bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The combination of IκB kinase β inhibitor and everolimus modulates expression of interleukin‐10 in human T‐cell lymphotropic virus type‐1‐infected T cells
Authors: Nishioka Chie , Ikezoe Takayuki , Yang Jing , Udaka Keiko , Yokoyama Akihito 
Published: December 2012

SummaryAdult T‐cell leukaemia‐lymphoma (ATLL) is an aggressive malignancy of CD4+ CD25+ T lymphocytes, characterized by a severely compromised immunosystem, in which the human T‐cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV‐1) has been recognized as the aetiological agent. This study found that an IκB kinase β (IKKβ) inhibitor Bay11‐7082 inactivated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and transcription factor nuclear factor‐κB in HTLV‐1‐infected T cells; this was significantly enhanced in the presence of the mTOR inhibitor everolimus. In addition, Bay11‐7082 decreased production of the immunosuppressive cytokine interleukin‐10 (IL‐10), which was further down‐regulated when Bay11‐7082 was combined with evelolimus in HTLV‐1‐infected T and ATLL cells isolated from patients. Interleukin‐10 is known to inhibit maturation and the antigen‐presenting function of dendritic cells (DCs). The culture media of HTLV‐1‐infected MT‐1 cells, which contained a large amout of IL‐10, hampered tumour necrosis factor‐α‐induced maturation of DCs isolated from healthy volunteers. Culture supernatant of MT‐1 cells treated with a combination of Bay11‐7082 and everolimus augmented maturation of DCs in association with a decrease in production of IL‐10 and enhanced the allostimulatory function of DCs. Similarly, when DCs isolated from patients with ATLL were treated with the combination of Bay11‐7082 and everolimus, they were fully matured and their capability to stimulate proliferation of lymphocytes was augmented. Taken together, the combination of Bay11‐7082 and everolimus might exhibit immunostimulatory properties in HTLV‐1‐infected T and ATLL cells isolated from patients, and this combination may be potentially therapeutic to regain the compromised immunosystem in ATLL patients.
Neuraminidase inhibitors for influenza: a review and public health perspective in the aftermath of the 2009 pandemic
Authors: Beck Charles R. , Sokal Rachel , Arunachalam Nachiappan , Puleston Richard , Cichowska Anna , Kessel Anthony , Zambon Maria , Nguyen‐Van‐Tam Jonathan S. ,   on behalf of the UK Antiviral Effectiveness Review Group
Published: December 2012

Please cite this paper as: Beck et al. on behalf of the UK Antiviral Effectiveness Review Group. (2012) Neuraminidase inhibitors for influenza: a review and public health perspective in the aftermath of the 2009 pandemic. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 7(Suppl. 1), 14–24.Objectives  The objectives of this study were to: (1) reflect on key stages in the discovery, development and pre‐pandemic use of neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs), (2) summarise the evidence of NAI effectiveness for treatment and prophylaxis of seasonal influenza prior to the 2009 pandemic, and (3) summarise the evidence base generated during the 2009 pandemic period.Design  A rapid systematic review of evidence published to June 2010 was conducted where existing high‐quality systematic reviews formed a baseline and were supplemented with data from other reviews, randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies.Main Outcome Measures  Severity and duration of symptoms; rates of severe illness, complications and death following treatment for influenza or influenza‐like illness; rates of influenza and influenza‐like illness following long‐term prophylaxis or post‐exposure prophylaxis of household contacts.Results  Prior to the 2009 pandemic, evidence from RCTs conducted in seasonal influenza epidemics indicated that NAIs used to treat laboratory‐confirmed influenza in healthy adults reduced the duration of illness by one day. NAIs provide high levels of protective efficacy in adults when given long‐term or in household‐based post‐exposure prophylaxis for seasonal influenza. Several 2009 pandemic period observational studies suggest that early treatment may reduce rates of hospitalisation and in‐hospital mortality, but data from that period do not substantially increase the evidence base on prophylaxis, although they confirm effectiveness.Conclusions  NAIs should be deployed during a future pandemic for either post‐exposure prophylaxis or treatment depending on national policy considerations and logistics. The existing evidence base on effectiveness against severe outcomes requires supplementation.
Antivirals in seasonal and pandemic influenza—future perspectives*
Authors: Wathen Michael W. , Barro Mario , Bright Rick A. 
Published: December 2012

Please cite this paper as: Wathen et al. (2012) Antivirals in seasonal and pandemic influenza—future perspectives. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 7(Suppl. 1), 76–80.Antiviral drugs continue to be an important option for the treatment of influenza disease and will likely be the only option during the early phases of pandemic. However, the limited number of drug classes licensed for treatment of influenza raises several issues, particularly in the face of drug resistance. Two classes of drugs are presently licensed for treatment of influenza, M2 and neuraminidase inhibitors. M2 inhibitors are currently not recommended for treatment of influenza because of widespread resistance and resistance to neuraminidase inhibitors has been observed during the past influenza seasonal outbreaks. Additional antiviral drugs with novel mechanisms of action are clearly needed for the treatment of influenza. Fortunately, the landscape of drugs in early and advanced development has dramatically increased over the last 5 years. Drugs targeting viral functions such as attachment, entry/fusion, transcription, and polymerase and drugs targeting host factors affecting viral replication are currently in clinical trials. Examples of these novel antiviral drugs and the challenges for influenza antiviral drug development are discussed in this article.
Primary treatments for clinically localised prostate cancer: a comprehensive lifetime cost‐utility analysis
Authors: Cooperberg Matthew R. , Ramakrishna Naren R. , Duff Steven B. , Hughes Kathleen E. , Sadownik Sara , Smith Joseph A. , Tewari Ashutosh K. 
Published: December 2012

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?
Multiple treatment alternatives exist for localised prostate cancer, with few high‐quality studies directly comparing their comparative effectiveness and costs.
The present study is the most comprehensive cost‐effectiveness analysis to date for localised prostate cancer, conducted with a lifetime horizon and accounting for survival, health‐related quality‐of‐life, and cost impact of secondary treatments and other downstream events, as well as primary treatment choices. The analysis found minor differences, generally slightly favouring surgical methods, in quality‐adjusted life years across treatment options. However, radiation therapy (RT) was consistently more expensive than surgery, and some alternatives, e.g. intensity‐modulated RT for low‐risk disease, were dominated – that is, both more expensive and less effective than competing alternatives.
Objective
To characterise the costs and outcomes associated with radical prostatectomy (open, laparoscopic, or robot‐assisted) and radiation therapy (RT: dose‐escalated three‐dimensional conformal RT, intensity‐modulated RT, brachytherapy, or combination), using a comprehensive, lifetime decision analytical model.
Patients and Methods
A Markov model was constructed to follow hypothetical men with low‐, intermediate‐, and high‐risk prostate cancer over their lifetimes after primary treatment; probabilities of outcomes were based on an exhaustive literature search yielding 232 unique publications.
In each Markov cycle, patients could have remission, recurrence, salvage treatment, metastasis, death from prostate cancer, and death from other causes.
Utilities for each health state were determined, and disutilities were applied for complications and toxicities of treatment.
Costs were determined from the USA payer perspective, with incorporation of patient costs in a sensitivity analysis.
Results
Differences across treatments in quality‐adjusted life years across methods were modest, ranging from 10.3 to 11.3 for low‐risk patients, 9.6–10.5 for intermediate‐risk patients and 7.8–9.3 for high‐risk patients.
There were no statistically significant differences among surgical methods, which tended to be more effective than RT methods, with the exception of combined external beam + brachytherapy for high‐risk disease.
RT methods were consistently more expensive than surgical methods; costs ranged from $19 901 (robot‐assisted prostatectomy for low‐risk disease) to $50 276 (combined RT for high‐risk disease).
These findings were robust to an extensive set of sensitivity analyses.
Conclusions
Our analysis found small differences in outcomes and substantial differences in payer and patient costs across treatment alternatives.
These findings may inform future policy discussions about strategies to improve efficiency of treatment selection for localised prostate cancer.
Finding Science with Science: Evaluating a Domain and Scientific Ontology User Interface for the Discovery of Scientific Resources
Authors: Stock Kristin , Karasova Vera , Robertson Anne , Roger Guillaume , Small Mark , Bishr Mohamed , Ortmann Jens , Stojanovic Tim , Reitsma Femke , Korczynski Lukasz , Brodaric Boyan , Gardner Zoe 
Published: December 2012

AbstractCurrent approaches to the discovery of scientific resources (publications, data sets and web services) are dominated by keyword search. These approaches do not allow scientists to search on the deeper semantics of scientific resources, or to discover resources on the basis of the scientific approaches taken. This article evaluates a user interface that allows users to discover scientific resources through structured knowledge in the form of ontologies describing the domain and the scientific knowledge inherent within the scientific resource, and also through informal user tags. These combined capabilities provide scientists with new and powerful options for resource discovery. A qualitative user evaluation explored how scientists felt about the approach for resource discovery in the context of their scientific work. The study showed that marine scientists were enthusiastic about the capabilities of such an approach and appreciated the ability to browse the visual structure of the knowledge and query on scientific method but, overall, preferred the use of tags over ontologies. The exploratory nature of the user study was used to identify future directions for such improvements.
Predicting Inflation Dynamics with Singular Spectrum Analysis
Authors: Hassani Hossein , Soofi Abdol S. , Zhigljavsky Anatoly 
Published: December 2012

SummaryWe use univariate and multivariate singular spectrum analyses to predict the rate of inflation as well as changes in the direction of inflation time series for the USA. We use consumer price indices and realtime chain-weighted gross domestic product price index series in these prediction exercises. Moreover, we compare our out-of-sample, h-step-ahead moving prediction results with other prediction results based on methods such as the activity-based non-accelerating inflation rate of unemployment Phillips curve, auto-regressive AR(p) model, the dynamic factors model and random-walk models with the last as a naive forecasting method. We use short-run (quarterly) and long-run (1–6 years) time windows for predictions and find that multivariate singular spectrum analysis outperforms all other competing prediction methods. Also, we confirm the results of earlier studies that prediction of the rate of inflation in the USA during the period of the ‘Great Moderation’ is less challenging compared with the more volatile inflationary period of 1970–1985.
Statistical Analysis of Varieties of English
Authors: Nam Christopher F. H. , Mukherjee Sach , Schilk Marco , Mukherjee Joybrato 
Published: December 2012

SummaryLinguistic corpora are databases of text which are linguistically marked up or otherwise structured and designed to be representative of a specific language. The growing availability of such corpora has brought with it opportunities for statistical analysis. The paper develops and uses statistical approaches to address questions pertaining to an important linguistic phenomenon: the use of different syntactic alternatives. We present a model-selection-based approach for determining possible driving attributes affecting verb complementation for written sentence constructions using the verb ‘give’ in three varieties of English. We are interested in explaining the choice of alternatives in terms of a variety of sentence level linguistic features such as the meaning of the verb, in addition to the country of origin.
Prevalence of dementia and dementing diseases in the old‐old population in Japan: the Kurihara Project. Implications for Long‐Term Care Insurance data
Authors: MEGURO Kenichi , TANAKA Naofumi , KASAI Mari , NAKAMURA Kei , ISHIKAWA Hiroyasu , NAKATSUKA Masahiro , SATOH Masayuki , OUCHI Yoshitaka 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackground:  There have been no reports on the prevalence of dementia among the old‐old people in Japan.Methods:  We studied the old‐old population in Kurihara, northern Japan. Analysis 1 of Participants 1 (n = 590) was performed to evaluate the prevalence of dementia and dementing diseases by intensive evaluation including MRI. Analysis 2 aimed to determine a good indicator for detecting ‘suspected dementia condition’ based on the Long‐Term Care Insurance index. Analysis 3 of Participants 2 (n = 3915) aimed to estimate the prevalence of ‘suspected dementia condition’.Results:  In Analysis 1, 73 people (12.4%) were diagnosed with dementia. The most common cause was Alzheimer's disease with cerebrovascular disease. In Analysis 2, level I of the Impairment Level of Dementia was found to be a good indicator of ‘suspected dementia condition’. In Analysis 3, the overall estimated prevalence of ‘suspected dementia condition’ was 23.6%. In men, the ratio increased gradually from 75 to 87 years old to about 20%, increased to 40% at the age of 88 and became stable thereafter. In contrast, in women, the ratio increased from 75 to 95+ years old, reaching about 70%.Conclusions:  The prevalence was higher than that reported previously. There was a difference between the sexes: an ‘age‐related’ increase occurred in men and an ‘ageing‐related’ increase in women. Alzheimer's disease with cerebrovascular disease was the most common cause, which coincided with the previous findings of individuals aged 65 years and older; however, the ratio of mixed dementia was greater.
Short‐Selling Bans Around the World: Evidence from the 2007–09 Crisis
Authors: BEBER ALESSANDRO , PAGANO MARCO 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTMost regulators around the world reacted to the 2007–09 crisis by imposing bans on short selling. These were imposed and lifted at different dates in different countries, often targeted different sets of stocks, and featured varying degrees of stringency. We exploit this variation in short‐sales regimes to identify their effects on liquidity, price discovery, and stock prices. Using panel and matching techniques, we find that bans (i) were detrimental for liquidity, especially for stocks with small capitalization and no listed options; (ii) slowed price discovery, especially in bear markets, and (iii) failed to support prices, except possibly for U.S. financial stocks.
Influence of Hematoma Location on Acute Mortality after Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Lee Ji‐Yong , King Caroline , Stradling Dana , Warren Michael , Nguyen Dennis , Lee Johnny , Riola Mark A. , Montoya Ricardo , Patel Dipika , Le Vu H. , Welbourne Susan J. , Cramer Steven C. 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEThis study aimed to identify predictors of acute mortality after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), including voxel‐wise analysis of hematoma location.METHODSIn 282 consecutive patients with acute ICH, clinical and radiological predictors of acute mortality were identified. Voxel‐based lesion‐symptom mapping examined spatial correlates of acute mortality, contrasting results in basal ganglia ICH and lobar ICH.RESULTSAcute mortality was 47.9%. In bivariate analyses, one clinical (serum glucose) and two radiological (hematoma volume and intraventricular extension) measures significantly predicted mortality. The relationship was strongest for hematoma volume. Multivariable modeling identified four significant predictors of mortality (ICH volume, intraventricular extension, serum glucose, and serum hemoglobin), although this model only minimally improved the predictive value provided by ICH volume alone. Voxel‐wise analysis found that for patients with lobar ICH, brain regions where acute hematoma was significantly associated with higher acute mortality included inferior parietal lobule and posterior insula; for patients with basal ganglia ICH, a large region extending from cortex to brainstem.CONCLUSIONSFor patients with lobar ICH, acute mortality is related to both hematoma size and location, with findings potentially useful for therapeutic decision making. The current findings also underscore differences between the syndromes of acute deep and lobar ICH.
Brain Metastases from Prostate Cancer: An 11‐Year Analysis in the MRI Era with Emphasis on Imaging Characteristics, Incidence, and Prognosis
Authors: Hatzoglou Vaios , Patel Gita V. , Morris Michael J. , Curtis Kristen , Zhang Zhigang , Shi Weiji , Huse Jason , Rosenblum Marc , Holodny Andrei I. , Young Robert J. 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEBrain metastases from prostate cancer are uncommon and their imaging appearance has not been well defined. The main objectives of this study were to evaluate the incidence, MRI characteristics, and prognosis of parenchymal brain metastases originating in prostate cancer.METHODSWe retrospectively identified 21 patients with prostate cancer and evidence of brain metastases from 2000 to 2010. We reviewed the initial brain MRI scans and characterized the lesions according to location and appearance on MRI, while also determining patient demography, staging, and survival.RESULTSThe incidence of brain metastasis from prostate cancer was .16%. At the time of brain metastasis detection, 95% of the patients had concurrent osseous metastases, 86% lymph node metastases, and 76% liver and/or lung metastases. Brain metastases were multifocal in 71% of patients, hemorrhagic in 33%, diffusion restricted in 19%, and partially cystic/necrotic in 19%. The median overall survival after brain metastasis detection was 2.8 months.CONCLUSIONSBrain metastasis from prostate cancer remains a rare phenomenon that most frequently occurs in the setting of widely disseminated bone and soft tissue disease. Patients with nonadenocarcinoma pathology are more likely to develop brain metastases. The MRI appearance is highly variable and prognosis is poor.
Using a Modified Payment Card Survey to Measure Chinese Consumers’ Willingness to Pay for Fair Trade Coffee: Considering Starting Points
Authors: Yang Shang‐Ho , Qing Ping , Hu Wuyang , Liu Yun 
Published: December 2012

Coffee consumption in China has increased rapidly in recent years. This study offers one of the few existing attempts to understand Chinese consumers’ coffee consumption behavior with a special focus on the viability of fair trade coffee in the Chinese market. A modified payment card approach was adopted to elicit consumer willingness to pay (WTP). Survey results suggest a positive attitude toward coffee and WTP for fair trade coffee. This study also explores the potential impact of starting point bias, which has been relatively well documented in the dichotomous choice literature, but less thoroughly in a payment card context.La consommation de café en Chine s’est accrue rapidement au cours des dernières années. La présente étude figure parmi les quelques tentatives déployées pour comprendre le comportement de consommation de café des consommateurs chinois et se penche sur la viabilité du cafééquitable sur le marché chinois. Nous avons utilisé une méthode modifiée de la carte de paiement pour déterminer le consentement à payer des consommateurs. Les résultats de notre étude montrent une attitude positive envers le café et un consentement à payer pour obtenir du cafééquitable. L’étude se penche également sur l’impact probable du biais de position initiale, qui est assez bien documenté dans la littérature sur le choix dichotomique, mais qui l’est moins dans le contexte de la carte de paiement.
Meaning vs. Power: Are Thick Description and Power Analysis Intrinsically at Odds? Response to Interpretation, Explanation, and Clifford Geertz
Authors: Springs Jason 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis paper responds critically and synthetically to forgoing papers by Kevin Jung, Robert Segal, and Stephen Bush. Placing their respective arguments into conversation helpfully illuminates the methodological multidimensionality and improvisational character of Geertz’s account of interpretation and explanation. I argue that these features of Geertz’s work enable it to simultaneously attend to meaning, power, identity, and experience in understanding and assessing religious practices and cultural formations.
“Are Meanings the Name of the Game? Religion as Symbolic Meaning and Religion as Power”
Authors: Bush Stephen S. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract“Searching for symbolic meanings,” Talal Asad says, “is not the name of my game.” In putting things like this, Asad leads us to believe that the approach to the study of religion he favors, which focuses on social power, is at odds with the approach Clifford Geertz advances, which focuses on the interpretation of symbolic meaning. However, for a particular action or pattern of behavior to affect social power structures, it must possess symbolic meaning. So the social power approach and the interpretive approach are not as different as some of their respective advocates indicate.
Yttrium Bearing Silicon Carbide Matrices for Robust Ceramic Composites
Authors: Poerschke David L. , Levi Carlos G. 
Published: December 2012

Application of SiC‐based ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) in combustion environments demands the use of an environmental barrier coating (EBC) to prevent volatilization of the protective SiO2 scale in flowing water vapor. The EBC only provides protection while present on the surface; cracking and spallation of the coating leaves the underlying SiC vulnerable to the oxidation–volatilization processes. A robust matrix material chemically tailored to regrow a yttrium silicate scale in the event of EBC loss has been developed by incorporating yttrium bearing species including YB2, Y2O3, and Y5Si3 into the SiC. During oxidation a borosilicate glass helps seal cracks while Y2O3 and SiO2 react to form Y2Si2O7 for environmental protection. Candidate compositions were oxidized for 10 min to 100 h at 1400°C and for 24 h at 1500°C to understand the scale growth. The prospects for effectively applying this approach in CMCs are discussed.