bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L’Éloge de la laideur dans la littérature antipétrarquiste
Authors: Cavaillé Jean-Pierre 
Published: July 2013

à partir de l’analyse d’un discours académique du philosophe Antonio Rocco faisant l’éloge paradoxal de la laideur (1630), on distingue plusieurs types de mise en forme de la laideur par l’écriture dans la littérature italienne des xvie et xviie siècle, qui entretiennent une relation de contestation ou de perversion, selon les cas, avec le modèle platonisant du pétrarquisme : Les louanges marinistes de la beauté défectueuse (belle vieille, belle boiteuse, etc.), le thème du Tasse de l’amour sincère et conscient pour une femme laide, l’éloge burlesque pour la femme laide (Lorenzo il Magnifico, Berni, etc…), d’une misogynie déclarée. Dans tous ces cas, la laideur considérée est celle du corps de la femme. De manière très révélatrice, le motif silénique, souvent appliquée à la laideur masculine (un corps laid recouvrant une belle âme) est inimaginable pour la femme. Par contre la dépréciation du corps féminin se fait généralement au profit de celle du jeune corps masculin, dans la valorisation discrète ou tonitruante de la sodomie. Ainsi, en aucun cas, cette littérature qui s’affranchit pourtant des préjugés de la morale religieuse, ne conduit à la reconnaissance d’une quelconque égalité des sexes.
L’orang-outang, l’esclave et l’humain : une querelle des corps en régime colonial
Authors: Sebastiani Silvia 
Published: July 2013

Cet article analyse l’impact que l’infléchissement des pratiques médicales, réélaborées dans d’autres cadres disciplinaires – les histoires philosophiques et naturelles, notamment – provoque dans les débats britanniques sur l’esclavage des années 1770. Il s’attache à suivre les usages des débats sur l’orang-outang, dont l’humanisation est accompagnée d’une représentation bestialisée de « l’homme sauvage ». Il montre comment, dans l’Angleterre et l’Écosse de cette époque, les défenseurs de l’esclavage s’appuient sur les théories qui conduisent au rapprochement entre l’orang-outang et les Noirs, pour justifier leurs positions politiques, et par là-même renforcent le camp de ceux qui, philosophes, médecins, ou hommes politiques, contribuent à fracturer l’unité de l’espèce humaine.L’analyse s’attache à suivre les réemplois de l’œuvre d’Edward Tyson. La dissection de l’orang-outang (en réalité un chimpanzé) qu’il pratique à Londres en 1698 et sa comparaison ponctuelle avec le corps humain, marque un tournant dans les pratiques médicales du xviiie siècle, qui affecte la définition philosophique et historique de l’humain : la similitude qu’elle permet d’établir avec l’homme, sur le plan du corps et du cerveau, conduit l’anatomiste à suggérer une possible continuité entre monde animal et humain, qui invite à repenser la labilité des frontières qui les séparent. à partir de cette expérience, la comparaison entre singes anthropomorphes et hommes « sauvages » – catégorie qui inclut les Noirs et les Indiens Américains mais aussi, au cœur même de l’Europe, les enfants trouvés – devient un geste récurrent de l’anatomie comparée à l’époque des Lumières, une branche de la médecine en plein essor dans cette période.
Corps et Espaces. Les costumes des Balkans dans l’Europe du XVIe siècle
Authors: Calvi Giulia 
Published: July 2013

Cet article s’inscrit dans le cadre de l’historiographie du vêtement et de l’apparence en expansion au sein de l’histoire culturelle. Il s’agit ici d’analyser le transfert de la culture visuelle du vêtement et des pratiques du corps de la région des Balkans à travers l’Italie et l’Europe à la fin de la Renaissance. L’analyse vise moins à étudier la matérialité des vêtements qu’à reconstruire les processus de représentation culturelle et de dissémination à travers l’espace et le temps, dans un cadre interprétatif pour lequel la production d’images participe de tensions politiques plus larges et met en lumière la coexistence de différentes minorités ethniques et religieuses. À partir des livres de voyage et de costume du xvie siècle, cet article situe le vêtement au sein d’un espace définit par les sources : dans les villes et leurs environs en premier lieu – Venise, Raguse, Adrianople et Pera –, dans des espaces moins circonscrits et aux frontières plus incertaines – la mer, les paysages de plaine et de montagne des régions balkaniques –, et enfin à travers les cartes mentales que les artistes et les graveurs reproduisent, inventent et imaginent. l’espace est compris ici comme une construction socioculturelle et l’habit devient alors un aspect de l’imaginaire géographique et des savoirs cartographiques qui se développent à la Renaissance dans les cartes, les atlas, les livres de costumes et les traités ethnographiques au cœur d’un système d’échanges complexe entre l’Europe et l’Empire ottoman
Understanding Athletic Trainers' Beliefs Toward a Multifacted Sport-Related Concussion Approach: Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior
Authors: Rigby Justin , Vela Luzita , Housman Jeff 
Published: July 2013

Context:
Practice guidelines recommend a multifaceted approach for managing concussions, but a relatively small percentage of athletic trainers (ATs) follow these recommendations. Understanding ATs' beliefs toward the recommended concussion practice guidelines is the first step in identifying interventions that could increase compliance. The theory of planned behavior (TPB) allows us to measure ATs' beliefs toward the recommended concussion practice guidelines.

Objective:
To examine the influence of ATs' beliefs toward the current recommended concussion guidelines on concussion-management practice through an application of the TPB.

Design:
Cross-sectional study.

Setting:
A Web link with a survey was e-mailed to 1000 randomly selected members of the National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA).

Patients or Other Participants:
A total of 221 certified ATs working in secondary school/clinic, high school, and college/university settings.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
A 66-item survey reflecting the current recommended concussion guidelines of the NATA and International Conference on Concussion in Sport was created to measure beliefs using the TPB constructs attitude toward the behavior (BA), subjective norms (SN), perceived behavioral control (PBC), and behavioral intention (BI) of ATs. We used a linear multiple regression to determine if the TPB constructs BA, SN, and PBC predicted BI and if PBC and BI predicted behavior according to the TPB model.

Results:
We found that BA, SN, and PBC predicted BI (R = 0.683, R2 = 0.466, F3,202 = 58.78, P &lt; .001). The BA (t202 = 5.53, P &lt; .001) and PBC (t202 = 9.64, P &lt; .001) contributed to the model, whereas SN (t202 = −0.84, P = .402) did not. The PBC and BI predicted behavior (R = 0.661, R2 = 0.437, F2,203 = 78.902, P &lt; .001).

Conclusions:
In this sample, the TPB constructs predicted BI and behavior of ATs' compliance with recommended concussion-management guidelines. The BA and PBC were the most influential constructs, indicating that those with positive attitudes toward concussion-management recommendations are more likely to implement them, and ATs are less likely to implement them when they do not believe they have the power to do so. We theorize that interventions targeting ATs' attitudes and control perceptions will lead to improved compliance.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Concussion-Reporting Behaviors Among High School Athletes: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Register-Mihalik Johna K. , Guskiewicz Kevin M. , McLeod Tamara C. Valovich , Linnan Laura A. , Mueller Frederick O. , Marshall Stephen W. 
Published: July 2013

Context:
Many athletes continue to participate in practices and games while experiencing concussion-related symptoms, potentially predisposing them to subsequent and more complicated brain injuries. Limited evidence exists about factors that may influence concussion-reporting behaviors.

Objective:
To examine the influence of knowledge and attitude on concussion-reporting behaviors in a sample of high school athletes.

Design:
Cross-sectional study.

Setting:
Participants completed a validated survey instrument via mail.

Patients or Other Participants:
A total of 167 high school athletes (97 males, 55 females, 5 sex not indicated; age = 15.7 ± 1.4 years) participating in football, soccer, lacrosse, or cheerleading.

Intervention(s):
Athlete knowledge and attitude scores served as separate predictor variables.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
We examined the proportion of athletes who reported continuing to participate in games and practices while symptomatic from possible concussion and the self-reported proportion of recalled concussion and bell-ringer events disclosed after possible concussive injury.

Results:
Only 40% of concussion events and 13% of bell-ringer recalled events in the sample were disclosed after possible concussive injury. Increased athlete knowledge of concussion topics (increase of 1 standard deviation = 2.8 points) was associated with increased reporting prevalence of concussion and bell-ringer events occurring in practice (prevalence ratio [PR] = 2.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.60, 3.21) and the reporting prevalence of bell-ringer-only events overall (PR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.38, 2.54). Athlete attitude scores (increase of 1 standard deviation = 11.5 points) were associated with decreases in the proportion of athletes stating they participated in games (PR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.66, 0.82) and practices (PR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.59, 0.77) while symptomatic from concussions.

Conclusions:
Most recalled concussion events in our study were not reported to a supervising adult. Clinicians should be aware that knowledge and attitude influence concussion reporting. Clinicians and administrators should make concussion education a priority and encourage an optimal reporting environment to better manage and prevent concussive injuries in young athletes.
Short-Term Spheroid Formation Enhances the Regenerative Capacity of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells by Promoting Stemness, Angiogenesis, and Chemotaxis
Authors: Cheng Nai-Chen , Chen Szu-Yu , Li Jia-Rong , Young Tai-Horng 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) represent an important source of mesenchymal stem cells for clinical application. During in vitro culture, ASCs quickly lose the expression of transcription factors associated with pluripotency and self-renewal (Sox-2, Oct-4, and Nanog) and CXCR4, the key receptor responsible for stem cell homing. To enhance their therapeutic potential despite in vitro passages, we examined whether ASCs exhibit superior regenerative capacity by expanding them in monolayers following short-term spheroid formation. Spheroid-derived ASCs retained the expression pattern of cell surface markers and adipogenic/osteogenic differentiation capabilities of ASCs constantly cultured in monolayers. However, spheroid-derived ASCs exhibited higher expansion efficiency with less senescence. Moreover, spheroid-derived ASCs expressed significantly higher levels of pluripotency markers, CXCR4, and angiogenic growth factors. Enhanced in vitro migration, associated with the increased expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-9 and MMP-13), was also observed in spheroid-derived ASCs. The enhanced migration and MMP expression could be inhibited by a CXCR4-specific peptide antagonist, AMD3100. Using a murine model with healing-impaired cutaneous wounds, we observed faster healing and enhanced angiogenesis in the wounds treated with spheroid-derived ASCs. Significantly more cellular engraftment of spheroid-derived ASCs in the cutaneous wound tissue was also noted, with evidence of ASC differentiation toward endothelial and epidermal lineages. These findings suggest that short-term spheroid formation of ASCs before monolayer culture enhances their properties of stemness, angiogenesis, and chemotaxis and thereby increases their regenerative potential for therapeutic use.
Liquid Crystalline Block Copolymers
Authors: Zhou Yuxiang , Ahn Suk‐kyun , Deshmukh Prashant , Kasi Rajeswari M. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Liquid crystalline block copolymers (LCBCPs) are fascinating soft materials, which show unique hierarchical assemblies due to liquid crystalline mesophase formation as well as microphase‐segregated domains obtained from the incompatible block architecture. This review is focused on methods to synthesize and characterize the thermal and morphological features of LCBCPs as well as structure–property analysis. Applications of these materials in various fields including lithography, scaffolds for renewable energy applications, responsive materials, and low energy surfaces are discussed. Future trends in the design of new architectures of LCBCPs, their hybrid derivatives, and their structure–property correlations are elucidated.
Third Natures: Incubators of Public Space
Authors: Moreno Cristina Díaz , Grinda Efrén García 
Published: July 2013

AbstractCristina Díaz Moreno and Efrén García Grinda, founders of the Madrid‐based office AMID.cero9, shift the notion of the urban from the classic idea of the complete or ideal city, to one which engages with essential urban phenomena: the dynamics of confrontation, dispute and agreement between individuals, social groups and subcultures. In this way, public spaces are transformed from empty spaces into a real context for social interaction; and active involvement with social exchange becomes the main purpose of a project for a new architecture of the city.
Local Climates of the City
Authors: Stewart Iain D 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA specialist in urban effects on climate, particularly the heat island effect, Iain D Stewart is a Postdoctoral Research Fellow in the Department of Geography at the University of British Columbia (UBC). Here he describes how the emergence of ‘borderless’, ‘patchwork’ and ‘polynucleated’ cities has led climatologists to develop a new classification system of urban landscapes. The system divides cities into local climate zones (LCZs) according to their surface structure, cover, fabric and metabolism.
Data City: Urban Metabolic Decision Processes
Authors: Segraves Daniel 
Published: July 2013

AbstractDesigner and computational specialist Daniel Segraves describes the decarbonisation tool that he has helped develop in collaboration with Chicago‐based Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill Architects and the Argonne National Laboratory Computation Department. The creation of the multi‐scale analytic model focusing on the embodied and expended carbon of urban systems allows for energy performance to be tracked across a wider region, encompassing multiple buildings and agents.
Implantable Silk Composite Microneedles for Programmable Vaccine Release Kinetics and Enhanced Immunogenicity in Transcutaneous Immunization
Authors: DeMuth Peter C. , Min Younjin , Irvine Darrell J. , Hammond Paula T. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractMicroneedle vaccines mimic several aspects of cutaneous pathogen invasion by targeting antigen to skin‐resident dendritic cells and triggering local inflammatory responses in the skin, which are correlated with enhanced immune responses. Here, we tested whether control over vaccine delivery kinetics can enhance immunity through further mimicry of kinetic profiles present during natural acute infections. An approach for the fabrication of silk/poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) composite microneedles composed of a silk tip supported on a PAA base is reported. On brief application of microneedle patches to skin, the PAA bases rapidly dissolved to deliver a protein subunit vaccine bolus, while also implanting persistent silk hydrogel depots into the skin for a low‐level sustained cutaneous vaccine release over 1–2 weeks. Use of this platform to deliver a model whole‐protein vaccine with optimized release kinetics resulted in >10‐fold increases in antigen‐specific T‐cell and humoral immune responses relative to traditional parenteral needle‐based immunization.
Visual‐Size Molecular Recognition Based on Gels
Authors: Tu Tao , Fang Weiwei , Sun Zheming 
Published: July 2013

AbstractSince their discovery, stimuli‐responsive organogels have garnered considerable and increasing attention from a broad range of research fields. In consideration of an one‐dimensional ordered relay in anisotropic phase, the assembled gel networks can amplify various properties of the functional moieties possessed by the gelator molecules. Recently, substantial efforts have been focused on the development of facile, straightforward, and low‐cost molecular recognition approaches by using nanostructured gel matrices as visual sensing platforms. In this research news, the recent progresses in macroscopic or visual‐size molecular recognition for a number of homologues, isomers, and anions, as well as extremely challenging chiral enantiomers, using polymer and molecular gels are reviewed. Several strategies – including guest molecular competition, hydrogen‐bonding blocking, and metal‐coordination – for visual discrimination are included. Finally, the future trends and potential application in facile visual‐size molecular recognition based on organogel matrices are highlighted.
Direct C‐2 Alkylation of Quinoline N‐Oxides with Ethers via Palladium‐Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Cross‐Coupling Reaction
Authors: Wu Zhiyong , Pi Chao , Cui Xiuling , Bai Jie , Wu Yangjie 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAn efficient and concise one‐pot strategy for the direct alkylation of quinoline N‐oxides via palladium‐catalyzed dual CH bonds activation has been developed. This methodology provides quinoline‐containing heterocyclic molecules in moderate to excellent yields.magnified image
Enantioselective Synthesis of Cyclopentadienes by Gold(I)‐ Catalyzed Cyclization of 1,3‐Dien‐5‐ynes
Authors: Sanjuán Ana M. , García‐García Patricia , Fernández‐Rodríguez Manuel A. , Sanz Roberto 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAn asymmetric synthesis of elusive chiral cyclopentadienes has been developed by gold(I)‐catalyzed alkoxycyclization of 1,3‐dien‐5‐ynes. The application of these substrates in completely diastereoselective Diels–Alder cycloaddition reactions, which can be carried out in one pot from achiral 1,3‐dien‐5‐ynes, allows the preparation of highly functionalized products bearing five stereogenic centers with high enantiomeric excesses.
Electrochemical formation of poly(thionine) thin films: The effect of amine group on the polymeric film formation of phenothiazine dyes
Authors: Topçu Ezgi , Alanyalıoğlu Murat 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTThe electropolymerization of thionine in an aqueous solution has been carried out by using both cycling voltammetry and chronoamperometry experiments. Electropolymerization has been applied at various pHs by using different working electrodes. The characterization of poly(thionine) thin films is performed by using cyclic voltammetry, current–time transients, atomic force microscopy, scanning tunnelling microscopy, ATR‐FTIR, and UV–vis absorption spectroscopy techniques. It is deduced from current–time transients and morphological data that poly(thionine) film forms with random adsorption process and exhibits an irregular polymeric film. Poly(thionine) film formation was compared with that of previously published results of phenothiazine derivatives of poly(azure A) and poly(methylene blue). It has been concluded that type of amine functional group of phenothiazine dyes is very effective on the formation of polymeric film structure. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39686.
Determination of antazoline hydrochloride in rat plasma and excreta by reversed‐phase ion‐pair chromatography and its application to pharmacokinetics
Authors: Wang Rui , Chu Yanle , Li Xiaotian , Wan Baoluo , Yu Tong , Wang Linxi , Hao Lianqi , Guo Maowen 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTA reversed‐phase ion pair chromatography method with liquid–liquid extraction analytical method was developed and validated for the determination of antazoline hydrochloride in plasma and excreta of rat. The aim of our study was to characterize the preclinical pharmacokinetics and excretion profiles of antazoline hydrochloride in rats after intravenous injection at the dose of 10 mg/kg. Plasma and excreta samples were extracted with ethyl acetate, and phenacetin was used as the internal standard. The result showed that the method is suitable for the quantification of antazoline hydrochloride in plasma and excreta samples. Analysis of accuracy (90.89–112.33%), imprecision (<7.1%) and recovery (>82.5%) showed adequate values. After a single intravenous administration at 10 mg/kg to rats, plasma concentration profile showed a relative fast elimination proceeding with a terminal elimination half‐life of 3.53 h. Approximately 61.8 and 14.2% of the administered dose were recovered in urine and bile after 72 and 24 h post‐dosing respectively; 5.9% of the administered dose was recovered in feces after 72 h post‐dosing. The above results show that the major elimination route is urinary excretion. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of calcipotriol transdermal permeation through pig, rat and mouse skin using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Li Xiaojiao , Wang Jing , Li Guoqing , Lin Changqing , Zhang Xueju , Sun Yantong , Yang Yan , Gu Jingkai 
Published: July 2013

ABSTACTA rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric method to evaluate the permeation and retention of calcipotriol in excised samples of pig, rat and mouse skin after application of a calcipotriol ointment has been developed and validated. After sample preparation of ointment, skin homogenate and receptor medium by liquid–liquid extraction, chromatography was performed on an Extend‐C18 column using isocratic elution. Detection was by electrospray ionization in the negative ion mode using multiple‐reaction monitoring of the precursor to product ion transitions of calcipotriol at m/z 411.1 → 393.5, and of lovastatin (internal standard) at m/z 403.2 → 101.2. The assay was linear in all matrices with LLOQs of 1, 0.5 and 40 ng/mL for skin homogenate, receptor medium and ointment samples respectively. In terms of the permeation profiles, it was found that calcipotriol permeated through all skins to only a limited extent over 20 h after application but was efficiently retained in all skins at a level at 20 h of between 40% (pig) and 60% (rat and mouse) of the applied dose. This indicates that calcipotriol ointment has the potential to provide sustained therapeutic benefit in the treatment of psoriasis with minimal systemic side effects. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous RP‐HPLC‐DAD Separation, and Determination of Flavonoids and Phenolic Acids in Plantago L. Species
Authors: Jurišić Grubešić Renata , Srečnik Goran , Kremer Dario , Vuković Rodríguez Jadranka , Nikolić Toni , Vladimir‐Knežević Sanda 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA rapid reversed‐phase (RP) high‐performance liquid chromatography method was developed and applied for simultaneous separation, and determination of flavonoids and phenolic acids in eight Plantago L. taxa (P. altissima L., P. argentea Chaix, P. coronopus L., P. holosteum Scop. ssp. depauperata Pilger, P. holosteum ssp. holosteum, P. holosteum ssp. scopulorum (Degen) Horvatić, P. lagopus L., and P. maritima L.) growing in Croatia. Chromatographic separation was carried out on Zorbax Eclipse XDB‐C18 using gradient elution with a H2O (pH 2.5, adjusted with CF3COOH) and MeCN mixture at 30°. The contents of analyzed phenolic compounds (% of the dry weight of the leaves, dw) varied among examined species: rutin (max. 0.024%, P. argentea), hyperoside (max. 0.020%, P. lagopus), quercitrin (max. 0.013%, P. holosteum ssp. holosteum), quercetin (max. 0.028%, P. holosteum ssp. scopulorum), chlorogenic acid (max. 0.115%, P. lagopus), and caffeic acid (max. 0.046%, P. coronopus). Isoquercitrin was detected only in P. argentea (0.020%), while isochlorogenic acid content was below limit of quantification in all investigated species. Multivariate analyses (UPGMA and PCA) showed significant differences in contents of investigated polyphenolic compounds between different Plantago taxa. Accordingly, investigated substances might be employed as chemotaxonomic markers in the study of the complex genus Plantago.