bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A cross-species socio-emotional behaviour development revealed by a multivariate analysis
Authors: Koshiba Mamiko , Senoo Aya , Mimura Koki , Shirakawa Yuka , Karino Genta , Obara Saya , Ozawa Shinpei , Sekihara Hitomi , Fukushima Yuta , Ueda Toyotoshi , Kishino Hirohisa , Tanaka Toshihisa , Ishibashi Hidetoshi , Yamanouchi Hideo , Yui Kunio , Nakamura Shun 
Published: September 2013

AbstractRecent progress in affective neuroscience and social neurobiology has been propelled by neuro-imaging technology and epigenetic approach in neurobiology of animal behaviour. However, quantitative measurements of socio-emotional development remains lacking, though sensory-motor development has been extensively studied in terms of digitised imaging analysis. Here, we developed a method for socio-emotional behaviour measurement that is based on the video recordings under well-defined social context using animal models with variously social sensory interaction during development. The behaviour features digitized from the video recordings were visualised in a multivariate statistic space using principal component analysis. The clustering of the behaviour parameters suggested the existence of species- and stage-specific as well as cross-species behaviour modules. These modules were used to characterise the behaviour of children with or without autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). We found that socio-emotional behaviour is highly dependent on social context and the cross-species behaviour modules may predict neurobiological basis of ASDs.
Reorientation of the first signal-anchor sequence during potassium channel biogenesis at the Sec61 complex
Authors: Watson Helen R. , Wunderley Lydia , Andreou Tereza , Warwicker Jim , High Stephen 
Published: September 2013

The majority of the polytopic proteins that are synthesized at the ER (endoplasmic reticulum) are integrated co-translationally via the Sec61 translocon, which provides lateral access for their hydrophobic TMs (transmembrane regions) to the phospholipid bilayer. A prolonged association between TMs of the potassium channel subunit, TASK-1 [TWIK (tandem-pore weak inwardly rectifying potassium channel)-related acid-sensitive potassium channel 1], and the Sec61 complex suggests that the ER translocon co-ordinates the folding/assembly of the TMs present in the nascent chain. The N-terminus of both TASK-1 and Kcv (potassium channel protein of chlorella virus), another potassium channel subunit of viral origin, has access to the N-glycosylation machinery located in the ER lumen, indicating that the Sec61 complex can accommodate multiple arrangements/orientations of TMs within the nascent chain, both in vitro and in vivo. Hence the ER translocon can provide the ribosome-bound nascent chain with a dynamic environment in which it can explore a range of different conformations en route to its correct transmembrane topology and final native structure.
Total and Conceptual Vocabulary in Spanish–English Bilinguals From 22 to 30 Months: Implications for Assessment
Authors: Core Cynthia , Hoff Erika , Rumiche Rosario , Señor Melissa 
Published: September 2013

Purpose
Vocabulary assessment holds promise as a way to identify young bilingual children at risk for language delay. This study compares 2 measures of vocabulary in a group of young Spanish–English bilingual children to a single-language measure used with monolingual children.

Method
Total vocabulary and conceptual vocabulary were used to measure mean vocabulary size and growth in 47 Spanish–English bilingually developing children from 22 to 30 months of age based on results from the MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventory (CDI; Fenson et al., 1993) and the Inventario del Desarrollo de Habilidades Comunicativas (Jackson-Maldonado et al., 2003). Bilingual children's scores of total vocabulary and conceptual vocabulary were compared with CDI scores for a control group of 56 monolingual children.

Results
The total vocabulary measure resulted in mean vocabulary scores and average rate of growth similar to monolingual growth, whereas conceptual vocabulary scores were significantly smaller and grew at a slower rate than total vocabulary scores. Total vocabulary identified the same proportion of bilingual children below the 25th percentile on monolingual norms as the CDI did for monolingual children.

Conclusion
These results support the use of total vocabulary as a means of assessing early language development in young bilingual Spanish–English speaking children.
Perception of Speech Modulation Cues by 6-Month-Old Infants
Authors: Cabrera Laurianne , Bertoncini Josiane , Lorenzi Christian 
Published: September 2013

Purpose

The capacity of 6-month-old infants to discriminate a voicing contrast (/aba/–/apa/) on the basis of
amplitude modulation (AM) cues
and
frequency modulation (FM) cues
was evaluated.

Method
Several vocoded speech conditions were designed to either degrade FM cues in 4 or 32 bands or degrade AM in 32 bands. Infants were familiarized to the vocoded stimuli for a period of either 1 or 2 min. Vocoded speech discrimination was assessed using the head-turn preference procedure.

Results
Infants discriminated /aba/ from /apa/ in each condition; however, familiarization time was found to influence strongly infants' responses (i.e., their preference for novel vs. familiar stimuli).

Conclusions
Six-month-old infants do not require FM cues and can use the slowest (< 16 Hz) AM cues to discriminate voicing. Moreover, 6-month-old infants can use AM cues extracted from only 4 broad-frequency bands to discriminate voicing.
Why Words Are Hard for Adults With Developmental Language Impairments
Authors: McGregor Karla K. , Licandro Ulla , Arenas Richard , Eden Nichole , Stiles Derek , Bean Allison , Walker Elizabeth 
Published: September 2013

Purpose
To determine whether word learning problems associated with developmental language impairment (LI) reflect deficits in encoding or subsequent remembering of forms and meanings.

Method
Sixty-nine 18- to 25-year-olds with LI or without (the normal development [ND] group) took tests to measure learning of 16 word forms and meanings immediately after training (encoding) and 12 hr, 24 hr, and 1 week later (remembering). Half of the participants trained in the morning, and half trained in the evening.

Results
At immediate posttest, participants with LI performed more poorly on form and meaning than those with ND. Poor performance was more likely among those with more severe LI. The LI–ND gap for word form recall widened over 1 week. In contrast, the LI and ND groups demonstrated no difference in remembering word meanings over the week. In both groups, participants who trained in the evening, and therefore slept shortly after training, demonstrated greater gains in meaning recall than those who trained in the morning.

Conclusions
Some adults with LI have encoding deficits that limit the addition of word forms and meanings to the lexicon. Similarities and differences in patterns of remembering in the LI and ND groups motivate the hypothesis that consolidation of declarative memory is a strength for adults with LI.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14963583
Effects of Lexical Tone Contour on Mandarin Sentence Intelligibility
Authors: Chen Fei , Wong Lena L. N. , Hu Yi 
Published: September 2013

Purpose
This study examined the effects of lexical tone contour on the intelligibility of Mandarin sentences in quiet and in noise.

Method
A text-to-speech synthesis engine was used to synthesize Mandarin sentences with each word carrying the original lexical tone, flat tone, or a tone randomly selected from the 4 Mandarin lexical tones. The synthesized speech signals were presented to 11 normal-hearing listeners for recognition in quiet and in speech-shaped noise at 0 dB signal-to-noise ratio.

Results
Normal-hearing listeners nearly perfectly recognized the Mandarin sentences produced with modified tone contours in quiet; however, performance declined substantially in noise.

Conclusions
Consistent with previous findings to some extent, the present findings suggest that lexical tones are relatively redundant cues for Mandarin sentence intelligibility in quiet and that other cues could compensate for the distorted lexical tone contour. However, in noise, the results provide direct evidence that lexical tone contour is important for the recognition of Mandarin sentences.
Effects of Spaced Retrieval Training on Semantic Memory in Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Oren Shiri , Willerton Charlene , Small Jeff 
Published: September 2013

Purpose
This article reports on a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of spaced retrieval training (SRT) on semantic memory in people with Alzheimer's disease (AD) or related disorder.

Method
An initial systematic database search identified 454 potential studies. After screening and de-duplication, 35 studies that used SRT with the population of interest remained. The authors used an appraisal point system to evaluate the quality of the studies. Twelve of the 35 studies met inclusion and exclusion criteria and passed the appraisal point system cutoff. The 12 studies were classified as Level I and II evidence.

Results
Although the 12 studies varied in terms of design, methodology, and quality, SRT was shown to have important positive effects on learning semantic information across the included studies.

Conclusions
The findings indicate that SRT is an effective semantic memory training technique for people with AD, and consequently, recommendations are suggested for implementing SRT in practice settings. Continued research in this domain is also warranted to address limitations and gaps in the current body of research evidence, including variability in SRT protocols, effects of dementia severity on learning outcomes, maintenance effects, generalization, and the role of explicit and implicit learning in SRT.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6170435
Sixteen-Year Change in Acoustic-Admittance Measures Among Older Adults: Data From a Population-Based Study
Authors: Nondahl David M. , Cruickshanks Karen J. , Wiley Terry L. , Tweed Ted S. , Dalton Dayna S. 
Published: September 2013

Purpose

The primary purpose of this study was to measure the 16-year change in peak compensated static acoustic admittance (Peak Y
tm
) in a population-based cohort of older adults, and to determine whether age was associated with any observed change in Peak Y
tm
. Other tympanometric measures also were taken and analyzed.

Method

Data from two examinations (1993–1995 and 2009–2010) of the population-based Epidemiology of Hearing Loss Study (
n
= 1,439 with data at both examinations, ages 48–84 years at baseline) were utilized to assess 16-year change. Tympanometric measures were taken using a 226-Hz probe tone, a positive-to-negative direction of pressure change, and a measured pump speed of 600/200 daPa/s.

Results

During the 16-year period, Peak Y
tm
declined an average of 0.009 mmho/year (0.009/year for women, 0.007/year for men). Among women, older baseline age was associated with greater decline in Peak Y
tm
. Among men, baseline age was associated with change in Peak Y
tm
, but in a nonlinear pattern. Other tympanometric measures demonstrated little change after 16 years.

Conclusions
These results demonstrate a small degree of middle-ear stiffening after 16 years among these older adults, but not enough to affect function in a manner that would influence clinical decisions.
HIF1α is required for osteoclast activation by estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal osteoporosis
Authors: Miyauchi Yoshiteru , Sato Yuiko , Kobayashi Tami , Yoshida Shigeyuki , Mori Tomoaki , Kanagawa Hiroya , Katsuyama Eri , Fujie Atsuhiro , Hao Wu , Miyamoto Kana , Tando Toshimi , Morioka Hideo , Matsumoto Morio , Chambon Pierre , Johnson Randall S. , Kato Shigeaki , Toyama Yoshiaki , Miyamoto Takeshi 
Published: September 2013

Significance
Estrogen deficiency after menopause frequently accelerates osteoclastic bone resorption, leading to osteoporosis, the most common skeletal disorder in women. However, mechanisms underlying osteoporosis resulting from estrogen deficiency remain largely unknown. We report a unique mechanism underlying postmenopausal osteoporosis, and a therapeutic target, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1α), to treat this condition. HIF1α is unstable in the presence of oxygen, but is stabilized under hypoxic conditions. However, we found that HIF1α is destabilized by estrogen even under hypoxic conditions. Following estrogen deficiency due to menopause, HIF1α is stabilized in osteoclasts, leading to osteoclast activation. Oral administration of a HIF1α inhibitor protected postmenopausal osteoporosis model mice from osteoclast activation and bone loss. Thus, HIF1α represents a promising therapeutic target in osteoporosis.
Child health promotion— focus on parents
Authors: Hall David M.
              B. , Elliman David 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Chapter 2 gives an overview of activities involved in promoting child health, stresses the importance of a holistic approach to working with families, introduces concepts of social support, social capital, and social networks, discusses the challenges of working with families in difficult circumstances, outlines the evidence that social support is beneficial, considers the impact of various adult health issues on children—parents who have mental illness, are cared for by children, have learning, communication or physical disabilities, have HIV infection, are involved in substance abuse, and summarizes the evidence regarding the characteristics of effective programmes.
Muscle strength
Authors: Farpour-Lambert Nathalie
                J. , Blimkie Cameron
                J.R. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
This chapter focuses on laboratory-based strength assessment techniques and considerations for the paediatric population. The theoretical and practical considerations underlying strength assessment in adults and children and adolescents have been previously and thoroughly reviewed. This chapter will supplement, with emphasis on paediatric considerations, but not replicate, the material covered in these references. The topic of strength development and its correlates or determinants during childhood are beyond the scope of this chapter.
Effort perception
Authors: Lamb Kevin
                L. , Parfitt Gaynor , Eston Roger
                G. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Prior to 2000, most investigators had conducted their research in the same vein as that performed in greater volume on adults, and appealed for progress in this regard. While significant progress has been made in the intervening years, there remains, regrettably, a lack of consensus in terms of how data should be gathered (which tools and protocols are appropriate) and analysed statistically, making interpretations of validity and reliability quite difficult. In the past 10 years existing scales have been refined and ‘new’ ones have been constructed and promoted across a range of exercise modalities. Chapter 11 describes these advances and controversies and present the current status of the application of effort perception research in the paediatric exercise domain.
Exercise metabolism
Authors: Armstrong Neil , Fawkner Samantha
                G. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Chapter 16, to better understand the interplay of anaerobic and aerobic exercise metabolism during growth and maturation, compares and contrasts the development of maximal measures of anaerobic and aerobic performance, analyses relevant data from muscle biopsy investigations, reviews studies of substrate utilization during exercise, and explores recent insights into muscle metabolism provided by rigorous analyses of breath-by-breath respiratory gases and 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) spectra.
Cardiovascular function
Authors: Rowland Thomas
                W. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
While the critical nature of blood perfusion during exercise is well recognized, many questions remain incompletely answered. What are the mechanisms by which circulation of blood is increased during exercise? By what means is circulatory flow tightly linked to tissue metabolic demands? What limits increases in circulatory flow during exhaustive exercise? By what mechanism does repeated exercise (i.e. fitness training) improve cardiovascular capacity? And—germane to the present discussion—are the answers to any or all of these questions diff erent in children than adults? Chapter 19 considers these issues, summarizing available information in the paediatric population from the perspectives of three different exercise models: progressive treadmill or cycle ergometer exercise to exhaustion, sustained constant-load submaximal exercise (cardiovascular drift ), and isometric or resistance exercise.
Oxygen uptake kinetics
Authors: Fawkner Samantha
                G. , Armstrong Neil 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The two main purposes of Chapter 22 are to (i) explore the methodological issues involved in assessing the O2 kinetic response to exercise in children, and (ii) explain the O2 kinetic response to exercise in children and review the literature regarding changes with age and sex and with respect to conventional markers of aerobic fitness.
Exercise testing in congenital heart disease
Authors: Reybrouck Tony , Gewillig Marc 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Exercise testing in adult cardiac patients has mainly focused on ischaemic heart disease. The results of exercise testing with ECG monitoring are often helpful in diagnosing the presence of significant coronary artery disease. In children with heart disease, the type of pathology is different. Ischaemic heart disease is very rare. The majority of the patients present with congenital heart defects, which affect exercise capacity. In patients with congenital heart disease, exercise tests are frequently performed to measure exercise function or to assess abnormalities of cardiac rhythm. The risk of exercise testing is very low in the paediatric age group.1
Current concepts on the aetiology and prevention of sports injuries
Authors: van Mechelen Willem , Verhagen Evert
                A.L.M. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
A physically active lifestyle and active participation in sports is important, for adults as well as for children. Reasons to participate in sports and physical activity are many: pleasure and relaxation, competition, socialization, maintenance and improvement of fitness and health, etc. In general, when compared to adults, the risk for sports injury resulting from participation in sports and free play is low in children.1 Despite this relatively low risk, sports injuries in children are a fact of life, which calls for preventive action. In order to set out effective prevention programmes, epidemiological studies need to be done on incidence, severity, and aetiology of sports injuries. Also the effect of preventive measures needs to be evaluated. In the following chapters various authors will describe these aspects of sports injuries in children, regarding specific sports. This chapter describes briefly some current concepts regarding the epidemiology and prevention of sports injuries as a means of introduction to these chapters.
Aetiology and prevention of injuries in youth competitive contact sports
Authors: Verhagen Evert
                A.L.M. , van Mechelen Willem , Baxter Jones Adam
                D.G. , Maffulli Nicola 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Other chapters in this section have covered the theoretical framework regarding the aetiology and prevention of sports injuries as well as, more specific, the aetiology and prevention of injuries in non-contact youth competition sports. This chapter will focus on sport specific injuries in contact sports. A number of sports where contact with the opponent is intentional or common have therefore been selected.
Biochemistry and genetics
Authors: Bye Louise A. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
This chapter explores biochemistry and genetics for ophthalmology, including cell structure, cell signalling, cellular processes, connective tissue, extracellular matrix, and cellular interactions, biochemical and molecular biological techniques, biochemistry of ocular tissue, organization of the genome, Mendelianinheritance and population genetics, cytogenetics, the genetic basis of eye conditions, genetic techniques, and the management of genetic disease.
The Phenomenology of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Tourette Syndrome
Authors: Rothenberger Aribert , Roessner Veit 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the complex epidemiological and phenomenological aspects of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Tourette syndrome (TS). Research on this topic is relatively recent and has elucidated the importance of comorbidity in TS and the need for an early assessment for ADHD in TS. Several observational studies confirmed that ADHD is the most common comorbidity in TS (present in about 60% of cases), possibly anticipating TS onset and influencing the male gender predominance of TS. ADHD exerts a negative impact on externalizing and internalizing symptoms as well as on psychosocial functioning and quality of life in TS. The impact of comorbid ADHD upon sleep disturbances in TS remains a neglected issue. Approaches to model the coexistence of TS and ADHD are ongoing. Whereas basic neurobiological aspects fit with an additive model, complex cognitive functioning supports an interactive model. Specific pathophysiological features for TS plus ADHD have not yet been identified, but common heritability between TS and ADHD might be explained, at least in part, by the comorbidity of ADHD and OCD. Future studies on the phenomenology of TS plus ADHD should consider not only the core symptoms of TS and ADHD, but also obsessive-compulsive traits, emotional aspects, neuropsychological aspects, quality of life, early risk factors, resilience, and other possible mediators and moderators.
Neurobiology and Functional Anatomy of Tic Disorders
Authors: Greene Deanna J. , Black Kevin J. , Schlaggar Bradley L. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
This chapter summarizes the highly valuable contribution of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to the understanding of the functional anatomy of tics and related disorders. Structural MRI studies have revealed reduced caudate volumes in children and adults with Tourette syndrome (TS), with a negative correlation between caudate volume in childhood and symptom severity later in life. Cortical thinning in sensorimotor cortices was detected in children and adults with TS, with a negative correlation between thickness and orofacial tic severity. Whereas adults with TS show cortical thinning and reduced gray matter volume in prefrontal regions, suggesting a failure in neural compensation to control tics into adulthood, results from children with TS are mixed. Measures of white matter have demonstrated larger volumes and reduced fractional anisotropy in the corpus callosum in TS. Results from functional MRI studies of motor control and cognitive control in TS are generally inconsistent. Putative cognitive control networks seem functionally immature and anomalous in TS, suggesting that functional anatomical abnormalities in TS may not be restricted to cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuits and involve cortical networks supporting cognitive control.