bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of 65 pregnancies in 34 women with five different forms of inherited platelet function disorders
Authors: Civaschi Elisa , Klersy Catherine , Melazzini Federica , Pujol‐Moix Nuria , Santoro Cristina , Cattaneo Marco , Lavenu‐Bombled Cécile , Bury Loredana , Minuz Pietro , Nurden Paquita , Cid Ana R. , Cuker Adam , Latger‐Cannard Véronique , Favier Remi , Nichele Ilaria , Noris Patrizia ,   the European Haematology Association – Scientific Working Group on Thrombocytopenias and Platelet Function Disorders
Published: April 2015

SummaryThis study evaluated 65 pregnancies in 34 women with five different inherited platelet function disorders. Gestation was similar to that of the general population. Severe bleeds requiring blood transfusions were observed in 50% of deliveries in Glanzmann thrombasthenia (GT), but not in the patients with delta storage pool disease, Hermansky‐Pudlak syndrome, P2Y12 defect or defect of thromboxane A2 receptor. Of note, severe haemorrhage also occurred in women with GT who had received prophylactic platelet transfusions, suggesting that better preventive treatments are required. Diagnosis and degree of spontaneous bleeding tendency before pregnancy were reliable parameters to predict the delivery‐related bleeding risk.
Removal of body surface area normalisation improves raw‐measured glomerular filtration rate estimation by the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation and drug dosing in the obese
Authors: Chew‐Harris J. S. C. , Chin P. K. L. , Florkowski C. M. , George P. , Endre Z. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackground/AimWe aimed to compared estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) according to the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation (CKD‐EPI), with (mL/min/1.73 m2) and without body surface area (BSA) normalisation (CKD‐EPI_noBSA, mL/min) against measured 99m Technetium ‐ diethylenepentaacetic acid (Tc‐DTPA GFR) (mL/min) in 222 individuals, including 80 with malignancy.MethodsBSA was calculated for each individual using the Du Bois equation. The CKD‐EPI and CKD‐EPI_noBSA equations were compared with measured Tc‐DTPA GFR with respect to bias, proportion within 30% of GFR (P30) and root mean square error for predicting levels of GFR, and concordance in relation to carboplatin dosing.ResultsThe mean (SD) for BSA and measured GFR for the entire group was 1.99 (0.25) m2 and 127 (41) mL/min respectively. The P30 for Tc‐DTPA GFR was significantly higher with the CKD‐EPI_noBSA (80%) than with the CKD‐EPI equation (63%, P = 0.0001). In those with body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m2, the P30 values for the CKD‐EPI_noBSA and CKD‐EPI were 74% and 42% respectively (P < 0.0001). Carboplatin dosing concordance for the cancer patients using the CKD‐EPI and CKD‐EPI_noBSA equation was 71% and 56% respectively (P = 0.07). In 78 individuals with BMI > 30 kg/m2, concordance in relation to carboplatin dosing using CKD‐EPI_noBSA was 65% compared with 26% with the CKD‐EPI (P < 0.0001).ConclusionThe CKD‐EPI without normalisation (CKD‐EPI_noBSA) equation was superior to the CKD‐EPI equation in estimating raw‐measured Tc‐DTPA GFR (mL/min).
Is telemedicine helping or hindering the delivery of stroke thrombolysis in rural areas? A qualitative analysis
Authors: Moloczij N. , Mosley I. , Moss K. M. , Bagot K. L. , Bladin C. F. , Cadilhac D. A 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundFast diagnosis and delivery of treatment to patients experiencing acute stroke can reduce subsequent disability. While telemedicine can improve rural community access to specialists and facilitate timely diagnosis and treatment decisions, it is not widely used for stroke in Australia.AimIdentifying the barriers and facilitators to clinician engagement with, and utilisation of, telemedicine consultations could expedite implementation in rural and remote locations.MethodsPurposive sampling was used to identify and recruit medical and nursing staff varying in telemedicine experience across one hospital department. Twenty‐four in‐depth, face‐to‐face interviews were conducted examining aspects surrounding stroke telemedicine uptake. Inductive qualitative thematic analysis was undertaken, and two further researchers verified coding.ResultsThe main barriers identified were contrasting opinions about the utility of thrombolysis for treating acute stroke, lack of confidence in the telemedicine system, perceived limited need for specialist advice and concerns about receiving advice from an unfamiliar doctor. Facilitators included assistance with diagnosis and treatment, the need for a user‐friendly system and access to specialists for complex cases.ConclusionsAcceptability of telemedicine for acute stroke was multifaceted and closely aligned with regional clinician beliefs about the value of thrombolysis for stroke, highlighting an important area for education. Addressing beliefs about treatment efficacy and other perceived barriers is important for establishing a stroke telemedicine programme.
Developmental changes in genetic and environmental influences on rule‐breaking and aggression: age and pubertal development
Authors: Harden K. Paige , Patterson Megan W. , Briley Daniel A. , Engelhardt Laura E. , Kretsch Natalie , Mann Frank D. , Tackett Jennifer L. , Tucker‐Drob Elliot M. 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundAntisocial behavior (ASB) can be meaningfully divided into nonaggressive rule‐breaking versus aggressive dimensions, which differ in developmental course and etiology. Previous research has found that genetic influences on rule‐breaking, but not aggression, increase from late childhood to mid‐adolescence. This study tested the extent to which the developmental increase in genetic influence on rule‐breaking was associated with pubertal development compared to chronological age.MethodChild and adolescent twins (n = 1,031), ranging in age from 8 to 20 years (M age = 13.5 years), were recruited from public schools as part of the Texas Twin Project. Participants reported on their pubertal development using the Pubertal Development Scale and on their involvement in ASB on items from the Child Behavior Checklist. Measurement invariance of ASB subtypes across age groups (≤12 years vs. >12 years old) was tested using confirmatory factor analyses. Quantitative genetic modeling was used to test whether the genetic and environmental influences on aggression and rule‐breaking were moderated by age, pubertal status, or both.ResultsQuantitative genetic modeling indicated that genetic influences specific to rule‐breaking increased as a function of pubertal development controlling for age (a gene × puberty interaction), but did not vary as a function of age controlling for pubertal status. There were no developmental differences in the genetic etiology of aggression. Family‐level environmental influences common to aggression and rule‐breaking decreased with age, further contributing to the differentiation between these subtypes of ASB from childhood to adolescence.ConclusionsFuture research should discriminate between alternative possible mechanisms underlying gene × puberty interactions on rule‐breaking forms of antisocial behavior, including possible effects of pubertal hormones on gene expression.
Melatonin reduces hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic obese rats
Authors: Agil Ahmad , El‐Hammadi Mazen , Jiménez‐Aranda Aroa , Tassi Mohamed , Abdo Walied , Fernández‐Vázquez Gumersindo , Reiter Russel J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractHepatic mitochondrial dysfunction is thought to play a role in the development of liver steatosis and insulin resistance, which are both common characteristics of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It was hypothesized that the antioxidant properties of melatonin could potentially improve the impaired functions of hepatic mitochondria in diabetic obese animals. Male Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats and lean littermates (ZL) were given either melatonin (10 mg/kg BW/day) orally for 6 wk (M‐ZDF and M‐ZL) or vehicle as control groups (C‐ZDF and C‐ZL). Hepatic function was evaluated by measurement of serum alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase levels, liver histopathology and electron microscopy, and hepatic mitochondrial functions. Several impaired functions of hepatic mitochondria were observed in C‐ZDF in comparison with C‐ZL rats. Melatonin treatment to ZDF rats decreases serum levels of ALT (P < 0.001), alleviates liver steatosis and vacuolation, and also mitigates diabetic‐induced mitochondrial abnormalities, glycogen, and lipid accumulation. Melatonin improves mitochondrial dysfunction in M‐ZDF rats by increasing activities of mitochondrial citrate synthase (P < 0.001) and complex IV of electron transfer chain (P < 0.05) and enhances state 3 respiration (P < 0.001), respiratory control index (RCR) (P < 0.01), and phosphorylation coefficient (ADP/O ratio) (P < 0.05). Also melatonin augments ATP production (P < 0.05) and diminishes uncoupling protein 2 levels (P < 0.001). These results demonstrate that chronic oral melatonin reduces liver steatosis and mitochondria dysfunction in ZDF rats. Therefore, it may be beneficial in the treatment of diabesity.
Erect Penile Dimensions in a Cohort of 778 Middle Eastern Men: Establishment of a Nomogram
Authors: Habous Mohamad , Tealab Alaa , Williamson Ben , Binsaleh Saleh , El Dawy Sherif , Mahmoud Saad , Abdelwahab Osama , Nassar Mohammed , Mulhall John P. , Veale David , Muir Gordon 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Introduction
Accurate data regarding the size of the erect penis are of great importance to several disciplines working with male patients, but little high-quality research exists on the subject, particularly in different ethnic groups and for erect penis size.

Aim
The aim of this study was to create a nomogram of erect penile dimensions in a large sample of Middle Eastern men.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study of 778 men (mean age 43.7; range 20–82) attending urological outpatient clinics in Saudi Arabia was conducted. Exclusion criteria were age under 18 years, a presenting complaint of small or short penis, Peyronie's disease or complaint of congenital curvature, clinical hypogonadism, and previous penile surgery or trauma.

Main Outcome Measures
Three erect penile dimensions following induction of erection using intracavernosal injection of Quadrimix.

Results
Mean patient body mass index (BMI) was 29.09 (standard deviation [SD] 5.76). The mean suprapubic skin-to-penile tip erect length was 12.53 cm (SD 1.93); the mean erect length from the symphysis pubis to the penile tip was 14.34 cm (SD 1.86); and the mean erect shaft circumference was 11.50 cm (SD 1.74). A nomogram was constructed and statistical analysis performed, demonstrating a weak negative correlation between BMI and erect penile length measured from the suprapubic skin (r = −0.283, P &lt; 0.000) but not from bone to tip, and a weak negative correlation between age and both erect penile length measurements (skin to tip r = −0.177, P &lt; 0.0005; bone to tip r = −0.099, P = 0.006).

Conclusion
A nomogram for Middle Eastern men can be used as a standard when advising men with small penis anxiety. The importance of measuring erect size and allowing for infra-pubic fat interference in measurement is emphasized. We envisage that this tool can be used to educate and reassure concerned men about the size of their penises.
Comorbidity in Patients with Dhat Syndrome: A Nationwide Multicentric Study
Authors: Grover Sandeep , Avasthi Ajit , Gupta Sunil , Dan Amitava , Neogi Rajarshi , Behere Prakash B. , Lakdawala Bhavesh , Tripathi Adarsh , Chakraborty Kaustav , Sinha Vishal , Bhatia Manjeet Singh , Pattojoshi Amrit , Rao T.S.S. , Rozatkar Abhijit 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Introduction
There are limited numbers of studies on Dhat syndrome. Major limitations of the existing literature are heterogeneous assessment methods used to describe the comorbidity and small sample size from isolated centers.

Aim
To assess comorbidity with a common methodology in patients with Dhat syndrome from multiple centers across India.

Methods
Using a cross-sectional design, this multicentric study involved assessment of 780 male patients, aged more than 16 years, across 15 study centers.

Main Outcome Measures
ICD-10 criteria (for evaluation of psychiatric morbidity and sexual dysfunction)

Results
About one-third (32.8%) of the cases had no comorbidity. One-fifth (20.5%) of the patients had comorbid depressive disorders and another one-fifth (20.5%) had comorbid neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders. Half (51.3%) of the study sample had comorbid sexual dysfunction. When various combinations of comorbidities were evaluated, it was seen that more than one-fourth (28.7%) of the patients had only comorbid sexual dysfunction and one-sixth (15.9%) had only comorbid depressive/anxiety disorders. A little more than one-fifth (22.6%) had comorbidity of both sexual dysfunction and depressive/anxiety disorders.

Conclusion
Comorbid sexual dysfunction is seen in half of the cases of Dhat syndrome, and it is more common than comorbid depressive and anxiety disorders.
Effect of a Probiotic on Prevention of Diarrhea and Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens Shedding in Foals
Authors: Schoster A. , Staempfli H.R. , Abrahams M. , Jalali M. , Weese J.S. , Guardabassi L. 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundUp to 60% of foals develop diarrhea within 6 months after birth. Preventive measures are limited but potentially probiotics could be used.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of a newly designed probiotic on the incidence of foal diarrhea in a randomized field trial.AnimalsSeventy‐two healthy neonatal foals.MethodsRandomized, placebo‐controlled field trial. Foals were administered a placebo or probiotic for 3 weeks and monitored for an additional week. A total of 3 fecal samples were taken from each foal at biweekly intervals. Statistical modeling was applied for comparison of incidence and duration of diarrhea and fecal shedding of Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium difficile between treatment and age groups.ResultsThe overall incidence of diarrhea was 41 of 72 (59%) and did not differ (P = 0.37) between treatment groups. Foals treated with probiotics were more likely to develop diarrhea requiring veterinary intervention (P = 0.007). Age had a significant effect on incidence of diarrhea (P < 0.001); foals 8–15 days old having the highest probability of developing diarrhea. Duration of diarrhea and soft feces were not significantly different between groups. The prevalence of C. perfringens shedding was 55% with no difference between treatment groups (P = 0.23). The prevalence of C. difficile shedding was 11%.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceThere was no benefit of administering a 3‐week course of probiotics, but potential adverse effects were noted. Whether the probiotics lacked a clinical effect, or the choice of strains or dose was inadequate, is unknown. Clostridial shedding was not influenced by probiotics despite in vitro activity of probiotics.
Signalment, Clinical Presentation, Concurrent Diseases, and Diagnostic Findings in 28 Dogs with Dynamic Pharyngeal Collapse (2008–2013)
Authors: Rubin J.A. , Holt D.E. , Reetz J.A. , Clarke D.L. 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundMost information about pharyngeal collapse in dogs is anecdotal and extrapolated from human medicine. A single case report describing dynamic pharyngeal collapse in a cat has been published, but there is no literature describing this disease process in dogs.ObjectiveTo describe the signalment, clinical presentation, concurrent disease processes, and imaging findings of a population of client‐owned dogs with pharyngeal collapse.AnimalsTwenty‐eight client‐owned dogs with pharyngeal collapse.MethodsRadiology reports of dogs for which fluoroscopy of the respiratory system was performed were reviewed retrospectively. Patients with a fluoroscopic diagnosis of pharyngeal collapse were included in the study population. Data regarding clinical signs, diagnostic, and pathologic findings were evaluated.ResultsTwenty‐eight dogs met the inclusion criteria. The median age of affected patients was 6.6 years, whereas median body condition score was 7/9. The most common clinical signs were coughing (n = 20) and stertor (n = 5). In 27 of 28 cases, a concurrent or previously diagnosed cardiopulmonary disorder was detected. The most common concurrent disease processes were mainstem bronchi collapse (n = 18), tracheal collapse (n = 17), and brachycephalic airway syndrome (n = 8). Fluoroscopy identified complete pharyngeal collapse in 20 of 28 dogs.ConclusionsPharyngeal collapse is a complex disease process that likely is secondary to long‐term negative pressure gradients and anatomic and functional abnormalities. Based on the findings of this study, pharyngeal fluoroscopy may be useful diagnostic test in patients with suspected tracheal and mainstem bronchial collapse to identify concurrent pharyngeal collapse.
Skeletal Muscle Vascular Function: A Counterbalance of Insulin Action
Authors: Mahmoud Abeer M. , Brown Michael D. , Phillips Shane A. , Haus Jacob M. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractInsulin is a vasoactive hormone that regulates vascular homeostasis by maintaining balance of endothelial‐derived NO and ET‐1. Although there is general agreement that insulin resistance and the associated hyperinsulinemia disturb this balance, the vascular consequences for hyperinsulinemia in isolation from insulin resistance are still unclear. Presently, there is no simple answer for this question, especially in a background of mixed reports examining the effects of experimental hyperinsulinemia on endothelial‐mediated vasodilation. Understanding the mechanisms by which hyperinsulinemia induces vascular dysfunction is essential in advancing treatment and prevention of insulin resistance‐related vascular complications. Thus, we review literature addressing the effects of hyperinsulinemia on vascular function. Furthermore, we give special attention to the vasoregulatory effects of hyperinsulinemia on skeletal muscle, the largest insulin‐dependent organ in the body. This review also characterizes the differential vascular effects of hyperinsulinemia on large conduit vessels versus small resistance microvessels and the effects of metabolic variables in an effort to unravel potential sources of discrepancies in the literature. At the cellular level, we provide an overview of insulin signaling events governing vascular tone. Finally, we hypothesize a role for hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in the development of CVD.
Fundamental Properties and the Laws of Nature
Authors: Demarest Heather 
Published: April 2015

AbstractFundamental properties and the laws of nature go hand in hand: mass and gravitation, charge and electromagnetism, spin and quantum mechanics. So, it is unsurprising that one's account of fundamental properties affects one's view of the laws of nature and vice versa. In this essay, I will survey a variety of recent attempts to provide a joint account of the fundamental properties and the laws of nature. Many of these accounts are new and unexplored. Some of them posit surprising entities, such as counterfacts. Other accounts posit surprising laws of nature, such as instantaneous laws that constrain the initial configuration of particles. These exciting developments challenge our assumptions about our basic ontology and provide fertile ground for further exploration.
Houses on Wheels: National Attachment, Belonging, and Cosmopolitanism in Narratives of Transnational Professionals
Authors: Erkmen T. Deniz 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis article contributes to discussions on the relationship between national attachments and cosmopolitanization by unpacking the meanings of national attachments and post‐national identifications in the case of transnational professionals, focusing on narratives of professionals embedded in transnational business networks in two locations; Istanbul and New York City. Using in‐depth interviews, the article argues that in the case of transnational professionals one can talk about ‘rooted’ cosmopolitanism in two senses: first, underlining the continuing role of national attachments as roots; and second, pointing to a process in which the post‐national identity is derived from specific experiences in multiple locations, grounding the respondents in their fluid lives. It is through mobility that the respondents develop a sense of belonging – not in spite of it.
The O‐methyltransferase gene MdoOMT1 is required for biosynthesis of methylated phenylpropenes in ripe apple fruit
Authors: Yauk Yar‐Khing , Chagné David , Tomes Sumathi , Matich Adam J. , Wang Mindy Y. , Chen Xiuyin , Maddumage Ratnasiri , Hunt Martin B. , Rowan Daryl D. , Atkinson Ross G. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryPhenylpropenes, such as eugenol and trans‐anethole, are important aromatic compounds that determine flavour and aroma in many herbs and spices. Some apple varieties produce fruit with a highly desirable spicy/aromatic flavour that has been attributed to the production of estragole, a methylated phenylpropene. To elucidate the molecular basis for estragole production and its contribution to ripe apple flavour and aroma we characterised a segregating population from a Royal Gala (RG, estragole producer) × Granny Smith (GS, non‐producer) apple cross. Two quantitative trait loci (QTLs; accounting for 9.2 and 24.8% of the variation) on linkage group (LG) 1 and LG2 were identified that co‐located with seven candidate genes for phenylpropene O‐methyltransferases (MdoOMT1–7). Of these genes, only expression of MdoOMT1 on LG1 increased strongly with ethylene and could be correlated with increasing estragole production in ripening RG fruit. Transient over‐expression in tobacco showed that MdoOMT1 utilised a range of phenylpropene substrates and catalysed the conversion of chavicol to estragole. Royal Gala carried two alleles (MdoOMT1a, MdoOMT1b) whilst GS appeared to be homozygous for MdoOMT1b. MdoOMT1a showed a higher affinity and catalytic efficiency towards chavicol than MdoOMT1b, which could account for the phenotypic variation at the LG1 QTL. Multiple transgenic RG lines with reduced MdoOMT1 expression produced lower levels of methylated phenylpropenes, including estragole and methyleugenol. Differences in fruit aroma could be perceived in these fruit, compared with controls, by sensory analysis. Together these results indicate that MdoOMT1 is required for the production of methylated phenylpropenes in apple and that phenylpropenes including estragole may contribute to ripe apple fruit aroma.