bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parenting in African American families: Profiles of general and culturally specific dimensions of parent–adolescent relationships during late adolescence
Authors: Smith Naila A. , McDonald Ashley , Ferrone Carly Trakofler , Johnson Shadane , Witherspoon Dawn P. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDevelopmental and parenting frameworks suggest that factors at the individual‐level and multiple levels of adolescents' contexts are important determinants of how African American parents prepare their children to live in a racially stratified society. Using a person‐centered approach, this study explored heterogeneity in profiles of African American parent–adolescent relationships (PARs) using indicators of parent‐reported ethnic‐racial socialization (cultural socialization, preparation for bias), general parenting practices (autonomy support, monitoring, behavioral control), and relationship quality (warmth, communication, conflict). We also examined how adolescents' characteristics, parents' personal and psychological resources, and contextual sources of stress and support contributed to profile membership. Data were from the Maryland Adolescent Development in Context Study (1991–2000) and consisted of 589 African American caregiver–adolescent dyads (caregivers: 89% female; 57.2% married; adolescents: 50.7% female; Mage = 17, SD = 0.64, range = 15–19 years old). Latent profile analysis revealed four profiles: (a) No‐Nonsense High Socializers, (b) Indulgent Average Socializers, (c) Unengaged Silent Socializers, and (d) Authoritative Cultural Socializers. Adolescent characteristics (gender, depression, and problem behavior), parents' personal and psychological resources (parenting self‐efficacy, centrality, private regard, and depression), and contextual sources of stress and support (stress: economic hardship, family stress, neighborhood disadvantage and support: marital status, family cohesion, family organization) were correlated with profile membership. Findings suggest that variability in African American PARs is shaped by an extensive set of individual and contextual factors related to adolescents and the family and neighborhood context. These findings have important implications for future research and how to target multiple potential levers for change in African American parenting practice.
Provider‐to‐provider telemedicine for sepsis is used less frequently in communities with high social vulnerability
Authors: Tu Kevin J. , Vakkalanka J. Priyanka , Okoro Uche E. , Harland Karisa K. , Wymore Cole , Fuller Brian M. , Campbell Kalyn , Swanson Morgan B. , Parker Edith A. , Mack Luke J. , Bell Amanda , DeJong Katie , Faine Brett , Zepeski Anne , Mueller Keith , Chrischilles Elizabeth , Carpenter Christopher R. , Jones Michael P. , Ward Marcia M. , Mohr Nicholas M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPurposeSepsis disproportionately affects patients in rural and socially vulnerable communities. A promising strategy to address this disparity is provider‐to‐provider emergency department (ED)‐based telehealth consultation (tele‐ED). The objective of this study was to determine if county‐level social vulnerability index (SVI) was associated with tele‐ED use for sepsis and, if so, which SVI elements were most strongly associated.MethodsWe used data from the TELEmedicine as a Virtual Intervention for Sepsis in Rural Emergency Department study. The primary exposures were SVI aggregate and component scores. We used multivariable generalized estimating equations to model the association between SVI and tele‐ED use.FindingsOur study cohort included 1191 patients treated in 23 Midwestern rural EDs between August 2016 and June 2019, of whom 326 (27.4%) were treated with tele‐ED. Providers in counties with a high SVI were less likely to use tele‐ED (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.31‒0.87), an effect principally attributable to the housing type and transportation component of SVI (aOR = 0.44, 95% CI 0.22–0.89). Providers who treated fewer sepsis patients (1‒10 vs. 31+ over study period) and therefore may have been less experienced in sepsis care, were more likely to activate tele‐ED (aOR = 3.91, 95% CI 2.08‒7.38).ConclusionsTele‐ED use for sepsis was lower in socially vulnerable counties and higher among providers who treated fewer sepsis patients. These findings suggest that while tele‐ED increases access to specialized care, it may not completely ameliorate sepsis disparities due to its less frequent use in socially vulnerable communities.
Relationships between weight loss during short‐term feed deprivation, feed conversion efficiency, and growth in Delta Select and Delta Control line channel catfish families
Authors: Bosworth Brian G. , Chisolm Dakoda O. , Patterson Michael J. , Ott Brian D. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWeight loss during feed deprivation is correlated with feed conversion efficiency (FCR) in several fish species, suggesting weight loss could be used to indirectly select for improved feed conversion. Trials were conducted to determine relationships among weight loss and FCR with Delta Select and Delta Control line channel catfish fingerlings. Weight loss was measured for 79 Delta Select line families and 20 Delta Control line families in replicate feed deprivation trials. Weight loss was higher for Delta Controls than Delta Selects. The 10 Delta Select families with the highest weight loss, 10 Delta Select families with the lowest weight loss, and 10 random Delta Control families were used in a feeding trial. Initial weight, final weight, percent weight gain, and percent feed consumption were similar among Delta Select groups but higher than the Delta Control's. Feed conversion and survival were similar for all groups. Fish from the feeding trial were used in a third feed deprivation trial. Family means for weight loss were positively correlated across three feed deprivation trials but not correlated with feed conversion indicating selection for weight‐loss would not improve feed conversion. The faster growth of Delta Select catfish is as a result of increased feed consumption.
Evolving trends and outcomes on the US liver transplant waitlist of alcohol‐associated hepatitis patients with very high MELD scores
Authors: Tanaka Tomohiro , Axelrod David 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLiver transplantation (LT) in patients with alcohol‐associated hepatitis (AH) has rapidly increased following the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and the implementation of the Acuity Circle policy, raising questions of equity and utility. Waitlist mortality among high (≥37) Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease LT candidates with AH and post‐transplant survival were assessed with a semiparametric survival regression and a generalized linear mixed‐effect model with LT centre‐ and listing date‐level random intercepts. These models demonstrate a lower mortality for the candidates listed with AH (adjusted sub‐hazard ratio .58_.72_.90 and odds ratio .44_.66_.99) when compared to other diagnoses (autoimmune hepatitis, metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease and primary biliary cholangitis). Post‐LT survival was comparable. This study highlights the limitations of current tools in characterizing the risk of mortality, and thus need for the modifications in prioritizing LT candidates with AH. Policy revision may be needed to ensure equivalent access to LT regardless of diagnosis.
Phytoplankton assemblages in response to environmental variability in tropical coastal waters of the Malacca Straits, Malaysia
Authors: Sohaimi Erqa Shazira , Amin Roswati Md , Idris Md Suffian , Chee Poh Seng , Akhir Mohd Fadzil Mohd 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSurface phytoplankton community, abundance, and species spatial distributions were investigated in the Malacca Straits (MS) of Peninsular Malaysia during the late northeast monsoon (March) and southwest monsoon (August) in 2019 to understand factors controlling their community dynamics. This study reveals that the monsoonal transitions lead to changes in sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface salinity (SSS), total nitrogen (TN), total chlorophyll‐a (Tchl‐a), and phytoplankton density in the MS. A total of 204 and 163 phytoplankton species were identified during March and August, respectively, with diatoms representing the most (80.6%), followed by dinoflagellates (9.9%), cyanobacteria (8.3%), and others (1.2%). Meanwhile, the average total phytoplankton density was lower in March (10.78 × 103 ± 14.70 cell L−1) and greater in August (26.98 × 103 ± 45.63 cell L−1), with Chaetoceros compressus and Thalassiosira sp. Seven found the highest in each season, respectively. There was no significant correlation between phytoplankton density and environmental parameters in the MS, except for the cyanobacteria and dinoflagellate communities. However, the Canonical Correspondence Analysis results showed that environmental parameters such as SST, SSS, and nutrients in the MS could affect the dominant phytoplankton species, particularly diatoms. The findings suggest that environmental changes between the seasons may act as ecological drivers in the formation of phytoplankton communities in marine habitats of the MS.
Infant feeding and criticality in children
Authors: Sorce Lauren R. , Asaro Lisa A. , Curley Martha A. Q. ,   for the RESTORE Study Investigators
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundData support the protective effects of human breast milk (HBM) feeding in acute illness but little is known about the impact of HBM feeding on the criticality of infants.AimTo explore the relationship between early HBM feeding and severity of illness and recovery in critically ill children requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation for acute respiratory failure (ARF).Study designProspective cohort study of mothers of patients aged 1–36 months who participated in the acute and follow‐up phases of the Randomized Evaluation of Sedation Titration for Respiratory Failure (RESTORE) clinical trial. Participants completed a survey describing HBM dose fed during their infant's first month of life.ResultsOf 138 patients, 70 (51%) received exclusive HBM feedings (90%–100% total feeds) and 68 (49%) did not. We found no group differences in severity of illness on paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission or severity of paediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS) within the first 24–48 h of intubation/mechanical ventilation (Pediatric Risk of Mortality [PRISM] III‐12 score median: 5 vs. 5, p = .88; moderate/severe PARDS: 53% vs. 54%, p = .63). While median time to recovery from ARF was reduced by 1 day in patients who received exclusive HBM feedings, the difference between groups was not statistically significant (median 1.5 vs. 2.6 days, hazard ratio 1.40 [95% confidence interval, 0.99–1.97], p = .06).ConclusionsHuman breast milk dose was not associated with severity of illness on PICU admission in children requiring mechanical ventilation for ARF.Relevance to Clinical PracticeData support the protective effects of HBM during acute illness and data from this study support a clinically important reduction in time to recovery of ARF. Paediatric nurses should continue to champion HBM feeding to advance improvements in infant health.
Modeled impacts of bouillon fortification with micronutrients on child mortality in Senegal, Burkina Faso, and Nigeria
Authors: Thompson Lauren , Becher Emily , Adams Katherine P. , Haile Demewoz , Walker Neff , Tong Hannah , Vosti Stephen A. , Engle‐Stone Reina 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMicronutrient interventions can reduce child mortality. By applying Micronutrient Intervention Modeling methods in Senegal, Burkina Faso, and Nigeria, we estimated the impacts of bouillon fortification on apparent dietary adequacy of vitamin A and zinc among children and folate among women. We then used the Lives Saved Tool to predict the impacts of bouillon fortification with ranges of vitamin A, zinc, and folic acid concentrations on lives saved among children 6–59 months of age. Fortification at 250 µg vitamin A/g and 120 µg folic acid/g was predicted to substantially reduce vitamin A– and folate‐attributable deaths: 65% for vitamin A and 92% for folate (Senegal), 36% for vitamin A and 74% for folate (Burkina Faso), and >95% for both (Nigeria). Zinc fortification at 5 mg/g would avert 48% (Senegal), 31% (Burkina Faso), and 63% (Nigeria) of zinc‐attributable deaths. The addition of all three nutrients at 30% of Codex nutrient reference values in 2.5 g bouillon was predicted to save an annual average of 293 child lives in Senegal (3.5% of deaths from all causes among children 6–59 months of age), 933 (2.1%) in Burkina Faso, and 18,362 (3.7%) in Nigeria. These results, along with evidence on program feasibility and costs, can help inform fortification program design discussions.
Incidence of complications after nonoperating room anesthesia in children in a low‐ and middle‐income country: A prospective and observational study
Authors: Jarraya Anouar , Kammoun Manel , Khcharem Jaouhar , Cherif Olfa , Feki Wiem , Mnif Zeinab 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionNonoperating room anesthesia is a growing field of medicine that can have an increased risk of complications, particularly in low‐ and middle‐income countries.AimsThe aim of this study was to describe the incidence of complications after pediatric nonoperating room anesthesia and investigate its risk factors.MethodsIn this prospective observational study, we included all children aged less than 5 years who were sedated or anesthetized in the radiology setting of a university hospital in a low‐ and middle‐income country. Patients were divided into two groups: complications or no‐complications groups. Then, we compared both groups, and univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to investigate the main risk factors for complications.ResultsWe included 256 children, and the incidence of complications was 8.6%. The main predictors of nonoperating room anesthesia‐related morbidity were: critically‐ill children (aOR = 2.490; 95% CI: 1.55–11.21), predicted difficult airway (aOR = 5.704; 95% CI: 1.017–31.98), and organization insufficiencies (aOR = 52.6; 95% CI:4.55–613). The preanesthetic consultation few days before NORA protected against complications (aOR = 0.263; 95%CI: 0.080–0.867).ConclusionsThe incidence of complications during NORA among children in our radiology setting remains high. Investigating predictors for morbidity allowed high‐risk patient selection, which allowed taking precautions. Several improvement measures were taken to address the organization's insufficiencies.
How teams can overcome silence: The roles of humble leadership and team commitment
Authors: Zettna Nate , Nguyen Helena , Restubog Simon Lloyd D. , Schilpzand Pauline , Johnson Anya 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTeam performance can be eroded or undermined when team members intentionally withhold information, such as suggestions for improvements, or concerns about issues that matter for the team. Yet, we know very little about whether silence in teams (team silence) in fact reduces team performance, and if it does, how team silence might be ameliorated. Grounded in social information processing (SIP) theory, we hypothesize and investigate the role of leaders as a potent social informational source to reduce team silence and in turn, enhance team performance. We further posit the role of team commitment to the organization as an important amplifier of humble leadership in reducing team silence. Across a programmatic series of five empirical studies involving experimental, multisource, and multiwave field data, we found support for the negative relationship between leader humility and team silence. Team silence also mediated the relationship between leader humility and team performance in a variety of work contexts. Findings supported that the benefits of leader humility were amplified in teams with higher levels of organizational commitment. Overall, this paper contributes new theoretical and practical insights by identifying leader humility as a preventative antecedent to team silence, with team commitment to the organization as an important qualifier of the impact of humble leadership on teams.
Content validation of a Facebook HPV vaccination promotion intervention (#HPVvaxtalks) created for young Black adults (18–26 years old)
Authors: Adebola Adegboyega , Charis Ebikwo , Tristan Ntego , Melinda Ickes 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundDespite the expansion in human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination recommendations, vaccine uptake and completion remain low among Black individuals. An 8‐week Facebook intervention (#HPVvaxtalks) was developed to increase knowledge and awareness of HPV risk factors, risk perceptions, and vaccination intention and uptake. This article details the formative phase of experts’ feedback and participants’ satisfaction on the components of the #HPVvaxtalks for content useability, acceptability, relevance, and visual appeal to inform further refinements.MethodA convenience sample of 5 experts and 13 young Black adults were invited to provide feedback on #HPVvaxtalks intervention content. The experts reviewed and provided feedback via a survey and open‐ended questions. After incorporating suggestions from experts’ feedback, 13 participants viewed #HPVvaxtalks posts, took part in a virtual focus group, and completed a survey. Qualitative data were thematically analyzed and integrated with survey results.ResultsExperts and participants mean age were 41.9 ± 2.3 and 21.2 ± 1.9 years, respectively. Experts and participants reported positive ratings for intervention posts, including useability, acceptability, relevance, and visual appeal. Data provided areas for improvements of #HPVvaxtalks. ConclusionExperts indicated strong content validity and participants showed satisfaction with #HPVvaxtalks content. Ensuring acceptability, relevance, and appeal of the intervention for the target population is an integral part of intervention development.
Conceptual‐level disgust conditioning in contamination‐based obsessive‐compulsive disorder
Authors: Wang Jinxia , Becker Benjamin , Wang Yizhen , Ming Xianchao , Lei Yi , Wikgren Jan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPavlovian fear conditioning and extinction represent learning mechanisms underlying exposure‐based interventions. While increasing evidence indicates a pivotal role of disgust in the development of contamination‐based obsessive‐compulsive disorder (C‐OCD), dysregulations in conditioned disgust acquisition and maintenance, in particular driven by higher‐order conceptual processes, have not been examined. Here, we address this gap by exposing individuals with high (HCC, n = 41) or low (LCC, n = 41) contamination concern to a conceptual‐level disgust conditioning and extinction paradigm. Conditioned stimuli (CS+) were images from one conceptual category partially reinforced by unconditioned disgust‐eliciting stimuli (US), while images from another category served as non‐reinforced conditioned stimuli (CS−). Skin conductance responses (SCRs), US expectancy and CS valence ratings served as primary outcomes to quantify conditioned disgust responses. Relative to LCC, HCC individuals exhibited increased US expectancy and CS+ disgust experience, but comparable SCR levels following disgust acquisition. Despite a decrease in conditioned responses from the acquisition phase to the extinction phase, both groups did not fully extinguish the learned disgust. Importantly, the extinction resilience of acquired disgust was more pronounced in HCC individuals. Together, our findings suggest that individuals with high self‐reported contamination concern exhibit increased disgust acquisition and resistance to extinction. The findings provide preliminary evidence on how dysregulated disgust learning mechanism across semantically related concepts may contribute to C‐OCD.
Mineralogical and geochemical features of the Sirna Mn‐Fe deposit in the Kurdistan region, northeastern Iraq: Unveiling the formation of a Mn‐Fe silica gel plume via serpentinization hydrothermal mechanisms
Authors: Mohammad Yousif , Latif Dnya , Pirouei Mohammad , Omer Danar 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe study probes the mineralogical and geochemical features of manganese‐iron deposits located in the Sirna area, which is a part of the late Cretaceous Walash Group in the Zagros suture zone, situated in the Kurdistan region of northeastern Iraq. Our investigation comprised field surveys, examination of ore petrography, besides using x‐ray diffraction, SEM‐EDS analysis, x‐ray fluorescence analyses, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry techniques conducted on a set of representative samples. A significant Mn‐Fe ovoidal ore body, extending across 25 meters in diameter, protrudes between the lower strata of soft gray shale and the upper strata of massive limestone within the Walash group. The deposit exhibits a distinct separation into three layers: a lower horizon characterized by abundance of oxide of silicon, an upper horizon enriched in manganese oxide, and a transition layer dominated by hematite (Fe2O3). From a geochemical perspective, there is a gradual decrease in Fe2O3 and SiO2 from the lower to the upper part of the deposit, while MnO, BaO, and SO3 demonstrate a gradual increase. The co‐association of Mn‐Fe‐mineralization in a small restricted tabular ore body suggests that they are genetically related. Within the Sirna manganese‐iron deposit, the prevalent manganese and iron mineral phases are braunite, hollandite, and hematite. Concurrently, the gangue minerals in this deposit encompass cryptocrystalline spheroidal quartz, barite, calcite, and apatite. The Sirna Mn‐Fe deposit exhibits geochemical characteristics such as elevated levels of MnO (reaching up to 68 wt.%) and significant Fe2O3 content (up to 45 wt.%) in the upper manganese and transitional iron horizons, respectively. The Co/Zn ratio (0.28), Ce/La ratio (1.78), low levels of transitional elements (Co + Ni + Cu <0.01 wt.%), and varying concentrations of Ba (up to 6.9 wt.%) suggest that the Siran Mn‐Fe deposit is likely originated from a manganese‐iron silica gel plume that separated from hydrothermal fluids linked to serpentinization. This process is thought to have occurred in the mantle wedge along subduction zone, typically within an arc tectonic environment. Moreover, the presence of remnants of micro‐organisms such as EPS layers, different types of filaments, which are densely covered by biominerals, are important evidence of microbial effect in the mineralization of Mn‐Fe in the study area.
Presidents and nonprofits: Illustrating compositional modeling of the U.S. nonprofit sector
Authors: Zuhlke Samantha 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectivesNonprofits sit at the intersection of policy and politics. Compositional modeling presents an opportunity for nonprofit scholars to investigate trade‐offs within the nonprofit sector.MethodsUsing U.S. nonprofit and political data from 1993 to 2013, I employ a dynamic pie modeling strategy to illustrate how federal politics affect the composition of the nonprofit sector.ResultsU.S. federal politics, measured as changes in presidential partisanship, correlate with trade‐offs in the composition of the nonprofit sector. Democratic presidents are associated with increases in new Human Services (HU), Environment and Animals (EN), and International/Foreign Affairs (IN) nonprofits and decreases in new Arts/Culture/Humanities (AR), Education (ED), Health (HE), Religion Related (RE), and Unknown/Unclassified (UN) nonprofit organizations.ConclusionsTheoretically, politics may play a greater role in the nonprofit sector than scholars currently give credence to. Empirically, compositional modeling strategies provide avenues for new theoretical and empirical insights into nonprofit organizations.