bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial Matérn Fields Driven by Non‐Gaussian Noise
Authors: Bolin David 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe article studies non‐Gaussian extensions of a recently discovered link between certain Gaussian random fields, expressed as solutions to stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs), and Gaussian Markov random fields. The focus is on non‐Gaussian random fields with Matérn covariance functions, and in particular, we show how the SPDE formulation of a Laplace moving‐average model can be used to obtain an efficient simulation method as well as an accurate parameter estimation technique for the model. This should be seen as a demonstration of how these techniques can be used, and generalizations to more general SPDEs are readily available.
Anaemia, iron deficiency and a common polymorphism of iron‐regulation, TMPRSS6 rs855791, in Rwandan children
Authors: Danquah Ina , Gahutu Jean‐Bosco , Zeile Irene , Musemakweri Andre , Mockenhaupt Frank P. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAnaemia in children living in sub‐Saharan Africa is common, but its causes are diverse. In 545 children below 5 years of age from rural southern Rwanda, we assessed the role of iron deficiency (ID) and of the TMPRSS6 736(V) (rs855791) allele, known to reduce iron status and haemoglobin (Hb) levels, in anaemia and Hb concentrations. Anaemia (Hb <11 g/dl) was present in 34.4% of the children and ID (ferritin <12 ng/ml) in 17.6%. The TMPRSS6 736(V) allele was uncommon (allele frequency, 0.096) and not associated with ID. In multivariate analysis, ID was positively associated with anaemia (adjusted odds ratio, 1.67) to an extent comparable with α+‐thalassaemia, breastfeeding, inflammation and low household income, but the odds were substantially higher in Plasmodium falciparum infection (adjusted odds ratio, 10.3). These findings were verified in a multivariate analysis of Hb concentrations. The TMPRSS6 736(V) allele only tended to be associated with low Hb levels. TMPRSS6 736(V) is comparatively rare among Rwandan children and may only slightly contribute to low Hb concentrations. Preventable causes of anaemia, notably ID and P. falciparum infection, largely outweigh its impact and need to be addressed to improve the haematological status of children in the study area.
Serum antibodies against βH‐crystallins in the American Cocker Spaniel
Authors: Kanemaki Nobuyuki , Fukiage Chiho , Ichikawa Yoichiro , Shearer Thomas R. , Azuma Mitsuyoshi 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo detect antibodies for lens βH‐crystallins in the serum from the American Cocker Spaniel (ACS) presenting with and without cataracts and with and without uveitis.Animal StudiedSeventy‐three American Cocker Spaniels and six normal Beagles.ProceduresSera were collected from 73 ACSs, including those with normal lenses and those with cataracts, or uveitis. Fractionated, normal Beagle lens βH‐crystallins were separated by one‐ or two‐dimensional electrophoresis. The separated lens βH‐crystallins were used on immunoblots as sentinel substrates against which the ACS sera were tested for the presence of antibodies against βH‐crystallins.ResultsSera from approximately two‐thirds of study animals contained antibodies to some βH‐crystallin polypeptides, but reactivity varied among patients. Contrary to some hypotheses, serum antibodies to groups of βH‐crystallins did not relate to the stages of cataract. However, detailed analysis by two‐dimensional immunoblotting and mass spectrometry showed that three spots originating from βA1‐crystallin were detected only in sera from cataract patients.ConclusionSerum antibodies to βA1‐crystallin may be associated with the development of cataract.
Hepatitis C Virus Late Relapse after Sustained Virologic Response from Interferon and Ribavirin Treatment as Confirmed by RNA Sequencing
Authors: Lu Yidan , Andonov Anton , Wong David K. H. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) viremia is unusual (<5%) after successful treatment, defined as sustained virologic response (SVR) or undetectable HCV PCR 12 to 24 weeks after therapy. We present a case of late virologic relapse (
de novo
infection was excluded by RNA sequencing) after SVR followed by spontaneous viral clearance.
A Novel Cytotoxic Sequence Contributes to Influenza A Viral Protein PB1-F2 Pathogenicity and Predisposition to Secondary Bacterial Infection
Authors: Alymova Irina V. , Samarasinghe Amali , Vogel Peter , Green Amanda M. , Weinlich Ricardo , McCullers Jonathan A. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT
Enhancement of cell death is a distinguishing feature of H1N1 influenza virus A/Puerto Rico/8/34 protein PB1-F2. Comparing the sequences (amino acids [aa] 61 to 87 using PB1-F2 amino acid numbering) of the PB1-F2-derived C-terminal peptides from influenza A viruses inducing high or low levels of cell death, we identified a unique I68, L69, and V70 motif in A/Puerto Rico/8/34 PB1-F2 responsible for promotion of the peptide's cytotoxicity and permeabilization of the mitochondrial membrane. When administered to mice, a 27-mer PB1-F2-derived C-terminal peptide with this amino acid motif caused significantly greater weight loss and pulmonary inflammation than the peptide without it (due to I68T, L69Q, and V70G mutations). Similar to the wild-type peptide, A/Puerto Rico/8/34 elicited significantly higher levels of macrophages, neutrophils, and cytokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of mice than its mutant counterpart 7 days after infection. Additionally, infection of mice with A/Puerto Rico/8/34 significantly enhanced the levels of morphologically transformed epithelial and immune mononuclear cells recruited in the airways compared with the mutant virus. In the mouse bacterial superinfection model, both peptide and virus with the I68, L69, and V70 sequence accelerated development of pneumococcal pneumonia, as reflected by increased levels of viral and bacterial lung titers and by greater mortality. Here we provide evidence suggesting that the newly identified cytotoxic sequence I68, L69, and V70 of A/Puerto Rico/8/34 PB1-F2 contributes to the pathogenesis of both primary viral and secondary bacterial infections.
Apolipoprotein E Codetermines Tissue Tropism of Hepatitis C Virus and Is Crucial for Viral Cell-to-Cell Transmission by Contributing to a Postenvelopment Step of Assembly
Authors: Hueging Kathrin , Doepke Mandy , Vieyres Gabrielle , Bankwitz Dorothea , Frentzen Anne , Doerrbecker Juliane , Gumz Frauke , Haid Sibylle , Wölk Benno , Kaderali Lars , Pietschmann Thomas 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) predominantly infects human hepatocytes, although extrahepatic virus reservoirs are being discussed. Infection of cells is initiated via cell-free and direct cell-to-cell transmission routes. Cell type-specific determinants of HCV entry and RNA replication have been reported. Moreover, several host factors required for synthesis and secretion of lipoproteins from liver cells, in part expressed in tissue-specific fashion, have been implicated in HCV assembly. However, the minimal cell type-specific requirements for HCV assembly have remained elusive. Here we report that production of HCV
trans
-complemented particles (HCV
TCP
) from nonliver cells depends on ectopic expression of apolipoprotein E (ApoE). For efficient virus production by full-length HCV genomes, microRNA 122 (miR-122)-mediated enhancement of RNA replication is additionally required. Typical properties of cell culture-grown HCV (HCVcc) particles from ApoE-expressing nonliver cells are comparable to those of virions derived from human hepatoma cells, although specific infectivity of virions is modestly reduced. Thus, apolipoprotein B (ApoB), microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP), and apolipoprotein C1 (ApoC1), previously implicated in HCV assembly, are dispensable for production of infectious HCV. In the absence of ApoE, release of core protein from infected cells is reduced, and production of extracellular as well as intracellular infectivity is ablated. Since envelopment of capsids was not impaired, we conclude that ApoE acts after capsid envelopment but prior to secretion of infectious HCV. Remarkably, the lack of ApoE also abrogated direct HCV cell-to-cell transmission. These findings highlight ApoE as a host factor codetermining HCV tissue tropism due to its involvement in a late assembly step and viral cell-to-cell transmission.
Replication of Oral BK Virus in Human Salivary Gland Cells
Authors: Burger-Calderon Raquel , Madden Victoria , Hallett Ryan A. , Gingerich Aaron D. , Nickeleit Volker , Webster-Cyriaque Jennifer 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTBK polyomavirus (BKPyV) is the most common viral pathogen among allograft patients. Increasing evidence links BKPyV to the human oral compartment and to HIV-associated salivary gland disease (HIVSGD). To date, few studies have analyzed orally derived BKPyV. This study aimed to characterize BKPyV isolated from throat wash (TW) samples from HIVSGD patients. The replication potential of HIVSGD-derived clinical isolates HIVSGD-1 and HIVSGD-2, both containing the noncoding control region (NCCR) architecture OPQPQQS, were assessed and compared to urine-derived virus. The BKPyV isolates displayed significant variation in replication potential. Whole-genome alignment of the two isolates revealed three nucleotide differences that were analyzed for a potential effect on the viral life cycle. Analysis revealed a negligible difference in NCCR promoter activity despite sequence variation and emphasized the importance of functional T antigen (Tag) for efficient replication. HIVSGD-1 encoded full-length Tag, underwent productive infection in both human salivary gland cells and kidney cells, and expressed viral DNA and Tag protein. Additionally, HIVSGD-1 generated DNase-resistant particles and by far surpassed the replication potential of the kidney-derived isolate in HSG cells. HIVSGD-2 encoded a truncated form of Tag and replicated much less efficiently. Quantitation of infectious virus, via the fluorescent forming unit assay, suggested that HIVSGD BKPyV had preferential tropism for salivary gland cells over kidney cells. Similarly, the results suggested that kidney-derived virus had preferential tropism for kidney cells over salivary gland cells. Evidence of HIVSGD-derived BKPyV oral tropism and adept viral replication in human salivary gland cells corroborated the potential link between HIVSGD pathogenesis and BKPyV.
Variation of Two Primate Lineage-Specific Residues in Human SAMHD1 Confers Resistance to N Terminus-Targeted SIV Vpx Proteins
Authors: Wei Wei , Guo Haoran , Gao Qimeng , Markham Richard , Yu Xiao-Fang 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT
Sterile alpha motif and HD domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) restricts human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in myeloid cells but is inactivated by certain classes of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Vpx proteins. Vpx proteins recruit the DCAF1-CRL4 E3 ubiquitin ligase to trigger species-specific SAMHD1 degradation. Determinants of SIV Vpx-mediated primate SAMHD1 degradation have been mapped to its C terminus. In this study, we have identified the N terminus of human SAMHD1 as a major species-specific determinant of Vpx-mediated suppression. The SIVmnd2 and SIVrcm Vpx proteins recognize the N terminus of rhesus, but not human, SAMHD1. We have also demonstrated that variation of two primate lineage-specific residues between human and rhesus SAMHD1 proteins determine resistance to SIVmnd2 and SIVrcm Vpx proteins. These residues (Cys15 and Ser52) are sequentially mutated to Phe in different lineages of Old World monkeys. Consequently, SIVmnd2 and SIVrcm Vpx proteins that could recognize Phe15- and Phe52-containing SAMHD1 could not inactivate human SAMHD1, which contains Cys15 and Ser52. In contrast, SIVmac Vpx, which targets the C terminus of SAMHD1 molecules, could inactivate various primate SAMHD1 molecules with divergent C-terminal sequences. Both C terminus-targeted SIVmac Vpx and N terminus-targeted SIVrcm Vpx require DCAF1 for the induction of SAMHD1 degradation. The ability of SIV Vpx to restrict SAMHD1 among different primate species is a manifestation of the SAMHD1 evolutionary pattern among those species.
Anfibatide, a novel GPIb complex antagonist, inhibits platelet adhesion and thrombus formation in vitro and in vivo in murine models of thrombosis
Authors: Lei Xi , Reheman Adili , Hou Yan , Zhou Hui , Wang Yiming , Marshall Alexandra H. , Liang Chaofan , Dai Xiangrong , Li Benjamin Xiaoyi , Vanhoorelbeke Karen , Ni Heyu 
Published: October 2013

SummaryPlatelet adhesion and aggregation at the sites of vascular injury are key events for thrombosis and haemostasis. It has been well demonstrated that interaction between glycoprotein (GP) Ib and von Willebrand factor (VWF) initiates platelet adhesion and contributes to platelet aggregation, particularly at high shear. GPIb has long been suggested as a desirable antithrombotic target, but anti-GPIb therapy has never been successfully developed. Here, we evaluated the antithrombotic potential of Anfibatide, a novel snake venom-derived GPIb antagonist. We found Anfibatide inhibited washed murine platelet aggregation induced by ristocetin and recombinant murine VWF. It also blocked botrocetin-induced binding of murine plasma VWF to recombinant human GPIb . Interestingly, Anfibatide did not inhibit botrocetin- induced aggregation of platelet-rich plasma, indicating that its binding site may differ from other snake venom-derived GPIb antagonists. Anfibatide strongly inhibited platelet adhesion, aggregation, and thrombus formation in perfusion chambers at high shear conditions and efficiently dissolved preformed thrombi. Anfibatide also inhibited thrombus growth at low shear conditions, though less than at high shear. Using intravital microscopy, we found that Anfibatide markedly inhibited thrombosis in laser-injured cremaster vessels and prevented vessel occlusion in FeCl3-injured mesenteric vessels. Importantly, Anfibatide further inhibited residual thrombosis in VWF-deficient mice, suggesting that Anfibatide has additional antithrombotic effect beyond its inhibitory role in GPIb-VWF interaction. Anfibatide did not significantly cause platelet activation, prolong tail bleeding time, or cause bleeding diathesis in mice. Thus, consistent with the data from an ongoing clinical trial, the data from this study suggests that Anfibatide is a potent and safe antithrombotic agent.
Red blood cell distribution width and the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and all-cause mortality
Authors: Weitzman Dahlia , Raz Raanan , Steinvil Arie , Zeltser David , Berliner Shlomo , Chodick Gabriel , Shalev Varda , Arbel Yaron 
Published: October 2013

SummaryRed blood cell distribution width (RDW) has been shown to predict cardiovascular mortality in various populations, but studies were less conclusive regarding cardiovascular morbidity. We aimed at evaluating the prognostic effect of RDW on cardiovascular morbidity and allcause mortality in the largest community cohort to date. We utilised the computerised database of a large community based healthcare maintenance organization (HMO) in Israel to identify a cohort of 225,006 eligible patients aged 40 or above who performed a blood count during 2006. We evaluated the relationship between 1% increments of RDW values and major cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality over a period of five years. A total of 21,939 incident cases of a major cardiovascular event and 4,287 deaths were documented during a total of six years of follow up, respectively. In comparison with patients with RDW level <13%, the hazard ratio for total mortality gradually increased to 4.57 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.35–6.24, p<0.001) among male patients and to 3.26 (95% CI: 2.49–4.28, p<0.001) among female patients with a RDW of 17% or above. Similar results were evident in anaemic and non-anaemic populations. RDW above 17% was also associated with a modest increased risk of major cardiovascular events in females 1.26 (95% CI: 1.03–1.52, p=0.021), while in men it was not significant, 1.08 (95% CI: 0.82–1.41, p=NS). In conclusion, increasing RDW levels significantly increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and all-cause mortality. Our observation is evident in both anaemic and non-anaemic patients.
Left Ventricular Diastolic Function Is Associated With Symptom Status in Severe Aortic Valve Stenosis
Authors: Dahl Jordi S. , Christensen Nicolaj L. , Videbæk Lars , Poulsen Mikael K. , Carter-Storch Rasmus , Hey Thomas M. , Pellikka Patricia A. , Steffensen Flemming H. , Møller Jacob E. 
Published: October 2013

Background—
In aortic valve stenosis (AS), the occurrence of heart failure symptoms does not always correlate with severity of valve stenosis and left ventricular (LV) function. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that symptomatic patients with AS have impaired diastolic, longitudinal systolic function, and left atrial dilatation compared with asymptomatic patients.

Methods and Results—

In a retrospective descriptive study, we compared clinical characteristics and echocardiographic parameters in 99 symptomatic and 139 asymptomatic patients with severe AS and LV ejection fraction ≥50%. Independent predictors of symptomatic state were identified using logistic regression analysis. Symptomatic patients were younger (72±10 versus 76±12 years of age;
P
=0.002), presented less often with atrial fibrillation (13% versus 24%;
P
=0.05) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2% versus 19%;
P
<0.001), and had a lower prevalence of hypertension (73% versus 40%;
P
<0.001). Despite similar AS severity, symptomatic patients had higher LV mass index (120±39 versus 95±25 g/m
2
;
P
<0.0001), increased relative wall thickness (0.61±0.15 versus 0.50±0.11;
P
<0.0001), shorter mitral deceleration time (199±58 versus 268±62 ms;
P
<0.0001), and increased left atrial volume index (49±18 versus 42±15 mL/m
2
;
P
=0.02). When adjusting for age, history of hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a multivariable logistic regression analysis, LV mass index, relative wall thickness, left atrial volume index, and deceleration time were still associated with the presence of symptoms.

Conclusions—
The present study demonstrates that symptomatic status in severe AS is associated with impaired diastolic function, LV hypertrophy, concentric remodeling, and left atrial dilatation when corrected for indices of AS severity.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00294775.
Deferoxamine Attenuates White Matter Injury in a Piglet Intracerebral Hemorrhage Model
Authors: Xie Qing , Gu Yuxiang , Hua Ya , Liu Wenquan , Keep Richard F. , Xi Guohua 
Published: October 2013

Background and Purpose—
Deferoxamine reduces neuronal death in a piglet model of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). This study examined the effect of deferoxamine on perihematomal white matter edema in piglets.

Methods—
ICH was induced by an injection of autologous blood into the right frontal lobe of piglets. In the first part of study, the time course of edema formation was determined. In the second part, the effects of deferoxamine on ICH-induced white matter edema, tumor necrosis factor α, and receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 were examined.

Results—
ICH resulted in marked brain edema and increased tumor necrosis factor α and receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 levels in white matter. Systemic treatment with deferoxamine markedly reduced white matter tumor necrosis factor α and receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 levels and attenuated white matter edema after ICH.

Conclusions—
Deferoxamine reduces white matter edema, tumor necrosis factor α, and receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 levels after ICH in piglets, suggesting deferoxamine is a potential effective therapeutic agent for patients with ICH.
Validation of certain family, generic and species names in Krapp-Schickel &amp; Müller, 2011 and Lowry &amp; Myers, 2013
Authors: LOWRY J. K. , MYERS A. A. 
Published: October 2013

Krapp-Schickel & Müller (2011) published one new genus Kairos and two new species, Kairos segregans and Elasmopus polynesus in Marine Biodiversity Records. Because Marine Biodiversity Records is an entirely electronic journal which does not produce hard copies, it is not eligible to publish new taxonomic names unless the names are registered in Zoobank and cited in the paper at the time of publication. Consequently, the genus Kairos and the species Kairos segregans and Elasmopus polynesus are currently considered to be nomina nuda. Unaware of this, Lowry & Myers (2013) established the family Kairosidae based on the genus Kairos. Because the family is based on an unavailable name, it also becomes a nomen nudum.
Drug Trafficking and Literature
Authors: López Badano Cecilia 
Published: October 2013

An exploration of the relationship between ethics and literary aesthetics based on an Argentine intergenre text built on modern narrative techniques and realist police journalism—Cristian Alarcón’s Si me querés, quereme transa—unravels the networks of South American migration that sustain urban drug dealing and alter the profile of the city. Recent narratives of drug trafficking such as this one represent a contemporary international and globalized literary genre that dilutes concepts such as nation, literary aesthetics, and fiction. Una exploración de la relación entre ética y estética literaria basado en un texto intergenérica argentina construido sobre técnicas modernas de narrativa y reportaje policial realista– Si me querés, quereme transa, de Cristián Alarcón–revela las redes de migración sudamericana que sustentan el tráfico de drogas urbano y alteran el perfil de la ciudad. Al igual que otras narrativas recientes sobre el narcotráfico, el libro presenta un género literario contemporáneo globalizado que diluye conceptos como nación, estética literaria y ficción.