bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A cross-shaped terahertz metamaterial absorber for brain cancer detection
Authors: Bhowmik W , Appasani B , Gorai A , Jha A K V , De B P , Samanta P K 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The article presents, for the first time, a terahertz metamaterial absorber (TMA) designed in the shape of a cross consisting of four orthogonally positioned horn-shaped patches in succession, to detect brain cancer cells. The design exhibits the property of mu-negative material, indicating magnetic resonance. The proposed TMA has achieved an impressive absorption rate of 99.43% at 2.334 THz and a high Q-factor of 47.15. The sensing capability has been investigated by altering the refractive index of the surrounding medium in the range of 1.3 to 1.48, resulting in a sensitivity of 0.502 THz/RIU. The proposed TMA exhibits complete polarization insensitivity, highlighting this as one of its advantageous features. The adequate sensing capability of the proposed TMA in differentiating normal and cancerous brain cells makes it a viable candidate for an early and efficient brain cancer detector. This research can be the foundation for future research on using THz radiation for brain cancer detection.
The n-shot classical capacity of the quantum erasure channel
Authors: Rosati Matteo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We compute the n-shot classical capacity of the quantum erasure channel, providing upper bounds and almost-matching lower bounds for it, the latter achievable via large-minimum-distance classical linear codes for any n. The protocols are in full product form, i.e. no entanglement is needed either at the encoder or decoder to attain the capacity, and they explicitly adapt to the transition between different error regimes as the erasure probability increases. Finally, we show that our upper and lower bounds on the capacity are tighter than those obtainable from the general theory of finite-size capacity via generalized divergences.
Correlation between optical phonon softening and superconducting

T

c

in YBa2Cu3Ox within d-wave Eliashberg theory
Authors: Jiang Cunyuan , Alberto Ummarino Giovanni , Baggioli Matteo , Liarokapis Efthymios , Zaccone Alessio 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We provide a mathematical description, based on d-wave Eliashberg theory, of the strong correlation between the experimentally observed softening of Raman modes associated with in-plane oxygen motions and the corresponding superconducting critical temperature

T

c

, as a function of oxygen doping x, in YBa2Cu3O
x
. The theoretical model provides a direct link between physical trends of soft optical Ag
(in-plane) oxygen modes, the level of oxygen doping x, and the superconducting

T

c

. Different regimes observed in the trend of

T

c

vs doping can be related to corresponding regimes of optical phonon softening in the Raman spectra. These results provide further evidence related to the physical origin of high-temperature superconductivity in rare-earth cuprate oxides and to the significant role of electron–phonon coupling therein.
Enhanced compressive strength of graphene strengthened copper (G/Cu) composites
Authors: Cakir Deniz , Caylan Omer R , Gurpinar Erhan , Akgul Ogulcan , Tugrul H Onat , Okay Elif , Atli Eren , Kockar Benat , Cambaz Buke Goknur 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study explores the compressive mechanical properties of copper composites reinforced with graphene. Graphene was synthesized on copper powders via plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Multilayer graphene formation has been substantiated by Raman analysis. Graphene-coated copper (G/Cu) powders were then subjected to pressing and sintering to fabricate G/Cu composites. The mechanical properties of G/Cu composites were investigated under compression from room temperature up to 400 °C in air. The results demonstrated a substantial improvement in the mechanical properties of G/Cu composites compared to monolithic copper. Specifically, the yield strength in compression of the G/Cu composite increased by 203% at room temperature and by 190% at 200 °C. At 400 °C, the yield strength enhancement exceeded 370%. Microstructural analysis suggests that the observed enhancements in G/Cu composites can be attributed to reduced porosity, smaller grain size, and inhibited dislocation motion at the increased grain boundary area (due to refined grain size) and graphene-copper interfaces.
Understanding the response of tropical overturning circulations to greenhouse gas and aerosol forcing
Authors: Kalik Vishisth , Krishnan R , Ayantika D C , Swapna P , Manmeet Singh , Sandeep N , Vellore Ramesh , Brahmananda Rao V 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
While observational records provide evidence for strengthening of the Pacific Walker circulation and the boreal winter Hadley cell over the last few decades, the underlying causes are not well understood. This study investigates the radiative effects of CO2 and anthropogenic aerosols on regional variations in the intensity of tropical meridional (Hadley-like) and zonal (Walker-like) overturning circulations, based on a suite of experiments using the IITM Earth System Model (IITM-ESM) along with supplementary analysis of observed and reanalysis datasets. Two key findings emerge from our study (i) strengthening of the Pacific Walker circulation with enhanced zonal sea surface temperature gradients and precipitation increase over the tropical Indo-Pacific, in response to global warming via ocean-atmosphere coupled feedbacks (ii) aerosol-induced intensification of regional meridional overturning circulation over the (

0
−

120

∘

E) longitudinal domain resulting from inter-hemispheric energy imbalance and southward shift of the southern hemispheric (SH) rainfall belt extending eastward from Africa across the Indian Ocean. Our results suggest that the combined radiative influence of increased CO2 and northern hemispheric (NH) anthropogenic aerosols reinforces the regional meridional overturning circulation, by enhancing convection over the SH and promoting widespread descent over the NH subtropics and mid-latitudes covering northern Africa, Mediterranean, parts of middle-East, West and South Asia. The present findings have important implications for the regional water resources, agriculture and environment.
Quantile regression for longitudinal data with values below the limit of detection and time-dependent covariates—application to modeling carbon nanotube and nanofiber exposures
Authors: Chen I-Chen , Bertke Stephen J , Dahm Matthew M 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
In studies of occupational health, longitudinal environmental exposure, and biomonitoring data are often subject to right skewing and left censoring, in which measurements fall below the limit of detection (LOD). To address right-skewed data, it is common practice to log-transform the data and model the geometric mean, assuming a log-normal distribution. However, if the transformed data do not follow a known distribution, modeling the mean of exposure may result in bias and reduce efficiency. In addition, when examining longitudinal data, it is possible that certain covariates may vary over time.

Objective
To develop predictive quantile regression models to resolve the issues of left censoring and time-dependent covariates and to quantitatively evaluate if previous and current covariates can predict current and/or future exposure levels.

Methods
To address these gaps, we suggested incorporating different substitution approaches into quantile regression and utilizing a method for selecting a working type of time dependency for covariates.

Results
In a simulation study, we demonstrated that, under different types of time-dependent covariates, the approach of multiple random value imputation outperformed the other approaches. We also applied our methods to a carbon nanotube and nanofiber exposure study. The dependent variables are the left-censored mass of elemental carbon at both the respirable and inhalable aerosol size fractions. In this study, we identified some potential time-dependent covariates with respect to worker-level determinants and job tasks.

Conclusion
Time dependency for covariates is rarely accounted for when analyzing longitudinal environmental exposure and biomonitoring data with values less than the LOD through predictive modeling. Mistreating the time-dependency as time-independency will lead to an efficiency loss of regression parameter estimation. Therefore, we addressed time-varying covariates in longitudinal exposure and biomonitoring data with left-censored measurements and illustrated an entire conditional distribution through different quantiles.
Quantum computing in bioinformatics: a systematic review mapping
Authors: Nałęcz-Charkiewicz Katarzyna , Charkiewicz Kamil , Nowak Robert M 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The field of quantum computing (QC) is expanding, with efforts being made to apply it to areas previously covered by classical algorithms and methods. Bioinformatics is one such domain that is developing in terms of QC. This article offers a broad mapping review of methods and algorithms of QC in bioinformatics, marking the first of its kind. It presents an overview of the domain and aids researchers in identifying further research directions in the early stages of this field of knowledge. The work presented here shows the current state-of-the-art solutions, focuses on general future directions, and highlights the limitations of current methods. The gathered data includes a comprehensive list of identified methods along with descriptions, classifications, and elaborations of their advantages and disadvantages. Results are presented not just in a descriptive table but also in an aggregated and visual format.
Comprehensive classification of TP53 somatic missense variants based on their impact on p53 structural stability
Authors: Tam Benjamin , Lagniton Philip Naderev P , Da Luz Mariano , Zhao Bojin , Sinha Siddharth , Lei Chon Lok , Wang San Ming 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Somatic variation is a major type of genetic variation contributing to human diseases including cancer. Of the vast quantities of somatic variants identified, the functional impact of many somatic variants, in particular the missense variants, remains unclear. Lack of the functional information prevents the translation of rich variation data into clinical applications. We previously developed a method named Ramachandran Plot–Molecular Dynamics Simulations (RP-MDS), aiming to predict the function of germline missense variants based on their effects on protein structure stability, and successfully applied to predict the deleteriousness of unclassified germline missense variants in multiple cancer genes. We hypothesized that regardless of their different genetic origins, somatic missense variants and germline missense variants could have similar effects on the stability of their affected protein structure. As such, the RP-MDS method designed for germline missense variants should also be applicable to predict the function of somatic missense variants. In the current study, we tested our hypothesis by using the somatic missense variants in TP53 as a model. Of the 397 somatic missense variants analyzed, RP-MDS predicted that 195 (49.1%) variants were deleterious as they significantly disturbed p53 structure. The results were largely validated by using a p53–p21 promoter–green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter gene assay. Our study demonstrated that deleterious somatic missense variants can be identified by referring to their effects on protein structural stability.
Advancing radiology practice and research: harnessing the potential of large language models amidst imperfections
Authors: Klang Eyal , Alper Lee , Sorin Vera , Barash Yiftach , Nadkarni Girish N , Zimlichman Eyal 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLarge language models (LLMs) are transforming the field of natural language processing (NLP). These models offer opportunities for radiologists to make a meaningful impact in their field. NLP is a part of artificial intelligence (AI) that uses computer algorithms to study and understand text data. Recent advances in NLP include the Attention mechanism and the Transformer architecture. Transformer-based LLMs, such as GPT-4 and Gemini, are trained on massive amounts of data and generate human-like text. They are ideal for analysing large text data in academic research and clinical practice in radiology. Despite their promise, LLMs have limitations, including their dependency on the diversity and quality of their training data and the potential for false outputs. Albeit these limitations, the use of LLMs in radiology holds promise and is gaining momentum. By embracing the potential of LLMs, radiologists can gain valuable insights and improve the efficiency of their work. This can ultimately lead to improved patient care.
Dose escalation and associated economic outcomes in patients with psoriasis treated with biologics: a retrospective analysis of German health claims data
Authors: Pinter Andreas , Soliman Ahmed M , Manz Karina C , Weber Valeria , Ludwig Paul , Mocek Anja , Höer Ariane , Richter Sven G , Lebwohl Mark G 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
In Germany, several biologic therapies are available for the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis, with the option of exceeding recommended dosages if standard dosing does not achieve a satisfactory treatment response.

Objectives
To examine dose escalation in patients with biologic-treated psoriasis and its implications on the costs for German statutory health insurance (SHI).

Methods
We conducted a retrospective, noninterventional cohort study using German SHI health claims data from 2016 to 2021. Adult patients initiating biologic treatment were included in drug-specific cohorts. The odds for dose escalation, defined as the exceedance of the individually received daily dose over the maintenance dose recommended by the European product information, were compared between cohorts using multivariate logistic regression. The impact of dose escalation on SHI expenditure was analysed with a generalized linear model.

Results
The relative frequency of dose escalation varied between cohorts [range 1%, &lt; 5/92 (risankizumab) to 43%, &lt; 5/7 (infliximab)]. Compared with patients treated with risankizumab, the odds for dose escalation were statistically significantly (P &lt; 0.05) higher in patients treated with all other biologic drugs except tildrakizumab. Patients with dose escalation during the maintenance phase accrued on average €6473 more in direct healthcare costs to SHI over a 1-year period compared with those without dose escalation, with statistical significance (P &lt; 0.05) after controlling for differences in covariates.

Conclusions
Compared with patients treated with other biologics, dose escalation during the maintenance phase was lowest among patients treated with risankizumab. Dose escalation was associated with higher costs and thus a higher economic burden for German SHI.
An algorithmic approach towards diagnosis of patients with hereditary reticulate pigmentary disorders: a narrative review
Authors: Mohapatra Liza , Sardana Kabir , Panda Maitreyee , Mahajan Rahul 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Hereditary reticulate pigmentary disorders include a group of genetic disorders, with netlike pigmentation as their predominant presentation. Many of these hereditary reticulate pigmentary disorders have a wide array of cutaneous presentations with overlapping features. Furthermore, some of these disorders also have systemic manifestations. The overlapping features often add confusion and cause delay in diagnosis. Based on a literature search, we propose an easy-to-follow and concise diagnostic algorithm for diagnosis. This algorithm would aid in ordering a definitive genetic test. A thorough data search was done using the PubMed database with the following keywords: (‘inherit*’ OR ‘genetic’) AND (‘reticulate AND pigment*’). Thereafter, a search for individual diseases was done using the keywords ‘Dowling–Degos disease’, ‘dyschromatosis hereditaria symmetrica’, ‘acropigmentation of Kitamura’, ‘dyschromatosis universalis hereditaria’, ‘Naegeli–Franceschetti–Jadassohn syndrome’, ‘X-linked reticulate pigmentary disorder’ and ‘dyskeratosis congenita’. The search included case reports, case series, observational studies, narrative and systematic reviews, and clinical trials. Acquired pigmentary disorders were excluded. In total, 1994 articles were retrieved. Finally, 625 articles were included for the review. The articles were narrative reviews (40), case series (23), observational studies (44) and case reports (518). An easy-to-follow clinical diagnostic algorithm was prepared based on age of onset, distribution and other parameters. This algorithm will aid in reaching a provisional diagnosis. Furthermore, this approach will help in the genetic investigations of a case of hereditary reticulate pigmentary disorder.
Treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa with adalimumab in the PIONEER I and II randomized controlled trials reduced indices of systemic inflammation, recognized risk factors for cardiovascular disease
Authors: Kearney Niamh , Chen Xin , Bi Yingtao , Hew Kinjal , Smith Kathleen M , Kirby Brian 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Systemic immune inflammation index (SII), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and monocyte/lymphocyte ratio (MLR) are biomarkers of systemic inflammation and CVD. One small study identified a lower NLR and PLR in patients treated with adalimumab (ADA).

Objectives
To assess changes in SII, NLR, PLR and MLR in a larger cohort and to evaluate their association with disease severity and treatment response.

Methods
This was a post hoc analysis of PIONEER I (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT01468207) and PIONEER II (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT01468233), two phase III randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials of ADA for HS. SII, NLR, PLR and MLR were log10-transformed and a linear mixed model was used to estimate the treatment effect.

Results
SII, NLR, PLR and MLR decreased from baseline levels with ADA treatment by week 12, when the primary response endpoint was assessed. Significant changes first appeared at week 4 and were maintained to week 36. In contrast, no significant changes were observed in placebo-treated patients. In patients re-randomized at week 12 from placebo to ADA, SII, NLR, PLR and MLR also reduced within 4 weeks. In patients re-randomized from ADA to placebo, these biomarkers returned to baseline by week 36. In addition, SII, NLR and PLR correlated with draining fistula count (r = 0.26–0.43, P &lt; 0.001). ADA nonresponders in PIONEER I had a higher SII, NLR and PLR at baseline and week 12, but this change did not achieve statistical significance when draining fistulae were adjusted for.

Conclusions
Treatment of patients with HS with ADA resulted in rapid sustained reduction in systemic inflammation, measured by the biomarkers SII, NLR, PLR and MLR, which correlate with CVD risk. SII, NLR and PLR may predict ADA response, although this may be dependent on their interaction with the number of draining fistulae.
Short steps synthesis of unsymmetrical acetylenes from tetrachloroethylene and arylboronic acids using Suzuki coupling reaction and improvement of mild dechlorinations
Authors: Suzuki Hiyono , Togo Akane , Kikuzawa Junya , Miyamoto Kazuki , Marumoto Shinsuke , Kuwabara Akiko , Kobayashi Masafumi , Matsumoto Kouichi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Short steps synthesis of unsymmetrical acetylenes from tetrachloroethylene and arylboronic acids, and the use of the metal Mg as the mild reagent for dechlorinations has been developed. Unsymmetrical acetylenes including the donor and acceptor diarylacetylenes were produced in good yields. The reaction optimization, scope and limitations, the scale-up reaction, and the evaluation of the step were studied for this paper.
The health belief model and phishing: determinants of preventative security behaviors
Authors: Du Jie , Kalafut Andrew , Schymik Gregory 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Email is frequently the attack vector of choice for hackers and is a large concern for campus IT organizations. This paper attempts to gain insight into what drives the email security behaviors of students, faculty, and staff at one midwestern public, master’s granting university. The survey relies on the health belief model as its theoretical basis and measures eight constructs including email security behavior, perceived barriers to practice, self-efficacy, cues to action, prior security experience, perceived vulnerability, perceived benefits, and perceived severity. Barriers to practice, self-efficacy, vulnerability, benefits, and prior experience variables were found to be significant determinants of self-reported email security behaviors. Additional discussion of results based on subgroups of the respondents and interaction models is included in this paper. The findings of this study may help shed light on how universities can better prepare students, faculty, and staff to handle this critical information security concern. Given the makeup of the subject population, some findings may be applicable to businesses beyond academic institutions.
Short-term symptomatic outcomes of GERD in patients with gastroparesis after gastric per oral endoscopic pyloromyotomy
Authors: Raza Syed Musa , Raza Daniyal , Neice Michelle , Kile Brittany , Andrus Victoria , Armstrong Elizabeth , Okuampa David , Deville Ashely , Dies Ross , Kawji Lena , Mubashir Maryam , Rashid Shazia , Ahsan Sidra , Bhuiyan Mohammad Alfrad Nobel , Cai Qiang 
Published: August 2024

Summary
Gastroparesis (Gp) patients often have gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Management of GERD in Gp patients is a challenge. Many studies have shown that gastric peroral endoscopic pyloromyotomy (G-POEM or POP) is moderately effective in reducing nausea and vomiting in patients with Gp. This study aims to determine whether G-POEM can improve GERD in Gp Patients. Patients who underwent G-POEM from July 2021 to October 2022 were enrolled in the study. GERD Health-Related Quality of Life (GERD HRQL) and Reflux Symptom Index (RSI) were used to assess patients’ GERD before and after G-POEM. The use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) before and after G-POEM were also documented. The Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index (GCSI) was used to assess the severity of Gp before and after G-POEM. A ‘Welch two-sample t-test’ was used to find differences in GERD HRQL (health-related quality of life) and RSI scores before and after the procedure. Pearson’s chi-square test was used to find differences for use of PPI before and after G-POEM. Twenty-three consecutive refractory Gp patients with 30% male (average age 63.2) and 70% female patients (average age 53.9) were enrolled. Of these, 14 had diabetes, 3 had a history of surgery, and 6 had idiopathic Gp. The mean follow-up was 41 days (range 7–61 days). There was a significant decrease in the mean GERD HRQL score from 16.5 to 6.5 after G POEM with a P-value &lt;0.0001 (95% level of significance) and a significant decrease in mean RSI score from 15.3 to 5.2 after G-POEM with P-value &lt;0.0001 (95% level of significance). The proportion of use of PPI before GPOEM was 0.91, and the proportion of PPI use after GPOEM was 0.43 (P = 0.0008). The mean GCSI pre- and post-GPOEM were 3.53 and 1.59, respectively. Eighteen had clinical success in Gp as defined by decreased mean GCSI score greater than 1. In this short-term outcome study, 87% of patients’ GERD HRQL scores and RSI scores decreased after G-POEM. These findings indicate that GPOEM not only effectively reduces Gp symptoms but also improves GERD symptoms leading to decreased or more effective use of PPI in these patients. To our knowledge, this is the first study to comprehensively show G-POEM significantly improves GERD. Further studies with a larger patient population and long-term outcomes are needed.