bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Establishing prostate cancer patient derived xenografts: Lessons learned from older studies
Authors: Russell Pamela J. , Russell Peter , Rudduck Christina , Tse Brian W‐C , Williams Elizabeth D. , Raghavan Derek 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding the progression of prostate cancer to androgen‐independence/castrate resistance and development of preclinical testing models are important for developing new prostate cancer therapies. This report describes studies performed 30 years ago, which demonstrate utility and shortfalls of xenografting to preclinical modeling.MethodsWe subcutaneously implanted male nude mice with small prostate cancer fragments from transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) from 29 patients. Successful xenografts were passaged into new host mice. They were characterized using histology, immunohistochemistry for marker expression, flow cytometry for ploidy status, and in some cases by electron microscopy and response to testosterone. Two xenografts were karyotyped by G‐banding.ResultsTissues from 3/29 donors (10%) gave rise to xenografts that were successfully serially passaged in vivo. Two, (UCRU‐PR‐1, which subsequently was replaced by a mouse fibrosarcoma, and UCRU‐PR‐2, which combined epithelial and neuroendocrine features) have been described. UCRU‐PR‐4 line was a poorly differentiated prostatic adenocarcinoma derived from a patient who had undergone estrogen therapy and bilateral castration after his cancer relapsed. Histologically, this comprised diffusely infiltrating small acinar cell carcinoma with more solid aggregates of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. The xenografted line showed histology consistent with a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and stained positively for prostatic acid phosphatase (PAcP), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and the cytokeratin cocktail, CAM5.2, with weak staining for prostate specific antigen (PSA). The line failed to grow in female nude mice. Castration of three male nude mice after xenograft establishment resulted in cessation of growth in one, growth regression in another and transient growth in another, suggesting that some cells had retained androgen sensitivity. The karyotype (from passage 1) was 43–46, XY, dic(1;12)(p11;p11), der(3)t(3:?5)(q13;q13), ‐5, inv(7)(p15q35) x2, +add(7)(p13), add(8)(p22), add(11)(p14), add(13)(p11), add(20)(p12), ‐22, +r4[cp8].ConclusionsXenografts provide a clinically relevant model of prostate cancer, although establishing serially transplantable prostate cancer patient derived xenografts is challenging and requires rigorous characterization and high quality starting material. Xenografting from advanced prostate cancer is more likely to succeed, as xenografting from well differentiated, localized disease has not been achieved in our experience. Strong translational correlations can be demonstrated between the clinical disease state and the xenograft model. Prostate 75: 628–636, 2015. © The Authors. The Prostate published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Components of the endocannabinoid and dopamine systems are dysregulated in Huntington's disease: analysis of publicly available microarray datasets
Authors: Laprairie Robert B. , Bagher Amina M. , Precious Sophie V. , Denovan‐Wright Eileen M. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe endocannabinoid system (ECS) and the dopaminergic system (DAS) are two major regulators of basal ganglia function. During Huntington's disease (HD) pathogenesis, the expression of genes in both the ECS and DAS is dysregulated. The purpose of this study was to determine the changes that were consistently observed in the ECS and DAS during HD progression in the central nervous system (CNS) and in the periphery in different models of HD and human HD tissue. To do this, we conducted a meta‐analysis of differential gene expression in the ECS and DAS using publicly available microarray data. The consolidated data were summarized as observed changes in gene expression (OCGE) using a weighted sum for each gene. In addition, consolidated data were compared to previously published studies that were not available in the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database. The resulting data confirm gene expression changes observed using different approaches and provide novel insights into the consistency between changes observed in human tissue and various models, as well as disease stage‐ and tissue‐specific transcriptional dysregulation in HD. The major implication of the systems‐wide data presented here is that therapeutic strategies targeting the ECS or DAS must consider the dynamic changes in gene expression over time and in different body areas, which occur during HD progression and the interconnectedness of the two systems.
Properties of the thermoluminescence glow peaks simulated by the interactive multiple‐trap system (IMTS) model
Authors: Sadek A. M. , Eissa H. M. , Basha A. M. , Kitis G. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThermoluminescence (TL) glow peaks were simulated over a wide range of absorbed doses using the interactive multiple‐trap system (IMTS) model. The absorbed dose range was divided into three regions; a region in which the measured TL signal grows quadratically with the absorbed dose, a supraquadratic dose‐response region and dose‐saturation region. The properties of the simulated glow peaks were investigated for each dose region. The different behaviors of the maximum peak position (Tmax) with the absorbed doses were discussed. The applicability of applying the general‐order kinetics (GOK), the mixed‐order kinetics (MOK), and the developed one trap–one recombination (OTOR) center expressions on the IMTS glow peaks was investigated. The results showed that, in general, the developed OTOR expressions are the most apt expressions to be used in the peak‐fitting method for the deconvolution of the experimental glow curves. The accuracy of the GOK and MOK expressions in describing the IMTS glow peaks is dependent on the value of the ratio of the trapping probability to the recombination probability (R = A1/Am) and the amount of the absorbed dose. New TL expressions based on the non‐interactive multiple‐trap system (NMTS) model were deduced.
Predicting Early Intrahepatic Recurrence After Curative Resection of Colorectal Liver Metastases with Molecular Markers
Authors: Narita Masato , Oussoultzoglou Elie , Chenard Marie‐Pierre , Fuchshuber Pascal , Yamamoto Tetsuro , Addeo Pietro , Jaeck Daniel , Bachellier Philippe 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this case–control study was to identify clinicopathological factors and test three relevant biomarkers for their ability to predict early intrahepatic recurrence after curative liver resection for colorectal liver metastases (CLM).MethodsOf the 184 patients with CLM undergoing hepatectomy between January 2007 and December 2009, thirty patients had intrahepatic disease recurrence within 6 months. The control group was randomly selected from a cohort of patients between April 1997 and December 2005 who have survived without disease recurrence after CLM resection for over 5 years. Both groups were matched for size of metastasis greater than 5.0 cm, the presence of multiple metastases, and synchronous versus metachronous CLM. The final study population consisted of 60 patients with CLM undergoing R0 hepatectomy, 30 of whom had early intrahepatic‐only recurrences (study group) and 30 patients without recurrence for more than 5 years (control group). Both groups were analyzed and compared for the presence of clinical factors and expression levels of CD133, survivin, and Bcl‐2 within tumor tissue.ResultsCharacteristics of patients were similar between the two groups except primary tumor location and administration of postoperative chemotherapy. Expression level of CD133 and survivin were significantly increased in tumors of patients with recurrence compared to patients without recurrence. On multivariate analysis high tumor expression levels of CD133 (odds ratio [OR] 14.7, confidence interval [CI] 1.8–121.3, p = 0.012) and survivin (OR 9.5, CI 2.1–44.3, p = 0.004) and postoperative chemotherapy (OR 4.8, CI 1.01–22.9, p = 0.049) were independent factors associated with early intrahepatic recurrence.ConclusionsTumor expression levels of CD133 and survivin may be a useful predictor of early intrahepatic recurrence after hepatectomy for CLM. Administration of postoperative chemotherapy may prevent early intrahepatic recurrence.
Relationships Between SMAD3 Expression and Preoperative Fluoropyrimidine‐Based Chemoradiotherapy Response in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Patients
Authors: Huang Ming‐Yii , Lin Chih‐Hung , Huang Chun‐Ming , Tsai Hsiang‐Lin , Huang Ching‐Wen , Yeh Yung‐Sung , Chai Chee‐Yin , Wang Jaw‐Yuan 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackground
SMAD3, which is accumulated in the nucleus, transcriptionally regulates TGF‐β target genes, playing a significant role in mediating the activities of TGF‐β. In this study, we assessed the roles of TGF‐β1, SMAD3, and phosphorylated SMAD3 expressions in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer following preoperative fluoropyrimidine‐based chemoradiotherapy.MethodsUsing immunohistochemistry, we examined TGF‐β1, SMAD3, and phosphorylated SMAD3 expressions in pre‐chemoradiotherapy cancer tissues from 86 locally advanced rectal cancer patients. After chemoradiotherapy, 64 of 86 (74.4 %) locally advanced rectal cancer patients were classified as responders (pathological tumor regression grades of 2–4).ResultsA multivariate analysis showed that phosphorylated SMAD3 overexpression correlated to poor preoperative chemoradiotherapy responses (P = 0.015; OR 7.218; 95 % CI 1.479–35.229). Furthermore, a poor response (pathological tumor regression grades of 0–1) was an independent predictor of postoperative relapse (P = 0.021; OR 5.452; 95 % CI 1.286–23.113). Additionally, patients with phosphorylated SMAD3 overexpression were found to have a worse disease‐free survival (P = 0.023).ConclusionsOur data suggested that analyzing pre‐chemoradiotherapy tumors for phosphorylated SMAD3 overexpression would assist physicians in identifying locally advanced rectal cancer patients who may have a poor response risk to preoperative fluoropyrimidine‐based chemoradiotherapy.
Penetrating Cervical Trauma
Authors: Feliciano David V. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPatients with penetrating wounds to the neck present with overt symptoms and/or signs or are asymptomatic or modestly/moderately symptomatic. With overt symptoms and/or signs, immediate resuscitation and an emergency operation are appropriate. Asymptomatic patients or those with modest or moderate symptoms and/or signs undergo observation or a diagnostic evaluation to avoid the 45 % “negative” exploration rate documented in the past (denominator = all patients). Asymptomatic patients with penetration of the platysma muscle, but no signs of a visceral or vascular injury, should undergo serial physical examinations every 6–8 for 24–36 h before discharge. Noncontrast CT does not add to the accuracy of serial physical examinations. In stable patients with a variety of modest/moderate symptoms or signs possibly related to an injury to the carotid artery, CT‐arteriography has become the diagnostic modality of choice. Patients with possible injuries to the cervical esophagus are often still evaluated with a Gastrografin swallow and, if needed, a “thin” barium swallow prior to fiberoptic esophagoscopy. CT‐esophagograms are likely to replace these time‐honored studies in the near future. Over 85 % of patients with injuries to the trachea present with overt symptoms or signs, while the remainder have historically been evaluated with laryngoscopy and fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Again, cervical multislice CT is likely to replace these studies. Operative repair of the carotid artery with 6–0 polypropylene sutures requires heparinization and shunting on rare occasions. Both the trachea and esophagus are repaired with 3–0 absorbable sutures, and tracheostomy and esophageal diversion are used in only large and/or complex injuries. Sternal head or sternocleiodomastoid interposition flaps are used when combined visceral and vascular injuries are present.
Risk Factors for Incisional and Organ Space Surgical Site Infections After Liver Resection are Different
Authors: Kokudo Takashi , Uldry Emilie , Demartines Nicolas , Halkic Nermin 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundSurgical site infection (SSI) is a common cause of major morbidity after liver resection. This study aimed to identify the risk factors for incisional and organ/space SSIs after liver resection.MethodsOur liver surgery database was retrospectively analyzed for patients treated between January 2009 and November 2012 in a tertiary care Swiss hospital. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted on preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative variables to identify risk factors for incisional and organ/space SSIs.ResultsIn a total of 226 patients, SSI incidences were 12.8 % (incisional), 4.0 % (organ/space), and 1.8 % (both). Univariate analysis showed that incisional SSIs were associated with high American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) scores, preoperative anemia, hypoalbuminemia, low prothrombin time, viral or alcoholic chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and prolonged operation times. Organ/space SSIs were associated with high rates of red blood cell transfusions, concomitant bowel surgery, and prolonged operation times. Multivariate analysis revealed that risk factors for incisional SSIs were anemia [odds ratio (OR) 2.82], high ASA scores (OR 2.88), presence of hepatitis or cirrhosis (OR 5.07), and prolonged operation times (OR 9.61). The only risk factor for organ/space SSIs was concomitant bowel surgery (OR 5.53). Hospital stays were similar in organ/space and incisional SSI groups, but significantly longer for those with both organ/space and incisional SSIs.ConclusionsHigh ASA scores, anemia, chronic hepatitis or liver cirrhosis, and prolonged operations increased the risk of incisional SSIs; concomitant bowel surgery increased the risk of organ/space SSI. Specific precautions to prevent organ/space and incisional SSIs may shorten hospital stays.
Clinicopathological Significance of Mucin Production in Patients with Papillary Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Onoe Shunsuke , Shimoyama Yoshie , Ebata Tomoki , Yokoyama Yukihiro , Igami Tsuyoshi , Sugawara Gen , Mizuno Takashi , Nakamura Shigeo , Nagino Masato 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe clinicopathologic significance of mucin production in patients with papillary cholangiocarcinoma (PCC) is still controversial. We aimed at clarifying the similarities and differences between PCC cases with and without mucin secretion with regard to biological behavior and clinical course.MethodsAmong 644 patients with surgically resected cholangiocarcinoma (1998–2011), 184 (28 %) patients were considered to have PCC and were enrolled in the study. Those patients were divided into two groups based on whether their PCC was mucin‐producing (PCC‐M, n = 89) or not (PCC‐NM, n = 95). The presence of mucin secretion was determined by the cut surface of the specimens and by pathologic examination.ResultsThe clinicopathological features of PCC‐M and PCC‐NM largely overlapped. No significant between‐group differences in malignant potential characteristics, including the depth of invasion, pathological T classification, and regional/periaortic lymph node metastasis, were observed (P = 0.193, 0.181, 0.083, and 0.674, respectively). However, a few clinicopathological differences existed between the two PCC types, i.e., the predominant histological type and epithelial subtype (P < 0.001 and P = 0.016, respectively). Immunohistochemically, MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC6, and HGM were more frequently expressed in PCC‐M than PCC‐NM (P < 0.002 in all). The disease‐specific survival values were not significantly different between the two PCC types (PCC‐M; 60 % at 5 year, PCC‐NM; 46 %, P = 0.097).ConclusionPCC‐M and PCC‐NM were similar in morphology and prognosis. Although a few clinicopathological differences exist between them, their overlapping features and identical survival curves appear to justify the lack of a specific treatment modality for either type.
Laparoscopic Liver Resection in Obese Patients
Authors: Toriguchi Kan , Hatano Etsuro , Sakurai Takaki , Seo Satoru , Taura Kojiro , Uemoto Shinji 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundObesity has been associated with worse postoperative outcomes than those for normal weight. Data on the short‐term results of laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) in patients with obesity are scarce. Furthermore, the long‐term outcomes of LLR versus open liver resection (OLR) have not been adequately assessed. The aims of this study were to analyze the outcomes of obese patients undergoing LLR and to compare these
to the outcomes of obese patients undergoing OLR.MethodsData regarding the short‐term results from 13 obese patients who underwent laparoscopic non‐anatomical liver resection were retrospectively compared with the data from 69 obese patients who underwent open non‐anatomical liver resection between 2002 and 2012. The long‐term results of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were also compared.ResultsA total of 82 patients who underwent non‐anatomical liver resection in our institution were included. There were no differences between the two groups in terms of preoperative patient characteristics. The intraoperative blood loss in the laparoscopic group was significantly less than that in the open group. There were no significant differences in the postoperative complications or postoperative mortality. The postoperative hospital stay of the laparoscopic group was significantly shorter than that of the open group.ConclusionsLLR in obese patients results in decreased intraoperative blood loss and shorter postoperative hospital stays compared with OLR. When performed in selected patients, LLR may be a safe and feasible option for obese patients.
Liver Function Following Extended Hepatectomy Can Be Accurately Predicted Using Remnant Liver Volume to Body Weight Ratio
Authors: Truant Stéphanie , Boleslawski Emmanuel , Sergent Géraldine , Leteurtre Emmanuelle , Duhamel Alain , Hebbar Mohamed , Pruvot François‐René 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackground
Standardised measurement of remnant liver volume (RLV), where total liver volume (TLV) is calculated from patients’ body surface area (RLV‐sTLV), has been advocated. Extrapolating the model of living donor liver transplantation, we showed in a pilot study that the simplified RLV/body weight ratio (RLVBWR) was accurate in assessing the functional limit of hepatectomy. The aim of the study was to compare in a prospective series of extended right hepatectomy the predictive value of the RLVBWR and the RLV‐sTLV at a cut‐off of 0.5% (RLVBWR0.5%) and 20% (RLV‐sTLV20%), respectively.MethodsWe studied the impact of RLVBWR0.5% and of RLV‐sTLV20% on three months morbidity and mortality in 74 non‐cirrhotic patients operated on for malignant tumours. Of these, 47 patients who were not included in the initial pilot study were enrolled in a prospective validation cohort to reappraise the predictive value of each method.ResultsRLVBWR and RLV‐sTLV were highly correlated (Pearson correlation coefficient, 0.966). Three months overall and severe morbidity (grade 3b–5) and mortality were significantly increased in groups RLVBWR ≤ 0.5% and RLV‐sTLVs ≤ 20% compared to groups >0.5% and >20%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity in predicting death from liver failure were 100 and 84.1% for RLVBWR0.5% and 60 and 94.2% for RLV‐sTLV20%, respectively. Similar results were observed in the validation cohort for the RLVBWR0.5% (lack of statistical power for RLV‐sTLV as only 2 patients showed a RLV‐sTLV ≤ 20%).ConclusionsThe RLVBWR0.5% is a method of assessing the remnant liver that is simple and as reliable as the standardised RLV‐sTLV20%.
The “Hierarchical” Scratch Collapse Test for Identifying Multilevel Ulnar Nerve Compression
Authors: Davidge Kristen M. , Gontre Gil , Tang David , Boyd Kirsty U. , Yee Andrew , Damiano Marci S. , Mackinnon Susan E. 
Published: January 2015

Background The Scratch Collapse Test (SCT) is used to assist in the clinical evaluation of patients with ulnar nerve compression. The purpose of this study is to introduce the hierarchical SCT as a physical examination tool for identifying multilevel nerve compression in patients with cubital tunnel syndrome. Methods A prospective cohort study (2010–2011) was conducted of patients referred with primary cubital tunnel syndrome. Five ulnar nerve compression sites were evaluated with the SCT. Each site generating a positive SCT was sequentially “frozen out” with a topical anesthetic to allow determination of both primary and secondary ulnar nerve entrapment points. The order or “hierarchy” of compression sites was recorded. Results Twenty-five patients (mean age 49.6±12.3 years; 64 % female) were eligible for inclusion. The primary entrapment point was identified as Osborne's band in 80 % and the cubital tunnel retinaculum in 20 % of patients. Secondary entrapment points were also identified in the following order in all patients: (1) volar antebrachial fascia, (2) Guyon's canal, and (3) arcade of Struthers. Conclusion The SCT is useful in localizing the site of primary compression of the ulnar nerve in patients with cubital tunnel syndrome. It is also sensitive enough to detect secondary compression points when primary sites are sequentially frozen out with a topical anesthetic, termed the hierarchical SCT. The findings of the hierarchical SCTare in keeping with the double crush hypothesis described by Upton and McComas in 1973 and the hypothesis of multilevel nerve compression proposed by Mackinnon and Novak in 1994.
Leading indicators of systemic banking crises: Finland in a panel of EU countries
Authors: Lainà Patrizio , Nyholm Juho , Sarlin Peter 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis paper investigates leading indicators of systemic banking crises in a panel of 11 EU countries, with a particular focus on Finland. We use quarterly data from 1980Q1 to 2013Q2, in order to create a large number of macro‐financial indicators, as well as their various transformations. We make use of univariate signal extraction and multivariate logit analysis to assess what factors lead the occurrence of a crisis and with what horizon the indicators lead a crisis. We find that loans‐to‐deposits and house price growth are the best leading indicators. Growth rates and trend deviations of loan stock variables also yield useful signals of impending crises. While the optimal lead horizon is three years, indicators generally perform well with lead times ranging from one to four years. We also tap into unique long time‐series of the Finnish economy to perform historical explorations into macro‐financial vulnerabilities.