bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immortalization of epithelial cells in oral carcinogenesis as revealed by genome‐wide array comparative genomic hybridization: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Vincent–Chong Vui King , Salahshourifar Iman , Razali Rozaimi , Anwar Arif , Zain Rosnah Binti 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundThis purpose of this meta‐analysis study was to identify the most frequent and potentially significant copy number alteration (CNA) in oral carcinogenesis.MethodsSeven oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)‐related publications, corresponding to 312 samples, were identified for this meta‐analysis. The data were analyzed in a 4‐step process that included the genome assembly coordination of multiple platforms, assignment of chromosomal position anchors, calling gains and losses, and functional annotation analysis.ResultsGains were more frequent than losses in the entire dataset. High‐frequency gains were identified in chromosomes 5p, 14q, 11q, 7p, 17q, 20q, 8q, and 3q, whereas high‐frequency losses were identified in chromosomes 3p, 8p, 6p, 18q, and 4q. Ingenuity pathway analysis showed that the top biological function was associated with immortalization of the epithelial cells (p = 1.93E‐04).ConclusionThis study has identified multiple recurrent CNAs that are involved in various biological annotations associated with oral carcinogenesis. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E783–E797, 2016
Effects of the murine skull in optoacoustic brain microscopy
Authors: Kneipp Moritz , Turner Jake , Estrada Héctor , Rebling Johannes , Shoham Shy , Razansky Daniel 
Published: April 2015

Despite the great promise behind the recent introduction of optoacoustic technology into the arsenal of small‐animal neuroimaging methods, a variety of acoustic and light‐related effects introduced by adult murine skull severely compromise the performance of optoacoustics in transcranial imaging. As a result, high‐resolution noninvasive optoacoustic microscopy studies are still limited to a thin layer of pial microvasculature, which can be effectively resolved by tight focusing of the excitation light. We examined a range of distortions introduced by an adult murine skull in transcranial optoacoustic imaging under both acoustically‐ and optically‐determined resolution scenarios. It is shown that strong low‐pass filtering characteristics of the skull may significantly deteriorate the achievable spatial resolution in deep brain imaging where no light focusing is possible. While only brain vasculature with a diameter larger than 60 µm was effectively resolved via transcranial measurements with acoustic resolution, significant improvements are seen through cranial windows and thinned skull experiments.
(a) Experimental setup for hybrid acoustic and optical resolution optoacoustic microscopy. (b) Transcranial scan of an adult mouse brain using the optical resolution mode. Scale bar is 375 µm.magnified image(a) Experimental setup for hybrid acoustic and optical resolution optoacoustic microscopy. (b) Transcranial scan of an adult mouse brain using the optical resolution mode. Scale bar is 375 µm.
SHP2-Deficiency in Chondrocytes Deforms Orofacial Cartilage and Ciliogenesis in Mice
Authors: Kamiya Nobuhiro , Shen Jingling , Noda Kazuo , Kitami Megumi , Feng Gen-Sheng , Chen Di , Komatsu Yoshihiro 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

Congenital orofacial abnormalities are clinically seen in human syndromes with SHP2 germline mutations such as LEOPARD and Noonan syndrome. Recent studies demonstrate that SHP2-deficiency leads to skeletal abnormalities including scoliosis and cartilaginous benign tumor metachondromatosis, suggesting that growth plate cartilage is a key tissue regulated by SHP2. The role and cellular mechanism of SHP2 in the orofacial cartilage, however, remains unknown. Here, we investigated the postnatal craniofacial development by inducible disruption of Shp2 in chondrocytes. Shp2 conditional knockout (cKO) mice displayed severe deformity of the mandibular condyle accompanied by disorganized, expanded cartilage in the trabecular bone region, enhanced type X collagen, and reduced Erk production. Interestingly, the length of primary cilia, an antenna like organelle sensing environmental signaling, was significantly shortened, and the number of primary cilia was reduced in the cKO mice. The expression levels of intraflagellar transports (IFTs), essential molecules in the assembly and function of primary cilia, were significantly decreased. Taken together, lack of Shp2 in orofacial cartilage led to severe defects of ciliogenesis through IFT reduction, resulting in mandibular condyle malformation and cartilaginous expansion. Our study provides new insights into the molecular pathogenesis of SHP2-deficiency in cartilage and helps to understand orofacial and skeletal manifestations seen in patients with SHP2 mutations. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Blockage of Src by Specific siRNA as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy to Prevent Destructive Repair in Steroid-Associated Osteonecrosis in Rabbits
Authors: Zheng Li-zhen , Cao Hui-juan , Chen Shi-hui , Tang Tao , Fu Wei-min , Huang Le , Chow Dick Ho Kiu , Wang Yi-xiang , Griffith James Francis , He Wei , Zhou Hong , Zhao De-wei , Zhang Ge , Wang Xin-luan , Qin Ling 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

Vascular hyperpermeability and highly upregulated bone resorption in the destructive repair progress of steroid-associated osteonecrosis (SAON) are associated with a high expression of VEGF and high Src activity (Src is encoded by the cellular sarcoma [c-src] gene). This study was designed to prove our hypothesis that blocking the VEGF-Src signaling pathway by specific Src siRNA is able to prevent destructive repair in a SAON rabbit model. Destructive repair in SAON was induced in rabbits. At 2, 4, and 6 weeks after SAON induction, VEGF, anti-VEGF, Src siRNA, Src siRNA+VEGF, control siRNA, and saline were introduced via intramedullary injection into proximal femora for each group, respectively. Vascularization and permeability were quantified by dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI. At week 6 after SAON induction, proximal femurs were dissected for micro–computed tomography (μCT)-based trabecular architecture with finite element analysis (FEA), μCT-based angiography, and histological analysis. Histological evaluation revealed that VEGF enhanced destructive repair, whereas anti-VEGF prevented destructive repair and Src siRNA and Src siRNA+VEGF prevented destructive repair and enhanced reparative osteogenesis. Findings of angiography and histomorphometry were consistent with those determined by DCE MRI. Src siRNA inhibited VEGF-mediated vascular hyperpermeability but preserved VEGF-induced neovascularization. Bone resorption was enhanced in the VEGF group and inhibited in the anti-VEGF, Src siRNA, Src siRNA+VEGF groups as determined by both 3D μCT and 2D histomorphometry. FEA showed higher estimated failure load in the Src siRNA and Src siRNA+VEGF groups when compared to the vehicle control group. Blockage of VEGF-Src signaling pathway by specific Src siRNA was able to prevent steroid-associated destructive repair while improving reconstructive repair in SAON, which might become a novel therapeutic strategy. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Hemodynamic and energetic aspects of the left ventricle in patients with mitral regurgitation before and after mitral valve surgery
Authors: Al‐Wakeel Nadya , Fernandes Joao Filipe , Amiri Aref , Siniawski Henryk , Goubergrits Leonid , Berger Felix , Kuehne Titus 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundThe role of intracardiac blood flow behavior within the context of manifestation and interventional success in patients with mitral regurgitation is unknown to date. The present study aims to assess left ventricular blood flow behavior characterized by kinetic energy (KE) in patients with mitral regurgitation before and after mitral valve surgery.MethodsPatients with mitral regurgitation (mean age 56 ± 9 years) and the necessity for mitral valve repair (n = 6) or biological valve replacement (n = 4) received cardiac magnetic resonance before and after surgery and were compared with a group of healthy volunteers (n = 7; mean age 27 ± 7 years). Volumetric data and KE of the left ventricle were obtained for all subjects. KE normalized and nonnormalized to volume was calculated from four‐dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging. Mean KE and KE peaks (systolic, early‐diastolic and late diastolic), and end‐systolic phase duration were considered.ResultsEnd‐diastolic, end‐systolic and stroke volume were significantly higher in patients with mitral regurgitation than in healthy volunteers (P = 0.00, 0.01, and 0.00, respectively) and decreased significantly after surgery (P = 0.00, 0.01, and 0.00, respectively). A significant postoperative decrease of mean KE, systolic and early‐diastolic KE peaks was observed (P = 0.01, 0.02, and 0.01, respectively). Late‐diastolic KE peak remained high in postoperative patients (P = 0.58).ConclusionIntracardiac blood flow as characterized by measurements of KE is altered in patients with mitral regurgitation. Physiological flow conditions appear to not fully be restored with mitral valve surgery. J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2015;42:1705–1712.
Histogram analysis of apparent diffusion coefficient at 3.0t: Correlation with prognostic factors and subtypes of invasive ductal carcinoma
Authors: Kim Eun Jeong , Kim Sung Hun , Park Ga Eun , Kang Bong Joo , Song Byung Joo , Kim Yun Ju , Lee Dongeon , Ahn Hyunsoo , Kim Inah , Son Yo Han , Grimm Robert 
Published: April 2015

PurposeTo evaluate apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) histogram parameters that show correlations with prognostic factors and subtypes of breast cancer.Materials and MethodsAt 3.0T, various ADC histogram parameters were calculated including the entire tumor volume in 173 invasive ductal carcinomas: the minimum, 10th percentile, mean, median, 90th percentile, and maximum. ADC parameters were correlated with prognostic factors and subtype.ResultsThe mean ADCmedian value was significantly higher in the group with lymph node metastasis, HER2 positivity, and a Ki‐67 value <14% than in the group with negativity for lymph node metastasis, HER2 negativity, and a Ki‐67 value ≥14% (0.907, 0.978, and 0.941 vs. 0.735, 0.778, and 0.761 × 10−3 mm2/s, respectively) (P < 0.01). There was no significant correlation between ADCmedian and tumor size, histologic grade, estrogen receptor expression, and progesterone receptor expression (P = 0.272, 0.113, 0.261, and 0.181, respectively). For most ADC parameters except for ADCmin, the mean of variable ADC parameters of HER2‐positive, luminal A, luminal B‐HER2(+), triple‐negative, and luminal B‐HER2(–) diseases were arranged in descending order (1.175, 0.936, 0.863, 0.811, and 0.665 × 10−3 mm2/s in ADCmedian, respectively) with statistical significant difference (P < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, histologic grade, the Ki‐67 index, and HER2 expression were statistically significant explanatory prognostic factors for ADCmedian and the Ki‐67 index had the most robust effects on ADC parameters (standardized coefficient = –0.317).ConclusionVarious ADC parameters were correlated with prognostic factors and subtype, except for ADCmin. HER2 positivity showed high ADC values and high Ki‐67 index revealed low ADC values. J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2015;42:1666–1678.
Investigation of soil density effect on suction induced due to root water uptake by Schefflera heptaphylla
Authors: Garg Ankit , Ng Charles Wang Wai 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAn increase in soil water suction due to root water uptake is significant for stability of slopes and landfill covers as it increases shear strength of soil by 50%. Coupled effects of soil density changes in soil hydraulic properties [i.e., soil water characteristic curve (SWCC) and hydraulic conductivity] and root characteristics (root depth, vertical root distribution) found in past experimental studies may affect soil water suction, which are not fully understood. The objective of this study is to numerically investigate these coupled effects of soil density by systematically comparing suction profiles under three different scenarios: (1) changes in only soil hydraulic properties, (2) changes in only root characteristics, and (3) changes in both soil properties and root characteristics. Silty sand with two different degrees of compaction (DoC) (i.e., 82% and 89%), which are typically found on man‐made slopes in subtropical regions, is considered. Schefflera heptaphylla is selected as vegetation species, which is commonly used for ecological restoration for man‐made slopes. A laboratory experiment was conducted to quantify suction distribution in silty sand vegetated with Schefflera heptaphylla at DoC of 89%. Vertical root distribution was measured using image analysis, while an axi‐symmetric finite element analysis was conducted to calibrate transpiration rate from measured suction. Root characteristics corresponding to DoC of 82% were then deduced using observations from literature. Richards equation coupled with sink term was numerically solved using Vadose/W to simulate water flow and root uptake on a flat ground (5 m depth, 10 m wide). Soil hydraulic parameters from a completely decomposed granite soil for two different DoCs (82% and 89%) were considered. Simulations assume constant transpiration rate for a period of 10 d. With increase in soil density from DoC of 82% to 89%, computed suction increases by 110% for scenario 1 (only effect on soil hydraulic properties), whereas it decreases by at least 21% for scenarios 2 (only root characteristics) and 3 (coupled effect). Here, a higher unsaturated hydraulic conductivity and a lower actual transpiration rate balance effects of a lower desorption rate of SWCC.
Assessment of soil texture class on agricultural fields using ECa, Amber NDVI, and topographic properties
Authors: Stępień Michał , Samborski Stanisław , Gozdowski Dariusz , Dobers Eike Stefan , Chormański Jarosław , Szatyłowicz Jan 
Published: April 2015

AbstractSoil texture (ST) is relatively stable over time, although it may change due to erosion, clay eluviation, and other processes. Soil texture affects soil quality, productivity and management. Therefore, indirect, accurate methods for assessing of soil texture classes (STCs) are needed in agricultural practice. A study was performed on four production fields in northern and central Poland to compare the fitting performance of STC models based on apparent electrical conductivity (ECa), topographic properties (elevation, slope gradient and wetness index) and Amber NDVI measurements. One common and accurate indicator of STCs was not found for all study fields. On average, ECa was most accurate in indicating areas of different STCs within the fields, but it tended to overestimate the size of sandy areas on loamy fields and vice versa. The accuracy of STC assessment using ECa measurements may be biased due to imperfect soil drainage, high elevations, which increase evaporation and STC variation with depth. STC assessment using Amber NDVI measurements may be useful, particularly on flat and sandy fields, but the results are affected by the same factors as ECa, and additionally by crop growth stages and by the weather conditions in the period preceding the measurements. Despite the good quantitative results of the STC assessment by elevation (one field) and by the topographic wetness index (another field), both terrain attributes failed to accurately indicate the distribution of some STC areas within each field. Therefore, in landscapes developed from deposits of the last glaciation relevant ST differences might not sufficiently be detected by the analysis of terrain attributes alone. The selection of STC predictors and evaluation of the assessment quality must consider both the quantitative indicators such as correlation and determination coefficients describing relationships between ST and ECa, NDVI and topography and percentage of a field area with accurately indicated STC and the distribution of areas with different STCs within a field. The use of ECa, NDVI values, and topographic properties for STC assessment may be useful in reducing costs of soil sampling and analysis, but cannot replace it.
The acquisition of phosphate by higher plants: Effect of carboxylate release by the roots. A critical review.
Authors: Gerke Jörg 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPhosphorus is one of the most limiting macronutrients for plant productivity in agriculture worldwide. The main reasons are the limited rock phosphate reserves and the high affinity of phosphate (P) to the soil solid phase, restricting the P availability to the plant roots. Plants can adapt to soils low in available P by changing morphological or/and physiological root features. Morphological changes include the formation of longer root hairs and a higher root : shoot ratio both parameters increasing the root surface which provides the shoot with P. This may be successful if the P availability in soil, i.e., the P concentration of the soil solution is not extremely low (> 1–2 µM P). If the P concentration of the soil solution is lower, the diffusive flux to the root surface will be very low and may not satisfy the P demand of the shoots. Under these conditions plants have developed strategies to increase the rhizosphere soil solution concentration by secreting mobilizing agents. The most effective way of P mobilization is the release of di‐ and tricarboxylic acid anions, especially oxalate and citrate. Citrate can accumulate in the rhizosphere up to concentrations up to 80 µmol g−1 soil. Cluster root formation is an efficient way of carboxylate accumulation in the cluster root rhizosphere improving P mobilization. Cluster roots strongly improve the acquisition of the mobilized P. Considering a single root, around 80–90% of the mobilized P diffuses away from the root. From the rhizosphere of cluster roots, most of the mobilized P is taken up by the cluster roots. Both, the strong accumulation of carboxylates in and the effective P uptake from the cluster‐root rhizosphere are the basis of the unique ability of P acquisition by cluster root‐forming plants. Plants that do not form cluster roots, e.g., red clover, can also accumulate carboxylates in the rhizosphere. Red clover accumulates high quantities of citrate in the rhizosphere soil. Model calculations show that the release of citrate by red clover roots and its accumulation in the rhizosphere strongly improve P acquisition by this plant species in various soils. Similar results are obtained with alfalfa. In sugar beet, oxalate release can strongly contribute to P acquisition. In summary, P acquisition can be strongly improved by the release of carboxylates and should be taken as a challenge for basic and applied research.
13CMRS of human brain at 7 Tesla using [2‐13C]glucose infusion and low power broadband stochastic proton decoupling
Authors: Li Shizhe , An Li , Yu Shao , Ferraris Araneta Maria , Johnson Christopher S. , Wang Shumin , Shen Jun 
Published: April 2015

PurposeCarbon‐13 (13C) MR spectroscopy (MRS) of the human brain at 7 Tesla (T) may pose patient safety issues due to high radiofrequency (RF) power deposition for proton decoupling. The purpose of present work is to study the feasibility of in vivo 13C MRS of human brain at 7 T using broadband low RF power proton decoupling.MethodsCarboxylic/amide 13C MRS of human brain by broadband stochastic proton decoupling was demonstrated on a 7 T scanner. RF safety was evaluated using the finite‐difference time‐domain method. 13C signal enhancement by nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) and proton decoupling was evaluated in both phantoms and in vivo.ResultsAt 7 T, the peak amplitude of carboxylic/amide 13C signals was increased by a factor of greater than 4 due to the combined effects of NOE and proton decoupling. The 7 T 13C MRS technique used decoupling power and average transmit power of less than 35 watts (W) and 3.6 W, respectively.ConclusionIn vivo 13C MRS studies of human brain can be performed at 7 T, well below the RF safety threshold, by detecting carboxylic/amide carbons with broadband stochastic proton decoupling. Magn Reson Med 75:954–961, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Exact 3D boundary representation in finite element analysis based on Cartesian grids independent of the geometry
Authors: Marco Onofre , Sevilla Ruben , Zhang Yongjie , Ródenas Juan José , Tur Manuel 
Published: April 2015

SummaryThis paper proposes a novel Immersed Boundary Method where the embedded domain is exactly described by using its Computer‐Aided Design (CAD) boundary representation with Non‐Uniform Rational B‐Splines (NURBS) or T‐splines. The common feature with other immersed methods is that the current approach substantially reduces the burden of mesh generation. In contrast, the exact boundary representation of the embedded domain allows to overcome the major drawback of existing immersed methods that is the inaccurate representation of the physical domain. A novel approach to perform the numerical integration in the region of the cut elements that is internal to the physical domain is presented and its accuracy and performance evaluated using numerical tests. The applicability, performance, and optimal convergence of the proposed methodology is assessed by using numerical examples in three dimensions. It is also shown that the accuracy of the proposed methodology is independent on the CAD technology used to describe the geometry of the embedded domain. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrochemical Nanoparticle Sizing Via Nano‐Impacts: How Large a Nanoparticle Can be Measured?
Authors: Bartlett Thomas R. , Sokolov Stanislav V. , Compton Richard G. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe field of nanoparticle (NP) sizing encompasses a wide array of techniques, with electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering (DLS) having become the established methods for NP quantification; however, these techniques are not always applicable. A new and rapidly developing method that addresses the limitations of these techniques is the electrochemical detection of NPs in solution. The ‘nano‐impacts’ technique is an excellent and qualitative in situ method for nanoparticle characterization. Two complementary studies on silver and silver bromide nanoparticles (NPs) were used to assess the large radius limit of the nano‐impact method for NP sizing. Noting that by definition a NP cannot be larger than 100 nm in diameter, we have shown that the method quantitatively sizes at the largest limit, the lower limit having been previously reported as ∼6 nm.
Critical Ethnographic Analysis of “Doing Good” on Short‐Term International Immersion Experiences
Authors: Elliot Michelle L. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractReciprocal partnerships are growing alongside the rise of international learning and “doing” experiences for students and clinicians. This paper questions how global citizenship, the acquisition of awareness and skills to sensitively navigate through a rapidly globalized social world, is cultivated amidst international partnerships focused on short‐term immersion opportunities. Using an ethnographic methodology to examine the experiences of occupational therapy students abroad, this paper addresses the potential for competing agendas when the motivation to participate within these partnerships is driven in part by a desire to “do good.” The empirical lens was directed towards the students' verbal, written and enacted narratives rather than the sociocultural realm of the sending institution, the host organization or the occupational realities of the local communities, therefore is limited in discursive scope. Nevertheless, the need is great for further critical appraisal of objectives and expectations by all parties to foster a partnership culture of reciprocity and equality and to diminish the neocolonial legacy of Western expertise dissemination. By examining how the stated and implied desire to do good exists alongside the risk to do harm to individuals and international networks, the conclusions can be extended locally to highlight the challenges to “partnering up” between clinicians and patients. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.