bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mid-Volga Oak Woods: Condition, Regeneration аnd Conservation
Authors: Пуряев А.С. , Зарипов И.Н. , Петров В.А. 
Published: July 2024

Приведен исторический обзор распространения и эволюции дубрав Среднего Поволжья. Указаны причины деградации дубовых насаждений. Проанализированы данные по установлению площадей дубрав, характеризующие их современное состояние. Рассмотрены существующие разработки по восстановлению, формированию дубовых насаждений, а также современные исследования в области сохранения и воспроизводства дубрав региона.
The paper stresses that MidVolga oak woods were always subject to active forest exploitation human activities. Historical review of MidVolga oak formation development by several researchers shows that commercial activities in oak woods in the region sufficiently impacted this species plantation condition over 300 years. It is outlined that reasons of oak plantation productivity and quality reduction were imperfection of forest management in oak woods, periodical negative climate factors and especially oak phytocoenosis growing in its area boundaries with sufficient impacts. Modern analysis of oak wood origin in the region found that mainly low stem oak woods (67 of total area) prevail. High stem oak woods have advantage over low stem ones in Republic of Tatarstan, Republic of Chuvashiya and Mry El Republic. Research developments to produce common oak planting stock planting stock its regeneration and shaping in plantations. It is outlined that in the region there is ongoing research to regenerate and shape oak woods which enables development of innovative technologies to regenerate and conserve oak forests in the region.
Study of Dendrophilous Insects at Forest Research Stations of the Institute of Forest Science Russian Academy of Sciences
Authors: Петров А.В. , Уткина И.А. , Рубцов В.В. 
Published: July 2024

Приведен краткий анализ результатов энтомологических исследований в насаждениях стационаров Института лесоведения РАН. В процессе многолетних исследований изучались особенности популяционной динамики дендрофильных насекомых, закономерности формирования агрессивных ассоциативных комплексов ксилофильных насекомых с патогенными микроорганизмами и проникновение чужеродных видов насекомых в насаждения европейской части России. Проанализированы особенности динамики численности основных видов филлофагов на юго-востоке лесостепи в современных климатических условиях.
A brief analysis of the issues of entomological investigations in forest stands of the Institute of Forest Science Russian Academy of Sciences (IFS RAS) has been carried out. In the process of long-term stationary studies, the features of the population dynamics of the main species of phyllophagous insects, their impact on the health condition of oak trees of various phenological forms and on plantings in general against the background of climatic changes, as well as the consortive relations of xylophilous insects with their host plants were studied using the example of bark beetles. In long time period specialists of the institute studied insects in forest stations of Moscow, Voronezh and Volgograd regions. Articles by Gruntal S. Yu., Korolkova G. E., Moravskaya A. S., Lindeman G. V., Rafes P. M. and Rubtsova N. N. focus on the study of insects, as components of ecological communities. The bark beetles are one of the most serious threats to the forest of European part of Russia. A detailed study of the biological characteristics of the feeding of beetles and their pogeny, the population dynamics of certain species of bark beetles, and the mortality factors of progeny was carried out in forest stations of IFS RAS. The processes of bark beetles spread in recent decades due to climate change have been characterized. The study of the patterns of formation of aggressive associative complexes of bark beetles with pathogenic microorganisms is the most urgent task for prospective studies at forest research stations of the IFS RAS.
Theory of Sustainability in the Practice of Forest Pathological Surveys of Recreational Forests (on the Example of the Stands of the Serebryanoborsky Experimental Forestry of the ILAN RAS)
Authors: Стороженко В.Г. 
Published: July 2024

Приведены результаты оценки состояния основных лесообразующих пород при различных рекреационных и техногенных нагрузках в лесах Серебряноборского опытного лесничества Института лесоведения РАН, составляющих зеленый пояс г. Москвы. Показана возможность разделения массивов лесов по степени их устойчивости и определения перспектив их формирования при естественном ходе развития с использованием разработок теории устойчивости как фундаментальной основы отечественного лесоведения и лесоводства.
The aim of the work is to use the development of the theory of sustainability as the fundamental basis of national forestry and silviculture, to show the possibility of separating forest areas of the main forest-forming species of recreational use according to their degree of stability and to determine the prospects for their formation during the natural course of development.The data on determining the state of the main forest species under various recreational and man-made loads in the Serebryanoborsky experimental forest area of the Institute of Forest Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, which constitute the green belt of Moscow, are given. The distribution and influence on the condition of trees and trees stands of the pine Peridermium pini and Heterobasidion annosum in of natural and artificial origin are considered. All stands of Serebryanoborsky experimental forestry are divided according to the gradations of resistance into absolutely sustainable, sustainable, relatively sustainable, and unsustainable forest communities. Pine forests of natural origin are relatively resistant. Pine stands, according to a set of sustainability criteria, belong to unsustainable formations with the prospect of reforming deciduous formations into forests by factors of endogenous (fungal diseases) and exogenous (sanitary felling) effects. The influence of road transport emissionson the state of the main forest-forming species of forestry at different distancesfrom MKAD is considered. For all the forests surveyed, the prospects for their formation during the natural course of development were determined. Practical application of fundamental scientific statements concerning the theory of forest sustainability allows to critically evaluate their current state, the prospects for transformation into forests of other structures in the foreseeable future and makes it possible to optimize forest management measures for the formation of sustainable forests according to silvicultural and sanitary criteria.
The Structure of Aspen Stands of the Republic of Tatarstan and their Productivity
Authors: Гарипов Н.Р. , Пуряев А.С. 
Published: July 2024

Приведены результаты исследований, характеризующие структуру осинников Республики Татарстан. Выполнена сравнительная оценка производительности осиновых насаждений взависимости от географических (геоморфологических) районов их произрастания итипов лесорастительных условий.
Research findings featuring structural arrangement and productivity of aspen woods in the Tatarstan Republic in 3physic-geographical regions: Pre-Volga, Pre-Kama, Trans-Kama. Studies of the Tatarstan Republic key forest stand range, its accumulation of mean stem timber growing stock including mean annual growing stock variation, its classification based on site index categories and relative density was done with regard to forest growing types in age groups. Basic data analysis resulted in proof of rich high inventory indicator tropho-type availability in the Tatarstan Republic. The presented data based on real data in mature and over-mature aspen woods in the Tatarstan Republic and its possible stem core rot damage enables promotion of forest management operation development to reconstruct key forest stands with apriority of special purpose forest management targeted at this tree species with regard to territory forest growing conditions.
Modern Condition of Nursery Forest Soils of the Leningrad Region
Authors: Дурова А.С. , Фетисова А.А. 
Published: July 2024

Состояние почв лесных питомников является одним из лимитирующих факторов, оказывающих влияние на выход стандартного посадочного материала. Встатье приводится комплексная оценка состояния почв всеми лесных питомниках, расположенных на территории Ленинградской обл. Изучены агрохимические параметры и дана характеристика зараженности почв фитофлорой иэнтомовредителями.
The article presents acomprehensive analysis of the current state of the soil fields in seven existing district forest areas of the Leningrad region: Lodeynopolskoye, SyasStroyevskoye, Prigorodnoye, Luzhskoye, Svirskoye, Gonginskoye and Krivkovskoe. All surveyed nurseries were organized with the aim of growing planting material and specializing in the cultivation of pine and spruce seedlings. In the course of the study, soil samples were taken from the entire production area of the nurseries under study. The main aim of the study was to investigate and analyze the agrochemical properties of nurseries soils. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved. The granulometric composition of the soils was studied, and such agrochemical parameters as the total nitrogen content, hydrolytic acidity of the soils, the proportion of organic matter, the amount of absorbed bases, pH of the salt extract, as well as the determination of mobile compounds of phosphorus and potassium were also evaluated. In addition, soil contamination of the fields with phytophlora and pests was checked. All of the above analyzes were carried out according to generally accepted methods in the accredited laboratory of the soil chemical department of the branch of Roslesozashita Center of Forest Protection of Leningrad Region . The conducted studies allowed to give acomparative assessment of the soil of the nursery fields according to the main agrochemical parameters, to characterize the degree of soil contamination by the plant with phytophlora and pest infestations, to give adetailed description of the state of the fields of each nursery studied.
Optical Patterns Measurement of the Diameters of the Trunks of Trees
Authors: Южаков Д.С. , Николаев А.И. 
Published: July 2024

Измерение диаметра ствола дерева традиционными измерительными инструментами при таксации лесных насаждений приводит к возникновению погрешности субъективного характера, выходящей за пределы допустимых значений. В статье обосновывается применение основных геометрических и оптических знаний при разработке нового инструментария, позволяющего проводить измерения диаметров деревьев с большей эффективностью.
The article analyzes the problems of increasing the accuracy of measuring the diameter of tree trunks and ways to solve them using the developed optical tool. The article describes the way of modeling and creating a new optical instrument. This development is related to the imperfection of the currently widely used tools That lead to errors related to the human factor. The reasons for errors when measuring the diameter of trunks with a forest measuring fork are considered. The results of measuring the diameter of the barrels with the proposed tool are presented. It is proved that the internal walls of diopters are made at a certain angle, which will allow to level the error of the observers visual acuity to maintain the accuracy of measurements within 2 . The use of the developed optical tool will increase the accuracy of measuring the diameter of the trunk by almost 2 times, which will have a positive impact on the accuracy of determining a number of taxational characteristics of trees associated with the diameter of the trunk. This is confirmed by field experiments.
GIS Support for the Carbon Budget Assessments of the Forest Ecosystems
Authors: Малышева Н.В. , Золина Т.А. 
Published: July 2024

На примере лесного района хвойно-широколиственных (смешанных) лесов Европейско-Уральской части России показана возможность использования инструментария ГИС для поддержки климатических исследований, связанных с оценкой экологического потенциала лесов по накоплению биогенного углерода.
The possibility of using GIS tools to support climate research related to the assessment of the environmental potential of forests to store biogenic carbon is shown by the example of the forest area of coniferous-broadleaved (mixed) forests of the European-Ural region of Russia. GIS tools allowed for identification of carbon budget accounting units of regional and local levels. With the help of ArcGIS software, a map of the division of the Russian territory into forest zones and forest areas with homogeneous site specific conditions in accordance with the regulatory documents of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation has been prepared. Territorial and spatial representation of forest taxation characteristics input parameters of model calculations of carbon deposition and carbon budget within the forest lands of the research object is considered. The maps of ecology and resource potential of the forest areas ecosystems were made by ArcGIS software. The indicators of the annual carbon accumulation by ecosystems (NEP) over the forest management units dedicated to the zone of coniferous-broadleaved (mixed) forests of the European-Ural part of Russia and the carbon budget (NBP) were calculated with data of the State Forest Register (SFR) as of 01.01.2016. The results of model calculations of carbon sequestration by coniferous-broadleaved (mixed) forests of the European-Ural part of Russia and carbon balance in the cartographic form are presented.
Сравнение экофизиологических показателей сосны и ели в Серебряноборском опытном лесничестве
Authors: Molchanov А. 
Published: July 2024

Research conducted in Serebryanoborsky forestry Institute of Forestry RAS. To evaluate gas exchange, an original setup based on an infrared gas analyzer was used. The installation created at the Forestry Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences made it possible to simultaneously, round-the-clock receive daily changes in the intensity of photosynthesis and respiration of adult trunks of pine and spruce trees. It was found that the respiration of pine and spruce trunks, calculated on the surface of trunks, does not differ significantly, while the intensity of photosynthesis of spruce (when calculated on the surface area of needles) is almost two times lower than that of pine. However, we believe that when calculating the area of growth, the differences will be insignificant, since the mass of spruce needles in the stand is much greater than the mass of pine needles per unit area of growth. It was found that the intensity of photosynthesis of spruce is more affected by moisture deficiency. So, during the day, with a PVPL equal to -0.8 MPa, on a cloudy day from 9 oclock it reduces the intensity of photosynthesis, whereas in pine only after 12 hours. On cloudy days, spruce with the same water supply practically does not decrease the intensity of photosynthesis during the whole day, and differences in the light curves of photosynthesis of pine and spruce are less significant. The calculation of pine and spruce trunk respiration per day depends on the arrival of solar radiation on cloudy days, the respiration rate is two times weaker than on low-cloud days. Thus, environmental and physiological indicators reflect the state of stands. The most informative indicator is the predawn water potential of the leaf (needles). This indicator characterizes the water availability of the tree, regardless of the reason for the decrease in water availability. The daily course of photosynthesis intensity and CO2 emission from the surface of the trunks are also informative indicators of the state of trees. However, when comparing different breeds by shade tolerance, it is better to use breathing from the surface of the trunks.
Приведены результаты оценки влияния окружающей среды на эколого-физиологические показатели ели обыкновенной и сосны обыкновенной. Установлено, что дыхание стволов сосны и ели при расчете за сутки зависит от поступления солнечной радиации: в пасмурные дни интенсивность дыхания в 2 раза слабее, чем в малооблачные. При недостатке влаги интенсивность фотосинтеза ели снижается в большей степени, чем у сосны.
Search for Optimal Ways to Store Eggs of the Unpaired Silkworm Lymantria Dispar (Linnaeus, 1758) for Breeding the Egg-Eater Ooencyrtus Kuvanae (Howard, 1910)
Authors: Галич Д.Е. , Шигапов Д.С. 
Published: July 2024

В статье приводятся результаты поиска оптимальных способов хранения яиц непарного шелкопряда Lymantria dispar для разведения на них яйцееда Ooencyrtus kuvanae. Определены основные факторы, снижающие качество биоматериала яйцекладок. Установлены показатели выхода яйцеедов при разных способах хранения и обработки яиц из яйцекладок.
The article is devoted to a detailed consideration of a number of questions about the storage of biological material, egg-laying’s gypsy moth – Lymantria dispar (Linnaeus, 1758), eggs from which, are subsequently, used for breeding parasitic wasp – Ooencyrtus kuvanae (Howard, 1910), and search among them optimal. The jurisdiction is a review of the knowledge of this problem in Russia and abroad [1]. In the main part of the article presents data conducted in 2018–2019 years, the first author, 15 series of experiments. The materials consider in detail the influence of abiotic and biotic factors on the quality of the eggs of the gypsy moth, needed later, for breeding parasitic wasp – Ooencyrtu skuvanae (How.). The work examines the quality of eggs collected the Tyumen region at different times: summer, autumn and spring, before the onset of incubation. The effect of cooling eggs to + 2...0 °С is studied, and freezing to -15...-17 °С. Also examines the impact of the duration of egg storage, freshly laid eggs are compared with stored up to 5 months and from 5 to 10 months. Studied the use of unfertilized eggs gypsy moth for growing parasitic wasp – Ooencyrtus kuvanae (How.). Additionally, an experiment was conducted to assess the effectiveness of the application of eggs processing with hot water up to + 60°С for 1 hour, to prevent exit of larvae in the process of infection parasitic wasp, especially long-term storage eggs or egg-laying’s collected in the spring with the already started incubation process. The material in the work is supported by graphic material: a tables and graphs. In conclusion, the authors of the work, on the basis of the data obtained, assess the significance of factors that have a negative impact on the quality of eggs, as well as offers recommendations on the best ways to store biomaterials, including the use of unfertilized eggs and the appropriateness of using heat treatment with hot water. At the end it is given a list of used literature, consisting of 11 sources. Referenсe 1. Methodological guidelines on the use of introduced parasitic wasp Ooencyrtus kuvanae against gypsy moth]. – Access mode : http://www.agrozoo.ru/base_gvc/karantin/document/17.html/ (date of application 25.07. 2019).
Ustification of the Construction of a Fire Barrier for Artificial Pine Forests of the Irtysh Region (on the Example of Kazakhstan)
Authors: Залесов С.В. , Залесова Е.С. , Платонов Е.П. , Платонов Е.Ю. 
Published: July 2024

На примере Казахстана предлагается вариант противопожарного заслона для искусственных сосновых насаждений ленточных боров Прииртышья, созданных полосным способом. Разработанная конструкция заслона позволяет минимизировать объем работ по его созданию и обеспечивает эффективное тушение как низовых, так и верховых лесных пожаров.
Priirtishja striped piny stands are represented chiefly by pure pine stands and are characterized by very high actual burning index. Forest cultures formed by striped method are especially dangerous as concerns fire occuzend. When forming these forest culteres2 year-oldpeanlets of penussievestris planting has been carried on in raws from north to south direction according the scheme 1,5´0,5 m. Every 5 raws of forest cultures have been separated from the neighbouring ones that have been planted by analogous scheme by a stripe of 6 m in width. Planting have not been carried ont on these stripes. They served for moisture accumulation and combined with fire linteslayed out along them played part of fire barriers. Fostop the latter a compartment of 1000x1000 m in sixe is recommended to divide in Ysquare plots with total square 25 ha each with antifirebranes 8 m in vidth. We offered the article deals the variant of antifire barrier in artificial betted piny stands of Rriirtyshhya formed by striped method that makes possible to minimize the amount of work necessary to form it and quarantee effective fire suppression. We propose to replace the square blocks with rectangular 250 ´ 1000 m in size with the direction of the long side from north to south. At the same time, 6 rows of forest crops are assigned to the felling in a strip 7.5 m wide. Together with 2 strips 6 m wide, where seedlings are not planted, this will create a fire gap 19.5 m wide. In adjacent bands 7 wide 5 m thinning is carried out with cutting of knots to a height of at least 2.5 m. As a result, an effective fire barrier is created around each block of forest crops with an area of 25 hectares, which ensures rapid movement of fire fighting equipment and the possibility of starting annealing.
Influence of Toxicants Roadside Zone of the Highway «Tyumen – Petropavlovsk» on Plants
Authors: Семенова В.А. , Николаев А.И. 
Published: July 2024

Исследовано влияние на древесные и травянистые растения загрязнений придорожной зоны автотрассы «Тюмень – Петропавловск» в границах Казанского района Тюменской обл. Анализируются изменения основных морфометрических и биохимических показателей растений с дополнительным проведением дендрохронологического анализа прироста древесных растений. Установлены взаимосвязанные признаки ответных реакций травянистых и древесных растений на токсиканты.
The article “Effect of toxicants on plants in the roadside zone of the Tyumen-Petropavlovsk highway” presents studies of morphometric, biochemical characteristics of herbaceous and woody plants, as well as dendrochronological multiparametric studies of trees growing in the zone of influence of highway pollutants. Two species of herbaceous and woody plants were selected for the study in multivariate analyses with control samples. The main part of the article analyzes the morphometric and biochemical characteristics of plants in comparison with the control results. The authors characterize the results obtained in the interpretation of the influence of pollutants on the appearance of plants and adaptation of plants to the toxicants of highways. The results show the difference between the influence of pollution on the growth of deciduous and coniferous woody plants. It was found that the toxicants have the least effect on the growth and development of birch, which according to the authors can be argued about the main hardwoods. It is noted that in the manifestation of morphometric characteristics in woody plants, a positive effect of ultra-low doses of the toxicant is manifested. However, in the dendrochronological analysis of samples found that woody plants have a pronounced inhibition of growth, while reflecting an increase in the number of defects that will inevitably lead to a sanitary weakening of roadside forest plantations. At the end of the article the authors come to the conclusion that the morphometric and biochemical characteristics of woody plants are not sufficient to assess the condition of plants. At the same time, the identity of the influence of the roadside toxicants on the herbaceous-woody plant groups was established, which makes it possible to analyze the true state of woody plants by morphometric and biochemical characteristics of herbaceous plants. Further research on the identification of species of identical groups of plants will greatly simplify the sanitary control over the state of roadside forest plantations, increasing its reliability without the use of complex analyses and the selection of a large number of samples.