bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The RAdio Galaxy Environment Reference Survey (RAGERS)
Authors: Zhou D. , Greve T. R. , Gullberg B. , Lee M. M. , Di Mascolo L. , Dicker S. R. , Romero C. E. , Chapman S. C. , Chen C.-C. , Cornish T. , Devlin M. J. , Ho L. C. , Kohno K. , Lagos C. D. P. , Mason B. S. , Mroczkowski T. , Wagg J. F. W. , Wang Q. D. , Wang R. , Brinch M. , Dannerbauer H. , Jiang X.-J. , Lauritsen L. R. B. , Vijayan A. P. , Vizgan D. , Wardlow J. L. , Sarazin C. L. , Sarmiento K. P. , Serjeant S. , Bhandarkar T. A. , Haridas S. K. , Moravec E. , Orlowski-Scherer J. , Sievers J. L. R. , Tanaka I. , Wang Y.-J. , Zeballos M. , Laza-Ramos A. , Liu Y. , Hassan M. S. R. , Jwel A. K. M. , Nazri A. A. , Lim M. K. , Ibrahim U. F. S. U. 
Published: August 2024

Context.High-redshift radio(-loud) galaxies (HzRGs) are massive galaxies with powerful radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and serve as beacons for protocluster identification. However, the interplay between HzRGs and the large-scale environment remains unclear.Aims.To understand the connection between HzRGs and the surrounding obscured star formation, we investigated the overdensity and spatial distribution of submillimeter-bright galaxies (SMGs) in the field of 4C 23.56, a well-known HzRG atz = 2.48.Methods.We used SCUBA-2 data (σ ∼ 0.6 mJy) to estimate the 850 μm source number counts and examine the radial and azimuthal overdensities of the 850 μm sources in the vicinity of the HzRG.Results.The angular distribution of SMGs is inhomogeneous around the HzRG 4C 23.56, with fewer sources oriented along the radio jet. We also find a significant overdensity of bright SMGs (S​850 μm ≥ 5 mJy). Faint and bright SMGs exhibit different spatial distributions. The former are concentrated in the core region, while the latter prefer the outskirts of the HzRG field. High-resolution observations show that the seven brightest SMGs in our sample are intrinsically bright, suggesting that the overdensity of bright SMGs is less likely due to the source multiplicity.
Revisiting empirical solar energetic particle scaling relations
Authors: Papaioannou Athanasios , Herbst Konstantin , Ramm Tobias , Lario David , Veronig Astrid M. 
Published: August 2024

Aims. The space radiation environment conditions and the maximum expected coronal mass ejection (CME) speed are assessed by investigating scaling laws between the peak proton flux and fluence of solar energetic particle (SEP) events with the speed of the CMEs.
Methods. We used a complete catalog of SEP events, covering the last ∼25 years of CME observations (i.e., 1997–2017). We calculated the peak proton fluxes and integrated event fluences for events that reached an integral energy of up to E > 100 MeV. For a sample of 38 strong SEP events, we first investigated the statistical relations between the recorded peak proton fluxes (IP) and fluences (FP) at a set of integral energies of E > 10 MeV, E > 30 MeV, E > 60 MeV, and E > 100 MeV versus the projected CME speed near the Sun (VCME) obtained by the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory/Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph (SOHO/LASCO). Based on the inferred relations, we further calculated the integrated energy dependence of both IP and FP, assuming that they follow an inverse power law with respect to energy. By making use of simple physical assumptions, we combined our derived scaling laws to estimate the upper limits for VCME, IP, and FP by focusing on two cases of known extreme SEP events that occurred on 23 February 1956, (GLE05) and in AD774/775, respectively. Based on the physical constraints and assumptions, several options for the upper limit VCME associated with these events were investigated.
Results. A scaling law relating IP and FP to the CME speed as VCME5 for CMEs ranging between ∼3400–5400 km/s is consistent with values of FP inferred for the cosmogenic nuclide event of AD774/775. At the same time, the upper CME speed that the current Sun can provide possibly falls within an upper limit of VCME ≤ 5500 km/s.
S2k-Guideline Non-hormonal Contraception, Part 2: Intrauterine Devices and Sterilization
Authors: Böttcher Bettina , Beckermann Maria J. , Berger Barbara , Cremers Jann Frederik , DʼCosta Elisabeth , Frank-Herrmann Petra , Freundl-Schütt Tanja , Friedrich Cornelia , Funck Sören , Gathmann Christine , Goeckenjan Maren , Goette Sabine , Hancke Katharina , Leiber-Caspers Christian , Maeffert Jana , Merki Gabriele , Oppelt Patricia , Renteria Saira-Christine , Richter-Unruh Annette , Schäfer Sebastian Daniel , Schardt Anne-Rose , Schernus Nina , Schumann-Doermer Claudia , Seyler Helga , Sieber Christine , Sonntag Barbara , Stöcker Gabriele , Toth Bettina , Tunkel Angela , Wallwiener Lisa-Maria , Segerer Sabine 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Aim This official guideline was published and coordinated by the DGGG, OEGGG and SGGG with the involvement of other medical societies. The aim was to provide a consensus-based overview of non-hormonal forms of contraception based on an evaluation of the relevant literature. The first part of these summarized statements and recommendations presents natural family planning methods such as lactational amenorrhea, barrier methods and coitus interruptus. The second part focuses on intrauterine devices and sterilization.
Methods This S2k-guideline was developed by representative members from different medical professions on behalf of the guidelines commission of the DGGG, OEGGG and SGGG using a structured consensus process.
Recommendations The guideline provides recommendations on the indications for, safety of use, benefits, and limitations of the different methods as well as recommendations on providing advice and other aspects of non-hormonal contraception. This summary presents recommendations and statements about intrauterine devices and female and male sterilization.
Development, Optimization, and Validation of an in vitro Cell-Based Bioassay to Determine the Biological Activity of Teriparatide (PTH1–34)
Authors: Luo Tao , Lu Jianguang , Guo Chen , Feng Xue , Xu Jun , Feng Jun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to establish an efficient in vitro cell-based assay to measure the activity of teriparatide (PTH1–34). In this study, a rat osteosarcoma cell line (UMR-106) was treated with various concentrations of PTH1–34, and the biological activity of PTH1–34 was determined by quantitatively measuring intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels using a time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay. A four-parameter fitting analysis was used to calculate the relative potency of the samples. The experimental conditions were optimized. The method's specificity, relative accuracy, precision, and linearity were validated. Our data suggested that this method had good specificity, a relative bias of relative accuracy ranging from −0.8 to 1.4%, a correlation coefficient for the linear regression equation of 0.9953, a geometric coefficient of variation for intermediate precision ranges from 2.0 to 3.5%, and a linear range of 50 to 150%. This method significantly improves the quality control and release inspection efficiency of PTH1–34 and may be further developed and validated as an alternative to the existing United States Pharmacopeia and European Pharmacopoeia inclusion methods. This method also provides a platform for the high-throughput screening of PTH1–34 analogs.
Quantitative Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) for Distinguishing Metastatic Lymph Nodes from Nonmetastatic Among Patients with Rectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yazdi Seyedeh Nooshin Miratashi , Moradi Sahand Adib , Rasoulighasemlouei Seyedeh Sahel , Parouei Fatemeh , Hashemi Mohamad Ghazanfari 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Objective The objective of this research was to assess the proficiency of quantitative dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (QDCE-MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in distinguishing between metastatic and nonmetastatic lymph nodes in cases of rectal carcinoma.
Method This meta-analysis was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses standards. Two independent reviewers systematically searched databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. The research took place in July 2022, with no restriction on the initial date of publication. For the analysis, we utilized Stata software (version 16.0), Review Manager (version 5.3), and the Open Meta-Analyst computational tool.
Results A total of 19 studies consisting of 1,451 patients were included in the current meta-analysis. The differences between metastatic and nonmetastatic lymph node parameters were significant by using short axis and Ktrans (6.9 ± 4 vs. 5.4 ± 0.5, 0.22 ± 0.1 vs. 0.14 ± 0.1, respectively). Contrast-enhanced MRI (CE-MRI) showed 73% sensitivity, 71% specificity, and 79% accuracy in detecting metastatic lymph nodes among rectal cancer patients based on six included studies (n = 530). The overall sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of QDCE-MRI using Ktrans was calculated to be 80, 79, and 80%, respectively. Furthermore, PET-computed tomography (CT) showed a sensitivity of 80%, specificity of 91%, and accuracy of 86% in distinguishing metastatic lymph nodes. Quality utility analysis showed that using CE-MRI, QDCE-MRI, and PET-CT would increase the posttest probability to 69, 73, and 85%, respectively.
Conclusion QDCE-MRI demonstrates a commendable sensitivity and specificity, but slightly overshadowed by the higher specificity of PET-CT at 91%, despite comparable sensitivities. However, the heterogeneity in PET-CT sensitivity across studies and its high specificity indicate variability that can influence clinical decision-making. Thus, combining these imaging techniques and perhaps newer methods like PET/MRI could enhance diagnostic accuracy, reduce variability, and improve patient management strategies in rectal cancer.
A multi-orbital Hund’s rules-based ionic Hamiltonian for transition metal atoms: high-order equation of motion method approach and Kondo resonances
Authors: Goldberg E C , Tacca M S , Flores F 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A multi-orbital ionic Hamiltonian is presented to analyze the many-body properties of the d-transition metal atoms. This Hamiltonian considers all the atomic states obeying the first Hund’s rule and also includes all orbital degeneracy, as well as the interaction of the atom with a metal. We analyze the solution of this ionic Hamiltonian by means of the equation of Motion method up to the fourth order, V
4, in the atom-metal interaction. Equations for the appropriate Green-functions for analyzing the chemical and transport properties of the system are given for different atom occupancies. In particular, we introduce a full analysis of the multi-orbital Hamiltonian including atomic configurations with N, N + 1 and N − 1 electrons, and discuss its Kondo properties. The shells d
1, d
2 and d
3 are analyzed in detail and Kondo energies are deduced in all these cases showing good agreement with the conventional known results.
Negative thermal expansion in hexagonal VF3 predicted by first-principles calculation
Authors: Yang Dingfeng , Xia Hongxu , Tang Yurou , Pi Mingyu , Li Yuanyuan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Searching negative thermal expansion (NTE) materials is challenging. Herein, hexagonal VF3 is predicted as a new NTE material for the first time. VF3 displays NTE property in the temperature range from 0 to 380 K, and the minimum NTE coefficient(α) is approximately −4.68 × 10−6 K−1 at 120 K. The NTE mechanism was ascribed to the vibrations of F atom with larger atomic displacement parameters, which dominates the negative Grüneisen parameters. The difference of minimum NTE coefficient between VF3 and TiF3 might be caused by their different chemical bond strength between Ti–F and V–F. This research provides a deeper understanding between NTE and crystal structure.
Exact non-Hermitian mobility edges and robust flat bands in two-dimensional Lieb lattices with imaginary quasiperiodic potentials
Authors: Jiang Xiang-Ping , Zeng Weilei , Hu Yayun , Liu Peng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The mobility edge (ME) is a critical energy delineates the boundary between extended and localized states within the energy spectrum, and it plays a crucial role in understanding the metal–insulator transition in disordered or quasiperiodic systems. While there have been extensive studies on MEs in one-dimensional non-Hermitian (NH) quasiperiodic lattices recently, the investigation of exact NH MEs in two-dimensional (2D) cases remains rare. In the present study, we introduce a 2D dissipative Lieb lattice (DLL) model with imaginary quasiperiodic potentials applied solely to the vertices of the Lieb lattice. By mapping this DLL model to the 2D NH Aubry–André–Harper model, we analytically derive the exact ME and find it associated with the absolute eigenenergies. We find that the eigenvalues of extended states are purely imaginary when the quasiperiodic potential is strong enough. Additionally, we demonstrate that the introduction of imaginary quasiperiodic potentials does not disrupt the flat bands inherent in the system. Finally, we propose a theoretical framework for realizing our model using the Lindblad master equation. Our results pave the way for further investigation of exact NH MEs and flat bands in 2D dissipative quasiperiodic systems.
Optimizing network insights: AI-Driven approaches to circulant graph based on Laplacian spectra
Authors: Raza Ali , Munir Muhammad Mobeen , Hussain Muhammad 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The study of Laplacian and signless Laplacian spectra extends across various fields, including theoretical chemistry, computer science, electrical networks, and complex networks, providing critical insights into the structures of real-world networks and enabling the prediction of their structural properties. A key aspect of this study is the spectrum-based analysis of circulant graphs. Through these analyses, important network measures such as mean-first passage time, average path length, spanning trees, and spectral radius are derived. This research enhances our understanding of the relationship between graph spectra and network characteristics, offering a comprehensive perspective on complex networks. Consequently, it supports the ability to make predictions and conduct analyses across a wide range of scientific disciplines.
Analytical modeling of contact resistance and recombination for silicon heterojunction solar cells using hybrid carrier selective passivating contacts
Authors: Bilal Bisma , Najeeb-ud-Din Hakim 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Silicon heterojunction solar cells using Carrier Selective Passivating Contacts (CSPC) are the potential contenders for high efficiency next generation photovoltaics. Besides numerical simulations, the mathematical analysis of parameters affecting the performance of these cells is gaining considerable attention. In this work, the factors affecting the selectivity of silicon heterojunction solar cell using Hybrid Carrier Selective Passivating Contacts (H-CSPC) are investigated. This includes the evaluation of contact resistance and recombinations in the device. The contact resistance is analyzed in terms of partial resistances wherein an equivalent resistance model for the cell using H-CSPC is devised and resistances are inspected using quasi fermi level collapse over the contacts. The selectivity of the cell at each contact is examined and the condition for maximum selectivity is derived. Further, the recombinations in different regions of the cell using H-CSPC are analyzed. The recombinations at the TiO2/c-Silicon interface strongly deteriorate the V

oc
of the cell which is quantified using an analytical model under interface defect constraints and the results obtained are compared with simulations.
Magnetohydrodynamics Marangoni boundary-layer copper/water nanofluid flow driven by surface temperature gradient over a rotating disk
Authors: Lin Yanhai , Cao Luqi , Tan Zhen , Tan Wenchang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Marangoni driving problem is very important in many practical science engineering, such as semiconductor industry, crystal growth, aerospace, material synthesis. Consider these applications, this work we investigate Marangoni boundary-layer Copper/Water nanofluid driven by the surface temperature gradient over a rotating disk in the presence of magnetic field. Buongiorno model of nanofluids, which contains two important terms, thermophoresis and Brownian motion, are taken into account. Rotating disk model is established, also a suitable Kármán transformation and the multi-shooting technique are applied. Graphical discussion include free stream concentration, rotating speed, magnetic field, Marangoni driving, thermophoresis, Brownian diffusion, Prandtl number, and Schmidt number. The results show that rotating speed inertia and Marangoni driving force tend to reduce temperature/concentration and thickness of thermal/mass boundary layer, while free stream concentration and magnetic field raise up. Meanwhile, Prandtl number tends to reduce temperature, while thermophoresis and Brownian diffusion raise up, and Schmidt number has little influence on temperature, and Schmidt number and Brownian diffusion tend to reduce concentration, while thermophoresis raises up, and Prandtl number has an important influence on concentration. For most selected values of physical parameters, as the nanofluid far away from the disk, the local temperature decreases directly, and the local concentration firstly increases to a peak and then decreases to zero.
DNA dynamic coding image encryption algorithm with a meminductor chaotic system
Authors: Wang Jianhui , Huang Wenqi , Wang Zian , Wang Junwei , Chen Kairui 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
With the acceleration of information technology development, the protection of information security becomes increasingly critical. Images, as extensively used multimedia tools, encounter serious challenges in safeguarding sensitive data, including personal privacy and business confidentiality. This research presents a novel algorithm for color image encryption, that combines a meminductor chaotic system and DNA encoding cross-coupling operations to enhance image security and effectively prevent unauthorized access and decryption. Initially, this paper designs an equivalent circuit model for the Meminductor and constructs the corresponding chaotic system, followed by an in-depth analysis of its nonlinear dynamic characteristics. Then, artificial neuron is employed to perturb the original chaotic sequence generated by the system, resulting in a highly random mixed sequence. The original image is then subjected to rearrangement and encoding through Arnold transformation and dynamic DNA encoding techniques. Additionally, this research introduces a DNA encoding cross-coupling operation method that operates at the block level of pixels to diffuse and confuse image data, enhancing the complexity of the image encryption algorithm. Finally, a dynamic decoding technique is employed to decode the encoded image, yielding the encrypted result. Experimental results show that the algorithm is capable of providing larger key space and higher complexity in image encryption applications, and is able to withstand various types of attacks.
A numerical approach to levitated superconductors and its application to a superconducting cylinder in a quadrupole field
Authors: Hofer J 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Magnetically levitated superconductors in the Meissner state can be utilized as micro-mechanical oscillators with large mass, high quality factors and long coherence times. In previous works analytical solutions for the magnetic field distribution around a superconducting sphere in a quadrupole field have been found and used to derive the trap parameters, while non-spherical geometries have only been investigated in a few idealized cases. However, superconductors of almost arbitrary shape can be used as levitators in a magnetic trap and, as the trap’s properties depend strongly on the superconductor’s shape, allow for a wider parameter regime to be accessed. Finite element models are suitable to obtain the field distribution around arbitrarily shaped superconductors in arbitrary fields, but have not yet been used widely in the context of levitated superconductors. Here we present a simple numerical model for this purpose and use it to calculate the field distribution around cylindrical superconductors in a quadrupole field and to evaluate the trap parameters. We find that the cylindrical shape, compared to spherical levitators, allows for substantially higher trap frequencies and coupling strengths. This in turn reduces the demands on vibration isolation and significantly eases the requirements for feedback cooling to the ground state. The numerical model is provided in a file repository and can easily be adapted to various geometries and trap fields.
Micromagnetic study of exchange bias effect in sub-micron dots of Co2MnSi interfaced with uncompensated IrMn
Authors: Perarasan T , Arunachalam Harish Nanda , Chandramohan S , Tripathi Jitendra Kumar , Sinha Jaivardhan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Owing to its crucial role in spintronics devices, the exchange bias (EB) phenomenon has been extensively investigated in various ferromagnet (FM) and antiferromagnet (AFM) bilayers since its discovery in Co/CoO core–shell nanoparticles. In this study, we present the emergence of negative EB for the first time in the Co2MnSi Heusler alloy interfacing with an uncompensated AFM, exhibiting analogous anisotropy to the IrMn. Due to the high pinning and IrMn anisotropy values, EB is stronger here. Investigation into the influence of ferromagnetic layer thickness (tFM) on exchange bias reveals an inverse relationship, while coercivity displays a non-monotonic increase. The analysis of spin canting angles suggests the presence of a maximum canting angle in the Co2MnSi layer close to the interface. We thoroughly analyze the spin configurations at the interface as well as away from it in the Co2MnSi (25 nm)/IrMn (5 nm) bilayer to better understand the mechanism of magnetization reversal. Interestingly, our findings unveiled distinct spin behaviors for the first and second reversals. In cases of small AFM thicknesses (tAFM), the exchange field is proportionate to the tAFM, contrasting with large tAFM, where it scales as 1/tAFM. Notably, coercivity demonstrates an increasing behavior across all tAFM variations. The angular dependence of the Heusler alloy revealed a four-fold symmetry indicative of cubic anisotropy and a two-fold symmetry representative of uniaxial anisotropy. The angular dependency study of exchange bias indicated similar clockwise (CW) and counterclockwise (CCW) rotations, with cos (θ) unidirectional dependence. However, loop shifting revealed that the lower pinning ability at 0° was due to a low Meiklejohn-Bean parameter (R) value. Additionally, through the manipulation of the R-parameter, we can tune the magnitude of the coercive field and EB. All these results are crucial for the utilization of the Co2MnSi/IrMn heterostructures for various applications in spintronics-based devices.