bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shedding black hole light on the emergent string conjecture
Authors: Basile Ivano , Lüst Dieter , Montella Carmine 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Asymptotically massless towers of species are ubiquitous in the string landscape when infinite-distance limits are approached. Due to the remarkable properties of string dualities, they always comprise Kaluza-Klein states or higher-spin excitations of weakly coupled, asymptotically tensionless critical strings. The connection between towers of light species and small black holes warrants seeking a bottom-up rationale for this dichotomoy, dubbed emergent string conjecture. In this paper we move a first step in this direction, exploring bottom-up constraints on towers of light species motivated purely from the consistency of the corresponding thermodynamic picture for small black holes. These constraints shed light on the allowed towers in quantum gravity, and, upon combining them with unitarity and causality constraints from perturbative graviton scattering, they provide evidence for the emergent string scenario with no reference to a specific ultraviolet completion.
Quark flavor violation and axion-like particles from top-quark decays at the LHC
Authors: Cheung Kingman , Chung Fei-Tung , Cottin Giovanna , Wang Zeren Simon 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We study axion-like particles (ALPs) with quark-flavor-violating couplings at the LHC. Specifically, we focus on the theoretical scenario with ALP-top-up and ALP-top-charm interactions, in addition to the more common quark-flavor-diagonal couplings. The ALPs can thus originate from decays of top quarks which are pair produced in large numbers at the LHC, and then decay to jets. If these couplings to the quarks are tiny and the ALPs have $$ \mathcal{O}(10) $$
O

10

GeV masses, they are long-lived, leading to signatures of displaced vertex plus multiple jets, which have the advantage of suppression of background events at the LHC. We recast a recent ATLAS search for the same signature and reinterpret the results in terms of bounds on the long-lived ALP in our theoretical scenario. We find that the LHC with the full Run 2 dataset can place stringent limits, while at the future high-luminosity LHC with 3 ab−1 integrated luminosity stronger sensitivities are expected.
Generalized eikonal identities for charged currents
Authors: Plestid Ryan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We discuss QED radiative corrections to contact operators coupling two heavy fields and one light field. These operators appear ubiquitously in weak interactions with nuclei such as beta decay and neutrino nucleus scattering. New eikonal identities are derived in the static limit (i.e., neglecting nuclear recoil) that allow for manifest power counting of enhancements proportional to the charge of the nucleus. We apply these new identities to nuclear beta decays and find that the “independent particle model” used by Jaus, Rasche, Sirlin & Zucchini is closely related, though not identical, to a model independent effective field theorcalculation.
Lazy neutrophils – a lack of DGAT1 reduces the chemotactic activity of mouse neutrophils
Authors: Uchańska Alicja , Morytko Agnieszka , Kwiecień Kamila , Oleszycka Ewa , Grygier Beata , Cichy Joanna , Kwiecińska Patrycja 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Neutrophils are key players in the innate immune system, actively migrating to sites of inflammation in the highly energetic process of chemotaxis. In this study, we focus on the role of acyl-CoA: diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1), an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of triglycerides, the major form of stored energy, in neutrophil chemotaxis.

Methods and results
Using a mouse model of psoriasis, we show that DGAT1-deficiency reduces energy-demanding neutrophil infiltration to the site of inflammation, but this inhibition is not caused by decreased glycolysis and reduced ATP production by neutrophils lacking DGAT1. Flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry analysis demonstrate that DGAT1 also does not influence lipid accumulation in lipid droplets during inflammation. Interestingly, as has been shown previously, a lack of DGAT1 leads to an increase in the concentration of retinoic acid, and here, using real-time PCR and publicly-available next-generation RNA sequencing datasets, we show the upregulation of retinoic acid-responsive genes in Dgat1KO neutrophils. Furthermore, supplementation of WT neutrophils with exogenous retinoic acid mimics DGAT1-deficiency in the inhibition of neutrophil chemotaxis in in vitro transwell assay.

Conclusions
These results suggest that impaired skin infiltration by neutrophils in Dgat1KO mice is a result of the inhibitory action of an increased concentration of retinoic acid, rather than impaired lipid metabolism in DGAT1-deficient mice.
An analytical approach for the performance calculation of an RCS/RS with several picking stations
Authors: Trost Philipp , Eder Michael 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRobotic Compact Storage and Retrieval Systems (RCS/RS) offer numerous advantages, including high performance, scalability, and availability, which are essential for modern logistics and warehousing. However, information on the potential performance of RCS/RS is limited, primarily due to the diverse range of configurations available. This paper aims to address this gap by developing an analytical approach to predict the throughput of an RCS/RS with multiple robots serving several picking stations. The approach considers various parameters such as grid size, stack height, number of robots, and filling degree, alongside kinematic data. The cycle time for each robot is calculated assuming a uniform distribution of container stacks. Subsequently, a queueing system with limited capacity is constructed using performance data from a single robot. The analytical approach is validated using a discrete event simulation model of an RCS/RS. Following the validation, an extensive parameter variation and application example are conducted to demonstrate the versatility of the approach. This method offers a straightforward and efficient set of formulas for determining RCS/RS throughput, easily solvable using standard table or algebra programs.
Impact of heart failure severity on the mortality benefit of mitral transcatheter edge-to-edge valve repair
Authors: Magni Valeria , Adamo Marianna , Pezzola Elisa , Rubbio Antonio Popolo , Giannini Cristina , Masiero Giulia , Grasso Carmelo , Denti Paolo , Giordano Arturo , De Marco Federico , Bartorelli Antonio L. , Montorfano Matteo , Godino Cosmo , Baldi Cesare , De Felice Francesco , Mongiardo Annalisa , Monteforte Ida , Villa Emmanuel , Crimi Gabriele , Tusa Maurizio , Testa Luca , Serafini Lisa , Cani Dario , Guarini Giacinta , Huqi Alda , Sesana Marco , De Carlo Marco , Maisano Francesco , Tarantini Giuseppe , Tamburino Corrado , Bedogni Francesco , Metra Marco 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
To assess the interaction between heart failure (HF) severity and optimal reduction of secondary mitral regurgitation (SMR) on mortality in patients undergoing transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (M-TEER).

Methods and results
Among 1656 patients included in the Italian Society of Interventional Cardiology (GIse) registry Of Transcatheter treatment of mitral valve regurgitaTiOn (GIOTTO) 984 had SMR and complete data on advanced HF. Advanced HF was defined as NYHA class III or IV, left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 30%, and > 1 HF hospitalization during the last 12 months. Optimal M-TEER was defined as residual SMR ≤ 1 + at discharge. One hundred sixteen patients (11.8%) had advanced HF. Achievement of an optimal SMR reduction was similar in patients with and without advanced HF (65% and 60% respectively). Advanced HF was an independent predictor of 2-year all-cause death (adjusted HR 1.52, 95% CI 1.09–2.10). Optimal M-TEER, as compared to a no-optimal M-TEER, was associated with a reduced risk of death both in patients with advanced (HR 0.55, 95% CI 0.32–0.97; p = 0.039) and no-advanced HF (HR 0.59, 95% CI 0.46–0.78; p < 0.001; p = 0.778 for interaction).

Conclusions
Advanced HF is associated with poor outcome in patients undergoing M-TEER. However, an optimal SMR reduction reduces the risk of 2-year mortality regardless of HF severity.

Graphical Abstract
Quantitative assessment of intertarget position variations based on 4D-CT and 4D-CBCT simulations in single-isocenter multitarget lung stereotactic body radiation therapy
Authors: Zhang Siyu , Guo Chang , Xu Jun , Qian Pudong , Guo Jiali , Liu Tingting , Wu Yifan , Hong Jun , Wang Qi , He Xia , Sun Li 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
In single-isocenter multitarget stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), geometric miss risks arise from uncertainties in intertarget position. However, its assessment is inadequate, and may be interfered by the reconstructed tumor position errors (RPEs) during simulated CT and cone beam CT (CBCT) acquisition. This study aimed to quantify intertarget position variations and assess factors influencing it.

Methods
We analyzed data from 14 patients with 100 tumor pairs treated with single-isocenter SBRT. Intertarget position variation was measured using 4D-CT simulation to assess the intertarget position variations (ΔD) during routine treatment process. Additionally, a homologous 4D-CBCT simulation provided RPE-free comparison to determine the impact of RPEs, and isolating purely tumor motion induced ΔD to evaluate potential contributing factors.

Results
The median ΔD was 4.3 mm (4D-CT) and 3.4 mm (4D-CBCT). Variations exceeding 5 mm and 10 mm were observed in 31.1% and 5.5% (4D-CT) and 20.4% and 3.4% (4D-CBCT) of fractions, respectively. RPEs necessitated an additional 1–2 mm safety margin. Intertarget distance and breathing amplitude variability showed weak correlations with variation (Rs = 0.33 and 0.31). The ΔD differed significantly by locations (upper vs. lower lobe and right vs. Left lung). Notably, left lung tumor pairs exhibited the highest risk.

Conclusions
This study provide a reliable way to assess intertarget position variation by using both 4D-CT and 4D-CBCT simulation. Consequently, single-isocenter SBRT for multiple lung tumors carries high risk of geometric miss. Tumor motion and RPE constitute a substantial portion of intertarget position variation, requiring correspondent strategies to minimize the intertarget uncertainties.
QAFI: a novel method for quantitative estimation of missense variant impact using protein-specific predictors and ensemble learning
Authors: Ozkan Selen , Padilla Natàlia , de la Cruz Xavier 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNext-generation sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized genetic diagnostics, yet its application in precision medicine remains incomplete, despite significant advances in computational tools for variant annotation. Many variants remain unannotated, and existing tools often fail to accurately predict the range of impacts that variants have on protein function. This limitation restricts their utility in relevant applications such as predicting disease severity and onset age. In response to these challenges, a new generation of computational models is emerging, aimed at producing quantitative predictions of genetic variant impacts. However, the field is still in its early stages, and several issues need to be addressed, including improved performance and better interpretability. This study introduces QAFI, a novel methodology that integrates protein-specific regression models within an ensemble learning framework, utilizing conservation-based and structure-related features derived from AlphaFold models. Our findings indicate that QAFI significantly enhances the accuracy of quantitative predictions across various proteins. The approach has been rigorously validated through its application in the CAGI6 contest, focusing on ARSA protein variants, and further tested on a comprehensive set of clinically labeled variants, demonstrating its generalizability and robust predictive power. The straightforward nature of our models may also contribute to better interpretability of the results.
Insight into Details of Chemical Exchange Kinetics Studied by NMR CPMG Method
Authors: Stepišnik Janez , Mohorič Aleš 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA more detailed insight into the chemical kinetics and dynamics of chemical exchanges within a molecule or between molecules in liquids is made possible by the NMR CPMG method, which, in addition to the exchange rate, gives its power spectrum, which contains information about the underlying processes of chemical exchange. The applicability of the method is demonstrated by measuring the chemical exchange in an aqueous solutions of sucrose, whose rate spectra have shapes that cannot be explained as transitions in a double potential well, but after interpretation using the chemical Langevin equations, it can be explained as a cascading chemical transition across several intermediate potential walls.
Green urban transition: interdisciplinary insights on green façades design in hot climates as one of crucial strategies for low-carbon development
Authors: Chojnacka Katarzyna , Widera Barbara , Macarulla Marcel , Drougkas Anastasios , Balastegui Andreu , Van de moortel Els , Şık Cansu Iraz Seyrek , Sadowski Kajetan , Fernandes Joana , Gomes Ricardo , Ferrão Paulo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to present interdisciplinary insights on vertical green systems (VGS) design in hot climate zones. The approach to the VGS design proposed in this article combines architectural design, structural systems, green building and township development with sustainable urban farming, circularity, waste and water management. On the basis of in-depth study on green façade performance in hot climates, the authors identified methods derived from various fields of science which, when correctly combined, enable effective protection of plants against excessive solar radiation. The main finding of the research is the identification of the most effective combination of methods supporting healthy growth of the VGS. This set of solutions includes orientation of the façade to cardinal directions correlated with appropriate plants selection, shading strategies, such as passive and kinetic shields and organic fertilizers supporting plants’ resilience. The authors presented key challenges and opportunities of VGS application and discussed their role in the decarbonization process of the building sector. The multidisciplinary analysis of the state of knowledge highlighted areas that require further investigation, such as the practical implementation of proposed strategies and their effectiveness in real-world scenarios.
Graphical abstract
Creating dialogues as a quiet revolution: exploring care with women in regenerative farming
Authors: Aare Ane Kirstine , Umantseva Anna , Sørensen Laura Brandt 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Around the world, practitioners and academics are engaging in the rise of regenerative farming. On the margins of the predominant farming system, and often with little support and acknowledgement, regenerative farming is surprisingly persistent and represents a radical response to industrialization, ecological crises and alienation. This study uses feminist theories to grasp farmers’ regenerative experiences and explores how dialogical methodologies can create collective thinking among farmers and between academia and practice. The study is based on dialogues and iterative writing between three female researchers and two female regenerative farmers in Denmark in which we explore regenerative farming practices, female perspectives, feminist (more-than-human) care, and the sustainability crises we are facing today and in the future. The exchange of thoughts provides insights into what it is to be human in farming, including more-than-human relationships, as well as reflections on composting as a reproductive practice, and the (quiet) revolutionary potential of regenerative farming. Thus, we experience how creating collective thinking about common concerns across academia and practice can entail feelings of being part of a community as well as involve actual consequences and risks. Finally, it reminds us that sharing fragility by laying bare our work (and thoughts) as both researchers and practitioners allows for careful dialogues and valuable insights.
Condom Failure Among HIV-Negative Men in Serodiscordant Relationships in Australia, Brazil, and Thailand
Authors: Gray James , Prestage Garrett , Jin Fengyi , Phanuphak Nittaya , Friedman Ruth K. , Fairley Christopher K. , Templeton David J. , Zablotska-Manos Iryna , Hoy Jennifer , Bloch Mark , Baker David , Brown Graham , Grulich Andrew , Bavinton Benjamin ,   for the Opposites Attract study group, Grulich Andrew E , Zablotska Iryna B , Prestage Garrett P , Bavinton Benjamin R , Grinsztejn Beatriz , Cooper David A , Kelleher Anthony , Emery Sean , Fairley Christopher K , Wilson David , Koelsch Kersten K , Triffitt Kathy , Doong Nicolas , Templeton David J , McNulty Anna , Pell Catherine , Tee Ban Kiem , Moore Richard , Roth Norm , Orth David , Pinto Angie N 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCondoms continue to be used by many gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBM) to reduce the risk of HIV transmission. However this is impacted by condom failure events, defined here as condom breakage and slippage. In a prospective, observational cohort study of 343 HIV serodiscordant male couples recruited through high HIV caseload clinics and hospitals between 2012 and 2016 in Australia, Brazil, and Thailand, condom failure rates and associated factors were analysed, including with the study partner versus other sexual partners. There were 717 reported instances of condom failure from an estimated total of 25,831 sex acts with condoms, from over 588.4 participant years of follow up. Of the HIV-negative partners (n = 343) in the study, more than a third (n = 117, 36.7%) reported at least one instance of condom failure with any partner type during study follow-up. Condom failure with their study partner was reported by 91/343 (26.5%) HIV-negative partners, compared with 43/343 (12.5%) who reported condom failure with other partners. In total, there were 86 events where the HIV-negative partner experienced ano-receptive condom failure with ejaculation, representing 12.0% of all failure events. In multivariable analysis, compared to Australia, HIV-negative men in Brazil reported a higher incidence risk rate of condom failure (IRR = 1.64, 95%CI 1.01–2.68, p = 0.046) and HIV-negative men who reported anal sex with other partners reported an increased risk of condom failure compared with men who only had sex with their study partner (IRR = 1.89, 95%CI 1.08–3.33, p = 0.025). Although at least one event of condom failure was reported by a significant proportion of participants, overall condom failure events represented a small proportion of the total condom protected sex acts.
A Provider-Focused Intervention to Increase Universal HIV Testing among Adolescents in School-Based Health Centers
Authors: Hoffman Neal D. , Ciarleglio Adam , Lesperance-Banks Susanna , Corbeil Tom , Kaur Harpreet , Silver Ellen J , Bauman Laurie , Sandfort Theo G. M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe describe a provider-focused intervention to increase universal HIV testing among adolescent users in a network of School-Based Health Centers (SBHC) and compare the rate of HIV test offer and acceptance for SBHCs with and without the HIV testing intervention. The intervention was implemented at the six largest SBHCs in the 12-site network and included system- and staff-level initiatives, including an implementation coach to support SBHC associates. Rates of HIV test offer and acceptance at six sites in the Intervention Cohort were compared to that at the six sites in a Non-Intervention Cohort which was not randomly selected but had comparable distributions by age, gender and race/ethnicity. The model showed an intervention effect for universal HIV test offer, but no overall effect for test acceptance. Analyzing the intervention effect by whether a patient had a history of sexual activity, the intervention was very effective early in its implementation at increasing test offer to those with no history of sexual activity, and late in its implementation at increasing test acceptance for those with no or unknown sexual activity. Increasing and sustaining universal HIV testing in SBHCs may benefit from using Implementation Science frameworks to guide adaptation of the intervention.
Association between homologous recombination deficiency status and carboplatin treatment response in early triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Wang Zheng , Lu Yujie , Han Mengyuan , Li Anqi , Ruan Miao , Tong Yiwei , Yang Cuiyan , Zhang Xiaotian , Zhu Changbin , Wang Chaofu , Shen Kunwei , Dong Lei , Chen Xiaosong 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study was to assess homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) status and its correlation with carboplatin treatment response in early triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients.

Methods
Tumor tissues from 225 consecutive TNBC patients were evaluated with an HRD panel and homologous recombination-related (HRR) gene expression data. HRD positivity was defined as a high HRD score and/or BRCA1/2 pathogenic or likely pathogenic mutation. Clinicopathological factors, neoadjuvant treatment response, and prognosis were analyzed with respect to HRD status in these TNBC patients.

Results
HRD positivity was found in 53.3% of patients and was significantly related to high Ki67 levels (P = 0.001). In patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, HRD positivity (P = 0.005) or a high HRD score (P = 0.003) was significantly associated with a greater pathological complete response (pCR) rate, especially in those treated with carboplatin-containing neoadjuvant regimens (HRD positivity vs. negativity: 50.00% vs. 17.65%, P = 0.040). HRD positivity was associated with favorable distant metastasis-free survival (hazard ratio HR 0.49, 95% confidence interval CI 0.26–0.90, P = 0.022) and overall survival (HR 0.45, 95% CI 0.20–0.99, P = 0.049), irrespective of carboplatin treatment.

Conclusion
TNBC patients with high HRDs had high Ki67 levels and BRCA mutations. HRD-positive TNBC patients treated with carboplatin had a higher pCR rate. Patients with HRD positivity had a better prognosis, irrespective of carboplatin treatment, warranting further evaluation.
Climate change distress, entrapment, and suicidal ideation
Authors: Brailovskaia Julia , Teismann Tobias 
Published: July 2024

AbstractClimate change distress has been shown to be associated with markers of negative mental health. However, it is unclear whether climate change distress is also associated with suicidal ideation and whether this association might be mediated by perceptions of entrapment. On this background, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the association between climate change distress/impairment, entrapment, and suicidal ideation. Participants were recruited at a university in the Ruhr region in Germany. Overall, 323 participants (68.4% female; Mage=26.14, SDage=8.35, range: 18–63 years) filled out self-report questionnaires on climate change distress/impairment, entrapment, and suicidal ideation online. Climate change distress/impairment was significantly positively associated with suicidal ideation. Entrapment completely mediated the association between climate change distress/impairment and suicidal ideation. Results underlines how stressful and existential climate change is experienced by many young persons. Findings underscore the need to develop and evaluate interventions to target climate change distress/impairment.