bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microstructured surfaces in highly loaded elastohydrodynamic (EHD)‐contacts – manufacturing and tribological performance
Authors: Schrader T. , Weschta M. , Engel U. , Tremmel S. , Merklein M. , Wartzack S. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn low loaded sliding contacts, as journal bearings or piston contacts, defined microstructures on surfaces were identified for friction reduction purposes and are well established in industrial applications. It is stated that microstructures act as lubricant reservoirs and support lubricant film development. Within the scope of these investigations microstructures are specifically adapted for the tribological load collective of cam follower systems as a representative of highly loaded contacts. For those contacts, the effects of microstructures are still subject of investigations. In this paper a method for efficient microstructuring by micro laser ablation is described. The investigations focus on the determination of the geometric and mechanical properties of the microstructures as well as on the tribological behavior of the microstructured surfaces by two tribological tests.
Tribological comparison of different surface topographies coated with chromium aluminum nitride
Authors: Tillmann W. , Herper J. , Laemmerhirt I.‐A. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe reduction of friction and wear is one important goal for the extension of the tool life in many industrial applications. The forming and cutting industries in particular, are very interested in new techniques and surface coating characteristics that will improve the tribological behavior of the tools. Biomimetics is a very promising approach using biological surfaces or phenomena to optimize the properties of engineering components. The “Lotus Effect” is the most famous example, whereby surfaces are made water‐ and dirt‐repellent. Taking a closer look at nature, it can be noticed that many different natural surfaces have perfectly adapted to their environment in order to meet the respective requirements. Extending the use of natural and biological effects to improve the material performance, it was discovered that the skin of many insects has an excellent frictional behavior and thus the potential to be transferred onto technical surfaces. In this paper, the surface structure of a dung beetle (db) was investigated. The main objective was to combine nature‐adapted surface patterns with wear‐resistant near‐netshape PVD‐coatings (PVD=physical vapour deposition), in order to improve the tribological properties of a tool surface. The shell of the beetle served as a pattern for the structure of the surfaces. A substrate, composed of high speed steel material, was structured by means of milling prior to the deposition of a chromium aluminum nitride multilayer coating system, using a magnetron sputtering process. The mechanical and tribological properties of the structured and coated surfaces were compared by means of nanoindentation, ball‐on‐disc‐testing, and scanning electron microscopy.
Energy substrate influences the effect of the timing of the first embryonic cleavage on the development of in vitro‐produced porcine embryos in a sex‐related manner
Authors: Torner Eva , Bussalleu Eva , Briz Maria D. , Yeste Marc , Bonet Sergi 
Published: August 2013

SUMMARYIn vitro culture conditions and certain events during the earliest stages of development are linked to embryonic survival, possibly in a sex‐related manner. In vitro‐produced (IVP) porcine embryos cultured with glucose (IVC‐Glu) or pyruvate–lactate (IVC‐PL) were tested for any relationship between the timing of the first embryonic cleavage and development and sex ratio. The embryos were assigned to IVC‐Glu or IVC‐PL groups and classified depending on the timing of their first cleavage: 24, 26, 30, and 48 hr post‐insemination (hpi). They were cultured separately in vitro and evaluated for cleavage rate and pattern, blastocyst rate and stage, cell number, apoptosis, and sex ratio. Regardless of energy source, the percentage of two‐cell stage and fragmented embryos at the time of their first cleavage was, respectively, higher and lower in early‐cleaving embryos. Those embryos cleaved by 24 hpi developed to blastocysts at a higher rate (IVC‐Glu: 37.90 ± 3.06%; IVC‐PL: 38.73 ± 4.08%) than those cleaved between 30 and 48 hpi (IVC‐Glu: 5.87 ± 3.02%; IVC‐PL: 8.41 ± 3.50%). Furthermore, a shift toward males was seen among embryos first cleaved before 30 hpi, versus towards females among those cleaved later. The early‐cleaving embryos, only from the IVC‐PL group, had a higher proportion of expanded blastocysts (81.05 ± 6.54% vs. 13.33 ± 13.33%) with higher cell numbers than their late‐cleaving counterparts. Moreover, a shift toward males only appeared at the blastocyst stage in IVC‐PL embryos. These findings confirm that the timing of the first cleavage influences development of IVP porcine embryos in a sex‐related manner, and it depends on the main energy source of the in vitro culture medium. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 80: 924–935, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Initial testing (stage 1) of the polo‐like kinase inhibitor volasertib (BI 6727), by the Pediatric Preclinical Testing Program
Authors: Gorlick Richard , Kolb E. Anders , Keir Stephen T. , Maris John M. , Reynolds C. Patrick , Kang Min H. , Carol Hernan , Lock Richard , Billups Catherine A. , Kurmasheva Raushan T. , Houghton Peter J. , Smith Malcolm A. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundVolasertib (BI 6727) is a potent inhibitor of Polo‐like kinase 1 (Plk1), that is overexpressed in several childhood cancers and cell lines. Because of its novel mechanism of action, volasertib was evaluated through the PPTP.ProceduresVolasertib was tested against the PPTP in vitro cell line panel at concentrations from 0.1 nM to 1.0 μM and against the PPTP in vivo xenograft panels administered IV at a dose of 30 mg/kg (solid tumors) or 15 mg/kg (ALL models) using a q7dx3 schedule.ResultsIn vitro volasertib demonstrated cytotoxic activity, with a median relative IC50 value of 14.1 nM, (range 6.0–135 nM). Volasertib induced significant differences in EFS in 19 of 32 (59%) of the evaluable solid tumor xenografts and in 2 of 4 (50%) of the evaluable ALL xenografts. Volasertib induced tumor growth inhibition meeting criteria for intermediate EFS T/C (>2) activity in 11 of 30 (37%) evaluable solid tumor xenografts, including neuroblastoma (4 of 6) and glioblastoma (2 of 3) panels, and 2 of 4 ALL models. Objective responses (CR's) were observed for 4 of 32 solid tumor (two neuroblastoma, one glioblastoma, and one rhabdomyosarcoma) and one of four ALL xenografts.ConclusionsVolasertib shows potent in vitro activity against the PPTP cell lines with no histotype selectivity. In vivo, volasertib induced regressions in several xenograft models. However, pharmacokinetic data suggest that mice tolerate higher systemic exposure to volasertib than humans, suggesting that the current results may over‐estimate potential clinical efficacy against the childhood cancers studied. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:158–164. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Metformin therapy and kidney disease: a review of guidelines and proposals for metformin withdrawal around the world
Authors: Kajbaf Farshad , Arnouts Paul , de Broe Marc , Lalau Jean‐Daniel 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveWe compared and contrasted guidelines on metformin treatment in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) around the world, with the aim of helping physicians to refine their analysis of the available evidence before deciding whether to continue or withdraw this drug.MethodsWe performed a systematic research for metformin contraindications in: (i) official documents from the world's 20 most populated countries and the 20 most scientifically productive countries in the field of diabetology and (ii) publications referenced in electronic databases from 1990 onwards.ResultsWe identified three international guidelines, 31 national guidelines, and 20 proposals in the scientific literature. The criteria for metformin withdrawal were (i) mainly qualitative in the most populated countries; (ii) mainly quantitative in the most scientifically productive countries (with, in all cases, a suggested threshold for withdrawing metformin); and (iii) quantitative in all, but one of the literature proposals, with a threshold for withdrawal in most cases (n = 17) and/or adjustment of the metformin dose as a function of renal status (n = 8). There was a good degree of consensus on serum creatinine thresholds; whereas guidelines based on estimated glomerular filtration rate thresholds varied from 60 mL/minute/1.73 m2 up to stage 5 CKD. Only one of the proposals has been tested in a prospective study.ConclusionsIn general, proposals for continuing or stopping metformin therapy in CKD involve a threshold (whether based on serum creatinine or estimated glomerular filtration rate) rather than the dose adjustment as a function of renal status (in stable patients) performed for other drugs excreted by the kidney. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Poly(methacrylic acid)‐grafted clay–thermoplastic elastomer composites with water‐induced shape‐memory effects
Authors: Wu Tongfei , O'Kelly Kevin , Chen Biqiong 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTComposites with excellent water‐induced shape‐memory effects (SMEs) were successfully synthesized by first using clay as the SME‐activating phase and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) as the matrix. Naturally abundant clay was grafted with poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) to improve particle interactions, which allowed for the formation of strong percolation networks in the composites, determined by swelling tests and dynamic mechanical analysis in combination with theoretical modeling. This led to significant improvements of the polymer modulus and high water absorptions, causing reversible modulus changes of up to 30 times from the wet to the dry condition. The results from cyclic wetting‐drying‐stretching tests showed the TPU–clay composite containing 10.4 vol % PMAA‐grafted clay exhibited the best SMEs among the composites investigated, with the shape fixity and shape recovery ratios being 82% and 91%, respectively. Besides SMEs, these new polymer–clay composites were also pH‐sensitive and mechanically adaptive upon exposure to water. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2013, 51, 1513–1522
Coordinated control of bone cutting for a CT‐free navigation robotic system in total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Yen Ping‐Lang , Chu Yi‐Jing , Hsu Shang‐Wei , Wang Jing‐Heng , Hung Shuo‐Suei 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundRobots are gradually becoming intelligent tools for surgeons in computer assisted orthopedic surgery. A hands‐on robot combining CT‐free navigation software and coordinated control has been designed for total knee arthroplasty.MethodsThe hands‐on robot is under bilateral force control so that the robot not only follows the force commands from the operator but also shapes the reflected force back to the operator. The proposed coordinated control also defines three operating modes to fulfill intelligent bone cutting by tuning appropriate scaling to the admittance gains.ResultsExperimental results demonstrated assistive, resistant and emergent actions to meet various bone cutting conditions by the coordinated controller.ConclusionsThe proposed coordinated controller enables the robot to perform bone cutting more safely, rapidly and accurately compared with being performed by manual bone saw. The intelligent bone cutting has been successfully verified by a cadaver test. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MDMR‐IBE: efficient multiple domain multi‐receiver identity‐based encryption
Authors: Wang Hongbing , Zeng Peng , Choo Kim‐Kwang Raymond 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTIn The International Conference on Practice and Theory in Public‐Key Cryptography (PKC)'05, Baek et al. proposed the first multi‐receiver identity‐based encryption scheme. Their scheme is highly efficient in that it only needs one pairing computation to encrypt a single message for n receivers. However, the application scenario considered by Baek et al. is merely the ideal “single domain environment,” where all the n receivers are from the same administrative domain. When used in the real‐world application scenario where the n receivers are from l different administrative domains (i.e., a multiple domain environment), their scheme becomes inefficient as it requires l pairing computations for one message. In this paper, we present an efficient multiple domain multi‐receiver identity‐based encryption scheme that only requires “one” pairing computation to encrypt a single message for n receivers from l different administrative domains. We prove the security of the new scheme under the modified decisional bilinear Diffie–Hellman assumption in the random oracle model. In addition, the new scheme can be extended to be adaptive chosen ciphertext secure under the gap modified bilinear Diffie–Hellman assumption. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Effects of the Global Financial Crisis on Supply Chain Members in Non‐BRIC Emerging Markets
Authors: Schotter Andreas , Thi My Hao Diep 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe global economic crises that began in 2008 had profound effects on the supply chains of many multinational firms across all industries including altering some fundamental supply chain characteristics. This study discusses the effects of the crises on lower‐level supply chain members in the context of the textile and garment industry in emerging markets. The fieldwork for this research and the integration of new United Nations data provide evidence for the vulnerability of those supply chain members that provide only commoditized basic services that do not depend on talent skills or resource availability. Most of these, less sophisticated supply chain members are located in non‐BRIC emerging economies, including Vietnam, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Haiti, Honduras, and so on. We present a framework that is transferable across industries. The framework is useful for managers when evaluating the feasibility and reliability of different suppliers from emerging and developing countries in particular. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Boosting Language Skills of English Learners Through Dramatization and Movement
Authors: Greenfader Christa Mulker , Brouillette Liane 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis article presents an arts integration program that uses drama and dance to promote foundational literacy skills, with an emphasis on the oral development of English Language Learners (ELLs). Previous research indicates that arts activities afford a beneficial opportunity for young students to practice language skills, but many teachers have received scant training in the arts. The Teaching Artist Project (TAP) is a professional development program that helps classroom teachers use dramatization and creative movement to enhance comprehension and promote verbal interaction in the classroom. Children learn to imaginatively connect the decontextualized vocabulary of the classroom with their own experiences. A mixed methods study ofTAPfound that K‐1ELLs who participated inTAPshowed improvements in early literacy skills compared with their peers. This article introduces approaches used inTAP, suggests sources of the language gains, and discusses strategies for successful implementation.
Climate change, ecosystem services, and costs of action and inaction: scoping the interface
Authors: Rodríguez‐Labajos Beatriz 
Published: August 2013

Cost calculations related to climate change have accrued much intellectual effort. However, few works approach the assessment from the point of view of the effects of climate variability and change in ecosystem service provision. Failure to act plausibly leads to ecological, social, and economic damages as a result of ecosystem change. The necessary actions to cope with unavoidable damages from such change generate adaptation costs, while mitigation costs are associated with actions to tackle undesired future changes in the ecosystems. Examples of these effects and related costs, based on representative studies, are reviewed following the organizing scheme of the ecosystem services approach. The examination of case examples reveals the potential and limits of monetary versus non‐monetary estimations of impacts in human wellbeing from climate change‐related changes in the ecosystems, trade‐offs between types of ecosystem service provision and implications of timing in action. This article further discusses the necessary steps to advance in an inclusive scrutiny of the costs associated with the effects of climate change on ecosystem service provision. WIREs Clim Change 2013, 4:555–573. doi: 10.1002/wcc.247This article is categorized under:

Climate, Ecology, and Conservation > Conservation Strategies
Climate Economics > Aggregation Techniques for Impacts and Mitigation Costs
Novel Prediction Score Including Pre‐ and Intraoperative Parameters Best Predicts Acute Kidney Injury after Liver Surgery
Authors: Slankamenac Ksenija , Beck‐Schimmer Beatrice , Breitenstein Stefan , Puhan Milo A. , Clavien Pierre‐Alain 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundA recently published score predicts the occurrence of acute kidney injury (AKI) after liver resection based on preoperative parameters (chronic renal failure, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and alanine‐aminotransferase levels). By inclusion of additional intraoperative parameters we aimed to develop a new prediction model.MethodsA series of 549 consecutive patients were enrolled. The preoperative score and intraoperative parameters (blood transfusion, hepaticojejunostomy, oliguria, cirrhosis, diuretics, colloids, and catecholamine) were included in a multivariate logistic regression model. We added the strongest predictors that improved prediction of AKI compared to the existing score. An internal validation by fivefold cross validation was performed, followed by a decision curve analysis to evaluate unnecessary special care unit admissions.ResultsBlood transfusions, hepaticojejunostomy, and oliguria were the strongest intraoperative predictors of AKI after liver resection. The new score ranges from 0 to 64 points predicting postoperative AKI with a probability of 3.5–95 %. Calibration was good in both models (15 % predicted risk vs. 15 % observed risk). The fivefold cross‐validation indicated good accuracy of the new model (AUC 0.79 (95 % CI 0.73–0.84)). Discrimination was substantially higher in the new model (AUCnew 0.81 (95 % CI 0.76–0.86) versus AUCpreoperative 0.60 (95 % CI 0.52–0.69), p < 0.001). The new score could reduce up to 84 unnecessary special care unit admissions per 100 patients depending on the decision threshold.ConclusionsBy combining three intraoperative parameters with the existing preoperative risk score, a new prediction model was developed that more accurately predicts postoperative AKI. It may reduce unnecessary admissions to the special care unit and support management of patients at higher risk.
Hepatectomy in Elderly Patients: Does Age Matter?
Authors: Zhou Yanming , Zhang Xiaofeng , Zhang Zuobing , Liu Xiaobin , Wu Lupeng , Li Yumin , Li Bin 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundWith the increase in average life expectancy in recent decades, the proportion of elderly patients requiring liver surgery is rising. The aim of the meta‐analysis reported here was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of hepatectomy in elderly patients.MethodsAn extensive electronic search was performed for relevant articles that compare the outcomes of hepatectomy in patients ≥70 years of age with those in younger patients prior to October 2012. Analysis of pooled data was performed with RevMan 5.0.ResultsTwenty‐eight observational studies involving 15,480 patients were included in the analysis. Compared with the younger patients, elderly patients experienced more complications (31.8 vs 28.7 %; P = 0.002), mainly as a result of increased cardiac complications (7.5 vs 1.9 %; P < 0.001) and delirium (11.7 vs 4.5 %; P < 0.001). Postoperative major surgical complications (12.6 vs 11.3 %; P = 0.55) and mortality (3.6 vs 3.3 %; P = 0.68) were comparable between elderly and younger patients. For patients with malignancies, both the 5‐year disease‐free survival (26.5 vs 26.3 %; P = 0.60) and overall survival (39.5 vs 40.7 %; P = 0.29) did not differ significantly between the two groups.ConclusionsPostoperative major surgical complications, mortality, and long‐term results in elderly patients seem to be comparable with those in younger patients, suggesting that age alone should not be considered a contraindication for hepatectomy.
The Influence of Parathyroidectomy on Restless Legs Syndrome in Patients with Renal Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Schneider Ralph , Karakas Elias , Bartsch Detlef K. , Schlosser Katja 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundRestless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common and poorly understood movement disorder that leads to unpleasant leg sensations. Although RLS can be idiopathic, secondary etiologies such as iron deficiency and renal failure are common. The aim of this prospective cohort study was to evaluate whether RLS is a common feature in patients undergoing parathyroidectomy for renal hyperparathyroidism (rHPT) and if RLS‐related symptoms can be influenced by surgery.MethodsAfter providing written consent, patients who underwent a parathyroidectomy for rHPT between January and November 2011 answered a validated RLS‐screening‐questionnaire (RLSSQ). If this was suggestive for RLS a confirming questionnaire (IRLS) was also completed on the day before surgery, on the fifth postoperative day, and again during follow‐up (minimum 12 months). Perioperative parathyroid hormone and calcium levels, as well as the scores of the questionnaires were analyzed.ResultsTwenty‐one patients (14 men, 7 women) with a mean age of 47.8 ± 3.2 years underwent total parathyroidectomy with bilateral cervical thymectomy and parathyroid autotransplantation for rHPT. The mean score of the RLSSQ of all 21 patients prior to operation was 6.1 ± 0.5. In 10 of 21 patients (47.6 %) the results of the RLSSQ were suggestive for RLS with a mean score of 8.0 ± 0.3. The consecutive scores of the IRLS in these latter patients significantly dropped from 26.6 ± 1.4 to 19.0 ± 2.2 between the preoperative and postoperative settings (p < 0.05). After a mean follow‐up of 17.3 ± 3.7 months the mean scores of the RLSSQ and the IRLS were 6.1 ± 0.6 and 16.3 ± 1.8.ConclusionsrHPT may play a major role in the severity of RLS‐associated symptoms in patients with renal failure. Consequently, parathyroidectomy may prove to be a valuable tool to reduce RLS‐associated morbidity in affected patients. However, larger prospective trials are required to confirm the possible relation between RLS and rHPT seen in the present study.
Spectral and dynamical properties of sparse one-dimensional continuous Schrödinger and Dirac operators
Authors: Carvalho Silas L. , de Oliveira César R. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractSpectral and dynamical properties of some one-dimensional continuous Schrödinger and Dirac operators with a class of sparse potentials (which take non-zero values only at some sparse and suitably randomly distributed positions) are studied. By adapting and extending to the continuous setting some of the techniques developed for the corresponding discrete operator cases, the Hausdorff dimension of their spectral measures and lower dynamical bounds for transport exponents are determined. Furthermore, it is found that the condition for the spectral Hausdorff dimension to be positive is the same for the existence of a singular continuous spectrum.
Intersecting families in classical Coxeter groups
Authors: Wang Li 
Published: August 2013

AbstractLet Ω be a finite set and let G be a permutation group acting on it. A subset H of G is called t-intersecting if any two elements in H agree on at least t points. Let SDn and SBn be the classical Coxeter group of type Dn and type Bn, respectively. We show that the maximum-sized (2t)-intersecting families in SDn and SBn are precisely cosets of stabilizers of t points in [n] ≔ {1, 2, …, n}, provided n is sufficiently large depending on t.