bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A three‐dimensional measurement approach for the morphology of the femoral head
Authors: Martin Charys M. , Turgeon James G. , Goela Aashish , Rice Charles L. , Wilson Timothy D. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe hip joint is one of the most frequent sites of osteoarthritis. Advances in diagnosis and clinical treatment have progressed dramatically in the last few decades; however, there are limitations associated with the lack of reliable measures for quantifying hip joint morphology. Current diagnostic measures of the hip are performed with pre‐determined measures, typically lengths and angles, on 2D radiographic planes. The current measurement techniques do not utilize the inherent 3D nature of CT and MR imaging and do not necessarily quantify the relevant clinical pathologies. A valid and reliable measurement modality that measures the surface geometry of the femoral head is necessary for early diagnosis and treatment of hip disease. The purpose of this study was to establish a method to quantify femoral head morphology using a three‐dimensional model. A novel measurement approach was applied to 45 cadaveric femurs (23 right; 22 left; nine female, 17 male) and their digitally reconstructed 3D CT models. The mean difference between the cadaveric and digital measures was −2.04 mm with 95% confidence limits (CI) of 13.67 mm and −17.75 mm, respectively. The digital measurement approach was found to have excellent intraobserver reliability (ICC = 0.99, CI 0.98–0.99) and interobserver reliability (ICC = 0.98, CI 0.93–0.99). This valid and reliable novel digital measurement approach enables quantification of the 3D surface geometry of the femoral head and is able to measure individual variations and potentially detect abnormalities. This method may be used to assist future studies to establish valid diagnostic measurements for femoral head and head–neck junction pathologies.
Acute encephalitis in children: Progress and priorities from an Australasian perspective
Authors: Britton Philip N , Dale Russell C , Booy Robert , Jones Cheryl A 
Published: June 2014

AbstractEncephalitis is a complex neurological syndrome caused by inflammation of the brain that occurs with highest incidence in children. It is challenging to diagnose and manage due to the variety of aetiologies and non‐specific clinical presentations. We discuss the recent progress in clinical case definitions; review recent, large, prospective epidemiological studies; and describe aetiologies. We emphasise infectious causes relevant to children in Australasia but also consider emerging immune‐mediated syndromes responsive to immune therapies. We identify priorities for future research in children, given the potential for climate change and international travel to influence the emergence of infectious agents in our region.
Increased incidence of juvenile‐onset systemic lupus erythematosus among children with asthma
Authors: Wei Chang‐Ching , Lin Cheng‐Li , Shen Te‐Chun , Tsai Jeng‐Dau , Chung Chi‐Jung , Li Tsai‐Chung 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundChildren with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have an especially aggressive disease course and poor outcomes. Previous studies demonstrated a possible association between SLE and allergies, but the relationship between these disorders remains unclear. This population‐based cohort study aimed to investigate the incidence and risk of juvenile‐onset SLE (JSLE) among children with asthma.MethodsFrom 2000 to 2003, 120,939 children with newly diagnosed asthma and 483,756 randomly selected non‐asthma controls were enrolled. We used a multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression model to measure and compare the incidence rate and risk of JSLE in the asthma and non‐asthma cohorts.ResultsThe overall incidence of JSLE was 2.52 times greater in the asthma cohort than that in the non‐asthma cohort [3.49 vs. 1.53 per 100,000 person‐years; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.59–3.99]. The risk of JSLE was greatest among boys [hazard ratio (HR) 3.02, 95% CI: 1.21–7.52] and children aged 6–10 yr (HR 3.50, 95% CI: 1.75–7.02). The HR of JSLE increased with greater frequency of asthma‐related medical visits from 1.22 (95% CI: 0.67–1.41) for those with ≤2 visits/yr to 5.88 (95% CI: 3.43–10.1) for subjects with >2 visits/yr (trend test p < 0.001). However, the risk of JSLE declined over time.ConclusionWe found an increased incidence of JSLE among children with asthma. The mechanism of asthma on JSLE development should be elucidated to establish innovative disease intervention programs.
Optical coherence tomography for the evaluation of asymmetric cardiac allograft vasculopathy in a child
Authors: Greenway Steven C. , Hosking Martin , Harris Kevin C. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe present an unusual case of CAV in a child with isolated disease in the LAD coronary artery. Initial progression of the disease appeared to have been halted by the use of sirolimus, but the assessment of disease in other vessels (particularly the RCA) was of particular importance in deciding whether or not to relist this patient for transplantation. Due to the known limitations of coronary angiography, we used OCT to assess for angiographically silent CAV. The normal intravascular appearance of the RCA by OCT was reassuring, and the child was not relisted for transplantation. OCT offers multiple advantages for the assessment of CAV in children.
Characterization and epidemiology of Colletotrichum acutatum sensu lato (C. chrysanthemi) causing Carthamus tinctorius anthracnose
Authors: Baroncelli R. , Sarrocco S. , Zapparata A. , Tavarini S. , Angelini L. G. , Vannacci G. 
Published: June 2014

In 2012, Colletotrichum isolates were collected from field‐grown safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) crops in central Italy from plants exhibiting typical anthracnose symptoms. Colletotrichum isolates were also collected from seed surfaces and from within seeds. The genetic variability of these isolates was assessed by a multilocus sequencing approach and compared with those from Colletotrichum chrysanthemi and Colletotrichum carthami isolates from different geographic areas and other Colletotrichum acutatum sensu lato‐related isolates. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all of the strains isolated from C. tinctorius belonged to the species described as C. chrysanthemi, whereas all of the strains belonging to C. carthami had been isolated from Calendula officinalis. Phenotypic characterization of isolates was performed by assessing growth rates at different temperatures, morphology of colonies on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and the size of conidia. All C. chrysanthemi isolates from safflower had similar growth rates at different temperatures, comparable colony morphologies when grown on PDA and conidial sizes consistent with previously described C. chrysanthemi isolates. Pathogenicity tests were performed by artificially inoculating both seeds and plants and confirmed the seedborne nature of this pathogen. When inoculated on plants, C. chrysanthemi caused the typical symptoms of anthracnose on leaves. This is the first record of this pathogen on C. tinctorius in Italy, and it presents an updated characterization of Colletotrichum isolates pathogenic to safflowers in Europe.
Predictors of length of hospital stay for patients with late‐onset depression in Japan
Authors: Matsumoto Takuya , Kobayashi Toshiyuki , Kato Satoshi 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe length of hospital stay (LOHS) for elderly patients tends to be long. We aimed to identify factors related to long hospitalization periods for elderly Japanese patients with late‐onset depression.MethodsWe retrospectively examined 133 patients with late‐onset depression. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to confirm the relationship between each clinical feature and the duration of hospital stay.ResultsThe mean LOHS was 83.9 ± 55.6 days. On the basis of univariate analysis, we found that living as a housewife, death of a close relative or friend, recurrent depression, melancholic features, and treatment with electroconvulsive therapy, tricyclic or tetracyclic antidepressants or mood stabilizer were associated with a longer LOHS. Multivariate analysis showed that treatment with tricyclic or tetracyclic antidepressants, atypical antipsychotics were associated with prolonged LOHS.ConclusionsThese results suggest that job status, changes in household circumstances and the failure of initial treatment is responsible for the long LOHS in Japan.
Segmental and suprasegmental features in speech perception inCantonese‐speaking second graders: AnERPstudy
Authors: Tong Xiuhong , McBride Catherine , Lee Chia‐Ying , Zhang Juan , Shuai Lan , Maurer Urs , Chung Kevin K. H. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractUsing a multiple‐deviant oddball paradigm, this study examined second graders' brain responses toCantonese speech. We aimed to address the question of whether a change in a consonant or lexical tone could be automatically detected by children. We measured auditory mismatch responses to place of articulation and voice onset time (VOT), reflecting segmental perception, as well asCantonese lexical tones including level tone and contour tone, reflecting suprasegmental perception. The data showed that robust mismatch negativities (MMNs) were elicited by all deviants in the time window of 300–500 ms in second graders. Moreover, relative to the standard stimuli, theVOTdeviant elicited a robust positive mismatch response, and the level tone deviant elicited a significantMMNin the time window of 150–300 ms. The findings suggest thatHongKong second graders were sensitive to neural discriminations of speech sounds both at the segmental and suprasegmental levels.
Is VIP1 important for Agrobacterium‐mediated transformation?
Authors: Shi Yong , Lee Lan‐Ying , Gelvin Stanton B. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryAgrobacterium genetically transforms plants by transferring and integrating T‐(transferred) DNA into the host genome. This process requires both Agrobacterium and host proteins. VirE2 interacting protein 1 (VIP1), an Arabidopsis bZIP protein, has been suggested to mediate transformation through interaction with and targeting of VirE2 to nuclei. We examined the susceptibility of Arabidopsis vip1 mutant and VIP1 overexpressing plants to transformation by numerous Agrobacterium strains. In no instance could we detect altered transformation susceptibility. We also used confocal microscopy to examine the subcellular localization of Venus‐tagged VirE2 or Venus‐tagged VIP1, in the presence or absence of the other untagged protein, in different plant cell systems. We found that VIP1–Venus localized in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus of Arabidopsis roots, agroinfiltrated Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplasts and tobacco BY‐2 protoplasts, regardless of whether VirE2 was co‐expressed. VirE2 localized exclusively to the cytoplasm of tobacco and Arabidopsis protoplasts, whether in the absence or presence of VIP1 overexpression. In transgenic Arabidopsis plants and agroinfiltrated N. benthamina leaves we could occasionally detect small aggregates of the Venus signal in nuclei, but these were likely to be imagining artifacts. The vast majority of VirE2 remained in the cytoplasm. We conclude that VIP1 is not important for Agrobacterium‐mediated transformation or VirE2 subcellular localization.
Scale Model on Performance Prediction in Recreational and Elite Endurance Runners
Authors: Tartaruga Marcus P. , Mota Carlos B. , Peyré-Tartaruga Leonardo A. , Brisswalter Jeanick 
Published: June 2014

Purpose:To identify the effect of allometric scaling on the relationship between running efficiency (REff) and middle-distancerunning performance according to performance level.Methods:Thirteen male recreational middle-distance runners (mean ± SD age 33.3 ± 8.4 y, body mass 76.4 ± 8.6 kg, maximal oxygen uptake [VO2max] 52.8 ± 4.6 mL · kg−1 · min−1; G1) and 13 male high-level middle-distance runners (age 25.5 ± 4.2 y, body mass 62.8 ± 2.7 kg, VO2max 70.4 ± 1.9 mL · kg−1 · min−1; G2) performed a continuous incremental test to volitional exhaustion to determine VO2max and a 6-min submaximal running test at 70% of VO2max to assess REff.Results:Significant correlation between REff and performance were found for both groups; however, the strongest correlations were observed in recreational runners, especially when using the allometric exponent (respectively for G1, nonallometric vs allometric scaling: r = .80 vs r = .86; and for G2, nonallometric vs allometric scaling: r = .55 vs r = .50).Conclusion:These results indicate that an allometric normalization may improve endurance-performance prediction from REff values in recreational, but not in elite, runners.
Monitoring the Effect of Race-Analysis Parameters on Performance in Elite Swimmers
Authors: Tor Elaine , Pease David L. , Ball Kevin A. , Hopkins Will G. 
Published: June 2014

Time trials are commonly used in the lead-up to competition. A method that evaluates the relationship between time trial and competition performance in swimming would be useful for developing performance-enhancement strategies.Purpose:To use linear mixed modeling to identify key parameters that can be used to relate time-trial and competition performance.Methods:Ten swimmers participated in the study. Each swimmer was analyzed during 3 time trials and 1 competition. Race video footage was analyzed to determine several key parameters. Pooling of strokes and distances was achieved by modeling changes in parameters between time trials and competition within each subject as linear predictors of percent change in performance using mixed modeling of log-transformed race times.Results:When parameters were evaluated as the effect of 2 SD on performance time, there were very large effects of start time (2.6%, 90% confidence interval 1.8–3.3%) and average velocity (–2.3%, –2.8% to –1.8%). There was also a small effect for stroke rate (–0.6%, –1.3% to 0.2%). Further analysis revealed an improvement in performance time of 2.4% between time trials and competition, of which 1.8% (large; 1.4–2.1%) was due to a change in average velocity and 0.9% (moderate; 0.6–1.1%) was due to a change in start time; changes in remaining parameters had trivial effects on performance.Conclusion:This study illustrates effective analytical strategies for identifying key parameters that can be the focus of training to improve performance in small squads of elite swimmers and other athletes.
Concurrent Repeated-Sprint and Resistance Training With Superimposed Vibrations in Rugby Players
Authors: Suarez-Arrones Luis , Tous-Fajardo Julio , Núñez Javier , Gonzalo-Skok Oliver , Gálvez Javier , Mendez-Villanueva Alberto 
Published: June 2014

Purpose:To examine the effect of repeated-sprint training (RST) vs combined RST and resistance training with superimposed vibrations on repeated-sprint ability (RSA) and lower-body power output in male rugby players.Methods:Players were divided into 2 training groups. One group performed RST (n = 10) 2 d/wk and the other performed RST 1 d/wk and squat resistance training with superimposed vibrations on the second day (RS+ST; n = 10). The squat training was carried out with a volume similar (ie, number of sets and repetitions) to that of the RST. The training period lasted 6 wk, and it was carried out as a supplement to the regular rugby training sessions.Results:Substantial improvements in RSA mean time (RSAmean; +2.3%/ES: 0.77 vs +4.1%/ES: 0.91), RSA percent decrement (%Dec; –25.6%/ES: 1.70 vs –23.2%/ES: 0.99), and squat absolute power output (+5.0%/ES:0.36 vs +17.2%/ES: 0.93) were obtained in RST and RS+ST, respectively. Substantial improvements in RSA best time (RSAbest; +2.6%/ES: 0.61) and squat power output normalized to body mass (+18.6%/ES: 0.76) only occurred in RS+ST. Both pretest and posttest RSAmean were largely correlated with the RSAbest. However, there were only unclear, small to moderate correlations between individual changes in squat power output and either RSAmean or RSAbest.Conclusion:Combined RST and resistance training induced improvements of greater magnitude in both repeated-sprint performance and muscle power output than the RST alone. The lack of substantial correlations between individual changes in repeated-sprint and muscle-power performance suggests that the same subjects were not systematically low or high responders to both RST and strength training.
Reliability and Stability of Performances in 400-m Swimming and 1500-m Running
Authors: Mytton Graham J. , Archer David T. , Gibson Alan St Clair , Thompson Kevin G. 
Published: June 2014

Purpose:To assess the reliability and stability of 400-m swimming and 1500-m running competitions to establish the number of samples needed to obtain a stable pacing profile. Coaches, athletes, and researchers can use these methods to ensure that sufficient data are collected before training and race strategies are constructed or research conclusions are drawn.Method:Lap times were collected from 5 world and European championship finals between 2005 and 2011, resulting in the capture of data from 40 swimmers and 55 runners. A cumulative mean for each lap was calculated, starting with the most recent data, and the number of races needed for this to stabilize to within 1% was reported. Typical error for each lap was calculated for athletes who had competed in more than 1 final.Results:International swimmers demonstrated more reproducible performances than runners in 3 of the 4 laps of the race (P < .01). Variance in runners’ lap times significantly decreased by 1.7–2.7% after lap 1, whereas variance in swimmers’ lap times tended to increase by 0.1–0.5% after lap 1. To establish a stable profile, at least ten 400-m swimmers and forty-four 1500-m runners must be included.Conclusions:A stable race profile was observed from the analysis of 5 events for 1500-m running and 3 events for 400-m swimming. Researchers and athletes can be more certain about the pacing information collected from 400-m swimming than 1500-m running races, as the swimming data are less variable, despite both events being of similar duration.
Performance of Maximum Number of Repetitions With Cluster-Set Configuration
Authors: Iglesias-Soler Eliseo , Carballeira Eduardo , Sánchez-Otero Tania , Mayo Xian , Fernández-del-Olmo Miguel 
Published: June 2014

Purpose:To analyze performance during the execution of a maximum number of repetitions (MNR) in a cluster-set configuration.Method:Nine judokas performed 2 sessions of parallel squats with a load corresponding to 4-repetition maximum (4RM) with a traditional-training (TT) and cluster-training (CT) set configuration. The TT consisted of 3 sets of repetitions leading to failure and 3 min of rest between sets. In the CT the MNR was performed with a rest interval between repetitions (45.44 ± 11.89 s). The work-to-rest ratio was similar for CT and TT.Results:MNR in CT was 45.5 ± 32 repetitions and was 9.33 ± 1.87 times the volume in TT. There was a tendency for the average mean propulsive velocity (MPV) to be higher in CT (0.39 ± 0.04 vs 0.36 ± 0.04 m/s for CT and TT, respectively, P = .054, standardized mean difference [d] = 0.57). The average MPV was higher in CT for a similar number of repetitions (0.44 ± 0.08 vs 0.36 ± 0.04 m/s for CT and TT, respectively, P = .006, d = 1.33). The number of repetitions in TT was correlated with absolute 4RM load (r = –.719, P = .031) but not in CT (r = –.273, P = .477).Conclusions:A cluster-set configuration allows for a higher number of repetitions and improved sustainability of mechanical performance. CT, unlike TT, was not affected by absolute load, suggesting an improvement of training volume with high absolute loads.
Effects of Physical, Technical, and Tactical Factors on Final Ladder Position in Semiprofessional Rugby League
Authors: Gabbett Tim J. 
Published: June 2014

Purpose:A limitation of most rugby league time–motion studies is that researchers have examined the demands of single teams, with no investigations of all teams in an entire competition. This study investigated the activity profiles and technical and tactical performances of successful and less-successful teams throughout an entire rugby league competition.Methods:In total, 185 rugby league players representing 11 teams from a semiprofessional competition participated in this study. Global positioning system analysis was completed across the entire season. Video footage from individual matches was also coded via notational analysis for technical and tactical performance of teams.Results:Trivial to small differences were found among Top 4, Middle 4, and Bottom 4 teams for absolute and relative total distances covered and distances covered at low speeds. Small, nonsignificant differences (P = .054, ES = 0.31) were found between groups for the distance covered sprinting, with Top 4 teams covering greater sprinting distances than Bottom 4 teams. Top 4 teams made more meters in attack and conceded fewer meters in defense than Bottom 4 teams. Bottom 4 teams had a greater percentage of slow play-the-balls in defense than Top 4 teams (74.8% ± 7.3% vs 67.2% ± 8.3%). Middle 4 teams showed the greatest reduction in high-speed running from the first to the second half (–20.4%), while Bottom 4 teams completed 14.3% more high-speed running in the second half than in the first half.Conclusion:These findings demonstrate that a combination of activity profiles and technical and tactical performance are associated with playing success in semiprofessional rugby league players.
Physiological and Anthropometric Progression in an International Oarsman: A 15-Year Case Study
Authors: Bourgois Jan , Steyaert Adelheid , Boone Jan 
Published: June 2014

Purpose:In this case study, a world-class rower was followed over a period of 15 y in which he evolved from junior to professional athlete.Methods:An incremental exercise test and a 2000-m ergometer test were performed each year in the peak period of the season starting at the age of 16 y. In addition, the training logs of 1 y each as a junior and a senior rower were recorded and analyzed.Results:Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), maximal power output (Pmax), and power output at 4 mmol/L blood lactate concentration increased until the age of 27 and then stabilized at 30 y at 6.0 ± 0.2 L/min, 536 ± 15 W, and 404 ± 22 W, respectively. At the age of 27–28 y the rower also had a career-best 2000-m ergometer test (5′58″) and on-water performance with a 4th place at the Olympic Games (2008) in Beijing and World Championships (2009). At the age of 23 y, the rower trained a total of 6091 km in 48 wk. Of the total training time, 15.4% consisted of general training practices, 23.4% resistance training, and 61.2% specific rowing training.Conclusion:The on-water performance in the World Championships and Olympic Games corresponded closely to the evolution in the rower’s physiological profile and 2000-m ergometer performance. The long-term build-up program resulted in an increase in the physiological parameters up to the age of 27 y and resulted in a 4th position at the 2008 Olympic Games at a body mass of only 86 kg.