bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes of blood flow, oxygen tension, action potential and vascular permeability induced by arterial ischemia or venous congestion on the spinal cord in canine model
Authors: Kobayashi Shigeru , Yoshizawa Hidezo , Shimada Seiichiro , Guerrero Alexander Rodríguez , Miyachi Masaya 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIt is generally considered that the genesis of myelopathy associated with the degenerative conditions of the spine may result from both mechanical compression and circulatory disturbance. Many references about spinal cord tissue ischemic damage can be found in the literature, but not detailed studies about spinal cord microvasculature damage related to congestion or blood permeability. This study investigates the effect of ischemia and congestion on the spinal cord using an in vivo model. The aorta was clamped as an ischemia model of the spinal cord and the inferior vena cava was clamped as a congestion model at the 6th costal level for 30 min using forceps transpleurally. Measurements of blood flow, partial oxygen pressure, and conduction velocity in the spinal cord were repeated over a period of 1 h after release of clamping. Finally, we examined the status of blood‐spinal cord barrier under fluorescence and transmission electron microscope. Immediately after clamping of the inferior vena cava, the central venous pressure increased by about four times. Blood flow, oxygen tension and action potential were more severely affected by the aorta clamping; but this ischemic model did not show any changes of blood permeability in the spinal cord. The intramedullar edema was more easily produced by venous congestion than by arterial ischemia. In conclusions, venous congestion may be a preceding and essential factor of circulatory disturbance in the compressed spinal cord inducing myelopathy. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:139–146, 2012
Characterisation of commercial aromatised vinegars: phenolic compounds, volatile composition and antioxidant activity
Authors: Cejudo‐Bastante MarÍa J , Durán‐Guerrero Enrique , Natera‐Marín Ramón , Castro‐Mejías Remedios , García‐Barroso Carmelo 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackgroundNineteen commercially available aromatised vinegars, which were representative of this type of product, were tested to ascertain their phenolic and volatile composition and antioxidant activity. The aromatised vinegars came from different raw materials such as fruits, spices, herbs and vegetables. The antioxidant activity was determined by means of photochemiluminescence, phenolic profile by using ultra performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection, and the volatile composition was determined by using stir bar sorptive extraction–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry.ResultsNine polyphenolic compounds and 141 volatile compounds were identified. Vinegar aromatised with black truffle and rosemary obtained the highest values of antioxidant activity, followed by those aromatised with lemon, tarragon, aromatic herbs and vegetables. Antioxidant activity was highly correlated with the presence of trans‐p‐coutaric acid, trans‐caftaric acid, 5‐hydroxy‐methylfurfural and furfural. Moreover, (Z)‐3‐hexen‐1‐ol was exclusive to the vinegar aromatised with tarragon, while p‐menth‐1,8‐ol, dimethyl styrene, 4‐methyl acetophenone and nootkatone were only found in vinegar aromatised with lemon.ConclusionOn the basis of the results from the cluster analysis of cases, it can be concluded that the grouping responds more to the trademark of each vinegar than to the raw material.
Facile and Efficient Fabrication of Photoresponsive Microgels via Thiol–Michael Addition
Authors: Zhang Hui‐Juan , Xin Yan , Yan Qiang , Zhou Li‐Lin , Peng Liao , Yuan Jin‐Ying 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA photoresponsive microgel is designed by the combination of a noncovalent assembly strategy with a covalent cross‐linking method. End‐functionalized poly(ethylene glycol) with azobenzene [(PEG‐(Azo)2)] was mixed with acrylate‐modified β‐CD (β‐CD‐MAA) to form photoresponsive inclusion complex through host–guest interaction. The above photoresponsive complex was cross‐linked by thiol‐functionalized PEG (PEG‐dithiol) via Michael addition click reaction. The photoreversibility of resulted microgel was studied by TEM, UV–Vis spectroscopy, and 1H NMR measurements. The characterization results indicated that the reversible size changes of the microgel could be achieved by alternative UV–Vis irradiations with good repeatability.
Preferential star strand biogenesis of pre‐miR‐24‐2 targets PKC‐alpha and suppresses cell survival in MCF‐7 breast cancer cells
Authors: Martin Elizabeth C. , Elliott Steven , Rhodes Lyndsay V. , Antoon James W. , Fewell Claire , Zhu Yun , Driver Jennifer L. , Jodari‐Karimi Mona , Taylor Christopher W. , Flemington Erik K. , Beckman Barbara S. , Collins‐Burow Bridgette M. , Burow Matthew E. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractmicroRNAs (miRNA) are regulators of cellular pathways and alterations of normal miRNA expression levels have been shown to increase tumorigenesis. miR‐24 has been demonstrated as having both tumor suppressive and oncogenic properties depending on cell context. Here, we demonstrate a possible role for pre‐miR‐24‐2 as a tumor suppressor in the MCF‐7 breast cancer cell line through the preferential processing of mature miR‐24‐2* over miR‐24. Specifically, we show that the ectopic expression of miR‐24‐2* in MCF‐7 breast cancer cells results in a suppression of cellular survival both in vivo and in vitro. Notably, the overexpression of miR‐24‐2* results in a dampening of cell survival through the targeted suppression of PKCα. In addition, a similar biological change is observed in vivo where MCF‐7 cells overexpressing pre‐miR‐24‐2 have decreased tumorigenicity and tumor incidence. Taken together our data demonstrate that when overexpressed biogenesis of the pre‐miR‐24‐2 favors miR‐24‐2* in the MCF‐7 breast cancer cell line and suggests a tumor suppressive role for miR‐24‐2* observed through the inhibition of PKCα‐mediated cellular survival. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enteral nutrition is feasible in pediatric stem cell transplantation patients
Authors: Bicakli Derya Hopanci , Yilmaz Medine C. , Aksoylar Serap , Kantar Mehmet , Cetingul Nazan , Kansoy Savas 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe aimed to demonstrate whether enteral nutrition (EN) is feasible in daily practice of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).Nutritional records of 100 patients were evaluated. Patients with poor oral intake were fed by EN with tube. A total of 79 patients required nutritional support. Of them, 71 were fed by EN only. Five were fed by EN plus parenteral nutrition (PN),three were fed by PN only. Median duration of EN was 21 days. In the EN only group, 68% gained or maintained their weight. EN should be considered as a feasible option for nutrition support in children undergoing HSCT. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59: 1327–1329. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Identification of aberrant methylation regions in neuroblastoma by screening of tissue‐specific differentially methylated regions
Authors: Sugito Kiminobu , Kawashima Hiroyuki , Uekusa Shota , Yoshizawa Shinsuke , Hoshi Reina , Furuya Takeshi , Kaneda Hide , Hosoda Toshifumi , Masuko Takayuki , Ohashi Kensuke , Ikeda Taro , Koshinaga Tsugumichi , Fujiwara Kyoko , Igarashi Jun , Ghosh Srimoyee , Held William A. , Nagase Hiroki 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe identification of tissue‐specific differentially methylated regions (tDMRs) is key to our understanding of mammalian development. Research has indicated that tDMRs are aberrantly methylated in cancer and may affect the oncogenic process.ProcedureWe used the MassARRAY EpiTYPER system to determine the quantitative methylation levels of seven neuroblastomas (NBs) and two control adrenal medullas at 12 conserved tDMRs. A second sample set of 19 NBs was also analyzed. Statistical analysis was carried out to determine the relationship of the quantitative methylation levels to other prognostic factors in these sample sets.ResultsScreening of 12 tDMRs revealed 2 genomic regions (SLC16A5 and ZNF206) with frequent aberrant methylation patterns in NB. The methylation levels of SLC16A5 and ZNF206 were low compared to the control adrenal medullas. The SLC16A5 methylation level (cut‐off point, 13.25%) was associated with age at diagnosis, disease stage, and Shimada classification but not with MYCN amplification. The ZNF206 methylation level (cut‐off point, 68.80%) was associated with all of the prognostic factors analyzed. Although the methylation levels at these regions did not reach statistical significance in their association with prognosis in mono‐variant analysis, patients with both hypomethylation of SLC16A5 and hypermethylation of ZNF206 had a significantly prolonged event‐free survival, when these two variables were analyzed together.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that two tDMRs frequently displayed altered methylation patterns in the NB genome, suggesting their distinct involvement in NB development/differentiation. The combined analysis of these two regions could serve as a diagnostic biomarker for poor clinical outcome. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 383–389. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multiple system morbidities associated with children with snore symptom
Authors: Cai Xiao‐Hong , Li Xiu‐Cui , Hu Qing‐Qing , Yu Chen‐Yi , Zhou Yong‐Hai , Su Miao‐Shang , Zhao Ya‐Ping , Hu Yun‐Liang , Wang Liang‐Xing 
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo exam the relationship between snoring and morbidities of multiple systems in children.Study designChildren with snoring were enrolled and divided into primary snorer (PS) group and obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) group based on polysomnography. The healthy children served as the control group. The growth parameters, maxillofacial malformations, blood chemistry, electrocardiogram, and echocardiogram were recorded and intelligence testing was performed in the enrolled children who were ≥6 years old.ResultsThe weight and height were similar in the control group (n = 60) and the PS group (n = 63), but lower in the OSAHS group (n = 89;P < 0.001). Occurrence of adenoidal face and dental malocclusion in the OSAHS and the PS group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.001). Compared with the control group, the OSAHS group had a lower serum high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol level, higher low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol level; and a possible higher pulmonary artery pressure based on the echocardiogram (P < 0.001). All the above parameters in the PS group were similar to those in the control group. Full‐scale IQ and performance IQ of the OSAHS group was lower (P < 0.001), attention deficits were significantly higher in the OSAHS group (P < 0.001), but were similar in the PS group when compared to the control group.ConclusionsOSAHS in children is associated with delayed growth, maxillofacial malformations, impaired cognitive functions, abnormalities in lipid metabolism, and changes in pulmonary artery pressures. PS children also have higher incidence of maxillofacial malformations but have a normal growth and normal cognitive functions. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013; 48:381–389. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optimization of anti‐pseudomonal antibiotics for cystic fibrosis pulmonary exacerbations: I. aztreonam and carbapenems
Authors: Zobell Jeffery T. , Young David C. , Waters C. Dustin , Stockmann Chris , Ampofo Krow , Sherwin Catherine M.T. , Spigarelli Michael G. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAcute pulmonary exacerbations (APE) in cystic fibrosis (CF) are associated with loss of lung function that may require aggressive management with intravenous antibiotics. The aim of this review is to provide an evidence‐based summary of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD), tolerability, and efficacy studies utilizing aztreonam and anti‐pseudomonal carbapenems (i.e., doripenem, imipenem–cilastatin, and meropenem) in the treatment of an APE, and to identify areas where further study is warranted. The current dosing recommendations in the United States and Europe for aztreonam are lower than the literature supported dosing range of 200–300 mg/kg/day divided every 6 hr, maximum 8–12 g/day. In vitro, PK/PD, and tolerability studies show the potential of doripenem 90 mg/kg/day divided every 8 hr, infused over 4 hr, maximum 6 g/day in the treatment of APE. Imipenem‐cilastatin 100 mg/kg/day divided every 6 hr, maximum 4 g/day and meropenem 120 mg/kg/day divided every 8 hr, maximum 6 g/day have been shown to be tolerable and effective in the treatment of APE. With availability issues of new anti‐pseudomonal agents and a large percentage of CF patients will not regain their lung function following an APE, we suggest the need to determine optimization of aztreonam and meropenem dosing in CF, as well as to determine the clinical efficacy of doripenem in the treatment of APE. The usefulness of imipenem‐cilastatin may be limited due to the rapid development of resistance. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012; 47:1147–1158. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Changes in proteomic profiles in different prostate lobes of male rats throughout growth and development and aging stages of the life span
Authors: Das Arunangshu , Bortner James D. , Aliaga Cesar A. , Baker Aaron , Stanley Anne , Stanley Bruce A. , Kaag Matthew , Richie John P. , El‐Bayoumy Karam 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDAging‐related changes in important cellular pathways in the prostate may promote a permissive environment for an increased risk for prostatic disease development such as prostate cancer. Our objectives were to examine for such changes, by systematically determining the effects of growth and development and aging on proteomic profiles in different lobes of the rat prostate.METHODSProstate lobes (dorsolateral lobe, DL and ventral lobe, VL) were obtained from male Fisher rats of various ages representing young (4 months), mature (12 months), old (18 months), and very old (24 months). Differentially expressed proteins between age groups in each lobe were identified using a proteomic approach, isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantitation (iTRAQ). Select changes in the DL and VL were verified by immunoblot analysis.RESULTSiTRAQ identified 317 proteins with high confidence. iTRAQ discovered 12 and 6 proteins significantly modulated in response to growth and development in the DL and VL, respectively, and 42 and 29 proteins significantly modulated in response to aging in the DL and VL, respectively. Proteins modulated during growth and development in the DL and VL are involved in a variety of biological processes including cell communication and development, whereas proteins modulated during aging were predominantly related to antioxidant activity and immunity. Immunoblot analysis verified age‐related changes for α‐1 antitrypsin, annexin A1, hypoxia up‐regulated protein 1, and 78 kDa glucose‐regulated protein.CONCLUSIONSAging results in changes in numerous prostatic proteins and pathways which are mainly linked to inflammation and may lead to prostatic disease development. Prostate 73: 363–375, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Investigating the mode of action of sulfoxaflor: a fourth‐generation neonicotinoid
Authors: Cutler Penny , Slater Russell , Edmunds Andrew JF , Maienfisch Peter , Hall Roger G , Earley Fergus GP , Pitterna Thomas , Pal Sitaram , Paul Verity‐Laura , Goodchild Jim , Blacker Melissa , Hagmann Leonhard , Crossthwaite Andrew J 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe precise mode of action of sulfoxaflor, a new nicotinic acetylcholine receptor‐modulating insecticide, is unclear. A detailed understanding of the mode of action, especially in relation to the neonicotinoids, is essential for recommending effective pest management practices.ResultsRadiolabel binding experiments using a tritiated analogue of sulfoxaflor ([3H]‐methyl‐SFX) performed on membranes from Myzus persicae demonstrate that sulfoxaflor interacts specifically with the high‐affinity imidacloprid binding site present in a subpopulation of the total nAChR pool. In competition studies, imidacloprid‐like neonicotinoids displace [3H]‐methyl‐SFX at pM concentrations. The effects of sulfoxaflor on the exposed aphid nervous system in situ are analogous to those of imidacloprid and nitenpyram, and finally the high‐affinity sulfoxaflor binding site is absent in a Myzus persicae strain (clone FRC) possessing a single amino acid point mutation (R81T) in the β‐nAChR, a region critical for neonicotinoid interaction.ConclusionThe nicotinic acetylcholine receptor pharmacological profile of sulfoxaflor in aphids is consistent with that of imidacloprid. Additionally, the insecticidal activity of sulfoxaflor and the current commercialised neonicotinoids is affected by the point mutation in FRC Myzus persicae. Therefore, it is suggested that sulfoxalfor be considered a neonicotinoid, and that this be taken into account when recommending insecticide rotation partnering for effective resistance management programmes. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Diamond synthesis through the generation of plasma during spark plasma sintering
Authors: Zhang Faming , Ahmed Furqan , Bednarcik Jozef , Burkel Eberhard 
Published: August 2012

AbstractSpark plasma sintering (SPS) of carbon nanotubes based materials to diamond was conducted at a very low pressure in vacuum and argon atmospheres. The phases and microstructures of the sintered samples were analyzed by Synchrotron X‐ray, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Diamond phases are created from carbon nanotubes/FeNi mixtures at pressure of 9.55 MPa in vacuum and argon atmospheres during SPS. At this pressure, carbon flowers, and perfect diamond crystals are obtained at 1200 °C only in the argon atmosphere. The consequences provide an indirect evidence for the existence of plasma during SPS. The argon atmosphere promotes the plasma generation and thus enhances the diamond transition.magnified imageDiamonds are obtained from carbon nanotubes/FeNi at 1200 °C and 9.55 MPa in argon atmosphere of SPS.
Integration of chalcogenide glassy films and liquid crystals for photoalignment and optically addressed modulators
Authors: Abdulhalim I. , Kirzhner M. Gelbaor , Kurioz Yu. , Klebanov M. , Lyubin V. , Reznikov Yu. , Sheremet N. , Slyusarenko K. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe present paper reports on our recent achievements including the photoalignment achieved of liquid crystals (LCs) using amorphous chalcogenide semiconductors (AChS) glassy films and the creation of optically addressed spatial light modulators (OASLMs). The photoalignment in this case is based on the phenomenon of photoinduced anisotropy, essentially found to be efficient in the nano‐dimentional (ND, <50 nm) AChS films while the OASLM action is based on their photosensitivity.
“Any Questions?”: Investigating the Nature of Understanding‐Checks in the Language Classroom
Authors: Waring Hansun Zhang 
Published: August 2012

Insofar as effective instruction is contingent upon the degree to which it is tailored to learner understandings in situ, developing a firmer grasp of how understanding‐checks work in the reality of the classroom is integral to educators' knowledge of teacher practices and, ultimately, their ability to implement effective teacher training. The purpose of this article is to produce a detailed account of how yes‐no questions (e.g., “Do you have any questions?”) work as understanding‐checks in the language classroom. Based on 28 hours of interaction in an English as a second language classroom, this conversation analytic study shows how such questions are oriented to by the participants in two major sequential environments and, in particular, how they are not always produced and treated as inviting questions. Findings of this study provide an empirical basis for enhancing the efficacy of pedagogical interaction.
English Language Learners' Access to and Attainment in Postsecondary Education
Authors: Kanno Yasuko , Cromley Jennifer G. 
Published: August 2012

Although English language learners (ELLs) are currently the fastest‐growing group among the school‐age population in the United States, there is surprisingly little information on their participation in postsecondary education. Using the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988 (NELS:88), a nationally representative sample of eighth graders who were followed for 12 years, we present one of the first national‐level examinations of ELLs' access to and degree of attainment in postsecondary education. Our analyses show that ELLs lag far behind both English‐proficient linguistic minority students and monolingual English‐speaking students in college access and attainment. Only one in eight ELLs in the NELS:88 study earned a bachelor's degree, whereas one in four English‐proficient linguistic minority students and one in three monolingual English speakers did. In addition, one in five ELLs was a high school dropout. Subsequent probit regressions reveal that a host of nonlinguistic factors, rather than the ELLs' linguistic background per se, contributed to ELLs' limited postsecondary education access and attainment.
Recent advances in cancer stem cell research for cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Kokuryo Toshio , Yokoyama Yukihiro , Nagino Masato 
Published: August 2012

AbstractCancer stem cells have been identified as cells with the capacity to self‐renew and differentiate into multiple lineages of human malignancies. Cholangiocarcinoma is one of the most difficult intra‐abdominal malignancies that can be treated using a surgical approach. Chemotherapy in addition to surgery is necessary to improve patient survival. However, its clinical benefit is limited, and, to date, no other effective anticancer drug is available for this disease. Several reports have shown the existence of cholangiocarcinoma stem cells. Cell surface antigens such as CD133, CD24, EpCAM, CD44, and others have been used to isolate cholangiocarcinoma stem cells. In general, enhanced expression of these markers in resected specimens of cholangiocarcinoma was associated with malignant potential. Distinct and specific pathways are expected to be present in cancer stem cells compared to other cancer cells that have no stem cell properties. To date, reports showing possible signaling pathways in cholangiocarcinoma stem cells are limited. More research is anticipated. Targeting therapies for surface molecular markers or specific signaling pathways of cholangiocarcinoma stem cells may be important in order to change the clinical outcome of patients with this disease. However, no clinical trial has been performed so far. This review will focus on the markers and signaling pathways used to define cholangiocarcinoma stem cells. A novel therapeutic approach of targeting cholangiocarcinoma stem cells will also be discussed.