bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perifrasi aspettuali in greco e in latino, Origini e grammaticalizzazioni
Authors: Bentein Klaas 
Published: August 2013

AbstractI present here a detailed appraisal of Luisa Amenta's Perifrasi aspettuali in greco e in latino, Origini e grammaticalizzazioni (2003). Amenta's study on verbal periphrases is a revised version of her Ph. D. thesis (1999), completed at the Università degli Studi di Roma Tre under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Marco Mancini. It off ers a diachronic and typological confrontation of periphrastic constructions in both Greek and Latin. I outline the contents of the book and give some critical remarks and suggestions for further research, concentrating on periphrases in Greek.
Reconsidering the 'Modal Particles' in Modern Greek
Authors: Tsangalidis Anastasios , Roussou Anna 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn the present paper we consider the elements na, a and as, which combine with the finite verb and give rise to a variety of modal readings, such as future, subjunctive, etc. On the basis of their distributional similarities and differences, we argue that the elements under consideration are situated in the left periphery and fall into two categories: a and as have a verbal property, while na has a locative one which also underlies its deictic use. This approach allows us to get a better understanding of their current syntactic status, and also has certain implications regarding their diachronic development (e.g. 'grammaticalization'). Our analysis is consistent with the view that there is no syntactic category 'particle' (Zwicky 1985).
Closing in on Story Openings and Closings: Evidence from Conversational Stories in Greek
Authors: Georgakopoulou Alexandra 
Published: August 2013

AbstractMy aim in this paper is to show the benefits of incorporating a conversation-analytic perspective in the analysis of Greek storytelling data with regard to the endpoints of a telling, that is, the opening and the closing. I specifically explore the types of story openings and closings occurring in a data set that comprises the conversations of a group of female adolescents in a small town in Greece. I also discuss the salience of economic openings (Jefferson 1978) realized by certain conventionalized devices and the importance and local design of what I call counter stories in the stories' closing. I juxtapose counter stories to second stories (Sacks 1992), which have been found within CA to be frequent after a story's closing and I assess the frequency of second stories told by the same teller and not by a story recipient in my data. Overall, I argue that these systematic openings and closings in my data are interrelated with the types of stories told and the participants' roles and relations. Finally, I ponder the implications of this close connection for CA work on stories as talk-in-interaction.
A Word-Association Study in Greek and the Concept of the Syntagmatic-Paradigmatic Shift
Authors: Mattheoudakis Marina 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis paper examines the developmental shift of response type through a qualitative study of word associations in Greek. In particular, it tests whether the associations produced by Greek speakers confirm findings of similar studies in other languages with respect to the syntagmatic-paradigmatic shift. To this aim, a translated version of the Kent-Rosanoff test was administered to both adults and children who were native speakers of Greek. The findings of this study do not provide support for the concept of the syntagmatic-paradigmatic shift, as they indicate a predominance of paradigmatic associations in children's responses and a majority of syntagmatic associations in adults' responses. The paper discusses the concept of the syntagmatic-paradigmatic shift and suggests the need for further research in word associations in Greek but also in other languages.
Switches between Direct and Indirect Speech in Ancient Greek
Authors: Maier Emar 
Published: August 2013

AbstractI propose a uni ied semantic analysis of two phenomena characteristic of ancient Greek speech reporting, (i) the unmarked switching between direct and indirect discourse, and (ii) the use of οτι ('that') as a quotation introduction. I accommodate these phenomena in a formal semantic framework, where both can be modeled uniformly as instances of mixed quotation.
Greek Anaphora in Cross-Linguistic Perspective
Authors: Kiparsky Paul 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe Homeric and Classical Greek systems of referentially dependent pronouns support an approach to binding and anaphoric reference which characterizes pronouns by two cross-classifying features, which specify the maximal domain in which their antecedent must be located, and whether they can overlap in reference with a coargument (Kiparsky 2002). By treating reflexivity as a special case of referential dependency, this approach predicts a class of referentially dependent non-reflexive anaphors, or discourse anaphors, whose characteristic is that they need not have a structural antecedent but can serve as reflexives in contexts where a dedicated reflexive is unavailable. This class is instantiated in the Greek clitic anaphors &epsi;&ogr;, &epsi;, &ogr;&iota;, &mu;&iota;&nu;. It also predicts a class of reflexive pronouns which must be disjoint in reference from a coargument, attested in Homeric Greek as the bare reflexive &epsi;-. Greek also gives some support to the Blocking principle, which dictates the use of the most restricted pronoun available in a given context. The proposal is compared to the well-known theory of Reinhart &amp; Reuland (1993) on the basis of Greek as well as Germanic (Swedish, German, Dutch, Frisian, Old English), and is shown to provide a better answer to the challenge raised by Evans &amp; Levinson (2009).
The Burāq: Views from the East and West
Authors: Buckley Ron 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The burāq is the beast on which the Prophet Muḥammad is said to have ridden on his night journey from Mecca to Jerusalem (the isrāʾ) and occasionally on his ascension through the heavens (the miʿrāğ). This article examines the notion of the burāq within both Muslim and Western non-Muslim sources. It shows the evolution of the relatively simple descriptions of the burāq as found in the early Muslim sources to the later embellished and colourful accounts. It also investigates the role the burāq plays in more general Muslim discussions concerning the isrāʾ and the miʿrāğ. As for Western non-Muslim approaches, the article demonstrates how the burāq was initially used in anti-Islamic polemic, subsequently became an object of fascination, and in later times has become a topic of more impartial academic study.
A 10-yr Climatology of Tibetan Plateau Vortices with NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis
Authors: Feng Xinyuan , Liu Changhai , Rasmussen Roy , Fan Guangzhou 
Published: August 2013

AbstractA plateau vortex refers to a shallow meso-α-scale cyclonic vortex that is usually confined to near-surface levels (500 hPa) over the Tibetan Plateau during warm seasons. It is the major precipitation-producing weather system over the plateau, but the knowledge of its climatology and understanding of generation mechanisms are limited because of the lack of adequate observations in this harsh mountainous region. In this study, the high-resolution NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis data have been used to perform a statistical survey of these vortices over 10 warm seasons (April–October of 2000–09). The purpose is to document their climatological features, including genesis, size, life cycle, propagation, and diurnal variation.Results show that ~103 plateau vortices occur on average every year. Most are detected from May through August, with the maximum monthly count in July. The primary area of origin exhibits a west–east orientation in correspondence with a large-scale confluence zone, and the most concentrated source lies in the area of 33°–36°N, 84°–90°E in the high elevated central and western plateau. Significant diurnal variations are observed, characteristic of a preferential genesis during late afternoon to evening hours and a late night dissipation peak. The vortex events have an average life span of ~15 h and an average horizontal dimension (effective diameter) of ~280 km. In accordance with the steering environmental flow, an overwhelming majority travel eastward with a mean translation speed of ~10 m s−1. A small fraction of systems (approximately nine cases annually) move off the plateau, predominantly from the eastern edge.
Tornadogenesis in a High-Resolution Simulation of the 8 May 2003 Oklahoma City Supercell
Authors: Schenkman Alexander D. , Xue Ming , Hu Ming 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
A 50-m-grid-spacing Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) simulation of the 8 May 2003 Oklahoma City tornadic supercell is examined. A 40-min forecast run on the 50-m grid produces two F3-intensity tornadoes that track within 10 km of the location of the observed long-track F4-intensity tornado.
The development of both simulated tornadoes is analyzed to determine the processes responsible for tornadogenesis. Trajectory-based analyses of vorticity components and their time evolution reveal that tilting of low-level frictionally generated horizontal vorticity plays a dominant role in the development of vertical vorticity near the ground. This result represents the first time that such a mechanism has been shown to be important for generating near-surface vertical vorticity leading to tornadogenesis.
A sensitivity simulation run with surface drag turned off was found to be considerably different from the simulation with drag included. A tornado still developed in the no-drag simulation, but it was much shorter lived and took a substantially different track than the observed tornadoes as well as the simulated tornadoes in the drag simulation. Tilting of baroclinic vorticity in an outflow surge may have played a role in tornadogenesis in the no-drag simulation.
Warm Conveyor Belts in the ERA-Interim Dataset (1979–2010). Part II: Moisture Origin and Relevance for Precipitation
Authors: Pfahl Stephan , Madonna Erica , Boettcher Maxi , Joos Hanna , Wernli Heini 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The role of moisture for extratropical atmospheric dynamics is particularly pronounced within warm conveyor belts (WCBs), which are characterized by intense latent heat release and precipitation formation. Based on the WCB climatology for the period 1979–2010 presented in Part I, two important aspects of the WCB moisture cycle are investigated: the evaporative moisture sources and the relevance of WCBs for total and extreme precipitation. The most important WCB moisture source regions are the western North Atlantic and North Pacific in boreal winter and the South Pacific and western South Atlantic in boreal summer. The strongest continental moisture source is South America. During winter, source locations are mostly local and over the ocean, and the associated surface evaporation occurs primarily during 5 days prior to the start of the WCB ascent. Long-range transport and continental moisture recycling are much more important in summer, when a substantial fraction of the evaporation occurs more than 10 days before the ascent. In many extratropical regions, WCB moisture supply is related to anomalously strong surface evaporation, enforced by low relative humidity and high winds over the ocean. WCBs are highly relevant for total and extreme precipitation in many parts of the extratropics. For instance, the percentage of precipitation extremes directly associated with a WCB is higher than 70%–80% over southeastern North America, Japan, and large parts of southern South America. A proper representation of WCBs in weather forecast and climate models is thus essential for the correct prediction of extreme precipitation events.
A Parametric Wind–Pressure Relationship for Rankine versus Non-Rankine Cyclostrophic Vortices
Authors: Wood Vincent T. , White Luther W. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractA parametric tangential wind profile model is presented for depicting representative pressure deficit profiles corresponding to varying tangential wind profiles of a cyclostrophic, axisymmetric vortex. The model employs five key parameters per wind profile: tangential velocity maximum, radius of the maximum, and three shape parameters that control different portions of the profile. The model coupled with the cyclostrophic balance assumption offers a diagnostic tool for estimating and examining a radial profile of pressure deficit deduced from a theoretical superimposing tangential wind profile in the vortex. Analytical results show that the shape parameters for a given tangential wind maximum of a non-Rankine vortex have an important modulating influence on the behavior of realistic tangential wind and corresponding pressure deficit profiles. The first parameter designed for changing the wind profile from sharply to broadly peaked produces the corresponding central pressure fall. An increase in the second (third) parameter yields the pressure rise by lowering the inner (outer) wind profile inside (outside) the radius of the maximum. Compared to the Rankine vortex, the parametrically constructed non-Rankine vortices have a larger central pressure deficit. It is suggested that the parametric model of non-Rankine vortex tangential winds has good potential for diagnosing the pressure features arising in dust devils, waterspouts, tornadoes, tornado cyclones, and mesocyclones. Finally, presented are two examples in which the parametric model is fitted to a tangential velocity profile, one derived from an idealized numerical simulation and the other derived from high-resolution Doppler radar data collected in a real tornado.
Impact of Diabetes Mellitus on Critical Limb Ischemia With Below the Knee Disease: Japan Below-the-Knee Artery Treatment Subanalysis
Authors: Suzuki Kenji , Iida Osamu , Yamauchi Yasutaka , Nakano Masatsugu , Soga Yoshimitsu , Kawasaki Daizo , Tazaki Junichi , Yamaoka Terutoshi , Suematsu Nobuhiro , Shintani Yoshiaki , Miyashita Yusuke , Inoue Naoto , Meguro Taiichiro 
Published: August 2013

Background: A strong association exists between diabetes mellitus and critical limb ischemia. Methods and Results: We performed endovascular therapy on 1060 limbs in 884 patients with below knee lesions only. The patients were divided into diabetes (DG) and nondiabetes groups (NDG). Limb salvage was poorer in the DG (79% vs 89%, P = .0061). No significant difference was observed in mortality, amputation-free survival (AFS), and target vessel revascularization (TVR). Multivariate analysis revealed diabetes status, infection, poor activity of daily living (ADL), younger age, and procedure failure as independent predictors of major amputation in DG. In the NDG, procedure failure was the predictor, and younger age and poor ADL showed tendency of major amputation. Conclusions: Mortality, AFS, and TVR showed no significant difference between the 2 groups, but major amputation was more frequent in DG. Not only revascularization but also infection and diabetes control were very important for limb salvage in DG.
Provisional Recommended Weight Limits for Manual Lifting During Pregnancy
Authors: Waters Thomas R. , MacDonald Leslie A. , Hudock Stephen D. , Goddard Donald E. 
Published: August 2013

Objective: The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Revised Lifting Equation (RNLE) was adapted to derive recommended weight limits (RWLs) for pregnant workers and to develop corresponding guidelines for clinicians. Background: In the past three decades there has been a large increase in the number of women employed outside the home and remaining in the workforce during pregnancy. Practical authoritative guidelines based on accumulated evidence are needed to inform allowable work activity levels for healthy pregnant workers. Method: Empirically based lifting criteria established by NIOSH to reduce the risk of overexertion injuries in the general U.S. working population were evaluated for application to pregnant workers. Our evaluation included an extensive review of the literature linking occupational lifting to maternal and fetal health. Decision logic and supporting literature are presented, along with computational details. Results: Provisional RWLs for pregnant workers were derived from the RNLE, along with guidelines for clinicians. The guidelines advise against pregnant workers lifting below midshin and overhead. Conclusion: Based on our review of the available evidence, we present lifting thresholds that most pregnant workers with uncomplicated pregnancies should be able to perform without increased risk of adverse maternal and fetal health consequences. Except for restrictions involving lifting from the floor and overhead, the provisional guidelines presented are compatible with NIOSH lifting recommendations adopted in the early 1990s for the general working population. Application: Implementation of these provisional guidelines could protect millions of female workers in the workplace from fetal and maternal lifting-related health problems.
The Effect of Keyboard Key Spacing on Typing Speed, Error, Usability, and Biomechanics, Part 2
Authors: Pereira Anna , Hsieh Chih-Ming , Laroche Charles , Rempel David 
Published: August 2013

Objective: The objective was to evaluate the effects of vertical key spacing on a conventional computer keyboard on typing speed, percentage error, usability, forearm muscle activity, and wrist posture for both females with small fingers and males with large fingers. Background: Part 1 evaluated primarily horizontal key spacing and found that for male typists with large fingers, productivity and usability were similar for spacings of 17, 18, and 19 mm but were reduced for spacings of 16 mm. Few other key spacing studies are available, and the international standards that specify the spacing between keys on a keyboard have been mainly guided by design convention. Method: Experienced female typists ( n = 26) with small fingers (middle finger length ≤ 7.71 cm or finger breadth of ≤ 1.93 cm) and male typists ( n = 26) with large fingers (middle finger length ≥ 8.37 cm or finger breadth of ≥ 2.24 cm) typed on five keyboards that differed primarily in vertical key spacing (17 × 18, 17 × 17, 17 × 16, 17 × 15.5, and 18 × 16 mm) while typing speed, error, fatigue, preference, forearm muscle activity, and wrist posture were recorded. Results Productivity and usability ratings were significantly worse for the keyboard with 15.5 mm vertical spacing compared to the other keyboards for both groups. There were few significant differences on usability ratings between the other keyboards. Reducing vertical key spacing, from 18 to 17 to 16 mm, had no significant effect on productivity or usability. Conclusions: The findings support the design of keyboards with vertical key spacings of 16, 17, or 18 mm. Applications: These findings may influence keyboard design and standards.
Study on unnatural childhood deaths presented to North Colombo Teaching Hospital, Sri Lanka
Authors: Kitulwatte Indira D , Edirisinghe PAS 
Published: August 2013

Introduction Unnatural childhood deaths are not only associated with intense trauma and separation distress, but also relate to a sense of neglect to protect children from harm. Accurate information on causes and circumstances of such deaths through a process of medico-legal investigations is essential in creating an awareness among the policy makers and educators/caregivers, to prevent these tragic deaths. Objective The aim of the study was to determine the causes and the circumstances of unnatural deaths of children among the medico-legal autopsy population presented to North Colombo Teaching Hospital, Sri Lanka. Study design A retrospective descriptive study was carried out based on Reports of Postmortem Examination performed in a Tertiary Care Hospital, on children who died of unnatural causes during the period from 2009 to 2011. Results Out of 48 unnatural childhood deaths, 24 (50%) children were older than 10 years of age. The most frequent circumstance of death was accidental 39 (81%), while the most frequent cause of death was drowning 16 (33%). Fifteen died due to accidental drowning while one was a homicidal drowning. Suicidal deaths were found only among the children older than 16 years of age. Fifty-four percent of the accidental deaths had taken place at or around the home. Conclusion Accidents accounted for the majority (or greatest number) of tragic childhood deaths. The presence of drowning as the most common cause of death indicates that an immense responsibility lies with the parents and caregivers to prevent such deaths.
Incidental findings in computed tomographic angiography for planning percutaneous aortic valve replacement: advanced age, increased cancer prevalence?
Authors: Gufler Hubert , Schulze Christian G , Wagner Sabine 
Published: August 2013

Background Increased age is linked with a higher cancer risk according to model calculations. Patients with severe atherosclerotic aortic stenosis are of old age, therefore, a high incidence of malignancies should be found. Purpose To evaluate the prevalence of clinically significant and potentially malignant incidental findings at computed tomographic angiography (CTA) performed in patients with severe aortic stenosis being assessed as to their suitability for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Material and Methods Between August 2008 and April 2010, CTA of the thoraco-abdominal aorta and the pelvic arterial vessels was performed in 131 patients. There were 62 women (47%) and 69 men (53%); the mean age was 81.6 years (range, 64–91 years). Incidental findings were recorded and categorized as potentially malignant, clinically significant, and clinically insignificant. Clinically significant findings were defined as those requiring immediate therapy, intervention or imaging, or follow-up examination. Results Of the 131 study patients, 31 (23.7%) presented significant extravascular incidental findings, 19 (14.5%) in the thorax, and 12 (9.2%) in the abdomen. Five lesions (3.8%) were considered potentially malignant, three of them (2.3%) were new and highly suspicious for malignancies (two renal cell carcinomas and one hepatocellular carcinoma). In two patients (1.5%) mediastinal lymphadenopathy was found (recurrent malignant lymphoma und new metastases from known bladder cancer). Conclusion The prevalence of highly suspicious malignant incidental findings in patients undergoing TAVR is 3.8% with an average age of 81.6 years which is not high compared to prevalence in the literature dealing with patients aged <70 years.