bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interventions targeting social determinants of mental disorders and the Sustainable Development Goals: A systematic review of reviews
Authors: Oswald T. K. , Nguyen M. T. , Mirza L. , Lund C. , Jones H. G. , Crowley G. , Aslanyan D. , Dean K. , Schofield P. , Hotopf M. , Das-Munshi J. 
Published: August 2024

Introduction
Globally, mental disorders account for almost 20% of disease burden and there is growing evidence that mental disorders are associated with various social determinants. Tackling the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs), which address known social determinants of mental disorders, may be an effective way to reduce the global burden of mental disorders.ObjectivesTo examine the evidence base for interventions that seek to improve mental health through targeting the social determinants of mental disorders.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of reviews, using a five-domain conceptual framework which aligns with the UN SDGs (PROSPERO registration: CRD42022361534). PubMed, PsycInfo, and Scopus were searched from 01 January 2012 until 05 October 2022. Citation follow-up and expert consultation were used to identify additional studies. Systematic reviews including interventions seeking to change or improve a social determinant of mental disorders were eligible for inclusion. Study screening, selection, data extraction, and quality appraisal were conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. The AMSTAR-2 was used to assess included reviews and results were narratively synthesised.ResultsOver 20,000 records were screened, and 101 eligible reviews were included. Most reviews were of low, or critically low, quality. Reviews included interventions which targeted sociocultural (n = 31), economic (n = 24), environmental (n = 19), demographic (n = 15), and neighbourhood (n = 8) determinants of mental disorders. Interventions demonstrating the greatest promise for improved mental health from high and moderate quality reviews (n = 37) included: digital and brief advocacy interventions for female survivors of intimate partner violence; cash transfers for people in low-middle-income countries; improved work schedules, parenting programs, and job clubs in the work environment; psychosocial support programs for vulnerable individuals following environmental events; and social and emotional learning programs for school students. Few effective neighbourhood-level interventions were identified.Conclusions
This review presents interventions with the strongest evidence base for the prevention of mental disorders and highlights synergies where addressing the UN SDGs can be beneficial for mental health. A range of issues across the literature were identified, including barriers to conducting randomised controlled trials and lack of follow-up limiting the ability to measure long-term mental health outcomes. Interdisciplinary and novel approaches to intervention design, implementation, and evaluation are required to improve the social circumstances and mental health experienced by individuals, communities, and populations.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Examining the effect of family-based intervention programs used in psychosis on the disease: a systematic review
Authors: Kutlutürk Z. , Aktaş M. C. , Ayhan C. H. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionPsychosis is a complex mental health condition that can have a significant impact on individuals and their families. Family-based intervention programs have been developed to provide support and education to both individuals with psychosis and their families. These programs aim to improve clinical and family outcomes, reduce relapse rates, and enhance the overall well-being of individuals and their families . This study examined the effect of family-based intervention programs used in psychosis on the disease by synthesizing evidence from a systematic review of relevant studies.Family interventions have shown promising results in improving clinical and family outcomes in long-standing psychosis (Sadath et al., 2015). These interventions focus on improving relationships through problem-solving and enhancing the understanding of the illness and its treatment (Kuipers et al., 2010).ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of intervention programs implemented for the families of individuals diagnosed with psychosis on the course of the disease.MethodsThe study was conducted between August and September 2023 in 3 databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Science Direct) using the keywords “psychosis”, “family interventions”, “family in psychosis”. These databases were preferred because they contain a significant amount of evidence-based literature in the field of biomedical sciences and psychology. Studies conducted between 2013 and 2023, whose full texts were accessed and written in Turkish and English were included in the study.ResultsAs of September 2023, 16 national and international research articles on the subject have been reached and the literature review continues. When the literature review is finalized, all study results will be presented together.ConclusionsThis review provides an overview of the effects of intervention programs implemented for the families of individuals diagnosed with psychosis on the course of the disease and solution suggestions. Family-based intervention programs have shown promise in improving clinical and family outcomes in psychosis. These programs focus on enhancing relationships, providing education, and reducing relapse rates. However, the implementation of family interventions in routine clinical services can be challenging due to various barriers. Peer support programs have emerged as a valuable addition to family interventions, providing a supportive environment for families to share their experiences and support one another. Future research should focus on addressing barriers to implementation and further exploring the benefits of peer-driven family support services in early intervention programs for psychosis.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Evaluating the relationship between blood lipids, cardiac risk index, and suicidal behaviors in first-episode psychosis
Authors: Güçlü L. , Şen M. , Balcıoğlu Y. H. , Çelikkıran P. , Kırlıoğlu Balcıoğlu S. S. , Gökçay H. , Karamustafalıoğlu N. , Yeşilkaya Ü. H. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionSchizophrenia patients have demonstrated a high prevalence of suicidal behavior. There isn’t yet a definitive explanation of the neurobiological mechanisms of suicidal behavior (SB) in psychotic patients. While subthreshold indices of dyslipidemia were observed in schizophrenia patients, it has shown that there is a relationship between dyslipidemia and suicidal behavior.ObjectivesThe study aimed to investigate possible associations between SB and lipid profile including cardiovascular biomarkers in first-episode psychosis (FEP) as compared with healthy controls (HC).MethodsThe study sample consisted of 173 subjects (111 male, 62 female). The sample included 31 drug- naïve FEP patients with current SB (FEP+S), 66 drug-naïve FEP patients without SB (FEP-S), and 76 mentally and medically HC subjects. Blood samples were collected from all participants to determine total cholesterol (TC), low- and high-density lipoproteins (LDL and HDL), and triglycerides (TG). Castelli Risk Index-I, Castelli Risk Index-II, and atherogenic index were calculated. Symptoms were assessed by using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used for pairwise comparisons of account of lipid parameters in three groups. A binomial logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the predictive power of lipid profile in the presence of SB in FEP.ResultsThe results of Kruskal-Wallis test revealed that a statistical difference was found in TC and TG between groups. Despite statistical significance was observed in TG between all patient groups (FEP+S and FEP-S) and controls, as well as in TC between FEP-S and controls, there was no significant difference between FEP-S and FEP+S for any lipid parameters or cardiovascular biomarkers. No significant correlation was identified between lipid profile and symptom severity. No significant relationships were able to predict the presence of SB in FEP.ConclusionsIn this study, plasma levels of lipid parameters and biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in all patient groups (FEP+S and FEP-S) and HC were compared. Current results show no linkage between SB and lipid profile, but significantly lower levels of cholesterol in FEP. Therefore, cholesterol might have a protective role in terms of psychosis while CI1, CI2, and AI were not increased in psychosis. Thus, increased cholesterol levels or cardiovascular risk in schizophrenia patients, that several studies found, may ensue after antipsychotic use. Overall, present findings suggest that lipid profile abnormalities are specifically associated with FEP rather than SB. Controversy of results may reveal that research on SB requires an understanding of whether the patient had concomitant psychosis.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
A scoping review of the literature on the prevalence and correlates of anxiety and depression among undergraduate health science students
Authors: Agyapong-Opoku G. , Agyapong B. , Obuobi-Donkor G. , Eboreime E. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionHealth science students in post-secondary institutions experience high levels of depression and anxiety due to increased stress levels, workload, low socioeconomic status, and history of family mental illness, among other factors. Given the significant negative impact that depression and anxiety can have on undergraduate health science students, it is essential to understand the prevalence and correlation of these conditions in this population.ObjectivesThis scoping review aims to identify, document and analyze the literature on the prevalence and determinants of anxiety and depression among undergraduate health sciences students and identify gaps in knowledge for future research.MethodsThe scoping review was planned and executed by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for the Scoping Reviews statement. A comprehensive and systematic search was carried out for five databases, namely MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, CINAHL and PubMed.ResultsFrom the literature identified by our search strategy, the lowest prevalence for anxiety was 5.8%, and the highest was 82.6%, with a median of 44.25%. The prevalence of depression ranged from a high of 88.8% to a low of 2.1%, with a median value of 34.8%. Our analysis revealed that correlates of anxiety and depression among health science students include sociodemographic factors such as age, sex, gender, relationships, ethnicity and family history, personal health conditions, and academic and socioeconomic issues.Image:ConclusionsWith the high incidence of anxiety and depression among health science students, there is an increasing need to find practical remedies to support these students. It is also essential for policymakers and university authorities to implement interventions such as supportive text messages and other strategies geared toward providing support and improving the psychological well-being of health science students.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
A comparative study of psychological factors in Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) with and without HIV
Authors: Sgoura K. E. , Papadopoulou A. , Efstathiou V. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionAs a result of the notable progress in HIV / AIDS prevention and treatment globally, the HIV epidemic is considered controlled to the extent that individuals living with HIV manage to have a similar life expectancy to HIV-negative individuals and a good level of health. However, the “epidemic” related to the stigma of HIV-positive individuals, particularly of Men who have Sex with Men (MSM), still remains an issue, while it has been associated with a profound negative impact on individuals’ mental health.ObjectivesThe present study aimed to compare anxiety, depression, social support, loneliness, and psychological resilience between MSM with and without HIV. Furthermore, the study investigated the correlates of HIV related stigma in MSM with HIV.MethodsThe sample of the study comprised a total of 139 adult MSM. According to their self-report 84 individuals were HIV-negative (age in years: M = 24.58, SD = 5.55), while the remaining 55 individuals were HIV-positive (age in years: M = 38.99, SD = 10.95). Furthermore, the majority of individuals in both groups reported Greek nationality. Participants completed a questionnaire on socio-demographic characteristics, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale to assess anxiety and depression, the UCLA Loneliness Scale to measure loneliness, the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) to evaluate psychological resilience, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) to assess social support. HIV-positive individuals additionally completed the HIV Stigma Scale-Brief Version, a brief scale measuring social stigma related to HIV.ResultsAccording to the findings, MSM with and without HIV did not differ in anxiety (p = 0.908), depression (p = 0.904), social support (p = 0.657), loneliness (p = 0.086), and psychological resilience (p = 0.600). Furthermore, it emerged that among HIV-positive MSM, stigma was positively associated with anxiety (r = 0.479, p < 0.001), depression (r = 0.479, p < 0.001), and loneliness (r = 0.532, p = 0.001), while the correlation was negative with social support (r = -0.456, p < 0.001) and resilience (r = -0.400, p < 0.003). No significant association was found between stigma and age in HIV-positive individuals (r = 0.099, p = 0.474).ConclusionsIn conclusion, the findings of this study identified possible risk factors as well as protective factors for the mental health of HIV-positive MSM. As long as stigma associated with HIV continues to be a risk factor for the development of psychosocial problems in those living with HIV, it is advisable for both policymakers and the research community to take more proactive steps in order to offer the necessary support and attention to those who are living with HIV and experiencing multiple forms of stigma.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
I smell something weird - Ictal olfactory hallucinations in patients with primary brain tumors
Authors: Mousinho M. , Antão D. , Soares A. , Pimentel T. , Salgado D. , Fernandes M. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionIctal olfactory hallucinations (the experience of a smell due to a focal seizure in the absence of an environmental stimulus for the sensation) are rare. They often appear in a context of a brain tumor located in the orbitofrontal or mesotemporal region. However, their accurate prevalence, etiology and anatomical origin remains unclear, as few studies focused on this type of seizures specifically.ObjectivesTo evaluate the clinical, neurophysiological and imaging characteristics of patients with brain tumors and olfactory seizures.MethodsWe present a 3-year retrospective patient record study carried out at the Portuguese Institute of Oncology in Lisbon. Clinical records of 572 patients admitted due to a primary Central Nervous System (CNS) tumor, for their first neuro-oncology appointment, between July 2020 and July 2023, were reviewed.Results8 patients with olfactory seizures were identified. Five were men. The mean age was 57.75 (ages between 15 and 70 years old). In seven patients, olfactory seizures constituted the initial clinical presentation of the tumor. In two patients, focal olfactory seizures had progression to bilateral tonic clonic. Most seizures were perceived as unpleasant (smells of metal, ammonia, “hot blood”, “dead bodies” were described). Tumors involved the temporal lobe in all patients, the insula in two of them and, for the majority, the lesion was right-sided. Six patients were diagnosed with Glioblastoma IDH wildtype (Grade 4, WHO), one patient with Oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutated and 1p/19q-codeleted (Grade 2, WHO) and the pediatric patient with a diffuse pediatric type high-grade glioma, H3 and IDH wildtype. The average follow-up time was 6.8 months, two patients died.ConclusionsThis is the first retrospective study carried out in Portugal that documents the prevalence of olfactory seizures in patients with primary CNS tumors. Given the scarce literary evidence, we consider that olfactory seizures may be more frequent than documented, particularly in the presentation of brain tumors. As so, active semiological investigation may contribute to an earlier diagnosis.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Youth mental health resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic: A critical review
Authors: Irnat S. , Boukhorb S. , Hmimou S. , Anssoufouddine M. , Soulaymani A. , Abdalli Mari M. , Mokhtari A. , Hami H. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on mental health worldwide because of complex societal disruptions and neuropsychiatric consequences stemming from SARS-CoV-2 infection. All age groups have been affected by this pandemic, with particular focus on the vulnerabilities faced by children and adolescents who have experienced multiple stressors. These stressors involve various emotional, physiological, and behavioral challenges stemming from different factors, such as mandatory social distancing due to school closures, increased parental stress caused by the incessant spread of the pandemic, severe trauma from losing family members, a surge in cyberbullying linked to higher online activity, and a worrying rise in unreported incidents of child abuse. Empirical reports document an increase in suicidal tendencies and suicide attempts among adolescents during this crisis.ObjectivesThis study conducted a comprehensive review of existing literature focused on the mental health of individuals aged 0-24 years in both pre-pandemic and pandemic eras. This study conducted comparative analyses to identify significant changes.MethodsAdhering strictly to the PRISMA guidelines, we conducted comprehensive searches on Google Scholar and PubMed to identify peer-reviewed articles published in English.ResultsMost studies revealed deteriorating mental health conditions among adolescents and young adults following pandemic onset. These conditions were characterized by high rates of depression, anxiety, and psychological distress. Furthermore, several studies have identified a notable increase in negative emotions and heightened feelings of loneliness. Primary school children experienced a decline in attention span, emotional regulation, hyperactivity, and enthusiasm for academic engagement.ConclusionsBased on the analysis of data from both the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods, it is evident that the COVID-19 pandemic had a detrimental impact on the mental well-being of children and young individuals. Therefore, it is crucial to identify the risk factors and protective measures linked with pandemics to enhance mental health resilience and better equip societies to cope with future health emergencies and other crises.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii IgG Antibodies in Psychiatric Patients from Western Romania
Authors: Grada S. , Lupu M. A. , Oatis D. A. , Mihu A. G. , Olariu T. R. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionToxoplasma gondii, a ubiquitous protozoan parasite, has been previously associated with psychiatric disorders.ObjectivesTo assess the prevalence of IgG antibodies against T. gondii in psychiatric patients from Western Romania.MethodsWe included 464 psychiatric patients admitted to the Psychiatric Clinic, County Emergency Hospital of Arad, Western Romania. Clinical evaluation and laboratory tests were conducted in these patients, including serological tests to determine the presence of T. gondii IgG antibodies.ResultsOf the 464 psychiatric patients, 258 (55.5%) were residing in rural areas and 245 (52.7%) were female. T. gondii IgG antibodies were demonstrated in 325 (70.04%) of 464 study participants and the seroprevalence tended to increase with age.A significant higher T. gondii IgG seroprevalence was found in psychiatric patients aged between 40 to 59 years (p<0.001) and in patients aged ≥60 years (p=0.001) compared to patients aged 19 to 39 years. A higher T. gondii IgG seroprevalence was determined in psychiatric patients residing in rural areas compared to those residing in urban areas (p=0.04). T. gondii IgG seroprevalence was higher in females compared to males (p=0.04).Assessment of seroprevalence by diagnostic revealed that T. gondii IgG antibodies were identified in 23 (85.19%) of 27 patients with delusional disorders, 24 (82.76%) of 29 with dementia, 51 (70.83%) of 72 with organic disorders, 75 (70.75%) of 106 with schizophrenia, 81 (70.43%) of 115 patients with depression, 17 (62.96%) of 27 with bipolar disorders, 27 (58.7%) of 46 with mood disorders and 7 (53.85%) of 13 with impulsive-control disorders.ConclusionsThe presence of T. gondii antibodies was demonstrated in a significant number of patients who attended the Psychiatric Clinic in Arad County, Western Romania. Results of this study suggest that T. gondii may be associated with several psychiatric disorders.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Analysis of drug-drug interactions in spontaneous adverse drug reaction reports from EudraVigilance focusing on psychiatric drugs and somatic medication
Authors: Dubrall D. , Weber R. , Boehme M. , Schmid M. , Sachs B. , Scholl C. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionPatients with severe mental illnesses (SMI) are often exposed to polymedication. Additionally, the risk of somatic diseases is twice as high in patients with SMI as in individuals without a psychiatric disorder. Furthermore, drug–drug interactions (DDI) between psychiatric drugs and somatic medications are a well-known cause of adverse drug reactions (ADR).ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to analyse whether already known DDI related to psychiatric drugs and somatic medication still occur in everyday clinical practice.MethodsTherefore we identified all spontaneous ADR reports contained in the European ADR database EudraVigilance from Germany received between 01/2017 and 12/2021 reported for patients older than 17 years in which antidepressants, antipsychotics and mood stabilizers were reported as suspected/interacting (n= 9,665). ADR reports referring to intentional overdoses and suicide attempts were excluded (n= 9,276 left). We used the ABDATA drug information system in order to identify all potential DDI (pDDI). The identified reports with pDDI were then assessed individually to determine whether the respective DDI occurred.Results
1,271 reports with 728 potentially interacting drugs pairs related to psychiatric drugs and somatic medications with 2,655 pDDI were found. Restricted to potentially interacting drug pairs with more than 10 reports, (i) hyponatremias related to antidepressants and diuretics (n= 362, 32.6%), (ii) bleeding events related to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) and platelet aggregation inhibitors, anticoagulants or non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID) (n= 295, 17.5%), and (iii) increased beta-blocker effects related to SSRIs and beta-blockers (n= 126, 11.3%) were the most frequently identified pDDI. After individual case assessment, in 33.3% (14/42), 23.7% (45/190) and 17.4% (8/46) of the reports bleeding events related to SSRIs and anticoagulants, SSRIs and platelet aggregation inhibitors and SSRIs and NSAIDs were reported. Hyponatremia was reported in 7.6% (22/289) of the reports related to antidepressants and diuretics and increased beta-blocker effects in 6.9% (8/116) of the reports related to SSRIs and beta-blockers.ConclusionsAccording to our analysis, well-known DDI still occur in the treatment of psychiatric patients with psychiatric drugs and somatic medication. Whenever possible, alternative drug combinations with a lower potential of DDIs may be considered or appropriate monitoring measures should be conducted.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared