bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Withdrawn: The main pillar: Assessment of space weather observational asset performance supporting nowcasting, forecasting, and research to operations
Authors: Posner A. , Hesse M. , St. Cyr O. C. 
Published: July 2013

Key Points

Manuscript assesses current and near‐future space weather assets
Current assets are inadequate for forecasting of severe geomagnetic storms
Near‐future assets will not improve the situation
Assembly of Nickel(II) and Manganese(II) Coordination Polymers based on a Energetic Aromatic Dicarboxylic Acid Ligand
Authors: Wu Rui‐Feng , Zhu Yong‐Ji , Jin Wei 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe complexes {[Ni(tnbpdc)(H2O)4]·2H2O}n (1) and {[Mn(tnbpdc)(H2O)4]·4H2O}n (2) (tnbpdc = 2, 2′,6, 6′‐tetranitro‐4, 4′‐biphenyl dicarboxylic acid) were synthesized and structurally characterized by IR spectrocopy, elemental analysis, and X‐ray diffraction. Complexes 1 and 2 adopt monodentate coordination modes and form two‐dimensional layer structures by hydrogen bonds. The thermal results exhibit that both complexes have high thermal stabilities, but different decomposition temperatures owing to the different central metal atoms. They can be applied as novel, structurally correlated heat‐resistant energetic materials.
Modelling urban populations of the Australian White Ibis (Threskiornis molucca) to inform management
Authors: Smith Andrew Charles Michael , Munro Ursula , Figueira Will F. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractSince the 1970s, populations of the Australian White Ibis (Threskiornis molucca) have dramatically increased in many Australian urban centres. Managers of ibis are currently focusing on limiting this bird's reproductive success in order to reduce population sizes or at least halt further increases in urban areas. Here we use data on nesting success and survival for three populations of ibis around greater Sydney to develop an age‐structured population model. The estimated growth rate for all populations combined was about 1.5 % per year and for individual sites were more variable at −1, −7, and 9 %. For all populations, growth rates were most sensitive (based on elasticity analyses) to the survival of adults and least sensitive to fecundity, especially of 3 year olds. Further exploration of the importance of fecundity rates, which are relatively poorly known for these populations, suggests that rates of <0.4 fledglings per nest per year is very likely to lead to a population decline (λ less than lower bound of 95 % CI). Conversely, positive population growth is nearly assured (λ greater than upper bound of 95 % CI) for fecundities of >0.7 fledgling per nest per year. The results suggest that ibis from other locations (probably their traditional breeding areas in inland Australia) have immigrated into urban environments as estimated growth rates cannot account for current population sizes. Management strategies must take these findings into account and also consider that ibis are declining in their traditional habitats to avoid exacerbating their decline at a regional scale.
The thermoregulatory strategy of two sympatric colubrid snakes affects their demography
Authors: Lelièvre Hervé , Rivalan Philippe , Delmas Virginie , Ballouard Jean‐Marie , Bonnet Xavier , Blouin‐Demers Gabriel , Lourdais Olivier 
Published: July 2013

AbstractPopulation dynamics of terrestrial vertebrates are affected by climatic fluctuations, notably in ectotherms. An understanding of the interaction between physiology and demographic processes is necessary to predict the impacts of climate change. Reptiles are particularly sensitive to temperature, but only a few studies have explored the relationship between thermoregulatory strategy and demography in these animals. Using 12 years of mark‐recapture data on two sympatric colubrid snakes (Hierophis viridiflavus and Zamenis longissimus), we tested whether demographic parameters are influenced by contrasted thermoregulatory strategies. The thermophilic and conspicuous species (H. viridiflavus) grew faster than the thermoconforming and secretive species (Z. longissimus), and this difference was most pronounced in open habitats, suggesting that the metabolic benefits associated with high thermal preferences depend on environmental factors at small spatial scales. Survival varied annually in both species, but was not lower in H. viridiflavus despite a higher degree of exposure. In Z. longissimus, survival was negatively affected by low temperatures during the active season, possibly underlying an exposure trade‐off.
The Social Ecology of Resolving Family Conflict Among West African Immigrants in New York: A Grounded Theory Approach
Authors: Rasmussen Andrew , Chu Tracy , Akinsulure-Smith Adeyinka M. , Keatley Eva 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe current study employs a grounded theory approach to examine West African immigrants’ resolution of parent–child conflict and intimate partner conflict. Data from 59 participants present an interactive social ecological framework, where a lack of resolution at one level results in attempts to resolve problems at higher levels. Four levels are identified within West African immigrants’ problem solving ecology, each with specific actors in positions of authority: individual/dyadic (parents and spouses), extended family (which includes distant relatives and relatives living in home countries), community leadership (non‐family elders and religious leaders), and state authorities. From participants’ descriptions of family challenges emerged a picture of a social ecology in flux, with traditional, socially conservative modes of resolving family conflict transposed across migration into the more liberal and state‐oriented familial context of the United States. This transposition results in a loss spiral for the traditional social ecology, differentially affecting individual actors within families. Implications for helping professionals working with new immigrant communities include identifying variability in openness to adapting structures that are not working well (e.g., patriarchal protection of abusive husbands) and supporting structures known to be associated with well being (e.g., collective monitoring of youth).
The acoustic analogy in an annular duct with swirling mean flow
Authors: Posson H. , Peake N. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis paper is concerned with modelling the effects of swirling flow on turbomachinery noise. We develop an acoustic analogy to predict sound generation in a swirling and sheared base flow in an annular duct, including the presence of moving solid surfaces to account for blade rows. In so doing we have extended a number of classical earlier results, including Ffowcs Williams & Hawkings’ equation in a medium at rest with moving surfaces, and Lilley’s equation for a sheared but non-swirling jet. By rearranging the Navier–Stokes equations we find a single equation, in the form of a sixth-order differential operator acting on the fluctuating pressure field on the left-hand side and a series of volume and surface source terms on the right-hand side; the form of these source terms depends strongly on the presence of swirl and radial shear. The integral form of this equation is then derived, using the Green’s function tailored to the base flow in the (rigid) duct. As is often the case in duct acoustics, it is then convenient to move into temporal, axial and azimuthal Fourier space, where the Green’s function is computed numerically. This formulation can then be applied to a number of turbomachinery noise sources. For definiteness here we consider the noise produced downstream when a steady distortion flow is incident on the fan from upstream, and compare our results with those obtained using a simplistic but commonly used Doppler correction method. We show that in all but the simplest case the full inclusion of swirl within an acoustic analogy, as described in this paper, is required.
The rhythm of fountains: the length and time scales of rise height fluctuations at low and high Froude numbers
Authors: Burridge H. C. , Hunt G. R. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe magnitude and frequency of vertical fluctuations of the top of an axisymmetric miscible Boussinesq fountain forms the focus of this work. We present measurements of these quantities for saline-aqueous fountains in uniform quiescent surroundings. Our results span source Froude numbers $0. 3\leq {\mathrm{Fr} }_{0} \leq 40$ and, thereby, encompass very weak, weak, intermediate and forced classes of fountain. We identify distinct scalings, based on known quantities at the fountain source, for the frequency of fountain height fluctuations which collapse our data within bands of ${\mathrm{Fr} }_{0} $. Notably, our scalings reveal that the (dimensionless) frequency takes a constant value within each band. These results highlight characteristic time scales for the fluctuations which we decompose into a single, physically apparent, length scale and velocity scale within each band. Moreover, within one particular band, spanning source Froude numbers towards the lower end of the full range considered, we identify unexpectedly long-period fluctuations indicating a near balance of inertia and (opposing) buoyancy at the source. Our analysis identifies four distinct classes of fluctuation behaviour (four bands of ${\mathrm{Fr} }_{0} $) and this classification matches well with existing classifications of fountains based on rise heights. As such, we show that an analysis of the behaviour of the fountain top alone, rather than the entire fountain, provides an alternative approach to classifying fountains. The similarity of classifications based on the two different methods confirms that the boundaries between classes mark tangible changes in the physics of fountains. For high ${\mathrm{Fr} }_{0} $ we show that the dominant fluctuations occur at the scale of the largest eddies which can be contained within the fountain near its top. Extending this, we develop a Strouhal number, ${\mathrm{Str} }_{top} $, based on experimental measures of the fountain top, defined such that ${\mathrm{Str} }_{top} = 1$ would suggest the dominant fluctuations are caused by a continual cycle of eddies forming and collapsing at this largest physical scale. For high-${\mathrm{Fr} }_{0} $ fountains we find ${\mathrm{Str} }_{top} \approx 0. 9$.
Distribution of English textiles in the Spanish market at the beginning of the 18thcentury
Authors: Fernández-De-Pinedo Echevarría Nadia , Fernández-De-Pinedo Fernández Emiliano 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTThis article examines the marketing and distribution of foreign fabric, predominantly English, in the northern sub-plateau of Spain at the beginning of the 18thcentury using information from a fiscal source. The official tax record used in this study was a specific and special tax levied on cloth imported from countries with which Spain was at war. The details of this tax shed more light on a hotly debated topic with respect to transport and networks in modern Spain and make it possible to analyze and quantify the physical volume as well as the value and the destination of textiles.
‘Effects of’ and ‘effects with’ captions: How exactly does watching a TV programme with same-language subtitles make a difference to language learners?
Authors: Vanderplank Robert 
Published: July 2013

Ever since Karen Price's ground-breaking work in 1983, we have known that same-language subtitles (captions) primarily intended for the deaf and hearing-impaired can provide access to foreign language films and TV programmes which would otherwise be virtually incomprehensible to non-native-speaker viewers. Since then, researchers have steadily built up our knowledge of how learners may make use of these when watching.The question remains, however, whether, and to what extent, watching subtitled programmes over time helps develop learners’ language skills in various ways. Perhaps surprisingly, this question of long-term language development has still not been fully addressed in the research literature and we appear to be in a largely ‘confirmatory’ cycle. At an informal level, on the other hand, there are countless stories of learners who have been assisted in learning a foreign language by watching subtitled or captioned films and television.I shall review the contributions of key research studies to build up a picture of the current state of our knowledge and go on to outline, first, the current gaps in research and, second, some encouraging new approaches to learning by autonomous ‘users’ of foreign-language Internet media and same-language subtitles across languages, now more widely available.
The value of remnant trees in pastures for a neotropical poison frog
Authors: Robinson Darvé , Warmsley Adrienne , Nowakowski A. Justin , Reider Kelsey E. , Donnelly Maureen A. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract:Conversion of natural habitats to anthropogenic land uses is a primary cause of amphibian declines in species-rich tropical regions. However, agricultural lands are frequently used by a subset of forest-associated species, and the habitat value of a given land use is likely modified by the presence and characteristics of remnant trees. Here we used mark–recapture methods to examine abundances and movement probability of the poison frog, Oophaga pumilio, at individual trees in forest-fragment edges and adjacent pastures in north-eastern Costa Rica. One hundred and forty-seven trees were surveyed at three replicate sites that each included a forest fragment and adjacent pasture. Trees were sampled at distances of ≤30 m into forest and ≤150 m into pastures for Oophaga pumilio, and local environmental characteristics were measured at each tree. We also measured indices of physical condition (size and endurance) of frogs captured in forest edges and in nearby pastures. Analyses of 167 marked individuals showed no difference in per-tree abundances or sex ratios between pasture and forest edges. We found significant interactions between habitat type and leaf-litter cover, tree dbh and number of logs, indicating greater influence of local variables on abundances in pastures. Movement among trees was infrequent and not predicted by sex, size, habitat type or environmental variables. While results of endurance tests did not differ for individuals from the two habitats, frogs captured in pastures were, on average, larger than frogs captured in forest edges. These data indicate that remnant trees are important habitat features for O. pumilio in pastures and corroborate research in other systems that suggests that large relictual trees should be retained to maximize the potential for altered landscapes to provide habitat for native species.
Effect of rainfall seasonality on the growth of Cecropia sciadophylla: intra-annual variation in leaf production and node length
Authors: Zalamea Paul-Camilo , Sarmiento Carolina , Stevenson Pablo R. , Rodríguez Manuel , Nicolini Eric , Heuret Patrick 
Published: July 2013

Abstract:Patterns of leaf production and leaf fall directly influence leaf area index and forest productivity. Here, we focused on Cecropia sciadophylla individuals inhabiting the extremes of the gradient in seasonality in rainfall at which C. sciadophylla occurs. In Colombia and French Guiana we compared the intra-annual variation in leaf production as well as the intra-annual fluctuation in internode length on a total of 69 saplings ranging in size from 1 to 2 m. The mean rate of leaf production was ~2 leaves mo−1 in both populations, and the rate of leaf production was constant throughout the year. Our results showed monthly variation in internode length and the number of live leaves per sapling in the seasonal habitat and variation only in internode length in the everwet habitat. Because the rate of leaf production is constant at both localities, the difference in number of live leaves per sapling at the seasonal site must reflect seasonal variation in leaf life span. We show that in Cecropia, internode length can serve as an indicator of precipitation seasonality. Finally an open question is whether leaf production in other pioneer species is also independent of climatic seasonal cues. This information could allow us to link growth and climate of secondary forest species and better understand how past and future climate can affect plant growth trajectories.
Seed rain under the canopies of female and maleMyrsine coriacea, a pioneer tree from the Brazilian Atlantic forest
Authors: Begnini Romualdo Morelatto , Castellani Tânia Tarabini 
Published: July 2013

Abstract:Isolated pioneer trees have been shown to increase the deposition of animal-dispersed seeds. The effect of gender on seed rain has not yet been investigated, and this study aimed to evaluate whether female and male plants of a pioneer dioecious zoochoric tree differ with respect to the seed rain under their canopies. Seed rain was evaluated for 13 mo, from October 2009 to October 2010, in secondary vegetation of the Atlantic forest in southern Brazil. We used 60 seed traps (0.5 m2): 40 traps under the crowns of 40Myrsine coriacea(Primulaceae) trees (20 male and 20 female individuals) and 20 at sites without trees. We found 365071 diaspores belonging to 115 morphospecies from 37 families, and 38.3% of the morphospecies were trees, most of them zoochoric. The female trees accumulated a greater number of diaspores and species richness than male trees. The male trees accumulated a higher number of seeds and species than areas without trees. This study shows that sites containing female and male trees ofM. coriaceaand sites without trees differed significantly in terms of seed rain, and there is a gender effect in this dioecious, pioneer tree species because female plants promote an increase in the richness and abundance of diaspores.
Improving hip fracture care: striving for excellence
Authors: Nandi N , Maddula M , Sahota O 
Published: July 2013

SummaryHip fracture is a common and potentially devastating injury that occurs mainly in older people. The incidence is predicted to rise by 30% in the next 10 years alone. Many of those who recover suffer a loss of mobility and independence. There is growing emphasis to improve the care of patients sustaining hip fracture, especially in those with concurrent cognitive impairment. This review focuses on current best practice as well as several key areas of management, including analgesia, anaemia and nutrition. In doing so, we hope to identify interventions that may form the basis of a future Enhanced Recovery Pathway dedicated to hip fracture care.
The margin of appreciation, domestic irregularity and domestic court rulings in ECHR environmental jurisprudence: Global legal pluralism in action
Authors: HILSON CHRIS 
Published: July 2013

AbstractGlobal legal pluralism is concerned,inter alia, with the growing multiplicity of normative legal orders and the ways in which these different orders intersect and are accommodated with one another. The different means used for accommodation will have a critical bearing on how individuals fare within them. This article examines the recent environmental jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights to explore some of the means of reaching an accommodation between national legal orders and the European Convention. Certain types of accommodation – such as the margin of appreciation given to states by the Court – are well known. In essence, such mechanisms of legal pluralism raise a presumptive barrier which generally works for the state and against the individual rights-bearer. However, the principal focus of the current article is on a less well-known, recent set of pluralistic devices employed by the Court, which typically operate presumptively in the other direction, in favour of the individual. First, the Court looks to instances of breaches of domestic environmental law (albeit not in isolation); and second, it places an emphasis on whether domestic courts have ruled against the relevant activity. Where domestic standards have been breached or national courts have ruled against the state, then, presumptive weight is typically shifted towards the individual.
EU membership of the WTO: International trade disputes and judicial protection of individuals by EU Courts
Authors: THIES ANNE 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe European Union (EU) is embedded in a pluralistic legal context because of the EU and its Member States’ treaty memberships and domestic laws. Where EU conduct has implications for both the EU’s international trade relations and the legal position of individual traders, it possibly affects EU and its Member States’ obligations under the law of the World Trade Organization (WTO law) as well as the Union’s own multi-layered constitutional legal order. The present paper analyses the way in which the European Court of Justice (ECJ) accommodates WTO and EU law in the context of international trade disputes triggered by the EU. Given the ECJ’s denial of direct effect of WTO law in principle, the paper focuses on the protection of rights and remedies conferred by EU law. It assesses the implications of the WTO Dispute Settlement Understanding (DSU) – which tolerates the acceptance of retaliatory measures constraining traders’ activities in sectors different from those subject to the original trade dispute (BananasandHormonescases) – for the protection of ‘retaliation victims’. The paper concludes that governmental discretion conferred by WTO law has not affected theapplicabilityof EU constitutional law but possibly shapes the actualscopeof EU rights and remedies where such discretion is exercised in the EU’s general interest.
Global legal pluralism as fact and norm
Authors: ISIKSEL TURKULER 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis article interrogates the intellectual foundations of global legal pluralism as a descriptive and normative position, and assesses its core claims with reference to the changing status of individuals in the postnational realm. In order to uncover the normative core of the pluralist position, the article turns to the rich tradition of value pluralism in political philosophy, particularly as articulated by Isaiah Berlin. It argues that as a normative position, pluralism – whether applied to the abstract sphere of values or the concrete realm of legal regimes – is normatively underdetermined, offering too little guidance as to how the conflicts endemic to a pluralistic world ought to be resolved. Unless it is supplemented by other, more substantive principles of political legitimacy such as democracy, freedom, equality, or justice, the principle of pluralism applied to the global legal realm is poised to reproduce, even exacerbate, existing inequalities of power and resources among those whom it affects.
Extraordinary expansion of a Sorangium cellulosum genome from an alkaline milieu
Authors: Han Kui , Li Zhi-feng , Peng Ran , Zhu Li-ping , Zhou Tao , Wang Lu-guang , Li Shu-guang , Zhang Xiao-bo , Hu Wei , Wu Zhi-hong , Qin Nan , Li Yue-zhong 
Published: July 2013

AbstractComplex environmental conditions can significantly affect bacterial genome size by unknown mechanisms. The So0157-2 strain ofSorangium cellulosumis an alkaline-adaptive epothilone producer that grows across a wide pH range. Here, we show that the genome of this strain is 14,782,125 base pairs, 1.75-megabases larger than the largest bacterial genome fromS. cellulosumreported previously. The total 11,599 coding sequences (CDSs) include massive duplications and horizontally transferred genes, regulated by lots of protein kinases, sigma factors and related transcriptional regulation co-factors, providing the So0157-2 strain abundant resources and flexibility for ecological adaptation. The comparative transcriptomics approach, which detected 90.7% of the total CDSs, not only demonstrates complex expression patterns under varying environmental conditions but also suggests an alkaline-improved pathway of the insertion and duplication, which has been genetically testified, in this strain. These results provide insights into and a paradigm for how environmental conditions can affect bacterial genome expansion.