bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Warpage evaluation and mechanical characterisation of modified polyamide-6 specimens produced by Arburg plastic freeformer
Authors: Porcaro Rita , Fontana Francesco , Ciotti Michele , Mele Mattia , Pisaneschi Gregorio , Campana Giampaolo , Zucchelli Andrea , Fiorini Maurizio 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn injection moulding and additive manufacturing processes, it is common for the final product to exhibit warpage induced by a non-uniform cooling rate after material deposition. Residual stresses can be generated in the built parts, with a volume shrinkage that leads to dimensional inaccuracy and reduced usability. This phenomenon is even amplified in the presence of semi-crystalline polymers, which still need to be more widespread among additive manufacturing processes despite their capacity to show better mechanical properties when compared to amorphous ones. This study evaluates the degree of deformation and subsequently characterises the mechanical properties of a novel modified Polyamide 6 formulation (i.e., RADILON® S X21351 NT) printed through the Arburg Plastic Freeforming process. This new proprietary formulation modified the crystallisation behaviour during cooling. The whole exothermic crystallisation peak was shifted to lower temperatures, allowing the processing envelope of the modified formulation to widen. More specifically, after preliminary polymer characterisation analyses and after evaluating the warpage, a mechanical characterisation was performed using tensile tests on specimens (dry-as-moulded and conditioned) printed with different filling strategies on the build platform (XY-0°; XY- ± 45°; XY-90°; ZX-0°). Measured mechanical properties were ultimately compared to those achieved by applying the injection moulding technique on the same non-modified material. The specimens produced through the Arburg Plastic Freeforming process showed brittle behaviour that was more marked than those obtained by injection moulding. Moreover, the infill direction and water content significantly influenced the mechanical properties of specimens.
Model Biases in Simulating Extreme Sea Ice Loss Associated With the Record January 2022 Arctic Cyclone
Authors: Blanchard‐Wrigglesworth Edward , Brenner Samuel , Webster Melinda , Horvat Chris , Foss Øyvind , Bitz Cecilia M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn January 2022, the strongest Arctic cyclone on record resulted in a record weekly loss in sea ice cover in the Barents‐Kara‐Laptev seas. While ECMWF operational forecasts skillfully predicted the cyclone, the loss in sea ice was poorly predicted. We explore the ocean's response to the cyclone using observations from an Argo float that was profiling in the region, and investigate model biases in simulating the observed sea ice loss in a fully coupled GCM. The observations showed changes over the whole ocean column in the Barents Sea after the passage of the storm, cooling and mixing with enough implied heat release to melt roughly 1 m of sea ice. We replicate the observed cyclone in the GCM by nudging the model's winds to observations above the boundary layer. In these simulations, the associated loss of sea ice is only about 10%–15% of the observed loss, and the ocean exhibits very small changes in response to the cyclone. With the use of a simple 1‐D ice‐ocean model, we find that the overly strong ocean stratification in the GCM may be a significant source of model bias in its simulated response to the cyclone. However, even initialized with observed stratification profiles, the 1‐D model also underestimated mixing and sea ice melt relative to the observations.
Neuromonitoring practices for neonates with congenital heart disease: a scoping review
Authors: Pardo Andrea C. , Carrasco Melisa , Wintermark Pia , Nunes Denise , Chock Valerie Y. , Sen Shawn , Wusthoff Courtney J. ,   On behalf of the Newborn Brain Society, Guidelines and Publications Committee, Bonifacio Sonia , Aly Hany , Chau Vann , Glass Hannah , Lemmon Monica , deVeber Gabrielle , Boardman James P. , Gano Dawn , Peeples Eric , Leijser Lara M. , Nakwa Firdose , Selvanathan Thiviya 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Neonates with congenital heart disease (CHD) are at risk for adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. This scoping review summarizes neuromonitoring methods in neonates with CHD. We identified 84 studies investigating the use of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) (n = 37), electroencephalography (EEG) (n = 20), amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) (n = 10), transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) (n = 6), and multimodal monitoring (n = 11). NIRS was used to evaluate cerebral oxygenation, identify risk thresholds and adverse events in the intensive care unit (ICU), and outcomes. EEG was utilized to screen for seizures and to predict adverse outcomes. Studies of aEEG have focused on characterizing background patterns, detecting seizures, and outcomes. Studies of TCD have focused on correlation with short-term clinical outcomes. Multimodal monitoring studies characterized cerebral physiologic dynamics. Most of the studies were performed in single centers, had a limited number of neonates (range 3–183), demonstrated variability in neuromonitoring practices, and lacked standardized approaches to neurodevelopmental testing. We identified areas of improvement for future research: (1) large multicenter studies to evaluate developmental correlates of neuromonitoring practices; (2) guidelines to standardize neurodevelopmental testing methodologies; (3) research to address geographic variation in resource utilization; (4) integration and synchronization of multimodal monitoring; and (5) research to establish a standardized framework for neuromonitoring techniques across diverse settings.

Impact

This scoping review summarizes the literature regarding neuromonitoring practices in neonates with congenital heart disease (CHD).

The identification of low cerebral oxygenation thresholds with NIRS may be used to identify neonates at risk for adverse events in the ICU or adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Postoperative neuromonitoring with continuous EEG screening for subclinical seizures and status epilepticus, allow for early and appropriate therapy.

Future studies should focus on enrolling larger multicenter cohorts of neonates with CHD with a standardized framework of neuromonitoring practices in this population.

Postoperative neurodevelopmental testing should utilize standard assessments and testing intervals.
Understanding the function of Pax5 in development of docetaxel-resistant neuroendocrine-like prostate cancers
Authors: Bhattacharya Sreyashi , Harris Hannah L. , Islam Ridwan , Bodas Sanika , Polavaram Navatha , Mishra Juhi , Das Dipanwita , Seshacharyulu Parthasarathy , Kalluchi Achyuth , Pal Anirban , Kohli Manish , Lele Subodh M. , Muders Michael , Batra Surinder K. , Ghosh Paramita M. , Datta Kaustubh , Rowley M. Jordan , Dutta Samikshan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractResistance to the current Androgen Receptor Signaling Inhibitor (ARSI) therapies has led to higher incidences of therapy-induced neuroendocrine-like prostate cancer (t-NEPC). This highly aggressive subtype with predominant small-cell-like characteristics is resistant to taxane chemotherapies and has a dismal overall survival. t-NEPCs are mostly treated with platinum-based drugs with a combination of etoposide or taxane and have less selectivity and high systemic toxicity, which often limit their clinical potential. During t-NEPC transformation, adenocarcinomas lose their luminal features and adopt neuro-basal characteristics. Whether the adaptive neuronal characteristics of t-NEPC are responsible for such taxane resistance remains unknown. Pathway analysis from patient gene-expression databases indicates that t-NEPC upregulates various neuronal pathways associated with enhanced cellular networks. To identify transcription factor(s) (TF) that could be important for promoting the gene expression for neuronal characters in t-NEPC, we performed ATAC-Seq, acetylated-histone ChIP-seq, and RNA-seq in our NE-like cell line models and analyzed the promoters of transcriptionally active and significantly enriched neuroendocrine-like (NE-like) cancer-specific genes. Our results indicate that Pax5 could be an important transcription factor for neuronal gene expression and specific to t-NEPC. Pathway analysis revealed that Pax5 expression is involved in axonal guidance, neurotransmitter regulation, and neuronal adhesion, which are critical for strong cellular communications. Further results suggest that depletion of Pax5 disrupts neurite-mediated cellular communication in NE-like cells and reduces surface growth factor receptor activation, thereby, sensitizing them to docetaxel therapies. Moreover, t-NEPC-specific hydroxymethylation of Pax5 promoter CpG islands favors Pbx1 binding to induce Pax5 expression. Based on our study, we concluded that continuous exposure to ARSI therapies leads to epigenetic modifications and Pax5 activation in t-NEPC, which promotes the expression of genes necessary to adopt taxane-resistant NE-like cancer. Thus, targeting the Pax5 axis can be beneficial for reverting their taxane sensitivity.
A novel protein encoded by circCOPA inhibits the malignant phenotype of glioblastoma cells and increases their sensitivity to temozolomide by disrupting the NONO–SFPQ complex
Authors: Peng Dazhao , Wei Cheng , Jing Boyuan , Yu Runze , Zhang Zhenyu , Han Lei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) represents a primary malignant brain tumor. Temozolomide resistance is a major hurdle in GBM treatment. Proteins encoded by circular RNAs (circRNAs) can modulate the sensitivity of multiple tumor chemotherapies. However, the impact of circRNA-encoded proteins on GBM sensitivity to temozolomide remains unknown. Herein, we discover a circRNA (circCOPA) through the circRNA microarray profile in GBM samples, which can encode a novel 99 amino acid protein (COPA-99aa) through its internal ribosome entry site. Functionally, circCOPA overexpression in GBM cells inhibits cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and growth in vivo. Rather than itself, circCOPA mainly functions as a suppressive effector by encoding COPA-99aa. Moreover, we reveal that circCOPA is downregulated in GBM tissues and high expression of circCOPA is related to a better prognosis in GBM patients. Mechanistically, a heteromer of SFPQ and NONO is required for double-strand DNA break repair. COPA-99aa disrupts the dimerization of NONO and SFPQ by separately binding with the NONO and SFPQ proteins, thus resulting in the inhibition of proliferation or invasion and the increase of temozolomide-induced DNA damage in GBM cells. Collectively, our data suggest that circCOPA mainly contributes to inhibiting the GBM malignant phenotype through its encoded COPA-99aa and that COPA-99aa increases temozolomide-induced DNA damage by interfering with the dimerization of NONO and SFPQ. Restoring circCOPA or COPA-99aa may increase the sensitivity of patients to temozolomide.
Efficacy of periodontal treatment modalities in Down syndrome patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yehia Zakaria , Silbereisen Angelika , Koletsi Despina , Arabzadehtousi Mahla , Tsilingaridis Georgios , Bostanci Nagihan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Objective
The systematic review aimed to review the existing evidence, to identify and appraise the effectiveness of periodontal prevention and treatment modalities in individuals diagnosed with Down syndrome (DS) and to determine the estimates of the effects of implemented periodontal prevention and treatment strategies compared to chromosomally normal (CN) individuals.

Methodology
The systematic review was conducted and reported in conformity with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. The study protocol was registered in the Open Science Framework. Electronic and manual searches, in accordance with PICO framework and delineated inclusion/exclusion criteria, were conducted in multiple databases.

Results
The initial search identified 11,704 studies. After removing duplicates, 9,048 remained. Title and abstract screening narrowed these to 281 for full-text review. Ultimately, 16 studies met the inclusion criteria, with 4 eligible for quantitative data synthesis. Results of the meta-analysis indicated that professional tooth cleaning in combination with oral hygiene reinforcement was less effective in the reduction of PPD in patients with DS compared to those without DS (Mean difference (MD): 0.23; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.14 to 0.32; p < 0.001).

Discussion
These findings suggest that conventional periodontal treatment is less effective in managing periodontitis in patients with DS. Thus, tailored periodontal care strategies that address the specific needs of individuals with DS should be implemented to improve treatment outcomes for this population The presence of moderate to high risk of bias in the included studies underscores the need for rigorously designed research that minimizes bias through effective blinding, randomization, control of confounding factors, and inclusion of diverse treatment outcomes to further investigate these associations.

Conclusion
Based on the best available evidence, professional tooth cleaning combined with oral hygiene instructions appears to be less effective in reducing pocket depths in individuals with DS compared to those without DS. https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/UXTCG
Lentiviral vector gene therapy and CFTR modulators show comparable effectiveness in cystic fibrosis rat airway models
Authors: McCarron Alexandra , Ling Kak-Ming , Montgomery Samuel T. , Martinovich Kelly M. , Cmielewski Patricia , Rout-Pitt Nathan , Kicic Anthony , Parsons David , Donnelley Martin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMutation-agnostic treatments such as airway gene therapy have the potential to treat any individual with cystic fibrosis (CF), irrespective of their CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene variants. The aim of this study was to employ two CF rat models, Phe508del and CFTR knockout (KO), to assess the comparative effectiveness of CFTR modulators and lentiviral (LV) vector-mediated gene therapy. Cells were isolated from the tracheas of rats and used to establish air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures. Phe508del rat ALIs were treated with the modulator combination, elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor (ETI), and separate groups of Phe508del and KO tracheal epithelial cells were treated with LV-CFTR followed by differentiation at ALI. Ussing chamber measurements were performed to assess CFTR function. ETI-treated Phe508del ALI cultures demonstrated CFTR function that was 59% of wild-type level, while gene-addition therapy restored Phe508del to 68% and KO to 47% of wild-type level, respectively. Our findings show that rat Phe508del-CFTR protein can be successfully rescued with ETI treatment, and that CFTR gene-addition therapy provides significant CFTR correction in Phe508del and KO ALI cultures to levels that were comparable to ETI. These findings highlight the potential of an LV vector-based gene therapy for the treatment of CF lung disease.
18F-FDG-PET/MR imaging to monitor disease activity in large vessel vasculitis
Authors: Pugh Dan , Patel Dilip , Macnaught Gillian , Czopek Alicja , Bruce Lorraine , Donachie James , Gallacher Peter J. , Tan Sovira , Ahlman Mark , Grayson Peter C. , Basu Neil , Dhaun Neeraj 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDisease-monitoring in large vessel vasculitis (LVV) is challenging. Simultaneous18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography with magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) provides functional assessment of vascular inflammation alongside high-definition structural imaging with a relatively low burden of radiation exposure. Here, we investigate the ability of PET/MRI to monitor LVV disease activity longitudinally in a prospective cohort of patients with active LVV. We demonstrate that both the PET and MRI components of the scan can distinguish active from inactive disease using established quantification methods. Using logistic-regression modelling of PET/MRI metrics, we devise a novel PET/MRI-specificVasculitisActivity usingMRPET (VAMP) score which is able to distinguish active from inactive disease with more accuracy than established methods and detects changes in disease activity longitudinally. These findings are evaluated in an independent validation cohort. Finally, PET/MRI improves clinicians’ assessment of LVV disease activity and confidence in disease management, as assessed via clinician survey. In summary, PET/MRI may be useful in tracking disease activity and assessing treatment-response in LVV. Based on our findings, larger, prospective studies assessing PET/MRI in LVV are now warranted.
A ventromedial visual cortical ‘Where’ stream to the human hippocampus for spatial scenes revealed with magnetoencephalography
Authors: Rolls Edmund T. , Yan Xiaoqian , Deco Gustavo , Zhang Yi , Jousmaki Veikko , Feng Jianfeng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe primate including the human hippocampus implicated in episodic memory and navigation represents a spatial view, very different from the place representations in rodents. To understand this system in humans, and the computations performed, the pathway for this spatial view information to reach the hippocampus was analysed in humans. Whole-brain effective connectivity was measured with magnetoencephalography between 30 visual cortical regions and 150 other cortical regions using the HCP-MMP1 atlas in 21 participants while performing a 0-back scene memory task. In a ventromedial visual stream, V1–V4 connect to the ProStriate region where the retrosplenial scene area is located. The ProStriate region has connectivity to ventromedial visual regions VMV1–3 and VVC. These ventromedial regions connect to the medial parahippocampal region PHA1–3, which, with the VMV regions, include the parahippocampal scene area. The medial parahippocampal regions have effective connectivity to the entorhinal cortex, perirhinal cortex, and hippocampus. In contrast, when viewing faces, the effective connectivity was more through a ventrolateral visual cortical stream via the fusiform face cortex to the inferior temporal visual cortex regions TE2p and TE2a. A ventromedial visual cortical ‘Where’ stream to the hippocampus for spatial scenes was supported by diffusion topography in 171 HCP participants at 7 T.
Improving genetic risk modeling of dementia from real-world data in underrepresented populations
Authors: Fu Mingzhou , Valiente-Banuet Leopoldo , Wadhwa Satpal S. , Pasaniuc Bogdan , Vossel Keith , Chang Timothy S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGenetic risk modeling for dementia offers significant benefits, but studies based on real-world data, particularly for underrepresented populations, are limited. We employ an Elastic Net model for dementia risk prediction using single-nucleotide polymorphisms prioritized by functional genomic data from multiple neurodegenerative disease genome-wide association studies. We compare this model with APOE and polygenic risk score models across genetic ancestry groups (Hispanic Latino American sample: 610 patients with 126 cases; African American sample: 440 patients with 84 cases; East Asian American sample: 673 patients with 75 cases), using electronic health records from UCLA Health for discovery and the All of Us cohort for validation. Our model significantly outperforms other models across multiple ancestries, improving the area-under-precision-recall curve by 31–84% (Wilcoxon signed-rank test p-value <0.05) and the area-under-the-receiver-operating characteristic by 11–17% (DeLong test p-value <0.05) compared to the APOE and the polygenic risk score models. We identify shared and ancestry-specific risk genes and biological pathways, reinforcing and adding to existing knowledge. Our study highlights the benefits of integrating functional mapping, multiple neurodegenerative diseases, and machine learning for genetic risk models in diverse populations. Our findings hold potential for refining precision medicine strategies in dementia diagnosis.
SARS-CoV-2 infection results in a unique lung proteome long after virus resolution in the hamster
Authors: Boese Amrit S. , Warner Bryce M. , McQueen Peter , Vendramelli Robert , Tailor Nikesh , Griffin Bryan D. , Chan Mable , Audet Jonathan , Leung Anders , McCorrister Stuart , Grant Chris , Westmacott Garrett , Kobasa Darwyn 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLong COVID or post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) remains an ongoing public health issue that causes impairment for those afflicted and diminishes their ability to contribute to society. To address the host response underpinning respiratory PASC, we used the Golden Syrian hamster model infected with ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and examined its lung proteome in a longitudinal experiment. We infected young 6-week old male and female hamsters with 105 TCID50 of virus via the intranasal route and sampled the lung at 1, 3, 5, and 31 days post infection (dpi). We compared the infected lung proteome to that of uninfected sex-matched controls. We found almost no differences in protein levels at 1 dpi, with hundreds at 3 dpi, and thousands at 5 dpi. Many overlapping differential protein levels and pathways were seen in both sexes at 3 and 5 dpi including the Coagulation and Complement cascades. Notably, we found differences between the sexes at 31 dpi which included many targets with decreased levels of protein in the males. We also noted an increase in 7 proteins in both sexes at 31 dpi including proteins responsible for airway mucosal layer integrity such as Mucin 5B and Calcium-activated chloride channel regulator 1. Longitudinally, 38 proteins were changed in levels across more than one timepoint in the males but only three proteins were in the females, Secretoglobin family 1 A member 1, Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase, and Apolipoprotein D. Overall, we show that there are changes to the lung proteome at 31 dpi, a time when no SARS-CoV-2 remains, and that there are sex differences in that proteome after infection with the ancestral strain. We conclude that biological sex should be examined as a variable when testing medical countermeasures for PASC in the Golden Syrian hamster due to host differences between the sexes.
Sociology, Human Rights, and Religious Freedom
Authors: Breskaya Olga , Giordan Giuseppe , Richardson James T 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter addresses two questions: Why did it take so long for sociology to be applied to the study of religious freedom, and how has it already contributed to the study of human rights? First, the chapter outlines the multiple difficulties of theorizing human rights in the framework of sociology and considers recent sociological arguments in favor of the value-laden, socially practiced, and culturally conditioned nature of rights. Second, it discusses the sociolegal conception of the norm-making process as introduced by sociologist Gurvitch along with his “continuum of freedom,” applying it to the analysis of practices of religious freedom. Third, it overviews Luhmann’s sociological perspective concerning human rights, considered not only as legal principles but also in terms of social institutions. Finally, it addresses the sociological analysis of religious freedom within the framework of secularization and rational choice theory specifying a sociological perspective to the study of religious freedom.