bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contribution of Urban Water Supply to Greenhouse Gas Emissions in China
Authors: Smith Kate , Liu Shuming , Chang Tian 
Published: June 2015

SummaryGreenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from energy use in the water sector in China have not received the same attention as emissions from other sectors, but interest in this area is growing. This study uses 2011 data to investigate GHG emissions from electricity use for urban water supply in China. The objective is to measure the climate cobenefit of water conservation, compare China with other areas on a number of emissions indicators, and assist in development of policy that promotes low‐emission water supply. Per capita and per unit GHG emissions for water supplied to urban areas in China in 2011 were 24.5 kilograms carbon dioxide equivalent (kg CO2‐eq) per capita per year and 0.213 kg CO2‐eq per cubic meter, respectively. Comparison of provinces within China revealed that GHG emissions for urban water supply as a percentage of total province‐wide emissions from electricity use correlate directly with the rate of leakage and water loss within the water distribution system. This highlights controlling leakage as a possible means of reducing the contribution of urban water supply to GHG emissions. An inverse correlation was established between GHG emissions per unit water and average per capita daily water use, which implies that water demand tends to be higher when per unit emissions are lower. China's high emission factor for electricity generation inflates emissions for urban water supply. Shifting from emissions‐intensive electricity sources is crucial to reducing emissions in the water supply sector.
Self‐perceived health versus actual cardiovascular disease risks
Authors: Ko Young , Boo Sunjoo 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimSelf‐perceived poor health is related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk perception, cardiovascular event, hospital readmission, and death from CVD. This study evaluated the associations between self‐perceived health and actual CVD risk in South Koreans as well as the influence of sociodemographic and cardiovascular risk factors on self‐perceived poor health.MethodsThis is a secondary data analysis of the 2010 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The sample was 4535 South Koreans aged 30–74 years without CVD. Self‐perceived health status was compared with actual cardiovascular risk separately by sex using χ2‐tests. Logistic regressions were used to identify potential sociodemographic and cardiovascular risk factors of self‐perceived poor health.ResultsSelf‐perceived poor health was related to higher CVD risk but there were substantial gaps between them. Among cardiovascular risk factors, dyslipidemia, obesity, smoking, and a family history of CVD did not affect self‐perceived health.ConclusionGaps between perceived health and actual CVD risk should be closed to optimize cardiovascular health of South Koreans. Koreans need to increase risk perception to a level commensurate with their actual risk. Healthcare providers should try to provide individuals at increased CVD risk with better information more frequently, especially those who have favorable perceptions of their health but smoke or have elevated cholesterol levels and bodyweight.
Predictors of hepatitis A vaccine coverage among university students in Korea
Authors: Park Seungmi , Choi Jeong Sil 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimTo investigate the status of hepatitis A vaccination, knowledge, and health beliefs among university students in Korea and identify factors influencing their hepatitis A vaccination rate.MethodsA self‐reporting survey was conducted with 367 university students in Korea via descriptive survey. Data were collected on demographics, status of hepatitis A vaccination, knowledge, and health beliefs.ResultsThe hepatitis A vaccination rate was 23.4%. The hepatitis A vaccination rate was significantly higher in those who had a general awareness about the hepatitis A (odds ratio [OR] = 3.56, P = 0.003), those with some overseas travel experience (OR = 2.64, P = 0.025), those perceiving the benefits of hepatitis A vaccination (OR = 1.66, P = 0.023), and those perceiving barriers (inversed) to hepatitis A vaccination (OR = 1.95, P = 0.011).ConclusionTo promote hepatitis A vaccination among university students, information and education should be provided to improve their health beliefs. In addition, this demographic should be a major target population for hepatitis A vaccination. This study's results suggest that the development of national promotional campaigns and hepatitis A vaccination programs based on predictors of the vaccination rate are needed.
STRATIGRAPHY AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY OF THE CROATIAN PART OF THE ADRIATIC BASIN
Authors: Velić J. , Malvić T. , Cvetković M. , Velić I. 
Published: June 2015

Coastal parts of Croatia are dominated by the SW‐verging Dinaric foldbelt, to the west and SW of which is the Adriatic Basin (the stable foreland). In both areas, the stratigraphic column is dominated by a thick carbonate succession ranging from Carboniferous to Miocene. Four megasequences have been identified: (i) a pre‐platform succession ranging in age from Late Carboniferous (Middle Pennsylvanian: Moscovian) to Early Jurassic (Early Toarcian; Brušane and Baške Ostarije Formations); (ii) an Early Jurassic to Late Cretaceous platform megasequence (Mali Alan Formation); (iii) a Paleogene to Neogene post‐platform megasequence (Raša Formation); and (iv) a Neogene to Quaternary (Pliocene to Holocene) megasequence (Istra and Ivana Formations).A number of organic‐rich intervals with source rock potential have been identified on‐ and offshore Croatia: Middle and Upper Carboniferous, Upper Permian, Lower and Middle Triassic, Lower and Upper Jurassic, Lower and Upper Cretaceous, Eocene, and Pliocene – Pleistocene. Traps and potential plays have been identified from seismic data in the Dinaric belt and adjacent foreland. Evaporites of Permian, Triassic and Neogene (Messinian) ages form potential regional seals, and carbonates with secondary porosity form potential reservoirs. Oil and gas shows in wells in the Croatian part of the Adriatic Basin have been recorded but no oil accumulations of commercial value have yet been discovered.In the northern Adriatic offshore Croatia, Pliocene hemi‐pelagic marlstones and shales include source rocks which produce commercial volumes of biogenic gas. The gas is reservoired in unconsolidated sands of the Pleistocene Ivana Formation.
Clitorodynia: A Descriptive Study of Clitoral Pain
Authors: Parada Mayte , D'Amours Tanya , Amsel Rhonda , Pink Leah , Gordon Allan , Binik Yitzchak M. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Clitorodynia is classified as a type of localized vulvodynia. Our knowledge of this problem is limited to case studies and one published report.

Aims
The objective of the present study was to describe quantitatively the clinical characteristics of clitoral pain, to assess interference with sexual function, and to investigate whether clitoral pain is a unitary category.

Methods
One hundred twenty-six women with clitoral pain completed an online questionnaire that assessed demographic information, descriptive pain characteristics, intensity and impact on daily activities, sexual function, and gynecological and medical histories.

Main Outcome Measures
The main outcome measures used for the study are the following: clitoral pain characteristics (e.g., intensity, duration, quality, distress, etc.), short-form McGill pain questionnaire-2, and the female sexual function index.

Results
Clitoral pain is characterized by frequent and intense pain episodes that can either be provoked or unprovoked, and causes significant impairment in both daily and sexual function. The pain can be localized to the clitoris only or can occur with other genital pain. Comorbidity with other chronic pain disorders is common. A cluster analysis suggested two distinct patterns of clitoral pain, one localized and one generalized.

Conclusion
Our findings indicate that women with clitoral pain suffer from significant, distressing, and often long-term pain, which interferes with sexual and daily activities. Two subtypes of clitoral pain may exist, each with distinct pain characteristics and subjective experiences.
Salinity tolerance of crops – what is the cost?
Authors: Munns Rana , Gilliham Matthew 
Published: June 2015

SummarySoil salinity reduces crop yield. The extent and severity of salt‐affected agricultural land is predicted to worsen as a result of inadequate drainage of irrigated land, rising water tables and global warming. The growth and yield of most plant species are adversely affected by soil salinity, but varied adaptations can allow some crop cultivars to continue to grow and produce a harvestable yield under moderate soil salinity. Significant costs are associated with saline soils: the economic costs to the farming community and the energy costs of plant adaptations. We briefly consider mechanisms of adaptation and highlight recent research examples through a lens of their applicability to improving the energy efficiency of crops under saline field conditions.

Contents

Summary
668

I.
Soil salinity and its economic costs

668

II.
Mechanisms of plant adaptation to saline soil and potential energy costs

668

III.
New insights into salinity tolerance mechanisms

670

IV.
Better yield under nonsaline conditions equals better salt tolerance?

671

V.
What does the future hold for stress tolerance research?

672

Acknowledgements

672

References

672
The Need for Cultural Safety in Injury Prevention
Authors: Giles Audrey R. , Hognestad Sarah , Brooks Lauren A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPublic health nurses are on the front line of injury prevention initiatives. However, within injury prevention interventions and research, issues pertaining to culture are often addressed through the employment of one of the three approaches: cultural competency, cultural appropriateness, and/or cultural sensitivity. When using these approaches, it is often suggested that it is only those who are the recipients of an intervention or the focus of research that “have” culture. The injury prevention designer's/provider's/researcher's own culture, as well as the ways in which it may influence the interventions or research, is typically rendered invisible. In this paper, we provide an overview and illustrations of the use of cultural competency, cultural appropriateness, and cultural sensitivity in injury prevention initiatives, as well as each approach's shortcomings. We then introduce cultural safety, an approach that has not yet gained traction in injury prevention but has had significant uptake within nursing in general, and argue that it has the potential to overcome many other approaches' shortcomings and thus may lead to more effective and socially just injury prevention initiatives.
Motivational Factors Predict Weight Loss in Rural Adults
Authors: Reed Jill R. , Yates Bernice C. , Houfek Julia , Briner Wayne , Schmid Kendra K. , Pullen Carol H. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe objective was to: (a) describe the changes over time in motivational factors of weight loss and (b) to examine predictors of weight loss in rural adults enrolled in a weight loss program.Design and SampleA longitudinal study was conducted in a convenience sample of 50 adults recruited from a rural Young Men's Christian Association.MeasuresQuestionnaires were completed at baseline (preprogram), 1, 2 and 3 months (end of program).ResultsMean age was 42.4 (SD ± 11.8); 84% were female and mean BMI was 32.9 (SD ± 4.3). Individuals lost an average of 12.1 pounds. Barriers to healthy eating decreased significantly over time (p < .001). Significant predictors of weight loss included gender (β = .501, p < .001), and the amount of change between baseline and 3 months in controlled regulation (β = .270, p < .05), barriers to healthy eating (β = −0.225, p < .05), and physical activity (β = .238, p < .05) explaining 45% of the variance (F[(8, 41] = 5.92, p < .001) in weight loss.ConclusionsRural adults were more likely to lose weight if they had higher levels of controlled regulation, if barriers were reduced, and if physical activity levels increased during the 3‐month weight loss program.
Impact of Substituents in Tumor Uptake and Fluorescence Imaging Ability of Near‐Infrared Cyanine‐like Dyes
Authors: Patel Nayan J. , Manivannan Ethirajan , Joshi Penny , Ohulchanskyy Tymish J. , Nani Roger R. , Schnermann Martin J. , Pandey Ravindra K. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis report presents a simple strategy to introduce various functionalities in a cyanine dye (bis‐indole‐N‐butylsulfonate‐polymethine bearing a fused cyclic chloro‐cyclohexene ring structure), and assess the impact of these substitutions in tumor uptake, retention and imaging. The results obtained from the structural activity relationship (SAR) study demonstrate that certain structural features introduced in the cyanine dye moiety make a remarkable difference in tumor avidity. Among the compounds investigated, the symmetrical CDs containing an amino‐phenyl thioether group attached to a cyclohexene ring system and the two N‐butyl linkers with terminal sulfonate groups in benzoindole moieties exhibited excellent tumor imaging ability in BALB/c mice bearing Colon26 tumors. Compared to indocyanine green (ICG), approved by FDA as a blood pooling agent, which has also been investigated for the use in tumor imaging, the modified CD selected on the basis of SAR study produced enhanced uptake and longer retention in tumor(s). A facile approach reported herein for introducing a variety of functionalities in tumor‐avid CD provides an opportunity to create multi‐imaging modality agent(s). Using a combination of mass spectrometry and absorbance techniques, the photobleaching of one of the CDs was analyzed and significant regioselective photooxidation was observed.
Comparative Study of Laser Doppler Vibrometer and Capacitive Air‐coupled Transducer for Ultrasonic Propagation Imager and the New Development of an Efficient Ultrasonic Wavenumber Imaging Algorithm
Authors: Truong C. T. , Kang D.‐H. , Lee J.‐R. , Farrar C. R. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractDamage detection techniques using guided waves have been studied for decades with very few successful real‐world applications. The recent development with the full wavefield technique using the Ultrasonic Propagation Imager (UPI) is one of those few exceptions. In this paper, we study two non‐contact sensors: the laser Doppler vibrometer and the capacitive air‐coupled transducer in the context as the sensing modules for the UPI. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive study for optimisation of the two sensors, as well as a comparison between them for use in the UPI. First, the parameters for laser ultrasonic measurement of each sensor were studied: surface treatment, measurement angle and stand‐off distance in the case of the laser Doppler vibrometer and measurement angle, lift‐off distance and bias voltage in the case of the capacitive air‐coupled transducer. Two optimised sensors were then compared in terms of their ability to detect damages using the UPI. Also, in this paper, we presented the ultrasonic wavenumber imaging (UWI) algorithm with the new development towards an efficient implementation. The uniqueness of the UWI algorithm with the capability of damage size estimation makes this algorithm very attractive for the future study with full wavefield signal processing.
A genetic coding variant rs72474224 in GJB2 is associated with clinical features of psoriasis vulgaris in a Chinese Han population
Authors: Yao F. , Yue M. , Zhang C. , Zuo X. , Zheng X. , Zhang A. , Wang Z. , Liu S. , Li H. , Meng L. , Zeng M. , Fan X. , Sun L. , Zhang X. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractOur recent targeted sequencing study identified a missense single‐nucleotide polymorphism rs72474224 (c.324C>T) in GJB2. To investigate the correlation between rs72474224 (c.324C>T) and subphenotypes of psoriasis, genotype data for rs72474224 (c.324C>T, p.Val37Ile) was analyzed in 9946 cases and 9906 controls. The additive model provided the best fit for rs72474224 (P = 7.34 × 10−9). The genotypic and allelic frequency distributions were associated with plaque psoriasis in case‐only (Pgenotype = 2.67 × 10−3, Pallele = 6.22 × 10−4) and subphenotype‐control (Pgenotype = 1.58 × 10−11, Pallele = 8.16 × 10−12) analyses. No other significant difference was found in case‐only analyses. Rs72474224 in GJB2 is preferentially associated with plaque psoriasis in Chinese population and might contribute to the complexity of psoriasis clinical features.
Evaluating Lost Person Behavior Models
Authors: Sava Elena , Twardy Charles , Koester Robert , Sonwalkar Mukul 
Published: June 2015

AbstractUS wilderness search and rescue consumes thousands of person‐hours and millions of dollars annually. Timeliness is critical: the probability of success decreases substantially after 24 hours. Although over 90% of searches are quickly resolved by standard “reflex” tasks, the remainder require and reward intensive planning. Planning begins with a probability map showing where the lost person is likely to be found. The MapScore project described here provides a way to evaluate probability maps using actual historical searches. In this work we generated probability maps the Euclidean distance tables in (Koester ), and using Doke's () watershed model. Watershed boundaries follow high terrain and may better reflect actual barriers to travel. We also created a third model using the joint distribution using Euclidean and watershed features. On a metric where random maps score 0 and perfect maps score 1, the Euclidean distance model scored 0.78 (95%CI: 0.74–0.82, on 376 cases). The simple watershed model by itself was clearly inferior at 0.61, but the Combined model was slightly better at 0.81 (95%CI: 0.77–0.84).
Biologic variability in NT‐proBNP and cardiac troponin‐I in healthy dogs and dogs with mitral valve degeneration
Authors: Ruaux Craig , Scollan Katherine , Suchodolski Jan S. , Steiner Jörg M. , Sisson D. David 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundThe N‐terminal fragment of the prohormone B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) and cardiac troponin‐I are candidate biomarkers for cardiac disease in dogs. The degree of biologic variation in these biomarkers has not previously been reported in healthy dogs or dogs with mitral regurgitation.ObjectivesThe purpose of the study was to derive estimates of intrinsic biologic variability and reference change values for NT‐proBNP and cardiac troponin‐I in healthy dogs and dogs with mitral regurgitation grade IB and II according to the International Small Animal Cardiac Health Council (ISACHC) grading system.MethodsPlasma and sera were collected weekly for up to 7 weeks from 12 control dogs and 9 dogs with mitral regurgitation. NT‐proBNP and troponin‐I (C‐TnI) concentrations were determined. Indices of biologic variation such as reciprocal index of individuality (r‐IoI) and reference change values (RCV) were calculated in both the groups.ResultsIndividuality was high in control dogs and dogs with grade IB and II mitral valve regurgitation for both C‐TnI (r‐IoI 1.6 and 2) and NT‐proBNP (1.5 and 2.7), while the 2‐sided RCV for NT‐proBNP was significantly lower in dogs with mitral regurgitation (52.5% vs 99.4%, P<0.01.).ConclusionsHigh individuality of these cardiac biomarkers suggests that, following diagnosis, these assays are best interpreted by serial determination in individual canine patients rather than by comparison to a population‐based reference interval. The smaller RCV values for dogs with mitral regurgitation suggest that smaller relative changes in NT‐proBNP are clinically meaningful in these patients.
Ion channel and lipid scramblase activity associated with expression of TMEM16F/ANO6 isoforms
Authors: Scudieri Paolo , Caci Emanuela , Venturini Arianna , Sondo Elvira , Pianigiani Giulia , Marchetti Carla , Ravazzolo Roberto , Pagani Franco , Galietta Luis J. V. 
Published: June 2015

Key points
TMEM16F is a membrane protein with possible dual function as an ion channel and a phospholipid scramblase.
The properties of ion channels associated with TMEM16F and the link between ion channel and scramblase activity are a matter of debate.
We studied the properties of four isoforms of TMEM16F generated by alternative splicing.
Upregulation of three TMEM16F isoforms or silencing of endogenous TMEM16F increased and decreased, respectively, both scramblase and channel activities.
Introduction of an activating mutation in TMEM16F sequence caused a marked increase in phosphatidylserine scrambling and in ion transport indicating direct involvement of the protein in both functions.
AbstractTMEM16F, also known as ANO6, is a membrane protein that has been associated with phospholipid scramblase and ion channel activity. However, the characteristics of TMEM16F‐dependent channels, particularly the ion selectivity, are a matter of debate. Furthermore, the direct involvement of TMEM16F in phospholipid scrambling has been questioned. We studied the properties of different TMEM16F variants generated by alternative splicing. Using whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings, we found that V1, V2 and V5 variants generated membrane currents activated by very high (micromolar) intracellular Ca2+ concentrations and positive membrane potentials. These variants showed different degrees of Ca2+ sensitivity and kinetics of activation but similar ion permeability, characterized by a slight selectivity for Cl− over Na+. A fourth variant (V3) showing a unique carboxy‐terminus was devoid of activity, in agreement with its intracellular localization. We also measured scramblase activity using the binding of annexin V to detect phosphatidylserine on the cell surface. V1, V2 and V5 variants were associated with calcium‐dependent phosphatidylserine externalization. Interestingly, introduction of an activating mutation, D409G, produced a marked increase in the apparent Ca2+ sensitivity of TMEM16F‐dependent channels. In parallel, this mutation also enhanced the extent of phosphatidylserine externalization that occurred even under resting conditions. These results support the conclusion that TMEM16F proteins are directly involved in dual activity, as a phospholipid scramblase and as an ion channel.
Assessing Shortened Field-Based Heart-Rate-Variability-Data Acquisition in Team-Sport Athletes
Authors: Pereira Lucas A. , Flatt Andrew A. , Ramirez-Campillo Rodrigo , Loturco Irineu , Nakamura Fabio Y. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose:To compare the LnRMSSD and the LnRMSSD:RR values obtained during a 5-min stabilization period with the subsequent 5-min criterion period and to determine the time course for LnRMSSD and LnRMSSD:RR stabilization at 1-min analysis in elite team-sport athletes.Participants:35 elite futsal players (23.9 ± 4.5 y, 174.2 ± 4.0 cm, 74.0 ± 7.5 kg, 1576.2 ± 396.3 m in the Yo-Yo test level 1).Methods:The RR-interval recordings were obtained using a portable heart-rate monitor continuously for 10 min in the seated position. The 2 dependent variables analyzed were LnRMSSD and LnRMSSD:RR. To calculate the magnitude of the differences between time periods, effect-size (ES) analysis was conducted. To assess the levels of agreement, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and Bland-Altman plots were used.Results:The LnRMSSD and LnRMSSD:RR values obtained during the stabilization period (0–5 min) presented very large to nearly perfect ICCs with the values obtained during the criterion period (5–10 min), with trivial ESs. In the ultra-short-term analysis (ie, 1-min segments) the data showed slightly less accurate results, but only trivial to small differences with very large to nearly perfect ICCs were found.Conclusion:LnRMSSD and LnRMSSD:RR can be recorded in 5 min without traditional stabilization periods under resting conditions in team-sport athletes. The ultra-short-term analysis (1 min) also revealed acceptable levels of agreement with the criterion.