bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Non-Profit Project Outcomes through Predictive Modelling and Real-Time Data Analysis
Authors: Jikiemi Elizabeth 
Published: July 2024

Aims: To discuss the applications of predictive modelling and real-time data analysis to non-profit project outcomes. The procedures and relevant algorithms are to be examined together with relevant case studies. Future research gaps that should be bridged are also discussed.
Problem Statement: Numerous advantages attached to project outcomes have been identified. However, there are series of steps and procedures that are supposed to be taken which are limited with the application of computer programs to enhance their effectiveness.
Significance of Study: The use of advanced predictive modeling and real-time data analysis are required to enhance non-profit project outcomes which entails using data analysis techniques and sophisticated algorithms. The use of these advanced techniques can lead to better resource allocation, improved decision-making, and enhanced overall project success rates in the non-profit sector.
Methodology: The method used in writing this review involved consultation of recent literatures in the area of non-profit project outcomes and applications of predictive modelling and real-time data analysis.
Discussion: The use of predictive modeling techniques in project outcomes is necessary in order to improve their efficiencies. The article addresses different predictive modeling approaches, such as decision trees and statistical models, and how to use them to improve project results in the fields of health and education. Predictive real-time data analytics models and models for designing predictive analytics algorithms in enhancing non-profit project outcomes were discussed to include statistical models, linear regression models, multiple regression models, multivariate regression model and decision tree. Health and education were used as case studies of predictive modelling and real-time data analysis application in non-profit project outcomes. This literature review article revealed some gaps that are needed to be bridged in order to improve the efficiency of predictive modelling and real-time data analysis an enhancers to non-profit project outcomes.
Conclusion: Predictive real-time data analytics and algorithms are crucial instruments for improving the results of non-profit projects. When used in case studies, they exhibited notable outcomes.
A global approach to provide magnitude estimates for earthquake early warning alerts
Authors: Kuyuk Huseyin Serdar , Allen Richard M. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe examine five different methods to estimate an earthquake's magnitude using only P wave data for use in earthquake early warning systems. We test two input parameters: the maximum predominant period of the P wave (τpmax) and the displacement amplitude of the P wave's vertical component (Pd). We apply our algorithms to 174 earthquakes 3.0 < M < 8.0 from California and Japan that have also been used in previous calibration studies. We also apply them to 1992 0.2 < M < 5.7 earthquakes that were processed by the real‐time Earthquake Alarm Systems in California. We find that τpmax does not scale with magnitude for small earthquakes (M < 3) and is less accurate for large‐magnitude earthquakes than using Pd alone. We derive a global scaling relation between Pd and magnitude and conclude that this global relationship provides the most accurate and robust magnitude estimate. This relationship could be applied in earthquake source zones around the world.
Cost‐Utility Analysis of a Multidisciplinary Strategy to Manage Osteoarthritis of the Knee: Economic Evaluation of a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial Study
Authors: Marra Carlo A. , Grubisic Maja , Cibere Jolanda , Grindrod Kelly A. , Woolcott John C. , Gastonguay Louise , Esdaile John M. 
Published: November 2013

ObjectiveTo determine if a pharmacist‐initiated multidisciplinary strategy provides value for money compared to usual care in participants with previously undiagnosed knee osteoarthritis.MethodsPharmacies were randomly allocated to provide either 1) usual care and a pamphlet or 2) intervention care, which consisted of education, pain medication management by a pharmacist, physiotherapy‐guided exercise, and communication with the primary care physician. Costs and quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYs) were determined for patients assigned to each treatment and incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were determined.ResultsFrom the Ministry of Health perspective, the average patient in the intervention group generated slightly higher costs compared with usual care. Similar findings were obtained when using the societal perspective. The intervention resulted in ICERs of $232 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] −1,530, 2,154) per QALY gained from the Ministry of Health perspective and $14,395 (95% CI 7,826, 23,132) per QALY gained from the societal perspective, compared with usual care.ConclusionA pharmacist‐initiated, multidisciplinary program was good value for money from both the societal and Ministry of Health perspectives.
Time Trends in the Characteristics of Patients Undergoing Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Singh Jasvinder A. , Lewallen David G. 
Published: November 2013

ObjectiveTo study the time trends in sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA).MethodsWe used the Mayo Clinic Total Joint Registry to examine the time trends in patient demographics (body mass index [BMI] and age), underlying diagnosis, medical (Deyo‐Charlson Index) and psychological comorbidity (anxiety and depression), and examination findings of primary TKA patients from 1993–2005. We used the chi‐square test and analysis of variance.ResultsIn total, 7,229 patients constituted the primary TKA cohort; 55% were women. The mean age decreased by 1.3 years (69.3 to 68.0 years), mean BMI increased by 1.7 kg/m2 (30.1 to 31.8 kg/m2), and mean Deyo‐Charlson Index increased by 36% (1.1 to 1.5) over the 13‐year study period (P ≤ 0.001 for all). Compared with 1993–1995, significantly more patients (by 2–3 times) in 2002–2005 had a BMI ≥40 kg/m2 (4.8% versus 10.6%), age <50 years (2.9% versus 5.2%), Deyo‐Charlson Index of ≥3 (12% versus 22.3%), depression (4.1% versus 14.8%), and anxiety (4.1% versus 8.9%), and significantly fewer patients had an underlying diagnosis of rheumatoid/inflammatory arthritis (6.4% versus 1.5%; P < 0.001 for all). Compared with 1993–1995, significant reductions were noted in 2002–2005 for the physical examination findings of anteroposterior knee instability, mediolateral knee instability, moderate to severe knee synovitis, severe limp, fair or poor muscle strength, and absent peripheral pulses (P ≤ 0.001 for all).ConclusionIn this large US total joint registry study, we found significant time trends in patient characteristics, diagnosis, comorbidity, and knee/extremity examination findings in primary TKA patients over 13 years. These secular trends should be taken into account when comparing outcomes over time and in policy‐making decisions.
Enhancement of the Photoresponse in Organic Field‐Effect Transistors by Incorporating Thin DNA Layers
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Wang Mingfeng , Collins Samuel D. , Zhou Huiqiong , Phan Hung , Proctor Christopher , Mikhailovsky Alexander , Wudl Fred , Nguyen Thuc‐Quyen 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA mechanistic study of the DNA interfacial layer that enhances the photoresponse in n‐type field‐effect transistors (FET) and lateral photoconductors using a solution‐processed fullerene derivative embedded with disperse‐red dye, namely PCBDR, is reported. Incorporation of the thin DNA layer simultaneously leads to increasing the electron injection from non‐Ohmic contacts into the PCBDR active layer in dark and to increasing the photocurrent under irradiation. Such features lead to the observation of the enhancement of the photoresponsivity in PCBDR FETs up to 103. Kelvin probe microscopy displays that in the presence of the DNA layer, the surface potential of PCBDR has a greater change in response to irradiation, which is rationalized by a larger number of photoinduced surface carriers. Transient absorption spectroscopy confirms that the increase in photoinduced carriers in PCBDR under irradiation is primarily ascribed to the increase in exciton dissociation rates through the PCBDR/DNA interface and this process can be assisted by the interfacial dipole interaction.
Partial replacement of EPDM by GTR in thermoplastic elastomers based on PP/EPDM: Effects on morphology and mechanical properties
Authors: Lima Paulo , Oliveira José , Costa Vitor 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe formulation of recycled thermoplastic elastomeric materials (TPE) based on ground tyre rubber (GTR), generated from end of life tyres, can be an alternative strategy to deal with a type of waste responsible for increasingly environmental problems over the past decades. The incompatibility of GTR with thermoplastics places several issues on the formulation of these materials, which this study tries to overcome. An encapsulation strategy of the GTR by an elastomeric phase is proposed in this work to overcome the lack of adhesion between the materials. Ternary blends, composed of a highly flowable polypropylene homopolymer, an ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) and GTR were formulated and their morphology and mechanical properties analyzed. The morphology of the blends showed interaction between the materials, revealing that the encapsulation of GTR by a rubber phase can be an adequate strategy to formulate recycled‐based TPE materials, if the dimension of the GTR particles is controlled and taken into consideration. The mechanical properties revealed the replacement effect of EPDM by GTR, and its dependence on the amount of that replacement. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40160.
Cooperation of Factor VII–Activating Protease and Serum DNase I in the Release of Nucleosomes From Necrotic Cells
Authors: Stephan Femke , Marsman Gerben , Bakker Liza M. , Bulder Ingrid , Stavenuiter Fabian , Aarden Lucien A. , Zeerleder Sacha 
Published: November 2013

ObjectiveRemoval of dead cells is essential in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis, and efficient removal prevents exposure of intracellular content to the immune system, which could lead to autoimmunity. The plasma protease factor VII–activating protease (FSAP) can release nucleosomes from late apoptotic cells. FSAP circulates as an inactive single‐chain protein, which is activated upon contact with either apoptotic cells or necrotic cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of FSAP in the release of nucleosomes from necrotic cells.MethodsNecrotic Jurkat cells were incubated with serum, purified 2‐chain FSAP, and/or DNase I. Nucleosome release was analyzed by flow cytometry, and agarose gel electrophoresis was performed to detect DNA breakdown.ResultsIncubation with serum released nucleosomes from necrotic cells. Incubation with FSAP‐deficient serum or serum in which FSAP was inhibited by a blocking antibody was unable to release nucleosomes from necrotic cells, confirming that FSAP is indeed the essential serum factor in this process. Together with serum DNase I, FSAP induced the release of DNA from the cells, the appearance of nucleosomes in the supernatant, and the fragmentation of chromatin into eventually mononucleosomes.ConclusionFSAP and DNase I are the essential serum factors that cooperate in necrotic cell DNA degradation and nucleosome release. We propose that this mechanism may be important in the removal of potential autoantigens.
Involvement of Peripheral and Spinal Tumor Necrosis Factor α in Spinal Cord Hyperexcitability During Knee Joint Inflammation in Rats
Authors: König Christian , Zharsky Maxim , Möller Christian , Schaible Hans‐Georg , Ebersberger Andrea 
Published: November 2013

ObjectiveTumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) is produced not only in peripheral tissues, but also in the spinal cord. The purpose of this study was to address the potential of peripheral and spinal TNFα to induce and maintain spinal hyperexcitability, which is a hallmark of pain states in the joints during rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.MethodsIn vivo recordings of the responses of spinal cord neurons to nociceptive knee input under normal conditions and in the presence of experimental knee joint inflammation were obtained in anesthetized rats. TNFα, etanercept, or antibodies to TNF receptors were applied to either the knee joint or the spinal cord surface.ResultsInjection of TNFα into the knee joint cavity increased the responses of spinal cord neurons to mechanical joint stimulation, and injection of etanercept into the knee joint reduced the inflammation‐evoked spinal activity. These spinal effects closely mirrored the induction and reduction of peripheral sensitization. Responses to joint stimulation were also enhanced by spinal application of TNFα, and spinal application of either etanercept or anti–TNF receptor type I significantly attenuated the generation of inflammation‐evoked spinal hyperexcitability, which is characterized by widespread pain sensitization beyond the inflamed joint. Spinally applied etanercept did not reduce established hyperexcitability in the acute kaolin/carrageenan model. In antigen‐induced arthritis, etanercept decreased spinal responses on day 1, but not on day 3.ConclusionWhile peripheral TNFα increases spinal responses to joint stimulation, spinal TNFα supports the generation of the full pattern of spinal hyperexcitability. However, established spinal hyperexcitability may be maintained by downstream mechanisms that are independent of spinal TNFα.
Inspiration from Old Dyes: Tris(stilbene) Compounds as Potent Gram‐Positive Antibacterial Agents
Authors: Boulos Ramiz A. , Man Nikki Y. T. , Lengkeek Nigel A. , Hammer Katherine A. , Foster Niki F. , Stemberger Natalie A. , Skelton Brian W. , Wong Pan Yu , Martinac Boris , Riley Thomas V. , McKinley Allan J. , Stewart Scott G. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractHerein we describe the preparation and structure‐activity relationship studies on range of stilbene based compounds and their antibacterial activity. Two related compounds, each bearing carboxylic acid moieties, exhibit good activity against several bacterial strains, including methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA (ATCC 33592 and NCTC 10442). Compound 10 was most active against Moraxella catarrhalis with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 0.12–0.25 μg mL−1 and against Staphylococcus spp. with MICs ranging from 2–4 μg mL−1. The derivative 17 showed increased activity with MICs of 0.06–0.25 μg mL−1 against M. catarrhalis and 0.12–1 against Staphylococcus spp. This level of activity is similar to that reported for S. aureus for antibiotics, such as vancomycin, with MICs of ≤2.0 μg mL−1 and clindamycin with MICs of ≤0.5 μg mL−1. As an indicator of toxicity, 17 was tested for its ability to lyse sheep erythrocytes, and showed low haemolytic activity. Such results highlight the value of tris(stilbene) compounds as antibacterial agents providing suitable properties for further development.
Cation Exchange in Layered Copper(II) Coordination Polymers
Authors: Shankar Krapa , Das Babulal , Baruah Jubaraj B. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe covalently linked anionic layers of a series of CuII 2,3‐pyridinecarboxylate anions containing organic cations are characterized. Depending on the cations, mononuclear, dinuclear or polynuclear complexes are formed. The complex with adeninium cations is mononuclear, whereas the complexes bearing cations of 4‐aminobenzylamine, 1,5‐diaminopentane, and 5‐aminoquinoline are dinuclear, and complexes bearing cations of isopropylamine, ethylenediamine, 1,8‐diaminooctane, N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethylethylenediamine, tris(2‐aminoethyl)amine, 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, imidazole, pyridine, 8‐hydroxyquinoline, and cytidine are coordination polymers. All of the complexes other than the one bearing tris(2‐aminoethyl)amine cations have lamellar structures. The polynuclear complex anion with tris(2‐aminoethyl)amine trications exhibits an unusual –3 charge for the polynuclear anionic nodes. The 1H,9H‐adeninium cationic dimers are stabilized in the interstices of mononuclear CuII quinolinate complex anions. The interlayer separations in the layered polymers varied from 8.5 to 15.9 Å and are guided by the cations. Biologically relevant cytidinium cations are trapped in the layers of polymeric anions. The complexes bearing organocations undergo exchange of the organic cations with alkali, alkaline earth, or transition metal ions or with smaller cations without disturbance of the polymeric inorganic layer. The exchange of the cytidinium cations by metal ions resulted in polymeric complexes in which the cationic organic layer is replaced by a layer of aquated metal cations. The thermochemical properties, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, and solid‐state conductance of the complexes are described.
Electronic and Steric Effects of the Peripheral Substitution in Deca‐ and Undecaaryl Metallocorroles
Authors: Gao Di , Canard Gabriel , Giorgi Michel , Vanloot Pierre , Balaban Teodor Silviu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe first example of a copper decaarylcorrole, 6, was isolated during the Suzuki cross‐coupling synthesis of the corresponding undecaaryl derivative 2c. Compounds 6 and 2c were demetalated to produce the free bases 7 and 8, which were used to prepare the cobalt deca‐ and undecaarylcorroles 9 and 10. The effects of meso versus β substituents in peraryl copper corroles is highlighted by an electrochemical study of nine saddled copper undecaarylcorroles. The crystal structures of 1c, 6, 9, and 10 illustrate the impact of the deca‐ and undecaaryl substitutions on the macrocycle conformation in metallocorroles.
1,3‐Dioleoyl‐2‐palmitoylglycerol‐rich human milk fat substitutes: Production, purification, characterization and modeling of the formulation
Authors: Qin Xiao‐Li , Zhong Jin‐Feng , Wang Yong Hua , Yang Bo , Lan Dong‐Ming , Wang Fang‐Hua 
Published: November 2013

Human milk fat substitutes (HMFS) were prepared by enzymatic synthesis combined with physical blending methods. As the main constituents in HMFS, 1,3‐dioleoyl‐2‐palmitoylglycerol‐rich TAGs (OPO‐rich TAGs) were synthesized in one step by Lipozyme RM IM‐catalyzed acidolysis of 34L‐leaf lard and then purified by molecular distillation. The results showed that OPO‐rich TAGs with purity of 91.39wt% were obtained at evaporation temperature of 180°C and a pressure of 6.7–7.5 Pa. Furthermore, a mathematical model was established for formulating HMFS by blending OPO‐rich TAGs product with the selected vegetable oils. Under the blending ratio of 0.6700:0.1638:0.1627:0.0035:0.0000 (OPO‐rich TAGs product/coconut oil/soybean oil/flaxseed oil/sunflower seed oil), the HMFS had fatty acids levels similar to those of human milk fat (HMF), and kept a high proportion (about 70%) of C16:0 at the sn‐2 position. Based on the fatty acid composition and distribution of HMF and “deducting score” principle, the similarity of HMFS to HMF was assessed by the related model, and the score for the similarity of HMFS to HMF was 85.54 points, indicating that this HMFS can be used as a fat substitute in infant formula. This study can provide valuable information on preparing HMFS and will be helpful for the infant formula industry.Practical applications: The information on the whole process of the production of HMFS, including one‐step enzymatic synthesis, purification, quality evaluation and physical blending, is important for the development of infant formula with high quality. The enzymatic synthesis combined with physical blending methods enable a high similarity of HMFS to human milk fat and the HMFS can be used a potential fat substitute in infant formula.
Spin‐Labelled Pillar[5]arene as Paramagnetic Host for Supramolecular Assemblies
Authors: Manoni Roberta , Neviani Paolo , Franchi Paola , Mezzina Elisabetta , Lucarini Marco 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of a new member of the pillar[5]arene family carrying a paramagnetic side‐arm based on the 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine N‐oxide (TEMPO) moiety has been achieved by the Huisgen‐type CuAAC reaction. The possibility of exploiting the proposed pillar[5]arene as a host in paramagnetic rotaxane‐like structures was tested in the presence of charged guests and confirmed by NMR spectroscopy.
Synthesis of All the Diastereomers of 2‐Amino‐3‐hydroxy‐4,5‐dimethylhexanoic Acid
Authors: Spengler Jan , Albericio Fernando 
Published: November 2013

AbstractHerein, we describe an efficient stereoselective synthesis of all the diastereomers of 2‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐4,5‐dimethylhexanoic acid. The γ‐branched carbon skeleton was set up by reaction of Garner's aldehyde with 2‐lithio‐3‐methyl‐2‐butene. Hydrogenation (Pd/C catalyst) of the tetrasubstituted olefin proceeded smoothly with acceptable stereoselectivity, depending on the diastereomer hydrogenated. The final compounds were then obtained in 12–18 % overall yield through intramolecular cyclization, Jones oxidation, and hydrolysis in 5–7 steps from Garner's aldehyde.
Synthesis of the Conjugated Tetraene Acid Side Chain of Mycolactone E by Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Alkenyl Boronates
Authors: Wang Yuan , Dai Wei‐Min 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe conjugated tetraene acid side chain of mycolactone E has been synthesized by the cross‐coupling reaction of a trisubstituted triene bromide with a trisubstituted alkenyl boronate catalyzed by Pd(OAc)2–Aphos‐Y under mildly basic conditions [K3PO4·3H2O, H2O, tetrahydrofuran (THF), 35 °C, 18 h]. The conjugated tetraene product was obtained in 85 % yield without geometrical isomer(s) under the catalytic conditions. These results demonstrated that the coupling of alkenyl halides with alkenyl boronates catalyzed by Pd(OAc)2–Aphos‐Y in combination with CuI‐catalyzed regio‐ and stereoselective alkyne borylation offers an efficient synthetic tool for accessing conjugated polyene molecules.
Erosion of an active fault scarp leads to drainage capture in the Amazon region, Brazil
Authors: Val Pedro , Silva Clauzionor , Harbor David , Morales Norberto , Amaral Felipe , Maia Tiago 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTFar from the continental margin, drainage basins in Central Amazonia should be in topographic steady state; but they are not. Abandoned remnant fluvial valleys up to hundreds of square kilometers in size are observed throughout Amazonia, and are evidence of significant landscape reorganization. While major Late Miocene drainage shifts occurred due to initiation of the transcontinental Amazon River, local landscape change has remained active until today. Driven either by dynamic topography, tectonism, and/or climatic fluctuations, drainage captures in Amazonia provide a natural experiment for assessing the geomorphic response of low‐slope basins to sudden, capture related base‐level falls. This paper evaluates the timing of geomorphic change by examining a drainage capture event across the Baependi fault scarp involving the Cuieiras and Tarumã‐Mirim River basins northwest of the city of Manaus in Brazil. A system of capture‐related knickpoints was generated by base‐level fall following drainage capture; through numerical modeling of their initiation and propagation, the capture event is inferred to have occurred between the middle and late Pleistocene, consistent with other studies of landscape change in surrounding areas. In low‐slope settings like the Amazon River basin, base‐level fall can increase erosion rates by more than an order of magnitude, and moderate to large river basins can respond to episodes of base‐level fall over timescales of tens to hundreds of thousands of years. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.