bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative analysis of the effect of the magnetic field generated by a PET/MR scanner on positron range
Authors: Ku-Toval D , Rodríguez-Villafuerte M , Ávila-Rodríguez M A , Martínez-Dávalos A , Schalch J M , Alva-Sánchez H 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective. Image quality (IQ) in positron emission tomography (PET) is influenced by positron range. In this work, the effect of the magnetic field of a PET/MR Siemens Biograph mMR 3 T on the quality of PET images was studied. Approach. Experimental measurements were conducted using 18F and 68Ga-filled phantoms to quantify image uniformity, recovery coefficients (RCs), spill-over ratios and percent contrast for spherical lesions. Tissue-equivalent phantoms (lung inhale and exhale, adipose, water, trabecular and cortical bone) were used together with a line source to quantify the impact of the magnetic field on the reconstructed PET images. A comparative analysis was made with images obtained with a PET/CT (computed tomography) Biograph Vision 600, using the same radionuclides and phantoms. Main results. Higher RCs values were obtained when the IQ phantom was filled with 68Ga and scanned with the PET/MR system compared to those obtained with the PET/CT scanner. Hot spheres in the lesion detectability phantom, appear contracted in the transverse direction in the PET/MR system, an effect more evident for 68Ga compared to 18F, but no elongation in the direction parallel to the magnetic field was observed. In the PET/CT scanner, radial profiles taken from axial slices of line sources, show longer distribution tails extending beyond 20 mm when filled with 68Ga and placed inside lung-inhale tissue. In the PET/MR scanner the radial profiles of all materials collapsed into a single distribution with tails extending no more than 10 mm in the direction perpendicular to the magnetic field. Significance. Positron range depends on positron energy and material density in which they traverse. The results show an evident improvement in IQ in the transaxial direction only, particularly in phantoms filled with 68Ga when using a PET/MR system as opposed to images acquired in the PET/CT system due to the presence of the magnetic field.
Entanglement enhancement of two giant atoms with multiple connection points in bidirectional-chiral quantum waveguide-QED system
Authors: Liu Jie , Cai Yue , Ma Kang-Jie , Tan Lei , Liu Wu-Ming 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We study the entanglement generation of two giant atoms within a one-dimensional bidirectional-chiral waveguide quantum electrodynamics (QED) system, where the initial state of the two giant atoms are ∣e

a
, g

b
〉. Here, each giant atom is coupled to the waveguide through three connection points, with the configurations divided into five types based on the arrangement of coupling points between the giant atoms and the waveguide: separate, fully braided, partially braided, fully nested, and partially nested. We explore the entanglement generation process within each configuration in both nonchiral and chiral coupling cases. It is demonstrated that entanglement can be controlled as needed by either adjusting the phase shift or selecting different configurations. For nonchiral coupling, the entanglement of each configuration exhibits steady state properties attributable to the presence of dark state. In addition, we find that steady-state entanglement can be obtained at more phase shifts in certain configurations by increasing the number of coupling points between the giant atoms and the bidirectional waveguide. In the case of chiral coupling, the entanglement is maximally enhanced compared to the one of nonchiral case. Especially in fully braided configuration, the concurrence reaches its peak value 1, which is robust to chirality. We further show the influence of atomic initial states on the evolution of interatomic entanglement. Our scheme can be used for entanglement generation in chiral quantum networks of giant-atom waveguide-QED systems, with potential applications in quantum networks and quantum communications.
Microstructural, mechanical, and wear properties of Sn-based solder alloy modified with graphite nanoparticles
Authors: Amin M , Soliman H N 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study investigated the microstructural, mechanical, and wear properties of the Sn-2.5 wt%Ag-0.4 wt%Cu-1.0 wt%In (SAC-1.0In) solder alloy including nano-graphite (0.6–1.2 wt%). The microstructural characteristics of several samples were investigated using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDS), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and x-ray photoelectronic spectroscopy (XPS). The results of this study revealed that the presence of nano-graphite particles stimulated the production of distinct intermetallic compound phases (IMC) identified as Ag3Sn, Cu6Sn5, and γ-InSn4. These IMCs are uniformly dispersed throughout the matrix. The results showed that the addition of nano-graphite particles did not significantly alter the morphology of the microstructure but reduced the particle size of these IMCs. This refining of precipitated IMC particles resulted in considerable improvements in the material’s mechanical properties. The wear properties of both unreinforced matrix and graphite composites were investigated utilizing a pin-on-disc tribometer. The addition of 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2 wt% graphite nanoparticles decreased the sliding wear rate. It is worth noting that the current study is deemed unique and novel in terms of total strain percent behavior as graphite content increases.
The localized excitation on the Weierstrass elliptic function periodic background for the (3+1)-dimensional generalized variable-coefficient Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation
Authors: Wang Yuqian , Li Jiabin , Sun Wanyi , Yang Yunqing 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this paper, the linear spectral problem associated with the (3+1)-dimensional generalized variable-coefficient Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (gvcKP) equation with the Weierstrass function as the external potential is investigated based on the Lamé function, from which some new localized nonlinear wave solutions on the Weierstrass elliptic ℘-function periodic background are obtained by the Darboux transformation. The degenerate solutions on the ℘-function periodic background for the gvcKP equation can be derived by taking the limits of the half-periods ω
1, ω
2 of ℘(x), whose evolution and corresponding dynamics are also discussed. The findings show that nonlinear waves on the ℘-function periodic background behave as different types of nonlinear waves in different spaces, including periodic waves, vortex solitons and interaction solutions, aiding in elucidating some physical phenomena in the related fields, such as the physical ocean and nonlinear optics.
Exploring Indexing and Slicing in NumPy Arrays
Authors: Li Yangyang , Shao Yue , Fu Chunlong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This article provides an in-depth analysis of the application differences between indexing and slicing NumPy arrays to provide a clear guide to scientific computing and data analysis. The article first introduces the basics of NumPy arrays, discusses the deep copy and shallow copy mechanisms, and the role of copies and views in memory management. Then it shows the specific application methods of integer indexing, boolean indexing, fancy indexing, and slicing of one- and two-dimensional arrays through examples. It can be concluded from the experiments that slices are views of the original arrays, and modifications to the views affect the original arrays. While the index returns a copy of the original array, the modification of the copy does not affect the original array. Finally, the syntactic forms, differentiation methods and application scenarios of array indexes and slices are summarized. The research in this paper aims to be able to help researchers and developers better master the indexing and slicing techniques of NumPy arrays, and improve their ability to process and analyze data in practice.
Effect of Larval Feed on the Nutritional Quality of Black Soldier Fly Larvae Meal as an Alternative Feed for Shrimp
Authors: Muthmainnah M A , Hartulistiyoso E , Supriyanto  
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The demand for annual shrimp feed in Indonesia is projected at 12-13 million tons/year and is driven by government initiatives to boost shrimp exports. Shrimp feed constitutes a substantial portion (60-80%) of total pond operating expenses. To reduce reliance on imported protein ingredients such as fish meal, meat bone meal, soybean meal, and pollard, the potential of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae as a domestic protein source for shrimp feed is being explored. However, limited research has been conducted on maggot-based shrimp feed formulations, and large-scale trials in Indonesia are scarce due to inconsistent quality of BSF larvae products. This study focuses on achieving stable nutritional profiles and consistentphysical and chemical characteristics of BSF larvae, aiming to produce suitable BSF larvae-flour for vannamei shrimp feed. A meticulous cultivation process encompasses on bioconversion, substrate composition, environmental condition, pre-processing, dehydration, and flouring of BSF larvae was employed to ensure consistent quality. Additionally, the research evaluates compliance with Minimum Technical Requirements for protein and fat content(SNI 01-2354-(3-4)-2006), as well as ash content in feed ingredients (SNI 2354-1-2010) and Vannamei Feed ingredients (SNI 11372-7813-2013). Bioconvertion method applied was successfully providing solution to Polewali Mandar Central Market waste problem, through intensive cultivation of BSF larvae. The three samples of maggot flour from substrates A, B and C that were analyzed fit will all the feed ingredients condition, all test components obtained were in accordance with SNI. Except for thewater content and microbial components in substrate C flour.
The potential of biomass for addressing energy needs in the cement industry: a systematic literature review
Authors: Murodif A , Fauzi A M , Erizal  , Karlinasari L 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Utilizing biomass as an alternative energy source is crucial for reducing the environmental impacts of global warming and climate change by replacing coal. This study conducts a systematic literature review (SLR) to examine the potential of biomass in the cement industry and its environmental effects. The research methodology comprises four stages: 1) conducting an SLR using the Scopus database, 2) guided by PRISMA; 3) performing a bibliometric analysis with VOSviewer; and 4) comparing findings with in-plant observations. The SLR encompassed a bibliometric analysis of 40 selected journal articles. The primary finding underscores the significant benefits of renewable energy sources like rice and corn. Implementing biomass in cement plants in Indonesia reduces energy consumption by 499.000 MWh and decreases CO2 emissions by 361.309.000 tons per year. In the USA, about 4.32 million tons of dry biomass can generate 5.2 million MWh of electricity, equivalent to 250 gallons of gasoline. The potential of microorganisms and algae as future fuel sources is substantial, highlighting the need for a gradual shift from coal-based to biomass energy. This transition is advantageous due to the abundance of biomass resources, including rice, wood, plantation crops like palm oil, sugarcane, rubber, coconut, corn, municipal waste, and animal waste.
Design development of condenser system for condensing smoke produced by carbonization process
Authors: Agustina Sri Endah , Priyandiri Andrie , Lubis Abdul Muis , Ramadhan Radita Riski 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The coconut shell charcoal industry is growing rapidly for export purpose, raw material for several industries, and as fuel on cooking stove or grill. In the other side, charcoal production activity causing negative impacts since the process produce smoke which can pollute the environment around production area. One of many efforts to reduce the negative impact of charcoal production activities is by condensing the smoke into liquid smoke. Liquid smoke has high economical value since it can be utilized as a natural pesticide, natural preservative, and also for medicine after a certain processing. Charcoal production is a carbonization process based on primary pyrolysis technology. A condenser system has been developed for carbonization process in a portable venturi kiln. The condenser system consists of the condenser itself as the main part of the system, piping unit to transfer the smoke from the kiln (carbonization reactor) to the condenser, connection port between kiln and the pipe, and connection port between pipe and the condenser. Several improvements have been done to the original design to get optimum performance of the overall system (both of kiln performance and the condenser system performance). Kiln performance was decline when condenser system applied since the smoke interrupted when release from the kiln and causing carbonization process getting slowly. In the other side, the smoke should be slowly entering the condenser system for good result of condensation. The lasted modification design of the system is a condenser with 11 vertical copper pipes with 0.5 cm diameter and 110 cm length, bounded by 20 round galvanic plate with 10 cm diameter and 0.4 mm thickness. The condenser connected to the kiln through the 210 cm pipe in a half circle form. The system performance successfully processing 12.45 kg coconut shell to produce good charcoal with yield around 24% in the average temperature of 260 °C in around 270 minutes. The system produce 1520 ml condensate with average distillation rate of 0.35lt/hour.
Exergoeconomics as a way of assessing energy self-sufficiency in the tapioca industry (review)
Authors: Farhani A C , Herodian S , Noorachmat B P , Nelwan L O 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Energy conservation has been mandated in Indonesia since 2009. This energy conservation relied heavily on efficient usage of fossil fuel energy. For agroindustry, one of an efficient way of using energy that could be approached is by having its own power plant fueled by its waste generated from production process. This act of energy conservation leads to an energy self-sufficient industry, that has already happened in some agroindustry sector. For tapioca industry, some papers show the potential to achieve an energy self-sufficient industry however in reality to build one of it is difficult. This paper reviewed current research on energy conservation practice in agroindustry and on conversion of tapioca waste to energy. This paper also discussed ways to assess the feasibility of waste to energy (WTE) technology. In here, we suggest exergoeconomics to appraise the WTE for tapioca industry. We also reviewed exergoeconomics analysis regarding agroindustry and energy conservation.
Mulching Effect on Growth and Yield of Garlic at Rurukan Village, Tomohon City
Authors: Tandi Olvie Grietjie , Salamba Herlina N. , Lintang Meivie , Silondae Hasrianti , Sondakh Joula O. M. , Layuk Payung , Elizabeth Rosganda , Rembang Janne H.W. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Garlic production in Indonesia is still not able to supply the public needs, therefor as much as 99 percent of the needs are met from imports. Several cultivation technology innovations which can increase production to help meet domestic consumption targets include the use of local varieties, site-specific fertilization, and the use of plastic mulch. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of mulching on the growth and yield of two varieties of garlic (Allium sativum L). The research was conducted in Rurukan Village, East Tomohon District, Tomohon City, with an altitude of 700 m above sea level from April to December 2018. The study used a Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with 4 treatments and 5 replications, namely A (without mulch, Lumbu Hijau) variety; B (without mulch, Lumbuh Kuning variety); C (Plastic Silver Mulch, Lumbuh Hijau variety) and D (Plastic Silver Mulch Lumbuh Kuning variety). The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). If it had a significant effect, then it will be continued with the Ducan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% level. The results showed that the response of garlic to the variables of plant height (cm), the diameter of tuber/plant (cm), dry weight of bulb (g), and yield (tons/ha) showed different responses, while the number of leaves (strands) of garlic is not significant. Treatment D (Plastic Silver Mulch Lumbuh Kuning variety) was the best treatment for the growth and yield of garlic.
Immunophenotypic, genetic, and clinical characterization of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma: A single tertiary care center experience in the United States
Authors: Edema Ukuemi , Liu John , Ma Maxwell Y , Krishnamurthy Kritika , Choudhuri Jui , Li Xing , Marhatta Adwait , Qi Xiaohua , Ma Iris R , Wang Qing , Shastri Aditi , Goldfinger Mendel , Gritsman Kira , Sica R Alejandro , Mantzaris Ioannis , Kornblum Noah , Konopleva Marina , Wang Yanhua , Shi Yang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is an aggressive mature T-cell neoplasm caused by human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1). Its most common immunophenotype is CD4+/CD7–/CD25+, although unusual immunophenotypes can occur and may lead to misdiagnosis.

Methods
The immunophenotypes, cytogenetics, molecular features, clinical presentations, treatment, and prognosis of 131 patients with ATLL were retrospectively studied in a large tertiary medical center in the United States.

Results
All cases showed loss of CD7 expression. While 82.4% of cases demonstrated CD4+, 17.6% exhibited unusual phenotypes, including CD4+/CD8+ (6.9%), CD4–/CD8– (2.3%), CD5– (3.1%), CD2–, and CD3–. The most common cytogenetics abnormalities included polysomy 3 (34.6%), translocation 1 (23.1%), and abnormalities found on chromosome 11 (30.8%) and chromosome 14 (26.9%). The common gene mutations identified by the next-generation sequencing study were TP53 (16.7%), TBL1XR1 (16.7%), EP300 (14.3%), and NOTCH1 (14.3%). TBL1XR1 mutation is associated with genetic instabilities. There was no significant difference between the clinical presentations of these 2 groups.

Conclusions
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma exhibits versatile immunophenotypic, cytogenetic, and molecular features. Simultaneous involvement of blood, lymph nodes, and other organs, along with hypercalcemia in a patient from an endemic area, necessitates HTLV-1 testing to avoid underdiagnosis of this dismal disease that might need aggressive chemotherapy followed by bone marrow transplant.
Synthetic lethal connectivity and graph transformer improve synthetic lethality prediction
Authors: Fan Kunjie , Gökbağ Birkan , Tang Shan , Li Shangjia , Huang Yirui , Wang Lingling , Cheng Lijun , Li Lang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Synthetic lethality (SL) has shown great promise for the discovery of novel targets in cancer. CRISPR double-knockout (CDKO) technologies can only screen several hundred genes and their combinations, but not genome-wide. Therefore, good SL prediction models are highly needed for genes and gene pairs selection in CDKO experiments. However, lack of scalable SL properties prevents generalizability of SL interactions to out-of-sample data, thereby hindering modeling efforts. In this paper, we recognize that SL connectivity is a scalable and generalizable SL property. We develop a novel two-step multilayer encoder for individual sample-specific SL prediction model (MLEC-iSL), which predicts SL connectivity first and SL interactions subsequently. MLEC-iSL has three encoders, namely, gene, graph, and transformer encoders. MLEC-iSL achieves high SL prediction performance in K562 (AUPR, 0.73; AUC, 0.72) and Jurkat (AUPR, 0.73; AUC, 0.71) cells, while no existing methods exceed 0.62 AUPR and AUC. The prediction performance of MLEC-iSL is validated in a CDKO experiment in 22Rv1 cells, yielding a 46.8% SL rate among 987 selected gene pairs. The screen also reveals SL dependency between apoptosis and mitosis cell death pathways.
Reviewing the Necessity Test in a PHEIC: “Least Intrusiveness” or “Reasonable Necessity”
Authors: Zhang Yue , Zhou Yuqi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic challenged traditional thinking about permitted limitations on human rights and signaled how vulnerable and fragile our world could be. Despite the pandemic being declared terminated by the WHO in 2023, lessons have not yet been fully learned therefrom to cope with health crises that we would encounter in future. How stringent measures are adaptable to the necessity test in a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) requires continuous examination. This article critically reviews the incompatibility of the least intrusive standard with profound scientific uncertainty in a PHEIC. This test is likely to strike a poor balance between effectiveness, efficiency, and intrusiveness. When States took precautionary measures without full scientific support, the least intrusive standard turned out to be only presumptive with a de facto reasonable necessity test stepping in. The article rationalizes the adoption of the reasonable necessity test as a contextual interpretation and adaptation of necessity and precaution in the events of PHEIC. It further contours the test through a risk-based approach and in consideration of the economic and social impact of intrusive measures.
Restriction and evasion: a review of IFNγ-mediated cell-autonomous defense pathways during genital Chlamydia infection
Authors: Reitano Jeffrey R , Coers Jörn 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common cause of bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the USA. As an STI, C. trachomatis infections can cause inflammatory damage to the female reproductive tract and downstream sequelae including infertility. No vaccine currently exists to C. trachomatis, which evades sterilizing immune responses in its human host. A better understanding of this evasion will greatly benefit the production of anti-Chlamydia therapeutics and vaccination strategies. This minireview will discuss a single branch of the immune system, which activates in response to genital Chlamydia infection: so-called “cell-autonomous immunity” activated by the cytokine interferon-gamma. We will also discuss the mechanisms by which human and mouse-adapted Chlamydia species evade cell-autonomous immune responses in their native hosts. This minireview will examine five pathways of host defense and their evasion: (i) depletion of tryptophan and other nutrients, (ii) immunity-related GTPase-mediated defense, (iii) production of nitric oxide, (iv) IFNγ-induced cell death, and (v) RNF213-mediated destruction of inclusions.