bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative study on the heparin‐binding proteomes of Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Zhang Yan , Jiang Ning , Jia Boyin , Chang Zhiguang , Zhang Yana , Wei Xiaoyan , Zhou Jianhua , Wang Henan , Zhao Xin , Yu Shengchao , Song Meng , Tu Zhiwei , Lu Huijun , Yin Jigang , Wahlgren Mats , Chen Qijun 
Published: May 2014

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligatory intracellular apicomplexan parasite which exploits host cell surface components in cell invasion and intracellular parasitization. Sulfated glycans such as heparin and heparan sulfate have been reported to inhibit cell invasion by T. gondii and other apicomplexan parasites such as Plasmodium falciparum. The aim of this study was to investigate the heparin‐binding proteome of T. gondii. The parasite‐derived components were affinity‐purified on the heparin moiety followed by MS fingerprinting of the proteins. The heparin‐binding proteins of T. gondii and P. falciparum were compared based on functionality and affinity to heparin. Among the proteins identified, the invasion‐related parasite ligands derived from tachyzoite/merozoite surface and the secretory organelles were prominent. However, the profiles of the proteins were different in terms of affinity to heparin. In T. gondii, the proteins with highest affinity to heparin were the intracellular components with functions of parasite development contrasted to that of P. falciparum, of which the rhoptry‐derived proteins were prominently identified. The profiling of the heparin‐binding proteins of the two apicomplexan parasites not only explained the mechanism of heparin‐mediated host cell invasion inhibition, but also, to a certain extent, revealed that the action of heparin on the parasite extended after endocytosis.
Potential vorticity in warm conveyor belt outflow
Authors: Methven John 
Published: May 2014

Warm conveyor belts (WCBs) are the main ascending air masses within extratropical cyclones. They often exhibit strong condensation and precipitation, associated with ascent on large scales or embedded convection. Most of the air outflows into the upper troposphere as part of a ridge. Such ridges are an integral part of Rossby waves propagating along the tropopause and are identified with a negative potential vorticity (PV) anomaly and associated anticyclonic circulation. It has been argued that diabatic modification of PV in WCBs has an important influence on the extent of the ridge, propagation of Rossby waves and weather impacts downstream.Following the coherent ensemble of trajectories defining a WCB, PV is expected to increase with time while below the level of maximum latent heating and then decrease as trajectories ascend above the heating maximum. In models, it is found that the net change is approximately zero, so that the average PV of the WCB outflow is almost equal to the PV of its inflow. Here, the conditions necessary for this evolution are explored analytically using constraints arising from the conservation of circulation. It is argued that the net PV change is insensitive to the details of diabatic processes and the PV maximum midway along a WCB depends primarily on the net diabatic transport of mass from the inflow to the outflow layer. The main effect of diabatic processes within a WCB is to raise the isentropic level of the outflow, rather than to modify PV.
Habitat Restoration in the Context of Watershed Prioritization: The Ecological Performance of Urban Stream Restoration Projects in Portland, Oregon
Authors: Rios‐Touma B. , Prescott C. , Axtell S. , Kondolf G. M. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn Portland (Oregon, USA), restoration actions have been undertaken at the watershed scale (e.g.  revegetation and stormwater management) to improve water quality and, where water quality and quantity are adequate at the reach scale, to increase habitat heterogeneity. Habitat enhancement in urban streams can be important for threatened species, but challenging, because of altered catchment hydrology and urban encroachment on floodplains and channel banks. To evaluate reach‐scale restoration projects in the Tryon Creek watershed, we sampled benthic macroinvertebrates and conducted habitat quality surveys pre‐project and over 4 years post‐project. Species sensitive to pollution and diversity of trophic groups increased after restoration. Taxonomic diversity increased after restoration but was still low compared with reference streams. We found no significant changes in trait proportions and functional diversity. Functional diversity, proportion of shredders and semivoltine invertebrates were significantly higher in reference streams than in the restored stream reaches. We hypothesized that inputs of coarse particulate organic matter and land use at watershed scale may explain the differences in biodiversity between restored and reference stream reaches. Habitat variables did not change from pre‐project to post‐project, so they could not explain community changes. This may have been partly attributable to insensitivity of the visual estimate methods used but likely also reflects the importance of watershed variables on aquatic biota—suggesting watershed actions may be more effective for the ecological recovery of streams. For future projects, we recommend multihabitat benthic sampling supported by studies of channel geomorphology to better understand stream response to restoration actions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Reactivity of Molybdenum‐Dinitrogen Complexes Bearing PNN‐Type Pincer Ligand
Authors: Arashiba Kazuya , Nakajima Kazunari , Nishibayashi Yoshiaki 
Published: May 2014

AbstractNovel molybdenum‐dinitrogen complexes bearing a PNN‐type pincer ligand are designed, prepared, and characterized spectroscopically. Molecular structures of molybdenum trichloride and molybdenum‐dinitrogen complexes bearing trimethylphosphine are confirmed by X‐ray analysis. Stoichiometric and catalytic reactions are investigated, where only a stoichiometric amount of ammonia is produced based on the molybdenum atom of the complexes. These results indicate that reactive behaviors of molybdenum‐dinitrogen complexes are depending on the nature of the pincer ligands.
Two Ternary Mixed‐Anion Chlorides with Divalent Europium: Eu2H3Cl and Eu7F12Cl2
Authors: Reckeweg Olaf , DiSalvo Francis J. , Wolf Sarah , Schleid Thomas 
Published: May 2014

AbstractDark ruby‐red, transparent, triangular plate‐shaped single crystals of Eu2H3Cl and colorless, transparent, needle‐shaped single crystals of Eu7F12Cl2 were obtained by solid‐state reactions of Eu, NaH, NaCl, and Na (2:4:1:2 molar ratio) or Eu, EuCl3, and LiF (1:1:4 molar ratio), respectively, in silica‐jacketed tantalum ampoules at 900 °C for 13 h. Eu2H3Cl crystallizes isotypically to Ba2H3X (X = Cl, Br, I) in the trigonal space group P$\bar{3}$m1 (no. 164) with lattice parameters a = 409.67(4) and c = 696.18(7) pm, whereas Eu7F12Cl2 crystallizes isotypically to Ba7F12Cl2 or Sr7H12Cl2 in the hexagonal space group P$\bar{6}$ (no. 174) with lattice parameters a = 1002.31(5) and c = 392.54(2) pm. Both compounds contain Eu2+ cations with coordination numbers as high as nine (Eu7F12Cl2) and ten (Eu2H3Cl) with respect to the halide anions (F– or H– and Cl–). The structural results are corroborated by EUTAX and MAPLE calculations on both ternary mixed‐anion europium(II) chlorides in comparison to these for related binary and ternary compounds with divalent europium.
Solid Solution Formation between Vanadium(V) and ­Tungs­ten(V) Oxide Phosphate
Authors: Roy Subrata Chandra , Glaum Robert , Abdullin Dinar , Schiemann Olav , Quang Bac Nguyen , Lii Kwang‐Hwa 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe solid solutions (V1–xWx)OPO4 with β‐VOPO4 structure type (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.01) and αII‐VOPO4 structure type (0.04 ≤ x ≤ 0.26) were obtained from mixtures of VVOPO4 and WVOPO4 by conventional solid state reactions and by solution combustion synthesis. Single crystals of up to 3 mm edge length were obtained by chemical vapor transport (CVT) (800 → 700 °C, Cl2 as a transporting agent). Single crystal structure refinements of crystals at x = 0.10 [a = 6.0503(2) Å, c = 4.3618(4) Å, R1 = 0.021, wR2 = 0.058, 21 parameters, 344 independent reflections] and x = 0.26 [a = 6.0979(2) Å, c = 4.2995(1) Å, R1 = 0.030, wR2 = 0.081, 21 parameters, 346 independent reflections] confirm the αII‐VOPO4 structure type (P4/n, Z = 2) with mixed occupancy V/W for the metal site. Due to the specific redox behavior of W5+ and V5+, solid solutions (V1–xWx)OPO4 should be formulated as (VIVxVV1–2xWVIx)OPO4. The valence states of vanadium and tungsten are confirmed by XPS measurements. V4+ with d1 configuration was identified by EPR spectroscopy and magnetic measurements. Electronic spectra of the solid solutions show the IVCT(V4+ → V5+) and the LMCT(O2– → V5+). (V0.74W0.26)OPO4 powders exhibit semi‐conducting behavior (Eg = 0.7 eV).
Synthesis and Investigation of Energetic Boron Compounds for Pyrotechnics
Authors: Klapötke Thomas M. , Rusan Magdalena , Sproll Véronique 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe energetic boron esters tris(1‐ethyl‐5‐aminotetrazolyl) borate, tris(2‐ethyl‐5‐aminotetrazolyl) borate, tris(1‐ethyltetrazolyl) borate, tris(2‐ethyltetrazolyl) borate, and tris(2‐(3‐nitro‐1, 2,4‐triazolyl)ethyl) borate were synthesized and analyzed by NMR and IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and mass spectrometry. Two tetracoordinate borates potassium tetrakis(3‐nitro‐1, 2,4‐triazolyl)borate and potassium bis(4, 4′,5, 5′‐tetranitro‐2, 2′‐bisimidazolyl)borate were synthesized and fully characterized as well. Moreover, the energetic and thermal properties of the energetic boron esters and tetracoordinate borates were determined. The 11B NMR chemical shifts of potassium tetrakis(3‐nitro‐1, 2,4‐triazolyl)borate and potassium bis(4, 4′,5, 5′‐tetranitro‐2, 2′‐bisimidazolyl)borate were calculated and compared to the experimental values. Tris(1‐ethyl‐5‐aminotetrazolyl) borate was tested as colorant in pyrotechnic formulations with respect to the combustion behavior and color properties as well as the energetic and thermal properties.
Rigorous upscaling of rough boundaries for reactive flows
Authors: Kumar K. , van Helvoort M. , Pop I.S. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe consider a mathematical model for reactive flow in a channel having a rough (periodically oscillating) boundary with both period and amplitude ε. The ions are being transported by the convection and diffusion processes. These ions can react at the rough boundaries and get attached to form the crystal (precipitation) and become immobile. The reverse process of dissolution is also possible. The model involves non‐linear and multi‐valued rates and is posed in a fixed geometry with rough boundaries. We provide a rigorous justification for the upscaling process in which we define an upscaled problem defined in a simpler domain with flat boundaries. To this aim, we use periodic unfolding techniques combined with translation estimates. Numerical experiments confirm the theoretical predictions and illustrate a practical application of this upscaling process.
Integrated strategy of pH-shift and glucose feeding for enhanced production of bioactive Antrodin C in submerged fermentation of Antrodia camphorata
Authors: Zhang Huan , Hu Yong-Dan , Lu Rui-Qiu , Xia Yong-Jun , Zhang Bo-Bo , Xu Gan-Rong 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Antrodin C is one of the most potent bioactive components produced by the medicinal mushroom Antrodia camphorata. However, almost all studies in this field have focused on the biological activity of Antrodin C and relatively rare information has been reported regarding the biosynthetic process of Antrodin C. In this study, the strategies of pH-shift and glucose feeding for enhanced production of Antrodin C in submerged fermentation of A. camphorata were successfully applied in stirred bioreactors. The critical parameters for pH-shift and glucose feeding were systematically investigated. On one hand, the optimal culture pH for cell growth was distinct with Antrodin C biosynthesis and the maximum Antrodin C production was obtained by maintaining the first-stage culture at initial pH 4.5 and adjusted to 6.0 at day 8. On the other hand, it was beneficial for the Antrodin C accumulation with the initial glucose concentration of 40 g/L and feeding glucose to keep the residual sugar above 10 g/L. The maximum Antrodin C production (1,549.06 mg/L) was about 2.1-fold higher than that of control in 15-L stirred bioreactors by taking advantage of the integrated strategy of pH-shift and glucose feeding. These results would be helpful for the design of a highly efficient Antrodin C biosynthesis process.
Determinants of Objectively Measured Physical Functional Performance in Early to Mid‐stage Parkinson Disease
Authors: Kluger Benzi M. , Brown R. Preston , Aerts Shanae , Schenkman Margaret 
Published: May 2014

BackgroundParkinson disease (PD) may lead to functional limitations through both motor and nonmotor symptoms. Although patients with advanced disease have well‐documented and profound functional limitations, less is known about the determinants of function in early to mid‐stage disease where interventions may be more likely to benefit and preserve function.ObjectiveThe objective of the current study was to identify motor, cognitive, and gait determinants of physical functional performance in patients with early to mid‐stage PD.DesignThis was a secondary analysis of cross‐sectional baseline data from a randomized clinical trial of exercise.SettingThe study was performed at a tertiary academic medical center.ParticipantsThe study included 121 patients with early to mid‐stage PD.MethodsOur functional performance outcomes included the following: the Continuous Scale Physical Functional Performance Test (CS‐PFP; primary outcome); the Timed Up and Go test (TUG); and Section 2 (Activities of Daily Living) of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). Explanatory variables included measures of disease severity, motor function, cognitive function, balance, and gait. Stepwise linear regression models were used to determine correlations between explanatory variables and outcome measures.ResultsIn our regression models, the CS‐PFP significantly correlated with walking endurance (Six‐Minute Walk Test; r2 = 0.12, P < .0001), turning ability (360° Turn Test; r2 = 0.03, P = .002), attention (Brief Test of Attention; r2 = 0.01, P = .03), overall cognitive status (Mini–Mental State Examination; r2 = 0.01, P = .04), and bradykinesia (timed tapping; r2 = 0.02, P = .02). The TUG significantly correlated with walking speed (5‐Meter Walk Test; r2 = 0.33, P < .0001), stride length (r2 = 0.25, P < .0001), turning ability (360° turn, r2 = 0.05, P = .0003), and attention (r2 = 0.016, P = .03). Section 2 of the UPDRS was significantly correlated with endurance (r2 = 0.09, P < .0001), turning ability (r2 = 0.03, P = .001), and attention (r2 = 0.01, P = .03).ConclusionsGait, motor, and cognitive function all contribute to objectively measured global functional ability in mild to moderate PD. Subjectively measured functional activity outcomes may underestimate the impact of both motor and nonmotor symptoms.
Associations between abdominal pain symptom dimensions and depression among adolescents
Authors: Stabell Niklas , Flægstad Trond , Stubhaug Audun , Nielsen Christopher Sivert 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Background and aims
The prevalence of depression is increased among patients with abdominal pain (AP) and Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), but little is known about this association among adolescents in the general population. Furthermore, there is considerable uncertainty about exactly which dimensions of AP and IBS are associated with depression.
The aims of this study were therefore: (a) to describe the prevalence of AP, IBS and depression in a representative sample of adolescents, (b) to analyze the association of AP and IBS with depression and lastly, (c) to analyze the relationship between depression and specific AP and IBS symptom dimensions, i.e. pain intensity, frequency, duration, and distribution, the presence of co-morbid non-abdominal pain, and the specific bowel systems distinguishing IBS from AP in general.

Materials and methods
Self-reported symptoms of AP (monthly or more frequent), IBS (Rome III 2006 criteria), co-morbid chronic pain and depression (The Short Mood and Feeling Questionnaire sum-score ≥11) were recorded among 961 adolescents (mean age 16.1 y and 48.8% girls), participating in a population based study in 2010–2011. Multiple logistic regression carried out to analyze the association of AP and IBS with depression, adjusting for sex, parental level of education (<college or ≥college) and co-morbid chronic pain. Among the AP cases, the association of different AP dimensions and of the specific bowel symptoms in IBS with depression were analyzed in a stepwise multiple logistic regression model.

Results
Monthly or more frequent AP was reported by 27% of the participants (n = 259) and 8.2% (n = 77) met the Rome III IBS criteria. The prevalence of depression was 11.5% (girls 15.9% and boys 7.3%). The prevalence of depression was higher among both AP and IBS cases compared to in controls (20.5%, 24.7% and 8.1% respectively), but there was no evidence that depression rates differed between the two case groups (IBS: OR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.6–3.9; AP: OR = 2.4 with 95% CI = 1.3–4.4, after adjusting for sex, parental level of education and co-morbid chronic pain).
In the regression analyses within the AP group, the following symptom dimensions were independently associated with depression: severe abdominal pain intensity (OR = 4.0; CI = 1.5–10.7), widespread abdominal pain (OR = 5.5; CI = 2.6–11.8) and presence of co-morbid chronic pain (OR = 3.3; CI = 1.6–6.8). Sex, parental education, and other abdominal pain symptom dimensions, including bowel symptoms that distinguish IBS from AP, were not independently associated with depression.

Conclusions and implications
The prevalence of depression is considerably increased among adolescents with AP and IBS in the general population, in particular among those reporting severe, widespread abdominal pain, and co-morbid chronic pain. Evaluating these symptom dimensions may be of value for identifying subgroups adolescents with AP and IBS that have greater risk of depression.
COUNTING -FIELDS WITH A POWER SAVING ERROR TERM
Authors: SHANKAR ARUL , TSIMERMAN JACOB 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe show how the Selberg $\Lambda ^2$-sieve can be used to obtain power saving error terms in a wide class of counting problems which are tackled using the geometry of numbers. Specifically, we give such an error term for the counting function of $S_5$-quintic fields.
VORTEX LIQUIDS AND THE GINZBURG–LANDAU EQUATION
Authors: KURZKE MATTHIAS , SPIRN DANIEL 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe establish vortex dynamics for the time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau equation for asymptotically large numbers of vortices for the problem without a gauge field and either Dirichlet or Neumann boundary conditions. As our main tool, we establish quantitative bounds on several fundamental quantities, including the kinetic energy, that lead to explicit convergence rates. For dilute vortex liquids, we prove that sequences of solutions converge to the hydrodynamic limit.
Differences in peripartal plasma parameters related to calcium homeostasis of dairy sheep and goats in comparison with cows
Authors: Wilkens Mirja R , Liesegang Annette , Richter Julia , Fraser David R , Breves Gerhard , Schröder Bernd 
Published: May 2014

Recently it has been demonstrated that there are differences between sheep and goats in respect to adaptation to a calcium-restricted diet. It was the aim of the present study to evaluate whether species-specific peculiarities also occur when calcium homoeostasis is challenged by lactation. Therefore, we investigated the time courses of plasma parameters related to calcium homoeostasis (calcium, phosphate, calcitriol, the bone resorption marker CrossLaps® and the bone formation marker osteocalcin) during the transition period in multiparous animals of both species and compared the results to data from a former study carried out with dairy cows. As in cows, plasma calcium and the ratio of bone formation to bone resorption decreased at parturition in goats while plasma calcitriol increased. On day 10 post partum the bone parameters of goats reached prepartum values again, which was not the case in cows. Sheep were found to experience a challenge of calcium homoeostasis already 10 d before parturition, reflected by a very low ratio of bone formation to bone resorption, which was not accompanied by an increase in plasma calcitriol. Additionally, sheep and goats which had been in milk for 3 months were sampled, dried-off and sampled again 6 weeks later. In dried-off animals there were no detectable differences in parameters of bone metabolism. In conclusion we could show that the contribution of bone mobilisation to the compensation for the enhanced calcium demand due to lactation differs between the three ruminant species.
A Bayesian formulation of thekalamcosmological argument
Authors: MILLER CALUM 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThere has been a trend within natural theology to present arguments for theism deductively, such that at least one of the premises is likely to be extremely controversial. For those arguments with less controversial premises, the conclusion is usually something short of theism. On these grounds, some have employed probabilistic reasoning to revive classical arguments – to use less controversial premises in achieving a conclusion directly relevant to whether theism is true or not. Here, I formulate thekalamcosmological argument in Bayesian terms, and argue that doing so renders many objections levelled against it obsolete.
Tangent bundle RRT: A randomized algorithm for constrained motion planning
Authors: Kim Beobkyoon , Um Terry Taewoong , Suh Chansu , Park F. C. 
Published: May 2014

SUMMARYThe Tangent Bundle Rapidly Exploring Random Tree (TB-RRT) is an algorithm for planning robot motions on curved configuration space manifolds, in which the key idea is to construct random trees not on the manifold itself, but on tangent bundle approximations to the manifold. Curvature-based methods are developed for constructing tangent bundle approximations, and procedures for random node generation and bidirectional tree extension are developed that significantly reduce the number of projections to the manifold. Extensive numerical experiments for a wide range of planning problems demonstrate the computational advantages of the TB-RRT algorithm over existing constrained path planning algorithms.
PLACING PROBABILITIES OF CONDITIONALS IN CONTEXT
Authors: HERMENS RONNIE 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn this paper I defend the tenability of the Thesis that the probability of a conditional equals the conditional probability of the consequent given the antecedent. This is done by adopting the view that the interpretation of a conditional may differ from context to context. Several triviality results are (re-)evaluated in this view as providing natural constraints on probabilities for conditionals and admissible changes in the interpretation. The context-sensitive approach is also used to re-interpret some of the intuitive rules for conditionals and probabilities such as Bayes’ rule,Import-Export, and Modus Ponens. I will show that, contrary to consensus, the Thesis is in fact compatible with these re-interpreted rules.
The fauna and flora of the Insect Limestone (late Eocene), Isle of Wight, UK: introduction, history and geology
Authors: Ross Andrew J. , Self Angela 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTThe Insect Limestone has long been known as a source of exquisitely preserved insects and other arthropods. It occurs on the north side of the Isle of Wight and is latest Eocene in age. A summary of the history of the study of the Insect Limestone is given, along with detailed stratigraphical and sedimentological information. This paper is the first in a thematic set of papers.