bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk and Protective Factors for Gambling Among Youth by origin: Findings from the three waves of cross-sectional Finnish School Health Promotion Study among 238,939 Students
Authors: Raitasalo Kirsimarja , Järvinen-Tassopoulos Johanna , Rask Shadia , Skogberg Natalia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGambling is a public health problem that can cause many kinds of harm. The aim of this study was to examine youth gambling by origin, and the risk and protective factors associated with it. The data was drawn from the School Health Promotion Study (n = 238,939) conducted in Finland, representative of the 14 to 16-year-old Finnish schoolchildren. Cross-tabulations and multivariate logistic regression were used in assessing the association between origin and weekly gambling. Interaction terms of origin and background variables related to substance use, peer and family relations and leisure time were then calculated to assess inter-group differences. The study showed that foreign-born, migrant origin and youth from mixed families were more likely to gamble weekly compared to youth with Finnish-born parents. The likelihood of gambling was particularly high among foreign-born and migrant-origin youth. Weekly gambling was significantly more common among boys than girls in all studied youth groups, and it was particularly common among foreign-born boys compared to other groups. Substance use was associated with weekly gambling and even more so among foreign-born youth. There were also differences by origin in the strength of association between other background factors and weekly gambling. Foreign-born boys appear to be especially vulnerable to multiple health and social risks including gambling, making them a particularly important group for targeted preventive programs. Preventive efforts are needed to enhance public awareness, boost parental supervision, and limit gambling-related risks. Special attention is needed to prevent migrant-origin boys from developing problems with gambling.
Consistency of landscape compositional effects on microclimate, arthropods and plant performance across different years and regions
Authors: Gerits Frederik , Reubens Bert , Messely Lies , Verheyen Kris 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Context
Reinforcement of agrobiodiversity in peri-urban areas requires a landscape lens. Relationships between land use composition and indicators of ecosystem services can depend on weather conditions and differ between regions.

Objectives
In this study we present new empirical data on relationships between landscape composition and indicators of regulating and provisioning agroecosystem services. Furthermore, we check if these data are consistent between two different ecoregions and different years.

Methods
We apply an innovative methodology in a research landscape in the province of Antwerp (Flanders, Belgium) in 2021 with 1 m²-garden as phytometers along a landscape compositional gradient. Landscape composition at different scales is used as explanatory variable for microclimate variation, arthropod activity, leaf herbivory and crop yield in the 1 m²-gardens. Results are compared to an identical experiment in another ecoregion in East Flanders in 2018, 2019.

Results
We found that the proportion of built-up areas is negatively related to local agroecosystem functioning. High-value herbaceous vegetation (e.g. extensive grasslands) promotes the activity of predators and high green vegetation buffers soil moisture and temperature variation, during dry and warm periods. Comparison between cases indicates that there is more consistency in the response of predatory invertebrates to the landscape composition than in the response of pollinators. The buffering effect of high green vegetation in the landscape increases when temperature and drought extremes occur.

Conclusions
The extent of high green vegetation can be enhanced at landscape level to maximise their ability to buffer extreme weather conditions. In peri-urban areas we should avoid further urban sprawl into the rural matrix and promote high-value herbaceous vegetation.
Beyond the richter scale: a fuzzy inference system approach for measuring objective earthquake risk
Authors: Mohammadi Shahin , Balouei Fatemeh , Amini Saeid , Rabiei-Dastjerdi Hamidreza 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Earthquakes pose significant natural hazards and impact populations worldwide. Iran is among the most susceptible countries to seismic activity, making comprehensive earthquake risk assessment crucial. This study employs geospatial methods, including integrating satellite, ground-based, and auxiliary data to model earthquake risk across this country. A Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) is used to generate earthquake hazard probability and vulnerability layers, considering factors such as slope, elevation, fault density, building density, proximity to main roads, proximity to buildings, population density, and earthquake epicenter, magnitude, proximity to the epicenter, depth density, peak ground acceleration (PGA). The results highlight high-risk areas in the Alborz and Zagros Mountain ranges and coastal regions. Moreover, the findings indicate that 39.7% (approximately 31.7 million people) of Iran’s population resides in high-risk zones, with 9.6% (approximately 7.7 million) located in coastal areas vulnerable to earthquakes. These findings offer valuable insights for crisis management and urban planning initiatives.
A modified derivative-free SQP-filter trust-region method for uncertainty handling: application in gas-lift optimization
Authors: Hannanu Muhammad Iffan , Camponogara Eduardo , Silva Thiago Lima , Hovd Morten 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We propose an effective algorithm for black-box optimization problems without derivatives in the presence of output constraints. The proposed algorithm is illustrated using a realistic short-term oil production case with complex functions describing system dynamics and output constraints. The results show that our algorithm provides feasible and locally near-optimal solutions for a complex decision-making problem under uncertainty. The proposed algorithm relies on building approximation models using a reduced number of function evaluations, resulting from (i) an efficient model improvement algorithm, (ii) a decomposition of the network of wells, and (iii) using a spectral method for handling uncertainty. We show, in our case study, that the use of the approximation models introduced in this paper can reduce the required number of simulation runs by a factor of 40 and the computation time by a factor of 2600 compared to the Monte Carlo simulation with similarly satisfactory results.
To chain or not to chain? measuring real GDP in the US and the choice of index number
Authors: Oulton Nicholas 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) in advanced countries have generally adopted chain-linking in their national accounts. The United States uses a chained Fisher, an example of a superlative index number, in its national accounts. However the Fisher is only one of an infinite number of superlative index numbers. So an important issue is how sensitive are the estimates of output growth to the choice of index number. This issue is analysed by examining data from the BEA/BLS industry-level integrated production account, 1987–2020. Estimates of superlative and other index numbers are presented for this dataset. The sensitivity of real GDP growth to the value of the crucial parameter in a superlative index number is tested. The extent to which the desirable characteristics of value consistency and aggregation consistency are satisfied for different superlative index numbers is also analysed. The desirability of chain-linking does not follow automatically just from the use of superlative indices. So I also compare chained and unchained versions of these same index numbers. Finally, Europe uses a different approach to output measurement to the US, chained Laspeyres versus chained Fisher. I look at how different US estimates would be if they employed European methodology.
Mindfulness as an Intervention for Self-Regulation and School Reintegration in a Trauma-Informed Primary School Post COVID-19 Lockdown
Authors: Diamond Katrina 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Objectives
The unprecedented global pandemic and enforced isolation have increased emotional, cognitive, and social dysregulation in children, exacerbated by an educational environment dominated by a recovery agenda focusing on academic outcomes and regular testing, which continues. The use of a creative, agentic mindfulness activity was employed to support school reintegration, self-regulation, positive relationships, and a reduction in exclusions.

Method
A case study of a Year 4 group of children over a 6-month period in a trauma-informed primary school explored a mindfulness and guided visualisation intervention in the form of a book entitled “My Magical Garden”. Semi-structured interviews with the Head of Pastoral and Wellbeing and the classroom teacher, along with a participative Zoom session with the children, and their poems and stories, were conducted and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis via a constructivist epistemology and experiential orientation to data interpretation.

Results
The intervention led to reductions in children’s stress and anxiety levels and decreases in emotional and cognitive dysregulation. The intervention also resulted in an increase in positive relationships and school reintegration, and increased attention on cognitive tasks. The class also experienced zero exclusions over this period.

Conclusions
Mindfulness meditation and guided visualisation techniques that are creative, and intrinsically motivated, support cognitive and emotional regulation and support social and school success. In view of the ongoing impact of the pandemic and lack of support for social and emotional wellbeing, particularly for children facing adversity, mindfulness meditation programmes in schools should be available to all children.

Preregistration
This study is not preregistered.
Eel on the move: fish migration and the construction of “flowing spaces” on the Rhine and Weser Rivers (1880–1930)
Authors: Zumbrägel Christian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSturgeon, salmon, and eel—almost all of the fish species which guaranteed German inland fisheries a profitable living over the last centuries change habitats between oceans and rivers. The European eel follows one of the most spectacular migratory regimes: eels spend most of their lifespan in freshwater before returning to the sea to spawn and die. During their migration their motion, bodies, and nutritional value undergo a substantial transformation. This article argues that these migratory patterns were predicated upon a range of unforeseen consequences which in turn affected fishing practices, patterns of consumption, and species protection regimes along German watercourses. Retracing the migratory paths taken by the eel, it is possible to demonstrate that the variable nature of their peculiar biology served to structure “flowing spaces” of connectivity and disjunction. The empirical analysis focuses on eel migration in the river basins of the Rhine and Weser Rivers, where the resilient species gained large and growing economic importance in the early twentieth century.
Integration between experimental investigation and numerical simulation of alkaline surfactant foam flooding in carbonate reservoirs
Authors: Silva João Victor Gois , Silveira Bruno Marco Oliveira , Ferrari Jean Vicente , Sampaio Marcio Augusto 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn Brazil, pre-salt carbonate reservoirs are largely responsible for the current increase in oil production. However, due to its peculiar characteristics, increasing oil recovery by water injection is not enough. Therefore, we seek to evaluate the recovery potential using chemical methods (cEOR). Among these, the Alkali Surfactant Foam (ASF) method appears with high potential, a variant of Alkali Surfactant Polymers (ASP) without the problems presented by it. Therefore, this work presents an innovative methodology, which seeks to evaluate the potential for recovery with ASF in carbonate reservoirs by integrating experimental characterization and recovery prediction using reservoir simulation. For this, phase behavior and adsorption analyses were carried out. The experimental results provided key parameters for the simulation, such as optimal salinity, surfactant adsorption, foam mobility reduction factors. The results are from two case studies of AS and ASF flooding, using a section of UNISIM-II benchmark, using a one-quarter of five-spot model. Having the modelling for these cEOR methods defined, an optimization process for each method was applied, allowing a reliable comparison among the methods and over a base case of water injection, seeking the maximization of the net present value (NPV). As a result, in the experimental part, a low interfacial tension (IFT) value of 0.003 mN/m was achieved with a surfactant adsorption reduction of 17.9% for an optimal setting among brine (NaCl), alkali (NaBO2.4H2O), and surfactant (BIO-TERGE AS 40). In the reservoir simulation part, using a fast genetic algorithm in the optimization process, a NPV of US$ 14.43 million higher than the base case (water injection) and a 4.5% increase in cumulative oil production for the ASF injection case were obtained. Considering the analyses of production curves (cumulative oil production and oil rate) and oil saturation maps, a considerable oil production anticipation was observed, which was the main reason for NPV improvement, proving the high potential for application of the ASF method in carbonate reservoirs.
Synthesis of novel bio-based polyamide surfactants and their emulsifying property
Authors: He Li-Han , Mu Bo-Zhong , Yang Shi-Zhong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAmphiphilic polyamides represent a class of surfactants with vast potential for applications. In this work, fatty acid methyl esters (methyl oleate and methyl erucate) and biomass-derived 1,4-butanediamine were utilized as raw materials to synthesize two novel anionic polyamide surfactants (APSs, C18:1-PEA and C22:1-PEA). The structure of APSs was characterized via 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectra, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra, and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The physico-chemical properties of APSs were explored through thermal stability, surface activity, behavior of APSs molecules in aqueous solution, and the influence of pH on their emulsion stability. The results indicated that APSs could form stable oil-in-water emulsions under alkaline conditions (pH 11 and above). In addition, stable emulsions of liquid paraffin or simulated oil formed by the C18:1-PEA surfactant can be completely destabilized in the lower pH solution in 30 min. The pH-sensitive behavior of the emulsions could be attributed to the introduction of the polyether structure, which, under alkaline conditions, imparts additional electrostatic repulsion due to hydrogen bonding interactions. This study provides an alternative idea for designing novel pH-sensitive emulsifiers, with potential applications in scenarios where emulsions need to be formed under alkaline conditions and subsequently destabilized after use.
Graphical Abstract
Design of AI-Enhanced and Hardware-Supported Multimodal E-Skin for Environmental Object Recognition and Wireless Toxic Gas Alarm
Authors: Li Jianye , Wang Hao , Luo Yibing , Zhou Zijing , Zhang He , Chen Huizhi , Tao Kai , Liu Chuan , Zeng Lingxing , Huo Fengwei , Wu Jin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPost-earthquake rescue missions are full of challenges due to the unstable structure of ruins and successive aftershocks. Most of the current rescue robots lack the ability to interact with environments, leading to low rescue efficiency. The multimodal electronic skin (e-skin) proposed not only reproduces the pressure, temperature, and humidity sensing capabilities of natural skin but also develops sensing functions beyond it—perceiving object proximity and NO2 gas. Its multilayer stacked structure based on Ecoflex and organohydrogel endows the e-skin with mechanical properties similar to natural skin. Rescue robots integrated with multimodal e-skin and artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms show strong environmental perception capabilities and can accurately distinguish objects and identify human limbs through grasping, laying the foundation for automated post-earthquake rescue. Besides, the combination of e-skin and NO2 wireless alarm circuits allows robots to sense toxic gases in the environment in real time, thereby adopting appropriate measures to protect trapped people from the toxic environment. Multimodal e-skin powered by AI algorithms and hardware circuits exhibits powerful environmental perception and information processing capabilities, which, as an interface for interaction with the physical world, dramatically expands intelligent robots’ application scenarios.
Experimental study on shale-breaking of special-shaped cutter PDC bit
Authors: Zhang Chunliang , Yang Xin , Zhu Zhaoliang , Ke Xiaohua , Zhang Zhaofeng , Luo Hua , Ma Yong , Song Dongdong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTo enhance the drilling efficiency and extend the service life of PDC (Polycrystalline Diamond Composite) bits in shale formations, this study delves into the rock-breaking mechanisms of special-shaped cutters through a comprehensive experimental approach. This involves optimizing the cutter designs, conducting laboratory experiment and field testing. Among the various cutter geometries considered, concave, axe, planar, and triangular cutters are chosen as the focal points for unit rock-breaking experiments. These tests aim to assess their cutting loads and cutting specific energy to gain a deeper understanding of their performance characteristics. Based on experimental, the debris characteristics are analyzed. Based on the understanding of the shale-breaking characteristics of special-shaped cutters, field testing is performed using a novel PDC bit with a special-shaped cutter. Compared with planar cutters, the concave cutter and the triangular cutter generate lower cutting loads and cutting specific energy. Under identical conditions, the average cutting force and cutting specific energy of concave cutter at different cutting depths are reduced by 16.1% and 19.6% Specifically, the concave cutter generates the largest debris when operated under similar conditions, which is beneficial for increasing rock-breaking efficiency. Laboratory experiment indicate that compared to conventional drill bits, the novel drill bit experiences an increase in torque of approximately 9.8% with increasing WOB (weight on bit). Under high WOB, the ROP (rate of penetration) increases by about 75.4%, while the mechanical specific energy decreases by nearly 40%. Additionally, the novel bit vibration characteristics remain superior to conventional drill bits. Field testing shows that the average ROP of the novel bit and total footage drilled increase by up to 13.3% and 27.2%, respectively, in comparison with those for the conventional bit. The research results are helpful to speed up the efficiency of shale gas drilling.
Eco-social policies in a multilevel setup: from Brussels to Berlin
Authors: Zimmermann Katharina , Mandelli Matteo , Gerstenberg Anne 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper examines the intersection of eco-social policies and multilevel governance within the framework of the European Green Deal (EGD), focusing on Germany as a case study. We explore how German stakeholders employ the EGD as a framing tool for socio-political discourses aimed at addressing the social risks of the green transition by promoting (or not promoting) integrated social and ecological policies. Applying the ‘usages of Europe’ framework, our empirical analysis of expert interviews reveals that the EGD serves more as a flexible framework for ideological contestation rather than a set of prescriptive guidelines, reflecting diverging political ideologies and economic priorities. The findings highlight minimal conflictual politicization, with debates centering more on the choice of instruments rather than on eco-social policies themselves or the necessity to adopt them at the domestic level. The study underscores the nuanced interplay between European initiatives and national policy debates, contributing to a deeper understanding of the complex governance paradigms that shape eco-social transformations in the age of the EGD.
What Makes a Wasteland? A Contemporary Archaeology of Urban Waste Sites
Authors: Gardner Jonathan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this article, I undertake an archaeology of urban “wastelands.” In doing so I ask how such places are materially and conceptually “made” and examine the effects that such labeling has on how postindustrial urban sites are used and valued. Taking examples from the capital cities of England and Scotland (London and Edinburgh), I show that the meaning of “waste” at such sites is temporally and socially contingent. Establishing certainty between which landscapes are “wasted” and which are not can prove difficult, and, in some cases, archaeologists themselves may be implicated in labeling and then “cleansing” wastelands, with archaeology operating as a form of waste management. While wastelands may appear as dissonant and associated with negativity or decay at first glance, I show that these places can also facilitate surprisingly generative and creative uses and provide new forms of heritage value.
Research on landslide hazard assessment based on improved analytic hierarchy process optimizing multiple rainfall indicators
Authors: Ou LiangNan , Huang Changjun , Cao Yuanzhi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRainfall is the key factor that leads to landslide, so this study introduces multiple rainfall indexes to optimize the rainfall model in view of the single evaluation index of the rainfall model for landslide hazard assessment. In this study, Xiangxiang City of Hunan Province was selected as the study area, and eight types of susceptibility assessment factors including slope, aspect, elevation, normalized vegetation index (NDVI), road, fault, lithology and land use were extracted. By analyzing the characteristics of local rainfall, six types of rainfall induced assessment factors were selected for hazard assessment of the study area. The two types of evaluation factors were substituted into the improved AHP and RF combined weighting models respectively to obtain the susceptibility zoning map and rainfall induced model of the study area, and finally superimposed to obtain the hazard zoning map of the study area.Using ROC curve and hazard zoning in the studied area test results, the results show that:The AUC value of the multi-rainfall index is 17.7% higher than that of the single rainfall index, and the AUC value of the improved AHP is 6% higher than that of the traditional AHP method. It is verified by the disaster points on the day of extreme rainfall in the study area, and the actual occurrence of the disaster points is basically consistent with the hazard evaluation and zoning of the multi-rainfall index. Therefore, the rainfall model of landslides is optimized by using multiple rainfall indexes, which significantly improves the rationality of landslide hazard assessment.The study of multiple rainfall induced indicators can fill the knowledge gap in the current field, provide new insights and understanding for the field, and provide assistance for predicting and preventing landslides in related areas.