bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trans dressing in the workplace
Authors: Jones Jackie 
Published: June 2013

PurposeThe purpose of the article is to examine the problems faced by transsexuals in the workplace, in particular to analyse whether the applicable anti‐discrimination laws in the United Kingdom are effective in preventing harassment of transsexuals in the workplace.Design/methodology/approachThe paper discusses common problems faced by transsexuals at work, including dress codes.FindingsThere are few UK cases dealing with these issues and the law has so far not been effective at stopping discriminatory behaviour towards transsexuals in the workplace. A more supportive approach is required.Originality/valueThere are few, if any, articles that specifically look at the effect on transsexuals of dress codes, law and organisational change in this way.
Determinants of job satisfaction in the banking sector: the case of Lebanese managers
Authors: Tlaiss Hayfaa A. 
Published: June 2013

PurposeThe aim of this study is to fill a gap in the literature on job satisfaction in the Middle East, reflecting on the experience of women managers from Lebanon.Design/methodology/approachA survey questionnaire was designed and administered to a sample of women managers in the banking sector. The survey covered several aspects including objective, subjective, and overall job satisfaction.FindingsOverall, the findings revealed that the respondents were satisfied with the subjective aspects of their careers, but not the objective ones. Work‐related factors seemed to better explain the job satisfaction of women managers in the banking industry in Lebanon when compared to individual personal factors.Originality/valueGiven the limited research on job satisfaction in the Middle East and the importance of job satisfaction on performance and retention, this study adds to the little that is known about the effect of individual and work‐related factors on job satisfaction of employees in the Arab Middle Eastern region. The implications of this study can be of great importance for public policy initiatives, practitioners and academic scholars.
Realising the “right to the city”
Authors: Hearne Rory 
Published: June 2013

PurposeThis article aims to explore the concept of achieving the “right to the city” for marginalised communities. It uses human rights instruments and regeneration best practice to develop a toolkit of indicators for urban regeneration. The article contributes to the literature on realising economic, social and cultural rights encompassed in the “right to the city”.Design/methodology/approachThe article adopts an interdisciplinary approach, involving human rights law, urban planning, housing studies, community development, housing law and social policy. It draws on primary qualitative (participative and observatory) research undertaken by the author while implementing a human rights based approach in an Irish inner‐city local authority estate from 2009 to 2013.FindingsThe human rights framework can be adapted to develop a set of measurable regeneration indicators. This article suggests that the application of this rights toolkit provides a greater potential for regeneration to meet human rights standards, and therefore, realise the “right to the city” in practice.Research limitations/implicationsThe application of the human rights based approach to urban regeneration would benefit from wider empirical testing on its suitability for implementation in other countries and global regions. It would benefit from critical engagement with human rights practitioners, community groups, and state agencies seeking to realise the “right to the city”.Originality/valueThis is the first known academic attempt to explore the pathway of a human rights based approach to urban regeneration in order to realise the “right to the city” in practice.
Changing quality of life through the Personal Kaizen approach: a qualitative study
Authors: Suárez‐Barraza Manuel F. , Ramis‐Pujol Juan , Mi Dahlgaard‐Park Su 
Published: June 2013

PurposeImai defined Kaizen as: “a means of continuing improvement in personal life, home life, social life, and working life. At the workplace, Kaizen means continuing improvement involving everyone – managers and workers alike”. According to Imai, Kaizen can take at least three forms: Kaizen management; Group Kaizen; Individual Kaizen. In this last form, the strength of the continuous improvement of this Japanese management approach is focused on the work of each person as an individual. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore how some people have applied Personal Kaizen to their personal lives in order to improve their quality of life. The research question that drives the study is: How do some people apply Personal Kaizen in order to improve their quality of life?Design/methodology/approachAn exploratory qualitative study was conducted. Using theoretical sampling, three persons who have implemented Personal Kaizen in their daily lives in order to change their quality of life were identified and interviewed. Similarly, documentary references of the three cases cited were used to generate a cross‐case analysis of the methodological techniques used.FindingsThis paper analyses the cases of three persons who have implemented Personal Kaizen in their lives in order to change their quality of life. The authors cross the empirical data with the theoretical framework of Kaizen and quality of life and try to corroborate three hypotheses.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper has the same limitations as all other qualitative research, including subjectivity of analysis and questionable generalisation of findings. Furthermore, there may well be a theoretical gap with respect to the geographic region, given that the paper only considers three individuals living in Mexico.Practical implicationsThe description of how three persons apply an individual Kaizen approach in order to change their quality of life may prove to be of value to other persons who wish to change their health‐related behaviour.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the limited existing literature on the Personal Kaizen approach and subsequently disseminates this information in order to provide impetus, guidance and support for improving individual quality of life.
A “dramaturgical” analysis of spouse role enactment in expatriation
Authors: Davoine Eric , Ravasi Claudio , Salamin Xavier , Cudré‐Mauroux Christel 
Published: June 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the social role played by expatriate spouses during international assignments, using a dramaturgical approach.Design/methodology/approachRole expectations were investigated on the basis of an exemplary case: the spouses of diplomatic and consular employees of the Swiss Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Qualitative data were collected in interviews with 40 male and female spouses and analyzed with a “goffmanian” dramaturgical role analysis approach.FindingsThe dramaturgical analysis of the accompanying persons’ discourse highlights the different dimensions of the expatriate spouse role and how expatriate spouses construct and personalize their role. Furthermore, this analysis brings new insights into the way male spouses may support female expatriates and reveals gender differences in the enactment of the expatriate spouse role.Research limitations/implicationsThis study has been carried out in the diplomatic sector, which might be more structured for the spouses in terms of role expectations than in multinational companies. Further research should be carried out to better understand these expectations in the context of multinational companies.Originality/valueThe dramaturgical approach is a useful conceptual framework to explore the role enactment of the expatriate spouse, especially by considering the spouse role with a new distribution of gender roles. In this context, the role repertoire approach represents a promising field of investigation for research on expatriation and international mobility.
Genetic analysis of attachment glycoprotein (G) gene in new genotype ON1 of human respiratory syncytial virus detected in Japan
Authors: Tsukagoshi Hiroyuki , Yokoi Hajime , Kobayashi Miho , Kushibuchi Izumi , Okamoto‐Nakagawa Reiko , Yoshida Ayako , Morita Yukio , Noda Masahiro , Yamamoto Norio , Sugai Kazuko , Oishi Kazunori , Kozawa Kunihisa , Kuroda Makoto , Shirabe Komei , Kimura Hirokazu 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTWe studied the evolution of the G gene in the new genotype ON1 of RSV detected from patients with acute respiratory infection in Japan. Phylogenetic analyses and the evolutionary timescale were obtained by the Bayesian MCMC method. We also analyzed p‐distance and positive selection sites. A new genotype ON1 emerged around 2001. The evolution rate was rapid (3.57 × 10−3 substitutions/site per year). The p‐distance was short and no positive selection site was found in the present strains. These results suggested that a new genotype ON1 of RSV‐A emerged approximately10 years ago and spread to some countries with a high evolution rate.
Intraguild predation among Scolothrips longicornis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), Neoseiulus californicus and Typhlodromus bagdasarjani (Acari: Phytoseiidae) under laboratory conditions
Authors: Farazmand Azadeh , Fathipour Yaghoub , Kamali Karim 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis study was carried out on the ability of predatory thrips Scolothrips longicornis Priesner to feed on 2 phytoseiid species and vice versa. Also the effect of predation of Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) on Typhlodromus bagdasarjani Wainstein and Arutunjan and vice versa was evaluated. The larvae, prepupae, and pupae of thrips and the eggs, larvae, and protonymphs of phytoseiids were selected as intraguild prey. The intraguild predation (IGP) among S. longicornis and 2 phytoseiid species was unidirectional and in favor of phytoseiids, i.e., S. longicornis was not able to feed on larval stages of 2 phytoseiids. However, N. californicus and T. bagdasarjani fed on the 1st instar larvae (1.39 and 0.80 per day), 2nd instar larvae (0.87 and 0.55 per day), prepupae (0.51 and 0.48 per day), and pupae of thrips (0.51 and 0.49 per day, respectively). Both phytoseiids fed on eggs, larvae, and protonymphal stages of each other. Females of N. californicus consumed more phytoseiid larvae (2.49 per day) than T. bagdasarjani, which consumed 1.08 N. californicus larvae per day. When Tetranychus urticae was presented as an extraguild prey, intensity of IGP between 2 species of phytoseiids and on larval stages of S. longicornis reduced significantly. Therefore, it is concluded that (i) IGP existed among the 3 examined species and lack of feeding of S. longicornis on 2 phytoseiid species can be justified by its feeding type (monophagy), (ii) N. californicus was much more prone to IGP than was T. bagdasarjani.
Biological and biochemical characterization of a red‐eye mutant in Nilaparvata lugens （Hemiptera: Delphacidae）
Authors: Liu Shu‐Hua , Yao Jing , Yao Hong‐Wei , Jiang Peng‐Ling , Yang Bao‐Jun , Tang Jian 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA red‐eye colony was established in our laboratory in brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), a major rice pest in Asia. Except for the red‐eye phenotype, no other differences were observed between the wild‐type (brown eye) and the mutant‐type (red eye) in external characters. Genetic analysis revealed that the red‐eye phenotype was controlled by a single autosomal recessive allele. Biological studies found that egg production and egg viability in the red‐eye mutant colony were not significantly different from those in the wild‐type BPH. Biochemical analysis and electronic microscopy examination revealed that the red‐eye mutants contained decreased levels of both xanthommatin (brown) and pteridine (red) and reduced number of pigment granules. Thus, the changes of amount and ratio of the two pigments is the biochemical basis of this red‐eye mutation. Our results indicate that the red‐eye mutant gene (red) might be involved in one common gene locus shared by the two pigments in pigment transportation, pigment granule formation or some other processes.
Expression of HvCslF9 and HvCslF6 barley genes in the genetic background of wheat and their influence on the wheat β‐glucan content
Authors: Cseh A. , Soós V. , Rakszegi M. , Türkösi E. , Balázs E. , Molnár‐Láng M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe dietary fibre (1,3;1,4)‐β‐d‐glucan (β‐glucan), is a major quality parameter of cereals. Grain β‐glucan content is the most important factor from the aspect of human health maintenance. The grain of barley (Hordeum vulgare) is one of the most important β‐glucan sources having a β‐glucan content 10 times higher than that of wheat (Triticum aestivum). Winter wheat/winter barley ‘Mv9kr1’/‘Igri’ 1HS ditelosomic and ‘Mv9kr1’/‘Igri’ 7H disomic addition lines carrying the HvCslF9 and HvCslF6 barley genes, respectively, were used to investigate the additive effect of barley cellulose synthase‐like genes on the wheat β‐glucan content. A significantly higher β‐glucan level was detected in the leaves and grains of the wheat/barley 1HS and 7H addition lines compared to the control wheat line. The expression of the HvCslF9 and HvCslF6 genes in the genetic background of wheat was also determined by quantitative RT‐PCR. The expression pattern of the HvCslF9 gene transcript showed a gradual increase throughout grain development, while the HvCslF6 gene was normally transcribed at relatively high levels. In leaves, the transcript of the HvCslF9 gene could not be detected at the end of tillering, while the HvCslF6 gene was still strongly expressed at this time in the 7H addition line. This study mapped the HvCslF9 gene to the short arm of the 1H chromosome. The HvGlb1 barley gene, encoding (1,3;1,4)‐β‐d‐glucan endohydrolase isoenzyme EI, is possibly involved in the regulation of the β‐glucan level during grain development. Previously this was also mapped to the barley 1H chromosome, and this study suggested that it was located on the 1HL chromosome arm. It was also concluded that the independent expression of the HvCslF9 gene in the wheat background resulted in a slight increase in the β‐glucan content. The results provide new insights into the expression and regulation of the HvCslF genes in the genetic background of wheat and indicate that cisgenesis can be used to increase the leaf and grain β‐glucan content in wheat.
The association of sore throat and psoriasis might be explained by histologically distinctive tonsils and increased expression of skin-homing molecules by tonsil T cells
Authors: Sigurdardottir S L , Thorleifsdottir R H , Valdimarsson H , Johnston A 
Published: June 2013

Summary
Recent studies have highlighted the involvement of the palatine tonsils in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, particularly among patients with recurrent throat infections. However, the underlying immunological mechanism is not well understood. In this study we confirm that psoriasis tonsils are infected more frequently by β-haemolytic Streptococci, in particular Group C Streptococcus, compared with recurrently infected tonsils from patients without skin disease. Moreover, we show that tonsils from psoriasis patients contained smaller lymphoid follicles that occupied a smaller tissue area, had a lower germinal centre to marginal zone area ratio and contained fewer tingible body macrophages per unit area compared with recurrently infected tonsils from individuals without skin disease. Psoriasis patients' tonsils had a higher frequency of skin-homing [cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen (CLA+)] CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and this correlated significantly with their frequency of blood CLA+ T cells. The psoriasis patients also had a higher frequency of tonsil T cells expressing the interleukin (IL)-23 receptor that was expressed preferentially by the CLA+ T cell population. In contrast, recurrently infected tonsils of individuals without skin disease had a higher frequency of tonsil T cells expressing the activation marker CD69 and a number of chemokine receptors with unknown relevance to psoriasis. These findings suggest that immune responses in the palatine tonsils of psoriasis patients are dysregulated. The elevated expression of CLA and IL-23 receptor by tonsil T cells may promote the egression of effector T cells from tonsils to the epidermis, suggesting that there may be functional changes within the tonsils, which promote triggering or exacerbation of psoriasis.
Whole blood stimulation with Toll-like receptor (TLR)-7/8 and TLR-9 agonists induces interleukin-12p40 expression in plasmacytoid dendritic cells in rhesus macaques but not in humans
Authors: Koopman G , Beenhakker N , Burm S , Bouwhuis O , Bajramovic J , Sommandas V , Mudde G , Mooij P , ‘t Hart B A , Bogers W M J M 
Published: June 2013

Summary
Macaques provide important animal models in biomedical research into infectious and chronic inflammatory disease. Therefore, a proper understanding of the similarities and differences in immune function between macaques and humans is needed for adequate interpretation of the data and translation to the human situation. Dendritic cells are important as key regulators of innate and adaptive immune responses. Using a new whole blood assay we investigated functional characteristics of blood plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC), myeloid dendritic cells (mDC) and monocytes in rhesus macaques by studying induction of activation markers and cytokine expression upon Toll-like receptor (TLR) stimulation. In a head-to-head comparison we observed that rhesus macaque venous blood contained relatively lower numbers of pDC than human venous blood, while mDC and monocytes were present at similar percentages. In contrast to humans, pDC in rhesus macaques expressed the interleukin (IL)-12p40 subunit in response to TLR-7/8 as well as TLR-9 stimulation. Expression of IL-12p40 was confirmed by using different monoclonal antibodies and by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR). Both in humans and rhesus macaques, TLR-4 stimulation induced IL-12p40 expression in mDC and monocytes, but not in pDC. The data show that, in contrast to humans, pDC in macaques are able to express IL-12p40, which could have consequences for evaluation of human vaccine candidates and viral infection.
Nonresectional management of colorectal cancer: multidisciplinary factors that influence treatment strategy
Authors: Turner P. S. , Burke D. , Finan P. J. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimSurgical resection of a primary colorectal tumour remains the treatment of choice and offers the best chance of cure. However, in some patients, resection is not achieved. There are few published data on this group of patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate this group to determine the frequency and reasons for nonresection, and to analyse the subsequent management.MethodA retrospective review was performed using a Trust colorectal cancer database and individual electronic patient records. Patients who presented to our unit with a diagnosis of primary colorectal cancer managed by nonresectional intervention over a 2‐year period were identified. Data analysed included: patient demographics, radiological staging, histological data, nonsurgical therapy, tumour‐specific complications and requirement for palliative surgical procedures.ResultsA total of 671 patients were identified with primary colorectal cancer. One hundred and fifty‐six (23%) were managed without resection, following discussion at a multidisciplinary team meeting. Of 156 patients, histological confirmation was obtained in 131 (84%), with the remainder of the diagnoses being based on unequivocal radiological imaging and/or operative findings. Complete radiological staging was achieved in 150 (96%) patients. The predominant reasons for nonresectional management were: advanced metastatic disease (66%), significant medical comorbidity (19%) and patient refusal (6%). Fifty‐nine of 156 patients (38%) subsequently received palliative chemotherapy, 9 (6%) radiotherapy and or 9 (6%) combination chemo‐radiotherapy. Seventy‐nine (51%) of 156 patients received no therapy other than best supportive palliative care, for reasons including significant medical comorbidity (62%) and patient refusal (19%). Following the initial decision not to resect, 68 (44%) patients did at some point undergo some form of palliative intervention (stenting, stoma or bypass) for obstruction – 44 (28%) electively and 24 (15%) as an emergency.ConclusionNonresectional management of patients with primary colorectal cancer is not an uncommon outcome following discussion at a multidisciplinary meeting. In these patients, nonsurgical palliation should be employed when necessary, though is frequently limited by comorbidity. However, subsequent surgical palliation is still required in a substantial proportion of cases.
Blocking a redundant cue: what does it say about preschoolers' causal competence?
Authors: Kloos Heidi , Sloutsky Vladimir M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe current study investigates the degree to which preschoolers can engage in causal inferences in a blocking paradigm, a paradigm in which a cue is consistently linked with a target, either alone (A‐T) or paired with another cue (AB‐T). Unlike previous blocking studies with preschoolers, we manipulated the causal structure of the events without changing the specific contingencies. In particular, cues were said to be either potential causes (prediction condition), or they were said to be potential effects (diagnosis condition). The causally appropriate inference is to block the redundant cue B when it is a potential cause of the target, but not when it is a potential effect. Findings show a stark difference in performance between preschoolers and adults: While adults blocked the redundant cue only in the prediction condition, children blocked the redundant cue indiscriminately across both conditions. Therefore, children, but not adults, ignored the causal structure of the events. These findings challenge a developmental account that attributes sophisticated machinery of causal reasoning to young children.
The neural correlates of processing newborn and adult faces in 3‐year‐old children
Authors: Peykarjou Stefanie , Westerlund² Alissa , Cassia Viola Macchi , Kuefner Dana , Nelson Charles A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe current study examines the processing of upright and inverted faces in 3‐year‐old children (n = 35). Event‐related potentials (ERPs) were recorded during a passive looking paradigm including adult and newborn face stimuli. We observed three face‐sensitive components, the P1, the N170 and the P400. Inverted faces elicited shorter P1 latency and larger P400 amplitude. P1 and N170 amplitudes were larger for adult faces. To examine the role of experience in the development of face processing, the processing of adult and newborn faces was compared for children with a younger sibling (n = 23) and children without a younger sibling (n = 12). Age of sibling at test correlated negatively with P1 amplitude for adult and newborn faces. This may indicate more efficient processing of different face ages in children with a younger sibling and potentially reflects a more flexible face representation.