bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A replication of “unconscious bias in citizens' evaluations of public sector performance”
Authors: Chen Guoliang , Zhang Shuwei , Chen Wenna , Li Qiwei , Liang Pinghan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn recent years, the phenomenon of anti‐public sector bias (APSB) has garnered significant attention among public administration scholars. It is of especial interest given its possible effects on how citizens evaluate public sector performance. Despite the prominence of APSB in academic discourse, conclusive evidence requires further empirical testing. Our study addresses this gap by conducting a replication of Marvel (2016) using a different study population (citizens from China, N = 1410). The results reaffirm the negative influence of APSB on citizens' assessments of public sector performance. Notably, our research indicates the potential for altering citizens' APSB in the context of a pro‐public sector culture. This study contributes to public administration research and the discourse on APSB by confirming the effects presented by Marvel (2016) and suggesting strategies for mitigating the negative effects of APSB.
Looking back: Selected contributions by C. R. Rao to multivariate analysis
Authors: Smith Dianna 
Published: August 2024

AbstractStatistician C. R. Rao made many contributions to multivariate analysis over the span of his career. Some of his earliest contributions continue to be used and built upon almost 80 years later, while his more recent contributions spur new avenues of research. The present article discusses these contributions, how they helped shape multivariate analysis as we see it today, and what we may learn from reviewing his works. Topics include his extension of linear discriminant analysis, Rao's perimeter test, Rao's U statistic, his asymptotic expansion of Wilks' statistic, canonical factor analysis, functional principal component analysis, redundancy analysis, canonical coordinates, and correspondence analysis. The examination of his works shows that interdisciplinary collaboration and the utilization of real datasets were crucial in almost all of Rao's impactful contributions.
Initial empirical antibiotic therapy in kidney transplant recipients with pyelonephritis: A global survey of current practice and opinions across 19 countries on six continents
Authors: Coussement Julien , Bansal Shyam B. , Scemla Anne , Svensson My H. S. , Barcan Laura A. , Smibert Olivia C. , Clemente Wanessa T. , Lopez‐Medrano Francisco , Hoffman Tomer , Maggiore Umberto , Catalano Concetta , Hilbrands Luuk , Manuel Oriol , DU TOIT Tinus , Shern Terence Kee Yi , Chowdhury Nizamuddin , Viklicky Ondrej , Oberbauer Rainer , Markowicz Samuel , Kaminski Hannah , Lafaurie Matthieu , Pierrotti Ligia C. , Cerqueira Tiago L. , Yahav Dafna , Kamar Nassim , Kotton Camille N. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundDespite the burden of pyelonephritis after kidney transplantation, there is no consensus on initial empirical antibiotic management.MethodsWe surveyed clinicians throughout the world on their practice and opinions about the initial empirical therapy of post‐transplant pyelonephritis, using clinical vignettes. A panel of experts from 19 countries on six continents designed this survey, and invited 2145 clinicians to participate.ResultsA total of 721 clinicians completed the survey (response rate: 34%). In the hypothetical case of a kidney transplant recipient admitted with pyelonephritis but not requiring intensive care, most respondents reported initiating either a 3rd‐generation cephalosporin (37%) or piperacillin‐tazobactam (21%) monotherapy. Several patient‐level factors dictated the selection of broader‐spectrum antibiotics, including having a recent urine culture showing growth of a resistant organism (85% for extended‐spectrum ß‐lactamase‐producing organisms, 90% for carbapenemase‐producing organisms, and 94% for Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Respondents attributed high importance to the appropriateness of empirical therapy, which 87% judged important to prevent mortality. Significant practice and opinion variations were observed between and within countries.ConclusionHigh‐quality studies are needed to guide the empirical management of post‐transplant pyelonephritis. In particular, whether prior urine culture results should systematically be reviewed and considered remains to be determined. Studies are also needed to clarify the relationship between the appropriateness of initial empirical therapy and outcomes of post‐transplant pyelonephritis.
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Evaluating utility of routine ferritin testing in blood donors: A hospital‐based blood donor centre experience
Authors: Petersen Philip , Hakimjavadi Hesamedin , Chamala Srikar , Mathur Gagan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesIron deficiency (ID) poses a prevalent concern among blood donors, especially impacting young donors, premenopausal females and frequent donors. In alignment with recommendations to address ID, routine ferritin testing was implemented in a hospital‐based donor centre.Materials and MethodsData set, encompassing 26 164 ferritin values from 16 464 blood donors over 33 months, were analysed retrospectively. Ferritin levels were assessed concerning donor characteristics such as sex, age, ethnicity and donation frequency.ResultsFerritin testing revealed age, sex and ethnicity variations, emphasising the heightened risk of ID in young females meeting all donation criteria under 23 year of age who demonstrated the lowest mean baseline ferritin (41% [CI: 34%–48%] < 26 ng/mL; 20% [CI: 14%–25%] < 15 ng/mL). Postmenopausal females exhibited ferritin levels similar to similarly aged males. Irrespective of sex, donors showcased mean ferritin recovery within 6 months. Analysis of ferritin recovery post‐donation showed a five‐fold increase in risk (compared with first visit) of ID when donors return at a 2‐month interval. ‘Regular’ donors (≥10 visits) approach a median steady ferritin level (~30–35 ng/mL) by the sixth visit.ConclusionAs reliance on regular blood donors increases, donation policies must strike a balance between blood centre resources and the risks posed to both regular and at‐risk donors. Frequent blood donation led to donors attaining a mean steady state ferritin level above the threshold for ID. At‐risk groups, particularly premenopausal females, were several times more likely to experience ID after donation but demonstrated recovery rates similar to their group's baseline levels. This valuable information informed the development of new donor deferral policies.
The association between attitude towards facemasks, quality of donation experience and relationship with healthcare providers: A cross‐sectional exploratory study
Authors: Bani Marco , Ardenghi Stefano , Russo Selena , Zorzi Federico , Rampoldi Giulia , Del Greco Alexia , Caputo Alessandra , Giussani Barbara , Magri Erica , Strepparava Maria Grazia 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesFacemasks represent an essential measure of prevention against the spread of infectious diseases; however, they lessen the ability to convey and understand emotions through facial expressions. In blood donation settings, facemask wearing could interfere with professionals' tasks, reduce the satisfaction of blood donors and affect their future blood donation behaviour. This preliminary cross‐sectional study explored the association of mandatory facemask wearing with the quality of the blood donation process at the end of the coronavirus 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic.Materials and MethodsA sample of 615 voluntary unpaid Italian blood and plasma donors completed an online survey assessing their attitude towards facemask wearing, the perceived distress due to facemasks in the different steps of the donation process, self‐reported vasovagal reactions after donation and the intention to donate again.ResultsNearly 24% of donors reported a worsened quality of the donation process due to facemask wearing, and 36% reported moderate to severe distress during the donation itself. Donors with a more negative attitude towards facemasks reported a worse donation experience, mainly related to the interactions and the communication with physicians and nurses, and a higher probability of experiencing vasovagal reactions at their last donation. No significant correlations were observed between negative facemask attitudes towards facemask wearing, distress or future intention to donate blood/plasma.ConclusionFacemasks have worsened the quality of blood and plasma donations for one fourth of donors, confirming the interference with the quality of communications and relationships with healthcare professionals.
Iscalimab Combined With Transient Tesidolumab Prolongs Survival in Pig‐to‐Rhesus Monkey Renal Xenografts
Authors: Adams Andrew B. , Faber David , Lovasik Brendan P. , Matar Abraham J. , Kim Steven C. , Burlak Christopher , Tector Matt , Tector Alfred J. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the clinically relevant anti‐CD40 antibody iscalimab for baseline immunosuppression in a preclinical pig‐to‐rhesus renal xenograft model.Summary Background DataCD40/CD40L co‐stimulation blockade‐based immunosuppression has been more successful than calcineurin‐based protocols in prolonging xenograft survival in preclinical models.MethodsGGTA1 knockout/CD55 transgenic pig kidneys were transplanted into rhesus monkeys (n = 6) receiving an iscalimab‐based immunosuppressive regimen.ResultsTwo grafts were lost early (22 and 26 days) because of ectatic donor ureters with otherwise normal histology. The other recipients survived 171, 315, 422, and 439 days with good renal function throughout the posttransplant course. None of the recipients experienced serious infectious morbidity.ConclusionsIt may be reasonable to evaluate an iscalimab‐based immunosuppressive regimen in clinical renal xenotransplantation.
On Waring numbers of henselian rings
Authors: Kowalczyk Tomasz , Miska Piotr 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLet be a positive integer. Let be a henselian local ring with residue field of th level . We give some upper and lower bounds for the th Waring number in terms of and . In large number of cases, we are able to compute . Similar results for the th Waring number of the total ring of fractions of are obtained. We then provide applications. In particular, we compute and for and any prime .
A New Perspective for Scientific Modelling: Sparse Reconstruction-Based Approach for Learning Time-Space Fractional Differential Equations
Authors: Vats Yash , Mehra Mani , Oelz Dietmar , Singh Abhishek Kumar 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper studies a sparse reconstruction-based approach to learn time–space fractional differential equations (FDEs), i.e., to identify parameter values and particularly the order of the fractional derivatives. The approach uses a generalized Taylor series expansion to generate, in every iteration, a feature matrix, which is used to learn the fractional orders of both, temporal and spatial derivatives by minimizing the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) operator using differential evolution (DE) algorithm. To verify the robustness of the method, numerical results for time–space fractional diffusion equation, wave equation, and Burgers' equation at different noise levels in the data are presented. Finally, the methodology is applied to a realistic example where underlying fractional differential equation associated with published experimental data obtained from an in vitro cell culture assay is learned.
Investigation of Metal–H2O Systems at Elevated Temperatures: Part I. Development of a Solubility Apparatus Specialized for Super-Ambient Conditions
Authors: Palazhchenko Olga Y. , Kaye Matthew H. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Metals used in aqueous environments where high temperatures and pressures are present are susceptible to corrosion. This is the case for nuclear power plants, especially CANDUTM reactors, where the liquid water systems can reach over 300 °C at pressures well above 101.325 kPa (1 atm). In such situations, failure to control corrosion has economic and safety consequences. To extend corrosion modeling tools, such as Pourbaix diagrams, to harsh aqueous conditions, there is a need for experimental thermochemical data performed at elevated temperatures. This is particularly true for metal and alloy systems where such information is unavailable or unreliable. A relatively simple approach to obtaining temperature dependent thermodynamic properties is the investigation of solid–liquid phase, or solubility, equilibria. However, this requires specially designed instrumentation that can withstand harsh temperatures and extreme pH conditions, while providing accurate data. In this work, an apparatus developed for super-ambient highly acidic and alkaline solubility experiments is presented. Solubility measurements were made in the zinc oxide system, which has been extensively studied. Using these equilibrium data and comparing to the literature, allowed the instrumentation and analysis process to be validated. In situ pH measurements using a constant volume, batch reactor system are described along with a brief presentation of the ZnO dissolution equilibria results at 85 °C (358.15 K).
Investigation of Metal–H2O Systems at Elevated Temperatures: Part III: Solubility Data and New Zr Pourbaix Diagrams at 298.15 K and 373.15 K
Authors: Francolini Graeme J. , Kaye Matthew H. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The fuel bundles in coolant systems of CANDU™ reactors operate between 250 and 310 °C (523 and 583 K). Given these extreme conditions and because of its neutronic properties, zirconium and Zircaloy-4 are used in these applications, which require corrosion resistance at elevated temperatures. However, thermodynamic and hydrolysis properties of aqueous zirconium species have not been measured above standard conditions, making prediction using standard thermodynamic tools, such as the Pourbaix (E-pH) diagram difficult. This lack of information is addressed through solubility measurements and the development of elevated temperature Pourbaix diagrams for zirconium and Zircaloy-4. These Pourbaix diagrams of zirconium and a multi-element diagram (Sn, Zr, Cr) of Zircaloy-4 were developed at 100 °C (373.15 K) and are presented in this work. Solubility measurements were made using a batch-style pressure vessel and concentration measurements were made using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), for zirconium and Zircaloy-4, respectively. For Zr(OH)62−; Zr(OH)4 (aq); Zr(OH)3+; and Zr(OH)22+, the Gibbs energy of formation (ΔGf, 100 °C°) was found to be −2177.4±8.5 kJ/mol, −1704.9±1.5 kJ/mol, −1808.8±8.9 kJ/mol, and −1095.1±2.7 kJ/mol, respectively.
Numerical Investigation of the Flow Structure of Cryogenic Hydrogen in Corrugated Metal Flexhoses Due to Fluid–Structure Interactions
Authors: Tran Patrick K. , Congiardo Jared F. , Fortier Craig R. , Fernandez Erik , Kapat Jayanta S. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this paper, details of flow field characteristics and pressure drop of cryogenic hydrogen in corrugated metal flexhoses will be numerically evaluated using multiphase flow physics coupled with fluid–structure interactions. Multiphase flow regime is often influenced by concentration ratio, shape factor, and orientation of the piping. Corrugated metal flexhoses are commonly used as part of cryogenic commodity transportation for their ability to operate in a large range of temperatures and pressures with a high degree of geometric flexibility. These sharp changes in the geometry of the flexhose convolutions are one of the leading factors of liquid and gas phase entrainment which can significantly reduce the efficiency of piping systems and fuel delivery systems to the engine components. The entrained gas-phase hydrogen can eventually propagate in successive convolutes leading into the permanent entrapment of the gas-phase hydrogen in the corrugations. The volume fraction up to 5% gas phase with various convolute heights and pitch will be evaluated, with a hose length to diameter ratio (L/D) range between 20 and 60 and a Reynolds number range between 5000 and 350,000 based on the hose hydraulic diameter. The findings of the study contribute to a better understanding of multiphase flow physics of hydrogen in corrugated metal flexhoses.
Experimental Investigation on Leakage and Frictional Heat Generation Characteristics of Low Hysteresis Brush Seals
Authors: Li Pengfei , Hu Yaping , Hou Yuhang , Ji Honghu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Low hysteresis brush seals are frequently used in systems operating at a high speed in environments featuring a high temperature and pressure. The high-speed rotor comes into contact with the bottom end of the bristles of the brush seal in such scenarios to generate a significant amount of frictional heat, which directly affects its sealing performance and service life, while a high temperature can increase the magnitude of its friction-induced heat. In this study, we report the cyclical testing of a low hysteresis brush seal while increasing and decreasing the speed of the rotor under varying differences in the pressure and temperature. We focus on the characteristics of leakage, hysteresis effect, and temperature rise at the bottom end of the bristles of the brush seal owing to frictional heat. The results showed that the volume of leakage increased at a high temperature under a strong hysteresis effect and a small rise in the temperature. Moreover, as the speed of the rotor exceeded 6000 rpm, the temperature of the system increased rapidly owing to frictional heat. During the speed decrease stage, the temperature rise decreased sharply and then gradually until it became nearly constant. The hysteresis effect resulted in a lower temperature rise during the decrease in the speed of the rotor compared with that during an increase in its speed. While the low hysteresis structure can effectively reduce hysteresis effect compared with that of the conventional brush seal, it induced greater leakage. It is necessary to choose a pressure relief chamber of a suitable size to minimize leakage. Furthermore, the low hysteresis brush seal exhibited a smaller friction temperature rise than the conventional seal, where this is beneficial for its service life.
On the Optimum Distribution of Multiple Helmholtz Resonators for Annular Combustors
Authors: Chen Hongwei , Yin Liming , Liu Xiaopei , Chen Mingmin , Yang Dong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The combustors of many modern land-based gas turbines and aero-engines are annular. This kind of combustors often suffer from thermoacoustic oscillations, with the occurrence of mostly the circumferential first-order, second-order, and third-order oscillation modes in the annular combustion chamber. This could cause severe pressure oscillations in the combustor, which may increase noise and NOx emissions, affect the safe operation of the engine and even cause irreversible damages to the structure. To solve this problem, passive control methods are widely used—adding passive acoustic dampers such as Helmholtz resonators (HRs). Depending on the type and number of HRs, and the possible positions over the circumference to install them, there could easily have millions, or even billions, of possible arrangement patterns. Finding a good design is the key to solve this problem. In this paper, we perform a theoretical and numerical study of an annular combustor installed with multiple types of HRs over the circumference. First, a simple annular duct with arbitrary distributions of these HRs is studied analytically by solving the nonlinear eigenvalue problem of a one-dimensional network model. Based on the results of the analytical method, the impact of the HRs on the acoustic modes of the combustion chamber is studied and the optimum arrangement of multiple resonators is obtained. This arrangement usually gives a null (or small) mode splitting strength and a good damping effect. Finally, we apply the optimum arrangement to damp the thermoacoustic modes that have been captured by numerical simulation for a real annular combustor. We use numerical simulations based on solving the three-dimensional Helmholtz equation in COMSOL to verify the feasibility of the optimum arrangement.
Making the Invisible, Visible: An Exploration of Track-and-Field Coaches’ Perspectives of Their Planning Processes
Authors: Johns Karen L. , Potrac Paul , Hayes Philip R. 
Published: August 2024

Purpose: The traditional understanding of how coaches plan for sporting performance is rooted in the assumption that coaches create periodized plans underpinned by physiological principles, thereby providing scientific credibility to their work. In contrast, there remains a paucity of literature exploring how coaches understand or think about their planning practices. The purpose of this study was to generate new knowledge regarding what information coaches actually consider within their planning processes and how they actually approach the task of planning. Method: Using rigorous, in-depth interviews, this study examined athletics coaches’ understandings of their everyday planning practices, in an attempt to contribute to narrowing the gap between academic research and real-world application. Twenty-eight highly experienced, high-performance track-and-field coaches based in England (female, n = 1; male, n = 27) were recruited. The coaches were from the throwing disciplines (n = 10) and endurance running (n = 18). Coaches were interviewed about their planning process, using a maximum of 3 semistructured interviews per coach, spaced across a full athletics season. In total, this generated 68 hours of data. Results: The analysis demonstrated that, while the participant coaches utilized the principles of periodization, their planning activities were not limited to this issue. The findings highlighted how the coaches conceptualized successful athletic performance in a holistic way; that is, planning is multifaceted in nature. Conclusion: This study presents a holistic picture of the complexity of coaches’ planning, detailing the considerable time and attention given to planning for athletes’ psychological, personal, and social development, to enhance athlete performance and development.