bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biological variability of human intraepithelial lymphocytes throughout the human gastrointestinal tract in health and coeliac disease
Authors: Fiz‐López Aida , De Prado Ángel , Arribas‐Rodríguez Elisa , García‐Alonso Francisco Javier , Izquierdo Sandra , Martín‐Muñoz Álvaro , Garrote José A. , Arranz Eduardo , Barrio Jesús , Fernández‐Salazar Luis , Bernardo David 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundIntraepithelial lymphocytes are the first line of defence of the human intestinal immune system. Besides, their composition is altered on patients with coeliac disease (CD), so they are considered as biomarkers with utility on their diagnose and/or monitoring. Our aim is to address their variability through the human gastrointestinal tract in health and characterized them in further depth in the coeliac duodenum.MethodsIntraepithelial lymphocytes were isolated from human gastric, duodenal, ileal and colonic biopsies, then stained with specific antibodies and acquired by flow cytometry.ResultsOur results confirmed that the profile of Intraepithelial lymphocytes change through the length of the human gastrointestinal tract. Besides and given the central role that Interleukin‐15 (IL‐15) elicits on CD pathogenesis; we also assessed the expression of its receptor revealing that there was virtually no functional IL‐15 receptor on duodenal Intraepithelial lymphocytes. Nevertheless and contrary to our expectations, the active IL‐15 receptor was not increased either on Intraepithelial lymphocytes from CD patients.ConclusionsIL‐15 might require additional stimulus to activate intraepithelial lymphocytes. These findings may provide novel tools to aid on a CD diagnosis and/or monitoring, at the time that provide the bases to perform functional studies in order of getting a deeper insight in the specific function that Intraepithelial lymphocytes elicit on CD pathogenesis.
GeoPick ‐ A web application for georeferencing natural history collections following best practices
Authors: Marcer Arnald , Escobar Agustí , Chapman Arthur D. , Wieczorek John R. 
Published: August 2024

Georeferencing is a key process in the digitization of natural history collections as it assigns spatial coordinates to preserved specimen collecting locations, facilitating their use in ecological, evolutionary and conservation research. Georeference data in public repositories such as GBIF is often missing or incomplete, jeopardising their use in research and limiting the return on investment made by public institutions. Despite the existence of guidelines for best practices for georeferencing and widely accepted standards for biodiversity data, there is a lack of a simple yet effective software tool that offers the implementation of both concepts. We present GeoPick with the aim to offer the collections community a standards‐compliant tool that eases the georeferencing process, making it more cost‐effective, and which, by applying best practices, contributes to the betterment of the occurrence data in public repositories. GeoPick also offers the possibility of collaboration between users and institutions through the sharing of georeferences. The tool is hosted by GBIF at https://geopick.gbif.org, and is open source. Its code is available at a public GitHub repository (https://github.com/rtdeb/GeoPick).Keywords: Darwin Core, georeferencing, natural history collections, point‐radius method, web application, Well Known Text Format, WKT
What lies behind melasma: a review of the related skin microenvironment
Authors: Gu Duoduo , Pan Ruoxin , Meng Xiaoqi , Liu Tingwei , Zhong Hui , Chen Nuoran , Xu Yang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMelasma is an acquired chronic pigmentary disorder affecting millions of individuals worldwide. However, the pathogenesis of melasma remains unclear. This article provides a comprehensive review of the pathophysiological changes occurring in the skin microenvironment of melasma lesions, which can be summarized as follows: (1) skin barrier dysfunction and abnormal synthesis, transport, and intracellular distribution of melanin in the epidermis; (2) basement membrane damage; (3) solar elastosis, vascular changes, senescent fibroblasts, mast cell infiltration, and sebocyte participation in the dermis; and (4) systemic factors such as sex hormones and oxidative stress. Furthermore, potential therapeutic strategies are introduced to provide novel perspectives for fundamental and clinical research related to melasma.
Effect of non‐selenium glutathione peroxidase activity of peroxiredoxin 6 on beef tenderness: underlying mechanisms
Authors: Huang Linlin , Wang Xinyi , Holman Benjamin W. B. , Dong Pengcheng , Zhang Yimin , Zhu Lixian , Luo Xin , Mao Yanwei 
Published: August 2024

SummaryThis study investigated the effect of non‐selenium glutathione peroxidase (NSGPx) activity of Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) on beef tenderness. Longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) muscle from six cattle were obtained at 30 min post‐mortem. Samples from each muscle were randomly assigned to each of four treatment groups: being incubated in H2O2 (simulation of oxidative stress), mercaptosuccinic acid (MA; inhibiting NSGPx activity), N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine (NAC; inhibiting oxidative stress and increasing NSGPx activity), and saline (control), respectively. Results indicated that cells increased the expression of Prdx6 and NSGPx activity to resist oxidative stress. The inhibition of NSGPx activity group (MA) significantly decreased the Warner‐Bratzler shear force and increased the degradation of desmin. Moreover, both the H2O2 and the MA treatment significantly increased the Ca2+ concentration in the sarcoplasm, cell apoptotic rate, and caspase 9 and 3 activity. These results demonstrated that inhibiting NSGPx activity of Prdx6 could accelerate beef tenderization by promoting mitochondrial apoptosis.
Dehydration of tomato peels and seeds as affected by the temperature
Authors: Conte Amalia , Lordi Adriana , Del Nobile Matteo Alessandro 
Published: August 2024

SummaryAn empirical model was developed for dehydrating tomato's peels and seeds (TPS) at three different temperatures (i.e. 50 °C, 60 °C and 70 °C). The model assumes that there is an initial constant drying rate period (first stage) followed by a decreasing drying rate period (second stage). To assess the goodness of fitting procedure, the mean relative deviation modulus was calculated. Results indicate that the model can adequately describe the dehydration data. The robustness of the model was further tested by evaluating the dependence of model parameters on the temperature, using an Arrhenius‐type equation. Recorded findings show that model parameters changed with the temperature, thus confirming that the proposed model can be advantageously used to describe the dehydration kinetic of TPS. The influence of TPS dehydration on temperature was also assessed by calculating the dehydration rate as function of TPS water content. Results demonstrate that the dehydration rate increases as the testing temperature increases too. In both drying stages, the difference between the dehydration rate at 50 °C and the one at the other two temperatures is more marked.
Metabolite profiling highlights the effect of microbial intervention in the soaking step of tempe
Authors: Riyanto Rifqi Ahmad , Fukusaki Eiichiro , Putri Sastia Prama 
Published: August 2024

SummarySoaking of soybeans is an essential step in tempe fermentation. Owing to the uncontrolled microflora, spontaneous soaking during tempe production leads to inconsistencies in tempe quality. Common methods to control it include the addition of acids or microbial starters. Despite knowing the benefits, their impact on tempe's composition was less understood. In this study, prior to tempe fungal fermentation, soybeans were soaked with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum NBRC 101978 and Pichia burtonii NBRC 0844. Tempe samples were subjected to comprehensive analysis using a widely targeted gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) metabolomics approach and evaluation of physical characteristics. A total of 100 metabolites of sugars, amino acids, fatty acids, and organic acids were annotated in all samples. Principal component analysis (PCA) explaining 47.6% of the variance showed that microbial interventions led to alterations in the metabolome of all samples, including the accumulation of amino acids in lactic acid bacteria (LAB)‐soaked soybean tempe and tyramine in yeast‐soaked soybean tempe. Unlike chemically added soaked soybean tempe, microbial intervention significantly reduced the relative intensity levels of several sugars by more than twofold. Furthermore, microbial interventions in the tempe‐soaking step significantly elevated the levels of bioactive metabolites more than twofold. The introduction of microbial interventions in the tempe‐soaking step also influences the physical characteristics of the end product. These findings merit further consideration for tempe development and the food industry.
Nurses' Beliefs About Pain Assessment in Dementia: A Qualitative Study Informed by the Theory of Planned Behaviour
Authors: Kodagoda Gamage Madushika Wishvanie , Pu Lihui , Todorovic Michael , Moyle Wendy 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTAimTo explore registered nurses' beliefs regarding pain assessment in people living with dementia.DesignA descriptive exploratory qualitative study informed by the Theory of Planned Behaviour.MethodsOnline semi‐structured in‐depth interviews were conducted from January to April 2023 with a purposive sample of 15 registered nurses caring for people with dementia. Following transcription, data were analysed using direct content analysis.FindingsRegistered nurses believe pain assessment improves the well‐being of people with dementia and informs and evaluates practice. However, there is a possibility of misdiagnosing pain as agitation or behavioural problems, leading to inaccurate pain management. Interpersonal factors, such as registered nurses' knowledge and experience, beliefs and motivation to improve care provision, were the primary facilitators of pain assessment. Physical and behavioural dimensions of the pain of the dementia syndrome were the most reported barriers to pain assessment. Registered nurses reported that multidisciplinary team members expect them to do pain assessments. Most did not experience disapproval when performing pain assessments.ConclusionRegistered nurses hold beliefs about pain assessment benefits, consequences, enablers, barriers, approvals and disapprovals regarding dementia. The findings could inform interventions to enhance pain assessment practices.Implications for the Profession and/or Patient CarePolicymakers should provide education opportunities for registered nurses to improve their knowledge, skills and beliefs about pain assessment in dementia. Future research should develop and implement multidisciplinary, multifaceted pain assessment protocols to enhance the accuracy of pain assessment practices.ImpactPain is underassessed in dementia, and this could stem from registered nurses' beliefs about pain assessment in dementia. The findings could inform interventions to enhance pain assessment beliefs and practices.Reporting MethodThis study adhered to the COREQ criteria.Patient or Public ContributionRegistered nurses caring for people living with dementia participated as interview respondents.
Mechanical properties of 3D‐printed resin denture teeth: An in vitro study
Authors: Al‐Fodeh Rami S. , Al‐Dwairi Ziad N. , Almasri Mahmoud , Baba Nadim Z. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to compare the wear, fracture strength, and mode of failure of various brands of 3D‐printed resin denture teeth with prefabricated acrylic resin. Additionally, the study aimed to analyze the different modes of failure exhibited by these teeth.Materials and MethodsThe study utilized 90 3D‐printed and 30 prefabricated, 3D‐printed resin teeth from three brands: L = Optiprint Lumina, A = ASIGA DentaTooth, P = Power resins, along with prefabricated acrylic teeth from M = Major Super Lux. Each of the 30 samples per main group was divided into two subgroups: The first subgroup samples (M1, A1, L1, P1) were subjected to thermal cycling and mechanical loading; M2, A2, L2, and P2 were not aged and tested directly. A scan of a prefabricated acrylic tooth was taken using an intraoral scanner, and then the STL file was printed using an Asiga 3Dprinter. The specimens underwent aging to simulate 5 years of clinical use with 10,000 thermal cycles and 1,200,000 dynamic load cycles on a chewing simulator. Surface roughness parameters (Rz, Ra, Rq) were measured using a 3D Optical Profilometer, fracture resistance was assessed using a universal testing machine, and SEM analysis was performed to observe failure modes. Statistical analysis using T‐test, one‐way analysis, and two‐way analysis processed by the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 23.0 (SPSS: Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was done with a level of significance set at <0.05.ResultsThe results showed that the difference in surface roughness parameters (Rz, Ra, Rq) before and after aging for Group M, Group A, Group L, and Group P was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Two‐way ANOVA for wear resistance between aging and groups on dependent variable Rz (p = 0.002), Ra (p = 0.001), Rq (p = 0.001) were significant. Multiple comparisons for surface roughness parameters showed Group A and Group L were lower than Group P and Group M (p < 0.05). For fracture strength, One‐way ANOVA showed a significant difference between groups for fracture strength either without or after the aging procedure (p < 0.05). Multiple comparisons for fracture strength without aging showed no significant difference between Group M, Group A, and Group L (p > 0.05). After the aging procedure fracture strength for Group M was higher than Group A, Group L, and Group P (p < 0.05).Conclusion3D‐printed resin teeth showed a greater and comparable wear resistance to prefabricated acrylic teeth. Fracture strength was comparable between prefabricated acrylic teeth and 3D‐printed resin (Asiga and Lumina) before aging, but after aging 3D‐printed resin teeth showed less fracture strength.
Action, passion, power
Authors: Oderberg David S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe active/passive distinction, once a hallmark of classical metaphysics, has largely been discarded from contemporary thought. The revival of powers theory has not seen an equally vigorous rehabilitation of the real distinction between active and passive powers. I begin an analysis and vindication with a critique of E.J. Lowe's discussion. I then argue that the active/passive problem is a metaphysical one, not a logical or logico‐linguistic one, and so logic is impotent to solve it. Following this is a discussion of the rights and wrongs of Aristotle's and Aquinas's (identical) defence of the distinction. We will see that one main part of their analysis is a bright red herring while the other part contains the solution to the problem. I then state and clarify the key Scholastic principle concerning action and passion, which I call the Fundamental Thesis – one that will appear scandalous to contemporary ears, yet from which we can derive the tools needed to understand action and passion in the right way. I end with a definition of what I call the Minimal Metaphysical Agent, where the formulation is to be understood as an epistemic criterion for identifying agent and patient in a given causal interaction.
Effect of Distraction Arthroplasty in the Treatment of Moderate‐to‐Severe Ankle Arthritis
Authors: Wang Jian , Wang Chenhan , Ding Xiaoheng , Dong Quanyu 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveCurrently, the traditional treatment of moderate‐to‐severe ankle arthritis is joint fusion or joint replacement. The aim of this article is to explore the clinical efficacy of distraction arthroplasty in the treatment of moderate‐to‐severe ankle arthritis.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted with a total of 34 cases who were diagnosed with moderate‐to‐severe ankle arthritis and treated by distraction arthroplasty from January 2007 to November 2021. The average age was 42.3 years. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle–hindfoot score and pain visual analog scale (VAS) were used to evaluate ankle pain and functional improvement before surgery and at the last follow‐up. Based on age, the patients were divided into the ≤45‐year‐old group [young group, 15 cases, age (36.37 ± 4.31) years old] and the >45‐year‐old group [middle‐aged and elderly group, 19 cases, age (53.74 ± 3.17) years old]. The analysis included comparing preoperative and postoperative AOFAS ankle–hindfoot and VAS scores and the influence of age on distraction arthroplasty.ResultsAll 34 patients were followed up, and the follow‐up time ranged from 13 to 143 months, with an average of 45.3 months. The follow‐up times for the young and middle‐to‐elderly groups were (33.19 ± 21.37) months and (55.63 ± 29.69) months, respectively. At the last follow‐up, the AOFAS ankle–hindfoot and VAS scores were significantly improved compared with the preoperative assessment (p < 0.05). According to the etiological analysis, except for Pilon fracture, which showed no differences pre‐ and postoperation in the AOFAS ankle–hindfoot score and VAS score (p > 0.05), all other patients showed significant differences in these two scores (p < 0.05). The difference in preoperative AOFAS ankle–hindfoot scores between the young and middle‐to‐elderly groups was statistically significant (t = 3.422, p = 0.021). The preoperative and postoperative comparison of preoperative VAS scores, AOFAS ankle–hindfoot scores, and VAS scores before and after surgery showed no differences (p > 0.05). The joint space width (JSW) of 10 patients who were followed up for more than 5 years was (2.9 ± 0.5) mm. Two patients who were followed up for more than 10 years showed 3.3 and 3.0 mm, respectively, JSW.ConclusionDistraction arthroplasty with the Ilizarov external fixator can achieve satisfactory results in the treatment of moderate‐to‐severe ankle arthritis (except arthritis caused by Pilon fracture surgery). Age has no statistical impact on the efficacy of distraction arthroplasty.
An Efficient Numerical Approach to Solve Fractional Coupled Boussinesq Equations
Authors: Kumar Saurabh , Gupta Vikas 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this study, we compute and analyze the numerical solution of fractional coupled Boussinesq equations using fractional-order Laguerre operational matrices of differentiation. The fractional derivative is taken into Caputo's sense. In the first step, we derived a pseudo-operational matrix of differentiation for integer and fractional order. We approximated each term of the fractional coupled Boussinesq equations in terms of the pseudo-operational matrix. Hence, we get the fractional coupled Boussinesq equation in matrix representation. A system of algebraic equations is obtained by collocating this system at Newton–Cotes nodal points, which can be solved easily with Newton's iterative method. The function approximation error estimate has also been discussed. The proposed approach is simple, accurate and produces numerical results with high accuracy, which is evidenced by the given numerical results.
Fast Kinematic Calibration of a Robotic Manipulator Through a Single Continuous Motion
Authors: Jian Sheng , Xiong Hao , Wang Anjia , Lou Yunjiang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The measurement step of the existing calibration approaches for robotic manipulators can take a considerable amount of time to settle a robotic manipulator down at certain static configurations, making the calibration approaches time-consuming. For applications of robotic manipulators requiring periodic recalibration (e.g., human–robot collaborative production lines and robotic inspecting systems), the time consumption of the data collection phase is a critical issue. This paper proposes a fast kinematic calibration approach for robotic manipulators, based on the measurement of a robotic manipulator tracking only a smooth and continuous time-optimal trajectory, rather than static measurement. Data samples on configurations are recorded continuously without settling the robotic manipulator down. To demonstrate and evaluate the proposed approach, experiments are performed based on a four degrees-of-freedom parallel manipulator. Experiment results show that compared to an existing calibration approach based on static measurement, the proposed approach improves the time efficiency of calibration by 93.13% with only a position accuracy loss of 1.77% and an orientation accuracy loss of 2.36%.
Experimental Study on the Endwall Aerothermal Performance of Turbine Cascades in a Novel Transient Test Facility
Authors: Bai Bo , Hao Mingyang , Li Yuanyuan , Li Zhigang , Li Jun , Mao Shuo , Ng Wing F. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Linear turbine cascades have been widely used to conduct fundamental and applied investigations, but only a few transient test facilities with the linear turbine cascade are available in the open literature. A novel transient test facility was presented in this paper, including detailed design and structure, and various experimental measurements (aerodynamic and thermodynamic) were conducted to verify the transient test facility’s capability. This test facility mainly includes a main air supply line (bypass line and test line), a coolant supply line, a test section, and a control system (heater and various valves). The linear cascade holds up six equally spaced cascade profiles, forming five completed cascade passages, and the center passage is used for aerodynamic and thermodynamic measurements. The aerodynamic loss and heat transfer performance were measured at various flow conditions (incidence angle, Ma, and blowing ratio (BR)). The endwall heat transfer coefficient and film cooling effectiveness were estimated by adopting a dual linear regression technique. Results indicate that the mianstream pressure and temperature present a desired step change, and remain relatively steady in the test window. The magnitudes of endwall heat transfer significantly increase as the Maex increases from 0.2 to 0.5, but the thermal load distributions remain the same. The BR is a key parameter for endwall film cooling performance, and the optimal film cooling coverage is acquired at the critical value of BR. Both insufficient and excessive coolant flowrate can result in undesirable endwall film cooling coverage, and may cause unnecessary consumption of the coolant flow.