bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three‐dimensional regional strain computation method with displacement encoding with stimulated echoes (DENSE) in non‐ischemic, non‐valvular dilated cardiomyopathy patients and healthy subjects validated by tagged MRI
Authors: Kar Julia , Knutsen Andrew K. , Cupps Brian P. , Zhong Xiaodong , Pasque Michael K. 
Published: February 2014

PurposeFast cine displacement encoding with stimulated echoes (DENSE) MR has higher spatial resolution and enables rapid postprocessing. Thus we compared the accuracy of regional strains computation by DENSE with tagged MR in healthy and non‐ischemic, non‐valvular dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) subjects.Materials and MethodsValidation of three‐dimensional regional strains computed with DENSE was conducted in reference to standard tagged MRI (TMRI) in healthy subjects and patients with DCM. Additional repeatability studies in healthy subjects were conducted to increase confidence in DENSE. A meshfree multiquadrics radial point interpolation method (RPIM) was used for computing Lagrange strains in sixteen left ventricular segments. Bland‐Altman analysis and Student's t‐tests were conducted to observe similarities in regional strains between sequences and in DENSE repeatability studies.ResultsRegional circumferential strains ranged from −0.21 ± 0.07 (Lateral–Apex) to −0.11 ± 0.05 (Posterorseptal–Base) in healthy subjects and −0.15 ± 0.04 (Anterior–Apex) to −0.02 ± 0.08 (Posterorseptal–Base) in DCM patients. Computed mean differences in regional circumferential strain from the DENSE‐TMRI comparison study was 0.01 ± 0.03 (95% limits of agreement) in normal subjects, −0.01 ± 0.06 in DCM patients and 0.0 ± 0.02 in repeatability studies, with similar agreements in longitudinal and radial strains.ConclusionWe found agreement between DENSE and tagged MR in patients and volunteers in terms of evaluation of regional strains. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:386–396.© 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Global stability of a virus dynamics model with intracellular delay and CTL immune response
Authors: Li Xiaojuan , Fu Shengmao 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn this paper, the global stability of a virus dynamics model with intracellular delay, Crowley–Martin functional response of the infection rate, and CTL immune response is studied. By constructing suitable Lyapunov functions and using LaSalles invariance principle, the global dynamics is established; it is proved that if the basic reproductive number, R0, is less than or equal to one, the infection‐free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable; if R0 is more than one, and if immune response reproductive number, R0, is less than one, the immune‐free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable, and if R0 is more than one, the endemic equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Explicit free‐floating beam element
Authors: Nielsen Martin B. , Krenk Steen 
Published: February 2014

SUMMARYA two‐node free‐floating beam element capable of undergoing arbitrary large displacements and finite rotations is presented in explicit form. The configuration of the beam in three‐dimensional space is represented by the global components of the position of the beam nodes and an associated set of convected base vectors (directors). The local constitutive stiffness is derived from the complementary energy of a set of six independent deformation modes, each corresponding to an equilibrium state of constant internal force or moment. The deformation modes are characterized by generalized strains, formed via scalar products of the element related vectors. This leads to a homogeneous quadratic strain definition in terms of the generalized displacements, whereby the elastic energy becomes at most bi‐quadratic. Additionally, the use of independent equilibrium modes to set up the element stiffness avoids interpolation of kinematic variables, resulting in a locking‐free formulation in terms of three explicit matrices. A set of classic benchmark examples illustrates excellent performance of the explicit beam element. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of InGaAsN solar‐cell structures on Ge substrates
Authors: Uesugi K. , Kuboya S. , Sanorpim S. , Onabe K. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractA GaAs/InGaAsN p‐i‐n solar‐cell structure on a Ge substrate has been fabricated intending incorporation in high‐efficiency InGaP/InGaAs/InGaAsN/Ge four‐junction‐structure solar cells. An improved InGaAsN MOVPE growth process is adopted in which the Ge(001) vicinal substrates and a two‐step‐growth GaAs buffer layer combined with post‐growth rapid thermal annealing (RTA) are the keys. With a prototype p‐i‐n photo‐cell, the photovoltaic effect and a photo‐current edge shift to the longer wavelength of InGaAsN with 1 eV bandgap are demonstrated. After RTA, however, the I‐V characteristics are degraded with a significant reverse‐bias current leakage. Electrical measurements showed a conduction‐type conversion from n‐type to p‐type and significant increase of the hole concentration. The N‐H‐VGa complexes acting as shallow acceptors formed through RTA may be the most feasible cause of the drastic change of the electrical property of the InGaAsN film after RTA. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Wafer‐scale GaN HEMT performance enhancement by diamond substrate integration
Authors: Via G. D. , Felbinger J. G. , Blevins J. , Chabak K. , Jessen G. , Gillespie J. , Fitch R. , Crespo A. , Sutherlin K. , Poling B. , Tetlak S. , Gilbert R. , Cooper T. , Baranyai R. , Pomeroy J. W. , Kuball M. , Maurer J. J. , Bar‐Cohen A. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractA wafer‐scale comparison of HEMTs fabricated on as‐grown GaN/Si and HEMTs fabricated in parallel on epitaxial layers from the GaN/Si growth integrated with a diamond substrate are presented. Diamond, which offers the highest room‐temperature thermal conductivity of any bulk material, is being evaluated as a solution for thermal limitations observed in GaN‐based devices. This paper will present electrical and thermal data collected at the wafer scale demonstrating the improvement realized by integration of a high‐thermal‐conductivity substrate. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Spectral tensor parameters for wind turbine load modeling from forested and agricultural landscapes
Authors: Chougule A. , Mann J. , Segalini A. , Dellwik E. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractA velocity spectral tensor model was evaluated from the single‐point measurements of wind speed. The model contains three parameters representing the dissipation rate of specific turbulent kinetic energy, a turbulence length scale and the turbulence anisotropy. Sonic anemometer measurements taken over a forested and an agricultural landscape were used to calculate the model parameters for neutral, slightly stable and slightly unstable atmospheric conditions for a selected wind speed interval. The dissipation rate above the forest was nine times that at the agricultural site. No significant differences were observed in the turbulence length scales between the forested and agricultural areas. Only a small difference was observed in the turbulence anisotropy at the two sites, except near the surface, where the forest turbulence was more isotropic. The turbulence anisotropy remained more or less constant with height at the forest site, whereas the turbulence became more isotropic with height for the agricultural site. Using the three parameters as inputs, we quantified the performance of the model in coherence predictions for vertical separations. The model coherence of all the three velocity components was overestimated for the analyzed stability classes at both sites. As expected from the model approximations, the model performed better at both sites for neutral stability than slightly stable and unstable conditions. The model prediction of coherence of the along‐wind and vertical components was better than that of the cross‐wind component. No significant difference was found between the performance of the model at the forested and the agricultural areas. © 2014 The Authors. Wind Energy published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrogen generation from biomass materials: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Mohanty Pravakar , Pant Kamal K. , Mittal Ritesh 
Published: February 2014

In this review, various processes for conversion of ligno(hemi)cellulosic biomass into hydrogen gas are comprehensively reviewed in terms of two main groups, namely (1) thermochemical processes [pyrolysis, catalytic pyrolysis, different gasification, co‐gasification, supercritical water gasification (SCWG)] and (2) biochemical‐cum‐biological conversions, along with electrolytic and photolytic processes. This review depicts much about the thermochemical processes for hydrogen production and its utilization via pyrolysis of biomass, gasification, gasification combined with pyrolysis, supercritical water (fluid‐gas) extraction, steam reforming (SR), auto thermal reforming (ATR), dry reforming (DR), liquid phase reforming (LPR), aqueous‐phase reforming (APR), and partial oxidation (POX) of renewable carboxylates such as bioethanol, acetic acid, phenol, glycerol, carbohydrates, different water‐soluble sugars, and bio‐oil, which are some of the areas to be explored for widespread awareness of hydrogen usage. Biomass‐based hydrogen production systems are emphasized and discussed in terms of their energetic and exergetic aspects with the help of reaction mechanisms. Different oxygenate compounds as derived from biomass with their potential catalyst tested by several literature studies and potential methods are then summarized. WIREs Energy Environ 2015, 4:139–155. doi: 10.1002/wene.111This article is categorized under:

Bioenergy > Science and Materials
Fuel Cells and Hydrogen > Science and Materials
Fuel Cells and Hydrogen > Systems and Infrastructure
Energy and Development > Science and Materials
The Small Abnormal Parathyroid Gland is Increasingly Common and Heralds Operative Complexity
Authors: McCoy Kelly L. , Chen Naomi H. , Armstrong Michaele J. , Howell Gina M. , Stang Michael T. , Yip Linwah , Carty Sally E. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundOver decades, improvements in presymptomatic screening and awareness of surgical benefits have changed the presentation and management of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Unrecognized multiglandular disease (MGD) remains a major cause of operative failure. We hypothesized that during parathyroid surgery the initial finding of a mildly enlarged gland is now frequent and predicts both MGD and failure.MethodsA prospective database was queried to examine the outcomes of initial exploration for sporadic PHPT using intraoperative PTH monitoring (IOPTH) over 15 years. All patients had follow‐up ≥6 months (mean = 1.8 years). Cure was defined by normocalcemia at 6 months and microadenoma by resected weight of <200 mg.ResultsOf the 1,150 patients, 98.9 % were cured and 15 % had MGD. The highest preoperative calcium level decreased over time (p < 0.001) and varied directly with adenoma weight (p < 0.001). Over time, single adenoma weight dropped by half (p = 0.002) and microadenoma was increasingly common (p < 0.01). MGD risk varied inversely with weight of first resected abnormal gland. Microadenoma required bilateral exploration more often than macroadenoma (48 vs. 18 %, p < 0.01). When at exploration the first resected gland was <200 mg, the rates of MGD (40 vs. 11 %, p = 0.001), inadequate initial IOPTH drop (67 vs. 79 %, p = 0.002), operative failure (6.6 vs. 0.7 %, p < 0.001), and long‐term recurrence (1.6 vs. 0.3 %, p = 0.007) were higher.ConclusionsSingle parathyroid adenomas are smaller than in the past and require more complex pre‐ and intraoperative management. During exploration for sporadic PHPT, a first abnormal gland <200 mg should heighten suspicion of MGD and presages a tenfold higher failure rate.
The potential of exosomes in diagnosis and treatment of inborn errors of metabolism
Authors: van Balkom Bas W. M. , van Doorn Jaap , Verhoeven‐Duif Nanda M. , Verhaar Marianne C. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractExtracellular vesicles, in particular exosomes, have gained much attention as potent mediators of intercellular signaling. Exosomes are 50–130 nm intraluminal vesicles of multivesicular bodies (MVB) that are secreted into the extracellular environment upon fusion of MVB with the plasma membrane. Current research on exosomes focuses on their biogenesis, including specific sorting mechanisms, their potential to transfer proteins and RNA from their cells of origin to target cells, specific methods of vesicle isolation, and their possible application as diagnostic and therapeutic devices. Exosomes are vesicles of endocytic origin that contain a portion of the cytoplasm. Their molecular components represent the composition and thereby the physiological state of the cells from which they originate. In this review, we recapitulate the discovery of exosomes and the subsequent expansion of exosome research into a variety of different areas of interest, with a specific focus on how exosomes could prove to be invaluable for both diagnostic and therapeutic applications within the research field of inborn errors of metabolism.
Measuring help‐seeking behaviors: Factor structure, reliability, and validity among youth with disabilities
Authors: Pham Yen K. , McWhirter Ellen Hawley , Murray Christopher 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTExisting measures of help‐seeking focus on assessing attitudes and beliefs, rather than specific behaviors, toward help‐seeking. This study described the development of a self‐report measure of informal help‐seeking behaviors (HSB). Participants were 228 high school students (148 males, 80 females) with disabilities from four states. Factor analyses revealed three underlying factors, each addressing a different source of help: parent, peer, and teacher. The HSB had good internal reliability and moderate validity. Results from regression analyses suggested that help‐seeking behaviors toward parents and teachers contributed uniquely to students' self‐ratings of school bonding, life satisfaction, and career outcome expectations. Help‐seeking behaviors toward peers was a negative predictor of career outcome expectations. The value of the HSB as a research instrument was discussed.
Breakdown of the Bretherton law due to wall slippage
Authors: Li Yen-Ching , Liao Ying-Chih , Wen Ten-Chin , Wei Hsien-Hung 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAgainst the common wisdom that wall slip plays only a minor role in global flow characteristics, here we demonstrate theoretically for the displacement of a long bubble in a slippery channel that the well-known Bretherton $2/3$ law can break down due to a fraction of wall slip with the slip length $\lambda $ much smaller than the channel depth $R$. This breakdown occurs when the film thickness $h_{\infty } $ is smaller than $\lambda $, corresponding to the capillary number $Ca$ below the critical value $Ca^{\ast } \sim (\lambda /R)^{3 / 2}$. In this strong slip regime, a new quadratic law $h_{\infty } /R \sim Ca^{2} (R/\lambda )^{2}$ is derived for a film much thinner than that predicted by the Bretherton law. Moreover, both the $2/3$ and the quadratic laws can be unified into the effective $2/3$ law, with the viscosity $\mu $ replaced by an apparent viscosity $\mu _{app}= \mu h_{\infty } /({\lambda } + h_{\infty })$. A similar extension can also be made for coating over textured surfaces where apparent slip lengths are large. Further insights can be gained by making a connection with drop spreading. We find that the new quadratic law can lead to $\theta _{d} \propto Ca^{1 / 2} $ for the apparent dynamic contact angle of a spreading droplet, subsequently making the spreading radius grow with time as $r \propto t^{1 / 8}$. In addition, the precursor film is found to possess $\ell _{f} \propto Ca^{ - 1 / 2}$ in length and therefore spreads as $\ell _{f} \propto t^{1 / 3}$ in an anomalous diffusion manner. All these features are accompanied by no-slip-to-slip transitions sensitive to the amount of slip, markedly different from those on no-slip surfaces. Our findings not only provide plausible accounts for some apparent departures from no-slip predictions seen in experiments, but also offer feasible alternatives for assessing wall slip effects experimentally.
Examination of the geographical variation in human West Nile virus: a spatial filtering approach
Authors: TEVIE J. , BOHARA A. , VALDEZ R. B. 
Published: February 2014

SUMMARYThis paper examines the importance of environmental factors (mosquito pools and home foreclosures) in human West Nile virus (WNV) transmission in California and Colorado. The role of environmental factors is investigated by applying an instrumental variable technique to a spatial filtering random-effects negative binomial model to correct for both spatial autocorrelation and endogeneity. The results suggest that mosquito pools and home foreclosures are significant in explaining the prevalence of human WNV. An innovative aspect of this research is that it emphasizes the role of home foreclosures in WNV transmission and in the allocation of resources. Knowledge of the factors associated with WNV prevalence is crucial for abatement of future outbreaks. The results suggest that more resources should be allocated to areas that have a high number of home foreclosures and mosquito pools for surveillance and mitigation of the disease.
Political Tolerance, Psychological Security, and Religion: Disaggregating the Mediating Influence of Psychological Security
Authors: Eisenstein Marie A. , Clark April K. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis research focuses on the variable “psychological security” as a mediating influence for religion, and its influence on political tolerance. While the composite variable of "psychological security" (typically measured by dogmatism, self-esteem, and trust) has been part of many studies of political tolerance, insufficient attention has been paid to the influence of these separate indicators. This is problematic because certain religious beliefs, practices, and/or affiliations may contribute differentially to the particular components of psychological security that are linked with greater political intolerance. So, we do not know “if” and “how” religion may influence these separate psychological security components or the mediating influence of these components in the religionpsychological security-political tolerance connection. The objective of this project is to “unpack” the unique influence of the psychological security components in our understanding of political tolerance and to assess the mediating influence of these same components on the relationship between religion and tolerance.
Challenges of Big Data analysis
Authors: Fan Jianqing , Han Fang , Liu Han 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBig Data bring new opportunities to modern society and challenges to data scientists. On the one hand, Big Data hold great promises for discovering subtle population patterns and heterogeneities that are not possible with small-scale data. On the other hand, the massive sample size and high dimensionality of Big Data introduce unique computational and statistical challenges, including scalability and storage bottleneck, noise accumulation, spurious correlation, incidental endogeneity and measurement errors. These challenges are distinguished and require new computational and statistical paradigm. This paper gives overviews on the salient features of Big Data and how these features impact on paradigm change on statistical and computational methods as well as computing architectures. We also provide various new perspectives on the Big Data analysis and computation. In particular, we emphasize on the viability of the sparsest solution in high-confidence set and point out that exogenous assumptions in most statistical methods for Big Data cannot be validated due to incidental endogeneity. They can lead to wrong statistical inferences and consequently wrong scientific conclusions.
Predictors of Successful Air Enema Reduction of Intussusception in Infants Younger Than 4 Months
Authors: Li Jing‐en , Yang Li‐juan , Wang Jian , Sheng Mao , Guo Wan‐liang 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTObjectives:Intussusception is rare in infants younger than 4 months, and the use of air enema for reduction of intussusception has been limited. In this retrospective study, we analyzed the predictors of successful reduction of intussusception using air enema in infants younger than 4 months.Methods:This is a retrospective chart review of 97 intussusception patients of younger than 4 months between January 2008 and December 2012. Demographic data, clinical presentation, and outcomes of air enemas were collected and analyzed. We used univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses for significant predictors of successful reduction of intussusception using air enemas.Results:Of the 97 infants younger than 4 months (median age 97.6 days, age range 41–119 days), 63 (65%) were boys and 34 (35%) were girls. The duration of symptoms ranged from 5 to 53 hours, with a median of 16.3 hours. The clinical features included paroxysmal crying (75%), vomiting (68%), bloody stools (61%), and palpable abdominal masses (32%). The duration of symptoms, bloody stools, and the shape of the intussusceptum were found to be significantly predictive of the outcome of air enema reduction of intussusception.Conclusions:The rate of successful reduction of intussusception using air enemas in infants younger than 4 months is low. Factors such as the duration of symptoms, bloody stools, and the shape of the intussusceptum are predictive of the outcome of air enema reduction of intussusception.
Evaluation in mice of the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a tetravalent subunit vaccine candidate against dengue virus
Authors: Lazo Laura , Izquierdo Alienys , Suzarte Edith , Gil Lázaro , Valdés Iris , Marcos Ernesto , Álvarez Mayling , Romero Yaremis , Guzmán María Guadalupe , Guillén Gerardo , Hermida Cruz Lisset 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTA dengue vaccine must induce protective immunity against the four serotypes of the virus. Our group has developed chimeric proteins consisting of the protein P64k from Neisseria meningitidis and the domain III from the four viral envelope proteins. In this study, the immunogenicity of a tetravalent vaccine formulation using aluminum hydroxide as adjuvant was evaluated in mice. After three doses, neutralizing antibody titers were detected against the four viral serotypes, the lowest seroconversion rate being against dengue virus serotype 4. One month after the last dose, immunized animals were challenged with infective virus, and partial but statistically significant protection was found to have been achieved. Based on these results, further studies in mice and non‐human primates using this tetravalent formulation in a prime‐boost strategy with attenuated viruses are strongly recommended.