bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Standardization of formulation and processing conditions for development of nutritional carabeef cookies
Authors: Goswami Meena , Sharma B. D. , Mendiratta S. K. , Pathak Vikas , Kumar R. R. , Talukdar Suman , Sharma Heena 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this study is to standardize baking time–temperature processing of nutritional carabeef cookies to improve carabeef meat consumption for malnourished women and children.

Design/methodology/approach
– Preliminary trails were done to optimize carabeef powder level replacing refined wheat flour to develop carabeef cookies. The selected carabeef cookies on the basis of sensory evaluation were baked at three different baking time–temperature combinations viz. 150-160°C for 35-40 minutes, 170-180°C for 25-30 minutes and 190-200°C for 15-20 minutes. These three treatments were evaluated for various physicochemical properties, proximate analysis, color values, instrumental texture parameters and sensory evaluation.

Findings
– Mean pH, diameter and proximate parameters like moisture, protein, fat and ash percentage had no significant difference at a higher baking temperature, whereas mean cooking yield, thickness values decreased, while spread ratio values increased significantly. Instrumental textural parameters, such as hardness, shear force and adhesiveness values increased significantly. Mean yellowness values had no significant difference, whereas mean redness, hue angle and chroma values increased in significant (p
<
0.05) manner with a higher baking temperature and lower time combinations. All sensory attributes scores decreased at a higher baking temperature. Carabeef cookies containing 50 per cent carabeef powder and baked at 150-160°C for 35-40 minutes were selected as best treatment.

Research limitations/implications
– The experiment can be further carried out to improve functional properties with the addition of various fiber sources and fat replacers.

Originality/value
– Cookies as snack foods have played a vital role in life of human as antiquity and are very much relished by large section of society. The incorporation of carabeef meat may be a very good option to cope up with malnutrition and hunger as well as to improve the consumption pattern of highly nutritional buffalo meat. Carabeef cookies baked at an optimum temperature–time combination had higher nutritional content and acceptability and, thus, could be commercialized to improve socio-economic status and health of consumers.
Down‐regulation of mitogen‐activated protein kinases and nuclear factor‐κB signaling is involved in rapamycin suppression of TLR2‐induced inflammatory response in monocytic THP‐1 cells
Authors: Sun Ruili , Zhang Yi , Ma Shijiang , Qi Hengtian , Wang Mingyong , Duan Juhong , Ma Shujun , Zhu Xiaofei , Li Guancheng , Wang Hui 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTTripalmitoyl‐S‐glycero‐Cys‐(Lys) 4 (Pam3CSK4) interacted with TLR2 induces inflammatory responses through the mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) signal pathway. Rapamycin can suppress TLR‐induced inflammatory responses; however, the detailed molecular mechanism is not fully understood. Here, the mechanism by which rapamycin suppresses TLR2‐induced inflammatory responses was investigated. It was found that Pam3CSK4‐induced pro‐inflammatory cytokines were significantly down‐regulated at both the mRNA and protein levels in THP‐1 cells pre‐treated with various concentrations of rapamycin. Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase/protein kinase‐B (PI3K/AKT) signaling did not suppress the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, indicating that the immunosuppression mediated by rapamycin in THP1 cells is independent of the PI3K/AKT pathway. RT‐PCR showed that Erk and NF‐κB signal pathways are related to the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Inhibition of Erk or NF‐κB signaling significantly down‐regulated production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, western blot showed that pre‐treatment of THP‐1 cells with rapamycin down‐regulates MAPKs and NF‐κB signaling induced by Pam3CSK4 stimulation, suggesting that rapamycin suppresses Pam3CSK4‐induced pro‐inflammatory cytokines via inhibition of TLR2 signaling. It was concluded that rapamycin suppresses TLR2‐induced inflammatory responses by down‐regulation of Erk and NF‐κB signaling.
Global patterns of pelagic dinoflagellate diversity across protist size classes unveiled by metabarcoding
Authors: Le Bescot Noan , Mahé Frédéric , Audic Stéphane , Dimier Céline , Garet Marie‐José , Poulain Julie , Wincker Patrick , de Vargas Colomban , Siano Raffaele 
Published: September 2015

SummaryDinoflagellates (Alveolata) are one of the ecologically most important groups of modern phytoplankton. Their biological complexity makes assessment of their global diversity and community structure difficult. We used massive V9 18S rDNA sequencing from 106 size‐fractionated plankton communities collected across the world's surface oceans during the Tara Oceans expedition (2009–2012) to assess patterns of pelagic dinoflagellate diversity and community structuring over global taxonomic and ecological scales. Our data and analyses suggest that dinoflagellate diversity has been largely underestimated, representing overall ∼1/2 of protistan rDNA metabarcode richness assigned at ≥ 90% to a reference sequence in the world's surface oceans. Dinoflagellate metabarcode diversity and abundance display regular patterns across the global scale, with different order‐level taxonomic compositions across organismal size fractions. While the pico to nano‐planktonic communities are composed of an extreme diversity of metabarcodes assigned to Gymnodiniales or are simply undetermined, most micro‐dinoflagellate metabarcodes relate to the well‐referenced Gonyaulacales and Peridiniales orders, and a lower abundance and diversity of essentially symbiotic Peridiniales is unveiled in the meso‐plankton. Our analyses could help future development of biogeochemical models of pelagic systems integrating the separation of dinoflagellates into functional groups according to plankton size classes.
Phloroglucinol functions as an intracellular and intercellular chemical messenger influencing gene expression in Pseudomonas protegens
Authors: Clifford Jennifer C. , Buchanan Alex , Vining Oliver , Kidarsa Teresa A. , Chang Jeff H. , McPhail Kerry L. , Loper Joyce E. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryBacteria can be both highly communicative and highly competitive in natural habitats and antibiotics are thought to play a role in both of these processes. The soil bacterium Pseudomonas protegens Pf‐5 produces a spectrum of antibiotics, two of which, pyoluteorin and 2,4‐diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG), function in intracellular and intercellular communication, both as autoinducers of their own production. Here, we demonstrate that phloroglucinol, an intermediate in DAPG biosynthesis, can serve as an intercellular signal influencing the expression of pyoluteorin biosynthesis genes, the production of pyoluteorin, and inhibition of Pythium ultimum, a phytopathogenic oomycete sensitive to pyoluteorin. Through analysis of RNAseq data sets, we show that phloroglucinol had broad effects on the transcriptome of Pf‐5, significantly altering the transcription of more than two hundred genes. The effects of nanomolar versus micromolar concentrations of phloroglucinol differed both quantitatively and qualitatively, influencing the expression of distinct sets of genes or having opposite effects on transcript abundance of certain genes. Therefore, our results support the concept of hormesis, a phenomenon associated with signalling molecules that elicit distinct responses at different concentrations. Phloroglucinol is the first example of an intermediate of antibiotic biosynthesis that functions as a chemical messenger influencing gene expression in P. protegens.
The application of the Internet of Things to animal ecology
Authors: GUO Songtao , QIANG Min , LUAN Xiaorui , XU Pengfei , HE Gang , YIN Xiaoyan , XI Luo , JIN Xuelin , SHAO Jianbin , CHEN Xiaojiang , FANG Dingyi , LI Baoguo 
Published: September 2015

AbstractFor ecologists, understanding the reaction of animals to environmental changes is critical. Using networked sensor technology to measure wildlife and environmental parameters can provide accurate, real‐time and comprehensive data for monitoring, research and conservation of wildlife. This paper reviews: (i) conventional detection technology; (ii) concepts and applications of the Internet of Things (IoT) in animal ecology; and (iii) the advantages and disadvantages of IoT. The current theoretical limits of IoT in animal ecology are also discussed. Although IoT offers a new direction in animal ecological research, it still needs to be further explored and developed as a theoretical system and applied to the appropriate scientific frameworks for understanding animal ecology.
Glucocorticoid receptor expression and binding capacity in patients with burn injury
Authors: Bergquist M. , Huss F. , Hästbacka J. , Lindholm C. , Martijn C. , Rylander C. , Hedenstierna G. , Fredén F. 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundBurn injuries are associated with strong inflammation and risk of secondary sepsis which both may affect the function of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). The aim of this study was to determineGRexpression and binding capacity in leucocytes from patients admitted to a tertiary burn center.MethodsBlood was sampled from 13 patients on admission and days 7, 14 and 21, and once from 16 healthy subjects. Patients were grouped according to the extent of burn and to any sepsis on day 7. Expression and binding capacity ofGRwere determined as arbitrary units using flow cytometry.ResultsGRexpression and binding capacity were increased compared to healthy subjects in most circulating leucocyte subsets on admission irrespective of burn size. Patients with sepsis on day 7 displayed increasedGRexpression in T lymphocytes (51.8%,P < 0.01) compared to admission. There was a negative correlation betweenGRbinding capacity in neutrophils and burn size after 14 days (P < 0.05).ConclusionsGRexpression and binding capacity are increased in most types of circulating leucocytes of severely burned patients on their admission to specialized burn care. If sepsis is present after 1 week, it is associated with higherGRexpression in T lymphocytes andNKcells.
A comparison of the ease of tracheal intubation using a McGrath MAC® laryngoscope and a standard Macintosh laryngoscope
Authors: Wallace C. D. , Foulds L. T. , McLeod G. A. , Younger R. A. , McGuire B. E. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryWe compared the McGrath MAC® videolaryngoscope when used as both a direct and an indirect laryngoscope with a standard Macintosh laryngoscope in patients without predictors of a difficult tracheal intubation. We found higher median Intubation Difficulty Scores with the McGrath MAC as a direct laryngoscope, 1 (0–3 [0–5]) than when using it as an indirect videolaryngoscope, 0 (0–1 [0–5]) or when using the Macintosh laryngoscope, 0 (0–1 [0–5]), p = 0.04. This was mirrored in the subjective user reporting, scored out of 10, of difficulty for each method 3.0 (2.0–3.4 [0.5–80]); 2.0 (1.0–3.9 [0–70]) and 2.0 (1.0–3.3 [0–70]), respectively (p = 0.01). This difficulty is in part explained by the poorer laryngeal views recorded using the Cormack and Lehane classification system (p < 0.001) and reflected in the higher than normal operator force required (25%, 4%, 8% for each method, respectively, p < 0.001) and the increased use of rigid intubation aids (21%, 6%, 2%, respectively, p < 0.001). There was no difference between the groups in time taken to intubate or incidence of complications. There was no statistical difference in the performances as measured between the McGrath MAC used as an indirect videolaryngoscope and the Macintosh laryngoscope. We cannot recommend that the McGrath videolaryngoscope be used as a direct laryngscopic device in place of the Macintosh.
Symptom severity, self‐reported adherence, and electronic pill monitoring in poorly adherent patients with bipolar disorder
Authors: Sajatovic Martha , Levin Jennifer B , Sams Johnny , Cassidy Kristin A , Akagi Kouri , Aebi Michelle E , Ramirez Luis F , Safren Steven A , Tatsuoka Curtis 
Published: September 2015

ObjectivesThis analysis of screening and baseline data from an ongoing trial examined self‐report versus automated adherence monitoring and assessed the relationship between bipolar disorder (BD) symptoms and adherence in 104 poorly adherent individuals.MethodsAdherence was measured with the Tablets Routine Questionnaire (TRQ) and the Medication Event Monitoring System (MEMS). Symptoms were measured with the Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS).ResultsThe mean age of the sample was 46.3 years [standard deviation (SD) = 9.41 years], with 72% (n = 75) women and 71% (n = 74) African American subjects. Adherence improved from screening to baseline, with a mean missed drug proportion measured by TRQ of 61.43% (SD = 26.48%) versus a baseline mean of 46.61% (SD = 30.55%). The mean proportion of missed medication using MEMS at baseline was 66.43% (SD = 30.40%). The correlation between TRQ and MEMS was 0.47. The correlation between a single index drug and all BD medications was 0.95. Symptoms were generally positively correlated with TRQ (worse adherence = more severe symptoms), but in most instances was only at a trend level (p > 0.05), with the exception of the correlations between baseline TRQ and MADRS and BPRS, which were positive (r = 0.20 and r = 0.21, respectively) and significant (p ≤ 0.05).ConclusionsIn patients with BD, monitoring increased adherence by 15%. MEMS identified 20% more non‐adherence than self‐report. Using a standard procedure to identify a single index drug for adherence monitoring may be one way to assess global adherence in patients with BD receiving polypharmacy treatment. Greater BD symptom severity may be a clinical indicator to assess for adherence problems.
Sex differences in the risk of rapid cycling and other indicators of adverse illness course in patients with bipolar I and II disorder
Authors: Erol Almila , Winham Stacey J , McElroy Susan L , Frye Mark A , Prieto Miguel L , Cuellar‐Barboza Alfredo B , Fuentes Manuel , Geske Jennifer , Mori Nicole , Biernacka Joanna M , Bobo William V 
Published: September 2015

ObjectivesTo examine the independent effects of sex on the risk of rapid cycling and other indicators of adverse illness course in patients with bipolar I disorder (BP‐I) or bipolar II disorder (BP‐II).MethodsWe analyzed data from the first 1,225 patients enrolled in the Mayo Clinic Individualized Medicine Biobank for Bipolar Disorder. Demographic and clinical variables were ascertained using standardized questionnaires; height and weight were assessed to determine body mass index (BMI). Rates of rapid cycling, cycle acceleration, and increased severity of mood episodes over time were compared between women and men overall and within subgroups defined by bipolar disorder subtype (BP‐I or BP‐II). Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess the independent effect of sex on the risk of these indicators of adverse illness course.ResultsWomen had significantly higher rates of rapid cycling than men. Overall rates of rapid cycling were higher in patients with BP‐II than BP‐I; and sex differences in the rate of rapid cycling were more pronounced in patients with BP‐II than BP‐I, although the power to detect statistically significant differences was reduced due to the lower sample size of subjects with BP‐II. Female sex was a significant predictor of rapid cycling, cycle acceleration, and increased severity of mood episodes over time after adjusting for age, bipolar disorder subtype, BMI, having any comorbid psychiatric disorder, and current antidepressant use.ConclusionsFemale sex was associated with significantly higher risk of rapid cycling, cycle acceleration, and increased severity of mood episodes over time in a sample of 1,225 patients with bipolar disorders.
Public‐Private Partnerships in Canada: Reflections on twenty years of practice
Authors: Siemiatycki Matti 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAcross Canada, governments of all level have increasingly embraced public‐private partnerships (PPPs) as their preferred approach to deliver large‐scale public infrastructure. After twenty years of practice, this paper examines the evolving rationales, governance structures and partnership models that have been used to deliver PPPs in Canada. In particular, the analysis highlights common deal structures, types of risks and responsibilities that are transferred to the private sector, and the significant role that public funding continues to have. Outstanding issues facing Canadian PPPs relate to their high upfront costs, limitations placed on meaningful community consultations, and a procurement process that can inhibit design or architectural excellence.
Solidarity Economy for Development and Women's Emancipation: Lessons from Bolivia
Authors: Hillenkamp Isabelle 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThis article critically assesses the relationship between the solidarity economy (SE) and women's emancipation through a case study of SE groups in El Alto, Bolivia. It highlights the fact that the failure to harness the potential of SE as a development alternative and as a means for the emancipation of women can partly be attributed to the neglect of gender‐related issues in the study of SE. Following an examination of SE in the Bolivian context of class and ethnicity, the article deepens the analysis by focusing on gender. It shows that the significant participation of women in SE is a response to the double imperative imposed by the current processes of monetization of production and home‐based reproduction. Compared with their insertion into the market individually, participation in SE allows women to increase and smooth their income. In general, however, their income remains lower than that of men and also below the poverty line. This reflects a continuing gender asymmetry and points to the limitations to what solidarity among poor women can achieve. The article concludes with an assessment of the possibilities as well as the difficulties inherent in a new pathway to women's emancipation through SE, a pathway which would necessitate a reorganization of the social sphere of reproduction.
Transitions to Formality and Declining Inequality: Argentina and Brazil in the 2000s
Authors: Maurizio Roxana 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTAlthough inequality and labour informality continue to be distinctive characteristics of Argentina and Brazil, during the last decade the two countries have been successful in reversing the negative trends of the 1990s. This article presents a comparative analysis of the labour formalization process that took place in Argentina and Brazil during the 2000s. It studies the flows towards labour formality, what caused them, and the interrelations of this process with the changes that occurred in labour institutions and the decline in income inequality. The study contributes to two debates: the role of labour market flexibilization in employment formalization, and the decline in income inequality. Most of the literature emphasizes the evolution of returns to education; this study complements this approach by analysing the contribution of formalization to the decline in inequality in Argentina and Brazil. The results show that labour formalization has reached all categories of workers, that it has been accompanied by real minimum wage increases, and that it has had an equalizing effect.
Calcifications in the carotid siphon correlate with silent cerebral small vessel disease in community‐dwelling older adults: A population‐based study in rural Ecuador
Authors: Del Brutto Oscar H , Mera Robertino M , Gillman Jennifer , Ha Jung‐eun , Zambrano Mauricio 
Published: September 2015

AimUsing a population‐based, cross‐sectional design, we aimed to assess whether the presence of calcifications in the carotid siphon (as seen on computed tomography) is associated with silent markers of cerebral small vessel disease (on magnetic resonance imaging) in apparently healthy older adults living in Atahualpa, a rural Ecuadorian village.MethodsStroke‐free Atahualpa residents aged ≥60 years identified during a door‐to‐door survey underwent head computed tomography for assessment of carotid siphon calcifications, and brain magnetic resonance imaging for identification of white matter hyperintensities and silent lacunar infarcts. We evaluated the association between calcifications and markers of small vessel disease using logistic regression models adjusted for demographics and cardiovascular risk factors.ResultsThe mean age of the 236 participants was 71 ± 8 years, and 139 (59%) were women. Computed tomography readings showed high calcium content in the carotid siphon in 64 individuals (27%), and magnetic resonance imaging showed moderate‐to‐severe white matter hyperintensities in 51 (30%) and lacunar infarcts in 28 (12%). In the univariate analysis, individuals with high calcium content were older and were more likely to have high fasting glucose levels than those with low calcium content. After adjusting for confounding variables, we found an independent association between high calcium content in the carotid siphon and moderate‐to‐severe white matter hyperintensities (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.1–4.9, P = 0.035) as well as lacunar infarcts (OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.3–7.6, P = 0.013).ConclusionsThe present study shows a direct relationship between calcium content in the carotid siphon and silent small vessel disease in an indigenous Latin American population. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16: 1063–1067.
Do PT and APTT sensitivities to factors' deficiencies calculated by the H47‐A2 2008 CLSI guideline reflect the deficiencies found in plasmas from patients?
Authors: Martinuzzo M. , Barrera L. , Rodriguez M. , D'Adamo M. A. , López M. S. , Otaso J. C. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryIntroductionProthrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) sensitivity for detecting isolated factor deficiencies varies with different reagents and coagulometers. The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) H47A2 guideline proposed a method to calculate these sensitivities, but some inconsistency has been reported. This study aimed to calculate factor sensitivities using CLSI guideline and to compare them with those obtained from single factor‐deficient patients' data.MethodsDifferent mixtures of normal pooled and deficient plasmas were prepared (<1IU/dL to 100 IU/dL) according to the CLSI H47A2 guideline. PT with rabbit brain (RB) and human recombinant (HR) thromboplastins, APTT and factors' activities were measured in an ACL TOP coagulometer. Sensitivities (maximum factor concentration that produces PT or APTT values out of the reference range) were calculated from mixtures and from patients with single‐factor deficiencies: 17 factor FV, 36 FVII, 19 FX, 39 FVIII, 15 FIX 15 FXI and 24 FXII.ResultsPT sensitivity with RB was as follows: FV 38 and 59, FVII 35 and 58, FX 56 and 64 IU/dL; PT sensitivity with HR was as follows: FV 39 and 45, FVII 51 and 50, FX 33 and 61 IU/dL; and APTT sensitivity was as follows: FV 39 and 45, FX 32 and 38, FVIII 47 and 60, FIX 35 and 44, FXI 33 and 43, FXII 37 and 46 IU/dL, respectively.ConclusionsReagent–coagulometer combination has adequate sensitivities to factor deficiencies according to guideline recommendations (>30 IU/dL). These should not be considered as actual sensitivities because those obtained by analysing patients' plasmas with single‐factor deficiencies were higher for most factors and could induce misinterpretation of the basic coagulation test results.