bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Slowing Trade: Global Activism Against Trade Liberalization
Authors: Pianta Mario 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe impact of global activism against trade liberalization is examined in this article through an analysis of the initiatives of cross border civil society networks and with particular attention to the failed 2003 World Trade Organization (WTO) ministerial conference in Cancun. Key aspects considered here include the internal dynamics of mobilization – which was characterized by a strong framing and widespread protest – and the political opportunities in WTO negotiations, which were marked by divisions within the North and resistance by a large group of Southern governments. In the failure of the WTO Millennium Round in Cancun and the loss of momentum of its liberalization agenda, a significant role has been played by civil society activism and its ability to combine protest, well‐prepared lobbying, an epistemic‐like community able to influence public opinion, and the development of alliances with like‐minded governments of the South.
Role of endovenous laser therapy in large and very large diameter great saphenous veins
Authors: Florescu Cosmin , Curry Greg , Buckenham Timothy 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe literature suggests that endovenous laser is less efficacious in great saphenous veins (GSVs) with a diameter of greater than 1 cm. This paper describes the efficacy of endovenous laser therapy (EVLT) in ablating GSV with a diameter greater than 1.0 cm.MethodsRetrospective review of consecutive patients undergoing GSV EVLT between 15 November 2012 and 25 July 2013 was performed. GSV with a maximum diameter of ≥1.0 cm were defined as large, those with a maximum diameter of ≥2.0 cm were defined as very large.ResultsA total of 38 ablations were reviewed; two patients had bilateral GSV vein ablations. All underwent a 6‐week post‐procedural duplex. There were 20 ablations on veins >1 cm and 4 ablations on veins ≥2.0 cm. Median GSV length was 21.5 cm (16.5 cm for <1 cm, 24.5 cm for 1–2 cm and 24.5 cm for >2 cm). When correcting for length of vein treated, the energy deposited was stable for all patients at 80 J/cm. Tumescent volumes per centimetre were 3.7 mL/cm for veins <1.0 cm and 4.6 mL/cm for veins >1.0 cm. Successful ablation was achieved in 100% of veins independent of size.ConclusionAblation rates for large and very large GSVs in our series do not differ from the cohort of patients with GSV < 1.0 cm and from published results for GSVs < 1.0 cm. This supports the use of EVLT for venous insufficiency in the larger diameter GSV typically found in patients on public hospital waiting lists.
Is there an alternative to centralization for pancreatic resection in New Zealand?
Authors: Hore Todd , Thomas Megan , Brown Lisa , Sakowska Magdalena , Connor Saxon 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundInternationally pancreatic surgery has become increasingly centralized; however, geographical and population distribution within New Zealand (NZ) limits the practicalities of such an approach. The aim of this study was to review the short‐term outcomes of patients undergoing pancreatic surgery by a single hepato‐pancreato‐biliary trained surgeon in a centre that would meet the minimum criteria set by the NZ National Standards but not necessarily the definition of a high‐volume surgeon/centre.MethodsA retrospective review of consecutive patients undergoing pancreatic resection within an enhanced recovery programme by a single surgeon between March 2005 and April 2013. Primary outcomes were 30‐day morbidity and 90‐day mortality.ResultsA total of 156 patients who underwent a pancreatic resection were included. Eighty‐two (53%) patients underwent a pancreaticoduodenectomy. Forty‐seven (30%) underwent a left pancreatectomy. Overall, 30‐day morbidity was 64% and overall 90‐day mortality was 2.6%. Overall median length of stay was 11 (3–140) days.ConclusionsAcceptable outcomes have been achieved for patients undergoing pancreatic resection within a centre that meets the criteria proposed by the NZ National Standards for treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Review finds insufficient evidence to support the routine use of heated, humidified high‐flow nasal cannula use in neonates
Authors: Shetty S , Greenough A 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA literature review was carried out following concerns about the use of heated, humidified, high‐flow nasal cannulae (HHFNC) in premature infants. Randomised trials following extubation showed that HHFNC was associated with similar or greater reintubation rates than nasal continuous positive airway pressure, but significantly better nasal trauma scores. Infections with Ralstonia bacteria were an issue.ConclusionThere is insufficient evidence to support the routine use of HHFNC for premature infants and further research is required.
787. STROBILANTHES NUTANS
Authors: Wood John R. I. , Adhikari Bhaskar 
Published: May 2014

SummaryThe history of the discovery and naming of Strobilanthes nutans (Nees) T. Anderson is provided. It is described and illustrated. Some of the problems in trying to subdivide the genus Strobilanthes are discussed in the context of highlighting the distinctive features of S. nutans including the distinctive cone‐like inflorescence, the white flowers and the subglobose incurved anthers. The introduction and cultivation of S. nutans as well as the possibilities of the introduction of other hardy species of Strobilanthes are discussed.
784. SALVIA × WESTERAE
Authors: Wood John R. I. 
Published: May 2014

SummarySalvia × westerae is described and illustrated, its floral characteristics being contrasted with those of its parents. The characteristics and distribution of the parent species, Salvia haenkei and S. orbignaei, are discussed and short biographies of their eponymous discoverers, Haenke and D'Orbigny are provided. Pollination syndromes in American Salvia are briefly discussed and the rare occurrence of natural hybrids in the Americas is noted.
DRG Benchmarking: Analysis of service structures and ‐differences in dermatology departments
Authors: Fürstenberg Torsten , Gierling Patrick , Irps Sebastian , Gollnick Harald , Kaufmann Roland , Stadler Rudolf , Rompel Rainer , Hensen Peter 
Published: May 2014

SummaryBackgroundIn the context of DRG‐based hospital funding, the analysis of services provided in dermatologic inpatient care is highly relevant. We analyzed and compared clinical service structures and varieties in dermatologic hospitals through a benchmarking technique.MethodsFor this multicenter cross‐sectional study, routine data from 46 German dermatologic clinics and departments were collected, processed, and analyzed. In total, 95 257 data sets from 2011 were available. The data were grouped according to the G‐DRG‐system 2013 version.ResultsThe average length of stay for all cases was 6.3 days (DRG “inliers”: 5.7 days), and average patient age was 52 years. In total, 55 % of all cases were grouped to medical, 45 % to surgical DRGs. 71 % of all hospitals provide services within or close to this average value (± 10 %). No association was found between the number of hospital beds and the variety of clinical services provided in our sample. We found huge varieties in several parameters assessing the coding quality.ConclusionsThe results reflect the heterogeneous reality in German inpatient dermatology. The varieties in dermatologic service range still depend on patient‐related factors as well as infrastructural conditions and the resources available at each site.
Maternal Food Restriction During Lactation Affects Body Weight and Sexual Behavior of Male Offspring in Meadow Voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus)
Authors: Sabau Ramona M. , Ferkin Michael H. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractLittle is known about the occurrence of individual variation in sexual behavior and how maternal nutrition can affect this variation. We tested the hypothesis that male offspring of female meadow voles,Microtus pennsylvanicus, that were 30% food restricted (FR) during days 1–7 of lactation (FR1–7), days 8–14 of lactation (FR8–14), or late days 15–21 of lactation (FR15–21) lactation show persistent, negative effects on their sexual behavior as adults relative to male offspring of females that were not food restricted. We measured three components of sexual behavior, attractivity, proceptivity, and receptivity, beginning when the males were 98 d of age. Food restriction during middle lactation (FR8–14) but not during early (FR1–7) and late lactation (FR15–21) was sufficient to induce adult male voles to produce anogenital marks that were not as attractive as those produced by control males. Food restriction during lactation did not affect the proceptive behavior of male voles but did affect their receptivity. Only four of 12FR8–14 male voles mated compared to nine of 12FR1–7 males, eight of 12FR15–21 males, and eight of 11 control males. However, no differences existed in their copulatory behavior among the males that did mate. The body weight ofFR1–7 andFR8–14 males was lower than that ofFR15–21 and control males when they were between 22 d of age (weaning) and 48 d of age (puberty) but was similar when the males were 98 d of age. Food intake was similar for theFRand control males between day 22 and day 98. It remains unclear, however, whether this type of maternal effect represents strategic programing of offspring behavior in response to the environment experienced by mothers or is a product of developmental processes of food restriction prior to weaning (Evolution58, 2004, 2574).
Adalimumab for the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis: subanalysis of effects on scalp and nails in the BELIEVE study
Authors: Thaçi D. , Unnebrink K. , Sundaram M. , Sood S. , Yamaguchi Y. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackground/ObjectiveThis post hoc analysis examined the effects of adalimumab in patients with scalp and/or nail psoriasis from BELIEVE (a randomized, controlled, multicentre phase 3 safety and efficacy trial).MethodsEfficacy was assessed in the pooled treatment group (adalimumab with or without calcipotriol plus betamethasone dipropionate) by Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (75% improvement; PASI 75), Psoriasis Scalp Severity Index (PSSI), Nail Psoriasis Severity Index (NAPSI), Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and a visual analog scale (VAS) for pain.ResultsOf the 730 enrolled patients, 663 (91.3%), 457 (63.1%) and 433 (60.1%) had psoriasis of the scalp, nails, or both, respectively. Similar proportions of patients with (68.2%) and without (63.5%) scalp involvement achieved a PASI 75 response at week 16 [adjusted odds ratio (OR), 1.34; P = 0.320]. PASI 75 response rates were lower in patients with nail psoriasis compared with patients without nail psoriasis at week 8 (53.0% vs. 62.9%; OR, 0.68; P = 0.019) and week 16 (65.0% vs. 73.0%; OR, 0.70; P = 0.052). PASI 75 response rates were 66.1% in patients with scalp and nail involvement and 70.8% in patients without both scalp and nail involvement at week 16 (OR, 0.87; P = 0.423). Patients in all scalp and nail subgroups reported improvements in DLQI and VAS pain scores throughout the study. Patients with scalp psoriasis exhibited large improvements in scalp symptoms demonstrated by a median (mean ± SD) decrease from baseline PSSI at week 16 of 100% (77.2 ± 96.9%). Patients with nail psoriasis improved, demonstrated by a median (mean ± SD) decrease from baseline NAPSI at week 16 of 39.5% (9.4 ± 164.5%).ConclusionOur results indicate that adalimumab improves overall psoriasis and scalp and nail symptoms in this patient population with scalp psoriasis and/or nail involvement. In addition, similar PASI 75 response rates are achieved in patients with and without scalp involvement, whereas patients with nail involvement demonstrate a moderate (perhaps delayed) PASI 75 response rate.
Cervical curvature variations in patients with infraocclusion
Authors: Ando E. , Shigeta Y. , Hirabayashi R. , Ikawa T. , Hirai S. , Katsumura S. , Ogawa T. 
Published: May 2014

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to observe the variations of cervical curvature in patients with infraocclusion, and to compare this with the controls. In this study, the infraocclusion criteria were defined with the Pr‐id as <17 mm on the cephalometric image. The subjects were 32 patients with infraocclusion, and 28 controls which matched the distribution for gender and age. The six points of inquiry were as follows: (i) cervical vertebra height, (ii) neck alignment, (iii) ratio of lower facial height, (iv) vertical dimension of occlusion, (v) cervical angle and (vi) occlusal angle. In over 90% of the patients with infraocclusion, the cervical curvature was classified as straight or kyphosis. Conversely, in 36% of the control subjects, the cervical curvature was classified as Lordosis. There was a weak positive correlation between the vertical dimension of occlusion and the cervical curvature in all subjects. In the control group, there was a significant and strong positive correlation between the age and cervical curvature, and a strong negative correlation between age and cervical angle and occlusal angle. Conversely, in the patients with infraocclusion, age was only correlated with the ratio of lower facial height. The prevalence of non‐lordosis in the patients with infraocclusion was higher in comparison with the control group in our study, and the previous large‐scale study of Japanese. However, there was merely a weak positive correlation between the cervical curvature and the vertical dimension of occlusion.
Plant and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) communities – which drives which?
Authors: Zobel Martin , Öpik Maarja 
Published: May 2014

AbstractMore than a decade ago, the Driver (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal partners drive plant communities) and Passenger (AMF community dynamics follows changes in the host plant community) hypotheses were suggested to explain the mutual relationships of plant and AMF communities. We propose one more hypothesis: the Habitat hypothesis, which postulates that both plant and AMF communities follow changes in abiotic conditions. The null hypothesis for all three working hypotheses can be called the Independence hypothesis, which proposes that plant and AMF communities are unrelated. We investigate the assumptions of these hypotheses and the available evidence in support of them. We suggest that community dynamics during secondary succession, including those related to land‐use changes, may be explained by the Driver hypothesis, while the dynamics of plant and AMF communities during primary succession may be explained by the Passenger hypothesis. Within‐region co‐variation of successionally stable plant and AMF communities may be explained by the Habitat hypothesis, while the Independence hypothesis may explain global patterns of plant and AMF communities. These suggestions are tentative, and more evidence from both descriptive and experimental studies is required to assess them. In particular, comparative information is needed about dispersal limitation of plant and AMF communities in dynamic landscapes.
Reduced hepatic lipid content in Pten‐haplodeficient mice because of enhanced AKT2/PKBβ activation in skeletal muscle
Authors: Schultze Simon M. , Dietrich Maren , Hynx Debby , Geier Andreas , Niessen Markus , Spinas Giatgen A. , Hemmings Brian A. , Tschopp Oliver 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackground & AimsNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major health problem and occurs frequently in the context of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Hepatocyte‐specific Pten‐deficiency in mice was shown previously to result in hepatic steatosis due to hyperactivated AKT2. However, the role of peripheral insulin‐sensitive tissues on PTEN‐ and AKT2‐dependent accumulation of hepatic lipids has not been addressed.MethodsEffects of systemically perturbed PTEN/AKT2 signalling on hepatic lipid content were studied in Pten‐haplodeficient (Pten+/−/Akt2+/+) mice and Pten‐haplodeficient mice lacking Akt2 (Pten+/−/Akt2−/−). The liver and skeletal muscle were characterized by histology and/or analysis of insulin signalling. To assess the effects of AKT2 activity in skeletal muscle on hepatic lipid content, AKT2 mutants were expressed in skeletal muscle of Pten+/+/Akt2+/+ and Pten+/−/Akt2+/+ mice using adeno‐associated virus 8.ResultsPten+/−/Akt2+/+ mice were found to have a more than 2‐fold reduction in hepatic lipid content, at a level similar to that observed in Pten+/−/Akt2−/− mice. Insulin signalling in the livers of Pten+/−/Akt2+/+ mice was enhanced, indicating that extrahepatic factors prevent lipid accumulation. The skeletal muscle of Pten+/−/Akt2+/+ mice also showed enhanced insulin signalling. Skeletal muscle‐specific expression of constitutively active AKT2 reduced hepatic lipid content in Pten+/+/Akt2+/+ mice, and dominant negative AKT2 led to an increase in accumulation of hepatic lipids in both Pten+/+/Akt2+/+ and Pten+/−/Akt2+/+ mice.ConclusionOur results demonstrate that AKT2 activity in skeletal muscle critically affects lipid accumulation in the livers of Pten+/+/Akt2+/+ and Pten+/−/Akt2+/+ mice, and emphasize the role of skeletal muscle in the pathology of NAFLD.
Effects of mammal host diversity and density on the infection level of Trypanosoma cruzi in sylvatic kissing bugs
Authors: ODA E. , SOLARI A. , BOTTO‐MAHAN C. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractSeveral reports have described host species diversity and identity as the most important factors influencing disease risk, producing either dilution or amplification of the pathogen in a host community. Triatomine vectors, mammals and the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi (Trypanosomatida: Trypanosomatidae) Chagas are involved in the wild cycle of Chagas disease, in which infection of mammals occurs by contamination of mucous membranes or skin abrasions with insect‐infected faeces. We examined the extent to which host diversity and identity determine the infection level observed in vector populations (i.e. disease risk in humans). We recorded infection in triatomine colonies and on the coexisting host mammalian species in semi‐arid Chile. Host diversity, and total and infected host species densities are used as predictor variables for disease risk. Disease risk did not correlate with host diversity changes. However, the densities of each infected rodent species were positively associated with disease risk. We suggest that the infected host density surrounding the vector colonies is a relevant variable for disease risk and should be considered to understand disease dynamics. It is crucial to pay attention on the spatial scale of analysis, considering the pattern of vector dispersal, when the relationship between host diversity and disease risk is studied.
Lifestyle and health‐related quality of life in Asian patients with total hip arthroplasties
Authors: Fujita Kimie , Xia Zhenlan , Liu Xueqin , Mawatari Masaaki , Makimoto Kiyoko 
Published: May 2014

AbstractTotal hip arthroplasty reduces pain and restores physical function in patients with hip joint problems. This study examined lifestyle and health‐related quality of life before and after total hip arthroplasty in Japanese and Chinese patients. Two hospitals in China recruited 120 patients and 120 Japanese patients matched by age and operative status were drawn from a prospective cohort database. Oxford Hip Score, EuroQol, and characteristics of Asian lifestyle and attitudes toward the operation were assessed. There were no differences between patients from the two countries in quality‐of‐life‐scale scores: postoperative patients had significantly better quality‐of‐life scores than preoperative patients in both countries. In China, patients who reported that living at home was inconvenient had significantly worse Oxford Hip Scores than those who did not. Mean scores for anxiety items concerning possible dislocation and durability of the implant were significantly higher in Japanese than in Chinese subjects. Our findings suggest that providing information about housing conditions and lifestyles would result in improved quality of life and reduced anxiety in patients with implanted joints.
Segmental Prurigo Pigmentosa
Authors: Torrelo Antonio , Azorín Daniel , Noguera Lucero , Hernández‐Martín Angela , Happle Rudolf , Requena Luis 
Published: May 2014

AbstractPrurigo pigmentosa (PP) is an inflammatory skin disease of unknown origin. The skin lesions in PP are symmetrically distributed on the back, chest, and neck. Pruritus is a prominent feature in many cases. We report on a 13‐year‐old girl with lesions typical of PP in a segmental arrangement on her left chest. A segmental distribution of PP has not been previously reported.
Patterns of pollen removal and deposition inPolemonium brandegeei(Polemoniaceae): the role of floral visitors, floral design and sexual interference
Authors: Kulbaba M. W. , Worley A. C. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe arrangement, colour, shape and size of floral parts (collectively floral design) have evolved primarily to promote mating successviaanimal‐mediated pollen transfer. Although numerous studies have examined variation in pollinator assemblages, relatively few have examined patterns of pollen removal and deposition in the presence of fluctuating pollinators and ineffective floral visitors; therefore, net pollen removal and deposition by entire visitor assemblages are unclear. We studied the timing (diurnal or nocturnal) and effects of floral traits on pollen removal and deposition under a dynamic visitor assemblage ofPolemonium brandegeei. We quantified pollen grains remaining in anthers (pollen removal) and deposited on stigmas (pollen deposition) of plants visited during either the day (07:30–20:00 h) or night (20:30–07:30 h) in natural populations over two flowering seasons. Pollen removal and deposition occurred both diurnally and nocturnally during our study. Increased diurnal removal and deposition coincided with peak floral visitations in 2006. This increase in pollen removal and deposition may reflect increased visits by pollen consumers, effective hawkmoth pollinators and increased self‐pollen deposition due to hot, dry weather. Nonlinear effects of style length significantly affected pollen removal, with less pollen remaining in flowers with intermediate style lengths. Pollen deposition was more complex, with herkogamy and anther height affecting deposition. Further, close proximity of stigmas and anthers increased the potential for sexual interference between pollen removal and deposition. Overall, flower visitations and pollen removal and deposition varied between years and populations, but sex organ placement consistently influenced the removal and deposition of pollen.