bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing a Combustion Model of a Solid Propellant Containing Capsules of Liquid Oxidizer
Authors: Livne Or , Gany Alon 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA combustion model of a solid propellant containing liquid oxidizer capsules was developed. The model is based on the combustion cycle of a unit cell, an oxidizer droplet surrounded by the adjusting amount of binder. Three combustion stages are considered: (1) binder decomposition parallel to oxidizer heating up to boiling temperature, (2) simultaneous binder and oxidizer gasification, and (3) gasification of the remaining condensed phase species. Simple global kinetics are assumed for the gas phase reactions and binder decomposition abiding Arrhenius law, and boiling process for the oxidizer abiding Clausius‐Clapeyron curves. The obtained results show similar trends as do other relevant models and experimental results, especially for the effect of droplet size and propellant composition on the burn rate. The predicted effect of initial temperature on the burn rate is less significant than for common solid propellants. The results indicate that for small droplets the oxidizer will heat up to boiling temperature even before it is revealed on the burning surface, due to heat conduction through the surrounding binder.
Computational model of 2DEG mobility in AlGaN/GaN heterostructures
Authors: Abgaryan Karine , Mutigullin Ilya , Reviznikov Dmitry 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe computational scheme of multiscale modeling of semiconductor heterostructures is presented. Three scale levels are taken into account. On the atomic level the system is described using crystallographic information and quantum‐mechanical model. Ab initio modeling allows to determine the electronic structure, define polarization effects and calculate charge densities on the interfaces between layers. Obtained information is used in the nanoscale level model for the calculation of the charge carrier distribution in the heterostructure. At this level mathematical model contains the system of conjugated Schrödinger and Poisson equations. The carrier density distributions over the lateral direction of the multilayered structure and 2DEG localization are of the most interest at this point. This data is used in the next scale level model where electron mobility is calculated. A wide range of electron scattering mechanisms are taken into account during this calculation. This approach was applied to model 2DEG in AlGaN/AlN/GaN heterostructures. The good agreement between calculated values of interface charge density, 2DEG electron concentration, electron mobility and known experimental data was achieved. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The initial establishment and epithelial morphogenesis of the esophagus: a new model of tracheal–esophageal separation and transition of simple columnar into stratified squamous epithelium in the developing esophagus
Authors: Que Jianwen 
Published: February 2015

The esophagus and trachea are tubular organs that initially share a single common lumen in the anterior foregut. Several models have been proposed to explain how this single‐lumen developmental intermediate generates two tubular organs. However, new evidence suggests that these models are not comprehensive. I will first briefly review these models and then propose a novel ‘splitting and extension’ model based on our in vitro modeling of the foregut separation process. Signaling molecules (e.g., SHHs, WNTs, BMPs) and transcription factors (e.g., NKX2.1 and SOX2) are critical for the separation of the foregut. Intriguingly, some of these molecules continue to play essential roles during the transition of simple columnar into stratified squamous epithelium in the developing esophagus, and they are also closely involved in epithelial maintenance in the adults. Alterations in the levels of these molecules have been associated with the initiation and progression of several esophageal diseases and cancer in adults. WIREs Dev Biol 2015, 4:419–430. doi: 10.1002/wdev.179This article is categorized under:

Signaling Pathways > Cell Fate Signaling
Vertebrate Organogenesis > From a Tubular Primordium: Non-Branched
Birth Defects > Organ Anomalies
Construction of allitol synthesis pathway by multi-enzyme coexpression in Escherichia coli and its application in allitol production
Authors: Zhu Yueming , Li Hongyi , Liu Pingping , Yang Jiangang , Zhang Xueli , Sun Yuanxia 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
An engineered strain for the conversion of d-fructose to allitol was developed by constructing a multi-enzyme coupling pathway and cofactor recycling system in Escherichia coli. d-Psicose-3-epimerase from Ruminococcus sp. and ribitol dehydrogenase from Klebsiella oxytoca were coexpressed to form the multi-enzyme coupling pathway for allitol production. The cofactor recycling system was constructed using the formate dehydrogenase gene from Candida methylica for continuous NADH supply. The recombinant strain produced 10.62 g/l allitol from 100 mM d-fructose. To increase the intracellular concentration of the substrate, the glucose/fructose facilitator gene from Zymomonas mobilis was incorporated into the engineered strain. The results showed that the allitol yield was enhanced significantly to 16.53 g/l with a conversion rate of 92 %. Through optimizing conversion conditions, allitol was produced effectively on a large scale by the whole-cell biotransformation system; the yield reached 48.62 g/l when 500 mM d-fructose was used as the substrate.
Temperature effects on biomass, geosmin, and 2-methylisoborneol production and cellular activity by Nocardia spp. and Streptomyces spp. isolated from rainbow trout recirculating aquaculture systems
Authors: Schrader Kevin K , Harries Marcuslene D , Page Phaedra N 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Isolates of Nocardia cummidelens, Nocard ia fluminea, Streptomyces albidoflavus, and Streptomyces luridiscabiei attributed as the cause of “earthy-musty” off-flavor in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) raised in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) were evaluated for the effect of temperature (10–30 °C) on biomass, geosmin, and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) production and cellular activity. Cultures of these isolates were monitored over 7 days by measuring culture dry weight, geosmin, and MIB production using solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME–GC–MS), and ATP production via a luminometer. Compared to the other isolates, S. luridiscabiei had significantly (P &lt; 0.05) higher biomass (8.17 ± 0.35 mg/mL) at 15 °C (water temperature in the RAS) after 7 days incubation. In addition, S. luridiscabiei produced significantly (P &lt; 0.05) higher geosmin (69,976 ± 15,733 ng/L) at 15 °C. At 25 °C and 30 °C, S. albidoflavus produced significantly (P &lt; 0.05) higher geosmin (182,074 ± 60,272 ng/L and 399,991 ± 102,262 ng/L, respectively). All isolates produced MIB at 15 °C, but S. luridiscabiei produced significantly (P &lt; 0.05) higher MIB (97,143 ± 28,972 ng/L) and ATP after 7 days. Therefore, S. luridiscabiei appears to be a likely contributor of geosmin and MIB in the RAS.
Minimum φ-Divergence Estimation in Constrained Latent Class Models for Binary Data
Authors: Felipe A. , Miranda P. , Pardo L. 
Published: February 2015

The main purpose of this paper is to introduce and study the behavior of minimum ϕ\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\phi $$\end{document}-divergence estimators as an alternative to the maximum-likelihood estimator in latent class models for binary items. As it will become clear below, minimum ϕ\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\phi $$\end{document}-divergence estimators are a natural extension of the maximum-likelihood estimator. The asymptotic properties of minimum ϕ\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\phi $$\end{document}-divergence estimators for latent class models for binary data are developed. Finally, to compare the efficiency and robustness of these new estimators with that obtained through maximum likelihood when the sample size is not big enough to apply the asymptotic results, we have carried out a simulation study.
Dietary inflammatory index and anthropometric measures of obesity in a population sample at high cardiovascular risk from the PREDIMED (PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea) trial
Authors: Ruiz-Canela M. , Zazpe I. , Shivappa N. , Hébert J. R. , Sánchez-Tainta A. , Corella D. , Salas-Salvadó J. , Fitó M. , Lamuela-Raventós R. M. , Rekondo J. , Fernández-Crehuet J. , Fiol M. , Santos-Lozano J. M. , Serra-Majem L. , Pinto X. , Martínez J. A. , Ros E. , Estruch R. , Martínez-González M. A. 
Published: February 2015

The dietary inflammatory index (DII) is a new tool to assess the inflammatory potential of the diet. In the present study, we aimed to determine the association between the DII and BMI, waist circumference and waist:height ratio (WHtR). We conducted a cross-sectional study of 7236 participants recruited into the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea trial. Information from a validated 137-item FFQ was used to calculate energy, food and nutrient intakes. A fourteen-item dietary screener was used to assess adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MeDiet). Sex-specific multivariable linear regression models were fitted to estimate differences (and 95 % CI) in BMI, waist circumference and WHtR across the quintiles of the DII. All nutrient intakes, healthy foods and adherence to the MeDiet were higher in the quintile with the lowest DII score (more anti-inflammatory values) except for intakes of animal protein, saturated fat and monounsaturated fat. Although an inverse association between the DII and total energy was apparent, the DII was associated with higher average BMI, waist circumference and WHtR after adjusting for known risk factors. The adjusted difference in the WHtR for women and men between the highest and lowest quintiles of the DII was 1·60 % (95 % CI 0·87, 2·33) and 1·04 % (95 % CI 0·35, 1·74), respectively. Pro-inflammatory scores remained associated with obesity after controlling for the effect that adherence to a MeDiet had on inflammation. In conclusion, the present study shows a direct association between the DII and indices of obesity, and supports the hypothesis that diet may have a role in the development of obesity through inflammatory modulation mechanisms.
Dangerous Debates: Jain responses to theological challenges at the Mughal court
Authors: TRUSCHKE AUDREY 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, Jain leaders faced a series of religious questions at the royal Mughal court. At the request of their imperial Muslim hosts, Jain representatives discussed aspects of both Islam and Jainism on separate occasions, including the veracity of Islam, whether Jains are monotheists, and the validity of Jain asceticism. The Mughals sometimes initiated these conversations of their own accord and at other times acted on the prompting of Brahmans, who had political and religious interests at stake in encouraging imperial clashes with Jain leaders. Jain authors recorded these exchanges in numerous Sanskrit texts, which generally remain unknown to Mughal historians and Sanskrit scholars alike. I examine the Jain accounts of these cross-cultural debates and expound their political, religious, and intellectual implications. These engagements showcase how the Mughals negotiated religious differences with diverse communities in their kingdom. Furthermore, the Sanskrit narratives of these dialogues outline complex theological visions of how Jain beliefs and practices could thrive within a potentially hazardous Islamicate imperial order. More broadly Jain and Mughal discussions provide rich insight into key developments in religious precepts and local identities in early modern India.
What would happen to the trees and lianas if apes disappeared?
Authors: Beaune David 
Published: February 2015

AbstractApes, like many frugivorous animals, are crucial allies for the reproduction of several fruiting tree species. Almost all apes, however, including bonobos Pan paniscus, are threatened with extinction. How will this affect tree conservation? How can plants that are adapted to seed dispersal by apes reproduce without their dispersal vectors? At LuiKotale, in an evergreen tropical forest of the Democratic Republic of Congo, the recruitment of 22 plant species in the absence of seed dispersal was investigated under the parental canopy, where a proportion of seeds fall without horizontal dissemination. Most bonobo-dispersed plant species (95% of 19 species) were unable to self-recruit under the canopy. As 40% of the tree species (65% of trees) at LuiKotale are dispersed by bonobos there is a risk of ecosystem decay and simplification (reduced biodiversity) if Pan paniscus disappears from its natural range. The extinction of other apes from their forests could have similar consequences. The conservation of tree species, therefore, must encompass conservation of pollinators, seed dispersal vectors and other species that provide ecological services to the trees and other fruiting plants.
Early-adult correlates of maltreatment in girls with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Increased risk for internalizing symptoms and suicidality
Authors: Guendelman Maya D. , Owens Elizabeth B. , Galán Chardee , Gard Arianna , Hinshaw Stephen P. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe examined whether maltreatment experienced in childhood and/or adolescence prospectively predicts young adult functioning in a diverse and well-characterized sample of females with childhood-diagnosed attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (N= 140). Participants were part of a longitudinal study and carefully evaluated in childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood (Mage= 9.6, 14.3, and 19.7 years, respectively), with high retention rates across time. A thorough review of multisource data reliably established maltreatment status for each participant (Mκ= 0.78). Thirty-two (22.9%) participants experienced at least one maltreatment type (physical abuse, sexual abuse, or neglect). Criterion variables included a broad array of young adult measures of functioning gleaned from multiple-source, multiple-informant instruments. With stringent statistical control of demographic, prenatal, and family status characteristics as well as baseline levels of the criterion variable in question, maltreated participants were significantly more impaired than nonmaltreated participants with respect to self-harm (suicide attempts), internalizing symptomatology (anxiety and depression), eating disorder symptomatology, and well-being (lower overall self-worth). Effect sizes were medium. Comprising the first longitudinal evidence linking maltreatment with key young adult life impairments among a carefully diagnosed and followed sample of females with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, these findings underscore the clinical importance of trauma experiences within this population.
A rare type of common arterial trunk with interrupted aortic arch, partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection, and phenylketonuria
Authors: Ayyildiz Pelin , Kasar Taner , Güzeltas Alper 
Published: February 2015

AbstractCommon arterial trunk with arch obstruction is a rare conotruncal abnormality. We report, with confirmatory images, a neonate with this anomaly and additional supracardiac partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection, as well as phenylketonuria.
Analysis of Trauma Care Education in the South Sudan Community Health Worker Training Curriculum
Authors: Ogunniyi Adedamola , Clark Melissa , Donaldson Ross 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIntroductionTrauma is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with the majority occurring in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Allied health workers are often on the front lines of caring for trauma patients; this is the case in South Sudan, where a system of community health workers (CHWs) and clinical officers (COs) form an essential part of the health care structure. However, curricula for these workers vary, and it is unclear how much these training programs include trauma education.Hypothesis/MethodsThe CHW training curriculum in South Sudan was reviewed to evaluate the degree to which it incorporates trauma education, according to established guidelines from the World Health Organization (WHO). To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first formal comparison of a CHW curriculum with established WHO trauma guidelines.ResultsThe curriculum incorporated a number of essential components of the WHO guidelines; however, the concepts taught were limited in scope. The curriculum only covered about 50% of the content required for basic providers, with major deficiencies being in the management of head and spinal injuries, safety protocols for health care personnel, and in the management of pediatric patients.Discussion/ConclusionThe CHW training curriculum lacks the requisite content to provide adequately a basic level of trauma care and requires amending to ensure that all South Sudan citizens receive appropriate treatment. It is recommended that other LMICs review their existing training curricula in order to improve their ability to provide adequate trauma care and to ensure they meet the basic WHO guidelines.OgunniyiA, ClarkM, DonaldsonR. Analysis of trauma care education in the South Sudan community health worker training curriculum. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015; 30(2): 18
β-TrCP1 degradation is a novel action mechanism of PI3K/mTOR inhibitors in triple-negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Yi Yong Weon , Kang Hyo Jin , Bae Edward Jeong , Oh Seunghoon , Seong Yeon-Sun , Bae Insoo 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAn F-box protein, β-TrCP recognizes substrate proteins and destabilizes them through ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. It regulates the stability of diverse proteins and functions as either a tumor suppressor or an oncogene. Although the regulation by β-TrCP has been widely studied, the regulation of β-TrCP itself is not well understood yet. In this study, we found that the level of β-TrCP1 is downregulated by various protein kinase inhibitors in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. A PI3K/mTOR inhibitor PI-103 reduced the level of β-TrCP1 in a wide range of TNBC cells in a proteasome-dependent manner. Concomitantly, the levels of c-Myc and cyclin E were also downregulated by PI-103. PI-103 reduced the phosphorylation of β-TrCP1 prior to its degradation. In addition, knockdown of β-TrCP1 inhibited the proliferation of TNBC cells. We further identified that pharmacological inhibition of mTORC2 was sufficient to reduce the β-TrCP1 and c-Myc levels. These results suggest that mTORC2 regulates the stability of β-TrCP1 in TNBC cells and targeting β-TrCP1 is a potential approach to treat human TNBC.
Semaphorin7A regulates neuroglial plasticity in the adult hypothalamic median eminence
Authors: Parkash Jyoti , Messina Andrea , Langlet Fanny , Cimino Irene , Loyens Anne , Mazur Danièle , Gallet Sarah , Balland Eglantine , Malone Samuel A. , Pralong François , Cagnoni Gabriella , Schellino Roberta , De Marchis Silvia , Mazzone Massimiliano , Pasterkamp R. Jeroen , Tamagnone Luca , Prevot Vincent , Giacobini Paolo 
Published: February 2015

AbstractReproductive competence in mammals depends on the projection of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons to the hypothalamic median eminence (ME) and the timely release of GnRH into the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis. In adult rodents, GnRH neurons and the specialized glial cells named tanycytes periodically undergo cytoskeletal plasticity. However, the mechanisms that regulate this plasticity are still largely unknown. We demonstrate that Semaphorin7A, expressed by tanycytes, plays a dual role, inducing the retraction of GnRH terminals and promoting their ensheathment by tanycytic end feet via the receptors PlexinC1 and Itgb1, respectively. Moreover, Semaphorin7A expression is regulated during the oestrous cycle by the fluctuating levels of gonadal steroids. Genetic invalidation of Semaphorin7A receptors in mice induces neuronal and glial rearrangements in the ME and abolishes normal oestrous cyclicity and fertility. These results show a role for Semaphorin7A signalling in mediating periodic neuroglial remodelling in the adult ME during the ovarian cycle.
Arabidopsis MSH1 mutation alters the epigenome and produces heritable changes in plant growth
Authors: Virdi Kamaldeep S. , Laurie John D. , Xu Ying-Zhi , Yu Jiantao , Shao Mon-Ray , Sanchez Robersy , Kundariya Hardik , Wang Dong , Riethoven Jean-Jack M. , Wamboldt Yashitola , Arrieta-Montiel Maria P. , Shedge Vikas , Mackenzie Sally A. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPlant phenotypes respond to environmental change, an adaptive capacity that is at least partly transgenerational. However, epigenetic components of this interplay are difficult to measure. Depletion of the nuclear-encoded protein MSH1 causes dramatic and heritable changes in plant development, and here we show that crossing these altered plants with isogenic wild type produces epi-lines with heritable, enhanced growth vigour. Pericentromeric DNA hypermethylation occurs in a subset of msh1 mutants, indicative of heightened transposon repression, while enhanced growth epi-lines show large chromosomal segments of differential CG methylation, reflecting genome-wide reprogramming. When seedlings are treated with 5-azacytidine, root growth of epi-lines is restored to wild-type levels, implicating hypermethylation in enhanced growth. Grafts of wild-type floral stems to mutant rosettes produce progeny with enhanced growth and altered CG methylation strikingly similar to epi-lines, indicating a mobile signal when MSH1 is downregulated, and confirming the programmed nature of methylome and phenotype changes.
An efficient process for wastewater treatment to mitigate free nitrous acid generation and its inhibition on biological phosphorus removal
Authors: Zhao Jianwei , Wang Dongbo , Li Xiaoming , Yang Qi , Chen Hongbo , Zhong Yu , An Hongxue , Zeng Guangming 
Published: February 2015

AbstractFree nitrous acid (FNA), which is the protonated form of nitrite and inevitably produced during biological nitrogen removal, has been demonstrated to strongly inhibit the activity of polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs). Herein we reported an efficient process for wastewater treatment, i.e., the oxic/anoxic/oxic/extended-idle process to mitigate the generation of FNA and its inhibition on PAOs. The results showed that this new process enriched more PAOs which thereby achieved higher phosphorus removal efficiency than the conventional four-step (i.e., anaerobic/oxic/anoxic/oxic) biological nutrient removal process (41 ± 7% versus 30 ± 5% in abundance of PAOs and 97 ± 0.73% versus 82 ± 1.2% in efficiency of phosphorus removal). It was found that this new process increased pH value but decreased nitrite accumulation, resulting in the decreased FNA generation. Further experiments showed that the new process could alleviate the inhibition of FNA on the metabolisms of PAOs even under the same FNA concentration.