bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photochemical Surface Degradation in Spiropyran based films
Authors: Feringa Ruben , Martinelli Jacopo , Browne Wesley Richard 
Published: February 2025

Functional coatings based on molecular photoswitches hold promise in photoswitching of surface properties and especially solvent contact angles. Combining molecular photoswitches with other components allows for formation of shape forming amorphous rather than crystalline surfaces. Here, a potentially polymerisable thioctic acid unit was combined with a spiropyran photochromic switch (spiropyran thioctic ester (SPTE)) to form amorphous photoswitchable films. The photochromism of the films shows reversibility, however, we show that the increase in surface polarity observed upon switching with UV light is due in large part to degradation at the surface that does not occur in the bulk of the films. Vibrational spectroscopy reveals that the initial photoswitching to the merocyanine state is followed by degradation. We show that the surface sensitivity of the technique used to monitor switching is critical to observing the changes that are responsible for the change in surface polarity.
Surrounding superficial esophageal cancer masked by Candida esophagitis that was difficult to distinguish from Candida esophagitis alone: A case report
Authors: Takahashi Shunsuke , Kono Mitsuhiro , Fujiwar Yasuhiro 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDuring the initial diagnosis of superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, a 70‐year‐old man was treated with endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Two years after the first ESD, follow‐up endoscopy revealed that the extent of hyperkeratosis gradually expanded over the following 4 years; however, biopsies conducted only detected Candida mycelia and no cancer at that time and every 6 months for 4 years. Despite initiating fluconazole treatment for persistent Candida esophagitis 6 years after the first ESD, the lesions did not resolve, and the second ESD was performed 6 years after the first ESD, which revealed squamous cell carcinoma. This case highlights that esophageal cancer should be considered when localized, hyperkeratotic Candida esophagitis is unresponsive to antifungal treatments, especially with a history of esophageal cancer or high‐risk factors such as drinking alcohol and smoking.
Alkaline Earth Metal Nitride Chalcogenides, Ca6N2Se3, Sr6N2Se3 and Sr6N2Te3
Authors: Sun Guowei , Niewa Rainer 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe novel isotypic hexagonal alkaline earth metal nitride chalcogenides Ca6N2Se3, Sr6N2Se3 and Sr6N2Te3 (R
(No.167); Z=6) were synthesized from Ca(Sr)/Na flux at 1173 K. The compounds belong to the rare class of ternary metal nitride chalcogenides. The structures feature the shortest Ca/Sr−N bonds within the regular trigonal antiprismatic coordination (Ca−N: 235.17(8); Sr−N: 251.20(6) pm). Two crystallographic distinct nitrogen atoms are coordinated in a trigonal antiprism and a twisted trigonal prism, respectively, and are alternatively condensed via trigonal trans‐faces to form one‐dimensional chains
. The chalcogenide ions in comparison realize rather ambiguous environments. Raman spectroscopic data are reported.
Synthesis of Quinolino[4,3‐j]phenanthridines and their Photophysical Characterization
Authors: Schumann Felix R. , Podlech Joachim 
Published: February 2025

AbstractQuinolino[4,3‐j]phenanthridines were synthesized from para‐terphenyl‐2,2′′‐diamines, which were obtained by cross‐coupling reactions. The diamines were converted into amides and ortho‐cyclized to quinolino[4,3‐j]phenanthridines using Morgan‐Walls reactions. Prolonged reaction times were required in these electrophilic substitution reactions to overcome the respective deactivated intermediates formed after the first ortho fusion. Optophysical properties were determined by UV/Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy and calculated by quantum chemical calculations. The compounds exhibit rather small HOMO/LUMO gaps and a remarkable bathochromic shift of luminescence upon protonation, what makes these compounds promising candidates for optoelectronic applications.
Full‐Color Fluorescence Solvatochromism of Push‐Pull Type Indenoindene Derivatives
Authors: Kanezaki Wakana , Ishikawa Ryutaro , Tsuji Hayato 
Published: February 2025

AbstractFull‐color fluorescence solvatochromism was demonstrated using two carbon‐bridged oligo(phenylenevinylene) (COPV) derivatives Ph2N‐COPV1(Bu)‐COCH3 and [Ph2N‐COPV1(Bu)]2CO with a push–pull system, where the donor and acceptor moieties are diphenylamino and a carbonyl group, respectively. In non‐polar cyclohexane, the molecules exhibited blue photoluminescence (λPL=443 and 464 nm) with a locally excited character, while in polar solvents, a charge‐transfer character emerged. In methanol, red emission was observed (λPL=602 and 572 nm). The difference in luminescence maxima between cyclohexane and methanol corresponds to 0.74 and 0.59 eV for Ph2N‐COPV1(Bu)‐COCH3 and [Ph2N‐COPV1(Bu)]2CO, respectively, which are larger than those of previously reported push–pull systems. The photoluminescence quantum yields of Ph2N‐COPV1(Bu)‐COCH3 in aprotic solvents were 0.90 and higher regardless of solvent polarity, while they decreased in protic solvents. The molecules also display high extinction coefficients of up to 2.8x104 and 6.4x104 M−1 cm−1. These data demonstrate the effectiveness of the use of structurally rigid planar COPV framework. Furthermore, [Ph2N‐COPV1(Bu)]2CO showed significant responses to water content in tetrahydrofuran‐water mixed solvents, which highlights its potential for sensing applications.
The Effect of Honey Supplementation on Skeletal Muscle‐Related Inflammatory Markers Among Military Graduates After Overtraining
Authors: Karami Esmail , Parvizi Mohammad Reza , Izadi Mohammad Reza , Shirazi Emad Jowhari 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAims and ObjectivesHoney possesses specific anti‐inflammatory properties. We evaluated the effects of oral honey supplementation on skeletal muscle‐related inflammatory markers among military graduates after overtraining.MethodsThis randomized double‐blind controlled trial was conducted on 42 overtrained military graduates who were randomly assigned to receive either honey supplementation (5 mL of 12% honey solution twice daily for 6 weeks) or a placebo for 6 weeks. In our study, we utilized Milk Vetch Sahand honey as the intervention. Serum levels of C‐reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), aldolase A, and creatine kinase (CK) were evaluated using the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay method before and after the intervention.ResultsA total of 21 male participants with a mean age of 20.75 years were included in each group. No significant differences were found between the groups in the pre‐intervention assessment of inflammatory biomarkers. However, in the post‐intervention assessment, participants who received honey exhibited significantly smaller increases in CRP (p < 0.001), TNF‐α (p = 0.001), aldolase A (p < 0.001), and CK levels (p < 0.001) compared to the controls. The mean changes in these biomarkers were notably lower in the honey group indicating a potential anti‐inflammatory effect of honey.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that honey supplementation significantly reduces inflammatory biomarkers such as TNF‐α, CRP, aldolase A, and CK in military graduates experiencing overtraining, underscoring its potential to alleviate inflammation associated with intense physical training. To confirm and extend these findings, further research with larger sample sizes and longer follow‐up periods is recommended.
The Effect of a Lecture‐Based Educational Intervention to Improve the Nutrition Knowledge and Behavior of Plant‐Based Seventh‐Day Adventists Living in the United Kingdom
Authors: Janko Robert K. , Haussmann Irmgard , Patel Ashok 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsThe Adventist lifestyle, which encourages the consumption of a vegetarian or vegan diet, has been associated with several health benefits; however, the nutrition knowledge of Adventists about essential nutrients in the context of plant‐based diets has not yet been assessed, therefore, this study evaluated the efficacy of an expert‐led lecture‐based educational intervention on the nutrition knowledge and habits of plant‐based Seventh‐day Adventists.MethodsThe intervention, delivered in the form of an online lecture by a clinical nutrition expert, comprised a 30‐min lecture emphasizing the role of essential nutrients for vegans and vegetarians, the role of dietary supplements in COVID‐19 prevention. Nutritional knowledge was assessed by using a 25‐item questionnaire before and after the lecture, with a follow‐up survey administered 4 weeks after the lecture to examine changes in dietary behaviors and supplement use.ResultsThirty‐seven participants completed the study. The mean test scores significantly improved from 8.49 (SD 3.75) pre‐lecture to 20.03 (SD 2.99) post‐lecture (p < 0.001). Subsequent behavioral changes were reported, including increased supplement use and dietary modifications, underscoring the intervention's impact.ConclusionThis study highlights the effectiveness of a targeted educational interventions in improving nutritional knowledge among plant‐based Seventh‐day Adventists. Health promotion activities conducted by the church should aim to inform church members of the need for well‐planned plant‐based diets and of the importance of appropriate supplementation.
Conservation Gap Within a Nature Reserve: A Case Study in the Biodiversity Hotspot of Rare and Endangered Plants at the Southern Gaoligong Mountains
Authors: Yang Yong‐Jing‐Wen , Hu Xin‐Run , Deng Min , Tan Yun‐Hong 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBiodiversity loss significantly impacts the stability and functioning of ecosystems, driven by factors such as climate change, human activities, and other influences. Predicting species distributions and conducting conservation gap analyses are essential for identifying key conservation areas, evaluating conservation effectiveness, and highlighting under‐protected areas, thereby providing valuable insights to mitigate biodiversity loss. The Gaoligong Mountains, located within the Three Parallel Rivers of Yunnan Protected Areas (a UNESCO World Natural Heritage Site), serve as an intersection for the biota of the eastern Himalayas, the Indochina Peninsula, and the Hengduan Mountains. The region is a vitally important biological exchange corridor and a long‐standing hotspot for plant geography research. Using the distribution data for 361 rare and endangered plants and eight environmental variables, this study employed the InVEST and random forest (RF) models to determine the current and future potential distribution of these species in the southern Gaoligong Mountains, considering various climate change scenarios combined with currently suitable habitats. The study also evaluated existing protected areas and used a transition matrix to quantify changes in potential habitats. The results show that the current potential suitable habitat in the southern Gaoligong Mountains spans 2987.38 km2, with only 23.14% of this area falling within protected zones, leaving a 76.86% protection gap. Additionally, areas with highly suitable habitats are predicted to decline under future climate change scenarios, emphasizing the inadequacy of existing protected areas in comprehensively safeguarding rare and endangered wild plant species. Habitat loss, primarily driven by the expansion of agricultural activities, further exacerbates this issue. To address these conservation gaps, this study recommends prioritizing the integrity of vertical zones when optimizing protected areas, thus ensuring continuous protection for rare and endangered plant species.
Forecasting the impact of artificial intelligence on clinical pharmacy practice
Authors: Wong Adrian , Flanagan Trenton , Covington Elizabeth W. , Nguyen Elaine , Linn Dustin , Brummel Gretchen , Hoffmaster Brian , Isaacs Diana , Kane‐Gill Sandra L. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThere is a need to understand contemporary scientific advances as clinical pharmacy evolves. One rapidly expanding area is artificial intelligence (AI), which has grown significantly over the past year because of the public availability of large language models. This commentary reviews published literature describing and evaluating applications of AI to each aspect of the medication use process and forecasts potential future roles for AI in pharmacy practice. Potential challenges in implementation are also described.
C1GALT1C1‐Associated Mosaic Disorder of Glycosylation in a Female
Authors: Aryal Rajindra P. , Ramanujan Aditya , Bucci Camille , Neckelmann Christian , Heimburg‐Molinaro Jamie , Cummings Sandra F. , Erger Florian , Beck Bodo B. , Seaver Laurie H. , Cummings Richard D. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTCosmc, encoded by the X‐linked C1GALT1C1, is a molecular chaperone in the endoplasmic reticulum and a master regulator of O‐glycosylation of mammalian glycoproteins. Recently, we described a germline mutation in C1GALT1C1 in two male patients, giving rise to a congenital disorder of glycosylation—COSMC‐CDG. Here, we have identified a female patient with a de novo mosaic variant in C1GALT1C1 (c.202C>T, p.Arg68*), which results in a truncated and nonfunctional form of Cosmc (Cosmc‐R68). The patient is mosaic, as ~27% of her buccal cells carry the mutation. The patient is now a 5‐year old who presented with nonimmune hydrops fetalis. As Cosmc is essential for the generation of normal O‐glycans through regulating T‐synthase activity, thereby enabling the formation of the universal Core 1 O‐glycan Galβ1‐3GalNAcα1‐Ser/Thr (T‐antigen), the loss of Cosmc leads to the expression of the unusual precursor O‐glycan termed Tn‐antigen (CD175) (GalNAcα1‐Ser/Thr). Owing to the mutational mosaicism, only a significant minority of cells would exhibit abnormal O‐glycosylation. Analysis of red blood cells (RBCs), leukocytes, and serum from this patient indicated reduced expression of Cosmc and T‐synthase proteins and lower T‐synthase activity. Consistent with these findings, we observed reduced normal O‐glycans in serum glycoproteins and RBCs from the patient, along with elevated expression of the Tn‐antigen in serum glycoproteins compared to controls. This case represents the first description of a true mosaic loss‐of‐function variant in C1GALT1C1, that is, one that occurred postzygotically during embryogenesis, and raises interesting questions about the role of O‐glycosylation during fetal development and its consequences on the clinical presentation.
Five‐Year (2017–2022) Evolutionary Dynamics of Human Coronavirus HKU1 in Southern France With Emergence of Viruses Harboring Spike H512R Substitution
Authors: Hikmat Houmadi , Le Targa Lorlane , Boschi Céline , Py Justine , Morand Aurélie , Lagier Jean‐Christophe , Aherfi Sarah , Fantini Jacques , La Scola Bernard , Colson Philippe 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTHCoV‐HKU1 diversity and evolution were scarcely studied. We performed next‐generation sequencing (NGS) and analysis of HCoV‐HKU1 genomes over 5 years. NGS used Illumina technology on NovaSeq 6000 following whole genome PCR amplification by an in‐house set of primers designed using Gemi and PrimalScheme. Genome assembly and analyses used CLC Genomics, Mafft, BioEdit, Nextstrain, Nextclade, MEGA, and iTol bioinformatic tools. Spike molecular modeling and dynamics simulations used Molegro Molecular Viewer and Hyperchem programs. Twenty‐eight PCR systems allowed obtaining 158 HCoV‐HKU1 genomes including 69 and 89 of genotypes A and B, respectively. Both genotypes co‐circulated during the study period but one predominated each year. A total of 1683 amino acid substitutions including 80 in ≥ 10 genomes were detected in genotype A relatively to a 2004 reference. H512R in spike, first detected in 2009 and reported as involved in antibody neutralization, was found in all genotype A, almost always with V387I and K478N, and was predicted here to significantly improve cellular TMPRSS2 protein binding. Also, 1802 amino acid substitutions including 64 in ≥ 10 genomes were detected in genotype B relatively to a 2005 reference. This study substantially expands the global set of HCoV‐HKU1 genomes. Genomics with protein structural analyses contributed to our understanding of HCoV‐HKU1 evolution.
Indacenodithiophene‐Based Medium‐Bandgap Guest Acceptor Enables High‐Efficiency Ternary Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Qiu Nailiang , Liu Chunyan , Zhang Tengteng , Li Jiaxuan , Zhang Wenhui , Yan Jun , You Shiqun , Lu Yan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe ternary organic solar cells (OSCs) have been proven to be an effective strategy for achieving high power conversion efficiency (PCE), exhibiting substantial potential for continuous enhancement of device performance. In this work, a novel nonfullerene acceptor, IDT‐FN, is developed utilizing a renowned indacenodithiophene (IDT) core and moderately intense electron‐withdrawing terminal groups, serving as the third component in ternary OSCs. IDT‐FN demonstrates excellent complementary light absorption and cascaded energy levels with the host materials D18 and CH‐6F, resulting in enhanced photon harvesting and charge transport within the ternary blend. Therefore, even the as‐cast ternary device manages to surpass the optimal binary host device, achieving a superior PCE of 17.34% compared to the latter's 17.08%. Through optimization, the optimal ternary devices attain an impressive PCE of 18.32%, accompanied by a high open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.897 V, a fill factor of 0.745, and a short‐circuit current density (Jsc) of 27.41 mA cm−2. This demonstrates a significant success in utilizing IDT‐based medium‐bandgap guests to achieve state‐of‐the‐art ternary OSCs.
Hemiacetal Ester Side Chains as a Mild Protecting Group for Carboxylic Acids in Polycarbonate Backbones
Authors: Bixenmann Leon , Nuhn Lutz 
Published: February 2025

AbstractHemiacetal esters are versatile functional groups known for their unique ability to degrade under mild conditions such as exposure to water, alcohols, organic acids, or heat. In this study, hemiacetal esters are introduced as mild, transient protecting groups for carboxylic acids along polycarbonate backbones. A six‐membered cyclic carbonate monomer is synthesized by reacting ethyl vinyl ether with a carboxylic acid precursor, demonstrating high efficiency and stability under nucleophilic polymerization conditions. Potential susceptibilities of the hemiacetal esters to transacetalization reactions do not occur under these polymerization conditions. Instead, well‐defined homo and PEG‐based block copolymers are obtained with narrow molecular weight distributions and preserved hemiacetal ester functionalities. These labile side chain groups enabled facile deprotection, yielding polycarbonates with free carboxylic acids, holding significant potential for applications in drug delivery, sustainable polymers, and advanced functional materials.
Asymmetric Choice of Relative‐Performance Delegation Under Duopoly Competition With Vertical Product‐Quality Difference
Authors: Chen Shih‐Shen , Hsu Chu‐Chuan , Ko Po‐Sheng 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we reexamine the optimal weights on relative performance delegation under price and quantity competition modes with double product differentiation (horizontal product differentiation and vertical product‐quality differentiation) pinpointing the strategic asymmetric choice of delegation due to vertical product‐quality differentiation. Because the consumers are willing to pay more for higher quality products and for the firm to maintain its reputation, the firm may limit its supply of product without having aggressive selling effort.
A knowledge graph attention network for the cold‐start problem in intelligent manufacturing: Interpretability and accuracy improvement
Authors: Zhou Ziye , Zhang Yuqi , Wang Shuize , San Martin David , Liu Yongqian , Liu Yang , Wang Chenchong , Xu Wei 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn the rolling production of steel, predicting the performance of new products is challenging due to the low variety of data distributions resulting from standardized manufacturing processes and fixed product categories. This scenario poses a significant hurdle for machine learning models, leading to what is commonly known as the “cold‐start problem”. To address this issue, we propose a knowledge graph attention neural network for steel manufacturing (SteelKGAT). By leveraging expert knowledge and a multi‐head attention mechanism, SteelKGAT aims to enhance prediction accuracy. Our experimental results demonstrate that the SteelKGAT model outperforms existing methods when generalizing to previously unseen products. Only the SteelKGAT model accurately captures the feature trend, thereby offering correct guidance in product tuning, which is of practical significance for new product development (NPD). Additionally, we employ the Integrated Gradients (IG) method to shed light on the model's predictions, revealing the relative importance of each feature within the knowledge graph. Notably, this work represents the first application of knowledge graph attention neural networks to address the cold‐start problem in steel rolling production. By combining domain expertise and interpretable predictions, our knowledge‐informed SteelKGAT model provides accurate insights into the mechanical properties of products even in cold‐start scenarios.
Echoes of Unwoven Breaks: A Paleopathological Literature Review of Nonunion Fractures
Authors: Monge Calleja Álvaro M. , Carvalho Pedro C. , Gaspar Rosa Ramos , Silva Ana Maria 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study presents a wide literature review of nonunion fractures in paleopathological contexts, including the description of a new case from Idanha‐a‐Velha (Castelo Branco, Portugal). Nonunion factures, characterized by the failure of broken bone fragments to reunite properly, are rare in the paleopathological record. This review aims to gather and analyze existing cases of this condition, using academic databases and specific research terms related to this type of fracture. This survey included a total of 75 publications describing 155 nonunion fractures in 137 adult individuals: 44 males, 28 females, and 65 of unknown sex. The publication record includes more Prehistoric and Modern cases than those dated from Medieval or Ancient periods. The ulna exhibited the highest overall frequency of nonunion fractures, with 53/155 (34.2%) distributed across six different anatomical regions, primarily at the distal end (Parry fracture). However, when assessing the frequency of nonunions by specific anatomic region, the femoral neck shows a higher rate (23/30; 76.7%) compared to the ulnar distal end (6/53; 11.32%). Male individuals display a higher prevalence of nonunion fractures throughout the skeleton, except for the clavicle, metatarsals, os coxae, and ulna, which affected more often females. Moreover, femoral neck nonunion fractures are more frequent in mid‐20th century male paleopathological cases, while ulnar fractures are more common in prehistoric females. The comparison between these patterns and clinical data highlights that past and current populations have different patterns of nonunion fractures. In the modern clinical literature, a greater prevalence of tibial, fibular, femoral, and humeral nonunions is recorded due to traffic accidents; while in past populations, ulnar nonunion fractures are substantially more frequent. Further studies comparing fracture patterns across different time periods may allow to clarify whether these trends reflect changes in medical treatment, lifestyle, or bone health over time.