bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiographic evaluation of different techniques for ridge preservation after tooth extraction: a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Jung Ronald E. , Philipp Alexander , Annen Beat M. , Signorelli Luca , Thoma Daniel S. , Hämmerle Christoph H.F. , Attin Thomas , Schmidlin Patrick 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the radiographic changes of the alveolar ridge following application of different ridge preservation techniques 6 months after tooth extraction.Materials and MethodsFour treatment modalities were randomly assigned in 40 patients: β‐tricalcium‐phosphate‐particles with polylactid coating (β‐TCP), demineralized bovine bone mineral with 10% collagen covered with a collagen matrix (DBBM‐C/CM), DBBM‐C covered with an autogenous soft‐tissue graft (DBBM‐C/PG) and spontaneous healing (control). Cone‐beam computed tomography scans were performed after treatment and 6 months later.ResultsAfter 6 months, the vertical changes ranged between −0.6 mm (−10.2%) for control and a gain of 0.3 mm (5.6%) for DBBM‐C/PG on the lingual side, and between −2.0 mm (−20.9%) for β‐TCP and a gain of 1.2 mm (8.1%) for DBBM‐C/PG on the buccal side. The most accentuated ridge width changes were recorded 1 mm below the crest: −3.3 mm (−43.3%, C), −6.1 mm (−77.5%, β‐TCP), −1.2 mm (−17.4%, DBBM‐C/CM) and −1.4 mm (−18.1%, DBBM‐C/PG). At all three levels, DBBM‐C with either CM or PG was not significantly differing (p > 0.05), while most other differences between the groups reached statistical significance (p < 0.05).ConclusionsApplication of DBBM‐C, covered with CM or PG, resulted in less vertical and horizontal changes of the alveolar ridge as compared with controls 6 months after extraction.
Bayesian network meta‐analysis of root coverage procedures: ranking efficacy and identification of best treatment
Authors: Buti Jacopo , Baccini Michela , Nieri Michele , La Marca Michele , Pini‐Prato Giovan P. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAimsThe aim of this work was to conduct a Bayesian network meta‐analysis (NM) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to establish a ranking in efficacy and the best technique for coronally advanced flap (CAF)‐based root coverage procedures.Material and MethodsA literature search on PubMed, Cochrane libraries, EMBASE, and hand‐searched journals until June 2012 was conducted to identify RCTs on treatments of Miller Class I and II gingival recessions with at least 6 months of follow‐up. The treatment outcomes were recession reduction (RecRed), clinical attachment gain (CALgain), keratinized tissue gain (KTgain), and complete root coverage (CRC).ResultsTwenty‐nine studies met the inclusion criteria, 20 of which were classified as at high risk of bias. The CAF+connective tissue graft (CTG) combination ranked highest in effectiveness for RecRed (Probability of being the best = 40%) and CALgain (Pr = 33%); CAF+enamel matrix derivative (EMD) was slightly better for CRC; CAF+Collagen Matrix (CM) appeared effective for KTgain (Pr = 69%). Network inconsistency was low for all outcomes excluding CALgain.ConclusionCAF+CTG might be considered the gold standard in root coverage procedures. The low amount of inconsistency gives support to the reliability of the present findings.
Ultrahigh‐pressure metamorphism in the magnesite + aragonite stability field: evidence from two impure marbles from the Dabie–Sulu UHPM belt
Authors: PROYER A. , ROLFO F. , ZHU Y.‐F. , CASTELLI D. , COMPAGNONI R. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractTwo magnesite‐bearing impure dolomitic marbles from the Dabie–Sulu ultrahigh‐pressure (UHP) region have been investigated to clarify if they had actually attained P–T conditions outside the dolomite stability field, limited by the reaction dolomite = aragonite + magnesite, and to test their potential for recording (U)HP conditions. In both cases, the silicate mineral assemblage records conditions around the terminal amphibole breakdown reaction: amphibole + aragonite ± quartz = clinopyroxene + talc, which is a good geobarometer between at least 2.0 and 2.6 GPa. At higher pressures, the terminal breakdown of talc to clinopyroxene + coesite is the last P–T milestone below 4 GPa recordable by the silicate assemblage, but evidence of former coesite is ambiguous. The dolomite dissociation curve becomes strongly divariant in Fe‐bearing marbles and may thus be attainable during cold subduction near the 5 °C km−1‘geotherm’. At least one of the samples (from Xinyan village, near Taihu, Dabie Shan) preserved relicts of both magnesite and aragonite and most likely attained conditions within the aragonite + magnesite stability field. For the second sample from Sanqingge village in the Sulu terrane, no certain evidence has been found in this study. Impure dolomitic marbles have considerable potential to preserve (ultra)high‐pressure relicts. Particularly, massive impure marbles that have not been pervasively infiltrated by fluids during exhumation are considered to preserve high‐pressure relicts better than metapelites, paragneisses and orthogneisses, and perhaps almost as well as eclogites or metaperidotites. The inconspicuous mineral assemblage clinopyroxene + talc or quartz (after former coesite) may in fact record UHP conditions.
New evidence of blueschist facies rocks and their geotectonic implication for Variscan suture(s) in the Bohemian Massif
Authors: FARYAD S. W. , KACHLÍK V. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBlueschist facies rocks, exposed within consolidated continental blocks, provide some of the best evidence for the existence of previous suture(s). They usually occur as lenses or layers embedded within greenschist or amphibolite facies rocks and indicate reequilibration at medium‐ to low‐pressure conditions. In the Bohemian Massif, a few occurrences of blueschists have been reported, and here, new evidence of high‐pressure (HP) metamorphism in various lithologies is presented that suggests a larger extent of blueschist facies rocks along the northern border of this Massif. An earlier blueschist facies metamorphism is documented by inclusions of glaucophane in garnet, epidote and titanite from metabasites along with zoned white mica having a phengitic core and a muscovite rim in metapelites and orthogneisses. The estimated P–T conditions, obtained using pseudosections and mineral isopleths, correspond to blueschist and low‐temperature eclogite facies conditions (1.1–2.0 GPa at 350–550 °C). Together with medium‐temperature eclogites from different units in the Bohemian Massif they indicate a geothermal gradient of 8–10 °C km−1, which is typical for cool subduction. Radiometric dating on phengite from metapelites confirms an early Palaeozoic cooling age of c. 360 Ma for this HP metamorphic event. The presence of blueschist facies rocks, their P–T relations and age constraint together with those from eclogite facies rocks allows us to locate the Variscan suture, which straddles the SE margin of Saxothuringian Zone from Erzgebirge to Sudetes, and its possible continuation to the Moldanubian Zone, where eclogite facies and UHPM rocks are abundant.
First find of polycrystalline diamond in ultrahigh‐pressure metamorphic terrane of Erzgebirge, Germany
Authors: DOBRZHINETSKAYA L. F. , WIRTH R. , GREEN H.W. , SCHREIBER A. , O’BANNON E. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis article describes polycrystalline diamond from the Erzgebirge ultrahigh‐pressure metamorphic (UHPM) terrane of the Bohemian massif related to the Variscan (340 Ma) continent–continent collision. The foils polycrystalline diamond included in zircon were prepared with focused ion beam (FIB) and studied with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Each domain of the polycrystalline diamond consisted of a series of diamond monocrystals (from 1 to 4 up to 15) containing numerous nanometric fluid and crystalline inclusions of SiO2, CaCO3, KCl and KAlSi3O8. The integrated chemistry of the nanoinclusions suggests that the polycrystalline diamond was crystallized from a mixture of two end‐members, which includes a carbon‐rich hydrous‐silicic fluid containing Si, Al, K and a hydrous‐saline fluid rich in Cl, K, Na. Traces of carbonate, sulphate and phosphate coupled with the presence of metallic cations such as Fe, Mg, Ti, Cr, Co, Zn, Zr, Pb, As and Hg found in the diamond are coherent with the local geochemical diversity of the host metasedimentary rocks. The oxidation state of the diamond‐forming fluid was close to C–CO buffer, for example, fO2 = −6 log units, which is at the upper limit of the diamond stability region. The presence of dislocation arrays indicating low‐angle grain boundaries together with ‘zig‐zag’ features or kinks at diamond grain boundaries reflects rapid crystallization of the polycrystalline diamond. Triangular fluid pockets with steps at the surface related to {110} and {111} planes of diamond could promote the formation of C–H and C–OH bonds that probably could facilitate the process of diamond graphitization. The microstructural features of polycrystalline diamond from the Erzgebirge UHPM terrane as well as their undisputed formation from crustal/organic carbon can be used for better understanding of the origin of any polycrystalline diamond formation from both kimberlitic and alluvial sources, including enigmatic polycrystalline black diamond – commonly called carbonado.
Origin and Tectonic Implication of Ophiolite and Eclogite in the Song Ma Suture Zone between the South China and Indochina Blocks
Authors: ZHANG R. Y. , LO C.‐H. , CHUNG S.‐L. , GROVE M. , OMORI S. , IIZUKA Y. , LIOU J. G. , TRI T. V. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractSoutheast Asia consists of several microcontinents that detached from the northeastern margin of Gondwanaland. The Song Ma belt in northern Vietnam consists of ophiolite, metabasite, metasedimentary rocks and eclogite, and it is thought to be a suture zone between the Indochina and South China blocks. However, the nature and boundaries of the Song Ma belt and the collision age of the two blocks have long been debated. In this article, petrological and geochemical studies on the Song Ma ophiolite and eclogite and first sensitive high‐resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) age dating of eclogite provide new light to resolve such debate. Eclogite consisting of garnet, omphacite, phengite, quartz, barroisite and rutile is closely associated with garnet–phengite–quartz schist in the ‘Nam Co antiform’, a northern subunit of the Song Ma belt. The eclogite experienced a three‐stage metamorphic evolution: (I) pre‐eclogite stage (amphibolite facies) defined by inclusions of taramite, barroisite, quartz, zoisite/epidote, mica, rutile & rare chlorite in garnet, (II) eclogite stage and (III) retrograde stage of amphibolite to greenschist facies. The P–T conditions of the three stages are of 14–16 kbar and 520–550 °C (I), 24–27 kbar and 650–750 °C (II), and 3–7 kbar and 430–510 °C (III), and show a clockwise P–T path based on their mineral assemblages and stability fields in the P–T pseudosection. Thermobarometric results yield similar peak pressure and temperature (26–28 kbar and 650–710 °C). These data suggest that the Song Ma eclogite underwent high‐pressure metamorphism in subduction zone with a low thermal gradient ∼8 °C km−1. The Song Ma ophiolite is composed of serpentinized peridotite, gabbro, basalt, mafic dyke and chert, and experienced ocean‐floor metamorphism. Metabasalt and gabbro of ophiolite suite and eclogite all have MORB‐type geochemical affinities. Zircon separates from eclogite have very low Th/U ratios of 0.01–0.05, indicating a metamorphic origin. SHRIMP U–Pb isotopic analyses of this zircon yield a 206Pb/238U weighted mean age of 230.5 ± 8.2 Ma. This age is interpreted as the closure age of the Paleotethys Ocean that separated the South China and Indochina blocks, and the subsequent collision of the two blocks that took place at the Middle Triassic corresponding to the major episode of the Indosinian Orogeny.
Distribution of the branched chain aminotransferase proteins in the human brain and their role in glutamate regulation
Authors: Hull Jonathon , Hindy Maya El , Kehoe Patrick G. , Chalmers Katy , Love Seth , Conway Myra E. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe branched chain aminotransferase enzymes (BCAT) serve as nitrogen donors for the production of 30% of de novo glutamate synthesis in rat brain. Despite the importance of this major metabolite and excitatory neurotransmitter, the distribution of BCAT proteins in the human brain (hBCAT) remains unreported. We have studied this and report, for the first time, that the mitochondrial isoform, hBCATm is largely confined to vascular endothelial cells, whereas the cytosolic hBCATc is restricted to neurons. The majority of hBCATc‐labelled neurons were either GABA‐ergic or glutamatergic showing both cell body and axonal staining indicating a role for hBCATc in both glutamate production and glutamate release during excitation. Strong staining in hormone secreting cells suggests a further role for the transaminases in hormone regulation potentially similar to that proposed for insulin secretion. Expression of hBCATm in the endothelial cells of the vasculature demonstrates for the first time that glutamate could be metabolized by aminotranferases in these cells. This has important implications given that the dysregulation of glutamate metabolism, leading to glutamate excitotoxicity, is an important contributor to the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative conditions, where the role of hBCATm in metabolizing excess glutamate may factor more prominently.
S‐nitrosylated protein disulfide isomerase contributes to mutant SOD1 aggregates in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Chen Xueping , Zhang Xiaosha , Li Chen , Guan Teng , Shang Huifang , Cui Liying , Li Xin‐Min , Kong Jiming 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA major hallmark of mutant superoxide dismutase (SOD1)‐linked familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is SOD1‐immunopositive inclusions found within motor neurons. The mechanism by which SOD1 becomes aggregated, however, remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of nitrosative stress and S‐nitrosylation of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) in the formation of SOD1 aggregates. Our data show that with disease progression inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was up‐regulated, which generated high levels of nitric oxide (NO) and subsequently induced S‐nitrosylation of PDI in the spinal cord of mutant SOD1 transgenic mice. This was further confirmed by in vitro observation that treating SH‐SY5Y cells with NO donor S‐nitrosocysteine triggered a dose‐dependent formation of S‐nitrosylated PDI. When mutant SOD1 was over‐expressed in SH‐SY5Y cells, the iNOS expression was up‐regulated, and NO generation was consequently increased. Furthermore, both S‐nitrosylation of PDI and the formation of mutant SOD1 aggregates were detected in the cells expressing mutant SOD1G93A. Blocking NO generation with the NOS inhibitor N‐nitro‐l‐arginine attenuated the S‐nitrosylation of PDI and inhibited the formation of mutant SOD1 aggregates. We conclude that NO‐mediated S‐nitrosylation of PDI is a contributing factor to the accumulation of mutant SOD1 aggregates in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Hypoxic preconditioning induces stroke tolerance in mice via a cascading HIF, sphingosine kinase, and CCL2 signaling pathway
Authors: Wacker Bradley K. , Perfater Jennifer L. , Gidday Jeffrey M. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe induction of ischemic tolerance by preconditioning provides a platform to elucidate endogenous mechanisms of stroke protection. In these studies, we characterize the relationship between hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF), sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2), and chemokine (C–C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) in models of hypoxic or pharmacological preconditioning‐induced ischemic tolerance. A genetics‐based approach using SphK2‐ and CCL2‐null mice showed both SphK2 and CCL2 to be necessary for the induction of ischemic tolerance following preconditioning with hypoxia, the hypoxia‐mimetic cobalt chloride, or the sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) agonist FTY720. A pharmacological approach confirmed the necessity of HIF signaling for all three preconditioning stimuli, and showed that the SphK/S1P pathway transduces tolerance via the S1P1 receptor. In addition, our data suggest significant cross‐talk between HIF and SphK2‐produced S1P signaling, which together act to up‐regulate CCL2 expression. Overall, HIF, SphK, S1P, and CCL2 participate in a signaling cascade to induce the gene expression responsible for the stroke‐tolerant phenotype established by hypoxic and FTY720 preconditioning. The identification of these common molecular mediators involved in signaling the genomic response to multiple preconditioning stimuli provides several targets for therapeutic manipulation.
Occlusal‐supporting ability of individual maxillary and mandibular teeth
Authors: Abe Y. , Nogami K. , Mizumachi W. , Tsuka H. , Hiasa K. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryThis study aimed to analyse occlusal force, area and pressure for individual maxillary and mandibular teeth by assessing their occlusal‐supporting abilities. Ninety‐nine subjects (49 men and 50 women; average age, 24·7 ± 3·4 years; range, 20–37 years) performed maximal voluntary clenching twice for 3 s in both the intercuspal position and the intercuspal position with sliding movement from edge‐to‐edge occlusion, with a pressure‐sensitive sheet placed between the maxillary and mandibular dental arch. Occlusal force, area and pressure of individual teeth were calculated by colour development in the pressure‐sensitive sheet with special analytical equipment and software. Occlusal contact condition of individual teeth was confirmed using the intra‐occlusal record. All data were analysed using unpaired Student's t‐test, Kruskal–Wallis test and Scheffe's test for multiple comparisons with a significance level of P < 0·05. The occlusal pressure in the intercuspal position with sliding movement from edge‐to‐edge occlusion was adopted as the representative occlusal‐supporting ability for each individual tooth, although there were, in part, statistically significant differences in the effects of laterality, performance and gender. Overall, the occlusal pressure increased gradually from the central incisor, peaked at the canine or first premolar and decreased sharply–and significantly (P < 0·01)–towards the second molar. We conclude that the occlusal pressure of individual teeth can be used as an indicator of occlusal‐supporting ability. This is therefore proposed as a possible suitable parameter for epidemiologic research, specifically for verifying the relationship between occlusal‐supporting ability and status of residual periodontal ligament support.
Melatonin treatment improves adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy for acute lung ischemia–reperfusion injury
Authors: Yip Hon‐Kan , Chang Yi‐Chih , Wallace Christopher Glenn , Chang Li‐Teh , Tsai Tzu‐Hsien , Chen Yung‐Lung , Chang Hsueh‐Wen , Leu Steve , Zhen Yen‐Yi , Tsai Ching‐Yen , Yeh Kuo‐Ho , Sun Cheuk‐Kwan , Yen Chia‐Hung 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis study investigated whether melatonin‐treated adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSC) offered superior protection against acute lung ischemia–reperfusion (IR) injury. Adult male Sprague‐Dawley rats (n = 30) were randomized equally into five groups: sham controls, lung IR–saline, lung IR–melatonin, lung IR–melatonin–normal ADMSC, and lung IR–melatonin–apoptotic ADMSC. Arterial oxygen saturation was lowest in lung IR–saline; lower in lung IR–melatonin than sham controls, lung IR–melatonin–normal ADMSC, and lung IR–melatonin–apoptotic ADMSC; lower in lung IR–melatonin–normal ADMSC than sham controls and lung IR–melatonin–apoptotic ADMSC; lower in lung IR–melatonin–apoptotic ADMSC than sham controls (P < 0.0001 in each case). Right ventricular systolic blood pressure (RVSBP) showed a reversed pattern among all groups (all P < 0.0001). Changes in histological scoring of lung parenchymal damage and CD68+ cells showed a similar pattern compared with RVSBP in all groups (all P < 0.001). Changes in inflammatory protein expressions such as VCAM‐1, ICAM‐1, oxidative stress, TNF‐α, NF‐κB, PDGF, and angiotensin II receptor, and changes in apoptotic protein expressions of cleaved caspase 3 and PARP, and mitochondrial Bax, displayed identical patterns compared with RVSBP in all groups (all P < 0.001). Numbers of antioxidant (GR+, GPx+, NQO‐1+) and endothelial cell biomarkers (CD31+ and vWF+) were lower in sham controls, lung IR–saline, and lung IR–melatonin than lung IR–melatonin–normal ADMSC and lung IR–melatonin–apoptotic ADMSC, and lower in lung IR–melatonin–normal ADMSC than lung IR–melatonin–apoptotic ADMSC (P < 0.001 in each case). In conclusion, when the animals were treated with melatonin, the apoptotic ADMSC were superior to normal ADMSC for protection of lung from acute IR injury.
Temperature‐dependent, behavioural, and transcriptional variability of a tritrophic interaction consisting of bean, herbivorous mite, and predator
Authors: Ozawa Rika , Nishimura Osamu , Yazawa Shigenobu , Muroi Atsushi , Takabayashi Junji , Arimura Gen‐ichiro 
Published: October 2012

AbstractDifferent organisms compensate for, and adapt to, environmental changes in different ways. In this way, environmental changes affect animal–plant interactions. In this study, we assessed the effect of temperature on a tritrophic system of the lima bean, the herbivorous spider mite Tetranychus urticae and the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis. In this system, the plant defends itself against T. urticae by emitting volatiles that attract P. persimilis. Over 20–40 °C, the emission of volatiles by infested plants and the subsequent attraction of P. persimilis peaked at 30 °C, but the number of eggs laid by T. urticae adults and the number of eggs consumed by P. persimilis peaked at 35 °C. This indicates that the spider mites and predatory mites performed best at a higher temperature than that at which most volatile attractants were produced. Our data from transcriptome pyrosequencing of the mites found that P. persimilis up‐regulated gene families for heat shock proteins (HSPs) and ubiquitin‐associated proteins, whereas T. urticae did not. RNA interference‐mediated gene suppression in P. persimilis revealed differences in temperature responses. Predation on T. urticae eggs by P. persimilis that had been fed PpHsp70‐1 dsRNA was low at 35 °C but not at 25 °C when PpHsp70‐1 expression was very high. Overall, our molecular and behavioural approaches revealed that the mode and tolerance of lima bean, T. urticae and P. persimilis are distinctly affected by temperature variability, thereby making their tritrophic interactions temperature dependent.