bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation in mortality among populations is higher for pymetrozine than for imidacloprid and spiromesifen in Trialeurodes vaporariorum in greenhouses in Finland
Authors: Ovčarenko Irina , Lindström Leena , Saikkonen Kari , Vänninen Irene 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDInsecticide resistance in Trialeurodes vaporariorum W. is unknown in the species' northern distribution range where it inhabits mainly commercial greenhouses. Resistance development in whiteflies feeding on year‐round crops in greenhouses is possible owing to the use of chemical treatments to back up biocontrol. The authors tested the response levels to spiromesifen, pymetrozine and imidacloprid in whiteflies collected from seven greenhouses within a 35 km radius in western Finland.RESULTSAll except one (PR) population had LC50 values below the recommended concentrations for the tested compounds. However, some populations showed reduced susceptibility to pymetrozine in comparison with the reference susceptible population. Resistance ratios to pymetrozine were highly variable (resistance ratio 0.5–39.7), even among closely located greenhouses, and higher than those for imidacloprid (resistance ratio 1.05–10.5) and spiromesifen (resistance ratio 0.8–11.5). LC50 values and application frequencies of pymetrozine correlated positively among the sampled populations.CONCLUSIONHigh variation in resistance levels to pymetrozine among populations within natural whitefly dispersal limits reflects variation in the usage of this compound among individual greenhouse crop producers. Thus, resistance management is recommended at the individual greenhouse crop producer level, even in a dense production cluster. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Formation of three‐dimensional GaAs microstructures by combination of wet and metal‐assisted chemical etching
Authors: Lee A Ri , Kim Jungkil , Choi Suk‐Ho , Shin Jae Cheol 
Published: February 2014

AbstractPreviously, plasma‐enhanced dry etching has been used to generate three‐dimensional GaAs semiconductor structures, however, dry etching induces surface damages that degrade optical properties. Here, we demonstrate the fabrication method forming various types of GaAs microstructures through the combination etching process using the wet‐chemical solution. In this method, a gold (Au)‐pattern is employed as an etching mask to facilitate not only the typical wet etching but also the metal‐assisted chemical etching (MacEtch). High‐aspect‐ratio, tapered GaAs micropillars are produced by using [HF]:[H2O2]:[EtOH] as an etching solution, and their taper angle can be tuned by changing the molar ratio of the etching solution. In addition, GaAs microholes are formed when UV light is illuminated during the etching process. Since the wet etching process is free of the surface damage compared to the dry etching process, the GaAs microstructures demonstrated to be well formed here are promising for the applications of III–V optoelectronic devices such as solar cells, laser diodes, and photonic crystal devices. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Mechanical properties and structures of bulk nanomaterials based on carbon nanopolymorphs
Authors: Baimova Julia A. , Liu Bo , Dmitriev Sergey V. , Zhou Kun 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBulk nanomaterials based on sp2 carbon nanopolymorphs are promising candidates for supercapacitors due to their unique properties such as extremely high specific surface area, high conductivity and stability against graphitization. However, the mechanical response of such materials to external loading is not understood well. This Letter studies the effect of hydrostatic pressure on the mechanical properties and structures of these materials via molecular dynamics simulations. Three types of nanopolymorphs‐based nanomaterials that are composed of bended graphene flakes, short carbon nanotubes and fullerenes are considered. It is found that these three materials show a distinct relation between the pressure and volume strain. Moreover, their resistance to graphitization depends on the structure of their constituent components. The phenomena are explained by analysing the radial distribution function and coordination numbers of the atoms. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Host–virus interactions: from the perspectives of epigenetics
Authors: Li Shanshan , Kong Lingbao , Yu Xilan , Zheng Yi 
Published: February 2014

SUMMARYChromatin structure and histone modifications play key roles in gene regulation. Some virus genomes are organized into chromatin‐like structure, which undergoes different histone modifications facilitating complex functions in virus life cycles including replication. Here, we present a comprehensive summary of recent research in this field regarding the interaction between viruses and host epigenetic factors with emphasis on how chromatin modifications affect viral gene expression and virus infection. We also describe the strategies employed by viruses to manipulate the host epigenetic program to facilitate virus replication as well as the underlying mechanisms. Together, knowledge from this field not only generates novel insights into virus life cycles but may also have important therapeutic implications. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Orbital feedback linearization for multi‐input control systems
Authors: Li Shun‐Jie , Respondek Witold 
Published: February 2014

SummaryA nonlinear control system is said to be orbital feedback linearizable if there exist an invertible static feedback and a change of time scale (depending on the state) which transform the system into a linear system. We give geometric necessary and sufficient conditions describing multi‐input control‐affine systems that are orbital feedback linearizable out of equilibria and in the case of equal controllability indices. We also describe a construction of the time rescaling needed to orbitally linearize the system. Moreover, we analyze close relations between orbital feedback linearizable control‐affine systems and control‐linear systems that are feedback equivalent to a multi‐chained form comparing geometric structures corresponding to both problems. We illustrate our results by two examples, one being a rigid bar moving in .Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhancement on strongly secure group key agreement
Authors: Tseng Yuh‐Min , Tsai Tung‐Tso , Huang Sen‐Shan 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTIn 2011, Zhao et al. presented a new security model of group key agreement (GKA) by considering ephemeral secret leakage (ESL) attacks. Meanwhile, they proposed a strongly secure GKA protocol under the new model. In this paper, two security weaknesses on their protocol are pointed out and remedied, in which, their GKA protocol must rely on a signature scheme with existential unforgeability under adaptive chosen message attacks (UF‐ACMA) to achieve the security goals of authenticated key exchange and mutual authentication in the new model. We argue and illustrate that a UF‐ACMA secure signature scheme is insufficient to promise the security goals because the employed signature scheme does not consider the ESL attacks. For providing authentication functionality of some future cryptographic mechanisms (e.g., authenticated GKA protocols, authenticated key agreement protocols, and authentication schemes) resistant to the ESL attacks, we define a novel security notion for digital signature schemes, termed existential UF‐ACM and ephemeral secret leakage attacks. On the basis of Schnorr's signature scheme, we propose the first UF‐ACM and ephemeral secret leakage attacks secure signature scheme. We demonstrate that the proposed scheme is provably secure under the hardness of computing discrete logarithms in the random oracle model. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experience report: evolution of a web‐integrated software development and verification environment
Authors: Cook Charles T. , Sun Yu‐Shan , Sitaraman Murali 
Published: February 2014

SummaryThis paper summarizes our experiences over the last 4 years in creating a web‐integrated software development and verification environment. The environment has been used for both research experimentation and education. It has been used in undergraduate computer science courses to teach modular software development and analytical reasoning principles at multiple institutions. In the process, the environment has undergone many refinements to meet demands for improved functionality and to leverage rapidly changing underlying technology for the improvements. The environment is tailored to present formal specifications and alternative implementations of components, and enable correctness checking through a server‐side verifying compiler. This paper presents a detailed account of the development and evolution of the environment—its functionality, user interface, and underlying technology—that we hope will serve as a model for others, especially as the benefits of online learning systems are becoming increasingly obvious. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modified nucleosides as biomarkers for early cancer diagnose in exposed populations
Authors: Seidel Annerose , Seidel Peter , Manuwald Olaf , Herbarth Olf 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThere is increasing worldwide interest in developing of markers for tumor diagnosis and identification of individuals who are at high cancer risk. Cancer, like other diseases accompanied by metabolic disorders, causes characteristic effects on cell turnover rate, activity of modifying enzymes, and RNA/DNA modifications. This results in an increased excretion of modified nucleosides in cancer patients. Therefore, for many years modified nucleosides have been suggested as tumor markers. The aim of the study was to elucidate further the usefulness of urinary nucleosides as possible markers at early detection of cancer in persons which are exposed against tumor promoting influences during their working life. Uranium miners are exposed to many kinds of pollutants that can cause health damage even lead to carcinogenesis. We analyzed modified nucleosides in urine samples from 92 miners who are at high risk for lung cancer to assess the levels of nucleosides by a multilayer perceptron (MLP) classifier – a neural network model. Eighteen nucleosides/metabolites were detected with reversed‐phase high‐pressure liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC). A valid set of urinary metabolites were selected and multivariate statistical technique of multilayer perceptron neural network were applied. In a previous study, MLP shows a sensitivity and specificity of 97 and 85%, respectively. MLP classification including the most relevant markers/nucleosides clearly demonstrates the elevation of RNA metabolism in miners, which is associated with possible malignant disease. We found that there were 30 subjects with early health disorders among 92 uranium workers based on MLP technique using modified nucleosides. The combination of RP‐HPLC analysis of modified nucleosides and subsequent MLP analyses represents a promising tool for the development of a non‐invasive prediction system and may assist in developing management and surveillance procedures. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 30: 956–967, 2015.
Temporal lobe dysplasia: a characteristic sonographic finding in thanatophoric dysplasia
Authors: Wang D. C. , Shannon P. , Toi A. , Chitayat D. , Mohan U. , Barkova E. , Keating S. , Tomlinson G. , Glanc P. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo determine the incidence of temporal lobe dysplasia (TLD) detected on prenatal ultrasound in thanatophoric dysplasia (TD) over an 11‐year period in a tertiary referral center.MethodsAn 11‐year retrospective review of perinatal autopsies from 2002 to 2013 was performed to identify cases of TD. The ultrasound images and corresponding reports of all TD cases were examined for the presence of TLD. The same set of images subsequently underwent a retrospective review by a perinatal radiologist with knowledge of the features of TLD to determine whether they could be identified.ResultsThirty‐one cases of TD underwent perinatal autopsy, and prenatal ultrasound imaging was available for review in 24 (77%). Mean gestational age at diagnosis of TD was 21.3 (range, 18–36) weeks. TLD was identified and reported in 6/24 (25%) cases; all six cases occurred after 2007. Retrospective interpretation of the ultrasound images identified features of TLD in 10 additional cases. In total, 16/24 (67%) cases displayed sonographic evidence of TLD. Temporal trends showed that TLD features were present in 50% (5/10) of all TD cases between 2002 and 2006 and in 79% (11/14) of those detected between 2007 and 2013.ConclusionsAt present, the detection rate of TLD by ultrasound is low but may be increased by modified brain images that enhance visualization of the temporal lobes. Prenatal identification of TLD may help in the prenatal diagnosis of TD and thus provide more accurate prenatal counseling and guide molecular investigations to confirm the specific diagnosis of TD. Copyright © 2014 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Prediction of the extreme wind speed in the mixed climate region by using Monte Carlo simulation and measure‐correlate‐predict method
Authors: Ishihara Takeshi , Yamaguchi Atsushi 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThe extreme wind speed at an offshore location was predicted using Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) and measure‐correlate‐predict (MCP) method. The Gumbel distribution could successfully express the annual maximum wind speed of extratropical cyclone. On the other hand, the estimated extreme wind speed of tropical cyclones by analytical probability distribution shows larger uncertainty. In the mixed climate like Japan, the extreme wind speed estimated from the combined probability distribution obtained by MCP and MCS methods agrees well with the observed data as compared with the combined probability distribution obtained by the MCP method only. The uncertainty of extreme wind speed due to limited observation period of wind speed and pressure was also evaluated by the Gumbel theory and Monte Carlo simulation. As a result, it was found that the uncertainty of 50 year recurrence wind speed obtained by MCS method is considerably smaller than that obtained by MCP method in the mixed climate. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of wind turbine wakes on wind‐induced motions in wood‐pole overhead lines
Authors: MacIver C. , Cruden A. , Leithead W. E. , Bertinat M. P. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWood‐pole overhead conductor lines are known to be subject to different wind‐induced motions, some which lead to conductor fatigue over long periods and others that can cause severe damage over short, isolated incidences. These lines are often located in rural areas, and, with the ever increasing deployment of onshore wind farms, the potential impact of the wind turbine wakes on these conductor motions is a matter of interest. Discussion of the potential effects of conductor fatigue on wood‐pole overhead conductor lines is important as this could impact the planning, modelling and siting of onshore wind farms. This paper presents a literature analysis of both the mechanism by which different conductor motions are excited and wind turbine wake characteristics with specific interest at low levels akin to wood‐pole height. The archival value of this paper is that experimental data from an active wind farm, at wood‐pole overhead line heights, is analysed and discussed for the first time, and the results show that wake effects at these heights are likely to be minimal. However, turbulent buffeting in particular is cited as a problem of interest, and the potential effects on wood‐pole motions are outlined. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physiological characterization of ATP-citrate lyase in Aspergillus niger
Authors: Chen Hong , He Xihong , Geng Hongran , Liu Hao 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Acetyl-CoA, an important molecule in cellular metabolism, is generated in multiple subcellular compartments and mainly used for energy production, biosynthesis of a diverse set of molecules, and protein acetylation. In eukaryotes, cytosolic acetyl-CoA is derived mainly from the conversion of citrate and CoA by ATP-citrate lyase. Here, we describe the targeted deletions of acl1 and acl2, two tandem divergently transcribed genes encoding subunits of ATP-citrate lyase in Aspergillus niger. We show that loss of acl1 or/and acl2 results in a significant decrease of acetyl-CoA and citric acid levels in these mutants, concomitant with diminished vegetative growth, decreased pigmentation, reduced asexual conidiogenesis, and delayed conidial germination. Exogenous addition of acetate repaired the defects of acl-deficient strains in growth and conidial germination but not pigmentation and conidiogenesis. We demonstrate that both Acl1 and Acl2 subunits are required to form a functional ATP-citrate lyase in A. niger. First, deletion of acl1 or/and acl2 resulted in similar defects in growth and development. Second, enzyme activity assays revealed that loss of either acl1 or acl2 gene resulted in loss of ATP-citrate lyase activity. Third, in vitro enzyme assays using bacterially expressed 6His-tagged Acl protein revealed that only the complex of Acl1 and Acl2 showed ATP-citrate lyase activity, no enzyme activities were detected with the individual protein. Fourth, EGFP-Acl1 and mCherry-Acl2 proteins were co-localized in the cytosol. Thus, acl1 and acl2 coordinately modulate the cytoplasmic acetyl-CoA levels to regulate growth, development, and citric acid synthesis in A. niger.
Improved Expression of Recombinant Human Factor IX by Co-expression of GGCX, VKOR and Furin
Authors: Liu Jianming , Jonebring Anna , Hagström Jonas , Nyström Ann-Christin , Lövgren Ann 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Recombinant human FIX concentrates (rhFIX) are essential in the treatment and prevention of bleeding in the bleeding disorder haemophilia B. However, due to the complex nature of FIX production yields are low which leads to high treatment costs. Here we report the production of rhFIX with substantially higher yield by co-expressing human FIX with GGCX (γ-glutamyl carboxylase), VKOR (vitamin K epoxide reductase) and furin (paired basic amino acid cleaving enzyme) in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Our results show that controlled co-expression of GGCX with FIX is critical to obtain high rhFIX titre, and, that co-expression of VKOR further increased the yield of active rhFIX. Furin co-expression improved processing of the leader peptide of rhFIX but had a minor effect on yield of active rhFIX. The optimal expression level of GGCX was surprisingly low and required unusual engineering of expression vector elements. For VKOR and furin the control of expression was less critical and could be achieved by standard vector element. Using our expression vectors an rhFIX-producing clone with an expression level of up to 30 mg/L of active rhFIX was obtained. In addition an efficient single step purification method was developed to obtain pure and active rhFIX with up to 94 % yield.
Radioelement-bearing Secondary Zoned Apatite around Govardhanagiri–Chinnakolumulapalli–L. Banda Areas of Kurnool District, Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Sarvanan R. , Srivastava S. K. , Kumar T. S. Sunil , Kumar S. Niranjan , Mohanty R. , Babu P. V. Ramesh 
Published: February 2014

Abstract:
Zoned Apatite crystals with intrinsic radioactivity are widespread in the S-type basement granite around Govardhanagiri–Chinnakolumulapalli–L.Banda areas of Kurnool District, A.P. The granite is overlain by Gulcheru quartzite and in turn by Vempalle dolostone of Papaghni Group belonging to the Cuddapah Supergroup. The area (4 km x 6 km) is characterized by conjugate fracture system comprising ENE-WSW and WNW-ESE of varying extents, of which, ENE-WSW is sympathetic to the major deep seated Gani Kalva fault. The apatite crystals are frequently zoned and vary in size from few microns to 1000 microns, occur mostly as veins or associated with pulverized matrix of granite cataclasite. Veins (upto 2 cm. thick) generally follow the major fracture-trend (ENE-WSW) in the area. The apatites are also found intimately associated with fluorite, tourmaline and sulphides, which suggest their derivation from pneumatolytic fluids. The intrinsic accessory uranium as scarce grains of uraninite and other labile phases of granite were remobilized consequent upon the deformation and locked up as ferroan-oxy/hydroxyl inclusions in slowly growing apatite crystals under very low temperature conditions.
On Some Fabaceous Fruits from the Siwalik Sediments (Middle Miocene-Lower Pleistocene) of Eastern Himalaya
Authors: Khan Mahasin Ali , Bera Subir 
Published: February 2014

Abstract:
Four legume fruits (Fabaceae) from the Siwalik sediments (middle Miocene to lower Pleistocene) of Darjeeling and Arunachal Pradesh of Eastern Himalaya are described here. One fossil fruit, Dalbergia prelatifolia sp. nov., is recovered from the lower part of the Siwalik succession (Gish Clay Formation of Sevok Group; middle to upper Miocene) of Darjeeling foothills. Mastertia neoassamica sp. nov. and Acacia miocatechuoides sp. nov. are collected from the lower part of the Siwalik succession (Dafla Formation; middle Miocene to upper Miocene), while Pongamia kathgodamensis Prasad is recovered from the upper part of the Siwalik succession (Kimin Formation; upper Pliocene-lower Pleistocene) of Arunachal sub Himalaya. Their presence indicates a warm and humid tropical environment in the region during the Siwalik sedimentation.
Canadian Association of Radiologists Consensus Guidelines for the Prevention of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy: Update 2012
Authors: Owen Richard J. , Hiremath Swapnil , Myers Andy , Fraser-Hill Margaret , Barrett Brendan J. 
Published: February 2014

Purpose Contrast-induced acute kidney injury or contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a significant complication of intravascular contrast medium (CM). These guidelines are intended as a practical approach to risk stratification and prevention. The major risk factor that predicts CIN is pre-existing chronic kidney disease. Methods Members of the committee represent radiologists and nephrologists across Canada. The previous guidelines were reviewed, and an in-depth up-to-date literature review was carried out. Results A serum creatinine level (SCr) should be obtained, and an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) should be calculated within 6 months in the outpatient who is stable and within 1 week for inpatients and patients who are not stable. Patients with an eGFR of ≥ 60 mL/min have an extremely low risk of CIN. The risk of CIN after intra-arterial CM administration appears be at least twice that after intravenous administration. Fluid volume loading remains the single most important measure, and hydration regimens that use sodium bicarbonate or normal saline solution should be considered for all patients with GFR < 60 mL/min who receive intra-arterial contrast and when GFR < 45 mL/min in patients who receive intravenous contrast. Patients are most at risk for CIN when eGFR < 30 mL/min. Additional preventative measures include the following: avoid dehydration, avoid CM when appropriate, minimize CM volume and frequency, avoid high osmolar CM, and discontinue nephrotoxic medications 48 hours before administration of CM.