bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geochemistry of Devonian–Carboniferous clastic sediments of the Tsetserleg terrane, Hangay Basin, Central Mongolia: Provenance, source weathering, and tectonic setting
Authors: Purevjav Narantuya , Roser Barry 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe Devonian–Carboniferous Tsetserleg terrane of Mongolia forms part of the complex Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). The Tsetserleg terrane consists mainly of clastic sediments, and is situated in the southern Hangay–Hentey Basin. Internally the terrane is divided into the Erdenetsogt (Middle Devonian), Tsetserleg (Middle‐Upper Devonian) and Jargalant (Lower Carboniferous) Formations. Provenance and tectonic setting of the Hangay–Hentey Basin remains controversial, with proposals ranging from passive margin through to island‐arc. A suite of 94 Tsetserleg sandstones and mudrocks was collected with the aim of constraining provenance, source weathering, and depositional setting, using established petrographic and whole‐rock geochemical parameters. Petrographically the sandstones are immature, with average compositions of Q22F14L64, Q14F17L69, and Q18F12L70 in the Erdenetsogt, Tsetserleg, and Jargalant Formations, respectively. Lv/L ratios range from 0.81 to 1.00 (average 0.95), and P/F from 0.68 to 0.93 (average 0.83). Framework compositions indicate deposition in an undissected or transitional arc. Geochemically, the sandstones are classified as greywackes. Geochemical contrasts between sandstone and mudrock averages in each formation are small, with lithotype means for SiO2 ranging only from 65.54 to 68.62 wt.%. These features and weak trends on variation diagrams reflect the immaturity of the sediments. Comparison of elemental abundances with average upper continental crust, major element discriminant scores, and immobile element ratios indicate a uniform average source composition between dacite and rhyolite. The maximum value for the Chemical Index of Alteration in the Erdenetsogt Formation is about 78 after correction for K‐metasomatism, indicating moderate source weathering. Lower maximum values (61 and 63, respectively) in the Tsetserleg and Jargalant Formations indicate they were derived from a virtually unweathered and tectonically active source. Tectonic setting discrimination parameters indicate a continental island‐arc environment, similar to several other CAOB suites of similar age. This arc source may have been built on a continental fragment situated within the Mongol–Okhotsk Ocean during Middle Devonian‐Lower Carboniferous time.
Qualitative study of humanization‐based nursing education focused on role modeling by instructors
Authors: Nouri Jamileh Mokhtari , Ebadi Abbas , Alhani Fatemeh , Rejeh Nahid , Ahmadizadeh Mohammad Javad 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis study explored the perspectives and experiences of Iranian nursing students and nursing instructors about role modeling. Using a purposeful sampling strategy, 22 nursing students and seven nursing instructors were recruited from five nursing schools in Tehran. Three focus‐group discussions and two individual semi‐structured interviews with nursing students, and seven semi‐structured interviews with nursing instructors, were conducted to gather data. A qualitative content analysis approach was utilized and three main themes emerged during data analysis: “attempt to promote emotional development,”“attempt to promote spiritual development,” and “attempt to promote intellectual development.” It was concluded that understanding the factors influencing role modeling will be helpful for developing strategies to integrate role modeling into nursing education so as to promote the quality of nursing education in Iran.
Occupancy of spoil dumps by the Mountain Pygmy‐possum Burramys parvus in Kosciuszko National Park
Authors: Schulz Martin , Wilks Gabriel , Broome Linda 
Published: September 2012

Summary  The Mountain Pygmy‐possum Burramys parvus has been listed as an endangered species across its range in the alpine and subalpine areas of New South Wales and Victoria. This study reports on the occurrence of the species in an artificial habitat, spoil dumps that were created in the 1950s as a result of the construction of underground tunnels associated with the Snowy Hydro‐electric Scheme. Thirty‐four B. parvus were captured in 1065 trapnights on spoil dumps in Happy Jacks Creek valley, in northern Kosciuszko National Park in October and November 2011. In January 2012, 22 individuals were captured in 360 trapnights on a spoil dump at Guthega Adit Camp in southern Kosciuszko National Park. Seven radio‐collared individuals tracked in Happy Jacks Creek valley resulted in the location of 5 day shelters in spoil dump habitat, including individuals that were originally trapped in nearby natural habitat. This study indicates that there may be opportunity to create further artificial habitat on sites not currently used by this highly restricted species.
End‐stage renal disease and dialysis in HIV‐positive patients: observations from a long‐term cohort study with a follow‐up of 22 years
Authors: Bickel M , Marben W , Betz C , Khaykin P , Stephan C , Gute P , Haberl A , Knecht G , Wolf T , Brodt HR , Geiger H , Herrmann E , Jung O 
Published: September 2012

ObjectivesRenal disease is a common and serious complication in HIV‐infected patients.MethodsA retrospective cohort analysis for the period 1989–2010 was carried out to determine the prevalence, incidence and risk factors for end‐stage renal disease (ESRD). ESRD was defined as initiation of renal replacement therapy. Three time periods were defined: 1989–1996 [pre‐highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)], 1997–2003 (early HAART) and 2004–2010 (late HAART).ResultsData for 9198 patients [78.2% male; 88.9% Caucasian; cumulative observation time 68 084 patient‐years (PY)] were analysed. ESRD was newly diagnosed in 35 patients (0.38%). Risk factors for ESRD were Black ethnicity [relative risk (RR) 5.1; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.3–10.3; P < 0.0001], injecting drug use (IDU) (RR 2.3; 95% CI 1.1–4.6; P = 0.02) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection (RR 2.2; 95% CI 1.1–4.2; P = 0.03). The incidence of ESRD decreased in Black patients over the three time periods [from 788.8 to 130.5 and 164.1 per 100 000 PY of follow‐up (PYFU), respectively], but increased in Caucasian patients (from 29.9 to 41.0 and 43.4 per 100 000 PYFU, respectively). The prevalence of ESRD increased over time and reached 1.9 per 1000 patients in 2010. Mortality for patients with ESRD decreased nonsignificantly from period 1 to 2 (RR 0.72; P = 0.52), but significantly from period 1 to 3 (RR 0.24; P = 0.006), whereas for patients without ESRD mortality decreased significantly for all comparisons. ESRD was associated with a high overall mortality (RR 9.9; 95% CI 6.3–14.5; P < 0.0001).ConclusionAs a result of longer survival, the prevalence of ESRD is increasing but remains associated with a high mortality. The incidence of ESRD declined in Black but not in Caucasian patients. IDU and HCV were identified as additional risk factors for the development of ESRD.
Leadership Values, Trust and Negative Capability: Managing the Uncertainties of Future English Higher Education
Authors: Jameson Jill 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe complex leadership attribute of ‘negative capability’ in managing uncertainty and engendering trust may be amongst the qualities enabling institutions to cope with multiple recent government policy challenges affecting English higher education, including significant increases in student fees. Research findings are reported on changes in leadership values, trust and organisational cultures in higher education during the current ‘age of austerity’. Data from university experts, managers and academics in semi‐structured interviews were informed by questionnaires (n = 16), online surveys (n = 121) and a focus group (n = 6). Findings indicated that values‐based leadership characterised by skilful ‘negative capability’ is now needed in English higher education. ‘Negative capability’ is defined as the ability to resist the ‘false necessity’ of deterministic solutions in building staff trust to cope proactively with ambiguity and change. This capability is needed for academic leaders to maintain their role in shaping the enduring purposes of higher education during a recession, both in England and in the wider international environment.
Public‐Private Substitution in Higher Education: Has Cost‐Sharing Gone Too Far?
Authors: Carpentier Vincent 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis paper looks at the current challenge facing higher education by exploring the historical relationship between higher education funding and long economic cycles in the UK, USA and France. It examines the consequence of the transformation of public‐private income in higher education that followed the 1970s downturn, questioning whether the rise of private resources acted as additional or substitutive resources for public spending. The paper suggests that there is a risk that the cost‐sharing strategy could be turned into a policy of public‐private substitution of funding and provision, leading to a transfer rather than an increase of resources with strong implications on quality and equity. However, the Kondratiev cycle suggests an alternative route by designating the impact of the 1970s economic downturn on education as unique. Previous economic crises were contemporary of accelerations of public funding towards education which in fact contributed to economic recovery. The current crisis could represent an opportunity to revive counter‐cyclical policy by looking not only at efficient public spending but also at developing fairer taxation. A revival of public funding complemented by an additional rather than substitutive diversification of income would rebalance the public‐private structure of funding and drive a sustainable higher education system capable of playing a key part in these counter‐cyclical transformations.
‘Nothing gets done and no one knows why’: PCS and workplace control of Lean in HM Revenue and Customs
Authors: Carter Bob , Danford Andy , Howcroft Debra , Richardson Helen , Smith Andrew , Taylor Phil 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTThis article examines the willingness and capacity of public sector unions to mobilise action against changes in the labour process in order to maintain some measure of control at the point of production. Taking as an instance an extended dispute in Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs over the introduction and impact of Lean processes, it marshals evidence gathered from documentary sources, branch representatives and national lay full‐time officers to engage with the notion of a trade union bureaucracy. In taking a union with a left‐wing leadership and a section with 80 per cent membership with an expressed willingness to escalate industrial action, the article tests Hyman's 1979 contention that, rather than a concentration on a bureaucratic caste, a much better explanation for conservatism centres on the nature of social relations within the union that encompass a wider layer of representatives.
A review of the effects of moisturizers on the appearance of scars and striae
Authors: Rawlings A. V. , Bielfeldt S. , Lombard K. J. 
Published: September 2012

SynopsisScars are well known to have a stratum corneum (SC) that is malfunctional. Increases in transepidermal water loss and decreases in SC capacitance and conductance have been reported. Occlusion therapy is a well‐known route to improving the signs and symptoms of scarring. Until recently that has been assumed to be totally pressure related. However, studies have demonstrated that the direct effects of hydration on keratinocytes and fibroblasts contribute to the reduction in hypertrophic scarring. Now it is well known that occlusion can regulate epidermal cytokine and growth factor production; changes in profibrotic and anti‐fibrotic factors have been established. As a result, it is to be expected that moisturizers may improve the signs and symptoms of scars. As striae have been suggested to be anatomically similar to scars and as it is well established that paracrine signalling occurs in skin, it is expected that striae have similar SC issues. While one cannot exclude the effects of some of the ingredients used in the products, several studies are reported in this review that demonstrates that moisturization is a key component to reducing the clinical signs and symptoms of scars and striae. This is a good example of how knowledge of corneobiology leads to corneotherapies for these skin condition problems. The review is being written in memory of Professor Johann Wiechers who, before he died tragically in November 2011, performed two of the reported studies together with colleagues.
A biomechanical model of anther opening reveals the roles of dehydration and secondary thickening
Authors: Nelson M. R. , Band L. R. , Dyson R. J. , Lessinnes T. , Wells D. M. , Yang C. , Everitt N. M. , Jensen O. E. , Wilson Z. A. 
Published: September 2012

Summary

Understanding the processes that underlie pollen release is a prime target for controlling fertility to enable selective breeding and the efficient production of hybrid crops. Pollen release requires anther opening, which involves changes in the biomechanical properties of the anther wall. In this research, we develop and use a mathematical model to understand how these biomechanical processes lead to anther opening.

Our mathematical model describing the biomechanics of anther opening incorporates the bilayer structure of the mature anther wall, which comprises the outer epidermal cell layer, whose turgor pressure is related to its hydration, and the endothecial layer, whose walls contain helical secondary thickening, which resists stretching and bending. The model describes how epidermal dehydration, in association with the thickened endothecial layer, creates forces within the anther wall causing it to bend outwards, resulting in anther opening and pollen release.

The model demonstrates that epidermal dehydration can drive anther opening, and suggests why endothecial secondary thickening is essential for this process (explaining the phenotypes presented in the myb26 and nst1nst2 mutants).

The research hypothesizes and demonstrates a biomechanical mechanism for anther opening, which appears to be conserved in many other biological situations where tissue movement occurs.
Food Insecurity, Processes of Care, and Self‐Reported Medication Underuse in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Results from the California Health Interview Survey
Authors: Billimek John , Sorkin Dara H. 
Published: September 2012

ObjectiveTo assess the independent association of food insecurity with processes of care and delays in filling prescriptions.Data Source2007 California Health Interview Survey.Study DesignAssociations of food insecurity with processes of care and delays in filling prescriptions were examined using multivariable logistic regression analyses adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, barriers to accessing care, and health status.Data ExtractionData were analyzed from adults currently receiving treatment for type 2 diabetes and who had seen a doctor in the prior 12 months (N = 3,401).Principal FindingsFor diabetes patients currently receiving medical care, food insecurity was not associated with lower rates of performance of recommended processes of care, but it was associated with delays in filling prescriptions (aOR = 2.15, 95 percent CI 1.25, 3.71).ConclusionsFood insecurity may increase delays in filling prescriptions in daily life, even though the performance of recommended processes of care in the clinic is not diminished.
California's Minimum Nurse Staffing Legislation: Results from a Natural Experiment
Authors: Mark Barbara A. , Harless David W. , Spetz Joanne , Reiter Kristin L. , Pink George H. 
Published: September 2012

ObjectiveTo determine whether, following implementation of California's minimum nurse staffing legislation, changes in acuity‐adjusted nurse staffing and quality of care in California hospitals outpaced similar changes in hospitals in comparison states without such regulations.Data Sources/Study SettingData from the American Hospital Association Annual Survey of Hospitals, the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development, the Hospital Cost Report Information System, and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's Health Care Cost and Utilization Project's State Inpatient Databases from 2000 to 2006.Study DesignWe grouped hospitals into quartiles based on their preregulation staffing levels and used a difference‐in‐difference approach to compare changes in staffing and in quality of care in California hospitals to changes over the same time period in hospitals in 12 comparison states without minimum staffing legislation.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsWe merged data from the above data sources to obtain measures of nurse staffing and quality of care. We used Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's Patient Safety Indicators to measure quality.Principal FindingsWith few exceptions, California hospitals increased nurse staffing levels over time significantly more than did comparison state hospitals. Failure to rescue decreased significantly more in some California hospitals, and infections due to medical care increased significantly more in some California hospitals than in comparison state hospitals. There were no statistically significant changes in either respiratory failure or postoperative sepsis.ConclusionsFollowing implementation of California's minimum nurse staffing legislation, nurse staffing in California increased significantly more than it did in comparison states' hospitals, but the extent of the increases depended upon preregulation staffing levels; there were mixed effects on quality.
Do Manualized Psychosocial Interventions Help Reduce Relapse among Alcohol‐Dependent Adults Treated with Naltrexone or Placebo? A Meta‐analysis
Authors: Agosti Vito , Nunes Edward V , O'Shea Donna 
Published: September 2012

Background: During the past decade, several novel medication treatments and psychosocial interventions have been tested. Overall, their impact on reducing alcohol use and preventing relapse has been modest. These outcomes have spurred researchers to investigate whether the addition of manualized psychosocial therapies with demonstrated efficacy to pharmacotherpy would have a synergistic effect.Objectives: We conducted a meta‐analysis to test the hypothesis that the addition of manualized psychosocial therapies would reduce the frequency of relapse.Results: This review analyzed data from six studies. Among studies that used random assignment to manually guided psychosocial interventions, the rates of relapse between the naltrexone plus a psychosocial intervention and naltrexone without a psychosocial intervention were very similar. Among patients allocated to placebo, similar rates of relapse were also found between Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and non‐CBT. In studies which used manualized psychotherapies as a platform, relapse rates were similar between naltrexone and placebo. In contrast, studies using Treatment As Usual psychotherapy as a platform demonstrated lower rates of relapse in the naltrexone group, compared to placebo group.Conclusions: We conclude that CBT does not appear to offer benefits beyond those derived from study medications.Scientific Significance: The benefit of the addition of CBT to medication in preventing relapse may be limited. (Am J Addict 2012;21:501–507)
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and One‐Year Outcome in Methadone Maintenance Treatment
Authors: Himelhoch Seth , Weber Elyssa , Medoff Deborah , Charlotte Melanie , Clayton Sara , Wilson Camille , Ware Racquel , Benford Jewell 
Published: September 2012

Background: Although opiate use may be associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), it is not clear whether PTSD is associated with retention in methadone maintenance.Objectives: To evaluate among those receiving methadone maintenance at an urban methadone maintenance clinic the frequency of life‐time traumatic experiences, the predictors and prevalence of current PTSD, and whether PTSD affects retention at 1 year.Methods: Eighty‐nine people participated in the study. The Post Traumatic Diagnostic Scale was used to determine the prevalence of PTSD. The Life Stressor Checklist Revised was used to evaluate trauma history. Logistic regression analyses examined associations between demographic characteristics, substance use, trauma‐related variables, and PTSD. Similar logistic regression analyses were used to examine retention in methadone maintenance at 1 year.Results: The mean number of reported lifetime stressful events was 8.0 (SD = 3.7). Twenty‐seven percent were diagnosed with PTSD. Nearly 92% of those with PTSD had co‐occurring depressive symptoms. Female gender (adjusted odds ratio [AOR][95% CI]; 3.89 [1.07–14.01]), number of traumatic events (AOR [95% CI]; 1.34 [1.13–1.61]), and less education (AOR [95% CI]; 4.13 [1.14–14.98]) were significantly associated with PTSD. Those with a toxicology positive screen were 80% less likely to remaine in methadone maintenance at 1 year (OR [95% CI]; 0.20 [0.07–0.52]). PTSD diagnosis was not significantly associated with treatment retention at 1 year (OR [95% CI]; 0.61 [0.23–1.64]).Conclusions and Scientific Significance: Future studies are needed to determine if treatment of PTSD that is integrated into methadone maintenance programs may impact continued substance abuse use and thereby improve retention in care. (Am J Addict 2012;21:524–530)
Immune Responses Against Helicobacter pylori in Gastric Cancer Patients and in Risk Groups for Gastric Cancer
Authors: Adamsson Jenni , Lundin Samuel B. , Hansson Lars‐Erik , Sjövall Henrik , Svennerholm Ann‐Mari 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundIt has previously been reported that weak serum IgG but elevated IgA antibody responses against H. pylori may be associated with risk of gastric cancer (GC) development. To search for potential immunologic markers for GC, we analyzed antibody responses against H. pylori in risk groups of cancer development.Material and MethodsSera and stomach biopsies collected from H. pylori‐infected GC patients as well as from patients with gastric ulcer (GU), atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia (IM) and duodenal ulcer and from H. pylori‐infected control subjects without atrophy or IM, and in addition from H. pylori‐negative subjects were analyzed for IgG and IgA antibodies against three different H. pylori antigen preparations, that is, membrane protein (MP), urease, and CagA.ResultsWe observed an increased serum IgA/IgG titer ratio against H. pylori anti‐MP in GC and GU patients, and against CagA in Hp‐infected GC patients and risk groups. Female patients with GC had a higher serum anti‐MP IgA/IgG titer ratio and a higher proportion of poorly differentiated cancer compared with male patients. As earlier observed, the non‐tumorous mucosa of H. pylori‐infected GC patients contained considerably lower levels of total IgA and H. pylori‐specific IgA compared with H. pylori‐infected controls. Similarly, we observed decreased specific mucosal anti‐MP IgA response in patients with IM.ConclusionWe observed several differences in local and systemic immunologic responses against H. pylori in H. pylori‐infected GC patients and putative GC risk group patients compared with H. pylori‐infected controls. These findings may be of importance in efforts to identify risk groups of GC or early stages of GC.