bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Oral Exfoliative Cytology in Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Light Microscopic and Confocal Microscopic Study
Authors: Gopal Deepika , Malathi N , Reddy B Thirupathi 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTAimDiabetes mellitus (DM) has become a global problem. By monitoring the health status of these individuals, diabetic complications can be prevented. We aimed to analyze alterations in the morphology and cytomorphometry of buccal epithelial cells of type 2 DM patients using oral exfoliative cytology technique and determine its importance in public health screening, diagnosis and monitoring of diabetes mellitus.Materials and methodsThe study was carried out in 100 type 2 DM patients and 30 healthy individuals. Smears were taken from the right buccal mucosa and stained by the Papanicolaou technique. Staining with Acridine orange was carried out to view qualitative changes with confocal laser scanning microscope (LSM-510 Meta). The cytomorphometry was evaluated using IMAGE PRO PLUS 5.5 software with Evolution LC camera. All findings were statistically analyzed.ResultsThe results showed that with increase in fasting plasma glucose levels, there is significant increase in nuclear area, decrease in cytoplasmic area, and increase in nuclear cytoplasmic ratio (p < 0.05) when compared to the control group. Various qualitative changes were noted, such as cell degeneration, micronuclei, binucleation, intracytoplasmic inclusion, candida and keratinization.ConclusionIn the present study, we found significant alterations in the cytomorphometry and cytomorphology of buccal epithelial cells of type 2 DM patients. This study supports and extends the view that these cellular changes can alert the clinician to the possibility of diabetes and aid in monitoring of diabetes throughout the lifetime of the patient.How to cite this articleGopal D, Malathi N, Reddy BT. Efficacy of Oral Exfoliative Cytology in Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Light Microscopic and Confocal Microscopic Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(3):215-221.
Removal of an Instrument Fractured by Ultrasound and the Instrument Removal System under Visual Magnification
Authors: Cruz Alvaro , Mercado-Soto Claudia Gabriela , Ceja Israel , Gascón L Gerardo , Cholico Patricia , Palafox-Sánchez Claudia A 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT

Aim
The case of a lower molar with apical periodontitis, which had previous root canal treatment and a fractured instrument in the distal root beyond the foramen, is presented.

Background
The simultaneous presence of a foreign body (endodontic instrument or material) in periapical tissues and microorganisms in the root canal, are etiological factors in the formation or maintenance of a periapical lesion, and can lead to failure in endodontic treatment.

Case description
This instrument was removed through the staging platform technique, by using ultrasound and an Instrument removal system (IRS) microtube under microscope visual amplification. All the canals were re-instrumented, irrigated with sodium hypochlorite and passive ultrasonic irrigation, removal of smear layer and intracanal medication with calcium hydroxide for 8 days, after which they were filled. The symptoms disappeared and clinical and radiograph 2-year follow-up shows healing of periapical tissues.

Conclusion
The combined use of visual magnification microscope, ultrasound and the IRS system by staging platform technique, allowed the removal of an endodontic instrument beyond the foramen, which made it possible to apply a conventional disinfection protocol.

Clinical significance
Endodontic re-treatment by conservative approach of complicated cases it is an option with good clinical prognosis, before apical surgery or extraction.

How to cite this article
Cruz A, Mercado-Soto CG, Ceja I, Gascón LG, Cholico P, Palafox-Sánchez CA. Removal of an Instrument Fractured, by Ultrasound and the Instrument Removal System under Visual Magnification. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(3):238-242.
Migrants and Health in Portugal
Authors: Bäckström B. 
Published: May 2015

The aim of this research is to atain knowledge on immigrant´s health related problems and to identify their dificulties when acesing health care services. The article describes immigrant´s dificulties when acesing health care services that are visiting the health ofice at a National Immigrant Support Centre.Design: : A qualitative study was conducted, analysing available documentation and observing the health isues dealt with at the National Immigrant Support Centre’s (CNAI) Health Ofice. The 148 cases are mainly immigrants coming from Portuguese speaking African countries for health purposes. Immigrants from Brazil have more restricted aces, and feel discrimination on the part of the services. Immigrants from Eastern Europe come in search of information and have communication dificulties. Obstacles are related to the lack of knowledge of the law, but also to the failure of puting the law into practice. The ofice has had a great demand of users seeking information and in acesingthe health care system.Results: The cases analysed are mainly nationals from Portuguese Speaking African Countries (PSAC), Brazil and countries in Eastern Europe. The majority of the immigrants coming from PSAC are patients receiving treatment under international Cooperation Agreements requesting financial and social support. Immigrants from Brazil have more restricted aces and feel greater discrimination on the part of the services. New Labour Migrants from Eastern Europe, on the other hand, come in search of information and are known to have communication dificulties.Conclusions: Legislation in Portugal provides aces to health care to al citizens, regardles of their legal condition and origin. However, some immigrants have had significant dificulties with aces to Portugal’s National Health Service. The obstacles are not only related to the lack of legal knowledge, but also to the failure of puting the law into practice, which requires atention by the institutionresponsible for efective and comprehensive coordination. The ofice has had a great demand of users seeking information, who, above al, wish to solve their problems and dificulties in acesing the health care system.
Loving More, Being Less: Reflections on Vladimir Jankélévitch’s Le paradoxe de la morale
Authors: Rosato Jennifer 
Published: May 2015

In Le paradoxe de la morale, Vladimir Jankélévitch proposes that the moral life is a matter of balancing the demands of love, which call us to give without limit, and our natural, egoistical attachment to self, which he terms 'being'. This balancing act is ultimately paradoxical since love must both depend on and overcome being. The vision of moral life as a paradoxical balancing act of love and being, however, is implicitly challenged by another, "supernatural" vision of ethics that Jankélévitch proposes near the end of the text. In these passages, the egoism of being that marks human nature is not merely balanced but genuinely transformed by the passionate care for an other. In this paper, these two visions of the ethical life offered by Jankélévitch's text are discussed in turn, and a way to read them as complementary rather than contradictory is proposed.
Investing in a Third: Colonization, Religious Fundamentalism, and Adolescence
Authors: Miller Elaine P. 
Published: May 2015

In her keynote address to the Kristeva Circle 2014, Julia Kristeva argued that European Humanism dating from the French Revolution paradoxically paved the way for “those who use God for political ends” by promoting a completely and solely secular path to the political. As an unintended result of this movement this path has led, in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, to the development of a new form of nihilism that masks itself as revolutionary but in fact is the opposite, in Kristeva’s view. Kristeva analyzed the culture of religious fundamentalism as “adolescent” in the sense that the adolescent, in contrast to the child, is a believer rather than a questioner. Although the psychoanalytic consideration of religious fundamentalism added a new dimension to attempts to explain the increase of this phenomenon in the late 20th and 21st centuries, Kristeva’s subsequent linkage of fundamentalism to the revolts in French suburbs in 2005 and beyond fell short of an insightful critique by neglecting the historical context of France’s colonial history.
CNE Certification Drive and Exam Results
Authors: Byrne Michelle M. , Welch Susan 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT
The Certified Nurse Educator (CNE) is the only credential recognizing the advanced practice role of the academic nurse educator. This article provides information regarding a CNE Certification Drive for faculty in one school of nursing. Descriptive findings include pass rates and content-specific averages. An analysis of the relationship between the variables is offered for role (faculty vs. recent graduate), years of teaching, and differences in test scores. Results indicate no significant relationship between role and test results, χ2(1) = 1.11, p = .29, and between years of teaching for those who passed (M = 10.38, SD = 9.81) versus those who failed (M = 4.75, SD = 6.36, t(18) = 1.56, p = .14). Additional research is needed to provide further understanding of variables linked with the CNE exam in multiple schools of nursing.
The vulnerable vessel
Authors: Gleißner C. A. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryDiabetes represents one of the most important risk factors for atherosclerosis, which is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Recent imaging studies employing intravascular ultrasound or computed coronary angio - graphy tomography clearly confirm that diabetes is associated with larger plaque burden and with more lesions displaying features of instability. Various molecular mechanisms promoting atherogenesis and plaque destabilization in diabetics have been described in the past. The current review specifically focuses on recent papers that have addressed the effects of diabetes and hyperglycemia (i) on myeloid cells, (ii) on oxidative stress, and (iii) on protein kinase C (PKC) activation. Thus, it has been demonstrated that hyperglycemia may promote myelopoiesis and differentiation of pro-inflammatory macrophages. Furthermore, novel studies emphasize the interplay between inflammation and oxidative stress at both the molecular and the genetic level. Finally, experimental studies shed light on the role of PKC-_ in diabetes-associated atherosclerosis. Several of these recent studies suggest that atherogenesis and plaque destabilization in diabetic individuals may be mediated by diabetes-specific mechanisms. This may open the door for developing tailored anti-atherosclerotic therapies for diabetic patients.
Bestuurskunde voorbij het maakbaarheidsdenken?
Authors: van Putten Robert 
Published: May 2015

Public Administration beyond social engineering
Public Administration has been confronted with an emerging body of literature on the subject of social engineering and the limitedness of governing society. At the same time, governance is considered to be more greedy. The aim of this article is to consider the implications of the boundaries of social engineering for Public Administration. This article reflects on these implications as follows. Firstly, this article gives an analysis of the relation between governance, policy and feasibility. Secondly, different definitions of feasibility are developed and related to Public Administration. These elements lead to the conclusion that Public Administration is part of the culture of perfecting. Thirdly, after rejecting fatalism, a new perspective for Public Administration can be found in thinking based on practical rationality.
What is Good Quality of Health Care?
Authors: Nylenna Magne , Bjertnaes Øyvind Andresen , Saunes Ingrid S. , Lindahl Anne Karin 
Published: May 2015

A diversity of definitions of quality exists, that frequently contain aspects of complexity, relativity and subjectivity. This paper provides an overview of key components in the quality debate within health care, including different perspectives and dimensions of the quality of care. Definitions of the quality of health care reflect the characteristics of health services, and are useful for measurements and quality improvement. Over time the patient perspective of quality has gotten increasing weight, and in quality improvement there has been a shift from individual responsibility for doctors and health care personnel to systems thinking. We argue that the quality approach in health care should be more standardized and that health care-specific definitions of quality should be used when the relationship between physician professionalism and quality is investigated.
Keywords: quality, health care, systems thinking, patient perspective, outcome, indicator, measurement, improvement.
Contract Termination and Insurance Enrollment Among Medicare Advantage Beneficiaries
Authors: Dixit Meehir N. , Trivedi Amal N. , Meyers David J. 
Published: August 2024

ImportanceApproximately one-fifth of Medicare Advantage (MA) contracts terminated their participation in the MA program between 2011 and 2020. Little is known about subsequent insurance choices following a termination.ObjectiveTo examine the insurance destinations of MA enrollees and the characteristics of enrollees who switch into traditional Medicare (TM) after a contract termination.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study examined MA program data of MA beneficiaries in the Medicare Master Beneficiary File from 2016 to 2018. Statistical analysis was performed from June 2023 to April 2024.ExposuresBeneficiary characteristics, including age, sex, race and ethnicity, dual eligibility; hospital, nursing home, and home health utilization; and contract characteristics, including plan type, vertical integration, premium, and MA star rating.Main Outcome and MeasuresThe main outcome was switching to TM in the year immediately after termination. We also evaluated the characteristics of contracts among those who remained in MA.ResultsA total of 117 681 beneficiaries were included in this analysis (64 654 [54.9%] female; 409 [0.4%] American Indian or Alaska Native; 2817 [2.4%] Asian; 76 725 [16.8%] Black; 11 131 [9.5%] Hispanic; 81 226 [69.0%] White; and 2373 [2.0%] other race or ethnicity; 27 078 [23.0%] dual-eligible; mean [SD] age, 71.2 [10.4] years). Following a contract termination, 20.1% (95% CI, 19.9%-20.4%) of enrollees switched to TM, including 32.7% (95% CI, 32.4%-33.1%) of dual-eligible beneficiaries and 16.4% (95% CI, 16.2%-16.5%) of non–dual-eligible beneficiaries. In nonterminated contracts, the concurrent switch rate was 6.2% (95% CI, 6.2%-6.2%) for all, 10.4% (95% CI, 10.4%-10.4%) for dual-eligible beneficiaries and 5.1% (95% CI, 5.1%-5.1%) for non–dual-eligible enrollees. The highest switch rates to TM were among Black enrollees (32.3% [95% CI, 31.7%-32.8%]) and those with prior use of hospital (31.3% [95% CI, 30.7%-31.9%], nursing home, 41.4% [95% CI, 40.4%-42.4%], or home health care (28.3% [95% CI, 27.4%-29.2%]). Beneficiaries who stayed in MA selected higher-rated star plans (mean posttermination contract star rating of 3.8 [95% CI, 3.8-3.8] stars compared with 3.3 [95% CI, 3.3-3.3] stars in the terminated year), but did not pay more in monthly premiums with 66.5% (95% CI, 66.2%-66.8%) paying the same or lower premiums.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study, 1 in 5 MA beneficiaries switched to TM after a contract termination, with Black beneficiaries and those with more intensive health needs having the highest switch rates. These findings highlight the need to examine consequences of contract terminations and subsequent insurance destinations on access to care and health outcomes, especially among those with marginalized race and ethnicity, those who are dual-eligible, and beneficiaries with higher health care needs.
Exploring postictal recovery with acetaminophen or nimodipine: A randomized‐controlled crossover trial
Authors: Pottkämper Julia C. M. , Verdijk Joey P. A. J. , Stuiver Sven , Aalbregt Eva , ten Doesschate Freek , Verwijk Esmée , Schmettow Martin , van Wingen Guido A. , van Putten Michel J. A. M. , Hofmeijer Jeannette , van Waarde Jeroen A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe postictal state is underrecognized in epilepsy. Animal models show improvement of postictal symptoms and cerebral perfusion with acetaminophen or nimodipine. We studied the effects of acetaminophen or nimodipine on postictal electroencephalographic (EEG) recovery, clinical reorientation, and hypoperfusion in patients with ECT‐induced seizures.MethodsIn this prospective clinical trial with three‐condition randomized crossover design, study interventions were administered orally 2 h before ECT sessions (1000 mg acetaminophen, 60 mg nimodipine, or a placebo condition). Primary outcome measure was the speed of postictal EEG recovery. Secondary outcomes were the extent of postictal EEG recovery, clinical reorientation time, and postictal cerebral blood flow as assessed by perfusion‐weighted MRI. Bayesian generalized mixed‐effects models were applied for analyses.ResultsWe included 300 seizures, postictal EEGs, and reorientation time values, and 76 MRI perfusion measures from 33 patients (median age 53 years, 19 female). Pretreatment with acetaminophen or nimodipine was not associated with change in speed of EEG recovery compared to placebo (1.13 [95%CI 0.92, 1.40] and 1.07 [95%CI 0.87, 1.31], respectively), nor with the secondary outcomes. No patient reached full EEG recovery at 1 h post‐seizure, despite clinical recovery in 89%. Longer seizures were associated with slower EEG recovery and lower postictal perfusion. Nimodipine altered regional perfusion in the posterior cortex.InterpretationPretreatment with acetaminophen or nimodipine did not alleviate symptoms and signs of the postictal state. Systematic study of the postictal state after ECT‐induced seizures is feasible.
A Clinical‐Grade Partially Decellularized Matrix for Tracheal Replacement: Validation In Vitro and In Vivo in a Porcine Model
Authors: Arakelian Lousineh , Léger Maëlys , Kellouche Sabrina , Agniel Rémy , Bruneval Patrick , Allain Jean Marc , Caputo Valentino , Gendron Nicolas , Gozlan Romane , Bargui Rezlene , Vigouroux Augustin , Sansac Caroline , Jarraya Mohamed , Denoyelle Françoise , Larghero Jérôme , Thierry Briac 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe management of extensive tracheal resection followed by circumferential replacement remains a surgical challenge. Numerous techniques are proposed with mixed results. Partial decellularization of the trachea with the removal of the mucosal and submucosal cells is a promising method, reducing immunogenicity while preserving the biomechanical properties of the final matrix. Despite many research protocols and proofs of concept, no standardized clinical grade protocol is described. Furthermore, local and systemic biointegration mechanisms of decellularized trachea are not well known. Therefore, in a translational research perspective, this work set up a partial tracheal decellularization protocol in line with Cell and Tissue Products regulations. Extensive characterization of the final product is performed in vitro and in vivo. The results show that the Partially Decellularized Trachea (PDT) is cell‐free in the mucosa and submucosa, while the cartilage structure is preserved, maintaining the biomechanical properties of the trachea. When implanted in the muscle in vivo for 28 days, no systemic inflammation is observed, and locally, the PDT shows an excellent biointegration and vascularization. No signs of graft rejection are observed. These encouraging results confirmed the efficacy of the clinical grade PDT production protocol, which is an important step for future clinical applications.
Controllable Regulation of MoS2 Surface Atomic Exposure for Boosting Interfacial Polarization and Microwave Absorption
Authors: Wang Jian , Wu Zhengchen , Yang Chendi , Chen Guanyu , Yuan Mingyue , Li Bangxin , Lai Yuxiang , Che Renchao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAtomic‐level surface design of 2D materials, which benefits from their ultra‐high occupancy of surface atoms, has demonstrated significant potential for regulating electronic states. Despite efforts to explore heterojunctions on 2D surfaces, the stacking‐dominated surface electronic structures and their influences on dielectric polarization remain unclear. Herein, a confined growth strategy is proposed to accurately adjust the surface atom occupancy of MoS2 nanoflakes and thereby boost the polarization‐dominated microwave absorption (MA). By altering the stacking layer number from single layers to tens of layers of MoS2, the charge transfer from graphite substrate to MoS2 surface atoms, accompanied by the formation of local electric fields, reaches its highest intensity at two layers and then degrades dramatically with thicker MoS2 nanoflakes. The strengthened dielectric properties eventually enhance the MA performance, increasing the maximum absorption intensity (41.9 dB) by 346% and the effective absorption bandwidth (3 GHz) by 750%. These discoveries shed new light on the electronic modification of 2D materials and their electromagnetic functionalization.
Direct C−C Bond Cleavage of CH3CN as a Single‐Carbon Synthon: Synthesis of Pyrrolo[1,2‐a]quinoxalines via Electrochemical Oxidation
Authors: Sun Fengkai , Miao Man , Li Wenxue , Lan Xiao‐Bing , Yu Jian‐Qiang , Zhang Jian , An Zhenyu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA direct electrochemical redox reaction involving radical cross‐coupling cyclization for the synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2‐a]quinoxaline derivatives from 1‐(2‐aminophenyl)pyrroles and CH3CN has been developed, which includes the functionalization of C(sp3)−H bonds as well as the construction of C−C and C−N bonds. Notably, the control and deuterium‐labelling experiments suggest that CH3CN in this reaction acts as both a carbon source via C−C cleavage and solvent. The reaction features metal‐ and oxidant‐free conditions, and various substituted pyrrolo[1,2‐a]quinoxaline derivatives were obtained.
MgB2Se4 Spinels (B = Sc, Y, Er, Tm) as Potential Mg‐Ion Solid Electrolytes – Partial Ionic Conductivity and the Ion Migration Barrier
Authors: Glaser Clarissa , Dillenz Manuel , Sarkar Kanchan , Sotoudeh Mohsen , Wei Zhixuan , Indris Sylvio , Maile Ruben , Rohnke Marcus , Müller‐Buschbaum Klaus , Groß Axel , Janek Jürgen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe magnesium chalcogenide spinel MgSc2Se4 with high Mg‐ion room‐temperature conductivity has recently attracted interest as solid electrolyte for magnesium ion batteries. Its ionic/electronic mixed‐conducting nature and the influence of the spinel composition on the conductivity and Mg2+ migration barrier are yet not well understood. Here, results from a combined experimental and computational study on four MgB2Se4 spinels (B = Sc, Y, Er, Tm) are presented. The room‐temperature ionic conductivities (σion = 2 × 10−5–7 × 10–5 S cm−1) of the spinels are accurately measured, as electron transport is effectively suppressed by purely Mg‐ion conducting electrode interlayers. Using the same approach, reversible Mg plating/stripping as well as good electrochemical stability are achieved. Driven by the good accordance of the computationally and experimentally obtained Mg2+ migration barriers Ea(th) and Ea, respectively, further periodic density functional calculations are performed on the MgB2Se4 spinel system, revealing the role of trigonal distortion on the migration path geometry and Ea(th). These findings provide deeper understanding how to reach small Mg2+ migration barriers Ea in the MgB2Se4 spinels.