bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detecting asset price bubbles using deep learning
Authors: Biagini Francesca , Gonon Lukas , Mazzon Andrea , Meyer‐Brandis Thilo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we employ deep learning techniques to detect financial asset bubbles by using observed call option prices. The proposed algorithm is widely applicable and model‐independent. We test the accuracy of our methodology in numerical experiments within a wide range of models and apply it to market data of tech stocks in order to assess if asset price bubbles are present. Under a given condition on the pricing of call options under asset price bubbles, we are able to provide a theoretical foundation of our approach for positive and continuous stochastic asset price processes. When such a condition is not satisfied, we focus on local volatility models. To this purpose, we give a new necessary and sufficient condition for a process with time‐dependent local volatility function to be a strict local martingale.
Impactor identification with spallogenic Cr isotopes: The Wabar impact craters (Saudi Arabia)
Authors: Anand Aryavart , Mezger Klaus , Hofmann Beda 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPrecise measurements of Cr isotopic composition of terrestrial impactites have successfully provided evidence for the presence of extraterrestrial material and have, in some cases, allowed the identification of the type of impactor responsible for the formation of the impact structure. The high Cr abundance in most meteorite groups aids in detecting extraterrestrial contamination while their distinct isotopic compositions can help with the identification of the nature of the projectile. However, this common approach of detection and identification of extraterrestrial contamination using mass‐independent 53Cr and 54Cr variations fails when the impactor type is an iron meteorite because of their low Cr abundances (which are in a similar range to terrestrial rocks). The present study demonstrates the viability of a spallogenic Cr contribution in iron meteorites (resulting from their long cosmic ray exposure times), which compensates for their low Cr abundances and facilitates the identification of iron‐meteoritic contamination in terrestrial impactites. Thus, it broadens the scope of impactors (and impactites) that can be investigated using mass‐independent Cr isotopes from solely chondrites and primitive achondrites to include iron meteorites. The Wabar impact craters are an optimal candidate for this study, characterized by low weathering, diverse impactites, partial meteorite survival, substantial impactor material contamination, and a felsic target lithology with low background Cr concentration. The Cr isotopic composition of the Wabar background sand, which represents the target lithology, is indistinguishable from the terrestrial Cr isotopic composition range, whereas the Wabar iron meteorites show coupled spallogenic excesses in ε53Cr and ε54Cr. The Cr isotopic compositions of Wabar impactites show resolved deviations from the terrestrial Cr isotopic composition, thereby indicating the presence of Wabar meteoritic contamination. Moreover, the study demonstrates that even an impactor with a non‐carbonaceous chondritic origin, such as a IIIAB iron meteorite, can have a carbonaceous chondrite‐like signature in ε54Cr anomalies due to spallogenic Cr contamination. The study advocates for a comprehensive investigation combining platinum group elements and Cr (and/or Ni, Ru) isotopes to accurately characterize impactor types.
Accelerated mitochondrial evolution and asymmetric fitness of hybrids contribute to the persistence of Helix thessalica in the Helix pomatia range
Authors: Korábek Ondřej , Hausdorf Bernhard 
Published: July 2024

AbstractInterbreeding and introgression between recently diverged species is common. However, the processes that prevent these species from merging where they co‐occur are not well understood. We studied the mechanisms that allowed an isolated group of populations of the snail Helix thessalica to persist within the range of the related Helix pomatia despite high gene flow. Using genomic cline analysis, we found that the nuclear gene flow between the two taxa across the mosaic hybrid zone was not different from that expected under neutral admixture, but that the exchange of mtDNA was asymmetric. Tests showed that there is relaxed selection in the mitochondrial genome of H. thessalica and that the substitution rate is elevated compared to that of H. pomatia. A lack of hybrids that combine the mtDNA of H. thessalica with a mainly (>46%) H. pomatia genomic background indicates that the nuclear‐encoded mitochondrial proteins of H. pomatia are not well adapted to the more rapidly evolving proteins and RNAs encoded by the mitochondrion of H. thessalica. The presumed reduction of fitness of hybrids with the fast‐evolving mtDNA of H. thessalica and a high H. pomatia ancestry, similar to ‘Darwin's Corollary to Haldane's rule’, resulted in a relative loss of H. pomatia nuclear ancestry compared to H. thessalica ancestry in the hybrid zone. This probably prevents the H. thessalica populations from merging quickly with the surrounding H. pomatia populations and supports the hypothesis that incompatibilities between rapidly evolving mitochondrial genes and nuclear genes contribute to speciation.
Competition for nutrient niches within the apple blossom microbiota antagonizes the initiation of fire blight infection
Authors: Lee Seung Yeup , Roh Eunjung , Kim Sang Guen , Kong Hyun Gi 
Published: July 2024

Summary

Changes in the plant microbiota composition are intimately associated with the health of the plant, but factors controlling the microbial community in flowers are poorly understood. In this study, we used apple flowers and fire blight as a model system to investigate the effects of floral microbiota and microbial competition on disease development and suppression.

To compare changes in microbial flora with the RNA expression patterns of plants, the flower samples were collected in three different flowering stages (Bud, Popcorn, and Full‐bloom). Using advanced sequencing technology, we analyzed the data and conducted both in vitro and in vivo experiments to validate our findings.

Our results show that the Erwinia amylovora use arabinogalactan, which is secreted on the flowers, for early colonization of apple flowers. Pantoea agglomerans was more competitive for arabinogalactan than E. amylovora. Additionally, P. agglomerans suppressed the expression of virulence factors of E. amylovora by using arabinose, which is a major component of arabinogalactan, which induces virulence gene expression.

The present data provide new insights into developing control strategies for diverse plant diseases, including fire blight, by highlighting the importance of nutrients in disease development or suppression.
Using three‐dimensional geometric morphometry for facial analysis in patients with the oculo‐auriculo‐vertebral spectrum
Authors: Poláčková Petra , Borovec Jiří , Vašáková Jana , Patzelt Matěj , Urbanová Wanda , Mihulová Michaela , Macek Milan , Havlovicová Markéta , Moslerová Veronika 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimTo utilize three‐dimensional (3D) geometric morphometry for visualization of the level of facial asymmetry in patients with the oculo‐auriculo‐vertebral spectrum (OAVS).Materials and MethodsThree‐dimensional facial scans of 25 Czech patients with OAVS were processed. The patients were divided into subgroups according to Pruzansky classification. For 13 of them, second 3D facial scans were obtained. The 3D facial scans were processed using geometric morphometry. Soft tissue facial asymmetry in the sagittal plane and its changes in two time spots were visualized using colour‐coded maps with a thermometre‐like scale.ResultsIndividual facial asymmetry was visualized in all patients as well as the mean facial asymmetry for every Pruzansky subgroup. The mean colour‐coded maps of type I and type IIA subgroups showed no differences in facial asymmetry, more pronounced asymmetry in the middle and the lower facial third was found between type IIA and type IIB (maximum 1.5 mm) and between type IIB and type III (maximum 2 mm). The degree of intensity facial asymmetry in affected middle and lower facial thirds did not change distinctly during the two time spots in all subgroups.ConclusionsThe 3D geometric morphometry in OAVS patients could be a useful tool for objective facial asymmetry assessment in patients with OAVS. The calculated colour‐coded maps are illustrative and useful for clinical evaluation.
Inquiry for the mistaken and confused
Authors: Falbo Arianna 
Published: July 2024

AbstractVarious philosophers have recently defended norms of inquiry which forbid inquiry into questions which lack true answers. I argue that these norms are overly restrictive, and that they fail to capture an important relationship between inquiry and our position as non‐ideal epistemic agents. I defend a more flexible and forgiving norm: Epistemic Improvement. According to this norm, inquiry into a question is permissible only if it's not rational for one to be sure that by inquiring one won't improve epistemically upon the question. This norm illuminates the significant role that inquiry plays in our lives, given our epistemic nonideality, and it also motivates a robust understanding of the value of inquiry, as encompassing epistemic improvements which go beyond figuring out the answers to questions.
Region‐specific gene expression profile in the epididymis of high‐ and low‐fertile dromedary camels
Authors: Rashad Dina E. M. , Ibrahim Sally , El‐Sokary Mohamed M. M. , Mahmoud Karima Gh. M. , Kandiel Mohamed M. M. , Abou El‐Roos Mahmoud E. A. , Sosa Gamal A. M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe scenario of the fertile spermatozoa with high fertilizing capability is basically dependent on gene expression‐based epididymal function. The current investigation aimed to declare the varied expression of different candidate genes (PLA2G4D, LCN15, CLUAP1, SPP1, AQP12B, DEFB110 and ESR1) relevant to spermatozoa features between the different epididymal segments in the mature dromedary camels (n = 30). Scrotal contents were collected post‐slaughtering, during the breeding season and the epididymis was separated from the testicles and divided into three segments (caput, corpus and cauda) based on its morphology and anatomical characteristics. Epididymal spermatozoa were harvested from each epididymal portion and evaluated for motility, count, viability and morphology. Samples were grouped depending on their epididymal sperm cells features into high‐fertile (n = 15) and low‐fertile (n = 15) groups. The gene expression of the candidate genes was defined in the isolated RNA from each epididymal portion tissue. The segmental sperm motion and count were significantly (p < .05 and p < .01) higher in the three epididymal parts of high‐fertile camels than the lower ones. There were some candidate genes markedly up‐regulated in its expression in epididymal head of high‐fertile camels (PLA2G4D and LCN15) and low fertile (CLUAP1), while others in the body region of the high‐fertile group (SPP1, AQP12B and DEFB110). Nevertheless, ER1 did not differ in the expression among the epididymal segments. In conclusion, the variant expression patterns of these epididymal genes in relation to the regional spermatozoa features might suggest important roles of these genes in sperm maturation process in the epididymis and focusing more interest on their potential utility as markers for male camel fertility prediction.
Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and transonychial water loss (TOWL) measurements in healthy nail apparatus
Authors: Szymoniak‐Lipska Marta , Dańczak‐Pazdrowska Aleksandra , Lipski Adam , Korecka Katarzyna , Żaba Ryszard , Polańska Adriana 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundAlthough non‐invasive diagnostic methods are widely used to examine the nail apparatus (NA), studies in healthy ones are scarce, and analyzes were often conducted in small groups. In the literature, there are only a few reports on TOWL measurements. The results of TEWL studies in the proximal nailfold have not been published so far.Materials and MethodsBased on a detailed interview and physical examination, 81 volunteers (40 women and 41 men) aged from 22 to 65 years were qualified for the study. In this study, the overall examination of the NA in relation to water loss was performed for the first time, regarding the hand (d, dominant; n, non‐dominant) and finger types (number, start of count from thumbs) as well as sex and age.ResultsThe average TEWL value in the entire group ranged from 7.53 c.u. in the finger nd4 to 11.09 c.u. in nd1. Both in the dominant and non‐dominant hand, in the entire analyzed group, and taking into account gender, weak statistically significant relationships were observed between the finger type value and TEWL (p < 0.05).The TEWL values were lower moving away from the thumb, The average TOWL value in the entire group ranged from 5.01 c.u. in d1 to 7.34 c.u. in d5. Both in the dominant and non‐dominant hand, in the entire analyzed group and considering gender, statistically significant relationships were observed between the type of finger and TOWL values (p < 0.05). The TOWL values were higher moving away from the thumb. Subsequently, the values of TOWL and TEWL did not depend on type of hand (dominant or non‐dominant), sex and age. Weak and moderate statistically significant correlations were found between TEWL and TOWL values in the entire study group and in females, as well as in selected fingers in males (d2, nd2, d3, nd3, d5, nd5) (p < 0.05, r < 0.27).ConclusionNon‐invasive diagnostics such TEWL and TOWL measurements are useful to assess differences in structure and function between types of fingers. However, obtained results demand further studies.
How altruism works during a pandemic: Examining the roles of financial support and degrees of individual altruism on international remittance
Authors: Nakamura Nobuyuki , Suzuki Aya 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWhile the importance of international remittances has been recognised globally, understanding how public subsidies and the degree of individual altruism affect remittance behaviour remains limited. Although international remittances were predicted to decline drastically in the early stages of the COVID‐19 pandemic, remittance data proved that they were ultimately resilient to the anticipated negative shock of 2020. Potential reasons include altruistic motivations among migrants and economic stimulus programmes in large economies; however, a detailed investigation from a micro‐perspective is lacking and urgently needed. This study examines the impact of financial support in host and home countries and individual altruism on international remittances using unique data from foreign care workers in Japan. Our panel data estimation shows that emergency cash transfers from the host country positively affected migrant remittance amounts; however, no crowding‐out effects were observed due to subsidies from home governments. The heterogeneous analysis also reveals that highly altruistic remitters were more likely to send money home after receiving cash transfers in the host country. The results support the claims of international organisations that the resilience of remittances was supported by altruism and public financial support during the pandemic.
The argument for two‐handed cataract surgery in veterinary ophthalmology
Authors: Hsu Kimberly , da Silva Enry Garcia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDespite access to contemporary phacoemulsification technology and the strong shift to two‐handed nucleofractis techniques in human medicine, a one‐handed, single incision approach has persisted among Diplomates of the American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists. The perpetuation of techniques such as bowl‐sculpting one‐handed phacoemulsification in veterinary medicine is multifactorial; it is likely associated with the lack of two‐handed training in residency programs, the challenges of learning on complex cases, the ease of teaching one‐handed versus two‐handed techniques to a resident, and the lack of specific instrumentation available designed for larger lens size, among other factors. Additionally, variation in globe and palpebral fissure size in veterinary patients complicates the training of cataract surgery. Finally, many mentors or mentors' mentors, were trained alongside previous generations of MD surgeons who performed bowl sculpting techniques during the transition from extracapsular cataract extraction to phacoemulsification, and understandably, are not comfortable teaching a two‐handed technique consistently. The authors have observed an unwillingness to convert from one‐handed to two‐handed technique in the post‐residency career for most veterinary ophthalmologists; this could be due to the high expectations becoming a specialist, especially when the stakes are as high as in phacoemulsification. Therefore, the authors advocate for hands‐on training in multiple nucleofractis techniques, including two‐handed methods during residency training. Simply put, if residents are not trained and comfortable with two‐handed techniques by the end of residency, they are less likely to make further changes later in their career. In this article, we aim to explore the proposed rates of one‐handed versus two‐handed mentors currently teaching veterinary phacoemulsification, the history of cataract surgery, and to discuss the benefits of two‐handed nucleofractis techniques. The authors will also illustrate and provide videos as well as some tools for veterinary ophthalmologists wishing to learn two‐handed techniques.
A MRSA mystery: how PBP4 and cyclic-di-AMP join forces against β-lactam antibiotics
Authors: Gardner Taylor M. , Grosser Melinda R. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

The high-level resistance to next-generation β-lactams frequently found in
Staphylococcus aureus
isolates lacking
mec
, which encodes the transpeptidase PBP2a traditionally associated with methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA), has remained incompletely understood for decades. A new study by Lai et al. found that the co-occurrence of mutations in
pbp4
and
gdpP
, which respectively cause increased PBP4-mediated cell wall crosslinking and elevated cyclic-di-AMP levels, produces synergistic β-lactam resistance rivaling that of PBP2a-producing MRSA (L.-Y. Lai, N. Satishkumar, S. Cardozo, V. Hemmadi, et al., mBio 15:e02889-23. 2024,
https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.02889-23
). The combined mutations are sufficient to explain the high-level β-lactam resistance of some
mec-
lacking strains, but the mechanism of synergy remains elusive and an avenue for further research. Importantly, the authors establish that co-occurrence of these mutations leads to antibiotic therapy failure in a
Caenorhabditis elegans
infection model. These results underscore the need to consider this unique and novel β-lactam resistance mechanism during the clinical diagnosis of MRSA, rather than relying on
mec
as a diagnostic.
Effects of insonification on repairing the renal injury of diabetic nephropathy rats
Authors: Xiao Xinfang , Wu Liu , Deng Juan , Li Junfen , Zhou Yiqing , He Sicheng , Li Faqi , Wang Yan 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionProlonged hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus can result in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and increase the susceptibility to kidney failure. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is a non-invasive modality that has demonstrated effective tissue repair capabilities. The objective of this study was to showcase the reparative potential of LIPUS on renal injury at both animal and cellular levels, while also determining the optimal pulse length (PL).Research design and methodsWe established a rat model of DN, and subsequently subjected the rats’ kidneys to ultrasound irradiation (PL=0.2 ms, 10 ms, 20 ms). Subsequently, we assessed the structural and functional changes in the kidneys. Additionally, we induced podocyte apoptosis and evaluated its occurrence following ultrasound irradiation.ResultsFollowing irradiation, DN rats exhibited improved mesangial expansion and basement membrane thickening. Uric acid expression increased while urinary microalbumin, podocalyxin in urine, blood urea nitrogen, and serum creatinine levels decreased (p<0.05). These results suggest that the optimal PL was 0.2 ms. Using the optimal PL further demonstrated the reparative effect of LIPUS on DN, it was found that LIPUS could reduce podococyte apoptosis and alleviate kidney injury. Metabolomics revealed differences in metabolites including octanoic acid and seven others and western blot results showed a significant decrease in key enzymes related to lipolysis (p<0.05). Additionally, after irradiating podocytes with different PLs, we observed suppressed apoptosis (p<0.05), confirming the optimal PL as 0.2 ms.ConclusionsLIPUS has been demonstrated to effectively restore renal structure and function in DN rats, with an optimal PL of 0.2 ms. The mechanism underlying the alleviation of DN by LIPUS is attributed to its ability to improve lipid metabolism disorder. These findings suggest that LIPUS may provide a novel perspective for future research in this field.
Assessing the rates of false-positive ovarian cancer screenings and surgical interventions associated with screening tools: a systematic review
Authors: Silverwood Sierra M , Backer Grant , Galloway Annie , Reid Katrina , Jeter Anna , Harrison Margo 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveEarly detection of ovarian cancer can improve patient outcomes; however, screening tests can yield false-positive results, leading to unnecessary surgical interventions. This systematic review explores the prevalence of false-positive ovarian cancer screenings and subsequent unnecessary surgical interventions.Methods and analysisFive databases were searched in March 2023 and again in March 2024, encompassing primary literature published between 2003 and 2024. Data collection focused on studies reporting the number of surgical interventions resulting from a false-positive screening result. Studies were categorized by patient risk (average vs high). Studies lacking screening or surgical intervention data, those in which the screening did not directly influence surgical decisions, or those not in English were excluded.ResultsOf the 12 papers included, the majority were cohort studies (75%) based in the USA (66%). The primary screening methods included Cancer antigen 125 and transvaginal ultrasound scanning. Patients were stratified by risk, with four studies focused on high-risk populations and eight in average-risk populations. The false-positive and surgical screening rates exhibited significant variability, regardless of risk (0.1%–23.3% and 0%–54.9%, respectively). Complications associated with unnecessary surgical interventions, such as perforation, blood loss and bowel injury, were only reported in four studies. No studies examined the effect these interventions had on patients’ quality of life or directly reported the associated costs of these interventions.ConclusionThis review highlights the significant variability in ovarian cancer screening results, which lead to unnecessary and invasive surgical procedures causing complications such as perforation, blood loss and bowel injury.