bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of fennel and dimethicone capsule effects on flatulence rate after cesarean section: A double-blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Jourshari Marzieh Shahbandari , Rezasoltani Parvaneh , Nazari Mojgan , Maroufizadeh Saman , Aski Soudabeh Kazemi , Qobadighadikolaei Roja , Yousefbeyk Fatemeh 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:
Flatulence is one of the gastrointestinal complaints after a cesarean section (C-section). A host of treatments have been used to reduce this symptom in hospitals, and most of them are based on chemical drugs. It is considered that herbal drugs may have fewer side effects than chemical drugs, and it seems that fennel can reduce flatulence through stimulation of bowel movements. This study compared the efficacy of fennel and dimethicone capsules on the flatulence rate in post-cesarean birth women.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This study was a parallel double-blind randomized controlled trial, conducted in a teaching hospital. Eligible women who underwent a C-section and had the sensation of flatulence were randomly block allocated to the fennel and dimethicone groups (1:1). Each group received drugs every 6 hours for four doses after restarting oral feeding. Flatulence rate was the main variable measured before and one hour after taking each dose by the visual analog scale (VAS). Data were analyzed by statistical tests including repeated-measures analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) based on the intention-to-treat method in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0.

RESULTS:
The dimethicone group showed a significant reduction in flatulence (F (7,245) =198.5, P < 0.001, η2
p = 0.850). The same trend was also obtained for the fennel group (F (7,266) =215.0, P < 0.001, η2
p = 0.849). However, there was no difference between groups on the flatulence level after adjusting for the baseline level of flatulence (F (1,72) =0.27, P = 0.607, η2
p = 0.004). The same result was also obtained one hour after taking capsule 4 (F (1,72) =0.63, P = 0.430, η2
p = 0.009).

CONCLUSION:
Both fennel and dimethicone capsules can reduce flatulence rate after C-section, although there was no significant difference among them.
The prevalence of the risk factors associated with cardiovascular diseases among Iranian adults: Findings of a cross-sectional study
Authors: Saber Fatemeh , Ezadbakhsh Nasrin , Tarrahi Mohammad J. 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:
Cardiovascular diseases are among the leading causes of death worldwide. Lack of accurate estimation of the risk factors associated with these diseases can impair the designing of effective interventions in this field; the present study aimed to investigate the risk factors attributable to cardiovascular diseases in males and females visiting comprehensive health service centers in 2018.

MATERIAL AND METHOD:
This cross-sectional study is part of the national health transformation plan shaped in response to the emerging epidemic of noncommunicable diseases. In the present study, 6,331 participants aged 30 years and older were randomly and census selected from comprehensive urban and rural health service centers in Naein County, in Isfahan, Iran, respectively. The data were collected using the electronic health record from the IraPEN program in two sections: demographic information and the prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors. They were then analyzed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 24 software using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, one-way ANOVA, and logistic regression.

RESULTS:
The participants’ mean age was 55.09 ± 16.11 years. The main risk factor was insufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables while smoking was a negligible risk factor. Low physical activity, diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and high body mass index were more prevalent in females than in males, whereas smoking was more frequently reported in males (P < 0.001). Risk factors such as age, gender, education level, place of residence, and marital status, played a significant role in determining CVD risk factors.

DISCUSSION:
More than half of Iranian adults had one or older cardiovascular disease-related risk factors, and the prevalence of such factors was higher in females than in males. Given the importance of gender differences in cardiovascular disease-related health habits, it is necessary to reduce the majority of these diseases in society, especially in women, by controlling modifiable risk factors.
Using the ecological approach to explain risk factors of elder abuse in Iran (A qualitative study)
Authors: Andani Maryam Rahmati , Zamani Fereshteh , Rahimi Majid , Mansourian Marjan , Mostafavi Firoozeh 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:
World Health Organization suggests that different societies should investigate the causes of abuse in their culture.

AIMS:
This study was conducted to investigate the risk factors of elder abuse in Iran using an ecological approach.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This is a qualitative study, and the participants were older adults and caregivers. The data were collected using 66 interviews. Analysis of data was simultaneously performed with data collection, using MAXQDA 10, and results were reported based on Elo’s recommendation.

RESULTS:
Five main categories of data analysis were obtained based on Bronfenbrenner’s model: exo-system: conflict of care with caregivers’ jobs, meso-system: failure to meet expectations of support systems, macro-system: social culture, socioeconomic structure, status of enactment, and implementation of legal and financial laws.

CONCLUSIONS:
This study showed risk factors of elder abuse in the sociocultural context of Iran, and its results can be used for health promotion interventions.
Instances of unethical performance of academic faculty members in conducting and publishing research works
Authors: Samouei Rahele , Meshkineh Narges , Mojiri Shahin 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:
Today, compliance with ethical principles and standards has become a concern of research ethics committees more than in the past, and the informed society is more demanding of researchers’ considerations and adherence. In this regard, a survey was conducted with the aim of determining instances of unethical behavior of faculty members in conducting and publishing research works.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This study was performed cross-sectional with 100 faculty members answering in the form of systematic random sampling from the scientific measurement system of the Ministry of Health of Iran in August 2023 and testing using a checklist containing 32 examples of unethical research behavior. The data were reported using descriptive statistics and analytical methods such as Student’s t-test and analysis of variance.

RESULTS:
The findings of this study showed some instances of unethical practice in the field of research by the respondents, including submitting the article instead of the corresponding author, adding a guest author in the article, mentioning untrue affiliation, not observing the conflict of interest, conducting judgment with connivance, overlapping publications, manipulation of results, and other cases according to the findings of the text of the article, which was reported in professors of the master’s degree with a higher average (0.001, 7.12), but according to the gender and academic rank of the respondents, no significant difference was observed in the averages.

CONCLUSION:
The findings of this study show some clear instances of unethical practices in the field of research among faculty members and academic groups, and it requires targeted planning and more seriousness to investigate and manage its causes. The results of the study can be used for scientific groups and individuals who are directly and indirectly affected by the research results and researchers’ performance.
Psychological distress and coping skills used by individuals in the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Bazrafshan Mohammad-Rafi , Bargrizaneh Farshad , Sarvi Fatemeh , Parviniannasab Ali Mohammad , Niknam Noureddin , Soufi Omid , Delam Hamed 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:
Psychological distress, as a key indicator, describes a person’s emotional problems and psychological reactions to adapt to the environment. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between psychological distress and coping strategies used by individuals during the crisis caused by COVID-19.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The current research is an analytical cross-sectional study that was designed in 2021. The sampling area included the three cities of Lar, Gerash, and Evaz in the south of Fars province in the south of Iran. The study population was the residents of these three cities during the COVID-19 pandemic. The final sample size in the present study was 384 people. Individuals were selected through available sampling. By answering questions from the self-assessment system of COVID-19 disease, the Ministry of Health and Medical Education filled out the necessary information for individual screening and registration of the symptoms of COVID-19 disease. Then, they completed the Coping Methods Questionnaire and the Psychological Distress Questionnaire.

RESULTS:
The mean age of the participants was 40.90 years. One hundred sixty-seven (43.5%) participants were male, and 217 (56.5%) were female. The mean score of problem-oriented coping style was significantly different between the levels of education (P = 0.001). The mean score of problem-solving coping style for the participants suspected of being infected with COVID-19 was 6.18 scores lower than others, and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.001). Multiple regression with a forward selection also showed that among the studied variables, age, problem-oriented, and emotion-oriented coping strategies were important variables affecting mental distress.

CONCLUSION:
People who were not suspected of having COVID-19 symptoms had a higher mean problem-oriented coping score than those who were suspected of having COVID-19. Therefore, early identification of suspects and the implementation of counseling and training programs can be very effective.
Evaluation of an acceptance and commitment therapy with religious content to control obsessive-compulsive disorder, dysfunctional beliefs, feeling guilty, scrupulosity, and thought control among Muslims in Iran
Authors: Dehaghi Ashraf Akbari , Dolatshahi Behrooz , Taremian Farhad , Pourshahbaz Abbas , Ansar Hasan 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:
The present study aimed to develop an integrated protocol by combining religious content and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and evaluate its effectiveness in controlling obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), dysfunctional beliefs, feeling guilt, scrupulosity, and thought control among Muslims in Tehran, Iran.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
An exploratory mixed-method research design was applied in this study. In the qualitative stage, the document analysis method was used to extract components related to ACT with religious content. Also, the content and face validity of the intervention were confirmed by experts. Subsequently, a semi-experimental, pretest–posttest, control-group design was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the adapted protocol with a 3-month follow-up. In the quantitative stage, the inclusion criteria were meeting the diagnostic criteria for OCD based on the diagnostic interview of a psychiatrist, having religious purity/impurity obsessions, not receiving minimum psychological treatment for at least one month before entering the study, religious commitment; minimum age of 18 years and maximum age of 50 years; and having at least a high school diploma. The exclusion criteria from the research were as follows: age over 50 years; educational level of less than a high school diploma; having a personality disorder; receiving other treatments, inability to participate in sessions; and being introduced by a family member. The experimental and control groups participated in 25 individual treatment sessions based on the adapted protocol and 8 conventional ACT sessions.

RESULTS:
According to the results, the effectiveness of the religion-adapted ACT intervention on the severity of obsession and dysfunctional religious beliefs was higher in patients with OCD compared to the control group in the posttest.

CONCLUSION:
The present study showed that adding religious components to the ACT protocol can increase its effectiveness in reducing the severity of purity/impurity obsessions compared to the conventional ACT in the Muslim Iranian population.
Developing and validating of educational-therapeutic package based on psychological flexibility for nurses in the intensive care unit of COVID-19: Application of grounded theory
Authors: Ebrahimi Amrollah , Khorasani Parvaneh , Andalib Sima , Ahmadi Mahnaz , Mousavi Sayed Mohammad Hossain 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:
Caring for COVID-19 patients has caused high stress and burnses. Therefore, the current research aims to develop and validate an educational-therapeutic package based on psychological flexibility for COVID-19 nurses.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The approach of this research was Exploratory Sequential Mixed Method, which was carried out in 2019 to 2021. In the qualitative phase, to identify the paradigm model of the research, the grounded theory of the Strauss and Corbin model, purposeful sampling, and in-depth semi-structured interviews with 12 nurses were used. Goba and Lincoln’s criteria were used to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the data. In the quantitative phase, based on the Paradarim model, a training package according to psychological flexibility was developed with the approval of 10 experts from the fields of medical, psychology and nursing education.

RESULTS:
The qualitative analysis of the data obtained from the interviews led to the identification of 29 primary concept codes, 8 subcategories, and 3 categories in the conceptual format of context, process, and consequence. The categories included “psychological insecurity in the workplace,” “strategic immunization in facing special conditions,” and “safe communication.” “Psychologically safe exposure” was identified as the central category. In several stages, based on the findings of the qualitative stage, the educational-therapeutic package was compiled. The validity of the package was confirmed by calculating two relative coefficients of content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) equal to 0.91 and 0.85, respectively.

CONCLUSION:
This research led to the development of an educational-therapeutic package of safe psychological exposure for nurses, which can be used by managers and nurse educators through in-service training courses. Therefore, it is suggested to use training and safe coping strategies to improve the quality of life in nurses.
Diagnostic accuracy of cerebroplacental ratio in anticipating adverse perinatal outcome in uncomplicated appropriate for gestational age pregnancies at term
Authors: Maity Abhijan , Sonawane Bhawana , Deshpande Anagha , Bhutada Sunita 
Published: July 2024

Introduction:
Anticipating which babies are in danger of experiencing poor outcomes during the perinatal period in uncomplicated appropriate for gestational age (AGA) pregnancies at term is difficult in obstetric practice. Cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) is emerging as a significant indicator of negative perinatal results. The current study sought to establish how effective CPR is in predicting negative perinatal outcomes in term uncomplicated AGA pregnancies.

Materials and Methods:
This study was a hospital-based prospective observational cohort study conducted at a single center. Patients were chosen depending on different criteria for inclusion and exclusion. A prenatal ultrasound with a color Doppler scan was carried out to calculate CPR. Patients were grouped according to their last CPR measurement before delivery into either normal CPR or pathological CPR categories. Doppler results did not impact clinical decisions and delivery followed institutional protocols. After childbirth, data on the outcome of the perinatal period were obtained from the patients’ medical records. Negative perinatal outcomes were assessed through the delivery method, APGAR score, perinatal morbidity, and perinatal mortality. These outcomes were correlated with CPR.

Results:
The research included 605 women, separated into normal and pathological CPR groups. Of these, 153 (25.3%) were classified in the pathological CPR category, whereas 452 (74.7%) exhibited normal CPR. In our study, there were 138 patients who experienced adverse perinatal outcomes in the pathological CPR group, whereas 44 patients had such outcomes in the normal CPR group. The diagnostic accuracy of pathological CPR to predict any negative perinatal result was 90.25%.

Conclusions:
CPR shows potential in detecting fetuses at risk in full-term uncomplicated AGA pregnancies.
Comparing the effect of warmwater footbath with effleurage and petrissage massages on fatigue of patients undergoing hemodialysis
Authors: Afrasiabifar Ardashir , Hamzhiekia Shekoofeh , Mohammadhossini Sima , Mosavi Asadolah 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Few comparative studies have been carried out into the effects of nonpharmacological interventions on reducing fatigue in hemodialysis patients. This study compared the effect of warm footbath with effleurage and petrissage massages on fatigue in hemodialysis patients.

Materials and Methods:
Seventy patients undergoing hemodialysis referring to two dialysis centers in 2016 were included in this clinical trial study. However, 62 hemodialysis patients finally completed the study. The patients were selected through a nonrandom sampling method, but were later assigned to one of the three groups of warmwater footbath, effleurage, and petrissage massages based on randomized blocked allocation. Using a multidimensional inventory, fatigue was assessed before the commencement of the interventions, at the end of the first and the 2nd month of the interventions. The data were analyzed using statistical software of SPSS, version 25, through descriptive statistics by running median and Friedman tests with considering 95% confidence interval.

Results:
Warmwater footbath, effleurage, and petrissage resulted in a significant reduction or improvement in global fatigue and types of fatigue of patients undergoing hemodialysis at the end of the first and 2nd month of the interventions (P = 0.001). The results of the between-groups comparison showed that there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in fatigue reduction among the three groups of warmwater footbath, effleurage, and petrissage massages in terms of the median index of fatigue scores.

Conclusion:
Warmwater footbath, effleurage, and petrissage massages have similar positive effects on fatigue in patients undergoing hemodialysis.
The impact of preoperative frailty on perioperative neurocognitive disorders in elderly patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhao Shan , Wang Bei , Liu Meinv , Yu Dongdong , Li Jianli 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PNDs) were the most common complication in elderly patients undergoing surgery. Early identification of risk factors for PNDs and implementation of preventive measures were critical to improve prognosis. We performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the impact of preoperative frailty on PNDs in elderly surgical patients.

Materials and Methods:
Systematic searches were performed in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. A fixed-effect model in RevMan5.3 software was conducted due to the low heterogeneity. The potential risk bias was assessed through Funnel plot and Egger’s test. Sensitivity analysis was used to examine the robustness of the outcomes.

Results:
Sixteen cohort studies enrolling 4805 elderly patients were qualified for meta-analysis. Pooled results showed that preoperative frailty was linked to the development of PNDs (pooled odds ratio [OR]: 2.40, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.05–2.80, P < 0.001) without obvious heterogeneity (P = 0.19, I
2 = 22%). Subgroup analyses revealed that the correlation between preoperative frailty and PNDs was more remarkable in prospective cohort studies (OR: 3.11, 95% CI: 2.47–3.91, P < 0.001) compared to retrospective cohort studies (OR: 1.94, 95% CI: 1.57–2.39, P < 0.001; test for subgroup difference, P = 0.003). In addition, the correlation in patients with cardiac surgery (OR: 3.38, 95% CI: 2.44–4.68, P < 0.001) was more noticeable than noncardiac surgery (OR: 2.17, 95% CI: 1.82–2.59, P < 0.001; test for subgroup difference P = 0.02).

Conclusion:
Our results demonstrated that preoperative frailty was independently associated with PNDs in geriatric patients undergoing elective surgery.
Exercise preconditioning alleviates ischemia-induced memory deficits by increasing circulating adiponectin
Authors: Zheng Meifeng , Zhang Borui , Yau Sonata S Y , So Kwok-Fai , Zhang Li , Ou Haining 
Published: July 2024

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202505000-00027/figure1/v/2024-07-28T173839Z/r/image-tiffCerebral ischemia is a major health risk that requires preventive approaches in addition to drug therapy. Physical exercise enhances neurogenesis and synaptogenesis, and has been widely used for functional rehabilitation after stroke. In this study, we determined whether exercise training before disease onset can alleviate the severity of cerebral ischemia. We also examined the role of exercise-induced circulating factors in these effects. Adult mice were subjected to 14 days of treadmill exercise training before surgery for middle cerebral artery occlusion. We found that this exercise pre-conditioning strategy effectively attenuated brain infarct area, inhibited gliogenesis, protected synaptic proteins, and improved novel object and spatial memory function. Further analysis showed that circulating adiponectin plays a critical role in these preventive effects of exercise. Agonist activation of adiponectin receptors by AdipoRon mimicked the effects of exercise, while inhibiting receptor activation abolished the exercise effects. In summary, our results suggest a crucial role of circulating adiponectin in the effects of exercise pre-conditioning in protecting against cerebral ischemia and supporting the health benefits of exercise.