bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tolerability and Efficacy of 3 Approaches to Intra-articular Corticosteroid Injections of the Knee for Osteoarthritis
Authors: Wagner Bradford S. , Howe Allyson S. , Dexter William W. , Hatzenbuehler John R. , Holt Christina , Haskins Amy E. , Lucas F. Lee 
Published: August 2015

Background: Several studies have been performed suggesting that a superolateral approach to cortisone injections for symptomatic osteoarthritis of the knee is more accurate than anteromedial or anterolateral approaches, but there are little data to correlate clinical outcomes with these results. Additionally, there are minimal data to evaluate the pain of such procedures, and this consideration may impact physician preferences for a preferred approach to knee injection. Purpose: To determine the comparative efficacy and tolerability (patient comfort) of landmark-guided cortisone injections at 3 commonly used portals into the arthritic knee without effusion. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: Adult, English-speaking patients presenting to a sports medicine clinic with knee pain attributed to radiographically proven grades I through III knee osteoarthritis were randomized to receive a cortisone injection via superolateral, anteromedial, or anterolateral approaches. Patients used a visual analog scale (VAS) to self-report comfort with the procedure. Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) 3.1 VAS scores were used to establish baseline pain and dysfunction prior to the injection and at 1 and 4 weeks follow-up via mail. Results: A total of 55 knees from 53 patients were randomized for injection using a superolateral approach (17 knees), an anteromedial approach (20 knees), and an anterolateral approach (18 knees). The mean VAS scores for procedural discomfort showed no significant differences between groups (superolateral, 39.1 ± 28.5; anteromedial, 32.9 ± 31.5; anterolateral, 33.1 ± 26.6; P = .78). WOMAC scores at baseline were similar between groups as well (superolateral, 1051 ± 686; anteromedial, 1450 ± 573; anterolateral, 1378 ± 673; P = .18). The WOMAC scores decreased at 1 and 4 weeks for all groups, with no significant differences in reduction between the 3 groups. Conclusion: Other studies have shown that the superolateral portal is the most accurate. This study did not assess accuracy, but it showed that all 3 knee injection sites studied have similar overall clinical benefit at 4-week follow-up. Procedural pain was not significantly different between groups.
Triceps Tendon Ruptures Requiring Surgical Repair in National Football League Players
Authors: Finstein Joseph L. , Cohen Steven B. , Dodson Christopher C. , Ciccotti Michael G. , Marchetto Paul , Pepe Matthew D. , Deluca Peter F. 
Published: August 2015

Background: Complete triceps tendon ruptures are relatively rare in the general population but slightly more prevalent in professional football. One prior study found 11 complete ruptures over a 6-season period. Hypothesis: Triceps ruptures occur more commonly in football linemen due to forced elbow flexion during an eccentric contraction and may occur more commonly with the increasing size and speed of professional players. Surgical repair allows full return to sports, but with a lengthy recovery time. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A search of the National Football League Injury Surveillance System (NFLISS) found a total of 37 triceps tendon ruptures requiring surgical repair from the years 2000 to 2009. Data were obtained for setting of injury, player position, activity causing injury, play type, time of game when injury occurred, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and number of days lost from football. Results: There were 37 players requiring surgical repair for triceps tendon ruptures over the 10-season period. The average height, weight, and BMI of the players were 75 inches, 292 pounds, and 36.5 kg/m2, respectively. The majority of players were linemen (86%): 16 defensive, 15 offensive, and 1 tight end. The injury took place while blocking or being blocked in 29 players (78%) and while tackling or being tackled in 5 players (14%). Players missed an average of 165 days (range, 49-318 days) from football as a result of their injury and surgery. Conclusion: Triceps tendon tears requiring surgical repair are more common in professional football players than in the general population and are occurring more commonly than previously reported. Surgical repair allows return to play. Clinical Relevance: Our study identifies the rate of triceps tendon tears requiring repair in the NFL according to position, identifying which players may be most at risk for this injury.
Risk of familial classical Hodgkin lymphoma by relationship, histology, age, and sex: a joint study from five Nordic countries
Authors: Kharazmi Elham , Fallah Mahdi , Pukkala Eero , Olsen Jörgen H. , Tryggvadottir Laufey , Sundquist Kristina , Tretli Steinar , Hemminki Kari 
Published: August 2015

Key Points
We provide clinically relevant familial risk estimates for classical HL patients by relationship, histology, age at diagnosis, and sex.
Fatty Acid Binding Protein Deletion Suppresses Inflammatory Pain through Endocannabinoid/N-Acylethanolamine-Dependent Mechanisms
Authors: Kaczocha Martin , Glaser Sherrye T. , Maher Thomas , Clavin Brendan , Hamilton John , Rourke Joseph O' , Rebecchi Mario , Puopolo Michelino , Owada Yuji , Thanos Panayotis K. 
Published: August 2015

Background Fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) serve as intracellular carriers that deliver endocannabinoids and N-acylethanolamines to their catabolic enzymes. Inhibition of FABPs reduces endocannabinoid transport and catabolism in cells and FABP inhibitors produce antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects in mice. Potential analgesic effects in mice lacking FABPs, however, have not been tested. Findings Mice lacking FABP5 and FABP7, which exhibit highest affinities for endocannabinoids, possessed elevated levels of the endocannabinoid anandamide and the related N-acylethanolamines palmitoylethanolamide and oleoylethanolamide. There were no compensatory changes in the expression of other FABPs or in endocannabinoid-related proteins in the brains of FABP5/7 knockout mice. These mice exhibited reduced nociception in the carrageenan, formalin, and acetic acid tests of inflammatory and visceral pain. The antinociceptive effects in FABP5/7 knockout mice were reversed by pretreatment with cannabinoid receptor 1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 receptor antagonists in a modality specific manner. Lastly, the knockout mice did not possess motor impairments. Conclusions This study demonstrates that mice lacking FABPs possess elevated levels of N-acylethanolamines, consistent with the idea that FABPs regulate the endocannabinoid and N-acylethanolamine tone in vivo. The antinociceptive effects observed in the knockout mice support a role for FABPs in regulating nociception and suggest that these proteins should serve as targets for the development of future analgesics.
Interplay between HIV-1 and Toll-like receptors in human myeloid cells: friend or foe in HIV-1 pathogenesis?
Authors: Donninelli Gloria , Gessani Sandra , Del Cornò Manuela 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe Toll-like receptors are the first line of the host response to pathogens, representing an essential component of the innate and adaptive immune response. They recognize different pathogens and trigger responses directed at eliminating the invader and at developing immunologic long-term memory, ultimately affecting viral pathogenesis. In viral infections, sensing of nucleic acids and/or viral structural proteins generally induces a protective immune response. Thus, it is not surprising that many viruses have developed strategies to evade or counteract signaling through the Toll-like receptor pathways, to survive the host defense machinery and ensure propagation. Thus, Toll-like receptor engagement can also be part of viral pathogenic mechanisms. Evidence for a direct interaction of Toll-like receptors with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) structures has started to be achieved, and alterations of their expression and function have been described in HIV-1–positive subjects. Furthermore, Toll-like receptor triggering by bacterial and viral ligands have been described to modulate HIV-1 replication and host response, leading to protective or detrimental effects. This review covers major advances in the field of HIV-1 interplay with Toll-like receptors, focusing on human myeloid cells (e.g., monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells). The role of this interaction in the dysregulation of myeloid cell function and in dictating aspects of the multifaceted pathogenesis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome will be discussed.
Water-soluble BODIPY Derivative as a Highly Selective “Turn-on” Fluorescent Probe for Hydrogen Sulfide in Living Cells
Authors: Zhang Jian , Peng Fangfang , Dong Xiaochun , Zhao Weili 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A novel BODIPY derivative incorporating quaternized 4-pyridinium group as a self-immolative linker was synthesized and studied for the selective detection of hydrogen sulfide. Such a probe exhibits excellent selectivity to allow differentiation of H2S from biologically essential thiol-containing amino acids and other common analytes. It can be used to visualize NaSH in living cells.
Reductive Reaction of Selenate with Hydrazine over TiO2-supported Pt Catalyst in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Zhao Jinxian , Matsune Hideki , Takenaka Sakae , Kishida Masahiro 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Although there has been no report on the catalytic reaction of selenate over heterogeneous catalysts in aqueous solution, we found that titania-supported Pt catalysts exhibited significantly high activity for the reduction of selenate with hydrazine. The Pt catalysts were deactivated during the reaction because of the deposition of Se metal, but showed excellent reusability. Therefore, it was firstly demonstrated that heterogeneous catalysts are effective for the removal of selenate from aqueous solution.
Polymerized Crystalline Colloidal Array Photonic Crystal with Enhanced Mechanical Property
Authors: Chen Cheng , Zhao Xueling , Bao Hua , Liang Xuewen , Zhu Zhigang , Zhu Yihua 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Photonic crystal structures attract much interest, and considerable efforts have been devoted toward hydrogel-based photonic crystal responsive materials. However, the mechanical strength of such composite films is still not desirable. Here, we present a light diffracting hydrogel film with enhanced mechanical property by embedding a self-assembled polystyrene array in a binary hydrogel via a facile photopolymerization technique, which enables the convenient fabrication and shaping of robust photonic sensing films.
Modelling the complex activity of multiple sclerosis specialist nurses in England
Authors: Leary Alison , Mynors Geraldine , Bowen Amy 
Published: August 2015

Background: Specialist advanced practice nursing in multiple sclerosis (MS) has evolved as a complex activity driven by patient and carer needs. The purpose of this study was to understand the complexity of expert nursing in MS. Methods: Knowledge discovery through data was the underpinning framework. A bespoke data collection tool was used that originated from previously modelled systems. Data was collected and mined. Results: As many as 9050 events over 150 days were collected. No events were excluded from analysis. The work of specialist nurses in MS is complex in terms of the physical (43% of interventions) and psycho-social care (32% of interventions). More than two-fifths (42%) of interventions were delivered over the telephone. Conclusion: The work of nurses specialising in MS care is complex and multidimensional. An understanding of this complexity can be used to establish key performance indicators, optimum caseload calculations and economic evaluation.
"Imageable" Zinc-Silicate Glass Microspheres For Transarterial Embolization: A Renal Artery Embolization Study.
Authors: Kehoe Sharon , Amensag Salma , Looney Mark , Abraham Robert J. , Boyd Daniel 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIntrinsically radiopaque (imageable) microspheres for transarterial embolization (TAE) are required to enable real-time intraprocedural feedback and definition of spatial distribution patterns of embolic materials in target tissues. This pilot study evaluates acute and sub-chronic safety and efficacy of imageable zinc-silicate (Zn-Si) glass microspheres in a swine renal artery embolization (RAE) model. Eight swine were divided into two cohorts. Clinical determinants of embolization effectiveness, including imageability, deliverability and temporal/ spatial distribution of microspheres in target tissues were assessed. Subsequently, cohort I and II were used to evaluate the acute and subchronic host response against the Zn-Si microspheres versus a clinical control. The developed microspheres provide for direct intraprocedural feedback using standard diagnostic imaging techniques. Fluoroscopy correlated with ex-vivo high-resolution radiography, CT and micro-CT, demonstrating high imageability, excellent spatial distribution and packing of the Zn- Si microspheres. At follow-up, infarction of the embolized kidneys was noted without any major adverse tissue reaction. Mild recanalization was observed microscopically for both experimental and control microspheres. Zn-Si microspheres permit the definition of spatial distribution in a target tissue, consequently permitting the optimization, personalization and improvement of TAE techniques.
Statistical methods used in the calculation of geriatric reference intervals: a systematic review
Authors: Arseneau Erika , Balion Cynthia M. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractGeriatric reference intervals (RIs) are not commonly available and are rarely used. It is difficult to select a reference population from a cohort with a high degree of morbidity. Also important are the statistical approaches used to determine health-associated reference values. It is the aim of this study to examine the statistical methods used in the calculation of geriatric RIs.A search was conducted on EMBASE and Medline for articles between January 1989 and January 2014. Studies were selected if they: 1) were English primary articles; 2) performed a clinical chemistry test on a blood fraction; 3) had a population sub-group consisting of individuals ≥65 years of age; and 4) calculated a RI for the subgroup ≥65 years of age.There were 64 articles identified, of which 78.1% described the RI calculation method used. RI calculation was performed by non-parametric (21.9%), parametric (42.2%), robust (3.1%), or other (17.2%) methods. Outlier detection (SD, Grubb’s test, Tukey’s fence, Dixon) was infrequently used and although most studies performed partitioning, only 57.8% tested the statistical significance of the partitions. Few studies (17.2%) reported confidence intervals for the RI estimates. Overall, only 14.1% of studies provided RI estimates which followed the CLSI guideline EP28-A3c.Statistical methods for RI calculation and partitioning varied considerably between studies and many failed to provide adequate descriptions of these methods. Challenges in analyses arose from insufficient sample sizes and heterogeneity in the elderly population. Geriatric RIs, although present in the literature, may not be properly calculated and should be carefully considered before applying them for clinical care.
Localized dissolution of grain boundary T1 precipitates in Al-3Cu-2Li
Authors: Goswami Ramasis 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was employed to investigate the dissolution behavior of nanocrystalline grain boundary T1 precipitates in Al-3Cu-2Li. These grain boundary T1 plates exhibit an orientation relation with matrix, with the (1-11)α-Al parallel to (0001)T1 and [022]α-Al parallel to [10-10]T1, which is similar to the orientation relationship of T1 plates formed within grains. TEM studies showed that these grain boundary T1 plates react readily in moist air. As a result of the localized dissolution, the Cu-rich clusters form onto T1, which is consistent with the localized dissolution behavior observed in nanocrystalline S phase in Al-Cu-Mg.
Pectin Extraction from Mango Peels in Batch Reactor: Dynamic One-Dimensional Modeling and Lattice Boltzmann Simulation
Authors: Durán Ricardo , Villa Aída L. , Ribeiro Rogers , Rabi José A. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A dynamic one-dimensional model accounting for pectin generation from protopectin in the solid matrix of mango peels and its degradation in both interstitial and extra-particle (i.e. reactor-filling) acid solution is proposed. The model assumes that pectin diffusive transport occurs in the interstitial fluid while eventual diffusive, thermal and pH influences in the solid phase were lumped into the kinetic coefficient of protopectin-pectin conversion. First-order kinetic was assumed to pectin degradation. Differential equations were numerically solved by adapting an in-house simulator of bioprocesses via the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). As part of the LBM method, particle distribution functions were assigned to the pectin concentration in interstitial and reactor-filling fluid as well as assigned to the protopectin concentration in the solid phase. Equilibrium distribution functions were adopted by considering stationary solid phase, diffusive transport in interstitial fluid, and no spatial dependence in the reactor-filling fluid. Model parameters were assessed by comparing numerically simulated extraction yield curves with existing experimental data of pectin extraction using a batch reactor under either conventional or microwave heating. While the expected behavior of extraction yield curves was fairly reproduced in LBM simulations, discrepancies with respect to the experimental data can be assigned to assumptions in this preliminary model (e.g. first-order degradation kinetic and/or lumping effects into the protopectin-to-pectin kinetic). Prospective influence of slab thickness on extraction yields was also examined in LBM simulations.
A post-hoc Unweighted Analysis of Counter-Matched Case-Control Data
Authors: Rakovski Cyril , Langholz Bryan 
Published: August 2015

AbstractInformative sampling based on counter-matching risk set subjects on exposure correlated with a variable of interest has been shown to be an efficient alternative to simple random sampling; however, the opposite is true when correlation between the two covariates is absent. Thus, the counter-matching design will entail substantial gains in statistical efficiency compared to simple random sampling at a first stage of analyses focused by design on variables correlated with the counter-matching variable but will lose efficiency at a second stage of analyses aimed at variables independent of the counter-matching variable and not conceived as a part of the initial study. In an effort to recover efficiency in such second stage of analyses scenarios, we considered a naive analysis of the effect of a dichotomous covariate on the disease rates in the population that ignores the underlying counter-matching sampling design. We derive analytical expressions for the bias and variance and show that when the counter-matching and the new dichotomous variable of interest are uncorrelated and a multiplicative main effects model holds, such an analysis is advantageous over the standard “weighted” approach, especially when the counter-matching variable is rare and in such scenarios the efficiency gains exceeds 80%. Moreover, we consider all possible conceptual violations of the required assumptions and show that moderate departures from the above-mentioned requirements lead to negligible levels of bias; numerical values for the bias under common scenarios are provided. The method is illustrated via an analysis of BRCA1/2 deleterious mutations in the radiation treatment counter-matched WECARE study of second breast cancer.
Fuzzy Logic Based Rotor Health Index of Induction Motor
Authors: Misra Rajul , Pahuja G. L. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This paper presents an experimental study on detection and diagnosis of broken rotor bars in Squirrel Cage Induction Motor (SQIM). The proposed scheme is based on Motor Current Signature Analysis (MCSA) which uses amplitude difference of supply frequency to upper and lower side bands. Initially traditional MCSA has been used for rotor fault detection. It provides rotor health index on full load conditions. However in real practice if a fault occurs motor can not run at full load. To overcome the issue of reduced load condition a Fuzzy Logic based MCSA has been designed, implemented, tested and compared with traditional MCSA. A simulation result shows that proposed scheme is not only capable of detecting the severity of rotor fault but also provides remarkable performance at reduced load conditions.
On-line Adaptive and Intelligent Distance Relaying Scheme for Power Network
Authors: Dubey Rahul , Samantaray S. R. , Panigrahi B. K. , Venkoparao G. V. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The paper presents an on-line sequential extreme learning machine (OS-ELM) based fast and accurate adaptive distance relaying scheme (ADRS) for transmission line protection. The proposed method develops an adaptive relay characteristics suitable to the changes in the physical conditions of the power systems. This can efficiently update the trained model on-line by partial training on the new data to reduce the model updating time whenever a new special case occurs. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated on simulation platform for test system with two terminal parallel transmission lines with complex mutual coupling. The test results, considering wide variations in operating conditions of the faulted power network, indicate that the proposed adaptive relay setting provides significant improvement in the relay performance.
Unexpected documentation and inter-Andean range expansion of a vulnerable large mammal (Mammalia, Pilosa, Myrmecophaga tridactyla) in Colombia
Authors: Figel Joe J. , Botero-Cañola Sebastián , Sánchez-Londoño Juan David , Quintero-Ángel Andrés 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe distribution of the giant anteater (
Application of ultrasonic-assisted injection molding for improving melt flowing and floating fibers
Authors: Yang Yi-Jen , Huang Chung-Ching , Tao Jie 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
In this study, we investigated the use of ultrasonic technology in assisted injection molding and mold designs. We used an ultrasonic device installed in a mold to vibrate a melt directly, thereby converting kinetic energy into thermal energy. In addition, we developed three flat specimens of different thicknesses (3, 1, and 3-1-3 mm) produced by ultrasonic-assisted injection molds. An ultrasonic oscillation device 45 mm in diameter was placed in the cavity and used to vibrate a polycarbonate or a polycarbonate with 30% glass fiber melt at a frequency of 20 kHz. Furthermore, cavity pressure sensors were positioned at the front and rear of the vibration region for analyzing the melt flow behavior under ultrasonic-assisted injection molding conditions. Because of the absorption of ultrasonic energy, local heat was generated inside the resin, thus forming an oscillatory flow during the packing and holding stages, improving the flow characteristics of the melt, and changing the melt flow behavior around the skin layer to reduce the molecular orientation and high shear effect. The freezing rate of the melt was also reduced to eliminate the glass fiber streaks, floating fibers, and fiber orientation, particularly for thinner parts; the hesitation phenomena were then improved to increase the weld line strength.