bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In-Line Inspection Tool Performance Evaluation Using Field Excavation Data
Authors: Skow Jason , LeBlanc Len 
Published: December 2014

This paper is based on some of the findings resulting from the PRCI project NDE-4E which examined the performance of various crack ILI technologies based on an industry data mining exercise. One of the project deliverables was an extensive database of crack in-line inspection (ILI) and excavation information collected from operators. This was used to characterize the field performance of ILI technologies with respect to detection, identification and sizing of crack features.
Thousands of feature measurements were collected from several operating companies. The data were validated to ensure completeness, consistency and accuracy, and stored in a database. The main results to date are as follows:
• Most profiles have shallow areas along the feature length — they are not semi-elliptical or parabolic in shape as usually assumed in burst pressure computations. Shallow regions increase the defect length, but do not increase the defect cross-section proportionally.
• If it is assumed that the ILI tool requires a minimum depth before a portion of a feature is reported, it follows that the length reported by the ILI tool would differ from that observed in the field. This is due to the fact that the ILI tool would be reporting the length of the crack at some threshold depth and the field would be reporting the feature length at the surface.
• Using depth profiles, an effective detection depth was calculated, that is the average depth at which the ILI length aligns with the profile. This was determined to be an average value of 0.88 mm for cracks and 0.83 mm for crack-fields which exceeds published ILI tool specification.
• Shallow parts of a crack profile have significant impact on the field-measured length, but do not significantly impact the burst pressure.
• For 83% of the data, the remaining strength factor (RSF) calculated using ILI data is within 10% of the RSF value calculated using field profiles.
• Feature depth recorded in depth categories by the ILI tools show sensitivity to their proximity to long seam welds for crack-like features.
• Overall, Burst pressure is more relevant to pipeline integrity than either length or depth individually and burst pressure calculated from ILI measurements is conservatively biased compared to burst pressure calculated from profile data.
Dynamic Testing
Authors: Kalivoda Raymond J. , Smith Jim H. , Gailey Nicole L. 
Published: December 2014

Dynamic factory testing is an important step in the manufacturing of ultrasonic meters for custody transfer and other high accuracy petroleum applications. By utilizing a multiple product, high accuracy test system and a proper test program, a meter’s performance can be simulated over a wide flow and viscosity operating range. The test results give the user a detailed graph of the meter’s performance over the actual site operating parameters. The test verifies the meter’s performance prior to shipment but more importantly provides k-factor sensitivity to optimize measurement accuracy throughout the operating range. This paper outlines the theoretical basis and fundamentals of dynamic testing. It illustrates the process with data from an ultrasonic meter factory test recently conducted for a North Sea operating company. The meter was a 12 inch multi-path ultrasonic meter operating over a flow range of 636 to 1,113 m3/h (4,000 to 7,000 BPH) and a viscosity range of 5 to 350 cSt.
The details of dynamic testing and the relationship between the measurement accuracy of a meter and dynamic testing will be the focus of this paper. It will include:
• The fundamental operating principle of ultrasonic
• Fluid dynamic properties such as boundary layer and flow profiles
• The characteristics of the flow profiles in the different flow regimes that affect crude oil measurement
• The dynamic operating range of crude oil meters
• How dynamic testing is used in factory testing to verify the performance of a meter
• Results of the 12 inch multi-path ultrasonic meter factory testing
This paper will provide the necessary information to fully understand the basis and proper methods for dynamic testing to determine the operating performance of an ultrasonic meter.
The Impact of Natural and Anthropogenic Climate Change on Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Tracks*
Authors: Colbert Angela J. , Soden Brian J. , Kirtman Ben P. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The impact of natural and anthropogenic climate change on tropical cyclone (TC) tracks in the western North Pacific (WNP) is examined using a beta and advection model (BAM) to isolate the influence of changes in the large-scale steering flow from changes in genesis location. The BAM captures many of the observed changes in TC tracks due to El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), while little change is noted for the Pacific decadal oscillation and all-India monsoon rainfall in either observations or BAM simulations. Analysis with the BAM suggests that the observed shifts in the average track between the phases of ENSO are primarily due to changes in the large-scale steering flow, with changes in genesis location playing a secondary role.
Potential changes in TC tracks over the WNP due to anthropogenic climate change are also assessed. Ensemble mean projections are downscaled from 17 CMIP3 models and 26 CMIP5 models. Statistically significant decreases [~(4%–6%)] in westward moving TCs and increases [~(5%–7%)] in recurving ocean TCs are found. These correspond to projected decreases of 3–5 TCs per decade over the Philippines and increases of 1–3 TCs per decade over the central WNP. The projected changes are primarily caused by a reduction in the easterlies. This slows the storm movement, allowing more time for the beta drift to carry the storm northward and recurve. A previous study found similar results in the North Atlantic. Taken together, these results suggest that a weakening of the mean atmospheric circulation in response to anthropogenic warming will lead to fewer landfalling storms over the North Atlantic and WNP.
A fast method for L1–L2 modeling for MR image compressive sensing
Authors: Zhu Yonggui , Liu Xiaoman 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
We use a positive parameter to develop a differentiable perturbed reconstruction model to solve the L1–L2 magnetic resonance image (MRI) reconstruction problem. We use Bregman iterative formulation to solve the differentiable perturbed L1–L2 model, and lagged diffusivity fixed-point iteration to solve the minimization problem in the Bregman iteration. Two Fourier transforms and an inverse Fourier transform are used to accelerate L1–L2 MRI reconstruction. Real MR images are used to test the method in numerical experiments. The results demonstrate that the proposed method is very efficient for L1–L2 MRI reconstruction.
Franz von Kutschera über ungegenständliche Erfahrungen und ihre (religions-)philosophische Bedeutung
Authors: Kraschl Dominikus 
Published: December 2014

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag diskutiert im Anschluss an Franz von Kutschera die (religions-)philosophische und theologische Bedeutung ungegenständlicher Erfahrungen. Es handelt sich um Erfahrungen, die sich nicht oder nur bedingt als Erfahrungen eines Subjekts von einem Objekt beschreiben lassen. Besonders in den Blick genommen wird die Relevanz ungegenständlicher Erfahrungen sowohl für die Semantik religiöser Rede als auch für die Epistemologie religiöser Überzeugungen. In diesem Zusammenhang wird argumentiert, dass die kognitive Relevanz dieser Erfahrungen davon abhängt, ob sie innerhalb eines weltanschaulichen Paradigmas einen Beitrag zu einem kohärenten und umfassenden Verständnis der uns begegnenden Wirklichkeit leisten.
The Turnover and Politicisation of Lithuanian Public Sector Managers
Authors: Nakrošis Vitalis 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis article presents the results of our research on party patronage and state politicisation in different Lithuanian public sector organisations (government agencies and agencies under the ministries, state-owned enterprises, personal health care and educational institutions). Although repeating alterations of governments best explained the frequent turnover of some public sector heads, their politicisation was related to the length of party rule in power, beliefs of the political and administrative elite and density of the party networks. The legal protection of civil service jobs was only important in the case of the agencies under the ministries whose managers always held career civil service positions. Furthermore, substantial variation in the scope of politicisation was related to such administrative factors as the political salience of policy areas and organisational functions, as well as budget size, which suggested different motivations and opportunities of party patronage in the Lithuanian public sector.
Anatomic Severity, Midfacial Growth, and Speech Outcomes in Van der Woude/Popliteal Pterygium Syndromes Compared to Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip/Palate
Authors: Reardon Jeffrey B. , Brustowicz Katherine A. , Marrinan Eileen M. , Mulliken John B. , Padwa Bonnie L. 
Published: December 2014

Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics and surgical and speech outcomes for patients with Van der Woude/popliteal pterygium syndromes (VWS/PPS) and to compare them with a historic cohort of patients with nonsyndromic cleft lip/cleft palate (CL/P) Design Retrospective chart review. Setting Tertiary care center. Patients All patients with VWS/PPS seen at Boston Children's Hospital from 1979 to 2012: 28 patients with VWS (n = 21)/PPS (n = 7) whose mean age was 17.3 ± 10.4 years, including 18 females (64%) and 10 males (36%); 18 patients (64%) had a family history of VWS/PPS. Main Outcome Measures Cleft type, operative procedures, speech, and midfacial growth. Data were compared with historic cohorts of patients with nonsyndromic CL/P treated at one tertiary care center. Results There were 24 patients (86%) with CP±L, Veau types I (n = 4,17%), II (n = 4, 17%), III (n = 5, 21%), and IV (n = 11, 46%). Nine patients (38%) had palatal fistula after palatoplasty. Fourteen of 23 (61%) patients with CL/P age 5 years or older had midfacial retrusion, and 10 (43%) required a pharyngeal flap for velopharyngeal insufficiency. Fisher's exact test demonstrated higher frequencies of Veau type IV CP±L ( P = .0016), bilateral CL±P ( P = .0001), and complete CL±P ( P < .0001) in VWS/PPS compared with nonsyndromic patients. Incidences of midfacial retrusion ( P = .0001), palatal fistula ( P < .0001), and need for pharyngeal flap ( P = .0014) were significantly greater in patients with VWS/PPS. Conclusions Patients with VWS/PPS have more severe forms of labiopalatal clefting and higher incidences of midfacial retrusion, palatal fistula, and velopharyngeal insufficiency following primary repair as compared with nonsyndromic CL/P.
Effect of Two Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors on the Color Stability of a Nanofilled Resin Composite
Authors: Iskander M , Elkassas D , Mohsen MA 
Published: December 2014

SUMMARY

Objectives
This in vitro study evaluated the effect of two matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors on the color stability of two shades of a nanofilled resin composite.

Methods and Materials
A total of 60 sound human molars were used in this study. Flat dentin surfaces were obtained by wet grinding the occlusal surfaces. Following acid etching, the molars were divided into three equal groups according to the MMP inhibitor used: Group 1: no inhibitor (control group), group 2: chlorhexidine digluconate based (CHX; Consepsis, Ultradent, South Jordan, UT, USA); group 3: doxycycline based (MTAD; Biopure, Dentsply TulsaDental, Johnson, TN, USA). Adper Single Bond 2 Adhesive (3M ESPE, St Paul, MN, USA) was applied to the treated dentin surfaces. Each group was then subdivided into two equal subgroups of 10 molars each, according to the shade of the resin composite (Filtek Z350 XT, 3M ESPE) used, either B1 or A3. The color was assessed for each subgroup at three times: baseline (after 24 hours); after aging using a total energy of 600 kJ/m2 (Weather-Ometer Ci35A, Atlas Electronic Devices Company, Chicago, IL, USA); and then after a second period of aging, for a total energy of 1200 kJ/m2. Color assessment was carried out using a spectrophotometer. Color change (ΔE) was calculated according to the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage L*a* b* color scale, comparing each aging period with the baseline color measurement. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test.

Results
All tested subgroups showed greater discoloration than the clinically acceptable level (3.3). MTAD induced the highest statistically significant color change, followed by CHX, whereas the control groups showed the lowest statistical ΔE values with both tested shades. Shade B1 subgroups showed higher ΔE values when compared with shade A3 subgroups.

Conclusion
Accelerated aging caused color change in a nanofilled resin composite regardless of MMP inhibitor used. Furthermore, lighter shades showed less color stability when compared with darker shades.
Step counts and self-reported physical activity among upper elementary school students vary with aerobic fitness
Authors: McGee Annie , Williams Skip M. , Coleman Margaret M. , Hurd Amy , Laurson Kelly R. 
Published: December 2014

Summary
Study aim: The purpose of this study was to examine if step-counts during PE and self-reported PA of elementary grade students varied based on the aerobic capacity.
Material and methods: Ninety elementary physical education students, enrolled in the 4th and 5th grade, from one elementary school in the Midwestern USA participated. Each participant completed the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C), wore a pedometer in PE to measure steps taken, and completed the PACER aerobic fitness test. A multiple regression analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between steps taken by students and PAQ-C score in predicting aerobic capacity as measured through the PACER test.
Results: Average steps significantly predicted PACER laps (β = 0.48, p < 0.01), as did the PAQ-C (β = 0.28, p < 0.001). For males, average steps significantly predicted PACER laps (β = 0.48 p < 0.01), while the PAQ-C and the PACER beta coefficients were not statistically significant (β = 0.14, p = 0.30). Results for females indicated average steps significantly predicted PACER laps (β = 0.38, p < 0.01), as did the PAQ-C (β = 0.46, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Results from this study indicate that student steps taken during PE and self-report PA has an association with students’ completed PACER laps.
Active queue management with discrete sliding modes in TCP networks
Authors: Ignaciuk P. , Karbowańczyk M. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
In this paper, a new active queue management (AQM) algorithm for data traffic control in TCP/IP networks is developed. The algorithm design is based on the principles of discrete sliding-mode control. Unlike majority of earlier studies, the design procedure considers the effects of both non-negligible delay in transferring data and feedback information and unpredictable capacity variations. The switching function is selected to incorporate a delay compensation mechanism, which ensures efficient network operation even for large bandwidthdelay product connections. The proposed algorithm, implemented as a packet marking scheme, is tested in discrete event ns-2 simulator. The results show that the algorithm provides fast convergence to steady state after sudden, unanticipated capacity changes. By generating smaller overshoots, the proposed algorithm also allows for reducing buffer space requirements to avoid packet loss as compared to the benchmark AQM solutions.
The vibration of prototype aircraft propeller speed reduction unit – test bench and FEM numerical simulation study
Authors: Ostapski W. , Aromiński A. , Dowkontt S. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The results of torsional shaft vibration bench tests for a prototype aircraft propeller speed reduction unit are presented in this paper. The study was conducted as a function of engine speed and lubrication conditions. 3D model of the propeller speed reduction unit was developed. By using the finite element method, normal modes frequencies were defined. The simulation was conducted both unloaded and loaded under nominal power conditions.
A Thermo-Hydraulic Tool for Automatic Virtual Hazop Evaluation
Authors: Pugi L. , Conti R. , Rindi A. , Rossin S. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Development of complex lubrication systems in the Oil&Gas industry has reached high levels of competitiveness in terms of requested performances and reliability. In particular, the use of HazOp (acronym of Hazard and Operability) analysis represents a decisive factor to evaluate safety and reliability of plants. The HazOp analysis is a structured and systematic examination of a planned or existing operation in order to identify and evaluate problems that may represent risks to personnel or equipment. In particular, P&ID schemes (acronym of Piping and Instrument Diagram according to regulation in force ISO 14617) are used to evaluate the design of the plant in order to increase its safety and reliability in different operating conditions. The use of a simulation tool can drastically increase speed, efficiency and reliability of the design process. In this work, a tool, called TTH lib (acronym of Transient Thermal Hydraulic Library) for the 1-D simulation of thermal hydraulic plants is presented. The proposed tool is applied to the analysis of safety relevant components of compressor and pumping units, such as lubrication circuits. Opposed to the known commercial products, TTH lib has been customized in order to ease simulation of complex interactions with digital logic components and plant controllers including their sensors and measurement systems. In particular, the proposed tool is optimized for fixed step execution and fast prototyping of Real Time code both for testing and production purposes. TTH lib can be used as a standard SimScape-Simulink library of components optimized and specifically designed in accordance with the P&ID definitions. Finally, an automatic code generation procedure has been developed, so TTH simulation models can be directly assembled from the P&ID schemes and technical documentation including detailed informations of sensor and measurement system.
The Uniate church with three “towers” in the village of Michale on the Bug
Authors: Sygowski Pawel 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe specificity of cultural tradition of the Uniate Church in the Commonwealth [Republic] of Poland was the integration of elements of the Eastern and the Western Church tradition. This process intensified throughout the 18th century and was observable first of all in the church interiors as well as in architecture. The result of assimilation of Latin elements was inter alia similarities in the appearance of Uniate and Catholic churches - more often in the western and northern regions of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Kiev. In the church interior, the iconostasis was replaced by a set of Baroque altars - the main and usually two side ones. Pews, pulpits, confessionals and even pipe organs appeared. In the Eastern-Church architecture the three-part layout (the chancel, nave, and women’s section) was replaced by the two-part layout (the chancel and the large rectangular nave covered by gabled roofs with an ave-bell turret). The richest form of the Latinized Uniate church body was the churches with the two-tower front facade (inter alia Buśno, Kodeniec, Dywin [Dzivin], Hołoby [Goloby], Olble). After the Partitions, new patterns of Orthodox Church architecture were introduced in the Russian partition, in particular after the liquidation of the Uniate Church (in the Russian Empire - 1839, in the Kingdom of Poland - 1875). Uniate churches were replaced by Orthodox churches built in the Russian “national” style. After the devastations caused by the two World Wars, after the practice of demolishing Orthodox churches in the Lublin region in 1938, and after demolishing them under the Soviet Union and People’s Poland, there are very few Uniate churches left. In order to have a complete picture of the Uniate religious tradition, archives have to be searched (records of inspections, and inventories). The inspection records of 1788 describe the Uniate church (built in 1751) in the village of Michale on the Bug as one with “three towers”. The records show a similar description of the no longer extant Uniate church in Wielka Hłusza (Velyka Hlusha) in Volhynia: according to a later description it had two towers with a prominent ave-bell turret. It could be assumed that the Uniate church in Michale had a similar appearance. This church, converted in 1881 in the Russian “national” style”, completely lost its former appearance.
Intimate images of death in contemporary Polish documentaries
Authors: Tes Urszula 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe theme of death in contemporary Polish documentary cinema is increasingly present, which is distinctly evidenced by the creative works of Marcin Koszałka, who debunks one more social taboo. The author of the paper is interested in the intimate presentation of death, which, on the one hand, has a provocative dimension, and, on the other, it stems from the personal need to confess, which is carried out by the film alter egos of Koszałka, for example by his sister in Ucieknijmy od niej [Let’s run away from her] or by Piotr Korczak in Deklaracja nieśmiertelności [Declaration of Independence]. The films made by Koszałka - the author of Istnienie [The Existence] are based on baroque concepts which, by shocking the audience with their form, are meant to ask fundamental existential questions. Koszałka’s creative output is viewed by scholars first of all from the standpoint of self-treatment, which seems insuficient: when analyzing Koszałka’s films, it is impossible to avoid an ethical or existentialist perspective Another interesting and separate example of intimate presentation of the death theme is the film by Adam Sikora Paweł [Paul], which presents the Mikołów Institute director suffering from cancer: the camera accompanies Paweł Targiel’s “confession”, which reveals the stream of consciousness of the departing man. These extremely different presentations: baroque pieces by Koszałka and ascetic ones by Sikora essentially ask the same questions about the limits of documentary cinema.