bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transpirational water loss from flowers is low but unregulated
Authors: Roddy Adam B. , Schreel Jeroen D. M. , Paiva Dario Caminha , Qin Ni , Jiang Guo-Feng , Brodersen Craig R. , Simonin Kevin A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFlowers play a critical role in reproduction for most of the flowering plants, and maintaining flowers throughout their lifespan can require substantial resources, such as carbon and water. Increases in temperature and aridity due to climate change are shifting the atmospheric conditions experienced by flowers, potentially altering the costs of floral maintenance. However, little is known about floral physiology and the capacity of flowers to regulate water loss. Because many flowers have few, if any, stomata, flowers may not be able to curtail water loss when the atmospheric demand for water vapor is high. Here, we tested whether the surface conductance of of flower petals, tepals, and showy bracts responds dynamically to changes in the vapor pressure gradient driving water loss. We measure the responses of flower surface conductance (gs) to step changes in the vapor pressure gradient on nine species. Across species, gs was low among all species, and there was little, if any, response in gs to step changes in humidity. The lack of response in gs resulted in linear responses of transpirational water loss to variation in vapor pressure deficit. These results suggest that unusually hot, dry conditions could elevate water loss from flowers, leading to premature wilting and senescence, thereby shortening floral longevity.
Target of rapamycin (TOR) regulatesCURLY LEAF(CLF) translation in response to environmental stimuli
Authors: Dong Yihan , Oubassou Ez-Zahra , Hoffmann Elise , Zhang Wenna , Uslu Veli , Berr Alexandre 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe target of rapamycin (TOR)-Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) pathway is a crucial link that translates environmental and developmental cues into chromatin, thus reprogramming transcription. While the PRC2 methyltransferase Curly leaf (CLF) is known to be specifically involved, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study sheds light on how TOR fine-tunes CLF protein levels by promoting translation re-initiation mediated by eIF3h. We found that the second upstream open reading frame (uORF) located in the 5’ leader region of theCLFtranscript significantly represses its translation (by 50%). Plants lacking this uORF leader displayed reduced sensitivity to TOR inhibition and impaired induction of stress-responsive genes. Interestingly, this uORF sequence exhibits partial conservation across diverse plant species, suggesting a potential role in adaptation to various environmental conditions. Our findings reveal a dynamic mechanism within the TOR-PRC2 pathway, highlighting its responsiveness to environmental stimuli.
Despotic long-tailed macaques benefit others in a group service paradigm
Authors: de Laat E.J.A.M. , Waasdorp S. , Roth T.S. , Massen J.J.M. , Sterck E.H.M. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTFor animals living in social groups, cooperation is a key factor to success. It has been postulated that in social systems with cooperative breeding or a tolerant dominance style, individuals will benefit each other. Cooperation is, therefore, not expected in long-tailed macaques, since they do not breed together and experience a steep unidirectional hierarchy. However, previous studies have shown that they can be prosocial in a dyadic setting. This would comply with the more recently postulated dyadic interdependence hypothesis. To be able to compare their cooperative performances with other species, we set up a group service paradigm similar to that, which has been tested in a number of other species. We presented a swing set apparatus, which an actor could pull in the middle to provide a reward to another individual but without access to the reward for the actor, to three groups of socially housed long-tailed macaques. The macaques showed prosocial behaviour in the test significantly more often than in two control condition. They preferably provided to kin. The prosocial behaviour of the despotic, individual breeding long-tailed macaques counters the cooperative breeding and self-domestication hypotheses, yet supports the dyadic interdependence hypothesis, although future studies on other macaque species with more tolerant dominance styles should elucidate the effect of dominance styles on prosociality.
Sponges of the Lower Greensand Group (Lower Cretaceous) of England; a revision
Authors: Sendino Consuelo , Kershaw Stephen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSponges of the Lower Greensand Group (LGS) are well preserved, and occur in sediments of a sandy matrix. Abundant in the Faringdon Sponge Gravel Member (FSG), these sponges, mostly Calcareans are found in Oxfordshire, with notable preservation at Little Coxwell quarries. Classical researchers described sponges and spicules from the LGS, including Lhuyd (considered to have been the first to publish illustrations of LGS sponges), Sharpe, Sowerby and Parkinson. In addition to the FSG, the Folkestone, Hythe, and Atherfield Clay formations within the LGS also contain sponge remains, including spicules as well as whole sponge fossils. These sponges include mostly samples from traditional sponge class Calcarea and a taxon of Hexactinellida; Altogether, the sponge assemblage developed in warm seas of the Lower Cretaceous, and display diverse shapes of sponge bodies and robust spicules. This study provides descriptions of common species following updated Porifera classification and recent sponge taxonomy research, illustrated with specimens from the Natural History Museum, London (NHM) and British Geological Survey (BGS) collections. The following taxa are recorded and described: 1) Calcareans:Barroisia anastomosans(Parkinson, 1811),Barroisia clavata(Keeping, 1883),Barroisia irregularis(Hinde, 1884),Dehukia crassa(de Fromentel, 1861),[Elasmoierea] faringdonensis(Mantell, 1854),[Elasmoierea] mantelli(Hinde, 1884),Peronidella gillieroni(Loriol, 1869),Peronidella prolifera(Hinde, 1884),Peronidella ramose(Roemer, 1839),Oculospongia dilatate(Roemer, 1864),Tremospongia pulvinaria(Goldfuss, 1826),Raphidonema contortum(Hinde, 1884),Raphidonema porcatum(Sharpe, 1854),Raphidonema farringdonensis(Sharpe, 1854),Raphidonema macropora(Sharpe, 1854),Raphidonema pustulatumHinde, 1884,Endostoma foraminosa(Goldfuss, 1829); 2) Hexactinellids:Lonsda contortuplicataLonsdale, 1849.
Differential Toxicity of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) in Wild-Type and Oatp1d1 Mutant Zebrafish Embryos
Authors: Mihaljevic Ivan , Vujica Lana , Dragojević Jelena , Lončar Jovica , Smital Tvrtko 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTThis study presents a comprehensive analysis of the effects of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) exposure on zebrafish embryos, focusing on the differential responses between wild-type (WT) and oatp1d1 mutant embryos. The findings improve our understanding of the toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic mechanisms of PFOS, a persistent and bioaccumulative member of the per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) family. The study revealed significant differences in mortality rates with calculated LC50 values of 23.57 µM for WT and 16.71 µM for oatp1d1 mutants, indicating a higher susceptibility of the mutants to PFOS toxicity. This indicates the crucial role of the Oatp1d1 transporter in mediating the toxic effects of PFOS, possibly related to detoxification processes or regulation of bioavailability. Developmental abnormalities, particularly in the swim bladder, were more pronounced in mutant embryos, indicating the role of the transporter in mitigating PFOS-induced developmental toxicity. Gene expression analysis showed differential modulation of biotransformation genes, including cytochrome P450 (cyp) and glutathione S-transferase (gst) genes, underscoring the complexity of PFOS toxicity. The study also highlighted disruptions in lipid metabolism with altered expression of genes involved in lipid synthesis and oxidation, leading to abnormal lipid accumulation. These findings have significant implications for aquatic ecosystems and human health, as PFOS is persistent and bioaccumulative in the environment. The study emphasizes the need for stringent regulatory measures and effective remediation strategies to address PFOS contamination and protect both aquatic life and human populations.
Synthesis of alkyl glucosides catalyzed by immobilized α-amylase fromThermotoga maritima
Authors: Xolalpa-Villanueva Wendy , Ramírez-Amador Fidel O. , Olvera Leticia , Miranda-Molina Alfonso , López-Munguía Agustín , Saab-Rincón Gloria 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe enzymatic production of alkyl glucosides is limited by the stability of the enzymes in the presence of alcohols. In the present study, we investigated three different supports: Sepharose 4B, crosslinked Sepharose (Fast Flow), and Eupergit C for the immobilization of α-amylase fromThermotoga maritima, AmyA, to increase its stability during the alcoholysis reaction. The enzyme immobilized on crosslinked Sepharose showed the best results, allowing its reutilization for at least five cycles while maintaining more than 50% residual activity. In addition, the immobilization of a previously reported H222Q variant resulted in a superior transglycosidic activity (> 50%) when compared to that of the wild-type (WT) AmyA. Moreover, both versions of the enzyme increased their residual activity after 24 h of incubation at 85°C upon immobilization. The alcoholysis withn-butanol,n-hexanol, andn-octanol was investigated to optimize the reaction conditions. Here, the addition of DMSO had a positive effect on the alcoholysis reactions with AmyA WT, achieving a total octyl glucoside title 1.75-fold higher than that obtained in the absence of DMSO.ImportanceAlkyl glucosides are valuable, non-toxic surfactants primarily synthesized chemically. The development of biocatalysts for their production has become a significant goal in the field of biocatalysis to avoid the disposal of toxic waste and environmentally harmful processes. To make these processes competitive, the use of low-cost raw materials and the recycling of biocatalysts are essential. The immobilization ofThermotoga maritimaα-amylase has enabled its use in the presence of long-chain alcohols, achieving octyl glucoside production of 0.7 mg/mL—an unprecedented feat for an amylase. This study represents a breakthrough in the use of α-amylases for alkyl glucoside production.
Multidimensional and Longitudinal Impact of a Genetic Diagnosis for Critically Ill Infants
Authors: Wojcik Monica H , del Rosario Maya C , Feldman Henry A , Smith Hadley Stevens , Holm Ingrid A 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesMany genetic conditions present in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), where a diagnostic evaluation is pursued. However, understanding of the impact of a genetic diagnosis on clinical outcomes and health-related quality of life for these infants remains incomplete. We therefore evaluated parent-reported outcomes complemented by clinical outcomes measures over one year for a cohort of infants in the NICU undergoing genetic evaluation.MethodsProspective cohort study evaluating outcomes after genetics consultation in a level IV NICU via parent-report and electronic medical records (EMR) review. Eligible infants were genetically undiagnosed at enrollment. Parent surveys were administered at baseline and three, six-, and 12-months following enrollment and assessed genetic testing utility as well as parent-reported infant health-related quality of life using the Infant Toddler Quality of Life Questionnaire.Results110 infant-parent pairs were enrolled. Infants had a median age at enrollment of 15 days (interquartile range 8-37.75). At baseline, 74% (81/110) of parents endorsed high importance of finding a genetic diagnosis, but perceived importance significantly decreased over time. Over the study period, 38 infants received a molecular diagnosis per parent report, though this was discordant with EMR review. Identification of a diagnosis did not significantly impact health-related quality of life across most domains, which was lower overall than population norms.ConclusionsA genetic diagnosis is highly desired by parents in the NICU, though waning interest over time for undiagnosed families may reflect parental emotional adaptation and acceptance. Additional supports are needed to improve perceived quality of life.
Prevalence of catheter associated Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) in hospitalized patient in Karachi
Authors: Ali Syed Rohan , Raqib Moosa Abdur , Kashif Shahida , Shafique Muhammad Ashir , Haseeb Abdul , Anis Aisha 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundCatheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are a prevalent healthcare-associated infection, accounting for significant morbidity, mortality, and increased healthcare costs.MethodThis is a cross-sectional study of patients diagnosed with UTI associated with catheter use. The sample was collected from November 2023 to June 2024, consisting of 200 patients admitted to the surgical, medical, and trauma wards of tertiary hospitals in Karachi, namely Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre Karachi and Dr. Ruth K. M. Pfau Civil Hospital Karachi. Data is analyzed using SPSS Version 22 and P-value of 0.05 considered significant.ResultThe majority of respondents (59.5%) had their catheters changed since insertion, predominantly by trained nurses (93.0%). There were notable associations with underlying conditions such as hypertension (56.5%) and diabetes (44.5%). Gender differences were significant, with females leading in medical cases and males in surgical and trauma cases (p-value 0.017). Age-related trends showed the 55+ age group dominated medical cases, while surgical and trauma cases varied by age group. There was a significant relationship between bleeding during catheterization and UTI (p-value: 0.000).ConclusionThe study revealed a minimal incidence of CAUTI in Karachi’s tertiary care hospitals, indicating effective practices. However, further research is needed to explore the potential risk factors identified, such as female gender and comorbidities, to develop targeted interventions for reducing CAUTI incidence and improving patient outcomes.
Research Letter: Characterizing spin in psychiatric clinical research literature using large language models
Authors: Perlis Roy H. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractImportanceSpin is a common form of biased reporting that misrepresents study results in publications as more positive than an objective assessment would indicate, but its prevalence in psychiatric journals is unknown.ObjectiveTo apply a large language model to characterize the extent to which original reports of pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions in psychiatric journals reflect spin.DesignWe identified abstracts from studies published between 2013 and 2023 in 3 high-impact psychiatric journals describing randomized trials or meta-analyses of interventions.Main Outcome and MeasurePresence or absence of spin estimated by a large language model (GPT4-turbo, turbo-2024-04-09), validated using gold standard abstracts with and without spin.ResultsAmong a total of 663 abstracts, 296 (44.6%) exhibited possible or probable spin – 230/529 (43.5%) randomized trials, 66/134 (49.3%) meta-analyses; 148/310 (47.7%) for medication, 107/238 (45.0%) for psychotherapy, and 41/115 (35.7%) for other interventions. In a multivariable logistic regression model, reports of randomized trials, and non-pharmacologic/non-psychotherapy interventions, were less likely to exhibit spin, as were more recent publicationsConclusions and RelevanceA substantial subset of psychiatric intervention abstracts in high-impact journals may contain results presented in a potentially misleading way, with the potential to impact clinical practice. The success in automating spin detection via large language models may facilitate identification and revision to minimize spin in future publications.
Aging and Diabetes: Insights from American Seniors on Self-Care Practices, A Systematic Review & Meta-Synthesis
Authors: Lo David F. , Gawash Ahmed , Shah Kunal P. , Emanuel Jasmine , Goodwin Brandon , Shamilov Don D. , Kumar Gaurav , Jean Nathan , White Christian P. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis review aims to unravel the intricacies of diabetic self-management among geriatric people, drawing on current insights and understanding the complex paths geriatric people navigate. A wide search was conducted in health-oriented databases, including CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library while gray literature was excluded. The search combined keywords and subject headings, focusing on the geriatric population, diabetes, self-management, and qualitative research. A three-tiered screening process was employed, with titles and then abstracts initially reviewed. Full-text analysis followed, with disagreements resolved among reviewers. In total, there were 248 participants included across these eight studies. Positive attitudes and perceptions were found to play a significant role in optimizing diabetes self-care outcomes. Support from family and friends was identified as crucial for self-care, while healthcare professionals often lacked adequate support and encouragement. Participants emphasized the importance of listening to their bodies and acknowledging hidden issues. These themes collectively highlight the multifaceted aspects of diabetes self-care and the impact of various factors on the self-management experiences of geriatric individuals with diabetes. The goal of this review is not to objectify self-management as a treatment strategy but to emphasize the importance of cultivating positive attitudes, respecting individual values, and addressing cultural and ethnic differences in healthcare practices to enhance self-management in this population. By embracing cultural diversity, understanding barriers, and respecting individual values, healthcare professionals and policymakers can improve the quality of life for the geriatric population living with diabetes.
Plasma glycosaminoglycans and cell-free DNA to discriminate benign and malignant lung diseases
Authors: Qvick Alvida , Bratulic Sinisa , Carlsson Jessica , Stenmark Bianca , Karlsson Christina , Nielsen Jens , Gatto Francesco , Helenius Gisela 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe aimed to investigate the use of free glycosaminoglycan profiles (GAGomes) and cfDNA in plasma to differentiate between lung cancer and benign lung disease. GAGs were analyzed using the MIRAM® Free Glycosaminoglycan Kit with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry. We detected two GAGome features, 0S chondroitin sulfate (CS) and 4S CS, with cancer-specific changes. Based on the observed GAGome changes, we devised a model to predict lung cancer. The model, named the GAGome score, could detect lung cancer with 41.2% sensitivity (95% CI: 9.2-54.2%) at 96.4% specificity (CI: 95.2-100.0%, n=113). Furthermore, we found that the GAGome score, when combined with a cfDNA test, could increase the sensitivity for lung cancer from 42.6% (95% CI: 31.7-60.6%, cfDNA alone) to 70.5% (CI: 57.4 - 81.5%) at 95% specificity (CI: 75.1-100%, n=74). Notably, the combined GAGome and cfDNA testing improved the sensitivity, especially in early stages, relative to the cfDNA alone. Our findings show that plasma GAGome profiles can enhance cfDNA testing performance, highlighting the applicability of a multiomics approach in lung cancer diagnostics.
Self-growing protocell models in aqueous two-phase system induced by internal DNA replication reaction
Authors: Minagawa Yoshihiro , Yabuta Moe , Su’etsugu Masayuki , Noji Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe bottom-up reconstitution of self-growing artificial cells is a critical milestone toward realizing autonomy and evolvability. However, building artificial cells that exhibit self-growth coupled with internal replication of gene-encoding DNA has not been achieved yet. Here, we report self-growing artificial cell models based on dextran-rich droplets in an aqueous two-phase system of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and dextran (DEX). Motivated by the finding that DNA induces the generation of DEX-rich droplets, we integrated DNA amplification system with DEX-rich droplets, which exhibited active self-growth. We implemented the protocells with cell-free transcription-translation (TXTL) systems coupled with DNA amplification/replication, which also showed active self-growth. We also observed self-growth activity of protocells carrying a single copy of DNA. Considering the simplicities in terms of the chemical composition and the mechanism, these results underscore the potential of DEX droplets as a foundational platform for engineering protocells, giving implications for the emergence of protocells under prebiotic conditions.
Multi-sample non-negative spatial factorization
Authors: Wang Yi , Woyshner Kyla , Sriworarat Chaichontat , Stein-O’Brien Genevieve , Goff Loyal A , Hansen Kasper D. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAnalyzing multi-sample spatial transcriptomics data requires accounting for biological variation. We present multi-sample non-negative spatial factorization (mNSF), an alignment-free framework extending single-sample spatial factorization (NSF) to multi-sample datasets. mNSF incorporates sample-specific spatial correlation modeling and extracts low-dimensional data representations. Through simulations and real data analysis, we demonstrate mNSF’s efficacy in identifying true factors, shared anatomical regions, and region-specific biological functions. mNSF’s performance is comparable to alignment-based methods when alignment is feasible, while enabling analysis in scenarios where spatial alignment is unfeasible. mNSF shows promise as a robust method for analyzing spatially resolved transcriptomics data across multiple samples.