bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Survey of Volumetric Illumination Techniques for Interactive Volume Rendering
Authors: Jönsson Daniel , Sundén Erik , Ynnerman Anders , Ropinski Timo 
Published: October 2013

AbstractInteractive volume rendering in its standard formulation has become an increasingly important tool in many application domains. In recent years several advanced volumetric illumination techniques to be used in interactive scenarios have been proposed. These techniques claim to have perceptual benefits as well as being capable of producing more realistic volume rendered images. Naturally, they cover a wide spectrum of illumination effects, including varying shading and scattering effects. In this survey, we review and classify the existing techniques for advanced volumetric illumination. The classification will be conducted based on their technical realization, their performance behaviour as well as their perceptual capabilities. Based on the limitations revealed in this review, we will define future challenges in the area of interactive advanced volumetric illumination.
Connective Tissue Characteristics around Healing Abutments of Different Geometries: New Methodological Technique under Circularly Polarized Light
Authors: Delgado‐Ruiz Rafael Arcesio , Calvo‐Guirado Jose Luis , Abboud Marcus , Ramirez‐Fernandez Maria Piedad , Maté‐Sánchez de Val José Eduardo , Negri Bruno , Gomez‐Moreno Gerardo , Markovic Aleksa 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPurposeTo describe contact, thickness, density, and orientation of connective tissue fibers around healing abutments of different geometries by means of a new method using coordinates.Materials and MethodsFollowing the bilateral extraction of mandibular premolars (P2,P3, andP4) from six fox hound dogs and a 2‐month healing period, 36 titanium implants were inserted, onto which two groups of healing abutments of different geometry were screwed: Group A (concave abutments) and Group B (wider healing abutment). After 3 months the animals were sacrificed and samples extracted containing each implant and surrounding soft and hard tissues. Histological analysis was performed without decalcifying the samples by means of circularly polarized light under optical microscope and a system of vertical and horizontal coordinates across all the connective tissue in an area delimited by the implant/abutment, epithelium, and bone tissue.ResultsIn no case had the connective tissue formed a connection to the healing abutment/implant in the internal zone; a space of 35 ± 10 μm separated the connective tissue fibers from the healing abutment surface. The total thickness of connective tissue in the horizontal direction was significantly greater in the medial zone in Group B than in Group A (p < .05). The orientation of the fibers varied according to the coordinate area so that internal coordinates showed a higher percentage of parallel fibers in Group A (p < .05) and a higher percentage of oblique fibers in Group B (p < .05); medial coordinates showed more oblique fibers (p < .05); and the area of external coordinates showed the highest percentage of perpendicular fibers (p < .05). The fiber density was higher in the basal and medial areas (p < .05).ConclusionsAbutment geometry influences the orientation of collagen fibers; therefore, an abutment with a profile wider than the implant platform favors oblique and perpendicular orientation of collagen fibers and greater connective tissue thickness.
Black Sea and World Wheat Market Price Integration Analysis
Authors: Goychuk Kateryna , Meyers William H. 
Published: October 2013

In 2008–10, Russia and Ukraine together exported an average of 29 million tons of wheat per year, and have become important players in the international wheat market. This research summarizes the short‐ and long‐run wheat price dynamics between Ukraine and Russia, and other major wheat exporters—the United States, European Union (EU), and Canada—from 2004 to 2010. Tests of market price co‐integration (Johansen maximum likelihood test and residual‐based tests) as well as threshold error correction techniques were performed for this purpose. The results suggest that Russian wheat prices were co‐integrated with EU and U.S. wheat prices but not with Canadian wheat prices. Ukrainian wheat prices were found to be co‐integrated with French wheat prices only. The estimated long‐run wheat price transmission elasticities were estimated to be equal to 1.04 between Russian and French (a representative country of the EU) wheat prices, 1.16 between Russian and U.S. wheat prices, and 1.05 between Ukrainian and French wheat prices. We also found the short‐term relationships between the co‐integrated series to be statistically significant. Price adjustments in all co‐integrated prices were found to be symmetric.
Benefits of Investing in Ecosystem Restoration
Authors: DE GROOT RUDOLF S. , BLIGNAUT JAMES , VAN DER PLOEG SANDER , ARONSON JAMES , ELMQVIST THOMAS , FARLEY JOSHUA 
Published: October 2013

AbstractMeasures aimed at conservation or restoration of ecosystems are often seen as net‐cost projects by governments and businesses because they are based on incomplete and often faulty cost‐benefit analyses. After screening over 200 studies, we examined the costs (94 studies) and benefits (225 studies) of ecosystem restoration projects that had sufficient reliable data in 9 different biomes ranging from coral reefs to tropical forests. Costs included capital investment and maintenance of the restoration project, and benefits were based on the monetary value of the total bundle of ecosystem services provided by the restored ecosystem. Assuming restoration is always imperfect and benefits attain only 75% of the maximum value of the reference systems over 20 years, we calculated the net present value at the social discount rates of 2% and 8%. We also conducted 2 threshold cum sensitivity analyses. Benefit‐cost ratios ranged from about 0.05:1 (coral reefs and coastal systems, worst‐case scenario) to as much as 35:1 (grasslands, best‐case scenario). Our results provide only partial estimates of benefits at one point in time and reflect the lower limit of the welfare benefits of ecosystem restoration because both scarcity of and demand for ecosystem services is increasing and new benefits of natural ecosystems and biological diversity are being discovered. Nonetheless, when accounting for even the incomplete range of known benefits through the use of static estimates that fail to capture rising values, the majority of the restoration projects we analyzed provided net benefits and should be considered not only as profitable but also as high‐yielding investments.Beneficios de Invertir en la Restauración de Ecosistemas
Activation of non‐sensitizing or low‐sensitizing fragrance substances into potent sensitizers – prehaptens and prohaptens
Authors: Karlberg Ann‐Therese , Börje Anna , Duus Johansen Jeanne , Lidén Carola , Rastogi Suresh , Roberts David , Uter Wolfgang , White Ian R. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryExperimental and clinical studies have shown that fragrance substances can act as prehaptens or prohaptens. They form allergens that are more potent than the parent substance by activation outside or in the skin via abiotic (chemical and physical factors) and/or biotic activation, thus, increasing the risk of sensitization.In the present review a series of fragrance substances with well documented abiotic and/or biotic activation are given as indicative and illustrative examples of the general problem.Commonly used fragrance substances, also found in essential oils, autoxidize on contact with air, forming potent sensitizers that can be an important source for contact allergy to fragrances and fragranced products. Some of them can act as prohaptens and be activated in the skin as well. The experimental findings are confirmed in large clinical studies.When substances with structural alerts for acting as prohaptens and/or prehaptens are identified, the possibility of generating new potent allergens should be considered. Predictive testing should include activation steps. Further experimental and clinical research regarding activation of fragrance substances is needed to increase consumer safety.
Recommendation to include formaldehyde 2.0% aqua in the European baseline patch test series
Authors: Pontén Ann , Goossens An , Bruze Magnus 
Published: October 2013

SummaryBackgroundThe currently used patch test concentration of formaldehyde (1.0% aqua; 0.30 mg/cm2) has been shown to fail to detect ˜ 50% of contact allergies to formaldehyde.ObjectivesTo justify the inclusion of formaldehyde 2.0% aqua (0.60 mg/cm2) in the European baseline patch test series.MethodsA survey of the reported frequencies of contact allergy to formaldehyde found with formaldehyde 2.0% aqua as compared with 1.0% aqua was performed. Studies that describe a standardized patch test technique for obtaining a correct dose per unit area were included. Experimental provocation tests in patients with contact allergy to formaldehyde detected only with 2.0% aqua were also surveyed.ResultsIn a multicentre study performed in 12 dermatology clinics among 3591 individuals, 3.4% reacted to 2.0%, and 1.8% reacted to 1.0% (p < 0.001). A randomized double‐blind repeated open application test performed in individuals reacting only to 2.0% but not to 1.0% showed that 9 of 17 formaldehyde‐allergic individuals reacted to a moisturizer that contained formaldehyde (p < 0.001).ConclusionsIt is recommended that formaldehyde 2.0% aqua (0.60 mg/cm2) should replace formaldehyde 1.0% in the European baseline series from 2014. With the Finn Chamber® technique, a standardized amount of 15 µl of the solution obtained by using a micropipette should be used.
Omentoplasty to assist perineal defect closure following laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection
Authors: Killeen S. , Mannion M. , Devaney A. , Winter D. C. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimThis technical note describes laparoscopic production of a well vascularized, omental flap of adequate size to fill the pelvic floor defect in the course of laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection (LAPR).MethodThe omentum is laparoscopically mobilized and transposed to the pelvis following full LAPR in three discrete stages.ResultsLaparoscopic omental mobilization, transfer and buttressing of a primary perineal repair reduces pelvic dead space and facilitates closure following LAPR with minimal additional operative time or complications and a potential reduction in perineal wound associated morbidity.ConclusionLaparoscopic omental mobilization is technically feasible and provides a safe method to aid perineal wound closure.
Preoperative mapping of fistula‐in‐ano: a new three‐dimensional MRI‐based modelling technique
Authors: Day N. J. , Earnshaw D. , Salazar‐Ferrer P. , Walsh C. J. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimWe aimed to develop an intuitive, interactive, three‐dimensional (3D) MRI modelling technique to produce a 3D image of fistula–in‐ano.MethodThe 3D model was created from standard two‐dimensional (2D) MRI sequences to produce an image that is anatomically correct. Individual muscle and soft‐tissue layers were extracted from T1‐weighted sequences and fistula pathology from short TI inversion recovery (STIR) sequences, to produce two separate volumes. These were then fused using postprocessing software (Vitrea Workstation version 6.3) to generate a 3D model.ResultsThe final 3D model was incorporated into a PDF file that has an integrated computer aided design (CAD) viewer, allowing the surgeon to rotate it in any direction during preoperative planning or whilst in theatre.ConclusionAs an adjunct to 2D MRI images and the associated radiology report, this model communicates the fistula anatomy to the clinician more clearly and should be particularly useful in complex cases.
Deprivation and access to treatment for colorectal cancer in southeast Scotland 2003–2009
Authors: Paterson H. M. , Mander B. J. , Muir P. , Phillips H. A. , Wild S. H. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimSocioeconomic deprivation is associated with poorer survival from colorectal cancer. We examined the association of deprivation with access to treatment, disease stage at presentation and choice of treatment for colorectal cancer within a regional managed clinical network.MethodWe performed a retrospective analysis of data from the Southeast Scotland Cancer Network colorectal database for the period 2003–2009. Socioeconomic status was assigned into five categories using postcode of residence and the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation score. Outcomes were access to consultation and treatment, stage of disease at presentation and treatment factors (type of surgery, adjuvant radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy).ResultsOf 4960 colorectal cancer patients, 4016 patients (81%) underwent operative treatment. Deprivation was not associated with age, gender, tumour site, disease stage, delay in treatment pathway or permanent stoma rate. Primary tumour resection (P = 0.006) and chemotherapy treatment (P = 0.018) were higher in the least deprived compared with the most deprived quintile. Socioeconomic status was associated with both primary tumour resection [odds ratio for the most affluent compared with the most deprived quintiles (OR) 1.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05–1.72, P = 0.018] and chemotherapy treatment (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.15–1.80, P = 0.001). However, when health board of treatment was added to the model, only chemotherapy treatment was independently associated with deprivation (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.16–1.83, P = 0.001).ConclusionDeprivation is not associated with treatment delay or more advanced disease stage at presentation. An apparent association between deprivation and treatment choice may be explained by other differences between patients treated in different areas.
The use of cardiac output monitoring to guide the administration of intravenous fluid during hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy
Authors: Thanigaimani K. , Mohamed F. , Cecil T. , Moran B. J. , Bell J. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimThe optimal strategy for intravenous (IV) fluid management during administration of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is unclear. In this prospective study we describe the use of a LiDCOrapid™ (LiDCO, Cambridge, UK) cardiac output monitor to guide IV fluid management during cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with HIPEC. The aim of this study was to determine whether cardiac output monitoring will allow close maintenance of physiological parameters during the HIPEC phase.MethodTwenty‐five patients who underwent CRS combined with HIPEC were included in the study. Intra‐operative IV fluid boluses were titrated using parameters measured by the LiDCOrapid™ monitor. Stroke volume variation was maintained below 10% with fluid boluses and mean arterial pressure was maintained within 20% of the baseline figure with vasopressors.ResultsThere was no significant change in heart rate and cardiac output. The systemic vascular resistance dropped from an average of 966 dyn.s/cm‐5 to 797 dyn s/cm5 at 60 min during the HIPEC phase (P = 0.62) despite an increase in the dose of phenylepherine. The average total volume of fluid given was 748 ml in the first 30 min and 630 ml in the second 30 min with an average urine output of 307 and 445 ml, respectively. The change in lactate levels was not statistically or clinically significant.ConclusionLiDCOrapid™ is an effective noninvasive tool for guiding fluid management in this population. It allows the anaesthesiologist to maintain tight control of essential physiological parameters during a phase of the procedure in which there is a risk of renal injury.
Evaluations Versus Expectations: Children's Divergent Beliefs About Resource Distribution
Authors: DeJesus Jasmine M. , Rhodes Marjorie , Kinzler Katherine D. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPast research reveals a tension between children's preferences for egalitarianism and ingroup favoritism when distributing resources to others. Here we investigate how children's evaluations and expectations of others' behaviors compare. Four‐ to 10‐year‐old children viewed events where individuals from two different groups distributed resources to their own group, to the other group, or equally across groups. Groups were described within a context of intergroup competition over scarce resources. In the Evaluation condition, children were asked to evaluate which resource distribution actions were nicer. In the Expectation condition, children were asked to predict which events were more likely to occur. With age, children's evaluations and expectations of others' actions diverged: Children evaluated egalitarian actions as nicer yet expected others to behave in ways that benefit their own group. Thus, children's evaluations about the way human social actors should behave do not mirror their expectations concerning those individuals' actions.
Haematoxylin sorption onto yak hair: kinetic and thermodynamic studies
Authors: Gao Lihong , Gao Haiyan 
Published: October 2013

The kinetic and thermodynamic behaviours of haematoxylin sorption onto yak hair as a model system were investigated. It was found that the sorption kinetics of haematoxylin on hair followed a pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. The equilibrium sorption capacity increased as the temperature increased from 303 to 313 K, but dropped gradually as the temperature increased beyond 313 K. The maximum equilibrium sorption capacity was 24.04 mg g−1 at T = 313 K. Meanwhile, the sorption isotherm data were ingood agreement with the Freundlich isotherm, presenting high coefficients (R2 > 0.99). The free energy change (ΔG), enthalpy change (ΔH), and entropy change (ΔS) terms for haematoxylin dyeing were also determined, the negative values of ΔG and ΔH obtained indicated that the haematoxylin dye sorption process is a spontaneous and an exothermic one. Also, positive values of ΔS showed an increase in disorder of the system of haematoxylin sorption onto hair. Haematoxylin could be a good candidate as a natural green dye for hair fibre.
Accuracy of MRI technique in measuring tendon cross‐sectional area
Authors: Couppé C. , Svensson R. B. , Sødring‐Elbrønd V. , Hansen P. , Kjær M. , Magnusson S. P. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has commonly been applied to determine tendon cross‐sectional area (CSA) and length either to measure structural changes or to normalize mechanical measurements to stress and strain. The ability to reproduce CSA measurements on MRI images has been reported, but the accuracy in relation to actual tendon dimensions has never been investigated. The purpose of this study was to compare tendon CSA measured by MRI with that measured in vitro with the mould casting technique. The knee of a horse was MRI‐scanned with 1.5 and 3 tesla, and two examiners measured the patellar tendon CSA. Thereafter, the patellar tendon of the horse was completely dissected and embedded in an alginate cast. The CSA of the embedded tendon was measured directly by optical imaging of the cast impression. 1.5 tesla grey tendon CSA and 3 tesla grey tendon CSA were 16.5% and 13.2% lower than the mould tendon CSA, respectively. Also, 3 tesla tendon CSA, based on the red‐green border on the National Institute of Health (NIH) colour scale, was lower than the mould tendon CSA by 2.8%. The typical error between examiners was below 2% for all the measured CSA. The typical error between examiners was below 2% for all the measured CSA. These data show that measuring tendon CSA on the grey‐scale MRI images is associated with an underestimation, but by optimizing the measurement using a 3 tesla MRI and the appropriate NIH colour scale, this underestimation could be reduced to 2.8% compared with the direct measurements on the mould.
Efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy for allergic asthma: retrospective meta‐analysis of randomized, double‐blind and placebo‐controlled trials
Authors: Tao Lianqin , Shi Baoyu , Shi Guochao , Wan Huanying 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundAllergen‐specific immunotherapy (SIT) is the only available curative choice with a disease‐modifying effect against respiratory allergies. The efficacy of SIT via the sublingual route was demonstrated by a number of clinical trials. This meta‐analysis was performed to investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of sublingual‐specific immunotherapy (SLIT) for allergic asthma.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for randomized, double‐blind and placebo‐controlled (DBPC) trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of SLIT on allergic asthma. Subgroup analyses were performed according to age, type of allergen and duration of SLIT treatment.ResultsSixteen randomized DBPC trials comprising 794 patients in total met the inclusion criteria. The results suggest that SLIT significantly reduces both symptom [standardized mean difference (SMD), −0.74; P = 0.006] and medication scores (SMD, −0.78; P = 0.02) compared with placebo. SLIT offers a better clinical response in mite sensitive asthmatics but without confirmed proof from subgroup analyses. Prolonged duration of treatment for more than 12 months brings no additive effects. Improvement in the skin prick test was also observed following immunotherapy. There was no consistent effect on forced expiratory volume in 1 s, serum levels of antigen‐specific immunoglobulin G4 and immunoglobulin E in the treated group. The risk of adverse effects was relative risk 2.23 (P = 0.01).ConclusionsSLIT is safe and clinically effective in reducing symptoms and medication use for allergic asthma. Our subgroup analyses failed to identify a disproportionate benefit of SLIT in any specific group of asthmatics, but some possible trends did emerge.
DCE‐MRI findings of invasive aspergillosis in patient with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Araz Ömer , Karaman Adem , Ucar Elif Yılmazel , Bilen Yusuf , Durur Subası Irmak 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThoracic radiography and high resolution computerized tomography is used to diagnose pulmonary infections in immunosuppressed patients, although in some cases these do not provide enough information about the lesion. Dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging may be useful in these cases, especially for the characterization of cavitary lesions and assessment of their contrast diffusion.
Incidence of arteriovenous fistula closure due to high‐output cardiac failure in kidney‐transplanted patients
Authors: Schier Tabea , Göbel Georg , Bösmüller Claudia , Gruber Ingrid , Tiefenthaler Martin 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundSome hemodialysis patients develop arteriovenous (AV) fistulas with high flows. This volume overload can result in high‐output cardiac failure. To date, predisposing access flow rates are unknown.MethodsA retrospective study of all kidney‐transplant recipients at the Medical University of Innsbruck (MUI) from 2005 to 2010 included 797 patients with the following criteria: previous hemodialysis with a native AV fistula or a graft, sufficient function of the kidney transplant up to the time of the data analysis, and follow‐up care at the MUI.ResultsTwenty‐nine of the 113 patients (25.7%) needed an AV fistula closure, mostly because of symptoms of cardiac failure. The mean shunt flow in the intervention group was 2197.2 mL/min, whereas the mean shunt flow in the non‐intervention group was only 850.9 mL/min. Shunt closures were most frequently made in patients with upper‐arm shunts (41.7%).ConclusionThe necessity of shunt closure is not a rarity. Patients who underwent an AV fistula ligature had high access flows with about 2200 mL/min. As the symptoms of cardiac failure greatly improved after shunt closure, patients with high access flow may benefit from such an intervention.