bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two randomized controlled trials of SB742457 in mild‐to‐moderate Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Maher‐Edwards Gareth , Watson Carolyn , Ascher John , Barnett Carly , Boswell Diane , Davies John , Fernandez Manuel , Kurz Alexander , Zanetti Orazio , Safirstein Beth , Schronen Juan Paul , Zvartau‐Hind Marina , Gold Michael 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundTwo previous studies of SB742457, a 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT6) receptor antagonist, suggested the efficacy of improvements in cognition and global outcome in Alzheimer's disease (AD).MethodsTwo randomized, placebo‐controlled trials investigated SB742457 15 and 35 mg daily in subjects with mild‐to‐moderate AD (Mini‐Mental Health State Examination [MMSE] 10–26). Study 1 (n = 576) investigated SB742457 and donepezil (5–10 mg daily) as monotherapy for 6 months. Study 2 (n = 684) investigated SB742457 in subjects who were maintained on donepezil. Coprimary endpoints at 24 weeks assessed cognition (AD Assessment Scale‐Cognitive Subscale [ADAS‐Cog]) and global outcome (Study 1: Clinician Interview‐Based Impression of Change Plus Caregiver Input [CIBIC+]; Study 2: Clinical Dementia Rating‐Sum of Boxes [CDR‐SB]). Safety was assessed throughout.ResultsBoth studies failed to achieve formal statistical significance for their primary objectives. Study 1: SB742457 monotherapy was not statistically significantly different from placebo on any endpoint. Donepezil improved CIBIC+ but not ADAS‐Cog. Study 2: SB742457 35 mg showed statistically significant differences relative to placebo for ADAS‐cog (weeks 12, 24, and 48, but not week 36), ADCS‐ADL (weeks 12–36, but not week 48), and CDR‐SB (week 12 only).ConclusionNeither study met the overall criteria for success, but as an adjunct to donepezil, SB742457 was associated with sustained improvements for up to 48 weeks in cognition and ADL, compared with donepezil alone.Clinical Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov: Study 1 NCT00708552; Study 2 NCT00710684.
Protective effects of l-carnitine on astheno- and normozoospermic human semen samples during cryopreservation
Authors: Zhang Wei , Li Feng , Cao Haifeng , Li Chuyan , Du Congqi , Yao Lingnv , Mao Huan , Lin Wenqin 
Published: June 2015

SummaryThis study was conducted to determine the effects of l-carnitine (LC), as an antioxidant, in preventing spermatozoa damage during the freezing–thawing process in both astheno- and normozoospermic human semen samples. Seventy semen samples (37 asthenozoospermic and 33 normozoospermic) were involved in this study. Cryopreservation medium supplemented with 1.0 g/l LC was mixed with semen at a ratio of 1:1 (v/v). Controls were cryopreserved with freezing medium only. Assessment of motility, viability (VIA), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and DNA fragmentation index (DFI) were performed on aliquots of fresh semen, frozen–thawed control and frozen–thawed LC treated samples. Supplementation of the cryopreservation medium with LC induced a significant improvement in post-thaw sperm parameters in both the asthenozoospermic and normozoospermic semen samples, compared with those of the control, regarding sperm fast forward motility, forward motility, total motility and VIA. LC showed better protective effects towards asthenozoospermia for DFI (F = 115.85, P < 0.01) and VIA (F = 67.14, P < 0.01) than did normozoospermic semen samples. We conclude that supplementation with LC prior to the cryopreservation process reduced spermatozoa cryodamage in both asthenozoospermic and normozoospermic semen samples. LC had better protective effects for asthenozoospermic human semen samples. Future research should focus on the molecular mechanism for and the different protective effects of LC between asthenozoospermic and normozoospermic semen samples during cryopreservation.
Premature ventricular contraction-induced cardiomyopathy in children
Authors: Spector Zebulon Z. , Seslar Stephen P. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundAdults with high premature ventricular contraction burden can develop left ventricular dilation, dysfunction, and strain, consistent with a cardiomyopathy, which is reversible with radiofrequency ablation of the premature ventricular contractions. Evidence in children with similar ectopy burden is limited. We performed a single-centre retrospective review to examine the prevalence of premature ventricular contraction-induced cardiomyopathy, natural history of ventricular ectopy, and progression to ventricular tachycardia in children with frequent premature ventricular contractions.MethodsChildren aged between 6 months and 18 years, with premature ventricular contractions comprising at least 20% of rhythm on 24-hour Holter monitor, were included in our study. Those with significant structural heart disease, ventricular tachycardia greater than 1% of rhythm at the time of premature ventricular contraction diagnosis, or family history of cardiomyopathy – except tachycardia-induced – were excluded. Cardiomyopathy was defined by echocardiographic assessment.ResultsA total of 36 children met the study criteria; seven patients (19.4%, 95% CI 6.2–32.6%) met the criteria for cardiomyopathy, mostly at initial presentation. Ectopy decreased to <10% of beats without intervention in 16.7% (95% CI 4.3–29.1%) of the patients. No patient progressed to having ventricular tachycardia as more than 1% of beats on follow-up Holter. Radiofrequency ablation was performed in three patients without cardiomyopathy.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates a higher prevalence of cardiomyopathy among children with high premature ventricular contraction burden than that previously shown. Ectopy tended to persist throughout follow-up. These trends suggest the need for a multi-centre study on frequent premature ventricular contractions in children. In the interim, regular follow-up with imaging to evaluate for cardiomyopathy is warranted.
The Organ Music of William Russell
Authors: Kitchen John 
Published: June 2015

William Russell (1777–1813) came from a London family of organists and organ builders. He published two sets of voluntaries: in 1804 and 1812. As well as his liturgical duties at St Anne's Limehouse, and in the Foundling Hospital Chapel, Russell worked as pianist and composer at the Sadler's Wells Theatre; the influence of opera and theatrical music can be strongly felt in some of the voluntaries. He was also particularly interested in the development of the organ itself, and had ‘progressive’ ideas regarding early nineteenth-century organ design.Russell's music fascinatingly blends, or sometimes simply juxtaposes, several disparate musical influences. He therefore sits at an interesting point in English organ music. This article investigates Russell's own music – its forms, styles and genres – and his use of the instruments available to him. In addition, I will consider the extent to which his style was of the nineteenth century, and looked forward to future developments, of which his pioneering use of the pedals is one significant aspect.
Alk1 and Alk5 inhibition by Nrp1 controls vascular sprouting downstream of Notch
Authors: Aspalter Irene Maria , Gordon Emma , Dubrac Alexandre , Ragab Anan , Narloch Jarek , Vizán Pedro , Geudens Ilse , Collins Russell Thomas , Franco Claudio Areias , Abrahams Cristina Luna , Thurston Gavin , Fruttiger Marcus , Rosewell Ian , Eichmann Anne , Gerhardt Holger 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSprouting angiogenesis drives blood vessel growth in healthy and diseased tissues. Vegf and Dll4/Notch signalling cooperate in a negative feedback loop that specifies endothelial tip and stalk cells to ensure adequate vessel branching and function. Current concepts posit that endothelial cells default to the tip-cell phenotype when Notch is inactive. Here we identify instead that the stalk-cell phenotype needs to be actively repressed to allow tip-cell formation. We show this is a key endothelial function of neuropilin-1 (Nrp1), which suppresses the stalk-cell phenotype by limiting Smad2/3 activation through Alk1 and Alk5. Notch downregulates Nrp1, thus relieving the inhibition of Alk1 and Alk5, thereby driving stalk-cell behaviour. Conceptually, our work shows that the heterogeneity between neighbouring endothelial cells established by the lateral feedback loop of Dll4/Notch utilizes Nrp1 levels as the pivot, which in turn establishes differential responsiveness to TGF-β/BMP signalling.
Conjugated polyelectrolyte hole transport layer for inverted-type perovskite solar cells
Authors: Choi Hyosung , Mai Cheng-Kang , Kim Hak-Beom , Jeong Jaeki , Song Seyeong , Bazan Guillermo C. , Kim Jin Young , Heeger Alan J. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractOrganic–inorganic hybrid perovskite materials offer the potential for realization of low-cost and flexible next-generation solar cells fabricated by low-temperature solution processing. Although efficiencies of perovskite solar cells have dramatically improved up to 19% within the past 5 years, there is still considerable room for further improvement in device efficiency and stability through development of novel materials and device architectures. Here we demonstrate that inverted-type perovskite solar cells with pH-neutral and low-temperature solution-processable conjugated polyelectrolyte as the hole transport layer (instead of acidic PEDOT:PSS) exhibit a device efficiency of over 12% and improved device stability in air. As an alternative to PEDOT:PSS, this work is the first report on the use of an organic hole transport material that enables the formation of uniform perovskite films with complete surface coverage and the demonstration of efficient, stable perovskite/fullerene planar heterojunction solar cells.
Photonic sensing of organic solvents through geometric study of dynamic reflection spectrum
Authors: Zhang Yuqi , Fu Qianqian , Ge Jianping 
Published: June 2015

AbstractTraditional photonic sensing based on the change of balanced reflection of photonic structures can hardly distinguish chemical species with similar refractive indices. Here a sensing method based on the dynamic reflection spectra (DRS) of photonic crystal gel has been developed to distinguish even homologues, isomers and solvents with similar structures and physical properties. There are inherent relationships between solvent properties, diffusion behaviour and evolution of reflection signals, so that the geometric characteristics of DRS pattern including ascending/descending, colour changes, splitting/merging and curvature of reflection band can be utilized to recognize different organic solvents. With adequate solvents being tested, a database of DRS patterns can be established, which provide a standard to identify an unknown solvent.
Default and Executive Network Coupling Supports Creative Idea Production
Authors: Beaty Roger E. , Benedek Mathias , Barry Kaufman Scott , Silvia Paul J. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe role of attention in creative cognition remains controversial. Neuroimaging studies have reported activation of brain regions linked to both cognitive control and spontaneous imaginative processes, raising questions about how these regions interact to support creative thought. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we explored this question by examining dynamic interactions between brain regions during a divergent thinking task. Multivariate pattern analysis revealed a distributed network associated with divergent thinking, including several core hubs of the default (posterior cingulate) and executive (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) networks. The resting-state network affiliation of these regions was confirmed using data from an independent sample of participants. Graph theory analysis assessed global efficiency of the divergent thinking network and network efficiency was found to increase as a function of individual differences in divergent thinking ability. Moreover, temporal connectivity analysis revealed increased coupling between default and salience network regions (bilateral insula) at the beginning of the task, followed by increased coupling between default and executive network regions at later stages. Such dynamic coupling suggests that divergent thinking involves cooperation between brain networks linked to cognitive control and spontaneous thought, which may reflect focused internal attention and the top-down control of spontaneous cognition during creative idea production.
Dimeric Organization of Blood Coagulation Factor VIII bound to Lipid Nanotubes
Authors: Dalm Daniela , Galaz-Montoya Jesus G. , Miller Jaimy L. , Grushin Kirill , Villalobos Alex , Koyfman Alexey Y. , Schmid Michael F. , Stoilova-McPhie Svetla 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMembrane-bound Factor VIII (FVIII) has a critical function in blood coagulation as the pro-cofactor to the serine-protease Factor IXa (FIXa) in the FVIIIa-FIXa complex assembled on the activated platelet membrane. Defects or deficiency of FVIII cause Hemophilia A, a mild to severe bleeding disorder. Despite existing crystal structures for FVIII, its membrane-bound organization has not been resolved. Here we present the dimeric FVIII membrane-bound structure when bound to lipid nanotubes, as determined by cryo-electron microscopy. By combining the structural information obtained from helical reconstruction and single particle subtomogram averaging at intermediate resolution (15-20 Å), we show unambiguously that FVIII forms dimers on lipid nanotubes. We also demonstrate that the organization of the FVIII membrane-bound domains is consistently different from the crystal structure in solution. The presented results are a critical step towards understanding the mechanism of the FVIIIa-FIXa complex assembly on the activated platelet surface in the propagation phase of blood coagulation.
High Performance Graphene Nano-ribbon Thermoelectric Devices by Incorporation and Dimensional Tuning of Nanopores
Authors: Sharafat Hossain Md , Al-Dirini Feras , Hossain Faruque M. , Skafidas Efstratios 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThermoelectric properties of Graphene nano-ribbons (GNRs) with nanopores (NPs) are explored for a range of pore dimensions in order to achieve a high performance two-dimensional nano-scale thermoelectric device. We reduce thermal conductivity of GNRs by introducing pores in them in order to enhance their thermoelectric performance. The electrical properties (Seebeck coefficient and conductivity) of the device usually degrade with pore inclusion; however, we tune the pore to its optimal dimension in order to minimize this degradation, enhancing the overall thermoelectric performance (high ZT value) of our device. We observe that the side channel width plays an important role to achieve optimal performance while the effect of pore length is less pronounced. This result is consistent with the fact that electronic conduction in GNRs is dominated along its edges. Ballistic transport regime is assumed and a semi-empirical method using Huckel basis set is used to obtain the electrical properties, while the phononic system is characterized by Tersoff empirical potential model. The proposed device structure has potential applications as a nanoscale local cooler and as a thermoelectric power generator.
Gas hydrate inhibition by perturbation of liquid water structure
Authors: Sa Jeong-Hoon , Kwak Gye-Hoon , Han Kunwoo , Ahn Docheon , Lee Kun-Hong 
Published: June 2015

AbstractNatural gas hydrates are icy crystalline materials that contain hydrocarbons, which are the primary energy source for this civilization. The abundance of naturally occurring gas hydrates leads to a growing interest in exploitation. Despite their potential as energy resources and in industrial applications, there is insufficient understanding of hydrate kinetics, which hinders the utilization of these invaluable resources. Perturbation of liquid water structure by solutes has been proposed to be a key process in hydrate inhibition, but this hypothesis remains unproven. Here, we report the direct observation of the perturbation of the liquid water structure induced by amino acids using polarized Raman spectroscopy and its influence on gas hydrate nucleation and growth kinetics. Amino acids with hydrophilic and/or electrically charged side chains disrupted the water structure and thus provided effective hydrate inhibition. The strong correlation between the extent of perturbation by amino acids and their inhibition performance constitutes convincing evidence for the perturbation inhibition mechanism. The present findings bring the practical applications of gas hydrates significantly closer and provide a new perspective on the freezing and melting phenomena of naturally occurring gas hydrates.
Compact 4 × 4 UWB‐MIMO antenna with WLAN band rejected operation
Authors: Khan M.S. , Capobianco A.D. , Asif S. , Iftikhar A. , Ijaz B. , Braaten B.D. 
Published: June 2015

A compact planar UWB‐MIMO antenna array with WLAN band rejection is presented. The array consists of four monopole radiators and a common ground plane. These monopoles are placed in such a way that the polarisation diversity of nearly placed radiators is exploited, resulting in high isolation. The proposed MIMO antenna array is electrically small (50 × 39.8 mm2), printed on a low loss 1.524 mm thick Rogers TMM4 laminate with a dielectric constant of 4.5 and a loss tangent of 0.002. A band‐stop design was inserted on the ground plane to behave similar to a LC band‐stop filter and reject the WLAN band. Simulation and measurement results satisfy the return loss requirement of better than 10 dB and isolation better than 17 dB over the entire 2.7–5.1 and 5.9–12 GHz bandwidths.
On some genetic consequences of social structure, mating systems, dispersal, and sampling
Authors: Parreira Bárbara R. , Chikhi Lounès 
Published: June 2015

Significance
Many species live in socially structured populations, forming cohesive units with kin structure. Yet, sociality has been neglected by population geneticists under the assumption that social groups can be seen as small demes subjected to significant genetic drift. Such demes are usually considered to be susceptible to inbreeding, with inbreeding avoidance becoming a major force explaining dispersal strategies. We find that social structure is highly effective in maintaining high genotypic and genetic diversity levels, without invoking sex-biased dispersal or inbreeding avoidance mechanisms. These findings should change the way we perceive social groups.
Opacity and conductivity measurements in noble gases at conditions of planetary and stellar interiors
Authors: McWilliams R. Stewart , Dalton D. Allen , Konôpková Zuzana , Mahmood Mohammad F. , Goncharov Alexander F. 
Published: June 2015

Significance
Planets and stars contain matter at extreme pressures and temperatures hidden deep beneath their opaque surfaces. Unable to see these states of matter directly, we instead produce them in laboratory experiments. Here a novel method of studying extreme states in a tabletop experiment is described and applied to common planet- and star-forming materials, the noble gases. Helium, neon, argon, and xenon transform in the experiments from transparent electrical insulators to opaque electrical conductors. In Saturn, rain composed of noble gas becomes conductive as it falls and can form a protective layer around the planetary core that prevents the core from dissolving into surrounding metallic hydrogen. White dwarf stars have unexpectedly opaque helium atmospheres, causing them to age slower than anticipated.
Arginine methylation of HSP70 regulates retinoid acid-mediated
RARβ2
gene activation
Authors: Gao Wei-wei , Xiao Rong-quan , Peng Bing-ling , Xu Huan-teng , Shen Hai-feng , Huang Ming-feng , Shi Tao-tao , Yi Jia , Zhang Wen-juan , Wu Xiao-nan , Gao Xiang , Lin Xiang-zhi , Dorrestein Pieter C. , Rosenfeld Michael G. , Liu Wen 
Published: June 2015

Significance
HSP70 proteins are well known as molecular chaperones involved in protein folding and quality control. Whether they also function in gene transcription on chromatin, and if so, how they are regulated, remains elusive. Here we report that HSP70 can also regulate gene transcription through its association with chromatin, distinct from its “classic” function as a molecular chaperone. The function of HSP70 in gene transcription is subject to regulation of an arginine methylation on a highly conserved residue in HSP70, which modulates the recruitment of a key component in the pre-initiation complex, and thus transcription initiation. The present study reveals an additional, previously overlooked function of HSP70 chaperone proteins, and links arginine methylation of nonhistone proteins to gene transcriptional regulation.
Information Customization and Food Choice
Authors: Balcombe Kelvin , Fraser Iain , Lowe Ben , Souza Monteiro Diogo 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn this article, we employ a hypothetical discrete choice experiment to examine how much consumers are willing to pay to use technology to customize their food shopping. We conjecture that customized information provision can aid in the composition of a healthier shop. Our results reveal that consumers are prepared to pay relatively more for specific information as opposed to the generic nutritional information that is typically provided on food labels. In arriving at these results, we have examined various model specifications including those that useex postde‐briefing questions on attribute non‐attendance and attribute‐ranking information, and those that consider the time taken to complete the survey. Our main results are robust to the various model specifications we examine.
Different Approaches to Ultrasound-guided Thoracic Paravertebral Block
Authors: Krediet Annelot C. , Moayeri Nizar , van Geffen Geert-Jan , Bruhn Jörgen , Renes Steven , Bigeleisen Paul E. , Groen Gerbrand J. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAbstract
Given the fast development and increasing clinical relevance of ultrasound guidance for thoracic paravertebral blockade, this review article strives (1) to provide comprehensive information on thoracic paravertebral space anatomy, tailored to the needs of a regional anesthesia practitioner, (2) to interpret ultrasound images of the thoracic paravertebral space using cross-sectional anatomical images that are matched in location and plane, and (3) to briefly describe and discuss different ultrasound-guided approaches to thoracic paravertebral blockade. To illustrate the pertinent anatomy, high-resolution photographs of anatomical cross-sections are used. By using voxel anatomy, it is possible to visualize the needle pathway of different approaches in the same human specimen. This offers a unique presentation of this complex anatomical region and is inherently more realistic than anatomical drawings.
Using digitized anatomical cross-sectional images, this article reviews the necessary anatomical background to successfully interpret ultrasound images of the thoracic paravertebral space, and provides an overview on currently published approaches to ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral blockade.
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