bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Bilingual Switching Advantage: Sometimes Related to Bilingual Proficiency, Sometimes Not
Authors: Tao Lily , Taft Marcus , Gollan Tamar H. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis study investigated the relationship between bilingualism and task switching ability using a standardized measure of switching and an objective measure of bilingual language proficiency. Heritage Language (HL) speaking Spanish-English and Mandarin-English bilinguals and English speaking monolinguals completed all four subtests of the Color-Word Interference Test (CWIT), an English verbal fluency task, and a picture naming test (the Multilingual Naming Test) in English. Bilinguals also named pictures in their HL to assess HL proficiency. Spanish-English bilinguals were advantaged in task switching, exhibiting significantly smaller switching cost than monolinguals, but were disadvantaged in verbal fluency and picture naming. Additionally, performance on these cognitive and linguistic tasks was related to degree of HL proficiency, so that increased ability to name pictures in Spanish was associated with greater switching advantage, and greater disadvantage in both verbal fluency and picture naming. Mandarin-English bilinguals, who differed from the Spanish-English bilinguals on several demographic and language-use characteristics, exhibited a smaller but statistically significant switching advantage, but no linguistic disadvantage, and no clear relationship between HL proficiency and the switching advantage. Together these findings demonstrate an explicit link between objectively measured bilingual language proficiency and both bilingual advantages and disadvantages, while also showing that consequences of bilingualism for cognitive and linguistic task performance can vary across different language combinations. (JINS, 2015, 21, 531–544)
Analyzing the Effect of Capillary Force on Vibrational Performance of the Cantilever of an Atomic Force Microscope in Tapping Mode with Double Piezoelectric Layers in an Air Environment
Authors: Nahavandi Amir , Korayem Moharam Habibnejad 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to determine the effects of forces exerted on the cantilever probe tip of an atomic force microscope (AFM). These forces vary according to the separation distance between the probe tip and the surface of the sample being examined. Hence, at a distance away from the surface (farther than don), these forces have an attractive nature and are of Van der Waals type, and when the probe tip is situated in the range of a0≤dts≤don, the capillary force is added to the Van der Waals force. At a distance of dts≤a0, the Van der Waals and capillary forces remain constant at intermolecular distances, and the contact repulsive force repels the probe tip from the surface of sample. The capillary force emerges due to the contact of thin water films with a thickness of hc which have accumulated on the sample and probe. Under environmental conditions a layer of water or hydrocarbon often forms between the probe tip and sample. The capillary meniscus can grow until the rate of evaporation equals the rate of condensation. For each of the above forces, different models are presented. The smoothness or roughness of the surfaces and the geometry of the cantilever tip have a significant effect on the modeling of forces applied on the probe tip. Van der Waals and the repulsive forces are considered to be the same in all the simulations, and only the capillary force is altered in order to evaluate the role of this force in the AFM-based modeling. Therefore, in view of the remarkable advantages of the piezoelectric microcantilever and also the extensive applications of the tapping mode, we investigate vibrational motion of the piezoelectric microcantilever in the tapping mode. The cantilever mentioned is entirely covered by two piezoelectric layers that carry out both the actuation of the probe tip and the measuringof its position.
Mutations in NLRP5 are associated with reproductive wastage and multilocus imprinting disorders in humans
Authors: Docherty Louise E. , Rezwan Faisal I. , Poole Rebecca L. , Turner Claire L. S. , Kivuva Emma , Maher Eamonn R. , Smithson Sarah F. , Hamilton-Shield Julian P. , Patalan Michal , Gizewska Maria , Peregud-Pogorzelski Jaroslaw , Beygo Jasmin , Buiting Karin , Horsthemke Bernhard , Soellner Lukas , Begemann Matthias , Eggermann Thomas , Baple Emma , Mansour Sahar , Temple I. Karen , Mackay Deborah J. G. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractHuman-imprinting disorders are congenital disorders of growth, development and metabolism, associated with disturbance of parent of origin-specific DNA methylation at imprinted loci across the genome. Some imprinting disorders have higher than expected prevalence of monozygotic twinning, of assisted reproductive technology among parents, and of disturbance of multiple imprinted loci, for which few causative trans-acting mutations have been found. Here we report mutations in NLRP5 in five mothers of individuals affected by multilocus imprinting disturbance. Maternal-effect mutations of other human NLRP genes, NLRP7 and NLRP2, cause familial biparental hydatidiform mole and multilocus imprinting disturbance, respectively. Offspring of mothers with NLRP5 mutations have heterogenous clinical and epigenetic features, but cases include a discordant monozygotic twin pair, individuals with idiopathic developmental delay and autism, and families affected by infertility and reproductive wastage. NLRP5 mutations suggest connections between maternal reproductive fitness, early zygotic development and genomic imprinting.
Irreversibly increased nitrogen fixation in Trichodesmium experimentally adapted to elevated carbon dioxide
Authors: Hutchins David A. , Walworth Nathan G. , Webb Eric A. , Saito Mak A. , Moran Dawn , McIlvin Matthew R. , Gale Jasmine , Fu Fei-Xue 
Published: September 2015

AbstractNitrogen fixation rates of the globally distributed, biogeochemically important marine cyanobacterium Trichodesmium increase under high carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in short-term studies due to physiological plasticity. However, its long-term adaptive responses to ongoing anthropogenic CO2 increases are unknown. Here we show that experimental evolution under extended selection at projected future elevated CO2 levels results in irreversible, large increases in nitrogen fixation and growth rates, even after being moved back to lower present day CO2 levels for hundreds of generations. This represents an unprecedented microbial evolutionary response, as reproductive fitness increases acquired in the selection environment are maintained after returning to the ancestral environment. Constitutive rate increases are accompanied by irreversible shifts in diel nitrogen fixation patterns, and increased activity of a potentially regulatory DNA methyltransferase enzyme. High CO2-selected cell lines also exhibit increased phosphorus-limited growth rates, suggesting a potential advantage for this keystone organism in a more nutrient-limited, acidified future ocean.
Observation of intervalley quantum interference in epitaxial monolayer tungsten diselenide
Authors: Liu Hongjun , Chen Jinglei , Yu Hongyi , Yang Fang , Jiao Lu , Liu Gui-Bin , Ho Wingking , Gao Chunlei , Jia Jinfeng , Yao Wang , Xie Maohai 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe extraordinary electronic structures of monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides, such as the spin–valley-coupled band edges, have sparked great interest for potential spintronic and valleytronic applications based on these two-dimensional materials. In this work, we report the experimental observation of quasi-particle interference patterns in monolayer WSe2 using low-temperature scanning tunnelling spectroscopy. We observe intervalley quantum interference involving the Q valleys in the conduction band due to spin-conserving scattering processes, while spin-flipping intervalley scattering is absent. Our results establish unequivocally the presence of spin–valley coupling and affirm the large spin splitting at the Q valleys. Importantly, the inefficient spin-flipping scattering implies long valley and spin lifetime in monolayer WSe2, which is a key figure of merit for valley-spintronic applications.
Settling time of a vibrational wavepacket in ionization
Authors: Nabekawa Yasuo , Furukawa Yusuke , Okino Tomoya , Amani Eilanlou A. , Takahashi Eiji J. , Yamanouchi Kaoru , Midorikawa Katsumi 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe vibrational wavepacket of a diatomic molecular ion at the time of ionization is usually considered to be generated on the basis of the Franck–Condon principle. According to this principle, the amplitude of each vibrational wavefunction in the wavepacket is given by the overlap integral between each vibrational wavefunction and the ground vibrational wavefunction in the neutral molecule, and hence, the amplitude should be a real number, or equivalently, a complex number the phase of which is equal to zero. Here we report the observation of a non-trivial phase modulation of the amplitudes of vibrational wavefunctions in a wavepacket generated in the ground electronic state of a "Equation missing" molecular ion at the time of ionization. The phase modulation results in a group delay of the specific vibrational states of order 1 fs, which can be regarded as the settling time required to compose the initial vibrational wavepacket.
High-resolution gridded population datasets for Latin America and the Caribbean in 2010, 2015, and 2020
Authors: Sorichetta Alessandro , Hornby Graeme M. , Stevens Forrest R. , Gaughan Andrea E. , Linard Catherine , Tatem Andrew J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe Latin America and the Caribbean region is one of the most urbanized regions in the world, with a total population of around 630 million that is expected to increase by 25% by 2050. In this context, detailed and contemporary datasets accurately describing the distribution of residential population in the region are required for measuring the impacts of population growth, monitoring changes, supporting environmental and health applications, and planning interventions. To support these needs, an open access archive of high-resolution gridded population datasets was created through disaggregation of the most recent official population count data available for 28 countries located in the region. These datasets are described here along with the approach and methods used to create and validate them. For each country, population distribution datasets, having a resolution of 3 arc seconds (approximately 100 m at the equator), were produced for the population count year, as well as for 2010, 2015, and 2020. All these products are available both through the WorldPop Project website and the WorldPop Dataverse Repository.
A resource from 3D electron microscopy of hippocampal neuropil for user training and tool development
Authors: Harris Kristen M. , Spacek Josef , Bell Maria Elizabeth , Parker Patrick H. , Lindsey Laurence F. , Baden Alexander D. , Vogelstein Joshua T. , Burns Randal 
Published: September 2015

AbstractResurgent interest in synaptic circuitry and plasticity has emphasized the importance of 3D reconstruction from serial section electron microscopy (3DEM). Three volumes of hippocampal CA1 neuropil from adult rat were imaged at X-Y resolution of ~2 nm on serial sections of ~50–60 nm thickness. These are the first densely reconstructed hippocampal volumes. All axons, dendrites, glia, and synapses were reconstructed in a cube (~10 μm3) surrounding a large dendritic spine, a cylinder (~43 μm3) surrounding an oblique dendritic segment (3.4 μm long), and a parallelepiped (~178 μm3) surrounding an apical dendritic segment (4.9 μm long). The data provide standards for identifying ultrastructural objects in 3DEM, realistic reconstructions for modeling biophysical properties of synaptic transmission, and a test bed for enhancing reconstruction tools. Representative synapses are quantified from varying section planes, and microtubules, polyribosomes, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and endosomes are identified and reconstructed in a subset of dendrites. The original images, traces, and Reconstruct software and files are freely available and visualized at the Open Connectome Project (Data Citation 1).
PI4K-beta and MKNK1 are regulators of hepatitis C virus IRES-dependent translation
Authors: Lupberger Joachim , Casanova Claudia , Fischer Benoit , Weiss Amelie , Fofana Isabel , Fontaine Nelly , Fujiwara Toshinobu , Renaud Mickael , Kopp Arnaud , Schuster Catherine , Brino Laurent , Baumert Thomas F. , Thoma Christian 
Published: September 2015

AbstractCellular translation is down-regulated by host antiviral responses. Picornaviridae and Flaviviridae including hepatitis C virus (HCV) evade this process using internal ribosomal entry sequences (IRESs). Although HCV IRES translation is a prerequisite for HCV replication, only few host factors critical for IRES activity are known and the global regulator network remains largely unknown. Since signal transduction is an import regulator of viral infections and the host antiviral response we combined a functional RNAi screen targeting the human signaling network with a HCV IRES-specific reporter mRNA assay. We demonstrate that the HCV host cell cofactors PI4K and MKNK1 are positive regulators of HCV IRES translation representing a novel pathway with a functional relevance for the HCV life cycle and IRES-mediated translation of viral RNA.
The Cardiomyopathy Lamin A/C D192G Mutation Disrupts Whole-Cell Biomechanics in Cardiomyocytes as Measured by Atomic Force Microscopy Loading-Unloading Curve Analysis
Authors: Lanzicher Thomas , Martinelli Valentina , Puzzi Luca , Del Favero Giorgia , Codan Barbara , Long Carlin S. , Mestroni Luisa , Taylor Matthew R. G. , Sbaizero Orfeo 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAtomic force microscopy (AFM) cell loading/unloading curves were used to provide comprehensive insights into biomechanical behavior of cardiomyocytes carrying the lamin A/C (LMNA) D192G mutation known to cause defective nuclear wall, myopathy and severe cardiomyopathy. Our results suggested that the LMNA D192G mutation increased maximum nuclear deformation load, nuclear stiffness and fragility as compared to controls. Furthermore, there seems to be a connection between this lamin nuclear mutation and cell adhesion behavior since LMNA D192G cardiomyocytes displayed loss of AFM probe-to-cell membrane adhesion. We believe that this loss of adhesion involves the cytoskeletal architecture since our microscopic analyses highlighted that mutant LMNA may also lead to a morphological alteration in the cytoskeleton. Furthermore, chemical disruption of the actin cytoskeleton by cytochalasin D in control cardiomyocytes mirrored the alterations in the mechanical properties seen in mutant cells, suggesting a defect in the connection between the nucleoskeleton, cytoskeleton and cell adhesion molecules in cells expressing the mutant protein. These data add to our understanding of potential mechanisms responsible for this fatal cardiomyopathy and show that the biomechanical effects of mutant lamin extend beyond nuclear mechanics to include interference of whole-cell biomechanical properties.
Segmented molecular design of self-healing proteinaceous materials
Authors: Sariola Veikko , Pena-Francesch Abdon , Jung Huihun , Çetinkaya Murat , Pacheco Carlos , Sitti Metin , Demirel Melik C. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractHierarchical assembly of self-healing adhesive proteins creates strong and robust structural and interfacial materials, but understanding of the molecular design and structure–property relationships of structural proteins remains unclear. Elucidating this relationship would allow rational design of next generation genetically engineered self-healing structural proteins. Here we report a general self-healing and -assembly strategy based on a multiphase recombinant protein based material. Segmented structure of the protein shows soft glycine- and tyrosine-rich segments with self-healing capability and hard beta-sheet segments. The soft segments are strongly plasticized by water, lowering the self-healing temperature close to body temperature. The hard segments self-assemble into nanoconfined domains to reinforce the material. The healing strength scales sublinearly with contact time, which associates with diffusion and wetting of autohesion. The finding suggests that recombinant structural proteins from heterologous expression have potential as strong and repairable engineering materials.
Dose-volume factors associated with ear disorders following intensity modulated radiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Yao Ji-Jin , Zhou Guan-Qun , Lin Li , Zhang Wang-Jian , Peng Ying-Lin , Chen Lei , Tang Ling-Long , Mao Yan-Ping , Ma Jun , Sun Ying 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis study is to identify significant dosimetric parameters for ear disorders in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients treated with intensity modulated therapy only. Ninety-seven patients with NPC were retrospectively reviewed. Organs at risk (OARs) in the auditory apparatus were contoured. Dose–volume histogram parameters were generated for the Eustachian tube (ET), tympanic cavity (TC), mastoid air cells, vestibular apparatus, cochlea and internal auditory canal (IAC). Ear disorders were rated 0 (none), 1 (mild) or 2 (severe) by a clinician blinded to radiation doses; Grade 2 ear disorders was the study end-point. Multivariate analysis revealed ET.D30 (dose to 30% of ET volume) >52.75 Gy and M.D0.5CC (dose to 0.5 ml of mastoid volume) >41.04 Gy (OR = 3.77, P = 0.012 and OR = 1.27, P = 0.033, respectively) were associated with Grade 2 ear disorders. Our results demonstrated that post-irradiation ear disorders remain a common late toxicity in NPC after IMRT. ET.D30 and M.D0.5CC should be considered during IMRT treatment plan optimization, review and approval.
Super-resolution mapping of glutamate receptors in C. elegans by confocal correlated PALM
Authors: Vangindertael Jeroen , Beets Isabel , Rocha Susana , Dedecker Peter , Schoofs Liliane , Vanhoorelbeke Karen , Hofkens Johan , Mizuno Hideaki 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPhotoactivated localization microscopy (PALM) is a super-resolution imaging technique based on the detection and subsequent localization of single fluorescent molecules. PALM is therefore a powerful tool in resolving structures and putative interactions of biomolecules at the ultimate analytical detection limit. However, its limited imaging depth restricts PALM mostly toin vitroapplications. Considering the additional need for anatomical context when imaging a multicellular organism, these limitations render the use of PALM in whole animals difficult. Here we integrated PALM with confocal microscopy for correlated imaging of theC. elegansnervous system, a technique we termed confocal correlated PALM (ccPALM). The neurons, lying below several tissue layers, could be visualized up to 10 μm deep inside the animal. By ccPALM, we visualized ionotropic glutamate receptor distributions inC. eleganswith an accuracy of 20 nm, revealing super-resolution structure of receptor clusters that we mapped onto annotated neurons in the animal. Pivotal to our results was the TIRF-independent detection of single molecules, achieved by genetic regulation of labeled receptor expression and localization to effectively reduce the background fluorescence. By correlating PALM with confocal microscopy, this platform enables dissecting biological structures with single molecule resolution in the physiologically relevant context of whole animals.
Inhibitory effects of magnolol and honokiol on human calcitonin aggregation
Authors: Guo Caiao , Ma Liang , Zhao Yudan , Peng Anlin , Cheng Biao , Zhou Qiaoqiao , Zheng Ling , Huang Kun 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAmyloid formation is associated with multiple amyloidosis diseases. Human calcitonin (hCT) is a typical amyloidogenic peptide, its aggregation is associated with medullary carcinoma of the thyroid (MTC) and also limits its clinical application. Magnolia officinalis is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine; its two major polyphenol components, magnolol (Mag) and honokiol (Hon), have displayed multiple functions. Polyphenols like flavonoids and their derivatives have been extensively studied as amyloid inhibitors. However, the anti-amyloidogenic property of a biphenyl backbone containing polyphenols such as Mag and Hon has not been reported. In this study, these two compounds were tested for their effects on hCT aggregation. We found that Mag and Hon both inhibited the amyloid formation of hCT, whereas Mag showed a stronger inhibitory effect; moreover, they both dose-dependently disassembled preformed hCT aggregates. Further immuno-dot blot and dynamic light scattering studies suggested Mag and Hon suppressed the aggregation of hCT both at the oligomerization and the fibrillation stages, while MTT-based and dye-leakage assays demonstrated that Mag and Hon effectively reduced cytotoxicity caused by hCT aggregates. Furthermore, isothermal titration calorimetry indicated Mag and Hon both interact with hCT. Together, our study suggested a potential anti-amyloidogenic property of these two compounds and their structure related derivatives.
Clusters in sedimentation equilibrium for an experimental hard-sphere-plus-dipolar Brownian colloidal system
Authors: Newman Hugh D. , Yethiraj Anand 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this work, we use structure and dynamics in sedimentation equilibrium, in the presence of gravity, to examine, via confocal microscopy, a Brownian colloidal system in the presence of an external electric field. The zero field equation of state (EOS) is hard sphere without any re-scaling of particle size and the hydrodynamic corrections to the long-time self-diffusion coefficient are quantitatively consistent with the expected value for hard spheres. Care is taken to ensure that both the dimensionless gravitational energy, which is equivalent to a Peclet number Peg and dipolar strength Λ are of order unity. In the presence of an external electric field, anisotropic chain-chain clusters form; this cluster formation manifests itself with the appearance of a plateau in the diffusion coefficient when the dimensionless dipolar strength Λ ~ 1. The structure and dynamics of this chain-chain cluster state is examined for a monodisperse system for two particle sizes.
Stable magnesium peroxide at high pressure
Authors: Lobanov Sergey S. , Zhu Qiang , Holtgrewe Nicholas , Prescher Clemens , Prakapenka Vitali B. , Oganov Artem R. , Goncharov Alexander F. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractRocky planets are thought to comprise compounds of Mg and O as these are among the most abundant elements, but knowledge of their stable phases may be incomplete. MgO is known to be remarkably stable to very high pressure and chemically inert under reduced condition of the Earth’s lower mantle. However, in exoplanets oxygen may be a more abundant constituent. Here, using synchrotron x-ray diffraction in laser-heated diamond anvil cells, we show that MgO and oxygen react at pressures above 96 GPa and T = 2150 K with the formation of I4/mcm MgO2. Raman spectroscopy detects the presence of a peroxide ion (O22−) in the synthesized material as well as in the recovered specimen. Likewise, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy confirms that the recovered sample has higher oxygen content than pure MgO. Our finding suggests that MgO2 may be present together or instead of MgO in rocky mantles and rocky planetary cores under highly oxidized conditions.