bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Designing health promoting foods for the ageing population: a qualitative approach
Authors: Collins Orla , Bogue Joe 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to gather stakeholder tacit knowledge to design new product concepts with optimal product attributes for new health promoting food products for the ageing population.

Design/methodology/approach
– This research employed a qualitative research method. A total of 16 in-depth interviews were carried out to identify key product design attributes. These attributes were used to design health promoting foods for the ageing population.

Findings
– Age-related conditions affect and alter the design of health promoting foods targeted at the ageing population. Providing the ageing consumer segment with access to health promoting foods facilitates positive ageing intervention. The integration of affordability and convenience elements into ageing food design attributes is important for product acceptance. The multi-level demands and heterogeneity of ageing consumers result in the need for a variety of nutritionally tailored food formats. A dairy-based beverage was considered to be the optimal product concept for the ageing population.

Research limitations/implications
– The inclusion of stakeholders from the food industry could result in levels of food industry bias. The sample size of stakeholders was limited to 16 participants. One interview guide was used throughout all interviews to ensure consistency levels. A more flexible instrument may have captured more specific stakeholder information.

Practical implications
– During the early stages of the new product development process, a market-oriented research methodology can help to optimise product design in terms of product attributes that drive consumer acceptance.

Originality/value
– This paper provides important insights into the significance of stakeholder tacit knowledge generation throughout the need identification stage of the NPD process. Specifically this paper provides stakeholder tacit knowledge on the optimal design of health promoting foods for the ageing population. This knowledge has the ability to provide market-oriented information on health promoting food concepts which can be valuable for food manufacturers to maximise NPD performance, create value and develop competitive advantage within their marketplace. Finally, design templates of health promoting foods for the ageing population are of high strategic importance to food manufacturers, governments, health professionals and medical professionals.
Climate risk management in river-based tilapia cage culture in northern Thailand
Authors: Lebel Phimphakan , Whangchai Niwooti , Chitmanat Chanagun , Lebel Louis 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to analyse how fish farmers manage climate-related risks and explore possible ways to strengthen risk management under current and future climate.

Design/methodology/approach
– In total, 662 fish farmers in sites across Northern Thailand were interviewed about risks to the profitability of their fish farms and ways such risks were managed. Nonlinear canonical correlation analysis was used to relate risk factors to management practices at farm and river levels. In total, 68 in-depth interviews with farmers and other stakeholders provided additional information on climate risk management practices.

Findings
– Farmers use a combination of adjustments to rearing practices, cropping calendars and financial and social measures to manage those risks, which they perceive as being manageable. Many risks are season, river and place specific; implying that the risk profiles of individual farms can vary substantially. Individual risks are often addressed through multiple practices and strategies; conversely, a particular management practice can have a bearing on several different risks. Farmers recognize that risks must be managed at farm and higher spatial and administrative scales. Social relations and information play critical roles in managing these complex combinations of risks.

Originality/value
– This is one of the first papers to report in detail on how inland fish farmers manage climate-related risks. It underlines the need to consider multiple spatial and temporal scales and that farmers do not manage individual climate-related risks in isolation from other risks.
Exploring the policy environment for mainstreaming community-based adaptation (CBA) in Nepal
Authors: Regmi Bimal Raj , Star Cassandra 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to shed light onto the policy context of mainstreaming community-based adaptation (CBA) in Nepal. Scaling up CBA needs strong policy support.

Design/methodology/approach
– The content and processes of Nepal’s development policies and climate change policies and programmes were examined. The policy analysis was supported by a literature review, review of policy documents and interviews and discussions undertaken with policy-makers, practitioners and communities.

Findings
– Findings show that despite a lack of clear focus on climate change, the decentralization provisions and bottom-up practices within Nepal’s development policies and plans could be the entry points for mainstreaming CBA. However, experience shows that decentralization alone is insufficient because it benefits only a few institutions and individuals, while marginalizing the real beneficiaries. One of the policy conditions to mainstreaming CBA in development is to ensure that there are specific provisions for decentralization and inclusive devolution that can provide power and authority to local institutions and communities to make independent decisions and benefit the needy. There should also be mandatory legal provisions, endorsed by a country’s government, for an inclusive, citizen-centric, participatory and bottom-up policy-making process that involves the most vulnerable households and communities.

Originality/value
– This paper is of relevance to policy-makers and practitioners in Nepal seeking to make informed policy decisions on effectively mainstreaming CBA into development. The analysis provided of the synergy and trade-offs within existing policy provisions and processes can be used to guide the government and stakeholders in Nepal and other least developed countries (LDCs) in creating favorable national- and local-level policies and action plans.
Modelling climate change risks for food security in the Philippines
Authors: Carandang Julien L. , Banaguas Glenn S. , Flores Mary Jane C. , Carandang VI Jose Santos R. 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper was to look into the impacts brought about by climate change to the food security in Saguday, Quirino in the Philippines.

Design/methodology/approach
– A framework for developing community food security was utilized which identified the need to mitigate and address inherent externalities in a community such as flooding due to climate change as necessary preconditions to attaining a food secure environment. The study highlighted Saguday’s risk to externalities using risk assessment and modelling.

Findings
– Data from literature reviews and agency reports were validated by key informant interviews of local and national officials and focus group discussions with different stakeholder groups.

Originality/value
– A modification of the Urban Food Security Planning Process developed by Taylor and Carandang (2010, 2011) was utilized to address the local government unit’s need to mitigate and manage the inherent geographical risks that Saguday has in relation to its agricultural and food productivity.
Enhancing international assignees’ performance with online social networks
Authors: Crowne Kerri Anne , Goeke Richard J. , Shoemaker Mary 
Published: November 2015

Purpose– Adjustment to the new locale is one of the primary factors that influence performance on an international assignment. The purpose of this paper is to propose a model that depicts how online social networks may contribute to international assignees’ adjustment via their influence on well-being and knowledge transfer.Design/methodology/approach– The present research uses network theory and readily available technology to develop a model of how online supportive social networks and informational social networks may increase the international assignee’s well-being and knowledge transfer (with prior/next assignees and with the organization). These increases will subsequently have a positive impact on the assignee’s adjustment and ultimately his/her job performance.Findings– Since this paper is conceptual rather than empirical, there are no findings; however, it is argued that online social networks may have a positive impact on an expatriate’s well-being, knowledge transfer, adjustment, and job performance.Research limitations/implications– This paper is a conceptual piece, so data will need to be collected to test the model developed here. Furthermore, other factors may influence international assignee adjustment, such as spouse and/or family adjustment.Practical implications– Suggestions are provided regarding how organizations can utilize in-house or external online social networks to assist international assignees.Originality/value– Despite the ubiquity of online social networks, there is a paucity of research examining the potential impact of online social networks on international assignees.
Fuzzy cognitive mapping for predicting hydromorphological responses to multiple pressures in rivers
Authors: Lorenz Stefan , Martinez‐Fernández Vanesa , Alonso Carlos , Mosselman Erik , García de Jalón Diego , González del Tánago Marta , Belletti Barbara , Hendriks Dimmie , Wolter Christian 
Published: November 2015

Summary

Different pressures often co‐occur in rivers and act simultaneously on important processes and variables. This complicates the diagnosis of hydromorphological alterations and hampers the design of effective restoration measures.

Here, we present a conceptual meta‐analysis that aims at identifying the most relevant hydromorphological processes and variables controlling ecological degradation and restoration. For that purpose, we used fuzzy cognitive mapping based on conceptual schemes that were created according to 675 scientific peer‐reviewed river hydromorphology studies.

A model generated from this approach predicts responses that are consistent with common understanding of the direct interactions between hydromorphological pressures, processes and variables. However, it also leads to new knowledge beyond traditional hydromorphological models by dealing with the complex interactions of hydromorphology, vegetation, water chemistry and thermal regime.

Water flow dynamics appeared as the most important of all hydromorphological processes affected by simultaneously interacting pressures. Relevant processes such as vegetation encroachment and sediment entrainment are closely linked to water flow.

Synthesis and applications. Our results demonstrate the relevance of natural flow regime rehabilitation for river management. Hence, we suggest focusing primarily on rehabilitating the natural flow regime before carrying out extensive habitat restoration works. This challenging target in river rehabilitation could strongly increase the success of additional habitat restoration.
Road avoidance responses determine the impact of heterogeneous road networks at a regional scale
Authors: D'Amico Marcello , Périquet Stéphanie , Román Jacinto , Revilla Eloy 
Published: November 2015

Summary

Barrier effect is a road‐related impact affecting several animal populations. It can be caused by behavioural responses towards roads (surface and/or gap avoidance), associated emissions (traffic‐emissions avoidance) and/or circulating vehicles (vehicle avoidance). Most studies so far have described road‐effect zones along major roads, without determining the actual factor inducing the behavioural response.

The purpose of the present study was to assess the factors potentially causing road‐effect zones in a heterogeneous road network (with variations in road width, road surface and traffic volume) and eventually to estimate the reduction of habitat quality imposed by roads within a protected area (Doñana Biosphere Reserve, Spain). As model species, we used two ungulates, red deer Cervus elaphus and wild boar Sus scrofa.

We surveyed the presence of both species along 200‐m transects. All transects started and were perpendicular to reference roads (those with a traffic volume above 10 cars per day), often intersecting unpaved minor roads with virtually no traffic.

The presence probability of both species was mainly affected by the distance to the nearest road (in most cases unpaved roads without traffic), but also by the proximity to reference roads. Red deer presence was also affected by the traffic volume of the nearest reference road. At a regional scale, the overall road network within the protected area imposes a reduction in presence probability of 40% for red deer and 55% for wild boar. A road network optimization, decommissioning unused and unpaved roads, would re‐establish almost entirely the potential habitat quality (91% for both species).

Synthesis and applications. We found that both study species avoided roads regardless of their surface or traffic volume, suggesting a response due to gap avoidance which may be based on the association between linear infrastructures and the possibility of vehicles occurring along them. The overall behavioural response can substantially decrease habitat quality over large scales, including the conservation value of protected areas. For this reason, we recommend road network optimization by road decommissioning to mitigate the impact of roads at a regional scale, with potential positive effects at ecosystem level.
Improving spatial arrangement of honeybee colonies to avoid pollination shortfall and depressed fruit set
Authors: Cunningham Saul A. , Fournier Alice , Neave Michael J. , Le Feuvre Danny 
Published: November 2015

Summary

Pollination shortfalls affect yield of many crops, and the use of managed honeybee colonies is a common practice for addressing the problem. However, colony density and arrangement strategies are not generally based on replicated scientific trials, so there is considerable uncertainty regarding effectiveness of different practices. We address this problem with experiments in almond orchards in south‐east Australia, considering impacts on honeybee pollen foraging and fruit set.

We examined the effect of distance from colony location on the depletion rate of pollen from flowers near (~40 m) and far (260–490 m) from colonies in almond orchards. We assessed pollen loads of 950 flowers in total, collected at four times of day (9–9:30 h, 11–11:30 h, 13–13:30 h and 15–15:30 h), from 8 near : far pairs. We also surveyed fruit set on nearly 900 trees in replicated transects over two seasons to determine the effect of distance from colony when using large placements of colonies (~120 colonies, N = 581 trees), and effect of colony density when using smaller placements of colonies (N = 313 trees).

Flowers near colonies maintained an approximately constant mean pollen load over the course of the day, indicating that the rate of pollen released by flowers was matched by the rate of pollen collection by bees. Flowers far from colonies increased in pollen load over the course of the day, indicating relatively less pollen‐collecting activity, so that by 15:30 h they had, on average, 46% more than flowers near colonies.

Fruit set declined with distance by 22% over 850 m, consistent with the observation that pollen foraging declines over distance from colony. Fruit set also declined with colony density from 46% at 6·8 colonies per ha to 33% at 2·8 colonies per ha.

Synthesis and applications. Pollen‐collecting activity is relatively low at flowers far from honeybee colonies, creating a risk of lost yield through underpollination. Fruit set declines if colony density is reduced below 6·8 colonies per ha. Pollination outcomes in terms of fruit set are improved when fewer colonies are used per placement (<100) and placements of colonies are arranged with shorter distances (<700 m) between them, so that more trees are within 400 m of colonies.
Comparison of a traditional and non‐traditional residential care facility for persons living with dementia and the impact of the environment on occupational engagement
Authors: Richards Kieva , D'Cruz Rachel , Harman Suzanne , Stagnitti Karen 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundDementia residential facilities can be described as traditional or non‐traditional facilities. Non‐traditional facilities aim to utilise principles of environmental design to create a milieu that supports persons experiencing cognitive decline. This study aimed to compare these two environments in rural Australia, and their influence on residents’ occupational engagement.MethodsThe Residential Environment Impact Survey (REIS) was used and consists of: a walk‐through of the facility; activity observation; interviews with residents and employees. Thirteen residents were observed and four employees interviewed. Resident interviews did not occur given the population diagnosis of moderate to severe dementia. Descriptive data from the walk‐through and activity observation were analysed for potential opportunities of occupational engagement. Interviews were thematically analysed to discern perception of occupational engagement of residents within their facility.ResultsBoth facilities provided opportunities for occupational engagement. However, the non‐traditional facility provided additional opportunities through employee interactions and features of the physical environment. Interviews revealed six themes: Comfortable environment; roles and responsibilities; getting to know the resident; more stimulation can elicit increased engagement; the home‐like experience and environmental layout. These themes coupled with the features of the environment provided insight into the complexity of occupational engagement within this population.ConclusionThis study emphasises the influence of the physical and social environment on occupational engagement opportunities. A non‐traditional dementia facility maximises these opportunities and can support development of best‐practice guidelines within this population.
The efficacy and safety of sodium hyaluronate injection (Adant®) in treating degenerative osteoarthritis: a multi‐center, randomized, double‐blind, positive‐drug parallel‐controlled and non‐inferiority clinical study
Authors: Xin Yang , Jianhao Lin , Tiansheng Sun , Yongqiang Hao , Weimin Fan , Ming Chen , Tiezheng Sun , Jianhua Yao , Liang Xuan , Xiaoyuan Gu , Yongping Cao 
Published: November 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the efficacy and safety of two different sodium hyaluronate drugs in treating degenerative osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee.MethodThis randomized, multi‐center, double‐blind, positive‐drug, parallel‐controlled study included 229 patients aged ≥ 45 years who were clinically diagnosed with degenerative OA of the knee. The patients were randomly assigned to receive for 5 consecutive weeks a once‐weekly intra‐articular injection of the investigational drug Adant®, which is manufactured by fermentation, or the control drug Artz®, which is manufactured by extraction of cockscomb. The follow‐up examinations were conducted 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 weeks after the first injection. The primary efficacy parameter was the decrease in the visual analog scale (VAS) scores of pain on movement caused by load‐bearing, and the secondary efficacy parameter was the decrease in the Lequesne index.ResultsThe intra‐articular injections of Adant® and Artz® produced a significant reduction in the VAS scores for pain on movement (50.4 and 50.3 mm, respectively) and in the Lequesne index. There were no significant differences in efficacy and safety between the two drugs and non‐inferiority in VAS score decreases was confirmed.ConclusionThe results of this study show that both Adant® and Artz® are effective for the treatment of OA and that there were no statistical differences between them in the VAS scores of pain on movement, Lequesne index or safety during the observation period with short‐time follow up.
Research design considerations to ensure detection of all species in an avian community
Authors: Sliwinski Maggi , Powell Larkin , Koper Nicola , Giovanni Matthew , Schacht Walter 
Published: November 2015

Summary

Recent advances in the estimation of species richness from count data have allowed avian ecologists to incorporate incomplete detectability of species when comparing richness across space or time. Raw counts from single or repeated visits to sample point(s) are nonetheless still used for assessing community composition, and the failure to account for detectability when making these evaluations may lead to incorrect inferences about the community.

We estimated detection probabilities (P) for a suite of bird species and used these detection probabilities to determine the minimum number of visits at a single point and the minimum number of points in a grid required to confidently (≥90%) detect the full community of birds for rare, moderately rare, and common species. We used occupancy modelling to estimate the detection probabilities for species from two study sites in Nebraska and Saskatchewan.

Some common or highly detectable species were confidently detected in a single visit to a point, whereas others with low detection probabilities (P < 0·20) required more than ten visits to be confidently detected at a point. The grid size required to detect a species in an area varied from a single point for a common highly detectable species to over 30 points for a rare species with low detectability.

Detection probabilities of the least detectable species in a study area can be used to determine the number of visits to a single point or the number of points in a grid to be confident that the full community is detected. Biologists can conclude that a species is most likely absent from the community if it remains undetected using the appropriate sampling effort.
Microbiota Protects Mice Against Acute Alcohol‐Induced Liver Injury
Authors: Chen Peng , Miyamoto Yukiko , Mazagova Magdalena , Lee Kuei‐Chuan , Eckmann Lars , Schnabl Bernd 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundOur aim is to investigate the physiological relevance of the intestinal microbiota in alcohol‐induced liver injury. Chronic alcohol abuse is associated with intestinal bacterial overgrowth, increased intestinal permeability, and translocation of microbial products from the intestine to the portal circulation and liver. Translocated microbial products contribute to experimental alcoholic liver disease.MethodsWe subjected germ‐free and conventional C57BL/6 mice to a model of acute alcohol exposure that mimics binge drinking.ResultsGerm‐free mice showed significantly greater liver injury and inflammation after oral gavage of ethanol (EtOH) compared with conventional mice. In parallel, germ‐free mice exhibited increased hepatic steatosis and up‐regulated expression of genes involved in fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis compared with conventional mice after acute EtOH administration. The absence of microbiota was also associated with increased hepatic expression of EtOH‐metabolizing enzymes, which led to faster EtOH elimination from the blood and lower plasma EtOH concentrations. Intestinal levels of EtOH‐metabolizing genes showed regional expression differences and were overall higher in germ‐free mice relative to conventional mice.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that absence of the intestinal microbiota increases hepatic EtOH metabolism and the susceptibility to binge‐like alcohol drinking.