bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Positive perspectives of primary care professionals towards patients in complex and challenging social situations in Japan: An educational opportunity
Authors: Mizumoto Junki , Fujikawa Hirohisa , Mitsuyama Toshichika , Izumiya Masashi , Eto Masato 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionAlthough primary care professionals often encounter difficulties when attending to patients in complex and challenging social situations (CCSS), little is known about how professionals cultivate an optimistic approach to caring for patients in CCSS. This study aims to recruit professionals who exhibit a passion for seeing patients in CCSS, to gain insights into their positive attitude.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative study in Japan of 30 primary care professionals: 15 physicians and 15 non‐physician professionals (nurses, medical social workers and medical clerks). We performed online in‐depth interviews and employed a thematic analysis utilising the framework approach to identify how the participants felt a passion for seeing patients in CCSS.ResultsTwo themes emerged about the passion: (i) the joy derived from interacting with patients and (ii) the joy derived from professional growth or development. Participants expressed curiosity about their patients, found happiness in the journey with them and established irreplaceable relationships. Concurrently, participants noted professional growth as expert generalists, and their team developed collaboration and competency through accumulating experience and learning. These two domains of joy were intricately interconnected. In addition, several factors related to developing, maintaining and spreading the positive attitude were identified.DiscussionThis study described the positive attitude of primary care professionals towards engaging with patients in CCSS. Despite the inherent challenges, these professionals demonstrated vibrancy and pleasure in their interactions with patients and their professional development. Workplace culture including team‐based support and continuous learning is important in fostering and maintaining such an attitude.
Prudential value and impersonal value
Authors: Lin Eden 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPrudential value is the kind of value that something has when it is good for someone, in the sense that is conceptually tied to welfare or well‐being. Impersonal value is the kind of value that something has when it is good simply, absolutely, or “from the point of view of the universe.” According to the Moorean position on prudential value, the concept of prudential value can be analyzed in terms of that of impersonal value and is unintelligible if it is not so analyzed. I answer some recent arguments for the Moorean position due to Kris McDaniel and Thomas Hurka, and I make a more comprehensive case than has thus far been made for rejecting that position.
Endodontic surgery and platelet concentrates: A comprehensive review
Authors: Sabeti Mohammad , Gabbay Julian , AI Armin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWhile autologous platelet concentrates (APCs) have gained traction as promising regenerative materials in recent years, their impact on wound healing and tissue regeneration in periapical hard tissue defects remains controversial. Endodontic microsurgery (EMS) has embraced the potential of platelet concentrates, particularly L‐PRF (Leucocyte‐Platelet‐Rich Fibrin) and PRP (Platelet‐Rich Plasma), as regenerative tools. These concentrates, rich in growth factors and other bioactive molecules, are thought to enhance healing and treatment outcomes for various endodontic conditions. However, their effectiveness remains a subject of investigation. Despite encouraging 3‐D cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) based evidence for PRP's effectiveness in complex lesions and apico‐marginal defects, inconsistencies in its performance across preparation and application protocols raise questions about its superiority over existing options. More research is crucial to understand its full potential as a reliable regenerative tool in endodontics. L‐PRF and its derivatives are particularly effective in treating apical‐marginal defects. It enhances clinical attachment levels and reduces probing pocket depths, likely due to its slow and coordinated release of various growth factors. L‐PRF has been shown to also improve patients' quality of life by reducing postoperative swelling and pain. However, more research is needed to standardize its preparation methods and confirm its long‐term benefits. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the current knowledge and recent advances in endodontic surgery and the use of platelet concentrates, focusing on their roles in managing periapical lesions and endo‐perio lesions.
Formation and preservation of vertebrate tracks in semi‐liquid sediments: Insights from tidal flats and laboratory experiments
Authors: Campos‐Soto Sonia , Tessier Bernadette , Mouazé Dominique , Benito M. Isabel , Quijada I. Emma , Suarez‐Gonzalez Pablo 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTDespite the valuable palaeoecological and palaeoenvironmental information provided by vertebrate tracks, those made in semi‐liquid sediments have been largely overlooked because they are assumed to be preserved as a mass of disrupted sediment and to have a low preservation potential. Nevertheless, understanding their mechanisms of formation, infilling and preservation is crucial since they could be more abundant in the fossil record than expected or be misinterpreted as other soft‐sediment deformation structures. To solve these aspects, this study analyses consecutive cross‐sections performed along a human track made by a shod foot in semi‐liquid sediments in the upper intertidal flats of the Bay of Mont‐Saint‐Michel (north‐west France) and monitored until its complete burial. These were compared with cross‐sections of tracks made in a flume tank. Cross‐sections reveal that the sediment structures associated with these tracks reflect the mechanism of their formation and infilling, and even the footstep dynamics. These structures comprise: (i) marginal rims that developed at both sides of tracks during foot penetration; (ii) upward deformation structures produced during foot withdrawal; (iii) a syn‐track infilling, which almost entirely fills the tracks during the withdrawal, formed by sediment collapsed from the track walls or by liquefied sediment; (iv) a post‐track infilling that fills the tracks completely during their subsequent flooding. This work demonstrates that these tracks have a high preservation potential in tidal settings, especially if they are made after the peak of a spring tide period, and undergo desiccation and consolidation during neap tides, which prevents their erosion and favours their burial by sediment. The identification of the above‐mentioned structures in fossil counterparts provides useful palaeoenvironmental information, because they allow discriminating these tracks from those made in sediments with less water content and from other soft‐sediment deformation structures (i.e. convolute bedding and balls‐and pillows) with which they share strong resemblances.
Wheat domestication alters root metabolic functions to drive the assembly of endophytic bacteria
Authors: Deng Lixin , Zhang Ali , Wang Anze , Zhang Hao , Wang Tingting , Song Weining , Yue Hong 
Published: August 2024

SUMMARYThe domestication process progressively differentiated wild relatives from modern cultivars, thus impacting plant‐associated microorganisms. Endophytic bacterial communities play vital roles in plant growth, development, and health, which contribute to the crop's sustainable development. However, how plant domestication impacts endophytic bacterial communities and relevant root exudates in wheat remains unclear. First, we have observed that the domestication process increased the root endophytic microbial community diversity of wheat while decreasing functional diversity. Second, domestication decreased the endophytic bacterial co‐occurrence network stability, and it did significantly alter the abundances of core microorganisms or potential probiotics. Third, untargeted LC–MS metabolomics revealed that domestication significantly altered the metabolite profiles, and the abundances of various root exudates released were significantly correlated with keystone taxa including the Chryseobacterium, Massilia, and Lechevalieria. Moreover, we found that root exudates, especially L‐tyrosine promote the growth of plant‐beneficial bacteria, such as Chryseobacterium. Additionally, with L‐tyrosine and Chryseobacterium colonized in the roots, the growth of wild wheat's roots was significantly promoted, while no notable effect could be found in the domesticated cultivars. Overall, this study suggested that wild wheat as a key germplasm material, and its native endophytic microbes may serve as a resource for engineering crop microbiomes to improve the morphological and physiological traits of crops in widely distributed poor soils.
Bacteriophage therapy reduces
Staphylococcus aureus
in a porcine and human
ex vivo
burn wound infection model
Authors: Molendijk Michèle M. , Boekema Bouke K. H. L. , Lattwein Kirby R. , Vlig Marcel , Bode Lonneke G. M. , Koopmans Marion P. G. , Verbon Annelies , de Graaf Miranda , van Wamel Willem J. B. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Burn wounds are a major burden, with high mortality rates due to infections.
Staphylococcus aureus
is a major causative agent of burn wound infections, which can be difficult to treat because of antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation. An alternative to antibiotics is the use of bacteriophages, viruses that infect and kill bacteria. We investigated the efficacy of bacteriophage therapy for burn wound infections, in both a porcine and a newly developed human
ex vivo
skin model. In both models, the efficacy of a reference antibiotic treatment (fusidic acid) and bacteriophage treatment was determined for a single treatment, successive treatment, and prophylaxis. Both models showed a reduction in bacterial load after a single bacteriophage treatment. Increasing the frequency of bacteriophage treatments increased bacteriophage efficacy in the human
ex vivo
skin model, but not in the porcine model. In both models, prophylaxis with bacteriophages increased treatment efficacy. In all cases, bacteriophage treatment outperformed fusidic acid treatment. Both models allowed investigation of bacteriophage-bacteria dynamics in burn wounds. Overall, bacteriophage treatment outperformed antibiotic control underlining the potential of bacteriophage therapy for the treatment of burn wound infections, especially when used prophylactically.
Improved detection of mycobacteria in CF and tissue samples grown in mycobacteria growth indicator tube incubated at 30°C compared to conventional growth conditions of liquid and solid media
Authors: Kehrmann J. , Stumpf A. L. , Dragaqina A. , Buer J. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

This study evaluates the growth of mycobacteria in samples from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and tissue samples using the mycobacteria growth indicator tube (MGIT) incubated at 30°C in comparison to conventional MGIT cultures incubated at 37°C in a BACTEC MGIT 960 device and solid media incubated at 36°C and 30°C. A total of 1,549 samples were analyzed, of which 202 mycobacterial isolates were cultured from 197 positive specimens, including five mixed cultures. The highest detection rate was achieved from MGIT at 30°C, with 84.2% of mycobacterial isolates (170 of 202), which was significantly higher than any other culture condition (
P
< 0.0001 for any condition). MGIT at 37°C yielded 61.4% (124 of 202) of the recovered isolates, whereas Löwenstein Jensen (LJ) and Stonebrink at 36°C, and LJ and Stonebrink at 30°C retrieved 47.0% (95), 49.5% (100), 50.0% (101), and 53.0% (107) of the isolates, respectively. Of the 53 isolates that were grown exclusively under one culture condition, the highest number of isolates (36) was recovered from MGIT incubated at 30°C. MGIT at 37°C recovered eight of the 53 isolates, whereas LJ incubated at 30°C and Stonebrink incubated at 30°C and 36°C recovered five, three, and one isolate, respectively. No isolates were grown exclusively from LJ incubated at 36°C. In CF patients and tissue samples, MGIT cultivated at 30°C for 8 weeks increases the performance of mycobacterial culture.

IMPORTANCE

Our study shows that the addition of mycobacteria growth indicator tube (MGIT) liquid culture incubated at 30°C improves the detection of mycobacteria from CF and tissue samples. MGIT incubated at 30°C recovered significantly more mycobacterial isolates than MGIT incubated at 37°C and significantly more isolates than either Lowenstein Jensen or Stonebrink solid media incubated at either 36°C or 30°C. Of 202 mycobacterial isolates recovered from 1,549 specimens, 170 were recovered from MGIT incubated at 30°C, followed by MGIT incubated at 37°C with 124 isolates and solid media culture conditions that recovered between 95 and 107 mycobacterial isolates. All conventional culture conditions combined without MGIT incubated at 30°C recovered 166 isolates. MGIT incubated at 30°C recovered the highest number of isolates detected exclusively by a single culture condition and recovered mycobacterial isolates of highly relevant mycobacterial species, including
Mycobacterium abscessus
and
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
.
Analysis of the effect of HDAC inhibitors on the formation of the HIV reservoir
Authors: Ling Lijun , Kim Manse , Soper Andrew , Kovarova Martina , Spagnuolo Rae Ann , Begum Nurjahan , Kirchherr Jennifer , Archin Nancie , Battaglia Diana , Cleveland Dave , Wahl Angela , Margolis David M. , Browne Edward P. , Garcia J. Victor 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

The HIV reservoir is more dynamic than previously thought with around 70% of the latent reservoir originating from viruses circulating within 1 year of the initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART). In an
ex vivo
model system of HIV latency, it was reported that early exposure to class I histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors might prevent these more recently infected cells from entering a state of stable viral latency. This finding raises the possibility that co-administration of HDAC inhibitors at the time of ART initiation may prevent the establishment of much of the HIV reservoir. Here, we tested the effects of the HDAC inhibitors suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and panobinostat co-administered at the time of ART initiation on the formation of the viral reservoir in HIV-infected humanized mice. As previously shown, SAHA and panobinostat were well tolerated in humanized mice. Unexpectedly, co-administration of SAHA resulted in an increase in the frequency of CD4
+
cells carrying HIV DNA but did not alter the frequency of cell-associated HIV RNA in HIV-infected, ART-treated humanized mice. Co-administration of panobinostat did not alter levels of cell-associated HIV DNA or RNA. Our
in vivo
findings indicate that co-administration of HDAC inhibitors initiated at the same time of ART treatment does not prevent recently infected cells from entering latency.

IMPORTANCE

Current antiretroviral therapy (ART) does not eradicate cells harboring replication-competent HIV reservoir. Withdrawal of ART inevitably results in a rapid viremia rebound. The HIV reservoir is more dynamic than previously thought. Early exposure to class I histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors inhibit these more recently infected cells from entering a state of stable viral latency in an
ex vivo
model of latency, raising the possibility that co-administration of HDAC inhibitors at the time of ART initiation may reduce much of the HIV reservoir. Here, we tested the effects of the HDAC inhibitors suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid or panobinostat during ART initiation on the formation of the viral reservoir in HIV-infected humanized mice. Our
in vivo
study indicates that in contrast to
in vitro
observations, the co-administration of HDAC inhibitors at the same time of ART initiation does not prevent recently infected cells from entering latency.
Impact of duration of dual anti-platelet therapy on risk of complications after stent-assisted coiling of unruptured aneurysms
Authors: Ringer Andrew J , Hanel Ricardo A , Baig Ammad A , Siddiqui Adnan H , Lopes Demetrius Klee , Barros Guilherme , Bass David I , Levitt Michael R , Young Christopher C , Naylor Ryan M , Lanzino Giuseppe , Crowley R Webster , Serrone Joseph C , Kan Peter T , Binning Mandy J , Veznedaroglu Erol , Boulos Alan , Tawk Rabih 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundThe optimal duration for dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after stent-assisted coiling (SAC) of intracranial aneurysms is unclear. Longer-term therapy may reduce thrombotic complications but increase the risk of bleeding complications.MethodsA retrospective review of prospectively maintained data at 12 institutions was conducted on patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms who underwent SAC between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2020, and were followed ≥6 months postprocedure. The type and duration of DAPT, stent(s) used, outcome, length of follow-up, complication rates, and incidence of significant in-stent stenosis (ISS) were collected.ResultsOf 556 patients reviewed, 450 met all inclusion criteria. Nine patients treated with DAPT <29 days after SAC and 11 treated for 43–89 days were excluded from the final analysis as none completed their prescribed duration of treatment. Eighty patients received short-term DAPT. There were no significant differences in the rate of thrombotic complications during predefined periods of risk in the short, medium, or long-term treatment groups (1/80, 1.3%; 2/188, 1.1%; and 0/162, 0%, respectively). Similarly, no differences were found in the rate of hemorrhagic complications during period of risk in any group (0/80, 0%; 3/188, 1.6%; and 1/162, 0.6%, respectively). Longer duration DAPT did not reduce ISS risk in any group.ConclusionsContinuing DAPT >42 days after SAC did not reduce the risk of thrombotic complications or in-stent stenosis, although the risk of additional hemorrhagic complications remained low. It may be reasonable to discontinue DAPT after 42 days following non-flow diverting SAC of unruptured intracranial aneurysms.
The Predictive Value of the EULAR-Defined Clinically Suspected Arthralgia for the Development of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Prospective Longitudinal Study
Authors: Tam Cheuk Yin , Chan Pak Ho , Cheng Minerva Yuk Yee , Lau Adrian Ka Chun , Tam Kwan Kin , Cheng Tsz Ho , So Ho 
Published: August 2024

Objective: To assess the predictive accuracy of the EULAR definition of clinically suspected arthralgia (CSA) for progression to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in patients presenting with arthralgia without arthritis. Methods: This prospective study recruited 100 patients with arthralgia but no clinical arthritis. Patients were evaluated at baseline and followed up every 6 months for 2 years. The association of the presence of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] out of seven CSA parameters at baseline with RA development was investigated. The association of individual CSA parameters with RA development was also evaluated. Results: Twenty-one of 100 patients (21%) developed RA. The proportion of patients meeting [Formula: see text] CSA criteria was higher in those who developed RA (66.7%) compared to those who did not (39.2%, [Formula: see text]). Similarly, a higher proportion of patients who developed RA met [Formula: see text] CSA criteria (47.6%) compared to those who did not (20.3%, [Formula: see text]). The sensitivity and specificity of [Formula: see text] CSA parameters were 71.4% and 69.6%, and for [Formula: see text] CSA parameters were 42.9% and 87.3%, respectively. “Symptom duration [Formula: see text] year” and “difficulty holding a fist” were significantly associated with RA development. A simplified criteria using these two items provided a similar area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (0.747 vs. 0.676) compared to the original criteria. Conclusion: Meeting EULAR CSA criteria was significantly associated with progression to RA in patients with arthralgia. Symptom duration [Formula: see text] year and difficulty holding a fist were the most predictive individual parameters. Continuous monitoring using the CSA criteria, and probably a simplified version, could help identify high-risk individuals for RA development.
YAP1 Inhibition Induces Phenotype Switching of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts to Tumor Suppressive in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Song Hongtao , Lu Tong , Han Donghui , Zhang Jiayu , Gan Lunbiao , Xu Chao , Liu Shaojie , Li Peng , Zhang Keying , Hu Zhihao , Li Hongji , Li Yu , Zhao Xiaolong , Zhang Jingliang , Xing Nianzeng , Shi Changhong , Wen Weihong , Yang Fa , Qin Weijun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Prostate cancer rarely responds to immune-checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) are critical components of the immunologically “cold” tumor microenvironment and are considered a promising target to enhance the immunotherapy response. In this study, we aimed to reveal the mechanisms regulating CAF plasticity to identify potential strategies to switch CAFs from protumorigenic to antitumor phenotypes and to enhance ICB efficacy in prostate cancer. Integration of four prostate cancer single-cell RNA sequencing datasets defined protumorigenic and antitumor CAFs, and RNA-seq, flow cytometry, and a prostate cancer organoid model demonstrated the functions of two CAF subtypes. Extracellular matrix–associated CAFs (ECM-CAF) promoted collagen deposition and cancer cell progression, and lymphocyte-associated CAFs (Lym-CAF) exhibited an antitumor phenotype and induced the infiltration and activation of CD8+ T cells. YAP1 activity regulated the ECM-CAF phenotype, and YAP1 silencing promoted switching to Lym-CAFs. NF-κB p65 was the core transcription factor in the Lym-CAF subset, and YAP1 inhibited nuclear translocation of p65. Selective depletion of YAP1 in ECM-CAFs in vivo promoted CD8+ T-cell infiltration and activation and enhanced the therapeutic effects of anti-PD-1 treatment on prostate cancer. Overall, this study revealed a mechanism regulating CAF identity in prostate cancer and highlighted a therapeutic strategy for altering the CAF subtype to suppress tumor growth and increase sensitivity to ICB.
Significance: YAP1 regulates cancer-associated fibroblast phenotypes and can be targeted to switch cancer-associated fibroblasts from a protumorigenic subtype that promotes extracellular matrix deposition to a tumor-suppressive subtype that stimulates antitumor immunity and immunotherapy efficacy.
EHMT1/2 Inhibition Promotes Regression of Therapy-Resistant Ovarian Cancer Tumors in a CD8 T-cell–Dependent Manner
Authors: Nguyen Lily L. , Watson Zachary L. , Ortega Raquel , Woodruff Elizabeth R. , Jordan Kimberly R. , Iwanaga Ritsuko , Yamamoto Tomomi M. , Bailey Courtney A. , To Francis , Lin Shujian , Villagomez Fabian R. , Jeong Abigail D. , Guntupalli Saketh R. , Behbakht Kian , Gibaja Veronica , Arnoult Nausica , Chuong Edward B. , Bitler Benjamin G. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Poly ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) are first-line maintenance therapy for ovarian cancer and an alternative therapy for several other cancer types. However, PARPi-resistance is rising, and there is currently an unmet need to combat PARPi-resistant tumors. Here, we created an immunocompetent, PARPi-resistant mouse model to test the efficacy of combinatory PARPi and euchromatic histone methyltransferase 1/2 inhibitor (EHMTi) in the treatment of PARPi-resistant ovarian cancer. We discovered that inhibition of EHMT1/2 resensitizes cells to PARPi. Markedly, we show that single EHMTi and combinatory EHMTi/PARPi significantly reduced PARPi-resistant tumor burden and that this reduction is partially dependent on CD8 T cells. Altogether, our results show a low-toxicity drug that effectively treats PARPi-resistant ovarian cancer in an immune-dependent manner, supporting its entry into clinical development and potential incorporation of immunotherapy.
Implications: Targeting the epigenome of therapy-resistant ovarian cancer induces an antitumor response mediated in part through an antitumor immune response.