bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zementgebundene Beschichtungen zum Schutz und zur Instandsetzung von Stahlbetonbauwerken / Protective and repair layers for concrete structures
Authors: Martinola G. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Cement based layers are frequently used during the repair of reinforced concrete structures nowadays. They restore the protection of the reinforcement against the penetration of aggressive substances. Protective coatings can also be applied to new structures in order to improve their durability. This paper discusses a concept for the improvement of durability of existing and new reinforced concrete structures using protective layers. To offer protection and to prevent the transport of harmful substances inside the reinforced concrete structure these layers have to be free from cracks during the planned service life. Under usual conditions such layers are submitted to different phenomena like thermal, hygral and autogenous shrinkage and swelling. These processes create a complex state of eigenstresses inside the system layer-subbase. The tensile stresses can lead to the formation of cracks and delamination of the protective layer after a few years. This paper suggests an approach for correct design of systems of protective as repair layers. For this purpose a numerical model is used in order to determine the time dependent stress distribution and the crack formation due to different loads and boundary conditions. On this basis the requirements for a layer can be formulated ad hoc as a function of the probabilistic properties of each damaged building and the risk of failure can be minimized.
Simulieren der kapillaren Wasseraufnahme von porösen Werkstoffen des Bauwesens / Modelling of the Capillary Water Absorption of Porous Building Materials
Authors: Elsen J. , Barquin F. de 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Profound knowledge of the moisture transport in porous building materials is essential to understand and to improve their durability. Water flow in these materials is mainly driven by capillary forces and the capillary suction of a porous building material depends on its pore structure. We have designed a statistical model to simulate the capillary water absorption of porous building materials based on invasion percolation rules. A 3D-network with 30x30x100 sites was used and the trapping effect is included. The input for the simulated invasion percolation is a pore size distribution obtained by a stereological analysis of the results of automated image analysis measurements on SEM-BSE-images of polished sections. Pore size distributions of nine different materials have been determined experimentally by SEM and by MIP. The simulated absorption curves agree reasonably well with the experimental absorption curves.
Stucco Marble in the Dukes Chapel in Krzeszów, Poland - Microclimate and Degradation Mechanisms / Stuckmarmor in der Fürstenkapelle in Krzeszów (Grüssau) Polen- Mikroklima und zerstörende Mechanismen
Authors: Kozlowski R. , Wittenburg C. , Zeunert A. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The baroque Dukes Chapel in Krzeszów, Poland, contains elaborate stucco marble decorations of great historic value and artistic quality. Cracks and losses appeared in the thin stucco marble layers as a result of layer deformation and detachment from the ground. The glossy polished surface has become locally eroded and rough, and the original material deformed and porous. The damages are located in a non-uniform way; they appear at the base of the walls and high on the vaulted ceilings. A year-long monitoring of air parameters has been conducted inside and outside the chapel. The micro climate of the chapel has been found to be strongly influenced by the outside climate via air exchange with the exterior. The unheated interior undergoes cooling during the winter period and warms up very gradually during the spring and summer. This thermal inertia of the building gives rise to periods of moisture condensation on the walls. Large amounts of magnesium sulphate, which leached out in the past from the dolomitic mortar, are present in the deteriorated decorations of the ceiling. The repeated periods of moisture condensation and evaporation lead to the damaging cyclic crystallization of the salt. Considerable swelling of the stucco marble on humidification is another cause of the deterioration observed. The conservation strategy should restrict the air exchange between the chapel and the exterior and include treatments removing magnesium sulphate from the material.
What to Smooth: Rate of Interest or the Foreign Exchange? Turkish Monetary Policy under Turbulent Times
Authors: Yeldan A. Erinc , Kolsuz Gunes , Unuvar Burcu 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis paper studies the new monetary stance of the Central Bank of Republic of Turkey (CBRT) during the Great Recession. We note that characteristics of the post-1997 “Great Moderation” revealed interest rate smoothing as a valid policy option for the inflation targeting central banks. Utilizing econometric analysis on a general form of a Taylor Rule, we search for the relative weights of the objective function of the CBRT over Jan 2010–Dec 2013. We find that over the Great Recession, the CBRT’s focus on “interest smoothing” had been maintained; and yet the burden of adjustment fell disproportionately on the foreign exchange markets. Furthermore, weak credibility of the CBRT, lack of a simple policy rule, and noisy policy communications evidence that pre-requisites of the interest rate smoothing are not being fulfilled. Inevitable sharp policy corrections that follow smoothing periods proved insufficient against the voluminous global flows.
The effect of delayed ettringite formation on fine grained aerated concrete mechanical properties
Authors: Lubej Samo , Anžel Ivan , Jelušič Primož , Kosec Ladislav , Ivanič Andrej 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Delayed ettringite formation (DEF) is a chemical reaction with proven damaging effects on the mechanical properties of hydrated cementitious composite (concrete). Ettringite crystals can cause cracks and the widening of cracks due to pressure on the crack walls caused by the positive volume difference in the reaction. In this paper, we investigated the potential to utilise the positive volume difference in DEF in order to improve the mechanical properties of hydrated fine grained aerated concrete. Fine dispersed crystallisation nuclei, achieved by adding air-entraining agent (AEA) and by short vibration of specimens, are presented as the main requirement for such improvements. Control tests of expansion and mechanical properties were performed on samples of concrete with and without AEA by inducing DEF. The microstructure of fine grained aerated concrete was examined with an optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. We found that the controlled DEF, which is guaranteed by adding AEA and with the formation of uniformly dispersed air bubbles, which are crystallisation sites for ettringite crystals, improves the mechanical properties. The specimens with induced DEF were measured and found to have a 6.8% increase of compressive strength.
New Experimental Insights into the Bromate – 4-Aminophenol Photochemical Oscillations
Authors: Bell Jeffrey G. , Wang Jichang 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
In this research, it was found that following the photo-dissolution of
the intermediate product N-bromo-1,4-benzoquinone-4-imine in the
bromate – 4-aminophenol reaction, removal of illumination may allow
the system to exhibit spontaneous chemical oscillations. This new
observation complements the earlier report that the bromate –
4-aminophenol reaction could only oscillate under continuous
illumination. Our exploration illustrates that the initial
concentrations of bromate, 4-aminophenol and sulfuric acid have great
influence on whether or not the system requires constant illumination
for exhibiting oscillatory behavior. There is indeed an optimal
illumination time interval at which the subsequently un-illuminated
system would exhibit a large number of high frequency oscillations
with or without an induction time period. Similar influences were also
observed in the presence of cerium, in which the system exhibited
sequential oscillations. Being able to respond to light in both
a negative and constructive way makes this oscillatory system an
attractive model for investigating perturbed nonlinear reaction
dynamics.
The Role of Halogens in the Synthesis of Semiconductor Nanocrystals
Authors: Juarez Beatriz H. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The presence of halogen compounds in the synthesis of semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) produced by hot injection drastically influence their capping ligand sphere and/or chemical reactivity, allowing for the growth of hybrid systems, including composites combining NCs decorating carbon sp2 surfaces. As a result, the presence of halide anions on the surface of some NCs has proven to have a positive impact on the optical and electrical properties. In this work the effects that halogen co-solvents (including alkylchlorides, bromides, and iodides) induce in the synthesis of rod-like Wurtzite CdSe NCs generated by hot-injection will be reviewed. The proposed mechanism of the reaction as well as a detailed characterization of the capping ligand sphere by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and X-Ray photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) will be discussed. Correlated cyclic voltammetry (CV) and XPS studies have been performed to address the effect of the halide anions on the NCs surface. Finally an example of the effect of the addition of chlorine-containing co-solvents on the synthesis of PbS rock-salt NCs will be shown.
Neuromyelitis Optica: Atypical Clinical and Neuroradiological Presentation
Authors: Splendiani Alessandra , Mariani Silvia , Anselmi Monica , Catalucci Alessia , Di Cesare Ernesto , Gallucci Massimo 
Published: November 2014

The extreme variability of clinical and MRI findings in the suspicion of Devic's disease always requires the detection of specific antibodies (AQP4). MRI scans were performed with a high-field MRI scanner (1.5T General Electric Signa Horizon): the MRI protocol of the brain employed axial DP, T2, T1, FLAIR and DWI weighted images (wi) and coronal T2-wi. After intravenous administration of contrast medium axial and sagittal T1-weighted images of the brain were repeated. The spine protocol employed after contrast medium included sagittal T2-wi, T2-wi with fat suppression and T1-wi. In May 2004, a 64-year-old healthy Caucasian woman began to suffer loss of motor and thermal sensitivity in the left lower limb. MRI showed nonspecific areas of abnormal signal intensity on the deep left frontal and right frontoparietal white matter with no pathological enhancement after contrast medium and a small intramedullary area of altered signal at metameric level C2–C4 with a diagnosis of post-viral transverse myelitis. The patient had two similar episodes years later so the neurologist decided to search for circulating IgG AQP4 with the definitive diagnosis of neuromyelitis optica. In this case, compared to a clinical presentation of atypical deficit neurological involvement, the neuroradiological results of a progressive diffuse involvement of the white matter were atypical.
Industry-directed training and research programmes: The BMI experience
Authors: De Jongh Pieter J. , Erasmus Cornelius M. 
Published: November 2014

Universities are academic institutions with the primary objectives of teaching students a particular academic discipline and for conducting research related to that discipline. Traditionally, very little collaboration existed between universities and industry with respect to training and research in the mathematical sciences. Because of funding pressure, more and more universities are forced to find external sources of income. In this paper, we discuss a framework for designing and implementing career-oriented training programmes and industry-directed research programmes with a statistical science core. This framework was used as the basis for designing and implementing a highly successful training and research programme at North-West University’s Centre for Business Mathematics and Informatics® (Centre for BMI), with the active support of industry partners Absa and SAS Institute. We believe that the lessons learnt from its implementation could form valuable guidelines for other, similar initiatives.
Employer Practices in Improving Employment Outcomes for People With Disabilities: A Transdisciplinary and Employer-Inclusive Research Approach
Authors: Barrington Linda , Bruyère Susanne M. , Waelder Margaret 
Published: November 2014

Objective:Share new knowledge about workplace practices related to employer success in hiring, retaining, and promoting people with disabilities, and promote use of findings to employers and service providers.Design:A transdisciplinary and multifaceted data gathering approach.Results:Provides an overview of the research approach taken and the strengths regarding this approach.Conclusions:The significance of findings for rehabilitation researchers and policy makers focused on improving employment outcomes for people with disabilities, for rehabilitation counselor educators preparing future service providers, and for practicing professionals providing services to individuals with disabilities and consultation to employers regarding disability issues, are presented.
Rehabilitation-Related Research on Disability and Employer Practices Using Individual-Based National and Administrative Data Sets
Authors: Nazarov Zafar E. , Erickson William A. , Bruyère Susanne M. 
Published: November 2014

Objective:It is useful to examine workplace factors influencing employment outcomes of individuals with disabilities and the interplay of disability, employment-related, and employer characteristics to inform rehabilitation practice.Design:A number of large national survey and administrative data sets provide information on employers and can inform this inquiry.Results:Provides an overview of 9 national survey and administrative data sets that can be used to investigate the impact of employer practices on employment outcomes for individuals with disabilities.Conclusions:Provides specific examples of disability and employment research, which can be performed with these data sets and implications for rehabilitation policy, practice, and research.
Use of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation to Stabilize a Polytrauma Patient During Intramedullary Nailing of a Femoral Fracture
Authors: Chauhan Aakash , Babovic Nikola , Moraca Robert J. , Altman Daniel T. 
Published: November 2014

Case:
An eighteen-year-old polytrauma patient sustained multiple nonorthopaedic and orthopaedic injuries, including a closed femoral shaft fracture. She was started on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for respiratory failure. After added resuscitation and stabilization, she underwent intramedullary nailing of the femoral fracture while on ECMO on the third day after the injury. She remained stable throughout the case and recovered after a prolonged hospital course. At the most recent clinical follow-up, she was walking without assistance and had union of the fracture.

Conclusions:
ECMO successfully stabilized and mitigated any potential pulmonary complications during intramedullary nailing of a femoral shaft fracture in an unstable patient with polytrauma.
The influence of injecting an epidural contrast agent into the sacral canal on the fluoroscopic visibility of bony landmarks for sacroiliac screw fixation: a feasibility study
Authors: Mendel Thomas , Radetzki Florian , Schwan Stefan , Hofmann Gunther Olaf , Goehre Felix 
Published: November 2014

OBJECT
In sacroiliac screw fixation of unstable pelvic injuries in geriatric patients, poor bone quality often obscures important bony landmarks in fluoroscopic images. The authors analyzed the feasibility of injecting a transhiatal contrast agent (CA) into the sacral canal to improve fluoroscopic visualization in the sacral epidural space.

METHODS
Eight fresh cadaveric whole-body specimens from human donors whose mean age at the time of death was 78 years (range 69–87 years) were used. First, to identify bony landmarks without CA enhancement, the authors acquired fluoroscopy images of the native sacral canal, using lateral, inlet, and outlet projections. Through puncture of the sacral hiatus, 8–10 ml of CA was injected into the epidural space. Fluoroscopy images were then acquired in the standard pelvic views to identify the bony landmarks. To assess the effect of the CA enhancement, visibility of the landmarks was assessed before and after CA injection. Each identified landmark was scored as 1, and summative landmark scores of up to 10 were determined for each specimen.

RESULTS
The cadaveric specimens were representative of bone structures in the geriatric population. In all specimens, epidural CA injection enhanced the fluoroscopic visualization of the sacral canal and of the S-1 foramina. The enhancement increased the total bony landmark score from 5.9 (range 4–8) without CA injection to 8.1 (range 6–10) after CA injection. Considering only intrasacral landmarks, the score was increased from 1.5 to 3.

CONCLUSIONS
Injection of a transhiatal epidural CA improves fluoroscopic imaging of the sacral canal and of the neural foramina. Hence, this technique could be applied to help the surgeon identify anatomical landmarks during sacroiliac screw fixation in geriatric patients.
Volumetric brain analysis in neurosurgery: Part 1. Particle filter segmentation of brain and cerebrospinal fluid growth dynamics from MRI and CT images
Authors: Mandell Jason G. , Langelaan Jack W. , Webb Andrew G. , Schiff Steven J. 
Published: November 2014

OBJECT
Accurate edge tracing segmentation remains an incompletely solved problem in brain image analysis. The authors propose a novel algorithm using a particle filter to follow the boundary of the brain in the style often used in autonomous air and ground vehicle navigation. Their goals were to create a versatile tool to segment brain and fluid in MRI and CT images of the developing brain, lay the foundation for an intelligent automated edge tracker that is modality independent, and segment normative data from MRI that can be applied to both MRI and CT.

METHODS
Simulated MRI data sets were used to train and evaluate the particle filter segmentation algorithm. The method was then applied to produce normative growth curves for children and adolescents from 0 to 18 years of age for brain and fluid from MR images from the National Institutes of Health pediatric database and these data were compared to historical results. The authors further adapted this method for use with CT images of pediatric hydrocephalus and compared the results with hand-segmented data.

RESULTS
Segmentation of simulated MRI data with varied levels of noise (0%–9%) and spatial inhomogeneity (0%–40%) resulted in percent errors ranging from 0.06% to 5.38% for brain volume and 2.45% to 22.3% for fluid volume. The authors used this tool to create normal brain and CSF growth curves from MR images. The calculated growth curves showed excellent consistency with historical data. Additionally, compared with manual segmentation the particle filter accurately segmented brain and fluid volumes from CT scans of 5 pediatric patients with hydrocephalus (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
The authors have produced the first normative brain and CSF growth curves for children and adolescents 0–18 years of age. In addition, this study includes the first use of a particle filter as an edge tracker in image segmentation and offers a semiautomatic method to segment both pediatric and adult brain data from MR and CT images. The particle filter has the potential to be further automated toward a clinical rather than research tool with both of these modalities. Because of its modality independence, it has the capability to allow CT to be a more effective diagnostic tool for neurological disorders, a task of substantial importance in emergency settings and in developing countries where CT is often the only available method of brain imaging.
Intraspecific variation in gender strategies in Lycium (Solanaceae): Associations with ploidy and changes in floral form following the evolution of gender dimorphism
Authors: Blank Caitlin M. , Levin Rachel A. , Miller Jill S. 
Published: November 2014

• Premise of the study: An association between polyploidy and gender dimorphism has been noted in several plant lineages. Whereas the majority of Lycium species are diploid and have hermaphroditic flowers in cosexual populations, gender dimorphism (gynodioecy, dioecy) has been shown to be uniformly associated with polyploidy in previous studies. Preliminary field observations suggested that some populations of Lycium carolinianum were dimorphic, providing a test of this association.• Methods: We assessed sexual systems and cytotype variation (to infer ploidy) across 17 populations of L. carolinianum. Comparison of flowers in cosexual and dimorphic populations were used to infer changes in reproductive morphology associated with the evolution of gynodioecy.• Key results: The majority of populations were cosexual in gender expression, but dimorphism was present in the Yucatán and in some populations in Hawaii. Populations varied in ploidy and were either diploid or tetraploid. Floral sexual dimorphism was present in all gynodioecious populations, though the magnitude differed and was cryptic in some cases. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that following the evolution of gynodioecy, flowers on hermaphrodites increased in size.• Conclusions: Dimorphic sexual systems have likely evolved convergently in L. carolinianum. In contrast to previous studies, dimorphism is not perfectly associated with polyploidy. Although our sample from the Yucatán was both tetraploid and dimorphic, all populations in Hawaii were diploid regardless of sexual system. Ongoing phylogeographic and mating system studies will contribute to our understanding of reproductive evolution in this widespread, polymorphic species.
Development of polymorphic genic‐SSR markers by cDNA library sequencing in boxwood, Buxus spp. (Buxaceae)
Authors: Thammina Chandra S. , Olsen Richard T. , Malapi‐Wight Martha , Crouch Jo Anne , Pooler Margaret R. 
Published: November 2014

• Premise of the study: Genic microsatellites or simple sequence repeat (genic‐SSR) markers were developed in boxwood (Buxus taxa) for genetic diversity analysis, identification of taxa, and to facilitate breeding.• Methods and Results: cDNA libraries were developed from mRNA extracted from leaves of Buxus sempervirens ‘Vardar Valley’ and sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq system. Approximately 11.9 million base pairs of sequence data were examined and 845 genic‐SSRs were identified, including 469 dinucleotide, 360 trinucleotide, seven tetranucleotide, one pentanucleotide, and eight hexanucleotide repeats. Primer pairs were designed for 71 selectively chosen genic‐SSRs containing trinucleotide repeat motifs and were used to amplify the corresponding loci in 18 diverse boxwood accessions. Twenty‐three primer pairs amplified polymorphic loci, with two to 10 alleles per locus.• Conclusions: These novel polymorphic genic‐SSR markers will aid in evaluating genetic diversity of boxwood germplasm and allow verification of hybrids and cultivars for breeding programs.
Les enfants aux comportements sexuels problématiques à l'épreuve du silence institutionnel
Authors: Bernard Alexandra , Cuynet Patrice 
Published: November 2014

La manifestation de comportements sexuels problématiques d’enfants n’est pas rare dans les institutions médico-sociales. Ces passages à l’acte font bien souvent l’objet d’un silence et d’une perte des capacités d’élaboration du groupe institutionnel révélateur du recours au mécanisme de censure institutionnelle (en référence au concept de censure familiale, Aubertel, 2007). Quel sens et causalité psychique peut-on donner à ce mouvement psychique groupal ? Dans cet article, les auteurs montrent ce qui se rejoue sur la scène institutionnelle en miroir de la problématique familiale, et qui contribue à la mise à mal de l’institution dans son rôle thérapeutique.