bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stable implicit numerical algorithm of time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau theory coupled with thermal effect for vortex behaviors in hybrid superconductor systems
Authors: Wang Qing-Yu , Xue Cun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Hybrid multi-superconducting structures exist in a variety of superconducting devices, such as superconductor–insulator–superconductor multilayer structure in superconducting radio-frequency cavities, bilayer structures in superconducting electronic devices, and superconducting wires. Investigating the vortex dynamics at microscopic scale is crucial for applications of hybrid superconducting structures.The time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau (TDGL) theory is a powerful tool for describing the vortex dynamics in superconductors through the order parameter

ψ

and vector potential A. However, the difference in order parameter

ψ

, coherence length

ξ

, and GL parameters

κ

among the components of hybrid systems will bring significant challenges to numerical simulation of TDGL equations. Meanwhile, the energy dissipation associated with vortex motion necessitates considering the thermal effects on vortex dynamics. In this paper, we introduce an efficient, stable, and parallel implicit finite-difference algorithm, implemented on GPU, for coupling the TDGL and thermal diffusion equations for hybrid structures. Linearization of nonlinear source terms is applied to TDGL-II to enhance the stability of algorithm. The iterative Jacobi method is applied to the generalized TDGL-I. Alternating direction implicit methods combined with tridiagonal matrix method or CTDMA are used to solve TDGL-II and heat diffusion equations with different boundary conditions. This algorithm enables us to explore the vortex dynamics with associated thermal effects of mesoscopic large hybrid multi-superconducting structures within reasonable amounts of computational time. Our approach aids in revealing and understanding the underlying physical mechanisms behind the collective response of vortices, and contributes to the mastery, adjustment, and optimization of superconductivities in hybrid structures.
Fate of localization features in a one-dimensional non-Hermitian flat-band lattice with quasiperiodic modulations
Authors: Liu Hui , Lu Zhanpeng , Xia Xu , Xu Zhihao 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We investigate the influence of quasiperiodic modulations on one-dimensional non-Hermitian diamond lattices with an artificial magnetic flux θ that possess flat bands. Our study shows that the symmetry of these modulations and the magnetic flux θ play a pivotal role in shaping the localization properties of the system. When θ = 0, the non-Hermitian lattice exhibits a single flat band in the crystalline case, and symmetric as well as antisymmetric modulations can induce accurate mobility edges. In contrast, when

θ
=
π

, the clean diamond lattice manifests three dispersionless bands referred to as an ‘all-band-flat’ (ABF) structure, irrespective of the non-Hermitian parameter. The ABF structure restricts the transition from delocalized to localized states, as all states remain localized for any finite symmetric modulation. Our numerical calculations further unveil that the ABF system subjected to antisymmetric modulations exhibits multifractal-to-localized edges. Multifractal states are predominantly concentrated in the internal region of the spectrum. Additionally, we explore the case where θ lies within the range of

(
0
,
π
)

, revealing a diverse array of complex localization features. Finally, we propose a classical electrical circuit scheme to realize the non-Hermitian flat-band chain with quasiperiodic modulations.
Radioxenon beta-gamma coincidence efficiency for a SAUNA detector by Geant4 simulation
Authors: Zahran I , Ababneh E , Okoor S , Albqoor A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A simulation for SAUNA II detector was carried out using the GEANT4 platform. The results demonstrated the accuracy of the simulation, which was well consistent with the experimental results. The simulation was used to calculate the coincidence detection efficiency of each radioxenon isotope, as well as to calculate the resolution for conversion electron peaks. Furthermore, using a 137Cs point source, the simulation was also utilized to perform the beta detector calibration procedure in two scenarios: first, the 137Cs was placed close to the middle of the plastic scintillator, and second, the 137Cs was placed outside the NaI(Tl) detector. The results showed that the spectrum in the first case is better; the source is closer to the plastic detector, leading to maximum Compton scattering. In the second case, a line in the spectrum disappears, so a high-intensity source is needed. Several methods exist to determine the coincidence detection efficiency of the detector. The recommended approach is to determine the total detection efficiency for different regions of interest. The simulation was also used to investigate the effect of replacing helium with nitrogen as a xenon-carrier gas, with the nitrogen resulting in a slight improvement in coincidence detection efficiencies and conversion electron resolution.
Polarization converter integrated millimeter wave MIMO antenna for dual CP generation
Authors: Das Priyanka , Kundu Surajit 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This article provides a novel technique of generating both RHCP and LHCP waves from a CPW fed MIMO antenna over a wide frequency range 24.6–28.2 GHz by integrating it with a metasurface. The metasurface is designed as a broadband reflective cross-polarization converter working from 23–32.6 GHz. The metasurface is placed 1 mm below the MIMO antenna constituting orthogonally placed antenna elements. The impinging electromagnetic waves from the linearly polarized antenna are converted into circularly polarized waves when they get reflected from the metasurface and interfere with the radiated waves from the antenna. In order to decipher the underlying modal behaviours of the metasurface, characteristic mode analysis is utilized. Due to orthogonal orientation of the antennas, oppositely placed antennas exhibit the same type of polarization conversion while adjacently placed antennas exhibit opposite type of polarization conversion. This results in generation of both RHCP and LHCP waves from different elements of the MIMO antenna using the same metasurface at 5 G frequencies registering an axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) of 15.3%. With a diversity gain (DG) of better than 9.96 and an envelope correlation coefficient (CC) of less than 0.015, the proposed CP antenna exhibits strong MIMO performance. Prototypes of the antenna and the metasurface have been fabricated and measured for validating the simulated results.
Efficiently shape-selective synthesis of single crystal silver nanocube with the combination of HNO3/NaCl and reaction time for developing surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate
Authors: Do Phuong−Thao , Vo Khuong Quoc 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Shape control of noble nanomaterials has garnered significant attention in the past decade because niche applications rely on the relationship between the nanoparticle morphology and optical properties. Although many chemical methods have been reported, there is still a need for improvement in terms of uniformity, yields, and synthesis scale. This work exploited the novel modification approach based on the polyol method to control synthesis to obtain a high amount of single-crystal silver nanocubes (AgNCs) with relatively homogeneous sizes and edge lengths of approximately 100 nm. Furthermore, we have discovered the high effectiveness of controlling temperature conditions to examine the conversion from silver nanocubes to tetrahedron nanoparticles, which had been rarely studied before. These as-prepared AgNCs colloidal solutions were further used to develop the SERS substrate on the glass slide through the facile drop cast method. Additionally, through synthesis using ethylene glycol and redispersed in the ethanol solvent, the obtained AgNCs have a high probability coverage on the glass slide once natural evaporation technique to achieve a remarkable amplification effect and reproducibility behavior. It was explored that these substrates could significantly enhance the Raman signal of 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA), which is utilized as the probe molecule to assess the SERS behaviors. The enhancement factor (EF) of the SERS substrates prepared using AgNCs was approximately 3.6 × 106. The presence of 4-MBA could be detected with AgNCs in concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 10 mM, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 8.40 μM and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 25.46 μM. Through analyzing over 20 different spots on various AgNC substrates, synthesized with similar methods and conditions, the Raman signals of 4-MBA were almost unchanged, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) value of 5.81%, indicating that the SERS signal produced by AgNC substrates was highly reproducible. Based on the results, the SERS nanosubstrates developed with AgNCs could potentially be used to detect trace amounts of other harmful organic compounds.
Even- and odd-parity stabilities of black holes in Einstein-Aether gravity
Authors: Felice Antonio De , Mukohyama Shinji , Tsujikawa Shinji , Wang Anzhong , Zhang Chao 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In Einstein-Aether theories with a timelike unit vector field, we study the linear stability of static and spherically symmetric black holes against both even- and odd-parity perturbations.
For this purpose, we formulate a gauge-invariant black hole perturbation theory in the background Aether-orthogonal frame where the spacelike property of hypersurfaces orthogonal to the timelike Aether field is always maintained even inside the metric horizon. Using a short-wavelength approximation with large radial and angular momenta, we show that, in general, there are three dynamical degrees
of freedom arising from the even-parity sector besides two propagating degrees of freedom present in the odd-parity sector. The propagation speeds of even-parity perturbations and their no-ghost conditions coincide with those of tensor, vector, and scalar perturbations on the Minkowski background, while the odd sector contains tensor and vector modes with the same propagation speeds as those in the even-parity sector (and hence as those on the Minkowski background).
Thus, the consistent study of black hole perturbations in the Aether-orthogonal frame on static and spherically symmetric backgrounds does not add new small-scale stability conditions to those known for the Minkowski background in the literature.
High redshift LBGs from deep broadband imaging for future spectroscopic surveys
Authors: Ruhlmann-Kleider Vanina , Yèche Christophe , Magneville Christophe , Coquinot Henri , Armengaud Eric , Palanque-Delabrouille Nathalie , Raichoor Anand , Aguilar Jessica Nicole , Ahlen Steven , Arnouts Stéphane , Brooks David , Chaussidon Edmond , Claybaugh Todd , Dawson Kyle , de la Macorra Axel , Dey Arjun , Dey Biprateep , Doel Peter , Fanning Kevin , Ferraro Simone , Forero-Romero Jaime E. , Gontcho A Gontcho Satya , Gutierrez Gaston , Gwyn Stephen , Honscheid Klaus , Juneau Stephanie , Kehoe Robert , Kisner Theodore , Kremin Anthony , Lambert Andrew , Landriau Martin , Le Guillou Laurent , Levi Michael E. , Manera Marc , Martini Paul , Meisner Aaron , Miquel Ramon , Moustakas John , Mueller Eva-Maria , Muñoz-Gutiérrez Andrea , Newman Jeffrey A. , Nie Jundan , Niz Gustavo , Payerne Constantin , Picouet Vincent , Ravoux Corentin , Rezaie Mehdi , Rossi Graziano , Sanchez Eusebio , Sawicki Marcin , Schlafly Edward F. , Schlegel David , Schubnell Michael , Seo Hee-Jong , Silber Joseph , Sprayberry David , Taran Julien , Tarlé Gregory , Weaver Benjamin A. , White Martin , Wilson Michael J. , Zhou Zhimin , Zou Hu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Lyman break galaxies (LBGs) are promising probes for clustering measurements at high redshift, z > 2, a region only covered so far by Lyman-α forest measurements. In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of selecting LBGs
by exploiting the existence of a strong deficit of flux shortward of the Lyman limit, due to various absorption processes along the line of sight. The target selection relies on deep imaging data from the HSC and CLAUDS surveys in the g, r, z and u bands, respectively, with median depths reaching 27 AB in all bands.
The selections were validated by several dedicated spectroscopic observation campaigns with DESI. Visual inspection of spectra has enabled us to develop an automated spectroscopic typing and redshift estimation algorithm specific to LBGs. Based on these data and tools, we assess the efficiency and purity of target selections optimised for different purposes.
Selections providing a wide redshift coverage
retain 57% of the observed targets after spectroscopic confirmation with DESI, and provide an efficiency for LBGs of 83±3%, for a purity of the selected LBG sample of 90±2%. This would deliver a confirmed LBG density of ~ 620 deg-2 in the range 2.3 < z < 3.5 for a r-band limiting magnitude r < 24.2.
Selections optimised for high redshift efficiency
retain 73% of the observed targets after spectroscopic confirmation, with 89±4% efficiency for 97±2% purity. This would provide a confirmed LBG density of ~ 470 deg-2 in the range 2.8 < z < 3.5 for a r-band limiting magnitude r < 24.5.
A preliminary study of the LBG sample 3d-clustering properties is also presented and used to estimate the LBG linear bias. A value of b
LBG = 3.3 ± 0.2 (stat.) is obtained for a mean redshift of 2.9 and a limiting magnitude in r of 24.2, in agreement with results reported in the literature.
On the wormhole-warp drive correspondence
Authors: Garattini Remo , Zatrimaylov Kirill 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We propose a correspondence between the Morris-Thorne wormhole metric and a warp drive metric, which generalizes an earlier result by H. Ellis regarding the Schwarzschild black hole metric and makes it possible to embed a warp drive in a wormhole background. We demonstrate that in order to do that, one needs to also generalize the Natario-Alcubierre definition of warp drive and introduce nonzero intrinsic curvature. Surprisingly, we find out that Alcubierre warp drives cannot traverse Morris-Thorne wormholes; nonetheless, this “no-go” theorem does not extend to spherically symmetric warp drives that are not localized in space.
Enhanced power spectra from multi-field inflation
Authors: Christodoulidis Perseas , Gong Jinn-Ouk 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We investigate the enhancement of the power spectra large
enough to produce primordial black holes in models with multiple scalar fields.
We present analytic solutions for the perturbations in the case of constant turns without the need for an effective field theory for the first time and clarify the role of the Hubble friction that has been overlooked previously.
We derive the criteria for an arbitrary number of fields that can lead to an exponential amplification of the curvature perturbation on subhorizon scales, while leaving the perturbations stable on superhorizon scales. Finally, we apply our results to a three-field generalization of the “ultra-light” scenario and show how the presence of field-space torsion can yield distinct observables compared to the two-field case.
Investigation of the radial profile of galactic magnetic fields using rotation measure of background quasars
Authors: Burman Shivam , Sharma Paras , Malik Sunil , Singh Suprit 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Probing magnetic fields in high-redshift galactic systems is crucial to investigate galactic dynamics and evolution. Utilizing the rotation measure of the background quasars, we have developed a radial profile of the magnetic field in a typical high-z galaxy. We have compiled a catalog of 59 confirmed quasar sightlines, having one intervening Mg II absorber in the redshift range 0.372 ≤ z
abs ≤ 0.8. The presence of the foreground galaxy is ensured by comparing the photometric and spectroscopic redshifts within 3σ
z-photo and visual checks. These quasar line-of-sights (LoS) pass through various impact parameters (D) up to 160 kpc, covering the circumgalactic medium of a typical Milky-Way type galaxy. Utilizing the residual rotation measure (RRM) of these sightlines, we estimated the excess in RRM dispersion, σ
ex
RRM. We found σ
ex
RRM decreases with increasing D. We translated σ
ex
RRM to average LoS magnetic field strength, 〈 B
∥ 〉 by considering a typical electron column density. Consequently, the decreasing trend is sustained in the magnetic field. In particular for sightlines with D ≤ 50 kpc and D> 50 kpc, 〈 B
∥ 〉 is found to be 2.39 ± 0.7 μG and 1.67 ± 0.38 μG, respectively. This suggests a clear indication of varying magnetic field from the disk to the circumgalactic medium. This work provides a methodology that, when applied to ongoing and future radio polarisation surveys such as LOFAR and SKA, promises to significantly enhance our understanding of magnetic field mapping in galactic systems.
Strain tunable excitonic optical properties in monolayer Ga2O3
Authors: Cui 崔 Hao-Lei 浩磊 , Quan 权 Zhen 真 , Wang 王 Shu-Dong 舒东 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) Ga2O3 has been confirmed to be a stable structure with five atomic layer thickness configuration. In this work, we study the quasi-particle electronic band structures and then access the excitonic optical properties through solving the Bethe–Salpeter equation (BSE). The results reveal that the exciton dominates the optical absorption in the visible light region with the binding energy as large as ∼ 1.0 eV, which is highly stable at room temperature. Importantly, both the dominant absorption P1 and P2 peaks are optically bright without dark exciton between them, and thus is favorable for luminescence process. The calculated radiative lifetime of the lowest-energy exciton is 2.0×10−11 s at 0 K. Furthermore, the radiative lifetime under +4% tensile strain is one order of magnitude shorter than that of the strain-free case, while it is less insensitive under the compressive strain. Our findings set the stage for future theoretical and experimental investigation on monolayer Ga2O3.
A comparative study of crystal geometry, material, and reconstruction algorithms on MicroPET scanner performance
Authors: Sadremomtaz Alireza , Taherparvar Payvand , Saber Mohaddeseh 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Small-animal PET, also known as microPET, has been developed
to enhance image quality by improving spatial resolution and
sensitivity due to its smaller ring and crystal size. However, the
reduction of crystal size and the presence of gaps between cuboidal
crystals could reduce sensitivity. MicroPET with tapered arrays has
been developed to simultaneously improve sensitivity and spatial
resolution. This study compared the performance of 14 × 14
and 28 × 28 array microPETs using LSO and CZT crystal
materials. The impact of crystal design and reconstruction
algorithms on image quality and performance parameters was
investigated, using GATE Monte Carlo simulation toolkit. The
findings showed that sensitivity increased with crystal thickness,
particularly in LSO. The 14 × 14 arrays consistently
exhibited higher sensitivity, while the 28 × 28 arrays had
superior spatial resolution. NECR values increased with crystal
thickness, with LSO outperforming CZT. Scatter and random fractions
were low. Different reconstruction algorithms had negligible effects
on FWHM and CNR but influenced SNR, with the COSEM algorithm
achieving significantly reduced noise. The small size of crystals
and tapered arrays contributed to improved sensitivity and spatial
resolution. However, there was a trade-off between sensitivity and
spatial resolution. LSO crystals showed better performance, but the
choice between array sizes depended on specific imaging
requirements. This study provides insights into optimizing microPET
design for enhanced imaging capabilities.
Glycerol-blended chitosan membranes with directional micro-grooves and reduced stiffness improve Schwann cell wound healing
Authors: Scaccini L , Battisti A , Convertino D , Puppi D , Gagliardi M , Cecchini M , Tonazzini I 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Regenerative medicine is continuously looking for new natural, biocompatible and possibly biodegradable materials, but also mechanically compliant. Chitosan is emerging as a promising FDA-approved biopolymer for tissue engineering, however, its exploitation in regenerative devices is limited by its brittleness and can be further improved, for example by blending it with other materials or by tuning its superficial microstructure. Here, we developed membranes made of chitosan (Chi) and glycerol, by solvent casting, and micro-patterned them with directional geometries having different levels of axial symmetry. These membranes were characterized by light microscopies, atomic force microscopy (AFM), by thermal, mechanical and degradation assays, and also tested in vitro as scaffolds with Schwann cells (SCs). The glycerol-blended Chi membranes are optimized in terms of mechanical properties, and present a physiological-grade Young’s modulus (≈0.7 MPa). The directional topographies are effective in directing cell polarization and migration and in particular are highly performant substrates for collective cell migration. Here, we demonstrate that a combination of a soft compliant biomaterial and a topographical micropatterning can improve the integration of these scaffolds with SCs, a fundamental step in the peripheral nerve regeneration process.
Assessment of artificial bone materials with different structural pore sizes obtained from 3D printed polycaprolactone/β-tricalcium phosphate (3D PCL/β-TCP)
Authors: Qianjuan Zhao , Rong Shan , Shengxi Liu , Xuanhao Liu , Bin Liu , Fuxiang Song 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Artificial bone is the alternative candidate for the bone defect treatment under the circumstance that there exits enormous challenge to remedy the bone defect caused by attributes like trauma and tumors. However, the impact of pore size discrepancy for regulating new bone generation is still ambiguous. Using direct 3D printing technology, customized 3D polycaprolactone/β-tricalcium phosphate (PCL/β-TCP) artificial bones with different structural pore sizes (1.8, 2.0, 2.3, 2.5, and 2.8 mm) were successfully prepared, abbreviated as the 3D PCL/β-TCP. 3D PCL/β-TCP exhibited a 3D porous structure morphology similar to natural bone and possessed outstanding mechanical properties. Computational fluid dynamics analysis indicated that as the structural pore size increased from 1.8 to 2.8 mm, both velocity difference (from 4.64 × 10−5 to 7.23 × 10−6 m s−1) and depressurization (from 7.17 × 10−2 to 2.25 × 10−2 Pa) decreased as the medium passed through. In vitro biomimetic mineralization experiments confirmed that 3D PCL/β-TCP artificial bones could induce calcium–phosphate complex generation within 4 weeks. Moreover, CCK-8 and Calcein AM live cell staining experiments demonstrated that 3D PCL/β-TCP artificial bones with different structural pore sizes exhibited advantageous cell compatibility, promoting MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation and adhesion. In vivo experiments in rats further indicated that 3D PCL/β-TCP artificial bones with different structural pore sizes promoted new bone formation, with the 2.5 mm group showing the most significant effect. In conclusion, 3D PCL/β-TCP artificial bone with different structural pore sizes could promote new bone formation and 2.5 mm group was the recommended for the bone defect repair.