bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term employment intensity of sectoral output growth in Tunisia
Authors: SASSI Seifallah , GOAIED Mohamed 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis article examines the long‐term ability of Tunisian industries to generate employment opportunities. Using a panel data set of 15 industries over 1983–2010, the authors estimate their long‐run output–employment elasticities, using the “mean group” estimator. They argue that economic policy should target the most labour‐intensive industries, particularly service industries and export manufacturing industries. After demonstrating the inability of the mining industry to absorb labour, the authors highlight the long‐run jobless growth in the hotel, bar and restaurant industry and suggest that future investment in this industry will yield no results and that future tourism policy should focus rather on para‐tourism activities.
The CD4+AT2R+ T cell subpopulation improves post‐infarction remodelling and restores cardiac function
Authors: Skorska Anna , von Haehling Stephan , Ludwig Marion , Lux Cornelia A. , Gaebel Ralf , Kleiner Gabriela , Klopsch Christian , Dong Jun , Curato Caterina , Altarche‐Xifró Wassim , Slavic Svetlana , Unger Thomas , Steinhoff Gustav , Li Jun , David Robert 
Published: May 2015

AbstractMyocardial infarction (MI) is a major condition causing heart failure (HF). After MI, the renin angiotensin system (RAS) and its signalling octapeptide angiotensin II (Ang II) interferes with cardiac injury/repair via the AT1 and AT2 receptors (AT1R, AT2R). Our study aimed at deciphering the mechanisms underlying the link between RAS and cellular components of the immune response relying on a rodent model of HF as well as HF patients. Flow cytometric analyses showed an increase in the expression of CD4+ AT2R+ cells in the rat heart and spleen post‐infarction, but a reduction in the peripheral blood. The latter was also observed in HF patients. The frequency of rat CD4+ AT2R+ T cells in circulating blood, post‐infarcted heart and spleen represented 3.8 ± 0.4%, 23.2 ± 2.7% and 22.6 ± 2.6% of the CD4+ cells. CD4+ AT2R+ T cells within blood CD4+ T cells were reduced from 2.6 ± 0.2% in healthy controls to 1.7 ± 0.4% in patients. Moreover, we characterized CD4+ AT2R+ T cells which expressed regulatory FoxP3, secreted interleukin‐10 and other inflammatory‐related cytokines. Furthermore, intramyocardial injection of MI‐induced splenic CD4+ AT2R+ T cells into recipient rats with MI led to reduced infarct size and improved cardiac performance. We defined CD4+ AT2R+ cells as a T cell subset improving heart function post‐MI corresponding with reduced infarction size in a rat MI‐model. Our results indicate CD4+ AT2R+ cells as a promising population for regenerative therapy, via myocardial transplantation, pharmacological AT2R activation or a combination thereof.
Telocyte dynamics in psoriasis
Authors: Manole C.G. , Gherghiceanu Mihaela , Simionescu Olga 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe presence of telocytes (TCs) as distinct interstitial cells was previously documented in human dermis. TCs are interstitial cells completely different than dermal fibroblasts. TCs are interconnected in normal dermis in a 3D network and may be involved in skin homeostasis, remodelling, regeneration and repair. The number, distribution and ultrastructure of TCs were recently shown to be affected in systemic scleroderma. Psoriasis is a common inflammatory skin condition (estimated to affect about 0.1–11.8% of population), a keratinization disorder on a genetic background. In psoriasis, the dermis contribution to pathogenesis is frequently eclipsed by remarkable epidermal phenomena. Because of the particular distribution of TCs around blood vessels, we have investigated TCs in the dermis of patients with psoriasis vulgaris using immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence (IF), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). IHC and IF revealed that CD34/PDGFRα‐positive TCs are present in human papillary dermis. More TCs were present in the dermis of uninvolved skin and treated skin than in psoriatic dermis. In uninvolved skin, TEM revealed TCs with typical ultrastructural features being involved in a 3D interstitial network in close vicinity to blood vessels in contact with immunoreactive cells in normal and treated skin. In contrast, the number of TCs was significantly decreased in psoriatic plaque. The remaining TCs demonstrated multiple degenerative features: apoptosis, membrane disintegration, cytoplasm fragmentation and nuclear extrusion. We also found changes in the phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells in small blood vessels that lost the protective envelope formed by TCs. Therefore, impaired TCs could be a ‘missed’ trigger for the characteristic vascular pathology in psoriasis. Our data explain the mechanism of Auspitz's sign, the most pathognomonic clinical sign of psoriasis vulgaris. This study offers new insights on the cellularity of psoriatic lesions and we suggest that TCs should be considered new cellular targets in forthcoming therapies.
Shear zone and nappe formation by thermal softening, related stress and temperature evolution, and application to the Alps
Authors: Schmalholz S. M. , Duretz T. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe present the results of two‐dimensional thermo‐mechanical numerical simulations of the formation of kilometre‐scale shear zones and tectonic nappes which are generated by thermal softening during horizontal shortening. This model is thermo‐mechanically coupled and conserves energy by converting mechanical work into heat. The results show that in homogeneous material, the temperature increase in shear zones caused by viscous heating can be ~100 °C. The characteristic width of the thermally perturbed part of the deforming zone is three times larger than the width of the corresponding shear zone because of diffusive heating of the wall rock. Therefore, temperature variations initiated by shear heating may be difficult to identify based on petrological inferences of field data. During lithospheric shortening with a bulk rate of 2.5 × 10−15 s−1, a nappe forms in the crust at a depth of ~45 km. Peak temperatures in the nappe reach ~600 °C (~100 °C increase due to shear heating). Significant shear heating occurs only locally and is not active continuously in time along the entire crustal shear zone. Peak values of the maximal principal stress locally reach 2.5 GPa in the nappe. Peak values of temperature and maximal principal stress increase locally to ~770 °C (~300 °C increase due to shear heating) and ~3.8 GPa, respectively, if the applied bulk shortening rate is 5 × 10−15 s−1 and if higher effective viscosities for the crust are applied. In the model lithosphere, high differential stresses (>500 MPa) and significant stress deviations from the lithostatic pressure (>50%) occur only locally and are transient. The highest average effective viscosity of the model lithosphere is ~2 × 1022 Pa s, which is in agreement with the estimates for the continental lithosphere. A characteristic feature of the presented dynamic nappe model is a significant stress decrease and cooling within a hundred thousand to 2 million years. These rates of decompression and cooling are discussed in the context of microstructural and metamorphic observations. The results also show that differential stresses in mature shear zones can be several hundred MPa smaller than at the onset of shear zone formation, which suggests that estimates based on microstructural analysis of rocks in ductile shear zones provide minimum values. The presented model could explain the formation of coherent Alpine nappes with inferred high‐pressure (1.5–2.5 GPa) and ultrahigh‐pressure (>3 GPa) conditions in 40–60 km depth at the base of an orogenic wedge.
Complications and Mortality in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement With Edwards SAPIEN & SAPIEN XT Valves: A Meta‐Analysis of World‐Wide Studies and Registries Comparing the Transapical and Transfemoral Accesses
Authors: GHATAK ABHIJIT , BAVISHI CHIRAG , CARDOSO RHANDERSON N. , MACON CONRAD , SINGH VIKAS , BADHEKA APURVA O. , PADALA SANTOSH , COHEN MAURICIO G. , MITRANI RAUL , O'NEILL WILLIAM , DE MARCHENA EDUARDO 
Published: May 2015

IntroductionBoth transfemoral (TF) and transapical (TA) routes are utilized for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) using Edwards SAPIEN & SAPIEN XT valves. We intended to perform a meta‐analysis comparing the complication rates between these two approaches in studies published before and after the standardized Valve Academic Research Consortium (VARC) definitions.MethodsWe performed a comprehensive electronic database search for studies published until January 2014 comparing TF and TA approaches using the Edwards SAPIEN/SAPIEN XT aortic valve. Studies were analyzed based on the following endpoints: 1‐year mortality, 30‐day mortality, stroke, new pacemaker implantation, bleeding, and acute kidney injury.ResultsSeventeen studies were included in the meta‐analysis. Patients undergoing TA TAVR had a significantly higher logistic EuroSCORE (24.6 ± 12.9 vs. 21.3 ± 12.0; P < 0.001). The cumulative risks for 30‐day mortality (RR 0.61; 95%CI 0.46–0.81; P = 0.001), 1‐year mortality (RR 0.68; 95%CI 0.55–0.84; P < 0.001), and acute kidney injury (RR 0.53; 95%CI 0.38–0.73; P < 0.001) were significantly lower for patients undergoing TF as compared to TA approach. Both approaches had a similar incidence of 30‐day stroke, pacemaker implantation, and major or life‐threatening bleeding. Studies utilizing the VARC definitions and those pre‐dating VARC yielded similar results.ConclusionThis meta‐analysis demonstrates a decreased 30‐day and 1‐year mortality in TF TAVR as compared to TA TAVR. Post‐procedure acute kidney injury and the need for renal replacement therapy are also significantly lower in the TF group. These differences hold true even after utilizing the standardized Valve Academic Research Consortium criteria. (J Interven Cardiol 2015;28:266–278)
Unusual Vascular Complications Associated with Transradial Coronary Procedures Among 10,324 Patients: Case Based Experience and Treatment Options
Authors: TATLI ERSAN , BUTURAK ALI , CAKAR AKIF , VATAN BULENT M. , DEGIRMENCIOGLU ALEKS , AGAC TARıK M. , KILIC HARUN , GUNDUZ HUSEYIN , AKDEMIR RAMAZAN 
Published: May 2015

ObjectivesWe aimed to present our experience regarding the unusual vascular complications and specific treatment strategies in patients who underwent transradial coronary procedure (TRC).BackgroundTransradial access provides lower vascular access site complication rates compared with transfemoral access. However, there is lack of data obtained from large study populations concerning the incidence and treatment strategies of hemorrhagic and vascular complications following a TRC in the literature.Methods10,324 patients (2,652 patients with percutaneous coronary intervention and 7,672 patients with a diagnostic transradial coronary angiography) who underwent a TRC from February 2010 to December 2014 were reviewed to identify cases of large hematoma, perforation, arteriovenous fistula, and pseudoaneurysm.ResultsThe observed incidence was 0.44% (45 patients) for all unusual vascular and hemorrhagic complications. Of these 45 patients; 32 patients (0.31%) presented with large hematoma (≥6 cm), 8 patients (0.08%) presented with perforation, 4 patients (0.04%) presented with arteriovenous fistula (AVF), and only 1 case (0.009%) presented with radial artery pseudoaneurysm. Forty‐one of forty‐five patients were managed with mechanical compression. Surgery was performed in only 3 cases; a patient with a brachial artery perforation leading to compartment syndrome, a patient with AVF resulting in limb ischemia, and a patient with radial artery pseudoaneurysm. A right internal mammarian artery perforation resulting in huge breast hematoma was treated via endovascular graft stent implantation.ConclusionsHemorrhagic and vascular complications are rarely seen during TRC. However, majority of these complications could be managed conservatively without a requirement for surgical reconstruction. (J Interven Cardiol 2015;28:305–312)
The role of patch testing in the management of oral lichenoid reactions
Authors: Suter Valerie G. A. , Warnakulasuriya Saman 
Published: May 2015

Background and ObjectivesThe distinction of oral lichenoid reactions from oral lichen planus may be difficult in a clinical setting. Our aims were to ascertain the utility of patch testing to confirm the association of oral lichenoid reactions with dental restorations and to identify the benefits of replacement of restorations, primarily made of amalgam.MethodsPatients seen in an oral medicine unit over a 10‐year period diagnosed with oral lichenoid reactions, with oral lichen planus resistant to treatment or with atypical lichenoid features were included in this study. All had been subjected to skin patch testing. Histopathology reports blinded to patch test results were scrutinized. Patch‐test‐positive subjects were advised to have their restorations replaced. All were followed up to determine disease resolution for at least 3 months thereafter.ResultsAmong 115 patients, 67.8% patients reacted positive to a dental material and nearly a quarter to mercury or amalgam. No correlation was found between pathology and skin patch testing results (P = 0.44). A total of 87 patients were followed up in clinic, and among 26 patch‐test‐positive patients who had their amalgam fillings replaced, moderate to complete resolution was noted in 81%.ConclusionsSkin patch testing is a valuable tool to confirm clinically suspected oral lichenoid reactions. Pathology diagnoses of oral lichenoid reactions did not correlate with patch test results. Prospective studies are needed to ascertain that a clinically suspected oral lichenoid reaction with a positive patch test result may resolve after the replacement of amalgam fillings.
Synchronic and diachronic variation in the use of spatial frames of reference: An analysis of Japanese route instruction
Authors: Kataoka Kuniyoshi , Asahi Yoshiyuki 
Published: May 2015

By focusing on everyday use of spatial ‘frames of reference’ (FOR) in route instruction, we propose some possible explanations for the seemingly contradictory trends observed in FOR‐based and deixis‐based spatial expressions in Japanese. We examined the data obtained in a series of longitudinal surveys conducted in Japan over 50 years (1953, 1972 and 2008). Our GoldVarb analysis confirmed what is called a ‘retrograde’ lifespan change. This indicates that, first, synchronically, the preference for External FOR (that is, based on North‐South‐East‐West) increases as community members grow older. This means they shift toward the local norm through ‘age‐grading’. Secondly, diachronically, the preference for Internal FOR (based on Right‐Left‐Front‐Back) has gradually increased over the past century. There is, therefore, a ‘generational change’ motivated by the linguistic marketplace. In contrast, as a community‐wide preference for Internal FOR expressions prevails, there is an accompanying gradual decrease in the use of deictic expressions such as ‘here/there/over there’. This indicates a partially complementary relationship between deixis and Internal FOR.
Stancetaking and the joint construction of zine producer identities in a research interview
Authors: Stockburger Inge Z. 
Published: May 2015

This article examines the construction of zine producer identities (self and other) during a research interview. Zines are self‐published texts that circulate in mainly underground communities. In this study, I draw on dialogic understandings of the notion of ‘stance’ to show how a zine producer accomplishes a situated identity performance in the interview that also functions as an interdiscursive move in a larger conversation about the role Do‐It‐Yourself (DIY) ethics should play in zine communities. Specifically, I show how this speaker displays stances in relation to recognizable social types within zine communities but also the canonical stances associated with these social types. I unpack the features that work in support of this stancetaking, including discourse markers, constructed dialogue, referring terms, and prosodic cues. The analysis also foregrounds how the interviewer's turns contributed to these emergent stance displays, which furthers our understanding of the dynamic social context of the research interview.
Patterns of emergency department use for dental and oral health care: implications for dental and medical care coordination
Authors: DeLia Derek , Lloyd Kristen , Feldman Cecile A. , Cantor Joel C. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractObjectivesTo describe emergency department (ED) utilization for oral conditions (OCs) focusing on total volume, costs, repeat utilization, small area predictors, and implications for dental and medical care coordination.MethodsAdministrative and demographic data for New Jersey were used to identify users of the ED for OCs and a group of “high users,” defined as individuals with four or more ED visits for OCs during 2008‐2010. Cost‐to‐charge ratios were used to estimate costs, and linear regression models applied to zip codes were used to determine strongest predictors of small area variation in ED use for OCs.ResultsED visits for OC generated $25.5 million in costs during 2008‐2010. High users represented 4.2 percent of all users and 21.3 percent of ED visits for OCs. Almost all high users had a diagnosis of “dental disorder not otherwise specified,” and tobacco use disorder was the most common comorbid medical condition. Young adults (ages 19‐34), non‐Hispanic blacks, and the medically uninsured were over‐represented among high users. High users routinely spread their use across multiple hospitals (e.g., 40 percent of them visited three or more hospitals). Local dentist supply and ED use for other conditions were significant predictors of zip code‐level ED use for OCs.ConclusionsCoordination of medical and dental treatment might improve health and reduce costs if targeted to high user populations. Health‐care delivery reforms, such as accountable care organizations, could provide vehicles for achieving this coordination. Important challenges include fragmentation of ED visits across hospitals, adequacy of dentist supply, and broader reliance on the ED for health problems.
Seasonal variation and freezing response of glucose transporter 2 in liver of the wood frog: implications for geographic variation in freeze tolerance
Authors: Rosendale A. J. , Lee R. E. , Costanzo J. P. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractSubarctic populations of the wood frog Rana sylvatica survive freezing to temperatures at least 10–13°C below those of more southerly conspecifics. This profound freeze tolerance is due in part to an enhanced glucosic cryoprotectant system that requires rapid mobilization of glucose from hepatocytes during the early hours of freezing. To determine if glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) in the liver contributes to geographic variation in freeze tolerance, we examined changes in the protein's abundance seasonally and in response to experimental freezing in frogs from Interior Alaska and southern Ohio, USA. Using immunoblotting techniques, we found that GLUT2 abundance increased in preparation for winter in both populations, but tests with Ohioan frogs showed that that altered temperature alone does not cause these seasonal changes. In Ohioan frogs, transporter expression apparently was regulated transcriptionally, as mRNA levels, assessed using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, changed in accordance with protein abundance. However, this pattern was not observed in Alaskan frogs, suggesting that other mechanisms of regulation are important in this phenotype. Overall, GLUT2 abundance was constitutively greater and more responsive to freezing in Alaskan R. sylvatica, suggesting that GLUT2 contributes substantively to the extreme freeze tolerance of subarctic wood frogs.
Peter Winch on the Concept of Persuasion
Authors: Durante Raffaele 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe aim of the paper is to give an account of Peter Winch's conception of persuasion. According to Winch, persuasive arguments are those carried out in order to let an interlocutor with a different world picture, and thus a different epistemology, see the point of our practices and beliefs. This involves convincing him of the fact that his way of thinking is neither unique nor better than other ones. Furthermore, given that there is no guarantee that one can arrive at a complete understanding of alien practices, persuasion may, in some cases, aim at the impossible.
Persuading the Tortoise
Authors: Marconi Diego 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn On Certainty, Wittgenstein addressed the issue of beliefs that are not to be argued for, either because any grounds we could produce are less certain than the belief they are supposed to ground, or because our interlocutors would not accept our reasons. However, he did not address the closely related issue of justifying a conclusion to interlocutors who do not see that it follows from premises they accept. In fact, Wittgenstein had discussed the issue in the Remarks on the Foundations of Mathematics; his view had been that certain inferential practices are constitutive of our notions of thinking and inferring. I argue that his treatment of unfounded beliefs in On Certainty essentially replicates, mutatis mutandis, his treatment of basic logical inference.
Postpartum Mental Health Promotion: Perspectives from Mothers and Home Visitors
Authors: Chartier Mariette J. , Attawar Dhiwya , Volk Jennifer S. , Cooper Marion , Quddus Farzana , McCarthy Julie‐Anne 
Published: May 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe object of this study was to examine the implementation of the Towards Flourishing Mental Health Promotion Strategy, a demonstration project designed to promote the mental well‐being of parents and their children that was added to an existing public health home visiting program.Design and SampleStructured interviews were conducted with program stakeholders including 13 women receiving home visiting services in the postpartum period and 6 home visitors.MeasuresThematic analysis of individual transcripts was conducted and results were compiled according to common themes.ResultsThe results indicate that women and home visitors perceived the integration of a mental health promotion strategy into an existing public health program as feasible, acceptable and useful. The strategy provides a mechanism for women and home visitors to dialog about mental health and appears to have early positive impacts on the women. Factors that facilitated and impeded the successful implementation of the strategy are described.ConclusionThese results point to promising strategies to reach women early in the postpartum period to support their mental health. They also shed light on the barriers to supporting mental health, indicating the need to address stigma related to mental health and the social determinants of health.