bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparisons of media types and congruence in positioning of service brands
Authors: Blankson Charles , P. Kalafatis Stavros , Coffie Stanley , H. Tsogas Markos 
Published: July 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to undertake a comparative examination of the media types used in projecting positioning strategies of service brands, and to establish whether there is evidence of congruence/fit between managerial decisions, adopted communications and target audience perceptions of positioning strategies of the brands. The relative congruence among intended, conveyed and perceived brand positions is an important research task. Also, how to ensure such synergy and minimize incongruence is an important research question both to theory and to practice.

Design/methodology/approach
– Following extensive review of the literature, triangulation research method (face-to-face long interviews, survey and content analysis) characterized this study.

Findings
– The findings reveal that overall parity between the three media (TV; newspaper; and pamphlets, leaflets, brochures and billboards) is evident in terms of failure to translate managerial decisions into corresponding positioning messages. The findings also show that fit or congruence between managerial decision and communicated message fails to deliver the desired message in 19 per cent of the observations. Further 23 per cent of the adopted strategies are neither present in communications nor perceived by the target audience. Irrespective of a positioning strategy being adopted or not, there is total congruence/fit between messages in newspapers and target audience’s perceptions, while the corresponding results for TV and other media are moderate. Moreover, channels for positioning offerings can be multifaceted and they do not strictly have to occur via communications. Only “brand name” positioning strategy demonstrates total fit, while “top of the range” shows high frequency of failure to translate managerial decisions into appropriate communication messages.

Originality/value
– This paper offers useful insights into the overall differences between the three media (TV; newspaper; and pamphlets, leaflets, brochures and billboards) in the positioning of service brands. The study is a step forward in the diagnosis of the congruence/fit or coherence in the positioning activities between managers, firm practices and consumers’ perceptions. Without this knowledge, executives may encounter difficulties and challenges in their efforts at establishing, maintaining or reframing market “positions” for their offerings.
Australian accounting academics: challenges and possibilities
Authors: Guthrie James , Evans Elaine , Burritt Roger 
Published: July 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to provide a thought-provoking, attention-directing diegesis about the quality of the experience for those working as academic accounting scholars.

Design/methodology/approach
– Using storytelling by the authors as narrators and a literature review, this paper examines challenges to, and possibilities for, accounting academics.

Findings
– The study reveals a number of possibilities for the sustainability of the accounting academy in Australia, all of which rely on the symbiotic relations between the three elements of the profession – practitioners, policymakers and academics – to prepare accounting and business professionals for the future.

Research limitations/implications
– The study is limited to the Australian context of academic accountants and, therefore, the identified possibilities for accounting academics in other contexts may differ.

Practical implications
– This paper identifies the challenges for contemporary accounting academics in Australia and presents opportunities for sustainability of the Australian accounting academy.

Originality/value
– This paper uses a story to explore its overarching theme of the quality of the academic experience for accounting academics in Australia. The story is developed from the authors’ combined experiences of > 80 years as accounting academics who are also actively engaged with the profession.
It's all relative: Spatial positioning of parties and ideological shifts
Authors: Williams Laron K. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe usefulness of the general class of spatial econometric models, which relaxes the assumption that the observations are independent, has only recently been realised. One particularly fruitful application includes models of parties' ideological change as well as the electoral consequences of party competition. In these studies, scholars can explicitly model the spatial interconnectedness of political parties in theoretically pleasing ways, producing inferences that are consistent with formal models of party competition, but are beyond the grasp of traditional ordinary least squares (OLS) regression models. To illustrate these benefits, this article replicatesAdams and Somer‐Topcu's 2009 study of parties' responses to ideological shifts by rival parties to show that appropriately modeling patterns of interconnectivity between parties via weights matrices provides more realistic inferences that are more consistent with formal models of party competition.
Frequency and Clinical Features of Patients who Attempted Suicide by Hara‐Kiri in Japan
Authors: Kato Koji , Kimoto Keitaro , Kimoto Kousuke , Takahashi Yuki , Sato Reiko , Matsumoto Hideo 
Published: July 2014

AbstractHara‐kiri is a unique Japanese custom, primarily stemming from the manners and customs that a samurai held. The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical features of individuals who attempted suicide by hara‐kiri. We enrolled 647 patients who had attempted suicide. Clinical features were compared between those who had employed hara‐kiri and those who had used other methods. 25 of the 647 subjects had attempted suicide by hara‐kiri. The ratio of men to women and the proportion of patients with mood disorders were significantly higher in the hara‐kiri group than in the other methods group. The average length of stay in either the hospital or in the intensive care unit was also longer in the hara‐kiri group than in the other methods group. Hara‐kiri is an original Japanese method of attempting suicide, and suicide attempts by hara‐kiri may be aimed at maintaining a reputation or taking responsibility.
Knowing your enemies: Integrating molecular and ecological methods to assess the impact of arthropod predators on crop pests
Authors: Furlong Michael J. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe importance of natural enemies as the foundation of integrated pest management (IPM) is widely accepted, but few studies conduct the manipulative field experiments necessary to directly quantify their impact on pest populations in this context. This is particularly true for predators. Studying arthropod predator–prey interactions is inherently difficult: prey items are often completely consumed, individual predator–prey interactions are ephemeral (rendering their detection difficult) and the typically fluid or soft‐bodied meals cannot be easily identified visually within predator guts. Serological techniques have long been used in arthropod predator gut‐contents analysis, and current enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) are highly specific and sensitive. Recently, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods for gut‐contents analysis have developed rapidly and they now dominate the diagnostic methods used for gut‐contents analysis in field‐based research. This work has identified trophic linkages within food webs, determined predator diet breadth and preference, demonstrated the importance of cannibalism and intraguild predation within and between certain taxa, and confirmed the benefits (predator persistence) and potential disadvantages (reduced feeding on pest species) of the availability of alternative nonpest prey. Despite considerable efforts to calibrate gut‐contents assays, these methods remain qualitative. Available techniques for predator gut‐contents analysis can provide rapid, accurate, cost‐effective identification of predation events. As such, they perfectly compliment the ecological methods developed to directly assess predator impacts on prey populations but which are imperfect at identifying the key predators. These diagnostic methods for gut‐contents analysis are underexploited in agricultural research and they are almost never applied in unison with the critical field experiments to measure predator impact. This paper stresses the need for a combined approach and suggests a framework that would make this possible, so that appropriate natural enemies can be targeted in conservation biological control.
How resistant is ‘treatment‐resistant’ obsessive‐compulsive disorder in youth?
Authors: Krebs Georgina , Isomura Kayoko , Lang Katie , Jassi Amita , Heyman Isobel , Diamond Holly , Advani Jana , Turner Cynthia , Mataix‐Cols David 
Published: July 2014

ObjectivesObsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) is often perceived as being difficult to treat. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that treatment non‐response in routine clinical practice is often due to failures in the delivery of treatment, and that most patients who are apparently treatment‐resistant will respond to treatment if adequately delivered.DesignRetrospective cohort data analysis.MethodsForty‐three young people with severe, treatment‐resistant OCD (defined as Children's Yale‐Brown Obsessive‐Compulsive Scale [CY‐BOCS] scores ≥30 and non‐response to previous cognitive behaviour therapy [CBT] and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) were referred to a specialist clinic and completed a course of manualized CBT, with (N = 21) or without (N = 22) optimization of medication. A sub‐sample (N = 15) completed a semi‐structured interview to determine characteristics of their previous CBT; quality was assessed according to pre‐determined criteria.ResultsSpecialist treatment was associated with significant reductions in OCD symptoms at post‐treatment with gains maintained at 3‐month follow‐up. At the 3‐month follow‐up, 58% of patients showed a meaningful clinical response (≥35% drop on the CY‐BOCS) and 22% were in remission (≤12 on the CY‐BOCS). Patients whose medication was optimized tended (non‐significantly) to have better responses. The quality of previous CBT was assessed in a sub‐group of participants and rated as inadequate in 95.5% of cases. The most common inadequacy was insufficient focus on exposure techniques.ConclusionsThese findings provide support for the notion that treatment non‐response in routine practice may be due to technical treatment failures and highlight the need to disseminate good quality evidence‐based treatment among this population. Research is also needed to understand factors that impede outcome to further improve response and remission rates.Practitioner points

Among young people with OCD, failure to respond to treatment in routine clinical practice may often reflect the nature of the treatment received.

Exposure techniques may often be overlooked in CBT for OCD, potentially resulting in poor therapeutic response.

Most young people with severe and apparent treatment‐resistant OCD respond to outpatient CBT incorporating E/RP.

Further research is needed to establish effective methods for disseminating good quality CBT for OCD.
Age of the Taishu Group, southwestern Japan, and implications for the origin and evolution of the Japan Sea
Authors: Ninomiya Takashi , Shimoyama Shoichi , Watanabe Koichiro , Horie Kenji , Dunkley Daniel J. , Shiraishi Kazuyuki 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe Taishu Group, a marine formation with a thickness of >5400 m, crops out on Tsushima Island, located in the southwestern Japan Sea. The group, which is generally regarded as early Eocene to early Miocene in age, provides important information about the tectonic setting of the Japan Sea. In this study, we present new SHRIMP U–Pb dates for igneous zircons from the Kunehama Tuff, which is in the basal part of the Taishu Group, and the Oobaura Tuff, which is in the uppermost part of the group. Results show that the Taishu Group was deposited rapidly, during the short interval of 17.9–15.9 Ma (early–middle Miocene), and is equivalent to other early–middle Miocene strata found in the Japan Sea region. Our results provide new constraints on the geological history of the Japan Sea and its islands.
Bioenergetic adaptation in response to autophagy regulators during rotenone exposure
Authors: Giordano Samantha , Dodson Matthew , Ravi Saranya , Redmann Matthew , Ouyang Xiaosen , Darley Usmar Victor M. , Zhang Jianhua 
Published: July 2014

AbstractParkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder with both mitochondrial dysfunction and insufficient autophagy playing a key role in its pathogenesis. Among the risk factors, exposure to the environmental neurotoxin rotenone increases the probability of developing Parkinson's disease. We previously reported that in differentiated SH‐SY5Y cells, rotenone‐induced cell death is directly related to inhibition of mitochondrial function. How rotenone at nM concentrations inhibits mitochondrial function, and whether it can engage the autophagy pathway necessary to remove damaged proteins and organelles, is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that autophagy plays a protective role against rotenone toxicity in primary neurons. We found that rotenone (10–100 nM) immediately inhibited cellular bioenergetics. Concentrations that decreased mitochondrial function at 2 h, caused cell death at 24 h with an LD50 of 10 nM. Overall, autophagic flux was decreased by 10 nM rotenone at both 2 and 24 h, but surprisingly mitophagy, or autophagy of the mitochondria, was increased at 24 h, suggesting that a mitochondrial‐specific lysosomal degradation pathway may be activated. Up‐regulation of autophagy by rapamycin protected against cell death while inhibition of autophagy by 3‐methyladenine exacerbated cell death. Interestingly, while 3‐methyladenine exacerbated the rotenone‐dependent effects on bioenergetics, rapamycin did not prevent rotenone‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction, but caused reprogramming of mitochondrial substrate usage associated with both complex I and complex II activities. Taken together, these data demonstrate that autophagy can play a protective role in primary neuron survival in response to rotenone; moreover, surviving neurons exhibit bioenergetic adaptations to this metabolic stressor.Exposure to the neurotoxin rotenone is a risk factor for Parkinson's disease. We tested the hypothesis that autophagy is protective against rotenone toxicity in primary neurons. Exposure to nanomolar concentrations of rotenone caused immediate mitochondrial dysfunction, associated with a suppression of macroautophagy. However, mitophagy occurred that was independent of LC3II accumulation, and the surviving neurons exhibited adaptations to their cellular bioenergetic profiles. Cotreatment with the autophagy enhancer rapamycin was protective, whereas further inhibition of autophagy with 3‐methyladenine (3‐MA) exacerbated cell death, resulting in additional bioenergetic adaptations in the surviving neurons.image
TEN YEARS OF GENERAL OLIGOPOLISTIC EQUILIBRIUM: A SURVEY
Authors: Colacicco Rudy 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn this paper, I survey the recent and rapidly increasing theoretical literature using the brand‐new approach in embedding oligopolistic competition in general equilibrium, as designed by J. Peter Neary. First, I introduce the reader to Neary's approach, by describing the main ingredients. Then, I present a comprehensive set of studies that, over the last decade, apply this approach in different contexts, most of which are in open economy, and I examine the relevant outcomes. Although the theoretical literature has generously advanced, there is a lack of research on the empirical side, which would be an important area for future research besides theoretical extensions, some of which I highlight in the conclusions.
Fungal phytases: characteristics and amelioration of nutritional quality and growth of non‐ruminants
Authors: Singh B. , Satyanarayana T. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryFungal phytases are histidine acid phosphatases, a subclass of acid phosphatases, which catalyse the hydrolysis of phytic acid resulting in the release of phosphate moieties and thus mitigate its antinutritional properties. The supplementation of feed with phytases increases the bioavailability of phosphorus and minerals in non‐ruminant animals and reduces the phosphorus pollution due to phosphorus excretion in the areas of intensive livestock production. Although phytases are reported in plants, animals and micro‐organisms, fungal sources are used extensively for the production of phytases on a commercial scale. Phytases have been produced by fungi in both solid‐state fermentation (SSF) and submerged fermentation (SmF). The fungal phytases are high molecular weight proteins ranging from 35 to 500 kDa. They are optimally active within pH and temperature ranges between 4.5 and 6.0, and 45 and 70 °C respectively. Phytate degradation leads to amelioration in the nutritional status of foods and feeds by improving the availability of minerals, phosphorus and proteins in non‐ruminant animals and human beings and thus mitigates the environmental phosphorus pollution. Our article focuses on the role of fungal phytases in improving nutritional value of foods and feeds with concomitant increase in growth of non‐ruminant animals and mitigating environmental phosphorus pollution.
Clinical efficacy and safety of imepitoin in comparison with phenobarbital for the control of idiopathic epilepsy in dogs
Authors: Tipold A. , Keefe T. J. , Löscher W. , Rundfeldt C. , de Vries F. 
Published: July 2014

The anticonvulsant activity and safety of imepitoin, a novel antiepileptic drug licensed in theEuropeanUnion, were evaluated in a multicentre field efficacy study as well as in a safety study under laboratory conditions. Efficacy of imepitoin was compared with phenobarbital in 226 client‐owned dogs in a blinded parallel group design. The administration of imepitoin twice daily in incremental doses of 10, 20 or 30 mg/kg demonstrated comparable efficacy to phenobarbital in controlling seizures in dogs. The frequency of adverse events including somnolence/sedation, polydipsia and increased appetite was significantly higher in the phenobarbital group. In phenobarbital‐treated dogs, significantly increased levels of alkaline phosphatase, gamma‐glutamyl‐transferase and other liver enzymes occurred, while no such effect was observed in the imepitoin group. In a safety study under laboratory conditions, healthy beagle dogs were administered 0, 30, 90 or 150 mg/kg imepitoin twice daily for 26 weeks. A complete safety evaluation including histopathology was included in the study. A no‐observed‐adverse‐event level of 90 mg/kg twice daily was determined. These results indicate that imepitoin is a potent and safe antiepileptic drug for dogs.
Recent fire and cattle herbivory enhance plant‐level fuel flammability in shrublands
Authors: Blackhall Melisa , Veblen Thomas T. , Raffaele Estela 
Published: July 2014

AbstractQuestionCould disturbance by fire and ungulate herbivory alter fire regimes by increasing flammability in shrublands and early‐successional forests?LocationNahuel Huapi National Park, northwest Patagonia, Argentina.MethodsWe compared four characteristics that influence fuel flammability – fine fuel load, plant bulk density, percentage fine fuel, and percentage dead fine fuel – and the vertical distribution of live and dead fine fuel at recently burned (<15 yr) and unburned (>50 yr) sites, both in the presence and absence of cattle, for six resprouting species: non‐palatableLomatia hirsutaandDiostea juncea, moderately palatableNothofagus antarcticaandSchinus patagonicus, and highly palatableMaytenus boariaandRibes magellanicum.ResultsChanges in flammability in response to recent fire, and to a lesser extent cattle browsing, were strongly dependent on species identity. Non‐palatableL. hirsutatended to increase in flammability following fire, whereas cattle did not affect its fuel properties.Nothofagus antarcticashowed ambiguous responses: plants had reduced plant bulk density at recently burned sites, implying reduced flammability, but changes in percentage fine and dead fine fuel point to increasing flammability at burned sites with cattle.Diostea junceaandS. patagonicusshowed increased plant bulk density at sites with cattle and increased percentage fine fuel in response to fire. Cattle browsing was the main driver of variability in flammability for highly palatable species, showing increased plant bulk density and percentage fine fuel in response to cattle. Fire had a strong effect on the vertical distribution of live and dead fine fuel, showing an increase of burnable biomass in response to recent fire. The reduction of vertical fuel continuity was extreme on highly palatable species. In contrast, moderately and non‐palatable species, which are abundant under herbivore pressure, were characterized by vertically well‐distributed fine fuel biomass in the presence of cattle.ConclusionsResponses of flammability traits to fire and cattle depended on species identity, but the majority of the species studied showed higher fuel flammability at recently burned sites affected by cattle. Domestic livestock, by increasing the flammability of post‐fire vegetation, may be key agents in altering fire regimes in forest–shrubland mosaics.
The β-Lacta Test for Direct Detection of Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Urine
Authors: Gallah Salah , Decré Dominique , Genel Nathalie , Arlet Guillaume 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT

With the β-Lacta test, production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) was assayed in 200 urine samples showing Gram-negative bacilli during direct microscopic examination. While 168 samples tested negative, all samples yielding ESBL-producing
Enterobacteriaceae
after culture gave positive (
n
= 30) or uninterpretable (
n
= 2) results. The sensitivity and specificity of ESBL detection were 94% and 100%, respectively.