bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The unravelling of the uncivil state: Iraq and the imposition of sectarian governance
Authors: Ismael Tareq Y. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The era of American hegemony over the Arab state system beginning in 1990 has witnessed the exhaustion of Arab nationalism, destruction of the republican states influenced by its formalized ideological praxis, and the routine denial of universal human rights and Arab self-determination. Of parallel concern to this humanitarian calamity, the period has been marked by the growth of militarized non-state actors and the promotion of sectarian political identities. These phenomena are the result of policy choices, often exercised by outside power, or local elites aligned with outside power, that have driven radicalization and subverted inter-communal comity, thwarting the potential for political legitimacy at the national level. When alloyed together these phenomena, fastened as they are to Pax Americana, delineate a chaos marked by the absence of political leadership at all levels. This chaos confronts both the few remaining regional actors continuing to manage functional state institutions and those who possess some measure of political legitimacy and who attempt statebuilding, with a necessary focus on bringing order beyond their domains. Building social comity and economic development in the absence of political institutions will require a regional solution that invites the participation of all actors and the redress of legitimate grievances. The alternative, whereby greater militarized intervention and increased radicalization exploit sectarian logics, will result in expanded humanitarian wreckage and the potential ruin of the remaining institutions of governance
Breaking windows: In the neighbourhood and in Iraq
Authors: Baker Raymond William 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The US-led invasion of Iraq, a ‘supreme war crime’, not only shattered the Iraqi state, killed hundreds and hundreds of thousands of Iraqis, and devastated the incomparable cultural heritage of the birthplace of civilization, it also created the fertile seedbed for the efflorescence of crime, corruption and violent extremisms. Iraqis today live amidst shards of glass, resulting from the deliberate policy of ‘breaking windows’ to end the Iraqi state.
Inscribing Institutional Exhibition History: On the Centre Pompidou’s Catalogue Raisonné Project
Authors: Szacka Léa-Catherine , Parcollet Remi 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The Centre Pompidou recently instigated a think tank to examine the history of its exhibitions, giving weight to the configuration of each show as a cultural artefact. This initiative aims to critically consider and facilitate the documentation and cataloguing of all of its exhibitions, with a focus on reviewing what past initiatives have been most successful. Each exhibition, then, is considered in terms of its various manners of inscribing cultural history. This article examines the initial stages of curatorial research at the Centre Pompidou, as well as offers a critical take on how the methodologies deployed by the institution have both enhanced the historical record of exhibitions and stimulated fresh thinking around display history.
From the Astor Court to Liu Fang Yuan: Exhibiting ‘Chinese-ness’ in America
Authors: Li Han 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Diasporic Chinese gardens are both aesthetic spaces showcasing Chinese artistic and cultural expressions and social spaces reflecting the social, economic and institutional circumstances of different historical eras. This article examines two Chinese gardens in the United States – the Astor Court at the Metropolitan Museum of Art (1981) and Liu Fang Yuan (‘Garden of Flowing Fragrance’) in the Huntington Library, California (2008). By looking into the construction, exhibition and interpretation of these two garden spaces, this examination will explore the sociocultural politics behind three decades of exhibiting ‘Chinese-ness’ in America and how it is contextual and continuously changing.
Book Reviews
Authors: Anderson Peter , Kent Charlotte , Geoghegan Chloe , Mutlu Rasit 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
HOW TO WRITE ABOUT CONTEMPORARY ART, GILDA WILLIAMS London: Thames and Hudson (2014), 264 pp., Paperback, ISBN: 978-0-50029-157-3, £12.95
CAPITAL CULTURE: J. CARTER BROWN, THE NATIONAL GALLERY, AND THE REINVENTION OF THE MUSEUM EXPERIENCE, NEIL HARRIS Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press (2013), 616 pp., Hardcover, ISBN: 978-0-22606-770-4, US$35.00
INSTITUTIONS BY ARTISTS: VOLUME ONE, JEFF KHONSARY AND KRISTINA LEE PODESVA (EDS) Vancouver: Fillip Editions and Pacific Association of Artist Run Centres (2012), 384 pp., Paperback, ISBN: 978-1-92735-402-5, CAN$20.00
YOU ARE HERE: ART AFTER THE INTERNET, OMAR KHOLEIF (ED.) Manchester and London: Cornerhouse and SPACE (2014), 256 pp., ISBN: 978-0-95695-717-7, Paperback, £15.95
Low-Velocity Nail-Gun Injuries to the Interventricular Septum: Report of Two Cases, One in a Child
Authors: Michalsen Kara L. , Iguidbashian John P. , Kyser James P. , Long William B. 
Published: August 2015

Nail-gun injury to the heart is rare. Nail-gun injury to the interventricular septum is rarer: we could find only 5 reported cases, and none involving a child. We report 2 additional cases, in which nails penetrated the interventricular septum without causing acute pericardial tamponade, heart block, or shunt across the septum. Transesophageal echocardiography provides a dynamic way to evaluate the patient preoperatively, intraoperatively, and postoperatively.
In the cases reported here, both the adult with multiple interventricular nails and the child with a single nail underwent foreign-object removal via median sternotomy. The child needed cardiopulmonary bypass for removal of the nail. There were no short-term or long-term sequelae from these interventricular septal injuries.
Successful Use of Therapeutic Hypothermia in a Pregnant Patient
Authors: Oguayo Kevin N. , Oyetayo Ola O. , Stewart David , Costa Steven M. , Jones Richard O. 
Published: August 2015

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is a leading cause of death in the United States. Pregnant women are not immune to cardiac arrest, and the treatment of such patients can be difficult. Pregnancy is a relative contraindication to the use of therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest.
A 20-year-old woman who was 18 weeks pregnant had an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Upon her arrival at the emergency department, she was resuscitated and her circulation returned spontaneously, but her score on the Glasgow Coma Scale was 3. After adequate family discussion of the risks and benefits of therapeutic hypothermia, a decision was made to initiate therapeutic hypothermia per established protocol for 24 hours. The patient was successfully cooled and rewarmed. By the time she was discharged, she had experienced complete neurologic recovery, apart from some short-term memory loss. Subsequently, at 40 weeks, she delivered vaginally a 7-lb 3-oz girl whose Apgar scores were 8 and 9, at 1 and 5 minutes respectively.
To our knowledge, this is only the 3rd reported case of a successful outcome following the initiation of therapeutic hypothermia for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in a pregnant woman. On the basis of this and previous reports of successful outcomes, we recommend that therapeutic hypothermia be considered an option in the management of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the pregnant population. To facilitate a successful outcome, a multidisciplinary approach involving cardiology, emergency medicine, obstetrics, and neurology should be used.
Impact of Insulin Resistance on Neointimal Tissue Proliferation after 2nd-Generation Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation
Authors: Komatsu Takaaki , Yaguchi Isao , Komatsu Sachiko , Nakahara Shiro , Kobayashi Sayuki , Sakai Yoshihiko , Taguchi Isao 
Published: August 2015

Percutaneous coronary intervention is established as an effective treatment for patients with ischemic heart disease; in particular, drug-eluting stent implantation is known to suppress in-stent restenosis. Diabetes mellitus is an independent risk factor for restenosis, so reducing insulin resistance is being studied as a new treatment approach. In this prospective study, we sought to clarify the factors associated with in-stent restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention, and we evaluated the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index as a predictor of restenosis.
We enrolled 136 consecutive patients who underwent elective percutaneous coronary intervention at our hospital from February 2010 through April 2013. All were implanted with a 2nd-generation drug-eluting stent. We distributed the patients in accordance with their HOMA-IR index values into insulin-resistant Group P (HOMA-IR, ≥2.5; n=77) and noninsulin-resistant Group N (HOMA-IR, <2.5; n=59). Before and immediately after stenting, we measured reference diameter, minimal lumen diameter, and percentage of stenosis, and after 8 months we measured the last 2 factors and late lumen loss, all by means of quantitative coronary angiography.
After 8 months, the mean minimal lumen diameter was smaller in Group P than that in Group N (1.85 ± 1.02 vs 2.37 ± 0.66 mm; P=0.037), and the mean late lumen loss was larger (0.4 ± 0.48 vs 0.16 ± 0.21 mm; P=0.025). These results suggest that insulin resistance affects neointimal tissue proliferation after 2nd-generation drug-eluting stent implantation.
Modified Maze Procedure for Atrial Fibrillation as an Adjunct to Elective Cardiac Surgery: Predictors of Mid-Term Recurrence and Echocardiographic Follow-Up
Authors: Loardi Claudia , Alamanni Francesco , Veglia Fabrizio , Galli Claudia , Parolari Alessandro , Zanobini Marco 
Published: August 2015

The radiofrequency maze procedure achieves sinus rhythm in 45%–95% of patients treated for atrial fibrillation. This retrospective study evaluates mid-term results of the radiofrequency maze—performed concomitant to elective cardiac surgery—to determine sinus-rhythm predictive factors, and describes the evolution of patients' echocardiographic variables.
From 2003 through 2011, 247 patients (mean age, 64 ± 9.5 yr) with structural heart disease (79.3% mitral disease) and atrial fibrillation underwent a concomitant radiofrequency modified maze procedure. Patients were monitored by 24-hour Holter at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months, then annually. Eighty-four mitral-valve patients underwent regular echocardiographic follow-up. Univariate and multivariate analysis for risk factors of maze failure were identified.
The in-hospital mortality rate was 1.2%. During a median follow-up of 39.4 months, the late mortality rate was 3.6%, and pacemaker insertion was necessary in 26 patients (9.4%). Sinus rhythm was present in 63% of patients at the latest follow-up. Predictive factors for atrial fibrillation recurrence were arrhythmia duration (hazard ratio [HR]=1.296, P=0.045) and atrial fibrillation at hospital discharge (HR=2.03, P=0.019). The monopolar device favored maze success (HR=0.191, P <0.0001). Left atrial area and indexed left ventricular end-diastolic volume showed significant decrease both in sinus rhythm and atrial fibrillation patients. Early sinus rhythm conversion was associated with improved left ventricular ejection fraction.
Concomitant radiofrequency maze procedure provided remarkable outcomes. Shorter preoperative atrial fibrillation duration, monopolar device use, and prompt treatment of arrhythmia recurrences increase the midterm success rate. Early sinus rhythm restoration seems to result in better left ventricular ejection fraction recovery.
HIDROLISIS SELULOSA MENJADI GLUKOSA DENGAN KATALIS HETEROGEN ARANG AKTIF TERSULFONASI
Authors: Anggoro Didi Dwi , Purwanto Purwanto , Rispiandi Rispiandi 
Published: August 2015

CELLULOCE HYDROLYSIS TO GLUCOSE USING ACTIVE CARBON SULPHONATED HETEROGENOUS CATALYST. Enzimatic process and acid hydrolysis process are common process for conversion of cellulose to glucose. Unfornately, the two processes are expensive process and korosif process. Hence, the new process, that use sulfonaned active carbon catalyst is important to developing. The sulfonated active carbon is made from carbonated coconut sheel under temperature at 350oC. After carbonation, sulfonated active carbon soaked under sulphate acid 96% at 150oC until 15 hours. The result is then washed and dried, and tested catalyst characteristics in the form of H+ capacity, pore size catalysts by used BET surface area, functional groups by used FTIR, and morphology catalyst structure by used SEM. Catalyst performance was tested in an autoclave reactor through a hydrothermal process with difference of the catalyst amount and temperature. The results showed that the test characteristics of H+ capacity is 2.95 mmol/g, the pore size is 29 m2/gr. FTIR analyze showed that the presence of sulfonate groups read at a wavelength of vibration 1750 cm-1 and 1379 cm-1. By SEM analyze showed that the morphological structure of sulfonated active carbon is more open than other catalyst. By testing catalyst, the highest conversion of glucose is 87.2 %. Keywords: cellulose; glucose; sulfonate active carbon; thatch Abstrak Teknologi yang sudah digunakan dalam mengubah selulosa menjadi glukosa adalah dengan proses enzimatik dan hidrolisis asam. Kedua teknologi tersebut masih memiliki kendala teknis, yaitu harga enzim yang mahal, proses yang korosif dan menimbulkan limbah, sehingga diperlukan pengembangan teknologi baru salah satu diantaranya yaitu dengan metode katalis heterogen berupa karbon aktif tersulfonasi. Karbon aktif tersulfonasi ini dibuat dari tempurung kelapa yang dikarbonisasi pada temperatur 350oC, selanjutnya direndam dalam asam sulfat 96% pada temperatur 150oC selama 15 jam. Hasilnya kemudian dicuci dan dikeringkan, dilakukan uji karakteristik dan performance (kinerja ) katalis berupa kapasitas H+, ukuran pori katalis dengan BET, uji gugus fungsi dengan FTIR, dan uji struktur marfologi katalis dengan SEM. Kinerja katalis diuji dalam reaktor autoclave melalui proses hidrotermal dengan mevariasikan jumlah katalis, dan variasi temperatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan untuk uji karakteristik kapasitas H+ sebesar 2,95 mmol/gr, untuk uji BET ukuran pori 29 m2/gr , untuk uji FTIR keberadaan gugus sulfonat terbaca pada vibrasi panjang gelombang 1750 cm-1 dan 1379 cm-1 , pada uji SEM struktur morfologi katalis yang lebih terbuka pada karbon aktif setelah proses sulfonasi. Kinerja katalis konversi tertinggi selulosa menjadi glukosa mencapai 87,2% pada jumlah alang-alang 2 gr, jumlah katalis 2 gr, dan temperatur 170oC selama 8 jam. Kata kunci : selulosa; glukosa; karbon aktif tersulfonasi; alang-alang
PRODUKSI BIOHIDROGEN DARI HIDROLISAT AMPAS TAHU SECARA FERMENTASI ANAEROB MENGGUNAKAN KULTUR CAMPURAN
Authors: Husin Amir , Sarto Sarto , Syamsiah Siti , Prasetyo Imam 
Published: August 2015

Ampas tahu merupakan produk samping industri pengolahan tahu berbahan dasar kacang kedelai (Glysine max.). Dalam studi ini, ampas tahu yang telah mengalami perlakuan-awal dengan metode yang berbeda dikonversi menjadi hidrogen menggunakan kultur campuran. Pengaruh perlakuan-awal asam satu-tahap (0,5% dan 10% berat HCl) dan dua-tahap (tahap I 0,5% dan tahap II 10% berat HCl) terhadap sakarifikasi ampas tahu juga diinvestigasi. Lebih lanjut, pengaruh perlakuan awal asam satu-tahap maupun dua-tahap terhadap produksi hidrogen dan efisiensi degradasi gula tereduksi dibandingkan. Yield total gula-tereduksi 503,73 mg/g ampas tahu diperoleh dari perlakuan-awal asam dua-tahap. Nilai ini kurang lebih 4 kali lebih tinggi dibanding hasil dari perlakuan-awal asam satu-tahap menggunakan 0,5% berat HCl. Studi produksi biohidrogen dilakukan secara batch menggunakan kultur campuran dengan kondisi reaksi 35oC dan pH awal 6,5, Hasil percobaan menunjukkan, bahwa yield hidrogen kumulatif maksimum 0,928 mmol/g ampas tahu diperoleh dari perlakuan asam dua-tahap atau meningkat 1,8 kali dibanding perlakuan satu-tahap menggunakan 0,5% berat HCl. Key words : ampas tahu, perlakuan asam, produksi hidrogen Abstract Tofu solid waste is one of the by-products of tofu-processing industry. In this study, batch experiments were carried out to convert tofu solid waste pretreated by different methods into hydrogen using mixed culture. The effects of one-stage (0.5% or 10% HCl) and two-stage (first stage 0.5% HCl) and second stage 10% HCl) pretreatments on the saccharification of tofu solid waste were also studied. Furthermore, the effects of and/or two- stages acid pretreatments on hydrogen production and degradation efficiencies the reducing-sugar (RS) were compared. A maximum total RS yield of 503.73 mg/g-tofu solid waste was obtained from substrate pretreated with two-stages method. It was approximately 4-fold greater than that from substrate pretreated with one-stage method using 0.5% wt HCl. At the reaction condition of 35oC, initial pH = 6.5, and RS concentration based on 2 grams of tofu solid waste pretreated, a maximum cumulative hydrogen yield was 0.928 mmol/g-tofu solid waste from substrate pretreated with two-stages method. It was approximately 1.8-fold greater than that from substrate pretreated with one-stage method using 0.5% wt HCl. The results show that two-stage acid preteatment can enhancing the amount of reducing sugar in the mixture and hydrogen yield from tofu solid wastes.
Temperature dependence of the viscosity of epoxy acrylate-tripropylene glycol diacrylate binary mixtures
Authors: Liu Fengguo , Wang Ying , Xue Xiangxin , Yang He 
Published: August 2015

AbstractEpoxy acrylate (EA) and tripropylene glycol diacrylate (TPGDA) are two main components of ultraviolet-curable coatings. In this study, the viscosity of EA-TPGDA binary mixtures at various mass ratios was measured by a rotational viscometer at temperatures between 298.15 and 313.15 K. The temperature dependence of the viscosity of the mixtures is discussed. An empirical correlation between the viscosity and the temperature was obtained based on the Andrade equation. The results indicated that the calculated viscosity values show a good agreement with experimental data. This will contribute to the evaluation of the rheological properties and provide a theoretical basis for the industrial application of coatings.
Synthesis of new derivatives of 10H-benzo[b]pyridazino[3,4-e][1,4]thiazines
Authors: Arghiani Zahra , Seyedi Seyed Mohammad , Bakavoli Mehdi , Nikpour Mohsen 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
New 10H-benzo[b]pyridazino[3,4-e][1,4]thiazines were prepared and evaluated for inhibitory activity against soybean 15-lipoxygenase enzyme. These compounds were synthesized by the sequential treatment of 4-bromo-3,6-dichloropyridazine with 2-aminothiophenol and a secondary amine with the subsequent heterocyclization in the presence of sodium amide.
Influence Re-weighted G-Estimation
Authors: Rich Benjamin , Moodie Erica E. M. , A. Stephens David 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Individualized medicine is an area that is growing, both in clinical and statistical settings, where in the latter, personalized treatment strategies are often referred to as dynamic treatment regimens. Estimation of the optimal dynamic treatment regime has focused primarily on semi-parametric approaches, some of which are said to be doubly robust in that they give rise to consistent estimators provided at least one of two models is correctly specified. In particular, the locally efficient doubly robust g-estimation is robust to misspecification of the treatment-free outcome model so long as the propensity model is specified correctly, at the cost of an increase in variability. In this paper, we propose data-adaptive weighting schemes that serve to decrease the impact of influential points and thus stabilize the estimator. In doing so, we provide a doubly robust g-estimator that is also robust in the sense of Hampel (15).
Language conflict in Brussels: political mind-set versus linguistic practice
Authors: Janssens Rudi 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBrussels has a long history of language conflict. The traditional Dutch-French language disputes that characterized large parts of the nineteenth and the early twentieth century resulted in a specific pacification model based on the institutionalization of the language cleavage between the Flemish and the Francophones. However, due to processes of immigration and the current multilingual nature of the population this model is put under pressure. The traditional political discourse based on the identification of the population with one of the two traditional communities no longer corresponds to the reality of everyday life. Rather than being used as the prime concept of identification with one of the traditional language groups, languages are used in a much more instrumental way in today’s Brussels. This article discusses the effect of this evolution on the traditional Dutch-French language conflict associated with Belgium’s capital city.
Predicting Is Not Explaining: Targeted Learning of the Dative Alternation
Authors: Chambaz Antoine , Desagulier Guillaume 
Published: August 2015

AbstractCorpus linguists dig into large-scale collections of texts to better understand the rules governing a given language. We advocate for ambitious corpus linguistics drawing inspiration from the latest developments of semiparametrics for a modern targeted learning. Transgressing discipline-specific borders, we adapt an approach that has proven successful in biostatistics and apply it to the well-travelled case study of the dative alternation in English. A dative alternation is characterized by sentence pairs with the same verb, but different syntactic patterns, e.g. I gave a book to him (prepositional dative) and I gave him a book (double-object dative). Our aim is to explain how native speakers of English choose a pattern over another in any given context. The essence of the approach hinges on causal analysis and targeted minimum loss estimation (TMLE). Through causal analysis, we operationalize the set of scientific questions that we wish to address regarding the dative alternation. Drawing on the philosophy of TMLE, we answer these questions by targeting some versatile machine learners. We derive estimates and confidence regions for well-defined parameters that can be interpreted as the influence of each contextual variable on the outcome of the alternation (prepositional vs. double-object), all other things being equal.
Global Systemic Shift Redux: The State of the Art
Authors: Benedikter Roland , Siepmann Katja 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe multidimensional nature of globalization is a work in progress, in many different ways throughout the world. This assessment follows upon an earlier one about the so-called global systemic shift – away from linear, hierarchical, and largely Eurocentric systems of thought and action toward something new, still to be defined and understood.
Methodological Issues in Studies of Cultural Legacies in Post-Socialist Russia’s Civil Society
Authors: Leskinen Anna 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe state of civil society in post-socialist Russia and other former socialist countries is of great interest to social scientists, policy makers, and development-oriented practitioners. Numerous theoretical assumptions and methodological approaches have been used by researchers to describe, analyze, and assess the state of civil society in Russia, for example. One of the key issues addressed has been the influences on citizens’ civic and social activities and the historical conditions and cultural environments that have generated – and continue to generate – these activities. This critique focuses on the concept of “communist legacies” which has been applied at the individual level to explain people’s preferences, attitudes, and forms of behavior in Russia and other post-socialist countries. The concept is influential, in large part, because it has been supported by empirical research, especially the highly influential empirical research of Marc Howard. This paper takes a critical look at this research, including its theoretical frame and the methodology associated with the frame.