bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social occupational therapy
Authors: Malfitano Ana Paula Serrata , Lopes Roseli Esquerdo , Magalhães Lilian , Townsend Elizabeth A. 
Published: July 2014

Background. Researchers and practitioners worldwide have advocated for the development of critical perspectives in occupational therapy to examine the structural influences of social exclusion and injustice experienced by individuals, groups, and communities. To take action against social exclusion and injustice, Brazilian occupational therapists have been developing “social occupational therapy,” referring to practice that is focused on social issues and funded outside the health system. Purpose. This paper presents a Brazilian perspective on the concept and practice of social occupational therapy. Illustrations are drawn from 12 studies, developed between 2008 and 2013, which were completed with socially vulnerable youth through an ongoing university-community engagement partnership in São Carlos, São Paulo State, Brazil. Key issues. The authors discuss possibilities and challenges for developing a socially committed, transformative occupational therapy outside the health system. Implications. Occupational therapists may wish to seize opportunities to address social issues and attract funding beyond health services.
Development of Algo, a clinical algorithm for non–occupational therapists selecting bathing equipment
Authors: Guay Manon , Dubois Marie-France , Robitaille Judith , Desrosiers Johanne 
Published: July 2014

Background. In Quebec, occupational therapy guidelines allow non–occupational therapists, such as home health aides, to select bathing equipment for “straightforward” cases of clients living at home as long as the aides use a decision-making tool. Purpose. Our aim was to develop a tool that met the common needs of Quebec’s health and social services centres (HSSCs), which involve home health aides in selecting bathing equipment for home-dwelling clients. Method. We followed an ongoing iterative process involving a literature review as well as (a) a synthesis of 40 in-house tools, (b) feedback from 10 occupational therapists (two questionnaires and one focus group), (c) pretests, and (d) translation. Findings. Algo is a clinical algorithm constituting a visual map of the logical steps to follow when selecting bathing equipment for straightforward cases. Algo is a series of yes/no questions dealing with occupation, person, and environment. Implications. Algo, rooted in evidence and regulatory board guidelines, is available to HSSCs involving non-occupational therapists in selecting bathing equipment.
Vincristine and fine motor function of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Sabarre Cheryl L. , Rassekh Shahrad R. , Zwicker Jill G. 
Published: July 2014

Background. Children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia receive vincristine, a chemotherapy drug known to cause peripheral neuropathy. Yet, few studies have examined the association of vincristine to fine motor function. Purpose. This study will describe the fine motor skills and function of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia on maintenance vincristine. Method. A prospective case series design assessed manual dexterity and parent-reported fine motor dysfunction of 15 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in relation to cumulative vincristine exposure. Findings. Almost half of the participants had below-average fine motor skills compared to age-related norms, and 57% of parents observed functional motor problems in their children. No significant associations were found between vincristine, manual dexterity, and functional motor skills. Implications. Early detection and intervention for fine motor difficulties is suggested. Research with a larger sample is necessary to further explore the association of vincristine and fine motor function in this clinical population.
Empirical lessons about occupational categorization from case studies of unemployment
Authors: Aldrich Rebecca M. , McCarty Caroline Harkins , Boyd Brian A. , Bunch Caitlin E. , Balentine Cathrine B. 
Published: July 2014

Background. Scrutiny regarding the typological categorization of occupation (e.g., occupation as work, rest, or leisure) has prompted interest in experiential categories as a less exclusionary alternative. Empirical research can extend the dialogue about categorization by demonstrating how people in particular situations apply and generate occupational categories. Purpose. This article explores how adults without work utilized typological and experiential categorizations when discussing their occupations. Method. Data were generated via a secondary analysis of interview transcripts from three ethnographic case studies. Findings. Study consultants gravitated toward experiential rather than typological categorizations, emphasizing the social, chosen, purposeful, and temporal qualities of their occupational engagement. Implications. Occupational therapy practitioners and researchers must explicitly state how and why they categorize occupations with clients and research participants. Whereas typological categories can be used to initiate discussions about occupation, open questions paired with consultant-generated experiential categories may better capture occupational engagement and reveal potential injustices in situations like unemployment.
A social marketing approach to promoting healthful eating and physical activity in low-income and ethnically diverse schools
Authors: Paek Hye-Jin , Jung Yumi , Oh Hyun Jung , Alaimo Katherine , Pfeiffer Karin , Carlson Joseph J , Wen Yalu , Betz Heather Hayes , Orth Julie 
Published: July 2014

Objective: To evaluate the short-term outcome of the social marketing approach used in Project FIT, we developed a school- and community-based programme for promoting healthful eating and physical activity in kindergarten to 5th-grade children and their parents. Design: A 2-year quasi-experiment for children and two cross-sectional surveys for parents. Setting: We included low-income, urban and ethnically diverse elementary schools and neighbourhoods in Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA. Method: Students in 3rd, 4th and 5th grades were surveyed in four intervention schools (four time points, N with at least one time point measurement = 664) and two control schools ( N = 195). Parents of intervention students were surveyed at baseline ( N = 286) and follow-up ( N = 215). Key dependent variables included self-reported healthful eating and physical activity. Key independent variables included awareness, knowledge, motivation and attitudes towards Project FIT. Analysis: We analysed generalised linear mixed models and generalised estimation equation (GEE) models for the student surveys and mean difference tests and logistic regressions for the parent surveys. Results: The proportion of students who were aware of Project FIT increased over time. GEE models showed that selected key dependent variables were significantly associated with self-reported healthful eating and physical activity. Parents were more aware of Project FIT at follow-up compared to the baseline survey, and their attitudes were significantly associated with increased healthful eating (vegetables, fruits and whole grains). Conclusion: The social marketing approach utilised in Project FIT contributed to increasing awareness and achieving behavioural goals of healthful eating and physical activity.
Associations between objectively measured physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness and risk factors for metabolic syndrome in 12- to 15-year-old Tianjin city children
Authors: Tan Sijie , Wang Jianxiong , Zhang Yibing , Zhang Chen 
Published: July 2014

Objective: The study aim was to explore associations between daily physical activity level, cardiorespiratory fitness and metabolic syndrome among Chinese children. Design: We conducted a school-based, cross-sectional study. Setting: Participants including 112 boys and 121 girls were recruited from three schools in the urban suburbs of Tianjin city, China. Methods: A total of 233 children (12–15 years old) were recruited from the urban suburbs of Tianjin, China. Their daily physical activity level was monitored using accelerometry. Cardiorespiratory fitness was evaluated through a predicted maximal oxygen uptake. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its basic components were determined. Correlations between specific components of metabolic syndrome and daily physical activity and maximal oxygen uptake were assessed. Results: In all, 5.4% of the boys and 2.5% of the girls had metabolic syndrome, identified by the modified International Diabetes Federation definition. Moderate physical activity level had a negative correlation with blood pressure, but did not correlate with other components. Predicted maximal oxygen uptake displayed significant correlations with more components of childhood metabolic syndrome than those of physical activity level. Conclusion: Daily physical activity level did not show a significant correlation with the components of metabolic syndrome in 12- to 15-year-old Tianjin city children. However, planned exercise with a goal of improving maximal oxygen uptake should be stressed in school physical education in order to prevent the development of childhood metabolic syndrome.
The responsiveness of social policies. Explaining institutional change in three policy domains
Authors: Fenger Menno , van der Steen Martijn , van der Torre Lieske 
Published: July 2014

This article analyses and explains the responsiveness of social policies by comparing the impact of institutional logics, public preferences and external conditions on the evolution of three social policy domains in the Netherlands. It focuses on the institutional development of the policy domains of social assistance, labour market regulation and sheltered work over the last 15 years. The article integrates exogenous and endogenous explanations for institutional change. It shows that the analysis and explanation of processes of institutional evolution require in-depth analysis of the interaction between public preferences, the institutional logic and external conditions of the policy domains. Points for practitioners Many countries in the world are currently reforming their welfare states. Often these reform processes are designed according to institutional logic: the ideas and opinions of important internal stakeholders. Moreover, the decision to start a reform is also taken from the internal institutional perspective. This article highlights the importance of taking external conditions into account in processes of institutional reform. It shows how three different logics can and should be combined in designing and implementing reform processes and illustrates this by comparing three cases of institutional reform in the Dutch welfare state.
Assessing Knowledge Sharing Among Academics
Authors: Ramayah T. , Yeap Jasmine A. L. , Ignatius Joshua 
Published: July 2014

Background: There is a belief that academics tend to hold on tightly to their knowledge and intellectual resources. However, not much effort has been put into the creation of a valid and reliable instrument to measure knowledge sharing behavior among the academics. Objectives: To apply and validate the Knowledge Sharing Behavior Scale (KSBS) as a measure of knowledge sharing behavior within the academic community. Subjects: Respondents ( N = 447) were academics from arts and science streams in 10 local, public universities in Malaysia. Measures: Data were collected using the 28-item KSBS that assessed four dimensions of knowledge sharing behavior namely written contributions, organizational communications, personal interactions, and communities of practice. Results: The exploratory factor analysis showed that the items loaded on the dimension constructs that they were supposed to represent, thus proving construct validity. A within-factor analysis revealed that each set of items representing their intended dimension loaded on only one construct, therefore establishing convergent validity. All four dimensions were not perfectly correlated with each other or organizational citizenship behavior, thereby proving discriminant validity. However, all four dimensions correlated with organizational commitment, thus confirming predictive validity. Furthermore, all four factors correlated with both tacit and explicit sharing, which confirmed their concurrent validity. All measures also possessed sufficient reliability (α > .70). Conclusion: The KSBS is a valid and reliable instrument that can be used to formally assess the types of knowledge artifacts residing among academics and the degree of knowledge sharing in relation to those artifacts.
Pairwise Cluster Randomization
Authors: Rhodes William 
Published: July 2014

Background: Cluster randomization (CR) is often used for program evaluation when simple random assignment is inappropriate or infeasible. Pairwise cluster random (PCR) assignment is a more efficient alternative, but evaluators seemed to be deterred from PCR because of bias and identification problems. This article explains the problems, argues that they can be mitigated through design choices, and demonstrates that the suitability of PCR can be tested using Monte Carlo procedures. Research Design: The article presents simple formulas showing how the PCR estimator is biased and explains why its standard error is not identified. Formal derivations appear in a longer companion article. Using those formulas, this article discusses how good design can mitigate the problems with bias and identification. Using Monte Carol simulation, this article also shows how to choose between CR and PCR at the design stage. Conclusions: This article advocates for wider use of the PCR design. PCR loses its appeal when the investigator lacks baseline data for matching the clusters. Its use is less compelling when there are a large number of clusters. But when the evaluator is working with a fairly small number of clusters—26 in the running example used in this article—PCR is an attractive alternative to CR.
A Method for Analyzing Changing Prison Populations
Authors: Luallen Jeremy , Kling Ryan 
Published: July 2014

Background: For the past several decades, the U.S. prison system has witnessed a steady and persistent increase in the ages of prison populations. Given the additional costs and burdens placed on prisons as they house older inmates, this aging trend has generated intense interest among policy makers and academics who seek to understand why prison populations are getting older. Objective: This article presents a method for evaluating drivers influencing the change in age distributions among prisoners. Method: We define a methodological approach and demonstrate its application using prison data from four states reporting to the Bureau of Justice Statistics’ National Corrections Reporting Program. Results: We find that since 2000, the primary driver of overall growth in the elderly populations in prison (defined as inmates over 50) is the increasing admission age of offenders entering prison. Moreover, changes in offense mix and sentence length/time served over the last decade have had significantly less influence on the age composition of prison populations. We also find that the impact of explanatory factors varies across states and offense types. For example, prison admission and exit rates explain much of the change in elderly drug offenders in New York, but not elderly violent offenders, where admission age plays a much stronger explanatory role. Conclusion: Our analysis offers an effective demonstration that supports the use of this method as an important and informative first step toward understanding components of change that affect the problem of prison aging.
Effect of repaglinide, administered two or three times daily for 3 months, on glycaemic control in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kamiyama Hiroshi , Aoki Kazutaka , Nakajima Shigeru , Shinoda Kazuaki , Kamiko Kazunari , Taguri Masataka , Terauchi Yasuo 
Published: July 2014

Objectives To compare the efficacy, safety and compliance of repaglinide, administered either two or three times daily, regarding glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods Japanese adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus, who had been treated without sulphonylureas or glinides for >3 months, were randomly assigned to two groups to receive either 0.25 mg repaglinide, oral, twice daily (group A) or 0.25 mg repaglinide, oral, three times daily (group B). Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), glycoalbumin (GA) and 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) levels were measured at 0, 1, 2 and 3 months after treatment commenced. Results Out of 43 patients who enrolled (group A, n = 22; group B, n = 21), 33 patients completed the trial (group A, n = 16; group B, n = 17). No significant between-group differences in HbA1c, GA, or 1,5-AG levels were seen at 1–3 months. No severe hypoglycaemic episodes or other adverse events were observed. Conclusions Minimal-dose repaglinide administered twice daily was similar in efficacy and safety to three-times-daily administration, in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Administration of repaglinide twice daily could be an alternative regimen for patients who cannot take repaglinide three times daily.
Aberrant promoter methylation of the cadherin 13 gene in serum and its relationship with clinicopathological features of prostate cancer
Authors: Wang Li , Lin Ying-Li , Li Bo , Wang Yu-Zhong , Li Wen-Ping , Ma Jian-Guo 
Published: July 2014

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of cadherin 13 ( CDH13) gene promoter methylation in the serum of patients with prostate cancer. Methods This prospective study examined the methylation status of CDH13 in serum samples obtained from patients with primary prostate cancer and age-matched control subjects, using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. Associations between methylation status of CDH13 and various clinicopathological features and patient survival were evaluated. Results A total of 98 patients with prostate cancer and 47 control subjects were enrolled in the study. CDH13 promoter methylation was detected in 44 out of 98 (44.9%) patients with prostate cancer; no methylation was found in control subjects. Methylation of CDH13 was significantly associated with an increased Gleason score, an advanced tumour stage, and a high prostate-specific antigen level. CDH13 methylation was associated with a worse survival outcome and a relative risk of death of 6.132 (95% confidence interval: 3.160, 12.187). Conclusions Promoter methylation of CDH13 occurred frequently in the serum of patients with prostate cancer, was associated with an increased risk of death, and may become a useful independent predictor of a poor prognosis.
Delayed-Onset Ulnar Neuritis After Release of Elbow Contractures
Authors: Blonna Davide , Huffmann G. Russell , O’Driscoll Shawn W. 
Published: July 2014

Background: Little information exists regarding delayed-onset ulnar neuritis (DOUN) after arthroscopic release of elbow contractures. Purpose: To describe, in a large cohort of patients, the clinical presentation of and risk factors for developing DOUN after arthroscopic release of elbow contractures. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A retrospective study of 565 consecutive arthroscopic releases of elbow contractures was conducted. Essentially, DOUN was defined as ulnar neuritis or neuropathy, or worsening of pre-existing ulnar nerve symptoms, that developed postoperatively in patients with normal neurological examination findings immediately after surgery. After inclusion and exclusion criteria were met, 235 contracture releases in patients who had not undergone any ulnar nerve surgery remained and were used for the analysis of risk factors with a multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: Twenty-six patients (11%) developed DOUN. The patients fell into 1 of 3 distinct groups. Fifteen (58%) presented with rapidly progressive DOUN, characterized by rapidly progressive sensorimotor ulnar neuropathy, increasing pain at the cubital tunnel during end-range flexion and/or extension, and rapidly deteriorating range of motion within the first week after surgery. Urgent ulnar subcutaneous nerve transposition was performed within 1 or 2 days of diagnosis. Eight (31%) presented with nonprogressive DOUN, characterized by mild sensory ulnar neuropathy, neither motor weakness nor substantial pain at the cubital tunnel, or loss of motion. Three (12%) presented with slowly progressive DOUN, characterized by the insidious onset of mild ulnar neuropathy. Significant risk factors for DOUN included a diagnosis of heterotopic ossification (odds ratio, 31; 95% CI, 5-191; P < .001), preoperative neurological symptoms (odds ratio, 6; 95% CI, 2-19; P = .001), and preoperative arc of motion (odds ratio, 0.97 per degree of motion; 95% CI, 0.96-0.99; P = .02). Conclusion: Delayed-onset ulnar neuritis is an important complication of arthroscopic release of elbow contractures. We recommend a high index of suspicion and monitoring patients with progressive loss of elbow motion and end-range pain for evidence of subclinical ulnar neuritis.
The Effects of Level of Competition, Sport, and Sex on the Incidence of First-Time Noncontact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury
Authors: Beynnon Bruce D. , Vacek Pamela M. , Newell Maira K. , Tourville Timothy W. , Smith Helen C. , Shultz Sandra J. , Slauterbeck James R. , Johnson Robert J. 
Published: July 2014

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are disabling and are associated with the early onset of posttraumatic osteoarthritis. Little is known regarding the incidence rate of first-time noncontact ACL injuries sustained during athletic events and how they are independently influenced by level of competition, type of sport, and the participant’s sex. Hypothesis: Level of competition (college or high school), type of sport (soccer, basketball, lacrosse, field hockey, football, rugby, volleyball), and the athlete’s sex independently influence the incidence rate of first-time noncontact ACL injuries. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Between fall 2008 and spring 2012, first-time noncontact ACL injury data were collected from 8 colleges and 18 high schools across 7 sports. Athlete exposure was computed retrospectively using team rosters and numbers of scheduled practices and games. Injury incidence rates (IRs) were computed per 1000 athlete exposures. The independent effects of level of competition, sport, and sex on ACL injury risk were estimated by Poisson regression. Results: Colleges reported 48 ACL injuries with 320,719 athlete exposures across all sports studied (IR = 0.150 per 1000 person-days), while high schools reported 53 injuries with 873,057 athlete exposures (IR = 0.061). After adjustment for differences in sport and sex, college athletes had a significantly higher injury risk than did high school athletes (adjusted relative risk [RR], 2.38; 95% CI, 1.55-3.54). The overall IR for female athletes was 0.112 compared with 0.063 for males. After adjustment for sport and level of play, females were more than twice as likely to have a first-time ACL injury compared with males (RR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.34-3.27). With lacrosse as the reference group, risk of first-time noncontact ACL injury was significantly higher for soccer players (RR, 1.77) and for rugby players (RR, 2.23), independent of level of play and sex. Conclusion: An athlete’s risk of having a first-time noncontact ACL injury is independently influenced by level of competition, the participant’s sex, and type of sport, and there are no interactions between their effects. Female college athletes have the highest risk of having a first-time noncontact ACL injury among the groups studied.