bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poor Awareness of Risk Factors for Cancer in Irish Adults: Results of a Large Survey and Review of the Literature
Authors: Ryan Aoife M. , Cushen Samantha , Schellekens Harriët , Bhuachalla Eadaoin Ni , Burns Lisa , Kenny Ursula , Power Derek G. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

Background.
Knowledge of cancer risk factors is unknown in Ireland. An understanding of risk factors could help inform cancer prevention programs.

Aims and Methods.
A 48-question online survey was designed to gather data to assess levels of public knowledge about cancer risk factors.

Results.
There were 748 participants (648 women, 100 men). Mean age was 37 years (range: 18–74 years). For the public, 81% were concerned about developing cancer; however, 20% believed that cancer is unavoidable if a family history exists, 27% believed that &gt;50% of cancers are inherited, and 54% believed that 10%–20% of cancers are inherited; 20% were unaware that risk increases with age. The top five risk factors listed by respondents were smoking (87%), diet (76%), genetics (47%), alcohol (42%), and obesity (33%). Only 32% of the public were aware that obesity is a risk factor, and 33% did not think the location of fat was important. Moreover, 29% and 48% believed that risk could be increased by wearing a tight bra and by a blow to the breast, respectively. In addition, 85% and 86% believed that stress and that mobile phones, respectively, “strongly” increase risk; 12% believed that luck is important in avoiding cancer; 35% thought that “detox” diets could reduce risk; and 61% believed that organic food reduces risk. The majority were aware that physical activity of 30 minutes per day can reduce risk.

Conclusion.
A sizable portion of the population is misinformed about cancer risk. Most participants were aware of classic risk factors (e.g., smoking, diet); however, many overestimated risk attributable to genetics, environment, and stress and underestimated age, obesity, and sunlight. One in seven participants believed that lifetime risk of cancer is not modifiable.
Les contestations de la psychiatrie
Authors: Hochmann Jacques , Mongin Olivier , Padis Marc-Olivier , Roman Joël 
Published: March 2015

Répressive, aliénante, relais de l’État : la psychiatrie, en particulier dans les années 1960 et 1970, a souvent été la cible des critiques. Aujourd’hui, avec la crise de la psychiatrie de secteur et la montée en puissance des neurosciences, comment préserver une psychiatrie « humaniste » ?
L'asile et la prison
Authors: Fassin Didier 
Published: March 2015

La prison comme l’asile naissent à la fin du xviii e siècle. Mais si la population asilaire augmente rapidement jusqu’au milieu du xx e , depuis la Seconde Guerre mondiale, elle décline, alors que le nombre de prisonniers explose. Quel lien établir entre ces deux phénomènes ? Comment la prison exacerbe-t-elle la souffrance psychique ?
« La tribu des loufoques »
Authors: Chalier Jonathan 
Published: March 2015

Comment se déroule, au quotidien, l’accompagnement des autistes ? Au-delà des polémiques médiatiques sur les « causes » et les « traitements », les professionnels s’engagent dans la construction d’une relation ; car l’autisme, en fin de compte, est peut-être moins un objet de science qu’une invitation à interroger nos pratiques, nos institutions et nos comportements.
Santé mentale : quels choix politiques ?
Authors: Robiliard Denys , Padis Marc-Olivier 
Published: March 2015

Les discours politiques autour de la santé mentale ont eu tendance à se focaliser ces dernières années sur la « dangerosité » des fous, ce qui a eu un impact sur les élus locaux. Comment améliorer leur collaboration avec un secteur psychiatrique qui demeure, malgré la sectorisation, coupé du reste de la société, et manque ainsi de visibilité, donc de porte-parole politiques ?
Images de la folie au cinéma
Authors: Desbarats Carole 
Published: March 2015

Les films autour de la folie scandent l’histoire du cinéma, et ont parfois accompagné les luttes de terrain, notamment dans les années 1960 et 1970. Mais aujourd’hui, il semble que ce soit l’idiot, plutôt que le fou, qui inspire les cinéastes : celui qui fait moins peur, et qui n’a pas d’explication – même délirante – à donner du monde qui l’entoure...
Passer de l'autre côté
Authors: Mongin Olivier 
Published: March 2015

L’auteur bolivien Edmundo Paz Soldán livre dans Norte une réflexion sur la frontière : entre le bien et le mal, les États-Unis et le Mexique, la raison et la folie. À travers les portraits de personnages réels ou imaginaires, un peintre, un tueur et un universitaire, il passe d’un côté à l’autre en montrant le trouble qui s’installe quand la violence extérieure attaque la conscience de chacun.
La folie ordinaire du pouvoir
Authors: Fœssel Michaël 
Published: March 2015

Pascal est le premier philosophe à avoir associé dans sa réflexion la folie et le pouvoir. Pour lui, la passion de la légitimité qui anime les sociétés modernes vire au délire, sous couvert de raison. Comment comprendre que gouvernants et gouvernés soient victimes d’une croyance folle dans leur bon droit ?
Histoire naturelle et histoire humaine
Authors: Berque Augustin , Paquot Thierry , Lalaut Clémence 
Published: March 2015

Comment comprendre les liens entre l’homme et son environnement, ou plutôt entre l’homme et son milieu ? Passer par la philosophie japonaise nous permet de ne plus se confiner dans le dualisme sujet/objet, pour prendre en compte le point de vue de chaque espèce, en tant que sujet collectif, sur son propre monde.
Corporate discourse from a cross-disciplinary perspective: characterizing corporate social responsibility in the non-financial reports of American technological risk companies
Authors: Domenec Fanny 
Published: March 2015

Cet article souligne l’importance d’une approche interdisciplinaire pour la caractérisation des variétés spécialisées d’anglais et des communautés discursives qui les produisent. Il présente une analyse menée sur trois axes pour caractériser l’approche spécifique de la responsabilité sociale d’entreprise (RSE) au sein des multinationales américaines du risque technologique. Afin de tenir compte des différents aspects de la spécialisation, l’auteur a privilégié une approche interdisciplinaire qui considère à la fois le discours et son contexte de production : des entretiens avec des membres des multinationales et des spécialistes permettent de mieux comprendre la culture d’entreprise et de compléter l’analyse de corpus. De plus, des questionnaires ont été distribués au grand public pour évaluer la perception des entreprises du risque technologique et de leur discours. Les résultats des analyses montrent que ces entreprises partagent un discours et une culture spécifiques, fondés sur une stratégie de légitimation. Trois aspects liés à la RSE sont traités : la prépondérance des thématiques liées à l’environnement, l’argument de l’hégémonie du marché, une culture de la sécurité commune.
Entre parole d’expert et visée programmatique : les policy briefs, genre discursif propre aux think tanks américains
Authors: Gaillard Mathilde 
Published: March 2015

Cette étude vise à caractériser l’incidence de la position spécifique des think tanks américains à l’interface du monde de la recherche et du monde politique sur leur discours, à travers une analyse structurelle et rhétorique d’un corpus de policy briefs produits par trois think tanks américains entre 2010 et 2013. Elle s’appuie sur l’hypothèse suivante : les contraintes auxquelles sont soumis les experts des think tanks dans leur pratique professionnelle du fait de cette position d’interface et la tension entre expertise et action politique qui en résulte, se reflètent sur certaines caractéristiques du genre. L’analyse structurelle met en lumière la nature codifiée du genre organisé en réponse aux besoins d’expertise des hommes politiques. L’analyse rhétorique révèle cependant la dimension programmatique des policy briefs, reflet du besoin de visibilité et d’influence des think tanks dans le monde politique américain. Cette tension entre expertise et visée programmatique, et la nature hybride du genre, permettent de questionner la posture de l’expert des think tanks dans la société américaine.
A la gauche du Christ? Le 68 des catholiques chiliens
Authors: Giraudier Elodie 
Published: March 2015

Au Chili, la contestation sociale, les réformes et les conflits politiques des années 1960 ont eu lieu au sein et autour d’institutions (universités et partis) et de secteurs sociaux liés à l’Église catholique. La Démocratie chrétienne au pouvoir depuis 1964 passe en 1967 d’une phase réformiste à une phase plus conservatrice tandis que la scène politique chilienne se polarise. Les catholiques chiliens ne sont pas seulement attirés par le marxisme, certains maintiennent leurs positions centristes et d’autres réaffirment leurs positions intransigeantes. Les tensions se retrouvent ailleurs : après l’occupation de l’Université Catholique de Santiago du Chili (11 août 1967), le mouvement universitaire reprend de l’ampleur à partir de la rentrée (avril 1968). L’Église est elle-même touchée par ce nouveau contexte : en 1968, la conférence épiscopale latino-américaine de Medellin propose le rapprochement du clergé avec le quotidien des fidèles, c’est « l’option préférentielle pour les pauvres ». Sur le long terme, cette période porte des germes d’espoir (l’Unité populaire), mais aussi de crispation conservatrice (le coup d’État militaire puis la dictature) dont le souvenir est ambivalent à l’heure actuelle.
Quarante ans après le rapport Kerner : progrès et contrastes
Authors: Urbanowski Anne 
Published: March 2015

Faisant suite aux violentes émeutes de la seconde moitié des années soixante, le rapport de la Commission nationale sur les désordres civils, plus connu sous le nom de rapport Kerner, expose en 1968 les causes majeures qui ont conduit à ces soulèvements. Racisme et discrimination mais également pauvreté, exclusion économique et absence d’opportunités éducatives sont les facteurs qui auraient poussé au désespoir et à la violence les populations noires enfermées dans les ghettos des grands centres urbains. Au cours des quarante années qui se sont écoulées depuis 1968, quelles ont été les évolutions majeures pour la population afro-américaine dans ces domaines ? L’analyse des données en matière de pauvreté, d’éducation, d’emploi, de revenus et de patrimoine, dresse un tableau contrasté de la situation des Afro-américains aujourd’hui. Alors que certains d’entre eux ont vu enfin se réaliser les promesses de la nation américaine, promesses réitérées dans le rapport Kerner, d’autres, au contraire, encore prisonniers des ghettos des grandes villes, donnent aujourd’hui, comme en 1968, raison à l’introduction de ce même rapport selon laquelle la nation américaine était en train de se fracturer en deux sociétés « l’une blanche, l’autre noire, séparées et inégales ».
TCAIM Decreases T Cell Priming Capacity of Dendritic Cells by Inhibiting TLR-Induced Ca2+ Influx and IL-2 Production
Authors: Vogel Simone Z. , Schlickeiser Stephan , Jürchott Karsten , Akyuez Levent , Schumann Julia , Appelt Christine , Vogt Katrin , Schröder Martina , Vaeth Martin , Berberich-Siebelt Friederike , Lutz Manfred B. , Grütz Gerald , Sawitzki Birgit 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
We previously showed that the T cell activation inhibitor, mitochondrial (Tcaim) is highly expressed in grafts of tolerance-developing transplant recipients and that the encoded protein is localized within mitochondria. In this study, we show that CD11c+ dendritic cells (DCs), as main producers of TCAIM, downregulate Tcaim expression after LPS stimulation or in vivo alloantigen challenge. LPS-stimulated TCAIM-overexpressing bone marrow–derived DC (BMDCs) have a reduced capacity to induce proliferation of and cytokine expression by cocultured allogeneic T cells; this is not due to diminished upregulation of MHC or costimulatory molecules. Transcriptional profiling also revealed normal LPS-mediated upregulation of the majority of genes involved in TLR signaling. However, TCAIM BMDCs did not induce Il2 mRNA expression upon LPS stimulation in comparison with Control-BMDCs. In addition, TCAIM overexpression abolished LPS-mediated Ca2+ influx and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species formation. Addition of IL-2 to BMDC–T cell cocultures restored the priming capacity of TCAIM BMDCs for cocultured allogeneic CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, BMDCs of IL-2–deficient mice showed similarly abolished LPS-induced T cell priming as TCAIM-overexpressing wild type BMDCs. Thus, TCAIM interferes with TLR4 signaling in BMDCs and subsequently impairs their T cell priming capacity, which supports its role for tolerance induction.
IFN-γ Priming of Macrophages Represses a Part of the Inflammatory Program and Attenuates Neutrophil Recruitment
Authors: Hoeksema Marten A. , Scicluna Brendon P. , Boshuizen Marieke C. S. , van der Velden Saskia , Neele Annette E. , Van den Bossche Jan , Matlung Hanke L. , van den Berg Timo K. , Goossens Pieter , de Winther Menno P. J. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Macrophages form a heterogeneous population of immune cells, which is critical for both the initiation and resolution of inflammation. They can be skewed to a proinflammatory subtype by the Th1 cytokine IFN-γ and further activated with TLR triggers, such as LPS. In this work, we investigated the effects of IFN-γ priming on LPS-induced gene expression in primary mouse macrophages. Surprisingly, we found that IFN-γ priming represses a subset of LPS-induced genes, particularly genes involved in cellular movement and leukocyte recruitment. We found STAT1-binding motifs enriched in the promoters of these repressed genes. Furthermore, in the absence of STAT1, affected genes are derepressed. We also observed epigenetic remodeling by IFN-γ priming on enhancer or promoter sites of repressed genes, which resulted in less NF-κB p65 recruitment to these sites without effects on global NF-κB activation. Finally, the epigenetic and transcriptional changes induced by IFN-γ priming reduce neutrophil recruitment in vitro and in vivo. Our data show that IFN-γ priming changes the inflammatory repertoire of macrophages, leading to a change in neutrophil recruitment to inflammatory sites.
Variants of Korselt’s Criterion
Authors: Wright Thomas 
Published: March 2015

AbstractUnder sufficiently strong assumptions about the first term in an arithmetic progression, we prove that for any integer a, there are infinitely many n ∊ ℕ such that for each prime factor p | n, we have p−a | n−a. This can be seen as a generalization of Carmichael numbers, which are integers n such that p − 1 | n − 1 for every p | n.
Recent changes in the freshwater composition east of Greenland
Authors: de Steur L. , Pickart R. S. , Torres D. J. , Valdimarsson H. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractResults from three hydrographic surveys across the East Greenland Current between 2011 and 2013 are presented with focus on the freshwater sources. End‐member analysis using salinity, δ18O, and nutrient data shows that while meteoric water dominated the freshwater content, a significant amount of Pacific freshwater was present near Denmark Strait with a maximum in August 2013. While in 2011 and 2012 the net sea ice melt was dominated by brine, in 2013 it became close to zero. The amount of Pacific freshwater observed near Denmark Strait in 2013 is as large as the previous maximum in 1998. This, together with the decrease in meteoric water and brine, suggests a larger contribution from the Canadian Basin. We hypothesize that the increase of Pacific freshwater is the result of enhanced flux through Bering Strait and a shorter pathway of Pacific water through the interior Arctic to Fram Strait.
Simulating the impact of emissions of brominated very short lived substances on past stratospheric ozone trends
Authors: Sinnhuber Björn‐Martin , Meul Stefanie 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBromine from very short lived substances (VSLS), primarily from natural oceanic sources, contributes substantially to the stratospheric bromine loading. This source of stratospheric bromine has so far been ignored in most chemistry climate model calculations of stratospheric ozone trends. Here we present a transient simulation with the chemistry climate model EMAC for the period 1960–2005 including emissions of the five brominated VSLS CHBr3, CH2Br2, CH2BrCl, CHBrCl2, and CHBr2Cl. The emissions lead to a realistic stratospheric bromine loading of about 20 pptv for present‐day conditions. Comparison with a standard model simulation without VSLS shows large differences in modeled ozone in the extratropical lowermost stratosphere and in the troposphere. Differences in ozone maximize in the Antarctic Ozone Hole, resulting in more than 20% less ozone when VSLS are included. Even though the emissions of VSLS are assumed to be constant in time, the model simulation with VSLS included shows a much larger ozone decrease in the lowermost stratosphere during the 1979–1995 period and a faster ozone increase during 1996–2005, in better agreement with observed ozone trends than the standard simulation without VSLS emissions.
Onshore sandbar migration in the surf zone: New insights into the wave‐induced sediment transport mechanisms
Authors: Fernández‐Mora A. , Calvete D. , Falqués A. , de Swart H. E. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe present a novel process‐based morphodynamic model, which includes transport processes due to both velocity and acceleration skewness and a new formulation for intrawave motions, that successfully simulates observations of onshore sandbar migration. Results confirm findings of previous studies, in which each process was considered separately and in which sediment transport was computed from the observed water motion. However, our results indicate that accounting for the joint action of both velocity and acceleration skewnesses causes major improvement of the modeled onshore bar migration and is essential to accurately model the evolution of the entire cross‐shore bottom profile, when compared with observations. We also demonstrate that the morphodynamics in the shoaling zone are dominated by velocity skewness (bed shear stresses), while sediment transport induced by acceleration skewness (pressure gradients) controls the morphodynamics in the inner surf zone.
Contextual and sociopsychological factors in predicting habitual cleaning of water storage containers in rural Benin
Authors: Stocker Andrea , Mosler Hans‐Joachim 
Published: March 2015

AbstractRecontamination of drinking water occurring between water collection at the source and the point of consumption is a current problem in developing countries. The household drinking water storage container is one source of contamination and should therefore be cleaned regularly. First, the present study investigated contextual factors that stimulate or inhibit the development of habitual cleaning of drinking water storage containers with soap and water. Second, based on the Risk, Attitudes, Norms, Abilities, and Self‐regulation (RANAS) Model of behavior, the study aimed to determine which sociopsychological factors should be influenced by an intervention to promote habitual cleaning. In a cross‐sectional study, 905 households in rural Benin were interviewed by structured face‐to‐face interviews. A forced‐entry regression analysis was used to determine potential contextual factors related to habitual cleaning. Subsequently, a hierarchical regression was conducted with the only relevant contextual factor entered in the first step (R2 = 6.7%) and the sociopsychological factors added in the second step (R2 = 62.5%). Results showed that households using a clay container for drinking water storage had a significantly weaker habit of cleaning their water storage containers with soap and water than did households using other types of containers (β = −0.10). The most important sociopsychological predictors of habitual cleaning were commitment (β = 0.35), forgetting (β = −0.22), and self‐efficacy (β = 0.14). The combined investigation of contextual and sociopsychological factors proved beneficial in terms of developing intervention strategies. Possible interventions based on these findings are recommended.
Lowland fluvial phosphorus altered by dams
Authors: Zhou Jianjun , Zhang Man , Lin Binliang , Lu Pingyu 
Published: March 2015

AbstractDams affect ecosystems, but their physical link to the variations in fluvial fluxes and downstream ecological consequences are inadequately understood. After estimating the current effects of the Three Gorges project and other reservoirs upstream on the Yangtze River on the fluvial phosphorus (P) in the middle and lower Yangtze River, we further investigated the long‐term effects of dams on the fluvial regimes of P and P‐enriched sediment (PES). Simultaneously measured P distributions with sediment size (PDSS) from the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) proved that the areal density of particulate P (PP) bound on graded sediment can be measured using the surface area concentration of the total sediment. A PDSS relationship is obtained and the selective transport and long‐term sedimentation of P are simulated using a nonuniform suspended sediment model, which incorporates the PDSS formula. The computations revealed that a reservoir would significantly lower the downstream availability of P in the dry season and promote high pulses of P in summer when the reservoir is flushed as sedimentation accumulates. As a result, the P buffering and replenishing mechanism in the pristine ecosystem from upstream supplies and local re‐suspension are permanently eliminated when a regulating reservoir is built upstream. This change is irreversible if reservoir regulation continues. Changes could potentially aggravate the existing P‐limitation, decrease the water's ability to adjust nutrient/pollutant fluctuations, accumulate a greater surplus of carbon and nitrogen, and even exacerbate blooms in favorable conditions.
An empirical vegetation correction for soil water content quantification using cosmic ray probes
Authors: Baatz R. , Bogena H. R. , Hendricks Franssen H.‐J. , Huisman J. A. , Montzka C. , Vereecken H. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractCosmic ray probes are an emerging technology to continuously monitor soil water content at a scale significant to land surface processes. However, the application of this method is hampered by its susceptibility to the presence of aboveground biomass. Here we present a simple empirical framework to account for moderation of fast neutrons by aboveground biomass in the calibration. The method extends the N0‐calibration function and was developed using an extensive data set from a network of 10 cosmic ray probes located in the Rur catchment, Germany. The results suggest a 0.9% reduction in fast neutron intensity per 1 kg of dry aboveground biomass per m2 or per 2 kg of biomass water equivalent per m2. We successfully tested the novel vegetation correction using temporary cosmic ray probe measurements along a strong gradient in biomass due to deforestation, and using the COSMIC, and the hmf method as independent soil water content retrieval algorithms. The extended N0‐calibration function was able to explain 95% of the overall variability in fast neutron intensity.