bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Valve Corporation: Strategy Tipping Points and Thresholds
Authors: Felin Teppo 
Published: September 2015

Valve Corporation represents an intriguing case study of flat structure and self organization (Puranam &amp; Håkonsson, 2015; Valve, 2012). The structures and practices of Valve of course are not new. But the company provides an interesting experiment and illustration that powerfully highlights how organizational design can impact individual and collective behavior, strategy and performance.
Propriété intellectuelle, Cour suprême du Canada et droit civil
Authors: Rivoire Maxence , Gold E. Richard 
Published: September 2015

La Cour suprême du Canada est un laboratoire de droit comparé. Symbole de l’hybridation entre le droit civil et la common law, elle est composée de juges provenant du Québec et du reste du Canada. Chaque mariage connaît son lot de difficultés : il arrive que la Cour doive interpréter le droit fédéral alors que les deux systèmes se contredisent. En l’absence de règles supplétives communes ayant vocation à s’appliquer à l’ensemble du pays, les juges doivent alors opter pour l’une ou l’autre des traditions. Les auteurs se servent de l’exemple de la propriété intellectuelle pour examiner le traitement du droit civil par la Cour suprême dans le domaine du droit d’auteur, du droit des brevets et du droit des marques de commerce.
L’article part du constat de l’impopularité des arguments civilistes pour en expliquer les raisons profondes, d’ordre philosophique. D’un côté, la common law, qui voit dans la propriété intellectuelle un instrument au service de l’innovation, de la création ou du commerce. De l’autre, le droit civil, pour lequel la protection de la personne du titulaire du droit est une fin en soi. Au milieu, la Cour suprême, qui fait le choix délibéré de la common law. Les auteurs, formés dans la richesse des deux traditions, offrent un regard particulier eu égard à leurs parcours. Une mixité à l’image du transsystémisme qui leur permet d’aboutir à une rare neutralité scientifique. Leur texte s’adresse aux juristes canadiens mais aussi, à l’heure où s’élaborent des projets d’intégration et d’harmonisation du droit dans le Vieux Continent, à la communauté juridique internationale.
Prioritizing Clinician Wellbeing: The University of Virginia's Compassionate Care Initiative
Authors: Bauer-Wu Susan , Fontaine Dorrie 
Published: September 2015

Background: Working in healthcare is increasingly challenging for nurses, physicians, and other health professionals. Ongoing high stress takes a toll on clinicians and interferes with the quality of their patient care. Fostering clinician wellbeing needs to be a priority; if not, the human and financial consequences are significant. Objective: To describe the University of Virginia (UVA) School of Nursing's Compassionate Care Initiative (CCI) as an example of an organizational case study that is engaged in multi-pronged efforts to cultivate a resilient healthcare workforce committed to high-quality, compassionate, relationship-based care. Methods: This case report de scribes the development, implementation, and evaluation of the CCI at UVA. Various elements of the program are reviewed, which include harnessing talents and interests of the larger institution in the establishment of Compassionate Care Ambassadors, outreach to the community, innovative student-specific educational activities, and a national media program. Conclusion: The UVA CCI is a successful model of an organizational effort to promote clinician wellbeing and resilience. Aspects from this program can be adapted to other organizations that are committed to addressing this critical issue in US healthcare today.
Aligning Theory and Design: The Development of an Online Learning Intervention to Teach Evidence-based Practice for Maximal Reach
Authors: Delagran Louise , Vihstadt Corrie , Evans Roni 
Published: September 2015

Background: Online educational interventions to teach evidence-based practice (EBP) are a promising mechanism for overcoming some of the barriers to incorporating research into practice. However, attention must be paid to aligning strategies with adult learning theories to achieve optimal outcomes. Methods: We describe the development of a series of short self-study modules, each covering a small set of learning objectives. Our approach, informed by design-based research (DBR), involved 6 phases: analysis, design, design evaluation, redesign, development/implementation, and evaluation. Participants were faculty and students in 3 health programs at a complementary and integrative educational institution. Results: We chose a reusable learning object approach that allowed us to apply 4 main learning theories: events of instruction, cognitive load, dual processing, and ARCS (attention, relevance, confidence, satisfaction). A formative design evaluation suggested that the identified theories and instructional approaches were likely to facilitate learning and motivation. Summative evaluation was based on a student survey (N=116) that addressed how these theories supported learning. Results suggest that, overall, the selected theories helped students learn. Conclusion: The DBR approach allowed us to evaluate the specific intervention and theories for general applicability. This process also helped us define and document the intervention at a level of detail that covers almost all the proposed Guideline for Reporting Evidence-based practice Educational intervention and Teaching (GREET) items. This thorough description will facilitate the interpretation of future research and implementation of the intervention. Our approach can also serve as a model for others considering online EBP intervention development.
Evidence for weakening of the Walker circulation from cloud observations
Authors: Bellomo Katinka , Clement Amy C. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractClimate models simulate a weakening of the Walker circulation in response to increased greenhouse gases, but it has not been possible to detect this weakening with observations because there are not direct measurements of atmospheric circulation strength. Indirect measurements, such as equatorial gradients in sea level pressure (SLP), exhibit trends of inconsistent sign. In this study we estimate the change in midtropospheric velocity (ω500) from observed change in cloud cover, which we argue is more closely tied to the overturning circulation than indirect measurements of SLP at the surface. Our estimates suggest a weakening and eastward shift of the Walker circulation over the last century. Because changes in cloud cover in Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project simulations forced with increased sea surface temperature are remarkably similar in pattern, sign, and magnitude, we assert that the observed changes in cloud cover and the associated weakening of Walker circulation are at least in part externally forced.
High‐pressure metamorphism in the southern New England Orogen: Implications for long‐lived accretionary orogenesis in eastern Australia
Authors: Phillips G. , Offler R. , Rubatto D. , Phillips D. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractNew geochemical, metamorphic, and isotopic data are presented from high‐pressure metamorphic rocks in the southern New England Orogen (eastern Australia). Conventional and optimal thermobarometry are augmented by U‐Pb zircon and 40Ar/39Ar phengite dating to define pressure‐temperature‐time (P‐T‐t) histories for the rocks. The P‐T‐t histories are compared with competing geodynamic models for the Tasmanides, which can be summarized as (i) a retreating orogen model, the Tasmanides formed above a continuous, west dipping, and eastward retreating subduction zone, and (ii) a punctuated orogen model, the Tasmanides formed by several arc accretion, subduction flip, and/or transference events. Whereas both scenarios are potentially supported by the new data, an overlap between the timing of metamorphic recrystallization and key stages of Tasmanides evolution favors a relationship between a single, long‐lived subduction zone and the formation, exhumation, and exposure of the high‐pressure rocks. By comparison with the retreating orogen model, the following links with the P‐T‐t histories emerge: (i) exhumation and underplating of oceanic eclogite during the Delamerian Orogeny, (ii) recrystallization of underplated and exhuming high‐pressure rocks at amphibolite facies conditions coeval with a period of rollback, and (iii) selective recrystallization of high‐pressure rocks at blueschist facies conditions, reflecting metamorphism in a cooled subduction zone. The retreating orogen model can also account for the anomalous location of the Cambrian‐Ordovician high‐pressure rocks in the Devonian‐Carboniferous New England Orogen, where sequential rollback cycles detached and translated parts of the leading edge of the overriding plate to the next, younger orogenic cycle.
Association between sex inequality in animal protein intake and economic development in the Papua New Guinea highlands: The carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition of scalp hair and fingernail
Authors: Umezaki Masahiro , Naito Yuichi I. , Tsutaya Takumi , Baba Jun , Tadokoro Kiyoshi , Odani Shingo , Morita Ayako , Natsuhara Kazumi , Phuanukoonnon Suparat , Vengiau Gwendalyn , Siba Peter M. , Yoneda Minoru 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTObjectivesPeople in the Papua New Guinea Highlands consume sweet potatoes as their dietary staple; consumption of animal protein is limited. In such societies with marginal protein intake, the intra‐household allocation of animal protein in terms of sex or age is of importance. The objective of this study was to investigate how the allocation pattern of protein‐rich foods by sex and age is associated with economic development in the Papua New Guinea Highlands.MethodsThe carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions of fingernails, collected in 1995 in two areas (Tari and Port Moresby [the national capital where Tari migrants resided]), and of scalp hair, collected in 2007, 2012, and 2013 in three areas of different degree of economic development (Levani, Tari, and Goroka) were analyzed.ResultsAnalysis of fingernail samples showed that δ15N was lower in rural communities than in the urban migrant community, while a sex difference in δ15N (higher in males than in females) was found in the former but not in the latter community. Age was not associated with either δ15N or δ13C values. The analysis of scalp hair samples showed that δ15N values were lowest in Levani, the least developed area. Furthermore, there were statistically significant sex differences in δ15N values in Levani but not in Tari and Goroka. Age was not associated with either δ15N or δ13C values.DiscussionThe sex inequality in animal protein consumption seems to have decreased as the communities in the Papua New Guinea Highlands have experienced economic development. Am J Phys Anthropol 159:164–173, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An Accurate In Vitro Model of the E. coli Envelope
Authors: Clifton Luke A. , Holt Stephen A. , Hughes Arwel V. , Daulton Emma L. , Arunmanee Wanatchaporn , Heinrich Frank , Khalid Syma , Jefferies Damien , Charlton Timothy R. , Webster John R. P. , Kinane Christian J. , Lakey Jeremy H. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractGram‐negative bacteria are an increasingly serious source of antibiotic‐resistant infections, partly owing to their characteristic protective envelope. This complex, 20 nm thick barrier includes a highly impermeable, asymmetric bilayer outer membrane (OM), which plays a pivotal role in resisting antibacterial chemotherapy. Nevertheless, the OM molecular structure and its dynamics are poorly understood because the structure is difficult to recreate or study in vitro. The successful formation and characterization of a fully asymmetric model envelope using Langmuir–Blodgett and Langmuir–Schaefer methods is now reported. Neutron reflectivity and isotopic labeling confirmed the expected structure and asymmetry and showed that experiments with antibacterial proteins reproduced published in vivo behavior. By closely recreating natural OM behavior, this model provides a much needed robust system for antibiotic development.
Oxidative Deselenization of Selenocysteine: Applications for Programmed Ligation at Serine
Authors: Malins Lara R. , Mitchell Nicholas J. , McGowan Sheena , Payne Richard J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDespite the unique chemical properties of selenocysteine (Sec), ligation at Sec is an under‐utilized methodology for protein synthesis. We describe herein an unprecedented protocol for the conversion of Sec to serine (Ser) in a single, high‐yielding step. When coupled with ligation at Sec, this transformation provides a new approach to programmed ligations at Ser residues. This new reaction is compatible with a wide range of functionality, including the presence of unprotected amino acid side chains and appended glycans. The utility of the methodology is demonstrated in the rapid synthesis of complex glycopeptide fragments of the epithelial glycoproteins MUC5AC and MUC4 and through the total synthesis of the structured, cysteine (Cys)‐free protein eglin C.
Coordination Chemistry of [Co(acac)2] with N‐Doped Graphene: Implications for Oxygen Reduction Reaction Reactivity of Organometallic Co‐O4‐N Species
Authors: Han Jongwoo , Sa Young Jin , Shim Yeonjun , Choi Min , Park Noejung , Joo Sang Hoon , Park Sungjin 
Published: September 2015

AbstractHybridization of organometallic complexes with graphene‐based materials can give rise to enhanced catalytic performance. Understanding the chemical structures within hybrid materials is of primary importance. In this work, archetypical hybrid materials are synthesized by the reaction of an organometallic complex, [CoII(acac)2] (acac=acetylacetonate), with N‐doped graphene‐based materials at room temperature. Experimental characterization of the hybrid materials and theoretical calculations reveal that the organometallic cobalt‐containing species is coordinated to heterocyclic groups in N‐doped graphene as well as to its parental acac ligands. The hybrid material shows high electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline media, and superior durability and methanol tolerance to a Pt/C catalyst. Based on the chemical structures and ORR experiments, the catalytically active species is identified as a Co‐O4‐N structure.
Biomimetic Total Syntheses of (−)‐Leucoridines A and C through the Dimerization of (−)‐Dihydrovalparicine
Authors: Kokkonda Praveen , Brown Keaon R. , Seguin Trevor J. , Wheeler Steven E. , Vaddypally Shivaiah , Zdilla Michael J. , Andrade Rodrigo B. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractConcise biomimetic syntheses of the Strychnos‐Strychnos‐type bis‐indole alkaloids (−)‐leucoridine A (1) and C (2) were accomplished through the biomimetic dimerization of (−)‐dihydrovalparicine (3). En route to 3, the known alkaloids (+)‐geissoschizoline (8) and (−)‐dehydrogeissoschizoline (10) were also prepared. DFT calculations were employed to elucidate the mechanism, which favors a stepwise aza‐Michael/spirocyclization sequence over the alternate hetero‐Diels–Alder cycloaddition reaction.
The Instability of Ni{N(SiMe3)2}2: A Fifty Year Old Transition Metal Silylamide Mystery
Authors: Faust Michelle , Bryan Aimee M. , Mansikkamäki Akseli , Vasko Petra , Olmstead Marilyn M. , Tuononen Heikki M. , Grandjean Fernande , Long Gary J. , Power Philip P. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe characterization of the unstable NiII bis(silylamide) Ni{N(SiMe3)2}2 (1), its THF complex Ni{N(SiMe3)2}2(THF) (2), and the stable bis(pyridine) derivative trans‐Ni{N(SiMe3)2}2(py)2 (3), is described. Both 1 and 2 decompose at ca. 25 °C to a tetrameric NiI species, [Ni{N(SiMe3)2}]4 (4), also obtainable from LiN(SiMe3)2 and NiCl2(DME). Experimental and computational data indicate that the instability of 1 is likely due to ease of reduction of NiII to NiI and the stabilization of 4 through dispersion forces.
Direct X‐Ray Scattering Evidence for Metal–Metal Interactions in Solution at the Molecular Level
Authors: Cebollada Andrea , Vellé Alba , Iglesias Manuel , Fullmer Lauren B. , Goberna‐Ferrón Sara , Nyman May , Sanz Miguel Pablo J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe study of the aggregation of small molecules in solution induced by metallophilic interactions has been traditionally performed by spectroscopic methods through identification of chemical changes in the system. Herein we demonstrate the use of SAXS (small‐angle X‐ray scattering) to identify structures in solution, taking advantage of the excellent scattering intensity of heavy metals which have undergone association by metallophilic interactions. An analysis of the close relationship between solid‐state and solution arrangements of a dynamic [Ag2(bisNHC)2]2+ (NHC=N‐heterocyclic carbene) system, and how they are complementary to each other, is reported.
Enzymatic Prenylation and Oxime Ligation for the Synthesis of Stable and Homogeneous Protein–Drug Conjugates for Targeted Therapy
Authors: Lee Joong‐jae , Choi Hyo‐Jung , Yun Misun , Kang YingJin , Jung Ji‐Eun , Ryu Yiseul , Kim Tae Yoon , Cha Young‐je , Cho Hyun‐Soo , Min Jung‐Joon , Chung Chul‐Woong , Kim Hak‐Sung 
Published: September 2015

AbstractTargeted therapy based on protein–drug conjugates has attracted significant attention owing to its high efficacy and low side effects. However, efficient and stable drug conjugation to a protein binder remains a challenge. Herein, a chemoenzymatic method to generate highly stable and homogenous drug conjugates with high efficiency is presented. The approach comprises the insertion of the CaaX sequence at the C‐terminal end of the protein binder, prenylation using farnesyltransferase, and drug conjugation through an oxime ligation reaction. MMAF and an EGFR‐specific repebody are used as the antitumor agent and protein binder, respectively. The method enables the precisely controlled synthesis of repebody–drug conjugates with high yield and homogeneity. The utility of this approach is illustrated by the notable stability of the repebody–drug conjugates in human plasma, negligible off‐target effects, and a remarkable antitumor activity in vivo. The present method can be widely used for generating highly homogeneous and stable PDCs for targeted therapy.
In Situ Electrochemical Synthesis of Oriented and Defect‐Free AEL Molecular‐Sieve Films Using Ionic Liquids
Authors: Yu Tongwen , Chu Wenling , Cai Rui , Liu Yanchun , Yang Weishen 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSimply preparing oriented and defect‐free molecular‐sieve films have been a long‐standing challenge both in academia and industry. Most of the early works focus on the careful and multiple controls of the seeds layer or synthesis conditions. Herein, we report a one‐step in situ electrochemical ionothermal method that combines a controllable electric field with ionic liquids. We demonstrate that an in‐plane oriented and defect‐free AEL (one molecular‐sieve framework type) molecular‐sieve film was obtained using an Al electrode as the Al source. The excellent corrosion‐resistant performance of the film makes this technology promising in multiple applications, such as anti‐corrosion coatings.
Optogenetic Apoptosis: Light‐Triggered Cell Death
Authors: Hughes Robert M. , Freeman David J. , Lamb Kelsey N. , Pollet Rebecca M. , Smith Weston J. , Lawrence David S. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAn optogenetic Bax has been designed that facilitates light‐induced apoptosis. We demonstrate that mitochondrial recruitment of a genetically encoded light‐responsive Bax results in the release of mitochondrial proteins, downstream caspase‐3 cleavage, changes in cellular morphology, and ultimately cell death. Mutagenesis of a key phosphorylatable residue or modification of the C‐terminus mitigates background (dark) levels of apoptosis that result from Bax overexpression. The mechanism of optogenetic Bax‐mediated apoptosis was explored using a series of small molecules known to interfere with various steps in programmed cell death. Optogenetic Bax appears to form a mitochondrial apoptosis‐induced channel analogous to that of endogenous Bax.
Autoresolution of Segregated and Mixed p‐n Stacks by Stereoselective Supramolecular Polymerization in Solution
Authors: Narayan Bhawani , Bejagam Karteek K. , Balasubramanian Sundaram , George Subi J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA “chirality driven self‐sorting” strategy is introduced for the controlled supramolecular organization of donor (D) and acceptor (A) molecules in multicomponent assemblies. The trans‐1,2‐bis(amido)cyclohexane (trans‐BAC) has been identified as a supramolecular motif with strong homochiral recognition to direct this chirality controlled assembly process of enantiomers in solution. Stereoselective supramolecular polymerization of trans‐BAC appended naphthalene diimide monomers (NDIs) has been probed in detail by spectroscopic and mechanistic investigations. This chirality‐driven self‐sorting design of enantiomeric components also offers to realize mixed and segregated D‐A stacks by supramolecular co‐assembly of the NDI acceptors with trans‐BAC appended dialkoxynaphthalene (DAN) donor monomers. Such an unprecedented chirality control on D‐A organization paves the way for the creation of supramolecular p‐n nanostructures with controlled molecular‐level organization.
Kinetic Destabilization of Metal–Metal Single Bonds: Isolation of a Pentacoordinate Manganese(0) Monoradical
Authors: Agnew Douglas W. , Moore Curtis E. , Rheingold Arnold L. , Figueroa Joshua S. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe 17e− monoradical [Mn(CO)5] is widely recognized as an unstable organometallic transient and is known to dimerize rapidly with the formation of a MnMn single bond. As a result of this instability, isolable analogues of [Mn(CO)5] have remained elusive. Herein, we show that two sterically encumbering isocyanide ligands can destabilize the MnMn bond leading to the formation of the isolable, manganese(0) monoradical [Mn(CO)3(CNArDipp2)2] (ArDipp2=2,6‐(2,6‐(iPr)2C6H3)2C6H3). The persistence of [Mn(CO)3(CNArDipp2)2] has allowed for new insights into nitrosoarene spin‐trapping studies of [Mn(CO)5].
Increased Water Reduction Efficiency of Polyelectrolyte‐Bound Trimetallic [Ru,Rh,Ru] Photocatalysts in Air‐Saturated Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Canterbury Theodore R. , Arachchige Shamindri M. , Moore Robert B. , Brewer Karen J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe groundbreaking use of polyelectrolytes to increase the efficiency of supramolecular photocatalysts in solar H2 production schemes under aqueous aerobic conditions is reported. Supramolecular photocatalysts of the architecture [{(TL)2Ru(BL)}2RhX2]5+ (BL=bridging ligand, TL=terminal ligand, X=halide) demonstrate high efficiencies in deoxygenated organic solvents but do not function in air‐saturated aqueous solution because of the quenching of the metal‐to‐ligand charge‐transfer (MLCT) excited state under these conditions. The new photocatalytic system incorporates poly(4‐styrenesulfonate) (PSS) into aqueous solutions containing [{(bpy)2Ru(dpp)}2RhCl2]5+ (bpy=2,2′‐bipyridine, dpp=2,3‐bis(2‐pyridyl)pyrazine). PSS has a profound impact on the photocatalyst efficiency, increasing H2 production over three times that of deoxygenated aqueous solutions alone. H2 photocatalysis proceeds even under aerobic conditions for PSS‐containing solutions, an exciting consequence for solar hydrogen‐production research.