bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Australian megafires alter predicted distribution of the southern greater glider (Petauroides volans)
Authors: Ridley Jenna C. H. , Marsh Karen , Lavery Tyrone , Blanchard Wade , Lindenmayer David , Evans Maldwyn J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAltered fire regimes and the increased frequency and/or severity of wildfires are significant issues for fire‐sensitive species. In the Austral summer of 2019/2020, Australia experienced one of the worst fire seasons in recorded history (known as the 2019/2020 megafires), affecting 12.6 million hectares of eastern Australia. The Endangered southern greater glider (Petauroides volans) inhabits large areas impacted by the 2019/2020 megafires. With increasing fire severity, frequency, and intensity, there is a need to understand where in the landscape southern greater gliders are most impacted by fire, and where the species is most likely to persist in fire‐affected landscapes. This is challenging given the lack of systematic data collected for this species. Maximum entropy modelling (Maxent) is a type of species distribution model with good predictive performance for presence‐only records. We used Maxent to model the distribution of the southern greater glider in the two years prior (2017–2019) and two years post (2020–2022) megafire across the East Gippsland region of Victoria, an area heavily affected by the 2019/2020 megafires. Whilst we found that the predicted short‐term area of occurrence of the southern greater glider remained relatively stable in the two years after megafire, a large area of marginal habitat was considerably reduced. We interpret this result as a potential contraction of suitable habitat where southern greater gliders may become isolated. Post fire, higher elevation areas and locations that experienced comparatively lower fire severity and a lower fire frequency had a higher predicted occurrence of the southern greater glider. Understanding the role of fire in species survival is essential for effective biodiversity conservation and management of species. More comprehensive and systematic monitoring in suitable and unsuitable areas will enhance our understanding of the distribution of the southern greater glider, including areas subject to wildfire.
Dexmedetomidine HCL (BXCL501) as a potential treatment for alcohol use disorder and comorbid PTSD: A phase 1b, placebo‐controlled crossover laboratory study
Authors: Petrakis Ismene L. , Nolen Tracy , Vandergrift Nathan , Hirsch Shawn , Krystal John H. , De Vivo Michael , Sabados Jeff , Pisani Emily , Newcomb Jenelle , Kosten Thomas R. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesNoradrenergic dysregulation is important in the pathophysiology of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD); pharmacotherapies targeting adrenergic function have potential as treatment for comorbidity. Dexmedetomidine (sublingual film formulation—BXCL501; IGALMI) is a highly potent, selective ⍺2‐adrenergic receptor agonist and may be superior to other pharmacotherapeutic approaches. A within subjects, phase 1b safety laboratory study was conducted to evaluate adverse effects of BXCL501 when combined with alcohol; BXCL501's potential efficacy was also explored.MethodsHeavy drinker participants with a diagnosis of or who were at risk for PTSD participated in three separate test days which included pretreatment with BXCL501 (40 µg, 80 µg or placebo) administered in a randomized, double‐blind fashion, followed by three testing conditions: alcohol cue reactivity, trauma‐induced reactivity, and IV ethanol administration. Safety outcomes included blood pressure (BP) and sedation. Exploratory outcomes included alcohol craving, trauma‐induced anxiety and craving and subjective effects of alcohol.ResultsTen of twelve randomized participants competed the entire study. BXCL501 (80 µg) was associated with expected mild changes in BP and sedation; administration with alcohol did not affect those parameters. There were no clinically significant adverse effects. BXCL501 attenuated trauma‐induced anxiety and attenuated subjective effects of alcohol.Discussions and ConclusionsBXCL501 is safe for use in humans who may drink alcohol while undergoing treatment. BXCL501 may be explored as a potential treatment for PTSD and AUD.Scientific SignificanceThis is the first study to provide scientific support for BXCL501's potential to treat PTSD and comorbid AUD.
Island geologic connections: Reimagining Guernsey's spatial dynamics through land–sea–geologic relations, past and present
Authors: Ferbrache Fiona 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper explores the resizing, reshaping and connectivity of islands by examining ongoing relations between land and sea in the context of the Channel Island of Guernsey. Ideas of materiality, temporality and vertical depth are employed to explore how contemporary tides and past sea‐level change impact island–island connections, and island–mainland connections between Guernsey and France. By focusing on the littoral zone as a space of encounter between land and sea, the paper explores some of the processes that challenge the notion of an island having fixed edges, emphasising the island's shape and size as always in flux. The paper then explores how tides alternatively reveal and hide material structures such as rocks and causeways, making the underwater scape temporally visible and differently accessible as an extension of land. It enables connections to be made and remade. This is demonstrated through the example of Guernsey and the tidal island of Lihou. The paper subsequently considers these ideas in the context of Quaternary sea‐level change. The land known as Guernsey alternated between literal island surrounded by water, and a steep‐sided plateau on the Normanno‐Breton plain, coinciding with interglacials and glacials. This connection is referred to as geologic. I argue that by acknowledging Guernsey's former visible connection with France, lack of contemporary visibility in the underwater scape does not render this a disconnection. Rather, the geologic, as further evidenced in the contemporary natural and built environment of Guernsey, continues through an underwater scape. It reappears in other Channal Islands and France, demonstrating ongoing connections at a land–sea–geologic interface. The paper argues for geology as a form of vertical depth. It calls for greater consideration of the geologic in the human geographical study of islands.
Linking trends of habitat types and plant species using repeated habitat mapping data
Authors: Lüttgert Lina , Jansen Florian , Kaufmann Rico , Seidler Gunnar , Wedler Axel , Bruelheide Helge 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimsTrends in the extent of habitat types and species frequencies might not follow a simple pattern. However, data that are able to link those trends are scarce. Here, we use data from a repeated habitat mapping program to test consistency between habitat type and species change.LocationFederal state of Baden‐Württemberg, Germany.MethodsWe derived temporal trends over several decades concerning: (a) the extent of all protected habitat types across the state, (b) plant species across the state, and (c) plant species within habitat types. We tested the consistency between trends in the extent of every protected habitat type with trends of those species that prefer that particular habitat type, as well as with mean trends of all species that occur within that particular habitat type.ResultsWe found that, on average, most protected habitat types decreased in area, with the exception of forests, which showed positive trends. Species analysis showed positive trends for species preferring the habitat types scrubs, copses and field hedges, as well as bog, carr, swamp and alluvial forests. By contrast, negative trends were found for species preferring the habitat types heaths and semi‐natural grasslands, meadows and pastures. While non‐native species increased, species that were considered endangered decreased. A species’ trend across Baden‐Württemberg mostly followed the trend of the species’ preferred habitat type. However, within some habitat types, the mean species’ trend did not follow the trend of those habitat types’ extent. Decreasing species within habitat types were especially those that preferred each particular habitat type.ConclusionsOur results point to an ongoing turnover of floristic composition, and thus to changes in habitat quality within habitat types. This implies that future monitoring programs should track temporal trends of both habitat types and the species occurring in these habitat types as a measure of habitat quality, because they can show diverging trends.
Optimal self‐insurance with genetic testing and state‐dependent utility
Authors: Crainich David 
Published: August 2024

AbstractI analyze how genetic testing modifies prevention actions that reduce the health and financial consequences of disease. Specifically, I determine whether individuals adjust their prevention behaviour according to the available genetic information when insurers are allowed to use test results for rate‐making purposes (laissez‐faire) and when they are not (information ban). I show that individuals exploit genetic information in the laissez‐faire regime. In the information ban regime, they do so when separating equilibria prevail, but not in case of a pooling equilibrium. None of these equilibria, however, leads to the maximization of the social welfare function. I, therefore, discuss for each potential scenario the instruments likely to restore optimality.
‘How can you be friends with that fatty?’: The othered body in narratives on weight‐based bullying
Authors: Eriksson Anna , Horton Paul 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWeight bias in educational settings can lead to bullying and have a severe negative impact on the mental well‐being and educational experiences of school children. Indeed, extensive research has shown that children who are labelled overweight are more likely to be victims of school bullying and that weight‐based bullying can lead to loss of self‐esteem, lower self‐confidence, social isolation, higher levels of anxiety and the development of psychosomatic issues. In this article, we utilise Butler's concepts of performativity and othering to analyse three written narrative accounts of weight‐based bullying in schools, published in the Swedish newspaper Aftonbladet. In doing so, we adopt a narrative approach to not only investigate how the narrators depict the bullying they were subjected to in their childhood and the effects it had on them, but also how they position themselves in their narratives. Two themes, ‘performative othering’ and ‘a changeable body’, are identified in the narratives. These demonstrate how the narrators were co‐constructed as different, othered and dehumanised, and how the normative cruelties to which they were subjected as children served to police their corporeality in line with societal ideals. Taken together, our findings point to the importance of listening to the stories of those subjected to bullying and not only addressing bullying in terms of the negative actions taken, but also in relation to broader societal norms.
The EAO Junior Committee—History, present and future activities
Authors: Becker Kathrin , Paterno Holtzman Lucrezia , Alexopoulou Maria‐Angeliki , Gil Alfonso , Pirc Miha , Pitta Joao , Patel Viraj , Feher Balazs 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the evolution and aims of the European Association for Osseointegration (EAO) Junior Committee (JC).Materials and MethodsFormer members of the EAO JC and members of the board were interviewed, and current projects and initiatives were summarized.ResultsThe EAO JC was launched in 2007 as the first young committee in Europe. Despite initial skepticism, it became a famous initiative, and the concept was copied by other dental and medical associations and societies. Since 2010, the committee organizes summer camps allowing young talents to discuss, network and interact beyond traditional boundaries.ConclusionsThe EAO JC is giving fresh energy to the entire society and provides education and network opportunities for young clinicians and scientists.
Estimated economic costs of dental implants among older South Korean adults, 2015–2018
Authors: Go Hyeonjeong , Ahn Jeonghoon , Ahn Song Vogue , Shin Hosung , Amano Atsuo , Choi Youn‐Hee 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveDental implants are a considerable financial burden for elderly people and their caregivers. This study aimed to calculate the estimated economic costs of dental implants on the Korean older population.Materials and MethodsThe economic costs of dental implants for adults aged 75 years and older were estimated from a societal perspective, considering both direct and indirect expenditures. We used data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service for the period 2015–2018 to estimate the medical costs. Noninsured medical costs were estimated from research on medical expenses by the National Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. Indirect costs related to transportation fees and time loss were obtained. The Cochran Armitage trend test was performed to examine the trend of the economic burden of dental implants.ResultsThe estimated economic costs showed from 2015 to 2018 (total costs: $26.54–55.66 million, total costs after discount: $17.11–39.56 million). Direct costs, including insured and noninsured medical costs, represented from $25.81 to $47.03 million. Indirect costs, including transportation and time costs, ranged from $0.73 to $1.63 million. The impact of the total dental implant costs was 0.0018%–0.0034% of the Korean annual gross domestic product and 1.03%–1.59% of the annual total costs of dental care benefits.ConclusionsThe estimated economic burden of dental implants significantly increased from 2015 to 2018 in older South Korean adults. These results will provide a foundation and guidance for further health economic studies on the burden of dental implants in the elderly population.
Unravelling the ties that bind: The intersection of obesity, osteoarthritis, and inflammatory pathways with emphasis on glucagon‐like peptide‐1 agonists
Authors: Jamal Naadir , Hollabaugh William , Scott Leon , Takkouche Sahar 
Published: August 2024

SummaryThis narrative review article explores the complex interplay between obesity, osteoarthritis, and their associated inflammatory cascades, offering a deeper understanding of the underlying of mechanisms of inflammation and potential therapeutic interventions targeting both diseases. Through examination of the shared inflammatory pathway of obesity and osteoarthritis, our objective is to directly elucidate the relationship between these two conditions, highlighting the promising role of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 agonists in modulating inflammation and its therapeutic implications for patients with obesity and osteoarthritis.
Bazedoxifene Inhibits Cell Viability, Colony‐Forming Activity, and Cell Migration in Human Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells and Improves the Treatment Efficacy of Paclitaxel and Gemcitabine
Authors: Huang Yaochen , Lin Jiayuh , Fu Xiangning , Li Lequn , Fu Shenging 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundBazedoxifene is a third‐generation selective estrogen receptor modulator that inhibits the IL6/IL6R/GP130 signaling pathway by inhibiting IL6‐induced homodimerization of GP130. Considering that the IL6/IL6R/GP130 signaling pathway is important in tumorigenesis and metastasis, bazedoxifene is thought to have an antitumor effect, which has been proven preliminarily in breast cancer and pancreatic cancer but has not yet been studied in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study is aimed at evaluating the antitumor effect of bazedoxifene in NSCLC.MethodsA549 and H1299 NSCLC cell lines were employed and exposed to various concentrations of bazedoxifene, paclitaxel, gemcitabine, and their combinations for cell viability, colony formation, and wound healing assays to demonstrate the antitumor effect of bazedoxifene with or without paclitaxel or gemcitabine.ResultsMTT cell viability, colony formation, and wound healing assays showed that bazedoxifene was capable of inhibiting cell viability, colony formation, and cell migration in a dose‐dependent manner. In addition, bazedoxifene was capable of working with paclitaxel or gemcitabine synergistically to inhibit cell viability, colony formation, and cell migration.ConclusionThis study demonstrated the potential antitumor effect of bazedoxifene and its ability to improve the treatment efficacy of paclitaxel and gemcitabine.
Dose‐dependent induction of CYP3A activity by St. John's wort alone and in combination with rifampin
Authors: Hohmann Nicolas , Friedrichs Anna S. , Burhenne Jürgen , Blank Antje , Mikus Gerd , Haefeli Walter E. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe dose dependence of the effect of enzyme inducers and the effect of the combined administration of two inducers that exert their effect via the same induction pathway (pregnane X receptor) have not been well studied. Using oral midazolam microdoses (30 μg), we have investigated CYP3A4 induction by St. John's wort (SJW) in 11 healthy volunteers using low (300 mg/day containing 7.48 mg hyperforin), therapeutic (900 mg/day), and supratherapeutic doses of SJW (1800 mg/day) for 14 days. SJW was then co‐administered with rifampin (600 mg/day) for a further 7 days to evaluate the effect of the combined administration of two inducers. In addition, intravenous midazolam microdoses (10 μg) were administered before SJW, at SJW 1800 mg/day, and during administration of the two inducers to assess the hepatic contribution to total induction (semi‐simultaneous administration). Administration of SJW increased oral midazolam clearance 1.96‐fold (300 mg/day), 3.86‐fold (900 mg/day), and 5.62‐fold (1800 mg/day), and 17.5‐fold after the addition of rifampin. Concurrently, the clearance of intravenous midazolam increased 2.05‐fold (1800 mg/day) and 2.93‐fold (SJW + rifampin). These results show that rifampin significantly enhances the induction of the highest SJW doses both hepatically and overall and suggest that these metabolic effects occur predominantly in the gut. These findings also suggest that in drug interactions involving strong and moderate enzyme inducers, the perpetrator effects of the strong inducer are decisive for the interaction.
Wild Things: Planning for children in a traditional art museum
Authors: Middleton Margaret , Greenwald Diana 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn 2022, Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum opened the temporary exhibition Drawing the Curtain: Maurice Sendak's Designs for Ballet and Opera. Predicting most visitors would know Sendak as the creator of children's books such as Where the Wild Things Are, the Gardner team decided to consider families with children as potential visitors. Though the Gardner regularly offers family guides and children's programming, this would be the first time the Museum would explicitly welcome children in an exhibition. The result was a unique exhibition experience that visitors of a variety of ages could enjoy together. This article describes the process the team used to develop and design the exhibition, told from the perspectives of the fine arts curator and children's museum designer who worked together to make it happen.
Pathogenic relevance of antibodies against desmoglein 3 in patients with oral lichen planus
Authors: Didona Dario , Schmidt Morna F. , Meier Katharina , Mesas‐Fernandez Alberto , Maglie Roberto , Antiga Emiliano , Klemp Marisa , Yazdi Amir S. , Ghoreschi Kamran , Hertl Michael , Möbs Christian , Solimani Farzan 
Published: August 2024

SummaryBackground and objectivesOral lichen planus (OLP) is a T cell driven disorder that significantly impairs patients’ quality of life. Previous reports suggest that both cellular and humoral activities against desmoglein (dsg) 1 and 3 may be involved in OLP pathogenesis. Here, we aim to analyze the frequency of occurrence and pathological significance of anti‐dsg antibodies in a large cohort of OLP patients.Materials and methodsOLP patients were screened for anti‐dsg antibodies by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in three tertiary referral centers. OLP sera with anti‐dsg antibodies were further analyzed by Western blot and dispase‐based keratinocyte dissociation assay (DDA) to identify the targeted dsg ectodomains and to assess their pathogenicity.ResultsOf 151‐screened individuals with OLP, only four patients (2.6%) with erosive OLP showed serum IgG against dsg1/3. Western blot analysis with recombinant dsg3 ectodomains revealed preferential recognition of the extracellular domain 5. By DDA with spontaneously immortalized human keratinocytes, none of the sera from these four patients induced acantholysis.ConclusionsActivation of humoral immunity occurs prevalently in patients with erosive OLP, probably due to epitope spreading. OLP serum antibodies are unable to induce loss of intercellular adhesion in vitro, strongly suggesting that they are not disease causing but rather an epiphenomenon.
The Knife is Still in Our Backs: Reparations Washing and the Limits of Reparatory Justice Campaigns
Authors: Andrews Kehinde 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTThe Black Lives Matter movement of 2020 has placed reparations firmly on the international agenda. This article discusses the concept of ‘reparations washing’ with reference to the measures of two British businesses, Greene King and Lloyd's of London, in acknowledgement of their historical roots in the slave trade, and the Government of the Netherlands’ public apology for the country's history of slavery. Reparations washing occurs when corporations or governments give a token nod to reparatory justice to enhance their image and to absolve them of institutional guilt. The article employs Malcolm X's metaphor of slavery, as sticking a knife into the back of the enslaved, to argue that in order to repair the harm caused, the knife needs to be removed and the wound healed. It then analyses the reparations demands contained in CARICOM's Ten Point Plan for Reparatory Justice which exposes the limits of reparatory justice campaigns. The paradox of reparations campaigns is that they ultimately leave intact a system founded on White supremacy and the exploitation of the Global South. It is therefore impossible for reparations to be realized without bringing an end to the current political and economic system. The article concludes that, ultimately, the value of reparations campaigns lies in their highlighting the need for revolution.
Global Reparations Agenda for Afrodescendants: An Overview of Recent Developments and the Way Forward
Authors: Enyia Amara 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTThe push for reparations for Africans and people of African descent extends back generations, yet has gained substantial momentum since 2020 — a global inflection point that exemplified the polycrises facing the planet, including the global COVID‐19 pandemic, worldwide uprisings against state and police violence in response to the murder of George Floyd in the United States, stark income inequality, and multiple natural disasters. Against this backdrop, reparations advocacy became more visible and gained traction. This article explores the enabling factors that have contributed to this heightened visibility and the dynamics that have created a more global reparations agenda. It also provides a roadmap with emergent areas of caution and guidance for reparations advocates as they advance the work.