bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between Serum-Intact Parathyroid Hormone, Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D. Oral Vitamin D Analogs and Metabolic Syndrome in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: A Multi-Center Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Dong Jie , Wang Qin , Chen Meng-Hua , Zhao Hui-Ping , Zhu Tong-Ying , Tian Na , Wang Mei , Hao Chuan-Ming , Ren Ye-Ping , Wang Hai-Yan 
Published: February 2014

Introduction Although previous studies have suggested associations between serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and metabolic syndrome (MS) in the general population, these associations are still uncharacterized in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Methods In total, 837 prevalent PD patients from 5 centers in China were enrolled between April 1, 2011 and November 1, 2011. The demographic data, biochemical parameters and medical records were collected, except for serum 25(OH)D which was measured in 347 of 837 patients. The definition of MS was modified from National Cholesterol Education Program Third Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP-ATPIII). Results 55.4% of 837 patients were found to have MS. The median concentration of iPTH, 25(OH)D and doses of oral vitamin D analogs for participants with MS was significantly lower than those without MS. The iPTH, 25(OH)D values and doses of vitamin D analogs were all associated with one or more components of MS. After multivariate adjustment, Low serum iPTH values and oral vitamin D analogs, rather than serum 25(OH)D, were significantly associated with the presence of MS, abnormal fasting blood glucose (FBG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Compared to iPTH < 130pg/mL, iPTH 130–585 pg/mL and > 585pg/mL were associated with a lower risk of MS with adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 0.59 and 0.33, respectively. Taking vitamin D analogs was also associated with a lower risk of MS with adjusted OR of 0.55. Conclusions Serum iPTH and the use of active vitamin D supplements rather than serum 25(OH)D were independently associated with the presence of MS in patients on PD.
Dialysis Adequacy Indices and Body Composition in Male and Female Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Debowska Malgorzata , Paniagua Ramón , Ventura María-de-Jesús , Ávila-Díaz Marcela , Prado-Uribe Carmen , Mora Carmen , García-López Elvia , Qureshi Abdul Rashid , Lindholm Bengt , Waniewski Jacek 
Published: February 2014

Objectives Creatinine clearance scaled to body surface area (BSA) and urea KT/V normalized to total body water (TBW) are used as indices for peritoneal dialysis (PD) adequacy. We investigated relationships of indices of dialysis adequacy (including KT/V, KT, clearance, dialysate over plasma concentration ratio) and anthropometric and body composition parameters (BSA, TBW, body mass index (BMI), weight, height, fat mass (FM), and fat-free mass (FFM)) in male and female patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Methods Ninety-nine stable patients (56 males) performed four 24-hr collections of drained dialysate for four dialysis schedules with three daily exchanges of glucose 1.36% and one night exchange of either: 1) glucose 1.36%, 2) glucose 2.27%, 3) glucose 3.86% or 4) icodextrin 7.5%. Results KT and dialysate over plasma concentration ratio, CD/CP, for urea and creatinine were similar for males and females and, in general, did not depend on body-size parameters including V (= TBW), which means that the overall capacity of the transport system in females and males is similar. However, after normalization of KT to V or 1.73/BSA yielding KT/V and creatinine clearance, Cl(1.73/BSA), respectively, the normalized indices were substantially higher in females than in males and correlated inversely with body-size parameters, especially in males. Conclusions As KT/V depends strongly on body size, treatment target values for KT/V should take body size and therefore also gender into account. As KT is less influenced by body size, body composition and gender, KT should be considered as a potential auxiliary index in PD.
Peritoneal Dialysis for Children with Acute Kidney Injury in Lagos, Nigeria: Experience with Adaptations
Authors: Esezobor Christopher Imokhuede , Ladapo Taiwo Augustina , Lesi Foluso Ebun 
Published: February 2014

Introduction International professional groups are supporting the training of physicians in developing countries in nephrology, including peritoneal dialysis (PD). This report documents the impact of such efforts in the provision of manual PD for children with acute kidney injury (AKI) in a public hospital in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods Medical records of all children with AKI managed with PD between July 2010 and March 2013 were reviewed. Results Seventeen children with a mean (SEM) age of 3.8 (0.8) years received PD for 0 - 18 days; about half were infants. PD was provided manually, frequently with intercostal drains as catheters. Blockage of catheters and peritonitis occurred in 4 (23.5%) and 2 (11.8%) children, respectively. Eight (47.1%) of the 17 children had resolution of AKI and were discharged from hospital. In 4 (57.1%) of the 7 children who died, PD was performed for ≤ 2 days. Conclusion PD for childhood AKI is feasible in resource-constrained regions with fairly good outcome. Blockage of catheter was the most common complication encountered.
Characteristics and Outcomes of Fungal Peritonitis in a Modern North American Cohort
Authors: Nadeau-Fredette Annie-Claire , Bargman Joanne M 
Published: February 2014

Introduction Peritonitis remains a common complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD). Although representing only 1 – 12% of overall peritonitis in dialysis patients, fungal peritonitis (FP) is associated with serious complications, including technique failure and death. Only scarce data have been published regarding FP outcomes in modern cohorts in North America. In this study we evaluated the rates, characteristics and outcomes of FP in a major North American PD center. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study including all fungal peritonitis episodes among peritoneal dialysis patients followed in a large PD center between January 2000 and February 2013. Our pre-specified end-points included rates of FP, characteristics, outcomes and determinants of death. Results Thirty-six episodes of FP were identified during the follow-up period (one episode per 671 patient-months), representing 4.5% of the total peritonitis events. Patients’ mean age and peritoneal dialysis vintage were 61.3 ± 15.5 and 2.9 (1.5 – 4.8) years, respectively. Of the 36 episodes of FP, seven (19%) resulted in death and 17 (47%) led to technique failure with permanent transfer to hemodialysis. Surprisingly, PD was eventually resumed in 33% of cases with a median delay of 15 weeks (interquartile range 8 – 23) between FP and catheter reinsertion. In a univariable analysis, a higher Charlson comorbidity index (Odds ratio [OR] 3.25 per unit increase, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23 – 8.58) and PD fluid white blood cell (WBC) count greater than 3,000/mm3 at presentation (OR 6.56, 95% CI 1.05 – 40.95) predicted death. Conclusion While fungal peritonitis is still associated with a high frequency of death and technique failure, one-third of our patients eventually returned to PD. Patients with a high burden of comorbidities appear at higher risk of death. We postulate that the high mortality associated with FP is partially related to the severity of comorbidity among patients with F P, rather than the infection per se. Importantly, PD can be resumed in a significant proportion of cases.
De la neutralisation comme mode de gouvernement
Authors: Razac Olivier 
Published: February 2014

La démocratie moderne est à la fois inclusive, intégratrice, et exclusive de tout ce qui résiste à l’inclusion. Mais la normalité n’est-elle pas de se situer dans l’entre-deux ? C’est ce que font les technologies de maintien de l’ordre et leurs instruments d’une violence tout à fait graduée, que l’auteur nous décrit avec minutie. Mais la violence n’est pas la seule conduite possible dans cet entre-deux. Le pouvoir développe diverses manières de capturer l’intérêt en contraignant, de neutraliser l’opposition.
Strategic Interactions and Atoms' Power in Public Goods Economies
Authors: Perets Hovav , Shitovitz Benyamin 
Published: February 2014

Interactions stratégiques et pouvoir des atomes dans des économies avec biens publics Dans cet article, nous étudions l’équilibre de Nash dans une économie d’échange avec biens publics. Cette économie décrit un jeu avec un espace mesuré mixte d’agents. Il est supposé un nombre fini de biens privés. Nous montrons qu’il existe, sous certaines conditions, un unique équilibre de Nash pour cette économie dans laquelle les biens publics sont produits avec une technologie linéaire. De plus, nous discutons de la différence en termes de pouvoir de marché qu’il existe entre une situation dans laquelle le secteur non atomique et un atome ont la même fonction d’utilité, et une situation où l’atome devient négligeable. Classification JEL : C72, H41.
African primary care research: Choosing a topic and developing a proposal
Authors: Mash Bob 
Published: February 2014

This is the first in a series of articles on primary care research in the African context. The aim of the series is to help build capacity for primary care research amongst the emerging departments of family medicine and primary care on the continent. Many of the departments are developing Masters of Medicine programmes in Family Medicine and their students will all be required to complete research studies as part of their degree. This series is being written with this audience in particular in mind – both the students who must conceptualise and implement a research project as well as their supervisors who must assist them.This article gives an overview of the African primary care context, followed by a typology of primary care research. The article then goes on to assist the reader with choosing a topic and defining their research question. Finally the article addresses the structure and contents of a research proposal and the ethical issues that should be considered.
Aberrant p16INK4A methylation: Relation to viral related chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: El-Mougy Fatma A. , Youssef Mohammed M. , Omran Dalia A. , Sharaf Sahar A. , El-Sayed Hany H. , Rabie Walaa A. , Mohamed Elghobary A. , Elghobary Hany A. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is currently the fifth most common solid tumor worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer related deaths. Several studies have shown that the tumor suppressor gene p16INK4A is frequently downregulated by aberrant methylation of the 5′-cytosine-phosphoguanine island within the promoter region. Aim: To find out the frequency of methylated p16INK4A in the peripheral blood of HCC and cirrhotic patients and to evaluate its role in hepatocarcinogenesis. Patients and Methods: This study was performed on 58 subjects: 30 HCC patients, 20 cirrhotic patients, and eight healthy volunteers. Methylation of p16INK4A was examined using methylation specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (MSP). Comparison of quantitative variables between the study groups was done using Mann-Whitney U test for independent samples when not normally distributed. For comparing categorical data, Chi-square (χ2 ) test was performed. Exact test was used instead when the expected frequency was less than 5. Results: Methylation of p16INK4A was found in 6.7% of HCC patients, 5% of liver cirrhosis (LC) patients, and none of the healthy volunteers; 66.67% of the p16INK4A-methylated cases (2/3) were positive for anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies (one of them had HCC). All HCC cases with aberrant p16INK4A methylation show very high serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP) level (9,080; 30,000 μg/mL). There were no significant associations between the status of p16INK4A methylation and tumor size. Conclusion: Hypermethylation of p16INK4A was found to be infrequent among Egyptian patients with HCC.
Management of relapsed-refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma
Authors: Raut Lalit S. , Chakrabarti Prantar P. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractRelapsed-Refractory Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (RR DLBCL), which accounts for approximately one-third of patients with DLBCL, remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Managing RR DLBCL continues to be a challenge to the treating hemato-oncologist. Salvage high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation is the standard of care for chemosensitive relapses in DLBCL. Various salvage regimens are available, but the quest for an optimal regimen continues. The addition of rituximab to the salvage regimen has improved the outcome of RR DLBCL. Several pertinent issues regarding the management of RR DLBCL are discussed in this short review.
Basin‐scale circulation and heat fluxes in ice‐covered lakes
Authors: Rizk William , Kirillin Georgiy , Leppäranta Matti 
Published: February 2014

A field and theoretical study of the mean circulation patterns, gravity currents, and heat fluxes in a mid‐latitude, ice‐covered lake is presented. Thermistor chains captured the lake‐wide pressure gradients and thermal regime, acoustic instruments measured bottom and interior velocities, and a sediment temperature probe measured sediment temperatures and heat fluxes. Typical Rossby numbers showed that the mean circulation was geostrophic, in the form of either an anti‐cyclonic or a cyclonic basin‐scale gyre. Each gyre reached a steady state after ∼ 10–15 d, circulating at a maximum velocity of ∼ 1 mm s−1. The gyres persisted throughout most of the winter and generally decayed with time. The cyclonic gyre was generated by the lateral temperature gradients created by sediment heat release. It was not possible to determine the driver of the anti‐cyclonic gyre. Because most ice‐covered lakes are controlled by the Earth's rotation, anti‐cyclonic and cyclonic circulation is postulated as being the most common mean interior flow pattern. The horizontal heat fluxes were of the same order as the vertical heat fluxes, which is consistent with the findings of previous research. The sediment heat flux decayed with time, stabilizing after ∼ 60 d. A scaling analysis of down‐sloping advection with dynamic, seasonal‐scale temperatures showed that a warmer lake and an increase in the length‐to‐depth geometric aspect ratio (both within a given lake) and an increase in lake size all increased advection time scales, and therefore circulation time scales, near the boundaries.
Obstetrics and Gynecology Ultrasound Topics in Family Medicine Resident Training
Authors: Molokwu Jennifer 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT
Access to timely and appropriate prenatal and maternity care is widely known to be an important factor in improving birth outcomes. Family physicians make a significant contribution to the provision of prenatal care in the United States. The amount of exposure to maternity care and prenatal procedures in residency increase likelihood of incorporation of prenatal care in future practice. The use of prenatal ultrasounds has become standard in the management of pregnancy. Ultrasonography has wide application in obstetric care and is being used in screening and diagnosis during antenatal, intrapartum and postpartum periods. Family physicians that provide obstetric care should be trained to carry out basic obstetric ultrasound scans. In our paper, we have outlined an approach to the incorporation of ultrasound training into Family Medicine residency education. We have also explored the use of simulation as an adjunct to scanning live patients in a training curriculum.

How to cite this article
Molokwu J. Obstetrics and Gynecology Ultrasound Topics in Family Medicine Resident Training. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2014;8(1):31-34.
Interprofessional Education and Obstetric Ultrasound
Authors: Manting Michele A 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT
The transformation of healthcare relies on interprofessional education (IPE). Reviewing the history of the movement to prevent medical errors through the call for collaborative high functioning team practice, an assessment of the need to recognize the importance of interprofessional collaboration among sonographers, various medical specialties and nursing is addressed. A brief discussion of model programs in IPE is included.

How to cite this article
Manting MA. Interprofessional Education and Obstetric Ultrasound. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2014;8(1):72-76.
An in vitro comparison of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Three Root Canal Irrigants—BioPure MTAD, 2% Chlorhexidine Gluconate and 5.25% Sodium Hypochlorite as a Final Rinse against E. faecalis
Authors: Rao MS Rama , Agrawal Vinod , Dhingra Kanupriya , Gopal V Rajesh , Mohapatra Abhijita , Mohapatra Abhilash 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTAimThis study was conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) and BioPure MTAD when used as a final rinse againstEnterococcus faecalis.Materials and methodsSixty single-rooted premolars were biomechanically prepared, inoculated with E. faecalis and divided into various groups. These were then irrigated with the test irrigants and tested microbiologically for growth ofE. faecalisimmediately after irrigation and after 48 hours.ResultsStatistical analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the antibacterial activities of BioPure MTAD, 2% CHX and 5.25% NaOCl at 5 minutes; however, the antibacterial activities of the three irrigants were comparable after 2 days of irrigationConclusionThe present study concludes that BioPure MTAD is as effective againstE. faecalisas 5.25% NaOCl and more effective than 2% CHX.Clinical significanceE. faecalisis one of the most resistant intracanal species and a possible cause of root canal failure. Many authors have stressed the importance of using antimicrobial irrigants during chemomechanical preparation to ensure complete disinfection. Therefore, various irrigating solutions have been used during and immediately after root canal preparation to remove debris and necrotic pulp tissue and to eliminate microorganisms that cannot be reached by mechanical instrumentation.How to cite this articleAgrawal V, Rao MSR, Dhingra K, Gopal VR, Mohapatra A, Mohapatra A. An in vitro comparison of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Three Root Canal Irrigants—BioPure MTAD, 2% Chlorhexidine Gluconate and 5.25% Sodium Hypochlorite as a Final Rinse againstE. faecalis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(5):842-847.
A Comparative Clinical Evaluation of Diet Intake and Effect of Various Nutritions on Aggressive Periodontitis Patients
Authors: Reddy R Vamshidhar , Raju PV Krishnam , Rao P Krishna , Mapare Sagar Arjun , Kumar MG Manoj , Gorthi VSS Chandana 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTAimThe aim of this study is to investigate the effect various dietary nutrients in aggressive periodontitis patients.Materials and methodsA total of 85 patients were selected and divided into two groups, 45 patients are with aggressive periodontitis and 40 patients are healthy. Periodontal parameters such as oral hygiene index, Russels periodontal index and radiograph were taken. The food consumption survey was conducted in all the households of subjects both in control and experimental group. The individual of food intake of the subjects was assessed by the oral questionnaire (24 hours recall) method. The quantity of raw foods used for various preparations and volumes of cooked quantities of such preparations in terms of standardized cups were noted. Body measurements were taken on all the subjects, standing height using a height measuring rod and weight in standard weighing machine.ResultsAggressive periodontitis is seen in young individual and mostly in females; majority of the patients of both groups belongs to low socioeconomic group. Body mass index which is a reflection of nutritional status of an individual indicated that chronically energy deficient subjects in experimental group appeared to be higher. The average food and nutrient intake in control group was slightly better than that of experimental group.ConclusionThe diet survey indicated marginal and negligible deficiencies in aggressive periodontitis patients compared to controls, and this coupled with chronically energy deficiency as indicated by body mass index, calls for a detailed study of this aspect of aggressive periodontitis. The present study indicates that nutritional influences point to a needle of suspicion toward the etiology of aggressive periodontitis.How to cite this articleMapare SA, Rao PK, Reddy RV, Kumar MGM, Gorthi VSSC, Raju PVK. A Comparative Clinical Evaluation of Diet Intake and Effect of Various Nutritions on Aggressive Periodontitis Patients. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(5):930-938.
Developmental Malformation of Primary and Permanent Dentition: A Rare Sequel of Trauma
Authors: Jindal Garima 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT
Dentofacial injuries that occur prior to the eruption of primary teeth can result in developmental disturbances not only in the primary but also in permanent dentition. Here we report a rare case of long term sequelae of trauma in a female child of 4 to 5 months of age which resulted in dilaceration and impaction of maxillary primary central incisors and subsequent enamel hypoplasia of the permanent maxillary central incisors.

How to cite this article
Jindal G, Kumar D. Developmental Malformation of Primary and Permanent Dentition: A Rare Sequel of Trauma. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(5):944-947.
Within-Establishment Wage Inequality and Satisfaction
Authors: Poggi Ambra 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to provide fresh empirical evidence on the mechanisms through which wage inequality affects worker satisfaction.Theoretically, the wages of others may affect workers’ utility for two main reasons: Workers may derive well-being from their social status (the comparison effect) and/or they may use others’ wages to help predict their own future wage (the information effect). The author tests both hypotheses. To do this, she models individual utility from pay as a function of a workers own wage and the earnings of all other workers within the same establishment, and she estimates the model using matched British employeremployee data. The author assumes incomplete information about others’ wages. She finds that the comparison effect matters. Interestingly, she also provides some evidence on a positive relation between well-being and inequality. Her results are robust to different specifications and different definitions of the reference group.
La pédagogie créative au service des élèves polyhandicapés : résultats d’une recherche-action
Authors: Ouellet Sylvie , Caya Isabelle 
Published: February 2014

Cet article met en lumière la mise en place d’une pédagogie créative (Ouellet, 2009 ; Ouellet, Caya et Tremblay, 2011b) ayant pour double but (a) de faire émerger les intérêts et le talent de l’élève ayant de multiples handicaps afin d’avoir un portrait de ce dernier, (b) d’élaborer des scénarios pédagogiques «signifiants» pour favoriser une concertation dans l’intervention pédagogique et éducative (Ouellet et Caya, 2009). Ce projet de recherche-action aura permis d’expérimenter des outils d’intervention, d’évaluation et de suivi (Dionne, Tavares et Rivest, 2006 ; MELS, 20041) dans une classe d’élèves polyhandicapés. L’équipe travaillant auprès de ces élèves a été impliquée tout au long du projet et a participé à la création d’un environnement d’apprentissage créatif et inclusif, répondant à leurs besoins.