bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitrile‐Stabilized Quaternary Ammonium Ylide as an Arylcyanomethylene Transfer Agent: Diastereoselective Synthesis of Spiro‐Cyanocyclopropyl‐2‐Oxindoles
Authors: Nagpure Mithilesh , Guchhait Sankar K. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNitrile‐stabilized quaternary ammonium ylide as an effective aryl‐cyanomethylene transfer agent has been explored for the first time, which enables a spirocyclopropanation process with conjugated carboxamide of indole heterocycle. The developed In(OTf)3‐catalyzed method provides a straightforward, diastereoselective access to pharmaceutically relevant spiro‐cyclopropane‐2‐oxindole skeleton assembled with an α‐cyano and two (hetero)aromatic substitutions. The common difficulties of a cyclopropanation process, e. g., a conjugated carboxamide as valid substrate, cleavage‐susceptibility of amide bond, substrates scope limited to preferentially electron‐withdrawing group containing molecules, and the competing dehydrocyanation reaction of product generated from nitrile‐stabilized ylide have been overcome in the present spirocyclopropanation process.
Language barriers in head and neck cancer: Matched pair analysis of outcomes between non‐English speaking and English‐speaking patients
Authors: Chen Allen M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPurposeAs society grows in cultural diversity, an increasing proportion of patients are expected to be from non‐English speaking backgrounds. This study sought to compare the clinical outcomes between non‐English speakers and English speakers treated by radiation therapy for head and neck cancer.Methods and materialsSeventy‐five non‐English speaking patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were matched to English‐speaking controls based on patient and disease variables; clinical outcomes were compared.ResultsNon‐English speaking patients had inferior 3‐year overall survival (64% vs. 77%, p = 0.02) and progression‐free survival (59% vs. 73%, p = 0.01) compared with the English‐speaking cohort. On logistical regression, non‐English‐speaking status was associated with a significantly increased risk of overall death (OR = 1.41; 95% CI, 1.09–1.92).ConclusionsPrognosis differed significantly between non‐English speaking and English‐speaking patients. Culturally tailored programs to address language barriers should be considered to ameliorate disparities in outcome.
Special educational needs provision and academic outcomes for children with teacher reported language difficulties at school entry
Authors: Griffiths Sarah , Lucas Laura , Gooch Debbie , Norbury Courtenay Frazier 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundLanguage ability predicts academic attainment across the curriculum. Teacher report of language difficulties may therefore help schools identify children that require Special Educational Needs (SEN) provision. Special Educational Needs provision is intended to enable children to reach their academic potential, however the effectiveness of this for children with language difficulties is unknown.MethodsWe linked teacher‐ratings on a brief language difficulties questionnaire (13‐item) collected in the first year of primary school (N = 7013), with data on SEN provision until age 12–13 and scores on statutory assessments at ages 5–6, 6–7 and 10–11 years from the National Pupil Database (UK). We conducted a preregistered analysis to (a) test the association between teacher‐reported language difficulties and later academic outcomes, (b) identify predictors of subsequent SEN provision for monolingual children with language difficulties and (c) test whether SEN provision is associated with better academic outcomes for these children.ResultsTeacher‐reported language difficulties predicted achievement in phonics (rs > 0.41), reading (rs > 0.38), writing (rs > 0.32) and maths (rs > 0.40) assessments up to 7 years later. For those with language difficulties, having an existing diagnosis of a neurodevelopmental condition or sensory impairment was the strongest predictor of SEN registration (OR [95% CI] 8.33 [4.12, 19.24]) and special education placement (OR [95% CI] 18.89 [9.29, 42.01]) during primary school. However, 38% of children registered as having a primary speech, language and communication need, lost this registration during transition to secondary education. We could not estimate the effect of SEN provision on academic outcomes, as the majority of children with high propensity to receive SEN provision did receive provision, and very few children in SEN settings completed statutory assessments.ConclusionsTeacher perceptions of language difficulties at school entry, in the presence of additional risk factors, should prompt SEN provision. Recognition and support for language difficulties should be sustained throughout children's education.
Resolving abrupt frontal gradients in zooplankton community composition and marine snow fields with an autonomous Zooglider
Authors: Gastauer Sven , Ohman Mark D. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAn autonomous Zooglider navigated across the California Current Front into low salinity, minty waters characteristic of the California Current proper in both summers of 2019 and 2021. Diving to 400 m depth, Zooglider transited another near‐surface frontal gradient somewhat inshore. These frontal gradients were generally associated with changes in intensity, size composition, and Diel Vertical Migration responses of acoustic backscatterers. They were also associated with pronounced changes in zooplankton community composition, as assessed by a shadowgraph imaging Zoocam. Zoocam detected a decline in concentrations of copepods, appendicularians, and marine snow in the offshore direction, and an overall shift in community structure to a higher proportion of carnivorous taxa (and, in 2019, of planktonic rhizaria). No taxon was consistently elevated at all the peak frontal gradients, but appendicularians, copepods, and rhizarians sometimes showed front‐related increases in concentration. Such frontal gradient regions represent relatively abrupt transitions to different communities of planktonic organisms and suspended marine snow particles, with consequences for predator–prey relationships and the dominant vectors of particle export into subsurface waters.
Radiomic feature robustness in CT scans affected by fiducial marker induced streak artifacts for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Verstappen Damon , Pasquier David , Chen Yi , Lambin Phillipe , Woodruff Henry C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundStereotactic body radiation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma necessitates the implantation of gold fiducial markers in the liver, resulting in artifacts on computed tomography (CT) scans, which affect radiomic feature values.PurposeThis report aims to assess the effect of these artifacts on radiomic features and how removing CT slices affects radiomic features extracted from 3D regions of interest (ROI).MethodsFirst, the range variation in 38 tumor contours unaffected by artifacts was assessed after sequentially and randomly removing 25%, 50%, 75% of slices. Subsequently, the agreement of feature values before and after removing ROI slices containing artifacts from 186 patients’ CT scans was assessed with Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) and a Wilcoxon signed‐rank test.ResultsIn artifact‐free tumor volumes, at least 71% of features remain robust with up to 50% of slices removed, while 56% remains robust with up to 75% of slices removed. When comparing contours before and after removing slices containing artifacts, around a third of features in the tumor contour and surrounding area remain robust (CCC > 0.9), compared to 44% in the healthy liver. Concerning the tumor, 13% (Gray Level Size Zone Matrix) to 61% (first order) of the features remain robust (CCC > 0.9). Over 90% of features differ significantly as assessed by Wilcoxon signed‐rank test, however.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that removing slices containing artifacts is a feasible solution for the CT fiducial problem in this patient population and provides insight into which features are affected.
A feasibility study of dosimetry for breast cancer radiotherapy based on body surface changes
Authors: Deng Yongjin , Qiu Minmin , Zhong Jiajian , Xiao Zhenhua , Bao Yong , Huang Botian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe requirement for precise and effective delivery of the actual dose to the patient grows along with the complexity of breast cancer radiotherapy. Dosimetry during treatment has become a crucial component of guaranteeing the efficacy and security.PurposeTo propose a dosimetry method during breast cancer radiotherapy based on body surface changes.MethodsA total of 29 left breast cancer radiotherapy cases were retroactively retrieved from an earlier database for analysis. Non‐rigid image registration and dose recalculation of the planning computed tomography (CT) referring to the Cone‐beam computed tomography were performed to obtain dose changes. The study used 3D point cloud feature extraction to characterize body surface changes. Based on the correlation proof, a mapping model is developed between body surface changes and dose changes using neural network framework. The MSE metrics, the Euclidean distances of feature points and the 3D gamma pass rate metric were used to assess the prediction accuracy.ResultsA strong correlation exist between body surface changes and dose changes (first canonical correlation coefficient = 0.950). For the dose deformation field and dose amplitude difference in the test set, the MSE of the predicted and actual values were 0.136 pixels and 0.229 cGy, respectively. After deforming the planning dose into a deformed one, the feature points’ Euclidean distance between it and the recalculated dose changes from 9.267 ± 1.879 mm to 0.456 ± 0.374 mm. The 3D gamma pass rate of 90% or higher for the 2 mm/2% criteria were achieved by 80.8% of all cases, with a minimum pass rate of 75.9% and a maximum pass rate of 99.6%. Pass rate for the 3 mm/2% criteria ranged from 87.8% to 99.8%, with 92.3% of the cases having a pass rate of 90% or higher.ConclusionsThis study provides a dosimetry method that is non‐invasive, real‐time, and requires no additional dose for breast cancer radiotherapy.
Generalized inhomogeneity‐resilient relaxation along a fictitious field (girRAFF) for improved robustness in rotating frame relaxometry at 3T
Authors: Coletti Chiara , Naaktgeboren Roeland , Tourais Joao , Van De Steeg‐Henzen Christal , Weingärtner Sebastian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPurposeTo optimize Relaxation along a Fictitious Field (RAFF) pulses for rotating frame relaxometry with improved robustness in the presence of and field inhomogeneities.MethodsThe resilience of RAFF pulses against and inhomogeneities was studied using Bloch simulations. A parameterized extension of the RAFF formulation was introduced and used to derive a generalized inhomogeneity‐resilient RAFF (girRAFF) pulse. RAFF and girRAFF preparation efficiency, defined as the ratio of the longitudinal magnetization before and after the preparation (), were simulated and validated in phantom experiments. and parametric maps were acquired at 3T in phantom, the calf muscle, and the knee cartilage of healthy subjects. The relaxation time maps were analyzed for resilience against artificially induced field inhomogeneities and assessed in terms of in vivo reproducibility.ResultsOptimized girRAFF preparations yielded improved preparation efficiency (0.95/0.91 simulations/phantom) with respect to RAFF (0.36/0.67 simulations/phantom). preparations showed in phantom/calf 6.0/4.8 times higher resilience to inhomogeneities than RAFF, and a 4.7/5.3 improved resilience to inhomogeneities. In the knee cartilage, (53 14 ms) was higher than (42 11 ms). Moreover, girRAFF preparations yielded 7.6/4.9 times improved reproducibility across / inhomogeneity conditions, 1.9 times better reproducibility across subjects and 1.2 times across slices compared with RAFF. Dixon‐based fat suppression led to a further 15‐fold improvement in the robustness of girRAFF to inhomogeneities.ConclusionsRAFF pulses display residual sensitivity to off‐resonance and pronounced sensitivity to inhomogeneities. Optimized girRAFF pulses provide increased robustness and may be an appealing alternative for applications where resilience against field inhomogeneities is required.
Fecal incontinence is not associated with UTI: A contemporary case–control study
Authors: Stair Sabrina L. , Yoon Jamie H. , Dymanus Kyle A. , Lee Una J. , Adelstein Sarah A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionUrinary tract infections (UTIs) are a leading cause of infection in adults. The most common cause is gastrointestinal bacteria ascending the urethra into the bladder. Studies showing fecal incontinence (FI) is a risk factor for UTI have been limited to nursing home populations. Healthy patients with recurrent UTI, especially women, often receive counseling, suggesting improper personal hygiene contributes to UTIs. This advice can be stigmatizing. Given UTI prevalence, it is important to elucidate risk factors for improved diagnosis, treatment, and patient education. Our objective was to perform a hospital‐centered, retrospective case‐control analysis to assess the effect of FI on UTI development in ambulatory patients.MethodsPatients (n = 3035) with a diagnosis of FI were identified from a single institution and propensity score‐matched with screening colonoscopy patients (n = 3035) from 2018 to 2021. Patients were matched on age, sex, race, ethnicity, body mass index, and comorbidities, for example, diabetes, vesicoureteral reflux, and urinary incontinence. The association between FI and UTI was tested using Pearson's χ2 test.ResultsMedian age was 64 years with more females than males (73.81% vs. 71.20% female for case/control, p = 0.02). Patients with FI were more often to have concurrent urinary incontinence (18.62% vs. 10.25% for case/control, p < 0.001), as well as specifically urgency incontinence (13.28% vs. 11.57% for case/control, p = 0.04). There was no significant difference in the incidence of UTI between patients with FI and those presenting for screening colonoscopy (p = 0.44).ConclusionFI was not associated with an increased number of UTIs. Based on our results, current stigmatizing beliefs regarding the association between FI and UTI should be reevaluated.
Slugs Count: Assessing citizen scientist engagement and development, and the accuracy of their identifications
Authors: Cavadino I. , Port G. , Mill A. , Clover G. , Roy H. E. , Jones H. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

How accurately can citizen science participants identify species, and can the information they provide be used to calculate accurate estimates of species richness, abundance and diversity measures? In this paper, we address these questions using data from a citizen science project assessing slug species diversity in gardens.

Sixty participants were selected from over 2700 applicants across Britain to sample their gardens regularly for slugs following a standardised method. All slugs collected during the 30‐min search were posted to the lead investigator for verification throughout the 12‐month project. The resulting data were analysed to explore how accurate participants were in identifying slugs and whether this improved over the study period. Prior experience in slug identification was evaluated as a predictor of accuracy.

Participants overestimated slug abundance and species richness, which led to overestimates in species diversity indices, illustrating the importance of verification in citizen science projects involving identification.

Accuracy of slug identifications increased significantly over time in quantitative analysis of ecological data. However, self‐defined prior experience of identifying slugs before participation was not a good predictor of participant accuracy.

Participants reported perceived improvement in slug identification skills to an evaluation survey after the project. However, confidence in identifying and explaining identification of slugs was lower than confidence in understanding and explaining other new science topics.

This citizen science approach, including expert verification of physical specimens, illustrates how this method can be used successfully to provide accurate data on species' abundance and richness, alongside improving identification skills among the public for an understudied taxon. Continued engagement and feedback for participants is key in retaining citizen science participation in a project of this type, particularly if the taxon is challenging to identify correctly to species.

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Role of reinforcement on the tribological properties of polytetrafluoroethylene composites: A comprehensive review
Authors: Deshwal Dhruv , Belgamwar Sachin U. , Bekinal Siddappa I. , Doddamani Mrityunjay 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPolytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is widely used in tribological applications. However, it faces challenges due to its high wear rate. Reinforcement of additives in PTFE reduces its wear rate by up to 10,000 times in dry conditions. Infusing metallic filler materials like Al, Cu, and Pb improves PTFE wear performance but increases the coefficient of friction (COF). However, it may not be suitable for corrosive environments due to potential metal reactivity. Reinforcing PTFE composites with carbon‐based materials reduces weight, improves wear properties, and lowers COF. Pre‐treated materials enhance bonding for improved anti‐friction and anti‐wear properties. PTFE and its composites are widely used in journal bearings, bearing pads, and ball bearings due to their excellent low‐speed, low‐load lubrication properties. They outperform Babbitt alloy in bearing pads, except in heat conductivity. PTFE can also be used as a solid lubricant and can be combined with additives for improved performance. Apart from it, achieving an optimal combination of properties for all forms of reinforcement can be challenging due to the difficulty in determining exact values for multiple properties with specific types of reinforcement. This article provides a comprehensive review that delves into the significant findings pertaining to reinforcement and its application in bearing technology.Highlights
Metals and carbon‐based fillers improve tribo‐properties.
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) provides lubrication and thermal stability to the polymeric materials.
Estimation of tribo‐thermal properties in combination is a challenge.
Testing conditions greatly impact PTFE composites performance.
PTFE as a solid lubricant suitable for low‐speed/load applications.
The Guanxi mediating role linking organizational justice to contextual performance with age as a moderator
Authors: Tan Lei , Guan Yi , Sheng Guojun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGuanxi, a distinctive Chinese concept, reflects a shared vision of relationships and connections that include mutual understanding, trust, and a deep bond between individuals. Recognized for its potency in shaping the relationships that facilitate business undertakings and access to key resources, Guanxi is postulated as a potential mediator in the nexus between organizational justice and contextual work performance. The depth of Guanxi, intertwined with Chinese culture and values, may be perceived differently across age groups. Specifically, as Chinese millennials usually interact with global paradigms, generational disparities might emerge in valuing these traditional constructs. This study delves into how the dimensions of Guanxi—Ganqing (emotional connection), Renqing (reciprocity), and Xinren (loyalty)—mediate the relationship between organizational justice and contextual work performance, with chronological age as a moderator. The present study includes a convenience sample of 630 Chinese employees, aged 22–67 years, who participated in a quantitative online survey. The findings endorse the mediation role of Guanxi. The total influence of justice was found to be significant, as well as the indirect impacts, that were statistically salient. Although the age‐moderated mediation was not wholly substantiated, the age‐specific indirect effects of Renqing and Xinren did present significant variances between millennials and those above 42 years. The relevance of this study extends beyond the academic field, shedding light on the cultural dynamics at play within Chinese organizational settings. By unveiling the relationships between Guanxi, organizational justice, and performance, and by elucidating the age‐specific variations therein, this research provides insights for organizational leaders and human resource professionals. Based on these findings, businesses can craft targeted interventions that capitalize on the strengths of Guanxi, ensuring fair practices and enhancing performance across diverse age groups. Further, recognizing the unique attributes and values of different generational cohorts can aid in fostering a harmonious, culturally attuned, and efficient workplace environment.
Insulated π‐Conjugated Azido Scaffolds for Stepwise Functionalization via Huisgen Cycloaddition on Metal Oxide Surfaces
Authors: Jiang Qi‐Chun , Iwai Tomohiro , Jo Morihiro , Hosomi Takuro , Yanagida Takeshi , Uchida Ken , Hashimoto Kazuki , Nakazono Takashi , Yamada Yusuke , Kobayashi Atsushi , Takizawa Shin‐ya , Masai Hiroshi , Terao Jun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn organic−inorganic hybrid devices, fine interfacial controls by organic components directly affect the device performance. However, fabrication of uniformed interfaces using π‐conjugated molecules remains challenging due to facile aggregation by their strong π‐π interaction. In this report, a π‐conjugated scaffold insulated by covalently linked permethylated α‐cyclodextrin moiety with an azido group is synthesized for surface Huisgen cycloaddition on metal oxides. Fourier‐transformed infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirm the successful immobilization of the insulated azido scaffold on ZnO nanowire array surfaces. Owing to the highly independent immobilization, the scaffold allows rapid and complete conversion of the surface azido group in Huisgen cycloaddition reactions with ethynyl‐terminated molecules, as confirmed by FT‐IR spectroscopy monitoring. Cyclic voltammetry analysis of modified indium tin oxide substrates shows the positive effects of cyclic insulation toward suppression of intermolecular interaction between molecules introduced by the surface Huisgen cycloaddition reactions. The utility of the scaffold for heterogeneous catalysis is demonstrated in electrocatalytic selective O2 reduction to H2O2 with cobalt(II) chlorin modified fluorine doped tin oxide electrode and photocatalytic H2 generation with iridium(III) dye‐sensitized Pt‐loaded TiO2 nanoparticle. These results highlight the potential of the insulated azido scaffold for a stepwise functionalization process, enabling precise and well‐defined hybrid interfaces.