bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Negotiating the meaning of global heritage: ‘cultural landscapes’ in the UNESCO World Heritage Convention, 1972–92
Authors: Gfeller Aurélie Elisa 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis article offers new historical analysis of global heritage by tracking the evolution of heritage concepts. Specifically, it analyses the introduction of the category of ‘cultural landscapes’ in the UNESCO World Heritage Convention in 1992, using it as a lens through which to view the process of international (re)negotiation of the meaning of heritage. It shows that this reform resulted from the cooperation of competing actors – including experts, non-governmental organizations, and governments – that harboured different visions of culture and nature and their interrelationship. It also demonstrates that the recognition of cultural landscapes as a heritage category marked the new assertiveness of actors from post-settler states in North America and Oceania, as opposed to Europe, which had dominated global heritage until that point.
Political liberalism and French national identity in the wake of the face-veiling law
Authors: Daly Eoin 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPolitical liberalism suggests state power must be exercised and justified on terms all citizens can reasonably be expected to endorse, independently of their comprehensive identities or worldviews. For Rawls, a democratic community cannot be united by any shared ends or identities other than those connected with the political conception of justice itself. Republican political thought often seems to undermine this ‘liberal principle of legitimacy’ through its stronger demands of social cohesion and participative civic virtue. Conversely, however, it generally seeks to define citizenship independently of any non-political commonalities citizens might be assumed to share. This theoretical tension was reflected in recent French republican discourses on Islam, gender and national identity. France's recent prohibition on public face-veiling coincided with an officially orchestrated debate on national identity which seemed to challenge the traditional republican conception of national identity as a purely civic and political construct. While couched in republican terminologies, these recent discourses seemed to understand the principle oflaïcité, or constitutional secularism, as a bulwark for the pre-political dimensions of national identity. Accordingly, this article outlines how these discourses on religion and gender illuminated tensions and contradictions within the prevailing republican account of national identity.
A substantial prehistoric European ancestry amongst Ashkenazi maternal lineages
Authors: Costa Marta D. , Pereira Joana B. , Pala Maria , Fernandes Verónica , Olivieri Anna , Achilli Alessandro , Perego Ugo A. , Rychkov Sergei , Naumova Oksana , Hatina Jiři , Woodward Scott R. , Eng Ken Khong , Macaulay Vincent , Carr Martin , Soares Pedro , Pereira Luísa , Richards Martin B. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe origins of Ashkenazi Jews remain highly controversial. Like Judaism, mitochondrial DNA is passed along the maternal line. Its variation in the Ashkenazim is highly distinctive, with four major and numerous minor founders. However, due to their rarity in the general population, these founders have been difficult to trace to a source. Here we show that all four major founders, ~40% of Ashkenazi mtDNA variation, have ancestry in prehistoric Europe, rather than the Near East or Caucasus. Furthermore, most of the remaining minor founders share a similar deep European ancestry. Thus the great majority of Ashkenazi maternal lineages were not brought from the Levant, as commonly supposed, nor recruited in the Caucasus, as sometimes suggested, but assimilated within Europe. These results point to a significant role for the conversion of women in the formation of Ashkenazi communities, and provide the foundation for a detailed reconstruction of Ashkenazi genealogical history.
Mechanism of amyloid β−protein dimerization determined using single−molecule AFM force spectroscopy
Authors: Lv Zhengjian , Roychaudhuri Robin , Condron Margaret M. , Teplow David B. , Lyubchenko Yuri L. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAβ42 and Aβ40 are the two primary alloforms of human amyloid β−protein (Aβ). The two additional C−terminal residues of Aβ42 result in elevated neurotoxicity compared with Aβ40, but the molecular mechanism underlying this effect remains unclear. Here, we used single−molecule force microscopy to characterize interpeptide interactions for Aβ42 and Aβ40 and corresponding mutants. We discovered a dramatic difference in the interaction patterns of Aβ42 and Aβ40 monomers within dimers. Although the sequence difference between the two peptides is at the C−termini, the N−terminal segment plays a key role in the peptide interaction in the dimers. This is an unexpected finding as N−terminal was considered as disordered segment with no effect on the Aβ peptide aggregation. These novel properties of Aβ proteins suggests that the stabilization of N−terminal interactions is a switch in redirecting of amyloids form the neurotoxic aggregation pathway, opening a novel avenue for the disease preventions and treatments.
TNF induces the expression of the sialyltransferase ST3Gal IV in human bronchial mucosa via MSK1/2 protein kinases and increases FliD/sialyl-Lewisx-mediated adhesion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Colomb Florent , Vidal Olivier , Bobowski Marie , Krzewinski-Recchi Marie-Ange , Harduin-Lepers Anne , Mensier Eric , Jaillard Sophie , Lafitte Jean-Jacques , Delannoy Philippe , Groux-Degroote Sophie 
Published: October 2013

We have shown previously that the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF (tumour necrosis factor) could drive sLex (sialyl-Lewisx) biosynthesis through the up-regulation of the BX transcript isoform of the ST3GAL4 (ST3 β-galactoside α-2,3-sialyltransferase 4) sialyltransferase gene in lung epithelial cells and human bronchial mucosa. In the present study, we show that the TNF-induced up-regulation of the ST3GAL4 BX transcript is mediated by MSK1/2 (mitogen- and stress-activated kinase 1/2) through the ERK (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase) and p38 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathways, and increases sLex expression on high-molecular-mass glycoproteins in inflamed airway epithelium. We also show that the TNF-induced sLex expression increases the adhesion of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 and PAK strains to lung epithelial cells in a FliD-dependent manner. These results suggest that ERK and p38 MAPK, and the downstream kinase MSK1/2, should be considered as potential targets to hamper inflammation, bronchial mucin glycosylation changes and P. aeruginosa binding in the lung of patients suffering from lung diseases such as chronic bronchitis or cystic fibrosis.
Holocene dynamics of the Florida Everglades with respect to climate, dustfall, and tropical storms
Authors: Glaser Paul H. , Hansen Barbara C. S. , Donovan Joe J. , Givnish Thomas J. , Stricker Craig A. , Volin John C. 
Published: October 2013

SignificanceWind-blown dust is seldom considered an important source for nutrients in large peatlands, such as the Everglades. However, a sedimentary record suggests that high loadings of dust-borne nutrients once prevailed in the central Everglades during a period of moister climate with intense tropical storms that ended 2,800 y ago. Afterwards, a drier climatic regime with a steep decline in dustfall may have been the impetus for the striking surface patterning of the Everglades. This study provides additional support for the importance of aeolian dust in ecosystem development.
Cancer cell exosomes depend on cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans for their internalization and functional activity
Authors: Christianson Helena C. , Svensson Katrin J. , van Kuppevelt Toin H. , Li Jin-Ping , Belting Mattias 
Published: October 2013

Significance
Exosome-mediated intercellular transfer of proteins and nucleic acids has attracted considerable attention as exosomes may promote the development of cancer and other pathological conditions; however, the mechanism of exosome uptake by target cells and how this may be inhibited remain as important questions. We provide evidence that heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) function as receptors of cancer cell-derived exosomes. Importantly, our data indicate that the HSPG-dependent uptake route is highly relevant for the biological activity of exosomes, and thus a potential target for inhibition of exosome-mediated tumor development. Given that several viruses have previously been shown to enter cells through HSPGs, our data implicate HSPG as a convergence point during cellular uptake of endogenous vesicles and virus particles.
Molecular understanding of atmospheric particle formation from sulfuric acid and large oxidized organic molecules
Authors: Schobesberger Siegfried , Junninen Heikki , Bianchi Federico , Lönn Gustaf , Ehn Mikael , Lehtipalo Katrianne , Dommen Josef , Ehrhart Sebastian , Ortega Ismael K. , Franchin Alessandro , Nieminen Tuomo , Riccobono Francesco , Hutterli Manuel , Duplissy Jonathan , Almeida João , Amorim Antonio , Breitenlechner Martin , Downard Andrew J. , Dunne Eimear M. , Flagan Richard C. , Kajos Maija , Keskinen Helmi , Kirkby Jasper , Kupc Agnieszka , Kürten Andreas , Kurtén Theo , Laaksonen Ari , Mathot Serge , Onnela Antti , Praplan Arnaud P. , Rondo Linda , Santos Filipe D. , Schallhart Simon , Schnitzhofer Ralf , Sipilä Mikko , Tomé António , Tsagkogeorgas Georgios , Vehkamäki Hanna , Wimmer Daniela , Baltensperger Urs , Carslaw Kenneth S. , Curtius Joachim , Hansel Armin , Petäjä Tuukka , Kulmala Markku , Donahue Neil M. , Worsnop Douglas R. 
Published: October 2013

Significance
The formation of nanoparticles by condensable vapors in the atmosphere influences radiative forcing and therefore climate. We explored the detailed mechanism of particle formation, in particular the role of oxidized organic molecules that arise from the oxidation of monoterpenes, a class of volatile organic compounds emitted from plants. We mimicked atmospheric conditions in a well-controlled laboratory setup and found that these oxidized organics form initial clusters directly with single sulfuric acid molecules. The clusters then grow by the further addition of both sulfuric acid and organic molecules. Some of the organics are remarkably highly oxidized, a critical feature that enables them to participate in forming initial stable molecular clusters and to facilitate the first steps of atmospheric nanoparticle formation.
Identification and grafting of a unique peptide-binding site in the Fab framework of monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Donaldson Joshua M. , Zer Cindy , Avery Kendra N. , Bzymek Krzysztof P. , Horne David A. , Williams John C. 
Published: October 2013

SignificanceThe identification and subsequent grafting of a unique peptide binding site within the Fab domain offers a unique means of adding functionality to monoclonal antibodies through a noncovalent interaction including improved pretargeted imaging, alternative payload delivery, and cross-linking of mAbs on cell surfaces to enhance their therapeutic potential.
TALEN-engineered AR gene rearrangements reveal endocrine uncoupling of androgen receptor in prostate cancer
Authors: Nyquist Michael D. , Li Yingming , Hwang Tae Hyun , Manlove Luke S. , Vessella Robert L. , Silverstein Kevin A. T. , Voytas Daniel F. , Dehm Scott M. 
Published: October 2013

Significance
The androgen receptor (AR) is a master regulator in cells of prostatic origin, including prostate cancer. How AR activity can persist in tumors that are resistant to second-generation AR-targeted therapies remains unknown. This study describes the discovery of AR gene rearrangements in clinical prostate cancer tissues, and the use of genome engineering in prostate cancer cells with transcription activator-like effector nucleases to functionally classify these gene rearrangements as drivers of resistance. This knowledge is expected to lead to better patient management and enable the development of more effective therapies for advanced prostate cancer.
Arginine oscillation explains Na
+
independence in the substrate/product antiporter CaiT
Authors: Kalayil Sissy , Schulze Sabrina , Kühlbrandt Werner 
Published: October 2013

Significance
Many secondary-active transporters use a sodium gradient to translocate their substrate along with a sodium ion or ions across the membrane. In contrast to other, closely related transporters, the carnitine transporter CaiT does not depend on an ion gradient. We show here that the positively charged amino acid sidechain arginine 262 (R262) in CaiT replaces the sodium ion required by other transporters. Mutating R262 in CaiT makes substrate binding and transport sodium dependent. Modeling studies reveal that R262 adopts various orientations in different conformational states of the CaiT transport cycle. We propose that this oscillation of R262 mimics sodium binding and dissociation that is crucial for triggering conformational changes resulting in substrate translocation.
3D printing of microscopic bacterial communities
Authors: Connell Jodi L. , Ritschdorff Eric T. , Whiteley Marvin , Shear Jason B. 
Published: October 2013

Significance
Bacteria within the human body commonly thrive within structured three-dimensional (3D) communities composed of multiple bacterial species. Organization of individuals and populations within bacterial aggregates is believed to play key roles in mediating community attributes, affecting, for example, the virulence of infections within the cystic fibrosis lung and oral cavity. To gain detailed insights into how geometry may influence pathogenicity, we describe a strategy for 3D printing bacterial communities in which physically distinct but chemically interactive populations of defined size, shape, and density can be organized into essentially any arrangement. Using this approach, we show that resistance of one pathogenic species to an antibiotic can enhance the resistance of a second species by virtue of their 3D relationship.
Mitochondrial disulfide relay mediates translocation of p53 and partitions its subcellular activity
Authors: Zhuang Jie , Wang Ping-yuan , Huang Xinglu , Chen Xiaoyuan , Kang Ju-Gyeong , Hwang Paul M. 
Published: October 2013

Significance
p53 is one of the most highly studied proteins in biomedical research because of its importance in preventing cancer and its direct or indirect role in many biological processes. It is best known as a nuclear protein that is critical for maintaining genomic integrity and regulating gene expression. We have uncovered a molecular mechanism by which p53 translocates into the mitochondria, depending on respiration, and facilitates the repair of oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA. The dynamic partitioning of p53 between the nuclear and mitochondrial compartments has important implications for cancer and the many other essential functions of p53 in normal physiology.
Network model of top-down influences on local gain and contextual interactions in visual cortex
Authors: Piëch Valentin , Li Wu , Reeke George N. , Gilbert Charles D. 
Published: October 2013

Significance
Perceptual grouping links line segments that define object contours and distinguishes them from background contours. This process is reflected in the responses to contours of neurons in primary visual cortex (V1), and depends on long-range horizontal cortical connections. We present a network model, based on an interaction between recurrent inputs to V1 and intrinsic connections within V1, which accounts for task-dependent changes in the properties of V1 neurons. The model simulates top-down modulation of effective connectivity of intrinsic cortical connections among biophysically realistic neurons. It quantitatively reproduces the magnitude and time course of the facilitation of V1 neuronal responses to contours.
Serving two masters
Authors: De Smet Hendrik , Van de Velde Freek 
Published: October 2013

This paper examines two cases of so-called syntactic amalgams. In syntactic amalgams a particular string that is shared by two constructions is exploited to combine them, in such a way that one of the constructions functions as a modifier of the other. Typical examples are after God knows how many years (< after many years + God knows how many years) and a big enough house (< a big house + big enough). In formal theories, these kinds of constructions have been insightfully described as ‘grafts’. However, the exact process through which these amalgams arise remains unexplored. When studied closely, these processes reveal form–function friction not fully accounted for by the graft metaphor.
Syntactic amalgams typically serve a subjective function and have been recruited for this purpose. However, because they consist of a syntagm that is still internally parsable, they tend to resist full reanalysis. More precisely, their original syntax continues to constrain their use. As such, amalgams get caught between their original syntax, which remains transparent, and their new function, which suggests a new syntactic status.
This appears clearly from contrastive studies of amalgams in Dutch and English that are functionally similar but whose use is constrained in different ways due to structural differences between the two languages. Our first case study deals with the Dutch and English amalgam wie weet / who knows. A contrastive analysis of the development of the respective items shows both the conservative effect of the origin of change and the attraction exerted by the target of change. The second case we discuss in detail involves so-called transparent free relatives. A contrastive analysis shows the role of the overall grammar of a language in licensing change, in this case with Dutch word order posing more difficulties to the new focusing function of transparent free relatives.
In general, both case studies show the formation of syntactic amalgams to be sensitive to system pressures both in the course of their development and in the eventual outcome of change.
Sluiceway Operations for Adult Steelhead Downstream Passage at The Dalles Dam, Columbia River, USA
Authors: Khan Fenton , Royer Ida M. , Johnson Gary E. , Tackley Sean C. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Sluiceways at hydroelectric dams are designed to enable floating ice and debris to pass through the dams and may be used as an effective, nonturbine, surface route for out-migrating fishes to pass through dams. Each year, the sluiceway at The Dalles Dam on the Columbia River, USA, is normally operated between 1 April and 30 November and the spillway between 10 April and 31 August to enable downstream-migrating juvenile Pacific salmonids to pass. The only route available for fishes to pass the dam between 1 December and 31 March is through the turbines. This study evaluated downstream passage of adult steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss at The Dalles Dam during various periods between 1 November and 10 April for years 2008 through 2010. The purpose of the study was to determine the efficacy of operating the sluiceway between 1 December and 31 March to provide a relatively safe, nonturbine, surface outlet for downstream passage of adult steelhead that overwinter in the lower Columbia River (i.e., fallbacks) or for adult steelhead attempting to emigrate back to the marine environment after spawning (i.e., kelts). We applied a fixed-location hydroacoustic technique to estimate downstream passage rates at the sluiceway and turbines. The sluiceway was used by 91–99% of the adult steelhead during all sampling periods; the remaining 1–9% passed through the turbines. This implies that adult steelhead preferred the sluiceway for downstream passage at the dam. Our results indicate that keeping the sluiceway open between 1 December and 31 March may provide an optimal, nonturbine surface route for downstream passage of overwintering or postspawned adult steelhead at The Dalles Dam. Similar operations are relevant at hydroelectric dams with surface-flow outlets, such as sluiceways, for safe downstream passage of fish species of management concern.
Received July 19, 2012; accepted March 27, 2013
Impacts of Anchor Tag Loss on Walleye Management in the Winnebago System
Authors: Koenigs Ryan P. , Bruch Ronald M. , Kamke Kendall K. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Rates of tag loss should be estimated and accounted for when using mark–recapture surveys and angler tag returns to estimate fish population abundance and exploitation rates. Walleyes Sander vitreus sampled during April 2010 spawning assessments conducted in the Winnebago system, Wisconsin, were marked with anchor tags and upper caudal fin clips to estimate tag loss rates during three time intervals: 0–11 d posttagging, 0–90 d posttagging, and 1 year posttagging. Tag loss was negligible (&lt;0.5%) within the first 11 d but increased to 4.7% within the first 90 d and to 21.9% after 1 year. After we corrected for the tag loss occurring within the first 90 d, estimates of population abundance decreased 4.3% for females and 4.4% for males, while estimates of exploitation increased 4.9% for both sexes. Accounting for 21.9% annual tag loss led to more severe decreases in the estimates of population abundance (20.0% for females and 21.2% for males) and increases in the estimates of exploitation (28.0% for both sexes) than not accounting for any tag loss. Higher exploitation rates resulted in higher estimates of fishing mortality and lower estimates of natural mortality. When used in yield-per-recruit models, the estimated natural mortality rates derived from exploitation rates that accounted for tag loss resulted in higher yields through the implementation of larger minimum length limits to maximize yield. We recommend that managers evaluate the effectiveness of their tagging operations by estimating tag loss and assessing the potential impacts of quantified loss on management metrics. We also caution against the application of population models without an accurate estimate of tag loss and the associated impacts on estimates of population abundance and exploitation and, in turn, fishing and natural mortality rates.
Received May 22, 2013; accepted June 11, 2013
Predicting Paddlefish Roe Yields Using an Extension of the Beverton–Holt Equilibrium Yield-per-Recruit Model
Authors: Colvin Michael E. , Bettoli Phillip W. , Scholten George D. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Equilibrium yield models predict the total biomass removed from an exploited stock; however, traditional yield models must be modified to simulate roe yields because a linear relationship between age (or length) and mature ovary weight does not typically exist. We extended the traditional Beverton–Holt equilibrium yield model to predict roe yields of Paddlefish Polyodon spathula in Kentucky Lake, Tennessee–Kentucky, as a function of varying conditional fishing mortality rates (10–70%), conditional natural mortality rates (cm; 9% and 18%), and four minimum size limits ranging from 864 to 1,016 mm eye-to-fork length. These results were then compared to a biomass-based yield assessment. Analysis of roe yields indicated the potential for growth overfishing at lower exploitation rates and smaller minimum length limits than were suggested by the biomass-based assessment. Patterns of biomass and roe yields in relation to exploitation rates were similar regardless of the simulated value of cm, thus indicating that the results were insensitive to changes in cm. Our results also suggested that higher minimum length limits would increase roe yield and reduce the potential for growth overfishing and recruitment overfishing at the simulated cm values. Biomass-based equilibrium yield assessments are commonly used to assess the effects of harvest on other caviar-based fisheries; however, our analysis demonstrates that such assessments likely underestimate the probability and severity of growth overfishing when roe is targeted. Therefore, equilibrium roe yield-per-recruit models should also be considered to guide the management process for caviar-producing fish species.
Received December 13, 2012; accepted June 20, 2013