bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolomic Profiling of Children’s Brains Undergoing General Anesthesia with Sevoflurane and Propofol
Authors: Jacob Zvi , Li Haifang , Makaryus Rany , Zhang Shaonan , Reinsel Ruth , Lee Hedok , Feng Tian , Rothman Douglas L. , Benveniste Helene 
Published: August 2012

Background
We recently applied proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (HMRS) to investigate metabolic consequences of general anesthesia in the rodent brain, and discovered that isoflurane anesthesia was characterized by higher concentrations of lactate, glutamate, and glucose in comparison with propofol. We hypothesized that the metabolomic differences between an inhalant and intravenous anesthetic observed in the rodent brain could be reproduced in the human brain.

Methods
HMRS-based metabolomic profiling was applied to characterize the cerebral metabolic status of 59 children undergoing magnetic resonance imaging during anesthesia with either sevoflurane or propofol. HMRS scans were acquired in the parietal cortex after approximately 60 min of anesthesia. Upon emergence the children were assessed using the pediatric anesthesia emergence delirium scale.

Results
With sevoflurane anesthesia, the metabolic signature consisted of higher concentrations of lactate and glucose compared with children anesthetized with propofol. Further, a correlation and stepwise regression analysis performed on emergence delirium scores in relation to the metabolic status revealed that lactate and glucose correlated positively and total creatine negatively with the emergence delirium score.

Conclusions
Our results demonstrating higher glucose and lactate with sevoflurane in the human brain compared with propofol could reflect greater neuronal activity with sevofluane resulting in enhanced glutamate-neurotransmitter cycling, increased glycolysis, and lactate shuttling from astrocytes to neurons or mitochondrial dysfunction. Further, the association between emergence delirium and lactate suggests that anesthesia-induced enhanced cortical activity in the unconscious state may interfere with rapid return to "coherent" brain connectivity patterns required for normal cognition upon emergence of anesthesia.
Superiority of Desflurane over Sevoflurane and Isoflurane in the Presence of Pressure-overload Right Ventricle Hypertrophy in Rats
Authors: Blaudszun Grégoire , Morel Denis R. 
Published: August 2012

Background
Pulmonary hypertension and associated pressure-overload right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy represent a tremendous challenge for the anesthesiologist, as optimal perioperative management is mandatory. However, the ideal anesthetic agent remains unknown because scientific evidence is lacking.

Methods
Twenty-eight rats were randomly assigned to a control or a monocrotaline group (60 mg kg). Four weeks later, animals were anesthetized, instrumented with a RV conductance catheter, and underwent well-controlled dose-responses to isoflurane, desflurane, and sevoflurane inhalation (minimum alveolar concentrations 0.5, 1.0, 1.5).

Results
Compared with controls, rats injected with monocrotaline presented with RV hypertrophy, increased afterload, and contractility, without change in cardiac output. The ratio of pressures in the right over the left circulation increased. The halogenated volatiles differently altered hemodynamics. Sevoflurane reduced RV contractility (more than 50%) and the right over left pressures ratio increased (from 0.41 ± 0.08 [SD] to 0.82 ± 0.14; P < 0.0001) secondary to profound concomitant systemic vasodilation, demonstrating a critical pressure gradient between right and left circulations. Despite significantly higher RV systolic pressures and afterload, desflurane decreased RV contractility much less (<10%; P < 0.0001 vs. sevoflurane) and maintained the right over left pressures ratio at more favorable values (0.47 ± 0.07; P < 0.0001 vs. sevoflurane). Isoflurane presented intermediate effects.

Conclusion
In the presence of pressure-overload RV hypertrophy, hemodynamics are better preserved under desflurane inhalation, whereas sevoflurane-and to a lesser extent isoflurane-cause large discrepancies on the left and right circulations, raising the right over left pressures ratio to critical levels despite a conserved cardiac output.
Macromolecular Capillary Leakage Is Involved in the Onset of Anaphylactic Hypotension
Authors: Faye Nathalie , Fournier Laure , Balvay Daniel , Thiam Rokhaya , Orliaguet Gilles , Clément Olivier , Dewachter Pascale 
Published: August 2012

Background
The role of the hypovolemic component secondary to the microcirculatory changes in the onset of inaugural anaphylactic hypotension remains debated. We investigated the microcirculatory permeability in a model of anaphylactic shock using a fluorescence confocal microscopy imaging system.

Methods
Ovalbumin-sensitized anesthetized Brown Norway rats were randomly allocated into two groups (n = 6/group): control and anaphylaxis, respectively induced by intravenous saline or ovalbumin at time 0 (T0). The mesentery was surgically exposed. Macromolecular fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran was intravenously injected (T0-5min) allowing in vivo visualization of the mesenteric microvascular network by fluorescence microscopy. After a period of stabilization of the contrast agent concentration, a 5-s movie was recorded to obtain baseline signal intensity. Following T0, 5-s movies were recorded every 30 s for 30 min. Capillary leakage of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran was assessed in interstitium and compared between groups. Data are expressed as mean ± SD.

Results
Following anaphylactic shock onset, an early, progressive, and global signal intensity increase over time was detected in the interstitium. Mean index leakage differed between control and anaphylaxis (respectively 20 ± 11 vs. 170 ± 127%; P < 0.0001), starting at 2 min after shock onset and progressively increasing. Index leakage correlated with the drop in arterial blood pressure until T0 + 10 min (r = -0.75, P = 0.0001).

Conclusions
During anaphylaxis, interstitial capillary leakage occurs within minutes after shock onset. Compared with controls, the mesenteric microcirculation showed at least 8-fold-increased macromolecular capillary leakage. The inflammation-induced microcirculatory changes with subsequent intravascular fluid transfer might be involved in the onset of the inaugural hypotension during anaphylactic shock.
Nasopharyngeal suctioning does not produce a salivary cortisol reaction in preterm infants
Authors: Ivars Katrin , Nelson Nina , Finnström Orvar , Mörelius Evalotte 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAim:  To investigate whether nasopharyngeal suctioning produces a physiological and behavioural stress reaction in preterm infants and if a possible reaction can be dampened by sweet solution.Methods:  Eleven preterm infants were randomly assigned to receive either 30% oral glucose or nothing prior to morning nasopharyngeal suctioning; the procedure was reversed in the afternoon. The study included a total of 44 samples from preterm infants evaluated with salivary cortisol, pain score (Visual Analogue Scale), heart rate, oxygen saturation and recovery time through the Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program. For reference, 44 samples from eleven full‐term infants were evaluated for salivary cortisol.Results:  Regardless of whether or not preterm infants received glucose before nasopharyngeal suctioning, no statistically significant difference was found in salivary cortisol reactivity, pain score, heart rate, oxygen saturation or recovery time. Nor were any statistically significant differences between salivary cortisol baseline and response values found in full‐term infants after nasopharyngeal suctioning.Conclusion:  In the present setting, nasopharyngeal suctioning was not stressful enough to increase salivary cortisol or pain score. Oral glucose did not alter salivary cortisol levels.
DNA methylation analysis of ALOX12 and GSTM1 in acute myeloid leukaemia identifies prognostically significant groups
Authors: Ohgami Robert S. , Ma Lisa , Ren Li , Weinberg Olga K. , Seetharam Mahesh , Gotlib Jason R. , Arber Daniel A. 
Published: August 2012

SummaryTo determine the role of DNA methylation in the progression of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), we analysed the methylation status of ALOX12, GSTM1, HS3ST2 and FZD9 in 127 AML patients. Aberrant methylation of ALOX12 was associated with the subcategory AML with myelodysplasia‐related changes (P = 0·0439) and specifically with megakaryocytic dysplasia (P = 0·0003). An association between HS3ST2 and AML patients with favourable cytogenetic risk was identified (P = 0·0469). In univariate and multivariate analysis, methylation of GSTM1 was associated with worse overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS), with hazard ratios of 2·57 and 1·86, respectively. Furthermore, the significance of methylation of GSTM1 in predicting poor prognosis was maintained within the subcategories of AML not otherwise specified (NOS), AML with intermediate cytogenetic risk and normal karyotype AML. Finally, patients with both GSTM1 and ALOX12 methylated, demonstrated worse outcomes when all AML patients were assessed (OS; P = 0·000411) as well as within AML NOS (DFS; P = 0·0023), AML with intermediate cytogenetic risk (OS; P = 0·0104) and normal karyotype AML (OS; P = 0·00636). This study implicates methylation of specific genes in the classification and prognostication of AML and suggests that the morphological feature of multilineage dysplasia may be a surrogate marker of gene methylation in at least a subset of AML cases.
Emerging pathogens and their implications for the blood supply and transfusion transmitted infections
Authors: Dodd Roger Y. 
Published: August 2012

SummaryThe threat of infection by conventional transfusion‐transmitted agents has been essentially eliminated from the blood supply in developed countries, thus focusing attention on the potential risk from emerging infections. Over recent years, actions have been taken to manage a number of such risks to blood safety. These illustrate the inherent variability of the agents concerned and of the measures needed to define and control the risk.
HLA‐DQ strikes again: Genome‐wide association study further confirms HLA‐DQ in the diagnosis of asthma among adults
Authors: Lasky‐Su J. , Himes B. E. , Raby B. A. , Klanderman B. J. , Sylvia J. Senter , Lange C. , Melen E. , Martinez F. D. , Israel E. , Gauderman J. , Gilliland F. , Sleiman P. , Hakonarson H. , Celedón J. C. , Soto‐Quiros M. , Avila L. , Lima J. J. , Irvin C. G. , Peters S. P. , Boushey H. , Chinchilli V. M. , Mauger D. , Tantisira K. , Weiss S. T. ,   and for the SHARP investigators
Published: August 2012

SummaryBackgroundAsthma is a common chronic respiratory disease in children and adults. An important genetic component to asthma susceptibility has long been recognized, most recently through the identification of several genes (e.g., ORMDL3, PDE4D, HLA‐DQ, and TLE4) via genome‐wide association studies.ObjectiveTo identify genetic variants associated with asthma affection status using genome‐wide association data.MethodsWe describe results from a genome‐wide association study on asthma performed in 3855 subjects using a panel of 455 089 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).ResultThe genome‐wide association study resulted in the prioritization of 33 variants for immediate follow‐up in a multi‐staged replication effort. Of these, a common polymorphism (rs9272346) localizing to within 1 Kb of HLA‐DQA1 (chromosome 6p21.3) was associated with asthma in adults (P‐value = 2.2E‐08) with consistent evidence in the more heterogeneous group of adults and children (P‐value = 1.0E‐04). Moreover, some genes identified in prior asthma GWAS were nominally associated with asthma in our populations.ConclusionOverall, our findings further replicate the HLA‐DQ region in the pathogenesis of asthma. HLA‐DQA1 is the fourth member of the HLA family found to be associated with asthma, in addition to the previously identified HLA‐DRA, HLA‐DQB1 and HLA‐DQA2.
Efficacy of IGF‐based growth hormone (GH) dosing in nonGH‐deficient (nonGHD) short stature children with low IGF‐I is not related to basal IGF‐I levels
Authors: Cohen Pinchas , Rogol Alan D. , Weng Wayne , Kappelgaard Anne‐Marie , Rosenfeld Ron G. , Germak John ,   The American Norditropin Study Group
Published: August 2012

SummaryObjectiveWeight‐based GH dosing is the standard for treating children with short stature. The current study validates the usefulness of IGF‐based GH dosing for GH therapy in nonGH‐deficient (nonGHD) children and its relationship with pretreatment serum IGF‐I concentration.Design and PatientsIn this twelve‐month, open‐label, randomized controlled study, 151 nonGHD (based on GH‐stimulation tests), prepubertal children with short stature and IGF‐I levels ≤ 33rd percentile [–0·44 standard deviation score (SDS)] were randomly assigned to receive GH (dose based on IGF‐I titration algorithm; n = 114) or to observation (n = 37). GH dose (initially 40 μg/kg/d) was adjusted every 3 months to achieve an IGF‐I SDS in the upper normal range (66–99th percentile).Measurements and ResultsIn treated children, mean height SDS (HSDS) increased from −2·5 at baseline to −1·7 at 12 months and mean IGF‐I SDS increased from −1·7 to 0·1. These parameters remained unchanged in untreated children. There was no relationship between change in HSDS (ΔHSDS) and degree of IGF‐I deficiency at baseline. No safety problems were observed. Both groups had a similar advance in bone age. At the end of study, ΔHSDS in treated children showed a positive correlation with IGF‐I SDS, but not with GH dose [mean 59 μg/kg/d (range 29–92)], basal IGF‐I SDS or 1‐month IGF parameters.ConclusionsIn nonGHD subjects with short stature and serum IGF‐I concentrations within and below the lower third of normal, adjusting GH dose to achieve an IGF‐I level in the upper normal range resulted in a significant increase in HSDS, regardless of basal IGF‐I levels.
Effect of platelet‐rich plasma on bone healing of fresh frozen bone allograft in mandibular defects: a histomorphometric study in dogs
Authors: Messora Michel R. , Nagata Maria J. H. , Pola Natália M. , de Campos Natália , Fucini Stephen E. , Furlaneto Flávia A. C. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjectiveThis study histologically analyzed the healing of fresh frozen bone allograft (FFBA) with or without platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) in bony defects surgically created in the mandible of dogs.Material and methodsBilateral resection defects were surgically created on the inferior border of the mandible in 10 dogs. The defects were randomly divided into three groups: C (the defect was filled by blood clot only), FFBA (the defect was filled with particulate FFBA), and FFBA/PRP (the defect was filled with particulate FFBA combined with PRP). The animals were euthanized at 12 weeks post‐surgery. Histomorphometric and histological analyses were performed. Data were statistically analyzed using Friedman test and Dunn test (P < 0.05).ResultsGroup FFBA/PRP presented a statistically greater mineralized bone area and a smaller marrow bone area than Groups FFBA and C.ConclusionsThe use of PRP improved the incorporation of FFBA, increasing the density of newly formed bone at 12 weeks post‐surgery.
Targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor in hematologic malignancies
Authors: Paesler Julian , Gehrke Iris , Poll‐Wolbeck Simon Jonas , Kreuzer Karl‐Anton 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThere exists increasing evidence that apart from solid tumors, angiogenic growth factors also play important roles in the development and/or maintenance of hematolymphoid malignancies. Thus, in these cancers, angiogenesis and bone marrow microvessel density often correlate with prognosis and disease burden. Several reports speculated on the role of angiogenesis and the resulting possible therapeutic options in hematologic malignancies. The most prominent angiogenic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), is expressed in a number of established leukemic cell lines as well as in freshly isolated human leukemias and lymphomas, and several human leukemias express VEGF receptor 1 and/or VEGF receptor 2. VEGF/VEGF‐receptor interactions are also involved in proliferation, migration, and survival of leukemic cells by autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. As a consequence, a possible drugable effect by inhibiting VEGF signaling in different hematologic malignancies has been discussed. This review focuses on angiogenesis‐independent effects of VEGF on survival and proliferation of leukemic or lymphoma cells and on possible therapeutic approaches using anti‐VEGF/VEGF‐receptor therapies to inhibit proliferation or induce apoptosis of malignant cells in hematologic diseases.
Estimating recreational harvest using interview‐based recall survey: implication of recalling in weight or numbers
Authors: Sparrevohn C. R. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractFor many overfished marine stocks, recreational fishing continues even though recovery plans are implemented and commercial landings regulated. In such cases, unbiased and precise estimates of recreational harvest are important for successful management. Harvest estimation often relies on interviewed‐based surveys where fishers are asked to recall harvest within a given timeframe. However, the importance of whether fishers are requested to provide figures in weight or number is unresolved. Therefore, a recall survey aiming at estimating recreational harvest was designed, such that respondents could report harvest using either weight or numbers. It was found that: (1) a preference for reporting in numbers dominated; (2) reported mean individual weight of fish caught, differed between units preferences; and (3) when an estimate of total harvest in weight are calculated, these difference could result in a substantial bias through the conversion from numbers to weight. Based upon these results it is recommended that recreational harvest should be requested in numbers and not weight.
Differential Expression of Human Beta Defensin 2 and 3 in Gastric Mucosa of Helicobacter pylori‐Infected Individuals
Authors: Bauer Bianca , Wex Thomas , Kuester Doerthe , Meyer Thomas , Malfertheiner Peter 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackgroundAntimicrobial peptides are key players of initial innate immune responses to human pathogens. Two major representatives, the human beta defensin 2 and 3 (hBD2 and hBD3), are both known to be regulated by, and to affect viability of, Helicobacter pylori. Previously, it was demonstrated in vitro that H. pylori actively abrogates hBD3 expression during prolonged infections. Here, we comprehensively assessed hBD2 and hBD3 expression ex vivo in the gastric mucosa of healthy individuals.Materials and MethodsTwenty volunteers (H. pylori positive and H. pylori negative: n = 10) were enrolled. Helicobacter pylori‐positive subjects underwent eradication therapy and repeated the protocol. Expression of both defensins was assessed by quantitative RT‐PCR and ELISA, and correlated with histopathologic degree of gastritis.ResultshBD2 and hBD3 were found to be ubiquitously expressed in all three groups. In general, hBD2 levels were elevated in relation to H. pylori infection (up to 40‐fold). This upregulation correlated with degree of gastritis in corpus and antrum. In contrast, hBD3 protein levels were significantly decreased, while corresponding mRNA amounts remained unchanged. Eradication therapy led to normalization of mucosal hBD2 expression, while hBD3 expression demonstrated high interindividual variations among individuals.ConclusionsBoth defensins are ubiquitously but differentially expressed in gastric mucosa in relation to H. pylori infection. Ex vivo data support the notion that H. pylori infection is associated with reduced hBD3 expression in chronic active gastritis.
PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF THE MALE ONTOGENETIC PROGRAM IN AQUATIC AND TERRESTRIAL MONOCOTYLEDONS
Authors: BLACKMORE S. , MCCONCHIE C. A. , KNOX R. B. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract—The male program of ontogeny in flowering plants encompasses the events from meiosis of microsporocytes to fertilization. Three main sequences are discussed; the deposition of cell walls, changes in cytoplasmic organelles, and the program of nuclear divisions leading to the formation of two sperm cells and a vegetative cell in each pollen grain. Variations in these ontogenetic sequences are particularly apparent in the monocotyledons, which exhibit diversity in pollen morphology, wall structure, and mode of pollination. The male program of development has been compared in selected terrestrial monocotyledons belonging to the Liliaceae and Gramineae and aquatic members of the Cymodoceaceae, Najadaceae, and Zannichelliaceae. A total of 26 characters from the male program are discussed and then used to construct a cladogram derived only from developmental data for the five species. The polarity of only a few of the character transformations has been determined directly by observation of developmental sequences; most have been interpreted by outgroup analysis.
Web‐based alcohol intervention for Māori university students: double‐blind, multi‐site randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kypri Kypros , McCambridge Jim , Vater Tina , Bowe Steven J. , Saunders John B. , Cunningham John A. , Horton Nicholas J. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAimsLike many indigenous peoples, New Zealand Māori bear a heavy burden of alcohol‐related harm relative to their non‐indigenous compatriots, and disparities are greatest among young adults. We tested the effectiveness of web‐based alcohol screening and brief intervention (e‐SBI) for reducing hazardous drinking among Māori university students.DesignParallel, double‐blind, multi‐site, randomized controlled trial.SettingSeven of New Zealand's eight universities.ParticipantsIn April 2010, we sent e‐mail invitations to all 6697 17–24‐year‐old Māori students to complete a brief web questionnaire including the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT)‐C, a screening tool for hazardous and harmful drinking. Those screening positive were computer randomized to: <10 minutes of web‐based alcohol assessment and personalized feedback (intervention) or screening alone (control).MeasurementsWe conducted a fully automated 5‐month follow‐up assessment with observers and participants blinded to study hypotheses, design and intervention delivery. Pre‐determined primary outcomes were: (i) frequency of drinking, (ii) amount consumed per typical drinking occasion, (iii) overall volume of alcohol consumed and (iv) academic problems.FindingsOf the participants, 1789 were hazardous or harmful drinkers (AUDIT‐C ≥ 4) and were randomized: 850 to control, 939 to intervention. Follow‐up assessments were completed by 682 controls (80%) and 733 intervention group members (78%). Relative to controls, participants receiving intervention drank less often [RR = 0.89; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.82–0.97], less per drinking occasion (RR = 0.92; 95% CI: 0.84–1.00), less overall (RR = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.69–0.89) and had fewer academic problems (RR = 0.81; 95% CI: 0.69–0.95).ConclusionsWeb‐based screening and brief intervention reduced hazardous and harmful drinking among non‐help‐seeking Māori students in a large‐scale pragmatic trial. The study has wider implications for behavioural intervention in the important but neglected area of indigenous health.