectively, at month 12 ( P= not significant). Conclusions HBV DNA decline is slower in ADV-experienced patients compared with treatment-naive patients. The clinical significance of this slow response may be important in patients with critical liver reserve and high viral load. Optimal combination treatment (TDF+ entecavir) could be considered in these patients.
The Effect of Intravenous Peramivir, Compared with Oral Oseltamivir, on the Outcome of Post-Influenza Pneumococcal Pneumonia in Mice
Authors: Tanaka Akitaka , Nakamura Shigeki , Seki Masafumi , Iwanaga Naoki , Kajihara Toshiki , Kitano Mitsutaka , Homma Tomoyuki , Kurihara Shintaro , Imamura Yoshifumi , Miyazaki Taiga , Izumikawa Koichi , Kakeya Hiroshi , Yanagihara Katsunori , Kohno Shigeru 
Published: February 2014

Background Pneumococcal pneumonia often occurs secondary to influenza infection and accounts for a large proportion of the morbidity and mortality associated with seasonal and pandemic influenza outbreaks. Peramivir is a novel, intravenous neuraminidase inhibitor that exhibits potent antiviral activity against influenza A and B viruses. We investigated the efficacy of peramivir for modulating the severity of secondary pneumococcal pneumonia. Methods CBA/JNCrlj mice, infected with influenza virus and superinfected with Streptococcus pneumoniae, were treated with either intravenous peramivir (single or multiple doses of 60 mg/kg/day) or oral oseltamivir at doses of 10 or 40 mg/kg/day in divided doses. The survival rate, viable bacterial count and virus titre in the lungs, as well as cytokine/chemokine concentration and histopathological findings were compared between both groups. Results The median duration of survival of coinfected mice was significantly prolonged by treatment with multiple doses of peramivir, relative to mice treated with oseltamivir at either dose. Viable bacterial counts and virus titres in the lungs were significantly reduced by intravenous peramivir treatment compared with no treatment or oral oseltamivir treatment. The production of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines was also significantly suppressed by multiple dosing of peramivir compared with oseltamivir. Increased survival appeared to be mediated by decreased inflammation, manifested as lower levels of inflammatory cells and proinflammatory cytokines in the lungs and less severe histopathological findings. The lungs of mice treated with multiple doses of peramivir showed mild inflammatory changes compared to oseltamivir. Conclusions This study demonstrated that a multiple-dose regimen of intravenous peramivir was more efficacious than a single peramivir dose or multiple doses of oseltamivir for improving outcomes in pneumococcal pneumonia following influenza virus infection in mice.
Ces jeunes qui, même dans une conjoncture favorable, n'y arrivent pas...
Authors: Gauthier Madeleine 
Published: February 2014

« Par quoi commencer ? », se demandent des intervenants dans un groupe de discussion à propos de jeunes aux prises avec des difficultés multiples et complexes. Cette rencontre qui s’est réalisée en 2008 fait partie d’une démarche de recherche en partenariat suscitée par le constat que, même en période de prospérité comme c’est alors le cas pour la ville de Québec, des jeunes adultes n’arrivent pas à trouver d’emploi et les moyens d’assurer leur autonomie. Comment expliquer ce phénomène lorsque le recours aux facteurs structurels habituels ne répond pas et comment réagir dans ce contexte ?
Malentendus et désaccords sur le plaisir cinématographique
Authors: Legon Tomas 
Published: February 2014

Créé par le Centre national du cinéma et les Régions, Lycéens et apprentis au cinéma (LAC) est un dispositif qui permet à des élèves de voir trois films en salle et de profiter d’une « éducation à l’image ». L’article vise à éclairer comment les différents jeunes qui bénéficient du dispositif en Rhône-Alpes le perçoivent. Cette étude de la réception est un moyen idéal pour comprendre, notamment, comment un travail de médiation qui vient des institutions parvient ou non à créer des effets sur une pratique culturelle déjà massivement et ordinairement investie par les adolescents.
Le rapport des élèves de milieux favorisés à la culture scolaire
Authors: Eloy Florence 
Published: February 2014

Le cas des savoirs musicaux scolaires, exemple emblématique de « savoirs gratuits », illustre bien l’ambiguïté du rapport à la culture scolaire que peuvent entretenir les élèves de milieux favorisés. Si l’on observe une plus grande proximité de ces élèves aux rapports à la musique visés par l’école, cela n’est pas forcément associé à une plus grande adhésion ou croyance aux savoirs musicaux scolaires, la tendance inverse étant particulièrement fréquente au sein de cette population. Ce phénomène peut être rapporté à l’attitude distanciée vis-à-vis de la culture scolaire décrite chez les « héritiers » pour les élèves les plus dotés en capital culturel, mais aussi, parmi les adolescents issus des franges moins « cultivées » des milieux favorisés, à des formes d’utilitarisme scolaire, compte tenu de la place marginale de l’éducation musicale dans les curricula .
Intracoronary versus Intravenous Adenosine-Induced Maximal Coronary Hyperemia for Fractional Flow Reserve Measurements
Authors: Khashaba Ahmed , Mortada Ayman , Omran Azza 
Published: February 2014

Background Maximal hyperemia is the critical prerequisite for fractional flow reserve (FFR) assessment. Despite intravenous (IV) adenosine currently being the recommended approach, intracoronary (IC) administration of adenosine constitutes a valuable alternative in everyday practice. However, it is surprisingly unclear which IC strategy allows the achievement of FFR values that are comparable to IV adenosine. Objectives This study sought to compare increasing doses of IC adenosine versus IV adenosine for FFR. Methods 30 intermediate coronary stenoses undergoing FFR measurement were prospectively and consecutively enrolled. Hyperemia was sequentially induced by bolus of IC adenosine (ADN; 150 μg) followed by IV adenosine (IVADN) infusion over 3 minutes at dose of (140 μg/kg/min). FFR values, symptoms, and development of atrioventricular block were recorded. Results 150 μg doses of IC adenosine were well tolerated and associated with fewer symptoms than IV adenosine. Intracoronary adenosine doses induced a significant decrease of FFR compared with baseline levels ( P < 0.01). Among the 6 patients with FFR values less than 0.80 identified by IVADN, 4 were correctly identified also by 150 μg bolus IC adenosine. Larger randomized studies with cross-over design are necessary to verify the results. Conclusions This small pilot study suggests that IC adenosine might be an alternative to IV adenosine. Larger randomized studies with a cross-over design are necessary.
Why Business Ethics Needs Rhetoric: An Aristotelian Perspective
Authors: Duska Ronald F. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT:If the ultimate purpose of ethical argument is to persuade people to act a certain way, the point of doing business ethics is to persuade others about what constitutes proper ethical behavior. Given that teleological perspective, the role of the business ethicist is to be an orator or rhetorician. Further, since one cannot expect more certitude than the subject warrants, from Aristotle’s perspective,while rhetoric is the most persuasive means of arguing, it is not scientific demonstration. Rhetoric uses examples and enthymemes. Such an approach answers the postmodern claim that ethical argument cannot lead to certitude and shows how the use of rhetoric helps avoid relativism and leads to more effective persuasion. According to Aristotle, rhetoric involves gaining truth with a “rough and general sketch.” This rhetorical approach allows the listener to “see as” the persuader sees, by attending to aspects of our shared experience and language. This mirrors insights of Kant’s reflexive judgment in his third critique as well as the later Wittgenstein, who compares ethics to aesthetics.
ABC Transporters: Maintenance of the Cancer Stem Cell Phenotype
Authors: Wei Zhang  , Li-Wu Fu  
Published: February 2014

The poor therapeutic response to anti-cancer treatment and inferior prognosis of carcinoma primarily result from cancer stem cells (CSCs), which initiate and maintain tumors. Recent studies have demonstrated that the molecular phenotype of CSCs mainly consists of multidrug resistance (MDR), self-renewal, multi-lineage differentiation potential (pluripotency) and tumorigenicity. Intriguingly, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) membrane transporters are highly expressed in CSCs compared to non-CSCs, and recent evidence has highlighted a link between ABC transporters and the CSC phenotype. Understanding the relationship between CSCs and ABC transporters is important as this could lead to the development of more efficacious treatment regimens. Thus, in this article, we will mainly review the relationships between ABC transporters and the phenotype of CSCs.
Conventional Oral Systemic Chemotherapy for Postoperative Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Jian-Hong Zhong  , Le-Qun Li  
Published: February 2014

Background:The findings of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) about the efficacy of adjuvant conventional oral systemic chemotherapy (COSC) for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after curative hepatic resection (HR) are contradictory. Therefore, a systematic review of clinical trials is needed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of adjuvant COSC. Methods:Sources such as MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched.All clinical trials comparing curative HR with HR plus COSC for HCC were identified. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated. Results:Five RCTs and one non-RCT involving a total of 461 patients were included. No treatment-related deaths were reported in the including trials. The adverse effects of COSC were generally mild. However, included studies and meta-analysis showed that adjuvant COSC did not demonstrate statistically significant improvement for the 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival. For the 1-, 3-, and 5-year tumor recurrence and recurrence-free survival rates, adjuvant COSC also did not show statistically significant less incidence. Conclusion:Adjuvant COSC provides no survival benefits for HCC patients after curative HR. Considering the efficacy of sorafenib for advanced HCC and the results of this systematic review, no more trials should be carried out to explore the efficacy of adjuvant COSC.
Intraparenchymal chordoid Meningioma After Radiotherapy for Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literatur
Authors: Mustafa Efendioglu  , Recep Basaran  , Dogan Gundogan  , Fatih Han Bolukbasi  , Mustafa Kaksi  , Aydin Sav  , Tuncay Kaner  
Published: February 2014

Objective: Hodgkin lymphoma can be treated by radiotherapy or chemotherapy alone or combined. Meningiomas account for 1-4.2% of all primary intracranial tumors in children, and chordoid meningioma is a very rare subtype. In this study, we investigated a case of an intraparenchymal chordoid meningioma that developed during the early stage in a patient with Hodgkin lymphoma who had been treated with radiotherapy.
Case: A 10-year-old male patient was diagnosed with Hodgkin lymphoma and was treated with a combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. He presented at our emergency service 6 years later. He had a fever and was suffering from discomfort and insignificant left hemiparesis (4/5). Contrast-enhanced cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a mass in the right temporoparietal region. The intracranial lesion was surgically excised. The tumor was identified as a WHO grade 2 chordoid meningioma by the pathological examination. The Ki-67 proliferation index was found to be 20-25%.
Conclusion: Surgeons must remember that radiation-associated meningiomas may occur in the early stage of the treatment as well as in the late stage. Young patients with grade 2 chordoid meningiomas must be followed-up in case of recurrence, and tumors with high Ki-67 indexes are highly expected to relapse.
Factors Influencing Percentage Yield of Side Population Isolated in Ovarian Cancer Cell LineSK-OV-3
Authors: Yuling Chen  , Sui-Lin Mo  , Felix Wu Shun Wong  , George Qian Li  , Yen Siew Loh  , Basil D. Roufogalis  , Maureen V. Boost  , Daniel Man-Yuen Sze  
Published: February 2014

Isolation of side population (SP) cells has been recognized as a useful technique for the isolation and identification of hematopoietic stem cells or cancer stem cells (CSCs). Thus the yield and purity of isolated SP cells would have a profound influence on the research outcomes in these two important areas. Hoechst 33342 exclusion assay technique has been used for the identification of SP cells. However, diverse Hoechst staining protocols giving different SP yields even from the same tissue type or same cell line have been reported in different laboratories. In this study we systematically investigated the underlying factors influencing the SP yield using Hoechst dye staining and a robust platform of flow cytometric analysis of the human ovarian cancer cell line SK-OV-3. Our study revealed that SP yield was not only affected by the Hoechst 33342 concentration, staining cell density, staining cell viability, staining duration, staining medium, flow cytometric setting and SP gating strategy, but was also affected by the cell passage number in SK-OV-3. This is the first systematic study on the factors affecting SP yield in adherent cells that mimic many solid tumour tissues. Our results provide important technical guidelines to help ensure reproducible and comparable results in SP and CSCs study.
B5H7, a Morpholine Derivative of 23-Hydroxybetulinic Acid, Reverses Doxorubicin Resistance in HepG2/ADM
Authors: Nan Yao  , Dao-Lu Liu  , Ying-Jie Li  , Zhe-Sheng Chen  , Zhi Shi  , Wei-Min Chen  , Zhe Yao  , Dong-Mei Zhang  , Wen-Cai Ye  
Published: February 2014

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is the major cause of the failure of cancer chemotherapy. Development of MDR reversers is an important strategy to improve the efficacy of cancer chemotherapy. Here, we have found a morpholine derivative of 23-hydroxybetulinic acid, B5H7, with a reversal effect on MDR cancer cells. Our studies showed that B5H7 enhanced cytotoxicity of doxorubicin, but no cisplatin in MDR cancer cells HepG2/ADM. And we found that B5H7 not only increased the intracellular accumulation of P-glycoprotein substrates doxorubicin and rhodamine123, but also reduced the efflux of rhodamine123 in HepG2/ADM cells. Further studies showed B5H7 did not alter the protein level of P-glycoprotein and it also had no effect on P-glycoprotein ATPase activity. Taken together, we have found that B5H7 could reverse doxorubicin resistance in HepG2/ADM cells by inhibiting the transport function of P-glycoprotein. These findings contribute to developing B5H7 as an adjuvant to anticancer chemotherapy with doxorubicin.
POLITIKA SUZBIJANJA MALOLETNIČKE DELINKVENCIJE KAO DETERMINANTA DRUŠTVENOG RAZVOJA // POLICY OF PREVENTION OF JUVENILE DELINGUENCY AS A DETERMINANT OF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Dimovski Darko , Mirić Filip 
Published: February 2014

Maloletnička delinkvencija je veliki društveni problem. Njena ekspanzija jeuslovila potrebu za pronalaženjem novih načina i sredstava za njeno suzbijanje. Zbogtoga politika suzbijanja maloletničke delinkvencije dobija svoj puni pravni i društveniznačaj. Stvaranje bezbednijeg i humanijeg društva je preduslov za njegov dalji razvoj.U radu se autori bave pronalaženjem novih načina za kreiranje uspešne politikesuzbijanja maloletničke delinkvencije, polazeći od njenih osnovnih kriminološkihobeležja, u cilju obezbeđenja uslova za uspešniji društveni razvoj. // Juvenile delinquency is a major social problem. Its expansion has made itnecessary to find new ways and means of combating it. Because of this policy onjuvenile delinquency is getting its full legal and social importance. Creating a saferand more humane society is a prerequisite for its further development. In this paper,the authors deal with finding new ways to create a successful policy for combatingjuvenile delinquency, based on its basic criminological characteristics, in order to ensureconditions for successful social development.
Globalna socijalna kriza
Authors: Aleksandrovič Lisičkin Vladimir , Aleksandrovič Šelepin Leonid 
Published: February 2014

ApstraktU naše vreme proizvodne snage su dostigle planetarni nivo. Dimenzije zemlje kao da su se skupile. Novi sistem transporta, veza, kosmička tehnika, Internet ušli su u svakodnevni život. Na televiziji vidimo ono što se dešava na drugom kraju planete. Drugačiji su postali materijalni uslovi života društva. Istovremeno u društvu nastaje celi niz sporednih pojava, koje imaju negativan karakter. Ključ za shvatanje tih sporednih pojava daje Le Šatleov princip4, u skladu s kojim spoljna delovanja, izvode sistem iz položaja ravnoteže, izazivaju u njemu procese, koji vode slabljenju rezultata delovanja5. Izmene na planeti, uslovljene naučno-tehničkim progresom, povukle su za sobom negativne promene u stanju životne sredine. Pojavili su se spoljni sporedni procesi, kao prepreka daljem jačanju antropogenog uticaja. Takođe se radikalno izmenio i način života, unutrašnje stanje sociuma, i sam čovek. Te promene su sveopšte i objektivne. Uporedo sa globalnom ekološkom krizom možemo govoriti o globalnoj socijalnoj krizi. Ali za razliku od spoljne životne sredine, unutrašnjem stanju sociuma je poklonjeno neuporedivo manje pažnje, iako potencijalna opasnost nije manje značajna. Nije formulisan čak ni opšti pristup, nisu opisani procesi unutrašnje degradacije društva. Ali, kao i u životnoj, u socijalnoj sredini (sociumu) nastaje cela svukupnost negativnih pojava
Comparing Self-Fitting Strategies for Over-the-Counter Hearing Aids
Authors: Knoetze Megan , Manchaiah Vinaya , De Sousa Karina , Moore David R. , Swanepoel De Wet 
Published: July 2024

ImportanceFewer than 20% of US adults with hearing loss use hearing aids due to barriers like high cost. Over-the-counter (OTC) hearing aids offer a potential solution, incorporating self-fitting strategies via smartphone apps. Self-fitting strategies have been validated for Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved OTC hearing aids compared with prescription-based approaches. However, no direct comparative analysis exists between in situ audiometry and self-adjustment strategies using self-fitting OTC (OTC-SF) hearing aids.ObjectiveTo compare self-adjustment and in situ audiometry self-fitting strategies in OTC-SF hearing aids for adults with mild to moderate hearing difficulties.Design Settings and ParticipantsA crossover, within-participant pseudorandomized clinical trial was conducted between July and November 2023. Twenty-eight participants were pseudo-randomly assigned to 1 of the 2 self-fitting strategies, and they experienced both interventions for 4 consecutive weeks.InterventionsThe self-adjustment group manually adjusted settings, including overall gain and spectral tilt, using Lexie B2 hearing aids, while the in situ audiometry group used Lexie B2 Plus hearing aids (Lexie Hearing by hearX Group), with an automated fitting based on in situ tests conducted through the app.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit (APHAB). Secondary outcomes were International Outcome Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA), speech-in-noise tests (DIN and QuickSIN), and real-ear measurements (REMs). Measures were completed at baseline and after the 4-week field trial using each strategy.ResultsTwenty-eight participants (mean [SD] age, 60.2 [12.0] years) were included; 14 men and 14 women. Self-adjustment and in situ audiometry strategies produced no clinically meaningful differences across various outcome measures, including overall APHAB benefit (Cohen d = 0.2; 95% CI, −0.2 to 0.6) and overall IOI-HA satisfaction (Rosenthal r = 0.0; 95% CI, −0.3 to 0.2). Self-adjustment users reported higher satisfaction (Rosenthal r = −0.4; 95% CI, −0.6 to −0.1) and longer daily use (Rosenthal r = −0.3; 95% CI, –0.5 to 0.0) compared with those using in situ audiometry. No clinically meaningful differences were observed in speech-in-noise benefit and real-ear measurements.Conclusion and RelevanceIn this clinical trial of OTC-SF hearing aids, self-adjustment and in situ audiometry strategies resulted in similar outcomes. However, self-adjustment may produce higher satisfaction and longer daily use, highlighting the potential advantages of active user involvement in the fitting process. Further investigation is needed for long-term outcomes.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05782153
Recent Progress in Generation of Inner Ear Organoid
Authors: Zong Yanjun , Liu Xiaozhou , Zhang Yaqi , Zhao Jiahui , Shi Xinyu , Zhao Zhengdong , Sun Yu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractInner ear organoids play a crucial role in hearing research. In comparison to other animal models and 2D cell culture systems, inner ear organoids offer significant advantages for studying the mechanisms of inner ear development and exploring novel approaches to disease treatment. Inner ear organoids derived from human cells are more closely resemble normal human organs in development and function. The 3D culture system of the inner ear organoid enhances cell–cell interactions and mimics the internal environment. In this review, the progress and limitations of organoid culture methods derived from tissue‐specific progenitors and pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are summarized, which may offer new insights into generating organoids that closely resemble the inner ear in terms of morphology and function.