bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Impact of Electric Vehicle Driving Experience on Range Anxiety
Authors: Rauh Nadine , Franke Thomas , Krems Josef F. 
Published: August 2014

Objective: The objective of the present research was to increase understanding of the phenomenon of range anxiety and to determine the degree to which practical experience with battery electric vehicles (BEVs) reduces different levels of range anxiety. Background: Limited range is a challenge for BEV users. A frequently discussed phenomenon in this context is range anxiety. There is some evidence suggesting that range anxiety might be a problem only for inexperienced BEV drivers and, therefore, might decrease with practical experience. Method: We compared 12 motorists with high BEV driving experience ( M = 60,500 km) with 12 motorists who had never driven a BEV before. The test drive was designed to lead to a critical range situation (remaining range < trip length). We examined range appraisal and range stress (i.e., range anxiety) on different levels (cognitive, emotional, and behavioral). Results: Experienced BEV drivers exhibited less negative range appraisal and range anxiety than inexperienced BEV drivers, revealing significant, strong effects for all but one variable. Conclusion: Hence, BEV driving experience (defined as absolute kilometers driven with a BEV) seems to be one important variable that predicts less range anxiety. Application: In order to reduce range anxiety in BEV drivers even when there is a critical range situation, it is important to increase efficiency and effectiveness of the learning process.
Features of an alternative hemodialysis method using a hemoconcentrator during cardiopulmonary bypass surgeries
Authors: Tagaya M , Matsuda M , Yakehiro M , Izutani H 
Published: August 2014

Purpose: This study clarified the features of a hemoconcentrator-based, alternative hemodialysis (ALTHD) method that improves the speed of serum potassium (K+) concentration adjustments, compared with dilutional ultrafiltration (DUF), during cardiopulmonary bypasses. Methods: Standardized bovine blood was recirculated (300 ml/min) through an in vitro hemoconcentrator circuit; hematocrit, K+ and glucose levels were measured at 5–20 min after DUF or ALTHD. We evaluated DUF at dialysis speeds of 50–250 ml/min and ALTHD at speeds of 50–1000 ml/min. Results: ALTHD rapidly corrected K+ and glucose concentrations at speeds up to 800 ml/min. ALTHD took 8.9 min to reach a K+ level of 4.5 mmol/L, faster than DUF (12.8 min). The ALTHD efficiency curves plateaued at 600 ml/min. Conclusion: ALTHD allowed faster adjustment of electrolyte levels, with peak efficiency at 600 ml/min. ALTHD has possible clinical application if available for potential use during all cardiopulmonary bypass surgeries involving extracorporeal circulation.
Antiepileptics in migraine prophylaxis: An updated Cochrane review
Authors: Mulleners Wim M , McCrory Douglas C , Linde Mattias 
Published: August 2014

Introduction The efficacy of several antiepileptics in the preventive treatment of episodic migraine in adults has been systematically reviewed. Because many trial reports have been published since then, an updated systematic review was warranted. Methods We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed/MEDLINE (1966 to January 15, 2013), MEDLINE In-Process (current week, January 15, 2013), and EMBASE (1974 to January 15, 2013) and hand-searched Headache and Cephalalgia through January 2013. Prospective, controlled trials of antiepileptics taken regularly to prevent the occurrence of migraine attacks, to improve migraine-related quality of life, or both, were selected. Results Mean headache frequency on topiramate and sodium valproate is significantly lower than placebo. Likewise, topiramate and divalproex demonstrated favorable results for the proportion of subjects with ≥50% reduction of migraine attacks. For topiramate, 100 mg and 200 mg outperformed 50 mg, but this was paralleled by a higher adverse event rate. For valproate/divalproex, a dose-effect correlation could not be established. There was no unequivocal evidence of efficacy for any of the other antiepileptics. Conclusion Topiramate, sodium valproate and divalproex are effective prophylactic treatments for episodic migraine in adults. In contrast to previous reports, there is insufficient evidence to further support the use of gabapentin.
Validation of an extended French version of ID Migraine™ as a migraine-screening tool
Authors: Streel Sylvie , Donneau Anne-Françoise , Dardenne Nadia , Hoge Axelle , Bruyère Olivier , Albert Adelin , Guillaume Michèle , Schoenen Jean 
Published: August 2014

Introduction Migraine has a considerable social, economic, physical and emotional burden but remains underdiagnosed and undertreated. A specific migraine screening tool could help remove barriers to health care and be an attractive instrument for epidemiological studies. The objective of this work was to assess the validity of an extended French version of ID Migraine™ as a migraine-screening tool. Methods Sixty-seven subjects from the NESCaV study (2010–2012) completed the migraine screen and were diagnosed by a neurologist specializing in headache medicine using the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd edition criteria (gold standard). Agreement between the two diagnoses was evaluated by Cohen kappa coefficient (κ). Sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of the migraine screen were calculated. Results Migraine was diagnosed in 21 (31.3%) of the 67 subjects according to the screening tool and in 24 (35.8%) by the neurologist (κ = 0.90). The prevalence of migraine was unrelated to age, gender, education and perception of financial resources. Sensitivity and specificity of the screen were 87.5% and 100%, respectively. The screen prevalence of migraine with aura was 10.4% (sensitivity and specificity: 83.3% and 96.7%, respectively). Conclusion The extended French version of ID Migraine™ (ef-ID Migraine) is a validated tool to screen migraine in French-speaking countries.
Does Decreased Meniscal Thickness Affect Surgical Outcomes After Medial Meniscectomy?
Authors: Kim Sung-Jae , Lee Su-Keon , Kim Sung-Hwan , Jeong Jae-Hoon , Kim Hak-Soo , Lee Se-Won , Lee Jae-Hoo , Jung Min 
Published: August 2014

Background: There have been no clinical studies regarding the effect of decreased meniscal thickness on outcomes after meniscectomy. Purpose: To examine the postoperative outcomes of partial meniscectomy with or without horizontal resection compared with the outcomes of subtotal meniscectomy and to evaluate the influence of decreased thickness of the medial meniscus on outcomes after partial meniscectomy. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 312 patients who underwent medial meniscectomy were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into 3 groups: group A (n = 84) included patients with partial meniscectomy with vertical resection, group B (n = 140) consisted of those with partial meniscectomy with horizontal resection, and group C (n = 88) included those with subtotal meniscectomy. Clinical function was evaluated by use of the Lysholm knee scoring scale, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective knee evaluation form, and Tapper and Hoover grading system. Radiologic evaluation was performed with the IKDC radiographic assessment scale as well as with measurements of the medial compartment height at the tibiofemoral joint. Preoperative values and postoperative values measured 5 years after operation were assessed. Results: Functional outcomes in group C were inferior to those in groups A and B according to the Lysholm knee score (mean ± SD for group A = 96.1 ± 4.7, group B = 94.9 ± 5.2, group C = 84.8 ± 11.4; P < .001), IKDC subjective score (group A = 92.1 ± 6.5, group B = 91.3 ± 8.8, group C = 81 ± 11.4; P < .001), and Tapper and Hoover grading system ( P = .003). There was no significant difference in scores between groups A and B. With regard to radiologic evaluation, the IKDC radiographic grade for group C was worse than the grades for groups A and B ( P < .001); there was no significant difference between groups A and B. However, the postoperative joint space on the affected side was higher for group A (4.7 ± 0.6 mm) than for groups B (4.3 ± 0.5 mm; P < .001) and C (3.7 ± 0.8 mm; P < .001). The joint space was higher in group B than in group C ( P < .001). Conclusion: Despite joint space narrowing, decreases in meniscal thickness after partial meniscectomy for horizontal tear had no additional adverse effect on 5-year functional and radiographic outcomes compared with conventional partial meniscectomy preserving whole meniscal thickness. In treating horizontal tears of the meniscus, partial meniscectomy with complete resection of the unstable leaf was an effective method in a 5-year follow-up study.
Multi-Family Groups for Multi-Stressed Families
Authors: Jackson Jerrold M. 
Published: August 2014

Purpose: To examine the influence of caregiver stress on attendance among urban families involved in a multiple family group (MFG) intervention, as well as pre/post changes in childhood behavioral difficulties, caregiver stress, caregiver depressive symptoms, caregiver coping by substance use, and caregiver motivation to change. Methods: Univariate analyses assessed pre/post differences in outcomes between and within stress groups. Post hoc analyses accounted for missing data and the potential influence of regression to the mean. Results: High caregiver stress was associated with lower rates of attendance in MFG over time. Despite attending the fewest sessions, highest stressed caregivers experienced the most pre/post improvement on measures of caregiver stress and childhood behavioral difficulties. Discussion: Involvement in an MFG intervention is associated with high rates of attendance and meaningful improvements in child and caregiver outcomes, with the most distressed families reporting the greatest reduction in both caregiver stress and childhood behavioral difficulties.
Critical Race Theory and HRD
Authors: Rocco Tonette S. , Bernier Judith D. , Bowman Lorenzo 
Published: August 2014

The Problem The problem is that racism, sexism, and discrimination exist. Critical race theory (CRT) is concerned with equity in terms of a person’s complete identity, which may begin with race and include gender, sexual orientation, ethnicity, and/or some other characteristic. The Solution CRT advocates radical change in systems and organizations. CRT critiques power structures in an attempt to provide guidance to those who maintain inequitable and racialized structures. Corporate policies and programs should be scrutinized to see how they affect all workers. The assumption that policies and programs are neutral should be abandoned. The acknowledgment of race (including Whiteness as a race) and racism is central. Change should embrace all people and provide equivalent opportunities to all employees. Change means breaking the glass ceiling, erasing salary differentials, and eliminating harassment and discrimination. The Stakeholders The power structures that support societal-level stakeholders create policy and law. These policies and legal mandates are implemented by Human Resource Development (HRD) practitioners and rarely questioned. Stakeholders include employees, staff, and clients. Individuals at all ranks within organizations, clients, consumers, and suppliers uphold the racism inherent in society by ignoring it or being blind to it. We all have a stake in seeing racism and all bias so we can work as a community of stakeholders to eliminate it.
Insulin Treatment Prevents the Increase in D-Serine in Hippocampal CA1 Area of Diabetic Rats
Authors: Yang Jing , Song Yang , Wang Hongxin , Liu Chunna , Li Zhongzhe , Liu Ying , Kong Yawei 
Published: August 2014

Purpose: Diabetes is a high risk factor for dementia. Employing a diabetic rat model, the present study was designed to determine whether the content of d-serine (d-Ser) in hippocampus is associated with the impairment of spatial learning and memory ability. Methods: Diabetes was induced by a single intravenous injection of streptozotocin (STZ). The insulin treatment began 3 days after STZ injection. Results: We found that both water maze learning and hippocampal CA1 long-term potentiation (LTP) were impaired in diabetic rats. The contents of glutamate, d-Ser, and serine racemase in the hippocampus of diabetic rats were significantly higher than those in the control group. Insulin treatment prevented the STZ-induced impairment in water maze learning and hippocampal CA1-LTP in diabetic rats and also maintained the contents of glutamate, d-Ser, and serine racemase at the normal range in hippocampus. Conclusions: These results suggest that insulin treatment has a potent protection effect on CA1-LTP, spatial learning and memory ability of the diabetic rats in vivo. Furthermore, insulin may take effect by inhibiting the overactivation of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors, which play a critical role in neurotoxicity.
The transitioning from trials to extended follow-up studies
Authors: Drye Lea T , Casper Anne S , Sternberg Alice L , Holbrook Janet T , Jenkins Gabrielle , Meinert Curtis L 
Published: August 2014

Background: Investigators may elect to extend follow-up of participants enrolled in a randomized clinical trial after the trial comes to its planned end. The additional follow-up may be initiated to learn about longer term effects of treatments, including adverse events, costs related to treatment, or for reasons unrelated to treatment such as to observe the natural course of the disease using the established cohort from the trial. Purpose: We examine transitioning from trials to extended follow-up studies when the goal of additional follow-up is to observe longer term treatment effects. Methods: We conducted a literature search in selected journals from 2000 to 2012 to identify trials that extended follow-up for the purpose of studying longer term treatment effects and extracted information on the operational and logistical issues in the transition. We also draw experience from three trials coordinated by the Johns Hopkins Coordinating Centers that made transitions to extended follow-up: the Alzheimer’s Disease Anti-inflammatory Prevention Trial, Multicenter Uveitis Steroid Treatment trial, and Childhood Asthma Management Program. Results: Transitions are not uncommon in multicenter clinical trials, even in trials that continued to the planned end of the trial. Transitioning usually necessitates new participant consents. If study infrastructure is not maintained during the transition, participants will be lost and re-establishing the staff and facilities will be costly. Merging data from the trial and follow-up study can be complicated by changes in data collection measures and schedules. Limitations: Our discussion and recommendations are limited to issues that we have experienced in transitions from trials to follow-up studies. Discussion: We discuss issues such as maintaining funding, institutional review board and consent requirements, contacting participants, and combining data from the trial and follow-up phases. We conclude with a list of recommendations to facilitate transitions from a trial to an extended follow-up study.
Src family kinases: at the forefront of platelet activation
Authors: Senis Yotis A. , Mazharian Alexandra , Mori Jun 
Published: August 2014

AbstractSrc family kinases (SFKs) play a central role in mediating the rapid response of platelets to vascular injury. They transmit activation signals from a diverse repertoire of platelet surface receptors, including the integrin αIIbβ3, the immunoreceptor tyrosine–based activation motif–containing collagen receptor complex GPVI-FcR γ-chain, and the von Willebrand factor receptor complex GPIb-IX-V, which are essential for thrombus growth and stability. Ligand-mediated clustering of these receptors triggers an increase in SFK activity and downstream tyrosine phosphorylation of enzymes, adaptors, and cytoskeletal proteins that collectively propagate the signal and coordinate platelet activation. A growing body of evidence has established that SFKs also contribute to Gq- and Gi-coupled receptor signaling that synergizes with primary activation signals to maximally activate platelets and render them prothrombotic. Interestingly, SFKs concomitantly activate inhibitory pathways that limit platelet activation and thrombus size. In this review, we discuss past discoveries that laid the foundation for this fundamental area of platelet signal transduction, recent progress in our understanding of the distinct and overlapping functions of SFKs in platelets, and new avenues of research into mechanisms of SFK regulation. We also highlight the thrombotic and hemostatic consequences of targeting platelet SFKs.
The Babesia bovis gene and promoter model: an update from full-length EST analysis
Authors: Yamagishi Junya , Wakaguri Hiroyuki , Yokoyama Naoaki , Yamashita Riu , Suzuki Yutaka , Xuan Xuenan , Igarashi Ikuo 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

Background

Babesia bovis is an apicomplexan parasite that causes babesiosis in infected cattle. Genomes of pathogens contain promising information that can facilitate the development of methods for controlling infections. Although the genome of B. bovis is publically available, annotated gene models are not highly reliable prior to experimental validation. Therefore, we validated a preproposed gene model of B. bovis and extended the associated annotations on the basis of experimentally obtained full-length expressed sequence tags (ESTs).

Results
From in vitro cultured merozoites, 12,286 clones harboring full-length cDNAs were sequenced from both ends using the Sanger method, and 6,787 full-length cDNAs were assembled. These were then clustered, and a nonredundant referential data set of 2,115 full-length cDNA sequences was constructed. The comparison of the preproposed gene model with our data set identified 310 identical genes, 342 almost identical genes, 1,054 genes with potential structural inconsistencies, and 409 novel genes. The median length of 5' untranslated regions (UTRs) was 152 nt. Subsequently, we identified 4,086 transcription start sites (TSSs) and 2,023 transcriptionally active regions (TARs) by examining 5' ESTs. We identified ATGGGG and CCCCAT sites as consensus motifs in TARs that were distributed around -50 bp from TSSs. In addition, we found ACACA, TGTGT, and TATAT sites, which were distributed periodically around TSSs in cycles of approximately 150 bp. Moreover, related periodical distributions were not observed in mammalian promoter regions.

Conclusions
The observations in this study indicate the utility of integrated bioinformatics and experimental data for improving genome annotations. In particular, full-length cDNAs with one-base resolution for TSSs enabled the identification of consensus motifs in promoter sequences and demonstrated clear distributions of identified motifs. These observations allowed the illustration of a model promoter composition, which supports the differences in transcriptional regulation frameworks between apicomplexan parasites and mammals.
Off-treatment virologic relapse and outcomes of re-treatment in chronic hepatitis B patients who achieved complete viral suppression with oral nucleos(t)ide analogs
Authors: Sohn Hyung Rae , Min Bo Young , Song Joon Chang , Seong Mun Hyuk , Lee Sang Soo , Jang Eun Sun , Shin Cheol Min , Park Young Soo , Hwang Jin-Hyeok , Jeong Sook-Hyang , Kim Nayoung , Lee Dong Ho , Kim Jin-Wook 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

Background
The durability of off-treatment virologic responses has not been fully elucidated in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients who have previously achieved complete virologic suppression with nucleos(t)ide analog (NA) therapy. This study aimed to assess off-treatment virologic relapse rates and to characterize the outcomes of subsequent re-treatment in CHB patients who have discontinued oral NA following complete virologic suppression.

Methods
Ninety-five CHB patients who showed complete virologic suppression were withdrawn from NAs: entecavir, lamivudine, and clevudine in 67, 15, and 13 patients, respectively. Consolidation therapy was given for 6 and 12 months for HBeAg-positive and -negative CHB, respectively, before cessation. Virologic relapse was managed with the same NA that had induced complete virologic response before discontinuation.

Results
The cumulative rates of virologic relapse at 12 and 24 months were 73.8% and 87.1%, respectively. The relapse rates were independent of HBeAg positivity, HBeAg seroconversion, and type of oral NA. In a multivariate analysis, duration of oral NA therapy was the only significant predicting factor associated with off-treatment virologic relapse. Although the majority of patients regained complete virologic suppression, some patients did not respond to re-treatment with the initial NA and developed genotypic resistance.

Conclusions
NA consolidation therapy for 6 and 12 months is associated with high off-treatment virologic relapse in HBeAg-positive and -negative CHB patients, respectively. Drugs with high genetic barriers to resistance should be considered as a rescue therapy for off-treatment relapse in CHB.
Radiographic analysis of the restoration of hip joint center following open reduction and internal fixation of acetabular fractures: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Shi Hong-fei , Xiong Jin , Chen Yi-xin , Wang Jun-fei , Wang Yin-he 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundUnfavorable reduction is considered one of the key factors leading to joint degeneration and compromised clinical outcome in acetabular fracture patients. Besides the columns, walls, and superior dome, the postoperative position of hip joint center (HJC), which is reported to affect hip biomechanics, should be considered during the assessment of quality of reduction. We aimed to evaluate the radiographic restoration of HJC in acetabular fractures treated with open reduction and internal fixation.MethodsPatients with a displaced acetabular fracture that received open reduction and internal fixation in the authors’ institution during the past five years were identified from the trauma database. The horizontal and vertical shifts of HJC were measured in the standard anteroposterior view radiographs taken postoperatively. The radiographic quality of fracture reduction was graded according to Matta’s criteria. The relationships between the shift of HJC and the other variables were evaluated.ResultsTotally 127 patients with 56 elementary and 71 associated-type acetabular fractures were included, wherein the majority showed a medial (89.0%) and proximal (93.7%) shift of HJC postoperatively. An average of 2.8 mm horizontal and 2.2 mm vertical shift of HJC were observed, which correlated significantly with the quality of fracture reduction (P < 0.001 for both). The horizontal shift of HJC correlated with the fracture type (P = 0.022).ConclusionsThe restoration of HJC correlates with the quality of reduction in acetabular fractures following open reduction and internal fixation. Further studies are required to address the effects of HJC shift on the biomechanical changes and clinical outcomes of hip joint, especially in poorly reduced acetabular fractures.