bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the breakdown of Rayleigh’s criterion for curved shear flows: a destabilization mechanism for a class of inviscidly stable flows
Authors: Hall Philip 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe stability of a high-Reynolds-number flow over a curved surface is considered. Attention is focused on spanwise-periodic vortices of wavelength comparable with the boundary layer thickness. The wall curvature and the Görtler number for the flow are assumed large, so that stable or unstable vortices of wavelength comparable with the boundary layer thickness are dominated by inviscid effects. The growth or decay rate determined by using the viscous correction to the inviscid prediction is found to give a good approximation to the exact value for a range of wavenumbers. For the stable configuration, it is shown that the flow can be destabilized by arbitrarily small wall waviness, with the critical configuration involving only geometric properties of the flow. This destabilization mechanism has consequences for a number of flows of aerodynamic interest, particularly those where surface waviness under loading occurs. Control strategies based on how the curvature is distributed are discussed, and it is demonstrated how small regions of varying curvature can be used to remove the exponentially growing modes. The development of the parametric instabilities is continued into the strongly nonlinear regime. The nonlinear evolution is found to be governed by a generalized form of the cubic amplitude equation, generally referred to as the Stuart–Landau equation. The novel feature of the new equation is that the nonlinearity is not in the form of a power of the amplitude but is fixed by the solution of an associated nonlinear partial differential equation boundary value problem. Numerical solutions of the nonlinear partial differential system that fix the disturbance amplitude are given. The mechanism of destabilization described is shown to be directly relevant to a number of flows that are inviscidly stable in the presence of body forces. Thus it is shown how Rayleigh–Bénard convection or Taylor vortices can, at high Rayleigh or Taylor numbers, be destabilized by asymptotically small modulation in time or space.
On high-frequency noise scattering by aerofoils in flow
Authors: Ayton Lorna J. , Peake N. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA theoretical model is developed for the sound scattered when a sound wave is incident on a cambered aerofoil at non-zero angle of attack. The model is based on the linearization of the Euler equations about a steady subsonic flow, and is an adaptation of previous work which considered incident vortical disturbances. Only high-frequency sound waves are considered. The aerofoil thickness, camber and angle of attack are restricted such that the steady flow past the aerofoil is a small perturbation to a uniform flow. The singular perturbation analysis identifies asymptotic regions around the aerofoil; local ‘inner’ regions, which scale on the incident wavelength, at the leading and trailing edges of the aerofoil; Fresnel regions emanating from the leading and trailing edges of the aerofoil due to the coalescence of singularities and points of stationary phase; a wake transition region downstream of the aerofoil leading and trailing edge; and an outer region far from the aerofoil and wake. An acoustic boundary layer on the aerofoil surface and within the transition region accounts for the effects of curvature. The final result is a uniformly-valid solution for the far-field sound; the effects of angle of attack, camber and thickness are investigated.
Discovery of a low-glycaemic index potato and relationship with starch digestion in vitro
Authors: Ek Kai Lin , Wang Shujun , Copeland Les , Brand-Miller Jennie C. 
Published: October 2013

Potatoes are usually a high-glycaemic index (GI) food. Finding a low-GI potato and developing a screening method for finding low-GI cultivars are both health and agricultural priorities. The aims of the present study were to screen the commonly used and newly introduced cultivars of potatoes, in a bid to discover a low-GI potato, and to describe the relationship between in vitro starch digestibility of cooked potatoes and their in vivo glycaemic response. According to International Standard Organisation (ISO) guidelines, seven different potato cultivars were tested for their GI. In vitro enzymatic starch hydrolysis and chemical analyses, including amylose content analysis, were carried out for each potato cultivar, and correlations with the respective GI values were sought. The potato cultivars had a wide range of GI values (53–103). The Carisma cultivar was classified as low GI and the Nicola cultivar (GI = 69) as medium GI and the other five cultivars were classified as high GI according to ISO guidelines. The GI values were strongly and positively correlated with the percentage of in vitro enzymatic hydrolysis of starch in the cooked potatoes, particularly with the hydrolysis percentage at 120 min (r 0·91 and P <0·01). Amylose, dietary fibre and total starch content was not correlated with either in vitro starch digestibility or GI. The findings suggest that low-GI potato cultivars can be identified by screening using a high-throughput in vitro digestion procedure, while chemical composition, including amylose and fibre content, is not indicative.
TESTING THE EFFECT OF THE EPIDEMIOLOGIC PARADOX: BIRTH WEIGHT OF NEWBORNS OF IMMIGRANT AND NON-IMMIGRANT MOTHERS IN THE REGION OF VALENCIA, SPAIN
Authors: SIMÓ CARLES , MÉNDEZ SALVADOR 
Published: October 2013

SummaryThe epidemiological paradox and ‘healthy migrant effect’ refer to the favourable health outcomes in unprivileged groups under unfavourable socioeconomic conditions. Weight at birth is associated with the epidemiological paradox. However, differences in fertility structure (mainly mother's age and first maternity) might be the cause of the difference in weight at birth between children of immigrant and non-immigrant mothers. This paper aims to analyse the impact of the epidemiologic paradox by distinguishing between the factors related to fertility structure, in addition to other socio-cultural factors. The importance of fertility structure as the cause of weight-at-birth differences of the newborns of immigrant and non-immigrant women, and between those of subgroups of immigrant mothers, is tested. Based on data from birth registries for the period 1998–2009, a variance analysis was performed for Spanish mothers and for those of five major immigrant subgroups living in the region of Valencia, Spain, which experienced significant migrant inflows within a short period of time. A Scheffé test between pairs of nationalities was carried out. Finally, linear regression models were built. The results suggest that the most relevant factors are those related to fertility structure, and that consequently the epidemiological paradox does not apply for immigrant mothers as a whole, although Bolivian immigrant offspring may be an exception. This unexpected result requires further research to test to what extent this is due to the special adaptation of multigenerational high-altitude populations in pregnancy. The factors associated with fertility structure must be controlled when trying to relate birth weight differences between ethnic groups to socioeconomic factors.
THE RISK OF MOTHERS LOSING AN ONLY CHILD IN CHINA
Authors: JIANG QUANBAO , LI YING , SÁNCHEZ-BARRICARTE JESÚS J. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryChina's one-child policy has been quite successful in bringing down the country's fertility level but has produced a large number of one-child families. The risk of one-child families losing their only child has not received enough attention. In this paper, using an extension of Goldman & Lord (1983)'s method to measure widowhood, period life-table data from China's 2000 population census are used to examine age-specific and cumulative probabilities of mothers losing their only child. It is found that a mother faces a 14.94% probability of losing a son, and 12.21% probability of losing a daughter. As the age of first-time mothers increases, the probability of losing a child declines. Urban and rural mothers have different indices regarding the loss of children. Based on these findings the prospects for China's one-child policy are discussed.
BETWEEN THE PAGES: COMPOSITION PROCESS IN DUTILLEUX'S SYMPHONY No. 2
Authors: Beltrán-Miranda Mauricio , Morris Christian 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis paper examines the sketches for Henri Dutilleux's Symphony No. 2, Le Double, held at the Paul Sacher Stiftung in Basel. The material is described in more detail than has been attempted hitherto, testing and challenging some previous statements and conclusions. It also reveals sketches that have remained hidden, leading to some surprising new facts, including the extent of Dutilleux's indecision regarding Le Double's instrumentation and his struggle to compose part of the second movement, as well as an early sketch for a different opening to the work. It seeks, finally, to show how some of the newly discovered material has implications for how we view the finished composition.
Human path navigation in a three-dimensional world
Authors: Barnett-Cowan Michael , Bülthoff Heinrich H. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractJeffery et al. propose a non-uniform representation of three-dimensional space during navigation. Fittingly, we recently revealed asymmetries between horizontal and vertical path integration in humans. We agree that representing navigation in more than two dimensions increases computational load and suggest that tendencies to maintain upright head posture may help constrain computational processing, while distorting neural representation of three-dimensional navigation.
Perceptual experience as a bridge between the retina and a bicoded cognitive map
Authors: Durgin Frank H. , Li Zhi 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe bicoded cognitive maps described by Jeffery et al. are compared to metric perceptual representations. Systematic biases in perceptual experience of egocentric distance, height, and surface orientation may reflect information processing choices to retain information critical for immediate action (Durgin et al. 2010a). Different information processing goals (route planning vs. immediate action) require different metric information.
Learning to navigate in a three-dimensional world: From bees to primates
Authors: Dyer Adrian G. , Rosa Marcello G. P. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe discuss the idea that environmental factors influence the neural mechanisms that evolved to enable navigation, and propose that a capacity to learn different spatial relationship rules through experience may contribute to bicoded processing. Recent experiments show that free-flying bees can learn abstract spatial relationships, and we propose that this could be combined with optic flow processing to enable three-dimensional navigation.
Has a fully three-dimensional space map never evolved in any species? A comparative imperative for studies of spatial cognition
Authors: Moss Cynthia F. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractI propose that it is premature to assert that a fully three-dimensional map has never evolved in any species, as data are lacking to show that space coding in all animals is the same. Instead, I hypothesize that three-dimensional representation is tied to an animal's mode of locomotion through space. Testing this hypothesis requires a large body of comparative data.
The study of blindness and technology can reveal the mechanisms of three-dimensional navigation
Authors: Pasqualotto Achille , Proulx Michael J. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractJeffery et al. suggest that three-dimensional environments are not represented according to their volumetric properties, but in a quasi-planar fashion. Here we take into consideration the role of visual experience and the use of technology for spatial learning to better understand the nature of the preference of horizontal over vertical spatial representation.
Just the tip of the iceberg: The bicoded map is but one instantiation of scalable spatial representation structures
Authors: Schultheis Holger , Barkowsky Thomas 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAlthough the bicoded map constitutes an interesting candidate representation, proposing it as the predominant representation for three-dimensional space is too restrictive. We present and argue for scalable spatial representation structures as a more comprehensive alternative account that includes the bicoded map as a special case.
A framework for three-dimensional navigation research
Authors: Jeffery Kathryn J. , Jovalekic Aleksandar , Verriotis Madeleine , Hayman Robin 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe have argued that the neurocognitive representation of large-scale, navigable three-dimensional space is anisotropic, having different properties in vertical versus horizontal dimensions. Three broad categories organize the experimental and theoretical issues raised by the commentators: (1) frames of reference, (2) comparative cognition, and (3) the role of experience. These categories contain the core of a research program to show how three-dimensional space is represented and used by humans and other animals.
International hierarchy and the origins of the modern practice of intervention
Authors: KEENE EDWARD 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis article argues that hierarchy plays an important role in shaping the practice of intervention, and that the changing nature of international hierarchy is a crucial part of the story of how the modern practice of intervention emerged. It describes the early modern order of precedence, and contends that it was ill-suited to encouraging people to recognise intervention as a distinctive kind of practice. However, over the course of the eighteenth century the structure of international hierarchy changed, with the emergence of a new kind of grading of powers, which provided the context for the development of a practice of intervention after 1815.
Reference point based management of Norwegian Atlantic salmon populations
Authors: FORSETH TORBJØRN , FISKE PEDER , BARLAUP BJØRN , GJØSÆTER HARALD , HINDAR KJETIL , DISERUD OLA H. 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYWhile management according to biological reference points is well established for many commercial marine fisheries, similar systems for more leisure based fisheries for freshwater fishes are less common. This paper describes the scientific foundation for management according to conservation limits and management targets for Norwegian populations of Atlantic salmon, a highly valued and heavily exploited anadromous fish species. Based on stock recruitment relationships during the freshwater phase, the biomass of females necessary to attain the carrying capacity (yielding average maximum recruitment) has been established as conservation limits for each of the 439 Norwegian populations. Using a simulation model based on reported catch and estimates of exploitation rates, the probability and percentage attainment of the conservation limits have been assessed annually since 2008, and exploitation advice provided for 176 of the largest populations. The number of populations that attained their conservation limits increased substantially after the new management scheme was introduced, despite that the number of returning salmon remained at historical low levels. Overall the populations evaluated in 2011 were at 95% of their conservation limits compared to 91% in 2008 and 85% in 2005. The improvement could largely be attributed to reduced exploitation rates, due to new restrictions in both the marine and river fisheries. The new management scheme also improved the catch statistics and stimulated data acquisition for management. Implementation of management according to conservation limits has been a success in terms of attaining the main management goal of protecting the Atlantic salmon populations by ensuring that an increasing number of the populations likely are at their maximum reproductive capacity. Long-term increases in fisheries yield, the secondary management goal, are likely to be attained, but remain to be documented. Reference point based management of Atlantic salmon exemplifies management within the intersection of fisheries management and conservation biology, borrowing principles from both sides.
Conceptualizing the Authority of the Sovereign State over Indigenous Peoples
Authors: WHEATLEY STEVEN 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe objective of this article is to evaluate whether the distinctive nature of the international law on indigenous peoples reflected in the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) can be explained by reference to the service conception of authority developed by Joseph Raz. The article rejects arguments that the distinctive character of UNDRIP can be justified by ideas of ‘Indigenous Sovereignty’, not least because ‘sovereignty’ was developed in Western political thought in contradistinction to a constructed and imagined dystopian state of nature endured by the indigenous populations of the Americas. Instead, the work seeks to understand the UNDRIP regime in the light of Raz’s conceptualization of legitimate political authority, concluding that the inchoate and under-theorized international law on the rights of indigenous peoples becomes comprehensible within this framework.
Muscid shoot-flies of the Philippine Islands (Diptera: Muscidae, genus Atherigona Rondani)
Authors: Pont A.C. , Magpayo F.R. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe Philippine species of Atherigona are revised for the first time. Summaries of previous taxonomic and biological work are presented, and keys for the identification of the species are given. Notes or descriptions are provided for each species, together with illustrations of the male and female terminalia and of other diagnostic features. A full bibliography for the Philippines completes the paper. Forty-four species have been identified and named, of which thirty-five are newly recorded from the Philippines, and a further twenty-nine species have been diagnosed but not described. Eleven new species are described: Atherigona (Acritochaeta) cristata, A. (A), dahlia, A. (A.) lamellifera, A. (A.) philema, A. (A) strigula, A. (A.) tenuipes; Atherigona (Atherigona) ambulans, A. (A.) libra, A. (A.) osculata, A. (A.) pica and A. (A.) savia. Seven new synonyms are established, based on type-examinations: A. nigripes Stein, 1900 (synn. n.: longiseta Malloch, 1924; pilimana Hennig, 1952; ferrari Pont, 1986); A. unguicauda Malloch, 1928 (syn. n.: hirtitarsis Pont, 1986); A. orbicularis Fan & Liu, 1982 (syn. n.: occulta Pont, 1986); A. maculigera Stein, 1910 (syn. n.: crassiseta Stein, 1915); A. seticauda Malloch, 1926 (syn. n.: dorsovittata Malloch, 1928).
ON LAGUERRE–SOBOLEV TYPE ORTHOGONAL POLYNOMIALS: ZEROS AND ELECTROSTATIC INTERPRETATION
Authors: MOLANO MOLANO LUIS ALEJANDRO 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe study the sequence of monic polynomials orthogonal with respect to inner product $$\begin{eqnarray*}\langle p, q\rangle = \int \nolimits \nolimits_{0}^{\infty } p(x)q(x){e}^{- x} {x}^{\alpha } \hspace{0.167em} dx+ Mp(\zeta )q(\zeta )+ N{p}^{\prime } (\zeta ){q}^{\prime } (\zeta ),\end{eqnarray*}$$ where $\alpha \gt - 1$, $M\geq 0$, $N\geq 0$, $\zeta \lt 0$, and $p$ and $q$ are polynomials with real coefficients. We deduce some interlacing properties of their zeros and, by using standard methods, we find a second-order linear differential equation satisfied by the polynomials and discuss an electrostatic model of their zeros.
Mammalian cells preferentially internalize hydrogel nanodiscs over nanorods and use shape-specific uptake mechanisms
Authors: Agarwal Rachit , Singh Vikramjit , Jurney Patrick , Shi Li , Sreenivasan S. V. , Roy Krishnendu 
Published: October 2013

Significance
Nanoparticles are widely investigated for intracellular drug delivery and molecular imaging and should be designed to maximize cell uptake. Here the effects of particle geometry to maximize nanoparticle uptake by mammalian cells are evaluated. The findings show that uptake is governed by a combination of cell–particle adhesion, strain energy for membrane wrapping around the particle, and local particle concentration at the cell membrane, all of which are particle-shape–dependent. Under typical culture conditions, disc-shaped hydrophilic nanoparticles were internalized more efficiently than nanorods. Interestingly, larger nanodiscs and rods had higher uptake compared with the smallest particles tested. Mechanisms of uptake were also shape- and cell type-specific. These results provide important insights for rational design of nanocarriers to maximize intracellular delivery efficacy.
Passive energy recapture in jellyfish contributes to propulsive advantage over other metazoans
Authors: Gemmell Brad J. , Costello John H. , Colin Sean P. , Stewart Colin J. , Dabiri John O. , Tafti Danesh , Priya Shashank 
Published: October 2013

Significance
Jellyfish have the ability to bloom and take over perturbed ecosystems, but this is counterintuitive because jellyfish are described as inefficient swimmers and rely on direct contact with prey to feed. To understand how jellyfish can outcompete effective visual hunters, such as fish, we investigate the energetics of propulsion. We find that jellyfish exhibit a unique mechanism of passive energy recapture, which can reduce metabolic energy demand by swimming muscles. Contrary to prevailing views, this contributes to jellyfish being one of the most energetically efficient propulsors on the planet. These results demonstrate a physical basis for the ecological success of medusan swimmers despite their simple body plan and have implications for bioinspired design, where low-energy propulsion is required.
ISO auditing and the construction of trust in auditor independence
Authors: Kouakou Dogui , Boiral Olivier , Gendron Yves 
Published: October 2013

Purpose
– This paper aims to examine, through a qualitative study, how auditor independence is socially constructed within the network of individuals involved in the realization of ISO 14001 audit engagements – ISO auditors, consultants, and managers of certified companies. The paper analysis focuses on the sense-making strategies used by actors within the network to develop and sustain trust (or doubt) in professional independence.

Design/methodology/approach
– This study is predicated on a theoretical perspective centered on sense-making processes and the construction of inter-subjective meanings around claims to expertise. Interviews were conducted with 36 Canadian practitioners – including ISO auditors, managers of certification bodies, accreditation inspectors, consultants, and corporate environmental managers – to better understand how confidence into auditor independence is constituted in the flow of daily life within the small group of people involved in the surroundings of ISO 14001 audit engagements.

Findings
– Practitioners use a range of sense-making strategies to construct and maintain the belief that IS0 14001 audits meet the professional requirements of auditor independence. As such, the constitution of confidence involves stereotyping, distancing, storytelling and procedural mechanisms that are collectively mobilized in the production of a culture of comfort surrounding the concept of auditor independence.

Originality/value
– Through interviews with a range of actors involved in the achievement of ISO 14001 audits, the study provides insight into the production of meaning related to one of the chief claims surrounding auditing expertise, that of professional independence. This paper also points to a lack of self-criticism in the ISO auditing community since practitioners seem disinclined to adopt a reflective attitude of professional skepticism towards the claim of auditor independence.