bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Higher Education and Long-Term Manpower Planning in Socialist Romania (1950-1975). An Empirical Study
Authors: Pașca Vlad 
Published: May 2015

Abstract:
This article sets to analyze the manpower planning approach in respect of the Romanian higher education system during communism. The arguments used intend to demonstrate that long-term planning, although commonly used in the context of demand economy, was not a reliable instrument in education. Archival research has outlined the connections and the variations between long-term ‘cadre’ plans and higher education outcomes, in an attempt to better assess the feasibility of manpower planning in a socialist economy. The empirical analysis confirms the theoretical approach used by Jan Sadlak in the 1980s, but also provides an additional outlook on the practical and conceptual limitations of centralized normative planning.
The Relationship between Higher Education and the Workforce in Romanian Socialist Industry Case-study of the ‘23 August’ Factory
Authors: Vasile Valentin 
Published: May 2015

Abstract:
This article presents the mechanisms used to integrate higher education graduates in socialist economic units. The case-study referring to the ‘23 August’ factory in Bucharest mainly relies on the files of Securitate, and those of the economic section of the Central Committee of the Romanian Communist Party. It also outlines the practical difficulties faced by various groups of higher education graduates – engineers, economic staff, human sciences graduates – as well as their efficiency within the communist industrial framework. The study combines the description and analysis of numerical allocation, the responsibilities and the results of the activities carried out by higher education graduates.
Identification and evaluation of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) in hospitalized geriatric patients using Beers criteria
Authors: Danisha Pattani , Dilip Chandrasekhar , Mohan Panakkal Linu , Shinu Cholamugath , Parambil Jaffer Chalil , Sajid Muhammed 
Published: May 2015

Abstract

Background: The aim of the study was to identify and evaluate potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) in geriatric patients using Beers criteria and also to identify adverse drug events (ADEs) due to PIMs and various drug-drug interactions.

Methods: The medications in the prescriptions of patients above 60 years of age, their dosage regimen respective of their diagnosis were analyzed. Each medication was then checked with Beers list tables, and any medication if mentioned in the Beers list, was noted along with its strength of recommendation and quality of evidence. Any adverse drug event (ADE) due to PIM was identified. Causality of the events was assessed by Naranjo’s Scale. The number of drug-drug interactions per prescription and the severity of each interaction were also analyzed. The collected data from 200 subjects were subjected to statistical treatments using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 16.0 for WINDOWS.

Results: Based on the Beers criteria 2012, 106 out of 200 (53%) prescriptions had at least one PIM prescribed. A sum of 1690 medications was prescribed as a whole for the entire study subjects. Among which, 134 PIMs were identified. Most commonly prescribed PIMs were benzodiazepines (39, 19.5%), followed by sliding scale use of insulin (31, 15.5%), and prazosin at a rate of 11.5% (23). A total of 10 ADEs were identified during the study. The average number of drug interactions observed among total samples was found to be 3.0±6.0 with 0±5.0 serious interactions, 2±4.0 significant interactions requiring close monitoring, and 0±6.0 minor interactions.

Conclusions: The study shows high prevalence of prescribing PIMs in hospitalized elderly patients; PIM also caused incidence of ADEs; and serious drug-drug interactions were scarce among the patients.
Analysis of serrations and shear bands fractality in UFGs
Authors: Iliopoulos Aggelos C. , Nikolaidis Nikolaos S. , Aifantis Elias C. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTsallis nonextensive statistics is employed to characterize serrated flow, as well as multiple shear band formation in ultrafine grain (UFG) size materials. Two such UFG materials, a bi-modal Al-Mg alloy and a Fe-Cu alloy, were chosen. In the first case, at low strain rates serrated flow emerges as recorded in the stress-strain graphs, whereas at high strain rates, extensive shear banding occurs. In the second case, multiple shear banding is the only mechanism for plastic deformation, but serrations in the stress-strain graph are not recorded. The analysis aims at the estimation of Tsallis entropic index qstat (stat denotes stationary state), as well as the estimation of fractal dimension. The results reveal that the distributions of serrations and shear bands do not follow Gaussian statistics as implied by Boltzmann-Gibbs extensive thermodynamics, but are approximated instead by Tsallis q-Gaussian distributions, as suggested by nonextensive thermodynamics. In addition, fractal analysis of multiple shear band images reveals a (multi)fractal and hierarchical profile of the spatial arrangement of shear bands.
Torsional wave propagation in an inhomogeneous crustal layer over an inhomogeneous elastic half space
Authors: Kakar Rajneesh , Gupta Kishan Chand 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe present study considers the propagation of torsional wave in an inhomogeneous crustal layer over an inhomogeneous half space when the upper boundary plane is assumed to be rigid. The inhomogeneity in density and rigidity in the crustal layer varies linearly with depth, whereas for the elastic half space, the inhomogeneity in density and rigidity is hyperbolic. The dispersion relation for propagation of such waves is derived by using Whittaker’s function. When the upper boundary plane is assumed to be free and in the absence of inhomogeneity of the crustal layer and lower half space, our derived equation is in agreement with the general equation for Love waves. Numerically, it is observed that the velocity of torsional wave changes remarkably with the presence of inhomogeneity parameter of the layer.
Finite element prediction of seismic response modification of monumental structures utilizing base isolation
Authors: Spanos Konstantinos , Anifantis Nikolaos , Kakavas Panayiotis 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe analysis of the mechanical behavior of ancient structures is an essential engineering task concerning the preservation of architectural heritage. As many monuments of classical antiquity are located in regions of earthquake activity, the safety assessment of these structures, as well as the selection of possible restoration interventions, requires numerical models capable of correctly representing their seismic response. The work presented herein was part of a research project in which a better understanding of the dynamics of classical column-architrave structures was sought by means of numerical techniques. In this paper, the seismic behavior of ancient monumental structures with multi-drum classical columns is investigated. In particular, the column-architrave classical structure under strong ground excitations was represented by a finite element method. This approach simulates the individual rock blocks as distinct rigid blocks interconnected with slidelines and incorporates seismic isolation dampers under the basement of the structure. Sliding and rocking motions of individual stone blocks and drums are modeled utilizing non-linear frictional contact conditions. The seismic isolation is modeled through the application of pad bearings under the basement of the structure. These pads are interpreted by appropriate rubber and steel layers. Time domain analyses were performed, considering the geometric and material non-linear behavior at the joints and the characteristics of pad bearings. The deformation and failure modes of drum columns subject to seismic excitations of various types and intensities were analyzed. The adverse influence of drum imperfections on structural safety was also examined.
Practicing Improvisation: Preparing Multicultural Educators
Authors: Hull Karla 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Preparing competent multicultural educators involves a dynamic process requiring constant self-reflection and assisting pre-service teachers to sharpen their cultural vision as they learn to be responsive educators. Reflections on lessons learned as a teacher educator are shared through personal experiences that are identified as keys to prepare multicultural educators. The keys include practicing improvisation, the virtue of not-knowing, identifying cultural discontinuity, the dilemma of difference, and opening the door to life’s contingencies.
Changes in circulating IGF1 receptor stimulating activity do not parallel changes in total IGF1 during GH treatment of GH-deficient adults
Authors: Varewijck Aimee J , Lamberts Steven W J , van der Lely A J , Neggers Sebastian J C M M , Hofland Leo J , Janssen Joseph A M J L 
Published: May 2015

ContextPreviously we demonstrated that IGF1 receptor stimulating activity (IGF1RSA) offers advantages in diagnostic evaluation of adult GH deficiency (GHD). It is unknown whether IGF1RSA can be used to monitor GH therapy.ObjectiveTo investigate the value of circulating IGF1RSA for monitoring GH therapy.Design/methods106 patients (54 m; 52 f) diagnosed with GHD were included; 22 were GH-naïve, 84 were already on GH treatment and discontinued therapy 4 weeks before baseline values were established. IGF1RSA was determined by the IGF1R kinase receptor activating assay, total IGF1 by immunoassay (Immulite). GH doses were titrated to achieve total IGF1 levels within the normal range.ResultsAfter 12 months, total IGF1 and IGF1RSA increased significantly (total IGF1 from 8.1 (95% CI 7.3–8.9) to 14.9 (95% CI 13.5–16.4) nmol/l and IGF1RSA from 115 (95% CI 104–127) to 181 (95% CI 162–202) pmol/l). After 12 months, total IGF1 normalized in 81% of patients, IGF1RSA in 51% and remained below normal in more than 40% of patients in whom total IGF1 had normalized.ConclusionsDuring 12 months of GH treatment, changes in IGF1RSA did not parallel changes in total IGF1. Despite normalization of total IGF1, IGF1RSA remained subnormal in a considerable proportion of patients. At present our results have no short-term consequences for GH therapy of GHD patients. However, based on our findings we propose future studies to examine whether titrating GH dose against IGF1RSA results in a better clinical outcome than titrating against total IGF1.
Functional significance of the sex chromosomes during spermatogenesis
Authors: Hu Yueh-Chiang , Namekawa Satoshi H 
Published: May 2015

Mammalian sex chromosomes arose from an ordinary pair of autosomes. Over hundreds of millions of years, they have evolved into highly divergent X and Y chromosomes and have become increasingly specialized for male reproduction. Both sex chromosomes have acquired and amplified testis-specific genes, suggestive of roles in spermatogenesis. To understand how the sex chromosome genes participate in the regulation of spermatogenesis, we review genes, including single-copy, multi-copy, and ampliconic genes, whose spermatogenic functions have been demonstrated in mouse genetic studies. Sex chromosomes are subject to chromosome-wide transcriptional silencing in meiotic and postmeiotic stages of spermatogenesis. We also discuss particular sex-linked genes that escape postmeiotic silencing and their evolutionary implications. The unique gene contents and genomic structures of the sex chromosomes reflect their strategies to express genes at various stages of spermatogenesis and reveal the driving forces that shape their evolution.Free Chinese abstract: A Chinese translation of this abstract is freely available athttp://www.reproduction-online.org/content/149/6/R265/suppl/DC1.Free Japanese abstract: A Japanese translation of this abstract is freely available athttp://www.reproduction-online.org/content/149/6/R265/suppl/DC2.
Effects of hydrosulfide and pH on iodine release from an alumina matrix solid confining silver iodide
Authors: Sakuragi Tomofumi , Yoshida Satoshi , Kato Osamu , Masuda Kaoru 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTAlumina matrix solidification is a hot isostatic pressing (HIP) technique used to immobilize radioactive iodine (129I) in the form of silver iodide. In the present study, an alumina matrix solidification sample with a porosity of 12.9% was obtained by performing HIP at 175 MPa and 1200°C for 3 hours on a simulated spent silver-sorbent saturated with stable iodine. Material Characterization Centre-1 (MCC-1) leaching tests for the simulated waste form were performed using hydrosulfide (HS-) as a reductant at concentrations ranging from 3 × 10-7 M to 3 × 10-3 M and at pH values ranging from 8.0 to 12.5. Leached iodine concentrations were below the detection limit for ICP-MS measurements at HS- concentrations of 3 × 10-7 M and 3 × 10-5 M. This result was due to the stability of AgI. At an HS- concentration of 3 × 10-3 M, iodine leaching rapidly increased within 10 days. The maximum iodine concentration in the solution was 4.33 × 10-3 M, which corresponds to 85% dissolution of the initial iodine. This value was measured after 552 days under an HS- concentration of 3 × 10-3 M at pH 11. An analysis of specimen cross-sections suggested the following reaction: 2AgI + HS- = Ag2S + 2I- + H+. The pH affected matrix aluminum dissolution but did not significantly affect the iodine leaching behavior. Furthermore, the normalized mass loss of iodine was larger than that of aluminum by a factor greater than 104, which is due to the large porosity and the dissolution of interior AgI of the solid.
Growths of AlInN Single Layers and Distributed Bragg Reflectors for VCSELs
Authors: Kozuka Y. , Ikeyama K. , Yasuda T. , Takeuchi T. , Kamiyama S. , Iwaya M. , Akasaki I. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTWe investigated MOVPE growth conditions for AlInN layers with high growth rates and obtained 0.5µm/h with smooth surfaces. We found that short gas mixing time, relatively high growth temperature, and very low In/Al supply ratio were key growth parameters in order to obtain the AlInN layers with high growth rate and smooth surface simultaneously. AlInN/GaN DBRs grown under such growth conditions showed smooth surfaces and a reflectivity of over 99%.
Defects and Their Distribution in KH2PO4 Crystals with Embedded TiO2 Nanoparticles
Authors: Grachev Valentin , Tse Romand , Vrable Ian , Pritula Igor , Bezkrovnaya Olga , Kosinova Anna , Yatsyna Vasyl , Gayvoronsky Vladimir , Malovichko Galina 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTResults from the successful growth of high quality KH2PO4 (KDP) crystals with incorporated TiO2 anatase nanoparticles and the characterization of these crystals using several complementary methods are presented. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy have shown that the anatase nanoparticles were captured mainly by the pyramidal growth sector and, to a considerably lesser extent, by the prismatic growth sector. Energy dispersive x-ray analysis confirms that the growth layer stacks contain the TiO2 particles. Significant variation in the imaginary and real parts of the cubic nonlinear optical susceptibilities and refractive index changes at continuous wave excitation were found in prism and pyramid parts of pure KDP and KDP:TiO2 samples. The identified lines of electron paramagnetic resonance belong to four different centers FeA3+, FeB3+, CrR3+ and CrGB3+. From analysis of line intensities it was concluded that the concentration of non-controlled impurities in nominally pure KDP samples is several times larger than in KDP:TiO2, and that the concentration of non-controlled impurities in the prismatic part of the KDP:TiO2 boule is larger than in the pyramidal part.
Längenasymmetrie der Zehen bei Kühen mit Rusterholz’schen Sohlengeschwüren
Authors: Rüegsegger F. , Muggli E. , Nuss K. 
Published: May 2015

ZusammenfassungGegenstand und Ziel: Untersuchung der Längendifferenz zwischen lateraler und medialer Zehe bei Hinterfüßen von Schlachtkühen mit Rusterholz’schen Sohlengeschwüren und klauengesunden Füßen. Material und Methoden: Untersucht wurden insgesamt 100 Füße von Schlachtkühen, davon 25 mit einer Verfärbung des Horns an der Prädilektionsstelle des Rusterholz’schen Sohlengeschwürs, 26 mit einem Sohlengeschwür von < 1 cm2 Durchmesser und 24 mit einem Sohlengeschwür von > 1,5 cm2 Durchmesser. Als Kontrollgruppe dienten 25 Füße von klauengesunden Schlachtkühen. Anhand von plantarodorsalen Röntgenbildern wurden die Längen der Röhrbeinepiphysen sowie der Phalangen (Ph) vermessen und drei Gesamtlängen bestimmt. Die Daten wurden mithilfe des Statistikprogramms SPSS analysiert. Ergebnisse: Die Mittelwerte der Längen von Ph1, Ph2 und der drei Gesamtlängen der lateralen Zehe waren größer als diejenigen der medialen Zehe. Demgegenüber war die Ph3 an der medialen Zehe länger. Mit einer Ausnahme, dem Vergleich der Gesamtlänge 2 zwischen der Kontrollgruppe und der Gruppe mit Hornverfärbung an der Prädilektionsstelle, wiesen die Füße mit Sohlengeschwüren keinen signifikant größeren Längenunterschied zwischen Außen- und Innenzehe auf als die Kontrollfüße. Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz: Diese Ergebnisse bestätigen die Längenasymmetrie der Zehen des Rindes, deren Auswirkung auf die Entstehung von Sohlengeschwüren allerdings weiterer Untersuchungen bedarf.
BRCAPRO 6.0 Model Validation in Male Patients Presenting for BRCA Testing
Authors: Mitri Zahi I. , Jackson Michelle , Garby Carolyn , Song Juhee , Giordano Sharon H. , Hortobágyi Gabriel N. , Singletary Claire N. , Hashmi S. Shahrukh , Arun Banu K. , Litton Jennifer K. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract

Background.
BRCAPRO is a risk assessment model to estimate the risk of carrying a BRCA mutation. BRCA mutation carriers are at higher risk of developing breast, ovarian, pancreatic, and prostate cancer. BRCAPRO was developed for women and found to be superior to other risk assessment models. The present study evaluated the validity of BRCAPRO at predicting the risk of male patients carrying a BRCA mutation.

Patients and Methods.
A total of 146 men who presented for genetic counseling and testing from February1997 to September 2011, and their test results were included in the present study. BRCAPRO risk assessment for all patients was calculated using the BRCAPRO clinical CancerGene assessment software.

Results.
The mean age at presentation was 57 years. Of the 146 patients, 48 had breast cancer, 18 had pancreatic cancer, 39 had prostate cancer, 27 had other primary cancers, and 37 had no cancer. Fifty patients (34%) tested positive for a BRCA mutation (22 BRCA1, 27 BRCA2, and 1 BRCA1 and BRCA2). The mean BRCAPRO score for all patients was 24.96%. The BRCAPRO score was significantly higher for patients who tested positive for a BRCA mutation (46.19% vs. 13.9%, p &lt; .01). The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve was 0.83 for all patients for the BRCAPRO score to predict the risk of carrying a BRCA mutation. At a cutoff point of 30.02%, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 0.74, 0.81, 0.67, and 0.86, respectively.

Conclusion.
BRCAPRO appears to be a valid risk assessment tool for determining the risk of carrying a BRCA mutation in men.

Implications for Practice:
Men carrying genetic mutations in the BRCA gene have a greater risk than the general population of developing certain types of cancer, including breast, pancreatic, and prostate cancer. BRCAPRO is a risk assessment model that predicts the risk of carrying a BRCA mutation. The present study aimed at validating BRCAPRO for use with men seen for genetic counseling, whether affected by cancer or not. The data available for 146 patients revealed that BRCAPRO was effective at identifying patients at risk of BRCA mutation. These findings could help in identifying a subset of high-risk patients who should proceed to genetic testing.
Dados preliminares da estrutura cristalina da gahnita gemológica do pegmatito Alto Mirador, província pegmatítica da Borborema, NE do Brasil
Authors: Soares Dwight Rodrigues , Ferreira Ana Cláudia Mousinho , Lima2 Rodrigo José da Silva , Suassuna Filho José , Ferreira José Aderaldo de Medeiros 
Published: May 2015

O pegmatito granítico Alto Mirador é um corpo zonado, complexo, localizado no município de Carnaúba dos Dantas, Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, inserido na Província Pegmatítica da Borborema (PPB), nordeste do Brasil. A gahnita ocorre neste pegmatito com qualidade gemológica nas cores verde clara e verde escura. Sua composição química mostra que trata-se de uma fase mineral quase pura, com traços de Mn, Mg, Ca, Si, Ti e Cr. A sua composição molecular, apresenta 95mol% de gahnita (Gh). As composições químicas médias obtidas por análises de microssonda eletrônica são dadas por: A(Zn7,51Fe2+0,14Mn0,19Mg0,06Ca0,002)7,90 (Al16,06Si0,004Ti0,003Cr0,001) 16,07O32 para a gahnita verde clara e A(Zn6,98Fe2+0,38Mn0,21Mg0,44Ca0,001)8,01(Al15,95 Fe3+0,04Si 0,004Ti0,002Cr0,001)16O32 para a gahnita verde escura. Os resultados de difração de raios X e refinamento Rietveld para a gahnita verde claro indicam a presença da fase única da ZnAl2 O4 (gahnita), com simetria cúbica e grupo espacial Fd3m (espinélio). Os resultados obtidos por refinamento Rietveld exibem os seguintes parâmetros: a = 8,07995 Å, a = b = g = 90°, volume da célula unitária V = 527,505 (Å)3 e densidade dcalc = 4.497 g/cm3.