bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L’orientation sexuelle dans le droit sur l’adoption
Authors: Coudoing Nadège 
Published: November 2013

Sexual orientation in adoption rights.
Although not dictated by sexual orientation, French statutes do in effect limit adoption access for same sex couples or homosexual individuals. Practical considerations accentuate the phenomenon such as the low number of children available for adoption in France, the reticence in other countries in light of requests from homosexuals, the authorities’ preference for heterosexual applicants. However, positive developments can be considered over the more-or-less long term thanks to the case law influence of the European Court of Human Rights which considers any difference in treatment between homosexuals and heterosexuals in terms of adoption as discriminatory.
Biology of the European oak borer in Michigan, United States of America, with comparisons to the native twolined chestnut borer
Authors: Petrice Toby R. , Haack Robert A. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn 2010–2011, we studied the European oak borer (EOB),Agrilus sulcicollisLacordaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), in Michigan, United States of America, and made comparisons with the native twolined chestnut borer (TLCB),Agrilus bilineatus(Weber). EOB adult flight began and peaked before TLCB. More EOB females were captured on purple and white compared with yellow and green sticky traps. More TLCB females were captured on purple, followed by yellow, green, and white, respectively. Male EOB and TLCB did not show a significant colour preference. EOB completed development primarily from areas of artificially girdled trees where the phloem had died soon after trees were girdled, while TLCB usually developed in areas of girdled trees that had some live phloem present. Both EOB and TLCB successfully attacked and emerged from girdledQuercus albaLinnaeus,Quercus roburLinnaeus, andQuercus rubraLinnaeus (Fagaceae) trees. No live EOB or TLCB were found in two ungirdled and apparently healthyQ. roburtrees that were dissected. EOB attacked and emerged fromQ. alba,Q. robur,Q. rubra, andQuercus velutinaLamarck trap logs. Differences in the pronotal groove and terminal processes can be used to distinguish EOB from TLCB larvae. Five species of parasitoids were reared from EOB and four from TLCB.
Exploiting Apoptosis for Therapeutic Tolerance Induction
Authors: Getts Daniel R. , McCarthy Derrick P. , Miller Stephen D. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Immune tolerance remains the most promising yet elusive strategy for treating immune-mediated diseases. An experimental strategy showing promise in phase 1 clinical studies is the delivery of Ag cross-linked to apoptotic leukocytes using ethylene carbodiimide. This approach originated from demonstration of the profound tolerance-inducing ability of i.v. administered Ag-coupled splenocytes (Ag-SP) in mice, which has been demonstrated to treat T cell–mediated disorders including autoimmunity, allergy, and transplant rejection. Recent studies have defined the intricate interplay between the innate and adaptive immune systems in Ag-SP tolerance induction. Innate mechanisms include scavenger receptor–mediated uptake of Ag-SP by host APCs, Ag representation, and the required upregulation of PD-L1 expression and IL-10 production by splenic marginal zone macrophages leading to Ag-specific T cell regulation via the combined effects of cell-intrinsic anergy and regulatory T cell induction. In this paper, we discuss the history, advantages, current mechanistic understanding, and clinical potential of tolerance induction using apoptotic Ag-coupled apoptotic leukocytes.
Specificity of Transfer in Basic and Applied Perceptual-Motor Tasks
Authors: Proctor Robert W. , Dunston Phillip S. , So Joey C. Y. , Lopez-Santamaria Bessy N. , Yamaguchi Motonori , Wang Xiangyu 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
We conducted research on transfer of skills using basic stimulus-response compatibility tasks and applied tasks requiring control of a hydraulic excavator simulator. The basic tasks show rapid acquisition of practiced spatial mappings, for which transfer is specific to the procedures used in training. The applied tasks show transfer across alternative control configurations that maintain practiced spatial mappings, as well as from part to whole practice. Transfer from simulated to real equipment also seems to occur; however, studies involving cooperation of academia and industry are needed to provide more definitive evidence on this question.
Examining the Relationship Between Knowing and Doing: Training for Improving Food Choices
Authors: Wohldmann Erica L. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Food is essential for maintaining human life; however, our food choices can have negative impacts on the health of our bodies and our planet. For example, obesity and diet-related diseases are increasing at alarming rates. In addition, agricultural chemicals are detectable in many rivers and streams, contaminating drinking water. Thus, understanding what factors contribute to food choices is essential for those interested in social change. This article reviews some principles of learning and memory and how applications of those principles contribute to our understanding of food choices. Experiments that examine different ways to promote learning, retention, and generalization of knowledge, specifically focused on ways to enhance learning of nutritional information and food choices, are also reviewed. The practical applications of this research to training, health, and public policy are also discussed.
Population Subdivision, Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium and the Wahlund Effect
Authors: Garnier‐Géré Pauline , Chikhi Lounès 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAfter having introduced the Hardy–Weinberg principle and its underlying assumptions, the authors describe the main causes of departures from equilibrium. They then stress the importance of species subdivision into different local subpopulations/demes. This geographical structure affects allele frequencies over space and consequently the proportions of different genotypes in the local populations. It leads to the Wahlund effect, which can be defined as the excess of homozygotes or the deficit in heterozygotes observed in a sample of individuals obtained from a structured population, even when the local populations are randomly mating. Finally, the authors briefly outline the extension of the Wahlund effect at two loci and its consequences in association studies.Key Concepts:The Hardy–Weinberg principle states that genotype frequencies can be predicted from gene/allele frequencies and remain constant over generations in random‐mating populations under the simple assumptions of no mutation, selection or migration.Many deviations from random mating can be observed in natural populations, such as assortative mating or other mating systems that lead to inbreeding or outbreeding.Species subdivision (into subpopulations, social groups and families) is also a common pattern encountered in natural populations that can cause substantial spatial genetic structure and departure from random mating depending on the sampling unit.The Wahlund effect is both the apparent excess of homozygotes and the deficit of heterozygotes observed at single locus data in a large ‘sample’ of individuals due to the existence of population subdivision.The Wahlund effect can be extended at multiple loci where it leads to an apparent excess of double homozygotes and either an excess or a deficit of heterozygote combinations, depending on allele frequency variation at different loci across populations.An important consequence of the Wahlund effect due to unknown population stratification is the creation of allelic association or linkage disequilibrium between different loci in the total sample of individuals.Unknown population structure can, therefore, have a major impact on association studies by creating false‐positive tests, and a large range of methods have been developed that allow to correct or control genetic structure.Population structure and sampling units (or sampling strategy) are increasingly recognised as important factors when making inference in population genetics under models that assume HW and ignore structure.
Data‐driven loop‐shaping design of PID controllers for stable plants
Authors: Saeki M. 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYIn this paper, a loop‐shaping design method of PID controllers is proposed for stable plants under the condition that the plant is linear time invariant and a finite‐time plant response is available. The integral gain of the PID controller is maximized subject to a stability margin constraint, and the optimal solution can be found by linear programming. A filter bank is used for extracting useful information from the finite‐time response data. Numerical examples show that this method is applicable to a wide range of plants including non‐minimum phase and/or time‐delay plants. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transgression and Progress in China: Wang Shu and the Literati Mindset
Authors: Denison Edward , Ren Guangyu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe 2012 Pritzker Prize winner, Wang Shu, often builds in stone with a sensitivity to site and context – characteristics that are not often associated with the marginal or cutting edge. Architectural authors and researchers Edward Denison and Guangyu Ren explain how in China, where ‘mainstream mediocrity’ has become the norm, Wang Shu has set himself apart as an advocate for meaningful innovation and originality.
Citadels of Freedom: Lina Bo Bardi's SESC Pompéia Factory Leisure Centre and Teatro Oficina, São Paulo
Authors: Sara Rachel 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTransgression is by implication transdisciplinary, slipping beyond accepted boundaries. Rachel Sara describes how Brazilian architect Lina Bo Bardi designed her buildings in a state of ‘incompleteness’, so as to be ready for a collaborative occupancy in ‘recognition that the users' experiences construct the architecture as much as the architect herself’.
Effect of Grain Refiners and Casting Thickness on the Microstructure Development and Mechanical Properties of DSC‐Cast AZ31B Magnesium Strips**
Authors: Palkowski Heinz , Akdesir Mithat 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis study aims at enhancing subsequent hot rolling properties of AZ31B by reducing the grain size using grain refinement agents (C, SiC, AlSr10, and AlTi5B1) as well as different cast thicknesses. The AZ31B magnesium alloy samples were cast in a direct strip casting process (DSC). The microstructure investigations such as the grain size measurement and the distribution of the secondary precipitates were characterized using light optical microscope (LOM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Furthermore, the mechanical properties were determined using tensile and Vickers hardness test. Adding a certain amount of each refiner to an AZ31B alloy leads to a significant reduction of the grain size in the cast structure. As a result of the higher cooling rate at the bottom side the grain size is reduced in comparison to the upper side (convection heat transfer with the protecting gas) across the strip thickness. The minimal grain size was found when using AlTi5B1 master alloy where the grain size is (67 ± 5) µm at the bottom side, whereas it reaches (110 ± 10) µm upside of the strip. At the bottom side and center of the strip can be observed a homogeneous precipitates distribution and similar precipitation rate, size, and distribution in comparison to the upperside. Using SiC powder and AlTi5B1 master alloy refining agents the maximal hardness values compared to the other types of agents were reached. The hardness profile confirms the grain size results considering the temperature gradient across the cast thickness. However, optimum tensile properties were found between bottom side and middle layer.
Synthesis of 1,4‐Benzoxazepine Derivatives via a Novel Domino Aziridine Ring‐Opening and Isocyanide‐Insertion Reaction
Authors: Ji Fei , Lv Mei‐fang , Yi Wen‐bin , Cai Chun 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA novel and efficient domino process has been developed for the synthesis of 1,4‐benzoxazepine derivatives from a range of readily accessible N‐tosylaziridines, 2‐iodophenols and isocyanides. This process involves the aziridine ring‐opening reaction with 2‐iodophenol, followed by a palladium‐catalyzed isocyanide‐insertion reaction. This regioselective and high‐yielding transformation could be extended to its application for the synthesis of natural products and biologically interesting heterocycles.magnified image
Acute aortic dissections with pregnancy in women with ACTA2 mutations
Authors: Regalado Ellen S. , Guo Dong‐chuan , Estrera Anthony L. , Buja L. Maximilian , Milewicz Dianna M. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTMutations in ACTA2 predispose to thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissection as well as coronary artery and cerebrovascular disease. Here we examined the risk of aortic dissections, stroke and myocardial infarct with pregnancy in women with ACTA2 mutations. Of the 53 women who had a total of 137 pregnancies, eight had aortic dissections in the third trimester or the postpartum period (6% of pregnancies). One woman also had a myocardial infarct that occurred during pregnancy that was independent of her aortic dissection. Compared to the population‐based frequency of peripartum aortic dissections of 0.6%, the rate of peripartum aortic dissections in women with ACTA2 mutations is much higher (8 out of 39; 20%). Six of these dissections initiated in the ascending aorta (Stanford type A), three were fatal. Three women had ascending aortic dissections at diameters less that 5.0 cm (range 3.8–4.7 cm). Aortic pathology showed mild to moderate medial degeneration of the aorta in three women. Of note, five of the women had hypertension either during or before the pregnancy. In summary, the majority of women with ACTA2 mutations did not have aortic or other vascular complications with pregnancy. However, these findings show that pregnancy is associated with significant risk for aortic dissection in women with ACTA2 mutations. Women with ACTA2 mutations who are planning to get pregnant should be counseled about this risk of aortic dissection, and proper clinical management should be initiated to reduce this risk. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chronology of fusion of the primary and secondary ossification centers in the human sacrum and age estimation in child and adolescent skeletons
Authors: Cardoso Hugo F.V. , Pereira Vanessa , Rios Luís 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTLittle is known about fusion times of the primary and secondary centers of ossification in the sacrum, particularly from dry bone observations. In this study, the timing of union of these centers was studied in a sample of modern Portuguese skeletons (90 females and 101 males) between the ages of 0 and 30 years, taken from the Lisbon documented skeletal collection. A three‐stage scheme was used to assess fusion status between ossification centers as unfused, partially fused and completely fused. Posterior probability tables of age, given a certain stage of fusion, were calculated for most anatomical locations studied using both reference and uniform priors. Partial union of primary centers of ossification was observed from 1 to 8 years of age and partial union of secondary centers of ossification was observed from 15 to 21 years of age. The first primary centers of ossification to complete fusion are the neural arch with the centrum of the fifth sacral vertebrae and the last are the costal element with the centrum of the first sacral vertebra. The annular and sacroiliac epiphyses are the first, among the secondary centers of ossification observed, to complete fusion, after which the lateral margin fuses. This study offers information on timing of fusion of diverse locations in the developing sacrum useful for age estimation of complete or fragmented immature human skeletal remains and fills an important gap in the literature, by adding to previously published times of fusion of primary and secondary ossification centers in this sample. Am J Phys Anthropol 153:214–225, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of mentoring medical students on scholarly productivity
Authors: Svider Peter F. , Husain Qasim , Mauro Kevin M. , Folbe Adam J. , Baredes Soly , Eloy Jean Anderson 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundOur objectives were to evaluate collaboration with medical students and other nondoctoral authors, and assess whether mentoring such students influences the academic productivity of senior authors.MethodsSix issues of the Laryngoscope and International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology (IFAR) were examined for the corresponding author of each manuscript, and whether any students were involved in authorship. The h‐index of all corresponding authors was calculated using the Scopus database to compare the scholarly impact of authors collaborating with students and those collaborating exclusively with other physicians or doctoral‐level researchers.ResultsOf 261 Laryngoscope manuscripts, 71.6% had exclusively physician or doctoral‐level authors, 9.2% had “students” (nondoctoral‐level authors) as first authors, and another 19.2% involved “student” authors. Corresponding values for IFAR manuscripts were 57.1%, 6.3%, and 36.5%. Corresponding authors who collaborated with students had higher scholarly impact, as measured by the h‐index, than those collaborating exclusively with physicians and doctoral‐level scientists in both journals.ConclusionCollaboration with individuals who do not have doctoral‐level degrees, presumably medical students, has a strong association with scholarly impact among researchers publishing in the Laryngoscope and IFAR. Research mentorship of medical students interested in otolaryngology may allow a physician‐scientist to evaluate the students’ effectiveness and functioning in a team setting, a critical component of success in residency training, and may have beneficial effects on research productivity for the senior author.
Effect of nanosilver on the photodegradation of poly(lactic acid)
Authors: Mucha Maria , Bialas Sylwia , Kaczmarek Halina 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe poly(lactic acid), PLA, mixed with nanosilver in solution easily forms nanocomposite in solid state (after solvent evaporation), which was proved by UV–Vis spectroscopy. This work focuses on photodegradation occurring in PLA films doped with nanosilver. The changes in chemical structure of photodegraded PLA has been determined using FTIR spectroscopy. Differential scanning calorimetry of UV‐irradiated PLA samples provided information on polymer glass transition and crystallization/melting processes. It was found that PLA alone is more sensitive to photodegradation than PLA/silver nanocomposites. The mechanism of nanocomposite photodegradation and effect of nanosilver was discussed. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40144.
Microarray platform affords improved product analysis in mammalian cell growth studies
Authors: Datta Payel , Meli Luciana , Li Lingyun , Migliore Nicole , Schaefer Eugene , Sharfstein Susan T. , Dordick Jonathan S. , Linhardt Robert J. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractHigh throughput (HT) platforms serve as a cost‐efficient and rapid screening method for evaluating the effect of cell‐culture conditions and screening of chemicals. We report the development of a HT cell‐based microarray platform to assess the effect of culture conditions on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Specifically, growth, transgene expression and metabolism of a GS/methionine sulphoximine (MSX) CHO cell line, which produces a therapeutic monoclonal antibody, was examined using a microarray system in conjunction with a conventional shake flask platform in a non‐proprietary medium. The microarray system consists of 60‐nL spots of cells encapsulated in alginate and separated in groups via an 8‐well chamber system attached to the chip. Results show the non‐proprietary medium developed allows cell growth, production, and normal glycosylation of recombinant antibody and metabolism of the recombinant CHO cells in both the microarray and shake flask platforms. In addition, 10.3 mM glutamate addition to the defined base medium results in lactate metabolism shift in the recombinant GS/MSX CHO cells in the shake flask platform. Ultimately, the results demonstrate that the HT microarray platform has the potential to be utilized for evaluating the impact of media additives on cellular processes, such as cell growth, metabolism, and productivity.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of oesophageal Doppler-guided fluid management in colorectal surgery
Authors: Srinivasa S , Lemanu D P , Singh P P , Taylor M H G , Hill A G 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background
Oesophageal Doppler monitor (ODM)-guided fluid therapy has been recommended for routine use in patients undergoing colorectal surgery. However, recent trials have suggested either equivalent or inferior results for patients randomized to ODM-guided fluid management, especially when compared with fluid restriction or within the context of optimized perioperative care. Hence, an updated systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted.

Methods
A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted of all randomized trials exploring ODM-guided fluid management in major colorectal surgery with the endpoints total complications and length of hospital stay (LOS). Subset analyses were planned a priori specifically to investigate the role of the ODM in the context of fluid restriction or optimized perioperative care.

Results
Six high-quality trials comprising a total of 691 patients were included in the final analysis. ODM-guided fluid therapy did not influence the incidence of complications (odds ratio 0·74, 95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 0·50 to 1·11; P = 0·15), with moderate heterogeneity in the results (I2 = 33 per cent; P = 0·19). There was no difference in mean LOS between patients receiving ODM-guided fluid therapy and controls: mean difference −0·88 (95 per cent c.i. –2·89 to 1·13) days (P = 0·39). There was no difference in complications or LOS when ODM-guided fluid therapy was compared with fluid restriction or used within an otherwise optimized perioperative environment.

Conclusion
ODM-guided fluid therapy did not influence LOS or complications in patients undergoing colorectal surgery. Results favouring the ODM were seen only in early studies, whereas newer trials did not show any benefit from such monitoring.