bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Manufacturing of a precision 3D microlens array on a steep curved substrate by injection molding process
Authors: Zhang Hao , Scheiding Sebastian , Li Lei , Gebhardt Andreas , Risse Stefan , Eberhardt Ramona , Tünnermann Andreas , Yi Allen Y. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
In this study, a high volume low cost manufacturing method for microoptical microlens arrays on steep curved substrates using a microinjection molding technique was investigated. The design of the individual lenslets was performed using ZEMAX. This 3D microlens array in this study contains 1219 microlenses that are evenly distributed on its concave surface with a high fill factor. The overall field of view of this microlens array on curved substrates is more than 104°. To complete the manufacturing process, first the mold inserts were machined using a voice coil based fast tool servo technique, then the 3D microlens arrays were injection molded. The injection molding process parameters were evaluated using both experiments and numerical simulation for best molding results. In addition, both geometrical errors and optical performance tests showed that the molded polymer microlens arrays can be used in wide angle imaging applications. This study demonstrated that this combined process is capable of fabricating high precision microlens arrays at steep curved substrates at low cost. The microlens arrays created in this study have broad applications in optical, medical and biomedical domains. The success of this study provided a feasible solution for mass production of 3D microlens arrays on arbitrary substrates.
Camera-based driver assistance systems
Authors: Grimm Michael 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
In recent years, camera-based driver assistance systems have taken an important step: from laboratory setup to series production. This tutorial gives a brief overview on the technology behind driver assistance systems, presents the most significant functionalities and focuses on the processes of developing camera-based systems for series production. We highlight the critical points which need to be addressed when camera-based driver assistance systems are sold in their thousands, worldwide – and the benefit in terms of safety which results from it.
Thüringer Bibliotheksgesetz/ DDR
Authors: Soilihi Mzé Hassan 
Published: April 2013

Zusammenfassung:
Die Erforschung und kritische Dokumentation des Bibliothekswesens der Sowjetischen Besatzungszone (SBZ) und späteren DDR ist ein verhältnismäßig junges Teilgebiet der Zeitgeschichtsforschung, das aufgrund der bisher fehlenden Editionsarbeit auf zentrale Texte – insbesondere rechtsrelevante Quellen – nur bedingt zurückgreifen kann. Die vorliegende Kurzedition macht in diesem Zusammenhang zwei bibliotheksrechtliche Zeugnisse der SBZ wieder verfügbar: den Entwurf zu einem Gesetz zur Demokratisierung des Büchereiwesens sowie den zu einem eigenständigen Thüringischen Büchereigesetz.
1994–2012? Die Entwicklung der Koordinierungsstelle Magdeburg als Serviceeinrichtung auch für Bibliotheken
Authors: Franz Michael 
Published: April 2013

Zusammenfassung:
Dieser Beitrag informiert über die Entwicklung der Koordinierungsstelle seit 1994 und ihre in diesem Zusammenhang gerade auch für Bibliotheken entwickelten Serviceleistungen.
Papain-like peptidases: structure, function, and evolution
Authors: Novinec Marko , Lenarčič Brigita 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPapain-like cysteine peptidases are a diverse family of peptidases found in most known organisms. In eukaryotes, they are divided into multiple evolutionary groups, which can be clearly distinguished on the basis of the structural characteristics of the proenzymes. Most of them are endopeptidases; some, however, evolved into exopeptidases by obtaining additional structural elements that restrict the binding of substrate into the active site. In humans, papain-like peptidases, also called cysteine cathepsins, act both as non-specific hydrolases and as specific processing enzymes. They are involved in numerous physiological processes, such as antigen presentation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and hormone processing. Their activity is tightly regulated and dysregulation of one or more cysteine cathepsins can result in severe pathological conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Other organisms can utilize papain-like peptidases for different purposes and they are often part of host-pathogen interactions. Numerous parasites, such asPlasmodiumand flukes, utilize papain-like peptidases for host invasion, whereas plants, in contrast, use these enzymes for host defense. This review presents a state-of-the-art description of the structure and phylogeny of papain-like peptidases as well as an overview of their physiological and pathological functions in humans and in other organisms.
Programmed cell death with a necrotic-like phenotype
Authors: Morgan Michael J. , Liu Zheng-gang 
Published: April 2013

AbstractProgrammed cell death is the process by which an individual cell in a multicellular organism commits cellular ‘suicide’ to provide a long-term benefit to the organism. Thus, programmed cell death is important for physiological processes such as development, cellular homeostasis, and immunity. Importantly, in this process, the cell is not eliminated in response to random events but in response to an intricate and genetically defined set of internal cellular molecular events or ‘program’. Although the apoptotic process is generally very well understood, programmed cell death that occurs with a necrotic-like phenotype has been much less studied, and it is only within the past few years that the necrotic program has begun to be elucidated. Originally, programmed necrosis was somewhat dismissed as a nonphysiological phenomenon that occurs in vitro. Recent in vivo studies, however, suggest that regulated necrosis is an authentic classification of cell death that is important in mammalian development and other physiological processes, and programmed necrosis is now considered a significant therapeutic target in major pathological processes as well. Although the RIP1-RIP3-dependent necrosome complex is recognized as being essential for the execution of many instances of programmed necrosis, other downstream and related necrotic molecules and pathways are now being characterized. One of the current challenges is understanding how and under what conditions these pathways are linked together.
Problems in determining thalassemia carrier status in a program for prevention and control of severe thalassemia syndromes: a lesson from Thailand
Authors: Viprakasit Vip , Limwongse Chanin , Sukpanichnant Sathein , Ruangvutilert Pornpimol , Kanjanakorn Chompunut , Glomglao Waraporn , Sirikong Monchan , Utto Witayakarn , Tanphaichitr Voravarn S. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Background: Prevention and control of severe β thalassemia by carrier detection and identification of couples at risk in developed countries is one of the most successful stories in modern medicine. Similar programs in developing countries especially Southeast Asia, are more problematic because both α and β thalassemias are highly prevalent. In Thailand, there are limited data on whether we could determine, based on hematological phenotypes, the mutation severity and/or coinheritance of α thalassemia in β thalassemia traits.

Methods: Comprehensive molecular, hematology and hemoglobin analyses of the α and β globin genes were performed in 141 healthy individuals identified as β thalassemia carriers.

Results: Seventeen different β globin mutations were successfully identified out of all cases analyzed. Although the majority of the mutations identified were the β0 or severe β+ thalassemia alleles, a high proportion of mild mutations (25%) was observed. Of these β thalassemia traits, 22.3% were found to co-inherit the α thalassemias. Milder hematological phenotypes were noted in β+ compared with β0 thalassemia traits when the α globin genes were intact. Although co-inheritance of α0 thalassemia might be suspected in cases with skewed profiles, due to the overlapping values, it remains difficult to apply these parameters for reliable carrier determination.

Conclusions: A combination of hemoglobin analysis and DNA testing seems to be the best way to confirm carrier status in a region with high frequency for both α and β thalassemias. Underdiagnoses of carrier status could hamper the effectiveness of a thalassemia prevention and control program.
The Abel–Jacobi isomorphism for one-cycles on Kirwan's log resolution of the moduli space
𝒮𝒰
C
(2,𝒪
C
)
Authors: Iyer Jaya N. , Lewis James D. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

In this paper, we consider the moduli space

𝒮

𝒰
C

(
r
,

𝒪
C

)

$\mathcal {S\hspace{-1.0pt}U}_C(r,\mathcal {O}_C)$

of rank r semistable vector bundles with trivial determinant on a smooth projective curve C of genus g.
For r = 2, F. Kirwan constructed a smooth log resolution

X
¯

→
𝒮

𝒰
C

(
2
,

𝒪
C

)

$\overline{X}\rightarrow \mathcal {S\hspace{-1.0pt}U}_C(2,\mathcal {O}_C)$

. Based on earlier
work of M. Kerr and J. Lewis, Lewis explains in the Appendix the notion of a relative Chow
group (w.r.t. the normal crossing divisor), and a subsequent
Abel–Jacobi map on the relative Chow group of null-homologous one-cycles (tensored
with ℚ). This map takes values in the intermediate Jacobian of the compactly supported cohomology of the stable locus. We show that this is an isomorphism and since the intermediate Jacobian is identified with the Jacobian

Jac
(
C
)
⊗
ℚ

$\operatorname{Jac}(C)\otimes \mathbb {Q}$

, this can be thought of as a weak-representability result for open smooth varieties. A hard Lefschetz theorem is also proved for the odd degree bottom weight cohomology of the moduli space

𝒮

𝒰
C
s

(
2
,

𝒪
C

)

$\mathcal {S\hspace{-1.0pt}U}_C^s(2,\mathcal {O}_C)$

. When r ≥ 2, we compute the codimension two rational Chow groups of

𝒮

𝒰
C

(
r
,

𝒪
C

)

$\mathcal {S\hspace{-1.0pt}U}_C(r,\mathcal {O}_C)$

.
Geometric analysis aspects of infinite semiplanar graphs with nonnegative curvature
Authors: Hua Bobo , Jost Jürgen , Liu Shiping 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
We apply Alexandrov geometry
methods to study geometric analysis aspects of infinite semiplanar
graphs with nonnegative combinatorial curvature. We obtain the metric classification of these
graphs and construct the graphs embedded in the projective plane
minus one point. Moreover, we show the volume doubling property and
the Poincaré inequality on such graphs. The quadratic volume
growth of these graphs implies the parabolicity. Finally,
we prove the polynomial growth harmonic function theorem analogous to
the case of Riemannian manifolds.
Expressing local identity through radio discourse
Authors: Valh Lopert Alenka , Koletnik Mihaela 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
This article presents the linguistic analysis of a humorous program broadcast on the Maribor commercial radio station Radio City. The program is deliberately recorded in the Maribor colloquial language variety and as such reflects the diversification of media language. The aim of our present research is to confirm the stratification of media speech as a manifestation of the need for identification with the speech of the environment, i.e. the intended public, and at the same time point out the need of public speech as a national language for the achievement and reflection of a collective identity. We believe that in the realization of the multilingual strategy in the integrational and globalizational processes in Europe, the preservation of such linguistic and cultural diversity should present a source of strength rather than a weakness.
Automatic detection of radial structures in dialect maps: determining diffusion centers
Authors: Meschenmoser Daniel , Pröll Simon 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
To manually detect geometric structures in large quantities of dialect maps is a tedious and error-prone (if not impossible) task. Methods from stochastic image analysis and pattern recognition can help to automate, objectify and thus facilitate this process. This paper presents a quantitative method for detection of ellipsoid patterns and their centers in dialect maps using the Randomized Hough Transform. It will outline the necessary parameters, which are fully customizable, thus making the method adaptable to any kind of map. The centers of these structures can be divided into two types, a geographic and a linguistic one. Previous approaches were unable to make such a distinction. It will be argued that the aggregations of such linguistic centers could best be described as attractors of a dynamic system.
Mapping The Existing Phonology of English Dialects
Authors: Maguire Warren 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Given its early date, breadth of coverage (geographical and linguistic) and the huge amount of data it contains, Alexander Ellis's The Existing Phonology of English
Dialects marks an extremely significant episode in British dialectology. Despite this, there has been very little in the way of detailed linguistic analysis of Ellis’s survey, and no attempt has been made to construct a linguistic atlas from the data it contains, although several studies have included a few preliminary maps based on it. Why is this so, and what might we discover if we did investigate this early survey of the dialects of English and Scots in more detail? The aim of this paper is to begin such an investigation and, in particular, to demonstrate that there is considerable mileage (and benefit) in mapping the data in Ellis (1889).
Synthesis of new heterocyclic compounds containing benzimidazole moiety as inhibitors of breast cancer cell growth
Authors: Tantawy Atif , Barghash Alaa-eldin , Badr Sahar , Gomaa Rania 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
A series of new benzimidazole derivatives, namely 2-acylbenzimidazoles 2–9, a dihydroquinoxaline 10, a benzoxazine 11, quinolines 13–15 and fused 1,2,4-triazines 17–24 were synthesized. Structure elucidation of the compounds was conducted using IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass spectral data and elemental analysis. These products were evaluated for in vitro antitumor activity against MCF7 cell line (human breast cancer). Compounds 13–15 and 24 manifested significant antitumor activity.
Alkali consumption of aliphatic carboxylic acids during alkaline pulping of wood and nonwood feedstocks
Authors: Pakkanen Hannu , Alén Raimo 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
The carbohydrate degradation products have been examined, which are formed during the conventional kraft pulping of a softwood, hardwoods, bamboo, and wheat straw as well as soda and soda-anthraquinone pulping of wheat straw. The focus was on “volatile” acids such as formic and acetic acids and “nonvolatile” hydroxy monocarboxylic and dicarboxylic acids. The different consumption profiles were obtained for the charged alkali required for the neutralization of these aliphatic acids depending on the feedstock and the cooking method. The relative composition of the acid fraction in the black liquors of softwood and hardwood and nonwood feedstocks showed characteristic variations. However, in the case of wood kraft pulping, the variations in cooking conditions (effective alkali 19–21% and cooking temperature 155–170°C) had no significant effect on the acid composition. The total amount of volatile and hydroxy acids formed during pulping at a typical target κ number level for each feedstock ranged from 78 to 174 kg ton-1 based on o.d. feedstock. It was highest in birch kraft pulping and lowest in wheat soda-anthraquinone pulping.
Menopausal status, adipose tissue, and breast cancer risk: impact of estrogen replacement therapy
Authors: Eden John A. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
The seeds of breast cancer are likely sown in the first two or three decades of life. Rapid weight gain and height in infancy predict breast cancer risk in later life. The age at first pregnancy is also a strong predictor for breast cancer; the earlier the first full-term pregnancy, then the lower the risk of breast cancer in later life. It has been postulated that the breast stem cell number may be the factor linking these observations together. Menopause, per se, is associated with an increase in central adiposity, which is reversed by hormone replacement usage. Breast and nonbreast fat both produce estrogens and cytokines that may promote the growth of small breast cancers making them appear earlier. Obesity also is associated with metabolic syndrome, which is a risk factor for breast cancer. The breast cancer stem cells make up only around 1%–2% of the tumor mass and, yet, are the likely driver for much of a breast cancer’s behavior. Future research into breast cancer biology, especially into the cancer stem cells is likely to translate into novel methods of treatment and prevention of this common cancer.
Lysine-specific histone demethylase LSD1 and the dynamic control of chromatin
Authors: Rudolph Thomas , Beuch Stefanie , Reuter Gunter 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
The flavin adenine dinucleotide-dependent amine oxidase LSD1 is the first molecularly defined histone demethylase, which specifically demethylates H3K4me1/me2. The enzyme dynamically controls a large variety of biological processes and is associated with protein complexes controlling transcriptional repression and activation. Molecular analysis of the Drosophila LSD1 homolog revealed new insights into the epigenetic control of heterochromatin formation during early embryogenesis, the establishment of transcriptional gene silencing and the epigenetic mechanisms associated with the maintenance of stem cell identity in primordial germline cells. This review summarizes our recent knowledge about the control of enzymatic activity and molecular function of LSD1 enzyme complexes in different model organisms including Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Drosophila and mammals. Finally, new developments in applied cancer research based on molecular analysis of LSD1 in cancer cells are discussed.
Tribological Characteristics of Copper Based Composites with Al2O3 Particles at Various Temperatures
Authors: Hvizdoš P. , Besterci M. , Kulu P. , Kvačkaj T. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractTwo copper based composites: an experimental Cu-Al2O3 and commercial GlidCop AL-60 grade (with 1.1 wt.% Al2O3) with grains size approximately 1–2 µm were treated by Equal Channel Angular Pressure (ECAP) technique in order to induce severe plastic deformation and to reduce the grain size by about an order of magnitude. Microstructure of the as-received and ECAPed states of both systems were observed. Hardness of the experimental materials was measured by instrumented indentation. Tribological properties were studied by pin-on-disk technique in dry sliding against a steel ball at a various temperatures from room temperature up to 873 K. For all systems the coefficient of friction and specific wear rates were evaluated. Worn surfaces were studied by scanning electron microscopy and level of oxidation was measured using EDX spectrometry. It was found that between 473 K and 673 K the coefficient of friction decreased significantly. At lower temperatures the finer grained systems were more wear resistant than the as-received ones. The wear rate of all systems decreased down to zero at 673 K due to formation of hard oxide rich layers. Damage mechanisms were identified and their relationship with structural characteristics was inferred.
Response of the Cr-alloyed PM Steels on Vacuum Sintering and Heat Treatment
Authors: Bidulský Róbert , Bidulská Jana , Actis Grande Marco 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe present paper deals with the evaluation of different vacuum heat treatments on the fracture surfaces of a low alloyed sintered steel in correlation with the mechanical and plastic properties achieved. The heat treatment conditions consist of the sintering process in vacuum furnace at 1393 K for 1800 s with an integrated final tempering at 473 K for 3600 s. The average cooling rates were calculated in the range of 1393 K to 673 K and were 0.1 K/s, 0.235 K/s, 3 K/s and 6 K/s, respectively. Vacuum heat treatment performed is supporting bainite/martensitic microstructure with increasing cooling rates; it provides a marked increase in strength coupled to a decrease in ductility. The typical microstructure appearances on the fracture surfaces show that microstructure-fracture developments are closely associated with strength/plastic properties. The fracture surface mode at higher magnification revealing two main micromechanisms of fracture: brittle (transgranular cleavage fracture) and ductile (dimples and plastic deformation by slip). Finally, the cooling rate of the vacuum furnace in order of 3 K/s is sufficient to obtain suitable properties of strength and plasticity which can however be accepted for several applications.
Application of PMU-Based Information in the Indian Power System
Authors: Agarwal P.K. , Agarwal V.K. , Rathour Harish 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
SCADA/EMS system has been the most commonly used tool for real-time power system operation and control throughout the world.
This system has been found to be very useful in steady-state analysis of the power system. The ever-increasing dependence of human society and every country’s economy on electrical energy calls for reliable power delivery. In order to meet these expectations, engineers across the globe have been exploring such new technologies that can improve upon the limitations of SCADA and provide dynamic visibility of the power system. A breakthrough has now been achieved in the form of synchrophasor technology. Synchrophasor measurements using phasor measurement units (PMUs) deployed over a wide area, facilitate dynamic state measurement and visualization of a power system, which are useful in monitoring safety and security of the grid. The Power System Operation Corporation (POSOCO) has taken initiative and implemented a pilot project wherein nine phasor measurement units (PMUs) along with one phasor data concentrator (PDC) were commissioned in the Northern Region (NR) of India. The primary objective of this pilot project was to comprehend the synchrophasor technology and its applications in power system operation. The data received and information derived from the pilot project have been found to be very useful and helped in improving the performance of the grid operation in several ways. The pilot project is operational for the last two years; in the meanwhile, many other initiatives have also been taken in other regions by POSOCO. This article details the utilization of the data collected from the pilot projects and the application of the data in the improvement of Indian power grid.
On accuracy of solving Symm's equation by
a fully discrete projection method
Authors: Solodky Sergey G. , Semenova Evgeniya V. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract.
A problem of an approximate solving of Symm's integral equation for
an infinitely smooth closed boundary is considered. For a fully
discrete projection method, error estimates are found in the metric
of Sobolev spaces. A discretization parameter is chosen by balancing
principle.