bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
”Kun virkapukuinen henkilö nimenomaan häntä käski” – poliisien toiminta laittomuuden rajamailla 1930-luvulla
Authors: Ovaskainen Pirjo 
Published: February 2025

Poliisien tekemät rikokset ovat jääneet suomalaisessa historiantutkimuksessa vähälle huomiolle, eikä aihe ole aikaisemmin kiinnostanut tutkijoita. Tässä tutkimuksessa nostetaan esille kaksi erilaista tapausta 1930-luvun Suomesta, joissa poliisit ovat toimineet joko laillisuuden rajamailla tai jopa lakia rikkoen. Tapahtumat joko sijoittuvat anniskeluravintolaan tai poliisin kohteena oli anniskeluravintola. Tämän artikkelin tavoitteena on pohtia, syyllistyivätkö poliisit laittomuuksiin sen aikaisen lainsäädännön valossa ja, jos syyllistyivät, millaisia rangaistuksia heille olisi pitänyt antaa. Yhteiskunta oli tuolloin poliittisesti kahtia jakaantunut ja se vaikutti myös poliisien identiteettiin, koulutukseen ja toimintaan. Arvostus poliisia kohtaan oli vaihtelevaa, samoin kuin oli itse poliisivoimien aines. Menetelmällisesti tutkimus nojautuu tapaustutkimukseen, tarkemmin välineelliseen tapaustutkimukseen (collective case study). Tutkimuksen perusteella voidaan sanoa poliisien syyllistyneen vähintään rikkeisiin, mutta myös rikoksiin. Heitä ei kuitenkaan koskaan syytetty eivätkä siten saaneet tuomiota kyseisistä tapauksista.
Crimes committed by the police have received only little attention in Finnish historical research. Historians have not been interested in the subject. This study highlights two different cases from Finland in the 1930s where police officers have acted either on the verge of legality or even in against of the law. The incidents either took place in a licensed restaurant or target were licensed restaurant. The aim of this article is to consider whether the police officers committed unlawful acts in light of the legislation of the time and if so, what punishments they should have been given. In some respects, society and attitudes towards police in the 1930s were very different from today´s. The society were politically divided which also affected the training and job of police officers. Respect for the police was varied, as were the elements of the police force itself. Methodologically, the study is based on a case study, more specifically an instrumental case study. Based on the research, it can be said that the police have committed at least violations, but also crimes. However, they were never charged and therefore did not receive a conviction in those cases.
”Bobbyjen” ihannevaltakunta. Suomalaisen poliisin käsityksiä Britannian virkaveljistä maailmansotien välillä
Authors: Vares Vesa 
Published: February 2025

Artikkelissa tarkastellaan suomalaisen poliisin kuvaa Britannian poliisista, sen tehtävistä, asemasta, menestyksestä ja vaikutuksesta omassa yhteiskunnassaan maailmansotien välisellä ajalla. Lähteenä on käytetty ajan suomalaisia poliisin ammattilehtiä. Arkistotasolle tämän kaltainen ilmiö ei ole jättänyt lähteitä. Brittiläinen poliisi edusti suomalaiselle poliisille monella tasolla roolimallin arvoista hahmoa. Englannin poliisi oli tehokas, toimiva ja käytännöllinen, sen nauttima suosio kansalaisten keskuudessa ja materiaalinen asema olivat paremmat kuin Suomessa, ja brittiläisissä tavoissa oli oma pikantti eksotiikkansa. Britanniaa pidettiin edelläkävijänä myös naispoliisien merkityksen osalta. Englannista löytyi esikuvallisuutta myös poliisin ay-henkisille jäsenille. ”Bobbyjen” kansansuosiota ihailtiin ja suorastaan idealisoitiin, samoin Scotland Yardin ammatillista mahtavuutta. Tämä muistutti suuresti sitä, millainen kuva Britanniasta oli suomalaisten poliitikkojen ja muiden yhteiskuntasektorien piirissä. Viime kädessä Britannia oli kuitenkin kaukana, ja suora vaikutus tai suorat kontaktit jäivät niukoiksi. Saksa ja Pohjoismaat olivat viime kädessä arjessa ja ammatissa tutumpia suomalaiselle poliisille.
This article looks into the image which the Finnish police entertained about the British colleagues between the World Wars: the tasks, position, success and influence of these in the British society. The article uses the Finnish policemen’s professional periodicals as its source. The British policeman was often considered as a worthy role model by his Finnish colleagues. He was considered efficient, functional and to have practical common sense, and his popularity among the public and his material circumstances exceeded those of the Finnish policemen. There was seen some fascinating exoticism in the British traditions and manners as well. Britain was considered to be one of the frontrunners also in advancing the cause of women in the police forces, and it even gave an example of trade union movement among the policemen. The popularity of the “bobbies” among the public was admired and even idealized, and so was the professional might of Scotland Yard. However, at the end of the day Britain was far from Finland, and direct influence and direct contacts remained scarce. Germany and Scandinavia were more familiar to the Finnish police in day-to-day professional practices.
Effectiveness of Assertiveness Training on Self-esteem and Assertiveness among Nursing Students
Authors: Anuradha Kumari  , Nanda Kumar Paniyadi  , Priyanka Singh  , Roshna Lytton  , Dishani Harh  
Published: February 2025

Background: Assertiveness is a communication style based on taking a stand for your rights, expressing your thoughts, beliefs & feelings honestly and directly. It facilitates understanding and promotes a balanced relationship, reducing communication-based malpractices in nursing. Evaluating the effectiveness of assertiveness training among B.Sc. (Hons.) Nursing students on assertiveness and self-esteem was the aim of this study.
Method: An assertiveness training program was prepared and implemented on 45 nursing students via a one-day, 3-hour interactive face-to-face workshop after the pre-test. Once in a week, follow-up was done for 4 weeks. Post-tests were done on 7th and 30th day after the intervention. Data collection tools were Begley and Glacken’s Assertiveness Scale and Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale.
Result: The participants’ mean assertiveness score increased from pre-test 68.69±6.57 to post-test173.67±5.71 to post-test275.00±5.52. Self-esteem scores increased from pre-test15.22±3.84 to post-test116.98±2.64 to post-test219.31±3.27. A significant increase in the scores was seen in ANOVA and post hoc analysis (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Assertiveness training can be an effective measure of improving self-esteem and teaching assertive communication skills to nursing students. This will help in producing assertive nurses in the future.
Facilitating Nursing Students’ Clinical Education Continuity Utilizing Collaborative Critical Friendship Approach: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Siham M. Al-Momani  , Yahya W. Najjar  , Maissa’ T. Shawagfeh  , Alaa A. Bsool  , Abeer A. AL-Zayyat  , Maha D. Hdaib  , Munadel R. Al-Khatib  , Ayat Da’seh  
Published: February 2025

Background: Persisted clinical changes in response to COVID-19 obliged nursing education faculties to search for the best quality approaches in clinical nursing education. The critical friendship approach is utilized as a mutual peer learning approach aimed to help the nursing students who participated in the study to adequately achieve their curriculum objectives, and meet the policies and procedures inflected in clinical education without any additional staff, time, or cost. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of a new mutual peer learning clinical teaching-learning approach “critical friendship” approach.
Methods: the study design was a quasi-posttest-only static–group design, and conducted in dedicated education units - Acute care units in two dedicated education practice placements, four units in each practice placement with 32-bed inpatient. First and second years of associate degree nursing students participated in this study. An innominate self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data.
Results: The senior and junior students positively evaluated their experiences in participation in the piloted approach. Furthermore, implementing the piloted approach did not affect the policies and procedures of clinical education and the clinical training passed as it was supposed to be without any additional staff, time, or cost. The critical friendship approach made nursing students more self-confident, safe, relaxed, and more committed to the nursing code of ethics with a strong emphasis on privacy to self and others during clinical training.
Conclusion: It is essential to be actively engaged in such learning methodologies as the critical friendship approach. To form a higher quality and safer learning environment, further planning based on appropriate systematic evaluation, using larger groups of students and educators, the effect of the critical friendship approach on patient satisfaction and students’ learning outcomes is recommended.
Desafíos de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) y la Inteligencia Artificial (IA) en el aula
Authors: Torres Reyes Aura María 
Published: February 2025

La literatura actual respalda ampliamente la adopción de las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC) e Inteligencia Artificial (IA) en el aula impulsada por organismos multilaterales. Sin embargo, su apropiación ha conllevado la aparición de problemáticas asociadas a su uso en diversos escenarios. El objetivo de este documento es analizar los desafíos que plantean las TIC, así como la IA en el ámbito educativo. Se destacan aquellos relacionados con la protección de datos y privacidad, comportamientos problemáticos vinculados a la tecnología, impactos en la salud mental, física y en las interacciones sociales, así como el poder excluyente de la tecnología. Además, se advierte sobre posibles disrupciones que podrían cambiar la normalidad en un futuro cercano. En conclusión, un desafío general será resolver cómo beneficiarse de las TIC, IA y convergentes, al mismo tiempo que se protege a la comunidad educativa de sus riesgos.
HUBUNGAN POLA ASUH IBU TERHADAP KEJADIAN STUNTING PADA BALITA (USIA 24 – 59 BULAN)
Authors: Kasih Purwati  , Ibrahim  , M. Alfiansyah  
Published: February 2025

Latar Belakang : Stunting adalah keadaan gagal tumbuh pada anak berusia di bawah lima tahun akibat dari kekurangan gizi kronis serta infeksi berulang terutamapada periode 1.000 Hari Pertama Kehidupan (HPK), yaitu janin hingga anak berusia 24 bulan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui apakah ada hubungan pola asuh Ibu terhadap kejadian stunting pada balita (usia 24-59 bulan) di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Batu Aji Kota Batam.
Metode : Metode penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif, yang mengunakan pendekatan observasional analitik, dengan rancangan penelitian case control yang dilakukan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Batu Aji Kota Batam. Teknik pengambilan sampel yaitu purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 82 responden. Data di analisis dengan menggunakan uji chi square.
Hasil : Hasil penelitian pada 82 responden terdapat hubungan yang bermakna anatara Pola Asuh Ibu terhadap stunting balita usia 24-59 bulan dengan nilai p value = 0,000 (<0,05) dengan probabilitas sebesar 9,969 dibulatkan menjadi 10,0 CI 95%
Simpulan : Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan anatara Pola Asuh Ibu terhadap stunting
balita usia 24-59 bulan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Batu Aji tahun 2022.

Kata Kunci : Pola Asuh Ibu, Stunting, Balita
HUBUNGAN MITRAL VALVE GRADIENT TERHADAP KAPASITAS FUNGSIONAL PROTOKOL BRUCE TERMODIFIKASI PADA STENOSIS MITRAL RHEUMATIK PASCA KOMISUROTOMI MITRAL TRANSKATETER PERKUTAN (KMTP)
Authors: Surya marthias  , Amiliana Mardiani Soesanto  , Ade Meidian Ambari  , Basuni Radi  , Amir Aziz AlKatiri  
Published: February 2025

Abstrak
Latar belakang: Studi sebelumnya menyimpulkan bahwa MVG merupakan parameter yang berhubungan perbaikan gejala pasca KMTP.
Tujuan: Evaluasi hubungan MVG terhadap perubahan kapasitas fungsional pasca KMTP.
Metode: Studi quasi experimental dilakukan terhadap 78 subjek. Pemeriksaan ekokardiografi dan treadmill Bruce termodifikasi dilakukan 1-2 hari sebelum dan 1-2 minggu setelah KMTP. Data sebelum dan setelah KMTP dianalisis untuk mencari hubungan variabel terhadap perbaikan kapasitas fungsional pasca KMTP.
Hasil: Rerata usia adalah 42 tahun, mayoritas perempuan, dan rerata IMT 22,27 kg/m2. Sebelum KMTP, 53% memiliki irama sinus dengan mayoritas memiliki fungsi ventrikel kiri yang baik dan ventrikal kanan yang baik. Sebesar 97% pasien datang dengan kelas NYHA II sebelum KMTP dan mengalami perbaikan signifikan kapasitas fungsional berupa perbaikan median lama latihan (241 ke 603 detik, p < 0,001) dan perbaikan median nilai VO2max estimasi (18,8 ke 32,8 mlO2/kg/menit, p<0,001). Dari uji korelasi, didapatkan variabel usia (r -0,23, adjusted R2=4,1%), pre-MVG (r 0,23, adjusted R2=4,2%), ∆ MVG (r 0,31, adjusted R2= 9,0%), dan pre-TR Vmax (r 0,3, adjusted R2=1,3%) berkorelasi terhadap perubahan kapasitas fungsional. Penurunan MVG > 50 % pasca KMTP (OR 2,89, p = 0,038) dan TR Vmax sebelum KMTP > 3,4 m/s (OR 3,42, p = 0,023) menjadi prediktor perbaikan kapasitas fungsional segera pasca KMTP.
Kesimpulan: Penurunan MVG lebih dari 50% pasca KMTP berhubungan dengan perbaikan kapasitas fungsional segera pasca KMTP.

Kata Kunci: fungsional, KMTP, lama latihan, MVG, stenosis mitral
HUBUNGAN PENGGUNAAN KONTRASEPSI HORMONAL DENGAN KEJADIAN STROKE
Authors: Yusmahenry Galindra  , Erika Kusumawardani  , Aulia Cesarany  
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
Background: Stroke is a condition characterized by local and global neurological disorders that can progress, continue for more than 24 hours, and result in death. One of the risk factors for stroke is the use of contraception. Hormonal contraceptives containing estrogen and progesterone can significantly change the coagulation system by increasing the activity of thrombin and clotting factors and reducing the action of natural anticoagulants.
Methods: : This type of research uses the Case Control method with an analytical observational approach. The study population was all stroke sufferers recorded in the medical records at RSBK in 2023, totaling 155 patients. This study used a sample of 80 patients. Where 40 patients were controls and 40 patients were cases.
Results: The results of the Chi-Square analysis test show that the use of hormonal contraceptives is not related to the incidence of stroke at Budi Kemuliaan Hospital, Batam City in 2023 with a value of p=0.70 (>0.05).

Conclusion: Based on the research results, it was found that there was no significant relationship between the use of hormonal contraception and the incidence of stroke at Budi Kemuliaan Hospital, Batam City in 2023.
Keywords: Hormonal Contraception, Stroke, Used
FAKTOR FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEJADIAN LOW BACK PAIN PADA PEKERJA LAUNDRY
Authors: Dahlan Gunawan  , Andi Ipaljri Saputra  , Aplan jumadi  
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
Background: Low Back Pain is a common health problem worldwide that often results in activity limitations and absenteeism from work.
Methods: The method of this research is an observational analytical sample ninth in this study using nonprobability sampling method with accidental sampler technique with a sample number of 97 respondents. Data is the primary data of the questionnaire. Data analysis using univariate and bivariate analysis. with accidental sampling technique with a sample size of 97 respondents.
Results: The results of the study showed several factors that cause Low Back Pain in laundry workers: age, body position, and repetition that causes low back pains. The p-value is obtained in a sequence of p = 0.795, p = 0.010, p = 0,001. Significant factors affecting the occurrence of Low Back Pain are body position and repetition, while age is not significant.
Conclusion: Based on the Chi-Square correlation results, there is a significant relationship between body position and repetition with Low Back Pain incidents, whereas age has no significant relationship to low back pains in laundry workers.

Keywords: Low Back Pain, Laundry worker
Evaluación del Comercio Internacional y su Influencia en la Economía Ecuatoriana
Authors: Torres Lara Fernanda Lizzbeth , Loor Saldarriaga Angel Oswaldo , Flores Tunja Jonnathan Raúl , Meneses Segura Vanessa Lizeth , Rivera Peñafiel Marcela Jacqueline 
Published: February 2025

Ecuador ha implementado diversas políticas comerciales y ha firmado acuerdos de libre comercio (TLC) que han tenido un impacto significativo en su economía. Este estudio se enfoca en cómo estos convenios han influido en el desarrollo y la balanza comercial, especialmente en las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas (MiPymes), que representan aproximadamente el 7,6% del total de empresas en el país y emplean alrededor del 35% de la fuerza laboral (Corporación Financiera Nacional, 2023). El análisis examina los efectos de los Tratados de Libre Comercio en la competitividad de las MiPymes, considerando tanto las oportunidades de acceso a nuevos mercados como los desafíos que enfrentan. También se evalúa el aumento en las exigencias de calidad y productividad en el contexto global. Sectores como la agricultura, la manufactura, el textil y los servicios han logrado avances, a pesar de la intensa competencia internacional. Además, se revisan las políticas de apoyo del gobierno, como los estímulos fiscales, la capacitación y el acceso a financiamiento, con el fin de fortalecer a las MiPymes. Sin embargo, la efectividad de estas políticas sigue siendo objeto de debate, ya que muchas empresas aún luchan por adaptarse a un comercio mundial en constante cambio. En conclusión, la investigación sugiere que, aunque los Tratados de Libre Comercio han abierto oportunidades para el crecimiento y la inversión, Ecuador necesita estrategias específicas para que las MiPymes superen los obstáculos y aprovechen los beneficios de la liberalización comercial (Gómez & Paredes, 2022).
Association Between Depressive Symptoms and Self-Reported Physical Activity in Persons With Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Rathbun Alan M. , Ryan Alice S. , Shardell Michelle D. , Dong Yu , Beamer Brock A. , Luborsky Mark , Hochberg Marc C. 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveDepressive symptoms are common in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and reduce energy, motivation, and movement; thus, declines in physical activity (PA) could worsen as clinical disease progresses. The objective was to evaluate the longitudinal relationship between depressive symptoms and self-reported PA over time among persons with KOA.MethodsThe sample included Osteoarthritis Initiative participants (N = 2602) with radiographic disease (Kellgren-Lawrence grade ≥ 2). Depressive symptoms were measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D; score ≥ 16) at baseline and first 3 follow-up visits. Self-reported PA was assessed with the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) at the first 4 follow-up visits. Marginal structural models controlling for time-invariant and time-varying confounders evaluated the longitudinal relationship between depressive symptoms and PASEzscores.ResultsDepressive symptoms were associated with lower PA (β –0.09; 95% CI –0.20 to 0.01) over time, but the relationship was not statistically significant. When including depressive symptoms-by-time interactions, the relationship was nonlinear from the first to fourth follow-up visit: visit 1 = –0.18 (95% CI –0.33 to –0.02), visit 2 = –0.05 (95% CI –0.22 to 0.11), visit 3 = –0.01 (95% CI –0.19 to 0.16), and visit 4 = –0.11 (95% CI –0.29 to 0.08). However, the interaction terms were not statistically significant.ConclusionDepressive symptoms may contribute to worse self-reported PA levels in persons with KOA. Future research should determine whether lower physical function is a further sequela of decreased PA related to depressive symptoms.
Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Eucalyptus and Piper Longum and Antimicrobial Activity Evaluation
Authors: Faiz Nadhirah , Sivaswamy Vinay , Rohinikumar Subhashree 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background:
Gold is the oldest dental restorative material, used for dental repairs for more than 4000 years, and remains an important metal included in the dental sector. In a world where nanoparticle importance has been well established and preparation of nanoparticles has become much easier, it is important to assess if these nanoparticles can be extracted from plants as well. Along with its extraction, analysis of each property of the nanoparticle is essential. Pepper and eucalyptus remain two of the most important ingredients used in ayurveda and can be easily found as a component in everyday consumption.

Aim:
This study was to extract gold nanoparticles using eucalyptus and piper longum and evaluate the antibacterial activity of the derived gold nanoparticles.

Materials and Methodology:
Preparation of plant extract was done following which extraction of gold nanoparticles was performed. Antibacterial properties of the gold nanoparticles were tested by well diffusion method and compared against the antibacterial gold standard, antibiotic amoxicillin. After 24 hours, the zone of inhibitions was measured in millimeters and the data were compiled.

Results:
The resultant green synthesized gold nanoparticles show high antibacterial activity against S. albicans, and a fair amount of antibacterial activity against S. mutans, S. aureus, and E. faecalis, which was revealed by comparing the zone of inhibition to the gold standard, amoxicillin 500 mg.

Conclusion:
Gold nanoparticles were found to have good antimicrobial activity.
Behçet’s syndrome within the spectrum of systemic vasculitides
Authors: Sulu Bercemhan , Karakoc Alican , Ak Tumay , Dincer Zeynep T. , Senturk Esra F. , Batur Sebnem , Kizilkilic Osman , Uygunoglu Ugur , Seyahi Emire 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Behçet’s syndrome (BS) is a complex, relapsing inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology, distinguished by its unique geographic distribution and severe disease course, particularly among young males. It would be difficult to include BS in a specific disease classification system. Unlike classical vasculitides, BS predominantly affects veins, with a pronounced tendency for thrombosis, whereas arterial involvement is less common. Histopathological evaluations of many major organs highlight a neutrophil-dominant inflammatory response, particularly around the venules, without the granulomas, fibrinoid necrosis, or immune complex deposition characteristic of other vasculitides. Pathogenesis involves heightened innate immunity, with neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular trap formation contributing to vascular inflammation and thrombosis. Further complicating its classification, BS shares overlapping features with autoinflammatory conditions, spondyloarthropathies, and more recently, MHC-I-opathies. The term “syndrome” is often preferred by experts to reflect its diverse clinical phenotypes, suggesting again the heterogeneous nature of the disease. This review aims to discuss the problems with these classifications, particularly within the spectrum of systemic vasculitides.