bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Boardroom Strategic Decision‐Making Style: Understanding the Antecedents
Authors: Bailey Bernard C. , Peck Simon I. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractManuscript TypeEmpiricalResearch IssueThe purpose of this study is to develop an understanding of the antecedents that lead to boards embracing either procedural rationality or political behaviors as a particular style of strategic decision making.Research FindingsSemi‐structured interviews with 29 directors and officers of eight publicly‐tradedUScompanies were conducted. Of the eight boards analyzed, there were clear differences in the predominant style of decision making operationalized by each. More importantly, however, the variance between boards that tended towards procedural rationality versus political behaviors as the predominant style of strategic decision making was explained by three primary factors. These included: (1) shared mental models; (2) balanced power relationships between the board members andCEO, as well as amongst individual board members; and (3) board chair leadership skills. Our data allow us to identify important antecedents of these factors.Theoretical ImplicationsWe add to the work seeking to understand the processes associated with board level strategic decision making. We augment decision‐making theories relating to procedural rationality and political behaviors with board‐specific factors and their characteristics.Practitioner ImplicationsWe isolate a number of antecedents relating to the conduct of boards and the environment of board decision making. We also highlight the roles of the board chair and theCEOfor creating a boardroom environment conducive to engaging in quality decision‐making processes.
Interacting effects of ocean acidification and warming on growth and DMS‐production in the haptophyte coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi
Authors: Arnold Hayley E. , Kerrison Philip , Steinke Michael 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe production of the marine trace gas dimethyl sulfide (DMS) provides 90% of the marine biogenic sulfur in the atmosphere where it affects cloud formation and climate. The effects of increasing anthropogenic CO2 and the resulting warming and ocean acidification on trace gas production in the oceans are poorly understood. Here we report the first measurements of DMS‐production and data on growth, DMSP and DMS concentrations in pH‐stated cultures of the phytoplankton haptophyte Emiliania huxleyi. Four different environmental conditions were tested: ambient, elevated CO2 (+CO2), elevated temperature (+T) and elevated temperature and CO2 (+TCO2). In comparison to the ambient treatment, average DMS production was about 50% lower in the +CO2 treatment. Importantly, temperature had a strong effect on DMS production and the impacts outweighed the effects of a decrease in pH. As a result, the +T and +TCO2 treatments showed significantly higher DMS production of 36.2 ± 2.58 and 31.5 ± 4.66 μmol L−1 cell volume (CV) h−1 in comparison with the +CO2 treatment (14.9 ± 4.20 μmol L−1 CV h−1). As the cultures were aerated with an air/CO2 mixture, DMS was effectively removed from the incubation bottles so that concentration remained relatively low (3.6–6.1 mmol L−1 CV). Intracellular DMSP has been shown to increase in E. huxleyi as a result of elevated temperature and/or elevated CO2 and our results are in agreement with this finding: the ambient and +CO2 treatments showed 125 ± 20.4 and 162 ± 27.7 mmol L−1 CV, whereas +T and +TCO2 showed significantly increased intracellular DMSP concentrations of 195 ± 15.8 and 211 ± 28.2 mmol L−1 CV respectively. Growth was unaffected by the treatments, but cell diameter decreased significantly under elevated temperature. These results indicate that DMS production is sensitive to CO2 and temperature in E. huxleyi. Hence, global environmental change that manifests in ocean acidification and warming may not result in decreased DMS as suggested by earlier studies investigating the effect of elevated CO2 in isolation.
Performance of a novel BD Stem Cell Enumeration Kit on two flow cytometry systems
Authors: Omana‐Zapata I. , Oreizy F. , Mosqueda F. , Salemenik M. , Lin A. , Wen J. L. , Varro R. , Lee‐Haynes L. , Segurado O. G. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryIntroductionHematopoietic stem cell transplantation, which requires accurate enumeration of stem cells, is routinely used in clinical settings. Flow cytometry provides a qualitative and quantitative assessment of CD34+ cells. Precision, linearity, and stability of the novel BD™ Stem Cell Enumeration (SCE) Kit were evaluated on two flow cytometry platforms using a modified ISHAGE gating strategy and including a viability dye for data acquisition and analysis.MethodsPrecision and linearity were evaluated on BD FACSCanto™ II and BD FACSCalibur™ systems. Stability was evaluated on the BD FACSCanto II system. Precision was tested using both high and low controls. Linearity was evaluated using dilutions from CD34+ cell pools, while stability was evaluated using fresh leukapheresis specimens.ResultsBoth systems showed precision with limited variability in absolute counts and percentages of viable CD34+ cells. The linearity range of viable CD34+ cells in both systems was established at 0–1000 cells/μL, showing a linear relationship (R2 = 0.99). Stability of CD34+ cells in mobilized leukapheresis samples was confirmed up to 24 h after collection and up to 60 min after the end of stain/lyse procedures.ConclusionThe BD SCE Kit on both flow cytometry systems shows consistent and reproducible results.
Congenital factor II deficiency: Moroccan cases
Authors: Imane S. , Laalej Z. , Faez S. , Oukkache B. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryBackgroundClotting factor II, or prothrombin, is a vitamin K–dependent proenzyme that functions in the blood coagulation cascade. Inherited factor II deficiency is an extremely rare autosomal recessive disorder affecting both genders: clinical bleeding can vary widely in homozygous individuals, and heterozygotes often remain clinically asymptomatic. This study highlights the rarity of inherited factor II deficiency and the importance of coagulation testing in the diagnosis of this condition.MethodsWe report four cases of factor II deficiency at our institution.ResultsAt diagnosis, two patients were 3 days old, whereas the other two patients were 13 and 40 years of age. Three patients were female, and one was male. Symptoms of factor II deficiency were reported at referral in three patients; the deficiency was an incidental finding in the remaining case. The parents of all four patients were consanguineous (first degree). Factor II enzymatic activity was 1% in 3 cases and 5% in the incidental case. The treatment consisted of transfusion with fresh frozen plasma in all cases.ConclusionsThe congenital deficiency of factor II is a rare inherited disorder. The diagnosis is mainly based on coagulation tests. However, the prognosis of this disease and access to medication are associated with the risk of occurrence of severe bleeding.
Preoperative masked renal damage in Japanese patients with primary aldosteronism: Identification of predictors for chronic kidney disease manifested after adrenalectomy
Authors: Utsumi Takanobu , Kawamura Koji , Imamoto Takashi , Nagano Hidekazu , Tanaka Tomoaki , Kamiya Naoto , Nihei Naoki , Naya Yukio , Suzuki Hiroyoshi , Ichikawa Tomohiko 
Published: November 2012

ObjectiveCorrect interpretation of renal function in patients with primary aldosteronism is difficult before adrenalectomy, because subtle kidney impairment is often masked by glomerular hyperfiltration peculiar to primary aldosteronism. The aim of this study was to investigate postoperative changes in renal function for patients with primary aldosteronism and to identify clinical predictors of chronic kidney disease manifested postoperatively in the patients without pre‐existing chronic kidney disease.MethodsRecords of 78 Japanese patients who underwent unilateral adrenalectomy for primary aldosteronism were retrospectively surveyed. Patients who had been followed up for <6 months were excluded. Preoperative and postoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate were compared. Furthermore, uni‐ and multivariate analyses were carried out to identify clinical predictors for chronic kidney disease manifested postoperatively.ResultsPatients with preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2 showed a significant decrease after surgery. Of the 66 patients without pre‐existing chronic kidney disease, 24 developed chronic kidney disease postoperatively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified a medical history of dyslipidemia as an independent predictor for chronic kidney disease manifested postoperatively. According to univariate analyses, additional factors associated with postoperative manifestation of chronic kidney disease included older age, lower diastolic blood pressure and lower estimated glomerular filtration rate.ConclusionsThe interpretation of normal or abnormal renal functions by examining estimated glomerular filtration rate heightened by hyperfiltration alone can mislead clinicians before adrenalectomy. Clinicians should pay attention to patients at greater risk of a significant decline in postoperative renal function.
Mexican Immigrants, Labour Market Assimilation and the Current Population: The Sensitivity of Results Across Seemingly Equivalent Surveys
Authors: Lozano Fernando A. , Sorensen Todd 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn this paper we compare estimates of immigrants’ labour supply assimilation profiles using the Current Population Survey Annual Demographic Files (March ADS) and the Current Population Survey Outgoing Rotation Groups (ORGs). We use a measure that is seemingly consistent across both surveys: usual weekly hours of work in the main job. This measure is not only important as it measures the intensive margin of labour supply, but it is also used to estimate hourly earnings in both surveys. Our results indicate that the two surveys produce dramatically different estimates of the change in average hours of work as immigrants’ years in the United States increase: estimates from the March ADS predict much steeper hour's assimilation profiles than do estimates obtained from the ORGs. These differences persist if we include controls for demographic characteristics, and only disappear once we control for occupation heterogeneity. We argue that these differences stem from two separate factors that differentiate the data. First, the ADS and ORG frame the usual “hours worked” question differently. Also, differences in the timing of the surveys may produce seasonality effects that differentially affect the composition of recent and earlier migrants, thereby changing assimilation profiles.
Children's First Names, Religiosity and Immigration Background in France
Authors: Araï Mahmood , Besancenot Damien , Huynh Kim , Skalli Ali 
Published: November 2012

AbstractUsing an index measuring the relative probability of names in different populations, our results indicate that immigrants and especially those from the Maghreb/Middle‐East give first names to their children that are different from those given by the French majority population. Though we find a correlation between religiosity and our name index for European immigrants, the differences in naming practices cannot generally be attributed to religiosity as we find no correlation between our name index and the religious practices of immigrants from the Maghreb/Middle‐East. These differences in the naming patterns are, as one would expect, related to general cultural references, language, citizenship and educational attainment.
Brain Drain from Turkey: Return Intentions of Skilled Migrants
Authors: Güngör Nil Demet , Tansel Aysıt 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe study estimates an empirical model of return intentions using a dataset compiled from an internet survey of Turkish professionals residing abroad. In the migration literature, wage differentials are often cited as an important factor explaining skilled migration. The findings of our study suggest, however, that non‐pecuniary factors, such as the importance of family and social considerations, are also influential in the return or non‐return decision of the highly educated. In addition, economic instability in Turkey, prior intentions to stay abroad, and work experience in Turkey also increase non‐return. Female respondents also appear less likely to return indicating a more selective migration process for females.
Ethnic Labor Market Contexts and the Earnings of Asian Immigrants
Authors: Shin Hyoung‐jin , Liang Zai 
Published: November 2012

AbstractOur paper examines how group specific metropolitan level factors affect the earnings of six major Asian immigrant groups in the United States: Chinese, Filipino, Indian, Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese. Drawing upon the theoretical perspectives of structural assimilation and ethnic economies, we develop several testable research hypotheses which are examined for the six Asian groups utilizing group specific multilevel regressions models. What is novel in this analysis is the comparison of the six Asian groups in different metropolitan areas in order to examine how variation in metropolitan context interacts with individual characteristics to influence individual earnings in wage or salaried occupations. The results show that the impact of metropolitan context is not uniform, but varied across and within the groups according to their different group and individual characteristics. We argue that future research strategy to establish the relationship between assimilation factors and immigrant earnings should put high priority on considering the distinctiveness of each immigrant group and the recent geographic diversification of immigrant destinations.
Towards a Socio‐Economics of the Brain Drain and Distributed Human Capital
Authors: Cañibano Carolina , Woolley Richard 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis paper derives from our joint interest in understanding how scientific mobility affects developing countries. Many authors have addressed the topic previously, both from an economic and from a sociological perspective. However, recent literature evinces dissatisfaction with both analytical frameworks and the framing of public policies addressing the brain drain problematic. This paper is a contribution to understanding the historical and theoretical foundations of the “brain drain” debate. We aim to improve conceptual clarity regarding the itinerancy of human beings and the mobilization of human capital. We develop a critical review of the economics of the brain drain, highlighting the work of some key early thinkers and pointing out the way in which subsequent work has taken up selected aspects of their approaches leaving other challenges aside. We then consider the diaspora networks literature, which is characterized as taking a “connectionist” approach to the brain drain. We identify two fundamental problems: the sidelining of complementarity and context dependency as basic properties of human capital; and a failure to adequately disentangle the concepts of human resources for science and technology (HRST) and human capital in academic and policy discourse about the brain drain.
Polish Young Peoples' Narratives: Impacts of Living and Studying in the UK
Authors: Akhurst Jacqui , Janik Michal , Szewczyk Margaret , Mucha Magdalena , Westmancoat Helen , Lever Viv , Walmsley Andreas 
Published: November 2012

AbstractMigration plays an important role in shaping contemporary society in the European Union (EU), with constituent countries being affected differently. As a result of the most recent expansion of the EU in 2004, the United Kingdom (UK) has experienced an influx of economic migrants from former “Eastern Bloc” countries, including many young people from Poland. In this study, we explore the experiences of a group of nine young Polish adults living, studying and working in the UK. Three of the nine participants were co‐researchers in this participatory action research, equipping them with the tools to undertake a narrative enquiry. The resultant narratives outline emergent themes and subthemes: including reasons for coming to and staying in the UK; first impressions of and changing opinions about life in the UK; the impact of visits to Poland; and plans for the future. The data add to the literature by providing a unique developmental perspective of the changing experiences of living in the UK; and give some insight into the life impacts of migration in contemporary Europe, amongst young people in their twenties.
Reconstructing Moral Identities in Memories of Childhood Language Brokering Experiences
Authors: Bauer Elaine 
Published: November 2012

AbstractLanguage brokering is a common phenomenon, whereby children of immigrant parents mediate both verbally and with written documents between their parents and other different language speakers or writers, converting meanings in one language into meanings in another. This paper explores some of the moral identities – the interplay between moral ideals and individuals' personal identities – adults construct from their memories of their activities as child language brokers. Qualitative research on adults who were, and to a large extent still are, language brokers for their parents, found that in the context of parent‐teacher meetings, some individuals recast their behaviours in a manner that rendered themselves as good, honest, ethical and well‐behaved students. This paper argues that the moral identities individuals construct from memories of their childhood experiences have social and cultural dimensions, and are contingent upon the context and the situation. The paper also has policy implications with regards to the status of the child, and the relationship of that status to cultural context and expectation, given that the circumstances of their lives cannot be removed. Regarding policy, this research could inform practitioners, schools, and the general public about the impact of language brokering experiences on children, and may help in some way to alleviate the stress/burdens associated with language brokering. Additionally, it could bring about increasing understanding of how people establish identities based on their lived experiences.
Is Atraumatic restorative treatment an option for restoring occlusoproximal caries lesions in primary teeth? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Raggio Daniela P. , Hesse Daniela , Lenzi Tathiane L. , A. B. Guglielmi Camila , Braga Mariana M. 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundAtraumatic restorative treatment (ART) has demonstrated good longevity when used for single‐surface restorations, but lower success rates are reported for occlusoproximal surfaces.AimThis systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to verify the pooled success rate of occlusoproximal ART restorations in primary teeth considering the outcomes: longevity, pulp damage, or caries lesion progression.DesignLiterature searching was carried out on the studies reporting clinical trials indexed in PubMed and in English language, comprising the outcomes. A meta‐analysis was undertaken considering the results from reviewed studies.ResultsAn initial search resulted in 126 articles, and three of them were finally selected. The main reasons for excluding articles were the absence of control group, as amalgam, composite resin, or compomer restorations to be compared with ART (hand excavation + high‐viscous GIC). The pooled estimate (odds ratio; 95% confidence interval) for ART approach success was 1.04 (0.65–1.66).ConclusionAtraumatic restorative treatment restorations performed with high‐viscous GIC present similar survival/success rates to conventional approach using composite resin or amalgam for occlusoproximal restorations in primary teeth and can be suggested as a good option for occlusoproximal cavities in primary molars. In addition, further randomized controlled clinical investigations concerning occlusoproximal restorations in primary teeth are still necessary.
Extinct and extant rove beetles meet in the matrix: Early Cretaceous fossils shed light on the evolution of a hyperdiverse insect lineage (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae)
Authors: Solodovnikov Alexey , Yue Yanli , Tarasov Sergey , Ren Dong 
Published: November 2012

AbstractDescription of the Early Cretaceous (Yixian Formation, China) fauna of Staphylininae and Paederinae rove beetles, and a rigorous (maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference) phylogenetic analysis of both extinct and extant taxa resulted in the following discoveries: a stem lineage sister to Staphylininae + Paederinae; a new tribe for Staphylininae, Thayeralinini trib. n.; several extinct species of the extant tribe Arrowinini; extinct basal lineages of the extant tribe Staphylinini; two stem genera of the “Xantholinine‐lineage” (Staphylininae); and recovery of Mesostaphylinus in Paederinae with several new species. It is demonstrated that by the Early Cretaceous, Paederinae and Staphylininae were already diversified into groups, some of which now represent extant tribes but not the branches dominating in the modern biota. While the study of the Early Cretaceous rove beetle fauna pushes the estimated divergence time between Paederinae and Staphylininae down into the Jurassic, it also suggests that presently hyperdiverse groups of Staphylininae originated some time later than the Early Cretaceous. In addition to one new tribe, five new genera (Paleothius, Cretoprosopus, Thayeralinus, Paleowinus and Durothorax) and 17 new species are described in Staphylininae, and three new species of Mesostaphylinus are described in Paederinae. Mesostaphylinus fraternus (incertae sedis) is moved to the genus Thayeralinus (Staphylininae).
Impaired macrophage phagocytosis in non‐eosinophilic asthma
Authors: Simpson J. L. , Gibson P. G. , Yang I. A. , Upham J. , James A. , Reynolds P. N. , Hodge S. ,   AMAZES Study Research Group
Published: November 2012

SummaryBackgroundMany patients with non‐eosinophilic asthma have increased numbers of neutrophils in the airways. The explanation for this chronic inflammation remains unclear, but may result from an impaired ability of alveolar macrophages to phagocytose apoptotic cells (a process termed ‘efferocytosis’), as we have shown in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).ObjectivesTo examine induced sputum as a non‐invasive technique to characterize efferocytosis in chronic lung diseases and to compare efferocytosis in patients with non‐eosinophilic asthma, eosinophilic asthma and COPD.MethodsParticipants with stable asthma (20 with eosinophilic and 30 with non‐eosinophilic) and COPD (n = 11) underwent clinical assessment including allergy skin tests, saline challenge and sputum induction. Sputum cells were dispersed using dithiothreitol and resuspended in culture medium. Efferocytosis of apoptotic bronchial epithelial cells by sputum‐derived macrophages was determined using flow cytometry.ResultsThere were no significant differences in efferocytosis between paired sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage macrophages from three subjects. Efferocytosis was significantly impaired in patients with non‐eosinophilic asthma [mean (SD) 0.95 (0.24)] compared with eosinophilic asthma [1.17 (0.19)] and to a similar degree as patients with COPD [1.04 (0.16)]. Sputum neutrophils were significantly higher in patients with COPD and non‐eosinophilic asthma compared with eosinophilic asthma.Conclusion and Clinical RelevanceInduced sputum provides a reliable and non‐invasive method for studying macrophage efferocytosis in chronic lung disease. Macrophage efferocytosis is impaired in non‐eosinophilic asthma to a similar degree as that in COPD and may explain the persistent airway neutrophilia and chronic inflammation that characterizes this asthma subtype.