bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeting Pathogenic Postischemic Self-Recognition by Natural IgM to Protect Against Posttransplantation Cardiac Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Atkinson Carl , Qiao Fei , Yang Xiaofeng , Zhu Peng , Reaves Nicholas , Kulik Liudmila , Goddard Martin , Holers V. Michael , Tomlinson Stephen 
Published: February 2015

Background—
Natural IgM antibodies represent a class of innate pattern recognition receptors that recognize danger-associated molecular patterns expressed on stressed or dying cells. They play important roles in tissue homeostasis by disposing of prenecrotic cells and suppressing inflammation. However, ischemic insult leads to a pathogenic level of IgM binding and complement activation, resulting in inflammation and injury. We investigate the role of self-reactive IgM in the unique setting of transplantation where the donor organ undergoes both cold and warm ischemia and global ischemic insult.

Methods and Results—
By transplanting hearts from wild-type donor mice into antibody-deficient mice reconstituted with specific self-reactive IgM monoclonal antibodies, we identified neoepitopes expressed after transplantation and demonstrated a key role for IgM recognition of these epitopes in graft injury. With this information, we developed and characterized a therapeutic strategy that exploited the postischemia recognition system of natural antibodies. On the basis of neoepitope identification, we constructed an anti–annexin IV single-chain antibody (scFv) and an scFv linked to Crry, an inhibitor of C3 activation (scFv-Crry). In an allograft transplantation model in which recipients contain a full natural antibody repertoire, both constructs blocked graft IgM binding and complement activation and significantly reduced graft inflammation and injury. Furthermore, scFv-Crry specifically targeted to the transplanted heart and, unlike complement deficiency, did not affect immunity to infection, an important consideration for immunosuppressed transplant recipients.

Conclusions—
We identified pathophysiologically important epitopes expressed within the heart after transplantation and described a novel translatable strategy for targeted complement inhibition that has several advantages over currently available approaches.
Some Pitfalls of the Semiempirical Method Used to Project Sea Level
Authors: Orlić Mirko , Pasarić Zoran 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Three variants of the semiempirical method for sea level projection are considered. They differ in assuming that the response of sea level to temperature forcing is equilibrium, inertial, or a combination of the two. All variants produce a successful regression of the temperature and sea level data, albeit with controlling parameters that differ among the cases. The related response times vary considerably, with a realistic value (~50 yr) obtained only if both the equilibrium and the inertial dynamics are taken into account. A comparison of sea levels projected by using the three variants shows that the time series are similar through the middle of the twenty-first century but they radically diverge by the end of the twenty-third century. This result is interpreted with the aid of the underlying transfer functions. It suggests that one should be cautious when using the semiempirical method to project sea level beyond the twenty-first century.
Phase Speed Cross Spectra of Eddy Heat Fluxes in the Eastern Pacific
Authors: Abernathey Ryan , Wortham Cimarron 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis study investigates the observed spectral character of eddy heat fluxes near the ocean surface, focusing on the distribution in wavenumber and phase speed space. Eddy heat fluxes in the eastern Pacific are calculated from concurrent satellite sea surface height and sea surface temperature data. A high-resolution coupled climate model is also analyzed in order to verify the physical mechanisms involved and to validate the model against observations. Wavenumber, frequency, and phase speed power spectra and cross spectra are constructed and presented as a function of latitude. These spectra reveal the dominance of coherent mesoscale eddies in both the length scale and phase speed of eddy heat fluxes. The breadths of the spectra are characterized via spectral moments; these moments show that the eddy fluxes are relatively concentrated around the dominant wavenumber and phase speed. Good agreement is found between the model and the observed spectra. The integrated heat transport and corresponding eddy diffusivity are shown to compare well with previous studies, but the results give a deeper insight into what determines the heat flux. Implications for eddy parameterization are discussed.
After a Decade Are Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Gale Force Wind Radii Forecasts Now Skillful?
Authors: Knaff John A. , Sampson Charles R. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe National Hurricane Center (NHC) has a long history of forecasting the radial extent of gale force or 34-knot (kt; where 1 kt = 0.51 m s−1) winds for tropical cyclones in their area of responsibility. These are referred to collectively as gale force wind radii forecasts. These forecasts are generated as part of the 6-hourly advisory messages made available to the public. In 2004, NHC began a routine of postanalysis or “best tracking” of gale force wind radii that continues to this day. At approximately the same time, a statistical wind radii forecast, based solely on climatology and persistence, was implemented so that NHC all-wind radii forecasts could be evaluated for skill. This statistical wind radii baseline forecast is also currently used in several applications as a substitute for or to augment NHC wind radii forecasts. This investigation examines the performance of NHC gale force wind radii forecasts in the North Atlantic over the last decade. Results presented within indicate that NHC’s gale force wind radii forecasts have increased in skill relative to the best tracks by several measures, and now significantly outperform statistical wind radii baseline forecasts. These results indicate that it may be time to reinvestigate whether applications that depend on wind radii forecast information can be improved through better use of NHC wind radii forecast information.
Unfair Methods of Competition under FTC § 5: Beyond the Sherman Act and an Ex Post Model of Enforcement
Authors: Peritz Rudolph J.R. 
Published: February 2015

The Federal Trade Commission is an agency that is independent of the executive branch but not of the judiciary. Although the courts have recognized expansive Commission authority, they have too often applied Sherman Act standards as if the Commission were the Antitrust Division. Three Commission losses from the 1980s retain undue influence although both the times and the Commission have changed. Unlike the Antitrust Division, the Commission has a mandate to push past the antitrust laws. Its institutional advantage lies in investigation and innovation, not in enforcement ex post. Its mission is to work at the cutting edge of economic theory, to engage in research and development of competition policy at the forefront of changing commercial circumstances. The article intends, first, to defuse the lingering in terrorem effects of the 1980s decisions and, second, to propose six initiatives for a bold Commission. Everything proceeds from the view that the Commission under section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act should enjoin conduct that is likely to displace the process of competition on the merits without legitimate business justification.
Correlates of electroencephalographic resting states and erythrocyte membrane docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acid levels in individuals at ultra-high risk of psychosis
Authors: Lavoie Suzie , Whitford Thomas J , Benninger Franz , Feucht Martha , Kim Sung-Wan , Klier Claudia M , McNamara Robert K , Rice Simon , Schäfer Miriam R , Amminger G Paul 
Published: February 2015

Objective: Abnormal levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been reported in individuals suffering from schizophrenia. The main aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between erythrocyte membrane fatty acid levels and resting-state brain activity occurring in individuals at ultra-high risk (UHR) of psychosis. Method: The association between erythrocyte membrane fatty acids levels and resting-state brain activity and its value in predicting psychosis was examined in 72 UHR individuals. Results: In the frontal area, the activity in the fast frequency band Beta2 was positively associated with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels (R = 0.321, P = 0.017), and in the fronto-central area, Beta2 activity showed a positive correlation with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) levels (R = 0.305, P = 0.009), regardless of psychosis transition status. Conversely, the slow frequency band Theta was significantly negatively associated with EPA levels in the parieto-occipital region (R = −0.251, P = 0.033. Results also showed that Alpha power was negatively correlated with DHA levels in UHR individuals who did not transition to psychosis, while this correlation was not present in individuals who later transitioned. Conclusion: Our results suggest that individuals at UHR for psychosis who have higher basal omega-3 fatty acids levels present with resting EEG features associated with better states of alertness and vigilance. Furthermore, the improvement in the Alpha synchrony observed along with increased DHA levels in participants who did not transition to psychosis is disturbed in those who did transition. However, these interesting results are limited by the small sample size and low statistical power of the study.
Advancing the ‘One Health’ workforce by integrating ecosystem health practice into veterinary medical education: The Envirovet Summer Institute
Authors: Schwind Jessica S , Gilardi Kirsten VK , Beasley Val R , Mazet Jonna AK , Smith Woutrina A 
Published: February 2015

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to assess whether the Envirovet programme served to increase the number of practising ecosystem health professionals, as well as to measure the lasting professional and personal impact of the programme on participants. Design: Impact programme evaluation. Setting: An emerging strategy among global health programmes is to promote ‘One Health’ – namely, the understanding that human, animal and environmental health are inextricably linked – as a unifying framework of coordinated education, research and practice. Established in 1991, the Envirovet Summer Institute was created to increase worldwide knowledge and capacity of veterinary medicine students and practitioners to support ecosystem health as a critical component of the One Health approach. Method: A semi-structured questionnaire was electronically administered to past programme participants. Results: The majority of respondents (65 of 88, 74%) indicated that they had held an ecosystem health employment position since their participation in Envirovet. The reach of Envirovet went beyond participants’ own experiences, by influencing local organisations, programmes, colleagues, family and friends. Furthermore, Envirovet reportedly inspired past participants to make environmentally conscious lifestyle choices and spurred them to make changes professionally, including guiding on-the-job decisions and strengthening network contacts. Conclusion: Envirovet offers an established example of One Health training. Additional educational programmes might usefully include One Health principles coupled to a comparable evaluation plan to establish a larger, more comprehensively trained and increasingly effective global health workforce.
The Evolution of Law Enforcement Attitudes to Recording Custodial Interviews
Authors: Sullivan Thomas P. 
Published: February 2015

Year in and year out, in criminal trials throughout the country, trial court judges and juries listen to police and defendants testify to conflicting versions of what occurred when the defendants—then suspects—were brought to the stationhouse and questioned about their alleged participation in crimes. Detectives conduct stationhouse interviews of persons arrested on suspicion of committing crimes in rooms set aside for that purpose. Most suspects are without funds to retain lawyers, and agree to proceed without legal representation. Later, after the suspects are indicted and have lawyers appointed, questions are presented about what occurred: Were the required Miranda warnings given at the outset? Were the suspects' requests for lawyers ignored? Were coercive tactics used? What was actually said and done behind those closed doors? A movement is underway throughout the country to adopt a readily available and inexpensive method of putting an end to these disputes: making electronic recordings of the events that occur during the interrogations. Law enforcement agencies throughout the country have begun to install electronic equipment, audio, video or both, to produce recordings of the entire sessions. Recordings of custodial interrogations almost always yield an incontestable record of what was said and done. They are therefore becoming recognized as a major improvement, which leads to more accurate and just results, and cost savings to all concerned. As a result, an increasing number of state legislatures have been enacting laws, and state supreme courts have begun issuing rulings which either require or strongly urge that electronic recordings be made of custodial interviews in major felony investigations.
Far from Home, But at Home: Indian Migrant Workers in the Iranian Oil Industry
Authors: Atabaki Touraj 
Published: February 2015

This article revisits the life and times of Indian migrant workers in Persia/Iran during the first half of the twentieth century, and discusses their contributions to the founding, development and eventual consolidation of the Persian/Iranian oil industry. A number of factors that shaped this experience are investigated. They include the geographic and ethno-religious origins of Indian labourers; the policies adopted by the oil company (APOC), labour agencies and the Government of India to recruit workers and regulate their working conditions and terms of contract; and the lived experience of the workers once they were hired and began working in the Persian/Iranian oil industry. Across nearly half a century, Indian workers in the Persian/Iranian oil industry faced a variety of labour experiences ranging from coerced recruitment as indentured workers during wartime, to wage labour with a negotiated contract and protection under colonial labour laws. I will discuss how these workers responded to the various recruitment policies, the demanding working conditions and labour discipline imposed on them, their remuneration and wage-structures, and their living conditions and housing situation. Records of the lengthy presence of Indian workers in the oil industry provide us with numerous stories of contestation, resistance and negotiations for better working and living conditions. Ultimately, the story of Indian migrant workers is also a story of accommodating within an emerging multinational corporation. I situate the history of migrant labour agencies within the framework of colonial labour practices. By examining the workers’ encounter with multiple class, ethnic and territorial identities, I survey the changing relations of both solidarity and discord between Indian migrant workers and indigenous Iranian workers.2
Towards Adivasi Studies: New Perspectives on ‘Tribal’ Margins of Modern India
Authors: Chandra Uday 
Published: February 2015

Daniel J. Rycroft and Sangeeta Dasgupta (eds), The Politics of Belonging in India: Becoming Adivasi. Routledge, Abingdon and New York, 2011, xvii + 238 pp., $112.57 (hbk). Sanjukta Das Gupta and Raj Sekhar Basu (eds), Narratives from the Margins: Aspects of Adivasi History in India. Primus Books, New Delhi, 2012, 312 pp., INR 995. Crispin Bates and Alpa Shah (eds), Savage Attack: Tribal Insurgency in India. Social Science Press, New Delhi, 2014, 306 pp., INR 725.
A Negative Correlation Between Blood Glucose and Acetone Measured in Healthy and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Patient Breath
Authors: Rydosz Artur 
Published: February 2015

Background: Exhaled acetone analysis has long been recognized as a supplementary tool for diagnosis and monitoring diabetes, especially type 1 diabetes. It is essential, therefore to determine the relationship between exhaled acetone concentration and glucose in blood. Usually, a direct linear correlation between this both compounds has been expected. However, in some cases we can observe a reverse correlation. When blood glucose was increasing, breath acetone declined. Methods: The breath analysis as a supplementary tool for diagnosing and monitoring diabetes makes sense only in case of utilization of portable analyzers. This need has created a market for gas sensors. However, commercially available acetone gas sensors are developed for measuring samples at several tens part per million. The exhaled acetone concentration was measured using commercial acetone gas sensor (TGS 822, 823 Figaro, Arlington Heights, IL, USA Inc) with micropreconcentrator in low temperature cofired ceramics. The reference analyzer–mass spectrometry (HPR-20 QIC, Hiden Analytical, Warrington, UK) was used. Results: Twenty-two healthy volunteers with no history of any respiratory disease participated in the research, as did 31 patients diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. Respectively, 3 healthy volunteer and 5 type 1 diabetes mellitus subjects with reverse trend were selected. The linear fitting coefficient various from 0.1139 to 0.9573. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the correlation between blood glucose concentrations and under different conditions, for example, insulin levels, as well as correlate the results with clinical tests, for example, Hb1Ac. Conclusions: It is well known that the concentration of acetone is strongly influenced by diet, insulin treatment, and so on. Therefore, much more complex analysis with long-term measurements are required. Thus, presented results should be regarded as tentative, and validation studies with the analysis of clinical test and in a large number of patients, including control groups, need to be carried out.
Effects of 49 Different Rare Hb Variants on HbA1c Measurement in Eight Methods
Authors: Little Randie R. , La’ulu Sonia L. , Hanson Steven E. , Rohlfing Curt L. , Schmidt Robert L. 
Published: February 2015

Background: Previous studies have shown interference with HbA1c measurement from the 4 most common heterozygous Hb variants (HbAS, HbAE, HbAC, and HbAD) with some assay methods. Here we examine analytical interference from 49 different less common variants with 7 different HbA1c methods using various method principles. Methods: Hb variants were screened using the Bio-Rad Variant or Variant II beta thal short program, confirmed by alkaline and acid electrophoresis, and identified by sequence analysis. The Trinity ultra2 boronate affinity high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method and Roche Tinaquant immunoassay were used as primary and secondary comparative methods, respectively, since these methods are least likely to show interference from Hb variants. Other methods included were the Tosoh G7 and G8, Bio-Rad D-10 and Variant II Turbo, Diazyme Enzymatic, and Sebia Capillarys 2 Flex Piercing. To eliminate any inherent calibration bias, results for each method were adjusted using regression verses the ultra2 with nonvariant samples. Each method’s calibration-adjusted results were compared and judged to be acceptable if within the 99% prediction interval of the regression line for nonvariant samples. Results: Almost all variant samples were recognized as such by the ion-exchange HPLC methods by the presence of abnormal peaks or results outside the reportable range. For most variants, interference was seen with 1 or more of the ion-exchange methods. Following manufacturer instructions for interpretation of chromatograms usually, but not always, prevented reporting of inaccurate results. Results: Laboratories must be cautious about reporting results when the presence of a variant is suspected.
Impaired thymic expression of tissue-restricted antigens licenses the de novo generation of autoreactive CD4+ T cells in acute GVHD
Authors: Dertschnig Simone , Hauri-Hohl Mathias M. , Vollmer Madeleine , Holländer Georg A. , Krenger Werner 
Published: February 2015

Key Points
Loss of thymic ectopic self-antigen expression during murine acute GVHD is responsible for the de novo generation of autoreactive T cells. Functional impairment of the thymus medulla mechanistically links acute GVHD to posttransplantation autoimmunity.
Cooperative emergency braking warning system in vehicular networks
Authors: Tsai Ming-Fong , Chao Yung-Cheng , Chen Lien-Wu , Chilamkurti Naveen , Rho Seungmin 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Safety applications in vehicular networks have been popular research topics in recent years, such as forward collision warning, emergency braking warning and intersection collision warning systems. The basic safety message broadcast from each car transmits the position, car speed and car heading information. Neighbouring cars receiving this information can decide if there is any danger within the next second. However, the safety application message has positioning accuracy and time-critical problems. Accurate positioning of the car provides a more effective warning to the driver. Moreover, the reliable and efficient delivery of safety information needs to be improved when the penetration rate increases. Hence, this paper proposes a cooperative emergency braking warning system to solve the above problems. This is a system that integrates a camera sensor to construct the state of neighbourhood cars in order to solve the first problem. It then proposes to reduce the repeat and derivable information between the broadcast messages in order to solve the second problem. The proposed system has been implemented to provide a safer driving environment.
Locus of control and the labor market
Authors: Cobb-Clark Deborah A 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis paper reviews the role of locus of control in the labor market. I begin with a discussion of the conceptual origins of locus of control, including its relationship to related concepts such as self-efficacy, motivation, and self-control. The relationship between locus of control and labor market success is then summarized. In doing so, I pay careful attention to what we know about three potential mechanisms – human capital investments, hiring decisions, and optimal incentive contracts – through which locus of control might operate. Finally, the broader implications of these relationships for public policy and future research are discussed.