bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinación de los niveles de colesterol Ldl comparando el método precipitado vs la fórmula de friedewald en caninos
Authors: Osorio Orozco José Henry , Vinasco Rodríguez Jazmin 
Published: August 2015

El objetivo del presente estudio fue comparar el método de precipitación con el método de fórmula de Friedewald para la determinación de colesterol LDL en caninos. Fueron tomadas en estado de ayuno, muestras de sangre de 185 caninos adultos de diferente raza y sexo. Se determinaron los niveles de colesterol LDL mediante el método precipitado, posteriormente fueron determinados los niveles de colesterol LDL utilizando el método de Friedewald. Los resultados fueron analizados estadísticamente mediante ANOVA de una vía. El método precipitado reportó valores en mg/dl de promedio, mínimo, máximo, rango y desviación estándar de 52,40; 2,66; 132,67; 130,01 y 24,29 respectivamente y el método de Friedewald mostro valores (mg/dl) en el mismo orden de 65,19; 4,55; 184,20; 179,65 y 31,51 respectivamente. El valor de P en el test F fue menor a 0.05, indicando diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los dos métodos analizados con un nivel de confianza del 95,0%. En conclusión se recomienda utilizar el método precipitado para la determinación de los niveles de colesterol LDL en caninos.
Evaluación multicriterio de 44 introducciones de <i>Tithonia diversifolia</i> (hemsl.) Gray en Candelaria, Valle del Cauca
Authors: Holguín Castaño Vilma , Ortíz Grisalez Sanín , Velasco Navia Alexis , Mora Delgado Jairo 
Published: August 2015

<p>La producción de forrajes, como fuente principal de alimentación de bovinos, ha generado proteína de alta calidad en carne y leche para satisfacer las necesidades humanas. La elección de forrajes no sólo debe basarse en las virtudes agronómicas, sino también en su valor nutricional, palatabilidad y nivel de toxicidad para el ganado. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la respuesta productiva forrajera de 44 introducciones de <em>T. diversifolia</em>, provenientes de varias localidades del centro occidente de Colombia, establecidas en una colección en el Centro Experimental Universidad Nacional sede Palmira (CEUNP). Candelaria, Colombia. Coordenadas 2°06' N y 65°03' O, con temperatura de 26 °C y precipitación promedio anual de1532 mm. Se evaluaron indicadores morfoagronómicos y nutricionales de las 44 introducciones; luego estas se clasificaron mediante estadística multivariada y la posterior aplicación de índices integrales (Índice de Potencial Forrajero Ponderado e Índice de Rendimiento y Calidad Ponderado). Se seleccionaron las ocho introducciones más rendidoras y de mejor calidad nutricional; posteriormente solo cuatro fueron identificados como las más promisorias (17.9; 22.14; 13.5 y 1.2). Se concluye que el uso de índices integrales multicriterio facilita la selección de materiales rendidores, con base en diferentes criterios de adaptabilidad, productividad y calidad de las especies.</p>
Broad Search of Better Thermoelectric Oxides via First-Principles Computations
Authors: Hao Qing , Zhao Hongbo , Lu Na 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTThe advancement of computational tools for material property predictions enables broad search of novel materials for various energy-related applications. However, challenges still exist in accurately predicting the mean free paths (MFPs) of electrons and phonons in a high-throughput frame for thermoelectric property predictions, which largely hinders the computation-driven search for novel materials. In this work, this need is eliminated under the small-grain-size limit, in which these MFPs are restricted by the grain sizes within a bulk material. A new criterion for ZT evaluation is proposed for general nanograined bulk materials and is demonstrated with representative oxides.
Template-free and low temperature CVD synthesis of vertically aligned 1-D ZnO nanostructures for photovoltaic devices by precursor oxidation protection
Authors: Lim Taehoon , Martinez-Morales Alfredo A. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTZinc oxide (ZnO) is a crystalline material with diverse morphology, large bandgap and high visible light transparency. All of these characteristics make ZnO a suitable material for applications in optical devices such as photovoltaic cells and photodiodes. Regarding photovoltaic applications, it is necessary to grow ZnO on a transparent conducting oxide (TCO) substrate. In this work, vertically aligned 1-dimensional ZnO have been synthesized on a TCO substrate through chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Although ZnO is capable of being synthesized at lower temperatures through the use of Zn powder precursor, oxidation of precursor remains a significant limiting factor to control dimensional characteristics of the synthesized product.In our work we have developed a method by which ZnO is synthesized under lower temperatures through the prevention of precursor oxidation and control of Zn vapor fluid dynamics. Partial pressure of Zn vapor—a significant factor in the morphology and quality of product—is controlled and maintained during growth. The morphology and crystal structure of the synthesized ZnO is characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). We also demonstrate the fabrication of dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) with synthesized 1-dimensional ZnO, as a photoelectrode, and compare the photovoltaic characteristics of two devices fabricated under same conditions, except for the photoelectrode utilized.
GOx LbL Based Film Growth over Porous Alumina (PA) Followed by Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy
Authors: Ferro Letícia M. M. , Ferreira Marystela , Trivinho-Strixino Francisco 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTIn this study, the growth of LbL film of polyallylamine hydrochloride (PAH), polyvinyl sulfonic acid (PVS) and glucose oxidase (GOx) in porous anodic alumina substrate (PAA) was accompanied by total reflectance technique. The PAA substrate was synthesized with aluminum anodisation and sample morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Physical and Electrochemical Properties of SiOx/C Composites Prepared by a Combination of Spray Pyrolysis and High Energy Ball Milling
Authors: Molkenova Anara , Taniguchi Izumi 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTSpray pyrolysis has been widely used to prepare homogeneous and uniform ceramic powders with high purity. In this study, we are proposing ultrasonic spray pyrolysis followed by heat treatment to produce SiOx/C composite powders, where sucrose was used as a carbon source. Furthermore, high energy ball milling of the as-prepared powders in the presence of acetylene black was conducted to activate its electrochemical properties by reducing the particle size and improving the functionalization of the SiOxcomposite particles. SiOx/C nanocomposite finally obtained at a sucrous concentration of 0.1 mol L-1showed superior electrochemical properties, and the SiOx/C nanocomposite electrode delivered the first discharge and charge capacities of 1252 and 819 mAh g-1, respectively, with an initial columbic efficiency of 65% at a current density of 50 mAh g-1in the potential range from 0.01 to 3 V versus Li/Li+.
Scourfield, Jonathan, Sophie Gilliat-Ray, Asma Khan and Sameh Otri. 2013. 'Muslim Childhood: Religious Nurture in a European Context'. Oxford: Oxford University Press. xv + 239pp. ISBN 978 0 19 960031 1. Hbk. £55.
Authors: Wilson Tom 
Published: August 2015

Dessing, Nathal M., Nadia Jeldtoft, Jørgen S. Nielsen and Linda Woodhead, eds. 2013. Everyday Lived Islam in Europe. Farnham: Ashgate. xii+183pp. ISBN 978 1 4724 1753 4. Hbk. £60
Barker, Eileen, ed. 2013. 'Revisionism and Diversification in New Religious Movements'. Farnham: Ashgate. xiii + 271pp. ISBN 978 1 4094 6229 3. Hbk. £68.00. ISBN 978 1 4094 6230 9. Pbk. £19.99
Authors: Nita Maria 
Published: August 2015

Cherry, Stephen M., and Helen Rose Ebaugh, eds. 2014. Global Religious Movements across Borders: Sacred Service. Farnham: Ashgate. xiv + 220pp. ISBN 978 1 4094 5687 2. Hbk. £65. ISBN 978 1 4094 5688 9. Pbk. £19.99. Harvey, Sarah, and Suzanne Newcombe, eds. 2013. Prophecy in the New Millennium: When Prophecy Persists. Farnham: Ashgate. xiii + 295pp. ISBN 978 1 4094 4995 9. Hbk. £74.00. ISBN 978 1 4094 4996 6. Pbk. £26.00. Kirkham, David M., ed. 2013. State Responses to Minority Religions. Farnham: Ashgate. xx + 278pp. ISBN 978 1 4724 1646 9. Hbk. £65.00. ISBN 978 1 4094 6579 9. Pbk. £19.99. Miller, Timothy, ed. 2013. Spiritual and Visionary Communities: Out to Save the World. Farnham: Ashgate. x + 248pp. ISBN 978 1 4094 3902 8. Hbk. £68.00. ISBN 978 1 4094 3903 5. Pbk. £17.99.
Syriac writers and their works from the 1ˢᵗ through the 5ᵗʰ century of Christianity
Authors: Abdalla Michael 
Published: August 2015

The first centuries of Christianity are abundant with the names of clergymen and other people from outside of the church hierarchy whose writing recorded in the Syriac language is still attracting the interest of researchers in numerous centres of scholarship all over the world. There is a common consensus that in the course of centuries this body of work played a role of a link between the Mesopotamian-Hellenistic-Arabic culture and the western world.
The union between Maronitae and Rome (1182) as the context of relationships between the Franks and the Oriental Churches in the Crusader states in the 12ᵗʰ century
Authors: Górecki Wojciech 
Published: August 2015

The origin of the Crusader states in the territory of Asia caused an accumulation of new problems concerning co-existence among various groups of people. The groups included peoples from Europe and the Near East: the crusaders called Franks, Catholics and different groups of Oriental Christians, Muslims and Jews. This paper tries to explain how the crusaders and Maronitae could have adjusted to the agreement. The paper illustrates the situation of the Crusader states and gives some analysis of the relationships between the Franks and the Oriental Christians and, finally, it attempts to explain the problems of the union between Latin Christians and Maronitae.
Persian Bible translations in India in the early 19th century
Authors: Rzepka Marcin 
Published: August 2015

Taking into consideration the Persian Bible translation in the early 19th century in India some questions arise, including: where the Persian language was spoken, what the method of translation was and who the missionaries imagined to be the best receiver of such translation. While searching for the answer we depend mostly on the vast collection of missionary literature from the 19th century, historical accounts and reports of British and Foreign Bible Society and – what is the most important – the diary and letters of one of the translators – Henry Martyn.
Breast Cancer Disparities: A Multicenter Comparison of Tumor Diagnosis, Characteristics, and Surgical Treatment in China and the U.S.
Authors: Sivasubramaniam Priya G. , Zhang Bai-Lin , Zhang Qian , Smith Jennifer S. , Zhang Bin , Tang Zhong-Hua , Chen Guo-Ji , Xie Xiao-Ming , Xu Xiao-Zhou , Yang Hong-Jian , He Jian-Jun , Li Hui , Li Jia-Yuan , Fan Jin-Hu , Qiao You-Lin 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Background and Objective.
Incidence of and mortality rates for breast cancer continue to rise in the People's Republic of China. The purpose of this study was to analyze differences in characteristics of breast malignancies between China and the U.S.

Methods.
Data from 384,262 breast cancer patients registered in the U.S. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program from 2000 to 2010 were compared with 4,211 Chinese breast cancer patients registered in a Chinese database from 1999 to 2008. Outcomes included age, race, histology, tumor and node staging, laterality, surgical treatment method, and reconstruction. The Pearson chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used to compare rates.

Results.
Infiltrating ductal carcinoma was the most common type of malignancy in the U.S. and China. The mean number of positive lymph nodes was higher in China (2.59 vs. 1.31, p &lt; .001). Stage at diagnosis was higher in China (stage IIA vs. I, p &lt; .001). Mean size of tumor at diagnosis was higher in China (32.63 vs. 21.57 mm). Mean age at diagnosis was lower in China (48.28 vs. 61.29 years, p &lt; .001). Moreover, 2.0% of U.S. women underwent radical mastectomy compared with 12.5% in China, and 0.02% in China underwent reconstructive surgery.

Conclusion.
Chinese women were diagnosed at younger ages with higher stage and larger tumors and underwent more aggressive surgical treatment. Prospective trials should be conducted to address screening, surgical, and tumor discrepancies between China and the U.S.

Implications for Practice:
Breast cancer patients in China are diagnosed at later stages than those in America, which might contribute to different clinical management and lower 5-year survival rate. This phenomenon suggests that an earlier detection and treatment program should be widely implemented in China. By comparing the characteristics of Chinese and Chinese-American patients, we found significant differences in tumor size, lymph nodes metastasis, and age at diagnosis. These consequences indicated that patients with similar genetic backgrounds may have different prognoses due to the influence of environment and social economic determinates.
Evaluation of an Initiative to Increase Exclusive Breastfeeding Among Rural Hispanic Women
Authors: Pitcock Naomi , Drake Emily , Kulbok Pamela A. , Pineda Kimberly , Gibson Mary , Yoder Laura 
Published: August 2015

Background: There is a growing Hispanic population in the U.S. healthcare providers, and lactation consultants are challenged to design targeted, culturally competent programs to support immigrant populations.Objective: To evaluate a prenatal education
program using intercultural communication strategies designed to increase the number of Hispanic women who choose to exclusively breastfeed their newbornsMethods: A 2-group quasi-experimental design was used to test the educational intervention. The sample consisted of 71
Hispanic women who were pregnant, low income, and uninsured. Participation in the class was voluntary and used a convenience sample. Data regarding intention to breastfeed and breastfeeding during hospitalization was gathered through chart review.Results: Reaching statistical
significance, 41% of the mothers who attended the educational intervention achieved exclusive breastfeeding at discharge from the hospital, compared to only 3.1% of the usual care group.Conclusions: The outcomes of this program evaluation can add to the body of knowledge
on successful breastfeeding interventions in the Hispanic population and may provide a model for others who are designing culturally competent interventions in their communities.
Mechanistic Models for Predicting Sand Production: A Case Study of Niger Delta Wells
Authors: Udebhulu Dickson O. , Ogbe David O. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Niger Delta Province is predominantly a friable, unconsolidated sandstone terrain which is susceptible to sand production while developing hydrocarbon reserves in such terrain. In this study, a simple and easy-to-use mechanistic model for predicting sand production rate (SPR) in Niger-Delta wells was developed by coupling the static sanding criteria and the dynamic requirement for fluidization of the produced sand. A generic mechanistic model that incorporates the concept of dimensionless quantities associated with sanding was developed; the quantities considered include the loading factor, Reynolds Number, water cut and gas-liquid ratio, GLR. The output from the proposed model is a dimensionless sand production rate (SPR) correlation index. Results indicated that every reservoir has a unique SPR correlation index which represents its propensity to produce sand or its sanding identity.
The developed model was validated by comparing its predictions with field data and the results showed an acceptable maximum deviation of less than 6% in the wells of an onshore asset investigated in the Niger Delta. Compared to existing models, the proposed model predicts better results especially when GLR is significantly high. The applications of this study include reservoir management, completion design, perforation design, sand monitoring strategy, design of surface facilities and pipelines, and analysis of field development plans and economics.
Determination of Pressure Drop in a Natural Folwing Gas Well using Nodal Analysis
Authors: Dala J. A. , Agbaka O. O. , Olafuyi O. A. , Adewole E. S. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
If a well loses it producing potential before depletion, then the pressure analysis of the well system should be carried out to ascertain the cause. Nodal analysis, is one of the analysis methods which is aimed at analysing pressure distributions across different nodes. This analysis will serve as a guide to revamping the well. This paper utilizes nodal analysis simulation approach to study the cause of pressure drop in a well system.
Inflow performance relation (IPR) and vertical lift performance (VLP) were used to determine the pressure distribution in the well attainable at various flow rates and wellbore condition.
Results show that nodal analysis method can be used to obtain prevailing well bottom hole pressures at various flow rate, the flow rates responsible for a unit pressure drop in a well system, the pressure loss across perforation and tubing using IPR and VLP of the well system respectively. Well completion strategies are adequately advisable from application of nodal analysis.
Applying Gyro While Drilling Technology to Enhance Tophole Drilling: Niger Delta Experience
Authors: Okwu Alaekwe Ewelike , Hughes Ex-Baker 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Drilling topholes with MWD tools that use magnetometers as their directional sensor poses challenges when wells are closely spaced due to magnetic interference from the casing of offset wells. Failure to attain reliable directional data under these conditions invalidates collision avoidance rules, increasing risk of collision with offset wells and well position uncertainty.
As a result, gyroscopic directional measurements are used in place of magnetic measurements of traditional MWD tools until the well is far enough away to be sufficiently free of magnetic interference. Gyro sensors are traditionally deployed in one of two ways: either go-devil or on wireline. In go-devil the gyro sensor is dropped into the drillstring to seat on a universal bottom-hole orienting sub (UBHO) in the BHA while in wireline the gyro is run on wireline to seat on a UBHO in the BHA. The drop gyro is usually a multi-shot gyro while the wireline gyro is usually a single shot gyro.
These methods are; time consuming, increase the risk of stuck pipe incident, higher directional sensor to bit offset, require more personnel and results in more cost. Gyro-while-drilling (GWD) technology significantly reduces these disadvantages. In GWD the gyro sensor is deployed as a part of the BHA. This eliminates the time spent in running WLSSG (Wireline Single Shot Gyro) or waiting for the drop gyro, the extra personnel required and the risk of stuck pipe. It may also eliminate the need for a drop gyro for surveying the conductor casing and brings the directional sensor closer to the bit, improving directional drilling performance and reducing collision risk.
The paper will discuss the advantages offered by GWD technology over the drop or wireline gyro by making a detailed comparison of two top holes; one drilled using the WLSSG and the other with GWD tool. These wells are located in an onshore field in the Niger Delta. Surrounding these wells are two other wells each with a slot spacing of about 19.6ft. These wells produce a gas reservoir at about 10,000ft. The paper will also make a comparison of surveys taken by GWD and MWD in the same wellbore and how they fit with the error models used to determine position uncertainty in well planning. It also would highlight the combination of GWD and MWD in a single BHA so that a trip is not required to switch over to MWD surveys and highlight possible future improvements to the GWD system.
Solution-By-Elimination (SBE) Approach to Root-Cause-Analysis in Production Operations: SPDC Field Case Study.
Authors: Sukubo Ibianga , Nwabueze Vincent , Okoro Chidi , Chiejina Leo 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Engineering problems may be easy to solve when they are properly understood and straight forward. Often times, most oil and gas industry problems pose multifaceted reasoning challenges to the engineer and an array of possible answers only make the solution complex. Many projects have been stalled due to complexities they pose and others have suffered unending futile efforts trying to address the cause of problem. Sometimes there may appear to be several very likely causes deducible from analyses. However, there can only be one remote cause and the identification of that remote cause is the end result of the Solution-By-Elimination (SBE) approach; the solution consequently will be fit-for-purpose addressing the main cause of problem and adding value to SPDC business.
The SBE is a systematic and sequential end-to-end process that considers careful observation of evidence, identification and enlistment of all possible/probable causes of a problem, analysing and narrowing down to the root cause. It is a stop-gap approach in successfully solving complex oil and gas problems.
This paper presents the experiences gathered from solving observed production problems in selected SPDC fields, to provide basic guidance to identifying the root-cause of complex oil and gas industry problems using the Solution-By-Elimination (SBE) Approach. Illustrations from selected case studies in some SPDC fields: Case 1 is a complicated case of severe (over 100ft of sand) sand build-up in a dump-flood type injection well and the result of analysis showed that the sand was from the target (injected) zone caused by a late time re-perforation event whereas Case 2 is a case of repeated flowline approach sectional failure and the root-cause of the failure was adjudged to be Cavitation Erosion.
Preliminary Investigation of Temperature and Pressure Measurement System for Down-hole Monitoring of Oil Wells Using FBG/EFPI Sensing Technique
Authors: Udoh S. , Njuguna J. , Prabhu R. , Chirappuram B. , Radhakrishnan P. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
To overcome the limitations of conventional electronic sensors currently used for downhole monitoring of oil and gas wells, including drastic reduction in reliability, long term instability and susceptibility to electromagnetic interference, a multiplexed fibre Bragg grating (FBG)/extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometer (EFPI) sensor for simultaneous measurement of temperature and pressure is reported. Analysis of the spectral characterization is presented and a de-multiplexing mathematical model for the multiplexed sensor is proposed. This configuration is used to eliminate the issue of temperature-pressure cross-sensitivity and effectively improve the resolution of the sensor system. Experimental results show good linearity between the Bragg wavelength shift and the physical parameters (temperature and pressure), high sensitivity and high accuracy.