bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of DnaK in HspR‐HAIR interaction of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Parijat Priyanka , Batra Janendra K. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractHeat shock proteins (Hsps) are a highly conserved family of proteins. The regulation of expression of Hsps in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is regulated both positively and negatively by alternate sigma factors and transcriptional DNA repressors, respectively. HspR is a negative regulator of expression of hsps, DnaK, ClpB, and Acr2 in M. tuberculosis. In this study, we expressed the M. tuberculosis HspR (MtHspR) in E. coli, and functionally characterized it. MtHspR independently bound to its putative cognate DNA, the HAIR element. MtHspR was found to exist in a dynamic mixture of dimeric and monomeric protein and presence of salt led to the formation of trimers which lacked the DNA binding activity. MtHspR was found to be heat stable with a Tm of 66°C. HspR‐HAIR binding was stable upto 60°C suggesting that MtHspR is not the heat stress sensor. Mycobacterial DnaK was found to interact directly with MtHspR‐HAIR complex in vitro in an ATP independent manner. The DnaK‐HspR‐HAIR binding pattern altered at high temperatures in the presence of aggregated α‐casein substrate, suggesting that DnaK may indirectly be responding to heat stress in a feedback loop mechanism. © 2015 IUBMB Life, 67(11):816–827, 2015
Differential Links Between Leisure Activities and Depressive Symptoms in Unemployed Individuals
Authors: Goodman William K. , Geiger Ashley M. , Wolf Jutta M. 
Published: October 2015

ObjectiveUnemployment has consistently been linked to an elevated risk for depression. Exercise, specifically leisure‐based physical activities, has received increasing attention as alternative treatment options. However, because leisure activities are pursued during discretionary time, it is unclear if the mental health benefits of physical and leisure activities apply during times of unemployment as well.MethodDepressive symptoms and participation in recreational activities were assessed in 142 employed and 158 unemployed participants (age = 34 ± 11 years; male = 150).ResultsIndependent of employment status, all recreational activities were inversely associated with depressive symptoms. However, social (employed: ηp2 = .21; unemployed: ηp2 = .11) and self‐focused (employed: ηp2 = .19; unemployed: ηp2 = .10) recreational activities were more strongly related to depressive symptoms than exercise (employed: ηp2 = .12; unemployed: ηp2 > .05).ConclusionThese findings highlight the strong mental health associations of recreational activities and suggest that, particularly for unemployed individuals, promoting recreational activities, rather than exercise, may leverage the stronger negative relationship with risk of depression.
Eye and pit size are inversely correlated in crotalinae: Implications for selection pressure relaxation
Authors: Liu Yang , Chen Qin , Papenfuss Theodore J. , Lu Fang , Tang Yezhong 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTMate, prey, and predator recognition often depend on the integration of information from multiple sensory modalities including visual, auditory, and/or olfactory inputs. In Crotalinae, the eyes sense visible light while the pit organs detect infrared (IR) radiation. Previous studies indicate that there is significant overlap between the eye and pit sensory fields and that both senses are involved in recognition processes. This study investigated the relationships between eye and pit sizes in this taxonomic group as a function of phylogeny and habitat. In view of the fact that pit orientation depends largely on snout shape, pit vipers were grouped as follows: 1) arboreal, 2) terrestrial with rounded snout, and 3) terrestrial with pointed snout. The pit orientations and habitant patterns were fully independent of the Crotalinae phylogenetic tree. The phylogenetic generalized least squares model showed that both eye and pit areas were not of significantly phylogenetic relatedness, implying alternatively a strong effect of adaptation on eye and pit sizes. Negative correlations between relative eye and pit areas in terrestrial (both pointed and rounded snouts) and arboreal species were statistically significant. Our results suggest that the eyes and pits function in a complementary fashion such that selection for IR‐perception relaxes selection pressures on the visual system and selection for visual discrimination relaxes selection pressures acting on the IR‐system. J. Morphol. 277:107–117, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Adaptive radiation therapy for bladder cancer: a review of adaptive techniques used in clinical practice
Authors: Kibrom Awet Z. , Knight Kellie A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSignificant changes in the shape, size and position of the bladder during radiotherapy (RT) treatment for bladder cancer have been correlated with high local failure rates; typically due to geographical misses. To account for this, large margins are added around the target volumes in conventional RT; however, this increases the volume of healthy tissue irradiation. The availability of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has not only allowed in‐room volumetric imaging of the bladder, but also the development of adaptive radiotherapy (ART) for modification of plans to patient‐specific changes. The aim of this review is to: (1) identify and explain the different ART techniques being used in clinical practice and (2) compare and contrast these different ART techniques to conventional RT in terms of target coverage and dose to healthy tissue: A literature search was conducted using EMBASE, MEDLINE and Scopus with the key words ‘bladder, adaptive, radiotherapy/radiation therapy’. 11 studies were obtained that compared different adaptive RT techniques to conventional RT in terms of target volume coverage and healthy tissue sparing. All studies showed superior target volume coverage and/or healthy tissue sparing in adaptive RT compared to conventional RT. Cross‐study comparison between different adaptive techniques could not be made due to the difference in protocols used in different studies. However, one study found daily re‐optimisation of plans to be superior to plan of the day technique. The use of adaptive RT for bladder cancer is promising. Further study is required to assess adaptive RT versus conventional RT in terms of local control and long‐term toxicity.
Frequency versus time lost measures of absenteeism: Is the voluntariness distinction an urban legend?
Authors: Johns Gary , Al Hajj Raghid 
Published: October 2015

SummaryWe investigate a long‐standing methodological rule of thumb, the idea that the frequency of absenteeism from work approximates an expression of voluntary behavior while total time lost better reflects involuntary behavior and ill health. Conducting original meta‐analyses and using results from existing meta‐analyses, we determine that time lost and frequency are equally reliable, that the relationship between them approximates unity when corrections for measurement artifacts are applied, and that there is very little evidence for differential criterion‐related validity predicated on the voluntariness distinction. We supply new meta‐analytic estimates of the reliability of absenteeism adjusted for aggregation period and determine that most extant meta‐analyses of the correlates of absenteeism have markedly under‐corrected for unreliability. Our results question the basic construct validity of the time lost–frequency distinction, and they contradict the practice of using “trigger points” that factor absence frequency into attendance monitoring and associated discipline systems so as to discourage short‐term absenteeism, assumed to be volitional. We conclude that the idea that time lost and frequency reflect different degrees of voluntariness is an unsupported urban research legend. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Marine Isotope Stage 4 age for Pleistocene raised beach deposits near Fethard, southern Ireland
Authors: Gallagher Colman , Telfer Matt W. , Ó Cofaigh Colm 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTRaised beach deposits around the Irish coast have been interpreted as interglacial or last glacial in age. On the south coast of Ireland, the Courtmacsherry Formation raised beach (CFB), near Fethard, County Wexford, was dated using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL). This site was previously dated to Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6–5, but more recent dating of the CFB elsewhere along the south coast shows it is considerably younger (MIS 4–3). The OSL analyses in this paper aimed to determine if new dating would support the greater age of the Fethard raised beach or realign it with the CFB. The new OSL ages place the formation of the Fethard raised beach between 57 ± 6 and 45 ± 6 ka, with 53 ± 5 ka the most likely age if a single depositional event is assumed. This is consistent with OSL dates of the CFB elsewhere. An MIS 4–3 age has important implications in understanding the palaeogeography and timing of glaciation in Ireland, and requires a reassessment of regional relative sea level history. As the eustatic response to global ice volume resulted in lowered relative sea level during MIS 4–2, a crustal response to glaciation is implied by the new dates.
Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of the picosecond alexandrite laser with specialized lens array for treatment of the photoaging décolletage
Authors: Wu Douglas C. , Fletcher Leysin , Guiha Isabella , Goldman Mitchel P. 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundFractionated lasers are routinely used to treat the characteristic cutaneous signs of photoaging. In this study, we evaluate the use of picosecond pulse duration combined with a diffractive lens array for treatment of photodamage of the décolletage.MethodsTwenty subjects with Fitzpatrick skin types I–IV were enrolled in a prospective open‐label trial evaluating the efficacy of the 755 nm picosecond pulsed alexandrite laser with diffractive lens array for treatment of photodamage to the décolletage. Each subject received a series of four laser treatments at 3 week intervals. Follow up evaluation was performed 1 and 3 months later by a masked investigator and consisted of assessment of dyspigmentation, erythema, keratosis, texture, and rhytides on a standardized 5 point scale; global aesthetic improvement 5 point scale; and investigator and subject satisfaction questionnaire. Adverse events and treatment discomfort was also assessed.ResultsStatistically significant improvement in dyspigmentation, keratosis, and skin texture were observed at both 1 and 3 month follow up intervals (P < 0.05). rhytides initially demonstrated significant improvement at the 1 month time point, but this significance was not maintained at 3 months (P = 0.08). There was no statistically significant improvement noted in erythema. The majority of subjects were satisfied, with a mean rating of 2.8/6 (one being extremely satisfied and six being extremely dissatisfied). Subject pain was 3.6/10.ConclusionThe 755 nm picosecond pulsed alexandrite laser with diffractive lens array can be an effective option for rejuvenation of the photodamaged décolletage. Lasers Surg. Med. 48:188–192, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Factor analysis of the hospital anxiety and depression scale among a Huntington's disease population
Authors: Dale Maria , Maltby John , Martucci Rossana , Shimozaki Steve ,   the REGISTRY investigators of the European Huntington's Disease Network
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTIntroductionDepression and anxiety are common in Huntington's disease, a genetic neurodegenerative disorder. There is a need for measurement tools of mood to be validated within a Huntington's disease population. The current study aimed to analyze the factor structure of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in Huntington's disease.MethodsData from the European Huntington's Disease Network study REGISTRY 3 were used to undertake a factor analysis of the scale among a sample of 492 Huntington's disease mutation carriers. The sample was randomly divided into two equal subsamples and an exploratory factor analysis conducted on the first subsample suggested a two‐factor interpretation, using eight of the items. A confirmatory factor analysis was then performed to test six possible models for goodness of fit.ResultsA bifactor model, with all items loading onto a general distress factor, with two group factors, comprising four depression and four anxiety items, provided the best fit of the data. The salience of loadings on the bifactor model suggested that loadings were high on the general factor (accounting for 64% of the variance) and low on the group factors (21% for anxiety and 15% for depression).ConclusionsThe findings suggest that eight items from the scale perform well among the sample. Consistent with recent developments in modeling the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, a bifactor interpretation for an eight‐item version outperformed other extant models. Our findings provide support for an eight‐item version of the scale to be used as a measure of general distress within Huntington's disease populations. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Spectral improvement by fourier thresholding of in vivo dynamic spectroscopy data
Authors: Rowland Benjamin , Merugumala Sai K. , Liao Huijun , Creager Mark A. , Balschi James , Lin Alexander P. 
Published: October 2015

PurposeMR spectroscopy (MRS) typically requires averaging of multiple acquisitions to achieve adequate signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR). In systems undergoing dynamic changes this can compromise the temporal resolution of the measurement. One such example is 31P MRS of exercising skeletal muscle. Spectral improvement by Fourier thresholding (SIFT) offers a way of suppressing noise without averaging. In this study, we evaluate the performance of SIFT in healthy subjects and clinical cases.Methods31P MRS of the calf or thigh muscle of subjects (n = 12) was measured continuously before, during, and after exercise. The data were processed conventionally and with the addition of SIFT before quantifying peak amplitudes and frequencies. The postexercise increase in the amplitude of phosphocreatine was also characterized by fitting with an exponential function to obtain the recovery time constant.ResultsSubstantial reductions in the uncertainty of peak fitting for phosphocreatine (73%) and inorganic phosphate (60%) were observed when using SIFT relative to conventional processing alone. SIFT also reduced the phosphocreatine recovery time constant uncertainty by 38%.ConclusionSIFT considerably improves SNR, which improved quantification and parameter estimation. It is suitable for any type of time varying MRS and is both straightforward and fast to apply. Magn Reson Med 76:978–985, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Low‐temperature dynamic nuclear polarization of gases in Frozen mixtures
Authors: Pourfathi Mehrdad , Clapp Justin , Kadlecek Stephen J. , Keenan Caroline D. , Ghosh Rajat K. , Kuzma Nicholas N. , Rizi Rahim R. 
Published: October 2015

PurposeTo present a new cryogenic technique for preparing gaseous compounds in solid mixtures for polarization using dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP).Methods129Xe and 15N2O samples were prepared using the presented method. Samples were hyperpolarized at 1.42K at 5 Tesla. 129Xe was polarized at 1.65K and 1.42K to compare enhancement. Polarization levels for both samples and T1 relaxation times for the 129Xe sample were measured. Sample pulverization for the 129Xe and controlled annealing for both samples were introduced as additional steps in sample preparation.ResultsEnhancement increased by 15% due to a temperature drop from 1.65K to 1.42K for the 129Xe sample. A polarization level of 20 ± 3% for the 129Xe sample was achieved, a two‐fold increase from 10 ± 1% after pulverization of the sample at 1.42K. T1 of the 129Xe sample was increased by more than three‐fold by means of annealing. In the case of 15N2O, annealing led to a ∼two‐fold increase in the signal level after DNP.ConclusionThe presented technique for producing and manipulating solid gas/glassing agent/radical mixtures for DNP led to high polarization levels in 129Xe and 15N2O samples. These methods show potential for polarizing other gases using DNP technology. Magn Reson Med 76:1007–1014, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Künstliche Zellen
Authors: Groß Michael 
Published: October 2015

AbstractZellähnliche Gebilde können helfen, molekulare Prozesse räumlich zu organisieren und medizinische Wirkstoffe zielgenau zum Wirkort zu bringen. Es gibt Modelle, die jeweils einige der natürlichen Funktionen einer Zelle nachahmen. Ließe sich eine komplett funktionierende Zelle erzeugen, könnte sie Einblicke in den Ursprung des Lebens liefern.
Kohle stofflich nutzen
Authors: Hackelöer Kristina , Kneißel Bernhard 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWährend der Schiefergasboom in Nordamerika den Anteil von leichten Kohlenwasserstoffen als Crackerrohstoff erhöht, erlebt China eine Renaissance der Kohlechemie, die auch Produkte wie Ammoniak oder Methanol liefert. Wie zweckmäßig ist eine deutsche Kohlechemie?
Krankhafte Veränderungen im Blut detektieren
Authors: Burkhart Julia M. , Wolf Tinka 
Published: October 2015

AbstractHerzkreislauferkrankungen und Entzündungen sowie Funktionsstörungen der Thrombozyten hängen oft zusammen. Massenspektrometrische Analysen geben darüber Aufschluss. In der klinischen Diagnostik sollen die Methoden in Zukunft dazu beitragen, Krankheiten wie Arteriosklerose frühzeitig zu erkennen.
Seltene Erden aus Leuchtstoffrückständen
Authors: Lorenz Tom , Fröhlich Peter , Bertau Martin 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSeltenerdmetalle zu rezyklieren, lohnt sich — trotzdem wird es noch viel zu selten gemacht. Gerade Bildschirme und Leuchtmittel enthalten die wertvollen Substanzen. Bisher störte aber Quecksilber bei der Aufarbeitung.
Schaltbare Wirt‐Gast‐Systeme
Authors: Clever Guido 
Published: October 2015

AbstractKäfigverbindungen, die Gastmoleküle in ihr Inneres aufnehmen und wieder frei setzen, eignen sich als Rezeptoren, Transporter und supramolekulare Katalysatoren — erst recht, wenn sie sich über Licht und Signalmoleküle steuern lassen.
Validation of Accelerometer Thresholds and Inclinometry for Measurement of Sedentary Behavior in Young Adult University Students
Authors: Peterson Neil E. , Sirard John R. , Kulbok Pamela A. , DeBoer Mark D. , Erickson Jeanne M. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSedentary behavior (SB) is a major contributor to obesity and significant morbidity and mortality in adolescence and adulthood, yet measurement of SB is still evolving. The purpose of this study was to assess the degree of construct validity of the inclinometer function and single‐axis and vector magnitude accelerometry metrics of the ActiGraph GT3X+ in objectively measuring SB and physical activity in 28 young adult university students who performed nine semi‐structured activities, each for five minutes: lying, sitting, reading, seated video gaming, video watching, seated conversation, standing, stationary biking, and treadmill walking. Inclinometry and four output metrics from the ActiGraph were analyzed in comparison to direct observation by a researcher recorded each minute. For overall accuracy in measuring both SB and physical activity, all four accelerometer metrics (94.7–97.8%) outperformed the inclinometer function (70.9%). Vector magnitude accelerometry with a threshold of 150 counts per minute as the cut point for sedentary behavior was superior to other methods. While accelerometry was more accurate overall at detecting the behaviors tested, inclinometry had some advantages over accelerometry methods at detecting walking, biking, and standing. The findings support use of accelerometry as a valid objective measure of body movement, while use of inclinometry as a sole measure is not recommended. Additional research would be beneficial to improve the calibration of the inclinometer and explore ways of combining this with accelerometer data for objectively measuring SB and physical activity. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
R248Q mutation—Beyond p53‐DNA binding
Authors: Ng Jeremy W. K. , Lama Dilraj , Lukman Suryani , Lane David P. , Verma Chandra S. , Sim Adelene Y. L. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTR248 in the DNA binding domain (DBD) of p53 interacts directly with the minor groove of DNA. Earlier nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies indicated that the R248Q mutation resulted in conformation changes in parts of DBD far from the mutation site. However, how information propagates from the mutation site to the rest of the DBD is still not well understood. We performed a series of all‐atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to dissect sterics and charge effects of R248 on p53‐DBD conformation: (i) wild‐type p53 DBD; (ii) p53 DBD with an electrically neutral arginine side‐chain; (iii) p53 DBD with R248A; (iv) p53 DBD with R248W; and (v) p53 DBD with R248Q. Our results agree well with experimental observations of global conformational changes induced by the R248Q mutation. Our simulations suggest that both charge‐ and sterics are important in the dynamics of the loop (L3) where the mutation resides. We show that helix 2 (H2) dynamics is altered as a result of a change in the hydrogen bonding partner of D281. In turn, neighboring L1 dynamics is altered: in mutants, L1 predominantly adopts the recessed conformation and is unable to interact with the major groove of DNA. We focused our attention the R248Q mutant that is commonly found in a wide range of cancer and observed changes at the zinc‐binding pocket that might account for the dominant negative effects of R248Q. Furthermore, in our simulations, the S6/S7 turn was more frequently solvent exposed in R248Q, suggesting that there is a greater tendency of R248Q to partially unfold and possibly lead to an increased aggregation propensity. Finally, based on the observations made in our simulations, we propose strategies for the rescue of R248Q mutants. Proteins 2015; 83:2240–2250. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Towards scene adaptive image correspondence for placental vasculature mosaic in computer assisted fetoscopic procedures
Authors: Yang Liangjing , Wang Junchen , Ando Takehiro , Kubota Akihiro , Yamashita Hiromasa , Sakuma Ichiro , Chiba Toshio , Kobayashi Etsuko 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundVisualization of the vast placental vasculature is crucial in fetoscopic laser photocoagulation for twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome treatment. However, vasculature mosaic is challenging due to the fluctuating imaging conditions during fetoscopic surgery.MethodA scene adaptive feature‐based approach for image correspondence in free‐hand endoscopic placental video is proposed. It contributes towards existing techniques by introducing a failure detection method based on statistical attributes of the feature distribution, and an updating mechanism that self‐tunes parameters to recover from registration failures.ResultsValidations on endoscopic image sequences of a phantom and a monkey placenta are carried out to demonstrate mismatch recovery. In two 100‐frame sequences, automatic self‐tuned results improved by 8% compared with manual experience‐based tuning and a slight 2.5% deterioration against exhaustive tuning (gold standard).ConclusionThis scene‐adaptive image correspondence approach, which is not restricted to a set of generalized parameters, is suitable for applications associated with dynamically changing imaging conditions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.