bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adding value through new public leadership
Authors: Reid Linda 
Published: November 2014

Purpose–The purpose of this paper is to report on doctoral research that is addressing how strategic partnerships are rethinking their approach to tackling domestic abuse in Manchester, UK, and creating a new Public Service Reform Commissioning Framework, involving a significant programme of collaboration across sectors, including local authorities, Greater Manchester Police, the Office of the Police and Crime Commissioner and voluntary not-for-profit agencies.Design/methodology/approach– The methodological approach is a case study strategy (Yin, 1994). It is mainly qualitative, with multi-method data collection and analysis. The paper is a commentary on the research, rather than a research paper.Findings– The paper explores the extent to which an innovative new public leadership approach (Brookes and Grint, 2010) to the strategy and governance framework has been adopted, and whether the partnership is succeeding in creating create public value (Moore, 1995). It will discuss how a more collaborative approach based on a community model can add greater engagement across the sectors.Originality/value– Although there is a substantial body of literature about domestic abuse, there is an absence of research from a business and management perspective. The literature review identified that there is little about leadership approaches in tackling domestic abuse, or analysis of partnership approaches from a business and management perspective.
Four blind alleys of scenario analysis
Authors: Harris Gerald 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
– Some scenario projects, especially those that take short cuts, have design flaws that undermine the whole purpose of scenario analysis. This article aims to investigate these.

Design/methodology/approach
– This article is a guide to avoiding four common project flaws.

Findings
– Selecting one desired future and using scenario analysis to promote it to the exclusion of other possibilities is not a wise approach.

Practical implications
– Scenarios that ignore the likelihood of serious competition from fledgling startups, market invaders from other industries, or even the possibility of several companies combining to gain the competencies needed to be a threat, are not addressing the future’s full spectrum of competitive uncertainty.

Originality/value
– By becoming aware of the four “blind alleys” of scenario analysis warned about in this article, practitioners are more likely to use this planning tool effectively to scope out the true outlines of uncertainty or the fallout from discontinuity and prepare their firm to cope with new realities.
Boldly leading with a dual operating network – John Kotter addresses some likely practitioner concerns
Authors: Leavy Brian 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
– This interview aims to illuminate some of the implementation issues inherent in a new conceptual approach to managing change offered by John P. Kotter. His very promising and compelling idea is a dual operating system, comprised of a traditional management-driven hierarchy focused on delivering day-to-day performance and a strategic accelerator network focused on innovation and agility.

Design/methodology/approach
– Kotter, a noted change management expert and Harvard professor emeritus, is questioned about his dual operating system concept by veteran strategist and author Brian Leavy.

Findings
– Looking back, at some stage in almost every corporate history, network and hierarchy will be found to have co-existed symbiotically for some period of time before the traditional tendency for the hierarchy to dominate eventually took over. In effect, the network half of the dual operating system mimics “successful enterprises in their entrepreneurial phase,” where initiatives and sub-initiatives typically “coalesce and disband as needed.”

Practical implications
– Kotter’s fieldwork has found that in even the most un-entrepreneurial organizations, there is 5 percent of the workforce that has the energy and desire, if organized correctly, to be an entrepreneurial force.

Originality/value
– By asking Kotter some hard questions about implementation, the interview provides executives with a fuller view about how a dual operating system would address change management in their firm.
Fine root morphology is phylogenetically structured, but nitrogen is related to the plant economics spectrum in temperate trees
Authors: Valverde‐Barrantes Oscar J. , Smemo Kurt A. , Blackwood Christopher B. 
Published: December 2014

Summary

Plant functional traits have revealed trade‐offs related to life‐history adaptations, geographical distributions, and ecosystem processes. Fine roots are essential in plant resource acquisition and play an important role in soil carbon cycling. Nonetheless, root trait variation is still poorly quantified and rarely related to the rest of the plant.

We examined chemical and morphological traits of 34 temperate arbuscular mycorrhizal tree species, representing three main angiosperm clades (super‐orders asterid, magnoliid and rosid). We tested to what extent fine root chemical and morphological traits were correlated similarly to the leaf economical spectrum (LES) or were structured by ancestral affiliations among species.

Root traits did not display the same trade‐offs as leaves (e.g. specific root length was not correlated with root N, whereas specific leaf area was correlated with leaf N). Moreover, 75% of below‐ground traits were phylogenetically structured according to Pagel's λ and Abouheif's Cmean autocorrelation tests, as opposed to 28% of above‐ground traits. Magnoliids showed thicker, less branched roots than asterids or rosids, but rosid roots exhibited lower N and higher non‐acid‐hydrolysable (e.g. lignin) content than other species. In contrast, leaf traits did not differ significantly among super‐orders. At the whole‐tree level, chemical traits such as nitrogen tissue content and lignin content were correlated between above and below‐ground organs.

The distribution of root traits in woody temperate trees was better explained by shared ancestry than by the nutrient content and structural trade‐offs expected by the LES hypothesis. Root chemistry and morphology differed substantially among species belonging to different super‐orders, suggesting deep divergences in resource acquisition strategies among major angiosperm groups. Although we found partial support for the idea of whole‐plant integration based on corresponding nitrogen content across all organs (i.e. a plant economics spectrum), our study stresses phylogenetic affiliation as the primary driver of root trait distributions among angiosperms, a pattern that could be easily overlooked based solely on above‐ground observations.
Phylogeography of Arabis serrata (Brassicaceae) in the Japanese Archipelago based on chloroplast DNA variations
Authors: Kizawa Ayumi , Maki Masayuki 
Published: November 2014

AbstractArabis serrata (Brassicaceae), a perennial plant widely distributed along the Japanese Archipelago, occurs in various habitats: for example, limestone zones, serpentine barrens, volcanic soils, and roadsides. It likely survived by adapting to its surrounding environment, resulting in great morphological and ecological variation. In this study, we performed a phylogeographic analysis to examine past changes in the distribution of A. serrata following climate oscillations during the Pleistocene. To cover most of A. serrata's range, leaves were collected from eight to ten individuals randomly selected from each of 37 populations in the Japanese Archipelago. Two chloroplast noncoding regions of the samples were amplified and sequenced: trnT(GGU)‐psbD and trnH(GUG)‐psbA spacers. Twenty‐five haplotypes were detected and distinguished by 31 substitutions. Four main haplotypes were observed in many populations distributed throughout the Japanese Archipelago. According to the genetic boundaries detected using the Monmonier algorithm, A. serrata is clustered into four groups, each including several populations: Hokkaido Island, northern mainland Honshu, central Japan, and western Japan. The boundaries, however, were not robust because all genetic parameters did not support the differentiation among groups. These results indicate the absence of an obvious geographic structure in the distribution of A. serrata, suggesting that this species has experienced a rapid range expansion in postglacial times.
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Quantification of Bovine Interleukin‐8 to Study Infection and Immunity in the Female Genital Tract
Authors: Cronin James G. , Hodges Rebecca , Pedersen Sara , Sheldon Iain M. 
Published: November 2014

ProblemThe chemokine IL‐8 recruits neutrophils to sites of infection, including the endometrium of the bovine uterus. However, quantification of bovine IL‐8 often yields lower concentrations than for other species, which may reflect impaired innate immune responses by bovine cells or inaccurate measurement of IL‐8 using the current human IL‐8 ELISA method.Method of StudyAn ELISA was developed and validated for detection of bovine IL‐8. Utility of the assay was tested by measuring the response of bovine endometrium and cells to bacteria and pathogen‐associated molecular patterns.ResultsThe developed ELISA detected 62.5–2000 pg/mL IL‐8, with minimal cross‐reactivity to other inflammatory mediators. Concentrations of bovine IL‐8 were measured more accurately by the bovine than human IL‐8 ELISA. Bovine endometrial IL‐8 responses to pathogen‐associated molecules were quantitatively similar to other species.ConclusionA bovine‐specific IL‐8 ELISA was developed, which accurately measured IL‐8 secretion from endometrial cells.
Eating the Food of the Gods: Interpretive Dilemmas in Anthropological Analysis
Authors: Toulson Ruth E. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryIn critical opposition to the pathologizing processes of psychiatric diagnosis, anthropologists have interpreted the actions of individuals in psychological pain as forms of resistance. However, I suggest that such analyses often presume rather than trace the connection between the unsettled psyche and social life, in a manner that mirrors the dehumanization of biomedical categorization. In this article I examine events at a temple inSingapore where, in an act others regarded as deeply concerning, a woman climbed over the altar and ate the food left for the gods. My initial analytic strategy was to interpret her actions as a form of taciturn rebellion, as a commentary on the realities of life within a patriarchal family and under an authoritarian state. However, an experience from my own life prompted me to reconsider this reading and to interrogate the ways in which her experience was elided by my original analysis.
Captain John Smith's Indian “Maskarado”
Authors: Huber Margaret Williamson 
Published: December 2014

SummaryA frequently overlooked bit of seventeenth‐century Powhatan Indian ethnography is Capt. John Smith's enigmatic description of a women's transvestite dance that he witnessed on a visit to the Powhatan principal town, Werowocomoco, in 1608. While he took this to be an impromptu entertainment for his benefit, this paper argues that it was the conclusion of extensive harvest celebrations, and that it ushered in a new year. After Smith's description to contemporaryEnglish culture, this paper offers an analysis of the ritual in Powhatan terms, confirming earlier work relating to Powhatan notions of gender and the significance of women as well as the central importance of Werowocomoco politically and cosmically.
Evaluation of drug–drug interactions for oncology therapies: in vitro–in vivo extrapolation model‐based risk assessment
Authors: Waters Nigel J. 
Published: December 2014

AimsUnderstanding drug–drug interactions (DDI) is a critical part of the drug development process as polypharmacy has become commonplace in many therapeutic areas including the cancer patient population. The objectives of this study were to investigate cytochrome P450 (CYP)‐mediated DDI profiles available for therapies used in the oncology setting and evaluate how models based on in vitro–in vivo extrapolation performed in predicting CYP‐mediated DDI risk.MethodsA dataset of 125 oncology therapies was collated using drug label and approval history information, incorporating in vitro and clinical PK data. The predictive accuracy of the basic and net effect mechanistic static models was assessed using this oncology drug dataset, for both victim and perpetrator potential of CYP3A‐mediated DDI.ResultsThe incidence of CYP3A‐mediated interaction potential was 47%, 22% and 11% for substrates, inhibitors and inducers, respectively. The basic models for precipitants gave conservative predictions with no false negatives, whilst the mechanistic static models provided reasonable quantitative predictions (2.3–3‐fold error). Further analysis revealed that incorporating DDI at the level of the intestine was in most cases over‐predicting interaction magnitude due to overestimates of the rate and extent of oral absorption of the precipitant. Quantifying victim DDI potential was also demonstrated using fmCYP3A estimates from ketoconazole clinical DDI studies to predict the magnitude of interaction on co‐administration with the CYP3A inducer, rifampicin (1.6–3.3 fold error).ConclusionsThis work illustrates the utility and limitations of current DDI risk assessment approaches applied to a range of contemporary anti‐cancer agents, and discusses the implications for therapeutic combination strategies.
The school website: Facilitating communication engagement and learning
Authors: Taddeo Carmel , Barnes Alan 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSchool websites are providing education settings with the opportunity to transform and enhance the schooling experience. However, the perceived importance of school websites and the resources invested in developing and maintaining them varies considerably across settings. There is a need to better understand what constitutes an effective website that provides a school with an avenue for delivering innovation in teaching and learning, and complements how a school operates. This study reviewed school websites, specifically how 30 south Australian schools used their website as a teaching learning portal, to support administrative operations and as a marketing platform. Three key questions framed the research. First, what variables should be examined to establish how schools are using their website. Second, what constitutes an engaging and useful school website, and finally what development framework can be devised to assist schools to map their website's strengths and areas requiring further development. The evaluation criteria addressed website design, purpose, content and technology integration. Indicators of progressive and emergent school websites were identified through a deductive content analysis of the websites, which informed a proposed website development framework. The framework and suggested recommendations promote a holistic approach when developing a website to accurately portray a school's identity and effectively address stakeholders' needs.
Innovations in Practice: Grow2Grow – engaging hard‐to‐reach adolescents through combined mental health and vocational support outside the clinic setting
Authors: Conway Paula , Clatworthy Jane 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundBased on an organic farm and education centre, Grow2Grow offers young people with complex mental health needs both clinical mental health support and vocational opportunities.MethodsChange in functioning (CGAS), vocational outcomes and client satisfaction were assessed for all young people completing Grow2Grow placements between June 2010 and July 2014.ResultsTwenty‐one young people completed Grow2Grow placements, achieving increased CGAS scores (p < .001) and reporting high levels of satisfaction with the project. Eighty‐one per cent achieved educational and/or employment outcomes.ConclusionThis innovative approach to working with hard‐to‐reach young people is achieving high levels of engagement and positive vocational and mental health outcomes.
Total costs and clinical outcome of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in adults with leukemia: comparison between reduced‐intensity and myeloablative conditioning
Authors: Suh Koung Jin , Kim Inho , Lim Jin , Ha Hyerim , Park Seongyeol , Koh Youngil , Yoon Sung‐Soo , Park Seonyang 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe total cost of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) as well as the financial impact of HSCT on the house holds of patients have been elusive. Between 2005 and 2012, we analyzed 191 HSCT in adult patients with leukemia with reduced‐intensity conditioning (RIC) regimen (n = 79) and with myeloablative conditioning (MAC) regimen (n = 112). The direct medical costs were calculated from healthcare claims obtained from the Seoul National University Hospital, and the direct non‐medical and the indirect costs were calculated from national statistics. The mean direct medical cost was $55 039, direct non‐medical cost was $6394, and indirect cost was $7503 from transplantation to one yr after transplantation in the RIC group and $72 916, $6993, and $9057 in the MAC group, respectively, based on the exchange rate of Korean won 1060 = US$1. The total costs for one yr were $68 938 and $88 967, constituting for 273% and 357% of the per capita income, respectively. The total costs, direct medical costs, and indirect costs showed statistically significant differences (p = 0.006, p = 0.007, and p = 0.017). No significant differences were found for leukemia‐free survival and overall survival. RIC‐HSCT provides lower costs within the first year of transplantation with comparable long‐term clinical outcomes.
Measured and modeled interactive effects of potassium deficiency and water deficit on gross primary productivity and light‐use efficiency in Eucalyptus grandis plantations
Authors: Christina Mathias , Le Maire Guerric , Battie‐Laclau Patricia , Nouvellon Yann , Bouillet Jean‐Pierre , Jourdan Christophe , de Moraes Gonçalves José Leonardo , Laclau Jean‐Paul 
Published: November 2014

AbstractGlobal climate change is expected to increase the length of drought periods in many tropical regions. Although large amounts of potassium (K) are applied in tropical crops and planted forests, little is known about the interaction between K nutrition and water deficit on the physiological mechanisms governing plant growth. A process‐based model (MAESPA) parameterized in a split‐plot experiment in Brazil was used to gain insight into the combined effects of K deficiency and water deficit on absorbed radiation (aPAR), gross primary productivity (GPP), and light‐use efficiency for carbon assimilation and stem biomass production (LUEC and LUEs) in Eucalyptus grandis plantations. The main‐plot factor was the water supply (undisturbed rainfall vs. 37% of throughfall excluded) and the subplot factor was the K supply (with or without 0.45 mol K m−2 K addition). Mean GPP was 28% lower without K addition over the first 3 years after planting whether throughfall was partly excluded or not. K deficiency reduced aPAR by 20% and LUEC by 10% over the whole period of growth. With K addition, throughfall exclusion decreased GPP by 25%, resulting from a 21% decrease in LUEC at the end of the study period. The effect of the combination of K deficiency and water deficit was less severe than the sum of the effects of K deficiency and water deficit individually, leading to a reduction in stem biomass production, gross primary productivity and LUE similar to K deficiency on its own. The modeling approach showed that K nutrition and water deficit influenced absorbed radiation essentially through changes in leaf area index and tree height. The changes in gross primary productivity and light‐use efficiency were, however, driven by a more complex set of tree parameters, especially those controlling water uptake by roots and leaf photosynthetic capacities.
Genetic determinants of immunogenicity to factor IX during the treatment of haemophilia B
Authors: Saini S. , Hamasaki‐Katagiri N. , Pandey G. S. , Yanover C. , Guelcher C. , Simhadri V. L. , Dandekar S. , Guerrera M. F. , Kimchi‐Sarfaty C. , Sauna Z. E. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryInhibitors are an impediment to the effective management of haemophilia B (HB), but there is limited understanding of the underlying genetic risk factors. In this study we aim to understand the role of F9 gene mutations on inhibitor development in patients with HB. Mutations in the F9 gene were identified and HLA typing performed for five boys with severe HB. Data from the CDC Haemophilia B Mutation Project (CHBMP) database were used to assess association between F9 gene mutation type and inhibitor development. Analysis of the CHBMP database showed that larger disruptions in the F9 gene are associated with a higher life‐time prevalence of inhibitors. We detected the following mutations in the five subjects, including four novel mutations: Nonsense in three patients (c.223 C>T; p.Arg75* in two siblings, c.553 C>T; p.Glu185*); Splice site in two patients (c.723 + 1 G>A, c.278‐27 A>G); Missense in one patient (c.580 A>G, p.Thr194Ala; c.723 G>T; p.Gln241His). Of the two siblings only one responded to immune tolerance induction (ITI). These siblings have identical F9 gene mutations but differ with respect to the HLA alleles. Interestingly, an analysis of peptide‐MHC binding affinities shows a significantly higher (one‐sided unpaired t‐test, P = 0.0018) median affinity for FIX‐derived peptides in the sibling that responded to ITI. We conclude that the nature of the F9 gene mutation may be an important risk factor for the development of inhibitors. In addition, the HLA alleles of the individual patients, in conjunction with the mutation type, could be a predictor for the development of inhibitors as well as the response to ITI.
Asynchronous glands in secretory pattern endometrium: clinical associations and immunohistological changes
Authors: Stewart Colin J R , Bharat Chrianna , Leake Robyn 
Published: November 2014

AimsThe significance and pathogenesis of irregular or asynchronous maturation within endometrial glands remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in epithelial hormone receptor immunoreactivity and stromal cell calretinin, CD34 and p16 expression in morphologically normal secretory endometrium and in asynchronous (non‐secretory) endometrial glands (AEGs).Methods and resultsNineteen consecutive endometrial specimens showing AEGs were examined. The mean age of the patients was 42.8 years, and the most common presenting symptom was menorrhagia. Immunohistological expression of oestrogen receptor (ER) α, of ERβ and of progesterone receptor (PR) were compared in normal secretory glands and in AEGs. Stromal cell expression of calretinin, CD34 and p16 was also investigated. In contrast to normal secretory glands, the epithelial cells lining AEGs were usually ERα/PR‐positive and showed significantly increased ERβ expression. Altered calretinin and CD34 expression within functional layer stromal cells was seen in five and two cases, respectively, but there were no differences in stromal cell immunoreactivity around AEGs.ConclusionsThe most common clinical symptom associated with AEGs in this study was menorrhagia. Aberrant hormone receptor expression in AEGs suggests a localized, possibly clonal, defect in epithelial maturation. There were no immunophenotypic changes to suggest that AEGs are related to a primary endometrial stromal deficiency.