bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Closing the wounds: One hundred and twenty five years of regenerative biology in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis
Authors: Jeffery William R. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryThis year marks the 125th anniversary of the beginning of regeneration research in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis. A brief note was published in 1891, reporting the regeneration of the Ciona neural complex and siphons. This launched an active period of Ciona regeneration research culminating in the demonstration of partial body regeneration: the ability of proximal body parts to regenerate distal ones, but not vice versa. In a process resembling regeneration, wounds in the siphon tube were discovered to result in the formation of an ectopic siphon. Ciona regeneration research then lapsed into a period of relative inactivity after the purported demonstration of the inheritance of acquired characters using siphon regeneration as a model. Around the turn of the present century, Ciona regeneration research experienced a new blossoming. The current studies established the morphological and physiological integrity of the regeneration process and its resemblance to ontogeny. They also determined some of the cell types responsible for tissue and organ replacement and their sources in the body. Finally, they showed that regenerative capacity is reduced with age. Many other aspects of regeneration now can be studied at the mechanistic level because of the extensive molecular tools available in Ciona. genesis 53:48–65, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Best nutrition counseling practices for the treatment of anorexia nervosa: A Delphi study
Authors: Mittnacht Anne M. , Bulik Cynthia M. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo use Delphi methodology to evaluate the extent to which a panel of registered dietitians (RDs) who treat anorexia nervosa (AN) concur on parameters related to nutrition counseling for AN.MethodThe twenty‐one panelists who participated in this study: (i) were RDs (ii) had specialized in nutritional counseling for eating disorders for 5 years or more, and (iii) had Internet access at home or work. Over a 10‐week period (between 8/2013 and 11/2013), panelists completed three iterative questionnaires. Questionnaire 1 included 12 open‐ended questions regarding nutrition counseling for patients with AN. Subsequent questionnaires were developed based on a content analysis of responses to the first questionnaire, and panelists were asked to rank their level of agreement with these items.ResultsConsensus was defined as 85% agreement and was achieved for 47 (35.3%) of the 133 items included in the third questionnaire. Items achieving consensus described nutrition counseling approaches that are applicable to all patients with AN, and their wording typically allowed for consideration of individual needs. Some items that did not achieve consensus reflected approaches for which individual tailoring may be necessary depending on age, stage of illness, and other patient factors. Consensus was also not shown for approaches for which there is little evidence.DiscussionNutritional counseling intervention for AN has some consensus features, but the need for individualization was apparent. A stronger evidence‐base for nutritional counseling interventions for AN would provide guidance and facilitate greater consistency among RDs regarding how to best care for this patient population. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:111–122)
Type I interferons have opposing effects during the emergence and recovery phases of colitis
Authors: Rauch Isabella , Hainzl Eva , Rosebrock Felix , Heider Susanne , Schwab Clarissa , Berry David , Stoiber Dagmar , Wagner Michael , Schleper Christa , Loy Alexander , Urich Tim , Müller Mathias , Strobl Birgit , Kenner Lukas , Decker Thomas 
Published: June 2014

The contribution of the innate immune system to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is under intensive investigation. Research in animal models has demonstrated that type I interferons (IFN‐Is) protect from IBD. In contrast, studies of patients with IBD have produced conflicting results concerning the therapeutic potential of IFN‐Is. Here, we present data suggesting that IFN‐Is play dual roles as regulators of intestinal inflammation in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)‐treated C57BL/6 mice. Though IFN‐Is reduced acute intestinal damage and the abundance of colitis‐associated intestinal bacteria caused by treatment with a high dose of DSS, they also inhibited the resolution of inflammation after DSS treatment. IFN‐Is played an anti‐inflammatory role by suppressing the release of IL‐1β from the colon MHC class II+ cells. Consistently, IL‐1 receptor blockade reduced the severity of inflammation in IFN‐I receptor‐deficient mice and myeloid cell‐restricted ablation of the IFN‐I receptor was detrimental. The proinflammatory role of IFN‐Is during recovery from DSS treatment was caused by IFN‐I‐dependent cell apoptosis as well as an increase in chemokine production and infiltrating inflammatory monocytes and neutrophils. Thus, IFN‐Is play opposing roles in specific phases of intestinal injury and inflammation, which may be important for guiding treatment strategies in patients.
European consensus proposal for immunoglobulin therapies
Authors: Sewell W. A. Carrock , Kerr Jacqueline , Behr‐Gross Marie‐Emmanuelle , Peter Hans‐Hartmut ,   on behalf of the Kreuth Ig Working Group
Published: June 2014

The use of immunoglobulin (Ig) preparations (intravenous, IVIg, subcutaneous, SCIg) for replacement and immunomodulation therapy worldwide has tripled in the past 20 years and represents an ever‐increasing cost factor for healthcare organizations. The limited access to the starting material of this essential medicinal product is currently the driving force for human plasma collection. Increasing awareness and improved diagnosis of human primary immunodeficiencies and a broadening of immunomodulatory indications are responsible for this development, and on a longer run might lead to plasma supply shortages. Consensus recommendations for the optimal use of Ig in clinical practice, including priority rankings for the most urgent indications, are therefore urgently needed. During a recent meeting in Kreuth, Germany, expert nominees from 36 Council of Europe states, together with colleagues from observer countries and regulatory agencies came up with this consensus statement.image
STAT of the union: Dynamics of distinct tumor‐associated macrophage subsets governed by STAT1
Authors: Van Overmeire Eva , Laoui Damya , Keirsse Jiri , Bonelli Stefano , Lahmar Qods , Van Ginderachter Jo A. 
Published: June 2014

The tumor stroma has long been ignored as therapeutic target, but it has become clear that several stromal cell types play a nonredundant role during tumor progression. In particular, macrophages possess the capacity to stimulate tumor growth and metastasis via multiple mechanisms. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, a study by Tymoszuk et al. Eur. J. Immunol. 2014. 44: 2247–2262 demonstrates that both monocyte recruitment and local macrophage proliferation determines the tumor‐associated macrophage (TAM) pool size in HER2/Neu‐driven mammary carcinomas. These tumors contain two main TAM subsets—MHC class II (MHC‐II)loF4/80hi and MHC‐IIhiF4/80lo—similar to what was observed in other tumor models. Interestingly, only the MHC‐IIloF4/80hi subset is largely absent in a STAT1‐deficient background. STAT1 induces the expression of CSF‐1, which in turn drives TAM proliferation and possibly also the M2 gene signature of MHC‐IIloF4/80hi TAM. Conversely, STAT1 deficiency upregulates M2 gene expression in MHC‐IIhiF4/80lo TAM, demonstrating that both TAM subsets are differentially regulated, probably as a consequence of their distinct intratumoral localization. In this Commentary, we place these findings in the context of current knowledge and propose new avenues for future research.
Temporo‐frontal functional connectivity during auditory change detection is altered in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Hsiao Fu‐Jung , Chen Wei‐Ta , Wang Pei‐Ning , Cheng Chia‐Hsiung , Lin Yung‐Yang 
Published: June 2014

AbstractCortico‐cortical connections might be disturbed in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aimed to investigate the alterations of functional connectivity in AD during auditory change detection processing by measuring the local neuronal activation and functional connectivity between cortical regions. Magnetoencephalographic responses to deviant and standard sounds were recorded in 16 AD patients, 18 young controls and 16 elderly controls. Larger source amplitudes and shorter peak latencies were found in the right temporal magnetic mismatch responses of young controls compared with elderly controls and AD patients. During deviant stimuli, the right theta temporal‐frontal phase synchrony was significantly smaller in AD than in young controls and elderly controls. Moreover, the left temporal‐frontal synchronization at theta and alpha bands was reduced in AD and elderly controls compared with young controls. In conclusion, the loss in temporo‐frontal theta synchronization might be an electrophysiological hallmark of AD. Hum Brain Mapp 35:5565–5577, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis and Cyclization Reactions of Axially Chiral N‐Sulfamoyl‐acrylamidines
Authors: Lender Andreas , Tornus Ingo , Hübner Eike , Schaumann Ernst 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTN‐Sulfonylamines are generated and in situ reacted with 3‐dialkylamino‐2H‐azirines to give N‐sulfamoyl‐acrylamidines. The magnetic nonequivalence of prochiral groups in the 1H NMR spectrum suggests an axially chiral structure, which is supported by density‐functional theory calculations. Base‐induced cyclization occurs readily to give 1,2,6‐thiadiazine derivatives.
Regioselective Nucleophilic Substitution of 5‐Bromo‐2‐methoxytropone
Authors: Sato Ohki , Nitta Ai , Yamamoto Ami 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTThe reaction of 5‐bromo‐2‐methoxytropone with O‐ and N‐nucleophiles, such as ethanol/potassium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, diethylamine, propylamine, p‐chloroaniline/triethylamine, and p‐phenylenediamine/triethylamine, gave corresponding 2‐O‐ and 2‐N‐substituted troponoids. Alkyl diamines reacted with the substrate to produce bis(2‐aminotropone)s. In the case of S‐nucleophiles as 1‐propanethiol, thiophenol, and 4‐aminothiophenol with a base, the regioselective substitution at the 5‐position occurred. Halogenation reagents, triphenyldibromophosphorane and its dichloro analogue, furnished 2,5‐dibromo‐ and 2,5‐dichlorotropones, respectively.
Developmental topographical disorientation and decreased hippocampal functional connectivity
Authors: Iaria Giuseppe , Arnold Aiden E.G.F. , Burles Ford , Liu Irene , Slone Edward , Barclay Sarah , Bech‐Hansen Torben N. , Levy Richard M. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTDevelopmental topographical disorientation (DTD) is a newly discovered cognitive disorder in which individuals experience a lifelong history of getting lost in both novel and familiar surroundings. Recent studies have shown that such a selective orientation defect relies primarily on the inability of the individuals to form cognitive maps, i.e., mental representations of the surrounding that allow individuals to get anywhere from any location in the environment, although other orientation skills are additionally affected. To date, the neural correlates of this developmental condition are unknown. Here, we tested the hypothesis that DTD may be related to ineffective functional connectivity between the hippocampus (HC; known to be critical for cognitive maps) and other brain regions critical for spatial orientation. A group of individuals with DTD and a group of control subjects underwent a resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) scan. In addition, we performed voxel‐based morphometry to investigate potential structural differences between individuals with DTD and controls. The results of the rsfMRI study revealed a decreased functional connectivity between the right HC and the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in individuals with DTD. No structural differences were detected between groups. These findings provide evidence that ineffective functional connectivity between HC and PFC may affect the monitoring and processing of spatial information while moving within an environment, resulting in the lifelong selective inability of individuals with DTD to form cognitive maps that are critical for orienting in both familiar and unfamiliar surroundings. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An Allais paradox without mental time travel
Authors: Craver Carl F. , Cova Florian , Green Leonard , Myerson Joel , Rosenbaum R. Shayna , Kwan Donna , Bourgeois‐Gironde Sacha 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTThe capacity to anticipate future experiences of regret has been hypothesized to explain otherwise irrational aspects of human decision‐making, including the certainty effect (Kahneman and Tversky (1979) Econometrica 47:263–291) and the common ratio effect (Allais (1953) Econometrica 21:503–546). The anticipated regret hypothesis predicts that individuals incapable of episodically imagining their personal futures, as has been reported for people with extensive damage to medial temporal lobe structures and resulting deficits in episodic thought, should be immune to these effects. We report that K.C., who has extensive bilateral damage to his hippocampus and adjacent medial temporal lobe structures and nearly complete deficits in his ability to episodically imagine his personal future, nonetheless displays both the certainty and the common ratio effects. These results suggest that the episodic anticipation of future regret does not explain the general human tendency to display the certainty and common ratio effects. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Activity‐based anorexia during adolescence disrupts normal development of the CA1 pyramidal cells in the ventral hippocampus of female rats
Authors: Chowdhury Tara G. , Ríos Mariel B. , Chan Thomas E. , Cassataro Daniela S. , Barbarich‐Marsteller Nicole C. , Aoki Chiye 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTAnorexia nervosa (AN) is a psychiatric illness characterized by restricted eating and irrational fears of gaining weight. There is no accepted pharmacological treatment for AN, and AN has the highest mortality rate among psychiatric illnesses. Anorexia nervosa most commonly affects females during adolescence, suggesting an effect of sex and hormones on vulnerability to the disease. Activity‐based anorexia (ABA) is a rodent model of AN that shares symptoms with AN, including over‐exercise, elevation of stress hormones, and genetic links to anxiety traits. We previously reported that ABA in adolescent female rats results in increased apical dendritic branching in CA1 pyramidal cells of the ventral hippocampus at postnatal day 44 (P44). To examine the long‐term effects of adolescent ABA (P44) in female rats, we compared the apical branching in the ventral hippocampal CA1 after recovery from ABA (P51) and after a relapse of ABA (P55) with age‐matched controls. To examine the age‐dependence of the hippocampal plasticity, we examined the effect of ABA during adulthood (P67). We found that while ABA at P44 resulted in increased branching of ventral hippocampal pyramidal cells, relapse of ABA at P55 resulted in decreased branching. ABA induced during adulthood did not have an effect on dendritic branching, suggesting an age‐dependence of the vulnerability to structural plasticity. Cells from control animals were found to exhibit a dramatic increase in branching, more than doubling from P44 to P51, followed by pruning from P51 to P55. The proportion of mature spines on dendrites from the P44‐ABA animals is similar to that on dendrites from P55‐CON animals. These results suggest that the experience of ABA may cause precocious anatomical development of the ventral hippocampus. Importantly, we found that adolescence is a period of continued development of the hippocampus, and increased vulnerability to mental disorders during adolescence may be due to insults during this developmentally critical period. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multivariate pattern analysis of the human medial temporal lobe revealed representationally categorical cortex and representationally agnostic hippocampus
Authors: Huffman Derek J. , Stark Craig E.L. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTContemporary theories of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) suggest that there are functional differences between the MTL cortex and the hippocampus. High‐resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging and multivariate pattern analysis were utilized to study whether MTL subregions could classify categories of images, with the hypothesis that the hippocampus would be less representationally categorical than the MTL cortex. Results revealed significant classification accuracy for faces versus objects and faces versus scenes in MTL cortical regions—parahippocampal cortex (PHC) and perirhinal cortex (PRC)—with little evidence for category discrimination in the hippocampus. MTL cortical regions showed significantly greater classification accuracy than the hippocampus. The hippocampus showed significant classification accuracy for images compared to a nonmnemonic baseline task, suggesting that it responded to the images. Classification accuracy in a region of interest encompassing retrosplenial cortex (RSC) and the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) posterior to RSC, showed a similar pattern of results to PHC, supporting the hypothesis that these regions are functionally related. The results suggest that PHC, PRC, and RSC/PCC are representationally categorical and the hippocampus is more representationally agnostic, which is concordant with the hypothesis of the role of the hippocampus in pattern separation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Artemisinin and Curcumin inhibit Drosophila brain tumor, prolong life span, and restore locomotor activity
Authors: Das Sourajit Soumyaranjan , Nanda Gargi Gouranga , Alone Debasmita Pankaj 
Published: June 2014

AbstractDeletion of tumor suppressor gene, lethal(2)giant larvae [l(2)gl], leads to brain tumor in Drosophila melanogaster at larval stage of development and severe brain dysplasia in mice. We have studied the effect of two potential antitumor drugs artemisinin and curcumin in the perspective of inhibiting l(2)gl brain tumor. Efficacies of these drugs are characterized morphologically by measuring brain sizes of untreated and treated larvae on the basis of tumor inhibition and anatomically by looking at the cellular patterning via antibody staining of the third instar Drosophila larval brains. Behavioral experiments were done in form of locomotion to correlate tumor inhibition with the revival of brain function and longevity assays to assess general health span. It was observed that both drugs show antitumor properties individually and in combination when larvae were treated with these drugs. We also found evidence for reactive oxygen species‐mediated action of these drugs. Both the drugs when treated individually or together show better median life span and locomotory response. Although the efficacies of various treatments varied, overall, the positive effects of artemisinin and curcumin demonstrate a potential applicability of these drugs against brain tumor in higher organisms. It also paves a way for a simpler model system for screening such natural products for antitumor property. © 2014 IUBMB Life, 66(7):496–506, 2014
Preventing HIV infection: Pre‐exposure and postexposure prophylaxis
Authors: Doblecki‐Lewis Susanne , Kolber Michael A. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractData supporting the use of pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and nonoccupational postexposure prophylaxis (nPEP) in the prevention of HIV infection after a sexual encounter continue to grow. In this review, we describe some of the research driving the various recommendations for use of antiretrovirals in prevention. In addition, current research is described regarding the establishment of viral reservoirs that argues for rethinking the timing for nPEP treatment. We discuss the variables that impact on the choice of prevention antiretrovirals, including drug distribution, drug transporters, and potential impact of race and ethnicity on these variables. © 2014 IUBMB Life, 66(7):453–461, 2014
The effect of APH treatment on surface bonding and osseointegration of Ti‐6Al‐7Nb implants: An in vitro and in vivo study
Authors: Nguyen Thuy‐Duong Thi , Moon So‐Hee , Oh Tae‐Ju , Park Il‐Song , Lee Min‐Ho , Bae Tae‐Sung 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of anodization‐cyclic precalcification‐heat (APH) treatment on the bonding ability of Ca‐P coating to the parent metal and osseointegration of Ti‐6Al‐7Nb implants. Eighteen Ti‐6Al‐7Nb discs, 9 untreated and 9 APH‐treated, were cultured with osteoblast cells in vitro, and the cellular differentiation ability was assayed at 1, 2, and 3 weeks. For in vivo testing, 28 Ti‐6Al‐7Nb implants (14 implants of each group) were inserted to rat tibias, and after each 4 and 6 weeks of implantation, bone bonding, and osseointegration were evaluated through removal torque and histological analysis. Osteoblast‐culturing showed twice as much of the alkaline phosphatase activity on the treated surface at 3 weeks than on the untreated surface (p < 0.05). The treated implants exhibited higher removal torque values than the untreated ones (15.5 vs. 1.8 Ncm at 4 weeks and 19.7 vs. 2.6 Ncm at 6 weeks, p < 0.05). Moreover, the excellent bonding quality of coats was confirmed by the existence of cohesive fractures on the surface of removed APH implants (field emission scanning electron microscopy and histological observation). Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded that the APH treatment significantly enhanced osseointegration of the Ti‐6Al‐7Nb implant, with the stable bonding between the coating and the implant surface. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B: 641–648, 2015.
Differences in Mathematical Performance, Creativity Potential, and Need for Cognitive Closure between Chinese and Australian Students
Authors: Ma Choi‐Chi Evelene , Rapee Ronald M. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractResearch has shown that Chinese students outperform students from several Western countries on mathematics performance while some evidence has suggested that Western students perform more strongly on tests of creativity. One potential mechanism for these differences may be a higher need for cognitive closure among Chinese students. The current research compared performance on tests of mathematics and creativity among 50 students of Chinese background and 49 Australian students of Anglo‐Saxon background. As predicted, Chinese students performed better on mathematics while Australian students performed better on the measure of creativity. Australian students also had a lower score on one subscale of the need for cognitive closure, preference for predictability. Across the sample, preference for predictability showed small but significant negative correlations with several measures of creativity and positive correlations with several measures of mathematics. These findings were interpreted with respect to characteristic educational practices in both nations.