bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct C–H trifluoromethylation of di- and trisubstituted alkenes by photoredox catalysis
Authors: Tomita Ren , Yasu Yusuke , Koike Takashi , Akita Munetaka 
Published: May 2014

Background: Trifluoromethylated alkene scaffolds are known as useful structural motifs in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals as well as functional organic materials. But reported synthetic methods usually require multiple synthetic steps and/or exhibit limitation with respect to access to tri- and tetrasubstituted CF3-alkenes. Thus development of new methodologies for facile construction of Calkenyl–CF3 bonds is highly demanded.Results: The photoredox reaction of alkenes with 5-(trifluoromethyl)dibenzo[b,d]thiophenium tetrafluoroborate, Umemoto’s reagent, as a CF3 source in the presence of [Ru(bpy)3]2+ catalyst (bpy = 2,2’-bipyridine) under visible light irradiation without any additive afforded CF3-substituted alkenes via direct Calkenyl–H trifluoromethylation. 1,1-Di- and trisubstituted alkenes were applicable to this photocatalytic system, providing the corresponding multisubstituted CF3-alkenes. In addition, use of an excess amount of the CF3 source induced double C–H trifluoromethylation to afford geminal bis(trifluoromethyl)alkenes.Conclusion: A range of multisubstituted CF3-alkenes are easily accessible by photoredox-catalyzed direct C–H trifluoromethylation of alkenes under mild reaction conditions. In particular, trifluoromethylation of triphenylethene derivatives, from which synthetically valuable tetrasubstituted CF3-alkenes are obtained, have never been reported so far. Remarkably, the present facile and straightforward protocol is extended to double trifluoromethylation of alkenes.
Combination of seismic and resistivity tomography for the detection of abandoned mine workings in Münster/Westfalen, Germany: Improved data interpretation by cluster analysis
Authors: Kotyrba Beate , Schmidt Volkmar 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTThe detection of abandoned mine workings is a frequent objective of geophysical investigations. Several non‐destructive geophysical methods have the potential to image these structures, although in practice the interpretation of the results may be complicated. In this study, an abandoned mine was investigated using different geophysical methods on the same site. Seismic refraction tomography and resistivity tomography was undertaken on numerous profiles. With both methods it was possible to detect the mine workings, although interpretation of the resistivity distributions was difficult. To achieve a more meaningful interpretation of the results, seismic modelling was done. By cluster analysis, even further information about the condition of the galleries could be gained.
EUS-guided celiac plexus neurolysis/block
Authors: Choudhary Narendra S. , Puri Rajesh 
Published: May 2014

AbstractRefractory chronic abdominal pain as a result of inoperable pancreatic cancer or chronic pancreatitis poses a formidable challenge and can be effectively relieved with celiac axis block or celiac plexus neurolysis (CPN). Percutaneous celiac plexus block (CPB) or computed tomography (CT)-guidance using anterior or posterior approaches has some limitations. However, endoultrasound (EUS)-guided CPB has evolved itself as an effective and safe procedure for management of refractory abdominal pain. The EUS offers advantages, which include accurate anatomic imaging, real-time monitoring of injection, and anterior approach, which avoids neurologic complications. The CPN can be combined with staging and fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of a malignancy in the same session. The present review discusses anatomic details of celiac axis block, procedure-related details, complications, contraindications, comparison to other modalities, and results of various studies and author’s experience of EUS guided CPB/neurolysis.
Pertuzumab in Combination with Trastuzumab and Chemotherapy in the Treatment of HER2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer: Safety, Efficacy, and Progression Free Survival
Authors: Maly Joseph J. , Macrae Erin R. 
Published: May 2014

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors have revolutionized the oncology community and were pioneered by the use in HER2-targeted therapies. Improved outcomes were seen with the advent of trastuzumab, leading investigators to develop newer agents to target the HER2 pathway such as the novel monoclonal antibody pertuzumab. In this paper, we describe the attributes of pertuzumab including: mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics and metabolism, safety/cardiotoxicity, drug interactions, efficacy, and role in HER2-positive breast cancer management. Newly reviewed here versus previously published reviews on pertuzumab oriented therapy are data of pertuzumab monotherapy as it is used in combination with other anti-HER2 agents derived from preclinical research and ongoing clinical trials.Materials and MethodsA computer based literature search was carried out using PubMed data reported at international meetings (ASCO) up to September 2013 were included.
The Antibacterial Properties of Composite Resin Containing Nanosilver against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus
Authors: Azarsina Mohadese , Kasraei Shahin , Yousefi-Mashouf Rasoul , Dehghani Nima , Shirinzad Mehdi 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

Aim
The aim was to evaluate the antibacterial properties of composite resin containing nanosilver against Streptococcus mutans (SM) and Lactobacillus (L).

Materials and methods
Nanosilver was added to Z250 composite at 0.5 and 1% by weight. In order to confirm the homogenous distribution of the nanoparticles in the composite resin, SEM-EDX analysis was performed on one sample in each group. Z250 composite without nanosilver was used as control. Direct contact test was used to test the antibacterial properties of nanoparticle-loaded composites: 0.001 ml of 0.5 Mc Farland suspension of MS and L was placed on composite disks, and incubated for 1 hour in 5 to 10% CO2 incubator at 37°C. Samples were placed in 0.5 ml of sterile BHI broth and incubated for 2 hours in CO2 incubator. Afterwards, 0.001 ml liquid from each medium was distributed on blood agar plates and incubated for 48 hours in CO2 incubator. The numbers of bacterial colonies were counted visually. Data were analyzed using Two-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD test. Significance level was set at 0.05.

Results
Addition of nanosilver to composite resin had a significant effect on reduction of the number of SM and L colonies (p = 0.000). The antibacterial properties of composite resins are different depending on the concentration of nanosilver (p = 0.014). Tukey test indicated that increase in the concentration of nanosilver caused the increase in antibacterial properties of composite resin.

Conclusion
Addition of silver nanoparticles to Z250 composite could significantly inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus on the surface of this composite.

Clinical significance
The addition of nanosilver to Z250 composite could inhibit the growth of SM and L on the surface of the restoration and therefore prevent the occurrence of secondary caries.

How to cite this article
Azarsina M, Kasraei S, Yousefi- Mashouf R, Dehghani N, Shirinzad M. The Antibacterial Properties of Composite Resin Containing Nanosilver against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(6):1014-1018.
A Comparative Evaluation of Cleaning Efficacy (Debris and Smear Layer Removal) of Hand and Two NiTi Rotary Instrumentation Systems (K3 and ProTaper): A SEM Study
Authors: Vallikanthan Sangeetha , Reddy K Balakoti , Dash Shreemoy , Kallepalli Sowmya , Chakrapani N , Kalepu Vamsi 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

Objectives
The present study was conducted to compare the cleaning efficacy (debris and smear layer removal) of hand and two NiTi rotary instrumentation systems (K3 and ProTaper).

Materials and methods
Sixty single rooted human maxillary anterior teeth decoronated at the cementoenamel junction were used. All the specimens were divided into four groups of 15 teeth each, group I—ProTaper rotary instrumentation done, group II—K3 rotary instrumentation done, group III—Stainless steel K-file instrumentation done, group IV—root canal irrigation without instrumentation. Root canal preparation was done in a crown down manner and 3% sodium hypochlorite was used as irrigant after each file followed by final rinse with 5 ml of 17% EDTA solution, then specimens were scanning electron microscopic (SEM) examination.

Results
Statistical analysis was done using one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey's HSD test. Group I showed highly statistical significant difference compared to other groups. There was no statistically significant difference considering smear layer at any levels among the groups with no smear layer formation in group IV.

Conclusion
ProTaper rotary instrumentation showed the maximum cleaning efficacy followed by K3 rotary instrumentation in the coronal, middle and apical thirds of the root canal.

Clinical significance
ProTaper rotary instruments are more efficient than hand and K3 rotary instruments during root canal treatment.

How to cite this article
Reddy KB, Dash S, Kallepalli S, Vallikanthan S, Chakrapani N, Kalepu V. A Comparative Evaluation of Cleaning Efficacy (Debris and Smear Layer Removal) of Hand and Two NiTi Rotary Instrumentation Systems (K3 and ProTaper): A SEM Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(6):1028-1035.
Biomechanical Characteristics of Microimplant for Anchorage in Orthodontics: A 3D Finite Element Model Study
Authors: Lokesh NK , Prasad CMS Krishna , Naidu D Lakshmayya , Harini T , Lakshmi H Vidyadhara , Dharmesh HS 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
In orthodontic treatment, anchorage control is essential for success. A recent development, stationary anchorage (microimplants) eliminates one of the uncertainties of orthodontic tooth movement by offering absolute control over potentially undesirable counter movements. The objective of this study was to establish a 3D finite element model for microimplant and to analyze the influence of different angulations to the long axis of the teeth (30-90°) on the biomechanical characteristics of orthodontic anchorage implant-bone interface. Results of this study showed that largest stress and deformation was seen in the cortical bone and upper region of trabecular bone. Stress and deformation increased as the angulations of the implant to the long axis of the tooth increased. As the angulation of the implant to the long axis of maxillary 1st molar increased, stress and deformation also decreased. Maximum stress and displacement were recorded when implant was placed perpendicular to the long axis of maxillary 1st molar.

How to cite this article
Naidu DL, Harini T, Prasad CMSK, Lakshmi HV, Lokesh NK, Dharmesh HS. Biomechanical Characteristics of Microimplant for Anchorage in Orthodontics: A 3D Finite Element Model Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(6):1076-1079.
Influence of Disinfection with Peracetic Acid and Hypochlorite in Dimensional Alterations of Casts obtained from Addition Silicone and Polyether Impressions
Authors: Tonetto Mateus Rodrigues , Queiroz Daher Antonio , Peçanha Marcelo Massaroni , Neves Ana Christina Claro , Frizzera Fausto , Silva-Concílio Laís Regiane 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
Dental impressions disinfection is important to reduce the risk of cross contamination but this process may produce dimensional distortions. Peracetic acid is a disinfectant agent with several favorable characteristics yet underutilized in Dentistry. The aim of this paper is to compare the dimensional stability of casts obtained from addition silicone and polyether impressions that were immersed for 10 minutes in a solution of 0.2% peracetic acid or 1% sodium hypochlorite. Sixty samples in type IV gypsum were produced after a master cast that simulated a full crown preparation of a maxillary premolar. Samples were divided in 6 groups (n = 10) according to the impression material and disinfection agent: Group AC – addition silicone control (without disinfectant); Group APA – addition silicone + 0.2% peracetic acid; Group AH – addition silicone + 1% sodium hypochlorite; Group PC – polyether control (without disinfectant); Group PPA – polyether + 0.2% peracetic acid; Group PH – polyether + 1% sodium hypochlorite. Cast height, base and top diameter were measured and a mean value was obtained for each sample and group all data was statistically analyzed (ANOVA, p < 0.05). There was not a significant statistical difference between addition silicone and polyether impressions regardless of the disinfectant materials. It can be concluded that disinfection with the proposed agents did not produce significant alterations of the impressions and the peracetic acid could be considered a reliable material to disinfect dental molds.

How to cite this article
Queiroz DA, Peçanha MM, Neves ACC, Frizzera F, Tonetto MR, Silva-Concílio LR. Influence of Disinfection with Peracetic Acid and Hypochlorite in Dimensional Alterations of Casts obtained from Addition Silicone and Polyether Impressions. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(6):1100-1105.
Effect of a Metal Primer on the Adhesive Interface between Composite and Lingual Brackets
Authors: Neto Julio Pedra e Cal , de Albuquerque Calasans-Maia José , de Almeida Natalia Valli , Rohen Helen , Freire Maria Angélica Galvão 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

Aim
To test the null hypothesis was that there is no difference in the shear strength of indirectly bonded lingual brackets with or without prior application of metal primer on their bases.

Materials and methods
Forty recently extracted human premolars were obtained and randomly divided into two groups of 20 each: group I (control), phosphoric acid and indirect bonding with Maximum Cure (Reliance Orthodontic Products, Itasca, IL, USA); and group II, application of metal primer (Metal Primer, Reliance Orthodontic Products) on bracket base prior to conditioning and indirect bonding. All products were used according to the manufacturer's instructions. A universal testing machine was used to apply a shear force directly onto the enamel- bracket interface at a speed of 1.0 mm/min.

Results
Mean (SD) shear bond strength for group I was 12.87 (5.75) MPa and for the group II was 18.47 (8.48) MPa. The Student's t-test showed a significant difference (p = 0.0311) between the groups. The chi-square test for the adhesive remnant index (ARI) indicated that there was a significant difference (p = 0.2750).

Conclusion
The application of metal primer increased the adhesion of lingual brackets, and may be a promising procedure for clinical orthodontics.

How to cite this article
e Cal Neto JP, de Albuquerque Calasans-Maia J, de Almeida NV, Rohen H, Freire MAG. Effect of a Metal Primer on the Adhesive Interface Between Composite and Lingual Brackets. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(6):1106- 1108.
Enabling engineering students to become successful innovators and entrepreneurs
Authors: Kelessidis Vassilios C. 
Published: May 2014

Engineering students are educated to become problem solvers. We teach them the art of analysis and synthesis. During their time at the university they acquire abilities for analyzing problems by breaking them down into smaller problems, they identify and implement solutions and then synthesize them. In most countries this is not enough if they want to become successful entrepreneurs and innovators. Higher engineering education, however, should be the ideal environment for nesting highly advanced technological and scientific entrepreneurship. Little success has been reported of engineer entrepreneurs coming right after school, mainly because of relatively low motivation amongst students and teachers but also due to social, cultural and legal barriers.In today's world, enterprise sustainability and employability are uncertain, thus the task of successfully creating a new enterprise requires the best knowledge, application of good practices and the mastery of the most advanced methodologies in enterprise management and development. It becomes essential to develop abilities and skills and to deliver tools, adequate to the necessities of these entrepreneurs. Better prepared engineering graduates with appropriate training are more eager to start their own business, which can spur economic development. Training, however, should be more than teaching courses; hands on prototype development and support via simulation has proved effective in exposing students to the entrepreneurial world and in enhancing skills and knowledge.In this paper we present tools we have developed and practices we have implemented to motivate our engineering students to become innovators, to develop their ideas and to establish their own businesses. The first tool is the Nursery of Ideas, which enables students who have an innovative idea to proceed, under guidance from mentors to utilize laboratory equipment of the University, and to build a prototype, which can prove or disprove their idea. Formal support is given to the student in terms of monetary assistance for building their prototype and with mentoring through the whole process. The second tool is the utilization of a virtual environment, which integrates four training platforms that altogether aim toward providing entrepreneurship training based on business simulation.
“I don't want financial support but verbal support.” How do caregivers manage children's access to and retention in HIV care in urban Zimbabwe?
Authors: Busza Joanna , Dauya Ethel , Bandason Tsitsi , Mujuru Hilda , Ferrand Rashida A 
Published: May 2014

IntroductionChildren living with HIV experience particular challenges in accessing HIV care. Children usually rely on adult caregivers for access to care, including timely diagnosis, initiation of treatment and sustained engagement with HIV services. The aim of this study was to inform the design of a community‐based intervention to support caregivers of HIV‐positive children to increase children's retention in care as part of a programme introducing decentralized HIV care in primary health facilities.MethodsUsing an existing conceptual framework, we conducted formative research to identify key local contextual factors affecting children's linkages to HIV care in Harare, Zimbabwe. We conducted semi‐structured interviews with 15 primary caregivers of HIV‐positive children aged 6–15 years enrolled at a hospital clinic for at least six months, followed by interviews with nine key informants from five community‐based organizations providing adherence support or related services.ResultsWe identified a range of facilitators and barriers that caregivers experience. Distance to the hospital, cost of transportation, fear of disclosing HIV status to the child or others, unstable family structure and institutional factors such as drug stock‐outs, healthcare worker absenteeism and unsympathetic school environments proved the most salient limiting factors. Facilitators included openness within the family, availability of practical assistance and psychosocial support from community members.ConclusionsThe proposed decentralization of HIV care will mitigate concerns about distance and transport costs but is likely to be insufficient to ensure children's sustained retention. Following this study, we developed a package of structured home visits by voluntary lay workers to proactively address other determinants such as disclosure within families, access to available services and support through caregivers’ social networks. A randomized controlled trial is underway to assess impact on children's retention in care over two years.
Responses of the lower thermospheric temperature to the 9 day and 13.5 day oscillations of recurrent geomagnetic activity
Authors: Jiang Guoying , Wang Wenbin , Xu Jiyao , Yue Jia , Burns Alan G. , Lei Jiuhou , Mlynczak Martin G. , Rusell James M. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractResponses of the lower thermospheric temperature to the 9 day and 13.5 day oscillations of recurrent geomagnetic activity and solar EUV radiation have been investigated using neutral temperature data observed by the TIMED/SABER (Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics/Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry) instrument and numerical experiments by the NCAR‐TIME‐GCM (National Center for Atmospheric Research–thermosphere‐ionosphere‐mesosphere electrodynamics–general circulation model). The TIMED/SABER data analyzed were for the period from 2002 to 2007 during the declining phase of solar cycle 23. The observations show that the zonal mean temperature in the lower thermosphere oscillated with periods of near 9 and 13.5 days in the height range of 100–120 km. These oscillations were more strongly correlated with the recurrent geomagnetic activity than with the solar EUV variability of the same periods. The 9 day and 13.5 day oscillations of lower thermospheric temperature had greater amplitudes at high latitudes than at low latitudes; they also had larger amplitudes at higher altitudes, and the oscillations could penetrate down to ~105 km, depending on the strength of the recurrent geomagnetic activity for a particular time period. The data further show that the periodic responses of the lower thermospheric temperature to recurrent geomagnetic activity were different in the two hemispheres. In addition, numerical experiments have been carried out using the NCAR‐TIME‐GCM to investigate the causal relationship between the temperature oscillations and the geomagnetic activity and solar EUV variations of the same periods. Model simulations showed the same periodic oscillations as those seen in the observations when the real geomagnetic activity index, Kp, was used to drive the model. These numerical results show that recurrent geomagnetic activity is the main cause of the 9 day and 13.5 day variations in the lower thermosphere temperature, and the contribution from solar EUV variations is minor. Furthermore, we also found that consecutive coronal mass ejection events could cause long‐duration enhancements in the lower thermospheric temperature that strengthen the 9 day and 13.5 day signals, and this kind of phenomenon mostly occurred between 2002 and 2005 during the declining phase of solar cycle 23.
Multisatellite observations of an intensified equatorial ionization anomaly in relation to the northern Sumatra earthquake of March 2005
Authors: Ryu K. , Lee E. , Chae J. S. , Parrot M. , Oyama K.‐I. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractHere we report multisatellite observations of ionospheric disturbances in relation to the occurrence of the M8.7 northern Sumatra earthquake of 28 March 2005. The DEMETER (Detection of Electro‐Magnetic Emissions Transmitted from Earthquake Regions) and CHAMP (Challenging Minisatellite Payload) satellite data were investigated to find possible precursory and postevent phenomena. It was found that EIA (equatorial ionization anomaly) strength expressed in the apex height, derived from the CHAMP plasma density profile, was intensified along the orbits whose longitudes were close to the epicenter within about a week before and after occurrence of the earthquake. Increases in electron and O+ density along the orbits close to the epicenter were also observed in the DEMETER measurements. The normalized equatorial plasma density derived from the DEMETER measurements showed intensification about a week before and after the earthquake reaching maximum the day after the shock and afterward disappearing. In addition, similar behavior of the EIA enhancements related to the M8.0 Pisco earthquake of 15 August 2007 was observed. Surveys of space weather and geomagnetic activities excluded the possibility that these fluctuations were caused by changes in space weather or by a geomagnetic storm. Statistical analyses of the longitudinal variation revealed that the EIA was enhanced in the west of the epicenter and reduced in the east of the epicenter, and this fits the “increased conductivity” model. Based on these observations, we proposed a revised view of seismo‐ionospheric coupling in the region of the geomagnetic equator, to explain the EIA features observed in this study.