bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactivity of N‐Alkyl Carbamoylimidazoles: Development of N‐Methyl Carbamoylimidazole as a Methyl Isocyanate Equivalent.
Authors: Duspara Petar A. , Islam Md. Sadequl , Lough Alan J. , Batey Robert A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe applied imidazole reagent can be easily prepared from methylamine hydrochloride.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Mechanosynthesis of Aromatic Amides and Dipeptides from Carboxylic Acids and Amines.
Authors: Strukil Vjekoslav , Bartolec Boris , Portada Tomislav , Dilovic Ivica , Halasz Ivan , Margetic Davor 
Published: March 2013

AbstractEnvironmentally friendly one‐pot synthesis of amides such as (III) and (X), bis‐amides (V) and (VIII) and dipeptides (XIII) by mechanochemical carbodiimide‐mediated coupling of carboxylic acids and amines is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Taking the F Out of FLP: Simple Lewis Acid—Base Pairs for Mild Reductions with Neutral Boranes via Borenium Ion Catalysis.
Authors: Eisenberger Patrick , Bailey Adrian M. , Crudden Cathleen M. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractTwo three‐coordinate borenium salts, [DABCO‐BPIN] +HB(C6F5)3‐, prepared in situ [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Surfactant‐Type Catalyst for Asymmetric Reduction of Aliphatic Ketones in Water.
Authors: Li Jiahong , Tang Yuanfu , Wang Qiwei , Li Xuefeng , Cun Linfeng , Zhang Xiaomei , Zhu Jin , Li Liangchun , Deng Jingen 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe remarkable enantioselectivities are explained by synergistic effects between the metal center and the hydrophobic microenvironment in the metallomicelles.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Trifluorostyrenes via Palladium‐Catalyzed Coupling of Arylboronic Acids with Chloro‐ and Bromotrifluoroethylene.
Authors: Xu Chunfa , Chen Sheng , Lu Long , Shen Qilong 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe title compounds are interesting monomers for the preparation of fluorinated polymers.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Aryl Thioethers Through the N‐Chlorosuccinimide‐Promoted Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Thiols with Grignard Reagents.
Authors: Cheng Jun‐Hao , Ramesh Chintakunta , Kao Hsin‐Lun , Wang Yu‐Jen , Chan Chien‐Ching , Lee Chin‐Fa 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis one‐pot synthesis yields aryl thioethers by reaction of intermediary sulfenylchlorides with Grignard reagents.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Desulfitative Homocoupling of Sodium Arylsulfinates in Water Using PdCl2 as the Recyclable Catalyst and O2 as the Terminal Oxidant.
Authors: Rao Bin , Zhang Weixi , Hu Lan , Luo Meiming 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe applied catalytic system can be recycled several times by just reusing the already used aqueous phase without recharging of catalyst and water.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of Glycidic Amides Based on a New Class of Chiral Sulfonium Salts: Applications in Asymmetric Synthesis.
Authors: Sarabia Francisco , Vivar‐Garcia Carlos , Garcia‐Castro Miguel , Garcia‐Ruiz Cristina , Martin‐Galvez Francisca , Sanchez‐Ruiz Antonio , Chammaa Samy 
Published: March 2013

AbstractYlides, generated in situ by the basic treatment of chiral bicyclic sulfonium salts (I) and (II) react with a large variety of aliphatic, aromatic, heteroaromatic, α,β‐unsaturated and chiral functionalized aldehydes to trans‐epoxy amides with good to excellent diastereoselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodocyclization of o‐Alkynylbenzamides Revisited: Formation of Isobenzofuran‐1(3H)‐imines and 1H‐Isochromen‐1‐imines Instead of Lactams.
Authors: Schlemmer Claudine , Andernach Lars , Schollmeyer Dieter , Straub Bernd F. , Opatz Till 
Published: March 2013

AbstractRemarkably, isobenzofuran and benzopyran derivatives are obtained by the title reaction and not as described in earlier publications five‐ or six‐membered lactams.
ChemInform Abstract: Acid‐Catalyzed Regioselective Sulfamination of γ‐Amino—Alkenes and Stereoselective Rearrangement of Pyrrolidines to Piperidines.
Authors: Li Lijun , Wang Haining , Huang Deshun , Shi Yian 
Published: March 2013

AbstractRearrangement of the pyrrolidines to piperidines proceeds via thiiranium intermediates.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Stereoselective and Scalable Synthesis of trans‐Fused Octahydrocyclohepta[b]pyrrol‐4(1H)‐ones via the Aza‐Cope—Mannich Rearrangement in Racemic and Enantiopure Forms.
Authors: Belov Dmitry S. , Lukyanenko Evgeny R. , Kurkin Alexander V. , Yurovskaya Marina A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractKey steps of the process are the regioselective epoxide ring‐opening of alkynyl oxirane (I) and stereoselective aza‐Cope—Mannich reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Synthesis of 4,5‐Dihydroxyimidazolidin‐2‐ones (‐thiones) and Their Structure.
Authors: Kravchenko A. N. , Baranov V. V. , Nelyubina Yu. V. , Gazieva G. A. , Svitan'ko I. V. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractMechanistic and stereochemical aspects are discussed for the reaction of ureas with glyoxal trimer dihydrate and benzil, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Syntheses of 2‐Fluoroalkylbenzimidazoles and ‐benzothiazoles.
Authors: Rene Olivier , Souverneva Alexandra , Magnuson Steven R. , Fauber Benjamin P. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA facile synthesis of the title compounds is achieved by condensation of fluorinated carboxylic acids and aromatic diamines or aminothiophenols.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activities of New Polyhalogenated Benzimidazoles.
Authors: Laudy Agnieszka E. , Moo‐Puc Rosa , Cedillo‐Rivera Roberto , Kazimierczuk Zygmunt , Orzeszko Andrzej 
Published: March 2013

AbstractSeveral new polyhalogenated benzimidazole derivatives as well as related 2′‐deoxyribonucleosides are synthesized and screened for their antibacterial and antiprotozoal activity.
ChemInform Abstract: A Two‐Step, One‐Pot Procedure Using Acid Chlorides and Propargyl Amines to Form Tri‐Substituted Oxazoles via Gold‐Catalyzed Cyclization.
Authors: Tran‐Dube Michelle , Johnson Sarah , McAlpine Indrawan 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn situ prepared propargylic amides undergo gold‐catalyzed cyclization to produce trisubstituted oxazoles in a one‐pot manner.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Modeling, Synthesis and Screening of Some New 4‐Thiazolidinone Derivatives with Promising Selective COX‐2 Inhibitory Activity.
Authors: Unsal‐Tan Oya , Ozadali Keriman , Piskin Kevser , Balkan Ayla 
Published: March 2013

AbstractNovel 4‐thiazolidinone derivatives (III) are designed, synthesized and their COX‐1 and COX‐2 inhibitory activities are evaluated.
ChemInform Abstract: Thiazolo[3,2‐b]‐1,2,4‐triazole‐5(6H)‐one Substituted with Ibuprofen: Novel Non‐Steroidal Antiinflammatory Agents with Favorable Gastrointestinal Tolerance.
Authors: Uzgoeren‐Baran Ayse , Tel Banu Cahide , Sarigoel Deniz , Oeztuerk Elif Inci , Kazkayasi Inci , Okay Guerol , Ertan Mevluet , Tozkoparan Birsen 
Published: March 2013

AbstractStarting from the known ibuprofen derivative (I), a series of thiazolo[3,2‐b]‐1,2,4‐triazole‐5(6H)‐ones (IV) are synthesized and evaluated for their in vivo antiinflammatory and analgesic activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermal, Non‐Catalyzed Huisgen Cycloaddition for the Preparation of 4,5‐Bis(trimethylsilyl)‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazoles.
Authors: Brisbois Ronald G. , Bergan Alexandra M. , Ellison Aubrey J. , Griffin Percy Y. , Hackbarth Kent C. , Larson Steven R. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA general protocol is reported for the synthesis of the title triazoles (III) via 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of azides and bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene.
ChemInform Abstract: Vinyltetrazoles. Part 3. Metal‐Catalyzed Arylation, a New Method of Vinyltetrazoles Functionalization.
Authors: Aleshunin P. A. , Esikov K. A. , Dolgushin F. M. , Ostrovskii V. A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA series of (E)‐styryltetrazoles, which were previously unavailable, is synthesized by the chemical modification of vinyltetrazoles based on Heck reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Synthesis of Substituted Dihydropyrans via an Oxonium—ene Cyclization Reaction.
Authors: Saha Pipas , Ghosh Priya , Sultana Sabera , Saikia Anil K. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA simple and efficient methodology for the synthesis of substituted dihydropyrans is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Isocoumarins and Phthalides via tert‐Butyl Isocyanide Insertion.
Authors: Fei Xiang‐Dong , Ge Zhi‐Yuan , Tang Ting , Zhu Yong‐Ming , Ji Shun‐Jun 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis is a simple and efficient method for the synthesis of isocoumarins and phthalides from easily accessible substrates in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Cascade [4 + 1] Annulation via More Environmentally Friendly Nitrogen Ylides in Water: Synthesis of Bicyclic and Tricyclic Fused Dihydrofurans.
Authors: Kumar Atul , Srivastava Suman , Gupta Garima 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe presented approach is the first one involving an in situ base regeneration for this type of reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 6‐Alkyl‐2‐dialkylaminomethyl‐7‐hydroxy‐3‐ (4‐methylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐4H‐chromen‐4‐ones.
Authors: Shokol T. V. , Gorbulenko N. V. , Turov A. V. , Khilya V. P. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractPotential biologically active title compounds of type (VI) are prepared by amination of hydroxychromone (IV) with secondary cyclic amines (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Halogenated Flavanones as Potential Apoptosis‐Inducing Agents: Synthesis and Biological Activity Evaluation.
Authors: Safavi Maliheh , Esmati Nasim , Ardestani Sussan Kabudanian , Emami Saeed , Ajdari Soheila , Davoodi Jamshid , Shafiee Abbas , Foroumadi Alireza 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA series of biologically active title compounds of type (IV) is prepared and tested for their cytotoxicity against a panel of human cancer cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: Improved Synthesis of 3‐(Aminoaryl)coumarins.
Authors: Matos Maria Joao , Gaspar Alexandra , Borges Fernanda , Uriarte Eugenio , Santana Lourdes 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA new method is given for the amination of aromatic bromo compounds using trifluoroacetamide as ammonia source and the system CuI/DMEDA as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Pd(0)‐Catalyzed Reactions of (2‐Iodoanilino)aldehydes: A Joint Experimental—Computational Study.
Authors: Sole Daniel , Mariani Francesco , Fernandez Israel , Siera Miguel A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA combined experimental‐computational (DFT) investigation of the factors controlling the chemoselectivity of Pd‐catalyzed cyclization reactions of (2‐iodoanilino)aldehydes is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Eco‐Friendly Three‐Component Protocol for the Regio‐ and Stereoselective Synthesis of Functionalized trans‐Dihydrofuro[3,2‐c]‐quinolin‐4(2H)‐ones.
Authors: Indumathi Sethuraman , Perumal Subbu , Anbananthan Natarajan 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe reaction can also be conducted under conventional heating conditions with comparable yields but on the expense of the reaction time (3h vs.
ChemInform Abstract: Reissert‐Like Alkenylation of Azaaromatic Compounds with Alkenylzirconocene Chloride Complexes.
Authors: Saito Akio , Sudo Kohei , Iimura Koichi , Hayashi Miki , Hanzawa Yuji 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe Reissert‐like alkenylation of 3,4‐dihydroisoquinoline (I) with alkenylzirconocenes (II) in the presence of ethyl chloroformate gives alkenylated tetrahydroisoquinoline (IV) regioselectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Two Directions in Spiroheterocyclization of 1H‐Pyrrole‐2,3‐diones upon the Action of 3‐Arylamino‐1H‐inden‐1‐ones.
Authors: Dmitriev M. V. , Silaichev P. S. , Aliev Z. G. , Aldoshin S. M. , Maslivets A. N. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe different mechanisms leading to both spiroheterocycles (III) and (IV) are discussed briefly.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Pyrazolo[4,3‐c]cinnoline Derivatives as Potential Antiinflammatory and Antibacterial Agents.
Authors: Bawa Sandhya , et al. et al. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractTitle compound (IIIc) and (IIId) show promising antiinflammatory activity with reduced ulcerogenic and lipid peroxidation activity in comparison to naproxen.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New 5‐Benzylated 4‐Oxo‐3,4‐dihydro‐5H‐pyridazino[4,5‐b]indoles as PI3Kα Inhibitors.
Authors: Loge Cedric , et al. et al. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractTitle compounds (IV) are synthesized via a new approach involving regioselective N‐benzylation as final step.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel 4‐Substituted Styryl Quinazolines as Potential Antimicrobial Agents.
Authors: Modh Rahul P. , Patel Amit C. , Mahajan Dharmesh H. , Pannecouque Christophe , De Clercq Erik , Chikhalia Kishor H. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA series of novel styrylquinazoline derivatives incorporating urea (VII) or thiourea moieties (IX) (22 examples in all) are designed synthesized and evaluated for their anti‐HIV and antibacterial activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antioxidant Activity of 1,3,4‐Oxadiazole Tagged Thieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidine Derivatives.
Authors: Kotaiah Y. , Harikrishna N. , Nagaraju K. , Rao C. Venkata 
Published: March 2013

AbstractNewly synthesized methylthieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidine carboxylic acids (V) react smoothly with aromatic carboxylhydrazides (VI) providing the entitled oxadiazole tagged title compounds of type (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Formylation of 4,7‐Dihydro‐1,2,4‐triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines Using Vilsmeier—Haack Conditions.
Authors: Lipson Victoria V. , Svetlichnaya Nataliya V. , Borodina Victoria V. , Shirobokova Maria G. , Desenko Sergey M. , Musatov Vladimir I. , Shishkina Svetlana V. , Shishkin Oleg V. , Zubatyuk Roman I. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe direction of the electrophilic attack in dihydropyrimidine ring of aryl‐substituted 4,7‐dihydro‐1,2,4‐triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines in the Vilsmeier—Haack reaction is examined.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction with Hydrazonoyl Halides. Part 64. Synthesis of Some New Triazolino[4,3‐a]pyrimidines, 1,3,4‐Thiadiazoles, and 5‐Arylazothiazoles.
Authors: Abdelhamid Abdou O. , Fahmi Abdelgawad A. , Baaui Basma S. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractConvenient syntheses of triazolino[4,3‐a]pyrimidines, 2,3‐dihydro‐1,3,4‐thiadiazoles, 2,3‐dihydro‐1,3,4‐selenadiazoles, and 5‐arylazothiazoles containing a benzofuran moiety are presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of 6‐Ethynylpteridine Derivatives by Sonogashira Coupling.
Authors: Nxumalo Winston , Dinsmore Andrew 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe Sonogashira cross‐coupling of diprotected benzenesulfonyloxypteridine (III) with alkynes affords the desired 6‐alkynyl product, however, a partially deprotected product (V) is isolated after chromatographic purification.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4‐Amino‐6‐chloro‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2(1H)‐ones.
Authors: Bakharev V. V. , Gidaspov A. A. , Parfenov V. E. , Ul'yankina I. V. , Zavodskaya A. V. , Selezneva E. V. , Suponitskii K. Yu. , Sheremetev A. B. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe sequential substitution of chlorine atoms in cyanuric chlorides is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: A Mild and Efficient Synthesis of 3‐Hetarylamino‐s‐tetrazines.
Authors: Sheremetev Aleksei B. , Palysaeva Nadezhda V. , Struchkova Marina I. , Suponitsky Kyrill Yu. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractTetrazine (I) reacts with weakly based hetarylamines to afford compounds of 3,5‐dimethylpyrazolyl group displacement [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: The Mannich Reaction in the Synthesis of N,S‐Containing Heterocycles. Part 12. First Example of Aminomethylation Involving 2‐Thioxonicotinamide Derivatives: Synthesis of 3,5,7,11‐Tetraazatricyclo [7.3.1.02,7]tridec‐2‐ene‐9‐carboxamides.
Authors: Dotsenko V. V. , Krivokolysko S. G. , Litvinov V. P. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe previously unknown title compounds (IV) are formed via a new Mannich‐type reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of β‐Keto‐β‐alkanoyloxyphosphonates, Phosphine Oxides and Sulfides and Their Application to the Synthesis of Novel Phosphoryl‐ and Thiophosphorylpyrazoles.
Authors: Slimani Hosni , Touil Soufiane 
Published: March 2013

Abstractβ‐Keto‐β‐alkanoyloxyphosphonates, phosphine oxides, and sulfides [(III), (V), and (VII), resp.] are synthesized starting from β‐aminoesters (I) by one‐pot reactions with chlorophosphines and phosphites (II) or chlorophosphates and thiophosphates (VI), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Cycloaddition of 2‐Pyridinetellurenyl Chloride to Alkenes.
Authors: Borisov A. V. , Matsulevich Zh. V. , Osmanov V. K. , Borisova G. N. , Naumov V. I. , Mammadova G. Z. , Maharramov A. M. , Khrustalev V. N. , Kachala V. V. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe cycloaddition reactions proceed both regio‐ and diastereoselectively.
ChemInform Abstract: New Diterpene Furanoids from the Antarctic lichen Huea sp.
Authors: Cui Yinglan , Yim Joung Han , Lee Dong‐Sung , Kim Youn‐Chul , Oh Hyuncheol 
Published: March 2013

AbstractFour new diterpene furanoids, hueafuranoids A—D, are isolated from the MeOH extract of Antarctic lichen Huea sp.
ChemInform Abstract: Cytotoxic and anti‐Angiogenic Properties of Minor 3,4‐seco‐Cycloartanes from Gardenia sootepensis Exudate.
Authors: Pudhom Khanitha , Nuanyai Thanesuan , Matsubara Kiminori 
Published: March 2013

AbstractTwo new seco‐cycloartane triterpenes, sootependial (I) and sootepenoic acid (II), are isolated together with five known compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Esermethole via an Intramolecular Carbamoylketene‐Alkene [2 + 2] Cycloaddition.
Authors: Ozawa Tsukasa , Kanematsu Makoto , Yokoe Hiromasa , Yoshida Masahiro , Shishido Kozo 
Published: March 2013

AbstractTitle compound (VII) is synthesized in 33% overall yield from p‐anisidine (I) using intramolecular [2 + 2] cycloaddition [→ (III)] and nitrone‐mediated ring expansion [→ (VI)] as the key steps.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Antitumor, Antitrypanosomal and Antileishmanial Activities of Benzo[4,5]canthin‐6‐ones Bearing the N′‐(Substituted benzylidene)‐carbohydrazide and N‐Alkylcarboxamide Groups at C‐2.
Authors: Sarragiotto Maria Helena , et al. et al. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractNovel benzocanthinone derivatives bearing carbohydrazide (V) or carboxamide moieties at the 2‐position (IX) are synthesized and evaluated for their pharmacological properties.
ChemInform Abstract: pH‐Switched HRP‐Catalyzed Dimerization of Resveratrol: A Selective Biomimetic Synthesis.
Authors: Li Chang , Lu Jing , Xu Xiaofei , Hu Ruilin , Pan Yuanjiang 
Published: March 2013

AbstractUnder acidic and neutral conditions other resveratrol dimers can be obtained but mostly as mixtures.
ChemInform Abstract: Angucyclines from an Insect‐Derived Actinobacterium Amycolatopsis sp. HCa1 and Their Cytotoxic Activity.
Authors: Guo Zhi Kai , Liu Shou Bai , Jiao Rui Hua , Wang Ting , Tan Ren Xiang , Ge Hui Ming 
Published: March 2013

Abstractisolation, structural determination and cytotoxic activity of two new compounds, amycomycin A (I), and amycomycin B (II) along with five known compounds
ChemInform Abstract: Isolation of Ellagitannin Monomer and Macrocyclic Dimer from Castanopsis carlesii Leaves.
Authors: Huang Yong‐Lin , Tanaka Takashi , Matsuo Yosuke , Kouno Isao , Li Dian‐Peng , Nonaka Gen‐ichiro 
Published: March 2013

AbstractMonomeric ellagitannin named carlesiin A (I) and its macrocyclic dimer are isolated from leaves of Castanopsis carlesii.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Synthesis of Natural 6‐Prenylpolyhydroxyisoflavone (Lupisoflavone) and Lupisoflavone Hydrate with Hypervalent Iodine Reagents.
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Mamun 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe total synthesis of Lupisoflavone (V) is achieved using the HTIB‐mediated oxidative rearrangement of 6′‐benzoyloxychalcone (II) as the key step.
ChemInform Abstract: Glycerol Carbonate as a Versatile Building Block for Tomorrow: Synthesis, Reactivity, Properties and Applications
Authors: Sonnati Matthieu O. , Amigoni Sonia , Taffin de Givenchy Elisabeth P. , Darmanin Thierry , Choulet Olivier , Guittard Frederic 
Published: March 2013

AbstractReview: 275 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleotide, c‐di‐GMP, c‐di‐AMP, cGMP, cAMP, (p)ppGpp Signaling in Bacteria and Implications in Pathogenesis
Authors: Kalia Dimpy , Merey Goekce , Nakayama Shizuka , Zheng Yue , Zhou Jie , Luo Yiling , Guo Min , Roembke Benjamin T. , Sintim Herman O. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractReview: 318 refs.
Elevated Rho‐Kinase Activity as a Marker Indicating Atherosclerosis and Inflammation Burden in Polyvascular Disease Patients With Concomitant Coronary and Peripheral Arterial Disease
Authors: Dong Ming , Jiang Xin , Liao James K. , Yan Bryan P. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundRecent evidence suggests that Rho‐kinase (ROCK) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and a marker of atherosclerotic burden. Polyvascular disease with concomitant peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and coronary artery disease (CAD) is common and associated with a worse prognosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate ROCK activity as a marker of polyvascular disease.HypothesisMethodsWe retrospectively analyzed patients undergoing coronary angiography at our institution between February 2009 and May 2009. Patients with only CAD (n = 40) defined by coronary artery stenosis of ≥50% by angiography, only PAD (n = 40) defined by an ankle brachial index (ABI) <0.9, and combined CAD/PAD (n = 40) were matched by age and sex to control patients (n = 40) without CAD or PAD. ROCK activity was determined by phosphorylation of the myosin binding subunit in leukocytes and then compared between each group. Multivariate analysis was used to determine independent predictors of polyvascular disease. Discriminative ability of elevated ROCK activity was assessed using receiver operator characteristics (ROC) curves.ResultsPatients (age 68 ± 12 years, 79% male) with CAD, PAD, and CAD/PAD had a mean ABI of 1.08, 0.62, and 0.65, respectively, compared to 1.08 in the control group. There was an incremental increase in ROCK activity in patients with CAD (4.61 ± 2.11), PAD (4.27 ± 1.39), and CAD/PAD (5.96 ± 1.94) compared to control (2.40 ± 0.43) (all P < 0.05). ROCK activity (odds ratio: 4.53, 95% confidence interval: 1.26‐6.30) was an independent predictor of polyvascular disease. The ROCK cutoff value of 4.85 had a sensitivity of 72.7% and a specificity of 65.7%, with an area under ROC curve of 0.71 for polyvascular disease.ConclusionsPatients with concomitant peripheral and coronary arterial disease are associated with increased Rho‐kinase activity. Rho‐kinase activity may be a potential marker of atherosclerotic burden for patients with polyvascular disease.