bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shear strengthening of reinforced concrete beams using epoxy bonded steel plates, CFRP sheets and externally anchored stirrups
Authors: Minh Ha , Mutsuyoshi Hiroshi 
Published: December 2014

This research presents the effectiveness of different shear strengthening methods using epoxy bonded steel plates, steel strips, carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) sheets and externally anchored stirrups for enhancing the shear strength of RC beams. In this study, an experimental program including two series of twelve specimens was carried out to investigate the behavior of RC beams strengthened with the above methods. Further, a numerical analysis using finite element method (FEM) was performed to simulate the behavior of strengthened beams. The effectiveness of using epoxy bonded steel plates, CFRP sheets and externally anchored stirrups for shear strengthening of RC beams is confirmed through both numerical and experimental results.
Stability of non-localized responses for damaging materials
Authors: Pham K. , Marigo J. J. 
Published: December 2014

This work is devoted to the analysis of the stability of the homogeneous states of a bar made of a brittle strain softening material submitted to a tensile loading. We distinguish two types of damage models: local damage models and gradient damage models. We show that a local damage model necessarily leads to the unstability of the homogeneous response once the first damage threshold is reached. On the contrary, in the case of a gradient damage model, viewed as a regularization of the underlying local model, the homogeneous damage states of “sufficiently small" bars are stable.
On the design of an optimum active mass-spring-inverted pendulum dynamic vibration absorber for the inverted pendulum type structure
Authors: Sang Nguyen Chi , Thang Nguyen Cao 
Published: December 2014

A Dynamic Vibration Absorber (DVA) is appropriate equipment for vibration control in many kinds of engineering. In general, there are two main types of DVAs: the passive DVAs and the active DVAs. The paper presents a design of an active mass-spring-inverted pendulum DVA for the inverted pendulum type structure in case the external force is white noise process. The design is based on the optimum passive DVA as carried out in [4] and apply the optimum control force by minimizing the performance index. Numerical simulation which is done for an inverted pendulum structure in the ocean in three cases without DVA, with passive DVA, with active DVA shows that the active DVA is better than the passive one.
Stationary values of the transmission ratio of the planar fourbar
Authors: Wittenburg J. 
Published: December 2014

The transmission ratio of the planar fourbar, i.e. the ratio of the angular velocities of input link and output link, is a function of the input angle. Freudenstein [1] showed how to calculate stationary values of the transmission ratio. In the present paper a new method is described. Like Freudenstein’s method it results in a sixth-order polynomial equation.
On shakedown and ratchetting of conforming frictional systems
Authors: Ciavarella M. 
Published: December 2014

Conforming contact is found on many important areas: materials with cracks, inclusions, layered structures, pinned geometries, etc. Coulomb friction is non-associative i.e. does not satisfy Drucker’s postulates for stability in plasticity theory, and this does not permit to use the classical Melan and Koiter theorems for cyclic loading which however remain obvious necessary conditions. On the other hand, the Coulomb friction cone has a peculiarity, its linear self-similarity, and this permits few general results, quite different but also powerful. For example, we show that for conforming contact, the Bree interaction diagram is open and sectors-shaped, and therefore there is no lower and upper bounds as in plasticity, since there is linear dependence on a load parameter \(\lambda\), and not a limit on \(\lambda\). As there is dependence on initial conditions in general, the Bree diagram doesn’t have the same profound meaning as in plasticity, since multiple steady states are possible. However, there is a complete scaling of the possible states (elastic shakedown, cyclic slip, ratchetting) with load factor \(\lambda\), and hence a worst-scenario can be defined. However, in order to develop residual stresses (which generally will take many cycles of steady cyclic loading), the load cannot go to zero, at least for friction coefficient below the critical value for "wedging". More in general, there needs to be a "permanent stick region" in the steady state.Almost conforming contacts, and in particular, in the case of initial interference, loose the independence on \(\lambda\) at low \(\lambda\) only, but "gain" greater possibilities to develop residual stresses. However, their study can be greatly simplified by developing a master curve approach to study the dependence on \(\lambda\). The theorems can also be considered the extension to cyclic loadings of the Dundurs results for conforming contacts under monotonic loading, in which case the contact area doesn’t vary in time and hence the problem is linear (from which the denomination "receding contacts"). However, here the problems remain fully non-linear, and the contact are not in general receding, nor there is a unique steady state, not even in the case of proportional loading. In the latter case it is nevertheless possible to derive some special results.
Effects of Integrating Mowing and Imazapyr Application on African Rue (Peganum harmala) and Native Perennial Grasses
Authors: Johnson Dustin D. , Davies Kirk W. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAfrican rue is a poisonous, perennial forb that readily invades salt-desert shrub and sagebrush-steppe rangelands. Information detailing options for integrated management of African rue is lacking. To date, a few studies have researched the efficacy of different herbicides for controlling African rue, but none have investigated integrated approaches to its management. Broadcast applications of imazapyr at three rates (0.275, 0.55, and 0.85 kg ae ha−1) were made, with and without a prior mowing treatment, to African rue when it was in full bloom. Imazapyr resulted in significant reductions in both the cover and density of African rue, regardless of application rate or mowing treatment (P < 0.05). Mowing had no effect on African rue cover or density (P > 0.05). Higher rates of imazapyr resulted in significant reductions in the cover of native perennial bunchgrasses (P < 0.05), whereas the low rate did not affect perennial grass cover, regardless of mowing treatment (P > 0.05). Integrating a mowing treatment with imazapyr applications was less effective for controlling African rue than applying herbicide alone. Mowing before imazapyr application did not increase survival of perennial grasses. Our results suggest that the recommended rate of imazapyr for controlling African rue (0.85 kg ae ha−1) could be reduced by as much as one-third on dry floodplain ecological sites within the northern Great Basin without comprising its effectiveness for controlling African rue. This lower rate would reduce nontarget damage to native perennial grasses, which are the dominant functional group in the herbaceous understory. Less damage to native perennial grasses would probably accelerate understory recovery and help prevent invasion by other invasive species.
Effects of Aminocyclopyrachlor Herbicide on Downy Brome (Bromus tectorum) Seed Production under Field Conditions
Authors: Ball Daniel A. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPrevious research has shown that pyridine growth regulator herbicides can affect seed production in annual grasses including downy brome, Japanese brome, wheat, and other cereal grain crops. Aminocyclopyrachlor is a pyridine carboxylic acid growth regulator herbicide that has recently been registered for broadleaf weed and brush control in nonagricultural areas, which may help facilitate release of native perennial grasses in native plant restoration sites. The influence of aminocyclopyrachlor on downy brome seed production was evaluated at multiple application rates and timings under controlled field conditions. The effect of aminocyclopyrachlor on seed production was compared with aminopyralid, another pyridine growth regulator herbicide. When applied to downy brome plants in the early vegetative stage (EPOST) at approximately 580 growing degree days (GDD), aminocyclopyrachlor at 320 g ae ha−1 reduced seed germination by 50 to 88% in the first and second study years, respectively. Aminopyralid reduced seed germination by 94% in the first study year, but only 20% in the second year. When applied to downy brome plants in the early heading stage at approximately 1,235 GDD (LPOST), aminocyclopyrachlor at 320 g ae ha−1 reduced seed germination by 100% both years. Aminopyralid reduced seed germination by 95% in the first year, and 81% in the second year. Other than the observed reduction in seed germination, herbicides did not produce any visible changes in downy brome aboveground plant growth or development. Because downy brome seeds are relatively short-lived in soil, aminocyclopyrachlor and aminopyralid applications to downy brome–infested rangelands and other natural areas could result in reductions in downy brome population densities over time. No published data exist on the effect of aminocyclopyrachlor on seed production of desirable perennial grasses in natural ecosystems, thereby suggesting the need for further research.
Introduced North American Black Henbane (Hyoscyamus niger) Populations are Biennial
Authors: Fettig Christa E. , Hufbauer Ruth A. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBlack henbane can be either annual or biennial. We investigated which life cycle is found in four introduced western North American populations. Plants were grown in a greenhouse common garden until half were vernalized by exposure to natural winter temperatures, while the other half remained in the greenhouse above 20 C, with 16 h of light and 8 h of dark. In total the plants were monitored 313 d after germination. We measured whether plants bolted, the time it took for bolting to commence, and the size at bolting. All vernalized plants bolted after 117 d of active growth (within 26 d of the end of the vernalization treatment), whereas only 26% of the nonvernalized plants bolted after an average of 278 d of active growth. Vernalized plants bolted at a smaller size than the nonvernalized plants that bolted (28 vs. 41 leaves on average). In the nonvernalized plants, the relationship between time to bolting and size was strong, but not so with the vernalized plants. Our results indicate that introduced black henbane plants are biennial, and that vernalization is more critical to bolting and flowering than reaching a certain size. Nonetheless, the fact that nonvernalized plants were capable of bolting if grown long enough suggests that vernalization is not the only cue that can trigger reproduction in introduced populations.
Models of Invasion and Establishment for African Mustard (Brassica tournefortii)
Authors: Berry Kristin H. , Gowan Timothy A. , Miller David M. , Brooks Matthew L. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIntroduced exotic plants can drive ecosystem change. We studied invasion and establishment ofBrassica tournefortii(African mustard), a noxious weed, in the Chemehuevi Valley, western Sonoran Desert, California. We used long-term data sets of photographs, transects for biomass of annual plants, and densities of African mustard collected at irregular intervals between 1979 and 2009. We suggest that African mustard may have been present in low numbers along the main route of travel, a highway, in the late 1970s; invaded the valley along a major axial valley ephemeral stream channel and the highway; and by 2009, colonized 22 km into the eastern part of the valley. We developed predictive models for invasibility and establishment of African mustard. Both during the initial invasion and after establishment, significant predictor variables of African mustard densities were surficial geology, proximity to the highway and axial valley ephemeral stream channel, and number of small ephemeral stream channels. The axial valley ephemeral stream channel was the most vulnerable of the variables to invasions. Overall, African mustard rapidly colonized and quickly became established in naturally disturbed areas, such as stream channels, where geological surfaces were young and soils were weakly developed. Older geological surfaces (e.g., desert pavements with soils 140,000 to 300,000 years old) were less vulnerable. Microhabitats also influenced densities of African mustard, with densities higher under shrubs than in the interspaces. As African mustard became established, the proportional biomass of native winter annual plants declined. Early control is important because African mustard can colonize and become well established across a valley in 20 yr.
North-East, North-Central, Mid-Atlantic United States and Southern Canada: Japanese Hedgeparsley (Torilis japonica)—A New Invasive Species in the United States?
Authors: DiTommaso Antonio , Darbyshire Stephen J. , Marschner Caroline A. , Averill Kristine M. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractJapanese hedgeparsley is an annual (or sometimes biennial) forb introduced from Eurasia and found throughout much of the eastern United States and parts of extreme southern Canada. In North America, Japanese hedgeparsley is commonly found in ruderal habitats, such as roadsides, railroad rights-of-way, forest edges, and urban waste spaces. This species has not yet been listed as a noxious invasive, but its expanding populations have caused concern in several Midwestern states. The primary threat from Japanese hedgeparsley is its vigorous growth habit, which creates dense patches, and its dispersal ability, facilitated by its clinging, burr-like fruits. Some confusion on identification exists within theTorilisgenus, with similar species (particularlyT. arvensis) frequently misidentified in herbaria and the literature. Here, we review aspects of the etymology, taxonomy, biology, distribution, and management of Japanese hedgeparsley with the objective of increasing awareness of the potential threat posed by this species and its closely related congeners.
Risk factors for perioperative death in dogs undergoing splenectomy for splenic masses: 539 cases (2001–2012)
Authors: Wendelburg Kristin M. , O'Toole Therese E. , McCobb Emily , Price Lori Lyn , Lyons Jeremiah A. , Berg John 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Objective—To determine the perioperative mortality rate, causes of death, and risk factors for perioperative death in dogs undergoing splenectomy for splenic mass lesions.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—539 dogs.
Procedures—Medical records of dogs that underwent splenectomy for known splenic masses were reviewed. Perioperative mortality rate and causes of death were determined. Associations between potential prognostic factors and perioperative death were evaluated by multivariable logistic regression analysis.
Results—41 of 539 (7.6%) dogs died during the perioperative period. Thrombotic and coagulopathic syndromes and uncontrolled bleeding from metastatic lesions were the most common causes of death. Of the variables selected for multivariable analysis, platelet count at admission, whether PCV at admission was < 30%, and development of ventricular arrhythmias during surgery were significantly associated with outcome. For each decrease in platelet count of 10,000 platelets/μL, odds of death increased by approximately 6%. For dogs with PCV < 30%, odds of death were approximately twice those for dogs with PCV ≥ 30%, and for dogs that developed intraoperative arrhythmias, odds of death were approximately twice those for dogs that did not.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Marked preoperative thrombocytopenia or anemia and development of intraoperative ventricular arrhythmias were identified as risk factors for perioperative death in dogs with splenic masses. The risk of death may be limited by efforts to prevent thrombotic and coagulopathic syndromes and to control all sources of intra-abdominal hemorrhage.
Diagnosis and treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia in a bat-eared fox (Otocyon megalotis)
Authors: Nevitt Benjamin N. , Langan Jennifer N. , Adkesson Michael J. , Landolfi Jennifer A. , Wilson Rand 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Case Description—Severe lymphocytosis and leukocytosis were detected during examination of a 10-year-old sexually intact male bat-eared fox (Otocyon megalotis) with regionally extensive alopecia.
Clinical Findings—A CBC revealed severe leukocytosis (39,100 leukocytes/μL) and marked lymphocytosis (90%). A blood smear consisted predominantly of intermediate-sized lymphocytes and few large lymphocytes, with mild to moderate nuclear atypia. These findings were highly suggestive of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Cytologic evaluation of bone marrow aspirates revealed no evidence of overt malignancy, with 10% of all cells identified as small to intermediate-sized mature lymphocytes.
Treatment and Outcome—Treatment with chlorambucil and prednisone administered orally over a 1.8-year period decreased the leukocyte and lymphocyte counts to within reference intervals with no adverse effects. Although repeated flow cytometry revealed evidence of residual disease, the fox remained free of clinical disease, and WBC counts were within reference intervals for this species. At 22 months after initial evaluation, the fox was euthanized because of debilitating arthritis. No evidence of CLL was detected grossly or histologically during necropsy.
Clinical Relevance—To the authors’ knowledge, this was the first report of CLL in a bat-eared fox and first successful treatment in a nondomestic carnivore. Treatment in accordance with a chemotherapeutic protocol successfully resolved the leukocytosis and lymphocytosis with no serious adverse effects. Description of this fox and the treatment protocol should provide a valuable reference for future cases in this and other nondomestic canine species.
Suburbia’s Alien Reek: Contract and Relation in John Cheever’sBullet Park
Authors: George Joseph 
Published: December 2014

Abstract:Since its establishment in the waning years of World War II, the US post-war suburb has connoted inauthenticity and conformity. But the understanding of authenticity implicit in this characterization presupposes an individualist notion of selfhood and a contractualist approach to social relations—presuppositions that, in turn, lead us to anticipate the very conformity also associated with inauthenticity. This article argues that the fiction of John Cheever adheres, not to the Romantic individualism that underlies normative views of suburbia, but to the process of identity formation described by Martin Heidegger, one that emphasizes relation to the present and factual. Accordingly, it claims that Cheever’s 1969 novel Bullet Park imagines suburbia as a prime space, not for inauthenticity and conformity, but for difference and intersubjectivity.
La Historia de las Mujeres y la Historia Antigua en España: Balance historiográfico (1980-2008)
Authors: Pedregal Rodríguez María Amparo 
Published: December 2014

Histoire des femmes et histoire ancienne en Espagne : bilan historiographique (1980-2008).
L'histoire des femmes est aujourd'hui une discipline solidement implantée dans l'Université et la recherche espagnoles. Sa légitimation académique, après plus de trente ans, et malgré l'hostilité ou au mieux l'indifférence d'un monde académique majoritairement masculin, oblige les historiens à concevoir l'histoire, non comme un destin, mais comme une science qui a aussi pour objet d'étude les femmes comme sujets d'histoire. On analyse ici les marqueurs historiographiques qui ont jalonné l'émergence et le développement de ce courant au sein de l'Université espagnole et tout particulièrement en histoire ancienne dont on retracera les principaux thèmes scientifiques, les problématiques, les débats théoriques et les outils méthodologiques depuis les années 80.
Boosting – An Unusual Yet Attractive Optimiser
Authors: Hothorn T. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryThis editorial is part of a For-Discussion- Section of Methods of Information in Medicine about the papers “The Evolution of Boosting Algorithms – From Machine Learning to Statistical Modelling” [1] and “Ex-tending Statistical Boosting – An Overview of Recent Methodological Developments” [2], written by Andreas Mayr and co authors. It preludes two discussed reviews on developments and applications of boosting in biomedical research. The two review papers, written by Andreas Mayr, Harald Binder, Olaf Gefeller, and Matthias Schmid, give an overview on recently published methods that utilise gradient or likelihood-based boosting for fitting models in the life sciences. The reviews are followed by invited comments [3] by experts in both boosting theory and applications.
Existe-t-il un quartier gay à Santiago du Chili ? Appropriation et distanciation d'un modèle urbain importé
Authors: Astudillo Lizama Pablo 
Published: December 2014

Traditionnellement, on considère que les grandes villes permettent une institutionnalisation de l’identité homosexuelle. En effet, l’émergence de la figure homosexuelle contemporaine n’est possible que dans un environnement urbain dont la densité et l’anonymat favorisent la consolidation de l’identité gay. Pour autant, ce modèle qui lie construction identitaire et espace urbain, est-il transposable dans toutes les métropoles ? À partir du cas de Santiago du Chili, nous verrons qu’il n’existe pas un territoire associé à l’identité gay de manière exclusive ou préférentielle comme c’est le cas avec les quartiers gays des métropoles occidentales, mais une constellation de lieux appropriés de manière discrète selon la classe sociale observée. Cette fluidité, qui est l’apanage des classes les plus favorisées, est rendue possible par le goût de la discrétion qui structure les pratiques. Il n’y a donc pas un quartier unifié, visible et homogène mais des lieux structurés par un imaginaire et des usages socialement différenciés.
Marginalisation et informalité : d'une domination à une autre. Cherarba au Sud-Est de la périphérie d'Alger
Authors: Semmoud Nora 
Published: December 2014

La focale est ici mise sur les liens subtils entre les processus de marginalisation et d’informalisation et les formes de domination des populations concernées. Le caractère ségrégatif et injuste de la politique de régularisation engagée par l’État algérien à la fin des années 1980 avait fortement contrarié les aspirations des habitants de Cherarba (périphérie algéroise). Les pouvoirs publics ayant perdu ainsi en légitimité, le quartier a alors basculé dans l’opposition islamiste radicale. L’espoir de changement s’est heurté cette fois à l’autoritarisme des islamistes et l’on est passé alors d’une violence symbolique à une violence meurtrière qui a été à l’origine du retournement d’une grande partie de la population ; désolidarisation qu’elle a payé d’un massacre. La répression du terrorisme qui a suivi a été accompagnée d’une volonté de reconquête de ce territoire par les pouvoirs publics, à travers la réalisation de logements et d’équipements. Les habitants, quant à eux, ne souhaitent qu’une seule chose : tourner la page de la guerre civile et effacer l’image terroriste de Cherarba. Les rapports des pouvoirs publics avec les populations des quartiers informels s’établissent selon un mode de gouvernement qui pose la question de la démocratie.