bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motion planning of strongly controllable stratified systems
Authors: Duleba Ignacy , Opalka Michal 
Published: January 2015

SUMMARYIn this paper a motion planner for nonholonomic stratified systems was proposed. Those systems may arise easily when reliable systems are designed to be robust against failures in difficult servicing environments. For a special class of the systems, a strong controllability condition was introduced, and a criterion to satisfy the condition was formulated and used to plan the motion of free-floating space manipulators. Modules of the planner were enumerated and their roles were emphasized. Some features of the planner were examined and discussed based on simulation results performed on two models of space manipulators.
Seroprevalence of humanToxocarainfections in the Roma and non-Roma populations of Eastern Slovakia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: ANTOLOVÁ D. , JARČUŠKA P. , JANIČKO M. , MADARASOVÁ-GECKOVÁ A. , HALÁNOVÁ M. , ČISLÁKOVÁ L. , KALINOVÁ Z. , REITEROVÁ K. , ŠKUTOVÁ M. , PELLA D. , MAREKOVÁ M. ,   HepaMeta Team
Published: January 2015

SUMMARYSocioeconomic conditions and health of the Roma population, the most numerous minority in Europe, are worse than that of the non-Roma population. Information about the occurrence of human toxocarosis and other parasitic diseases in the Roma population is scarce or completely missing. The aim of this study was to map the seroprevalence of toxocarosis in the population living in segregated Roma settlements and to compare the data with the occurrence of antibodies in the non-Roma population of Eastern Slovakia. The seropositivity toToxocarain 429 examined Roma inhabitants of segregated settlements reached 22·1%, while only 4/394 samples of the non-Roma population were found to be positive (odds ratio 27·7,P < 0·0001). Headache, muscle pain, influenza-like symptoms and diarrhoea occurred significantly more often in seropositive persons than in seronegative individuals. In the Roma population positivity was not influenced by gender, level of education and poverty, but age, lack of sanitary facilities and heating with wood significantly increased the risk of infection. It can be assumed that besides the high prevalence of toxocarosis, other parasitic diseases and communicable diseases will also be more prevalent in the Roma population living in segregated settlements.
Physician practices in requesting stool samples for patients with acute gastroenteritis, France, August 2013–July 2014
Authors: VAN CAUTEREN D. , TURBELIN C. , FONTENEAU L. , HANSLIK T. , DE VALK H. , BLANCHON T. 
Published: January 2015

SUMMARYA better understanding of physician practices in requesting stool samples for patients with acute gastroenteritis (AG) is needed to more accurately interpret laboratory-based surveillance data. A survey was conducted in General Practitioners (GPs) between August 2013 and July 2014 to estimate the proportion of stool samples requested for patients with AG and to identify factors associated with GP requests for a stool sample. National health insurance (NHI) data together with surveillance data from a French Sentinel GP network were also used to estimate the proportion of stool samples requested. This proportion was estimated at 4·3% in the GP survey and 9·1% (95% confidence interval 8·7–9·6) using NHI data. Multivariate analysis indicated that the ratio of stool samples requested was almost five times higher in patients with bloody diarrhoea and 10–20 times higher in patients with a long duration of illness before consultation. Laboratory-based surveillance data underestimates the actual burden of disease as fewer than one in 10 AG cases consulting their GP will be requested to submit a stool sample for laboratory testing. This underestimation varies by pathogen as stool samples are more frequently requested for severe illness.
Association of human leukocyte antigen haplotypes with clearance and persistence of hepatitis B virus infection in northeastern China
Authors: WANG H. Y. , WANG F. , CHENG M. , LIU Y. , ZHANG S. Y. 
Published: January 2015

SUMMARYThis study investigated clinical implications of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) I and II haplotypes, in combination with HBV sub-genotype C2, in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections in northeastern China. Here, HLA haplotypes of 230 HBV-infected patients were compared to 210 healthy, unrelated Han individuals. Of the 230 HBV-infected patients, 54 had acute self-limited hepatitis (ASH) with sub-genotype C2 (ASH-C2), 144 had chronic hepatitis (CH) with sub-genotypes C2 and B2 (CH-C2 and CH-B2), and 32 spontaneously recovered without sub-genotype results. All groups underwent HLA typing and haplotype analysis. The results revealed that A*02-DRB1*12 and A*02-B*15-DRB1*09 carriers were susceptible to HBV infection. A*02-B*15-DRB1*09 is probably associated with acute onset and viral clearance and A*02-DRB1*12, with viral persistence. In HBV infections, B*40-DRB1*12 was associated with HBV persistence, whereas B*46-DRB1*09, A*24-DRB1*14, and B*15-DRB1*04 carriers easily recovered from the disease. By contrast, when infected with the HBV-C2 sub-genotype, A*24-DRB1*14, B*15-DRB1*04, A*02-B*15, A*02-DRB1*15, and A*02-B*15-DRB1*09 carriers displayed an acute clinical course before recovery. This study reveals a relationship between HLA haplotypes and HBV pathogenesis, thereby providing potential therapeutic targets to treat HBV infection.
Hyponatraemia in older patients: a clinical and practical approach
Authors: Runkle I , Gomez-Hoyos E , Cuesta-Hernández M , Chafer-Vilaplana J , de Miguel P 
Published: January 2015

SummaryHyponatraemia is frequent in older people and induces marked motor and cognitive dysfunction, even in patients deemed ‘asymptomatic’. Nutritional status is worse than in euvolaemic-matched controls, and the risk of fracture is increased following incidental falls. Yet hyponatraemia is undertreated, in spite of the fact that its correction is accompanied by a clear improvement in symptoms. Both evaluation of neurological symptoms and classification by volaemia are essential for a correct diagnosis and treatment of the hyponatraemic elderly patient. The syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) is the most common cause of hyponatraemia in older people. Nutritional status and chronicity of SIADH should be taken into account when deciding therapy. We propose an 8-step approach to the management of the elderly patient with hyponatraemia.
Regulation of seed dormancy by abscisic acid andDELAY OF GERMINATION 1
Authors: Dekkers Bas J.W. , Bentsink Leónie 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPhysiological dormancy has been described as a physiological inhibiting mechanism that prevents radicle emergence. It can be caused by the embryo (embryo dormancy) as well as by the structures that cover the embryo. One of its functions is to time plant growth and reproduction to the most optimal season and therefore, in nature, dormancy is an important adaptive trait that is under selective pressure. Dormancy is a complex trait that is affected by many loci, as well as by an intricate web of plant hormone interactions. Moreover, it is strongly affected by a multitude of environmental factors. Its induction, maintenance, cycling and loss come down to the central paradigm, which is the balance between two key hormonal regulators, i.e. the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA), which is required for dormancy induction, and gibberellins (GA), which are required for germination. In this review we will summarize recent developments in dormancy research (mainly) in the model plantArabidopsis thaliana, focusing on two key players for dormancy induction, i.e. the plant hormone ABA and theDELAY OF GERMINATION 1 (DOG1)gene. We will address the role of ABA andDOG1in relation to various aspects of seed dormancy, i.e. induction during seed maturation, loss during dry seed afterripening, the rehydrated state (including dormancy cycling) and the switch to germination.
Genetic and environmental factors associated with vitamin B12status in Amazonian children
Authors: Cobayashi Fernanda , Tomita Luciana Yuki , Augusto Rosangela Aparecida , D’Almeida Vania , Cardoso Marly Augusto 
Published: January 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the prevalence of vitamin B12deficiency and factors associated with vitamin B12status in Amazonian children.DesignGenetic risk score (GRS), socio-economic and nutritional status, and morbidity data were the independent variables used in multiple linear regression models to evaluate factors associated with vitamin B12status in a population-based cross-sectional study. GRS was created by summing a number of known risk alleles for low serum vitamin B12.SettingAcrelândia, western Brazilian Amazon.SubjectsChildren (n988) aged <10 years.ResultsOverall prevalence of vitamin B12deficiency (<150 pmol/l) was 4·2 (95 % CI 3·0, 5·6) % and was highest in children aged <24 months: 13·6 (95 % CI % 8·8, 19·7) %. For children <24 months, wealth index (β=0·017,P=0·030) and animal protein intake(β=0·219,P=0·003) were positively associated with vitamin B12status. GRS (β=−0·114,P<0·001) and serum homocysteine (β=–0·049,P<0·001) were negatively associated. Among children aged ≥24 months, vitamin B12status was positively associated with wealth index (β=0·012,P<0·001), height-for-ageZ-score (β=0·024, P=0·033) and serum vitamin A (β=0·089,P<0·001). Age≥60 months(β=–0·118,P<0·001), GRS (β=–0·048, P<0·001), maternal schooling <5 years (β=–0·083,P<0·001), low intake of animal-derived foods (β=–0·050,P=0·030), serum homocysteine (β=–0·053,P<0·001), serum folate ≥23·6 nmol/l (β=–0·055,P=0·012) and geohelminth infection (β=–0·141,P=0·017) were negatively associated with vitamin B12status.ConclusionsGRS, poverty, low intake of animal-derived foods, geohelminth infection, vitamin A and folate status were important factors associated with vitamin B12status of children in our study.
α-Viniferin-Induced Structural and Functional Alterations inRaillietina echinobothrida,a Poultry Tapeworm
Authors: Roy Bishnupada , Giri Bikash R. 
Published: January 2015

Abstractα-viniferin, an active component of the plantCarex baccansL., is known for its anticancer, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory properties. In Northeast India, different tribes traditionally consumeC. baccansto control intestinal helminth infections. Therefore, the present study was carried out to assess the extent of tegumental alteration caused byα-viniferin inRaillietina echinobothrida, a widely prevalent poultry helminth in northeast India. Helminths were exposedin vitroto various doses ofα-viniferin (50, 100, and 200µM/mL of physiological buffered saline) and their motility and mortality were recorded. Stereoscan observations on the parasite exposed to the active compound showed extensive distortion and destruction of the surface fine topography of the tegument compared with controls. The compound also caused extensive damage to the tegument by disintegration of microtriches, disorganization of muscle bundles, and loss of cellular organelles combined with distortion and disruption of the plasma membrane, nuclear membrane, nucleolus, mitochondrial membrane, and cristae. Histochemical and biochemical studies carried out parasites exposed toα-viniferin revealed a decline in the activity of vital tegumental enzymes like acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, and adenosine triphosphatase. Extensive structural and functional alterations observed in the treated parasites are indicative of efficient cestocidal activity of the compound.
Observation of efficient population of the red-emitting state from the green state by non-multiphonon relaxation in the Er3+–Yb3+ system
Authors: Zhang Jiahua , Hao Zhendong , Li Jing , Zhang Xia , Luo Yongshi , Pan Guohui 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe rare earth Er3+ and Yb3+ codoped system is the most attractive for showcasing energy transfer upconversion. This system can generate green and red emissions from Er3+ under infrared excitation of the sensitizer Yb3+. It is well known that the red-emitting state can be populated from the upper green-emitting state. The contribution of multiphonon relaxation to this population is generally considered important at low excitation densities. Here, we demonstrate for the first time the importance of a previously proposed but neglected mechanism described as a cross relaxation energy transfer from Er3+ to Yb3+, followed by an energy back transfer within the same Er3+–Yb3+ pair. A luminescence spectroscopy study of cubic Y2O3:Er3+, Yb3+ indicates that this mechanism can be more efficient than multiphonon relaxation, and it can even make a major contribution to the red upconversion. The study also revealed that the energy transfers involved in this mechanism take place only in the nearest Er3+–Yb3+ pairs, and thus, it is fast and efficient at low excitation densities. Our results enable a better understanding of upconversion processes and properties in the Er3+–Yb3+ system.
Quorum sensing triggers the stochastic escape of individual cells from Pseudomonas putida biofilms
Authors: Cárcamo-Oyarce Gerardo , Lumjiaktase Putthapoom , Kümmerli Rolf , Eberl Leo 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe term ‘quorum sensing’ (QS) is generally used to describe the phenomenon that bacteria release and perceive signal molecules to coordinate cooperative behaviour in response to their population size. QS-based communication has therefore been considered a social trait. Here we show that QS signals (N-acyl-homoserine lactones, AHLs) are stochastically produced in young biofilms of Pseudomonas putida and act mainly as self-regulatory signals rather than inducing neighbouring cells. We demonstrate that QS induces the expression of putisolvin biosurfactants that are not public goods, thereby triggering asocial motility of induced cells out of microcolonies. Phenotypic heterogeneity is most prominent in the early stages of biofilm development, whereas at later stages behaviour patterns across cells become more synchronized. Our findings broaden our perspective on QS by showing that AHLs can control the expression of asocial (self-directed) traits, and that heterogeneity in QS can serve as a mechanism to drive phenotypic heterogeneity in self-directed behaviour.
The Arabidopsis alkaline ceramidase TOD1 is a key turgor pressure regulator in plant cells
Authors: Chen Li-Yu , Shi Dong-Qiao , Zhang Wen-Juan , Tang Zuo-Shun , Liu Jie , Yang Wei-Cai 
Published: January 2015

AbstractTurgor pressure plays pivotal roles in the growth and movement of walled cells that make up plants and fungi. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating turgor pressure and the coordination between turgor pressure and cell wall remodelling for cell growth remain poorly understood. Here, we report the characterization of Arabidopsis TurgOr regulation Defect 1 (TOD1), which is preferentially expressed in pollen tubes and silique guard cells. We demonstrate that TOD1 is a Golgi-localized alkaline ceramidase. tod1 mutant pollen tubes have higher turgor than wild type and show growth retardation both in pistils and in agarose medium. In addition, tod1 guard cells are insensitive to abscisic acid (ABA)-induced stomatal closure, whereas sphingosine-1-phosphate, a putative downstream component of ABA signalling and product of alkaline ceramidases, promotes closure in both wild type and tod1. Our data suggest that TOD1 acts in turgor pressure regulation in both guard cells and pollen tubes.
Seminal CD38 is a pivotal regulator for fetomaternal tolerance
Authors: Kim Byung-Ju , Choi Yun-Min , Rah So-Young , Park Dae-Ryoung , Park Seon-Ah , Chung Yun-Jo , Park Seung-Moon , Park Jong Kwan , Jang Kyu Yun , Kim Uh-Hyun 
Published: January 2015

SignificanceIn natural matings, semen delivers spermatozoa and immunoregulatory fluids to the female reproductive tract. Here, a soluble form of CD38 (sCD38) is shown to play an important role in facilitating maternal immune tolerance against the fetus by inducing the development of uterine tolerogenic DCs and forkhead box P3+(Foxp3+) regulatory T cells. Deficiency of sCD38 in seminal fluid increased the rates of loss of allogeneic fetuses, and this loss was rescued by a direct injection of recombinant sCD38 into the uterus. Thus, seminal sCD38 acts as a pivotal immune suppressor for establishing maternal immune tolerance against the fetus. sCD38 could potentially be used to prevent failed pregnancies.
Femtosecond filamentation induced fluorescence technique for atmospheric sensing*
Authors: Yuan Shuai , Chin See Leang , Zeng He-Ping 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Recent progress in filament-induced atmospheric sensing is reviewed. Self-guided propagation of ultrashort laser pulses in air induces laser filamentation. All molecules in the path of a filament can be dissociated into highly excited fragments, resulting in emission of characteristic fluorescence spectra. The fluorescence spectra provide information about the various molecules in the filaments. By using a filament-induced “fingerprinting” fluorescence technique, molecules in the atmosphere can be identified.
Reanalysis of radial velocity data from the resonant planetary system HD128311
Authors: Rein Hanno 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The multiplanetary system HD128311 hosts at least two planets. Its dynamical formation history has been studied extensively in the literature. We reanalyse the latest radial velocity data for this system with the affine-invariant Markov chain Monte Carlo sampler emcee. Using the high-order integrator IAS15, we perform a fully dynamical fit, allowing the planets to interact during the sampling process. A stability analysis using the Mean Exponential Growth of Nearby Orbits indicator reveals that the system is located in a stable island of the parameter space. In contrast to a previous study, we find that the system is locked in a 2:1 mean motion resonance. The resonant angle φ1 is librating with a libration amplitude of approximately 37°. The existence of mean motion resonances has important implication for planet formation theories. Our results confirm predictions of models involving planet migration and stochastic forces.
Primary and secondary siRNA synthesis triggered by RNAs from food bacteria in the ciliate Paramecium tetraurelia
Authors: Carradec Quentin , Götz Ulrike , Arnaiz Olivier , Pouch Juliette , Simon Martin , Meyer Eric , Marker Simone 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
In various organisms, an efficient RNAi response can be triggered by feeding cells with bacteria producing double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) against an endogenous gene. However, the detailed mechanisms and natural functions of this pathway are not well understood in most cases. Here, we studied siRNA biogenesis from exogenous RNA and its genetic overlap with endogenous RNAi in the ciliate Paramecium tetraurelia by high-throughput sequencing. Using wild-type and mutant strains deficient for dsRNA feeding we found that high levels of primary siRNAs of both strands are processed from the ingested dsRNA trigger by the Dicer Dcr1, the RNA-dependent RNA polymerases Rdr1 and Rdr2 and other factors. We further show that this induces the synthesis of secondary siRNAs spreading along the entire endogenous mRNA, demonstrating the occurrence of both 3′-to-5′ and 5′-to-3′ transitivity for the first time in the SAR clade of eukaryotes (Stramenopiles, Alveolates, Rhizaria). Secondary siRNAs depend on Rdr2 and show a strong antisense bias; they are produced at much lower levels than primary siRNAs and hardly contribute to RNAi efficiency. We further provide evidence that the Paramecium RNAi machinery also processes single-stranded RNAs from its bacterial food, broadening the possible natural functions of exogenously induced RNAi in this organism.
Development of a unique epigenetic signature during in vivo Th17 differentiation
Authors: Yang Bi-Huei , Floess Stefan , Hagemann Stefanie , Deyneko Igor V. , Groebe Lothar , Pezoldt Joern , Sparwasser Tim , Lochner Matthias , Huehn Jochen 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Activated naive CD4+ T cells are highly plastic cells that can differentiate into various T helper (Th) cell fates characterized by the expression of effector cytokines like IFN-γ (Th1), IL-4 (Th2) or IL-17A (Th17). Although previous studies have demonstrated that epigenetic mechanisms including DNA demethylation can stabilize effector cytokine expression, a comprehensive analysis of the changes in the DNA methylation pattern during differentiation of naive T cells into Th cell subsets is lacking. Hence, we here performed a genome-wide methylome analysis of ex vivo isolated naive CD4+ T cells, Th1 and Th17 cells. We could demonstrate that naive CD4+ T cells share more demethylated regions with Th17 cells when compared to Th1 cells, and that overall Th17 cells display the highest number of demethylated regions, findings which are in line with the previously reported plasticity of Th17 cells. We could identify seven regions located in Il17a, Zfp362, Ccr6, Acsbg1, Dpp4, Rora and Dclk1 showing pronounced demethylation selectively in ex vivo isolated Th17 cells when compared to other ex vivo isolated Th cell subsets and in vitro generated Th17 cells, suggesting that this unique epigenetic signature allows identifying and functionally characterizing in vivo generated Th17 cells.
Software for the analysis and visualization of deep mutational scanning data
Authors: Bloom Jesse D. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundDeep mutational scanning is a technique to estimate the impacts of mutations on a gene by using deep sequencing to count mutations in a library of variants before and after imposing a functional selection. The impacts of mutations must be inferred from changes in their counts after selection.ResultsI describe a software package,dms_tools, to infer the impacts of mutations from deep mutational scanning data using a likelihood-based treatment of the mutation counts. I show thatdms_toolsyields more accurate inferences on simulated data than simply calculating ratios of counts pre-and post-selection. Usingdms_tools, one can infer the preference of each site for each amino acid given a single selection pressure, or assess the extent to which these preferences change under different selection pressures. The preferences and their changes can be intuitively visualized with sequence-logo-style plots created using an extension toweblogo.Conclusionsdms_toolsimplements a statistically principled approach for the analysis and subsequent visualization of deep mutational scanning data.
Study on process technique of PCBs with ladder conductive lines
Authors: Li Xiaowei , Liu Jia , Zhang Shengtao , He Wei , Chen Shijin , Li Zhidan , Chen Jida 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to develop an ideal technique for the preparation of print circuit boards (PCBs) with ladder conductive lines on practical industrial process lines.

Design/methodology/approach
– First, the raw materials of ladder copper-clad laminates were prepared by plating double-sided copper-clad laminates with vertical plating line. Second, etching compensation experiments were designed and conducted to set up the relationships between etching compensation and width of conductive lines on ladder line print circuit boards (LLPCBs). Third, to evaluate the process technique for the preparation of LLPCBs through etching compensation, verification experiments were designed and conducted on a practical industrial process line, and the quality of lines on LLPCBs was observed and evaluated.

Findings
– Under the judgment of the quality of conductive lines on LLPCBs as well as the feasibility with a practical industrial process line, the process technique for the preparation of LLPCBs with etching compensation is a simple and reliable method which has the potential to be applied in the industry.

Originality/value
– It is the first successful report of a new method that produces LLPCBs with etching compensation and has the potential to be applied in the industry.