bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Una corte de caballeros para elNuevo Mundo: los proyectos (utópicos) de Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo
Authors: Teglia Vanina María 
Published: September 2014

En este trabajo, investigo dos propuestas de colonización para Centroamérica —fundantes para la política de colonización española de toda Hispanoamérica— de un escritor paradigmático de la Conquista Americana: Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo, quien fue el Cronista Oficial de Indias de la Corona española durante toda la primera mitad del siglo XVI. El artículo releva y analiza la Historia General y Natural de las Indias, que contiene reproducidas algunas capitulaciones del rey y otras propuestas implícitas en su discurso historiográfico edi­ficante. Un primer proyecto, presentado y rechazado por el rey, se proponía el traslado de caballeros nobles que llevasen en las Indias conquistas “ordenadas”; el otro, implícito en el relato historiográfico, perseguía un modelo de ciudad colonial que fuese réplica de las formas sociales de la metrópoli española. Rastreamos, así, ciertas imágenes utópicas de Oviedo sobre el Nuevo Mundo, tales como la del noble caballero hidalgo castellano, la procuración de “limpieza” de sangre, las sociedades jerárquicas, los conquistadores ejemplares y las ciudades del control, el orden, la represión y la exclusión de la otredad y el mestizaje. Metodológica­mente, el enfoque de análisis es interdisciplinario: abordamos el corpus desde los métodos e intereses de los Estudios Coloniales de la Historia y del Discurso.
Écoquartiers français et jardins collectifs : actualité et perspectives
Authors: Tozzi Pascal , D’Andrea Nicolas 
Published: September 2014

Ce texte fait un point sur les relations entre ville durable et jardins, notamment entre l’émergence des opérations de quartiers durables et l’engouement concomitant pour les jardins collectifs. À partir du corpus constitué des dossiers de candidature présentés au Concours national EcoQuartiers organisé en 2011 par l’État français, l’article évalue l’occurrence de cette forme d’espace collectif dans les projets. Il analyse ensuite les projections et les scénographies de la durabilité urbaine que les discours de projet révèlent. Les jardins collectifs y sont généralement promus en opérateurs de proximité, vecteurs de changement, porteurs d’enjeux, de mobilisations et de pratiques divers. Devant ce type de propos qui transforme le jardin en caution du projet global d’aménagement, l’intérêt est aussi de réintégrer des pistes de réflexion quant à des saisies plus stratégiques, notamment politiques et idéologiques, que recèle la promotion des jardins dans la ville.
Une politique du « vivre avec » un fleuve et ses débordements
Authors: Richard-Ferroudji Audrey , Dupont Nadia , Durand Séverine , Grelot Frédéric 
Published: September 2014

L’expression « vivre avec » apparaît de manière récurrente aujourd’hui dans le domaine des inondations. Quelle politique fonde-t-elle ? Comment se traduit-elle dans l’action publique ? À partir du cas de la basse vallée de l’Orb (Hérault, France) et plus particulièrement du quartier du Faubourg à Béziers, cet article discute de la forme que peut prendre une politique du « vivre avec ». Plusieurs méthodes d’enquête ont été mises en œuvre afin de faire varier les situations de thématisation des inondations : entretiens, focus groups, observations et questionnaire. Nous avons identifié 5 logiques de gestion des inondations qui permettent de questionner ce que peut signifier « vivre avec » et des actions typiques d’une telle approche. « Vivre avec » un fleuve et ses débordements c’est composer avec d’autres logiques de gestion que la maîtrise technique et la logique sécuritaire, c’est aménager et informer sans déconnecter la crue du fleuve et c’est appuyer l’auto-organisation des habitants. Cela ouvre sur une manière différente de gérer les inondations fondée sur le mode d’habiter un territoire.
La France et la mise en œuvre du protocole de Nagoya
Authors: Burelli Thomas 
Published: September 2014

Le 26 mars 2014, le projet de loi sur la biodiversité a été dévoilé en Conseil des ministres par Philippe Martin, alors ministre français de l’Écologie. Parmi les différents titres du projet de loi, le titre IV intitulé « accès aux ressources génétiques et partage juste et équitable des avantages » (APA) se veut une transposition en droit français de la Convention sur la Diversité Biologique (CDB) de 1992 et du protocole de Nagoya, complétant cette convention, adopté lui en 2010. Dans cette contribution, nous analysons le contenu du projet de loi. Nous montrerons que le projet de loi présente encore de nombreuses limites. La première d’entre elles concerne les définitions proposées et en particulier celles relatives aux connaissances traditionnelles et aux communautés. Nous verrons que les procédures d’accès et d’utilisation des ressources génétiques apparaissent encore insuffisamment développées pour que nous puissions juger avec précision de leur qualité. Enfin le projet de loi adopte une interprétation originale et potentiellement dommageable du partage des compétences entre certains territoires ultramarins français et l’État.
Requirement for Ssbp2 in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Maintenance and Stress Response
Authors: Li June , Kurasawa Yasuhiro , Wang Yang , Clise-Dwyer Karen , Klumpp Sherry A. , Liang Hong , Tailor Ramesh C. , Raymond Aaron C. , Estrov Zeev , Brandt Stephen J. , Davis Richard E. , Zweidler-McKay Patrick , Amin Hesham M. , Nagarajan Lalitha 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Transcriptional mechanisms governing hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) quiescence, self-renewal, and differentiation are not fully understood. Sequence-specific ssDNA–binding protein 2 (SSBP2) is a candidate acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) suppressor gene located at chromosome 5q14. SSBP2 binds the transcriptional adaptor protein Lim domain–binding protein 1 (LDB1) and enhances LDB1 stability to regulate gene expression. Notably, Ldb1 is essential for HSC specification during early development and maintenance in adults. We previously reported shortened lifespan and greater susceptibility to B cell lymphomas and carcinomas in Ssbp2−/− mice. However, whether Ssbp2 plays a regulatory role in normal HSC function and leukemogenesis is unknown. In this study, we provide several lines of evidence to demonstrate a requirement for Ssbp2 in the function and transcriptional program of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in vivo. We found that hematopoietic tissues were hypoplastic in Ssbp2−/− mice, and the frequency of lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitor cells in bone marrow was reduced. Other significant features of these mice were delayed recovery from 5-fluorouracil treatment and diminished multilineage reconstitution in lethally irradiated bone marrow recipients. Dramatic reduction of Notch1 transcripts and increased expression of transcripts encoding the transcription factor E2a and its downstream target Cdkn1a also distinguished Ssbp2−/− HSPCs from wild-type HSPCs. Finally, a tendency toward coordinated expression of SSBP2 and the AML suppressor NOTCH1 in a subset of the Cancer Genome Atlas AML cases suggested a role for SSBP2 in AML pathogenesis. Collectively, our results uncovered a critical regulatory function for SSBP2 in HSPC gene expression and function.
The AP-2 Clathrin Adaptor Mediates Endocytosis of an Inhibitory Killer Cell Ig-like Receptor in Human NK Cells
Authors: Purdy Amanda K. , Alvarez Arias Diana A. , Oshinsky Jennifer , James Ashley M. , Serebriiskii Ilya , Campbell Kerry S. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Stable surface expression of human inhibitory killer cell Ig-like receptors (KIRs) is critical for controlling NK cell function and maintaining NK cell tolerance toward normal MHC class I+ cells. Our recent experiments, however, have found that Ab-bound KIR3DL1 (3DL1) readily leaves the cell surface and undergoes endocytosis to early/recycling endosomes and subsequently to late endosomes. We found that 3DL1 internalization is at least partially mediated by an interaction between the μ2 subunit of the AP-2 clathrin adaptor complex and ITIM tyrosine residues in the cytoplasmic domain of 3DL1. Disruption of the 3DL1/μ2 interaction, either by mutation of the ITIM tyrosines in 3DL1 or mutation of μ2, significantly diminished endocytosis and increased surface expression of 3DL1 in human primary NK cells and cell lines. Furthermore, we found that the 3DL1/AP-2 interaction is diminished upon Ab engagement with the receptor, as compared with untreated cells. Thus, we have identified AP-2–mediated endocytosis as a mechanism regulating the surface levels of inhibitory KIRs through their ITIM domains. Based on our results, we propose a model in which nonengaged KIRs are internalized by this mechanism, whereas engagement with MHC class I ligand would diminish AP-2 binding, thereby prolonging stable receptor surface expression and promoting inhibitory function. Furthermore, this ITIM-mediated mechanism may similarly regulate the surface expression of other inhibitory immune receptors.
Mavridis’ atrophy in Parkinson’s disease: “The peak of the iceberg”
Authors: Mavridis Ioannis N. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD), a common neurologic disease, is an archetypal disorder of dopamine dysfunction characterized by motor, cognitive, behavioral and autonomic symptoms. The human nucleus accumbens (NA), a limbic-motor interface, is crucially involved in PD, not only in its pathogenesis and clinical manifestations but in the effects of several treatment efforts as well. NA atrophy in PD, Mavridis’ atrophy (MA), was discovered 4 years ago. The purpose of this article was to review the current knowledge regarding the role of ΜΑ in PD as well as to suggest future research directions. Summarizing the current knowledge regarding MA, we could say that this phenomenon begins in early-stage PD patients and is correlated with psychiatric symptoms that occur in PD, mainly apathy and impulsive behavior. Moreover, MA is also associated with cognitive PD symptoms. Thinking of how well we know the role of MA in PD, we are probably seeing just “the peak of the iceberg.” It is particularly important that we know that an unexplored “iceberg” exists, but we currently have just a look at its “peak.” Further research is necessary to enrich our knowledge and consequently improve our understanding of the significance of the role of MA in PD.
Role of tuberculin skin test in latent tuberculosis infection in HIV patients in a tertiary care hospital of India
Authors: Patil Shital , Phutane Mukund , Mundkar Sanjay 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome can affect the natural course of tuberculosis (TB) and pose diagnostic difficulties and may negatively affect the treatment due to frequent drug interactions in the advanced state of disease. Targeted tuberculin skin testing (TST) for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) identifies persons at high risk for TB who would benefit by treatment of LTBI, if detected. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study conducted at the Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Department of Internal Medicine, MIMSR Medical College, Latur, India from November 2012 to October 2013 included all HIV-positive patients attending the outdoor department. A total of 100 HIV-positive patients subjected to TST were studied. The clinical presentation, CD4 count and tuberculin test result were studied. Chi-square test was applied to know the test of significance. Results: In this study of 100 patients, 48 were male, 52 were female and the male to female ratio was 0.92:1, with majority of the cases in the age group of 31-40 years. The mean age of the patients was 35.89 years. The most common mode of transmission of HIV infection was heterosexual in 93 patients (93%), blood transfusion in four patients (4%) and injections in three patients (3%). Of the 100 patients studied, 56 patients were TST negative (56%), whereas 44 patients were TST positive (44%). Of the 100 patients studied, 48 patients had a CD4 count of <200 cells/mm3; of these 48 patients, 37 patients were TST negative and 11 patients were TST positive. Conclusion: TST reactivity varied directly and that of anergy inversely with absolute CD4 counts. TST should be correlated with CD4 count as indurations to protein purified derivative depend on CD4 count. TST in asymptomatic HIV cases, irrespective of CD4 count, would definitely guide regarding decision of chemoprophylaxis in LTBI. The role of TST in the decision to start chemoprophylaxis in LTBI should be considered cautiously in India, as the prevalence of both HIV and TB is high.
Exact Artificial Boundary Condition for the Poisson Equation in the Simulation of the 2D Schrödinger-Poisson System
Authors: Mauser Norbert J. , Zhang Yong 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe study the computation of ground states and time dependent solutions of the Schrödinger-Poisson system (SPS) on a bounded domain in 2D (i.e. in two space dimensions). On a disc-shaped domain, we derive exact artificial boundary conditions for the Poisson potential based on truncated Fourier series expansion in θ, and propose a second order finite difference scheme to solve ther-variable ODEs of the Fourier coefficients. The Poisson potential can be solved within(MNlogN) arithmetic operations whereM,Nare the number of grid points inr-direction and the Fourier bases. Combined with the Poisson solver, a backward Euler and a semi-implicit/leap-frog method are proposed to compute the ground state and dynamics respectively. Numerical results are shown to confirm the accuracy and efficiency. Also we make it clear that backward Euler sine pseudospectral (BESP) method in [33] can not be applied to 2D SPS simulation.
La Route des Loisirs à l’est de Paris : itinéraires et destinations touristiques au tournant du XXe siècle
Authors: Levet-Labry Eric , Schut Pierre-Olaf 
Published: September 2014

À la fin du XIXe siècle, l’excursion hebdomadaire et le tourisme en train, à bicyclette, en automobile ou en canot, s’organisent vers l’est, le long de la Marne. Le Touring Club de France et le Canoë Club de France, deux sociétés parisiennes d’encouragement du tourisme, participent à la construction de la Route des Loisirs sur environ 50 km, entre Paris et Meaux. Ces deux sociétés aménagent le territoire et développent des infrastructures pour accueillir des touristes. Le chemin de fer, la route, l’hébergement et les loisirs semblent être les points importants autour desquels se structure une destination touristique. Trois secteurs émergent : le secteur Joinville – Nogent – Le Perreux, la ville de Lagny-sur-Marne et la ville de Meaux. Les guides touristiques et de voyage valorisent ces destinations de loisir.
Internalization of Silica Nanoparticles into Fluid Liposomes: Formation of Interesting Hybrid Colloids
Authors: Michel Raphael , Kesselman Ellina , Plostica Tobias , Danino Dganit , Gradzielski Michael 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe formation of hybrid materials consisting of membrane‐coated silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) concentrated within small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs) of 1,2‐dioleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine (DOPC) is described. They are formed by a simple self‐assembly process resulting from invagination of the SiNPs into the SUVs and subsequent vesicle fusion, thereby retaining an almost constant size. This process was followed under conditions where it proceeds slowly and could be analyzed in structural detail. The finally formed well‐defined SiNP‐filled vesicles are long‐time stable hybrid colloids and their structure is conveniently controlled by the initial mixing ratio of SiNPs and vesicles.
Supramolecular Gating of Ion Transport in Nanochannels
Authors: Kumar B. V. V. S. Pavan , Rao K. Venkata , Sampath S. , George Subi J. , Eswaramoorthy Muthusamy 
Published: September 2014

AbstractSeveral covalent strategies towards surface charge‐reversal in nanochannels have been reported with the purpose of manipulating ion transport. However, covalent routes lack dynamism, modularity and post‐synthetic flexibility, and hence restrict their applicability in different environments. Here, we introduce a facile non‐covalent approach towards charge‐reversal in nanochannels (<10 nm) using strong charge‐transfer interactions between dicationic viologen (acceptor) and trianionic pyranine (donor). The polarity of ion transport was switched from anion selective to ambipolar to cation selective by controlling the extent of viologen bound to the pyranine. We could also regulate the ion transport with respect to pH by selecting a donor with pH‐responsive functional groups. The modularity of this approach further allows facile integration of various functional groups capable of responding to stimuli such as light and temperature to modulate the transport of ions as well as molecules.
Vision‐Based Fan Speed Control System in the Copper Scraps Smelting Process
Authors: Zhang Hongwei , Ge Zhiqiang , Ye Lingjian , Song Zhihuan 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis paper presents a vision‐based system to control the draught fan speed in the copper scraps smelting process. First, the proposed vision‐based system captures exhaust gas images and extracts them. Then, the image features can be classified by the k‐means clustering method. For each cluster, a least square support vector regression (LSSVR)‐based fan speed estimation model is trained to correlate image features and expected fan speed commands. Sequentially, fan speed commands can be estimated by the models developed in the testing stage. Finally, the vision‐based system is applied in situ to generate fan speed control commands. The experiment results indicate that the proposed vision‐based control system can automatically regulate the fan speed with good accuracy and real‐time performance. The practical application results realize a 30% energy consumption when compared to the artificial control manner.
Polymorphic crystal structures of an all‐AT DNA dodecamer
Authors: Acosta‐Reyes Francisco J. , Subirana Juan A. , Pous Joan , Sánchez‐Giraldo Raquel , Condom Núria , Baldini Roberto , Malinina Lucy , Campos J. Lourdes 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTIn this work, we explore the influence of different solvents and ions on the crystallization behavior of an all‐AT dodecamer d(AATAAATTTATT)2 In all cases, the oligonucleotides are found as continuous columns of stacked duplexes. The spatial organization of such columns is variable; consequently we have obtained seven different crystal forms. The duplexes can be made to crystallize in either parallel or crossed columns. Such versatility in the formation of a variety of crystal forms is characteristic for this sequence. It had not been previously reported for any other sequence. In all cases, the oligonucleotide duplexes have been found to crystallize in the B form. The crystallization conditions determine the organization of the crystal, although no clear local interactions have been detected. Mg2+ and Ni2+ can be used in order to obtain compact crossed structures. DNA–DNA interactions in the crystals of our all‐AT duplexes present crossovers which are different from those previously reported for mixed sequence oligonucleotides. Our results demonstrate that changes in the ionic atmosphere and the crystallization solvent have a strong influence on the DNA–DNA interactions. Similar ionic changes will certainly influence the biological activity of DNA. Modulation of the crystal structure by ions should also be explored in DNA crystal engineering. Liquid crystals with a peculiar macroscopic shape have also been observed. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 103: 123–133, 2015.
Stimuli‐Responsive Supramolecular Interfaces for Controllable Bioelectrocatalysis
Authors: Wan Pengbo , Chen Xiaodong 
Published: September 2014

AbstractInspired by natural biochemical promotion and inhibition of electron‐transport processes in response to real‐life physical/chemical stimuli, artificial signal‐triggered bioelectrocatalysis and modulation of the electron‐transfer processes of redox biomolecules are vitally important for understanding electron‐transport pathways in bioelectrochemical systems and for mimicking the dynamic properties of sensitive biochemical reactions in real bioprocesses. Recently, the reversible activation and deactivation of bioelectrocatalysis by external stimuli on functional electrodes integrated with redox enzymes has been established, especially at stimuli‐responsive supramolecular interfaces. Potential applications in various research fields include controllable biofuel cells, bioelectronic devices, stimuli‐responsive biosensors, energy transduction, information storage, and data processing. This Minireview aims to summarize the current state‐of‐the‐art knowledge on various controllable bioelectrocatalysts from diverse functional interfaces formed by supramolecular interactions and supramolecular assemblies. The role of the assembled interface is highlighted, and the electrochemical kinetics during “on” and “off” states of bioelectrocatalysis is discussed. Finally, possible strategies for the future design of stimuli‐responsive bioelectrocatalysts integrated with multifunctional supramolecular interfaces are presented.
Mechanisms for the Breakdown of Halomethanes through Reactions with Ground‐State Cyano Radicals
Authors: Farahani Pooria , Maeda Satoshi , Francisco Joseph S. , Lundberg Marcus 
Published: September 2014

AbstractOne route to break down halomethanes is through reactions with radical species. The capability of the artificial force‐induced reaction algorithm to efficiently explore a large number of radical reaction pathways has been illustrated for reactions between haloalkanes (CX3Y; X=H, F; Y=Cl, Br) and ground‐state (2Σ+) cyano radicals (CN). For CH3Cl+CN, 71 stationary points in eight different pathways have been located and, in agreement with experiment, the highest rate constant (108 s−1 M−1 at 298 K) is obtained for hydrogen abstraction. For CH3Br, the rate constants for hydrogen and halogen abstraction are similar (109 s−1 M−1), whereas replacing hydrogen with fluorine eliminates the hydrogen‐abstraction route and decreases the rate constants for halogen abstraction by 2–3 orders of magnitude. The detailed mapping of stationary points allows accurate calculations of product distributions, and the encouraging rate constants should motivate future studies with other radicals.
3D Insulator‐based dielectrophoresis using DC‐biased, AC electric fields for selective bacterial trapping
Authors: Zellner Phillip , Shake Tyler , Hosseini Yahya , Nakidde Diana , Riquelme Maria V. , Sahari Ali , Pruden Amy , Behkam Bahareh , Agah Masoud 
Published: September 2014

Insulator‐based dielectrophoresis (iDEP) is a well‐known technique that harnesses electric fields for separating, moving, and trapping biological particle samples. Recent work has shown that utilizing DC‐biased AC electric fields can enhance the performance of iDEP devices. In this study, an iDEP device with 3D varying insulating structures analyzed in combination with DC biased AC fields is presented for the first time. Using our unique reactive ion etch lag, the mold for the 3D microfluidic chip is created with a photolithographic mask. The 3D iDEP devices, whose largest dimensions are 1 cm long, 0.18 cm wide, and 90 μm deep are then rapidly fabricated by curing a PDMS polymer in the glass mold. The 3D nature of the insulating microstructures allows for high trapping efficiency at potentials as low as 200 Vpp. In this work, separation of Escherichia coli from 1 μm beads and selective trapping of live Staphylococcus aureus cells from dead S. aureus cells is demonstrated. This is the first reported use of DC‐biased AC fields to selectively trap bacteria in 3D iDEP microfluidic device and to efficiently separate particles where selectivity of DC iDEP is limited.