bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pure argyrophilic grain disease revisited: independent effects on limbic, neocortical, and striato-pallido-nigral degeneration and the development of dementia in a series with a low to moderate Braak stage
Authors: Yokota Osamu , Miki Tomoko , Nakashima-Yasuda Hanae , Ishizu Hideki , Haraguchi Takashi , Ikeda Chikako , Hasegawa Masato , Miyashita Akinori , Ikeuchi Takeshi , Nishikawa Naoto , Takenoshita Shintaro , Sudo Koichiro , Terada Seishi , Takaki Manabu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAgyrophilic grains (AGs) are age-related limbic-predominant lesions in which four-repeat tau is selectively accumulated. Because previous methodologically heterogeneous studies have demonstrated inconsistent findings on the relationship between AGs and dementia, whether AGs affect cognitive function remains unclear. To address this question, we first comprehensively evaluated the distribution and quantity of Gallyas-positive AGs and the severity of neuronal loss in the limbic, neocortical, and subcortical regions in 30 cases of pure argyrophilic grain disease (pAGD) in Braak stages I–IV and without other degenerative diseases, and 34 control cases that had only neurofibrillary tangles with Braak stages I–IV and no or minimal Aβ deposits. Then, we examined whether AGs have independent effects on neuronal loss and dementia by employing multivariate ordered logistic regression and binomial logistic regression. Of 30 pAGD cases, three were classified in diffuse form pAGD, which had evident neuronal loss not only in the limbic region but also in the neocortex and subcortical nuclei. In all 30 pAGD cases, neuronal loss developed first in the amygdala, followed by temporo-frontal cortex, hippocampal CA1, substantia nigra, and finally, the striatum and globus pallidus with the progression of Saito AG stage. In multivariate analyses of 30 pAGD and 34 control cases, the Saito AG stage affected neuronal loss in the amygdala, hippocampal CA1, temporo-frontal cortex, striatum, globus pallidus, and substantia nigra independent of the age, Braak stage, and limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE-NC) stage. In multivariate analyses of 23 pAGD and 28 control cases that lacked two or more lacunae and/or one or more large infarctions, 100 or more AGs per × 400 visual field in the amygdala (OR 10.02, 95% CI 1.12–89.43) and hippocampal CA1 (OR 12.22, 95% CI 1.70–87.81), and the presence of AGs in the inferior temporal cortex (OR 8.18, 95% CI 1.03–65.13) affected dementia independent of age, moderate Braak stages (III–IV), and LATE-NC. Given these findings, the high density of limbic AGs and the increase of AGs in the inferior temporal gyrus may contribute to the occurrence of dementia through neuronal loss, at least in cases in a low to moderate Braak stage.
Exploring the feasibility of a single-protoplast proteomic analysis
Authors: Vu Hung M. , Lee Ju Yeon , Kim Yongmin , Park Sanghoon , Izaguirre Fabiana , Lee Juhyeon , Lee Jung-Hyun , Jo Minjoung , Woo Hye Ryun , Kim Jin Young , Lim Pyung Ok , Kim Min-Sik 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Recent advances in high-resolution mass spectrometry have now enabled the study of proteomes at the single-cell level, offering the potential to unveil novel aspects of cellular processes. Remarkably, there has been no prior attempt to investigate single-plant cell proteomes. In this study, we aimed to explore the feasibility of conducting a proteomic analysis on individual protoplasts.

Findings
As a result, our analysis identified 978 proteins from the 180 protoplasts, aligning with well-known biological processes in plant leaves, such as photosynthetic electron transport in photosystem II. Employing the SCP package in the SCoPE2 workflow revealed a notable batch effect and extensive missing values in the data. Following correction, we observed the heterogeneity in single-protoplast proteome expression. Comparing the results of single-protoplast proteomics with those of bulk leaf proteomics, we noted that only a small fraction of bulk data was detected in the single-protoplast proteomics data, highlighting a technical limitation of the current single-cell proteomics method.

Conclusions
In summary, we demonstrated the feasibility of conducting a single-protoplast proteomic experiment, revealing heterogeneity in plant cellular proteome expression. This underscores the importance of analyzing a substantial number of plant cells to discern statistically significant changes in plant cell proteomes upon perturbation such as abscisic acid treatment in future studies. We anticipate that our study will contribute to advancing single-protoplast proteomics in the near future.
Posttraumatic aortic regurgitation and root pseudoaneurysm following blunt chest trauma: a case report
Authors: Aizawa Hiroaki , Yamauchi Haruo , Ando Masahiko , Ono Minoru 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
The simultaneous diagnosis of severe aortic regurgitation and aortic root pseudoaneurysm resulting from traffic injury is extremely rare. This report presents the case of a patient with Marfan syndrome who experienced aortic root pseudoaneurysm and subacute severe aortic regurgitation following a traffic accident.

Case presentation
A 64-year-old woman was diagnosed with Marfan syndrome 16 years ago and is undergoing ongoing follow-up at an outpatient clinic. Eight years previously, the patient underwent total arch replacement combined with J-graft open stent graft® (JGOS; Japan Lifeline Co., Tokyo, Japan) deployment for acute type A dissection. Five months before presentation, the patient suffered a left rib fracture in a traffic accident and received conservative management at a local hospital. The patient presented to the emergency room with worsening shortness of breath and orthopnea. Echocardiography revealed severe aortic regurgitation and moderate tricuspid regurgitation. Computed tomography revealed new-onset pseudoaneurysm at the aortic root. Surgical repair was successfully performed using a modified Bentall procedure with a bioprosthetic valve and tricuspid annuloplasty. Intraoperative findings revealed pseudoaneurysm with perforation of the right sinus of Valsalva. Although the left and right aortic valve leaflets were normal, the noncoronary leaflet exhibited a ruptured fibrous strand of a cusp fenestration, resulting in acute aortic regurgitation.

Conclusions
This case report highlights the rare occurrence of aortic root pseudoaneurysm and subacute aortic regurgitation following a traffic accident. In cases of blunt chest trauma, particularly in patients with Marfan syndrome, frequent examination is crucial to assess the possibility of posttraumatic aortic regurgitation and aortic injury.
Learning Health System to rapidly improve the implementation of a school physical activity policy
Authors: Lane Cassandra , Nathan Nicole , Wiggers John , Hall Alix , Shoesmith Adam , Bauman Adrian , Groombridge Daniel , Sutherland Rachel , Wolfenden Luke 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Learning Health Systems (LHS) – characterised by cycles of evidence generation and application – are increasingly recognised for their potential to improve public health interventions and optimise health impacts; however there is little evidence of their application in the context of public health practice. Here, we describe how an Australian public health unit applied a LHS approach to successfully improve a model of support for implementation of a school-based physical activity policy.

Methods
This body of work was undertaken in the context of a strong research-practice partnership. Core LHS capabilities included: i) partnerships and stakeholder engagement; ii) workforce development and learning health communities; iii) multi-disciplinary scientific expertise; iv) practice data collection and management system; v) evidence surveillance and synthesis; and vi) governance and organisational processes of decision making. Three cycles of data generation and application were used. Within each cycle, randomised controlled trials conducted in NSW primary schools were used to generate data on the support model’s effectiveness for improving schools’ implementation of a government physical activity policy, its delivery costs, and process measures such as adoption and acceptability. Each type of data were analysed independently, synthesised, and then presented to a multi-disciplinary team of researchers and practitioners, in consult with stakeholders, leading to collaborative decisions for incremental improvements to the support model.

Results
Cycle 1 tested the first version of the support model (composed of five implementation strategies targeting identified barriers of policy implementation) and showed the model’s feasibility and efficacy for improving schools’ policy implementation. Data-informed changes were made to enhance impact, including the addition of three implementation strategies to address outstanding barriers. Cycle 2 (now, testing a package of eight implementation strategies) established the model’s effectiveness and cost-effectiveness for improving school's policy implementation. Data-informed changes were made to reduce delivery costs, specifically adapting the costliest strategies to reduce in-person contact from external support personnel. Cycle 3 showed that the adaptations minimised the relative cost of delivery without adversely impacting on the effect.

Conclusions
Through this process, we identified an effective, cost-effective, acceptable and scalable policy implementation support model for service delivery. This provides important information to inform or support LHS approaches for other agencies seeking to optimise the health impact of evidence-based interventions.
Simultaneous choledochal cyst excision and pancreaticojejunostomy (Puestow’s technique) for type IA cyst with associated chronic pancreatitis: a case report
Authors: Bashir Hamza , Abbas Ali , Khan Muhammad Arsalan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Introduction and importance
Choledochal cysts are congenital conditions that affect the biliary tree, typically identified during childhood. These cysts present as dilations in the biliary system, occurring either in the extrahepatic or intrahepatic regions or in some cases, in both areas. Occasionally, it may have associated chronic pancreatitis posing a challenge to the management of both conditions.
In the case reported, a female child was diagnosed with a choledochal cyst along with chronic pancreatitis. She had an excision of cyst and lateral pancreaticojejunostomy simultaneously for both conditions resulting in favorable outcomes.

Case presentation
An 8-year-old child visited the clinic with a complaint of upper abdominal pain accompanied by intermittent vomiting. An ultrasound was performed which showed a dilated common bile duct. To confirm the diagnosis, an MRCP and baseline labs including liver function tests were ordered. The findings were suggestive of a type IA choledochal cyst with concomitant chronic pancreatitis. Subsequently, she had choledochal cyst excision with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy reconstruction plus lateral pancreaticojejunostomy using the classical Puestow’s technique. The patient’s recovery post-surgery was uneventful, resulting in discharge on the fifth post-operative day for routine outpatient follow-up.

Clinical discussion
Patients afflicted with choledochal cysts are prone to recurrent pancreatitis, though the precise underlying mechanism is unknown. Certain studies propose an association between abnormal pancreatico-biliary junction and recurrent pancreatitis, often defined as a common channel surpassing 15 mm in length. However, this aberration could not be definitively established in the current case. Diagnosis of choledochal cysts can be confirmed through either ERCP or MRCP, with the latter preferred due to its non-invasive nature. The optimal management strategy for choledochal cysts necessitates cyst resection and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy reconstruction Moreover, in cases associated with chronic pancreatitis, longitudinal pancreatojejunostomy may be undertaken.

Conclusion
Thus, it is concluded that although rare choledochal cysts may have associated chronic pancreatitis. Surgical excision of the cyst and lateral pancreaticojejunostomy can be performed simultaneously resulting in favorable post-operative outcomes.
A mechanism to reduce shoulder strain of backpack wearers
Authors: Kalita Zahnupriya , Kaushik Manish , Deb Maulick , Barman Kul David 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackpacks are a convenient means of carrying the load. Its continuous usage has led to severe shoulder injuries and back pain due to the dynamic forces exerted by the weight of the backpack on the shoulders of the wearer during running or walking. A traditional backpack moves up and down repeatedly with the shoulder of the wearer during walking or running. Such repetitive movements of the backpack cause discomfort and strain on the wearer's shoulders. Hence, a mechanism is proposed here that can be assembled with the normal backpack in a way that the backpack stays at a constant position with respect to the ground by moving it relative to the wearer. The proposed mechanism was designed, fabricated, and assembled with a normal backpack and checked for the impact force experienced by the wearer with different loads of 10 kg, 12.5 kg, and 15 kg. An Arduino-based setup with a load cell sensor was implemented into the mechanism to measure the impact forces exerted on the wearer’s shoulder. The impact forces experienced by the wearer were found to be considerably lower when using the enhanced backpack with the mechanism compared to a normal backpack without the mechanism for a load equal to or more than 15 kg.
Efficacy and Safety of Sacituzumab Govitecan in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (TROPiCS-03): Analysis in Patients With Advanced Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Santin Alessandro D. , Corr Bradley R. , Spira Alexander , Willmott Lyndsay , Butrynski James , Tse Ka Yu , Patel Jilpa , Mekan Sabeen , Wu Tia , Lin Kai-Wen , Kuo Peiwen , Dumbrava Ecaterina E. 
Published: July 2024

PURPOSE
Patients with advanced endometrial cancer (EC) who progress on or after platinum-based therapy and immunotherapy have poor prognosis. We report efficacy and safety of sacituzumab govitecan (SG), a trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2 (Trop-2)–directed antibody-drug conjugate, in patients with advanced EC.

METHODS

TROPiCS-03 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier:
NCT03964727
) is a multicohort, open-label, phase II basket study in patients with metastatic solid tumors. Eligible patients in the EC cohort received SG 10 mg/kg once on days 1 and 8 every 3 weeks. Primary end point was objective response rate (ORR) by investigator's assessment per RECIST v1.1. Secondary end points included clinical benefit rate (CBR; complete and partial response, and stable disease ≥6 months), duration of response (DOR), and progression-free survival (PFS) per investigator assessment, overall survival, and safety. Trop-2 expression of archival or baseline tumor specimens was analyzed by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTS
At data extraction date, 41 patients were enrolled. Median follow-up was 5.8 months (range, 0.7-19.3); median previous therapies was three (range, 1-6); and 85% of patients received previous chemotherapy and immunotherapy. ORR was 22% (95% CI, 11 to 38); CBR was 32% (95% CI, 18 to 48). Median DOR was 8.8 months (95% CI, 2.8 to not estimable); median PFS was 4.8 months (95% CI, 2.8 to 9.8). Trop-2 exploratory analysis was conducted retrospectively for 39 patients. Tumor Trop-2 protein was highly expressed in EC, showing limited correlation with efficacy. Grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) occurred in 73% of patients. Study drug discontinuation due to TRAEs was 5%. Two deaths occurred, deemed unrelated to SG.

CONCLUSION
Findings from TROPiCS-03 showed encouraging efficacy of SG with a manageable toxicity profile in a heavily pretreated population with advanced EC. Safety findings were consistent with the known SG safety profile.
Validation of optical conductivity and tailing parameter
Authors: Arbab Arbab I. , Sherfee Fatma O. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A quantum model for optical conductivity that treats light as a particle is presented. Based on this assumption, the optical characteristics of the material are calculated and compared to experimental findings. The band gap energy of a material changes with frequency and refractive index. We provided an equation of the line extrapolated in the Tauc plot. The obtained formula for optical conductivity reveals that the band tailing parameter in the Tauc formula is dependent on the speed of light, the Planck constant, and the material's refractive index. The determination of this constant helps establish the value of the band. The values of this constant are found to be consistent with various experimental results. Two electric conductivities distinguishing Abraham and Minkoswi's light momentum relationship inside materials are proposed.
Data-driven Cluster Analysis Reveals Increased Risk for Severe Insulin-deficient Diabetes in Black/African Americans
Authors: Lu Brian , Li Peng , Crouse Andrew B , Grimes Tiffany , Might Matthew , Ovalle Fernando , Shalev Anath 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Context
Diabetes is a heterogenic disease and distinct clusters have emerged, but the implications for diverse populations have remained understudied.

Objective
Apply cluster analysis to a diverse diabetes cohort in the US Deep South.

Design
Retrospective hierarchical cluster analysis of electronic health records from 89 875 patients diagnosed with diabetes between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2019, at the Kirklin Clinic of the University of Alabama at Birmingham, an ambulatory referral center.

Patients
Adult patients with International Classification of Diseases diabetes codes were selected based on available data for 6 established clustering parameters (glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody; hemoglobin A1c; body mass index; diagnosis age; HOMA2-B; HOMA2-IR); ∼42% were Black/African American.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Diabetes subtypes and their associated characteristics in a diverse adult population based on clustering analysis. We hypothesized that racial background would affect the distribution of subtypes. Outcome and hypothesis were formulated prior to data collection.

Results
Diabetes cluster distribution was significantly different in Black/African Americans compared to Whites (P &lt; .001). Black/African Americans were more likely to have severe insulin-deficient diabetes (OR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.36-2.45; P &lt; .001), associated with more serious metabolic perturbations and a higher risk for complications (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.06-1.90; P = .020). Surprisingly, Black/African Americans specifically had more severe impairment of β-cell function (homoeostatic model assessment 2 estimates of β-cell function, C-peptide) (P &lt; .001) but not being more obese or insulin resistant.

Conclusion
Racial background greatly influences diabetes cluster distribution and Black/African Americans are more frequently and more severely affected by severe insulin-deficient diabetes. This may further help explain the disparity in outcomes and have implications for treatment choice.
Treatment of Unresectable BRAF V600E, TERT-Mutated Differentiated Papillary Thyroid Cancer With Dabrafenib and Trametinib
Authors: Bapat Neha , Ferraro Tatiana , Esper Layal , Joshi Arjun S , Haroun Faysal , Baldwin Chelsey K 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Complete surgical resection of differentiated papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is associated with an excellent prognosis. However, for locally invasive PTC, disease-specific morbidity and mortality increases when microscopic margin negative resection (R0) or complete macroscopic resection (R1) is not feasible. Neoadjuvant dabrafenib and trametinib (DT) used in BRAF V600E–positive, unresectable anaplastic thyroid cancer has allowed for R0 or R1 resection and improved survival rates. We demonstrate feasibility of using neoadjuvant DT in a patient with BRAF V600E and TERT-mutated PTC for whom R0/R1 resection was initially aborted due to predicted unacceptable morbidity. The patient was treated with neoadjuvant DT for 5 months, at which time disease was undetectable on imaging with near resolution on final pathology; however, subsequent rapid recurrence after discontinuation of neoadjuvant DT occurred. Neoadjuvant DT offers promise in future cohorts of patients with locally invasive BRAF V600E and TERT-mutated PTC for whom neoadjuvant therapy can reduce surgical morbidity while still allowing for R0/R1 resection.
Management of a Twisted Flow Diverting Stent With a Balloon Mounted Cardiac Stent in a Pediatric Aneurysm: A Technical Report
Authors: Russell Keannette , Johnson William Chase , Al Saiegh Fadi , Birnbaum Lee , Coon Alexander , Mascitelli Justin 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE:
Giant aneurysms can present technical challenges during treatment with flow diversion including inability to access the aneurysm outflow directly. Encircling the aneurysm with a microwire/microcatheter has been well described; however, it can result in a twisted stent because of catheter twisting during the reduction maneuver, which, in turn, could lead to thromboembolic complications.

CASE PRESENTATION:
Here, we describe a novel technique to manage the twist of the flow diverter in a giant internal carotid artery aneurysm using a combination of angioplasty and off-label placement of a balloon-mounted cardiac stent within the flow diverter.

CONCLUSION:
At 1 year, the aneurysm is completely occluded on digital subtraction angiography and MRI, and the patient is neurologically intact.
Macrophages of multiple hematopoietic origins reside in the developing prostate
Authors: Feng Sally W. , North Tanya M. , Wivell Peri , Pletcher Andrew , Popratiloff Anastas , Shibata Maho 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Tissue-resident macrophages contribute to the organogenesis of many tissues. Growth of the prostate is regulated by androgens during puberty, yet androgens are considered immune suppressive. In this study, we characterized the localization, androgen receptor expression and hematopoietic origin of prostate macrophages, and transiently ablated macrophages during postnatal prostate organogenesis in the mouse. We show that myeloid cells were abundant in the prostate during puberty. However, nuclear androgen receptor expression was not detected in most macrophages. We found Cx3cr1, a marker for macrophages, monocytes and dendritic cells, expressed in interstitial macrophages surrounding the prostate and associated with nerve fibers. Furthermore, we provide evidence for the co-existence of embryonic origin, self-renewing, tissue-resident macrophages and recruited macrophages of bone-marrow monocyte origin in the prostate during puberty. Our findings suggest that prostate macrophages promote neural patterning and may shed further light on our understanding of the role of the innate immune system in prostate pathology in response to inflammation and in cancer.