bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low Altitude Atmospheric Circulation Characteristics of Arctic Oscillation and Its Relation to Solar Activity
Authors: Wei‐Zheng QU , Yan‐Fang LI , Chun LI , Ling DU , Fei HUANG 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA comparative analysis is made to the monthly average geopotential height, geopotential height anomaly, and temperature anomaly of the Northern Hemisphere at the place with an air pressure of 1000 hPa during the positive and negative phases of arctic oscillation (AO). The result shows that the abnormal warming period in the Arctic region corresponds to the negative phase of AO, while the anomalous cold period corresponds to its positive phase. It means that the abnormal change in the Arctic region is an important factor deciding the anomalies of AO. The AO phenomena occurring in January have a clear quasi‐110‐year centurial cycle and quasi‐22‐year decadal cycle, which are closely related to solar activities. The specific expressions are as follows: (1) The AO phenomena occurring in January have a clear quasi‐110‐year centurial cycle closely related to solar activities. The variance contribution rate of this cycle for AO indexes reaches 44.4%, which is the most significant centurial change characteristic of the AO phenomena in January. (2) The spectral analysis results show that the AO indexes in January after filtering out the 110‐year centurial variation have a significant 22‐year cycle, and their variance contribution rates reach 18.5%, which is the second important characteristics of the interdecadal changes of AO indexes after the quasi‐110‐year centurial cycle. The comparative analysis results show that there is a close inverse relationship between the solar activities (especially the solar magnetic field index changes) and the changes in the 22‐year cycle of the AO in January, and that the two trends are basically opposite to each other. That is to say, in most cases after the solar magnetic index MI rises from the lowest value, the solar magnetic field turns from north to south, and the high‐energy particle flow entering the Earth's magnetosphere increases to heat the polar atmosphere, thus causing the AO to drop from the highest value. After the solar magnetic index MI drops from the highest value, the solar magnetic field turns from south to north, and the solar high‐energy particle flow passes through the top of the Earth's magnetosphere rather than entering it to heat the polar atmosphere. And thus the polar temperature drops, causing the AO to rise from the lowest value. In summary, the variance contribution rate of the changes in the Quasi‐110‐year centurial cycle and Quasi‐22‐year decadal cycle to the AO is up to 62.9%, indicating that solar activity is an important driving factor of the AO.
An Instantaneous Re‐Initialization Method of Real Time Kinematic PPP by Adding Ionospheric Delay Constraints
Authors: Wen‐Wu DING , Ji‐Kun OU , Zi‐Shen LI , Yun‐Bin YUAN 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn the traditional mode, re‐initialization in real time kinematic PPP caused by problems such as signal interruption can seriously affect PPP's performance. An improved method is proposed in this paper to solve this problem. Firstly, an ionospheric predicting model and its relevant weighting method are designed. Then floating results of cycle slips are estimated by combining the predicted values and epoch/satellite differenced observations. After that, cycle slip fixing is attempted to achieve instantaneous re‐initialization of PPP. Through adaptively adjusting the weighting of the ionospheric prediction results, the accuracy of the estimated parameters is improved, together with the success rate and reliability of cycle slip fixing. Analysis results from different distributions and different epochs reveal that the performance of cycle slip fixing is strongly correlated with station position, solar activity and time latency. Using the proposed method, a success rate of higher than 90% can be obtained when the time latency is relatively small (<90 s), which proves the effectiveness of the method. However, the performance differs greatly in different regions and solar activities when the time latency increases. The success rate lowers down with decreasing latitudes and stronger solar activity.
Features of Regional Variations of the Spontaneous Field
Authors: Da‐Cheng TAN , Jia‐Liu ZHAO , Xiao‐Feng LIU , Ying‐Ying FAN , Jun LIU , Jun‐Ying CHEN 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAccording to the classification principle of field sources, the geoelectric field E is composed of the spontaneous field ESP and telluric field ET. The ESP originates from the physical and chemical actions of underground media. Its change and stability have usually obvious characteristics of local sites. The ET originates from the space current system and tidal forces, and shows the nature of broad areas in diurnal variation waveforms and spectral characteristics. In respect of the microscopic mechanism of their formations, the ESP and ET can have partly same processes of mechanisms. In 2008–2013, in the vicinity of the north‐south seismic zone in China mainland, the data of representative 13 geoelectric field observatories suggest that the ESP of most sites do not exhibit clear annual variation waveforms, and their stabilities depend on regions, sites, orientation, tectonic activities and other factors. In these areas, the variation of ESP showed some common phenomena like relatively steady rises and falls, rapid jumps, sudden jumps and so forth. In the vicinity of major fault and local areas, the trend turning points of big variations often show the features of temporal synchronization and quasi‐synchronization. The data stability may be similar at the same period of time, while its variation forms are usually irrelevant for site factors. During the more steady phase of the ESP, the preferred orientation α of crack water seepage calculated by the application of spectral features of tidal geoelectric field tends to be in a relatively stable state; during extreme fluctuations of the ESP, the α often experiences significant changes. The α calculated on a daily basis according to the spectral characteristics of the tidal geoelectric field may reveal the daily variation information of fissures, crack water seepage, principal compressive stress of the site, which thus can help analyze the process of microscopic mechanism of macro changes of the ESP and ET.
Application of Grid‐Nesting Technique on Sandwaves Migration Simulation II— Sandwaves Migration in Northern South China Sea
Authors: Wen‐Bin JIANG , Mian LIN , Yong LI , Feng‐Xin FAN , Jun YAN 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis paper developed a numerical model applicable to the simulation of small‐scale sandwaves migration in northern South China Sea. The model is composed of ultra‐high resolution 3D ocean environment module and sediment transport module, considering the impact of terrain, tides, temperature, salinity and wind stresses on the bottom flow field and the sandwaves migration. The study found that sandwaves migrations with opposite direction on the two sides of the sand ridge resulted from the joint effects of terrain, tide, temperature and salinity. Among them, the density current induced by temperature and salinity distribution is one of the factors that cannot be ignored in the sandwave migration. Comparing with measurement results, the simulation results are better than the previous 2DV model and the Q3D model; the model can simulate the phenomenon of sandwaves migration direction flip on the two sides of the sand ridge.
Magnetic Fabrics in Jingzhuba‐Shiwo Section of Foreland Fold Belt of the South Dabashan: Constraints on Its Tectonic Evolution
Authors: Jin‐Qiang XIE , Guo‐Wei ZHANG , Xiu‐Feng GUO , Ru‐Kui LU , Wen‐Tian LIANG , Ying‐Tao CHEN , Yi‐Bo SHEN 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA detailed investigation of the structural geometry and magnetic fabrics together with rock magnetism has been carried out along Jingzhuba‐Shiwo section located in the foreland fold belt of the South Dabashan, which aims to shed light on the superimposed deformation and tectonic evolution. As a whole, the intensity of deformation decreases from the northeast to the southwest, and the axial planes dip northeastward and the hinges of large‐scale folds plunge northwestward at small angle. Moreover, the maximum principal stress indicates that the compression of the South Dabashan is dominant as per palaeostress analysis. The sampling horizons before the Late Jurassic are mainly characterized by magnetic fabrics in deformed rocks, whereas the sampling horizons ranging from the Late Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous are characterized by incipient magnetic fabrics in weakly deformed rocks. The magnetic lineations are dominantly oriented NW‐SE and remain almost parallel to the main tectonic structures of the section, suggesting that AMS can be ascribed to tectonic processes. Also there are two types of unusual magnetic fabrics revealed. The first one merely occurring in the northeast section is characterized by an oblique magnetic foliation with respect to bedding, which is related with parallel‐bedding simple shear during fold growth. The other one caused by tectonic superimposition is characterized by an oblique magnetic lineation with respect to bedding strike. The plunges of Kmin increase with decreasing deformation intensity from northeast to southwest along the section, which can be taken as a gauge to distinguish the deformation intensity of weakly‐deformed sedimentary rocks according to the relativity. Consequently it can be concluded that the superimposed structure of the section was formed by the combined compression which arose from the South Dabashan primarily and the Micangshan and the eastern Sichuan fold belt secondly during the Late Jurassic. Afterwards the compression from the South Dabashan was still dominant, the compression from the other two directions, however, became much weaker in the Early Cretaceous than in the Late Jurassic. Furthermore, the effects resulting from Qinling intracontinental orogeny during J3‐K1 and Xuefeng intracontinental deformation could be reflected by the results mentioned above, which can also provide evidences for exploration of continental dynamics.
Electroacupuncture for fatigue, sleep, and psychological distress in breast cancer patients with aromatase inhibitor‐related arthralgia: A randomized trial
Authors: Mao Jun J. , Farrar John T. , Bruner Deborah , Zee Jarcy , Bowman Marjorie , Seluzicki Christina , DeMichele Angela , Xie Sharon X. 
Published: July 2014

BACKGROUNDAlthough fatigue, sleep disturbance, depression, and anxiety are associated with pain in breast cancer patients, it is unknown whether acupuncture can decrease these comorbid symptoms in cancer patients with pain. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on fatigue, sleep, and psychological distress in breast cancer survivors who experience joint pain related to aromatase inhibitors (AIs).METHODSThe authors performed a randomized controlled trial of an 8‐week course of EA compared with a waitlist control (WLC) group and a sham acupuncture (SA) group in postmenopausal women with breast cancer who self‐reported joint pain attributable to AIs. Fatigue, sleep disturbance, anxiety, and depression were measured using the Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The effects of EA and SA versus WLC on these outcomes were evaluated using mixed‐effects models.RESULTSOf the 67 randomly assigned patients, baseline pain interference was associated with fatigue (Pearson correlation coefficient [r]=0.75; P < .001), sleep disturbance (r=0.38; P=.0026), and depression (r=0.58; P < .001). Compared with the WLC condition, EA produced significant improvements in fatigue (P=.0095), anxiety (P=.044), and depression (P=.015) and a nonsignificant improvement in sleep disturbance (P=.058) during the 12‐week intervention and follow‐up period. In contrast, SA did not produce significant reductions in fatigue or anxiety symptoms but did produce a significant improvement in depression compared with the WLC condition (P=.0088).CONCLUSIONSCompared with usual care, EA produced significant improvements in fatigue, anxiety, and depression; whereas SA improved only depression in women experiencing AI‐related arthralgia. Cancer 2014;120:3744–3751. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
The usefulness of the cell transfer technique for immunocytochemistry of fine‐needle aspirates
Authors: Marshall Ann E. , Cramer Harvey M. , Wu Howard H. 
Published: July 2014

BACKGROUNDThe use of immunocytochemistry as an important ancillary technique for the workup of fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) specimens is an important component in the daily practice of cytopathology. Although cell block preparations are commonly used, immunocytochemistry cannot be completed if the cell blocks are hypocellular. As an alternative approach when conventional cell blocks fail, immunocytochemistry can be performed on cell‐transferred direct smears. Multiple immunostains can be applied to a single direct smear using the cell transfer technique (CTT).METHODSA retrospective review of all FNA cases performed at the study institution over a 3‐year period was conducted. All cases in which CTT was used for immunocytochemistry were identified. The contribution of CTT to the final diagnosis in these cases was assessed.RESULTSCTT was used in 152 of the 11,259 FNAs performed. A total of 431 immunocytochemistry stains, including 46 different antibodies, were performed using CTT. In 118 of 150 cases, the immunocytochemistry results contributed significantly to the final diagnosis. It provided no added value in the remaining 32 cases and failed in 2 cases.CONCLUSIONSCTT is a very useful tool for the workup and diagnosis of FNA specimens when conventional cell blocks lack adequate cellularity. Although CTT was used in only 1.4% of FNA cases in the current study, it contributed to the final diagnosis in 79% of the cases in which it was used. For these patients, CTT reduced the need for repeat FNAs, thereby reducing potential patient morbidity and health care costs. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2014;122:898–902. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Intelligent self‐adaptive resources selection for grid applications
Authors: Botón‐Fernández María , Vega‐Rodríguez Miguel A. , Prieto Castrillo Francisco 
Published: July 2014

SummaryGrid computing is considered a promising trend, which enables the sharing of a wide variety of computational and storage resources geographically distributed. Despite the advantages of such paradigm, several problems have emerged during the last decade; most of them caused by an inefficient utilization of grid resources. The present contribution proposes an approach to improve the grid resources selection process. An optimization model for choosing grid resources in an intelligent way has been designed. A mathematical formulation to monitor the resources efficiency has also been established. Furthermore, the model provides a self‐adaptive capability to grid applications, enhancing them for dealing with the changing environmental conditions. The model applies an artificial intelligence algorithm for ensuring an efficient selection. In particular, three different versions have been implemented. Each of them uses a different algorithm. Finally, during the evaluation phase of the model, the experimental tests were performed in a real grid infrastructure. The results show that the model improves the infrastructure throughput, by increasing the finished tasks rate and by reducing the applications execution time. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nanostructure Synthesis at the Solid–Water Interface: Spontaneous Assembly and Chemical Transformations of Tellurium Nanorods
Authors: Vinod T. P. , Froumin Natalya , Mogiliansky Dimitry , Zeiri Leila , Ezersky Vladimir , Jelinek Raz 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBottom‐up synthesis offers novel routes to obtain nanostructures for nanotechnology applications. Most self‐assembly processes are carried out in three dimensions (i.e. solutions); however, the large majority of nanostructure‐based devices function in two dimensions (i.e. on surfaces). Accordingly, an essential and often cumbersome step in bottom‐up applications involves harvesting and transferring the synthesized nanostructures from the solution onto target surfaces. We demonstrate a simple strategy for the synthesis and chemical transformation of tellurium nanorods, which is carried out directly at the solid–solution interface. The technique involves binding the nanorod precursors onto amine‐functionalized surfaces, followed by in situ crystallization/oxidation. We show that the surface‐anchored tellurium nanorods can be further transformed in situ into Ag2Te, Cu2Te, and SERS‐active Au–Te nanorods. This new approach offers a way to construct functional nanostructures directly on surfaces.
Towards the Realization of Ab Initio Dynamics at the Speed of Molecular Mechanics: Simulations with Interpolated Diabatic Hamiltonian
Authors: Park Jae Woo , Rhee Young Min 
Published: July 2014

AbstractUnderstanding photochemical processes often requires accurate descriptions of the nonadiabatic events involved. The cost of accurate quantum chemical simulations of the nonadiabatic dynamics of complex systems is typically high. Here, we discuss the use of interpolated quasi‐diabatic potential‐energy matrices, which aims to reduce the computational cost with minimal sacrifices in accuracy. It is shown that interpolation reproduces the reference ab initio information satisfactorily for a sizeable chromophore in terms of its adiabatic energies and derivative coupling vectors. Actual nonadiabatic simulation results of the chromophore in the gas phase and in aqueous solution are presented, and it is demonstrated that the interpolated quasi‐diabatic Hamiltonian can be applied to studying nonadiabatic events of a complex system in an ensemble manner at a much‐reduced cost. Limitations, and how they can be overcome in future studies, are also discussed.
Mechanical Model of Globular Transition in Polymers
Authors: Tricard Simon , Shepherd Robert F. , Stan Claudiu A. , Snyder Phillip W. , Cademartiri Rebecca , Zhu Danny , Aranson Igor S. , Shakhnovich Eugene I. , Whitesides George M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn complex, multicomponent systems, polymers often undergo phase transitions between distinct conformations. This paper reports a millimeter‐scale granular model of coil‐to‐globule transitions: one “polymer” chain—a cylinders‐on‐a‐string “pearl necklace”—and many spheres, all shaken on a horizontal surface. It is possible to describe the behavior of this granular system by using formalisms generally used in statistical physics of polymers. Two sets of experiments allowed the observation of first‐ and second‐order coil‐to‐globule transitions. The model shows that the competition between long‐ and short‐range interactions leads to a first‐order transition. Well‐designed granular system represents another kind of approach to the study of polymer phase transitions and might inspire future designs of polymer‐like mesoscale systems.
Space‐based visual attention: A marker of immature selective attention in toddlers?
Authors: Rivière James , Brisson Julie 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTVarious studies suggested that attentional difficulties cause toddlers' failure in some spatial search tasks. However, attention is not a unitary construct and this study investigated two attentional mechanisms: location selection (space‐based attention) and object selection (object‐based attention). We investigated how toddlers' attention is distributed in the visual field during a manual search task for objects moving out of sight, namely the moving boxes task. Results show that 2.5‐year‐olds who failed this task allocated more attention to the location of the relevant object than to the object itself. These findings suggest that in some manual search tasks the primacy of space‐based attention over object‐based attention could be a marker of immature selective attention in toddlers. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 1589–1594, 2014.
Control region sequences indicate that multiple externae represent multiple infections by Sacculina carcini (Cirripedia: Rhizocephala)
Authors: Rees David , Glenner Henrik 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe rhizocephalan barnacle, Sacculina carcini, is a common parasite of the European shore crab, Carcinus maenas, in which it causes significant detrimental physical and behavioral modifications. In the vast majority of cases, the external portion of the parasite is present in the form of a single sac‐like externa; in rare cases, double or even triple externae may occur on the same individual host. Here, we use a highly variable DNA marker, the mitochondrial control region (CR), to investigate whether multiple externae in S. carcini represent infection by multiple parasites or asexual cloning developed by a single parasite individual. Sequences for multiple externae from C. maenas hosts from the Danish inlet, Limfjorden, and from the mud flates at Roscoff, France, were compared. In almost all cases, double or triple externae from an individual host yielded different haplotypes. In the few cases where identical haplotypes were identified from externae on a multiple‐infected host, this always represented the most commonly found haplotype in the population. This indicates that in Sacculina carcini, the presence of multiple externae on a single host reflects infection by different individual parasites. A haplotype network of CR sequences also suggests a degree of geographical partitioning, with no shared haplotypes between the Limfjorden and Roscoff. Our data represent the first complete CR sequences for a rhizocephalan, and a unique gene order was also revealed. Although the utility of CR sequences for population‐level work must be investigated further, the CR has proved a simple to use and highly variable marker for studies of S. carcini and can easily be applied to a variety of studies in this important parasite.
Trimethylaluminium‐Mediated Reaction of Primary Carboxamides with Amines and Indoles: A Convenient Synthesis of Amidines and Indole‐3‐acylimines
Authors: Velavan A. , Sumathi S. , Balasubramanian K. K. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA simple, convenient and general method, exhibiting good functional group tolerance, is described for the synthesis of N‐ and N,N‐disubstituted amidines by the reaction of primary carboxamides with amines mediated by trimethylaluminium (AlMe3). Subsequent reaction of the indole systems with primary carboxamides in the presence of AlMe3 gives exclusively the C‐3 substituted imine product.
Synthesis of trans‐A2B2‐ and trans‐A2BC‐Porphyrins with Polar 4′‐(Dimethylamino)tolan‐4‐yl Substituents, and a Screening Protocol for Vapor‐Phase Deposition on Metal Surfaces
Authors: Alberti Mariza N. , Nowakowska Sylwia , Tzirakis Manolis D. , Nowakowski Jan , Fesser Petra , Schweizer W. Bernd , Shchyrba Aneliia , Thilgen Carlo , Jung Thomas A. , Diederich François 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe role of polar 4‐[p‐(dimethylamino)phenylethynyl]phenyl substituents, with a calculated dipole moment of 3.35 Debye, in the self‐assembly of trans‐A2B2‐ and A2BC‐substituted porphyrins was explored in the solid state by X‐ray crystallography, and on an Au(111) surface by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Our results demonstrate that the dipolar character of these substituents blocks the 2D self‐assembly of porphyrins into larger ordered domains on Au(111) at low coverage, whereas antiparallel dipole–dipole interactions govern the molecular ordering in the crystal. The STM analysis revealed an adaptation of the conformation of the prochiral building blocks and a site‐selectivity of the adsorption. We present a general protocol for testing the suitability of higher‐molecular‐weight compounds, such as porphyrins, to be deposited on surface by sublimation in ultra‐high vacuum (UHV). This protocol combines classical methods of chemical analysis with typical surface science techniques.