bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topological Gradient Connection Analysis for Feature Detection
Authors: Lo Chao‐Yuan , Chen Liang‐Chien 
Published: December 2012

AbstractEdges and corners are two major image features in the modelling of man‐made objects; an edge provides strong geometric orientation and corners possess good localisation. Feature detection is the basis of image processing for numerous applications such as image registration and object modelling. Completeness and localisation are the two major considerations for these applications; however, illumination, reflectance and shadows may interfere with image grey values to produce various gradients along an edge. Thus, threshold selection is an important step in obtaining suitable features in target‐dependent methods as improper selection might cause information loss and broken edges. Instead of threshold selection, this study therefore proposes a feature extraction method using topological gradient connection (TGC) analysis involving three steps: grey value refinement, gradient computation and topological connection analysis. The first step uses a Gaussian filter to smooth the grey value image. The second step computes directional gradients to identify ridge pixels and collect feature candidates. The third step analyses adjacent candidates based on the criterion of topological connection. This three‐step tracing procedure combines these connected candidates into a single object. The proposed scheme employs different images derived from various sensors and compares them with the Canny operator (using manually selected thresholds) and manually plotted corners for detection ability assessment. Experimental results indicate that the automatic results are more complete for subtle feature lines than the Canny edges. In addition, the proposed method provides higher flexibility in selecting suitable feature layers for different applications.
Management of Inherited Atherogenic Dyslipidemias in Children
Authors: Guardamagna Ornella , Cagliero Paola , Abello Francesca 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn order to prevent cardiovascular disease, the treatment of inherited dyslipidemias in childhood represents an emerging topic capturing scientists' consideration. A body of findings emerged in the last decade for diagnosis and therapy, and results were recently summarized to introduce new guidelines by the American Academy of Pediatrics and National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. It is well known and generally shared the need to detect affected children precociously, when the family history address to genetic dyslipidemia and when familial premature cardiovascular disease occurs. A spectrum of disorders involving lipoproteins could be recognized by specific biochemical and genetic markers. A defined diagnosis represents the starting point to establish a correct treatment and follow‐up program. This review represents a literature synthesis of the main cornerstones and criticisms concerning the screening program and management of atherogenic inherited dyslipidemias in children and adolescents.
Splitting a northern account of New Zealand's neoliberalism
Authors: Lewis Nicolas 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis review responds to Richard Peet's ‘policy regimes’ account of New Zealand's neoliberal experiment published in this volume of the New Zealand Geographer. It welcomes Peet's intervention, especially its comparative approach and its political economy focus, but suggests further insight may have been gained from closer engagement with the work of New Zealand geographers. The review argues that Peet misses opportunities to learn from the New Zealand case. The review subjects a ‘northern’ account of southern experience to a critique by ‘splitting’, a characteristically southern approach to analysing social change from the Antipodes that pays close attention to the situatedness of knowledge production.
Bullying Climate and School Engagement in Ninth‐Grade Students
Authors: Mehta Sharmila B. , Cornell Dewey , Fan Xitao , Gregory Anne 
Published: December 2012

BACKGROUND: Many authorities agree that bullying has a widespread impact on school climate, affecting bystanders as well as victims. This study tested the contention that a climate of bullying can have a schoolwide impact on student engagement in school.METHODS: Hierarchical linear modeling assessed the relations between student perception of bullying climate and student engagement at the individual and school level in a statewide sample of 7058 ninth graders randomly selected from 289 schools participating in the Virginia High School Safety Study. Student engagement was assessed by self‐report scales measuring commitment to school and involvement in school activities.RESULTS: Individual differences in perception of school climate characterized by bullying were associated with lower commitment to school, but not less involvement in school activities. School‐level differences in student perceptions of bullying climate were associated with both lower commitment to school and less involvement in school activities, after controlling for the effects of gender, race, school size, proportion of ethnic minority students in the school, and individual‐level perception of bullying climate.CONCLUSION: Efforts to improve student engagement should consider the schoolwide impact of bullying on all students.
Coverage of Adolescent Substance Use Prevention in State Frameworks for Health Education: 10‐Year Follow‐Up
Authors: Seitz Christopher M. , Wyrick David L. , Orsini Muhsin M. , Milroy Jeffrey J. , Fearnow‐Kenney Melodie 
Published: December 2012

BACKGROUND: The use of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs (ATOD) by adolescents is a national health issue. One way in which the United States approaches the prevention of substance use among adolescents is by teaching high school students about ATOD at school. The curriculum for health education courses is based upon each state's framework. The purpose of this study was to conduct a 10‐year follow‐up to a study that analyzed state frameworks for key mediators of adolescent substance use.METHODS: Researchers performed an extensive content analysis of all 50 states' curriculum frameworks for high school health education to identify if, and to what degree, key mediators of adolescent substance use were included in each state's curriculum framework. After training, inter‐rater agreement was greater than 95%.RESULTS: Mediators identified most often in the 50‐state curriculum frameworks for high school health education were beliefs about consequences, decision making, social skills, assistance skills, and goal setting. Twenty‐two of 50‐state curriculum frameworks for high school health education had dedicated sections for ATOD.CONCLUSION: There were modest improvements since 2001 in the inclusion of mediators of adolescent substance use within state curriculum frameworks. There still exists many opportunities to more effectively use curriculum frameworks to improve classroom health instruction.
Periodontal conditions during the pregnancy associated with periodontal pathogens
Authors: Usin Maria Matilde , Tabares Sandra M. , Parodi Ricardo J. , Sembaj Adela 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAimTo describe the bacterial associations in the periodontal pockets of pregnant women and to correlate the presence of Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia (T. forsythia), Treponema denticola (T. denticola), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Porphyromona gingivalis (P. gingivalis) with periodontal parameters of severity.MethodsThe analysis was performed with 150 pregnant women. The examination consisted of an evaluation of bleeding, suppuration, probing depths, clinical attachment levels, hypermobility scores, the Silness and Löe Plaque Index, and the Löe and the Silness Gingival Index. Each periodontal pathogen was identified by polymerase chain reaction.ResultsA statistically‐significant association was observed (P < 0.01) between P. gingivalis and T. forsythia, between P. gingivalis and T. denticola, and between T. forsythia and T. denticola. Age was observed to be a risk factor in the development of moderate periodontitis (odds ratio [OR] = 4.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1–21.3, P = 0.0328). Age was significantly associated with increased pocket depth and plaque index (OR = 6.36, 95% CI = 1.8–22.2, P = 0.0037). In pregnant women, the presence of P. gingivalis was found to increase the risk of developing a clinical attachment level ≥ 5 mm.ConclusionA high prevalence of P. gingivalis in pregnant women, especially in combination with T. forsythia and T. denticola, was associated with an increased risk of developing moderate periodontitis, and that association was more marked in pregnant women aged 30 years or older.
Attachment, Intellectual Disabilities and Mental Health: Research, Assessment and Intervention
Authors: Schuengel Carlo , de Schipper Johanna Clasien , Sterkenburg Paula S. , Kef Sabina 
Published: December 2012

BackgroundAttachment theory is highly influential in child and adult mental health research and practice. Research and practice have started now to explore the potential value of an attachment perspective for understanding and alleviating the challenges that persons with intellectual disabilities face in mental health and social participation.Materials and MethodsResearch on attachment and intellectual disabilities is reviewed on its importance for knowledge, assessment and intervention.ResultsProgress was found in understanding and distinguishing attachment behaviours, attachment relationships, attachment representations, attachment styles and attachment disorders and their respective implications for assessment and intervention.ConclusionsOf the various attachment‐related concepts, insights into attachment behaviours and relationships showed the most promise for practical applications in the field of intellectual disabilities. Findings on representations, styles and disorders were inconclusive or preliminary. Attachment‐informed research and practice can be part of emerging developmental understanding of functioning with intellectual disabilities.
The Neurobiology of Risk and Pre‐Emptive Interventions for Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: DeSocio Janiece E. 
Published: December 2012

TopicThe neurobiology of risk and pre‐emptive interventions for anorexia nervosa.PurposeThis article is based on a presentation at the March 2012 annual conference of the International Society of Psychiatric Mental Health Nurses.SourcesA review of literature and clinical practice experience.ConclusionsAdvances in genetics and neuroimaging provide evidence of a recognizable phenotype of traits and neuropsychological characteristics that precede symptom onset in children at risk for anorexia nervosa. Early recognition of the phenotype and experiences that can potentiate symptom expression provides the basis for pre‐emptive interventions that may avert or delay the onset and reduce symptom severity.
Catheter Ablation of Stable Ventricular Tachycardia Before Defibrillator Implantation in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease (VTACH): An On‐Treatment Analysis
Authors: DELACRÉTAZ ETIENNE , BRENNER ROMAN , SCHAUMANN ANSELM , ECKARDT LARS , WILLEMS STEPHAN , PITSCHNER HEINZ‐FRIEDRICH , KAUTZNER JOSEF , SCHUMACHER BURGHARD , HANSEN PETER S. , KUCK KARL‐HEINZ 
Published: December 2012

Catheter Ablation of Stable Ventricular TachycardiaBackgroundIn the Ventricular Tachycardia Ablation in Coronary Heart Disease (VTACH) study, an intention‐to‐treat approach was used and may have diminished the observed degree of treatment effect. We present a subanalysis of the VTACH study by treatment actually received.Methods and ResultsThe VTACH study was a prospective, open, randomized controlled trial, undertaken in 16 European centers, comparing defibrillator implantation with and without ventricular tachycardia (VT) ablation in patients with stable VT, previous myocardial infarction, and reduced left‐ventricular ejection fraction. Of the 52 patients in the ablation group, 7 (13%) did not receive VT ablation and 19% of patients assigned to implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) only treatment group crossed over and had an ablation. The primary endpoint (first recurrence of any documented VT or ventricular fibrillation [VF]) was reached after a median of 19.5 months in the ablation group and 5.9 months in the ICD only group (P = 0.01). Overall, 685 VT/VF events occurred per year of follow‐up in 22 patients of the ablation group and 4,986 events in 43 patients of the control group (P = 0.024). In the ICD only group, median numbers of VT/VF episodes were 25 (IQR 5.8–45.3) and 1.5 (IQR 0–24.8) per patient and year before and after crossover (n = 12), respectively.ConclusionOn‐treatment analysis of the VTACH study emphasizes the effectiveness of VT ablation in patients receiving ICD treatment because of monomorphic VT post myocardial infarction. VT ablation clearly prolonged time to recurrence of VT/VF episodes and markedly decreased VT/VF burden.
Caste ratios affect the reproductive output of social trematode colonies
Authors: Kamiya T. , Poulin R. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIntraspecific phenotypic diversification in social organisms often leads to formation of physical castes which are morphologically specialized for particular tasks within the colony. The optimal caste allocation theory argues that specialized morphological castes are efficient at specific tasks, and hence different caste ratios should affect the ergonomic efficiency, hence reproductive output of the colony. However, the reproductive output of different caste ratios has been documented in few species of insects with equivocal support for the theory. This study investigated whether the ratios of nonreproductive and reproductive morphs affect the reproductive output of a recently discovered social trematode, Philophthalmus sp., in which the nonreproductive members are hypothesized to be defensive specialists. A census of natural infections and a manipulative in vitro experiment demonstrated a positive association between the reproductive output of trematode colonies and the ratio of nonreproductive to reproductive morphs in the presence of an intra‐host trematode competitor, Maritrema novaezealandensis. On the contrary, without the competitor, reproductive output was negatively associated with the proportion of nonreproductive castes in colonies. Our findings demonstrate for the first time a clear fitness benefit associated with the nonreproductive castes in the presence of a competitor while illustrating the cost of maintaining such morphs in noncompetitive situations. Although the proximate mechanisms controlling caste ratio remain unclear in this trematode system, this study supports the prediction that the fitness of colonies is influenced by the composition of specialized functional morphs in social organisms, suggesting a potential for adaptive shifts of caste ratios over evolutionary time.
Alaska Pollock Fish Protein Gels as Affected by Refined Carrageenan and Various Salts
Authors: Hunt Angela , Park Jae W. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractRefined iota and kappa carrageenans were added (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0%) to Alaska pollock surimi and combined with various salts (NaCl, KCl or CaCl2, respectively) at 2%. Sample pastes were subjected to dynamic rheology (temperature sweep heating 20–80C and cooling 80–20C). Gel properties (breaking force, penetration distance and water retention ability [WRA]) were measured at 0, 3, 6 and 9 freeze/thaw cycles. The effect of salt type indicated that NaCl significantly (P < 0.05) increased force values, whereas KCl increased (P < 0.05) penetration distance. WRA was improved (P < 0.05) by KCl, followed by NaCl and CaCl2, respectively. Kappa carrageenan increased (P < 0.05) force values. However, adding kappa and iota carrageenans tended to decrease penetration distance. Iota carrageenan (0.25–1.0%) generally increased (P < 0.05) or did not significantly (P > 0.05) affect WRA compared to kappa carrageenan. Utilizing KCl and NaCl combined with kappa and iota carrageenans could increase gel strength and WRA.Practical ApplicationsIota carrageenan tended to improve or maintain water retention ability of Alaska pollock fish protein gels during extended freeze/thaw cycles compared to when kappa carrageenan was added. However, kappa carrageenan tended to improve force values or gel strength of Alaska pollock fish protein gels. Therefore, a mixture of kappa and iota carrageenans should be evaluated to maximize the respective properties and optimize the amount of each carrageenan type in order to improve functionality of Alaska pollock fish protein gels. In addition, further study to utilize a combination of NaCl and KCl rather than a single salt type could further maximize the functionality of an iota–kappa carrageenan blend in Alaska pollock fish protein gels.
Antipsychotic Use in Nursing Home Residents Admitted with Hip Fracture
Authors: Jung Hye‐Young , Meucci Marissa , Unruh Mark Aaron , Mor Vincent , Dosa David 
Published: December 2012

ObjectivesTo evaluate the association between receiving antipsychotics and the outcomes of a cohort of nursing home (NH) residents with and without presumed delirium after hip fracture.DesignPopulation‐based cohort study.SettingEleven thousand one hundred nineteen nursing homes nationwide from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2007.ParticipantsFirst‐time NH admissions with hip fracture (n = 77,759).MeasurementsThe Nursing Home Confusion Assessment Method was used to identify residents with no delirium, subsyndromal delirium, and full delirium. Propensity score reweighting was used, with analyses stratified according to delirium level.ResultsIn subjects with no delirium symptoms, approximately 5% (n = 3,250) received antipsychotic drugs. These individuals were less likely to be discharged home (odds ratio (OR) = 0.68, P < .001), had a higher likelihood of death before nursing home discharge (OR = 1.28, P = .03), stayed in nursing homes longer (β 2.83, P = .05), and had less functional improvement at discharge (β −0.47, P = .03). Receipt of antipsychotics in participants with mild delirium was associated with a lower likelihood of discharge home (OR = 0.74, P = .03).ConclusionIn NH residents with hip fracture and no delirium symptoms, use of antipsychotics was associated with worse outcomes, with the exception of rehospitalization. No clear benefits were associated with antipsychotic use for those with presumed delirium.
Does Helicobacter pylori Infection Increase Incidence of Dementia? The Personnes Agées QUID Study
Authors: Roubaud Baudron Claire , Letenneur Luc , Langlais Anthony , Buissonnière Alice , Mégraud Francis , Dartigues Jean‐François , Salles Nathalie ,   for the Personnes Agées QUID Study
Published: December 2012

ObjectivesTo determine whether Helicobacter pylori infection was associated with dementia and risk of developing dementia in a longitudinal population‐based cohort of elderly adults living in the community.DesignProspective community‐based cohort study.SettingThe population‐based Personnes Agées QUID (PAQUID) Study.ParticipantsSix hundred three noninstitutionalized individuals aged 65 and older living in the southwest of France followed from 1989 to 2008.MeasurementsA descriptive and comparative analysis including dementia prevalence, according to H. pylori status (serology), was made at baseline. Cox proportional hazard models were used to study the risk of developing dementia according to H. pylori status assessed on sera samples from elderly adults initially free of dementia and followed for 20 years. A neurologist diagnosed dementia according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Third Edition criteria.ResultsAt baseline, 391 (64.8%) subjects (348 women, mean age 73.9 ± 6.5) were seropositive for H. pylori. Dementia prevalence was higher in the infected group (5.4% vs 1.4%, P = .02). After 20 years of follow‐up, 148 incident cases of dementia were diagnosed. After controlling for age, sex, educational level, apolipoprotein E4 status, cardiovascular risk factors, and Mini‐Mental State Examination score, H. pylori infection was determined to be a risk factor for developing dementia (hazard ratio = 1.46, P = .04).ConclusionThis longitudinal population‐based study provides additional epidemiological support to the hypothesis of an association between dementia and H. pylori infection, which may enhance neurodegeneration.
Low‐temperature‐SEM study of dihedral angles in the ice‐I/sulfuric acid partially molten system
Authors: McCARTHY C. , BLACKFORD J.R. , JEFFREE C.E. 
Published: December 2012

SummaryThe transport and mechanical properties of partially molten materials are influenced by the wetting behaviour of the melt with respect to the crystalline solid. The equilibrium microstructure of an ice + melt system was examined using low‐temperature scanning electron microscopy. The samples were prepared by spraying a liquid solution of H2O‐H2SO4 into liquid nitrogen and packing the frozen particulates into aluminium capsules. Samples were then sintered at –35 °C or –55 °C (above the eutectic temperature, TE=–62 °C) for various durations and were quenched in liquid nitrogen to capture the equilibrium microstructure. This paper reports the first quantitative measurements of dihedral angle in this system. The measured median dihedral angle between the solid and vitrified melt is approximately 26 ± 2° at –35 °C and increases slightly as temperature decreases and approaches the solidus (32 ± 3° at –55 °C).
Tax Aggressiveness and Accounting Fraud
Authors: LENNOX CLIVE , LISOWSKY PETRO , PITTMAN JEFFREY 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTThere are competing arguments and mixed prior evidence on whether firms that are aggressive in their financial reporting exhibit more or less tax aggressiveness. Our research contributes to resolving this issue by examining the association between aggressive tax reporting and the incidence of alleged accounting fraud. Relying on several proxies for tax aggressiveness to triangulate our evidence, we generally find that tax aggressive U.S. public firms are less likely to commit accounting fraud. However, we caution that our results are sensitive to how tax aggressiveness is measured. More specifically, four (two) of the five (three) proxies for firms’ effective tax rates (book‐tax differences) load positively (negatively) during the 1981–2001 period, implying that fraud firms are less tax aggressiveness. Our inferences persist when we isolate the 1995–2001 period in which accounting impropriety steeply rose and corporate tax compliance steeply fell. Moreover, we continue to find that tax aggressive firms are less apt to fraudulently manipulate their financial statements when we apply factor analysis to identify tax avoidance with a common factor extracted from the underlying proxies and match on propensity scores to ensure that the fraud and nonfraud samples have very similar nontax characteristics.
Do Publicly Disclosed Tax Reserves Tell Us About Privately Disclosed Tax Shelter Activity?
Authors: LISOWSKY PETRO , ROBINSON LESLIE , SCHMIDT ANDREW 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTWe examine whether public disclosures of tax reserves recently made available through Financial Interpretation No. 48 (FIN 48) reflect corporate tax shelter activities. Understanding this relation is important to corporate stakeholders and researchers keen to infer the aggressive nature of a firm's tax positions from its tax reserve accrual. Our study links public disclosures of tax reserves with mandatory private disclosures of tax shelter participation as made to the Internal Revenue Service's Office of Tax Shelter Analysis. We find strong, robust evidence that the tax reserve is positively associated with tax shelters, while other commonly used measures of tax avoidance are not. Based on out‐of‐sample tests, we also show that the reserve is a suitable summary measure for predicting tax shelters. The tax benefits of tax shelters are economically significant, accounting for up to 48% of the aggregate FIN 48 tax reserves in our sample.