bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Age on the Profile of Psychotropic Users: Results from the 2010 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey
Authors: Maust Donovan T. , Oslin David W. , Marcus Steven C. 
Published: January 2014

ObjectivesTo describe the effect of age on psychotropic coprescribing, psychiatric diagnoses, and other clinical characteristics.DesignAnalysis of the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey.SettingA national sample of outpatient visits to physicians (N = 2,406) in office‐based practice in 2010.ParticipantsAdults prescribed psychotropic medication (N = 31,229).MeasurementsOffice visits at which antidepressant, anxiolytic, sedative, hypnotic, antipsychotic, or mood stabilizer medications were prescribed were grouped according to participant age (21–64, ≥65) and then compared within each medication class on visit characteristics. and then compared according to variables including provider type, sex, and race; presence of diagnosed mental illness; prescription of other psychotropic agents; total number of chronic conditions; time spent with physician; and total number of medications.ResultsIn 2010, there were 90.3 million antidepressant office visits; 77.7 million anxiolytic/sedative/hypnotic visits; 15.5 million antipsychotic visits; and 9.5 million mood stabilizer visits. Nonpsychiatrists prescribed the majority of psychotropic medications for every class and age group; 17.3% of older adult antipsychotic visits and 44.9% of younger adult antipsychotic visits were to a psychiatrist (chi‐square = 19.58, P = .001). Older adults in every medication class were less likely to have a diagnosed mental disorder.ConclusionOlder adults prescribed psychotropic medication were less likely to have a diagnosed mental disorder than their younger counterparts. Efforts to promote quality prescribing should seek to minimize nonspecific use of psychotropic medication.
The Effect of Time between Handling and Photoactivation on Self‐Adhesive Resin Cement Properties
Authors: da Silva Fonseca Andrea Soares Quirino , Mizrahi Jamil , Menezes Livia Rodrigues , Valente Lisia Lorea , de Moraes Rafael Ratto , Schneider Luis Felipe 
Published: January 2014

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the degree of conversion, absorption, and solubility in water of self‐adhesive resin cements subjected to different time intervals between material preparation and the photoactivation procedure.Materials and MethodsTwo dual self‐adhesive resin cements were tested: RelyX Unicem and SmartCem2. The degree of conversion as a function of time was evaluated by Fourier‐transformed infrared spectroscopy using the attenuated total reflectance technique. Three time intervals between handling and photoactivation were applied: Group 1 = immediately; Group 2 = a 1‐minute interval; Group 3 = a 4‐minute interval. All specimens were irradiated with a light‐emitting diode source for 40 seconds. Thirty discs of each cement (1 mm thick × 6 mm diameter, n = 10) were prepared for the absorption and solubility tests. These specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 90 days. The results were subjected to ANOVA with two factors (material and activation time intervals) and Tukey's test (95% significance).ResultsThe 4‐minute interval significantly reduced the degree of conversion of SmartCem2 (30.6% ± 8.3%). No other significant changes were observed for the degree of conversion; however, the time intervals before photoactivation interfered significantly in the water absorption of the RelyX Unicem specimens but not the SmartCem2 specimens. The time intervals did not affect the solubility of either cement. In all cases, SmartCem2 had higher solubility than RelyX Unicem.ConclusionThe time interval between handling and photoactivation significantly influenced the degree of conversion and water sorption of the resin‐based cements. In general, one can say that the self‐adhesive resin cements should be photoactivated as soon as possible after the material handling process.
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Mandibular Conventional and Implant Prostheses in a Group of Turkish Patients: A Quality of Life Study
Authors: Cakir Onur , Kazancioglu Hakki Oguz , Celik Gozde , Deger Sabire , Ak Gulsum 
Published: January 2014

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to compare the satisfaction and quality of life (QoL) in a group of patients using mandibular complete dentures, implant‐retained overdentures, removable partial dentures (RPDs), or implant‐supported fixed partial dentures (FPDs).Materials and MethodsA total of 116 patients (aged 36 to 81, mean age 58 ± 10.03 years) were assigned to four groups (n = 29) and treated with mandibular implant‐retained overdentures, implant‐supported FPDs (two implants/three unit FPDs), conventional complete dentures, or RPDs. The groups were well matched in terms of gender, age, and the edentulous period. All patients had edentulous maxillary arches and completely or partially edentulous mandibles. All prostheses were mandibular prostheses. The OHIP‐14, OHQoL‐UK, and SF‐36 surveys were used to determine QoL before implant surgery and 1 year after prosthetic treatment.ResultsThe baseline and 1‐year data from 116 patients were analyzed. A significant improvement was found among the QoL scales for all groups (p < 0.05). The most significant improvement was found in the implant‐retained overdenture group (15.67 ± 2.47), while the least improvement was found among the implant‐supported FPD group (5.14 ± 2.08). The SF‐36 test revealed no differences between the before and after treatment scores for general health, pain, vitality, social function, and physical function difficulties (p > 0.05). The only significant difference was found for mental health (p = 0.011).ConclusionA positive influence on oral health‐related QoL was observed in all groups. The QoL values were the most improved in the implant‐retained overdenture group.
Maxillary Sinusitis Caused by Dental Implants Extending into the Maxillary Sinus and the Nasal Cavities
Authors: Biafora Matteo , Bertazzoni Giacomo , Trimarchi Matteo 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis report describes the case of a patient who underwent osseointegrated dental implant placement. The implants were misplaced inside the nasal fossae and in the right maxillary sinus, causing chronic purulent sinusitis. CT scan without contrast showed signs of right maxillary sinusitis and confirmed the misplacement of four dental implants that surfaced into the nasal cavities. The imaging also revealed the presence of another implant that emerged inside the maxillary sinus. The patient underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery with complete symptom remission at the long‐term follow‐up. We propose that sinusitis caused by protrusion of implants and by sinus floor lift procedures could share common physiopathological patterns and predisposing factors.
Effect of Various Veneering Techniques on Mechanical Strength of Computer‐Controlled Zirconia Framework Designs
Authors: Kanat Burcu , Çömlekoğlu Erhan M. , Dündar‐Çömlekoğlu Mine , Hakan Sen Bilge , Özcan Mutlu , Ali Güngör Mehmet 
Published: January 2014

AbstractPurposeThe objectives of this study were to evaluate the fracture resistance (FR), flexural strength (FS), and shear bond strength (SBS) of zirconia framework material veneered with different methods and to assess the stress distributions using finite element analysis (FEA).Materials and MethodsZirconia frameworks fabricated in the forms of crowns for FR, bars for FS, and disks for SBS (N = 90, n = 10) were veneered with either (a) file splitting (CAD‐on) (CD), (b) layering (L), or (c) overpressing (P) methods. For crown specimens, stainless steel dies (N = 30; 1 mm chamfer) were scanned using the labside contrast spray. A bilayered design was produced for CD, whereas a reduced design (1 mm) was used for L and P to support the veneer by computer‐aided design and manufacturing. For bar (1.5 × 5 × 25 mm3) and disk (2.5 mm diameter, 2.5 mm height) specimens, zirconia blocks were sectioned under water cooling with a low‐speed diamond saw and sintered. To prepare the suprastructures in the appropriate shapes for the three mechanical tests, nano‐fluorapatite ceramic was layered and fired for L, fluorapatite‐ceramic was pressed for P, and the milled lithium‐disilicate ceramics were fused with zirconia by a thixotropic glass ceramic for CD and then sintered for crystallization of veneering ceramic. Crowns were then cemented to the metal dies. All specimens were stored at 37°C, 100% humidity for 48 hours. Mechanical tests were performed, and data were statistically analyzed (ANOVA, Tukey's, α = 0.05). Stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to evaluate the failure modes and surface structure. FEA modeling of the crowns was obtained.ResultsMean FR values (N ± SD) of CD (4408 ± 608) and L (4323 ± 462) were higher than P (2507 ± 594) (p < 0.05). Mean FS values (MPa ± SD) of CD (583 ± 63) and P (566 ± 54) were higher than L (428 ± 41) (p < 0.05). Mean SBS values (MPa ± SD) of CD (49 ± 6) (p < 0.05) were higher than L (28 ± 5) and P (30 ± 8). For crown restorations, while cohesive failures within ceramic and zirconia were seen in CD, cohesive failures within ceramic were found in both L and P. Results were verified by FEA.ConclusionThe file splitting technique showed higher bonding values in all mechanical tests, whereas a layering technique increased the FR when an anatomical core design was employed. Clinical significance: File splitting (CAD‐on) or layering veneering ceramic on zirconia with a reduced framework design may reduce ceramic chipping.
Use of Pindex System in Fabrication of the Sectional Custom Tray
Authors: Jabbari Ehsan , Savabi Omid , Nejatidanesh Farahnaz 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis article describes a new, precise, and simple method for making an impression with an individual tray for a patient with microstomia. In this method, a Pindex system on the handle of the tray was used for attaching two parts of the sectional tray.
Sequential observation of infant regulated and dysregulated behavior following soothing and stimulating maternal behavior during feeding
Authors: Brown Lisa F. , Pridham Karen A. , Brown Roger 
Published: January 2014

AbstractPurposeTo describe maternal behaviors occurring before infant regulated or dysregulated behavior at three times in early infancy and examine behavioral patterns over time with their prematurely born infants.Design and MethodsVideo recordings of 37 dyads were coded on infant regulated and dysregulated behaviors following maternal soothing and stimulating behaviors.ResultsAt each time, infants showed more regulation after maternal soothing than after maternal stimulating. Further study is merited.Practice ImplicationsKnowing infant regulation and dysregulation following categories of maternal behavior could help mothers anticipate infant regulatory or dysregulatory behavior in response to their own behavior and identify supportive caregiving strategies.
Use of Fourier‐Transform Infrared Spectroscopy to Quantify Immunoglobulin G Concentrations in Alpaca Serum
Authors: Burns J. , Hou S. , Riley C.B. , Shaw R.A. , Jewett N. , McClure J.T. 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundRapid, economical, and quantitative assays for measurement of camelid serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) are limited. In camelids, failure of transfer of maternal immunoglobulins has a reported prevalence of up to 20.5%. An accurate method for quantifying serum IgG concentrations is required.ObjectiveTo develop an infrared spectroscopy‐based assay for measurement of alpaca serum IgG and compare its performance to the reference standard radial immunodiffusion (RID) assay.AnimalsOne hundred and seventy‐five privately owned, healthy alpacas.MethodsEighty‐two serum samples were collected as convenience samples during routine herd visits whereas 93 samples were recruited from a separate study. Serum IgG concentrations were determined byRIDassays and midinfrared spectra were collected for each sample. Fifty samples were set aside as the test set and the remaining 125 training samples were employed to build a calibration model using partial least squares (PLS) regression with Monte Carlo cross validation to determine the optimum number ofPLSfactors. The predictive performance of the calibration model was evaluated by the test set.ResultsCorrelation coefficients for theIR‐based assay were 0.93 and 0.87, respectively, for the entire data set and test set. Sensitivity in the diagnosis of failure of transfer of passive immunity (FTPI) ([IgG] <1,000 mg/dL) was 71.4% and specificity was 100% for theIR‐based method (test set) as gauged relative to theRIDreference method assay.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThis study indicated that infrared spectroscopy, in combination with chemometrics, is an effective method for measurement of IgG in alpaca serum.
Levetiracetam Rectal Administration in Healthy Dogs
Authors: Peters R.K. , Schubert T. , Clemmons R. , Vickroy T. 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundLevetiracetam is used to manage status epilepticus (SE) and cluster seizures (CS) in humans. The drug might be absorbed after rectal administration and could offer a practical adjunct to rectal administration of diazepam in managingSEandCS.HypothesisLevetiracetam is rapidly absorbed after rectal administration in dogs and maintains target serum concentrations for at least 9 hours.AnimalsSix healthy privately owned dogs between 2 and 6 years of age and weighing 10–20 kg.MethodsLevetiracetam (40 mg/kg) was administered rectally and blood samples were obtained immediately before (time zero) and at 10, 20, 40, 60, 90, 180, 360, and 540 minutes after drug administration. Dogs were observed for signs of adverse effects over a 24‐hour period after drug administration.ResultsCLEVat 10 minutes was 15.3 ± 5.5 μg/mL (mean, SD) with concentrations in the target range (5–40 μg/mL) for all dogs throughout the sampling period.Cmax(36.0 ± 10.7 μg/mL) andTmax(103 ± 31 minutes) values were calculated and 2 disparate groups were appreciated. Dogs with feces in the rectum at the time of drug administration had lower meanCmaxvalues (26.7 ± 3.4 μg/mL) compared with those without (45.2 ± 4.4 μg/mL). Mild sedation was observed between 60 and 90 minutes without other adverse effects noted.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThis study supports the use of rectally administered levetiracetam in future studies of clinical effectiveness in the management of epileptic dogs.
Morphometric Parameters of Peripheral Nerves in Calves Correlated with Conduction Velocity
Authors: Schenk H.C. , Haastert‐Talini K. , Jungnickel J. , Grothe C. , Meyer H. , Rehage J. , Fehr M. , Bokemeyer J. , Rohn C. , Tipold A. 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundPeripheral nerve injuries are the most frequent neurologic disorder in cattle. So far, no physiologic values have been established for the motor nerve conduction velocity (mNCV) in this precocial species.ObjectivesThe electrophysiologic and morphometric reference values of peripheral nerves in calves were determined. It was hypothesized that these parameters would correlate to the high degree of maturity in the first days of life in this species compared to other species.AnimalsTwenty‐six healthy calves were used in this study.MethodsThe mNCV of the radial and the sciatic/common peroneal nerve was measured in all 26 calves. Nerve biopsies from a group of 6 calves were taken to correlate the obtained electrophysiologic data with morphological parameters.ResultsThe mean mNCV of the radial nerve was 48.3 ± 10.6 m/s, whereas the mean mNCV of the sciatic/peroneal nerve was with 83.8 ± 5.9 m/s significantly faster (P < .0001). The average fiber diameter was 8.40 ± 2.80 μm (range, 1.98–17.90 μm) and the average g‐ratio was 0.61 ± 0.04 SD.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceThe established reference values for mNCV in calves correlate well with the evaluated morphometric parameters. Attributable to their comparably fast mNCV and high fiber diameters, juvenile calves appear to be much more mature individuals than other mammals. Electrophysiologic characterization of peripheral nerve injury now is feasible in this species.
Long‐Term Outcome and Use of 6‐Minute Walk Test in West Highland White Terriers with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Lilja‐Maula L.I.O. , Laurila H.P. , Syrjä P. , Lappalainen A.K. , Krafft E. , Clercx C. , Rajamäki M.M. 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an incurable interstitial lung disease occurring mainly in West Highland White Terriers (WHWTs). The effects of IPF on survival and on exercise tolerance in WHWTs are unknown.ObjectivesTo evaluate survival, prognostic factors, and exercise tolerance in WHWTs with IPF.AnimalsPrivately owned WHWTs; 15 with IPF and 11 healthy controls.MethodsProspective case‐control study conducted in 2007–2012. For survival, descriptive statistics and Kaplan–Meier (KM) survival curves with Cox proportional hazard ratios were performed. For the prognostic factor study, KM curves, Cox regression analysis, and logistic regression models were used. The 6‐minute walk test (6MWT) was used for measurement of exercise tolerance.ResultsThe median IPF‐specific survival of deceased WHWTs (7/15) with IPF was 32 (range 2–51) months from onset of clinical signs. The risk of death from birth in WHWTs with IPF in age‐adjusted Cox model was significantly higher (hazard ratio 4.6; 95% confidence interval 1.05–19.74, P = .04) than in control WHWTs. No significant prognostic factors were identified. In 6MWT, WHWTs with IPF walked a shorter distance, median 398 m (range 273–519 m), than healthy controls, median 492 m (420–568 m), P = .05, and the partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood in diseased dogs had a moderate positive correlation with walking distance (Kendall′s tau‐b = 0.69, P = .06).Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceIPF had a negative impact on life expectancy, but individual survival varied considerably. 6MWT proved to be a well‐tolerated, noninvasive test to evaluate exercise tolerance.
Neutrophil Gelatinase–Associated Lipocalin in Dogs with Naturally Occurring Renal Diseases
Authors: Hsu W.‐L. , Lin Y.‐S. , Hu Y.‐Y. , Wong M.‐L. , Lin F.‐Y. , Lee Y.‐J. 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundNeutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin (NGAL) is released from renal tubular cells after injury and serves in humans as a real‐time indicator of active kidney damage, including acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, NGAL concentrations in dogs with naturally occurring AKI or CKD rarely have been explored in detail.Hypothesis/ObjectivesThe goal of this study was to evaluate whether NGAL can serve as a useful biomarker in dogs with naturally occurring renal disease.AnimalsClient‐owned dogs with renal disease (57) and control dogs without any disease (12) were examined.MethodsSerum NGAL (sNGAL) and urine NGAL (uNGAL) concentrations were measured in each animal by a newly developed ELISA system. Demographic, hematologic, and serum biochemical data were recorded. Survival attributable to AKI and CKD was evaluated at 30 days and 90 days, respectively.ResultsSerum and urine NGAL concentrations in azotemic dogs were significantly higher than in nonazotemic dogs and were highly correlated with serum creatinine concentration (P < .05). Among CKD dogs, death was associated with significantly higher sNGAL and uNGAL concentrations compared with survivors. Receiver‐operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis showed that sNGAL was better than serum creatinine concentration when predicting clinical outcomes for CKD dogs (P < .05). The best cutoff point for sNGAL was 50.6 ng/mL, which gave a sensitivity and a specificity of 76.9 and 100%, respectively. Furthermore, dogs that had higher concentrations of sNGAL survived for a significantly shorter time.ConclusionsNGAL is a useful prognostic marker when evaluating dogs with CKD.
Intestinal parasitic infections and atopic dermatitis among Venezuelan Warao Amerindian pre‐ school children
Authors: Hagel Isabel , Puccio Franca , López Elianska , Lugo Dennis , Cabrera Maira , Di Prisco María C. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundWe evaluated the influence of intestinal parasitic infection on food sensitization associated to the severity of Atopic Dermatitis (AD) in a group of Warao Amerindian pre‐ school children.MethodsFeces examinations were performed in fresh stool specimens. Diagnosis of AD was done according to Hannifin and Rajka criteria and SCORAD index. Skin prick tests (SPT) were performed using extracts of cow's milk (CM), hen's egg (HE), Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae . Serum CM and HE‐IgE levels (ELISA) were measured. Quantikine (R&D systems) assays were used for the determination of IL‐13, TNF‐α IL‐6, and sCD23 in supernatants of CM‐ and HE‐ whole blood stimulated samples.ResultsAtopic Dermatitis was reported in 23% of the children. It was significantly (p < 0.0001) associated toward both CM and HE‐ SPT positivity (p < 0.001). Giardia duodenalis infection (37%) was associated to the presence of AD (p = 0.005) and to a significant increase in the levels of CM stimulated TNF‐α (), IL‐13 (p = 0.01), sCD23 (p = 0.001), CM‐IgE (p = 0.012) and CM‐SPT (p < 0.0001). Similarly, G. duodenalis infection was particularly associated with the increase on the levels of HE‐stimulated TNF‐α (p = 0.001), sCD23 (p = 0.001), HE‐IgE levels (p = 0.002) and HE‐SPT (p = 0.001).ConclusionGut inflammation caused by G. duodenalis may enhance food allergic reactivity contributing to the manifestation of AD in these children. However, other environmental factors (not considered in this work) as well as an atopic background among the Warao population would also contribute to the presence of AD.
Anesthesia‐ and opioids‐related malpractice claims following tonsillectomy in USA: LexisNexis claims database 1984–2012
Authors: Subramanyam Rajeev , Chidambaran Vidya , Ding Lili , Myer Charles M. , Sadhasivam Senthilkumar 
Published: January 2014

SummaryBackgroundAlthough commonly performed, tonsillectomy is not necessarily a low‐risk procedure for litigation. We have reviewed malpractice claims involving fatal and nonfatal injuries following tonsillectomy with an emphasis on anesthesia‐ and opioid‐related claims and their characteristics.MethodsTonsillectomy‐related malpractice claims and jury verdict reports from the United States (US) between 1984 and 2012 found in the LexisNexis MEGA™ Jury Verdicts and Settlements database were reviewed by two independent reviewers. LexisNexis database collects nationwide surgical, anesthesia, and other malpractice claims. Data including years of case and verdicts, surgical, anesthetic and postoperative opioid‐related complications, details of injury, death, cause of death, litigation result, and judgment awarded were analyzed. When there were discrepancies between the two independent reviewers, a third reviewer (SS) was involved for resolution. Inflation adjusted monetary awards were based on 2013 US dollars.ResultsThere were 242 tonsillectomy‐related claim reports of which 98 were fatal claims (40.5%) and 144 nonfatal injury claims (59.5%). Verdict/settlement information was available in 72% of cases (n = 175). The median age group of patients was 8.5 years (range 9 months to 60 years). Primary causes for fatal claims were related to surgical factors (n = 39/98, 39.8%) followed by anesthesia‐related (n = 36/98, 36.7%) and opioid‐related factors (n = 16/98, 16.3%). Nonfatal injury claims were related to surgical (101/144, 70.1%), anesthesia (32/144, 22.2%)‐ and opioid‐related factors (6/144, 4.2%). Sleep apnea was recorded in 17 fatal (17.4%) and 15 nonfatal claims (10.4%). Opioid‐related claims had the largest median monetary awards for both fatal ($1 625 892) and nonfatal injury ($3 484 278) claims.ConclusionsTonsillectomy carries a high risk from a medical malpractice standpoint for the anesthesiologists and otolaryngologists. Although surgery‐related claims were more common, opioids‐ and anesthetic‐related claims were associated with larger median monetary verdicts, especially those associated with anoxic, nonfatal injuries. Caution is necessary when opioids are prescribed post‐tonsillectomy, especially in patients with sleep apnea.