bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypercoagulability in Cushing's syndrome: prevalence, pathogenesis and treatment
Authors: van der Pas R. , Leebeek F.W.G. , Hofland L.J. , de Herder W.W. , Feelders R.A. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryCushing's syndrome is not only accompanied by an increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease but also by a hypercoagulable state that is reflected by an increased incidence of venous thromboembolism. Overall, patients with CS have been reported to have a more than 10‐fold increased risk of developing venous thromboembolism. Moreover, the incidence of postoperative thrombosis has been shown to be comparable to the risk after major orthopaedic surgery. Hypercoagulability in CS is due to both increased production of procoagulant factors with activation of the coagulation cascade and an impaired fibrinolytic capacity, resulting in a shortened activated partial thromboplastin time and an increased clot lysis time respectively.Although these abnormalities seem to improve 1 year following successful surgery, they do not yet normalize. Therefore, sustained biochemical remission might be required to fully resolve the hypercoagulable state in CS.Considering the risk of venous thromboembolism in uncontrolled CS there may be a rationale to give patients with active CS thromboprophylaxis. So far this seems warranted following surgical interventions. However, further studies are needed to determine the optimal dosage and duration of thromboprophylaxis.
Adhesion and biologic behavior of human periodontal fibroblast cells to resin ionomer Geristore: a comparative analysis
Authors: Gupta Saurabh Kumar , Saxena Payal , Pant Vandana Aditya , Pant Aditya Bhushan 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimThe resin ionomer Geristore, originally designed for restorative procedures, has been used extensively in treating subgingival defects (such as root resorption and perforations) and as a retrofilling material. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cell adhesion as well as in vitro biocompatibility of human periodontal fibroblast cells with resin ionomer Geristore in comparison with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and glass ionomer cement (GIC).Material and methodAdhesion, growth, and morphology of human periodontal fibroblasts over test materials were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Biocompatibility was assessed by 3‐(4, 5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2, 5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide salt (MTT) assay.ResultsCompared to glass coverslips, cells grew and spread qualitatively better over the surface of Geristore in comparison with the other test materials. In vitro interpretation indicates that Geristore is significantly less cytotoxic to human periodontal ligament cells. Results of statistical analysis revealed that material extracts had significant effect on cell proliferation at both 24 h (F = 547.62, P < 0.05) and at 48 h (F = 6048.18, P < 0.05).ConclusionOur study supports that Geristore has enhanced biologic behavior to human periodontal ligament cells and superior biocompatibility in comparison with MTA and GIC, so it can be suggested as a material of choice in root resorption, perforations, and root‐end filling.
Study Abroad and Language Learning
Authors: Howard Martin , Vidal Carmen Pérez 
Published: November 2012

AbstractFolk LinguisticsThe AILA Research Network on Folk Linguistics, convened by Antje Wilton (University of Siegen, Germany) and Martin Stegu (Vienna University of Economics and Business), held a very successful thematic session at the Soliolinguistics Symposium 19 in Berlin. We were very pleased to have our session approved – especially as the Sociolinguistics Symposium has grown into a large and internationally renowned platform for sociolinguists around the world. The call for papers invited contributions on our session topic, Folk linguistics and society: People's ideas about language use and social identity, and was met with an overwhelming response of 35 submissions. Eventually, we managed to hear 19 of them in a tight schedule extending over three days of the entire conference. The papers presented research on non‐linguists' perceptions of language in the formation of social identity from various regions of the world and stressed the necessity of taking such views into account in any situation in which decisions about language are made, such as language teaching and language policy and planning. The session finished with a discussion on folk linguistic issues to which we were able to welcome Prof. Dennis Preston, one of the great figures in and founders of folk linguistics and valued member of our network. Both the paper presentations as well as the final discussion attracted a large and interested audience throughout the session. The session showed clearly that folk linguistic research, its interest and its methodologies have firmly established themselves among the approaches in sociolinguistics as well as applied linguistics. Furthermore, it testifies to the successful work of the Research Network over the last seven years.
The dynamic response of a fluid‐filled borehole under a normal point load on the free surface
Authors: Ionov Andrei M. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTThe dynamic response of a semi‐infinite fluid‐filled borehole embedded in an elastic half‐space under a concentrated normal surface load is analysed in the long‐wavelength limit. The solution of the problem is obtained with integral transforms in the form of a double integral with respect to the slowness and frequency. The partial P‐ and SV‐wave responses are further transformed to path integrals along Cagniard paths in the complex slowness plane. Unlike the traditional Cagniard‐de Hoop technique based on the Laplace transform of time dependence, this paper is based on the Fourier transform. The tube‐wave response is presented as a causal integral over a slowness range. The resultant representation in the time‐domain is suitable for the numerical evaluation of the complete response in the fluid‐filled borehole, especially at large distances.Asymptotic analysis of seismic phases arising in the borehole is performed on the basis of the obtained solution. The complete asymptotic wavefield consists in P‐ and SV‐waves, the Rayleigh wave and the low‐frequency Stoneley (tube) wave. Pressure synthetics obtained by the use of the asymptotic formulas are shown to be in good agreement with straightforward calculations.
Dynamic viscoelastic study on the gelation of basil seed gum
Authors: Rafe Ali , Razavi Seyed M. A. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryOscillatory measurements were used to investigate the effect of temperature and concentration on the viscoelastic and gelling properties of basil seed gum (BSG). Linear viscoelastic region was determined by strain sweep and it was found in 0.5% strain. Storage modulus (G′) was greater than loss modulus (G″) in all concentrations and they increased by improving BSG concentration. Yield stress value was determined by stress sweep and it increased from 1.40 to 7.47 Pa when BSG concentration increased from 1% to 3%. Frequency sweep showed BSG solution was a typical weak gel, and complex viscosity (η*) had linear correlation with frequency. The effect of temperature on gel forming was investigated during heating (20–90 °C) and cooling (90–20 °C) phases. BSG was characterised as a thermo‐reversible gel and did not have thermal hysteresis. Gelling temperature was raised as BSG concentration was increased. Exhibiting special rheological properties of BSG makes it as a proper synergistic gel, which can be applied in real food systems such as dairy desserts.
Difficult venepuncture – it was all in the head!
Authors: Badami K. G. , Chalmers I. , Soule S. , Walkden D. 
Published: November 2012

SUMMARYAimTo emphasise the importance of careful observations and demonstrate that significant conditions may, on occasion, be detected during blood donation.BackgroundVenepunctures, the bread and butter of blood donor services, can be difficult procedures. We describe an unusual presentation of a relatively rare disease detected during routine blood donations because of difficult venepunctures.MethodsCase report.ResultsA growth hormone‐secreting pituitary adenoma was diagnosed, and successfully treated, following the initial observation of hard‐to‐puncture skin during blood donations.ConclusionsSeemingly trivial abnormalities may prove clinically important. One presentation of acromegaly is hard‐to‐puncture skin.
Seed germination requirements of Trembleya laniflora (Melastomataceae), an endemic species from neotropical montane rocky savannas
Authors: Rodrigues Elis R.S. , Silveira Fernando A.O. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractTrembleya laniflora is an endemic shrub from neotropical montane rocky savannas of southeastern Brazil. It has been indicated as a potential candidate for ecological restoration of abandoned iron‐ore mines due to heavy metal accumulation. Here, we evaluated the seed germination requirements of T. laniflora. Seeds collected in 2005 and 2008 were set to germinate under a broad range of temperature and light conditions. Seed viability was estimated by dissecting seeds under a dissecting microscope for embryo presence/absence. Seeds were photoblastic and optimum temperature range was 20–25°C, coinciding with the onset of the rainy season. Seeds were viable after 42 months of storage, which together with small seeds that easily get buried and light requirement for germination suggest formation of soil seed banks. Except the large fraction of embryoless seeds, almost all tested seeds germinated when incubated under light conditions; therefore, T. laniflora should be regarded to have nondormant seeds. Easiness of burial resulting from small seed size and positive photoblastism may both contribute to incorporation into soil seed banks. Our data suggest that the long‐term storage of T. laniflora seeds provides a useful strategy for plant reintroduction.
Preoperative serum sodium is associated with cancer‐specific survival in patients with upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma treated by nephroureterectomy
Authors: Fujita Kazutoshi , Tanigawa Go , Imamura Ryoichi , Nakagawa Masahiro , Hayashi Takuji , Kishimoto Nozomu , Hosomi Masahiro , Yamaguchi Seiji 
Published: November 2012

ObjectivesTo assess the impact of preoperative serum sodium concentration on the prognosis of patients with upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma treated by nephroureterectomy.MethodsThe clinical records of 139 patients treated for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma by nephroureterectomy were retrospectively reviewed. Recurrence‐free and cancer‐specific survival curves were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method, with the difference between curves evaluated using the log–rank test. A multivariate analysis was carried out by Cox's proportional hazard model to identify prognostic factors.ResultsThe median (range) follow‐up time was 27 (1–139) months. The median (range) preoperative serum sodium was 141 (134–147) mEq/L. Five‐year cancer‐specific survival estimates for patients above and below the median preoperative serum sodium were 81.7% (95% confidence interval: 68.7–89.7) and 50.6% (95% confidence interval: 30.3–67.8), respectively. In the multivariate analysis, preoperative sodium concentration, pathological T stage, and lymphovascular invasion were independent and significant prognostic factors for cancer‐specific survival. A prognostic model of risk classification for cancer‐specific survival involving these parameters was developed, and 5‐year cancer‐specific survival estimates were 29.9% (95% confidence interval: 14.5–47.0) for the poor risk group (hazard ratio 19.95 [95% confidence interval: 8.5–46.6]; P < 0.001), 81.6% (95% confidence interval: 55.2–93.3) for the intermediate risk group (hazard ratio 5.70 [95% confidence interval: 1.27–25.5]; P = 0.022) and 97.9% (95% confidence interval 85.9–99.7) for the favorable risk group.ConclusionThese findings suggest for the first time that a low preoperative sodium level predicts a poor survival in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma patients treated by nephroureterectomy.
Low Altitude Aerial Photography Applications for Digital Surface Models Creation in Archaeology
Authors: Martínez‐del‐Pozo José‐Ángel , Cerrillo‐Cuenca Enrique , Salas‐Tovar Ernesto 
Published: November 2012

AbstractLow Altitude Aerial Photography (LAAP) is based on the use of small flying platforms to take photographs from very low altitudes. The acquisition of series of Digital Surface Models (DSMs) and orthoimages through photogrammetric and orthorectification processes is one of the main applications. The use of this technique in archaeological sites provides very precise and valuable data, but knowing the reliability of the method is a key to ensuring that the results are valid, since the repeatability of the method is fundamental to multitemporal studies. The present work shows an analysis of the similarity of DSMs obtained from different stereoscopic pairs from the same area. The reliability of the models has been assessed by calculating the Standard Deviation (STD) of the altitude values from the models, to obtain maps displaying the differences among them. Finally, the STD values' spatial distribution has been studied to assess if spatial autocorrelation exists by means of the Moran's Index and Anselin's Local Moran's Index. Results showed good similarity among the models and revealed clearly those areas where the model must be edited.
Euroscepticism as a Persistent Phenomenon*
Authors: USHERWOOD SIMON , STARTIN NICK 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn the two decades since the emergence of the European Union at Maastricht there has been a concerted attempt to build a European political space, typified by the debates on constitutionalization and democratization. Much less noticed, but no less important, has been the mobilization of publics, interest groups and political parties against the integration process. In the light of the failure to realize the Laeken objectives, the stabilization of an anti‐integration bloc in the European Parliament, recurrent ‘no’ votes in national referendums and the emergence of an increasingly co‐ordinated movement of critical interest groups, it is argued in this article that this opposition has become embedded and persistent, at both European and national levels. This will have considerable consequences for the Union itself and the way it has chosen to largely ignore sceptical voices to date.
Does Anticipated Information Impose a Cost on Risk‐Averse Investors? A Test of the Hirshleifer Effect
Authors: BALL RYAN T. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper theoretically and empirically investigates how the risk of future adverse price changes created by the anticipated arrival of information influences risk‐averse investors’ trading decisions in institutionally imperfect capital markets. Specifically, I examine how the selling activity of individual investors immediately following an earnings announcement is influenced by the tradeoff between risk‐sharing benefits of immediate trade and explicit transaction costs imposed on such trades. Consistent with my theoretically derived predictions, I find that investors’ current trading decisions are less sensitive to the incremental transaction costs created by short‐term capital gains taxes on trading profits, as both the duration and intensity of the risk of future adverse price changes increase. This evidence is consistent with an incremental cost to investors that results from the revelation of precise information, which is commonly referred to as the Hirshleifer Effect.
Blood–brain barrier, epileptogenesis, and treatment strategies in cortical dysplasia
Authors: Kaya Mehmet , Becker Albert J. , Gürses Candan 
Published: November 2012

SummaryCortical dysplasia (CD) is one of the most important causes of intractable epilepsy. The precise mechanisms of epileptogenesis in CD are not known. Using CD animal models, we attempted to understand the mechanisms and efficacy of various antiepileptic drugs. In two separate studies, we assessed (1) the effects of levetiracetam (LEV) and vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) on pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)–kindled rats, and (2) the effects of LEV and topiramate (TPM) on rats with CD and hyperthermia (HT). In the HT‐induced rats with CD study, LEV and TPM decreased both the intensity of seizures and the number of rats with seizure. In these studies, we used immunocytochemistry (occludin, glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP], and P‐glycoprotein [Pgp antibodies] and electron microscopy (EM) (sodium fluorescein [NaFlu]) and horseradish peroxidase [HRP]) to assess blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity. Both LEV and TPM protected BBB. In PTZ‐ kindled rats with CD, both LEV and VNS reduced the duration of seizures. Immunocytochemistry and EM revealed no BBB impairment in any of the treatment groups. In a second set of experiments, we assessed the relationship between disruption of vascular components and epileptogenesis. Astrocytic albumin uptake in focal epileptogenic lesions with vascular components suggested that dysfunction of the BBB contributes immediately to epileptogenesis, rather than simply resulting from seizure activity. Hemosiderin deposits were seen as potential epileptogenic triggers in vascular malformations (e.g., cavernomas [CA] or arteriovenous malformations [AVMs] with or without a dysplastic cortical component). However, we found strikingly high accumulation of astrocytic albumin deposits in surgically removed brain parenchyma in the vicinity of CAs and AVMs from patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy, which suggests different pathophysiologic dispersion pathways for hemosiderin and albumin in vascular lesions.
Simplified Technique for Orbital Prosthesis Fabrication: A Clinical Report
Authors: Veerareddy Chandrika , Nair K. Chandrasekharan , Reddy G. Ramaswamy 
Published: November 2012

AbstractLoss of orbital content can cause functional impairment, disfigurement of the face, and psychological distress. Rehabilitation of an orbital defect is a complex task, and if reconstruction by plastic surgery is not possible or not desired by the patient, the defect can be rehabilitated by an orbital prosthesis. The prosthetic rehabilitation in such cases depends on the precisely retained, user‐friendly removable maxillofacial prosthesis. Many times, making an impression of the orbital area with an accurate record of surface details can be a difficult procedure. The critical areas are making a facial moulage, mold preparation, and attaching the retention device, particularly when eyeglass frames are used. This case focuses on these hindrance factors. A simple basket was used for the impression tray to obtain the facial moulage. A putty mold was used, and attachment of the prosthesis to a retention device was accomplished with positional distance. This method proves to be an economical and simple way of making an orbital prosthesis.
Chicken Soup for the Out‐of‐Step Scholar's Soul
Authors: Callahan Gene , Leeson Peter T. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis paper argues that the long‐standing predominance of a particular approach to science neither makes it uniquely scientific nor superior to rival approaches. To do so it examines the dominant scientific explanation of the 17th and early 18th centuries: the mechanical philosophy. The mechanical philosophy episode demonstrates the fragility of even the most entrenched scientific wisdoms and provides encouragement for out‐of‐step scholars everywhere.
Beyond Kelly Green Golf Shoes: Evaluating the Demand for Scholarship of Free‐Market and Mainstream Economists
Authors: Clark J. R. , Miller‐Wilford Jennifer , Stringham Edward Peter 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe evaluate statistics from the Social Science Research Network (SSRN) to see how much free‐market economists are being read and ranked compared with mainstream economists. We find that under various rankings using SSRN data, the top free‐market economists rank among the most‐read authors in the economics profession.
Insecticidal effect on a population ofSpilarctia obliqua(Lepidoptera:Arctiidae)
Authors: Ansari M. Shafiq , Ali Haidar , Shafqat Shazia 
Published: November 2012

AbstractSurvivors ofSpilarctia obliquaderived from 3rdinstars that had ingestedLC50of imidacloprid (0.025%), dichlorvos (0.014%) and endosulfan (0.012%) were studied through the life table method. Survivorship was reduced in insecticide exposed populations as compared to 45‐day in the control groups. Egg hatching was significantly decreased for the insecticide treated populations. Total larval mortality was the highest for endosulfan (36.76%) as compared to the individuals that died among control groups (14.29%). Life expectancy (ex) was decreased gradually over time and stage of development for insecticides tested and the control groups. Dichlorvos (0.014%) has caused a significant reduction in the potential fecundity i.e. 315 females/female/generation, while 415 in the unexposed cohorts. Net reproductive rate (Ro) was the lowest in endosulfan (118.47 females/female/generation) treatment followed by dichlorvos (141.97), imidacloprid (144.49) and the control groups (272.42). Similarly, the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was substantially decreased after exposure with endosulfan (0.124 females/female/day) as compared to 0.135 in the unexposed cohort. The finite rate of increase (λ) was not significantly different among the insecticide treatments and control groups. Mean generation time was significantly reduced after exposure to dichlorvos (37.19 days). However, 41.34 days were required to complete one generation byS. obliquain the absence of insecticides. Based on these results, population ofS. obliquawould double in 5.19 days under the influence of dichlorvos while requiring 5.13 days for unexposed cohorts.
Storage and wastage of drug products in Jordanian households: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Abushanab Amani S , Sweileh Waleed M , Wazaify Mayyada 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveAppropriate household storage and use of drug products can reduce drug wastage and unnecessary hazards. We aimed to quantify the amounts and types of medications that were stored in Jordanian households and the extent of drug wastage in terms of the amount and cost of these medications.MethodsThe setting was households in Amman, Jordan. This was a cross-sectional survey study using a pre-piloted questionnaire. Family members were interviewed in person about use of drug products, and where drug products were stored. The main outcomes were types, storage methods, cost and quantities of drug products in every household.Key findingsTwo hundred and forty-three households were approached, out of which 219 agreed to participate. A total of 2393 (mean 10.9, SD 5.2) drug products were recorded from the 219 households surveyed. A significant positive correlation was noted between the number of drug products in a household and family size (r = 0.19, P &lt; 0.01), the level of the mother's education (r = 0.24, P &lt; 0.01), the level of the father's education (r = 0.28, P &lt; 0.01) and income (r = 0.14, P = 0.034). Eighty nine (40.6%) households had at least one child younger than 6 years of age, and 1122 (46.9%) drug products were stored in unsafe places in the houses, within the reach of children. More than a quarter of drug products (1509, 27.2%) were not in their original containers, 360 (15%) were unused since dispensing, 261 (10.9%) had expired and 44 (1.8%) had no clear expiry date. We estimated that the cost of drug wastage in the 219 households was US$5414. Paracetamol (202, 8.4%), diclofenac (98, 4.1%) and amoxicillin (79, 3.3%) were the most commonly reportedly stored individual drugs.ConclusionDrug products are stored in large quantities in Jordanian households. Unsafe storage practices have the potential to pose safety hazards, especially to children.