bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sujet cognitif et sujet linguistique
Authors: De Palo M. 
Published: May 2013

La sémantique de Bréal critique le modèle organiciste schleicherien en relançant le rapport entre les formes et les fonctions du langage et plus en général le rapport entre linguistique et psychologie. Dans cette rencontre, la vision idéaliste est reconduite de proche en proche au niveau de la voie empirique du sujet. Cela se reflète dans plusieurs questions problématiques : le passage d’une subjectivité transcendantal à une
subjectivité empirique, la fondation anthropobiologique du sujet parlant et l’hypothèse d’une faculté universelle et générale du langage indépendante de chaque langue particulière (Broca) ; la reconstruction des rapports entre les fonctions du langage et les structures psychophysiques du sujet locuteur (Bréal), le rôle de la sphère conceptuelle -intentionnelle, l’influence et la crise de la psychologie associationniste et représentationnelle, la dynamique entre l’inconscience et le conscient. Un thème remarquable est celui de la subjectivité des termes déictiques, introduit dans le débat linguistique par Bühler : l’option antipsychologiste qui caractérise les théories du langage entre la fin du 19e et le début du 20e s. aboutit chez Benveniste à la notion de discours et à la sémantique de la personne.
Pre-Treatment of Dairy and Breast Milk with Sevelamer Hydrochloride and Sevelamer Carbonate to Reduce Phosphate
Authors: Raaijmakers Renske , Houkes Lambertus M.W. , Schröder Cornelis H. , Willems Johannes L. , Monnens Leo A.H. 
Published: May 2013

Introduction Young children and infants with chronic kidney disease are at increased risk of hyperphosphatemia because of high intake of dairy products. Hyperphosphatemia leads to metastatic calcifications and an increased risk of cardiovascular complications. Sevelamer is an effective phosphate binder, but for children it has important practical disadvantages: it clogs enteral feeding tubes and can cause gastrointestinal complaints. Pre-treatment of dairy products to reduce their phosphate content might solve those problems. Methods Sevelamer hydrochloride and sevelamer carbonate were suspended in various dairy products (cow's milk, breast milk, baby formula, and tube-feeding formula). Each product was tested with varying concentrations of sevelamer. After suspension, each sample was stored for 10 minutes, allowing the sevelamer to precipitate. The supernatant was decanted and analyzed for pH and for phosphate, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, and chloride content. Results We observed a significant decrease in the phosphate content of all tested products. With sevelamer hydrochloride, the phosphate reduction was 48% – 91% in the various products, and with sevelamer carbonate, it was 22% – 87%. The highest effectiveness was found in breast milk. A pH increase was found in all products. With sevelamer hydrochloride, a significant increase in chloride occurred. Notably, a significant decrease in calcium content (–75%) was observed in treated breast milk. Conclusions Pretreatment of a variety of dairy products with either sevelamer hydrochloride or sevelamer carbonate effectively reduced their phosphate content and might avoid troublesome ingestion of sevelamer in children. The change in pH with sevelamer hydrochloride was remarkable, reflecting buffering mechanisms. The reduction in the calcium content of breast milk is a potential concern and should be carefully considered and monitored during clinical use of sevelamer.
Metaanalysis of the Association of Smoking andPTPN22R620W Genotype on Autoantibody Status and Radiological Erosions in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Taylor Lyndsey H. , Twigg Sarah , Worthington Jane , Emery Paul , Morgan Ann W. , Wilson Anthony G. , Teare M. Dawn 
Published: May 2013

Objective.To investigate the interrelationships among smoking, protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor 22 (PTPN22) R620W (rs2476601) genotype, and anticitrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA) status; and among smoking,PTPN22R620W genotype, and presence of bone erosions overall and separately by ACPA status in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods.Six studies totaling 2680 patients with RA were included in a Mantel-Haenszel fixed-effects metaanalysis investigating ACPA status and up to 8 studies totaling 3172 patients with RA were included in a Mantel-Haenszel fixed-effects metaanalysis investigating presence of erosive damage.Results.Evidence was found for an increase in the odds of ACPA positivity for ever smoking (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.28–1.90, p = 8.5 × 10−6), carriage of at least 1 of thePTPN22risk alleles (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.13–2.00, p = 5.5 × 10−3) and both ever smoking and carriage of at least 1 of thePTPN22risk alleles (OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.69–2.91, p = 8.3 × 10−9). There was no evidence of an association between presence of erosive damage and smoking status or carriage ofPTPN22risk alleles when analyzed overall or separately by ACPA status.Conclusion.This metaanalysis indicates that both smoking and thePTPN22risk allele are associated with the risk of ACPA positivity. There was insufficient evidence to establish a relationship in either direction betweenPTPN22and smoking with erosive damage, despite evidence that ACPA positivity is associated with erosive damage.
Classification and Diagnostic Investigation in Inflammatory Myopathies: A Study of 99 Patients
Authors: Danielsson Olof , Lindvall Björn , Gati Istvan , Ernerudh Jan 
Published: May 2013

Objective.Insights into the pathogenesis of inflammatory myopathies have led to new diagnostic methods. The aims of our study were (1) to evaluate the consequences of using the classification of Amato/European Neuromuscular Centre Workshop (ENMC) compared to that of Bohan and Peter; and (2) to evaluate any diagnostic benefit in using an extended pathological investigation.Methods.From a consecutive retrospective database, we evaluated 99 patients for classification. Patients with inclusion body myositis (IBM) were classified according to Griggs,et al. In addition to routine stainings and immunohistochemistry, a multilevel serial sectioning procedure was performed on paraffin-embedded material, to identify scarce pathological findings.Results.Classification according to Bohan and Peter could be performed for 83 of the 99 patients, whereas only 60 patients met the Amato/ENMC criteria, the latter resulting in the following diagnostic groups: IBM (n = 18), nonspecific myositis (n = 14), polymyositis (n = 12), dermatomyositis (n = 10), dermatomyositis sine dermatitis (n = 5), and immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (n = 1). Most of the Amato/ENMC diagnostic groups harbored patients from several of the Bohan and Peter groups, which included a substantial group lacking proximal muscle weakness. The serial sectioning procedure was essential for classification of 9 patients (15%), and led to a more specific diagnosis for 13 patients (22%) according to Amato/ENMC.Conclusion.The classification of Amato/ENMC was more restrictive, forming groups based on clinical criteria and specified myopathological findings, which clearly differed from the groups of the Bohan and Peter classification. An extended pathological investigation increased the diagnostic yield of a muscle biopsy and highlights the quantity and specificity of certain pathological findings.
Childhood-onset Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (formerly Churg-Strauss Syndrome): A Contemporary Single-center Cohort
Authors: Gendelman Samantha , Zeft Andrew , Spalding Steven J. 
Published: May 2013

Objective.To date only 38 cases of childhood-onset eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (cEGPA; formerly Churg-Strauss syndrome) have been reported. Additional patients with cEGPA could enhance the understanding of this rare and life-threatening condition. Our objectives were (1) to determine the frequency of specific organ system involvement; (2) to examine initial therapeutic regimen; and (3) to document disease and therapy-related morbidity in a contemporary cohort of patients with cEGPA.Methods.Retrospective review of patients evaluated at the Cleveland Clinic between 2003 and 2011 who met either American College of Rheumatology or Lanham criteria for EGPA and whose age was < 18 years at symptom onset.Results.Nine patients (8 female; 7 white) were identified. Median age at onset of rhinitis/asthma symptom was 13 years and median age at diagnosis of cEGPA was 15 years. All patients demonstrated eosinophilia, upper airway disease (allergic rhinitis, chronic sinusitis, and/or nasal polyps), and pulmonary involvement. Other frequently involved organ systems included musculoskeletal (67%), gastrointestinal (67%), cutaneous (67%), neurologic (56%), and cardiac (44%). Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) serologies were negative in all patients. The medications used most frequently for initial therapy included oral (44%) or intravenous corticosteroids (56%) and azathioprine (67%). Disease or therapeutic complications occurred in half of the cohort and included heart failure, stroke, and sequela from longterm, high-dose steroids.Conclusion.Eosinophilia, in combination with upper airway, pulmonary, musculoskeletal, neurologic, and cardiac manifestations, is frequently observed in cEGPA. ANCA titers are often negative. Steroids are the mainstay of initial therapy but steroid-related side effects occur regularly.
Variable Association of Reactive Intermediate Genes with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Populations with Different African Ancestry
Authors: Ramos Paula S. , Oates James C. , Kamen Diane L. , Williams Adrienne H. , Gaffney Patrick M. , Kelly Jennifer A. , Kaufman Kenneth M. , Kimberly Robert P. , Niewold Timothy B. , Jacob Chaim O. , Tsao Betty P. , Alarcón Graciela S. , Brown Elizabeth E. , Edberg Jeffrey C. , Petri Michelle A. , Ramsey-Goldman Rosalind , Reveille John D. , Vilá Luis M. , James Judith A. , Guthridge Joel M. , Merrill Joan T. , Boackle Susan A. , Freedman Barry I. , Scofield R. Hal , Stevens Anne M. , Vyse Timothy J. , Criswell Lindsey A. , Moser Kathy L. , Alarcón-Riquelme Marta E. , Langefeld Carl D. , Harley John B. , Gilkeson Gary S. 
Published: May 2013

Objective.Little is known about the genetic etiology of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in individuals of African ancestry, despite its higher prevalence and greater disease severity. Overproduction of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species are implicated in the pathogenesis and severity of SLE, making NO synthases and other reactive intermediate-related genes biological candidates for disease susceptibility. We analyzed variation in reactive intermediate genes for association with SLE in 2 populations with African ancestry.Methods.A total of 244 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) from 53 regions were analyzed in non-Gullah African Americans (AA; 1432 cases and 1687 controls) and the genetically more homogeneous Gullah of the Sea Islands of South Carolina (133 cases and 112 controls). Single-marker, haplotype, and 2-locus interaction tests were computed for these populations.Results.The glutathione reductase geneGSR(rs2253409; p = 0.0014, OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.09–1.44) was the most significant single SNP association in AA. In the Gullah, the NADH dehydrogenaseNDUFS4(rs381575; p = 0.0065, OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.23–3.59) and NO synthase geneNOS1(rs561712; p = 0.0072, OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.44–0.88) were most strongly associated with SLE. When both populations were analyzed together,GSRremained the most significant effect (rs2253409; p = 0.00072, OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.10–1.44). Haplotype and 2-locus interaction analyses also uncovered different loci in each population.Conclusion.These results suggest distinct patterns of association with SLE in African-derived populations; specific loci may be more strongly associated within select population groups.
Identifying Phenotypes of Knee Osteoarthritis by Separate Quantitative Radiographic Features May Improve Patient Selection for More Targeted Treatment
Authors: Kinds Margot B. , Marijnissen Anne C.A. , Viergever Max A. , Emans Pieter J. , Lafeber Floris P.J.G. , Welsing Paco M.J. 
Published: May 2013

Objective.Expression of osteoarthritis (OA) varies significantly between individuals, and over time, suggesting the existence of different phenotypes, possibly with specific etiology and targets for treatment. Our objective was to identify phenotypes of progression of radiographic knee OA using separate quantitative features.Methods.Separate radiographic features of OA were measured by Knee Images Digital Analysis (KIDA) in individuals with early knee OA (the CHECK cohort: Cohort Hip & Cohort Knee), at baseline and at 2-year and 5-year followup. Hierarchical clustering was performed to identify phenotypes of radiographic knee OA progression. The phenotypes identified were compared for changes in joint space width (JSW), varus angle, osteophyte area, eminence height, bone density, for Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) grade, and for clinical characteristics. Logistic regression analysis evaluated whether baseline radiographic features and demographic/clinical characteristics were associated with each of the specific phenotypes.Results.The 5 clusters identified were interpreted as “Severe” or “No,” “Early” or “Late” progression of the radiographic features, or specific involvement of “Bone density.” Medial JSW, varus angle, osteophyte area, eminence height, and bone density at baseline were associated with the Severe and Bone density phenotypes. Lesser eminence height and bone density were associated with Early and Late progression. Larger varus angle and smaller osteophyte area were associated with No progression.Conclusion.Five phenotypes of radiographic progression of early knee OA were identified using separate quantitative features, which were associated with baseline radiographic features. Such phenotypes might require specific treatment and represent relevant subgroups for clinical trials.
Soluble Biomarkers Associated with Response to Treatment with Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors in Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: Chandran Vinod , Shen Hua , Pollock Remy A. , Pellett Fawnda J. , Carty Adele , Cook Richard J. , Gladman Dafna D. 
Published: May 2013

Objective.To identify soluble biomarkers associated with response to therapy with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA).Methods.The study was conducted at a PsA clinic where patients are assessed every 6 months, and serum samples are collected and stored once a year at the time of clinical assessment. Forty patients with active PsA who gave serum samples prior to treatment with TNFi and after at least 3 months of therapy were identified. Patients were classified as TNFi responders if tender joint count was < 3, swollen joint count was 0, and Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score was < 4 at the time the second sample was collected. The following biomarkers were tested by ELISA: TNF superfamily 14, matrix metalloprotease-3 (MMP-3), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand, osteoprotegerin, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), CPII, C2C and C1-2C, CS-846, and highly sensitive C-reactive protein. Paired t tests and logistic regression was used for statistical analyses.Results.After a mean treatment duration of 11 months with TNFi (etanercept 28 patients, adalimumab 6, golimumab 4, infliximab 2), 29 patients were classified as TNFi responders. Baseline level of MMP-3 was independently associated with responder status (OR 1.067 for each 1-unit increase, p = 0.045). A reduction in MMP-3 levels with therapy increased the odds of achieving response (OR 1.213 for each 1-unit change, p = 0.030), whereas a reduction in COMP decreased the odds (OR 0.587, for each 100-unit increase, p = 0.039). None of the other biomarkers was associated with response.Conclusion.Baseline as well as reduction in serum MMP-3 and increase in serum COMP are independently associated with response to TNFi therapy in patients with PsA.
Interaction of HLA-DRB1*09:01 and *04:05 with Smoking Suggests Distinctive Mechanisms of Rheumatoid Arthritis Susceptibility Beyond the Shared Epitope
Authors: Bang So-Young , Lee Hye-Soon , Lee Kyung Wha , Bae Sang-Cheol 
Published: May 2013

Objective.Although HLA-DRB1 shared epitope (SE) alleles and HLA-DRB1*09:01 have repeatedly been shown to be associated with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the effect of each allele on levels of anticyclic citrullinated peptide autoantibodies (anti-CCP) and interaction with cigarette smoking in RA remains to be fully defined. We investigated whether HLA-DRB1 risk alleles influence anti-CCP levels and whether each allele interacts with smoking in anti-CCP-positive or -negative RA.Methods.All patients with RA (n = 1924) and controls (n = 1119) were Korean. The HLA-DRB1 4-digit genotyping was performed by standard PCR-sequencing based typing method. OR and biologic interactions as departures from additivity or multiplicity were analyzed by logistic regression.Results.SE alleles were significantly associated with increased anti-CCP levels. Conversely, HLA-DRB1*09:01 was associated with reduced levels, in both SE-positive and SE-negative patients. Each of SE alleles interacted significantly with smoking, whereas HLA-DRB1*09:01 did not. Interactions between the 2 most significant risk alleles, HLA-DRB1*04:05 and HLA-DRB1*09:01, (attributable proportion = 0.68, 95% CI 0.46–0.89, multiplicity p = 0.012) significantly increased RA susceptibility regardless of anti-CCP and smoking status. Smoking increased the risk for RA by significant interaction with the heterozygote HLA-DRB1*04:05/*09:01.Conclusion.HLA-DRB1*09:01 differs from SE alleles with regard to anti-CCP levels and interaction with smoking, suggesting a distinct mechanism of HLA-DRB1*09:01 in the pathogenesis of RA that may bypass anti-CCP formation. Also, a significant increase of the HLA-DRB1*04:05/ *09:01 heterozygote in RA susceptibility may be attributable to the synergistic contribution of 2 different pathways in which 2 alleles participate independently.
Naissance prématurée et lien mère-enfant : attachement de l'enfant, état de stress post-traumatique maternel
Authors: Abergel Manon , Blicharski Teresa 
Published: May 2013

De nombreuses études précédentes ont montré que la prématurité pouvait être la cause de conséquences psychologiques particulières chez l’enfant et chez le parent, et qu’un suivi précoce était utile. La présente recherche a pour but d’étudier la symptomatologie de l’état de stress post-traumatique maternel, ainsi que le type d’attachement de l’enfant lors d’une naissance prématurée, à l’âge de deux ans. 76 mères sont réparties en deux groupes équivalents, en fonction du statut de naissance de leur enfant : à terme ou prématuré. Elles ont rempli le questionnaire Q-Set Attachment de Waters et Deane, 1985, dans la version brève de Strayer (2004), en autoévaluation, pour évaluer la qualité d’attachement de l’enfant à sa mère, et le « Perinatal Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Questionnaire » pour distinguer les symptômes d’état de stress post-traumatique. La particularité de cette recherche est le choix de l’étude des représentations maternelles. Les résultats confirment le lien entre la prématurité et l’état de stress post-traumatique maternel à deux ans. Toutes les mères présentant un état de stress post-traumatique ont donné naissance à un enfant prématuré. La typologie d’attachement de l’enfant né prématurément à sa mère est marquée par la perception maternelle d’une certaine proximité et sensibilité sociale. Les enfants prématurés sont décrits par leur mère comme moins autonomes que les enfants nés à terme. Les résultats montrent également un lien entre le stress post-traumatique maternel et la qualité d’attachement de l’enfant : plus la mère présente un état de stress post-traumatique important, plus elle perçoit son enfant comme sensible. Cette recherche en psychopathologie développementale s’inscrit dans une volonté d’améliorer le bien-être des mères d’enfants prématurés, à travers la sphère du soin au sens large.
Le droit à la ville comme projet de nouvelle société
Authors: Carlos Ana Fani Alessandri 
Published: May 2013

Dans la période actuelle, la production de la ville répond avant tout aux exigences de la valorisation de la valeur sous la « commande » du capital privé : la valeur d’échange y domine. Des inégalités socio-spatiales profondes apparaissent — l’urbain étant révélateur d’un accès différencié à la ville — et s’expriment dans les relations contradictoires entre le centre et les immenses périphéries, marquées par la précarisation de l’habitat, des infrastructures et de l’emploi, sans compter l’insuffisance d’équipements collectifs. D’où des « mouvements sociaux » en réaction à l’extrême inégalité sociale résultant de la priorité accordée à la croissance économique au détriment du développement social. Cette situation est révélatrice de la lutte pour l’espace. La notion du “droit à la ville” théorisée par Henri Lefebvre trace une direction, appelle à la construction d’une nouvelle société (urbaine).
La manufacture de l'évaluation scientifique
Authors: Pontille David , Torny Didier 
Published: May 2013

Contre la vision d’une bibliométrie considérée comme un tout unifié et cohérent, cet article distingue trois composants majeurs des infrastructures informationnelles qui soutiennent l’évaluation de la recherche scientifique : les algorithmes, les jeux de données et les outils bibliométriques. En retraçant la genèse et le succès de certains de ces composants, de 1960 à nos jours, les auteurs identifient plusieurs configurations dans lesquelles s’articulent de manière différentielle la position des producteurs de jeux de données, la cible privilégiée des algorithmes et la forme des outils bibliométriques. Cette histoire montre des croisements répétés entre bibliométrie et webométrie, et rappelle que toute évaluation s’appuie nécessairement sur une définition des pairs jugés pertinents.
Notes et avis des consommateurs sur le web
Authors: Beauvisage Thomas , Beuscart Jean-Samuel , Cardon Vincent , Mellet Kevin , Trespeuch Marie 
Published: May 2013

Parmi les différentes sources d’information disponibles en ligne, les avis de consommateurs sont aujourd’hui très couramment utilisés. Ce dispositif de classement et de recommandation des biens et services se retrouve sur la plupart des sites de e-commerce mais également sur des plateformes dédiées, généralistes ou spécialisées (Ciao, Tripadvisor, Allocine, etc.). Il prend une forme relativement standardisée, combinant, modulo quelques variations, agrégation de notes et commentaires rédigés. À partir de l’observation de l’architecture de ces sites, du traitement de jeux de données collectées à cette fin et d’entretiens, l’article rend d’abord compte de la diffusion du dispositif « Note et Avis » en soulignant le mimétisme ou au contraire les aménagements spécifiques établis par les plateformes en fonction des équipements préexistants sur les marchés. L’article analyse ensuite les différentes façons dont, sur le Web, la parole profane est mise en forme par le dispositif et s’articule ou entre en conflit avec les formes expertes de l’évaluation des produits. Une typologie est enfin proposée pour cartographier le monde des sites de Notes et Avis, à partir, d’une part, des caractéristiques des produits qui sont évalués et, d’autre part, de la nature de l’incertitude sur la(es) qualité(s) qui pèse sur le consommateur dans sa phase de prospection.