bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creep strength of High-Temperature Alloys for Ultrasupercritical Steam Boilers
Authors: Shingledecker John P. , Swindeman Robert W. , Wu Quanyan , Vasudevan Vijay K. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The demand for higher efficiency and reduced emissions in coal-fired power boilers will result in the use of higher steam temperatures and pressures. A significant materials effort is required to reach a target steam condition of 760°C/35MPa. These new Ultrasupercritical (USC) units will require the use of nickel-based superalloys. Long-term creep strength will be a determining factor in achieving the highest possible steam conditions. To this end, the creep strength of commercially available (Haynes 230), modified/controlled chemistry (CCA617/Maгco 617), and new (INCONEL 740) alloys, including weldments, are being investigated at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). Creep tests at ORNL show that the CCA617 provides a significant improvement in strength over the standard alloy 617 at 650°C to possibly 750°C. The strength of alloy 230 is well characterized, thus the testing on 230 has focused on specific specimen configurations for evaluating the high temperature behavior of weldments. Creep testing on INCONEL alloy 740 has shown good strengths (higher than 230 or CCA617) that may meet the target steam conditions. Microstructural analysis by electron microscopy on aged and tested material is being used to further understand the structure-properties relationship in these materials and determine long-term stability of the microstructures.
Deformation Behavior of P92 at Temperatures above 600°C and Under Simulated Fire Accident Conditions
Authors: Makhele Lekala L. Z. , Reiners H. , Schubert F. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study examines the deformation behavior of P92 steel (ferritic, 9% Cr) at high temperatures (600°C to 900°C) using isothermal hot tensile tests. Particular focus is placed on the stress-strain behavior around its alpha-gamma transition temperature (825°C). Additionally, fire accident simulation heating tests were conducted to assess the integrity of P92 beyond 650°C (relevant for short-term creep) and compare it to stainless steel 1.4404 (potential building material). Finally, microstructural analysis was performed on tested samples, revealing that the martensitic structure with characteristic laths was retained at temperatures up to 750°C.
Creep Deformation Behavior and Microstructure in High Boron Containing 9%Cr Ferritic Heat Resistant Steels
Authors: Semba H. , Abe F. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Tempered martensitic 9-12%Cr steels bearing tungsten, such as P92 and P122 showing higher creep rupture strength than the conventional steel P91, have been developed for thick section components in ultra-supercritical (USC) boilers. However, their creep strength is not sufficient for applying at the steam condition of 650°C/35MPa or above, which is a recent target condition in order to increase plant efficiency. The research and development project in NIMS on advanced high-Cr steels which can be applied at the steam condition of 650°C/35MPa as boiler components with large diameter and thick section has been carried out since 1997. In this project, it has been revealed that the addition of boron more than 0.01 mass% to the 0.08C-9Cr- 3W-3Co-V,Nb-&lt;0.00ЗN steel remarkably improves creep strength. The boron enriched in M23C6 carbides near prior-austenite grain boundaries suppresses coarsening of these carbides during creep deformation, leading to excellent microstructural stability and creep strength. Further improvement of creep strength is achieved by the addition of appropriate amount of nitrogen which enhances precipitation of fine MX. Excess addition of nitrogen to the high-B containing steel reduces creep rupture lives and ductility. The highest creep strength is obtained in the 0.08C-9Cr-3W-3Co-0.2V-0.05Nb-0.0139B-0.0079N (mass%) steel, resulting in excellent creep strength in comparison with that of P92 and P122. This steel shows good creep ductility even in the long term. It is, therefore, concluded that this high-B bearing 9Cr-3W-3Co-V,Nb steel with the addition of nitrogen in the order of 0.008 mass% is the promising candidate which shows superior creep strength without impairing creep ductility for thick section components in the 650°C-USC plant.
Effect of Off-Normal Austenization on Creep Strength of Ferritic-Martensitic Steels
Authors: Totemeier T.C. , Simpson J.A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The effect of a reduced-temperature austenization treatment on the microstructure and strength of two ferritic-martensitic steels was studied. Prototypic 9% and 12% Cr steels, modified 9Cr-1Mo (ASME T/P91) and Type 422 stainless (12Cr-1Mo-W-V), respectively, were austenized at the standard 1050°C and an off-normal 925°C, both followed by tempering at 760°C. The reduced austenization temperature was intended to simulate potential inadequate austenization during field construction of large structures. The microstructure, tensile behavior, and creep strength were characterized for both steels treated at each condition. While little change in microstructure was observed for the modified 9Cr-1Mo steel, the creep strength was reduced at higher temperatures and in long duration tests. The microstructure of the Type 422 stainless in the off-normal condition consisted of polygonized ferrite instead of tempered martensite. In this case the creep strength was reduced for short duration tests (less than ~1000 hr), but not for long duration tests. Slight reductions in tensile strength were observed at room temperature and elevated temperatures of 450,550, and 650°C.
Transmission Electron Microscopy and Boron Trace Autoradiography Investigation of Precipitates in Creep Deformed 9% Chromium Steels
Authors: Czyrska-Filemonowicz A. , Spiradek-Hahn K. , Bryla K. , Firganek H. , Zielinska-Lipiec A. , Ennis P.J. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The microstructures of two 9% chromium steels, P92 (30 ppm B) and B2 (100 ppm B), after heat treatment and after long-term creep deformation at 600°C were quantitatively investigated by means of transmission electron microscopy and boron trace autoradiography. The aim of the study was to show the boron distribution and identify the influence of boron on precipitation processes taking place in both steels during long-term creep exposure. The incorporation of boron into the M23C6 precipitates in both steels was demonstrated. In P92 steel (30 ppm B), boron was distributed preferentially on prior austenite grain boundaries and hardly visible on the sub-grain boundaries. In the steel B2 doped with 100 ppm B, boron was densely distributed on prior austenite grain- and sub-grain boundaries as well as within martensite laths. Quantitative TEM metallography and boron trace autoradiography investigation showed that boron retarded the growth of M23C6 by forming borocarbides M23 (C, B) 6, thereby significantly improving the creep rupture strength of boron doped 9% chromium steels.
Guidelines for the Assessment of Thermal Shock Cracking
Authors: Price JWH 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This paper addresses thermal shock cracking, a critical damage mechanism for pressurized components, currently absent from design and fitness-for-purpose codes. It analyzes the crack growth mechanisms and proposes guidelines for designing vessels to resist thermal shock crack initiation and for assessing the significance of existing cracks discovered during service. Thermal shock crack growth is influenced by factors like shock severity, applied mechanical stress, and the corrosive environment. In service, cracks often arrest and pose minimal risk. This work explores a broader range of conditions, offering a less conservative approach compared to existing EPRI guidelines.
An Evaluation of the Steamside Oxidation of Candidate USC Materials at 650°C and 800°C
Authors: Sarver J. M. , Tanzosh J. M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A collaborative program by the U.S. Department of Energy and Ohio Coal Development Office aims to identify new materials for ultrasupercritical (USC) coal power plants operating at significantly higher efficiencies. These USC plants require advanced ferritic alloys, austenitic steels, and nickel-based alloys with superior steamside oxidation resistance at high temperatures (up to 800°C). Initial tests on over 20 candidate materials exposed to flowing steam at 650°C for 4,000 hours show promise for nickel-based and austenitic alloys, while highlighting the dependence of oxidation resistance on chromium content for ferritic alloys. Notably, even within 9% Cr ferritic steels, varying compositions resulted in significantly different oxidation behaviors.
ANALISIS KANDUNGAN SERAT PANGAN DAN DAYA TERIMA FORMULA MINUMAN HEALTHY BOBA
Authors: Fajrin Hasina Nur , Jaelani Mohammad , Setiadi Yuwono , Ambarwati Ria 
Published: July 2024

Background: Boba milk tea is a drink that contains high calories, sugar and fat and low fiber which can increase the risk factors for high blood sugar disorders. It needs to be modified by adding porang glucomannan flour and kappa carrageenan as high-fiber food ingredients. Objective: To determine the dietary fiber content and the acceptability of the healthy boba drink formula.Method: The study used a true experimental method with a one-factor completely randomized design (CRD) with three treatments. Food fiber content data were analyzed using One Way ANOVA and Post Hoc Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Acceptance data was analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis Test. Results: The dietary fiber content of 1 serving of Healthy Boba drink formula is F1 (1.1663 g), F2 (1.8079 g), F3 (1.7527 g). Variations in the addition of glucomannan porang flour and kappa carrageenan had a significant effect on the dietary fiber content of the Healthy Boba Drink formula (p=0.000). There was no difference in panelists' acceptance of color (p=0.977), aroma (p=0.846), taste (p=0.109) and texture (p=0.148). The level of acceptance of the Healthy Boba drink is 90% of consumers can spend 75% of the portion of F1, 77% in F2 and 73% in F3. Conclusion: The highest dietary fiber content in the Healthy Boba Drink formula can meet 4.9% of the fiber needs in prediabetes adolescents, and can be recommended as an alternative drink in the prevention of prediabetes.
Influence of biochemical composition of above-ground biomass of oilseed radish on the expediency of its green manure application
Authors: Tsytsiura Y. G. 
Published: July 2024

Over a ten-year period, the volumes of formed ground biomass of oil radish and its biochemical composition were estimated for spring and summer plantings in terms of its green manure application. The formed leaf and stem mass of the oil radish variety Zhuravka was studied using official AOAC international analysis methods, liquid chromatography, methods of field evaluation of yield and weight and equivalent indicators. The effectiveness of green manure application was assessed by the method of multicriteria-decision support. Oil radish was confirmed to have a high adaptive potential at the maximum level of determination of bioproductivity, with an optimal moisture and temperature supply of up to 40%. The long-term average productive and biochemical portfolio of oil radish was identified as follows: 21.19 t/ha of leaf-stem ground mass with 62.3% soil cover 70 days after sowing, 2.8% nitrogen, 22.8% fibre, 0.6% phosphorus, 3.8% potassium, 16.6 μmol/g glucosinolates at the C/N ratio of 14.7, 83% plant-mass quality, and 48.1 mol/ha biofumigation potential based on glucosinolate aucumulation. The study confirmed the high potential of oilseed-radish adaptability to the regimes of unstable moisture of territories, finding interannual variation of the total bioproductivity and biochemical parameters of leaf-mass quality with the value of the variation coefficient ranging 23.6–31.2%, depending on the sowing date. The effectiveness of oilseed radish was also revealed by comparison with the similar interannual variation of hydrothermal conditions of vegetation (the amount of precipitation 48.2%, average daily temperature 27.5%, moisture coefficient 68.1%, and aridity index 58.9%). Oilseed radish was found to be agrobiologically and agrotechnologically feasibile to be used in the system of both spring and summer (intermediate) green manure technologies in grey loess soils under conditions of unstable moisture, as indicated by its bioproductivity and biochemical quality of leaf mass, as well as the results of the components of the multicriteria assessment of the plant as green manure, the value of normalised weight coefficients ranging 0.62–0.99
PENGARUH KOMBINASI TRANSCUTANEOUS ELECTRICAL NERVE STIMULATION DAN LATIHAN WILLIAM FLEKSI TERHADAP NYERI LOW BACK PAIN MYOGENIK
Authors: Supatmi Eny , Fariz Achmad , Teja Kusuma Wahyu , Pradita Angria 
Published: July 2024

Pendahuluan : Low Back Pain Myogenik adalah rasa tidak nyaman di daerah sekitar punggung bawah dikarenakan kelemahan otot dan ketidakseimbangan otot-otot punggung yang ditandai dengan adanya ketegangan otot, kelemahan abdominal dan multifidus. Penanganan fisioterapi menggunakan kombinasi Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) dan latihan William Fleksi untuk mengurangi nyeri pada pasien low back pain myogenik. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) dan latihan William Fleksi terhadap nyeri low back pain myogenik.
Metodologi : Penelitian ini menggunakan quasi eksperimen dengan rancangan one grup pretest-posttest design. Populasi penelitian ini sebanyak 50 responden nyeri pinggang bawah dengan sampel 30 responden yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi di RSUI Orpeha Tulungagung pada bulan Juli-Agustus 2023. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Nyeri low back pain myogenik diukur menggunakan skala Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan intervensi, yaitu : pemberian Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS), kemudian dilanjutkan gerakan latihan William Fleksi berupa pelvic tilting, single knee to chest, double knee to chest, partial sit up, hamstring stretch setiap seminggu 3 kali selama 4 minggu. Penelitian ini menggunakan uji normalitas shapiro-wilk test dan uji hipotesis wilcoxon.
Hasil : Pada penelitian ini didapatkan hasil nilai pre treatment 3; nilai post treatment 4; dan nilai p = 0,00 < 0,05.
Kesimpulan : Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian kombinasi Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) dan latihan William Fleksi efektif menurunkan nyeri pada pasien low back pain myogenik.
Pemanfaatan Lahan Pekarangan dalam Upaya Membudidayakan Tanaman Hortikultura dengan Teknik Vertikulture di Desa Faudu Kecamatan Pulau Hiri
Authors: Arifin Tuti Handayani , Darmawan M. , Melati Rima , Andi Mahmud Shubzan 
Published: July 2024

Lokasi padat penduduk membuat Desa Faudu kekurangan lahan untuk dapat digunakan sebagai lahan budidaya tanaman sehingga pemanfaatan lahan pekarangan dengan teknik vertikulture adalah salah satu cara yang dapat diterapkan oleh masyarakat. Vertikulture merupakan Teknik budidaya tanaman secara vertikal, dimana penanamannya dilakukan secara bertingkat sehingga memungkinkan untuk berkebun dengan memanfaatkan tempat secara efisien. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan di Desa Faudu Kecamatan Pulau Hiri dengan menggunakan metode sosialisasi dan pelatihan yang dihadiri oleh masyarakat umumnya ibu-ibu rumah tangga dengan tujuan dapat menjadi solusi dalam penyediaan bahan pangan bagi keluarga. Capaian dari kegiatan ini adalah masyarakat sangat tertarik untuk memulai budidaya tanaman dengan memanfaatkan pekarangan mereka dengan harapan dapat menikmati hasil budidaya tanaman bersama keluarga.
Determining the frequency of thyroid involvement in chest CT scans of COVID-19 patients and its correlation with the severity of lung involvement and survival of patients in 2020
Authors: Yarmahmoodi Fatemeh , Samimi Shoayb , Zeinali-Rafsanjani Banafasheh , Razavinejad Seyed Mostajab , Saeedi-Moghadam Mahdi 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionThis study aimed to determine the frequency of thyroid gland involvement in chest CT scans of patients with COVID-19 admitted to university-affiliated hospitals and assess its relationship with the severity of lung involvement and patient survival in 2020.Material and methodsIn this retrospective cross-sectional study, 1000 PCR-positive patients with COVID-19 who were referred to University-affiliated Hospital in 2020 and had chest CT performed within 72 hours of admission to the hospital were examined. The data was collected by patient file information and CT findings recorded in the PACS system, including thyroid involvement, the severity of lung involvement, and findings related to the death and recovery of patients.ResultsThe mean age of the examined patients was 56 years. 525 people (52.5%) were men, and 475 (47.5%) were women. 14% had severe pulmonary involvement, and 9.3% had very severe involvement. Moreover, 15.9 percent of them had deceased. 19.7% had focal thyroid involvement, 14% had diffuse involvement, and 66.3% were healthy subjects. Male gender and older age showed a significant relationship with thyroid gland involvement. The severity of lung involvement, the death rate in patients, and hospitalization in ICU were also significantly related to thyroid gland involvement in patients with COVID.Discussion and conclusionThis study highlights the importance of considering thyroid-gland involvement in the comprehensive management of COVID-19 patients. Routine screening and monitoring of thyroid-function may facilitate earlier detection and appropriate management of thyroid-related complications, potentially improving clinical outcomes. This study suggests that in COVID-19 infection the monitoring of thyroid function is prudent, particularly in cases of more serious disease.
Association between blood metabolites and basal cell carcinoma risk: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Wu Bingliang , Pan FuQiang , Wang QiaoQi , Liang Qian , Qiu HouHuang , Zhou SiYuan , Zhou Xiang 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundCirculating metabolites, which play a crucial role in our health, have been reported to be disordered in basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Despite these findings, evidence is still lacking to determine whether these metabolites directly promote or prevent BCC’s progression. Therefore, our study aims to examine the potential effects of circulating metabolites on BCC progression.Material and methodsWe conducted a two−sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using data from two separate genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The primary study included data for 123 blood metabolites from a GWAS with 25,000 Finnish individuals, while the secondary study had data for 249 blood metabolites from a GWAS with 114,000 UK Biobank participants.GWAS data for BCC were obtained from the UK Biobank for the primary analysis and the FinnGen consortium for the secondary analysis. Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess heterogeneity and pleiotropy.ResultsIn the primary analysis, significant causal relationships were found between six metabolic traits and BCC with the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method after multiple testing [P &lt; 4 × 10−4 (0.05/123)]. Four metabolic traits were discovered to be significantly linked with BCC in the secondary analysis, with a significance level of P &lt; 2 × 10−4 (0.05/249). We found that all the significant traits are linked to Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs) and their degree of unsaturation.ConclusionOur research has revealed a direct link between the susceptibility of BCC and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and their degree of unsaturation. This discovery implies screening and prevention of BCC.
Development and validation of a nomogram to predict mortality of patients with DIC in ICU
Authors: Zeng Qingbo , Lin Qingwei , Zhong Lincui , He Longping , Zhang Nianqing , Song Jingchun 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundDisseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a devastating condition, which always cause poor outcome of critically ill patients in intensive care unit. Studies concerning short-term mortality prediction in DIC patients is scarce. This study aimed to identify risk factors contributing to DIC mortality and construct a predictive nomogram.MethodsA total of 676 overt DIC patients were included. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was developed based on covariates identified using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression. The prediction performance was independently evaluated in the MIMIC-III and MIMIC-IV Clinical Database, as well as the 908th Hospital Database (908thH). Model performance was independently assessed using MIMIC-III, MIMIC-IV, and the 908th Hospital Clinical Database.ResultsThe Cox model incorporated variables identified by Lasso regression including heart failure, sepsis, height, SBP, lactate levels, HCT, PLT, INR, AST, and norepinephrine use. The model effectively stratified patients into different mortality risk groups, with a C-index of &gt;0.65 across the MIMIC-III, MIMIC-IV, and 908th Hospital databases. The calibration curves of the model at 7 and 28 days demonstrated that the prediction performance was good. And then, a nomogram was developed to facilitate result visualization. Decision curve analysis indicated superior net benefits of the nomogram.ConclusionThis study provides a predictive nomogram for short-term overt DIC mortality risk based on a Lasso-Cox regression model, offering individualized and reliable mortality risk predictions.
Glutamine enhances pneumococcal growth under methionine semi-starvation by elevating intracellular pH
Authors: Zhang Chengwang , Liu Juncheng , Liu Xiaohui , Xu Yueyu , Gan Qingxiu , Cheng Qinqian , Liu Weiping , Gao Xiangmin , Wu Songquan 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionBacteria frequently encounter nutrient limitation in nature. The ability of living in this nutrient shortage environment is vital for bacteria to preserve their population and important for some pathogenic bacteria to cause infectious diseases. Usually, we study how bacteria survive after nutrient depletion, a total starvation condition when bacteria almost cease growth and try to survive. However, nutrient limitation may not always lead to total starvation.MethodsBacterial adaptation to nutrient shortage was studied by determining bacterial growth curves, intracellular pH, intracellular amino acid contents, gene transcription, protein expression, enzyme activity, and translation and replication activities.ResultsNo exogenous supply of methionine results in growth attenuation of Streptococcus pneumoniae, a human pathogen. In this paper, we refer to this inhibited growth state between ceased growth under total starvation and full-speed growth with full nutrients as semi-starvation. Similar to total starvation, methionine semi-starvation also leads to intracellular acidification. Surprisingly, it is intracellular acidification but not insufficient methionine synthesis that causes growth attenuation under methionine semi-starvation. With excessive glutamine supply in the medium, intracellular methionine level was not changed, while bacterial intracellular pH was elevated to ~ 7.6 (the optimal intracellular pH for pneumococcal growth) by glutamine deamination, and bacterial growth under semi-starvation was restored fully. Our data suggest that intracellular acidification decreases translation level and glutamine supply increases intracellular pH to restore translation level, thus restoring bacterial growth.DiscussionThis growth with intracellular pH adjustment by glutamine is a novel strategy we found for bacterial adaptation to nutrient shortage, which may provide new drug targets to inhibit growth of pathogenic bacteria under semi-starvation.