bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional socio-economic disparities in the Kashmir Valley (India) – a geographical approach
Authors: Mohiuddin Shahnaz , Hashia Haseena 
Published: May 2013

Abstract.The problem of regional disparities in the levels of social and economic development is a universal phenomenon. Both developed and developing countries have witnessed this problem in the path of their socio-economic advancement. India is a large federal nation and it is well known that there are widespread disparities in the levels of socio-economic development among the different regions of the Indian nation. Balanced regional development has always been an essential component of India’s national development strategy in order to ensure the unity and integrity of the nation. Jammu and Kashmir, the northernmost state of India, has been divided into three geo-physical regions, viz. Jammu, the Valley of Kashmir and the Ladakh. The Kashmir Valley is the most thickly populated area of the state; the overriding characteristics of the economy of the Kashmir Valley is its extreme backwardness which is largely the result of the peculiar physical features of the Valley and traditional society. The indicators to be used in the present study have been assigned statistical weights derived through the factor analysis method. The changes in the index values have been examined to trace the direction of development. Finally, the sectoral indices have been pooled together to derive a comprehensive composite index of development. This gives an aggregate picture of the changes in the levels of development of all the tehsils over two time periods, i.e. 1981 and 2001.
The influence of high selenium intake of ewes on leukocytes in newborn lambs
Authors: Písek Lukáš , Trávníček Jan , Peksa Zdeněk , Dušová Hana , Konečný Roman , Šoch Miloslav 
Published: May 2013

Abstract The aim of this work was to determine the impact of high selenium intake on pregnant ewes considering the number of leukocytes and the representation of T cell subsets in the blood of newborn lambs. An experiment was conducted on nineteen sucking newborn lambs of the Sumava sheep breed. The ewes were divided into three groups of five animals: control C (without Se supplementation), experimental E1 (sodium selenite supplementation, Se content 160 μg.kg-1 DM) and E2 (Chlorella as a carrier for selenium, Se content 160 μg.kg-1 DM). After birth blood samples were taken from lambs on days 1, 3, 10, 30 and 60. The WBC count and proportion of lymphocytes in blood smear were detected by microscopic analysis, and the CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets in blood were detected by flow cytometry. The differences determined were not statistically significant due to high variabilities within the groups. In lambs whose mothers were supplemented with selenium bound to the alga of the genus Chlorella a statistically significant increase in the proportion of both subsets of T lymphocytes was proved. The results document a tendency to a lower level of the selected parameters of immunity in lambs without Se supplementation.
Obtaining Pentacyclic Triterpenes from Outer Birch Bark
Authors: Pazhe A. , Zandersons J. , Rizhikovs J. , Dobele G. , Spince B. , Jurkjane V. , Tardenaka A. 
Published: May 2013

One way for the rational use of natural raw materials and conservation of forest resources is to increase the degree of wood biomass utilization. A solution to this problem is directly related to improving the efficiency of biomass processing and reducing environmental pollution from industrial waste.
Birch in the Northern hemisphere is a very widespread tree genus, which is extensively used in the furniture, pulp and plywood manufacture where, as a by-product, birch bark accumulates in the process. This material does not find industrial application, and is often burned as fuel. Outer birch bark consists of a mixture of pentacyclic triterpenes and bio polyester suberin. Betulin, betulinic acid and lupeol, representatives of triterpenes, are biologically active substances, the effects of which can be enhanced by synthetic modification.
Pelletization increases the outer birch bark bulk density up to 470 kg/m3. The yield of cyclohexane and heptane extractives is considerably lower than those obtained with acetone and ethanol. However, the more selective solubility eliminates a range of undesirable substances, e.g., polyphenols, tannins, etc. from the total extract.
Association Between Anatomical Variations of the Sinonasal Region and Chronic Rhino-Sinusitis: A Prospective Case Series Study
Authors: Madani Seyyed Abdollah , Hashemi Seyyed Abbas , Kianejad Amir Hosein , Heidari Saman 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARY
Chronic rhinosinusitis is a chronic inflammation of the nasal and paranasal cavities. However, the main pathophysiology of these chronic conditions is poorly described and seems to be multifactorial.
In the present study, we reviewed the computed tomography (CT) scans of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis to identify a probable association between the anatomical variations and chronic inflammation in the sinonasal region.
Prospective study of the axial and coronal CT scans of 206 chronic rhinosinusitis patients between September 2010 and January 2012 was performed.
The study population involved 100 males (48.5%) and 106 females (51.4%) with a mean age of 39 years. The ostiomeatal complex was reported patent in 43 subjects and was blocked in 36 patients. The nasal septa were significantly deviated in 117 (56.7%) patients. Turbinate hypertrophy was reported in 55 (26.6%) patients. Retention cyst was observed in 56 (27.1%) participants. Concha Bullosa and polyps were reported in 36 (17.47%) and 38 (18.44%) patients, respectively. Maxillary sinus was the most common site of involvement (67 patients).
Our investigation revealed that there is a strong association between the presence of anatomical variations and chronic inflammation in the paranasal sinuses.
The Russian economic space: evolution during periods of reform, growth and crisis (1990–2010)
Authors: Kholina Veronika N. , Mironova Marina N. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The aim of the article is to identify the main tendencies in the dynamics of interregional disparities in the level of socio-economic development in Russia during periods of economic growth and crisis. These trends have been identified on the basis of an analysis of the regional coefficient of asymmetry of key per-capita indicators (GDP, investment in fixed capital etc.) as well as indicators of spatial concentration in Russia and deviations from the average (for GDP, per capita GDP and investments) at the federal district and regional levels. The main factors driving the dynamics of these disparities were the economic crisis, government anti-crisis measures and measures of social support. Comparison of the level of interregional disproportions in Russia and abroad indicated that the differences between levels of socio-economic development at the federal level are comparable with differences in EU countries, but at the level of regions - with countries of the world.
Reasons for choosing geography studies. Comparative analysis of two academic centres: Warsaw and Kielce
Authors: Awramiuk-Godun Alina , Mularczyk Mirosław 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The objective of this paper is to compare the reasons for choosing a degree in geography by students starting their studies in two academic centres: Warsaw and Kielce. The first is a big city with rich traditions and one of the best academic centres in Poland, while the second is regional, much smaller but developing. In the research, special attention was paid to the reasons for choosing geography as a major, a variety of ideas considering future job and professional prospects open to geography graduates as well as attitudes toward the profession of a geography teacher. The research involved interviews with first and second-year students in both centres.
Choropleth maps and diagram maps in atlas of cartographic presentation methods
Authors: Pasławski Jacek , Korycka-Skorupa Jolanta , Nowacki Tomasz , Opach Tomasz 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The online Atlas kartograficznych metod prezentacji [Atlas of cartographic presentation methods, hereinafter the Atlas] is a research project being carried out at the Department of Cartography of the University of Warsaw. The aim of the project is to systematize knowledge about the use of cartographic presentation methods. This study discusses selected issues related to two of the five presentation methods analysed in the project, viz. the choropleth map and the diagram map. A rational application of two quite commonly-used presentation methods leads to a number of problems. These problems are most easily visible during attempts to program its implementation in the web-based Atlas and are largely due to the difficulties with drawing a clear boundary between what is a good and a bad map. For this reason, the system operator’s skill and eye for the graphics of semi-automated visualisation seem to be of key importance.
Mathematical modeling of the system shedding motion – heald – warp
Authors: Bílek Martin , Skřivánek Josef 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

The paper is concerned with the description of a mathematical model meant for an analysis of the movement of
healds during the weaving cycle. The referred model consists of a mathematical description of shedding motion,
coupled with the solution of the heald model of a weaving loom. Principal designing elements of this component
have been considered while devising this model. The affected calculations show a high value of acceleration of the
heald produced after its drop upon the supporting wire. The referred model allows for analyzing a considerable part
of designs of heald shaft that are employed in weaving looms nowadays.
Stability of General Cubic Mapping in Fuzzy Normed Spaces
Authors: Javadi S. , Rassias J. M. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
We establish some stability results concerning the general cubic functional equation
f(x + ky) - kf(x + y) + kf(x - y) - f(x - ky) = 2k(k2 - 1)f(y)
for fixed k ℕ\{1} in the fuzzy normed spaces. More precisely, we show under some suitable conditions that an approximately cubic function can be approximated by a cubic mapping in a fuzzy sense and we establish that the existence of a solution for any approximately cubic mapping guarantees the completeness of the fuzzy normed spaces
The nearest symmetric fuzzy solution for a symmetric fuzzy linear system
Authors: Allahviranloo T. , Haghi E. , Ghanbari M. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract In this paper, the nearest symmetric fuzzy solution for a symmetric L-L fuzzy linear system (S-L-FLS) is obtained by a new metric. To this end, the S-L-FLS is transformed to the non-linear programming problem (NLP). The solution of the obtained NLP is our favorite fuzzy number vector solution. Also, it is shown that if an S-L-FLS has unique fuzzy solution, then its solution is symmetric. Two constructive algorithms are presented in details and the method is illustrated by solving several numerical examples
Geometry of the anisotropic minimal surfaces
Authors: Mladenov Ivaïlo M. , Hadzhilazova Mariana Ts. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
A simple modification of the surface tension in the axisymmetric case leads to analogues of the Delaunay surfaces. Here we have derived an explicit parameterization of the most simple case of this new class of surfaces which can be considered as a generalization of the catenoids. The geometry of these surfaces depends on two real parameters and has been studied in some detail
Geodesic Flow on the Quotient Space of the Action of ⟨z + 2;−1/z 〉 on the Upper Half Plane
Authors: Ahmadi Dastjerdi Dawoud , Lamei Sanaz 
Published: May 2013

Abstract Let G be the group generated by z ↦ z+2 and z → -1/z , z ∈ ℂ. This group acts on the upper half plane and the associated quotient surface is topologically a sphere with two cusps. Assigning a “geometric” code to an oriented geodesic not going to cusps, with alphabets in ℤ \ {0}, enables us to conjugate the geodesic ow on this surface to a special ow over the symbolic space of these geometric codes. We will show that for k ≥ 1, a subsystem with codes from ℤ \ {0; ±1; ±2;… ; ±k} is a TBS: topologically Bernouli scheme. For similar codes for geodesic ow on modular surface, this was true for k ≥ 3. We also give bounds for the entropy of these subsystems.
Dirac Operator on a 7-Manifold with Deformed G2 Structure
Authors: Özdemir Nülifer , Aktay Şirin 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn this work, we consider the deforming of a G2 structure by a vector field on a 7-manifold. To obtain the metric corresponding to deformed G2 structure, a new map is defined. By using this new map, the co- variant derivatives on associated spinor bundles are compared. Then, the relation between Dirac operators on spinor bundles are investigated under some restrictions.
Bibliometric analysis of research on women and advertising: Differences in print and audiovisual media
Authors: Navarro-Beltrá Marián , Martín-Llaguno Marta 
Published: May 2013

The media in general, and advertising in particular, are considered as important agents of socialization, including genderrelated issues. Thus the legislator has focused on the regulation of the images of women and men in advertisements. However, regulations prohibiting sexist advertising in Spain pay specific attention to audiovisual media. The objective of this study is to check whether this unequal interest also takes place in academic research. This paper analyzes the differences in the scientific literature (national and international) on the sexism in advertising depending on the media. Specifically we examine the methodology, techniques and ways to measure concepts. In order to do this, we conduct a systematic review of studies on gender and advertising published in Spanish or English between 1988 and 2010 in seven databases Spanish (Dialnet, Compludoc, ISOC), or international (Scopus, Sociological Abstracts, PubMed and Eric).The main results of the 175 texts analyzed show that, unlike legislative controls, the academy has studied mainly sexism in advertising in print media, although interest by analysis of the treatment of gender in the discourse of advertising audiovisual seems to be increasing.
Los medios de comunicación en general, y la publicidad en particular, son considerados importantes agentes de socialización, incluso en temas relacionados con el género. No en vano el legislador se ha preocupado por la regulación de las imágenes de mujeres y hombres trasmitidas en los anuncios. Sin embargo, las normativas que prohíben la publicidad sexista en España prestan específica atención a los medios audiovisuales en detrimento del resto. En este escenario, el objetivo del presente trabajo es comprobar si este dispar interés según soporte se reproduce en la investigación. Así, se consideran las diferencias en la producción científica (nacional e internacional) sobre el sexismo publicitario en función del medio de comunicación observando específicamente la metodología, las técnicas y la forma concreta de medir este concepto en los artículos. Para ello se realiza una revisión sistemática de los estudios sobre publicidad y género publicados en español o en inglés entre 1988 y 2010 indexados en siete importantes bases de datos españolas (Dialnet, Compludoc, Isoc) e internacionales (Scopus, Sociological Abstracts, PubMed y Eric). A partir del análisis de los 175 textos seleccionados, los resultados apuntan que, a diferencia de los controles legislativos, la academia ha estudiado mayoritariamente el sexismo publicitario en los medios impresos, aunque el interés por el análisis del tratamiento de género en los discursos publicitarios audiovisuales parece irse acrecentando.
Informal learning through Facebook among Slovenian pupils
Authors: Erjavec Karmen 
Published: May 2013

Since existing research has failed to consider how primary school pupils use Facebook for informal learning and to enhancing social capital, we attempted to fill this research gap by conducting 60 indepth interviews and thinkaloud sessions with Slovenian primary school pupils. Furthermore, we used content analysis to evaluate their Facebook profiles. The results of the study show that Slovenian pupils regularly use Facebook for informal learning. Pupils are aware that they use Facebook for learning and they use it primarily as social support, which is seen as exchanging practical information, learning about technology, evaluation of their own and other people’s work, emotional support, organising group work and communicating with teachers. In using Facebook, pupils acquire bridging and bonding social capital; they maintain an extensive network of weak ties that are a source of bridging capital, and deeper relationships that provide them with emotional support and a source of bonding capital. Key differences between the participants were found in the expression of emotional support. Female participants are more likely to use Facebook for this purpose, and more explicitly express their emotions. This study also showed that our participants saw a connection between the use of Facebook and the knowledge and skills they believed their teachers valued in school.
Teniendo en cuenta que la investigación ha descuidado el estudio de cómo los alumnos de primaria hacen uso de Facebook para el aprendizaje informal y cómo potencia el capital social, el presente trabajo intenta llenar dicho vacío con sesenta entrevistas en profundidad y el protocolo de pensamientos en voz alta con alumnos de escuelas primarias eslovenas. Para analizar el perfil de Facebook también incluimos un análisis de contenido. Los resultados del estudio demuestran que los alumnos eslovenos con frecuencia utilizan Facebook para el aprendizaje informal. El estudio no solo muestra que los estudiantes son conscientes del uso de Facebook para el aprendizaje y lo utilizan en primer lugar como apoyo social, sino también ofrece muestras de intercambio práctico de información, aprendizaje de tecnología, (auto)evaluación, apoyo emocional, organización de grupo de trabajo y comunicación con los profesores. Con el uso de Facebook, los estudiantes adquieren competencias relacionales y vinculación de capital social, pues mantienen una amplia red de lazos débiles, capaz de generar relaciones más profundas con apoyo emocional y fuentes de unión. Las principales diferencias entre los participantes se refieren a la expresión del apoyo emocional. Las participantes femeninas prefieren Facebook para dichos fines y expresan con más habilidad sus emociones. El estudio muestra además que nuestros participantes perciben una conexión entre el uso de Facebook y el conocimiento y destrezas que ellos pensaban que sus profesores valoraban en la escuela.
The role of the Internet and social networks in the arab uprisings an alternative to official press censorship
Authors: Soengas-Pérez Xosé 
Published: May 2013

This research analyzes the power of the Internet and social networks in the Arab uprisings. We are interested in learning about the contribution of communication technology in low advanced societies in conflict situations and the value of the network as a link between young people who supported the changes from abroad and those who were directly involved in protests. On the importance of technology as a virtual communication tool we have conducted a series of online interviews with 30 young people from Tunisia, Egypt and Libya living in Barcelona, Madrid and Santiago de Compostela during the development of the conflicts and who were involved in the Arab Spring though the network. The research findings in this study prove that virtual support for uprisings were not based on coordinated actions, and that it was simply a confluence of similar acts coinciding in time and on the same platforms. The Internet and social networks served as elements for supporting the process and as a counterbalance to official censorship and to governmentsupportive media, and were useful for overcoming the isolation of Arab society, in order to make the conflicts visible and to attract relevant support from abroad. But it also showed that the network had constraints in the face of the consolidated propaganda infrastructure which existed in each country.
Esta investigación analiza el papel de Internet y de las redes sociales en las revueltas árabes. Interesa conocer la contribución de la tecnología a la comunicación en sociedades poco avanzadas en situaciones de conflicto y el valor de la Red como enlace entre los jóvenes que apoyaban los cambios desde el exterior y los que participaban directamente en las manifestaciones. Para conocer la importancia de la tecnología como instrumento de comunicación virtual se ha realizado una serie de entrevistas online a 30 jóvenes de Túnez, Egipto y Libia que vivían en Barcelona, Madrid y Santiago de Compostela durante el desarrollo de los conflictos y que han participado en la primavera árabe a través de la Red. Los resultados de esta investigación demuestran que los apoyos virtuales a las revueltas no estaban basados en acciones coordinadas, simplemente se trataba de una confluencia de actos similares que coincidían en el tiempo y en las mismas plataformas. Internet y las redes sociales funcionaron como elementos de apoyo al proceso y como contrapeso a la censura oficial y a los medios afines al régimen, y fueron útiles para superar el aislamiento de la sociedad árabe, para hacer visibles los conflictos y para conseguir apoyos relevantes en el exterior. Pero también se demostró que la Red tenía limitaciones frente a la consolidada infraestructura de propaganda que existía en cada país.
Nitric Oxide–Induced Regulatory T Cells Inhibit Th17 but Not Th1 Cell Differentiation and Function
Authors: Niedbala Wanda , Besnard Anne-Gaelle , Jiang Hui R. , Alves-Filho Jose C. , Fukada Sandra Y. , Nascimento Daniela , Mitani Akio , Pushparaj Peter , Alqahtani Mohammed H. , Liew Foo Y. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
NO is a free radical with pleiotropic functions. We have shown earlier that NO induces a population of CD4+CD25+Foxp3− regulatory T cells (NO-Tregs) that suppress the functions of CD4+CD25− effector T cells in vitro and in vivo. We report in this study an unexpected finding that NO-Tregs suppressed Th17 but not Th1 cell differentiation and function. In contrast, natural Tregs (nTregs), which suppressed Th1 cells, failed to suppress Th17 cells. Consistent with this observation, NO-Tregs inhibited the expression of retinoic acid–related orphan receptor γt but not T-bet, whereas nTregs suppressed T-bet but not retinoic acid–related orphan receptor γt expression. The NO-Treg–mediated suppression of Th17 was partially cell contact–dependent and was associated with IL-10. In vivo, adoptively transferred NO-Tregs potently attenuated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. The disease suppression was accompanied by a reduction of Th17, but not Th1 cells in the draining lymph nodes, and a decrease in the production of IL-17, but an increase in IL-10 synthesis. Our results therefore demonstrate the differential suppressive function between NO-Tregs and nTregs and indicate specialization of the regulatory mechanism of the immune system.