bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting Children's Prosocial and Co‐operative Behavior from Their Temperamental Profiles: A Person‐centered Approach
Authors: Laible Deborah , Carlo Gustavo , Murphy Tia , Augustine Mairin , Roesch Scott 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe goal of this study was to examine how aspects of self‐regulation and negative emotionality predicted children's co‐operative and prosocial behavior concurrently and longitudinally using the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. Mothers completed measures of children's temperamental proneness to negative emotionality and self‐regulation at 54 months. Teachers and parents completed measures of children's co‐operative and prosocial behavior at 54 months, first grade, and third grade. A latent profile analysis of the temperamental variables revealed four profiles of children: those high in regulation and low in negative emotionality, those moderate in regulation and moderate in negative emotionality, those low in regulation and high in negative emotionality, and finally those who were very low in regulation but high in anger emotionality. Generally, children with profiles that were high or moderate in terms of regulation and low or moderate in terms of negative emotionality were rated as the most prosocial and co‐operative. Children with profiles that were less well regulated and who were high in negative emotionality (particularly anger proneness) were rated as less co‐operative and prosocial by parents and teachers.
Broadening Horizons: Self‐Expansion in Relational and Non‐Relational Contexts
Authors: Mattingly Brent A. , Lewandowski Gary W. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe self‐expansion model posits that individuals are motivated to broaden their sense of self by acquiring new identities, developing new perspectives, enhancing capabilities, and gaining resources. The self‐expansion motivation is driven by individuals' desire to increase their potential self‐efficacy and ability to accomplish goals. In this article, we discuss two main ways individuals self‐expand – by forming relationships and including the other in the self and through engaging in novel activities that are challenging and/or interesting either on one's own or with a relationship partner. We provide an overview of recent research detailing the numerous interpersonal and intrapersonal benefits and implications of self‐expansion. Additionally, we differentiate self‐expansion from a series of potentially associated constructs.
Implicit Motive Profile Analysis: An If‐Then Contingency Approach to the Picture‐Story Exercise
Authors: Schultheiss Oliver C. , Schultheiss Maria 
Published: January 2014

AbstractPicture‐story exercise (PSE) measures of implicit motives provide objective, stable, and valid scores. However, PSE scores are also characterized by substantial variability from one picture to the next, resulting in low internal consistency estimates. We argue that this variability is a critical source of the PSE's validity because it reveals stable if‐then contingencies between the situational contexts represented by the picture cues and individuals' motivational responses to them. We also present the correspondence hypothesis, according to which the situational cues in the PSE are representative of specific real‐life situations and a person's imaginative‐story responses to the PSE cues therefore also reflect his or her real‐life responses to such situations. We review corroborating research and discuss the implications of the if‐then contingency approach for assessment, prediction, and for the measurement of motivational congruence.
What happens to Palestine refugees with diabetes mellitus in a primary healthcare centre in Jordan who fail to attend a quarterly clinic appointment?
Authors: Khader Ali , Ballout Ghada , Shahin Yousef , Hababeh Majed , Farajallah Loai , Zeidan Wafaa , Abu‐Zayed Ishtaiwi , Kochi Arata , Harries Anthony D. , Zachariah Rony , Kapur Anil , Shaikh Irshad , Seita Akihiro 
Published: January 2014

AbstractObjectiveIn a primary healthcare clinic in Jordan to determine: (i) treatment outcomes stratified by baseline characteristics of all patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) ever registered as of June 2012 and (ii) in those who failed to attend the clinic in the quarter (April–June 2012), the number who repeatedly did not attend in subsequent quarters up to 1 year later, again stratified by baseline characteristics.MethodA retrospective cohort study with treatment outcome data collected and analysed using e‐health and the cohort analysis approach in UNRWA Nuzha Primary Health Care Clinic for Palestine refugees, Amman, Jordan.ResultsAs of June 2012, there were 2974 patients with DM ever registered, of whom 2246 (76%) attended the clinic, 279 (9%) did not attend, 81 (3%) died, 67 (2%) were transferred out and 301 (10%) were lost to follow‐up. A higher proportion of males and patients with undetermined or poor disease control failed to attend the clinic compared with those who attended the clinic. Of the 279 patients who did not attend the clinic in quarter 2, 2012, 144 (52%) were never seen for four consecutive quarters and were therefore defined as lost to follow‐up. There were a few differences between patients who were lost to follow‐up and those who re‐attended at another visit that included some variation in age and fewer disease‐related complications amongst those who were lost to follow‐up.ConclusionThis study endorses the value of e‐health and cohort analysis for monitoring and managing patients with DM. Just over half of patients who fail to attend a scheduled quarterly appointment are declared lost to follow‐up 1 year later, and systems need to be set up to identify and contact such patients so that those who are late for their appointments can be brought back to care and those who might have died or silently transferred out can be correctly recorded.
Ammonium improves elution of fixed dried blood spots without affecting immunofluorescence assay quality
Authors: Borremans Benny 
Published: January 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo solve the problem of fixed dried blood spot elution without damaging IgG antibodies.MethodsThe minimum effective concentration of liquid ammonium (NH3) in a PBS solution, which was found to elute fixed blood, was determined. By using a dilution series, the effects of NH3 on IgG antibody quality were assessed using immunofluorescence assays.ResultsThe minimum effective concentration of 0.2% NH3 has no detectable effects on IgG quality.ConclusionAmmonium greatly improves blood elution from fixed DBS while maintaining IgG antibody quality. These results are encouraging and provide a basis for further testing of the efficacy of ammonium in different situations as well as its effect on other compounds.
Expression of green fluorescent protein in human foreskin fibroblasts for use in 2D and 3D culture models
Authors: Chao Jie , Peña Tiffany , Heimann Dean G. , Hansen Chris , Doyle David A. , Yanala Ujwal R. , Guenther Timothy M. , Carlson Mark A. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe availability of fibroblasts that express green fluorescent protein (GFP) would be of interest for the monitoring of cell growth, migration, contraction, and other processes within the fibroblast‐populated collagen matrix and other culture systems. A plasmid lentiviral vector‐GFP (pLV‐GFP) was utilized for gene delivery to produce primary human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs) that stably express GFP. Cell morphology, cell migration, and collagen contraction were compared between nontransduced HFFs and transduced GFP‐HFFs; no differences were observed. Immunocytochemical staining showed no differences in cell morphology between nontransduced and GFP‐HFFs in both two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional culture systems. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in cellular population growth within the collagen matrix populated with nontransduced vs. GFP‐HFFs. Within the limits of our assays, we conclude that transduction of GFP into HFFs did not alter the observed properties of HFFs compared with nontransduced fibroblasts. The GFP‐HFFs may represent a new tool for the convenient monitoring of living primary fibroblast processes in two‐dimensional or three‐dimensional culture.
Interstitial‐matrix edema in burns: Mechanistic insights from subatmospheric pressure treatment in vivo
Authors: McGee Maria P. , Morykwas Michael , Campbell Douglas , Hoge Kathie , Argenta Louis 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThermal injury disrupts fluid homeostasis and hydration, affecting hemodynamics and local interstitial fluid‐driving forces, leading rapidly to edema. This study explores local mechanisms in vivo, after deep partial‐thickness burns in the dermal matrix. Heat‐damaged skin was obtained from pig corpses, byproducts of unrelated burn treatment protocols approved by the Institutional Animal‐Care‐and‐Use Committee. Hydration potential and flow rates were measured by osmotic stress techniques at 4 and 37 °C, and collagen folding/unfolding was examined by differential scanning calorimetry and diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging. Kinetic and equilibrium hydration parameters differed in heat‐damaged and undamaged skin; the mean hydration potential and initial flow rates of damaged skin were negative at 37 but positive at 4 °C, in contrast to the positive mean at either temperature of explants taken from undamaged skin sites on the same animals. After subatmospheric pressure treatment (125 mmHg), parameters in damaged reversed to values similar to those of undamaged, whereas the proportion of folded collagen and unidirectional resistance to water diffusion increased. Together, results support interfacial rather than colloidosmotic fluid transfer mechanisms in burns and confirm in vivo the relevance of collagen folding/unfolding, further suggesting collagen structural transitions as potential therapeutic targets and models for engineered biomimetic materials.
CCN2 expression by fibroblasts is not required for cutaneous tissue repair
Authors: Liu Shangxi , Thompson Katherine , Leask Andrew 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe CCN family of matricellular proteins, which includes CCN2 and CCN1, is believed to have a major in vivo role in controlling tissue morphogenesis and repair. In adult skin, the proadhesive matricellular protein connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) is specifically up‐regulated in fibrosis and wound healing. In mice, CCN2 is required for dermal fibrogenesis, but whether CCN2 is required for cutaneous tissue repair is unknown. To address this question, in this report we subjected adult mice bearing a fibroblast‐specific deletion of CCN2 to the dermal punch model of cutaneous tissue repair. Loss of CCN2 did not appreciably affect the kinetics of tissue repair, collagen content, or the number of α−smooth muscle actin‐positive cells. CCN1 (cyr61), which has in vitro effect similar to CCN2, is also induced in cutaneous tissue repair. Fibroblast‐specific CCN1/CCN2 double knockout mice were also generated; loss of both CCN1 and CCN2 together did not appreciably affect cutaneous tissue repair. However, loss of CCN2 resulted in impaired recruitment of NG2‐positive pericyte‐like cells to the wound area. Collectively, these results indicate that neither CCN2 nor CCN1 is essential for cutaneous tissue repair; CCN2 appears to be required for recruitment of pericyte‐like cells and may represent a specific antifibrotic target.
Host Immune Status and Response to Hepatitis E Virus Infection
Authors: Krain Lisa J. , Nelson Kenrad E. , Labrique Alain B. 
Published: January 2014

SUMMARY
Hepatitis E virus (HEV), identified over 30 years ago, remains a serious threat to life, health, and productivity in developing countries where access to clean water is limited. Recognition that HEV also circulates as a zoonotic and food-borne pathogen in developed countries is more recent. Even without treatment, most cases of HEV-related acute viral hepatitis (with or without jaundice) resolve within 1 to 2 months. However, HEV sometimes leads to acute liver failure, chronic infection, or extrahepatic symptoms. The mechanisms of pathogenesis appear to be substantially immune mediated. This review covers the epidemiology of HEV infection worldwide, the humoral and cellular immune responses to HEV, and the persistence and protection of antibodies produced in response to both natural infection and vaccines. We focus on the contributions of altered immune states (associated with pregnancy, human immunodeficiency virus [HIV], and immunosuppressive agents used in cancer and transplant medicine) to the elevated risks of chronic infection (in immunosuppressed/immunocompromised patients) and acute liver failure and mortality (among pregnant women). We conclude by discussing outstanding questions about the immune response to HEV and interactions with hormones and comorbid conditions. These questions take on heightened importance now that a vaccine is available.
The Endemic Treponematoses
Authors: Giacani Lorenzo , Lukehart Sheila A. 
Published: January 2014

SUMMARYThe agents of human treponematoses include four closely related members of the genusTreponema: three subspecies ofTreponema pallidumplusTreponema carateum.T. pallidumsubsp.pallidumcauses venereal syphilis, whileT. pallidumsubsp.pertenue,T. pallidumsubsp.endemicum, andT. carateumare the agents of the endemic treponematoses yaws, bejel (or endemic syphilis), and pinta, respectively. All human treponematoses share remarkable similarities in pathogenesis and clinical manifestations, consistent with the high genetic and antigenic relatedness of their etiological agents. Distinctive features have been identified in terms of age of acquisition, most common mode of transmission, and capacity for invasion of the central nervous system and fetus, although the accuracy of these purported differences is debated among investigators and no biological basis for these differences has been identified to date. In 2012, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially set a goal for yaws eradication by 2020. This challenging but potentially feasible endeavor is favored by the adoption of oral azithromycin for mass treatment and the currently focused distribution of yaws and endemic treponematoses and has revived global interest in these fascinating diseases and their causative agents.
A Reevaluation of CD22 Expression in Human Lung Cancer
Authors: Pop Laurentiu M. , Barman Stephen , Shao Chunli , Poe Jonathan C. , Venturi Guglielmo M. , Shelton John M. , Pop Iliodora V. , Gerber David E. , Girard Luc , Liu Xiao-yun , Behrens Carmen , Rodriguez-Canales Jaime , Liu Hui , Wistuba Ignacio I. , Richardson James A. , Minna John D. , Tedder Thomas F. , Vitetta Ellen S. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractCD22 is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed by mature B cells. It inhibits signal transduction by the B-cell receptor and its coreceptor CD19. Recent reports indicate that most human lung cancer cells and cell lines express CD22, making it an important new therapeutic target for lung cancer. The objective of our studies was to independently validate these results with the goal of testing the efficacy of our CD22 immunotoxins on lung cancer cell lines. As determined by quantitative real-time PCR analysis, we found that levels of CD22 mRNA in a panel of human lung cancer cell lines were 200 to 60,000-fold lower than those observed in the human CD22+ Burkitt lymphoma cells, Daudi. Using flow cytometry with a panel of CD22 monoclonal antibodies and Western blot analyses, we could not detect surface or intracellular expression of CD22 protein in a panel of lung cancer cell lines. In addition, the in vitro proliferation of the lung tumor cell lines was not affected by either CD22 antibodies or our highly potent anti-CD22 immunotoxin. In contrast, CD22+ Daudi cells expressed high levels of CD22 mRNA and protein, and were sensitive to our CD22 immunotoxin. Importantly, primary non–small cell lung cancers from more than 250 patient specimens did not express detectable levels of CD22 protein as assessed by immunohistochemistry. We conclude that CD22 is not expressed at measurable levels on the surface of lung cancer cells, and that these cells cannot be killed by anti-CD22 immunotoxins. Cancer Res; 74(1); 263–71. ©2014 AACR.
Transcriptional Profiling of Melanoma Sentinel Nodes Identify Patients with Poor Outcome and Reveal an Association of CD30+ T Lymphocytes with Progression
Authors: Vallacchi Viviana , Vergani Elisabetta , Camisaschi Chiara , Deho Paola , Cabras Antonello D. , Sensi Marialuisa , De Cecco Loris , Bassani Niccolò , Ambrogi Federico , Carbone Antonino , Crippa Federica , Vergani Barbara , Frati Paola , Arienti Flavio , Patuzzo Roberto , Villa Antonello , Biganzoli Elia , Canevari Silvana , Santinami Mario , Castelli Chiara , Rivoltini Licia , Rodolfo Monica 
Published: January 2014

AbstractSentinel lymph nodes set the stance of the immune system to a localized tumor and are often the first site to be colonized by neoplastic cells that metastasize. To investigate how the presence of neoplastic cells in sentinel lymph nodes may trigger pathways associated with metastatic progression, we analyzed the transcriptional profiles of archival sentinel node biopsy specimens obtained from melanoma patients. Biopsies from positive nodes were selected for comparable tumor infiltration, presence or absence of further regional node metastases, and relapse at 5-year follow-up. Unsupervised analysis of gene expression profiles revealed immune response to be a major gene ontogeny represented. Among genes upregulated in patients with progressing disease, the TNF receptor family member CD30/TNFRSF8 was confirmed in biopsy specimens from an independent group of patients. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed higher numbers of CD30+ lymphocytes in nodes from progressing patients compared with nonprogressing patients. Phenotypic profiling demonstrated that CD30+ lymphocytes comprised a broad population of suppressive or exhausted immune cells, such as CD4+Foxp3+ or PD1+ subpopulations and CD4−CD8− T cells. CD30+ T lymphocytes were increased in peripheral blood lymphocytes of melanoma patients at advanced disease stages. Our findings reinforce the concept that sentinel nodes act as pivotal sites for determining progression patterns, revealing that the presence of CD30+ lymphocytes at those sites associate positively with melanoma progression. Cancer Res; 74(1); 130–40. ©2014 AACR.
Impact of Orbitofrontal Lesions on Electrophysiological Signals in a Stop Signal Task
Authors: Solbakk Anne-Kristin , Funderud Ingrid , Løvstad Marianne , Endestad Tor , Meling Torstein , Lindgren Magnus , Knight Robert T. , Krämer Ulrike M. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Behavioral inhibition and performance monitoring are critical cognitive functions supported by distributed neural networks including the pFC. We examined neurophysiological correlates of motor response inhibition and action monitoring in patients with focal orbitofrontal (OFC) lesions (n = 12) after resection of a primary intracranial tumor or contusion because of traumatic brain injury. Healthy participants served as controls (n = 14). Participants performed a visual stop signal task. We analyzed behavioral performance as well as event-related brain potentials and oscillations. Inhibition difficulty was adjusted individually to yield an equal amount of successful inhibitions across participants. RTs of patients and controls did not differ significantly in go trials or in failed stop trials, and no differences were observed in estimated stop signal RT. However, electrophysiological response patterns during task performance distinguished the groups. Patients with OFC lesions had enhanced P3 amplitudes to congruent condition go signals and to stop signals. In stop trials, patients had attenuated N2 and error-related negativity, but enhanced error positivity. Patients also showed enhanced and prolonged post-error beta band increases for stop errors. This effect was particularly evident in patients whose lesion extended to the subgenual cingulate cortex. In summary, although response inhibition was not impaired, the diminished stop N2 and ERN support a critical role of the OFC in action monitoring. Moreover, the increased stop P3, error positivity, and post-error beta response indicate that OFC injury affected action outcome evaluation and support the notion that the OFC is relevant for the processing of abstract reinforcers such as performing correctly in the task.
Prior Expectations Evoke Stimulus Templates in the Primary Visual Cortex
Authors: Kok Peter , Failing Michel F. , de Lange Floris P. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Sensory processing is strongly influenced by prior expectations. Valid expectations have been shown to lead to improvements in perception as well as in the quality of sensory representations in primary visual cortex. However, very little is known about the neural correlates of the expectations themselves. Previous studies have demonstrated increased activity in sensory cortex following the omission of an expected stimulus, yet it is unclear whether this increased activity constitutes a general surprise signal or rather has representational content. One intriguing possibility is that top–down expectation leads to the formation of a template of the expected stimulus in visual cortex, which can then be compared with subsequent bottom–up input. To test this hypothesis, we used fMRI to noninvasively measure neural activity patterns in early visual cortex of human participants during expected but omitted visual stimuli. Our results show that prior expectation of a specific visual stimulus evokes a feature-specific pattern of activity in the primary visual cortex (V1) similar to that evoked by the corresponding actual stimulus. These results are in line with the notion that prior expectation triggers the formation of specific stimulus templates to efficiently process expected sensory inputs.
Different Neural Networks Are Involved in Audiovisual Speech Perception Depending on the Context
Authors: Malfait Nicole , Fonlupt Pierre , Centelles Laurie , Nazarian Bruno , Brown Liana E. , Caclin Anne 
Published: January 2014

AbstractHow are we able to easily and accurately recognize speech sounds despite the lack of acoustic invariance? One proposed solution is the existence of a neural representation of speech syllable perception that transcends its sensory properties. In the present fMRI study, we used two different audiovisual speech contexts both intended to identify brain areas whose levels of activation would be conditioned by the speech percept independent from its sensory source information. We exploited McGurk audiovisual fusion to obtain short oddball sequences of syllables that were either (a) acoustically different but perceived as similar or (b) acoustically identical but perceived as different. We reasoned that, if there is a single network of brain areas representing abstract speech perception, this network would show a reduction of activity when presented with syllables that are acoustically different but perceived as similar and an increase in activity when presented with syllables that are acoustically similar but perceived as distinct. Consistent with the long-standing idea that speech production areas may be involved in speech perception, we found that frontal areas were part of the neural network that showed reduced activity for sequences of perceptually similar syllables. Another network was revealed, however, when focusing on areas that exhibited increased activity for perceptually different but acoustically identical syllables. This alternative network included auditory areas but no left frontal activations. In addition, our findings point to the importance of subcortical structures much less often considered when addressing issues pertaining to perceptual representations.