bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studying the legacy of second-chance adult education in Flanders
Authors: Vandenabeele Joke 
Published: August 2024

Every year, third-year bachelor students participating in a course on adult education at the University of Leuven (Belgium) conduct an interview with adult educators working within a particular setting of adult education, such as civic integration courses, detention education, etc. In this article, we elaborate on one particular case, viz., adult educators working in second-chance education for adults who still want to obtain their secondary diploma. We show how their profession as an adult educator can become a common concern for both third bachelor students of educational sciences and for adult educators in second-chance adult education celebrating in 2021 their 40 years of existence in Flanders. This means that our analysis in this article will also show how a university can become a place where their daily professional practice as adult educators, viz., their ambitions and doubts, ambiguities and contradictions, can fully materialize as collective study material.
Categorizing urban avoiders, utilizers, and dwellers for identifying bird conservation priorities in a Northern Andean city
Authors: Garizábal-Carmona Jaime A. , Betancur Jefry S. , Montoya-Arango Sergio , Franco-Espinosa Laura , Mancera-Rodríguez N. Javier 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionCategorizing species according to their frequencies across urbanization levels and identifying some species traits that explain this variation could be a valuable tool for focusing conservation efforts, particularly in biodiversity hotspots with high endemism rates. This study proposes a semi-quantitative and multi-scale protocol to categorize bird species as urban avoiders, utilizers, and dwellers, based on their frequencies at different urbanization levels. Additionally, it evaluates the relationships of these categories with altitudinal ranges, trophic guilds, and foraging strata.MethodsWe performed bird counts in 124 points located within urban areas, and in 15 points located in non-urban areas of a Colombian Northern Andean city (Medellín and surroundings). Each urban point was assigned to urbanization levels based on 200, 500, and 1,000 m buffers categorized as high (67–100% of built cover), moderate (34–66% of built cover), or low (0–33% of built cover).ResultsWe categorized 103 bird species: 49 as urban avoiders, 31 as urban utilizers, and 23 as urban dwellers. The two recorded Colombian endemic species and seven near-endemics were categorized as urban avoiders, with only one near-endemic species categorized as an urban utilizer (the other three were data deficient). Furthermore, most bird species with exclusive Andean distribution were categorized as urban avoiders (78.57%). Urban avoiders had narrower altitudinal ranges (1,969 ± 524 m) than utilizers (2,287 ± 592m) and dwellers (2,569 ± 654m), and they had the largest proportion of frugivorous and frugivorous-insectivorous species, while urban dwellers had a greater proportion of omnivorous species. Overall, bird species with exclusive Andean distribution and narrow altitudinal ranges are the most threatened by urban sprawl, irrespective of their trophic guild or foraging strata.DiscussionThis study emphasizes the importance of protecting native forest remnants in urban surroundings for conserving native Andean bird species, as urban green spaces in high-density cities may not sufficiently support their long-term survival and reproduction. Also, it highlights the need to identify conservation priorities based on local biodiversity patterns, taking into account that species-specific urban tolerance depends on particular landscape dynamics and species regional pools.
Infection Rates and Characterisation of Rickettsia africae (Rickettsiaceae) Detected in Amblyomma Species from Southern Africa
Authors: Smit Andeliza , Mulandane Fernando C. , Wójcik Stephané H. , Malabwa Choolwe , Sili Gourgelia , Mandara Stephen , Vineer Hannah Rose , Dlamkile Zinathi , Stoltsz Wilhelm H. , Morar-Leather Darshana , Makepeace Benjamin L. , Neves Luis 
Published: August 2024

Tick-borne rickettsioses are considered among the oldest known vector-borne zoonotic diseases. Among the rickettsiae, Rickettsia africae is the most reported and important in Africa, as it is the aetiological agent of African tick bite fever (ATBF). Studies describing the prevalence of R. africae in southern Africa are fragmented, as they are limited to small geographical areas and focused on Amblyomma hebraeum and Amblyomma variegatum as vectors. Amblyomma spp. ticks were collected in Angola, Mozambique, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe during the sampling period from March 2020 to September 2022. Rickettsia africae was detected using the ompA gene, while characterisation was conducted using omp, ompA, ompB and gltA genes. In total, 7734 Amblyomma spp. ticks were collected and were morphologically and molecularly identified as Amblyomma eburneum, A. hebraeum, Amblyomma pomposum and A. variegatum. Low levels of variability were observed in the phylogenetic analysis of the R. africae concatenated genes. The prevalence of R. africae ranged from 11.7% in South Africa to 35.7% in Zambia. This is one of the largest studies on R. africae prevalence in southern Africa and highlights the need for the inclusion of ATBF as a differential diagnosis when inhabitants and travellers present with flu-like symptoms in the documented countries.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation for ALS: An integrative review
Authors: Firmino de Souza João Vinícius , Mariano Neto Antônio , Dantas Carlos Letícia , Gurgel Pereira Negreiros Maria Helena , Da Costa Carlos Paulo Henrique , Medeiros Gastão Costa Mateus Henrique , Holanda Ledycnarf Januario de 
Published: August 2024

Introduction. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a rare progressive neurological disease that affects neurons responsible for voluntary movements and the symptoms get worse over time. One of the assessment and treatment tools is transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), which is a non-invasive alternative for the electric stimulation of neural tissue, with this stimulation some specific neuro-receptors can be excited. Current literature shows several benefits of TMS as therapy and diagnosis for patients with ALS. Objective. To investigate the applicability of TMS for diagnosing and treating ALS. Method. An integrative review was carried out in which relevant articles were identified by searching the following databases: SCiELO, PubMed, PEDro, and Scopus from April 2020 to September 2020. The authors selected the relevant articles according to the pre-established criteria. Results. Database search found 26,602 articles, 4 were included due to meeting the inclusion criteria. Among the selected articles, 2 refer to diagnostic proposals, while the others present TMS as a tool for treatment. Studies have shown promising results regarding the effect of TMS on the assessment and treatment of ALS. Conclusions. Our results show a significant progress of TMS as an innovative and effective therapy and diagnosis of ALS.
Achieving Excellence in Cloud-Based E-Learning Systems: Exploring Quality Factors and Benefits
Authors: Alterkait Mariam A. , Alharbi Zahyah H. , Alduaij Manal Y. 
Published: August 2024

Purpose: This study examines the effectiveness and advantages of cloud-based e-learning platforms in Kuwait, integrating concepts from Information System Success Model (ISSM) and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). It investigates the impact of system quality (SQ), service quality (SRQ), and information quality (IQ) in cloud computing (CC) on user satisfaction (SAT), perceived ease of use (PEOU), and perceived usefulness (PU). Furthermore, it examines how PEOU and usefulness affect SAT and the role of SAT in mediating benefits. Study design/methodology/approach: Survey data were used to analyze relationships in 15 hypotheses using SmartPLS structural equation modelling. Sample and data: The empirical data were gathered from a sample of 221 college students. Results: The analysis revealed that several hypotheses were rejected, including SRQ on SAT, PU, and PEOU, which were found to be insignificant. Similarly, IQ did not exhibit a significant effect on SAT and PU, yet it did have an impact on PEOU. Consequently, it was found that the SAT only mediates the relationship between SQ and benefits. The study further explores potential explanations for these insignificant findings. Originality/value: Despite limited research on cloud computing learning platforms, this study sheds light on the intricate dynamics among these variables and the overall benefits of such platforms in Kuwait.Research limitations/implications: The unexpected insignificant relationships, such as SRQ, suggest practical implications, including the need to re-evaluate the providers’ approaches to customer service. Using services that are more tailored to specific contexts may be beneficial. The timing and context of the study could limit its generalizability.
Plasma simulation of HF plasma generated in dual-frequency chamber for high aspect ratio dielectric etching
Authors: Takagi Shigeyuki , Hsiao Shih-Nan , Ma Chih-Yu , Sekine Makoto , Matsunaga Fumihiko 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
For the 3D NAND memory hole with a high aspect ratio above 100, the etching process with hydrogen-fluoride (HF) contained plasmas has been proposed. We have developed a simulation model for gas-phase reactions that reproduces the HF plasma in experiments. The HF plasma was generated using a power supply of 100 MHz frequency, and electron and F densities were measured. The simulation model was constructed on the basis of the collision cross sections and reaction constants reported in the previous papers, and the F density in the simulation was calibrated by comparing it with that in the experiments. As a result of the plasma simulation, the densities of F and the electrons were determined to be 7.52 × 1016 m–3 and 8.50 × 1016 m–3, respectively. Taking into consideration the errors in the experiment, we considered that the simulation model is able to reproduce the experimental HF plasma well.
Observation of ferroelectric domains in BaTiO3 by synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction topography
Authors: Ohwada Kenji , Machida Akihiko 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
X-ray diffraction topography was used to observe two distinct ferroelectric domains in BaTiO3. The use of highly-parallel X-rays and a high-resolution detector with approximately 200 nm resolution enabled us to successfully characterize two distinct domains, each with sizes of the order of 10 μm. Along with the local rocking curve of the bulk crystal, we generated width maps corresponding to crystal properties including defects and, strain. This information is beneficial for understanding domain behavior, and the measurement system can be expected to become a powerful tool for in situ measurements of processes requiring domain control.
The study of propagation characteristics of the millimeter-wave vortex in magnetized plasma by using the FDTD method
Authors: Wang Chenxu , Kawaguchi Hideki , Nakamura Hiroaki , Kubo Shin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
It is pointed out that the millimeter-wave vortex may contribute to an efficient method of plasma heating since it was found that the millimeter-wave vortex can propagate in magnetized plasma even in which the normal plane wave is in cut-off condition. Then, it was assumed that the vortex field was the Laguerre–Gaussian (L–G) mode which is a free-space solution, but the generation and stable propagation of the L–G mode vortex are not easy in the millimeter frequency range. On the other hand, it is known that the millimeter-wave hybrid mode of the cylindrical corrugated waveguide also has vortex properties. In this paper, we investigate the propagation characteristics of a millimeter-wave vortex of a hybrid mode of a cylindrical corrugated waveguide in the magnetized plasma by using three-dimensional numerical simulations with the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. It is found that the millimeter-wave vortex of hybrid mode also can propagate in the magnetized plasma even in a condition in which the normal plane wave is in cut-off condition, and the propagation power in the plasma is highly dependent on the topological charge l.
Investigation of the activation and diffusion of ion-implanted p-type and n-type dopants in germanium using high-pressure annealing
Authors: Kuo Tai-Chen , Lee Wen-Hsi , Current Michael Ira 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this study, we investigate the effectiveness of high-pressure annealing (HPA) compared to microwave annealing (MWA) in activating n-type and p-type dopants in germanium. For phosphorus dopants, HPA at 500 °C significantly enhances the activation level, resulting in a reduction of sheet resistance to 120.1 ohms sq.−1 and a maximum active concentration of up to 5.76 × 1019 P cm−3. Similarly, for boron dopants, HPA at 800 °C reduces the sheet resistance to 80.6 ohms sq.−1 and achieves a maximum active concentration that maintains effective doping profiles. Transmission electron microscopy images reveal that the amorphous layers implanted with phosphorus and boron are significantly reduced, indicating that HPA is more effective in achieving solid-phase epitaxial regrowth compared to MWA. HPA demonstrates superior performance in minimizing dopant diffusion and reducing sheet resistance for both phosphorus and boron dopants, making it a preferable method for high-temperature annealing in germanium-based devices.
IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA AS A RISK FACTOR FOR DENTAL PULP DISEASES: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW
Authors: Santos Bárbara Sttephanny Silveira , Arevalo Andres Camilo Campo , Jesus Oliver Renê Viana de , Bertoldi Anna Karolliny Costa , Alves Larissa Yruscka Gonçalves , Souza Emilly de Carvalho Melo , Oliveira Alexia de Santana , Neto Domingos Alves dos Anjos 
Published: August 2024

Iron deficiency anemia is characterized by reduced blood capacity to transport oxygen due to insufficient iron, an essential component of hemoglobin. This condition can have various implications for oral health, including dental pulp health. The human body must balance physiological, nutritional, and environmental factors to maintain optimal functioning. Iron salts react with gingival crevicular fluid and subgingival bacterial metabolites, staining teeth. Iron supplements typically have a highly acidic pH compromising dental enamel microhardness and increasing the risk of cavities. However, the severity of the damage varies depending on supplement acidity, frequency, duration, and method of administration. This article aims to conduct a comprehensive literature search to investigate the association between iron deficiency anemia and oral health issues with pulp pathology aspects as the focus of the study. To sustain an integrative literature review, articles published in English from the databases PubMed, Wiley Library, Science Direct and Scholar Google were examined. Iron deﬁciency anemia is a contributing factor to the higher incidence of post-endodontic pain. Some studies indicate other results suggesting that iron has a cariostatic effect on dental decay.
Adenocarcinoma de reto
Authors: Silva Romulo Sousa da , Araújo Tiago da Rocha , Santos Marcos Vinícius Almeida , Oliveira Davi Balica de , Pires Wesley Soares , Freitas Davi Crispim Vergine de , Bitencourt Caio Álvares , Oliveira Mariana Quirino de , Vitor Mirelly Alves , Góes Ana Carolina Bezerra , Silva Vanessa Hallich França da , Santos Beatriz de Castro Barbosa dos , Cordeiro Gustavo Del Campo , Mattos Pedro Henrique Nascimento , Egger Pedro Augusto Rizzo , Pinheiro Maria Fernanda Inocente Messias , Castro João Gabriel Melo Gram , Faleiro Luis Eduardo Coutinho , Dias Ellen Nogueira de Carvalho 
Published: August 2024

Cerca de 30% a 40% dos casos de câncer colorretal são de adenocarcinoma de reto, que é o tipo mais prevalente dessa doença A maioria das pessoas afetadas tem mais de 50 anos, embora pessoas mais jovens também estejam sendo afetadas com mais frequência Histórico familiar de câncer colorretal, doenças inflamatórias intestinais, consumo elevado de carnes vermelhas e processadas, obesidade, sedentarismo, uso de álcool e tabagismo são fatores de risco
Do ponto de vista patológico, as células epiteliais glandulares que revestem a mucosa retal são a origem do adenocarcinoma de reto Geralmente, uma série de alterações genéticas e epigenéticas causa displasia, seguida pela formação de adenomas, que podem, eventualmente, levar a um câncer agressivo. Os genes APC, KRAS, TP53 e a via de sinalização Wnt são aqueles com as mutações mais frequentes Essas mudanças resultam em proliferação celular descontrolada, evasão da apoptose e potencial invasivo, o que permite que as células cancerígenas se espalhem para tecidos próximos e, em estágios mais avançados, para órgãos distantes como o fígado e os pulmões
A paciente do caso em análise, recebeu o diagnóstico após os 50 anos, cujo tumor apresentava espessamento parietal circunferencial com extensão de 32 mm acometendo o reto médio e inferior, distando cerca de 78 mm da borda anal com discreta extensão para gordura mesorretal e aparente acometimento vascular local. Foi submetida à radioterapia e quimioterapia, bem como à abordagem cirúrgica.
Em suma, compreender as vias moleculares que fundamentam o adenocarcinoma de reto é crucial para formular abordagens terapêuticas mais eficazes. Estas podem envolver uma combinação de técnicas cirúrgicas, quimioterapia, radioterapia e, em certas situações, medicamentos direcionados que dependem da composição genética do tumor. Melhorar o prognóstico e a sobrevida dos pacientes requer detecção precoce e manejo adequado.
Role of gut microbiota in Crohn’s disease pathogenesis: Insights from fecal microbiota transplantation in mouse model
Authors: Wu Qiang , Yuan Lian-Wen , Yang Li-Chao , Zhang Ya-Wei , Yao Heng-Chang , Peng Liang-Xin , Yao Bao-Jia , Jiang Zhi-Xian 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND
Inflammatory bowel disease, particularly Crohn’s disease (CD), has been associated with alterations in mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT) and the phenomenon termed “creeping fat”. Histopathological evaluations showed that MAT and intestinal tissues were significantly altered in patients with CD, with these tissues characterized by inflammation and fibrosis.
AIM
To evaluate the complex interplay among MAT, creeping fat, inflammation, and gut microbiota in CD.
METHODS
Intestinal tissue and MAT were collected from 12 patients with CD. Histological manifestations and protein expression levels were analyzed to determine lesion characteristics. Fecal samples were collected from five recently treated CD patients and five control subjects and transplanted into mice. The intestinal and mesenteric lesions in these mice, as well as their systemic inflammatory status, were assessed and compared in mice transplanted with fecal samples from CD patients and control subjects.
RESULTS
Pathological examination of MAT showed significant differences between CD-affected and unaffected colons, including significant differences in gut microbiota structure. Fetal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from clinically healthy donors into mice with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced CD ameliorated CD symptoms, whereas FMT from CD patients into these mice exacerbated CD symptoms. Notably, FMT influenced intestinal permeability, barrier function, and levels of proinflammatory factors and adipokines. Furthermore, FMT from CD patients intensified fibrotic changes in the colon tissues of mice with TNBS-induced CD.
CONCLUSION
Gut microbiota play a critical role in the histopathology of CD. Targeting MAT and creeping fat may therefore have potential in the treatment of patients with CD.
Responsible remembering: The role of metacognition, forgetting, attention, and retrieval in adaptive memory
Authors: Murphy Dillon H. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In our everyday lives, we must remember important information, especially if there are consequences for forgetting. In this review, I discuss recent work on responsible remembering: the strategic and effortful prioritization of important information with consequences for forgetting. Thus far, research regarding responsible remembering has revealed several key factors and mechanisms that work together to enhance memory for important information that will continue to be refined: the identification and selection of what to remember (metacognitive reflectivity), the forgetting of less important information to facilitate memory for items that do need to be remembered (responsible forgetting), the functional prioritization of attention at the expense of competing factors (responsible attention), and the selective recall of important information via efficient retrieval strategies (responsible retrieval). Together, these functions form a cohesive system that aims to selectively prioritize, encode, and recall information that is deemed important based on its anticipated utility or the consequences of forgetting, and considering the importance of information may be a critical memory adaptation as we age. Specifically, if younger and older adults learn to self-assess and prioritize important information that has negative consequences if forgotten, engage in strategic forgetting, efficiently allocate their attentional resources, and utilize effective retrieval operations, memory for said important information can be enhanced.
DAVOS: Dwarf Active Galactic Nuclei from Variability for the Origins of Seeds: Properties of Variability-selected Active Galactic Nuclei in the COSMOS Field and Expectations for the Rubin Observatory
Authors: Burke Colin J. , Liu Yichen , Ward Charlotte A. , Liu Xin , Natarajan Priyamvada , Greene Jenny E. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We study the black hole mass–host galaxy stellar mass relation, M
BH–M
*, of a sample of z < 4 optically variable active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in the COSMOS field. The parent sample of 491 COSMOS AGNs were identified by optical variability from the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program (HSC-SSP) program. Using publicly available catalogs and spectra, we consolidate their spectroscopic redshifts and estimate virial black hole masses using broad-line widths and luminosities. We show that variability searches with deep, high-precision photometry like the HSC-SSP can identity AGNs in low-mass galaxies up to z ∼ 1. However, their black holes are more massive given their host galaxy stellar masses than predicted by the local relation for active galaxies. We report that z ∼ 0.5–4 variability-selected AGNs are meanwhile more consistent with the M
BH–M
* relation for local inactive early-type galaxies. This result is in agreement with most previous studies of the M
BH–M
* relation at similar redshifts and indicates that AGNs selected from variability are not intrinsically different from the broad-line Type 1 AGN population at similar luminosities. Our results demonstrate the need for robust black hole and stellar mass estimates for intermediate-mass black hole candidates in low-mass galaxies at similar redshifts to anchor this scaling relation. Assuming that these results do not reflect a selection bias, they appear to be consistent with self-regulated feedback models wherein the central black hole and stars in galaxies grow in tandem.