bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic risk factors for COVID-19 and influenza are largely distinct
Authors: Kosmicki Jack A. , Marcketta Anthony , Sharma Deepika , Di Gioia Silvio Alessandro , Batista Samantha , Yang Xiao-Man , Tzoneva Gannie , Martinez Hector , Sidore Carlo , Kessler Michael D. , Horowitz Julie E. , Roberts Genevieve H. L. , Justice Anne E. , Banerjee Nilanjana , Coignet Marie V. , Leader Joseph B. , Park Danny S. , Lanche Rouel , Maxwell Evan , Knight Spencer C. , Bai Xiaodong , Guturu Harendra , Baltzell Asher , Girshick Ahna R. , McCurdy Shannon R. , Partha Raghavendran , Mansfield Adam J. , Turissini David A. , Zhang Miao , Mbatchou Joelle , Watanabe Kyoko , Verma Anurag , Sirugo Giorgio ,   Colorado Center for Precision Medicine, Crooks Kristy ,   Mayo Clinic Project Generation, Cerhan James R. ,   Regeneron Genetics Center, Di Gioia Silvio Alessandro ,   University of California Los Angeles ATLAS Collaboration, Geschwind Daniel H. , Ritchie Marylyn D. , Salerno William J. , Shuldiner Alan R. , Rader Daniel J. , Mirshahi Tooraj , Marchini Jonathan , Overton John D. , Carey David J. , Habegger Lukas , Reid Jeffrey G. , Economides Aris , Kyratsous Christos , Karalis Katia , Baum Alina , Cantor Michael N. , Rand Kristin A. , Hong Eurie L. , Ball Catherine A. , Siminovitch Katherine , Baras Aris , Abecasis Goncalo R. , Ferreira Manuel A. R. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and influenza are respiratory illnesses caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza viruses, respectively. Both diseases share symptoms and clinical risk factors1, but the extent to which these conditions have a common genetic etiology is unknown. This is partly because host genetic risk factors are well characterized for COVID-19 but not for influenza, with the largest published genome-wide association studies for these conditions including >2 million individuals2 and about 1,000 individuals3–6, respectively. Shared genetic risk factors could point to targets to prevent or treat both infections. Through a genetic study of 18,334 cases with a positive test for influenza and 276,295 controls, we show that published COVID-19 risk variants are not associated with influenza. Furthermore, we discovered and replicated an association between influenza infection and noncoding variants in B3GALT5 and ST6GAL1, neither of which was associated with COVID-19. In vitro small interfering RNA knockdown of ST6GAL1—an enzyme that adds sialic acid to the cell surface, which is used for viral entry—reduced influenza infectivity by 57%. These results mirror the observation that variants that downregulate ACE2, the SARS-CoV-2 receptor, protect against COVID-19 (ref. 7). Collectively, these findings highlight downregulation of key cell surface receptors used for viral entry as treatment opportunities to prevent COVID-19 and influenza.
Nucleophosmin 1 promotes mucosal immunity by supporting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and ILC3 activity
Authors: Zhao Rongchuan , Yang Jiao , Zhai Yunjiao , Zhang Hong , Zhou Yuanshuai , Hong Lei , Yuan Detian , Xia Ruilong , Liu Yanxiang , Pan Jinlin , Shafi Shaheryar , Shi Guohua , Zhang Ruobing , Luo Dingsan , Yuan Jinyun , Pan Dejing , Peng Changgeng , Li Shiyang , Sun Minxuan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) is commonly mutated in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia. Concurrent inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and MDS are common, indicating a close relationship between IBD and MDS. Here we examined the function of NPM1 in IBD and colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC). NPM1 expression was reduced in patients with IBD. Npm1+/− mice were more susceptible to acute colitis and experimentally induced CAC than littermate controls. Npm1 deficiency impaired the function of interleukin-22 (IL-22)-producing group three innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s). Mice lacking Npm1 in ILC3s exhibited decreased IL-22 production and accelerated development of colitis. NPM1 was important for mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolism by oxidative phosphorylation in ILC3s. Further experiments revealed that NPM1 cooperates with p65 to promote mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) transcription in ILC3s. Overexpression of Npm1 in mice enhanced ILC3 function and reduced the severity of dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. Thus, our findings indicate that NPM1 in ILC3s protects against IBD by regulating mitochondrial metabolism through a p65-TFAM axis.
Risk of capture is modified by hypoxia and interjurisdictional migration of Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis)
Authors: Kraus Richard T. , Cook H. Andrew , Sakas Alexis , MacDougall Thomas M. , Faust Matthew D. , Schmitt Joseph D. , Vandergoot Christopher S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractInterjurisdictional migrations lead to seasonally changing patterns of exploitation risk, emphasizing the importance of spatially explicit approaches to fishery management. Understanding how risk changes along a migration route supports time-area based fishery management, but quantifying risk can be complicated when multiple fishing methods are geographically segregated and when bycatch species are considered. Further, habitat selection in dynamic environments can influence migration behavior, interacting with other management objectives such as water quality and habitat restoration. As a case study, we examined a novel acoustic telemetry data set for Lake Whitefish in Lake Erie, where they migrate through multiple spatial management units that are variably affected by seasonal hypoxia and host a variety of fisheries. Combining telemetry results with fishery catch and water quality monitoring, we demonstrate three exploitation risk scenarios: (i) high risk due to high residency and high catch, (ii) high risk due to high residency in time-areas with moderate catch, and (iii) low risk due to residency in time-areas with low catch. Interestingly, occupation of low risk refugia was increased by the development of hypoxia in adjacent areas. Consequently, fishery management goals to sustainably manage other target species may be directly and indirectly linked to water quality management goals through Lake Whitefish.
A new cleaning method for solar panels inspired from the natural vibrations of tree branches and leaves
Authors: Abd-Elhady M. S. , Rana Adil , Elsebaaie M. A. , Kandil H. A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPhotovoltaic (PV) panels are similar in many aspects to the leaves of trees, both are standing in the Sun to capture the sunlight, however, PV panels get soiled especially in desert areas, while the leaves remain clean to a very good extent. The question is, why leaves remain clean while PV panels get soiled quite easily? The leaves are hanging on the stem of trees and these stems are flexible to motion, such that if the wind blows in any direction over the stem it vibrates allowing any deposited particle to fall off the surface. The objective of this research is to develop a fixation method for PV panels similar to the stems of trees, such that the panel can vibrate as the wind blows in order to minimize dust accumulation. Different fixation methods for the PV panel are designed, and the air flow around the panel is simulated using the CFD package Ansys Fluent. It has been found that a PV panel pivoted at its lower edge, such that it can revolve around the lower edge, together with a vertical wind shield attached to its upper edge and a spring attached at the middle of its backside has the largest vibration amplitude due to the applied wind compared to the other designs. Experiments have been done to infer the influence of the new fixation method of the PV panel on dust accumulation over the panel. After 6 weeks of operation, it has been found that the efficiency of the PV panel that is flexibly fixed has dropped by only 5%, while the efficiency of the panel that is rigidly fixed has dropped by 25%. It can be concluded that a PV panel operating a light post should be fixed on a flexible base that allows the panel to vibrate as the wind blows over it in order to mitigate dust.
Bacterial reduction and temperature increase of titanium dental implant models treated with a 445 nm diode laser: an in vitro study
Authors: Ahrens Markus , Spörer Melanie , Deppe Herbert , Ritschl Lucas M. , Mela Petra 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this in vitro study, the use of a 445 nm diode laser was investigated for the decontamination of titanium dental implants. Different irradiation protocols and the effect of repetitive laser irradiation on temperature increase and decontamination efficacy were evaluated on titanium implant models. An automated setup was developed to realize a scanning procedure for a full surface irradiation to recapitulate a clinical treatment. Three irradiation parameter sets A (continuous wave, power 0.8 W, duty cycle (DC) 100%, and 5 s), B (pulsed mode, DC 50%, power 1.0 W, and 10 s), and C (pulsed mode, DC 10%, power 3.0 W, and 20 s) were used to treat the rods for up to ten consecutive scans. The resulting temperature increase was measured by a thermal imaging camera and the decontamination efficacy of the procedures was evaluated against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and correlated with the applied laser fluence. An implant’s temperature increase of 10 °C was set as the limit accepted in literature to avoid thermal damage to the surrounding tissue in vivo. Repeated irradiation of the specimens resulted in a steady increase in temperature. Parameter sets A and B caused a temperature increase of 11.27 ± 0.81 °C and 9.90 ± 0.37 °C after five consecutive laser scans, respectively, while parameter set C resulted in a temperature increase of only 8.20 ± 0.53 °C after ten surface scans. The microbiological study showed that all irradiation parameter sets achieved a complete bacterial reduction (99.9999% or 6-log10) after ten consecutive scans, however only parameter set C did not exceed the temperature threshold. A 445 nm diode laser can be used to decontaminate dental titanium rods, and repeated laser irradiation of the contaminated areas increases the antimicrobial effect of the treatment; however, the correct choice of parameters is needed to provide adequate laser fluence while preventing an implant’s temperature increase that could cause damage to the surrounding tissue.
Lysosomal TBK1 responds to amino acid availability to relieve Rab7-dependent mTORC1 inhibition
Authors: Talaia Gabriel , Bentley-DeSousa Amanda , Ferguson Shawn M 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLysosomes play a pivotal role in coordinating macromolecule degradation and regulating cell growth and metabolism. Despite substantial progress in identifying lysosomal signaling proteins, understanding the pathways that synchronize lysosome functions with changing cellular demands remains incomplete. This study uncovers a role for TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), well known for its role in innate immunity and organelle quality control, in modulating lysosomal responsiveness to nutrients. Specifically, we identify a pool of TBK1 that is recruited to lysosomes in response to elevated amino acid levels. This lysosomal TBK1 phosphorylates Rab7 on serine 72. This is critical for alleviating Rab7-mediated inhibition of amino acid-dependent mTORC1 activation. Furthermore, a TBK1 mutant (E696K) associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia constitutively accumulates at lysosomes, resulting in elevated Rab7 phosphorylation and increased mTORC1 activation. This data establishes the lysosome as a site of amino acid regulated TBK1 signaling that is crucial for efficient mTORC1 activation. This lysosomal pool of TBK1 has broader implications for lysosome homeostasis, and its dysregulation could contribute to the pathogenesis of ALS-FTD.
Identification of resistance mechanisms to small-molecule inhibition of TEAD-regulated transcription
Authors: Kulkarni Aishwarya , Mohan Varshini , Tang Tracy T , Post Leonard , Chan Yih-Chih , Manning Murray , Thio Niko , Parker Benjamin L , Dawson Mark A , Rosenbluh Joseph , Vissers Joseph HA , Harvey Kieran F 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe Hippo tumor suppressor pathway controls transcription by regulating nuclear abundance of YAP and TAZ, which activate transcription with the TEAD1-TEAD4 DNA-binding proteins. Recently, several small-molecule inhibitors of YAP and TEADs have been reported, with some entering clinical trials for different cancers with Hippo pathway deregulation, most notably, mesothelioma. Using genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screens we reveal that mutations in genes from the Hippo, MAPK, and JAK-STAT signaling pathways all modulate the response of mesothelioma cell lines to TEAD palmitoylation inhibitors. By exploring gene expression programs of mutant cells, we find that MAPK pathway hyperactivation confers resistance to TEAD inhibition by reinstating expression of a subset of YAP/TAZ target genes. Consistent with this, combined inhibition of TEAD and the MAPK kinase MEK, synergistically blocks proliferation of multiple mesothelioma and lung cancer cell lines and more potently reduces the growth of patient-derived lung cancer xenografts in vivo. Collectively, we reveal mechanisms by which cells can overcome small-molecule inhibition of TEAD palmitoylation and potential strategies to enhance the anti-tumor activity of emerging Hippo pathway targeted therapies.
Psychodiagnostik in den psychosozialen Zentren für geflüchtete
Menschen
Authors: Pettrich Amelie , Nesterko Yuriy , Rimek Elisa , Glaesmer Heide 
Published: August 2024

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Eine sachgerechte Psychodiagnostik ist in der Behandlung
von Menschen mit psychischen Erkrankungen ein zentraler Schritt zur
Indikationsstellung und Qualitätssicherung. Über die psychodiagnostische Praxis
in der Versorgung Geflüchteter in den Psychosozialen Zentren (PSZ) unter
Bedingungen von Sprach- und Kulturbarrieren sowie Ressourcenknappheit ist wenig
bekannt. Die Studie zielt darauf ab, den Status Quo und
Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten für eine kultursensible Diagnostik in diesem Kontext
zu ermitteln.
Methodik Es wurde eine Onlinebefragung zur psychodiagnostischen Praxis, zu
Barrieren und zu wahrgenommenen Entwicklungspotentialen mit Vertretenden von 32
PSZ mithilfe eines selbstentwickelten Fragebogens durchgeführt und deskriptiv
ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse Die Mehrheit der Zentren zieht individuelle Fallklärungen der
standardisierten Diagnostik vor. Hauptgründe gegen die Nutzung standardisierter
Fragebögen und Interviews sind Schwierigkeiten bei der Vermittlung (fehlende
Vertrautheit mit Frageformaten, Lese- und Schreibschwierigkeiten) und fehlende
Ressourcen (Zeit, Übersetzungen). Bei der Durchführung der Diagnostik wird vor
allem der Zeitaufwand und die Priorisierung bei komplexen Fällen als
herausfordernd erlebt. Bedarf an weiteren Instrumenten besteht für mehrere
Störungsbilder und Sprachen. Mitarbeitende sind interessiert an Weiterbildungen
im Bereich der kultursensiblen Diagnostik.
Diskussion Die diagnostische Praxis in den PSZ ist durch zahlreiche
Herausforderungen geprägt, die sich von den Herausforderungen in der
Regelversorgung unterscheiden. Um eine angemessene standardisierte Diagnostik
und Versorgung für psychisch belastete Menschen mit Flucht- und
Migrationshintergrund zu gewährleisten, ist der weitere Ausbau der sprachlichen
und kulturellen Adaption sowie der psychometrischen Überprüfung etablierter
diagnostischer Instrumente unabdingbar.
Schlussfolgerung Auch in der Versorgung psychisch belasteter Geflüchteter
hat eine sachgerechte, kultursensible Diagnostik einen kritischen Mehrwert für
Behandler:innen und Betroffene. Auf vorhandene Ressourcen wird verwiesen.
Glucocorticoid Sensitivity Among Young Survivors of Childhood Acute
Lymphoblastic Leukemia: What Does It Matter?
Authors: Siviero-Miachon Adriana Aparecida , Lopes de Sousa Ana Virgínia , Simião Bruno Moreira , Araújo Elisangela Oliveira , Alvarenga Renato , Spinola-Castro Angela Maria , Longui Carlos Alberto 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe aim of the study was to assess glucocorticoid sensitivity in survivors of
childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia using in vivo and in vitro tests. Thirty
leukemia survivors of both sexes aged ≥18 years participated in the study and at
least two years after therapy withdrawal. In vivo tests comprised: a) a very low
dose intravenous dexamethasone suppression test for measurement of serum
cortisol before, after, and % suppression, compared with 32 age-matched
controls; and b) 0.25 mg overnight oral dexamethasone suppression test for
assessment of salivary cortisol before, after, and % suppression. In vitro
methods comprised: c) glucocorticoid receptor polymorphisms: BcI1-NR3C1 and
A3669G; and d) splicing variant of glucocorticoid receptor GR-α mRNA by
real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, compared with 32 controls.
There was a reduction in salivary cortisol, and 73.3% of leukemia survivors
showed high sensitivity according to % suppression after oral dexamethasone
(p<0.05). Serum cortisol at baseline, after the test, % suppression after
intravenous dexamethasone, and the percentage of high sensitivity were reduced
in the leukemia group (%F=36.7; p<0.05). The BcI1-NR3C1 and A3669G
polymorphisms were present in 11/30 (36.7%) and 5/30 (16.7%) patients,
respectively. GR-α mRNA levels were lower in the leukemia group than in the
controls (p<0.05). Survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia presented with
reduced glucocorticoid sensitivity. Glucocorticoid sensitivity allows
individualized treatment to avoid adverse effects and may be involved in
cardiovascular disease risk among this particular group of cancer survivors.
Lebensqualität im Langzeitverlauf nach prolongiertem Weaning in Abhängigkeit vom Weaning-Status
Authors: Schönhofer Bernd , Paul Andrea , Suchi Stefan , Zimmermann Maximilian , Stanzel Sarah Bettina , Windisch Wolfram , Berger Melanie 
Published: August 2024

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Die Prognose von Patienten im prolongierten Weaning ist insbesondere in Abhängigkeit vom Weaning-Outcome eingeschränkt. Daten zur gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität nach prolongiertem Weaning im Langzeitverlauf existieren bis heute jedoch nur spärlich.

Methodik Es wurde die gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität nach prolongiertem Weaning mittels SRI-Fragebogen erfasst (SRI = Severe Respiratory Insufficiency Questionnaire).

Ergebnisse Insgesamt haben 39 von 83 Patienten mit prolongiertem Weaning den SRI-Fragebogen ausgefüllt. Der zeitliche Abstand zur Entlassung aus dem Weaning-Zentrum betrug im Median 3,5 Jahre (IQR 2,4–4,5 Jahre). In der Gesamtgruppe lag der Median des Summenscores bei 56,4 (IQR 38,8–73,5). Patienten mit invasiver außerklinischer Beatmung (N=15) hatten eine deutliche schlechtere Lebensqualität im Summenscore als Patienten mit erfolgreicher Entwöhnung ohne Fortsetzung der maschinellen Beatmung (N=13) und solchen mit Fortsetzung einer nicht-invasiven Beatmung (N=11); Kruskal-Wallis-Test: H (2, N=39) = 7,875446; P=0,0195. Statistisch signifikante Unterschiede im Sinne einer schlechteren Lebensqualität bei Patienten mit invasiver außerklinischer Beatmung zeigten sich insbesondere auf den Subdomänen der sozialen Beziehungen (P=0,0325), der krankheitsbezogenen Ängste (P=0,0096) und des psychischen Befindens (P=0,0079).

Schlussfolgerung Patienten mit erfolglosem prolongierten Weaning und invasiver außerklinischer Langzeitbeatmung haben eine deutlich schlechtere gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität als Patienten mit erfolgreicher Entwöhnung vom Respirator. Weitere Studien mit höheren Fallzahlen sind notwendig, um weitere Einflussgrößen auf die gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität im prolongierten Weaning zu untersuchen.
The Efficacy and Safety of DOACs in Inherited Antithrombin Deficiency: A Cohort Study from a Tertiary Referral Center
Authors: Dix Caroline , Doyle Andrew J. , Breen Karen , Hunt Beverley J. 
Published: August 2024

Background Individuals with inherited antithrombin deficiency (IATD) have a high risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Most VTEs are managed with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), but the utility of DOACs in antithrombin deficiency (ATD) is unreported.
Materials and Methods Patients with IATD treated with DOAC were identified from our institutions' IATD registry. We assessed patients' characteristics, ATD type, and initial VTE characteristics, thrombosis recurrence and bleeding rates.
Results Thirty-three patients received DOACs for 73 (38.5–111.5) months (median (interquartile range)). Prior to taking DOACs, 12 (36%) patients had VTE recurrence: these occurred after anticoagulation was ceased (4), nonadherence to VKA prior to DOAC use (3), or during heparin use in pregnancy (5). There were no VTE recurrences on standard-dose DOAC, except in a noncompliant patient receiving dabigatran. There was one recurrence with compliant DOAC use—a patient receiving rivaroxaban 10 mg. Six (18%) patients experienced clinically relevant bleeding, which was predominantly menorrhagia (5/6). One major bleeding event, intracranial hemorrhage, occurred in a patient receiving full-dose rivaroxaban who had refractory hypertension (0.5 events/100 patient-years). In this cohort, compliant DOAC users had an overall VTE recurrence rate of 0.5/100 patient-years, whereas with low-dose DOACs the event rate was 3.5/100 patient-years.
Conclusion Standard-dose DOACs appear efficacious and relatively safe in IATD.
Multiple Free Flaps and Second Toe Transfer to Salvage Grasp Function in Bilateral Complete Degloved Hands
Authors: Srikanth R. , Reddy D. Mukunda , Reddy K. Muralimohana , Rambabu N. , Kishore V. Ganga , Naidu Sandeep 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA 21-year-old male laborer sustained bilateral degloving injury of the hands with multiple digital amputations and devascularized digits. After X-rays, preliminary debridement was done, when digital amputations were completed, including index ray amputation on both sides. The next day, two anterolateral thigh (ALT) flaps and one second toe transfer were done to restore coverage in the palm and the web and reconstruct the lost thumb. This ensured both coverage and thumb length on the right side, but on the left side the procedure was terminated with flap transfer only. After 3 months, the other second toe was harvested with a dorsalis pedis flap for reconstruction of the left thumb, and a free gracilis flap was done for optimal donor site coverage in the donor left foot. Evaluation after 2 years showed functional hands with reasonable power grasp, pinch grip, and dexterity to manipulate small and large objects that permitted an independent living.
The Impact of Double Pelvic Osteotomy on Dorsolateral Subluxation in 24 Dogs
Authors: Lomas Daniel C. , Cashmore Ricky , James Daniel , Jenkins Paul L. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to determine the effect of double pelvic osteotomy (DPO) on dorsolateral subluxation (DLS) of the femoral head in a weight-bearing position.
Study Design Retrospective observational study with treatment effect analysis. Twenty-four client-owned dogs that underwent DPO due to hip dysplasia.
Methods Computed tomography (CT) studies were performed on 24 dogs that underwent a DPO between 2015 and 2021. The patients were positioned with the femora in a weight-bearing position. The DLS score was measured pre-DPO, immediately post-DPO, and at follow-up to determine if DPO resulted in an increase in the DLS score.
Results A total of 21 dogs underwent single-stage bilateral DPO and 3 dogs underwent unilateral DPO resulting in 45 hip joints available for analysis. Follow-up CT was available for 29 of these at a median of 51 days (range: 35–482 days). The mean DLS score was 36.1% ± 14.6 preoperatively, 71.4% ± 12.5 post-DPO, and 70.0% ± 15.3 at follow-up. The increase between the pre- and postoperative measurement was significant (p < 0.001).
Conclusion DPO results in reduced subluxation of the femoral head in a weight-bearing position.
Clinical Significance The in vivo results suggest that DPO will result in reduced femoral subluxation during weight-bearing.