bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TEM-processed defect densities in single-layer TMDCs and their substrate-dependent signature in PL and Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Moses Badlyan Narine , Quincke Moritz , Kaiser Ute , Maultzsch Janina 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The optical properties of the direct-bandgap transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) MoS2 and WS2 are heavily influenced by their atomic defect structure and substrate interaction. In this work we use low-voltage chromatic and spherical aberration (CC/CS)-corrected high-resolution transmission electron microscopy to simultaneously create and image chalcogen vacancies in TMDCs. However, correlating the defect structure, produced and analyzed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), with optical spectroscopy often presents challenges because of very different fields of view and sample platforms involved. Here we employ a reverse transfer technique to transfer electron-irradiated single-layer MoS2 and WS2 from the TEM grid to various substrates for subsequent optical examination. The dynamics of defect creation are studied in atomic resolution on a separate sample, which allows to apply the derived statistics to larger irradiated areas on the other samples. The intensity of both the defect-bound exciton peak in photoluminescence (PL) and the defect-induced LA(M) mode in Raman spectra increase with defect density. The best substrates for defect-density determination by optical spectroscopy are polystyrene for PL and SiC and Si/SiO2 for Raman spectroscopy. These investigations represent an important step towards the quantification of defects using solely optical spectroscopy, paving the way for fast, reliable, and automatable optical quality control of optoelectronic devices.
Mechanical behavior and critical current density variation of the twisted stacked-tape slotted-core cable-in-conduit conductor under bending and axial tensile load
Authors: Liu Yang , Gao Yuanwen 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The second generation (2G) high-temperature superconducting (HTS) REBCO tape and the HTS cable made by the REBCO company are considered to be alternative materials for future superconducting magnet design due to their exceptional performance. The twisted stacked-tape slotted-core (TSSC) cable-in-conduit-conductor cable, which is one of the crucial layout structures in HTS cables, has been extensively studied by numerous research groups over the years. In this paper, a 3D finite element model of the TSSC HTS cable under bending and axial tensile loads is established using the bilinear isotropic hardening model in COMSOL commercial finite element software. The mechanical behavior of the TSSC cable under bending and axial tensile loads, as well as the evolution process of overall cable performance and critical current of individual tapes inside slots, are revealed by conducting mechanical analysis and using an empirical fitting formula between the critical current density of the 2G HTS tapes and axial strain. Furthermore, optimization engineering suggestions for its structure are provided, such as reducing the twist pitch, decreasing the tape width, increasing the number of tapes, reducing the slot width while avoiding direct contact between tapes and slot walls, increasing the number of slots, increasing diameter of diversion trench and inner diameter of helical core under predominant bending loads. In the case of axial tensile loads, the aforementioned suggestions are also applicable except for the inner and outer diameters of the helical core. The critical current performance can be enhanced by augmenting the outer diameter of the helical core in this case. However, it is almost unaffected by the inner diameter of the helical core.
Effects of K excess in microstructure of (Ba0.6K0.4)Fe2As2 superconducting powders
Authors: Bellingeri Emilio , Bernini Cristina , Loria Federico , Traverso Andrea , Leveratto Alessandro , Braccini Valeria , Ballarino Amalia , Malagoli Andrea 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Iron-based superconductors (IBSs) are promising for high-field applications due to their exceptional characteristics, like ultrahigh upper critical field and minimal electromagnetic anisotropy. Creating multifilamentary superconducting wires with elevated transport critical current density is essential for practical use. The Powder in Tube (PIT) technique is commonly used for this purpose, but achieving optimal results requires careful exploration of powder microstructural properties. This is particularly crucial for superconductors like (Ba,K)122, the IBS most promising from an applicative point of view, where factors such as reactivity, volatility, and toxicity of constituent elements affect phase formation. Potassium volatility often leads to nonstoichiometric conditions, introducing excess potassium in the formulation. This study focuses on the impact of potassium excess δ on the microstructural properties of the ‘optimally doped’ (Ba0.6K0.4+δ
)Fe2As2 phase (0 ⩽ δ ⩽ 0.08). Using techniques like Scanning Electron Microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and temperature-dependent magnetization measurements, we demonstrate the ability to produce nearly pure powders of the superconducting phase with controlled grain size. Our findings are relevant for PIT wire fabrication, where grain size strongly affects mechanical deformation. Grain size also influences transport properties, as observed in previous studies, where reducing grain size enhanced current-carrying capability at high magnetic fields.
Coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian model prediction of neural tissue strain during microelectrode insertion
Authors: O’Sullivan K P , Coats B 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective. Implanted neural microelectrodes are an important tool for recording from and stimulating the cerebral cortex. The performance of chronically implanted devices, however, is often hindered by the development of a reactive tissue response. Previous computational models have investigated brain strain from micromotions of neural electrodes after they have been inserted, to investigate design parameters that might minimize triggers to the reactive tissue response. However, these models ignore tissue damage created during device insertion, an important contributing factor to the severity of inflammation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of electrode geometry, insertion speed, and surface friction on brain tissue strain during insertion. Approach. Using a coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian approach, we developed a 3D finite element model (FEM) that simulates the dynamic insertion of a neural microelectrode in brain tissue. Geometry was varied to investigate tip bluntness, cross-sectional shape, and shank thickness. Insertion velocities were varied from 1 to 8 m s−1. Friction was varied from frictionless to 0.4. Tissue strain and potential microvasculature hemorrhage radius were evaluated for brain regions along the electrode shank and near its tip. Main results. Sharper tips resulted in higher mean max principal strains near the tip except for the bluntest tip on the square cross-section electrode, which exhibited high compressive strain values due to stress concentrations at the corners. The potential vascular damage radius around the electrode was primarily a function of the shank diameter, with smaller shank diameters resulting in smaller distributions of radial strain around the electrode. However, the square shank interaction with the tip taper length caused unique strain distributions that increased the damage radius in some cases. Faster insertion velocities created more strain near the tip but less strain along the shank. Increased friction between the brain and electrode created more strain near the electrode tip and along the shank, but frictionless interactions resulted in increased tearing of brain tissue near the tip. Significance. These results demonstrate the first dynamic FEM study of neural electrode insertion, identifying design factors that can reduce tissue strain and potentially mitigate initial reactive tissue responses due to traumatic microelectrode array insertion.
Histo-pillar strip for optimal histogel block construction and biomarker analysis in 3D-lung cancer patient-derived organoids
Authors: Lee Sang-Yun , Lee Eunyoung , Ryu Ji-O , Kim Kyuhwan , Hwang Yongki , Ku Bosung , Moon Seok Whan , Moon Mi Hyoung , Kim Kyung Soo , Hyun Kwanyong , Lim Jeong Uk , Park Chan Kwon , Kim Sung Won , Yeo Chang Dong , Lee Dong Woo , Kim Seung Joon 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study proposed an optimized histogel construction method for histological analysis by applying lung cancer patient-derived organoids (PDOs) to the developed histo-pillar strip. Previously, there is the cultured PDOs damage problem during the histogel construction due to forced detachment of the Matrigel spots from the 96-well plate bottom. To address this issue, we cultured PDO on the proposed Histo-pillar strips and then immersed them in 4% paraformaldehyde fixation solution to self-isolate PDO without damage. The 4 μl patient-derived cell (PDC)/Matrigel mixtures were dispensed on the surface of a U-shaped histo-pillar strip, and the PDCs were aggregated by gravity and cultured into PDOs. Cultured PDOs were self-detached by simply immersing them in a paraformaldehyde fixing solution without physical processing, showing about two times higher cell recovery rate than conventional method. In addition, we proposed a method for embedding PDOs under conditions where the histogel temperature was maintained such that the histogel did not harden, thereby improving the problem of damaging the histogel block in the conventional sandwich histogel construction method. We performed histological and genotyping analyses using tumor tissues and PDOs from two patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Therefore, the PDO culture and improved histogel block construction method using the histo-pillar strip proposed in this study can be employed as useful tools for the histological analysis of a limited number of PDCs.
Constructing three-dimensional GO/CNT@NMP aerogels towards primary lithium metal batteries
Authors: Yang Xuesong , Wang Yuao , Li Zhuo , Cheng Zhuoying , Gao Yinyi , Zhu Kai , Cao Dianxue 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) can serve as cathode material for a viable primary lithium metal battery due to its richness in oxygen-containing functional groups. However, its application is hindered by non-conductivity of GO. Herein, a proposed electrode structure design strategy is carried to regulate the electron and ion conductivity of the graphene oxide aerogel (GO/CNT@NMP) electrode while retaining the original energy density. GO/CNT@NMP exhibits a discharge specific capacity of 703 mAh g−1 and an ultra-high energy density of 1655.76 Wh kg−1 at a low rate of 0.02 A g−1. Additionally, it achieves a maximum discharge rate of 1.4 A g−1, five times higher than the initial maximum discharge rate of GO. Characterization and electrochemical tests reveal that the excellent performance of GO/CNT@NMP can be attributed to its porous structure, high electrical conductivity, and large layer spacing. This study presents a potent strategy for the advancement of ultra-fast primary batteries, aiming to integrate ultra-high energy density and high-rate discharge capabilities.
Synthesis of Fe3O4 embedded LIG via laser ablation of PI/Fe(acac)3 film for enhanced electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Wu Dun , Wang Nan , Zhao Jiaming , Liu Jiaqi , Zhou Rudong , Cheng Junfeng , Liu Chunlin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Hydrogen production via electrocatalytic water splitting is generally considered as an efficient and eco-friendly strategy for energy storage. The exploration of novel electrocatalytic cathode material towards hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) has never ended. Laser induced graphene (LIG), as a cheap and porous material with large surface area, not only can be used as a carrier of active substances for collaborative catalysis towards hydrogen evolution, but also can be directly used as catalytic electrode via heteroatoms doping. We synthesized Fe3O4 embedded LIG via laser ablation of polyimide (PI)/Fe(acac)3 film and tested its HER electrocatalytic performance. An overpotential of 269 mV was obtained under the current density of 10 mA cm−2 with a slight current decay in the 10 h chronoamperometric examination in 1 M KOH electrolyte. This work provides an insight into methods of optimizing electrochemical properties and improving catalytic activity of LIG based materials. The performance of our Fe3O4 embedded LIG demonstrates the potential of LIG based materials as next generation HER electrocatalyst.
Bang-bang optimal control in coherent spin dynamics of radical pairs in quantum biology
Authors: Abdulla Ugur G , Rodrigues Jose , Jimenez Pablo , Zhen Chenming , Martino Carlos 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Optimal control of the external electromagnetic field input for the maximization of the quantum triplet-singlet yield of the radical pairs in biochemical reactions modeled by Schrödinger system with spin Hamiltonians given by the sum of Zeeman interaction and hyperfine coupling interaction terms are analyzed. Fréchet differentiability and Pontryagin Maximum Principle in Hilbert space is proved and the bang-bang structure of the optimal control is established. A closed optimality system of nonlinear differential equations for the identification of the bang-bang optimal control is revealed. Numerical methods for the identification of the bang-bang optimal control based on the Pontryagin maximum principle are developed. Numerical simulations are pursued, and the convergence and stability of the numerical methods are demonstrated. The results contribute towards understanding the structure-function relationship of the putative magnetoreceptor to manipulate and enhance quantum coherences at room temperature and leveraging biofidelic function to inspire novel quantum devices.
Conductive graphene-based coagulated composites for electronic printing applications
Authors: Sankar Manoj Aravind , R Prasanna 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Graphene is gaining significance in applications such as sensors, antennas, photonics and spintronics. In particular, it is suitable for printing components and circuits affording the properties of high conductivity alongside flexibility, elasticity and wearability. For this application, graphene is typically customised into a fluidic form—ink or paint. This paper reports a novel, economical, scalable methodology for synthesising electrically conductive graphene-based coagulated composite that could be utilised in the above-mentioned applications. Composites are prepared from graphene powder/ink and screen-printing ink (GP–SPI and GI–SPI, respectively) at different mass ratios, and the optimal composition is identified by brush coating on paper in the form of rectangular strips. As a proof of concept, at optimum mass ratios, the GP–SPI and GI–SPI composites exhibit electrical conductivities ranging 0.068–0.702 mS m−1 and 0.0303–0.1746 μS m−1, in order. The as-prepared conductive composites are then screen-printed onto a square with an area of 1 cm2 on ceramic, FR4, glass, paper, polyester and wood substrates. The coagulated GP–SPI and GI–SPI composites are compatible with all these substrates and yield a conductive coating, demonstrating their suitability in multifaceted applications. Furthermore, the method proposed herein eliminates the need for rare/precious expensive materials, state-of-the art equipment, highly skilled personnel and costs associated with the same, thereby broadening the avenues for low-cost, fluidic graphene-based functional composites.
A kind of single-phase full bandgaps phononic crystals and experimental evidence
Authors: Liu Tianyan , Li Pengzhou , Zhang Kun , Peng Fanglan , Zhou Ding , Zhang Yumiao 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The exceptional performance of locally resonant phononic crystals (PCs) in vibration attenuation and noise reduction within nuclear power plants has garnered widespread attention in scholarly circles. To address the need for improved predictive accuracy in substrate structures characterized by significant flexibility, a one-dimensional mechanical model rooted in the mass-spring chain paradigm has been established. This model offers a straightforward and accurate means of predicting the lower and upper frequencies of the initial bandgap within locally resonant phononic crystals. Moreover, the dynamic model elucidates modal characteristics and vibrational responses inherent to locally resonant phononic crystals. Utilizing the proposed model, a singular-phase phononic crystal structure boasting full bandgaps has been devised. This structure facilitates the omnidirectional acquisition of locally resonant bandgaps across an exceedingly low-frequency spectrum through the incorporation of cantilever beam elements. Such a design holds immense promise within the realm of large-scale mechanical vibration isolation. As a means of validation, steel samples embodying this phononic crystal model were fabricated. Experimental results demonstrated an insertion loss of approximately 18.67 dB, affirming the vibration isolation efficacy of the singular-phase phononic crystal configuration.
Effect of hybrid conductive fillers coating on woven jute fiber and its characterization
Authors: Krishnasamy Prabu , Goudilyan Mylsamy , C Kannan , G Rajamurugan , Ahamed M Arshath , Krishna Rohith , Vishwas R 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Despite the recent developments in fiber coating technology during the last decade, the coating of natural fibers still poses challenges. The present work aims to develop a novel electrically conductive jute fiber (JF) through electroless nickel-phosphorus (Ni-P) composite coating with hybrid reinforcements (graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and carbon black (CB)). Four different jute fiber-coated samples are prepared and identified as Ni-P/JF, Ni-P/GNPs/JF, Ni-P/CB/JF, and Ni-P/GNPs/CB/JF. The effect of hybrid reinforcements is studied through field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and four-probe test to identify the morphological changes, elemental compositions, functional groups, phase structure and the electrical conductivity. A significant change was observed in the microstructure, diffraction peaks, and electrical conductivity of coated jute fiber with reinforcements. The best electrical conductivity of 13.141 S cm
−1 is exhibited by Ni-P/GNPs/JF, while the minimum is registered with the Ni-P/CB/JF sample (9.597 S cm
−1). The electrical conductivity of Ni-P composite coating with hybrid reinforcements (Ni-P/GNPs/CB/JF) is shown to be 17% higher and 19% lower than Ni-P/GNPs/JF and Ni-P/CB/JF samples, respectively.
The Naturalist’s Case for Error Theory
Authors: Joyce Richard 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Moral naturalists maintain that moral properties (such as moral goodness, wrongness, evil, and praiseworthiness) can be accommodated within the scientific worldview. This chapter claims that moral naturalism is false, because moral normativity has features that the naturalistic worldview cannot deliver. It examines some kinds of normativity that pose no problem for the ontological naturalist, including hypothetical imperatives and categorical imperatives that are derived from human-made institutions. But these are not good contenders for providing moral normativity. Many basic moral properties are fundamentally treated as reason-supplying: when one says “Don’t do X because it’s morally wrong,” the moral wrongness of X is supposed to inherently provide a reason for refraining. No naturalistic property has this feature, however, and thus there is no place for moral wrongness in the natural world.
Epilogue
Authors: Joyce Richard 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
David Lewis claims that “strictly speaking” no moral properties exist, but that one may instead opt to speak “loosely,” referring to naturalistic properties that satisfy most but not all of what we might ordinarily think about moral properties. Thus although Lewis defends a version of moral naturalism, he allows that the moral error theorist might be warranted in maintaining their skepticism. This chapter-length epilogue explores this kind of ecumenical approach to metaethics. Along the way, two historical comparisons are examined: how the evolution of the word “magician” followed a different trajectory from that of “witch.” According to the ecumenical view, we should choose between moral naturalism and moral error theory on practical grounds (or “temperament,” as Lewis says). But this pragmatic approach would not automatically favor the naturalist, and, ultimately, practical considerations still speak in favor of taking an attitude of nondoxastic acceptance toward morality.
Egyptian Religious Traditions under Foreign Domination
Authors: Baum Robert M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter analyzes the sustained interaction among Egyptian religions, already influenced by Greek and Nubian traditions, and new religious communities of Jews, Zoroastrians, and Christians. Egyptian religions continued to be practiced until the early sixth century, spreading Egyptian cults to the far reaches of the Roman Empire. Bitter struggles between Egyptian and Christian communities persisted throughout most of this period. Egypt became a center of Christian learning and practice as well as an important source of minority traditions within Christianity, the Monophysites and the Arians. Egyptian practices associated with the Isis cult and with incubation influenced Christian practice. Saint Anthony of the Desert and Pachomius played central roles in the development of the ascetic and monastic traditions.
Genomic privacy preservation in genome-wide association studies: taxonomy, limitations, challenges, and vision
Authors: Aherrahrou Noura , Tairi Hamid , Aherrahrou Zouhair 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGenome-wide association studies (GWAS) serve as a crucial tool for identifying genetic factors associated with specific traits. However, ethical constraints prevent the direct exchange of genetic information, prompting the need for privacy preservation solutions. To address these issues, earlier works are based on cryptographic mechanisms such as homomorphic encryption, secure multi-party computing, and differential privacy. Very recently, federated learning has emerged as a promising solution for enabling secure and collaborative GWAS computations. This work provides an extensive overview of existing methods for GWAS privacy preserving, with the main focus on collaborative and distributed approaches. This survey provides a comprehensive analysis of the challenges faced by existing methods, their limitations, and insights into designing efficient solutions.