bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenotyping Castanea hybrids for Phytophthora cinnamomi resistance
Authors: Santos C. , Machado H. , Correia I. , Gomes F. , Gomes‐Laranjo J. , Costa R. 
Published: October 2014

Castanea sativa is susceptible to Phytophthora spp., a serious root pathogen causing ink disease, while C. crenata and C. mollissima show resistance to infection. Interspecific controlled crosses were established for introgression of resistance genes from the resistant species into the susceptible C. sativa, and two mapping populations were created. Phytophthora cinnamomi resistance of each progeny was evaluated by root and excised shoot inoculation tests. The number of days of survival after root inoculation was the best discriminator of resistance to P. cinnamomi while the percentage of shoots with internal lesions was the symptom most associated with survival. The lesion progression rate in the excised shoot inoculation test was strongly and negatively correlated with survival in the root inoculation test. The excised shoot inoculation test appears to be a reliable approach for screening the resistance of chestnut genotypes to P. cinnamomi. Strong genetic correlations were obtained between survival and ink disease symptoms and among symptoms, indicating that common or linked genes might influence resistance to P. cinnamomi. The most resistant genotypes selected from this study will be tested for other commercial variables, such as ease of vegetative propagation and stock–scion compatibility.
Auxin‐mediated relationships between apple plants and root inhabiting fungi: impact on root pathogens and potentialities of growth‐promoting populations
Authors: Manici L. M. , Kelderer M. , Caputo F. , Mazzola M. 
Published: October 2014

This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between plant hosts and root‐colonizing fungi recovered from apple orchard soils that had been replanted over multiple generations. Functional relationships of three groups of filamentous fungi (Ceratobasidium sp., Cylindrocarpon‐like group and Fusarium acuminatum) with apple rootstocks were evaluated in plant growth bioassays. The Cylindrocarpon‐like group and Ceratobasidium sp. showed a relationship with the host plant varying from pathogenic to commensal through to mutualistic for the latter group, while that of F. acuminatum tended to be mutualistic. Seven fungal isolates of each group, which induced the highest plant growth in bioassays, were evaluated for auxin (IAA) and gibberellin (GA3 and GA4) production in culture filtrate. All isolates of F. acuminatum as well as most of those of the Ceratobasidium sp. and Cylindrocarpon‐like groups produced IAA in culture filtrate. IAA production was evaluated for additional isolates of endophytic fungal species from fruit tree orchards and the functionality of IAA was confirmed by growing in vitro micropropagated plantlets of apple rootstock on MS medium supplemented with fungal culture filtrate. Findings from this study may explain the difficulty in defining the precise role of diverse root‐colonizing fungal populations in replant disease aetiology of fruit tree orchards. However, the results demonstrate the presence of a positive and widely available biotic component of the orchard soil biology that may be exploited for the benefit of tree growth and production.
Is it time for a comprehensive approach in older home care clients’ care planning in Finland?
Authors: Turjamaa Riitta , Hartikainen Sirpa , Kangasniemi Mari , Pietilä Anna‐Maija 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundHome‐care services require access to high quality information. Apart from the provision of right‐time organised planning of care and to document information about clients’ needs, in home care, the care planning is intended to facilitate continuity and individual nursing through nursing documentation of the assessment of the client.AimsThe aim was to describe the contents of older (+75 years) home‐care clients’ electronic care and service plans and to evaluate how the clients’ resources have been taken into account.Design and methodsThe data were collected from the care and service plans (n = 437) of home‐care services during July 2010. The data were analysed by quantitative methods and by thematic content analysis.ResultsBased on the analysis, medication was the most reported component in all plans (92.7%); other commonly reported components were self‐care (85.4%) and coping (78.0%). Components within respiratory, follow‐up treatment, life cycle and health behaviour were forgotten. Most of the care and service plans were designed from the home‐care professionals’ point of view but the plans lacked the perspective of older clients.ConclusionTo be able to promote older home clients’ ability to live at home, home‐care planning needs to be individually designed and must take into account clients’ needs and their perspectives regarding meaningful activities and social relationships. In addition, there is a need to develop a more comprehensive care planning system, based on the clients’ individual needs and standards of care planning.
Who Leaves Suicide Notes? A Six‐Year Population‐Based Study
Authors: Cerel Julie , Moore Melinda , Brown Margaret M. , van de Venne Judy , Brown Sabrina L. 
Published: October 2014

Popular culture insists on the significance of suicide notes, but research has yielded conflicting results about who leaves notes. Utilizing 6 years of suicides from a comprehensive statewide data surveillance system, differences were examined between cases with suicide notes and those without in terms of demographics, circumstances of the suicide, and precipitating circumstances. Of the 2,936 suicides, 18.25% included a note. Demographics and circumstances did not differ for cases with a note compared to cases with no note. Results have implications for working with people bereaved by suicide in helping understand that the notes are uncommon and not systematic. However, it is also possible that for some individuals, the content of a note is meaningful and can help or hinder their course of bereavement.
The ‘Chameleon’ Korean Welfare Regime
Authors: Powell Martin , Kim Ki‐tae 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe path‐breaking work of Gosta Esping‐Andersen (1990), The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism, was based on 18 countries of the Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) in 1980, and subsequently has been largely limited to ‘advanced Western’ OECD nations. However, this ignores much work on the East Asian welfare model (EAWM). This article aims to export the ‘welfare modeling business’ to East Asia in general and to Korea in particular. We search for articles in English or Korean which aim to classify Korea. We find 26 studies that are rather different in terms of concepts, measures and analysis. Korea seems to be a ‘chameleon’ changing its appearances to different viewers, with some support for almost every possible classification, apart from the social democratic regime. We find six possible types: liberal; conservative; hybrid; EAWM as the fourth regime; EAWM as a distinct regime; and underdeveloped. In addition, some studies suggest that Korea is moving too fast to enable a clear classification. The modal conclusion is of a fourth regime, but there are some differences between writers and over time, with scholars writing in Korean having a rather different view to scholars writing in English, and with early Korean writers placing Korea in the original triad, but later studies favouring a distinct world. We conclude that it is not clear whether the Western welfare modelling business can be successfully exported to other parts of the world without a change in strategy (concepts and measures).
A Comparison of the Match Demands of International and Provincial Rugby Sevens
Authors: Ross Alex , Gill Nicholas D. , Cronin John B. 
Published: October 2014

Purpose:
To compare the running demands and match activity profiles of international and provincial rugby sevens players.

Participants:
84 rugby sevens players, consisting of 16 international players from 1 team and 68 provincial players from 8 teams.

Methods:
Global positioning system analysis was completed during international and provincial tournament matches. Video analysis was also used to quantify the individual match activities during tournament matches.

Results:
Trivial to moderate differences were found in the running demands of international and provincial players, with internationals covering a greater distance at very high speed (ES = 0.30) and performing a greater number of sprints (ES = 0.80). Small differences were found between the 2 levels in all but total tackles (ES = 0.07) and defensive ruck effectiveness (ES = 0.64). International matches incurred a greater overall ball-in-play time than provincial matches (proportion ratio = 1.32).

Conclusions:
These findings demonstrate that both physical and technical factors distinguish international and provincial rugby sevens, although overall match demands are similar.
An Online Training-Monitoring System to Prevent Nonfunctional Overreaching
Authors: Piacentini Maria Francesca , Meeusen Romain 
Published: October 2014

Purpose:This longitudinal case study evaluated the effectiveness of an online training-monitoring system to prevent nonfunctional overreaching (NFOR).Methods:A female master track and field athlete was followed by means of a daily online training diary (www.spartanova.com) and a weekly profile of mood state (POMS). The online diary consists of objective training data and subjective feelings reported on a 10-cm visual analog scale. Furthermore, parameters that quantify and summarize training and adaptation to training were calculated. The novelty consists in the inclusion of a specific measuring parameter tested to detect NFOR (OR score).Results:During track-season preparation, the athlete was facing some major personal changes, and extratraining stress factors increased. Despite the fact that training load (TL) did not increase, the or score showed a 222% and then a 997% increase compared with baseline. POMS showed a 167% increase in fatigue, a 38% decrease in vigor, a 32% increase in depression scores, and a total mood increase of 22%, with a 1-wk shift compared with the OR score. A 41% decrease in TL restored the OR score and POMS to baseline values within 10 d.Conclusion:The results demonstrate that immediate feedback obtained by “warning signals” to both athletes and coaches, based on individual baseline data, seems an optimal predictor of FOR/NFOR.
The Association Between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Cardiometabolic Risk in Children is Mediated by Abdominal Adiposity: The HAPPY Study
Authors: Bailey Daniel P. , Savory Louise A. , Denton Sarah J. , Kerr Catherine J. 
Published: October 2014

Background:It is unclear whether cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is independently linked to cardiometabolic risk in children. This study investigated a) the association between CRF level and presence of cardiometabolic risk disorders using health-related cut points, and b) whether these associations were mediated by abdominal adiposity in children.Methods:This was a cross-sectional design study. Anthropometry, biochemical parameters and CRF were assessed in 147 schoolchildren (75 girls) aged 10 to 14 years. CRF was determined using a maximal cycle ergometer test. Children were classified as ‘fit’ or ‘unfit’ according to published thresholds. Logistic regression was used to investigate the odds of having individual and clustered cardiometabolic risk factors according to CRF level and whether abdominal adiposity mediated these associations.Results:Children classified as unfit had increased odds of presenting individual and clustered cardiometabolic risk factors (P < .05), but these associations no longer remained after adjusting for abdominal adiposity (P > .05).Conclusions:This study suggests that the association between CRF and cardiometabolic risk is mediated by abdominal adiposity in 10- to 14-year-old children and that abdominal adiposity may be a more important determinant of adverse cardiometabolic health in this age group.
The Effect of Ankle Kinesio Tape on Ankle Muscle Activity During a Drop Landing
Authors: Fayson Shirleeah D. , Needle Alan R. , Kaminski Thomas W. 
Published: October 2014

Context:The use of Kinesio Tape among health care professional has grown recently in efforts to efficiently prevent and treat joint injuries. However, limited evidence exists regarding the efficacy of this technique in enhancing joint stability and neuromuscular control.Objective:To determine how Kinesio Tape application to the ankle joint alters forces and muscle activity during a drop-jump maneuver.Design:Single-group pretest– posttest.Setting:University laboratory.Subjects:22 healthy adults with no previous history of ankle injury.Interventions:Participants were instrumented with electromyography on the lower-leg muscles as they jumped from a 35-cm platform onto force plates. Test trials were performed without tape (BL), immediately after application of Kinesio Tape to the ankle (KT-I), and after 24 h of continued use (KT-24).Main Outcome Measures:Peak ground-reaction forces (GRFs) and time to peak GRF were compared across taping conditions, and the timing and amplitude of muscle activity from the tibialis anterior, peroneus longus, and lateral gastrocnemius were compared across taping conditions.Results:No significant differences in amplitude or timing of GRFs were observed (P > .05). However, muscle activity was observed to decrease from BL to KT-I in the tibialis anterior (P = .027) and from BL to KT-24 in the PL (P = .022).Conclusions:The data suggest that Kinesio Tape decreases muscle activity in the ankle during a drop-jump maneuver, although no changes in GRFs were observed. This is contrary to the proposed mechanisms of Kinesio Tape. Further research might investigate how this affects participants with a history of injury.
RIDE EVERY CHALLENGE: THE IMPACT OF SURFING ON 100 YOUNG PEOPLE FACING PERSONAL AND EMOTIONAL CHALLENGES
Authors: Colpus S , Taylor J 
Published: October 2014

IntroductionThe Wave Project began in 2010 when a group of Cornish surfers received a grant from the Cornwall and Isles Of Scilly NHS Primary Care Trust (UK). This was used to explore the effects of surfing on a group of 20 young people with mental health conditions, during a six-week pilot. The results were very positive. Over the last 2 years the Wave Project has grown, enabled by charity funding and volunteers.Table 172 clients rated their wellbeing on a scale of 0–10 (bottom–top) using six measures of confidenceItemPre Course MeanPost Course MeanPre Course Standard Deviation (SD)Post Course SDP ValueHow confident do I feel?4.59.50.70.7P<0.001Do I believe in myself?591.410P<0.001Do I trust other people?681.411.41P<0.001How much fun am I having?9102.820P<0.001How do I feel about the future?6.58.52.120.71P<0.001How happy am I?7901.41P<0.001AimShow the many positive effects surfing has on young people with varying mental health conditions, personal and social needs.MethodsDuring September 2011–2012 a free six-week surfing course was delivered to 100 young people aged 8–17, referred by schools, the Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service (CAMHS), General Practitioners, Educational Psychologists and Bereavement Charities. They were placed on a six-week course, of 2 hours per session. Sessions were held at weekends in three Cornish locations, during the surf season April–October.The four main evaluation methods were:Attendance sheetsA pre and post course rating scaleClient, parent and carer feedback formsFocus Groups87 clients completed the six-week course and 72 completed self-evaluation questionnaires.ResultsFrom self evaluation, client and professional feedback and attendance levels give a strong indication that the surfing projects are making a difference to the lives of young people. Self-evaluation revealed that after the course young people felt their confidence, self-esteem and wellbeing had improved. Formal feedback from parents and professionals showed additional improvements in motor and social skills, behaviour and re-engagement with school.ConclusionsOverall it is clear from available evidence that surfing has a positive and beneficial effect on young people, however further research is needed. It has great importance as a referral service, which could be expanded.
Morphological and molecular analysis of the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Slovakia with five new records
Authors: SARVAŠOVÁ ADELA , KOČIŠOVÁ ALICA , HALÁN MILOŠ , DELÉCOLLE JEAN-CLAUDE , MATHIEU BRUNO 
Published: October 2014

The biodiversity of Culicoides from eastern Slovakia was investigated by light trapping. An integrative taxonomy approach combining DNA barcode sequence and morphological analyses was used to accurately identify specimens. Five species were newly recorded from Slovakia: Culicoides picturatus Kremer & Deduit, C. gejgelensis Dzhafarov, C. clastrieri Callot et al., C. griseidorsum Kieffer and C. odiatus Austen. The checklist of the Culicoides species recorded from SK has been updated to 63 species and barcode sequence data is provided for 8 species not previously available on GenBank. Conflict between results from molecular and morphological analyses resulted in the discovery of some potentially new cryptic species and the inability of DNA barcodes to distinguish C. festivipennis Kieffer from C. clastrieri, C. salinarius Kieffer from C. manchuriensis Tokunaga and C. pallidicornis Kieffer from C. subfasciipennis Kieffer. These conflicts suggest further study is required to clarify the status of these species.
Sea Level Forecasts and Early-Warning Application: Expanding Cooperation in the South Pacific
Authors: Chowdhury Md. Rashed , Chu Pao-Shin 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Because of the need for information related to the variability and predictability of sea level on season-to-longer time scales, the Pacific ENSO Applications Climate (PEAC) Center runs the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-based canonical correlation analysis (CCA) statistical model to generate sea level forecasts for the U.S.-affiliated Pacific Islands (USAPI) region with lead times of 3–6 months in advance. However, in order to meet the increasing demand for longer lead-time (e.g., 6–12 months) forecasts, the PEAC Center, as part of the advances in operational sea level forecasts, recently incorporated both SST and zonal wind components of trade winds (U) for modulating sea level variability on longer time scales. The combined SST and U-based forecasts are found to be more skillful on longer time scales. This improvement has enabled the capability of our clients in the USAPI region to develop a more efficient long-term response plan for hazard management.
In a recent “Regional Integrated Water Level Service” meeting, it was revealed that the development and distribution of “seasonal water level outlooks” in the Pacific basin region is an area of mutual interest. We therefore synthesize the current operational forecasting, warning, and response activities of the PEAC Center and discuss the manner in which our experience in the USAPI region can contribute to the development of adaptation strategies for longer time-scale climate variability and change for the non-USAPI region in the south Pacific.
Measurements of Differential Reflectivity in Snowstorms and Warm Season Stratiform Systems
Authors: Williams Earle R. , Smalley David J. , Donovan Michael F. , Hallowell Robert G. , Hood Kenta T. , Bennett Betty J. , Evaristo Raquel , Stepanek Adam , Bals-Elsholz Teresa , Cobb Jacob , Ritzman Jaclyn , Korolev Alexei , Wolde Mengistu 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe organized behavior of differential radar reflectivity (ZDR) is documented in the cold regions of a wide variety of stratiform precipitation types occurring in both winter and summer. The radar targets and attendant cloud microphysical conditions are interpreted within the context of measurements of ice crystal types in laboratory diffusion chambers in which humidity and temperature are both stringently controlled. The overriding operational interest here is in the identification of regions prone to icing hazards with long horizontal paths. Two predominant regimes are identified: category A, which is typified by moderate reflectivity (from 10 to 30 dBZ) and modest +ZDR values (from 0 to +3 dB) in which both supercooled water and dendritic ice crystals (and oriented aggregates of ice crystals) are present at a mean temperature of −13°C, and category B, which is typified by small reflectivity (from −10 to +10 dBZ) and the largest +ZDR values (from +3 to +7 dB), in which supercooled water is dilute or absent and both flat-plate and dendritic crystals are likely. The predominant positive values for ZDR in many case studies suggest that the role of an electric field on ice particle orientation is small in comparison with gravity. The absence of robust +ZDR signatures in the trailing stratiform regions of vigorous summer squall lines may be due both to the infusion of noncrystalline ice particles (i.e., graupel and rimed aggregates) from the leading deep convection and to the effects of the stronger electric fields expected in these situations. These polarimetric measurements and their interpretations underscore the need for the accurate calibration of ZDR.
Microphysical Characteristics of Overshooting Convection from Polarimetric Radar Observations
Authors: Homeyer Cameron R. , Kumjian Matthew R. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The authors present observations of the microphysical characteristics of deep convection that overshoots the altitude of the extratropical tropopause from analysis of the polarimetric radar variables of radar reflectivity factor at horizontal polarization ZH, differential reflectivity ZDR, and specific differential phase KDP. Identified overshooting convective storms are separated by their organization and intensity into three classifications: organized convection, discrete ordinary convection, and discrete supercell convection. Composite analysis of identified storms for each classification reveals microphysical features similar to those found in previous studies of deep convection, with deep columns of highly positive ZDR and KDP representing lofting of liquid hydrometeors within the convective updraft and above the melting level. In addition, organized and discrete supercell classifications show distinct near-zero ZDR minima aligned horizontally with and at altitudes higher than the updraft column features, likely indicative of the frequent presence of large hail in each case. Composites for organized convective systems show a similar ZDR minimum throughout the portion of the convective core that is overshooting the tropopause, corresponding to ZH in the range of 15–30 dBZ and negative KDP observations, in agreement with the scattering properties of small hail and/or lump or conical graupel. Additional analyses of the evolution of overshooting storms reveals that the ZDR minima indicative of hail in the middle and upper troposphere and graupel in the overshooting top are associated with the mature and decaying stages of overshooting, respectively, supporting their inferred contributions to the observed polarimetric fields.