bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of N‐{2‐[4‐(3‐Cyanopyridin‐2‐yl)piperazin‐1‐yl]ethyl}‐3‐[11C]methoxybenz­amide, a Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Radioligand for Dopamine D4 Receptors, in Rodents
Authors: Leopoldo Marcello , Selivanova Svetlana V. , Müller Adrienne , Lacivita Enza , Schetz John A. , Ametamey Simon M. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe D4 dopamine receptor belongs to the D2‐like family of dopamine receptors, and its exact regional distribution in the central nervous system is still a matter of considerable debate. The availability of a selective radioligand for the D4 receptor with suitable properties for positron emission tomography (PET) would help resolve issues of D4 receptor localization in the brain, and the presumed diurnal change of expressed protein in the eye and pineal gland. We report here on in vitro and in vivo characteristics of the high‐affinity D4 receptor‐selective ligand N‐{2‐[4‐(3‐cyanopyridin‐2‐yl)piperazin‐1‐yl]ethyl}‐3‐[11C]methoxybenzamide ([11C]2) in rat. The results provide new insights on the in vitro properties that a brain PET dopamine D4 radioligand should possess in order to have improved in vivo utility in rodents.
Blockade of excitatory synaptogenesis with proximal dendrites of dentate granule cells following rapamycin treatment in a mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Yamawaki Ruth , Thind Khushdev , Buckmaster Paul S. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTInhibiting the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway with rapamycin blocks granule cell axon (mossy fiber) sprouting after epileptogenic injuries, including pilocarpine‐induced status epilepticus. However, it remains unclear whether axons from other types of neurons sprout into the inner molecular layer and synapse with granule cell dendrites despite rapamycin treatment. If so, other aberrant positive‐feedback networks might develop. To test this possibility stereological electron microscopy was used to estimate the numbers of excitatory synapses in the inner molecular layer per hippocampus in pilocarpine‐treated control mice, in mice 5 days after pilocarpine‐induced status epilepticus, and after status epilepticus and daily treatment beginning 24 hours later with rapamycin or vehicle for 2 months. The optical fractionator method was used to estimate numbers of granule cells in Nissl‐stained sections so that numbers of excitatory synapses in the inner molecular layer per granule cell could be calculated. Control mice had an average of 2,280 asymmetric synapses in the inner molecular layer per granule cell, which was reduced to 63% of controls 5 days after status epilepticus, recovered to 93% of controls in vehicle‐treated mice 2 months after status epilepticus, but remained at only 63% of controls in rapamycin‐treated mice. These findings reveal that rapamycin prevented excitatory axons from synapsing with proximal dendrites of granule cells and raise questions about the recurrent excitation hypothesis of temporal lobe epilepsy. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:281–297, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Growth of SiC bulk crystals for application in power electronic devices – process design, 2D and 3D X‐ray in situ visualization and advanced doping
Authors: Wellmann Peter , Neubauer Georg , Fahlbusch Lars , Salamon Michael , Uhlmann Norman 
Published: September 2014

Silicon carbide single crystals have become widely used as substrates for power electronic devices like diodes and electronic switches. Today, 4 inch and 6 inch wafer diameters are commercially available which are processed from vapor grown crystals. The state of the art physical vapor transport method may be called mature. Nevertheless, low defect density and uniform doping are still topics which can be further improved by current research and development of more sophisticated processes and process control. The aim of the paper is to review the physical vapor transport growth method as applied today. Special emphasis will be put on currently less advanced in situ growth monitoring tools based on 2D and 3D X‐ray imaging that could be a tool for production monitoring. These techniques allow a precise determination of the crystal and source material evolution. Another topic will be the processing of highly conductive p‐type 4 H‐SiC which is of particular interest for power electronic switches.
Cochrane in context: Pharmacological interventions for hypertension in children
Authors: Chaturvedi Swasti , Lipszyc Deborah H. , Licht Christoph , Craig Jonathan C. , Parekh Rulan S. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractCochrane Review: Pharmacological interventions for hypertension in children Chaturvedi S, Lipszyc DH, Licht C, Craig JC, Parekh RS. Pharmacological interventions for hypertension in children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2014, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD008117. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD008117.pub2.This companion piece to the review, “Pharmacological interventions for hypertension in children,” contains the following pieces:

The abstract of the review
A commentary from one or more of the review authors, explaining why the review team felt the review was an important one to produce
A review of clinical practice guidelines
Some other recently published references on this topic
Cochrane in context: Combined and alternating paracetamol and ibuprofen therapy for febrile children
Authors: Wong Tiffany , Stang Antonia S. , Ganshorn Heather , Hartling Lisa , Maconochie Ian K. , Thomsen Anna M. , Johnson David W. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractCochrane Review: Combined and alternating paracetamol and ibuprofen therapy for febrile children Wong T, Stang AS, Ganshorn H, Hartling L, Maconochie IK, Thomsen AM, Johnson DW. Combined and alternating paracetamol and ibuprofen therapy for febrile children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2013, Issue 10. Art. No.: CD009572. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009572.pub2This companion piece to the review, “Combined and alternating paracetamol and ibuprofen therapy for febrile children,” contains the following pieces:

The abstract of the review
A commentary from one or more of the review authors, explaining why the review team felt the review was an important one to produce
A review of clinical practice guidelines
Some other recently published references on this topic
Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Membranes Based on Sulfonated Poly(ether ether ketone) and Tetrabutylphosphonium Bromide Ionic Liquid for PEM Fuel Cell Applications
Authors: Rangasamy Vijay Shankar , Thayumanasundaram Savitha , de Greef Niels , Seo Jin Won , Locquet Jean‐Pierre 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIonic liquids (ILs), with their inherent ionic conductivity and negligible vapor pressure, can be exploited in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells for which thermal management is a major problem and the cell operation temperature is limited by the boiling point of water. In this work, sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) membranes were modified by the incorporation of tetrabutylphosphonium bromide ([P4 4 4 4]Br) by solvent‐casting. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to study the electrical properties of the modified membranes. Simultaneous TGA and FTIR studies were used to evaluate the thermal stability and chemical structure of the modified membranes, respectively. 1H NMR spectroscopy was applied to probe the changes in the chemical environment due to the interaction between the ionic liquid and the polymer. Mechanical properties were studied by dynamic mechanical analysis. The temperature‐dependent behavior of the viscosity of the [P4 4 4 4]Br ionic liquid was observed to obey the Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann (VFT) equation, and was correlated to the ion‐conducting properties of the IL‐doped SPEEK membranes.
From (Phenylsulfanyl)cycloalkanecarbaldehydes to Optically Active Spirocyclic Tetrahydrofurans: Stereospecific Resolution of Symmetric Aldehydes through (S)‐Proline‐Catalysed Aldol Reaction
Authors: Secci Francesco , Frongia Angelo , Rubanu Maria Grazia , Sechi Maria Laura , Sarais Giorgia , Arca Massimiliano , Piras Pier Paolo 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA variety of enantiomerically enriched tetrahydrofuran spirocyclic derivatives have been synthesised by a sequential enantioselective proline‐induced stereospecific resolution through aldol reaction of (E/Z)‐(phenylsulfanyl)cycloalkanecarbaldehydes followed by a ketone reduction, acid‐catalysed [1,2]‐SPh stereospecific migration, and ring‐closure reaction.
Reactivity of Dipyrromethanes towards Azoalkenes: Synthesis of Functionalized Dipyrromethanes, Calix[4]pyrroles, and Bilanes
Authors: Lopes Susana M. M. , Lemos Américo , Pinho e Melo Teresa M. V. D. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe introduction of side chains at the 1‐ and 9‐positions of dipyrromethanes was explored by using the hetero‐Diels–Alder reaction of azoalkenes. New 5,5′‐diethyldipyrromethanes and 5‐phenyldipyrromethanes that were functionalized with open‐chain hydrazone moieties, including derivatives with tetrazolyl groups, were prepared. Furthermore, the synthesis of new calix[4]pyrroles and bilanes was achieved by employing the bis(hetero‐Diels–Alder) reaction of azoalkenes with 5,5′‐diethyldipyrromethane.
Phytochemical screening and protective effects of Trifolium alexandrinum (L.) against free radical‐induced stress in rats
Authors: Shah Abdus S. , Ahmed Mushtaq , Alkreathy Huda M. , Khan Muhammad R. , Khan Rahmat A. , Khan Samiullah 
Published: September 2014

AbstractTrifolium alexandrinum is traditionally used in various human ailments, including renal dysfunctions. The present experiment was designed to investigate antioxidant and nephroprotective effect of T. alexandrinum methanolic extract (TAME) against CCl4‐induced oxidative stress in albino rats. Results of in vitro study revealed significant (P < 0.05) antioxidant effects. The ameliorative role of TAME was also examined by investigating the level of antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px), glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST), nonenzymatic antioxidant viz; reduced glutathione contents (GSH) and lipid peroxidation products (TBARS) in the renal tissue homogenate in CCl4‐treated rats. The intraperitoneal injection of 1 mL/kg b.w. CCl4 caused a significant depletion in the activity antioxidant enzymes and increased the TBARS contents. Supplementation of TAME at 200 mg/kg b.w. for 2 weeks significantly improved activities of antioxidant enzymes and reduced TBARS formation. Co‐treatment of TAME also presented significant protection in maintaining renal urine and serum markers. Antioxidant and nephroprotective effects of TAME are associated with its polyphenolic constituents.
Sesquiterpenoids from the Root Bark of Acanthopanax leucorrhizus and Their Biological Activities
Authors: Hu Hao‐Bin , Zhang Peng‐Hui , Wu Yun 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThree furoeremophilane‐type sesquiterpenoids, including one new, 1α‐acetoxy‐6β‐(benzoyloxy)‐10β‐hydroxy‐9‐oxofuroeremophilane (1), and two known, 1β,6β‐diacetoxy‐9‐oxofuroeremophilane (2) and (6α)‐furoeremophilan‐14,6‐olide (3), were isolated from the root bark of Acanthopanax leucorrhizus from China. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, including IR, HR‐ESI‐MS, 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR experiments. A preliminary bioassay revealed that compound 1 exhibits weak cytotoxicities against the human tumor cell lines MCF‐7 and SMMC‐7721 with the IC50 values of 75.12±1.69 and 168.36±2.01 μg/ml, respectively. Compound 1 and 2 showed moderate activities against Escherichia coli with the MIC values of 32 and 64 μg/ml, respectively.
Two New Sesquiterpenoids from the Rhizomes of Curcuma xanthorrhiza
Authors: Zhang Chun‐Mei , Fan Pei‐Hong , Li Min , Lou Hong‐Xiang 
Published: September 2014

AbstractZedoardiol (1), a new furanoguaiane sesquiterpenoid, and 3,4‐dihydroxybisabola‐1,10‐diene (2), a new naturally occurring bisabolane sesquiterpenoid, together with six known compounds, were isolated from Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. Their structures were determined on the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, mainly 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR, MS, IR and X‐ray single‐crystal diffraction. Herein, the isolation and structure elucidation of the compounds are described.
Two New Limonoids from the Root Bark of Chinese Medicinal Plant Dictamnus dasycarpus
Authors: Wang Li‐Li , Jiang Cheng‐Shi , Fu Yan , Chen Fei‐Fei , Lan Le‐Fu , Zhang Hai‐Yan , Guo Yue‐Wei 
Published: September 2014

AbstractTwo new limonoids, kihadanin C (1) and 23‐methoxydasylactone A (2), together with seven related known ones, 3–9, were isolated from the root bark of the plant Dictamnus dasycarpus. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of extensive analyses of their spectroscopic data (1D‐ and 2D‐NMR, MS) and by comparison of their NMR data with those reported in the literature. To the best of our knowledge, 1 presents the first example of A,D‐seco limonoid with an unusual 3,4‐dihydroxy‐2,5‐dimethoxytetrahydrofuran moiety as ring E. In the bioassay in vitro, 7 showed moderate antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, while 8 and 9 displayed neuroprotective activities against H2O2‐induced injury in SH‐SY5Y cells.
Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT)‐Ionic Liquid‐Modified Carbon Paste Electrode: Probing FurazolidoneDNA Interactions and DNA Determination
Authors: Fotouhi Lida , Arabiyan Shahrbanoo 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe interactions of furazolidone (Fu) with double‐stranded calf thymus DNA (dsDNA) on the multi‐walled carbon nanotubes‐ionic liquid‐modified carbon paste electrode (MWCNT‐IL‐CPE) have been studied by cyclic voltammetry. In the presence of DNA, the cathodic peak current of Fu decreased and the peak potential shifted to a positive potential, indicating the intercalative interaction of Fu with DNA. The binding constant of Fu with DNA and stoichiometric coefficient has been determined according to the Hill's model. This electrochemical method was further applied to the determination of DNA. Two linear calibration curves were obtained for DNA detection in the concentration ranges of 0.03–0.10 and 0.10–4.0 μg l−1 with a detection limit of 0.027 μg l−1. The method was successfully applied to analyze Fu in serum samples.
How Small Amounts of Impurities Are Sufficient to Catalyze the Interconversion of Carbonyl Compounds and Iminium Ions, or Is There a Metathesis through 1,3‐Oxazetidinium Ions? Experiments, Speculations, and Calculations
Authors: Seebach Dieter , Yoshinari Tomohiro , Beck Albert K. , Ebert Marc‐Olivier , Castro‐Alvarez Alejandro , Vilarrasa Jaume , Reiher Markus 
Published: September 2014

AbstractUnder the ‘best anhydrous’ conditions, we were able to achieve, the bicyclic oxazolidinones derived from proline and pivalaldehyde (or cyclohexanone) equilibrate with added carbonyl compounds in (D6)DMSO and in (D6)benzene. With (18O)cyclohexanone, no incorporation of the label into the 1,3‐oxazolidinone ring was observed (in‐situ NMR investigations; Figs. 1, 3, and 4). Since an iminium‐carboxylate zwitterion might be involved in this process, we also studied the reaction of N‐isopropylidene‐pyrrolidinium perchlorate with cyclohexanone in anhydrous CDCl3 (Fig. 5). We speculated that an interconversion between iminium and carbonyl species might occur in the absence of H2O or other impurities, i.e., formally a metathesis through 1,3‐oxazetidinium ions (Schemes 2 and 3). A theoretical investigation with various DFT methods, ranging all the way to CCSD(T)/aug‐cc‐pVTZ//MP2/def2‐QZVPP, shows (Figs. 8–11) that oxazetidinium ions are stable species (more or less equi‐energetic with the reactants iminium ion+carbonyl system), but that the transition states leading to these cations are too high in energy for a reaction taking place in the gas phase at room temperature. Further investigations are proposed to study the iminiumcarbonyl interconversion mechanism.
Impact of Ferti‐Irrigation with Vinasse on Groundwater Quality
Authors: González Luis , Mejía Miguel 
Published: September 2014

AbstractVinasse, a residual substance left after sugarcane alcohol distillation, is a mixture of water and organic compounds and can be used as a substitute for chemical fertilizers. Some alcohol industries in Mexico have adopted its utilization in the irrigation of sugarcane plantations. If vinasse percolates and reaches the groundwater, microbial degradation of the organic matter produces a sequence of redox reactions in which O2, NO3‐, Mn (IV), Fe (III), SO42‐ and CO2 are reduced. This causes problems with groundwater quality, because manganese and iron become soluble, causing the water to acquire a brown colour and bad taste. The aim of this study was determine the effect of ferti‐irrigation with vinasse over 50 years in the groundwater quality of an aquifer in east central Mexico. The results shows a shallow groundwater table (14 m) in the area where vinasse is used. The results also show reduction of oxygen, nitrate reduction and manganese reduction where vinasse is used for ferti‐irrigation. In fact, some wells exceed the maximum permissible limit for manganese established by Mexican standards. The primary cause of groundwater contamination is attributed to the dissolution of the manganese present in the soil, during the oxidation of organic matter introduced to the aquifer by deep percolation of irrigation water with vinasse. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photoelectrocatalytic degradation of potential water pollutants in the presence of NaCl using nanocrystalline titania films
Authors: Tantis Iosif , Stathatos Elias , Mantzavinos Dionissios , Lianos Panagiotis 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDPhotocatalytic degradation using nanoparticulate titania films does not provide sufficiently high specific surface area for fast pollutant degradation. This deficiency can be corrected by electrocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic processes.RESULTSNanocrystalline titania films have been deposited on transparent conductive electrodes and were used for photocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic discoloration of the anionic Acid Orange 7 and the cationic Rhodamine 6G under simulated solar radiation. Experiments have been conducted in the presence of either NaCl, as a natural active species, or Na2SO4, as a relatively inert electrolyte. Photocatalytic discoloration was relatively slow but the process was highly accelerated by applying an electric bias, both in the forward and the reverse direction, particularly in the presence of NaCl. Application of forward bias assisted photogenerated electron–hole separation and affected attraction or repulsion of the charged dyes towards the photocatalyst. However, both effects were masked by the strong electrocatalytic effect produced in the presence of NaCl when Cl‐based oxidative species could be created on either of the two electrodes under any electric bias. As expected, such electrocatalytic effects were much slower in the presence of SO42‐ instead of the highly active Cl‐ anions.CONCLUSIONSDegradation of model pollutants can be accelerated in a photoelectrochemical cell using the same quantity of photocatalyst. The natural electrolyte NaCl additionally allows for strong electrocatalytic effects, which were obtained at moderate applied electric bias. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Assessment of cleaning effectiveness for new ecological systems on ancient tempera icon by complementary microscopy techniques
Authors: Pruteanu Silvea , Vasilache Viorica , Sandu Irina Crina Anca , Budu Ana‐Maria , Sandu Ion 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTThe study presents an old icon painted in egg tempera on lime wood, with a poor conservation condition and clogged dirt deposits. The icon is attributed to an anonymous painter of XIXth century and to the neo‐classical style of painting. The painting layer was done with only a hand full of pigments, earth colors that were often used in painting the icons from XVIIth to XIXth century in Eastern Europe, that have Byzantine influences. Taking into consideration the nature and the structure of the materials from the upper layers of the painting, affected by deposits of dirt over time, a series of cleaning recipes were studied, using the so called cleaning tests with compatible mixtures of different juices and infusion from indigenes plants, that were freshly done and odorless. A low alkaline 95% ethyl alcohol solution, combined with a few drops of ammoniac 25%, was used as a reference system, due to its compatibility with the greasy deposits found on the polychrome layer and on the wood. The cleaning capacity of the new systems used, in comparison with the standard solution, was analyzed through modern analytical methods of evaluating the degree of cleaning, more exactly by means of visible and UV reflectography, CIE L*a*b* colorimetry by reflection assisted by SEM‐EDX and IR spectroscopy.Microsc. Res. Tech. 77:1060–1070, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nutritive quality and protein production from grain legumes in a boreal climate
Authors: Lizarazo Clara I , Lampi Anna‐Maija , Liu Jingwei , Sontag‐Strohm Tuula , Piironen Vieno , Stoddard Frederick L 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDBoreal cropping systems are heavily focused on the production of small‐grain cereals; to improve their resilience to climate change and to achieve food and feed security, diversification is needed. This study investigated the potential of faba bean, narrow‐leafed lupin and lentil as protein crops in southern Finland, where faba bean is traditional but the other two are novel.RESULTSEarly cultivars of narrow‐leafed lupin and lentil matured adequately. Protein concentration in faba bean was, at 32%, higher than the world average of 29%, while those of narrow‐leafed lupin and lentil were close to their world averages. Protein yields decreased in the order faba bean > narrow‐leafed lupin > lentil. Lipid content of faba bean and lentil was about 1.2% and that of narrow‐leafed lupin about 5.5%, and fatty acid composition was largely oleic and linoleic in all three species.CONCLUSIONBoth lentil and narrow‐leafed lupin can be added to the range of feed and food crops produced at high latitudes in Europe. While faba bean produces the greatest protein yield and lysine concentration, the higher sulfur amino acid concentration in lupin, its oil content and its adaptation to acid, sandy soils not suitable for faba bean make it an attractive alternative. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
In vitro antioxidant and mineral‐chelating properties of natural and autocleaved ovotransferrin
Authors: Moon Sun Hee , Lee Jae Hoon , Ahn Dong Uk , Paik Hyun‐Dong 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDEgg white proteins can be excellent substrates for the development of functional foods and nutraceuticals. In this study, several in vitro antioxidant methods, namely the β‐carotene linoleate model system, the ferric thiocyanate method, the 2‐thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS) method and copper/calcium ion chelation, were used to determine the antioxidant capacity of natural and autocleaved ovotransferrin.RESULTSAutocleaved ovotransferrin was prepared by reducing natural ovotransferrin with tris(2‐carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) for 6 h at 37 °C. Autocleaved ovotransferrin suppressed the discoloration of β‐carotene effectively and prevented the oxidation of linoleic acid during 5 days of storage at 4 °C. However, the concentration of autocleaved ovotransferrin had no influence on its antioxidant effect. Similarly, the highest TBARS values were obtained from autocleaved ovotransferrin (>90%) and the lowest value in natural ovotransferrin (24%) during incubation at 37 °C for 48 h. The hydrolysates obtained from autocleaved ovotranferrin showed better copper/calcium‐solublilizing activity than those from natural ovotransferrin.CONCLUSIONThe results indicated that autocleaved ovotransferrin has the potential to be used as a natural antioxidant in foods. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry