bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do managers trust AI? An exploratory research based on social comparison theory
Authors: Rizzo Cristian , Bagna Giacomo , Tuček David 
Published: July 2024

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate managers’ decision-making processes when evaluating suggestions provided by human collaborators or artificial intelligence (AI) systems. We employed the framework of Social Comparison Theory (SCT) in the business context to examine the influence of varying social comparison orientation levels on managers’ willingness to accept advice in their organization.Design/methodology/approachA survey was conducted on a sample of 192 US managers, in which we carried out an experiment manipulating the source type (human vs AI) and assessing the potential moderating role of social comparison orientation. Results were analyzed using a moderation model by Hayes (2013).FindingsDespite the growing consideration gained by AI systems, results showed a discernible preference for human-generated advice over those originating from Artificial Intelligence (AI) sources. Moreover, the moderation analysis indicated how low levels of social comparison orientation may lead managers to be more willing to accept advice from AI.Research limitations/implicationsThis study contributes to the current understanding of the interplay between social comparison orientation and managerial decision-making. Based on the results of this preliminary study that used a scenario-based experiment, future research could try to expand these findings by examining managerial behavior in a natural context using field experiments, or multiple case studies.Originality/valueThis is among the first studies that examine AI adoption in the organizational context, showing how AI may be used by managers to evade comparison among peers or other experts, thereby illuminating the role of individual factors in affecting managers’ decision-making.
New regulations in the Brazilian private security industry: effects on turnover and human capital outcomes
Authors: de Oliveira Souza Renato , Cabral Sandro , Ribeiro Priscila Fernandes 
Published: July 2024

Purpose
This paper aims to examine the effects on firms' outcomes of a new government regulation on the private security industry that aimed to enhance the selection and training processes for armed-private security officers.

Design/methodology/approach
By using human capital theory and using a data set built from various public sources, this study analyzes the effects of a new regulation implemented in 2013–2014 in Brazil mandating psychological assessments for hiring private security armed officers. Firm-level data and a Difference-in-Differences (DiD) identification strategy are used to investigate the effects on turnover and human capital outcomes.

Findings
The study identifies substantial changes resulting from the new government regulation in private security firms. While it has led to increased turnover rates, the regulation has also facilitated firms in enhancing the human capital composition of their workforce by enabling the recruitment of more experienced personnel.

Research limitations/implications
This research informs to current debates on the effects of policy interventions on firm's outcomes by showing how regulations aimed to improve the configuration of human capital can generate win-win situations for both firms and citizens, despite the short-term trade-offs between higher turnover rates and improved human capital outcomes.

Practical implications
Refining selection and training processes can enhance the workforce in private security firms by replacing less capable professionals with more experienced ones. Insights from this study offer guidance to policymakers and industry practitioners in shaping effective business and public policies.

Social implications
This study underscores the role of training and psychological assessments in enhancing the composition of human capital in the private security industry.

Originality/value
By highlighting the role of policy interventions in establishing barriers to unskilled workers engaging in hazardous activities, this study contributes to the burgeoning literature in strategic management on the interaction between policy interventions and firm outcomes.
Preservation and conservation practices adopted for the management of academic board records in Nigerian polytechnics
Authors: Hamzat Saheed Abiola , Ayeni Funke Abosede , Kutu Jacob Oloruntoba 
Published: July 2024

Purpose
Polytechnics in Nigeria are conventional institutions where academic board records are being managed in paper form. It has been observed that accessing these academic board records is difficult due to factors associated with the absence of preservation techniques and lack of clear-cut conservation practices. This study, therefore, aims to examine the preservation techniques and conservation practices adopted for the management of academic board records in polytechnics in South-West Nigeria.

Design/methodology/approach
This study adopted a qualitative method with the population comprising 54 records management personnel enumerated in the four selected polytechnics in South-West Nigeria. Triangulation method (questionnaire, interview and observation checklist) was used for data collection. The responses were analysed with descriptive statistics and thematic analysis.

Findings
Findings revealed that photocopying, binding and use of insecticides were the most rated preservation techniques adopted. The security and shelving of academic board records to allow for free flow of air were the most available conservation practices, whereas staff training was not adequately available. The topmost rated constraints were non-challant attitude of personnel in-charge, insufficient funds and inadequate infrastructure.

Research limitations/implications
This study concluded that preservation and conservation practices are vital in the management of academic board records in polytechnics in South-West Nigeria. For efficient and effective management of academic board records, modern-day preservation and conservation practices need to be adopted.

Originality/value
This paper fulfils an identified need to study how preservation and conservation practices adopted for the management of academic board records in Nigerian polytechnics.
Transdisciplinary integration for applied linguistics: the case of electrophysiology
Authors: Al-Hoorie Ali H. , AlAwdah Ahmad Abdurrahman K. 
Published: July 2024

PurposeThis study aims to promote transdisciplinary integration in applied linguistics research by exploring the potential contribution of electrophysiology to enhancing listening comprehension skills. Specifically, it examines the effectiveness of dynamic auto-adjustment of speech rate based on heart rate in mitigating listening stress. The study also discusses the implications and future directions of interdisciplinary efforts in applied linguistics.Design/methodology/approachThis study combines literature review, theoretical analysis, and practical application. It begins with a review of existing literature on transdisciplinary integration in applied linguistics and electrophysiology research. Theoretical frameworks are then synthesized to inform the development of an innovative approach to mitigate listening stress through dynamic auto-adjustment of speech rate based on heart rate.FindingsThe analysis suggests that transdisciplinary integration in applied linguistics research, particularly through the incorporation of electrophysiology, holds significant promise for enhancing listening comprehension skills. The dynamic auto-adjustment of speech rate based on heart rate emerges as a promising strategy for mitigating listening stress, calling for empirical research into this topic.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the field of applied linguistics by advocating for transdisciplinary integration and exploring innovative approaches to address challenges in language learning. Incorporating electrophysiology and dynamic auto-adjustment of speech rate based on heart rate offers novel research directions for practical strategies for enhancing listening comprehension skills. This research has the potential to advance theoretical understanding as well as offering practical implications for educators and policymakers seeking to improve language learning outcomes in diverse educational settings.
Parental illness work across the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder diagnostic journey
Authors: Nicholson Tom , Lee Richard 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe process of referral, assessment, and diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) within the UK is often protracted. Given that parents are frequently the instigators of the diagnostic process, understanding the experience of parents is important. Drawing on findings from a longitudinal study, this article explores how the parental experience of the ADHD diagnostic journey includes three significant and distinct forms of ‘illness work’. Twenty‐one semi‐structured serial interviews were conducted over a 2‐year period with seven parents of children on the ADHD diagnostic journey in North East England. We present three significant forms of parental illness work: (1) The ‘diagnostic quest’, parental work recognising and fighting for their children’s needs and selfhood, seeking diagnosis and engaging with systems, (2) ‘self‐biographical illness work’, the personal parental biographical response to the diagnostic journey and (3) ‘child biographical illness work and recontextualizing the child’, parental biographical adjustment and recontextualisation of their children. We advance Rasmussen et al.’s (2021) model by demonstrating its usefulness in understanding how parents with a personal ADHD diagnosis experience biographical disruption or cohesion in response to their children’s diagnosis. That a child’s diagnosis leads parents with ADHD to experience a self‐biographical cohesive or disruptive response is a unique and significant finding.
Investigating the effects of landscape productivity on the spatial ecology of a threatened marsupial inside feral predator exclosures
Authors: Arkinstall Cassandra M. , FitzGibbon Sean I. , Coulter Brianna , Moseby Katherine E. , Murray Peter J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLandscape productivity and resource dispersion are key drivers of the movement patterns of many species. In less productive environments, home ranges are generally larger as individuals travel further to access resources. The greater bilby (Macrotis lagotis) has been reintroduced to several feral predator exclosures to reduce their extinction risk. Understanding how landscape productivity and resource dispersion influence bilby space use is critical to enable effective management of populations in exclosures. At two exclosures, we tested three hypotheses: 1. Bilbies would preferentially utilize habitats with sandy substrates (<20% clay content), as they are suitable for digging burrows and foraging pits; 2. Home ranges would be larger at the arid site compared to the semi‐arid site due to lower productivity and patchier distribution of preferred habitats; and 3. Bilbies would travel further each night at the arid site to access preferred habitats. Rainfall was used as an indicator of productivity, and dispersion of preferred habitats as an indicator of resource dispersion. The study was undertaken during average rainfall conditions and under similar bilby population densities at both sites. GPS loggers recorded home ranges and movements of 10 bilbies at the arid site, and 11 bilbies at the semi‐arid site. Seventeen of the 21 bilbies preferentially utilized habitats with sandy substrates, which were less abundant at the arid site. There were no significant differences in home range size or nightly movements between the sites for either sex. We suggest the average rainfall conditions at both sites, and the dietary flexibility of bilbies, supported the maintenance of relatively small and stable home ranges (particularly for females). The effects of landscape productivity and resource dispersion on bilby space use are more likely to be evident during extended periods of below average rainfall. Bilby home range studies during low rainfall conditions (e.g. drought) are required for the effective, long‐term management of exclosure populations.
A single bout of resistance exercise triggers mitophagy, potentially involving the ejection of mitochondria in human skeletal muscle
Authors: Díaz‐Castro Francisco , Tuñón‐Suárez Mauro , Rivera Patricia , Botella Javier , Cancino Jorge , Figueroa Ana María , Gutiérrez Juan , Cantin Claudette , Deldicque Louise , Zbinden‐Foncea Hermann , Nielsen Joachim , Henríquez‐Olguín Carlos , Morselli Eugenia , Castro‐Sepúlveda Mauricio 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimThe present study aimed to investigate the effects of a single bout of resistance exercise on mitophagy in human skeletal muscle (SkM).MethodsEight healthy men were recruited to complete an acute bout of one‐leg resistance exercise. SkM biopsies were obtained one hour after exercise in the resting leg (Rest‐leg) and the contracting leg (Ex‐leg). Mitophagy was assessed using protein‐related abundance, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and fluorescence microscopy.ResultsOur results show that acute resistance exercise increased pro‐fission protein phosphorylation (DRP1Ser616) and decreased mitophagy markers such as PARKIN and BNIP3L/NIX protein abundance in the Ex‐leg. Additionally, mitochondrial complex IV decreased in the Ex‐leg when compared to the Rest‐leg. In the Ex‐leg, TEM and immunofluorescence images showed mitochondrial cristae abnormalities, a mitochondrial fission phenotype, and increased mitophagosome‐like structures in both subsarcolemmal and intermyofibrillar mitochondria. We also observed increased mitophagosome‐like structures on the subsarcolemmal cleft and mitochondria in the extracellular space of SkM in the Ex‐leg. We stimulated human primary myotubes with CCCP, which mimics mitophagy induction in the Ex‐leg, and found that BNIP3L/NIX protein abundance decreased independently of lysosomal degradation. Finally, in another human cohort, we found a negative association between BNIP3L/NIX protein abundance with both mitophagosome‐like structures and mitochondrial cristae density in the SkM.ConclusionThe findings suggest that a single bout of resistance exercise can initiate mitophagy, potentially involving mitochondrial ejection, in human skeletal muscle. BNIP3L/NIX is proposed as a sensitive marker for assessing mitophagy flux in SkM.
Drugs targeting APOE4 that regulate beta‐amyloid aggregation in the brain: Therapeutic potential for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Poblano Joan , Castillo‐Tobías Ileana , Berlanga Lia , Tamayo‐Ordoñez María Concepción , del Carmen Rodríguez‐Salazar María , Silva‐Belmares Sonia Yesenia , Aguayo‐Morales Hilda , Cobos‐Puc Luis E. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAlzheimer's disease is characterized by progressive cognitive decline, and behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia are common. The APOE ε4 allele, a genetic risk factor, significantly increases susceptibility to the disease. Despite efforts to effectively treat the disease, only seven drugs are approved for its treatment, and only two of these prevent its progression. This highlights the need to identify new pharmacological options. This review focuses on mimetic peptides, small molecule correctors and HAE‐4 antibodies that target ApoE. These drugs reduce β‐amyloid‐induced neurodegeneration in preclinical models. In addition, loop diuretics such as bumetanide and furosemide show the potential to reduce the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease in humans, and antidepressants such as imipramine improve cognitive function in individuals diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. Consistent with this, both classes of drugs have been shown to exert neuroprotective effects by inhibiting ApoE4‐catalysed Aβ aggregation in preclinical models. Moreover, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor ligands, particularly pioglitazone and rosiglitazone, reduce ApoE4‐induced neurodegeneration in animal models. However, they do not prevent the cognitive decline in APOE ε4 allele carriers. Finally, ApoE4 impairs the integrity of the blood–brain barrier and haemostasis. On this basis, ApoE4 modulation is a promising avenue for the treatment of late‐onset Alzheimer's disease.
Using the evolution of knowledge to explain changes in farm size distribution and specialization
Authors: Wei Hanlin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study developed a theoretical model to explain the consolidation of farmland and specialization in agriculture. In the model, farmers are assumed to be endowed with knowledge regarding the production of each crop, which evolves through learning. Knowledge across crops is substitutable to various degrees. The farm size distribution and specialization are shown to be equilibrium outcomes determined by the distribution of knowledge. A simulation example based on farm‐level acreage data from California is presented to show the relevance of learning mechanisms and test model implications.
Early Conversion to Everolimus Within 180 Days of Living Donor Liver Transplantation
Authors: Rudzik Katelyn N. , Schonder Kristine S. , Humar Abhinav , Johnson Heather J. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundEarly conversion to Everolimus (EVR) post deceased donor liver transplant has been associated with improved renal function but increased rejection. Early EVR conversion has not been evaluated after living donor liver transplant (LDLT). A retrospective cohort study was conducted to compare the rate of rejection and renal function in patients converted to EVR early post‐LDLT to patients on calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs).MethodsThis was a single center retrospective cohort study of adult LDLT recipients between January 2012 and July 2019. Patients converted to EVR within 180 days of transplant were compared to patients on CNIs. The primary endpoint was biopsy proven acute rejection (BPAR) at 24 months posttransplant. Key secondary endpoints included eGFR at 24 months, change in eGFR, adverse events, and all‐cause mortality.ResultsFrom a total of 173 patients involved in the study: 58 were included in the EVR group and 115 in the CNI group. Median conversion to EVR was 26 days post‐LDLT. At 24 months, there was no difference in BPAR (22.7% EVR vs. 19.1% CNI, p = 0.63). Median eGFR at 24 months posttransplant was not significantly different (68.6 [24.8 to 112.4] mL/min EVR vs. 75.9 [35.6–116.2] mL/min CNI, p = 0.103). Change in eGFR from baseline was worse in the EVR group (−13.0 [−39.9 to 13.9] mL/min EVR vs. −5.0 [−31.2 to 21.2] mL/min CNI, p = 0.047). Median change from conversion to 24 months posttransplant (EVR group only) was −3.43 mL/min/1.73 m2 (−21.0 to 9.6).ConclusionsEarly EVR conversion was not associated with increased risk of rejection among LDLT recipients. Renal function was not impacted. EVR may be considered as an alternative after LDLT in patients intolerant of CNIs.
Importance of Transplant Era on Post–Heart Transplant Predictive Models: A UNOS Cohort Analysis
Authors: Lescroart Mickaël , Kransdorf Evan P. , Scuppa Maria Francesca , Patel Jignesh K. , Coutance Guillaume 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe application of posttransplant predictive models is limited by their poor statistical performance. Neglecting the dynamic evolution of demographics and medical practice over time may be a key issue.ObjectivesOur objective was to develop and validate era‐specific predictive models to assess whether these models could improve risk stratification compared to non–era‐specific models.MethodsWe analyzed the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database including first noncombined heart transplantations (2001–2018, divided into four transplant eras: 2001–2005, 2006–2010, 2011–2015, 2016–2018). The endpoint was death or retransplantation during the 1st‐year posttransplant. We analyzed the dynamic evolution of major predictive variables over time and developed era‐specific models using logistic regression. We then performed a multiparametric evaluation of the statistical performance of era‐specific models and compared them to non–era‐specific models in 1000 bootstrap samples (derivation set, 2/3; test set, 1/3).ResultsA total of 34 738 patients were included, 3670 patients (10.5%) met the composite endpoint. We found a significant impact of transplant era on baseline characteristics of donors and recipients, medical practice, and posttransplant predictive models, including significant interaction between transplant year and major predictive variables (total serum bilirubin, recipient age, recipient diabetes, previous cardiac surgery). Although the discrimination of all models remained low, era‐specific models significantly outperformed the statistical performance of non–era‐specific models in most samples, particularly concerning discrimination and calibration.ConclusionsEra‐specific models achieved better statistical performance than non–era‐specific models. A regular update of predictive models may be considered if they were to be applied for clinical decision‐making and allograft allocation.
The causal relationship between plasma protein‐to‐protein ratios and type 2 diabetes and its complications: Proteomics mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhang Yue‐Yang , Chen Bing‐Xue , Yang Qin , Wan Qin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimIn recent years, proteomics research has surged, with numerous observational studies identifying associations between plasma proteins and type 2 diabetes. However, research specifically focusing on the ratios of plasma proteins in type 2 diabetes remains relatively scarce.MethodsThis study primarily employed a two‐sample, two‐step Mendelian randomization (MR) approach, leveraging genetic data from several large, publicly accessible genome‐wide association studies, wherein single nucleotide polymorphisms served as proxies for exposures and diseases. Within this framework, we applied two‐sample MR to assess the associations between the 2821 plasma protein‐to‐protein ratios and type 2 diabetes along with its complications and utilized reverse MR to confirm the unidirectionality of these causal relationships. In addition, we employed two‐step MR to investigate the potential mediating role of body mass index in these associations. To augment the robustness of our findings, we systematically implemented a series of sensitivity analyses.ResultsThe results gleaned from the inverse‐variance weighted method elucidated that a cumulative sum of 23 protein‐to‐protein ratios bore a causal nexus with type 2 diabetes across both sample cohorts. With each incremental elevation of 1 standard deviation in the genetically anticipated protein‐to‐protein ratio, the susceptibility to type 2 diabetes oscillated from 0.93 (95% confidence interval: 0.87, 1.00) for the CNTN3/NCSS1 protein level ratio to 1.13 (1.06, 1.22) for the DBNL/NCK2 protein level ratio. Moreover, a tally of eight protein‐to‐protein ratios correlated with a minimum of one complication linked to type 2 diabetes. Diverse sensitivity analyses corroborated the robustness of these observations.ConclusionsThe outcomes of our investigation unveiled correlations between 23 plasma protein‐to‐protein ratios and type 2 diabetes, with eight of these ratios entwined with complications of type 2 diabetes. These discoveries offer novel perspectives on the diagnosis and management of type 2 diabetes and its associated complications.