bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catalase‐Peroxidase:KatG
Authors: Fita Ignacio , Loewen Peter C , Carpena Xavi 
Published: March 2015

AbstractEven in the absence of thecatalase fold, an efficient catalase activity is also found in the heme‐containing catalase‐peroxidase proteins. The structure of these broad substrate range enzymes, reported for the first time less than 10 years ago from the halophilic archaebacteriumHaloarcula marismortui(HmKatG) and from the bacteriumBurkholderia pseudomallei(BpKatG), and more recently, from the eukaryotic fungusMagnaporthe grisea(MgKatG), showed a heme pocket closely related to that of plant peroxidases, although with a number of unique modifications that enable the catalase reaction.
CD4 cell response to interval therapy with natalizumab
Authors: Berkovich Regina , Togasaki Daniel M. , Cen Steven Y. , Steinman Lawrence 
Published: March 2015

AbstractNatalizumab treatment alters peripheral CD4 cells counts in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, providing a way to monitor the pharmacodynamic effects of the drug. The study was undertaken to assess whether CD4 cell counts correlate with different phases of natalizumab treatment of relapsing MS patients, including during a 12‐week planned treatment interruption, and whether that might provide insights on lymphocyte trafficking. Clinical outcomes, MRI data, and CD4 cell counts were assessed at baseline prior to initiating natalizumab, while on regular dosing, at the end of the 12‐week extended dosing interval, and at the time of reinitiation of natalizumab. The 12‐week interruption was well tolerated and not associated with return of MS activity, disability progression, or new or worsened MRI data. Observed significant shifts in CD4 counts – dramatically increasing from the baseline while on treatment and decreasing back to the baseline level off treatment, then rising in a similar manner on natalizumab reinitiation, suggest that these measurements may aid in monitoring modulation of lymphocyte trafficking and cell redistribution.
Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs–exacerbated respiratory disease in adolescents
Authors: Ertoy Karagol Hacer Ilbilge , Yilmaz Ozlem , Topal Erdem , Ceylan Alper , Bakirtas Arzu 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundThere has been no study investigating nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)‐exacerbated respiratory disease (NERD) exclusively in childhood. Therefore, in the current study, the authors aimed to evaluate the diagnostic features, clinical characteristics, and follow‐up of adolescents diagnosed with NERD.MethodsThe patients who were consecutively diagnosed with NERD between January 2011, and November 2013, included in the study. Oral provocation test (OPT) with at least 2 different NSAIDs was used to confirm NSAID hypersensitivity in patients with underlying asthma/chronic rhinosinusitis/nasal polyps. All patients were followed regularly in 3‐month intervals by the Pediatric Allergy and Otorhinolaryngology Department for asthma, allergic rhinitis, or chronic rhinosinusitis with or without nasal polyps.ResultsA total of 10 adolescents with NERD were included in the study. The mean age of the patients at the time of diagnosis was 14.9 ± 1.5 years. Hives or angioedema accompanied respiratory complaints induced by NSAIDs. The mean duration of follow‐up was 28.9 ± 12.4 months. All patients had asthma except 1 with asymptomatic bronchial hyperreactivity. Asthma of patients was well‐controlled with moderate dose of inhaled corticosteroids. Chronic rhinosinusitis with or without nasal polyps developed in 2 patients. Aspirin desensitization was required in these 2 patients with recurrent nasal polyps.ConclusionNERD in childhood has much more favorable clinical characteristics and course than in adulthood. Few adolescents with NERD refer with typical chronic upper respiratory tract complaints. The asthma component seems to be mild and is well controlled in the short‐term follow‐up.
Influence of upper airway abnormalities on the control of severe asthma: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Soares Nascimento‐Sampaio Francisco , dos Santos Leite Mylene , Leopold Donald Arthur , Guedes Oliva da Silva Suzam , Schwingel Paulo Adriano , Cardeal Mendes Carlos Maurício , Souza‐Machado Adelmir , de Albuquerque Campos Régis 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundA better understanding of severe uncontrolled asthma (UA) in the upper airways is needed. The aims of this study were to assess the prevalence of upper airway abnormalities and their associations with UA.MethodsAn observational study enrolled individuals with severe asthma. Sociodemographic and clinical questionnaires regarding asthma, rhinosinusitis, and laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) were administered. Skin‐prick tests and fiber optic nasolaryngoscopies were also performed. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed, using a multiple Poisson regression model to obtain adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) and to identify the clinical profiles associated with the highest and lowest percentages of the dependent variable, lack of asthma control.ResultsThe sample consisted of 64 participants who were divided into 2 groups according to asthma control. Thus, group I comprised 27 individuals with severe controlled asthma (CA), and group II consisted of 37 individuals with UA. Women represented 87.5% of the study population. The median age was 54 years, and 86% of the sample had rhinosinusitis. Relevant associations were detected between UA and hyposmia (PR = 2.04), hypersensitivity to nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (PR = 1.45), arytenoids hyperemia (PR = 1.45), LPR (PR = 1.37), a positive family history of asthma (PR = 1.35), onset of asthma at age 10 years or older (PR = 0.59), and swelling of the vocal cords (PR = 0.54).ConclusionThis study found a very high prevalence of rhinosinusitis in patients with severe asthma as well as associations between UA and hyposmia, hypersensitivity to NSAIDs, arytenoids hyperemia, and LPR. Clinical profiles prone to UA were identified.
Interleukin‐17A–induced inflammation does not influence the development of nasal polyps in murine model
Authors: Hong Sung‐Lyong , Zhang Yu‐Lian , Kim Sang‐Wook , Kim Dae Woo , Cho Sang‐Heon , Chang Yoon‐Seok , Lee Chul Hee , Rhee Chae‐Seo 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundNasal polyposis associated with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a chronic inflammatory disease that is characterized by infiltration of many inflammatory cells. Meanwhile, interleukin (IL)‐17A is a well‐known proinflammatory cytokine that induces both eosinophilic and neutrophilic inflammation. We investigated the role of IL‐17A in the development of nasal polyps in the CRS murine model.MethodsEosinophilic CRS with nasal polyps was induced by using ovalbumin (OVA) and Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B (SEB) in wild‐type BALB/c and IL‐17A knockout (KO) mice. Histopathologic changes of the sinonasal cavity were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin, Periodic acid‐Schiff, Sirius red, Masson's trichrome, and immunohistochemistry. The levels of total and OVA‐specific immunoglobulin Es (IgEs) in sera were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The expression levels of IL‐4, IL‐5, and interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) in the nasal mucosa were assessed by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction.ResultsUnder the IL‐17A deficiency, total and OVA‐specific IgEs in sera were reduced significantly. Infiltration of both eosinophils and neutrophils into the nasal mucosa, subepithelial fibrosis, and goblet cell count also decreased significantly in IL‐17A KO mice treated with both OVA and SEB compared with those in the wild‐type counterpart. However, there were no significant differences in the number of polypoid lesions among groups. Meanwhile, IL‐4 increased and IFN‐γ decreased in the nasal mucosa in IL‐17A KO mice treated with both OVA and SEB.ConclusionThis study suggests that even though IL‐17A plays an important role in both nasal inflammation and remodeling, it does not influence the development of nasal polypoid lesions.
Prediction model for 3‐year rupture risk of unruptured cerebral aneurysms in Japanese patients
Authors: Tominari Shinjiro , Morita Akio , Ishibashi Toshihiro , Yamazaki Tomosato , Takao Hiroyuki , Murayama Yuichi , Sonobe Makoto , Yonekura Masahiro , Saito Nobuhito , Shiokawa Yoshiaki , Date Isao , Tominaga Teiji , Nozaki Kazuhiko , Houkin Kiyohiro , Miyamoto Susumu , Kirino Takaaki , Hashi Kazuo , Nakayama Takeo ,   for the Unruptured Cerebral Aneurysm Study Japan Investigators
Published: March 2015

ObjectiveTo build a prediction model that estimates the 3‐year rupture risk of unruptured saccular cerebral aneurysms.MethodsSurvival analysis was done using each aneurysm as the unit for analysis. Derivation data were from the Unruptured Cerebral Aneurysm Study (UCAS) in Japan. It consists of patients with unruptured cerebral aneurysms enrolled between 2000 and 2004 at neurosurgical departments at tertiary care hospitals in Japan. The model was presented as a scoring system, and aneurysms were classified into 4 risk grades by predicted 3‐year rupture risk: I, < 1%; II, 1 to 3%; III, 3 to 9%, and IV, >9%. The discrimination property and calibration plot of the model were evaluated with external validation data. They were a combination of 3 Japanese cohort studies: UCAS II, the Small Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysm Verification study, and the study at Jikei University School of Medicine.ResultsThe derivation data include 6,606 unruptured cerebral aneurysms in 5,651 patients. During the 11,482 aneurysm‐year follow‐up period, 107 ruptures were observed. The predictors chosen for the scoring system were patient age, sex, and hypertension, along with aneurysm size, location, and the presence of a daughter sac. The 3‐year risk of rupture ranged from <1% to >15% depending on the individual characteristics of patients and aneurysms. External validation indicated good discrimination and calibration properties.InterpretationA simple scoring system that only needs easily available patient and aneurysmal information was constructed. This can be used in clinical decision making regarding management of unruptured cerebral aneurysms. Ann Neurol 2015;77:1050–1059
Positron annihilation and other experimental studies on polycarbonate/MPDMAPP nanocomposite
Authors: Thimmaiah Sheela , Bhajantri Rajashekhar Fakeerappa , Nambissan Padinharu Madathil Gopalakrishnan , Vasachar Ravindrachary , Rathod Sunil Gurunath , Poojary Boja 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTThe composite films of polycarbonate (PC) filled with 1‐(4‐methylphenyl)‐3‐(4‐N,N‐dimethylaminophenyl)‐2‐propen‐1‐one (MPDMAPP) were prepared by solution casting. The FT‐IR results of the prepared films confirmed the hydrophobic and dipole‐dipole interaction between PC and MPDMAPP, which is a major driving force for the formation of charge transfer complex (CTC). UV–Vis absorption spectra showed three peaks and the optical band gap Eg for pure PC is 4.31 eV which decreased to 4.1 eV after 15 wt % doping. The fluorescence spectral results show a strong emission and quenching in the wavelength region 510 to 550 nm for 408 nm excitation due to increase in amorphousness, which is observed in X‐ray diffraction (XRD) results. The decrease in ortho‐positronium (o‐Ps) lifetime τ3 and corresponding intensity I3 from positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) and the S‐parameter from Doppler broadening measurements show both inhibition and quenching of Ps formation in the PC/MPDMAPP composite due to the presence of dimethylamino N(CH3)2 group. The mechanical properties such as Young's modulus, tensile strength, and stiffness increase with doping concentration and confirmed that the composite films are mechanically stable. The growth of nanostructures of MPDMAPP within PC films is studied with SEM and TEM images and confirms the uniform dispersion and interaction between the functional groups of PC and MPDMAPP. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42053.
Modification of daunorubicin‐GnRH‐III bioconjugates with oligoethylene glycol derivatives to improve solubility and bioavailability for targeted cancer chemotherapy
Authors: Hegedüs Rózsa , Pauschert Aline , Orbán Erika , Szabó Ildikó , Andreu David , Marquardt Andreas , Mező Gábor , Manea Marilena 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTDaunorubicin‐GnRH‐III bioconjugates have recently been developed as drug delivery systems with potential applications in targeted cancer chemotherapy. In order to improve their biochemical properties, several strategies have been pursued: (1) incorporation of an enzymatic cleavable spacer between the anticancer drug and the peptide‐based targeting moiety, (2) peptide modification by short chain fatty acids, or (3) attachment of two anticancer drugs to the same GnRH‐III derivative. Although these modifications led to more potent bioconjugates, a decrease in their solubility was observed. Here we report on the design, synthesis and biochemical characterization of daunorubicin‐GnRH‐III bioconjugates with increased solubility, which could be achieved by incorporating oligoethylene glycol‐based spacers in their structure. First, we have evaluated the effect of an oligoethylene glycol‐based spacer on the solubility, enzymatic stability/degradation, cellular uptake, and in vitro cytostatic effect of a bioconjugate containing only one daunorubicin attached through a GFLG tetrapeptide spacer to the GnRH‐III targeting moiety. Thereafter, more complex compounds containing two copies of daunorubicin, GFLG spacers as well as Lys(nBu) in position 4 of GnRH‐III were synthesized and biochemically characterized. Our results indicated that all synthesized oligoethylene glycol‐containing bioconjugates had higher solubility in cell culture medium than the unmodified analogs. They were degraded in the presence of rat liver lysosomal homogenate leading to the formation of small drug containing metabolites. In the case of bioconjugates containing two copies of daunorubicin, the incorporation of oligoethylene glycol‐based spacers led to increased in vitro cytostatic effect on MCF‐7 human breast cancer cells. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 104: 167–177, 2015.
Mental illness and parenthood: being a parent in secure psychiatric care
Authors: Parrott Fiona R. , Macinnes Douglas l. , Parrott Janet 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundResearch into parenting and mental illness seldom includes forensic mental health service users, despite its relevance to therapeutic, family work and risk management.AimsThis study aimed to understand the experiences of parents and the variety of parenting roles maintained during admission to a secure forensic hospital.MethodsNarrative interviews with 18 parents (eight mothers and 10 fathers) at an English medium security hospital were analysed thematically, using the framework approach. The proportion of patients who are parents and their contact patterns with their children were estimated from records.ResultsAbout a quarter of men and 38% of women were parents. Parenthood was of central importance to their emotional life, spanning experiences of loss, shame and failed expectations, joy, responsibility and hope. Fewer fathers maintained contact with their children than mothers yet fatherhood remained a vital aspect of men's identities, with impact on their self‐esteem. Parenting during lengthy admissions – while constrained and dependent on professional support and surveillance – ranged from sending gifts and money to visits and phone calls. Offending was seen as a particularly shameful aspect of admission, contributing to distancing from the children and difficulty explaining detention to them.ConclusionsSuch complex experiences call for multidisciplinary knowledge and skills. Provision of focused therapy, as well as appropriate visiting spaces, creative approaches to contact time and support for patients in explaining their mental illness and detention to their children are recommended. © 2015 The Authors. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Application of a Semi‐Mechanistic Model for Cracking Unit Balance
Authors: Karaba Adam , Zamostny Petr , Belohlav Zdenek , Lederer Jaromir , Herink Tomas 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA kinetic model of steam‐cracking in industrial‐scale steam crackers was developed by a combination of mechanistic and empirical approach. Kinetic parameters of the model were optimized using the data of process experiments, carried out in full‐scale industrial crackers, the product yields being determined by hot‐gas sampling for the usual types of feedstock, including ethane, liquefied petroleum gas, gasoline, atmospheric gas oil, and hydrocracked vacuum distillate. Experimental and simulated results were compared for a wide range of feedstock and reaction conditions. Data on cracker control parameters and feedstock composition were collected by monitoring the whole production unit consisting of ten crackers and simulation results of total production compared to those of process balance.
Flashpoint Prediction for Binary Mixtures of Alcohols with Water in Order to Improve their Safety
Authors: Skřínský Jan , Dolníček Petr , Skřínská Maria , Marek Jan , Lukešová Petra 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAqueous solutions of alcohols are of considerable interest for a wide range of scientists and technologists. Simple dimensionless experimental formulae based on rational reciprocal and polynomial functions are proposed for correlation of the flashpoint data of binary mixtures of two components. The formulae are based on data obtained from flashpoint experiments and predictions. The main results are the derived flashpoint approximated values and the model verification by comparing the predicted values with the experimental data for the studied mixtures. Potential application for the model concerns the assessment of fire and explosion hazards, and the development of inherently safer designs for chemical processes containing binary partially miscible mixtures of an aqueous‐organic system.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Platinum–Ceria/Graphene Nanosheet as Advanced Electrocatalysts for Alcohol Oxidation
Authors: Zhang Ling , Shen Yi 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA three‐component platinum–ceria/graphene nanosheet hybrid (Pt–CeO2−x/GNS) was prepared through a facile one‐pot synthesis method and examined as an electrocatalysts for alcohol (methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, and glycerol) oxidation. The structures of the catalysts were characterized by using transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was found that ultrafine Pt particles were intimately deposited at the interface of the CeO2−x and GNS support, resulting in the formation of abundant Pt–CeO2−x/GNS triple junctions in the hybrid. XPS results indicated a strong metal–support interaction in the catalyst. It was demonstrated that Pt–CeO2−x/GNS showed superior catalytic performance in comparison with the Pt/GNS catalyst. The superior catalytic performance of the Pt–CeO2−x/GNS catalyst was attributed to the presence of Pt–CeO2−x/GNS triple junctions, which facilitated the synergistic effects of the constituents.
Non‐enzymatic Ribonucleotide Reduction in the Prebiotic Context
Authors: Dragičević Ivan , Barić Danijela , Kovačević Borislav , Golding Bernard T. , Smith David M. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractModel studies of prebiotic chemistry have revealed compelling routes for the formation of the building blocks of proteins and RNA, but not DNA. Today, deoxynucleotides required for the construction of DNA are produced by reduction of nucleotides catalysed by ribonucleotide reductases, which are radical enzymes. This study considers potential non‐enzymatic routes via intermediate radicals for the ancient formation of deoxynucleotides. In this context, several mechanisms for ribonucleotide reduction, in a putative H2S/HS. environment, are characterized using computational chemistry. A bio‐inspired mechanistic cycle involving a keto intermediate and HSSH production is found to be potentially viable. An alternative pathway, proceeding through an enol intermediate is found to exhibit similar energetic requirements. Non‐cyclical pathways, in which HSS. is generated in the final step instead of HS., show a markedly increased thermodynamic driving force (ca. 70 kJ mol−1) and thus warrant serious consideration in the context of the prebiotic ribonucleotide reduction.
Single‐Atom Gold Catalysis in the Context of Developments in Parahydrogen‐Induced Polarization
Authors: Corma Avelino , Salnikov Oleg G. , Barskiy Danila A. , Kovtunov Kirill V. , Koptyug Igor V. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA highly isolated monoatomic gold catalyst, with single gold atoms dispersed on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), has been synthesized, characterized, and tested in heterogeneous hydrogenation of 1,3‐butadiene and 1‐butyne with parahydrogen to maximize the polarization level and the contribution of the pairwise hydrogen addition route. The Au/MWCNTs catalyst was found to be active and efficient in pairwise hydrogen addition and the estimated contributions from the pairwise hydrogen addition route are at least an order of magnitude higher than those for supported metal nanoparticle catalysts. Therefore, the use of the highly isolated monoatomic catalysts is very promising for production of hyperpolarized fluids that can be used for the significant enhancement of NMR signals. A mechanism of 1,3‐butadiene hydrogenation with parahydrogen over the highly isolated monoatomic Au/MWCNTs catalyst is also proposed.
Pd‐Catalyzed Difluoromethylation of Vinyl Bromides, Triflates, Tosylates, and Nonaflates
Authors: Chang Dalu , Gu Yang , Shen Qilong 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPd‐catalyzed difluoromethylation of di‐, tri‐ or tetra‐substituted vinyl bromides, triflates, tosylates and nonaflates under mild conditions is described. The reaction tolerates a wide range of functional groups, such as bromide, chloride, fluoride, ester, amine, nitrile, and protected carbonyl, thus providing a general route for the preparation of difluoromethylated alkenes.
Die Modellierung von Stofftransportprozessen in Mehrphasenströmungen – am Beispiel des Strahlzonen‐Schlaufenreaktors
Authors: Heithoff Susanne , Kück Ulf Daniel , Mießner Ulrich , Schlüter Michael 
Published: March 2015

AbstractUmsatz und Selektivität chemischer Reaktionen werden durch die Vermischungscharakteristik im Reaktionsraum bestimmt. In vielen Modellen wird diese vereinfacht integral gemittelt betrachtet. Durch die Vernachlässigung der vorherrschenden örtlichen Transportphänomene ist die Auslegung von Anlagen insbesondere bei stofftransportlimitierten Reaktionen nicht optimal. In Mehrphasensystemen müssen im Wesentlichen zwei Transportprozesse Beachtung finden: Diffusion durch die sich zwischen Gas‐ und Flüssigphase einstellende Konzentrationsgrenzschicht und innerhalb der Batchelorschicht. Im Beitrag werden die auf den Stofftransport wirkenden Mechanismen dargestellt. Erste Untersuchungsergebnisse von lokalen Stofftransportprozessen im mit Zweiphasenströmung betriebenen Strahlzonen‐Schlaufenreaktor werden diskutiert.