bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective Delivery of PEGylated Compounds to Tumor Cells by Anti-PEG Hybrid Antibodies
Authors: Tung Hsin-Yi , Su Yu-Cheng , Chen Bing-Mae , Burnouf Pierre-Alain , Huang Wei-Chiao , Chuang Kuo-Hsiang , Yan Yu-Ting , Cheng Tian-Lu , Roffler Steve R. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is attached to many peptides, proteins, liposomes, and nanoparticles to reduce their immunogenicity and improve their pharmacokinetic and therapeutic properties. Here, we describe hybrid antibodies that can selectively deliver PEGylated medicines, imaging agents, or nanomedicines to target cells. Human IgG1 hybrid antibodies αPEG:αHER2 and αPEG:αCD19 were shown by ELISA, FACS, and plasmon resonance to bind to both PEG and HER2 receptors on SK-BR-3 breast adenocarcinoma and BT-474 breast ductal carcinoma cells or CD19 receptors on Ramos and Raji Burkitt's lymphoma cells. In addition, αPEG:αHER2 specifically targeted PEGylated proteins, liposomes, and nanoparticles to SK-BR-3 cells that overexpressed HER2, but not to HER2-negative MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma cells. Endocytosis of PEGylated nanoparticles into SK-BR-3 cells was induced specifically by the αPEG:αHER2 hybrid antibody, as observed by confocal imaging of the accumulation of Qdots inside SK-BR-3 cells. Treatment of HER2+ SK-BR-3 and BT-474 cancer cells with αPEG:αHER2 and the clinically used chemotherapeutic agent PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin for 3 hours enhanced the in vitro effectiveness of PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin by over two orders of magnitude. Hybrid anti-PEG antibodies offer a versatile and simple method to deliver PEGylated compounds to cellular locations and can potentially enhance the therapeutic efficacy of PEGylated medicines. Mol Cancer Ther; 14(6); 1317–26. ©2015 AACR.
Probabilistic Seasonal Prediction of Meteorological Drought Using the Bootstrap and Multivariate Information
Authors: Behrangi Ali , Nguyen Hai , Granger Stephanie 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn the present work, a probabilistic ensemble method using the bootstrap is developed to predict the future state of the standard precipitation index (SPI) commonly used for drought monitoring. The methodology is data driven and has the advantage of being easily extended to use more than one variable as predictors. Using 110 years of monthly observations of precipitaton, surface air temperature, and the Niño-3.4 index, the method was employed to assess the impact of the different variables in enhancing the prediction skill. A predictive probability density function (PDF) is produced for future 6-month SPI, and a log-likelihood skill score is used to cross compare various combination scenarios using the entire predictive PDF and with reference to the observed values set aside for validation. The results suggest that the multivariate prediction using complementary information from 3- and 6-month SPI and initial surface air temperature significantly improves seasonal prediction skills for capturing drought severity and delineation of drought areas based on observed 6-month SPI. The improvement is observed across all seasons and regions over the continental United States relative to other prediction scenarios that ignore the surface air temperature information.
Atmospheric Wet Deposition in Remote Regions: Benchmarks for Environmental Change
Authors: Keene William C. , Galloway James N. , Likens Gene E. , Deviney Frank A. , Mikkelsen Kerri N. , Moody Jennie L. , Maben John R. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Precipitation composition was characterized at 14 remote sites between 65°N and 51°S. Anthropogenic sources contributed to non-sea-salt (nss) SO42−, NO3−, and NH4+ in North Atlantic precipitation. Biogenic sources accounted for 0.4–3.3 μeq L−1 of volume-weighted-average (VWA) nss SO42− in marine precipitation. SO42− at the continental sites (2.9–7.7 μeq L−1) was generally higher. VWA NO3− (0.5–1.3 μeq L−1) and NH4+ (0.5–2.6 μeq L−1) at marine-influenced, Southern Hemispheric sites were generally less than those at continental sites (1.4–4.8 μeq L−1 and 2.3–4.2 μeq L−1, respectively). VWA pH ranged from 4.69 to 5.25. Excluding the North Atlantic, nss SO42−, NO3−, and NH4+ wet depositions were factors of 4–47, 5–61, and 3–39, respectively, less than those in the eastern United States during 2002–04. HCOOHt (HCOOHaq + HCOO−) and CH3COOHt (CH3COOHaq + CH3COO−) concentrations and depositions at marine sites overlapped, implying spatially similar source strengths from marine-derived precursors. Greater variability at continental sites suggests heterogeneity in terrestrial source strengths. Seasonality in deposition was driven by variability in precipitation amount, wind velocity, transport, and emissions. Between 1980 and 2009, nss SO42− at Bermuda decreased by 85% in response to decreasing U.S. SO2 emissions; trends in NO3− and NH4+ were inconsequential. Corresponding decreases in acidity, as reflected in the significant 30% decline in VWA H+, impacted pH-dependent chemical processes. Comparisons between measurements and models indicate that current predictive capabilities are uncertain by factors of 2 or more.
The Diurnal Cycle of Precipitation in Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Bowman Kenneth P. , Fowler Megan D. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Position and intensity data from the International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS) are combined with global, gridded precipitation estimates from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) for the period 1998–2013 to study the diurnal cycle of precipitation in tropical cyclones. The comprehensive global coverage and large sample size afforded by the two datasets allow robust statistical analysis of storm-averaged diurnal variations and permit stratification of the data in various ways. There is a clearly detectable diurnal variation of precipitation in tropical cyclones with peak rainfall occurring near 0600 local time. For storms of all intensities the amplitude of the diurnal harmonic, which dominates the diurnal cycle, is approximately 7% of the mean rain rate. This corresponds to a peak-to-peak variation of about 15% over the course of the day. The diurnal cycle is similar in all ocean basins. There is evidence that the amplitude of the diurnal cycle increases with increasing storm intensity, but the results are not statistically significant. The results have implications for hurricane forecasting and for a greater understanding of the processes that regulate oceanic convection.
Prevalence of abuse in mentally ill patients visiting outpatient setting in a tertiary care hospital in India
Authors: Bhatia Manjeet Singh , Srivastava Shruti , Khyati Meghashyam , Kaushik Rohit 
Published: April 2015

Aim In a developing country such as India, the abuse of patients suffering from psychiatric disorders has been underreported. The aim of this study was to detect abuse in chronically ill psychiatric patients visiting a psychiatric outpatient setting in a tertiary care hospital in Delhi, India. Material and Methods A cross-sectional descriptive written survey was carried out on 406 patients. A self-administered questionnaire for patient abuse was developed in Hindi based on the World Health Organization’s Domestic Violence Questionnaire that encompassed questions regarding physical, emotional and sexual abuse. Results Of the 406 patients, 294 (72%) suffered from abuse, with 64% experiencing emotional abuse, 39% physical abuse and 21% sexual abuse. In chronically ill psychiatric patients, a significant association was found between education and abuse, with most abuse occurring among senior secondary pass outs (i.e. 11–12 years of education) and least among junior high school pass outs (6–8 years of education). A majority (74%) of these patients lived in urban areas (p = .020). A significant association was also found between abuse and the psychiatric diagnosis of the patient, with 53% suffering from depression, 66% anxiety disorder, 81% bipolar disorder, 94% psychotic disorder, 86% obsessive compulsive disorder, 44% sexual disorder and 12% other psychiatric disorders. Conclusions There is a need to create awareness in society in order to prevent abuse. Screening for abuse in routine psychiatric practice is of utmost importance so that timely interventions can be given, thereby preventing its deleterious health consequences.
Limbic pathway lesions in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Sahin Neslin , Selouan Roger , Markowitz Clyde E , Melhem Elias R , Bilello Michel 
Published: April 2015

Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a well-known demyelinating disease to cause cognitive dysfunction. The limbic system, relevant to memory, can be easily overlooked in conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Purpose To investigate the distribution and frequency of demyelinating lesions affecting white matter connections of the limbic system based on localization with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)-derived fractional anisotropy (FA) color maps compared to three-dimensional T2-weighted (T2W) and FLAIR volumes in MS patients. Material and Methods One hundred and fifty patients with a known diagnosis of MS were identified for this Health Insurance Portability and Accountability (HIPAA)-compliant retrospective cross-sectional study. DTI-derived FA color maps, co-registered to T2W and FLAIR images, were analyzed for lesions affecting the three white matter tracts of the limbic system including cingulum, fornix, and mammilothalamic tracts by two investigators. The approximate location of the lesions on FLAIR was always confirmed on the co-registered DTI-derived FA color maps. Results Of the 150 patients analyzed, 14.6% had cingulum lesions, 2.6% had fornix lesions, and 2.6% had mammilothalamic tract lesions; 21.3% of patients had at least one of the three tracts affected. Conclusion A relatively high frequency of lesions involving the limbic tracts may explain memory deficits and emotional dysfunction commonly experienced by patients with MS. The combined information from T2W, FLAIR, and DTI-derived FA color map allowed for more accurate localization of lesions affecting the major white matter tracts of the limbic system.
Measurement of Technological Change in India’s Textile Machinery Industry Using the Malmquist Productivity Index
Authors: Malik Sanjaya Kumar 
Published: April 2015

This article measures technological change in India’s textile machinery industry, and examines how user–producer interaction affects this. Employing the non-parametric Malmquist productivity index, we find there has been little technological change in the textile machinery industry from 1998–99 through 2007–08. It is proposed that poor and unsustainable demand and the shrinking share of domestic demand for textile machinery owing to the technological upgradation fund scheme—meant for providing interest reimbursements or capital subsidies to textile manufacturers—may have weakened the user–producer interactions, thereby bringing down innovative activities and innovations in the textile machinery industry in India. JEL Classification: O14, O33, C14
“Dear Fresher …” – How Online Questionnaires can Improve Learning and Teaching Statistics
Authors: Bebermeier Sarah , Nussbeck Fridtjof W. , Ontrup Greta 
Published: April 2015

Lecturers teaching statistics are faced with several challenges supporting students’ learning in appropriate ways. A variety of methods and tools exist to facilitate students’ learning on statistics courses. The online questionnaires presented in this report are a new, slightly different computer-based tool: the central aim was to support students to master the course content and to provide the lecturer with continuous feedback about the students’ difficulties and deficits. The aims of online questionnaires supporting teaching and learning of statistics are compared to aims of other computer-based and non-computerized methods and tools. Additionally, data from a first evaluation of the questionnaires is presented. In a first year psychology student’s statistics course (bachelor program), students were offered the possibility of filling in an online questionnaire every time a specific theme had been taught. Out of the 126 first year students there were 28 who answered the online questionnaires regularly and 12 answered them sometimes. Those who answered the online questionnaires assessed them as helpful for their understanding of the course’s content. The lecturer judged the online questionnaires as particular helpful for improving teaching and assessing performance deficits.
Lack of Genetic Association Between TREM2 and Alzheimer’s Disease in East Asian Population
Authors: Huang Man , Wang Dejun , Xu Zhijun , Xu Yongshan , Xu Xiaoping , Ma Yuefeng , Xia Zheng 
Published: April 2015

Purpose: Large-scale genome-wide association studies have identified TREM2 variants to be significantly associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in caucasian population. The goal of this systematic study and meta-analysis was to assess the association between Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 ( TREM2) variants and AD in East Asian population. Methods: In this study, literatures were searched in PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane library to screen citations from January 1990 to June 2014. Data analysis was done by using the Stata 12 software. Results: Twelve studies were considered for analysis. A total of 13 535 patients with AD and 22 976 healthy controls were studied. The results showed that rs75932628 variant was significantly associated with AD in caucasian population ( P < .001, odds ratio = 3.17, 95% confidence interval 2.45-4.09). However, the association was not found in East Asian population. Conclusion: In our study, we found that TREM2 variant is likely not associated with AD in East Asian population.
Digital curation: Learning and legacy in later life
Authors: Manchester Helen , Facer Keri 
Published: April 2015

The world population is ageing. In the UK alone, it is projected that by 2035 those aged 65 and over will account for 23 per cent of the total population whilst the number of people aged 85 and over will account for 5 per cent of the total population. At the same time, the digital transformations of the last few decades are leaving behind many older adults who, for reasons ranging from accessibility issues to work biographies to personal preference, are less likely to engage with digital technologies. Research undertaken in this area to date has largely been policy led and concerned with providing hardware access and basic skills (e.g. Race Online in the UK). In this article we are concerned with the powerful capacities of digital technologies for communication, archiving, and self-representation, which are under-used by this group, meaning that their cultural histories and experiences are often less visible in the digital world ( Loe, 2013 ; Potter, 2013 ). While large digital companies such as Google are beginning to consider and provide resources to help people to plan for their ‘digital afterlife’ (Graham et al., 2013) – mainly restricted to issues of specifying what happens to social media presence and email accounts after death – there is little work that examines older people’s experiences of attempting to use the digital to tell stories that will leave a personal and public legacy towards the end of life. This article begins to examine the challenges and the opportunities that might characterise this area. In doing so, it explores two research studies with ‘third’ and ‘fourth’ agers that have examined, in very different settings, the diverse challenges of knitting together the fragmented and scattered ‘data’ of life experience into private and public narratives. The first study is a case study of three community filmmakers working with an artist to create a film based on their peers’ experiences as first generation Caribbean immigrants to the UK; the second is a study comprising three workshops and five detailed case studies examining how older adults use existing ‘data’ to recollect, to curate and to reflect on their lives and learning for personal purposes.
A Randomized Double Blind Clinical Trial on a Sabgh Formulation for Patients With Vitiligo
Authors: Hosseinkhani Ayda , Montaseri Hashem , Sodaifi Manouchehr , Mohagheghzadeh Abdolali , Seradj Hassan , Afshari-Jouybari Hassan 
Published: April 2015

Background. The cosmetic problem that vitiligo produces affects patients psychologically. Many patients with vitiligo are suggested to cover their white skin patches with cosmetic products. There are formulations in traditional Iranian pharmacy to color these white skin patches. In this study, one of these formulations was compared with a cosmetic formulation. Methods. Two groups of patients were selected. One group used a marketed formulation and other group used a traditional Iranian Pharmacy formulation. The quality of life of the patients was compared based on the Dermatology Life Quality Index Questionnaire. Results. Both interventions were associated with statistically improved Dermatology Life Quality Index scores over the 8-week intervention ( P < .05), although the difference between the 2 was not statistically significant ( P = .436). Conclusion. Traditional Iranian Pharmacy formulation is effective in increasing the quality of life in vitiligo patients.
Common best proximity points theorem for four mappings in metric-type spaces
Authors: Lo’lo’ Parvaneh , Vaezpour Seyyed Mansour , Esmaily Jafar 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn this article, we first give an existence and uniqueness common best proximity points theorem for four mappings in a metric-type space $(X, D, K)$
(
X
,
D
,
K
)
such that D is not necessarily continuous. An example is also given to support our main result. We also discuss the unique common fixed point existence result of four mappings defined on such a metric space.
Fixed points of monotone nonexpansive mappings with a graph
Authors: Alfuraidan Monther Rashed 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we study the existence of fixed points of monotone nonexpansive mappings defined in Banach spaces endowed with a graph. This work is a continuity of the previous results of Ran and Reurings, Nieto et al., and Jachimsky done for contraction mappings defined in metric spaces endowed with a graph.
Coexistence of P190 and P210 BCR/ABL transcripts in chronic myeloid leukemia blast crisis resistant to imatinib
Authors: Junmei Zhao , Fengkuan Yu , Yongping Song , Baijun Fang , Yuzhang Liu , Lina Liu , Qinglan Zhang 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Introduction
Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) is a hallmark of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), which exists in more than 90% CML and in 3% to 40% acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

Case description
A 25-year-old man was diagnosed with CML in chronic phase. He first received treatment with hydroxyurea, achieving hematological remission and following imatinib mesylate for main treatment. A year later, he began to appear unexplained high fever with ineffective antibiotic treatment and bone morrow and blood tests indicated blast crisis. Both BCR/ABL 210 and BCR/ABL 190 fusion transcript were positive. Imatinib resistance was confirmed by a screening for ABL kinase domain E255K mutations, and dasatinib was administered. After two months, the patient went on to hematological remission.

Discussion and evaluation
During medical treatment for CML, we experienced a relatively rare case with co-expression of the p210 and p190 encoding BCR-ABL transcripts in blastic phase. Imatinib resistance was confirmed and remission wasn’t easily obtained, yet dasatinib was helpful. When resistance emerges, the treatment options include increasing the daily dose of imatinib, or combining imatinib with other agents. Of course, dasatinib, nilotinib and bone marrow transplantation are good choice as well.

Conclusions
The presence of p-190 transcript in CML may be related to progression of the disease. Thus monitoring the resistance of imatinib in CML patients, especially for advanced phase CML and BCR-ABL ALL, may be meaningful to guide clinical treatment and predict the prognosis.
Evaluation of state and community/private forests in Punjab, Pakistan using geospatial data and related techniques
Authors: Shahzad Naeem , Saeed Urooj , Gilani Hammad , Ahmad Sajid Rashid , Ashraf Irfan , Irteza Syed Muhammad 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Background
Forests are fundamental in maintaining water supplies, providing economic goods, mitigating climate change, and maintaining biodiversity, thus providing many of the world’s poorest with income, food and medicine. Too often, forested lands are treated as “wastelands” or “free” and are easily cleared for agricultural and infrastructure expansion.

Methods
In this paper, the sustainability of two forest ecosystems (state and community/private owned) was evaluated using SPOT-5 satellite images of 2005 and 2011. This study was conducted in a sub-watershed area covering 468 km2, of which 201 km2 is managed by the state and 267 km2 by community/private ownership in the Murree Galliat region of Punjab Province of Pakistan. A participatory approach was adopted for the delineation and demarcation of forest boundaries. The Geographic Object-Based Image Analysis (GEOBIA) technique was used for identification and mapping of ten Land Cover (LC) features.

Results
The results show that between the years 2005 to 2011, a total of 55 km2 (24 km2 in state-owned forest and 31 km2 in community/private forest) was converted from forest to non-forest. The conclusion is that conservation is more effective in state-owned forests than in the community/private forests.

Conclusions
These findings may help to mobilize community awareness and identify effective initiatives for improved management of community/private forest land for other regions of Pakistan.
Moduli of tropical plane curves
Authors: Brodsky Sarah , Joswig Michael , Morrison Ralph , Sturmfels Bernd 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
We study the moduli space of metric graphs that arise from tropical plane curves. There are far fewer such graphs than tropicalizations of classical plane curves. For fixed genus g, our moduli space is a stacky fan whose cones are indexed by regular unimodular triangulations of Newton polygons with g interior lattice points. It has dimension 2g+1 unless g≤3 or g=7. We compute these spaces explicitly for g≤5.