bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hair type, intake, and detection method influence Rhodamine B detectability
Authors: Weerakoon Malith K. , Price Catherine J. , Banks Peter B. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractRhodamine B (RB) is a popular bait‐marking tool in wildlife research, although its use has required many assumptions about marking reliability. These assumptions have limited dosage ranges and detection methods in research applications. Identification of alternate detection methods, hair types, and dosage rates could create new opportunities for RB use and potentially reduce adverse effects on target animals. We examined the relationship between hair types, dosage rate, and detection method for RB applications using black rats (Rattus rattus) in laboratory settings. We gave study animals varying doses of RB, and examined vibrissae and guard hairs for the detection of RB bands using ambient light, ultraviolet (UV) light, and fluorescence microscopy techniques. Fluorescence microscopy detected more RB marked hairs than UV light or ambient light. Fluorescence microscopy was more sensitive to RB dose rate detection; with receiver operating characteristic curves suggesting that the minimum dose rates at which RB intake can be correctly detected are 3.9 and 33 mg/kg for vibrissae and guard hairs, respectively. Guard hair RB detection was less reliable under ambient light and UV lamps, but equally detectable as vibrissae under fluorescence microscopy. Our results confirmed the interrelationship between dosage and detection methods in the efficacy of bait markers. We demonstrated that guard hairs can be a reliable hair type for the detection of RB. This application is less invasive than sampling animal tissues to detect bait uptake. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Effects of hunting pressure and collection method bias on body mass of drake mallards
Authors: Szymanski Michael L. , Johnson Michael A. , Grovijahn Mark 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe weighed hunter‐killed mallards (Anas platyrhynchos; n = 4,747) during the 2005, 2008, and 2009 hunting seasons in Manitoba, Minnesota, North Dakota, Saskatchewan, and South Dakota to examine effects of hunting pressure on body mass. Our final model indicated that main effects describing age, hunting pressure, hunting method, season, relative harvest date, and selected interactions were influential in predicting mass of drake mallards during fall. Body mass of hatch‐year and after‐hatch‐year drake mallards harvested in low hunting pressure jurisdictions was 4.3% and 2.5% greater, respectively, than those harvested in high hunting pressure jurisdictions. Body mass of drake mallards from low hunting pressure jurisdictions was 12.1% greater for birds that were harvested using pass or jump shooting hunting methods than those that were harvested by hunters using decoys over dry agricultural fields. When possible, managers should consider disturbance during planning stages of attracting mallards, and not rely upon dry agricultural fields as foraging resources for mallards unless a positive energy balance can be achieved. Finally, studies examining physiological condition of waterfowl must account for collection technique. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Lower airway anomalies in children with CATCH 22 syndrome and congenital heart disease
Authors: Wang Ching‐Chia , Chen Shyh‐Jye , Wu En‐Ting , Chen Chun‐An , Chiu Shuenn‐Nan , Lin Ming‐Tai , Lu Frank , Huang Shu‐Chien , Wu Mei‐Hwan , Wang Jou‐Kou 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectiveCATCH 22 syndrome is a medical acronym for multiple abnormalities, especially cardiac defect. The patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) usually have more complicated post‐surgery course.MethodsWe reviewed 4‐year experience in our hospital to define the lower airway anomalies and the clinical implications in patients with CATCH 22 syndrome and CHD. From 2004 to 2007, 18 patients who underwent computed tomography for planning of cardiovascular treatment were enrolled. Detection of airway anomalies were performed on computed tomography.ResultsCharacteristic dysmorphic facial features were noted in 8 out of 18 patients (44%). Ten patients (55.6%) had mild to moderate tracheal or bronchial stenosis. Five patients (28%) had tracheomalacia or bronchomalacia. Comparing to control group, patients received the first major surgery with a median hospital stays of 42 days in study group had a significantly longer hospital stay (42 vs. 16, P = 0.005) and longer duration of ventilator usage (16 vs. 4, P = 0.014). The difference of the mean position of the carina on computed tomography image between study groups and control groups was about three‐quarters of a vertebral body height (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Patients with CATCH 22 syndrome and CHD had a shorter length of trachea compared to that of the age‐matched similar CHD. The incidence of associated lower airway anomalies in CHD children with CATCH 22 syndrome was higher. It may lead to longer time of ventilator support after surgery as well as total hospital stays than those of CHD without CATCH 22 syndrome. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013; 48:587–591. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preliminary Analysis of Aluminum Matrix Compositions for Composites Reinforcement with Carbon Fibers
Authors: Dyzia Maciej , Dolata Anna J. , Śleziona Józef 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn the liquid phase methods of obtaining the composites, one of important conditions is contact between liquid metal and the reinforcement. In the system of aluminum and carbon fiber, proper connection between liquid and the fibers depends not only on the wetting conditions but also on the reactivity of the components. In the processes of infiltration, one of the factors conducive to such a connection is the chemical composition of the alloy matrix. The composition of the alloy also decides on technological properties such as castability and shrinkage. The paper presents the results of modification AlSi9Cu(Fe) and AlSi9Mn base alloy with addition of magnesium and strontium. The scope of researches includes analysis of the structure alloys before and after modification and results of the compared metal flow in the gravity casting to graphite mold. The mold applied in the study allows the analysis of metal flow in ducts of varying cross section. In case of modified alloy AlSi9Cu(Fe) + 1% Mg + 0.03%Sr was observed a slight decrease of fluidity. While in the case of alloy AlSi9Mn +1% Mg +0.03%Sr length of filled increased comparing to similar beams on base alloy. The aim of modifying the chemical composition of the base alloy was to improve wettability in the Al/CF system during the infiltration process. In the case of an alloy AlSi9Cu(Fe), intended for use in the high pressure die casting (HPDC) process, small change of fluidity has no significant meaning. While for AlSi9Mn the effect of improving the melt fluidity is beneficial from the standpoint of technology GPI.
The early improvement of depressive symptoms as a potential predictor of response to antidepressants in depressive patients who failed to respond to previous antidepressant treatments. Analysis of naturalistic data
Authors: Bares M. , Novak T. , Kopecek M. , Stopkova P. , Kozeny J. , Höschl C. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIntroductionCurrent studies suggest that improvement of depressive symptoms after 2 weeks of treatment could predict the subsequent response. The aim of our study was to compare the predictive effect of early improvement (EI) after 1 and 2 weeks of treatment in patients who had failed to respond to previous antidepressant treatments (≥1 unsuccessful antidepressant trial).MethodSeventy-one subjects were treated (≥4 weeks) with various antidepressants chosen according to the judgment of attending psychiatrists. We used three definitions of EI (MADRS reduction ≥20, 25, 30%) at both time points. Areas under curve (AUC) were calculated to compare predictive effect of EI.ResultsWe found lower MADRS scores in weeks 1 and 2 in responders (≥50% reduction of MADRS, n = 35) compared to nonresponders. AUCs of MADRS reduction for response prediction at week 1 and 2 were not significantly different (0.73 vs 0.8; p = 0.24).ConclusionThe results indicate that improvement of depressive symptoms in the treatment of resistant patients may occur after the first week of treatment. The predictive potential might be comparable to that found after the second week of antidepressant intervention and be clinically meaningful.
When Patronage Meets Meritocracy: Or, The Italian AcademicConcorsoAs Cockfight
Authors: Moss David 
Published: September 2012

AbstractFor more than a century the processes of making academic appointments to Italian universities have regularly made news – bad news. The charges are serious: abuses of professorial power, collusion to fix outcomes in advance, favouritism to loyal followers, tolerance of mediocrity, indifference to scholarly merit. None of the many modifications to the selection rules between 1865 and 2010 has been reckoned effective in extirpating corruption and entrenching meritocracy. Drawing on participant observation of appointment processes in anthropology, I shall question the extent to which they do indeed represent a straightforward example of corruption. In particular, by considering both the formal rules and the academic community which has to use them to reproduce itself, I shall explore the possibility that the practices branded “corrupt” might more often be interpreted as efforts to reward merit rather than as conspiracies to flout it.
Six years of evidence-based adult dissection tonsillectomy with ultrasonic scalpel, bipolar electrocautery, bipolar radiofrequency or ‘cold steel’ dissection
Authors: Ragab S M 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjective:To conduct an adequately powered, prospective, randomised, controlled trial comparing adult dissection tonsillectomy using either ultrasonic scalpel, bipolar electrocautery, bipolar radiofrequency or ‘cold steel’ dissection.Methods:Three hundred patients were randomised into four tonsillectomy technique groups. The operative time, intra-operative bleeding, post-operative pain, tonsillar fossa healing, return to full diet, return to work and post-operative complications were recorded.Results:The bipolar radiofrequency group had a shorter mean operative time. The mean intra-operative blood loss during bipolar radiofrequency tonsillectomy was significantly less compared with cold dissection and ultrasonic scalpel tonsillectomy. Pain scores were significantly higher after bipolar electrocautery tonsillectomy. Patients undergoing bipolar electrocautery tonsillectomy required significantly more days to return to full diet and work. The bipolar electrocautery group showed significantly reduced tonsillar fossa healing during the first and second post-operative weeks.Conclusion:In this adult series, bipolar radiofrequency tonsillectomy was superior to ultrasonic, bipolar electrocautery and cold dissection tonsillectomies. This method combines the advantages of ‘hot’ and ‘cold’ tonsillectomy.
Wide aperture circularly polarized antenna for small telemetry satellites
Authors: Koubeissi M. , Arnaud E. , Thevenot M. , Monediere T. , Peragin E. , Diez H. 
Published: September 2012

This paper focuses on the design of a telemetry antenna system intended for small satellites. It provides an axial ratio (AR) lower than 3 dB over ±60° conical space angle with over 20% of bandwidth. The antenna consists of a multilayer patch element fed by a wideband feeding circuit. The latter is an appropriate adjustment of 90° hybrid couplers and 180° ring coupler. We show that this design provides high-quality circular polarization properties for agile small satellites without having to suspend their mission to download their data and also without sacrificing the antenna low profile and wide bandwidth. The antenna is fabricated and the experimental performance is presented and followed by a discussion.
Variabilities in ozone at a semi‐urban site in the Indo‐Gangetic Plain region: Association with the meteorology and regional processes
Authors: Ojha Narendra , Naja Manish , Singh K. P. , Sarangi T. , Kumar R. , Lal S. , Lawrence M. G. , Butler T. M. , Chandola H. C. 
Published: September 2012

The Indo‐Gangetic Plain (IGP) region is one of the most densely populated regions in the World, but ground‐based observations of air pollutants are highly limited in this region. Here, surface ozone observations made during March 2009–June 2011 at a semi‐urban site (Pantnagar; 29.0°N, 79.5°E, 231 m amsl) in the IGP region are presented. Ozone mixing ratios show a daytime photochemical buildup with ozone levels sometimes as high as 100 ppbv. Seasonal variation in 24‐h average ozone shows a distinct spring maximum (39.3 ± 18.9 ppbv in May) while daytime (1130–1630 h) average ozone shows an additional peak during autumn (48.7 ± 13.8 ppbv in November). The daytime, but not daily average, observed ozone seasonality is in agreement with the space‐borne observations of OMI tropospheric column NO2, TES CO (681 hPa), surface ozone observations at a nearby high altitude site (Nainital) in the central Himalayas and to an extent with results from a global chemistry transport model (MATCH‐MPIC). It is suggested that spring and autumn ozone maximum are mainly due to photochemistry, involving local pollutants and small‐scale dynamical processes. Biomass burning activity over the northern Indian region could act as an additional source of ozone precursors during spring. The seasonal ozone photochemical buildup is estimated to be 32–41 ppbv during spring and autumn and 9–14 ppbv during August–September. A correlation analysis between ozone levels at Pantnagar and Nainital along with the mixing depth data suggests that emissions and photochemical processes in the IGP region influence the air quality of pristine Himalayan region, particularly during midday hours of spring. The evening rate of change (8.5 ppbv hr−1) is higher than the morning rate of change, which is dissimilar to those at other urban or rural sites. Ozone seasonality over the IGP region is different than that over southern India. Results from the MATCH‐MPIC model capture observed ozone seasonality but overestimate ozone levels. Model simulated daytime ratios of H2O2/HNO3 are higher and suggesting that this region is in a NOx‐limited regime. A chemical box model (NACR Master Mechanism) is used to further corroborate this using a set of sensitivity simulations, and to estimate the integrated net ozone production in a day (72.9 ppbv) at this site.
Defining economic obstacles to the adoption of food safety systems in table olive processing firms
Authors: Tunalioglu Renan , Cobanoglu Ferit , Demet Karaman Ayse 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThe concept of food safety systems is increasing worldwide among farmers, manufactures, and processors and is also affecting consumer perspectives. This trend primarily impacts food businesses and table olive processing firms. The study seeks to explore the major economic obstacles to the adoption of food safety systems in table olive processing firms.Design/methodology/approachAll 59 table olive businesses in the Aydın Province of Turkey were included in the survey. In an effort to remove extraneous items and demonstrate internal consistency, Cronbach's alpha was calculated for each variable. To better specify the economic obstacles to food safety system implementation, data were examined with exploratory factor analysis using principal component extraction and varimax rotation.FindingsMajor economic obstacles that most prominently emerged from analyses may explain several key indicators including difficulties in employing well‐trained personnel required for food safety systems, insufficient training facilities for employees intended to aid in the implementation of food safety systems, deficiency of infrastructure and other physical conditions, and deficient financial support from government and non‐government organizations.Research limitations/implicationsThe study investigated only table olive processors. Future research should include analyses of consumer behaviors.Practical implicationsThe Turkish government must ensure implementation of food safety systems to increase public knowledge and accelerate government funds for the establishment of such systems in the food business industry.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the positive perceptions of managers and their behaviors towards implementation of food safety systems in table olive processing firms. Since the paper is one of only a few dealing with this topic, it provides key clues for dissemination of food safety systems adoption at the firm level.
Factors relating to effectiveness data use in healthcare management
Authors: Simonen Outi , Viitanen Elina , Blom Marja 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThe aim of this study is to produce information concerning factors which may hamper or promote the use of effectiveness data in secondary health care middle and upper management. Additionally, the study aims to acquire knowledge of the ways in which the managers would generate effectiveness data for use in their own work.Design/methodology/approachThe study was conducted by interviewing department directors, chief medical officers and directors of nursing (n=38) in the surgical, medical and psychiatric divisions of the five largest hospital districts in Finland.FindingsThe use of effectiveness data in management was hampered by factors relating to research, managerial work and the organization. Factors relating to the production of effectiveness data, managerial behaviour and a universal demand for evidence‐based operations were considered conducive to the use of such information. Managers would cultivate the use of effectiveness data by improving its accessibility, usability and visibility.Practical implicationsThe findings may help healthcare organizations in developing the use of effectiveness data in their decision‐making.Originality/valueThe paper addresses managers’ willingness to apply effectiveness data in decision‐making although the present quality, reliability and accessibility of effectiveness data do not meet the managers’ needs. The use of effectiveness data in management can be influenced by enhancing organizational patterns of action and supporting managerial decision‐making.
Total quality management in Sri Lankan service organizations
Authors: Yapa Saman 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to report the results of an investigation on the use of total quality management (TQM) tools, techniques and concepts among Sri Lankan service organizations.Design/methodology/approachThis research consisted of a literature review and a questionnaire survey done among 99 service organizations in Sri Lanka. First, the factors that are commonly used by TQM organizations were identified through the literature review.FindingsThe analysis revealed that there is an enthusiasm among managers in implementing TQM in their organizations. According to the respondents, 41 per cent of the organizations have already implemented TQM. However, deeper analysis of data revealed that there is a lack of thorough understanding of TQM philosophies and techniques among the managers.Practical implicationsThe findings of the paper will provide information to the practitioners to implement TQM in their organizations and to academics to design courses in TQM.Originality/valueIt is important to implement the related tools and techniques in full to realize the benefits of TQM. This paper reveals the level of use and understanding of these tools and techniques by the service sector managers in Sri Lanka.
Attributions for youth crime, accountability and legal competence
Authors: Pfeffer Karen , Maxwell Maureen , Briggs Amie 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThe aims of this study are to examine the influence of offender age, offender abuse history, crime outcome and attributions for crime on judgments about young offenders.Design/methodology/approachA sample of 240 British undergraduates was asked to respond to a scenario about a young person who committed a crime, recommend a sentence, and rate the young offender's criminal accountability and legal understandings. Their attributions for crime were measured using the CDS‐II, adapted for observer attributions. The age of the young offender (ten years, 14 years, or 17 years), abuse history (abused or not abused) and crime outcome (victim death or injury) were varied systematically.FindingsInternal attributions predicted participants' beliefs about punishment and sentencing recommendations. Although participants considered the youngest offenders to be less criminally accountable and unlikely to understand the legal process, this did not affect recommended punishment. Attributions of personal control were influenced by abuse history; the behavior of offenders with a history of abuse was considered less within the offender's personal control.Originality/valueThe results demonstrate the types of attributions and information that influence the opinions of jury‐eligible British adults when asked to make decisions about serious offences committed by young offenders.
Social marketing and alcohol misuse prevention in German-speaking countries
Authors: Wettstein Dominic , Suzanne Suggs L. , Lellig Christiane 
Published: September 2012

Purpose
– Despite social marketing being widely adopted in English-speaking countries, there is limited evidence of it being adopted in German language countries. Alcohol misuse is a social problem that has been the topic of health campaigns globally. The purpose of this paper is to understand the level of knowledge and adoption of social marketing among alcohol misuse prevention campaign planners, to understand current practices in campaigns, and to examine the use adoption of social marketing in such campaigns in Austria, Germany and Switzerland.

Design/methodology/approach
– Campaigns were identified through bibliographic databases, online search engines, and expert inquiry. A survey was administered to campaign planners to retrieve primary data about campaigns. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Practices were compared to social marketing using Andreasen's six social marketing benchmark criteria.

Findings
– In total, 31 campaigns were included in the review. Some 55 per cent of planners reported knowing about social marketing and 52 per cent reported using it in the reviewed campaign. Relative to the benchmark criteria, social marketing was rarely adopted, with one campaign attaining all six criteria and eight meeting at least four of them.

Originality/value
– The paper is the first to provide an overview of the use of social marketing in alcohol misuse prevention campaigns in German language countries. It generates information on knowledge and adoption of social marketing and contributes to understanding the diffusion of social marketing in a sample of European countries.