bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stable Carbon and Nitrogen isotope evidence for prehistoric hunter‐gatherer diet in the lower Murray River basin, South Australia
Authors: Pate F. Donald 
Published: November 2014

AbstractStable isotope data are making significant contributions to reconstructions of past lifeways by providing information about dietary variability, habitat use, and palaeoecology. Late Holocene hunter‐gatherers from the lower Murray River Basin of South Australia have bone collagen stable carbon and nitrogen isotope values similar to those for prehistoric lakeshore inhabitants of southern Ontario, Canada. While δ13C values indicate a C3‐based terrestrial diet for this Aboriginal riverine population, the addition of δ15N data provides more precise dietary discrimination suggesting a focus on local terrestrial mammals such as kangaroos, wombats, and dingoes supplemented by freshwater fish, mussels, and crustaceans. Faunal remains from lower Murray rockshelters also indicate diets based on terrestrial mammals and freshwater fish and shellfish during the Late Holocene. Elevated bone collagen δ15N values in the Roonka Flat human population are related to the consumption of local δ15N‐enriched foods such as dingoes, terrestrial herbivores, and freshwater fish. With regard to sedentism and territoriality, the stable isotope data indicate limited movement of food and people between the riverine environment and adjacent arid interior and coastal habitats.
Willandra Lakes revisited: environmental framework for human occupation
Authors: Bowler J.M. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe story of the Willandra Lakes is also the story of those ancient people who lived there. The landforms, sediments and soils provide the environmental framework within which the patterns of human occupation must be interpreted. The original stratigraphic system involved just two units, the Mungo and Zanci. Two additional units are now defined; one incorporating complexities between Mungo and Zanci, the Arumpo Unit, and a second to acknowledge the reality of a lake full phase near 18ka cal., postdating Zanci aridity of the last glacial maximum. This new unit is defined from Lake Mulurulu as the Mulurulu Unit.Improved facies analysis from data involving lake sediments, freshwater quartz beach sands (QBSs) and lake‐dry pelletal clay dunes (PCDs) helps refine the sequence of environmental changes. Revision of radiocarbon chronologies with conversion to calendar years, and additional dates (radiocarbon, luminescence, amino acid racemisation) permit new age definitions of major environmental changes and human‐land interactions.Following a lake‐full phase (Lower Mungo time) from before about 55ka cal., a phase of PCD accumulation is dated to near 40ka cal. defining an early stage of hydrologic stress. Progressive water level oscillations continued (Arumpo time) culminating in major drying with deflation and extension of regional dune building over large areas of the Murray Basin near 20ka cal. (Zanci time). Freshwater returned temporarily to the Willandra lakes about 18–19ka cal.Throughout the period 25–19ka cal. spanning the glacial maximum, the apparent absence of fish and unionid mussels may reflect major temperature depression corresponding also to the period of maximum aridity. The ecological stress experienced at this time had an immense impact on the landscape, plants and especially larger animals, requiring new adaptive responses from human occupants. Early grinding techniques, pre‐dating evidence of seed grinding, are suggested.Reconstruction of the sedimentary sequence at the main archaeological site at Joulni reveals a pre‐Mungo unit deep in the sequence of a system developed by barrier construction isolating the Joulni Plain from the main lake. Analogous conditions at Lake Victoria today mirror development of the Joulni archaeological site. Oldest artefacts occurring within this un‐named unit are dated beyond 45ka cal.Human occupation on the lakeshore barrier system at Lake Mungo involved aquatic harvesting (fish and shellfish) associated with human burials before the onset of PCD deposition, pre‐40ka‐cal. The association here of the complex burial ritual (Mungo III) involving anointing with ochre at this time presents one of the dramatic mysteries of ancient human cultural development. In death, the story of that person illuminates our understanding of those ancient occupants and the Ice Age environments that supported them.
Archaeological excavations at Mungo
Authors: Shawcross Wilfred 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis is a report on the uncompleted programme of field surveys and excavations of two large trenches, carried out by the author at Mungo between 1974 and 1980. The objective was to substantiate and develop the discoveries of 1969. Influences on the research design and methods, and a short history of ideas in Archaeology and their impact during the protracted study are given. The excavation results reveal an anomaly between the apparent stratigraphy and artefact deposits. This distribution of artefacts is tested by regression, which leads to the identification of micro topography within the Upper Mungo unit, not obvious from the stratigraphy. The reinterpretation is successfully tested by artefact conjoining. The micro topography is then shown to explain other observations on the faunal assemblage and stratigraphy. It is now possible to interpret the site as a specialised manufacturing area located on a part of the lake shore chosen for its local climatic conditions.
The impact of visitors on Aboriginal sites in Mungo National Park
Authors: Midgley Emma , Spennemann Dirk H.R. , Johnston Harvey 
Published: November 2014

AbstractVisitor impact is an inherent and dynamic component of cultural heritage management whenever cultural sites are accessed by people. Mungo National Park has become the focus of some 35,000 visitors per year. The impacts these visitors have on the archaeological record are investigated in this study. A series of fourteen mock sites, composed of stone artefact and bone scatters, were created in the park and the impacts that visitors had on these sites were monitored over a five month period. The results indicate that high visitation areas are subject to a variety of impacts, and site components are frequently moved, turned over, clustered and pilfered. Recognition of these impacts can lead to improvements in the management and conservation of archaeological sites.
Monumental grandeur and political florescence in pre‐contact Hawai'i: Excavations at Pi'ilanihale Heiau, Maui
Authors: Kolb Michael J. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractPi'ilanihale, the largest religious temple in the Hawaiian archipelago, is a premier example of monumental architecture. Conflicting evidence, however, exists as to when it was constructed and how it was used. Archaeological excavations undertaken at the site indicate that the structure was built early in the course of Maui political development before the island was unified into a single political unit, and did not serve as one of the polity‐level war temples common to late traditional Hawaiian society. Results from this project help clarify conflicting oral historical and preliminary archaeological data.
How old is north Queensland's rock‐art? A review of the evidence, with new AMS determinations
Authors: David Bruno , Armitage Ruth ann , Hyman Marian , Rowe Marvin W. , Lawson Ewan 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIt has been 18 years since Andrée Rosenfeld suggested that the rock‐art of north Queensland changed from non‐figurative to mainly figurative forms some 5–4000 years ago. Her views were based on a small regional database and on indirect chronological evidence. This paper looks afresh at the antiquity of north Queensland's rock‐art by reviewing the existing evidence — much elaborated since Rosenfeld's pioneering work — and by presenting new AMS radiocarbon results undertaken directly on rock‐art. Her general chronological model is supported and refined by these new findings.
Bedrock notions and isochrestic choice: evidence for localised stylistic patterning in the engravings of the Sydney region
Authors: McDonald JO 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis paper explores stylistic variability in engraved art in the Sydney region. It is argued that engravings operated in a distinctive social context, fulfilling a regional bonding function and providing the opportunity for large scale group cohesion. Conversely the sheltered pigment art, produced in an arguably domestic social context, is thought to have provided the opportunity for individual and localised group identifying behaviour.The region's open engravings are considered to be the stylistically more conservative of the two art components. This paper explores rare engraved motifs and compositional details in an attempt to explore the artists of this region's bedrock notions and isochrestic choices (Sackett 1990). It concludes that by exploring regional patterning at a variety of integrated scales we can understand better the processes and complexities of a regional rock art network.
Origins of the Western Desert language: convergence in linguistic and archaeological space and time models
Authors: Veth Peter 
Published: November 2014

AbstractRecently linguists have adopted historical approaches to provide chronologies for the expansion of languages in Australia. McConvell (1996) has defined an approach he refers to as linguistic prehistory, in which the methods of comparative linguistics are used to estimate the point of origin and timing of the spread of the Western Desert language. McConvell and others have aimed to calibrate these reconstructions against available archaeological evidence from the Western Desert. In this paper I consider recent archaeological syntheses from the Western Desert and discuss how inferred changes in archaeological site patterning, occupational intensity, technology, symbolic schema and exchange systems may correlate with linguistic phases of expansion. It is an assumption of this paper that the spread of a language occurs through the migration of those language speakers.
Megaliths of Muyuw (Woodlark Island), Milne Bay Province, PNG
Authors: Bickler Simon H. , Ivuyo Baiva 
Published: November 2014

AbstractArchaeological survey on Muyuw (Woodlark Island) in the Massim area of Papua New Guinea located a number of stone arrangements, commonly known as megaliths. Test excavations have revealed the use of the stone arrangements as burial structures. The Muyuw data show a complex pattern of changing internal relationships and regional political relationships. The presence of stone arrangements in all the major islands of the northern Massim (and possibly beyond), hints at a shared regional symbolic system for dealing with the dead, and organising labour for public work. Stone arrangements form a complex Early Period (~1500BP–600BP) landscape built for the dead to negotiate relationships between the living throughout the northern Massim. Yet by 600 BP, this landscape had probably lost its symbolic potency. These sites are discussed in relation to the prehistory of the island and the region as a whole.
Bones of Contention: Reply to Walshe
Authors: Gould R.A. , O'Connor S. , Veth P. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA recent critique by Walshe of taphonomic analyses made at three key arid zone sites is addressed. We defend our position that the extreme reduction of bone elements in these sites during the Holocene is most likely the product of Aboriginal behaviours rather than natural processes. We argue that the Tasmanian Devil, Sarcophilus, is not implicated in the reduction of bone; indeed there is no convincing evidence that Devils were even present in the Western Desert. We make the case that the likely effects of dingo on these assemblages is not consistent with the observed patterns of bone breakage through time.
Beyond the Limits of Location: human environmental disturbance prior to official European contact in early colonial Australia
Authors: Gale S.J. , Haworth R.J. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe expansion of European occupation across Australia was closely circumscribed during the first half century of the colony's existence. Despite this, there is considerable evidence of unsanctioned movements beyond the officially prescribed boundaries. Given their illegal nature, information on such movements is unlikely to be preserved in the documentary record. Other sources of information may, however, yield evidence of these activities. Perhaps the most useful of these is that preserved in sediments laid down at the time of initial colonisation. This study exploits this data source, focussing on the depositional record from the New England Tablelands of northern New South Wales. Well‐dated sedimentary sequences yield evidence of enhanced rates of soil erosion and disturbance to lake sediment chemistry perhaps decades before the accepted date of European arrival on the Tablelands in the 1830s. This disturbance is unlikely to have been a consequence of natural processes. It may instead have been the result of Aboriginal activities, although it is more likely to indicate the presence of either Europeans or the shadow of European culture in New England well before the official date of settlement. The sediments may therefore throw light on the timing and processes of European colonisation of the continent, and reveal indications of early contact environmental disturbance, of particular significance given the long‐term response of the Australian biophysical environment to human impacts.
Productivity, production and settlement in precontact Rarotonga, Cook Islands
Authors: Campbell Matthew 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn order to examine the precontact production system of Rarotonga beyond the limits of the archaeologically visible irrigated taro terraces, a model of potential productivity is created. The model is based on an assessment of the productive potential of soil types and an inventory of precontact crops on Rarotonga. It is used here to examine a number of factors related to production: temporal change in production; reliability of production; the perceived value of land; and settlement. There are a number of limitations to the model as it stands, but its main value lies in its use as a foil against which to examine these other, more interesting aspects of production. The model is based on environmental factors, but the Rarotongan production system is as much a product of history as of environment.
Flexibility of stone tool manufacturing methods on the Georgina River, Camooweal, Queensland
Authors: Moore Mark W. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe Australian Aboriginal approach to stone technology is often characterised as highly flexible, a phenomenon well‐documented by ethnographic observation. In the Australian context, it would appear that a stone's function was only loosely related to its form. Nevertheless, many ethnographic studies recognise that artefact manufacture was “aimed at” producing specific forms (Horne and Aiston 1924:92). This study examines the extent of rigidity in artefact manufacture through an archaeological analysis of a large stone assemblage from Camooweal, northwestern Queensland, Australia. The reduction sequence which created the assemblage is modeled and the rigidity of the various trajectories comprising the reduction sequence is assessed by the degree to which blanks for “aimed at” forms crossed between trajectories. While the ethnographic literature indicates that various artefact categories tended to be used in an ad hoc fashion, the results of the technological analysis indicate that blank production for “aimed at” forms was, in fact, relatively rigid. This stands at odds with sweeping generalisations about the flexibility of Aboriginal lithic technology.
Re‐examining total institutions: a case study from Queensland
Authors: Sutton Mary‐Jean 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMissions and reserves in Queensland dating from the 1880s to early 1980s have specific spatial and physical characteristics that fit Erving Goffman's structural description of ‘total institutions' (1962:74). These specific characteristics, analysed here, include locks, wire mesh enclosed verandahs, barred windows, barbed wire fences, strictly regimented spaces and segregated built environments. Material culture in the forms of photographic evidence, surveyed maps and plans are employed. This kind of primary evidence is used due to the paucity of survival of other more traditional forms of archaeological evidence to answer questions concerning the original layout and built environment of mission and reserve sites. This paper about Queensland challenges the findings of research by Rowse (1993), Lydon (2000) and Trigger (1992, 1985) concerning the application of ‘total institutions' to missions and reserves in Australia. Many missions and reserves in Queensland were total institutions and the spatial and physical environment of these institutions was an attempt at social control over Aboriginal peoples. The physical and spatial environment of missions and reserves in Queensland can be seen as a reflection of power relations in modern society.
A highway and a crossroads: Island Southeast Asia and culture contact archaeology
Authors: Lape Peter V. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIsland Southeast Asia has several distinctive elements of its archaeological and documentary record that make it a particularly fertile region in which to further explore and develop theories of culture contact and cross‐cultural interaction. In contrast to the traditional view of other regions, such as pre‐European contact North America, archaeologists have always seen Island Southeast Asia as a zone of cross‐cultural interaction, or as a passageway for migrations to other areas. Despite this potential, the region remains relatively under‐explored archaeologically, and problems of cross‐cultural interaction have not been the orientation for most of the archaeological research that has been done. There are several possible explanations for this relative lack of focus: this paper will review several case studies that demonstrate how additional research can contribute to general theory about the interaction of human social groups.
Badu 15 and the Papuan‐Austronesian settlement of Torres Strait
Authors: David Bruno , McNiven Ian , Mitchell Rod , Orr Meredith , Haberle Simon , Brady Liam , Crouch Joe 
Published: November 2014

AbstractArchaeological excavations on the island of Badu have for the first time revealed evidence of people in Torres Strait before 2500 years BP. We interpret this evidence as representing three phases of island use and occupation. Phase 1 (8000–6000 years BP), when the high islands of Torres Strait were part of terminal Greater Australia, saw permanent occupation of the region. During Phase 2 (6000‐c.3500/3000 years BP), the Western Islands of Torres Strait were occasionally visited from Cape York. And in Phase 3 (c.3500/3000 years BP to present) the islands became occupied mainly by speakers of languages with strong Papuan and Austronesian elements from the north and northeast. We argue for Austronesian influences at the tip of Australia during the late Holocene.
Micronesia's Breadfruit Revolution and the evolution of a Culture Area
Authors: Petersen Glenn 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMicronesia was initially settled from at least three quite separate points of origin and comprises multiple cultural and linguistic stocks. It nevertheless manifests a striking uniformity in its sociopolitical organization. I argue that these shared aspects of Micronesian societies diffused out of the Eastern Caroline Islands as a consequence of a prehistoric sociocultural efflorescence driven at least in part by the hybridization of two entirely different breadfruit species. The characteristic form of Micronesia's dispersed conical clans was spread throughout the entire region, carried along with the economic successes conferred by productive new breadfruit varieties. Botanical, linguistic, archaeological and ethnological data are marshaled to substantiate this argument.
Explaining point variability in the eastern Victoria River Region, Northern Territory
Authors: Clarkson Chris 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis paper constructs a reduction sequence model for north Australian points from the eastern Victoria River region, and identifies a single continuum linking unifacial and bifacial point forms, with some divergence from this single reduction trajectory dependent upon artefact size. Chronological changes in reduction intensity between 5,000BP and the present are found to coincide with typological variation in points as well as changing emphasis on the extendibility of point reduction. It is suggested that changes in the extendibility of point reduction can be linked to intensified ENSO‐driven climatic variability in the late Holocene that likely increased economic risk and warranted a substantial technological response, including the use of retouched toolkits with potential for longer use‐lives.
Gas–liquid dielectric barrier discharge falling film reactor for the decoloration of dyeing water
Authors: Feng Xuelan , Yan Binhang , Yang Qianli , Jin Yong , Cheng Yi 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDDecoloration of dyes is a top priority to enhance biodegradability in color‐free wastewater post‐treatment. A gas–liquid dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) falling film reactor has been developed as a promising approach to the decoloration of dyes.RESULTSRhodamine B was employed as a model compound. The effects of residence time of the liquid film with different initial concentrations, oxygen flow rates and oxygen concentrations (using different diluent gases, e.g. argon and nitrogen) were investigated. Longer liquid film residence time and lower oxygen flow rate resulted in higher decoloration efficiency. The decoloration efficiency in oxygen and nitrogen discharge was slightly higher than that in oxygen and argon discharge at the same oxygen concentration. The mechanisms of decoloration and the production of oxidative species are clearly revealed. The highest decoloration efficiency (up to 97.4%) with initial concentration of 50 mg L−1 was obtained in pure oxygen discharge with liquid residence time of 1.9 s at an oxygen flow rate of 100 mL min−1.CONCLUSIONThe proposed gas–liquid DBD falling film reactor is a promising alternative to advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for effective treatment of dyes. These results are helpful for further real plasma wastewater treatment. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Multisensory Processing Impacts on Destination Image and Willingness to Visit
Authors: Kim Jihee , Kerstetter Deborah L. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMissing from destination image research is a focus on multisensory processing, particularly with respect to multiple types of communication about a destination. In this study a 2 × 2 between‐subject experimental design was employed to explore how multisensory processing of various forms of communication induces or amplifies positive images. At the same time, the relative contributions of empathy and destination image to willingness to visit the tourism destination were investigated. Structural equation modeling suggested that multisensory processing positively affected empathy and destination image, and empathy and destination image contributed to willingness to visit a destination. The study results are discussed in terms of their contribution to the literature as well as the ways in which they can be used by tourism researchers and marketers. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.