bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three-Year Outcomes of Recovery of Erectile Function after Open Radical Prostatectomy with Sural Nerve Grafting
Authors: Siddiqui Khurram M. , Billia Michelle , Mazzola Clarisse R. , Alzahrani Ali , Brock Gerald B. , Scilley Christopher , Chin Joseph L. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Introduction
Optimal oncologic control of higher stage prostate cancers often requires sacrificing the neurovascular bundles (NVB) with subsequent postoperative erectile dysfunction (ED), which can be treated with interposition graft using sural nerve.

Aims
To examine the long term outcome of sural nerve grafting (SNG) during radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) performed by a single surgeon.

Methods
Sixty-six patients with clinically localized prostate cancer and preoperative International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) score &gt;20 who underwent RRP were included. NVB excision was performed if the risk of side-specific extra-capsular extension (ECE) was &gt;25% on Ohori’ nomogram. SNG was harvested by a plastic surgeon, contemporaneously as the urologic surgeon was performing RRP. IIEF questionnaire was used pre- and postoperatively and at follow-up.

Main Outcome Measures
Postoperative IIEF score at three years of men undergoing RRP with SNG. Recovery of potency was defined as postoperative IIEF-EF domain score &gt;22.

Results
There were 43 (65%) unilateral SNG and 23 (35%) bilateral SNG. Mean surgical time was 164 minutes (71 to 221 minutes).The mean preoperative IIEF score was 23.4+1.6. With a mean follow-up of 35 months, 19 (28.8%) patients had IIEF score &gt;22. The IIEF-EF scores for those who had unilateral SNG and bilateral SNG were 12.9+4.9 and 14.8+5.3 respectively. History of diabetes (P = 0.001) and age (P =0.007) negatively correlated with recovery of EF. 60% patients used PDE5i and showed a significantly higher EF recovery (43% vs. 17%, P = 0.009).

Conclusions
SNG can potentially improve EF recovery for potent men with higher stage prostate cancer undergoing RP. The contemporaneous, multidisciplinary approach provides a good quality graft and expedited the procedure without interrupting the work-flow.
Do Gynecologists Talk About Sexual Dysfunction With Their Patients?
Authors: Kottmel Andrea , Ruether-Wolf Katharina V. , Bitzer Johannes 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Introduction
Female sexual problems and dysfunctions have a high prevalence, ranging from 12% to 80%, depending on the definition being used, underlying comorbidities, and age. Despite the high prevalence, there are only scarce data about the approach gynecologists use to address female sexual dysfunction.

Aim
The aim of this study is to evaluate the approach of Swiss gynecologists to addressing sexual problems among their outpatients.

Methods
After a pilot study including 56 physicians, a modified 19-item self-administered questionnaire was sent to 856 Swiss gynecologists to evaluate their methods of management of patients with sexual issues and their attitudes regarding the integration of sexual health issues into the gynecological consultation.

Main Outcome Measures
Besides demographic information, the self-administered questionnaire included questions about addressing sexual health as part of consultation routine, estimated frequency of symptoms, reasons for not addressing sexuality, clinical conditions in which sexuality was addressed, and methods of management of sexual problems.

Results
Of the 341 responding gynecologists (39.8% response rate), 40.4% reported having at least brief (at least 1–2 days) of training in sexual medicine, 7.9% of the respondents routinely explored sexual issues with more than 80% of their patients, 28.2% of the respondents offered appointments specifically for sexual issues, and 85% proposed referrals to specialized colleagues. Lack of motivation for therapy on the part of the patient was mentioned as the most common cause for persisting symptoms (63.3%). Dyspareunia was quoted as the most/second most prevalent type of female sexual dysfunction by 77.1% of the respondents.

Conclusion
We conclude that among Swiss gynecologists, sexual problems are regarded as an important issue in gynecological outpatient care, but addressing patients' sexuality is not yet part of routine practice. Swiss gynecologists seem to be most likely to consider hormonal changes (although not so much those due to oral contraceptives) to necessitate discussion of sexual health issues, while psychosocial transitions or stress seem to be considered less important.
Estimating marbofloxacin withdrawal time in broiler chickens using a population physiologically based pharmacokinetics model
Authors: Yang F. , Yang Y. R. , Wang L. , Huang X. H. , Qiao G. , Zeng Z. L. 
Published: June 2014

Residue depletion of marbofloxacin in broiler chicken after oral administration at 5 mg/kg/day for three consecutive days was studied in this study. The areas under the concentration–time curve from 0 h to ∞ (AUC0–∞s) of marbofloxacin in tissues and plasma were used to calculate tissue/plasma partition coefficients (PXs). Based on PXs and the other parameters derived from published studies, a flow‐limited physiologically based pharmacokinetics (PBPK) model was developed to predict marbofloxacin concentrations, which were then compared with those derived from the residue depletion study so as to validate this model. Considering individual difference in drug disposition, a Monte Carlo simulation included 1000 iterations was further incorporated into the validated model to generate a population PBPK model and to estimate the marbofloxacin residue withdrawal times in edible tissues. The withdrawal periods were compared to those derived from linear regression analysis. The PBPK model presented here successfully predicted the measured concentrations in all tissues. The withdrawal times in all edible tissues derived from the population PBPK model were longer than those from linear regression analysis, and based on the residues in kidney, a withdrawal time of 4 days was estimated for marbofloxacin after oral administration at 5 mg/kg/day for three consecutive days. It was shown that population PBPK model could be used to accurately predict marbofloxacin residue withdrawal time in edible tissues in broiler chickens.
The use of guideline images to improve histological estimation of hepatic steatosis
Authors: Hall Andrew R. , Green Anna C. , Luong Tu‐Vinh , Burroughs Andrew K. , Wyatt Judith , Dhillon Amar P. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackground & AimsGuideline images of specific fat proportionate area (FPA) percentages have recently been published to aid the histological assessment of liver steatosis as subjective estimates of FPA are usually overestimated. To assess, (i) the effect of guideline images on accuracy and concordance of estimated FPA (eFPA), (ii) experience of steatosis grading systems on eFPA, (iii) the effect of magnification on assessment of FPA (iv) and produce a range of guideline images at x4 objective magnification (OM).MethodsTwo circulations of sample images (C1 and C2) were circulated to UK liver external quality assessment histopathology scheme members who were asked to independently evaluate steatosis. Each circulation consisted of 15 images taken at both x20 and x4OM representing the full range of steatosis. C1 was distributed first, then C2 with guideline images of FPA 6 weeks later.ResultsParticipants overestimated FPA in C1. In C2, there was significant improvement in accuracy (P < 0.001) of eFPA for sample images with mFPA >5%. Concordance of x4OM eFPA was substantial in both circulations (C1 K = 0.878, C2 K = 0.724).ConclusionThe tendency to overestimate eFPA has been corroborated and can be largely corrected with the use of guideline images (without needing digital image analysis). There is a need to redefine steatosis grades that are clinically significant and validated using an accurate quantification of steatosis.
Combined inoculation of wheat pathogens Zymoseptoria tritici and Fusarium culmorum as a tool for increasing selection intensity in resistance breeding
Authors: Miedaner Thomas , Lieberherr Bärbel , Koch Silvia , Scholz Meike , Ebmeyer Erhard 
Published: June 2014

AbstractResistances to Septoria tritici blotch (STB) and Fusarium head blight (FHB) are important goals in European wheat breeding. We tested 25 winter wheat cultivars differing in their resistance to both diseases by inoculating Zymoseptoria tritici or Fusarium culmorum either separately on different plots or combined on the same plot. Experiments were carried out across three location × year combinations in four variants: non‐inoculated, STB inoculated, FHB inoculated and STB+FHB inoculated at the respective optimal plant stages. On the individually inoculated plots, mean STB severities ranged from 12% to 70% and mean FHB severities from 0.3% to 67% across wheat cultivars. The resistances to STB and FHB were not correlated. Mean disease severities of the respective inoculation variants, STB vs. STB+FHB and FHB vs. STB+FHB, were not significantly different (P > 0.1), and correlations between both inoculation variants were extremely high (r = 0.98) for STB. In conclusion, breeding populations have to be selected for both resistances separately, but phenotyping can be performed on the same plot without ranking differences of the respective resistance.
Expression of Arabidopsis acyl‐CoA‐binding proteins AtACBP1 and AtACBP4 confers Pb(II) accumulation in Brassica juncea roots
Authors: DU ZHI‐YAN , CHEN MO‐XIAN , CHEN QIN‐FANG , GU JI‐DONG , CHYE MEE‐LEN 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn Arabidopsis thaliana, the expression of two genes encoding acyl‐CoA‐binding proteins (ACBPs) AtACBP1 and AtACBP4, were observed to be induced by lead [Pb(II)] in shoots and roots in qRT‐PCR analyses. Quantitative GUS (β‐glucuronidase) activity assays confirmed induction of AtACBP1pro::GUS by Pb(II). Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) revealed that Pas elements in the 5′‐flanking region of AtACBP1 were responsive to Pb(II) treatment. AtACBP1 and AtACBP4 were further compared in Pb(II) uptake using Brassica juncea, a potential candidate for phytoremediation given its rapid growth, large roots, high biomass and good capacity to accumulate heavy metals. Results from atomic absorption analyses on transgenic B. juncea expressing AtACBP1 or AtACBP4 indicated Pb(II) accumulation in roots. Subsequent Pb(II)‐tracing assays demonstrated Pb(II) accumulation in the cytosol of root tips and vascular tissues of transgenic B. juncea AtACBP1‐overexpressors (OXs) and AtACBP4‐OXs and transgenic Arabidopsis AtACBP1‐OXs. Transgenic Arabidopsis AtACBP1‐OXs sequestered Pb(II) in the trichomes and displayed tolerance to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatment. In addition, AtACBP1 and AtACBP4 were H2O2‐induced in the roots of wild‐type Arabidopsis, while lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) measurements of B. juncea AtACBP1‐OX and AtACBP4‐OX roots suggested that AtACBP1 and AtACBP4 can protect lipids against Pb(II)‐induced lipid peroxidation.
Open prospective study of ziprasidone in patients with schizophrenia with depressive symptoms: A multicenter study
Authors: Jung Woo‐Young , Kim Sung‐Gon , Lee Jin‐Seong , Kang Dong‐Ho , Jung Bong‐Joo , Shin Dong‐Hun , Lee Young‐Min , Choi Sang‐Heon 
Published: June 2014

AimsThe goal of this study was to examine the efficacy and safety of ziprasidone to treat depressive symptoms in Korean patients with schizophrenia who showed stable symptoms.MethodsIn this 8‐week, open‐label, prospective, non‐randomized, multicenter study, 34 patients with schizophrenia who showed a stable response to previous medications, maintained a stable dose, and who had depressive symptoms, were recruited. Ziprasidone was the only antipsychotic agent allowed for 8 weeks after a 2–7‐week washout period.ResultsSteady decreases were observed on the Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale, the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, and the Clinical Global Impression‐Severity Scale scores. The Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale score was 20.26 ± 4.77 at baseline and 12.21 ± 7.94 at the end‐point (P < 0.01). The Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia score was 9.76 ± 4.11 at baseline and 5.00 ± 3.94 at the end‐point (P < 0.01). The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale total score was 75.24 ± 22.63 at baseline and 66.53 ± 24.28 at the end‐point (P < 0.01). The Clinical Global Impression‐Severity Scale score was 3.44 ± 0.66 at baseline and 3.15 ± 0.86 at the end‐point (P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed for total scores on the Simpson and Angus Rating Scale, the Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale, or the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale between the baseline and end‐point.ConclusionsZiprasidone was effective for improving depressive symptom scores and was well tolerated. Switching to ziprasidone is a good strategy in patients with schizophrenia who are experiencing depressive symptoms.
An Immunohistochemical Observations on the Oviduct of the Goat
Authors: Marettová E , Maretta M 
Published: June 2014

ContentsThe oviduct has an important role in regulating transport of gametes and fertilization. The main role in these functions has a smooth muscle cells and ciliated epithelium lining the oviduct. All functions are under the influence of hormonal and nervous system. The objective of this study was immunohistochemically to examine the following structures: lining epithelium, smooth muscle cells, elastic fibres and nerve fibres. For this purpose, the following antibodies were used: cytokeratin 18, S‐100 protein, acetylated α‐tubulin, smooth muscle actin, desmin and elastin. Ciliary and secretory cells of the lining epithelium were positive for cytokeratin 18 and S‐100 protein. Cilia and the basal body‐associated structures of ciliary cells were positive to acetylated α‐tubulin. Smooth muscle cells (SMC) in mucosa and of the muscular layer were positive for α‐smooth muscle actin (SMA) and desmin. High density of nerve fibres positively reacted to acetylated α‐tubulin and S100 protein was present in the mucosa, muscular layer and serosa. Elastic fibres positive for elastin form a dense network at the base of the mucosal folds and in the muscle layer. A dense network of these fibres is accompanying the blood vessels. It is supposed that together with smooth muscle cells they are involved in the transport of ovum and in blood flow regulation.
Conducting Systematic Reviews of Intervention Questions III: Synthesizing Data from Intervention Studies Using Meta‐Analysis
Authors: O'Connor A. M. , Sargeant J. M. , Wang C. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryThis article is the sixth in a series of six articles describing systematic reviews of interventions in animal agriculture and veterinary medicine. The first article provided an overview of systematic reviews, followed by an article on building evidence across study designs, and an article describing criteria for validity in randomized controlled trials. The fourth article in this series overviewed the initial steps in conducting a systematic review: development of a review protocol, identification of the structured question to be addressed and conducting a comprehensive literature search to identify potentially relevant research to address the review question. The fifth article introduced relevance screening of literature to identify and include research that is relevant to the review question, the use of standardized checklists and procedures to assess the risk of bias in the relevant research, data extraction from primary research studies and summarizing the results of the body of research identified. Many systematic reviews of interventions aim to use a quantitative method to combine the results of multiple studies and provide a more precise estimate of the effect of the intervention on the outcome, that is, a summary effect measure. The objective of this article was to describe general approaches that are available for quantitative synthesis of data. Specific details of all meta‐analysis statistical approaches are beyond the capacity of this article.
Conducting Systematic Reviews of Intervention Questions I: Writing the Review Protocol, Formulating the Question and Searching the Literature
Authors: O'Connor A. M. , Anderson K. M. , Goodell C. K. , Sargeant J. M. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryThis article is the fourth of six articles addressing systematic reviews in animal agriculture and veterinary medicine. Previous articles in the series have introduced systematic reviews, discussed study designs and hierarchies of evidence, and provided details on conducting randomized controlled trials, a common design for use in systematic reviews. This article describes development of a review protocol and the first two steps in a systematic review: formulating a review question, and searching the literature for relevant research. The emphasis is on systematic reviews of questions related to interventions. The review protocol is developed prior to conducting the review and specifies the plan for the conduct of the review, identifies the roles and responsibilities of the review team and provides structured definitions related to the review question. For intervention questions, the review question should be defined by the PICO components: population, intervention, comparison and outcome(s). The literature search is designed to identify all potentially relevant original research that may address the question. Search terms related to some or all of the PICO components are entered into literature databases, and searches for unpublished literature also are conducted. All steps of the literature search are documented to provide transparent reporting of the process.
Introduction to Systematic Reviews in Animal Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
Authors: Sargeant J. M. , O'Connor A. M. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryThis article is the first in a series of six articles related to systematic reviews in animal agriculture and veterinary medicine. In this article, we overview the methodology of systematic reviews and provide a discussion of their use. Systematic reviews differ qualitatively from traditional reviews by explicitly defining a specific review question, employing methods to reduce bias in the selection and inclusion of studies that address the review question (including a systematic and specified search strategy, and selection of studies based on explicit eligibility criteria), an assessment of the risk of bias for included studies and objectively summarizing the results qualitatively or quantitatively (i.e. via meta‐analysis). Systematic reviews have been widely used to address human healthcare questions and are increasingly being used in veterinary medicine. Systematic reviews can provide veterinarians and other decision‐makers with a scientifically defensible summary of the current state of knowledge on a topic without the need for the end‐user to read the vast amount of primary research related to that topic.
Universal polynomials for singular curves on surfaces
Authors: Li Jun , Tzeng Yu-jong 
Published: June 2014

AbstractLet$\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}S$be a complex smooth projective surface and$L$be a line bundle on$S$. For any given collection of isolated topological or analytic singularity types, we show the number of curves in the linear system$|L|$with prescribed singularities is a universal polynomial of Chern numbers of$L$and$S$, assuming$L$is sufficiently ample. More generally, we show for vector bundles of any rank and smooth varieties of any dimension, similar universal polynomials also exist and equal the number of singular subvarieties cutting out by sections of the vector bundle. This work is a generalization of Göttsche’s conjecture.
The Decline in Gross Efficiency in Relation to Cycling Time-Trial Length
Authors: Noordhof Dionne A. , Mulder Roy C.M. , Malterer Katherine R. , Foster Carl , de Koning Jos J. 
Published: June 2014

Purpose:To evaluate whether gross efficiency (GE), determined during submaximal cycling, is lower after time trials and if the magnitude of the decrease differs in relation to race distance. Secondary purposes were to study the rate of the decline in GE and whether changes in muscle-fiber recruitment could explain the decline.Methods:Cyclists completed 9 GE tests consisting of submaximal exercise performed before and after time trials of different length (500 m, 1000 m, 2000 m, 4000 m, 15,000 m, and 40,000 m). In addition, subjects performed time trials as if they were a 1000-m, 4000-m, or 40,000-m time trial during which they were stopped at 50% of the final time of the preceding “full” time trial. Power output, gas exchange, and EMG were measured continuously throughout the GE tests.Results:A significant interaction effect between distance and time was found for GE (P = .001). GE was significantly lower immediately after the time trials than before (P < .05), and the decline in GE differed between distances (P < .001). GE seemed to decline linearly during the relatively short trials, while it declined more hyperbolically during the 40,000-m. A significant effect of time (P = .04) on mean EMG amplitude was found. However, post hoc comparisons showed no significant differences in mean EMG amplitude between the different time points (before and after the time trials).Conclusion:GE decreases during time-trial exercise. Unfortunately, the cause of the decrease remains uncertain. Future modeling studies should consider using a declining instead of a constant GE. In sport situations, the declining GE has to be taken into account when selecting a pacing strategy.
The Validity of Microsensors to Automatically Detect Bowling Events and Counts in Cricket Fast Bowlers
Authors: McNamara Dean J. , Gabbett Tim J. , Chapman Paul , Naughton Geraldine , Farhart Patrick 
Published: June 2014

Purpose:Bowling workload is linked to injury risk in cricket fast bowlers. This study investigated the validity of microtechnology in the automated detection of bowling counts and events, including run-up distance and velocity, in cricket fast bowlers.Method:Twelve highly skilled fast bowlers (mean ± SD age 23.5 ± 3.7 y) performed a series of bowling, throwing, and fielding activities in an outdoor environment during training and competition while wearing a microtechnology unit (MinimaxX). Sensitivity and specificity of a bowling-detection algorithm were determined by comparing the outputs from the device with manually recorded bowling counts. Run-up distance and run-up velocity were measured and compared with microtechnology outputs.Results:No significant differences were observed between direct measures of bowling and nonbowling events and true positive and true negative events recorded by the MinimaxX unit (P = .34, r = .99). The bowling-detection algorithm was shown to be sensitive in both training (99.0%) and competition (99.5%). Specificity was 98.1% during training and 74.0% during competition. Run-up distance was accurately recorded by the unit, with a percentage bias of 0.8% (r = .90). The final 10-m (–8.9%, r = .88) and 5-m (–7.3%, r = .90) run-up velocities were less accurate.Conclusions:The bowling-detection algorithm from the MinimaxX device is sensitive to detect bowling counts in both cricket training and competition. Although specificity is high during training, the number of false positive events increased during competition. Additional bowling workload measures require further development.