bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Benchmarking key service quality indicators in UK Employee Assistance Programme Counselling: A CORE System data profile
Authors: Mellor-Clark John , Twigg Elspeth , Farrell Eugene , Kinder Andrew 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackground: Levels of psychological distress appear to be increasing in the workplace, in parallel with the growth of employee assistance programme (EAP) provision offering a range of talking treatments. However, such growth takes place in the absence of a substantive body of supporting research evidence despite a quarter of a decade of research activity. Aims: To analyse a national sample of EAP data and profile relative service quality on a set of key service indicators. Method: CORE System data profiles of over 28,000 clients were voluntarily donated by six EAP service providers. An established benchmarking methodology was used to assess the relative quality of EAP service provision compared with published CORE System benchmarks for NHS primary care and UK higher education student counselling services. Results: High quality data profiled an EAP service clientele who were quantifiably distressed, accessed treatment quickly, with the majority completing treatment and demonstrating high rates of recovery and/or improvement relative to published benchmarks from the NHS and HE comparative sectors. Limitations of the study and implications for practice and further investigation are considered.
White-light bias external quantum efficiency measurements of standard and inverted P3HT : PCBM photovoltaic cells
Authors: Brenner Thomas J K , Vaynzof Yana , Li Zhe , Kabra Dinesh , Friend Richard H , McNeill Christopher R 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
We have investigated the behaviour of inverted poly(3-hexylthiophene) : [6,6]-phenyl- C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT : PCBM) solar cells with different active layer thickness upon changing light intensity. Using white-light bias external quantum efficiency (EQE) measurements and photocurrent transient measurements we explain the different thickness dependence of device performance of inverted (ITO/ZnO/P3HT : PCBM/WO3/Ag) and standard (ITO/PEDOT : PSS/P3HT : PCBM/Ca/Al) cells. Whereas for inverted devices where high EQEs of up to 68% are measured under low light intensities (∼3.5 mW cm−2), a dramatic reduction in EQE is observed with increasing white-light bias (up to ∼141.5 mW cm−2) accompanied by a severe distortion of the EQE spectrum. For the inverted device this spectral distortion is characterized by a dip in the EQE spectrum for wavelengths corresponding to maximum light absorption and becomes more prominent with increasing active layer thickness. For regular P3HT : PCBM devices, in contrast, a less dramatic reduction in EQE with increasing light intensity and only a mild change in EQE spectral shape are observed. The change in EQE spectral shape is also different for standard devices with a relative reduction in EQE for spectral regions where light is absorbed less strongly. This asymmetry in device behaviour is attributed to unbalanced charge transport with the lower mobility carrier having to travel further on average in the inverted device structure. Thus at high light intensities charge recombination is more pronounced at the front half of the device (close to the transparent electrode) for inverted cells where most of the light is absorbed, and more pronounced at the back half of the device for standard cells. Our results therefore indicate that bulk charge transport mobilities rather than vertical composition gradients are the dominant factor in determining the performance of standard and inverted P3HT : PCBM cells.
Nonlinear oscillations of gas bubbles submerged in water: implications for plasma breakdown
Authors: Sommers B S , Foster J E 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Gas bubbles submerged in a dielectric liquid and driven by an electric field can undergo dramatic changes in both shape and volume. In certain cases, this deformation can enhance the distribution of the applied field inside the bubble as well as decrease the internal gas pressure. Both effects will tend to facilitate plasma formation in the gas volume. A practical realization of these two effects could have a broad impact on the viability of liquid plasma technologies, which tend to suffer from high voltage requirements. In this experiment, bubbles of diameter 0.4–0.7 mm are suspended in the node of a 26.4 kHz underwater acoustic standing wave and excited into nonlinear shape oscillations using ac electric fields with amplitudes of 5–15 kV cm−1. Oscillations of the deformed bubble are photographed with a high-speed camera operating at 5130 frames s−1 and the resulting images are decomposed into their axisymmetric spherical harmonic modes,

, using an edge detection algorithm. Overall, the bubble motion is dominated by the first three even modes l = 0, 2 and 4. Electrostatic simulations of the deformed bubble's internal electric field indicate that the applied field is enhanced by as much as a factor of 2.3 above the nominal applied field. Further simulation of both the pure l = 2 and l = 4 modes predicts that with additional deformation, the field enhancement factors could reach as much as 10–50.
Solution-growth and optoelectronic performance of ZnO : Cl/TiO2 and ZnO : Cl/ZnxTiOy/TiO2 core–shell nanowires with tunable shell thickness
Authors: Fan Jiandong , Zamani Reza , Fábrega Cristian , Shavel Alexey , Flox Cristina , Ibáñez Maria , Andreu Teresa , López Antonio M , Arbiol Jordi , Morante Joan Ramón , Cabot Andreu 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Arrays of vertically aligned ZnO : Cl/TiO2 and ZnO : Cl/Zn
x
TiO
y
/TiO2 core–shell nanowires (NWs) were prepared by means of the combination of two solution-growth processes. First, single-crystal ZnO NWs with controlled n-type doping were grown on conducting substrates by a low-cost, high-yield and seed-free electrochemical route. These NWs were covered by a titanium oxide shell of tunable thickness mediating successive adsorption-hydrolysis-condensation steps. Using this atomic-layer growth procedure, titania shells with controlled thickness and the anatase TiO2 phase were obtained after sintering at 450 °C. Higher sintering temperatures resulted in the formation of ZnO : Cl/Zn
x
TiO
y
/TiO2 core–shell NWs by the interdiffusion of Zn and Ti ions at the ZnO–TiO2 interface. The performance of ZnO : Cl/TiO2 and ZnO : Cl/Zn
x
TiO
y
/TiO2 core–shell NWs towards photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting was investigated as a function of the titania shell thickness. Furthermore, the performance of such core–shell NWs as photoelectrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells was also characterized. The TiO2 presence at the ZnO : Cl surface promoted a two-fold increase on the produced photocurrent densities, probing their potential for PEC and optoelectronic applications. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to corroborate the lower resistance for charge transfer between the NWs and the electrolyte in the presence of the TiO2 shell.
Oxidation mechanism in metal nanoclusters: Zn nanoclusters to ZnO hollow nanoclusters
Authors: Mahapatra A K , Bhatta U M , Som T 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Zn nanoclusters (NCs) are deposited by the low-energy cluster beam deposition technique. The mechanism of oxidation is studied by analysing their compositional and morphological evolution over a long span of time (three years) due to exposure to ambient atmosphere. It is concluded that the mechanism proceeds in two steps. In the first step, the shell of ZnO forms over Zn NCs rapidly up to a certain limiting thickness: within a few days—depending upon the size—Zn NCs are converted to Zn–ZnO (core–shell), Zn–void–ZnO, or hollow ZnO type NCs. Bigger than ∼15 nm become Zn–ZnO (core–shell) type: among them, NCs above ∼25 nm could retain their initial geometrical shapes (namely triangular, hexagonal, rectangular and rhombohedral), but ∼25 to 15 nm size NCs become irregular or distorted geometrical shapes. NCs between ∼15 to 5 nm become Zn–void–ZnO type, and smaller than ∼5 nm become ZnO hollow sphere type, i.e. ZnO hollow NCs. In the second step, all Zn–void–ZnO and Zn–ZnO (core–shell) structures are converted to hollow ZnO NCs in a slow and gradual process, and the mechanism of conversion proceeds through expansion in size by incorporating ZnO monomers inside the shell. The observed oxidation behaviour of NCs is compared with theory of Cabrera–Mott on low-temperature oxidation of metal.
PHOTOCOAGULATION THERAPY OF LEAKING ARCHER'S TYPE 2 RETINAL ARTERIOVENOUS COMMUNICATION
Authors: Wolff Benjamin , Tick Sarah , Cohen Salomon Y. 
Published: September 2012

Purpose:
Type 2 retinal arteriovenous communication is characterized by direct arteriovenous communication without an intervening arteriolar or capillary segment. It may be complicated by extravascular exudation. The successful results of low-intensity argon laser photocoagulation in two cases are reported.

Methods:
Case report of two patients.

Results:
Both cases were associated with a serous macular detachment, showing evidence of vascular leakage. Argon laser photocoagulation was performed. Visual improvement was observed in both cases, with disappearance of vascular leakage.

Conclusion:
Type 2 arteriovenous communications lead to increased arterial flow through a low-resistance vein. The resulting high intraluminal pressure may explain the observed vascular ectasia and consequent fluid leakage. Spontaneous regression may occur. Nevertheless, direct argon laser photocoagulation may be considered a therapeutic option and lead to visual improvement.
State, adoption and use of ICTs by students and academic staff at Mzuzu University, Malawi
Authors: Harvey Chaputula Aubrey 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to look at the state, adoption and use of ICTs by students and academic staff at Mzuzu University.Design/methodology/approachThe research used a survey method whose study population included students, academic and library staff. Data for the study were collected using an interview guide and questionnaires.FindingsThe research found out the state of ICTs at Mzuzu University was poor. In spite of this, adoption and use of ICTs was high. ICTs were mainly used for academic‐related word processing tasks, including internet access. However, most of the respondents used personal laptop computers connected to an MTL/TNM/AIRTEL dongle, a personal GSM phone, or commercial internet cybercafés off campus to access the internet. The university network was not used much. Obstacles to the adoption and use of ICTs included poor network infrastructure, the limited number of computers, the high cost of internet access, persistent power outages, and the lack of relevant ICT skills, among others.Research limitations/implicationsThe study did not involve postgraduate students because many of them pursue their studies by research, and hence they could have been difficult to contact. Adjunct academic members of staff were also excluded because of anticipated accessibility challenges. The findings of this study, therefore, may not necessarily apply to these groups.Practical implicationsThe paper makes some recommendations, which, if acted upon by Mzuzu University management, would help improve the state of ICTs at the institution.Originality/valueMalawi is a country that has generally lagged behind other countries in terms of ICT adoption and use. However, the magnitude of the problem, especially in institutions of higher learning, is relatively unknown owing to the lack of research undertakings in the field. This paper is therefore valuable because it gives a clear picture of the situation on the ground, and also suggests ways of how the problems faced could be solved.
Exploring the further integration of machine translation in English‐Chinese cross language information access
Authors: Wu Dan , He Daqing 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThis paper seeks to examine the further integration of machine translation technologies with cross language information access in providing web users the capabilities of accessing information beyond language barriers. Machine translation and cross language information access are related technologies, and yet they have their own unique contributions in handling information in multiple languages. This paper aims to demonstrate that there are many opportunities to further integrate machine translation with cross language information access, and the combination can greatly empower web users in their information access.Design/methodology/approachUsing English and Chinese as the language pair for studying, this paper looks at machine translation in query translation‐based cross language information access at multiple important aspects, which include query translation, relevance feedback, interactive cross language information access, out‐of‐vocabulary term translation, and data fusion. The goal is to obtain more insights about the wide range usages of machine translation in cross language information access, and to help the community to identify promising future directions for both machine translation and cross language access.FindingsMachine translation can be applied effectively in many places in the whole cross language information access process. Queries translated by a machine translation system are high quality and are more robust in handling potential untranslated terms. Translation enhancement, a relevance feedback method using machine translation generated returned documents, is not only a valid technique by itself, but also helps to generate more robust cross language information access performance when combined with other relevance feedback techniques. Machine translation is also found to play a significant role in resolving untranslated terms and in data fusion.Originality/valueThis set of comparative empirical studies on integrating machine translation and cross language information access was performed on a common evaluation framework, and examined integration at multiple points of the cross language access process. The experimental results demonstrate the value of further integrating machine translation in cross language information access, and identify interesting future directions for both machine translation and cross language information access research.
A UNIMARC bibliographic format database for ABCD
Authors: Mêgnigbêto Eustache 
Published: September 2012

PurposeABCD is a web‐based open and free software suite for library management derived from the UNESCO CDS/ISIS software technology. The first version was launched officially in December 2009 with a MARC 21 bibliographic format database. This paper aims to detail the building of the UNIMARC bibliographic format database for ABCD.Design/methodology/approachABCD provides tools for building any MARC‐like or structured bibliographic format database; this feature is used to set up a UNIMARC bibliographic format database according to its structure as defined by IFLA. As a member of the ISIS family of software applications, ABCD provides a robust formatting language that allows the output of records according to the needs of the user.FindingsABCD provides a robust platform for building a UNIMARC bibliographic format database and many other facilities for editing records. But, it is not yet possible to have more than one active fixed length coded field in a worksheet.Originality/valueCDS/ISIS users who have data in the UNIMARC format on old versions of CDS/ISIS software applications now have the opportunity to migrate their data into the new application without changing their structure. Aslo, a second international MARC format is provided to new CDS/ISIS users.
Web‐based library services in university libraries in India: an analysis of librarians' perspective
Authors: Madhusudhan M. , Nagabhushanam V. 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThis purpose of this paper is to present the current state and use of the web by university libraries in India and to examine the web‐based library services offered by some university libraries in different sections via their websites with the help of web‐based library automation software.Design/methodology/approachA survey was conducted through a structured questionnaire circulated personally among university librarians and the response rate was 100 percent. The responses received from the respondents to 22 questions are presented in the form of tables and figures and analyzed using a simple method of percentages.FindingsThe findings show that many of the surveyed university libraries are yet to exploit full potential of the web forms, and are lagging behind in effective use of library website. A few libraries offer innovative web‐based library services in different sections. This study identified specific ways in which the web helps university libraries to improve and develop innovative and creative web‐based library services. Some key improvements and developments are: there is an urgent need to develop dynamic library websites and incorporate relevant Web 2.0 based services including web forms in each web‐based library service; apply semantic technologies and ontologies; adopt next‐generation internet (IPv6); and provide multi‐language support content. This study also examined institutional characteristics and resources dedicated to web‐based services.Originality/valueThe geographical area of the study was restricted to 20 university libraries in India.
Flexible access control framework for MARC records
Authors: Sladić Goran , Milosavljević Branko , Surla Dušan , Konjović Zora 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThe goal of this paper is to propose a data access control framework that is used for editing MARC‐based bibliographic databases. In cases where the bibliographic record editing activities carried out in libraries are complex and involve many people with different skills and expertise, a way of managing the workflow and data quality is needed. Enforcing access control can contribute to these goals.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed solution for data access control enforcement is based on the well‐studied standard role‐based access control (RBAC) model. The bibliographic data, for the purpose of this system, is represented using the XML language. The software architecture of the access control system is modelled using the Unified Modelling Language (UML).FindingsThe access control framework presented in this paper represents a successful application of concepts of role‐based access control to bibliographic databases. The use of XML language for bibliographic data representation provides the means to integrate this solution into many different library information systems, facilitates data exchange and simplifies the software implementation because of the abundance of available XML tools. The solution presented is not dependent on any particular XML schema for bibliographic records and may be used in different library environments. Its flexibility stems from the fact that access control rules can be defined at different levels of granularity and for different XML schemas.Research limitations/implicationsThis access control framework is designed to handle XML documents. Library systems that utilise bibliographic databases in other formats not easily convertible to XML would hardly integrate the framework into their environment.Practical implicationsThe use of an access control enforcement framework in a bibliographic database can significantly improve the quality of data in organisations where record editing is performed by a large number of people with different skills. The examples of access control enforcement presented in this paper are extracted from the actual workflow for editing bibliographic records in the Belgrade City Library, the largest public city library in Serbia. The software implementation of the proposed framework and its integration in the BISIS library information system prove the practical usability of the framework. BISIS is currently deployed in over 40 university, public, and specialized libraries in Serbia.Originality/valueA proposal for enforcing access control in bibliographic databases is given, and a software implementation and its integration in a library information system are presented. The proposed framework can be used in library information systems that use MARC‐based cataloguing.
Metacognition and web credibility
Authors: Madden Andrew D. , Ford Nigel , Gorrell Genevieve , Eaglestone Barry , Holdridge Peter 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThe research reported here generated a list of criteria adopted by postgraduate students when evaluating websites. The analysis presented aims to determine whether metacognition played any part in the evaluation of websites by volunteers.Design/methodology/approachForty‐eight students participated in the study. They carried out a series of searches designed to bring them into contact with a range of websites, from forums to electronic books. The students were encouraged to “think aloud” as they searched, and to explain their actions and strategies. Search sessions were recorded, transcribed, and subjected to ethnographic content analysis.FindingsA range of evaluation criteria is presented. The criteria were applied at different stages of the search process and demonstrate varying degrees of metacognition. Observations on evaluation processes are also presented. Factors affecting evaluation included the purpose of the search, advice received from lecturers, and the perceived nature of the website.Practical implicationsSome volunteers encountered difficulties because of an overly simplistic approach to evaluation. Any training in information literacy skills should aim at equipping students with guidelines to help them assess the credibility of websites, while encouraging them to reflect on the nature of their search task and to apply the guidelines accordingly.Originality/valueThe evaluation criteria and processes described in this paper are induced from detailed observations of a large cohort of students. The qualitative nature of the study meant that these observations could be put into the context of the students' own reflections on their choice of website.