bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unjustified use of amber necklaces for teething symptoms alleviation: Succinic acid release underperforms compared with natural skin bacteria production
Authors: de Azevedo Marcelle Maciel Fernandes , de Araújo Caroline Souza , Fernandes‐Freitas Liana Bastos , Soviero Vera Mendes , Valente Ana Paula , Kelly da Silva Fidalgo Tatiana 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited evidence of succinic acid release from amber necklace that justifies its biological plausibility.AimThis study aimed to evaluate the release of succinic acid from Baltic amber beads in the presence of Staphylococcus epidermidis.DesignThe Baltic amber beads from the necklace were stratified according to their weight (average 0.05 g ± 0.067). Subsequently, the beads (n = 8) were submerged in 0.9% buffered saline (Control) or brain–heart infusion culture medium in the presence of a commercial strain of S. epidermidis, a resident skin bacterium incubated at 37°C for 24 h or 7 days. The samples were centrifuged, and the supernatants were analyzed by 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Multivariate analyses were adopted using the sparse partial least squares discriminant analysis method (p < .05).ResultsThe group incubated with saline solution showed small release of succinic acid only after 7 days. In the groups with S. epidermidis, the release of succinic acid was observed in the both presence and absence of amber beads, indicating that succinic acid is a product released by bacteria.ConclusionsIt was found that amber beads do not exhibit the ability to release expressive succinic acid, especially in a short period of time, which does not justify their use in infants. The most production of succinic acid is tributed to S. epidermidis.
Role of palmitoylation on the neuronal glycine transporter GlyT2
Authors: Felipe R. , Sarmiento‐Jiménez J. , Camafeita E. , Vázquez J. , López‐Corcuera B. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe neuronal glycine transporter GlyT2 removes glycine from the synaptic cleft through active Na+, Cl−, and glycine cotransport contributing to the termination of the glycinergic signal as well as supplying substrate to the presynaptic terminal for the maintenance of the neurotransmitter content in synaptic vesicles. Patients with mutations in the human GlyT2 gene (SLC6A5), develop hyperekplexia or startle disease (OMIM 149400), characterized by hypertonia and exaggerated startle responses to trivial stimuli that may have lethal consequences in the neonates as a result of apnea episodes. Post‐translational modifications in cysteine residues of GlyT2 are an aspect of structural interest we analyzed. Our study is compatible with a reversible and short‐lived S‐acylation in spinal cord membranes, detectable by biochemical and proteomics methods (acyl‐Rac binding and IP‐ABE) confirmed with positive and negative controls (palmitoylated and non‐palmitoylated proteins). According to a short‐lived modification, direct labeling using click chemistry was faint but mostly consistent. We have analyzed the physiological properties of a GlyT2 mutant lacking the cysteines with high prediction of palmitoylation and the mutant is less prone to be included in lipid rafts, an effect also observed upon treatment with the palmitoylation inhibitor 2‐bromopalmitate. This work demonstrates there are determinants of lipid raft inclusion associated with the GlyT2 mutated cysteines, which are presumably modified by palmitoylation.image
Immune gene regulation is associated with age and environmental adversity in a nonhuman primate
Authors: Watowich Marina M. , Costa Christina E. , Chiou Kenneth L. , Goldman Elisabeth A. , Petersen Rachel M. , Patterson Sam ,   Cayo Biobank Research Unit, Martínez Melween I. , Sterner Kirstin N. , Horvath Julie E. , Montague Michael J. , Platt Michael L. , Brent Lauren J. N. , Higham James P. , Lea Amanda J. , Snyder‐Mackler Noah 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPhenotypic aging is ubiquitous across mammalian species, suggesting shared underlying mechanisms of aging. Aging is linked to molecular changes to DNA methylation and gene expression, and environmental factors, such as severe external challenges or adversities, can moderate these age‐related changes. Yet, it remains unclear whether environmental adversities affect gene regulation via the same molecular pathways as chronological, or ‘primary’, aging. Investigating molecular aging in naturalistic animal populations can fill this gap by providing insight into shared molecular mechanisms of aging and the effects of a greater diversity of environmental adversities – particularly those that can be challenging to study in humans or laboratory organisms. Here, we characterised molecular aging – specifically, CpG methylation – in a sample of free‐ranging rhesus macaques living off the coast of Puerto Rico (n samples = 571, n individuals = 499), which endured a major hurricane during our study. Age was associated with methylation at 78,661 sites (31% of all sites tested). Age‐associated hypermethylation occurred more frequently in areas of active gene regulation, while hypomethylation was enriched in regions that show less activity in immune cells, suggesting these regions may become de‐repressed in older individuals. Age‐associated hypomethylation also co‐occurred with increased chromatin accessibility while hypermethylation showed the opposite trend, hinting at a coordinated, multi‐level loss of epigenetic stability during aging. We detected 32,048 CpG sites significantly associated with exposure to a hurricane, and these sites overlapped age‐associated sites, most strongly in regulatory regions and most weakly in quiescent regions. Together, our results suggest that environmental adversity may contribute to aging‐related molecular phenotypes in regions of active gene transcription, but that primary aging has specific signatures in non‐regulatory regions.
MoPill a novel gastrointestinal positioning system (GPS): New technology to navigate the alimentary tract highway
Authors: Sarosiek Irene , Espino Karina , Lembo Anthony , McCallum Richard W. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundEvaluation of gut motility in clinical practice is currently limited. A novel medical system (MoPill™) consisting of a capsule that wirelessly transmits radiofrequency signals to assess motility via 3D location, was used to conduct this study. The objectives were to: (1) confirm the safety of the MoPill™ system; (2) compare the 3D location transmitted by the capsule to its location captured by abdominal x‐rays; 3 determine gastric emptying (GE), whole gut transit time (WGTT) and segmental transit times.MethodsThe MoPill™ system consists of an electronic capsule (2 × 1.2 cm), eight color‐coded adhesive sensors (6 × 5.5 cm), a recorder (15 × 11 × 2 cm), and software on a laptop. Four sensors were applied to the abdomen and four to the back. Healthy subjects who had fasted overnight ingested a 250‐calorie protein bar, 17 oz. of water, followed by an activated capsule. No further caloric contents were permitted for the next 5 h. At 1, 5, and 24 h (if the capsule had not been expelled), upright abdominal X‐rays (AP and lateral) were obtained to assess the location of the capsule, which was compared to the gastrointestinal positioning system (GPS) location determined by the MoPill™ system. Identification of the capsule's anatomical location by the MoPill™ system was based on (1) the 3D (x, y, z) location; (2) time; (3) trajectory (e.g., going up the right side of the body signified ascending colon); (4) frequency of contractions (e.g., 3 cycles/min for the stomach); and (5) milestone relationship (e.g., pyloric passage must follow the end of gastric contractions). GE was determined first by the end of the 3 cycles/min rhythmic movement of the stomach and then again by pyloric expulsion on 3D location. Small intestine transit was taken as the duration from pyloric expulsion to arrival in the cecum. Colon transit time was determined by calculating the duration from 3D arrival in the cecum to passage of the capsule out of the body (i.e., loss of signal accompanying a bowel movement).Key ResultsTen healthy subjects (five women; mean age 34; mean BMI 24) were enrolled, and nine provided reliable data. The variation between the x‐ray and the estimated (i.e., identified by the MoPill™ system) location of the capsule was within an average of 3.5 cm (range 0.9–9.4 cm). The mean GE was 3.1 h. The small intestine's mean transit time was 4.3 h. The mean colonic transit time was 17.6 h. There were no adverse events recorded during the study.Conclusions & InferencesMoPill™ is a novel gastrointestinal positional system that accurately identifies the location of a capsule compared to an X‐ray. MoPill™ system also recognizes GE, small bowel, colonic, and WGTT as well as segmental gut location and movement characteristics. MoPill™ offers the potential for new insights into GI motility disorders not attainable by current modalities.
The gene CmPYL6 strongly contributes to cold tolerance in oriental melon
Authors: Liu W. , Lv Y. , Zhang L. , Jiang Y. , Liu S. , Wang Z. , Zhang J. , He M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The current simple and crude facilities make melon production more susceptible to cold stress during off‐season cultivation in China. The ABA signalling pathway is an important target for breeding cold‐tolerant melon.
Cold‐tolerant No. 330 and cold‐sensitive No. 410 oriental melon genotypes were used to analyse the relationship between ABA and cold tolerance. 12 CmPYLs, ABA receptors, were identified from the melon genome database according to sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis. Gene function of CmPYL6 in cold tolerance was analysed using VIGS in No. 330 and overexpression in Arabidopsis WT.
A total of 12 CmPYL members contain the representative domain and conserved sites. Under cold treatment, No.330 seedlings had lower electrolyte leakage and MDA content, higher ABA content and CmPYL6 expression than seedlings of No. 410. Exogenous application of ABA upregulated expression of CmPYL6 and enhanced cold tolerance of both genotypes, while inhibiting ABA accumulation reduced expression of CmPYL6 and cold tolerance of both genotypes. CmPYL6‐silenced No. 330 seedlings had reduced cold tolerance, increased electrolyte leakage and MDA content as well as limited proline and soluble sugar content, while CmPYL6 overexpressed transgenic Arabidopsis plants had enhanced cold tolerance, with limited electrolyte leakage and MDA content, as well as increased proline and soluble sugar content.
The CmPYL6 gene is probably an important ABA receptor in regulating cold tolerance of oriental melon. Our study provides a direction for improving breeding of cold tolerance of oriental melon.
Effect of Nutrient Solution Flow on Lettuce Root Morphology in Hydroponics: A Multi‐Omics Analysis of Hormone Synthesis and Signal Transduction
Authors: Baiyin Bateer , Xiang Yue , Shao Yang , Son Jung Eek , Yamada Satoshi , Tagawa Kotaro , Yang Qichang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study examined how the nutrient flow environment affects lettuce root morphology in hydroponics using multi‐omics analysis. The results indicate that increasing the nutrient flow rate initially increased indicators such as fresh root weight, root length, surface area, volume, and average diameter before declining, which mirrors the trend observed for shoot fresh weight. Furthermore, a high‐flow environment significantly increased root tissue density. Further analysis using Weighted Gene Co‐expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) and Weighted Protein Co‐expression Network Analysis (WPCNA) identified modules that were highly correlated with phenotypes and hormones. The analysis revealed a significant enrichment of hormone signal transduction pathways. Differences in the expression of genes and proteins related to hormone synthesis and transduction pathways were observed among the different flow conditions. These findings suggest that nutrient flow may regulate hormone levels and signal transmission by modulating the genes and proteins associated with hormone biosynthesis and signaling pathways, thereby influencing root morphology. These findings should support the development of effective methods for regulating the flow of nutrients in hydroponic contexts.
Compliance with social norms in the face of risks: Delineating the roles of uncertainty about risk perceptions versus risk perceptions
Authors: Zhuang Jie , Carey Peyton 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSocial norms are often considered as behavioral guidelines to mitigate health and environmental risks. However, our understanding of the magnitude of their impact on risk‐mitigating behaviors and how perceptions of risks affect the magnitude remains limited. Given the increasing importance of understanding factors influencing behavioral responses to health and environmental risks, this research examines whether the relationship between social norms and behavioral intention to mitigate health and environmental risks is a function of (1) risk perceptions and (2) uncertainty about risk perceptions. A cross‐sectional survey involving a national sample (N = 803) across three health and environmental risks (i.e., infectious diseases, climate change, and water shortage) is conducted. The results reveal a three‐way interaction between descriptive norms, uncertainty about susceptibility, and uncertainty about severity on behavioral intention to mitigate the risk. Individuals exhibit the strongest intention to engage in risk‐mitigating behaviors when they perceive prevailing social norms and are uncertain about their susceptibility to the risk and the severity of the risk. Moreover, injunctive norms interact with uncertainty about susceptibility to influence behavioral intention, such that the more uncertain individuals feel about their vulnerability to a risk, the stronger the impact of injunctive norms is on behavioral intention. Neither descriptive nor injunctive norms interact with perceived risks to influence behavioral intention. This study contributes valuable insights into the interplay between social norms, uncertainty about perceived risk, and behavioral intention, and offers valuable theoretical and practical implications.
Minimizing risk while maximizing opportunity: The infectious disease organ offer process survey
Authors: Prakash Katya , Saharia Kapil K. , Karaba Andrew , Law Nancy , Albarillo Fritzie S. , Zangeneh Tirdad T. , Grossi Paolo , Miller Rachel , Slavin Monica , Shoham Shmuel , Ison Michael , La Hoz Ricardo M. , Baddley John W. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to understand how transplant infectious disease (TID) physicians assess a potential donor with known or suspected infection and describe posttransplant management.MethodsWe designed a survey of 10 organ offer scenarios and asked questions pertaining to organ acceptability for transplantation and management posttransplant. The survey was distributed to TID clinicians via transplant society listservs and email. Responses were recorded in REDCap, and descriptive statistics were employed.ResultsOne hundred thirteen infectious disease physicians responded to the survey, of whom 85 completed all cases. Respondents were generally in agreement regarding organ acceptability, although some divergence was seen when evaluating lungs from donors with influenza, tuberculosis, or multidrug‐resistant Acinetobacter infection. Posttransplant management showed more variation. Areas of optimization were identified: (1) Further understanding of where risk‐mitigation strategies within the donor offer process may improve donor acceptability and therefore organ utilization; (2) importance of recipient considerations in assessing degree of infectious risk; and (3) gaps in evidenced‐based data regarding optimal posttransplant management of recipients.ConclusionEvaluation of donor offers by TID clinicians is a complex process. Although the survey does not itself serve to make recommendations regarding best practices, it highlights areas where generation of data to inform acceptance and management practices may allow for improved organ utilization and recipient management.
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Healthcare provider's perceptions of bleeding in patients with acute leukaemia undergoing induction chemotherapy: A qualitative study
Authors: Taneja Shipra , Heddle Nancy M. , Hillis Christopher , Lane Shannon , Karunakaran Meera , Maze Dawn , Modi Dimpy , Khalaf Dina , Arnold Donald M. , Zahreddine Hassan , Webert Kathryn , Hess Laura , Cook Richard , Stanworth Simon , Gernsheimer Terry , Vanstone Meredith 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundBleeding is a primary outcome for many transfusion‐related trials in acute leukaemia (AL) patients, typically graded using the World Health Organisation (WHO) bleeding scale (clinically significant bleed (CSB) is ≥grade 2). This composite outcome fails to differentiate minor bleeds that may not be significant, poorly represents the total burden of bleeding and lacks input from healthcare providers (HCPs) and patients. As part of a multi‐step project to create a better bleeding tool for trials, our objective was to identify HCPs' perspectives on the components of CSB in AL patients.Study Design and MethodsUsing qualitative description, we interviewed 19 physicians and nurses who care for AL patients undergoing induction chemotherapy. Participants were recruited from professional organisations, networks and social media. An inductive approach to conventional content analysis was used.ResultsHCPs identified features of CSB as the anatomical site of bleeding, amount of bleeding, need for intervention and changes in vital signs. Using these characteristics, bleeding events were categorised into three groups: clinically significant, could evolve into a CSB and not clinically significant. HCPs considered the patient's condition, bleeding history and clinical intuitions when deciding whether a bleed could escalate into serious bleeding.DiscussionUsing data from HCPs, we categorised bleeds as clinically significant, could evolve into a CSB, and not significant. A study of patients' perspectives on the importance of different kinds of bleeding is the next step to creating a bleeding definition that is informed by evidence, clinicians and patients.
Apnoea as a novel method to improve exercise performance: A current state of the literature
Authors: Bouten Janne , Declercq Louise , Boone Jan , Brocherie Franck , Bourgois Jan G. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAcute breath‐holding (apnoea) induces a spleen contraction leading to a transient increase in haemoglobin concentration. Additionally, the apnoea‐induced hypoxia has been shown to lead to an increase in erythropoietin concentration up to 5 h after acute breath‐holding, suggesting long‐term haemoglobin enhancement. Given its potential to improve haemoglobin content, an important determinant for oxygen transport, apnoea has been suggested as a novel training method to improve aerobic performance. This review aims to provide an update on the current state of the literature on this topic. Although the apnoea‐induced spleen contraction appears to be effective in improving oxygen uptake kinetics, this does not seem to transfer into immediately improved aerobic performance when apnoea is integrated into a warm‐up. Furthermore, only long and intense apnoea protocols in individuals who are experienced in breath‐holding show increased erythropoietin and reticulocytes. So far, studies on inexperienced individuals have failed to induce acute changes in erythropoietin concentration following apnoea. As such, apnoea training protocols fail to demonstrate longitudinal changes in haemoglobin mass and aerobic performance. The low hypoxic dose, as evidenced by minor oxygen desaturation, is likely insufficient to elicit a strong erythropoietic response. Apnoea therefore does not seem to be useful for improving aerobic performance. However, variations in apnoea, such as hypoventilation training at low lung volume and repeated‐sprint training in hypoxia through short end‐expiratory breath‐holds, have been shown to induce metabolic adaptations and improve several physical qualities. This shows promise for application of dynamic apnoea in order to improve exercise performance.
Direct Printing of High-Resolution Metallic Three-Dimensional Microneedle Arrays Via Electrohydrodynamic Jet Printing
Authors: Wardell Karson , Yao Yao , Jiang Qingrui , Ding Shinghua , Wang Yi , Han Yiwei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThree-dimensional (3D) microneedle arrays (MAs) have shown remarkable performances for a wide range of biomedical applications. Achieving advanced customizable 3D MAs for personalized research and treatment remain a formidable challenge. In this paper, we have developed a high-resolution electrohydrodynamic (EHD) 3D printing process for fabricating customizable 3D MAs with economical and biocompatible molten alloy. The critical printing parameters (i.e., voltage and pressure) on the printing process for both two-dimensional (2D) and 3D features are characterized, and an optimal set of printing parameters was obtained for printing 3D MAs. We have also studied the effect of the tip-nozzle separation speed on the final tip dimension, which will directly influence MAs' insertion performance and functions. With the optimal process parameters, we successfully EHD printed customizable 3D MAs with varying spacing distances and shank heights. A 3 × 3 customized 3D MAs configuration with various heights ranging from 0.8 mm to 1 mm and a spacing distance as small as 350 μm were successfully fabricated, in which the diameter of each individual microneedle was as small as 100 μm. A series of tests were conducted to evaluate the printed 3D MAs. The experimental results demonstrated that the printed 3D MAs exhibit good mechanical strength for implanting and good electrical properties for electrophysiological sensing and stimulation. All results show the potential applications of the EHD printing technique in fabricating cost-effective, customizable, high-performance MAs for biomedical applications.
Hemodynamics of Circle of Willis Having Hypoplastic/Stenotic Anterior Cerebral Artery A1 Segment
Authors: Menon Harikrishna M. , Dolkar Tondup , Sudhir Jayanand , Shine S. R. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study utilizes computational tools to analyze the hemodynamic effects of a hypoplastic/stenotic A1 segment in the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) on the circle of Willis (CoW). The objective is to investigate how variations in ACA A1 diameter affect flow dynamics, wall shear stress (WSS), and the initiation of aneurysms within the CoW. An idealized CoW geometry is employed, incorporating hypoplastic ACA A1 segments with reductions of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% in diameter and a 50% constriction representing stenosis. A three-dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model explores flow dynamics and WSS distribution. The computational methodology is validated against experimental data from existing literature. The study demonstrates the resilience of overall brain perfusion despite a hypoplastic ACA A1 segment. Significant alterations and diversions in flow, particularly at the anterior communicating artery-anterior cerebral artery (ACoM-ACA) junction, are observed under varying degrees of hypoplasticity. The analysis of radial velocity profiles reveals asymmetry in flow distribution, exacerbating risks of arterial diseases such as atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Distinct patterns of WSS distribution during peak systole in the ACA A2 segment highlight the influence of hypoplasticity on vascular health, with implications for structural aberrations and aneurysm formation, particularly in the posterior cerebral artery (PCA). A comparison study of rigid wall cases with elastic walls using a fluid-structure interaction (FSI) model is also done to understand the applicability of FSI. Insights gained from this research contribute to comprehending CoW anomalies' pathophysiology and offer guidance for developing effective treatment strategies.