bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrocardiographic Monitoring for Detecting Atrial Fibrillation After Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack
Authors: Dussault Charles , Toeg Hadi , Nathan Meena , Wang Zhi Jian , Roux Jean-Francois , Secemsky Eric 
Published: February 2015

Background—
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a major cause of stroke. Although standard investigations after an event include electrocardiographic monitoring, the optimal duration to detect AF is unclear. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine whether the duration of electrocardiographic monitoring after an ischemic event is related to the detection of AF.

Methods and Results—

Prospective studies that reported the proportion of new AF diagnosed using electrocardiographic monitoring for >12 hours in patients with recent stroke or transient ischemic attack were analyzed. Studies were excluded if the stroke was hemorrhagic or AF was previously diagnosed. A total of 31 articles met inclusion criteria. Longer duration of monitoring was associated with an increased detection of AF when examining monitoring time as a continuous variable (
P
<0.001 for metaregression analysis). When dichotomizing studies based on monitoring duration, studies with monitoring lasting ≤72 hours detected AF in 5.1%, whereas monitoring lasting ≥7 days detected AF in 15%. The proportion of new diagnosis increased to 29.15% with extended monitoring for 3 months. Significant heterogeneity within studies was detected for both groups (≤72 hours,
I
2
=91.3%; ≥7 days,
I
2
=75.8). When assessing the odds of AF detection in the 3 randomized controlled trial, there was a 7.26 increased odds of AF with long-term monitoring (95% confidence intervals [3.99–12.83];
P
value <0.001).

Conclusions—
Longer duration of electrocardiographic monitoring after cryptogenic stroke is associated with a greater detection of AF. Future investigation is needed to determine the optimal duration of long-term monitoring.
Endoscopic Sinonasal Meningoencephalocele Repair
Authors: Rawal Rounak B. , Sreenath Satyan B. , Ebert Charles S. , Huang Benjamin Y. , Dugar Deepak R. , Ewend Matthew G. , Sasaki‐Adams Deanna , Senior Brent A. , Zanation Adam M. 
Published: February 2015

ObjectiveSinonasal meningoencephalocele is a rare defect, with varying etiologies and treatment strategies. Here we present the largest published series from a single institution of patients with endoscopic repair. The primary goal is to examine rates of success with consideration to accompanying patient demographic data. The secondary goal is to report the results stratified by defect and reconstruction type.DesignRetrospective consecutive case series.SettingTertiary care academic center.Subjects and MethodsConsecutive patients with CPT codes for skull base meningoencephalocele repair between May 2000 and March 2013 were reviewed. Patients who specifically had sinonasal defects were included.ResultsDuring the study period, 149 cases of sinonasal meningoencephaloceles were managed in 133 patients. Mean follow‐up was 21.3 months (range, 0‐116). There was a success rate of 88% for initial repair, with mean recurrence time of 8.3 months (range, 0‐38), and a success rate of 93.8% for initial recurrence surgery, with 99.3% of ultimate successful repair. All cases were repaired endoscopically. Recurrence rate was not significantly related to location of defect (P =. 682), size of defect (P =. 434), particular reconstruction technique (P =. 163), or etiology (trauma, P =. 070). Overall complication rate was 11.3%.ConclusionEndoscopic sinonasal meningoencephalocele repair has excellent long‐term results and may be considered as a primary approach. Surgeon comfort with a particular technique should be the most important factor used to guide choice of reconstruction.
Alterations in Extracellular Matrix Composition in the Aging Larynx
Authors: Branco Anete , Todorovic Fabro Alexandre , Gonçalves Tatiana Maria , Garcia Martins Regina Helena 
Published: February 2015

ObjectiveTo study by immunohistochemistry the alterations of collagens I, III, IV, and V and elastin in the aging process of the human larynx.Study DesignCadaver study.SettingUniversidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Brazil.Subjects and MethodsThirty vocal folds were obtained at autopsy from 10 adult men (aged 30 to 50 years) and 20 geriatric men (10 aged 60 to 75 years and 10 aged >75 years). Mid membranous vocal fold slides were subjected to immunohistochemical reactions. Digital imaging software (ImageJ) was used to quantify the increase in brownish staining of the lamina propria structures of vocal folds, from superficial to deep layers.ResultsThere was an increase of collagen I and III immunoexpression in the elderly larynges, in both layers. Collagens IV and V were immunoexpressed in the vessels endothelium of the lamina propria and in the basement membrane. The immunoexpression of elastin decreased in the elderly larynges, in both lamina propria layers of the vocal folds.ConclusionA clear increase of collagens I and III and a decrease of elastic fibers were observed in the lamina propria of vocal folds. The concentration of collagens IV and V was the same across age groups. These findings suggest that as men age, the density of the extracellular matrix increases, brought about by an increase in collagen, while the loss of elastin results in decreased viscoelasticity.
Optimization of process parameters to obtain NH4-clinoptilolite as a supplement to ecological fertilizer
Authors: Mihajlović M. , Perišić N. , Pezo L. , Stojanović M. , Milojković J . , Petrović M. , Petrović J. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe application of natural fertilizer mixtures that improve nutrient retention ability of soils has attracted considerable attention in recent years. In addition to rock phosphate (RP), the basic components of these mixtures are zeolites modified with selected cations, such as the ammonium ion. The NH4-zeolite serves as a carrier of nutrients as well as a soil conditioner, and it promotes the RP dissolution in all soil types. The purpose of the present work was to prepare costeffective NH4-zeolite supplement, using 32 full factorial experimental designs, with concentration of modifier and processing time as variables. Saturation processes were carried out on two types of natural zeolites, K- clinoptilolite (K-Cp) and Ca-clinoptilolite (Ca-Cp). The Response Surface Method (RSM) was applied for evaluation of cation exchange, suggesting an effective NH4+ modification of natural zeolite at lower quantities of modifier than commonly found in other studies on the topic. Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), differences between samples relative to the process variables were clearly outlined and correlated with concentrations of the exchanged cations. The best results were obtained for the K-Cp type modified with 1.5 M solution of ammonium sulfate (at a Cp/NH4+ stochiometric ratio 1:7.5) for all three processing intervals. By optimizing the modification process parameters, an experimental design of partially saturated NH4-Cp supplement that has the potential to supply all major plant nutrients was proposed.
Jarid2 regulates hematopoietic stem cell function by acting with polycomb repressive complex 2
Authors: Kinkel Sarah A. , Galeev Roman , Flensburg Christoffer , Keniry Andrew , Breslin Kelsey , Gilan Omer , Lee Stanley , Liu Joy , Chen Kelan , Gearing Linden J. , Moore Darcy L. , Alexander Warren S. , Dawson Mark , Majewski Ian J. , Oshlack Alicia , Larsson Jonas , Blewitt Marnie E. 
Published: February 2015

Key Points
Depletion of Jarid2 in mouse and human hematopoietic stem cells enhances their activity. Jarid2 acts as part of PRC2 in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells.
Channel-mediated astrocytic glutamate modulates hippocampal synaptic plasticity by activating postsynaptic NMDA receptors
Authors: Park Hyungju , Han Kyung-Seok , Seo Jinsoo , Lee Jaekwang , Dravid Shashank M , Woo Junsung , Chun Heejung , Cho Sukhee , Bae Jin Young , An Heeyoung , Koh Woohyun , Yoon Bo-Eun , Berlinguer-Palmini Rolando , Mannaioni Guido , Traynelis Stephen F , Bae Yong Chul , Choi Se-Young , Lee C Justin 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Background
Activation of G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) in astrocytes leads to Ca2+-dependent glutamate release via Bestrophin 1 (Best1) channel. Whether receptor-mediated glutamate release from astrocytes can regulate synaptic plasticity remains to be fully understood.

Results
We show here that Best1-mediated astrocytic glutamate activates the synaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and modulates NMDAR-dependent synaptic plasticity. Our data show that activation of the protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) in hippocampal CA1 astrocytes elevates the glutamate concentration at Schaffer collateral-CA1 (SC-CA1) synapses, resulting in activation of GluN2A-containing NMDARs and NMDAR-dependent potentiation of synaptic responses. Furthermore, the threshold for inducing NMDAR-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) is lowered when astrocytic glutamate release accompanied LTP induction, suggesting that astrocytic glutamate is significant in modulating synaptic plasticity.

Conclusions
Our results provide direct evidence for the physiological importance of channel-mediated astrocytic glutamate in modulating neural circuit functions.
Assessment of patient-ventilator breath contribution during neurally adjusted ventilatory assist in patients with acute respiratory failure
Authors: Liu Ling , Liu Songqiao , Xie Jianfeng , Yang Yi , Slutsky Arthur S , Beck Jennifer , Sinderby Christer , Qiu Haibo 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Introduction
We previously showed in animals that the ratio of inspired tidal volume (Vtinsp) to inspiratory peak electrical activity of the diaphragm (EAdipk) can be used to quantify the respective patient and ventilator breath contributions (PVBCs) during neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA). The PVBC index has not been tested clinically.

Methods
We studied 12 intubated and mechanically ventilated patients with acute respiratory failure and measured EAdipk, airway (Paw) and inspiratory esophageal pressure (Pes) and Vtinsp. We applied 11 different NAVA levels, increasing them every 3 minutes in steps of 0.3 cm H2O/μV from 0 to 3.0 cmH2O/μV. At each NAVA level, one breath was non-assisted (NAVA level 0). PVBC indices were calculated by relating Vtinsp/EAdipk of the non-assisted breath to Vtinsp/EAdipk of the assisted breath(s) using one (N1PVBC) or the mean value of five preceding assisted breaths (X5PVBC). During assisted breaths, inspiratory changes in Pes (∆Pes) and transpulmonary (ΔPtp) pressures were used to calculate the relative contribution of patient to total inspiratory lung-distending pressures (ΔPes/ΔPtp). Matching of respiratory drive indices and squaring of the PVBC was evaluated for their effect on the correlation between PVBC and ΔPes/ΔPtp. Linear regression analysis and Bland-Altman analysis were applied to compare indices.

Results
Using an average of five assisted breaths prior to the non-assisted breath and squaring the PVBC (X5PVBC2) improved determination coefficients (P <0.05), adjusted the regression slope and intercept between PVBC and ΔPes/ΔPtp toward identity (P <0.05) and reduced bias (P <0.05). Matching EAdipk between non-assisted and assisted breaths within the range of 0.77 to 1.30 improved the relationship between X5PVBC2 and ΔPes/ΔPtp (P <0.05) and abolished the need for EAdi normalization in the PVBC calculation (R2 = 0.96; bias = 0.16 ± 0.06; precision = 0.33 ± 0.08 (mean and 95% confidence interval)).

Conclusions
This clinical study confirms previous experimental results showing that the PVBC2 predicts the contribution of the inspiratory muscles versus that of the ventilator during NAVA, when differences in effort (EAdi) between non-assisted and assisted breaths are limited. PVBC could help to quantify and standardize the adjustment of the level of assist, and hence reduce the risks of excessive ventilatory assist in patients.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01663480. Registered 9 August 2012.
Neural stem/progenitor cells react to non-glial cns neoplasms
Authors: Campbell Jack Griffin , Miller Douglas C , Cundiff Diane D , Feng Qi , Litofsky N Scott 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
It is well established that the normal human brain contains populations of neural stem/progenitor cells. Recent studies suggest that they migrate toward a variety of CNS tissue injuries. In an investigation of the potential role of neural stem cells in the pathogenesis of primary CNS lymphomas (NHL-CNS), we observed that neural stem/progenitor cells appeared to accumulate at the border of the tumors with the brain and in the advancing edge of the tumors, in a pattern similar to that seen with reactive gliosis. We identified neural stem/progenitor cells using standard immunohistochemical markers thereof, including CD133, nestin, Group II Beta-tubulin, Musashi1, and the transcription factor Sox2, in neurosurgically obtained specimens of NHL-CNS metastatic carcinoma , and metastatic melanoma . We had similar results with each of these markers but found that Sox2 antibodies provided the clearest and most robust labeling of the cells at the borders of these non-glial tumors. To exclude that the immunoreactive cells were actually neoplastic, double-label immunohistochemistry for Sox2 and CD20 (for NHL-CNS), Sox2 and cytokeratin (CAM5.2, for carcinomas), or Sox2 and HMB45 (for melanomas) showed that in each tumor type, Sox2-immunoreactive cells adjacent to and among the tumor cells were separate from neoplastic cells. Sox2/GFAP double-labeling revealed a consistent pattern of Sox2 immunopositivity both in reactive GFAP-immunopositive astrocytes and in GFAP-negative cells, at the interface of tumor and non-neoplastic brain. These results suggest that neural stem/progenitor cells migrate to non-glial neoplasms in the CNS, are a source of reactive astrocytes, and that Sox2 is a reliable immunohistochemical marker for these cells.
Humic matter elicits proton and calcium fluxes and signaling dependent on Ca2+-dependent protein kinase (CDPK) at early stages of lateral plant root development
Authors: Ramos Alessandro C , Dobbss Leonardo B , Santos Leandro A , Fernandes Mânlio S , Olivares Fábio L , Aguiar Natália O , Canellas Luciano P 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe humic acid (HA) fraction of soil organic matter (SOM) exerts an effective plant growth promotion through a complex mechanism involving a coordinated activation of several key ion transport and signaling systems. We investigated the effects of HA on H+and Ca2+cellular dynamics at the early stages of lateral plant root development.ResultsEmergence of lateral root in rice seedlings were related to specific H+and Ca2+fluxes in the root elongation zone underlying an activation of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase and of the Ca2+-dependent protein kinase (CDPK). The latter was coupled with an increased expression of the voltage-dependentOsTPC1Ca2+channels and two stress responsive CDPK isoforms, such asOsCPK7andOsCPK17.ConclusionsHA act as molecular elicitors of H+and Ca2+fluxes, which seem to be upstream of a complex CDPK cell-signaling cascade. These findings shed light on the first ion signaling events involved in the mechanism of action of HA on plant growth and development.
Pharmacotherapy for post-traumatic stress disorder: Systematic
review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hoskins Mathew , Pearce Jennifer , Bethell Andrew , Dankova Liliya , Barbui Corrado , Tol Wietse A. , van Ommeren Mark , de Jong Joop , Seedat Soraya , Chen Hanhui , Bisson Jonathan I. 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundPharmacological treatment is widely used for post-traumatic stress
disorder (PTSD) despite questions over its efficacy.AimsTo determine the efficacy of all types of pharmacotherapy, as
monotherapy, in reducing symptoms of PTSD, and to assess
acceptability.MethodA systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials was
undertaken; 51 studies were included.ResultsSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitors were found to be statistically
superior to placebo in reduction of PTSD symptoms but the effect size was
small (standardised mean difference −0.23, 95% CI −0.33 to −0.12). For
individual pharmacological agents compared with placebo in two or more
trials, we found small statistically significant evidence of efficacy for
fluoxetine, paroxetine and venlafaxine.ConclusionsSome drugs have a small positive impact on PTSD symptoms and are
acceptable. Fluoxetine, paroxetine and venlafaxine may be considered as
potential treatments for the disorder. For most drugs there is inadequate
evidence regarding efficacy for PTSD, pointing to the need for more
research in this area.
The cardiovascular safety of the empirical measurement of the seizure threshold in electroconvulsive therapy
Authors: Mizen Lindsay , Morton Charles , Scott Allan 
Published: February 2015

Aims and methodThe Royal College of Psychiatrists' Committee on Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) and Related Treatments advises the measurement of initial seizure threshold in all patients undergoing ECT if possible. The subconvulsive electrical stimulation inherent in this process is thought to increase the risk of bradycardia and therefore asystole. Our aim was to establish the prevalence of asystole (no heart beat for 5 or more seconds) during empirical measurement of seizure threshold in patients who had not received anticholinergic drugs, as we were unable to find any published reports of bradycardia or asystole prevalence under these conditions. The electrocardiogram traces of 50 such consecutive patients were analysed later.ResultsAsystole occurred in 5% of stimulations. Each episode of asystole resolved spontaneously with no adverse outcomes. Contrary to expectations, asystole was no more prevalent in subconvulsive stimulations than in convulsive stimulations.Clinical implicationsThere was no evidence that the empirical measurement of the seizure threshold added to the cardiovascular risk of ECT.
A memory clinic v. traditional community mental health team service: comparison of costs and quality
Authors: Rubinsztein Judy Sasha , van Rensburg Marelna Janse , Al-Salihy Zerak , Girling Deborah , Lafortune Louise , Radhakrishnan Muralikrishnan , Brayne Carol 
Published: February 2015

Aims and methodTo compare the cost and quality of a memory-clinic-based service (MCS) with a traditional community mental health team (CMHT) service. Using a retrospective case-note review, we studied two groups, each with 33 participants. Consecutive referrals for diagnostic ‘memory’ assessments over 4 months were evaluated. Participants were evaluated for up to 6 months.ResultsThe MCS was less costly than the CMHT service but the difference was not statistically significant (mean cost for MCS was £742, mean cost for CMHT service was £807). The MCS offered more multidisciplinary and comprehensive care, including: pre- and post-diagnostic counselling, more systematic screening of blood for reversible causes of dementia, more use of structured assessment instruments in patients/carers, signposting to the third sector as well as more consistent copying of letters to patients/carers.Clinical implicationsAn MCS service offered more comprehensive and multidisciplinary service at no extra cost to secondary care.
Alcohol dependence and driving: knowledge of DVLA regulations
Authors: Collier Andrew , Watts Maggie , Ghosh Sujoy , Rice Peter , Dewhurst Neil 
Published: February 2015

Aims and MethodsThe UK's Driver Vehicle Licensing Authority (DVLA) requires individuals to report if they have a medical condition such as alcohol dependence. General Medical Council guidance indicates that medical practitioners should ensure patients are aware of their impairment and requirement to notify the DVLA.ResultsIn a survey of 246 people with known alcohol dependence, none were aware of advice on driving given by medical practitioners and none had self-reported. In addition, 362 doctors, either attending a college symposium or visiting a college website, were asked about their knowledge of DVLA regulations regarding alcohol dependence: 73% of those attending the symposium and 63% of those visiting the website answered incorrectly. In Scotland, over 20000 people have alcohol dependence (over 1 million people with alcohol abuse), yet only 2548 people with alcohol problems self-reported to the DVLA in 2011.Clinical implicationsIf the DVLA regulations were implemented, it could make an enormous difference to the behaviours of the driving public.
Cognitive–behavioural therapy by psychiatric trainees: can a little knowledge be a good thing?
Authors: Kelleher Eric , Hayde Melissa , Tone Yvonne , Dud Iulia , Kearns Colette , McGoldrick Mary , McDonough Michael 
Published: February 2015

Aims and methodTo establish the competency of psychiatric trainees in delivering cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) to selected cases, following introductory lectures and supervision. Supervisor reports of trainees rotating through a national psychiatric hospital over 8.5 years were reviewed along with revised Cognitive Therapy Scale (CTS-R) ratings where available. Independent t-test was used to compare variables.ResultsStructured supervision reports were available for 52 of 55 (95%) trainees. The mean result (4.6, s.d. = 0.9) was at or above the accepted level for competency (≥3) for participating trainees. Available CTS-R ratings (n = 22) supported the supervisor report findings for those particular trainees.Clinical implicationsThis study indicates that trainees under supervision can provide meaningful clinical interventions when delivering CBT to selected cases. The costs of supervision need to be judged against these clinical gains.
Personal experience: Suicide and psychiatric care – a lament
Authors: Holmes Jeremy 
Published: February 2015

SummaryA personal bereavement from suicide prompts a critique of current mental healthcare. Fragmentation, lack of long-term attachment to a tenured professional, the dearth of family therapy, and professional ambivalence are identified as weaknesses in current provision. Implicit is the case for change in UK psychiatric services, both structural (need for long-term therapies) and cultural (need for a mentalising rather than protocol-driven, ‘choice’-led ethos).