bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of IL28B and PNPLA3 polymorphisms on treatment outcomes in patients infected with genotype 6 hepatitis C virus
Authors: Wong Grace Lai‐Hung , Chan Henry Lik‐Yuen , Tse Chi‐Hang , Chan Polly Oi‐Ying , Cheng Joe Cho‐Yiu , Cheng Jackie Siu‐Woon , Lau Sharon Hoi‐Ying , Lee Elbert Kam‐Yeung , Ma Justin Ming‐Yin , Chan Anthony Wing‐Hung , Choi Paul Cheung‐Lung , Wong Vincent Wai‐Sun 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackground/AimsInterleukin‐28B (IL28B) and patatin‐like phospholipase domain containing 3 (PNPLA3) gene polymorphisms are associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) clearance and fatty liver, respectively. We aimed to test if their polymorphisms are associated with virologic responses in Chinese chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients.MethodsThis was a retrospective‐prospective cohort study. Consecutive patients infected by genotype 1 and 6 HCV received antiviral therapy were included. Host IL‐28B rs12979860/rs8099917 and PNPLA3 rs738409 genotype were tested. The primary outcome was sustained virologic response (sustained virologic response [SVR]: undetectable HCV RNA 24 weeks post‐treatment).ResultsFrom 305 patients had positive antibody to HCV, 52 and 31 patients infected by genotype 1 and 6 HCV, respectively were recruited. Mean age was 58 ± 11 years; 70% were male. Mean baseline HCV RNA was 6.8 ± 2.7 log IU/ml. The SVR for patients infected by genotype 1 and 6 HCV was 67.3% and 90.3%, respectively. The proportions of IL28B genotypes were 78%, 21%, and 1% for TT/TG/GG at rs8099917, and 81%, 18%, and 1% for CC/TC/TT at rs12979860, respectively. The proportions of PNPLA3 rs738409 genotypes were 16%, 36%, and 48% for GG/GC/CC. IL28B genotype was significantly associated with SVR in patients infected by genotype 1 but not genotype 6 HCV, with 80% versus 38% of patients infected by genotype 1 achieved SVR carried TT versus TG/GG at rs8099917, respectively (P = 0.003). PNPLA3 genotype was not associated with SVR.ConclusionsIL28B gene with rs8099917 T allele as an independent predictor of SVR in Chinese CHC patients infected by genotype 1 but not genotype 6 HCV.
Small bowel patency assessment using the patency device and a novel targeted (limited radiation) computed tomography‐based protocol
Authors: Assadsangabi Arash , Blakeborough Anthony , Drew Kaye , Lobo Alan J , Sidhu Reena , McAlindon Mark E 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackground and AimExcretion of the patency capsule (PC) within a certain time frame may be used to demonstrate luminal patency prior to capsule endoscopy (CE). We aimed to determine how often further radiological imaging is needed to confirm luminal patency after PC, assess radiologists' ability to locate the PC on plain abdominal films, and evaluate the outcomes of a novel computed tomography (CT) protocol for PC localization.MethodsA study of the ability of radiologists to localize PC using plain abdominal films was performed. A novel protocol targeting a limited CT at the level of the PC identified on the “scout” film if retained 30 h post‐ingestion was prospectively evaluated in 400 consecutive patients undergoing PC.ResultsIn a study of the confidence with which radiologists could localize the PC on plain films, radiologists preferred abdominal CT to localize PCs identified on plain films in 74% of cases. In a protocol based on the use of a PC and targeted, limited CT scan to confirm small bowel patency in those failing to excrete the PC 30 h post‐ingestion, the sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive value were 99.4%, 90.0%, 99.7%, and 81.0%, respectively. Crohn's disease was the only statistically significant predictor associated with higher risk of luminal stricture (P = 0.001) in post‐hoc analysis.ConclusionsExcretion of the PC 30 h post‐ingestion reliably predicts safe CE passage. Plain abdominal radiology is unreliable and a scout film targeted, limited CT scan offers an accurate minimal radiation method of determining small bowel patency.
“An Instrument for Reaching Into Experience”: Progressive Film at the Rockefeller Boards, 1934–1945
Authors: Aitken Rob 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe emergence of progressive filmmaking in the interwar period is often associated with John Grierson, the British documentary movement and the influence it traced abroad. This paper argues, however, that more particular attention needs to attend the specific context for progressive filmmaking in the United States. To make this argument, this paper foregrounds two strands of progressive filmmaking that were pursued alongside, and often in tension with each other at the Rockefeller Boards between 1934 and 1945. The Rockefeller Boards pursued both a version of social‐realist documentary in the Griersonian tradition as well as a project focused on “human relations” films. As this paper suggests, the human relations project contrasted with Grierson's social documentary by linking film to a particular kind of psychological interior; a self not oriented to the social world but to the internal spaces of psychological and personality development. This implies a complex process of cultural diffusion in which Grierson's model was filtered through, and ultimately displaced by, a set of concerns and preoccupations unique to the American context.
Patient Perception and Satisfaction with Implant Therapy in a Predoctoral Implant Education Program: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Lee Damian J. , Yuan Judy Chia‐Chun , Hedger Philip J. , Taylor Emily J. , Harlow Rand F. , Knoernschild Kent L. , Campbell Stephen D. , Sukotjo Cortino 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to assess the level of satisfaction and quality of life for patients receiving mandibular implant‐supported overdenture (IOD) or single‐tooth implant (STI) therapy in a predoctoral dental implant program.Materials and MethodsPatients who received IOD and STI therapy and presented for recall visits at University of Illinois‐Chicago College of Dentistry Predoctoral Implant Program were recruited. IOD treatment included placement of two endosseous implants in the mandibular canine region, followed by two abutments for resilient attachments. STI treatment included placement of endosseous implants, abutments, and cement‐retained crowns. A modified Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP)‐14 questionnaire was given at least 6 months following insertion of implant‐supported prostheses for both groups. Patient age, gender, distribution of STI, and OHIP‐14 data were gathered and analyzed. Descriptive statistics were used to assess post‐treatment data; Mann‐Whitney U test was used to analyze the differences between groups older and younger than mean age and gender among the IOD and STI groups.ResultsFifty‐one consecutive patients in the IOD (60.7% male, 39.2% female, mean age 63.7) and 50 consecutive patients in the STI group (58.0% female, 42.0% male, mean age 50.8) were included in this recall study. In the STI group, 69 implants were placed for 50 patients; the most common region was the maxillary posterior quadrant (49.3%). Scores from modified OHIP‐14 ranged from 0.14 to 0.78 for the IOD group and 0.02 to 0.18 for the STI group. Both IOD and STI data showed satisfaction with the treatment outcome. There was a significant difference found between men and women among the IOD group pertaining to questions regarding pronouncing words, sense of taste, meal interruption, and feeling embarrassed from OHIP‐14, but not between the age groups. Also, no significant differences were noted for gender or age group within the STI patients and OHIP‐14 scores.ConclusionDental implant therapy provided in a predoctoral setting had a significant impact on the quality of life and a high level of satisfaction for patients seeking implant treatment.
Influence of Occlusal Force on Electroencephalograms in Edentulous Patients
Authors: Morokuma Masakazu , Yoneyama Yoshikazu , Matsuda Risa , Hosoi Toshio , Ohkubo Chikahiro 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPurposeThis study explored the effect of improved occlusal force resulting from complete denture treatment on electroencephalogram (EEG) findings to determine if such an outcome is a factor contributing to activation of synaptic/neuronal dysfunction in the brain.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐three individuals with complete upper and lower dentures who visited the Department of Removable Prosthodontics at Tsurumi University Dental Hospital were included in this study. The Dental Prescale Occluzer FPD‐705 system was used to perform an objective measurement of occlusal force before and after denture treatment. EEGs were recorded for 3 minutes in patients receiving complete dentures before and after denture treatment. Then, Dα values were calculated using a diagnosis method of neuronal dysfunction analysis to evaluate changes in synaptic/neuronal dysfunction of the brain. To investigate whether occlusal force affects Dα, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (α = 0.05) was used to test the association between occlusal force (N) and Dα based on the rates of change in occlusal force and Dα calculated by dividing the measurement values after denture treatment by the measurement values before denture treatment.ResultsMedial occlusal force increased from 184.9 N before treatment to 277.2 N after treatment. A statistically significant increase in occlusal force (p < 0.05) was observed, with a total of 22 participants exhibiting increased occlusal force after denture treatment. The medial Dα value increased from 0.943 before treatment to 0.957 after treatment. A statistically significant increase in Dα (p < 0.05) was observed, and a total of 19 participants exhibited increased Dα values after denture treatment. The regression line was calculated as Y = 14.049X – 12.450. As occlusal force increased, Dα values increased as well. A significant positive correlation was observed between occlusal force and Dα (r = 0.498, p < 0.05).ConclusionsA positive correlation was observed between improved occlusal force attained via complete denture treatment and the activation of Dα. This finding reveals occlusal force as a denture treatment outcome that contributes to the activation of synaptic/neuronal dysfunction in the brain.
Factors impacting parental burden in food‐allergic children
Authors: Allen Clare W , Bidarkar Manasee S , vanNunen Sheryl A , Campbell Dianne E 
Published: January 2015

AimThis study aims to determine factors impacting the parental burden in immunoglobulin E (IgE)‐mediated food‐allergic children (FAC), focusing on attitudes towards adrenaline autoinjectors (AAIs).MethodsQuestionnaires were sent to parents of diagnosed IgE‐mediated FAC attending follow‐up allergy clinic appointments at two Sydney hospitals in May–September 2013. The questionnaires ascertained parental attitudes, confidence and knowledge regarding AAIs and included the validated, Food Allergy Quality of Life‐Parental Burden (FAQL‐PB) questionnaire.ResultsThe response rate was 68%. Of FAC, 62% were male aged 1–17 years (median 6.0). There was a high proportion of children with multiple food allergies (52% allergic to >2 foods), coexistant eczema (85%) and asthma (54%). Sixty‐three per cent reported a past history of anaphylaxis and 42% reported reactions in the last 6 months. AAI had been prescribed for 84%. FAC with a history of anaphylaxis were more likely to have had an AAI prescribed (P < 0.0001). There was no difference in FAQL‐PB mean scores with age or AAI prescription status. The PB score was greater if the parent had administered the AAI (P = 0.02) and where the child was allergic to >2 foods (P < 0.0001).The Ninety per cent of parents reported that the AAI increased or did not change the child's quality of life, the family or FACs freedom. Three per cent of parents whose FAC children were prescribed an AAI reported increased stress related to AAI prescription.ConclusionSeverity of food allergy, number of food allergens and past anaphylaxis rather than prescription of an AAI appear to be major influences on parental burden.
Structural and functional diversification of HORMA domain‐containing proteins
Authors: ZHANG Luo‐Yan , ZHU Zhu , YANG Ji 
Published: January 2015

AbstractHORMA domain‐containing proteins play important roles in cell cycle regulation and DNA repair, acting as adaptors to recruit other proteins. Although containing the conserved HORMA domain in structure, different types of HORMA proteins have diverged significantly in function. The mechanisms underlying the evolution and functional diversification of HORMA proteins remain unclear. Here we conduct an integrative approach, combining sequence, structural, gene coexpression and protein–protein interaction data, to trace the structural and functional evolution of HORMA proteins. Comparative sequence and structure analysis revealed that variations in both amino acid sequence and domain composition contributed to the functional diversification of different HORMA domain‐containing proteins. Multiple amino acid substitutions at the C‐terminal region promoted the functional divergence between MAD2 and REV7 by facilitating interaction with different partners. The emergence of the HOP1CTD domain contributed to the function of HOP1 as a meiosis‐specific structural component of the lateral elements of the synaptonemal complex. Additionally, different types of HORMA proteins were recruited into different functional modules in the genetic network while functioning distinctly.
Transforming Structural Breakdown into Sensory Perception of Texture
Authors: Foegeding E. Allen , Vinyard Christopher J. , Essick Gregory , Guest Steve , Campbell Caroline 
Published: January 2015

AbstractFood structure research has historically focused on building and stabilizing specific structural elements. Precise execution of unit operations in food processing is required to ensure consistent structure formation, but does not explain why a particular structure is desirable. The pattern by which food structure breaks down during oral processing, generating texture, flavor and taste, determines the acceptability of a food. However, breakdown patterns and textural perception associated with desirable food qualities are not well understood. Food materials are classified based on their physical state (liquids, semisolids or solids) and interactions with surfaces (adhesive or nonadhesive). Physical and chemical processes during oral processing are used to further characterize each food category. Typical processes include particle reduction, dissolution, hydration, removal of food from oral surface and bolus formation. This review presents a framework for classifying food materials and material transformations during oral processing in order to identify their contributions to texture perception.Practical ApplicationsThere is a constant desire to reformulate or modify foods based on economic, sustainability, health and dietary considerations. One goal of a reformulated food is to change the composition but cause no significant changes in flavor, taste and textural properties associated with desirability. An alternative goal is to modulate a specific textural element to make the food more acceptable to a target population (e.g., those with compromised chewing ability). Both goals require an understanding of the fundamental elements that cause specific textural properties. This manuscript presents an overview of how the breakdown of food structure during oral processing generates the cognition of textural properties. Once textural properties are understood based on specific elements of structural transitions, this will allow for development of textures for specific market segments (e.g., vegan, gluten free or swallowing disorders) as well as the ability to control nutrient bioavailability and flavor release.
Enzymatic Modification to Stabilize the Fermented Milk Drink, Doogh
Authors: Shirkhani Mohammad , Madadlou Ashkan , Khosrowshahi Asghar 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn this study, the effect of enzyme transglutaminase on physicochemical and sensory characteristics of the fermented milk drink, Doogh, was investigated. Also, the influence of two preparation methods, i.e., water addition to yoghurt as a common method and fermentation of diluted milk as an alternative, was studied. The enzyme was applied into the skim milk either before or after pasteurization followed by thermal inactivation. Doogh prepared by fermentation of diluted milk resulted in more stable products with less phase separation. Enzymatic treatment after pasteurization of milk followed by water addition and fermentation yielded the least phase separation during storage. Doogh stability was associated with improvement of other physicochemical properties of the product such as increase in the apparent viscosity, storage modulus and uniformity of particles accompanied by whiter appearance and finer meshed network and smaller pores in their microscopic structure. Enzymatic treatment resulted in lower sensory scores evaluated by panelists.Practical ApplicationsFermented milk drinks, including the Iranian Doogh, are healthy and refreshing beverages. Serum separation is the main textural defect in these types of products. Transglutaminase, a cross‐linking enzyme, can be used to improve the physicochemical characteristics of Doogh. Application of transglutaminase after pasteurization in water‐added milk as an alteration in industrial processing causes more stable product, less energy consumption especially at the cooling step and faster preparation. In Doogh manufacturing, transglutaminase must be inactive to prevent forming protein clots during storage; therefore, transglutaminase cannot be added simultaneously with starter culture in this case.
Back Extrusion Rheology for Evaluating the Transitional Effects of High Pressure Processing of Egg Components
Authors: Ramaswamy Hosahalli S. , Singh Ajaypal , Sharma Monica 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn this study, a back extrusion concept was used to evaluate the rheological properties of egg components treated by high pressure processing. Rheological properties, such as viscosity index (ɳ) and apparent elasticity (Ea) of egg components, were evaluated using a central composite design with three independent variables included at five levels. The variables used were high pressure (350−550 MPa), treatment time (10–20 min) and temperature (15−35C). Apparent viscosity was also evaluated using a conventional rheology, using a parallel plate rotational viscometer. Viscosity index and apparent elasticity of various egg components were found to increase significantly (P < 0.05) with an increase in treatment intensity. A relationship between apparent viscosity (rheological) and viscosity index (textural properties) was established. It revealed positive correlations for all egg components (egg white, egg yolk and whole liquid egg) with R2 values higher than 0.95.Practical ApplicationsTextural/rheological characteristics play a significant role in determining the functional properties of whole liquid egg, egg white or egg yolk. Liquid foods are usually characterized by conventional viscometry and solid foods by their texture. The transition between liquid and solid covering the semi‐solid consistency poses measurement problems for both techniques. Back extrusion rheology can be used to bridge the gap between the two. High pressure processing allows the liquid egg components to be transformed from liquid to a gel‐like to a solid consistency, depending on the applied pressure level, temperature and time. Hence, back extrusion rheology is ideally suitable for studying texture formation in egg products during high pressure processing.
Lathyrus hirsutus (Caley Pea) Intoxication in a Herd of Horses
Authors: Holbrook T.C. , Gilliam L.L. , Stein F.P. , Morgan S.E. , Avery A.L. , Confer A.W. , Panciera R.J. 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundCaley Pea (Lathyrus hirsutus) is potentially toxic to horses, but large case series are not reported.ObjectivesTo describe the clinical signs of horses intoxicated with Lathyrus hirsutus and speculate on the neuroanatomical lesion localization and pathogenesis based upon the observed clinical signs.AnimalsTwenty‐two of 25 horses ranging in age from 6 to 34 months were affected. Five affected horses were presented to the OSUCHVS for evaluation and treatment after having been attended at the ranch by a local veterinarian (ALA). An additional horse that had been euthanized was also presented for necropsy.MethodsA case series is presented. Diagnostic evaluation included: physical examination, complete blood count, serum biochemistry, CSF analysis, EMG, ERG, upper airway endoscopy, muscle biopsy, and serum vitamin E analysis. The grain ration consumed by the affected horses was analyzed for ionophores and cultured for fungi: the hay was examined for toxic plants.ResultsBermuda grass hay consumed by the horses contained large quantities of mature Lathyrus hirsutus. Acute clinical signs conform to earlier descriptions of Lathyrus hirsutus intoxication in cattle. Residual neurologic signs were characterized by incoordination in the rhythmicity of multiple gaits. Evidence of mild neurogenic muscle atrophy was recognized in 1 of 5 horses biopsied.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceCaley Pea intoxication may occur within days of seed pod consumption. The neurologic signs are unique and suggest involvement of the upper motor neuron system and regions of the spinal cord influencing voluntary motor movement. Drought conditions during plant growth may increase the risk of toxicosis.
Echocardiographic Evaluation of Myocardial Changes Observed After Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Dogs
Authors: Hamabe L. , Kim S. , Yoshiyuki R. , Fukayama T. , Nakata T.M. , Fukushima R. , Tanaka R. 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundClosure of PDA can be associated with echocardiographic changes including deterioration of LV systolic function. Although PDA is commonly encountered in dogs, few comprehensive reports of echocardiographic changes in dogs with PDA closure are available.ObjectivesTo evaluate the short‐term echocardiographic changes observed after PDA closure in dogs using strain analysis.AnimalsSeventeen client‐owned dogs with left‐to‐right PDA.MethodsEchocardiographic evaluations, including standard echocardiography and two‐dimensional tissue tracking (2DTT), were performed before and within 3 days of PDA closure.ResultsPreclosure examination showed LV and left atrial dilatation indicating volume overload as a result of PDA. Closure of PDA resulted in significant reduction of LVIDd (<.0001) and LA/Ao (0.01) without change in LVIDs, suggestive of decreased preload. Postclosure LV systolic dysfunction was observed with significant decreased in FS (<.0001) and strain values (P = .0039 for radial strains, P = .0005 for circumferential strains). Additionally, significant LV dyssynchrony (P = .0162) was observed after closure of PDA.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceClosure of PDA resulted in decreased preload as a result of alleviation of LV volume overload, which in turn caused transient deterioration of LV systolic function. Additionally, this study demonstrated that strain analysis is load dependent. Therefore, care should be taken when interpreting strain measurements as an indicator of LV systolic function.