bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Consecutive Periods of 1-, 2-, and 3-Year Mortality of Geriatric Inpatients with Delirium, Dementia, and Depression in a Consultation-Liaison Service
Authors: Tsai Meng-Chang , Chou Shih-Yong , Tsai Ching-Shu , Hung Tai-Hsin , Su Jian-An 
Published: May 2013

Objectives: Dementia, depression, and delirium are the most prevalent psychiatric disorders in elderly medical inpatients and are all associated with higher mortality. The purpose of this study was to assess and compare consecutive periods of 1-, 2-, and 3-year mortality among elderly patients with dementia, depression, and delirium seen by a psychiatry consultation-liaison service in a general hospital. Methods: We consecutively enrolled inpatients 65 years of age and older that were referred for psychiatric consultation ( N = 614) from 2002 to 2006: 172 were diagnosed with delirium, 92 with dementia, and 165 with depression. The 1-, 2-, and 3-year mortality rates for the three groups of patients were compared by log-rank test. The Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to identify any possible factors associated with mortality during the study period. Results: Only 1-year mortality in the delirium group was significantly higher than that in the depression group ( p < 0.05), but there was no significant difference among the three groups in 2- and 3-year mortality. In terms of gender, higher mortality was identified only in depressed male patients. Furthermore, male, older age, and longer length of hospital stay, but not multiple physical comorbidities, were associated with higher mortality. Conclusion: Clinical physicians should give special attention to delirious patients within the first year after referral. Patients at risk for mortality should be closely followed and early intervention provided in an effort to decrease or delay mortality.
The Suicide Rates in the Yunnan Province, a Multi-Ethnic Province in Southwestern China
Authors: Lu Jin , Xiao Yize , Xu Xiufeng , Shi Qingping , Yang YunJuan 
Published: May 2013

Objective: Previous research has shown a high rate and a unique pattern of suicide in China. We aim to present the current suicide rates and patterns in the Yunnan province, a multi-ethnic region in Southwestern China. Methods: This is a descriptive study based on the 3rd Chinese national mortality survey. We reported the suicide rates by sex, 5-year age group, region (urban or rural), and minority group from 2004 to 2005 in the Yunnan province. Results: We estimated a mean annual suicide rate of 19.82 per 100,000 and a total of 8751 suicide deaths per year. Sex-specific rate estimates were 21.09 per 100,000 and 18.46 per 100,000 for males and females, respectively. The male/female ratio was 1.14. Region-specific rate estimates were 20.60 per 100,000 and 19.18 per 100,000 for rural and urban regions, respectively. The rural-to-urban ratio was 1.07. Suicide accounted for 4.83% of all deaths in the Yunnan province and represented the fifth leading cause of death. In minority groups, the highest suicide rates were found in the Li su minority (50.75 per 100,000), the Jing po minority (36.38 per 100,000), the Meng gu minority (32.65 per 100,000) and the Miao minority (30.75 per 100,000). The lowest rates were found in the Hui minority (0.96 per 100,000) and the Ha ni minority (1.64 per 100,000). Conclusions: The suicide characteristics of this multi-ethnic region of China are different from those of the rest of China and the world, which indicates that the development of a special intervention strategy in multi-ethnic areas for suicide prevention is needed.
L’articulation morale de la petite corruption à la grande dans les discours populaires grecs
Authors: Thomi Ivan 
Published: May 2013

En Grèce, comme dans d’autres pays où la corruption est dite endémique, différents facteurs culturels et historiques peuvent expliquer la relative indulgence dont bénéficient en pratique certains échanges « corruptionnels ». Les personnes interrogées lors d’une enquête ethnographique en 2006 ont souvent atténué leur part de responsabilité morale dans la petite corruption en présentant leur participation comme contrainte par les circonstances ou comme justifiée par certaines valeurs morales prioritaires, et en la contrastant par rapport à des transgressions bien plus graves, relevant de la grande corruption et de valeurs bien plus discutables. Pour distinguer leurs propres transgressions, pardonnables, de celles des autres, impardonnables, les informateurs usent de critères qui dessinent indirectement les contours d’une image populaire de la grande corruption, et qui postulent parfois une grande différence de nature entre les motivations respectives des acteurs de la grande et de la petite corruption. Cependant, le rejet mutuel des responsabilités entre certains acteurs et le caractère relatif de certains critères peuvent faire douter d’une différence qualitative de motivations. Ces discours nous disent beaucoup sur les représentations collectives de la corruption, mais une ethnographie des transgressions de haut niveau reste nécessaire pour rendre compte de leurs véritables moteurs.
MicroRNA let-7c Regulates Macrophage Polarization
Authors: Banerjee Sami , Xie Na , Cui Huachun , Tan Zheng , Yang Shanzhong , Icyuz Mert , Abraham Edward , Liu Gang 
Published: May 2013

AbstractMacrophages demonstrate a high level of plasticity, with the ability to undergo dynamic transition between M1 and M2 polarized phenotypes. The role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in regulating macrophage polarization has been largely undefined. In this study, we found that miRNA let-7c is expressed at a higher level in M-BMM (M2 macrophages) than in GM-BMM (M1 macrophages). let-7c levels are also greater in alveolar macrophages from fibrotic lungs as compared with those from normal lungs. let-7c expression was decreased when M-BMM converted to GM-BMM, whereas it increased when GM-BMM converted to M-BMM. LPS stimulation reduced let-7c expression in M-BMM. We found that overexpression of let-7c in GM-BMM diminished M1 phenotype expression while promoting polarization to the M2 phenotype. In contrast, knockdown of let-7c in M-BMM promoted M1 polarization and diminished M2 phenotype expression. We found that let-7c targets C/EBP-δ, a transcriptional factor that plays an important role in inflammatory response. Furthermore, we found that let-7c regulates bactericidal and phagocytic activities of macrophages, two functional phenotypes implicated in macrophage polarization. Our data suggest that the miRNA let-7c plays an important role in regulating macrophage polarization.
CD4+ T Cells Provide Intermolecular Help To Generate Robust Antibody Responses in Vaccinia Virus–Vaccinated Humans
Authors: Yin Liusong , Calvo-Calle J. Mauricio , Cruz John , Newman Frances K. , Frey Sharon E. , Ennis Francis A. , Stern Lawrence J. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Immunization with vaccinia virus elicits a protective Ab response that is almost completely CD4+ T cell dependent. A recent study in a rodent model observed a deterministic linkage between Ab and CD4+ T cell responses to particular vaccinia virus proteins suggesting that CD4+ T cell help is preferentially provided to B cells with the same protein specificity (Sette et al. 2008. Immunity 28: 847–858). However, a causal linkage between Ab and CD4+ T cell responses to vaccinia or any other large pathogen in humans has yet to be done. In this study, we measured the Ab and CD4+ T cell responses against four vaccinia viral proteins (A27L, A33R, B5R, and L1R) known to be strongly targeted by humoral and cellular responses induced by vaccinia virus vaccination in 90 recently vaccinated and 7 long-term vaccinia-immunized human donors. Our data indicate that there is no direct linkage between Ab and CD4+ T cell responses against each individual protein in both short-term and long-term immunized donors. Together with the observation that the presence of immune responses to these four proteins is linked together within donors, our data suggest that in vaccinia-immunized humans, individual viral proteins are not the primary recognition unit of CD4+ T cell help for B cells. Therefore, we have for the first time, to our knowledge, shown evidence that CD4+ T cells provide intermolecular (also known as noncognate or heterotypic) help to generate robust Ab responses against four vaccinia viral proteins in humans.
Immunization with Biodegradable Nanoparticles Efficiently Induces Cellular Immunity and Protects against Influenza Virus Infection
Authors: Knuschke Torben , Sokolova Viktoriya , Rotan Olga , Wadwa Munisch , Tenbusch Matthias , Hansen Wiebke , Staeheli Peter , Epple Matthias , Buer Jan , Westendorf Astrid M. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe ability of vaccines to induce T cell responses is crucial for preventing diseases caused by viruses or bacteria. Nanoparticles (NPs) are considered an efficient tool for inducing potent immune responses. In this study, we describe a novel vaccination approach with biodegradable calcium phosphate (CaP) NPs that serve as carrier of immunoactive TLR9 ligand (CpG) combined with a viral Ag from the influenza A virus hemagglutinin. Functionalized CaP NPs were efficiently taken up by dendritic cells in vivo and elicited a potent T cell–mediated immune response in immunized mice with high numbers of IFN-γ–producing CD4+ and CD8+ effector T cells. Most importantly, both i.p. and intranasal immunization with these NPs offered protection in a mouse model of influenza virus infection. This study demonstrates the great potential of CaP NPs as a novel vaccination tool that offers substantial flexibility for several infection models.
Separation of Function between Isotype Switching and Affinity Maturation In Vivo during Acute Immune Responses and Circulating Autoantibodies in UNG-Deficient Mice
Authors: Zahn Astrid , Daugan Matthieu , Safavi Shiva , Godin David , Cheong Cheolho , Lamarre Alain , Di Noia Javier M. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Activation-induced deaminase converts deoxycytidine to deoxyuridine at the Ig loci. Complementary pathways, initiated by the uracil-DNA glycosylase (UNG) or the mismatch repair factor MSH2/MSH6, must process the deoxyuridine to initiate class-switch recombination (CSR) and somatic hypermutation. UNG deficiency most severely reduces CSR efficiency and only modestly affects the somatic hypermutation spectrum in vitro. This would predict isotype-switching deficiency but normal affinity maturation in Ung−/− mice in vivo, but this has not been tested. Moreover, puzzling differences in the amount of circulating Ig between UNG-deficient humans and mice make it unclear to what extent MSH2/MSH6 can complement for UNG in vivo. We find that Ab affinity maturation is indeed unaffected in Ung−/− mice, even allowing IgM responses with higher than normal affinity. Ung−/− mice display normal to only moderately reduced basal levels of most circulating Ig subclasses and gut-associated IgA, which are elicited in response to chronically available environmental Ag. In contrast, their ability to produce switched Ig in response to immunization or vesicular stomatitis virus infection is strongly impaired. Our results uncover a specific need for UNG in CSR for timely and efficient acute Ab responses in vivo. Furthermore, Ung−/− mice provide a novel model for separating isotype switching and affinity maturation during acute (but not chronic) Ab responses, which could be useful for dissecting their relative contribution to some infections. Interestingly, Ung−/− mice present with circulating autoantibodies, suggesting that UNG may impinge on tolerance.
Role of Macrophage Receptor with Collagenous Structure in Innate Immune Tolerance
Authors: Jing Jian , Yang Ivana V. , Hui Lucy , Patel Jay A. , Evans Christopher M. , Prikeris Rytis , Kobzik Lester , O’Connor Brian P. , Schwartz David A. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Macrophages play a key role in host defense against microbes, in part, through phagocytosis. Macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO) is a scavenger receptor on the cell surface of macrophages that mediates opsonin-independent phagocytosis. The goal of our study is to investigate the role of MARCO in LPS or lipotechoic acid–induced macrophage tolerance. Although it has been established that expression of MARCO and phagocytosis is increased in tolerant macrophages, the transcriptional regulation and biological role of MARCO in tolerant macrophages have not been investigated. In this study, we confirm that tolerized mouse bone marrow–derived macrophages (BMDM) selectively increase expression of MARCO (both transcript and cell surface receptor) and increase phagocytosis. We found that H3K4me3 dynamic modification of a promoter site of MARCO was increased in tolerized BMDM. Blocking methylation by treatment with 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine resulted in reduced H3K4me3 binding in the promoter of MARCO, decreased expression of MARCO, and impaired phagocytosis in tolerized BMDM. However, 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine had no effect on the inflammatory component of innate immune tolerance. In aggregate, we found that histone methylation was critical to MARCO expression and phagocytosis in tolerized macrophages, but did not affect the inflammatory component of innate immune tolerance.
Looped Host Defense Peptide CLP-19 Binds to Microtubules and Inhibits Surface Expression of TLR4 on Mouse Macrophages
Authors: Li Di , Liu Yao , Yang Ya , Chen Jian-hong , Yang Jie , Zou Lin-yun , Tian Zhi-qiang , Lv Jun , Xia Pei-yuan 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The looped host defense peptide CLP-19 is derived from a highly functional core region of the Limulus anti-LPS factor and exerts robust anti-LPS activity by directly interacting with LPS in the extracellular space. We previously showed that prophylactic administration of CLP-19 even 20 h prior to LPS challenge might significantly increase the survival rate in a lethal endotoxin shock mouse model. Such an effect may be associated with immune regulation of CLP-19. To investigate the underlying mechanisms, peptide affinity chromatography, immunofluorescence, and Western blotting procedures were used to identify α- and β-tubulin as direct and specific binding partners of CLP-19 in the mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. Bioinformatic analysis using the AutoDock Vina molecular docking and PyMOL molecular graphics system predicted that CLP-19 would bind to the functional residues of both α- and β-tubulin and would be located within the groove of microtubules. Tubulin polymerization assay revealed that CLP-19 might induce polymerization of microtubules and prevent depolymerization. The immunoregulatory effect of CLP-19 involving microtubules was investigated by flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and Western blotting, which showed that CLP-19 prophylactic treatment of RAW 264.7 cells significantly inhibited LPS-induced surface expression of TLR4. Taken together, these results suggest that CLP-19 binding to microtubules disrupts the dynamic equilibrium of microtubules, reducing the efficacy of microtubule-dependent vesicular transport that would otherwise translocate TLR4 from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cell surface.
Viral Antigen Induces Differentiation of Foxp3+ Natural Regulatory T Cells in Influenza Virus–Infected Mice
Authors: Bedoya Felipe , Cheng Guang-Shing , Leibow Abigail , Zakhary Nardine , Weissler Katherine , Garcia Victoria , Aitken Malinda , Kropf Elizabeth , Garlick David S. , Wherry E. John , Erikson Jan , Caton Andrew J. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
We examined the formation, participation, and functional specialization of virus-reactive Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in a mouse model of influenza virus infection. “Natural” Tregs generated intrathymically, based on interactions with a self-peptide, proliferated in response to a homologous viral Ag in the lungs and, to a lesser extent, in the lung-draining mediastinal lymph nodes (medLNs) of virus-infected mice. In contrast, conventional CD4+ T cells with identical TCR specificity underwent little or no conversion to become “adaptive” Tregs. The virus-reactive Tregs in the medLNs and the lungs of infected mice upregulated a variety of molecules associated with Treg activation, as well as acquired expression of molecules (T-bet, Blimp-1, and IL-10) that confer functional specialization to Tregs. Notably, however, the phenotypes of the T-bet+ Tregs obtained from these sites were distinct, because Tregs isolated from the lungs expressed significantly higher levels of T-bet, Blimp-1, and IL-10 than did Tregs from the medLNs. Adoptive transfer of Ag-reactive Tregs led to decreased proliferation of antiviral CD4+ and CD8+ effector T cells in the lungs of infected hosts, whereas depletion of Tregs had a reciprocal effect. These studies demonstrate that thymically generated Tregs can become activated by a pathogen-derived peptide and acquire discrete T-bet+ Treg phenotypes while participating in and modulating an antiviral immune response.
Early Inhibition of IL-1β Expression by IFN-γ Is Mediated by Impaired Binding of NF-κB to the IL-1β Promoter but Is Independent of Nitric Oxide
Authors: Eigenbrod Tatjana , Bode Konrad A. , Dalpke Alexander H. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe significance of bacterial RNA recognition for initiating innate immune responses against invading pathogens has only recently started to be elucidated. Bacterial RNA is an important trigger of inflammasome activation, resulting in caspase-1–dependent cleavage of pro–IL-1β into the active form. It was reported previously that prolonged treatment with IFN-γ can inhibit IL-1β production at the level of both transcription and Nlrp3 inflammasome activation in an NO-dependent manner. As a result of the delayed kinetics of NO generation after IFN-γ stimulation, these effects were only observed at later time points. We report that IFN-γ suppressed bacterial RNA and LPS induced IL-1β transcription in primary murine macrophages and dendritic cells by an additional, very rapid mechanism that was independent of NO. Costimulation with IFN-γ selectively attenuated binding of NF-κB p65 to the IL-1β promoter, thus representing a novel mechanism of IL-1β inhibition by IFN-γ. Transcriptional silencing was specific for IL-1β because expression of other proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF, IL-6, and IL-12p40, was not affected. Furthermore, by suppressing IL-1β production, IFN-γ impaired differentiation of Th17 cells and production of neutrophil chemotactic factor CXCL1 in vitro. The findings provide evidence for a rapid immune-modulating effect of IFN-γ independent of NO.
Comparative Analysis of Monocyte Subsets in the Pig
Authors: Fairbairn Lynsey , Kapetanovic Ronan , Beraldi Dario , Sester David P. , Tuggle Chris K. , Archibald Alan L. , Hume David A. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Human and mouse monocyte can be divided into two different subpopulations based on surface marker expression: CD14/16 and Ly6C/CX3CR1, respectively. Monocyte subpopulations in the pig were identified based on reciprocal expression of CD14 and the scavenger receptor CD163. The two populations, CD14hi-CD163low and CD14low-CD163hi, show approximately equal abundance in the steady-state. Culture of pig PBMCs in CSF1 indicates that the two populations are a maturation series controlled by this growth factor. Gene expression in pig monocyte subpopulations was profiled using the newly developed and annotated pig whole genome snowball microarray. Previous studies have suggested a functional equivalence between human and mouse subsets, but certain genes such as CD36, CLEC4E, or TREM-1 showed human-specific expression. The same genes were expressed selectively in pig monocyte subsets. However, the profiles suggest that the pig CD14low-CD163high cells are actually equivalent to intermediate human monocytes, and there is no CD14− CD16+ “nonclassical” population. The results are discussed in terms of the relevance of the pig as a model for understanding human monocyte function.
In Situ Hybrid Si/F Polymeric Network Electrolyte with Dual Interfacial Stability for High‐Voltage Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Ma Xianghe , Shao Fei , Li Weiping , Zhang Yuxin , Yan Jingying , Qian Ju , Lin Jun , Lin Xinrong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHigh‐voltage lithium‐metal batteries (LMBs) are promising for energy storage applications but suffer from poor electrochemical window of solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs), which are difficult to achieve via a single polymeric functionality. Herein, a hybrid Si/F‐based polymeric 3D network is reported bearing polysiloxane backbone with fluorinated pendants to tune the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)/the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital LUMO energies, thermodynamically expanding intrinsic electrochemical window of solid polymer electrolyte (SPE). Meanwhile, the hybrid Si/F functionalities with high fluorine abundance is identified to furnish dual interfacial kinetic stability at both anode and cathode interfaces with stabilized solid electrolyte interface (SEI) and cathode electrolyte interface (CEI), respectively. As a result, stable cycling in solid‐state high‐voltage LMBs is achieved up to an ultrahigh operating voltage of 4.9 V. Furthermore, it shows that in situ blending the Si/F SPE with eutectic electrolytes (EE) to form a non‐flammable gel polymer electrolyte can mitigate parasitic reactions of EE against metallic Li anode and achieve highly reversible charge–discharge cycling from 4.2 to 4.8 V at 25 °C.
Tracking Carrier Dynamics in Halogen‐Mixed CsPb(Br/I)3 Quantum Dots in Glass
Authors: Chen Ronghua , Niu Weifan , Xiao Han , Zeng Lingwei , Wu Tianmin , Lin Jidong , Xie An , Chen Shuxin , Zhang Ruidan , Lei Lei , Chen Daqin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHalogen‐mixed CsPb(Br/I)3 perovskite quantum dots (PeQDs) embedded glass can address the issue of stability, but suffers from low photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) for the hindered in situ nucleation/growth inside the robust glass network. Uncovering the exact mechanism is highly desirable to develop high‐performance CsPb(Br/I)3@glass for commercial applications, but the topic remains unexplored. Here, based on femtosecond transient (fs‐TA) absorption, temperature‐dependent PL spectra, and theoretical calculations, a comprehensive understanding on heat‐treatment (HT) temperature‐induced modification of microstructures and carrier dynamics in the CsPb(Br/I)3@glass is build. It is evidenced that high‐temperature HT will promote more I− ions diffusion from glass matrix into CsPb(Br/I)3 lattice, leading to the retarded hot carrier (HC) cooling, and improved exciton recombination. This is attributed to the synergistic effect of the reduced effect carrier mass, the weakened carrier‐phonon coupling, the inhibited Klemens channel, and the eliminated defect states. Revealing these underlying mechanisms will empower to exert precise control and optimize PLQY of CsPb(Br/I)3@glass up to near unity.