bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validity of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound for Identification of Humeroradial Joint Chondral Lesions: A Preliminary Investigation
Authors: Lohman Chelsea M. , Smith Michael P. , Dedrick Gregory S. , Brismée Jean-Michel 
Published: December 2013

Context:Epicondylalgia is a common condition involving pain-generating structures such as tendon, neural, and chondral tissue. The current noninvasive reference standard for identifying chondral lesions is magnetic resonance imaging. Musculoskeletal ultrasound (MUS) may be an inexpensive and effective alternative.Objective:To determine the intrarater reliability and validity of MUS for identifying humeroradial joint (HRJ) chondral lesions.Design:Cross-sectional study.Setting:Clinical anatomy research laboratory.Patients or Other Participants:Twenty-eight embalmed cadavers (14 women, 14 men; mean age = 79.5 ± 8.5 years).Main Outcome Measure(s):An athletic trainer performed MUS evaluation of each anterior and distal-posterior capitellum and radial head to identify chondral lesions. The reference standard was identification of chondral lesions by gross macroscopic examination. Intrarater reliability for reproducing an image was calculated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (3,k) for measurements of the articular surface using 2 images. Intrarater reliability to evaluate a single image was calculated using the Cohen κ for agreement as to the presence of chondral lesions. Validity was calculated using the agreement of MUS images and gross macroscopic examination.Results:Intrarater reliability was 0.88 (95% confidence interval = 0.77, 0.94) for reproducing an image and 0.93 (95% confidence interval = 0.80, 1.06) for evaluating a single image. Identifying chondral lesions on all HRJ surfaces with MUS demonstrated sensitivity = 0.93, specificity = 0.28, positive predictive value = 0.58, negative predictive value = 0.77, positive likelihood ratio = 1.28, and negative likelihood ratio = 0.27.Conclusions:Musculoskeletal ultrasound is a reliable and sensitive tool for a clinician with relatively little experience and training to rule out HRJ chondral lesions. These results may assist with clinical assessment and decision making in patients with lateral epicondylalgia to rule out HRJ chondral lesions.
Theranostic and Molecular Classification of Breast Cancer
Authors: Cornejo Kristine M. , Kandil Dina , Khan Ashraf , Cosar Ediz F. 
Published: December 2013

Context.—Despite advances in breast cancer management, women continue to relapse and die of breast cancer. Traditionally, evaluation for hormone receptors (estrogen and progesterone), as well as HER2 overexpression, have guided therapy-related decision-making because they are both prognostic and predictive indicators. However, there are limitations with those studies, which can lead to improper treatment. Gene signatures have recently been shown to be of value in identifying molecular portraits of breast carcinoma and are beginning to play role in management and treatment algorithms.Objective.—To provide a summary of the prognostic and predictive indicators of breast cancer, such as hormone receptors, HER2, and molecular gene signatures that currently help guide clinical decision making.Data Sources.—Published articles from peer-reviewed journals in PubMed (US National Library of Medicine).Conclusions.—Emerging evidence shows promise that, in addition to hormone receptors and HER2 studies, evaluating tumors with gene expression profiling can provide additional prognostic and predictive information, further aiding clinical management and leading to a more personalized approach to treating breast cancer.
Spherical cap harmonic analysis of the Arctic ionospheric TEC for one solar cycle
Authors: Liu Jingbin , Chen Ruizhi , An Jiachun , Wang Zemin , Hyyppa Juha 
Published: December 2013

AbstractPrecise knowledge of the Arctic ionosphere total electron content (TEC) and its variations has scientific relevance due to the unique characteristics of the polar ionosphere. Understanding the Arctic TEC is also important for precise positioning and navigation in the Arctic. This study utilized the spherical cap harmonic analysis (SCHA) method to map the Arctic TEC for the most recent solar cycle from 2000 to 2013 and analyzed the distributions and variations of the Arctic TEC at different temporal and spatial scales. Even with different ionosphere conditions during the solar cycle, the results showed that the existing International Global Navigation Satellite Systems Service stations are sufficient for mapping the Arctic TEC. The SCHA method provides adequate accuracy and resolution to analyze the spatiotemporal distributions and variations of the Arctic TEC under different ionosphere conditions and to track ionization patches in this polar region (e.g., the ionization event of 26 September 2011). The results derived from the SCHA model were compared to direct observations using the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network radar. The SCHA method is able to predict the TEC in the long and short terms. This paper presented a long‐term prediction with a relative uncertainty of 75% for a latency of one solar cycle and a short‐term prediction with errors of ±2.2 total electron content units (TECUs, 1 TECU = 1016 el m−2), ±3.8 TECU, and ±4.8 TECU for a latency of 1, 2, and 3 days, respectively. The SCHA is an effective method for mapping, predicting, and analyzing the Arctic TEC.
Dynamics of Strombolian explosions: Inferences from field and laboratory studies of erupted bombs from Stromboli volcano
Authors: Gurioli L. , Colo' L. , Bollasina A. J. , Harris A. J. L. , Whittington A. , Ripepe M. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractStrombolian activity is characterized by repeated, low energy, explosions and is named after the volcano where such activity has persisted for around 2000 years, i.e., Stromboli (Aeolian Islands, Italy). Stromboli represents an excellent laboratory where measurements of such explosions can be made from safe, but close, distances. During a field campaign in 2008, two 15 cm diameter bombs were quenched and collected shortly after a normal explosion. The bombs were characterized in terms of their textural, chemical, rheological, and geophysical signatures. The vesicle and crystal size distribution of the samples, coupled with the glass chemistry, enabled us to quantify variations in the degassing history and rheology of the magma resident in the shallow (i.e., in last 250 m of conduit length). The different textural facies observed in these bombs showed that fresh magma was mingled with batches of partially to completely degassed, oxidized, high‐crystallinity, high‐viscosity, evolved magma. This magma sat at the top of the conduit and played only a passive role in the explosive process. The fresh, microlite‐poor, vesiculated batch, however, experienced a response to the explosive event, by undergoing rapid decompression. Integration of geophysical measurements with sample analyses indicates that popular bubble‐bursting models may not fit this case. We suggest that the degassed, magma forms a plug, or rheological layer, at the top of the conduit, through which the fresh magma bursts. In this model we need to consider the paradox of a slug ascending too fast through a magma of varying viscosity and yield strength.
Seismic and gravity constraints on the nature of the basement in the Africa‐Eurasia plate boundary: New insights for the geodynamic evolution of the SW Iberian margin
Authors: Martínez‐Loriente Sara , Sallarès Valentí , Gràcia Eulàlia , Bartolome Rafael , Dañobeitia Juan José , Zitellini Nevio 
Published: December 2013

AbstractWe present a new classification of geological domains at the Africa‐Eurasia plate boundary off SW Iberia, together with a regional geodynamic reconstruction spanning from the Mesozoic extension to the Neogene‐to‐present‐day convergence. It is based on seismic velocity and density models along a new transect running from the Horseshoe to the Seine abyssal plains, which is combined with previously available geophysical models from the region. The basement velocity structure at the Seine Abyssal Plain indicates the presence of a highly heterogeneous, thin oceanic crust with local high‐velocity anomalies possibly representing zones related to the presence of ultramafic rocks. The integration of this model with previous ones reveals the presence of three oceanic domains offshore SW Iberia: (1) the Seine Abyssal Plain domain, generated during the first stages of slow seafloor spreading in the NE Central Atlantic (Early Jurassic); (2) the Gulf of Cadiz domain, made of oceanic crust generated in the Alpine‐Tethys spreading system between Iberia and Africa, which was coeval with the formation of the Seine Abyssal Plain domain and lasted up to the North Atlantic continental breakup (Late Jurassic); and (3) the Gorringe Bank domain, made of exhumed mantle rocks, which formed during the first stages of North Atlantic opening. Our models suggest that the Seine Abyssal Plain and Gulf of Cadiz domains are separated by the Lineament South strike‐slip fault, whereas the Gulf of Cadiz and Gorringe Bank domains appear to be limited by a deep thrust fault located at the center of the Horseshoe Abyssal Plain.
Optical constants for Asian dust in midinfrared region
Authors: Lee Kwang‐Mog , Park Joong‐Hyun 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAsian dust aerosols are composed of quartz, plagioclase, K‐feldspar, calcite, and phyllosilicates. The optical constants for mixtures of these minerals are important not only to understand the effects of Asian dust on climate but also to retrieve the properties of Asian dust. In this work, the optical constants for labradorite and orthoclase, representative minerals of plagioclase and K‐feldspar, respectively, are determined for the spectral range of 500–2000 cm−1 using bidirectional reflectance data from the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer. Assuming an internal mixture of component minerals, the effective refractive indices for Asian dust are calculated using Bruggeman's rule. The results are proposed as optical constants for Asian dust and differ from those for other dust aerosols, such as the refractive indices for “Saharan dust” derived from aerosol samples collected at Barbados. The imaginary refractive index for Asian dust is larger, indicating more absorptive, than the index for Saharan dust in the range of 1000–1300 cm−1. Using the optical constants derived in this study, the brightness temperatures of satellite measurements are simulated for typical loading scenarios of Asian dust aerosols. The simulated brightness temperatures exhibit a notable decrease with wave number in the region of 800–1000 cm−1. The results also corroborate the spectral features of the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) measurements for an Asian dust storm. AIRS brightness temperatures near 1223 cm−1, lower than the maximum near 830 cm−1, can also be simulated using the derived optical constants for Asian dust.
Volumetric estimates of ancient water on Mount Sharp based on boxwork deposits, Gale Crater, Mars
Authors: Siebach Kirsten L. , Grotzinger John P. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractWhile the presence of water on the surface of early Mars is now well known, the volume, distribution, duration, and timing of the liquid water have proven difficult to determine. This study makes use of a distinctive boxwork‐rich sedimentary layer on Mount Sharp to map fluid‐based cementation from orbital imagery and estimate the minimum volume of water present when this sedimentary interval was formed. The boxwork structures on Mount Sharp are decameter‐scale light‐toned polygonal ridges that are unique compared to previous observations of Martian fractured terrain because they are parallel‐sided ridges with dark central linear depressions. This texture and the sedimentary setting strongly imply that the ridges are early diagenetic features formed in the subsurface phreatic groundwater zone. High‐resolution orbital imagery was used to map the volume of light‐toned cemented ridges. Based on the cemented volume, a minimum of 5.25 × 105 m3 of cement was deposited within the fractures. Using a brine composition based on observations of other Martian cements and modeling the degree of evaporation, each volume of cement requires 800–6700 pore volumes of water, so the mapped boxwork ridge cements require a minimum of 0.43 km3 of water. This is a significant amount of groundwater that must have been present at the −3620 m level, 1050 m above the current floor of Gale Crater, providing both a new constraint on the possible origins of Mount Sharp and a possible future science target for the Curiosity rover where large volumes of water were present, and early mineralization could have preserved a once‐habitable environment.
Differences in post‐exercise inflammatory and glucose regulatory response between sedentary indigenous australian and caucasian men completing a single bout of cycling
Authors: Mendham Amy E. , Duffield Rob , Marino Frank , Coutts Aaron J 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTObjectivesThis study compared the acute inflammatory and glucose responses following aerobic exercise in sedentary Indigenous Australian and Caucasian men, matched for fitness and body composition.MethodsSedentary Indigenous (n = 10) and Caucasian (n = 9) Australian men who were free from chronic disease volunteered to participate. Following baseline testing, participants completed a 40 min cycling bout at ∼80% maximal heart rate. Fasting venous blood was collected pre, 0, 30, 60, and 240 min post‐exercise for analysis of glucose, insulin, cortisol, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐1 receptor agonist (ra), and C‐reactive protein (CRP).ResultsResting TNF‐α and glucose concentrations were significantly higher in the Indigenous group (P < 0.05). IL‐6 and IL‐1ra were elevated for longer in Caucasian (P < 0.05), compared with the Indigenous group (P > 0.05). The post‐exercise (0 min) increase in cortisol and glucose for the Caucasians was higher (P < 0.05) than the attenuated responses within the Indigenous group (P > 0.05).ConclusionsDespite being matched for fitness and body composition the Indigenous men had elevated resting TNF‐α and glucose compared with the Caucasian men, which may have contributed to the suppressed post‐exercise anti‐inflammatory response of the Indigenous men; however, glucose normalized between groups post‐exercise. As such, it is recommended for acute moderate‐intensity exercise to be completed daily for long‐term improvements in glucose regulation, irrespective of ancestry. Of note, results suggest it to be even more pertinent for exercise to be encouraged for Indigenous Australian men due to their elevated resting glucose levels at a younger age, when compared to the respective Caucasian group. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 26:208–214, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sex Is a major determinant of neuronal dysfunction in neurofibromatosis type 1
Authors: Diggs‐Andrews Kelly A. , Brown Jacquelyn A. , Gianino Scott M. , Rubin Joshua B. , Wozniak David F. , Gutmann David H. 
Published: December 2013

ObjectiveChildren with neurofibromatosis‐1 (NF1) are at risk for developing numerous nervous system abnormalities, including cognitive problems and brain tumors (optic pathway glioma). Currently, there are few prognostic factors that predict clinical manifestations or outcomes in patients, even in families with an identical NF1 gene mutation. In this study, we leveraged Nf1 genetically engineered mice (GEM) to define the potential role of sex as a clinically relevant modifier of NF1‐associated neuronal dysfunction.MethodsDeidentified clinical data were analyzed to determine the impact of sex on optic glioma–associated visual decline in children with NF1. In addition, Nf1 GEM were employed as experimental platforms to investigate sexually dimorphic differences in learning/memory, visual acuity, retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death, and Nf1 protein (neurofibromin)‐regulated signaling pathway function (Ras activity, cyclic adenosine monophosphate [cAMP], and dopamine levels).ResultsFemale patients with NF1‐associated optic glioma were twice as likely to undergo brain magnetic resonance imaging for visual symptoms and 3× more likely to require treatment for visual decline than their male counterparts. As such, only female Nf1 GEM exhibited a decrement in optic glioma–associated visual acuity, shorter RGC axons, and attenuated cAMP levels. In contrast, only male Nf1 GEM showed spatial learning/memory deficits, increased Ras activity, and reduced dopamine levels.InterpretationCollectively, these observations establish sex as a major prognostic factor underlying neuronal dysfunction in NF1, and suggest that sex should be considered when interpreting future preclinical and clinical study results. Ann Neurol 2014;75:309–316
Lentivirus delivery of IL‐10 to promote and sustain macrophage polarization towards an anti‐inflammatory phenotype
Authors: Boehler R.M. , Kuo R. , Shin S. , Goodman A.G. , Pilecki M.A. , Leonard J.N. , Shea L.D. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTGene delivery from biomaterials can create an environment that promotes and guides tissue formation. However, the immune response induced upon biomaterial implantation can be detrimental to tissue regeneration. Macrophages play a central role in mediating early phases of this response, and functional “polarization” of macrophages towards M1 (inflammatory) or M2 (anti‐inflammatory) phenotypes may bias the local immune state at the implant site. Since gene delivery from biomaterial scaffolds can confer transgene expression in macrophages in vivo, we investigated whether transduction of macrophages with an IL‐10 encoding lentivirus can (1) induce macrophage polarization toward an M2 phenotype even in an pro‐inflammatory environment, and (2) prevent a shift in polarization from M2 to M1 following exposure to pro‐inflammatory stimuli. IL‐10 lentivirus delivery to pre‐polarized M1 macrophages reduced TNF‐α production 1.5‐fold when compared to cells treated with either a control virus or a bolus delivery of recombinant IL‐10 protein. IL‐10 lentivirus delivery to naïve macrophages reduced the amount of TNF‐α produced following an inflammatory challenge by 2.5‐fold compared to cells treated with both the control virus and recombinant IL‐10. At a mechanistic level, IL‐10 lentivirus delivery mediated sustained reduction in NF‐κB activation and, accordingly, reduced transcription of TNF‐α. In sum, lentiviral delivery of IL‐10 to macrophages represents a promising strategy for directing and sustaining macrophage polarization towards an M2 phenotype in order to promote local immune responses that facilitate tissue engineering. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 1210–1221. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Directed evolution of the substrate specificity of biotin ligase
Authors: Lu Wei‐Cheng , Levy Matthew , Kincaid Rodney , Ellington Andrew D. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTWe have developed selection scheme for directing the evolution of Escherichia coli biotin protein ligase (BPL) via in vitro compartmentalization, and have used this scheme to alter the substrate specificity of the ligase towards the utilization of the biotin analogue desthiobiotin. In this scheme, a peptide substrate (BAP) was conjugated to a DNA library encoding BirA, emulsified such that there was a single template per compartment, and protein variants were transcribed and translated in vitro. Those variants that could efficiently desthiobiotinylate their corresponding peptide:DNA conjugate were subsequently captured and amplified. Following just six rounds of selection and amplification several variants that demonstrated higher activity with desthiobiotin were identified. The best variants from Round 6, BirA6–40 and BirA6–47, showed 17‐fold and 10‐fold higher activity, respectively, their abilities to use desthiobiotin as a substrate. While selected enzymes contained a number of substitutions, a single mutation, M157T, proved sufficient to provide much greater activity with desthiobiotin. Further characterization of BirA6–40 and the single substitution variant BirAM157T revealed that they had twoto threefold higher kcat values for desthiobiotin. These variants had also lost much of their ability to utilize biotin, resulting in orthogonal enzymes that in conjunction with streptavidin variants that can utilize desthiobiotin may prove to be of great use in developing additional, robust conjugation handles for a variety of biological and biotechnological applications. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 1071–1081. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Physiological and transcriptional characterization of Escherichia coli strains lacking interconversion of phosphoenolpyruvate and pyruvate when glucose and acetate are coutilized
Authors: Sabido Andrea , Sigala Juan Carlos , Hernández‐Chávez Georgina , Flores Noemí , Gosset Guillermo , Bolívar Francisco 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTPhosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) is a precursor involved in the biosynthesis of aromatics and other valuable compounds in Escherichia coli. The PEP:carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (PTS) is the major glucose transport system and the largest PEP consumer. To increase intracellular PEP availability for aromatics production purposes, mutant strains of E. coli JM101 devoid of the ptsHIcrr operon (PB11 strain) have been previously generated. In this derivative, transport and growth rate on glucose decreased significantly. A laboratory evolved strain derived from PB11 that partially recovered its growth capacity on glucose was named PB12. In the present study, we blocked carbon skeletons interchange between PEP and pyruvate (PYR) in these ptsHIcrr− strains by deleting the pykA, pykF, and ppsA genes. The PB11 pykAF− ppsA− strain exhibited no growth on glucose or acetate alone, but it was viable when both substrates were consumed simultaneously. In contrast, the PB12 pykAF− ppsA− strain displayed a low growth rate on glucose or acetate alone, but in the mixture, growth was significantly improved. RT‐qPCR expression analysis of PB11 pykAF− ppsA− growing with both carbon sources showed a downregulation of all central metabolic pathways compared with its parental PB11 strain. Under the same conditions, transcription of most of the genes in PB12 pykAF− ppsA− did not change, and few like aceBAK, sfcA, and poxB were overexpressed compared with PB12. We explored the aromatics production capabilities of both ptsHIcrr− pykAF− ppsA− strains and the engineered PB12 pykAF− ppsA− tyrR− pheAev2+/pJLBaroGfbrtktA enhanced the yield of aromatic compounds when coutilizing glucose and acetate compared with the control strain PB12 tyrR− pheAev2+/pJLBaroGfbrtktA. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 1150–1160. © 2013 The Authors. Biotechnology and Bioengineering Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Drivers, Practices and Outcomes of Low‐carbon Operations: Approaches of German Automotive Suppliers to Cutting Carbon Emissions
Authors: Böttcher Christian Felix , Müller Martin 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to investigate the determinants of measures used by German automotive suppliers to cut carbon emissions, and their impact on performance. To achieve this aim the concept of low‐carbon operations is developed based on the broader concept of sustainable operations. An integrated conceptual model to research the drivers, practices and outcome of low‐carbon operation is derived. The model is tested using variance‐based structural equations modelling with data collected from 159 German automotive suppliers. It is found that stakeholder pressure, and to some extent expectations about competitiveness, drive the adoption of low‐carbon operational practices. The relative and absolute effect of those drivers varies along the different practices. Regarding the outcomes, positive effects on carbon and indirect effects on economic performance are found. However, the results regarding both drivers and outcomes of the practices under consideration show significant differences with respect to firm size. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment