bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconstruction with scrotal skin flaps after wide local resection of penoscrotal extramammary Paget's disease
Authors: Qin XiaoJian , Zhang Shilin , Zhang HaiLiang , Shen YiJun , Zhu Yao , Ye DingWei 
Published: September 2012

Study Type – Therapy (case series)Level of Evidence 4What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Both the treatment and reconstruction after resection of penoscrotal extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) are of concern among oncological urologists. Reconstruction of large skin defects after wide local resection of this disease remains challenging and skilled work.For the first time, by using scrotal skin flaps, we have introduced an effective and reliable procedure into the new area of reconstruction for penoscrotal EMPD in selected patients, with satisfactory functional and aesthetic results.OBJECTIVE
To introduce an effective procedure for reconstruction of large skin defects after wide local resection of penoscrotal extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) in selected patients using scrotal skin flaps without compromising oncological control.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
From January to June 2010 this procedure was carried out in five selected patients with penoscrotal EMPD who underwent wide local resection with subsequent reconstruction using scrotal skin flaps.
Patient demographics, lesion characteristics, surgical margins and outcomes were evaluated.
Skin defects covered 48–96 cm2 (median = 72 cm2). The median (range) duration of follow‐up was 24 (22–27) months.
RESULTS
Flaps survived with satisfactory functional and aesthetic results.
All patients survived without local or systemic recurrence of tumour.
CONCLUSIONS
Wide local resection can provide cure in superficial penoscrotal EMPD.
The described method using scrotal skin flaps seems to be a safe and effective procedure for the reconstruction of large defects.
The land that lean manufacturing forgot?
Authors: Bloom Nicholas , Schweiger Helena , Van Reenen John 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe have conducted the first large‐scale survey on management practices in transition countries. We found that Central Asian transition countries, such as Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan, have on average very poor management practices. Their average scores are below developing countries such as India. In contrast, the Central European transition countries such as Poland and Lithuania operate with management practices that are only moderately worse than those of Western European countries such as Germany. As we find these practices are strongly linked to firm performance, this suggests that poor management practices may be impeding the development of Central Asian transition countries. We find that competition, multinational ownership, private ownership and human capital are all strongly correlated with better management. If causally interpreted, this would imply that the continued opening of markets to domestic and foreign competition, privatization of state‐owned firms and increased levels of workforce education should promote better management, and ultimately faster economic growth.
Land use rights, market transitions, and labour policy change in China (1980–84)
Authors: Chen Yiu Por 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis paper provides a systematic analysis of the way shifts in property utilization rights in China induced another sequence of institutional changes that led to the rise of rural–urban labour migration from 1980 to 1984, a critical period in the country’s market transition. The paper shows that the 1980s’ Household Responsibility System (HRS), which brought family farming back from the communal system, endowed rural households not only with land use rights, but also withde factolabour allocation rights. These shifts in property relations promoted a growth in agricultural market size as well as the emergence of intraprovincial non‐hukourural–urban migration, which may have made labour retention policies such as the small township strategy ineffective, and may have given the government an incentive to deregulate its subsequent labour market policy.
A genetic tango attack against the David–Prasad RFID ultra‐lightweight authentication protocol
Authors: Barrero David F. , Hernández‐Castro Julio César , Peris‐Lopez Pedro , Camacho David , R‐Moreno María D. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractRadio frequency identification (RFID) is a powerful technology that enables wireless information storage and control in an economical way. These properties have generated a wide range of applications in different areas. Due to economic and technological constrains, RFID devices are seriously limited, having small or even tiny computational capabilities. This issue is particularly challenging from the security point of view. Security protocols in RFID environments have to deal with strong computational limitations, and classical protocols cannot be used in this context. There have been several attempts to overcome these limitations in the form of new lightweight security protocols designed to be used in very constrained (sometimes called ultra‐lightweight) RFID environments. One of these proposals is the David–Prasad ultra‐lightweight authentication protocol. This protocol was successfully attacked using a cryptanalysis technique named Tango attack. The capacity of the attack depends on a set of boolean approximations. In this paper, we present an enhanced version of the Tango attack, named Genetic Tango attack, that uses Genetic Programming to design those approximations, easing the generation of automatic cryptanalysis and improving its power compared to a manually designed attack. Experimental results are given to illustrate the effectiveness of this new attack.
Diagnostic accuracy of punch biopsy in subtyping basal cell carcinoma
Authors: Kamyab‐Hesari K. , Seirafi H. , Naraghi Z.S. , Shahshahani M.M. , Rahbar Z. , Damavandi M.R. , Naraghi M.M. , Rezvani M. , Aghazadeh N. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackground  Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common skin cancer in humans. The histological subtype reported by punch biopsy may influence the type of treatment. Few studies have investigated the accuracy of punch biopsy in diagnosing the true BCC subtype.Objective  To determine the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of punch biopsy in BCC subtype diagnosis.Methods  In this retrospective study, 333 biopsy specimens and excisions were reviewed. Histological subtypes present in the initial biopsy were compared with tumour subtypes of the total excision.Results  The concordance between the BCC subtype present in the biopsy specimen and in the subsequent excision specimen was 72.3%. The most common BCC patterns were nodular (158, 47.5%) and mixed subtype (90, 27%). Most mixed tumours contained one or more aggressive subtype (63/90, 70%). In 47/120 (39.1%) aggressive tumours (14.1% of the total), punch biopsy failed to correctly identify the aggressive component. The most commonly missed aggressive subtype was mixed aggressive including nodular/micronodular and nodular/infiltrative (30/47, 63.8%). In 45/213 (21.1%) non‐aggressive BCCs (13.5% of total cases), punch biopsy incorrectly reported an aggressive subtype. The most commonly misidentified non‐aggressive subtype was nodular (39/45, 86.6). The sensitivity and specificity of punch biopsy in diagnosing aggressive vs. non‐aggressive BCC subtypes 60.8% (95% CI, 51.9–69.1) and 78.9% (95% CI, 72.8–83.8), respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 61.9% and 78.1%, respectively.Conclusion  Punch biopsy has serious pitfalls in differentiating aggressive and non‐aggressive BCC subtypes. Dermatologists should consider the possibility of aggressive components within non‐aggressive BCCs reported using punch biopsy.
Atorvastatin preconditioning improves the forward blood flow in the no‐reflow rats
Authors: Shao Liang , Zhang Yong , Ma Aiqun , Zhang Ping , Wu Dayin , Li Wenzhu , Wang Jue , Liu Kun , Wang Zhaohui 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAtorvastatin is not only an antilipemic but also used as an anti‐inflammatory medicine in heart disease. Our working hypothesis was that atorvastatin preconditioning could improve the forward blood flow in the no‐reflow rats associated with inflammation. We investigated that two doses of atorvastatin preconditioning (20 and 5 mg/kg/day) could alleviate deterioration of early cardiac diastolic function in rats with inflammation detected by echocardiography and haemodynamics. This benefit was obtained from the effect of atorvastatin preconditioning on improving forward blood flow and preserving the infarct cardiomyocytes, which was estimated by Thioflavin S and TTC staining in rats with myocardial ischemia/reperfusion. Subsequently, the improving of forward blood flow was ascribed to reduction of microthrombus in microvascular and myocardial fibrosis observed by MSB and Masson's trichrome staining with atorvastatin preconditioning. Ultimately, we found that atorvastatin preconditioning could reduce inflammation factor, such as tumor necrosis factor‐α and fibrinogen‐like protein 2, both in myocardial and in mononuclear cells, which probably attribute to microcirculation dysfunction in no‐reflow rats detected by immunohistochemistry staining, western blot, and ELISA detection, respectively. In conclusion, atorvastatin preconditioning could alleviate deterioration of early cardiac diastolic function and improve the forward blood flow in the no‐reflow rats attributing to reduction of TNF‐α and fgl‐2 expression.
Phylogenetic affinities of evolutionarily enigmatic African galliforms: the Stone Partridge Ptilopachus petrosus and Nahan's Francolin Francolinus nahani, and support for their sister relationship with New World quails
Authors: Cohen Callan , Wakeling Julia L. , Mandiwana‐Neudani Tshifhiwa G. , Sande Eric , Dranzoa Christine , Crowe Timothy M. , Bowie Rauri C. K. 
Published: September 2012

The monotypic Stone Partridge Ptilopachus petrosus (Galliformes: Phasianidae), restricted to arid rocky areas of the northern savanna belt including the Sahel on the southern border of the Sahara Desert, is a taxonomic enigma. Historically, it has been grouped with Asian forest partridges (Galloperdix and Bambusicola spp.). However, recent DNA‐based phylogenetic research has suggested that its closest relative is Nahan's Francolin Francolinus nahani, another taxonomically enigmatic African galliform, and a globally threatened, narrow endemic species associated with the interior of remnant primary forests of the eastern equatorial lowlands of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda. This hypothesis is investigated in greater detail using additional DNA evidence and information on behaviour and vocalizations. Phylogenetic analyses of the combined sequences from three nuclear and four mitochondrial markers (5554 bases for 84 galliform taxa) overwhelmingly support the sister relationship between F. nahani and P. petrosus. They, in turn, are the distantly related sister taxon of the New World quails (Odontophoridae), and are not related to any other Old World galliform.
Two Cheers for Modernity
Authors: Hall John A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractMichael McKeon’s great The Secret History of Domesticity has at its core a powerful, well‐articulated view of the nature of modernity. This paper engages with that view. The argument of this essay is simple: McKeon does not give sufficient attention to alternative views of modernity – or, if you like, to tensions with modernity. This matters: his view of modernity is slightly too optimistic – as indeed a closer reading of Smith and Hume proposed here makes clear
Domesticating the Conscience
Authors: Linch Amy 
Published: September 2012

AbstractMichael McKeon’s The Secret History of Domesticity offers a powerful theory for understanding the intensity of religious conflict during the 17th century and its role in advancing the central categories of liberal political thought. Through McKeon’s framework we can see the struggle for confessional homogeneity as a conflict over interpretations of the public and the role of the private with respect to its legitimacy, purpose and direction resulting from the devolution of absolutism. The perspective his theory illuminates also allows us to recognize the Anglican consensus as a domestication of radical challenges to the consolidating state on the basis of liberty of conscience.
National Domesticity: “The Fairy Way of Writing”
Authors: Pask Kevin 
Published: September 2012

AbstractMichael McKeon’s The Secret History of Domesticity is a powerful account of early modern culture partly because of its abandonment of the traditional (Marxist) association of domesticity with the bourgeoisie. However, the book’s scrupulous avoidance of anachronistic ideological terms of analysis also seems to entail a relative lack of interest in nationalism, which is arguably emerging in the period. This paper argues for the relevance of the emergence of a national literary imaginary as a version of early modern domesticity.
Drama Theory, the Division of Knowledge, and the Emergence of the Aesthetic
Authors: Frank Marcie 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn The Secret History of Domesticity, Michael McKeon provides a new account of the development of the aesthetic in the eighteenth century. He characterizes the contribution of debates about neoclassical dramatic theory to the division of knowledge into the categories of science and art when they separate the pleasures of the understanding from the pleasures of the imagination. Unlike other accounts of the aesthetic that treat 18th‐century theatricality as a metaphor, McKeon’s use of drama theory mediates between metaphorical theatricality and literal theater history. By emphasizing the emergent epistemological divide between arts and science, however, McKeon does not fully exploit one of the consequences that may flow from giving this importance to drama theory: the location of aesthetics beside commerce or entertainment. To recognize the persistence of drama theory in literature even after the crystallization of the realist novel in the 1740s, moreover, might also generate an alternative history of the novel to the one provided in The Secret History.
Public Learning and Private Learners: The Separation of Public and Private in Renaissance Literature and Pedagogy
Authors: Carlson Eric 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAlthough Michael McKeon’s The Secret History of Domesticity is both a major achievement in public sphere theory and builds a major bridge between studies of the Restoration and the Renaissance, it also suggests a further examination of evidence from before the civil wars. While the opening chapter considers the pre‐16th‐century developments of privacy in politics, economics and religion, the book’s literary and cultural evidence focuses overwhelmingly on the 17th and 18th centuries. Taking the topic of education as the main point of departure, this article argues that the conceptual separation of public and private can be seen in Tudor evidence such as Richard Mulcaster’s pedagogy manual, Positions (1581), Dudley Fenner’s Artes of Logike and Rhethorike (1584) and even in the statutes of London’s Gresham College (1596). Although the language of public and private in these texts is inchoate and provisional, these Elizabethan educational texts also participate in what McKeon identifies as the emergence of the modern categories of publicity and privacy.
Alternative Perspectives on the Sustainability of Alaska's Commercial Fisheries
Authors: LORING PHILIP A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractMany believe commercial fisheries in Alaska (U.S.A.) are sustainability success stories, but ongoing socioeconomic problems across the state raise questions about how this sustainability is being defined and evaluated. Problems such as food insecurity and the disenfranchisement of Alaska Natives from fishing rights are well documented, yet these concerns are obscured by marketing campaigns that convey images of flourishing fishing communities and initiatives to certify Alaska's fisheries as responsibly managed. Fisheries management mandates and approaches built on such metrics and technologies as maximum sustainable yield and systems of tradable quotas actually serve to constrain, circumscribe, and marginalize some Alaskans’ opportunities for effecting change in how the benefits of these fisheries are allocated. Beneath the narrative of sustainability, these management technologies perpetuate a cognitive ecological model of sustainability that is oriented to single‐species outcomes, that casts people as parasites, and thus assumes the necessity of trade‐offs between biological and social goals. Alternative cognitive models are available that draw metaphors from different ecological concepts such as keystone species and mutualisms. Such models, when used to inform management approaches, may improve societal outcomes in Alaska and elsewhere by promoting food security and sustainability through diversified natural resource harvest strategies that are more flexible and responsive to environmental variability and change.Perspectivas Alternativas sobre la Sustentabilidad de las Pesquerías Comerciales en Alaska
Altered theta coupling between medial entorhinal cortex and dentate gyrus in temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Froriep Ulrich P. , Kumar Arvind , Cosandier‐Rimélé Delphine , Häussler Ute , Kilias Antje , Haas Carola A. , Egert Ulrich 
Published: September 2012

SummaryPurpose:  Temporal lobe epilepsy is often accompanied by neuron loss and rewiring in the hippocampus. We hypothesized that the interaction of subnetworks of the entorhinal–hippocampal loop between epileptic events should show significant signatures of these pathologic changes.Methods:  We combined simultaneous recording of local field potentials in entorhinal cortex (EC) and dentate gyrus (DG) in freely behaving kainate‐injected mice with histologic analyses and computational modeling.Key Findings:  In healthy mice, theta band activity was synchronized between EC and DG. In contrast, in epileptic mice, theta activity in the EC was delayed with respect to the DG. A computational neural mass model suggests that hippocampal cell loss imbalances the coupling of subnetworks, introducing the shift.Significance:  We show that pathologic dynamics in epilepsy encompass ongoing activity in the entorhinal‐hippocampal loop beyond acute epileptiform activity. This predominantly affects theta band activity, which links this shift in entorhinal‐hippocampal interaction to behavioral aspects in epilepsy.
Early Improvement of the Regional and Global Ventricle Function Estimated by Two‐Dimensional Speckle Tracking Echocardiography after Percutaneous Aortic Valve Implantation Speckle Tracking after CoreValve Implantation
Authors: Delgado Mónica , Ruiz Martín , Mesa Dolores , de Lezo Cruz Conde José Suárez , Pan Manuel , López José , Villanueva Elena , Cejudo Laura 
Published: September 2012

Background: To assess changes in myocardial deformation and ejection fraction (EF) by two‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2DSTE) after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Methods: A total of 24 patients (50% males, age 78 ± 4 years) were selected for TAVI because of severe aortic stenosis. A comprehensive echocardiographic study was performed before TAVI, at discharge, and after 1‐month follow‐up. EF was assessed by 2D conventional echocardiography with Simpson method and by 2DSTE. Radial and circumferential strains were evaluated in six segments in the short‐axis view at the level of the papillary muscles, and longitudinal strain in six segments in the four‐chamber apical view, by means of 2DSTE. All studies were performed with an iE‐33 echocardiography device (Philips). Results: At discharge, the mean EF estimated by 2DSTE improved significantly when compared with the basal one (56 ± 7% vs. 51 ± 8%, P < 0.01), while EF by Simpson method did not change (67 ± 9% vs. 64 ± 16%, P = 0.2). At that time, global radial (21.4 ± 9% vs. 11.5 ± 7.6%, P = 0.000), circumferential (−20.7 ± 8% vs. −15.2 ± 7%, P = 0.02), and longitudinal strains (−14.8 ± 6.2% vs. −12 ± 6%, P = 0.02) improved significantly when compared with the basal one. At 1‐month follow‐up, global radial (20.1 ± 5.6% vs. 21.4 ± 9%, P = 0.88) and circumferential (−20 ± 8% vs. −20.7 ± 8%, P = 0.35) strains did not vary and a new significant improvement was observed in longitudinal global strain (−19.2 ± 6.5% vs. −14.8 ± 6.2%, P = 0.002). Conclusions: A new echocardiographic technique, such as 2DSTE, shows a significant early improvement in global and segmental left ventricular systolic function after TAVI, which could not be detected by conventional methods.
On Exhibiting Transnational Mobilities: Museum Display Decisions in “Gold Cloths of Sumatra”
Authors: Rodgers Susan 
Published: September 2012

AbstractScholarship on the new “mobilities” paradigm from sociology and cultural geography has much to offer anthropologist curators and other museum professionals seeking to conceptualize and design exhibitions on ritual objects that are “on the move”—that is, ceremonial things such as Sumatran textiles (the focus here) that have long histories of crossing ethnic group, social class, and national borders. These ritual goods are often crucial sites for constructing both “indigeneity” and national identities through aesthetic references to imagined pasts. These ceremonial goods also carry symbolic weight as collectible art within widely internationalized circuits of exchange among major collectors and museums. These objects' travels through these realms of value and renown make them eminently open to mobilities research approaches—and to exhibition designs shaped by that literature. This essay offers a case study of a college gallery exhibition on gold thread songket textiles whose display design was inspired by mobilities research. [mobilities paradigm, exhibition design, textiles, Southeast Asia]
Numerical Simulation of the Fast Firing of Alumina in a Box Furnace
Authors: Possamai Talita S. , Oba Renato , Nicolau Vicente P. , Hotza Dachamir , García Daniel E. 
Published: September 2012

Fast firing has been used to produce relatively dense ceramics in periods of time shorter than 5 min. High heat inputs during fast firing originates changes in the internal structure of the ceramic compact. The amount of energy available for sintering increases by the formation of a dense outer layer which controls the heat flux to the interior of the compact. In this paper, a numerical model based on the method of finite volumes was developed to simulate the fast firing process in an alumina compact. The heat transfer inside the ceramic sample was modeled through the whole process in order to predict the density changes induced by the fast furnace's heat transfer and compared to conventional sintering.
Non‐Observational Knowledge of Action
Authors: Schwenkler John 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIntuitively, the knowledge of one’s own intentional actions is different from the knowledge of actions of other sorts, including those of other people and unintentional actions of one’s own. But how are we to understand this phenomenon? Does it pertain to all actions, under every description under which they are known? If so, then how is this possible? If not, then how should we think about cases that are exceptions to this principle? This paper is a critical survey of recent attempts to answer these questions. I consider views under three headings: “special source” views, which hold that the knowledge of one’s intentional actions has a non‐perceptual source; “special domain” views, which hold that some but not all aspects of one’s intentional actions are known in this way; and “special character” views, which hold that the knowledge of intentional actions is special not because of where it comes from, but because of some other respect in which it is different in kind from the knowledge of other things.