bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Refractory open angle glaucoma treated by high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). Results at one year of a prospective series
Authors: ROULAND J , APTEL F 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To assess the safety and efficacy of Ultrasound Circular Cyclo‐Coagulation (UC3 procedure) using HIFU (high intensity focused ultrasound) in patients with refractory open angle glaucoma.Methods Prospective clinical series performed in two centers, on twenty‐eight eyes of twenty‐eight patients with primary open‐angle glaucoma, treated with the EyeOP1 medical device equipped with six miniaturized cylindrical piezoelectric transducers. All eyes were treated with a 6‐second exposure time from each transducer. The main assessment criteria were safety and efficacy as indicated by the incidence of complications and by the IOP reduction. Ophthalmic, ultrasound biomicroscopy and flare examinations were performed before treatment and during clinical follow‐up at D1, D7, M1, M2, M3 M6 and M12Results The mean intraocular pressure was significantly reduced from 29.0 ± 7.2 mmHg before treatment to 21.6 ± 9.4 mmHg at last follow‐up. Eight patients needed to be re‐treated. Complete success rate, as defined by an IOP reduction >20% and IOP> 5 mmHg after one UC3 procedure was 50%, and 68% after re‐treatments. The mean IOP reduction achieved in responding patients was 45%. No major intra‐ or post‐operative complications occurred. Clinical examination showed no lesions of the ocular structures other than the ciliary body and no or few signs of intraocular inflammation after treatment. Ocular inflammation evidenced by flare was very limited and non‐significant.Conclusion Coagulation of the ciliary body using high intensity focused ultrasound delivered by miniaturized transducers is a simple, well‐tolerated procedure which enables to significantly reduce the intraocular pressure in patients with refractory Open Angle Glaucoma.
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MHC Class II expression in the retina during experimental autoimmune uveitis
Authors: LIPSKI D , DEWISPELAERE R , FOUCART V , CASPERS L , BRUYNS C , WILLERMAIN F 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Autoimmune posterior non infectious uveitis induction requires intraocular MHCII‐dependent recognition of a retinal antigen by autoreactive T cells. MHCII basal retinal expression is weak, but possibly induced during uveitis. In this work, we aim to identify the retinal cell types susceptible to express MHCII during EAU.Methods C57Bl/6 mice were immunized with IRBP1–20. At day 12, T cells were semi‐purified from lymph nodes and spleens, re‐stimulated in vitro and injected to naive C57Bl/6 mice. Fundoscopy was performed after 3 weeks. MHCII expression was analyzed by immunofluorescence on eye cryosections and co‐labellings for GFAP, CD31, endoglin and IBA‐1 realized to identify cells expressing MHCII.Results No expression of MHCII is detected in naive retinas, while strong induction is found during EAU. The majority of cells infiltrating the vitreous co‐stain for MHCII and IBA‐1, a marker of macrophages and microglial cells. Extravasated cells around vasculitis lesions also show MHCII staining, partially co‐localized with IBA‐1. At the vascular level, marginal expression of MHCII appears on GFAP+ (glial and Müller cells) and CD31+ (endothelial cells, platelets and macrophages) cells, while no co‐staining is observed with endoglin. MHCII is expressed on the ciliary body epithelium and lightly on the RPE. Microglia displays an intense diffuse MHCII expression.Conclusion Our results support a strong MHCII induction during EAU, on both retinal and infiltrating cells. At the level of the BRB, although RPE cells express some MHCII, our data do not demonstrate expression of MHCII by endothelial cells. The question of how antigen presentation to activated T cells occurs at the site of the inner BRB remains to be addressed.
Ocular manifestations among hiv children at the regional hospital of bafoussam ‐ cameroon
Authors: DOMNGANG NOCHE C , KAGMENI G , KEMAYOU D , BELLA A 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose to determine the frequency and types of ocular manifestations in HIV children, as well as search for determinants of these ocular manifestationsMethods Our study was cross‐sectional and descriptive, and was held in the Regional Hospital of Bafoussam (Cameroon) from March to June 2013. The sampling was consecutive.Results Forty (21 boys and 19 girls) children were included in the study (mean age= 7.5 years) which 97.5% were under treatment. The overall frequency of participants with ocular manifestations was 27.5% (n=11/40) with a predominance of adnexal disorders (n=7). Adnexal pathologies found were infectious conjunctivitis (n=3), allergic conjunctivitis (n=1), blepharitis (n=1), molluscum contagiosum (n=1) and nystagmus (n=1). The only anterior segment disease found was a cataract with posterior synechiae (n=1) and the posterior segment pathologies were: a retinitis with vasculitis (n=1) and a papillary atrophy (n=2). The frequency of eye diseases was 33,3% (n=7/21) among boys and 22,0% (4/19) among girls (p=0,38). They were more prevalent in the < 5 years (33,3%, n = 4 /12) and 11‐15 years (38,5%, n=5/13) and were less in the 6‐10 years (13,3%, n=2 /15) (p=0,52). They were also more frequent among participants with CD4 between 201 and 400 cells/mm3 (p=0,36).Conclusion The frequency of ocular manifestations of HIV children (victims of mother to child transmission) was 27.5% in our study. The most frequent pathologies were not specific to the HIV infection.
The functional role of RPGR protein complex in retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: SHU X , PATNAIK S , CRAFT J , MCCULLOCH D 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a progressive outer retinal dystrophy, affecting 1/3500 individuals in most populations. Mutations in the retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator (RPGR) gene are the most common single cause of RP, accounting for up to 20% of all cases. RPGR forms a protein complex by interacting with the RPGR‐interacting protein 1 (RPGRIP1) and/or RPGRIP1 like protein (RPGRIP1L). We aim to investigate the functional role of RPGR protein complex in the pathogenesis of RP.Methods Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to knock‐down RPGR, RPGRIP1 or RPGRIP1L in human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) 1 cell line. The efficiency of siRNA knock‐down was assessed by qualitative RT‐PCR and western blotting. The knock‐down effects of RPGR, RPGRIP1, or RPGRIP1L were characterized by immnocytochemistry, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and western blotting.Results Knock‐down of RPGR, RPGRIP1 or RPGRIP1L caused defects in ciliogenesis, remodelling of the actin cytoskeleton, and centrosome positioning. Since planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway regulates actin cytoskeleton rearrangement through activation of small RhoA GTPases. So, we performed ELISA and found that RhoA‐GTPase activity were upregulated in the absence of RPGR, RPGRIP1, or RPGRIP1L protein. We also found knock‐down of RPGR, RPGRIP1 or RPGRIP1L decreased the stability of DVl3 proteins, key components of polar cell polarity (PCP) pathway.Conclusion We provide compelling evidence that the RPGR protein complex is required for the stability of DVl3, and regulates RhoA for apical centrosome positioning required for cilia formation. We show a novel functional role of RPGR complex in cilia formation by regulating actin cytoskeleton through alteration of PCP pathway.
Analysis of the polymorphic variants of genes involved in miRNA pathway and its impact on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in pathogenesis of primary open angle galucoma
Authors: MAJSTEREK I , WALCZAK A , MARKIEWICZ L , PRZYBYLOWSKA‐SYGUT K , SZYMANEK K , GACEK M , SZAFLIK J , SZAFLIK JP 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Elevated intraocular pressure is concerned as the major risk factor of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling resulting in impaired outflow of aqueous humor from the eye. Their expression is crucial for a normal ECM structure synthesis and organization. It is estimated that about 30% of all human genes are regulated by microRNA (miRNA) pathway.Methods Blood samples of 250 patients and 250 age matched controls were enrolled in the study. We evaluated effects of 24 functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of miRNA pathway genes including DROSHA, DGCR8, XPO5, RAN, DICER1, TARBP2, AGO1, AGO2, GEMIN3, GEMIN4, HIWI by TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assay. We also performed a polygenic approach to assess the cumulative effects of these SNPs on MMPs expression level in POAG patients by Real‐Time PCR.Results The data statistical analysis showed that SNPs of miRNA might be associated with risk of POAG in a Polish population. Data also showed a correlation between disturbances in expression of MMPs genes connected with glaucoma pathophysiology and diversity of miRNA levels in eye tissues. Thus, the results may contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying this disease.Conclusion Furthermore, the results may be useful for direct application of specific types of miRNAs in the expression regulation of MMPs involved in pathogenesis of primary open angle glaucoma. The work was supported by the grant of National Science Center Poland no. 2012/05/B/NZ7/02502.
Comparative study of RNFL,GCA (macular ganglionnar cells) OCT alteration and MRI lesions in a population of multiple sclerosis patients (MS) with a recent history (less than 4 years)
Authors: BOURNIQUEL M , VALERO B , DE FARIA A , GIRAUD JM 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Spectral domain OCT allows measuring peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer and macular ganglionar cells and inner plexiform layers (GCA). Previous studies established alterations of these layers in ON.The aim of this study was to evaluate eyes without ON‐ and to compare GCA and RNFL lesions.Methods We studied 48 eyes from 24 patients with authentified MS.On 48 eyes,8 eyes had clinically proven optic neuritis in previous years. Patients with ON in the last 6 months, or with elevated intra ocular pressure,high myopia,or macular pathology were excluded.All had clinical exam and OCT measurement (Zeiss Cirrus).Results The 8 eyes with history of ON showed clear thinning of both GCA and RNFL (p<<0,05 with both).With the 40 other eyes,11 showed abnormalities with OCT,29 had normal OCT.In those 11 eyes,both OCT measurements ( RNFL and GCA) showed a thickness loss, but higher with GCA with a better statistical correlation ( p= 0,037 versus p=0,062).Futhermore, more dials were involved in GCA versus RNFL in the thinning topography for 7 eyes out this 11 eyes group.We ran a screening for IRM abnormalities for all 24 patients, categorizing them in three groups (high, medium and low lesion load) without any clear association to the OCT alterations.Conclusion This study confirmed acquired ganglion cells alterations,remaining after ON,in patients who had a complete visual function recovery.It showed GCA or RNFL abnormalities in one quarter of patient without ON history.GCA seems to have greater sensitivity than RNFL ,but further studies on biggest population are necessary to precise specificity an sensitivity of these two measures.
Strabismus and nystagmus in the congenital cataracts
Authors: LEE S , PARK J 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To evaluate the clinical manifestations and factors affecting onset of strabismus and nystagmus in the congenital cataracts.Methods 148 eyes of the 88 patients who had undergone cataract removal for congenital cataracts between January 1996 year and January 2011 year were reviewed. The age at the surgery was from 6 weeks to 21 years. The factors related with the development of strabismus and nystagmus were analyzed.Results The prevalence rate of strabismus was 28.8% in the bilateral cataracts, and 45% the unilateral cataracts at the last follow‐up. Exotropia was the most common type of strabismus both preoperatively and postoperatively regardless of bilaterality of the cataracts. The same type of strabismus persisted after surgery. Nystagmus was noted in the 18 patients (30.5%) only with bilateral cataracts. Nystagmus was accompanied significantly by strabismus in the 10 patients (55.6%). In the patients with nystagmus, esotropia:exotropia was 4:6 and poor visual prognosis was noted. Strabismus developed more significantly in the patients without primary IOL implantation.Conclusion The factors related with development of strabismus were unilateral cataracts, nystagmus, and aphakic state. Exotropia was the most common type and nystagmus was shown only in the bilateral cataracts.
Prevalence of optic neuropathy in alcoholic patients and predictive value of optic nerve alterations for its diagnosis
Authors: MICHAU S , RIGOLE H , PERNEY P , VILLAIN M , DAIEN V 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Optic neuropathy (ON) is one of the complications of alcohol. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of alcoholic ON in a cohort of patients hospitalized for alcohol withdrawal. Secondary objective was to explore the predictive value of optic nerve changes for diagnosis of ON.Methods This was a single‐center prospective study. A complete eye examination was performed during the patient's alcohol withdrawal. The definition of alcoholic ON used was an assocation of alterations of visual field with impaired color vision. Optic nerve function and morphology were assessed using visual evoked potentials, optical coherence tomography (OCT), Nerve Fiber Indicator from polarimetry (GDx) and Moorfields Regression Analysis of the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph II (MRA‐HRT II).Results Two hundred patients were included prospectively from January 2010 to June 2013 (145 men and 55 women) with a mean age of 47 ± 12 year. The average alcohol consumption was 220 ± 122 g/day. 46 patients (23%) responded to alcoholic ON defintion (13.5 % in both eyes and 9.5% in only one eye). Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for visual evoked potentials were of 55.5% and 54.5% respectively; for GDx 18% and 97%, respectively; for OCT 38% and 92%, respectively; and for MRA‐HRT II 19% and 79%, respectively.Conclusion A high prevalence of alcoholic ON observed in this study should prompt screening and early treatment. From predictive value of objective optic nerve changes, we discuss the best couple of exams to complete the screening of alcoholic ON.
Pentraxin‐3 level at admission is a strong predictor of short‐term mortality in a community‐based hospital setting
Authors: Bastrup‐Birk S. , Munthe‐Fog L. , Skjoedt M.‐O. , Ma Y. J. , Nielsen H. , Køber L. , Nielsen O. W. , Iversen K. , Garred P. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe pattern recognition molecule pentraxin‐3 (PTX3) is a novel potential marker of prognosis, as elevated levels are associated with both disease severity and mortality in patients with a wide range of conditions. However, the usefulness of PTX3 as a prognostic biomarker in a general hospital setting is unknown.Patients and methodsThe study cohort consisted of 1326 unselected, consecutive patients (age >40 years) admitted to a community hospital in Copenhagen, Denmark. Patients were followed until death or for a median of 11.5 years after admission. The main outcome measure was all‐cause mortality. Serum samples collected from patients at admission and from 192 healthy control subjects were quantified for PTX3 level by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsPTX3 was elevated in patients (median 3.7 ng mL−1, range 0.5–209.8) compared with healthy nonhospitalized subjects (median 3.5 ng mL−1, range 0.0–8.3; P = 0.0003). Elevated PTX3 levels, defined as above the 95th percentile of the concentration in healthy subjects, were associated with increased overall mortality during the study (P < 0.0001). This increase in mortality was greatest in the short term, with an unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 6.4 [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.8–11.0] at 28 days after admission, compared to 1.7 (95% CI 1.4–2.0) at the end of follow‐up. These results were still significant after adjustment for age, gender and glomerular filtration rate: adjusted HR of 5.0 (95% CI 2.9–8.8) and 1.4 (95% CI 1.2–1.8), respectively.ConclusionThese results suggest that PTX3 could be a widely applicable marker of short‐term mortality in hospitalized patients and may be useful in the initial risk stratification.
Alteration processes in the CV chondrite parent body based on analysis of NWA 2086 meteorite
Authors: Kereszturi A. , Blumberger Z. , Józsa S. , May Z. , Müller A. , Szabó M. , Tóth M. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAnalysis of the NWA 2086 CV3 chondrite showed a matrix/chondrule ratio of 52%, similar to Bali, Mokoia, and Grosanaja. Nearly twice as many chondrule fragments as intact ones demonstrate that an early fragmentation phase occurred prior to final accretion. After this event, no substantial mechanical change or redeposition is evident. Rims with double‐layered structures were identified around some chondrules, which, in at least one case, is attributed to an accretionary origin. The rim's outer parts with a diffuse appearance were formed by in situ chemical alteration. During this later process, Mg content decreased, Fe content increased, and olivine composition was homogenized, producing a rim composition close to that of the matrix. This alteration occasionally happened along fractures and at confined locations, and was probably produced by fluid interactions. Iron oxides are the best candidate for a small grain‐sized alteration product; however, technical limitations in the available equipment did not allow exact phase identification. These results suggest that NWA 2086 came from a location (possible more deeply buried) in the CV parent body than Mokoia or Bali, and suffered less impact effects—although there is no evidence of sustained thermal alteration. This meteorite may represent a sample of the CV parent asteroid interior and provide a useful basis for comparison with other CV meteorites in the future.
Proton‐pump inhibitor use is associated with lower urinary magnesium excretion
Authors: William Jeffrey H. , Nelson Rachel , Hayman Najwah , Mukamal Kenneth J. , Danziger John 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAimsAlthough multiple recent studies have confirmed an association between chronic proton‐pump inhibitor (PPI) use and hypomagnesaemia, the physiologic explanation for this association remains uncertain. To address this, we investigated the association of PPI use with urinary magnesium excretion.MethodsWe measured 24‐hour urine magnesium excretion in collections performed for nephrolithiasis evaluation in 278 consecutive ambulatory patients and determined PPI use from contemporaneous medical records.ResultsThere were 50 (18%) PPI users at the time of urine collection. The mean daily urinary magnesium was 84.6 ± 42.8 mg in PPI users, compared with 101.2 ± 41.1 mg in non‐PPI users (P = 0.01). In adjusted analyses, PPI use was associated with 10.54 ± 5.30 mg/day lower daily urinary magnesium excretion (P = 0.05). Diuretic use did not significantly modify the effect of PPI on urinary magnesium. As a control, PPI use was not associated with other urinary indicators of nutritional intake.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that PPI use is associated with lower 24‐hour urine magnesium excretion. Whether this reflects decreased intestinal uptake due to PPI exposure, or residual confounding due to decreased magnesium intake, requires further study.
Metabolomic analysis of extreme freezing tolerance in Siberian spruce (Picea obovata)
Authors: Angelcheva Liudmila , Mishra Yogesh , Antti Henrik , Kjellsen Trygve D. , Funk Christiane , Strimbeck Richard G. , Schröder Wolfgang P. 
Published: August 2014

Summary

Siberian spruce (Picea obovata) is one of several boreal conifer species that can survive at extremely low temperatures (ELTs). When fully acclimated, its tissues can survive immersion in liquid nitrogen. Relatively little is known about the biochemical and biophysical strategies of ELT survival.

We profiled needle metabolites using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) to explore the metabolic changes that occur during cold acclimation caused by natural temperature fluctuations.

In total, 223 metabolites accumulated and 52 were depleted in fully acclimated needles compared with pre‐acclimation needles. The metabolite profiles were found to develop in four distinct phases, which are referred to as pre‐acclimation, early acclimation, late acclimation and fully acclimated. Metabolite changes associated with carbohydrate and lipid metabolism were observed, including changes associated with increased raffinose family oligosaccharide synthesis and accumulation, accumulation of sugar acids and sugar alcohols, desaturation of fatty acids, and accumulation of digalactosylglycerol. We also observed the accumulation of protein and nonprotein amino acids and polyamines that may act as compatible solutes or cryoprotectants.

These results provide new insight into the mechanisms of freezing tolerance development at the metabolite level and highlight their importance in rapid acclimation to ELT in P. obovata.
Photoperiod constraints on tree phenology, performance and migration in a warming world
Authors: WAY DANIELLE A. , MONTGOMERY REBECCA A. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIncreasing temperatures should facilitate the poleward movement of species distributions through a variety of processes, including increasing the growing season length. However, in temperate and boreal latitudes, temperature is not the only cue used by trees to determine seasonality, as changes in photoperiod provide a more consistent, reliable annual signal of seasonality than temperature. Here, we discuss how day length may limit the ability of tree species to respond to climate warming in situ, focusing on the implications of photoperiodic sensing for extending the growing season and affecting plant phenology and growth, as well as the potential role of photoperiod in controlling carbon uptake and water fluxes in forests. We also review whether there are patterns across plant functional types (based on successional strategy, xylem anatomy and leaf morphology) in their sensitivity to photoperiod that we can use to predict which species or groups might be more successful in migrating as the climate warms, or may be more successfully used for forestry and agriculture through assisted migration schemes.
Homophobic Name‐calling, Peer‐groups, and Masculinity: The Socialization of Homophobic Behavior in Adolescents
Authors: Birkett Michelle , Espelage Dorothy L. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractSocial network analysis and multilevel modeling were used to examine the formation of homophobic name‐calling behavior in adolescents. Specifically, peer group contextual and socialization effects on homophobic name‐calling as well as the influence of masculinity attitudes, general bullying perpetration, and victimization were tested. Participants included 493 fifth‐ through eighth‐grade students from two middle schools. Results indicated that peer groups play an important role in the formation of homophobic name‐calling. Additionally, students who were victims of homophobic name‐calling over time increased their own perpetration of homophobic name‐calling. Non‐homophobic bullying was also related to homophobic name‐calling, but only for male peer groups. And finally, the role of masculinity attitudes was shown to be complex, as peer group masculinity attitudes were significantly predictive of an individual's homophobic perpetration; however, this effect did not remain significant over time. Results suggest that homophobic name‐calling during early adolescence is strongly influenced by peers and rooted in gender and masculinity.