bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complementary therapy with Chinese aromatic herbs to promote awakening in a comatose patient: A case report
Authors: Chen Shi-Jia , Qiu Chang-Lin , Zhang Li-Ping , Jiang Ling-Zhi , Zhao Xiao-Yu , Hou Qun , Jiang Yan 
Published: August 2024

Rationale:
Traumatic brain injury frequently leads to prolonged coma, posing significant medical management challenges. Complementary therapies, including traditional Chinese herbal medicine, have been investigated as potential interventions in comatose patients. Chinese aromatic herbs, such as Borneolum (Bingpian), Moschus (Shexiang), and Acori tatarinowii rhizoma (Shichangpu), have long been believed to be “resuscitation with aromatics” based on traditional Chinese medicines theory.

Patient concerns:
A 16-year-old male was admitted to the intensive rehabilitation unit for further treatment due to prolonged coma and frequent seizures following traumatic brain injury.

Diagnoses:
Western medicine diagnosed the patient as coma, diffuse axonal injury, and epilepsy. According to traditional Chinese medicine theory, the syndrome differentiation indicates a Yin-closed disease.

Interventions:
According to the patient’s condition, we use the Chinese aromatic herbs as a complementary therapy.

Outcomes:
Following a month-long administration, the patient’s consciousness and electroencephalogram (EEG) background progressively improved. A 6-month follow-up demonstrated full arousal, though with ambulatory EEG revealing mild to moderate abnormality in the background.

Lessons:
The addition of Chinese aromatic herbs appears to have a beneficial effect on the patient’s consciousness and EEG background. This could be attributed to the herbs’ inherent pharmacological properties, as well as their potential to enhance the permeability of the blood-brain barrier to other drugs. This makes them a promising option for complementary therapy.
Intrarenal venous flow patterns – Guiding fluid management in sepsis with AKI: A case report
Authors: Zhang Qian , Li Yi , Liu Lixia , Hu Zhenjie , Huo Yan 
Published: August 2024

Introduction:
Sepsis often leads to acute kidney injury (AKI), presenting significant challenges in fluid management. This study explores the potential of analyzing intrarenal venous flow (IRVF) patterns to guide tailored fluid therapy, aiming to improve patient outcomes.

Patient concerns:
A patient was admitted to the intensive care unit with symptoms of septic shock, including fever, severe hypotension, and altered mental status, secondary to a perforated ascending colon adenocarcinoma.

Diagnosis:
The patient was diagnosed with perforated ascending colon adenocarcinoma, septic shock, and AKI. Clinical findings included elevated inflammatory markers and impaired renal function.

Interventions:
The primary therapeutic interventions included surgical resection of the perforated colon, administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics, and fluid resuscitation. Fluid management was guided by continuous monitoring of IRVF, which facilitated precise adjustments to optimize fluid balance and renal perfusion.

Outcomes:
By utilizing IRVF patterns to guide fluid therapy, the patient’s circulatory status and renal function significantly improved. The individualized fluid management approach contributed to better stabilization of the patient’s condition.

Lessons:
This case underscores the potential utility of IRVF patterns in guiding fluid management strategies for patients with sepsis and AKI. The main is the benefit of IRVF-guided fluid therapy in improving patient outcomes. Further research is warranted to validate the efficacy and safety of this approach, with the aim of enhancing clinical outcomes in critically ill patients.
An unusual case of an 0.018-inch (0.457 mm) guidewire fracture during primary percutaneous nephrostomy for percutaneous nephrolithotomy treated without removal and followed up for 5 years: A case report and literature review
Authors: Oh Seunghoon , Cho Bum Sang , Kim Yook , Lee Jisun , Yi Kyung Sik , Lee Sang-Cheol 
Published: August 2024

Introduction:
Although rare, guidewire fractures can occur during interventional procedures. In most cases, the fractured guidewire segment can be removed.

Patient concerns:
We report the case of a 54-year-old woman who experienced a guidewire fracture during percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) for percutaneous nephrolithotomy to remove renal stones.

Diagnosis:
Nephrolithiasis.

Interventions:
PCN and percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

Outcomes:
In this case, the remaining segment could not be removed and caused inflammation and infection. However, her symptoms improved with inpatient treatment. Therefore, she was discharged from the hospital and followed up for 5 years.

Conclusion:
When performing PCN to remove renal stones, the possibility of a guidewire fracture must be considered. If resistance or scraping is felt while handling the guidewire, then it should be replaced.
Prevalence and associated risk factors assessment of bovine fasciolosis in and around Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
Authors: Temesgen Abraham Belete , Mesfin Tesfaye 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBovine fasciolosis is a parasitic disease of cattle caused by ingesting metacercariae of liver flukes from the genus Fasciola. A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2021 to April 2022, encompassing a total of 384 cattle randomly selected from diverse locations. The study included cattle of various ages and genders, aiming to to determine the prevalence of bovine fasciolosis and its associated risk factors in and around Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. Fecal examinations were performed to detect fluke eggs, and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics in STATA Version 20.0 to summarize bovine fasciolosis prevalence. Chi-square tests assessed relationships with infection rates and risk factors, with significance set at P < 0.05. Out of 384 fecal samples analyzed, 49.21% tested positive for Fasciola eggs. The prevalence of the condition varied significantly by origin, with rates of 50% in Tikurit, 61.84% in Sebatamit, 27.65% in Latammba, and 59.37% in Kebele 11. In terms of body condition, prevalence was notably higher in cattle classified as poor (64%) compared to those in medium condition (50%) and fat cattle (26.96%), with these differences being statistically significant. Age also influenced prevalence, with young cattle having a rate of 50.38%, adults 47.33%, and old cattle 50.47%; however, these differences were not statistically significant. Sex did not significantly impact prevalence, with males at 49.73% and females at 48.73%. Additionally, local cattle exhibited a prevalence of 51.62%, whereas crossbreeds had a prevalence of 46.15%, with no significant differences observed between these groups (p < 0.05). The persistently high rates of bovine fasciolosis highlight the urgent need for comprehensive control measures. Implementing enhanced management practices to minimize cattle exposure to contaminated pastures and water sources is essential for effective prevention and control of this parasitic infection.
Ectopic cambia in Japanese wisteria (Wisteria floribunda) vines are associated with the expression of conservedKNOXgenes
Authors: Cunha Neto Israel L. , Snead Anthony A. , Landis Jacob B. , Specht Chelsea D. , Onyenedum Joyce G. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSecondary growth is a conserved mechanism that gives rise to vascular tissues produced via a single vascular cambium. Molecular mechanisms underlying this process are characterized mostly in model species bearing typical vascular architecture, while the genetics underlying ecologically-important atypical vascular architectures remain unexplored. We use developmental anatomy, comparative transcriptomics, and molecular evolutionary analyses to address this knowledge gap, investigating how multiple ectopic cambia (EC) form in the woody vine Japanese wisteria. Anatomical studies show EC in Japanese wisteria arise from cortical parenchyma, while cambium-specific transcriptome comparisons reveal that genes acting as regulators of typical cambium development in model species are likewise associated with atypical EC development. Gene trees of KNOX proteins indicate duplication events may contribute to EC formation, including a Fabaceae-specific duplication of KNAT6 detected as under positive selection. These findings reveal insights into the genetics of EC formation, advancing our understanding of the development of complex vascular traits.
Histone variant H3.3 mediates cGAS-STING pathway activation via telomere deprotection
Authors: Huang Chiao-Ming , Chen Liuh-Yow 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTelomeric deposition of histone variant H3.3 is controlled by ATRX, DAXX, HIRA, and ASF1 proteins. Point mutations of H3.3 and defective mutants of ATRX are associated with cancers that utilize the alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) pathway to protect and maintain chromosome ends. Here, we identify a cascade of events following the expression of a TRF2 dominant negative mutant, TRF2ΔBΔM, which are regulated by H3.3 expression. H3.3 regulates the formation of damaged foci at telomeres and subsequent telomere-to-telomere fusion events controlled by the DNA repair pathway. Telomere fusion events also contributes to the formation of micronuclei and abnormal segregation. Micronuclei formation triggers activation of the cGAS-STING mediated innate immune response to intracellular DNA and inhibits cell growth. All of these phenotypes are controlled by the expression of H3.3. Additionally, disruption of ATRX, DAXX, HIRA, or ASF1 elicits an impairment phenotype similar to that is caused by H3.3 inhibition. Our results indicate that cGAS-STING-mediated cellular senescence is triggered by deprotected telomeres and is controlled by the expression and deposition of H3.3 on telomeres.
Impaired neurogenesis and synaptogenesis in iPSC-derived Parkinson’s patient cortical neurons with D620N VPS35 mutation
Authors: Scheller Ute , Lee ChoongKu , Seibler Philip , Mitkovski Miso , Rhee JeongSeop , van Riesen Christoph 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPresynaptic dysfunction is an important early process in the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease (PD) that drives disease progression. To gain insight into the intrinsic synapse impairment in PD, we performed comprehensive electrophysiological and morphological analysis of iPSC-derived cortical neurons derived from PD patients with the VPS35-D620N mutation. Our findings reveal significant impairment in neurogenesis and synaptogenesis within individual patient neurons, culminating to synaptic dysfunction even in the absence of neuronal interactions. The neurons exhibited significantly reduced synaptic responsiveness, fewer synapse and decreased dendritic length and complexity. Thus, the VPS35-D620N mutation in human cortical neurons independently can cause pathophysiology via synaptic dysfunction. Our study highlights the urgent need to develop disease-modifying therapies aimed at preserving synaptic function in PD.
Outer hair cells stir cochlear fluids
Authors: Lee Choongheon , Shokrian Mohammad , Henry Kenneth S. , Carney Laurel H. , Holt Joseph C. , Nam Jong-Hoon 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe hypothesized that active outer hair cells drive cochlear fluid circulation. The hypothesis was tested by delivering the neurotoxin, kainic acid, to the intact round window of young gerbil cochleae while monitoring auditory responses in the cochlear nucleus. Sounds presented at a modest level significantly expedited kainic acid delivery. When outer-hair-cell motility was suppressed by salicylate, the facilitation effect was compromised. A low-frequency tone was more effective than broadband noise, especially for drug delivery to apical locations. Computational model simulations provided the physical basis for our observation, which incorporated solute diffusion, fluid advection, fluid-structure interaction, and outer-hair-cell motility. Active outer hair cells deformed the organ of Corti like a peristaltic tube to generate apically streaming flows along the tunnel of Corti and basally streaming flows along the scala tympani. Our measurements and simulations coherently suggest that active outer hair cells in the tail region of cochlear traveling waves drive cochlear fluid circulation.
The effect of performance contingent reward prospects flexibly adapts to more versus less specific task goals
Authors: Liegel Nathalie , Schneider Daniel , Wascher Edmund , Klatt Laura-Isabelle , Arnau Stefan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn some situations, e.g., when we expect to gain a reward in case of good performance, goal-driven top-down attention is particularly strong. Little is known about the task specificity of such increases of top-down attention due to environmental factors. To understand to what extent performance-contingent reward prospects can result in specific and unspecific changes in cognitive processing, we here investigate reward effects under different levels of task specification.Thirty-two participants performed a visual or an auditory discrimination task cued by two consecutive visual stimuli: First, a reward cue indicated if good performance was rewarded. Second, a task cue announced either which of the two tasks would follow (precise cue) or that both tasks would follow equally likely (imprecise cue).Reward and task cue preciseness both significantly improved performance. Moreover, the response time difference between precisely and imprecisely cued trials was significantly stronger in rewarded than in unrewarded trials. These effects were reflected in ERP slow wave amplitudes: Reward and preciseness both significantly enhanced the contingent negative variation (CNV) prior to the task stimulus. In an early CNV time interval, both factors also showed an interaction. A negative slow wave prior to the task cue was also significantly enhanced for rewarded trials. This effect correlated with the reward difference in response times.These results indicate that reward prospects trigger task-specific changes in preparatory top-down attention which can flexibly adapt over time and across different task requirements. This highlights that a reward-induced increase of cognitive control can occur on different specificity levels.
Predicting the Pathway Involvement of Metabolites in Both Pathway Categories and Individual Pathways
Authors: Huckvale Erik D. , Moseley Hunter N.B. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMetabolism is the network of chemical reactions that sustain cellular life. Parts of this metabolic network are defined as metabolic pathways containing specific biochemical reactions. Products and reactants of these reactions are called metabolites, which are associated with certain human-defined metabolic pathways. Metabolic knowledgebases, such as the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes (KEGG) contain metabolites, reactions, and pathway annotations; however, such resources are incomplete due to current limits of metabolic knowledge. To fill in missing metabolite pathway annotations, past machine learning models showed some success at predicting KEGG Level 2 pathway category involvement of metabolites based on their chemical structure. Here, we present the first machine learning model to predict metabolite association to more granular KEGG Level 3 metabolic pathways. We used a feature and dataset engineering approach to generate over one million metabolite-pathway entries in the dataset used to train a single binary classifier. This approach produced a mean Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) of 0.806 ± 0.017 SD across 100 cross-validations iterations. The 172 Level 3 pathways were predicted with an overall MCC of 0.726. Moreover, metabolite association with the 12 Level 2 pathway categories were predicted with an overall MCC of 0.891, representing significant transfer learning from the Level 3 pathway entries. These are the best metabolite-pathway prediction results published so far in the field.
Neuropathology in an α-synuclein preformed fibril mouse model occurs independent of the Parkinson’s disease-linked lysosomal ATP13A2 protein
Authors: Massari Caio M. , Dues Dylan J. , Bergsma Alexis , Sipple Kayla , Moore Darren J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLoss-of-function mutations in theATP13A2(PARK9) gene are implicated in early-onset autosomal recessive Parkinson’s disease (PD) and other neurodegenerative disorders.ATP13A2encodes a lysosomal transmembrane P5B-type ATPase that is highly expressed in brain and specifically within the substantia nigra. Recent studies have revealed its normal role as a lysosomal polyamine transporter, although its contribution to PD-related pathology remains unclear. Cellular studies report that ATP13A2 can regulate α-synuclein (α-syn) secretion via exosomes. However, the relationship between ATP13A2 and α-syn in animal models remains inconclusive.ATP13A2knockout (KO) mice exhibit lysosomal abnormalities and reactive astrogliosis but do not develop PD-related neuropathology. Studies manipulating α-syn levels in mice lacking ATP13A2 indicate minimal effects on pathology. The delivery of α-syn preformed fibrils (PFFs) into the mouse striatum is a well-defined model to study the development and spread of α-syn pathology. In this study, we unilaterally injected wild-type (WT) and homozygousATP13A2KO mice with mouse α-syn PFFs in the striatum and evaluated mice for neuropathology after 6 months. The distribution, extent and spread of α-syn aggregation in multiple regions of the mouse brain was largely independent of ATP13A2 expression. The loss of nigrostriatal pathway dopaminergic neurons and their nerve terminals induced by PFFs were equivalent in WT andATP13A2KO mice. Reactive astrogliosis was induced equivalently by α-syn PFFs in WT and KO mice but was significantly higher inATP13A2KO mice due to pre-existing gliosis. We did not identify asymmetric motor disturbances, microglial activation, or axonal damage induced by α-syn PFFs in WT or KO mice after 6 months. Although α-syn PFFs induce an increase in lysosomal number in the substantia nigra in general, TH-positive dopaminergic neurons did not exhibit either increased lysosomal area or intensity, regardless ofATP13A2genotype. Our study evaluating the spread of α-syn pathology reveals no exacerbation of α-syn pathology, neuronal loss, astrogliosis or motor deficits inATP13A2KO mice, suggesting that selective lysosomal abnormalities resulting from ATP13A2 loss do not play a major role in α-syn clearance or propagationin vivo.
NKX2.2 and KLF4 cooperate to regulate α cell identity
Authors: Brooks Elliott P. , Casey McKenna R. , Wells Kristen L. , Liu Tsung-Yun , Orman Madeline Van , Sussel Lori 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTranscription factors (TFs) are indispensable for maintaining cell identity through regulating cell-specific gene expression. Distinct cell identities derived from a common progenitor are frequently perpetuated by shared TFs; yet the mechanisms that enable these TFs to regulate cell-specific targets are poorly characterized. We report that the TF NKX2.2 is critical for the identity of pancreatic islet α cells by directly activating α cell genes and repressing alternate islet cell fate genes. When compared to the known role of NKX2.2 in islet β cells, we demonstrate that NKX2.2 regulates α cell genes, facilitated in part by α cell specific DNA binding at gene promoters. Furthermore, we have identified the reprogramming factor KLF4 as having enriched expression in α cells, where it co-occupies NKX2.2-bound α cell promoters, is necessary for NKX2.2 promoter occupancy in α cells and co-regulates many NKX2.2 α cell transcriptional targets. Misexpression ofKlf4in β cells is sufficient to manipulate chromatin accessibility, increase binding of NKX2.2 at α cell specific promoter sites, and alter expression of NKX2.2-regulated cell-specific targets. This study identifies KLF4 is a novel α cell factor that cooperates with NKX2.2 to regulate α cell identity.
Wink or blush? Pupil-linked brain arousal signals both change and uncertainty during assessment of changing environmental regularities
Authors: Gesztesi G. , Pajkossy P. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOne main cornerstone of adaptive behavior is belief updating, whereby new and unexpected observations lead to the updating of learned associations between events, behaviors and outcomes. This process necessitates the detection of changed environmental contingencies which in turn leads to uncertainty about the environmental regularities. Change and uncertainty are thus inherently linked, and both constructs have been linked to pupil size changes, which might reflect activity in neural networks underlying belief updating. Thus, in our study, we aimed to disentangle the effects of change and uncertainty on pupil-linked brain arousal. We used a probabilistic reversal learning task, where participants had to act according to changing preferences of a fictional character, and used specific cues to independently manipulate the level of change and uncertainty (e.g. the fictional character winked for signalizing change, or his face was blushed to indicate uncertainty). We found that when the cues triggered the same amount of uncertainty, larger levels of change in beliefs led to a transient increase in pupil size during cue processing. In contrast, when the cues signalized a similar amount of change, then increased belief uncertainty was associated with a sustained increase in pupil size, extending in time beyond cue processing. Thus, change and uncertainty exerted independent influence on pupil-linked brain arousal, suggesting the activity of different neural networks, and highlighting the need to disentangle the effects of these overlapping but distinct theoretical constructs.
Novel Large Empirical Study of Deep Transfer Learning for COVID-19 Classification Based on CT and X-Ray Images
Authors: Almutaani Mansour , Turki Turki , Taguchi Y-h. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe early and highly accurate prediction of COVID-19 based on medical images can speed up the diagnostic process and thereby mitigate disease spread; therefore, developing AI-based models is an inevitable endeavor. The presented work, to our knowledge, is the first to expand the model space and identify a better performing model among 10000 constructed deep transfer learning (DTL) models as follows. First, we downloaded and processed 4481 CT and X-ray images pertaining to COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients, obtained from the Kaggle repository. Second, we provide processed images as inputs to four pre-trained deep learning models (ConvNeXt, EfficientNetV2, DenseNet121, and ResNet34) on more than a million images from the ImageNet database, in which we froze the convolutional and pooling layers pertaining to the feature extraction part while unfreezing and training the densely connected classifier with the Adam optimizer. Third, we generate and take a majority vote of two, three, and four combinations from the four DTL models, resulting inmodels. Then, we combine the 11 DTL models, followed by consecutively generating and taking the majority vote ofDTL models. Finally, we select 7953 DTL models from. Experimental results from the whole datasets using five-fold cross-validation demonstrate that the best generated DTL model, named HC, achieving the best AUC of 0.909 when applied to the CT dataset, while ConvNeXt yielded a higher marginal AUC of 0.933 compared to 0.93 for HX when considering the X-ray dataset. These promising results set the foundation for promoting the large generation of models (LGM) in AI.