bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy-associated breast cancers are driven by differences in adipose stromal cells present during lactation
Authors: McCready Jessica , Arendt Lisa M , Glover Eugene , Iyer Vandana , Briendel Jerrica L , Lyle Stephen R , Naber Stephen P , Jay Daniel G , Kuperwasser Charlotte 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Introduction
The prognosis of breast cancer is strongly influenced by the developmental stage of the breast when the tumor is diagnosed. Pregnancy-associated breast cancers (PABCs), cancers diagnosed during pregnancy, lactation, or in the first postpartum year, are typically found at an advanced stage, are more aggressive and have a poorer prognosis. Although the systemic and microenvironmental changes that occur during post-partum involution have been best recognized for their role in the pathogenesis of PABCs, epidemiological data indicate that PABCs diagnosed during lactation have an overall poorer prognosis than those diagnosed during involution. Thus, the physiologic and/or biological events during lactation may have a significant and unrecognized role in the pathobiology of PABCs.

Methods
Syngeneic in vivo mouse models of PABC were used to examine the effects of system and stromal factors during pregnancy, lactation and involution on mammary tumorigenesis. Mammary adipose stromal cell (ASC) populations were isolated from mammary glands and examined by using a combination of in vitro and in vivo functional assays, gene expression analysis, and molecular and cellular assays. Specific findings were further investigated by immunohistochemistry in mammary glands of mice as well as in functional studies using ASCs from lactating mammary glands. Additional findings were further investigated using human clinical samples, human stromal cells and using in vivo xenograft assays.

Results
ASCs present during lactation (ASC-Ls), but not during other mammary developmental stages, promote the growth of carcinoma cells and angiogenesis. ASCs-Ls are distinguished by their elevated expression of cellular retinoic acid binding protein-1 (crabp1), which regulates their ability to retain lipid. Human breast carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) exhibit traits of ASC-Ls and express crabp1. Inhibition of crabp1in CAFs or in ASC-Ls abolished their tumor-promoting activity and also restored their ability to accumulate lipid.

Conclusions
These findings imply that (1) PABC is a complex disease, which likely has different etiologies when diagnosed during different stages of pregnancy; (2) both systemic and local factors are important for the pathobiology of PABCs; and (3) the stromal changes during lactation play a distinct and important role in the etiology and pathogenesis of PABCs that differ from those during post-lactational involution.
The effect of glutamine therapy on outcomes in critically ill patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Chen Qi-Hong , Yang Yi , He Hong-Li , Xie Jian-Feng , Cai Shi-Xia , Liu Ai-Ran , Wang Hua-Ling , Qiu Hai-Bo 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Glutamine supplementation is supposed to reduce mortality and nosocomial infections in critically ill patients. However, the recently published reducing deaths due to oxidative stress (REDOX) trials did not provide evidence supporting this. This study investigated the impact of glutamine-supplemented nutrition on the outcomes of critically ill patients using a meta-analysis.

Methods
We searched for and gathered data from the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, Elsevier, Web of Science and ClinicalTrials.gov databases reporting the effects of glutamine supplementation on outcomes in critically ill patients. We produced subgroup analyses of the trials according to specific patient populations, modes of nutrition and glutamine dosages.

Results
Among 823 related articles, eighteen Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) met all inclusion criteria. Mortality events among 3,383 patients were reported in 17 RCTs. Mortality showed no significant difference between glutamine group and control group. In the high dosage subgroup (above 0.5 g/kg/d), the mortality rate in the glutamine group was significantly higher than that of the control group (relative risk (RR) 1.18; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02 to 1.38; P = 0.03). In 15 trials, which included a total of 2,862 patients, glutamine supplementation reportedly affected the incidence of nosocomial infections in the critically ill patients observed. The incidence of nosocomial infections in the glutamine group was significantly lower than that of the control group (RR 0.85; 95% CI, 0.74 to 0.97; P = 0.02). In the surgical ICU subgroup, glutamine supplementation statistically reduced the rate of nosocomial infections (RR 0.70; 95% CI, 0.52 to 0.94; P = 0.04). In the parental nutrition subgroup, glutamine supplementation statistically reduced the rate of nosocomial infections (RR 0.83; 95% CI, 0.70 to 0.98; P = 0.03). The length of hospital stay was reported in 14 trials, in which a total of 2,777 patients were enrolled; however, the patient length of stay was not affected by glutamine supplementation.

Conclusions
Glutamine supplementation conferred no overall mortality and length of hospital stay benefit in critically ill patients. However, this therapy reduced nosocomial infections among critically ill patients, which differed according to patient populations, modes of nutrition and glutamine dosages.
Inhibition of mesenchymal stromal cells by pre-activated lymphocytes and their culture media
Authors: Valencic Erica , Loganes Claudia , Cesana Stefania , Piscianz Elisa , Gaipa Giuseppe , Biagi Ettore , Tommasini Alberto 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Despite having a proven immunosuppressive potential in vitro, human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are reported to display variable efficacy in vivo and, in fact, their proven benefit in the clinical practice is still limited and controversial.

Methods
The interplay between clinical grade MSCs and pre-activated donor lymphocytes or selected lymphocyte subsets was studied in vitro. The kinetics of MSC growth and viability was evaluated by adhesion-dependent changes of culture plate impedance and biochemically by a colorimetric assay. Activation of natural killer (NK) cells was assessed as well, using a flow cytometry assay.

Results
A strong inhibition of MSC growth was rapidly induced by the addition of pre-activated lymphocytes but not of resting lymphocytes. Inhibition seems not to be attributable to a single cell population, as similar results can be obtained by depleting NK cells or by using either selected CD4+ or CD8+ lymphocytes. In addition, conditioned medium (CM) from activated lymphocytes was able to inhibit MSC growth in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, licensing with IFN-γ partially protected MSCs from pre-activated lymphocytes but not from their CM. These results suggest an inhibitory role of lymphocyte-activation-derived substances. However, the identification of a single molecule responsible for MSC inhibition remained elusive, even if preliminary experiments showed that ATP and, to a lesser extent, TNF-α might play a role.

Conclusions
These results suggest that survival of MSCs can be affected by soluble mediators released by activated lymphocytes. Thus it can be hypothesized that MSC immunosuppressive action in vivo could be impaired by ongoing immune activation through the release of inflammatory mediators.
Palladium-doped Nanogold Microspheres as Nanocatalysts for Enzyme-free Electrochemical Immunosensing of Low-abundance Protein
Authors: Li Guang-Zhou , Tang Dian-Ping 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Palladium-doped nanogold microspheres were for the first time utilized as nanocatalysts and peroxidase mimics for development of enzyme-free electrochemical immunosensing with sensitivity enhancement.
DataUp: A tool to help researchers describe and share tabular data
Authors: Strasser Carly , Kunze John , Abrams Stephen , Cruse Patricia 
Published: January 2014

Scientific datasets have immeasurable value, but they lose their value over time without proper documentation, long-term storage, and easy discovery and access. Across disciplines as diverse as astronomy, demography, archeology, and ecology, large numbers of small heterogeneous datasets (i.e., the long tail of data) are especially at risk unless they are properly documented, saved, and shared. One unifying factor for many of these at-risk datasets is that they reside in spreadsheets.In response to this need, the California Digital Library (CDL) partnered with Microsoft Research Connections and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation to create the DataUp data management tool for Microsoft Excel. Many researchers creating these small, heterogeneous datasets use Excel at some point in their data collection and analysis workflow, so we were interested in developing a data management tool that fits easily into those work flows and minimizes the learning curve for researchers.The DataUp project began in August 2011. We first formally assessed the needs of researchers by conducting surveys and interviews of our target research groups: earth, environmental, and ecological scientists. We found that, on average, researchers had very poor data management practices, were not aware of data centers or metadata standards, and did not understand the benefits of data management or sharing. Based on our survey results, we composed a list of desirable components and requirements and solicited feedback from the community to prioritize potential features of the DataUp tool. These requirements were then relayed to the software developers, and DataUp was successfully launched in October 2012.
Humility and Generosity: On the Horizontality of Divine Givenness
Authors: Dahl Espen 
Published: January 2014

Summary
Husserl’s notion of horizon plays a decisive role in his phenomenological analysis of perception. It is nevertheless striking that prominent philosophers of the “theological turn” in phenomenology, such as Levinas and Marion, attach no religious significance to the phenomenological horizon; on the contrary, they tend to regard the horizon as an obstacle to the experience of the religious. This article argues, however, that if divinity is somehow implied in the proximity of things (the things’ inner horizons) and yet stretches out to the most remote (the outer horizon), horizontality neatly captures the divine givenness. Far from imposing restrictions on experience, the horizon opens the possibility for meaningful experience in the first place; and far from being closed in on itself, the horizon remains inherently open to revision and change. Moreover, the horizon unfolds according to a double movement of what can be called its humility and its generosity: it withdraws from the actual presence of intentional objects (humility) in order for such objects to emerge (generosity). Arguably, revelation does not cancel the non-objective givenness of the horizon, but reveals the divine horizontality by enacting its double movement: Christ is driven out of the world (humility) in order to save it (generosity).
Low Temperature Fabrication and Surface Modification Methods for Fused Silica Micro- and Nanochannels
Authors: Pennathur Sumita , Crisalli Pete 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTElectrokinetic based micro- and nanofluidic technologies provide revolutionary opportunities to separate, identify and analyze biomolecular species. Key to fully harnessing the power of such systems is the development of a robust method for integrated electrodes as well as a thorough understanding of the influence of the electrokinetic surface properties with and without different surface modifications. In this work, we demonstrate a surface micromachined fabrication approach for integrated addressable metal electrodes within centimeter-long nanofluidic channels using a low-temperature, xenon diflouride dry-release method for novel biosensing applications, as well as recent results from a joint theoretical and experimental study of electrokinetic surface properties in nano- and microfluidic channels fabricated with fused silica. The main contribution of this fabrication process involves the addition of addressable electrodes to a novel dry-release channel fabrication method, produced at <300°C, to be used in nanofluidic electronic sensing of biomolecules. Finally, we also show a novel method with which to coat our channels with silane based chemistries. Certain modifications are observed to show improved resistance to non-specific adhesion of both small molecules and proteins, indicating their further use as compatible surfaces in micro- and nanofluidic applications.
A Study of Facial Pattern in Patients with Fanconi Anemia
Authors: De Castro Ávila Lucia Fátima , Martins Wilson Denis , Cândido Lisiane , Ignácio Sergio Aparecido , Bonfim Carmen Maria S. , De Oliveira Ribas Marina 
Published: January 2014

Objective This study is aimed to evaluate craniofacial features in patients with Fanconi anemia (FA) through cephalometric analysis and to classify the facial growth pattern to observe possible facial discrepancies. Design This is a cross-sectional study which employed a quantitative approach to compare linear and angular measurements of cephalometric analysis in lateral teleradiographic images of a clinical type sample of patients with FA. A retrospective cephalometric study was performed using cephalometric analyses of Ricketts and Steiner; growth patterns according to Ricketts' vertical growth pattern (VERT index) were also analyzed. Patients Fifty patients diagnosed with FA who were undergoing anti-aplasia treatment at the outpatient Hematology service at the Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil were included in the study. Interventions The patients were evaluated in the School of Dentistry of the Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Brazil. Exclusion criteria included patients who had used or were using growth hormone medication, had undergone bone marrow transplant, or had been previously subjected to dental treatment. Main Outcome Measures Cephalometric points were plotted in order to set up linear and angular cephalometric measurements. Angular and linear measurements from 17 factors proposed by Ricketts' cephalometric analysis were assessed. Results Dolicofacial appearance was observed in 52% of individuals; braquifacial in 28%, and mesofacial in 20%. Significant maxillary/mandibular discrepancy was observed. It was concluded that upon anteroposterior evaluation of facial bone structures, the FA sample presented smaller median measurements in most variables evaluated; it also presented mandibular micrognathism and mainly dolicofacial vertical growth pattern. These findings, together with other features such as skin pigmentation and microphthalmia, may lead to a possible recognition of a FA condition from a patient's facial features.
The Regional Medical Business Process Optimization Based on Cloud Computing Medical Resources Sharing Environment
Authors: Xi A. Bei , Qin B. Qiuli , Huang C. Lei 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The paper elaborates some basic concepts, for example, cloud computing, medical resources sharing, business process optimization, and then points out the problems in the development process of regional health informatization. However, there are many good characteristics and advantages in cloud computing. If cloud computing can be used in the construction of regional health informatization, the problems like insufficient medical resources sharing, paying fees several times, repeated checkup, long hospitalization period, can be efficiently solved. So we put forward cloud computing service mode and research the architecture of regional medical collaborative cloud computing platform. It can realize medical resources sharing. We have a further study about business process optimization based on cloud computing medical resources sharing environment and find out that it can reduce repeated checkup, shorten hospitalization period, and so on.
Synergic Relationship and Synergic Degree between an Information System and Corporate Strategy
Authors: Xiang Xie , Zhongliang Guan , Xiaoliang Wang , Jiashi Liu 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
With the development of information technology, the Information System (IS) has not the characters of rareness and inimitability, so an IS cannot form core competence alone. Forming synergic relationship and keeping higher synergic degree between IS and corporate strategy will help the enterprises acquire competence advantage and realize IS value. This paper analyzes the conditions of forming synergic relationship between an IS and strategy, and points out that the key factors for a synergic degree are the strategy rationality and the matching degree between the IS and strategy. Based on the analysis result and BCG growth share matrix, this paper constructed a synergy degree measure model to evaluate the synergic relationship between the IS and corporate strategy. Finally, a case study is used to verify the feasibility of the model.
The body composition and enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism of Varroa destructor
Authors: Łopieńska–Biernat Elżbieta , Dmitryjuk Małgorzata , Zaobidna Ewa , Lipiński Zbigniew , Żółtowska Krystyna 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The aim of the present research was to determine the basic composition of the organic compounds present in extracts from Varroa destructor, a parasitic mite of the honeybee. The total protein content was 9.16 ± 0.82 mg/100 mg of body weight, lipid content was 9.81 ± 1.99 mg/100 mg, and carbohydrate content was 26.67 ± 4.52 mg/100 mg. The triacylglycerol content was 2.40 ± 0.86 mg/100 mg and the cholesterol content was 0.14 ± 0.02 mg/100 mg. Thin layer chromatography indicated that phospholipids comprised the major part of the lipid component; cephalins (78%), cerebrosides (16%), and lecithins (6%) were identified in the phospholipid pool. Glucose (23.6 ± 4.52 mg/100 mg) was the main carbohydrate, followed by glycogen (5.43 ± 1.23 mg/100 mg) and trehalose (0.35 ± 0.07 mg/100 mg). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays detected two major glycogen metabolism enzymes, glycogen phosphorylase and glycogen synthase. Among the enzymes metabolising disaccharides, maltase (24.7 ± 2.38 μmol/mg protein) and trehalase (14.81 ± 5.21 μmol/mg protein) presented the highest activity. Saccharose and lactose were hydrolysed to a minor extent. These are the first measurements of the basic composition of the mite body. Although these data are not exhaustive, they may serve as the basis for further research on the metabolism of V. destructor, particularly concerning lipid metabolism.
Effects of exposure of honey bee colonies to neonicotinoid seed–treated maize crops
Authors: Pohorecka Krystyna , Skubida Piotr , Semkiw Piotr , Miszczak Artur , Teper Dariusz , Sikorski Piotr , Zagibajło Katarzyna , Skubida Marta , Zdańska Dagmara , Bober Andrzej 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The effects to honeybee colonies (Apis mellifera L.) during and after exposure to flowering maize (Zea mays L.), grown from seeds coated with clothianidin and imidacloprid was assessed in field-realistic conditions. The experimental maize crops were adjacent to the other flowering agriculture plants. Honey bee colonies were placed in three differently protected maize fields throughout the blooming period, and thereafter they were transferred to a stationary apiary. Samples of pollen loads, bee bread, and adult bees were collected and analyzed for neonicotinoid residues. To ensure high specificity and sensitivity of detection of the analyzed pesticides, a modified QuEChERS extraction method and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry were used. Clothianidin was detected only in the samples of pollen loads. Their residue levels ranged from 10.0 to 41.0 ng/g (average 27.0 ng/g). Imidacloprid was found in no investigated sample. No negative effects of neonicotinoid seed-treated maize on the development and long-term survival of honey bee colonies were observed. The low proportion of Zea mays pollen in total bee-collected pollen during the maize flowering period was noted. The findings suggest that maize plants are less attractive forage for honey bees than phacelia (Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth.), buckwheat (Fagopyrum Mill.), white clover (Trifolium repens L.), goldenrod (Solidago L.), and vegetation from Brassicaceae family.
The results indicate a possibility of reducing the risk of bees being exposed to the toxic effect of insecticidal dusts dispersed during maize sowing by seeding, in the areas surrounding maize crops, plants that bloom later in the year.
CEREAL MIXTURES – AN EFFECTIVE WEED MANAGEMENT TOOL
Authors: Kaczmarek Sylwia , Matysiak Kinga , Adamczewski Kazimierz 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Field experiments carried out in the 2005-2007 time period were aimed at assessing the use of competitive potential against weeds of spring cereals cultivated in mixtures, for the purpose of reducing the herbicide application selected for the research. In the experiments, a mixture of the active substances, florasulam + 2,4 D (Mustang 306 SE), was applied at a recommended dose (0.5 l/ha) and then at a reduced dose (0.3 l/ha). The research objects were the spring wheat cultivar Bryza, spring barley cultivar Antek, and oat cultivar Cwał. The cereals were grown in two-species mixtures, and in pure sowing. The effect of a decreased herbicide dose was compared to the effect of the recommended dose, and the control. The research included two-time analysis of crop weed infestation (weed species composition, number, and fresh weight of weeds), determination of the number of productive culms, number of grains per ear (panicle), the thousand grain weight, and grain yield of spring cereals. The obtained results confirmed that spring cereals cultivated in mixtures had a higher competitive potential against weeds in comparison with individual species which were pure sowed. The use of the reduced herbicide dose proved to be effective in weed control and ensured a significant increase in grain yields of spring cereals. The applied herbicide doses did not affect grain number per ear and the thousand grain weight.
Proteomic analysis of effects by x-rays and heavy ion in HeLa cells
Authors: Bing Zhitong , Yang Guanghui , Zhang Yanan , Wang Fengling , Ye Caiyong , Sun Jintu , Zhou Guangming , Yang Lei 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Background. Carbon ion therapy may be better against cancer than the effects of a photon beam. To investigate a biological advantage of carbon ion beam over X-rays, the radioresistant cell line HeLa cells were used. Radiationinduced changes in the biological processes were investigated post-irradiation at 1 h by a clinically relevant radiation dose (2 Gy X-ray and 2 Gy carbon beam). The differential expression proteins were collected for analysing biological effects.
Materials and methods. The radioresistant cell line Hela cells were used. In our study, the stable isotope labelling with amino acids (SILAC) method coupled with 2D-LC-LTQ Orbitrap mass spectrometry was applied to identity and quantify the differentially expressed proteins after irradiation. The Western blotting experiment was used to validate the data.
Results. A total of 123 and 155 significantly changed proteins were evaluated with treatment of 2 Gy carbon and X-rays after radiation 1 h, respectively. These deregulated proteins were found to be mainly involved in several kinds of metabolism processes through Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis. The two groups perform different response to different types of irradiation.
Conclusions. The radioresistance of the cancer cells treated with 2 Gy X-rays irradiation may be largely due to glycolysis enhancement, while the greater killing effect of 2 Gy carbon may be due to unchanged glycolysis and decreased amino acid metabolism.