bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transient SNAIL1 Expression Is Necessary for Metastatic Competence in Breast Cancer
Authors: Tran Hung D. , Luitel Krishna , Kim Michael , Zhang Kun , Longmore Gregory D. , Tran David D. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
SNAIL1 has been suggested to regulate breast cancer metastasis based on analyses of human breast tumor transcriptomes and experiments using cancer cell lines and xenografts. However, in vivo genetic experimental support for a role for SNAIL1 in breast cancer metastasis that develops in an immunocompetent tumor microenvironment has not been determined. To address this question, we created a genetic SNAIL1 model by coupling an endogenous SNAIL1 reporter with an inducible SNAIL1 transgene. Using multiple genetic models of breast cancer, we demonstrated that endogenous SNAIL1 expression was restricted to primary tumors that ultimately disseminate. SNAIL1 gene deletion either during the premalignant phase or after primary tumors have reached a palpable size blunted metastasis, indicating that late metastasis was the main driver of metastasis and that this was dependent on SNAIL1. Importantly, SNAIL1 expression during breast cancer metastasis was transient and forced transient, but not continuous. SNAIL1 expression in breast tumors was sufficient to increase metastasis. Cancer Res; 74(21); 6330–40. ©2014 AACR.
Notch Signaling Drives Stemness and Tumorigenicity of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wang Zhiqiang , Da Silva Thiago G. , Jin Ke , Han Xiaoqing , Ranganathan Prathibha , Zhu Xiaoxia , Sanchez-Mejias Avencia , Bai Feng , Li Bin , Fei Dennis Liang , Weaver Kelly , Carpio Rodrigo Vasquez-Del , Moscowitz Anna E. , Koshenkov Vadim P. , Sanchez Lilly , Sparling Lynne , Pei Xin-Hai , Franceschi Dido , Ribeiro Afonso , Robbins David J. , Livingstone Alan S. , Capobianco Anthony J. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma ranks sixth in cancer mortality in the world and its incidence has risen dramatically in the Western population over the last decades. Data presented herein strongly suggest that Notch signaling is critical for esophageal adenocarcinoma and underlies resistance to chemotherapy. We present evidence that Notch signaling drives a cancer stem cell phenotype by regulating genes that establish stemness. Using patient-derived xenograft models, we demonstrate that inhibition of Notch by gamma-secretase inhibitors (GSI) is efficacious in downsizing tumor growth. Moreover, we demonstrate that Notch activity in a patient's ultrasound-assisted endoscopic–derived biopsy might predict outcome to chemotherapy. Therefore, this study provides a proof of concept that inhibition of Notch activity will have efficacy in treating esophageal adenocarcinoma, offering a rationale to lay the foundation for a clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of GSI in esophageal adenocarcinoma treatment. Cancer Res; 74(21); 6364–74. ©2014 AACR.
Bromodomain Inhibition in Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma—Giving MYC a Brake
Authors: Mottok Anja , Gascoyne Randy D. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Bromodomains are conserved protein regions that function as epigenetic readers by recognizing specific histone modifications. The common association of bromodomains with enhancer and super-enhancer regions in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma contributes to its pathogenesis. Bromodomain inhibition reduces tumor growth largely through the disruption of transcriptional networks driven by oncogenic MYC. Clin Cancer Res; 21(1); 4–6. ©2014 AACR.
See related article by Trabucco et al., p. 113
Correlation between REM AHI and Quality‐of‐Life Scores in Children with Sleep‐Disordered Breathing
Authors: Baldassari Cristina Marie , Alam Lyla , Vigilar Maria , Benke James , Martin Charley , Ishman Stacey 
Published: August 2014

ObjectivesPrior research has demonstrated poor correlation between the obstructive apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) on full‐night polysomnogram (PSG) and quality‐of‐life (QOL) scores. We aim to examine the association between rapid eye movement (REM) AHI and QOL scores in children with sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB).Study DesignProspective trial.SettingTwo tertiary children's hospitals.Subjects and MethodsChildren between 3 and 16 years of age with suspected SDB who were undergoing PSG were eligible. Children with craniofacial anomalies were excluded. Subjects’ caregivers completed the Obstructive Sleep Apnea–18 (OSA‐18), a validated QOL survey. Power analysis determined a group size of 34.ResultsOne hundred twenty‐seven patients were enrolled. The mean (SD) age was 6.3 (3.3) years. Most subjects (52%) were black and 26% were obese. The mean (SD) obstructive AHI of the subject population was 5.4 (11.9), while the mean (SD) REM AHI was 13.1 (23.7). The mean total OSA‐18 score was 65.2, indicating a moderate impact of SDB on QOL. Neither the obstructive AHI (P =. 73) nor the REM AHI (P =. 49) correlated with total OSA‐18 scores. However, lower nadir oxygen saturation was associated with significantly poorer QOL (P =. 02). The sleep disturbance OSA‐18 subset score significantly correlated with both the obstructive AHI (r
2 = 0.22; P =. 01) and the REM AHI (r
2 = 0.22; P =. 01); the remaining 4 subset scores did not correlate with either factor.ConclusionNeither obstructive AHI nor REM AHI correlates with total OSA‐18 QOL scores. With the exception of nadir oxygen saturation, PSG parameters do not reflect the burden of SDB on QOL in children.
Promoter Methylation in Epithelial-Enriched and Epithelial-Depleted Cell Populations Isolated from Breast Milk
Authors: Browne Eva P. , Dinc Signem E. , Punska Elizabeth C. , Agus Sami , Vitrinel Ayca , Erdag Gulay Ciler , Anderton Douglas L. , Arcaro Kathleen F. , Yilmaz Bayram 
Published: August 2014

Background: Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among Turkish women and both the incidence and associated mortality appear to be increasing. Of particular concern is the percentage of young women diagnosed with breast cancer; roughly 20% of all breast cancer diagnoses in Turkey are in women younger than 40 years. Increased DNA methylation in the promoter region of tumor suppressor genes is a promising molecular biomarker, and human milk provides exfoliated breast epithelial cells appropriate for DNA methylation analyses. Comparisons between DNA methylation patterns in epithelial (epithelial-enriched) and nonepithelial (epithelial-depleted) cell fractions from breast milk have not been reported previously. Objective: In the present study, we examined promoter methylation of 3 tumor suppressor genes in epithelial-enriched and epithelial-depleted cell fractions isolated from breast milk of 43 Turkish women. Methods: Percentage methylation in the promoter region of Rass association domain family 1 (RASSF1), secreted frizzle related protein 1 (SFRP1), and glutathione- S-transferase class pi 1 was determined by pyrosequencing of the epithelial-enriched and epithelial-depleted cell fractions. Results: Pyrosequencing identified a few subjects with significantly increased methylation in 1 or more genes. There was little correlation between the 2 cell fractions within individuals; only 1 woman had increased methylation for 1 gene (SFRP1) in both her enriched and depleted cell fractions. Methylation was positively associated with age for SFRP1 (epithelial-depleted fraction) and with body mass index for RASSF1 (epithelial-enriched cell fraction), respectively. Conclusion: Overall, results show that the methylation signals vary between different cell types in breast milk and suggest that breast milk can be used to assess DNA methylation patterns associated with increased breast cancer risk.
Persistent antiphospholipid antibody (aPL) in asymptomatic carriers as a risk factor for future thrombotic events: a nationwide prospective study
Authors: Mustonen P , Lehtonen K V , Javela K , Puurunen M 
Published: August 2014

Objectives The long-term prognosis of individuals fulfilling the laboratory criteria, but not clinical criteria, of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) has not been widely investigated. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of first thrombotic event (deep venous thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), myocardial infarction (MI), stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA) in a nationwide antiphospholipid antibody (aPL) carrier cohort. Design We conducted a prospective nationwide cohort study. Setting The aPL profile of participants was recorded from the laboratory database. Information was collected about thrombotic and pregnancy complications, subsequent medical history, other risk factors for thrombosis, use of prophylactic antithrombotic medication and general health. Participants Participants included adult asymptomatic aPL carriers recognized in Finland during 1971–2009. Main outcome measure The main outcome measure was incidence of first thrombotic event. Results A total of 119 (89% female) aPL carriers were followed for mean (SD) of 9.1 (7.5) years (range 3–41 years). Sixty-one per cent of the study participants had autoimmune disease, most often systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Thirty-six of 119 (30%) were either double or triple positive, 56% single lupus anticoagulant (LA) positive, and 8% and 5% single anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) and anti-β2glycoprotein I antibodies (aβ2GPI) positive, respectively. Nine (7.6%) study patients experienced a first thrombotic event (five DVT, one PE, two MI, one TIA) mean (SD) 7.2 (8.3) years (range 1–26 years) after aPL detection (annual incidence rate 0.8%). All individuals who developed thrombotic complications had autoimmune disease. Annual rate of first thrombotic event in carriers of single positivity (0.65%) was equal to the known risk of thrombosis in the healthy Caucasian population, whereas the rate was two times higher in carriers of double or triple positivity (1.27%). Sixteen of 79 (20%) women experienced pregnancy complications. Conclusions Double or triple positivity for aPL is a risk factor for future thrombotic events, especially in individuals with an underlying autoimmune disease, whereas single positivity does not seem to carry an elevated risk of thrombosis.
Does the Approach of Disclosing More Detailed Information of Cancer for the Terminally Ill Patients Improve the Quality of Communication Involving Patients, Families, and Medical Professionals?
Authors: Nakajima Nobuhisa , Kusumoto Kenju , Onishi Hideki , Ishida Mayumi 
Published: August 2014

Purpose: Effective and faithful communication between patients and medical professionals could improve patients' quality of life and is an essential and fundamental factor in cancer treatment. The purpose of this study was to examine whether disclosing more detailed information about disease progression toterminally ill patients could improve the quality of communication. Methods: This was a before/after study of 91 consecutive terminal cancer patients. Based on the previous studies, we categorized cancer disclosure into 4 groups: A;“non-disclosure”, B;“disclosure of cancer diagnosis”, C;“disclosureof life-threatening disease”, and D;“disclosure of poor prognosis”. We disclosed more detailed information based on the SPIKES protocol and compared the scores of 3 communication items of Support Team Assessment Schedule (Japanese version) measured between at admission and one-week after this approach. Results: A, B, C and D groups included 8, 25, 40, and 18 cases, respectively. This approach to cancer disclosure was implemented in 37.5% of group A, 60% of group B, and 40% of group C. In group B, all 3 communications were significantly improved (2.40 ± 0.51 vs 1.53 ± 0.83, 1.93 ± 0.96 vs 1.00 ± 0.38, 2.13 ± 0.64 vs 1.13 ± 0.64; p = 0.0035, 0.0062, 0.0013). In group C, all 3 communications were significantly improved (1.25 ± 0.58 vs 0.81 ± 0.66, 1.13 ± 0.34 vs 0.69 ± 0.48, 1.31±0.60 vs 0.56 ± 0.63; p = 0.020, 0.0082, 0.0057). Conclusions: This study revealed that disclosing more detailed information of cancer for terminally ill cancer patients contributed to improving the quality of communication, irrespective of the stage of disclosure.
An evaluation of a public health practitioner registration programme: lessons learned for workforce development
Authors: Rahman Em , Wills Jane 
Published: August 2014

Aim: This article explores the lessons learned for workforce development from an evaluation of a regional programme to support the assessment and registration of public health practitioners to the UK Public Health Register (UKPHR) in England. Methods: A summative and process evaluation of the public health practitioner programme in Wessex was adopted. Data collection was by an online survey of 32 public health practitioners in the Wessex area and semi-structured interviews with 53 practitioners, programme support, employers and system leaders. Results: All survey respondents perceived regulation of the public health workforce as very important or important. Managers and system leaders saw a register of those fit to practise and able to define themselves as a public health practitioner as a necessary assurance of quality for the public. Yet, because registration is voluntary for practitioners, less value was currently placed on this than on completing a master’s qualification. The local programme supports practitioners in the compilation of a retrospective portfolio of evidence that demonstrates fitness to practise; practitioners and managers stated that this does not support current and future learning needs or the needs of those working at a senior level. Conclusion: One of the main purposes of statutory regulation of professionals is to protect the public by an assurance of fitness to practise where there is a potential for harm. The widening role for public health practitioners without any regulation means that there is the risk of inappropriate interventions or erroneous advice. Regulators, policy makers and system leaders need to consider how they can support the development of the public health workforce to gain professional recognition at all levels of public health, including practitioners alongside specialists, and support a professional career framework for the public health system.
Bedside to bench in juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia: insights into leukemogenesis from a rare pediatric leukemia
Authors: Chang Tiffany Y. , Dvorak Christopher C. , Loh Mignon L. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractJuvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) is a typically aggressive myeloid neoplasm of childhood that is clinically characterized by overproduction of monocytic cells that can infiltrate organs, including the spleen, liver, gastrointestinal tract, and lung. JMML is categorized as an overlap myelodysplastic syndrome/myeloproliferative neoplasm (MDS/MPN) by the World Health Organization and also shares some clinical and molecular features with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, a similar disease in adults. Although the current standard of care for patients with JMML relies on allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant, relapse is the most frequent cause of treatment failure. Tremendous progress has been made in defining the genomic landscape of JMML. Insights from cancer predisposition syndromes have led to the discovery of nearly 90% of driver mutations in JMML, all of which thus far converge on the Ras signaling pathway. This has improved our ability to accurately diagnose patients, develop molecular markers to measure disease burden, and choose therapeutic agents to test in clinical trials. This review emphasizes recent advances in the field, including mapping of the genomic and epigenome landscape, insights from new and existing disease models, targeted therapeutics, and future directions.
Synthesis and characterizations of Ni-NiO nanoparticles on PDDA-modified graphene for oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Yung Tung-Yuan , Huang Li-Ying , Chan Tzu-Yi , Wang Kuan-Syun , Liu Ting-Yu , Chen Po-Tuan , Chao Chi-Yang , Liu Ling-Kang 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
We are presenting our recent research results about the Ni-NiO nanoparticles on poly-(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)-modified graphene sheet (Ni-NiO/PDDA-G) nanocomposites prepared by the hydrothermal method at 90°C for 24 h. The Ni-NiO nanoparticles on PDDA-modified graphene sheets are measured by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern for exploring the structural evidence to apply in the electrochemical catalysts. The size of Ni-NiO nanoparticles is around 5 nm based on TEM observations. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results show the Ni in the (012), (110), (110), (200), and (220) crystalline orientations, respectively. Moreover, the crystalline peaks of NiO are found in (111) and (220). The thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) result represents the loading content of the Ni metal which is about 34.82 wt%. The electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis/X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ESCA/XPS) reveals the Ni0 to NiII ratio in metal phase. The electrochemical studies with Ni-NiO/PDDA-G in 0.5 M aqueous H2SO4 were studied for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR).
Ultraviolet/blue light-emitting diodes based on single horizontal ZnO microrod/GaN heterojunction
Authors: Du Chia-Fong , Lee Chen-Hui , Cheng Chao-Tsung , Lin Kai-Hsiang , Sheu Jin-Kong , Hsu Hsu-Cheng 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
We report electroluminescence (EL) from single horizontal ZnO microrod (MR) and p-GaN heterojunction light-emitting diodes under forward and reverse bias. EL spectra were composed of two blue emissions centered at 431 and 490 nm under forward biases, but were dominated by a ultraviolet (UV) emission located at 380 nm from n-ZnO MR under high reverse biases. Light-output-current characteristic of the UV emission reveals that the rate of radiative recombination is faster than that of the nonradiative recombination. Highly efficient ZnO excitonic recombination at reverse bias is caused by electrons tunneling from deep-level states near the n-ZnO/p-GaN interface to the conduction band in n-ZnO.
Prevalence of national treatment algorithm defined smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV positive patients in Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
Authors: Linguissi Laure Stella Ghoma , Mayengue Pembe Issamou , Sidibé Anissa , Vouvoungui Jeannhey C , Missontsa Mitawa , Madzou-Laboum Igor Kevin , Essassa Gaston Bango , Oyakhirome Sunny , Frank Matthias , Penlap Veronique , Ntoumi Francine 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

Background
In the Republic in Congo, the national algorithm for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) relies on Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) sputum smear microscopy, chest X-ray radiography (CXR) and clinical symptoms. Microscopy positive pulmonary TB (MPT+) is defined as symptoms of TB and a positive ZN smear. Microscopy negative pulmonary TB (MPT-) is defined as symptoms of TB, a negative ZN smear but CXR changes consistent with TB. The present cross-sectional study was designed to determine the prevalence of positive and negative MPT individuals among HIV positive and HIV negative individuals presenting to an ambulatory TB treatment center (CTA) in Brazzaville.

Methods
All study participants underwent a physical examination, chest radiography and three ZN sputum smear examinations and HIV testing. Viral load and CD4 counts were determined for HIV positive individuals.

Results
775 individuals presented with symptoms of TB. 425 individuals accepted the voluntary HIV test. 133 (31.3%) were HIV positive (HIV+) and 292 (68.7%) were HIV negative (HIV-). Of the 292 HIV- individuals 167 (57%) were classified as positive MPT and 125 (43%) as negative MPT. Of the 133 HIV positive individuals 39 (29%) were classified as MPT + and 94 (71%) as MPT-.

Conclusion
Our study shows that the prevalence of positive MPT individuals is lower among HIV positive individuals compared to HIV negative individuals in agreement to reports from other countries. The data suggest that a substantial number of HIV positive pulmonary TB cases are not detected by the national algorithm and highlight the need for new diagnostic tests in this population.
The successful detection of postpartum unruptured vaginal pseudoaneurysm using ultrasonography: a case report
Authors: Gondo Saki , Urushiyama Daichi , Yoshizato Toshiyuki , Kora Shinichi , Maehara Miyako , Kondo Haruhiko , Miyamoto Shingo 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

Introduction
We report the first case of the successful detection of postpartum unruptured vaginal pseudoaneurysm using power- and pulsed-Doppler ultrasonography after delivery.

Case description
A 38-year-old primiparous Japanese woman had a vaginal laceration with pulsatile bleeding after delivering by vacuum extraction. Transvaginal ultrasonography of the repaired vaginal wall showed an 18 × 20 mm hematoma within which a 6 × 7 mm pulsating anechoic mass was detected. Power-Doppler ultrasonography showed blood flow signals in the anechoic mass. Arterial waveforms detected in pulsed-Doppler mode were suggestive of unruptured pseudoaneurysm. Careful monitoring with contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed an increase in the size of the pseudoaneurysm on the fourth postpartum day. On the sixth postpartum day, massive vaginal bleeding occurred. Emergency angiography revealed strong staining with extravasation from the left vaginal artery, confirming the diagnosis of pseudoaneurysm. Embolization for hemostasis was successfully performed.

Discussion and evaluation
As far as we know, our case is the first in which an unruptured vaginal pseudoaneurysm was diagnosed using ultrasonography. The differential diagnoses of pseudoaneurysm are arteriovenous malformations including arteriovenous fistula. This case had the typical ultrasonographic patterns of pseudoaneurysm in which the presence of one or two cystic masses in B-mode and color- and/or power-Doppler flow signals was demonstrated along with high-resistance arterial flow waveforms in pulsed-Doppler mode. Sequential examinations of contrast-enhanced CT showed ongoing development of the pseudoaneurysm. In retrospect, we could have performed angiography for embolization when the unruptured pseudoaneurysm was diagnosed, or at the latest when ongoing development of the pseudo-aneurysm was recognized, irrespective of whether symptoms were present.

Conclusions
Ultrasonography is a non-invasive and clinically useful modality in the differential diagnosis of pseudoaneurysm. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography with or without ultrasonography can be useful for sequential monitoring of the size of unruptured pseudoaneurysms.