bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alcohol, betel-nut and cigarette consumption are negatively associated with health promoting behaviors in Taiwan: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Guo Su-Er , Huang Tung-Jung , Huang Jui-Chu , Lin Ming-Shyan , Hong Rei-Mei , Chang Chia-Hao , Chen Mei-Yen 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Background
Oral cancer is the 2nd most common cause of death due to cancer in the south-western coastal region of Taiwan; the standardized mortality of oral cancer is higher than elsewhere in the world. According to the evidence, alcohol, betel-nut and cigarette (ABC) consumption cause oral, nasopharyngeal and related cancers. This study describes the relationships between ABC consumers and health promoting behaviors among community adults living around an area with a high prevalence of oral cancer.

Methods
A population-based, cross-sectional study design was conducted in oral cancer epidemic areas in south-western coastal Taiwan in 2010, 6,203 community residents over 20 years of age participated. Demographic data, ABC habits, and health-promoting behaviors were explored. A logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with ABC consumers.

Results
A high percentage of participants consumed alcohol, betel-nut and cigarettes. Betel-nut and cigarette consumers took low levels of exercise, adopted a poor diet, and had poor oral hygiene. After adjusting for potential confounders, the logistic regression model indicated that middle aged males of poor education and low economic status, who did not exercise regularly and had poor oral hygiene, were more likely to chew betel quid and smoke cigarettes.

Conclusions
It has identified that BC consumers are negatively associated with health promoting behaviors. Further research is required to understand the reasons why the subjects consume ABC, and explore ways to prevent initiation and enhance cessation of ABC habits in this population.
PTEN suppresses the oncogenic function of AIB1 through decreasing its protein stability via mechanism involving Fbw7 alpha
Authors: Yang Chunhua , Li Shujing , Wang Miao , Chang Alan K , Liu Ying , Zhao Feng , Xiao Liyun , Han Lin , Wang Dao , Li Shen , Wu Huijian 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Background
Phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is a phosphatase having both protein and lipid phosphatase activities, and is known to antagonize the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway, resulting in tumor suppression. PTEN is also known to play a role in the regulation of numerous transcription factors. Amplified in breast cancer 1 (AIB1) is a transcriptional coactivator that mediates the transcriptional activities of nuclear receptors and other transcription factors. The present study investigated how PTEN may regulate AIB1, which is amplified and/or overexpressed in many human carcinomas, including breast cancers.

Results
PTEN interacted with AIB1 via its phophatase domain and regulated the transcriptional activity of AIB1 by enhancing the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of AIB1. This process did not appear to require the phosphatase activity of PTEN, but instead, involved the interaction between PTEN and F-box and WD repeat domain-containing 7 alpha (Fbw7α), the E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in the ubiquitination of AIB1. PTEN interacted with Fbw7α via its C2 domain, thereby acting as a bridge between AIB1 and Fbw7α, and this led to enhanced degradation of AIB1, which eventually accounted for its decreased transcriptional activity. At the cell level, knockdown of PTEN in MCF-7 cells promoted cell proliferation. However when AIB1 was also knocked down, knockdown of PTEN had no effect on cell proliferation.

Conclusions
PTEN might act as a negative regulator of AIB1 whereby the association of PTEN with both AIB1 and Fbw7α could lead to the downregulation of AIB1 transcriptional activity, with the consequence of regulating the oncogenic function of AIB1.
Concomitant pancreatic endocrine neoplasm and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm: a case report and literature review
Authors: Kadota Yoshie , Shinoda Masahiro , Tanabe Minoru , Tsujikawa Hanako , Ueno Akihisa , Masugi Yohei , Oshima Go , Nishiyama Ryo , Tanaka Masayuki , Mihara Kisho , Abe Yuta , Yagi Hiroshi , Kitago Minoru , Itano Osamu , Kawachi Shigeyuki , Aiura Koichi , Tanimoto Akihiro , Sakamaoto Michiie , Kitagawa Yuko 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
We report a case of concomitant pancreatic endocrine neoplasm (PEN) and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN). A 74-year-old man had been followed-up for mixed-type IPMN for 10 years. Recent magnetic resonance images revealed an increase in size of the branch duct IPMN in the pancreas head, while the dilation of the main pancreatic duct showed minimal change. Although contrast-enhanced computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging did not reveal any nodules in the branch duct IPMN, endoscopic ultrasound indicated a suspected nodule in the IPMN. A malignancy in the branch duct IPMN was suspected and we performed pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy with lymphadenectomy. The resected specimen contained a cystic lesion, 10 x 10 mm in diameter, in the head of the pancreas. Histological examination revealed that the dilated main pancreatic duct and the branch ducts were composed of intraductal papillary mucinous adenoma with mild atypia. No evidence of carcinoma was detected in the specimen. Incidentally, a 3-mm nodule consisting of small neuroendocrine cells was found in the main pancreatic duct. The cells demonstrated positive staining for chromogranin A, synaptophysin, and glucagon but negative staining for insulin and somatostatin. Therefore, the 3-mm nodule was diagnosed as a PEN. Since the mitotic count per 10 high-power fields was less than 2 and the Ki-67 index was less than 2%, the PEN was pathologically classified as low-grade (G1) according to the 2010 World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Herein, we review the case and relevant studies in the literature and discuss issues related to the synchronous occurrence of the relatively rare tumors, PEN and IPMN.
Charge density and particle size effects on oligonucleotide and plasmid DNA binding to nanosized hydrotalcite
Authors: Sanderson Brian A , Sowersby Drew S , Crosby Sergio , Goss Marcus , Lewis L Kevin , Beall Gary W 
Published: March 2013

Hydrotalcite (HT) and other layered double metal hydroxides are of great interest as gene delivery and timed release drug delivery systems and as enteric vehicles for biologically active molecules that are sensitive to gastric fluids. HT is a naturally occurring double metal hydroxide that can be synthesized as a nanomaterial consisting of a brucite structure with isomorphous substitution of aluminum ions. These positively charged nanoparticles exhibit plate-like morphology with very high aspect ratios. Biomolecules such as nucleic acids and proteins form strong associations with HT because they can associate with the positively charged layers. The binding of nucleic acids with HT and other nanomaterials is currently being investigated for potential use in gene therapy; however, the binding of specific nucleic acid forms, such as single- and double-stranded DNA, has been little explored. In addition, the effects of charge density and particle size on DNA adsorption has not been studied. In this paper, the binding of different forms of DNA to a series of HTs prepared at different temperatures and with different anion exchange capacities has been investigated. Experiments demonstrated that HTs synthesized at higher temperatures associate with both single- and double-stranded oligomers and circular plasmid DNA more tightly than HTs synthesized at room temperature, likely due to the hydrothermal conditions promoting larger particle sizes. HT with an anion exchange capacity of 300 meq/100 g demonstrated the highest binding of DNA, likely due to the closer match of charge densities between the HT and DNA. The details of the interaction of various forms of DNA with HT as a function of charge density, particle size, and concentration are discussed.
Dark soliton and periodic wave solutions of nonlinear evolution equations
Authors: Güner Özkan , Bekir Ahmet , Cevikel Adem Cengiz 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
This paper studies the Kudryashov-Sinelshchikov and Jimbo-Miwa equations. Subsequently, we formally derive the dark (topological) soliton solutions for these equations. By using the sine-cosine method, some additional periodic solutions are derived. The physical parameters in the soliton solutions of the ansatz method, amplitude, inverse width and velocity, are obtained as functions of the dependent model coefficients.

PACS Codes:02.30.Jr, 02.70.Wz, 05.45.Yv, 94.05.Fg.
Stereotactic body radiotherapy using gated radiotherapy with real-time tumor-tracking for stage I non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Inoue Tetsuya , Katoh Norio , Onimaru Rikiya , Shimizu Shinichi , Tsuchiya Kazuhiko , Suzuki Ryusuke , Sakakibara-Konishi Jun , Shinagawa Naofumi , Oizumi Satoshi , Shirato Hiroki 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Background
To clarify the clinical outcomes of two dose schedule of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using a real-time tumor-tracking radiation therapy (RTRT) system in single institution.

Methods
Using a superposition algorithm, we administered 48 Gy in 4 fractions at the isocenter in 2005–2006 and 40 Gy in 4 fractions to the 95% volume of PTV in 2007–2010 with a treatment period of 4 to 7 days. Target volume margins were fixed irrespective of the tumor amplitude.

Results
In total, 109 patients (79 T1N0M0 and 30 T2N0M0). With a median follow-up period of 25 months (range, 4 to 72 months), the 5-year local control rate (LC) was 78% and the 5-year overall survival rate (OS) was 64%. Grade 2, 3, 4, and 5 radiation pneumonitis (RP) was experienced by 15 (13.8%), 3 (2.8%), 0, and 0 patients, respectively. The mean lung dose (MLD) and the volume of lung receiving 20 Gy (V20) were significantly higher in patients with RP Grade 2/3 than in those with RP Grade 0/1 (MLD p = 0.002, V20 p = 0.003). There was no correlation between larger maximum amplitude of marker movement and larger PTV (r = 0.137), MLD (r = 0.046), or V20 (r = 0.158).

Conclusions
SBRT using the RTRT system achieved LC and OS comparable to other SBRT studies with very low incidence of RP, which was consistent with the small MLD and V20 irrespective of tumor amplitude. For stage I NSCLC, SBRT using RTRT was suggested to be reliable and effective, especially for patients with large amplitude of tumor movement.
Using Bayesian networks to discover relations between genes, environment, and disease
Authors: Su Chengwei , Andrew Angeline , Karagas Margaret R , Borsuk Mark E 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe review the applicability of Bayesian networks (BNs) for discovering relations between genes, environment, and disease. By translating probabilistic dependencies among variables into graphical models and vice versa, BNs provide a comprehensible and modular framework for representing complex systems. We first describe the Bayesian network approach and its applicability to understanding the genetic and environmental basis of disease. We then describe a variety of algorithms for learning the structure of a network from observational data. Because of their relevance to real-world applications, the topics of missing data and causal interpretation are emphasized. The BN approach is then exemplified through application to data from a population-based study of bladder cancer in New Hampshire, USA. For didactical purposes, we intentionally keep this example simple. When applied to complete data records, we find only minor differences in the performance and results of different algorithms. Subsequent incorporation of partial records through application of the EM algorithm gives us greater power to detect relations. Allowing for network structures that depart from a strict causal interpretation also enhances our ability to discover complex associations including gene-gene (epistasis) and gene-environment interactions. While BNs are already powerful tools for the genetic dissection of disease and generation of prognostic models, there remain some conceptual and computational challenges. These include the proper handling of continuous variables and unmeasured factors, the explicit incorporation of prior knowledge, and the evaluation and communication of the robustness of substantive conclusions to alternative assumptions and data manifestations.
Efficient production of chimeric mice from embryonic stem cells injected into 4- to 8-cell and blastocyst embryos
Authors: Hu Minhua , Wei Hengxi , Zhang Jingfeng , Bai Yinshan , Gao Fenglei , Li Li , Zhang Shouquan 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Background
Production of chimeric mice is a useful tool for the elucidation of gene function. After successful isolation of embryonic stem (ES) cell lines, there are many methods for producing chimeras, including co-culture with the embryos, microinjection of the ES cells into pre-implantation embryos, and use of tetraploid embryos to generate the full ES-derived transgenic mice. Here, we aimed to generate the transgenic ES cell line, compare the production efficiency of chimeric mice and its proportion to yield the male chimeric mice by microinjected ES cells into 4- to 8-cell and blastocysts embryos with the application of Piezo-Micromanipulator (PMM), and trace the fate of the injected ES cells.

Results
We successfully generated a transgenic ES cell line and proved that this cell line still maintained pluripotency. Although we achieved a satisfactory chimeric mice rate, there was no significant difference in the production of chimeric mice using the two different methods, but the proportion of the male chimeric mice in the 4- to 8-cell group was higher than in the blastocyst group. We also found that there was no tendency for ES cells to aggregate into the inner cell mass using in vitro culture of the chimeric embryos, indicating that they aggregated randomly.

Conclusions
These results showed that the PMM method is a convenient way to generate chimeric mice and microinjection of ES cells into 4- to 8-cell embryos can increase the chance of yielding male chimeras compared to the blastocyst injection. These results provide useful data in transgenic research mediated by ES cells.
Reversed argininosuccinate lyase activity in fumarate hydratase-deficient cancer cells
Authors: Zheng Liang , MacKenzie Elaine D , Karim Saadia A , Hedley Ann , Blyth Karen , Kalna Gabriela , Watson David G , Szlosarek Peter , Frezza Christian , Gottlieb Eyal 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Background
Loss of function of fumarate hydratase (FH), the mitochondrial tumor suppressor and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzyme, is associated with a highly malignant form of papillary and collecting duct renal cell cancer. The accumulation of fumarate in these cells has been linked to the tumorigenic process. However, little is known about the overall effects of the loss of FH on cellular metabolism.

Methods
We performed comprehensive metabolomic analyses of urine from Fh1- deficient mice and stable isotopologue tracing from human and mouse FH-deficient cell lines to investigate the biochemical signature of the loss of FH.

Results
The metabolomics analysis revealed that the urea cycle metabolite argininosuccinate is a common metabolic biomarker of FH deficiency. Argininosuccinate was found to be produced from arginine and fumarate by the reverse activity of the urea cycle enzyme argininosuccinate lyase (ASL), making these cells auxotrophic for arginine. Depleting arginine from the growth media by the addition of pegylated arginine deiminase (ADI-PEG 20) decreased the production of argininosuccinate in FH-deficient cells and reduced cell survival and proliferation.

Conclusions
These results unravel a previously unidentified correlation between fumarate accumulation and the urea cycle enzyme ASL in FH-deficient cells. The finding that FH-deficient cells become auxotrophic for arginine opens a new therapeutic perspective for the cure of hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC).
Experimental evaluation of engine oil properties containing copper oxide nanoparticles as a nanoadditive
Authors: Ettefaghi Ehsan-o-llah , Ahmadi Hojjat , Rashidi Alimorad , Mohtasebi Seyed Saeid , Alaei Mahshad 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Background
The properties of lubricants are mainly the result of adding a material for improving or producing the required properties. Today, different materials with various nanostructures are used as new additives which, because of their unique properties, are used for improving the lubricant's properties. The purpose of the present research is to add copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles to engine oil and evaluate the produced changes in some of its properties. Also, viscosity, pour point, and flash point of nanolubricants, which are made at different concentrations (0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 wt.%), and also their thermal conductivity coefficient as four quality parameters which are effective in the functionality of engine oil are evaluated.

Results
Upon the obtained results, thermal conductivity coefficient and flash point of nanolubricants with 0.1 wt.% concentration, respectively, had 3% and 7.9% improvement with respect to the base oil. Also, the oil's viscosity, as a very important factor in lubricating issue, at a lower concentration with respect to the engine oil without CuO had no appreciable change.

Conclusion
Among the different methods which have been used for dispersing nanoparticles inside the base oil, using planetary ball mill was determined as the most important method for stabilization of nanoparticles inside SAE 20W50 engine oil. Also, the physical properties of nanolubricants were measured based on the American Society for Testing and Materials standard methods.
Antiplatelet therapy and the outcome of subjects with intracranial injury: the Italian SIMEU study
Authors: Fabbri Andrea , Servadei Franco , Marchesini Giulio , Bronzoni Carolina , Montesi Danilo , Arietta Luca ,   of the Società Italiana di Medicina d'Emergenza Urgenza Study Group
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Introduction
Pre-injury antithrombotic therapy might influence the outcome of subjects withhead injuries and positive computed tomography (CT) scans. We aimed to determinethe potential risk of pre-injury antiplatelet drug use on short- and long-termoutcome of head injured subjects admitted to emergency departments (EDs) in Italyfor extended observation.

Methods
A total of 1,558 adult subjects with mild, moderate and severe head injuryadmitted to Italian EDs were studied. In multivariable logistic regressionanalyses, the short-term outcome was assessed by an evaluation of head CT scan at6 to 24 hours after trauma and the long-term outcome by the Glasgow outcome scale(GOS) at six months.

Results
Head CT scan comparisons showed that 201 subjects (12.9%) worsened. The risk ofworsening was increased two fold by the use of antiplatelet drugs (106, 19.7%treated versus 95, 9.3% untreated; relative risk (RR) 2.09, 95% CI 1.63 to 2.71).The risk was particularly high in subjects on clopidogrel (RR 5.76, 95% CI 3.88 to8.54), independent of the association with aspirin. By logistic regression, 5 of14 items were independently associated with worsening (Glasgow coma scale (GCS),Marshall category, antiplatelet therapy, intraventricular hemorrhage, number oflesions). After six months, only 4 of 14 items were predictors of unfavorableoutcome (GOS 1 to 3) (GCS score, Marshall category, age in decades, intracerebralhemorrhage/contusion). The risk increased by 50% in the group treated withantiplatelet therapy (RR 1.58, 95% CI 1.28 to 1.95; P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Antithrombotic therapy (in particular clopidogrel) is a risk factor for bothshort-term and long-term unfavorable outcome in subjects with head injury,increasing the risk of progression and death, permanent vegetative state andsevere disability.
Encapsulation and 3D culture of human adipose-derived stem cells in an in-situ crosslinked hybrid hydrogel composed of PEG-based hyperbranched copolymer and hyaluronic acid
Authors: Hassan Waqar , Dong Yixiao , Wang Wenxin 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Introduction
Cell therapy using adipose-derived stem cells has been reported to improve chronic wounds via differentiation and paracrine effects. One such strategy is to deliver stem cells in hydrogels, which are studied increasingly as cell delivery vehicles for therapeutic healing and inducing tissue regeneration. This study aimed to determine the behaviour of encapsulated adipose-derived stem cells and identify the secretion profile of suitable growth factors for wound healing in a newly developed thermoresponsive PEG–hyaluronic acid (HA) hybrid hydrogel to provide a novel living dressing system.

Methods
In this study, human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) were encapsulated in situ in a water-soluble, thermoresponsive hyperbranched PEG-based copolymer (PEGMEMA–MEO2MA–PEGDA) with multiple acrylate functional groups in combination with thiolated HA, which was developed via deactivated enhanced atom transfer radical polymerisation of poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMEMA, Mn = 475), 2-(2-methoxyethoxy) ethyl methacrylate (MEO2MA) and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate PEGDA (Mn = 258). hADSCs embedded in the PEGMEMA–MEO2MA–PEGDA and HA hybrid hydrogel system (P-SH-HA) were monitored and analysed for their cell viability, cell proliferation and secretion of growth factors (vascular endothelial growth factor, transforming growth factor beta and placental-derived growth factor) and cytokines (IFNγ, IL-2 and IL-10) under three-dimensional culture conditions via the ATP activity assay, alamarBlue® assay, LIVE/DEAD® assay and multiplex ELISA, respectively.

Results
hADSCs were successfully encapsulated in situ with high cell viability for up to 7 days in hydrogels. Although cellular proliferation was inhibited, cellular secretion of growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor and placental-derived growth factor production increased over 7 days, whereas IL-2 and IFNγ release were unaffected.

Conclusion
This study indicates that hADSCs can be maintained in a P-SH-HA hydrogel, and secrete pro-angiogenic growth factors with low cytotoxicity. With the potential to add more functionality for further structural modifications, this stem cell hydrogel system can be an ideal living dressing system for wound healing applications.
Zinc-catalyzed Reduction of Aldehydes with a Hydrosilane Leading to Symmetric Ethers and Silyl Ethers
Authors: Sakai Norio , Nonomura Yoshifumi , Ikeda Reiko , Konakahara Takeo 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The efficient reductive etherification of aromatic or aliphatic aldehydes using a reducing system that combines Zn(OTf)2 with either TMDS or Et3SiH is described. The present reducing system can also be applied to the hydrosilylation of aromatic aldehydes having either a strong electron-withdrawing group or a pyridine ring.
In-one-pot-at-a-time Ligation for High-throughput Construction of a Protein Expression Vector Library
Authors: Nakazawa Hikaru , Todokoro Rui , Ishigaki Yuri , Kumagai Izumi , Umetsu Mitsuo 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
A mixture of protein-encoding gene fragments was ligated into linearized expression vectors in one pot at a time (iPaT) to simultaneously generate each protein expression vector. This high-throughput iPaT ligation method was stable and highly efficient for the simultaneous generation of more than 10 different expression vectors.