bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Progress in Full Scale Fatigue Test of PZL-130 "Orlik" TC-II Structure
Authors: Reymer Piotr , Leski Andrzej , Dragan Krzysztof 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
This article presents preparation of the Full Scale Fatigue Test of the PZL-130 "Orlik" TC-II. After completing the flight load acquisition stage [1] a load block representing 200 Simulated Flight Hours in 194 flights was developed. This load block was further modified in order to introduce fatigue markers on the crack surface [2] visible during Quantitative Fractography, planned to take place during the Teardown Inspection of the structure after completion of the test. Meanwhile, the test rig along with the loading system and the test specimen were prepared at Výzkumný a Zkušební Letecký Ústav (VZLU, Prague, Czech Republic). The test specimen, consisting of the overhauled fuselage, modernized wings and the landing gear, was instrumented with the identical strain gauge measuring system as presented in [3], which was calibrated before the commencement of fatigue testing. Finally, some preliminary issues encountered during the fatigue test startup were highlighted and the outline for future work was described
Pattern of Pediatric Poisoning and Accident in Patan Hospital
Authors: Chhetri Uma Devi , Ansari I , Shrestha S 
Published: May 2013

Background Kerosene, drugs, pesticides are chemicals used in home and farms. But because of parents’ or caretakers’ negligence; accidents and poisoning in children may take life of a child. Objective To study the common causes and outcome of pediatric accident and poisoning cases admitted in Patan Hospital.Method A prospective (2068-69) and retrospective (2066-67) studies of pediatric accident and poisoning cases admitted in Patan Hospital (2066-chaitra 2069) were done. Result Out of 44 registered cases total 35 cases were collected in last 4 years. Twenty one in prospective and 14 in retrospective study. Male female ratio was 1.2:1. Most vulnerable age group was 1-5 years (21) and 11-15 yrs (8). Most common poison was pesticide (11), kerosene (9) and drugs (7). Twenty percent were suicidal, 3% were homicidal and rest was accidental. Suicidal poisoning was common in 11-14 years. Accidental poisoning was: taking kerosene from mineral water bottle for water. Small children took drugs and pesticides due its easy availability or careless storing. Five common accidents were near drowning (2), hot water scald, hanging and fall from height. Outcome was 2 expired; 1 Organo-phosphorous and 1 food poisoning. Mortality was 6%. One hanging survived as vegetation. Conclusion Accident and poisoning are preventable. We need to make our home and surrounding poison and accident proof. Small children should never be left unattended. Drugs, pesticides, hot things, and sharp instruments should be kept out of reach of children and in child proof container in separate places. Pesticide should not be sold to children. Kathmandu University Medical Journal | VOL.10 | NO. 3 | ISSUE 39 | JUL- SEP 2012 | Page 39-43 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v10i3.8016
Phaeochromocytoma in Nepal – A Single Centre Experience
Authors: Maskey Pukar , Shrestha GK , Luitel BR , Gupta DK , Sidarth - , Chalise PR , Sharma UK , Gyawali PR , Joshi BR 
Published: May 2013

Background Phaeochromocytomas are rare tumors of chromaffin cells of neural crest that classically present with symptoms of catecholamine excess such as palpitations, headache and sweating. They are diagnosed by measuring plasma or urinary levels of catecholamines or their metabolites. Anatomic localization is done by computed tomographic scan or magnetic resonance imaging, or meta-iodobenzyl guanidine scan in certain cases. Adequate preoperative catecholamine blockade prevents perioperative hemodynamic instability. Objectives To study the clinical spectrum and management of phaeochromocytomas in a tertiary care centre, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, in Nepal. Methods Retrospective review of case records of histologically proven cases of phaeochromocytomas from 2008 -2011 was done, and data collected on clinical spectrum, diagnostic modalities, perioperative management and follow-up. Results Tweleve cases of phaeochromocytomas were operated. The mean age was 36.41±14.07 years. There were 2 bilateral phaeochromocytomas and 1 extra-adrenal paraganglioma. Apart from the common symptoms of catecholamine excess, patients had atypical presentations like psychiatric manifestations and blurred vision. A combination of urinary Vanillyl Mandelic Acid and computed tomographic scan was used for diagnosis, and open surgery was done in all cases. Pre-operative blood pressure control was achieved by prazocin or calcium channel blockers. Ten patients had intraoperative surge in blood pressure. There were no major morbidity or mortality. Three patients had high blood pressure post-operatively, but were effectively managed with antihypertensives. Conclusion Phaeochromocytomas can have variable presentation. Good preoperative preparation and perioperative management can result in an excellent outcome. Kathmandu University Medical Journal | VOL.10 | NO. 3 | ISSUE 39 | JUL- SEP 2012 | Page 52-55 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v10i3.8020
Depression Among Undergraduate Medical Students
Authors: Basnet Bibhusan , Jaiswal M , Adhikari B , Shyangwa PM 
Published: May 2013

Background Psychological stress is common in medical school and associated with depression. Medical education is grooming in Nepal, but only few studies are done concerning mental health of medical students. Objective To assess the prevalence of depression among medical students at different levels of education and find about their stressors. Methods A cross sectional, questionnaire-based survey was carried out among the undergraduate medical students of B.P.Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Nepal. 50 students each from Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) first and third year were enrolled in the study conducted between November 2008 to January2009. The depression levels were assessed using Zung depression scale. Students were asked to complete the questionnaire and then the depression levels calculated .The stress inducing factors during their course of medical education were also assessed. Results The overall prevalence of depression among the students was 29.78 percent. The prevalence of depression in first and third year was 36.74and 22.22 percent respectively. The prevalence of depression was 32.43 percent among female students versus 28.07 percent in male students. Both first and third year students gave high ratings to academic stress and hectic lifestyle as the main stress inducing factors. Conclusion The prevalence of depression is seen especially in the first year medical students. So, attempts should be made to alleviate the stressors right from the time they join medical school. Since academic stress proved to be one of the major factors, measures to make the academic curriculum more student-friendly are suggested. Kathmandu University Medical Journal | VOL.10 | NO. 3 | ISSUE 39 | JUL- SEP 2012 | Page 56-59 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v10i3.8021
Le mépris des formes. Action publique, esthétique contemporaine et culture juvénile
Authors: Le Moigne Philippe 
Published: May 2013

«A hearing For legitimate provocation»
Public action, contemporary aesthetics and youth culture
This article looks at the diverse logistics which provide a back-up, both from the state and local authorities to the public plebiscite of contemporary art. These aesthetic, radical and iconoclastic canons have a great deal in common with both the past and present forms of youth culture. However, the territories of these two cultures only very rarely overlap. Young people's creative achievements, when simply labelled as «dangerous self-expression» nevertheless continue to be associated with private, commercial and «intimist» business. On the other hand, public promotion of the visual arts relates rather more to a «fashionable radicalism» ; it contributes to a hearing for legitimate provocation, leading to tensions but also to a reappraisal of cultural qualifications and skills.
L'ethnicité chez les jeunes Réunionnais
Authors: Labache  Lucette 
Published: May 2013

La etnicidad en los jóvenes de la isla de la Reunion
La busca de la identidad en una sociedad de pluralidad cultural y etnicitaria sólo se puede acompañar de varios planteamientos de investigación relativos a la noción de pertenencia colectiva. A lo largo de este artículo nos interesamos, mediante un análisis transgeneracional, por algunos indicadores de etnicidad en los jóvenes de la isla de la Reunión.
Temps et chronotope dans le théâtre d'aujourd'hui en Bosnie-Herzégovine
Authors: Miletić-Oručević Tanja 
Published: May 2013

Vrijeme i hronotop u najnovijoj bosanskohercegovačkoj dramaturgiji

Na primjerima četiri suvremene drame različite poetike i dramskog izraza govori se о drami kao historiografiji u «vremenu koje je iskočilo iz zgloba».
Najznakovitije vezana za tradiciju jeste drama Zlatana Hadžidedića Pad, velika srednjo- vijekovna historijska freska koja problematizira pad Bosne, neosporno dramatičan period, relativno slabo dokumentiran, ali zato još uvijek bogato polje rasprava о etničkim «korijenima». U Zvornikuja sam ostavio svoje srce Abdulaha Sidrana ima temu tragedije stradanja Bošnjaka u Podrinju, s elementima martirologije i nacionalno-romantičarskog patosa i ambivalentnim odnosom prema tradiciji. Almir Imširević pokušava dešifrirati socijalističku i pionirsku mladost, prešućene zločine i uzaludne pobune u komadu Balkanski đavo Sram. Almir Bašović u Priviđenjima iz srebrnog vijeka upušta se u pokušaj razumijevanja srebre- ničke tragedije, dolazeći do tragedije mislećeg subjekta pred zločinom, šutnjom i apsurdom.
Navedene drame su analizirane uz pomoć hronotopa kao osnovne kategorije, i to mehaničkog, funkcionalnog/semantičkog i manirističkog hronotopa (tipologija Dževada Kara- hasana, razvijena iz književno-teorijske misli Mihaila Bahtina).
Engagement politique, nausée organique et sentimentalisme du désespoir
Authors: Vojvodic Radmila 
Published: May 2013

Politički angažman, organska mučnina i sentimentalizam beznađa

Autor ovog eseja je u dvostrukoj i dvosmislenoj poziciji - kao reditelj savremenik istovremeno je i izvan i unutar predmeta istraživanja. Istražujući na temama koje prakticira dramska književnost u vakuumu dezintegrisanog postkomunističkog ambijenta eks-jugo- slovenskog društva na razmeđu dva vijeka, razaznaje zanimljiva tematska ukrštanja i akcentuje specifičnu sračunatost dramaturške konstrukcije na angažman. Ovaj angažman prividno potiskuje zainteresovanost da mijenja svijet i svijest čovjeka kome se obraća, viđenje svijeta je formirano u sadašnjici nad kojom je autor zabrinut, koju ne razumije, u kojoj se ne snalazi, prema kojoj je u besperspektivnom otpora.
Dramatičarev postupak «skalpel - olovkom» svjedoči о vlastitom vremenu i prostoru zagušenom politikom, obično postavljajući politiku kao objekt demistifikacije u pozorištu. Angažman koji koketuje s nemogućnošću angažmana kao strukturalni elemenat drame raspo- znat je kao osobenost ove nove južnoevropske drame.
Za primjere su uzeti tekstovi: Otpad Ljubomira Durkovića, Cigla i Ptičice Filipa Šovagovića, Porodične priče i Pad Biljane Srbljanović i Cirkus Inferno Almira Imširevića.
Les phonèmes vocaliques « indécidables » du russe : essai de réinterprétation
Authors: Comtet Maurice Roger 
Published: May 2013

Гласные «непроверяемые» фонемы русского языка : опыт переосмысления вопроса

Согласно традиции в области правописания русского языка Московская фонологическая школа выявляет гласные звуки одной и той же морфемы в ударной позиции или «сильной» позиции, используя при необходимости системы словообразования и флекции. Но когда гласный не может находиться под ударением, как например, в слове волость, такая фонема является «непроверяемой». В настоящей работе предложены два дополнительных метода, направленные на сокращение подобных случаев и помогающие выйти за рамки узкого структурализма.
1. Использование исторически возникших чередований (полногласие ≈ неполногласие) типа влáсть ≈ вóло?сть. Благодаря общей семе {владеть}, влáсть и вóло?сть являются алломорфами. По аналогии с формой молодóй ≈ младóй, млáд, млáдший, в которой гласные звукосочетания оло соответствуют фонеме /о/ (см. мóлод, молóже), можно считать, что вóлость = /v°ol°os°t´. При отсутствии краткой формы, можно обратиться к южнославянским вариантам (см. ко? рóва = /kor°ov°a/, исходя из формы крава. Здесь мы основываемся на историческом и языковом родстве.
2. Использование фонетических реализаций. Слово игрá соответствует форме /igr°a/ от /igr°/, где начальное /У произносится как [і] «среднее»; подобная взаимно однозначная связь дает основание считать, что и?кра = /ikr°a/ на основании реализации [ikra:]. Такой фонетический подход применим и к другим «непроверяемым» гласным, и это заставляет пересмотреть вопрос о границах между фонологией и фонетикой.
Почему мантифолия с уксусом?
Authors: Ganapolskaya Elena V. 
Published: May 2013

What is 'мантифолия' and Why is it with Vinegar ('с уксусом')?

The article is dedicated to the meaning of expression 'мантифолия с уксусом', used by Anton Čexov in his Ward № 6. The research also shows that this expression is very significant for the psychological portrait of one of the central characters of the story – Dr. Xobotov.
At first sight the expression 'мантифолия с уксусом' is the author's contamination of two French idioms (folie mantique and manteau (habit) (doublé) de vinaigre). However the appearing of every fact of the language has several reasons. So analyzing the process of 'мантифолия с уксусом' formation we took in consideration the functioning and evolution of several other words and expressions, connected by numerous associations in the system of Russian language.
Survival and Causes of Death in an Unselected and Complete Cohort of Norwegian Patients with Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Hoffmann-Vold Anna-Maria , Molberg Øyvind , Midtvedt Øyvind , Garen Torhild , Gran Jan Tore 
Published: May 2013

Objective.To determine survival and causes of death in an unselected and complete cohort of Norwegian patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) compared to the background population.Methods.Multiple methods were used to identify every patient with SSc living in southeast Norway, with a denominator population of 2,707,012, between 1999 and 2009. All patients who met either the American College of Rheumatology criteria or the Medsger and LeRoy criteria for SSc were included. Every patient was matched for sex and age with 15 healthy controls drawn from the national population registry. Vital status at January 1, 2010, was provided for patients and controls by the national population registry. Causes of death were obtained from death certificates and by chart review.Results.Forty-three (14%) of 312 patients with SSc died during the study period. The standardized mortality rate (SMR) was estimated to be 2.03 for the entire cohort and 5.33 for the subgroup with diffuse cutaneous (dc) SSc. The 5- and 10-year survival rates were 91% and 70%, respectively, for dcSSc and 98% and 93% for limited cutaneous (lc) SSc. Causes of death were related to SSc in 24/43 (56%) patients, mostly cardiopulmonary diseases (n = 13), including pulmonary hypertension (n = 8). Factors associated with fatal outcome included male sex, dcSSc, pulmonary hypertension, and interstitial lung disease.Conclusion.Compared to the Norwegian background population, our cohort of 312 unselected patients with SSc had decreased survival. The survival rates observed were, however, better than those previously reported from SSc referral centers.
Dans l'esprit du PageRank
Authors: Cardon Dominique 
Published: May 2013

L’algorithme du moteur de recherche de Google, le PageRank, est une machine morale. Il enferme un système de valeurs, donnant la prééminence à ceux qui ont été jugé méritants par les autres, et déploie une volonté : faire du web un espace où l’échange des mérites n’est ni freiné ni déformé. En revenant sur les origines du PageRank en sociométrie et en scientométrie, cet article dégage les principales propriétés épistémiques d’un système de mesure de l’autorité des documents qui s’appuie sur les liens hypertextes que s’échangent les pages du web. Une condition essentielle de sa pertinence, décrite par les modèles statistiques qui fondent la thèse de la « sagesse des foules », est de présupposer que l’outil qui enregistre les comportements des internautes soit extérieur au monde qu’il mesure. Google a mis en place un ensemble de règles pour satisfaire cette condition : séparer le référencement naturel et les liens sponsorisés, ne pas toucher à la main l’algorithme, encourager les internautes à ne pas agir en fonction de l’algorithme. Mais la massification des usages du web et la multiplication des stratégies des internautes pour se faire voir de l’algorithme rendent de plus en plus fragile l’ordre que le PageRank a imposé au web.
Gouvernementalité algorithmique et perspectives d'émancipation
Authors: Rouvroy Antoinette , Berns Thomas 
Published: May 2013

La gouvernementalité algorithmique se caractérise notamment par le double mouvement suivant : a) l’abandon de toute forme d’« échelle », d’« étalon », de hiérarchie, au profit d’une normativité immanente et évolutive en temps réel, dont émerge un « double statistique » du monde et qui semble faire table rase des anciennes hiérarchies dessinée par l’homme normal ou l’homme moyen ; b) l’évitement de toute confrontation avec les individus dont les occasions de subjectivation se trouvent raréfiées. Ce double mouvement nous paraît le fruit de la focalisation de la statistique contemporaine sur les relations. Nous tentons d’évaluer dans quelle mesure ces deux aspects de la « gouvernementalité algorithmique » ainsi dessinée, avec l’appui qu’elle se donne sur les seules relations, pourraient être favorables, d’une part, à des processus d’individuation par la relation (Simondon) et, d’autre part, à l’émergence de formes de vie nouvelles sous la forme du dépassement du plan d’organisation par le plan d’immanence (Deleuze-Guattari). Par cette confrontation aux principales philosophies contemporaines de la relation, il apparaît alors qu’une pensée du devenir et des processus d’individuation par la relation réclame nécessairement du « disparate » - une hétérogénéïté des ordres de grandeur, une multiplicité des régimes d’existence - que la gouvernementalité algorithmique ne cesse précisément d’étouffer en clôturant le réel (numérisé) sur lui-même. La gouvernementalité algorithmique tend plutôt à forclore de telles perspectives d’émancipation en repliant les processus d’individuation sur la monade subjective.
Blockade of Programmed Death-1 in Young (New Zealand Black × New Zealand White)F1 Mice Promotes the Suppressive Capacity of CD4+ Regulatory T Cells Protecting from Lupus-like Disease
Authors: Wong Maida , La Cava Antonio , Hahn Bevra H. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Programmed death-1 (PD-1) usually acts as a negative signal for T cell activation, and its expression on CD8+Foxp3+ T cells is required for their suppressive capacity. In this study, we show that PD-1 signaling is required for the maintenance of functional regulatory CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (CD4+ Treg) that can control autoimmunity in (New Zealand Black × New Zealand White)F1 lupus mice. PD-1 signaling induced resistance to apoptosis and prolonged the survival of CD4+ Treg. In vivo, the blockade of PD-1 with a neutralizing Ab reduced PD-1 expression on CD4+ Treg (PD1loCD4+ Treg). PD1loCD4+ Treg had an increased ability to promote B cell apoptosis and to suppress CD4+ Th as compared with CD4+ Treg with elevated PD-1 expression (PD1hiCD4+ Treg). When PD-1 expression on CD4+ Treg was blocked in vitro, PD1loCD4+ Treg suppressed B cell production of IgG and anti-dsDNA Ab. Finally, in vitro studies showed that the suppressive capacity of CD4+ Treg depended on PD-1 expression and that a fine-tuning of the expression of this molecule directly affected cell survival and immune suppression. These results indicate that PD-1 expression has multiple effects on different immune cells that directly contribute to a modulation of autoimmune responses.
Altered Immunity and Dendritic Cell Activity in the Periphery of Mice after Long-Term Engraftment with Bone Marrow from Ultraviolet-Irradiated Mice
Authors: Ng Royce L. X. , Scott Naomi M. , Strickland Deborah H. , Gorman Shelley , Grimbaldeston Michele A. , Norval Mary , Waithman Jason , Hart Prue H. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Alterations to dendritic cell (DC) progenitors in the bone marrow (BM) may contribute to long-lasting systemic immunosuppression (&gt;28 d) following exposure of the skin of mice to erythemal UV radiation (UVR). DCs differentiated in vitro from the BM of mice 3 d after UVR (8 kJ/m2) have a reduced capacity to initiate immunity (both skin and airways) when adoptively transferred into naive mice. Studies in IL-10−/− mice suggested that UV-induced IL-10 was not significantly involved. To investigate the immune capabilities of peripheral tissue DCs generated in vivo from the BM of UV-irradiated mice, chimeric mice were established. Sixteen weeks after reconstitution, contact hypersensitivity responses were significantly reduced in mice reconstituted with BM from UV-irradiated mice (UV-chimeric). When the dorsal skin of UV-chimeric mice was challenged with innate inflammatory agents, the hypertrophy induced in the draining lymph nodes was minimal and significantly less than that measured in control-chimeric mice challenged with the same inflammatory agent. When DCs were differentiated from the BM of UV-chimeric mice using FLT3 ligand or GM-CSF + IL-4, the cells maintained a reduced priming ability. The diminished responses in UV-chimeric mice were not due to different numerical or proportional reconstitution of BM or the hematopoietic cells in blood, lymph nodes, and skin. Erythemal UVR may imprint a long-lasting epigenetic effect on DC progenitors in the BM and alter the function of their terminally differentiated progeny.
Age-Associated Increase of Low-Avidity Cytomegalovirus-Specific CD8+ T Cells That Re-Express CD45RA
Authors: Griffiths Stephen J. , Riddell Natalie E. , Masters Joanne , Libri Valentina , Henson Sian M. , Wertheimer Anne , Wallace Diana , Sims Stuart , Rivino Laura , Larbi Anis , Kemeny David M. , Nikolich-Zugich Janko , Kern Florian , Klenerman Paul , Emery Vince C. , Akbar Arne N. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The mechanisms regulating memory CD8+ T cell function and homeostasis during aging are unclear. CD8+ effector memory T cells that re-express CD45RA increase considerably in older humans and both aging and persistent CMV infection are independent factors in this process. We used MHC class I tetrameric complexes that were mutated in the CD8 binding domain to identify CMV-specific CD8+ T cells with high Ag-binding avidity. In individuals who were HLA-A*0201, CD8+ T cells that expressed CD45RA and were specific for the pp65 protein (NLVPMVATV epitope) had lower avidity than those that expressed CD45RO and demonstrated decreased cytokine secretion and cytolytic potential after specific activation. Furthermore, low avidity NLVPMVATV-specific CD8+ T cells were significantly increased in older individuals. The stimulation of blood leukocytes with CMV lysate induced high levels of IFN-α that in turn induced IL-15 production. Moreover, the addition of IL-15 to CD45RA−CD45RO+ CMV-specific CD8+ T cells induced CD45RA expression while Ag activated cells remained CD45RO+. This raises the possibility that non-specific cytokine–driven accumulation of CMV-specific CD8+CD45RA+ T cells with lower Ag-binding avidity may exacerbate the effects of viral reactivation on skewing the T cell repertoire in CMV-infected individuals during aging.