bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predominance of Cryptosporidium parvum genotype among diarrheic children from Egypt as an indicator for zoonotic transmission
Authors: Eraky Maysa Ahmad , El-Hamshary Azza Mohammed-Salah , Hamadto Hassan Hassan , Abdallah Kareem Fetouh , Abdel-Hafed Wafaa Moustafa , Abdel-Had Soha 
Published: April 2015

AbstractCryptosporidium is a genus of zoonotic pathogens transmissible from a variety of animals to humans and is a considerable public health concern. It is a significant cause of diarrheal disease in developing and industrialized nations. Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium hominis are the main agents of cryptosporidiosis in humans. In this study we identified the genotypes of the Cryptosporidium isolates from clinical samples from diarrheic children using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses of the TRAP-C2 gene (Thrompodin Related Adhesive Protein). A total of 430 fecal specimens from 1 to 14 years children were collected from inpatient and outpatient clinics of Benha University, Educational and Children Specialized Hospitals, Benha, Qalubyia, and were microscopically examined for Cryptosporidium spp. All infected samples were also analyzed using nested PCR. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the (266-366 bp) of TRAP-C2 gene was also used to detect and identify Cryptosporidium spp. in PCR- positive samples. The results showed that 50 (11.63%) of the specimens were positive for Cryptosporidium spp. Genomic amplification and restriction digestion of the PCR products by BstETI, Hae III for TRAP-C2 gene restriction enzymes revealed that 82% (41/50) had C. parvum, 12% (6/50) had C. hominis, and three (3/50) samples (6%) had mixed infections. In conclusion, elevated prevalence of C. parvum, suggesting animal-human (zoonotic) transmission and further investigations are required to determine the subgenotypes of C. parvum to clarify the mode of transmission in order to improve the control measures.
Wild boar density drives Metastrongylus infection in earthworm
Authors: Nagy Gábor , Csivincsik Ágnes , Sugár László 
Published: April 2015

AbstractLarvae of Metastrongylus spp. lungworms infect wild boar (Sus scrofa) definitive hosts through earthworms (Lumbricidae). We compared the abundance and Metastrongylus spp. larval infection measures of earthworms between two areas (both in Zselic, Hungary, 2012) characterized by markedly different wild boar population densities. Estimated wild boar density was 0.03 animal/ha in free range area and 1.03 animal/ha in enclosure. The mean abundance of earthworm populations (mostly Allolobophora, Aporrectodea, and Lumbricus spp.) was assessed by analysing 140-140 soil samples. The assesment of Metastrongylus spp. larval infection measures was based on cca 100-100 earthworms derived from the two areas. The abundance of earthworms and their Metastrongylus spp. larval infection measures (prevalence and mean intensity) were significantly lower in the free range than in the enclosure. Furthermore, using a finer scale within the enclosure, we compared wild boar feeding sites (n = 30) to other sites (n = 75). Earthworm populations were significantly more abundant and carried significantly more prevalent and more abundant larval lungworm infections at the former sites. These results suggest that high wild boar density and forage supplementation in enclosures increase both the abundance and the larval Metastrongylus infections of earthworms
Serological screening of selected microsporidia in HPV-positive women
Authors: Adam Jozef , Valenčáková Alexandra , Halánová Monika , Danišová Oľga , Gorbarová Katarína , Čisláková Lýdia 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMicrosporidiosis is considered to be emerging opportunistic infection in immunocompromised individuals worldwide. The aim of this study was to identify the specific serum antibodies to intestinal microsporidia Encephalitozoon cuniculi and Encephalitozoon intestinalis in women with Human Papillomavirus HPV and without HPV by the indirect immunofluorescence (IFA). From total number of 669 examined women, 225 were HPV positive and 444 women HPV negative. Overall the study comprised of 10.8% women with positive result for presence of E. cuniculi antibodies. In group 1 (HPV-positive women) it was more than 28% and in group 2 (HPV-negative women) it was less than 2% (p<0.001). E. intestinalis infection was found in total of 4.48% women, in group 1 it was present in less than 6% and in group 2 in less than 4% of women.
A new Gyrodactylus strain on brown trout (Salmo trutta) in Jänisjärvi, Russian Karelia, and a literature revision of salmonid parasites of the genus Gyrodactylus in North-Western Russia and adjacent areas
Authors: Ieshko Eugeny , Lebedeva Dar’ya , Lumme Jaakko 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA Gyrodactylus parasite infected juveniles of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) in a hatchery in Lake Janisjarvi, Russian Karelia. Molecular identification by ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 of ribosomal DNA indicated that the infection was caused by a non-segregating hybrid clone between unknown Gyrodactylus species and Gyrodactylus teuchis Lautraite, Blanc, Thiery, Daniel & Vigneulle, 1999, described from brown trout collected in France. The mitochondrial CO1 was sequenced from the hybrid, but it is not available from pure G. teuchis from type locality. The mitochondrial DNA was an independent clade among the wageneri group parasites, differing from the nearest relative G. derjavinoides by 19%. Morphometric measurements of the Janisjarvi parasite were compared with separate (host specific) G. salaris strains from farmed rainbow trout and salmon in Lake Onega, and with available data on G. teuchis from Western Europe, Austria and Poland. All isolates were distinguishable by morphometry, and the measurements are a useful primary diagnostic tool for the salmonid parasites in Karelian great lakes and fish farms. Pure G. teuchis is not found on Russian territory, and the other parent of the hybrid has not been discovered yet in any other country. A mini review of Gyrodactylus on salmonids in the Russian Karelia is presented.
The in vitro antimalarial interaction of 9-hydroxycalabaxanthone and α-mangostin with mefloquine/artesunate
Authors: Chaijaroenkul Wanna , Na-Bangchang Kesara 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMultidrug resistance Plasmodium falciparum is the major health problem in Thailand. Discovery and development of new antimalarial drugs with novel modes of action is urgently required. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antimalarial interaction of 9-hydroxycalabaxanthone and α-mangostin with the standard antimalarial drugs mefloquine and artesunate in chloroquine sensitive (3D7) and chloroquine resistant (K1) P. falciparum clones in vitro. Median (range) IC50 (drug concentration which produces 50% parasite growth inhibition) values of the 9-hydroxycalabaxanthone, α-mangostin, artesunate and mefloquine for 3D7 vs K1 clones were 1.5 (0.9-2.1) vs 1.2 (1.1-1.6) μM, 17.9 (15.7.0-20.0) vs 9.7 (6.0-14.0) μM, 1.0 (0.4-3.0) vs 1.7 (1.0-2.5) nM, and 13.3 (11.1-13.3) vs 7.1 (6.7-12.2) nM, respectively. Analysis of isobologram and combination index (CI) of 9-hydroxycalabaxanthone with artesunate or mefloquine showed synergistic and indifference antimalarial interaction, respectively. α-mangostin-artesunate combination exhibited a slight antagonistic effect of antimalarial interaction, whereas α-mangostin and mefloquine combination showed indifference interaction in both clones. The combination of 9-hydroxycalabaxanthone with α-mangostin showed the synergistic antimalarial interaction in both clones
Two new Dactylogyrus species (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae) D. angorae and D. turcicus from Capoeta angorae and C. mauricii endemic fishes in Turkey
Authors: Aydogdu Ali , Molnár Kálmán , Emre Yılmaz , Emre Nesrin 
Published: April 2015

AbstractTwo new Dactylogyrus spp., D. angorae and D. turcicus have been described from the gills of the endemic cyprinid fishes, Capoeta angorae and C. mauricii from the Anatolian Region of Turkey. The shape of the anchors, hooks and the copulation organ of both species differ from those of the Dactylogyrus spp. found on other Capoeta species known from the Ponto-Caspian and Tigris-Euphrates regions.
First record of Toxoplasma gondii in Chaetophractus villosus in Argentina
Authors: Kin Marta S. , Fort Marcelo , Giménez Hugo D. , Casanave Emma B. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractToxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular apicomplexan parasite that causes abortion and reproductive disorder in domestic animals. T. gondii is a common worldwide disease in homeothermic animals, including birds and humans. The aim of the present study was to determine the presence of antibodies against T. gondii in the armadillo Chaetophractus villosus in the province of La Pampa, Argentina. Serum samples were collected from 150 individuals (70 males and 80 females). For serological detection of T. gondii, a latex agglutination test was first performed and then positive sera were confirmed with an indirect hemagglutination test, using 1:4 to 1:64 dilutions. Results showed that 27% (41) of the samples presented titers for antibodies against T. gondii. There were not significant differences between the presence of antibodies against T. gondii and age or sexes of the armadillos. Results show that presence of T. gondii antibodies in armadillos were associated with presence of pigs, and sheep, however there was not association with chickens and dairy cattle in capture site. T. gondii has an important presence in C. villosus population, suggesting a potential zoonotic risk for humans and wildlife animals when C. villosus meats are consumed raw or undercooked. This is the first record of the presence of antibodies against T. gondii in C. villosus.
Buxtonellosis and coccidiosis of cattles in Northern Serbia
Authors: Kočiš Jožef , Ilić Tamara , Becskei Zsolt , Radisavljević Katarina , Dimitrijević Sanda 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe study presents the results of a two-year research of protozoan infections of cattles from the Northern-Bačka district (Voјvodina, Serbia). The research was conducted on cow-farms and in private cattle-breeding households, with variuos levels of hygenie. The study included 224 specimens (71 calves, 48 hifers and 105 cows). 22.91% of examined heifers and 15.23% of cows were infected with the ciliate Buxtonella sulcata. The presence of coccidiosis was detected in 45.07% of the calves, 14.58% of the heifers and 6.67% of the cows. The clinical signs of diarrhoea were established in all of the specimens which had more than 1,500 cysts of B.sulcata in 1g of faeces. In the examined calves the number of oocysts was less than 1500 in 1g of faeces, so the coccidiosis did not influence the incidence of the diarrhoea. The results show the first diagnostic record of the ciliate B.sulcata of bovines in Serbia, and this finding contributes to the existing knowledge about the etiopathogenesis of protozoan disease of cattle in this area.
Phylogenetic relationships among Linguatula serrata isolates from Iran based on 18S rRNA and mitochondrial cox1 gene sequences
Authors: Ghorashi Seyed Ali , Tavassoli Mousa , Peters Andrew , Shamsi Shokoofeh , Hajipour Naser 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe phylogenetic relationships among seven Linguatula serrata (L. serrata) isolates collected from cattle, goats, sheep, dogs and camels in different geographical locations of Iran were investigated using partial 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene sequences. The nucleotide sequences were analysed in order to determine the phylogenetic relationships between the isolates. Higher sequence diversity and intraspecies variation was observed in the cox1 gene compared to 18S rRNA sequences. Phylogenetic analysis of the cox1 gene placed all L. serrata isolates in a sister clade to L. arctica. The Mantel regression analysis revealed no association between genetic variations and host species or geographical location, perhaps due to the small sample size. However, genetic variations between L. serrata isolates in Iran and those isolated in other parts of the world may exist and could reveal possible evolutionary relationships.
Molecular diagnosis of natural fasciolosis by DNA detection in sheep faeces
Authors: Carnevale Silvana , Pantano María Laura , Kamenetzky Laura , Malandrini Jorge Bruno , Soria Claudia Cecilia , Velásquez Jorge Néstor 
Published: April 2015

AbstractFasciolosis is an important parasitic zoonosis considered the most important helminth infection of ruminants in tropical countries. The aim of this study was to develop a PCR assay for the sensitive and specific detection of F. hepatica in formalin preserved sheep faeces. A 405-bp fragment of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene of F. hepatica was amplified from stool samples of infected sheep. The PCR assay showed a detection limit of 20 pg of F. hepatica DNA. No cross-reactions were observed with samples containing coccidian oocysts or gastrointestinal nematodes eggs. Our PCR technique showed to be effective for specific detection of F. hepatica infections in sheep.
Parasitic fauna of a yellow-legged gull colony in the island of Escombreras (South-eastern Mediterranean) in close proximity to a landfill site: potential effects on cohabiting species
Authors: Parejo Sandra Hervías , Martínez-Carrasco Carlos , Diaz Julia I. , Chitimia Lidia , Ortiz Juana , Mayo Elvira , Ybáñez Rocío Ruiz de 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe identified the ectoparasites and helminth fauna of yellow-legged gulls (Larus michahellis michahellis), breeding near to a solid waste landfill, and compared infection levels with those of other yellow-legged gull colonies. Moreover, we analysed correlations between parasites and sex and body condition of yellow-legged gulls, co-infections and the helminth community structure in order to propose the role of this species as reservoir of certain parasites. We also discuss the potential transmission of parasites between the yellow-legged gull and the endangered Audouin’s gull, because interactions between these two species, such as kleptoparasitism and predation, occur frequently around colonies. The following species were recorded: Ornithodorus capensis (Arthropoda); Cosmocephalus obvelatus, Paracuaria adunca, Eucoleus contortus, Tetrameres skrjabini and Contracaecum sp. (Nematoda); Tetrabothrius cylindraceus (Cestoda); Acanthotrema armata, Cardiocephaloides longicollis and Ornithobilharzia intermedia (Digenea). Tetrabothrius cylindraceus, A. armata and O. capensis are new parasite records for this host. The dependence of yellow-legged-gulls on fishery discards is supported by the dominance of parasites transmitted through marine intermediate hosts with interest to fisheries in the study area. However, the shift in diet from natural resources to food derived from human activities seems not to affect the parasitic fauna of yellow-legged gull. Besides of direct physical contact between individuals in nesting and resting habitats, the high availability of fishery discards could increase the risk of Audouin’s gulls to be infected by common parasites of yellow-legged gull.
Nosema sp. PM-1, a new isolate of microsporidian from infected Papilio machaon Linnaeus, based on ultrastructure and molecular identification
Authors: Liu Tie , Xu Jinshan , Luo Bo , Chen Jie , Li Zeng , Li Tian , Pan Guoqing , Li Xueyan , Zhou Zeyang 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA new microsporidium, Nosema sp. PM-1, was first isolated from Papilio machaon Linnaeus. The spore shape of the PM-1 isolate was a long oval with an average size of 3.22 μm × 1.96 μm. Ultrastructure observation showed that PM-1 had a typical Nosema common diplokaryotic nuclei structure with 10-13 polar filament coils, spore wall, plasma membrane, and anchoring disk. The complete rRNA gene sequences were obtained by polymerase chain reaction amplification and each rRNA unit was arrayed as follows: 5′-LSU (2497 bp)-ITS (179 bp)-SSU (1232 bp)-IGS (278 bp)-5S (115 bp)-3′, which was the same as typical Nosema. The phylogenetic trees of rRNA, DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit, and tubulin genes all show that PM-1 was a sister to the clade comprising Nosema bombycis, Nosema spodopterae, and Nosema sp. PX1. The spore morphology, ultrastructure, and complete rRNA structure indicate that this isolate assigned to the ˝true˝ Nosema group, can parasitized in Papilio machaon Linnaeus, which provides a wider host range for Nosema.
Using the likelihood ratio to evaluate allowable total error – an example with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)
Authors: Åsberg Arne , Odsæter Ingrid Hov , Carlsen Sven Magnus , Mikkelsen Gustav 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAllowable total error is derived in many ways, often from data on biological variation in normal individuals. We present a new principle for evaluating allowable total error: What are the diagnostic consequences of allowable total errors in terms of errors in likelihood ratio (LR)? Glycated hemoglobin AWe estimated a function for LR of HbAMeasuring HbAThese principles of evaluating allowable total error can be applied to any diagnostically used analyte where the distribution of the analyte’s concentration is known in patients with and without the disease in a clinically relevant population. In the example used, the allowable total error of 6% leads to very erroneous LRs, suggesting that the NGSP limits of ±6% are too liberal.
Interfacing of microbial cells with nanoparticles: Simple and cost-effective preparation of a highly sensitive microbial ethanol biosensor
Authors: Šefčovičová Jana , Filip Jaroslav , Tkac Jan 
Published: April 2015

AbstractVarious types of carbon nanoparticles were directly mixed with microbial cells of Gluconobacter oxydans within a 3-D bionanocomposite in order to prepare a highly sensitive ethanol biosensor with a short response time. From all carbonaceous nanomaterials tested, single- or multi-walled carbon nanotubes provided the highest sensitivity of detection (117-121 μA cm
Characterisation and coagulation performance of polysilicate–ferric–zinc
Authors: Xu Xia , Shen Rong-Yan , Liang Yu-Ting , Yu Shui-Li , Wang Li-Ping 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA new type of coagulant, polysilicate-ferric-zinc (PSFZn) with different Fe/Zn molar ratios, was synthesised using water glass (industrial grade, w(SiO
Efficient solvent-free synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes on SiO2 solid support under microwave irradiation
Authors: Zhang Da-Wei , Zhang Yu-Min , Zhang Yi-Liang , Zhao Tian-Qi , Liu Hong-Wei , Gan Yuan-Ming , Gu Qiang 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAn efficient synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes was developed. Bis(indolyl)methanes were synthesized starting from various aromatic aldehydes with indole under microwave irradiation and solvent-free conditions (85-98 %). Solid support SiO
Facile and direct synthesis of symmetrical acid anhydrides using a newly prepared powerful and efficient mixed reagent
Authors: Rouhi-Saadabad Hamed , Akhlaghinia Batool 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAn efficient mixed reagent for direct synthesis of symmetrical carboxylic anhydrides from carboxylic acids has been prepared. Carboxylic acids are converted to anhydrides using triphenylphosphine/ trichloroisocyanuric acid under mild reaction conditions at room temperature. Short reaction time, excellent yields of products, low cost, availability of reagents, simple experimental procedure, and easy work-up of the products are the main advantages of the presented method.
Determination of cigarette papers moisture content by gas chromatography
Authors: Lin Jian-Nan , Hong Li-Li , Chen Lan , You Jin-Qing 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA method for the determination of the moisture content in cigarette papers using solvent extraction followed by gas chromatographic analysis was developed. Optimal extraction conditions, including the agitation method, solvent and extraction time, as well as optimal gas chromatographic parameters, such as the internal standard, were investigated. The maximum degree of moisture extraction was achieved when samples were soaked in 20 mL of ethanol containing 0.5 mL L
Treatment of natural rubber latex serum waste by co-digestion with macroalgae, Chaetomorpha sp. and Ulva intestinalis, for sustainable production of biogas
Authors: Pake Aneeta , Cheewasedtham Chonlatee , Cheewasedtham Wilairat 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBiogas production is proposed as an alternative approach to using natural rubber Hevea brasiliensis latex serum, a major waste product from the production of concentrated latex. To make the most efficient use of the reactor size, the addition of macroalgal biomass as a co-substrate to the fermentation system was investigated. The biogas yield of latex serum as a single substrate was (398 ± 14) L per kg of volatile solids added (VSA). For the co-digestion system, algae mixed with serum were investigated at wet mass ratios of Chaetomorpha sp. to Ulva intestinalis to serum at 3 : 0 : 1, 2 : 0 : 2, 1 : 0 : 3, 0 : 1 : 3, 0 : 2 : 2 and 0 : 3 : 1. The co-digestion system with latex serum at 2 to 3 out of 4 parts produced the highest biogas yields within the range of 422-460 L kg
Eco-friendly conjugate hydrocyanation of α-cyanoacrylates using potassium hexacyanoferrate(II) as cyanating reagent
Authors: Zhang Yu-Peng , Hu Xiao-Chun , Li Zheng 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe conjugate hydrocyanation of α-cyanoacrylates through chemoselective 1,4-addition to synthesise α,β-dicyanopropanoates by one-pot two-step procedure using potassium hexacyanoferrate(II) as an eco-friendly cyanide source, benzoyl chloride as a promoter and potassium carbonate as a catalyst is described. The advantages of this protocol are use of a non-toxic, non-volatile and inexpensive cyanating reagent, high product yields and simple working procedure
Phospho sulfonic acid as efficient heterogeneous Brønsted acidic catalyst for one-pot synthesis of 14H-dibenzo[a,j ]xanthenes and 1,8-dioxo-octahydro-xanthenes
Authors: Rezayati Sobhan , Erfani Zahra , Hajinasiri Rahimeh 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA simple, efficient procedure for the preparation of phospho sulfonic acid PO(OSO
Morphological orders of spherulitic crystal textures in Belousov–Zhabotinsky-type oscillatory reaction system
Authors: Yadav Narendra , Majhi Syam Sundar , Saw Sudhir Kumar , Srivastava Prem Kumar 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe morphological orders of spherulitic crystal patterns in a Belousov-Zhabotinsky-type oscillatory reaction system were studied. The experiments showed that the morphology of crystal patterns were highly dependent on the reaction temperature. The reaction was initially carried out at 30°C, leading to the growth of multi-centred spherulitic patterns. The single-centred spherulitic patterns with fairly large crystal fibrils were obtained at 35°C. A number of undersized crystal assemblies with fractal geometry were also investigated at 25°C. The gross morphology of the crystal patterns was examined using optical microscopy and a scanning electron microscope which revealed the fibrous organisations. A particle-mediated self-assembly scheme was proposed for the growth of the spherulitic patterns. The insight into the nucleation mechanism, growth behaviour, and morphological orders of the growing patterns is discussed in detail. The crystal phases, ordering of textures, and composition of the crystals were characterised by thermal and X-ray diffraction techniques
Microfiltration of post-fermentation broth with backflushing membrane cleaning
Authors: Gryta Marek , Tomczak Wirginia 
Published: April 2015

AbstractSeparation of microorganism cells from broth is a very important stage in the recovery of fermentation products. The microfiltration of fermented glycerol solutions was studied. During this process, the filter cake building up on the membrane surface caused an increase of filtration resistances, resulting in the decrease of the permeate flux. In this work, short time reverse flow of permeate was used to remove the fouling layer after each cycle of the filtration. The applied periodical membrane cleaning led to minimization of the observed fouling effects