bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socio-economic and lifestyle parameters associated with diet quality of children and adolescents using classification and regression tree analysis: the DIATROFI study
Authors: Yannakoulia Mary , Lykou Anastasia , Kastorini Christina Maria , Saranti Papasaranti Eirini , Petralias Athanassios , Veloudaki Afroditi , Linos Athena ,   on behalf of the DIATROFI Program Research Team
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo explore factors affecting children’s and adolescents’ diet quality, in the framework of a food aid and promotion of healthy nutrition programme implemented in areas of low socio-economic status of Greece, during the current financial crisis.DesignFrom a total of 162 schools participating in the programme during 2012–2013, we gathered 15 897 questionnaires recording sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle parameters and dietary habits of children and their families. As a measure of socio-economic status, the Family Affluence Scale (FAS) was used; whereas for the assessment of diet quality, the KIDMED score was computed. Associations between KIDMED and FAS, physical activity and socio-economic parameters were examined using regression and classification–regression tree analysis (CART).ResultsThe higher the FAS score, the greater the percentage of children and adolescents who reported to consume, on a daily basis, fruits and vegetables, dairy products and breakfast (P<0·001). Results from CART showed that children and adolescents in the medium or high FAS groups had higher KIDMED score, compared with those in the low FAS group. For those in the low FAS group, KIDMED score is expected to increase by 12·4 % when they spend more than 0·25 h/week in sports activities. The respective threshold for the medium and high FAS groups is 1·75 h/week, while education of the mother and father affected KIDMED score significantly as well.ConclusionsDiet quality is strongly influenced by socio-economic parameters in children and adolescents living in economically disadvantaged areas of Greece, so that lower family affluence is associated with worse diet quality.
Maternal body image dissatisfaction and BMI change in school-age children
Authors: Duchin Ofra , Marin Constanza , Mora-Plazas Mercedes , Villamor Eduardo 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectiveParental body image dissatisfaction (BID) is associated with children’s weight in cross-sectional studies; however, it is unknown whether BID predicts development of adiposity. The objective of the present study was to investigate the associations between maternal dissatisfaction with her or her child’s body and children’s BMI trajectories.DesignLongitudinal study. Maternal dissatisfaction (BID) with her and her child’s body was calculated based on ratings of Stunkard scales obtained at recruitment, as current minus desired body image. Children’s height and weight were measured at baseline and annually for a median of 2·5 years. Mixed-effects models with restricted cubic splines were used to construct sex- and weight-specific BMI-for-age curves according to maternal BID levels.SettingPublic primary schools in Bogotá, Colombia.SubjectsChildren (n1523) aged 5–12 years and their mothers.ResultsAfter multivariable adjustment, heavy boys and thin girls whose mothers desired a thinner child gained an estimated 1·7 kg/m2more BMI (P=0·04) and 2·4 kg/m2less BMI (P=0·004), respectively, between the age 6 and 14 years, than children of mothers without BID. Normal-weight boys whose mothers desired a thinner child’s body gained an estimated 1·8 kg/m2less BMI than normal-weight boys of mothers without BID (P=0·02). Maternal BID with herself was positively related to children’s BMI gain during follow-up.ConclusionsMaternal BID is associated with child’s BMI trajectories in a sex- and weight-specific manner.
iSpectra: An Open Source Toolbox For The Analysis of Spectral Images Recorded on Scanning Electron Microscopes
Authors: Liebske Christian 
Published: July 2015

AbstractiSpectra is an open source and system-independent toolbox for the analysis of spectral images (SIs) recorded on energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) systems attached to scanning electron microscopes (SEMs). The aim of iSpectra is to assign pixels with similar spectral content to phases, accompanied by cumulative phase spectra with superior counting statistics for quantification. Pixel-to-phase assignment starts with a threshold-based pre-sorting of spectra to create groups of pixels with identical elemental budgets, similar to a method described by van Hoek (2014). Subsequent merging of groups and re-assignments of pixels using elemental or principle component histogram plots enables the user to generate chemically and texturally plausible phase maps. A variety of standard image processing algorithms can be applied to groups of pixels to optimize pixel-to-phase assignments, such as morphology operations to account for overlapping excitation volumes over pixels located at phase boundaries. iSpectra supports batch processing and allows pixel-to-phase assignments to be applied to an unlimited amount of SIs, thus enabling phase mapping of large area samples like petrographic thin sections.
Knowledge, attitudes and beliefs towards waterpipe tobacco smoking and electronic shisha (e-shisha) among young adults in London: a qualitative analysis
Authors: Kotecha Shrinal , Jawad Mohammed , Iliffe Steve 
Published: July 2015

IntroductionWaterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS), known in the United Kingdom as shisha, is popular among adolescents worldwide. Some electronic cigarettes are marketed in the United Kingdom as ‘electronic shisha’ (e-shisha). This study aimed to understand how WTS users view e-shisha and whether it could be used as a harm-reduction or cessation aid.MethodIn-depth face-to-face interviews were conducted with 16 young adults recruited by snowball sampling in London, UK. Recurrent themes were derived iteratively through thematic analysis.ResultsWTS is a socially acceptable activity, carried out at home or in a café. Peer influence and flavour play a key role in its use. Participants were aware of some health risks of WTS, although many accepted this risk and reported a need for more health-related WTS information. Although participants were familiar with e-shisha, there was no evidence of its use as a harm-reduction or cessation product. E-shisha tasted different to flavoured waterpipe tobacco and removed the positive social attributes typically ascribed to WTS. Waterpipe users felt e-shisha may encourage non-users to initiate cigarettes or WTS.ConclusionOpinions of reduced risk in using WTS may be due to the lack of available information, misconceptions and its easy accessibility. E-shisha does not appear to play a role in WTS harm reduction or cessation. On-going research efforts should test educational interventions addressing the adverse health impacts of WTS in this population group.
Spirituality and/or religious faith: A means for coping with the effects of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease?
Authors: O'brien Mary R. , Clark David 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjective:The notion of spirituality/religious belief is recognized internationally as a domain within end-of-life care and is important in patients' and carers' quality-of-life. When faced with incurable illness, patients often become more philosophical about their life; many seek comfort in spiritual or religious philosophies. Our intention was to understand how personal spirituality and religious faith might help those living with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease (ALS/MND) cope with their impending death.Method:Unsolicited narratives (internet and print-published) written by individuals diagnosed with the terminal condition of ALS/MND were analyzed thematically. Narratives from 161 individuals diagnosed with ALS/MND written over a period of 37 years (from 1968 to 2005) were included.Results:Our findings reveal that religious faith sustains and helps people to avoid despair, and personal spirituality helps them make sense of what is happening to them.Significance of Results:The use of personal narratives by people with ALS/MND has provided a vehicle for sharing their deepest spiritual and religious thoughts with others. The place of spirituality and religious faith within ALS/MND care should not be underestimated. Assessment of religious or spiritual needs should become a routine part of practice and is the responsibility of all members of the multidisciplinary team.
Lived-through past, experienced present, anticipated future: Understanding “existential loss” in the context of life-limiting illness
Authors: Harris Denise A. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTObjective:Motor Neurone Disease (MND) is a rare, devastating neurodegenerative disease of middle/later life, usually presenting in the sixth and seventh decades (McDermot & Shaw, 2008). People have to wait many months to receive a diagnosis of MND (Donaghy et al., 2008), and during this period they have already experienced the degenerative nature that characterizes MND (Bolmsjö, 2001). However, information on the meaning of life with MND through time is limited. The aim of the present research was to answer the research question “What does it mean to be a person living through the illness trajectory of MND?” and to research the phenomenon of existence when given a diagnosis of MND and in the context of receiving healthcare.Method:Hermeneutic phenomenology, inspired by the philosophers Heidegger and Gadamer, informed the methodological approach employed, which asked people to tell their story from when they first thought something untoward was happening to them. The hermeneutic analysis involved a five-stage process in order to understand (interpret) the lifeworld1of four people diagnosed with MND, and a lifeworld perspective helped to make sense of the meaning of existence when given a terminal diagnosis of MND.Results:The concept of “existential loss” identified in relation to MND was the loss of past ways of being-in-the-world, and the loss of embodiment, spatiality, and the future.Significance of results:The concept of existential loss requires closer attention by healthcare professionals from the time of diagnosis and on through the illness trajectory. The study findings are conceptualized into a framework, which when used as a clinical tool may prompt healthcare professionals to focus on their patients' existential loss and existential concerns. This research adds to the existing literature calling for a lifeworld approach to healthcare.
Tracing the remnants of medieval raspberries using molecular markers
Authors: Novak Vesna , Ivancic Anton , Susek Andrej , Sisko Metka 
Published: July 2015

Our investigation was based on a molecular study of the genetic relationships among raspberry genotypes collected around selected medieval castles, Carthusian monasteries and nearby villages. We assumed that the hypothetical medieval raspberry genotypes could be traced to isolated medieval settlements that used to be highly prosperous during the feudal era but were later abandoned. Some of these genotypes could have survived in natural conditions without seed multiplication for at least three centuries. The molecular genetic analysis was based on microsatellite data. A total of 155 alleles were detected at 18 microsatellite loci. The clustering method grouped the analysed genotypes into seven main clusters. The analyses indicated that the most probable medieval genotypes had been collected around the ruins of two abandoned Carthusian monasteries: Zice and Jurkloster. They were morphologically very similar, vigorous and primitive but obviously not wild genotypes. The plants could be more than 2.3 m high, the canes were medium waxy, the lower and upper parts of the canes were covered by sparse short spines, the mid part was more or less completely smooth, the fully developed leaves were 15–25 cm long and the inflorescences were loose. In addition, the flowers were relatively small, the fruit setting was poor and the fruits were small, ovoid to conical and more aromatic than those of modern cultivars.
Identification and Characterization of Adolescent Internet User’s Profiles
Authors: Rial Antonio , Gómez Patricia , Picón Eduardo , Braña Teresa , Varela Jesús 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe percentages of adolescent Internet use in general terms have been measured for nearly two decades now; however, it might be thought that not every teenager behaves online in the same way. This study aims to identify the different types or profiles of adolescents and to characterize them from an attitudinal, behavioral and socio-demographic viewpoint. A questionnaire was applied to a representative sample of 2,339 Compulsory Secondary School students (M = 13.77 years old) from Galicia (a North-Western region of Spain) for this purpose. A two-stage cluster analysis, based on the response pattern in relation to their attitudes toward Internet, was carried out. Four different segments with specific characteristics were identified: the first steppers, the trainees, the sensible users, and the heavy users. Besides the relevance of descriptive data, these results are of particular interest at an applied level, because they could lead to a better fit of programs to prevent risky behaviors and problematic Internet use in adolescents.
A novel intracellular mutualistic bacterium in the invasive antCardiocondyla obscurior
Authors: Klein Antonia , Schrader Lukas , Gil Rosario , Manzano-Marín Alejandro , Flórez Laura , Wheeler David , Werren John H , Latorre Amparo , Heinze Jürgen , Kaltenpoth Martin , Moya Andrés , Oettler Jan 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe evolution of eukaryotic organisms is often strongly influenced by microbial symbionts that confer novel traits to their hosts. Here we describe the intracellular Enterobacteriaceae symbiont of the invasive ant Cardiocondyla obscurior, ‘Candidatus Westeberhardia cardiocondylae’. Upon metamorphosis, Westeberhardia is found in gut-associated bacteriomes that deteriorate following eclosion. Only queens maintain Westeberhardia in the ovarian nurse cells from where the symbionts are transmitted to late-stage oocytes during nurse cell depletion. Functional analyses of the streamlined genome of Westeberhardia (533 kb, 23.41% GC content) indicate that neither vitamins nor essential amino acids are provided for the host. However, the genome encodes for an almost complete shikimate pathway leading to 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate, which could be converted into tyrosine by the host. Taken together with increasing titers of Westeberhardia during pupal stage, this suggests a contribution of Westeberhardia to cuticle formation. Despite a widespread occurrence of Westeberhardia across host populations, one ant lineage was found to be naturally symbiont-free, pointing to the loss of an otherwise prevalent endosymbiont. This study yields insights into a novel intracellular mutualist that could play a role in the invasive success of C. obscurior.
Spatial and temporal changes in cumulative human impacts on the world’s ocean
Authors: Halpern Benjamin S. , Frazier Melanie , Potapenko John , Casey Kenneth S. , Koenig Kellee , Longo Catherine , Lowndes Julia Stewart , Rockwood R. Cotton , Selig Elizabeth R. , Selkoe Kimberly A. , Walbridge Shaun 
Published: July 2015

AbstractHuman pressures on the ocean are thought to be increasing globally, yet we know little about their patterns of cumulative change, which pressures are most responsible for change, and which places are experiencing the greatest increases. Managers and policymakers require such information to make strategic decisions and monitor progress towards management objectives. Here we calculate and map recent change over 5 years in cumulative impacts to marine ecosystems globally from fishing, climate change, and ocean- and land-based stressors. Nearly 66% of the ocean and 77% of national jurisdictions show increased human impact, driven mostly by climate change pressures. Five percent of the ocean is heavily impacted with increasing pressures, requiring management attention. Ten percent has very low impact with decreasing pressures. Our results provide large-scale guidance about where to prioritize management efforts and affirm the importance of addressing climate change to maintain and improve the condition of marine ecosystems.
MicroRNA-31 negatively regulates peripherally derived regulatory T-cell generation by repressing retinoic acid-inducible protein 3
Authors: Zhang Lingyun , Ke Fang , Liu Zhaoyuan , Bai Jing , Liu Jinlin , Yan Sha , Xu Zhenyao , Lou Fangzhou , Wang Hong , Zhu Huiyuan , Sun Yang , Cai Wei , Gao Yuanyuan , Li Qun , Yu Xue-Zhong , Qian Youcun , Hua Zichun , Deng Jiong , Li Qi-Jing , Wang Honglin 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPeripherally derived regulatory T (pTreg) cell generation requires T-cell receptor (TCR) signalling and the cytokines TGF-β1 and IL-2. Here we show that TCR signalling induces the microRNA miR-31, which negatively regulates pTreg-cell generation. miR-31 conditional deletion results in enhanced induction of pTreg cells, and decreased severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Unexpectedly, we identify Gprc5a as a direct target of miR-31. Gprc5a is known as retinoic acid-inducible protein 3, and its deficiency leads to impaired pTreg-cell induction and increased EAE severity. By generating miR-31 and Gprc5a double knockout mice, we show that miR-31 promotes the development of EAE through inhibiting Gprc5a. Thus, our data identify miR-31 and its target Gprc5a as critical regulators for pTreg-cell generation, suggesting a previously unrecognized epigenetic mechanism for dysfunctional Treg cells in autoimmune diseases.
An itinerant antiferromagnetic metal without magnetic constituents
Authors: Svanidze E. , Wang Jiakui K. , Besara T. , Liu L. , Huang Q. , Siegrist T. , Frandsen B. , Lynn J. W. , Nevidomskyy Andriy H. , Gamża Monika B. , Aronson M. C. , Uemura Y. J. , Morosan E. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe origin of magnetism in metals has been traditionally discussed in two diametrically opposite limits: itinerant and local moments. Surprisingly, there are very few known examples of materials that are close to the itinerant limit, and their properties are not universally understood. In the case of the two such examples discovered several decades ago, the itinerant ferromagnets ZrZn2 and Sc3In, the understanding of their magnetic ground states draws on the existence of 3d electrons subject to strong spin fluctuations. Similarly, in Cr, an elemental itinerant antiferromagnet with a spin density wave ground state, its 3d electron character has been deemed crucial to it being magnetic. Here, we report evidence for an itinerant antiferromagnetic metal with no magnetic constituents: TiAu. Antiferromagnetic order occurs below a Néel temperature of 36 K, about an order of magnitude smaller than in Cr, rendering the spin fluctuations in TiAu more important at low temperatures. This itinerant antiferromagnet challenges the currently limited understanding of weak itinerant antiferromagnetism, while providing insights into the effects of spin fluctuations in itinerant–electron systems.
Storage and retrieval of vector beams of light in a multiple-degree-of-freedom quantum memory
Authors: Parigi Valentina , D’Ambrosio Vincenzo , Arnold Christophe , Marrucci Lorenzo , Sciarrino Fabio , Laurat Julien 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe full structuration of light in the transverse plane, including intensity, phase and polarization, holds the promise of unprecedented capabilities for applications in classical optics as well as in quantum optics and information sciences. Harnessing special topologies can lead to enhanced focusing, data multiplexing or advanced sensing and metrology. Here we experimentally demonstrate the storage of such spatio-polarization-patterned beams into an optical memory. A set of vectorial vortex modes is generated via liquid crystal cell with topological charge in the optic axis distribution, and preservation of the phase and polarization singularities is demonstrated after retrieval, at the single-photon level. The realized multiple-degree-of-freedom memory can find applications in classical data processing but also in quantum network scenarios where structured states have been shown to provide promising attributes, such as rotational invariance.
A phosphorylation switch controls the spatiotemporal activation of Rho GTPases in directional cell migration
Authors: Cao Xuan , Kaneko Tomonori , Li Jenny S. , Liu An-Dong , Voss Courtney , Li Shawn S. C. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAlthough cell migration plays a central role in development and disease, the underlying molecular mechanism is not fully understood. Here we report that a phosphorylation-mediated molecular switch comprising deleted in liver cancer 1 (DLC1), tensin-3 (TNS3), phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) and phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) controls the spatiotemporal activation of the small GTPases, Rac1 and RhoA, thereby initiating directional cell migration induced by growth factors. On epidermal growth factor (EGF) or platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) stimulation, TNS3 and PTEN are phosphorylated at specific Thr residues, which trigger the rearrangement of the TNS3–DLC1 and PTEN–PI3K complexes into the TNS3–PI3K and PTEN–DLC1 complexes. Subsequently, the TNS3–PI3K complex translocates to the leading edge of a migrating cell to promote Rac1 activation, whereas PTEN–DLC1 translocates to the posterior for localized RhoA activation. Our work identifies a core signalling mechanism by which an external motility stimulus is coupled to the spatiotemporal activation of Rac1 and RhoA to drive directional cell migration.
The key role of the scaffold on the efficiency of dendrimer nanodrugs
Authors: Caminade Anne-Marie , Fruchon Séverine , Turrin Cédric-Olivier , Poupot Mary , Ouali Armelle , Maraval Alexandrine , Garzoni Matteo , Maly Marek , Furer Victor , Kovalenko Valeri , Majoral Jean-Pierre , Pavan Giovanni M. , Poupot Rémy 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDendrimers are well-defined macromolecules whose highly branched structure is reminiscent of many natural structures, such as trees, dendritic cells, neurons or the networks of kidneys and lungs. Nature has privileged such branched structures for increasing the efficiency of exchanges with the external medium; thus, the whole structure is of pivotal importance for these natural networks. On the contrary, it is generally believed that the properties of dendrimers are essentially related to their terminal groups, and that the internal structure plays the minor role of an ‘innocent’ scaffold. Here we show that such an assertion is misleading, using convergent information from biological data (human monocytes activation) and all-atom molecular dynamics simulations on seven families of dendrimers (13 compounds) that we have synthesized, possessing identical terminal groups, but different internal structures. This work demonstrates that the scaffold of nanodrugs strongly influences their properties, somewhat reminiscent of the backbone of proteins.