bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current State and Use of Biological Adhesives in Orthopedic Surgery
Authors: Shah Neil V. , Meislin Robert 
Published: February 2014

Educational Objectives

As a result of reading this article, physicians should be able to:

1.
Describe the difference between adhesives and sealants.

2.
Recognize fibrin adhesives commonly used in practice today and identify other biological adhesives with rising potential.

3.
Analyze how fibrin sealants work relative to fibrin and fibrinogen.

4.
Identify anatomical areas and techniques in which fibrin sealants are used.

Bone and tissue adhesives are common and beneficial supplements to standard methods of musculoskeletal tissue suture repair. Knowledge and development of biologically derived or inspired adhesives useful in orthopedic surgery are rapidly advancing. Recent literature demonstrates the increased adjunct or primary use of biological adhesives in the repair of musculoskeletal soft tissues, chondral fractures, and osteochondral fractures. Adhesives offer more benefits and enhancements to tissue healing than current fixation methods afford, including improved biocompatibility, resorbability, and nonimmunogenicity. Further investigation is required to determine the extent of the role that these bioadhesives can play in orthopedic surgery.
The largest group of biologically derived adhesives and sealants is fibrin sealants, which include first- and second-generation commercially available fibrin sealants, autologous fibrin sealants, and variants. Other groups include gelatin-resorcin aldehydes, protein-aldehyde systems, collagen-based adhesives, polysaccharide-based adhesives, mussel adhesive proteins, and various biologically inspired or biomimetic glues.

Potential uses include applications in orthopedic-related blood conservation, arthroplasty, articular cartilage disorders, sports medicine, spine surgery, trauma, and tumors. The development of an adhesive with universal application is likely unfeasible, given the unique characteristics of various musculoskeletal tissues. However, the literature demonstrates the overall underuse of adhesives and indicates the rising probability of the development of a successful variety of bioadhesives for use in orthopedic surgery. [
Orthopedics
. 2013; 36(12):945–956.]
Giant Cell Tumor of Bone
Authors: Amanatullah Derek F. , Clark Tyler R. , Lopez Matthew J. , Borys Dariusz , Tamurian Robert M. 
Published: February 2014

Educational Objectives

As a result of reading this article, physicians should be able to:

1.
Identify at-risk populations for giant cell tumor of bone.

2.
Recognize the biology that drives giant cell tumor of bone.

3.
Describe modern surgical and adjuvant techniques to effectively treat giant cell tumor of bone.

4.
Recognize the complications associated with radiation therapy, poor resection, and adjuvant treatments.

Giant cell tumor of bone (GCT) is a benign, locally aggressive bone tumor. Giant cell tumor of bone primarily affects the young adult patient population. The natural history of GCT is progressive bone destruction leading to joint deformity and disability. Surgery is the primary mode of treatment, but GCT has a tendency to recur locally despite a range of adjuvant surgical options. Pulmonary metastasis has been described. However, systemic spread of GCT rarely becomes progressive, leading to death. This review presents the clinicopathologic features of GCT and a historical perspective that highlights the current rationale and contro-versies regarding the treatment of GCT. [
Orthopedics.
2014;37(2):112–120.]
Disparities in Internet Use Among Orthopedic Outpatients
Authors: Walsh Kenneth P. , Rehman Saqib , Goldhirsh Jessie 
Published: February 2014

Internet access has lagged behind for patients with lower incomes and from certain ethnic groups. This study investigated the possible improvement of access to health-related information on the Internet for all patients in an urban outpatient setting, regardless of socioeconomic background. A 28-question survey was completed by 100 orthopedic outpatients evaluating associations between their age, ethnicity, income, or education level and their access to the Internet. The survey also examined how patients used the Internet to obtain information about their medical condition, their privacy concerns when conducting online research, and their use of mobile phones as a primary means of Internet access.
The Internet was used by 57% of orthopedic outpatients in this urban setting. Internet access decreased with advancing age but increased with increasing income and education, findings consistent with similar studies. Despite the inability to identify an association between ethnicity and Internet access in this patient population, fewer Latinos (33%) than whites (67%) or African Americans (77%) sought information about their medical condition. Among patients who used a mobile phone as the primary method for online access, 74% were African American or Latino and 26% were white. This difference in mobile phone use for online access suggests that mobile phones have provided ethnic minorities with greater Internet access and thus may have narrowed the digital divide among the races.
Risk Factors Predicting the Need for Additional Surgery in Consecutive Esotropia
Authors: Choi Yong-Min , Lee Joo-Yeon , Jung Jae-Hoon , Kim Seung-Hyun , Cho Yoonae A. 
Published: February 2014

Purpose:
To evaluate the risk factors predicting surgical treatment in consecutive esotropia occurring after surgery for intermittent exotropia.

Methods:
The clinical records of 52 patients with consecutive esotropia who underwent exotropia surgery were retrospectively reviewed. All patients demonstrated consecutive esotropia with diplopia or suppression for more than 1 month after surgery for exotropia. Patients were divided into two groups (the surgical group and nonsurgical group) depending on whether surgery was required for consecutive esotropia. Surgery for esotropia was performed only in patients with more than 10 prism diopters (PD) esodeviation that persisted for a minimum of 6 months, those who had suppression in 1 eye or diplopia, and those who could not achieve fine stereopsis. The nonsurgical treatment up to 6 months postoperatively was part-time patching and prism therapy in both groups. Patient characteristics were evaluated in the two groups.

Results:

The surgical group was composed of 17 patients and the nonsurgical group was composed of 35 patients. Age, gender, refractive error, best-corrected visual acuity, and postoperative overcorrection at 1 day were not significantly different in the two groups (
P
> .05). However, the distance strabismic angle at 1 month postoperatively was 2.5 ± 3.8 PD esodeviation (range: 14 PD esotropia to 4 PD exotropia) in the nonsurgical group and 5.4 ± 5.1 PD esodeviation (range: 20 PD esotropia to orthotropia) in the surgical group; these values were statistically significant (
P
< .05).

Conclusions:
The clinically significant risk factor affecting the surgical decision for consecutive esotropia was a large esotropic angle at 1 month postoperatively in this study.

[J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2013;50(6):335–339.]
Surgical Procedure Joining the Lateral Rectus and Superior Rectus Muscles With or Without Medial Rectus Recession for the Treatment of Strabismus Associated With High Myopia
Authors: Akar Serpil , Gokyigit Birsen , Aribal Erkin , Demir Abdulvahit , Göker Yasin Sakir , Demirok Ahmet 
Published: February 2014

Purpose:
To evaluate the outcomes of a surgical procedure involving the muscle union of the superior rectus (SR) and lateral rectus (LR) muscles with or without medial rectus (MR) recession for the treatment of strabismus associated with high myopia and the anatomic changes from before and after surgery.

Methods:
Thirty-five eyes of 20 patients who had undergone a muscle union of the SR and LR muscles with or without MR recession for treatment of acquired strabismus associated with an inferior displacement of the LR and nasal displacement of the SR in magnetic resonance imaging of the orbit due to axial high myopia were observed prospectively. Main outcome measures were the angles of the dislocation of the globe, angles of horizontal or vertical deviations, abductions, and supraductions. The angles of the dislocation of the globe were analyzed using magnetic resonance imaging (1.5 Tesla Magnet; Siemens Symphonia, Munich, Germany).

Results:
The axial lengths ranged from 26 to 36 mm (mean: 30.6 ± 2.8 mm). The angle of dislocation of the globe changed from 178º ± 10º to 101º ± 6º, the angle of esotropia changed from 58.6 ± 2.5 to 6.8 ± 1.4 prism diopters (PD); and the angle of hypotropia changed from 12.5 ± 1.3 to 3.3 ± 1.1 PD postoperatively. Abduction and supraduction improved significantly after surgery. At the 4-year follow-up, the postoperative outcomes were stable.

Conclusions:
In the treatment of strabismus caused by high myopia, the surgical procedure involving the muscle union of the SR and LR muscles with or without MR recession was effective on both the restoration of the dislocated globe into the muscle cone and the improvement of ocular motility.

[J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2014;51(1):53–58.]
Combination Treatment of Pediatric Coats’ Disease: A Bicenter Study in Taiwan
Authors: Lin Chun-Ju , Chen San-Ni , Hwang Jiunn-Feng , Yang Chung-May 
Published: February 2014

Purpose:
To present the clinical outcome of different combination treatment modalities in pediatric Coats’ disease in two Taiwan medical centers.

Methods:
A retrospective review of clinical records was done of pediatric patients with Coats’ disease treated at National Taiwan University Hospital and Changhua Christian Hospital. Data regarding the age at the time of diagnosis, initial presentation, methods of treatment, visual and anatomic results, and complications were recorded. Changes in vision and retinal status with the different methods of treatment were specifically evaluated.

Results:
From 2005 through 2011, 10 eyes of 9 patients were treated under the diagnosis of Coats’ disease. The clinical manifestations varied from localized vascular abnormalities with subretinal fluid and hard exudates to extensive detachment with massive exudates and retinal hemorrhage. The main treatment modalities include argon laser photocoagulation, micropulse laser, and cryotherapy. The adjunctive therapies included intravitreal triamcinolone, bevacizumab, and ranibizumab. The mean follow-up was 40.50 ± 20.52 months (range: 14 to 72 months). Best corrected visual acuity at last follow-up was light perception to 1.0 (20/20 Snellen). Anatomic improvement was achieved in 9 eyes (90%). Visual improvement was noted in 7 eyes (70%), visual stabilization in 2 eyes (20%), and visual deterioration in 1 eye (10%). Vitreous fibrosis evolving into tractional retinal detachment occurred in 1 patient receiving cryotherapy combined with intravitreal bevacizumab injections. No enucleation was ultimately necessary.

Conclusions:
Pediatric Coats’ disease varies greatly in severity. Carefully selected treatment modalities can improve most eyes with different conditions. Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents may act as useful adjuncts to improve anatomic and functional outcome. Cryotherapy combined with the intravitreal bevacizumab injection in severe cases of exudative retinal detachment may carry the risk of vitreoretinal traction and tractional retinal detachment.

[J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2013;50(6):356–362.]
Successful Treatment of Macular Retinoblastoma With Superselective Ophthalmic Artery Infusion of Melphalan
Authors: Hadjistilianou Theodora , Coriolani Gianni , Bracco Sandra , Gennari Paola , Caini Mauro , Cerase Alfonso , Galimberti Daniela , De Francesco Sonia , De Luca Mariacarla , Mastrangelo Domenico 
Published: February 2014

Purpose:
To report our experience with superselective ophthalmic artery infusion of melphalan (SOAIM) for macular retinoblastoma to obtain tumor control while preserving as much useful vision as possible.

Methods:
Five patients with newly diagnosed unilateral retinoblastoma involving the macula were selected within a group of patients eligible for SOAIM as the primary treatment.

Results:
The mean tumor basal dimension and thickness in this group of five patients with macular retinoblastoma were 11.6 and 12.3 mm, respectively. The stage at diagnosis ranged from II to VB (Reese-Ellsworth) or B to D (International Classification System). Tumor regression with SOAIM was achieved in all cases with regression patterns type I in four cases and III in one case.

Conclusions:
SOAIM can be of value in the treatment of macular retinoblastoma. It may allow the salvage of the residual eyesight with a low rate of complications due to the local and systemic toxicity related to chemotherapy.

[J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2014;51(1):32–38.]
Variability of Subjective Classifications of Corneal Topography Maps From LASIK Candidates
Authors: Ramos Isaac C. , Correa Rosane , Guerra Frederico P. , Trattler William , Belin Michael W. , Klyce Stephen D. , Fontes Bruno M. , Schor Paulo , Smolek Michael K. , Dawson Daniel G. , Chalita Maria Regina , Cazal Jorge O. , Ruiz Milton , Randleman J. Bradley , Ambrósio Renato 
Published: February 2014

PURPOSE:
To evaluate the variability of subjective corneal topography map classification between different experienced examiners and the impact of changing from an absolute to a normative scale on the classifications.

METHODS:
Preoperative axial curvature maps using Scheimpflug imaging obtained with the Pentacam HR (Oculus Optikgeräte, Wetzlar, Germany) and clinical parameters were sent to 11 corneal topography specialists for subjective classification according to the Ectasia Risk Scoring System. The study population included two groups: 11 eyes that developed ectasia after LASIK and 14 eyes that had successful and stable LASIK outcomes. Each case was first reviewed using the absolute scale masked to the patient group. After 3 months, the same cases were represented using a normative scale and reviewed again by the same examiners for new classifications masked to the patient group.

RESULTS:

Using the absolute scale, 17 of 25 (68%) cases had variations on the classifications from 0 to 4 for the same eye across examiners, and the overall agreement with the mode was 60%. Using the normative scale, the classifications from 11 of 25 (44%) cases varied from 0 to 4 for the same eye across examiners, and the overall agreement with the mode was 61%. Eight examiners (73%) reported statistically higher scores (
P
< .05) when using the normative scale. Considering all 550 topographic analyses (25 cases, 11 examiners, and two scales), the same classification from the two scales was reported for 121 case pairs (44%).

CONCLUSION:
There was significant inter-observer variability in the subjective classifications using the same scale, and significant intra-observer variability between scales. Changing from an absolute to a normative scale increased the scores on the classifications by the same examiner, but significant inter-observer variability in the subjective interpretation of the maps still persisted.

[
J Refract Surg.
2013;29(11):770–775.]
Changes in Prostaglandin Levels in Patients Undergoing Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Cataract Surgery
Authors: Schultz Tim , Joachim Stephanie C. , Kuehn Mathias , Dick H. Burkhard 
Published: February 2014

PURPOSE:
To investigate the intraocular prostaglandin concentrations after femtosecond laser treatment and the potential relationship to miosis.

METHODS:

Aqueous humor was collected from patients after femtosecond laser pretreatment and at the beginning of routine cataract surgery. The total prostaglandin and the prostaglandin E
2
concentrations were measured in two independent studies using an enzyme-linked immunoassay.

RESULTS:

A significantly higher level of prostaglandins was noted in the aqueous humor of patients immediately after femtosecond laser treatment. This could be confirmed in two studies consisting of independent patient populations (study I: control = 17.3 ± 4.0 pg/mL [n = 22], femtosecond laser [femto] = 182.1 ± 38.1 pg/mL [n = 22],
P
= .0001, and study II: control = 17.5 ± 1.4 pg/mL [n = 37], femto: 377.1 ± 83.6 pg/ mL [n = 35],
P
= .00004). A significant increase of prostaglandin E
2
was noted in two measurements (study III: control = 4.5 ± 1.9 pg/mL [n = 13], femto: 19.2 ± 2.5 pg/mL [n = 20],
P
= .0002, and study IV: control = 11.3 ± 1.6 pg/mL [n = 35], femto: 60.3 ± 16.1 pg/mL [n = 36],
P
= .004). No correlation was noted between age or cataract density and prostaglandin/prostaglandin E
2
level or between corneal incision, suction time, or laser time in the femto groups and prostaglandin/prostaglandin E
2
level.

CONCLUSIONS:
Prostaglandins rise immediately after femtosecond laser treatment. Future patients should perhaps be treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to maintain mydriasis before undergoing femto-second laser treatment for cataract surgery.

[
J Refract Surg.
2013;29(11):742–747.]
Subjective Outcomes After Bilateral Implantation of an Apodized Diffractive +3.0 D Multifocal Toric IOL in a Prospective Clinical Study
Authors: Knorz Michael C. , Rincón José L. , Suarez Enrique , Alfonso José F. , Fernández-Vega Luis , Titke Christine , Kohnen Thomas , Tucker Sally 
Published: February 2014

PURPOSE:
To assess subjective outcomes after bilateral implantation of an aspheric apodized diffractive +3.0 diopter (D) multifocal toric intraocular lens (IOL).

METHODS:
This was a prospective, single-arm, 6-month study conducted at five study sites in Europe and South America. Forty-nine patients requiring bilateral cataract extraction or refractive lens exchange and IOL implantation in both eyes with preoperative regular corneal astigmatism of 0.75 D or greater and 2.5 D or less received bilateral AcrySof ReSTOR +3.0 D toric IOLs (Models SND1T3, SND1T4, or SND1T5; Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Fort Worth, TX). Subjective questionnaires were administered preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively.

RESULTS:
Patient subjective experience with visual tasks at all distances improved from the preoperative visit to the 6-month visit. At the 6-month visit, 90% (36 of 40) of respondents reported complete freedom from corrective wear compared with 14% (6 of 43) pre-operatively. On a scale of 0 (worst) to 10 (best), the mean score that patients rated their uncorrected vision was 7.9 ± 1.9 at 6 months (n = 37) compared with 3.6 ± 2.0 at the preoperative visit (n = 38).

CONCLUSIONS:
Six months following bilateral implantation of the AcrySof ReSTOR +3.0 D toric IOL revealed improved subjective experience, increased spectacle freedom, and higher satisfaction when compared with the preoperative baseline.

[
J Refract Surg.
2013;29(11):762–767.]
Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Keyhole Endokeratophakia: Correction of Hyperopia by Implantation of an Allogeneic Lenticule Obtained by SMILE From a Myopic Donor
Authors: Pradhan Kishore R. , Reinstein Dan Z. , Carp Glenn I. , Archer Timothy J. , Gobbe Marine , Gurung Reeta 
Published: February 2014

PURPOSE:
To describe endokeratophakia in which a small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) lenticule from a myopic patient is implanted into a recipient eye through a small incision to correct hyperopia.

METHODS:

A 23-year-old aphakic woman presented following cataract surgery to remove a childhood congenital cataract with hyperopia of +12.00 −1.50 × 155, corrected distance visual acuity of counting fingers, and exotropia. A SMILE procedure using the VisuMax femto-second laser (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany) was performed on a donor patient with high myopia and the extracted lenticule was stored (power −10.50 diopter sphere, optical zone 5.75 mm, central lenticule thickness 127
μ
m). In the recipient eye, a pocket lamellar incision was created using the VisuMax SMILE software. The upper interface was separated and the donor lenticule was inserted through the small incision.

RESULTS:

One year postoperatively, retinoscopy refraction was +7.50 −3.00 × 150, a spherical equivalent refraction reduction of 5.25 diopters. Mean keratometric power increased by 2.91 diopters. The posterior surface elevation changed significantly with a central bulge into the anterior chamber. Central corneal thickness by Pentacam (Oculus Optikgeräte, Wetzlar, Germany) increased by 121
μ
m. Central lenticule thickness was 130
μ
m and central epithelial thickness was 43
μ
m measured by RTVue OCT (Optovue Inc., Fremont, CA). The cornea remained clear over the 1-year postoperative period.

CONCLUSIONS:
Endokeratophakia appears to be a viable procedure for correcting hyperopia on the cornea by implantation of an extracted myopic SMILE lenticule from a donor patient. However, posterior surface changes and epithelial remodeling resulted in only 50% of the intended correction. No adverse side effects were observed following implantation of donor tissue for 1 year.

[
J Refract Surg.
2013;29(11):777–782.]
Safety Profile of High-Fluence Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking for Progressive Keratoconus: Preliminary Results From a Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Gatzioufas Zisis , Richoz Olivier , Brugnoli Eliane , Hafezi Farhad 
Published: February 2014

PURPOSE:
To investigate the effect of high-fluence corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) with riboflavin and ultraviolet-A in the management of progressive keratoconus.

METHODS:

Preliminary results from a prospective cohort study. Seven eyes from 7 patients with progressive keratoconus subjected to CXL were included. CXL was performed as a standard epithelium-off procedure, irradiating with high-fluence settings (18 mW/cm
2
for 5 minutes). Endothelial cell density (ECD), speed of postoperative epithelial healing, maximal and average keratometric readings (Kmax and Kmean, respectively) of the anterior corneal surface, and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) were evaluated preoperatively and at 1 and 6 months after CXL. One-way analysis of variance was applied for statistical analysis.
P
values less than .05 were considered significant.

RESULTS:
ECD did not change significantly postoperatively and complete epithelial healing occurred in all eyes within 96 hours postoperatively. No morphological alterations in the corneal limbus were observed. Kmax, Kmean, and CDVA showed no significant changes at 1 and 6 months postoperatively. No complications were observed postoperatively.

CONCLUSIONS:

Although the preliminary results are not sufficient for a valid evaluation of the biomechanical effect and the overall safety profile of high-fluence CXL in vivo, they demonstrate that CXL at 18 mW/cm
2
for 5 minutes affects neither endothelial cell density nor the speed of epithelial healing, an indirect indicator of limbal stem cell function.

[
J Refract Surg.
2013;29(12):846–848.]