bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capacity bounds for a Gaussian optical wireless relay channel
Authors: Raza A. D. , Muhammad S. Sheikh 
Published: July 2014

AbstractCapacity of a radio relay channel has been extensively studied. Although general solution to the capacity problem is still elusive, solution for a physically degraded relay channel is available. This paper presents the original results for lower and upper bounds on the capacity of an optical wireless relay channel. Optical intensity communication uses signals that are inherently non‐negative and are governed by average and peak power constraints dictated by the considerations of battery life and safety of human eye. The component optical wireless links of the relay channel are assumed to be Gaussian, a valid assumption for intensity modulation direct detection model. The decode‐and‐forward inner bounds are developed through entropy power inequality. The concept of duality of capacity is employed for determining the min–max cut upper bound. Two sets of upper bounds have been worked out using a non‐zero mean Gaussian and a piecewise continuous measure comprising Gaussian and exponential components on the channel output. As maximum entropy measure for a peak and mean power‐constrained channel depends on mean‐to‐peak power ratio α, separate set of bounds have been computed for
and
. It is shown that high signal asymptotes of upper and lower bounds tend to converge. The maximum gap between the two asymptotic bounds is half a bit. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unexpected Dehalogenation Reactions of Dichloroborane Bearing a NCN‐Pincer Ligand: Formation of a Borenium Salt
Authors: Saito Masaichi , Matsumoto Kaori , Fujita Masahiro , Minoura Mao 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT2,6‐Bis[(diisopropylamino)methyl]phenyllithium 1 reacted with trichloroborane etherate to afford dichloroarylborane 4. The treatment of 4 with Ag triflate provided bistriflate 5. The reaction of 4 with AgBF4, however, afforded an unexpected product, borenium salt 6.
Toxicological Study and Oxidative Stress Evaluation for Safety Assessment of Xylanase Preparations in Wistar Rats
Authors: Driss Dorra , Soudani Najla , Boudawara Tahia , Zeghal Najiba , Chaabouni Semia Ellouze 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTAcute and 90‐day subchronic oral toxicity studies were conducted to establish the safety evaluation of xylanases preparations. A potential oxidative stress evaluation was also performed through testing the generation of oxidative radicals, depletion of antioxidants via oxidative modification of lipids, proteins and DNA of organ cells. During the subchronic oral toxicity study, no mortality was observed, obvious treatment‐related clinical signs and urinalysis parameters were in normal range. Differences in some hematological parameters, biochemistry, relative organ weight, and histopathology examinations between the treated group and the control group were not judged to be adverse. Our results indicated that the no‐observed‐adverse‐effect level for xylanases was 1,500 TXU/kg/day and the plasma antioxidant assays showed that these xylanases did not produce free‐radicals nor oxidative injuries. On the basis of the bacterial reverse mutation assay data, it is concluded that the expressed xylanase in Pichia pastoris do not present any mutagenic potential when tested in relevant genotoxicological assays.
Uncertainty analysis ofSPIcalculation and drought assessment based on the application of Bootstrap
Authors: Hu Yi‐Ming , Liang Zhong‐Min , Liu Yong‐Wei , Wang Jun , Yao Lei , Ning Yawei 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTThe Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) has been widely used to monitor the drought status. In the estimation ofSPI, an appropriate probability distribution function (APDF) is required to fit precipitation series with different timescales, such as 3‐month, 9‐month and so on. Then the standard normal distribution function is used to transform the cumulative probability derived fromAPDFto calculate theSPIvalue. Obviously, the estimation accuracy ofSPIparticularly depends on the sample that influences the selection ofPDFand parameter estimation. However, the size of the observed sample is usually small, and it cannot perfectly present the statistical property of the population, which usually causes the uncertainty on calculation ofSPIand in turn results in the uncertainty of drought assessment. Due to the existence of gap between the estimatedSPIand the trueSPI, when one obtains the estimation ofSPI, it is necessary to know the reliability or uncertainty of the estimatedSPI. In this article, a new method based on the Bootstrap method was put forward to analyse the impact of sampling uncertainty on the estimation ofSPIand drought assessment. Through repeating samples from the original sample, a large number of Bootstrap samples are constructed, and based on each Bootstrap sample, the corresponding estimation ofSPIfor the given event can be obtained. Therefore, the sampling distribution ofSPIfor the given event can also be derived, on which both the point estimation and interval estimation ofSPIfor the given precipitation event can be provided, and the overall assessment of a drought event could be achieved. The case study shows that, compared with the originalSPIcalculation method, the proposed method not only provides equivalent assessment results, but also has the capability to assess the impact of sampling uncertainty on the uncertainty ofSPIcalculation and drought assessment.
The nonrecurrent laryngeal nerve: Anatomic and electrophysiologic algorithm for reliable identification
Authors: Kamani Dipti , Potenza Andre S. , Cernea Claudio R. , Kamani Yash V. , Randolph Gregory W. 
Published: July 2014

Objectives/HypothesisThe recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) intraoperative monitoring (IONM) provides a new functional dynamic that adds to visual identification of the RLN to optimize its intraoperative management. Intraoperative monitoring has been applied to the initial identification of the RLN. We now apply IONM to the identification of the nonrecurrent laryngeal nerve (NRLN) and provide electrophysiologic and anatomic parameters to facilitate this technique of neural identification for the NRLN, which is at increased risk of injury during thyroid surgery.Study DesignRetrospective.MethodsA study of cases of the NRLN from consecutive thyroid surgeries with IONM was conducted. Preoperative and postoperative laryngoscopy was documented in all cases.ResultsTen right‐sided nerves (0.6%) were identified as NRLN. One hundred percent of NRLNs had documented normal preoperative and postoperative laryngeal function. Distal and proximal vagal nerve stimulation points that allowed for the electrophysiologic prediction of a nonrecurrence in all patients were identified. Electrophysiological normative parameters of NRLN were compared to those of the normal right RLN and right vagus nerves.ConclusionNonrecurrent laryngeal nerve is present in 0.6% of patients undergoing thyroid surgery. Intraoperative monitoring involving vagal stimulation at the defined distal and proximal points provides reliable electrophysiologic intraoperative verification of the presence of the NRLN. Three anatomical subtypes of right NRLN are noted that enable early identification of the NRLN. In conjunction with detailed knowledge of the NRLN anatomic pathways, they also may be helpful in preventing injury to the NRLN, which has been shown to be at higher risk during thyroid surgery. We provide an anatomic and electrophysiologic algorithm for reliable identification of the NRLN.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 125:503–508, 2015
Research in Arts Marketing: Evolution and Future Directions
Authors: Colbert François , St‐James Yannik 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTArts marketing has emerged as a flourishing research domain over the last few decades. Reflecting on the nature and evolution of arts marketing research, we propose a selective review of the literature on the marketing and consumption of arts and culture. Specifically, this review examines the defining characteristics of arts marketing research, as well as key themes and contributions, with the goal of identifying promising future directions.
The Effect of Ambient Scent on the Experience of Art: Not as Good as It Smells
Authors: Cirrincione Armando , Estes Zachary , Carù Antonella 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTThis study examines the impact of ambient scent on the perception and memory of art, in terms of perceived valence, arousal, and remembering of artworks. Because art perception evokes emotions and embodiment, the experiential marketing literature suggests using sensorial stimuli to enhance the experience of visiting art exhibitions. Although a fragrance in the environment can make visiting enjoyable, we examine more specifically the effects of scent on perception and memory of art, including potential interactions between different scents and artworks. In a between‐participant experiment, this study shows some counterintuitive effects of scent on both evaluation and memory of art: a pleasant ambient scent can decrease evaluations of artworks and hinder memory of those artworks. Furthermore, scent and art have an interactive effect on arousal, such that incongruent scents and artworks increase arousal relative to congruent scents and artworks. In conclusion, enhancing experiences through sensorial cues can counterintuitively hinder the evaluation and memory of art. To the extent that art institutions aim to spread knowledge and appreciation of art, managers should be aware that ambient scents can actually interfere with this mission.
Artist‐Related Determinants of Music Concert Prices
Authors: Decrop Alain , Derbaix Maud 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTTicket prices of pop/rock concerts have risen considerably over the last decade. Reasons for this growth are debatable: the monopolistic position of one concert promoter, the development of mass culture and fanaticism, or changes in artists’ business model due to illegal downloading. This empirical paper identifies artist‐related variables that play a significant role in the pricing of music concerts. Referring to economic principles (e.g., transaction costs, economies of scale) and psychological theories (e.g., preferences, signaling), six hypotheses were tested using a unique database covering a period of seven years and containing information on 2687 concerts organized in Belgium as well as on performing artists. Results show that artists’ career, nationality, and their popularity are the major determinants of ticket prices.
Gold Nanowire Forests for SERS Detection
Authors: La Porta Andrea , Grzelczak Marek , Liz-Marzán Luis M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSimple wet chemistry has been applied to control the vertical growth of gold nanowires on a glass substrate. As a consequence, the longitudinal localized surface plasmon band position can be tuned from 656 to 1477 nm in a few minutes by simply controlling the growth rate and time. This allowed us to select the optimum conditions for maximum electromagnetic enhancement and performance in surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection. SERS measurements confirmed the uniform and reproducible distribution of the nanowires on the substrate, with the subsequent high reproducibility of hot spot formation. Detection of malachite green in water and of 1‐naphthalenethiol from the gas phase are demonstrated as proof‐of‐concept applications of these three‐dimensional SERS substrates.
Effect of the Ortho Alkylation of Perylene Bisimides on the Alignment and Self‐Assembly Properties
Authors: Dasgupta Debarshi , Kendhale Amol M. , Debije Michael G. , ter Schiphorst Jeroen , Shishmanova Ivelina. K. , Portale Giuseppe , Schenning Albertus P. H. J. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe effect of the ortho alkylation of perylene bisimides on the alignment and self‐assembly properties has been studied. It was found that the dichroic properties of perylene bisimides in a liquid crystal host can be reversed with a single synthetic step by ortho alkylation. Furthermore, a solvent‐induced growth of ultralong organic n‐type semiconducting fibrils from non‐ortho‐alkylated perylene bisimide was observed. Ortho substitution of the perylene bisimide core alters the mode of fibrillar growth, leading to isotropic crystallization.
Prenatal management and outcomes in mirror syndrome associated with twin–twin transfusion syndrome
Authors: Chai Hanjing , Fang Qun , Huang Xuan , Zhou Yi , Luo Yanmin 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe aim of this article is to investigate the prevalence, clinical presentation, prenatal management, and prognosis of mirror syndrome associated with twin–twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) treated by amnioreduction or selective fetocide.MethodA retrospective study of twin pregnancies with TTTS was conducted. The prevalence of mirror syndrome, defined as severe maternal edema related to fetal hydrops and placental edema, was calculated for TTTS, and data on clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of the patients were reviewed.ResultsWe observed mirror syndrome in 4.85% (5/103) of pregnancies with TTTS and 26.32% (5/19) of pregnancies with TTTS Stage IV. Most cases (4/5) of mirror syndrome associated with TTTS were diagnosed before 24 weeks of gestation. The patients manifested edema, anemia, hemodilution, and hypoproteinemia (5/5); proteinuria (4/5); complicated postpartum hemorrhage (4/5); and pulmonary edema and congestive heart failure (2/5). Maternal hemoglobin, hematocrit, and plasma protein dropped after amnioreduction. The perinatal survival rate at 28 days was 28.57% (2/7), and only one infant born after selective feticide survived beyond 18 months.ConclusionTTTS carries a high risk of mirror syndrome, a disease with significant materno‐fetal mortality and morbidity. Amnioreduction alone or with selective feticide in mirror syndrome may transiently aggravate anemia and hemodilution and lead to severe maternal complications. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ABA triblock copolymers from two mechanistic techniques: Polycondensation and atom transfer radical polymerization
Authors: Agudelo Natalia A. , Elsen Andrea M. , He Hongkun , López Betty L. , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTABA triblock copolymers were synthesized using two polymerization techniques, polycondensation, and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). A telechelic polymer was synthesized via polycondensation, which was then functionalized into a difunctional ATRP initiator. Under ATRP conditions, outer blocks were polymerized to form the ABA triblock copolymer. Six types of samples were prepared based on a poly(ether ether ketone) or poly(arylene ether sulfone) center block with either poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(pentafluorostyrene), or poly(ionic liquid) outer blocks. As polycondensation results in polymers with broad molecular weight distribution (MWD), the center of these triblock copolymers are disperse, while the outside blocks have narrow MWD due to the control afforded from ATRP. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 228–238
A preliminary analysis of item‐selection behavior of Japanese female university students examining a 2D virtual fashion web site
Authors: Nosu Kiyoshi , Ikeda Makiko 
Published: July 2014

AbstractE‐commerce is spreading into various fields in our daily lives as a result of the growth of interactive Internet communication technologies. Two‐dimensional computer graphics (2D CG) image presentations, which are simple and inexpensive, can be displayed directly on apparel e‐commerce sites. This study uses sequential pattern mining to analyze the item‐selection behavior of Japanese female university students examining a 2D virtual fashion Web site. It is found that most users did not initially examine their favorite category items; instead, they examined the commonly viewed items first, and then examined various other fashion items before making their final selection. © 2014 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Appearance of the endometrium at saline contrast sonohysterography in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle: a prospective observational study
Authors: Jokubkiene L. , Sladkevicius P. , Valentin L. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo describe the ultrasonographic morphology of the endometrium at saline contrast sonohysterography (SCSH) performed in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle in women 20–38 years of age with regular menstrual cycles.MethodsThe study included 26 women (median age 33 (range, 20–38) years) with regular menstrual cycles referred for hysterosalpingo‐contrast sonography (HyCoSy) as part of infertility work‐up (n = 19) or before donor insemination in lesbian couples (n = 7). SCSH and HyCoSy were performed 6–10 days after a positive luteinizing hormone (LH) urinary self‐test. Three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasound volumes of the uterus were saved with and without saline in the uterine cavity. The results presented are based on offline analysis of the 3D volumes.ResultsMedian endometrial thickness was 10.4 (range, 6.0–17.3) mm. Twelve (46%; 95% CI, 27–65%) of the 26 women had endometrial folds at SCSH. The number of folds varied between 1 and 6 (median 3). Endometrial thickness was similar in women with and without endometrial folds (median endometrial thickness 10.7 (range, 6.0–17.3) mm vs 10.1 (range, 6.1–14.4) mm; P = 0.257), and the amount of saline in the uterine cavity did not differ between the two groups (median 8.6 (range, 5.2–12.9) mm vs 7.1 (range, 3.2–13.3) mm; P = 0.527). In two women with endometrial folds at two‐dimensional (2D) or 3D‐SCSH, focal endometrial pathology (polyp) was suspected, but hysteroscopically resected endometrium showed normal histology.ConclusionsOne should avoid performing SCSH in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, not only because there may be a fertilized ovum in the genital tract but also because endometrial folds are common in this phase and may lead to overdiagnosis of focal endometrial pathology, such as polyps. If, for some reason, SCSH is performed in the luteal phase and the results are equivocal, the procedure should be repeated in the follicular phase. Copyright © 2014 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Not miR‐ly micromanagers: the functions and regulatory networks of microRNAs in mammalian skin
Authors: Riemondy Kent , Hoefert Jaimee E , Yi Rui 
Published: July 2014

The microRNA (miRNA) pathway is a widespread mechanism of post‐transcriptional gene regulation in eukaryotic cells. In animals, each miRNA species can regulate hundreds of protein‐coding genes, resulting in pervasive functions for miRNAs in numerous cellular processes. Since the identification of the first mammalian miRNA, the function of miRNAs in mammals has been a topic of great interest, both because of the versatile roles of miRNAs in biological systems, as well as the clinical potential of these regulatory RNAs. With well‐defined cell lineages and the availability of versatile tools for both in vivo and in vitro studies, mammalian skin has emerged as an important system in which to examine miRNAs' functions in adult tissues. In this review, we discuss recent insights into the functions and regulatory networks of miRNAs in mammals, with a specific focus on murine skin development as a model system. We first introduce functional analyses of the miRNA biogenesis pathway in the skin, then highlight the functions of individual miRNAs in skin development, followed by an examination of miRNA roles in skin stress responses. We finish with a discussion of miRNA regulatory networks and emphasize future challenges and emerging technologies that permit the genome‐wide study of miRNA functions and regulatory mechanisms in mammalian skin. WIREs RNA 2014, 5:849–865. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1250This article is categorized under:

Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > RNAi: Mechanisms of Action
Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Development
Metallo Phthalocyanines bearing 2‐Isopropyl‐6‐methylpyrimidin‐4‐yloxy Substituents: Synthesis, Characterization, Aggregation Behavior, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity, and Electronic Properties
Authors: Ağırtaş M. Salih , Dede Emrah , Gümüş Selçuk , Dündar Abdurrahman , Okumuş Veysi 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA novel phthalonitrile derivative bearing 2‐isopropyl‐6‐methylpyrimidin‐4‐yloxy substituents at peripheral positions was synthesized by a nucleophilic substitution reaction. Metallophthalocyanines were obtained from the reaction of the novel phthalonitrile with metal Zn, Cu, Co, and Ni salts. The characterization of the compounds was performed using elemental analysis as well as UV/Vis, FT‐IR, and 1H‐NMR spectroscopy. The aggregation behaviors of phthalocyanine complexes were also investigated. These metallophthalocyanines do not show any aggregation behavior between 10–4–10–6 M concentration range in THF. The antioxidant activities of the synthesized compounds were evaluated using three different tests: 2, 2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, metal chelating activity, and reducing power assays. All the compounds exhibited various antioxidant activities. In addition, antimicrobial activity of the compounds was tested over four gram positive and two gram negative bacteria. Moreover, the ground‐state geometries of the complexes were optimized using density functional theory (DFT) methods at B3LYP/6‐31G(d, p) level in order to obtain information about the 3D arrangements and electronic structure.
Syntheses and Structures of Coordination Polymers Constructed by Semi‐Rigid Bicarboxylic Acid Ligands
Authors: Liu Ying‐Ying , Yang Jin , Ma Jian‐Fang 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe complexes [Co(L1)(mpy)] (1), [Ni(L1)(mpy)] (2), [Co(L1)(tbpy)]·2H2O (3), [Ni2(L1)2(tbpy)2]·5H2O (4), [Mn2(L1)2(tbpy)2]·3H2O (5), [Mn(L1)(biim‐3)] (6), [Ni2(L1)2(btb)2(H2O)]·2H2O (7), [Cu(L2)(mpy)]·7H2O (8), [Co(L2)(tbpy)(H2O)] (9), [Ni(L2)(tbpy)(H2O)]·H2O (10), [Cu(L2)(bib)]·2H2O (11), and [Cu(L2)(btb)]·2H2O (12) [H2L1 = (3‐carboxyl‐phenyl)‐(4‐(2′‐carboxyl‐phenyl)‐benzyl)ether, H2L2 = 3‐carboxy‐1‐(4′‐carboxybenzyl)‐2‐oxidopyridinium, mpy = 2‐(4‐(4′‐methylphenyl)‐6‐(pyrindin‐2‐yl)pyridin‐2‐yl)pyridine), tbpy = 2‐(4‐(4′‐tert‐butylphenyl)‐6‐(pyrindin‐2‐yl)pyridin‐2‐yl)pyridine), biim‐3 = 1,3‐bis(imidazol‐1′‐yl)propane, btb = 1,4‐bis(1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐ylmethyl)benzene, bib = 1,4‐bis(imidazol‐1′‐ylmethyl)benzene] were synthesized. Compounds 1–6 have similar 1D chain structures, which are further linked by π–π interactions to generate supramolecular double chains for 1 and 2, and supramolecular layers for 3–6. Compound 7 displays a 3D 6‐connected framework with (44·611) topology. Compound 8 features a monomolecular structure, which is further linked by hydrogen bonds between the lattice water molecules and carboxylate oxygen atoms of L2 anions to form a 2D supramolecular layer. The monomolecular structures of 9 and 10 are connected by hydrogen bonds and π–π interactions simultaneously to generate supramolecular layers. Compounds 11 and 12 show layer structures.