bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic algorithm in finding Pareto frontier of optimizing data transfer versus job execution in grids
Authors: Taheri Javid , Zomaya Albert Y. , Khan Samee U. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryThis work presents a genetic algorithm (GA)‐based optimization technique, called GA‐ParFnt, to find the Pareto frontier for optimizing data transfer versus job execution time in grids. As the performance of a generic GA is not suitable to find such Pareto relationship, major modifications are applied to it so that it can efficiently discover such relationship. The frontier curve representing this relationship is then matched against performance of several scheduling techniques—for both data intensive and computationally intensive applications—to measure their overall performances. Results show that few of these algorithms are far from the Pareto front despite their claims of being efficient in optimizing their targeted objectives. Results also provide invaluable insights into this formidable problem and should aid in the design of future schedulers. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Invasion history and demographic pattern of Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 across European populations of the chestnut blight fungus
Authors: Bryner Sarah F. , Rigling Daniel , Brunner Patrick C. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe reconstructed the invasion history of the fungal virus Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (CHV‐1) in Europe, which infects the chestnut blight fungus Cryphonectria parasitica. The pattern of virus evolution was inferred based on nucleotide sequence variation from isolates sampled across a wide area in Europe at different points in time. Phylogeny and time estimates suggested that CHV‐1 was introduced together with its fungal host to Europe and that it rapidly colonized the central range along the south facing slopes of the Alps and the north‐east facing slopes of the Dinaric Alps. These central populations were the source for two waves of simultaneous invasions toward the southern Balkans and Turkey, as indicated by migration rates. Our results showed that the evolutionary scenarios for CHV‐1 and C. parasitica were spatially congruent. As infection with CHV‐1 reduces the pathogenicity of C. parasitica toward the chestnut tree, CHV‐1 invasions of the newly established C. parasitica populations probably prevented the development of devastating chestnut blight epidemics in Europe. We propose that in this, and supposedly in other pathosystems, geographic, vegetation‐related, demographic, economic, and political factors may help explain the correlated invasion pattern of a parasite and its host.
Development of multireflection absorption spectroscopy device using ultraviolet LEDs
Authors: Fukuchi Tetsuo , Shiina Tatsuo 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAn ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy device using light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) as the light source was constructed. The measurement cell, light source, and transmitting and receiving optics were installed on a breadboard measuring 30 × 30 cm. A measurement optical path length of 1 m was made possible by multireflection optics. The device can mount two LEDs in tandem, and the transmitted light is coupled to an optical fiber, which is connected to a compact spectrometer. Two LEDs with center wavelengths of 280 and 295 nm were used to provide an emission spectrum which covered the peak region of the absorption spectrum of SO2 . Experiments confirmed the linearity of the absorption coefficient measured by the device for SO2 concentrations in the range of 16 to 800 ppm. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 95(12): 62–68, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11419
Emergence of migration behavior and adaptiogenesis to environments with sensory agents: Multigenerational migration of the monarch butterfly
Authors: Suetsugu Katsuya , Mutoh Atsuko , Kato Shohei , Kunitachi Tsutomu , Itoh Hidenori 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAn artificial ecosystem model was developed to study complex behavior of real organisms. The subject of the research is multigenerational migration of the Monarch butterfly in North America, and we approached the problem from an evolutionary simulation. The ecosystem consists of artificial agents and five areas. The model is based on real organisms and the areas where they live simulated with a genetic algorithm. We then designed a model of agents that have genetic factors. These genetic factors determine the behavioral strategies, physical features, and transformational strategies of the agent. Each area is modeled on areas where we can see the migration of the Monarch, and the environmental factors of each area change periodically. Because of the genetic factor of the agent and the change of the environmental factors, the agent adapts to the environment and evolves gradually by using a genetic algorithm. Results of the evolutionary simulation show that multigenerational migration behavior of the agent emerges as its genetic factors adapt to periodic changes of the environmental factors in their evolution. The migration process of agents and their genetic factors are discussed, and the migration of the agent and that of the Monarch butterfly are compared. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 95(12): 46–55, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11422
Deviance in group decision making: Group‐member centrality alleviates negative consequences for the group
Authors: Rijnbout Jasmine S. , McKimmie Blake M. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractResearch on the effects of deviance during group decision making has shown that although it can lead to increased innovation and creativity within the group, group members often dislike the deviant member and rate group morale as lower because of dissent during the decision‐making process. The current study (N = 101) uses an information processing approach to examine the effect of deviance on decision outcomes as well as investigate how the perceived position of group members can influence whether they are given leeway to voice dissent. Results found that deviance can improve group decision making without incurring social costs when a deviant group member occupies a central position within the group. These findings are novel within the field of deviance research yet are consistent with research on group criticism and idiosyncrasy credit and therefore have significant implications for literature on the effect of group deviance and the application of deviance techniques within organisational and educational settings. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An experimental investigation on seawater SO2 scrubbing for marine application
Authors: Caiazzo Giuseppe , Langella Giuseppe , Miccio Francesco , Scala Fabrizio 
Published: November 2012

A seawater spray scrubber was set up and tested with focus to desulfurization of marine engine exhaust gas. Experimental tests were carried out simulating typical exhaust conditions of a marine diesel engine burning heavy fuel oil and using real seawater. Different flue gas flow rates, seawater flow rates, and SO2 concentrations were tested. Liquid‐to‐gas ratios were in the range 1–10 × 10−3. A comparison between seawater and distilled water was also carried out to elucidate the effect of seawater alkalinity. In all conditions, the liquid phase was analyzed for alkalinity, pH, and sulfate content before and after the tests. Finally, the spray droplet size distribution was measured as a function of liquid flow rate.Experimental results indicated that seawater performed better than distilled water, by exploiting its inherent alkalinity. The desulfurization performance was improved by increasing the liquid flow rate and the gas residence time and by decreasing the SO2 concentration. SO2 capture efficiencies up to 93% were measured under the present operating conditions. The experimental data were further compared with calculations performed with an available model for SO2 absorption in fall‐down droplets within a simple plug‐flow reactor. Model calculations were carried out by using all parameters' values as measured in the present experimental campaign. Model results well fit the experimental data, even if a slight underestimation of the desulfurization efficiency is reported. The likely reasons are the assumed plug flow of gas as well as the neglected contribution to SO2 capture by water film falling at the wall. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 32: 1179–1186, 2013
An Option‐Based Approach to Risk Arbitrage in Emerging Markets: Evidence from Taiwan Takeover Attempts
Authors: Lin Luke , Lan Li‐Huei , Chuang Shuang‐shii 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTPredicting the accuracy rate of takeover completion is the major key to risk arbitrage returns. In emerging markets, data on takeover attempts are either unavailable or of poor quality. Therefore, this paper proposes an option‐based approach to improve the accuracy of prediction. Empirical research on Taiwan takeovers shows that by this approach, the accuracy rate is 71.15%—considerably higher than the average of 54.81% using qualitative models. There exist, on average, three opportunities to close arbitrage positions, at a time before completion dates, when the target and acquiring stock prices converge. The annualized abnormal return is 42.19% greater than it would otherwise be. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Upregulation of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor expression in nodose ganglia and the lower brainstem of hypertensive rats
Authors: Vermehren‐Schmaedick Anke , Jenkins Victoria K. , Hsieh Hui‐ya , Brown Alexandra L. , Page Mollie P. , Brooks Virginia L. , Balkowiec Agnieszka 
Published: November 2012

AbstractHypertension leads to structural and functional changes at baroreceptor synapses in the medial nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Our previous studies show that brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is abundantly expressed by rat nodose ganglion (NG) neurons, including baroreceptor afferents and their central terminals in the medial NTS. We hypothesized that hypertension leads to upregulation of BDNF expression in NG neurons. To test this hypothesis, we used two mechanistically distinct models of hypertension, the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and the deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)‐salt rat. Young adult SHRs, whose blood pressure was significantly elevated compared with age‐matched Wistar‐Kyoto (WKY) control rats, exhibited dramatic upregulation of BDNF mRNA and protein in the NG. BDNF transcripts from exon 4, known to be regulated by activity, and exon 9 (protein‐coding region) showed the largest increases. Electrical stimulation of dispersed NG neurons with patterns that mimic baroreceptor activity during blood pressure elevations led to increases in BDNF mRNA that were also mediated through promoter 4. The increase in BDNF content of the NG in vivo was associated with a significant increase in the percentage of BDNF‐immunoreactive NG neurons. Moreover, upregulation of BDNF in cell bodies of NG neurons was accompanied by a significant increase in BDNF in the NTS region, the primary central target of NG afferents. A dramatic increase in BDNF in the NG was also detected in DOCA‐salt hypertensive rats. Together, our study identifies BDNF as a candidate molecular mediator of activity‐dependent changes atbaroafferent synapses during hypertension. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Elevated serum haptoglobin after traumatic brain injury is synthesized mainly in liver
Authors: Yang Shuguang , Ma Yanhong , Liu Yong , Que Haiping , Zhu Changqiang , Liu Shaojun 
Published: November 2012

AbstractHaptoglobin (Hp), an acute‐phase response protein, is typically increased in the serum of adults after acute tissue injury. It is an antioxidant and may function as an injury‐induced neuroprotective protein. However, the source of increased Hp is not clear. To investigate its source, we compared its time course expression profile in serum from rats with or without traumatic brain injury (TBI). Elevated Hp levels revealed by proteomic analysis were confirmed by Western blot, semiquantitative PCR, and real‐time PCR. We found that Hp protein and mRNA levels were increased after TBI in both serum and liver, especially in liver. Both in vivo and in vitro data showed that Hp expression was increased in rat and human (HL7702) liver cells upon treatment with TBI serum. Addition of anti‐interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) antibody downregulated the expression of Hp in liver cells induced by serum derived from rats and in liver of rats after TBI. These findings suggest that the increased Hp in serum came from the liver in response to TBI and that IL‐6 is an important mediator of this induction. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Random‐effects meta‐analysis of time‐to‐event data using the expectation–maximisation algorithm and shrinkage estimators
Authors: Simmonds Mark C , Higgins Julian PT , Stewart Lesley A 
Published: November 2012

Meta‐analysis of time‐to‐event data has proved difficult in the past because consistent summary statistics often cannot be extracted from published results. The use of individual patient data allows for the re‐analysis of each study in a consistent fashion and thus makes meta‐analysis of time‐to‐event data feasible. Time‐to‐event data can be analysed using proportional hazards models, but incorporating random effects into these models is not straightforward in standard software.This paper fits random‐effects proportional hazards models by treating the random effects as missing data and applying the expectation–maximisation algorithm. This approach has been used before by using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods to perform the expectation step of the algorithm. In this paper, the expectation step is simplified, without sacrificing accuracy, by approximating the expected values of the random effects using simple shrinkage estimators. This provides a robust method for fitting random‐effects models that can be implemented in standard statistical packages. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Failure behaviour of carbon/carbon composite under compression
Authors: Horvath J. , Tushtev K. , Grathwohl G. , Koch D. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn dieser Arbeit wurden die Eigenschaften eines Kohlenstoff‐Faserverbundwerkstoffs unter quasistatischer Druckbelastung untersucht und modellhaft beschrieben. Der Werkstoff wurde durch Pyrolyse hergestellt und besteht aus bidirektional verstärkten Gewebelagen. Für die Druckversuche wurde eine Vorrichtung zur Vermeidung überlagerter Biegebeanspruchung angefertigt. Das Spannungs‐Dehnungsverhalten dieses Werkstoffs wurde schon in verschiedenen Veröffentlichungen wiedergegeben. Hier wird auf das Bruchverhalten eingegangen und die experimentellen Ergebnisse aus den Druckversuchen den Kennwerten aus Zug‐ und Scherversuchen gegenübergestellt. Die unterschiedlichen Druck‐ und Zugeigenschaften von Steifigkeit, Querkontraktion und Festigkeit wurden bewertet. Unterschiede zwischen Zug‐ und Druckverhalten ergeben sich bei Belastung in Faserrichtung durch lokales Ausknicken und Rissschließung. Erfolgt die Belastung nicht in Faserrichtung, führen überlagerte Druck‐Normalspannungen zu erhöhter Scherreibung.
Comparative topographic study of surface micro‐relief of primary martensite plates in shape memory alloys with different crystalline structures
Authors: Suru M.‐G. , Bujoreanu L.‐G. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe surface micro‐reliefs of primary martensite plates, representative for two shape memory alloys (SMAs) with different crystalline structures were compared from qualitative and quantitative point of view by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, respectively. Qualitative evaluations revealed larger widths and heights of the primary plates of ε hexagonal close packed (hcp) martensite, in an Fe‐Mn‐Si‐Cr‐Ni SMA than those of β2′ orthorhombic (9R) martensite, in a Cu‐Zn‐Al SMA. Quantitative evaluations were based on systematic dimensional measurements of the width and height of primary plate profiles. The measurements were performed on one hundred and twenty five profiles, five on each martensite plate belonging to five typical groups of primary plates, with length above 50 micrometers, of both ε hcp and β2′ 9R martensites. In order to compare the topographies of the two types of plates a statistical evaluation of the dimensional intervals of width and height of measured plates was performed.
Material stability analysis of rock joints
Authors: Duriez Jérôme , Darve Félix , Donzé Frédéric‐Victor , Nicot François 
Published: November 2012

SUMMARYFor prediction of rockfalls, the failure of rock joints is studied. Considering these failures as constitutive instabilities, a second‐order work criterion is used because it explains all divergence instabilities (flutter instabilities are excluded). The bifurcation domain and the loading directions of instabilities, which fulfill the criterion, are determined for any piecewise linear constitutive relation. The instability of rock joints appears to be ruled by coupling features of the behavior (e.g., dilatancy). Depending on the loading parameters, instabilities can lead to failure, even before the plastic limit criterion. Results for two given constitutive relations illustrate the approach. Some given loading paths are especially considered. Constant volume (undrained) shear and τ‐constant paths are stable or not depending on the link between the deviatoric stress and strain along undrained paths, as found for soils. Some unstable loading paths are illustrated. Along these paths, failure before the plastic limit criterion is possible. The corresponding failure rules are determined. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Palm oil‐based unsaturated polyester: Activation energy and swelling properties
Authors: Lai Choay‐Mon , Rozman Hj. Din , Tay Guan‐Seng 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn this study, unsaturated polyester (UP) resin based on palm oil was synthesized. Palm oil monoglyceride (POMG) was obtained by alchoholysis process of palm oil at 230°C for 3 h. Then, POMG was treated with maleic anhydride (MA) at different ratio of POMG:MA to produce UP resin. The products were then characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR) spectrometer. FTIR and 1H‐NMR spectrum analyses confirmed that the unsaturated group of MA was chemically attached to POMG. The activation energy of POMG/MA reaction was also studied. The results showed that the ratio of reactants and the presence of 2‐methylimidazole influenced the activation energy of reaction. The prepared UP resin was mixed with 35% of styrene, 0.3% of cobalt naphthenate, and 1% of methyl ethyl ketone peroxide before it was subjected to curing process. The effect of POMG/MG ratio on swelling properties of the cured UP was studied, and the result indicated that toluene and cured UP resin were compatible. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Branched copolymers with biodegradable core and pendant oxirane groups
Authors: Neugebauer Dorota , Maksym‐Bębenek Paulina , Mielańczyk Anna , Biela Tadeusz 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe reactive oxirane groups were incorporated into the macromolecule as substituents in the side chains of loosely‐grafted copolymer or in the arms of star‐shaped copolymer using glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) in the controlled atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The branched GMA copolymers with various architectures were obtained by using hydrophobic copolymers containing six and seven units of caprolactone 2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl ester (CLMA) functionalized with bromoester groups, and trifunctional poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL), as well as hydrophilic tri‐, and six‐functional acetal derivatives of D‐glucopyranosides as (macro)initiators with biodegradable and biocompatible properties. The well‐defined copolymers with core‐shell structures and polymerization degrees of GMA in the range of 20–100 per side chain/arm at 20–70% of monomer conversion within 1–6 h and narrow molecular weight distributions (Mw/Mn = 1.14–1.4) were obtained. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
The synthesis of poly(vinyl cinnamates) and its self‐assembled structure
Authors: Du Haiyan , Liu Ruodong , Zhang Junhua , Liu Shibin , Hao Xiaogang , Han Xuemin 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPoly(vinyl cinnamates) (PVCi) with different degrees of substitution (DS) are synthesized by grafting p‐chloro‐substituted cinnamic acid onto poly(vinyl alcohol). The chemical structures of PVCi were confirmed by 1H NMR. Amphiphilic PVCi copolymers were self‐assembled into particles in a selective solvent. The morphology and diameter of particles have been studied by scanning electron microscopic and dynamic light scattering. The morphology and hydrodynamic diameter have strong relationship with DS and water content introduced during self‐assembly process. The prepared PVCi could photo‐cross‐link at λ = 360 nm due to the photodimerization between pendant cinnamate groups. However, the self‐assembled PVCi particles did not present photo‐crosslinking behavior. The formed regular particles could disperse in aqueous solution, which increases their applications in biomedical fields. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
The Stranski–Krastanow transition in SiGe epitaxy investigated by scanning transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Walther Thomas , Norris David J. , Qiu Yang , Dobbie Andrew , Myronov Maksym , Leadley David R. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe Stranski–Krastanow growth mode describes the transition from two‐dimensional flat strained layer epitaxy to the formation of islands that can be technologically used as quantum dots. This has so far been utilized for In(Ga)As/GaAs and Ge/Si heteroepitaxy. Here, we investigate multilayer samples of SiGe alloys grown with different germanium content and thicknesses by reduced pressure chemical vapor phase epitaxy and show that a similar transition can be found in the Si1−xGex‐on‐Si system at x ≈ 0.28. Using a combination of annular dark‐field imaging and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy in an analytical transmission electron microscope, we demonstrate that it is the total amount of Ge deposited that determines whether the layers stay flat or roughen, and it is germanium segregation that determines whether and when the transition occurs. While layers with nominally pure Ge roughen at a thickness of ∼0.5 nm, Si1−xGex layers with x ≥ 0.28 stay flat for much longer, until segregated Ge at the surface leads to islanding. Layers below that critical concentration (x ≤ 0.27) can stay flat up to even higher thicknesses, possibly until dislocations will be formed. The critical thickness for the Stranski–Krastanow transition at x = 0.28 is d = 1.7 nm.