bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La representación de la infancia en América Latina y el Comité de los Derechos del Niño (1990-2013)
Authors: Naya Garmendia Luis M. , Davila Balsera Pauli 
Published: September 2015

La construcción social de la infancia está sometida a discursos científicos, populares, académicos, etc. que han configurado una amalgama de imágenes y representaciones alrededor de los niños, las niñas y los adolescentes. Entre estos discursos, queremos destacar el elaborado por el Comité de los Derechos del Niño, órgano de seguimiento de la Convención sobre los Derechos del Niño (CDN), de 1989, que, desde la década de los 90, no ha cesado de emitir observaciones y recomendaciones en las que queda patente un discurso hegemónico, compartido con el Fondo de las Naciones Unidas para la Infancia (Unicef), sobre la infancia. El análisis que hemos abordado parte de una fuente muy rica en matices como son los informes que dicho Comité emite a la hora de evaluar públicamente la situación de la infancia en los países del mundo. En concreto, nos centramos en un corpus documental importante con referencia a América Latina, pues analizamos todos los informes comprendidos entre 1990 y 2013 y que recogen información suficiente sobre la situación de la infancia. Entre esas fechas, todos los países de la región enviaron sucesivos informes sobre la implementación de los derechos de las niñas, los niños y los adolescentes al mencionado Comité. El resultado de la investigación nos ofrece un perfil de la infancia en América Latina caracterizado por unos trazos relativos a la defensa de una infancia libre de violencia, digna y adecuada y una infancia sin discriminación en los 25 años de vigencia de la Convención. Palabras clave: Convención sobre los Derechos del Niño; América Latina; Representación de la Infancia; Comité de los Derechos del Niño.
A cor do abandono: as crianças em situação de rua no Recife na Ditadura Civil-Militar (1964-1985)
Authors: Miranda Humberto Silva 
Published: September 2015

A historiografia registra que o cenário urbano do Recife, durante a ditadura civil-militar (1964-1985), foi marcado por crescimento econômico e aumento das desigualdades sociais. A cidade que crescia, convivia com a presença de meninos e meninas, em situação de abandono, que ocupavam as ruas e avenidas e faziam do espaço público local de trabalho e morada. A questão do abandono passou a ser propagada na imprensa local e nacional. Para o Diário de Pernambuco, o abandono tinha uma cor: sépia, que descoloria o cenário da cidade. Neste artigo, pretendo analisar como o discurso do abandono e as políticas públicas de assistência foram construídas nesse período sócio-histórico. A partir desse objetivo, proponho construir uma conexão com a atuação da Febem em Pernambuco, instituição fundada no primeiro ano da Ditadura Civil-Militar. Palavras-chave: Menores Ambandonados - Recife; Fundação Estadual do Bem-Estar do Menor (PE); Menores de Rua.
Políticas de construcción del peronismo. El discurso de las FAR en los albores de la década del setenta en Argentina
Authors: González Canosa Mora 
Published: September 2015

Fundadas por grupos que rompieron con el PC y el MIR-Praxis en los sesenta, las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias fueron expresión de un cauce de radicalización política distinto al que dio lugar al resto de las organizaciones armadas peronistas: las profundas reconfiguraciones operadas en la cultura política de la izquierda argentina.Este artículo analiza una de las huellas de origen de ese cauce de radicalización que le imprimió a las FAR su perfil distintivo. Nos referimos a sus concepciones sobre el peronismo, básicamente a los lentes marxistas desde los cuales la organización construyó su visión del movimiento y la posibilidad de conjugarlo con el socialismo. Desde esas claves analíticas, y apelando tanto a entrevistas orales como a los documentos que la organización elaboró en 1971, el artículo examina los principales núcleos de la estrategia discursiva que le permitió a las FAR legitimar su identificación con el peronismo desde una perspectiva marxista y un proyecto político cuyo objetivo final era el socialismo. Palabras clave: Identidades políticas; Peronismo; Marxismo; “Nueva izquierda”.
Influence of sea level rise on the dynamics of salt inflows in the Baltic Sea
Authors: Hordoir Robinson , Axell Lars , Löptien Ulrike , Dietze Heiner , Kuznetsov Ivan 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe Baltic Sea is a marginal sea, located in a highly industrialized region in Central Northern Europe. Saltwater inflows from the North Sea and associated ventilation of the deep exert crucial control on the entire Baltic Sea ecosystem. This study explores the impact of anticipated sea level changes on the dynamics of those inflows. We use a numerical oceanic general circulation model covering both the Baltic and the North Sea. The model successfully retraces the essential ventilation dynamics throughout the period 1961–2007. A suite of idealized experiments suggests that rising sea level is associated with intensified ventilation as saltwater inflows become stronger, longer, and more frequent. Expressed quantitatively as a salinity increase in the deep central Baltic Sea, we find that a sea level rise of 1 m triggers a saltening of more than 1 PSU. This substantial increase in ventilation is the consequence of the increasing cross section in the Danish Straits amplified by a reduction of vertical mixing.
An EarthCARE/ATLID simulator to evaluate cloud description in climate models
Authors: Reverdy M. , Chepfer H. , Donovan D. , Noel V. , Cesana G. , Hoareau C. , Chiriaco M. , Bastin S. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractClouds still remain the largest source of uncertainty in model‐based predictions of future climate; thus, the description of the clouds in climate models needs to be evaluated. In particular, the cloud detailed vertical distribution that impacts directly the cloud radiative effect needs to be evaluated. Active satellite sensors directly measure the cloud vertical distribution with high accuracy; their observations should be used for model evaluation together with a satellite simulator in order to allow fair comparison between models and observations. The next cloud lidar in space, EarthCARE/ATmospheric LIDar (ATLID), is planned for launch in 2018, while the current spaceborne cloud lidar CALIPSO/CALIOP is expected to stop collecting data within the next coming years. Here we describe the characteristics of the ATLID on board the EarthCARE satellite (spatial resolution, signal‐to‐noise ratio, wavelength, field of view, pulse repetition frequency, orbit, and high‐spectral resolution lidar) that need to be taken into account to build a Cloud Feedback Model Intercomparison Project Observation Simulator Package (COSP)/ATLID simulator. We then present the COSP/ATLID simulator, and the low‐, middle‐, high‐level cloud covers it produces, as well as the zonal mean cloud fraction profiles and the height‐intensity histograms that are simulated by COSP/ATLID when overflying an atmosphere predicted by LMDZ5 global circulation model. Finally, we compare the clouds simulated by COSP/ATLID with those simulated by COSP/CALIPSO when overflying the same atmosphere. As the main differences between ATLID and CALIOP are taken into account in the simulators, the differences between COSP/ATLID and COSP/CALIPSO cloud covers are less than 1% in nighttime conditions
Steady state analytical solutions for pumping in a fully bounded rectangular aquifer
Authors: Lu Chunhui , Xin Pei , Li Ling , Luo Jian 
Published: September 2015

AbstractUsing the Schwartz‐Christoffel conformal mapping method together with the complex variable techniques, we derive steady state analytical solutions for pumping in a rectangular aquifer with four different combinations of impermeable and constant‐head boundaries. These four scenarios include: (1) one constant‐head boundary and three impermeable boundaries, (2) two pairs of orthogonal impermeable and constant‐head boundaries, (3) three constant‐head boundaries and one impermeable boundary, and (4) four constant‐head boundaries. For these scenarios, the impermeable and constant‐head boundaries can be combined after applying the mapping functions, and hence only three image wells exist in the transformed plane, despite an infinite number of image wells in the real plane. The closed‐form solutions reflect the advantage of the conformal mapping method, though the method is applicable for the aspect ratio of the rectangle between 1/10.9 and 10.9/1 due to the limitation in the numerical computation of the conformal transformation from a half plane onto an elongated region (i.e., so‐called “crowding” phenomenon). By contrast, for an additional scenario with two parallel constant‐head boundaries and two parallel impermeable boundaries, an infinite series of image wells is necessary to express the solution, since it is impossible to combine these two kinds of boundaries through the conformal transformation. The usefulness of the results derived is demonstrated by an application to pumping in a finite coastal aquifer.
Capacity Planning in Health Care
Authors: Patrick Jonathan , Noghani Pedram 
Published: September 2015

AbstractCapacity planning in health care is greatly complicated by the nature of the service. The individuality of each patient leads to multiplicity of potential resource requirements often consumed in sequence and with varying degrees of urgency. Patients are also able to refuse treatment, lobby for a different type of treatment, or simply fail to show up for treatment. Finally, the dire consequences sometimes resulting from untimely access lead to much lower tolerances with regards to meeting performance targets. All these complexities make for significant challenges when seeking to plan capacity in the health care setting.
Fibroblast levels are increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and are associated with worse subjective disease severity
Authors: Carroll William W. , O'Connell Brendan P. , Schlosser Rodney J. , Gudis David A. , Karnezis Tom T. , Lawrence Lauren A. , Soler Zachary M. , Mulligan Jennifer K. 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundFibroblasts are implicated in tissue remodeling and recruitment of inflammatory cells in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Populations of fibroblasts remain unquantified in CRS subtypes. The objectives of this study were to measure fibroblast populations in subtypes of CRS, and to investigate the association between fibroblasts and disease severity.MethodsPatients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for CRS were prospectively enrolled from January 2011 to December 2014. Control subjects included patients undergoing endoscopic surgery for non‐inflammatory conditions such as cerebrospinal fluid leak repair or non–hormone‐secreting pituitary tumors. Patients completed 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) questionnaires prior to surgery. Blood and tissue biopsies were taken during surgery. Percent of sinonasal fibroblasts was determined via flow cytometry by selecting fibroblast‐specific protein (FSP)‐positive and Mucin 1 (MUC1)‐negative cells.ResultsA total of 69 patients were enrolled: control (n = 24), CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) (n = 13), CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) (n = 22), and allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) (n = 10). Patients with CRSwNP had significantly more fibroblasts than both control (p < 0.001) and CRSsNP (p < 0.01). Patients with AFRS had the most fibroblasts when compared to control (p < 0.0001), CRSsNP (p < 0.0001), and CRSwNP (p < 0.05). Atopy and asthma were not associated with increased fibroblasts in CRSwNP (p = 0.21, p = 0.26, respectively). Increased fibroblasts correlated with subjective disease severity as measured by SNOT‐22 for CRSwNP (p = 0.003) and AFRS (p = 0.048).ConclusionSinonasal fibroblasts are increased in CRSwNP and AFRS compared to control and CRSsNP. Increased fibroblasts correlated with worse quality of life in CRSwNP and AFRS.
Sinonasal fibrosarcoma: analysis of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database
Authors: Patel Tapan D. , Carniol Eric T. , Vázquez Alejandro , Baredes Soly , Liu James K. , Eloy Jean Anderson 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundPrimary fibrosarcoma of the sinonasal region is an infrequently occurring malignant neoplasm. Fibrosarcomas are most commonly found in the extremities, with only 1% of fibrosarcomas reported in the head and neck region. This study analyzes the demographic, clinicopathologic, and survival characteristics of sinonasal fibrosarcoma (SNFS).MethodsThe Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (1973 to 2012) was queried for SNFS cases. Data were analyzed with respect to various demographic and clinicopathologic factors. Survival was analyzed using the Kaplan‐Meier model.ResultsFifty‐one cases of fibrosarcoma were identified in the sinonasal region. The mean age at diagnosis was 54.5 years and the mean survival was 119.7 months. There was no gender predilection with a male‐to‐female ratio of 1.04:1. The maxillary sinus was the most common site of involvement (54.9%), followed by the nasal cavity (23.5%). Five‐year survival analysis revealed an overall survival rate of 71.7%, disease‐specific survival rate of 77.8%, and relative survival (RS) rate of 78.8%. Disease‐specific survival was better among those treated with surgery (with [76.2%] or without [87.5%] adjuvant radiotherapy) than those treated with primary radiotherapy alone (33.3%) (p = 0.0069).ConclusionSNFS is a rare entity. This study represents the largest series of SNFS to date. The mainstay of treatment for this tumor is surgical resection with or without radiotherapy.
Modification of SPPESK proton exchange membranes through layer‐by‐layer self‐assembly
Authors: Sun Yuanyuan , Wu Xuemei , Zhen Dongxing , Zhang Shikai , Hu Mengmeng , He Gaohong 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTSulfonated poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone) (SPPESK) composite membranes are fabricated through electrostatic layer‐by‐layer (LbL) self‐assembly method with chitosan (CS) and phosphotungstic acid (PWA) to enhance the proton conductivity and stability. The results demonstrate that LbL self‐assembly has different effects on the SPPESK membrane substrates with different sulfonation degrees (DSs). It elevates proton conductivity of the SPPESK membrane of lower DS and enhances swelling stability of the SPPESK membrane of higher DS. For instance, at 80°C, proton conductivity of the SPPESK0.74/(CS/PWA)1membrane (lower DS) increases by 16%–96.49 mS cm−1, and swelling ratio of the SPPESK1.01/(CS/PWA)3membrane (higher DS) decreases from 58 to 29%. Attribute to the electrostatic interaction and ion cross‐linking networks, permeability of the SPPESK0.74/(CS/PWA)3membrane and the SPPESK1.01/(CS/PWA)5membrane are reduced by 45 and 30%, respectively. The results indicate that the LbL self‐assembly has broadened the available DS range for fuel cell applications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2016,132, 42867.
Phosphinic Amide as Directing Group Enabling Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed ortho C−H Alkenylation of Anilines without and with Alkylation at the Nitrogen Atom
Authors: Jiao Lin‐Yu , Ferreira André V. , Oestreich Martin 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA phosphinic amide is introduced as a directing group for the ortho C−H alkenylation of anilines. The new donor group distinguishes itself from existing ones by assisting the C−H bond activation of anilides without (NH group) and with alkylation (NMe group) at the amide nitrogen atom. The reactivity is even reversed with the methyl‐substituted anilide being more reactive than its unsubstituted counterpart. Electron‐donating substituents at the arene ring enhance their reactivity while halogenation is not tolerated. The phosphinic amide also enables the C‐7‐selective C−H alkenylation of indoline.
Enhancing isobutyric acid production from engineered Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans cells via media optimization
Authors: Li Xiaozheng , West Alan C. , Banta Scott 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThe chemolithoautotrophic bacterium Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans has previously been genetically modified to produce isobutyric acid (IBA) from carbon dioxide while obtaining energy from the oxidation of ferrous iron. Here, a combinatorial approach was used to explore the influence of medium composition in both batch and chemostat cultures in order to improve IBA yields (g IBA/mol Fe2+) and productivities (g IBA/L/d). Medium pH, ferrous concentration (Fe2+), and inclusion of iron chelators all had positive impact on the IBA yield. In batch experiments, gluconate was found to be a superior iron chelator because its use resulted in smaller excursions in pH. In batch cultures, IBA yields decreased linearly with increases in the final effective Fe3+ concentrations. Chemostat cultures followed similar trends as observed in batch cultures. Specific cellular productivities were found to be a function of the steady state ORP (Oxidation‐reduction potential) of the growth medium, which is primarily determined by the Fe3+ to Fe2+ ratio. By operating at low ORP, chemostat cultures were able to achieve volumetric productivities as high as 3.8 ± 0.2 mg IBA/L/d which is a 14‐fold increase over the previously reported value. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 790–796. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nonmelanoma skin cancer risk awareness in azathioprine‐treated myasthenia gravis patients
Authors: McGurgan Iain J. , McGuigan Christopher 
Published: September 2015

AbstractObjectivesIncreased rates of NMSC (nonmelanoma skin cancer) have recently been reported in people with MG (myasthenia gravis) receiving azathioprine treatment. Guidelines on azathioprine for patients with dermatological and gastrointestinal disorders stress the importance of NMSC risk awareness and prevention. The aim of this study is to assess whether MG patients are being informed of this risk.MethodsClinical records of patients with MG attending a university hospital neurology clinic were reviewed. Data on patient demographics, clinical presentation, diagnostic tests, azathioprine treatment, development of NMSC, and counseling regarding NMSC risk were recorded.ResultsSixty‐nine MG cases were identified, median age 58 years (range 20–90). Forty‐two (60.9%) had received azathioprine at some point with a mean cumulative dose of 235.5 g (range 9.1–972.8 g). Skin cancer risk and prevention advice provision was documented in 3 (7.1%) azathioprine‐treated patients. Five patients developed histologically confirmed NMSC of whom all were treated with azathioprine (incidence rate of 24.9 per 1000, 16 times higher than expected). Documented advice on other safety issues such as regular blood test monitoring was found in 33 (78.8%) azathioprine‐treated cases.ConclusionsPreventative measures such as daily sunscreen use have been shown to reduce the incidence of NMSC in the general population. The results of this study demonstrate a very low rate of advice provision about NMSC risk in azathioprine‐treated MG patients and the need for increased awareness among treating neurologists and patients.
A robust OFDM transmission scheme using a constellation index precoding technique over frequency‐selective fading
Authors: Hwang Fuh‐Hsin , Wu Kai‐Chun 
Published: September 2015

SummaryIn this paper, we consider an interesting precoding technique for orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing (OFDM) in order to enhance system performance for either uncoded or coded transmissions over a frequency‐selective fading channel. The signaling mechanism of the proposed scheme is to map an information‐carrying symbol block technically into another short block of symbols, which are taken out of an expanded constellation set, while the diversified symbols are interleaved prior to being modulated each by a specified subcarrier of an OFDM system. It can be found that not only the multipath diversity advantage across the subcarriers but also the coding gains can be achieved by the considered scheme at the receiver. The design of the considered precoding technique can be treated as a finite‐dimensional optimization problem with entries taken by a specific modulus where the approximated error probability is minimized. We provide a set of efficient searching rules to find good spreading codes and demonstrate the performance comparisons among our proposed scheme and the existing precoded OFDM systems such as spreading transform OFDM and linear constellation precoded OFDM to verify the advantage of the proposed scheme. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of Long‐run and Short‐run Dynamics in EC‐VARMA Models via Canonical Correlations
Authors: Athanasopoulos George , Poskitt Donald S. , Vahid Farshid , Yao Wenying 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThis article studies a simple, coherent approach for identifying and estimating error‐correcting vector autoregressive moving average (EC‐VARMA) models. Canonical correlation analysis is implemented for both determining the cointegrating rank, using a strongly consistent method, and identifying the short‐run VARMA dynamics, using the scalar component methodology. Finite‐sample performance is evaluated via Monte Carlo simulations and the approach is applied to modelling and forecasting US interest rates. The results reveal that EC‐VARMA models generate significantly more accurate out‐of‐sample forecasts than vector error correction models (VECMs), especially for short horizons. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Concentration‐dependent effects of alendronate and pamidronate functionalized gold nanoparticles on osteoclast and osteoblast viability
Authors: Conners Christopher M. , Bhethanabotla Venkat R. , Gupta Vinay K. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSevere osteoporotic diseases, such as Paget's disease, Osteogenesis Imperfecta, and Legg Calve Perthes disease, lack treatments that address the pathobiology of the diseases, as well as, long‐term and prospective studies. Bisphosphonates, which are known to dramatically hinder the viability of osteoclast cells, along with gold nanoparticles (GNP) are a potential theranostic for osteoporotic diseases. We evaluated GNP functionalized with two different bisphosphonates, namely, alendronate and pamidronate. RANKL differentiated murine pre‐osteoclasts (Raw 264.7) and murine osteoblasts (7F2) were treated with varying concentrations ranging from 0.1–5 µM of free and GNP bound bisphosphonates. GNPs with an average size of ∼15 nm were functionalized with alendronate and pamidronate through surface modification by self‐assembly. MTT viability assay results show no changes in viability of the osteoclasts when treated with free bisphosphonates in the range of 1–5 µM, but significant decrease on treatment with functionalized GNP at concentrations above the range of 0.1–1 µM depending on the bisphosphonate. Osteoblast cell viability is maintained at all but the highest concentrations used. Qualitative and quantitative characterization by Western Blot for RANKL expression in the osteoblast cell line shows that expression is largely maintained. These results provide a basis for methods that use bisphosphonate functionalized GNP in the treatment of osteoporotic bone diseases. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 21–29, 2017.