bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interrelations of Intelligence and Social-Adaptive Skills in Adolescents with Multiple Developmental Disorders: A Pilot Study
Authors: Shvedovskii E. , Maltseva N. , Melnikova D. , Dronova S. , Bitova A. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionThe relationship between social adaptation and intelligence in adolescents with developmental disorders varies depending on various psycho-social factors. Adolescence is marked by pubertal changes in mental and physical development. Previous research has revealed a moderate correlation between intelligence and various groups of adaptive skills in adolescents with Down syndrome. However, studies involving adolescents with multiple developmental disorders are relatively scarce in the existing literatureObjectivesDetermine the distribution of intelligence among adolescents with severe multiple disabilities; Identify the connection between intelligence and the level of adaptation in this group; explore the connection between intelligence and independence skills in the subjects.MethodsThe study included 11 adolescent participants enrolled in a comprehensive social skills development intervention program at the Center for Curative Pedagogics: 5 girls and 6 boys, mean age - 14,0 yrs. Age st.dev: 24,3 and 18.4. ICD-10 DS of participants were: F48.xx, F70.xx, F80.xx, F84.xx, G40.xx, G80.xx, Q74.xx, and Q90.xx.Following tools were used: Leiter-3 scales (LIQ), Vineland-3 Adaptive Behavior Scales (VSS); Perkins I.C.A.N. independence Scales (ICAN).ResultsSelected variables including were tested with the Shapiro-Wilk test. p-values of the SW test indicated that data were not distributed normally: LIQ (w=0.953, p=0.685); VSS (w=0.964, 0.821); ICAN (w=0.877;p=0.095).For the identification of the connections between the intelligence (LIQ) and adaptive functioning (VSS) we used r-Spearman criteria. These parameters showed significant monotonic relationship (rs = 0.961, p<0.001). Mean IQ level of the sample is characterized as mildly impaired (mean = 62.9). The adaptive and the independence skills level of the sample are also far below the low normative results (57.1 and 48.7 respectively). Images 1,2 and 3 shows the distribution of the data. The correlation between IQ (LIQ) and independence skills (ICAN) is not significant (rs = 0.671, p<0.024), as well as the correlation between adaptive and independence skills (rs = 0.733, p<0.010).ConclusionsWe made an exploratory study of the adolescent participants of the comprehensive social skills development intervention program at the Center for Curative Pedagogics. Results show that non-verbal intelligence of the participants shows strong connection to the adaptive skills, but not to the independence skills. Sample size is very small, which is explained by the specifics of the intervention. Further research should be focused on the increasing sample and the expanding analysis parameters, such as social and family history, intervention details and the additional variables of the existing measurements.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Gender diversity and autism spectrum disorder in child and youth population
Authors: Rodríguez P. R. , Grimal M. M. , Castellano E. E. M. , Batista F. A. R. , Pérez N. M. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionInterest in the co-occurrence of gender dysphoria and autism spectrum disorder has gained prominence in recent years. Gender dysphoria refers to the distress experienced when there is an incongruence between gender identity and sex assigned at birth. On the other hand, autism spectrum disorder is characterized by difficulties in communication and social interaction, as well as restrictive and repetitive patterns of behavior.ObjectivesThe aim of this paper is to review the current available literature in order to expand our knowledge about gender identity and dysphoria in the population with autism spectrum disorder.MethodsA qualitative review was conducted over the last 20 years, using the Medline database through PubMed. Combinations of MeSH terms related to gender identity and people with autism spectrum disorder were used, selecting those studies in English, French or Spanish that met the objectives of the review, excluding references in other languages. The scientific evidence obtained was analyzed and synthesized.ResultsThe development of gender identity of people with autism spectrum disorder can be a complex process. Comparing the general population with the population with autism spectrum disorder, a higher prevalence of gender dysphoria has been evidenced in the population with autism spectrum disorder, and within this group when segmented by gender, greater in women than in men.ConclusionsThis review highlights the importance of increasing knowledge about sexuality and gender dysphoria in people with autism spectrum disorder in order to facilitate the development, understanding and acceptance of their gender identity and sexual orientation of these people.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
General features of existential depression in youth
Authors: Kaleda V. , Popovich U. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionThe axial symptom of existential depression in youth is overvalued ideas about the meaninglessness of human life, its inconsistency with a certain “spiritual self-ideal”; ideas of humiliation, insolvency, low value, imperfection of society are noted, which accompanies varying degrees of severity of suicidal thoughts. The high suicidal risk, insufficient knowledge of such conditions makes it important to study.ObjectivesDetermination of the clinical and psychopathological consequences of existential depression in youth.Methods53 male 16-25 years old with F31.3, F31.4, F32, F33 (ICD-10) with the existential depression were examined with clinical-psychopathological method, psychometric assessment of depression was carried out using the HDRS scale, assessment of suicidal intentions - using the C-SSRS scale. Also were analyzed: premorbid personality structure, hereditary burden in first-degree relatives, the role of exogenous provocations. Statistical data processing was carried out using the STATISTICA software package 10.0 for WINDOWS (StatSoft, USA, was used Pearson χ² test, Student t-test. The critical level of statistical significance is p ≤ 0.05.ResultsA significant role in the manifestation of existential depression was played by exogenous provocations (χ²=9.47, p=0.05), especially psychotrauma: the most common were the death of a close relative or friend, unrequited love, and failure to enter the desired university.According to the premorbid personality structure schizoid (56.7%) and psychasthenic personalities (30.2%) prevailed. When assessing hereditary burden (χ²=9.59 p=0.047), pathocharacterological features were noted in first-degree relatives in 32.1% cases, affective disoders in 26, 4%.In terms of social and labor status (χ²=9.47, p=0.05), university students naturally predominated (56.6%). The average age of onset of depression was 17.8 ± 1.2 years, duration 3.7 ± 1.5 months. Non-suicidal self-harm was observed in 32.1%, especially in the initial stages of depression. Among suicidal tendencies (χ²=9.58, p=0.048), anti-vital thoughts (50.9%) and passive suicidal thoughts (34%) dominated; 5.7% of patients attempted suicide. On the HDRS scale, patients scored an average of 18.2±1.7 points, which reflected the severity of depression; the total score on the C-SSRS scale was 2.12±0.34.ConclusionsIn the formation of existential depression, a significant role of exogenous provocations, especially psychotrauma, was discovered; a high suicidal risk was confirmed. Existential depressive states differed in duration; patients of the identified typological varieties scored high on the HDRS and C-SSRS scales. In the future, it is planned to study the follow-up group for the purpose of a detailed analysis of the dynamics of such conditions and their nosological affiliation.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Is body image misperception associated with sociodemographic factors and life habits? a cross-sectional study 1399 Tunisian school-adolescents
Authors: Mohamed F. , Sellami S. , Amira D. , Fares J. , Rim G. , Jihenne M. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionUnderstanding adolescents perceptions of their weight status and the factors influencing these perceptions is pivotal for developing targeted interventions and policies to counteract the rising obesity trends.ObjectivesThis cross-sectional study aimed to determine the accuracy of weight status perceptions among Tunisian adolescents compared to objective metrics and to identify sociodemographic characteristics and life habits associated with the underestimation of weight status.MethodsA cross-sectional, school-based study was conducted among a randomized sample of adolescents attending secondary schools in Sousse, Tunisia. A total of 1399 students participated, with anthropometric measurements taken, and a pre-tested Arabic questionnaire administered to gather sociodemographic data and perceived weight status, assessed using the Figure Rating Scale (FRS). The accuracy of perceived weight status was determined by comparing the measured weight status with participants; self-reported perceptions. We evaluated the association between body weight distortion and life habits which included regular physical activity, screen time (time spent on internet per day), number of fruits and vegetables consumed per day, and fast-food consumption.ResultsThe study achieved an 86.68% response rate, with over half of the participants being female (60.5%), and the average age being 17 years. The majority of adolescents (41%) perceived themselves as having normal body weight, while 34.5% perceived themselves as underweight, 16.6% as overweight, and 7.9% as obese. However, based on BMI categories, 72.6% had a normal measured weight, 20.4% were overweight, and 6.9% were obese. A substantial proportion of participants (45.6%) underestimated their weight status, with a significant proportion being objectively overweight or obese (26%). Furthermore, we found a significant association between the perception of weight accuracy with four correlates: gender, mother educational level, regular physical activity, and the number of fruits and vegetables consumed per day.ConclusionsThe findings revealed a disparity between perceived and actual weight status among Tunisian adolescents, with a significant underestimation of weight status, particularly among those who are overweight or obese. The results highlighted the crucial need for interventions that address weight perception inaccuracies and promote healthy weight awareness and management among adolescents in Tunisia. The study underscored the importance of further research to understand the development and progression of body weight underestimation throughout adolescence and the roles of lifestyle behaviors in shaping weight perceptions.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Non-Standard Diagnostic Assessment reliability in psychiatry: A study in a Brazilian outpatient setting using Kappa
Authors: Rocha Neto H. , Telles-Correia D. , Koiller L. , Cavalcanti M. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionThe use of Structured Diagnostic Assessments (SDAs) is a solution for unreliability in psychiatry and the gold standard for diagnosis. However, except for studies between the 50s and 70s, reliability without the use of Non-SDAs (NSDA) is seldom tested, especially in non-Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic (WEIRD) countries.ObjectivesWe aim to measure reliability between examiners with NSDAs for psychiatric disorders.MethodsWe compared diagnostic agreement after clinician change, in an outpatient academic setting. We used inter-rater Kappa measuring 8 diagnostic groups: Depression (DD: F32, F33), Anxiety Related Disorders (ARD: F40–F49, F50–F59), Personality Disorders (PD: F60–F69), Bipolar Disorder (BD: F30, F31, F34.0, F38.1), Organic Mental Disorders (Org: F00–F09), Neurodevelopment Disorders (ND: F70–F99) and Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SE: F20–F29) (Check table 1 about diagnosis hyerarchy and observed frequency in sample). Cohen’s Kappa measured agreement between groups, and Baphkar’s test assessed if any diagnostic group have a higher tendency to change after a new diagnostic assessment. This research was approved by IPUB’s ethical committee, registered under the CAAE33603220.1.0000.5263, and the UTN-U1111-1260-1212.ResultsWe analyzed 739 reevaluation pairs, from 99 subjects who attended IPUB’s outpatient clinic. Overall inter-rater Kappa was moderate, and none of the groups had a different tendency to change (Check table 2 for diagnostic change distribution). Our tests achieved the followinf results: Cohen Kappa 0.70, IC: 0.66– 0.74; Weighted Kappa 0.72, IC:0.72 – 0.72; Bhapkar Test X² = 5.98, Df = 7, P-value = .55; Achieved Power (w=0.1): 0.93
Table 2Agreement between examiners for eight diagnostic groupsARDBDDDDRDNDOrganicPDSSDARD393902033BD11547322410DD9107100259DRD02040002ND121051116Organic010032005PD421100333SSD520112854192ConclusionsNSDA evaluation was moderately reliable, but the lack of some prevalent hypothesis inside the pairs raised concerns about NSDA sensitivity to some diagnoses. Diagnostic momentum bias (that is, a tendency to keep the last diagnosis observed) may have inflated the observed agreement.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
The role of the community in providing psychological and social support after catastrophic events
Authors: Mužinić Marinić L. , Marinić I. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionNatural disasters are a risk for significantly disrupting the quality of life as a result of changes in life circumstances they bring, such as endangering health, property, existential issues, and can lead to social exclusion. They can also affect mental health and increase the risk of developing psychiatric disorders.ObjectivesTo show the impact of natural disasters on the psychosocial functioning of people in the affected area and the importance of adequate preparedness of the social community, including mobile teams, with an emphasis on providing somatic, psychological, and social support.MethodsData were collected from research on the consequences of major natural disasters and providing psychological, psychiatric and social support to the affected population.ResultsAfter natural disasters, there are significant changes in social functioning with the possible development of mental health problems. It is especially evident in sudden and intense catastrophic events.ConclusionsIn addition to the immediate provision of psychiatric and psychological assistance to victims, people who have experienced a catastrophic event need to be provided with immediate and continuous assistance and socioeconomic support, due to the need for better social inclusion and return to their role in the community.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Addressing the Comorbidity Between Epilepsy and Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Abu Shehab A. H. I. , Simona T. , Ion U. , Voinescu D. C. , Buciu C.-F. , Ciubară A. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionThe intricate and multifaceted nature of the link between epilepsy and psychiatric diseases is evident. Patients diagnosed with epilepsy frequently exhibit concurrent psychiatric illnesses, including but not limited to depression, anxiety, psychosis, and attention-deficit disorders. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental mechanisms and implementing efficacious ways to effectively address this co-occurring medical condition is crucial in order to achieve the most advantageous results for patients.ObjectivesThe objective of this study is to examine the frequency, neurobiological bases, and consequences for treatment of psychiatric comorbidities in patients diagnosed with epilepsy. The study aims to offer a thorough understanding of the subject and promote interdisciplinary collaboration.MethodsA systematic review of literature was conducted, focusing on clinical studies, neuroimaging findings, and neurochemical changes in patients with both epilepsy and psychiatric disorders. Additionally, best-practice recommendations for the clinical management of this patient population were identified.ResultsThe results suggest that the coexistence of epilepsy and psychiatric diseases may be affected by neuroinflammation, abnormalities in neurotransmitters, and shared genetic factors. In addition, the implementation of integrated therapy techniques that include both neurological and psychological components has demonstrated encouraging findings in enhancing patient outcomes.ConclusionsThe identification and proficient management of psychiatric comorbidities in individuals with epilepsy are of utmost significance. The establishment of interdisciplinary collaboration between neurologists and psychiatrists, supported by continuous research, is necessary in order to provide comprehensive treatment and enhance the overall well-being of individuals affected by these conditions.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Thyroid dysfunction: an unlikely culprit behind psychotic symptoms
Authors: Pires A. S. , Pires M. , Vaz I. F. , Mouta S. , Jesus B. , Mendes J. C. , Castro S. , Cruz e Sousa D. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionA number of studies have demonstrated that hyperthyroidism increases the prevalence of psychiatric disorders and the likelihood of depressive symptoms, anxiety and hipomania. Apathetic hyperthyroidism is a syndrome, which presents with symptoms of depression, apathy, somnolence or pseudodementia in the absence of the usual symptoms and signs of hyperthyroidism. This condition is more common in the elderly although it has also been described in young adults and adolescents.In the majority of cases, treatment of hyperthyroidism results in an improvement in neuropsychiatric manifestations in parallel with an improvement of psychical (somatic?) symptoms and psychotropic medication is deemed unnecessary.
Approximately one-third of patients with Graves’ hyperthyroidism are prescribed psychotropic drugs. Sometimes to treat mental symptoms like psychosis or severe agitation, sometimes to treat mental symptoms remaining after amelioration of hyperthyroidism, and sometimes when the diagnosis of Graves’ hyperthyroidism has been missed and the patient is treated as having a primary psychiatric disorder.ObjectivesTo present a case of a patient with neuropsychiatric symptoms caused by thyroid dysfunction.MethodsCase presentation and non-systematic review of existing literature on Pubmed using the following keywords: hyperthyroidism, psychiatric disorders, psychiatric symptoms, depression, psychosis.ResultsWe report the case of a 21-year-old female without history of psychiatric illness who presented to the emergency department with somnolence, apathy, cognitive impairment (answering “I don’t know” to most questions), poverty of speech, abulia, perplexity and delusional belief of ruin, in addition to physical symptoms namely alopecia and weight loss. According to her father, she was very active and dynamic person until two days prior, when he started noticing growing apathy, leading to job absenteeism. Urine analysis for elicit drugs was negative.Investigation for organic disease was undertaken and the blood analysis revealed overt hyperthyroidism.She was initially treated with aripiprazol. After thyroid dysfunction was identified, she was evaluated by an endocrinologist and started treatment with tiamazol and propanolol, presenting gradual remission of the psychiatric changes. Aripiprazole was discontinued and she was reevaluated in psychiatry consultation after about a month, with complete remission of psychiatric manifestations and normalized thyroid function.ConclusionsNeuropsychiatric manifestations of thyroid dysfunction are often misdiagnosed as a primary psychiatric disorder. It is necessary to optimize the medical management of these patients in whom the psychiatric symptoms masks a curable organic cause.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Total free-free Gaunt factors prediction using machine learning models
Authors: Zenkhri D. E. , Benkrane A. , Meftah M. T. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Gaunt factors are fundamental in describing the interaction of free electrons with photons, playing a crucial role in astrophysical processes such as radiation transport and emission spectra. Traditional methods for computing Gaunt factors involve complex integrations and intricate mathematical formulations, often being computationally expensive and time-consuming. This study explores an alternative approach using machine learning models to predict free-free Gaunt factors. Three models were employed: Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Support Vector Regression (SVR), and Gradient Boosting Regression (GBR). The obtained results demonstrate high performance, with R
2 scores ranging from 0.98 to 0.99, indicating the potential of machine learning models to accurately predict Gaunt factors.
Iron Status Correlates Strongly to Insulin Resistance Among US Adults: A Nationwide Population-Based Study
Authors: Liu Xue , Zhang Yuhao , Chai Yuwei , Li Yuchen , Yuan Jie , Zhang Li , Zhang Haiqing 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Context
Evidence on the link between iron status markers and insulin resistance (IR) is limited.

Objective
We aimed to explore the relationship between iron status and IR among US adults.

Methods
This study involved 2993 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2006, 2017-2020. IR is characterized by a homeostatic model assessment (HOMA)-IR value of ≥2.5. Weighted linear and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to examine the linear relationships between iron status and IR. Furthermore, restricted cubic splines (RCS) were used to identify the nonlinear dose–response associations. Stratified analyses by age, sex, body mass index, and physical activity were also performed. Last, a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of iron status in IR.

Results
In weighted linear analyses, serum iron (SI) exhibited a negative correlation with HOMA-IR (β −0.03, 95% CI −0.05, −0.01, P = .01). In weighted multivariate logistic analyses, iron intake and the serum transferrin receptor (sTfR) were positively correlated with IR (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.00-1.04, P = .04; OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.02-1.13, P = .01). Also, SI and transferrin saturation (TSAT) were negatively correlated with IR (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.94-0.98, P &lt; .0001; OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.97-0.99, P &lt; .001) after adjusting for confounding factors. RCS depicted a nonlinear dose–response relationship between sTfR and TSAT and IR. This correlation remained consistent across various population subgroups. The ROC curve showed that TSAT performed better than iron intake, SI and sTfR in ROC analyses for IR prediction.

Conclusion
All biomarkers demonstrated significantly lower risk of IR with increasing iron levels, which will contribute to a more comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the relationship between the 2 and provide a solid foundation for future exploration of the mechanisms underlying their relationship.