bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors in fat metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity
Authors: Ametov Aleksander Sergeevich , Gusenbekova Dinara Gadgimagomedovna 
Published: October 2015

Objective. To evaluate the influence of combined therapy of sitagliptin and metformin on fat metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods. The study included 82 patients (age, 55.3±9.1 years) with obesity and lipid metabolism disorders. None of the patients had reached their target glycated haemoglobin levels after metformin and diet therapy. Patients in group 1 (n=42) received 1.5–2-g metformin daily before the study and were switched to a formulation of 100-mg sitagliptin and 2-g metformin once a day. Patients in group 2 (n=40) were on a diet therapy before inclusion and were started on 2-g metformin/day. The following were evaluated at baseline and after 6 months of therapy: fasting glucose levels, postprandial glucose levels, glycated haemoglobin, weight, body mass index, waist circumference and lipid profile; insulin, proinsulin, leptin and adiponectin levels; insulin resistance using the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) of β-cell function (HOMA-β) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). In addition, magnetic resonance imaging was performed to assess the amount of visceral fat for the total cohort.Results. After 6 months, glycated haemoglobin decreased by 18.52% (p 0.001) in group 1 and by 8.17% (p 0.001) in group 2. Fasting plasma glucose and postprandial glucose levels in group 1 were reduced by 21% (p 0.001) and 26.35% (p 0.001), respectively; the corresponding reductions in group 2 were 1.45% (p 0.05) and 5.31% (p 0.05), respectively. HOMA-β increased by 33% in group 1 (p 0.001) and by 11% in group 2 (p 0.05). Adiponectin levels increased by 27.06% (p 0.001) in group 1 and by 7.16% in group 2 (p 0.001). Leptin levels were reduced by 30.47% (p 0.001) in group 1 and by 5.41% in group 2 (p 0.001). Magnetic resonance imaging showed a 7.52% reduction in visceral fat for group 1 (p 0.001) and a 1.76% reduction for group 2 (p 0.01). The comparison of subcutaneous fat dynamics did not show statistically significant differences between the groups.Conclusion. Compared with metformin monotherapy, sitagliptin and metformin combination therapy had a prominent effect on non-glycaemic parameters, with more marked decreases in visceral fat and leptin and increases in adiponectin levels.
Multioptionale Recherchemöglichkeiten als Herausforderung für die Dokumentation historischer Sammlungen am Beispiel der Bibelsammlung der Württembergischen Landesbibliothek
Authors: Herrmann Christian 
Published: October 2015

Zusammenfassung:
Historische Sammlungen sind von Interesse, wenn sie umfangreich, vielfältig, wirkungsgeschichtlich repräsentativ, gut zugänglich und dokumentiert sind. Bibeln prägen Kultur und Sprache, bilden in komprimierter Form konfessionelle, politische und gesellschaftliche Anliegen und Entwicklungen ab, verbinden Text und Bild sowie Primärquelle und Beigaben. Bei der Dokumentation sind neben dieser komplexen Struktur noch exemplarspezifische Merkmale wie Provenienzen, Einbände, Kolorierungen zu berücksichtigen. Hinzu kommen Gattungen von Bibeln wie Bilder- und Missionsbibeln.
Abstracts of the English papers in Chinese
Authors: Tsukada Kimiko , Xu Hui Ling , Rattanasone Nan Xu 
Published: October 2015

The perception of Mandarin lexical tones by listeners from different linguistic backgrounds不同语言背景学生对汉字声调的辨认本文调查两组中文非母语背景的澳大利亚中文学生对汉语单字声调的辩认能力。这两组学生分别是传承语学生 (共 10 人) 和非传承语学生 (共 12 人)。另有八名中文作为母语的学生和十名只讲澳大利亚英语的单语学生 (即: 非中文学生) 作为参照组。所有非传承语中文学生主要以英文为沟通渠道，但传承语的中文学生具广东话和英文能力。本研究的首要目的在于调查传承语学生是否由于有广东话声调的知识而在辨认普通话声调上比讲英文的中文学生占优势。调查的结果显示，总体来说，两组显现的相似地方多于差异。在被调查的六组对比声调中 (T1–T2, T1–T3, T1–T4, T2–T3, T2–T4, T3–T4), 最具明显差异的是在 T1–T4 的对比辨认上。传承语学生在 T1–T4 的辨认上要比非传承语的中文学生更缺乏准确性，然而，非传承语学生在所有语调对比的实验中的准确性高于只讲澳大利亚英文的参照组学生。我们的实验表明，从小就接触过另一个有声调的语言并不能保障他们在辨认中文声调上会比没有这方面知识的成人学生更加准确。
The argument/satellite distinction and absolute verbal use in Latin stative verbs
Authors: Cabrillana C. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis paper addresses the problematic issue of the distinction between constituents obligatorily demanded by the predicate for the grammaticality of the construction and elements which are not necessary for this. The issue arises not only from a general perspective, but also in specific cases, such as that of three Latin predicates that share a semantic notion of “permanence”:In the first section I will begin with a study of material drawn from use-based lexicons and corpus analysis of the verbs in question, with the aim of facilitating a first approach to the differentiation (i) of the semantic content that they can have, and (ii) of their possible general valency frames. The study of lexical features of the various constituents with which the verb combines, the comparison with the behaviour of other (quasi-)synonymous predicates, and the importance of pragmatic information, will be mechanisms to help identify the syntactic-semantic nature of each case, without the existence of ambiguous cases being possible to rule out entirely.The examination of syntactic-semantic differences between the simple verb and its corresponding compounds will be addressed in the second section. For this purpose, various procedures of analysis will serve to confirm the possible differences proposed thus far; these procedures will be, essentially, the study (a) of the expression of the duration of permanence, and (b) of the contexts of co-occurrence of simple verbs and verbs with a preverb. Differences will not always be clear, which suggests a possible neutralization of the expected distinctions in some cases, in such a way that the language is seen to be compelled occasionally to draw on additional lexical and grammatical means for explicitly specifying these presumed distinctions.
HES-Mediated Repression of Pten inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Chou Han Ting , Vazquez Raymarie Gomez , Wang Kun , Campbell Richard , Milledge Gaolin Zheng , Walthall Walter W , Johnson Casonya M 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe hairy/enhancer-of-split (HES) group of transcription factors controls embryonic development, often by acting downstream of the Notch signaling pathway; however, little is known about postembryonic roles of these proteins. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the six proteins that make up the REF-1 family are considered to be HES orthologs that act in both Notch-dependent and Notch-independent pathways to regulate embryonic events. To further our understanding of how the REF-1 family works to coordinate postembryonic cellular events, we performed a functional characterization of the REF-1 family member, HLH-25. We show that, after embryogenesis, hlh-25 expression persists throughout every developmental stage, including dauer, into adulthood. Like animals that carry loss-of-function alleles in genes required for normal cell-cycle progression, the phenotypes of hlh-25 animals include reduced brood size, unfertilized oocytes, and abnormal gonad morphology. Using gene expression microarray, we show that the HLH-25 transcriptional network correlates with the phenotypes of hlh-25 animals and that the C. elegans Pten ortholog, daf-18, is one major hub in the network. Finally, we show that HLH-25 regulates C. elegans lifespan and dauer recovery, which correlates with a role in the transcriptional repression of daf-18 activity. Collectively, these data provide the first genetic evidence that HLH-25 may be a functional ortholog of mammalian HES1, which represses PTEN activity in mice and human cells.
Drosophila melanogasterNatural Variation Affects Growth Dynamics of InfectingListeria monocytogenes
Authors: Hotson Alejandra Guzmán , Schneider David S 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe find that in a Listeria monocytogenes/Drosophila melanogaster infection model, L. monocytogenes grows according to logistic kinetics, which means we can measure both a maximal growth rate and growth plateau for the microbe. Genetic variation of the host affects both of the pathogen growth parameters, and they can vary independently. Because growth rates and ceilings both correlate with host survival, both properties could drive evolution of the host. We find that growth rates and ceilings are sensitive to the initial infectious dose in a host genotype–dependent manner, implying that experimental results differ as we change the original challenge dose within a single strain of host.
Diabetic Foot Complications
Authors: M Boulton Andrew J 
Published: October 2015

Diabetic foot complications comprise foot ulceration, Charcot neuroarthropathy, and amputation. Foot complications are exceedingly common and it is estimated that more than 5% of diabetic patients will have a history of foot ulcers, whilst the cumulative lifetime risk of foot ulceration may be as high as 25%.1As up to 85% of all amputations are preceded by foot ulcers, it is safe to presume that any success in reducing foot ulcer incidence will be followed by a reduction in amputation. The economic consequences of diabetic foot lesions to the healthcare providers are vast: a recent global review2estimated that diabetic foot problems (ulcers and amputations) cost the US healthcare payers US$10.9 billion in 2001, with the equivalent figure for the UK being £252 million.This paper will therefore focus on the causation and potential for prevention of diabetic foot ulcers followed by a small note on Charcot neuroarthropathy, which is much rarer than foot ulceration.
An Update on Female Puberty
Authors: Sanfilippo Joseph S 
Published: October 2015

Puberty is best defined at the period of life during which one acquires reproductive capabilities. As a female transitions from childhood to adulthood, one witnesses a significant reactivation of the hypothalamicpituitary- ovarian (HPO) axis; this axis is functional in utero.The hallmarks of pubertal development include:All this may take three to five years for completion.The American Academy of Pediatrics Pediatric Research in Office Settings (PROS) Study has provided the latest information regarding age of onset of specific pubertal milestones. PROS focused on breast development— thelarche (an early sign of the onset of puberty) occurs in African-American girls at 8.87 years and in white American girls at 9.96 years of age; the onset of pubic and axillary hair development, i.e. pubarche, occurs in African-American girls at 8.78 years and in white girls at 10.51 years of age.1,2Additional information is detailed inTable 1.
The Stem Cell Hypothesis of Aging
Authors: Meiliana Anna , Wijaya Andi 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND: There is probably no single way to age. Indeed, so far there is no single accepted explanation or mechanisms of aging (although more than 300 theories have been proposed). There is an overall decline in tissue regenerative potential with age, and the question arises as to whether this is due to the intrinsic aging of stem cells or rather to the impairment of stem cell function in the aged tissue environment.CONTENT: Recent data suggest that we age, in part, because our self-renewing stem cells grow old as a result of heritable intrinsic events, such as DNA damage, as well as extrinsic forces, such as changes in their supporting niches. Mechanisms that suppress the development of cancer, such as senescence and apoptosis, which rely on telomere shortening and the activities of p53 and p16INK4a may also induce an unwanted consequence: a decline in the replicative function of certain stem cells types with advancing age. This decrease regenerative capacity appears to pointing to the stem cell hypothesis of aging.SUMMARY: Recent evidence suggested that we grow old partly because of our stem cells grow old as a result of mechanisms that suppress the development of cancer over a lifetime. We believe that a further, more precise mechanistic understanding of this process will be required before this knowledge can be translated into human anti-aging therapies.KEYWORDS: stem cells, senescence, telomere, DNA damage, epigenetic, aging
Prosthetic Rehabilitation of a Patient With Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: Five-Year Follow-up
Authors: Moretto G , Pupo YM , Bueno ALN , Araujo FO 
Published: October 2015

SUMMARY
Tooth wear is a multifactorial process that is a growing concern in dentistry. This phenomenon can be caused by mechanical (attrition, abrasion, or abfraction) or chemical (erosion) processes. Etiologic factors in dental erosion can be due to changes in behavior, an unbalanced diet, or gastrointestinal disorders such as acid regurgitation, which may influence the salivary flow rate and buffering capacity of saliva. This case report describes an esthetic rehabilitation of a patient with gastroesophageal reflux and dental erosion, with a treatment rationale that includes the use of a diagnostic template and five-year follow-up. This technique, presented here in a clinical case with moderate enamel loss, integrates an additive wax-up and a direct intraoral bis-acryl resin mock-up. Lithium disilicate glass-ceramic (IPS e.max Press, Ivoclar Vivadent) laminate veneers were fabricated with the heatpress technique. They were veneered with a layering ceramic (IPS e.max Ceram, Ivoclar Vivadent) to improve the appearance of the incisal edge. The case demonstrated the success of veneers as an effective, conservative, and esthetic treatment for patients with this pathology.
Positive trends in neurosurgery enrollment and attrition: analysis of the 2000–2009 female neurosurgery resident cohort
Authors: Renfrow Jaclyn J. , Rodriguez Analiz , Liu Ann , Pilitsis Julie G. , Samadani Uzma , Ganju Aruna , Germano Isabelle M. , Benzil Deborah L. , Wolfe Stacey Quintero 
Published: October 2015

OBJECT
Women compose a minority of neurosurgery residents, averaging just over 10% of matched applicants per year during this decade. A recent review by Lynch et al. raises the concern that women may be at a higher risk than men for attrition, based on analysis of a cohort matched between 1990 and 1999. This manuscript aims to characterize the trends in enrollment, attrition, and postattrition careers for women who matched in neurosurgery between 2000 and 2009.

METHODS
Databases from the American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS) and the American Board of Neurological Surgery (ABNS) were analyzed for all residents who matched into neurosurgery during the years 2000–2009. Residents were sorted by female gender, matched against graduation records, and if graduation was not reported from neurosurgery residency programs, an Internet search was used to determine the residents’ alternative path. The primary outcome was to determine the number of women residents who did not complete neurosurgery training programs during 2000–2009. Secondary outcomes included the total number of women who matched into neurosurgery per year, year in training in which attrition occurred, and alternative career paths that these women chose to pursue.

RESULTS
Women comprised 240 of 1992 (12%) matched neurosurgery residents during 2000–2009. Among female residents there was a 17% attrition rate, compared with a 5.3% male attrition rate, with an overall attrition rate of 6.7%. The majority who left the field did so within the first 3 years of neurosurgical training and stayed in medicine—pursuing anesthesia, neurology, and radiology.

CONCLUSIONS
Although the percentage of women entering neurosurgical residency has continued to increase, this number is still disproportionate to the overall number of women in medicine. The female attrition rate in neurosurgery in the 2000–2009 cohort is comparable to that of the other surgical specialties, but for neurosurgery, there is disparity between the male and female attrition rates. Women who left the field tended to stay within medicine and usually pursued a neuroscience-related career. Given the need for talented women to pursue neurosurgery and the increasing numbers of women matching annually, the recruitment and retention of women in neurosurgery should be benchmarked and assessed.
Retroperitoneal oblique corridor to the L2–S1 intervertebral discs: an MRI study
Authors: Molinares Diana M. , Davis Timothy T. , Fung Daniel A. 
Published: October 2015

OBJECT
The purpose of this study was to analyze MR images of the lumbar spine and document: 1) the oblique corridor at each lumbar disc level between the psoas muscle and the great vessels, and 2) oblique access to the L5–S1 disc space. Access to the lumbar spine without disruption of the psoas muscle could translate into decreased frequency of postoperative neurological complications observed after a transpsoas approach. The authors investigated the retroperitoneal oblique corridor of L2–S1 as a means of surgical access to the intervertebral discs. This oblique approach avoids the psoas muscle and is a safe and potentially superior alternative to the lateral transpsoas approach used by many surgeons.

METHODS
One hundred thirty-three MRI studies performed between May 4, 2012, and February 27, 2013, were randomly selected from the authors’ database. Thirty-three MR images were excluded due to technical issues or altered lumbar anatomy due to previous spine surgery. The oblique corridor was defined as the distance between the left lateral border of the aorta (or iliac artery) and the anterior medial border of the psoas. The L5–S1 oblique corridor was defined transversely from the midsagittal line of the inferior endplate of L-5 to the medial border of the left common iliac vessel (axial view) and vertically to the first vascular structure that crossed midline (sagittal view).

RESULTS
The oblique corridor measurements to the L2–5 discs have the following mean distances: L2–3 = 16.04 mm, L3–4 = 14.21 mm, and L4–5 = 10.28 mm. The L5–S1 corridor mean distance was 10 mm between midline and left common iliac vessel, and 10.13 mm from the first midline vessel to the inferior endplate of L-5. The bifurcation of the aorta and confluence of the vena cava were also analyzed in this study. The aortic bifurcation was found at the L-3 vertebral body in 2% of the MR images, at the L3–4 disc in 5%, at the L-4 vertebral body in 43%, at the L4–5 disc in 11%, and at the L-5 vertebral body in 9%. The confluence of the iliac veins was found at lower levels: 45% at the L-4 level, 19.39% at the L4–5 intervertebral disc, and 34% at the L-5 vertebral body.

CONCLUSIONS
An oblique corridor of access to the L2–5 discs was found in 90% of the MR images (99% access to L2–3, 100% access to L3–4, and 91% access to L4–5). Access to the L5–S1 disc was also established in 69% of the MR images analyzed. The lower the confluence of iliac veins, the less probable it was that access to the L5–S1 intervertebral disc space was observed. These findings support the use of lumbar MRI as a tool to predetermine the presence of an oblique corridor for access to the L2–S1 intervertebral disc spaces prior to lumbar spine surgery.
Impact of transfer status on hospitalization cost and discharge disposition for acute ischemic stroke across the US
Authors: Sonig Ashish , Lin Ning , Krishna Chandan , Natarajan Sabareesh K. , Mokin Maxim , Hopkins L. Nelson , Snyder Kenneth V. , Levy Elad I. , Siddiqui Adnan H. 
Published: October 2015

OBJECT
In this study, the authors used information provided in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) to study the impact of transferring stroke patients from one facility to a center where they received some form of active stroke intervention (intravenous tissue plasminogen activator, thrombectomy, or a combination of both therapies).

METHODS
Patient demographic characteristics and hospital factors obtained from the 2008–2010 acute stroke NIS data were analyzed. Discharge disposition, hospitalization cost, and mortality were the dependent variables studied. Univariate analysis and multivariate binary logistic regression analysis were performed. Data analysis focused on the cohort of acute stroke patients who received some form of active intervention (55,913 of 1,311,511 patients in the NIS).

RESULTS
When overall outcome was considered, transferred patients had a significantly higher number of other-than-routine (OTR, i.e., other than discharge to home without home health care) discharge dispositions (p < 0.0001). In multivariate regression analysis including pertinent patient and hospital factors, transfer-in patients had significantly worse OTR discharge disposition (p < 0.0001, odds ratio [OR] 2.575, 95% CI 2.341–2.832). Mean hospitalization cost including an intervention was $70,325.11 for direct admissions and $97,546.92 for transferred patients. Transfer from another facility (p < 0.001, OR 1.677, 95% CI 1.548–1.817) was associated with higher hospitalization cost.

CONCLUSIONS
The study showed that hospital cost for acute stroke intervention is significantly higher for a transferred patient than for a direct admission. Moreover, the frequency of OTR discharge was significantly higher among transferred patients than direct admissions. Future strategies should focus on ways and means of transporting patients appropriately and directly to stroke centers.
Parkinson’s disease outcomes after intraoperative CT-guided “asleep” deep brain stimulation in the globus pallidus internus
Authors: Mirzadeh Zaman , Chapple Kristina , Lambert Margaret , Evidente Virgilio G. , Mahant Padma , Ospina Maria C. , Samanta Johan , Moguel-Cobos Guillermo , Salins Naomi , Lieberman Abraham , Tröster Alexander I. , Dhall Rohit , Ponce Francisco A. 
Published: October 2015

OBJECT
Recent studies show that deep brain stimulation can be performed safely and accurately without microelectrode recording ortest stimulation but with the patient under general anesthesia. The procedure couples techniques for direct anatomical targeting on MRI with intraoperative imaging to verify stereotactic accuracy. However, few authors have examined the clinical outcomes of Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients after this procedure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate PD outcomes following “asleep” deep brain stimulation in the globus pallidus internus (GPi).

METHODS
The authors prospectively examined all consecutive patients with advanced PD who underwent bilateral GPi electrode placement while under general anesthesia. Intraoperative CT was used to assess lead placement accuracy. The primary outcome measure was the change in the off-medication Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale motor score 6 months after surgery. Secondary outcomes included effects on the 39-Item Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39) scores, on-medication motor scores, and levodopa equivalent daily dose. Lead locations, active contact sites, stimulation parameters, and adverse events were documented.

RESULTS
Thirty-five patients (24 males, 11 females) had a mean age of 61 years at lead implantation. The mean radial error off plan was 0.8 mm. Mean coordinates for the active contact were 21.4 mm lateral, 4.7 mm anterior, and 0.4 mm superior to the midcommissural point. The mean off-medication motor score improved from 48.4 at baseline to 28.9 (40.3% improvement) at 6 months (p < 0.001). The PDQ-39 scores improved (50.3 vs 42.0; p = 0.03), and the levodopa equivalent daily dose was reduced (1207 vs 1035 mg; p = 0.004). There were no significant adverse events.

CONCLUSIONS
Globus pallidus internus leads placed with the patient under general anesthesia by using direct anatomical targeting resulted in significantly improved outcomes as measured by the improvement in the off-medication motor score at 6 months after surgery.