bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The search for an intelligent evader concealed in one of an arbitrary number of regions
Authors: Gittins J.C. , Roberts D.M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis paper considers the search for an evader concealed in one of an arbitrary number of regions, each of which is characterized by its detection probability. We shall be concerned here with the double‐sided problem in which the evader chooses this probability secretly, although he may not subsequently move; his aim is to maximize the expected time to detection, while the searcher attempts to minimize it.The situation where two regions are involved has been studied previously and reported on recently. This paper represents a continuation of this analysis. It is normally true that as the number of regions increases, optimal strategies for both searcher and evader are progressively more difficult to determine precisely. However it will be shown that, generally, satisfactory approximations to each are almost as easily derived as in the two region problem, and that the accuracy of such approximations is essentially independent of the number of regions. This means that so far as the evader is concerned, characteristics of the two‐region problem may be used to assess the accuracy of such approximate strategies for problems of more than two regions.
The sensitivity of first term navy reenlistment to changes in unemployment and relative wages
Authors: Cohen Les , Reedy Diane Erickson 
Published: October 2013

AbstractMultiple regression analysis was used to analyze newly developed twenty year time series of first term reenlistment rates for nine major Navy occupational categories. Results indicate that there are significant differences among the occupational categories in the determinants of their reenlistment behavior. More importantly, it is apparent that reenlistment rates are highly sensitive to current unemployment and especially unemployment about the time of enlistment. By comparison, relative wages (measures of military versus private sector rates of compensation) are relatively insignificant and appear powerless to control reenlistment in the context of normal fluctuations in economic activity.
The Lithium Fluoride Tetrafluoroborate Li2F[BF4]
Authors: Pilz Thomas , Schleid Thomas , Jansen Martin 
Published: October 2013

AbstractColorless Li2BF5 (better: Li2F[BF4]) was obtained by partial decomposition of Li[BF4] in a closed silica ampoule. It crystallizes in the tetragonal space group I41/amd with the lattice parameters a = 512.8(2) pm and c = 1326.6(4) pm (c/a = 2.587). Lithium is sixfold and boron fourfold coordinated by fluorine at distances of about 210 pm (6 ×) and 139 pm (4 ×), respectively. A cristobalite‐type cationic framework 3D‐{[(F1)Li4/2]+} of vertex‐sharing [(F1)Li4]3+ tetrahedra embeds the isolated tetrahedral [B(F2)4]– anions.
Treatment adherence and persistence in adult ADHD: Results from a twenty-four week controlled clinical trial with extended release methylphenidate
Authors: Sobanski E. , Retz W. , Fischer R. , Ose C. , Alm B. , Hennig O. , Rösler M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPurpose:The aim of this analysis is to describe medication adherence, and treatment persistence, in adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) treated for 24 weeks with extended release methylphenidate (MPH-ER). Additionally, patient-, disorder- and treatment-related factors associated with adherence and persistence will be identified.Method:Post-hoc analysis of the active treatment group of a placebo-controlled, randomised, 24 week trial with MPH-ER with univariate description and multiple logistic regression models and Hosmer and Lemeshow tests.Results:In the sample of 241 adults with ADHD (mean age of 35.2 ± 10.1 years), 9.4% of the patients were non-adherent, taking less than 80% of the dispensed medication. Factors associated with non-adherence included age < 25 years, education level lower than secondary education, lacking family history of ADHD, lower ADHD baseline severity and lower self- and observer-rated medication efficacy. Lacking family history of ADHD, lower education level and lower self-rated medication efficacy, predicted non-adherence with a prediction accuracy of 16%. Seventeen percent of the patients discontinued early with most discontinuing within the first five weeks of the MPH-ER titration phase. Mean persistence in the discontinuing group was 63.4 ± 49.4 days. Factors associated with discontinuation included male gender, lower education level, lacking family history of ADHD and lower self- and observer-rated medication efficacy. Treatment non-response, male gender and lower education level predicted treatment discontinuation with a prediction accuracy of 22.7%.Conclusion:Male adults without relatives with ADHD, with lower educational level and lower self- and observer-rated medication efficacy, who are newly treated with MPH-ER, are at increased risk of non-adherence and treatment discontinuation. Patients are at increased risk of treatment discontinuation during the medication titration phase.
Necrotising otitis externa: clinical profile and management protocol
Authors: Lambor D V , Das C P , Goel H C , Tiwari M , Lambor S D , Fegade M V 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackground:Necrotising otitis externa, which is typically seen in elderly diabetics, is a severe infective disorder caused byPseudomonas aeruginosa. There is lack of standard management policy for necrotising otitis externa, hence this study attempted to frame a protocol for management based on clinical parameters.Method:A retrospective study of 27 patients with necrotising otitis externa was conducted over 6 years in a tertiary care hospital. Data were analysed with regards to demographic characteristics, clinical features, investigations, staging and treatment modalities.Results:Out of 27 patients, 26 were diabetics. The commonest organism isolated wasP aeruginosa, which was sensitive to third generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. Nine patients had cranial nerve involvement. Twelve of 15 patients treated with medical therapy recovered, as did 11 of 12 patients that underwent surgery.Conclusion:A high index of suspicion, early diagnosis and prompt intervention are key factors to decrease morbidity and mortality. Fluoroquinolones, third generation cephalosporins and surgical debridement are the mainstay of treatment.
Justa piratica: the ethics of piracy
Authors: PATTISON JAMES 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThere has been widespread and vociferous condemnation of Somali piracy and several states have used force against the pirates. This reflects the prevailing view of pirates as belligerents and aggressors who act wrongly. In this article, I challenge this view by defending the conditional moral permissibility of piracy. More specifically, I first argue that piracy can be morally permissible when certain conditions are met. These are what I call the principles of ‘justa piratica’, that is, the principles of just piracy. Second, I claim that these conditions are likely to apply to some Somali pirates. Third, as a corollary, I argue that the case of piracy shows that one of the shibboleths of Just War Theory – that a war cannot be just on both sides – is mistaken.
Climate and grazing control nurse effects in an Ecuadorian dry shrubby community
Authors: Espinosa Carlos Iván , Luzuriaga Arantzazu L. , de la Cruz Marcelino , Escudero Adrián 
Published: October 2013

Abstract:Positive plant interactions have strong effects on plant diversity at several spatial scales, expanding species distribution under stressful conditions. We evaluated the joint effect of climate and grazing on the nurse effect ofCroton wagneri, by monitoring several community attributes at two spatial scales: microhabitat and plant community. Two very close locations that only differed in grazing intensity were surveyed in an Ecuadorian dry scrub ecosystem. At each location, two 30 × 30-m plots were established at four altitudinal levels (1500, 2630, 1959 and 2100 m asl) and 40 microsites were surveyed in each plot.Croton wagneriacted as community hubs, increasing species richness and plant cover at both scales. Beneath nurses mean richness and cover values were 3.4 and 21.9%, and in open areas 2.3 and 4.5%, respectively. Magnitude of nurse effect was dependent on climate and grazing conditions. In ungrazed locations, cover increased and diversity reduced with altitude, while grazed locations showed the opposite trend. In ungrazed plots the interactions shifted from positive to negative with altitude, in grazed locations interactions remained positive. We conclude that the nurse effect is a key mechanism regulating community properties not only at microsite but also at the entire community scale.
Epiphytes of birch
Authors: Coppins Brian J. 
Published: October 2013

SynopsisThe general environmental factors controlling the epiphytic vegetation on birch are discussed, as is the physio-chemical nature of birch bark as a substratum for epiphytes (especially lichens). In terms of species diversity, birch is found to be a poor host (phorophyte) for epiphytes and various reasons (e.g. low bark pH) for this are suggested. The lichen communities commonly encountered on different parts of a birch tree in different situations in the British Isles are summarized. Annotated appendices provide lists of the lichens (235 species) and bryophytes (58 species) recorded on Betula in the British Isles.
Implements of the Later Palæolithic “Cave” Periods in East Anglia
Authors: Sturge W. Allen 
Published: October 2013

In my Presidential Address delivered at the first meeting of the Society in 1908 I referred to the possibility that we might be able to trace in this part of the world the various periods which have hitherto been chiefly associated with deposits in rockshelters and caves in France and elsewhere. The object of the present paper is to bring before the members of the Society the present position of this question so far as my own researches are concerned with a view to stimulating further enquiries into the subject.Before passing to details it will be necessary to give a brief account of the scope of the enquiry and to sum up our knowledge of the rock shelter and Cave periods of the Palæolithic Age so far as it is possible to do so. To give an adequate up-to-date description of the subject is not a very easy matter, for so far as I am aware no detailed account of the various Cave periods has been written in recent time, and advances in knowledge have to be sought for in the periodical publications of many different societies of various countries, a task which to most of us who are not within reach of a first-class library is practically impossible. Even when these can be consulted it rarely happens in my experience that sufficient attention is paid by illustration and description to the many varieties of types of implement associated with the different periods.
Prehistoric Human Remains at Little Cornard, Suffolk
Authors: Hewitt H. Dixon 
Published: October 2013

The discovery which is the subject of these notes was unfortunately rendered incomplete by the fact that the initial exhumation of the bones was not witnessed by me, as I came on the scene after the greater part of the skeleton had been shovelled away by those ignorant of its scientific value.The gravel-pit in which I found the remains appears to be cut into a Plateau gravel, probably of an age corresponding to the break-up of one of the great glaciations. It is situated near, but not on, the summit of an eminence called Kedington Hill, about 2 miles South-by-East of Sudbury Station. The site was once included under the name of Kedington Common, and is on the North side of the road called Kedington Lane.
Notes on the Implements from the Factory Sites at Peppard, Oxon
Authors: Peake A. E. 
Published: October 2013

Since reading a paper before the Archæological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland in February, 1913, on the two factory sites at Peppard, Oxon, we have carried out further excavations, and I propose to give a brief account of the new implements found there, and to discuss the evidence as to the date arrived at as a result of the whole work. Sections of the sites and a map showing their position were given in that paper, and 28 of the implements illustrated.The deeper site (Site 1) was re-opened by Mr. Reginald Smith, F.S.A., of the British Museum, in October, 1913, and some of the problems connected with it cleared up. This site was then found to be an open pit, similar to a modern chalk pit, with a pathway leading into it from the lowest level, 8 ft. across and 7½ ft. long. The floor of this adit formed a gently inclined plane to the bottom of the pit, being covered at the entrance with 2½ ft. of rainwash. This method of approach to the mine is what one would expect from its situation on the slope of a hill. It differs thus from the mines at Cissbury and Grime's Graves, where the circular cups were much deeper (40 ft.) and must have been entered by some form of ladder, such as a tree trunk with the branches cut short to form steps or a rope made of hide.
Flint Industries in North Cornwall
Authors: Kendall H. G. O. 
Published: October 2013

A paper in Vol. I., Part III., of the “Proceedings,” on “Pygmy Implements from Cornwall,” by E. L. Arnold, has spurred me on to place on record my discoveries on the same spot.During the years 1898 to 1903 I paid numerous visits to the western side of Trevose Head, Booby Bay, Constantine Island, and also to the Late Celtic Cemetery at Harlyn Bay, one mite N.E. Flint flakes and cores or cones lay on the surface of the ground, at the cliff edge, all the way from Dinas Head (the western-most corner of the Trevose promontory, and a splendid look-out place), down to Booby Bay and Constantine Island. They had evidently once been covered with soil and are now exposed by the wastage thereof near the cliff edge. Some I dug out from the banks of tiny runlets formed after heavy rain.Mr. Arnold says that “the artificers appear to have turned out immense numbers of barbs and arrow-points, but practically nothing else.” Like him, I found many hundreds of chipped flints, leaving quantities of them where I found them, after examination. But I found no true arrow-head. None of the pygmy tools were of especial smallness, but some were straight and sharply pointed, and I suggested, in “Man,” Vol. VII., No. 9, 83, their possible use as barbs to harpoons and also as fish hooks.One flake, however, has been cleverly snicked from the base to half-way up its length, on each side, so as to leave two projecting shoulders as barbs, and a tang. It is carefully retouched round the edges on one face only. It has curved edges and a narrow, sharp chisel end.
A Recent Expedition after Indian Palæos
Authors: Seton-Karr Heywood W. 
Published: October 2013

During the successive Glacial periods which seem to have occurred at regular intervals and of increasing or diminishing intensity, what were the climatic conditions in the present tropical regions?This is dated from Southern India, where I am endeavouring to visualise and imagine some of the climatic conditions in which ancient man at some of these periods may have lived, and in which the implements, of which I am finding some beautiful examples, may have been made and used and subsequently abandoned, being now found in certain positions and horizons.Cuddapah is the chief town of a district where I have found most of the implements of palæolithic type of which I have given series to, I suppose, more than a hundred museums. If I include African and Egyptian implements, then the number of museums and institutions is 246 in all. Cuddapah is pretty well searched out now as regards implements, as there is a native whom Mr. McLeod, the late Collector of Cuddapah, trained as a searcher, and who has usually been with me and who is with me on the present occasion, who has searched most of that district in my company. Dr. Sturge has very beautifully and clearly applied the Draysonian theory to certain questions in prehistorics. While man in Northern Europe was being driven backwards and forwards, and alternately scorched and frozen for thousands of years, alternating with long periods of comparative climatic repose such as we are now enjoying, what, I ask, was happening to his confrère in India? As far as I can ascertain from the evidential positions and surroundings of such palæolithic implements as I have myself picked up, the climate in this part of the world was devoid of those catastrophic floods and alternating Arctic and Tropical climates which must have made life so exciting in other latitudes.
Some Details of Flint Fracture
Authors: Moir J. Reid 
Published: October 2013

It is my purpose in this paper to tabulate and describe some of the details of flint fracture, which, in my opinion, are very necessary for the prehistorian to understand and recognise, and a knowledge of which makes the study of flint implements much easier and more entertaining. The correctness of some of my explanations of these various details may be challenged, but the majority of them are, I think, in accord with the views of most investigators and will be generally accepted.A part of the ground which will be traversed in this paper has already been gone over, but I am anxious to put all the facts at present ascertained regarding the fracture of flint into a compact form which can easily be referred to and may be of use to serious prehistorians. I hope that this will be considered sufficient excuse for recapitulating some of the facts which have already been brought forward.Striking Platforms. When an ordinary rounded nodule of flint is selected with a view to produce an implement from it by flaking, it is necessary, owing to the difficulty of removing flakes from a rounded or irregular surface, to break off a portion of the nodule so that a flat surface is produced from which flakes can be struck with precision. The flakes which are removed will exhibit, just above the point where the blows fell which detached them (known as “the point of impact”), a portion of this flat surface, and this is termed the “striking platform.”
An Aurignacian Floor at Heacham, Norfolk
Authors: Lowerison Bellerby 
Published: October 2013

The implements shown were found in Heacham Park while digging an ornamental lake in February, 1914. The tanged and barbed arrow-head of ruddy-brown flint, not lustrous, 1¾ in, long and ⅝ in. wide at the barbs, was found within a foot of the surface just below the turf. The others (Aurignacian, according to Mr. Reginald Smith) range in colour from blue-black to cream, and include a cream scraper, 2½ in. by 1½ in.; a flake, 4¾ in. by 1¼ in.; and an implement with traces of fire (Plate CXXII.).The section was as follows:—(1) 7–8 in brown peaty earth with roots, and at base chalky concretions of marl, scaling; 1 in. in diameter and less (brown arrpw-head here). This, graduates through (la) 2 in. a grey marly earth or clay, to (2) 8-in. white chalky clay, granular to sight after passage of spade, yet clayey to touch.
Implements of Les Eyzies-Type and a Working-Floor in the River Cray Valley
Authors: Chandler R. H. 
Published: October 2013

During 1911 Mr. Reginald A. Smith, F.S.A., mentioned to me that some long flakes which fitted together had been presented to the British Museum by Captain R. A. Vansittart, and were described as being from North Cray gravel-pit. Prior to this I had visited the pit on one or two occasions and noted the section exposed, but without finding any implements or flakes; however, on receipt of this information another visit was made and the workmen questioned.It appeared that the flakes mentioned had been found at the junction of the gravel with the alluvium by my informant, some nine or ten years ago, when the gravel on the east bank of the Cray was being worked (indicated in Fig. 1), but nothing had been found since.Nevertheless, the pit was kept under observation and, after some dozens of visits, I obtained from the man, on June 10th, 1912, the implement (Fig. 2) and a few flakes; on another occasion the “worked-angle” flake (Fig. 4), and since then a few simple flakes—in all, one implement, two cores, one hammer-stone, one worked-angle flake, two flakes showing signs of use, and eighteen simple flakes.
Some Earthworks and Standing Stones in East Anglia: In Relation to a Prehistoric Solar Cultus
Authors: Dixon S. E. 
Published: October 2013

The following notes are the outcome of observations made several years ago. It is hoped that they may arouse the interest of some who will be tempted to pursue the enquiry with more definite results.Briefly, my observations seem to show that the earthworks and stones in question extending from Harleston to Gorleston are of prehistoric date, perhaps of the same cycle as the stone circles of Stonehenge, Avebury, Stenness, and elsewhere, and, like them, designed, by a series of alignments with outlying monoliths, for solar and stellar observations—in the present case chiefly of the sun's rising and setting at the period of its greatest amplitude, viz., at the summer and winter solstices. Such astronomical considerations have been very fully considered by Sir Norman Lockyer. To his work, “Stonehenge and other British Monuments astronomically considered” (Macmillan, 1906), I am indebted for the clue which led me to the subject of these notes, and to this work I refer the reader for a vast amount of evidence parallel with that which I am now offering.
A Flint Implement Factory Site near Milverton, Somerset
Authors: Moysey C. F. 
Published: October 2013

On the summit of a hill one mile west of the little town of Milverton and nine, miles from Taunton, I discovered in November, 1915, the site of what appears to have been an important settlement in prehistoric times, a considerable quantity of flint flakes and fragments being scattered over a surface of 15 acres or so.The site is admirably suited for a defensive position; the highest point is 534 feet above sea level, and although this is not a great altitude for West Somerset it commands an excellent prospect of the surrounding country. Practically the whole of the Vale of Taunton Dean is seen to the east; on the north-east, the entire length of the Quantocks; due north, the valley between the Quantocks and the Brendons which leads to the Bristol Channel, and to the south the flat-topped range of the Blackdowns. Although the site itself is fairly level, the ground falls away steeply on every side except the south and south-east, where the downward slope is gentle. I have not been able to find any traces of earthworks, though there are British circular hill-forts in the adjoining parishes of Bathealton and Wiveliscombe.
Notes on some Flint-Chipping Sites at Risby, Suffolk
Authors: Hewitt H. Dixon 
Published: October 2013

My attention was first drawn to this locality in the summer of 1915. I exhibited the first few specimens obtained before this Society at the meeting held at Norwich on December 13th of that year, and a brief notice of the exhibit appeared in the Appendix to the “Proceedings,” Vol. II., p. 321.The site or sites (numbered for reference purposes LV.), are in the parish of Risby, two miles West of the village, on the Cavenham road, from which village they are only distant about one mile.The sites occupy the Northern bank and bottom of a small dry valley on Risby Poor's Heath. This little valley runs towards the (now) very small stream which crosses the main road at Roberts'-Bridge, which stream is itself a feeder of the Lark; hence the fall is from the Eastern boundary of the heath towards the West. The first site was indicated to me by numerous shallow, somewhat rectangular, excavations, apparently made, say, within the last thirty or forty years, presumably for the purpose of getting road-stone.