bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between the human papillomavirus, bacterial vaginosis and cervicitis and the detection of abnormalities in cervical smears from teenage girls and young women
Authors: Caixeta Rodrigo Cesar Assis , Ribeiro Andrea Alves , Segatti Kelly Deyse , Saddi Vera Aparecida , Figueiredo Alves Rosane Ribeiro , dos Santos Carneiro Megmar Aparecida , Rabelo‐Santos Silvia Helena 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infection, bacterial vaginosis (BV), and cervicitis may play a role in the presence of cytological abnormalities in female adolescents and young women. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of HPV, BV and cervicitis in female adolescents and young women and evaluate whether these conditions are associated with a finding of cytological abnormalities in cervical smears.MethodsCervical smears were screened using the conventional method and HPV‐DNA detection was performed by PGMY‐PCR. BV was defined as ≥20% clue cells in cervical smears. Cervicitis was assessed by counting leukocytes in five non‐adjacent microscopic fields at 1000× magnification. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated.ResultsThe study analyzed 251 samples, with cytological abnormalities being found in 9.5% (24/251). Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (50.0%) and low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (29.1%) were the most common findings. HPV, BV and cervicitis were found in 44.2% (111/251), 41.0% (103/251) and 83.2% (209/251) of cases, respectively. Of the variables investigated, BV and an abnormal cytological diagnosis were independently associated with HPV positivity. Cytological abnormalities were significantly associated with a finding of HPV and BV in the same woman, and also with a simultaneous finding of HPV, BV and cervicitis; however, the independent association of these combined variables did not remain significant in the multivariate analysis.ConclusionsBV and cytological abnormalities were independently associated with HPV infection in female adolescents and young women. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2015;43:780–785. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cytomorphology of palpable breast lesions: Diagnostic utility of FNAC in a developing country
Authors: Elmadhoun Wadie M. , Almobarak Ahmed O. , Ibrahim Abdelrahman M. , Bushara Sarra , Noor Sufian K. , Husain Nazik Elmalaika O.S. , Ahmed Mohamed H. 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundBreast lesions including breast cancer represent a major public health issue in Sudan. Fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is an established, simple, highly accurate, minimally invasive, and cost‐effective method of diagnosing most breast lesions. The aim of this study is to document the most common breast conditions diagnosed by means of FNAC over a two‐year period in Atbara, a city in north Sudan.MethodsA retrospective, descriptive, cross‐sectional, laboratory‐based study in which records of all palpable breast lesions diagnosed by FNAC in the years 2012 and 2013 were reviewed and analyzed.ResultsThe total number of cases studied was 232; most subjects, 222 (95.7%), were females. The age range was 15–90 years (mean 38.2). Painless lump was the most common 190 (81.9%) clinical presentation. The left breast was affected more often than the right breast, 56.0% vs. 40.5%. Benign conditions were 167 (72%). Malignant neoplasms were 65 (28.0%). The most important associations with malignancy were female sex, age above 35 years, multiparity, painless lump at upper outer quadrant of left breast, lump size above 2 cm and the presence of an enlarged ipsilateral axillary lymph node at presentation.ConclusionIn the northern part of Sudan, the prevalence of malignant breast lesions diagnosed by FNAC is more than one fourth of all cases presenting with palpable breast lumps. FNAC is a technique that is ideal for use in resource‐limited health settings. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2015;43:825–829. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The use and abuse of genetic marker‐based estimates of relatedness and inbreeding
Authors: Taylor Helen R. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractGenetic marker‐based estimators remain a popular tool for measuring relatedness (rxy) and inbreeding (F) coefficients at both the population and individual level. The performance of these estimators fluctuates with the number and variability of markers available, and the relatedness composition and demographic history of a population. Several methods are available to evaluate the reliability of the estimates of rxy and F, some of which are implemented in the program COANCESTRY. I used the simulation module in COANCESTRY since assess the performance of marker‐based estimators of rxy and F in a species with very low genetic diversity, New Zealand's little spotted kiwi (Apteryx owenii). I also conducted a review of published papers that have used COANCESTRY as its release to assess whether and how the reliability of the estimates of rxy and F produced by genetic markers are being measured and reported in published studies. My simulation results show that even when the correlation between true (simulated) and estimated rxy or F is relatively high (Pearson's r = 0.66–0.72 and 0.81–0.85, respectively) the imprecision of the estimates renders them highly unreliable on an individual basis. The literature review demonstrates that the majority of studies do not report the reliability of marker‐based estimates of rxy and F. There is currently no standard practice for selecting the best estimator for a given data set or reporting an estimator's performance. This could lead to experimental results being interpreted out of context and render the robustness of conclusions based on measures of rxy and F debatable.
Determinants of between‐year burrow re‐occupation in a colony of the European bee‐eater Merops apiaster
Authors: Brust Vera , Bastian Hans‐Valentin , Bastian Anita , Schmoll Tim 
Published: July 2015

AbstractRe‐occupation of existing nesting burrows in the European bee‐eater Merops apiaster has only rarely – and if so mostly anecdotically – been documented in the literature record, although such behavior would substantially save time and energy. In this study, we quantify burrow re‐occupation in a German colony over a period of eleven years and identify ecological variables determining reuse probability. Of 179 recorded broods, 54% took place in a reused burrow and the overall probability that one of 75 individually recognized burrows would be reused in a given subsequent year was estimated as 26.4%. This indicates that between‐year burrow reuse is a common behavior in the study colony which contrasts with findings from studies in other colonies. Furthermore, burrow re‐occupation probability declined highly significantly with increasing age of the breeding wall. Statistical separation of within‐ and between‐burrow effects of the age of the breeding wall revealed that a decline in re‐occupation probability with individual burrow age was responsible for this and not a selective disappearance of burrows with high re‐occupation probability over time. Limited duty cycles of individual burrows may be caused by accumulating detritus or decreasing stability with increasing burrow age. Alternatively, burrow fidelity may presuppose pair fidelity which may also explain the observed restricted burrow reuse duty cycles. A consequent next step would be to extend our within‐colony approach to other colonies and compare the ecological circumstances under which bee‐eaters reuse breeding burrows.
Validation of daily increment formation in otoliths for Gymnocypris selincuoensis in the Tibetan Plateau, China
Authors: Ding Chengzhi , Chen Yifeng , He Dekui , Tao Juan 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDaily increment validation in fish otolith is fundamental to studies on fish otolith microstructure, age determination and life history traits, and thus is critical for species conservation and fishery management. However, it has never been done for Schizothoracine fish, which is the dominant component of fish fauna in the Tibetan Plateau. This study validated the daily increment formation of Gymnocypris selincuoensis, as a representative of Schizothoracine fish, by monitoring the growth of hatchery‐reared larvae group and wild‐caught post‐yolk‐sac larvae group under controlled experiments. The results from monitoring the hatchery‐reared larvae group showed that sagittae and lapilli were found in yolk‐sac larvae, and formed 5–7 days before hatching, but asterisci were not found until 11 days post‐hatching. The first increment in sagittae and lapilli was formed in the first day after hatching. The daily periodicity of increment formation was examined and confirmed in sagittae and lapilli of both larvae groups. However, sagittae were better for age determination than lapilli for larvae at earlier days. For larval G. selincuoensis older than 50 days, lapilli were the only otolith pair suitable for larvae daily age determination. This study validated the daily increment formation in Schizothoracine fish for the first time has primary implications to other fishes from this subfamily.
Ten years of life in compost: temporal and spatial variation of North German Caenorhabditis elegans populations
Authors: Petersen Carola , Saebelfeld Manja , Barbosa Camilo , Pees Barbara , Hermann Ruben Joseph , Schalkowski Rebecca , Strathmann Eike Andreas , Dirksen Philipp , Schulenburg Hinrich 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a central laboratory model system in almost all biological disciplines, yet its natural life history and population biology are largely unexplored. Such information is essential for in‐depth understanding of the nematode's biology because its natural ecology provides the context, in which its traits and the underlying molecular mechanisms evolved. We characterized natural phenotypic and genetic variation among North German C. elegans isolates. We used the unique opportunity to compare samples collected 10 years apart from the same compost heap and additionally included recent samples for this and a second site, collected across a 1.5‐year period. Our analysis revealed significant population genetic differentiation between locations, across the 10‐year time period, but for only one location a trend across the shorter time frame. Significant variation was similarly found for phenotypic traits of likely importance in nature, such as choice behavior and population growth in the presence of pathogens or naturally associated bacteria. Phenotypic variation was significantly influenced by C. elegans genotype, time of isolation, and sampling site. The here studied C. elegans isolates may provide a valuable, genetically variable resource for future dissection of naturally relevant gene functions.
Dye‐Sensitized Solar‐Cell Performance of a Cobalt(III/II) Redox Mediator with the 2,6‐Bis(8‐quinolinyl)pyridine Ligand
Authors: Lee Nicholas A. , Frenzel Blaise A. , Rochford Jonathan , Hightower Sean E. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractOptical and electrochemical properties of the homoleptic cobalt(III/II) complexes mer,mer‐[Co(tpy‐κ3N,N′,N″)]n+ and mer,mer‐[Co(bqp‐κ3N,N′,N″)]n+ (n = 3+ or 2+) are presented [tpy = 2,2′:6′,2″‐terpyridine; bqp = 2,6‐bis(8′‐quinolinyl)pyridine]. Both [Co(tpy)2]3+/2+ and [Co(bqp)2]3+/2+ systems have been used to formulate redox‐mediator electrolytes for application in dye‐sensitized solar‐cell (DSSC) devices with the MK‐2 dye TiO2 sensitizer. The [Co(tpy)2]3+/2+‐based electrolyte shows a slightly higher percentage power‐conversion efficiency (η = 4.47 %) in a DSSC device relative to the [Co(bqp)2]3+/2+‐based electrolyte (η = 3.73 %). Although the [Co(bqp)2]3+/2+ electrolyte shows a slightly higher open‐circuit potential (VOC = 0.79 V), it suffers from a reduced short‐circuit current (JSC = 6.21 mA cm–2) relative to that of the [Co(tpy)2]3+/2+ system (JSC = 10.84 mA cm–2). Tafel and electrochemical impedance analysis (EIS) of symmetric FTO/Pt||Pt/FTO cells, as well as EIS and chronocoulometry of the functional DSSC device are presented. Collectively, this data points toward a decreased turnover of the CoIII/II redox couple at the Pt counter electrode for the [Co(bqp)2]3+/2+ system concomitant with an increased resistance to mass‐transfer diffusion.
Back‐to‐Back Screen‐Printed Electroanalytical Sensors: Extending the Potential Applications of the Simplistic Design
Authors: Ruas de Souza Ana P. , Bertotti Mauro , Foster Christopher W. , Banks Craig E. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn our previous paper (Analyst, 2014, 139, 5339) we introduced the concept of the back‐to‐back electrochemical design where the commonly overlooked back of screen‐printed electrodes are utilised to provide electroanalytical enhancements in screen‐printed electroanalytical sensors. In this configuration the overall sensor comprises of a flexible polyester substrate which has a total of two working, counter and reference electrodes present on the sensor, with a set of electrodes on each side of the substrate. The sensors are designed to allow for a commonly shared electrical connection to the potentiostat and do not require any specialised connections. In this paper we demonstrate proof‐of‐concept extending the electroanalytical utility of the back‐to‐back screen‐printed electrode sensors to bulk modified single‐walled carbon‐nanotubes and electrocatalytic cobalt phthalocyanine microband electrodes. The electroanalytical applications of these novel electrode configuration are exemplified towards the sensing of dopamine, capsaicin and hydrazine. This paper demonstrates the versatility of the back‐to‐back configuration where different surface modifications can be readily employed giving rise to enhancements in sensor performance.
Determination of Cysteine at Bismuth Nanostructure – Carbon Ionic Liquid Electrode by Square Wave Voltammetry
Authors: Safavi Afsaneh , Abbaspour Abdolkarim , Ajamian Maral 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBismuth nanostructure‐carbon ionic liquid electrode has been employed for sensitive determination of cysteine (Cys). Bismuth nanostructure was incorporated into the carbon ionic liquid electrode (CILE) and applied for determination of cysteine. An interaction was taking place between bismuth nanostructure and the thiol group of cysteine. The bismuth cysteinate complex oxidation potential occurred at more negative potential compared to the cysteine oxidation peak obtained at bare carbon ionic liquid electrode (CILE). Square wave voltammetry (SWV) was used for the determination of the cysteine and satisfactory results were obtained. The calibration curve was linear in the concentration range of 1 to 500 µM and 0.5–2 mM of Cys. A low detection limit of 0.5 µM was achieved for Cys. The electrode showed a good selectivity for determination of cysteine in the presence of other amino acids. The proposed electrode was satisfactory applied for the determination of cysteine in human serum plasma sample.
Voltammetric Simultaneous Determination of Cu2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+ in Full Aqueous Medium Using Organic Nanoparticles of Disulfide Based Receptor
Authors: Singh Jasminder , Huerta‐Aguilar † Carlos Alberto , Singh † Harpreet , Pandiyan Thangarasu , Singh Narinder 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDisulfide based receptor was prepared using single step condensation reaction and suspended into organic nanoparticles to extend its practical application in aqueous samples. The prepared nanoparticles were used for the simultaneous recognition of three different metallic species (Cu2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+) in aqueous media through voltammetric studies. These metals can be determined simultaneously and without interferences from any of the other potential interferent metal ions, as different signals are displayed in cyclic as well as differential pulse voltammograms, with a detection limit of 193.0 nM for Cu2+, 52.0 nM for Cd2+ and 32.0 nM for Pb2+. The study was extended to real sample analysis by preparing the artificial mixtures of said metal ions.
Quasi‐simultaneous Mapping of Local Current Density, pH and Dissolved O2
Authors: Taryba Maryna G. , Montemor M. F. , Lamaka S. V. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractFor the first time we report on quasi‐simultaneous mapping of local current density, pH and concentration of dissolved O2. The three micro‐probes were positioned 50 micron apart from each other and 50 to 100 µm above the cut‐edge metal coated steel sample. The vibrating probe recorded the local current density and glass‐capillary micro‐electrode measured local pH. Additionally, two different micro‐probes were used for DO measurements: either an amperometric micro‐probe or micro‐optode was coupled with the other two sensors using the triple head stage. The data on local distributions were acquired quasi‐simultaneously (within ≤ 2.8 s) and, hence, are correlated in space and time.
Boron‐Doped Diamond Dual‐Plate Deep‐Microtrench Device for Generator‐Collector Sulfide Sensing
Authors: Harvey Harriet M. , Gross Andrew J. , Brooksby Paula , Downard Alison J. , Green Stephen J. , Winlove C. Peter , Benjamin Nigel , Winyard Paul G. , Whiteman Matthew , Hammond Jules L. , Estrela Pedro , Marken Frank 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA BDD‐BDD dual‐plate microtrench electrode with 6 μm inter‐electrode spacing is investigated using generator‐collector electrochemistry and shown to give microtrench depth‐dependent sulfide detection down to the μM levels. The effect of the microtrench depth is compared for a “shallow” 44 μm and a “deep” 180 μm microtrench and linked to the reduction of oxygen to hydrogen peroxide which interferes with sulfide redox cycling. With a deeper microtrench and a fixed collector potential at −1.4 V vs. SCE, two distinct redox cycling potential domains are observed at 0.0 V vs. SCE (2‐electron) and at 1.1 V vs. SCE (6‐electron).
Laser Machined Plastic Laminates: Towards Portable Diagnostic Devices for Use in Low Resource Environments
Authors: Harper Jason C. , Carson Bryan D. , Bachand George D. , Arndt William D. , Finley Melissa R. , Brinker C. Jeffrey , Edwards Thayne L. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDespite significant progress in development of bioanalytical devices cost, complexity, access to reagents and lack of infrastructure have prevented use of these technologies in resource‐limited regions. To provide a sustainable tool in the global effort to combat infectious diseases the diagnostic device must be low cost, simple to operate and read, robust, and have sensitivity and specificity comparable to laboratory analysis. In this mini‐review we describe recent work using laser machined plastic laminates to produce diagnostic devices that are capable of a wide variety of bioanalytical measurements and show great promise towards future use in low‐resource environments.
Methylthiouracil‐modified Carbon Paste Electrode as a New Voltammetric Sensor Based on a 1,4‐Michael Addition Reaction for Detection of Dopamine
Authors: Arab Chamjangali M. , Reskety A. Ahmadi , Goudarzi N. , Bagherian G. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA sensitive dopamine sensor was constructed based on the modified carbon paste electrode with methylthiouracil as a nucleophile in the 1,4‐Michael addition reaction. An ECE mechanism was suggested for dopamine oxidation at the modified electrode. Design of experiments was used in the optimization of variables. Under the optimum conditions, calibration graph was linear in the range of 0.20–15.0 µM with a detection limit of 73 nM. The relative standard deviations (n=5) for 0.50 µM of dopamine was 3.83 %. The selectivity of the sensor was also studied. The developed sensor was applied for analysis of pharmaceutical and biological samples.
The role of melano-macrophage aggregates in the storage of mercury and other metals: An example from yelloweye rockfish (Sebastes ruberrimus)
Authors: Barst Benjamin D. , Nielsen Kristin M. , Korbas Malgorzata , Roberts Aaron P. , Van Kirk Kray , McNeel Kevin , Drevnick Paul E. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract

Melano-macrophage aggregates, collections of specialized cells of the innate immune system of fish, are considered a general biomarker for contaminant toxicity. To elucidate further the relationship between macrophage aggregates and metals exposure, yelloweye rockfish (Sebastes ruberrimus), a long-lived species, were sampled from the east and west coasts of Prince of Wales Island, Alaska. Metals concentrations in livers (inorganic Hg, methyl mercury, Se, Ni, Cd, Cu, Zn) and spleens (inorganic Hg and methyl mercury) were determined, as well as their correlations with melano-macrophage aggregate area. Sections of liver tissue were analyzed by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry to determine how metals were spatially distributed between hepatocytes and macrophage aggregates. The concentration of inorganic Hg in whole tissue was the best predictor of macrophage area in yelloweye livers and spleens. Macrophage aggregates had higher relative concentrations than most metals compared with the surrounding hepatocytes. However, not all metals were accumulated to the same degree, as evidenced by differences in the ratios of metals in macrophages compared with hepatocytes. Laser ablation data were corroborated with the results of X-ray synchrotron fluorescence imaging of a yelloweye liver section. Hepatic macrophage aggregates in yelloweye rockfish may play an important role in the detoxification and storage of Hg and other metals. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:1918–1925. © 2015 SETAC
Training of verbal creativity modulates brain activity in regions associated with language‐ and memory‐related demands
Authors: Fink Andreas , Benedek Mathias , Koschutnig Karl , Pirker Eva , Berger Elisabeth , Meister Sabrina , Neubauer Aljoscha C. , Papousek Ilona , Weiss Elisabeth M. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) study was designed to investigate changes in functional patterns of brain activity during creative ideation as a result of a computerized, 3‐week verbal creativity training. The training was composed of various verbal divergent thinking exercises requiring participants to train approximately 20 min per day. Fifty‐three participants were tested three times (psychometric tests and fMRI assessment) with an intertest‐interval of 4 weeks each. Participants were randomly assigned to two different training groups, which received the training time‐delayed: The first training group was trained between the first and the second test, while the second group accomplished the training between the second and the third test session. At the behavioral level, only one training group showed improvements in different facets of verbal creativity right after the training. Yet, functional patterns of brain activity during creative ideation were strikingly similar across both training groups. Whole‐brain voxel‐wise analyses (along with supplementary region of interest analyses) revealed that the training was associated with activity changes in well‐known creativity‐related brain regions such as the left inferior parietal cortex and the left middle temporal gyrus, which have been shown as being particularly sensitive to the originality facet of creativity in previous research. Taken together, this study demonstrates that continuous engagement in a specific complex cognitive task like divergent thinking is associated with reliable changes of activity patterns in relevant brain areas, suggesting more effective search, retrieval, and integration from internal memory representations as a result of the training. Hum Brain Mapp 36:4104–4115, 2015. © 2015 The Authors Human Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Novel Cyclic Enaminone Esters and N‐Heterocycles by Divergent Chemical Behavior through Amine‐Mediated Reactions
Authors: Luna Liliana E. , Tontarelli Walter , Forastieri Pamela , Cravero Raquel M. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractNew acridinones and enaminone esters were synthesized by microwave‐assisted tandem‐MichaelMichael addition and cyclization from cyclohexane‐1,3‐diones. The reaction mechanism for both open and closed structures, and the presence of intramolecular twelve‐membered rings derived from NH and OH H‐bonds of enaminone esters are discussed.