bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lockless multi-core high-throughput buffering scheme for kernel tracing
Authors: Desnoyers Mathieu , Dagenais Michel R. 
Published: January 2013

Studying execution of concurrent real-time online systems, to identify far-reaching and hard to reproduce latency and performance problems, requires a mechanism able to cope with voluminous information extracted from execution traces. Furthermore, the workload must not be disturbed by tracing, thereby causing the problematic behavior to become unreproducible.
In order to satisfy this low-disturbance constraint, we created the LTTng kernel tracer. It is designed to enable safe and race-free attachment of probes virtually anywhere in the operating system, including sites executed in non-maskable interrupt context.
In addition to being reentrant with respect to all kernel execution contexts, LTTng offers good performance and scalability, mainly due to its use of per-CPU data structures, local atomic operations as main buffer synchronization primitive, and RCU (Read-Copy Update) mechanism to control tracing.
Given that kernel infrastructure used by the tracer could lead to infinite recursion if traced, and typically requires non-atomic synchronization, this paper proposes an asynchronous mechanism to inform the kernel that a buffer is ready to read. This ensures that tracing sites do not require any kernel primitive, and therefore protects from infinite recursion.
This paper presents the core of LTTng's buffering algorithms and measures its performance.
Temporal Cortex Reflects Effects of Sentence Context on Phonetic Processing
Authors: Guediche Sara , Salvata Caden , Blumstein Sheila E. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractListeners' perception of acoustically presented speech is constrained by many different sources of information that arise from other sensory modalities and from more abstract higher-level language context. An open question is how perceptual processes are influenced by and interact with these other sources of information. In this study, we use fMRI to examine the effect of a prior sentence fragment meaning on the categorization of two possible target words that differ in an acoustic phonetic feature of the initial consonant, VOT. Specifically, we manipulate the bias of the sentence context (biased, neutral) and the target type (ambiguous, unambiguous). Our results show that an interaction between these two factors emerged in a cluster in temporal cortex encompassing the left middle temporal gyrus and the superior temporal gyrus. The locus and pattern of these interactions support an interactive view of speech processing and suggest that both the quality of the input and the potential bias of the context together interact and modulate neural activation patterns.
The Creation of Language and Language without Time: Metaphysics and Metapragmatics in Genesis
Authors: Yovel Jonathan 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis essay makes two related arguments regarding the relation of the performative language of creation in Genesis 1 to temporality and to existence. The first explores how Biblical Hebrew constructs atemporal language in order to designate divine action that does not presuppose temporality through an under-researched device known as grammatical aspect. The second offers a new explanation of why language was the instrument of creation ex nihilo to begin with. It argues that fiat lux should be understood as the instant of the metalinguistic creation of language itself. Together these claims suggest that standard readings of the biblical creation narrative, especially when relying on translations that presuppose temporal categories in their grammatical forms and thus in their metaphysical commitments (as Germanic languages, such as English, do), fail to express the radical nature of the creation narrative —placing divine creation in time and telling, in essence, a flawed story. While offering primarily a linguistic argument, this essay also adds to the discussion of the relations between language and the metaphysical commitments of mimesis in general.
Quantification of bone marrow lesion volume and volume change using semi-automated segmentation: data from the osteoarthritis initiative
Authors: Pang Jincheng , Driban Jeffrey B , Destenaves Geoffroy , Miller Eric , Lo Grace H , Ward Robert J , Price Lori Lyn , Lynch John A , Eaton Charles B , Eckstein Felix , McAlindon Timothy E 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundTo determine the validity of a semi-automated segmentation of bone marrow lesions (BMLs) in the knee.MethodsConstruct validity of the semi-automated BML segmentation method was explored in two studies performed using sagittal intermediate weighted, turbo spine echo, fat-suppressed magnetic resonance imaging sequences obtained from the Osteoarthritis Initiative. The first study (n = 48) evaluated whether tibia BML volume was different across Boston Leeds Osteoarthritis Knee Scores (BLOKS) for tibia BMLs (semiquantitative grades 0 to 3). In the second study (n = 40), we evaluated whether BML volume change was associated with changes in cartilage parameters. The knees in both studies were segmented by one investigator. We performed Wilcoxon signed-rank tests to determine if tibia BML volume was different between adjacent BLOKS BML scores and calculated Spearman correlation coefficients to assess the relationship between 2-year BML volume change and 2-year cartilage morphometry change (significance was p ≤ 0.05).ResultsBML volume was significantly greater between BLOKS BML score 0 and 1 (z= 2.85,p= 0.004) and BLOKS BML scores 1 and 2 (z= 3.09,p= 0.002). There was no significant difference between BLOKS BML scores 2 and 3 (z= −0.30,p= 0.77). Increased tibia BML volume was significantly related to increased tibia denuded area (Spearmanr= 0.42,p= 0.008), decreased tibia cartilage thickness (Spearmanr= −0.46,p= 0.004), increased femur denuded area (Spearmanr= 0.35,p= 0.03), and possibly decreased femur cartilage thickness (Spearmanr= −0.30,p= 0.07) but this last finding was not statistically significant.ConclusionThe new, efficient, and reliable semi-automated BML segmentation method provides valid BML volume measurements that increase with greater BLOKS BML scores and confirms previous reports that BML size is associated with longitudinal cartilage loss.
Genetic variation in the 3’ untranslated region of dengue virus serotype 3 strains isolated from mosquitoes and humans in Brazil
Authors: de Castro Márcia Gonçalves , de Nogueira Fernanda Bruycker , Nogueira Rita Maria Ribeiro , Lourenço-de-Oliveira Ricardo , dos Santos Flávia Barreto 
Published: January 2013

Summary

Background
Dengue, a mosquito-borne viral infection caused by one of the four dengue virus (DENV) serotypes (DENV-1 to 4), replicate alternately on the mosquito vector and human host and are responsible for infections throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the world. In Brazil, the disease has become a major public health problem and the introduction of DENV-3 in 2000 in Rio de Janeiro (RJ) was associated with severe dengue epidemics. The potential emergence of strains associated with severe disease highlights the need for the surveillance of DENV in human host and vectors.

Methods
Aiming to contribute for DENV phylogenetic and vector-virus-human host studies, we sequenced the entire genome of one DENV-3 isolated from naturally infected Aedes aegypti from RJ in 2001 and characterized the 3’ UTR from strains isolated from mosquitoes and humans. Mosquitoes were pooled and submitted to virus isolation in Ae. albopictus C6/36 cells and the infecting serotype was identified by immunofluorescence using type-specific monoclonal antibody. Sequence analysis was performed using BioEdit software, the multiple alignments were performed using CLUSTAL W and the phylogenetic analysis by MEGA 5, using the Neighbor-joining method. Secondary structure prediction was performed by using the MFOLD program.

Results
Exclusive substitutions and a substitution leading to a stop codon on the NS5 gene were observed in the DENV-3 isolated from a naturally infected Ae. aegypti and fully sequenced. As an 8- nucleotides deletion was observed within the 11- nucleotides (nts) insertion on the variable region (VR) from the 3′UTR in this isolate, we further sequenced other DENV-3 from both mosquitoes and humans. The majority of DENV-3 from RJ analyzed were characterized by the 11-nts insertion in the VR of the 3′UTR, despite the observation of strains carrying the 8-nts deletion. The latter presented similar secondary structures, however not all strains presenting the 11-nts insertion were similar in the predicted secondary structure.

Conclusions
The phylogeny based on the analysis of the complete genome and 3′UTR characterized the DENV-3 isolated from both vector and human host as belonging to Genotype III (GIII), despite the differences observed on the 3’ UTR. Further studies are needed to address the role of those mutations in the transmission of the different viral populations and vector competence.
Molecular epidemiological and virological study of dengue virus infections in Guangzhou, China, during 2001–2010
Authors: Jiang Liyun , Wu Xinwei , Wu Yejian , Bai Zhijun , Jing Qinglong , Luo Lei , Dong Zhiqiang , Yang Zhicong , Xu Yang , Cao Yimin , Di Biao , Wang Yulin , Wang Ming 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background
Dengue virus (DENV) infection is the most prevalent arthropod-borne viral infection in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. Guangzhou has the ideal environment for DENV transmission and DENV epidemics have been reported in this region for more than 30 years.

Methods
Information for DENV infection cases in Guangzhou from 2001 to 2010 were collected and analyzed. The DENV strains were cultured and isolated from patients’ sera. Viral RNA was extracted from cell culture supernatants. cDNA was synthesized by reverse transcription PCR. Phylogenetic trees of four DENV serotypes were constructed respectively.

Results
In total, 2478 DENV infection cases were reported; 2143 of these (86.43%) occurred during 3 months of the year: August, September and October. Of these, 2398 were local cases (96.77%) and 80 were imported cases (3.23%). Among the imported cases, 69 (86.25%) were from Southeast Asian countries. From the 90 isolated strains, 66.67%, 3.33%, 14.44%, and 15.56% belonged to DENV serotypes 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. DENV-1 was predominant in most of the years, including during 2 outbreaks in 2002 and 2006; however, none of the strains or genotypes identified in this study were found to be predominant. Interestingly, DENV strains from different years had different origins. Moreover, the strains from each year belonged to different serotypes and/or genotypes.

Conclusions
Southeast Asia countries were found to be the possible source of DENV in Guangzhou. These findings suggest that there is increasing diversity in DENV strains in Guangzhou, which could increase the risk of DENV outbreaks in the near future.
Ecological status and traditional knowledge of medicinal plants in Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary of Garhwal Himalaya, India
Authors: Bhat Jahangeer A , Kumar Munesh , Bussmann Rainer W 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundHimalayan forests are the most important source of medicinal plants and with useful species for the local people. Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary (KWLS) is situated in the interior part of the Garhwal Himalayan region. The presented study was carried out in Madhmeshwar area of KWLS for the ecological status of medicinal plants and further focused on the ethnomedicinal uses of these plants in the study area.MethodsEcological information about ethnomedicinal plants were collected using random quadrats in a random sampling technique along an altitudinal gradient in the KWLS. Information on medicinal properties of plants encountered in the present study was generated by questionnaire survey and was also compared with relevant literature.ResultsA total of 152 medicinally important plant species were reported, in which 103 were found herbs, 32 shrubs and 17 were tree species which represented 123 genera of 61 families. A total of 18 plant species fell into the rare, endangered (critically endangered) and vulnerable status categories.ConclusionThe present study documented the traditional uses of medicinal plants, their ecological status and importance of these plants in the largest protected area of Garhwal Himalaya. This study can serve as baseline information on medicinal plants and could be helpful to further strengthen the conservation of this important resource.
Case report: rare case of infiltration of small lymphocytic B-cell lymphoma in the thyroid gland of female patient with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL-B/SLL-B)
Authors: Andrysiak-Mamos Elżbieta , Becht Rafał , Sowińska-Przepiera Elżbieta , Pobłocki Jakub , Syrenicz Justyna , Zdziarska Barbara , Karpińska-Kaczmarczyk Katarzyna , Syrenicz Anhelli 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The article presents a case of 57-year-old woman with the infiltration of rare small lymphocytic B cell lymphoma in the thyroid gland. Initially, the patient was followed-up due to chronic lymphocytic B-cell leukemia diagnosed on the basis of histopathological examination of cervical lymph node. Eight months later, general symptoms occurred along with lymphocytosis and exacerbation of lesions in lymph nodes, and therefore, chemotherapy was started according to COP regimen. After four chemotherapy cycles, further progression of the disease was observed during chemotherapy. Computed tomography (CT) performed at that time showed generalized lymphadenopathy and the presence of an irregular area in left thyroid lobe. On palpation, the thyroid was asymmetrical, with enlarged left lobe and palpable lymph node packages on the left side of the neck. The levels of thyroid hormones and anti-thyroid antibodies were normal. Ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland showed non-homogeneous hypoechogenic structure of the left lobe and complete focal remodeling. Cytological examination of left-lobe lesion obtained during fine needle aspiration biopsy showed multiple small lymphoid cells, suggestive of small lymphocytic lymphoma. To confirm this diagnosis, flow cytometry of the biopsy material sampled from the left lobe was performed showing B cellimmunophenotype: CD19+/CD20+/CD22 dim/FMC-7, CD23+/CD5+, sCD79b-+, CD38-, CD10-, kappa and lambda-/weak reaction. The results of flow cytometry of the thyroid bioptate and blood were nearly identical, confirming leukemic nature of the infiltration in left thyroid lobe. Cytogenetic findings included the presence of 17p deletion (TP53 gene). The patient received immunochemotherapy with alemtuzumab. The progression of the disease occurred in the sixth week of therapy. The treatment was discontinued after 8 weeks due to worsening of patient’s general status. The patient died 15 months after the diagnosis.
Eco-friendly synthesis and antimicrobial activities of some 1-phenyl-3(5-bromothiophen-2-yl)-5-(substituted phenyl)-2-pyrazolines
Authors: Sasikala Ramalingam , Thirumurthy Kannan , Mayavel Perumal , Thirunarayanan Ganesamoorthy 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background
Green catalyst fly ash: H2SO4 was prepared by mixing fly ash and sulphuric acid. Microwave irradiations are applied for solid phase cyclization of 5-bromo-2-thienyl chalcones and phenyl hydrazine hydrate in the presence of fly ash: H2SO4 yields, 1-phenyl-3(5-bromothiophen-2-yl)-5-(substituted phenyl)-2-pyrazolines. These pyrazolines were characterized by their physical constants and spectral data. The antimicrobial activities of all synthesized pyrazolines have been studied.

Results
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis shows the morphology changes between fly ash and the catalyst fly ash: H2SO4. The SEM photographs with the scale of 1 and 50 μm show the fly-ash particle is corroded by H2SO4 (indicated by arrow mark), and this may be due to dissolution of fly ash by H2SO4. The yields of 1-phenyl-3(5-bromothiophen-2-yl)-5-(substituted phenyl)-2-pyrazolines is more than 75% using this catalyst under microwave heating. All pyrazolines showed moderate activities against antimicrobial strains.

Conclusion
We have developed an efficient catalytic method for synthesis of 1-phenyl-3(5-bromothiophen-2-yl)-5-(substituted phenyl)-2-pyrazolines by solid phase cyclization using a solvent-free environmentally greener catalyst fly ash: H2SO4 under microwave irradiation between aryl chalcones and hydrazine hydrate. This reaction protocol offers a simple, economical, environment friendly, non-hazardous, easier work-up procedure, and good yields. All synthesized pyrazoline derivatives showed moderate antimicrobial activities against bacterial and fungal strains.
From taking to using medication: recovery-focused prescribing and medicines management
Authors: Baker Elina , Fee Jason , Bovingdon Louise , Campbell Tina , Hewis Elaine , Lewis Danny , Mahoney Lesley , Roberts Glenn 
Published: January 2013

SummaryMental health services are increasingly supporting recovery-oriented practice as a basis for service delivery. There is considerable overlap between the values and approaches associated with recovery-based practice and those already endorsed as good psychiatric practice. However, these agreed principles may not be consistently applied and further steps may be needed if the reorientation of the relationship between psychiatrists and people using psychiatric services is to fully reflect recovery principles. This article describes ways in which psychiatric practice could develop, including conceptualising medication as one of many possible recovery tools that a person can actively use to support their well-being, and a range of practices available to professionals to support people in taking up an active stance in relation to medication. It also identifies recovery-supportive practices for when someone is unable to fully participate in decision-making, owing to crisis, loss of capacity or concerns about safety.
PowerPoint: avoiding the slide to damnation
Authors: Undrill Guy , McMaster Fiona 
Published: January 2013

SummaryPowerPoint slides are now almost expected of anyone preparing a presentation. The rise of the slide has generated considerable debate, with some people concerned that PowerPoint diminishes the potential of critical thinking by the audience, and others encouraging innovative graphic design as assisting the transmission of information. We examine these two viewpoints and offer steps and resources for incorporating design elements when preparing slides.
Recovery and medication: not quite a revolution: Commentary on… From Taking to Using Medication
Authors: Holloway Frank 
Published: January 2013

SummaryIn this issue of Advances, Baker et al describe a ‘recovery-focused approach’ to prescribing. They believe that there is a need for a paradigm shift in psychiatric practice. This commentary offers a brief introduction to the ‘recovery’ literature and a sceptical analysis of this bold claim.
Schizophrenia severity, social functioning and hippocampal neuroanatomy: three-dimensional mapping study
Authors: Brambilla Paolo , Perlini Cinzia , Rajagopalan Priya , Saharan Priyanka , Rambaldelli Gianluca , Bellani Marcella , Dusi Nicola , Cerini Roberto , Mucelli Roberto Pozzi , Tansella Michele , Thompson Paul M. 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundHippocampal shrinkage is commonly reported in schizophrenia, but its role in the illness is still poorly understood. In particular, it is unclear how clinical and psychosocial variables relate to hippocampal volumes.AimsTo investigate neuroanatomic differences in the hippocampus using three-dimensional (3D) computational image analysis.MethodWe used high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging and surface-based modelling to map the 3D profile of hippocampal differences in adults with schizophrenia (n=67) and a healthy control group (n= 72). Manual tracings were used to create 3D parametric mesh models of the hippocampus. Regression models were used to relate diagnostic measures to maps of radial distance, and colour-coded maps were generated to show the profile of associations.ResultsThere was no detectable difference between the schizophrenia and control groups in hippocampal radial distance. In the schizophrenia group, however, bilateral shape deflation was associated with greater illness severity (length of illness, positive and negative symptoms) and with poorer social functioning (educational level, quality of life and health status), which survived Bonferroni correction.ConclusionsIllness severity and poor social functioning may be associated with hippocampal deflation in schizophrenia. As a structural sign of poor outcome, imaging measures might help to identify a subgroup of patients who may need specific treatment to resist hippocampal shrinkage, such as cognitive rehabilitation or physical exercise.
Natural history, predictors and outcomes of depression after stroke: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ayerbe Luis , Ayis Salma , Wolfe Charles D. A. , Rudd Anthony G. 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundDepression after stroke is a distressing problem that may be associated with other negative health outcomes.AimsTo estimate the natural history, predictors and outcomes of depression after stroke.MethodStudies published up to 31 August 2011 were searched and reviewed according to accepted criteria.ResultsOut of 13 558 references initially found, 50 studies were included. Prevalence of depression was 29% (95% CI 25-32), and remains stable up to 10 years after stroke, with acumulative incidence of 39-52% within 5 years of stroke. The rate of recovery from depression among patients depressed a few months after stroke ranged from 15 to 57% 1 year after stroke. Major predictors of depression are disability, depression pre-stroke, cognitive impairment, stroke severity and anxiety. Lower quality of life, mortality and disability are independent outcomes of depression after stroke.ConclusionInterventions for depression and its potential outcomes are required.
Change in anxiety following successful and unsuccessful attempts at smoking cessation: cohort study
Authors: McDermott Máirtín S. , Marteau Theresa M. , Hollands Gareth J. , Hankins Matthew , Aveyard Paul 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundDespite a lack of empirical evidence, many smokers and health professionals believe that tobacco smoking reduces anxiety, which may deter smoking cessation.AimsThe study aim was to assess whether successful smoking cessation or relapse to smoking after a quit attempt are associated with changes in anxiety.MethodA total of 491 smokers attending National Health Service smoking cessation clinics in England were followed up 6 months after enrolment in a trial of pharmacogenetic tailoring of nicotine replacement therapy (ISRCTN14352545).ResultsThere was a points difference of 11.8 (95% CI 7.7-16.0) in anxiety score 6 months after cessation between people who relapsed to smoking and people who attained abstinence. This reflected a three-point increase in anxiety from baseline for participants who relapsed and a nine-point decrease for participants who abstained. The increase in anxiety in those who relapsed was largest for those with a current diagnosis of psychiatric disorder and whose main reason for smoking was to cope with stress. The decrease in anxiety on abstinence was larger for these groups also.ConclusionsPeople who achieve abstinence experience a marked reduction in anxiety whereas those who fail to quit experience a modest increase in the long term. These data contradict the assumption that smoking is a stress reliever, but suggest that failure of a quit attempt may generate anxiety.