bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A semântica formal das línguas naturais: histórias e desafios
Authors: Neto José Borges , Müller Ana , Oliveira Roberta Pires de 
Published: May 2015

Este artigo faz um resumo da história dos estudos semânticos noBrasil e no mundo, sobretudo das transformações iniciadas nadécada de 1970 e da abertura para uma semântica formalautônoma, que, hoje em dia, comporta diferentes visões sobre arelação sintaxe e semântica, da centralidade da sintaxe aoisomorfismo sintaxe semântica. Mostramos como as ideias do lógicoRichard Montague impulsionaram, através de Barbara Partee eEmmon Bach entre outros, tais estudos, estimulando o surgimentode novas vertentes, e como essas novas tendências foram inseridasno Brasil pela Unicamp com a ajuda de pesquisadores comoMarcelo Dascal, Rodolfo Ilari e Carlos Franchi. O artigo iniciacom uma breve descrição do que é a semântica formal,diferenciando-a de outras semânticas e, principalmente, dasemântica lógica, praticada pelos filósofos, cujo objetivo é descreverraciocínios válidos. A semântica formal é uma ciência empíricaque busca explicar o conhecimento semântico que um falante tem– sua capacidade de relacionar linguagem a algo que não élinguagem (mundos, modelos, conceitos), a composicionalidade e relações sistemáticas entre sentenças – através de umametalinguagem lógico-matemática. Esse empreendimento temsido bem sucedido, se expandindo para além da semântica emdireção a uma maior interação com a pragmática formal. Astendências atuais são de interação com outras disciplinas – apsicolinguística, por exemplo – e a preocupação com línguas poucodescritas, como as línguas indígenas brasileiras. No Brasil, asemântica formal ganhou impulso com a criação dos workshops etem conseguido um espaço cada vez mais significativo na linguísticanacional e internacional.
Estratégias alternativas de negação sentencial na região sul do Brasil: análise da influência de fatores pragmáticos a partir de dados do projeto VARSUL
Authors: Goldnadel Marcos , Lima Luana Santos , Breunig Gustavo , Esquivel Natália Alícia , Luz Joana Paim 
Published: May 2015

O português falado no Brasil possui três formas de negação sentencial semanticamente equivalentes: negação pré-verbal, dupla negação e negação em fim de frase. Embora a variante conservadora, a negação pré-verbal, ainda seja predominante, algumas regiões já assistem a um incremento significativo das variantes inovadoras, como é o caso das regiões Nordeste e Sudeste. Esse aumento de ocorrências de formas inovadoras de negação sentencial insere o português falado no Brasil no debate mais amplo sobre o ciclo de Jespersen. Este artigo analisa ocorrências de formas de negação sentencial em entrevistas sociolinguísticas pertencentes ao banco de dados do Projeto VARSUL. O levantamento preliminar de ocorrências feito nas três capitais da Região Sul revelou tratar-se de área conservadora no uso da negação sentencial, o que permite considerá-la em um estágio inicial de um processo que, no longo prazo, pode resultar em mudança linguística envolvendo a sintaxe de sentenças negativas. Com o objetivo de identificar os condicionantes para a variante inovadora encontrada na Região Sul e de avaliar a plausibilidade de uma das hipóteses correntes para o surgimento da dupla negação, analisam-se os dados da cidade de Florianópolis.
Dados geolinguísticos sob uma perspectiva estatística: a variação lexical no Centro-Oeste, Sudeste e Sul do Brasil
Authors: Romano Valter Pereira , Seabra Rodrigo Duarte 
Published: May 2015

Este trabalho utiliza como corpus de análise os dados coletadospela equipe do Projeto Atlas Linguístico do Brasil em três regiões:Centro-Oeste, Sudeste e Sul. A pesquisa objetiva discutir adistribuição diatópica das variantes lexicais para a questão 133 –Criança pequenininha, a gente diz que é bebê. E quando ela tem de 5a 10 anos, do sexo feminino? – do Questionário Semântico-Lexical(COMITÊ NACIONAL, 2001, p. 32). A metodologia utilizadaenvolveu análises descritivas e inferenciais pertinentes ao estudo.Para tanto, cinco hipóteses foram testadas a fim de averiguar ocomportamento e a distribuição das cinco variantes mais produtivasno conjunto de respostas. Os principais resultados indicam que asvariantes apresentam comportamento distinto nas três regiões: (i) a variante menina apresenta distribuição homogênea nos dez estados;(ii) a forma lexical guria possui distribuição heterogênea nas regiõesCentro-Oeste e Sul; (iii) a variante garota apresenta homogeneidadeno Sudeste do país.
Reanalisando o processo de cancelamento do ( r ) em final de sílaba
Authors: Oliveira Marco Antônio de 
Published: May 2015

Abstract This paper is an attempt to reanalyse the process of final (r) deletion in Portuguese nominals according to the Lexical Diffusion Model.This analysis considers not only structural factors, mainly the lexical item, but also the individual as an important factor in the spread of the process, according to Shen (1990). Evidence is provided to show that the idea advanced in Oliveira (1991), that all sound changes are instances of lexical diffusion processes, is superior to the analysis provided by Oliveira (1983), cast in the Neogrammarian Model, for the same process.
A nasalização no português brasileiro pela teoria da otimidade
Authors: Battisti Elisa 
Published: May 2015

Abstract The acceptance of the hypothesis of a /vN/ sequence as the basis of both nasal vowels and diphthongs, and the investigation of the nature of the nasal consonant in syllable coda, led us to relate subspecification of the nasal segment to the triggering of nasalization through the principles of Prosodic Licensing (Itô 1986,1989) and Autosegmental Licensing (Goldsmith 1990). Optimality Theory (Prince & Smolensky 1993, McCarthy & Prince 1993) conceives these principles as restrictions. The model predicts that the interaction of restrictions in a hierarchy determines the choice of the optimal form from a group of candidates generated by the grammar of a language for a given input. The conflict between Licence(place) and HavePlace chooses the homorganic NC sequence as one of the three possible optimal forms for the /vN/ sequence in word-internal position. In word-final position, the same two restrictions play a role in nasal glide formation from / oN/. The outcoming of a dissimilated peak-vowel is forced by MaxDist
Intraoperative Implementation of a Tissue Sealant on All Lung Surgery Patients: A Quality Improvement Project
Authors: Cain Stephanie , Anderson Richard , Stockert Patricia , Brown Suzanne , Blood-Siegfried Jane 
Published: May 2015

More than 200,000 patients undergo pulmonary surgery annually. Air leaks after pulmonary surgery are a common complication and represent a substantial clinical problem. Air leaks can increase chest tube time, increase pain, reduce mobility, and increase hospital length of stay. The application of a synthetic surgical lung sealant (SLS) to lung surfaces during surgery in patients at risk for an air leak has been advocated to reduce these complications.The aim of the project was to reduce or eliminate air leaks, decrease chest tube time, and decrease length of stay by applying an FDA-approved tissue sealant during all pulmonary surgeries. The population of focus were adult pulmonary surgery patients undergoing pulmonary surgery.Data were collected on 146 patients: 72 patients the year prior to the intervention and 74 the year after implementation of the intervention. The incidence of air leak was significantly lower; the number of comorbidities was statistically higher in the group following implementation. There were, however, no significant differences in chest tube duration and length of hospital stay. The use of lung sealant on all patients undergoing pulmonary surgery had a positive outcome without any adverse effects and is now standard of practice.
Maxillary Sinus Membrane Repair With Amnion–Chorion Barriers: A Retrospective Case Series
Authors: Holtzclaw Dan 
Published: May 2015

Background: Schneiderian membrane perforation is the most common complication of maxillary sinus augmentation procedures and has been associated with a variety of post‐surgical problems. Multiple techniques to repair perforated Schneiderian membranes with materials such as connective tissue, buccal fat pads, and resorbable collagen membranes have been reported in the dental literature. Although these reparative options have proven successful, they are technique sensitive and time consuming. The aim of this case series is to present a simplified method of Schneiderian membrane perforation repair with amnion–chorion membranes and results obtained from nine cases using this technique.Methods: A consecutive retrospective record review was performed of all maxillary sinus augmentation cases performed during the past 5 years by the same board‐certified private practice periodontist (DH).Results: Seventy‐seven cases were identified, with a total of 104 sinus augmentations, in which nine perforations were noted. None of the perforation cases were aborted midprocedure, and all perforations were repaired with amnion–chorion membranes. All cases were augmented with a combination of allograft and xenograft particulate bone. After an average healing time of 4.9 months, dental implants were placed in the grafted sinuses.Conclusions: This retrospective case series shows nine perforations during 104 lateral window maxillary sinus augmentation procedures. A total of 23 dental implants were placed in the augmented sinuses with perforated Schneiderian membranes, and one failure was noted according the Albrektsson success criteria. A total of 158 dental implants were placed in non‐perforated augmented sinuses, with a total of three failures noted.
Electric Submersible Pumps (ESP) Performance Improvement by Implementation of Extreme Performance Motor Technology in Caño Limon Field
Authors: Pino J. Del , Martin J. L. , Gomez S.. , Gonzalez A.. , Paz O.. , Izquierdo S.. , Sarkis N.. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Caño Limon is a giant field with more than 30 years of history in which the primary method of artificial lift has been electrical submersible pumps (ESP). As of December 2006 there were 304 wells with ESP installed, mostly characterized by applications with high water cut and considerable production of solids. Unstable conditions of operation and high vibration on the downhole equipment posed a challenge, mainly in high flow rates (&gt; 15,000 BFPD) and high-horse power (&gt; 800HP) applications. Premature wear on the motor's radial support elements as a consequence of high loads, resulted in premature failures of the system, thus impacting field performance indicators and increasing the lifting cost.
An interdisciplinary team was formed among staff of the operator and the service company to evaluate the performance of the equipment and the root cause of the failures. These activities identified the main failed components and failure modes, enabling the proposal of a technological solution to the problem.
This article describes the process through which the problem was identified, analyzed, and then solved through the implementation of a superior motor technology, which proved to be an effective answer to the problems observed in high horsepower equipment. The results promoted the use of this technology in low horsepower equipment as well, thereby reducing the number of failure incidents of this component by 50% in the years following the implementation.
Removal of Organic and Inorganic Scale from Electric Submersible Pumps
Authors: Ramones M , Rachid R.. , Flor D.. , Gutierrez L.. , Milne A.. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
There are a number of fields that produce heavy crude. In some of these fields, the run life of electrical submersible pumps (ESP) is greatly reduced by organic and inorganic deposits. This results in lost production and in many cases, additional time and cost to pull and repair the ESPs. A study showed that the problem of organic-paraffin deposits is related to the crude oil cooling and the volatile/lighter fractions separating near to the pump intake, plugging the pump. In the case of wells with a high water cut, inorganic scaling occurs in the pump intake, mainly due to the pressure drop in the wellbore. It was also noted that paraffin did not precipitate in wells with a high water cut because there was less cooling of the fluid in the in the wellbore due to the higher thermal capacity of water. The organic deposits can be removed by displacing jet fuel through the pump, while the continuous injection of jet fuel or high concentrations of paraffin inhibitors is an effective solution to preventing paraffin deposits. However, attempts made to dissolve inorganic scale are usually unsuccessful due to heavy crude adhering to the surface of the scale, preventing solvents such as xylene to contact the scale, even with the addition of mutual solvents.
More recent work with crude oil viscosity reducers has shown that both inorganic and organic scale deposits can be successfully removed by spotting/jetting with coiled tubing without the need of a workover (WO) rig. When a treating fluid containing the viscosity reducer is mixed with highly viscous crudes, it creates a water-external pseudo-emulsion, which decreases the apparent viscosity of the crude by several orders of magnitudes, removing over 60% of the heavy crude from the surface of the scale and accelerating the dissolution of organic deposits. This enables the chemical treatment to dissolve the inorganic deposits, allowing the pump to be restarted without the need to pull out the completion. The new fluid systems have made it possible to systematically remove organic and inorganic deposits from ESPs, extending the average run life from 40 to 140 days, and to eliminate the requirement for WO rigs, with an average rig cost saving of 6 days per well and an average saving of USD 1.5 million in deferred production.
An Experimental Assessment of the Fluid Dynamics of Gas Lift Mandrels
Authors: Suarez A. M. , Rempto M. J. , Loureiro J. B. , Freire A. P. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The present work studies the influence of the orientation of single and two-phase injection nozzles on the flow properties. Numerical simulations are performed to investigate single phase liquid injection in counter-current (negative angle), orthogonal and co-current (positive angle) flow configurations. The two-phase flow problem is studied experimentally. The data show that, for all gas and liquid flow rates, the combined effects of all three components of pressure drop provoke the highest total pressure drop in the counter-current flow configuration. Turbulence losses are shown to be the dominant effect in the two-phase problem.
Marginal Wells Inside Brownfields a High Profitability Business
Authors: Bertomeu Fernando , Hirschfeldt Marcelo , Delgado Pablo , Lobato-Barradas Gerardo 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
There are many mature fields in Latin America. Beyond the definition of maturity applied, the common factor to all of them is that surface facilities and field operation have been running for many years. This is one advantage to generate profits.
However, operations are governed by old practices for defining profitability of wells and in some cases do are not specifically developed or evaluated for these wells, therefore, underestimate the economic return generated.
Another characteristic of these fields is the dispersion of production per well. Production may vary from very low to moderate on a mature field. It is also known that in order to optimize equipment some resources such as surface artificial lift equipment is moved from low production wells to higher production wells.
The big losers of these practices are wells that have low but stable production. Those big losers should be a marginal benefit to the ongoing production system.
This paper presents the benefits of applying alternative technologies to return to production low production wells in fields with available gathering system. This work also makes a significant contribution to identify profitability potential in low production wells and recommends management models for implementing, surveillance and maintaining low rate active wells.
It is also necessary to define the optimization processes for these wells because most companies do not have staff available to address these designs of low productivity. This profitability approach allows to redirect resources, including human resources to increase benefit.
Modeling the Forces Induced by the Two-Phase Flow on Deep Water Production Risers
Authors: Bordalo Sergio N. , Morooka Celso K. , Oliveira Alessandro P. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This paper points out the influence of the internal flow of two-phase oil and gas mixtures on the motion of slender risers hanging from floating production units in curved configurations (for instance, catenary risers) used for offshore petroleum production in deep waters. The internal flow mass and momentum may impose a natural whipping displacement adding to the concerns of stress and fatigue. Usually, the internal flow may display different two-phase patterns (bubble, slug, churn, annular or stratified mixtures) possessing completely different characteristics; in the case of slugs, their intemittency may induce an oscillatory movement on the suspended pipeline. The fluid dynamic forces depend on the flow rates of both oil and gas phases, requiring the simulation of the pipeline movement under production conditions. In this paper, a modeling of induced forces caused by the internal two-phase slug flow is described, and results from numerical simulations are presented for a steel catenary riser configuration, showing the importance of the internal flow forces on the movements of a production riser.
Improving Flow Stability and Increase of Oil Production in Electrical Submersible Pump Systems Through Demulsifier Application in Jubarte Field
Authors: dos Santos A. W. , Borges O. C. , Cristante V. M. , Nokai R. A. , Furtado R. G. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
In recent past, most of Brazil's oil production was generated from siliciclastic reservoirs in scenarios of deep and ultra-deep water of the Campos Basin, being much effort focused on developing technologies to guarantee production optimization. Despite the great experience acquired by Petrobras in evaluating dynamic behavior of deepwater fields, new production scenarios of heavy oil reservoirs are even more challenging due to their high oil viscosity that generates emulsion stability.
Jubarte field (siliciclastic turbidite reservoir) development features 15 heavy oil producing wells tied to P-57 floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) vessel. Each well is equipped with a 1500HP electrical submersible pump (ESP) installed in a caisson located 210 meters away from the wellhead in water depths varying from 1260 to 1360m. Over the last 3 years, since Jubarte first oil, the maturity curve of the wells has revealed a scenario where ESP has been recognized as a critical component of the subsea production system to sustain well production.
Normally adopted in projects to anticipate production during the early years, ESPs in Jubarte field have been presenting an outstanding performance, overcoming oil viscosity limitations or unpredictable multiphase flow regime with strong emulsion formation (both tied to injection of viscosity reducers and the advent of natural free water from the reservoir).
Operating ESPs installed at the seabed poses challenges in many aspects. Understanding the flow pattern (to ensure effective startup and run in optimal conditions), pump and caisson fluid dynamic behavior (to allow the pump ride through some observed inflow discontinuities) are two essential issues.
This work aims to introduce the phenomenon of flow intermittency experienced during the operation of ESPs installed in vertical caissons in Jubarte field. It also demonstrates the engineering approach and the main proposed solutions to overcome the problem of well instability. The advantages obtained through the injection of demulsifier upstream the ESP are finally presented as a key element to promote stability, allowing ESP to run properly with significant gains in production rate.
Innovative Drilling Technologies Contribute in Implementing New Gas Lift Well Design on Statfjord Field, North Sea
Authors: Lunkad Siddhartha F. , Grindhaug Gaute , Hussain Sajjad , Walker Daryl , Dhaher Karam Sulaiman 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Statfjord Field is one of the largest and oldest fields on NCS (North Sea Continental Shelf) and operates with three platforms Stafjord A, B and C. In recent years, slot recovery to drill more wells has posed big challenges to deliver wells with Gas Lift design due to extensive and cost/time consuming P&A and casing cut and pull operations. In addition to these technical challenges, improving operational excellence has driven the concept of innovative casing design with 11 ¾-in liner. This design eliminates the time spent on extensive casing retrieval operations. This reduces time and risks associated with drilling 17 ½-in section that requires changing from 13 5/8-in to 21 ¼-in BOP, higher flow rates for hole cleaning, larger volume of cutting injection, and waiting 13 3/8-in casing hangers that are crucial long lead items. Installation of 11 ¾-in liner at required depth and cementing, potential collapse of Hordaland formation due to extended time exposure, high flow rates for hole cleaning and minimizing well collision risks with producers in 8 ½-in were identified as high priority design goals in the early planning phase. To address aforementioned challenges and meet design goal in time and cost efficient way, innovative ideas were fundamental necessity. This paper discusses the integration of novel drilling approaches used in accomplishing a new gas lift well design that has opened redundant well slotson Statfjord field for drilling. Operational highlights leading to successful well delivery are:
First use of dual reamer RSS BHA in 12 ¼ x 13 ½-in to minimize the rat hole and exposure time across “creeping” Hordaland formation in one run and helped 11 ¾-in liner to reach gas lift formation strength depth. Use of new generation RSS technology to drill ~930m 8 ½-in section to widen the operational flow range for hole cleaning and steering in high stick slip and collision environment. Use of modern surveying technique and magnetic ranging technology to drill 8 ½ -in section in potential collision environment.
This was first ever use of dual reamer point the bit RSS BHA in North Sea and New generation RSS and special surveying technique on Statfjord.
Design and Application of Multiphase Sucker-Rod Pumps in Wells with High Gas-Oil Ratios
Authors: Wang Haiwen , Zheng Sixu , Yang Daoyong 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
A robust and pragmatic technique has been developed to design and apply a multiphase sucker-rod pump in wells with high gas-oil ratios. More specifically, the pump structure has been designed according to its working mechanisms in the presence of high gas-oil ratios and various liquid contents. Effective solutions of enforcing gas evacuation while enhancing oil production have also been made possible. In particular, a unique gas buffer is designed to include two chambers (i.e., a gas chamber and a fluid chamber) inside which are connected through the slotted liner, enforcing gas evacuation while preventing the pump from gas lock. Also, such designed gas buffer can be bypassed when the stroke is shortened, functioning as the traditional downhole pump. It has been found from field applications that average pumpingefficiency can be increased up to 16.6% by using such designed multiphase sucker-rod pumps in wells with high gas-oil ratios where conventional pumps have found their limits.