bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance from the perspective of nephrologists
Authors: Park Kootae , Kwon Soon Hyo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractKidney disease is a frequent complication of multiple myeloma and other malignancies associated with monoclonal gammopathies. Additionally, dysproteinemia-related kidney disease can occur independently of overt multiple myeloma or hematologic malignancies. Monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance (MGRS) is a spectrum of disorders in which a monoclonal immunoglobulin produced by a benign or premalignant B-cell or plasma cell clone causes kidney damage. MGRS-associated renal disease manifests in various forms, including immunoglobulin-associated amyloidosis, monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition diseases (light chain, heavy chain, and combined light and heavy chain deposition diseases), proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal immunoglobulin deposits, C3 glomerulopathy with monoclonal gammopathy, and light chain proximal tubulopathy. Although MGRS is a nonmalignant or premalignant hematologic condition, it has significant renal implications that often lead to progressive kidney damage and, eventually, end-stage kidney disease. This review discusses the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and management of MGRS and focuses on the perspective of nephrologists.
The legal nature of market neutrality in the euro area’s monetary policy
Authors: Solana Javier , Goldoni Marco 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEuropean Central Bank (ECB) staff have repeatedly justified the carbon bias of the Asset Purchase Programme (APP) in terms of “market neutrality”. Yet this term is not included in the Treaties so its meaning and legal nature are unclear. To clarify the meaning of market neutrality in the euro area’s monetary policy we develop a summative content analysis of the textual data contained in relevant legal and policy documents that are publicly available. We conclude that, in the context of monetary policy, the ECB and its staff have used the term market neutrality with two meanings: (i) the minimisation of any impact on the operation of markets and, in particular, on the operation of the price discovery mechanism; and (ii) the mirroring of the composition of a particular market to guide asset purchases. We then examine the legal nature of market neutrality in each of these two meanings. In its first meaning, we argue that market neutrality is the ECB’s definition of the so-called ‘principle of an open market economy’ (‘OME principle’) and it is therefore primary law. In its second meaning, we argue that market neutrality operationalises the OME principle and is therefore secondary law. Our conclusions differ from those reached by the first academic enquiries into the legal nature of market neutrality and open an academic debate on the matter. A clear understanding of the legal nature of market neutrality is also essential to assess the validity of the ECB’s climate change action plan.
An ML‐Based P3‐Like Multimodal Two‐Moment Ice Microphysics in the ICON Model
Authors: Seifert Axel , Siewert Christoph 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMachine learning (ML) is used to build a bulk microphysical parameterization including ice processes. Simulations of the Lagrangian super‐particle model McSnow are used as training data. The ML performs a coarse‐graining of the particle‐resolved microphysics to multi‐category two‐moment bulk equations. Besides mass and number, prognostic particle properties (P3) like melt water, rime mass, and rime volume are predicted by the ML‐based bulk model. The ML‐based scheme is tested with simulations of increasing complexity. As a box model, the ML‐based bulk scheme can reproduce the simulations of McSnow quite accurately. In 3d idealized squall line simulations, the ML‐based P3‐like scheme provides a more realistic extended stratiform region when compared to the standard two‐moment bulk scheme in ICON. In a realistic case study, the ML‐based scheme runs stably, but can not significantly improve the results. This shows that ML can be used to coarse‐grain super‐particle simulations to a bulk scheme of arbitrary complexity.
Has Reducing Ship Emissions Brought Forward Global Warming?
Authors: Gettelman A. , Christensen M. W. , Diamond M. S. , Gryspeerdt E. , Manshausen P. , Stier P. , Watson‐Parris D. , Yang M. , Yoshioka M. , Yuan T. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractShips brighten low marine clouds from emissions of sulfur and aerosols, resulting in visible “ship tracks”. In 2020, new shipping regulations mandated an ∼80% reduction in the allowed fuel sulfur content. Recent observations indicate that visible ship tracks have decreased. Model simulations indicate that since 2020 shipping regulations have induced a net radiative forcing of +0.12 Wm−2. Analysis of recent temperature anomalies indicates Northern Hemisphere surface temperature anomalies in 2022–2023 are correlated with observed cloud radiative forcing and the cloud radiative forcing is spatially correlated with the simulated radiative forcing from the 2020 shipping emission changes. Shipping emissions changes could be accelerating global warming. To better constrain these estimates, better access to ship position data and understanding of ship aerosol emissions are needed. Understanding the risks and benefits of emissions reductions and the difficultly in robust attribution highlights the large uncertainty in attributing proposed deliberate climate intervention.
Lagrangian Versus Eulerian Spectral Estimates of Surface Kinetic Energy Over the Global Ocean
Authors: Zhang Xinwen , Yu Xiaolong , Ponte Aurélien L. , Caspar‐Cohen Zoé , Le Gentil Sylvie , Wang Lu , Gong Wenping 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this study, we conducted a novel massive Lagrangian simulation experiment based on a global 1/48° tide‐resolving numerical simulation of the ocean circulation. This first‐time twin experiment enables a comparison between Eulerian (fixed‐point) and Lagrangian (along‐flow) estimates of kinetic energy (KE) across the global ocean, and the quantification of systematic differences between both types of estimations. This comparison represents an important step forward for the mapping of upper ocean high‐frequency variability from Lagrangian observations of the Global Drifter Program. Eulerian KE rotary frequency spectra and band‐integrated energy levels (e.g., tidal and near‐inertial) serve as references and are compared to Lagrangian estimates. Our analysis reveals that, except for the near‐inertial band, Lagrangian velocity spectra are systematically smoother, for example, with wider and lower spectral peaks compared to Eulerian counterparts. On average, Lagrangian KE levels derived from spectral band integrations tend to underestimate Eulerian KE levels at low‐frequency and tidal bands, especially in regions with strong low‐frequency KE. Better agreement between Lagrangian and Eulerian low‐frequency and tidal KE levels is generally found in regions with weak low‐frequency KE and/or convergent surface circulation, where Lagrangian particles tend to accumulate. Conversely, Lagrangian and Eulerian near‐inertial spectra and energy levels are comparable. Our results demonstrate that Lagrangian estimates may provide a distorted view of low‐frequency and tidal variance. To accurately map near‐surface velocity climatology at these frequencies from drifter database, conversion methods accounting for the Lagrangian bias need to be developed.
Impact of breast milk on cortical pain response in newborns during the heel prick procedure: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bulut Ozgul , Topaloglu Seyma Cagla , Bulut Nurgul , Hocaoglu Meryem , Arslanoglu Sertac 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Objective
To investigate the effects of breast milk on cortical pain response and behavioral response in newborns during heel-prick procedure.

Study design
A prospective, randomized controlled trial was conducted on healty-term newborns, undergoing heel blood sampling. Infants were randomly assigned to study group with receive orally 2 ml breast milk (n = 45) or a control group with no intervention (n = 45). A near-infrared spectroscopy device was used to monitor regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rScO2), while neonatal pain expression was assessed by Neonatal Pain, Agitation, and Sedation Scale (N-PASS).

Results
The N-PASS score (p = 0.001) and the crying time (p = 0.017) were significantly lower in the study group compared to the control group. Although the mean rScO2 values decreased in both groups during the procedure, the percent change in rScO2 was not significant difference between two groups.

Conclusion
Breast milk administration decreases behavioral responses to a noxious stimulus without reducing the cortical response to pain.

Clinical trial registration
This trial was registered under ClinicalTrials.gov identifier no. NCT05961904.
An ultrathin, rapidly fabricated, flexible giant magnetoresistive electronic skin
Authors: Zhang Junjie , Jin Zhenhu , Chen Guangyuan , Chen Jiamin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn recent years, there has been a significant increase in the prevalence of electronic wearables, among which flexible magnetoelectronic skin has emerged as a key component. This technology is part of the rapidly progressing field of flexible wearable electronics, which has facilitated a new human perceptual development known as the magnetic sense. However, the magnetoelectronic skin is limited due to its low sensitivity and substantial field limitations as a wearable electronic device for sensing minor magnetic fields. Additionally, achieving efficient and non-destructive delamination in flexible magnetic sensors remains a significant challenge, hindering their development. In this study, we demonstrate a novel magnetoelectronic touchless interactive device that utilizes a flexible giant magnetoresistive sensor array. The flexible magnetic sensor array was developed through an electrochemical delamination process, and the resultant ultra-thin flexible electronic system possessed both ultra-thin and non-destructive characteristics. The flexible magnetic sensor is capable of achieving a bending angle of up to 90 degrees, maintaining its performance integrity even after multiple repetitive bending cycles. Our study also provides demonstrations of non-contact interaction and pressure sensing. This research is anticipated to significantly contribute to the advancement of high-performance flexible magnetic sensors and catalyze the development of more sophisticated magnetic electronic skins.
Safety but limited efficacy of donor lymphocyte infusion for post-transplantation cyclophosphamide-treated patients
Authors: Shanmugasundaram Krithika , Napier Scott , Dimitrova Dimana , Stokes Anita , Wilder Jennifer , Chai Amy , Lisco Andrea , Anderson Megan V. , Sereti Irini , Uzel Gulbu , Freeman Alexandra F. , McKeown Christi , Sponaugle Jennifer , Sabina Ruby , Rechache Kamil , Hyder Mustafa A. , Kanakry Jennifer A. , Kanakry Christopher G. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe therapeutic efficacy of donor lymphocyte infusions (DLIs) given after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is limited by risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy) effectively prevents severe GVHD, but there are limited data on outcomes of DLIs given to PTCy-treated patients. We reviewed 162 consecutive PTCy-treated patients transplanted between 2015–2022 within the Center for Immuno-Oncology at the National Cancer Institute. Of 38 DLIs given to 21 patients after 22 HCTs, few DLIs were associated with toxicities of acute GVHD (7.8%), cytokine release syndrome (CRS, 7.8%), or chronic GVHD (2.6%), and all occurred in those receiving serotherapy-containing pre-HCT conditioning (50% of HCTs). Seven DLIs resulted in complete response (18.4%), with 5 of these given after HCTs using serotherapy-containing conditioning. Excluding infectious indications, complete response to DLIs given after transplants with versus without serotherapy-containing pre-HCT conditioning were 30% and 4.3%, respectively. Two patients received DLI for infection and experienced complete resolution without GVHD or CRS, although the efficacy cannot be definitively attributable to the DLI. DLIs given to PTCy-treated patients had low toxicity but limited efficacy, although pre-HCT serotherapy may modulate both toxicity and response. Novel strategies are needed to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of post-transplant cellular therapies without aggravating GVHD.
HMGA1 orchestrates chromatin compartmentalization and sequesters genes into 3D networks coordinating senescence heterogeneity
Authors: Olan Ioana , Ando-Kuri Masami , Parry Aled J. , Handa Tetsuya , Schoenfelder Stefan , Fraser Peter , Ohkawa Yasuyuki , Kimura Hiroshi , Narita Masako , Narita Masashi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHMGA1 is an abundant non-histone chromatin protein that has been implicated in embryonic development, cancer, and cellular senescence, but its specific role remains elusive. Here, we combine functional genomics approaches with graph theory to investigate how HMGA1 genomic deposition controls high-order chromatin networks in an oncogene-induced senescence model. While the direct role of HMGA1 in gene activation has been described previously, we find little evidence to support this. Instead, we show that the heterogeneous linear distribution of HMGA1 drives a specific 3D chromatin organization. HMGA1-dense loci form highly interactive networks, similar to, but independent of, constitutive heterochromatic loci. This, coupled with the exclusion of HMGA1-poor chromatin regions, leads to coordinated gene regulation through the repositioning of genes. In the absence of HMGA1, the whole process is largely reversed, but many regulatory interactions also emerge, amplifying the inflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Such HMGA1-mediated fine-tuning of gene expression contributes to the heterogeneous nature of senescence at the single-cell level. A similar ‘buffer’ effect of HMGA1 on inflammatory signalling is also detected in lung cancer cells. Our study reveals a mechanism through which HMGA1 modulates chromatin compartmentalization and gene regulation in senescence and beyond.
Reduced Arctic Ocean CO2 uptake due to coastal permafrost erosion
Authors: Nielsen David M. , Chegini Fatemeh , Maerz Joeran , Brune Sebastian , Mathis Moritz , Dobrynin Mikhail , Baehr Johanna , Brovkin Victor , Ilyina Tatiana 
Published: August 2024

AbstractArctic coastal permafrost erosion is projected to increase by a factor of 2–3 by 2100. However, organic matter fluxes from the coastal permafrost into the ocean have not been considered in Earth system models so far. Here we represent coastal permafrost erosion in an Earth system model and perform simulations with varying permafrost organic matter properties, such as sinking fraction and nutrient content. We find that coastal erosion reduces the Arctic Ocean CO2 uptake from the atmosphere in all simulations: by 4.6–13.2 TgC yr−1 by 2100, which is ~7–14% of the Inner Arctic Ocean uptake. We show that coastal permafrost erosion exerts a positive biogeochemical feedback on climate, increasing atmospheric CO2 by 1–2 TgC yr−1 per °C of increase in global surface air temperature. Our work will allow coastal permafrost erosion to be considered in future climate change assessments.
Enhanced woody biomass production in a mature temperate forest under elevated CO2
Authors: Norby Richard J. , Loader Neil J. , Mayoral Carolina , Ullah Sami , Curioni Giulio , Smith Andy R. , Reay Michaela K. , van Wijngaarden Klaske , Amjad Muhammad Shoaib , Brettle Deanne , Crockatt Martha E. , Denny Gael , Grzesik Robert T. , Hamilton R. Liz , Hart Kris M. , Hartley Iain P. , Jones Alan G. , Kourmouli Angeliki , Larsen Joshua R. , Shi Zongbo , Thomas Rick M. , MacKenzie A. Robert 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEnhanced CO2 assimilation by forests as atmospheric CO2 concentration rises could slow the rate of CO2 increase if the assimilated carbon is allocated to long-lived biomass. Experiments in young tree plantations support a CO2 fertilization effect as atmospheric CO2 continues to increase. Uncertainty exists, however, as to whether older, more mature forests retain the capacity to respond to elevated CO2. Here, aided by tree-ring analysis and canopy laser scanning, we show that a 180-year-old Quercus robur L. woodland in central England increased the production of woody biomass when exposed to free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) for 7 years. Further, elevated CO2 increased exudation of carbon from fine roots into the soil with likely effects on nutrient cycles. The increase in tree growth and allocation to long-lived woody biomass demonstrated here substantiates the major role for mature temperate forests in climate change mitigation.
Potential antioxidant and cytotoxic impacts of defatted extract rich in flavonoids from Styphnolobium japonicum leaves growing in Egypt
Authors: El‑Feky Amal M. , Mohammed Nadia A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractStyphnolobium japonicum leaves are considered a rich source of flavonoids, which are the prospective basis for various therapeutic effects. However, there has been a lack of comprehensive cytotoxic studies conducted on these leaves. Therefore, this ongoing investigation aimed to detect and isolate the flavonoids present in S. japonicum leaves, and assess their antioxidant and anticancer properties. The defatted extract from S. japonicum leaves was analyzed using HPLC, which resulted in the identification of seven phenolics and six flavonoids. Rutin and quercetin were found to be the most abundant. Furthermore, a comprehensive profile of flavonoids was obtained through UPLC/ESI–MS analysis in negative acquisition mode. Fragmentation pathways of the identified flavonoids were elucidated to gain relevant insights into their structural characteristics. Furthermore, genistein 7-O-glucoside, quercetin 3-O-rutinoside, and kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-D-glucopyranoside were isolated and characterized. The defatted extract rich in flavonoids exhibited significant antioxidant, iron-reducing, free radicals scavenging impacts, and remarkable cytotoxicity against the liver cell line (IC50 337.9μg/ mL) and lung cell line (IC50 55.0 μg/mL). Furthermore, the antioxidant and anticancer capacities of the three isolated flavonoids have been evaluated, and it has been observed that their effects are concentration-dependent. The findings of this research highlight the promising impact of flavonoids in cancer therapy. It is recommended that future scientific investigations prioritize the exploration of the distinct protective and therapeutic characteristics of S. japonicum leaves, which hold significant potential as a valuable natural resource.
Virtual crossmatching reveals upregulation of placental HLA-Class II in chronic histiocytic intervillositis
Authors: Brady Chloe A. , Ford Laura B. , Moss Chloe , Zou Zhiyong , Crocker Ian P. , Heazell Alexander E. P. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractChronic histiocytic intervillositis (CHI) is a recurrent placental lesion where maternal macrophages infiltrate the intervillous space. Its cause is unknown, though due to similarities to rejected allografts one hypothesis is that CHI represents maternal–fetal rejection. Here, virtual crossmatching was applied to healthy pregnancies and those with a history of CHI. Anti-HLA antibodies, measured by Luminex, were present in slightly more controls than CHI (8/17 (47.1%) vs 5/14 (35.7%)), but there was no significant difference in levels of sensitisation or fetal specific antibodies. Quantification of immunohistochemical staining for HLA-Class II was increased in syncytiotrophoblast of placentas with CHI (Grade 0.44 [IQR 0.1–0.7]) compared to healthy controls (0.06 [IQR 0–0.2]) and subsequent pregnancies (0.13 [IQR 0–0.3]) (P = 0.0004). HLA-Class II expression was positively related both to the severity of CHI (r = 0.67) and C4d deposition (r = 0.48). There was no difference in overall C4d and HLA-Class I immunostaining. Though increased anti-HLA antibodies were not evident in CHI, increased expression of HLA-Class II at the maternal–fetal interface suggests that they may be relevant in its pathogenesis. Further investigation of antibodies immediately after diagnosis is warranted in a larger cohort of CHI cases to better understand the role of HLA in its pathophysiology.
Yeast9: a consensus genome-scale metabolic model for S. cerevisiae curated by the community
Authors: Zhang Chengyu , Sánchez Benjamín J , Li Feiran , Eiden Cheng Wei Quan , Scott William T , Liebal Ulf W , Blank Lars M , Mengers Hendrik G , Anton Mihail , Rangel Albert Tafur , Mendoza Sebastián N , Zhang Lixin , Nielsen Jens , Lu Hongzhong , Kerkhoven Eduard J 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGenome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) can facilitate metabolism-focused multi-omics integrative analysis. Since Yeast8, the yeast-GEM of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, published in 2019, has been continuously updated by the community. This has increased the quality and scope of the model, culminating now in Yeast9. To evaluate its predictive performance, we generated 163 condition-specific GEMs constrained by single-cell transcriptomics from osmotic pressure or reference conditions. Comparative flux analysis showed that yeast adapting to high osmotic pressure benefits from upregulating fluxes through central carbon metabolism. Furthermore, combining Yeast9 with proteomics revealed metabolic rewiring underlying its preference for nitrogen sources. Lastly, we created strain-specific GEMs (ssGEMs) constrained by transcriptomics for 1229 mutant strains. Well able to predict the strains’ growth rates, fluxomics from those large-scale ssGEMs outperformed transcriptomics in predicting functional categories for all studied genes in machine learning models. Based on those findings we anticipate that Yeast9 will continue to empower systems biology studies of yeast metabolism.