bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
But does it work? The role of regulation in improving the quality of residential care for older people in Europe
Authors: O'Dwyer Ciara 
Published: June 2015

Purpose– Regulation is the tool preferred by policy-makers to manage the quality of residential care for older people. However, it remains unclear which form of regulation is most effective. The residential care sector for older people in Europe offers a unique opportunity to explore this issue as countries vary in how they control quality in the sector. The paper aims to discuss this issue.Design/methodology/approach– The study used a comparative approach, collating secondary data from various sources and conducting qualitative comparative analysis on the data.Findings– Three regulatory approaches were in operation – many Northern European countries operate on a self-regulatory basis, and are associated with the highest quality. Many continental countries, the UK and Ireland operate a command-and-control regulatory approach, with a moderate standard of care. Mediterranean and Eastern European countries have limited regulation, with care of a lower standard. However, the type of regulation appears to be a product of the prevailing culture and philosophy of care within each country. Thus, quality outcomes are a measure of financial investment in care.Social implications– Consistent calls for command-and-control style regulation may be misguided; high-quality care requires high-public investment and a professional workforce with the freedom to focus on quality improvement mechanisms.Originality/value– The paper provides a framework for analysing outcomes associated with different types of regulation. While a self-regulatory model is linked with the best outcomes, financial investment and the philosophy of care may be more important factors influencing the quality of care.
The role of movie images and its impact on destination choice
Authors: Quintal Vanessa , Phau Ian 
Published: June 2015

Purpose– This study aims to examine whether movies are pivotal in developing empathy, nostalgia, perceived risk, place familiarity and place image that can shape viewer attitude towards and intention to visit a place.Design/methodology/approach– Data were collected from two sample frames of patrons at a large cinema chain located in a major shopping centre in Perth, Western Australia. The experimental group watched the romantic comedy,Friends with Benefits. The control group watched the romantic comedy,Desi Boyzwhich is set in London and India and is not associated with New York. A quota for data collection was set at 230 subjects in each group. The two groups watched their movies concurrently in different theatres at the same cinema chain in the same shopping centre. Subjects in both groups were asked for their responses to New York immediately after viewing the movie.Findings– In an experimental study, subjects who watched a romantic comedy set in New York had significantly higher empathy, place familiarity, attitude towards and intention to visit New York and significantly lower performance/financial risk associated with visiting New York than the control group. However, perceived risk played no significant role in influencing place familiarity in the experimental group, whereas nostalgia played no significant role in influencing place familiarity in the control group.Originality/value– The proposed decision-making framework provides academics with theoretical underpinning for future empirical tourism studies in the research area. The findings also encourage more collaboration between government, movie producers, destination management organisations and marketers to deliver a movie that provides consistent branding in its story, location and product placement strategies.
Association between depression and glycemic control among type 2 diabetes patients in Lima, Peru
Authors: Crispín‐Trebejo Brenda , Robles‐Cuadros María Cristina , Bernabé‐Ortiz Antonio 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIntroductionThere is limited and controversial information regarding the potential impact of depression on glycemic control. This study aims to evaluate the association between depression and poor glycemic control. In addition, the prevalence of depression and rates of poor glycemic control were determined.MethodsCross‐sectional study performed in the endocrinology unit of two hospitals of ESSALUD in Peru. The outcome of interest was poor glycemic control, evaluated by glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c: < 7% versus ≥ 7%), whereas the exposure of interest was depression defined as 15 or more points in the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 tool.The association of interest was evaluated using Poisson regression models with robust standard errors reporting prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsA total of 277 participants, 184 (66.4%) males, mean age 59.0 (SD: 4.8), and 7.1 (SD: 6.8) years of disease were analyzed. Only 31 participants (11.2%; 95% CI: 7.5%–14.9%) had moderately severe or severe depression, whereas 70 (25.3%; 95% CI 20.3%–30.8%) had good glycemic control. Depression increased the probability of having poor glycemic control (PR = 1.32; 95% CI 1.15–1.51) after adjusting for several potential confounders.ConclusionsThere is an association between depression and poor glycemic control among type 2 diabetes patients. Our results suggest that early detection of depression might be important to facilitate appropriate glycemic control and avoid further metabolic complications.
Role of RAI in the management of incidental N1a disease in papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: Wang Laura Y. , Palmer Frank L. , Migliacci Jocelyn C. , Nixon Iain J. , Shaha Ashok R. , Shah Jatin P. , Tuttle Robert Michael , Patel Snehal G. , Ganly Ian 
Published: June 2015

SummaryBackgroundFollowing total thyroidectomy (TT) for papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), pathological assessment can occasionally reveal incidental perithyroidal lymph nodes (LNs) with occult metastases. These cN0pN1a patients often receive radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy for this indication alone. The aim of this study was to determine the central compartment nodal recurrence‐free survival in patients treated without RAI compared to those who received RAI treatment.MethodsAn institutional database of 3664 previously untreated patients with differentiated thyroid cancer operated between 1986 and 2010 was reviewed. A total of 232 pT1‐3 patients managed with TT and no neck dissection were subsequently found to have incidental level 6 LNs on pathology. Patients with other indications for RAI, such as extrathyroidal extension and close or positive margins, were excluded. One hundred and four patients remained for analysis. Kaplan–Meier method was used to determine central neck LN recurrence‐free survival (RFS).ResultsThe median age of the cohort was 40 years (range 17–83). The median follow‐up was 53 months (range 1–211). The median number of positive LNs removed and maximum LN diameter were 1 (range 1–8) and 5 mm (range 1–16 mm), respectively. A total of 67 (64%) patients had adjuvant RAI and 37 (36%) did not. Patients with vascular invasion (P = 0·01), LNs >2 mm (P = 0·07) and >2 positive nodes (P = 0·06) were more likely to be selected for adjuvant RAI therapy. Patients without RAI therapy had similar 5‐year central neck LN RFS compared to those treated with RAI: 96·2% vs 94·6%, respectively (P = 0·92).ConclusionThere is no difference in the 5‐year central compartment nodal recurrence‐free survival in patients treated without RAI compared to those who received RAI treatment.
Factors influencing incidental representation of previously unknown conservation features in marine protected areas
Authors: Bridge Tom C.L. , Grech Alana M. , Pressey Robert L. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSpatially explicit information on species distributions for conservation planning is invariably incomplete; therefore, the use of surrogates is required to represent broad‐scale patterns of biodiversity. Despite significant interest in the effectiveness of surrogates for predicting spatial distributions of biodiversity, few researchers have explored questions involving the ability of surrogates to incidentally represent unknown features of conservation interest. We used the Great Barrier Reef marine reserve network to examine factors affecting incidental representation of conservation features that were unknown at the time the reserve network was established. We used spatially explicit information on the distribution of 39 seabed habitats and biological assemblages and the conservation planning software Marxan to examine how incidental representation was affected by the spatial characteristics of the features; the conservation objectives (the minimum proportion of each feature included in no‐take areas); the spatial configuration of no‐take areas; and the opportunity cost of conservation. Cost was closely and inversely correlated to incidental representation. However, incidental representation was achieved, even in a region with only coarse‐scale environmental data, by adopting a precautionary approach that explicitly considered the potential for unknown features. Our results indicate that incidental representation is enhanced by partitioning selection units along biophysical gradients to account for unknown within‐feature variability and ensuring that no‐take areas are well distributed throughout the region; by setting high conservation objectives that (in this case >33%) maximize the chances of capturing unknown features incidentally; and by carefully considering the designation of cost to planning units when using decision‐support tools for reserve design. The lessons learned from incidental representation in the Great Barrier Reef have implications for conservation planning in other regions, particularly those that lack detailed environmental and ecological data.
Credibility and advocacy in conservation science
Authors: Horton Cristi C. , Peterson Tarla Rai , Banerjee Paulami , Peterson Markus J. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractConservation policy sits at the nexus of natural science and politics. On the one hand, conservation scientists strive to maintain scientific credibility by emphasizing that their research findings are the result of disinterested observations of reality. On the other hand, conservation scientists are committed to conservation even if they do not advocate a particular policy. The professional conservation literature offers guidance on negotiating the relationship between scientific objectivity and political advocacy without damaging conservation science's credibility. The value of this guidance, however, may be restricted by limited recognition of credibility's multidimensionality and emergent nature: it emerges through perceptions of expertise, goodwill, and trustworthiness. We used content analysis of the literature to determine how credibility is framed in conservation science as it relates to apparent contradictions between science and advocacy. Credibility typically was framed as a static entity lacking dimensionality. Authors identified expertise or trustworthiness as important, but rarely mentioned goodwill. They usually did not identify expertise, goodwill, or trustworthiness as dimensions of credibility or recognize interactions among these 3 dimensions of credibility. This oversimplification may limit the ability of conservation scientists to contribute to biodiversity conservation. Accounting for the emergent quality and multidimensionality of credibility should enable conservation scientists to advance biodiversity conservation more effectively.
Knowledge co‐production and boundary work to promote implementation of conservation plans
Authors: Nel Jeanne L. , Roux Dirk J. , Driver Amanda , Hill Liesl , Maherry Ashton C. , Snaddon Kate , Petersen Chantel R. , Smith‐Adao Lindie B. , Van Deventer Heidi , Reyers Belinda 
Published: June 2015

AbstractKnowledge co‐production and boundary work offer planners a new frame for critically designing a social process that fosters collaborative implementation of resulting plans. Knowledge co‐production involves stakeholders from diverse knowledge systems working iteratively toward common vision and action. Boundary work is a means of creating permeable knowledge boundaries that satisfy the needs of multiple social groups while guarding the functional integrity of contributing knowledge systems. Resulting products are boundary objects of mutual interest that maintain coherence across all knowledge boundaries. We examined how knowledge co‐production and boundary work can bridge the gap between planning and implementation and promote cross‐sectoral cooperation. We applied these concepts to well‐established stages in regional conservation planning within a national scale conservation planning project aimed at identifying areas for conserving rivers and wetlands of South Africa and developing an institutional environment for promoting their conservation. Knowledge co‐production occurred iteratively over 4 years in interactive stake‐holder workshops that included co‐development of national freshwater conservation goals and spatial data on freshwater biodiversity and local conservation feasibility; translation of goals into quantitative inputs that were used in Marxan to select draft priority conservation areas; review of draft priority areas; and packaging of resulting map products into an atlas and implementation manual to promote application of the priority area maps in 37 different decision‐making contexts. Knowledge co‐production stimulated dialogue and negotiation and built capacity for multi‐scale implementation beyond the project. The resulting maps and information integrated diverse knowledge types of over 450 stakeholders and represented >1000 years of collective experience. The maps provided a consistent national source of information on priority conservation areas for rivers and wetlands and have been applied in 25 of the 37 use contexts since their launch just over 3 years ago. When framed as a knowledge co‐production process supported by boundary work, regional conservation plans can be developed into valuable boundary objects that offer a tangible tool for multi‐agency cooperation around conservation. Our work provides practical guidance for promoting uptake of conservation science and contributes to an evidence base on how conservation efforts can be improved.
Understanding Farmer Decision Making in Northern Lao PDR
Authors: Roberts Michelle S. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractEveryday farmers in upland Laos negotiate and strategize a sea of constraints to try to feed their families. Through the use of ranking, participant observation, and semi‐structured interviews, this article examines farmer decision‐making environments in Northern Lao PDR where the political ecology of the country greatly undermines development efforts on every level. Government agendas limit farmer access to land while development projects and corruption exploit upland resources. Laos' historically embedded system of patronage and socio‐ethnic hierarchy benefit the rich at the expense of the rural, ethnic minority poor. Work culture, ethnic background, gender, and stakeholder interests influence crop preferences and farming patterns. Farmers consider geography, physical environment, lack of infrastructure, and market access. Though a state‐sanctioned agricultural transition from subsistence to cash crop farming is under way, the state's commitment to this development scheme is in question.
Intraspecific variation of a dominant grass and local adaptation in reciprocal garden communities along aUSGreat Plains' precipitation gradient: implications for grassland restoration with climate change
Authors: Johnson Loretta C. , Olsen Jacob T. , Tetreault Hannah , DeLaCruz Angel , Bryant Johnny , Morgan Theodore J. , Knapp Mary , Bello Nora M. , Baer Sara G. , Maricle Brian R. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIdentifying suitable genetic stock for restoration often employs a ‘best guess’ approach. Without adaptive variation studies, restoration may be misguided. We test the extent to which climate in centralUSgrasslands exerts selection pressure on a foundation grass big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii), widely used in restorations, and resulting in local adaptation. We seeded three regional ecotypes ofA. gerardiiin reciprocal transplant garden communities across 1150 km precipitation gradient. We measured ecological responses over several timescales (instantaneous gas exchange, medium‐term chlorophyll absorbance, and long‐term responses of establishment and cover) in response to climate and biotic factors and tested if ecotypes could expand range. The ecotype from the driest region exhibited greatest cover under low rainfall, suggesting local adaptation under abiotic stress. Unexpectedly, no evidence for cover differences between ecotypes exists at mesic sites where establishment and cover of all ecotypes were low, perhaps due to strong biotic pressures. Expression of adaptive differences is strongly environment specific. Given observed adaptive variation, the most conservative restoration strategy would be to plant the local ecotype, especially in drier locations. With superior performance of the most xeric ecotype under dry conditions and predicted drought, this ecotype may migrate eastward, naturally or with assistance in restorations.
The genetic influences on oxycodone response characteristics in human experimental pain
Authors: Olesen Anne E. , Sato Hiroe , Nielsen Lecia M. , Staahl Camilla , Droney Joanne , Gretton Sophy , Branford Ruth , Drewes Asbjørn M. , Arendt‐Nielsen Lars , Riley Julia , Ross Joy 
Published: June 2015

AbstractHuman experimental pain studies are of value to study basic pain mechanisms under controlled conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate whether genetic variation across selected mu‐, kappa‐ and delta‐opioid receptor genes (OPRM1, OPRK1and OPRD1, respectively) influenced analgesic response to oxycodone in healthy volunteers. Experimental multimodal, multitissue pain data from previously published studies carried out in Caucasian volunteers were used. Data on thermal skin pain tolerance threshold (PTT) (n = 37), muscle pressure PTT (n = 31), mechanical visceral PTT (n = 43) and thermal visceral PTT (n = 41) were included. Genetic associations with pain outcomes were explored. Nineteen opioid receptor genetic polymorphisms were included in this study. Variability in oxycodone response to skin heat was associated with OPRM1 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs589046 (P < 0.0001) and rs563649 (P < 0.0001). Variability in oxycodone response to visceral pressure was associated with four OPRM1 SNPs: rs589046 (P = 0.015), rs1799971 (P = 0.045), rs9479757 (P = 0.009) and rs533586 (P = 0.046). OPRM1 SNPs were not associated with oxycodone visceral heat threshold, however, one OPRD1 rs419335 reached significance (P = 0.015). Another OPRD1 SNP rs2234918 (P = 0.041) was associated with muscle pressure. There were no associations with OPRK1 SNPs and oxycodone response for any of the pain modalities. Associations were found between analgesic effects of oxycodone and OPRM1 and OPRD1 SNPs; therefore, variation in opioid receptor genes may partly explain responder characteristics to oxycodone.
Thiostrepton interacts covalently with Rpt subunits of the 19S proteasome and proteasome substrates
Authors: Sandu Cristinel , Chandramouli Nagaranjan , Glickman Joseph Fraser , Molina Henrik , Kuo Chueh‐Ling , Kukushkin Nikolay , Goldberg Alfred L. , Steller Hermann 
Published: May 2015

AbstractHere, we report a novel mechanism of proteasome inhibition mediated by Thiostrepton (Thsp), which interacts covalently with Rpt subunits of the 19S proteasome and proteasome substrates. We identified Thsp in a cell‐based high‐throughput screen using a fluorescent reporter sensitive to degradation by the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway. Thiostrepton behaves as a proteasome inhibitor in several paradigms, including cell‐based reporters, detection of global ubiquitination status, and proteasome‐mediated labile protein degradation. In vitro, Thsp does not block the chymotrypsin activity of the 26S proteasome. In a cell‐based IκBα degradation assay, Thsp is a slow inhibitor and 4 hrs of treatment achieves the same effects as MG‐132 at 30 min. We show that Thsp forms covalent adducts with proteins in human cells and demonstrate their nature by mass spectrometry. Furthermore, the ability of Thsp to interact covalently with the cysteine residues is essential for its proteasome inhibitory function. We further show that a Thsp modified peptide cannot be degraded by proteasomes in vitro. Importantly, we demonstrate that Thsp binds covalently to Rpt subunits of the 19S regulatory particle and forms bridges with a proteasome substrate. Taken together, our results uncover an important role of Thsp in 19S proteasome inhibition.
Predictors of post‐partum stress in Vietnamese immigrant women in Taiwan
Authors: Lee Li‐Chun , Hung Chich‐Hsiu 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimThe post‐partum period is a stressful time of change, particularly for immigrant women, but, to the best of the present authors' knowledge, the subject has not been explored. This study aimed to examine immigrant women's post‐partum stress, depression, and levels of social support, and to determine the predictors of post‐partum stress for Vietnamese immigrant women in Taiwan.MethodsA cross‐sectional design was used. In this descriptive survey, 208 Vietnamese immigrant women were telephone interviewed by a trained Vietnamese research assistant during one of their 6 weeks post‐partum. Data were collected through telephone interviews using three questionnaires, including the Hung Postpartum Stress Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, and Social Support Scale.ResultsThe result shows that Vietnamese women had low level post‐partum stress scores. Participants' family support rated higher than friend support. The incidence of depression was 0.5%. Social support, number of post‐partum days, and family income were found to be predictors for post‐partum stress, accounting for 26.6% of the variance. The Vietnamese immigrant women experienced significant stress regarding their maternal roles and received most of their support from their families rather than from friends.ConclusionNurses caring for this cohort should therefore consider these factors in order to help them cope with their post‐partum stress. Healthcare providers should offer available resources to these immigrant women and their spouses during this critical period in their lives. For instance, antenatal education classes could be provided to help immigrant women manage and overcome post‐partum issues.