bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supervised Group-Based Exercise for Preventing Falls Among Older Adults in the Community
Authors: Zhou Jianhong , Yu Ming , Zheng Yali , Zhou Xiaoyue 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Supervised group exercise may have greater health benefits than no exercise or exercise alone.

Purpose:
The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the effectiveness of supervised group-based exercise on the risk of falls among community-dwelling older adults compared to no exercise or exercise alone.

Methods:
Four databases were searched up to March 1, 2024 for eligible randomized controlled trials.

Results:
Seventeen randomized controlled trials were eligible for this meta-analysis. Meta-analyses showed that compared with no exercise, supervised group-based exercise had a significant effect on preventing falls, injurious falls, and fall-related fractures. Compared with exercise alone, supervised group-based exercise significantly reduced falls and injurious falls.

Conclusions:
Moderate-quality evidence suggests that compared with no exercise or exercise alone, supervised group-based exercise is more effective at preventing falls among community-dwelling older adults.
Graduated Autonomy of Laparoscopic Liver Resection Based on Liver Resection Complexity: a Western and Eastern Bi-Institution Study for Learning Curve
Authors: Mazzotta Alessandro D , Kawaguchi Yoshikuni , Ito Kyoij , Abe Satoru , Diab Samer , Tribillon Ecoline , Gayet Brice , Hasegawa Kiyoshi , Soubrane Olivier 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:
Laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) requires a high degree of expertise in both hepatobiliary and minimally invasive surgery. Our group previously reportwed a 3-level LLR complexity classification based on intrapostoperative outcomes: grade I (low), grade II (intermediate), and grade III (high). We evaluated the learning curve effect in each complexity grade to assess the experience needed for a surgeon to safely progress through the grades.

STUDY DESIGN:
Patients who underwent LLR during 1994 to 2020 at the Institut Mutualiste Montsouris and the University of Tokyo during 2008 to 2023 were included in the study. The learning curve for operating time was evaluated using the standardized (cumulative sum) analysis for each complexity grade.

RESULTS:
A total of 503 patients (grade I, 198; grade II, 87; and grade III, 218) at the Institut Mutualiste Montsouris and 221 patients (grade I, 135; grade II, 57; and grade III, 29) at the University of Tokyo met the inclusion criteria. The cumulative sum analysis showed that the deviation of operating time was found up to 40 cases for grade I resections, 30 cases for grade II resections, and 50 cases for grade III resections. By dividing cohorts based on these numbers for each group and each institution and labeling these cases as the prelearning groups and the remaining as the postlearning group, surgical outcomes and postoperative complications were generally improved in the postlearning groups in both institutions.

CONCLUSIONS:
A gradual progression in LLR per complexity grade as follow: 40 cases of low grade I procedures before starting intermediate complexity grade II procedures, and 30 cases of intermediate complexity grade II procedures before starting high complexity grade III procedures may ensure a safe implementation of high complexity LLR procedures.
Effects of Virtual Online Physical Education on Physical Fitness: Insights from a Gender Perspective in a Chinese University
Authors: Ao-wei Zhang , Gong Shijun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundWith rapid advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Virtual Online (VO) technologies in the field of education, Virtual Online Physical Education (VPE) as a novel instructional mode is gradually gaining traction. However, systematic research on the specific impacts of online physical education on the physical fitness of university students, particularly within the context of Chinese students, remains scarce.ObjectiveThis study aims to explore the effects of Virtual Online Physical Education on the physical fitness of university students, focusing on assessing its impacts on Body Mass Index (BMI), lung capacity, aerobic capacity, flexibility, explosive strength, and muscular strength, while analyzing gender differences.MethodsA total of 17,000 undergraduate students from a university in southern China were involved in an 8-month Virtual Online Physical Education intervention. Paired-sample t-tests were employed to analyze changes in physical fitness data before and after the intervention, with stratified analysis by gender.ResultsFollowing the intervention, students showed a significant increase in BMI (p < 0.05) and a significant decrease in lung capacity (p < 0.01). Aerobic capacity improved significantly in male students (p < 0.05) but declined in female students (p < 0.05). Flexibility and explosive strength improved significantly in all students (p < 0.01), while muscular strength (sit-ups for females and pull-ups for males) slightly decreased (p < 0.05). Gender analysis revealed that females exhibited more significant improvements in flexibility and explosive strength, whereas males demonstrated better enhancement in aerobic capacity.ConclusionThis study reveals the potential and limitations of Virtual Online Physical Education in enhancing the physical fitness of university students, particularly highlighting significant gender differences. While VPE excels in promoting flexibility and explosive strength, its effectiveness in managing BMI and improving cardiorespiratory function is limited. Future research and practices should focus on personalized training program designs and further explore how new technologies can enhance the effectiveness of Virtual Online physical education to comprehensively promote students’ physical fitness.
What keeps male amateur rugby union players committed to the game despite high risk of injury? A qualitative study
Authors: Lane Samuel Jake , Ayre Colin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectivesRugby Union is a popular sport worldwide characterised by high intensity full contact match play. Injuries are common during matches and training. While musculoskeletal injury is expected in such a sport, there is emerging research evidence and increased public awareness of neurodegenerative disease risks. The objectives of the present study are to explore reasons for continued participation despite high risk of injury, gain understanding of perceived importance of participation and insight into why players may play with chronic injury.Design10 male amateur rugby union players in Gloucestershire and Yorkshire aged 30±5.75 with 20±6.93 years of playing experience participated in semi-structured interviews with subsequent thematic analysis of transcripts.Results4 major themes of identity, community, risk acceptance, and uniqueness of rugby were identified. None of the players reported plans to reduce participation in rugby.ConclusionsDespite risks of injury there were no plans to reduce participation amongst players interviewed. Benefits gained from rugby are abundant and meaningful to players. Understanding these beliefs is helpful for medical staff supporting players, especially through injury. Overall, commitment to amateur rugby union remains strong despite new knowledge of the long-term risks involved. The findings show that amateur rugby union remains a popular sport with benefits extending beyond physical activity.HighlightsThere are 4 key themes regarding commitment to participation in male amateur rugby union despite risk of injury, regardless of new insights of potential long term injury risk and available injury epidemiology dataCurrent players remain firmly committed to playing citing more benefits than negatives.Knowledge of risks is limited in the playing population recruited. This is significant as it highlights an issue that needs to be addressed regarding players ability to make an informed choice about their involvement in the game.
Cell-free screening, production and animal testing of a STI-related chlamydial major outer membrane protein supported in Nanolipoproteins
Authors: Mohagheghi Mariam , Abisoye-Ogunniyan Abisola , Evans Angela C. , Peterson Alex , Bude Greg , Hoang-Phou Steven , Vannest Byron Dillon , Hall Dominique , Rasley Amy , Fischer Nicholas , He Wei , Robinson Beverly , Pal Sukumar , Slepenkin Anatoli , de la Maza Luis , Coleman Matthew A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractVaccine development against Chlamydia, a prevalent sexually transmitted infection (STI), is imperative due to its global public health impact. However, significant challenges arise in the production of effective subunit vaccine based on recombinant protein antigens, particularly with membrane proteins like the Major Outer Membrane Protein (MOMP). Cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) technology is an attractive method to address these challenges as a method of high-throughput membrane protein and protein complex production coupled with nanolipoprotein particles (NLPs). NLPs provides a supporting scaffold while allowing easy adjuvant addition during formulation. Over the last decade we have been working toward production and characterization of MOMP-NLP complexes for vaccine testing. The work presented here highlights the expression and biophysical analyses, including transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS), confirm formation and functionality of MOMP-NLP complexes for use in animal studies. Moreover, immunization studies in preclinical models compare the past and present protective efficacy of MOMP-NLP formulations, particularly when co-adjuvanted with CpG and FSL1. Ex vivo assessments further highlight the immunomodulatory effects of MOMP-NLP vaccinations, emphasizing their potential in eliciting robust immune responses. However, further research is warranted to further optimize vaccine formulations, validate efficacy againstChlamydia trachomatis, and better understand underlying mechanisms of immune response.
Offshore Wind and Aerofauna: Avoidance Remains the Best Bet Amid Limited Mitigation Evidence
Authors: Gulka Julia , Knapp Steve , Soccorsi Anna , Avery-Gomm Stephanie , Knaga Paul , Williams Kathryn A. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTOffshore wind energy (OSW) development is a vital strategy for reducing global reliance on fossil fuels but also poses environmental challenges that require mitigation. A diversity of approaches exist for mitigating (e.g., avoiding, minimizing, or compensating for) the effects of OSW development on aerofauna (birds and bats), but little is known about the effectiveness of many of these approaches. To address this knowledge gap, we reviewed the scientific and gray literature to evaluate the evidence base for proposed mitigation approaches for OSW and aerofauna. Given limited data from the OSW sector, we included studies from other industries where relevant (e.g., terrestrial wind energy, offshore oil and gas industry, other maritime and terrestrial industries). Of a total of 211 mitigation approaches relevant to OSW that were described in 183 source documents, most approaches focused on minimization, with far fewer addressing avoidance or compensation. Sixty-one percent (128 approaches) had no evidence of being tested in the reviewed literature. Of the 83 mitigation approaches that were field tested or implemented, we found evidence of effectiveness for only 41 approaches. This included approaches tested and implemented in other industry contexts; however, specific to the OSW sector, we found evidence of effectiveness for only 10 approaches. Consequently, 86% of all the mitigation approaches identified in this review lacked any evidence of effectiveness. For birds, minimization approaches related to lighting (e.g., reducing artificial light, avoiding white and steady-burning lights) were the most tested and effective methods for reducing maladaptive attraction and collisions. For bats, minimization approaches involving adjustments to turbine operations (e.g., curtailment and feathering of turbine blades) were most tested and effective methods for reducing collisions. Given the limited evidence of effectiveness for most approaches, dedicated testing of mitigation measures is urgently needed to mitigate the environmental challenges posed by the OSW industry. Until such evidence becomes available, avoidance of effects (via careful siting of industrial activity and related measures) remains the single best available option for mitigating impacts to aerofauna. To fully address the effects of OSW development on aerofauna, compensation and offset strategies should also be further explored.
Genomic and biological panoramas of non-muscle actinopathies
Authors: Di Donato Nataliya ,   NMA Consortium, Thom Andrew , Rump Andreas , Greve Johannes N. , Kropp Marcus , Cadiñanos Juan , Calabro Salvatore , Cathey Sara , Chung Brian , Cope Heidi , Costales Maria , Cuvertino Sara , Dinkel Philine , Erripi Kalliopi , Fry Andrew E. , Garavelli Livia , Guan Kaomei , Hoffjan Sabine , Janzarik Wibke G. , Koenig Matti , Kreimer Insa , Kuenzel Karolina , Mancini Grazia , Marin-Reina Purificacion , Meinhardt Andrea , Niehaus Indra , Pilz Daniela , Ricca Ivana , Simarro Fernando Santos , Schrock Evelin , Marquardt Anja , Taft Manuel H. , Tezcan Kamer , Thunström Sofia , Verhagen Judith , Verloes Alain , Wollnik Bernd , Krawitz Peter , Hsieh Tzung-Chien , Zeef Leo , Seifert Michael , Heide Michael , Lawrence Catherine B. , Roberts Neil , Manstein Dietmar , Woolf Adrian S. , Banka Siddharth 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundCytoskeletal non-muscle actin isoforms are the most abundant intracellular proteins and extensively interact with other molecules. Biological consequences and genotype-phenotype correlations of the variants in genes encoding these isoforms, ACTB and ACTG1, are not delineated.MethodsClinical data analysis from 290 individuals with pathogenic ACTB/ACTG1 variants; characterization of patient cells, mutant proteins, patient-derived iPSC-based models and mutant mice.ResultsWe show that ACTB and ACTG1 variants have distinct clinical profiles. ACTB nonsense, frameshift and missense variants that lead to rapid protein degradation result in milder phenotypes. Heterozygous Actb knockout causes altered neuronal cell morphology and abnormal expression of actin-related genes in newborn mouse brains. Truncating ACTG1 variants are likely to be non-pathogenic, but chromosomal deletions encompassing ACTG1 and flanking genes may result in susceptibility to neurodevelopmental phenotypes. Subsets of disease-causing ACTB missense variants (MVs) result in more severe Type 1 Baraitser-Winter Cerebrofrontofacial (BWCFF1) or Deafness Dystonia syndromes. Pathogenic ACTG1 MVs cause BWCFF2 or isolated hearing loss. These amino acid substitutions are associated with dramatically dysregulated actin polymerization and depolymerization dynamics and, in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) derived models, lead to neuronal migration defects. A significant subset of MVs result in disorders that cannot yet be classified into recognizable groups.ConclusionsACTB or ACTG1 variants and result in minimum eight mechanistically diverse non-muscle actinopathies. These results will improve their diagnosis and management, and pave the way for new treatment strategies. This study reflects the scale of collaborative clinical studies and multi-modal mechanistic studies required to dissect rare allelic disorders.
Likely cross-border introductions of MPXV Clade I into the Republic of the Congo from the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Yinda Claude Kwe , Koukouikila-Koussounda Félix , Mayengue Pembe Issamou , Elenga Golmard Reiche , Greene Benjamin , Ochwoto Missiani , Indolo Ghislain Dzeret , Thiécesse Mavoungou Yanne Vanessa , Eyenet Boussam Dachel Aymard , Vishnou Ampiri Bani Reize , Mapanguy Mfoutou Chastel Claujens , Kianguebeni Mbouala Yvanhe Deho , Ntoumi Francine , Kankou Jean-Médard , Munster Vincent J. , Niama Fabien Roch 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundMpox virus (MPXV) Clade I is endemic in several central African countries and characterized by severe disease and high mortality. Since October 2023, a large-scale Mpox outbreak has emerged in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), with 22,477 cases and 1,038 deaths reported as of May 26, 2024, and World Health organization (WHO) has declared mpox a public health emergency of international concern on august 14 2024. Twenty-three provinces in the DRC have been affected, 15 of which border another country, including the Republic of the Congo (RoC). The RoC is bordered by five of these affected provinces, increasing the risk of cross-border spread. In the RoC, Mpox cases have historically occurred in the endemic areas of the Likouala department in the north. Recently, suspected cases have emerged outside this region, and it is unclear if these cases are recent spillover events from the DRC outbreaks. Therefore, we performed molecular analyses of these cases in the RoC.MethodsSamples were collected from suspected cases between January and April 29, 2024, in Likouala, Cuvette-Centralle, and Pointe-Noire. Blood samples, skin/oropharyngeal swabs or skin crusts were obtained for molecular diagnosis at the Laboratoire National de Santé Publique (LNSP), Brazzaville. MPXV sequences were obtained and analyzed using newly established Nanopore sequencing methodology and bioinformatic pipeline.FindingsPhylogenetic analysis of sequences shows the clustering of MPXV sequences obtained from cases in RoC with sequences from the ongoing Mpox outbreak in the DRC. In addition, sequences from the RoC show multiple phylogenetic positioning suggesting the occurrence of multiple co-circulating strains in the human population.InterpretationThe close genetic relatedness between sequences from RoC and those from DRC indicates a possible cross-border transmission of MPXV from DRC to RoC. These data highlight the need for implementation of expanded surveillance in countries bordering DRC and RoC, in combination with control measures focused at containing the current outbreaks in DRC and RoC to prevent escalation into a larger-scale epidemic.FundingThis research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH).
Qualitative assessment of the citizen science approach to foster public partnerships for pandemic preparedness and response in South and Southeast Asian countries
Authors: Kumar Dinesh , Hauter Ingo , Canlas Felipe C. , Sunaryoko Firli Yogiteten , Maharjan Gyanu Raja , Anowar Md. Mazharul , Khosa Harjyot , Tan Yi-Roe , Yap Peiling 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCitizen science (CS) promotes the inclusion of diverse stakeholders and offers a scientific in-depth understanding of community engagement to build trust, increase knowledge, and facilitate policymaking. Study aimed to understand concepts, practices, approaches, and sustainability issues of CS among citizens in five South and Southeast Asian countries. Qualitative study from October 2022 to March 2023 was carried in Nepal, Bangladesh, India, Philippines, and Indonesia. In each country, four focus group discussions were conducted with an overall total of 130 participants. Content analysis and coding were carried out for narrative responses of participants. Across all countries, the participants collectively comprehended the term "research" while referring to CS. Participants also related social responsibility and capacity building of citizens to CS. In terms of their contributions to pandemic response, participants stated compliance with government guidelines, helping to create awareness, and providing necessary support and assistance. Participants value personal achievement, satisfaction, happiness, and a chance to build social capital while participating in CS activities. Participants were ready to actively contribute to CS activities and share their opinions with stakeholders such as policymakers and researchers but felt that a lack of personal confidence, ineffective communication, and insufficient translation of their opinions to actions could deter them. Creation of an organization or network, provision of budget for activities, incentives to participants, and transportation assistance were considered as resources needed for the sustainability of CS. Participants expressed their readiness for CS activities considering personal and social factors, while systemic support is needed for sustained participation.
Keratinocyte-Derived Exosomes in Painful Diabetic Neuropathy
Authors: Coy-Dibley James , Jayaraj Nirupa D. , Ren Dongjun , Pacifico Paola , Belmadani Abdelhak , Wang Yi-Zhi , Gebis Kamil K. , Savas Jeffrey N. , Paller Amy S. , Miller Richard J. , Menichella Daniela M. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTPainful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is a challenging complication of diabetes with patients experiencing a painful and burning sensation in their extremities. Existing treatments provide limited relief without addressing the underlying mechanisms of the disease. PDN involves the gradual degeneration of nerve fibers in the skin. Keratinocytes, the most abundant epidermal cell type, are closely positioned to cutaneous nerve terminals, suggesting the possibility of bi-directional communication. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles released from many cell types that mediate cell to cell communication. The role of keratinocyte-derived exosomes (KDEs) in influencing signaling between the skin and cutaneous nerve terminals and their contribution to the genesis of PDN has not been explored. In this study, we characterized KDEs in a well-established high-fat diet (HFD) mouse model of PDN using primary adult mouse keratinocyte cultures. We obtained highly enriched KDEs through size exclusion chromatography and then analyzed their molecular cargo using proteomic analysis and small RNA sequencing. We found significant differences in the protein and microRNA content of HFD KDEs compared to KDEs obtained from control mice on a regular diet (RD), including pathways involved in axon guidance and synaptic transmission. Additionally, using anin vivoconditional extracellular vesicle (EV) reporter mouse model, we demonstrated that epidermal-originating GFP-tagged KDEs are retrogradely trafficked into the DRG neuron cell body. Overall, our study presents a potential novel mode of communication between keratinocytes and DRG neurons in the skin, revealing a possible role for KDEs in contributing to the axonal degeneration that underlies neuropathic pain in PDN. Moreover, this study presents potential therapeutic targets in the skin for developing more effective, disease-modifying, and better-tolerated topical interventions for patients suffering from PDN, one of the most common and untreatable peripheral neuropathies.