bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Holocene geologic slip rate for the Banning strand of the southern San Andreas Fault, southern California
Authors: Gold Peter O. , Behr Whitney M. , Rood Dylan , Sharp Warren D. , Rockwell Thomas K. , Kendrick Katherine , Salin Aaron 
Published: July 2015

AbstractNorthwest directed slip from the southern San Andreas Fault is transferred to the Mission Creek, Banning, and Garnet Hill fault strands in the northwestern Coachella Valley. How slip is partitioned between these three faults is critical to southern California seismic hazard estimates but is poorly understood. In this paper, we report the first slip rate measured for the Banning fault strand. We constrain the depositional age of an alluvial fan offset 25 ± 5 m from its source by the Banning strand to between 5.1 ± 0.4 ka (95% confidence interval (CI)) and 6.4 + 3.7/−2.1 ka (95% CI) using U‐series dating of pedogenic carbonate clast coatings and 10Be cosmogenic nuclide exposure dating of surface clasts. We calculate a Holocene geologic slip rate for the Banning strand of 3.9 + 2.3/−1.6 mm/yr (median, 95% CI) to 4.9 + 1.0/−0.9 mm/yr (median, 95% CI). This rate represents only 25–35% of the total slip accommodated by this section of the southern San Andreas Fault, suggesting a model in which slip is less concentrated on the Banning strand than previously thought. In rejecting the possibility that the Banning strand is the dominant structure, our results highlight an even greater need for slip rate and paleoseismic measurements along faults in the northwestern Coachella Valley in order to test the validity of current earthquake hazard models. In addition, our comparison of ages measured with U‐series and 10Be exposure dating demonstrates the importance of using multiple geochronometers when estimating the depositional age of alluvial landforms.
Diurnal to annual changes in latent, sensible heat, and CO2 fluxes over a Laurentian Great Lake: A case study in Western Lake Erie
Authors: Shao Changliang , Chen Jiquan , Stepien Carol A. , Chu Housen , Ouyang Zutao , Bridgeman Thomas B. , Czajkowski Kevin P. , Becker Richard H. , John Ranjeet 
Published: July 2015

AbstractTo understand the carbon and energy exchange between the lake surface and the atmosphere, direct measurements of latent, sensible heat, and CO2 fluxes were taken using the eddy covariance (EC) technique in Western Lake Erie during October 2011 to September 2013. We found that the latent heat flux (LE) had a marked one‐peak seasonal change in both years that differed from the diurnal course and lacked a sinusoidal dynamic common in terrestrial ecosystems. Daily mean LE was 4.8 ± 0.1 and 4.3 ± 0.2 MJ m−2 d−1 in Year 1 and Year 2, respectively. The sensible heat flux (H) remained much lower than the LE, with a daily mean of 0.9 ± 0.1 and 1.1 ± 0.1 MJ m−2 d−1 in Year 1 and Year 2, respectively. As a result, the Bowen ratio was <1 during most of the 2 year period, with the lowest summer value at 0.14. The vapor pressure deficit explained 35% of the variation in half hourly LE, while the temperature difference between the water surface and air explained 65% of the variation in half hourly H. Western Lake Erie acted as a small carbon sink holding −19.0 ± 5.4 and −40.2 ± 13.3 g C m−2 in the first and second summers (May–September) but as an annual source of 77.7 ± 18.6 and 49.5 ± 17.9 g C m−2 yr−1 in Year 1 and Year 2, respectively. The CO2 flux (
) rate varied from −0.45 g C m−2 d−1 to 0.98 g C m−2 d−1. Similar to LE,
had noticeable diurnal changes during the months that had high chlorophyll a months but not during other months. A significantly negative correlation (P < 0.05) was found between
and chlorophyll a on monthly fluxes. Three gap‐filling methods, including marginal distribution sampling, mean diurnal variation, and monthly mean, were quantitatively assessed, yielding an uncertainty of 4%, 6%, and 10% in LE, H, and
, respectively.
Computationally inexpensive identification of noninformative model parameters by sequential screening
Authors: Cuntz Matthias , Mai Juliane , Zink Matthias , Thober Stephan , Kumar Rohini , Schäfer David , Schrön Martin , Craven John , Rakovec Oldrich , Spieler Diana , Prykhodko Vladyslav , Dalmasso Giovanni , Musuuza Jude , Langenberg Ben , Attinger Sabine , Samaniego Luis 
Published: July 2015

AbstractEnvironmental models tend to require increasing computational time and resources as physical process descriptions are improved or new descriptions are incorporated. Many‐query applications such as sensitivity analysis or model calibration usually require a large number of model evaluations leading to high computational demand. This often limits the feasibility of rigorous analyses. Here we present a fully automated sequential screening method that selects only informative parameters for a given model output. The method requires a number of model evaluations that is approximately 10 times the number of model parameters. It was tested using the mesoscale hydrologic model mHM in three hydrologically unique European river catchments. It identified around 20 informative parameters out of 52, with different informative parameters in each catchment. The screening method was evaluated with subsequent analyses using all 52 as well as only the informative parameters. Subsequent Sobol's global sensitivity analysis led to almost identical results yet required 40% fewer model evaluations after screening. mHM was calibrated with all and with only informative parameters in the three catchments. Model performances for daily discharge were equally high in both cases with Nash‐Sutcliffe efficiencies above 0.82. Calibration using only the informative parameters needed just one third of the number of model evaluations. The universality of the sequential screening method was demonstrated using several general test functions from the literature. We therefore recommend the use of the computationally inexpensive sequential screening method prior to rigorous analyses on complex environmental models.
Complexity and organization in hydrology: A personal view
Authors: Bras Rafael L. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe hydrologic cycle is an exquisitely coordinated and balanced interaction between the atmosphere, the ocean, and the land that controls, among other things, the planet's temperature by moving large quantities of matter and energy. The system is incredibly complex with a myriad of positive and negative feedbacks acting at a variety of scales. Much of what we experience in our natural and altered environments results from these complex interactions. Surprisingly (or maybe not) this complexity many times results in beautifully organized expressions of the hydrologic state that are commonly amenable to fairly simple explanations. This paper illustrates hydrologic complexity and organization in the context of the author's and collaborator's work during the past decades, a lot published in Water Resources Research. Topics include the impact of soil moisture on the atmosphere and vice versa, the impact of deforestation on the Amazon cloud climate and precipitation, the estimation of surface energy and mass fluxes, the self‐organization of landscapes and river basins over very long time periods, and the roles of vegetation on landscape evolution.
Organokatalytische Glycosylierung durch elektronenarme Pyridiniumsalze
Authors: Das Somnath , Pekel Daniel , Neudörfl Jörg‐M. , Berkessel Albrecht 
Published: July 2015

AbstractEs wird eine neuartige organokatalytische Glycosylierung mittels elektronenarmer Pyridiniumsalze vorgestellt. 2‐Deoxyglucoside konnten bei Raumtemperatur und geringen Katalysatormengen (bis zu 1 Mol‐%) aus benzyl‐ und silylgeschützten Glycalen und primären oder sekundären Glycosylakzeptoren mit hohen Ausbeuten und Anomerenverhältnissen erhalten werden. 1,2‐Alkohol‐Pyridinium‐Addukte fungieren vermutlich als Schlüsselintermediate des Katalysezyklus.
Methoxydiphenylamin‐substituiertes Carbazol‐Zwillingsderivat: ein effizienter organischer Lochleiter für Perowskit‐Solarzellen
Authors: Gratia Paul , Magomedov Artiom , Malinauskas Tadas , Daskeviciene Maryte , Abate Antonio , Ahmad Shahzada , Grätzel Michael , Getautis Vytautas , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWir präsentieren einen neuen organischen Lochleiter basierend auf der Struktur von Methoxydiphenylamin‐substituiertem Carbazol, der sehr gute Wirkungsgrade (bis zu 16.91 %) in CH3NH3PbI3‐Perowskitsolarzellen aufweist. Für ein kleines Molekül ist dies, gleich nach dem gängigen Lochleiter Spiro‐OMETAD, der bisher höchste gemessene Wirkungsgrad. Anders als bei Spiro‐OMETAD ist die Synthese dieses Lochleiters (V886) unkompliziert, weil zweistufig und aufbauend auf relativ billigen kommerziell verfügbaren Edukten. Das Molekül wurde durch verschiedene elektrooptische Messungen (UV/Vis, IV, Dünnschicht‐Leitfähigkeit, Lochbeweglichkeit, DSC, TGA und Ionisierungspotential) charakterisiert.
A Stable Organic π‐Radical of a Zinc(II)–Copper(I)–Zinc(II) Complex of Decaphyrin
Authors: Tanaka Yasuo , Yoneda Tomoki , Furukawa Ko , Koide Taro , Mori Hirotaka , Tanaka Takayuki , Shinokubo Hiroshi , Osuka Atsuhiro 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA ZnII‐CuI‐ZnII heterotrimetal complex of decaphyrin was synthesized by stepwise metalations: metalation of a [46]decaphyrin with ZnII ions to produce a 46π decaphyrin bis(ZnII) complex and its subsequent metalation with CuII ion. In the second metalation step, it has been shown that CuII ion is reduced to a CuI ion in the complex and a dianionic bis(ZnII) containing [46]decaphyrin ligand is oxidized to the corresponding monoanionic [45]decaphyrin ligand, indicating a non‐innocent nature of the decaphyrin ligand. Despite the radical nature, the heterotrimetal complex is fairly stable under ambient conditions and exhibits almost no intermolecular magnetic interaction, owing to extensive delocalization of an unpaired electron in the large π‐conjugated circuit of decaphyrin moiety.
Investigations on the polyimides derived from unfunctionalized symmetric cyclopentyl‐containing alicyclic cardo‐type dianhydride
Authors: Li Fu , Wan Wenjun , Lai Jiancheng , Liu Feng , Qi Haixia , Li Xiaosong , You Xiaozeng 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThis study presents an investigation on polyimides derived from a unfunctionalized symmetric cyclopentyl‐containing alicyclic cardo‐type dianhydride with ester linkage 1,1‐bis(4‐(3,4‐dicarboxylbenzoyloxy)phenyl)cyclopentylene dianhydride (BDPCP) that was readily accessed starting from cyclopentanone through two steps in high yield. Two series of polyimides, Cardo‐type series (CPI‐x) and analogous aromatic series (ArPI‐x) were prepared from condensation of BDPCP and aromatic 3,3′,4,4′‐Oxydiphthalic dianhydride with four aromatic diamines, respectively. Comparative studies revealed that CPI polymers show more favorable properties including better solubility in organic solvents, higher transparency with lower cut‐off wavelength (λ0) ranging in 395–375 nm than 425–405 nm, lower water absorption ranging in 0.66–1.14% and surface energy 23.71–32.77 mN/m than 1.01–1.28% and 29.52–41.99 mN/m of ArPI analogs. Meanwhile, CPI series exhibit considerable mechanical properties with tensile strengths ranging in 87.6–102.9 MPa, elongations at break 6.6–8.9%. Owing to the moderate strain in cyclopentyl ring, CPI series retain good thermal properties with the glass transition temperature (Tg) in the range of 217–271°C. Dynamic dielectric measurement revealed that Cardo‐type dianhydride BDPCP endows CPI‐4 film with lower dielectric constant (ε′) 3.34 at 1 MHz and 25°C and dielectric loss (ε′′) 0.0064 at 1 kHz and 25°C than 3.49 and 0.013 for ArPI‐4 film. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42670.
Association of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus With Decreased Immunosuppressive Potential of the IgG Glycome
Authors: Vučković Frano , Krištić Jasminka , Gudelj Ivan , Teruel Maria , Keser Toma , Pezer Marija , Pučić‐Baković Maja , Štambuk Jerko , Trbojević‐Akmačić Irena , Barrios Clara , Pavić Tamara , Menni Cristina , Wang Youxin , Zhou Yong , Cui Liufu , Song Haicheng , Zeng Qiang , Guo Xiuhua , Pons‐Estel Bernardo A. , McKeigue Paul , Leslie Patrick Alan , Gornik Olga , Spector Tim D. , Harjaček Miroslav , Alarcon‐Riquelme Marta , Molokhia Mariam , Wang Wei , Lauc Gordan 
Published: July 2015

ObjectiveGlycans attached to the Fc portion of IgG are important modulators of IgG effector functions. Interindividual differences in IgG glycome composition are large and they associate strongly with different inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.IKZF1,HLA–DQ2A/B, andBACH2genetic loci that affect IgG glycome composition show pleiotropy with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), indicating a potentially causative role of aberrant IgG glycosylation in SLE. We undertook this large multicenter case–control study to determine whether SLE is associated with altered IgG glycosylation.MethodsUsing ultra‐performance liquid chromatography analysis of released glycans, we analyzed the composition of the IgG glycome in 261 SLE patients and 247 matched controls of Latin American Mestizo origin (the discovery cohort) and in 2 independent replication cohorts of different ethnicity (108 SLE patients and 193 controls from Trinidad, and 106 SLE patients and 105 controls from China).ResultsMultiple statistically significant differences in IgG glycome composition were observed between patients and controls. The most significant changes included decreased galactosylation and sialylation of IgG (which regulate proinflammatory and antiinflammatory actions of IgG) as well as decreased core fucose and increased bisectingN‐acetylglucosamine (which affect antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity).ConclusionThe IgG glycome in SLE patients is significantly altered in a way that decreases immunosuppressive action of circulating immunoglobulins. The magnitude of observed changes is associated with the intensity of the disease, indicating that aberrant IgG glycome composition or changes in IgG glycosylation may be an important molecular mechanism in SLE.
Systematic evaluation of matrix effect and cross‐talk‐free method for simultaneous determination of zolmitriptan and N‐desmethyl zolmitriptan in human plasma: a sensitive LC‐MS/MS method validation and its application to a clinical pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Patel Bhargav , Suhagia B. N. , Jangid Arvind G. , Mistri Hiren N. , Desai Nirmal 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe objective of the present work was to carry out systematic evaluation to eliminate matrix effect owing to plasma phospholipids as observed during sample preparation and to develop a cross‐talk‐free sensitive, selective and rapid bioanalytical method for the simultaneous determination of zolmitriptan (ZT) and N‐desmethyl zolmitriptan (DZT) in human plasma by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry using naratriptan as internal standard (IS). The analytes and IS were quantitatively extracted from 200 μL human plasma by solid phase extraction. No cross‐talk was found between ZT and DZT having identical product ions. Quantitation was performed on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer employing electrospray ionization technique, operating in multiple reaction monitoring and positive ion mode. The total chromatographic run time was 2.5 min. The method was fully validated for sensitivity, selectivity, specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, recovery, matrix effect, dilution integrity and stability studies. The method was validated over a dynamic concentration range of 0.1–15 ng/mL for ZT and DZT. The method was successfully applied to a bioequivalence study of 2.5 mg ZT tablet formulation in 18 healthy Indian male subjects under fasting conditions. Assay reproducibility was assessed by reanalysis of 62 incurred samples. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of Heronamide Biosynthesis Reveals a Tailoring Hydroxylase and Indicates Migrated Double Bonds
Authors: Zhu Yiguang , Zhang Wenjun , Chen Yaolong , Yuan Chengshan , Zhang Haibo , Zhang Guangtao , Ma Liang , Zhang Qingbo , Tian Xinpeng , Zhang Si , Zhang Changsheng 
Published: July 2015

AbstractHeronamides belong to a growing family of β‐amino acid polyketide macrolactams (βPMs) with an unsaturated side chain. The biosynthetic gene cluster for heronamide F was identified from the deep‐sea‐derived Streptomyces sp. SCSIO 03032. The involvement of the gene cluster in heronamide biosynthesis was confirmed by the functional characterization of the P450 enzyme HerO as an 8‐hydroxylase for tailoring heronamide biosynthesis. The presence of migrated double bonds in the conjugated diene‐containing side chain of heronamides was confirmed by feeding experiments with labeled small carboxylic acid molecules. This study is the first demonstration of migrated double bonds in βPMs with an unsaturated side chain.
Electrocatalytic Interface Based on Novel Carbon Nanomaterials for Advanced Electrochemical Sensors
Authors: Zhou Ming , Guo Shaojun 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe rapid development of nanoscience and nanotechnology provides new opportunities for the sustainable progress of nanoscale catalysts (i.e., nanocatalysts). The introduction of nanocatalysts into electronic devices implants their novel functions into electronic sensing systems, resulting in the testing of many advanced electrochemical sensors and the fabrication of some highly sensitive, selective, and stable sensing platforms. In this Review, we will summarize recent significant progress on exploring advanced carbon nanomaterials (such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, highly ordered mesoporous carbons, and electron cyclotron resonance sputtered nanocarbon film) as nanoscale electrocatalysts (i.e., nanoelectrocatalysts) for constructing the catalytic nanointerfaces of electronic devices to achieve high‐sensitivity and high‐selectivity electrochemical sensors. Furthermore, different mechanisms for the extraordinary and unique electrocatalytic activities of these carbon nanomaterials will be also highlighted, compared and discussed. An outlook on the future trends and developments in this area will be provided at the end. Notably, to elaborate the nature of carbon nanomaterial, we will mainly focus on the electrocatalysis of single kind of carbon materials rather than their hybrid composite materials. We expect that advanced carbon nanomaterials with unique electrocatalytic activities will continue to attract increasing research interest and lead to new opportunities in various fields of research.
A modified fuzzy C‐means algorithm using scale control spatial information for MRI image segmentation in the presence of noise
Authors: Sing Jamuna Kanta , Adhikari Sudip Kumar , Basu Dipak Kumar 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe fuzzy C‐means (FCM) algorithm does not fully utilize the spatial information for image segmentation and is sensitive to the presence of noise and intensity inhomogeneity in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images. The underlying reason is that using a single fuzzy membership function the FCM algorithm cannot properly represent pattern associations to all clusters. In this paper, we present a modified FCM (mFCM) algorithm by incorporating scale control spatial information for segmentation of MRI images in the presence of high levels of noise and intensity inhomogeneity. The algorithm utilizes scale controlled spatial information from the neighbourhood of each pixel under consideration in the form of a probability function. Using this probability function, a local membership function is introduced for each pixel. Finally, new clustering centre and weighted joint membership functions are introduced based on the local membership and global membership functions. The resulting mFCM algorithm is robust to the noise and intensity inhomogeneity in MRI image data and thereby improves the segmentation results. The experimental results on a synthetic image, four volumes of simulated and one volume of real‐patient MRI brain images show that the mFCM algorithm outperforms k‐means, FCM and some other recently proposed FCM‐based algorithms for image segmentation in terms of qualitative and quantitative studies such as cluster validity functions, segmentation accuracy and tissue segmentation accuracy. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
NMR Signal Enhancement by Effective SABRE Labeling of Oligopeptides
Authors: Ratajczyk Tomasz , Gutmann Torsten , Bernatowicz Piotr , Buntkowsky Gerd , Frydel Jaroslaw , Fedorczyk Bartlomiej 
Published: July 2015

AbstractSignal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) can enhance nuclear magnetic resonance signals by several orders of magnitude. However, until now this was limited to a small number of model target molecules. Here, a new convenient method for SABRE activation applicable to a variety of synthetic model oligopeptides is demonstrated. For the first time, a highly SABRE‐active pyridine‐based biocompatible molecular framework is incorporated into synthetic oligopeptides. The SABRE activity is preserved, demonstrating the importance of such earmarking. Finally, a crucial exchange process responsible for SABRE activity is identified and discussed.
Enhanced Charge Transport in Tantalum Nitride Nanotube Photoanodes for Solar Water Splitting
Authors: Wang Lei , Nguyen Nhat Truong , Zhou Xuemei , Hwang Imgon , Killian Manuela S. , Schmuki Patrik 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn the present work we grow anodic self‐organized Ta2O5 nanotube layers, which are converted by ammonolysis to Ta3N5 nanotubes, and then are used as photoanodes for photoanalytic water splitting. We introduce a two‐step anodization process that not only improves order (reduced growth defects) and overall light absorption in the nanotube layers, but also provides a significantly reduced interface charge resistance at the nitride/metal interface due to subnitride (TaNx) formation. As a result, such nanotube anodes afford a 15‐fold increase of the photocurrent compared with conventional nanotubular Ta3N5 electrodes under AM 1.5 G simulated sunlight (100 mW cm−2) conditions.
Studies on the Reaction of Reduced Vitamin B12 Derivatives with the Nitrosyl ­Hydride (HNO) Donor Angeli's Salt: HNO Oxidizes the Transition‐Metal Center of Cob(I)alamin
Authors: Subedi Harishchandra , Brasch Nicola E. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAlthough it is well established that nitrosyl hydride (nitroxyl, HNO) reduces transition metals including transition‐metal centers of porphyrins and metalloproteins, oxidation of a metal center by HNO has yet to be reported. Kinetic and mechanistic studies on the CoII vitamin B12 form, cob(II)alamin [Cbl(II)], with the widely used HNO donor Angeli's salt (AS) have been carried out. The stoichiometry of the reaction is Cbl(II)/AS = 1:2, and AS decomposition to give HNO and nitrite is the rate‐determining step. Separate studies on the reaction between cob(I)alamin [Cbl(I)–] and AS and experiments in the presence of excess nitrite or the efficient cob(III)alamin trapping agent cyanide support a mechanism in which HNO reduces Cbl(II) to Cbl(I)–, being itself oxidized to NO·. A second molecule of HNO then oxidizes Cbl(I)– back to Cbl(II), which reacts rapidly with NO· to form nitroxylcobalamin [nitrosylcobalamin, NO––Cbl(III), NOCbl].
Divergent and Concise Syntheses of Spiroisoxazolines: First Total Synthesis of 11‐Deoxyfistularin‐3
Authors: Das Prasanta , Hamme II Ashton T. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA divergent and concise base‐promoted Dieckmann‐type keto‐ester condensation strategy is demonstrated to generate two unique spiro[cyclohexadiene‐isoxazoline] moieties. The consecutive di‐bromination–elimination–bromination of the corresponding spiro moiety has been successfully utilized to furnish the desired core structure of many bromotyrosine derived spiroisoxazoline natural products. The spiroisoxazoline acid was further coupled with the desired diamine to accomplish the first total synthesis of 11‐deoxyfistularin‐3. This strategy could serve as an efficient alternative to previously developed oxidative dearomatizing spirocyclization of phenol as the essential step to synthesize this class of natural products.