bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oronasal maskversushelmet in acute hypercapnic respiratory failure
Authors: Pisani Lara , Mega Chiara , Vaschetto Rosanna , Bellone Andrea , Scala Raffaele , Cosentini Roberto , Musti Muriel , Del Forno Manuela , Grassi Mario , Fasano Luca , Navalesi Paolo , Nava Stefano 
Published: December 2014

The choice of the interface for noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is a key factor in NIV success. We hypothesised that a new helmet specifically design to improve performance in hypercapnic patients would be clinically equivalent to a standard oronasal mask.In a multicentre, short-term, physiological, randomised trial in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients facing an acute hypercapnic respiratory failure episode, we compared the changes in arterial blood gases (ABGs) and tolerance score obtained using the helmet or mask, and, as secondary end-points, dyspnoea, vital signs, early NIV discontinuation and rate of intubation. 80 patients were randomly assigned to receive NIV either with the helmet (n=39) or mask (n=41), using an intensive care unit ventilator.Compared with baseline, in the first 6 h, NIV improved ABGs, dyspnoea and respiratory rate (p<0.05) in both groups. Changes in ABGs and discomfort were similar with the two groups, while dyspnoea decreased more (p<0.005) using the mask. The rate of intubation and the need for interface change during the whole period of NIV were very low and not different between groups.The new helmet may be a valid alternative to a mask in improving ABGs and achieving a good tolerance during an episode of acute hypercapnic respiratory failure.
HFE gene variants and iron-induced oxygen radical generation in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Sangiuolo Federica , Puxeddu Ermanno , Pezzuto Gabriella , Cavalli Francesco , Longo Giuliana , Comandini Alessia , Di Pierro Donato , Pallante Marco , Sergiacomi Gianluigi , Simonetti Giovanni , Zompatori Maurizio , Orlandi Augusto , Magrini Andrea , Amicosante Massimo , Mariani Francesca , Losi Monica , Fraboni Daniela , Bisetti Alberto , Saltini Cesare 
Published: December 2014

In idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), lung accumulation of excessive extracellular iron and macrophage haemosiderin may suggest disordered iron homeostasis leading to recurring microscopic injury and fibrosing damage.The current study population comprised 89 consistent IPF patients and 107 controls. 54 patients and 11 controls underwent bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Haemosiderin was assessed by Perls' stain, BAL fluid malondialdehyde (MDA) by high-performance liquid chromatography, BAL cell iron-dependent oxygen radical generation by fluorimetry and the frequency of hereditary haemochromatosis HFE gene variants by reverse dot blot hybridisation.Macrophage haemosiderin, BAL fluid MDA and BAL cell unstimulated iron-dependent oxygen radical generation were all significantly increased above controls (p<0.05). The frequency of C282Y, S65C and H63D HFE allelic variants was markedly higher in IPF compared with controls (40.4%versus22.4%, OR 2.35, p=0.008) and was associated with higher iron-dependent oxygen radical generation (HFE variant 107.4±56.0, HFE wild type (wt) 59.4±36.4 and controls 16.7±11.8 fluorescence units per 105BAL cells; p=0.028 HFE variantversusHFE wt, p=0.006 HFE wtversuscontrols).The data suggest iron dysregulation associated with HFE allelic variants may play an important role in increasing susceptibility to environmental exposures, leading to recurring injury and fibrosis in IPF.
Safety and pharmacokinetics of nintedanib and pirfenidone in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Ogura Takashi , Taniguchi Hiroyuki , Azuma Arata , Inoue Yoshikazu , Kondoh Yasuhiro , Hasegawa Yoshinori , Bando Masashi , Abe Shinji , Mochizuki Yoshiro , Chida Kingo , Klüglich Matthias , Fujimoto Tsuyoshi , Okazaki Kotaro , Tadayasu Yusuke , Sakamoto Wataru , Sugiyama Yukihiko 
Published: December 2014

A randomised, double-blind, phase II, dose escalation trial was conducted to assess the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor nintedanib, alone and when added to ongoing pirfenidone therapy, in Japanese patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.50 Japanese patients were randomised to receive nintedanib or placebo in one of three cohorts (nintedanib 50 mg twice daily or 100 mg twice daily for 14 days, or 150 mg twice daily for 28 days). Patients receiving pirfenidone at inclusion were stratified to every nintedanib dose group and placebo.Adverse events were reported in nine out of 17 patients receiving nintedanib alone and 10 out of 21 patients receiving nintedanib added to pirfenidone. All adverse events were mild or moderate in intensity. Gastrointestinal disorders were the most common adverse event. Maximum plasma concentration and area under the curve at steady state for nintedanib and its metabolites tended to be lower when nintedanib was added to pirfenidone. Nintedanib had no effect on the pharmacokinetics of pirfenidone.In conclusion, further study is needed to evaluate the safety and tolerability profile of nintedanib when added to pirfenidone in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. There was a trend toward lower exposure of nintedanib when it was added to pirfenidone.
The effect of dye-sensitized solar cell based on the composite layer by anodic TiO2 nanotubes
Authors: Yang Jun Hyuk , Kim Kyung Hwan , Bark Chung Wung , Choi Hyung Wook 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
TiO2 nanotube arrays are very attractive for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) owing to their superior charge percolation and slower charge recombination. Highly ordered, vertically aligned TiO2 nanotube arrays have been fabricated by a three-step anodization process. Although the use of a one-dimensional structure provides an enhanced photoelectrical performance, the smaller surface area reduces the adsorption of dye on the TiO2 surface. To overcome this problem, we investigated the effect of DSSCs constructed with a multilayer photoelectrode made of TiO2 nanoparticles and TiO2 nanotube arrays. We fabricated the novel multilayer photoelectrode via a layer-by-layer assembly process and thoroughly investigated the effect of various structures on the sample efficiency. The DSSC with a four-layer photoelectrode exhibited a maximum conversion efficiency of 7.22% because of effective electron transport and enhanced adsorption of dye on the TiO2 surface.
Electrodeposition of porous graphene networks on nickel foams as supercapacitor electrodes with high capacitance and remarkable cyclic stability
Authors: Yang Shaolin , Deng Bingchen , Ge Ruijing , Zhang Li , Wang Hong , Zhang Zihan , Zhu Wei , Wang Guanzhong 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
We describe a facile, low-cost, and green method to fabricate porous graphene networks/nickel foam (PG/NF) electrodes by electrochemical deposition of graphene sheets on nickel foams (NFs) for the application of supercapacitor electrodes. The electrodeposition process was accomplished by electrochemical reduction of graphene oxide (GO) in its aqueous suspension. The resultant binder-free PG/NF electrodes exhibited excellent double-layer capacitive performance with a high rate capability and a high specific capacitance of 183.2 mF cm-2 at the current density of 1 mA cm-2. Moreover, the specific capacitance maintains nearly 100% over 10,000 charge-discharge cycles, demonstrating a remarkable cyclic stability of these porous supercapacitor electrodes.

PACS

82.47.Uv (Electrochemical capacitors); 82.45.Fk (Electrodes electrochemistry); 81.05.Rm (Fabrication of porous materials)
Breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance 3 inhibits transforming growth factor β/Smad signaling and associates with favorable breast cancer disease outcomes
Authors: Guo Jimin , Canaff Lucie , Rajadurai Charles Vincent , Fils-Aimé Nadège , Tian Jun , Dai Meiou , Korah Juliana , Villatoro Manuel , Park Morag , Ali Suhad , Lebrun Jean-Jacques 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Introduction
This study helps to define the implications of breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance 3 (BCAR3) in breast cancer and extends the current understanding of its molecular mechanism of action. BCAR3 has been shown to promote cell proliferation, migration and attachment to extracellular matrix components. However, in a cohort of metastatic breast cancer patients who received tamoxifen treatment, high BCAR3 mRNA levels were associated with favorable progression-free survival outcome. These results suggest that, besides its established roles, BCAR3 may have additional mechanisms of action that regulate breast cancer aggressive phenotype. In this study, we investigated whether BCAR3 is a novel antagonist of the canonical transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) pathway, which induces potent migration and invasion responses in breast cancer cells.

Methods
We surveyed functional genomics databases for correlations between BCAR3 expression and disease outcomes of breast cancer patients. We also studied how BCAR3 could regulate the TGFβ/Smad signaling axis using Western blot analysis, coimmunoprecipitation and luciferase assays. In addition, we examined whether BCAR3 could modulate TGFβ-induced cell migration and invasion by using an automated imaging system and a confocal microscopy imaging–based matrix degradation assay, respectively.

Results
Relatively low levels of BCAR3 expression in primary breast tumors correlate with poor distant metastasis-free survival and relapse-free survival outcomes. We also found a strong correlation between the loss of heterozygosity at BCAR3 gene alleles and lymph node invasion in human breast cancer, further suggesting a role for BCAR3 in preventing disease progression. In addition, we found BCAR3 to inhibit Smad activation, Smad-mediated gene transcription, Smad-dependent cell migration and matrix digestion in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, we found BCAR3 to be downregulated by TGFβ through proteasome degradation, thus defining a novel positive feedback loop mechanism downstream of the TGFβ/Smad signaling pathway.

Conclusion
BCAR3 is considered to be associated with aggressive breast cancer phenotypes. However, our results indicate that BCAR3 acts as a putative suppressor of breast cancer progression by inhibiting the prometastatic TGFβ/Smad signaling pathway in invasive breast tumors. These data provide new insights into BCAR3’s molecular mechanism of action and highlight BCAR3 as a novel TGFβ/Smad antagonist in breast cancer.
Hair-based rapid analyses for multiple drugs in forensics and doping: application of dynamic multiple reaction monitoring with LC-MS/MS
Authors: Shah Iltaf , Petroczi Andrea , Uvacsek Martina , Ránky Márta , Naughton Declan P 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Background
Considerable efforts are being extended to develop more effective methods to detect drugs in forensic science for applications such as preventing doping in sport. The aim of this study was to develop a sensitive and accurate method for analytes of forensic and toxicological nature in human hair at sub-pg levels.

Results
The hair test covers a range of different classes of drugs and metabolites of forensic and toxicological nature including selected anabolic steroids, cocaine, amphetamines, cannabinoids, opiates, bronchodilators, phencyclidine and ketamine. For extraction purposes, the hair samples were decontaminated using dichloromethane, ground and treated with 1 M sodium hydroxide and neutralised with hydrochloric acid and phosphate buffer and the homogenate was later extracted with hexane using liquid-liquid extraction (LLE). Following extraction from hair samples, drug-screening employed liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) analysis using dynamic multiple reaction monitoring (DYN-MRM) method using proprietary software. The screening method (for > 200 drugs/metabolites) was calibrated with a tailored drug mixture and was validated for 20 selected drugs for this study. Using standard additions to hair sample extracts, validation was in line with FDA guidance. A Zorbax Eclipse plus C18 (2.1 mm internal diameter × 100 mm length × 1.8 μm particle size) column was used for analysis. Total instrument run time was 8 minutes with no noted matrix interferences. The LOD of compounds ranged between 0.05-0.5 pg/mg of hair. 233 human hair samples were screened using this new method and samples were confirmed positive for 20 different drugs, mainly steroids and drugs of abuse.

Conclusions
This is the first report of the application of this proprietary system to investigate the presence of drugs in human hair samples. The method is selective, sensitive and robust for the screening and confirmation of multiple drugs in a single analysis and has potential as a very useful tool for the analysis of large array of controlled substances and drugs of abuse.
Youth mental health after civil war: The importance of daily
stressors
Authors: Newnham Elizabeth A. , Pearson Rebecca M. , Stein Alan , Betancourt Theresa S. 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundRecent evidence suggests that post-conflict stressors in addition to war
trauma play an important role in the development of psychopathology.AimsTo investigate whether daily stressors mediate the association between
war exposure and symptoms of posttraumatic stress and depression among
war-affected youth.MethodStandardised assessments were conducted with 363 Sierra Leonean youth
(26.7% female, mean age 20.9, s.d. = 3.38) 6 years post-war.ResultsThe extent of war exposures was significantly associated with
post-traumatic stress symptoms (P<0.05) and a
significant proportion was explained by indirect pathways through daily
stressors (0.089, 95% CI 0.04–0.138, P<0.001). In
contrast, there was little evidence for an association from war exposure
to depression scores (P = 0.127); rather any association
was explained via indirect pathways through daily stressors (0.103, 95%
CI 0.048–0.158, P<0.001).ConclusionsAmong war-affected youth, the association between war exposure and
psychological distress was largely mediated by daily stressors, which
have potential for modification with evidence-based intervention.
Brain functional changes across the different phases of bipolar disorder
Authors: Pomarol-Clotet Edith , Alonso-Lana Silvia , Moro Noemi , Sarró Salvador , Bonnin Mar C. , Goikolea José M. , Fernández-Corcuera Paloma , Amann Benedikt L. , Romaguera Anna , Vieta Eduard , Blanch Josep , McKenna Peter J. , Salvador Raymond 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundLittle is known about how functional imaging changes in bipolar disorder relate to different phases of the illness.AimsTo compare cognitive task activation in participants with bipolar disorder examined in different phases of illness.MethodParticipants with bipolar disorder in mania (n= 38), depression (n= 38) and euthymia (n= 38), as well as healthy controls (n= 38), underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during performance of the n-back working memory task. Activations and de-activations were compared between the bipolar subgroups and the controls, and among the bipolar subgroups. All participants were also entered into a linear mixed-effects model.ResultsCompared with the controls, the mania and depression subgroups, but not the euthymia subgroup, showed reduced activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the parietal cortex and other areas. Compared with the euthymia subgroup, the mania and depression subgroups showed hypoactivation in the parietal cortex. All three bipolar subgroups showed failure of de-activation in the ventromedial frontal cortex. Linear mixed-effects modelling revealed a further cluster of reduced activation in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in the patients; this was significantly more marked in the mania than in the euthymia subgroup.ConclusionsBipolar disorder is characterised by mood state-dependent hypoactivation in the parietal cortex. Reduced dorsolateral prefrontal activation is a further feature of mania and depression, which may improve partially in euthymia. Failure of de-activation in the medial frontal cortex shows trait-like characteristics.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Titanium Dioxide Microspheres with Exposed {001} Facets
Authors: Luo Zhi-Hui , Zhou Xiao-Song , Jin Bei , Luo Jin , Xu Xu-Yao , Chen Liu-Yong 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Novel anatase titanium dioxide (TiO2) microspheres with exposed {001} facets were successfully synthesized via a facile and controllable hydrothermal approach using sodium fluoroborate as the reagent. The products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). XRD results showed that the TiO2 microspheres were anatase phase and had good crystallinity. SEM images showed that the as-prepared TiO2 samples displayed surface of microspheres with exposed {001} facets and a mean diameter of 3.2 µm. Experimental results revealed that the as-prepared TiO2 microspheres might be assembled by nanosheets. The formation process of the TiO2 microspheres was preliminarily investigated.
Extended Affinity-guided DMAP Chemistry with a Finely Tuned Acyl Donor for Intracellular FKBP12 Labeling
Authors: Song Zhining , Takaoka Yousuke , Kioi Yoshiyuki , Komatsu Kazuhiro , Tamura Tomonori , Miki Takayuki , Hamachi Itaru 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
We successfully extended affinity-guided DMAP (AGD) chemistry with a reactivity-tuned acyl donor library that is capable of the selective and efficient labeling of FKBP12 in living cells as well as in test tube. The new AGD chemistry provides great promise for the establishment of selective intracellular protein functionalization or imaging methods.
Some Approaches to the Construction of Modern Models of Additional Professional Programs of Education Workers
Authors: �����������  , Tabarovskaya Kseniya , ������������  , Rastashanskaya Tatyana , ���������  , Kuznetsova Tatyana , �������  , Krutova Olga , ���������  , Mansurova Svetlana , ��������  , Fedorova Yuliya 
Published: December 2014

The article presents the results of applied research carried out at the Moscow Institute of open education, the leader in the system of continuous pedagogical
education of the region.The study is relevant due to the fact that under the new legislation, the additional professional education has no Federal
State standards, no Federal State requirements; and the State accreditation of the programs has been abolished.The article presents data of the internal
integrated monitoring of the quality of existing programs of additional professional education of teachers, internal requirements for such programs, the
procedure and results of internal expertise of newly established programs. The research is intended to become the basis of regional standards of quality
programs of additional professional education of teachers.
The study answers social, professional, and personal demands; it is aimed at creation of competitive programs in the system of additional professional
education in the context of transition to the competence-based education paradigm.
Standard of School Learning Equipment Incontext of Implementation of Federal State Educational Standard
Authors: ��������  , Nazarova Tatyana 
Published: December 2014

The article covers the issue of forming of school learning equipment in accordance with the implementation requirements of the Federal State Educational
Standard of a new generation. The specificity of interaction between the Federal State Educational Standard and the learning equipment standard
in the perspective of a new school infrastructure design is demonstrated on the basis of informative, procedural-instrumental and technological
constituents. The necessity of the development and implementation of the learning equipment standard as the main regulation of material and technical
maintenance of major educational programs is based on the results of monitoring of modernmaterial and technical school equipment. The article
provides the objective and essence of standardization, directions and objects of standardization, general structure of the standard, main regulatory
documents and their status, implementation program of the learning equipment standard.
Cryptorchidism and the value of ultrasonography
Authors: Shoukry M , Pojak K , Choudhry MS 
Published: December 2014

Introduction The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness and accuracy of ultrasonography in investigating cryptorchidism. Methods Case notes were reviewed of all children with cryptorchidism who had undergone ultrasonography for their testes between February and October 2010. Preoperative ultrasonography findings for presence or absence and position of testes were noted and compared with the operative findings. The sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonography were calculated. Results A total of 50 testes in 42 boys were examined by ultrasonography preoperatively during the study period. The median age was 6 years. All had single B-mode greyscale ultrasonography using greyscale and Doppler imaging. Of the 50 testes, 42 were visualised intracanalicularly or in the superficial inguinal pouch, 2 were intra-abdominal and 6 could not be detected. However, on examination under anaesthesia, 37 out of the 50 testes were palpable in the groin and 13 were impalpable. Two out of the remaining thirteen were found to be atrophic on diagnostic laparoscopy. The sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonography in determining the presence of testes was 85% and 25% respectively. Conclusions Ultrasonography has low sensitivity and specificity in determining the presence of testes and localisation of their position. When performing an examination under anaesthesia and using a laparoscopic technique, ultrasonography is not recommended in cases of cryptorchidism.
Non-centralised service for palliative stenting of malignant gastric outlet obstruction
Authors: Trotter JM , Balamurugan R , Dear KL , Naylor GM , Everitt NJ , Ravi K 
Published: December 2014

Introduction Malignant gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) is a common, debilitating and frequently pre-terminal symptom of intra-abdominal malignancies. Traditional ‘gold standard’ treatment has been palliative surgical gastro-enterostomy. Over the past two decades, use of self-expanding metallic stents (SEMSs) to relieve malignant GOO has become first-line treatment. We present the results from a single district general hospital in the UK in which malignant GOO was treated with SEMSs over a six-year period. Methods All patients who underwent palliative stenting for malignant gastro-duodenal tumours in our centre for six years up to January 2013 were assessed retrospectively. Outcomes were assessed with regard to: technical and clinical success; return to oral nutrition; prevalence of complications and re-intervention; and overall survival. Results Thirty-two stents were implanted in 29 patients. Technical success was 100%. Clinical success and return to oral nutrition were both 91%. The prevalence of complications was 16%. The prevalence of re-intervention was 13%. Mean survival was 91 (range, 5–392) days. Median wait from decision to implant a stent to stent implantation was 1 (range, 0–14) day. Overall, 25 covered and nine uncovered stents were implanted. Conclusion Stent implantation for GOO in this patient group is an established and preferable alternative to surgical intervention. Much of the treatment for malignancies of the upper gastrointestinal tract has now been centralised. Our data showed comparable results with published data for these procedures, with a high prevalence of success and low prevalence of major complications. It is of considerable benefit to these patients not to have to travel to a regional centre for stent implantation.