bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A primary malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the scalp and intracranial tumor bleeding: a case report
Authors: Wang Jie , Zhong Weiming , Xu Yinghui , Feng Le , Li Yang , Dong Bin 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Introduction
A malignant fibrous histiocytoma occurring on the scalp near a primary operation site is extremely rare.

Case presentation
A 74-year-old Chinese man presented with a one-month history of recurrent headaches, vomiting and left limb atony. He had undergone a successful clipping operation through the pterional approach for an anterior communicating aneurysm five years previously. One month before presentation, he developed a headache without apparent cause that was especially severe in the right frontal region. He also had a small tumor on the right side of his forehead at the original incision site. The tumor had gradually increased from soybean size to egg size in one month; this growth was accompanied by nausea, projectile vomiting of gastric contents and left limb atony. The subcutaneous tumor was totally resected along with some affected cranial tissues. Our patient’s postoperative recovery was good, and he was safely discharged 20 days after the surgery. He was free of recurrence over two years of follow-up.

Conclusions
Dissection of the temporal muscles and deep fascia using electric resection and electrocoagulation through the pterional approach may cause tissue degeneration, which may in turn lead to cancer development. In our patient’s case, the reason for the development of the tumor five years after his surgical aneurysm repair was unclear; it may have represented a primary malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the scalp that had no relationship to the operation. We followed up our patient for two years and he had no tumor recurrence. Because malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the scalp has a high degree of malignancy and readily recurs in situ, early diagnosis and radical surgical resection are key to a successful outcome.
Lung abscess without sepsis in a patient with diabetes with refractory episodes of spontaneous hypoglycemia: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Toda Gotaro , Fujishiro Midori , Yamada Tomohide , Shojima Nobuhiro , Sakoda Hideyuki , Suzuki Ryo , Yamauchi Toshimasa , Ueki Kohjiro , Kadowaki Takashi 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Introduction
Hypoglycemia is a cause of considerable morbidity. Although hypoglycemia has been documented in the setting of septic shock and has been associated with higher mortality, hypoglycemia in infection without sepsis has not been reported in the literature.

Case presentation
A 72-year-old Japanese woman treated with high-dose glucocorticoids for autoimmune hemolytic anemia, as well as intensive insulin therapy for type 2 diabetes, presented with severe hypoglycemia. A lung abscess was diagnosed by imaging studies and treated with intravenous antibiotics. Hypoglycemia spontaneously recurred during lung abscess exacerbations, despite appropriate de-escalation of antidiabetic therapy. Only mild sporadic episodes of hypoglycemia occurred after the lung abscess was controlled. Infection accompanied with malnutrition and immunosuppression, although in the absence of sepsis, may have contributed to hypoglycemia.

Conclusions
Caution is warranted in the management of hypoglycemia in patients with diabetes with the conditions described here, that is malnutrition and immunosuppression, as infection may be a contributing factor.
Effects of rutin on acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity
Authors: Motamedshariaty Vahideh Sadat , Amel Farzad Sara , Nassiri-Asl Marjan , Hosseinzadeh Hossein 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Background
Rutin is an important flavonoid that is consumed in the daily diet. The cytoprotective effects of rutin, including antioxidative, and neuroprotective have been shown in several studies. Neurotoxic effects of acrylamide (ACR) have been established in humans and animals. In this study, the protective effects of rutin in prevention and treatment of neural toxicity of ACR were studied.

Results
Rutin significantly reduced cell death induced by ACR (5.46 mM) in time- and dose-dependent manners. Rutin treatment decreased the ACR-induced cytotoxicity significantly in comparison to control (P <0.01, P < 0.001). Rutin (100 and 200 mg/kg) could prevent decrease of body weight in rats. In combination treatments with rutin (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg), vitamin E (200 mg/kg) and ACR, gait abnormalities significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001). The level of malondialdehyde significantly decreased in the brain tissue of rats in both preventive and therapeutic groups that received rutin (100 and 200 mg/kg).

Conclusion
It seems that rutin could be effective in reducing neurotoxicity and the neuroprotective effect of it might be mediated via antioxidant activity.
Transgenic tomato line expressing modified Bacillus thuringiensis cry1Ab gene showing complete resistance to two lepidopteran pests
Authors: Koul Bhupendra , Srivastava Sugandha , Sanyal Indraneel , Tripathi Bhuminath , Sharma Vinay , Amla Devindra Vijay 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The modified truncated Bt-cry1Ab gene of Bacillus thuringiensis has been used for the development and selection of over expressing transgenic events in a commercially important variety of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) by Agrobacterium-mediated leaf-disc transformation procedure. The integration and inheritance of cry1Ab gene in T0 transgenic plants and their progenies were determined by PCR, RT-PCR and Southern blot hybridization analysis. The toxin expression was monitored by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). The transgenic line Ab25 E, expressing 0.47 ± 0.01% Cry1Ab toxin of total soluble protein (TSP) was finally selected in the T4 generation from the segregating population, showing 100% mortality to the second instar larvae of H. armigera and S. litura and minimal damages to leaves and fruits. Southern blot analysis data revealed single copy introgression of cry1Ab gene in highly-expressing Ab25 E transgenic line and expression of Cry1Ab toxin of molecular mass ~65 kDa was evident in Western blot analyses in transgenic plants of T4, T5 and T6 generation. Receptor binding assay performed with partially purified Cry1Ab protein from Ab25 E transgenic tomato line, confirmed efficient protein-protein interaction of Cry1Ab toxin with receptor(s) of both the insects. The higher level of Cry1Ab toxin (≈ 0.47 ± 0.01% TSP) did not affect the normal in vitro regeneration, plant development and fruit yield in this transgenic line. This high expressing Cry1Ab homozygous transgenic line can be a useful candidate in tomato breeding programmes for introgression of important agronomical traits.
Interaction of the endocrine system with inflammation: a function of energy and volume regulation
Authors: Straub Rainer H 
Published: February 2014

AbstractDuring acute systemic infectious disease, precisely regulated release of energy-rich substrates (glucose, free fatty acids, and amino acids) and auxiliary elements such as calcium/phosphorus from storage sites (fat tissue, muscle, liver, and bone) are highly important because these factors are needed by an energy-consuming immune system in a situation with little or no food/water intake (sickness behavior). This positively selected program for short-lived infectious diseases is similarly applied during chronic inflammatory diseases. This review presents the interaction of hormones and inflammation by focusing on energy storage/expenditure and volume regulation. Energy storage hormones are represented by insulin (glucose/lipid storage and growth-related processes), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) (muscle and bone growth), androgens (muscle and bone growth), vitamin D (bone growth), and osteocalcin (bone growth, support of insulin, and testosterone). Energy expenditure hormones are represented by cortisol (breakdown of liver glycogen/adipose tissue triglycerides/muscle protein, and gluconeogenesis; water retention), noradrenaline/adrenaline (breakdown of liver glycogen/adipose tissue triglycerides, and gluconeogenesis; water retention), growth hormone (glucogenic, lipolytic; has also growth-related aspects; water retention), thyroid gland hormones (increase metabolic effects of adrenaline/noradrenaline), and angiotensin II (induce insulin resistance and retain water). In chronic inflammatory diseases, a preponderance of energy expenditure pathways is switched on, leading to typical hormonal changes such as insulin/IGF-1 resistance, hypoandrogenemia, hypovitaminosis D, mild hypercortisolemia, and increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Though necessary during acute inflammation in the context of systemic infection or trauma, these long-standing changes contribute to increased mortality in chronic inflammatory diseases.
Application of QbD Principles for the Evaluation of Empty Hard Capsules as an Input Parameter in Formulation Development and Manufacturing
Authors: Stegemann Sven , Connolly Paul , Matthews Wayne , Barnett Rodger , Aylott Mike , Schrooten Karin , Cadé Dominique , Taylor Anthony , Bresciani Massimo 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Understanding the product and process variable on the final product performance is an essential part of the quality-by-design (QbD) principles in pharmaceutical development. The hard capsule is an established pharmaceutical dosage form used worldwide in development and manufacturing. The empty hard capsules are supplied as an excipient that is filled by pharmaceutical manufacturers with a variety of different formulations and products. To understand the potential variations of the empty hard capsules as an input parameter and its potential impact on the finished product quality, a study was performed investigating the critical quality parameters within and in between different batches of empty hard gelatin capsules. The variability of the hard capsules showed high consistency within the specification of the critical quality parameters. This also accounts for the disintegration times, when automatic endpoint detection was used. Based on these data, hard capsules can be considered as a suitable excipient for product development using QbD principles.
Paxillin controls endothelial cell migration and tumor angiogenesis by altering neuropilin 2 expression
Authors: German Alexandra E. , Mammoto Tadanori , Jiang Elisabeth , Ingber Donald E. , Mammoto Akiko 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT
Although a number of growth factors and receptors are known to control tumor angiogenesis, relatively little is known about the mechanism by which these factors influence the directional endothelial cell migration required for cancer microvessel formation. Recently, it has been shown that the focal adhesion protein paxillin is required for directional migration of fibroblasts in vitro. Here, we show that paxillin knockdown enhances endothelial cell migration in vitro and stimulates angiogenesis during normal development and in response to tumor angiogenic factors in vivo. Paxillin produces these effects by decreasing expression of neuropilin 2 (NRP2). Moreover, soluble factors secreted by tumors that stimulate vascular ingrowth, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), also decrease endothelial cell expression of paxillin and NRP2, and overexpression of NRP2 reverses these effects. These results suggest that the VEGF–paxillin–NRP2 pathway could represent a new therapeutic target for cancer and other angiogenesis-related diseases.
α-Catenin cytomechanics – role in cadherin-dependent adhesion and mechanotransduction
Authors: Barry Adrienne K. , Tabdili Hamid , Muhamed Ismaeel , Wu Jun , Shashikanth Nitesh , Gomez Guillermo A. , Yap Alpha S. , Gottardi Cara J. , de Rooij Johan , Wang Ning , Leckband Deborah E. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThe findings presented here demonstrate the role of α-catenin in cadherin-based adhesion and mechanotransduction in different mechanical contexts. Bead-twisting measurements in conjunction with imaging, and the use of different cell lines and α-catenin mutants reveal that the acute local mechanical manipulation of cadherin bonds triggers vinculin and actin recruitment to cadherin adhesions in an actin- and α-catenin-dependent manner. The modest effect of α-catenin on the two-dimensional binding affinities of cell surface cadherins further suggests that force-activated adhesion strengthening is due to enhanced cadherin–cytoskeletal interactions rather than to α-catenin-dependent affinity modulation. Complementary investigations of cadherin-based rigidity sensing also suggest that, although α-catenin alters traction force generation, it is not the sole regulator of cell contractility on compliant cadherin-coated substrata.
Non-muscle Mlck is required for β-catenin- and FoxO1-dependent downregulation of Cldn5 in IL-1β-mediated barrier dysfunction in brain endothelial cells
Authors: Beard Richard S. , Haines Ricci J. , Wu Kevin Y. , Reynolds Jason J. , Davis Stephanie M. , Elliott John E. , Malinin Nikolay L. , Chatterjee Victor , Cha Byeong J. , Wu Mack H. , Yuan Sarah Y. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTAberrant elevation in the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) contributes to neuroinflammatory diseases. Blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction is a hallmark phenotype of neuroinflammation. It is known that IL-1β directly induces BBB hyperpermeability but the mechanisms remain unclear. Claudin-5 (Cldn5) is a tight junction protein found at endothelial cell–cell contacts that are crucial for maintaining brain microvascular endothelial cell (BMVEC) integrity. Transcriptional regulation of Cldn5 has been attributed to the transcription factors β-catenin and forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1), and the signaling molecules regulating their nuclear translocation. Non-muscle myosin light chain kinase (nmMlck, encoded by the Mylk gene) is a key regulator involved in endothelial hyperpermeability, and IL-1β has been shown to mediate nmMlck-dependent barrier dysfunction in epithelia. Considering these factors, we tested the hypothesis that nmMlck modulates IL-1β-mediated downregulation of Cldn5 in BMVECs in a manner that depends on transcriptional repression mediated by β-catenin and FoxO1. We found that treating BMVECs with IL-1β induced barrier dysfunction concomitantly with the nuclear translocation of β-catenin and FoxO1 and the repression of Cldn5. Most importantly, using primary BMVECs isolated from mice null for nmMlck, we identified that Cldn5 repression caused by β-catenin and FoxO1 in IL-1β-mediated barrier dysfunction was dependent on nmMlck.
Interaction of Tris(2-aminoethyl)amine-based Ureas and Thiourea with Superoxide Anion and Peroxide Dianion through Multiple Hydrogen Bonding
Authors: Chikushi Natsuru , Nishikami Yuki , Nishide Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Tris(2-aminoethyl)amine-based urea and thiourea derivatives interacted with a superoxide anion (O2−) and peroxide dianion (O22−): The redox potential of oxygen was positively shifted with the molecules through their multiple-hydrogen-bond donor ability.
Electrochemical Properties of Heated Carbon Nanofibers for Lithium Ion Capacitor
Authors: Ahn Seong-Ki , Yang Jeong-Jin , Kim Hong-Il , Habazaki Hiroki , Park Soo-Gil 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
We have investigated the effects of heat treatment on the electrochemical properties of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) for use as an anode material in lithium ion capacitors. The CNFs were fabricated by liquid-phase carbonization on a porous alumina template that was anodized in oxalic acid at 40 V for 30 min and subjected to a pore-widening process in phosphoric acid at room temperature. The CNFs were heated at temperatures of 600, 1000, and 1400 °C to facilitate rearrangement of the carbon structure.
Reconstructive surgery for deep vein reflux
Authors: Perrin M. 
Published: February 2014

SummaryDVR is defined as a reflux affecting the deep venous system. DVR essentially arises from two etiologies, primary deep valve incompetence (PDVI) and posthrombotic syndrome (PTS), knowing that axial reflux is correlated with severe chronic venous insufficiency. DVR correction aims at reducing the increased ambulatory venous pressure, which results from reflux in deep veins in orthodynamic conditions.The results of DVR surgery are not easy to assess, as it is mostly combined with surgery for superficial venous system and/or perforators insufficiency.In cases of primary insufficiency, valvuloplasty, the operation of choice, is credited at 5 years follow-up with a 70 % success rate in terms of clinical outcome and improved hemodynamic performance. In PTS, a meta-analysis of transpositions and transplants at more than 5 years estimates successful clinical outcome and improved hemodynamic performance at approximately 50 %. The Maleti neovalve construction technique has achieved by far better results.Indications for DVR surgery are based on clinical, hemodynamic and imaging data. Etiology is a decisive factor in the choice of the technique.
BioJS InterMineTable Component: A BioJS component for displaying data from InterMine compatible webservice endpoints
Authors: Kalderimis Alexis , Stepan Radek , Sullivan Julie , Lyne Rachel , Lyne Michael , Micklem Gos 
Published: February 2014

Summary: The InterMineTable component is a reusable JavaScript component as part of the BioJS project. It enables users to embed powerful table-based query facilities in their websites with access to genomic data-warehouses such as http://www.flymine.org, which allow users to perform flexible queries over a wide range of integrated data types.Availability: http://github.com/alexkalderimis/im-tables-biojs; http://github.com/biojs/biojs; http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8301.
FeatureViewer, a BioJS component for visualization of position-based annotations in protein sequences
Authors: Garcia Leyla , Yachdav Guy , Martin Maria-Jesus 
Published: February 2014

Summary: FeatureViewer is a BioJS component that lays out, maps, orients, and renders position-based annotations for protein sequences. This component is highly flexible and customizable, allowing the presentation of annotations by rows, all centered, or distributed in non-overlapping tracks. It uses either lines or shapes for sites and rectangles for regions. The result is a powerful visualization tool that can be easily integrated into web applications as well as documents as it provides an export-to-image functionality.Availability: https://github.com/biojs/biojs/blob/master/src/main/javascript/Biojs.FeatureViewer.js; http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7719
Dynamic Pricing with Multiple Products and Partially Specified Demand Distribution
Authors: den Boer Arnoud V. 
Published: February 2014

We study a dynamic pricing problem with multiple products and infinite inventories. The demand for these products depends on the selling prices and on parameters unknown to the seller. Their value can be learned from accumulating sales data using statistical estimation techniques. The quality of the parameter estimates is influenced by the amount of price dispersion; however, a large amount of variation in the selling prices can be costly since it means that suboptimal prices are used. The seller thus needs to balance optimizing the quality of the parameter estimates and optimizing instant revenue, i.e., exploitation and exploration.In this study we propose a pricing policy for this dynamic pricing problem. The key idea is to use at each time period the price that is optimal with respect to current parameter estimates, with an additional constraint that ensures sufficient price dispersion. We measure the price dispersion by the smallest eigenvalue of the design matrix and show how a desired growth rate of this eigenvalue can be achieved by a simple quadratic constraint in the price-optimization problem. We study the performance of our pricing policy by providing bounds on the regret, which measures the expected revenue loss caused by using suboptimal prices.
Evaluation of Cathode Gas Composition and Temperature Influences on Alkaline Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (AAEMFC) Performance
Authors: Leyla Topal , Nunes Kirchner Carolina , Germer Wiebke , Zobel Marco , Dyck Alexander 
Published: February 2014

The effects of different temperatures (55, 65, 75 and 85 °C) and cathode gas compositions (O2, synthetic air, air and 90% synthetic air+10% CO2) on alkaline anion exchange membrane fuel cell (AAEMFC) were evaluated. Membrane electrode assemblies (MEA) were fabricated using commercial anion exchange membrane (AEM) in OH- form and Pt catalyst. Polarization curves and voltage responses during constant current were performed in order to describe the influences of temperature and gas composition on the AAEMFC performance. The experimental results showed that the fuel cell performance increases with elevating temperatures for all applied gas compositions. Highest power density of 34.7 mW cm-2 was achieved for pure O2 as cathode feed. A decrease to 20.3 mW cm-2 was observed when cathode gas composition was changed to synthetic air due to reduction of the O2 partial pressure. The presence of CO2 in atmospheric air applied to the cathode stream caused a further drop of the maximum power density to 15.2 mW cm-2 driven by neutralization of OH- ions with CO2.
Unbounded bivariant K-theory and correspondences in noncommutative geometry
Authors: Mesland Bram 
Published: February 2014

Abstract.

By introducing a notion of smooth connection for unbounded

K
K

$KK$

-cycles, we show that the Kasparov product of such cycles can be defined directly, by an algebraic formula. In order to achieve this, it is necessary to develop a framework of smooth algebras and a notion of differentiable C*
-module. The theory of operator spaces provides the required tools.
Finally, the above mentioned

K
K

$KK$

-cycles with connection can be viewed as the morphisms in a category whose objects are spectral triples.
From trash to resource: a green approach to noble-metals dissolution and recovery
Authors: Serpe Angela , Artizzu Flavia , Espa Davide , Rigoldi Americo , Mercuri Maria Laura , Deplano Paola 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
A process based on the lixiviant properties of organic mixtures of dihalogen/S,S-ligands, N,N′-dimethyl-perhydrodiazepine-2,3-dithione (Me2dazdt) and tetraalkylthiuramdisulphide (Et4TDS) in the presence of diiodine, for gold recovery from the non-ferrous metal fraction of real shredded waste electric and electronic equipment (WEEE), is presented here. Selective dissolution of metals is achieved through a sequence of three steps where the oxidation of different kinds of metals is achieved by using: (1) refluxing water solutions of HCl 1:5 under Ar atmosphere (Sn, Zn, etc.); (2) water solutions of NH3/(NH4)2SO4 mixtures in the presence of H2O2 on the resting sample (Cu, Ag); and (3) acetone solutions of Me2dazdt or Et4TDS/I2 mixtures on the final residue (Au). Each step is followed by a further treatment for: (1) metal recovery, in the case of Au, Cu, Ag; and (2) inertization, in the case of heavy metals. As a whole, the process is very promising for effective recovery of gold and other valuable noble-metals and for using non harmful reagents in mild conditions.