bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the bacterial community in aged and aging pit mud of Chinese Luzhou‐flavour liquor by combined PCR‐DGGE and quantitative PCR assay
Authors: Liang Huipeng , Li Wenfang , Luo Qingchun , Liu Chaolan , Wu Zhengyun , Zhang Wenxue 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe community structure of bacteria in aged and aging pit mud, which was judged according to their sensory and physicochemical characteristics, was analysed using polymerase chain reaction denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR‐DGGE) and quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR).RESULTSThe phyla Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Synergistetes and Unclassified Bacteria were detected and the fermentative Firmicutes was predominant in both types of pit mud in the PCR‐DGGE analysis. Among Firmicutes, Clostridiales was dominant in aged pit mud while Bacillales and Lactobacillales were dominant in aging pit mud. The diversity of bacterial communities in aged pit mud was higher than that in aging pit mud. In the qPCR analysis the abundance of Clostridium IV in aged pit mud was higher than that in aging pit mud and there were significant differences in the quantity of Clostridium IV between aged and aging pit mud of the same cellar (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONThere were some significant differences in the microbial community structure between aged and aging pit mud. The differences in the quantity of Clostridium IV might be involved in the distinction that the aged pit mud has a strong aroma while the aging pit mud does not. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
The etiology of oxidative stress in the various species of animals, a review
Authors: Puppel Kamila , Kapusta Aleksandra , Kuczyńska Beata 
Published: November 2014

AbstractOxidative stress is the consequence of an imbalance of pro‐oxidants and antioxidants leading to cell damage and tissue injury. The exhaustion of antioxidant systems is one of the reasons for the occurrence of oxidative stress, which results in avalanche production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or free radicals. High oxidative stress is common in organs and tissues with high metabolic and energy demands, including skeletal and heart muscle, liver and blood cells. Stress arises in animals in response to unavoidable or adverse environmental conditions. In the external environment, which affects the body of the cow, there are four main groups of stressors: physical, chemical, biological and psychological. Physical stressors include fluctuations in ambient temperature as well as mechanical injuries. High ambient temperature is one of the factors affecting the productivity of cows. Biological stressors are conditioned by errors and irregularities in habits. Both of these phenomena have an adverse impact on both the resistance of animals and fertility and are the etiological agent of oxidative stress. Various mechanisms may be responsible for metal‐induced oxidative stress: direct or indirect generation ofROS, depletion of glutathione and inhibition of antioxidant enzymes are well known for all redox‐active and redox‐inactive metals. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of condensed tannin fractions of different molecular weights from a Leucaena leucocephala hybrid on in vitro methane production and rumen fermentation
Authors: Saminathan Mookiah , Sieo Chin Chin , Abdullah Norhani , Wong Clemente Michael Vui Ling , Ho Yin Wan 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDMolecular weights (MWs) and their chemical structures are the primary factors determining the influence of condensed tannins (CTs) on animal nutrition and methane (CH4) production in ruminants. In this study the MWs of five CT fractions from Leucaena leucocephala hybrid‐Rendang (LLR) were determined and the CT fractions were investigated for their effects on CH4 production and rumen fermentation.RESULTSThe number‐average molecular weight (Mn) of fraction F1 (1265.8 Da), which was eluted first, was the highest, followed by those of fractions F2 (1028.6 Da), F3 (652.2 Da), F4 (562.2 Da) and F5 (469.6 Da). The total gas (mL g−1 dry matter (DM)) and CH4 production decreased significantly (P < 0.05) with increasing MWs of the CT fractions, but there were no significant (P > 0.05) differences between the CT fractions and control on DM degradation. However, the in vitro N disappearance decreased significantly (P < 0.05) with the inclusion of CT fraction F1 (highest MW) compared with the control and other fractions (F2–F5). The inclusion of CT fraction F1 also significantly decreased (P < 0.05) total volatile fatty acid and acetic acid concentrations compared with the control. The acetic/propionic acid ratio was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) by fraction F1 but not by the control and other fractions (F2–F5).CONCLUSIONThe CT fractions of different MWs from LLR could affect rumen fermentation and CH4 production, and the impact was more pronounced for the CT fraction with a higher MW. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Glycopolymer Polyelectrolyte Multilayers Composed of Heparin and Maltose‐Modified Poly(ethylene imine) as a Strong/Weak Polyelectrolyte System for Future Drug Delivery Coatings: Influence of pH and Sugar Architecture on Growth of Multilayers and Multilayer Swelling and Stability
Authors: Salem Samaa , Müller Martin , Torger Bernhard , Janke Andreas , Eichhorn Klaus‐Jochen , Voit Brigitte , Appelhans Dietmar 
Published: November 2014

Establishing highly sophisticated polymer films for delivery systems in a biological environment and bioanalytical tasks, the formation, thickness, swelling behavior, and (physiological) stability of highly biocompatible polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) are described. These PEMs are composed of the very weak polycation maltose‐modified hyperbranched poly(ethylene imine) (PEI‐Mal) and the strong polyanion heparin sodium salt (HE−Na+) deposited on Si wafer substrates . Two different glyco architectures for PEI‐Mal are used, characterized by two different degrees of maltose decoration on a PEI scaffold. Using two pH‐dependent deposition approaches for optimizing the (physiological) PEM stability and swelling, PEMs are characterized by (in situ) ellipsometry, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and (in situ) attenuated total reflection‐Fourier‐transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR). Thus, PEMs reveal significantly different thicknesses, growth mechanisms (linear versus exponential), and swelling behavior in dependence of both the polycation architectures and the deposition protocol. These PEMs will allow the study of their complexation and release properties as preswollen PEMs against anionic drug molecules, especially under physiological conditions in the future.
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The E. coli sirtuin CobB shows no preference for enzymatic and nonenzymatic lysine acetylation substrate sites
Authors: AbouElfetouh Alaa , Kuhn Misty L. , Hu Linda I. , Scholle Michael D. , Sorensen Dylan J. , Sahu Alexandria K. , Becher Dörte , Antelmann Haike , Mrksich Milan , Anderson Wayne F. , Gibson Bradford W. , Schilling Birgit , Wolfe Alan J. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractNε‐lysine acetylation is an abundant posttranslational modification of thousands of proteins involved in diverse cellular processes. In the model bacterium Escherichia coli, the ε‐amino group of a lysine residue can be acetylated either catalytically by acetyl‐coenzyme A (acCoA) and lysine acetyltransferases, or nonenzymatically by acetyl phosphate (acP). It is well known that catalytic acCoA‐dependent Nε‐lysine acetylation can be reversed by deacetylases. Here, we provide genetic, mass spectrometric, structural and immunological evidence that CobB, a deacetylase of the sirtuin family of NAD+‐dependent deacetylases, can reverse acetylation regardless of acetyl donor or acetylation mechanism. We analyzed 69 lysines on 51 proteins that we had previously detected as robustly, reproducibly, and significantly more acetylated in a cobB mutant than in its wild‐type parent. Functional and pathway enrichment analyses supported the hypothesis that CobB regulates protein function in diverse and often essential cellular processes, most notably translation. Combined mass spectrometry, bioinformatics, and protein structural data provided evidence that the accessibility and three‐dimensional microenvironment of the target acetyllysine help determine CobB specificity. Finally, we provide evidence that CobB is the predominate deacetylase in E. coli.
Regulation of nitrite resistance of the cytochrome cbb3 oxidase by cytochrome c ScyA in Shewanella oneidensis
Authors: Yin Jianhua , Jin Miao , Zhang Haiyan , Ju Lili , Zhang Lili , Gao Haichun 
Published: November 2014

AbstractCytochrome c proteins, as enzymes to exchange electrons with substrates or as pure electron carriers to shuttle electrons, play vital roles in bacterial respiration and photosynthesis. In Shewanella oneidensis, a research model for the respiratory diversity, at least 42 c‐type cytochromes are predicted to be encoded in the genome and are regarded to be the foundation of its highly branched electron transport pathways. However, only a small number of c‐type cytochromes have been extensively studied. In this study, we identify soluble cytochrome c ScyA as an important factor influencing the nitrite resistance of a strain devoid of the bd oxidase by utilizing a newly developed transposon mutagenesis vector, which enables overexpression of the gene(s) downstream of the insertion site. We show that when in overabundance ScyA facilitates growth against nitrite inhibition by enhancing nitrite resistance of the cbb3 oxidase. Based on the data presented in this study, we suggest two possible mechanisms underlying the observed effect of ScyA: (1) ScyA increases electron flow to the cbb3 oxidase; (2) ScyA promotes nitrite resistance of the cbb3 oxidase, possibly by direct interaction.
Optimizing IgG therapy in chronic autoimmune neuropathies: A hypothesis driven approach
Authors: Berger Melvin , Allen Jeffrey A. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTProlonged intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy is used for the chronic autoimmune neuropathies chronic idiopathic demyelinating polyneuropathy and multifocal motor neuropathy, but the doses and treatment intervals are usually chosen empirically due to a paucity of data from dose–response studies. Recent studies of the electrophysiology and immunology of these diseases suggest that antibody‐induced reversible dysfunction of nodes of Ranvier may play a role in conduction block and disability which responds to immunotherapy more rapidly than would be expected for demyelination or axonal damage per se. Clinical reports suggest that in some cases, the effects of each dose of IVIG may be transient, wearing‐off before the next dose is due. These observations lead us to hypothesize that that therapeutic IgG acts by competing with pathologic autoantibodies and that individual patients may require different IgG levels for optimal therapeutic effects. Frequent IVIG dosing and weekly subcutaneous IgG have been tried as ways of continuously maintaining high serum IgG levels, resulting in stabilization of neuromuscular function in small case series. Frequent grip strength and disability measurements, performed by the patient at home and reported electronically, can be used to assess the extent and duration of responses to IgG doses. Individualization of IgG treatment regimens may optimize efficacy, minimize disability, and identify nonresponders. Muscle Nerve 51: 315–326, 2015
Long‐term Dynamics of Large‐bodied Fishes Assessed from Spatially Intensive Monitoring of a Managed Desert River
Authors: Franssen N. R. , Durst S. L. , Gido K. B. , Ryden D. W. , Lamarra V. , Propst D. L. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractImperilment of native fishes worldwide, and particularly in the American Southwest, has prompted management actions to protect and recover threatened populations. Implementation of management activities, however, often proceeds without clear understandings of ecological interactions between native fishes and other biotic and physical components of the environment. Using data obtained in a 19‐year, intensive monitoring effort across 288 km of the San Juan River in NM and UT, USA, we quantified relationships among large‐bodied fishes and longitudinal environmental gradients, tested for faunal breaks of fishes and habitat structure along the river's course, and assessed the response of fishes to mechanical removal of non‐native fishes and stocking of endangered fishes. Mesohabitat variation was not strongly linked to densities of large‐bodied fishes, but we found strong and temporally consistent longitudinal patterns of native and non‐native fishes: Native fish densities were highest upstream while non‐native fish densities where highest downstream, potentially driven by differential responses to temperature regimes. Two breaks in the longitudinal structure of large‐bodied fishes were identified and were associated with a man‐made barrier and changes in the width of the river's floodplain. While densities of common native fishes were relatively constant during the study, non‐native fish removal apparently reduced densities of one of two targeted species and densities of two endangered fishes increased as a result of stocking hatchery‐reared fish. Results of this study suggest that large‐bodied fishes of the San Juan River are responding to large‐scale longitudinal gradients rather than small‐scale habitat variation and management activities have altered densities of target species with limited responses by other fishes in the system. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fatty Acid Profiles Distinguish Channel Catfish from Three Reaches of the Lower Kaskaskia River and its Floodplain Lakes
Authors: Young M. P. , Whitledge G. W. , Trushenski J. T. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractDespite the increasing use of fatty acids (FAs) as biomarkers in aquatic food web analysis, little information is available regarding differences in FA profiles of fish among habitat types in river–floodplain ecosystems. The objectives of this study were to (i) test whether the FA profiles of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) differed among three reaches of the lower Kaskaskia River and its floodplain lakes, and (ii) to compare FA profiles among muscle, liver, and adipose fin tissues collected from these fish. Profiles differed significantly among sites, especially between upper and lower river sites, and between river channel and oxbow lake sites, suggesting differences in FA availability for channel catfish occupying different habitats and river reaches in the Kaskaskia River system. Specifically, the essential FAs 18:2n‐6 and 18:3n‐3 increased in catfish tissues from upstream to downstream reaches, which could reflect increased floodplain connectivity and decreasing impoundment effects downstream. Ratios of n‐3 to n‐6 FAs were higher in fish from oxbow lakes, perhaps suggesting increased use of autochthonous production in the floodplain relative to the main river channel. Muscle and adipose fin FA profiles exhibited similar location‐related trends, whereas liver FA profiles were markedly different from the other tissue types. These results suggest that adipose fin tissue samples may be a viable, less‐invasive alternative to muscle tissue for analysis of FA profiles in channel catfish. Our study supports the use of tissue FA profiles in identifying habitat utilization by channel catfish, and perhaps habitat‐specific energy contributions to riverine consumers. Furthermore, our work highlights floodplain habitat as a potential source of essential n‐3 FA and the associated importance of maintaining river–floodplain connectivity to support aquatic food webs. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An effective behavior‐based Android malware detection system
Authors: Zou Shihong , Zhang Jing , Lin Xiaodong 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWith the rapid growth of Android applications and malware, it has become a challenge to distinguish malware from a huge number of applications. The use of behavioral analytics is one of the most promising approaches because of its accuracy and resilience to malware variants. In this paper, we propose a behavior‐based malware detection system. Firstly, it uses Android APIs and libc (Bionic libc) function calls along with their arguments to describe sensitive application behaviors. Secondly, it conducts behavior analysis and malware detection using machine learning techniques, including Support Vector Machine, Naïve Bayes, and Decision Tree. The experiments are conducted with 1136 real‐world samples that are composed of various types of malware and benign applications. The evaluation results show that our system can effectively detect Android malware. In addition, we compare our system with the other behavior‐based malware detection system, and the comparison results show the advantage of our system on malware detection. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anterior and posterior complexes: a step towards improving neurosonographic screening of midline and cortical anomalies
Authors: Viñals F. , Correa F. , Gonçalves‐Pereira P. M. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the anatomical structures that form the anterior (AC) and posterior (PC) complexes of the fetal brain and to categorize their anomalies in fetuses with cerebral abnormalities.MethodsWe analyzed retrospectively volume datasets from 100 normal fetuses between 20 and 30 weeks' gestation. On the axial transventricular plane, our analysis of the AC included the interhemispheric fissure (IHF), the callosal sulcus (CS), the genu of the corpus callosum (CC), the cavum septi pellucidi (CSP) and the anterior horns (AH) of the lateral ventricles. The PC included the splenium of the CC, the medial wall of the lateral ventricles, the CS and the parieto‐occipital fissure (POF). We then categorized AC/PC findings in 32 fetuses with agenesis of the septi pellucidi, schizencephaly, callosal dysgenesis, cortical malformation and hypoxic‐ischemic brain injury.ResultsThe structures forming the AC and PC were visible in 100% and 92%, respectively, of normal cases. In the AC, the CSP was square‐shaped in 73% of cases and it was triangular in 27%; the AH was comma‐shaped in 92% of cases and triangular in the remainder. In the PC, the splenium of the CC interrupted and bridged the midline and was delimited posteriorly by the CS and the IHF. The POF was visible posteriorly. We categorized AC and PC abnormalities according to the main deviation from normality in their anatomical structures. The AC was abnormal in 30/32 cases and the PC was abnormal in 16/32 cases. In the two cases with normal AC, the PC was abnormal.ConclusionNormal appearance of AC and PC seems to be a strong indicator of fetal central nervous system normality. Morphological abnormalities in both complexes are robust markers of midline defects, but not exclusively so. The majority of fetuses with cortical malformations showed a defect in the AC. Copyright © 2014 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Multi‐label learning: a review of the state of the art and ongoing research
Authors: Gibaja Eva , Ventura Sebastián 
Published: November 2014

Multi‐label learning is quite a recent supervised learning paradigm. Owing to its capabilities to improve performance in problems where a pattern may have more than one associated class, it has attracted the attention of researchers, producing an increasing number of publications. This study presents an up‐to‐date overview about multi‐label learning with the aim of sorting and describing the main approaches developed till now. The formal definition of the paradigm, the analysis of its impact on the literature, its main applications, works developed, pitfalls and guidelines, and ongoing research are presented.WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov2014, 4:411–444. doi: 10.1002/widm.1139This article is categorized under:Technologies > ClassificationTechnologies > Machine Learning
Comparative Efficacy of Alcohol‐Based Surgical Scrubs: The Importance of Formulation
Authors: Macinga David R. , Edmonds Sarah L. , Campbell Esther , McCormack Robert R. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAlcohol‐based surgical scrubs (ABSSs) are used to prevent surgical site infections. Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) often is added to enhance persistent germicidal activity. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of ABSS product formulation on efficacy. We evaluated three commercially available ABSS formulations and one control alcohol formulation according to the surgical scrub methodology specified by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Only one ABSS formulation met FDA efficacy requirements when tested at the manufacturer's recommended dosage. In contrast, two ABSS formulations, one of which contained CHG, failed to meet the FDA acceptance criteria for a 3‐log10 reduction on day 5, meaning the formulations did not sufficiently reduce bacteria levels on hands on the fifth day of product application. The data suggest that recommendations to include CHG in ABSS formulations should be reconsidered, and product efficacy, skin tolerability, and user acceptability should be evaluated on a case‐by‐case basis.
Effectiveness of Transmucosal Sedation for Special Needs Populations in the Ambulatory Care Setting
Authors: Tetef Sue 
Published: November 2014

AbstractTransmucosal is an alternative route for administering medications (ie, dexmedetomidine, midazolam, naloxone) that can be effective for procedural or moderate sedation in patients with special needs when other routes are not practical or are contraindicated. Special needs populations include children, older adults, pregnant and breast‐feeding women, and people with disabilities or conditions that limit their ability to function and cope. Understanding the perioperative nurse's role in the care of patients receiving medications via the transmucosal route can lead to better clinical outcomes. Successful use of the transmucosal route requires knowledge of when to administer a medication, how often and how much of a medication should be administered, the onset and duration of action, the adverse effects or contraindications, and the key benefits. In addition, a case study approach suggests that transmucosal sedation can decrease patient stress and anxiety related to undergoing medical procedures or surgery in the ambulatory care setting.
Clinical Issues
Authors: Spruce Lisa , Van Wicklin Sharon A. , Brubaker Scott A. 
Published: November 2014

This MonthWearing eyelash extensions in the perioperative areaKey words: eyelash extensions, eye infections, allergic blepharitis, keratoconjunctivitis.Changing the wound classification for organ transplantation proceduresKey words: organ transplantation, wound classification, sterile technique.Separating allografts and autograftsKey words: allograft, autograft, tissue, storage, American Association of Tissue Banks.Using swab cultures for determining microbial identity and growth on allograft and autograft tissue surfacesKey words: swab cultures, tissue cultures, allograft, autograft, microbial growth.Storing autologous human skin autograftsKey words: autografts, storage media, tissue wash, swab cultures, American Association of Tissue Banks.
Results of the 2014 AORN Salary and Compensation Survey
Authors: Bacon Donald R. , Stewart Kim A. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAORN conducted its 12th annual compensation survey for perioperative nurses in June and July 2014. A multiple regression model was used to examine how a number of variables, including job title, education level, certification, experience, and geographic region, affect nurse compensation. Comparisons between the data from 2014 and data from previous years are presented. The effects of other forms of compensation (eg, on‐call compensation, overtime, bonuses, shift differentials) on base compensation rates also are examined. Additional analyses explore the effect of the economic downturn on the perioperative work environment.