bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trade Fairs as an Export Marketing and Research Strategy: Results from a Study of Korean Advanced Machinery Firms
Authors: KALAFSKY RONALD V. , GRESS DOUGLAS R. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractManufacturers pursuing information on potential customers in distant, dynamic markets confront myriad obstacles. To address this, many firms attend international trade fairs in order to market their products, to meet with prospective customers, and to tap into buzz related to potential international opportunities. In many ways, moreover, such exhibitions can serve as short‐term agglomerations of same‐industry activity, particularly important for producer–user interface geared towards innovation. The goal of this paper is to explore how Korean machine tool manufacturers utilise a major global trade show in Seoul to minimise the difficulties associated with accessing a global customer base, inclusive of their activity at this show geared towards innovation. Evidence from firm‐level surveys and interviews suggest that the amount of importance placed on trade fair attendance as part of a firm's internationalisation strategies is related to export growth. Additionally, a new insight generated is that firms that participate in trade shows as part of their innovation process also demonstrate higher rates of export intensity. Finally, we may be witnessing newly discovered, technology‐driven, symbiotic relationships between online portal sites, vendors, and potential customers at these trade fairs, where virtual services are nonetheless augmented by a need for a continued onsite presence at these exhibitions.
Docetaxel‐based chemotherapy as second‐line regimen for advanced thymic carcinoma
Authors: Song Zhengbo , Yu Xinmin , He Chunxiao , Zhang Beibei , Zhang Yiping 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThymic carcinoma is an uncommon neoplasm. The efficacy of second‐line treatment with docetaxel in advanced thymic carcinoma has not been well studied. Therefore, we conducted a review of the efficacy of docetaxel‐based chemotherapy as a second‐line regimen for advanced thymic carcinoma. Fifteen patients with advanced thymic carcinoma who received second‐line chemotherapy with docetaxel singlet or docetaxel/platinum combination chemotherapy regimens were retrospectively reviewed. There were 11 males and four females, with a median age of 53 years. Squamous cell carcinoma was most common (n = 10), followed by undifferentiated carcinoma (n = 4), and small cell carcinoma (n = 1). Eight patients received docetaxel/platinum combination chemotherapy and seven docetaxel mono‐therapy. Four patients showed partial responses, representing a response rate of 26.7%. The median progression‐free survival and overall survival in the 15 patients were 4.0 (2.8–5.2) and 22.0 (14.6–29.4) months, respectively. There was no difference in progression‐free survival between the docetaxel singlet or docetaxel/platinum combination chemotherapy (3.5 months vs. 4.0 months, P = 0.889). A docetaxel‐based regimen could be a potential therapeutic option as a second‐line chemotherapy for advanced thymic carcinoma.
Prevalence of myelinated retinal nerve fibres in adult Indians: the Central India Eye and Medical Study
Authors: Nangia Vinay , Jonas Jost B. , Khare Anshu , Bhate Karishma , Agarwal Shubhra , Panda‐Jonas Songhomitra 
Published: July 2013

Abstract.Purpose: To determine the prevalence of myelinated retinal nerve fibers in the adult Indian population.Methods: The Central India Eye and Medical Study performed in rural Central India included 4711 participants aged 30+ years. The participants underwent a detailed ophthalmic and medical examination.Results: Readable fundus photographs were available for 8645 eyes of 4485 (95.2%) subjects. Myelinated retinal nerve fibers were detected in 52 eyes (46 subjects) with a prevalence rate of 0.58 ± 0.08 per 100 eyes [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.42, 0.74] and 1.03 ± 0.15 per 100 subjects (95%CI: 0.73, 1.32). Prevalence of myelinated retinal nerve fibers was significantly associated hyperopic refractive error (p = 0.008; OR: 1.31; 95%CI: 1.07, 1.59). It was not significantly associated with age (p = 0.11), best corrected visual acuity (logMAR; p = 0.33), intraocular pressure (p = 0.09), amount of nuclear cataract (p = 0.93), optic disc area (p = 0.60), presence of glaucomatous optic nerve atrophy (p = 0.62), and early age‐related macular degeneration (p = 0.53).Conclusions: Myelinated retinal nerve fibers are present in about 10 out of 1000 adult Indians in rural Central India, with a higher prevalence in hyperopic eyes. Prevalence of myelinated retinal nerve fibers was not associated with age, visual acuity, glaucoma and macular degeneration.
Single‐agent lenalidomide is active in patients with relapsed or refractory aggressive non‐Hodgkin lymphoma who received prior stem cell transplantation
Authors: Vose Julie M. , Habermann Thomas M. , Czuczman Myron S. , Zinzani Pier Luigi , Reeder Craig B. , Tuscano Joseph M. , Lossos Izidore S. , Li Ju , Pietronigro Dennis , Witzig Thomas E. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryPatients with aggressive non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) who relapse after autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) have a poor prognosis. Additional therapy is often poorly tolerated, and new treatment modalities are needed. This efficacy and safety study was a retrospective analysis of two phase II trials (NHL‐002 and NHL‐003) that studied single‐agent lenalidomide in patients with relapsed/refractory aggressive NHL with prior (n = 87) compared with no prior ASCT (n = 179). The overall response rate in the ASCT group was 39% [14% complete response (CR)], including 29% in patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma, 63% in mantle cell lymphoma, and 60% in transformed lymphoma. The timing of transplant relative to receiving lenalidomide had no effect on outcomes. Median progression‐free survival for the ASCT group was 3·7 months (16·9 months for patients in CR; 7·3 months for partial responders) at a median 12·5‐month follow‐up. Median response duration was 7·9 months. Regardless of prior ASCT, lenalidomide monotherapy was efficacious in heavily pretreated patients with aggressive, relapsed/refractory NHL, with a safety profile that was consistent with prior studies of single‐agent lenalidomide.
Predictors of coronal caries progression in adults: results from the Prevention of Adult Caries Study
Authors: Singh Mabi , Papas Athena , Vollmer William , Bader James , Laws Reesa , Maupome Gerardo , Snyder John , Blanchard Peter 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectivesThis secondary analysis of data from the Prevention of Adult Caries Study (PACS) assesses risk factors for progression of coronal caries.MethodsParticipants (n = 983) were adults at increased caries risk with at least one cavitated and one noncavitated lesions who were enrolled in a randomized clinical trial to test the effect of a 10% w/v chlorhexidine varnish coating on caries progression. Calibrated examiners scored tooth surfaces using a modified International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) classification at baseline and at 7 and 13 months postrandomization. Potential baseline predictors of caries risk were used in adjusted negative binomial regression models to predict net D2FS increment and in linear regression models to predict the rank‐normalized net D12FS increment.ResultsMean (SD) D2FS and D12FS increments were and 2.4 (3.1) and 2.1 (6.9), respectively. In multivariate analyses, two or more baseline D2 lesions, consumption of acidic drinks, and increasing age were all significantly associated with increased D2FS and D12FS risk. Daily flossing also was associated with increased D2FS risk. More frequent dental care at baseline was associated with significantly decreased caries risk for both increments.ConclusionsThe general concordance of risk factors in the D12FS and D2FS models lends support to the hypothesis that the D1 increment is an intermediate stage in the progression to fully cavitated lesions.
Piezoelectric osteotomy for the placement of titanium implants in rabbits: histomorphometry study
Authors: de Ávila Kfouri Flávio , Duailibi Monica Talarico , Bretos José Luis Gonçalves , Carvalho Aluizio Barbosa , Pallos Debora , Duailibi Silvio Eduardo 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate bone remodeling around dental implants inserted into recipient sites prepared using either the piezoelectric or the conventional drilling technique.Material and MethodsTwenty‐four male New Zealand white rabbits (4 months, 2.70 kg) received dental implants (3.3 mm diameter and 6 mm length) on the medial surface of the tibia and were divided into 3 groups (n = 8). Group I was euthanized at 7 days; group II, at 14; and group III, at 28 days. Each animal received four implants, two in the right and two in the left tibia (96 implants were installed). Each tibia was operated by the same technique, and there are therefore neighbor's implants installed by different techniques. Histomorphometric parameters were used: the volume occupied by trabecular bone around the implants (BV/TV), media thickness, separation and number of trabeculae around the loops, and the contact area (interface) directly between the bone and implant (BIC).ResultsBV/TV was similar for both techniques (P = 0.291). Reduction in trabecular thickness was observed for both techniques (P < 0.05), but then returned to prior levels, with no significant difference between techniques (P = 0.217). Trabecular number increased from day 7 to day 14 (P < 0.001) and remained constant afterward for both techniques. No difference in BIC was observed between techniques on day 28 (P = 0.961).ConclusionsPiezoelectric osteotomy allowed bone formation for osseointegration of titanium implants, was not associated with bone necrosis, and provided results similar to those of the conventional technique. The piezoelectric technique can be considered a viable alternative in dental implantology.
Anthropogenic modulators of species–area relationships in Neotropical primates: a continental‐scale analysis of fragmented forest landscapes
Authors: Benchimol Maíra , Peres Carlos A. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimWe conducted the first comprehensive quantitative review on the effects of habitat fragmentation on Neotropical primates to examine how both patch disturbance and landscape variables modulate species–area relationships (SARs) and species persistence in fragmented forest landscapes.LocationNeotropical forests, from Mexico to Argentina.MethodsWe use species occupancy data from 705 forest fragments and 55 adjacent continuous forests nested within 61 landscapes, which we compiled from 96 studies reporting data on patch‐scale species composition and patch size/location. Presence–absence data on 19 species functional groups and an index of hunting pressure and matrix type were assigned to each forest patch. We adopted a multilevel analysis, examining SARs and patterns of species retention coupled with the additive effects of hunting pressure and landscape connectivity both across all forest patches and 728 sites nested within 38 landscapes containing four or more sites.ResultsWe uncovered a consistent effect of patch area in explaining primate species richness. Over and above area effects, however, SARs were strongly modulated by levels of hunting pressure at the landscape scale in predicting species occurrence and aggregate assemblage biomass. Matrix type was also a good predictor of both extant species richness and aggregate biomass when only non‐hunted sites were considered, with patches in more permeable matrices containing more species.Main conclusionsAlthough the importance of patch area in predicting species persistence is undeniable, we found that SARs were clearly affected by within‐patch human exploitation of increasingly isolated primate populations. Both expanding the number of forest reserves and enforcing protection within nominal protected areas are therefore required to ensure the long‐term persistence of full primate assemblages. We highlight the importance of considering multiple anthropogenic effects in assessing the synergistic effects of land use to explain patterns of species persistence in fragmented tropical forest landscapes.
A retrospective study of traumatic dental injuries
Authors: Atabek Didem , Alaçam Alev , Aydintuğ Itır , Konakoğlu Gonca 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimThe prognosis of dental trauma cases varies depending on the time elapsed after the trauma before treatment started. The aim of this study was to examine epidemiological and dental data from traumatic injuries to primary and permanent teeth during the period from 2005 to 2010.Material and methodsThe examinations aimed to determine the age and sex distributions of patients, the causes of tooth injury, the type of teeth injured, the monthly distribution of the trauma, the time elapsed between injury and treatment, and the classification of the traumatized teeth and their treatments.ResultsThe dental trauma records of patients with an average age of 9 years, including 120 girls (35.3%) and 220 boys (64.7%), were evaluated. The most commonly affected teeth were the maxillary central incisors (66.24%). The main cause was falls (70.1%). In primary dentition, subluxation (36.4%) was observed in the highest percentage of injured teeth, and in permanent dentition, the most common observation was uncomplicated crown fractures (44.9%). Only 18 patients (2.9%) were referred to the clinic within 1 h following the injury. The most frequent treatment for primary teeth was examination and follow up (63.9%). Restoration with composite resin (26.3%) and root canal treatment (28.6%) were the most common procedures for permanent teeth.ConclusionIt was revealed that although the most frequent type of injury in permanent dentition was uncomplicated crown fracture, the root canal treatment was the most common treatment in permanent dentition. This finding suggests that when the checkup time after the injury was delayed, the pulp could lost vitality. This finding reveals that it is important to inform the parents about dental trauma and the importance of bringing their children fast to a dentist in trauma cases.
Detection and molecular characterisation of equine infectious anaemia virus from field outbreaks in Slovenia
Authors: Kuhar U. , Završnik J. , Toplak I. , Malovrh T. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryReasons for performing this studyIn 2009, a surprisingly high number of animals seropositive for equine infectious anaemia virus (EIAV; 26 horses from 13 farms) were detected in Slovenia.ObjectivesTo develop a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the detection of the proviral nucleic acid, to phylogenetically characterise the Slovenian EIAV strains and to investigate whether transmission in utero occurred.Study designCross‐sectional clinical study.MethodsIn total, 26 horses (including 2 foals and 4 pregnant mares) and 4 fetuses were examined in this study. A PCR assay using the EIAV F1 and EIAV R1 primers was designed and tested using genomic DNA extracted from 28 spleen samples, 18 whole blood samples and 17 peripheral blood leucocyte samples. Amplicons of 22 PCRs obtained from the spleen samples were subjected to direct DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis.ResultsAll spleen samples from 22 adult animals were positive for EIAV by PCR, whereas whole blood and the peripheral blood leucocyte samples were positive from only 4 animals. Spleen samples from foals and fetuses were negative by PCR. The Slovenian EIAV sequences could be mapped to 9 different branches of the phylogenetic tree.ConclusionsThe PCR was able to detect different EIAV strains from spleen samples of seropositive animals detected in Slovenia. Phylogenetic analysis revealed high genetic diversity of the EIAV strains detected in Slovenia, with their closest relatives being European strains. In utero transmission in pregnant mares did not occur.
Trotline efficiencies and catch rates in a large river
Authors: Steffensen K. D. , Eder B. L. , Pegg M. A. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractTrotlines have proved to be an effective collection method for riverine fish species, but an understanding of the interaction between fish and gear post‐deployment is lacking. The objectives of this study were to use trotlines rigged with hook timers that record the time when fish are hooked to determine the activation rate of hook timers, to determine the retention rate of fish on trot lines, to document hourly catch rates and to document whether hooking duration causes stress or mortality. Four thousand hook timers were deployed in an 80.5 rkm reach of the Missouri River during April 2011, resulting in a mean catch rate of 14.6 fish per line, while 3.1 timers per line were activated but did not capture a fish. Over half of all fish were captured within 4 h post‐deployment. Stress and mortality associated with trotlines did not appear to be related to hooking duration. This study showed that hourly catch rates and retention rates can be ascertained from the use of trotlines rigged with hook timers. Information gathered from this study and further investigation with hook timers could aid in targeting specific time of day and set duration to collect river fish more efficiently, especially sturgeons, Scaphirhynchus species.
Zircon‐bearing, crystallized melt inclusions in peritectic garnet from the western Adirondack Mountains, New York State, USA
Authors: Darling R. S. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractCrystallized melt inclusions (MI) occur in garnet from metapelitic gneiss extracted from a hydroelectric plant on the Black River at Port Leyden, NY (western Adirondack Highlands). The garnet host grains are small (0.5–1.0 mm), euhedral neoblasts that formed peritectically during biotite melting accompanying the Ottawan phase of the Grenville Orogeny. The crystallized MI are typically 10–25 μm in diameter and occur randomly in garnet. Nearly all of the crystallized MI observed contain a relatively large (3–15 μm), often euhedral, zircon grain surrounded by finer‐grained (some <1 μm) phases with energy dispersive X‐ray spectra consistent with biotite, K‐feldspar, quartz, and albite. The inclusions are similar in size and composition to those described in garnet from other migmatites and are similarly interpreted as crystallized anatectic melt. Low Zr solubility in silicate melt indicates that the large zircon grain in each inclusion must be a trapped solid. It is inferred that micrometer‐scale droplets of anatectic melt chemically adhered to occluded zircon grains in biotite while peritectic garnet grew around them.
Pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety of BAX326, a novel recombinant factor IX: a prospective, controlled, multicentre phase I/III study in previously treated patients with severe (FIX level <1%) or moderately severe (FIX level ≤2%) haemophilia B
Authors: Windyga J. , Lissitchkov T. , Stasyshyn O. , Mamonov V. , Rusen L. , Lamas J. L. , Oh M.‐S. , Chapman M. , Fritsch S. , Pavlova B. G. , Wong W.‐Y. , Abbuehl B. E. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryBAX326 is a recombinant factor IX (rFIX; nonacog gamma) manufactured without the addition of any materials of human or animal origin, and with two viral inactivation steps (solvent/detergent treatment and 15 nm nanofiltration). The aim of this prospective trial was to investigate the pharmacokinetics, haemostatic efficacy and safety of BAX326 in previously treated patients aged 12–65 years with severe or moderately severe haemophilia B. BAX326 was safe and well tolerated in all 73 treated subjects; adverse events considered related to treatment (2.7% incidence, all non‐serious) were transient and mild, and no hypersensitivity reactions, inhibitor formation or thrombotic events were observed. Pharmacokinetic (PK) equivalence (n = 28) between BAX326 and a licensed rFIX was confirmed in terms of the ratio of geometric mean AUC0–72 h per dose. Twice‐weekly prophylaxis [mean duration 6.2 (±0.7) months; 1.8 (±0.1) infusions per week, 49.5 (±4.8) IU kg−1 per infusion] was effective in preventing bleeding episodes, with a significantly lower (79%, P < 0.001) annualized bleed rate (4.2) compared to an on‐demand treatment in a historical control group (20.0); 24 of 56 subjects on prophylaxis (43%) did not bleed throughout the study observation period. Of 249 total acute bleeds, 211 (84.7%) were controlled with one to two infusions of BAX326. Haemostatic efficacy at resolution of bleed was rated excellent or good in 96.0% of all treated bleeding episodes. The results of this study indicate that BAX326 is safe and efficacious in treating bleeds and routine prophylaxis in patients aged 12 years and older with haemophilia B.
Outcomes and predictors of microvascular invasion of solitary hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Hirokawa Fumitoshi , Hayashi Michihiro , Miyamoto Yoshiharu , Asakuma Mitsuhiro , Shimizu Tetsunosuke , Komeda Koji , Inoue Yoshihiro , Uchiyama Kazuhisa 
Published: July 2013

AimMicrovascular invasion (MVI) is an important risk factor for early recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but preoperative prediction of MVI is difficult.MethodsA retrospective review was undertaken on 167 patients with primary solitary HCC who underwent initial hepatectomy. Independent predictors of MVI were identified, and factors affecting disease‐free survival in patients with MVI were clarified.ResultsOf the 167 patients, 20 patients (12%) had MVI. Recurrence rates of HCC after hepatectomy in MVI patients were significantly worse than in patients without MVI (P < 0.0361). Univariate analysis revealed that positive L3‐AFP, PIVKA‐II ≥ 150 mAU/mL and tumor size ≥3 cm preoperatively were associated with positive MVI. On multivariate analysis, independent predictors of MVI were PIVKA‐II ≥ 150 mAU/mL (odds ratio [OR], 5.19; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.44–24.87; P = 0.0109) and positive L3‐AFP (OR, 3.47; 95% CI, 1.19–10.75; P = 0.0229). Among the MVI‐positive group, the 1‐, 2‐ and 3‐year disease‐free survival rates were 78%, 58%, and 58% in patients with surgical margin (SM) ≥ 10 mm and 38%, 29%, and 29% in those with SM < 10 mm, respectively (P = 0.0263).ConclusionsPatients with PIVKA‐II ≥ 150 mAU/mL and positive L3‐AFP on preoperative examination are at high risk for MVI.
Augmented hepatic Toll‐like receptors by fatty acids trigger the pro‐inflammatory state of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice
Authors: Sawada Koji , Ohtake Takaaki , Hasebe Takumu , Abe Masami , Tanaka Hiroki , Ikuta Katsuya , Suzuki Yasuaki , Fujiya Mikihiro , Hasebe Chitomi , Kohgo Yutaka 
Published: July 2013

AimThere is considerable evidence that intestinal microbiota are involved in the development of metabolic syndromes and, consequently, with the development of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are essential for the recognition of microbiota. However, the induction mechanism of TLR signals through the gut‐liver axis for triggering the development of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) or NAFLD remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of palmitic acid (PA) in triggering the development of a pro‐inflammatory state of NAFLD.MethodsNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease was induced in mice fed a high fat diet (HFD). The mice were killed and the expression of TLRs, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)‐1β, and phospho‐interleukin‐1 receptor‐associated kinase 1 in the liver and small intestine were assessed. In addition, primary hepatocytes and Kupffer cells were treated with PA, and the direct effects of PA on TLRs induction by these cells were evaluated.ResultsThe expression of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF, IL‐1β, and TLR‐2, ‐4, ‐5, and ‐9 was increased in the liver, but decreased in the small intestine of HFD‐fed mice in vivo. In addition, the expression of TLRs in primary hepatocytes and Kupffer cells was increased by treatment with PA.ConclusionIn the development of the pro‐inflammatory state of NAFLD, PA triggers the expression of TLRs, which contribute to the induction of inflammatory cytokines through TLR signals by intestinal microbiota.