bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unusual presentation of Epstein–Barr virus hepatitis treated successfully with valganciclovir
Authors: Cauldwell Katrine , Williams Roger 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDescribed is the case of a 21‐year‐old male patient who presented with a severe Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) hepatitis. The initial diagnosis was challenging, as the patient did not have the typical features of the mononucleosis syndrome and despite the severity of the hepatitis, the initial serology was negative. In addition the liver biopsy did not show the mononuclear cell infiltration typically seen in EBV hepatitis. Later, measurements of EBV DNA showed high titers and the patient received a course of oral valganciclovir, following which he made a rapid clinical and serological response. This case describes an unusual presentation of EBV hepatitis, and adds to the body of evidence supporting its treatment with valganciclovir. J. Med. Virol. 86:484–486, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical implications of the titer of serum hepatitis B surface antigen during the natural history of hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Suh Sang Jun , Bae Song‐I , Kim Ji Hoon , Kang Keunhee , Yeon Jong Eun , Byun Kwan Soo 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAlthough there are some differences in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) titers in infection with different hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes, the HBsAg titers for each HBV genotype have not been evaluated extensively. The aim of this study was to investigate HBsAg titers during the natural history of patients infected with HBV in Korea, where the HBV genotype C is endemic exclusively. Four hundred fifteen patients were enrolled retrospectively and classified according to definitions of the natural phases of HBV infection. In total, 73, 118, 147, and 77 patients were classified in the immune tolerance, immune clearance, low replicative, and HBeAg‐negative hepatitis phases, respectively. HBsAg titers (4.35 ± 0.67, 3.74 ± 0.68, 2.39 ± 1.23, and 3.29 ± 0.64 log10 IU/ml) were significantly different in the immune tolerance, immune clearance, low replicative, and HBeAg‐negative hepatitis phases, respectively (P < 0.001). The ratio of HBsAg to HBV DNA was highest in the low replicative phase (1.13 ± 0.71, all P < 0.001) and second highest in the HBeAg‐negative hepatitis phase (0.58 ± 0.18, all P < 0.05). In multivariate analysis of all patients, the HBsAg titers did not correlate with alanine aminotransferase. However, the HBsAg titers correlated with age (P = 0.038), platelet count (P < 0.001) and HBV DNA (P < 0.001). In subgroup analysis, the HBsAg titers correlated with HBV DNA in all phases (P < 0.001), except for the HBeAg‐negative hepatitis phase. HBsAg titers were significantly different across the four phases of the natural history of the infection and correlated significantly with HBV DNA titer in genotype C chronic hepatitis B patients. The HBsAg titer could be used as a biomarker to differentiate the natural history of HBV infection. J. Med. Virol. 86:117–123, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Norovirus infection in immunocompromised children and children with hospital‐acquired acute gastroenteritis
Authors: Munir Naeemah , Liu Pengbo , Gastañaduy Paul , Montes Julia , Shane Andi , Moe Christine 
Published: October 2013

AbstractNorovirus (NoV) is a leading cause of acute viral gastroenteritis among children, yet its burden of disease among immunocompromised hosts and its role in hospital acquired infections (HAI) is not well characterized. To determine the prevalence, genotypes, and NoV loads among immunocompromised children and children with HAI, residual stool samples, and clinical data were collected at two major pediatric hospitals in metropolitan Atlanta from 92 children that were immunocompromised and/or had a hospital acquired acute gastroenteritis. NoV was identified in 16.3% (15/92) of all stool specimens; 23.4% (11/47) in immunocompromised only children, and 13.3% (4/30) in children with HAI. All NoV positive cases were genogroup II (GII), and GII.4 was the predominant strain followed by GII.3, GII.12, and GII.13. The average NoV load for immunocompromised patients was 6.3 ± 1.4 log genome equivalent copies (GEC) per gram of stool compared to 5.8 ± 1.1 log GEC among patients with HAI. NoV infections are common among immunocompromised children and children with hospital‐acquired gastroenteritis, underscoring the urgent need for rapid NoV detection system, and highlighting the importance of strict hospital hygiene practices. J. Med. Virol. 86:1203–1209, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dried blood spots for HIV‐1 drug resistance genotyping in decentralized settings in Senegal
Authors: Diouara Abou Abdallah Malick , Diop‐Ndiaye Halimatou , Kebe‐Fall Khady , Tchiakpè Edmond , Ndiaye Ousseynou , Ayouba Ahidjo , Peeters Martine , Mboup Souleymane , Kane Coumba Toure 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the use for HIV‐1 drug resistance testing dried blood spots collected in remote areas and sent under field conditions to a reference laboratory and also to document virological failure in patients with suspected treatment failure. Samples were collected from patients receiving first line ART at 11 hospital sites around country, kept at room temperature (<37°C) and sent within 15 days maximum to the reference laboratory. Viral nucleic acids were obtained by magnetic extraction with NucliSENS (bioMérieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France). Genotyping of HIV‐1 pol gene was performed using the ANRS protocol. Drug resistance mutations were analyzed according to the Stanford University HIV database version 6.0.8. Two hundred thirty one HIV‐infected adults' on HAART first line regimen composed study population. The median time on ART was 18 months (range 6–68). Regardless of the treatment duration, the overall rate of virological failure (VL ≥ 3 log10 cp/ml) was 23.8% (n = 55/231). HIV genotypes were obtained successfully in 94.5% (n = 52/55). Drug resistance mutation was found in 41/52 patients in virological failure, for 17.7% (n = 41/231) an overall rate of drug resistance mutations. M184V/I was the most frequent mutation occurring, followed by K103N. Phylogenetic analysis of the 52 genotyped viral isolates showed the predominance of CRF02_AG with 62% (n = 32/52). Use of a DBS specimen is suitable to assist national programs for monitoring in remote areas HIV drug resistance in resources limited‐settings. J. Med. Virol. 86:45–51, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Correlation between hepatitis B virus surface antigen level and alpha‐fetoprotein in patients free of hepatocellular carcinoma or severe hepatitis
Authors: Akuta Norio , Suzuki Fumitaka , Kobayashi Mariko , Hara Tasuku , Sezaki Hitomi , Suzuki Yoshiyuki , Hosaka Tetsuya , Kobayashi Masahiro , Saitoh Satoshi , Ikeda Kenji , Kumada Hiromitsu 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAlfa‐fetoprotein (AFP) is used as a marker of early hepatocarcinogenesis. However, the impact of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) on this relationship in patients with HBV infection is not clear. The present study evaluated the relation between HBsAg and AFP levels at the initial visit in 1,610 untreated HBV patients, free of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or severe hepatitis. The cumulative rate of HCC was significantly lower in patients with a low AFP level (≤10 µg/L; below the upper limit of normal) than in those with a high AFP level (≥11 µg/L) at the initial visit. In patients with HBsAg levels more than 500 IU/ml, HBsAg levels correlated significantly and negatively with AFP levels, and significantly with platelet count. Multivariate analysis of data of patients with HBsAg more than 500 IU/ml identified HBsAg (<7,000 IU/ml), albumin (<3.9 g/dl), platelet count (<20.0 × 104/mm3), gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase (≥50 IU/L), aspartate aminotransferase (≥34 IU/L), HBeAg (positive), and HBV core‐related antigen (≥3.0 log U/ml) as determinants of a high AFP. Especially, in patients with HBsAg more than 500 IU/ml and low transaminase levels (below the upper limit of normal), HBsAg was identified as significant determinant of a high AFP. On the other hand, in patients with HBsAg less than 500 IU/ml, multivariate analysis identified albumin, gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase, and HBV core‐related antigen as determinants of a high AFP. The results indicated that HBsAg level seems to affect, at least in part, the AFP levels, and that it can be used as a surrogate marker of early hepatocarcinogenesis. J. Med. Virol. 86:131–138, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Distribution of JC virus genotypes among serbian patients infected with HIV and in healthy donors
Authors: Karalic Danijela , Lazarevic Ivana , Knezevic Aleksandra , Cupic Maja , Jevtovic Djordje , Jovanovic Tanja 
Published: October 2013

AbstractCertain factors lead to increased reactivation of JC virus (JCV) and immunodeficiency seems to be the most important. JCV isolates can be classified into eight different genotypes and several subtypes based on nucleotide difference in the VP1 gene. JCV genotypes are strongly associated with particular ethnic groups and frequently used as genetic markers for human evolution and migration. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of JCV urinary shedding and genotype distribution in Serbia among patients infected with HIV and healthy donors. Urine samples from 107 healthy donors and 93 patients infected with HIV were collected. PCR followed by sequence analysis was carried out using primers specific for VP1 and NCRR of the virus genome. Excretion rate of JCV‐DNA in urine was higher in patients infected with HIV than in healthy donors (44.1% vs. 31.7%) although statistical significance was not found. Within the group infected with HIV, the degree of immunosuppression (measured by CD4+ cell count) did not influence JCV excretion rate. Sequence analysis of JCV NCRR from both patients infected with HIV and healthy donors showed a pattern identical to archetype structure. In healthy Serbian donors the predominant genotype was 1 (41.2%), followed by 4 (32.4%) and 2 (26.4%). On the other hand, genotype distribution pattern was different in patients infected with HIV: 2 (43.9%), 1 (31.7%), and 4 (24.4%). This study showed that European, Eurasian, and Indian types are circulating in Serbia and that distribution corresponds to the origin of the inhabitants of Serbia. J. Med. Virol. 86:411–418, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
HIV, HBV, and HCV molecular epidemiology among trans (transvestites, transsexuals, and transgender) sex workers in Argentina
Authors: Carobene Mauricio , Bolcic Federico , Farías María Sol Dos Ramos , Quarleri Jorge , Ávila María Mercedes 
Published: October 2013

AbstractCommercial sex work is frequent among male‐to‐female transvestites, transsexuals and transgenders in Argentina, leading to high susceptibility to HIV, HBV, and HCV among other sexually transmitted infections. In a global context of scarce data on the trans sex workers population, this study was aimed to study the genomic characterization of these viruses. Plasma presence of HIV, HBV, and HCV genomic material was evaluated in samples from 273 trans sex workers. Genomic sequences of HIV‐gag, pol, and vif‐vpu genes, HBV‐S gene, and HCV‐5′UT and NS5B genes were obtained. Molecular characterization involved phylogenetic analysis and several in silico tools. Resistance‐associated mutations in HIV and HBV pol genes were also analyzed. The HIV genomic characterization in 62 trans sex workers samples showed that 54.8% of the isolates corresponded to BF intersubtype recombinants, and 38.7% to subtype B. The remaining were classified as subtypes C (4.8%) and A (1.6%). HBV and HCV co‐infection prevalence among HIV positive trans sex workers yielded rates of 3.2% and 6.5% respectively. Drug resistance‐associated mutations were found in 12/62 (19%) HIV pol sequences, but none among HBV. Based on phylogenetic relationships, HIV isolates characterized as subtypes BF and B appeared intermingled with those from other high‐risk groups. Despite trans sex workers declared not to have received antiviral treatment, complex drug resistance‐associated mutation patterns were found in several HIV isolates. Planned prevention, screening, and treatment are needed to reduce further transmission and morbidity. J. Med. Virol. 86:64–70, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nonlinear modeling of LDMOS transistors for high‐power FM transmitters
Authors: Bosi Gianni , Crupi Giovanni , Vadalà Valeria , Raffo Antonio , Giovannelli Antonello , Vannini Giorgio 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYIn this paper, a nonlinear model of a commercial 10‐W laterally diffused metal oxide semiconductor (LDMOS) transistor for FM transmitters is identified. It is based on high‐frequency small‐signal measurements for the identification of both the parasitic network and the strictly nonlinear dynamic effects, whereas low‐frequency large‐signal measurements are exploited for the description of the dynamic I/V characteristics of the device above the cut‐off of low‐frequency dispersion. A validation of the proposed model is provided by using time‐domain nonlinear measurements carried out at 40 MHz and 100 MHz. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Developing a passion for work passion: Future directions on an emerging construct
Authors: Perrewé Pamela L. , Hochwarter Wayne A. , Ferris Gerald R. , McAllister Charn P. , Harris John N. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryAlthough the passion that people demonstrate at work would appear to be a topic of considerable interest and importance to organizational scholars and practitioners, we know virtually nothing about it. In response, we introduce the work passion construct, discuss what we currently understand, and provide needed directions for future research. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Release of feruloylated oligosaccharides from wheat bran through submerged fermentation by edible mushrooms
Authors: Xie Chunyan , Wu Zhiyan , Guo Hongzhen , Gu Zhenxin 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWheat bran, a by‐product of the flour industry, is believed to be a raw material for the production of feruloylated oligosaccharides (FOs) because of its high content of conjiont ferulic acid (FA). Studies were carried out to identify edible mushrooms that are able to release FOs from wheat bran. All the six tested mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus, Hericium erinaceum, Auricularia auricula, Cordyceps militaris, Agrocybe chaxingu, and Ganoderma lucium) were found to release FOs, and Agrocybe chaxingu had the highest yield, reaching 35.4 µM in wheat bran broth. Enzymes detection showed that these species secreted extracellular enzymes during fermentation, including cellulase and xylanase. Agrocybe chaxingu secreted the significant amount of xylanase (180 mU ml−1), which was responsible for the release of FOs from wheat bran, while Hericium erinaceum secreted FA esterase which could disassemble FOs.
Oral vaccination with inhibin DNA delivered using attenuated Salmonella choleraesuis for improving reproductive traits in mice
Authors: Han Li , Zhen Yan‐Hong , Liang Ai‐Xin , Zhang Jian , Riaz Hasan , Xiong Jia‐Jun , Guo Ai‐Zhen , Yang Li‐Guo 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe objective of this study was to examine the efficacy and safety of a novel inhibin vaccine containing inhibin α (1–32) fragments in mice. A recombinant plasmid pVAX‐asd‐IS was constructed by inserting recombinant inhibin α (1–32) and the hepatitis B surface antigen S into the plasmid in which the asd gene, rather than the kanamycin gene, was a selection marker. Ninety Kuming mice were divided into six groups consisting of 15 mice each. First group was (C1) injected with 200 µl of PBS, second (C2) received 1 × 1010 CFU of crp−/asd− C500/pVAX‐asd and served as vector control, third did not receive any treatment (C3), while fourth, fifth, and sixth group received 1 × 1010, 1 × 109, 1 × 108 CFU of the recombinant inhibin vaccine crp−/asd− C500/pVAX‐asd‐IS (group T1, T2, T3), respectively. Western blotting demonstrated that recombinant expressed inhibin protein possessed immune function and that this plasmid could replicate for up to 40 generations stably. Vaccination with this strain at a dose of 1 × 1010 CFU/200 µl per mouse induced high anti‐inhibin antibody levels, significantly increased large‐follicle production in T1 group (p < 0.05) and average litter size (p > 0.05) compared with control groups. Integration studies showed no evidence of inhibin fusion gene integrated into mice's genome 2‐month after immunization. These results suggest that the vaccine described in the present study may provide a safe method to improve reproductive traits in animals. A trend towards increased litter size and significant increase in large follicle population depict that this vaccine may have direct application in large animal industry.
Local and remote impacts of direct aerosol forcing on Asian monsoon
Authors: Chakraborty Arindam , Nanjundiah Ravi S. , Srinivasan J. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe impact of heating by black carbon aerosols on Indian summer monsoon has remained inconclusive. Some investigators have predicted that black carbon aerosols reduce monsoon rainfall while others have argued that it will increase monsoon rainfall. These conclusions have been based on local influence of aerosols on the radiative fluxes. The impact of aerosol‐like heating in one region on the rainfall in a remote region has not been examined in detail. Here, using an atmospheric general circulation model, it has been shown that remote influence of aerosol‐like heating can be as important as local influence on Indian summer monsoon. Precipitation in northern Arabian Sea and north‐west Indian region increased by 16% in June to July when aerosol‐like heating were present globally. The corresponding increase in precipitation due to presence of aerosol‐like heating only over South Asia (local impact) and East Asia (remote impact) were 28 and 13%, respectively. This enhancement in precipitation was due to destabilization of the atmosphere in pre‐monsoon season that affected subsequent convection. Moreover, pre‐monsoon heating of the lower troposphere changed the circulation substantially that enabled influx of more moisture over certain regions and reduced the moist static stability of the atmosphere. It has been shown that regional aerosol heating can have large impact on the phase of upper tropospheric Rossby wave in pre‐monsoon season, which acts as a primary mechanism behind teleconnection and leads to the change in precipitation during monsoon season. These results demonstrate that changes in aerosol in one region can influence the precipitation in a remote region through changes in circulation.
The strengthening relationship between Arctic Oscillation and ENSO after the mid‐1990s
Authors: Li Fei , Wang Huijun , Liu Jiping 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThe Arctic Oscillation (AO) and ENSO have dominant influences on the extratropical and tropical climate variabilities in the Northern Hemisphere, respectively. In this paper, we document a strengthening of the AO–ENSO relationship in January after the mid‐1990s, when the interannual variability of the previous September Arctic sea ice cover (ASIC) had consistently increased, by analyzing the AO, ENSO, and associated atmosphere–ocean variability. Our analysis further suggests that the larger ASIC interannual variability may account for the larger scale wave train across the Pacific basin, and the AO is strongly coupled to the circulation in the North Pacific. The strengthened connection between the −AO and Aleutian Low (AL) may contribute to the identified closer relationship between the −AO and ENSO.
Predicting wear and blood metal ion levels in metal‐on‐metal hip resurfacing
Authors: Matthies Ashley K. , Henckel Johann , Cro Suzie , Suarez Alexander , Noble Philip C. , Skinner John , Hart Alister J. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTSuboptimal component position and design are thought to lead to edge wear and raised blood metal ion levels in metal‐on‐metal hip resurfacing (MOM‐HR). These factors are thought to influence the “contact patch to rim distance” (CPRD), and calculation of this distance may improve prediction of wear and blood metal ion levels. We measured blood cobalt and chromium ion levels and the wear rates of the bearing surfaces in 165 MOM‐HR retrieval cases. We then determined the contribution and effect sizes of cup inclination and version angles, component size and design, and CPRD (calculated from case‐specific data) on blood metal ion levels and component wear rates. Acetabular orientation explained between 16.3% and 28.5% of the variation in wear rates and metal ion levels, whereas component size and design explained between 7.3% and 21.8% of the variability. In comparison, CPRD explained up to 67.7% of the variability, significantly greater than any other variable (all p < 0.0001). CPRD is a good predictor of wear and improves our understanding of wear performance and the mechanisms leading to edge loading. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:167–174, 2014.
Increasing platelet concentration in platelet‐rich plasma inhibits anterior cruciate ligament cell function in three‐dimensional culture
Authors: Yoshida Ryu , Cheng Mingyu , Murray Martha M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractTissue engineering is one new strategy being developed to treat ACL ruptures. One such approach is bio‐enhanced ACL repair, where a suture repair is supplemented with a bio‐active scaffold containing platelets. However, the optimal concentration of platelets to stimulate ACL healing is not known. We hypothesized that increasing platelet concentrations in the scaffold would enhance critical cell behaviors. Porcine ACL fibroblasts were obtained from explant culture and suspended in platelet poor plasma (PPP), 1× platelet‐rich plasma (PRP), 3× PRP, 5× PRP, or phosphate buffered saline (PBS). The cell suspensions were cultured in a 3D collagen scaffold. Cellular metabolism (MTT assay), apoptosis (TUNEL assay), and gene expression for type I and type III collagen were measured. 1× PRP significantly outperformed 5× PRP in all parameters studied: Type I and III collagen gene expression, apoptosis prevention, and cell metabolism stimulation. ACL fibroblasts cultured with 1× PRP had the highest type I and type III collagen gene expression. 1× PRP and PPP groups had the highest cell metabolism and lowest apoptosis rates. Concentration of platelets had significant effects on the behavior of ACL fibroblasts; thus, it is an important parameter that should be specified in clinical or basic science studies. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:291–295, 2014.