bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tumor‐associated macrophages: A sentinel of innate immune system in tumor microenvironment gone haywire
Authors: Malik Shaivy , Sureka Niti , Ahuja Sana , Aden Durre , Zaheer Samreen , Zaheer Sufian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe tumor microenvironment (TME) is a critical determinant in the initiation, progression, and treatment outcomes of various cancers. Comprising of cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAF), immune cells, blood vessels, and signaling molecules, the TME is often likened to the soil supporting the seed (tumor). Among its constituents, tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) play a pivotal role, exhibiting a dual nature as both promoters and inhibitors of tumor growth. This review explores the intricate relationship between TAMs and the TME, emphasizing their diverse functions, from phagocytosis and tissue repair to modulating immune responses. The plasticity of TAMs is highlighted, showcasing their ability to adopt either protumorigenic or anti‐tumorigenic phenotypes based on environmental cues. In the context of cancer, TAMs' pro‐tumorigenic activities include promoting angiogenesis, inhibiting immune responses, and fostering metastasis. The manuscript delves into therapeutic strategies targeting TAMs, emphasizing the challenges faced in depleting or inhibiting TAMs due to their multifaceted roles. The focus shifts towards reprogramming TAMs to an anti‐tumorigenic M1‐like phenotype, exploring interventions such as interferons, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and small molecule modulators. Noteworthy advancements include the use of CSF1R inhibitors, CD40 agonists, and CD47 blockade, demonstrating promising results in preclinical and clinical settings. A significant section is dedicated to Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) technology in macrophages (CAR‐M cells). While CAR‐T cells have shown success in hematological malignancies, their efficacy in solid tumors has been limited. CAR‐M cells, engineered to infiltrate solid tumors, are presented as a potential breakthrough, with a focus on their development, challenges, and promising outcomes. The manuscript concludes with the exploration of third‐generation CAR‐M technology, offering insight into in‐vivo reprogramming and nonviral vector approaches. In conclusion, understanding the complex and dynamic role of TAMs in cancer is crucial for developing effective therapeutic strategies. While early‐stage TAM‐targeted therapies show promise, further extensive research and larger clinical trials are warranted to optimize their targeting and improve overall cancer treatment outcomes.
Transesophageal echocardiography diagnosis of abnormal left atrium to inferior vena cava communication: A case report
Authors: Xu Hui , Cao Dian‐Bo , Li Xiao‐Dong 
Published: July 2024

Key Clinical MessageAbnormal traffic between the left atrium (LA) and inferior vena cava (IVC) in the database is currently rare. Herein, we present a unique case of abnormal traffic between the LA and the IVC, which was diagnosed using transesophageal echocardiography and confirmed by computed tomography angiography. This case substantiates the superiority of transesophageal echocardiography over transthoracic echocardiography in detecting specific site lesions.
The Effect of Reactive Oxygen Species on Respiratory Complex I Activity in Liposomes
Authors: Eisermann Jana , Liang Yuxin , Wright John J. , Clifford Eleanor , Wilton‐Ely James D. E. T. , Kuimova Marina K. , Roessler Maxie M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRespiratory complex I (R‐CI) is an essential enzyme in the mitochondrial electron transport chain but also a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are implicated in neurodegenerative diseases and ageing. While the mechanism of ROS production by R‐CI is well‐established, the feedback of ROS on R‐CI activity is poorly understood. Here, we perform EPR spectroscopy on R‐CI incorporated in artificial membrane vesicles to reveal that ROS (particularly hydroxyl radicals) reduce R‐CI activity by making the membrane more polar and by increasing its hydrogen bonding capability. Moreover, the mechanism that we have uncovered reveals that the feedback of ROS on R‐CI activity via the membrane is transient and not permanent; lipid peroxidation is negligible for the levels of ROS generated under these conditions. Our successful use of modular proteoliposome systems in conjunction with EPR spectroscopy and other biophysical techniques is a powerful approach for investigating ROS effects on other membrane proteins.
Surface Plasmon Resonance Allows to Correlate Molecular Properties With Diffusion Coefficients of Linear Chain Alcohols
Authors: Basile Giuseppe Stefano , Calcagno Damiano , Pandino Irene , Pietropaolo Adriana , Schifino Gioacchino , Tuccitto Nunzio , Zingale Gabriele Antonio , Grasso Giuseppe 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEvery biological and physicochemical process occurring in a fluid phase depends on the diffusion coefficient (D) of the species in solution. In the present work, a model to describe and fit the behaviour of
as a function of structure and extensive thermodynamics parameters in binary solutions of linear chain organic molecules is developed. Supporting experimental and computational evidences for this model are obtained by measuring
for a series of
‐alcohols through a novel surface plasmon resonance method and molecular dynamics simulations. This allows to propose a kind of combined analysis to explain the dependence of
on various thermodynamic and structural parameters. The results suggest that for small linear systems in the range from 0 to 200 g mol−1 and under the assumption that the diffusive activation energy is a linear function of mass,
is strictly dependent on the molecular shape and on the relative strength of the solute‐solvent intermolecular forces represented by a parameter named R. The newly proposed approach can be utilized to characterize and monitor progressive changes in physicochemical properties for any investigated species upon increasing the dimension of the aggregate/molecule along a certain direction.
Syntheses of Diarylmethanes Via an Oxidative Benzylic Functionalization of P‐Alkyl Phenol Derivatives Under Quaternary Ammonium Hypoiodite Catalysis
Authors: Pollheimer David , Mairhofer Christopher , Waser Mario 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe herein report two strategies for the quaternary ammonium hypoiodite‐mediated oxidative benzylic functionalization of p‐alkyl phenol derivatives. By using either dibenzoylperoxide or H2O2 in hexafluoroisopropanol in the presence of tetrabutyl ammonium iodide gives access to activated intermediates which can then be coupled with electron‐rich aromatic compounds. Overall, this sequential two‐step one‐pot procedure gives access to diversely decorated diarylmethane derivatives straightforwardly. Furthermore, the suitability of these products to undergo further oxidation reactions was successfully demonstrated.
Boron‐Nitrogen‐Containing Benzene Valence Isomers
Authors: Ozaki Tomoya , Liu Shih‐Yuan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBenzene is one of the most ubiquitous structural motifs in chemistry. The valence isomers of benzene have also attracted synthetic chemists’ attention due to their unique structures, bonding, and reactivity. We have been investigating boron‐nitrogen‐containing benzene valence isomers via photoisomerization of 1,2‐azaborines. In this contribution, we summarize recent developments of these highly strained BN‐heterocyclic compounds including their synthesis, characterization, proposed mechanism of formation, and their potential applications.
Closed‐loop baroreflex model with biophysically detailed afferent pathway
Authors: Fernandes Luciano Gonçalves , Müller Lucas Omar , Feijóo Raúl Antonino , Blanco Pablo Javier 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this work, we couple a lumped‐parameter closed‐loop model of the cardiovascular system with a physiologically‐detailed mathematical description of the baroreflex afferent pathway. The model features a classical Hodgkin–Huxley current‐type model for the baroreflex afferent limb (primary neuron) and for the second‐order neuron in the central nervous system. The pulsatile arterial wall distension triggers a frequency‐modulated sequence of action potentials at the afferent neuron. This signal is then integrated at the brainstem neuron model. The efferent limb, representing the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system, is described as a transfer function acting on heart and blood vessel model parameters in order to control arterial pressure. Three in silico experiments are shown here: a step increase in the aortic pressure to evaluate the functionality of the reflex arch, a hemorrhagic episode and an infusion simulation. Through this model, it is possible to study the biophysical dynamics of the ionic currents proposed for the afferent limb components of the baroreflex during the cardiac cycle, and the way in which currents dynamics affect the cardiovascular function. Moreover, this system can be further developed to study in detail each baroreflex loop component, helping to unveil the mechanisms involved in the cardiovascular afferent information processing.
High‐precision single‐event transient hardened comparator with the sensitive node transient detection feedback latch technique
Authors: Xie Yuqiao , Xu Tao , Liu Zhongyang , Qiu Guoji , Bi Dawei , Hu Zhiyuan , Zhang Zhengxuan , Zou Shichang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper comprehensively perfects the sensitive node transient detection feedback latch (SNTDFL) technique, subsequently conceptualizes an ideal hardening structure for the pre‐amplification stage, and proposes a radiation hardened by design (RHBD) strategy to cope with the severe single‐event transient (SET) effects of high‐precision voltage comparators in a space radiation environment. Analysis and verification results show that the hardening strategy exhibits excellent SET hardening performance, which can not only detect extremely small transient voltage disturbances at sensitive nodes but also effectively resist transient current pulses of various intensities generated by SETs. Compared with an unhardened high‐precision comparator, the proposed one, hardened with a hybrid strategy of SNTDFL and triple modular redundancy (TMR) techniques, can greatly preserve the original electrical properties and remarkably improve the tolerance of SET with little overhead. In addition, the proposed high‐precision comparator significantly reduces static power consumption compared with the one hardened with the TMR technique alone and has a smaller area overhead.
Evolution of leapfrog migration: A test of competition‐based hypotheses
Authors: Hedh Linus , Dänhardt Juliana , Hedenström Anders 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLeapfrog migration is a common migration pattern in birds where the breeding and wintering latitudes between populations are in reversed latitudinal sequence. Competition for wintering and breeding sites has been suggested to be an ultimate factor, and several competitor‐based hypotheses have been proposed to explain this pattern. If wintering sites close to the breeding sites are favored, competitive exclusion could force subdominant individuals to winter further away. Competitive exclusion could be mediated either through body size or by prior occupancy. The alternative “spring predictability” hypothesis assumes competition for sufficiently close wintering areas, allowing the birds to use autocorrelated weather cues to optimally time spring migration departure. To test predictions and assumptions of these hypotheses, we combined morphometrics, migration, and weather data from four populations of common ringed plover breeding along a latitudinal (56–68° N) and climatic gradient (temperate to Arctic). Critical for our evaluation was that two populations were breeding on the same latitude in subarctic Sweden with the same distance to the closest potential wintering site, but differed in breeding phenology, and wintered in West Africa and Europe, respectively. Thus, while breeding on the same latitude, their winter distribution overlapped with that of an Arctic and temperate population. Body size was largest within the temperate population, but there was no size difference between the two subarctic populations. Populations wintering in Europe arrived there before populations wintering in Africa. The largest variation in the arrival of meteorological spring occurred at the temperate breeding site, while there was almost no difference among the other sites. In general, temperatures at the northernmost wintering area correlated well with each breeding site prior to breeding site‐specific spring arrival. Based on these observations, we conclude that competitive exclusion through body‐size‐related dominance cannot explain leapfrog migration. Furthermore, the assumptions on which the “spring predictability” hypothesis is based did not match the observed wintering ranges either. However, we could not reject the hypothesis that competitive exclusion mediated by prior occupancy in the wintering area could lead to leapfrog migration, and therefore, this hypothesis should be retained as working hypothesis for further work.
Can we identify tipping points of resilience loss in Mediterranean rangelands under increased summer drought?
Authors: Cardozo Gerónimo A. , Volaire Florence , Chapon Pascal , Barotin Charlène , Barkaoui Karim 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMediterranean ecosystems are predicted to undergo longer and more intense summer droughts. The mechanisms underlying the response of herbaceous communities to such drier environments should be investigated to identify the resilience thresholds of Mediterranean rangelands. A 5‐year experiment was conducted in deep and shallow soil rangelands of southern France. A rainout shelter for 75 days in summer imposed drier and warmer conditions. Total soil water content was measured monthly to model available daily soil water. Aboveground net primary production (ANPP), forage quality, and the proportion of graminoids in ANPP were measured in spring and autumn. Plant senescence and plant cover were assessed in summer and spring, respectively. The experimental years were among the driest ever recorded at the site. Therefore, manipulated summer droughts were drier than long‐term ambient conditions. Interactions between treatment, community type, and experimental year were found for most variables. In shallow soil communities, spring plant cover decreased markedly with time. This legacy effect, driven by summer plant mortality and the loss of perennial graminoids, led to an abrupt loss of resilience when the extreme water stress index exceeded 37 mm 10 day−1, characterized by a reduction of spring plant cover below 50% and a decreased ANPP in rainy years. Conversely, the ANPP of deep soil communities remained unaffected by increased summer drought, although the presence of graminoids increased and forage nutritive value decreased. This study highlights the role of the soil water reserve of Mediterranean plant communities in modulating ecosystem responses to chronically intensified summer drought. Communities on deep soils were resilient, but communities on shallow soils showed a progressive, rapid, and intense degradation associated with a loss of resilience capacity. Notably, indexes of extreme stress were a better indicator of tipping points than indexes of integrated annual stress. Considering the role of soil water availability in other herbaceous ecosystems should improve the ability to predict the resilience of plant communities under climate change.
Recent updates on diet‐derived gut microbial metabolites
Authors: Prasain Jeevan K. , Barnes Stephen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEmerging evidence indicates that the health‐beneficial effects of ingested food components depend on in part, their upper and lower gastrointestinal uptake and metabolism and the gut microbial composition of the host. Several dietary components, such as polyphenols, are poorly absorbed in the upper intestinal compartments and extensively metabolized by the colonic microbiota resulting in the production of an array of metabolites. These microbiota‐mediated products possess specific solubility, reactivity, bioavailability, and biological activities. However, identifying and characterizing a wide range of metabolites is challenging due to the high chemical diversity of dietary components and interindividual variability of the gut microbiota. It is, therefore, critical to design an animal model that effectively mimics human microbial metabolism and use multidisciplinary omics approaches such as metabolomics to detect and identify a wide range of metabolites. Here, we provide the current state of knowledge of major diet‐derived gut microbial metabolites and their potential biological activities.
Changes in 6‐min walk test is an independent predictor of death in chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Myhre Peder L. , Kleiven Øyunn , Berge Kristian , Grundtvig Morten , Gullestad Lars , Ørn Stein 
Published: July 2024

AimsFunctional capacity provides important clinical information in patients with heart failure (HF) and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). The 6‐min walk test (6MWT) is a simple and inexpensive tool for assessing functional capacity and risk. Although change in 6MWT is frequently used as a surrogate outcome in HF trials, the association with mortality is unclear. We aimed to assess the prognostic importance of changes in 6MWT.Methods and resultsPatients with chronic HFrEF referred to HF outpatient clinics in Norway completed a 6MWT at the first visit (baseline) and at a stable follow‐up visit after treatment optimization (follow‐up). Absolute and relative changes in 6MWT were analysed in association with mortality risk using Cox regression models and flexible cubic splines. The study included 3636 HFrEF patients aged 67.3 ± 11.6 years, 23% women, with left ventricular ejection fraction 30 ± 7%. At baseline, mean 6MWT was 438 ± 125 m, median N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) 1574 (732–3093) ng/L, and 27% had New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III/IV. After optimization of guideline‐directed medical therapy (median 147 [86–240] days), 6MWT increased by mean 40 ± 74 m, NT‐proBNP decreased by median 425 (14–1322) ng/L, and NYHA class improved in 38% of patients. Patients with greater improvements in 6MWT were younger, with greater improvements in NYHA class (r = 0.27, p < 0.001) and larger reductions in NT‐proBNP concentrations (r = 0.19, p < 0.001). After mean 845 ± 595 days, 419 (11.5%) patients were dead. Both absolute and relative changes in 6MWT were non‐linearly associated with survival, attenuating as 6MWT increased. A 50 m increase in 6MWT was associated with a 17% lower mortality risk (hazard ratio 0.84, 95% confidence interval 0.77–0.90, p < 0.001) in the fully adjusted model, including changes in NYHA class, NT‐proBNP concentrations, and other established risk factors. The associations were more pronounced in patients with lower baseline 6MWT and higher age.ConclusionImprovement in 6MWT in patients with HFrEF is associated with increased survival, independent of changes in NT‐proBNP and NYHA class. These findings support 6MWT change as a surrogate outcome in HF trials.
MXenes for the zinc anode protection of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries
Authors: Dong Xiaoyu , Liu Ao , Peng Cong , Huang Yan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe progress of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries faces several challenges in zinc electrode technologies. Nevertheless, MXenes exhibit versatile functionalities, such as tunable terminal groups, excellent conductivity, and diverse chemical composition, making them highly suitable for integration into aqueous zinc‐ion batteries. This review highlights recent breakthroughs in employing MXenes to enhance the stability of zinc anodes, encompassing strategies such as protective coatings, incorporation of MXenes into zinc frameworks, and electrolyte enhancements. By employing these novel methods, researchers seek to tackle crucial issues concerning the stability and efficiency of zinc electrodes, thus promoting the commercial viability of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries.
Low‐cost portable EEG device for bridging the diagnostic gap in resource‐limited areas
Authors: Armand Larsen Sidsel , Klok Louise , Lehn‐Schiøler William , Gatej Radu , Beniczky Sándor 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo develop a low‐cost portable EEG system, with real‐time automated guidance, for application in resource‐limited areas, to bridge the diagnostic and treatment gap.MethodsWe designed, developed, and produced a low‐cost system, which records 27‐channel EEG plus ECG and streams the signals to an application on a smartphone, which assesses the quality of the signal and gives feedback to the inexperienced user to correct the poor quality signals and reduce artifacts. The application guides the inexperienced user through the steps of recording routine clinical EEG. The recordings are uploaded to a secure cloud, for telemedicine applications. We recruited 10 participants without prior experience with recording EEG. After a brief training session, the participants recorded EEGs following the guidance from the app, without help from human experts. We assessed the usability of the system, with the System Usability Scale (SUS), and we evaluated the impedances and signal quality of the test EEGs recorded by the inexperienced users.ResultsAll users completed the test EEG recordings, and none of the recordings were of insufficient quality for clinical use. The SUS score was 90.3 ± 6.8, and the average quality rating was 8.04.SignificanceThe low‐cost, portable EEG system, which uses automated, real‐time guidance for conducting EEG recordings, enables inexperienced users to record EEGs of a quality sufficient for clinical applications. This system has the potential to provide EEG services in resource‐limited areas, and thereby help bridge the diagnostic and therapeutic gap.
Concise analytical solutions to negative‐stiffness inerter‐based DVAs for seismic and wind hazards considering multi‐target responses
Authors: Su Ning , Chen Zhaoqing , Zeng Cong , Xia Yi , Bian Jing 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPractical engineering structures are subjected to hazardous seismic‐ and wind‐ induced vibrations during their lifetime. They should be designed based on capacity and serviceability targets. Similarly, the design of dynamic vibration absorbers (DVAs) should also meet multiple requirements. However, most current analytical approaches are based on a single‐target response and may lead to cumbersome expressions for complicated scenarios. To address these issues, concise solutions to negative‐stiffness inerter‐based DVAs are proposed in this paper. Firstly, a generic analytical optimization approach for H‐norm solutions considering different response targets of displacement, velocity, acceleration, and transmissibility, is established. Subsequently, the concise solutions are derived based on Taylor's expansion of these analytical solutions by ignoring higher‐order items of the equivalent mass ratio. Finally, the application scope and effectiveness of the proposed concise solutions are discussed. Consequently, the resulting concise solutions are proved to be located close to the pareto fronts of multi‐target optimization results. They have shown superior performances than conventional solutions in controlling the structural capacity and serviceability indicators of a practical five‐story steel frame case under dynamic wind and seismic hazards. Conclusively, the proposed concise solutions are simple in expression and reveal excellent multi‐target performances, which can provide guidance and insights for the optimal design of DVAs.