bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Untraceable dynamic‐identity‐based remote user authentication scheme with verifiable password update
Authors: Chang Ya‐Fen , Tai Wei‐Liang , Chang Hung‐Chin 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARYPeople are always concerned about privacy. Techniques tracing specific user activities may damage privacy seriously. To protect user privacy, a dynamic‐identity‐based remote user authentication scheme will be proposed in this manuscript. This scheme employs smart cards to achieve mutual authentication, and no verifier table is needed. Via this scheme, transmitted identities are always fresh such that untraceability is ensured, and a user can change his or her password after being authenticated successfully. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Commentaries on ‘Home safety education and provision of safety equipment for injury prevention’
Authors: Russell Kelly , Morrongiello Barbara , Phelan Kieran J. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThese are commentaries on a Cochrane review, published in the issue of EBCH, first published as: Kendrick D, Young B, Mason‐Jones AJ, Ilyas N, Achana FA, Cooper NJ, Hubbard SJ, Sutton AJ, Smith S, Wynn P, Mulvaney C, Watson MC, Coupland C. Home safety education and provision of safety equipment for injury prevention. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2012, Issue 9. Art. No.: CD005014. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD005014.pub3.
Commentary on ‘Psychological therapies for the treatment of post‐traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents’
Authors: David Daniel , Dobrean Anca 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis is commentary on a Cochrane review, published in the issue of EBCH, first published as: Gillie D, Taylor F, Gray C, O'Brien L, D'Abrew N. Psychological therapies for the treatment of post‐traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2012, Issue 12. Art. No.: CD006726. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006726.pub2.
Copper(I)–Cyanide Frameworks through Thermal or Photodecomposition of the Free Radical Diazo Initiator AIBN
Authors: Kaur Aman , Pintauer Tomislav 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThermal or photodecomposition of the classical free radical generating diazo reagent 2,2′‐azobis(2‐methylpropionitrile) (AIBN) was used as a source of cyanide anions in the synthesis of copper(I)–cyanide frameworks. The reported methodology utilizes the direct reduction of CuII(aa)(NN)X (aa = deprotonated amino acid, NN = bidentate nitrogen‐based ligand, X = Cl or Br) complexes by AIBN/ascorbic acid to yield seven novel coordination networks. Aromatic amines were directly incorporated into 1D CuI–CN chains. In the case of the aliphatic amine tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA), a 3D CuI–CN framework was obtained. This novel procedure is mild, applicable to a variety of nitrogen‐based ligands, and represents an efficient alternative to currently used hydrothermal or solvothermal methods.
Rare‐Earth‐Metal‐Promoted Hydroalumination
Authors: Schädle Christoph , Anwander Reiner 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe capability of bis(trimethylsilyl)amidoalane to act as a hydride transfer reagent in organolanthanide chemistry was investigated by probing its reactivity toward alkylyttrium complexes. Reaction with Cp*2YMe(thf) led to the isolation of the bimetallic complex Cp*2Y(μ‐H)2Al(Me)[N(SiMe3)2] (Cp* = 1,2,3,4,5‐pentamethylcyclopentadiene), whereas reaction with [Cp*YMe2]3 gave MeAl[N(SiMe3)2]2 as the only isolable hydride transfer product. The dimeric complex [Cp*Y{N(SiMe3)2}(μ‐H)]2 represents one possible product of the aforementioned reaction that could be structurally characterized. The use of [YMe3]n as the alkylyttrium source led to the isolation of Y[N(SiMe3)2]3, which displays competition between amide and hydride transfer. Finally, the performance of Cp*2Y(μ‐H)2Al(Me)[N(SiMe3)2] and [YMe3]n in the hydroalumination of 1‐octene was tested, and these compounds represent the first rare‐earth metal catalysts for this transformation.
Fabrication of Supercapacitors using Carbon Microspheres Synthesized from Resorcinol–Formaldehyde Resin
Authors: Ren Suzhen , Wang Meng , Jia Cuiying , Hao Ce , Wang Xuzhen 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA versatile procedure is investigated for the synthesis of carbon microspheres from resorcinol–formaldehyde (RF) resin and various catalysts, such as boric acid (H3BO3), hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), nitric acid (HNO3), ammonia (NH3⋅H2O), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Among the catalysts investigated in this work, ammonia is the most efficient for precisely controlling the size and morphology of the RF‐resin microspheres. Furthermore, the carbon microspheres (CRF‐6) derived from the RF‐6 resin microspheres that were synthesized by using the ammonia catalyst result in a high surface area: SBET of 473 m2 g−1 and Vtotal of 0.287 cm3 g−1. As a supercapacitor electrode material, they present a low resistance value (R) of 0.5 Ω in 6 mol L−1 KOH electrolyte. The maximum specific capacitance of the electrode measured by using cyclic voltammetry reaches 175.9 F g−1 at a scan rate of 1 mV s−1 and 139.5 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1 from galvanostatic charge–discharge measurements. The specific capacitance only decays 5.6 % after 500 cycles, which indicates that the sample possesses excellent cycle durability. The present study shows that the carbon microspheres synthesized using RF resin are electrically conductive materials with reduced mass‐transport resistance and improved supercapacitor performance reliability.
Network‐coding‐based multisource multirelay LDPC‐coded cooperative MIMO
Authors: Zhang Shunwai , Yang Fengfan , Tang Lei 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis paper investigates a network‐coding‐based multisource multirelay low‐density parity‐check coded cooperative multiple‐input multiple‐output scheme, where multiple receiving antennas are applied in the destination. Each relay cooperates with multiple sources via network coding. A joint iterative decoding is effectively carried out in the destination. The decoding algorithm agrees with the introduced equivalent joint Tanner graph that can be used to fully characterise low‐density parity‐check codes employed by the sources and relays. The outage probability of the network‐coding‐based coded cooperative multiple‐input multiple‐output scheme over Rayleigh fading channels is analysed, when maximal‐ratio combining is adopted in the destination. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations show that the investigated scheme can well combine cooperation diversity, multireceive diversity and channel coding gains, and clearly outperforms the coded noncooperation scheme under the same conditions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An attempt to improve accuracy of higher‐order statistics and spectra in direct numerical simulation of incompressible wall turbulence by using the compact schemes for viscous terms
Authors: Suzuki H. , Nagata K. , Sakai Y. , Hayase T. , Hasegawa Y. , Ushijima T. 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARYWe attempt to improve accuracy in the high‐wavenumber region in DNS of incompressible wall turbulence such as found in fully developed turbulent channel flow. In particular, it is shown that the improvement of accuracy of viscous terms in the Navier–Stokes equations leads to the improvement of accuracy of higher‐order statistics and various spectra. It is emphasized that increase in required computational cost will not be crucial when incompressible flow is simulated, because the introduction of a higher‐order scheme into the viscous terms does not increase computational cost for solving the Poisson equation. We introduced fourth‐order and eighth‐order central compact schemes for discretizing the viscous terms in DNS of a fully developed turbulent channel flow. The results are compared with those using second‐order and fourth‐order central‐difference schemes applied to the viscous terms and those obtained by the spectral method. The results show that accuracy improvement of the viscous terms improve accuracy of higher‐order statistics (i.e., skewness and flatness factors of streamwise velocity fluctuation) and various spectra of velocity and pressure fluctuations in the high‐wavenumber region. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
THEMIS observations of the magnetopause electron diffusion region: Large amplitude waves and heated electrons
Authors: Tang Xiangwei , Cattell Cynthia , Dombeck John , Dai Lei , Wilson Lynn B. , Breneman Aaron , Hupach Adam 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe present the first observations of large amplitude waves in a well‐defined electron diffusion region based on the criteria described by Scudder et al. [2012] at the subsolar magnetopause using data from one Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) satellite. These waves identified as whistler mode waves, electrostatic solitary waves, lower hybrid waves, and electrostatic electron cyclotron waves, are observed in the same 12 s waveform capture and in association with signatures of active magnetic reconnection. The large amplitude waves in the electron diffusion region are coincident with abrupt increases in electron parallel temperature suggesting strong wave heating. The whistler mode waves, which are at the electron scale and which enable us to probe electron dynamics in the diffusion region were analyzed in detail. The energetic electrons (~30 keV) within the electron diffusion region have anisotropic distributions with Te ⊥/Te ∥ > 1 that may provide the free energy for the whistler mode waves. The energetic anisotropic electrons may be produced during the reconnection process. The whistler mode waves propagate away from the center of the “X‐line” along magnetic field lines, suggesting that the electron diffusion region is a possible source region of the whistler mode waves.
Do diurnal aerosol changes affect daily average radiative forcing?
Authors: Kassianov Evgueni , Barnard James , Pekour Mikhail , Berg Larry K. , Michalsky Joseph , Lantz Kathy , Hodges Gary 
Published: May 2013

AbstractStrong diurnal variability of aerosol has been observed frequently for many urban/industrial regions. How this variability may alter the direct aerosol radiative forcing (DARF), however, is largely unknown. To quantify changes in the time‐averaged DARF, we perform an assessment of 29 days of high temporal resolution ground‐based data collected during the Two‐Column Aerosol Project on Cape Cod, which is downwind of metropolitan areas. We demonstrate that strong diurnal changes of aerosol loading (about 20% on average) have a negligible impact on the 24‐h average DARF when daily averaged optical properties are used to find this quantity. However, when there is a sparse temporal sampling of aerosol properties, which may preclude the calculation of daily averaged optical properties, large errors (up to 100%) in the computed DARF may occur. We describe a simple way of reducing these errors, which suggests the minimal temporal sampling needed to accurately find the forcing.
Is land subsidence increasing the exposure to sea level rise in Alexandria, Egypt?
Authors: Wöppelmann Guy , Le Cozannet Gonéri , de Michele Marcello , Raucoules Daniel , Cazenave Anny , Garcin Manuel , Hanson Susan , Marcos Marta , Santamaría‐Gómez Alvaro 
Published: May 2013

AbstractDelta margins are subject to relatively high rates of land subsidence and have the potential to significantly exacerbate future changes in sea levels predicted by global warming models used in impact studies. Through a combined analysis of GPS and persistent scatterer interferometry data, we determine that most of the coastline of Alexandria has been subject to moderate land subsidence over the past decade (0.4 mm/yr on average and up to 2 mm/yr locally). This contrasts to previous studies that suggested subsidence in excess of 3 mm/yr. Based on our findings, we infer that on multi‐century to millennia timescales, land subsidence in the area of Alexandria is dominated by tectonic setting and earthquakes or gravitational collapse episodes of a growth fault, whereas on shorter interseismic decadal to century timescales, subsidence rates are likely steady and moderate, in agreement with natural compaction and dewatering of the observed Holocene sediment layer.
Synthesis of Functionalized H‐[1]Benzopyrano[2,3‐b]pyridines by the Friedländer Approach: Antimycobacterial and Antimicrobial Profile
Authors: Haveliwala Dhaval D. , Kamdar Nimesh R. , Mistry Prashant T. , Patel Saurabh K. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA series of functionalized H‐[1]benzopyrano[2,3‐b]pyridine derivatives were synthesized by the Friedländer reaction of 2‐amino‐4‐oxo‐4H‐chromene‐3‐carbonitriles 1 with malononitrile, ethyl cyanoacetate, or acetophenone (Scheme). The synthesized compounds 2–4 were screened for their in vitro activity against antitubercular, antibacterial, and antifungal species (Fig., Table). Among the synthesized compounds, 3c and 4f were the most active with 99% inhibition against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, while compounds 2f, 3f, and 4d exhibited 69%, 63%, and 61% inhibition, respectively. The 4‐amino‐7,9‐dibromo‐1,5‐dihydro‐2,5‐dioxo‐2H‐chromeno[2,3‐b]pyridine‐3‐carbonitrile (3b) showed the most potent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Several chromeno[2,3‐b]pyridine derivatives showed equal or more potency against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans.
Dicyano(7‐methyl‐6‐oxo‐6H‐dibenzo[b,d]pyran‐9‐yl)methanide Salts via a Multicomponent Reaction
Authors: Khoobi Mehdi , Ramazani Ali , Foroumadi Alireza , Souldozi Ali , Ślepokura Katarzyna , Lis Tadeusz , Mahyari Amir , Shafiee Abbas , Joo Sang Woo 
Published: May 2013

AbstractDialkylammonium dicyano(7‐methyl‐6‐oxo‐6H‐dibenzo[b,d]pyran‐9‐yl)methanides 4a–4j are obtained in good yields via a simple reaction between 3‐acetylcoumarins (=3‐acetyl‐2H‐1‐benzopyran‐2‐ones) 1 and malononitrile (2) in EtOH (Table 1). In this reaction, a charge‐separated zwitterionic salt is formed.
Stereoconvergent Generation of a Contrasteric syn‐Bicyclopropylidene (=syn‐Cyclopropylidenecyclopropane) by Stille‐Like Coupling
Authors: Güney Murat , Eşsiz Selçuk , Daştan Arif , Balci Metin , De Lucchi Ottorino , Şahin Ertan , Fabris Fabrizio 
Published: May 2013

AbstractStereoisomerically pure endo‐ and exo‐7‐halo‐7‐(trimethylstannyl)benzonorcar‐3‐enes (=endo‐ and exo‐(1‐halo‐1a,2,7,7a‐tetrahydro‐1H‐cyclopropa[b]naphthalen‐1‐yl)trimethylstannane) 4 and 6 were selectively obtained by lithiumtin or magnesiumtin transmetalation in good yields (Scheme 2 and 3). The reaction of these compounds with copper(I) thiophene‐2‐carboxylate (CuTC) produced in both cases the corresponding CS‐symmetric bicyclopropylidene (=cyclopropylidenecyclopropane) syn‐1, a single diastereoisomer (Schemes 5 and 6). The structure of syn‐1 was undoubtedly elucidated by X‐ray single crystal diffraction. The coupling mechanism of the carbenoid cyclopropane is discussed (Scheme 7).
Two New Bis‐alkaloids from the Aerial Part of Piper flaviflorum
Authors: Wu Yu , Zheng Cheng‐Jian , Deng Xue‐Hong , Qin Lu‐Ping 
Published: May 2013

AbstractTwo new bis‐alkaloids, flavifloramides A (1) and B (2), as well as two known alkaloids, N‐trans‐feruloyltyramine (3) and paprazine (4), were isolated from the aerial part of Piper flaviflorum. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses, including 2D‐NMR techniques.
Organic Stereochemistry. Part 5
Authors: Testa Bernard , Vistoli Giulio , Pedretti Alessandro , Caldwell John 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis review continues a general presentation of the principles of stereochemistry with special reference to the medicinal sciences. Here, we discuss and illustrate molecular and clinical phenomena of stereoselectivity in pharmacological effects, namely activity differences between stereoisomers, principally enantiomers. The review begins with didactic models of chiral recognition, with a main focus on the early model ofEassonandStedman.There follows a Molecular Modeling (MM) and Molecular Dynamics (MD) depiction of the differential interaction of the enantiomers of hyoscyamine with cholinergic muscarinic receptors. The next section is devoted to various rationalizations in stereoselective pharmacological activity,e.g., the influence of optical purity on enantioselectivity,Pfeiffer's rule, and eudismic analysis. The review ends with selected examples taken from various fields of preclinical and clinical pharmacology, of differences between stereoisomers in terms of drug absorption, distribution, and excretion. The influence of conformational factor in molecular pharmacology will be discussed inPart 6, while stereoselective aspects of xenobiotic metabolism will be reviewed inParts 7and8.
Statistical corrections of spatially interpolated missing precipitation data estimates
Authors: Teegavarapu Ramesh S. V. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractSpatial interpolation methods used for estimation of missing precipitation data generally under and overestimate the high and low extremes, respectively. This is a major limitation that plagues all spatial interpolation methods as observations from different sites are used in local or global variants of these methods for estimation of missing data. This study proposes bias‐correction methods similar to those used in climate change studies for correcting missing precipitation estimates provided by an optimal spatial interpolation method. The methods are applied to post‐interpolation estimates using quantile mapping, a variant of equi‐distant quantile matching and a new optimal single best estimator (SBE) scheme. The SBE is developed using a mixed‐integer nonlinear programming formulation. K‐fold cross validation of estimation and correction methods is carried out using 15 rain gauges in a temperate climatic region of the U.S. Exhaustive evaluation of bias‐corrected estimates is carried out using several statistical, error, performance and skill score measures. The differences among the bias‐correction methods, the effectiveness of the methods and their limitations are examined. The bias‐correction method based on a variant of equi‐distant quantile matching is recommended. Post‐interpolation bias corrections have preserved the site‐specific summary statistics with minor changes in the magnitudes of error and performance measures. The changes were found to be statistically insignificant based on parametric and nonparametric hypothesis tests. The correction methods provided improved skill scores with minimal changes in magnitudes of several extreme precipitation indices. The bias corrections of estimated data also brought site‐specific serial autocorrelations at different lags and transition states (dry‐to‐dry, dry‐to‐wet, wet‐to‐wet and wet‐to‐dry) close to those from the observed series. Bias corrections of missing data estimates provide better serially complete precipitation time series useful for climate change and variability studies in comparison to uncorrected filled data series. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of evaporation and water fluxes in a column of dry saline soil subject to different water table levels
Authors: Hernández‐López María Fernanda , Gironás Jorge , Braud Isabelle , Suárez Francisco , Muñoz José Francisco 
Published: May 2013

AbstractDry saline soils are common in the arid and hyper‐arid basins located in the Chilean Altiplano, where evaporation from shallow groundwater is typically the major component of the water balance. Thus, a good understanding of evaporation processes is necessary for improving water resource planning and management in these regions. In this study, we conducted laboratory experiments with a natural saline soil column to estimate evaporation rates and assess the liquid and water vapor fluxes under different water table levels. Water content, electrical conductivity and temperature at different depths were utilized to assess the liquid and water vapor fluxes in the soil column. We observed movement of water that dissolves salts from the soil and transports them to areas in the column where they accumulate. Isothermal liquid flux was predominant, while thermal and isothermal liquid and thermal water vapor fluxes were negligible, except for deep water table levels where isothermal and thermal water vapor fluxes had similar magnitude but opposite directions. Differences observed in total fluxes for all water table levels were due to different upward and downward fluxes, which depend on changes in water content and temperature within the soil profile. Both the vapor flux magnitude and direction were found to be very sensitive to the choice of empirical parameters used in flux quantification, such as tortuosity and the enhancement factor for local temperature gradients in the air phase within the column. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Understanding the Molecular Basis of RNA Polymerase II Transcription
Authors: Zhang Su , Wang Dong 
Published: May 2013

AbstractSynthetic nucleic acid analogues have profoundly advanced our knowledge of DNA and RNA, as well as the complex biological processes that involve nucleic acids. As a pivotal enzyme, eukaryotic RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is responsible for transcribing DNA into messenger RNA, which then serves as a template to direct protein synthesis. Chemically modified nucleic acid analogues have greatly facilitated the structural elucidation of the RNA Pol II elongation complex and our understanding of the key chemical interactions governing RNA Pol II transcriptional fidelity. This review addresses major progress in RNA polymerase II mechanistic studies using modified nucleic acid analogues in recent years.
The Evolution and Practice of Institutional Research
Authors: Taylor John , Hanlon Martin , Yorke Mantz 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAlthough institutional research has been a significant feature of U.S. higher education for more than 50 years, it is not so well understood in other parts of the world. As higher education around the world faces increasingly challenging times in responding to pressures of massification and globalization, increasing forms of accountability and competition, new stakeholder expectations, and rapidly changing technologies, IR will inevitably evolve to become a stronger force. The authors discuss available models that describe organizational maturity and propose a comprehensive maturity model for IR.
Preparation of electrospun fiber mats using siloxane‐containing vaterite and biodegradable polymer hybrids for bone regeneration
Authors: Fujikura Kie , Lin Sen , Nakamura Jin , Obata Akiko , Kasuga Toshihiro 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAn electrospun fiber mat using a new composite consisting of siloxane‐containing vaterite (SiV) and poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) (denoted by SiPLGVH) was prepared with the aim of applying it as a membrane for use in a guided bone regeneration (GBR) system. Another electrospun fiber mat using a previously described composite consisting of SiV and poly(L‐lactic acid) (denoted by SiPVH) was also prepared as a comparative sample. SiPLGVH fiber mats showed superior results in terms of mechanical tensile properties and cellular behavior. Their elongation before failure was about eight times higher than that of SiPVH. The numbers of osteoblast‐like cells that proliferated on the SiPLGVH fiber mats, regardless of the hydroxyapatite coating, were comparable to that of SiPVH. The cells spread more, two dimensionally, on the SiPLGVH fiber mats, since the pores between fibers were narrowed down because of swelling of the PLGA matrix during cell culture. This two‐dimensional cellular proliferation quality on the SiPLGVH fiber mats is expected to be suitable for materials used in GBR, leading to control of infiltration of the soft tissue and great tissue integration with the surrounding tissue. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 101B: 1350–1358, 2013.