bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meal replacements, reduced energy density eating, and weight loss maintenance in primary care patients: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lowe Michael R. , Butryn Meghan L. , Thomas J. Graham , Coletta Maria 
Published: July 2013

ObjectiveTo compare the presence or absence of meal replacements (MRs) and an energy density (ED) intervention to facilitate weight loss maintenance.Design and MethodsA total of 238 overweight primary care patients (mean body mass index = 39.5 kg/m2) began the study; 132 completed the 12‐week weight loss phase. Participants were randomly assigned to one of four maintenance conditions formed by crossing the presence or absence of MRs (MR+/MR−) and of the ED program (ED+/ED−) during a subsequent 9‐month maintenance phase. Follow‐up assessments occurred 1 and 2 years after treatment termination.ResultsParticipants initially lost 6.1 kg. Analyses of variance based on weight change from the beginning of the maintenance phase to the 2‐year follow‐up produced a significant interaction. All groups except ED+/MR− regained substantial weight during follow‐up; the ED+/MR− group regained significantly less weight than the control group at both follow‐up assessments. No significant effects of treatment were found for several variables that were expected to mediate these outcomes.ConclusionsBecause weight losses achieved in lifestyle change programs for obesity are rarely maintained, the superior outcome achieved by the ED+/MR− condition is notable. Nonetheless, methodological issues and inability to identify a potential mediator of this outcome make replication of this finding essential.
Determination of the inheritance, cross‐resistance and detoxifying enzyme levels of a laboratory‐selected, spiromesifen‐resistant population of the predatory mite Neoseiulus californicus (Acari: Phytoseiidae)
Authors: Yorulmaz‐Salman Sibel , Ay Recep 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDNeoseiulus californicus of the family Phytoseiidae is an effective predatory mite species that is used to control pest mites.RESULTSThe LC50 and LC60 values of spiromesifen were determined on N. californicus using a leaf‐disc method and spraying tower. A laboratory selection population designated SPR13 was found to have a 52.08‐fold resistance to spiromesifen following 13 selection cycles. This population developed low resistance to hexythiazox and moderate cross‐resistance to propargite, clofentezine, spirodiclofen, etoxazole and milbemectin. PBO, IBP and DEM synergised resistance 3.75‐, 2.54‐ and 1.93‐fold respectively. Crossing experiments revealed that spiromesifen resistance in the SPR13 population was intermediately dominant and monogenic. In addition, detoxifying enzyme activities were increased 2.74‐fold for esterase, 3.09‐fold for glutathione S‐transferase and 2.17‐fold for cytochrome P450 monooxygenase in the SPR13 population.CONCLUSIONSSelection for spiromesifen under laboratory conditions resulted in the development of spiromesifen resistance in the predatory mite N. californicus. Predatory mites that are resistant to pesticides are considered valuable for use in resistance management programmes within integrated pest control strategies. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Engineering geological assessment for route selection of railway line in geologically active area: A case study in China
Authors: Huang Run-qiu , Li Yan-rong , Qu Ke , Wang Ke 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
The Cheng-Lan railway links Chengdu, a central city in Southwestern China, and Lanzhou, a central city in Northwestern China. The railway passes through the Longmenshan fault zone (Wenchuan earthquake happened there on May 12, 2008), Minjiang fault zone, and Dongkunlun fault zone, which are all active. It runs over the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, and crosses high mountains and deep valleys. There exists, along the railway’s alignment, different kinds of strata of hard granite and soft, weak metamorphic rocks such as carbonaceous slate, schist, and phyllite. It is, therefore, a key issue for such an infrastructure construction to assess the engineering geological conditions and risks, so as to mitigate or avoid possible georisks and to offer optional designs. Geological survey and georisk assessment along the railway corridor are carried out. Special attention is given to active faults, earthquakes and seismic zones. Based on these, discussions about geological aspects for route selection of the railway are conducted and countermeasures for georisk control are proposed accordingly. Main conclusions are achieved as follows: (1) Geohazards such as landslides, rockfalls and debries flows dominate both the route selection of the railway and the engineering structures (e.g., tunnels or bridges) adopted; (2) Tunnel has been proved to be an excellent structure for linear engineering in geologically active area; and (3) In the case where avoiding is impractical, necessary protection measures should be taken to engineering slopes in high earthquake intensity areas, especially the area with earthquake of Ms. 8 or greater.
Identifying scale-location specific control on vegetation distribution in mountain-hill region
Authors: Qiu Bing-wen , Zeng Can-ying , Tang Zheng-hong , Li Wei-jiao , Hirsh Aaron 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
The scale-location specific control on vegetation distribution was investigated through continuous wavelet transforms approaches in subtropical mountain-hill region, Fujian, China. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was calculated as an indicator of vegetation greenness using Chinese Environmental Disaster Reduction Satellite images along latitudinal and longitudinal transects. Four scales of variations were identified from the local wavelet spectrum of NDVI, with much stronger wavelet variances observed at larger scales. The characteristic scale of vegetation distribution within mountainous and hilly regions in Southeast China was around 20 km. Significantly strong wavelet coherency was generally examined in regions with very diverse topography, typically characterized as small mountains and hills fractured by rivers and residents. The continuous wavelet based approaches provided valuable insight on the hierarchical structure and its corresponding characteristic scales of ecosystems, which might be applied in defining proper levels in multilevel models and optimal bandwidths in Geographically Weighted Regression.
Time‐dependent changes in cardiovascular function during copulatory behavior induced by the hand method in the male dog
Authors: Terada Misao , Horii Yatsuka , Sato Fumio , Taniguchi Kazumi , Hori Tatsuya , Kawakami Eiichi , Tsutsui Toshihiko , Akimoto Toshio , Shinoda Motoo , Saito Toru R. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractPurposeEjaculation in the male dog consists of three fractions. Observation of behavior and measurement of heart rate (HR), and plasma noradrenaline (NA) and adrenaline (Ad) concentrations were researched sequentially, and a fundamental examination of the features of sympathetic nerve activity during copulatory behavior induced by the hand method in the male dog was undertaken.MethodsWe investigated the breeding capability of male dogs. HR, plasma NA level and plasma Ad levels were measured during ejaculation induced by the hand method.ResultsHR was 125.8 ± 6.0 beats/min at rest, and peaked during mounting at 195.2 ± 8.2 beats/min. Moreover, HR at 3 min after the first fraction decreased to values similar to those at rest. Plasma NA and Ad concentrations during copulatory behavior induced by the hand method did not differ significantly from those at rest. However, although there was no significant difference, plasma NA concentration during ejaculation of the third fraction peaked at about 1.8 times the baseline value.ConclusionsIn the male dog, excitation of sympathetic nerves of long duration during erection of the penis and ejaculation is questionable. However, inhibition of sympathetic nerves and activation of parasympathetic nerves is thought to occur during erection of the penis and ejaculation.
Brief report: The influence of posttraumatic stress on unprotected sex among sexually active adolescent girls and boys involved in the child welfare system of the United States
Authors: Cavanaugh Courtenay E. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTWhile posttraumatic stress (PTS) has been positively associated with risky sexual behavior (RSB) among adult women, there is a paucity of research examining PTS in relation to RSB among adolescent girls and boys. This study aimed to replicate findings among adult women with sexually active adolescents (179 females and 106 males) involved in a national study of children in the United States child welfare system. After controlling for age and the complex study design, sexually active adolescent girls with clinically significant PTS symptoms were more than seven times more likely than those without such symptoms to report unprotected intercourse. In contrast, sexually active adolescent boys with clinically significant PTS symptoms were less likely than those without such symptoms to report unprotected intercourse. Research is needed to 1) understand the mechanisms linking PTS and RSB, 2) further explore gender differences reported here, and 3) inform RSB interventions in this high‐risk population.
Information Processing and Proactive Interference in Children With and Without Specific Language Impairment
Authors: Marton Klara , Campanelli Luca , Eichorn Naomi , Scheuer Jessica , Yoon Jungmee 
Published: July 2013

Purpose
Increasing evidence suggests that children with specific language impairment (SLI) have a deficit in inhibition control, but research isolating specific abilities is scarce. The goal of this study was to examine whether children with SLI differ from their peers in resistance to proactive interference under different conditions.

Method
An information processing battery with manipulations in interference was administered to 66 children (SLI, age-matched peers, and language-matched controls). In Experiment 1, previously relevant targets were used as distractors to create conflict. Experiment 2 used item repetitions to examine how practice strengthens word representations and how the strength of a response impacts performance on the following item.

Results
Children with SLI performed similarly to their peers in the baseline condition but were more susceptible to proactive interference than the controls in both experimental conditions. Children with SLI demonstrated difficulty suppressing irrelevant information, made significantly more interference errors than their peers, and showed a slower rate of implicit learning.

Conclusion
Children with SLI show weaker resistance to proactive interference than their peers, and this deficit impacts their information processing abilities. The coordination of activation and inhibition is less efficient in these children, but future research is needed to further examine the interaction between these two processes.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6170429
Indel and Carryforward Correction (ICC): a new analysis approach for processing 454 pyrosequencing data
Authors: Deng Wenjie , Maust Brandon S. , Westfall Dylan H. , Chen Lennie , Zhao Hong , Larsen Brendan B. , Iyer Shyamala , Liu Yi , Mullins James I. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Motivation: Pyrosequencing technology provides an important new approach to more extensively characterize diverse sequence populations and detect low frequency variants. However, the promise of this technology has been difficult to realize, as careful correction of sequencing errors is crucial to distinguish rare variants (∼1%) in an infected host with high sensitivity and specificity.
Results: We developed a new approach, referred to as Indel and Carryforward Correction (ICC), to cluster sequences without substitutions and locally correct only indel and carryforward sequencing errors within clusters to ensure that no rare variants are lost. ICC performs sequence clustering in the order of (i) homopolymer indel patterns only, (ii) indel patterns only and (iii) carryforward errors only, without the requirement of a distance cutoff value. Overall, ICC removed 93–95% of sequencing errors found in control datasets. On pyrosequencing data from a PCR fragment derived from 15 HIV-1 plasmid clones mixed at various frequencies as low as 0.1%, ICC achieved the highest sensitivity and similar specificity compared with other commonly used error correction and variant calling algorithms.
Availability and implementation: Source code is freely available for download at http://indra.mullins.microbiol.washington.edu/ICC. It is implemented in Perl and supported on Linux, Mac OS X and MS Windows.
Contact: jmullins@uw.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
First Report of Cherry necrotic rusty mottle virus Infecting Sweet Cherry Trees in Korea
Authors: Cho I. S. , Choi G. S. , Choi S. K. , Seo E. Y. , Lim H. S. 
Published: July 2013

Cherry necrotic rusty mottle virus (CNRMV), an unassigned member in the family Betaflexiviridae, has been reported in sweet cherry in North America, Europe, New Zealand, Japan, China, and Chile. The virus causes brown, angular necrotic spots, shot holes on the leaves, gum blisters, and necrosis of the bark in several cultivars (1). During the 2012 growing season, 154 sweet cherry trees were tested for the presence of CNRMV by RT-PCR. Samples were randomly collected from 11 orchards located in Gyeonggi and Gyeongsang provinces in Korea. RNA was extracted from leaves using the NucliSENS easyMAG system (bioMérieux, Boxtel, The Netherlands). The primer pair CGRMV1/2 (2) was used to amplify the coat protein region of CNRMV. Although none of the collected samples showed any notable symptoms, CNRMV PCR products of the expected size (949 bp) were obtained from three sweet cherry samples from one orchard in Gyeonggi province. The PCR products were cloned into a pGEM-T easy vector (Promega, Madison, WI) and sequenced. BLAST analyses of the three Korean sequences obtained (GenBank Accession Nos. AB822635, AB822636, and AB822637) showed 97% nucleotide sequence identity with a flowering cherry isolate from Japan (EU188439), and shared 98.8 to 99.6% nucleotide and 99.6 to 100% amino acid similarities to each other. The CNRMV positive samples were also tested for Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV), Cherry mottle leaf virus (CMLV), Cherry rasp leaf virus (CRLV), Cherry leafroll virus (CLRV), Cherry virus A (CVA), Little cherry virus 1 (LChV-1), Prune dwarf virus (PDV), and Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) by RT-PCR. One of the three CNRMV-positive samples was also infected with CVA. To confirm CNRMV infection by wood indexing, Prunus serrulata cv. Kwanzan plants were graft-inoculated with chip buds from the CNRMV-positive sweet cherry trees. At 3 to 4 weeks post-inoculation, the Kwanzan plants showed quick decline with leaves wilting and dying; CNRMV infection of the indicators was confirmed by RT-PCR. To our knowledge, this is the first report of CNRMV infection of sweet cherry trees in Korea. Screening for CNRMV in propagation nurseries should minimize spread of this virus within Korea. References: (1) R. Li and R. Mock. Arch. Virol. 153:973, 2008. (2) R. Li and R. Mock. J. Virol. Methods 129:162, 2005.
The appraisal of ICT and non‐ICT capital projects
Authors: Lefley Frank 
Published: July 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify current practice in respect of the appraisal of both information communication technology (ICT) and non‐ICT capital investments, and to elicit the opinions of senior executives on the various issues concerning such investment practices.Design/methodology/approachEmpirical research based on data from a postal questionnaire, designed around a factual and attitudinal survey.FindingsThis research presents evidence of the financial and risk assessment models used by practitioners in the appraisal of both ICT and non‐ICT capital projects. It shows that there was no significant difference between ICT and non‐ICT appraisals in this respect. It does, however, show that there are significant differences between the two types of projects in respect to other important appraisal/evaluation issues. It also uncovers important issues regarding ICT globalisation, project champions, post audits and appraisal teams.Research limitations/implicationsThis research does not identify the approach adopted, or the models used, to appraise strategic issues. This is an area for future research.Practical implicationsThis research presents data that will assist both practitioners and academics in a greater understanding of the appraisal of both ICT and non‐ICT projects, which will pave the way to better decision making in the future.Originality/valueIt is believed that this is possibly the only survey to simultaneously address the appraisal issues concerning both ICT and non‐ICT projects.
Quercetin Suppresses Intracellular ROS Formation, MMP Activation, and Cell Motility in Human Fibrosarcoma Cells
Authors: Lee Dong Eun , Chung Min‐Yu , Lim Tae Gyu , Huh Won Bum , Lee Hyong Joo , Lee Ki Won 
Published: July 2013

AbstractCell metastasis is a major cause of death from cancer and can arise from excessive levels of oxidative stress. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the natural flavonoid quercetin can inhibit matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2 and ‐9 activities through the attenuation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, an event expected to lead to the inhibition of cell motility. To induce sustained ROS formation, cells were treated with phenazine methosulfate (PMS; 1 μM). Noncytotoxic concentrations of quercetin inhibited PMS‐induced increases in cell motility in HT1080 human fibrosarcoma (HT1080) cells. While nearly 100% of cells were observed to migrate after 24 h of PMS treatment, quercetin significantly (P < 0.01) suppressed this effect. We also found that quercetin, up to 10 μg/mL, attenuated PMS‐induced MMP‐2 activation. We then investigated whether the decreased levels of MMP‐2 activation could be attributable to lower levels of ROS formation by quercetin. We found that quercetin treatments significantly attenuated PMS‐induced ROS formation (P < 0.01) and resulted in decreased cell motility associated with a reduction in MMP‐2 and ‐9 activitiy in HT1080 cells, even in the absence of PMS treatment. Collectively, these results suggest that quercetin inhibits cell motility via the inhibition of MMP activation in HT1080 cells in the presence and absence of PMS. This is likely to be a result of the suppression of intracellular ROS formation by quercetin.
Allogeneic transplantation in the UK: an aggregation of marginal gains?
Authors: Thomson Kirsty J. , Peggs Karl S. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryA number of advances in clinical practice that are considered routine in modern allogeneic transplant programmes lack definitive supporting evidence, partly because they may offer modest incremental benefits that are difficult to demonstrate in a statistically robust manner given the relatively small cohorts of patients who undergo such procedures. Nevertheless, these marginal gains probably contribute therapeutically meaningful overall benefit, particularly when aggregated. We review the evidence for a number of these practices in terms of impact on transplant outcomes, with particular reference to the setting of T cell depletion as widely practiced in the United Kingdom, including high resolution tissue typing, surveillance for and therapy of infectious complications, chimerism‐directed immune modulation and more sensitive monitoring for residual or progressive disease.
Development of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) diagnostics and impact on prognosis
Authors: Sunela Kaisa L. , Lehtinen Eero T. , Kataja Matti J. , Kujala Paula M. , Soimakallio Seppo , Kellokumpu‐Lehtinen Pirkko‐Liisa I. 
Published: July 2013

Objective
To evaluate imaging methods and prognoses between small renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) and larger tumours according to the era of diagnostics.
Patients and Methods
In all, 784 consecutive patients diagnosed with RCC between 1964 and 1997 at the Pirkanmaa Hospital District in Finland were included.
Patients were divided into two groups: tumours of ≤3.0 and >3.0 cm in diameter.
Prognosis was analysed according to the era of diagnostics: (i) pre‐computed tomography (CT) and pre‐ultrasound (US), (ii) US era and (iii) CT era.
Results
Small tumours became more common: in the pre‐CT and pre‐US era, only 4.4% of tumours were small; however, in the CT era 16% were small tumours.
More diagnostic methods were used in studying small tumours.
CT proved to be the most reliable method, although it was actually better at diagnosing large tumours.
Relapses occurred less frequently among patients with small tumours; more than half of the tumours that developed distant metastases (16.0%) already evinced them at the time of diagnosis. There were no relapses after 14 years of follow‐up among small tumours, whereas large tumours relapsed within that time. RCC was the cause of death in 14.9% of patients with small tumours vs 50.7% with large tumours.
The best prognosis was among patients with small tumours diagnosed with CT.
Conclusion
Among patients with small tumours, prognosis has improved along with better diagnostics, although some showed relapse during a surveillance period of up to 14 years.
The optimal age of sown field margins for breeding farmland birds
Authors: Zollinger Jean‐Luc , Birrer Simon , Zbinden Niklaus , Korner‐Nievergelt Fränzi 
Published: July 2013

The Europe‐wide decline in the populations and diversity of farmland birds has not been stopped despite dedicated conservation efforts such as agri‐environment schemes (AES). The main reason for the lack of success of AES is considered to be their low ecological quality and insufficient area. Understanding the effects of different management strategies on the ecological quality of AES is therefore important. Here, we investigate the relationship between breeding bird density and species richness and the age of sown field margins, a widely used type of AES, in southwestern Switzerland. Territories of breeding birds were mapped on 67 field margins between 2004 and 2011. Territory densities (for eight species) and species richness were analysed in relation to age of the field margin. A general negative correlation between size of the field margin and territory density indicated that territory density was higher when the birds could forage in adjacent cultivated land. Territory densities and species richness increased up to an age of 4–6 years after sowing, depending on the species, and declined thereafter. The results suggest that the co‐occurrence of newly sown margins and margins over 3 years old will have a positive effect on breeding bird densities and species diversity.
Modelling growth of Lactobacillus plantarum and shelf life of vacuum‐packaged cooked chopped pork at different temperatures
Authors: Dalcanton Francieli , Pérez‐Rodríguez Fernando , Posada‐Izquierdo Guiomar Denisse , de Aragão Gláucia M. F. , García‐Gimeno Rosa María 
Published: July 2013

SummaryLactobacillus plantarum growth in a vacuum‐packaged cooked meat product under different storage temperatures (4, 10 and 16 °C) and the relation between the microorganism growth and sensory quality were investigated. The Gompertz model was fitted to experimental counts of L. plantarum showing a good fitting to growth curves at different temperatures. A root‐square secondary model and linear model were satisfactorily fitted to estimated growth rates () and lag times (), respectively. The sensory attributes (colour, flavour, taste, appearance) were also evaluated due to their importance to the global quality (Q). The sensory deterioration was detected several days after L. plantarum reached the stationary phase, that is, 59, 45 and 25 days for 4, 10 and 16 °C, respectively. According to results, sensory deterioration was related to time when microorganism reached late stationary phase, phenomenon known as ‘delayed change’.