bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical impacts of immunomodulator withdrawal from anti‐tumor necrosis factor combination therapy in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Iovino Nicholas A. , McClinchie Madeline G. , Abdel‐Rasoul Mahmoud , Boyle Brendan , Dotson Jennifer L. , Michel Hilary K. , Maltz Ross M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectivesCombination therapy consists of both anti‐tumor necrosis factor (anti‐TNF) and an immunomodulator (IMM) and has been shown to improve outcomes in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study assesses the impacts of IMM withdrawal from combination therapy to anti‐TNF monotherapy in children with IBD.MethodsThis single‐center retrospective cohort study included children with IBD initiated on combination therapy between 2014 and 2019 who discontinued the IMM. We evaluated whether IMM withdrawal impacts laboratory values and disease activity. Linear mixed effects models with random intercepts were used to compare differences between groups. Chi‐square and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used for comparisons between patients who did and did not require subsequent escalation of therapy.ResultsOne hundred and fifty‐two patients discontinued the IMM which did not significantly affect disease activity. However, 18% of patients escalated therapy after IMM withdrawal, primarily due to low anti‐TNF levels. Lower anti‐TNF and higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels before IMM withdrawal were associated with subsequent escalation of therapy. Overall, there was no statistically significant effect on anti‐TNF drug levels. Patients with Crohn's disease (CD) on infliximab (IFX) and methotrexate (MTX) who discontinued the IMM had an increase in mean ESR and CRP (p < 0.05).ConclusionsIMM withdrawal from anti‐TNF combination therapy may be considered safe in the setting of higher anti‐TNF levels and normal serum inflammatory markers. Clinicians should consider assessing anti‐TNF levels and inflammatory markers after IMM withdrawal, especially in patients with CD receiving IFX who discontinued MTX.
Funktionelle Charakterisierung der Darmflora und ihrerhydrolytisch aktiven Enzyme ‐Trendbericht Biochemie 2024 (2/3)
Authors: Lakemeyer Markus , Seidel Julian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractChemische Proteinsynthese: Neue Techniken in der Durchflusschemie und selektive Ligationsmethoden ermöglichen, komplexe und präzise modifizierte Peptide und Proteine für biologische Anwendungen herzustellen. Funktionelle Charakterisierung: Mit Methoden aus Mikrobiologie, chemischer Biologie und Biochemie untersuchen Forschende die molekulare Funktion bakterieller Enzyme des Mikrobioms und decken so deren Relevanz bei der Entwicklung von Darmerkrankungen auf. DNA‐Origami: Biomoleküle auf mikro‐ und nanoskopischer Ebene zu untersuchen soll helfen, neue Therapeutika zu entwickeln, herzustellen und an ihren Zielort zu bringen. Besonders die Interaktionen von Proteinen miteinander und mit Ligandenmolekülen sind dabei wichtig.
Molecular‐Modelling‐Workshop in Erlangen
Authors: Horn Anselm 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDer 36. Molecular Modelling Workshop (MMWS) der Molecular Graphics and Modeling Society – Deutschsprachige Sektion (MGMS‐DS) fand wie seit mehr als 15 Jahren in Erlangen statt. Zu der dreitägigen Veranstaltung Mitte März trafen sich etwa 80 Menschen von Universitäten und Unternehmen aus dem In‐ und Ausland.
Neue Wege zu künstlichen Zellen
Authors: Groß Michael 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMit Bio‐Nanotechnik lassen sich zellähnliche Gebilde herstellen, die eine oder mehrere Funktionen lebender Zellen erfüllen. Neue Methoden versprechen jetzt Fortschritte auf dem Weg zu Kunstzellen, die lebendigen mehr ähneln als je zuvor.
Prevalence of levator ani muscle injuries in primiparous women after delivery and their influence on pelvic floor disorders‐systematic review
Authors: Pessoa Patrícia , Carvalho Andreia , Mota Patrícia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundStudies show a significant association between the first vaginal delivery and injuries of the levator ani muscle (LAM), which can cause pelvic floor disorders (PFDs).ObjectivesThis study aims to identify the prevalence of short and long‐term LAM injuries after vaginal delivery in primiparous women and its influence on PFDs.MethodA systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA methodology. The databases used were Pubmed, Cochrane, and PEDro. The quality assessment of the evidence was carried out using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). Both the selection of studies and their evaluation were done by two researchers and a third reviewer in cases of disagreement.ResultsFrom the search, 57 articles were gathered, and 19 were included to match the eligibility criteria. The prevalence of avulsion of the LAM was found in association with vaginal delivery between 13% and 28% ≤ 1 year after delivery and between 16% and 29% > 1 year after delivery. Ballooning was detected between 20% and 37% ≤ 1 year, and 33% of women > 1 year after delivery, appearing to be more common when compared to avulsion. Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) was considered the most common disorder associated with injuries of the LAM, and there seems to be some connection with sexual dysfunction.ConclusionAvulsion of the LAM and ballooning of the hiatal area have a high prevalence in primiparous women after vaginal delivery and have a strong direct relation to the development of POP.
Exploring nonprofit perspectives on CSR: The emergence of retail corporate volunteerism
Authors: Liang Xiaoyan , St. John Jeremy , Zheng Leven Jianwen , Zhang Xiwei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCorporate social responsibility (CSR) has predominantly been examined from a business standpoint, yet its implementation often involves the active participation of nonprofit organizations. While corporations may engage in CSR activities with the ultimate goal of business gain, questions arise regarding how these initiatives are perceived and utilized by their nonprofit partners to fulfill their missions. Surprisingly, limited research exists that explores CSR from the nonprofit standpoint. This study aims to bridge this gap by investigating the perspectives of nonprofits in relation to CSR initiatives, focusing on a case study of three nonprofit organizations operating in the Australia food rescue sector. By examining corporate volunteering programs as a specific CSR initiative, the study identifies both instrumental CSR and strategic CSR within nonprofits' perceptions of their CSR partnerships. Moreover, the study uncovers nuanced differences between nonprofits that choose to adopt retail corporate volunteerism—commercialize their corporate volunteering programs and those that reject such commercialization. These differences manifest in the form of strategic transactional CSR versus strategic relational CSR mindsets, as elucidated by Mirvis' (2012) CSR framework. This research contributes to the CSR literature by offering valuable insights from the nonprofit perspective. It also sheds light on the emerging phenomenon of retail corporate volunteerism and possible CSR motivations for its occurrence.
Evolving resistance landscape in gram‐negative pathogens: An update on β‐lactam and β‐lactam‐inhibitor treatment combinations for carbapenem‐resistant organisms
Authors: Koenig Christina , Kuti Joseph L. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAntibiotic resistance has become a global threat as it is continuously growing due to the evolution of β‐lactamases diminishing the activity of classic β‐lactam (BL) antibiotics. Recent antibiotic discovery and development efforts have led to the availability of β‐lactamase inhibitors (BLIs) with activity against extended‐spectrum β‐lactamases as well asKlebsiella pneumoniaecarbapenemase (KPC)‐producing carbapenem‐resistant organisms (CRO). Nevertheless, there is still a lack of drugs that target metallo‐β‐lactamases (MBL), which hydrolyze carbapenems efficiently, and oxacillinases (OXA) often present in carbapenem‐resistantAcinetobacter baumannii. This review aims to provide a snapshot of microbiology, pharmacology, and clinical data for currently available BL/BLI treatment options as well as agents in late stage development for CRO harboring various β‐lactamases including MBL and OXA‐enzymes.
A drastic post operative course after the resection of primary pulmonary choriocarcinoma in a male
Authors: Takahama Makoto 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPrimary pulmonary choriocarcinoma is a highly aggressive germ cell neoplasm and an extremely rare, especially in males. It is characterized by a poor response to therapy and shortened survival times. We present the case of primary pulmonary choriocarcinoma in a 46‐year‐old male. The patient was referred to our institute with cough, worsening dyspnea and hemoptysis. The contrast‐enhanced chest computed tomography revealed an avid enhanced 15 × 14 cm sized nodular lesion, in the left lower lung, which invaded into the diaphragm. After the embolization of the intercostal arteries, the tumour was resected successfully. However, the patient had died suddenly on the 28th day after the surgery. Autopsy was conducted and revealed that his cause of the death was the tumour emboli in the right coronary artery.
Palladium‐Silver Alloys Deposited on Different Carriers for Dehydrogenation of Formic Acid
Authors: Zeng Siyi , Li Haonan , Zhang Qian , Gong Xiangyi , Jin Shaohua , She Chongchong , Wang Junfeng , Li Lijie , Chen Kun , Wang Guanghui 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHydrogen (H2) is recognized as a clean energy carrier with great potential for the future energy systems. Given the existing challenges in direct H2 storage and delivery, the current option for utilizing hydrogen energy is to produce hydrogen from its storage carriers on‐site, and the development of a highly active, highly selective, and highly stable catalyst for H2 production is an important part of this. Herein, PdAg alloy was deposited on mesoporous carbon nitride (mpg‐C3N4) as a catalyst for the dehydrogenation of the formic acid (FA). The synergistic effect of Pd and Ag metals for catalysis was explored. The role of the supports on the catalytic performance was also demonstrated by depositing PdAg alloy on several carriers of Silica@Resorcinol‐Formaldehyde Spheres, Carbon Flower Particles and SBA‐15. Pd1Ag1/2/mpg‐C3N4 showed a considerable activity during FA dehydrogenation with a turnover frequency (TOF) value of 887 h−1 at 333 K, demonstrating that carbon nitride as a carrier has a significant enhancement on the catalytic hydrogen production from formic acid.
Field observations of Easter weather on Snowdon from 1969 to 2010
Authors: Buchan Sinclair , Bowers D. G. , Nunes‐Vaz Rick 
Published: July 2024

AbstractStudents from Bangor University made weather observations on the slopes of Snowdon in their Easter holidays from 1969 to 2010. The air temperature decreased with altitude at a rate of about 10 degCkm−1, close to the dry adiabatic lapse rate, although the gradient was less when raining. Water temperatures also decreased with height but wind speeds, on average, increased. The eastern flank of the mountain was noticeably wetter and less windy than the north. Over the four decades, air temperatures increased by an average of 1.6 degC, equivalent to the mountain shrinking by 160m, based on the observed lapse rate.
Graphs in clusters: a hybrid approach to unsupervised extractive long document summarization using language models
Authors: Gokhan Tuba , Price Malcolm James , Lee Mark 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEffective summarization of long documents is a challenging task. When addressing this challenge, Graph and Cluster-Based methods stand out as effective unsupervised solutions. Graph-Based Unsupervised methods are widely employed for summarization due to their success in identifying relationships within documents. Cluster-Based methods excel in minimizing redundancy by grouping similar content together before generating a concise summary. Therefore, this paper merges Cluster-Based and Graph-Based methods by applying language models for Unsupervised Extractive Summarization of long documents. The approach simultaneously extracts key information while minimizing redundancy. First, we use BERT-based sentence embeddings to create sentence clusters using k-means clustering and select the optimum number of clusters using the elbow method to ensure that sentences are categorized based on their semantic similarities. Then, the TextRank algorithm is employed within each cluster to rank sentences based on their importance and representativeness. Finally, the total similarity score of the graph is used to rank the clusters and eliminate less important sentence groups. Our method achieves comparable or better summary quality and reduced redundancy compared to both individual Cluster-Based and Graph-Based methods, as well as other supervised and Unsupervised baseline models across diverse datasets.
Project LISTEN: Foundations and Development of a Peer Empowerment Program for Caregivers of Children with Variations of Sex Characteristics
Authors: Scranton Bonnie , Doherty Meredith 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Nearly 2% of the population is born with intersex traits or variations of sex characteristics (VSC). Marginalization of people with VSC whose experience of social isolation and stigma can lead to mental health challenges and low degrees of medical and self-empowerment. Infants and children with VSC rely on caregivers to make decisions which impact their medical and social-emotional wellbeing. Interview recordings were analyzed using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) and generated four preliminary themes that will be used to develop a logic model to inform the development of a novel peer-empowerment intervention: (1) the isolating and overwhelming experience of learning about child’s VSC; (2) caregivers desire early access to education and information; (3) connecting with peer support provides reassurance and lessens stigma; (4) developing skills of communication and advocacy help empower parents. Features of post-traumatic growth were endorsed by caregivers. In partnership with an advisory group of stakeholders, findings from this study will be used to develop a logic model of the psychological, social, and environmental determinants that our intervention will target to improve health and quality of life outcomes for new parents of children with VSC. Project LISTEN (Let Intersex Stories Teach, Enlighten, and Nurture) applies the concepts of epistemic justice and health liberation to support, educate, and empower caregivers of children with VSC. Clinical social workers are ideal champions for peer empowerment programs that work to develop critical consciousness in those who have been socially marginalized.
Bacterial toxicity of Acetaminophen and Edaravone, and their binary mixtures: experimental and predicted values using traditional and novel Van Laar-based models
Authors: Álvarez-Escalante Iván , Martínez-Páramo Sonia , Irusta-Mata Rubén 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn recent years, the presence of Pharmaceutical Active Compounds (PhACs) in ecosystems has become a serious environmental problem due to their capacity to induce harmful effects at extremely low concentrations in both humans and wildlife. Water treatment plants have not been designed to remove these types of compounds efficiently. Thus, the detection of these pollutants is essential to evaluate their negative impacts and is one of the emerging issues in environmental chemistry. The main objective of this study is to determine the bacterial toxicity of two PhACs (both individually and as a mixture) through the quantification of bioluminescence inhibition in the marine bacteria Aliivibrio fischeri, a commonly used method in short-term toxicity tests. In this work, Acetaminophen and Edaravone, two drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration, have been studied. The acute toxicity of these PhACs has been tested at two exposure times (5 and 15 min) and different concentrations, by estimation of the median effective concentration (EC50) for each individual compound or in combination at different concentrations. Moreover, the EC50 of the binary mixtures Acetaminophen/Edaravone have been forecast using two traditional predictive models, Concentration Addition and Independent Action. The results show that toxicity decreases with exposure time and depends on the concentration tested. Furthermore, a novel semi-empirical Van Laar-based model has been proposed and validated with the experimental data from this study and literature data, obtaining satisfactory estimations of the EC50 for binary mixtures.
Alternate wetting and drying: a water-saving technology for sustainable rice production in Burkina Faso?
Authors: Johnson Jean-Martial , Becker Mathias , Kaboré Jean Eric P. , Dossou-Yovo Elliott Ronald , Saito Kazuki 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWith emerging water scarcity and rising fertilizer prices, optimising future water use while maintaining yield and nutrient efficiency in irrigated rice is crucial. Alternate wetting and moderate soil drying irrigation (i.e., re-irrigation when the water level reaches 15 cm below the soil surface) has proven to be an efficient water-saving technology in semi-arid zones of West Africa, reducing water inputs without yield penalty. Alternate wetting and severe soil drying (AWD30), by re-irrigating fields only when the water table reaches 30 cm below the soil surface, may further reduce water inputs compared to farmers’ irrigation practices (FP). However, acute soil drying may impair fertilizer use efficiency and reduce the bio-availability of some key nutrients. This study assessed the potentials and risks associated with AWD30 for smallholder rice farmers in the semi-arid zones of West Africa. We conducted 30 on-farm field trials over three seasons (wet and dry seasons of 2019, and dry season of 2020), in Kou Valley, Burkina Faso. We assessed yield, water productivity, nutrient uptake, and use efficiency under AWD30 and FP. In FP, farmers maintained their fields submerged as frequently as possible according to the scheme-dependent water provision schedule. With AWD30, irrigation frequency was reduced by 30%, however, soils were seldom completely dried due to a shallow groundwater table. Compared to FP, AWD30 reduced irrigation water input by 37% with no significant effects on grain yields (average of 4.5 Mg ha−1), thus increasing average water productivity by 39%. Both irrigation management practices provided comparable crop uptake of N, P, and K, and use efficiencies of applied N and P. However, the N content in straw and the P concentration in grain generally increased with total water input (rain + irrigation). We conclude that at locations with a shallow groundwater table, AWD30 can effectively save irrigation water without significantly reducing the grain yield and the use efficiency of applied mineral nutrients.
The effects of plant invasion, floral resources and soil characteristics on ground-nesting bees
Authors: Pellaton Raoul , Szigeti Viktor , Fenesi Annamária , Roberts Stuart , Török Edina , Kovács-Hostyánszki Anikó 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGround-nesting bees are susceptible to disturbances that affect foraging resources, vegetation structure and soil characteristics. We studied the effects of 12 invasive alien plant species on environmental variables and directly on ground-nesting bees to reveal their specific importance. We sampled bees along transects; flowers, vegetation, bare ground and litter in quadrats, as well as soil characteristics. Our results suggested that plant invasion reduced overall and flowering plant richness and positively affected the height of native vegetation. However, this did not affect ground-nesting bees’ abundance or species richness. Although we found invaded plots to have altered soil chemical characteristics compared to control plots, there was no correlation between soil characteristics and ground-nesting bees. The large explanatory potential of the random factors suggests that there were large differences in the abundance and species richness of ground-nesting bee species among the different habitat types and before and during the flowering of the invasive species. Although our study lacked a direct sampling of nesting bees, our results show the adverse effects of plant invasion on foraging and some nesting characteristics of ground-nesting bees. Future studies should put effort into the investigation of the number of nest holes and additional soil characteristics to get a better picture of the effects of plant invasion on ground-nesting activity.
Design Considerations for the Optimization of $$\lambda$$-SQUIDs
Authors: Schuster Constantin , Kempf Sebastian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCryogenic microcalorimeters are key tools for high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy due to their excellent energy resolution and quantum efficiency close to 100%. Multiple types of microcalorimeters exist, some of which have already proven outstanding performance. Nevertheless, they cannot yet compete with cutting-edge grating or crystal spectrometers. For this reason, novel microcalorimeter concepts are continuously developed. One such concept is based on the strong temperature dependence of the magnetic penetration depth of a superconductor operated close to its transition temperature. This so-called $$\lambda$$
λ
-SQUID provides an in-situ tunable gain and promises to reach sub-eV energy resolution. Here, we present some design considerations with respect to the optimization of such a detector that are derived by analytic means. We particularly show that for this detector concept the heat capacity of the sensor should match the heat capacity of the absorber.
Measuring the impacts of university-industry R&D collaborations: a systematic literature review
Authors: Cohen Maria , Fernandes Gabriela , Godinho Pedro 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Measuring the impacts of collaborative projects between industry and academia raises significant challenges. It involves stakeholders with different outlooks and impact expectations. Moreover, the multidimensional nature of the impacts themselves means they are tangible and intangible, short- and long-term, direct and indirect, positive and negative, making their measurement process very complex. To gain a deeper understanding of how university-industry R&D collaborations (UICs) impact society, this study conducts a systematic review, using thematic analysis of 92 selected articles published between 2000 and 2022. The paper identifies and categorizes the impacts resulting from UICs, examines the challenges associated with measuring these impacts, and explores the strategies that can be employed to overcome such challenges. Finally, the paper integrates all such findings into a comprehensive framework. This study contributes to the theoretical advancement of impact measurement within the field of UICs, providing a foundation for the development of methodologies aimed at assessing impacts. Furthermore, it highlights important avenues for future research.