bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case report: Thyroid metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma: a rare case with diffuse solid occupancy and unusual imaging findings
Authors: Feng Tinghua , Xue Menghua , Sang Miaoyu , Cui Rongrong , Liu Xiaofang , Liu Liping 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundThyroid metastasis represents a rare occurrence, with commonly observed primary tumors originating from renal cell carcinoma, malignant neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract, lungs, and breast. However, the metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma to the thyroid gland remains infrequent. Previous investigations have consistently demonstrated an unfavorable prognosis for patients with malignancies that have metastasized to the thyroid. In this context, we present a noteworthy case of thyroid metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), characterized by a distinct ultrasonographic manifestation of diffuse thyroid lesion, deviating from the previously documented imaging presentations of thyroid metastases in HCC.Case presentationA 62-year-old Chinese female patient was diagnosed with hepatocellular liver cancer in 2019, following which she underwent a radical hepatic resection. Pathological examination revealed HCC located in the right lobe (stage T3bN0M0 IIIB). No additional interventions were administered subsequent to the surgery. After a span of 15 months, the patient presented with dyspnea. Ultrasonographic findings showed diffuse solid infiltration within the thyroid gland, along with tumor thrombi in both internal jugular veins. Computed tomography (CT) scans demonstrated malignant thyroid lesions infiltrating the retropharyngeal space, prevertebral space, and esophageal wall. The subsequent pathology report from the puncture biopsy confirmed the malignant nature of the tumor, and immunohistochemical analysis definitively established its hepatic origin.ConclusionsPatients with a history of HCC should be subjected to long-term monitoring and habitual thyroid ultrasonography. Newly detected thyroid nodules in such patients should be immediately regarded suspect for potential metastatic disease. Even when a nodule doesn’t exhibit malignant characteristics on ultrasound, FNAB should be administered promptly to elucidate the pathological condition. Larger, swiftly multiplying thyroid masses should warrant an immediate CNB. The identification of thyroid metastases, particularly when coupled with peripheral tissue invasion, typically signifies a bleak prognosis.
Iodine-125 brachytherapy in inoperable duodenal papilla carcinoma: a case report series
Authors: Zhang Yue , Xu Shangbin , Xu Jing , Wu Shen , Yao Wenyi , Lu Shengying , Zhang Guangtao , Chen Tingsong 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundDuodenal papilla carcinoma (DPC) is a rare malignancy often diagnosed at an advanced stage. When surgery is not feasible in localized disease due to advanced age or comorbidities, there remains no consensus on optimal management for these patients.Case summaryThis case series details the therapeutic outcomes of 125I seed implantation in two elderly patients with DPC. A notable tumor reduction was achieved within two months after implantation. Furthermore, both patients demonstrated radiological tumor response and survived for over six months following the initial 125I seed treatment, marking the first reported instance of 125I seed implantation to effectively control DPC.ConclusionThe anti-tumor activity of 125I seed implantation in the reported two cases of DPC underscores its potential as a viable treatment option for inoperable localized DPC.
Prospective, non-blinded, randomized controlled trial on early administration of pulmonary surfactant guided by lung ultrasound scores in very preterm infants: study protocol
Authors: Zhang Jinghui , Liu Huiqiang , Zhang Yahui , Zhu Weiwei , Liu Yunfeng , Han Tongyan 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundBedside lung ultrasonography has been widely used in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Lung ultrasound scores (LUS) may predict the need for pulmonary surfactant (PS) application. PS replacement therapy is the key intervention for managing moderate to severe neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS), with early PS administration playing a positive role in improving patient outcomes. Lung ultrasonography aids in the prompt diagnosis of NRDS, while LUS offers a semi-quantitative assessment of lung health. However, the specific methodologies for utilizing LUS in clinical practice remain controversial. This study hypothesizes that, in very preterm infants [&lt;32 weeks gestational age (GA)] exhibiting respiratory distress symptoms, determining PS application through early postnatal LUS combined with clinical indicators, as opposed to relying solely on clinical signs and chest x-rays, can lead to more timely PS administration, reduce mechanical ventilation duration, improve patient outcomes, and lower the occurrence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).Methods and designThis is a protocol for a prospective, non-blinded, randomized controlled trial that will be conducted in the NICU of a hospital in China. Eligible participants will include very preterm infants (&lt; 32 weeks GA) exhibiting signs of respiratory distress. Infants will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either the ultrasound or control group. In the ultrasonography group, the decision regarding PS administration will be based on a combination of lung ultrasonography and clinical manifestations, whereas in the control group, it will be determined solely by clinical signs and chest x-rays. The primary outcome measure will be the mechanical ventilation duration. Statistical analysis will employ independent sample t-tests with a significance level set at α = 0.05 and a power of 80%. The study requires 30 infants per group (in total 60 infants).ResultsThis study aims to demonstrate that determining PS application based on a combination of LUS and clinical indicators is superior to traditional approaches.ConclusionsThis approach may enhance the accuracy of NRDS diagnosis and facilitate early prediction of PS requirements, thereby reducing the duration of mechanical ventilation. The findings of this research may contribute valuable insights into the use of LUS to guide PS administration.
Safety of tildrakizumab: a disproportionality analysis based on the FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS) database from 2018–2023
Authors: Lin Jinger , Chen Xiangqi , Luo Min , Zhuo Qianwei , Zhang Haosong , Chen Nuo , Zhuo Yunqian , Han Yue 
Published: July 2024

Background: Tildrakizumab, the IL-23 inhibitor, is used to treat plaque psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Many studies have reported adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with Tildrakizumab.Objective: The aim of this study was to describe ADRs associated with Tildrakizumab monotherapy by mining data from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).Methods: The signals of Tildrakizumab-associated ADRs were quantified using disproportionality analyses such as the reporting odds ratio (ROR), the proportional reporting ratio (PRR), the Bayesian confidence propagation neural network (BCPNN), and the multiitem gamma Poisson shrinker (MGPS) algorithms.Results: A total of 10,530,937 reports of ADRs were collected from the FAERS database, of which 1,177 reports were identified with tildrakizumab as the “primary suspect (PS)”. Tildrakizumab-induced ADRs occurred against 27 system organ classes (SOCs). A total of 32 significant disproportionality Preferred Terms (PTs) conformed to the algorithms. Unexpected significant ADRs such as coronavirus infection, herpes simplex, diverticulitis, atrial fibrillation and aortic valve incompetence were also possible. The median time to onset of Tildrakizumab-associated ADRs was 194 days (interquartile range [IQR] 84–329 days), with the majority occurring, within the first 1 and 3 months after initiation of Tildrakizumab.Conclusion: This study identified a potential signal for new ADRs with Tildrakizumab, which might provide important support for clinical monitoring and risk prediction.
Prenylated flavonoids from Sophora flavescens inhibit mushroom tyrosinase activity and modulate melanogenesis in murine melanoma cells and zebrafish
Authors: Fan Fenling , Chen Lanqing , Chen Caihong , Ang Song , Gutkowski Justin , Seeram Navindra P. , Ma Hang , Li Dongli 
Published: July 2024

Background:Sophora flavescens, a traditional Chinese medicine for treating conditions associated with abnormal skin pigmentation, contains flavonoids with inhibitory effects on tyrosinase. However, their mechanisms of action and their modulatory effects on melanogenesis remain unclear.Methods: Herein, a group of prenylated flavonoids was identified from S. flavescens extracts and their inhibitory activities on mushroom tyrosinase were evaluated. The anti-melanogenesis effects of these prenylated flavonoids were investigated in cellular (with murine melanoma cells) and animal (with zebrafish) models.Results: Prenylated flavonoids including isoanhydroicaritin (IAI), kurarinone (KR), and sophoraflavanone G (SG) were the major active constituents in S. flavescens extracts with anti-tyrosinase activity (IC50 = 0.7, 7.1, and 6.7 μM, respectively). Enzyme kinetic assays showed that IAI, KR, and SG had a mixed type of tyrosinase inhibition, supported by data from computational docking. Notably, KR at concentrations of 5 and 10 μM enhanced intracellular tyrosinase activity and stimulated melanin production in B16F10 cells, whereas SG and IAI did not exhibit significant activity. Further studies with the zebrafish model showed that IAI (80 and 160 μM) inhibited melanin biosynthesis by about 30.0% while KR (20 μM) stimulated melanogenesis by 36.9%. Furthermore, a zebrafish depigmentation model supported the anti-melanogenesis effect of IAI (80 and 160 μM) by 33.0% and 34.4%, respectively.Conclusion: In summary, IAI was identified as a tyrosinase inhibitor with an anti-melanogenic effect and KR was an enhancer for melanin production in B16F10 cells and zebrafish. Findings from the current study suggest that IAI and KR from S. flavescens may exert contrasting effects in the modulation of melanin production, providing important insights into the development of S. flavescens as a cosmeceutical or medicinal ingredient.
Can one long peritoneal dwell with icodextrin replace two short dwells with glucose?
Authors: Stachowska-Pietka Joanna , Waniewski Jacek , Olszowska Anna , Garcia-Lopez Elvia , Yan Junfei , Yao Qiang , Wankowicz Zofia , Lindholm Bengt 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundDue to the slower dissipation of the osmotic gradient, icodextrin-based solutions, compared to glucose-based solutions, can improve water removal. We investigated scenarios where one icodextrin-based long dwell (Extraneal) replaced two glucose-based exchanges.MethodsThe three-pore model with icodextrin hydrolysis was used for numerical simulations of a single exchange to investigate the impact of different peritoneal dialysis schedules on fluid and solute removal in patients with different peritoneal solute transfer rates (PSTRs). We evaluated water removal (ultrafiltration, UF), absorbed mass of glucose (AbsGluc) and carbohydrates (AbsCHO, for glucose and glucose polymers), ultrafiltration efficiency (UFE = UF/AbsCHO) per exchange, and specified dwell time, and removed solute mass for sodium (ReNa), urea (ReU), and creatinine (ReCr) for a single peritoneal exchange with 7.5% icodextrin (Extraneal®) and glucose-based solutions (1.36% and 2.27%) and various dwell durations in patients with fast and average PSTRs.ResultsIntroducing 7.5% icodextrin for the long dwell to replace one of three or four glucose-based exchanges per day leads to increased fluid and solute removal and higher UF efficiency for studied transport groups. Replacing two glucose-based exchanges with one icodextrin exchange provides higher or similar water removal and higher daily sodium removal but slightly lower daily removal of urea and creatinine, irrespective of the transport type present in the case of reference prescription with three and four daily exchanges.ConclusionOne 7.5% icodextrin can replace two glucose solutions. Unlike glucose-based solutions, it resulted only in minor differences between PSTR groups in terms of water and solute removal with UFE remaining stable up to 16 h.
Establishing self-concordant goals: a longitudinal study on the influence of ego identity on goal self-concordance
Authors: Cao Lu , Ma Jianhong 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionSelf-concordant goals are those that align closely with an individual’s intrinsic interests and values, driving autonomous motivation, and resulting in higher satisfaction and goal achievement. The relevance of studying the link between ego identity and goal self-concordance lies in understanding how a well-defined ego identity can foster the pursuit of authentic and fulfilling goals.ObjectivesThis study investigates the relationship between ego identity and goal self-concordance, focusing on how individuals’ sense of identity influences their alignment with personal goals.MethodsData were gathered through a cross-sectional analysis of 292 students and a longitudinal follow-up with 98 participants over two intervals.ResultsResults confirmed significant correlations between ego identity status and various dimensions of goal self-concordance. Notably, different ego identity statuses exhibited distinct levels of goal self-concordance, ranked from highest to lowest as follows: identity achievement, achievement-foreclosure intermediate, moratorium, foreclosure, moratorium-diffusion intermediate, and diffusion. Cross-lagged analysis revealed a causal relationship where ego identity influences goal self-concordance, providing insights into the cognitive and behavioral processes involved in goal setting.DiscussionThis study extends the implications of the goal self-concordance model and reveals a causal relationship between ego identity status and goal self-concordance. From a practical perspective, our findings suggest that educational and developmental interventions aimed at supporting identity development and commitment could lead to more self-concordant goal setting. Such programs could ultimately promote greater well-being and personal growth among students.
New policies on skin-to-skin contact warrant an oxytocin-based perspective on perinatal health care
Authors: Bergman Nils J. 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundIn 2023, the World Health Organization (WHO) published a Global Position Paper on Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC), which is applicable to all countries worldwide: from the moment of birth, every “small and sick” newborn should remain with mother in immediate and continuous skin-to-skin contact (SSC), receiving all required clinical care in that place. This was prompted by the startling results of a randomized controlled trial published in 2021: in which 1,609 infants receiving immediate SSC were compared with 1,602 controls that were separated from their mothers but otherwise received identical conventional state-of-the-art care. The intervention infants showed a 25% reduction in mortality after 28 days.New perspectivesThe new WHO guidelines are a significant change from earlier guidance and common clinical practice. The author presents that separating mothers and babies is assumed to be “normal” (a paradigm) but actually puts newborns at increased risk for morbidity and mortality. The author presents arguments and ethical perspectives for a new perspective on what is “normal,” keeping newborns with their mothers is the infant’s physiological expectation and critical requirement for healthy development. The author reviews the scientific rationale for changing the paradigm, based on synchronous interactions of oxytocin on both mother and infant. This follows a critique of the new policies that highlights the role of immediate SSC.Actionable recommendationsThis critique strengthens the case for implementing the WHO guidelines on KMC for small and sick babies. System changes will be necessary in both obstetric and neonatal settings to ensure seamless perinatal care. Based on the role of oxytocin, the author identifies that many current routine care practices may actually contribute to stress and increased vulnerability to the newborn. WHO has actionable recommendations about family involvement and presence in newborn intensive care units.DiscussionThe concepts of resilience and vulnerability have specific definitions well known in perinatal care: the key outcome of care should be resilience rather than merely the absence of vulnerability. Newborns in all settings and contexts need us to re-evaluate our paradigms and adopt and implement the new WHO guidelines on KMC in perinatal care.
An investigation into the influence of context effects on crowd exit selection under gender difference in indoor evacuation
Authors: Teng Qi , Wang Xuan , He Wu , Pan Gaofeng , Mao Yan 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionExit selection is crucial in indoor emergency evacuation. Domestic and foreign scholars have found that exit choice behavior is influenced by three factors: environmental factors, social interactions, and individual internal factors. Previous studies have shown that in addition to a single environmental factor affecting exit decisions, the influence of other available exit options in the context can ultimately lead to a reversal of exit decisions -The context effect. However, the impact of context effects on exit decisions in emergency situations has not been thoroughly explored. Therefore, this article identifies three basic independent variables: context effects, crowd flows, and gender differences, to study the exit decisions of different gender groups facing different crowd flows, as well as how context effects affect existing exit decisions.MethodsIn this paper, we used virtual reality technology to construct an indoor fire scene and designed a total of 15 virtual experiments with different crowd distribution or context effects. 131 participants were divided into two groups, male and female, and their exit decisions were observed under different crowd flows and contextual effects.ResultsThe research results show that: 1) Both men and women have an innate preference to avoid crowded exits, and the proportion of following crowd evacuation significantly decreases when there are crowded crowds in the scene; 2) The exit decisions of female participants are more influenced by the crowd, while men tend to be more influenced by context effects when evacuating independently; 3) The context effects on exit decisions in emergency situations is statistically significant, and this performance is more significant in the male population. Further analysis reveals that similarity effects have a more significant impact on exit decisions than attraction effects.DiscussionsThese findings provide deeper insights into the exit choice behavior of the population and may contribute to the design of safe exits in indoor buildings. In addition, this article emphasizes the importance of context effects and provides a foundation for future research.
The relationship between personality and cognition in older adults with and without early-onset depression
Authors: Armstrong Megan , Kaufman Jack , Maciarz Jeremy , Sullivan Daniel , Kim Joseph , Koppelmans Vincent , Langenecker Scott , Weisenbach Sara L. 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionIt is well established that personality traits impact cognition, as certain personality factors are associated with performance in specific cognitive domains. However, the findings on the relationships between the Big Five traits and cognition are mixed. Additionally, few studies have explored these relationships in older adults with a history of depression. The present study aimed to (a) evaluate the impact of the Big Five personality traits in older adults with and without a lifetime history of depression; and (b) test the hypotheses that higher trait neuroticism would correlate negatively with cognitive performance, while openness to experience would correlate positively with cognition.MethodsThe sample consisted of 138 participants between the ages of 55 and 78 (M = 65.56, SD = 6.36). Sixty-two participants met criteria for current or remitted Major Depressive Disorder, while 76 had no history of depression or other mental health disorders. Participants underwent comprehensive neuropsychological testing. Personality was assessed using the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO-PI-R), while depression status was determined using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID-5). Following a series of Pearson correlations of cognitive variables and the five personality factors, linear regression models were estimated for each significant correlation. Demographic variables (i.e., age, education and sex) were entered in block 1, depression status (never vs. ever) was entered in block 2, and the personality factor score, or sub-facet was entered in block 3.ResultsNeuroticism was not associated with cognitive performance on any outcome measure. The facets Openness to Feelings and Openness to Values were positively related to phonemic fluency. Further Openness to Values was positively related to cognitive flexibility.DiscussionOur results suggest that older people who are (a) more capable of identifying and understanding their feelings and the feelings of others, and (b) who are more willing to re-examine social, political, and religious values perform stronger on tasks measuring verbal fluency and cognitive flexibility, which are aspects of executive functioning. Interventions that aim to enhance open mindedness in older adults may have a parallel impact on improving executive functioning, though this would need to be examined prospectively.
Postpartum depression during the COVID-19 pandemic: an umbrella review and meta-analyses
Authors: Sahebi Ali , Kheiry Maryam , Abdi Kame , Qomi Mahla , Golitaleb Mohamad 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has significantly increased anxiety, stress, and depression, which could have harmful consequences for pregnant women. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of postpartum depression during COVID-19 using an umbrella review and meta-analysis.MethodsThe current study followed the PRISMA guideline and utilized data from various sources such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The searches were conducted without a time limit until the end of May 2023. Meta-analysis was performed using the random effects model, heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 index, and publication bias was evaluated using Begg’s test. Data analysis was carried out using STATA software (version 15).ResultsIn this study, 243 articles were initially identified. Only meta-analysis studies that reported PPD during COVID-19 were included. After quality assessment, nine papers were selected for the meta-analysis stage. The study found that the prevalence postpartum depression (PPD) was 25.27% (95% CI = 23.66–27.86, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.549).ConclusionThe findings of this study revealed that the incidence of PPD during the COVID-19 pandemic was relatively high. To decrease mental health issues among pregnant and postpartum women, healthcare professionals should implement community programs aimed at preventing, promptly identifying, and providing appropriate intervention for pregnant women. This is crucial as pregnant women are particularly vulnerable to psychological distress during infectious disease outbreaks.