bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drink driving in Hong Kong: the competing effects of random breath testing and alcohol tax reductions
Authors: Kim Jean H. , Wong Alvin H. , Goggins William B. , Lau Joseph , Griffiths Sian M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimsTo investigate the competing effects of increased anti‐drink driving legislation and the recent elimination of excise taxes on wine and beer.DesignSerial cross‐sectional telephone surveys were conducted in 2006 (n = 9860) and 2011 (n = 4800).SettingHong Kong, China.ParticipantsChinese adults (≥18 years of age).MeasurementsRespondents were asked about their drinking patterns, past‐year experience of driving within 2 hours of drinking, drinking‐related attitudes and reported deterrents to drink driving.FindingsFollowing the legislative changes, the age‐standardized past‐year prevalence of drink driving decreased significantly from 5.2 to 2.8% (P < 0.001) among all males, from 9.0 to 4.4% (P < 0.001) among male past‐year drinkers and from 13.7 to 8.5% (P < 0.01) among male weekly drinkers. The past‐year prevalence of drink driving in 2011 among all females (0.08%), female past‐year drinkers (1.6%), male binge drinkers (12.5%), female weekly drinkers (4.7%) and female binge drinkers (7.9%) were not significantly different from 2006. Drink driving was associated independently with business sector employment [odds ratio (OR) = 2.47], past‐month binge drinking (OR = 6.08) and beliefs in the benefits to one's wellbeing of drinking (OR = 2.62) among males and past‐month binge drinking (OR = 5.57), belief in the social benefits of drinking (OR = 5.66) and being unmarried (OR = 3.00) in females (P < 0.05). The most commonly reported drink driving deterrents were concerns about random breath tests (93.8%) and the potential legal consequences of conviction (93.6–96.5%).ConclusionsDespite greater alcohol consumption in Hong Kong, the current anti‐drink driving strategy appears to reduce drink driving in males and prevent increased levels among females. Binge drinkers, however, remain a high‐risk group that should be monitored continually.
Habitat fragmentation in forests affects relatedness and spatial genetic structure of a native rodent, Rattus lutreolus
Authors: STEPHENS HELEN C. , SCHMUKI CHRISTINA , BURRIDGE CHRISTOPHER P. , O'REILLY‐WAPSTRA JULIANNE M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractHabitat fragmentation can have a range of negative demographic and genetic impacts on disturbed populations. Dispersal barriers can be created, reducing gene flow and increasing population differentiation and inbreeding in isolated habitat remnants. Aggregated retention is a form of forestry that retains patches of forests as isolated island or connected edge patches, with the aim of ‘lifeboating’ species and processes, retaining structural features and improving connectivity. Swamp rats (Rattus lutreolus) are a cover‐dependent species that are sensitive to habitat removal. We examined the effects of aggregated retention forestry and forestry roads in native wet Eucalyptus forests on swamp rat gene flow and population genetic structure. We characterized neighbourhood size in unlogged forest to provide a natural state for comparison, and examined population structure at a range of spatial scales, which provided context for our findings. Tests of pairwise relatedness indicated significant differentiation between island and edge populations in aggregated retention sites, and across roads in unlogged sites. Spatial autocorrelation suggested a neighbourhood size of 42–55 m and revealed male‐biased dispersal. We found no genetic isolation by geographical distance at larger (>2.3 km) scales and populations were all significantly differentiated. Our results suggest that removal of mature forest creates barriers for swamp rat dispersal. In particular, roads may have long‐term impacts, while harvesting of native forests is likely to create only short‐term dispersal barriers at the local scale, depending on the rate of regeneration.
Welfare implications of reduced government subsidies to farm families: accounting for fringe benefits
Authors: D'Antoni Jeremy M. , Mishra Ashok K. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn the past three decades, farm families have relied on government payments and off‐farm income to reduce income risk and increase total household income. Studies have shown that, as the income effect dominates, government payments tend to reduce off‐farm labor of farm operators and spouses. But that may not be true if one accounts for fringe benefits associated with off‐farm employment. Additionally, with looming budget deficits and the possibility of a reduction in decoupled government payments, farm families may be facing an altered economic environment. Our study addresses this issue by examining the links between government farm program payments and the ever‐important role of fringe benefits in the off‐farm employment of farm couples. Results from farm‐level data actually show that the marginal effect of government payments on hours worked off‐farm will decrease in magnitude when accounting for fringe benefits, ceteris paribus. These results support the notion that farm households’ welfare loss stemming from reduced decoupled payments may be overstated when models exclude fringe benefits from the estimation of off‐farm labor supply.
The learning benefits of using eye trackers to enhance the geospatial abilities of elementary school students
Authors: Wang Hsiao‐shen , Chen Yi‐Ting , Lin Chih‐Hung 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn this study, we examined the spatial abilities of students using eye‐movement tracking devices to identify and analyze their characteristics. For this research, 12 students aged 11–12 years participated as novices and 4 mathematics students participated as experts. A comparison of the visual‐spatial abilities of each group showed key factors of superior spatial ability, and a spatial ability instructional strategy was developed. After training, the same spatial ability test was conducted again, and eye‐tracking records were used to compare the participants' line‐of‐sight and answer rate results with those of the previous test. Specific references and recommendations are provided for spatial ability training education and assessment.
Prostaglandin E2‐induced intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 expression is mediated by cAMP/Epac signalling modules in bEnd.3 brain endothelial cells
Authors: Park Tae Yeop , Baik Eun Joo , Lee Soo Hwan 
Published: January 2013

Background and PurposeProstaglandin E2 (PGE2) has been implicated in the regulation of adhesion molecules, leukocyte adhesion and infiltration into inflamed site. However, the underlying mechanism therein involved remains ill‐defined. In this study, we explored its cellular mechanism of action in the regulation of the intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) expression in the brain endothelial cells.Experimental ApproachbEnd.3 cells, the murine cerebrovascular endothelial cell line and primary mouse brain endothelial cells were treated with PGE2 with or without agonists/antagonists of PGE2 receptors and associated signalling molecules. ICAM‐1 expression, Akt phosphorylation and activity of NF‐κB were determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), immunoblot analysis, luciferase assay and immunocytochemistry.Key ResultsPGE2 significantly up‐regulated the expression of ICAM‐1, which was blocked by EP4 antagonist (ONO‐AE2‐227) and knock‐down of EP4. PGE2 effects were mimicked by forskolin, dibutyryl cAMP (dbcAMP) and an exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac) activator (8‐Cpt‐cAMP) but not a protein kinase A activator (N6‐Bnz‐cAMP). PGE2‐induced ICAM‐1 expression was reduced by knock‐down of Epac1. A PI3K specific inhibitor (LY294002), Akt inhibitor VIII (Akti) and NF‐κB inhibitors (Bay‐11–7082 and MG‐132) attenuated the induction of ICAM‐1 by PGE2. PGE2, dbcAMP and 8‐Cpt‐cAMP induced the phosphorylation of Akt, IκB kinase and IκBα and the translocation of p65 to the nucleus and increased NF‐κB dependent reporter gene activity, which was diminished by Akti.Conclusion and ImplicationsOur findings suggest that PGE2 induces ICAM‐1 expression via EP4 receptor and Epac/Akt/NF‐κB signalling pathway in bEnd.3 brain endothelial cells, supporting its pathophysiological role in brain inflammation.
Maintenance of marginal bone support and soft tissue esthetics at immediately provisionalizedOsseoSpeed™ implants placed into extraction sites: 2‐year results
Authors: Noelken Robert , Neffe Bettina Anna , Kunkel Martin , Wagner Wilfried 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundPlacement of implants into extraction sockets targets the maintenance of peri‐implant hard and soft tissue structures and the support of a natural and esthetic contour. The main advantages of immediate implant insertion in comparison with delayed implant placement protocols are as follows: a reduced treatment time, less number of sessions, and, thus, the less invasive procedure. This study examines the clinical performance (survival rate, marginal bone levels andPinkEstheticScore [PES]) of OsseoSpeed™ implants placed into extraction sockets with immediate provisionalization in the anterior maxilla after a follow‐up of at least 12 months.MethodsTwenty patients received a total number of 37OsseoSpeed™ implants which were immediately inserted into extraction sockets with or without facial bone deficiencies of various dimensions. A flapless procedure was applied, and the implants were immediately provisionalized with temporary crowns without occlusal contacts. Facial gaps between implant surface and facial bone or the previous contour of the alveolar process were grafted with autogenous bone chips. Implants in diameters 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, and 5.0 with lengths of 11–17 mm were used in the study. During the course of the study, interproximal marginal bone levels, the thickness of the facial bony wall, implant success rate according to the criteria established by Buser, and thePESwere assessed per implant.ResultsOne patient with three implants did not continue the study after prosthesis delivery, the remaining 34 implants were still in function at the final follow‐up (survival rate: 100%). The mean follow‐up period was 27 months (range, 12–40 months). Marginal bone height at the level of the implant shoulder averaged −0.1 ± 0.55 mm (range, −1.25 to 1.47 mm) at the final follow‐up. The meanPESratings were 11.3 ± 1.8 (range, 6–14) at the final follow‐up. In 78% of the patients, thePESwas preserved or even improved.ConclusionsSuccess rates, marginal bone levels, and esthetic results suggest proof of principle for the preservation of marginal bone height at immediately placed and provisionalizedOsseoSpeed™ implants after a follow‐up of at least 12 months. Even implant sites with facial bony deficiencies can be successfully treated with a favorable esthetic outcome using the immediate implant insertion, immediate reconstruction, and immediate provisionalization technique.
Socio‐demographic and obstetrical correlates of pre‐pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain
Authors: Bogaerts A. , Van den Bergh B. , Nuyts E. , Martens E. , Witters I. , Devlieger R. 
Published: January 2013

SummaryBoth pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) are important determinants of a healthy pregnancy outcome and may show important variation. To study the influence of socio‐demographic and obstetrical correlates on pre‐pregnancy BMI and GWG, data of 54 022 singleton term pregnancies were analysed using adjusted regression models. In 2009, in the Northern region of Belgium, one‐third of women were overweight (21.6%) or obese (10.1%) and GWG as recommended by the Institute of Medicine occurred in only 28% of obese women. A high pre‐pregnancy BMI was significantly associated with low maternal education, high maternal age and multiparity, belonging to ethnic minority groups and a lower professional state. Compared to adequate GWG, excessive GWG was more common in younger (<20 years) women, with higher pre‐pregnancy BMI and pregnancy‐induced hypertension. Moreover, younger (20–24 years), single women, belonging to ethnic minority groups showed higher odds for excessive as well as insufficient GWG, while those with high/highest educational level had lower odds for excessive (odds ratio [OR] 0.76; confidence interval [CI] 0.72–0.80) and insufficient (OR 0.93; CI 0.89–0.98) GWG. The results of this study highlight the scale of the problem of maternal obesity and excessive GWG for this region and offer opportunities to target educational campaigns and intervention programmes in the clinical setting.
Development and validation of a new questionnaire measuring eating disordered behaviours post bariatric surgery
Authors: Weineland S. , Alfonsson S. , Dahl J. , Ghaderi A. 
Published: January 2013

SummaryContextualization of post‐surgery circumstances in terms of key behaviours and emotions related to eating is crucial for reliable screening. Disordered eating post surgery is characterized by frequent snacking and a sense of loss of control over food intake. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of a short self‐report questionnaire entitled Disordered Eating after Bariatric Surgery (DEBS). Results indicate that the DEBS possesses satisfactory psychometric properties in terms of reliability, validity, internal consistency and test–retest reliability. The DEBS may facilitate both systematic clinical evaluation and future research within the area of bariatric surgery.
The rise of Clostridium difficile infection in lung transplant recipients in the modern era
Authors: Lee Janet T. , Hertz Marshall I. , Dunitz Jordan M. , Kelly Rosemary F. , D'Cunha Jonathan , Whitson Bryan A. , Shumway Sara J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractPurposeClostridium difficile infection (CDI) rates have been rising in recent years. We aimed to characterize CDI in lung transplant recipients in the modern era and hypothesized that CDI would increase the mortality risk.MethodsWe performed a retrospective chart review of patients undergoing transplantation at our center from 1/2006 to 7/2011. Attributes of CDI+ and CDI− groups were compared using Student's t‐ and chi‐square tests (α = 0.05). Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to control for confounding factors.ResultsOverall CDI incidence was 22.5%. Seven of 151 patients (4.6%) developed CDI during the initial hospitalization after transplantation (mean time 10.6 ± 6 d) while 27 patients (19.7%) developed CDI after discharge (mean time 467 ± 471 d). Incidence rate was 224.6 cases/100 000 patient‐days compared to 110 cases/100 000 patient‐days (rate for entire hospital). CDI was not predictive of mortality (HR 2.06, 95% CI 0.94–4.52).ConclusionCDI rates in lung transplant recipients are high in the modern era. No risk factors for CDI were identified. Although not statistically significant, CDI+ patients had a higher risk of death. The economic burden of CDI and trend toward worse outcomes for CDI patients have important implications for post‐operative surveillance of CDI‐related complications and need for CDI prophylaxis.
A Patient‐Centric Goal in Time to Blood Pressure Control from Drug Therapy Initiation
Authors: Hong Song Hee , Wang Junling , Tak Sunghee 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA time frame in which newly diagnosed hypertensive patients attain blood pressure (BP) goal would guide patients through uncertainty associated with initiating drug therapy for hypertension control. This study estimates time to BP goal resulting from drug therapy initiation among real‐world hypertensive patients and identifies factors associated with variations in time to BP goal. The study uses a historical cohort design. Hypertensive patients who had initiated antihypertensive drug therapy between July 1, 2002, and December 31, 2003, were followed up to 12 months until the end of 2004. Electronic medical records from a medical group were linked with pharmacy claims, as well as with medical claims. Survival analyses were used to compare lengths of time needed to reach BP goals. A total of 223 patients from a real world practice setting had initiated antihypertensive drug therapy. The patients took 3.25 months (95% CI: 2.49–4.82) to reach BP goal. The patient‐centric time to BP goal was 7.1 weeks longer than those reported in controlled experimental settings. This finding highlights the gap between results of controlled clinical trials and their application to clinical practice, and informs healthcare practitioners of the importance of setting a patient‐centric goal in pharmacological treatment of hypertension. Clin Trans Sci 2012; Volume #: 1–6
Development, Implementation, and Evaluation of an Interprofessional Course in Translational Research
Authors: Robinson Georgeanna F.W.B. , Erlen Judith A. , Rubio Doris M. , Kapoor Wishwa N. , Poloyac Samuel M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe advancement of research from basic science discovery to clinical application requires the extensive collaboration of individuals from multiple disciplines, therefore the ability to work as an effective interprofessional team is essential for researchers in clinical and translational science (CTS). Courses that build interprofessional skills are a key component in CTS education, but the development of these courses poses numerous administrative and educational challenges. This paper describes the processes of designing, implementing, and evaluating an innovative graduate‐level course that combines online lectures and in‐class facilitated group discussions to promote interprofessional interactions. The course offers students the opportunity to interact with and learn from individuals in a variety of disciplines, and it requires students to engage in interprofessional group work to meet the course objectives. During the past 4 years, 96 students from the schools of medicine, pharmacy, nursing, public health, and health and rehabilitation sciences at a large urban university have completed the course. The course has been well‐received, with 87% of students rating its overall quality as excellent, good, or satisfactory. The course offers educators a model to teach graduate students the skills that are essential for becoming effective CTS researchers. Clin Trans Sci 2012; Volume #: 1–7
A Novel Program Trains Community‐Academic Teams to Build Research and Partnership Capacity
Authors: Winckler Eva , Brown Jen , LeBailly Susan , McGee Richard , Bayldon Barbara , Huber Gail , Kaleba Erin , Lowry Kelly Walker , Martens Joseph , Mason Maryann , Nuñez Abel 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe Community‐Engaged Research Team Support (CERTS) program was developed and tested to build research and partnership capacity for community‐engaged research (CEnR) teams. Led by the Northwestern University Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute (NUCATS), the goals of CERTS were: (1) to help community‐academic teams build capacity for conducting rigorous CEnR and (2) to support teams as they prepare federal grant proposal drafts. The program was guided by an advisory committee of community and clinical partners, and representatives from Chicago's Clinical and Translational Science Institutes. Monthly workshops guided teams to write elements of NIH‐style research proposals. Draft reviewing fostered a collaborative learning environment and helped teams develop equal partnerships. The program culminated in a mock‐proposal review. All teams clarified their research and acquired new knowledge about the preparation of NIH‐style proposals. Trust, partnership collaboration, and a structured writing strategy were assets of the CERTS approach. CERTS also uncovered gaps in resources and preparedness for teams to be competitive for federally funded grants. Areas of need include experience as principal investigators, publications on study results, mentoring, institutional infrastructure, and dedicated time for research.
Agricultural Modernization and Climate Change in Vietnam's Post‐Socialist Transition
Authors: Fortier François , Thi Thu Trang Tran 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTThis article presents a critique of Vietnam's agricultural modernization in the context of its post‐socialist transition and the emerging climate crisis. Agricultural modernization has led to impressive rates of wealth creation that have pulled many Vietnamese out of poverty and food insecurity over the past two decades. However, the model's own logic of accumulation has also made the country increasingly reliant on complex processes and has locked in various technological path dependencies. These include energy‐ and input‐intensive production, engineered landscapes, reduced agro‐biodiversity, and weakened social networks, knowledge and skills. As a result, Vietnam is becoming more sensitive and less able to adapt to structural shocks, notably that of climate change. Furthermore, and crucially, the post‐socialist transition since the launch of Đổi mới (market reform) has given rise to a political economy with dominant interests increasingly vested in the continuity of this modernization model. The article argues that it is this new dynamics of class and state–society relations that now represents the main obstacle to the development of credible solutions to the climate crisis.
No Way Back? Adaptation and Urbanization of IDP Livelihoods in the Darfur Region of Sudan
Authors: Young Helen , Jacobsen Karen 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTThis article explores how people in conflict zones adapt their livelihoods after they migrate to urban areas. Drawing on case studies in two towns in the Darfur region of Sudan, the authors find that livelihood systems are in transition and have undergone fundamental changes resulting from displacement and the effects of conflict on dysfunctional and failing institutions. Urban migrants’ livelihood strategies evolve in a context of insecurity, distorted markets, lack of regulation and punitive rent‐seeking regimes such as protection payments. Maladaptive livelihood strategies emerge in response to the need for food and income in the short term. New strategies also can increase societal inequities and marginalization, and over‐exploit limited natural resources. Thus the ‘new’ livelihoods cannot be considered sustainable or equitable, or even able to provide food security in the short term. Locally appropriate and innovative approaches to support livelihoods are badly needed, but it is important to monitor and evaluate their impacts on livelihood groups, local economic recovery, environment and conflict.
Rethinking Power and Authority: Symbolic Violence and Subjectivity in Nepal's Terai Forests
Authors: Nightingale Andrea J. , Ojha Hemant R. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTRecent work on authority, power and the state has opened up important avenues of inquiry into the practices and contexts through which power is exercised. Why certain forms of authority emerge as more durable and legitimate than others remains a challenge, however. In this article we bring together two bodies of thought to engage this issue, feminist theories of power and subjectivity and Bourdieu's ideas of symbolic violence, in order to explore how power and authority are reproduced and entrenched. Our purpose is to advance theorizing on power and authority in the context of contentious political situations and institutional emergence. This unusual theoretical synergy allows us to illustrate how power is exercised in relation to natural resource management and the ways in which the conflict/post‐conflict context creates institutional forms and spaces which simultaneously challenge and reinforce antecedent forms of authority. To animate our theoretical concerns, we draw on work in community‐based forestry in Nepal, with a focus on some of the conflicts that have arisen in relation to the valuableSalforests of the Terai, or lowland plains.