bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computerized writing and reading instruction for students in grades 4–9 with specific learning disabilities affecting written language
Authors: Tanimoto S. , Thompson R. , Berninger V.W. , Nagy W. , Abbott R.D. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractComputer scientists and educational researchers evaluated effectiveness of computerized instruction tailored to evidence‐based impairments in specific learning disabilities (SLDs) in students in grades 4–9 with persisting SLDs despite prior extra help. Following comprehensive, evidence‐based differential diagnosis for dysgraphia (impaired handwriting), dyslexia (impaired word reading and spelling), and oral and written language learning disability, students completed 18 sessions of computerized instruction over about 3 months. The 11 students taught letter formation with sequential, numbered, coloured arrow cues with full contours who wrote letters on lines added to iPAD screen showed more and stronger treatment effects than the 21 students taught using only visual motion cues for letter formation who wrote on an unlined computer monitor. Teaching to all levels of language in multiple functional language systems (by ear, eye, mouth and hand) close in time resulted in significant gains in reading and writing skills for the group and in diagnosed SLD hallmark impairments for individuals; also, performance on computerized learning activities correlated with treatment gains. Results are discussed in reference to need for both accommodations and explicit instruction for persisting SLDs and the potential for computers to teach handwriting, morphophonemic orthographies, comprehension and composition
Titanium‐zirconium narrow‐diameter versus titanium regular‐diameter implants for anterior and premolar single crowns: 3‐year results of a randomized controlled clinical study
Authors: Ioannidis Alexis , Gallucci German O. , Jung Ronald E. , Borzangy Sary , Hämmerle Christoph H. F. , Benic Goran I. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimTo test whether titanium‐zirconium (Ti‐Zr) 3.3 mm diameter implants perform differently from titanium (Ti) 4.1 mm diameter implants with respect to marginal bone level (MBL) and clinical parameters.Material and MethodsForty patients in need of a single‐implant crown in the anterior or premolar regions were enrolled in two centres. Following random allocation, either a Ti‐Zr or a Ti implant was inserted. Porcelain‐fused‐to‐metal crowns were inserted 6 months after implantation. Implant survival, change in MBL, clinical parameters, change in mid‐facial mucosa and papilla levels, and the occurrence of biological and technical complications were assessed at the 3‐year follow‐up.ResultsAt 3 years, 32 of the 40 included patients were examined (15 Ti and 17 Ti‐Zr implants). There were no implant failures. From the implant placement to 3 years, the median change in mean MBL amounted to 0.21 mm (mean: −0.31) in the Ti group and 0.10 mm (mean: −0.40) in the Ti‐Zr group. There were no significant differences between the groups with respect to the change in MBL, the change in mucosa levels, and the occurrence of complications.ConclusionsTi‐Zr implants with 3.3 mm diameter used for the support of single crowns in the anterior and the premolar regions did not differ from Ti implants with 4.1 mm diameter regarding the clinical performance over a 3‐year period.
Effect of Controlled Freezing‐Point Vacuum Drying on Color and Flavor of Muraenesox cinereus Fillets
Authors: Li Jia , Wan Jin‐Qing , Bian Hua , Zhong Yao‐Guang , Cai Li‐Yan , Zou Lei , Zhao Yan‐Feng 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn this study, the method of maintaining the controlled freezing point and the effect of controlled freezing‐point vacuum drying (CFVD) on the quality of Muraenesox cinereus fillets were investigated. The quality assessment was based on color, 5‐inosine monophosphate (IMP), free amino acids (FAAs) and volatile compounds. Furthermore, comparisons were made among CFVD samples, those dried by hot air drying (HAD) and vacuum freeze drying (VFD). The results showed that the fillet temperature can be controlled within the scope of controlled freezing point by setting the vacuum pressure at 10–12 mbar, turning on the cold trap 40 min after CFVD (at −1 ± 1C) and regulating the heating plate temperature during the drying period. The highest increase in IMP (22.17%) and FAA content (34.54%) compared with the fresh fillets as well as the best color were observed in CFVD fillets. As to the carbonyl compounds, the major contributors to the odor and flavor of fresh fillets, the amount and types were the largest in HAD fillets, while the HAD fillets showed the significant browning. Therefore, CFVD is an effective method to control browning and increase the taste of fillets compared with HAD and VFD.Practical ApplicationsFish is a greatly perishable product because of its high protein content. Drying has been shown to be an efficient method of conservation. Controlled freezing‐point vacuum drying (CFVD) has been developed. In this study, the key technology challenge of CFVD and its effect on color and flavor of fillet, as well as the differences among the hot air drying and vacuum freeze drying, have been studied. The result shows that CFVD enables best quality in appearance and taste, which is quite helpful to establish an optimal drying condition for a more nutritious and high‐quality dried products.
Does Mode of Contact with Different Types of Social Relationships Predict Depression in Older Adults? Evidence from a Nationally Representative Survey
Authors: Teo Alan R. , Choi HwaJung , Andrea Sarah B. , Valenstein Marcia , Newsom Jason T. , Dobscha Steven K. , Zivin Kara 
Published: October 2015

ObjectivesTo determine associations between use of three different modes of social contact (in person, telephone, written or e‐mail), contact with different types of people, and risk of depressive symptoms in a nationally representative, longitudinal sample of older adults.DesignPopulation‐based observational cohort.SettingUrban and suburban communities throughout the contiguous United States.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 50 and older who participated in the Health and Retirement Survey between 2004 and 2010 (N = 11,065).MeasurementsFrequency of participant use of the three modes of social contact with children, other family members, and friends at baseline were used to predict depressive symptoms (measured using the eight‐item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) 2 years later using multivariable logistic regression models.ResultsProbability of having depressive symptoms steadily increased as frequency of in‐person—but not telephone or written or e‐mail contact—decreased. After controlling for demographic, clinical, and social variables, individuals with in‐person social contact every few months or less with children, other family, and friends had a significantly higher probability of clinically significant depressive symptoms 2 years later (11.5%) than those having in‐person contact once or twice per month (8.1%; P < .001) or once or twice per week (7.3%; P < .001). Older age, interpersonal conflict, and depression at baseline moderated some of the effects of social contact on depressive symptoms.ConclusionFrequency of in‐person social contact with friends and family independently predicts risk of subsequent depression in older adults. Clinicians should consider encouraging face‐to‐face social interactions as a preventive strategy for depression.
Microglial Janus kinase/signal transduction and activator of transcription 3 pathway activity directly impacts astrocyte and spinal neuron characteristics
Authors: Molet Jenny , Mauborgne Annie , Diallo Mickael , Armand Vincent , Geny David , Villanueva Luis , Boucher Yves , Pohl Michel 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAfter peripheral nerve injury microglial reactivity change in the spinal cord is associated with an early activation of Janus kinase (JAK)/STAT3 transduction pathway whose blockade attenuates local inflammation and pain hypersensitivity. However, the consequences of microglial JAK/STAT3‐mediated signaling on neighboring cells are unknown. Using an in vitro paradigm we assessed the impact of microglial JAK/STAT3 activity on functional characteristics of astrocytes and spinal cord neurons.Purified rat primary microglia was stimulated with JAK/STAT3 classical activator interleukin‐6 in the presence or absence of a selective STAT3 inhibitor and rat primary astrocytes or spinal cord neurons were exposed to microglia conditioned media (CM). JAK/STAT3 activity‐generated microglial CM modulated both astrocyte and neuron characteristics. Beyond inducing mRNA expression changes in various targets of interest in astrocytes and neurons, microglia CM activated c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase, STAT3 and NF‐κB intracellular pathways in astrocytes and promoted their proliferation. Without modifying neuronal excitability or survival, CM affected the nerve processes morphology and distribution of the post‐synaptic density protein 95, a marker of glutamatergic synaptic contacts. These findings show that JAK/STAT3 activity in microglia impacts the functional characteristics of astrocytes and neurons. This suggests its participation in spinal cord tissue plasticity and remodeling occurring after peripheral nerve injury.image
We show that the activity of JAK/STAT3 pathway in microglial cells confers them a specific signaling modality toward neighboring cells, promoting astrocyte proliferation and changes in neuronal morphology. These in vitro data suggest that the early JAK/STAT3 activation in spinal cord microglia, associated with peripheral nerve injury, participates in functional alteration of various cell populations and in spinal tissue remodeling.
Critical Connections: Health and Academics
Authors: Michael Shannon L. , Merlo Caitlin L. , Basch Charles E. , Wentzel Kathryn R. , Wechsler Howell 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDWhile it is a national priority to support the health and education of students, these sectors must better align, integrate, and collaborate to achieve this priority. This article summarizes the literature on the connection between health and academic achievement using the Whole School, Whole Community, and Whole Child (WSCC) framework as a way to address health‐related barriers to learning.METHODSA literature review was conducted on the association between student health and academic achievement.RESULTSMost of the evidence examined the association between student health behaviors and academic achievement, with physical activity having the most published studies and consistent findings. The evidence supports the need for school health services by demonstrating the association between chronic conditions and decreased achievement. Safe and positive school environments were associated with improved health behaviors and achievement. Engaging families and community members in schools also had a positive effect on students' health and achievement.CONCLUSIONSSchools can improve the health and learning of students by supporting opportunities to learn about and practice healthy behaviors, providing school health services, creating safe and positive school environments, and engaging families and community. This evidence supports WSCC as a potential framework for achieving national educational and health goals.
Building Sustainable Health and Education Partnerships: Stories From Local Communities
Authors: Blank Martin J. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDGrowing health disparities have a negative impact on young people's educational achievement. Community schools that involve deep relationships with partners across multiple domains address these disparities by providing opportunities and services that promote healthy development of young people, and enable them to graduate from high school ready for college, technical school, on‐the‐job training, career, and citizenship.METHODSResults from Milwaukie High School, North Clackamas, OR; Oakland Unified School District, Oakland, CA; and Cincinnati Community Learning Centers, Cincinnati, OH were based on a review of local site documents, web‐based information, interviews, and e‐mail communication with key local actors.RESULTSThe schools and districts with strong health partnerships reflecting community schools strategy have shown improvements in attendance, academic performance, and increased access to mental, dental, vision, and health supports for their students.CONCLUSIONSTo build deep health‐education partnerships and grow community schools, a working leadership and management infrastructure must be in place that uses quality data, focuses on results, and facilitates professional development across sectors. The leadership infrastructure of community school initiatives offers a prototype on which others can build. Moreover, as leaders build cross‐sector relationships, a clear definition of what scaling up means is essential for subsequent long‐term systemic change.
What Have We Learned From Collaborative Partnerships to Concomitantly Improve Both Education and Health?
Authors: Kolbe Lloyd J. , Allensworth Diane D. , Potts‐Datema William , White Douglas R. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDCollaborative partnerships are an essential means to concomitantly improve both education outcomes and health outcomes among K‐12 students.METHODSWe describe examples of contemporaneous, interactive, and evolving partnerships that have been implemented, respectively, by a national governmental health organization, national nongovernmental education and health organizations, a state governmental education organization, and a local nongovernmental health organization that serves partner schools.RESULTSEach of these partnerships strategically built operational infrastructures that enabled partners to efficiently combine their resources to improve student education and health.CONCLUSIONSTo implement a Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child Framework, we need to purposefully strengthen, expand, and interconnect national, state, and local collaborative partnerships and supporting infrastructures that concomitantly can improve both education and health.
Placing Students at the Center: The Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child Model
Authors: Morse Linda L. , Allensworth Diane D. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDStudents are the heart of the Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child (WSCC) model. Students are the recipients of programs and services to ensure that they are healthy, safe, engaged, supported, and challenged and also serve as partners in the implementation and dissemination of the WSCC model.METHODSA review of the number of students nationwide enjoying the 5 Whole Child tenets reveals severe deficiencies while a review of student‐centered approaches, including student engagement and student voice, appears to be one way to remedy these deficiencies.RESULTSResearch in both education and health reveals that giving students a voice and engaging students as partners benefits them by fostering development of skills, improvement in competence, and exertion of control over their lives while simultaneously improving outcomes for their peers and the entire school/organization.CONCLUSIONSCreating meaningful roles for students as allies, decision makers, planners, and consumers shows a commitment to prepare them for the challenges of today and the possibilities of tomorrow.
Resveratrol Stimulates Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Formation to Relax Murine Corpus Cavernosum
Authors: Yetik-Anacak G. , Dereli M. V. , Sevin G. , Ozzayım O. , Erac Y. , Ahmed A. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTIntroductionResveratrol (RVT) found in red wine protects against erectile dysfunction and relaxes penile tissue (corpus cavernosum) via a nitric oxide (NO) independent pathway. However, the mechanism remains to be elucidated. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a potent vasodilator and neuromodulator generated in corpus cavernosum.AimsWe investigated whether RVT caused the relaxation of mice corpus cavernosum (MCC) through H2S.MethodsH2S formation is measured by methylene blue assay and vascular reactivity experiments have been performed by DMT strip myograph in CD1 MCC strips.Main Outcome MeasuresEndothelial NO synthase (eNOS) inhibitor Nω-Nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, 0.1 mM) or H2S inhibitor aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA, 2 mM) which inhibits both cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine-gamma-lyase (CSE) enzyme or combination of AOAA with PAG (CSE inhibitor) has been used in the presence/absence of RVT (0.1 mM, 30 min) to elucidate the role of NO or H2S pathways on the effects of RVT in MCC. Concentration-dependent relaxations to RVT, L-cysteine, sodium hydrogen sulfide (NaHS) and acetylcholine (ACh) were studied.ResultsExposure of murine corpus cavernosum to RVT increased both basal and L-cysteine-stimulated H2S formation. Both of these effects were reversed by AOAA but not by L-NNA. RVT caused concentration-dependent relaxation of MCC and that RVT-induced relaxation was significantly inhibited by AOAA or AOAA+PAG but not by L-NNA. L-cysteine caused concentration-dependent relaxations, which are inhibited by AOAA or AOAA+PAG significantly. Incubation of MCC with RVT significantly increased L-cysteine-induced relaxation, and this effect was inhibited by AOAA+PAG. However, RVT did not alter the effect of exogenous H2S (NaHS) or ACh-induced relaxations.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that RVT-induced relaxation is at least partly dependent on H2S formation and acts independent of eNOS pathway. In phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor (PDE-5i) nonresponder population, combination therapy with RVT may reverse erectile dysfunction via stimulating endogenous H2S formation.
Symbolic Boundaries and Collective Violence. A New Theoretical Argument for an Explanatory Sociology of Collective Violent Action
Authors: Hartmann Eddie 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe sociology of violence still struggles with two critical questions: What motivates people to act violently on behalf of groups and how do they come to identify with the groups for which they act?Methodologicallythe article addresses these puzzling problems in favor of a relational sociology that argues against both micro‐ and macro‐reductionist accounts, whiletheoreticallyit proposes a twofold reorientation: first, it makes a plea for the so called cognitive turn in social theory; second, it proposes following praxeological accounts of social action that focus on the dynamic interpenetration of cognition and socio‐cultural practices. The argument is thatsymbolic boundariesconstitute the “missing link” that allows for overcoming the micro‐macro gap in violence research: Symbolic boundaries can cause people's participation in collective violence by providing the essential relational resources for violent action and by triggering the cognitive/affective mechanisms necessary for social actors to become drawn into mobilization processes that can cause their engaging in coordinated attacks on sites across the boundary. The article offers a new theoretical argument by drawing on knowledge from violence research, social action theory and cognitive science allowing for a non‐reductionist theory of action that explains how and why people engage in collective violence.
Effects of Carboxymethylcellulose, Yoghurt and Transglutaminase on Textural Properties of Oat Bread
Authors: Nitcheu Ngemakwe Patrick Hermaan , Le Roes‐Hill Marilize , Jideani Victoria Adaora 
Published: October 2015

AbstractOat bread was baked with carboxylmethylcellulose (CMC), yoghurt (YG) and transglutaminase (TG) following a 33 Box‐Behnken design consisting of CMC (1, 2 g), YG (10.75, 33.75 g) and TG (0.5, 1.5 g) as independent variables. The dependent variables of interest for the textural properties were hardness, chewiness, gumminess, springiness and specific loaf volume. Increasing CMC (1–2 g) significantly (P < 0.05) increased all the textural parameters of the bread, but not its specific volume (1.49–1.46 mL/g). YG significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the hardness (786.01–593.39 N), chewiness (36.44–20.22 N) and gumminess (2.28–1.21 N), but sightly (P > 0.05) increased the springiness (11.28–11.41 mm) and specific loaf volume (1.51–1.67 mL/g) of the resulting bread. TG significantly (P < 0.05) affected all the textural parameters of oat bread, increased bread hardness (537.85–692.41 N), but decreased other parameters such as gumminess (4.66–2.14 N), springiness (6.47–4.14 mm), and specific loaf volume (1.61–1.54 mL/g) as the level of TG increased from 0.5 to 1.5 g. The objective of the optimization was to establish the amount of CMC, YG and TG required for optimal oat bread production. Hardness, chewiness, gumminess and springiness were used for numerical optimization to estimate the optimal level of ingredients for the production of oat bread. The predicted optimal ingredients for preparing oat bread were: CMC (1 g), yoghurt (33.75 g) and TG (0.98 g) with a desirability of 0.93.Practical ApplicationsThe consumption of oats is increasing worldwide, mainly due to the interest in novel and healthy foods as potential alternative ingredients to wheat flour for breadmaking. However, the absence of gluten development in oat dough leads to bread with a crumbling texture and other postbaking defects. This technological problem has created the need for functional food ingredients such as carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), yoghurt (YG) and transglutaminase (TG) to counteract these undesirable baking and postbaking defects. CMC increased all the textural parameters of bread, except its specific loaf volume. YG decreased the hardness, chewiness and gumminess but increased the resilience (cohesion energy and cohesion force), springiness and specific loaf volume of the resulting bread. TG decreased all the physical and textural parameters of oat bread with exception of hardness which increased. Optimizing the amount of CMC, YG and TG required for oat bread with the most desirable properties is vital because the quality and price of the final product depend on this parameter.
Potential of Sponge Cake Making using Infrared–Hot Air Dried Carrot
Authors: Salehi Fakhreddin , Kashaninejad Mahdi , Akbari Ehsan , Sobhani Seyyede Mahshid , Asadi Fereshteh 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe potential of carrot powder was evaluated for production of fiber rich sponge cakes. In this study, first, the carrots slices were dried in an infrared‐hot air dryer (250 W, 60C and 1 m/s flow rate). Then, the rheological properties of cake batters and physicochemical, textural and sensory properties of sponge cake supplemented with five different levels of carrot powder (0, 5, 10, 20 and 30%) were evaluated. The apparent viscosity of cake batters increased from 12.3 to 37.2 Pa s with increasing carrot powder levels from 0 to 30%. Increasing the level of substitution from 0 to 30%, carrot powder decreased the volume of cakes from 66.67 to 56.29 cm3. The density, ash, β‐carotene and moisture content of baked cakes increased with increasing carrot powder levels from 0 to 30%, whereas the protein and carbohydrate content of samples showed a reverse trend. Sensory evaluation results indicated that cake with 10% carrot powder was rated the most acceptable. The hardness, cohesiveness and chewiness values were in the range of 693.82–869.18 g, 0.55–0.58 g and 358.99–450.56 g, respectively. The sponge cake with 10% carrot exhibited a color, with L*, a* and b* equal to 76.81, 1.81 and 68.45, respectively.Practical ApplicationsBakery products are consumed all over the world and the enrichment of these products with fibers and β‐carotene may be achieved through the incorporation of rich fibers and β‐carotene sources. Carrot is one of these sources, which have a great potential. In this study, a novel formulation of sponge cake production with carrot was developed.