bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of Asian Summer Monsoon Changes in Response to Anthropogenic Forcing in CMIP5 Models
Authors: Li Xiaoqiong , Ting Mingfang , Li Cuihua , Henderson Naomi 
Published: March 2015

AbstractChanges of the Asian summer monsoon in response to anthropogenic forcing are examined using observations and phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) multimodel, multirealization ensemble. In the twentieth century, CMIP5 models indicate a predominantly drying Asian monsoon, while in the twenty-first century under the representative concentration pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) scenario, monsoon rainfall enhances across the entire Asian domain. The thermodynamic and dynamic mechanisms causing the changes are evaluated using specific humidity and winds, as well as the moisture budget. The drying trend in the CMIP5 historical simulations and the wetting trend in the RCP8.5 projections can be explained by the relative importance of dynamic and thermodynamic contributions to the total mean moisture convergence. While the thermodynamic mechanism dominates in the future, the historical rainfall changes are dominated by the changes in circulation. The relative contributions of aerosols and greenhouse gases (GHGs) on the historical monsoon change are further examined using CMIP5 single-forcing simulations. Rainfall reduces under aerosol forcing and increases under GHG forcing. Aerosol forcing dominates over the greenhouse effect during the historical period, leading to the general drying trend in the all-forcing simulations. While the thermodynamic change of mean moisture convergence in the all-forcing case is dominated by the GHG forcing, the dynamic change of mean moisture convergence in the all-forcing case is dominated by the aerosol forcing.
Improving Large-Eddy Simulation of Neutral Boundary Layer Flow across Grid Interfaces
Authors: Goodfriend Elijah , Chow Fotini Katopodes , Vanella Marcos , Balaras Elias 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Increasing computational power has enabled grid resolutions that support large-eddy simulation (LES) of the atmospheric boundary layer. These simulations often use grid nesting or adaptive mesh refinement to refine the grid in regions of interest. LES generates errors at grid refinement interfaces, such as resolved energy accumulation, that may compromise solution accuracy. In this paper, the authors test the ability of two LES formulations and turbulence closures to mitigate errors associated with the use of LES on nonuniform grids for a half-channel approximation to a neutral atmospheric boundary layer simulation. Idealized simulations are used to examine flow across coarse–fine and fine–coarse interfaces, as would occur in a two-way nested configuration or with block structured adaptive mesh refinement. Specifically, explicit filtering of the advection term and the mixed model are compared to a standard LES formulation with an eddy viscosity model. Errors due to grid interfaces are evaluated by comparison to uniform grid solutions. It is found that explicitly filtering the advection term provides significant benefits, in that it allows both mass and momentum to be conserved across grid refinement interfaces. The mixed model reduces unphysical perturbations generated by wave reflection at the interfaces. These results suggest that the choice of LES formulation and turbulence closure can be used to help control grid refinement interface errors in atmospheric boundary layer simulations.
Mitral valve repair for rheumatic mitral regurgitation: Mid-term results
Authors: Waikittipong Somchai 
Published: March 2015

Aim This retrospective study was undertaken to evaluate the midterm results of mitral valve repair for rheumatic mitral regurgitation, in term of survival rate and late valve failure. Methods From January 2003 to January 2014, 97 patients underwent mitral valve repair in our hospital. Age ranged from 8 to 74 years, mean 24 ± 1.4 years; 74 (76%) patients were female. Mean preoperative functional class was 2.47 ± 0.07. Mean preoperative ejection fraction was 59.9% ± 2%. The lesions were pure mitral regurgitation in 79 (81.4%) patients, predominant mitral regurgitation with stenosis in 9 (9.3%), and predominant mitral stenosis with regurgitation in 9 (9.3%). Seventy-one (73%) patients were in normal sinus rhythm. Results One patient died in the postoperative period, and 8 were lost during follow-up. Follow-up time ranged from 6 to 137 months, mean 58.8 ± 4.2 months. There were 6 late deaths. Actuarial survival at 5 and 10 years was 95.5% and 89.2%, respectively. Twenty-seven (27.8%) patients had mitral regurgitation during follow-up, and 7 underwent reoperation with no hospital mortality. Freedom from reoperation at 5 and 10 years was 94.5% and 82.7%, respectively. Freedom from reoperation or progression of mitral regurgitation at 5 and 10 years was 70.4% and 61.8%, respectively. Freedom from all late events at 5 and 10 years was 68 % and 56.4%, respectively. Conclusions Mitral valve repair for rheumatic mitral regurgitation is associated with a significant rate of valve failure and reoperation. However, it has a satisfactory survival rate and is a good alternative to valve replacement, especially for young patients, to avoid the life-long risks of a prosthetic valve.
Morphological features of retinal development in premature Chinese infants observed by computer-assisted indirect ophthalmoscope imaging
Authors: Chen Feng , Xiang Daoman , Mao Yani , Liu Tian 
Published: March 2015

Objective To investigate retinal maturation in premature infants (gestation age <37 weeks). using computer-assisted indirect ophthalmoscope imaging. Methods Premature infants at postmenstrual age 33–46 weeks, who underwent fundus examinations using computer-aided indirect ophthalmoscopy, were stratified into seven postmenstrual-age groups. Images of macular morphology, peripheral retinal vascularization and fundus pigmentation were compared. Results The study included 268 infants in the following postmenstrual-age groups: 33–34 weeks ( n = 19), 35–36 weeks ( n = 37), 37–38 weeks ( n = 49), 39–40 weeks ( n = 55), 41–42 weeks ( n = 49), 43–44 weeks ( n = 34), and 45–46 weeks ( n = 25). The macula matured with increasing postmenstrual age. A mature macula was observed in 92% of infants at 45–46 weeks. Complete vascularization was achieved at 41–42 weeks in the nasal retina and at 43–44 weeks in the temporal retina. The number of retinas with normal pigmentation increased with postmenstrual age (rising to 84% of infants at postmenstrual age 45–46 weeks). Conclusions Following premature birth, macular morphology, retinal vascularization and retinal pigmentation continue to develop. This study provides reference images of normal retinal development in premature infants.
Infratrochlear neuralgia
Authors: Pareja Juan A , Casanova Ignacio , Arbex Andrea , Cuadrado María L 
Published: March 2015

Introduction The infratrochlear nerve supplies the medial aspect of the upper eyelid, the superolateral aspect of the nose and the lacrimal caruncle. This nerve may contribute to the pain stemming from the trochlea, but infratrochlear neuralgia has not been identified as a specific cause of pain. Methods Over a 10-year period we have been recruiting patients with pain in the internal angle of the orbit that did not show features of trochlear pain. Results Seven patients (six female, one male; mean age, 46.1 ± 18.9) presented with pain in the territory of the infratrochlear nerve. The pain appeared in the internal angle of the orbit and upper eyelid ( n = 3), the superolateral aspect of the nose ( n = 3), or the lacrimal caruncle ( n = 1). All patients had a paroxysmal pain, with the attacks lasting five to 30 seconds. Pain attacks were mostly spontaneous, but two patients had triggers. Between attacks, all patients had local allodynia. Pain did not increase with vertical eye movements. Six patients were treated with gabapentin with complete response, and one patient experienced long-lasting relief with an anesthetic blockade of the infratrochlear nerve. Conclusion Infratrochlear neuralgia should be considered as a possible cause of pain in the internal angle of the orbit.
Working alliances not loggerheads: understanding and addressing dissonance between families and treating teams in older people’s mental health
Authors: Jones Carolyn , Peisah Carmelle 
Published: March 2015

Objectives: To identify and describe common sources of dissonance which arise for treating teams in older person’s mental health and the strategies for addressing them. Methods: A literature review was conducted with the terms: ‘family conflict and treatment team’, ‘family therapy and old age’ and ‘family caregiver’. Results: We discuss the importance of an alliance with families regarding older people’s mental health, and the contribution of engagement, attachment and family dynamics to dissonance. We offer strategies to prevent and address dissonance. Conclusions: To prevent and manage dissonance, its causes need to be identified and understood. Routinely ‘thinking family’ first, then ‘knowing’ and ‘hearing’ the family are crucial steps to enhancing communication with families.
Intra- and inter-observer variability in ultrasonographical measurements of the uterus and ovaries in healthy, non-pregnant queens
Authors: Gatel Laure , Gory Guillaume , Chalvet-Monfray Karine , Saunders Jimmy H , Rault Delphine N 
Published: March 2015

Objectives We aimed to (1) evaluate how frequently the uterus and ovaries of healthy, non-pregnant queens are visible; (2) describe their appearance; (3) take their measurements; and (4) determine intra- and inter-observer variabilities in their measurements. We hypothesised that, using a high-frequency linear probe, the uterus and ovaries could be ultrasonographically visualised during any period of the sexual cycle and with any level of operator expertise. Methods Eight queens were enrolled in the study and the ultrasonographical appearance of their uterus and ovaries assessed with a high-frequency linear probe of 15–19 MHz. The diameter of the uterine horns, body and cervix in transverse and longitudinal sections, and the length of the ovaries were recorded. Three observers of different expertise level participated in the study, and the differences between the separate measurements made per queen were evaluated. Results The ovaries and the entire uterus were visualised in every queen. The ovaries were ovoid structures with submillimetric follicles during anoestrus and additional larger follicles depending on the stage of the cycle. An ovarian pattern suggesting cortex and medulla was observed in half the cases. In the uterus, the serosa was a thin hyperechoic outer rim, and layering was observed in half the cases. The cervix was difficult to identify. The intra- and inter-observer variabilities in the uterine horns and the ovaries were minimal (coefficient of variation [CV] 1.4–4.1%) compared with the differences within the queens (CV 10.9–43.4%). The longitudinal and transverse measurements of the horns and the uterine body were the same. Conclusions and relevance The ovaries and uterine horns in queens are accessible ultrasonographically at any stage of their cycle, and can be measured with low intra- and inter-observer variabilities.
Intralesional Bleomycin for Warts
Authors: Kruter Laura , Saggar Vishal , Akhavan Alaleh , Patel Parth , Umanoff Nicole , Viola Kate V. , Stebbins William , Smith Elizabeth , Akhavan Arash , Cohen Justine V. , Cohen Steven R. 
Published: March 2015

Background: The treatment of warts is challenging with regards to both tolerability and efficacy. Objective: Ascertain the efficacy, tolerability, and patient satisfaction of intralesional bleomycin in the treatment of warts. Methods: Retrospective chart review followed by telephone interviews with patients from university-based dermatology referral centers. Results: Seventy-four percent (34/46) of patients had complete resolution (CR) of all warts. Of 34 patients who experienced CR, an average of 1.7 treatments were required. Pain experienced during the procedure and recovery, irrespective of outcome, was rated 5.8 out of 10 (range, 1-10; SD, 2.72; SEM, 0.40). Approximately 70% of patients had pain that lasted less than 2 days after treatment. Seventy-eight percent (36/46) of patients in the study were satisfied with treatment and would recommend it to others. Conclusion: Patients felt bleomycin to be an effective treatment modality for warts, offering high rates of CR in lesions resistant to more traditional therapies.
Integration of acupuncture into conventional medicine from health professionals’ perspective: A thematic synthesis of qualitative studies
Authors: García-Escamilla Esther , Rodríguez-Martín Beatriz , Martínez-Vizcaíno Vicente 
Published: March 2015

Acupuncture is a prominent Complementary Medicine. Although health professionals’ conceptions of acupuncture may affect its utilisation and integration within conventional medicine, these aspects have not been well studied. The aim of this review was to analyse the integration of acupuncture into conventional medicine from the perspective of health professionals. We conducted a systematic review and a thematic synthesis of qualitative studies that analysed the integration of acupuncture into conventional medicine grounded in participants’ perspectives. A systematic search was undertaken in PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library Plus, Scopus and CINAHL. This review included 18 articles: 6 analysed the viewpoint of physicians, 3 of nurses and 9 comprised different health-related professionals. Most of these studies included healthcare professionals practising acupuncture and took place in sites where the relation between acupuncture and biomedicine is favourable. The most used research techniques were convenience sampling, semi-structured interviews and interpretative approach. The holistic approach of acupuncture and its lack of adverse effects were highlighted by the analysed studies. This led to health professionals encouraging its integration into conventional medicine. The main obstacles perceived for the integration were lack of knowledge and institutional support. In general, acupuncture has been adapted to the biomedical model (often practised in an unsystematic and individual manner), and it is conceived as a supplement of Western medicine. ‘Working together’ and overcoming the biomedical model are recognised by the participants as key conditions for successful integration of acupuncture.
Balloon Dilation and Stenting of Chronic Iliac Vein Obstruction: Technical Aspects and Early Clinical Outcome
Authors: Neglén Peter , Raju Seshadri 
Published: March 2015

Purpose: To describe the technical aspects of percutaneous balloon dilation and stenting for the treatment of venous outflow obstruction in chronic venous insufficiency. Methods: Between March 1997 and December 1998, 94 consecutive patients (median age 48 years, range 14 to 80) with suspected iliac vein obstruction in 102 limbs were studied prospectively with the intent to treat any venous occlusion or stenosis verified during femoral vein cannulation. Data from the history, clinical examination, procedure, and follow-up were recorded. Preoperative indicators of obstruction were venographic evidence of occlusion, stenosis, or pelvic collateral vessels; increased arm-foot venous pressure differential; and abnormal hyperemia-induced venous pressure elevation. Results: Cannulation and technical success rates were 98% and 97%, respectively, with 118 Wallstents deployed in 77 veins. Primary, assisted primary, and secondary patency rates at 1 year were 82%, 91%, and 92%, respectively. Clinical improvement in pain and swelling was significant. Conclusions: Stenting of benign iliac vein obstruction is a safe method with good short-term results. Venous lesions should always be stented; when treating iliocaval junction lesions, stents should be inserted well into the inferior vena cava. Absence of collateral vessels does not exclude the existence of significant obstruction, and their presence may indicate an obstruction not visualized. No gold standard for accurate pre- or intraoperative patient selection is currently available.
Endovascular Treatment of Multiple Visceral Artery Paradoxical Emboli with Mechanical and Pharmacological Thrombolysis
Authors: Sternbergh W. Charles , Ramee Stephen R. , DeVun Daniel A. , Money Samuel R. 
Published: March 2015

Purpose: To report a case of paradoxical emboli to multiple visceral vessels treated with both mechanical (AngioJet device) and pharmacological (urokinase) thrombolysis. Methods and Results: A 72-year-old man presented with a 48-hour history of symptomatic right renal ischemia, which was treated with heparinization. Five days later, an abrupt creatinine elevation prompted arteriography, which demonstrated thromboembolism of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and both renal arteries. The AngioJet aspiration device was employed to successfully remove the clot from the SMA; urokinase infusion restored flow to the left kidney. At the 16-month follow-up evaluation, the patient was normotensive without medication and had a stable creatinine (1.4 mg/dL). Conclusions: Because of its speed and minimal morbidity, the AngioJet device may be an attractive alternative to surgical embolectomy or pharmacological thrombolysis in highly selected cases of acute visceral artery thromboembolism.
Repair of Mycotic Paravisceral Aneurysm with a Fenestrated Stent-Graft
Authors: Kinney Edward V. , Kaebnick Hermann W. , Mitchell Richard A. , Jung Matthew T. 
Published: March 2015

Purpose: To report the successful endovascular repair of a mycotic paravisceral aneurysm using a fenestrated stent-graft. Methods and Results: A 55-year-old white female with a history of rheumatoid arthritis presented with an 8-cm paravisceral aneurysm secondary to pneumonia complicated by empyema. Intravascular ultrasound identified a defect in the aortic wall at the level of the celiac axis. Repair was accomplished with a fenestrated stent-graft that excluded the aneurysm and maintained flow to the celiac axis and superior mesenteric artery. Recovery was uneventful and the patient was discharged in 2 days. Six-month follow-up computed tomographic scanning confirmed aneurysm exclusion and flow to the celiac and superior mesenteric arteries. There was no evidence of graft infection. The patient died from a clinically diagnosed myocardial infarction 10 months after the stent-graft repair. Conclusions: Fenestrated stent-graft repair may evolve into a useful technique for the treatment of mycotic paravisceral aneurysms.
Midterm Changes in Aortic Aneurysm Morphology after Endovascular Repair
Authors: Resch Timothy , Ivancev Krassi , Brunkwall Jan , Nirhov Nick , Malina Martin , Lindblad Bengt 
Published: March 2015

Purpose: To study midterm changes in aortic aneurysm morphology after endovascular aneurysm repair. Methods: Of 94 patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) treated with endografts between November 1993 and August 1998, 84 were available for follow-up. Patients were evaluated preoperatively by spiral computed tomography (CT) and aortography; in follow-up, spiral CT scanning was performed at 1, 3, and 6 months and semiannually thereafter. Measurements of the aneurysm neck diameter, maximum aneurysm diameter, and the distance from the lowermost renal artery to the aortic bifurcation were made preoperatively and in follow-up. Results: Mean follow-up was 17.5 ± 1.1 months; 56 (67%) patients were followed for 1 year and 28 (33%) for ≥2 years. There was a median 2-mm increase (interquartile range [IQR] 0 to 3) in neck diameter at 18 months. However, a ≥3-mm increase was seen in 18 (46%) of 39 patients examined at 18 months (median 4 mm, IQR 3 to 4, p = 0.0001). The maximum AAA diameter decreased by 9 mm (IQR 4 to 16, p = 0.0003) at 24 months, but after 18 months, no further interval decrease was seen. Aneurysms with a persistent endoleak showed either increasing or unchanged AAA diameters. There was no change in the renal artery to bifurcation distance. Conclusions: The infrarenal aortic neck appears to dilate after AAA endografting, but only in a subset of patients. Shrinkage of aneurysms after successful stent-grafting seems to stop after 18 months, implying that the only indication of late failure in the absence of endoleak might be aneurysm enlargement. Graft-related endoleaks are often associated with an increase in aneurysm diameter.
Percutaneous Treatment of Life-Threatening Congenital Arteriovenous Malformations with the Wallgraft Endoprosthesis
Authors: Haas P. Clay , Angelini Paolo , Leachman D. Richard , Krajcer Zvonimir 
Published: March 2015

Purpose: To report the percutaneous endovascular repair of massive congenital arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the right arm complicated by tissue ischemia, severe edema, and life-threatening recurrent hemorrhagic episodes. Methods and Results: A 25-year-old man with a 3-year history of symptomatic upper right arm AVMs had been treated unsuccessfully with surgical ligation and coil embolization. The arm had become massively enlarged, disfigured, severely painful, and unusable, with extension of swelling to the upper chest. Under compassionate use as part of an investigational protocol, the AVMs were closed with 6 overlapping Wallgraft endoluminal prostheses deployed in the right brachial, axillary, and subclavian arteries, preserving the vertebral and distal circulations. Unfortunately, the patient suffered numerous pulmonary emboli and died 2 days after the procedure. Conclusions: Percutaneous treatment of massive AVMs appears feasible with the Wallgraft endoprosthesis, but optimal postprocedural management of such large anomalies should include immediate venous filter placement and aggressive anticoagulation therapy with intravenous heparin.
Endovascular AAA Repair Attenuates the Inflammatory and Renal Responses Associated with Conventional Surgery
Authors: Boyle Jonathan R. , Goodall Stephen , Thompson Jonathan P. , Bell Peter R.F. , Thompson Matthew M. 
Published: March 2015

Purpose: To quantify the inflammatory and renal parameters in comparative cohorts of patients undergoing surgical or endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). Methods: Forty-three patients (41 men; ages 58–81 years) underwent endovascular or conventional aneurysm surgery according to aortic morphology. All patients received a standard general anesthetic and had 12 serial blood and urine samples collected during the perioperative period. Samples underwent analysis for the cytokines interleukin (IL) 1β, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and IL-6. White cell and platelet activation were estimated indirectly by measuring sL-selectin and 11-dehydrothromboxane B2, respectively. The urinary albumin: creatinine ratio (ACR) and N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity were estimated to assess renal injury. Fibrinogen and fibrinogen degradation products were calculated to assess activation of the clotting cascade. Results: Twenty-three patients underwent endovascular AAA repair and 20 had conventional surgery. Concentrations of IL-6 (p < 0.002) and TNF-α (p < 0.0004) were significantly higher in the conventional group. The ACR (p < 0.002) and urinary NAGs (p < 0.0009) were also significantly higher in this group, suggesting greater renal injury. Platelet activity was significantly greater in the endovascular group (p < 0.01), perhaps indicating thrombus organization within the aneurysm sac. Conclusions: These data suggest that the inflammatory response associated with conventional aneurysm repair is largely obviated by endovascular techniques. This may potentially translate to a lower incidence of multiple organ failure after endovascular surgery.