bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic Susceptibility of Thrombin Measurement Levels and the Risk of Colon Adenocarcinoma: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Liu Yeliu , Zhou Jiajie 
Published: August 2024

Aims/Background: This investigation sought to establish a possible correlation between thrombin measurement levels and the risk of developing colon adenocarcinoma (COAD). Methods: Thrombin measurement levels were sourced from a study by Pietzner M (2020, PMID: 33328453) and integrated into the IEU database. Data on COAD were obtained from the FinnGen database (2021, C3_COLON_ADENO). Various analytical methods were used to assess the relationship, including inverse variance weighting (IVW), mendelian randomization-Egger (MR-Egger) regression, as well as weighted median and mode techniques. Sensitivity analyses were performed, including Cochran’s Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, mendelian randomization Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO), along with leave-one-out analysis, to ensure the robustness of the results. Results: The IVW analysis indicated a significant inverse association between elevated thrombin levels and the risk of COAD (odds ratio (OR) = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.66–0.88, p = 0.0003). These findings were supported by the weighted median analysis (OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.68–0.90, p = 0.0006) and the weighted mode analysis (OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.68–0.88, p = 0.0017). Conclusion: This research identified an inverse causal relationship between thrombin measurement levels and the incidence of COAD, suggesting that higher thrombin levels are associated with a reduced risk of developing COAD.
Patients' experience of incontinence and incontinence-associated dermatitis in hospital settings: a qualitative study
Authors: Barakat-Johnson Michelle , Lai Michelle , Basjarahil Shifa , Campbell Jayne , Cunich Michelle , Disher Gary , Geering Samara , Ko Natalie , Leahy Catherine , Leong Thomas , McClure Eve , O'Grady Melissa , Walsh Joan , White Kate , Coyer Fiona 
Published: August 2024

Objective: To explore the experience of patients with incontinence and incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) in acute care hospitals and their family caregivers, including their perceptions and management, as well as the impact on their wellbeing. Method: A qualitative exploratory study design was employed in 18 wards across six acute/subacute hospitals in New South Wales, Australia. Patients with incontinence (with or without IAD) were invited to participate. Where interviews were not possible with the patient, their family caregiver was invited to participate. Semi-structured interviews were conducted. Results: There were 45 interviewees in the study; 41 were patients with incontinence (11 of whom had IAD) and four were family caregivers. The experience of incontinence was captured by three themes: ‘incontinence interrupts every aspect of my life’; ‘actively concealing and cloaking’; and ‘perceived as irreversible’. Incontinence was expected by the patients at their age and did not come as a surprise. It was normalised and approached with stoicism. As such, patients self-managed their incontinence by developing strategies to ensure they avoided episodes of incontinence during their stay. Incontinence left patients feeling anxious, embarrassed and with a sense of shame, and they did not communicate these feelings, or engage with health professionals about their incontinence, nor did health professionals discuss their incontinence with them. There was a strong sense of resignation that incontinence was irreversible and nothing could be done to improve it. All participants displayed little knowledge of IAD. The experience of having IAD was characterised by the theme ‘debilitating and desperate for relief’ and was experienced as a particularly painful, itching and burning condition that left patients distressed and irritable. Conclusion: Patients with incontinence in acute settings required further education from health professionals to reduce the stigma of incontinence, and provide further support to manage their incontinence. Health professionals can also play a key role in educating patients about the risks of developing IAD and how it can be prevented.
A shared decision-making intervention between health care professionals and individuals undergoing Pulmonary Rehabilitation: An iterative development process with qualitative methods
Authors: Barradell Amy C. , Bekker Hilary L. , Houchen-Wolloff Linzy , Marshall-Nichols Kim , Robertson Noelle , Singh Sally J. 
Published: August 2024

Background
Pulmonary Rehabilitation (PR) services typically offer programmes to support individuals living with COPD make rehabilitation choices that best meet their needs, however, uptake remains low. Shared Decision-Making (SDM; e.g., Patient Decision Aids (PtDA)) interventions increase informed and values-based decision-making between individuals and healthcare professionals (HCPs). We aimed to develop an intervention to facilitate PR SDM which was acceptable to individuals living with COPD and PR HCPs.

Methods
An iterative development process involving qualitative methods was adopted. Broad overarching frameworks included: complex intervention development framework, the multiple stakeholder decision making support model, and the Ottawa Decision Support Framework. Development included: assembling a steering group, outlining the scope for the PtDA, collating data to inform the PtDA design, prototype development, alpha testing with individuals with COPD (n = 4) and PR HCPs (n = 8), PtDA finalisation, and design and development of supporting components. This took nine months.

Results
The PtDA was revised six times before providing an acceptable, comprehensible, and usable format for all stakeholders. Supporting components (decision coaching training and a consultation prompt) were necessary to upskill PR HCPs in SDM and implement the intervention into the PR pathway.

Conclusions
We have developed a three-component SDM intervention (a PtDA, decision coaching training for PR healthcare professionals, and a consultation prompt) to support individuals living with COPD make informed and values-based decision about PR together with their PR healthcare professional. Clear implementation strategies are outlined which should support its integration into the PR pathway.
Prevalence and risk factors of depression, anxiety, and stress among the Bangladeshi construction workers: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Roy Nitai , Paul Kallol Deb , Tamanna Sumaiya Sultana , Paul Anup Kumar , Almerab Moneerah Mohammad , Mamun Mohammed A. 
Published: August 2024

Background
Construction workers are a population that is at risk for mental illnesses such as depression, anxiety, and even suicide due to the high stress and physical demands of their work. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors for depression, anxiety, and stress among Bangladeshi construction workers.

Methods
From February 2022 to June 2022, community-based cross-sectional research was conducted among construction workers. Survey data was gathered using interviewer administered questionnaires with 502 participants from the construction sites. Data were collected based on the information related to socio-demographics, lifestyle, occupation, health hazards, and mental health (i.e., depression, anxiety, and stress). The results were interpreted using the chi-square test and logistic regression utilizing SPSS statistical software.

Results
The study revealed the prevalence rates of depression, anxiety, and stress among construction workers to be 17.9%, 30.3%, and 12%, respectively. Key findings indicate that construction workers who maintained a healthy sleep duration were 64% less likely to be depressed compared to those with poor sleep (AOR = 0.36; 95% CI: 0.21–0.61, p<0.001). Workers who did not experience breathing issues upon starting construction work had a 45% lower likelihood of experiencing depression (AOR = 0.55; 95% CI: 0.32–0.97, p = 0.037) and an 82% lower likelihood of experiencing anxiety (AOR = 0.18; 95% CI: 0.11–0.30, p<0.001). Bricklayer construction workers were 72% less likely to experience stress (AOR = 0.28; 95% CI: 0.08–0.95, p = 0.041), and workers without breathing issues after starting construction work were 66% less likely to experience stress (AOR = 0.34; 95% CI: 0.17–0.66, p = 0.001).

Conclusions
The study found that depression, anxiety, and stress are prevalent among construction workers in Bangladesh, with breathing issues as a significant risk factor. Thus, there is a need for effective measures to reduce these problems and provide a safe working environment for construction workers to ensure their productivity and the country’s overall growth.
Physiological and Psychological Factors Contribute to Real-Time Esophageal Symptom Reporting in Patients With Refractory Reflux
Authors: Guadagnoli Livia , Abber Sophie , Geeraerts Annelies , Geysen Hannelore , Pauwels Ans , Tack Jan , Van Oudenhove Lukas , Vanuytsel Tim 
Published: August 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Real-time symptom reporting during ambulatory reflux monitoring plays a key role in the evaluation of esophageal symptoms, although the underlying processes are poorly understood. We aim to identify the psychological and physiological factors associated with real-time reflux symptom reporting and symptom–reflux association parameters.

METHODS:
Adult patients with refractory reflux symptoms completed psychosocial questionnaires and standard 24-hour pH-impedance monitoring. A hurdle-Poisson model evaluated the association between psychological and physiological (proton pump inhibitor [PPI] use, total number of reflux episodes) variables on real-time symptom frequency, assessed through a button press within 2 minutes of experiencing a symptom. Logistic regression assessed the variables associated with symptom association probability (SAP) and symptom index classification (positive/negative). Complementary machine learning analyses with 8-fold cross-validation further identified variables associated with symptom frequency and sought to optimize SAP classification performance.

RESULTS:
Both psychological (pain-related anxiety, depressive symptoms, trait anxiety) and physiological (total number of reflux episodes, off PPI during testing) variables were associated with symptom frequency. The total number of reflux episodes and being studied off PPI were significantly associated with a higher likelihood of being classified as SAP or symptom index positive. The best-performing model in the machine learning analysis demonstrated a poor job of correctly classifying patients as SAP positive/negative (misclassification rate = 41.4%).

DISCUSSION:
Real-time reflux symptom reporting is a multifactorial process, with both psychological and physiological processes contributing to different aspects of the reflux disease experience. Findings build on questionnaire-based research to underscore the importance of including psychological processes in our understanding of esophageal symptom reporting.
Spine and Sacroiliac Joint Involvement in Newly Diagnosed Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Clinical and MRI Findings From a Population-Based Cohort
Authors: Vladimirova Nora , Møller Jakob , Attauabi Mohamed , Madsen Gorm , Seidelin Jakob , Terslev Lene , Gosvig Kasper Kjærulf , Siebner Hartwig Roman , Hansen Sanja Bay , Fana Viktoria , Wiell Charlotte , Bendtsen Flemming , Burisch Johan , Østergaard Mikkel 
Published: August 2024

INTRODUCTION:
In patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), co-occurring spondyloarthritis (SpA) leads to poorer outcomes and impaired quality of life, highlighting the importance of early detection and effective treatment. This is the first study to assess the prevalence and distribution of axial symptoms and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-detected involvement of the spine and sacroiliac joints (SIJs) in early IBD.

METHODS:
Newly diagnosed patients with IBD from a prospective, population-based cohort were consecutively recruited. Rheumatological interview, clinical, ultrasound, and MRI assessment for SIJ and spine inflammatory and structural lesions were made using validated scoring methods and consensus definitions of axial SpA (axSpA).

RESULTS:
Of 110 patients (ulcerative colitis: 70, Crohn's disease: 40, mean age of 42 years, and 40% male), 48 (44.9%) reported back and/or buttock pain, and 10 (9.1%) had inflammatory back pain. Seventeen (16.7%) patients had MRI findings indicative of axSpA; only 10 of these patients had axial symptoms. Inflammatory MRI lesions were present in SIJs and the spine of 27 (26.5%) and 30 (30.3%) patients, respectively. The Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society classification criteria for axSpA were met in 11 (10%) cases. MRI findings typical of axSpA were associated with peripheral joint and entheseal inflammation detected by ultrasound (P = 0.04). No differences in clinical or imaging findings were found between patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.

DISCUSSION:
One-in-6 newly diagnosed patients with IBD had MRI findings indicative of axSpA. As 40% of these patients were asymptomatic, this suggests that axSpA is underdiagnosed in early IBD. Multidisciplinary collaboration is essential to ensure early detection of axial inflammation and to enable optimal therapy preventing future structural damage and disability.
Artistic and Critical Heritage of F.M. Dostoevsky: Based on Articles from the 1860s-1870s
Authors: Meshcherina Elena , Fedorov Andrei , Volkova Nina , Lobanova Julia , Panova Elena , Khripunova Elena , Jumanova Zulkhumar 
Published: August 2024

Dostoevsky's artistic-critical heritage contains an analysis of the concepts of realism and artistic truth, and the psychological method in art, which with it, art fulfill its humanistic function. In this regard, Realism includes the need to understand the deep problems of human life, and the study of their phenomenal side. This study aims to analyze the artistic and critical heritage of Dostoevsky, based on the articles of '60s-70s century. The descriptive method is used to meet that aim and several related sources are considered. The writer's statements about the essence and tasks of art in connection with specific events in artistic life in terms of the scale and depth of consideration of the problems raised, not only constitute the "golden fund" of Russian art criticism of the 19th century but also very useful from the point of view of modern problems of aesthetic perception and professional development of the artist. The review of the academic exhibition given by the writer includes an indication of the reasons for the formalistic understanding of realism in painting. That is mainly due to the shortcomings of academic education, which demonstrates clear tendencies towards utilitarianism, which contradicts a truly creative approach.
Does Nominal Wage Stickiness Affect Fiscal Multiplier in a Two-Agent New Keynesian Model?
Authors: Ida Daisuke , Okano Mitsuhiro 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study examines the effect of nominal wage stickiness on the fiscal multiplier in a two-agent new Keynesian model. We demonstrate that in the case of sticky nominal wages, an increased share of liquidity-constrained (LC) consumers decreases the money-financed (MF) fiscal multiplier. Our model shows that the fiscal multiplier under an MF regime outperforms that under a debt-financed (DF) regime. Under empirically plausible calibration, the benchmark model indicates that the MF government-spending multiplier is 1.5–3.0, whereas the DF multiplier is 0.8–1.5. We also find that an increased share of LC consumers magnifies the tax-cut multiplier in the cases of MF and DF regimes despite nominal wage stickiness.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies evaluating glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) as blood biomarkers of mild acute traumatic brain injury (mTBI) or sport-related concussion (SRC) in adult subjects
Authors: Mastandrea Paolo , Mengozzi Silvia , Bernardini Sergio 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Neurotrauma is the leading cause of death in individuals <45 years old. Many of the published articles on UCHL1 and GFAP lack rigorous methods and reporting.

Content
Due to the high heterogeneity between studies, we evaluated blood GFAP and UCHL1 levels in the same subjects. We determined the biomarker congruence among areas under the ROC curves (AUCs), sensitivities, specificities, and laboratory values in ng/L to avoid spurious results. The definitive meta-analysis included 1,880 subjects in eight studies. The items with the highest risk of bias were as follows: cut-off not prespecified and case-control design not avoided. The AUC of GFAP was greater than the AUC of UCHL1, with a lower prediction interval (PI) limit of 50.1 % for GFAP and 37.3 % for UCHL1, and a significantly greater percentage of GFAP Sp. The PI of laboratory results for GFAP and UCHL1 were 0.517–7,518 ng/L (diseased), 1.2–255 ng/L (nondiseased), and 3–4,180 vs. 3.2–1,297 ng/L, respectively.

Summary
Only the GFAP positive cut-off (255 ng/L) appears to be reliable. The negative COs appear unreliable.

Outlook
GFAP needs better standardization. However, the AUCs of the phospho-Tau and phospho-Tau/Tau proteins resulted not significantly lower than AUC of GFAP, but this result needs further verifications.
Kant und die metaethische Kritik der instrumentellen Rationalität
Authors: Thein Christian 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The article discusses the role of Immanuel Kant’s practical philosophy in recent attempts to reformulate the critique of instrumental reason formulated by Max Horkheimer from a metaethical point of view. Here, the focus is on the determination of the relationship between normative and rational aspects with regard to the deontological conception expressed by the imperatives. Using the example of the differing readings of Christine Korsgaard and Konstantin Pollok on the relevance of the hypothetical imperative introduced by Kant in the second section of the Grundlegung zur Metaphysik der Sitten for questions concerning metaethics and the theory of action, the author shows that Kant’s practical philosophy can be interpreted both as an affirmative theory and as a criticism of instrumental reason. With Pollok, the article argues on the one hand for a reading of Kant that emphasises the prevalence of the categorical imperative over the instrumental forms of action. Simultaneously, it points to the problems of relating Kantian theorems to the socio-philosophical problems of a critique of instrumental reason that takes an overarching view of philosophical, scientific and social developments.
Lug und Selbstbetrug
Authors: Weber Marc Andree 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
People who, by intention or negligence, deceive themselves put other people at risk of being misinformed. The paper argues that this kind of misinforming other people is to be avoided for largely the same reasons for which lying is to be avoided – regardless of what exactly these reasons are. This makes the ethical evaluation of self-deception in part dependent on the ethical evaluation of lying. In order to bring out this result as clearly as possible, detailed characterisations of the concepts of attempted deception, lying, and self-deception are given.
Hervaeus Natalis und Franz Brentano über Intentionalität als Merkmal des Mentalen
Authors: Cesalli Laurent , Girard Charles 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper compares the theories of Hervaeus Natalis and Franz Brentano on intentionality. It considers three questions: the status of the intentional object, the question of the definition of the intentional relation, and the identification of the mark of the mental. Throughout the study, the analysis of Aristotle’s works serves as a tertium comparationis between the two authors. Although the comparison reveals some similar approaches to the matter, it shows distinct strategies regarding the distinction between what is mental and what is not.
Single-ended protection scheme for three-terminal hybrid DC transmission system based on refractive coefficients
Authors: Wu Chuanjian , Li Kuan , Li Chenhao , Zhang Yan , Zhang Xiaodong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Three-terminal hybrid DC transmission technology has the advantages of long-distance and large capacity, and there is no phase change failure and other problems, which is an effective means of sending out new energy bases. Correspondingly, the reliability of the existing single-ended traveling wave protection is further degraded by the unknown fault characteristics introduced by the greater variety and combination of converters and add-ons in the three-terminal hybrid DC transmission system. Therefore, a single-ended protection scheme based on the refractive coefficient is proposed. First, an expression for the refraction coefficient of a three-terminal hybrid DC system is derived. Subsequently, the variability of the refraction coefficients for different faults is analyzed. Finally, a single-ended protection scheme using the fault characteristics of the refraction coefficients is proposed and validated by simulation. The program has the advantages of theoretical clarity, reliability, and the ability to recognize near-end faults.
Physicochemical properties in relation to the flow behavior of soybean meal
Authors: Du Yuxi , Han Xiaozhen , Wang Lingling , Wang Fengxuan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Caking of soybean meal during storage and the resultant difficulty in discharging from storage bin is a practical problem in animal feed‐related industries. This study investigated the physicochemical factors related to soybean meal flowability and the effect of anticaking agents. Results showed the soybean meal had a D50 of 389.1 µm and a D90 of 1.098 µm. The equilibrium relative humidity of soybean meal at various ambient temperatures ranged from 57 % to 69 %. Moisture had a major influence on soybean meal flowability and the critical moisture content for loss of free flow capacity was around 17.81 % (wet basis, wb). Soybean meal was characterized as amorphous by X‐ray diffraction analysis, and its glass transition temperature is greatly affected by the moisture content. The addition of silicon dioxide helps keep soybean meal free flowing when stored at a relative humidity of 90 % and a temperature of 45 °C possibly due to its low affinity for moisture. Overall, moisture absorption is perceived as the main factor causing the occurrence of caking of soybean meal.