bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INOVASI PEMBUATAN BANDREK INSTAN DENGAN MEMANFAATKAN POTENSI TANAMAN HERBAL DI DESA DALU SEPULUH A KECAMATAN TANJUNG MORAWA
Authors: Putri Umi Muti'ah , Frasiska Rindi Ayu , Utama Widya , Fatimah Fatimah , Lubis Azwani 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTIndonesia is a tropical country, this makes Indonesia rich in various plant species, including herbal plants such as lemongrass. Lemongrass with the Latin name Cymbopogon citratus thrives both in the highlands and lowlands. Lemongrass plants can be used in cooking spices, a mixture of essential oils and herbal drinks. There are still many people who use citronella conservatively, even though the use of lemongrass in a more modern way can provide more benefits and be able to reach a wider consumption market. Therefore, lemongrass processing innovation is needed in order to have high selling power, such as instant bandrek in powder form. This article aims to describe the manufacture of instant bandrek using lemongrass as the main herbal plant in Dalu Ten A Village, Tanjung Morawa. Keywords: Herbal Plants, Lemongrass, Instant Bandrek ABSTRAKIndonesia termasuk negara beriklim tropis, hal ini menjadikan Indonesia kaya akan aneka spesies tanaman tidak terkecuali tanaman herbal alam seperti serai. Serai dengan nama latin Cymbopogon citratus ini tumbuh subur baik pada dataran tinggi maupun rendah. Tanaman serai dapat digunakan dalam bumbu masakan, campuran essential oil maupun minuman herbal. Masih banyak masyarakat yang memanfaatkan serai wangi secara konservatif, padahal pemanfaatan serai secara lebih modern dapat memberi keuntungan lebih dan mampu menjangkau pasar konsumsi secara luas. Karena itu dibutuhkan inovasi pengolahan serai agar memiliki daya jual tinggi yaitu seperti bandrek instan dalam bentuk bubuk. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengemukakan pembuatan bandrek instan dengan memanfaatkan serai sebagai tanaman herbal utama di Desa Dalu Sepuluh A Tanjung Morawa. Kata Kunci : Tanaman Herbal, Serai, Bandrek Instan
strategi pembinaan tim olshraga sekolah untun mencapai prestasi yang baik dalam kompetisi
Authors: Silalahi Arjuna Memori , Pardosi Ibra Glen Presly , Rajagukguk Yonaxel Jusak 
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini membahas strategi pembinaan tim olahraga sekolah di SMP Trisakti 2 Medan dengan fokus pada integrasi olahraga dalam kurikulum pendidikan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui metode deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini adalah observasi wawancara. Analisis data dilakukan secara kualitatif dengan tahapan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Diharapkan dengan pendekatan yang terstruktur dan komprehensif, tim olahraga sekolah dapat mencapai prestasi yang lebih baik dan memberikan dampak positif bagi perkembangan fisik dan mental para siswa. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi penting dalam pengembangan kebijakan pendidikan dan program sekolah serta memberikan wawasan praktis bagi pendidik, administrator sekolah, dan pembuat kebijakan dalam meningkatkan motivasi siswa dalam pendidikan jasmani. Analisis menunjukkan bahwa tantangan dalam integrasi olahraga dalam kurikulum lain meliputi kurangnya pemahaman guru, keterbatasan sumber daya, dan resistensi dari orang tua. Solusinya meliputi pelatihan guru, peningkatan fasilitas olahraga, dan kampanye kesadaran kepada orang tua, yang diharapkan dapat meningkatkan penerimaan dan efektivitas program.
THE SPEECH DEVELOPMENT OF THE NSEC LERNERS THPOUGH THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Galstyan Gamlet 
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this article is to develop the oral speech of pupils NSEC through information technologies, to elaborate tools that will help develop the speech of pupils with such characteristics, to reveal the importance of electronic means in the educational process of secondary school.
In the course of the study, we came to the conclusion that information technologies help to develop the speech of pupils NSEC, which is based on the significant role of teacher-student cooperation.
All this encourages pupils NSEC:
а. To communicate with friends through movements «gestures» and extra-linguistic means, to develop oral speech,

To share information with friends and teacher.
The poetic world of Arshak Chopanyan
Authors: Seyrayan Lilit 
Published: July 2024

The poetics of the great figure of Armenian culture, cultural critic, literary critic, publisher, editor, national public figure, poet, writer, playwright, translator, propagandist of Armenian culture in the West A. Chopanyan undoubtedly bears the stamp of ideology and poetics of symbolism, in particular, French and Russian symbolism, but the subtle and deep structure of his unique imaginative thinking is based on the tradition of national poetry, also due to his temperament.
In the process of researching the poetic world of Arshak Chopanyan, taking into account the available valuable meta-text, structural-semiotic, psychological, comparative-historical methods, principles of historical and cultural research, interdisciplinary approaches were combined. The main themes, motifs and symbols of Chopanyan's poetic world were highlighted and emphasized, among which the national-patriotic theme, the theme of life and death, the motif of silence, the aesthetics of white, olfactory motifs, the relationship of the moment and eternity, fairy tales and boredom of life, dreams and reality, symbols butterfly, star, shooting star, lily, sea, parallels sea-life, sea-woman, woman-life and woman-death. These symbols form a unique sign system. By studying the semantic nuances and interactions of these symbols, analyzing the historical and cultural context, comparative historical research, and some interdisciplinary observations, the overall picture of Chopanyan's poetic world was revealed.
A number of Chopanyan's poems about love, about the cosmic thought, in particular, a poem with the refrain "Hate, but don't forget me", revealing one of the layers of the psychology of love, can be presented to the court of world poetry.
Short and long poems, poems in prose, white, blue or,, gloomy,, sonnets, rondos, geghons and taghs with personal, national and universal significance are ultimately aimed at revealing the mystery of existence.
The Pine Wood Nematode as a Threat to Conifer Forests in Russia
Authors: Кулинич А. , Козырева И. , Арбузова Н. 
Published: July 2024

Представлен краткий обзор по биологии, вредоносности, мерам борьбы и возможным путям заноса сосновой стволовой нематоды Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, относящейся к числу наиболее вредоносных патогенных организмов для хвойных насаждений. В случае заноса и распространения сосновой стволовой нематоды на территории России прямой и косвенный ежегодный ущерб может составить от 47 до 112 млрд руб.
The following article is a short review of biology, harmfulness, control measures and possible pathways of the pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, one of the most harmful pathogens of conifer forests. The species is included to the list of quarantine pests in many countries, including the Russian Federation. The pathogen has been introduced from the North America to Asia and is currently widespread in Japan, China, and South Korea. In 1999 the nematode was detected in Portugal having been introduced by means of wood packaging material from China. The life cycle of the species is closely connected to the sawyers of Monochamus spp., native vector of conifer forests, who transmit the nematodes from infected to healthy trees. When a tree is infected by nematodes, transmitted by a vector, the tree dies back eventually by the end of summer in a favorable environment. The PRA showed that the territory of the Russian Federation is favorable for the adaptation of the pine wood nematode. In case of pest introduction and spread in the Russian Federation, the estimated annual damage may amount from 47 to 112 billion rubles.
Species Composition of Trees in the Green Areas of Cheboksary
Authors: Самохвалов В. , Рысин Л. 
Published: July 2024

При обследовании зеленых насаждений в Чебоксарах на основе функционального и экономического районирования установлено, что существующий ассортимент деревьев во всех районах характеризуется низким видовым разнообразием. В посадках на территории зеленых зон преобладают местные виды, доля хвойных и декоративных интродуцированных видов древесных растений очень мала. Показана необходимость более активного внедрения в практику городского зеленого строительства научно обоснованных рекомендаций по расширению и улучшению ассортимента древесных пород.
The capital of the Chuvash Republic, the city of Cheboksary, is a large industrial, commercial, financial, scientific, educational and cultural center in the Privolzhsky Federal District. Almost 80% of Cheboksary is located on the right bank of the Volga, which belongs to the forest-steppe zone. Light-gray forest and sod-podzolic soils dominate here. In conditions of temperate continental climate, the main limiting factors for the growth of woody plants are low winter temperatures and industrial emissions. The objectives of our research are to identify current trends in city gardening, and to develop proposals for adjusting the range of used woody plants. To study the impact on green plantations of the complex of natural and anthropogenic factors, it is proposed to divide the territory of the city of Cheboksary into 5 functional-economic zones. The subject of the research was trees that grow in typical greenery planted in the public areas (parks, squares, boulevards), as well as along streets (highways and local importance). The article shows the distribution of research objects in functional-economic zones. The assortment of trees represented in green plantations is established, differences in the species composition of trees are revealed at the greening facilities of the city. It is noted that the existing range of tree species in all functional and economic zones of Cheboksary is characterized by insufficient species diversity. Aboriginal species prevail here, very few coniferous plants, as well as introduced ornamental plants that are stable in local conditions prevail. The obtained results can be applied to planning works on landscaping Cheboksary. More active and systematic use of the developed recommendations will allow to ensure the improvement of the range of trees for the creation of green spaces in various settlements of the region.
Distribution and Fructification of Blackberry Gray in the Woods of the Steppe Don region
Authors: Коробова В. 
Published: July 2024

В результате 3-летних наблюдений (2012–2014 гг.) выявлены закономерности распространения ежевики сизой (Rubus caesius) в лесах степного Придонья, изучены показатели урожайности, определены ее возможные промысловые площади. Получены данные об экологической приуроченности вида, зависимости его продуктивности от мест произрастания и метеорологических условий.
The article devoted to the study of the distribution and fruiting of blackberries PPE in different groups of types of natural forest steppe of the don area [1]. The study of non-timber forest resources presents a great interest from the point of view at intensification of forest management. However, currently in the Russian Federation, the most studied and widely used berry plants of family cranberry. The relevance of the article associated with fact that the BlackBerry grey, as an important non-wood resource of the southern forests of our country, poorly studied. In literature there are single works associated mainly with the geobotanical characteristics of this plant. An author on the basis of observations 2012-2014 identified the main regularities of the distribution of culture in different groups of forest types of the steppe of the don area, studied parameters of its productivity, also defined the possible fishing areas. In addition, the work presents the data of the dependence of the growth and fruiting of blackberries from the conditions of the habitat. For the time of the work examined more than 40 hectares of forest land, of which presents berries blue-gray of BlackBerry. It is established that the studied culture is found in all natural forestsof the steppe of the don area: the floodplain, arena and bairachny. However, the largest areas of berries noted in the floodplain of Don river. The maximum parameters of blue-gray BlackBerry recorded in birch arena band that has no underbrush and undergrowth. Minimal – oak forests bairachny Priceline in which non-enough illumination in combination with excessive moisture created unfavorable conditions for the development of the blue-gray BlackBerry. In addition, the author noted the high dependence of productivity of blue-gray BlackBerry from lighting habitats. Well-lighting areas of forest are preferable to fruit culture, and the lack of light leaded to the growth of young shoots, which shading fruit-bearing and reducing the overall productivity of berry. In conclusion, we presented preliminary findings on the research topic, confirming the confinement of field berries blue-grey blackberry to certain groups of forest types.
Subcanopy Forest Regeneration in the National Park «Ugra»
Authors: Стоноженко Л. , Коротков С. , Гришенков В. 
Published: July 2024

На примере национального парка «Угра» рассмотрены различные аспекты естественного лесовозобновления в зоне хвойно-широколиственных лесов по формациям и типам леса с учётом влияния антропогенного воздействия, развития подлеска и других факторов. Установлено, что в группе сложных типов леса подрост липы (Tilia cordata) практически всегда преобладает или создает значительную конкуренцию подросту клёна остролистного (Acer platanoides) или вяза (Ulmus sp.).
The article examines various aspects of natural forest regeneration in the zone of mixed forests, by formations and forest types. Anthropogenic impact, development of undergrowth, and other factors were considered. Case studies were conducted in the national park «Ugra». The importance of the study is related to the fact that on the border of mixed and broadleaved forests, the main forest-forming species often grow under non-optimal conditions. Under such conditions, the most important element in predicting the dynamics of species composition is undergrowth inventory and the assessment of changes in its density, composition, and state. In the national park «Ugra» in 2014–2017, we have established 54 permanent observation plots (POP) in various formations and site conditions. Along with the detailed description of the stand, the undergrowth and shrubs were registered on test plots within the POP. Vital specimens were considered, being divided into size categories, with followed recalculation into a large one. In the stands examined, the amount of undergrowth varies from 0.4 to 24.3 thousand specimen per hectare. The undergrowth demonstrated various levels of species diversity: from 2 to 9 species per POP. In this aspect, soil conditions become the limiting factor of the primary importance. The hardest competition for undergrowth species is provided by hazel. In the group of composite forest types, lime (Tiliacordata) undergrowth either predominates or provides a significant competition to the undergrowth of maple (Acer platanoides) or elm (Ulmus sp.). The share of oak undergrowth is low on the studied objects. The proportion of spruce in the undergrowth is naturally insignificant (with the exception of some pine forests and moist habitats), while the occurrence of spruce undergrowth (constancy) is quite high – 59%.
Optimization of Forest Fire Fighting Expenditures
Authors: Волокитина А. , Софронова Т. 
Published: July 2024

Проанализирована эффективность управления пожарами в США и России. Приведен основной принцип оптимизации затрат при тушении лесных пожаров и возможности преодоления сложностей при его внедрении в практику пожаротушения в России. Предложен метод оптимизации затрат при тушении лесных пожаров на основе карт растительных горючих материалов.
The relevant background is analyzed in the USA and Russia. It is pointed out that expenditures for forest fire fighting and forest fire damage are in a dynamic reverse dependence. The main principle to optimize expenditures is formulated: the sum of expenditures and damage should be in the minimum. This becomes possible when expenditures and damage are equal. However, it is obvious that it is necessary to take into account a comprehensive damage, direct and indirect, including a predicted one. This principle is difficult to realize in practice since there are undefined and considerable fluctuations of fire areas and fire damage by years, as well as uncertainties in monetary evaluation of environmental fire effects (in particular, forest fire impact on atmospheric oxygen and carbon balance). The paper considers ways to overcome some difficulties on the assumption of equal estimation accuracy for various damage components. It is suggested that forest fire behaviour prediction based on vegetation fuel (VF) maps should be used for optimization of expenditures for forest fire fighting. Methods of making VF maps are developed at the Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RAS. The information databases for making such maps using forest inventory data are available for some parts of Russia: Chunskiy Forest Office (Krasnoyarsk krai) and nature reserves (Stolby, Sayano-Shushensky, Kuznetskiy Alatau, Ubsunurskaya kotlovina). With forest inventory information being absent or not relevant, it is possible to use a method of VF maps creation based on space images of high and ultrahigh resolution.
On the verge of forest protection service 80 year anniversary
Authors: Токарев О.В. 
Published: July 2024

Представлен краткий отчет о результатах деятельности службы защиты лесов в преддверии ее 80-летнего юбилея. Сформулированы основные направления деятельности службы в настоящее время – защита лесов от насекомых-вредителей и болезней леса, а также проблемы воспроизводства лесов. В настоящее время ФБУ «Рослесозащита» имеет 42 филиала, квалифицированный кадровый состав и высокую техническую оснащенность, что обеспечивает выработку и реализацию необходимых решений и эффективных мер в сфере защиты лесов от вредных организмов и других неблагоприятных воздействий.
The paper highlights issues of forest protection against hazardous organisms, insect pests and forest diseases as well as forest regeneration challenges. Now days efficient forest protection is unfeasible without on line state forest pathology monitoring and forest regeneration without forest regeneration state monitoring. Organization of rational forest use, protection and regeneration is important strategically. In 2018 "Roslesozashita" is going to celebrate its 80 year anniversary completely fits the requirements that enable to make environmentyal and economical decisions based on its operation results. Key risks of national environmental forest security are in focus. Siberian moth outbreaks that evolved in forests in the Krasnoyarsk territory, Tomskaya, Kemerovskaya and Irkutskaya regions, Buryatia Republic are a serious danger. Siberian moth outbreak suppression operation efficiency was 90–100%, which enabled to save around 1.4 ha of Russian forests. Topwood bark beetle population buildup in the Bryanskaya region and its damage in forest areas and its further infestation risk European Russian pine woods is of special worry. The paper as well covers such issues as forest regeneration situation assessment. Over 80 years the forest protection service is involved in operations to keep forest ecosystem environmental resilience, In particular «Roslesozashita» has 42 subsidiaries, qualified staff and high technical infrastructure that enable development and implementation of needed decisions and efficient operations to protect forests against hazardous organisms and other adverse impacts.
Condition of Wood Species and Reproduction Ofoak Forest in Zone of Forest Steppe
Authors: Стороженко В.Г. , Чеботарёва В.В. , Чеботарёв П.А. 
Published: July 2024

Представлены экспериментальные данные об ослаблении и усыхании деревьев дуба и других пород в зоне лесостепи. Определена высокая корреляционная связь количества приемов рубок ухода и качества их проведения в культурах дуба с формированием их древостоев: r = 0,9 при mr = 0,04 и t = 22,5. Предлагается система интенсивного воспроизводства дубовых лесов как непрерывный цикл агротехнических и лесоводственных уходов, в результате которых формируется высокобонитетный, высокотоварный дубовый древостой с 8–10 единицами дуба в составе.
In the article there were considered aspects tracking the history of oak stands' degradation on the territory of Russia, as well as key factors for degradation of oak trees crowns and transformation of oak forests into deciduous formations with no oak participation in the naturally forming plantations. Two main tasks are discussed in the article: presentation of experimental evidence for oak degradation and transformation of oak forests into mixed deciduous plantation with minimal oak participation in the stands composition or with its zero participation; provision of information to forestry experts and organizations on the researches made by the Forestry Institute under the Academy of Sciences. Those researches deal with the development of a system targeted at the intensive reproduction of highly productive oak plantations which would allow to grow trees stands having 8–10 oak species in their composition and to provide a possibility to vary plantations' structure depending on the their intended use. There was presented a new technique of assessing trees conditions considering development of secondary crowns. There was also presented experimental data (appraisal by points) on the grades of trees weakening (crown degradation) for the core forest shaping species in the mature and over mature stands of natural and artificial origin. Oak trees possess lower weakening indices comparing to other species – ash trees, Bosnian maple, common maple, and linden which is associated with progressive rate of oak species' degradation. The article specifies a change to the composition formula of the natural origin plantation over the period of 130–140 years starting from 10 oak trees species to their absence in the plantation formula. The author estimates a degree of association between the number and thoroughness of tending fellings (forming artificial oak stands) and presence of oak in the composition of the plantation's first layer. This association can be estimated as a high one and almost functional: r = 0,9 when mr = 0,04 and t = 22,5. The article introduces an intensive method of oak forests reproduction representing a continuous cycle of agro technical and mechanized treatment. As the result of such treatment there will be formed a single-storied, high-bonitat, highly-marketable oak stand with 8–10 of oak species in its composition.