bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Violence‐Related Trauma from the Cistercian Abbey of St Mary Graces and a Late Black Death Cemetery
Authors: Krakowka K. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe skeletal assemblage excavated from the precinct of St Mary Graces in London (part of the MIN86 collection curated at the Museum of London) is composed of two separate burial populations: the abbey burials, both intra‐ and extramural, and the western cemetery, which was a burial ground for victims of the later waves of the Black Death. Representing both ends of the social status spectrum, these two cemeteries offer a unique look at the patterns and prevalence of violence in a small cross section of the medieval London population. The lower status males from the western cemetery presented with a large number of skull fractures, indicating a high level of violence. The high‐status individuals buried within the abbey were not immune from violence‐related trauma. They presented with a large number of rib fractures, possibly a result of combat or combat practice as many of these individuals were knights and lords. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trauma in the Titicaca Basin, Bolivia (AD 1000–1450)
Authors: Juengst S. L. , Chávez S. J. , Hutchinson D. L. , Mohr Chávez K. L. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe Late Intermediate Period (LIP) (AD 1000–1450) in the Andes was a time of turbulent political and social change as two major states, Wari and Tiwanaku, lost power. Increased rates of skeletal trauma in parts of Peru and Chile for this time period have been interpreted as increased interpersonal violence, perhaps as a result of the political vacuum left in the wake of state collapse. In the Titicaca Basin, people increasingly built defensive architecture on the northern lake shore; however, in the southern lake basin, people did not. Few skeletal remains have been excavated in the lake basin overall to corroborate an increase in violent activity or measure if violent activity was increasing for all populations. This paper reports the skeletal trauma for nine LIP individuals excavated from a common tomb on the Copacabana Peninsula in the southern Titicaca basin. This small sample is important for several reasons: (i) they are the only skeletal remains from the Copacabana Peninsula during the LIP; (ii) 100% of the sample population experienced traumatic injury, possibly because of interpersonal violence; and (iii) trauma was often survived. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Benchmark study on glyphosate‐resistant cropping systems in the United States. Part 7: Effects of weed management strategy (grower practices versus academic recommendations) on the weed soil seedbank over 6 years
Authors: Gibson David J , Young Bryan G , Owen Micheal DK , Gage Karla L , Matthews Joseph L , Jordan David L , Shaw David R , Weller Stephen C , Wilson Robert G 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDShifts in weed species composition and richness resulting from near‐exclusive reliance on herbicides in glyphosate‐resistant (GR) cropping systems has necessitated the implementation of alternative weed management tactics to reduce selection pressures of herbicides. We contrasted the response of the weed soil seedbank to effects of weed management strategy, comparing grower practices with academic recommendations for best management practices (BMPs) over 6 years and across five weed hardiness zones in the US Midwest at sites subject to GR cropping systems.RESULTSTotal weed population density and species richness varied according to cropping system, location and prior year's crop, but less so to weed management strategy. The seedbank population density for 11 of the 14 most frequent weed species was affected by weed management strategy either alone or in an interaction with hardiness zone or year, or both. In only 29% of comparisons was weed population density lower following academic recommendations, and this depended upon prior crop and cropping system. The population density of high‐risk weed species was reduced by academic recommendations, but only in two of six years and under continuous GR maize. Overall, the weed population density was decreasing in field halves subject to the BMPs in the academic recommendations relative to grower practices.CONCLUSIONThe soil seedbank is slow to respond to academic recommendations to mitigate glyphosate‐resistant weeds, but represents a biological legacy that growers need to keep in mind even when management practices reduce emerged field weed population densities. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Behavioral response of spotted‐wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii Matsumura, to aversive odors and a potential oviposition deterrent in the field
Authors: Wallingford Anna K , Hesler Stephen P , Cha Dong H , Loeb Gregory M 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDDrosophilia suzukii Matsumura is an invasive pest insect that lays its eggs in the fruit of several commercially grown crops. An effective oviposition deterrent could contribute to its management. Repellant odors were evaluated in the laboratory and in the field.RESULTSGeosmin and 1‐octen‐3‐ol were found to be aversive to seven‐day‐old female D. suzukii at concentrations of 10−1 and 10−2 in laboratory choice tests. Field experiments found that fewer eggs were observed in fruit on the day of harvest and fewer adult D. suzukii were reared from fruit associated with 1‐octen‐3‐ol odors than control fruit in cultivated red raspberry.CONCLUSIONGeosmin and 1‐octen‐3‐ol induce aversive behaviors in Drosophila suzukii and are potential oviposition deterrents for its management in fruit crops. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Autonomous Aerial Water Sampling
Authors: Ore John‐Paul , Elbaum Sebastian , Burgin Amy , Detweiler Carrick 
Published: May 2015

Obtaining spatially separated, high‐frequency water samples from rivers and lakes is critical to enhance our understanding and effective management of freshwater resources. In this work, we present an aerial water sampler and assess the system through field experiments. The aerial water sampler has the potential to vastly increase the speed and range at which scientists obtain water samples while reducing cost and effort. The water sampling system includes 1) a mechanism to capture three 20 ml samples per mission, 2) sensors and algorithms for altitude approximation over water, and 3) software components that integrate and analyze sensor data, control the vehicle, drive the sampling mechanism, and manage risk. We validate the system in the lab, characterize key sensors, develop a framework for quantifying risk, and present results of outdoor experiments that characterize the performance of the system under windy conditions. In addition, we compare water samples from local lakes obtained by our system to samples obtained by traditional sampling techniques. We find that even winds of 5.8 m/s have little impact on the water sampling system and that the samples collected are consistent with traditional techniques for most properties. These experiments show that despite the challenges associated with flying precisely over water, it is possible to quickly obtain scientifically useful water samples with an unmanned aerial vehicle.
Interference management schemes for multi‐user cooperative wireless networks
Authors: Omri Aymen , Hasna Mazen O. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractCooperative communication is a promising technique for future wireless networks. It can be used in improving communication reliability and enhancing spectrum efficiency by using the broadcast nature of radio communication and exploiting cooperative diversity. However, its performance gain degrades in the presence of co‐channel interference, which makes it essential to propose interference mitigation schemes. In this paper, we introduce three cooperative communication schemes with interference management for multi‐user cooperative wireless networks. The first scheme (best relay selection) is used as a performance benchmark because it completely avoids the interference problem by using the Frequency‐Division Multiple Access technique. The second scheme (best available relay selection) maximizes the received signal‐to‐noise ratio while keeping the interference levels below a certain threshold, and the third scheme (General Order Relay and User Selection) is based on iterative resource allocation algorithm. We derive exact closed‐form expressions of average bit error probability, outage probability, and average consumed power for the proposed schemes. Simulations are used to validate the analytical results. The results confirm the advantage of the proposed cooperation schemes in enhancing the system performance and improving the interference management. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Induction of TNF‐α signaling cascade in neonatal rat brain during propofol anesthesia
Authors: Popić Jelena , Pešić Vesna , Milanović Desanka , Lončarević‐Vasiljković Nataša , Smiljanić Kosara , Kanazir Selma , Ruždijić Sabera 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPropofol anesthesia can trigger pro‐ and anti‐apoptotic signaling pathways in the rat brain. In our previous work, we demonstrated that propofol causes widespread apoptotic neurodegeneration in 7‐postnatal‐day‐old (PND7) but not in PND14 rat neurons. The mechanism responsible for these opposing outcomes is unknown, apparently linked to the specific stage of brain development. The present study aims to elucidate the anti‐apoptotic process that is activated in the cortex and thalamus of PND14 Wistar rats during the first 48 h after the onset of propofol anesthesia. We showed that the expression of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and several components of its pathway, TNFR1 and caspase‐8, was significantly increased in the cortex and thalamus. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) p65 was downregulated in the cortex and upregulated in the thalamus. The expression of c‐Fos was upregulated only in the cortex, showing opposed profile compared to NF‐κB p65. Double immunofluorescence staining revealed the colocalization of NF‐κB p65 with neuronal marker (NeuN), but with predominantly cytoplasmic localization. Finally, X‐linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) was upregulated in both examined structures. Immunohistochemical staining with Iba‐1 revealed that the treatment did not induce changes in microglial morphology. Our results (i) reveal that the simultaneous activation of pro‐ and anti‐apoptotic signaling occurs after propofol anesthesia, and (ii) pinpoint the potential neuroprotective role of XIAP in anesthesia‐induced neurotoxicity.
Usefulness of brain natriuretic peptide for predicting left atrial appendage thrombus in patients with unanticoagulated nonvalvular persistent atrial fibrillation
Authors: Ochiumi Yusuke , Kagawa Eisuke , Kato Masaya , Sasaki Shota , Nakano Yoshinori , Itakura Kiho , Takiguchi Yu , Ikeda Shuntaro , Dote Keigo 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe CHADS2 scoring system is simple and widely accepted for predicting thromboembolism in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). Although congestive heart failure (CHF) is a component of the CHADS2 score, the definition of CHF remains unclear. We previously reported that the presence of CHF was a strong predictor of left atrial appendage (LAA) thrombus. Therefore, the present study aimed to elucidate the relationship between LAA thrombus and the brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level in patients with unanticoagulated NVAF.MethodsThe study included 524 consecutive patients with NVAF who had undergone transesophageal echocardiography to detect intracardiac thrombus before cardioversion between January 2006 and December 2008, at Hiroshima City Asa Hospital. The exclusion criteria were as follows: paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, unknown BNP levels, prothrombin time international normalized ratio ≥2.0, and hospitalization for systemic thromboembolism.ResultsReceiver operating characteristic analysis yielded optimal plasma BNP cut‐off levels of 157.1 pg/mL (area under the curve, 0.91; p<0.01) and 251.2 pg/mL (area under the curve, 0.70; p<0.01) for identifying CHF and detecting LAA thrombus, respectively. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that a BNP level >251.2 pg/mL was an independent predictor of LAA thrombus (odds ratio, 3.51; 95% confidence interval, 1.08–10.7; p=0.046).ConclusionsIn patients with unanticoagulated NVAF, a BNP level >251.2 pg/mL may be helpful for predicting the incidence of LAA thrombus and may be used as a surrogate marker of CHF. The BNP level is clinically useful for the risk stratification of systemic thromboembolism in patients with unanticoagulated NVAF.
A matched‐pair comparison of single plus one port versus standard extraperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy by a single urologist
Authors: Zhang Dong‐Xu , Teng Jing‐Fei , Pan Xiu‐Wu , Wang Kai , Cui Xin‐Gang , Xu Dan‐Feng , Li Yao , Gao Yi , Yin Lei , Wang Jun‐Kai , Chen Lu 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe conducted this study to report on our initial experience and assess the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of extraperitoneal single plus one port laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (SPOPL‐RP), and determine whether it shows any objective advantage over standard laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. From June 2009 to September 2011, 15 extraperitoneal SPOPL‐RPs were performed through a 2–3‐cm subumbilical longitudinal incision and another 5‐mm trocar placed at the McBurney point. This cohort was compared with 37 contemporary patients who underwent standard extraperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy performed by the same urologist. Peri‐ and postoperative outcomes, including continence, potency, and scar length, were statistically analyzed. The two groups were comparable with respect to patient demographics, estimated blood loss, drainage time, duration of catheterization, catheterization rate >14 days, complication rate, postoperative hospitalization, and postoperative functional and oncologic outcomes (p > 0.05). The SPOPL‐RP procedures had a longer mean operative time (170.1 minutes vs. 139.5 minutes, p = 0.005), but with fewer patients requiring analgesics (20% vs. 54.1%, p = 0.038) and earlier resumption of oral intake (20.7 hours vs. 26.8 hours, p = 0.037). The mean scar length in the SPOPL‐RP group was much smaller (3.4 cm vs. 5.8 cm, p = 0.000) owing to the significant reduction of the skin incision. The peri‐ and postoperative outcomes of SPOPL‐RP for low‐risk prostate cancer are comparable to those with the standard laparoscopic approach. In addition, SPOPL‐RP provides better postoperative pain control, faster recovery of bowel function, and smaller scar length than standard laparoscopy, albeit with a longer operative time.
An integrated genomic analysis of papillary renal cell carcinoma type 1 uncovers the role of focal adhesion and extracellular matrix pathways
Authors: Wala Samantha Jane , Karamchandani Jason Raj , Saleeb Rola , Evans Andrew , Ding Qiang , Ibrahim Rania , Jewett Michael , Pasic Maria , Finelli Antonio , Pace Kenneth , Lianidou Evi , Yousef George Makram 
Published: May 2015

Papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) is the second most common RCC subtype and can be further classified as type 1 (pRCC1) or 2 (pRCC2). There is currently minimal understanding of pRCC1 pathogenesis, and treatment decisions are mostly empirical. The aim of this study was to identify biological pathways that are involved in pRCC1 pathogenesis using an integrated genomic approach. By microarray analysis, we identified a number of significantly dysregulated genes and microRNAs (miRNAs) that were unique to pRCC1. Integrated bioinformatics analyses showed enrichment of the focal adhesion and extracellular matrix (ECM) pathways. We experimentally validated that many members of these pathways are dysregulated in pRCC1. We identified and experimentally validated the downregulation of miR‐199a‐3p in pRCC1. Using cell line models, we showed that miR‐199a‐3p plays an important role in pRCC1 pathogenesis. Gain of function experiments showed that miR‐199a‐3p overexpression significantly decreased cell proliferation (p = 0.013). We also provide evidence that miR‐199a‐3p regulates the expression of genes linked to the focal adhesion and ECM pathways, such as caveolin 2 (CAV2), integrin beta 8 (ITGB8), MET proto‐oncogene and mammalian target of rapamycin (MTOR). Using a luciferase reporter assay, we further provide evidence that miR‐199a‐3p overexpression decreases the expression of MET and MTOR. Using an integrated gene/miRNA approach, we provide evidence linking miRNAs to the focal adhesion and ECM pathways in pRCC1 pathogenesis. This novel information can contribute to the development of effective targeted therapies for pRCC1, for which there is none currently available in the clinic.
Nerve fibers infiltrate the tumor microenvironment and are associated with nerve growth factor production and lymph node invasion in breast cancer
Authors: Pundavela Jay , Roselli Severine , Faulkner Sam , Attia John , Scott Rodney J. , Thorne Rick F. , Forbes John F. , Bradshaw Ralph A. , Walker Marjorie M. , Jobling Phillip , Hondermarck Hubert 
Published: May 2015

Infiltration of the tumor microenvironment by nerve fibers is an understudied aspect of breast carcinogenesis. In this study, the presence of nerve fibers was investigated in a cohort of 369 primary breast cancers (ductal carcinomas in situ, invasive ductal and lobular carcinomas) by immunohistochemistry for the neuronal marker PGP9.5. Isolated nerve fibers (axons) were detected in 28% of invasive ductal carcinomas as compared to only 12% of invasive lobular carcinomas and 8% of ductal carcinomas in situ (p = 0.0003). In invasive breast cancers, the presence of nerve fibers was observed in 15% of lymph node negative tumors and 28% of lymph node positive tumors (p = 0.0031), indicating a relationship with the metastatic potential. In addition, there was an association between the presence of nerve fibers and the expression of nerve growth factor (NGF) in cancer cells (p = 0.0001). In vitro, breast cancer cells were able to induce neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells, and this neurotrophic activity was partially inhibited by anti‐NGF blocking antibodies. In conclusion, infiltration by nerve fibers is a feature of the tumor microenvironment that is associated with aggressiveness and involves NGF production by cancer cells. The potential participation of nerve fibers in breast cancer progression needs to be further considered.
Excitation of electron plasma wave by filamented laser beam and third-harmonic generation in magneto plasma
Authors: Sharma Prerana 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe combined effects of filamentation and magnetic field on the third-harmonic generation of electromagnetic beams have been investigated considering extended paraxial rays in magneto plasma. The analysis is done using eikonal method in which eikonal and other relevant quantities are extended up to fourth power of r. The time scale of laser beam is chosen such that the relativistic mass variation of electron becomes dominated source of nonlinearity in refractive index. The expression for coupling between ultra-intense laser beam and electron plasma wave due to relativistic nonlinearity has been deduced. Interaction of the seed plasma wave with the incident filamented laser beam excites the plasma wave and generates third harmonics. The expressions for plasma wave power and third-harmonic power have been derived. The effect of the magnetic field on the power of plasma wave and the third-harmonic power has been carried out. The role of magnetic field has been found to decrease the power of plasma wave and so as the power of third harmonic. Our results can be helpful for various laser plasma diagnostics experiments in which magnetic field present externally or generated spontaneously in the high-power laser–plasma interaction.
Unusual location of the Libman–Sacks endocarditis in a teenager: a case report
Authors: Wałdoch Anna , Kwiatkowska Joanna , Dorniak Karolina 
Published: May 2015

AbstractLibman–Sacks endocarditis may be the first manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus. The risk of its occurrence increases with the co-existence of the anti-phospholipid syndrome. Changes usually involve the mitral valve and the aortic valve. In this report, we present a case of Libman–Sacks endocarditis of the tricuspid valve in a teenage girl.
Nonlinear Lock-In Infrared Microscopy: A Complementary Investigation Technique for the Analysis of Functional Electroceramic Components
Authors: Hofstätter Michael , Raidl Nadine , Sartory Bernhard , Supancic Peter 
Published: May 2015

AbstractUsing lock-in infrared microscopy as a tool for current detection on the micrometer scale in AC-driven specimens in combination with iterative grinding procedure allows preparation of current dominating microstructure regions on well-polished surfaces. This technique is applied successfully on varistor components based on specially doped ZnO-based varistor ceramics. This peculiar electroceramic material exhibits exceptional high nonlinear current–voltage (I-V) characteristics, described by a power law according I~Vα, caused by double Schottky barriers at the grain boundaries. As a novelty the thermographic response is used to evaluate local electrical properties, namely the nonlinearity coefficient α, on basis of higher order harmonics with respect to the basic electrical driving AC-frequency.To correlate the observed electrical properties to the microstructure, the polar crystal orientation of the relevant ZnO grains is determined by combining electron backscatter diffraction and orientation-dependent patterns as a result of a chemical etching procedure. These findings support a modified new model for describing the grain boundary controlled current flow in a varistor microstructure including orientation-dependent barrier properties. Hence, the experimentally observed current direction-dependent behavior can be described consistently.
Modulation of radiochemoimmunotherapy-induced B16 melanoma cell death by the pan-caspase inhibitor zVAD-fmk induces anti-tumor immunity in a HMGB1-, nucleotide- and T-cell-dependent manner
Authors: Werthmöller N , Frey B , Wunderlich R , Fietkau R , Gaipl U S 
Published: May 2015

AbstractOne prerequisite that radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy (CT) result in anti-tumor immune responses is triggering of immunogenic cell death forms such as necroptosis. The latter is inducible by inhibition of apoptosis with the pan-caspase inhibitor zVAD-fmk. The design of multimodal therapies that overcome melanoma's resistance to apoptosis is a big challenge of oncoimmunology. As hints exist that immune stimulation by hyperthermia (HT) augments the efficacy of melanoma therapies and that tumors can be sensitized for RT with zVAD-fmk, we asked whether combinations of RT with dacarbazine (DTIC) and/or HT induce immunogenic melanoma cell death and how this is especially influenced by zVAD-fmk. Necroptosis was inducible in poorly immunogenic B16-F10 melanoma cells and zVAD-fmk generally increased melanoma cell necrosis concomitantly with the release of HMGB1. Supernatants (SNs) of melanoma cells whose cell death was modulated with zVAD-fmk induced an upregulation of the activation markers CD86 and MHCII on macrophages. The same was seen on dendritic cells (DCs), but only when zVAD-fmk was added to multimodal tumor treatments including DTIC. DCs of MyD88 KO mice and DCs incubated with SNs containing apyrase did not increase the expression of these activation markers on their surface. Thein vivoexperiments revealed that zVAD-fmk decreases the tumor growth significantly and results in a significantly reduced tumor infiltration of Tregs when added to multimodal treatment of the tumor with RT, DTIC and HT. Further, a significantly increased DC and CD8+ T-cell infiltration into the tumor and in the draining lymph nodes was induced, as well as an increased expression of IFNγby CD8+ T cells. However, zVAD-fmk did not further reduce tumor growth in MyD88 KO mice, mice treated with apyrase or RAG KO mice. We conclude that HMGB1, nucleotides and CD8+ T cells mediate zVAD-fmk induced anti-melanoma immune reactions in multimodal therapy settings.