bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do oval posts improve fracture resistance of teeth with oval root canals?
Authors: Krastl Gabriel , Lorch Heiner , Zitzmann Nicola U. , Addison Owen , Dietrich Thomas , Weiger Roland 
Published: September 2013

AbstractAimTo determine whether the use of oval posts increases fracture resistance of root canal treated teeth with oval‐shaped canals.MethodsExtracted mandibular premolars with similar dimensions were decoronated. After root canal treatment, standardized post space preparations were performed to simulate the presence of oval‐shaped root canal morphologies. Specimens were randomly assigned to 3 groups (n = 3 × 24). In group SFP (small fiber post), circular posts with a cervical diameter of 1.5 mm were used without additional form‐congruent post space preparation. In group LFP (large fiber post), a circular post space preparation was performed to adapt posts with a cervical diameter of 1.9 mm. In group OFP (oval fiber post), oval posts with a long cervical diameter of 1.9 mm and short cervical diameter of 1.3 mm were utilized without additional post space preparation. Posts were cemented with dual‐cure resin. All specimens were restored with standardized direct composite crowns. After thermo‐mechanical loading in a computer‐controlled masticator, all specimens underwent fracture resistance testing. Means and standard deviations were calculated. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test (α = 0.05).ResultsThe highest mean fracture load was observed in group OFP (273N ± 51), the lowest in group LFP (258N ± 72). Kruskal–Wallis indicated no significant differences in fracture resistance among the three experimental groups.ConclusionsWithin the limitations of this laboratory study, oval posts did not reveal increased fracture resistance of root canal‐treated premolars with oval‐shaped root canals compared with circular posts.
Host tissue reactions of non‐demineralized autogenic and xenogenic dentin blocks implanted in a non‐osteogenic environment. An experimental study in rabbits
Authors: Al‐Asfour Adel , Farzad Payam , Andersson Lars , Joseph Bobby , Dahlin Christer 
Published: September 2013

AbstractDentoalveolar ankylosis with osseous replacement is often seen after replantation of avulsed teeth, and this process may be used for preservation of alveolar crests after trauma. Its exact mechanisms with regard to osteoinductive properties are not yet fully understood and need to be systematically investigated. Dentin can possibly act as a slow‐releasing carrier of bone morphogenic proteins (BMP), and this property of dentin has been proposed to be used as an alternative or supplement to bone grafting in the maxillofacial region. We aimed to initially asses host tissue reactions to dentin by implanting dentin blocks of autogenic and xenogenic human origin in rabbit connective tissue of the abdominal wall and femoral muscle. Animals were sacrificed after a period of 3 months, and histological processing, sectioning and examinations were carried out. Bone formation, cell counts and thickness of capsule surrounding the grafts were evaluated. Only minor signs of heterotopic bone formation were seen. There were no significant differences between autografts and xenografts or grafts implanted in connective tissue or muscle with regards to tissue reactions except for a significant difference (P = 0.018) in findings of more local inflammatory cells in relation to grafts placed in connective tissue in the autograft group. We conclude that during the time frame of this study, non‐demineralized dentin, whether autogenous or xenogenic did not have the potential to induce bone formation when implanted in non‐osteogenic areas such as the abdominal wall and abdominal muscle of rabbits.
Large‐bodied fish migration and residency in a flood basin of the Sacramento River, California, USA
Authors: Sommer Ted R. , Harrell William C. , Feyrer Frederick 
Published: September 2013

AbstractRiver–floodplain complexes represent some of the most variable and diverse habitats on earth, yet they are among our planet's most threatened ecosystems. Use of these habitats by large‐bodied fishes is especially poorly understood, particularly in temperate regions. To provide insight into the factors that affect floodplain assemblages and migration, we sampled large‐bodied fishes with a fyke trap for 7 years in the Yolo Bypass, the primary flood basin of the Sacramento River, California. We collected a total of 18,336 individual fish comprised of 27 species, only 41% of which were native. Year‐round resident species white catfish Ameiurus catus, channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus and common carp Cyprinus carpio (all alien species) were the most abundant and comprised 74% of the total catch. Splittail Pogonichthys macrolepidotus (3.8%), white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus (2.3%) and Sacramento sucker Catostomus occidentalis (1.1%) were the primary native species. We found that seasonal variation in water temperature and flood stage were important factors affecting the fish assemblage structure and the presence of migratory species. American shad Alosa sapidissima, an alien species, showed highest abundance during the early summer upstream migration, when temperatures were warmer. For native species, the abundances of white sturgeon, splittail, Sacramento pikeminnow Ptychocheilus grandis and Sacramento sucker were all highest during flood pulses. While our results suggest that flow alone is not sufficient to control alien species, the strong linkage between native fish migration and flow pulses highlights the importance of river–floodplain connectivity for the conservation of native fishes.
Simple and complex acoustic regularities are encoded at different levels of the auditory hierarchy
Authors: Althen Heike , Grimm Sabine , Escera Carles 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe detection of auditory stimuli that deviate from a simple or complex auditory regularity is reflected by the mismatch negativity component of the human auditory evoked potential. Moreover, simple deviants of an oddball paradigm modulate the preceding middle‐latency response of the auditory evoked potential. For the frequency oddball paradigms it has been shown that the Nb wave, at approximately 40 ms from stimulus onset, is enhanced in response to deviant compared with standard stimuli. In this study we tested whether the detection of auditory deviants in a (frequency‐location) feature‐conjunction paradigm is reflected by modulations of the Na, Pa or Nb wave of healthy human participants. In addition, a frequency oddball paradigm was applied to directly contrast the results of a simple and a complex invariance. Feature‐conjunction deviants did not elicit any modulations of the tested middle‐latency waves. Deviants of the frequency oddball paradigm, by contrast, elicited an enhancement of the Nb wave, confirming the outcome of precedent studies. In both conditions a significant mismatch negativity component was elicited, which showed larger amplitudes and shorter latencies in the oddball condition than in the feature‐conjunction condition. These findings corroborate the idea that simple auditory regularities are encoded upstream of those of more complex auditory features and are in line with the idea of a hierarchically working auditory novelty system.
Evaluation of mesenchymal stem cell migration after equine tendonitis therapy
Authors: Carvalho A. M. , Yamada A. L. M. , Golim M. A. , Álvarez L. E. C. , Hussni C. A. , Alves A. L. G. 
Published: September 2013

SummaryReasons for performing studyMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been used to treat equine tendonitis with promising results; however, little is known about the potential migration of these cells.ObjectivesTo assess the possible migration of MSCs from an implantation site in the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) to a lesion in the SDFT of the contralateral limb.Study designIn vivo experimental study.MethodsAdipose‐derived MSCs were isolated from 4 healthy horses. Lesions were induced in the SDFTs of both forelimbs, followed by intralesional implantation of autologous adipose‐derived MSCs labelled with nanocrystals into one of the limbs. Flow cytometry of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells and fluorescence microscopy of biopsies of the SDFT lesions were used to search for the labelled cells.ResultsLabelled cells were detected among the peripheral blood mononuclear cells in all animals, but labelled cells were present only in the SDFTs that were treated with the intralesional implants.ConclusionNanocrystals were a valuable in vivo marker of MSCs to be used for tendonitis treatment. Although migration of MSCs to the bloodstream was observed, it was not possible to identify the labelled cells in the untreated tendons.
Unravelling the molecular complexity of GPCR‐mediated EGFR transactivation using functional genomics approaches
Authors: George Amee J. , Hannan Ross D. , Thomas Walter G. 
Published: September 2013

To influence physiology and pathophysiology, G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) have evolved to appropriate additional signalling modalities, such as activation of adjacent membrane receptors. Epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs) mediate growth and remodelling actions of GPCRs, although the precise network of gene products and molecular cascades linking GPCRs to EGFRs (termed EGFR transactivation) remains incomplete. In this review, we describe the current view of GPCR–EGFR transactivation, identifying the established models of receptor cross‐talk. We consider the limitations in our current knowledge, and propose that recent advances in molecular and cell biology technology, including functional genomics approaches, will allow a renewed focus of efforts to understand the mechanism underlying EGFR transactivation. Using an unbiased approach for identification of the molecules required for GPCR‐mediated EGFR transactivation will provide a contemporary and more complete representation from which to extrapolate therapeutic control in diseases from cardiovascular remodelling to cancer.
Physics‐based multiscale damage criterion for fatigue crack prediction in aluminium alloy
Authors: Zhang J. , Johnston J. , Chattopadhyay A. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTIn this paper, a physics‐based multiscale approach is introduced to predict the fatigue life of crystalline metallic materials. An energy‐based and slip‐based damage criterion is developed to model two important stages of fatigue crack initiation: the nucleation and the coalescence of microcracks. At the microscale, a damage index is developed on the basis of plastic strain energy to represent the growing rate of a nucleated microcrack. A statistical volume element model with high computational efficiency is developed at the mesoscale to represent the microstructure of the material. Also, the formation of a major crack is captured by a coalescence criterion at mesoscale. At the macroscale, a finite element analysis of selected test articles including lug joint and cruciform is conducted with the statistical volume element model bridging two scale meshes. A comparison between experimental and simulation results shows that the multiscale damage criterion is capable of capturing crack initiation and predicting fatigue life.
Temperature dependence of material length scale for strain gradient plasticity and its effect on near‐tip opening displacement
Authors: Qian X. , Zhang S. , Swaddiwudhipong S. , Shen L. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the temperature dependence of the material length scale in the conventional mechanism‐based strain gradient (CMSG) plasticity theory. The work reported here also examines the plastic strain gradient effect on the opening displacement near a sharp crack tip. The study examines the mechanical properties of two typical structural steels (S355 and S690) in onshore and offshore structures at two different temperatures (20 and 300 °C) through both the uniaxial tension test and the indentation test. The CMSG‐based finite element analysis then confirms a constant material length scale for these two steels at the two tested temperatures, despite the apparent temperature dependence of the macroscopic material parameters measured from the tension test. Using the calibrated material length scale, the subsequent numerical study demonstrates that the magnitude of the near‐tip crack opening displacement computed by the CMSG theory remains significantly lower than that computed from the classical plasticity.
Optimising Atlantic salmon smolt survival by use of hydropower simulation modelling in a regulated river
Authors: Fjeldstad H.‐P. , Alfredsen K. , Boissy T. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractStudies on downstream passage of diadromous fishes in northern Europe are rare, and in Norway, the problem is strongly linked to demands for efficient hydropower production. The current study explored mitigating measures using a hydropower simulation model for Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., smolt migration. Migration pattern and route choice at a hydropower intake for 22 years were described for a river in southern Norway, based on simulated data for discharge and water temperature. Subsequently, the potential for controlling the migration pattern and smolt routing past the intake by altering release patterns from the reservoirs was tested. Modelling of a general annual increase in bypass discharge from 3 to 15 m3 s−1 increased average bypass migration from 30 to 43% at the cost of 14 € per fish. Individual release schedules from reservoirs for selected years indicated that bypass rates could be increased to 80% at an average cost of 4.5 € per fish and 2.2 € in the best years. Mitigating measures presumably depend on the specific site, but the methods developed in this study represent a general technique for evaluating increased smolt survival past hydropower intakes.
It Is Private, Not Public Finances that Are Out of Whack
Authors: Koo Richard C. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
When the private sector as a whole is forced into debt minimization following the bursting of a debt-financed bubble, the money multiplier turns negative at the margin and government borrowing and spending become essential in maintaining both the GDP and money supply. With unborrowed private savings languishing in the financial system, the market also encourages government borrowing in the form of low bond yields which is a natural corrective mechanism of an economy suffering from balance sheet recession. In the eurozone, this corrective mechanism fails because of the ease of capital flight between government bond markets within the currency zone.
Balanced Budget Requirements and Debt Brakes Feasibility and Enforcement
Authors: Heun Werner 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBalanced budget requirements should achieve fiscal sustainability, avoid a burden on future generations and allow for flexible reactions to cyclical fluctuations in the economy. There are many types of balanced budget requirements and debt limitations with different stringency. These budget restraints have a significant effect when they are applicable. The overall effect on public debt is small since there are many ways to circumvent or evade the restraints. Therefore budget restraints have substantial negative side effects. Public debt is transferred into less controllable budget areas, the structure of governments becomes fragmented and the balance of power is shifted away from the democratically accountable legislature.
Update on positron emission tomography for imaging of prostate cancer
Authors: Kitajima Kazuhiro , Murphy Robert C , Nathan Mark A , Sugimura Kazuro 
Published: September 2013

AbstractProstate cancer is the most common non‐cutaneous malignancy among men in the Western world, and continues to be a major health problem. Imaging has recently become more important in the clinical management of prostate cancer patients, including diagnosis, staging, choice of optimal treatment strategy, treatment follow up and restaging. Positron emission tomography, a functional and molecular imaging technique, has opened a new field in clinical oncological imaging. The most common positron emission tomography radiotracer, 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose, has been limited in imaging of prostate cancer. Recently, however, other positron emission tomography tracers, such as 11C‐acetate and 11C‐ or 18F‐choline, have shown promising results. In the present review article, we overview the potential and current use of positron emission tomography or positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging employing the four most commonly used positron emission tomography radiotracers, 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose, 11C‐acetate and 11C‐ or 18F‐choline, for imaging evaluation of prostate cancer.
Bacillus Calmette–Guérin treatment of urothelial carcinoma arising in the ileal neobladder after radical cystectomy
Authors: Yamashita Ryo , Matsuzaki Masato , Niwakawa Masashi , Ito Ichiro 
Published: September 2013

Abstract: In January 2005, a 66‐year‐old man underwent radical cystectomy and ileal neobladder reconstruction for invasive bladder cancer. A total of 3 years after the cystectomy, left‐side ureteral cancer was diagnosed, and a nephroureterectomy was carried out in May 2008. In October 2011, he complained of asymptomatic macroscopic hematuria. We detected multiple papillary pedunculated and broad‐based tumors in the left side and the dome of the neobladder. The patient underwent transurethral resection of the bladder tumor, and a pathological diagnosis of high‐grade pTa urothelial carcinoma was made. A total of 4 months later, tumors recurred in the right side and anterior wall of the neobladder. We carried out transurethral resection of the bladder tumor again; the pathological diagnosis was high‐grade pTa urothelial carcinoma with carcinoma in situ. Bacillus Calmette–Guérin instillation was carried out seven times into the neobladder, without any severe side‐effects. Tumor recurrence was not observed up to 8 months after bacillus Calmette–Guérin treatment.
Responses to CES‐D: European American Versus Korean American Adolescents
Authors: Kim Eunjung , Landis Andrea M. , Cain Kevin K. 
Published: September 2013

ProblemNo study has examined variations in the responses to CES‐D (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) scoring among different ethnic group adolescents.MethodsThis study compared response differences to CES‐D between 51 European American and 58 Korean American (KA) adolescents.FindingsThirty‐nine percent of KA adolescents reported higher depressive symptoms compared to 33% European American adolescents. Controlling for child age, significant mean differences were found on six items between the two groups. When within‐group difference was examined among KA adolescents using a bi‐dimensional acculturation approach, no differences were found except one item.ConclusionsKA adolescents did not show response bias toward positive affect items in CES‐D when compared to European American adolescents.
Potential association between prediabetic conditions and gingival and/or periodontal inflammation
Authors: Andriankaja Oelisoa Mireille , Joshipura Kaumudi 
Published: September 2013

AbstractAims/IntroductionPrediabetic conditions, which include impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), might be associated with chronic gingival and/or periodontal inflammation. However, the occurrence of this oral inflammation in prediabetic conditions is poorly understood. The present study aimed to assess the association between prediabetes and gingival and/or periodontal inflammation.Materials and MethodsA total of 94 Puerto Rican men and women aged 40–65 years, who were residents of San Juan, Puerto Rico, and free of diabetes, were included in the study. All participants had at least one tooth site with clinical attachment loss ≥3 mm. Fasting and 2‐h plasma glucose were collected. Gingival/periodontal inflammation was assessed by bleeding on gentle probing of the sulcus at six sites per tooth.ResultsParticipants with the percentage of teeth with bleeding on probing (BOP) equal to or greater than the median were compared with those with the percentage of teeth with BOP less than median. Participants with high BOP tended to present higher IFG (odds ratio [OR] 5.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2–25.3) and/or prediabetic condition (OR 3.6, 95% CI 1.0–13.2) than those with a low percentage of BOP, adjusting for age, sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, waist circumference and number of missing teeth. Using the continuous form of the outcome, the corresponding adjusted least squares means of percentage of BOP were 26.8 (standard error of the mean [SEM] 2.3) and 43.8 (SEM 6.0) in normal and IFG, respectively (P = 0.01), and 27.0 (SEM 2.4) and 39.0 (SEM 5.3) among healthy and prediabetic individuals, respectively (P = 0.05).ConclusionIFG and/or prediabetes are strongly associated with BOP, a marker of chronic gingival/periodontal inflammation.
Histological and computed tomographic evaluation of a parasitic conjoined twin in hybrid catfish (Ictalurus punctatus [Rafinesque] X Ictalurus furcatus [Lesueur])
Authors: Leach C A , Thomas M W , Cooley A J , Waldbieser G C , Bosworth B G , Torrans E L , Khoo L H 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThere is growing use of hybrid catfish (Ictalurus punctatus ♀ X Ictalurus furcatus ♂) in commercial aquaculture to utilize hybrid vigour to improve production A conjoined twin specimen found during the course of production studies by the United States Department of Agriculture Catfish Genetic Research Unit (USDA‐CGRU) was submitted to the Aquatic Research and Diagnostic Laboratory (ARDL). After preliminary inspection, it was transported to Mississippi State University, College of Veterinary Medicine for further evaluation. The specimen was examined using both computed radiography and computed tomography antemortem. Following humane euthanasia, the specimen was examined both grossly and histologically. Tissues from both fish were also submitted for genetic analysis to determine whether twins were derived from the same egg. This report records the presentation and examination of a pair of conjoined hybrid catfish (I. punctatus X Ictalurus furcatus).
Immunohistochemical sweat gland profiles
Authors: Noël Fanchon , Piérard Gérald E , Delvenne Philippe , Quatresooz Pascale , Humbert Philippe , Piérard‐Franchimont Claudine 
Published: September 2013

SummaryBackgroundHuman sweat glands are heterogeneous in their structures and functions. Accordingly, eccrine, apocrine, and apoeccrine glands are distinguished.AimsSome immunohistochemical markers are expected to distinguish the sweat gland types in their secretory and excretory parts.MethodsThis study used two sets of antibodies. The first panel was composed of antibodies directed to well‐defined sweat gland structures. The molecular targets included the low‐molecular‐weight cytokeratins CAM 5.2, the S100‐B protein, the epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and the lectin Ulex europaeus agglutinin‐1 (UEA‐1). A second exploratory panel of antibodies targeted syndecan‐1 (CD138), NKI‐C3 (CD63), and CD68. They were used to disclose some undescribed antigen expressions in human sweat glands.ResultsThe first set of antibodies confirmed previous findings. The immunoreactivities of the three sweat gland types were similar in the excretory ducts. By contrast, they were distinguished in the deeper coiled secretory portions of the glands.ConclusionClues supporting their distinction and probably their functional activity were obtained by immunohistochemistry using the S100‐B protein, CEA and CD63 antibodies. The immunoreactivity to the S100‐B protein, CEA and CD63 possibly help identifying apoeccrine sweat glands or a peculiar functional activity of eccrine sweat glands.