bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Etiologic Profile of the Pneumococcus in Ghana: A Systematic Review
Authors: Arhin Reuben E. , Donkor Eric S. , Slotved Hans-Christian , Kotey Fleischer C. N. , Dayie Nicholas T. K. D. 
Published: August 2024

Objective: To describe the profile of Streptococcus pneumoniae, identify research gaps, and provide in‐depth insights into various aspects related to the pathogen.Methods: Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect were searched for all studies on the pneumococcus in Ghana that reported on specimen collected, population and sample size, carriage prevalence, incidence of pneumococcal diseases, age of the study population, types of test performed, serotypes identified, antimicrobial susceptibilities, or molecular analysis on the pneumococci for data extraction.Results: Overall, a total of 7954 results were obtained from the three‐database search, and of this, 24 articles were selected after screening. A total of 924 isolates were accounted for by serotyping/serogrouping. The prevalence of pneumococcal carriage in Ghana ranges from 11.0% to 51.4% in the population depending on the age (≤ 24–80 years), sickle cell disease (SCD), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status, or health of the study population, and penicillin (Pen)‐nonsusceptible isolates ranged from 17% to 63%. The prevalence of pneumococci found as the etiologic agent of diseases among Ghanaians ranges from 3.4% for otitis media to 77.7% for meningitis. Overall, the 13‐valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) (PCV‐13) carriage serotypes accounted for 28.4% of the reported pneumococcal isolates. PCV‐13 invasive serotypes accounted for 22.4% of the reported isolates. The non‐PCV‐13 carriage serotypes accounted for most (43.9%) of the reported isolates. In the pre‐PCV‐13 era, the nontypeable (NT) (5.5%) and other nonvaccine types (NVTs) (6.4%) were reported as being predominant. The non‐PCV‐13 serotypes accounted for 4.4% of the reported isolates in invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) cases. Multidrug resistance (MDR) ranged from 7.8% to 100%.Conclusion: Predicting the invasiveness of pneumococci using molecular typing is the way to go in the future as this will provide answers to the extent to which capsular switching is contributing to the pneumococcal disease burden in Ghana almost a decade after introducing PCV‐13. Continuous monitoring of antibiotic resistance patterns at both phenotypic and genotypic levels, along with serotyping and molecular typing, should be a standard practice in the surveillance of pneumococcal disease burden in Ghana.
Pediatric Cancer Screening in Hereditary Gastrointestinal Cancer Risk Syndromes: An Update from the AACR Childhood Cancer Predisposition Working Group
Authors: MacFarland Suzanne P. , Becktell Kerri , Schneider Kami Wolfe , Kuiper Roland P. , Lesmana Harry , Meade Julia , Nichols Kim E. , Porter Christopher C. , Savage Sharon A. , Schultz Kris Ann , Scott Hamish , States Lisa , Tabori Uri , Tamura Chieko , Tomlinson Gail , Zelley Kristin , Durno Carol , Bauer Andrew , Plon Sharon E. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) polyposis and cancer in pediatric patients is frequently due to an underlying hereditary cancer risk syndrome requiring ongoing cancer screening. Identification of at-risk patients through family history, clinical features of a syndrome, or symptom onset ensures appropriate cancer risk assessment and management in childhood and beyond. In this 2024 perspective, we outline updates to the hereditary GI cancer screening guidelines first published by the American Association of Cancer Research Pediatric Cancer Predisposition Workshop in 2017. These guidelines consider existing recommendations by pediatric and adult gastroenterology consortia to ensure alignment with gastroenterology practices in managing polyposis conditions. We specifically address the recommendations for pediatric screening in familial adenomatous polyposis, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, and juvenile polyposis syndrome. Further, we emphasize the importance of multidisciplinary care and partnership with gastroenterology, as it is crucial in management of children and families with these conditions.
Residual Stroke Risk Among Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Prescribed Oral Anticoagulants: A Patient‐Level Meta‐Analysis From COMBINE AF
Authors: Johnson Linda S. , Benz Alexander P. , Shoamanesh Ashkan , Eikelboom John W. , Ezekowitz Michael , Giugliano Robert P. , Wallentin Lars , Ruff Christian T. , Lopes Renato D. , Jolly Sanjit , Whitlock Richard , Granger Christopher B. , Connolly Stuart , Healey Jeffrey S. 
Published: August 2024

Background
Despite oral anticoagulation, patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) remain at risk of ischemic stroke and systemic embolism (SE) events. For patients whose residual risk is sufficiently high, additional therapies might be useful to mitigate stroke risk.

Methods and Results

Individual patient data from 5 landmark trials testing oral anticoagulation in AF were pooled in A Collaboration Between Multiple Institutions to Better Investigate Non‐Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulant Use in AF (COMBINE AF). We calculated the rate of ischemic stroke/SE among oral anticoagulation–treated patients with a CHA
2
DS
2
‐VASc score≥2, across strata of CHA
2
DS
2
‐VASc score, stroke history, and AF type, as either paroxysmal or nonparoxysmal. We included 71 794 patients with AF (median age 72 years, interquartile range, 13 years, 61.3% male) randomized to a direct oral anticoagulant or vitamin K antagonist, and followed for a mean of 2.1 (±0.8) years. The median CHA
2
DS
2
‐VASc score was 4 (interquartile range, 3–5), 18.8% had a prior stroke, and 76.4% had nonparoxysmal AF. The overall rate of stroke/SE was 1.33%/y (95% CI, 1.27–1.39); 1.38%/y (95% CI, 1.31–1.45) for nonparoxysmal AF, and 1.15%/y (95% CI, 1.05–1.27) for paroxysmal AF. The rate of ischemic stroke/SE increased by a rate ratio of 1.36 (95% CI, 1.32–1.41) per 1‐point increase in CHA
2
DS
2
‐VASc, reaching 1.67%/y (95% CI, 1.59–1.75) ≥4 CHA
2
DS
2
‐VASc points. Patients with both nonparoxysmal AF and CHA
2
DS
2
‐VASc ≥4 had a stroke/SE rate of 1.75%/y (95% CI, 1.66–1.85). In patients with a prior stroke, the risk was 2.51%/y (95% CI, 2.33–2.71).

Conclusions

AF type, CHA
2
DS
2
‐VASc score, and stroke history can identify patients with AF, who despite oral anticoagulation have a residual stroke/SE risk of 1.5% to 2.5% per year. Evaluation of additional stroke/SE prevention strategies in high‐risk patients is warranted.
Evaluation of Cost‐Effectiveness of a Virtual Multidisciplinary Stroke Care Clinic for Community‐Dwelling Survivors of Stroke
Authors: Lam Simon Kwun Yu , Chau Janita Pak Chun , Lo Suzanne Hoi Shan , Choi Kai Chow , Siow Elaine Kee Chen , Shum Edward Wai Ching , Lee Vivian Wing Yan , Hung Sheung Sheung , Mok Vincent Chung Tong , Ching Jessica Yuet Ling , Lau Alexander Yuk Lun 
Published: August 2024

Background
A technologically integrated, multidisciplinary approach to stroke rehabilitation service was delivered and embedded into conventional health care practice. This article reports an evaluation of cost‐effectiveness analysis of a new Virtual Multidisciplinary Stroke Care Clinic (VMSCC) service for community‐dwelling survivors of stroke.

Methods and Results
A randomized controlled trial was conducted. Adults with a first/recurrent ischemic/hemorrhagic stroke were recruited from 10 hospitals. Eligible participants were randomly assigned to receive the VMSCC service (individual virtual consultations with a registered nurse, home blood pressure telemonitoring, and unlimited access to an online resource platform) plus usual care or usual care alone. Cost‐effectiveness analyses were performed based on incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios expressed as incremental cost per emergency admission reduced, and day of hospitalization reduced over the study period. A total of 256 participants (intervention group n=141 versus control group n=115) with complete cost and health care use data were included in the cost‐effectiveness analyses. The VMSCC service, on average, resulted in a greater reduction in the number of emergency admission (−0.06 [95% bootstrapped CI, −0.14 to 0.01]) and fewer days of hospitalization (−0.08, [95% bootstrapped CI −0.40 to 0.24]) but incurred a higher total cost of HK$375 (95% bootstrapped CI, −2103 to 2743) compared with the usual care. The incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios of the VMSCC service compared with the usual care were HK$6070 and HK$4826 per an emergency admission and a day of hospital stay reduced respectively.

Conclusions
The study provides preliminary but not confirmative evidence that the VMSCC service could be more effective but more costly than usual care in reducing health service use.

Registration

URL:
https://www.chictr.org.cn
. Unique identifier: ChiCTR1800016101.
Use of Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers Is Associated With a Reduced Risk of Poststroke Epilepsy in Patients With Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Chang Kuo‐Cheng , Lin Ching‐Heng , Huang Jin‐An 
Published: August 2024

Background
Poststroke epilepsy (PSE) is a common complication after ischemic stroke. This study investigates the association between the use of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and the risk of PSE in patients with ischemic stroke.

Methods and Results

A population‐based retrospective cohort study was conducted using Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database between 2000 and 2015. Patients with hypertension with a history of ischemic stroke were classified into prevalent, new, and nonusers according to their use of ACEIs/ARBs. Prevalent ACEI/ARB users were further classified into continuing or discontinued users, based on their poststroke medication adherence. We used multivariate Cox regression models, adjusted for demographics and comorbidities, to assess the risk of PSE among different ACEI/ARB user groups. There were 182 983 ACEI/ARB users and 38 365 nonusers included. There were 7387 patients diagnosed with PSE, whereas 213 961 were not. Nonusers exhibited a higher risk of PSE (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.72 [95% CI, 1.63–1.82]). Both prevalent and nonusers had higher risks compared with new ACEI/ARB users, with respective aHRs of 1.33 (95% CI, 1.25–1.41) and 2.00 (95% CI, 1.87–2.14). Discontinued ACEI/ARB users showed the highest risk of PSE (aHR, 2.34 [95% CI, 2.15–2.54]), suggesting the importance of continuing ACEI/ARB use after stroke. Treatment‐by‐age interaction was significant among patients with or without ACEI/ARB use before stroke (
P
value for interaction 0.004 and <0.001, respectively), suggesting a stronger beneficial association in younger patients.

Conclusions
The use of ACEIs/ARBs after ischemic stroke in patients with hypertension is associated with a reduced risk of PSE, especially among younger patients.
Anticoagulation in Patients With Device‐Detected Atrial Fibrillation With and Without a Prior Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack: The NOAH‐AFNET 6 Trial
Authors: Diener Hans Christoph , Becher Nina , Sehner Susanne , Toennis Tobias , Bertaglia Emanuele , Blomstrom‐Lundqvist Carina , Brandes Axel , Beuger Vincent , Calvert Melanie , Camm A. John , Chlouverakis Gregory , Dan Gheorghe‐Andrei , Dichtl Wolfgang , Fierenz Alexander , Goette Andreas , de Groot Joris R. , Hermans Astrid , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Lubinski Andrzej , Marijon Eloi , Merkely Béla , Mont Lluís , Nikorowitsch Julius , Ozga Ann‐Kathrin , Rajappan Kim , Sarkozy Andrea , Scherr Daniel , Schnabel Renate B. , Schotten Ulrich , Simantirakis Emmanuel , Vardas Panos , Wichterle Dan , Zapf Antonia , Kirchhof Paulus ,   the NOAH‐AFNET 6 investigators
Published: August 2024

Background
Short and rare episodes of atrial fibrillation (AF) are commonly detected using implanted devices (device‐detected AF) in patients with prior stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). The effectiveness and safety of oral anticoagulation in patients with prior stroke or TIA and device‐detected AF but with no ECG‐documented AF is unclear.

Methods and Results
This prespecified analysis of the NOAH‐AFNET 6 (Non‐Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants in Patients With Atrial High Rate Episodes) trial with post hoc elements assessed the effect of oral anticoagulation in patients with device‐detected AF with and without a prior stroke or TIA in the randomized, double‐blind, double‐dummy NOAH‐AFNET 6 trial. Outcomes were stroke, systemic embolism, and cardiovascular death (primary outcome) and major bleeding and death (safety outcome). A prior stroke or TIA was found in 253 patients with device‐detected AF randomized in the NOAH‐AFNET 6 (mean age, 78 years; 36.4% women). There was no treatment interaction with prior stroke or TIA for any of the primary and secondary time‐to‐event outcomes. In patients with a prior stroke or TIA, 14 out of 122 patients experienced a primary outcome event with anticoagulation (5.7% per patient‐year). Without anticoagulation, there were 16 out of 131 patients with an event (6.3% per patient‐year). The rate of stroke was lower than expected (anticoagulation: 4 out of 122 [1.6% per patient‐year]; no anticoagulation: 6 out of 131 [2.3% per patient‐year]). Numerically, there were more major bleeding events with anticoagulation in patients with prior stroke or TIA (8 out of 122 patients) than without anticoagulation (2 out of 131 patients).

Conclusions
Anticoagulation appears to have ambiguous effects in patients with device‐detected AF and a prior stroke or TIA in this hypothesis‐generating analysis of the NOAH‐AFNET 6 in the absence of ECG‐documented AF, partially due to a low rate of stroke without anticoagulation.
Relationship Between Baseline Infarct and Clinical Outcome in Pediatric Large‐Vessel Occlusion Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Bhatia Kartik D. , Parra‐Farinas Carmen , Pulcine Elizabeth , Dlamini Nomazulu , Andrews Ian , Gupta Sachin , Webster Richard , Troedson Christopher , Dale Russell C. , Worthington John , Tastula Kylie , Ang Timothy , Cheung Andrew , Manning Nathan , Miteff Ferdinand , Miteff Christina , Muthusami Prakash 
Published: August 2024

Background
In adults with large‐vessel occlusion stroke, the extent of the baseline infarct measured using the Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (ASPECTS) predicts outcome and is used during patient selection for mechanical thrombectomy. The relationship between ASPECTS and clinical outcome is unknown in pediatric large‐vessel occlusion stroke.

Methods
Secondary analysis of a retrospective multicenter case–control study assessing mechanical thrombectomy versus medical management alone for pediatric large‐vessel occlusion stroke across 5 centers in Australia and Canada from 2011 to 2022. ASPECTS was measured on baseline computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging–diffusion‐weighted imaging while blinded to clinical outcome and treatment status. The relationship between ASPECTS and pediatric modified Rankin scale scores at 3 months following stroke was assessed using ordinal logistic regression.

Results

In total, n = 24 thrombectomy patients (F = 10, mean age, 11.3 years [SD, 4.36]) and n = 24 control patients (F = 10, mean age, 10.2 years [SD, 4.32) were included. Mean ASPECTS was 6.3 (SD, 2.37) in the thrombectomy group and 6.1 (SD, 2.64) in the control group. In patients undergoing thrombectomy, baseline ASPECTS significantly correlated with pediatric modified Rankin scale scores at 3 months (odds ratio, 1.58 [95% CI, 1.10–2.27];
P
= 0.013). In control patients, there was no significant correlation (odds ratio, 1.17 [95% CI, 0.87–1.55];
P
= 0.298). Six of 7 thrombectomy patients with a large baseline infarct (ASPECTS <6) had a pediatric modified Rankin scale score of 0 to 2 at final follow‐up.

Conclusion
Baseline ASPECTS was significantly associated with clinical outcome in pediatric patients with large‐vessel occlusion stroke who received mechanical thrombectomy. Thrombectomy patients with low ASPECTS demonstrated favorable long‐term outcomes, suggesting ASPECTS alone should not be used to exclude pediatric patients from receiving thrombectomy.
Quod se emisse diceret: Überlegungen zu einer Urkunde aus dem antiken London
Authors: Jakab Éva 
Published: August 2024

Summary
In 1996, Roger Tomlin published a document from ancient London (rib ii 2443.19), which contains a professional Latin legal text. It mentions a purchase transaction, but it is not a deed of sale. The expressions used (cum ventum esset, in rem praesentem, se emisse dicetur, testatus est se) rather indicate an extrajudicial, pre-trial context. The interpretation proposed here builds on the results of recent research in Roman law of procedure. Several indications suggest that the tabula records a preparatory act for future trial between the protagonists: Bellicus (the pursuer) bindingly declares that he is ready to take an extrajudicial oath concerning a contract of sale with his opponent, about this he can produce no other evidence.
Donationem non facit? Donations to people in potestate of the donor in Roman law
Authors: Curir Daniele 
Published: August 2024

Summary
The paper focuses on the phenomenon of donation to people in potestate of the donor. Even though this kind of donation was an old practice in Roman society, classical jurisprudence considered it void due to the lack of legal capacity of the people alieni iuris. However, we can see that beginning from the Severian age, the jurists and then the imperial chancery gradually stated the validity of these acts of liberality, contingent upon certain conditions primarily based on the donor’s voluntas. The analysis of responsa and rescripta related to this subject highlights how this concessio worked under a juridical point of view, along with its progression. Finally, it is highlighted how this interpretatio was part of a broader phenomenon occurring in the 3rd century a.d. and aimed to value the donor’s voluntas.
What is the Relation between Chemosensory Perception and Chemosensory Mental Imagery?
Authors: Spence Charles 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The study of chemosensory mental imagery is undoubtedly made more difficult because of the profound individual differences that have been reported in the vividness of (e.g.) olfactory mental imagery. At the same time, the majority of those researchers who have attempted to study people’s mental imagery abilities for taste (gustation) have actually mostly been studying flavour mental imagery. Nevertheless, there exists a body of human psychophysical research showing that chemosensory mental imagery exhibits a number of similarities with chemosensory perception. Furthermore, the two systems have frequently been shown to interact with one another, the similarities and differences between chemosensory perception and chemosensory mental imagery at the introspective, behavioural, psychophysical, and cognitive neuroscience levels in humans are considered in this narrative historical review. The latest neuroimaging evidence show that many of the same brain areas are engaged by chemosensory mental imagery as have previously been documented to be involved in chemosensory perception. That said, the pattern of neural connectively is reversed between the ‘top-down’ control of chemosensory mental imagery and the ‘bottom-up’ control seen in the case of chemosensory perception. At the same time, however, there remain a number of intriguing questions as to whether it is even possible to distinguish between orthonasal and retronasal olfactory mental imagery, and the extent to which mental imagery for flavour, which most people not only describe as, but also perceive to be, the ‘taste’ of food and drink, is capable of reactivating the entire flavour network in the human brain.
The Omani Mosques and the Mosque Unearthed by the Italian Archaeological Mission at Ẓafār/al-Balīd, in the Dhofar Region
Authors: Giunta Roberta 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The article provides a brief overview of the Omani mosques that the Italian archaeologist P.M. Costa classified into two groups in the 1970s based on their floor plans, architectural features, and decorative elements: those from the northern inland regions and those situated along the Indian Ocean coast. A new mosque recently brought to light by the Italian Archaeological Mission to al-Balīd of the University of Naples L’Orientale belongs to this second group.
Years of Untying Knots
Authors: Shukaitis Stevphen 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This article explores the work of Gee Vaucher. Vaucher is best known for her work with the band Crass but has an extensive range of work from the 1960s until the present. The article delves into Vaucher’s relationship with surrealism, through her project A Week of Knots (2013–2022). In this project, Vaucher uses the psychoanalytic insights of R.D. Laing to rewrite Max Ernst’s collage novel, Une semaine de bonté. Doing so provides a space for Vaucher to explore the nature of violence, power, and care, among many other aspects. What can we learn from Vaucher’s collaging practice that combines influences from Ernst and Laing? And what can this way of using that backdrop as a kind of collective psychoanalytic tool tell us about the family’s changing nature?
The Development of Simulated Dust-Devil-Like Vortices
Authors: Dahl Johannes M. L. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this study, the cause of rotation in simulated dust-devil-like vortices is investigated. The analysis uses a numerical simulation of an initially resting, dry, atmosphere, in which uniform surface heating leads to the development of a growing convective boundary layer (CBL). As soon as convective mixing sets in, regions of weak vertical vorticity develop at the lowest model level. Using forward trajectories, this vorticity is shown to originate from horizontal baroclinic production and simultaneous reorientation into the vertical within the descending branches of the convective cells. The requirement for vertical vorticity production in the downdraft cells is shown to be a nonaxisymmetric horizontal footprint of the downdraft regions. The resulting vertical vorticity is not initially associated with rotation. However, as the CBL matures, like-signed vortex patches merge, the vertical vorticity magnitude increases due to stretching, and deformation in the vortex patch decreases, leading to the development of vortices. The ultimate origin of the vortices is thus initially horizontal vorticity that has been produced baroclinically and that has subsequently been reoriented into the vertical in sinking air.

Significance Statement
Dust devils are concentrated vortices consisting of rapidly rising buoyant air, which may pose a risk to small aircraft and light structures on the ground. Although these vortices are a common occurrence in convective boundary layers, the origin of the vorticity within these vortices has not yet been fully established. The present study uses a numerical simulation of an evolving convective boundary layer and analyzes air parcel trajectories to identify the origin of vertical vorticity at the surface during dust-devil formation. The work contributes an answer to the long-standing question of what causes dust devils to spin.