bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laryngopharyngeal Reflux in Dysphonics—Understanding the Significance and the Efficacy of Clinical Diagnosis: A Case-based Study
Authors: Sebastian Swapna , Kolethekkat Arif Ali 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) in patients with voice disorders and to find out the efficacy of reflux symptom index (RSI) and reflux finding score (RFS) in the diagnosis.MethodsThis prospective analytical study was conducted on 554 patients who presented with dysphonia and symptoms suspicious of LPR. They were then subjected to clinical work up based on symptomatic history based RSI and video stroboscopic RFS scoring criteria. The results were analyzed statistically. The differences between RSI and RFS were calculated by Fisher's two sided test and the comparison between the two is calculated using kappa statistics to check the strength of agreement.ResultsAmong 554 patients, 457 (82.4%) patients were diagnosed to have LPR based on RSI score of more than 13. Among 448 (80.8%) patients RFS score was positive. Vocal nodule (23.64%), laryngitis (22.38%) and the vocal polyp (20.03%) constitute the majority, with a female preponderance in vocal nodule. Both RSI and RFS were poor or almost absent in conditions such as spasmodic dysphonia, tremors, vocal cord palsy, hemorrhage, functional aphonia and traumatic conditions. The Pearson correlation coefficient showed a good correlation and agreement between RSI and RFS was statistically significant.ConclusionThe association of LPR in patients with voice disorders is significantly high. The RSI and RFS based clinical diagnosis is reliable and valid in the diagnosis of LPR as revealed in our study.How to cite this articleSebastian S, Kolethekkat AA, Mathew J, Gowri M. Laryngopharyngeal Reflux in Dysphonics— Understanding the Significance and the Efficacy of Clinical Diagnosis: A Case-based Study. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2014;4(1):5-9.
Aryepiglottoplasty for Severe Laryngomalacia
Authors: Saxena Akanksha , Kumar Madhumita , Faizal Bini 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT
Laryngomalacia is the most common cause of stridor in children below the age of 1 year. In majority of the cases it can be managed conservatively, but in severe cases intervention becomes necessary.

Objectives
To evaluate the outcome of aryepiglottoplasty (Cold steel method) in cases of severe laryngomalacia.

Methods
Retrospective. Review of medical records of 8 cases treated in Department of ENT, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences from 2006 to 2011.

Results
Seven out of eight children had a favorable outcome.

Conclusion
Aryepiglottoplasty (Cold steel method) is an efficient, simple and low cost method for treating severe cases of laryngomalacia.

How to cite this article
Saxena A, Kumar M, Faizal B. Aryepiglottoplasty for Severe Laryngomalacia. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2014;4(1):10-12.
Salvaging a Shattered Larynx: A Challenge in Clinical Otorhinolaryngology
Authors: Maraignanam Gopinath , Samuel John , Shinaz Shameena 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTLaryngotracheal trauma is a life-threatening clinical scenario at times. Although considered rare, it is on the rise due to high speed vehicular accidents. Failure to recognize such injuries and promptly secure an airway may have fatal consequences.1We are reporting three cases of laryngotracheal blunt trauma, all of whom subsequently developed absolute dysphagia, difficulty in breathing and difficulty in phonation. These patients were appropriately managed in the critical time period. Two patients were surgically managed and one patient was treated conservatively. They are on regular follow-up and are physiologically stable. In this report, the treatment strategies adopted leading to good clinical outcomes are highlighted.How to cite this articleMohanty S, Shinaz S, Maraignanam G, Samuel J. Salvaging a Shattered Larynx: A Challenge in Clinical Otorhinolaryngology. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2014;4(1):13-16.
Academisch taalgebruik in het Nederlandse wetenschappelijk onderwijs: stand van zaken en blik op de toekomst
Authors: van Kalsbeek Alice , Kuiken Folkert 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
This article discusses aspects of academic literacy. It first focuses on academic language in general, highlighting its characteristics and the process of academic language acquisition by university students. A review is given of the problems with academic language proficiency of students at Dutch universities and initiatives to improve this proficiency. In the second part, the relation between language and culture in the academic context is the point of focus. Some of the problems with the social and cultural integration of students into the academic world are identified and suggestions for further research are given.
Uncovering the French
Authors: Harrington Paula , Jenn Ronald 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
When most people think of Twain, France does not come to mind. Readers think of the Mississippi River; scholars also connect his work to the American West and the global locales of his travel writing. This article contextualizes Twain's vexed relationship to the French, exploring a complex set of influences, interactions, and experiences. It reads Twain's antipathy as over-determined by everything from his upbringing in a former French territory to his translation skirmish over “Jumping Frog” to his Protestant-inflected conflict over sexual norms. These created a matrix of historical, personal, and professional factors that made him one of America's earliest France-bashers. Yet he was also a lifelong follower of French history, language, and culture. Far from playing little role in Twain's development as an American writer, France and its erased colonial presence contributed to his construction of a new “American” identity on the nineteenth-century world stage.
Clemens and the Campbellites
Authors: Scharnhorst Gary 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Why do Clemens's encounters with the Campbellites matter? Simply put, because the Campbellites were not as benign as they are usually represented. The sect was virulently anti-Catholic, theological allies of the Know Nothings of the 1840s and '50s. The religious bias was deeply ingrained in Campbellite doctrine, which in its most extreme form identified the pope with the Antichrist or the Beast prophesied in Revelations 20. Clemens never entirely outgrew his anti-Catholic prejudices, and his lifelong antipathy for Catholicism may have originated, ironically, in the Campbellite sermons he heard as a child. For good or ill, the Campbellites left a mark on young Sam Clemens.
Le carcinome urothélial plasmocytoïde de la vessie : une entité histologique rare au pronostic sombre
Authors: Benazzouz Mohamed Hicham , Essatara Younes , Elsayegh Hachem , Iken Ali , Benslimane Lounis , Znati Kaoutar , Nouini Yassine 
Published: October 2014

Introduction : Le carcinome urothélial plasmocytoide est une variante histologique rare du carcinome urothélial . Seul une centaine de cas ont été décrits dans la littérature. Dans cette étude nous rapportons deux nouvelles observations . En combinant nos résultats à ceux des différentes séries décrites dans la littérature , nous essayons de définir les caractéristiques cliniques et pathologiques ainsi que l’approche thérapeutique dans cette pathologie. Observations :2 nouveaux cas de carcinome urothélial plasmocytoide ont été diagnostiqués et pris en charge dans notre structure . les 2 patients étaient de sexe masculin et l’âge moyen était de 76 ans . L’hématurie était le principal symptôme . Les 2 patients ont eu une résection trans-urétrale de la vessie . Le stade tumoral au moment du diagnostic était avancé dans les 2 cas (respectivement T3N0M0 et T3N1M0) .Les 2 patients ont été traité par une cystoprostatectomie . L’analyse histologique de la pièce opératoire complétée par une étude immunohistochimique confirmait le diagnostic de carcinome urothélial plasmocytoide. Le premier patient est décédé après 1 mois d’une embolie pulmonaire. Le deuxième est décédé après 2 mois après avoir reçu 2 cures de chimiothérapie adjuvante. Les données recueillies à travers les différentes séries décrites dans la littérature vont dans le même sens de nos données avec un stade avancé au moment du diagnostic et un pronostic sombre. Conclusion : Le carcinome urothélial plasmocytoide est une variante histologique rare et agressive. Le diagnostic se fait souvent à un stade avancé et le pronostic est sombre. Le traitement est le plus souvent basé sur une cystectomie suivie d’une chimiothérapie adjuvante à base de cis platine. L’intérêt d’une chimiothérapie néo-adjuvante n’a pas encore été établi.
Cloning and expression of a hypothetical Loosenin from Neurospora crassa
Authors: Campos-Oliver Aranzazu , Quiroz-Castañeda Rosa Estela , Ortiz-Suri Ernesto , Folch-Mallol Jorge Luis 
Published: October 2014

Resumen
La loosenina es una proteína descrita recientemente que presenta actividad amorfogénica sobre la celulosa. Se aisló a partir del hongo Basidiomiceto Bjerkandera adusta y facilita el desprendimiento de azúcares reductores a partir de fibras celulósicas tratadas previamente con ella y posteriormente expuestas a tratamiento con celulasas. Puede unirse a otros polisacáridos como quitina y xylanos aunque no presenta actividad hidrolítica por sí misma. En un análisis Blast empleando la secuencia de aminoácidos de la loosenina se localizó una secuencia del genoma de Neurospora crassa que mostró 59% de similitud. En el presente trabajo, clonamos, expresamos y caracterizamos parcialmente una posible looenina de N. crassa, debido a que estas proteínas tienen potencial para el pretratamiento de materiales lignocelulósicos.
Apparent timing and duration of the Matuyama‐Brunhes geomagnetic reversal in Chinese loess
Authors: Zhao Hui , Qiang Xiaoke , Sun Youbin 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe Matuyama‐Brunhes (MB) geomagnetic reversal in Chinese loess has been studied extensively as an important boundary for land‐ocean stratigraphic and paleoclimatic correlations. However, the apparent timing and duration of the MB boundary remain controversial in Chinese loess deposits due to its inconsistent stratigraphic position and the uncertain chronologies. Here we synthesized high‐resolution paleomagnetic records from four loess sequences in the central Chinese Loess Plateau and synchronized the loess‐paleosol chronology by matching the grain‐size variations to orbitally tuned grain‐size time series. The synthesized paleomagnetic results reveal consistent features of the MB transition in Chinese loess, including the stratigraphic position (L8/S8 transition), timing (∼808–826 ka), duration (∼14–16 ka), and rapid directional oscillations. Compared with the MB transition in marine records (770–775 ka), the timing of the MB transition is relatively older and longer in Chinese loess, due to a complex interplay between different remanence acquisition mechanisms which occurred during the course of postdepositional physical and chemical processes.
Inner magnetospheric onset preceding reconnection and tail dynamics during substorms: Can substorms initiate in two different regions?
Authors: Murphy Kyle R. , Mann Ian R. , Rae I. Jonathan , Walsh Andrew P. , Frey Harald U. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe present a detailed ground‐based and in situ examination of two substorms on 9 April 2011 providing one of the most detailed observations of a series of activations to date. Using auroral observations we demonstrate that the initial signature of substorm onset is a localized brightening on closed field lines. In both cases auroral onset precedes any geosynchronous indications of substorm onset. Despite excellent in situ coverage of the near‐midnight plasma sheet there is no evidence of tail flows or topological changes which might indicate the initiation of reconnection and related disturbances prior to auroral onset. Similarly, no auroral streamers are observed prior to either onset. For the second substorm, following auroral onset and dipolarization of the geosynchronous field there is evidence of a rapid thinning of the plasma sheet followed by a secondary auroral activation and dipolarization of the magnetotail outside of geosynchronous orbit. This morphological change suggests that near‐Earth neutral line reconnection is eventually triggered in the tail, but only following the earlier auroral onset. These observations demonstrate that expansion phase onset is not always initiated by reconnection in the tail. Finally, our observations suggest that activations at the near‐Earth neutral line, or related to plasma instabilities and near‐Earth onset, can develop independently during expansion phase onset. In this paradigm, free energy stored during the growth phase can be stored in the stretched tail and the inner magnetosphere where the dipole field begins to stretch. During expansion phase onset either region could become unstable, independent of the other, leading to substorm initiation and onset.
Effects of inferring unobserved thermospheric and ionospheric state variables by using an Ensemble Kalman Filter on global ionospheric specification and forecasting
Authors: Hsu Chih‐Ting , Matsuo Tomoko , Wang Wenbin , Liu Jann‐Yenq 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis paper demonstrates the significance of ion‐neutral coupling to ionospheric data assimilation for ionospheric specification and forecast. Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) is used to assimilate synthetic electron density profiles sampled according to the Formosa Satellite 3/Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate into the Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIEGCM). The combination of the EnKF and first‐principles TIEGCM allows a self‐consistent treatment of thermosphere and ionosphere coupling in the data assimilation and forecast. Because thermospheric variables affect ionospheric electron densities, different combinations of an observed ionospheric state variable (electron density), and unobserved ionospheric and thermospheric state variables (atomic oxygen ion density, neutral temperature, winds, and composition) are included as part of the EnKF state vector in experiments. In the EnKF, the unobserved state variables are estimated and made dynamically and chemically consistent with the observed state variable, thus improving the performance of the data assimilation system. The impact on ensemble forecast is further examined by initializing the TIEGCM with the assimilation analysis. The main findings are the following: (1) by incorporating ion‐neutral coupling into the EnKF, the ionospheric electron density analysis, and forecast can be considerably improved. (2) Thermospheric composition is the most significant state variable that affects ionospheric analysis and forecast. (3) Thermospheric variables have a much longer impact on ionospheric forecast (>24 h) than ionospheric variables (2 to 3 h). (4) In the TIEGCM, the effect of assimilating electron densities is not completely transmitted to the forecast step unless the densities of ion species are estimated.
Progression of spontaneous in‐plane shear faults from sub‐Rayleigh to compressional wave rupture speeds
Authors: Liu Chao , Bizzarri Andrea , Das Shamita 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe investigate numerically the passage of spontaneous, dynamic in‐plane shear ruptures from initiation to their final rupture speed, using very fine grids. By carrying out more than 120 simulations, we identify two different mechanisms controlling supershear transition. For relatively weaker faults, the rupture speed always passes smoothly and continuously through the range of speeds between the Rayleigh and shear wave speeds (the formerly considered forbidden zone of rupture speeds). This, however, occurs in a very short time, before the ruptures reach the compressional wave speed. The very short time spent in this range of speeds may explain why a jump over these speeds was seen in some earlier numerical and experimental studies and confirms that this speed range is an unstable range, as predicted analytically for steady state, singular cracks. On the other hand, for relatively stronger faults, we find that a daughter rupture is initiated by the main (mother) rupture, ahead of it. The mother rupture continues to propagate at sub‐Rayleigh speed and eventually merges with the daughter rupture, whose speed jumps over the Rayleigh to shear wave speed range. We find that this daughter rupture is essentially a “pseudorupture,” in that the two sides of the fault are already separated, but the rupture has negligible slip and slip velocity. After the mother rupture merges with it, the slip, the slip velocity, and the rupture speed become dominated by those of the mother rupture. The results are independent of grid sizes and of methods used to nucleate the initial rupture.
On the impact of forced roll convection on vertical turbulent transport in cold air outbreaks
Authors: Gryschka Micha , Fricke Jens , Raasch Siegfried 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe investigated the impact of roll convection on the convective boundary layer and vertical transports in different cold air outbreak (CAO) scenarios using large eddy simulations (LES). The organization of convection into rolls was triggered by upstream heterogeneities in the surface temperature, representing ice and water. By changing the sea ice distribution in our LES, we were able to simulate a roll and a nonroll case for each scenario. Furthermore, the roll wavelength was varied by changing the scale of the heterogeneity. The characteristics of the simulated rolls and cloud streets, such as aspect ratios, orientation of the roll axes, and downstream extensions of single rolls agreed closely with observations in CAO situations. The vertical turbulent fluxes, calculated for each simulation, were decomposed into contributions from rolls and from unorganized turbulence. Even though our results confirmed that rolls triggered by upstream heterogeneities can substantially contribute to vertical turbulent fluxes, the total fluxes were not affected by the rolls.
Risk of hearing loss among workers with vibration‐induced white fingers
Authors: Pettersson Hans , Burström Lage , Hagberg Mats , Lundström Ronnie , Nilsson Tohr 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundWe examined the risk of hearing loss for workers who use hand‐held vibrating tools with vibration‐induced white fingers (VWF) compared to workers without VWF.MethodsData on 184 participants from a 21‐year cohort were gathered with questionnaires and measurements. The effects on hearing status of VWF, hand‐arm vibration exposure, smoking habits, age and two‐way interactions of these independent variables were examined with binary logistic regression. Analyses were made for the right hand and ear as well as for the hand with VWF and the ear with worse categorized hearing status.ResultsWorkers with VWF in their right hand had an increased risk of hearing loss (odds ratio 2.2–2.3) in the right ear. Workers with VWF in any hand did not have any increased risk of hearing loss in the ear with worse hearing status.ConclusionsThis study supports the hypothesis that VWF increases the risk of hearing loss among workers who use hand‐held vibrating tools in a noisy environment. Am. J. Ind. Med. 57:1311–1318, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spectroscopic Identification of a Bidentate Binding Motif in the Anionic Magnesium–CO2 Complex ([ClMgCO2]−)
Authors: Miller Glenn B. S. , Esser Tim K. , Knorke Harald , Gewinner Sandy , Schöllkopf Wieland , Heine Nadja , Asmis Knut R. , Uggerud Einar 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA magnesium complex incorporating a novel metal–CO2 binding motif is spectroscopically identified. Here we show with the help of infrared photodissociation spectroscopy that the complex exists solely in the [ClMg(η2‐O2C)]− form. This bidentate double oxygen metal–CO2 coordination has previously not been observed in neutral nor in charged unimetallic complexes. The antisymmetric CO2 stretching mode in [ClMg(η2‐O2C)]− is found at 1128 cm−1, which is considerably redshifted from the corresponding mode in bare CO2 at 2349 cm−1, suggesting that the CO2 moiety has a considerable negative charge (∼1.8 e−). We also employed electronic structure calculations and kinetic analysis to support the interpretation of the experimental results.
Less is More: How Compressed Sensing is Transforming Metrology in Chemistry
Authors: Holland Daniel J. , Gladden Lynn F. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractMathematics has had a profound impact on science, providing a means to understand the world around us in unprecedented ways. With the advent of the digital age, the subject of information theory has grown hugely in importance. In particular, over the last two decades significant advances in our understanding of sampling and function reconstruction have culminated in the development of an idea known as compressed sensing. What seems like an abstract idea is now having a profound impact throughout the scientific world—from enabling high‐resolution imaging of pediatric patients in clinical medicine through to advancing 3D electron tomography images of nanoparticle catalysts and NMR spectroscopy studies of proteins. In this Minireview, we summarize these applications and provide an outlook on how the principles of compressed sensing are leading to entirely new approaches to measurement throughout the physical and life sciences.
Catalytic Water Oxidation by Ruthenium(II) Quaterpyridine (qpy) Complexes: Evidence for Ruthenium(III) qpy‐N,N′′′‐dioxide as the Real Catalysts
Authors: Liu Yingying , Ng Siu‐Mui , Yiu Shek‐Man , Lam William W. Y. , Wei Xi‐Guang , Lau Kai‐Chung , Lau Tai‐Chu 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPolypyridyl and related ligands have been widely used for the development of water oxidation catalysts. Supposedly these ligands are oxidation‐resistant and can stabilize high‐oxidation‐state intermediates. In this work a series of ruthenium(II) complexes [Ru(qpy)(L)2]2+ (qpy=2,2′:6′,2′′:6′′,2′′′‐quaterpyridine; L=substituted pyridine) have been synthesized and found to catalyze CeIV‐driven water oxidation, with turnover numbers of up to 2100. However, these ruthenium complexes are found to function only as precatalysts; first, they have to be oxidized to the qpy‐N,N′′′‐dioxide (ONNO) complexes [Ru(ONNO)(L)2]3+ which are the real catalysts for water oxidation.
Stereodivergent Synthesis of Arylcyclopropylamines by Sequential CH Borylation and Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling
Authors: Miyamura Shin , Araki Misaho , Suzuki Takayoshi , Yamaguchi Junichiro , Itami Kenichiro 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA step‐economical and stereodivergent synthesis of privileged 2‐arylcyclopropylamines (ACPAs) through a C(sp3)H borylation and Suzuki–Miyaura coupling sequence has been developed. The iridium‐catalyzed CH borylation of N‐cyclopropylpivalamide proceeds with cis selectivity. The subsequent B‐cyclopropyl Suzuki–Miyaura coupling catalyzed by [PdCl2(dppf)]/Ag2O proceeds with retention of configuration at the carbon center bearing the Bpin group, while epimerization at the nitrogen‐bound carbon atoms of both the starting materials and products is observed under the reaction conditions. This epimerization is, however, suppressed in the presence of O2. The present new ACPA synthesis results in not only a significant reduction in the steps required for making ACPA derivatives, but also the ability to access either isomer (cis or trans) by simply changing the atmosphere (N2 or O2) in the coupling stage.