bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production and scientific collaboration in police training (1987-2011)
Authors: Aguilar-Moya Remedios , Melero-Fuentes David , Aleixandre-Benavent Rafael , Valderrama-Zurián Juan-Carlos 
Published: November 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to identify and analyze the production and global scientific collaboration of research in police training from 1987 until 2011.

Design/methodology/approach
– Selecting databases, design of search strategy, download of bibliographic records, treatment of the bibliographic information, bibliometric analysis, identification of research groups and collaborative networks of institutions and countries has been the used methodology.

Findings
– Of all 1,928 papers reviewed by experts, 155 articles were related directly with police training with an average of 2.59 signatures per work, with 66.45 percent of articles signed in coauthorship. It is noted that in recent years there has been an increase in signatures and works. Articles published are distributed in journals of heterogeneous character associated to police training such as criminology, psychology, psychiatry, health or education. A significant amount of research is captained from a university scope, sometimes in collaboration with police institutions. Collaboration between members of the same institution and between institutions in the same country are predominant.

Originality/value
– To characterize the scientific production of the journals, authors, institutions and countries in the area of police training, as well as to identify the collaboration networks of authors, institutions and countries within the area.
Prevention: wrestling with new economic realities
Authors: Knapp Martin 
Published: November 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to discuss the economic pressures on long-term care systems, and describe how an economic case might be made for better care, support and preventive strategies.

Design/methodology/approach
– Discussion of recent developments and research responses, with illustrations from previous studies.

Findings
– Economics evidence is highly relevant to decision makers in health, social care, and related systems. When resources are especially tight, economics evidence can sometimes persuade uncertain commissioners and others to adopt courses of action that improve the wellbeing of individuals, families, and communities.

Originality/value
– The paper uses long-established approaches in economic evaluation to discuss preventive and other strategies in today's challenging context.
Preventing dependency, promoting independence: a researcher's perspective
Authors: Emerson Eric 
Published: November 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to discuss how research can support a renewed focus on the promotion of independence and the prevention of avoidable dependency.

Design/methodology/approach
– Narrative review and discussion.

Findings
– Generating practice-based evidence, exploiting the possibilities of existing administrative data and learning from the world of public health may offer some ways forward.

Originality/value
– Potential priorities for future research are identified.
The intrinsic dimensionality of plant traits and its relevance to community assembly
Authors: Laughlin Daniel C. 
Published: November 2013

Summary

Plants are multifaceted organisms that have evolved numerous solutions to the problem of establishing, growing and reproducing with limited resources. The intrinsic dimensionality of plant traits is the minimum number of independent axes of variation that adequately describes the functional variation among plants and is therefore a fundamental quantity in comparative plant ecology. Given the large number of functional traits that are measured on plants, the dimensionality of plant form and function is potentially vast.

A variety of linear and nonlinear methods were used to estimate the intrinsic dimensionality of three large trait data sets. The results of these analyses indicate that while the dimensionality of plant traits is generally larger than we have admitted in the past, it does not exceed six in the most comprehensive data set.

The dimensionality of plant form and function is a blessing, not a curse. The higher the intrinsic dimension of traits in an analysis, the more easily our models will be able to accurately discriminate species in trait space and therefore be able to predict species distributions and abundances. Recent analyses indicate that the ability to predict community composition increases rapidly with additional traits, but reaches a plateau after four to eight traits.

Synthesis. There appears to be a tractable upper limit to the dimensionality of plant traits. To optimize research efficiency for advancing our understanding of trait‐based community assembly, ecologists should minimize the number of traits while maximizing the number of dimensions, because including multiple correlated traits does not yield dividends and including more than eight traits leads to diminishing returns. It is recommended to measure traits from multiple organs whenever possible, especially leaf, stem, root and flowering traits, given their consistent performance in explaining community assembly across different ecosystems.
Species‐specific responses of foliar nutrients to long‐term nitrogen and phosphorus additions in a lowland tropical forest
Authors: Mayor Jordan R. , Wright S. Joseph , Turner Benjamin L. 
Published: November 2013

Summary

The concentration, stoichiometry and resorption of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in plant leaves are often used as proxies of the availability of these growth‐limiting nutrients, but the responses of these metrics to changes in nutrient availability remain largely untested for tropical forest trees.

We evaluated changes in N and P concentrations, N/P ratios and resorption for four common tree species after 13 years of factorial N and P additions in a lowland tropical forest in Panama.

Chronic P addition increased foliar P concentrations, decreased P resorption proficiency and decreased N/P ratios in three locally common eudicot tree species (Alseis blackiana, Heisteria concinna, Tetragastris panamensis). The increase in foliar P involved similar proportional increases in organic and inorganic P in two species and a disproportionately large increase in inorganic P in A. blackiana.

Nitrogen addition did not alter foliar N concentrations in any species, but did decrease N resorption proficiency in H. concinna.

A fourth species, the palm Oenocarpus mapora, demonstrated remarkably static foliar nutrient concentrations, responding only with a marginal decrease in P resorption proficiency under N plus P co‐addition.

Synthesis. Collectively, these results suggest that adjustment of N/P ratios can be expected in eudicots exposed to elevated P, but foliar N appears to already be at optimal levels in these lowland rain forest tree species. The complexity of species‐specific responses to altered nutrient availability highlights the difficulty in predicting future responses of tropical forest trees to a changing world.
Dietary Supplementation of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera, Dunal) Enhances NK Cell Function in Ovarian Tumors in the Laying Hen Model of Spontaneous Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Barua Animesh , Bradaric Michael J. , Bitterman Pincas , Abramowicz Jacques S. , Sharma Sameer , Basu Sanjib , Lopez Heather , Bahr Janice M. 
Published: November 2013

ProblemOvarian cancer (OVCA) disseminates in a distinct pattern through peritoneal metastasis and little is known about the immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment. Our goal was to determine changes in NK cell population during OVCA development and the effects of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera, Dunal) supplementation on NK cell localization in laying hens with OVCA.MethodsFrequency of NK cells in ovarian tumors at early and late stages in 3‐ to 4‐year‐old hens (exploratory study) as well as in hens supplemented with dietary Ashwagandha root powder for 90 days (prospective study) was examined.ResultsThe population of stromal NK cells but not the intratumoral NK cells increased with OVCA development and progression. Ashwagandha supplementation decreased the incidence and progression of OVCA. Both the stromal and intratumoral NK cell population increased significantly (P < 0.0001) in Ashwagandha supplementated hens.ConclusionThe results of this study suggest that the population of stromal and tumorinfiltrating NK cells is increased by dietary Ashwagandha supplementation. Thus, Ashwagandha may enhance antitumor function of NK cells. This study may be useful for a clinical study to determine the effects of dietary Ashwagandha on NK cell immune function in patients with ovarian cancer.
Hypotonic solution decreases serum sodium in infants with moderate bronchiolitis
Authors: Rodrigues Regina M , Schvartsman Benita GS , Farhat Sylvia CL , Schvartsman Cláudio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAimTo investigate the influence of hypotonic parenteral hydration on serum and urinary sodium and osmolality in infants with moderate bronchiolitis.MethodsWe studied 36 infants (mean age 3.7 ± 2.3 months), with a diagnosis of moderate bronchiolitis admitted to a paediatric emergency unit in São Paulo, Brazil. Patients received a standard parenteral hypotonic solution, according to Holliday and Segar, during the first 24 h, due to respiratory distress. The disease was monitored by a respiratory severity score (RDAI‐Respiratory Distress Assessment Instrument), respiratory rate and oxygen saturation. Serum and urinary sodium and osmolality were monitored at admission, 24 and 48 h after admission.ResultsAll respiratory parameters improved during hospitalisation. Serum sodium and osmolality dropped after 24 h (136.8 ± 2.8 and 135.8 ± 2.6 mEq/L, p = 0.031; 283.4 ± 4.1 and 281.6 ± 3.9 mOsm/kg, p = 0.004 respectively) as well as urinary osmolality (486.8 ± 243.4 mOsm/kg and 355.7 ± 205.0 mOsm/kg, p < 0.001) when compared to admission.ConclusionThis study reinforces the occurrence of hyponatraemia in bronchiolitis even in patients with moderate disease and highlights the risk of serum sodium drop caused by hypotonic parenteral hydration.
Coeliac disease is more common in children with high socio‐economic status
Authors: Whyte LA , Kotecha S , Watkins WJ , Jenkins HR 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAimThere are a number of genetic and environmental factors that are associated with an increased risk of developing coeliac disease. Our aim was to determine whether socio‐economic deprivation increases or reduces the development of the disease.MethodsA cross‐sectional study identified all children <16 years old diagnosed with coeliac disease in the same tertiary paediatric centre between January 1995 and December 2011. Data, including age at diagnosis and postcode, were collected and linked with the quintile rank of the Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation score 2008, a measure of socio‐economic status.ResultsWe included 232 patients and identified a graded association between the prevalence of coeliac disease and socio‐economic deprivation, which showed a higher rate in children living in more affluent areas. The largest difference was between the lowest deprivation level (rate/1000 = 1.16) and the highest deprivation level (rate/1000 = 0.49).ConclusionIn our population, coeliac disease was more common in children in the higher socio‐economic groupings. The reasons for this are not clear, but perhaps both the ‘hygiene hypothesis’ and the health seeking behaviours of parents with high socio‐economic status are possible factors in the more frequent diagnosis of coeliac disease in this group.
Prevalence of antiphospholipid antibodies in psychiatric patients users and non‐users of antipsychotics
Authors: Delluc Aurélien , Rousseau Aurélie , Le Galudec Mickael , Canceil Olivier , Woodhams Barry , Etienne Sylvie , Walter Michel , Mottier Dominique , Van Dreden Patrick , Lacut Karine 
Published: November 2013

SummaryPast reports have suggested that antiphospholipid (aPL) antibodies may emerge as a response to antipsychotics treatment, as a high prevalence of aPL antibodies in antipsychotics users has been observed. However, no control group of non‐medicated psychiatric patients was included in these reports. In a cross sectional study we determined the prevalence of aPL antibodies in 333 psychiatric inpatients. We compared the proportions of positive aPL antibodytests between users and non‐users of antipsychotics with adjustments for potential confounders. The proportion of antipsychotics users carrying at least one aPL antibody ranged from 10·8% to 27·0% compared with 6·8% to 27·2% in non‐users (P = 0·24, P = 0·24) depending on the method of detection of lupus anticoagulant (LA). The prevalence of LA detected by dilute Russell viper venom time or partial thromboplastin time‐LA was not different between antipsychotics users and non‐users (8·1% vs. 5·4%, P = 0·53 and 18·4% vs. 18·2%, P = 0·22), as well as the prevalence of IgM and IgG anti‐β2‐glycoprotein‐I antibodies, IgM and IgG anti‐cardiolipin antibodies(3·8% vs. 2·0%, P = 0·75, 0·0% vs. 0·0%, P = not applicable, 1·1 vs. 1·4%, P = 0·91, 2·7% vs. 3·4%, P = 0·71). In conclusion, aPL antibodies were frequently found in patients with psychiatric diseases and no significant increase in the prevalence of aPL antibodies was observed in antipsychotics users.
Pyoderma gangrenosum and Wegener granulomatosis-like syndrome induced by cocaine
Authors: Jiménez-Gallo D. , Albarrán-Planelles C. , Linares-Barrios M. , Rodríguez-Hernández C. , Martínez-Rodríguez A. , García-Moreno E. , Bravo-Monge R. 
Published: November 2013

Summary
Cocaine abuse is associated with various skin and rheumatological diseases that mimic primary autoimmune diseases, including retiform purpura with involvement of the ears, cocaine-induced midline destructive lesions (CIMDL), and eruptive pyoderma gangrenosum (PG). Previous reports have suggested the use of perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (pANCA) with specificity against human neutrophil elastase (HNE) to differentiate these cocaine-induced diseases from primary autoimmune diseases. We describe a case of a 54-year-old woman with a history of cocaine abuse, who had PG lesions on her legs with accompanying CIMDL and lung lesions similar to those seen in Wegener granulomatosis. Detection of HNE-positive pANCA, and improvement or clinical recurrence after cessation or consumption of cocaine, respectively, were key to differentiating this presentation from primary autoimmune disease.
Anti-myelin antibodies play an important role in the susceptibility to develop proteolipid protein-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Marín N , Eixarch H , Mansilla M J , Rodríguez-Martín E , Mecha M , Guaza C , Álvarez-Cermeño J C , Montalban X , Villar L M , Espejo C 
Published: November 2013

Summary
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. It is an autoimmune disorder in which activated T cells cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) to initiate an inflammatory response that leads to demyelination and axonal damage. The key mechanisms responsible for disease initiation are still unknown. We addressed this issue in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model of MS. It is widely known that EAE manifests only in certain strains when immunized with myelin proteins or peptides. We studied the differential immune responses induced in two mouse strains that are susceptible or resistant to EAE induction when they are immunized with the 139–151 peptide of proteolipid protein, an encephalitogenic peptide capable of inducing EAE in the susceptible strain. The adequate combination of major histocompatibility complex alleles and myelin peptides triggered in susceptible mice a T helper type 17 (Th17) response capable of inducing the production of high-affinity anti-myelin immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibodies. These were not detected in resistant mice, despite immunization with the encephalitogenic peptide in junction with complete Freund's adjuvant and pertussis toxin, which mediate BBB disruption. These data show the pivotal role of Th17 responses and of high-affinity anti-myelin antibodies in EAE induction and that mechanisms that prevent their appearance can contribute to resistance to EAE.
Application of a modified Neff classification to patients with uncomplicated diverticulitis
Authors: Mora Lopez L. , Serra Pla S. , Serra‐Aracil X. , Ballesteros E. , Navarro S. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAimSeverity of acute diverticulitis (AD) has traditionally been assessed using the Hinchey classification; however, this classification is predominantly a surgical one. The Neff classification provides an alternative classification based on CT findings. The aim of this study was to evaluate a modification of the Neff classification to select patients presenting with early‐stage AD to receive outpatient management.MethodAll patients with AD, presenting to a single unit, were prospectively studied. All patients underwent emergency abdominal CT and were assigned a Neff stage, including a modification (mNeff) to Neff Stage I. The Neff stages used were: Stage 0, uncomplicated diverticulitis; Diverticula, thickening of the wall, increased density of the pericolic fat; Stage I, locally complicated (our modification included substages Ia (localized pneumoperitoneum in the form of air bubbles) and Ib (local abscess); Stage II, complicated with pelvic abscess; Stage III, complicated with distant abscess; and Stage IV, complicated with other distant complications. Patients who presented with Stage 0 or Stage Ia were selectively managed as outpatients. Patients with comorbidity or the presence of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) were excluded.ResultsBetween February 2010 and January 2013, 205 patients (mean age 59 years; age range 25–90 years) presented with AD. One‐hundred and forty‐nine met the radiological criteria for potential outpatient treatment. After applying the exclusion criteria, 68 were eventually assigned to an outpatient programme. Sixty‐four (94%) successfully completed the outpatient treatment protocol; four patients were readmitted.ConclusionOur mNeff classification allowed selected patients with AD to be successfully managed in an outpatient programme.
Preoperative risk information and patient involvement in surgical treatment for rectal and sigmoid cancer
Authors: Snijders H. S. , Kunneman M. , Bonsing B. A. , de Vries A. C. , Tollenaar R. A. E. M. , Pieterse A. H. , Stiggelbout A. M. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAimSurgery for rectal and sigmoid cancer is a model setting for investigating preoperative information provision and shared decision making (SDM), as the decision consists of a trade‐off between the pros and cons of different treatment options. The aim of this study was to explore surgeons' opinion on the preoperative information that should be given to rectal and sigmoid cancer patients and to evaluate what is actually communicated. In addition, we assessed surgeons' attitudes towards SDM and compared these with patient involvement.MethodA questionnaire was sent to Dutch surgeons with an interest in gastroenterology. Preoperative consultations were recorded. A checklist was used to code the information that surgeons communicated to the patients. The OPTION‐scale was used to measure patient involvement.ResultsQuestionnaires were sent to 240 surgeons, and 103 (43%) responded. They stated that information on anastomotic leakage and its consequences, the benefits and risks of a defunctioning stoma and the impact of a stoma on quality of life were necessary preoperative information. In practice, patients were inconsistently informed of these items. Most participants agreed to using SDM in their consultations. However, in practice, most patients were offered only one treatment option and little SDM was seen. The mean OPTION‐score was low (7/100).ConclusionInsufficient information is given to patients with rectal and sigmoid cancer to guide them on their preferred surgical option. Information should be given on all treatment options, together with their complications and outcome, before any decision is made.
Practical blood flow restriction training increases muscle hypertrophy during a periodized resistance training programme
Authors: Lowery Ryan P. , Joy Jordan M. , Loenneke Jeremy P. , de Souza Eduardo O. , Machado Marco , Dudeck Joshua E. , Wilson Jacob M. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryBackgroundResistance training in combination with practical blood flow restriction (pBFR) is thought to stimulate muscle hypertrophy by increasing muscle activation and muscle swelling. Most previous studies used the KAATSU device; however, little long‐term research has been completed using pBFR.ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of pBFR on muscle hypertrophy.MethodsTwenty college‐aged male participants with a minimum of 1 year of resistance training experience were recruited for this study. Our study consisted of a randomized, crossover protocol consisting of individuals either using pBFR for the elbow flexors during the first 4 weeks (BFR‐HI) or the second 4 weeks (HI‐BFR) of an 8‐week resistance training programme. Direct ultrasound‐determined bicep muscle thickness was assessed collectively at baseline and at the end of weeks 4 and 8.ResultsThere were no differences in muscle thickness between groups at baseline (P = 0·52). There were time (P<0·01, ES = 0·99) but no condition by time effects (P = 0·58, ES = 0·80) for muscle thickness in which the combined values of both groups increased on average from week 0 (3·66 ± 0·06) to week 4 (3·95 ± 0·05) to week 8 (4·11 ± 0·07). However, both the BFR‐HI and HI‐BFR increased significantly from baseline to week 4 (6·9% and 8·6%, P<0·01) and from weeks 4 to 8 (4·1%, 4·0%, P<0·01), respectively.ConclusionThe results of this study suggest that pBFR can stimulate muscle hypertrophy to the same degree to that of high‐intensity resistance training.
Limited benefit of pentostatin salvage therapy for steroid‐refractory grade III‐IV acute graft‐versus‐host disease
Authors: Alam Naheed , Atenafu Eshetu G. , Tse Garwin , Viswabandya Auro , Gupta Vikas , Kim Dennis , Lipton Jeffrey H. , Messner Hans A. , Kuruvilla John 
Published: November 2013

AbstractCorticosteroid‐refractory (SR) acute graft‐versus‐host disease (aGVHD) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Multiple agents have been evaluated in this setting, but the benefit of pentostatin has not been described well. We report a single‐center experience of pentostatin salvage therapy for SR aGVHD. Fifteen patients received pentostatin for SR aGVHD from March 2005 till March 2010 after failure to respond to methylprednisolone ≥2 mg/kg/d for at least seven d. All patients had grade III‐IV aGVHD prior to pentostatin therapy. Thirteen (87%), 10 (67%), and six (40%) patients had gastrointestinal (GI), skin, and liver involvement of aGVHD, respectively. Pentostatin was given at a median of 33 d after steroid therapy initiation. The dose of pentostatin was 1.4 mg/m2 daily for three d, repeated every two wk. Eight (53%) patients also received additional therapies. Complete responses were noted in two patients (both in skin). However, one patient relapsed and did not respond to additional salvage treatment. Partial responses were seen in three patients. Fourteen died of GVHD‐related causes. This study suggested that pentostatin is of limited benefit in the treatment for SR grade III‐IV aGVHD.