bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term safety and efficacy of dalfampridine for walking impairment in patients with multiple sclerosis: Results of open-label extensions of two Phase 3 clinical trials
Authors: Goodman Andrew D , Bethoux Francois , Brown Theodore R , Schapiro Randall T , Cohen Ron , Marinucci Lawrence N , Henney Herbert R , Blight Andrew R ,   on behalf of the MS-F203, MS-F204, and Extension Study Investigators, Agius M , Arnason BGW , Bethoux FA , Bever CT , Bowen JD , Brown TR , Dietrich DW , Edwards K , Freedman MS , Freedman M , Kachuck NJ , Kaufman MD , Keilson M , Khan O , Krupp LB , Leist TP , Lindsey JW , Lublin FD , Mass MK , Mattson D , McGowan D , Naismith R , O’Connell C , Oger JJ , Panitch H , Picone MA , Rammohan KW , Schapiro RT , Schwid SR , Scott T , Short C , Thrower BW , Vollmer TL , Camac A , Cooper JA , Chumley WF , Cross A , Dunnigan RT , Gitt JS , Hillen M , Jeffrey DR , Khatri BO , Kresa-Reahl K , Moon S , Preiningerova J , Tullman M , Weinstock-Guttman B , Wynn DR 
Published: January 2015

Background: In Phase 3 double-blind trials (MS-F203 and MS-F204), dalfampridine extended release tablets 10 mg twice daily (dalfampridine-ER; prolonged-release fampridine in Europe; fampridine modified or sustained release elsewhere) improved walking speed relative to placebo in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Objectives: Evaluation of long-term safety and efficacy of dalfampridine-ER in open-label extensions (MS-F203EXT, MS-F204EXT). Methods: Patients received dalfampridine-ER 10 mg twice daily; and had Timed 25-Foot Walk (T25FW) assessments at 2, 14 and 26 weeks, and then every 6 months. Subjects were categorized as dalfampridine-ER responders or non-responders, based on their treatment response in the double-blind parent trials that assessed T25FW. Results: We had 269 patients enter MS-F203EXT and 154 patients complete it; for a maximum exposure of 5 years. We had 214 patients enter MS-F204EXT and 146 complete it; for a maximum exposure of 3.3 years. No new safety signals emerged and dalfampridine-ER tolerability was consistent with the double-blind phase. Improvements in walking speed were lost after dalfampridine-ER was discontinued in the parent trial, but returned by the 2-week assessment after re-initiation of the drug. Throughout the extensions, mean improvement in walking speed declined, but remained improved, among the double-blind responders as compared with non-responders. Conclusions: The dalfamipridine-ER safety profile was consistent with the parent trials. Although walking speed decreased over time, dalfampridine-ER responders continued to show improved walking speed, which was sustained compared with non-responders.
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells regulate T cell and B cell responses during autoimmune disease
Authors: Crook Kristen R , Jin Mengyao , Weeks Michael F , Rampersad Rishi R , Baldi Robert M , Glekas Amy S , Shen Yajuan , Esserman Denise A , Little Paul , Schwartz Todd A , Liu Peng 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
MDSCs are a heterogeneous group of myeloid cells that suppress T cell activity in cancer and autoimmune disease. The effect of MDSCs on B cell function is not clear. Using the CIA model of autoimmune disease, we found an increase in M-MDSCs in the periphery of WT mice with CIA compared with nai¨ve mice. These MDSCs were absent from the periphery of CCR2−/− mice that developed exacerbated disease. M-MDSCs, isolated from immunized mice, inhibited autologous CD4+ T cell proliferation. The M-MDSC-mediated suppression of T cell proliferation was NO and IFN-γ dependent but IL-17 independent. Furthermore, we demonstrated for the first time that M-MDSCs from CIA mice also inhibited autologous B cell proliferation and antibody production. The suppression of B cells by M-MDSCs was dependent on the production of NO and PGE2 and required cell–cell contact. Administration of M-MDSCs rescued CCR2−/− mice from the exacerbated CIA phenotype and ameliorated disease in WT mice. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of M-MDSCs reduced autoantibody production by CCR2−/− and WT mice. In summary, M-MDSCs inhibit T cell and B cell function in CIA and may serve as a therapeutic approach in the treatment of autoimmune arthritis.
Prevalence and Functional Consequence of TP53 Mutations in Pediatric Adrenocortical Carcinoma: A Children's Oncology Group Study
Authors: Wasserman Jonathan D. , Novokmet Ana , Eichler-Jonsson Claudia , Ribeiro Raul C. , Rodriguez-Galindo Carlos , Zambetti Gerard P. , Malkin David 
Published: January 2015

Purpose Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare pediatric malignancy. It occurs in excess among individuals with the Li-Fraumeni syndrome, which results primarily from germline mutations in the TP53 gene. Prior series exploring frequencies of germline TP53 mutation among children with ACC have been small, geographically limited, or subject to referral bias. The functional consequence of mutations has not been related to phenotype. We provide a genotype-phenotype analysis of TP53 mutations in pediatric ACC and propose a model for tissue-specific effects based on adrenocortical ontogeny. Patients and Methods Eighty-eight consecutive, unrelated children with ACC, unselected for family history, underwent germline TP53 sequencing. Rate and distribution of mutations were identified. Functional analysis was performed for novel TP53 variants. Correlation with the International Agency for Research on Cancer p53 database further delineated mutational distribution, association with family history, and risk for multiple primary malignancies (MPMs). Results Germline mutations were present in 50% of children. These mutations did not correspond to the conventional hotspot mutations. There was a wide range of mutant protein function. Patients bearing alleles encoding protein with higher functionality were less likely to have a strong family cancer history, whereas those with greater loss of function had MPMs and/or positive family history. In patients with MPMs, ACC was the most frequent initial malignancy. Finally, we demonstrated age-dependent rates of TP53 mutation positivity. Conclusion TP53 mutations are prevalent in children with ACC but decline with age. Mutations result in a broad spectrum of functional loss. Effect of individual mutations may predict carrier and familial disease penetrance with potentially broad implications for clinical surveillance and counseling.
Misdiagnosis and Missed Diagnoses in Foster and Adopted Children With Prenatal Alcohol Exposure
Authors: Chasnoff Ira J. , Wells Anne M. , King Lauren 
Published: January 2015

OBJECTIVE:
The purpose of this article is to assess the rate of misdiagnosis and missed diagnoses of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) among a population of foster and adopted youth referred to a children’s mental health center.

METHODS:
Data were collected from a sample of 547 children who underwent a comprehensive multidisciplinary diagnostic evaluation. Utilizing current diagnostic criteria, children were diagnosed, as appropriate, with fetal alcohol syndrome, partial fetal alcohol syndrome, alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder, or alcohol-related birth defects. Changes in rates of alcohol exposure-related diagnoses and cooccurring mental health disorders pre- and postassessment were analyzed by using McNemar’s test for dependent proportions.

RESULTS:
Among 156 children and adolescents who met criteria for a diagnosis within the fetal alcohol spectrum, 125 had never been diagnosed as affected by prenatal alcohol exposure, a missed diagnosis rate of 80.1%. Of the 31 who had been recognized before referral as affected by prenatal alcohol exposure, 10 children’s FASD diagnoses were changed within the spectrum, representing a misdiagnosis rate of 6.4%. The remaining 21 (13.5%) children’s diagnoses stayed the same. There also were significant changes in the rate of mental health diagnosis, and learning disorders, communication disorders, and intellectual disability, objective signs of neurocognitive damage, were not recognized in a significant number of children with FASD.

CONCLUSIONS:
Within this clinical sample, 86.5% of youth with FASD had never been previously diagnosed or had been misdiagnosed. These high rates of missed diagnoses and misdiagnosis have significant implications for intervention and therapeutic services.
Interpretation of Steady Linear Visco-Inertial Gas Flow Data
Authors: Dranchuk P.M. , Kolada L.J. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
When laboratory gas flow data are presented on a Klinkenberg plot, the points trace a path which curves downward in the region of high mean pressure. Recent work has shown that this departure from linearity is due to visco-inertial flow. Consequently, it has been suggested that if flow measurements are restricted to the viscous region the resulting points must fall on a straight line, in which case an unbiased estimate of the true linear relationship may be obtained by the method of least squares.
In the case of flow measurements taken in the visco-inertial flow region, theory suggests that the resulting data may be plotted in such a manner as to yield a straight line with a slope equal to the inertial resistance coefficient, β, and an intercept equal to the inverse of the permeability, K. In practice, however, when such a plot is made, the points invariably trace a path which curves downward in the region of low flow rates. Although it has been recognized that the departure from linearity was due to slip at the gas-solid interface, a criterion for the delineation of the linear region of the plot was unavailable. The present work offers such a criterion and demonstrates its validity by applying it to a set of laboratory data.
Permeability Reduction Due to Salinity Changes
Authors: Mungan Necmettin 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
X-ray diffraction, base exchange studies and core flood tests were made to explain the reduction in permeability of Berea sandstone which results from changing the salinity of flood water. It was shown that the reduction of permeability is related to the exchangeable cations on the clays and to particle morphology.
In the Berea sandstone, the clays were found to contain primarily Ca++, Mg++ and K+, but very little Na+. At this exchange state, the clay crystals are held together tightly, cannot swell to large interlayer spacings and no damage occurred when distilled water was flowed through the cores. However, if NaCl solution is flowed through a Berea core, the exchange sites on the clays become filled predominantly with Na+. The particles can now expand by hydration of the sodium. This swelling increases the distance between clay crystals and weakens the bonds holding them together. When the clays are subsequently exposed to distilled water, the double layer is removed by moving pore water, leaving adsorbed sodium cations on the faces of the clay crystals. These cations now become more strongly hydrolyzed, further weakening the bond between particles so that they now separate under the shear stresses generated by flow. If the clays are first exposed to Ca++ or Al+++, the clays are converted into these exchange cations. The stronger coulombic attraction of the divalent or trivalent cations holds the clay crystals together, preventing swelling or dispersion during subsequent fresh water flow.
Particle morphology plays an important role in the dispersion phenomena. X-ray diffraction work showed that many of the clay crystals in Berea sandstone occur as micro-aggregates. These micro-aggregates consist of clay crystals that have grown contemporaneously and which are so interpenetrated that they will not separate under moderate conditions. It was shown that an osmotic-type phenomena cannot account satisfactorily for the dispersion of the clays in Berea. Solutions with the same osmotic pressures as the NaCl solution used were found to cause no permeability damage when followed by distilled water flow.
Co-sensorialité et partage créatif de l'hallucinatoire
Authors: Boucherat-Hue Valérie 
Published: January 2015

L’analyse aménagée par la médiation corporelle d’un jeune homme dévoile un bébé physiquement « abîmé » qui n’a pas été touché mais excité précocement. Les symptômes « somatopsychotiques » renvoient aux traces enkystées de cette mémoire corporelle du trauma. Clivées, incorporées et hallucinées, ces traces ne sont symbolisables qu’en étant co-incarnées dans la relation d’étayage avec l’objet secourable de la cure, jusqu’au partage d’un sensoriel primitif auto-organisateur entre analyste et analysé.
Zone euro : convalescence
Authors: Département analyse et prévision  , Antonin Céline , Blot Christophe , Le Bayon Sabine , Schweisguth Danielle 
Published: January 2015

La zone euro a renoué avec la croissance. Pour le troisième trimestre consécutif, le PIB a légèrement progressé. Pour autant, la situation macroéconomique de la zone euro reste critique. La croissance est pour l’instant bien trop fragile pour enclencher une dynamique de reprise significative. Dans certains pays, le PIB a continué de reculer au quatrième trimestre 2013. Dans d’autres, c’est le chômage qui se maintient à des niveaux records et qui progresse même encore, en raison d’une progression trop faible de l’activité. Les politiques budgétaires restrictives ont de nouveau pesé sur la demande en 2013. Leur dimension procyclique devrait néanmoins s’atténuer en 2014 et 2015. Du côté de la politique monétaire, la BCE maintient le taux d’intérêt directeur à un niveau de 0,25 point mais tarde à engager des actions plus significatives pour soutenir la croissance et accélérer le processus, en cours, de convergence des taux longs. Les enquêtes sur le crédit indiquent une normalisation des conditions d’offre de crédits mais aussi le faible dynamisme de la demande. Dans ces conditions, nous anticipons une accélération de la croissance en 2014, en grande partie liée à une impulsion budgétaire négative (0,2 point au lieu de 0,7 en 2013). Portée par une moindre accélération du commerce extérieur et le début d’une reprise de l’investissement, la croissance atteindrait 1,3 % en 2014 puis accélérerait à 1,6 % en 2015. Avec un PIB toujours inférieur de 2,7 % à son niveau d’avant crise, ce rebond de la croissance est encore trop faible pour avoir un impact significatif sur le chômage. Il baisserait en 2014 et 2015 sur l’ensemble de la zone euro mais seulement de 0,2 puis 0,3 point. Or avec un taux de chômage qui serait encore de 11,4 % en fin d’année 2015, le risque déflationniste va continuer à s’accentuer. L’évolution récente des prix reflète cette situation avec une inflation qui ralentit depuis la fin de l’année 2011 et un risque accru de voir les anticipations s’ancrer sur un scénario de baisse des prix.
Observations of Adelomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) reproductive biology facilitated by digital field microscopy and DNA barcoding
Authors: Smith M. Alex , Janzen Daniel H. , Hallwachs Winnie , Longino John T. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractMany Neotropical species whose range is restricted to tropical montane cloud forests (TMCF) are in danger of local or total extinction due to warming and drying as air warmed by climate change ascends these mountains. While the species richness of many arthropod higher taxa declines at high elevations, those species that do reside in TMCF are often highly specialised and endemic, rendering their natural history especially interesting. However, we know little about these TMCF arthropods. One genus of ants, Adelomyrmex Emery, 1897 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), is characteristic of many TMCFs in Central America, and exemplifies this pattern. While workers of this genus are very common in leaf litter samples, winged males and winged queens have been unknown and nests have never been observed for most species. Here we report how a combination of affordable digital field microscopes and DNA barcoding has allowed nest discovery and documentation and linked male and worker Adelomyrmex. Based on this work, we have now learned that male Adelomyrmex can be quite abundant locally.
Heme Exporter FLVCR Is Required for T Cell Development and Peripheral Survival
Authors: Philip Mary , Funkhouser Scott A. , Chiu Edison Y. , Phelps Susan R. , Delrow Jeffrey J. , Cox James , Fink Pamela J. , Abkowitz Janis L. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
All aerobic cells and organisms must synthesize heme from the amino acid glycine and the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate succinyl CoA for incorporation into hemoproteins, such as the cytochromes needed for oxidative phosphorylation. Most studies on heme regulation have been done in erythroid cells or hepatocytes; however, much less is known about heme metabolism in other cell types. The feline leukemia virus subgroup C receptor (FLVCR) is a 12-transmembrane domain surface protein that exports heme from cells, and it was shown to be required for erythroid development. In this article, we show that deletion of Flvcr in murine hematopoietic precursors caused a complete block in αβ T cell development at the CD4+CD8+ double-positive stage, although other lymphoid lineages were not affected. Moreover, FLVCR was required for the proliferation and survival of peripheral CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. These studies identify a novel and unexpected role for FLVCR, a major facilitator superfamily metabolite transporter, in T cell development and suggest that heme metabolism is particularly important in the T lineage.
Should We Trust our Judgments about the Proficiency of Motivational Interviewing Counselors?A Glimpse at the Impact of Low Inter-rater Reliability
Authors: Dunn Chris , Darnell Doyanne , Yi Sheng Kung Michael , Steyvers Mark , Bumgardner Kristin , Lord Sarah Peregrine , Imel Zac , Atkins David C. 
Published: January 2015

Standardized rating systems are often used to evaluate the proficiency of Motivational Interviewing (MI) counselors. The published inter-rater reliability (degree of coder agreement) in many studies using these instruments has varied a great deal; some studies report MI proficiency scores that have only fair inter-rater reliability, and others report scores with excellent reliability. How much can we to trust the scores with fair versus excellent reliability? Using a Monte Carlo statistical simulation, we compared the impact of fair (0.50) versus excellent (0.90) reliability on the error rates of falsely judging a given counselor as MI proficient or not proficient. We found that improving the inter-rater reliability of any given score from 0.5 to 0.9 would cause a marked reduction in proficiency judgment errors, a reduction that in some MI evaluation situations would be critical. We discuss some practical tradeoffs inherent in various MI evaluation situations, and offer suggestions for applying findings from formal MI research to problems faced by real-world MI evaluators, to help them minimize the MI proficiency judgment errors bearing the greatest cost.
Are Aspects of a Motivational Interview Related to Subsequent Changes in Physical Activity and Regulatory Style? Examining Relationships among Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Knittle Keegan , De Gucht Veronique , Mejino Arlene , Hurkmans Emalie , Vliet Vlieland Thea , Maes Stan 
Published: January 2015

Objectives: To determine whether the integrity of motivational interviewing (MI) delivery relates to short-term changes in physical activity (PA) and regulatory style within a sample of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and to examine whether therapist proficiency in MI improves over time. Methods: During a randomized controlled trial to promote PA, 27 patients received a MI from one of three trained physical therapists, which was coded with the Motivational Interviewing Treatment Integrity scales (MITI). Pearson correlations examined associations between MITI scores and changes in PA and regulatory style. Linear regression examined therapist proficiency over time. Results: MIs with greater reflection-to-question ratios and higher MI proficiency scores were related to increases in PA. MIs higher in global spirit and with a greater percentage of MI-adherent behaviors were associated with decreases in introjected regulation. Therapist proficiency in MI delivery tended to improve over time. Conclusions: Characteristics of motivational interviews are related to favorable shifts in regulatory style and PA behavior. Although MI proficiency increases over time and with feedback, a 15-hour training course seems insufficient for physical therapists to obtain basic MI proficiency. Practice Implications: Providing feedback to therapists new to delivering MI seems to improve MI proficiency and should help therapists to avoid using MI-non-adherent techniques.
MATERIAL VEGETAL E AS ROTINAS LABORATORIAIS NOS PROCEDIMENTOS QUÍMICO-ANALÍTICOS
Authors: MARTINS Ana Paula Lang , REISSMANN Carlos Bruno 
Published: January 2015

Este texto, objetiva primariamente, atender o corpo discente envolvido em trabalhos acadêmicos, pesquisas científicas, dissertações e teses que, em função do curto período de permanência em suas atividades no curso, carecem de metodologias com desenvolvimento detalhado da rotina de laboratório que os tornem auto-suficientes, em suas análises, a despeito dos vários manuais publicados. O mesmo contém informações básicas sobre limpeza de vidrarias, preparação da amostra e leitura em vários equipamentos. Também mostra didaticamente métodos de determinação de nutrientes em material vegetal, incluindo as transformações matemáticas das leituras, para unidades padronizadas. Descreve, ainda, métodos de obtenção de extratos por digestão via seca – incineração; via úmida – Kjedahl, extrações com ácidos diluídos. Para as leituras das amostras são utilizadas técnicas de titulação, colorimetria, fotometria de emissão e espectrometria de absorção atômica. As referências bibliográficas, utilizadas como leitura complementar, auxiliam no direcionamento dos leitores a dados adicionais no caso de ser necessário um aprofundamento maior. Espera-se que as informações contidas nesse texto auxiliem os operadores na condução de suas análises pertinentes às metodologias explicitadas.
APLICAÇÃO FOLIAR DE EXTRATO DE ALGA, ÁCIDO L-GLUTÂMICO E CÁLCIO EM FEIJOEIRO
Authors: MÓGOR Átila Francisco , ONO Elizabeth Orika , RODRIGUES João Domingos , MÓGOR Gilda 
Published: January 2015

No presente trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da aplicação foliar do extrato da alga Ascophyllum nodosum, do ácido L-glutâmico e do Ca+2, no crescimento e produção de plantas de feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação com os seguintes tratamentos: testemunha; aplicações foliares de soluções contendo 60 g L-1 de ácido L-glutâmico; contendo 60 g L-1 de extrato de alga; contendo 100 g L-1 de Ca+2 na forma de CaCl2; contendo 30 g L-1 de ácido L-glutâmico e 30 g L-1 extrato de alga; contendo 30 g L-1 de ácido L-glutâmico e 100 g L-1 de Ca+2; contendo 30 g L-1 de extrato de alga e 100 g L-1 de Ca+2; contendo 15 g L-1de ácido L-glutâmico associado a 15 g L-1 de extrato de alga e 100 g L-1 de Ca+2, aos 12, 28 e 42 dias após a emergência das plantas. Para a aplicação foliar, cada solução foi diluída em água na concentração de 3 ml L-1. Ao longo do ciclo foram avaliadas variáveis biométricas e ao final quantificou-se a produção de grãos por planta. Identificou-se o efeito dos tratamentos no crescimento inicial, ao longo do ciclo das plantas e na produção de grãos, caracterizando o efeito bioestimulante da solução contendo 30 g L-1 de extrato de alga e 100 g L-1 de Ca+2, e da solução contendo 15 g L-1de ácido L-glutâmico associado a 15 g L-1 de extrato de alga e 100 g L-1 de Ca+2.