bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A randomized, controlled, multicenter trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Zotarolimus‐ vs. Paclitaxel‐eluting stents in de novo occlusive lesions in coronary arteries: Five‐year results from the ZOMAXX I trial
Authors: Chevalier Bernard , DiMario Carlo , Neumann Franz‐Josef , Cutlip Donald E. , Williams David O. , Ormiston John , Grube Eberhard , Whitbourn Robert , Coe Jessie , Schwartz Lewis B. ,   for the ZOMAXX I Investigators
Published: April 2013

BackgroundThe ZOMAXX I trial tested the noninferiority of a zotarolimus‐eluting coronary stent (ZoMaxx™) when compared with a paclitaxel‐eluting coronary stent (Taxus™ Express2™) in a randomized trial of percutaneous intervention for de novo coronary artery stenosis. Angiographic analysis at the primary endpoint of 9 months has been reported previously. The purpose of this follow‐on analysis was to describe the clinical results of the ZoMaxx and Taxus cohorts of the ZOMAXX I trial after 5 years.Methods and ResultsIn the ZOMAXX I trial, 199 patients received a ZoMaxx stent and 197 patients received a Taxus stent at 29 investigative sites in Europe, Australia, and New Zealand. The two groups were generally well matched with respect to both clinical and lesional characteristics, including the incidence of diabetes (ZoMaxx 22% vs. Taxus 26%; P = 0.29), reference vessel diameter (ZoMaxx 2.79 ± 0.43 mm vs. Taxus 2.81 ± 0.46 mm; P = 0.65), and lesion length (ZoMaxx 14.9 ± 5.7 mm vs. Taxus 14.6 ± 5.5; P = 0.61). Through 5 years of follow‐up, a total of 21 patients had died, six patients had withdrawn, nine had been lost to follow‐up, and 13 missed their 5‐year visit, leaving a total of 347 patients for analysis (169 ZoMaxx and 178 Taxus). At the 5‐year time point, there were no significant differences in any clinical metric including ischemia‐driven target lesion revascularization (TLR; ZoMaxx 10.6% vs. Taxus 7.1%; P = 0.29), Q‐wave myocardial infarction (ZoMaxx 1.5% vs. Taxus 1.0%; P = 0.99), definite/probable stent thrombosis (ZoMaxx 1.5% vs. Taxus 3.0%; P = 0.34), and cardiac death (ZoMaxx 3.0% vs. Taxus 1.0%; P = 0.28).ConclusionsAfter 5 years, the differences in clinical outcome between patients treated with ZoMaxx vs. Taxus stents did not reach statistical significance. However, the nominally higher rate of ischemia‐driven TLR (10.6 vs. 7.1%) and the previously reported higher rate of restenosis after 9 months suggest that the ZoMaxx stent afforded less neointimal inhibition when compared with Taxus. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
EH3 (E=N, P, As) and H2 Activation with N‐Heterocyclic Silylene and Germylene Homologues
Authors: Alberto Marta Erminia , Russo Nino , Sicilia Emilia 
Published: April 2013

AbstractDFT calculations have been used to probe the mechanism of the addition reaction of group 15 hydrides EH3 (E=N, P, As) and H2 to a N‐heterocyclic silylene and its germylene homologue. Nitrogen lone pair donation into the vacant p‐orbital of Si and Ge is the first step of ammonia activation, whereas silylene and germylene behave as nucleophiles toward dihydrogen, phosphane, and arsane. Formation of 1,4‐addition products is kinetically favoured in all cases. In excess ammonia, the assistance of a second molecule drastically lowers the 1,1‐addition energy barriers, enabling formation of 1,1‐addition products. The participation of a second molecule in the PH bond activation of phosphane also lowers the 1,1‐addition energy barriers, but not enough to cause inversion.
Structural Diversity from the Transannular Cyclizations of Natural Germacrone and Epoxy Derivatives: A Theoretical–Experimental Study
Authors: Pérez Morales M. Carmen , Catalán Julieta V. , Domingo Victoriano , Jaraíz Martín , Herrador M. Mar , Quílez del Moral José F. , López‐Pérez José‐Luis , Barrero Alejandro F. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractTreatment of germacrone (1) with different electrophiles, and of its epoxy derivatives germacrone‐4,5‐epoxide (2), germacrone‐1,10‐epoxide (3) and isogermacrone‐4,5‐epoxide (4) with Brönsted/Lewis acids and TiIII, gives rise to a great structural diversity. Thus, by using a maximum of two steps, the production of more than 40 compounds corresponding to 14 skeletons is described. Computational calculations rationalizing the structural divergence produced are also described. Finally, since some of the compounds generated are bioactive natural sesquiterpenes, the mechanisms of formation of these substances will provide new insights in their biosynthesis.
Eletrochemically Actuated Stop–Go Valves for Capillary Force‐Operated Diagnostic Microsystems
Authors: Washe Alemayehu P. , Lozano Pablo , Bejarano Diego , Katakis Ioanis 
Published: April 2013

AbstractLateral‐flow immunosensing devices continue to be the most successful commercial realization of analytical microdevices. They owe their success to their simplicity, which significantly depends on the capillary‐driven flow and versatile technological platform that lends itself to fast and low‐cost product development. To compete with such a convenient product, microsystems can benefit from simple‐to‐operate fluid manipulation. We show that the capillary‐driven flow in microchannels can be manipulated with electrochemically activated valves with no moving parts. These valves consist of screen‐printed electrode pairs that are transversal to the flow. One of the electrodes is solvent‐etched to produce a superhydrophobic surface that provides passive stopping and facilitates low‐voltage (∼1 V) actuation of the flow via electrowetting. The operation of such valves in the stop–go mode, with a response time between 2 and 45 sec depending on the type and concentration of salt, is demonstrated. Mechanistic investigations indicated that the response depends on at least three phenomena that contribute to electrocapillarity: the electrochemical double‐layer capacitance, specific counterion adsorption, and possible electrohydrodynamic effects.
Immunometabolic role of long‐chain omega‐3 fatty acids in obesity‐induced inflammation
Authors: Flock Michael R. , Rogers Connie J. , Prabhu K. Sandeep , Kris‐Etherton Penny M. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryInflammation links obesity with the development of insulin resistance. Macrophages and phagocytic immune cells communicate with metabolic tissues to direct an inflammatory response caused by overnutrition and expanding adipose tissue. Marine‐derived omega‐3 fatty acids, specifically eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), modulate inflammatory signalling events, providing various anti‐inflammatory and cardioprotective benefits. Moreover, EPA and DHA may improve insulin sensitivity by generating proresolving lipid mediators and promoting alternatively activated macrophages. This review will assess the role of EPA and DHA in ameliorating obesity‐induced inflammation, evaluating clinical evidence and mechanisms of action. The pathophysiology of insulin resistance resulting from obesity‐induced inflammation will be discussed, highlighting the relationship between metabolism and immunity, and in particular, how EPA and DHA work with both systems to modulate immunometabolic complications and chronic disease. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of the enantioselectivity of carbon nanoparticles‐modified chiral separation systems using dextrin as chiral selector by capillary electrokinetic chromatography
Authors: Hua Xiaoyi , Du Yingxiang , Chen Jiaquan , Xu Guangfu , Yu Tao , Zhang Qi 
Published: April 2013

Nanoparticles (NPs) can be used as pseudostationary phases (PSPs) in EKC, which is similar to the use of micelle additives as applied in MEKC. To date, the use of NPs to enhance enantiomeric separation by EKC with β‐CD or its derivative as chiral selector has been reported only in two papers. However, to the best of our knowledge, there has been no prior effort to use NPs for achieving enantioseparation with polysaccharides as chiral selector. This paper describes for the first time the use of carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) as PSPs to modify chiral separation system employing dextrin as chiral selector for the enantioseparations of several basic drugs in capillary EKC. Three different types of CNPs, including carbogenic nanoparticles (NPs), carboxylated single‐walled carbon nanotubes, and carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes, were used as running buffer additives, respectively. The potential of the PSPs and the effects of dextrin concentration, buffer pH, and buffer concentration on the enantioseparations were evaluated. Four pairs of tested enantiomers were successfully resolved in less than 15 min with the resolution values in the range of 1.41–4.52 under optimized conditions. Compared to the buffer without NPs, the introduction of NPs into the buffer enhanced the separation of the enantiomers.
Lightweight enhanced monitoring for high speed networks
Authors: Vilardi R. , Grieco L.A. , Barakat C. , Boggia G. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTIn this paper, a lightweight enhanced monitoring (LEMON) algorithm based on packet sampling, is proposed. It targets a preassigned accuracy on bitrate estimates, for each monitored flow at a router interface. To this end, LEMON takes into account some basic properties of the flows, which can be easily inferred from a sampled stream, and it exploits them to dynamically adapt the monitoring time window on a per‐flow basis. Its effectiveness has been tested using real packet traces. Experimental results show that LEMON is able to finely tune, in real time, the monitoring window associated to each flow, and, compared with a classic fixed scale monitoring approach, it is able to better satisfy the accuracy requirements of bitrate estimates. Moreover, its communication overhead can be kept low enough by choosing an appropriate aggregation policy in the message exporting process. Finally, LEMON produces a low processing overhead, which can be easily sustained by currently deployed routers. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Theoretical model of a piezoelectric composite spinal fusion interbody implant
Authors: Tobaben Nicholas E. , Domann John P. , Arnold Paul M. , Friis Elizabeth A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractFailure rates of spinal fusion are high in smokers and diabetics. The authors are investigating the development of a piezoelectric composite biomaterial and interbody device design that could generate clinically relevant levels of electrical stimulation to help improve the rate of fusion for these patients. A lumped parameter model of the piezoelectric composite implant was developed based on a model that has been utilized to successfully predict power generation for piezoceramics. Seven variables (fiber material, matrix material, fiber volume fraction, fiber aspect ratio, implant cross‐sectional area, implant thickness, and electrical load resistance) were parametrically analyzed to determine their effects on power generation within reasonable implant constraints. Influences of implant geometry and fiber aspect ratio were independent of material parameters. For a cyclic force of constant magnitude, implant thickness was directly and cross‐sectional area inversely proportional to power generation potential. Fiber aspect ratios above 30 yielded maximum power generation potential while volume fractions above 15% showed superior performance. This investigation demonstrates the feasibility of using composite piezoelectric biomaterials in medical implants to generate therapeutic levels of direct current electrical stimulation. The piezoelectric spinal fusion interbody implant shows promise for helping increase success rates of spinal fusion. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 975–981, 2014.
Transmitted HIV drug resistance in treatment‐naive Romanian patients
Authors: Temereanca Aura , Ene Luminita , Mehta Sanjay , Manolescu Loredana , Duiculescu Dan , Ruta Simona 
Published: April 2013

AbstractTransmitted HIV drug resistance (TDR) remains an important concern for individuals unexposed to antiretroviral treatment. Data on the prevalence of TDR, available mainly for HIV‐1 subtype B, are now also emerging for other subtypes. In Romania, a steady predominance of subtype F was reported among both long‐term survivor children and newly infected adults. The pol gene of 61 drug‐naïve patients infected with HIV, diagnosed between 1997 and 2011 was sequenced in order to analyze the prevalence of primary resistance mutations and to correlate these with the infecting genotype. Only 5/61 specimens were classified as infected recently using the BED‐Capture Enzyme Immunoassay. Subtype F1 was prevalent (80.3%), however, other HIV‐1 clades are increasingly identified, especially in the group of subjects infected recently. An HIV transmission cluster, associated to injecting drug use was identified by phylogenetic analysis. The overall prevalence of TDR was 14.75%, mainly associated with NRTI resistance (13.11%), TAMs and M184V being the most common mutations. A declining trend of TDR was recorded from 26.08% in 1997–2004 to 7.89% in 2005–2011. No primary resistance was identified among recent seroconvertors. All HIV‐1 strains had minor mutations in the protease and RT genes, often detected at polymorphic positions. The declining rates of TDR might be related to the high efficacy of HAART and to the increasing number of treated patients with virological success who have a low risk of transmission. The recent increase of HIV‐1 infections which involve other subtypes impose a continuous surveillance of the genetic composition of the epidemic. J. Med. Virol. 85:1139–1147, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Octreotide LAR and bolus octreotide are insufficient for preventing intraoperative complications in carcinoid patients
Authors: Massimino Kristen , Harrskog Ola , Pommier SuEllen , Pommier Rodney 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesSurgery in carcinoid patients can provoke a carcinoid crisis, which can have serious sequelae, including death. Octreotide prophylaxis is recommended to prevent carcinoid crisis, however there are few reports of outcomes and no large series examining its efficacy. We hypothesized that a 500 µg prophylactic octreotide dose is sufficient to prevent carcinoid crisis.MethodsRecords of carcinoid patients undergoing abdominal operations during years 2007–2011 were retrospectively reviewed. Octreotide use and intraoperative and postoperative outcomes were analyzed.ResultsNinety‐seven intraabdominal operations performed by a single surgeon were reviewed. Ninety percent of patients received preoperative prophylactic octreotide. Fifty‐six percent received at least one additional intraoperative dose. Twenty‐three patients (24%) experienced an intraoperative complication. Intraoperative complications correlated with presence of hepatic metastases but not presence of carcinoid syndrome. Postoperative complications occurred in 60% of patients with intraoperative complications versus 31% of those with none (P = 0.01).ConclusionsSignificant intraoperative complications occur frequently in patients with hepatic metastases regardless of presence of carcinoid syndrome and despite octreotide LAR or single dose prophylactic octreotide. Occurrence of such events correlates strongly with postoperative complications. Randomized controlled trials are needed to determine whether the administration of prophylactic octreotide is beneficial. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013;107:842–846. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparative mitochondrial proteomic analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma from patients
Authors: Ye Yunbin , Huang Aimin , Huang Chuanzhong , Liu Jingfeng , Wang Bin , Lin Kecan , Chen Qiang , Zeng Yongyi , Chen Huijing , Tao Xuan , Wei Guangya , Wu Yanbin 
Published: April 2013

PurposeTo define mitochondrial protein markers related to liver cancer.Experimental designMitochondrial subproteomes of 20 patient‐derived liver carcinoma and tumor‐free control tissues were performed by 2DE coupled with MALDI‐TOF/TOF. The altered patterns of three identified proteins were validated by Western blot and immunohistochemistry.ResultsThe results showed that compared with tumor‐free control samples, nine proteins were downregulated and six proteins were upregulated in carcinoma samples. The increased expression of Arg1 mRNA and protein was validated by Western blot, Q‐RT‐PCR, paraffin tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, a literature review shows that Heat shock protein 10 (Hsp10), single‐stranded DNA‐binding protein (SSBP1), and peptidyl‐prolyl cis‐trans isomerase A (PPIA), which were identified as being increased in the tumor samples in this study, may be closely related to protein folding and translation.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThese results show that in addition to changes in the signaling pathways, such as the Ras‐Raf‐MEK‐ERK pathway, altered mitochondrial DNA replication and protein folding in liver cancer are also worth studying further. Collectively, these results suggest that specific mitochondrial proteins are uniquely susceptible to alterations in expression and carry implications for the investigation of their potential as therapeutic and prognostic markers. Further studies focusing on these proteins will be used to predict treatment response and reverse the apoptosis resistance.
The effect of starvation stress on Lactobacillus brevis L62 protein profile determined by de novo sequencing in positive and negative mass spectrometry ion mode
Authors: Butorac Ana , Dodig Ivana , Bačun‐Družina Višnja , Tishbee Arye , Mrvčić Jasna , Hock Karlo , Diminić Janko , Cindrić Mario 
Published: April 2013

RATIONALEWe describe a novel negative chemically activated fragmentation/positive chemically activated fragmentation (CAF−/CAF+) technique for protein identification. The technique was used to investigate Lactobacillus brevis adaptation to nutrient deprivation.METHODSThe CAF−/CAF+ method enables de novo sequencing of derivate peptides with negative and positive ion mode matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Peptide sequences obtained from MS/MS spectra were matched against the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) non‐redundant (nr) database and confirmed by the mass spectrometry data of elucidated peptide mass sequences derived from the annotated genome. This improved protein identification method highlighted 36 differentially expressed proteins in the proteome of L. brevis after 75 days of starvation.RESULTSThe results revealed the key differences in the metabolic pathways that are responsible for the survival of L. brevis in a hostile environment. Proteomics analysis demonstrated that numerous proteins engaged in glucose and amino‐acid catabolizing pathways, glycerolipid metabolizing pathways, and stress–response mechanisms are differentially expressed after long‐term starvation. Amino acid and proteomics analysis indicated that starved L. brevis metabolized arginine, glycine, and histidine from dead cells as alternative nutrient sources. The production of lactic acid also varied between the parent cells and the starved cells.CONCLUSIONSDifferentially expressed proteins identified exclusively by peptide sequence reading provided promising results for CAF−/CAF+ implementation in a standard proteomics workflow (e.g., biomarker and mutation discovery and biotyping). The practical performance of a reliable de novo sequencing technique in routine proteomics analysis is emphasized in this article. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A predictive science approach to aid understanding of electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometric fragmentation pathways of small molecules using density functional calculations
Authors: Galezowska Angelika , Harrison Mark W. , Herniman Julie M. , Skylaris Chris‐Kriton , Langley G. John 
Published: April 2013

RATIONALETandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) dissociation pathways can vary markedly between compound classes and can result in challenging and time‐consuming interpretation of the data. Compound, class and substructure specific fragmentation rules for protonated molecules require refinement to aid the structural elucidation process.METHODSThe application of a predictive science approach using density functional theory (DFT) calculations has been investigated to estimate the abundances of first‐generation product ions observed using an ion trap mass spectrometer. This has been achieved by application of Boltzmann population theory to electrospray ionisation (ESI)‐MS and MS/MS data.RESULTSTandem ESI‐MS data for this preliminary study were used to investigate the internal stabilities of protonated species and their product ions. The calculated relative abundances of 11.3%, 96.5%, and 1.1% for the product ion (m/z 192) of three quinazoline structural isomers are compared with the experimental values of 16%, 90% and 0% observed in the first‐generation product ion mass spectra.CONCLUSIONSClose correlation between calculated and experimental data has been demonstrated for these initial data. Applying this approach and establishing fragmentation rules, based on structure specific and common fragmentation behaviour, would improve and expedite the structural elucidation process. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrical Graphene Aptasensor for Ultra‐Sensitive Detection of Anthrax Toxin with Amplified Signal Transduction
Authors: Kim Duck‐Jin , Park Hae‐Chul , Sohn Il Yung , Jung Jin‐Heak , Yoon Ok Ja , Park Joon‐Shik , Yoon Moon‐Young , Lee Nae‐Eung 
Published: April 2013

AbstractDetection of the anthrax toxin, the protective antigen (PA), at the attomolar (aM) level is demonstrated by an electrical aptamer sensor based on a chemically derived graphene field‐effect transistor (FET) platform. Higher affinity of the aptamer probes to PA in the aptamer‐immobilized FET enables significant improvements in the limit of detection (LOD), dynamic range, and sensitivity compared to the antibody‐immobilized FET. Transduction signal enhancement in the aptamer FET due to an increase in captured PA molecules results in a larger 30 mV/decade shift in the charge neutrality point (Vg,min) as a sensitivity parameter, with the dynamic range of the PA concentration between 12 aM (LOD) and 120 fM. An additional signal enhancement is obtained by the secondary aptamer‐conjugated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs‐aptamer), which have a sandwich structure of aptamer/PA/aptamer‐AuNPs, induce an increase in charge‐doping in the graphene channel, resulting in a reduction of the LOD to 1.2 aM with a three‐fold increase in the Vg,min shift.
Characteristics of Immigrant Entrepreneurs and Their Involvement in International New Ventures
Authors: Zolin Roxanne , Schlosser Francine 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe studied 561 young firms in Australia to understand the involvement of immigrant entrepreneurs (IEs) in international new ventures (INVs). We found that IEs are overrepresented in INVs and have many characteristics known to facilitate INV success, including more founders, university degrees, international connections, and technical capability. Our study has implications for immigration policy and economic policy and the efficient use of a nation's human capital. This research challenges a necessity‐based stereotype of immigrant entrepreneurs by identifying areas in which immigrant entrepreneurs have natural competitive advantages over native entrepreneurs (NEs). This research makes a contribution to the theory of immigrant entrepreneurship by identifying the significant role of immigrant entrepreneurs in INVs and the suitability of immigrant entrepreneurs for the development of INVs. We inform diverse streams of research in transnational and immigrant entrepreneurship with broader strategic work on the creation of INVs. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.This research was partly funded by an Australian Academy of Social Sciences research grant. A previous version of this paper was presented at Babson College Entrepreneurship Research Conference (BCERC), 2011, Syracuse.