bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Syringaldehyde‐DOPO derivative for enhancing flame retardancy and mechanical properties of epoxy resin
Authors: Chen Zhengpeng , He Xin , Cao Zhengshuai , Li Yunfan , Chen Denglong , Yang Zhiwang , Lei Ziqiang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWith the wide application of epoxy resins in adhesives, electronic packaging materials, and aerospace fields, it is necessary to prepare high‐performance flame‐retardant epoxy resins to reduce the fire risk caused by their flammability. In this study, the rigid structure intermediate Schiff base (DMDA‐SH) was synthesized by condensation reaction of syringaldehyde (SH) with O‐Tolidine (DMDA). Then, DMDA‐SH‐DOPO, a novel P/N‐structured biobased flame‐retardant curing agent, was synthesized by addition reaction with 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxaza‐10‐phosphame‐10‐oxide (DOPO) and was applied to the preparation of intrinsic flame‐retardant epoxy resin. As expected, DMDA‐SH‐DOPO has good flame‐retardant properties due to the synergistic action of N/P elements. Epoxy resin with only 2.5% DMDA‐SH‐DOPO (P = 0.16%) can pass the UL‐94 V‐0 test. Compared with DGEBA/DDM, DMDA‐SH‐DOPO‐7.5's (P = 0.49%) peak heat release rate was reduced by 48.4% and the limiting oxygen index (LOI) reached 27%, making it a flame‐retardant material. From the point of view of carbonaceous residue performance, the expansion height of carbon residue after DMDA‐SH‐DOPO‐7.5 combustion is significantly increased, and the amount of carbon residue at 800°C is increased by 36.4%. In addition, appropriate DMDA‐SH‐DOPO can effectively improve the bending property of epoxy resin. This study provides a new idea for preparing renewable high‐performance intrinsic flame‐retardant epoxy resin.
A welfare analysis of Medicaid and recidivism
Authors: Aslim Erkmen G. , Mungan Murat C. , Yu Han 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe present conservative estimates for the marginal value of public funds (MVPF) associated with providing Medicaid to inmates exiting prison. The MVPF measures the ratio between a policy's social benefits and its governmental costs. Our MVPF estimates suggest that every additional $1 the government spends on providing inmates exiting prison with Medicaid coverage can result in social benefits ranging between $3.45 and $10.62. A large proportion of the benefits we consider stems from the reduced future criminal involvement among former inmates who receive Medicaid. Employing a difference‐in‐differences approach, we find that Medicaid expansions reduce the average number of times a released inmate is reimprisoned within 1 year by approximately 11.5%. By combining this estimate with key values reported elsewhere (e.g., victimization costs, data on victimization and incarceration), we quantify specific benefits arising from the policy. These encompass diminished criminal harm due to lower reoffense rates, direct benefits to former inmates through Medicaid coverage, increased employment opportunities, and reduced loss of liberty resulting from fewer future reimprisonments. Net‐costs consist of the cost of providing Medicaid net of changes in the governmental cost of imprisonment, changes in the tax revenue due to increased employment, and changes in spending on other public assistance programs. We interpret our estimates as conservative since we deliberately err on the side of under‐estimating benefits and over‐estimating costs when data on specific items are imprecise or incomplete. Our findings align closely with others in the sparse literature investigating the crime‐related welfare impacts of Medicaid access, underscoring the substantial indirect benefits public health insurance programs can offer through crime reduction, in addition to their direct health‐related advantages.
Heads up on concussion: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples' knowledge and understanding of mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: McCausland Kahlia , Thomas Elizabeth , Bullen Jonathan , Hill‐Wall Trish , Norman Richard , Cowen Gill 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIssue AddressedConcussion awareness and knowledge among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples residing in Perth, Western Australia and factors preventing presentation at a health service for assessment after such an injury.MethodsQualitative study with participants aged between 18 and 65 years. Recruitment was by Facebook advertising and snowball sampling. A semi‐structured topic yarning guide was used to guide conversations through 1:1, multi‐person or group yarns. Yarns were audio‐recorded, transcribed and thematically analysed.ResultsTwenty‐four participants were recruited. A good knowledge of modes of concussion injury was identified in these participants. However, they identified difficulty differentiating this injury from other injuries or medical conditions. Multiple factors contributed to a reluctance to seek assessment and further management of a potential concussion. Multiple strategies to enhance education and presentation for assessment were suggested by participants.ConclusionsAboriginal and Torres Strait Islander‐owned and led concussion education is the first step in enhancing understanding of this condition. Education must be coupled with improvements in the cultural safety of healthcare services, as without this, patients will continue to fail to present for assessment and management.So What?It is recommended that concussion education focuses on the differentiation of concussion as a diagnosis from other injuries. Information regarding where and when to seek medical assessment is recommended, and this must be in a culturally safe environment. Typical recovery and potential sequelae must be explored, in programs led and devised by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples engaged with the community for which the education is proposed.
Association of HLA‐DQ4/5 genotype polymorphisms with celiac disease in a group of children in Southwest Iran: A case‐control study
Authors: Keshtkari Ali , Danaei Marzieh , Mollaali Milad 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground and AimCeliac disease (CD) has proinflammatory and pathogenic immune responses to gluten in intestinal tissue, leading to structural changes in the mucosa of the small intestine. The association of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐DQ2 and DQ8 genotypes with CD has been previously reported. This test has a negative predictive value close to 100%, so its main purpose is to rule out the detection of CD completely or almost completely. There is limited information regarding HLA‐DQ4/5 in CD. This study was conducted to determine the HLA‐DQ4/5 genotypes in a group of Southwestern Iranian children with CD.MethodsWe conducted a case‐control study in Southwest Iran involving 100 participants, employing a nonprobabilistic sampling method. Samples were taken from participants' oral buccal mucosa at Imam Sajjad Hospital of Yasuj, Iran. Then DNA was extracted from these samples and used to determine the frequency of HLA‐DQ4/5 genotypes through Sequence‐Specific Primer‐Polymerase Chain Reaction assay. SPSS 20 was utilized for statistical analyses.ResultsFifty diagnosed patients with CD (high anti‐tissue transglutaminase [tTG]‐IgA level [upper limit of normal] with pathological findings of Marsh III) and 50 non‐CD individuals (normal anti‐tTG‐IgA level and normal total IgA level) were enrolled in the study from August 5, 2022 to October 15, 2023. Findings showed that the DQ4a*4b allele has the highest frequency in the CD samples (78%, p < 0.01) followed by the DQ5a*5b allele (12%, p < 0.01). Additionally, there was a higher prevalence of DQ4/DQ5 in patients with CD compared to controls (odds ratio = 6.5, confidence interval = 0.84 to 69.46, p < 0.01). Furthermore, a significant association was found among HLA DQ4/5 genotype, age (>9.5) (p < 0.01), and gender (female) (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe observed significant differences among HLA‐DQ4 and HLA‐DQ5 in Iranian CD samples against controls and the high value of the relative risks showed the significant function of the studied alleles in the prevalence of CD in Iranian patients.
Physical and chemical characterization of remote coastal aquifers and submarine groundwater discharge from a glacierized watershed
Authors: Russo A. A. , Jenckes J. , Boutt D. F. , Munk J. , Kirshen A. , Munk L. A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCoastal aquifers play an important role in marine ecosystems by providing high fluxes of nutrients and solutes via submarine groundwater discharge pathways. The physical and chemical characterization of these dynamic systems is foundational to understanding the extent and magnitude of hydrogeologic processes and their subsequent contributions to the marine environment. We describe a km‐scale experimental field site located in a glaciofluvial delta entering Kachemak Bay, Alaska. Our characterization applies geophysical (ERT and HVSR), hydrogeologic (grain size analyses, slug tests and tidal response analyses) and geochemical (major ions and stable water isotopes) methods to describe the complexity of coastal aquifers in proglacial environments currently experiencing rapid transformations. The hydrogeologic and geophysical techniques revealed thick (20–84 m) sediments dominated by sands and gravels and delineated zones of freshwater, brackish water and saltwater at both high and low tides within the subterranean estuary. Estimates of hydraulic conductivities via multiple approaches ranged from 2 to 250 m d−1, with means across the four methods within the same order of magnitude. Tidal response analyses highlighted a coastal aquifer in strong connection with the sea as evidenced by clear spring‐ and neap‐tidal signals within a proximal piezometric hydrograph. Geochemical sampling revealed coastal groundwaters as substantially enriched in solutes compared to proximal river samples with limited variability across seasons. A clear connection between the Wosnesenski River and the adjacent aquifer was also observed, with concentrated recharge from the river corridor during the meltwater season. This combination of approaches provides the basis for a conceptual model for coastal aquifer systems within the Gulf of Alaska and an upscaled mean daily yield of freshwater and solutes from the delta subsurface. Our findings are critical for subsequent numerical simulations of groundwater flow, tidal pumping and chemical reactions and transport in these understudied environments. This approach may be applied for low‐cost, large‐scale hydrogeologic investigations in coastal areas and may be particularly useful for remote sites where access and mobility are challenging.
Dermatomyositis in a young patient: A rare paraneoplastic syndrome of renal cell carcinoma
Authors: André Margarida , Macedo Alexandre , Metrogos Vanessa , Moreira Luísa , Pereira José , Figueira Nuno , Rosa João Paulo , Carvalho Miguel 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionParaneoplastic syndromes are frequent in patients with renal cell carcinoma. Dermatomyositis is an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy that may be associated with neoplasms. This case aims to describe the rare association of dermatomyositis with renal cell carcinoma and to increase clinical suspicion of this neoplasm when systemic rheumatologic symptoms are present.Case presentationA 35‐year‐old female developed severe rheumatologic symptoms (progressive muscle weakness, heliotrope rash, and Gottron's papules). Clinical and laboratory findings indicated dermatomyositis. During the investigation, computed tomography revealed a left kidney solid mass. She underwent a left radical nephrectomy, and histology confirmed renal cell carcinoma. After 3 months, dermatomyositis manifestations disappeared and the patient withdrawn steroid therapy.ConclusionMost paraneoplastic syndromes associated with renal cell carcinoma are only cured with nephrectomy. We highlight the potential role of surgery in dermatomyositis caused by renal cell carcinoma. The recurrence of symptoms related to the syndrome should alert for disease progression.
Emphysematous hepatitis: A rare fatal case
Authors: Tekinhatun Muhammed , Yavaş Hüseyin Gökhan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEmphysematous hepatitis (EH) is a rare, insidious, rapidly progressing, and often fatal liver infection characterized by diffuse air in the liver parenchyma. While infectious parenchymal diseases can affect many intra‐abdominal organs such as the kidney, urinary bladder, gall bladder, stomach, and pancreas, liver involvement is uncommon. Few cases of EH have been reported in the literature, with only four successfully treated. Diagnosis involves patient history, clinical and laboratory findings, and computed tomography. Treatment is challenging and requires close monitoring. This case report aims to enhance the understanding of EH's diagnosis and treatment in medical literature.
Early life thermal conditioning alters heat‐shock protein expression in response to an adult thermal stressor
Authors: Hoffman Alexander J. , Finger John W. , Kavazis Andreas N. , Wada Haruka 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDevelopmental environmental stressors can have instructive effects on an organism's phenotype. This developmental plasticity can prepare organisms for potentially stressful future environments, circumventing detrimental effects on fitness. However, the physiological mechanisms underlying such adaptive plasticity are understudied, especially in vertebrates. We hypothesized that captive male zebra finches (Taeniopygia castanotis) exposed to a mild heat conditioning during development would acquire a persisting thermotolerance, and exhibit increased heat‐shock protein (HSP) levels associated with a decrease in oxidative damage when exposed to a high‐intensity stressor in adulthood. To test this, we exposed male finches to a prolonged mild heat conditioning (38°C) or control (22°C) treatment as juveniles. Then in a 2 × 2 factorial manner, these finches were exposed to a high heat stressor (42°C) or control (22°C) treatment as adults. Following the adult treatment, we collected testes and liver tissue and measured HSP70, HSP90, and HSP60 protein levels. In the testes, finches exhibited lower levels of HSP90 and HSP60 when exposed to the high heat stressor in adulthood if they were exposed to the mild heat conditioning as juveniles. In the liver, finches exposed to the high heat stressor in adulthood had reduced HSP90 and HSP60 levels, regardless of whether they were conditioned as juveniles. In some cases, elevated testes HSP60 levels were associated with increased liver oxidative damage and diminishment of a condition‐dependent trait, indicating potential stress‐induced tradeoffs. Our results indicate that a mild conditioning during development can have persisting effects on HSP expression and acquired thermotolerance.
Future change of humid heat extremes and population exposure in Turkey
Authors: Donmez Berkay , Donmez Kutay , Sonuç Cemre Yürük , Unal Yurdanur 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGlobal climate projections show that humid heat extremes will expand toward the higher latitudes, making the midlatitudes hotspots for these extremes. Therefore, a thorough explanation of their regional characteristics becomes crucial, given that the changes in these extremes can potentially render a large proportion of the global population at risk. Here, we perform the first analysis of historical and projected changes in the intensity and frequency of humid heat extremes and quantify the population exposure to these extremes in Turkey, using long‐term simulations from the non‐hydrostatic mesoscale model of Consortium for Small‐scale Modeling (COSMO‐CLM) under the RCP8.5 emission scenario. We portray not only the nationwide changes in the humid heat extremes and population exposure but also their regional aspects by exploiting the K‐means clustering algorithm. Our results suggest significant future increases in the intensity and frequency of these extremes over a wide geographical area, which includes the surroundings of Adana, Antalya, Izmir, Sakarya, Ordu and Diyarbakir, most of which are coastal locations. Over most of these regions, severe humid heat stress is expected to last nearly a month every year, with almost 56% of the land area is projected to experience local historical upper tail heat stress conditions for at least an additional 10 consecutive hours. Further, we explicate a significant rise in the number of people exposed to severe humid heat stress, concentrated along most coastal regions, by as much as 1.6 million person‐days. More than 20% of Turkey's population may confront severe humid heat stress for at least 1 h, with that percentage falling to 4.15% for at least five consecutive hours, which indicates that people will not only endure more intense humid heat stress but also be exposed to these conditions consecutively over a period of many hours.
An algorithm to analyse long‐term tendencies of pressure systems over Europe
Authors: Varga‐Balogh Adrienn , Leelőssy Ádám , Varga László , Mészáros Róbert 
Published: July 2024

AbstractClimate change is associated with the modification of the polar jet stream, cyclone tracks and corresponding circulation patterns over midlatitudes. To apply these synoptic changes on regional climate, the changing sensitivity of a specific location to different pressure centre regions must be studied. An automated, objective circulation pattern detection method was developed to investigate the evolution of cyclonic and anticyclonic influence at any specific point within the European domain. The algorithm was used to assign each location to influencing low‐ or high‐pressure centres within the domain. Pressure centre displacements and the frequency redistribution among different centres were studied for each location. The 180‐year (January 1836–December 2015) mean sea level pressure dataset on the European domain with a 0.703° × 0.702° spatial and daily temporal resolution was obtained from NOAA 20th Century Reanalysis project. The presented method can apply the continental‐scale changes to specific locations. A significant increase of anticyclonic influence was found in southern and central Europe, in line with the northward displacement of Atlantic cyclones. Hundred and eighty year (180‐year) change of the number of days with anticyclonic versus cyclonic influence was found to be between +10% and 15% in the Mediterranean and +2% and 10% in most of Europe. The increasing anticyclonic influence in central Europe was strongest in the spring and the winter and was most attributable to the eastern European anticyclone. Results highlight the importance of research on the dynamical climate response of anticyclonic pressure systems.
Primary hyperoxaluria: Long‐term outcomes of isolated kidney versus simultaneous liver/kidney transplant
Authors: Habash Nawras W. , Jaoudeh Rasha A. R. A. , Hentz Roland C. , Sas David J. , Ibrahim Samar H. , Hassan Sara 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo compare long‐term transplant outcomes (organ rejection and retransplant) of simultaneous liver/kidney transplant (SLK) versus isolated kidney transplant (IK) for patients with primary hyperoxaluria (PH).MethodsThe Rare Kidney Stone Consortium PH registry was queried to identify patients with PH who underwent SLK or IK from 1999 to 2021. Patient characteristics and long‐term transplant outcomes were abstracted and analyzed. Statistical comparisons were performed with Kaplan–Meier plots and Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsWe identified 250 patients with PH, of whom 35 received care at Mayo Clinic and underwent SLK or IK. Patients who underwent SLK as their index transplant had lower odds of kidney rejection than did those who underwent IK (hazard ratio [HR], 0.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.08–0.99; p = .048). The immunoprotective effect of concomitant liver and kidney transplant appeared to enhance outcomes for patients with PH. Additionally, the odds of retransplant were significantly lower for patients who underwent SLK as their index transplant than for those who underwent IK (HR, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.02–0.42; p = .003). Of five patients who underwent IK and had maintained graft function for at least 5 years after transplant, three (60%) had documented vitamin B6 responsiveness.ConclusionsPatients with PH who underwent SLK had a lower risk of kidney rejection and retransplant than those who underwent IK. Accurate genetic assessment for vitamin B6 responsiveness may optimize IK allocation. Novel therapeutics, such as lumasiran, have been introduced as promising agents for the management of PH.
Identification of floral aroma components and molecular regulation mechanism of floral aroma formation in Phalaenopsis
Authors: Zhang Yingjie , Gong Zihui , Zhu Zhiqi , Sun Jixia , Guo Wenjiao , Zhang Jingwei , Ding Pengsong , Liu Minxiao , Gao Zhihong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDMost Phalaenopsis cultivars have almost no aroma, with a few exceptions. Phalaenopsis presents significant challenges in fragrance breeding due to its weak aroma and low fertility. It is therefore necessary to identify the aroma components and key regulatory genes in Phalaenopsis cultivars like ‘Orange Beauty’, ‘Brother Sara Gold’, ‘Purple Martin’, ‘H026’, ‘SK16’, ‘SX098’, and ‘SH51’, to improve the aroma of the common Phalaenopsis.RESULTSFloral aroma components were tested on nine Phalaenopsis species, using smell identification and headspace gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The result showed that alcohols, esters, and alkenes were the key specific components in the different species and cultivar aromas and the aroma intensity and component content of cultivars with different colors were different. The main components of the floral aromas in Phalaenopsis were alcohols (including eucalyptol, linalool, citronellol, and 1‐hexanol), esters (including hexyl acetate, leaf acetate, and dibutyl phthalate), alkenes (including pinene and sabinene) and arenes (like fluorene). The transcriptome of flowers in the bud stage and bloom stage of P. ‘SH51’ was sequenced and 5999 differentially expressed genes were obtained. The contributions of the phenylpropionic acid/phenyl ring compound and the terpene compound to the aroma were greater. Sixteen genes related to phalaenopsis aroma were found. TC4M, PAL, CAD6, and HR were related to phenylpropanoid synthesis pathway. SLS, TS10, and P450 were related to the synthesis pathway of terpenes. TS10 and YUCCA 10 were involved in tryptophan metabolism.CONCLUSIONThis is the first report on the floral aroma components and regulatory genes in Phalaenopsis. The proposed method and research data can provide technical support for Phalaenopsis breeding. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.