bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying causes for poor visual outcome after DSEK/DSAEK following secondary DMEK in the same eye
Authors: Dirisamer Martin , Parker Jack , Naveiras Miguel , Liarakos Vasilios S. , Ham Lisanne , van Dijk Korine , Melles Gerrit R. J. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract.Purpose:  To identify causes of reduced visual acuity after Descemet stripping (automated) endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK/DSAEK) and to determine whether such eyes can be successfully ‘repaired’ with a secondary Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK).Methods:  Twelve eyes of 12 patients, who underwent secondary DMEK to manage poor visual outcome after initial DSEK/DSAEK, were evaluated with biomicroscopy, Pentacam imaging, and specular and confocal microscopy, before and at 1, 3 and 6 months after DMEK.Results:  Four causes of reduced optical quality of the transplanted host cornea could be identified in DSEK/DSAEK: five eyes (42%) showed large host‐Descemet remnants within the visual axis during surgery; six eyes (50%) irregular graft thickness; six eyes subtle ‘stromal waves’; and nine eyes (75%) high reflectivity at the donor‐to‐host interface. After DMEK graft replacement, all corneas cleared and achieved a best corrected visual acuity of ≥20/25 (≥0.8), except for one with a partial Descemet graft detachment. Pachymetry values decreased from 670 (±112) μm before to 517 (±57) μm after secondary DMEK. Higher‐order aberrations (Coma and Trefoil) at the posterior surface tended to be lower (p = 0.07) in DMEK grafts than in DSEK/DSAEK grafts.Conclusion:  Host‐Descemet remnants at the donor‐to‐host interface, interface reflectivity, graft thickness irregularity and donor stromal contraction may contribute to poor visual outcome after DSEK/DSAEK, without causing permanent host corneal damage, as in most cases, complete visual recovery could be achieved by performing a secondary DMEK.
Lagged mediator effects of self‐control demands on psychological strain and absenteeism
Authors: Diestel Stefan , Schmidt Klaus‐Helmut 
Published: September 2012

In awareness of the increasing relevance of self‐control for goal achievement and its adverse effects on psychological strain in different occupational contexts, we tested lagged mediational effects of self‐control demands (SCDs) on emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, anxiety, and sum of days absent. The present analyses draw on two German longitudinal samples (NTOTAL = 399) and a measure of absenteeism. We used structural equation modelling and cross‐lagged panel analyses to test our hypotheses. In line with theoretical arguments of action regulation theory, SCDs were found to mediate the longitudinal relationship between workload and exhaustion, anxiety, and sum of days absent at a later point in time, after controlling for other relevant job characteristics (workload, emotional dissonance, and job resources, such as job control and social support). Implications of the present results are discussed against the background of potential protective resources.Practitioner Points

The present results indicate that job characteristics, which cause employees to engage in self‐control, exert adverse effects on psychological well‐being and absenteeism in the long run.

HR managers as well as HR consultants should consider the double‐sided nature of competency models and job specifications that include requirements on volitional self‐regulation of thoughts, emotions, and behaviour (examples for commonly used behavioural anchors are given in the text).

Our findings call for HR systems that provide assistance (such as self‐management or self‐control training programmes, emotional and social support) in facing self‐control demands and exerting goal‐directed regulation of behaviour.

The effects on absenteeism shed light on long‐term organizational costs that are associated with high demands on self‐control and high workload.
Leptin predicts a decline in moderate to vigorous physical activity in minority female children at risk for obesity
Authors: Belcher B. R. , Chou C.‐P. , Nguyen‐Rodriguez S. T. , Hsu Y.‐W. , Byrd‐Williams C. E. , McClain A. D. , Weigensberg M. J. , Spuijt‐Metz D. 
Published: September 2012

Summary
What is already known about this subject
Physical activity declines as children enter puberty.
Leptin is cross‐sectionally associated with physical activity, but there are conflicting findings on the magnitude and direction of this association.
Leptin concentrations fluctuate during puberty, and may impact energy balance.

What this study adds
Leptin predicts the decline in physical activity during the start of puberty independent of central adiposity.
Based on a median split of leptin, girls with low leptin levels have higher levels of physical activity than girls with high leptin levels at the start of puberty.
Leptin levels at the start of puberty may provide a biological basis for the age‐related physical activity decline in girls.
BackgroundLeptin may influence moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) at the start of puberty. The direction and magnitude of this association are unclear.ObjectivesTo determine the effect of baseline leptin on MVPA over 1 year in minority girls at high risk for obesity.MethodsData came from TRANSITIONS, a longitudinal observational study on the age‐related MVPA decline. Fifty peripubertal girls aged 8–11 years at baseline participated. Baseline leptin (ng mL−1) was collected via a duplicated assay using a double antibody radio immune assay. MVPA (min d−1) was measured using accelerometers for at least four 10‐h days on a quarterly basis for up to 1 year.ResultsContinuous leptin was negatively related to MVPA (P = 0.001) independent of central adiposity at baseline and predicted the MVPA decline over 1 year (P = 0.002). For descriptive purposes, baseline leptin was dichotomized at the sample median into ‘high leptin’ and ‘low leptin’ categories to determine whether MVPA trajectories differed between these groups. Girls with ‘low leptin’ at baseline had significantly higher levels of MPVA at baseline, visit 1 and visit 2 compared to girls with ‘high leptin’.ConclusionsHigh leptin levels predicted nearly a 12.6% decline in MVPA over 1 year. These findings provide support for the biological basis of declining MVPA as girls enter puberty.
Early retinol‐binding protein levels are associated with growth changes in infants born to diabetic mothers
Authors: Francescato G. , Agosti M. , Bedogni G. , Pastò E. , Melzi d'Eril G. , Barassi A. , Risè P. , Agostoni C. 
Published: September 2012

SummaryBackgroundBiochemical predictors of infants' growth changes are not available.ObjectivesWe tested whether retinol‐binding protein (RBP), docosahexaenoic acid and insulin (I) measured within 72 h from birth are associated with growth changes in infants born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).MethodsFifty‐six children, 32 born to diabetic mothers treated with insulin (GDM‐I) and 24 born to diabetic mothers treated with diet (GDM‐D), were evaluated at 0, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months of life.ResultsAt multivariable regression performed using generalized estimating equations, early RBP levels and maternal body mass index were associated to average weight changes and early RBP and insulin levels to average length changes, respectively. There was no difference between GDM‐I and GDM‐D infants.ConclusionsThis exploratory study suggests that early RBP levels may be a predictor of growth changes.
Nursing competence: psychometric evaluation using Rasch modelling
Authors: Müller Marianne 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAimTo test the psychometric properties and evaluate the German version of the Nurse Competence Scale.BackgroundNursing competence is an important factor for high‐quality healthcare. However, there are only few instruments available, which try to assess nurse competence and there is limited knowledge about the psychometric quality of any of these instruments.DesignA cross‐sectional survey of 679 nurses was used.MethodAnalysis of the psychometric properties of the 73‐item Nurse Competence Scale was undertaken using confirmatory factor analyses and Rasch modelling with data generated in a study in 2007.ResultsThe 7‐factor model of the Nurse Competence Scale could not be confirmed. However, six scales consisting of 54 items demonstrated adequate fit to the Rasch model. The six subscales could also be combined into an overall competence scale.ConclusionsThere are concerns about the psychometric properties of the Nurse Competence Scale. The reduced set of items removes redundancy among items, is free from item bias and constitutes six unidimensional scales.
Genetic (co)variance components across age for Show Jumping performance as an estimation of phenotypic plasticity ability in Spanish horses
Authors: Bartolomé E. , Menéndez‐Buxadera A. , Valera M. , Cervantes I. , Molina A. 
Published: September 2012

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to study phenotypic plasticity ability for Show Jumping performance in horses according to age differences. For this study, 11 352 participations, belonging to 1085 horses grouped by age (4‐, 5‐ or 6‐year olds), were analysed. repeatability animal models (RAM) and multiple trait animal models (MTAM) were compared. RAM assumed the same covariance components for all age groups, whereas MTAM considered the results of every animal at every age group as different (but correlated) traits. The age, sex, starting order and training level were included as fixed effects. The random effects were the animal, the individual permanent environment, the competition and the rider. Six models were compared, and the rider–horse interaction was added as a random effect; furthermore, heterogeneous residual variance was taken into consideration only for MTAM. The study of the genetic correlations between age groups highlighted the presence of an age–genotype interaction and, therefore, an underlying environmental effect. This study may allow us to select horses with a plastic response, which show either a gradual response or a precocious response and thus gain or lose genetic potential with age, respectively.
Assembly of the BclB glycoprotein into the exosporium and evidence for its role in the formation of the exosporium ‘cap’ structure in Bacillus anthracis
Authors: Thompson Brian M. , Hoelscher Bryce C. , Driks Adam , Stewart George C. 
Published: September 2012

SummaryThe outermost layer of the Bacillus anthracis spore consists of an exosporium comprised of an outer hair‐like nap layer and an internal basal layer. A major component of the hair‐like nap is the glycosylated collagen‐like protein BclA. A second collagen‐like protein, BclB, is also present in the exosporium. BclB possesses an N‐terminal sequence that targets it to the exosporium and is similar in sequence to a cognate targeting region in BclA. BclB lacks, however, sequence similarity to the region of BclA thought to mediate attachment to the basal layer via covalent interactions with the basal layer protein BxpB. Here we demonstrate that BxpB is critical for correct localization of BclB during spore formation and that the N‐terminal domains of the BclA and BclB proteins compete for BxpB‐controlled assembly sites. We found that BclB is located principally in a region of the exosporium that excludes a short arc on one side of the exosporium (the so‐called bottle‐cap region). We also found that in bclB mutant spores, the distribution of exosporium proteins CotY and BxpB is altered, suggesting that BclB has roles in exosporium assembly. In bclB mutant spores, the distance between the exosporium and the coat, the interspace, is reduced.
Streamlining and Core Genome Conservation among Highly Divergent Members of the SAR11 Clade
Authors: Grote Jana , Thrash J. Cameron , Huggett Megan J. , Landry Zachary C. , Carini Paul , Giovannoni Stephen J. , Rappé Michael S. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT
SAR11 is an ancient and diverse clade of heterotrophic bacteria that are abundant throughout the world’s oceans, where they play a major role in the ocean carbon cycle. Correlations between the phylogenetic branching order and spatiotemporal patterns in cell distributions from planktonic ocean environments indicate that SAR11 has evolved into perhaps a dozen or more specialized ecotypes that span evolutionary distances equivalent to a bacterial order. We isolated and sequenced genomes from diverse SAR11 cultures that represent three major lineages and encompass the full breadth of the clade. The new data expand observations about genome evolution and gene content that previously had been restricted to the SAR11 Ia subclade, providing a much broader perspective on the clade’s origins, evolution, and ecology. We found small genomes throughout the clade and a very high proportion of core genome genes (48 to 56%), indicating that small genome size is probably an ancestral characteristic. In their level of core genome conservation, the members of SAR11 are outliers, the most conserved free-living bacteria known. Shared features of the clade include low GC content, high gene synteny, a large hypervariable region bounded by rRNA genes, and low numbers of paralogs. Variation among the genomes included genes for phosphorus metabolism, glycolysis, and C1 metabolism, suggesting that adaptive specialization in nutrient resource utilization is important to niche partitioning and ecotype divergence within the clade. These data provide support for the conclusion that streamlining selection for efficient cell replication in the planktonic habitat has occurred throughout the evolution and diversification of this clade.

IMPORTANCE
The SAR11 clade is the most abundant group of marine microorganisms worldwide, making them key players in the global carbon cycle. Growing knowledge about their biochemistry and metabolism is leading to a more mechanistic understanding of organic carbon oxidation and sequestration in the oceans. The discovery of small genomes in SAR11 provided crucial support for the theory that streamlining selection can drive genome reduction in low-nutrient environments. Study of isolates in culture revealed atypical organic nutrient requirements that can be attributed to genome reduction, such as conditional auxotrophy for glycine and its precursors, a requirement for reduced sulfur compounds, and evidence for widespread cycling of C1 compounds in marine environments. However, understanding the genetic variation and distribution of such pathways and characteristics like streamlining throughout the group has required the isolation and genome sequencing of diverse SAR11 representatives, an analysis of which we provide here.
Transcriptome Changes Induced by Epstein-Barr Virus LMP1 and LMP2A in Transgenic Lymphocytes and Lymphoma
Authors: Shair Kathy H. Y. , Raab-Traub Nancy 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT

Latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) and LMP2A affect cell growth in both epithelial cells and lymphocytes. In this study, the effects on cellular gene expression were determined by microarray analysis of transgenic mice expressing LMP1, LMP2A, or both using the immunoglobulin heavy chain promoter and enhancer. Large differential changes were detected, indicating that LMP1 and LMP2A can both potently affect host gene transcription, inducing distinct transcriptional profiles. Seventy percent of the changes detected in LMP1/2A doubly transgenic lymphocytes were also modulated by LMP1 or LMP2A alone. These common and unique expression changes indicate that the combined effects of LMP1 and LMP2A may be additive, synergistic, or inhibitory. Using significant pathway analysis, the expression changes detected in LMP1, LMP2A, and LMP1/2A transgenic B lymphocytes were predicted to commonly target cancer and inflammatory pathways. Additionally, using the correlation coefficient to calculate the regulation of known c-Rel and Stat3 transcriptional targets, both were found to be enhanced in LMP1 lymphocytes and lymphomas, and a selection of Stat3 targets was further evaluated and confirmed using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). Analyses of the effects on cell growth and viability revealed that LMP2A transgenic lymphocytes had the greatest enhanced viability
in vitro
; however, doubly transgenic lymphocytes (LMP1/2A) did not have enhanced survival in culture and these mice were similar to negative littermates. These findings indicate that the combined expression of LMP1 and LMP2A has potentially different biological outcomes than when the two proteins are expressed individually.

IMPORTANCE
The Epstein-Barr virus proteins latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) and LMP2A have potent effects on cell growth. In transgenic mice that express these proteins in B lymphocytes, the cell growth and survival properties are also affected. LMP1 transgenic mice have increased development of lymphoma, and the LMP1 lymphocytes have increased viability in culture. LMP2A transgenic lymphocytes have altered B cell development and enhanced survival. In this study, analysis of the cellular gene expression changes in transgenic LMP1 and LMP2A lymphocytes and LMP1 lymphomas revealed that both transgenes individually and in combination affected pathways important for the development of cancer and inflammation. Importantly, the combined expression of the two proteins had unique effects on cellular expression and cell viability. This is the first study to look at the combined effects of LMP1 and LMP2A on global changes in host gene expression.
Medication intensification in diabetes in rural primary care: a cluster-randomised effectiveness trial
Authors: Billue Katherine L , Safford Monika M , Salanitro Amanda H , Houston Thomas K , Curry William , Kim Yongin , Allison Jeroan J , Estrada Carlos A 
Published: September 2012

ObjectiveTo determine the effectiveness of a provider-based intervention to improve medication intensification among patients with diabetes.DesignEffectiveness cluster-randomised trial. Baseline and follow-up cross-sections of diabetes physicians’ patients.SettingEleven U.S. Southeastern states, 2006–2008.Participants205 Rural primary care physicians, 95 completed the study.InterventionMulticomponent interactive intervention including web-based continuing medical education (CME), performance feedback and quality improvement tools.Primary outcome measuresMedication intensification, a dose increase of an existing medication or the addition of a new class of medication for glucose, blood pressure and lipids control on any of the three most recent office visits.ResultsOf 364 physicians attempting to register, 102 were randomised to the intervention and 103 to the control arms; 95 physicians (intervention, n=48; control, n=47) provided data on their 1182 of their patients at baseline (intervention, n=715; control, n=467) and 945 patients at follow-up (intervention, n=479; control, n=466). For A1c control, medication intensification increased in both groups (intervention, pre 26.4% vs post 32.6%, p=0.022; control, pre 24.8% vs post 31.1%, p=0.033) (intervention, adjusted OR (AOR) 1.37; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.76; control, AOR 1.41 (95% CI 1.06 to 1.89)); however, we observed no incremental benefit solely due to the intervention (group-by-time interaction, p=0.948). Among patients with the worst glucose control (A1c >9%), intensification increased in both groups (intervention, pre 34.8% vs post 62.5%, p=0.002; control, pre 35.7% vs post 61.4%, p=0.008).ConclusionsA wide-reach, low-intensity, web-based interactive multicomponent intervention had no significant incremental effect on medication intensification for control of glucose, blood pressure or lipids for patients with diabetes of physicians practising in the rural Southeastern USA.Trial registrationNCT00403091.
Biomarkers of HPV in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Liang Caihua , Marsit Carmen J. , McClean Michael D. , Nelson Heather H. , Christensen Brock C. , Haddad Robert I. , Clark John R. , Wein Richard O. , Grillone Gregory A. , Houseman E. Andres , Halec Gordana , Waterboer Tim , Pawlita Michael , Krane Jeffrey F. , Kelsey Karl T. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) is an accepted cause of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), and patients with HPV-associated HNSCC have a favorable prognosis. Currently, there is no general guidance on the most appropriate biomarkers for clinical assessment of HPV in these malignancies. We compared PCR-based and serologic HPV assays, as well as p16 immunohistochemistry, individually and in combination in a single population-based study to assess their associations with overall survival among patients with HNSCC, and thus their potential value as biomarkers. HPV16 serology was determined for 488 patients; immunohistochemical detection of p16 expression in tumors was conducted in a subset of 233 cases, and PCR-based methods to assess the presence of HPV16 DNA in a subset of 179 cases of tumors. Considering each biomarker individually in the subset of patients studied for all endpoints, seropositivity for the E6 and E7 proteins was significantly associated with enhanced all-cause survival in oropharyngeal disease [HRE6/E7+ = 0.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.02–0.3]. Neither the presence of HPV16 DNA nor p16 immunostaining was associated with significant enhanced overall survival in oropharyngeal disease (HRDNA = 0.9, 95% CI = 0.3–2.9; HRp16 = 0.3, 95% CI = 0.1–1.1). However, the combination of HPV-positive DNA and E6 or E7 serology was associated with enhanced overall survival in oropharyngeal disease (HRDNA+/E6/E7+ = 0.1, 95% CI = 0.02–1.0), whereas E6/E7 seronegative patients with evidence of HPV in tumor DNA did not show any evidence of favorable survival (HRDNA+/E6-/E7- = 3.4, 95% CI = 0.6–18.1). Furthermore, patients with p16 staining and E6 or E7 seropositivity had favorable survival from oropharyngeal disease (HRp16+/E6/E7+ = 0.1, 95% CI = 0.02–0.4), whereas patients who were p16 positive and E6/E7 seronegative had significantly increased hazard of all causes of death (HRp16+/E6-/E7- = 3.1, 95% CI = 1.2–7.7). A stronger association of HPV presence with prognosis (assessed by all-cause survival) is observed when “HPV-associated” HNSCC is defined using tumor status (HPV DNA status or P16) and HPV E6/E7 serology in combination rather using tumor HPV status alone. Cancer Res; 72(19); 5004–13. ©2012 AACR.
Time is Brain(stem) in Basilar Artery Occlusion
Authors: Vergouwen Mervyn D. I. , Algra Ale , Pfefferkorn Thomas , Weimar Christian , Rueckert Christina M. , Thijs Vincent , Kappelle L. Jaap , Schonewille Wouter J. ,   on behalf of the Basilar Artery International Cooperation Study (BASICS) Study Group
Published: September 2012

Background and Purpose—
The frequent use of a longer time window for recanalization therapy in patients with basilar artery occlusion (BAO) in daily practice is not supported by any scientific evidence. We investigated the relationship between time to recanalization therapy and functional outcome in BAO with data from the Basilar Artery International Cooperation Study (BASICS).

Methods—
BASICS is a prospective multicenter registry of patients (n=619) with radiologically confirmed BAO. We analyzed patients receiving intravenous thrombolysis or intra-arterial treatment. Patients were divided into 4 groups based on the interval between estimated time of BAO and start of recanalization therapy: ≤3 hours (n=134), >3 to ≤6 hours (n=151), >6 to ≤9 hours (n=56), and >9 hours (n=68). Primary outcome measure was poor functional outcome (modified Rankin scale score 4–6) after 1 month. We calculated adjusted risk ratios with 95% CIs using Poisson regression analyses with the ≤3 hours group as the reference group.

Results—
Patients had an increased risk of poor functional outcome as time to recanalization therapy became longer (≤3 hours: 62%; >3 to ≤6 hours: 67% [adjusted risk ratio, 1.06; 0.91–1.25]; >6 to ≤9 hours: 77% [adjusted risk ratio, 1.26; 1.06–1.51]; >9 hours: 85% [adjusted risk ratio, 1.47; 1.26–1.72]).

Conclusions—
Early recanalization therapy in patients with BAO is associated with a more favorable outcome with a significant increased chance of a poor outcome when recanalization therapy is started >6 hours after estimated time of BAO.