bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectra of hybrid synchrotron emission in hot black hole winds
Authors: Hayakawa Ken , Fukue Jun 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
We solve radiative transfer to obtain the hybrid synchrotron spectra from a hot, optically thin black hole wind, by integrating the radiative transfer equation in the comoving frame and considering the relativistic effect of wind flow as well as the emission and absorption along the line-of-sight. We find two primary characteristics in the hybrid model: (1) a shoulder at low frequencies and (2) a power-law tail at high frequencies. Even if only 10−4 of the total electron energy is injected as non-thermal electrons, higher luminosity can be produced compared to the pure thermal model. Thus, there is a large difference between the pure thermal model and the hybrid one. In addition, as the wind velocity becomes large, the thermal peak of the comoving spectra shifts toward the high-frequency regime, due to the relativistic Doppler effect. As the wind velocity increases, on the other hand, the thermal peak of the observed spectra shifts toward the low-frequency regime, due to the redshifted part in the far side and limb side.
The Diagnostic Accuracy of Gluteal Trigger Points to Differentiate Radicular From Nonradicular Low Back Pain
Authors: Adelmanesh Farhad , Jalali Ali , Shirvani Armin , Pakmanesh Kambiz , Pourafkari Marina , Raissi Gholam R. , Shir Yoram 
Published: October 2015

Objectives:
Low back pain (LBP) is highly prevalent and costly to the society. Previous studies have shown an association between radicular LBP and trigger points (TrPs) in the superior-lateral quadrant of the gluteal area (GTrP). The objective of current study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of GTrP to predict nerve root involvement among patients with LBP.

Materials and Methods:
In a prospective, diagnostic accuracy study 325 consecutive patients with LBP were recruited. At first step, patients were evaluated for the presence or absence of the GTrP. A different investigator, blinded to the GTrP findings, then performed history taking and physical examination. Subsequently, all patients underwent a lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging and, when indicated, electrodiagnostic tests. On the basis of the clinical and ancillary tests findings, a multidisciplinary panel of experts (the “reference standard”), blinded to the GTrP evaluation, allocated patients to radicular versus nonradicular LBP groups. The agreement between the GTrP findings, as a diagnostic test and the reference standard allocation was evaluated in a 2 by 2 contingency table.

Results:
The specificity of the GTrP test was 91.4% and its sensitivity was 74.1%. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.827 (0.781 to 0.874). Positive likelihood ratio was 8.62 and negative likelihood ratio was 0.28. Positive and negative predictive values were 91.9% and 72.7%, respectively.

Discussion:
As a clinical finding, TrPs in superior-lateral quadrant of gluteal area are highly specific indicators for radicular LBP. Incorporating these TrPs evaluation in routine physical examination of patients with LBP could decrease the need for more costly, time-consuming, and invasive diagnostic tests.
The abundance of large, piscivorous Ferox Trout (Salmo trutta) in Loch Rannoch, Scotland
Authors: Thorne Alastair , MacDonald Alasdair I. , Thorley Joseph L. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundFerox Trout are large, long-lived piscivorous Brown Trout (Salmo trutta). Due to their exceptionally large size, Ferox Trout are highly sought after by anglers while their life-history strategy, which includes delayed maturation, multiphasic growth and extended longevity, is of interest to ecological and evolutionary modelers. However, despite their recreational and theoretical importance, little is known about the typical abundance of Ferox Trout.MethodsTo rectify this situation a 16 year angling-based mark-recapture study was conducted on Loch Rannoch, which at 19 km2is one of the largest lakes in the United Kingdom.ResultsA hierarchical Bayesian Jolly-Seber analysis of the data suggest that if individual differences in catchability are negligible the population of Ferox Trout in Loch Rannoch in 2009 was approximately 71 fish. The results also suggest that a single, often unaccompanied, highly-experienced angler was able to catch roughly 8% of the available fish on an annual basis.DiscussionIt is recommended that anglers adopt a precautionary approach and release all trout with a fork length ≥ 400 mm caught by trolling in Loch Rannoch. There is an urgent need to assess the status of Ferox Trout in other lakes.
Real-virtual interaction in AR assembly simulation based on component contact handling strategy
Authors: Wang X. , Ong S.K. , Nee A.Y.C. 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to propose and implement an integrated augmented-reality (AR)-aided assembly environment to incorporate the interaction between real and virtual components, so that users can obtain a more immersive experience of the assembly simulation in real time and achieve better assembly design.

Design/methodology/approach
– A component contact handling strategy is proposed to model all the possible movements of virtual components when they interact with real components. A novel assembly information management approach is proposed to access and modify the information instances dynamically corresponding to user manipulation. To support the interaction between real and virtual components, a hybrid marker-less tracking method is implemented.

Findings
– A prototype system has been developed, and a case study of an automobile alternator assembly is presented. A set of tests is implemented to validate the feasibility, efficiency, accuracy and intuitiveness of the system.

Research limitations/implications
– The prototype system allows the users to manipulate and assemble the designed virtual components to the real components, so that the users can check for possible design errors and modify the original design in the context of their final use and in the real-world scale.

Originality/value
– This paper proposes an integrated AR simulation and planning platform based on hybrid-tracking and ontology-based assembly information management. Component contact handling strategy based on collision detection and assembly feature surfaces mating reasoning is proposed to solve component degree of freedom.
Workspace, dexterity and dimensional optimization of microhexapod
Authors: Rouhani E. , Nategh M. J. 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to study the workspace and dexterity of a microhexapod which is a 6-degrees of freedom (DOF) parallel compliant manipulator, and also to investigate its dimensional synthesis to maximize the workspace and the global dexterity index at the same time. Microassembly is so essential in the current industry for manufacturing complicated structures. Most of the micromanipulators suffer from their restricted workspace because of using flexure joints compared to the conventional ones. In addition, the controllability of micromanipulators inside the whole workspace is very vital. Thus, it is very important to select the design parameters in a way that not only maximize the workspace but also its global dexterity index.

Design/methodology/approach
– Microassembly is so essential in the current industry for manufacturing complicated structures. Most of the micromanipulators suffer from their restricted workspace because of using flexure joints compared to the conventional ones. In addition, the controllability of micromanipulators inside the whole workspace is very vital. Thus, it is very important to select the design parameters in a way that not only maximize the workspace but also its global dexterity index.

Findings
– It has been shown that the proposed procedure for the workspace calculation can considerably speed the required calculations. The optimization results show that a converged-diverged configuration of pods and an increase in the difference between the moving and the stationary platforms’ radii cause the global dexterity index to increase and the workspace to decrease.

Originality/value
– The proposed algorithm for the workspace analysis is very important, especially when it is an objective function of an optimization problem based on the search method. In addition, using screw theory can simply construct the homogeneous Jacobian matrix. The proposed methodology can be used for any other micromanipulator.
Modeling the impact of distance between offices and borrowers on agricultural loan volume
Authors: Witte Taylor , DeVuyst Eric A , Whitacre Brian , Jones Rodney 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– Farm Credit is a major provider of credit to agricultural producers in Oklahoma and nationally. The decision to place a new Farm Credit office reduces borrower search and travel costs and should increase loan volume. The purpose of this paper is to model the new loan volume as function of distance from east central Oklahoma county centroids to Farm Credit offices. The model is then used to predict the impact of placing new offices in underserved areas.

Design/methodology/approach
– County aggregate new loan volume is regressed on distances to Farm Credit branch and field offices and other variables expected to impact agricultural loan volume. The estimated model is used to predict new loan volume impact of adding additional branch and field offices in counties that did not have these offices. Confidence intervals are used to measure the significance of predicted loan volumes.

Findings
– Distances from county centroids to both branch and field offices were found to significantly reduce new loan volume. The results were used to simulate the addition of new branch and field offices. The simulation predicted the added annual new loan volume associated with office additions.

Practical implications
– Using spatial models, Farm Credit of east central Oklahoma and other agricultural lenders can better plan for expansion (or consolidation). These models indicate counties where annual new loan volume will likely be higher (or lower for consolidation) than other nearby counties. The result can be improved borrower access and system financial performance.

Originality/value
– While spatial modeling has been utilized in other sectors, little has been done relative to agricultural credit access and impact on loan volume. The model here explicitly models the impact that distance to Farm Credit offices have on annual new loan volume.
Farm household risk balancing: implications for policy from an EU perspective
Authors: Wauters Erwin , de Mey Yann , van Winsen Frankwin , Van Passel Steven , Vancauteren Mark , Lauwers Ludwig 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– Building on the risk balancing theory and on recent discussions the appropriateness of using farm income maximization as behavioural assumption, this paper extends the risk balancing framework by accounting for business-household interactions. The purpose of this paper is to theoretically introduce the concept of farm household risk balancing, a theoretical framework in which the farm household sets a constraint on the total household-level risk and balances farm-level and off-farm-level risk.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper argues that the risk behaviour of farmers is better understood by considering risk at the household level. Using an analytical framework, equations are derived linking the farm activities, off-farm activities, consumption and business and private liquidity.

Findings
– The framework shows that a farm household that wants to minimize the risk that total household cash flow falls below consumption needs, may exhibit a wide variety of behavioural responses to changes in the policy and economic environment.

Social implications
– The framework suggests multiple ways for policy makers and individual farmers to support risk management.

Originality/value
– Risk management is at the core of the agricultural policy and it is of paramount importance to be able to understand behavioural responses to market and policy instruments. This paper contributes to that by suggesting that the focus of current risk analysis and management studies may be too narrowly focused at the farm level.
Social religiosity: concept and measurement across divergent cultures
Authors: Mathur Anil , Barak Benny , Zhang Yong , Lee Keun S. , Yoo Boonghee , Ha Jeeyeon 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to develop a scale to measure social religiosity (SR) and assess its measurement invariance across different cultures.

Design/methodology/approach
– The research relied on samples from China (n=486), India (n=377), Japan (n=362), Korea (n=386), and the USA (n=580). The invariance process involved carrying out a series of confirmatory factor analyses with progressively more restrictive constraints.

Findings
– Results show the SR scale to be reliable and valid across culturally and religiously diverse countries. Implications of the findings are also discussed.

Originality/value
– Based on Katz (1988) this is a new scale to measure SR and its measurement invariance is assessed across culturally divergent countries.
Factors obstructing intentions to trust and purchase products online
Authors: Kaur Gurjeet , Khanam Quareshi Tahira 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore reasons for not buying products through online. The study also tries to explain the relationship between intentions to trust (IT) and online purchase intentions.

Design/methodology/approach
– Data were collected through well-structured instrument, distributed to 226 students of Masters of Business Administration and Masters of Computer Applications departments of a north Indian University. Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modelling were used to analyse the data and to test the formulated hypotheses.

Findings
– The results of the study highlight that 90 per cent of the respondents are aware about online shopping sites but only 38 per cent are online buyers of various products. Major reasons for not shopping are lack of security, absence of physical examination and testing of products, lack of product’s complete information, unattractive visual displays and layouts, etc. However, it is observed that nearly 79 per cent respondents have positive intentions to buy products online in near future.

Research limitations/implications
– There is a need to study actual online buying behaviour. Also, models like Technology Acceptance Model and Diffusion of Innovation have not been studied. As the study was confined to students only, it can be replicated to other age group consumer segments and extended to other emerging economies as well. There is a need to take into consideration some other important dimensions in the future studies, namely, predictability, familiarity, third party certification, attitude, ease of use, perceived risk, etc., for the better analysis of behaviour.

Practical implications
– E-vendors must properly implement money back guarantee schemes when there is non-delivery of ordered goods, provide dispute resolution system, instil confidence in customers, highlight security, privacy policy, display contacts details, etc., to increase customers’ IT and purchase products online.

Originality/value
– The paper identifies the factors that obstruct customer to purchase products online. More particularly, in Indian context the present study makes valuable contribution as the Indians have been reported to be techno phobic and uncertainty avoidant.
Remunerating non-executive directors with stock options: who is ignoring the regulator?
Authors: Seamer Michael , Melia Adrian 
Published: October 2015

Purpose– This paper aims to investigate the incidence of remunerating Australian Securities Exchange (ASX)-listed non-executive directors (NEDs) with options and to determine whether companies that fail to adhere to NED remuneration recommendations share a common corporate governance profile. Despite corporate regulators condemning the practice of remunerating NEDs with stock options, there is a paucity of evidence regarding its prevalence in Australia.Design/methodology/approach– Focusing on ASX400 companies during 2008, a series of hypotheses relating NED stock option remuneration and corporate governance are tested using logistic regression.Findings– The study shows that the prevalence and quantum of NED option payments during 2008 was considerable with 73 of the ASX400 companies, including options in NED remuneration (option payers). Comparison of the corporate governance characteristics of option payers to that of a matched control group (non-option payers) highlighted both the existence and independence of the remuneration committee as critical in ensuring NED remuneration practices comply with regulator recommendations.Research limitations/implications– These results provide regulators and stakeholder groups with additional evidence to continue to call for corporate governance reforms to ensure that corporate remuneration practices are in the best interest of shareholders.Originality/value– This study is the first to highlight the extent to which Australian-listed company NED remuneration practices fail to comply with regulator recommendations and adds to the limited research on remuneration committee effectiveness.
Nursing experiences of clinical governance implementation: a qualitative study
Authors: Sadeghi-Bazargani Homayoun , Tabrizi Jafar Sadegh , Saadati Mohammad , Hassanzadeh Roya , Alizadeh Gisoo 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– Clinical governance (CG) was used as a driver to improve safety and quality of healthcare. CG implementing is a change in health system and all the stakeholders must be participating. The purpose of this paper is to study nurses’ experience about CG movement in Tabriz hospitals.

Design/methodology/approach
– A qualitative study using Focus Group Discussions (FGD) was done. Purposeful Sampling was used to select the objectives including 65 participants. Actually seven FGD’s were held. Content analysis was used to extract the meaningful themes.

Findings
– It is revealed that nurses are the focal point in CG implementation in hospitals. Low commitment of managers and lack of physicians’ contribution was experienced by nurses. However, personnel education and development and patient safety have got more attention. Blame culture and increased work stress was reported as challenges.

Originality/value
– CG as a change in healthcare system, especially in low- and middle-income countries, is faced by several challenges and its implementation would have different experiences. Nursing staff, the major group in hospitals, would be having interesting experiences through CG. Their practical opinions could guide the policy makers to employ proper plans to effectively implement CG. Considering the result of this study in practice would lead to improve CG implementation.
Clinical Governance Review 20:4
Authors: MacVane Phipps Fiona 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to provide a quick overview of the current journal content.

Design/methodology/approach
– A review of five papers.

Findings
– The review section brings together the differing aspects of clinical governance discussed in the current journal.

Originality/value
– The review section enables readers to prioritise articles with the most relevance for their needs or particular fields of healthcare.
The future multiple
Authors: Rowland Nicholas J. , Spaniol Matthew J. 
Published: October 2015

Purpose– This paper asks “Why is the future in futures studies plural?” The attitude toward inquiry, based on post-actor-network theory (ANT) literature, positions philosophical questions about the ontological character of the future within the context of “planning” for it (i.e. in practice). Multiplicity, as a post-ANT sensibility, helps one make sense of the empirical materials. This paper examines the possibility that rather than being alternatives to one another, plural futures and the singular future might co-exist in practice, and, thus, constitute a multiplicity.Design/methodology/approach– In this case study, “planning” is narrative scenario planning. The second author facilitates dialogue-based long-term strategic scenario planning processes, primarily in Scandinavia and Northern Europe, and contributes a wealth of professional experience to the project. The first author, an academic, shadows the second author. This paper examines experiential and observational data for evidence of the ontological character of the future. Elements of a typical scenario planning process, in this case, about the possibility of crewless (i.e. unmanned) shipping vessels are demonstrated – although, insight into the crewless ship is submerged by our analytical attentiveness to the ontology of the future.Findings– The findings bear on what sort of “object” the future is. Practices associated with planning for the future appear to transform it so that one future becomes many, and, without irony, managing the growing number of futures seems to be a core function of planning for the future. The implication is that neither plural futures nor the singular future is – individually – satisfactory to capture what is found in practice. It is both plural and singular; ontologically, it is the future multiple.Originality/value– The original contribution is in demonstrating how plural futures and the singular future co-exist in practice. Thus, an eclipse of the future by futures can only ever be partial. For “futures” to be conceptually potent, “the future” must be at least provisionally believable and occasionally useful. Otherwise, if “the future” were so preposterous an idea, then “futures” would cease to be a critical alternative to it. Futures needs the future; they are relationally bound together in a multiplicity. This paper considers what such a logical reality implies for a field that distances itself from the future and self-identifies with futures.