bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydraulic Transport of Large Solid Particles in Inclined Pipes Under Pulsating Flow Conditions
Authors: Masanobu Sotaro , Takano Satoru , Yamamoto Marcio , Park Hyun Jin , Tasaka Yuji , Murai Yuichi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The pressure loss due to the hydraulic transport of large solid particles should be predicted for the design of subsea mining systems. The mixture flow in a flexible jumper is expected to be unsteady during lifting operations in an actual mining system. The authors develop a one-dimensional mathematical model that predicts such pressure loss under pulsating mixture flows in a static inclined pipe assuming that the flow in the jumper is fully developed. An experiment is performed on the hydraulic transport of solid particles to obtain data for model validation. In this experiment, several kinds of solid particles are used: alumina beads, glass beads, and gravel. The experimental parameters are mixture velocity, solid concentration, pulsation period and amplitude of water velocity, and pipe inclination angle. The proposed model is validated through a comparison with experimental data. The validation confirms that the model is applicable for the prediction of the pressure loss in inclined pipes under pulsating flow conditions. Furthermore, we calculate the pressure loss due to the hydraulic transport of polymetallic sulfide ores using the proposed model. The calculation results show that the time-averaged pressure loss drastically varies with the pipe inclination angle, reaching its maximum value between the pipe inclination angles of 30 deg and 60 deg, at which the flow is inclined upward. The results also show that the amplitude of pressure loss pulsation differs little between pipe inclination angles and that the pulsation component of pressure loss should be considered in designing lifting systems.
Interference Effects on Flow-Induced Oscillation of Three Tandem Cylinders With Passive Turbulence Control
Authors: Li Huaijun , Bernitsas Michael M. , Sun Hai 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The characteristics of flow-induced oscillation (FIO) of multiple tandem cylinders with passive turbulence control (PTC) change due to interference between PTC cylinders. Identifying positive and negative interferences is vital for designing marine structures involving PTC cylinders on elastic supports. Experiments on a single PTC cylinder, two PTC cylinders and three PTC cylinders in tandem were conducted to study the interferences due to placing an identical oscillating PTC cylinder upstream, downstream, and both upstream and downstream. Critical parameters (damping, stiffness) and Reynolds number (Re) are varied in the tests. The onset inflow velocity of oscillation is reduced and back-to-back vortex-induced vibration (VIV) and galloping is achieved, when placing interference cylinders in the vicinity of the basic oscillator. The interference due to the downstream cylinder enhances FIO of the basic oscillator. In the VIV region, one interference downstream cylinder is more effective than two interference downstream cylinders. In the galloping region, the enhancement improves for two interference cylinders for lower stiffness and damping ratios. The interference upstream cylinder tends to suppress FIO of the basic oscillator for higher stiffness. The suppression of one upstream cylinder is more vigorous than that of two upstream cylinders in the VIV region, and the opposite is true in the galloping region. When two interference cylinders are placed both downstream and upstream of the basic oscillator, its FIO is enhanced for the lower stiffness whilst it is suppressed for the higher stiffness.
A Waste Heat Assessment of a Manufacturing Facility With Consideration for Demand Matching Through Thermal Energy Storage
Authors: Gladen Adam C. , Xiao Xuelei , Zeller Alexander , Yu Yao 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A waste heat assessment of a manufacturing facility was conducted. A physical survey identified potential waste heat sources. For these sources, the temporal fluctuations in temperature and flowrate, and the frequency of occurrence of the waste heat, were determined from measurements, calculations, and company records. The energy and exergy of the waste heat were calculated. The total annual waste heat is 36.5 TJ of energy, which represents 0.84 TJ of exergy. The boiler, plant vacuums, and chiller comprise 96% of the energy rejected and are the major contributors to the rejected exergy. Using the waste heat for space heating is evaluated. Based on fuel consumption in the boiler, the annual energy for space heating is estimated at 8.5 TJ. Theoretically, waste heat from the boiler flue, polypropylene dryers, and plant vacuums could meet up to 39% of this energy without storage. Simply allowing the vacuum exhausts to cool in the building could theoretically meet up to 27%. Models are developed to investigate using waste heat recovery and thermal energy storage (TES) to provide space heating for a prototype warehouse building, and estimates for the initial costs of the recovery system are developed. Modeling indicates that TES is highly beneficial for matching short-term demand fluctuations and for smoothing the temporal oscillations in the waste heat. A nine-month heating season is simulated to determine the fraction of the load met by the recovery system. A small amount of thermal storage, e.g., 12.5–25% of daily waste heat, improved the fraction of demand that could be met. Larger sizes had diminishing returns and significantly increased the initial cost and payback period. To reduce initial cost, a refined recovery system design that uses a TES as an intermediate and for storage is proposed. The study highlights the need to consider fluctuations in the waste heat supply and sink demand, for thermal storage, and to identify relatively simple modifications to recover waste heat.
Machine Learning Versus Empirical Models to Predict Daily Global Solar Irradiation in an Average Year: Homogeneous Parallel Ensembles Prevailed
Authors: De Souza Keith 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Accurate predictive daily global horizontal irradiation models are essential for diverse solar energy applications. Their long-term performances can be assessed using average years. This study scrutinized 70 machine learning and 44 empirical models using two disjoint 5-year average daily training and validation datasets, each comprising 365 records and ten features. The features included day number, minimum and maximum air temperature, air temperature amplitude, theoretical and observed sunshine hours, theoretical extraterrestrial horizontal irradiation, relative sunshine, cloud cover, and relative humidity. Fourteen machine learning algorithms, namely, multiple linear regression, ridge regression, Lasso regression, elastic net regression, Huber regression, k-nearest neighbors, decision tree, support vector machine, multilayer perceptron, extreme learning machine, generalized regression neural network, extreme gradient boosting, gradient boosting machine, and light gradient boosting machine were trained, validated, and instantiated as base learners in four strategically designed homogeneous parallel ensembles—variants of pasting, random subspace, bagging, and random patches—which also were scrutinized, producing 70 models. Specific hyperparameters from the algorithms were optimized. Validation showed that at least two ensembles outperformed its individual model. Huber-subspace ranked first with a root mean square error of 1.495 MJ/m2/day. The multilayer perceptron was most robust to the random perturbations of the ensembles which extrapolate to good tolerance to ground-truth data noise. The best empirical model returned a validation root mean square error of 1.595 MJ/m2/day but was outperformed by 93% of the machine learning models with the homogeneous parallel ensembles producing superior predictive accuracies.
Dehydration of Onion Slices for Food Processing Application Using Internet of Things-Based Smart Solar Drying System
Authors: Walke Santosh , Mandake Manoj , Naniwadekar Makarand , Tapre Ravi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Indian onion producers experience significant economic losses as a result of the unpredictable fluctuations in onion prices during the harvesting and postharvest stages. To address these difficulties and increase farmers' earnings, the transformation of onions into value-added goods such as onion paste, onion powder, onion sauce, and onion oil has emerged as a possible option. The objective of this project is to create a smart solar drying system based on Internet of Things (IoT) technique specifically designed for the dehydration of recently harvested red onions. In April 2023, a series of five experimental tests were carried out, examining the effects of different onion slice thicknesses ranging from 2 mm to 4 mm, with intervals of 0.5 mm. Each trial consisted of running the dryer for a duration of 9 h, specifically from 9:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m., throughout the daylight hours for three consecutive days. The experiment involved evaluating different drying characteristics, such as moisture content on dry and wet bases, shrinkage ratio, and thermal efficiency. The drying time required to achieve a 10% moisture level (w.b.) was reduced by 30.19%, 16.98%, 11.32%, and 3.77% when comparing a 4-mm slice thickness to thinner alternatives of 2 mm, 2.5 mm, 3 mm, and 3.5 mm, respectively. The dryer had a superior thermal efficiency of 27.89% when the thickness was 2 mm, in contrast to 19.50% when the thickness was 4 mm. Significantly, onions that were dehydrated from slices measuring 2 mm and 2.5 mm in thickness showed exceptional suitability for the production of powdered onion.
Study on Internal Load Distribution of Deep Groove Ball Bearings Considering Raceway Surface Waviness
Authors: Liu Ming , Xu Kunpeng , Wei Xingxiao , Liu Xu , Pei Xun , Wang Bo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A full circumferential contact mechanical modeling study considering the effect of the contact relationship between the waviness mesoscopic profile and the rolling element on bearing load distribution is carried out. In the model, a sinusoidal function is adopted to simulate the profile of the waviness section. According to the contact tangency condition, a model of the contact deformation relationship between a single rolling element and the raceways is established. On this basis, a full circumferential rolling element contact load distribution model of the bearing is established by introducing the contact deformations between all rolling elements and the raceway surfaces. Focusing on contact deformations between the full circumferential rolling elements and the raceways, this is a more accurate model and reflects the load distribution state inside the bearing more realistically. The correctness of the mechanical analysis model proposed in this article is verified by an average error of 3.06% between the more computationally efficient mechanical analysis model and a full finite element model. Further, based on the model, the influence of the waviness parameters on the load distribution inside the bearing under different types of load conditions is analyzed.
In Vitro Wear of Titanium Reinforced Hydroxyapatite Coatings in Simulated Body Fluid
Authors: Tiwari Srikant , Mishra S. B. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Titanium-reinforced hydroxyapatite (Ti-HAP) coatings have been deposited over 254 SMO stainless steel using a low-velocity oxygen fuel technique. FESEM, XRD, Vickers microhardness, and shear strength tests have been performed to characterize the developed coatings. Further, in vitro wear behaviors of the coatings were evaluated using a pin-on-disc wear tester in simulated body fluid. The results reveal that 40Ti-HAP coating possesses superior wear resistance compared to 60Ti-HAP, Ti, and HAP coatings, attributed to higher surface hardness and higher shear strength values. Amongst the tested samples, the friction coefficient was lower for Ti coating, followed by 60Ti-HAP composite coating. The surface roughness was a prominent factor in reducing the friction coefficient of coating samples. Local detachment and brittle fracture were the dominant wear modes in Ti-HAP coating, whereas an additional micro-plowing wear mode was observed in pure hydroxyapatite and titanium coating.
Molecular Structures, Tribological Properties, and Working Mechanisms of Sulfur- and Phosphorus-Free Organic Molybdenum as Additives in Lubricants: A Short Review
Authors: Qi Wei , Chen Lei , Liu Hui-Chuan , Lv Lin-Gao 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Traditional oil-soluble organic molybdenum (OM) as friction modifiers (FMs) in engine oils contain sulfur and/or phosphorus. Both sulfur and phosphorus are detrimental to the automotive exhaust gas catalysts. Consequently, sulfur and phosphorus in commercial engine oils are limited seriously by laws. Recently, oil-soluble sulfur- and phosphorus-free organic molybdenum (SPFMo) has been developed and measured intensively. This article reviews the molecular structures, tribological properties, and working mechanisms of SPFMo as FM in oils. Some bottlenecks that constrain the wide applications of SPFMo in engine oils are also summarized. In addition, some routes for overcoming the bottlenecks are suggested. Finally, some potential developments of SPFMo in the future are proposed. This review will provide a comprehensive understanding of SPFMo to the researchers in the field of oil additives.
Optimal Design of Assembling Robot Considering Different Limb Topologies and Layouts
Authors: Lian Binbin , Guo Jinhua , He Zhiyuan , Song Yimin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A class of 5 degree-of-freedom (DoF) hybrid robots consisting of one translational and two rotational (1T2R) parallel module and 2 T serial module is presented for assembling in the aircraft cabin. The 1T2R parallel modules are with three limb topologies (PRS, RRS, and internal closed loop) and two layouts (symmetrical and “T” shape). Herein, P, R, and S denote prismatic, rotational, and spherical joints. This article presents the multi-objective optimization of the hybrid robot regarding different limb topology, limb layout, and corresponding dimensions as design variables. Considering demands from the in-cabin assembling, kinematic, linear stiffness along z-axis and total mass of the robot are the objectives. The Pareto fronts and cooperative equilibrium point (CEP) indicate that the robot with 3-PRS and 3-RRS parallel module have better performances than the one with internal closed loop. The overall performances of robot with symmetrical layout are superior than the one with “T” shape layout. In addition, two optimization methods are compared. One is to separately optimize six robots with specific topology and layout. The other is to optimize all design variables in a model. It is found that six robots have their own performance zones. Therefore, final optimums of two methods are close to each other. But optimization in one model is able to eliminate unfeasible topologies in the early stage of searching and thus is more efficient. Optimal module is 3-PRS with symmetrical layout. Experiments on the physical prototype validate performances of the optimal robot.
A Novel Head-Following Algorithm for Multi-Joint Articulated Driven Continuum Robots
Authors: Yang Jianyu , Li Xuanting , Sheng Zhongqi , Ma Xiaofeng , Shi Hui , Xie Hualong 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Head-following (tracking) issue is a challenge in developing multijoint continuum robots. However, various approaches have been developed in head-following algorithm for articulated-driven mechanism (ADM) continuum robots, and problems still exist such as low end accuracy, large trajectory deviation, and low computational efficiency. This article presents a novel head-following (NHF) algorithm with high precision, small trajectory deviation, and high computational efficiency for multijoint ADM continuum robots. The proposed algorithm first uses the follow-the-leader (FTL) method to search for planning points. Second, the end-effector errors are calculated, split, and adjusted. Third, the error judgment set is assigned based on the error rate of the end-effector, and also the joints that need to be adjusted are determined. Finally, the joint angles are iteratively adjusted. In this article, the NHF algorithm is simulated on ADM continuum robots with separately 10, 20, and 31 joints. The result shows that, comparing with other FTL algorithms, NHF algorithm has the highest end accuracy, and the smallest trajectory deviation.
On the Development of High-Lift, High-Work Low-Pressure Turbines
Authors: Clark John P. , Paniagua Guillermo , Cukurel Beni 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Here, we describe a combined design, numerical, and experimental program intended substantially to increase the lift and work of low-pressure turbine stages. This exercise is critically dependent upon the appropriate modeling of boundary-layer transition over airfoil surfaces. The effort proceeds through the design of turbine stages consistent with future unmanned air vehicle engine cycles. Then, a series of experiments are described that increase in complexity while driving the technology to more realistic embodiments. Representative experimental data are compared to pre-test predictions of the flow field, and it is shown that acceptable Reynolds-lapse behavior is achievable even for turbines with significantly increased lift and work over state-of-the-art systems. Additionally, it is shown that through the judicious use of appropriate flow control technologies, it is possible to improve further the lapse characteristics of very high-lift airfoils. Finally, the benefits of applying such high-lift, high-work low-pressure turbine components are outlined with respect to a notional aircraft system, and future experiments are proposed.
Evolutionary genomic analyses of canine
E. coli
infections identify a relic capsular locus associated with resistance to multiple classes of antimicrobials
Authors: Ceres Kristina , Zehr Jordan D. , Murrell Chloe , Millet Jean K. , Sun Qi , McQueary Holly C. , Horton Alanna , Cazer Casey , Sams Kelly , Reboul Guillaume , Andreopoulos William B. , Mitchell Patrick K. , Anderson Renee , Franklin-Guild Rebecca , Cronk Brittany D. , Stanhope Bryce J. , Burbick Claire R. , Wolking Rebecca , Peak Laura , Zhang Yan , McDowall Rebeccah , Krishnamurthy Aparna , Slavic Durda , Sekhon Prabhjot kaur , Tyson Gregory H. , Ceric Olgica , Stanhope Michael J. , Goodman Laura B. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant
Escherichia coli
are the leading cause of death attributed to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) worldwide, and the known AMR mechanisms involve a range of functional proteins. Here, we employed a pan-genome wide association study (GWAS) approach on over 1,000
E. coli
isolates from sick dogs collected across the US and Canada and identified a strong statistical association (empirical
P
< 0.01) of AMR, involving a range of antibiotics to a group 1 capsular (CPS) gene cluster. This cluster included genes under relaxed selection pressure, had several loci missing, and had pseudogenes for other key loci. Furthermore, this cluster is widespread in
E. coli
and
Klebsiella
clinical isolates across multiple host species. Earlier studies demonstrated that the octameric CPS polysaccharide export protein Wza can transmit macrolide antibiotics into the
E. coli
periplasm. We suggest that the CPS in question, and its highly divergent Wza, functions as an antibiotic trap, preventing antimicrobial penetration. We also highlight the high diversity of lineages circulating in dogs across all regions studied, the overlap with human lineages, and regional prevalence of resistance to multiple antimicrobial classes.

IMPORTANCE

Much of the human genomic epidemiology data available for
E. coli
mechanism discovery studies has been heavily biased toward shiga-toxin producing strains from humans and livestock.
E. coli
occupies many niches and produces a wide variety of other significant pathotypes, including some implicated in chronic disease. We hypothesized that since dogs tend to share similar strains with their owners and are treated with similar antibiotics, their pathogenic isolates will harbor unexplored AMR mechanisms of importance to humans as well as animals. By comparing over 1,000 genomes with
in vitro
antimicrobial susceptibility data from sick dogs across the US and Canada, we identified a strong multidrug resistance association with an operon that appears to have once conferred a type 1 capsule production system.
The characteristics of autolysins associated with cell separation in
Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Li Rui , Chu Ronghao , Ban Rui 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

The peptidoglycan hydrolases responsible for the cell separation of
Bacillus subtilis
cells are collectively referred to as autolysins. However, the role of each autolysin in the cell separation of
B. subtilis
is not fully understood. In this study, we constructed a series of cell separation-associated autolysin deficient strains and strains overexpressing the transcription factors SlrR and SinR, and the morphological changes of these strains in liquid culture were observed. The results showed that the absence of D,L-endopeptidases CwlS and LytF only increased the cell chain length in the early exponential phase. The absence of D,L-endopeptidase LytE or N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanine amidase LytC can cause cells to form chains throughout the growth of
B. subtilis
, although the cell chain length was significantly shortened during the stationary phase. However, the absence of peptidoglycan N-acetylglucosaminidase LytD only caused minor defect in cell separation. Therefore, we concluded that LytE and LytC were the major autolysins that ensure the timely separation of
B. subtilis
daughter cells, whereas CwlS, LytF, and LytD were the minor autolysins. In addition, overexpression of the transcription factors SinR and SlrR in the
cwlS lytF lytC lytE
mutant enabled
B. subtilis
cells to form ultra-long chains in the vegetative phase, and its biomass level was basically the same as that of the wild type. This led to the conclusion that besides inhibiting the expression of
lytC
and
lytF
, the SinR–SlrR complex also has other potential mechanisms to inhibit cell separation.

IMPORTANCE

In this study, the effects of CwlS, LytC, LytD, LytF, LytE, and SinR–SlrR complex on the cell separation of
Bacillus subtilis
at different growth phases were studied, and an ultra-long-chained
B. subtilis
strain was constructed. In microbial fermentation, due to its large cell size, this ultra-long-chained
B. subtilis
strain may be more likely to be precipitated or intercepted during the removal of bacterial process with centrifugation and membrane filtration as the main methods, which is crucial to improve the purity of the product.