bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entre mémoire lettrée et vécu institutionnel : La compilation de nawāzil dans le grand Touat (Algérie) aux XVIIIe et XIXe siècles
Authors: Warscheid Ismail 
Published: February 2014

Résumé
Zone de frontière et de passage entre le Maghreb et l’Afrique de l’Ouest, l’archipel oasien du grand Touat dans l’extrême sud de l’Algérie se développe à l’époque moderne comme un des grands pôles de l’érudition musulmane dans l’espace sahélo-saharien. Son essor est lié aux activités savantes d’un collectif de lettrés autochtones, issus d’un réseau de zaouïas dont les contours s’esquissent aux XVIe et XVIIe siècles. Notre principale source pour sonder ces milieux d’ulémas ksouriens est une série de recueils de jurisprudence (nawāzil ; ajwiba) qui ont été colligés grosso modo entre 1750 et 1850. L’article se propose de restituer le processus de la genèse de ces corpus selon une double optique. D’un côté, la compilation jurisprudentielle contribue à forger une mémoire lettrée dont la transcription moyennant le recours à un genre littéraire canonique assure précisément aux maîtres oasiens une inscription dans le champ intellectuel plus vaste de la Tradition malikite. De l’autre, elle participe à la formation d’une mémoire institutionnelle de la justice islamique dans les oasis. C’est dire que la collecte des traces de l’agir juridico-normatif des ulémas locaux ainsi que la constitution consécutive de cet amas de traditions en un certain nombre d’ouvrages de référence relèvent autant de la fabrication d’une archive sous forme littéraire, que de l’élaboration de cadres analytiques indispensables à la mobilisation de cette documentation empirique dans les conjonctures litigieuses du présent.
Climate Change Turn in the Regional Development Strategies of an Arctic Region, Case Finnish Lapland
Authors: Mettiainen Ilona 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Natural areas and resources form the basis for many regional economies in the Arctic. Natural conditions, including climate, have been considered stable on human timescales and taken as starting points in regional development work – until recently. During the past few years the notion of a changing climate with various ecological and socio-economic impacts has made its way also to regional development strategies. Despite the common perception of climate change as completely devastating for the whole Arctic, the effects can be regionally differentiated.
This article discusses regional development related strategic planning as a forum and tool for addressing climate change. This is carried out by empirically examining the emergence of climate change as an important trend or factor in the development programmes of one region in the Arctic, Finnish Lapland, mid-1990s onwards. The review sets a background for the ways how climate change is thought to affect Lapland’s economy and society in the future, as presented in the region’s recently published Climate Change Strategy 2030. Climate change, nowadays regarded as an important trend affecting the region’s future, is expected to bring along new opportunities for Lapland and change the strategic position of the region to a more favourable one also in wider political and economic sense.
Regional development related strategic planning can, in some politicoadministrational cultures such as in Finland, serve well as a context for climate change adaptation, but the task to promote regional development can lead to less emphasis on global environmental concern and more on ensuring the auspicious development in the region.
The Arctic Search and Rescue Agreement: Text, Framing and Logics
Authors: Wood-Donnelly Corine 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The 2011 ‘Agreement on Cooperation on Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue in the Arctic’ (henceforth SAR Agreement) is the first instrument of hard law produced by the eight states of the Arctic Council. While the agreement ostensibly addresses search and rescue related issues for the Arctic region, it is capable of being understood in a variety of legal, political and cultural contexts. Three elements are teased out in particular – the SAR Agreement as a legal policy document, as indicative of evolving Arctic international relations, and as indicative of particular geopolitical logics. As the paper concludes, however, the SAR Agreement has not been entirely free of political intrigue.
The International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling and International Whaling Commission – Conservation or Preservation – Can the Gordian Knot be Cut (or Untangled)?
Authors: Fitzmaurice Malgosia 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This article analyses the developments in the implementation of the 1946 International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling. It first considers the historical background of the Convention and discusses the shortcomings of the Whaling Convention; then focuses on how various types of whaling covered by the Convention developed according to the changes in attitudes of states – parties to the Whaling Convention along the development of international law and international environmental law. The article covers the developments in commercial whaling; aboriginal (subsistence) whaling; and scientific whaling. It emphasises conflicts between the state-parties to the Convention and also in this context analysis the role of the International Whaling Commission. The complex and conflicting issues concerning whaling are not only of legal but political, cultural and ethical nature. Therefore, it appears that that there is no easy solution to existing conflicts in the near future, as the states appear to be intransigent in their views on all types of whaling, especially scientific whaling and the possibility of the resumption of commercial whaling.
Both Muslim and European? An Inquiry into the Case of the Muslim Community in Lithuania
Authors: Račius Egdūnas 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The article analyses the Lithuanian case as an example of Muslim presence in North-Eastern Europe. The theoretical foundation of the article is Nira Yuval-Davis’ ideas found in her 2006 article “Belonging and the politics of belonging.” Nira Yuval-Davis’ outline of “an analytical framework for the study of belonging and the politics of belonging”1 has been instrumentalised in the present research on narratives of belonging and inclusion of Lithuania’s autochthonous Muslim community, the Lithuanian Tatars. Employing historical evidence and current legal framework of the governance of religion, interviews with Tatar community leaders, opinion polls and media reports, the article not only illuminates the position which the Muslim Tatar community currently occupies in Lithuania but also the place of the broader “Muslim question” in the national discourse.
Transformations of the Secular and the ‘Muslim Question’. Revisiting the Historical Coincidence of Depillarisation and the Institutionalisation of Islam in The Netherlands
Authors: Bracke Sarah 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This article revisits the ‘historical coincidence’ of the process of ‘depillarisation’ and the institutionalisation of Islam in the Netherlands. It critically considers the established Dutch narrative of pillarisation, i.e. the organisation of the social body along confessional or sectarian lines, and the way in which this historical formation of Dutch secularism is mobilised within contemporary discussions about multiculturalism. This article further explores how depillarisation accounts figure within ‘the Muslim question’ in the Netherlands. While acknowledging that depillarisation is a multidimensional concept, it engages the argument that, on a structural level, Muslim claims of recognition and institutionalisation vis-à-vis the Dutch state were crucial for the process of depillarisation. The article thus reverses the suggestion that Muslims arrived ‘too late’ in an already depillarized society, and draws attention to the constitutive role of Muslims in the ongoing process of nation-building and secularism in the Netherlands.
Two new species of the plant bug genus Sejanus Distant from Japan (Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae: Leucophoropterini), inhabiting urbanized environments or gardens
Authors: Yasunaga Tomohide , Ishikawa Tadashi , Ito Motomi 
Published: February 2014

Two new species of the plant bug genus Sejanus Distant, S. komabanus and S. vivaricolus, are described from Japan, with information on their ecology. Both species are recently confirmed within urbanized environments, including the university campus in the Tokyo metropolis, and gardens and residential quarters in Kyushu. They are considered to have been widespread originally, but their populations are now fragmented and can survive only in some restricted campuses and artificial zones where traditional vegetation is partly preserved. A checklist with known distribution and a revised key are provided for proper recognition and identification of the Japanese Sejanus species.
Two Burials of 430 B.C. in Daphne, Athens: Their Topography, and the Profession of the So-Called ‘Poet’ in Tomb 2
Authors: Lygouri-Tolia Eutychia 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe two tombs discussed in a series of articles in GRMS 1, including the so-called ‘Tomb of the Poet’ belong to the cemetery of the demos Alopeke, which bordered both sides of a street, the Astiki Odos, which led from the Diomeia gate to Sounion and the Laureotike with its mining industry. Several other tombs were uncovered along this street, which coincides in many parts with the modern Odos Vouliagmenis. The grave gifts of the alleged poet are very unusual and call for explanation. Nearly all the items shown in teaching-scenes on the famous Duris kylix can also be found in Tomb 2. Perhaps, then, the young person buried in Tomb 2 was not a poet but a teacher. But questions about the age, sex and family relationship of the two deceased persons and reason for their deaths remain open and can only be answered by DNA-Analysis of the skeletons.
The Musical Culture of the Western Greeks, according to Epigraphical Evidence
Authors: Perrot Sylvain 
Published: February 2014

AbstractInscriptions concerning musicians in and from Magna Graecia illuminate the musical life of the Western Greeks. There are chronological restrictions; all the inscriptions were written in the Hellenistic and Roman periods, none in Archaic and Classical times. We shall consider resemblances and differences between them and those of mainland Greece and Asia Minor, and relationships between Magna Graecia and Rome. Many inscriptions are honorific decrees for victors in local and Panhellenic musical contests, notably at Delphi. Others are lists of participants, whose commonest musical specialisms were also, perhaps, the most popular. Some reveal the functions of musicians in sanctuaries. Funerary inscriptions, not always evoking the music of the elites, mention composers as well as performers, identifying their gender, age and social status. Some are in verse, elucidating the Western Greeks’ conception of µουσική itself, and their poetic techniques for expressing on a stone the feelings of a musical soul.
Negotiating ‘His Master’s Voice’: Gramophone Music and Cosmopolitan Modernity in British Malaya in the 1930s and Early 1940s
Authors:   Tan Sooi Beng
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe label ‘His Master’s Voice’ (HMV) dominated the recording technology, production and distribution of 78 rpm discs in British Malaya in the 1930s and early 1940s. By analysing thelagu Melayuwhich formed a large part of the repertoire recorded by HMV, this article shows that musicians were able to decentre colonial hegemony by combining Anglo-American popular music idioms with Malay and other foreign musical elements. The new hybrid music with texts about progress was a vehicle for disseminating a form of national culturalism that advocated vernacular modernity, rooted cosmopolitanism, inclusiveness, and a broader sense of Malayness.
Preliminaries to the Critical Edition of the Judeo-Italian Translation of the Siddur
Authors: Ryzhik Michael 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This article analyzes five translations of the siddur (‘prayer book’) into Judeo-Italian. Three of the versions are manuscripts from the 15th century, one is the printed 1506 Fano edition, and the last is a manuscript from the 17th century. A common tradition underlies all of these translations and has much in common with Judeo-Provençal translations; this likely represents an ancient Judeo-Romance tradition of translation, which expresses itself differently in each manuscript. The 17th-century translation displays northern linguistic features; it is more Toscanized and normalized than the four other translations and has lost many typical traits of “classical” Judeo-Italian. The 15th-century translations also differ from one another in their spelling, phonology, morphology, vocabulary, and syntax. The main reason for this great variety seems to be the fact that the common old tradition prescribed only the general lines of translation. The biblical passages such as the Shema‘ Israel, are translated in a much more standardized way, but these passages nevertheless retain peculiarities. It therefore seems that a synoptic edition rather than a critical one must be made, in order to describe and analyze the different variations of the Judeo-Italian translations.
Auditory Coding of Human Movement Kinematics
Authors: Vinken Pia M. , Kröger Daniela , Fehse Ursula , Schmitz Gerd , Brock Heike , Effenberg Alfred O. 
Published: February 2014

Although visual perception is dominant on motor perception, control and learning, auditory information can enhance and modulate perceptual as well as motor processes in a multifaceted manner. During last decades new methods of auditory augmentation had been developed with movement sonification as one of the most recent approaches expanding auditory movement information also to usually mute phases of movement. Despite general evidence on the effectiveness of movement sonification in different fields of applied research there is nearly no empirical proof on how sonification of gross motor human movement should be configured to achieve information rich sound sequences. Such lack of empirical proof is given for (a) the selection of suitable movement features as well as for (b) effective kinetic–acoustical mapping patterns and for (c) the number of regarded dimensions of sonification. In this study we explore the informational content of artificialacoustical kinematicsin terms of a kinematic movement sonification using an intermodal discrimination paradigm. In a repeated measure design we analysed discrimination rates of six everyday upper limb actions to evaluate the effectiveness of seven different kinds of kinematic–acoustical mappings as well as short term learning effects. The kinematics of the upper limb actions were calculated based on inertial motion sensor data and transformed into seven different sonifications. Sound sequences were randomly presented to participants and discrimination rates as well as confidence of choice were analysed. Data indicate an instantaneous comprehensibility of the artificial movement acoustics as well as short term learning effects. No differences between different dimensional encodings became evident thus indicating a high efficiency for intermodal pattern discrimination for the acoustically coded velocity distribution of the actions. Taken together movement information related to continuous kinematic parameters can be transformed into the auditory domain. Additionally, pattern based action discrimination is obviously not restricted to the visual modality. Artificial acoustical kinematics might be used to supplement and/or substitute visual motion perception in sports and motor rehabilitation.
Ottoman Intermediaries in the 18th Century: Analysis of a “dirty trade”
Authors: van den Boogert Maurits H. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
According to Bernard Lewis, the Ottomans considered dealing with Westerners “the dirtiest trade of all”, the mediation in which they were happy to leave to Ottoman non-Muslims. In the study of Christian and Jewish ‘dragomans’ their contacts with Europeans tend to be emphasized, but almost all of them only worked for a particular embassy or consulate part-time—if they were in active service at all. This article will highlight the various other socio-economic activities of non-Muslim protégés of European consulates in the pre-modern period, with case studies from Aleppo. These additional enterprises, which have escaped scholarly attention until now, also show that the protégés had and generally kept close ties with their local confessional community and did not “Westernize” nearly as much as it is often assumed.
Is AMOC More Predictable than North Atlantic Heat Content?
Authors: Branstator Grant , Teng Haiyan 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Predictability properties of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) are measured and compared to those of the upper-500-m heat content in the North Atlantic based on control simulations from nine comprehensive coupled climate models. By estimating the rate at which perfect predictions from initially similar states diverge, the authors find the prediction range at which initialization loses its potential to have a positive impact on predictions. For the annual-mean AMOC, this range varies substantially from one model to another, but on average, it is about a decade. For eight of the models, this range is less than the corresponding range for heat content. For 5- and 10-yr averages, predictability is substantially greater than for annual means for both fields, but the enhancement is more for AMOC; indeed, for the averaged fields, AMOC is more predictable than heat content. Also, there are spatial patterns of AMOC that have especially high predictability. For the most predictable of these patterns, AMOC retains predictability for more than two decades in a typical model. These patterns are associated with heat content fluctuations that also have above-average predictability, which suggests that AMOC may have a positive influence on the predictability of heat content for these special structures.
Constructing a Merged Cloud–Precipitation Radar Dataset for Tropical Convective Clouds during the DYNAMO/AMIE Experiment at Addu Atoll
Authors: Feng Zhe , McFarlane Sally A. , Schumacher Courtney , Ellis Scott , Comstock Jennifer , Bharadwaj Nitin 
Published: February 2014

AbstractTo improve understanding of the convective processes key to the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) initiation, the Dynamics of the MJO (DYNAMO) and the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM) MJO Investigation Experiment (AMIE) collected 4 months of observations from three radars—the S-band dual-polarization Doppler radar (S-Pol), the C-band Shared Mobile Atmospheric Research and Teaching Radar (SMART-R), and Ka-band ARM zenith radar (KAZR)—along with radiosonde and comprehensive surface meteorological instruments on Addu Atoll, Maldives, in the tropical Indian Ocean. One DYNAMO/AMIE hypothesis suggests that the evolution of shallow and congestus cloud populations is essential to the initiation of the MJO. This study focuses on evaluating the ability of these three radars to document the full spectrum of cloud populations and to construct a merged cloud–precipitation radar dataset that can be used to test this hypothesis. Comparisons between collocated observations from the three radars show that KAZR provides the only reliable estimate of shallow clouds, while S-Pol/SMART-R can reasonably detect congestus within the 30–50-km range in addition to precipitating deep clouds. On the other hand, KAZR underestimates cloud-top heights due to rainfall attenuation in ~34% of the precipitating clouds, and an empirical method to correct KAZR cloud-top height bias is proposed. Finally, a merged KAZR–S-Pol dataset is produced to provide improved cloud-top height estimates, total hydrometeor microphysics, and radiative heating rate retrievals. With this dataset the full spectrum of tropical convective clouds during DYNAMO/AMIE can be reliably constructed and, together with complimentary radiosonde data, it can be used to study the role of shallow and congestus clouds in the initiation of the MJO.
Accuracy of Florida Current Volume Transport Measurements at 27°N Using Multiple Observational Techniques
Authors: Garcia Rigoberto F. , Meinen Christopher S. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractFor more than 30 years, the volume transport of the Florida Current at 27°N has been regularly estimated both via voltage measurements on a submarine cable and using ship-based measurements of horizontal velocity at nine historical stations across the Florida Straits. A comparison of three different observational systems is presented, including a detailed evaluation of observational accuracy and precision. The three systems examined are dropsonde (free-falling float), lowered acoustic Doppler current profiler (LADCP), and submarine cable. The accuracy of the Florida Current transport calculation from dropsonde sections, which can be determined from first principles with existing data, is shown to be 0.8 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1). Side-by-side comparisons between dropsonde and LADCP measurements are used to show that the LADCP-based transport estimates are accurate to within 1.3 Sv. Dropsonde data are often used to set the absolute mean cable transport estimate, so some care is required in establishing the absolute accuracy of the cable measurements. Used together, the dropsonde and LADCP sections can be used to evaluate the absolute accuracy and precision of the cable measurements. These comparisons suggest the daily cable observations are accurate to within 1.7 Sv, and analysis of the decorrelation time scales for the errors suggests that annual transport averages from the cable are accurate to within 0.3 Sv. The implications of these accuracy estimates for long-term observation of the Florida Current are discussed in the context of maintaining this key climate record.
The Effect of Atmospheric Water Vapor Content on the Performance of Future Wide-Swath Ocean Altimetry Measurement
Authors: Ubelmann Clement , Fu Lee-Lueng , Brown Shannon , Peral Eva , Esteban-Fernandez Daniel 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Measurement of sea surface height (SSH) over a finite swath along satellite tracks has been planned for future space missions. The effect of water vapor in the troposphere on the delay of radar signal must be corrected for in the SSH measurement. The efficacy of a nadir-looking radiometer that has been the approach for conventional altimetry is examined in the study. The focus is placed on the cross-track variability of water vapor that is not measured by the nadir-looking radiometer. Simulations of the 2D field of water vapor were performed by spectral analysis of existing radiometer data. The residual error from the application of the correction made by a nadir-looking radiometer was computed over the global ocean and compared to the SSH signal estimated from satellite altimeter data. Global maps of the signal-to-error ratio (the square root of spectral variance at wavelengths shorter than 500 km) were created, showing values of 20–50 in the regions of high SSH variability of the boundary currents and the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, and 3–5 in the regions of low SSH variability in the tropics. Improvement in the correction by using a two-beam radiometer looking off nadir for measuring the slope of the cross-track variability was also explored, leading to a reduction of the error to below 1 cm at wavelengths of 10–500 km.