bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Het recht om vergeten te worden na overlijden
Authors: van der Geld Lucienne 
Published: August 2014

Samenvatting
In het ontwerp van de algemene verordening gegevensbescherming staat in artikel 17 het recht om vergeten te worden. Op 13 mei 2014 deed het Hof van Justitie van de Europese Unie een uitspraak waardoor Google verplicht is persoonlijke informatie van een Spaanse staatsburger te verwijderen uit de zoekresultaten. De auteur vraagt zich af of het vergeetrecht doorwerkt na overlijden, waardoor de erfgenamen het recht namens erflater kunnen uitoefenen. Bij een bevestigend antwoord kan er bij testament over worden beschikt. Naast het vergeetrecht zijn er andere uit grondrechten voortvloeiende persoonlijkheidsrechten waarvan de Rechtbank Overijssel recent oordeelde dat de uitoefening daarvan aan de executeur kan worden toegekend.
Longitudinal Analysis of DNA Methylation in CD34+ Hematopoietic Progenitors in Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Authors: Wong Yan-Fung , Micklem Chris N. , Taguchi Masataka , Itonaga Hidehiro , Sawayama Yasushi , Imanishi Daisuke , Nishikawa Shinichi , Miyazaki Yasushi , Jakt Lars Martin 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a disorder of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that is often treated with DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) inhibitors (5-azacytidine [AZA], 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine), suggesting a role for DNA methylation in disease progression. How DNMT inhibition retards disease progression and how DNA methylation contributes to MDS remain unclear. We analyzed global DNA methylation in purified CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors from MDS patients undergoing multiple rounds of AZA treatment. Differential methylation between MDS phenotypes was observed primarily at developmental regulators not expressed within the hematopoietic compartment and was distinct from that observed between healthy hematopoietic cell types. After AZA treatment, we observed only limited DNA demethylation at sites that varied between patients. This suggests that a subset of the stem cell population is resistant to AZA and provides a basis for disease relapse. Using gene expression data from patient samples and an in vitro AZA treatment study, we identified differentially methylated genes that can be activated following treatment and that remain silent in the CD34+ stem cell compartment of high-risk MDS patients. Haploinsufficiency in mice of one of these genes (NR4A2) has been shown to lead to excessive HSC proliferation, and our data suggest that suppression of NR4A2 by DNA methylation may be involved in MDS progression.
Spatial distribution of Northern Hemisphere winter temperatures during different phases of the solar cycle
Authors: Maliniemi V. , Asikainen T. , Mursula K. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractSeveral recent studies have found variability in the Northern Hemisphere winter climate related to different parameters of solar activity. While these results consistently indicate some kind of solar modulation of tropospheric and stratospheric circulation and surface temperature, opinions on the exact mechanism and the solar driver differ. Proposed drivers include, e.g., total solar irradiance (TSI), solar UV radiation, galactic cosmic rays, and magnetospheric energetic particles. While some of these drivers are difficult to distinguish because of their closely similar variation over the solar cycle, other suggested drivers have clear differences in their solar cycle evolution. For example, geomagnetic activity and magnetospheric particle fluxes peak in the declining phase of the sunspot cycle, in difference to TSI and UV radiation which more closely follow sunspots. Using 13 solar cycles (1869–2009), we study winter surface temperatures and North Atlantic oscillation (NAO) during four different phases of the sunspot cycle: minimum, ascending, maximum, and declining phase. We find significant differences in the temperature patterns between the four cycle phases, which indicates a solar cycle modulation of winter surface temperatures. However, the clearest pattern of the temperature anomalies is not found during sunspot maximum or minimum, but during the declining phase, when the temperature pattern closely resembles the pattern found during positive NAO. Moreover, we find the same pattern during the low sunspot activity cycles of 100 years ago, suggesting that the pattern is largely independent of the overall level of solar activity.
Continuous estimation of baseflow in snowmelt‐dominated streams and rivers in the Upper Colorado River Basin: A chemical hydrograph separation approach
Authors: Miller Matthew P. , Susong David D. , Shope Christopher L. , Heilweil Victor M. , Stolp Bernard J. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractEffective science‐based management of water resources in large basins requires a qualitative understanding of hydrologic conditions and quantitative measures of the various components of the water budget, including difficult to measure components such as baseflow discharge to streams. Using widely available discharge and continuously collected specific conductance (SC) data, we adapted and applied a long established chemical hydrograph separation approach to quantify daily and representative annual baseflow discharge at 14 streams and rivers at large spatial (> 1000 km2 watersheds) and temporal (up to 37 years) scales in the Upper Colorado River Basin. On average, annual baseflow was 21–58% of annual stream discharge, 13–45% of discharge during snowmelt, and 40–86% of discharge during low‐flow conditions. Results suggest that reservoirs may act to store baseflow discharged to the stream during snowmelt and release that baseflow during low‐flow conditions, and that irrigation return flows may contribute to increases in fall baseflow in heavily irrigated watersheds. The chemical hydrograph separation approach, and associated conceptual model defined here provide a basis for the identification of land use, management, and climate effects on baseflow.
Antarctic outlet glacier mass change resolved at basin scale from satellite gravity gradiometry
Authors: Bouman J. , Fuchs M. , Ivins E. , van der Wal W. , Schrama E. , Visser P. , Horwath M. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe orbit and instrumental measurement of the Gravity Field and Steady State Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) satellite mission offer the highest ever resolution capabilities for mapping Earth's gravity field from space. However, past analysis predicted that GOCE would not detect changes in ice sheet mass. Here we demonstrate that GOCE gravity gradiometry observations can be combined with Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) gravity data to estimate mass changes in the Amundsen Sea Sector. This refined resolution allows land ice changes within the Pine Island Glacier (PIG), Thwaites Glacier, and Getz Ice Shelf drainage systems to be measured at respectively −67 ± 7, −63 ± 12, and −55 ± 9 Gt/yr over the GOCE observing period of November 2009 to June 2012. This is the most accurate pure satellite gravimetry measurement to date of current mass loss from PIG, known as the “weak underbelly” of West Antarctica because of its retrograde bed slope and high potential for raising future sea level.
Istanbul's earthquake hot spots: Geodetic constraints on strain accumulation along faults in the Marmara seismic gap
Authors: Ergintav S. , Reilinger R. E. , Çakmak R. , Floyd M. , Cakir Z. , Doğan U. , King R. W. , McClusky S. , Özener H. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractDuring the past century, a series of predominantly westward migratingM > 7 earthquakes broke an ~1000 km section of the North Anatolian Fault (NAF). The only major remaining “seismic gap” along the fault is under the Sea of Marmara (Main Marmara Fault (MMF)). We use 20 years of GPS observations to estimate strain accumulation on fault segments in the Marmara Sea seismic gap. We report the first direct observations of strain accumulation on the Princes' Islands segment of the MMF, constraining the slip deficit rate to 10–15 mm/yr. In contrast, the central segment of the MMF that was thought to be the most likely location for the anticipated gap‐filling earthquakes shows no evidence of strain accumulation, suggesting that fault motion is accommodated by fault creep. We conclude that the Princes' Islands segment is most likely to generate the nextM > 7 earthquake along the Sea of Marmara segment of the NAF.
Crustal anisotropy in a subduction zone forearc: Northern Cascadia
Authors: Matharu G. , Bostock M. G. , Christensen N. I. , Tromp Jeroen 
Published: August 2014

AbstractS‐wave splitting analyses using low‐frequency earthquake templates at three‐component stations across southern Vancouver Island and northern Washington indicate the presence of a heterogeneous distribution of crustal anisotropy in the North American plate. For southern Vancouver Island, we investigate contributions to anisotropy from the Leech River Complex, a terrane composed of strongly foliated phyllites and schists with steeply dipping foliations striking east‐west. Fast directions across mainland southern Vancouver Island are subparallel to the dominant Leech River Complex foliation direction. East‐to‐west increases in delay times and small‐scale azimuthal variations in fast directions indicate heterogeneous anisotropy. We test azimuthally anisotropic Leech River Complex models constrained by previous geological and seismic reflection studies, through forward modeling using 3‐D spectral element method simulations. The preferred model of a north/northeast shallowly dipping wedge of Leech River Complex material with varying orientation of anisotropy terminating at midcrustal levels explains the splitting observations at a majority of southern Vancouver Island stations. For stations where anisotropic Leech River Complex models do not recreate observations, fast directions are subparallel to local estimates of maximum compressive horizontal stress, suggesting that fluid‐filled cracks could be a source of anisotropy. We assert that the Leech River Complex is the primary source of crustal anisotropy beneath southern Vancouver Island, not cracks as suggested by prior studies. Fast directions at stations on northern Washington exhibit variations with azimuth and incidence angle suggesting complex anisotropy interpreted as due to a combination of cracks and preferred mineral orientation of metamorphosed slates of the Olympic core rocks. These slates may also underlay stations on southern Vancouver Island and represent another source of anisotropy.
The effects of deionization processes on meteor radar diffusion coefficients below 90 km
Authors: Younger J. P. , Lee C. S. , Reid I. M. , Vincent R. A. , Kim Y. H. , Murphy D. J. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe decay times of VHF radar echoes from underdense meteor trails are reduced in the lower portions of the meteor region. This is a result of plasma neutralization initiated by the attachment of positive trail ions to neutral atmospheric molecules. Decreased echo decay times cause meteor radars to produce erroneously high estimates of the ambipolar diffusion coefficient at heights below 90 km, which affects temperature estimation techniques. Comparisons between colocated radars and satellite observations show that meteor radar estimates of diffusion coefficients are not consistent with estimates from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder satellite instrument and that colocated radars operating at different frequencies estimate different values of the ambipolar diffusion coefficient for simultaneous detections of the same meteors. Loss of free electrons from meteor trails due to attachment to aerosols and chemical processes were numerically simulated and compared with observations to determine the specific mechanism responsible for low‐altitude meteor trail plasma neutralization. It is shown that three‐body attachment of positive metal ions significantly reduces meteor radar echo decay times at low altitudes compared to the case of diffusion only that atmospheric ozone plays little part in the evolution of low‐altitude underdense meteor trails and that the effect of three‐body attachment begins to exceed diffusion in echo decay times at a constant density surface.
Self‐Assembly of Ordered Colloidal Nanoparticle Films in Few‐Micron Wide Laser‐Desorbed Lines of Octadecylsiloxane Monolayers on Silicon Oxide Surfaces
Authors: Belgardt Christian , Blaudeck Thomas , von Borczyskowski Christian , Graaf Harald 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe report about a maskless technique to deposit colloidal polystyrene particles in patterned stripes with a line width as narrow as 1.5 μm. Our approach is based on the digital patterning of a hydrophobic octadecylsiloxane self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) on a silicon oxide surface by laser‐assisted decomposition and desorption of its organic parts. For hydrophilic stripes of the micropatterned SAM area down to widths of approximately 1.5 μm, we observed ordered, mainly monolayered stripes of colloidal polystyrene nanoparticles using a modified vertical deposition technique, dipping the silicon substrate into a colloidal suspension at an angle of around 45° with respect to the surface normal of the liquid. The mechanism of this so‐called “slope self‐assembly” [Wu et al., Langmuir 2013, 29, 14017] and its limitations with respect to stacking can be explained in the framework of a meniscus moving along the steps of alternating surface energy with the decreasing width of the hydrophilic stripes during the deposition process [Fustin et al., Langmuir 2004, 20, 9114].
Revisiting the Saito Photochemical Reduction and the Development of a One‐Pot Deoxygenation of Alcohols
Authors: Matsubara Ryosuke , Shin Yong‐Soon , Shimada Toshiyuki , Hayashi Masahiko 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe have revisited the Saito photochemical reduction and established practical reaction conditions, under which the reduction of m‐(trifluoromethyl)benzoates, derived from secondary and tertiary alcohols, proceeds selectively at high concentration to afford the corresponding alkane products in good yields without formation of alkenes. A one‐pot deoxygenation of alcohols to alkanes has also been developed.
A Metal‐Free Strategy to Release Chemisorbed H2 from Hydrogenated Boron Nitride Nanotubes
Authors: Roy Lisa , Bhunya Sourav , Paul Ankan 
Published: August 2014

AbstractChemisorbed hydrogen on boron nitride nanotubes (BNNT) can only be released thermally at very high temperatures above 350 °C. However, no catalyst has been identified that could liberate H2 from hydrogenated BN nanotubes under moderate conditions. Using different density functional methods we predict that the desorption of chemisorbed hydrogen from hydrogenated BN nanotubes can be facilitated catalytically by triflic acid at low free‐energy activation barriers and appreciable rates under metal free conditions and mildly elevated temperatures (40–50 °C). Our proposed mechanism shows that the acid is regenerated in the process and can further facilitate similar catalytic release of H2, thus suggesting all the chemisorbed hydrogen on the surface of the hydrogenated nanotube can be released in the form of H2. These findings essentially raise hope for the development of a sustainable chemical hydrogen storage strategy in BN nanomaterials.
A First‐Cycle Coulombic Efficiency Higher than 100 % Observed for a Li2MO3 (M=Mo or Ru) Electrode
Authors: Jang Jihyun , Kim Youngjin , Chae Oh B. , Yoon Taeho , Kim Sang‐Mo , Kim Hyun‐seung , Park Hosang , Ryu Ji Heon , Oh Seung M. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe lithiation/de‐lithiation behavior of a ternary oxide (Li2MO3, where M=Mo or Ru) is examined. In the first lithiation, the metal oxide (MO2) component in Li2MO3 is lithiated by a conversion reaction to generate nano‐sized metal (M) particles and two equivalents of Li2O. As a result, one idling Li2O equivalent is generated from Li2MO3. In the de‐lithiation period, three equivalents of Li2O react with M to generate MO3. The first‐cycle Coulombic efficiency is theoretically 150 % since the initial Li2MO3 takes four Li+ ions and four electrons per formula unit, whereas the M component is oxidized to MO3 by releasing six Li+ ions and six electrons. In practice, the first‐cycle Coulombic efficiency is less than 150 % owing to an irreversible charge consumption for electrolyte decomposition. The as‐generated MO3 is lithiated/de‐lithiated from the second cycle with excellent cycle performance and rate capability.
Fabrication of Ultralong Hybrid Microfibers from Nanosheets of Reduced Graphene Oxide and Transition‐Metal Dichalcogenides and their Application as Supercapacitors
Authors: Sun Gengzhi , Liu Juqing , Zhang Xiao , Wang Xuewan , Li Hai , Yu Yang , Huang Wei , Zhang Hua , Chen Peng 
Published: August 2014

AbstractTwo‐dimensional materials have attracted increasing research interest owing to their unique electronic, physical, optical, and mechanical properties. We thus developed a general strategy for the fabrication of ultralong hybrid microfibers from a mixture of reduced graphene oxide and transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), including MoS2, TiS2, TaS2, and NbSe2. Furthermore, we prepared fiber‐based solid‐state supercapacitors as a proof‐of‐concept application. The performance of thus‐prepared supercapacitors was greatly improved by the introduction of the TMDs.
Selective CH Functionalization of Methane, Ethane, and Propane by a Perfluoroarene Iodine(III) Complex
Authors: Konnick Michael M. , Hashiguchi Brian G. , Devarajan Deepa , Boaz Nicholas C. , Gunnoe T. Brent , Groves John T. , Gunsalus Niles , Ess Daniel H. , Periana Roy A. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractDirect partial oxidation of methane, ethane, and propane to their respective trifluoroacetate esters is achieved by a homogeneous hypervalent iodine(III) complex in non‐superacidic (trifluoroacetic acid) solvent. The reaction is highly selective for ester formation (>99 %). In the case of ethane, greater than 0.5 M EtTFA can be achieved. Preliminary kinetic analysis and density functional calculations support a nonradical electrophilic CH activation and iodine alkyl functionalization mechanism.
Sulfur(VI) Fluoride Exchange (SuFEx): Another Good Reaction for Click Chemistry
Authors: Dong Jiajia , Krasnova Larissa , Finn M. G. , Sharpless K. Barry 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAryl sulfonyl chlorides (e.g. Ts‐Cl) are beloved of organic chemists as the most commonly used SVI electrophiles, and the parent sulfuryl chloride, O2SVICl2, has also been relied on to create sulfates and sulfamides. However, the desired halide substitution event is often defeated by destruction of the sulfur electrophile because the SVICl bond is exceedingly sensitive to reductive collapse yielding SIV species and Cl−. Fortunately, the use of sulfur(VI) fluorides (e.g., R‐SO2‐F and SO2F2) leaves only the substitution pathway open. As with most of click chemistry, many essential features of sulfur(VI) fluoride reactivity were discovered long ago in Germany.6a Surprisingly, this extraordinary work faded from view rather abruptly in the mid‐20th century. Here we seek to revive it, along with John Hyatt’s unnoticed 1979 full paper exposition on CH2CH‐SO2‐F, the most perfect Michael acceptor ever found.98 To this history we add several new observations, including that the otherwise very stable gas SO2F2 has excellent reactivity under the right circumstances. We also show that proton or silicon centers can activate the exchange of SF bonds for SO bonds to make functional products, and that the sulfate connector is surprisingly stable toward hydrolysis. Applications of this controllable ligation chemistry to small molecules, polymers, and biomolecules are discussed.
Synthesis of Nitrogen‐Doped ZigZag‐Edge Peripheries: Dibenzo‐9a‐azaphenalene as Repeating Unit
Authors: Berger Reinhard , Giannakopoulos Angelos , Ravat Prince , Wagner Manfred , Beljonne David , Feng Xinliang , Müllen Klaus 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA bottom‐up approach toward stable and monodisperse segments of graphenes with a nitrogen‐doped zigzag edge is introduced. Exemplified by the so far unprecedented dibenzo‐9a‐azaphenalene (DBAPhen) as the core unit, a versatile synthetic concept is introduced that leads to nitrogen‐doped zigzag nanographenes and graphene nanoribbons.
Dissolution‐Enhanced Luminescent Bioassay Based on Inorganic Lanthanide Nanoparticles
Authors: Zhou Shanyong , Zheng Wei , Chen Zhuo , Tu Datao , Liu Yongsheng , Ma En , Li Renfu , Zhu Haomiao , Huang Mingdong , Chen Xueyuan 
Published: August 2014

AbstractConventional dissociation‐enhanced lanthanide fluoroimmunoassays (DELFIA) using molecular probes suffer from a low labeling ratio of lanthanide ions (Ln3+) per biomolecule. Herein, we develop a unique bioassay based on the dissolution‐enhanced luminescence of inorganic lanthanide nanoparticles (NPs). As a result of the highly concentrated Ln3+ ions in a single Ln3+ NP, an extremely high Ln3+ labeling ratio can be achieved, which amplifies significantly the luminescence signal and thus improves the detection sensitivity compared to DELFIA. Utilizing sub‐10 nm NaEuF4 NPs as dissolution‐enhanced luminescent nanoprobes, we demonstrate the successful in vitro detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA, an important tumor marker) in human serum samples with a record‐low detection limit of 0.1 pg mL−1 (0.5 fM). This value is an improvement of approximately 3 orders of magnitude relative to that of DELFIA. The dissolution‐enhanced luminescent bioassay shows great promise in versatile bioapplications, such as ultrasensitive and multiplexed in vitro detection of disease markers in clinical diagnosis.
Efficient Solar Cells Sensitized by Porphyrins with an Extended Conjugation Framework and a Carbazole Donor: From Molecular Design to Cosensitization
Authors: Wang Yueqiang , Chen Bin , Wu Wenjun , Li Xin , Zhu Weihong , Tian He , Xie Yongshu 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPorphyrin dyes containing the carbazole electron donor have been designed and optimized by wrapping the porphyrin framework, introducing an additional ethynylene bridge to extend the wavelength range of light absorption, and further suppression of the dye aggregation by introducing additional alkoxy chains. Application of a cosensitization approach results in improved current density (Jsc) and open‐circuit voltage (Voc) values, thus achieving the highest cell efficiency of 10.45 %. This work provides an effective combined strategy of molecular design and cosensitization for developing efficient dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). In addition, carbazole has been demonstrated to be a promising donor for porphyrin sensitizers.
Interconvertible Living Radical and Cationic Polymerization through Reversible Activation of Dormant Species with Dual Activity
Authors: Aoshima Hiroshi , Uchiyama Mineto , Satoh Kotaro , Kamigaito Masami 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe polymerization of vinyl monomers generally requires the selection of an appropriate single intermediate, whereas in copolymerization, the selection of the comonomer is limited by the intermediate. Herein, we propose interconvertible dual active species that can connect comonomers through different mechanisms to produce specific comonomer sequences in a single polymer chain. More specifically, two different stimuli, that is, a radical initiator and a Lewis acid, are used to activate the common dormant CSC(S)Z group into radical and cationic species, thereby inducing interconvertible radical and cationic copolymerization of acrylate and vinyl ether to produce a copolymer chain that consists of radically and cationically polymerized segments. The dual reversible activation provides control over molecular weights and multiblock copolymers with tunable segment lengths.