bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peerwise provides significant academic benefits to biological science students across diverse learning tasks, but with minimal instructor intervention
Authors: McQueen H. A. , Shields C. , Finnegan D. J. , Higham J. , Simmen M. W. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe demonstrate that student engagement with PeerWise, an online tool that allows students to author and answer multiple‐choice questions (MCQs), is associated with enhanced academic performance across diverse assessment types on a second year Genetics course. Benefits were consistent over three course deliveries, with differential benefits bestowed on groups of different prior ability. A rating scheme, to assess the educational quality of students' questions, is presented and demonstrates that our students are able intuitively to make such quality assessments, and that the process of authoring high quality questions alone does not explain the academic benefits. We further test the benefits of providing additional PeerWise support and conclude that PeerWise works efficiently with minimal intervention, and can be reliably assessed using automatically generated PeerWise scores. © 2014 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 42(5):371–381, 2014.
Synthesis of (Poly)fluorobiphenyls through Metal‐catalyzed CH Bond Activation/Arylation of (Poly)fluorobenzene Derivatives
Authors: He Mian , Soulé Jean‐François , Doucet Henri 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn recent years, palladium‐catalyzed direct arylation of (hetero)aromatics with aryl halides through a CH bond activation has become a popular method for generating carbon–carbon bonds. A wide variety of heteroaromatics such as furans, thiophenes, thiazoles, or even pyridines can be employed to prepare arylated heterocycles. Conversely, the formation of biphenyl derivatives through CH bond activation has attracted less attention, owing to the lower reactivity of CH bonds of most benzene derivatives. However, over the last few years several new results using modified and improved catalysts and reaction conditions, especially using polyfluorobenzene derivatives, have been reported permitting the synthesis of fluoro‐containing biphenyl derivatives at synthetically useful yields. As fluoro‐substituents on benzene rings appear to present a very specific effect, which promote such couplings, we summarize here the various methods allowing the synthesis of fluoro‐containing biaryls by metal‐catalyzed so called “direct arylation” of (poly)fluorobenzene derivatives. For most of these reactions, aryl halides have been used as the coupling partners, though a several examples employing other coupling partners, such as tosylates or boronic acids, are also known. Moreover, the reaction can be performed with several metal catalysts. This methodology allows the synthesis of complex molecules containing fluorine atoms in only a few steps, and will certainly give the access to a very wide variety of new fluorinated biphenyls useful to both material and biochemists.
The Electron Transfer Series [MoIII(bpy)3]n (n=3+, 2+, 1+, 0, 1−), and the Dinuclear Species [{MoIIICl(Mebpy)2}2(μ2‐O)]Cl2 and [{MoIV(tpy.)2}2(μ2‐MoO4)](PF6)2⋅4 MeCN
Authors: Wang Mei , Weyhermüller Thomas , Wieghardt Karl 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe electronic structures of the five members of the electron transfer series [Mo(bpy)3]n (n=3+, 2+, 1+, 0, 1−) are determined through a combination of techniques: electro‐ and magnetochemistry, UV/Vis and EPR spectroscopies, and X‐ray crystallography. The mono‐ and dication are prepared and isolated as PF6 salts for the first time. It is shown that all species contain a central MoIII ion (4d3). The successive one‐electron reductions/oxidations within the series are all ligand‐based, involving neutral (bpy0), the π‐radical anion (bpy.)1−, and the diamagnetic dianion (bpy2−)2−: [MoIII(bpy0)3]3+ (S=3/2), [MoIII(bpy.)(bpy0)2]2+ (S=1), [MoIII(bpy.)2(bpy0)]1+ (S=1/2), [MoIII(bpy.)3] (S=0), and [MoIII(bpy.)2(bpy2−)]1− (S=1/2). The previously described diamagnetic dication “[MoII(bpy0)3](BF4)2” is proposed to be a diamagnetic dinuclear species [{Mo(bpy)3}2(μ2‐O)](BF4)4. Two new polynuclear complexes are prepared and structurally characterized: [{MoIIICl(Mebpy0)2}2(μ2‐O)]Cl2 and [{MoIV(tpy.)2}2(μ2‐MoVIO4)](PF6)2⋅4 MeCN.
ChemInform Abstract: Polymorphism in Li2MSiO4 (M: Fe, Mn): A Variable Temperature Diffraction Study.
Authors: Armstrong A. Robert , Sirisopanaporn Chutchamon , Adamson Paul , Billaud Juliette , Dominko Robert , Masquelier Christian , Bruce Peter G. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractLi2FeSiO4 (I) is prepared by hydrothermal synthesis using stoichiometric quantities of SiO2, FeCl2, and LiOH (autoclave, 200 °C, 6 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Ag1+xTlO2 (0.03 ≤ x ≤ 0.18), Novel Adaptations of the Delafossite Structure Type Featuring Subvalent Silver.
Authors: Nuss Juergen , Dietrich Volker , Curda Jan , Jansen Martin 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPhase‐pure Ag1+xTlO2 (x: 0.18 (I), 0.09 (II), 0.03 (III)) are prepared by reacting Ag2O and TlNO3 or Tl2O3 in autoclaves (Au tube, 420 °C, O2 pressure of 135 MPa for (I), 400 °C, 200 h, 48 MPa for (II), and 200 °C, 14 d for (III)).
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple, Rapid, and Efficient N‐Boc Protection of Amines under Ultrasound Irradiation and Catalyst‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Amira Aicha , K'tir Hacene , Berredjem Malika , Aouf Nour‐Eddine 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA green and fast method for the N‐Boc protection of structurally diverse amines under mild conditions is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Ullmann‐Type Synthesis of Diaryl Ethers Assisted by Salicylaldimine Ligands.
Authors: Qian Cun‐Wei , Lv Wen‐Lin , Zong Qian‐Shou , Wang Mao‐Yuan , Fang Dong 
Published: June 2014

Abstract2‐[(2‐Isopropylphenylimino)methyl]phenol is found to be an efficient, cheap, and facile ligand for the CuX‐catalyzed O‐arylation of phenols with aryl iodides and bromides.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Aryl Alkyl Thioethers and Diaryl Disulfides Using Carbon Disulfide as a Sulfur Surrogate in the Presence of Diethylamine Catalyzed by Copper(I) Iodide in Polyethylene Glycol (PEG200).
Authors: Firouzabadi Habib , Iranpoor Nasser , Samadi Arash 
Published: June 2014

AbstractSodium N,N‐diethyldithiocarbamate which serves as sulfur source is prepared in situ using CS2 in combination with NaOH and diethylamine.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper—Schiff Base Complex Catalyzed Oxidation of Sulfides with Hydrogen Peroxide.
Authors: Gogoi Prasanta , Kalita Mukul , Bhattacharjee Tirtha , Barman Pranjit 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA facile protocol including a copper—Schiff base catalyst allows the selective oxidation of aryl and alkyl sulfides to the corresponding sulfoxides.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Mixed Phenol/Heterocyclic Derivatives and Studies of Their Activity as Inhibitors of Bax/Bcl‐xL Interaction.
Authors: Vo Duc Duy , Gautier Fabien , Barille‐Nion Sophie , Juin Philippe , Levoin Nicolas , Gree Rene 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe syntheses of a variety of mixed phenol/heterocyclic compounds is described, including triazole (IV), which exhibits very promising activity in the inhibition of Bax/Bcl‐xL interaction (more than selected reference compound ABT 737).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Benzofuran‐Containing Spirolactones from Diarylcyclopropenones.
Authors: Syu Jia‐Ru , Lin Chi‐Hui , Kuo Chiao‐Wen , Yang Ding‐Yah 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBenzofuran‐containing spirolactones are formed by a copper‐catalyzed heterodimerization of 1,2‐diarylcyclopropenones followed by stepwise BBr3‐promoted demethylation.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Pyrazole Fused [6‐7‐5] Tricyclic Frameworks via Intramolecular Friedel—Crafts Reaction of Morita—Baylis—Hillman Adducts.
Authors: Zhong Weihui , Tu Aiping , Chen Kai , Liu Yanbin , Hu Weibo , Chen Xiao 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA prolonged reaction time leads to the formation of isomers.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Bicyclic N‐Methylpyrazoline and Pyrazole Derivatives from α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones and N,N‐Dimethylhydrazine: An Illustration of Reductive Cyclization.
Authors: Panda A. K. , Das U. , Quail J. W. , Dimmock J. R. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe reaction of N,N‐dimethylhydrazine with arylideneketones gives rise to the formation of bicyclic pyrazoline and N‐methylpyrazole derivatives instead of hydrazones or Michael addition products.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies on Polymaxenolides: Model Studies for Constructing Dihydropyran Portion and Synthesis of Lower Portion.
Authors: Matsuda Yutaka , Kato Masaya , Kawaguchi Tomonori , Koyama Takayuki , Saikawa Yoko , Nakata Masaya 
Published: June 2014

AbstractKey building blocks of polymaxenolide (I) are prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Some Novel Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Pyridine Bis‐1,2,4‐triazoles and Bis‐1,3,4‐thiadiazoles.
Authors: Foroughifar Naser , Mobinikhaledi Akbar , Rafiee Abdolhossein 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAll products are purified by recrystallization.
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium‐Catalyzed Diborylation of Benzylic C—H Bonds Directed by a Hydrosilyl Group: Synthesis of 1,1‐Benzyldiboronate Esters.
Authors: Cho Seung Hwan , Hartwig John F. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe C—H activation is achieved with ‐SiHMe2 as a traceless directing group, which can be easily removed under standard conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Cembranoid Diterpenes from the Soft Coral Lobophytum crassum and Their Antiinflammatory Activities
Authors: Cuong Nguyen Xuan , Thao Nguyen Phuong , Luyen Bui Thi Thuy , Ngan Nguyen Thi Thanh , Thuy Dinh Thi Thu , Song Seok Bean , Nam Nguyen Hoai , Kiem Phan Van , Kim Young Ho , Minh Chau Van 
Published: June 2014

Abstractisolation, structure determination and antiinflammatory effects of nine cembranoid diterpenes including four new compounds, crassumols D—G (I)—(IV), respectively
ChemInform Abstract: Nortriterpenoids from Schisandra chinensis and Their Absolute Configurational Assignments by Electronic Circular Dichroism Study.
Authors: Sun Han‐Dong , et al. et al. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractTwelve new nortriterpenoids, namely wuweizidilactones J‐P [e.g. O (II)], schindilactones I‐K [e.g. I (I)], preschisanartanin N (III) and schisdilactone J, are isolated together with 23 known analogs.
ChemInform Abstract: Biphenyls from Aerial Parts of Ribes takare.
Authors: Chen Xiao‐Zhen , Lu Sheng‐Ming , Li Guo‐You , Jiao Wei , Huang Tian‐Fang , Yang Tao , Fang Dong‐Mei 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThree new biphenyls are isolated together with 18 already known compounds.
Study of Different Diurnal Variations of Summer Long‐Duration Rainfall Between the Southern and Northern Parts of the Huai River
Authors: Wei‐Hua YUAN , Ru‐Cong YU , Yun‐Fei FU 
Published: June 2014

AbstractUsing the hourly rain gauge data of 285 stations from 1961–2006, the diurnal variations of rainfall with different duration time over the eastern China were studied. The short‐duration rainfall over the whole eastern China peaks around 17 Beijing Time (BJT), but the peak time of long‐duration rainfall exhibits significant regional differences. Long‐duration rainfall over the northern (southern) parts of the Huai River presents the peaks during 02–06 (06–10) BJT. The regional differences exist in rainfall amount, frequency and intensity, but they are more obvious in the rainfall intensity and heavy long‐duration rainfall. Further analysis shows that the differences in rainfall peaks are contributed by the mean start time and the time between the start and peak of rainfall events jointly. Besides, the possible reasons, accounting for the different diurnal peaks of long‐duration rainfall over the southern and northern parts of the Huai River, have also been discussed.
Study on the Effect of Zipingpu Reservoir on the Occurrence of 2008 Wenchuan MS7.9 Earthquake Based on a 3D‐Poroelastic Model
Authors: Yu‐Jun SUN , Huai ZHANG , Shu‐Wen DONG , Liang ZHENG , Bei ZHANG , Hui‐Hong CHENG , Yao‐Lin SHI 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIt has been well recognized that large reservoir may induce earthquake. After May 12th, 2012 Wenchuan MS7.9 earthquake, people turn to think that it might be triggered by the impoundment of Zipingpu reservoir, which is located a few kilometers away from the epicenter of this devastating event. This scientific issue is still under hot debating to date in both geodynamics and seismology communities. In this paper, we first propose a 3D finite element numerical model of Zipingpu reservoir region based on the poroelastic scenario. Based on the water level fluctuation record of Zipingpu reservoir from the very beginning of impoundment to the occurrence of 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, we calculate the pore pressure and the change of Coulomb stress on the fault plane. Then, we discuss the effects of elastic modulus and diffusivity of fault gouge and materials around the faults. Our primary results indicate that the elastic modulus of fault gouge and the materials around the faults have relatively neglectable effect, compared to that of the diffusive coefficient, on the Coulomb stress change at the hypocenter of this earthquake. The Coulomb stress change at the hypocenter increases coherently with the increasing diffusivity of the faults and their neighboring areas. Given the values of elastic modulus and diffusivity in our model, the change of Coulomb stress at the hypocenter obtained is around 1 kPa when Wenchuan MS7.9 earthquake happened. From the local earthquake catalog after the impoundment of the reservoir, the seismicity activities around Zipingpu reservoir regions does intensified, although the magnitudes of them are almost no more than MS2.2. However, we find that most of the small events happened before Wenchuan MS7.9 earthquake are located in the region of Coulomb stress increases, which indicates that most of the small earthquakes could have direct relationship with the impoundment of Zipingpu reservoir.
Breast reconstruction after mastectomy among Department of Defense beneficiaries by race
Authors: Enewold Lindsey R. , McGlynn Katherine A. , Zahm Shelia H. , Poudrier Jill , Anderson William F. , Shriver Craig D. , Zhu Kangmin 
Published: June 2014

BACKGROUNDPostmastectomy breast reconstruction increased approximately 20% between 1998 and 2008 in the United States and has been found to improve body image, self‐esteem, and quality of life. These procedures, however, tend to be less common among minority women, which may be due to variations in health care access. The Department of Defense provides equal health care access, thereby affording an exceptional environment in which to assess whether racial variations persist when access to care is equal.METHODSLinked Department of Defense cancer registry and medical claims data were used. The receipt of reconstruction was compared between white women (n = 2974) and black women (n = 708) who underwent mastectomies to treat incident histologically confirmed breast cancer diagnosed from 1998 through 2007.RESULTSDuring the study period, postmastectomy reconstruction increased among both black (27.3% to 40.0%) and white (21.8% to 40.6%) female patients with breast cancer. Receipt of reconstruction did not vary significantly by race (odds ratio, 0.93; 95% confidence interval, 0.76‐1.15). Reconstruction decreased significantly with increasing age, tumor stage, and receipt of radiotherapy and was significantly more common in more recent years and among active servicewomen, TRICARE Prime (health maintenance organization) beneficiaries, and women whose sponsor was an officer.CONCLUSIONSThe receipt of breast reconstruction did not vary by race within this equal‐access health system, indicating that the racial disparities reported in previous studies may have been due in part to variations in access to health care. Additional research to determine why a large percentage of patients with breast cancer do not undergo reconstruction might be beneficial, particularly because these procedures have been associated with noncosmetic benefits. Cancer 2014;120:3033–3039. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Under‐representation of racial minorities in prostate cancer studies submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration to support potential marketing approval, 1993‐2013
Authors: Wissing Michel D. , Kluetz Paul G. , Ning Yang‐Min , Bull Jonca , Merenda Christine , Murgo Anthony J. , Pazdur Richard 
Published: June 2014

BACKGROUNDUS Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of new drugs depends on results from clinical trials that must be generalized to the US population. However, racial minorities are frequently under‐represented in clinical studies. The enrollment of racial minorities was compared in key clinical studies submitted to the FDA in the last 10 years in support of potential marketing approval for prostate cancer (PCa) prevention or treatment.METHODSPatient demographic data were obtained from archival data sets of large registration trials submitted to the FDA to support proposed PCa indications. Six countries/regions were analyzed: the United States, Canada, Australia, Europe, the United Kingdom, and Eastern Europe. Background racial demographics were collected from national census data.RESULTSSeventeen key PCa clinical trials were analyzed. These trials were conducted in the past 20 years, comprising 39,574 patients with known racial information. Most patients were enrolled in the United States, but there appeared to be a trend toward increased non‐US enrollment over time. In all countries, racial minorities were generally under‐represented. There was no significant improvement in racial minority enrollment over time. The United States enrolled the largest nonwhite population (7.1%).CONCLUSIONSOver the past 20 years, racial minorities were consistently under‐represented in key PCa trials. There is a need for effective measures that will improve enrollment of racial minorities. With increased global enrollment, drug developers should aim to recruit a patient population that resembles the racial demographics of the patient population to which drug use will be generalized upon approval. Cancer 2014;120:3025–3032. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Maturation of membrane properties of neurons in the rat deep cerebellar nuclei
Authors: Wang Desheng , Schreurs Bernard G. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTPatch clamp recordings of neurons in the adult rat deep cerebellar nuclei have been limited by the availability of viable brain slices. Using a new slicing technique, this study was designed to explore the maturation of membrane properties of neurons in the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN)—an area involved in rat eyeblink conditioning. Compared to whole‐cell current–clamp recordings in DCN in rat pups at postnatal day 16 (P16) to P21, recordings from weanling rats at P22–P40 revealed a number of significant changes including an increase in the amplitude of the afterhyperpolarization (AHP)—an index of membrane excitability which has been shown to be important for eyeblink conditioning—a prolonged interval between the first and second evoked action potential, and an increase in AHP amplitude for hyperpolarization‐induced rebound spikes. This is the first report of developmental changes in membrane properties of DCN which may contribute to the ontogeny of eyeblink conditioning in the rat. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 74: 1268–1276, 2014
Synthesis of N,N‐Disubstituted 3‐Amino‐1,4‐diynes and 3‐Amino‐1‐ynes by Addition of Alkynyldimethylaluminum Reagents to N,N‐Disubstituted Formamides and N,O‐Acetals
Authors: Korbad Balaji L. , Lee Sang‐Hyeup 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA wide range of alkynyldimethylaluminum reagents, which were derived from terminal alkynes and trimethylaluminum, underwent a double addition to N,N‐disubstituted formamides and their acetals to provide the corresponding N,N‐disubstituted 3‐amino‐1,4‐diynes in moderate to excellent yields. Also, these reagents smoothly underwent the addition to N,O‐acetals to give the corresponding N,N‐disubstituted 3‐amino‐1‐ynes in excellent yields.
Nonparametric estimation of wave dispersion in high‐rise buildings by seismic interferometry
Authors: Ebrahimian Mahdi , Rahmani Mohammadtaghi , Todorovska Maria I. 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARYInterferometric identification and health monitoring of high‐rise buildings has been gaining increasing interest in recent years. The wave dispersion in the structure has been largely ignored in these efforts but needs to be considered to further develop these methods. In this paper, (i) the goodness of estimation of vertical wave velocity in buildings, as function of frequency, by two nonparametric interferometric techniques is examined, using realistic fixed‐base Timoshenko beam benchmark models. Such models are convenient because the variation of phase and group velocities with frequency can be derived theoretically. The models are those of the NS and EW responses of Millikan Library. One of the techniques, deconvolution interferometry, estimates the phase velocity on a frequency band from phase difference between motions at two locations in the structure, while the other one estimates it approximately at the resonant frequencies based on standing wave patterns. The paper also (ii) examines the modeling error in wave velocity profiles identified by fitting layered shear beam in broader band impulse response functions of buildings with significant bending flexibility. This error may affect inferences on the spatial distribution of damage from detected changes in such velocity profiles. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bioresorbable ureteral stents from natural origin polymers
Authors: Barros Alexandre A. , Rita Ana , Duarte C. , Pires Ricardo A. , Sampaio‐Marques Belém , Ludovico Paula , Lima Estevão , Mano João F. , Reis Rui L. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn this work, stents were produced from natural origin polysaccharides. Alginate, gellan gum, and a blend of these with gelatin were used to produce hollow tube (stents) following a combination of templated gelation and critical point carbon dioxide drying. Morphological analysis of the surface of the stents was carried out by scanning electron microscopy. Indwelling time, encrustation, and stability of the stents in artificial urine solution was carried out up to 60 days of immersion.In vitrostudies carried out with simulated urine demonstrated that the tubes present a high fluid uptake ability, about 1000%. Despite this, the materials are able to maintain their shape and do not present an extensive swelling behavior. The bioresorption profile was observed to be highly dependent on the composition of the stent and it can be tuned. Complete dissolution of the materials may occur between 14 and 60 days. Additionally, no encrustation was observed within the tested timeframe. The ability to resist bacterial adherence was evaluated with Gram‐positiveStaphylococcus aureusand two Gram‐negativesEscherichia coliDH5 alpha andKlebsiella oxytoca. ForK. oxytoca, no differences were observed in comparison with a commercial stent (Biosoft®duo, Porges), although, forS. aureusall tested compositions had a higher inhibition of bacterial adhesion compared to the commercial stents. In case ofE. coli, the addition of gelatin to the formulations reduced the bacterial adhesion in a highly significant manner compared to the commercial stents. The stents produced by the developed technology fulfill the requirements for ureteral stents and will contribute in the development of biocompatible and bioresorbable urinary stents. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B: 608–617, 2015.