bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro evaluation of the impact of intraoral scanner, scanning aids, and the scanned arch on the scan accuracy of edentulous arches
Authors: Jamjoom Faris Z. , Aldghim Adhwaa , Aldibasi Omar , Yilmaz Burak 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPurposeTo assess the accuracy of complete maxillary and mandibular edentulous arch scans obtained using two different intraoral scanners (IOSs), with and without scanning aids, and to compare these results to those obtained using conventional impression methods.Materials and MethodsTwo IOSs were used (TRIOS 4 [TRI] and Emerald S [EMR]) to scan maxillary and mandibular typodonts. The typodonts were scanned without scanning aids [TRI_WSA and EMR_WSA groups] (n = 10). The typodonts were then scanned under four scanning aid conditions (n = 10): composite markers [TRI_MRK and EMR_MRK groups], scanning spray [TRI_SPR and EMR_SPR groups], pressure indicating paste [TRI_PIP and EMR_PIP groups], and liquid‐type scanning aid [TRI_LQD and EMR_LQD groups]. Conventional impressions of both arches were also made using irreversible hydrocolloids in stock trays [IHC] and using polyvinyl siloxane (PVS) impression material in custom trays (n = 10) which were digitized using a laboratory scanner. Using a metrology software program, all scans were compared to a reference scan in order to assess trueness and to each other to assess precision. Trueness and precision were expressed as the root mean square (RMS) of the absolute deviation values and the statistical analysis was modeled on a logarithmic scale using fixed‐effects models to meet model assumptions (α = 0.05).ResultsThe main effect of arch (p = 0.004), scanner (p < 0.001), scanning aid (p = 0.041), and the interaction between scanner and scanning aid (p = 0.027) had a significant effect on mean RMS values of trueness. The arch (p = 0.015) and scanner (p < 0.001) had a significant effect on the mean RMS values of precision. The maxillary arch had better accuracy compared to the mandible. The TRIOS 4 scanner had better accuracy than both the Emerald S scanner and conventional impressions. The Emerald S had better precision than conventional impressions. The scanning spray and liquid‐type scanning aids produced the best trueness with the TRIOS 4 scanner, while the liquid‐type scanning aid and composite markers produced the best trueness for the Emerald S scanner.ConclusionThe scanned arch and the type of scanner had a significant effect on the accuracy of digital scans of completely edentulous arches. The scanning aid had a significant effect on the trueness of digital scans of completely edentulous arches which varied depending on the scanner used.
Dental anxiety and oral health in American Indian and Alaska natives
Authors: Tiwari Tamanna , Wright Casey D. , Heaton Lisa J. , Santoro Morgan , Tranby Eric P. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveAmerican Indian and Alaska native (AI/AN) individuals report distrust of the healthcare system. This study explored associations between having either high levels of dental distrust or high levels of dental care‐related fear and anxiety (“dental anxiety”) and oral health outcomes in AI/AN adults.MethodsThe 2022 State of Oral Health Equity in America survey included the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale and asked to what extent respondents agreed with the statement, “At my last oral health visit, I trusted the oral health provider I saw”, and asked about self‐rated oral health and presence of a dental home.ResultsAI/AN individuals (N = 564) who reported low dental trust (n = 110) or with high dental anxiety (MDAS≥19; n = 113) reported significantly worse overall and oral health and were significantly less likely to have a dental home (p < 0.05 used for each analysis).ConclusionDental distrust and dental anxiety can significantly impact oral health and dental utilization in AI/AN communities and are important intervention targets to improve AI/AN oral health.
Effects of oxidized LDL versus IL‐1ß/TNF‐ɑ/INFɣ on human gingival mesenchymal stem cells properties
Authors: Fawzy El‐Sayed Karim , Mahlandt Elena , Schlicht Kristina , Enthammer Kim , Tölle Johannes , Wagner Juliane , Hartmann Katharina , Ebeling Peter R. , Graetz Christian , Laudes Mathias , Dörfer Christof E. , Schulte Dominik M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimsOxidized low‐density lipoprotein (oxLDL) is an important player in the course of metabolic inflammatory diseases. oxLDL was identified in the gingival crevicular fluid, denoting possible associations between oxLDL‐induced inflammation and periodontal disease. The current investigation compared for the first‐time direct effects of oxLDL to a cytokine cocktail of IL‐1ß/TNF‐ɑ/INF‐γ on gingival mesenchymal stem cells' (G‐MSCs) attributes.MethodsHuman third passage G‐MSCs, isolated from connective tissue biopsies (n = 5) and characterized, were stimulated in three groups over 7 days: control group, cytokine group (IL‐1β[1 ng/mL], TNF‐α[10 ng/mL], IFN‐γ[100 ng/mL]), or oxLDL group (oxLDL [50 μg/mL]). Next Generation Sequencing and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, stemness gene expression (NANOG/SOX2/OCT4A), cellular proliferation, colony‐formation, multilinear potential, and altered intracellular pathways were investigated via histochemistry, next‐generation sequencing, and RT‐qPCR.ResultsG‐MSCs exhibited all mesenchymal stem cells' characteristics. oxLDL group and cytokine group displayed no disparities in their stemness markers (p > .05). Next‐generation‐sequencing revealed altered expression of the TXNIP gene in response to oxLDL treatment compared with controls (p = .04). Following an initial boosting for up to 5 days by inflammatory stimuli, over 14 day, cellular counts [median count ×10−5 (Q25/Q75)] were utmost in control – [2.6607 (2.0804/4.5357)], followed by cytokine – [0.0433 (0.0026/1.4215)] and significantly lowered in the oxLDL group [0.0274 (0.0023/0.7290); p = .0047]. Osteogenic differentiation [median relative Ca2+ content(Q25/Q75)] was significantly lower in cytokine – [0.0066 (0.0052/0.0105)] compared to oxLDL – [0.0144 (0.0108/0.0216)] (p = .0133), with no differences notable for chondrogenic and adipogenic differentiation (p > .05).ConclusionsWithin the current investigation's limitations, in contrast to cytokine‐mediated inflammation, G‐MSCs appear to be minimally responsive to oxLDL‐mediated metabolic inflammation, with little negative effect on their differentiation attributes and significantly reduced cellular proliferation.
Nightmares in Swiss elite athletes: Associated factors
Authors: Schredl Michael , Vorster Albrecht , Schmid Michael J. , Erlacher Daniel 
Published: July 2024

SummaryNightmares, defined as extremely dysphoric dreams, can cause significant distress in everyday life if they occur frequently. Their aetiology is based on a disposition‐stress model. As elite athletes often experience high stress levels, the present study investigated factors that might be associated with nightmare frequency in a large cohort of 2297 Swiss elite athletes (1066 women, 1231 men) with a mean age of 22.05 ± 7.53 years. In total, about 6% of the athletes reported frequent nightmares (once a week or more often). We found that well‐established factors like female gender and general stress levels were related to nightmare frequency. To a smaller extent, the number of training hours, lost training days due to illness, and having early training sessions were also associated with nightmare frequency. Sport discipline was not related to nightmare frequency. An unexpected finding was the association between late alcohol intake 4 hr prior to bedtime and nightmare frequency. Our findings support the idea that stress related to practicing sports might affect nightmare frequency. Future research should study whether inventions designed for athletes suffering from frequent nightmares are beneficial for them and might even improve their athletic performance.
Correlation of rheology and oral tribology with sensory perception of commercial hazelnut and cocoa‐based spreads
Authors: Principato Laura , Carullo Daniele , Gruppi Alice , Lambri Milena , Bassani Andrea , Spigno Giorgia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study examined the effects of spread formulation and the structural/lubricant properties of six different commercial hazelnut and cocoa spreads on sensory perception. Rheology, tribology, and quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) was assessed by also evaluating the correlation coefficients between the quality descriptor and the rheological and textural parameters. The viscosity was evaluated at different temperatures to better simulate conditions before and after ingestion. Tribological analysis was executed at 37°C to mimic the human oral cavity. The effect of saliva presence and the number of runs on tribological behaviors was investigated. Moreover, textural, calorimetric, and particle size distribution measurements were performed to reinforce the correlation between structural/thermal parameters (e.g., firmness, stickiness, sugar melting point) and sensory aspects. “Visual viscosity,” defined as a sensory attribute evaluated prior to consumption, negatively correlated with apparent viscosity measured at 20°C and 10 s−1, whereas “body,” defined during oral processing and related to creaminess, positively correlated with apparent viscosity measured at 37°C and 50 s−1. These attributes were mainly influenced by particulate microstructure and solid volume fraction within the formulation. Textural stickiness positively correlated with sensory “adhesiveness” and was related to fat composition and milk powder addition, while “sweetness” was related to sucrose content and sugar melting enthalpy. Tribological data provided meaningful information related to particle‐derived attributes, as well as after‐coating perception (fattiness/oiliness), thus better predicting food evolution during oral consumption.
Incidence of myopia in Swedish schoolchildren: A longitudinal study
Authors: Demir Pelsin , Baskaran Karthikeyan , Ramos Pedro Lima , Naduvilath Thomas , Sankaridurg Padmaja , Macedo Antonio Filipe 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPurposeThe prevalence of myopia in Scandinavia tends to be lower than in other parts of the world. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of myopia and its predictors in Swedish children to characterise this trend.MethodsA 2‐year longitudinal study was conducted following a cohort of schoolchildren aged 8–16 years. Myopia was defined as a spherical equivalent refraction (SER) ≤ −0.50 D. The study enrolled 128 participants, 70 (55%) females with a mean age of 12.0 years (SD = 2.4).ResultsThe cumulative incidence of myopia during the follow‐up period was 5.5%, and the incidence rate of myopia was 3.2 cases per 100 person‐years. Participants with myopia at baseline exhibited a faster increase in refractive error during the follow‐up period. Likewise, participants with two myopic parents exhibited a more marked change towards myopia, regardless of their initial refractive error.ConclusionIn the current study, similar to prevalence, the incidence of myopia was low when compared with other parts of the world. These results lead us to formulate a new hypothesis that the normal emmetropisation process may be protected by low educational pressure practised in Sweden during early childhood. Further research is necessary to test this new hypothesis.
Cortical and subcortical brain networks predict prevailing heart rate
Authors: Sentis Amy Isabella , Rasero Javier , Gianaros Peter J. , Verstynen Timothy D. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractResting heart rate may confer risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other adverse cardiovascular events. While the brainstem's autonomic control over heart rate is well established, less is known about the regulatory role of higher level cortical and subcortical brain regions, especially in humans. This study sought to characterize the brain networks that predict variation in prevailing heart rate in otherwise healthy adults. We used machine learning approaches designed for complex, high‐dimensional data sets, to predict variation in instantaneous heart period (the inter‐heartbeat‐interval) from whole‐brain hemodynamic signals measured by fMRI. Task‐based and resting‐state fMRI, as well as peripheral physiological recordings, were taken from two data sets that included extensive repeated measurements within individuals. Our models reliably predicted instantaneous heart period from whole‐brain fMRI data both within and across individuals, with prediction accuracies being highest when measured within‐participants. We found that a network of cortical and subcortical brain regions, many linked to visceral motor and visceral sensory processes, were reliable predictors of variation in heart period. This adds to evidence on brain–heart interactions and constitutes an incremental step toward developing clinically applicable biomarkers of brain contributions to CVD risk.
A quasi‐normative conflict: Resolving the tension between investment treaties and climate action
Authors: Zhu Ying 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe conflict between investment treaties and climate action is escalating due to recent investment arbitration cases challenging States' fossil fuel phase‐out measures as violations of investment treaty obligations. As countries continue to implement climate mitigation and adaptation measures across various industries, this tension is expected to result in a rise in climate‐related investment arbitration claims. The current literature has primarily presented the tension between investment and climate treaties as a vertical conflict, with investment treaties having a chilling effect on States' climate regulation. The common defence for States' regulation has been based on their ‘right to regulate’. It remains unclear whether there exists a horizontal conflict between investment and climate treaties, primarily due to the flexible nature of climate treaty obligations. However, a sovereignty‐based justification fails to recognise the international obligation of climate action and is insufficient for reconciling the conflict. This article delves into the intricate nature of the conflict between States' climate measures and their investment treaty obligations and argues that the conflict exhibits a ‘quasi‐normative’ nature, given the combination of binding climate obligations, permissive implementation methods and normative expectations of ambition. The article suggests that investment treaties should include clearly defined conflict clauses that outline the scope of the conflict between investment and climate treaties and establish specific mechanisms for resolving such conflicts.
Up you get: Norwegian parents' reactions to children's negative emotions
Authors: Bjørk Rune F. , Havighurst Sophie S. , Fredriksen Eivor , Bølstad Evalill 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionDevelopmental research suggests that children learn to regulate their emotions and behavior through a process of emotion socialization. The main body of literature is based on samples from the United States, and very little is known about the socialization of emotions in Nordic settings.ObjectivesThe current study aimed to explore associations between mothers' and fathers' reactions to children's negative emotions and externalizing behavior problems in a Nordic cultural context, and to explore gender differences in these associations.MethodsParent‐report data on the Coping with Children's Negative Emotions Scale (CCNES) and the Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory 6 (ECBI) was collected in a large sample of Norwegian preschool‐aged children (mothers, n = 242; fathers, n = 183; N = 257; M = 54 months, SD = 4.54; 49% boys). Teacher‐report data was collected using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) conduct scale (n = 117).ResultsBoth parents' supportive and non‐supportive reactions were associated with child externalizing difficulties in expected directions as evidenced by path models, controlling for socioeconomic status and age. A pattern emerged in which non‐supportive reactions to a greater extent predicted an increase in externalizing problems in girls, and supportive reactions predicted lower levels of externalizing problems in boys.ConclusionOur findings supported the basic assumptions of emotion socialization theory in a Nordic cultural context in which parental supportive and non‐supportive responses are related to child externalizing difficulties. Nordic parents are important socialization agents for their children, but their behaviors had a differential effect on boys' and girls' externalizing behavior problems.
Validation of point process predictions with proper scoring rules
Authors: Heinrich‐Mertsching Claudio , Thorarinsdottir Thordis L. , Guttorp Peter , Schneider Max 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe introduce a class of proper scoring rules for evaluating spatial point process forecasts based on summary statistics. These scoring rules rely on Monte Carlo approximations of expectations and can therefore easily be evaluated for any point process model that can be simulated. In this regard, they are more flexible than the commonly used logarithmic score and other existing proper scores for point process predictions. The scoring rules allow for evaluating the calibration of a model to specific aspects of a point process, such as its spatial distribution or tendency toward clustering. Using simulations, we analyze the sensitivity of our scoring rules to different aspects of the forecasts and compare it to the logarithmic score. Applications to earthquake occurrences in northern California, United States and the spatial distribution of Pacific silver firs in Findley Lake Reserve in Washington highlight the usefulness of our scores for scientific model selection.
Exploring the utility of the Enhanced Vegetation Index as rainfall and agricultural proxy in a Caribbean case study event
Authors: Buckland Sarah F. 
Published: July 2024

Highly fragile small island states experience disproportionate climate impacts given their limited capacity to implement cost‐effective tools for detecting emerging signals of drying conditions and monitoring systems for sensitive sectors such as agriculture, especially for uncertain, ‘creeping’ events such as droughts. Despite the existence of open‐source Google Earth Engine datasets, untapped potential remains for their full deployment in disaster management infrastructure. Given this gap, this paper explores the utility of the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) for detecting spatio‐temporal variations of Mid‐Summer Drought (MSD) impacts on vegetation in the small island of Jamaica, with emphasis on major historical drought events. Geospatial analyses of EVI datasets from the Terra Moderate‐Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) between 2000−2015 archived by the United States Geological Survey (USGS), were computed, and validated by station‐based precipitation and production data for selected parishes for historical case study MSD events. Results revealed highly asymmetrical drought impacts, with Jamaica's agriculturally intense Southern coastline displaying the most stressed vegetation (EVI < 0.5). North‐Western and North‐Eastern regions had the healthiest vegetation during the MSD (EVI > 0.6). A ‘fair’ to ‘moderate’ concurrent correlation was found between EVI and precipitation (R > 0.6), with lower correlations vis‐a‐vis agricultural production (R = 0.2–0.4). The results provide evidence of EVI's utility as a drought monitoring tool in a small island context.
Syllabus as argument in an era of politicized pedagogy
Authors: Dougherty Michael L. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe traditional character of higher education in the US is under assault. The broad, intellectual focus on the liberal arts and its concomitant values of academic freedom and academic governance are giving way to an over‐managed vocational institution that prioritizes ambience over integrity and credentialism over citizenship. In this milieu, sociologists should use the classroom as an opportunity to model the explanatory power of the discipline by structuring our syllabi to make a point. I refer to this approach as syllabus‐as‐argument, which I contrast with the traditional organizational logic of syllabus‐as‐survey—configuring a syllabus to provide an overview of a given topic, theme or field. Where the chief criterion of success for the syllabus as survey is comprehensiveness, the syllabus as argument strives for convincingness. I draw from two courses to exemplify this approach. The first is a senior seminar in environmental sociology, which I have reworked into a course explaining the intractability of the climate crisis. The second is a general education course in community sociology that I remade to explain the links between growing inequality and deteriorating democracy in the US.
An exploratory study of structural and microvascular changes in the skin following electrical shaving using optical coherence topography
Authors: Chaturvedi Pakhi , Kroon Wilco , Zanelli Giulia , Worsley Peter R. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundConsumer products such as electrical shavers exert a combination of dynamic loading in the form of pressure and shear on the skin. This mechanical stimulus can lead to discomfort and skin tissue responses characterised as “Skin Sensitivity”. To minimise discomfort following shaving, there is a need to establish specific stimulus‐response relationships using advanced tools such as optical coherence tomography (OCT).ObjectiveTo explore the spatial and temporal changes in skin morphology and microvascular function following an electrical shaving stimulus.MethodsTen healthy male volunteers were recruited. The study included a 60‐s electrical shaving stimulus on the forearm, cheek and neck. Skin parameters were recorded at baseline, 20 min post stimulus and 24 h post stimulus. Structural and dynamic skin parameters were estimated using OCT, while transepidermal water loss (TEWL) was recorded to provide reference values for skin barrier function.ResultsAt baseline, six of the eight parameters revealed statistically significant differences between the forearm and the facial sites, while only surface roughness (Rq) and reflectivity were statistically different (p < 0.05) between the cheek and neck. At 20 min post shaving, there was a significant increase in the TEWL values accompanied by increased blood perfusion, with varying magnitude of change dependent on the anatomical site. Recovery characteristics were observed 24 h post stimulus with most parameters returning to basal values, highlighting the transient influence of the stimulus.ConclusionsOCT parameters revealed spatial and temporal differences in the skin tissue response to electrical shaving. This approach could inform shaver design and prevent skin sensitivity.
Exploring the influence of wealth on judicial decision making
Authors: Miller Banks , Curry Brett 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveAttention to levels of socioeconomic inequality has given rise to work investigating its potential to influence political actors and, thus, policy outcomes. These studies have focused on elected actors in legislative contexts. Ours fills this gap by assessing the consequences of a judge's wealth on decision making.MethodsWe obtain data on federal appellate judges’ wealth and explore its influence in cases involving economic issues. We estimate logit models controlling for other factors and include fixed effects for circuit, specific issue area, and year of the decision. The models consider both the main effects of wealth and its potential interaction with judicial ideology to influence decision making.ResultsWe find no direct relationship between a judge's wealth and her decision making in economic cases. However, wealth interacts with ideology to exert a significant influence on decision making; here, greater wealth amplifies the ideological predilections of more conservative judges.ConclusionsThis is the first study to document a link between wealth and the choices judges make on the bench. It adds a new dimension to the ways economic inequality can influence political actors and raises new questions about the mechanisms by which such inequality is consequential for elite political behavior.