bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New transmigration ‘paradigm’ in Indonesia: Examples from Kalimantan
Authors: Potter Lesley 
Published: December 2012

AbstractTransmigration from Java to rural areas of the ‘outer islands’ appeared finished in Indonesia after the fall of the Suharto regime in 1998 and decentralisation in 2001. However, the rapid growth of oil palm plantations in the past decade has led to a renewed call for transmigrants by district heads seeking an expanded labour force. A new system has evolved on a district‐to‐district basis with applicants in ‘sending districts’ (in Java, Bali and the poorer provinces of East and West Nusa Tenggara) being matched to requests from ‘receiving districts’ (in Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi and Papua), which largely depend on levels of plantation investment near proposed new transmigration sites. Coordination is in the hands of a rebranded central Ministry of Manpower and Transmigration. Integral to the ‘spatial’ organisation of the new transmigration will be the creation of towns or cities, known as KotaTerpadu Mandiri (‘Integrated self‐sufficient city’). A new transmigration region (with its oil palm plantations) will form the ‘embryo’ for the city's growth. Although these arrangements will aim to reduce poverty, their social and environmental costs have not been evaluated. Examples of these new schemes in parts of Central Kalimantan are discussed, with brief comparisons of earlier transmigration projects.
Higher allergenicity of high molecular weight hydrolysed wheat protein in cosmetics for percutaneous sensitization
Authors: Chinuki Yuko , Takahashi Hitoshi , Dekio Itaru , Kaneko Sakae , Tokuda Reiko , Nagao Mizuho , Fujisawa Takao , Morita Eishin 
Published: December 2012

Background Wheat protein derivatives are used in a variety of products worldwide. Gluten is commercially used ‘as is' or with modifications such as hydrolysis, which is carried out to overcome its insolubility. Several cases of contact urticaria following exposure to hydrolysed wheat protein (HWP) in cosmetics or of anaphylaxis caused by deamidated gluten in food or non‐food products have been described.Objectives To evaluate the types of HWP that have higher allergenicity for percutaneous sensitization.Methods We enrolled 7 patients with wheat‐dependent exercise‐induced anaphylaxis who had been sensitized to HWP primarily through the percutaneous and/or the rhinoconjunctival route by using facial soap containing HWP. Reaction to wheat proteins was confirmed by IgE immunoblotting and basophil CD203c expression with six HWP variants.Results The IgE of all the patients reacted to HWPs composed of large polypeptide aggregates. High molecular weight (MW) HWPs were also found to induce significant enhancement of basophil CD203c expression.Conclusions HWPs composed of large polypeptide aggregates possibly induce sensitization to a greater degree than lower‐MW HWPs. Basophil surface CD203c expression is useful for evaluating the allergenicity of HWPs.
Predicting persistence in a changing climate: flow direction and limitations to redistribution
Authors: Sorte Cascade J. B. 
Published: December 2012

SynthesisImpending climate changes beg the question: which populations and species will go extinct and which will persist under future environmental conditions? When tolerance in situ is not possible, then species must undergo range shifts to avoid extinction. This synthesis explores ways in which directional air and water flow could impede such redistribution and the characteristics that might allow species to disperse against the flow. Considering flow patterns in tandem with climate and range projections has the potential to improve predictions of persistence for the earth’s many non‐moving foundation and basal species as well as the communities and food webs that they support.Predicting which populations and species will persist (i.e. avoid extinction and continue to exist) in the face of climate change requires an understanding of mechanisms that allow species to cope with altered environmental conditions. When processes of tolerance, acclimation, and adaptation are insufficient to allow persistence in situ, redistribution is required for population or species persistence. Here, I review evidence that directional flows of water and air have the potential to restrict species’ range boundaries under ambient conditions, the spread of introduced species, and the redistribution of native species under changing climatic conditions. I develop the hypothesis that flow patterns, such as the speed and directionality (i.e. poleward vs equatorward) of asymmetric air and water currents, may need to be considered when assessing the vulnerability of populations and species to climate change. To the degree that directional flows are found to limit redistribution, there may be disproportionate losses of diversity where the dominant flow direction opposes that of shifting climate space. Within this context, I highlight flow conditions and life‐history traits that could help the most passively‐dispersed species redistribute to track changing climate. These predictions merit further examination in order to better anticipate which populations, species, and associated communities are likely to persist under climate change.
Triple swabbing allows sensitive MRSA detection in dermatologic patients of a university tertiary care hospital
Authors: Daeschlein Georg , Bloom Tina , von Podewils Sebastian , Assadian Ojan , Wagenvoort Johann HT , Riebe Helene , Fochler Sebastian , Al‐Jebori Abdulkareem , Karsai Syrus , Kaisermayer Ellen , Haase Hermann , Scholz Sebastian , Jünger Michael 
Published: December 2012

SummaryBackgroundTo optimize preventive measures to control MRSA, we investigated retrospectively the suitability of a multiple site screening model and the optimal sampling technique to detect MRSA in a university‐based phlebology and skin cancer center in Germany.Patients and MethodsDuring 4.5 years samples of 3 712 inpatients in a dermatologic department were analyzed for MRSA by conventional microbiologic cultures and in parallel by PCR. Samples were taken from nares, wounds and skin lesions.ResultsMRSA was detected in 60 inpatients (1.6%). 268 of 7 269 (3.7%) samples at admission and during hospital stay were found positive ñ 96 (35.8%) of these were swabs of nares, 59 (22.0%) surveillance swabs, 53 (19.8%) wound swabs and 42 (15.7%) from other dermatologic lesions. Twenty‐five of 60 patients (41.7%) were found positive only in the nares, 10 (16.7%) patients only in wounds and 4 (6.7%) patients only in lesions. 166 (61.9%) of all positive culture samples became positive 24 hours after cultivation, 86 (32.1%) after 48 hours, and 16 (6.0%) after 72 hours.ConclusionsHighest sensitivity to detect MRSA can be reached by combining three swabs: nares, wounds and skin lesions (ìtriple‐testî). Culture of screening specimens for 72 hours is recommended.
A focused review on acne‐induced and aesthetic procedure‐related postinflammatory hyperpigmentation in Asians
Authors: Eimpunth S. , Wanitphadeedecha R. , Manuskiatti W. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractPostinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) is a common consequence following cutaneous inflammation in dark‐skinned individuals with Fitzpatrick skin phototypes (SPTs) III–VI. The exact pathogenesis of this condition is unknown, but is believed to be an integral part of the normal response of the skin to inflammatory stimuli. PIH can last from months to years and may significantly impair quality of life of affected individuals. The primary treatment of PIH is prevention and treatment of the underlying inflammatory condition. In addition to prevention, there are a variety of medication and procedures used to treat PIH. Although topical skin‐depigmenting agents remain the treatment of choice for PIH, lasers and light sources may be an effective adjunctive therapy or alternative for treatment failures. When treating PIH, any treatment options selected should be optimized and utilized carefully because the treatments itself may worsen the PIH.
Comparison Between AMS 700™ CX and Coloplast™ Titan Inflatable Penile Prosthesis for Peyronie's Disease Treatment and Remodeling: Clinical Outcomes and Patient Satisfaction
Authors: Chung Eric , Solomon Matthew , DeYoung Ling , Brock Gerald B. 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The implantation of inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) with simultaneous manual penile remodeling allows for men to undergo a single procedure aimed at correcting both the penile deformity/curvature and erectile dysfunction (ED).

Aim
To evaluate the clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction in men with Peyronie's disease (PD) and ED who underwent AMS 700™ CX and the newer Coloplast™ Titan inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) implant.

Main Outcome Measures
Patient demographics, type of IPP, clinical outcomes, post-implant sexual characteristics, and overall patient satisfaction.

Methods
A single-center retrospective review of clinical database and prospective telephone survey were conducted in all men with PD who underwent IPP between January 2006 and November 2010.

Results
A total of 138 patients with an average age of 57.7 (32 to 80) underwent AMS 700 CX (88 patients) and Coloplast Titans (50 patients) IPP implantation during the 5-year period. The majority of patients (91%) had only one IPP implantation. The IPP clinical outcomes include eight (6%) revision surgery for device malfunction and three (2%) device explantation for prosthesis infection. While there was no statistically significance in device survival between the two devices, the trend favored AMS 700 CX over Titan (5-year Kaplan-Meier estimates of mechanical survival were 91% vs. 87%, P &gt; 0.05) and both IPPs provided similar penile straightening without the need for revision surgery. Most men (79%) reported great satisfaction following CX or Titan implants with greater than two thirds of men reported greater self-confidence and 82% of patients would undergo the same operation again.

Conclusions
AMS 700™ CX and Coloplast™ Titan IPP implantation and penile remodeling appeared to provide permanent penile straightening and high patient satisfaction without an increase risk of revision surgery.
Global genetic analysis reveals the putative native source of the invasive termite, Reticulitermes flavipes, in France
Authors: Perdereau E. , Bagnères A. ‐G. , Bankhead‐Dronnet S. , Dupont S. , Zimmermann M. , Vargo E. L. , Dedeine F. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBiological invasions are recognized as a major threat to both natural and managed ecosystems. Phylogeographic and population genetic analyses can provide information about the geographical origins and patterns of introduction and explain the causes and mechanisms by which introduced species have become successful invaders. Reticulitermes flavipes is a North American subterranean termite that has been introduced into several areas, including France where introduced populations have become invasive. To identify likely source populations in the USA and to compare the genetic diversity of both native and introduced populations, an extensive molecular genetic study was undertaken using the COII region of mtDNA and 15 microsatellite loci. Our results showed that native northern US populations appeared well differentiated from those of the southern part of the US range. Phylogenetic analysis of both mitochondrial and nuclear markers showed that French populations probably originated from southeastern US populations, and more specifically from Louisiana. All of the mtDNA haplotypes shared between the United States and France were found in Louisiana. Compared to native populations in Louisiana, French populations show lower genetic diversity at both mtDNA and microsatellite markers. These findings are discussed along with the invasion routes of R. flavipes as well as the possible mechanisms by which French populations have evolved after their introduction.
YopK controls both rate and fidelity of Yop translocation
Authors: Dewoody Rebecca , Merritt Peter M. , Marketon Melanie M. 
Published: December 2012

SummaryYersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, utilizes a type III secretion system (T3SS) to intoxicate host cells. The injection of T3SS substrates must be carefully controlled, and dysregulation leads to altered infection kinetics and early clearance of Y. pestis. While the sequence of events leading up to cell contact and initiation of translocation has received much attention, the regulatory events that take place after effector translocation is less understood. Here we show that the regulator YopK is required to maintain fidelity of substrate specificity, in addition to controlling translocation rate. YopK was found to interact with YopD within targeted cells during Y. pestis infection, suggesting that YopK's regulatory mechanism involves a direct interaction with the translocation pore. In addition, we identified a single amino acid in YopK that is essential for translocation rate regulation but is dispensable for maintaining fidelity of translocation. Furthermore, we found that expression of YopK within host cells was sufficient to downregulate translocation rate, but it did not affect translocation fidelity. Together, our data support a model in which YopK is a bifunctional protein whose activities are genetically and spatially distinct such that fidelity control occurs within bacteria and rate control occurs within host cells.
Ciprofloxacin shows synergism with classical antifungals against Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum and Coccidioides posadasii
Authors: Brilhante R. S. N. , Caetano E. P. , Sidrim J. J. C. , Cordeiro R. A. , Camargo Z. P. , Fechine M. A. B. , Lima R. A. C. , Castelo Branco D. S. C. M. , Marques F. J. F. , Mesquita J. R. L. , Lima D. T. , Monteiro A. J. , Rocha M. F. G. 
Published: December 2012

SummaryThis study evaluated the in vitro interaction between ciprofloxacin (CIP) and classical antifungals against Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum in mycelial (n = 16) and yeast‐like forms (n = 9) and Coccidioides posadasii in mycelial form (n = 16). This research was conducted through broth microdilution and macrodilution, according to Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute. Inocula were prepared to obtain from 0.5 × 103 to 2.5 × 104 cfu ml−1 for H. capsulatum and from 103 to 5 × 103 cfu ml−1 for C. posadasii. Initially, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for each drug alone was determined. Then, these MICs were used as the highest concentration for each drug during combination assays. The procedures were performed in duplicate. For all combination assays, MICs were defined as the lowest concentration capable of inhibiting 80% of visible fungal growth, when compared to the drug‐free control. Drug interaction was evaluated by paired sample t‐Student test. The obtained data showed a significant MIC reduction for most tested combinations of CIP with antifungals, except for that of CIP and voriconazole against yeast‐like H. capsulatum. This study brings potential alternatives for the treatment of histoplasmosis and coccidioidomycosis, raising the possibility of using CIP as an adjuvant antifungal therapy, providing perspectives to delineate in vivo studies.
Mitochondria are an early target of oxidative modifications in senescing legume nodules
Authors: Matamoros Manuel A. , Fernández‐García Nieves , Wienkoop Stefanie , Loscos Jorge , Saiz Ana , Becana Manuel 
Published: December 2012

Summary

Legume nodule senescence is a poorly understood process involving a decrease in N2 fixation and an increase in proteolytic activity. Some physiological changes during nodule aging have been reported, but scarce information is available at the subcellular level.

Biochemical, immunological and proteomic approaches were used to provide insight into the effects of aging on the mitochondria and cytosol of nodule host cells.

In the mitochondria, the oxidative modification of lipids and proteins was associated with a marked decline in glutathione, a reduced capacity to regenerate ascorbate, and upregulation of alternative oxidase and manganese superoxide dismutase. In the cytosol, there were consistent reductions in the protein concentrations of carbon metabolism enzymes, inhibition of protein synthesis and increase in serine proteinase activity, disorganization of cytoskeleton, and a sharp reduction of cytosolic proteins, but no detectable accumulation of oxidized molecules.

We conclude that nodule mitochondria are an early target of oxidative modifications and a likely source of redox signals. Alternative oxidase and manganese superoxide dismutase may play important roles in controlling ROS concentrations and the redox state of mitochondria. The finding that specific methionine residues of a cytosolic glutamine synthetase isoform are sulfoxidized suggests a regulatory role of this enzyme in senescing nodules.
Microvessel density and VEGF, HIF‐1α expression in primary oral melanoma: correlation with prognosis
Authors: Simonetti O , Lucarini G , Rubini C , Goteri G , Zizzi A , Staibano S , Campanati A , Ganzetti G , Di Primio R , Offidani A 
Published: December 2012

ObjectiveTo understand the role of angiogenesis and hypoxia in cancer progression of primary oral melanoma (POM).Materials and MethodsSixteen malignant primary melanomas were immunostained with markers CD34, VEGF and HIF‐1α. Stained cells were counted in the invasive front and inside the tumour, and the differences were compared and correlated with histological parameters and disease‐specific survival of the patients.ResultsTumour invasive front showed increased MVD and increased vessel VEGF and HIF‐1α expression compared with the intratumoural compartment. No such differences were seen in tumoural melanocytes of the two compartments. Positive correlations were observed between CD34 and VEGF, CD34 and HIF‐1α and VEGF and HIF‐1α expression in invasive front vessels. CD34 expression was statistically correlated with the level of infiltration. A significant trend to worse disease‐free survival was also determined with increased invasive front vessel expression of CD34, VEGF and HIF‐1α.ConclusionsOur data highlight the importance of the invasive margin in POM biology. The high angiogenic activity and endothelial VEGF and HIF‐1α expression in invasive front vessels have a significant impact on patient survival and future agents targeted against VEGF pathway may represent a novel and effective therapeutic opportunity. Larger studies are needed to further address our findings.
The XA21 binding protein XB25 is required for maintaining XA21‐mediated disease resistance
Authors: Jiang Yingnan , Chen Xiuhua , Ding Xiaodong , Wang Yongsheng , Chen Qiang , Song Wen‐Yuan 
Published: December 2012

SummaryPlant genomes encode a large number of proteins that potentially function as immune receptors in the defense against pathogen invasion. As a well‐characterized receptor kinase consisting of 23 tandem leucine‐rich repeats, a transmembrane domain and a serine/threonine kinase, the rice (Oryza sativa) protein XA21 confers resistance to a broad spectrum of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) races that cause bacterial blight disease. We report here that XA21 binding protein 25 (XB25) belongs to the plant‐specific ankyrin‐repeat (PANK) family. XB25 physically interacts, in vitro, with the transmembrane domain of XA21 through its N–terminal binding to transmembrane and positively charged domain (BTMP) repeats. In addition, XB25 associates with XA21 in planta. The downregulation of Xb25 results in reduced levels of XA21 and compromised XA21‐mediated disease resistance at the adult stage. Moreover, the accumulation of XB25 is induced by Xoo infection. Taken together, these results indicate that XB25 is required for maintaining XA21‐mediated disease resistance.
Suppressed cellular oscillations in after‐hours mutant mice are associated with enhanced circadian phase‐resetting
Authors: Guilding Clare , Scott Fiona , Bechtold David A. , Brown Timothy M. , Wegner Sven , Piggins Hugh D. 
Published: December 2012

Key points
The master circadian clock in the brain's suprachiasmatic nuclei provides daily timing cues for other circadian oscillators in the brain and body, and is itself synchronised to the external world through recurring changes in environmental light levels.
Here we show that in addition to lengthening circadian period, the after‐hours (Afh) mutation alters daily rhythms in metabolism, and reduces the amplitude of oscillations in circadian timekeepers in the brain and periphery. Such suppression in circadian oscillation could be visualised in single brain cells. Intriguingly, the Afh mutation greatly enhanced resetting of the circadian system to stimuli such as environmental light.
Collectively the results indicate unusual consequences of the Afh mutation, from single cells to whole animal physiology and behaviour.
Abstract  Within the core molecular clock, protein phosphorylation and degradation play a vital role in determining circadian period. The ‘after‐hours’ (Afh) mutation in mouse slows the degradation of the core clock protein Cryptochrome, lengthening the period of the molecular clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) and behavioural wheel‐running rhythms. However, we do not yet know how the Afh mutation affects other aspects of physiology or the activity of circadian oscillators in other brain regions. Here we report that daily rhythms of metabolism and ingestive behaviours are altered in these animals, as are PERIOD2::LUCIFERASE (PER2::LUC) rhythms in mediobasal hypothalamic nuclei, which influence these behaviours. Overall there is a trend towards period lengthening and a decrease in amplitude of PER2::LUC rhythms throughout the brain. Imaging of single cells from the arcuate and dorsomedial hypothalamic nuclei revealed this reduction in tissue oscillator amplitude to be due to a decrease in the amplitude, rather than a desynchrony, of single cells. Consistent with existing models of oscillator function, this cellular phenotype was associated with a greater susceptibility to phase‐shifting stimuli in vivo and in vitro, with light evoking high‐amplitude Type 0 resetting in Afh mutant mice. Together, these findings reveal unexpected consequences of the Afh mutation on the amplitude and synchrony of individual cellular oscillators in the SCN.