bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dust properties and their variations in comet C/2013 X1 (PANSTARRS)
Authors: Shubina Olena , Zubko Evgenij , Kleshchonok Valerii , Ivanova Oleksandra V. , Husárik Marek , Videen Gorden 
Published: June 2024

Context. We analyze the results of photometric monitoring of comet C/2013 X1 (PANSTARRS) from December 2015 until January 2016 obtained within B, V, and R Johnson–Cousins filters.
Aims. The main objective is to investigate the dust coma and to obtain the physical characteristics of its dust particles.
Methods. We analyzed our observations using model-agglomerated debris particles, and we constrained the microphysical properties of the dust in comet C/2013 X1 (PANSTARRS) on the pre-outburst and post-outburst epochs. Moreover, we applied a geometrical model to the images processed by digital filters to estimate the rotational period of the nucleus.
Results. Our campaign revealed a sharp increase in the comet brightness on January 1, 2016. The B − V and V − R colors calculated within an aperture size of 17 000 km appear to be mostly red, except for the outburst date. The dust production (A f ρ proxy) and normalized spectral gradient S′ (B − R) dramatically changed on January 2 as compared to what was seen in December 2015. According to this model, the C/2013 X1 coma was populated by 70% organic-matter particles by volume and by two types of silicate particles together, constituting the other 30%. One type of silicate particles was composed of Mg-rich silicates, whereas the other type was composed of both Mg-rich and Fe-poor silicates. Using the geometrical model, we estimate the nucleus rotational period to be (24.02 ± 0.02) h. We interpret the observed coma morphology by two jet structures, one structure that formed by the near-pole active area at a latitude of (85+5−3)°, and the other structure formed by an active area at a latitude of (+40 ± 5)°.
Enhanced particle acceleration in a pulsar wind interacting with a companion
Authors: Richard-Romei Valentina , Cerutti Benoît 
Published: June 2024

Context. Pulsar winds have been shown to be preferred sites of particle acceleration and high-energy radiation. Numerous studies have been conducted to better characterize the general structure of such relativistic plasmas in isolated systems. However, many pulsars are found in binary systems and there are currently no ab initio models available that would include both the pulsar magnetosphere and the wind of the pulsar in interaction with a spherical companion.
Aims. We investigate the interaction between a pulsar wind and a companion to probe the rearrangement of the pulsar wind, assess whether it leads to an enhancement of particle acceleration, and predict the high-energy radiative signature that stems from this interaction. We consider the regime where the companion is small enough to hold between two successive stripes of the wind.
Methods. We performed two-dimensional (2D) equatorial particle-in-cell simulations of an inclined pulsar surrounded by a spherical, unmagnetized, perfectly conducting companion settled in its wind. Different runs correspond to different distances and sizes of the companion.
Results. We find that the presence of the companion significantly alters the structure of the wind. When the companion lies beyond the fast magnetosonic point, a shock is established and the perturbations are advected in a cone behind the companion. We observe an enhancement of particle acceleration due to forced reconnection as the current sheet reaches the companion surface. Hence, high-energy synchrotron radiation is also amplified. The orbital light curves display two broad peaks reaching up to 14 times the high-energy pulsed flux emitted by an isolated pulsar magnetosphere. These effects increase with the growth of the companion size and with the decrease of the pulsar-companion separation.
Conclusions. The present study suggests that a pulsar wind interacting with a companion induces a significant enhancement of high-energy radiation that takes the form of an orbital-modulated hollow cone of emission, which should be detectable by galactic-plane surveys, possibly with long-period radio transient counterparts.
Dermatomyositis, Antisynthetase-Syndrom und immunvermittelte
nekrotisierende Myopathie
Authors: Holzer Marie-Therese , Krusche Martin , Kötter Ina 
Published: June 2024

ZusammenfassungDie inflammatorischen Myopathien werden heutzutage anhand von Klinik, Biopsie und
Antikörperstatus genauer gegliedert. Zumeist sind sowohl die Dermatomyositis,
das Antisynthetase-Syndrom (ASyS) und die Immunvermittelte nekrotisierende
Myopathie (IMNM) durch proximale Muskelschwäche gekennzeichnet, wobei jedoch
einige Entitäten auch amyopathisch verlaufen können. Je nach vorliegender
Antikörperart kann die Dermatomyositis jeweils unterschiedliche Manifestationen
aufweisen, wobei die interstitielle Lungenerkrankung (ILD) als häufigste
extramuskuläre Beteiligung zu erwähnen ist. Ein besonderes Augenmerk sollte auf
das Tumorscreening bei Vorliegen entsprechender Risikofaktoren, wie
beispielsweise bei anti-TIF1γ oder anti-NXP2-positivem Antikörperstatus bei
Erwachsenen, gelegt werden. Die IMNMs sind bekanntermaßen mit einer
Statinexposition assoziiert, allerdings sollte bedacht werden, dass eine
Statinexposition nicht zwingend nötig ist, um eine IMNM zu entwickeln. Das ASyS
präsentiert sich regulär mit einer Triade aus Myositis, Arthritis und ILD,
welche jedoch nicht immer vorliegen muss. Therapeutisch unterscheiden sich die
drei Gruppen initial nicht. Eine überbrückende Prednisolontherapie (je nach
Schweregrad oral oder intravenös) wird initiiert und je nach Grunderkrankung und
Organbeteiligung parallel eine steroidsparende Erhaltungstherapie etabliert.
Eine ergänzende Physiotherapie sowie bei Bedarf auch Ergo- oder Logopädie sind
wichtige Bausteine der Therapie und sollten frühzeitig begonnen werden.
Methodenvergleich zur Überwachung des Säuren-Basen-Status in
Milchviehherden
Authors: Gärtner Tanja , Reinhold Petra , Donat Karsten 
Published: June 2024

Zusammenfassung
Gegenstand und Ziel Störungen des Säuren-Basen-Status (SBS) in
Milchviehbeständen lassen sich durch die Bestimmung der
Netto-Säuren-Basen-Ausscheidung (NSBA) im Harn diagnostizieren. Modifikationen
dieser Methode sind die differenzierte NSBA (dNSBA) mit Bestimmung des
harnkonzentrationsunabhängigen Basen-Säuren-Quotienten (BSQ) und der
vereinfachte NSBA-Siebtest. Ziel dieser Studie war es, diese Methoden sowohl
untereinander als auch als Pooluntersuchung in ihrer Beurteilung des SBS von
Kuhgruppen zu vergleichen und daraus Empfehlungen für die Praxis abzuleiten.
Tiere, Material und Methoden Aus Harnproben von 855 Deutsch-Holstein-Kühen
in 127 Kuhgruppen verschiedener Laktationsstadien wurden die Konzentrationen der
NSBA, der dNSBA und der Siebtest-NSBA gemessen sowie der BSQ berechnet; dNSBA
und BSQ wurden einzeln und als Pool einer Gruppe bestimmt. In gemischten
linearen Modellen wurden für diese beiden Parameter die Beziehung zwischen dem
Mittelwert der Einzeltierwerte und dem Ergebnis der Poolprobenuntersuchung einer
Gruppe untersucht. Zudem wurden alle Gruppen anhand ihrer Einzeltierergebnisse
der jeweiligen Methoden, den daraus gebildeten Mittelwerten und des Messwertes
im Pool hinsichtlich azidotischer oder alkalotischer Belastung beurteilt und
unter Nutzung des Einzeltier-BSQ als Referenz die Sensitivität und Spezifität
der verschiedenen Methoden berechnet.
Ergebnisse Die Mittelwerte der Einzelmessungen von dNSBA und BSQ
unterschieden sich insbesondere in den Grenzbereichen vom Messwert in der
Poolprobe. In der Gruppenbeurteilung zeigte die NSBA die beste kombinierte
Sensitivität und Spezifität zur Erkennung von Störungen des SBS. Die
dNSBA-Pooluntersuchung zeigte eine gute Spezifität hinsichtlich Azidose und
Alkalose, während der NSBA-Siebtest auf Einzeltierbasis und die BSQ-Bestimmung
im Pool eine gute Sensitivität hinsichtlich Azidose aufwiesen.
Schlussfolgerungen und klinische Relevanz Es zeigte sich, dass die NSBA
auf Einzeltierbasis gut zur Beurteilung des SBS von Kuhgruppen geeignet ist und
daher für den Praxiseinsatz empfohlen werden kann. Die Bestimmung der dNSBA
sowie des BSQ als Pooluntersuchung ist nicht ausreichend zur Erkennung
alkalotisch belasteter Kuhgruppen, kann aber zur Bestätigung einer vorliegenden
azidotischen Last beitragen.
Sex and Equipment Impact on Lifting Velocity and the Maximum
Repetitions in Bench Press
Authors: Pérez-Castilla Alejandro , Martínez-Rubio Carlos , Baena-Raya Andrés , Díez-Fernández David M. , Hernández-Martínez Alba , Rodríguez-Pérez Manuel Antonio 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study investigated how equipment and sex affect the prediction accuracy of
the maximum number of repetitions performed to failure (RTF) using the fastest
mean velocity of the set (MVfastest). Sixteen men and twelve women
completed four sessions (two using free-weight equipment and two sessions using
the Smith machine). Each session involved three sets of repetitions to failure
against the 65%, 75%, and 85% of the one-repetition maximum, interspersed by
10-min of rest. The goodness-of-fit of the individualized
RTF-MVfastest relationships was comparable between both equipment
types and sexes (P≥0.510). Moreover, there were not significant
differences in the MVfastest associated with RTF between equipment
types (P≥0.258). However, the MVfastest associated with RTF
was higher for men than for women in repetitions 6 to 15 (P≤0.043;
ES≥0.69). In addition, the absolute errors when predicting RTF showed no
significant differences between equipment types and loads (P<0.444).
Specifically, these RTF estimates were within an acceptable range for men (<2
repetitions), but not for women (≥2 repetitions) (main effect of sex:
P≤0.018; ES≥0.58). These findings suggest that individualized
RTF-MVfastest equations estimate the RTF with an acceptable
precision in men during bench press exercises in both equipment types but
exhibit lower precision for women.
When Are Pregnant Patients Receiving Tranexamic Acid during Delivery Hospitalization in the United States?
Authors: Whitley Julia , Miran Seyedeh A. , Ma Phillip , Saade George , Roberts Ian , Ahmadzia Homa K. 
Published: June 2024

Objective The World Health Organization recommends tranexamic acid (TXA) in the management of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). However, the role of TXA in PPH prevention and the optimal timing of TXA administration remain unknown. Our objective was to describe the timing of TXA administration, differences in timing of TXA administration by mode of delivery, and current trends in TXA administration in the United States.
Study Design We conducted a descriptive study of trends in TXA administration using the Cerner Real-World Database. We identified 1,544,712 deliveries occurring at greater than 24 weeks' gestation from January 1, 2016, to February 21, 2023. Demographic data were collected including gestational age, mode of delivery, and comorbidities. The timing of TXA administration and differences in TXA timing by mode of delivery were also collected.
Results In our cohort, 21,433 patients (1.39%) received TXA. The majority of patients who received TXA were between ages 25 and 34 years old (55.3%), White (60.7%), and delivered between 37 and 416/7 weeks (81.4%). The TXA group had a higher prevalence of medical comorbidities including obesity (32.9 vs. 19.0%, p < 0.00001), preeclampsia (19.6 vs. 6.81%, p < 0.00001), and pregestational diabetes (3.27 vs. 1.36%, p < 0.00001). Among women who received TXA, 15.4% received it within 3 hours before delivery. Among patients who received TXA after delivery, 23.6% received TXA within 3 hours after delivery, whereas 35.7% received TXA between 10 and 24 hours after delivery. A total of 80.4% of patients who received TXA before delivery had a cesarean delivery.
Conclusion While TXA is most commonly administered after delivery, many patients are receiving TXA prior to delivery in the United States without clear evidence to guide the timing of administration. A randomized trial is urgently needed to determine the safety and efficacy of TXA when administered prior to delivery.
Key Points
Mental Health Support and Screening for Mood Disorders for Caregivers in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Is the Call to Arms Being Answered?
Authors: Lagoski Megan , Soghier Lamia , Lagata Joanne , Shivers Miller , Sadler Erin , Fischer Elizabeth , Borschuk Adrienne , House Melissa ,   Children's Hospitals Neonatal Consortium Perinatal Mood Anxiety Disorder Focus Group
Published: June 2024

Objective Perinatal mood and anxiety disorders (PMADs) affect many neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) parents and are a significant risk factor for maternal suicide. Lack of screening and treatment interferes with infant development and bonding, compounding risks in fragile infants. We aim to describe PMAD screening in level IV NICUs across the Children's Hospitals Neonatal Consortium (CHNC) and to determine the relationship between standardized screening and mental health professionals (MHPs) presence.
Study Design We surveyed experts at 44 CHNC NICUs about PMADs screening practices and presence of NICU-specific MHPs. Kruskal–Wallis test was used to examine relationships.
Results Of 44 centers, 34 (77%) responded. Fourteen centers (41%) perform screening with validated tools. Thirteen (38%) centers have NICU-dedicated psychologists. Formally screening centers tend to have higher cumulative MHPs (p = 0.089) than informally screening centers. Repeat screening practices were highly variable with no difference in the number of cumulative MHPs.
Conclusion Screening practices for PMADs vary across CHNC centers; less than half have additional MHPs beyond social workers. Creating a sustainable model to detect PMADs likely requires more MHPs in NICUs.
Key Points
Antibacterial Activity of Calcium Hydroxide and Zinc Oxide Combined with Several Solutions against Enterococcus faecalis Growth
Authors: Abdullah Syatirah-Najmi , Zaki Wan Nur Faizatulakmal Wan Ahmad , Mansor Syarifah Musyirah Qistina Sayed , Al-Kadhim Aws Hashim Ali , Ghafar Siti Aisyah Abd , Hanafiah Rohazila Mohamad 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Objective This study aims to compare the antimicrobial activity of calcium hydroxide (CaOH) and zinc oxide (ZnO) when incorporated with other solutions such as 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 1% povidone-iodine (PVP-I), and sterilized distilled water (ddH2O) against Enterococcus faecalis.
Materials and Methods The materials were prepared by mixing CaOH and ZnO with other solutions (CHX, PVP-I, NaOCl, and ddH2O) separately. The antibacterial activity of CaOH and ZnO mixtures against E. faecalis was done by using disk diffusion assay (DDA). Twofold serial dilutions of the mixtures were used against E. faecalis to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values. Biofilm inhibition of E. faecalis had been measured by using crystal violet assay.
Statistical Analysis The quantitative data of this study had been analyzed by using two-way analysis of variance with software SPSS version 27. The result is considered as significant if the value of analysis is p-value less than 0.05.
Results From the DDA results, the lowest zone of inhibition toward E. faecalis was CaOH-PVP-I (6.00 ± 0.00 mm), while the highest zone of inhibition toward E. faecalis was CaOH-CHX (22.73 ± 0.02 mm). Besides that, ZnO-PVP-I showed the lowest zone of inhibition (16.50 ± 0.06 mm), while ZnO-CHX showed the highest zone of inhibition (18.30 ± 0.08 mm) against E. faecalis. The MIC and MBC values of CaOH-CHX and ZnO-CHX were 0.78 and 6.25 mg/mL, respectively. In biofilm assay, CaOH-CHX and ZnO-CHX were reduced biofilm formation of E. Faecalis.
Conclusion Both CaOH-CHX and ZnO-CHX showed the highest antimicrobial activities toward E. faecalis. CaOH and ZnO alone showed no antimicrobial activities against E. faecalis.
SCN8A Encephalopathy with a Significant Long-Term Response to Lacosamide
Authors: Yokoyama Azusa , Nakamura Takuji , Ichinose Fumio , Miya Fuyuki , Kato Mitsuhiro , Matsuo Muneaki 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDevelopmental and epileptic encephalopathy associated with SCN8A variants (i.e., SCN8A encephalopathy) causes early-onset epilepsy, involuntary movements, hypotonia, and developmental delay. Sodium channel blockers are effective for treating SCN8A encephalopathy; however, the long-term effects are unknown. Herein, we report the long-term efficacy of lacosamide (LCM) treatment in a patient with SCN8A encephalopathy. Our patient, a 7-year-old girl, presented with a hyperekplexia-like excessive startle response, drug-resistant epilepsy with sinus arrest, and prolonged respiratory failure during the neonatal period. The patient was diagnosed with SCN8A encephalopathy caused by a de novo pathogenic variant of SCN8A: c.3979A > G; p.Ile1327Val. The patient experienced tonic clustered seizures daily, with dramatic responses to high doses of LCM, lasting approximately 3 years.
Machine translation of Chinese classical poetry: a comparison among ChatGPT, Google Translate, and DeepL Translator
Authors: Gao Ruiyao , Lin Yumeng , Zhao Nan , Cai Zhenguang G. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRecent studies have highlighted ChatGPT’s remarkable capabilities in machine translation. However, little attention has been paid to its application in literary translation, particularly within the realm of Chinese classical poetry. To explore the potential of ChatGPT’s abilities in poetry translation, we conducted a comparative analysis of poetry translation quality, contrasting ChatGPT (with two different prompts) with Google Translate and DeepL Translator regarding fidelity, fluency, language style, and machine translation style. The results revealed that ChatGPT outperformed Google Translate and DeepL Translator in all evaluation criteria, suggesting its exceptional ability in poetry translation. Furthermore, when employing a prompt that instructs ChatGPT to preserve the rhythm and rhyme of poems, ChatGPT demonstrated a remarkable ability to retain the beauty of the original poetic language, setting itself apart from conventional machine translation systems. Our analysis further elucidated ChatGPT’s proficiency in comprehending and translating some common symbols, imagery, and underlined semantic components which contributes to coherent and fluent translations. Our research opens up ChatGPT’s new possibilities in translating ancient literary texts into foreign languages.
Students’ structured conceptualizations of teamwork in multidisciplinary student teams using concept maps
Authors: van Woerden Roosmarijn , van Goch Merel M. , van der Tuin Iris , Schruijer Sandra G. L. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe design of effective teamwork teaching and learning for multidisciplinary student teams is subject to debate both in research as well as in practice. As researchers and educators, we need to understand the context in which students learn by understanding their experiences and their own conceptualizations of teamwork in multidisciplinary student teams, because that is the frame of reference in which they operate. Using a concept mapping method we aggregated student concept maps of their own teamwork, to understand student conceptualizations of teamwork. The results show that students identify four distinct clusters, the ‘interaction’ cluster, the ‘trust’ cluster, the ‘conflict/divergence’ cluster and the ‘innovation’ cluster. These clusters are strongly connected within themselves, but very weakly connected between clusters. What may be gathered from this is that students see four distinct aspects of teamwork, that have their own inner dynamics, but that is less clear to them how these different clusters influence or mediate each other.
A facility for cryogenic ion irradiation and in situ characterization of rare-earth barium copper oxide superconducting tapes
Authors: Devitre A. R. , Fischer D. X. , Woller K. B. , Clark B. C. , Short M. P. , Whyte D. G. , Hartwig Z. S. 
Published: June 2024

Superconducting magnets based on Rare Earth Barium Copper Oxides (REBCO) offer transformative capabilities in the fields of fusion energy, high energy physics, and space exploration. A challenge shared by these applications is the limited lifetime of REBCO due to radiation damage sustained during operation. Here we present a new ion-beam facility that enables simultaneous cryogenic irradiation and in situ characterization of commercial REBCO tapes. The ion source provides spatially uniform fluxes up to 1018 protons/m2s with kinetic energies up to 3.4 MeV, in addition to helium and higher-Z species. Using this facility, we can induce uniform damage profiles in the first 10–20 µm of REBCO tapes with less than 0.25 appm of hydrogen implanted in REBCO after a dose of 1020 protons/m2. The tape can be held between 20 and 300 K with an accuracy of ±0.1 K and is connected to a four-point probe measuring the critical current, Ic, and critical temperature, Tc, before, during, and after irradiation with transport current ranging from 100 nA to 100 A, and a typical voltage noise less than 0.1 μV. These capabilities are presently used to study the effect of irradiation temperature on REBCO performance change during and after proton bombardment, to assess the possibility of Ic and Tc recovery after irradiation through thermal annealing, and to explore the instantaneous and recoverable suppression of Ic and Tc observed during irradiation.
The role of indigenous and traditional foods in achieving food security in Africa: A bibliometric snapshot and farm-to-fork perspective
Authors: Owusu-Kwarteng James , Kehinde Bababode , Ohomeng-Boahen Godfred , Kojo Aduampong Mantey Joshua , Decardi-Nelson Theodora , Agyei Dominic 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Foods that are produced and processed locally using some forms of traditional knowledge are important for achieving food and nutrition security in Africa. These food crops are generally nutritious, being rich in essential nutrients and bioactive food compounds necessary for health promotion. Additionally, most African indigenous food crops are better adapted to local growing conditions, fulfil economic needs and are highly resistant to abiotic and climate-induced stresses. Hence, the proper utilisation of locally grown and wild foods crops will help contribute to the improvement of food security, nutrition value, health, and income generation in the African continent. In this review, we focus not only on the determinants of food insecurity in Africa but also discuss the scope, nutrition, and health impact of some common locally grown foods in Africa. We also highlight some traditional processing methods for harnessing the value of these foods, as well as farming and economic/agribusiness practices that can be used to promote the cultivation of foods in an African context. In conclusion, we reiterate that the production and processing of sustainable, locally available foods is essential to providing long-term food security for Africa. There is, therefore, the need for empowerment of local farmers and increased investments in research as well as the formulation of national/regional policies that intend to reduce food insecurity with emphasis on indigenous sustainable food systems for improved access to locally available, nutritious, and healthy foods in Africa.