bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of fumonisins B1 and B2 in Chinese rice wine by HPLC using AQC precolumn derivatisation
Authors: Ma Liyan , Xu Wentao , He Xiaoyun , Huang Kunlun , Wang Yan , Luo Yunbo 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Fumonisins are a group of naturally occurring mycotoxins produced by various Fusarium species that commonly infect maize and other cereals, including sorghum and rice. In this study a sensitive and selective method was developed for the determination of fumonisins B1 and B2 (FB1 and FB2) in Chinese rice wine. The method is based on high‐performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection following precolumn derivatisation with 6‐aminoquinolyl‐N‐hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate (AQC).RESULTS: FB1 and FB2 in Chinese rice wine were extracted and purified using strong anion exchange cartridges and derivatised with AQC at room temperature. The AQC derivatives were stable for 5 days. Optimal fluorescence was obtained at an excitation wavelength of 246 nm and an emission wavelength of 390 nm. Chromatography was performed using a C18 column and gradient elution at 1 mL min−1 with methanol and 0.05 mol L−1 phosphate buffer at pH 4. The limit of detection was 6 µg L−1 for both FB1 and FB2. The method was successfully applied to the determination of FB1 and FB2 in Chinese rice wine, with recoveries of 87.5–94.5% being obtained.CONCLUSION: The established method was stable and sensitive for the determination of FB1 and FB2 in Chinese rice wine. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Maintaining quality and bioactive compounds of broccoli by combined treatment with 1‐methylcyclopropene and 6‐benzylaminopurine
Authors: Xu Feng , Chen Xuehong , Yang Zhenfeng , Jin Peng , Wang Kaituo , Shang Haitao , Wang Xiaoli , Zheng Yonghua 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBACKGOUND: Broccoli deteriorates very quickly after harvest at ambient temperature due to the loss of green colour and the consequent yellowing of florets. To search for an effective method to control quality deterioration, the effect of 1‐methylcyclopropene (1‐MCP) combined with 6‐benzylaminopurine (6‐BA) treatment on visual quality, antioxidant enzymes and bioactive compounds in broccoli florets were investigated.RESULTS: A combined treatment of 2.5 µL L−1 1‐MCP and 200 mg L−1 6‐BA significantly reduced the increase of lightness (L*) value, and retained a high level for the hue value (H) and chlorophyll content. Superoxide dismutase, ascobate peroxidase and catalase activities increased while the activity of peroxidase decreased during storage in treated samples in comparison with the controls. The combined treatment enhanced the biosynthesis of glucosinolate and the formation of the anticarcinogen sulforaphane, which improved the health benefit of broccoli.CONCLUSION: These results indicate that a combined treatment of 1‐MCP and 6‐BA could be a good candidate for maintaining the visual quality and enhancing the nutritional value in broccoli during storage at 15 °C. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Representativeness of diabetes patients participating in a web‐based adverse drug reaction monitoring system
Authors: Härmark Linda , Alberts Susanne , van Puijenbroek Eugène , Denig Petra , van Grootheest Kees 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTPurposeLareb Intensive Monitoring, LIM, is a non‐interventional observational cohort method which follows first‐time users of certain drugs during a certain period of time and collects information about adverse drug reactions, ADRs. In order for LIM to be a useful pharmacovigilance tool, it is important to know whether the LIM population is comparable to the whole population using the drug.The aim of this study is to compare the LIM diabetes population with an external diabetes reference population on characteristics that may influence the patient's susceptibility for ADRs.MethodsIn this study, a LIM diabetes population was compared to a reference diabetes population derived from The Groningen Initiative to ANalyse Type 2 diabetes Treatment project. Comparisons were made regarding age, gender, body mass index and polypharmacy, as well as diabetes medication used and disease/treatment duration.ResultsLIM patients were more often men (58.5% vs 50.8%) and in general younger (59.1 vs 64.7 years) and healthier, by that meaning they had a higher percentage of de novo treated patients (55.5% vs 53.2%), a shorter diabetes treatment duration (3.7 vs 5.5 years) and used less co‐medication than patients in the reference population.ConclusionsThis study shows that diabetes patients participating in a web‐based intensive monitoring system differ from a reference population. The observed differences might lead to an underestimation of ADRs, but it is not clear whether this would also influence the type or time‐course of the reported ADRs. When interpreting results from LIM studies, one should take these differences into account. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Different filler effect of carbon nanotube and graphene nanoplatelet in the poly(arylene ether nitrile) matrix
Authors: Yang Xulin , Wang Zicheng , Zhan Yingqing , Yang Jian , Zou Yanke , Zhao Rui , Liu Xiaobo 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe different filler effects of identical nitrile‐functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNs) in a poly(arylene ether nitrile) (PEEN) matrix were investigated. PEEN/CNT and PEEN/GN composites were prepared by a facile solution‐casting method and systematically investigated for their differences in morphological, thermal and rheological properties. In the PEEN matrix GNs contact one another in a plane‐to‐plane manner, while CNTs are separated. Compared with PEEN/CNT composites, PEEN/GN composites below 2 wt% filler content exhibited higher thermal stability. Rheological properties of the resulting composites indicated that PEEN/GN composites were more sensitive to strain and exhibited higher η*, G′ and G″ than PEEN/CNT composites. The rheological percolation for CNTs is over 2 wt%, higher than that for GNs (around 1 wt%). All these differences originate from the different dimensions and structures of CNTs and GNs: GNs with a flake‐like structure and larger surface area can have stronger physical and interfacial interactions with the polymer matrix. This work gives a comparative view of the different filler effects that functionalized CNTs and GNs can have in the polymer host. With identical processing technology, GNs can show a stronger filler effect than CNTs. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Preparation of polystyrene/poly[2‐methoxy‐5‐(2′‐ethylhexyloxy)‐p‐phenylenevinylene] fluorescent microspheres by miniemulsion polymerization
Authors: Zhang Jianjun , Gao Ge , Liu Fengqi , Foster Neil R , Chen Jianfeng 
Published: August 2012

AbstractFluorescent microspheres have great potential for use as probes in biological diagnostics. In this context, poly[2‐methoxy‐5‐(2′‐ethylhexyloxy)‐p‐phenylenevinylene] (MEH‐PPV), a conjugated polymer which has high quantum yield, controllable emitting wavelength and facile processing in manufacture, was used as a fluorescent material for the preparation of polystyrene (PS)/MEH‐PPV fluorescent microspheres via miniemulsion polymerization. We demonstrate that the emitting wavelength of the PS/MEH‐PPV fluorescent microspheres can be regulated by changing the amount of azobisisobutyronitrile initiator in the polymerization process. Using acrylic acid comonomer, poly[styrene‐co‐(acrylic acid)]/MEH‐PPV fluorescent microspheres with functional carboxyl groups were also prepared. All the microspheres were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, fluorescence microscopy and fluorescence spectrophotometry. The functional carboxyl groups were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. This work provides a novel platform for the preparation of conjugated polymer fluorescent microspheres for biological applications. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Deformation and orientation in filled rubbers on the nano‐ and microscale studied by X‐ray scattering
Authors: Brüning Karsten , Schneider Konrad , Heinrich Gert 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe orientation and deformation mechanisms in the filler and in the matrix of filled natural rubber were studied by ultra small‐angle X‐ray scattering (USAXS) and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) performed on rubber samples stretched in situ. Using model fillers that give a signal in the wide and in the small‐angle region allowed us to correlate the models developed to interpret the USAXS data with the information obtained from the WAXD data. Due to the simple geometries of aragonite and nano‐sized aluminum oxide, which served as model fillers, an analytical description using form factors can well represent the experimental two‐dimensional USAXS data of oriented stretched samples. Besides the study of the filler structure, an attempt was made to resolve the local strain in the matrix. We took advantage of the peculiar property of natural rubber, that is, strain‐induced crystallization, to unravel the matrix strain by measuring the degree of crystallinity. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2012
The Regional Dimension of Intergenerational Proximity in the Netherlands
Authors: van der Pers Marieke , Mulder Clara H. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTPrevious research has shown the impact of individual characteristics on intergenerational proximity but has largely ignored the regional dimension of such proximity. In this paper, we examine the regional variation in intergenerational proximity in the Netherlands. We address this issue by incorporating indicators of urbanisation and regional culture in an analysis of the likelihood that adult children live within daily reach (within a distance of 5 or 20 km) of their older parents. We also depict the spatial variation in intergenerational proximity in maps. Employing logistic regression on nearly 5 million parent–child dyads extracted from register data, we find that the degree of urbanisation of the residential municipality of the two generations shows contrasting effects: a positive association for the degree of urbanisation of the parents' municipality, a negative association for the children's. Older parents living in areas in which more conservative and collectivist attitudes prevail are more likely to have their adult children living close to them. After accounting for the municipality dummies, the explanatory power of the model improves considerably. However, substantial spatial variation in intergenerational proximity remains largely unexplained after controlling for the regional characteristics. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electronic energy functionals: Levy–Lieb principle within the ground state path integral quantum Monte Carlo
Authors: Delle Site Luigi , Ghiringhelli Luca M. , Ceperley David M. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe propose a theoretical/computational protocol based on the use of the Ground State Path Integral Quantum Monte Carlo for the calculation of the kinetic and Coulomb energy density for a system of N interacting electrons in an external potential. The idea is based on the derivation of the energy densities via the (N − 1)‐conditional probability density within the framework of the Levy–Lieb constrained search principle. The consequences for the development of energy functionals within the context of density functional theory are discussed. We propose also the possibility of going beyond the energy densities and extend this idea to a computational procedure where the (N − 1)‐conditional probability is an implicit functional of the electron density, independently from the external potential. In principle, such a procedure paves the way for an on‐the‐fly determination of the energy functional for any system. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Combining expert knowledge with automatic feature extraction for reliable web attack detection
Authors: Torrano‐Gimenez Carmen , Nguyen Hai Thanh , Alvarez Gonzalo , Franke Katrin 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIn the detection of web attacks, it is necessary that Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) are effective, at the same time than efficient. In this paper, we propose a new methodology for web attack detection that enhances these two aspects of WAFs. It involves both feature construction and feature selection. For the feature construction phase, many professionals rely on their expert knowledge to define a set of important features, what normally leads to high and reliable attack detection rates. Nevertheless, it is a manual process and not quickly adaptive to the changing network environments. Alternatively, automatic feature construction methods (such as n‐grams) overcome this drawback, but they provide unreliable results. Therefore, in this paper, we propose to combine expert knowledge with n‐gram feature construction method for reliable and efficient web attack detection. However, the number of n‐grams grows exponentially with n, which usually leads to high dimensionality problems. Hence, we propose to apply feature selection to reduce the number of redundant and irrelevant features. In particular, we study the recently proposed Generic Feature Selection (GeFS) measure, which has been successfully tested in intrusion detection systems. Additionally, we use several decision tree algorithms as classifiers of WAFs. The experiments are conducted on the publicly available ECML/PKDD 2007 dataset. The results show that the combination of expert knowledge and n‐grams outperforms each separate technique and that the GeFS measure can greatly reduce the number of features, thus enhancing both the effectiveness and efficiency of WAFs. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New construction of affiliation‐hiding authenticated group key agreement
Authors: Xu Chang , Guo Hua , Li Zhoujun , Mu Yi 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTIn CT‐RSA 2007, Jarecki, Kim, and Tsudik introduced the notion of affiliation‐hiding authenticated group key agreement (AH‐AGKA) protocols and presented two concrete AH‐AGKA protocols. In this paper, we will show that these protocols have some drawbacks. We will also introduce the notion of affiliation‐hiding authenticated asymmetric group key agreement (AH‐AAGKA) and present an AH‐AAGKA protocol. AH‐AAGKA protocols allow the participants of a group to establish a common encryption key associated with several decryption keys; each of which can only be computed by the corresponding legitimate participant. Meanwhile, any party is assured that its affiliation is revealed to the participants that belong to the same group only. Compared with previous AH‐AGKA protocols, if invalid players participate in our protocol, legitimate participants can identify these invalid players. In contrast to existing AH‐AGKA protocols, our protocol holds perfect forward secrecy, which is proven in a novel security model we proposed. Additionally, we present a new privacy model to prove that our protocol achieves linkable affiliation‐hiding property. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integrating inspection and test processes based on context‐specific assumptions
Authors: Elberzhager Frank , Münch Jürgen , Rombach Dieter , Freimut Bernd 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTInspections and testing are two of the most commonly performed software quality assurance processes today. Typically, these processes are applied in isolation, which, however, fails to exploit the benefits of systematically combining and integrating them. In consequence, tests are not focused on the basis of early defect detection data. Expected benefits of such process integration include higher defect detection rates or reduced quality assurance effort. Moreover, when conducting testing without any prior information regarding the system's quality, it is often unclear how to focus testing. A systematic integration of inspection and testing processes requires context‐specific knowledge about the relationships between inspections and testing. This knowledge is typically not available and needs to be empirically identified and validated. Often, context‐specific assumptions can be seen as a starting point for generating such knowledge. On the basis of the integrated inspection and testing approach, In2Test, which uses inspection data to focus testing, we present in this article how knowledge about the relationship between inspections and testing can be gained, documented, and evolved in an analytical or empirical manner. In addition, this article gives an overview of related work and highlights future research directions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study on seismic performance of a super‐tall steel–concrete hybrid structure
Authors: Jiang Huanjun , Fu Bo , Liu Laoer , Yin Xiaowei 
Published: August 2012

SUMMARYMany steel–concrete hybrid buildings have been built in China. The seismic performance of such hybrid system is much more complicated than that of steel structure or reinforced concrete (RC) structure. A steel–concrete hybrid frame‐tube super‐tall building structure with new type of shear walls to be built in a district of seismic intensity 8 in China was studied for its structural complexity and irregularity. Both model test and numerical simulation were applied to obtain the detailed knowledge of seismic performance for this structure. First, a 1/30 scaled model structure was tested on the shaking table under different levels of earthquakes. The failure process and mechanism of the model structure are presented here. Nonlinear time‐history analysis of the prototype structure was then conducted by using the software PERFORM‐3D. The dynamic characteristics, inter‐story drift ratios and energy dissipation conditions are introduced. On the basis of the comparison between the deformation demand and capacity of main structural components at individual performance level under different earthquake level, the seismic performance at the member level was also evaluated. Despite the structural complexity and code‐exceeding height, both experimental and analytical results indicate that the overall seismic performance of the structure meet the requirements of the Chinese design code. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
[(Te2)3{Mn(CO)3}2{Mn(CO)4}3]– – A Novel Tellurium‐­Manganese Carbonyl with Ufosane‐like Structure
Authors: Wolf Silke , Feldmann Claus 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBy reacting Mn2(CO)10 and TeI4 in the ionic liquid[BMIm][OTf] (1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium trifluromethanesulfonate), brick‐red crystals of [BMIm][(Te2)3{Mn(CO)3}2{Mn(CO)4}3]are obtained. The title compound contains the carbonyl anion[(Te2)3{Mn(CO)3}2{Mn(CO)4}3]–. Herein, three formal Te22– units and two formal Mn(CO)3+ fragments establish a distorted heterocubane‐like Te6Mn2 structure. Three edges of this heterocubane are furthermore capped by Mn(CO)4+ fragments. The resulting Te6Mn5 building unit, moreover, looks very similar to the P113– anion – the so‐called ufosane. The mean distances Te–Te and Te–Mn are observed with 277.6 and 264.7 pm, respectively. In addition to single‐crystal structure analysis, the title compound is characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), thermogravimetry (TG) and energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX) analysis.
High‐Pressure Syntheses of Lanthanide Polysulfides and Polyselenides LnX1.9 (Ln = Gd–Tm, X = S, Se)
Authors: Müller Carola J. , Schwarz Ulrich , Doert Thomas 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe polysulfides LnS1.9 and polyselenides LnSe1.9 of the lanthanide metals from gadolinium to thulium were prepared by high‐pressure high‐temperature synthesis. The compounds adopt the tetragonal CeSe1.9 structure type in space group P42/n (No. 86) with lattice parameters of 8.531 Å ≤ a ≤ 8.654 Å and 15.563 Å ≤ c ≤ 15.763 Å for the sulfides and 8.869 Å ≤ a ≤ 9.076 Å and 16.367 Å ≤ c ≤ 16.611 Å for the selenides. The atomic pattern consists of puckered double slabs [LnX]+ and planar chalcogenide layers with ten possible chalcogen positions, of which eight are occupied by chalcogen atoms forming dinuclear X22– dianions, one by a single X2– ion and one remaining vacant. This resembles a √5×√5 × 2 superstructure of the ZrSSi aristotype. Structural relationships to the aristotype and the related lanthanide polychalcogenides LnX2–δ (Ln = La–Tm, X = S–Te, δ = 0 – 0.3) are discussed. The samples synthesized under high‐pressure conditions (p > 1 GPa) decompose slowly under release of sulfur or selenium at ambient conditions. The crystal structure of a partially degraded thulium‐polysulfide sample can be described as an incommensurate variant of the original TmS1.9 motif. Additionally, the isostructural ternary compound Gd(S1–xSex)1.9 was synthesized and characterized by powder X‐ray diffraction.
Assessment of Parental Disclosure of a 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome Diagnosis and Implications for Clinicians
Authors: Faux Dana , Schoch Kelly , Eubanks Sonja , Hooper Stephen R. , Shashi Vandana 
Published: August 2012

AbstractMost children with chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) have an IQ in the range that may allow them to be capable of understanding a genetic diagnosis despite mild intellectual disabilities. However, there are no publications that relate to the disclosure of a 22q11DS diagnosis to the affected child, or the factors that influence parents’ disclosure to the child. A pilot study was conducted including eight semi‐structured interviews with caregivers of children with 22q11DS, 10 to 17 years of age, to investigate the factors that influence how parents inform their children of the diagnosis. Six of eight participants had disclosed the diagnosis to the child, and most of these parents felt they could have benefited from additional advice from professionals to increase their confidence and success, as well as the child's comprehension of the information. Those who had not informed the child were uncertain about the words to use, how to initiate the conversation, or were concerned about the child's level of understanding. Our results demonstrate that genetics professionals should help prepare caregivers for conversations with their children about the diagnosis of 22q11DS, monitor the understanding of the diagnosis over time, and provide ongoing support.
NOTES ON -TOPOLOGICAL GROUPS AND HOMEOMORPHISMS OF TOPOLOGICAL GROUPS
Authors: WANG HANFENG , HE WEI 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIn this paper, it is shown that there exists a connected topological group which is not homeomorphic to any $\omega $-narrow topological group, and also that there exists a zero-dimensional topological group $G$ with neutral element $e$ such that the subspace $X = G\setminus \{e\}$ is not homeomorphic to any topological group. These two results give negative answers to two open problems in Arhangel’skii and Tkachenko [Topological Groups and Related Structures (Atlantis Press, Amsterdam, 2008)]. We show that if a compact topological group is a $K$-space, then it is metrisable. This result gives an affirmative answer to a question posed by Malykhin and Tironi [‘Weakly Fréchet–Urysohn and Pytkeev spaces’, Topology Appl. 104 (2000), 181–190] in the category of topological groups. We also prove that a regular $K$-space $X$ is a weakly Fréchet–Urysohn space if and only if $X$has countable tightness.