bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic-time model at off-season germination
Authors: Mahajan Tarlochan Singh , Pandey Om Prakash 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Effect of static magnetic field on germination of mung beans is described. Seeds of mung beans, were exposed in batches to static magnetic fields of 87 to 226 mT intensity for 100 min. Magnetic time constant - 60.743 Th (Tesla hour) was determined experimentally. High value of magnetic time constant signifies lower effect of magnetic field on germination rate as this germination was carried out at off-season (13°C). Using decay function, germination magnetic constant was calculated. There was a linear increase in germination magnetic constant with increasing intensity of magnetic field. Calculated values of mean germination time, mean germination rate, germination rate coefficient, germination magnetic constant, transition time, water uptake, indicate that the impact of applied static magnetic field improves the germination of mung beans seeds even in off-season
Thermodynamic properties of water sorption isotherms of grape seed
Authors: Majd Kamran Maleki , Karparvarfard Seyed H. , Farahnaky Asgar , Ansari Sara 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
In this study the moisture sorption isotherm of grape seed was determined by using a static gravimetric method at 35-65°C and 0.108-0.821 water activity range. The sorption isotherms were found to be typical sigmoid shape of most food materials. Five models including the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (2-parameter), Guggenheim, Anderson and De Boer (3-parameter), Oswin (2-parameter), Ferro-Fontan (3-parameter) and Peleg (4-parameter) models were considered to fit the experimental data. The Ferro- Fontan and Peleg equations (at three temperatures 35, 45, 65°C) having R2 greater than 0.97 and lower values of standard error of estimate and deviation modulus gave the best fit of the experimental data throughout the entire range of water activity. The net isosteric heat of sorption, calculated by Calusius-Clapeyron equation on experimental data, was found to be a polynomial and exponential function of equilibrium moisture content within the temperature range investigated.
Pelletization of biomass waste with potato pulp content
Authors: Obidziński Sławomir 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
This paper presents the results of a research on the influence of potato pulp content in a mixture with oat bran on the power demand of the pelletization process and on the quality of the produced pellets, in the context of use thereof as a heating fuel. The tests of the densification of the pulp and bran mixture were carried out on a work stand whose main element was a P-300 pellet mill with the ‘flat matrix-densification rolls’ system. 24 h after the pellets left the working system, their kinetic durability was established with the use of a Holmen tester. The research results obtained in this way allowed concluding that increasing the potato pulp content in a mixture with oat bran from 15 to 20% caused a reduction of the power demand of the pellet mill. It was also established that as the pulp content in a mixture with oat bran increases from 15 to 25%, the value of the kinetic durability of the pellets determined using Holmen and Pfost methods decreases.
Influence of soil tillage and erosion on the dispersion of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid in agricultural soils
Authors: Todorovic Gorana Rampazzo , Rampazzo Nicola , Mentler Axel , Blum Winfried E.H. , Eder Alexander , Strauss Peter 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Erosion processes can strongly influence the dissipation of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid applied with Roundup Max® in agricultural soils; in addition, the soil structure state shortly before erosive precipitations fall can be a key parameter for the distribution of glyphosate and its metabolite. Field rain simulation experiments showed that severe erosion processes immediately after application of Roundup Max® can lead to serious unexpected glyphosate loss even in soils with a high presumed adsorption like the Cambisols, if their structure is unfavourable. In one of the no-tillage-plot of the Cambisol, up to 47% of the applied glyphosate amount was dissipated with surface run-off. Moreover, at the Chernozem site with high erosion risk and lower adsorption potential, glyphosate could be found in collected percolation water transported far outside the 2x2 m experimental plots. Traces of glyphosate were found also outside the treated agricultural fields.
Field Validation of DNDC and SWAP Models for Temperature and Water Content of Loamy and Sandy Loam Spodosols
Authors: Balashov Eugene , Buchkina Natalya , Rizhiya Elena , Farkas Csilla 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The objectives of the research were to: fulfil the preliminary assessment of the sensitivity of the soil, water, atmosphere, and plant and denitrification and decomposition models to variations of climate variables based on the existing soil database; validate the soil, water, atmosphere, and plant and denitrification and decomposition modelled outcomes against measured records for soil temperature and water content. The statistical analyses were conducted by the sensitivity analysis, Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficients and root mean square error using measured and modelled variables during three growing seasons. Results of sensitivity analysis demonstrated that: soil temperatures predicted by the soil, water, atmosphere, and plant model showed a more reliable sensitivity to the variations of input air temperatures; soil water content predicted by the denitrification and decomposition model had a better reliability in the sensitivity to daily precipitation changes. The root mean square errors and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficients demonstrated that: the soil, water, atmosphere, and plant model had a better efficiency in predicting seasonal dynamics of soil temperatures than the denitrification and decomposition model; and among two studied models, the denitrification and decomposition model showed a better capability in predicting the seasonal dynamics of soil water content.
Prediction of CEC Using Fractal Parameters by Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Bayat Hossein , Davatgar Naser , Jalali Mohsen 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The prediction of cation exchange capacity from readily available soil properties remains a challenge. In this study, firstly, we extended the entire particle size distribution curve from limited soil texture data and, at the second step, calculated the fractal parameters from the particle size distribution curve. Three pedotransfer functions were developed based on soil properties, parameters of particle size distribution curve model and fractal parameters of particle size distribution curve fractal model using the artificial neural networks technique. 1 662 soil samples were collected and separated into eight groups. Particle size distribution curve model parameters were estimated from limited soil texture data by the Skaggs method and fractal parameters were calculated by Bird model. Using particle size distribution curve model parameters and fractal parameters in the pedotransfer functions resulted in improvements of cation exchange capacity predictions. The pedotransfer functions that used fractal parameters as predictors performed better than the those which used particle size distribution curve model parameters. This can be related to the non-linear relationship between cation exchange capacity and fractal parameters. Partitioning the soil samples significantly increased the accuracy and reliability of the pedotransfer functions. Substantial improvement was achieved by utilising fractal parameters in the clusters.
Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration in Profiles of Polesie Lubelskie Peatlands
Authors: Szafranek-Nakonieczna Anna , Stêpniewska Zofia 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Soil respiration is a very important factor influencing carbon deposition in peat and reflecting the intensity of soil organic matter decomposition, root respiration, and the ease of transporting gases to the surface. Carbon dioxide release from three different peat soil profiles (0-80 cm) of the Polesie Lubelskie Region (Eastern Poland) was analyzed under laboratory conditions. Peat samples were incubated at 5, 10, and 20°C in aerobic and anaerobic environments, and their CO2-evolution was analyzed up to 14 days. The respiration activity was found to be in the range of 0.013-0.497 g CO2 kg-1 DW d-1. The respiratory quotient was estimated to be in the range of 0.51-1.51, and the difference in respiration rates over 10°C ranged between 4.15 and 8.72 in aerobic and from 1.15 to 6.53 in anaerobic conditions. A strong influence of temperature, depth, the degree of peat decomposition, pH, and nitrate content on respiration activity was found. Lack of oxygen at low temperature caused higher respiration activity than under aerobic conditions. These results should be taken into account when the management of Polish peatlands is considered in the context of climate and carbon storage, and physicochemical properties of soil in relation to soil respiration activity are considered.
Causal Mathematical Logic as a guiding framework for the prediction of “Intelligence Signals” in brain simulations
Authors: Lanzalaco Felix , Pissanetzky Sergio 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
A recent theory of physical information based on the fundamental principles of causality and thermodynamics has proposed that a large number of observable life and intelligence signals can be described in terms of the Causal Mathematical Logic (CML), which is proposed to encode the natural principles of intelligence across any physical domain and substrate. We attempt to expound the current definition of CML, the “Action functional” as a theory in terms of its ability to possess a superior explanatory power for the current neuroscientific data we use to measure the mammalian brains “intelligence” processes at its most general biophysical level. Brain simulation projects define their success partly in terms of the emergence of “non-explicitly programmed” complex biophysical signals such as self-oscillation and spreading cortical waves. Here we propose to extend the causal theory to predict and guide the understanding of these more complex emergent “intelligence Signals”. To achieve this we review whether causal logic is consistent with, can explain and predict the function of complete perceptual processes associated with intelligence. Primarily those are defined as the range of Event Related Potentials (ERP) which include their primary subcomponents; Event Related Desynchronization (ERD) and Event Related Synchronization (ERS). This approach is aiming for a universal and predictive logic for neurosimulation and AGi. The result of this investigation has produced a general “Information Engine” model from translation of the ERD and ERS. The CML algorithm run in terms of action cost predicts ERP signal contents and is consistent with the fundamental laws of thermodynamics. A working substrate independent natural information logic would be a major asset. An information theory consistent with fundamental physics can be an AGi. It can also operate within genetic information space and provides a roadmap to understand the live biophysical operation of the phenotype
Is Brain Emulation Dangerous?
Authors: Eckersley Peter , Sandberg Anders 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Brain emulation is a hypothetical but extremely transformative technology which has a non-zero chance of appearing during the next century. This paper investigates whether such a technology would also have any predictable characteristics that give it a chance of being catastrophically dangerous, and whether there are any policy levers which might be used to make it safer. We conclude that the riskiness of brain emulation probably depends on the order of the preceding research trajectory. Broadly speaking, it appears safer for brain emulation to happen sooner, because slower CPUs would make the technology‘s impact more gradual. It may also be safer if brains are scanned before they are fully understood from a neuroscience perspective, thereby increasing the initial population of emulations, although this prediction is weaker and more scenario-dependent. The risks posed by brain emulation also seem strongly connected to questions about the balance of power between attackers and defenders in computer security contests. If economic property rights in CPU cycles1 are essentially enforceable, emulation appears to be comparatively safe; if CPU cycles are ultimately easy to steal, the appearance of brain emulation is more likely to be a destabilizing development for human geopolitics. Furthermore, if the computers used to run emulations can be kept secure, then it appears that making brain emulation technologies ―open‖ would make them safer. If, however, computer insecurity is deep and unavoidable, openness may actually be more dangerous. We point to some arguments that suggest the former may be true, tentatively implying that it would be good policy to work towards brain emulation using open scientific methodology and free/open source software codebases
Analysis of Power Converter Losses in Vector Control System of a Self–Excited Induction Generator
Authors: Bašić Mateo , Vukadinović Dinko , Polić Miljenko 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
This paper provides analysis of losses in the hysteresis-driven three-phase power converter with IGBTs and free-wheeling diodes. The converter under consideration is part of the self-excited induction generator (SEIG) vector control system. For the analysis, the SEIG vector control system is used in which the induction generator iron losses are taken into account. The power converter losses are determined by using a suitable loss estimation algorithm reported in literature. The chosen algorithm allows the power converter losses to be determined both by type (switching/conduction losses) and by converter component (IGBT/diode losses). The overall power converter losses are determined over wide ranges of rotor speed, dc-link voltage and load resistance, and subsequently used for offline correction of the overall control system’s losses (efficiency) obtained through control system simulations with an ideal power converter. The control system’s efficiency values obtained after the correction are compared with the measured values.
Modeling and Identification of Nonlinear Cascade and Sandwich Systems with General Backlash
Authors: Vörös Jozef 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The paper deals with modeling and identification of nonlinear cascade and sandwich systems including general backlash, where instead of the straight lines determining the upward and downward parts of backlash characteristic, general curves are considered. This enables more precise modeling of mechanical parts and improves the performance of control systems. The analytical description of the general backlash leads to mathematical models of the cascade system with output general backlash and the sandwich system with internal general backlash, where all the model parameters are separated. Hence, the identification is solved as a quasi-linear problem. Iterative algorithms with internal variables estimation are proposed and illustrative examples are included.
18th-Century Daily Measurements and Weather Observations in the Se-Carpathian Basin: A Preliminary Analysis of the Timişoara Series (1780-1803)
Authors: Csernus-Molnár Ildikó , Kiss Andrea , Pócsik Edit 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Covering a period of 23 years, the Timişoara (in historical Banat region; today SW-Romania) series is the earliest known long-term 18th-century daily measurement (temperature, pressure) and weather observation series (precipitation, sky coverage, meteorological extremes), preserved in the south-eastern lowlands of the Carpathian Basin. Based on data derived from the original weather diary of the royal pharmacist Karl Joseph Klapka, in this paper the early instrumental measurement and daily observation series is presented referring to the temperature, pressure, precipitation conditions, cloudiness, wind, types of precipitation and extreme weather events that occurred in Timişoara in the period of 1780 -1803. The two daily temperature measurement series show very high (over r=0.95) correlations, while pressure series are also in good agreement with other known late 18th-century measurement series of the same period in the Carpathian Basin (Buda, Miskolc and Kežmarok). The Timişoara-series also contains important information concerning such weather extremes as the severe winter of 1784 or the unusual number of summer fog events in 1783 (presumably related to the Icelandic Lakagígar eruption), which are also reported in the present paper.
Effect of Climate Change on the Hydrological Character of River Maros, Hungary-Romania
Authors: Sipos György , Blanka Viktória , Mezősi Gábor , Kiss Tímea , Leeuwen Boudewijn van 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
It is highly probable that the precipitation and temperature changes induced by global warming projected for the 21st century will affect the regime of Carpathian Basin rivers, e.g. that of River Maros. As the river is an exceptionally important natural resource both in Hungary and Romania it is necessary to outline future processes and tendencies concerning its high and low water hydrology in order to carry out sustainable cross-border river management. The analyses were based on regional climate models (ALADIN and REMO) using the SRES A1B scenario. The modelled data had a daily temporal resolution and a 25 km spatial resolution, therefore beside catchment scale annual changes it was also possible to assess seasonal and spatial patterns for the modelled intervals (2021- 2050 and 2071-2010). Those periods of the year are studied in more detail which have a significant role in the regime of the river. The study emphasizes a decrease in winter snow reserves and an earlier start of the melting period, which suggest decreasing spring flood levels, but also a temporally more extensive flood season. Changes in early summer precipitation are ambiguous, and therefore no or only slight changes in runoff can be expected for this period. Nevertheless, it seems highly probable that during the summer and especially the early autumn period a steadily intensifying water shortage can be expected. The regime of the river is also greatly affected by human structures (dams and reservoirs) which make future, more detailed modelling a challenge.
Las organizaciones cooperativas: el proceso administrativo como parte de la gestión directiva
Authors: Torres Jaquez M.C.María Estela , Contreras Loera Marcela Rebeca 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
This paper shows partial results of a larger research that addresses the administrative process and its relationship to the use of government policies, as part of the management model of the cooperative fishery. The specific problem of this work is on the case of cooperative organization in Sinaloa and administrative process, as part of the management that makes the manager, which requires implementing strategies and techniques of common ownership structure and democratic management. The research was conducted in Sinaloa, the collection of information is performed using a semistructured interview three managers of the fishing cooperatives. Among the findings may indicate that the reality of fishing cooperatives shows that have analyzed the structure for executive management, however, evidence is emerging that planning and the most important decisions, such as date of capture and improving the physical infrastructure is not up to them, in these conditions we can see that although the steps are covered adequately, little will have been planning, since it is defined in the action lines to start the administrative process.
The world coffee sector under conditions of the second wave of the economic recession
Authors: Ploshchyk Nikolay 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
This article is devoted to research of tendencies and activities of the world coffee market. The author has described factors that influence the conjuncture of the coffee sector. It’s been found out that coffee market, comparatively to other markets, had had less impact from the economic recession. Made forecasting global consumption of coffee in 2015/16 harvest year.
Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein and High Sensitive C-Reactive Protein in Non-Diabetic, Pre-Diabetic and Diabetic Patients in the Acute Phase of the First Myocardial Infarction Treated by Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention / Oksidovani Lipoprotein Niske Gustine I Visokosenzitivni C-Reaktivni Protein Kod Nedijabetičara, Predijabetičara I Dijabetičara U Akutnoj Fazi Prvog Infarkta Miokarda Lečenog Primarnom Perkutanom Koronarnom Intervencijom
Authors: Trifunović Danijela , Stanković Sanja , Marinković Jelena , Banović Marko , Đukanović Nina , Vasović Olga , Vujisić-Tešić Bosiljka , Petrović Milan , Stepanović Jelena , Đorđević-Dikić Ana , Beleslin Branko , Nedeljković Ivana , Tešić Milorad , Ostojić Miodrag 
Published: May 2014

Summary
Background: Oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) are elevated in diabetes mellitus (DM) and associated with accelerated atherosclerosis. Little is known about their dynamics in the acute phase of ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), especially in relation to the presence of DM and pre-diabetes (pre-DM). This study aimed to analyze timedependent changes in ox-LDL and hs-CRP regarding the presence of pre-DM and DM in STEMI patients treated by primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI).
Methods: In 103 consecutive patients with the first anterior STEMI ox-LDL and hs-CRP were measured before pPCI, on day 2 and day 7 after pPCI.
Results: Patients were classified into: non-diabetics, pre-diabetics and diabetics. In each group the maximal ox-LDL concentration was found on admission, decreased on day 2 and reached the lowest values on day 7 (p<0.001). Diabetics had the highest ox-LDL concentrations compared to pre-diabetics and non-diabetics (on admission: p=0.028, on day 2: p=0.056, on day 7: p=0.004). hs-CRP concentration rose from admission, reached its peak on day 2 and decreased on day 7, in each group (p<0.001). Significant differences in hs-CRP concentrations were found between non-diabetics and pre-diabetics on admission (p=0.018) and day 2 (p=0.026). In a multivariate analysis DM was an independent determinant of high ox-LDL concentrations. Both ox-LDL and hs-CRP significantly correlated with Killip class, left ventricular ejection fraction, NT-proBNP and peak troponin I.
Conclusions: In patients with the first STEMI treated by pPCI there were significant differences in ox-LDL and hs-CRP concentrations between non-diabetics, pre-diabetics and diabetics. Ox-LDL and hs-CRP concentrations were related to heart failure parameters.