bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flexural properties after exposure to elevated temperatures of a ground granulated blast furnace slag concrete incorporating steel fibers and polypropylene fibers
Authors: Gao Danying , Yan Dongming , Li Xiangyu 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTExperiments were carried out to investigate the flexural properties of fiber‐reinforced ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) concrete after exposure to high temperatures. On the basis of experimental observation, the effect of GGBFS content, the steel fiber dosage, the polypropylene (PP) fiber dosage, and the strength grade on the residual strength of concrete after exposure to elevated temperatures were systematically examined. Test data indicate that exposure to high temperatures causes deterioration in the flexural strength of concrete; inclusion of GGBFS, PP fibers, and steel fibers, all effectively improve the residual flexural strength of concrete after fire. The optimum amounts of GGBFS, PP fibers, and steel fibers are identified respectively for better fire resistance of concrete. The strength losses of concretes characterized by different strength grades are very close to one another. Equations are proposed to predict the residual flexural strength of concrete incorporating GGBFS, PP fibers, and steel fibers after being heated to temperatures up to 800°C. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Automated MRI parcellation of the frontal lobe
Authors: Ranta Marin E. , Chen Min , Crocetti Deana , Prince Jerry L. , Subramaniam Krish , Fischl Bruce , Kaufmann Walter E. , Mostofsky Stewart H. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractExamination of associations between specific disorders and physical properties of functionally relevant frontal lobe sub‐regions is a fundamental goal in neuropsychiatry. Here, we present and evaluate automated methods of frontal lobe parcellation with the programs FreeSurfer(FS) and TOADS‐CRUISE(T‐C), based on the manual method described in Ranta et al. [2009]: Psychiatry Res 172:147‐154 in which sulcal‐gyral landmarks were used to manually delimit functionally relevant regions within the frontal lobe: i.e., primary motor cortex, anterior cingulate, deep white matter, premotor cortex regions (supplementary motor complex, frontal eye field, and lateral premotor cortex) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) regions (medial PFC, dorsolateral PFC, inferior PFC, lateral orbitofrontal cortex [OFC] and medial OFC). Dice's coefficient, a measure of overlap, and percent volume difference were used to measure the reliability between manual and automated delineations for each frontal lobe region. For FS, mean Dice's coefficient for all regions was 0.75 and percent volume difference was 21.2%. For T‐C the mean Dice's coefficient was 0.77 and the mean percent volume difference for all regions was 20.2%. These results, along with a high degree of agreement between the two automated methods (mean Dice's coefficient = 0.81, percent volume difference = 12.4%) and a proof‐of‐principle group difference analysis that highlights the consistency and sensitivity of the automated methods, indicate that the automated methods are valid techniques for parcellation of the frontal lobe into functionally relevant sub‐regions. Thus, the methodology has the potential to increase efficiency, statistical power and reproducibility for population analyses of neuropsychiatric disorders with hypothesized frontal lobe contributions. Hum Brain Mapp 35:2009–2026, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Suspended sediment and total dissolved solid yield patterns at the headwaters of Urumqi River, northwestern China: a comparison between glacial and non‐glacial catchments
Authors: Gao Wenhua , Gao Shu , Li Zhongqin , Lu X. X. , Zhang Mingjun , Wang Shengjie 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTIn order to understand the differences in the suspended sediment and total dissolved solid (TDS) yield patterns between the glacial and non‐glacial catchments at the headwaters of Urumqi River, northwestern China, water samples were collected from a glacier catchment and an empty cirque catchment within the region, during three melting seasons from 2006 to 2008. These samples were analyzed to estimate suspended sediment and TDS concentrations, fluxes and erosion rates in the two adjoining catchments. There were remarked differences in suspended sediment and TDS yield patterns between the two catchments. Suspended sediment concentrations were controlled mainly by the sediment source, whereas TDS concentrations were primarily related to the hydrologic interaction with soil minerals. Generally, the glacial catchment had much higher suspended sediment and TDS yields, together with higher denudation rates, than the non‐glacial catchment. Overall, glacial catchment was mainly dominated by physical denudation process, whereas the non‐glacial catchment was jointly influenced by physical and chemical denudation processes. The observed differences in material delivery patterns were mainly controlled by the runoff source and the glacial processes. The melting periods of glacier and snow were typically the most important time for the suspended sediment and TDS yields. Meanwhile, episodic precipitation events could generate disproportionately large yields. Subglacial hydrology dynamics, glaciers pluck and grind processes could affect erodibility, and the large quantities of dust stored on the glacier surface provided additional sources for suspended sediment transport in the glacial catchment. These mechanisms imply that, in response to climate change, the catchment behaviour will be modified significantly in this region, in terms of material flux. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of telaprevir in plasma of HCV‐infected patients by HPLC‐UV
Authors: Tempestilli Massimo , Milano Elisa , D'Offizi Gianpiero , Montalbano Marzia , D'Avolio Antonio , Gasperi Tecla , Narciso Pasquale , Ascenzi Paolo , Pucillo Leopoldo P. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractTelaprevir is a direct acting antiviral agent, used with pegylated interferon and ribavirin for the management of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 infection, in patients not responding to therapy with pegylated interferon and ribavirin only. Although 75% of patients achieve a sustained virological response after treatment with telaprevir, adverse drug–drug interactions and undesirable events often occur. Therefore, telaprevir monitoring is pivotal to improve the management of HCV infection. Here, the first High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography‐Ultraviolet (HPLC‐UV) method to quantify telaprevir in human plasma of HCV‐genotype 1‐infected patients is reported. The volume of the plasma sample was 700 μL. This method involved automated solid‐phase extraction with Oasis HLB Cartridge 1 cc (divinylbenzene and N‐vinylpyrrolidone). The extracted samples were reconstituted with 150 μL of 60/40 water/acetonitrile. Thirty microliters of these samples was injected into a HPLC‐UV system, and the analytes were eluted on a X Terra® RP18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm i.d.) with a particle size of 5 μm. The mobile phase (ammonium acetate buffer, 150 mM, pH 8.0, and methanol:acetonitrile 50:50) was delivered at 1.0 mL/min with linear gradient elution. The total run time for a single analysis was 16 min; telaprevir was detected by UV at 276 and 286 nm. The calibration curve was linear from 312.5 to 20,000 ng/mL (r2 > 0.996). The absolute recovery of telaprevir ranged between 89 and 93% at concentrations of quality control samples of 800, 4,000, 8,000, and 16,000 ng/mL. Both precision and accuracy were always <15%. The HPLC‐UV method reported here: (i) has been validated, (ii) is currently applied to monitor telaprevir in plasma of HCV‐infected patients, and (iii) appears useful in a routine laboratory. © 2013 IUBMB Life, 65(9):800–805, 2013
Flow and sediment suspension events over low‐angle dunes: Fraser Estuary, Canada
Authors: Bradley R.W. , Venditti J. G. , Kostaschuk R. A. , Church M. , Hendershot M. , Allison M. A. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe morphodynamics of large sand‐bedded rivers and estuaries are ultimately controlled by the way bed material is moved and the development of large, subaqueous sand dunes that control hydraulic flow resistance. It is widely thought that the primary mechanism for moving sandy bed material in these channels is large‐scale coherent flow structures that cause suspension events whose properties vary with flow, especially in tidally influenced environments. Here, we examine mean flow and sediment suspension events over low‐angle dunes (lee face angle <30°) in the unsteady flow of the Fraser Estuary, Canada. At high tide, flow nearly ceased and a salt wedge entered the channel, forcing salt water under the downstream‐moving fresh water. The salt wedge persisted in the channel until late in the falling tide, causing stratification in the water column and instabilities along the saline‐fresh water interface. At low tide, mean velocities peaked and forced the saline water out of the channel. Flow over the low‐angle dunes displayed topographically induced patterns previously observed over high‐angle dunes, but permanent flow separation was not observed. Large‐scale sediment suspension events dominated sediment flux during low tide and became larger scale, yet less frequent, as the tide began to rise. The suspension events appeared to form over the lower stoss of the dunes and grew up over the bed forms and, less commonly, emerged downstream of the crest. Suspension events move ~69% of the total sediment in the flow above low‐angle dunes when they are present.
Clinico‐pathological significance of hepatitis C virus core antigen levels in chronic infection
Authors: Durante‐Mangoni Emanuele , Vallefuoco Luca , Sorrentino Rosanna , Iossa Domenico , Perna Enzo , Molaro Rosa , Braschi Umberto , Zampino Rosa , Sodano Giuseppe , Adinolfi Luigi Elio , Utili Riccardo , Portella Giuseppe 
Published: July 2013

AbstractHepatitis C virus core antigen (HCVcoreAg) may be measured in serum with a sensitive, recently validated assay. Beyond its value as a marker of viral infection, there are little data on its relation with clinical, histological, and virological parameters. In this study, the significance of HCVcoreAg levels was studied in a prospective cohort of 114 patients with chronic hepatitis C. HCVcoreAg was measured by a commercial chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. Clinical and virological data included quantitative HCV‐RNA, HCV genotype, ALT, GGT, IL28B rs12979860 polymorphism as well as liver histology parameters. HCVcoreAg levels were correlated significantly with HCV‐RNA (r = 0.56; P < 0.0001) but also with ALT levels (r = 0.258; P < 0.01) and liver necroinflammatory activity (r = 0.205; P < 0.04). Patients harbouring HCV genotype 3 showed lower levels of HCVcoreAg than both genotype 1 and two patients. In genotype 3, a direct correlation between steatosis and HCVcoreAg was found. Levels of HCVcoreAg also varied according to the IL28B genotype. These data suggest that the evaluation of HCVcoreAg serum levels may provide relevant data for the baseline clinical evaluation of chronic hepatitis C patients. HCVcoreAg serum levels may be a useful tool to further the understanding of chronic hepatitis C pathobiology. J Med. Virol. 85:1913–1918, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Novel Cyclopentadithiophene‐Based D–A Copolymers for Organic Photovoltaic Cell Applications
Authors: Drozdov Fedor V. , Myshkovskaya Ekaterina N. , Susarova Diana K. , Troshin Pavel A. , Fominykh Olga D. , Balakina Marina Yu. , Bakirov Artem V. , Shcherbina Maxim A. , Choi Jinwoo , Tondelier Denis , Buzin Mikhail I. , Chvalun Sergei N. , Yassar Abderrahim , Ponomarenko Sergei A. 
Published: July 2013

Here, the synthesis, characterization, and photovoltaic properties of four new donor–acceptor copolymers are reported. These copolymers are based on 4,4‐difluoro‐cyclopenta[2,1‐b:3,4‐b′] dithiophene as an acceptor unit and various donor moieties: 4,4‐dialkyl derivatives of 4H‐cyclopenta[2,1‐b:3,4‐b′]dithiophene and its silicon analog, dithieno[3,2‐b:2′,3′‐d]‐silol. These copolymers have an almost identical bandgap of 1.7 eV and have a HOMO energy level that varies from −5.34 to −5.73 eV. DSC and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) investigations reveal that linear octyl substituents promote the formation of ordered layered structures, while branched 2‐ethylhexyl substituents lead to amorphous materials. Polymer solar cells based on these copolymers as donor and PC61BM as acceptor components yield a power conversion efficiency of 2.4%.
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Crosslinked Aromatic Polyamides: A Further Step in High‐Performance Materials
Authors: Trigo‐López Miriam , Barrio‐Manso José L. , Serna Felipe , García Félix C. , García José M. 
Published: July 2013

This work aims to improve the outstanding thermal and mechanical properties of commercialized wholly aromatic polyamide fibers (i.e., aramids), by crosslinking the materials. The introduction of a reactive azide group into the polymer structure leads to functional aramids. Crosslinking processes can be easily performed using an inexpensive thermal treatment after fiber spinning with current spin production facilities.
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Influence of Polyol Molecular Weight and Type on the Tack and Peel Properties of Waterborne Polyurethane Pressure‐Sensitive Adhesives
Authors: Akram Nadia , Gurney Robert S. , Zuber Mohammad , Ishaq Muhammad , Keddie Joseph L. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA requirement for optimum performance in a pressure‐sensitive adhesive (PSA) is the right balance between viscous and elastic properties, achieved by controlling the molecular architecture. Here, waterborne polyurethane PSAs are synthesized using a blend of polyether and polyalkene‐based polyols. The effects of the polyol type and molecular weight on the adhesive and thermomechanical properties are explored to optimize them for PSA applications. A linear polyurethane is synthesized by the reaction of an aliphatic diisocyanate with a diol blend of polypropylene glycol (PPG) and hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene (HTPB). With increasing concentrations of flexible HTPB segments and the associated increased viscous dissipation a favorable increase in the tack adhesion energy and peel strength is obtained. Adhesive properties are improved with increasing PPG molecular weight because chain entanglements become possible in the soft segments and raise the storage modulus.
Anxiety, depression and related factors in family caregivers of newly diagnosed lung cancer patients before first treatment
Authors: Lee Yun‐Hsiang , Liao Yu‐Chien , Liao Wei‐Yu , Shun Shiow‐Ching , Liu Yu‐Chun , Chan Jui‐Chun , Yu Chong‐Jen , Yang Pan‐Chyr , Lai Yeur‐Hur 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to (i) explore the prevalence and levels (severity) of anxiety and depression in family caregivers (FCs) of patients newly diagnosed with advanced lung cancer (stage IIIb or IV) before first treatment, and (ii) identify the factors related to FCs' anxiety and depression.MethodsFor this cross‐sectional study, 106 patient–FC dyads were recruited from a medical center in northern Taiwan. FCs' anxiety and depression were measured using the self‐report Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and FCs' ability to manage patients' symptoms was assessed using the Self‐Efficacy in Symptom Management Scale. FCs' risks for anxiety and depression were separately identified using two multivariate logistic regression models.ResultsThis study found two major results. First, before patients' first treatment, 50.9% and 32.1% of FCs were at risk for anxiety and depression, respectively. FCs' overall mean anxiety and depression scores were 7.7 (SD = 4.7) and 6.1 (SD = 4.5), respectively. Second, both FCs' anxiety and depression were significantly related to four factors: caring for another sick family member, younger age, having pain problems, and lower self‐efficacy in managing symptoms.ConclusionFamily caregivers of patients newly diagnosed with advanced lung cancer had anxiety and depression before the patients' first treatment. We strongly suggest developing and testing interventions to reduce FCs' psychological distress and enhance their quality of life, thus ensuring better quality of patient care. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
‘You know I've joined your club… I'm the hot flush boy’: a qualitative exploration of hot flushes and night sweats in men undergoing androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer
Authors: Eziefula C. U. , Grunfeld E. A. , Hunter M. S. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectiveHot flushes and night sweats are common amongst menopausal women, and psychological interventions for managing these symptoms have recently been developed for women. However, flushes in men with prostate cancer, which commonly occur following androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), remain under‐researched. This study is a qualitative exploration of flush‐related cognitive appraisals and behavioural reactions reported by a sample of these men.MethodsSemi‐structured, in‐depth interviews were conducted with 19 men who were experiencing flushes after receiving ADT for prostate cancer. Framework analysis was used to generate and categorise emergent themes and explore associations between themes.ResultsFive main cognitive appraisals included the following: changes in oneself, impact on masculinity, embarrassment/social‐evaluative concerns, perceived control and acceptance/adjustment. There were men who held beliefs about the impact of flushes on their perceptions of traditional gender roles, who experienced shame and embarrassment due to concerns about the salience of flushes and perceptions by others and who experienced feelings of powerlessness over flushes. Powerlessness was associated with beliefs about the potentially fatal consequences of discontinuing treatment. Two other dominant themes included awareness/knowledge about flushes and management strategies. Experiences of flushes appeared to be influenced by upbringing and general experiences of prostate cancer and ADT.ConclusionsThe range of men's appraisals of, and reactions to, flushes generated from this qualitative exploration were broadly similar to those of menopausal women but differed in terms of the influence of masculinity beliefs. These findings could be used to inform future research and psychological interventions in this under‐researched field. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The influence of annealing on the bimodal distribution of blocking temperatures of exchange biased bilayers
Authors: Ventura J. , Teixeira J. M. , Paz E. , Amaral J. S. , Costa J. D. , Apolinario A. , Araujo J. P. , Cardoso S. , Ferreira R. , Freitas P. P. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe exchange bias effect at the interface between antiferromagnetic (AFM) and ferromagnetic (FM) layers is of paramount importance in state‐of‐the‐art spintronic devices. However, a complete account of the physics behind exchange bias remains elusive and new effects are constantly unraveled. In particular, a bimodal distribution of blocking temperatures $ (T_{\rm B})$ was recently discovered, associated with the bulk of the AFM layer and interfacial AFM/FM regions with spin‐glass‐like properties. Here we study exchange bias in MnIr (25, 60 Å)/CoFe (50 Å) bilayers annealed at high temperatures (623 K and 673 K). We observe, for all samples and annealing temperatures, the existence of a large exchange bias variation at low temperatures associated with interfacial disorder. Such variation is more significative in the thinnest samples, where it is found to be independent on annealing temperature. On the other hand, in the thickest samples the contribution of the low temperature distribution largely increases with annealing temperature, due to enhanced disorder arising from Mn diffusion. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Oxygen vacancy dominant strong visible photoluminescence from BiFeO3 nanotubes
Authors: Miriyala N. , Prashanthi K. , Thundat T. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIn this Letter, we report oxygen vacancy dominant strong visible photoluminescence (PL) from multiferroic BiFeO3(BFO) nanotubes (NTs) prepared by sol–gel template method. Abundant oxygen vacancies present in BFO NTs provide alternate paths for the photo‐induced carrier generation and recombination thus affecting the PL and photoabsorption characteristics. This study not only assists in understanding the optoelectronic characteristics of BFO NTs at nanoscale but also suggests BFO nanostructures as potential candidates for future photonic and sensing applications. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electron Field Emission Enhancement of Vertically Aligned Ultrananocrystalline Diamond‐Coated ZnO Core–Shell Heterostructured Nanorods
Authors: Sankaran Kamatchi Jothiramalingam , Afsal Manekkathodi , Lou Shiu‐Cheng , Chen Huang‐Chin , Chen Chulung , Lee Chi‐Young , Chen Lih‐Juann , Tai Nyan‐Hwa , Lin I‐Nan 
Published: July 2013

AbstractEnhanced electron field emission (EFE) behavior of a core–shell heterostructure, where ZnO nanorods (ZNRs) form the core and ultrananocrystalline diamond needles (UNCDNs) form the shell, is reported. EFE properties of ZNR‐UNCDN core–shell heterostructures show a high emission current density of 5.5 mA cm−2 at an applied field of 4.25 V μm−1, and a low turn‐on field of 2.08 V μm−1 compared to the 1.67 mA cm−2 emission current density (at an applied field of 28.7 V μm−1) and 16.6 V μm−1 turn‐on field for bare ZNRs. Such an enhancement in the field emission originates from the unique materials combination, resulting in good electron transport from ZNRs to UNCDNs and efficient field emission of electrons from the UNCDNs. The potential application of these materials is demonstrated by the plasma illumination measurements that lowering the threshold voltage by 160 V confirms the role of ZNR‐UNCDN core–shell heterostructures in the enhancement of electron emission.