bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia with nucleophosmin (NPM1) mutation
Authors: Peng Jie , Zuo Zhuang , Fu Bin , Oki Yasuhiro , Tang Guilin , Goswami Maitrayee , Priyanka Priyanka , Muzzafar Tariq , Medeiros L. Jeffrey , Luthra Rajyalakshmi , Wang Sa A. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractNucleophosmin (NPM1) mutations in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) are extremely uncommon, and the clinicopathologic features of these neoplasms are poorly characterized. Over a 10‐yr interval, NPM1 mutation analysis was performed in 152 CMML at our institution. NPM1 mutations were identified in 8 (5.3%) patients, five men and three women, with a median age of 72 yr (range, 27–87). In all patients, the bone marrow was hypercellular with multilineage dysplasia, monocytosis, and retained maturation supporting a diagnosis of CMML. NPM1 mutation allele burden was <5% in two patients and >10% in six patients. Four (50%) patients, all with >10% NPM1, progressed AML with a median interval of 11 months (range, 1–21). Compared with 144 CMML without NPM1 mutations, CMML patients with NPM1 mutation presented with more severe anemia (P = 0.053), higher BM monocyte percentage (P = 0.033), and an increased tendency for AML progression (P = 0.088) and an inferior overall survival (P = 0.076). Mutations involving NRAS/KRAS (2/7), TET2(2/5), ASXL1(1/5,) and FLT3(0/8) were not significantly different between these two groups. In summary, CMML with NPM1 mutation shows histopathological features of CMML, but patients appear to have a high probability for AML progression and may require aggressive clinical intervention, especially in patients with a high mutation burden.
Masked polycythaemia vera: presenting features, response to treatment and clinical outcomes
Authors: Alvarez‐Larrán Alberto , Angona Anna , Ancochea Agueda , García‐Pallarols Francesc , Fernández Concepción , Longarón Raquel , Bellosillo Beatriz , Besses Carlos 
Published: March 2015

AbstractMasked polycythaemia vera (PV) has been proposed as a new entity with poorer outcome than overt PV. In this study, the initial clinical and laboratory characteristics, response to treatment and outcome of masked and overt PV were compared using red cell mass and haemoglobin or haematocrit levels for the distinction between both entities. Sixty‐eight of 151 PV patients (45%) were classified as masked PV according to World Health Organisation diagnostic criteria, whereas 16 (11%) were classified as masked PV using the British Committee for Standards in Haematology (BCSH). In comparison with overt PV, a higher platelet count and a lower JAK2V617F allele burden at diagnosis were observed in masked PV. Patients with masked PV needed lower phlebotomies and responded faster to hydroxcarbamide than those with overt PV. Complete haematological response was more frequently achieved in masked than in overt PV (79% vs. 58%, P = 0.001). There were no significant differences in the duration of haematological response, the rate of resistance or intolerance to hydroxycarbamide and the probability of molecular response according to type of PV (masked vs. overt). Overall survival, rate of thrombosis and major bleeding, and probability of transformation was superimposable among patients with masked and overt PV.
Electrophysiological and morphological properties of neurons in the prepositus hypoglossi nucleus that express both ChAT and VGAT in a double‐transgenic rat model
Authors: Saito Yasuhiko , Zhang Yue , Yanagawa Yuchio 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAlthough it has been proposed that neurons that contain both acetylcholine (ACh) and γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) are present in the prepositus hypoglossi nucleus (PHN), these neurons have not been characterized because of the difficulty in identifying them. In the present study, PHN neurons that express both choline acetyltransferase and the vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT) were identified using double‐transgenic rats, in which the cholinergic and inhibitory neurons express the fluorescent proteins tdTomato and Venus, respectively. To characterize the neurons that express both tdTomato and Venus (D+ neurons), the afterhyperpolarization (AHP) profiles and firing patterns of these neurons were investigated via whole‐cell recordings of brainstem slice preparations. Regarding the three AHP profiles and four firing patterns that the D+ neurons exhibited, an AHP with an afterdepolarization and a firing pattern that exhibited a delay in the generation of the first spike were the preferential properties of these neurons. In the three morphological types classified, the multipolar type that exhibited radiating dendrites was predominant among the D+ neurons. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed that the VGAT‐immunopositive axonal boutons that expressed tdTomato were primarily located in the dorsal cap of inferior olive (IO) and the PHN. Although the PHN receives cholinergic inputs from the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus and laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, D+ neurons were absent from these brain areas. Together, these results suggest that PHN neurons that co‐express ACh and GABA exhibit specific electrophysiological and morphological properties, and innervate the dorsal cap of the IO and the PHN.
Rates of climatic niche evolution are correlated with species richness in a large and ecologically diverse radiation of songbirds
Authors: Title Pascal O. , Burns Kevin J. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBy employing a recently inferred phylogeny and museum occurrence records, we examine the relationship of ecological niche evolution to diversification in the largest family of songbirds, the tanagers (Thraupidae). We test whether differences in species numbers in the major clades of tanagers can be explained by differences in rate of climatic niche evolution. We develop a methodological pipeline to process and filter occurrence records. We find that, of the ecological variables examined, clade richness is higher in clades with higher climatic niche rate, and that this rate is also greater for clades that occupy a greater extent of climatic space. Additionally, we find that more speciose clades contain species with narrower niche breadths, suggesting that clades in which species are more successful at diversifying across climatic gradients have greater potential for speciation or are more buffered from the risk of extinction.
Fossil‐based comparative analyses reveal ancient marine ancestry erased by extinction in ray‐finned fishes
Authors: Betancur‐R Ricardo , Ortí Guillermo , Pyron Robert Alexander 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe marine‐freshwater boundary is a major biodiversity gradient and few groups have colonised both systems successfully. Fishes have transitioned between habitats repeatedly, diversifying in rivers, lakes and oceans over evolutionary time. However, their history of habitat colonisation and diversification is unclear based on available fossil and phylogenetic data. We estimate ancestral habitats and diversification and transition rates using a large‐scale phylogeny of extant fish taxa and one containing a massive number of extinct species. Extant‐only phylogenetic analyses indicate freshwater ancestry, but inclusion of fossils reveal strong evidence of marine ancestry in lineages now restricted to freshwaters. Diversification and colonisation dynamics vary asymmetrically between habitats, as marine lineages colonise and flourish in rivers more frequently than the reverse. Our study highlights the importance of including fossils in comparative analyses, showing that freshwaters have played a role as refuges for ancient fish lineages, a signal erased by extinction in extant‐only phylogenies.
Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis is a network disorder with altered cortical hubs
Authors: Jin Seung‐Hyun , Jeong Woorim , Chung Chun Kee 
Published: March 2015

SummaryObjectiveElectrophysiologic hubs within the large‐scale functional networks in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) with hippocampal sclerosis (HS) have not been investigated. We hypothesized that mTLE with HS has different resting‐state network hubs in their large‐scale functional networks compared to the hubs in healthy controls (HC). We also hypothesized that the hippocampus would be a functional hub in mTLE patients with HS.MethodsResting‐state functional networks, identified by using magnetoencephalography (MEG) signals in the theta, alpha, beta, and gamma frequency bands, were evaluated. Networks in 44 mTLE patients with HS (left mTLE = 22; right mTLE = 22) were compared with those in 46 age‐matched HC. We investigated betweenness centrality at the source‐level MEG network.ResultsThe main network hubs were at the pole of the left superior temporal gyrus in the beta band, the pole of the left middle temporal gyrus in the beta and gamma bands, left hippocampus in the theta and alpha bands, and right posterior cingulate gyrus in all four frequency bands in mTLE patients; all of which were different from the main network hubs in HC. Only patients with left mTLE showed profound differences from HC at the left hippocampus in the alpha band.SignificanceOur analysis of resting‐state MEG signals shows that altered electrophysiologic functional hubs in mTLE patients reflect pathophysiologic brain network reorganization. Because we detected network hubs in both hippocampal and extrahippocampal areas, it is probable that mTLE is a large‐scale network disorder rather than a focal disorder. The hippocampus was a network hub in left mTLE but not in right mTLE patients, which may be due to intrinsic functional and structural asymmetries between left and right mTLE patients. The evaluation of cortical hubs, even in the spike‐free resting‐state, could be a clinical diagnostic marker of mTLE with HS.
Treatment of equine metabolic syndrome: A clinical case series
Authors: Morgan R. A. , Keen J. A. , McGowan C. M. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryReasons for performing studyTreatment of equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) is essential to improve insulin sensitivity and reduce the risk of laminitis. Calorie restriction and increased exercise are the mainstays of treatment but there is potential for poor owner compliance.ObjectivesTo determine whether significant weight loss accompanied by improvements in measures of insulin sensitivity can be achieved in horses and ponies with EMS managed by their owners in their normal environment under veterinary guidance.Study designRetrospective clinical case series.MethodsHorses and ponies attending 2 university hospitals for investigation and treatment of suspected EMS were eligible for inclusion in the study. Animals underwent a clinical examination, basal and dynamic endocrine testing; those with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) were excluded. Owners were given individually tailored diet and exercise programmes to follow for between 3 and 6 months. After the treatment period, clinical examination and endocrine tests were repeated and results compared to the initial assessment.ResultsNineteen animals were recruited to the study, 17 with a history of laminitis. All animals showed a reduction in body condition score (P<0.001) and 18/19 had a reduction in bodyweight (P<0.001) between assessments. There were significant (P<0.05) reductions in basal insulin, insulin at 45 min during a combined glucose insulin tolerance test (CGIT), time for blood glucose concentration to return to baseline during a CGIT and mean area under the glucose curve.ConclusionsA diet and exercise programme tailored to the needs of the individual animal and implemented by the owner results in weight loss accompanied by improvements in insulin sensitivity.
Senescent dermal fibroblasts enhance stem cell migration through CCL2/CCR2 axis
Authors: Ohgo Shiro , Hasegawa Seiji , Hasebe Yuichi , Mizutani Hiroshi , Nakata Satoru , Akamatsu Hirohiko 
Published: March 2015

AbstractDuring aging, increases in the number of senescent cells are seen in various tissues. On the other hand, stem cells play crucial roles in tissue repair and homeostasis. Therefore, it is likely that stem cells give rise to new cells that replace senescent cells. However, how stem cells contribute to homeostasis in the dermis has not been elucidated. Here, we investigated the effects of factors secreted from senescent fibroblasts on stem cells. We found that senescent human dermal fibroblast (HDF) conditioned medium (CM) significantly enhanced stem cell migration compared with young HDF CM. The senescent HDF CM strongly secreted chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2). Furthermore, CCL2 was found to enhance stem cell migration, and the inhibition of CCR2, a receptor for CCL2, reduced stem cell migration. These results suggest that senescent fibroblasts recruit stem cells by secreting various factors and that the CCL2/CCR2 axis is one of the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon.
Inter‐α‐trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 5 (ITIH5) is overexpressed in inflammatory skin diseases and affects epidermal morphology in constitutive knockout mice and murine 3D skin models
Authors: Huth Sebastian , Heise Ruth , Vetter‐Kauczok Claudia S. , Skazik Claudia , Marquardt Yvonne , Czaja Katharina , Knüchel Ruth , Merk Hans F. , Dahl Edgar , Baron Jens M. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractInter‐α‐trypsin inhibitors are protease inhibitors that are thought to be important regulators in various acute‐phase processes. They are composed of one light chain (bikunin) and different heavy chains (ITIHs). The only function known so far of ITIHs is the covalent linkage to hyaluronan (HA). As there is virtually no knowledge on the distribution and function of ITIH proteins in skin tissue, we performed a systematic characterization of ITIH expression in healthy and diseased skin. Using GeneChip® Human Exon 1.0 ST expression profiling, we found that ITIH5 represents the major ITIH family member expressed in human skin. Moreover, the use of quantitative reverse transcription PCR and a customized ITIH5‐specific antibody indicated that ITIH5 is predominantly produced by dermal fibroblasts. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a clearly detectable ITIH5 protein expression in normal skin. Interestingly, ITIH5 expression was significantly up‐regulated in inflammatory skin diseases. Furthermore, 3D skin models employing murine Itih5−/− epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts as well as skin specimens of Itih5−/− mice revealed a significantly altered epidermal structure compared to wild‐type controls. Hence, we can strengthen the presumption that ITIH5 may constitute a novel regulatory molecule of the human skin that could play an important role in inflammation via its interaction with HA.
A simulation tool for monitoring elderly who suffer from disorientation in a smart home
Authors: García‐Rodríguez Coral , Martínez‐Tomás Rafael , Cuadra‐Troncoso José Manuel , Rincón Mariano , Fernández‐Caballero Antonio 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis paper addresses the challenging problem of disorientation of elderly people living at home. In order to detect confusion, we monitor the behaviour of the elderly and identify actions that appear alarming in a sensorized and video‐controlled smart environment. In the past, our research has focused on identifying situations, activities and interactions between various actors based on user‐understandable models. This work addresses the development of a simulation tool capable of synthesizing sensor data and low‐level/medium‐level scene events. The tool is of great interest with regard to the design and configuration of an elderly disorientation recognition system because it reduces the laborious and expensive need for experimentation with real devices. We integrate this proposal in a comprehensive framework that distinguishes between a recognition line and a simulation line in a potentially continuous and closed cycle. The recognition line goes from a multisensory monitored scene to its semantic interpretation, which could be completed even with only the narration of the facts. In the opposite direction, the simulation line goes from the narration of a scene to its synthesis with the same semantic content into a 3D simulation and the corresponding sensor signals and low/medium events at specific location points.
Rethinking the capsid proteins of enveloped viruses: multifunctionality from genome packaging to genome transfection
Authors: Freire João M. , Santos Nuno C. , Veiga Ana Salomé , Da Poian Andrea T. , Castanho Miguel A. R. B. 
Published: March 2015

Regardless of the debate on whether there is a place for viruses in the tree of life, it is consensual that they co‐evolve with their hosts under the pressure of genome minimization. The abundance of multifunctional viral structural proteins is a consequence of this pressure. The molecular key to multifunctionality is the existence of intrinsically disordered domains together with ordered domains in the same protein. Capsid proteins, the hallmark of viruses, are not exceptions because they have coexisting ordered and disordered domains that are crucial for multifunctionality. It is also frequent to find supercharged proteins (i.e. proteins for which the net charge per unit molecular mass is > +0.75/kDa) among viral capsid proteins. All flaviviruses having annotated proteins in the ExPASy Viralzone database have supercharged capsid proteins. Moreover, cell‐penetrating sequences/domains are frequent in viral proteins, even when they are not supercharged. Altogether, the findings strongly suggest that the ability to translocate membranes was acquired, conserved and optimized throughout the evolution of some viral proteins as part of their multifunctionality. The fitness of capsid proteins to translocate membranes carrying genomes was experimentally demonstrated with dengue virus capsid protein. This protein is potentially able to help the fusion process and translocate the RNA genome across the hemifused membrane formed by the viral envelope and the endosomal membrane. In addition, one of the cell‐penetrating domains of the capsid protein also has antibacterial activity. This may be reminiscent of parasitic bacteria–bacteria competition for the same host and shed light on the origins of enveloped viruses.
A comparison between cutting and animal grazing for dry‐matter yield, quality and tiller density of perennial ryegrass cultivars
Authors: Cashman P. A. , McEvoy M. , Gilliland T. J. , O'Donovan M. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPerennial ryegrass (Lolium perenneL.) evaluation trials are often conducted under simulated grazing to identify the most productive cultivars. It is unclear whether simulated grazing identifies the most productive cultivar for animal‐grazed swards. Ten cultivars were established as plots and managed concurrently under simulated grazing (SG), animal grazing (AG) and conservation (CON). The experiment lasted 3 years with dry‐matter (DM) off‐take, digestibility, tiller density and ground‐cover score recorded in all years. A good relationship existed betweenDMoff‐take underSGandCON(R2 = 0·73). The relationship betweenSGandAGwas strongest in year 2 and 3 (R2 = 0·53 and 0·55 respectively). HighDMproduction was observed inSGswards in year 1; this was weakly related to theDMproduction of theAGsward. Across the 3 years, theCONtreatment had higher yields than either of the other two treatments and was poorly correlated toDMyield underAG, confirming that cultivars should be evaluated under a similar defoliation frequency to their intended use. Tiller density declined quickest underCONand slowest underAG. Some reranking of cultivars occurred between defoliation managements. The results show that simulated grazing is a useful indicator ofDMyield performance of animal‐grazed swards.
Prevalence and burden of vertebral fractures in older men and women with hip fracture: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Di Monaco Marco , Castiglioni Carlotta , Di Monaco Roberto , Tappero Rosa 
Published: March 2015

AimTo investigate the prevalence and burden (combination of number and severity) of vertebral fractures in men and women with hip fracture.MethodsWe investigated 458 of 490 hip‐fracture patients admitted consecutively to a rehabilitation hospital. Lateral radiographs of the spine were taken 19.2 ± 5.5 days (mean ± SD) after hip‐fracture occurrence. To obtain a summary measure of vertebral fracture burden, we calculated the spinal deformity index (SDI) by summing the fracture grades assessed using Genant's method of all vertebrae (T4 to L4).ResultsThe median SDI score was 2 in both the 411 women and the 47 men (interquartile range 0–4 in both groups), and no significant between‐sex differences were found (P = 0.52). A total of 69% of the women (95% CI 65–74%), and 60% of the men (95% CI 45–74%) had at least one mild vertebral fracture (SDI score ≥1), 41% of the women (95% CI 36–46%) and 38% of the men (95% CI 24–53%) had a SDI score ≥3, whereas 16% of the women (95% CI 12% 19%) and 17% of the men (95%CI 6−28%) had at least one severe vertebral fracture. Sex was not significantly associated with a SDI score ≥1, or ≥3 or with the presence of at least one severe vertebral fracture after adjustment for age, hip‐fracture type, cognitive impairment, pressure ulcers, neurological impairment, comorbidities, number of medications in use and Barthel index scores.ConclusionsThe prevalence of vertebral fractures was high after hip fracture in both men and women. We found no significant between‐sex differences in the prevalence and burden of vertebral fractures. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; 16: 352–357.
Sarcopenia is an independent risk factor of dysphagia in hospitalized older people
Authors: Maeda Keisuke , Akagi Junji 
Published: March 2015

AimSarcopenia can cause varying physical function disorders, including dysphagia. Malnutrition, a potential result of dysphagia, can also cause sarcopenia. However, the association between sarcopenia and dysphagia is not fully understood, despite evidence suggesting correlations between deglutition disorders and degenerative loss of muscle mass. The present study investigated the prevalence of dysphagia among patients with sarcopenia, and the association between the two conditions.MethodsWe included 224 older adults (mean age 82.5 ± 8.4 years; 37.9% men). Individuals who had a stroke or other diseases that could directly cause dysphagia were excluded. Logistic regression analyses were carried out after adjusting for potential causes of sarcopenia, including malnutrition, a low activity of daily living levels and aging, to investigate the relationship between the skeletal muscle index (SMI), prevalence of sarcopenia diagnosed based on a low SMI and grip strength, and swallowing functions. The Mini‐Nutritional Assessment short form was used to assess their nutritional status, and the Barthel Index was used to evaluate their activities of daily living.ResultsThe prevalences of sarcopenia and dysphagia were 76.8% and 30.0%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that Barthel Index, SMI and presence of sarcopenia were significant independent factors for the prevalence of dysphagia, after adjusting for sex, age and nutritional status. Furthermore, subgroup analysis showed that SMI in males, and both hand‐grip strength and SMI in females were lower in dysphagic subjects than in non‐dysphagic subjects (P ≤ 0.01).ConclusionSarcopenia was an independent risk factor for dysphagia among older individuals. However, further studies are required to define causality. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16: 515‐521.
Finding the Balance: European Military Power in Early Modern Asia
Authors: Clulow Adam 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis article assesses recent developments in the debate over European military superiority in early modern Asia. It does so by focusing on Tonio Andrade's groundbreaking 2011 study, Lost Colony: The Untold Story of China's First Great Victory over the West, which stakes out a valuable middle ground between two clashing positions by suggesting that while Europeans did possess a genuine technological advantage it was not nearly as expansive as is sometimes assumed by supporters of the military revolution thesis. The goal of this article is to summarize Andrade's findings and to consider whether his limited advantage template can be applied to East Asia's second great military power, Tokugawa Japan.