bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A selection of distinguished papers from the 19th Working Conference on Reverse Engineering 2012
Authors: Oliveto Rocco , Poshyvanyk Denys 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTThis special issue contains a selection of distinguished papers from the 19th Working Conference on Reverse Engineering, held in Kingston, Ontario, Canada on October 15th–18th, 2012. The papers address a variety of topics related to reverse engineering, namely the analysis of execution traces, development of fast and efficient forward static slicing techniques, and mining of software repositories aiming at deriving novel patterns related to reverse engineering activities, such as the migration in Java libraries and the analysis of effects of file editing patterns on source code quality. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Value of Preparation in a Systems Engineering Masters Module: A Longitudinal Case Study
Authors: Benade Siebert , Callaghan Ronel 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTThis research emanates from a systems‐oriented process of investigation into the educational approach of masters in engineering management programmes in order to find ways to improve student through‐put rate and the quality of learning. The document describes the educational process, with specific emphasis on student preparedness, including the value and impact of a pivotal preparation test. This process is guided by constructive alignment; learning cycles through interactive blended teaching; and a focus on student learning. A longitudinal descriptive case study of the programmes was undertaken, focusing on a systems engineering module, which is integral to all masters programmes. The case is described with regard to its context; the educational process and teaching approach; and an educational and statistical analysis of the preparation test.The main contribution of the paper is the resulting structured, holistic, and integrated education process, designed to address the challenges, including a specific focus on student preparation and the pivotal preparation test. A clear link was established between student preparedness and the subsequent levels of teaching and learning. The preparation test was found to be on the relevant cognitive level; a predictor of course success; influencing positively the motivation of students; as well as impacting on the adaptation of the educational process. The use of the adapted Bloom's taxonomy to evaluate cognitive levels of an intervention; the application of learning cycles and constructive alignment; as well as the impact of a preparation test, can significantly enhance the quality of the education process and consequently, student through‐put rates.
An efficient tabu search for cell planning problem in mobile communication
Authors: Lin Chun‐Hung Richard , Liao Hung‐Jen , Lin Ying‐Chih , Liu Jain‐Shing , Huang Yu‐Hsiu 
Published: November 2014

AbstractDuring the past decades, mobile communication is in the vigorous development, where the cell planning problem (CPP) is one of impressive research issues. CPP has been proved to be NP‐Complete, and many works develop intelligent heuristic search strategies to solve it. Among many factors to affect the cell planning, the major one is the signaling cost, where the location management is critical to the cost. In this paper, we focus on how to tackle CPP such that the signaling cost can be minimized. We adopt a meta‐heuristic iterative search algorithm, Tabu Search (TS), to deal with the cell planning issue for the base station and propose novel designs to improve the TS capability, including initialization and neighbor swap strategy. The simulation results reveal that our TS outperforms traditional TS, genetic algorithms, and several previous works in CPP. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MANCL: a multi‐anchor nodes collaborative localization algorithm for underwater acoustic sensor networks
Authors: Han Guangjie , Zhang Chenyu , Liu Tongqing , Shu Lei 
Published: November 2014

AbstractLocalization is an essential and major issue for underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs). Almost all the applications in UASNs are closely related to the locations of sensors. In this paper, we propose a multi‐anchor nodes collaborative localization (MANCL) algorithm, a three‐dimensional (3D) localization scheme using anchor nodes and upgrade anchor nodes within two hops for UASNs. The MANCL algorithm divides the whole localization process into four sub‐processes: unknown node localization process, iterative location estimation process, improved 3D Euclidean distance estimation process, and 3D DV‐hop distance estimation process based on two‐hop anchor nodes. In the third sub‐process, we propose a communication mechanism and a vote mechanism to determine the temporary coordinates of unknown nodes. In the fourth sub‐process, we use two‐hop anchor nodes to help localize unknown nodes. We also evaluate and compare the proposed algorithm with a large‐scale localization algorithm through simulations. Results show that the proposed MANCL algorithm can perform better with regard to localization ratio, average localization error, and energy consumption in UASNs. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Silver(I) Iodide Complex of a Tellurophosphorane
Authors: Nordheider Andreas , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Woollins J. Derek , Chivers Tristram 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe formation and structural characterization of the first coordination complex of the tellurophosphorane [tBu(H)NP(μ‐NtBu)2P(Te)N(H)tBu] are presented. The silver(I) iodide complex {(I)Ag[tBu(H)NP(μ‐NtBu)2P(Te)N(H)tBu]3} (2) was isolated from the reaction of [Li(TMEDA)]2[tBuN(Te)P(μ‐NtBu)2P(Te)NtBu)] (1) with AgI in toluene and characterized by X‐ray analysis and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. Complex 2 is comprised of three tellurophosphorane ligands coordinated to AgI in a distorted tetrahedral arrangement [102.90(3)–114.51(5)o]. The P=Te bond lengths of 2.3883(13)–2.4043(17) Å in 2 are slightly elongated compared to those in the free ligand.
Formation of Coordination Polymers and Complexes at Room Temperature from Thiazole and Lanthanide‐trichlorides
Authors: Dannenbauer Nicole , Constantinidis Philipp , Fischer Ingo , Müller‐Buschbaum Klaus 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSeven lanthanide containing strand‐like coordination polymers and dimeric complexes were obtained in a reversible reaction from 1, 3‐thiazole (thz) and LnCl3 (Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd). The reactions do not require activation and render coordination polymers accessible at room temperature, already. The product constitutions depend on the lanthanide and the thiazole‐to‐halide ratio. For lanthanum and cerium formation of the coordination polymers 1∞[LnCl3(thz)3]·thz as well as dimeric complexes [Ln2Cl6(thz)8]·3thz were observed. For praseodymium and neodymium dimeric complexes were observed with and without non‐coordinating thz. Upon heating, the compounds release thiazole under re‐formation of LnCl3, the formation reaction thus being a thermally reversible reaction. Compounds and conversion processes were characterized by temperature dependent X‐ray powder and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, in‐situ temperature dependent gas phase IR spectroscopy, DTA/TG, and elemental analysis.
Mineralogy and geochemistry of clay fractions from different saprolites, Egypt: implications for the source of sedimentary kaolin deposits
Authors: Baioumy Hassan M. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The clay fractions of saprolites from granites, basalt, and schists in Egypt were subjected to mineralogical and geochemical investigations to examine the effect of source rock on the composition of the saprolites and the possibilities of these saprolites as a source of the nearby sedimentary kaolin deposits. The clay fractions of the studied saprolites show mineralogical and geochemical variations. Saprolites from the granites consist of kaolinite, while saprolites from the basalts are composed entirely of smectite. Schists-derived saprolites are composed of kaolinite in some cases and of a mixture of kaolinite, illite, and chlorite in the other. Saprolite from the basalt is characterized by relatively higher contents of TiO2 and Ni compared to the saprolites from granites. Saprolites from granites have higher contents of Ba, Li, Pb, Sr, Th, Y, and Zr compared to those of the saprolites from the basalts and schists. Saprolites from different schists show variations in the distributions of many constituents, such as TiO2, Cr, Ni, Ba, Y, and Zr. Although chondrite-normalized rare earth elements (REE) patterns are characterized by relative enrichments in the light rare earth elements (LREE) compared to the heavy rare earth elements (HREE) in all saprolites, granitic saprolites show negative Eu anomalies, while saprolite from basalt has no Eu anomaly. REE patterns of the saprolites from schists exhibit slight positive Ce anomalies and slight to moderate negative Eu anomalies. Weathering of saprolites from the basalt and metasediments is classified as the bisiallitization type, while weathering of saprolite from the granite is allitization type. Saprolites from schists vary from the bisiallitization (Aswan and Abu Natash) and allitization (Khaboba) types. Saprolites from the Khaboba schist can be considered the possible source of the Carboniferous kaolin deposits in the Hasber and Khaboba areas of Sinai, based on the similarity in the mineralogy and geochemistry of major, trace, and REE between the saprolites and the deposits. On the other hand, Carboniferous sedimentary kaolin deposits in the Abu Natash area, as well as the Cretaceous kaolin deposits in all areas of Sinai, might have been derived from the nearby schist saprolites, based on the similarity in the mineralogy and geochemistry between the saprolites and the kaolin deposits. Granites from the Arabian-Nubian Shield (ANS) and East Sahara Craton (ESC) are the possible sources of the pisolitic and plastic kaolin deposits in the Kalabsha area (Aswan), as indicated by the similarity in the mineralogy and geochemistry of the granitic saprolites and the kaolin deposits.
Isidore's Etymologiae at the school of Canterbury
Authors: Porter David W. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis article demonstrates that some 180 of the 2,400 text glosses in the ‘Leiden Glossary’ derive from an epitome of the Etymologiae. A reconstruction of this lost source shows that it consisted of abbreviated entries from all twenty of Isidore's books, with selected books heavily glossed in Old English. Mirroring the encyclopedic scope of the Etymologiae, this seventh-century epitome was extensively excerpted by glossary-compilers and gave thousands of English words their first written form.
The audience for Old English texts: Ælfric, rhetoric and ‘the edification of the simple’
Authors: Gittos Helen 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThere is a persistent view that Old English texts were mostly written to be read or heard by people with no knowledge of Latin, or little understanding of it, especially the laity. This is not surprising because it is what the texts themselves tend to say. In this article I argue that these statements about audience reflect two rhetorical devices and should not be understood literally. This has implications for our understanding of the reasons why writers chose to use Old English and their attitudes towards translation of various kinds into the vernacular.
Kings and books in Anglo-Saxon England
Authors: Pratt David 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis article examines the evidence for books associated with kings in Anglo-Saxon England, making the case for the ninth century as the key period of change. A wide variety of books were probably present in the household of later Anglo-Saxon kings. There was a degree of connection between the gift of books by kings and practices of ownership. The donation of gospel-books to favoured churches played a distinctive role, emphasizing the king's position in ecclesiastical leadership. In a number of cases, gospel-books associated with kings subsequently acted as a repository for documents, entered in blank spaces or additional leaves by scribes at the recipient church. Certain aspects of this practice strengthen the case for identifying two late Anglo-Saxon gospel-books as royal gifts. Books given by kings had a numinous quality arising from their royal associations. The possible strategies underpinning the dissemination of this ‘royal’ culture are explored.
Ammonium, nitrate and glycine uptake of six Ecuadorian tropical montane forest tree species: anin situpot experiment with saplings
Authors: Wittich Bärbel , Homeier Jürgen , Leuschner Christoph 
Published: November 2014

Abstract:Not much is known about the nitrogen (N) uptake capacity and N-form preference of tropical trees. In a replicated labelling experiment with15N-ammonium,15N-nitrate and dual-labelled glycine applied to saplings of six tree species from southern Ecuadorian montane forests, we tested the hypotheses that (1) the saplings of tropical trees are capable of using organic N even though they are forming arbuscular mycorrhizas, and (2) with increasing altitude, tree saplings increasingly prefer ammonium and glycine over nitrate due to reduced nitrification and growing humus accumulation. Three- to 5-y-old saplings of two species each from 1000, 2000 and 3000 m asl were grown in pots inside the forest at their origin and labelled with non-fertilizing amounts of the three N forms;15N enrichment was detected 5 days after labelling in fine roots, coarse roots, shoots and leaves. The six species differed with respect to their N-form preference, but neither the abundance of ammonium and nitrate in the soil nor altitude (1000–3000 m asl) seemed to influence the preference. Two species (those with highest growth rate) preferred NH4+over NO3−, while the other four species took up NO3−and NH4+at similar rates when both N forms were equally available. After13C-glycine addition,13C was significantly accumulated in the biomass of three species (all species with exclusively AM symbionts) but a convincing proof of the uptake of intact glycine molecules by these tropical montane forest trees was not obtained.
Crowd Behavior at Mass Gatherings: A Literature Review
Authors: Zeitz Kathryn M. , Tan Heather M. , Grief M , Couns PC , Zeitz Christopher J. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractGaining an understanding of crowd behavior is important in supporting timely and appropriate crowd management principles in the planning and provision of emergency services at mass gatherings. This paper provides a review of the current understanding of the psychological factors of a crowd within the psychosocial domain as they apply to mass-gathering settings.It can be concluded from this review that there is a large theory-practice gap in relation to crowd psychology and the mass-gathering setting. The literature has highlighted two important elements of crowd behavior—there must be a “seed” and people must engage. Understanding these behaviors may provide opportunities to change crowd behavior outcomes.
Stigma and its impact on help-seeking for mental disorders: what do we know?
Authors: Schomerus Georg , Angermeyer Matthias C. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryAims – Many people suffering from serious mental illness do not seek appropriate medical help. The stigma of mental illness has often been considered a potential cause for reluctance in seeking help. We review recent evidence on this topic. Methods – Narrative review of the recent literature on stigma and helpseeking for psychiatric disorders. Results – There is proof of a particular stigma attached to seeking help for a mental problem. Anticipated individual discrimination and discrimination qua self-stigmatisation are associated with a reduced readiness to seek professional help for mental disorders. Intervention studies show that destigmatisation may lead to increased readiness to seek professional help, but other aspects like knowledge about mental diseases seem to be at least as important. The belief that seeking help for a mental health problem is actually helpful has been shown to be at the core of help-seeking intentions and thus offers a promising target for information programmes. Population based time-trend studies show that public attitudes towards help-seeking have improved over the last decade. Discussion – The relationship between help-seeking intentions and actual help-seeking needs further exploration. While many studies have been able to relate attitudes to intentions, predicting actual help-seeking has proved more difficult.Declaration of Interest: None.
Non-additivity of molecule-surface van der Waals potentials from force measurements
Authors: Wagner Christian , Fournier Norman , Ruiz Victor G. , Li Chen , Müllen Klaus , Rohlfing Michael , Tkatchenko Alexandre , Temirov Ruslan , Tautz F. Stefan 
Published: November 2014

AbstractVan der Waals (vdW) forces act ubiquitously in condensed matter. Despite being weak on an atomic level, they substantially influence molecular and biological systems due to their long range and system-size scaling. The difficulty to isolate and measure vdW forces on a single-molecule level causes our present understanding to be strongly theory based. Here we show measurements of the attractive potential between differently sized organic molecules and a metal surface using an atomic force microscope. Our choice of molecules and the large molecule-surface separation cause this attraction to be purely of vdW type. The experiment allows testing the asymptotic vdW force law and its validity range. We find a superlinear growth of the vdW attraction with molecular size, originating from the increased deconfinement of electrons in the molecules. Because such non-additive vdW contributions are not accounted for in most first-principles or empirical calculations, we suggest further development in that direction.
DNA methylation signatures link prenatal famine exposure to growth and metabolism
Authors: Tobi Elmar W. , Goeman Jelle J. , Monajemi Ramin , Gu Hongcang , Putter Hein , Zhang Yanju , Slieker Roderick C. , Stok Arthur P. , Thijssen Peter E. , Müller Fabian , van Zwet Erik W. , Bock Christoph , Meissner Alexander , Lumey L. H. , Eline Slagboom P. , Heijmans Bastiaan T. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractPericonceptional diet may persistently influence DNA methylation levels with phenotypic consequences. However, a comprehensive assessment of the characteristics of prenatal malnutrition-associated differentially methylated regions (P-DMRs) is lacking in humans. Here we report on a genome-scale analysis of differential DNA methylation in whole blood after periconceptional exposure to famine during the Dutch Hunger Winter. We show that P-DMRs preferentially occur at regulatory regions, are characterized by intermediate levels of DNA methylation and map to genes enriched for differential expression during early development. Validation and further exploratory analysis of six P-DMRs highlight the critical role of gestational timing. Interestingly, differential methylation of the P-DMRs extends along pathways related to growth and metabolism. P-DMRs located in INSR and CPT1A have enhancer activity in vitro and differential methylation is associated with birth weight and serum LDL cholesterol. Epigenetic modulation of pathways by prenatal malnutrition may promote an adverse metabolic phenotype in later life.
Community-integrated omics links dominance of a microbial generalist to fine-tuned resource usage
Authors: Muller Emilie E. L. , Pinel Nicolás , Laczny Cédric C. , Hoopmann Michael R. , Narayanasamy Shaman , Lebrun Laura A. , Roume Hugo , Lin Jake , May Patrick , Hicks Nathan D. , Heintz-Buschart Anna , Wampach Linda , Liu Cindy M. , Price Lance B. , Gillece John D. , Guignard Cédric , Schupp James M. , Vlassis Nikos , Baliga Nitin S. , Moritz Robert L. , Keim Paul S. , Wilmes Paul 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMicrobial communities are complex and dynamic systems that are primarily structured according to their members’ ecological niches. To investigate how niche breadth (generalist versus specialist lifestyle strategies) relates to ecological success, we develop and apply an integrative workflow for the multi-omic analysis of oleaginous mixed microbial communities from a biological wastewater treatment plant. Time- and space-resolved coupled metabolomic and taxonomic analyses demonstrate that the community-wide lipid accumulation phenotype is associated with the dominance of the generalist bacterium Candidatus Microthrix spp. By integrating population-level genomic reconstructions (reflecting fundamental niches) with transcriptomic and proteomic data (realised niches), we identify finely tuned gene expression governing resource usage by Candidatus Microthrix parvicella over time. Moreover, our results indicate that the fluctuating environmental conditions constrain the accumulation of genetic variation in Candidatus Microthrix parvicella likely due to fitness trade-offs. Based on our observations, niche breadth has to be considered as an important factor for understanding the evolutionary processes governing (microbial) population sizes and structures in situ.
Contrasting benefits of different artemisinin combination therapies as first-line malaria treatments using model-based cost-effectiveness analysis
Authors: Okell Lucy C. , Cairns Matthew , Griffin Jamie T. , Ferguson Neil M. , Tarning Joel , Jagoe George , Hugo Pierre , Baker Mark , D’Alessandro Umberto , Bousema Teun , Ubben David , Ghani Azra C. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThere are currently several recommended drug regimens for uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Africa. Each has different properties that determine its impact on disease burden. Two major antimalarial policy options are artemether–lumefantrine (AL) and dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine (DHA–PQP). Clinical trial data show that DHA–PQP provides longer protection against reinfection, while AL is better at reducing patient infectiousness. Here we incorporate pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic factors, transmission-reducing effects and cost into a mathematical model and simulate malaria transmission and treatment in Africa, using geographically explicit data on transmission intensity and seasonality, population density, treatment access and outpatient costs. DHA–PQP has a modestly higher estimated impact than AL in 64% of the population at risk. Given current higher cost estimates for DHA–PQP, there is a slightly greater cost per case averted, except in areas with high, seasonally varying transmission where the impact is particularly large. We find that a locally optimized treatment policy can be highly cost effective for reducing clinical malaria burden.
A Mechanistic Systems Pharmacology Model for Prediction of LDL Cholesterol Lowering by PCSK9 Antagonism in Human Dyslipidemic Populations
Authors: Gadkar K , Budha N , Baruch A , Davis J D , Fielder P , Ramanujan S 
Published: November 2014

PCSK9 is a promising target for the treatment of hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular disease. A Quantitative Systems Pharmacology model of the mechanisms of action of statin and anti‐PCSK9 therapies was developed to predict low density lipoprotein (LDL) changes in response to anti‐PCSK9 mAb for different treatment protocols and patient subpopulations. Mechanistic interactions and cross‐regulation of LDL, LDL receptor, and PCSK9 were modeled, and numerous virtual subjects were developed and validated against clinical data. Simulations predict a slightly greater maximum percent reduction in LDL cholesterol (LDLc) when anti‐PCSK9 is administered on statin background therapy compared to as a monotherapy. The difference results primarily from higher PCSK9 levels in patients on statin background. However, higher PCSK9 levels are also predicted to increase clearance of anti‐PCSK9, resulting in a faster rebound of LDLc. Simulations of subjects with impaired LDL receptor (LDLR) function predict compromised anti‐PCSK9 responses in patients such as homozygous familial hypercholesterolemics, whose functional LDLR is below 10% of normal.CPT Pharmacometrics Syst. Pharmacol. (2014) 3, e149; doi:10.1038/psp.2014.47; published online 26 November 2014