bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TERT promoter mutations are associated with distant metastases in papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Gandolfi Greta , Ragazzi Moira , Frasoldati Andrea , Piana Simonetta , Ciarrocchi Alessia , Sancisi Valentina 
Published: January 2015

ObjectiveTranscriptional activating mutations in the promoter of the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene were reported at high frequency in aggressive poorly differentiated and anaplastic thyroid cancers. By contrast, the relevance of these mutations in the metastatic behavior of well-differentiated thyroid cancer is still to be defined. The aim of this work was to investigate the frequency ofTERTpromoter mutations in a remarkable cohort of well-differentiated papillary thyroid carcinoma that developed distant metastases (DM-PTCs) and to establish whether these mutations may be predictive of metastatic behavior.DesignWe analyzed the frequency ofTERTpromoter mutations in a group of 43 highly aggressive DM-PTCs. As controls, we analyzed these mutations in a group of 78 PTCs without distant metastases (control-PTCs). The possible correlation betweenTERTpromoter mutations and BRAF V600E mutation was also investigated.MethodsTERTpromoter mutational status was evaluated by direct sequencing of the hotspot harboring the C228T and the C250T mutations.ResultsIn the overall cohort of 121 PTCs analyzed, 17% of cases (21/121) carried a mutation in theTERTpromoter. Noticeably, 33% of DM-PTCs were mutated in theTERTpromoter while only 9% of the control-PTCs showed a mutation in this locus. We also observed a positive association between BRAF V600E andTERTC228T mutations in the cohort of DM-PTCs.ConclusionsThese results indicate thatTERTpromoter mutations are associated with the development of distant metastases in PTCs and may help in predicting aggressive behavior in this type of tumor.
Adolescents’ Perceptions of Light and Intermittent Smoking in the United States
Authors: Amrock Stephen M. , Weitzman Michael 
Published: January 2015

BACKGROUND:
Light smoking, consuming a few cigarettes daily, and intermittent, or nondaily, smoking patterns are increasingly common but carry health risks comparable to heavier smoking patterns. Nearly all smokers begin smoking as adolescents, who are at risk for developing these smoking patterns. Previous research suggests that smokers underestimate the risks associated with smoking. The extent to which adolescents perceive light and intermittent smoking as harmful has not been previously assessed.

METHODS:
Data from 24 658 US adolescents sampled by the 2012 National Youth Tobacco Survey, a national, school-based, cross-sectional survey, were examined. Cross-tabulations and multivariate ordered probit regression models were constructed to describe correlates of US adolescents’ perception of light and intermittent smoking.

RESULTS:
Although most adolescents (88.0%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 87.2% to 88.8%) reported beliefs that a heavier smoking pattern is very harmful, only 64.3% (95% CI; 63.2% to 65.3%) and 33.3% (95% CI; 32.0% to 34.6%) reported that light and intermittent smoking, respectively, are very harmful. Conversely, nearly one-quarter of US adolescents believed intermittent smoking causes little or no harm. Males, younger adolescents, Hispanics, and non-Hispanic blacks were more likely than their peers to view light and intermittent smoking patterns as less harmful. Those who were already light or intermittent smokers, those who used other tobacco products, and those who had a family member who used tobacco were also less likely to view their smoking patterns as harmful.

CONCLUSIONS:
Misconceptions about the safety of light and intermittent smoking are widespread among US adolescents. Significant public health attention is needed to redress these misperceptions.
MEA Gas Treating Sulphur Production System in the Wildcat Hills Complex
Authors: Petrunic Alexander 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
In the operation of the Wildcat Hills field and plant, modifications have been carried out to increase the maximum throughput, increase the efficiency of the sulphur recovery, decrease the chemical consumption, and decrease downtime and operational and maintenance costs, while maintaining or increasing the safety throughout the operation.
Many bottlenecks in plant equipment have been successfully removed with small additional costs, and these, along with operational techniques and methods of control, have increased the capacity and the efficiency of parts of the gas treating system by approximately 30 per cent. Also by proving gas treating and the selection of catalysts, the capacity of the sulphur plant has been increased by approximately 15 per cent.
The purpose of this article is to describe the general operation and discuss some of the ways in which many of the problem areas were studied and improved.
Recent Exploration Developments in Ontario
Authors: Beards R.I. , Sharp D.A. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Exploration activity in the province of Ontario showed an oyer-all upswing during 1967. This was most noticeable in two relatively new areas of exploratory interest – offshore Lake Erie and the Hudson and James Bay Lowlands. In southwestern Ontario, where North America's oil industry was born, significant discoveries continued to be made.
Developments in Lake Erie held the spotlight over those on land. By the year's end, virtually all the Canadian portion of the lake, some 3,108,000 acres, was held under exploratory licence by fifteen different operators. Wildcat drilling on this acreage discovered six new gas pools, in both the Clinton-Cataract sands and the Guelph-Lockport carbonates.
On land, attention was again focused on the Keg River-like Silurian pinnacle reefs. One such reef, abandoned some eight years ago as salt-plugged, proved to be productive with the drilling of a successful offset well. In early 1968, another Guelph-Lockport pinnacle reef was discovered using geophysical interpretation, thereby raising hopes that new techniques will now be useful in locating others.
In the Hudson and James Bay region, the federal government mapped two large prospective sedimentary basins. Silurian reefs similar to those found in southwestern Ontario were noted. Leasing of federal offshore and provincial onshore acreage in both Manitoba and Ontario (1,000,000 acres) and geophysical exploration continued on into 1968. The first exploratory test was drilled in the northern basin on the Manitoba side of the provincial boundary. At a symposium on Hudson Bay, held at Ottawa in February, 1968, industry and government reviewed the geophysical and geological work completed to date and discussed the potential occurrences of oil and gas, both onshore and offshore, in the Hudson and James Bay area.
These developments, combined with attractive secondary geological prospects, readily available subsurface information and the absence of prorationing, plus a high wellhead price paid for crude oil and natural gas, certainly suggest that Ontario will continue to maintain and perhaps improve its present status in Canada's total petroleum picture.
Dynamic Reservoir Data: Part II – Interpretation, Averaging and Use of the Basic Geological-Engineering Data
Authors: Havlena D. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract and Introduction
This paper is the second half and an integral part of a previous presentation entitled: " Interpretation, Averaging and Use of the Basic Geological-Engineering Data, STATIC RESERVOIR DATA (Part I)," presented at the 17th Annual Technical Meeting of The Petroleum Society of CIM, in Edmonton, Alberta, in May 1966; published in JCPT, October-December, 1966 and republished by SPE of AIME as Paper SPE 1974 (1967).
The purpose of these two complemental papers is to emphasize that taking, assembling and averaging of the basic data for further use in an analysis of a reservoir requires a profound knowledge of many of the specialized disciplines of modern geology and petroleum engineering.
" DYNAMIC RESERVOIR DATA (Part II)," presented in this particular paper, investigates the level of energy, the potential and also the forces contained or induced into the reservoir. These aspects are specifically discussed under the following major subheadings:Pressures to be Used in Analysis of a Reservoir:datum,depth of measurements,original reservoir pressure,bubble point pressure,pressures taken during the production life-averaging,superposition theorem,variable pressures-stepwise curve, and,incremental vs partial pressure drops.PVT Data: (a) sampling, (b) laboratory results, and (e) adjustment to different pb.Resume on Dynamic DataBibliographic References
Arsenic Exposure, Arsenic Metabolism, and Incident Diabetes in the Strong Heart Study
Authors: Kuo Chin-Chi , Howard Barbara V. , Umans Jason G. , Gribble Matthew O. , Best Lyle G. , Francesconi Kevin A. , Goessler Walter , Lee Elisa , Guallar Eliseo , Navas-Acien Ana 
Published: January 2015

OBJECTIVE
Little is known about arsenic metabolism in diabetes development. We investigated the prospective associations of low-moderate arsenic exposure and arsenic metabolism with diabetes incidence in the Strong Heart Study.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A total of 1,694 diabetes-free participants aged 45–75 years were recruited in 1989–1991 and followed through 1998–1999. We used the proportions of urine inorganic arsenic (iAs), monomethylarsonate (MMA), and dimethylarsinate (DMA) over their sum (expressed as iAs%, MMA%, and DMA%) as the biomarkers of arsenic metabolism. Diabetes was defined as fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, 2-h glucose ≥200 mg/dL, self-reported diabetes history, or self-reported use of antidiabetic medications.

RESULTS
Over 11,263.2 person-years of follow-up, 396 participants developed diabetes. Using the leave-one-out approach to model the dynamics of arsenic metabolism, we found that lower MMA% was associated with higher diabetes incidence. The hazard ratios (95% CI) of diabetes incidence for a 5% increase in MMA% were 0.77 (0.63–0.93) and 0.82 (0.73–0.92) when iAs% and DMA%, respectively, were left out of the model. DMA% was associated with higher diabetes incidence only when MMA% decreased (left out of the model) but not when iAs% decreased. iAs% was also associated with higher diabetes incidence when MMA% decreased. The association between MMA% and diabetes incidence was similar by age, sex, study site, obesity, and urine iAs concentrations.

CONCLUSIONS
Arsenic metabolism, particularly lower MMA%, was prospectively associated with increased incidence of diabetes. Research is needed to evaluate whether arsenic metabolism is related to diabetes incidence per se or through its close connections with one-carbon metabolism.
Study on Highway Transportation Route Selection of Heavy and Oversize Cargo
Authors: Zhou Yan Mei , Zeng Chuan Hua , Xian Fei 
Published: January 2015

<p class="p16"> This paper discussed the main limiting factors that affects the transportion route selection of heavy and oversize cargo and established the cost and time dual objective linear model on the basis of these limiting factors. By establishing the multi-attribute utility function, this dual objective linear model was transformed into the single objective model under the principle of maximizing the multi-attribute utility function value.The optimal route was obtained by using the Dijkstra shortest path algorithm in the model solution.</p>
Training Teen Mothers as Motivational Interviewers: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Yahne Carolina , Jackson Stephanie , Tollestrup Kristine 
Published: January 2015

When teen mothers do not graduate from high school, they and their children risk a lifetime of negative outcomes. They face major economic and health difficulties, often repeated across generations. To address this growing national concern that particularly impacts Hispanic teen mothers, we began by training young nonprofessional peer mentors in motivational interviewing (MI) to provide one-to-one support for teen mothers. To our knowledge, young non-clinicians have never before been formally evaluated for MI competency. Our preliminary investigation tested whether teen mothers who had succeeded in graduating could use MI effectively in conversations with their peers who had not yet completed high school. The six peer mentors were able to attain basic competency in MI. Some of their demonstrated skills went beyond competency to MI proficiency as measured by the MITI coding system. They also expressed their enthusiasm for the experience. They fully participated in the study protocols and also maintained the spirit of MI throughout the study. These findings are being used to design a training strategy for the peer mentors that can be used in schools and clinics throughout New Mexico. The question we asked was: “Can these young mothers, who have succeeded in graduating from high school, competently use MI to support other teen moms to continue their education?” The answer in this feasibility study was “yes”.
INCIDÊNCIA DE ERVAS DANINHAS E ATRIBUTOS DO SOLO EM UM AGROSSISTEMA DA PRÉ-AMAZÔNIA, SOB EFEITO DA COBERTURA MORTA DE DIFERENTES COMBINAÇÕES DE LEGUMINOSAS EM ALÉIAS
Authors: MOURA Emanoel Gomes de , AGUIAR Alana Das Chagas Ferreira , FERRAZ JUNIOR Altamiro Souza de Lima , COSTA Marlon Gomes da , SOUSA João Thiago Rodrigues de , SILVA JUNIOR Edílson Máximo da , GEHRING Christoph 
Published: January 2015

Nos agrossistemas do trópico úmido a variedade e a agressividade das ervas daninhas, são muito grandes, o que dificulta a adoção do plantio direto. Este trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de resíduos resultante de diferentes combinações de leguminosas em aléias, sobre a densidade e biomassa de ervas daninhas e alguns atributos do solo. O experimento foi instalado em janeiro de 2002 no campus da Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA), com as leguminosas: Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) De Wit.) (leucena), Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp) (guandu), Clitoria fairchildiana R.A.Howard (sombreiro) e Acacia mangium Willd. (acácia), formando os tratamentos: Sombreiro + Guandu; Leucena + Guandu; Acácia + Guandu; Sombreiro + Leucena; Leucena + Acácia e Testemunha. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. As amostragens foram realizadas em 2005 e 2007. Foram determinados os teores de N, P, K, Ca, lignina e polifenol nos resíduos, o pH, matéria orgânica, P, K, Ca, Mg, H+Al, densidade, porosidade total e capacidade de aeração no solo, e a abundância e a biomassa das ervas. Concluiu-se que quando as aléias foram combinadas de forma a permitir aplicação de baixa e alta qualidade de resíduos, houve diminuição na ocorrência e agressividade das ervas daninhas, ao mesmo tempo em que foi melhorada a fertilidade do solo.
EXTRATOS VEGETAIS E ÓLEOS ESSENCIAIS NA MICROPROPAGAÇÃO DE VIDEIRA CV. BORDÔ
Authors: SPINARDI Bruna , Machado RODRIGUES Aline , AYUB Ricardo Antonio , Weighert GALVÃO Carolina , NUNES Domingos Sávio 
Published: January 2015

A micropropagação da videira é utilizada com diversos objetivos, entre eles a multiplicação rápida de plantas, propagação de novos híbridos e obtenção de matrizes livres de patógenos. A utilização de extratos vegetais com ação antiviral na micropropagação mostra-se como uma forma alternativa e mais econômica na obtenção de matrizes livres de vírus. Este trabalho teve como objetivo testar os extratos aquosos de Dalbergia monetaria (spray-dryer e liofilizada) e os óleos essenciais de Melaleuca alternifolia e Calendula officinalis em diferentes concentrações na micropropagação de videira cv. Bordô. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: número de estacas, comprimento médio dos brotos, número de folhas, número de raízes por micro-estaca e comprimento da raiz principal. O extrato de D. monetaria spray-dry, reduziu o número de estacas e folhas, porém, foi efetivo no aumento do comprimento médio dos brotos e da raiz principal. D. monetaria liofilizado aumentou o número de raízes. Para calêndula não houve efeito, porém para Melaleuca alternifólia houve uma redução no número de estacas de modo linear com o aumento da concentração. Embora não se tenha benefícios diretos na micropropagação, este estudo serve de base na busca por substâncias antivirais, pois os mesmos não foram fitotóxicos. ABSTRACT Micropropagation of the grapevine is used with several objectives, including the rapid multiplication of plants, propagation of new hybrids and to obtain specific pathogen-free arrays. The use of plant extracts with antiviral action in micropropagation shows up as an alternative and more economical to obtain virus-free arrays. This study aimed to test the aqueous extract of Dalbergia monetaria (spray-dry and freeze-dried) and essential oils of Melaleuca and Calendula officinalis at different concentrations in the micropropagation of grapevine cv. Bordeaux. The parameters evaluated were: number of cuttings, the average length of shoots, number of leaves, number of roots and micro-cutting and the main root. The extract of D. monetary spray-dryer, reduced the number of cuttings and leaves, however, was effective in increasing the average length of shoots and root. D. monetary freeze increased the number of roots. To marigold no effect, but to Melaleuca alternifolia was a reduction in the number of poles in a linear fashion with increasing concentration. Although no direct benefits in micropropagation, this study is based on the search for antiviral substances, because they were not phytotoxic.
ENRAIZAMENTO ADVENTÍCIO DE ESTACAS SEMILENHOSAS DE CULTIVARES DE PESSEGUEIRO
Authors: MINDÊLLO NETO Ubirajara Ribeiro , TELLES Charles Allan , BIASI Luiz Antonio 
Published: January 2015

O presente trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o potencial de enraizamento de estacas semilenhosas de pessegueiros das cultivares Capdeboscq, Charme, Chimarrita, Della Nona, Eldorado, Eragil, Granada, Jubileu, Leonense, Maciel, Marfim, Ouro, Pampeano, Precocinho e Riograndense tratadas com ácido indolbutírico (AIB) na concentração de 1000 mg dm-3, com imersão rápida de 5 s. O experimento foi realizado na Embrapa - SNT Canoinhas (SC). As estacas foram coletadas em março e preparadas com 15 cm de comprimento e diâmetro entre 4 e 6 mm, deixando-se um par de folhas cortadas ao meio na sua parte superior. O plantio das estacas foi feito em casa-de-vegetação com nebulização intermitente, em canteiros de 3 m2, contendo como substrato areia textura média, permanecendo durante 81 dias nesse ambiente. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado com seis repetições e 12 estacas por parcela. As maiores porcentagens de enraizamento foram obtidas com as cultivares Marfin (90,27%), Eldorado (79,16%), Maciel (76,38%) e Leonense (69,44%). Já as cultivares Granada, Ouro, Pampeano e Riogandense apresentaram baixo potencial de enraizamento e desenvolvimento das raízes.
Exploration des mécanismes potentiels sous-jacents aux troubles liés à l’utilisation d’une substance chez les personnes atteintes d’un trouble de la personnalité
Authors: Clément Angelica , Raymond Katherine , Puzhko Svetlana , Bruneau Julie , Jutras-Aswad Didier 
Published: January 2015

Introduction Les troubles de la personnalité appartenant au groupe B du DSM-V, notamment les troubles de la personnalité limite et antisociale, sont associés à des taux élevés de problèmes liés à l’utilisation d’une substance. Les mécanismes qui pourraient expliquer cette relation demeurent cependant mal compris. Le craving a par ailleurs récemment été reconnu comme étant une composante majeure des troubles liés à l’utilisation d’une substance. Le but de cet article est donc d’effectuer une recension des écrits afin d’explorer la possibilité que le craving explique en partie cette comorbidité fréquente chez les personnes atteintes de troubles de la personnalité limite ou antisociale.
Méthode Revue critique de la littérature.
Résultats Un nombre limité d’études suggèrent une association positive entre la présence de troubles de la personnalité et le craving. Par ailleurs, les personnes atteintes de ces troubles répondent différemment aux médicaments qui réduisent ce symptôme, lorsque comparées à des sujets normaux. Alors qu’un nombre réduit d’études ont porté directement sur le craving et les troubles de la personnalité, plusieurs ont exploré l’association entre certains traits de tempérament et le craving. La corrélation entre l’impulsivité, les affects négatifs et le craving pourrait potentiellement expliquer la prévalence élevée et la sévérité des troubles liés à l’usage de substances chez les personnes atteintes d’un trouble de la personnalité limite ou antisociale.
Conclusion Ces résultats suggèrent que certains traits de personnalité seraient liés au craving et pourraient servir de cibles intéressantes pour prévenir, évaluer et gérer les troubles comorbides liés à l’utilisation de substances.
“The sky is the limit”: adhering to antiretroviral therapy and HIV self‐management from the perspectives of adolescents living with HIV and their adult caregivers
Authors: Denison Julie A , Banda Harry , Dennis Alexis C , Packer Catherine , Nyambe Namakau , Stalter Randy M , Mwansa Jonathan K , Katayamoyo Patrick , McCarraher Donna R 
Published: January 2015

IntroductionWorldwide, HIV‐related mortality among adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) increased by 50% from 2005 to 2012 and is attributed in part to a lack of support for adolescent retention to care and adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). This vulnerability reinforces the need to better understand incomplete ART adherence among ALHIV, particularly in sub‐Saharan Africa, where the majority of the world's 2.1 million ALHIV reside.MethodsFrom December 2011 to February 2012, we conducted in‐depth interviews with 32 ALHIV (aged 15 to 18) and 23 of their adult caregivers in the Copperbelt Province of Zambia. Interviews were transcribed and translated. An iterative qualitative process was used to code and analyze the data and main themes were summarized regarding the barriers to and facilitators of ART adherence.ResultsMore than a quarter of ALHIV reported missing a day or more of ART (ranging from one day to six months). Barriers to ART adherence included fear of disclosure and anticipated stigma. Few youth were willing to take their drugs outside of the home, which led to missed doses of ART. Similarly, families tended to manage HIV within the home only. As a result, although caregivers and families were often the greatest source of emotional and instrumental support, they coped with HIV in isolation of other potential support from their communities, schools or churches. Factors that supported ART adherence included attending clinic‐sponsored youth groups, wanting to maintain one's health and using phone and clock alarms. Involvement of adult caregivers in HIV management varied greatly and was often based on the age and health status of the youth. Some caregivers struggled with letting the adolescents assume responsibility for their medication, and ALHIV had few self‐management skills and tools to help them regularly take ART.ConclusionsThese data highlight the importance of families and home environments in supporting adherence to ART among ALHIV. Skill‐building and family‐based interventions to prepare ALHIV and their adult caregivers for HIV self‐management and HIV status disclosure by youth are of paramount importance. Future research and programmes also need to address the fears adolescents and families have regarding HIV‐related stigma that shape young peoples’ adherence behaviours.