bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PUBLIC TALES WAG THE DOG
Authors: Rose Tricia 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis essay examines the case of Kelley Williams-Bolar—an African American single mother from Akron, Ohio—who in 2011 was arrested, charged with a felony, and jailed for sending her two daughters to a predominantly White suburban public school in Copley Township without meeting the township's residency requirements. This essay closely examines the case with particular attention paid to the important but often unacknowledged intersections of race, gender, economic privilege, spatial containment, and racialized criminalization that shaped the case. The Williams-Bolar case became a public site of contesting narratives, some obscuring these intersections, others acknowledging them. Those who supported Copley Township's prosecution of Williams-Bolar relied on a law and order mandate and fiscal responsibility that supported the dominant racial narrative while appearing to be race, gender, and class neutral. But many were critical of Williams-Bolar's arrest and the story used to justify it. Their response was a massive and heated online challenge that inspired existing and newly outraged parents and educational activists from a wide range of backgrounds, triggering petitions signed by hundreds of thousands of people requesting that the Governor of Ohio pardon Williams-Bolar.This essay places the case in the context of what I call the “invisible intersections of colorblind racism,” the racial privileges of housing and educational resource hoarding via private property taxes for suburban upper-middle-class Whites and the expanded application of the criminalization of the Black poor to Black mothers who receive state assistance by the judicial system, in political discourse and mass media narrative. Williams-Bolar's supporters used the power of social media to build community activism and to generate alternative narratives that countered the discursive and structural forces that were at work. Finally, this article considers the value and impact of alternative narratives about Williams-Bolar and her actions as generated by supporters.
Untangling the Racialization of Disabilities
Authors: Artiles Alfredo J. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis article advances an intersectional perspective in the analysis of racial inequities in special education so that theoretical refinement of this problem will strengthen educational equity research and theory. Racial disproportionality in some disability categories continues to affect a sizable number of students in the United States, with dire long-term consequences for the educational trajectories of these learners. After more than four decades, the problem continues to be debated in research, practice, and policy circles. There is consensus among researchers that the racialization of disability embodies complexities that defy linear explanations. But this debate has overlooked the potential of intersectionality to document complexity and to transcend the individual-structure binary that tends to permeate previous scholarship. Indeed, intersectionality's explicit attention to how the complexity of people's everyday experiences is connected to larger historical processes could offer key insights. I analyze how disproportionality research has addressed the intersections of race and disability (along with other markers of oppression) through a contrapuntal reading of works framed with medical, social, and cultural disability models. I conclude with reflections for future research on racial disparities in special education that is mindful of intersectional complexity.
Erfassung berufsbezogener Selbstkonzepte von angehenden Lehrkräften (ERBSE-L)
Authors: Retelsdorf Jan , Bauer Johannes , Gebauer S. Kristina , Kauper Tabea , Möller Jens 
Published: January 2014

Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird ein Instrument zur mehrdimensionalen Erfassung berufsbezogener Selbstkonzepte von angehenden Lehrkräften (ERBSE-L) vorgestellt. In einer ersten Studie mit N = 484 Lehramtsstudierenden wurden mittels exploratorischer Faktorenanalysen die Selbstkonzeptdimensionen Fach, Innovation, Medien, Diagnostik, Erziehung und Beratung extrahiert. In einer zweiten Studie konnte diese faktorielle Struktur mittels konfirmatorischer Faktorenanalysen an einer Stichprobe von N = 5 802 Lehramtsstudierenden repliziert werden. In beiden Studien ergaben sich hinreichende interne Konsistenzen der sechs Dimensionen (α ≥ .71). Zudem konnte die Annahme von Messinvarianz der Selbstkonzeptdimensionen für Geschlecht, gymnasiales vs. nicht-gymnasiales Lehramt, Studienphase (Studienanfänger vs. fortgeschritten Studierende) und über die Zeit gestützt werden. Die Ergebnisse zu erwarteten Mittelwertsunterschieden zwischen den Geschlechtern bzw. zwischen den Lehrämtern sowie Zusammenhängen der Selbstkonzeptdimensionen mit der Studienwahlmotivation und Studienleistungen liefern weitere Hinweise auf die Validität der Skalen. Insgesamt erwies sich ERBSE-L als vielversprechendes Instrument für die Erfassung mehrerer Dimensionen des berufsbezogenen Selbstkonzepts von angehenden Lehrkräften.
Protein tyrosine phosphatase σ targets apical junction complex proteins in the intestine and regulates epithelial permeability
Authors: Murchie Ryan , Guo Cong-Hui , Persaud Avinash , Muise Aleixo , Rotin Daniela 
Published: January 2014

SignificancePolymorphisms in the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP)σ (PTPRS) gene were previously shown to be associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and PTPσ knockout mice exhibit an intestinal IBD phenotype, but how PTPσ is involved in IBD is unknown. Our studies here show that PTPσ knockout mice exhibit a leaky intestinal epithelium that may explain the observed IBD phenotype. We further identify the junctional protein ezrin as an in vivo intestinal substrate for PTPσ and identify specific tyrosine phosphorylation sites on ezrin that are targeted by PTPσ, leading to removal of ezrin from its plasma membrane localization. These studies help explain the role of PTPσ in IBD.
UV radiation as a new regulator of horticultural quality and yield - possibilities for innovation in crop production systems - mini review.
Authors: Wargent J. J. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Here we will explore the largely untapped potential for plant responses to ultraviolet radiation to be exploited as a means to regulate horticultural crop quality. Technological and scientific innovation will soon offer industry practitioners a tool-set to control plant quality and yield in a manner not previously achievable.
Issues and challenges in meeting well-being concerns of sows and litters.
Authors: Costa A. N. , Martins T. D. D. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The objective of this review is to provide an overview on the most frequent health and welfare issues that could compromise the health and well-being of sows and their litters on intensive production systems. Also, some farm challenges are discussed that might to be faced by producers, veterinarians and scientists in order to promote the balance in the hard equation between welfare and productivity that represent a way to respond to the demands of the regulatory bodies and markets, and also to the concerns of contemporary society.
Potential for using visual, auditory and olfactory cues to manage foraging behaviour and spatial distribution of rangeland livestock.
Authors: Howery L. D. , Cibils A. F. , Anderson D. M. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
This paper reviews the literature and reports on the current state of knowledge regarding the potential for managers to use visual (VC), auditory (AC) and olfactory (OC) cues to manage foraging behaviour and spatial distribution of rangeland livestock. We present evidence that free-ranging livestock use these sensory cues to make decisions about foraging, drinking, habitat selection and spatial distribution, and to detect and avoid predators. This knowledge provides managers with opportunities to favourably alter behavioural patterns of rangeland ungulates. Opportunities to use sensory cues to shape livestock spatial distribution patterns arise primarily from the abilities of animals to: (a) learn to respond to cue-consequence associations that enhance their ability to adapt to changing foraging environments on rangelands, (b) generalize learned cue-consequence associations across spatial and temporal foraging scales and (c) influence one another's behaviour through social learning. Key literature on cue-consequence principles is initially reviewed from fine-scale studies (e.g., controlled studies conducted in mazes, arenas). Applications of cue-consequence principles are then highlighted from literature dealing with field-scale studies (e.g., controlled and observational studies conducted in large pastures or paddocks). We then discuss potential management implications derived from these studies. Finally, we summarize conclusions and recommendations for potential future research directions. The studies reviewed here suggest that VC, AC and OC associated with positive or negative reinforcers can be used to effectively direct livestock towards or away from selected areas. The feasibility of favourably altering grazing pressure on rangelands without having to build expensive, static fences has the potential to provide substantial economic and ecologic advantages.
Functional genomics: applications to production agriculture.
Authors: Buza T. , McCarthy F. M. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Functional genomics enables agricultural researchers to investigate how gene expression and regulation contributes to complex production traits at a genome-wide level. There are many different techniques for utilizing functional genomic approaches and new high-throughput technologies are accelerating the amount and complexity of data collected from functional genomics experiments. In this review, we highlight some of the different areas of functional genomics, including some emerging techniques, with a specific focus on how they are being applied to production livestock and aquaculture systems. We look at how transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, interactomics, epigenetics and nutrigenomics are applied to improve our understanding of complex production traits and how the environment affects these traits. We also discuss how changing technologies contribute to functional genomics and the resources agricultural researchers require to ensure that their functional genomics data are effectively translated into benefits for society.
Software and data resources for genetic association studies: Mini Review.
Authors: Thornton T. A. , Austin M. A. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
In the last few years, tremendous resources have become available for genetic researchers. These include extensive software, genomic databases containing genotype and phenotype data, and population reference panels with genotyping and next-generation sequencing data. Navigating these resources can be challenging, especially in finding the appropriate software for the analysis of data and in identifying and gaining access to suitable genetic data. This review highlights a variety of currently available resources for genetic association studies.
New approaches to simulating the complex interaction effects of multiple human impacts on the marine environment
Authors: Griffith Gary P. , Fulton Elizabeth A. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The interplay of anthropogenic effects presents significant challenges to modelling and managing marine resources. The increasing awareness of the complexity of the interaction of human impacts has led to a demand for end-to-end (E2E) models that attempt to include all major processes in a single framework. These whole-of-system models are potentially very useful as numerical laboratories to explore the potential spectrum of responses from the interplay of anthropogenic effects. However, despite their limitations and early stage of development, the output of E2E models is under increasing social pressure to provide “simple” answers to highly complex problems. Here, we suggest some approaches that can be included in E2E models for considering the potential effects of complex interactions on community and ecosystem services. We show how assumptions and parameterizations made in existing E2E models can be altered to allow processes to shift with the dynamic response to both natural and human drivers. Alternative ways for interpreting complex model output, non-linearity, handling uncertainty, and how to include multispecies interaction effects within a framework of ecosystem-based management are suggested. We point out parts of the marine system that have been neglected in model development, but now should be included to understand interaction effects from multiple anthropogenic stressors. The E2E model framework also needs to be further expanded from an often-skewed focus on ecological systems to a more even-handed treatment of socio-ecological systems, including cultural aspects. Future progress in E2E models will require an interdisciplinary framework involving both qualitative and quantitative approaches, closer cooperation between empiricists and modellers, and the development of consistent terminology.
Clinical Validation of the Nursing Diagnosis Caregiver Role Strain in the Czech Republic
Authors: Zeleníková Renáta , Kozáková Radka , Jarošová Darja 
Published: January 2014

PurposeThe aim of the study was to clinically validate the defining characteristics of the nursing diagnosis caregiver role strain in the Czech Republic.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study. The patient‐focused clinical diagnostic validity model was used for clinical validation.FindingsOnly two major defining characteristics were identified for caregiver role strain in a sample of 225 caregivers.ConclusionThe study has identified the most frequently present defining characteristics related to the nursing diagnosis caregiver role strain in a caregiver population in the Czech Republic caring for their loved ones in home settings.Implications for Nursing PracticeIt is important that defining characteristics aid diagnosis and direct nursing interventions.
Expansion of CD4+HLA‐G+ T Cell in Human Pregnancy is Impaired in Pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Hsu Peter , Santner‐Nanan Brigitte , Joung Steven , Peek Michael J. , Nanan Ralph 
Published: January 2014

ProblemThe role of CD4+HLA‐G+ T cells in healthy pregnancy and pre‐eclampsia is unclear.Method of studyCD4+HLA‐G+ T cells were analysed from peripheral blood and decidual samples from healthy pregnant and pre‐eclamptic women. In vitro T‐cell induction, trogocytosis and suppression assays were performed.ResultsIn peripheral blood, CD4+HLA‐G+ T cells were significantly higher in pregnant women (mean ± S.E.M.: 7.98 ± 1.10%), compared with non‐pregnant controls (mean ± S.E.M.: 1.78 ± 0.30%) and pre‐eclamptic women (mean ± S.E.M.: 3.69 ± 0.51%). The presence of CD4+HLA‐G+ T cells is even more prominent in the decidua, suggestive of local induction and accumulation. Decidual CD14+DC‐SIGN+ antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) enhance the HLA‐G expression of cocultured CD4+ naïve T cells in vitro. IL‐10 augments expression of HLA‐G, ILT4 and DC‐SIGN in monocyte‐derived DCs (MoDCs), endowing them with a phenotype analogous to decidual CD14+DC‐SIGN+ APCs of healthy pregnancy. Furthermore, naïve T cells acquire HLA‐G from these IL‐10‐treated MoDCs via the process of trogocytosis.ConclusionsOur data indicate that in addition to Foxp3+ Treg cells, CD4+ T cells acquire HLA‐G from decidual DCs and may play an important role in immune tolerance induction in pregnancy, a process which is impaired in pre‐eclampsia.
Measurement of skeletal muscle radiation attenuation and basis of its biological variation
Authors: Aubrey J. , Esfandiari N. , Baracos V. E. , Buteau F. A. , Frenette J. , Putman C. T. , Mazurak V. C. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractSkeletal muscle contains intramyocellular lipid droplets within the cytoplasm of myocytes as well as intermuscular adipocytes. These depots exhibit physiological and pathological variation which has been revealed with the advent of diagnostic imaging approaches: magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, MR spectroscopy and computed tomography (CT). CT uses computer‐processed X‐rays and is now being applied in muscle physiology research. The purpose of this review is to present CT methodologies and summarize factors that influence muscle radiation attenuation, a parameter which is inversely related to muscle fat content. Pre‐defined radiation attenuation ranges are used to demarcate intermuscular adipose tissue [from −190 to −30 Hounsfield units (HU)] and muscle (−29 HU to +150 HU). Within the latter range, the mean muscle radiation attenuation [muscle (radio) density] is reported. Inconsistent criteria for the upper and lower HU cut‐offs used to characterize muscle attenuation limit comparisons between investigations. This area of research would benefit from standardized criteria for reporting muscle attenuation. Available evidence suggests that muscle attenuation is plastic with physiological variation induced by the process of ageing, as well as by aerobic training, which probably reflects accumulation of lipids to fuel aerobic work. Pathological variation in muscle attenuation reflects excess fat deposition in the tissue and is observed in people with obesity, diabetes type II, myositis, osteoarthritis, spinal stenosis and cancer. A poor prognosis and different types of morbidity are predicted by the presence of reduced mean muscle attenuation values in patients with these conditions; however, the biological features of muscle with these characteristics require further investigation.
How does vegetation sampling in different parts of the growing season influence classification results and analyses of beta diversity?
Authors: Vymazalová Marie , Tichý Lubomír , Axmanová Irena 
Published: January 2014

AbstractQuestionsSeveral studies have demonstrated that data sets that combine vegetation plots recorded in different parts of the growing season might contain significant seasonal variability. The effects of this variability might confound some data analyses, such as vegetation classifications or beta diversity estimates, but the magnitude of these effects is unknown. Here, we try to quantify how strong these effects are, depending on the range of seasonal variation within the data set.LocationSouthern Moravia, Czech Republic.MethodsWe used two data sets of permanent plots (Forests and Dry Grasslands from the Czech Republic, each recorded in spring, summer and autumn) to analyse the similarity of partitions in hierarchical classifications with (1) different parameter settings (transformations of cover data and the beta parameter of the Beta flexible clustering method), and (2) different proportions of plots recorded in different parts of the growing season (added non‐hierarchical k‐means classification).ResultsSingle‐season classifications based on the summer records were mostly robust to various cover data transformations and Beta settings, whereas spring and autumn records showed high variability in the resulting partitions. The comparisons of partitions based on the same parameter settings, but using two‐ or three‐season data sets, revealed considerable discrepancies. In the analyses comparing summer records with seasonally heterogeneous data sets, the similarity of partitions rapidly declined after the substitution of a few plots recorded in different parts of the growing season, and non‐hierarchical clustering showed higher partition similarity than hierarchical clustering alone in the Dry Grasslands. Compared to single‐season data sets, we found higher beta diversity when combining spring and summer plots in both Forest and Dry Grassland data sets.ConclusionsThe sampling date might strongly affect the results of classifications of temperate deciduous forests and dry grasslands. Therefore, for classification, we highly recommend using only summer‐recorded plots. These plots are most robust with respect to various classification settings, correspond approximately to the phenological optimum of these vegetation types and are the most represented in vegetation databases from temperate regions. When the summer‐recorded plots are less represented, we suggest careful seasonal stratification and the inclusion of information concerning the seasonal ratio of analysed data sets into each study.
Predictive modelling and monitoring of Ellenberg moisture value validates restoration success in floodplain forests
Authors: Lang Petra , Ewald Jörg 
Published: January 2014

AbstractQuestionHow does floodplain forest vegetation react to a changed hydrological regime induced by a restoration project? Is it possible to model the Ellenberg moisture value (mF) using variables representing site moisture conditions? Does mF help predict changes in vegetation composition and thus help in validating restoration success?LocationDanube floodplain, Neuburg a. d. Donau, Bavaria, Germany.MethodsA Generalized additive model (GAM) and a generalized linear model (GLM) were used for spatial prediction of mF using groundwater, relief and soil variables as predictors. Vegetation response to a changed hydrological regime was tested through replacing the old groundwater model with a new model representing the new water regime. With the help of a GIS, a spatial distribution and a scenario map of mF was produced. Model validation was done by cross‐validation and comparison between predicted and observed data from repeated vegetation sampling on permanent plots.ResultsGroundwater level (minima of 2009) and soil thickness entered the final model as significant predictors of mF. The GAM of mF showed good predictive power, with more than 57% of deviance explained. The corresponding GLM had slightly lower accuracy, with 51% of deviance explained. Using the new groundwater model (minima of 2011) it was possible to forecast mF after restoration. Changes in mF are to be expected in areas directly affected by restoration measures. The model validation has proven that the quality of model prediction is good and represents the reality fairly well.ConclusionsThe study has shown that mF is a useful indicator for a summary prediction of ecological change. It can be expected that restoration will turn overall conditions wetter, and vegetation will respond to these changes with an increase of wetland plant species. With the help of the model, it is possible to measure the success of the restoration project. It is demonstrated that GAM can be used for intensive data exploration, after which a less complex and easily computable GLM can be parameterized.