bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost-effectiveness of HCV case-finding for people who inject drugs via dried blood spot testing in specialist addiction services and prisons
Authors: Martin Natasha K , Hickman Matthew , Miners Alec , Hutchinson Sharon J , Taylor Avril , Vickerman Peter 
Published: August 2013

ObjectivesPeople who inject drugs (PWID) are at high risk for acquiring hepatitis C virus (HCV), but many are unaware of their infection. HCV dried blood spot (DBS) testing increases case-finding in addiction services and prisons. We determine the cost-effectiveness of increasing HCV case-finding among PWID by offering DBS testing in specialist addiction services or prisons as compared to using venepuncture.DesignCost-utility analysis using a dynamic HCV transmission model among PWID, including: disease progression, diagnosis, treatment, injecting status, incarceration and addition services contact.SettingUK.InterventionDBS testing in specialist addiction services or prisons. Intervention impact was determined by a meta-analysis of primary data.Primary and secondary outcome measuresCosts (in UK £, £1=US$1.60) and utilities (quality-adjusted life years, QALYs) were attached to each state and the incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER) determined. Multivariate uncertainty and one-way sensitivity analyses were performed.ResultsFor a £20 000 per QALY gained willingness-to-pay threshold, DBS testing in addiction services is cost-effective (ICER of £14 600 per QALY gained). Under the base-case assumption of no continuity of treatment/care when exiting/entering prison, DBS testing in prisons is not cost-effective (ICER of £59 400 per QALY gained). Results are robust to changes in HCV prevalence; increasing PWID treatment rates to those for ex-PWID considerably reduces ICER (£4500 and £30 000 per QALY gained for addiction services and prison, respectively). If continuity of care is >40%, the prison DBS ICER falls below £20 000 per QALY gained.ConclusionsDespite low PWID treatment rates, increasing case-finding can be cost-effective in specialist addiction services, and in prisons if continuity of treatment/care is ensured.
Onyx is associated with poor venous penetration in the treatment of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas
Authors: Blackburn Spiros L , Kadkhodayan Yasha , Ray Wilson Z , Zipfel Gregory J , Cross DeWitte T , Moran Christopher J , Derdeyn Colin P 
Published: August 2013

Background and purposeThe use of Onyx has become the mainstream for the treatment of cranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) and arteriovenous malformations, but the reported success for type I spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (sDAVFs) remains limited. We review our experience with Onyx and report its limitations in the treatment of spinal AVFs.Materials and methodsWe retrospectively reviewed the Interventional Neuroradiology Procedure database at Washington University for cases of sDAVF embolization. Radiology reports were reviewed for fistula classification, treatment technique, and initial and follow-up results. Angiographic images were reviewed to confirm diagnosis, treatment, and penetration of embolisate into the draining vein.ResultsWith the use of Onyx, sDAVFs were obliterated in six of seven patients at the time of treatment. Follow-up angiography confirmed sDAVF obliteration in two patients, and recurrence in two cases. Two patients had no follow-up. One patient not cured at the time of treatment was treated surgically. Of the nine total treatments, Onyx successfully crossed the nidus into the draining vein in only four cases. Successful venous embolization was facilitated with positioning of the microcatheter to less than 5 mm from the nidus in three of the four cases. The use of n-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA) resulted in venous penetration in eight of 10 cases, and short term follow-up cure in seven of 10 patients.ConclusionsOur experience with Onyx for type I sDAVF embolization has been tempered by difficulty in achieving venous penetration and, consequently, a high rate of recurrence. For management of these fistulas, we favor NBCA or surgical treatment.
Carboxyl-Terminal Modulator Protein Positively Regulates Akt Phosphorylation and Acts as an Oncogenic Driver in Breast Cancer
Authors: Liu Yu-Peng , Liao Wen-Chi , Ger Luo-Ping , Chen Jiun-Chin , Hsu Tai-I , Lee Yu-Cheng , Chang Hong-Tai , Chen Yu-Chia , Jan Yi-Hua , Lee Kuen-Haur , Zeng Yu-Hao , Hsiao Michael , Lu Pei-Jung 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Akt activation has been implicated broadly in tumorigenesis, but the basis for its dysregulation in cancer cells is incompletely understood. In this study, we sought to clarify a regulatory role for the Akt-binding carboxy-terminal modulator protein (CTMP), which has been controversial. In evaluating CTMP expression in paired normal–tumor specimens of 198 patients with breast cancer, we found that CTMP was upregulated in breast tumors, where it was associated with poor patient survival. Notably, CTMP expression also correlated positively with Akt phosphorylation in breast cancer clinical specimens and cell lines. Furthermore, ectopic expression of CTMP promoted cell proliferation and enhanced the tumorigenic properties of estrogen-dependent breast cancer cells. This effect was correlated with increased sensitivity to insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation, which is mediated primarily by the phosphoinositide 3-kinase–Akt pathway. In contrast, short hairpin RNA-mediated silencing of endogenous CTMP decreased the proliferation of estrogen-dependent or estrogen-independent breast cancer cells. Mechanistic investigations defined the N-terminal domain of CTMP at amino acids 1 to 64 as responsible for Akt binding. Taken together, our results firmly corroborate the concept that CTMP promotes Akt phosphorylation and functions as an oncogenic molecule in breast cancer. Cancer Res; 73(20); 6194–205. ©2013 AACR.
Notch1 Is Required for Kras-Induced Lung Adenocarcinoma and Controls Tumor Cell Survival via p53
Authors: Licciulli Silvia , Avila Jacqueline L. , Hanlon Linda , Troutman Scott , Cesaroni Matteo , Kota Smitha , Keith Brian , Simon M. Celeste , Puré Ellen , Radtke Fred , Capobianco Anthony J. , Kissil Joseph L. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The Notch pathway has been implicated in a number of malignancies with different roles that are cell- and tissue-type dependent. Notch1 is a putative oncogene in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and activation of the pathway represents a negative prognostic factor. To establish the role of Notch1 in lung adenocarcinoma, we directly assessed its requirement in Kras-induced tumorigenesis in vivo using an autochthonous model of lung adenocarcinoma with concomitant expression of oncogenic Kras and deletion of Notch1. We found that Notch1 function is required for tumor initiation via suppression of p53-mediated apoptosis through the regulation of p53 stability. These findings implicate Notch1 as a critical effector in Kras-driven lung adenocarcinoma and as a regulator of p53 at a posttranslational level. Moreover, our study provides new insights to explain, at a molecular level, the correlation between Notch1 activity and poor prognosis in patients with NSCLC carrying wild-type p53. This information is critical for design and implementation of new therapeutic strategies in this cohort of patients representing 50% of NSCLC cases. Cancer Res; 73(19); 5974–84. ©2013 AACR.
Genesis 1-11 from an Indonesian Perspective: A New Commentary by Gerrit Singgih
Authors: Hoekema Alle G. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
This article reflects on the relevance of the work of the Indonesian theologian Gerrit Singgih, a prominent contextual theologian and scholar in the field of the Old Testament. The article provides brief information about his work in general, mainly written in the Indonesian language, and then gives several examples of how Singgih deals with Genesis 1-11 in his recent commentary, From Eden to Babel. This commentary is both a scholarly work and at the same time a clear example of a contextual approach; it reveals that Singgih shows a preference for the universal aspects of the Old Testament. A few critical comments form the conclusion of this contribution.
A Hermeneutical Challenge in the Fight against hiv and aids in the Johane Marange Apostolic Church
Authors: Nenge Richard Tafara 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
This paper addresses the unique religious beliefs and practices of a prominent church in Zimbabwe, the Johane Marange Apostolic church. The Johane Marange Apostolic Church resists internationally accepted biomedical practices and social-cultural interventions in the fight against hiv and aids. The church resists these practices and interventions primarily because of its traditional Biblical interpretation. This paper argues that the church’s rejection of biomedicine and its promotion of deleterious marriage practices hamper Zimbabwe’s fight against aids. It advocates for a paradigm shift in the religious beliefs and practices of the Johane Marange Apostolic church including the valuing of girls’ and women’s education as part of the solution to overcome aids.
Understanding Convective Extreme Precipitation Scaling Using Observations and an Entraining Plume Model
Authors: Loriaux Jessica M. , Lenderink Geert , De Roode Stephan R. , Siebesma A. Pier 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Previously observed twice-Clausius–Clapeyron (2CC) scaling for extreme precipitation at hourly time scales has led to discussions about its origin. The robustness of this scaling is assessed by analyzing a subhourly dataset of 10-min resolution over the Netherlands. The results confirm the validity of the previously found 2CC scaling for extreme convective precipitation.
Using a simple entraining plume model, an idealized deep convective environmental temperature profile is perturbed to analyze extreme precipitation scaling from a frequently used relation based on the column condensation rate. The plume model simulates a steady precipitation increase that is greater than Clausius–Clapeyron scaling (super-CC scaling). Precipitation intensity increase is shown to be controlled by a flux of moisture through the cloud base and in-cloud lateral moisture convergence. Decomposition of this scaling relation into a dominant thermodynamic and additional dynamic component allows for better understanding of the scaling and demonstrates the importance of vertical velocity in both dynamic and thermodynamic scaling. Furthermore, systematically increasing the environmental stability by adjusting the temperature perturbations from constant to moist adiabatic increase reveals a dependence of the scaling on the change in environmental stability. As the perturbations become increasingly close to moist adiabatic, the scaling found by the entraining plume model decreases to CC scaling. Thus, atmospheric stability changes, which are expected to be dependent on the latitude, may well play a key role in the behavior of precipitation extremes in the future climate.
The Optimal State for Gravity Currents in Shear
Authors: Bryan George H. , Rotunno Richard 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis study examines the lifting of sheared environmental air by gravity currents, focusing primarily on the theoretical “optimal state” in which near-surface flow is turned into a vertically oriented jet. Theoretical models are presented from multiple perspectives, including the vorticity perspective that was first presented by Rotunno, Klemp, and Weisman and a flow-force balance perspective based on conservation of mass and momentum. The latter approach reveals a constraint on the depth of the environmental shear layer relative to the depth of the cold pool. Based on these control-volume constraints, a numerical solution for steady, inviscid, isentropic flow is obtained that shows how the cold-pool interface has a slightly concave shape and is nearly (although not strictly) vertical. Then, by initializing a time-dependent numerical model with a stagnant cold pool in an environment with low-level shear, it is shown that a statistically steady flow can be maintained with all the important elements of the analytic solution. Most notably, the front-relative flow is negligible behind the surface gust front at all levels, the interface of the cold pool maintains a predominantly vertical structure, and the net generation of vorticity by buoyancy within a control volume closely matches the horizontal flux of environmental vorticity on the side of the control volume. Sensitivity simulations confirm that the constraints identified by the analytic study must be met for the optimal state to be realized and that lifting of near-surface environmental air is optimized when a vertically oriented jet is created and maintained.
Discriminating Environmental Conditions for Significant Warm Sector and Boundary Tornadoes in Parts of the Great Plains
Authors: Boustead Joshua M. , Mayes Barbara E. , Gargan William , Leighton Jared L. , Phillips George , Schumacher Philip N. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Using system-relative composites, based on a dataset of significant tornadoes and null supercell events, environmental conditions associated with occurrences of significant tornadoes near discernible surface boundaries were compared to nontornadic boundary supercells, and warm sector significant tornadoes to nontornadic warm sector supercells, for a portion of the Great Plains. Results indicated that significant boundary tornadoes were associated with the exit region of a 300-hPa jet maximum, while null boundary events were in closer proximity to the 300-hPa jet entrance region. The differences at 300 hPa led to significant differences at the surface, as the null composite indicated deformation and confluence into the surface boundary and enhanced frontogenesis, while this was not present in the boundary significant tornado composite. Significant synoptic differences also were noted between the warm sector tornadoes and the warm sector null events. The warm sector significant tornadoes were associated with a much stronger, negatively tilted synoptic storm system, with the composite tornado in the 300-hPa jet exit region and downstream of increasing values of absolute vorticity. Additional thermodynamic and kinematic parameters pertaining to low-level moisture and environmental winds appeared to be important in distinguishing boundary and warm sector significant tornadoes from nontornadic supercell events. Statistical comparisons between boundary and warm sector significant tornado events showed significant differences in the climatology of their length, width, and date and time of occurrence.
Neonatal infections in Saudi Arabia: association with C-reactive protein, CRP -286 (C>T>A) gene polymorphism and IgG antibodies
Authors: Nasr Amre , Allam Gamal , Al-Zahrani Ali , Alsulaimani Adnan 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundC-reactive protein (CRP) is a nonspecific, acute-phase protein that rises in response to infectious and non-infectious inflammatory processes. Infections are the single largest cause of neonatal deaths globally.The primary aim of this study is to examine the association between CRP gene polymorphism and serum levels of CRP in correlation with early onset sepsis (EOS) infection in newborns living in Taif city, Saudi Arabia. The second aim is to examine the relationship between specific IgG/IgG subclasses and early onset sepsis (EOS) infection among these newborns.MethodsStaphylococcus aureus(S. aureus) is one of the most common organisms related to sepsis infection in the newborn at King Abdel Aziz Specialist Hospital (KAASH). This study was conducted in Taif city, at KAASH’s neonatal intensive care unit between March and August 2012. Neonates were consecutively enrolled onto the study having met our inclusion criteria (as per our research protocol).The CRP concentration level was analysed using NycoCard® CRP Single Test.CRP -286 (C>T>A) Apolymorphisms were analyzed using Pyrosequencing technology forCRPgenotyping. IgG subclasses were analysed in the study population using ELISA.ResultLogistic regression analyses showed that the AA and AC genotypes were negatively associated amongst EOS neonates compared to suspected neonates. The frequency of CC and CT were significantly associated with the EOS neonates compared to the suspected group. The levels of specific IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3 antibodies were significantly lower amongst EOS compared to the suspected group.ConclusionsTaken together, theCRP-286 (C>T>A) Agenotype polymorphism and specific IgG antibodies isotype levels can contribute to a reduced risk of EOS. Furthermore, CRP has a potential use in detecting EOS in neonates, which may mean earlier detection and management of EOS and subsequently better clinical outcome.
AtCTF7 is required for establishment of sister chromatid cohesion and association of cohesin with chromatin during meiosis in Arabidopsis
Authors: Singh Dipesh K , Andreuzza Sebastien , Panoli Aneesh P , Siddiqi Imran 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Background
The establishment of sister chromatid cohesion followed by its controlled release at the metaphase to anaphase transition is necessary for faithful segregation of chromosomes in mitosis and meiosis. Cohesion is established by the action of Ctf7/Eco1 on the cohesin complex during DNA replication following loading of cohesin onto chromatin by the Scc2-Scc4 complex. Ctf7 is also required for sister chromatid cohesion during repair of DNA double strand breaks. Ctf7 contains an acetyltransferase domain and a zinc finger motif and acetylates conserved lysine residues in the Smc3 subunit of cohesin. In Arabidopsis CTF7 is encoded by a single gene and mutations in AtCTF7 cause embryo lethality indicating that the gene is essential.

Results
To study the function of Ctf7 in plants and to determine its role in sister chromatid cohesion, we constructed a conditional allele of AtCTF7 in Arabidopsis using an inducible RNA interference (RNAi) strategy, so as to avoid the embryo lethality caused by mutations in AtCTF7. We found that induction of RNAi against AtCTF7 caused severe inhibition and defects in growth during vegetative and reproductive stages as well as sterility. AtCTF7-RNAi plants displayed chromosome fragmentation and loss of sister chromatid cohesion during meiosis. Immunostaining for the cohesion subunit AtSCC3 showed a marked reduction in association of cohesin with chromatin during meiosis in AtCTF7-RNAi plants.

Conclusions
We find that AtCTF7 is essential for sister chromatid cohesion during meiosis in Arabidopsis and is required for association of cohesin with chromatin in prophase of meiosis.
Association between interleukin 1β and interleukin 10 concentrations: a cross-sectional study in young adolescents in Taiwan
Authors: Chang Jung-Su , Chang Chun-Chao , Chien Eve Yiwen , Lin Sean S-H , Cheng-Shiuan Tsai , Bai Chyi-Huey , Chao Kuo-Ching 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Background
In adults, low circulating interleukin 10 (IL10) has been associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, studies investigating IL10 in overweight and obese children have yielded conflicting results. The aim of this study was to investigate factors associated with serum IL10 concentration in young Chinese adolescents.

Methods
Young adolescents (n=325) ages 13.33±1.10 years were recruited into the cross-sectional study from 2010 to 2011. Parameters of obesity, individual components of MetS, iron status and serum IL10 were evaluated.

Results
Compared with their normal weight counterparts, overweight adolescents had lower serum IL10 but higher TNFα, nitric oxide (NO) and IL1β concentrations (all p<0.05). Obese adolescents had increased IL1β but decreased hepcidin concentration compared with normal weight (p<0.01 and p<0.05; respectively). A strong inverse relationship (p<0.0001) was found between IL10 and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα and IL1β). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed serum IL1β was significantly correlated with IL10 (β=−0.156, p<0.0001). When overweight and obese adolescents were assessed separately from normal weight, only IL1β was inversely associated with serum IL10 (β=−0.231, p=0.0009). The association between IL10 and IL1β was weaker in adolescents with normal weight (β=−0.157, p=0.0002), after adjusting for gender, TNFα, IFNγ and NO.

Conclusions
Our study confirmed that low IL10 concentration is associated with overweight and obesity in young adolescents. We also demonstrated for the first time that pro-inflammatory cytokine IL1β is independently associated with IL10. A decline in IL10 concentration in overweight and obese adolescents may further contribute to the IL1β-mediated inflammatory environment associated with obesity.
Impact of a referral management “gateway” on the quality of referral letters; a retrospective time series cross sectional review
Authors: Xiang Ally , Smith Helen , Hine Paul , Mason Katy , Lanza Stefania , Cave Anna , Sergeant Jonathan , Nicholson Zoe , Devlin Peter 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Background
Referral management centres (RMC) for elective referrals are designed to facilitate the primary to secondary care referral path, by improving quality of referrals and easing pressures on finite secondary care services, without inadvertently compromising patient care.
This study aimed to evaluate whether the introduction of a RMC which includes triage and feedback improved the quality of elective outpatient referral letters.

Methods
Retrospective, time-series, cross-sectional review involving 47 general practices in one primary care trust (PCT) in South-East England. Comparison of a random sample of referral letters at baseline (n = 301) and after seven months of referral management (n = 280). Letters were assessed for inclusion of four core pieces of information which are used locally to monitor referral quality (blood pressure, body mass index, past medical history, medication history) and against research-based quality criteria for referral letters (provision of clinical information and clarity of reason for referral).

Results
Following introduction of the RMC, the proportion of letters containing each of the core items increased compared to baseline. Statistically significant increases in the recording of ‘past medical history’ (from 71% to 84%, p < 0.001) and ‘medication history’ (78% to 87%, p = 0.006) were observed. Forty four percent of letters met the research-based quality criteria at baseline but there was no significant change in quality of referral letters judged on these criteria across the two time periods.

Conclusion
Introduction of RMC has improved the inclusion of past medical history and medication history in referral letters, but not other measures of quality. In approximately half of letters there remains room for further improvement.