bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Queer Chicano Families: The Importance of Converging Literature on Queer Families, Chicano Families, and Chicano Queers
Authors: Loughrin Sandra Marie 
Published: March 2015

AbstractDespite growing literature on Latino families and Latino queer identities, there has been relatively little empirical research on Latino same‐sex families. Likewise, emerging empirical research on gay and lesbian couples tends to focus on the experiences of middle‐class, well‐educated, White couples. I argue that combining theoretical and empirical works on sexuality, Chicano studies, and queer studies can assuage this lack of diversity in each body of literature. This work first examines current literature on Latino families, with a focus on Latino familism. This is followed by a brief examination of current literature on queer Chicanos. Lastly, it will discuss queer families and the lack of current literature on Latino same‐sex couples, in order to present a course of action for further research on the intersectional social location of queer Chicano families.
Street Harassment: Current and Promising Avenues for Researchers and Activists
Authors: Logan Laura S. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractResearch about street harassment indicates that the problem is far reaching in its effects and that most women and girls experience sexual harassment from men they do not know in public spaces. In recent years, an increasing number of activists, bloggers, and online media outlets have published pieces about street harassment, reflecting a growing and international anti‐street harassment social movement. In this article, I discuss what scholars and activists tell us about street harassment, including prevalence, victims, harassers, responses and consequences, and theoretical explanations. I conclude with suggestions for further research, a call for more attention to the influence of overlapping inequalities, and an appeal to researchers to further explore this serious social problem.
Evaluation of the Bruker Biotyper Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry System for Identification of Blood Isolates of Vibrio Species
Authors: Cheng Wern-Cherng , Jan I-Shiow , Chen Jong-Min , Teng Shih-Hua , Teng Lee-Jene , Sheng Wang-Huei , Ko Wen-Chien , Hsueh Po-Ren 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT

Among 56 blood isolates of
Vibrio
species identified by sequencing analysis of 16S rRNA and
rpoB
genes, the Bruker Biotyper matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) system correctly identified all isolates of
Vibrio vulnificus
(
n
= 20),
V. parahaemolyticus
(
n
= 2), and
V. fluvialis
(
n
= 1) but none of the isolates of serogroup non-O1/O139 (non-serogroup O1, non-O139)
V. cholerae
(
n
= 33) to the species level. All of these serogroup non-O1/O139
V. cholerae
isolates were correctly identified using the newly created MALDI-TOF MS database.
Isolation of Bordetella bronchiseptica from Blood and a Pancreatic Abscess
Authors: Matic Nancy A. , Bunce Paul E. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT

Bordetella bronchiseptica
is a respiratory pathogen rarely encountered in human hosts. We describe a case of bacteremia and pancreatic abscess caused by this organism. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of
B. bronchiseptica
causing intra-abdominal infection in the form of an abscess.
Changes in Susceptibility to Oncolytic Vesicular Stomatitis Virus during Progression of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Yu Nanmeng , Puckett Shelby , Antinozzi Peter A. , Cramer Scott D. , Lyles Douglas S. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT

A major challenge to oncolytic virus therapy is that individual cancers vary in their sensitivity to oncolytic viruses, even when these cancers arise from the same tissue type. Variability in response may arise due to differences in the initial genetic lesions leading to cancer development. Alternatively, susceptibility to viral oncolysis may change during cancer progression. These hypotheses were tested using cells from a transgenic mouse model of prostate cancer infected with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). Primary cultures from murine cancers derived from prostate-specific
Pten
deletion contained a mixture of cells that were susceptible and resistant to VSV. Castration-resistant cancers contained a higher percentage of susceptible cells than cancers from noncastrated mice. These results indicate both susceptible and resistant cells can evolve within the same tumor. The role of
Pten
deletion was further investigated using clonal populations of murine prostate epithelial (MPE) progenitor cells and tumor-derived
Pten
−/−
cells. Deletion of
Pten
in MPE progenitor cells using a lentivirus vector resulted in cells that responded poorly to interferon and were susceptible to VSV infection. In contrast, tumor-derived
Pten
−/−
cells expressed higher levels of the antiviral transcription factor STAT1, activated STAT1 in response to VSV, and were resistant to VSV infection. These results suggest that early in tumor development following
Pten
deletion, cells are primarily sensitive to VSV, but subsequent evolution in tumors leads to development of cells that are resistant to VSV infection. Further evolution in castration-resistant tumors leads to tumors in which cells are primarily sensitive to VSV.

IMPORTANCE
There has been a great deal of progress in the development of replication-competent viruses that kill cancer cells (oncolytic viruses). However, a major problem is that individual cancers vary in their sensitivity to oncolytic viruses, even when these cancers arise from the same tissue type. The experiments presented here were to determine whether both sensitive and resistant cells are present in prostate cancers originating from a single genetic lesion in transgenic mice, prostate-specific deletion of the gene for the tumor suppressor Pten. The results indicate that murine prostate cancers are composed of both cells that are sensitive and cells that are resistant to oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). Furthermore, androgen deprivation led to castration-resistant prostate cancers that were composed primarily of cells that were sensitive to VSV. These results are encouraging for the use of VSV for the treatment of prostate cancers that are resistant to androgen deprivation therapy.
Exosomal Communication Goes Viral
Authors: Meckes David G. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT
Exosomes are small vesicles secreted from cells that participate in intercellular communication events. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that host exosome pathways are hijacked by viruses and that virally modified exosomes contribute to virus spread and immune evasion. In the case of tumor viruses, recent findings suggest that alterations in normal exosome biology may promote the development and progression of cancer. These studies will be discussed in the context of our current knowledge of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-modified exosomes.
Neuraminidase Mutations Conferring Resistance to Oseltamivir in Influenza A(H7N9) Viruses
Authors: Marjuki Henju , Mishin Vasiliy P. , Chesnokov Anton P. , De La Cruz Juan A. , Davis Charles T. , Villanueva Julie M. , Fry Alicia M. , Gubareva Larisa V. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTHuman infections by avian influenza A(H7N9) virus entail substantial morbidity and mortality. Treatment of infected patients with the neuraminidase (NA) inhibitor oseltamivir was associated with emergence of viruses carrying NA substitutions. In the NA inhibition (NI) assay, R292K conferred highly reduced inhibition by oseltamivir, while E119V and I222K each caused reduced inhibition. To facilitate establishment of laboratory correlates of clinically relevant resistance, experiments were conducted in ferrets infected with virus carrying wild-type or variant NA genes recovered from the A/Taiwan/1/2013 isolate. Oseltamivir treatment (5 or 25 mg/kg of body weight/dose) was given 4 h postinfection, followed by twice-daily treatment for 5 days. Treatment of ferrets infected with wild-type virus resulted in a modest dose-dependent reduction (0.7 to 1.5 log1050% tissue culture infectious dose [TCID50]) in nasal wash viral titers and inflammation response. Conversely, treatment failed to significantly inhibit the replication of R292K or E119V virus. A small reduction of viral titers was detected on day 5 in ferrets infected with the I222K virus. The propensity for oseltamivir resistance emergence was assessed in oseltamivir-treated animals infected with wild-type virus; emergence of R292K virus was detected in 3 of 6 ferrets within 5 to 7 days postinfection. Collectively, we demonstrate that R292K, E119V, and I222K reduced the inhibitory activity of oseltamivir, not only in the NI assay, but also in infected ferrets, judged particularly by viral loads in nasal washes, and may signal the need for alternative therapeutics. Thus, these clinical outcomes measured in the ferret model may correlate with clinically relevant oseltamivir resistance in humans.IMPORTANCEThis report provides more evidence for using the ferret model to assess the susceptibility of influenza A(H7N9) viruses to oseltamivir, the most prescribed anti-influenza virus drug. The information gained can be used to assist in the establishment of laboratory correlates of human disease and drug therapy. The rapid emergence of viruses with R292K in treated ferrets correlates well with the multiple reports on this NA variant in treated human patients. Our findings highlight the importance of the discovery and characterization of new antiviral drugs with different mechanisms of action and the use of combination treatment strategies against emerging viruses with pandemic potential, such as avian H7N9 virus, particularly against those carrying drug resistance markers.
Peptide-Dependent Recognition of HLA-B*57:01 by KIR3DS1
Authors: O'Connor Geraldine M. , Vivian Julian P. , Gostick Emma , Pymm Phillip , Lafont Bernard A. P. , Price David A. , Rossjohn Jamie , Brooks Andrew G. , McVicar Daniel W. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTKiller cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) play an important role in the activation of natural killer (NK) cells, which in turn contribute to the effective immune control of many viral infections. In the context of HIV infection, the closely related KIR3DL1 and KIR3DS1 molecules, in particular, have been associated with disease outcome. Inhibitory signals via KIR3DL1 are disrupted by downregulation of HLA class I ligands on the infected cell surface and can also be impacted by changes in the presented peptide repertoire. In contrast, the activatory ligands for KIR3DS1 remain obscure. We used a structure-driven approach to define the characteristics of HLA class I-restricted peptides that interact with KIR3DL1 and KIR3DS1. In the case of HLA-B*57:01, we used this knowledge to identify bona fide HIV-derived peptide epitopes with similar properties. Two such peptides facilitated productive interactions between HLA-B*57:01 and KIR3DS1. These data reveal the presence of KIR3DS1 ligands within the HIV-specific peptide repertoire presented by a protective HLA class I allotype, thereby enhancing our mechanistic understanding of the processes that enable NK cells to impact disease outcome.IMPORTANCENatural killer (NK) cells are implicated as determinants of immune control in many viral infections, but the precise molecular mechanisms that initiate and control these responses are unclear. The activating receptor KIR3DS1 in combination with HLA-Bw4 has been associated with better outcomes in HIV infection. However, evidence of a direct interaction between these molecules is lacking. In this study, we demonstrate that KIR3DS1 recognition of HLA-Bw4 is peptide dependent. We also identify HIV-derived peptide epitopes presented by the protective HLA-B*57:01 allotype that facilitate productive interactions with KIR3DS1. Collectively, these findings suggest a mechanism whereby changes in the peptide repertoire associated with viral infection provide a trigger for KIR3DS1 engagement and NK cell activation.
Functional Properties and Genetic Relatedness of the Fusion and Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase Proteins of a Mumps Virus-Like Bat Virus
Authors: Krüger Nadine , Hoffmann Markus , Drexler Jan Felix , Müller Marcel Alexander , Corman Victor Max , Sauder Christian , Rubin Steven , He Biao , Örvell Claes , Drosten Christian , Herrler Georg 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTA bat virus with high phylogenetic relatedness to human mumps virus (MuV) was identified recently at the nucleic acid level. We analyzed the functional activities of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and the fusion (F) proteins of the bat virus (batMuV) and compared them to the respective proteins of a human isolate. Transfected cells expressing the F and HN proteins of batMuV were recognized by antibodies directed against these proteins of human MuV, indicating that both viruses are serologically related. Fusion, hemadsorption, and neuraminidase activities were demonstrated for batMuV, and either bat-derived protein could substitute for its human MuV counterpart in inducing syncytium formation when coexpressed in different mammalian cell lines, including chiropteran cells. Cells expressing batMuV glycoproteins were shown to have lower neuraminidase activity. The syncytia were smaller, and they were present in lower numbers than those observed after coexpression of the corresponding glycoproteins of a clinical isolate of MuV (hMuV). The phenotypic differences in the neuraminidase and fusion activity between the glycoproteins of batMuV and hMuV are explained by differences in the expression level of the HN and F proteins of the two viruses. In the case of the F protein, analysis of chimeric proteins revealed that the signal peptide of the bat MuV fusion protein is responsible for the lower surface expression. These results indicate that the surface glycoproteins of batMuV are serologically and functionally related to those of hMuV, raising the possibility of bats as a reservoir for interspecies transmission.IMPORTANCEThe recently described MuV-like bat virus is unique among other recently identified human-like bat-associated viruses because of its high sequence homology (approximately 90% in most genes) to its human counterpart. Although it is not known if humans can be infected by batMuV, the antigenic relatedness between the bat and human forms of the virus suggests that humans carrying neutralizing antibodies against MuV are protected from infection by batMuV. The close functional relationship between MuV and batMuV is demonstrated by cooperation of the respective HN and F proteins to induce syncytium formation in heterologous expression studies. An interesting feature of the glycoproteins of batMuV is the downregulation of the fusion activity by the signal peptide of F, which has not been reported for other paramyxoviruses. These results are important contributions for risk assessment and for a better understanding of the replication strategy of batMuV.
A population-based observational study on the factors associated with the completion of palliative chemotherapy among patients with oesophagogastric cancer
Authors: Groene Oliver , Crosby Tom , Hardwick Richard Henry , Riley Stuart , Greenaway Kimberley , Cromwell David 
Published: March 2015

ObjectivesPalliative chemotherapy is routinely given to patients diagnosed with locally advanced or metastatic oesophagogastric (O-G) cancer. We examine which patients with O-G cancer in England receive palliative chemotherapy, and identify factors associated with treatment completion.DesignA prospective population-based observational study.SettingAll English National Health Service (NHS) trusts diagnosing patients with O-G cancer.ParticipantsData were prospectively collected on patients diagnosed with invasive epithelial cancer of the oesophagus or stomach between 1 October 2007 and 30 June 2009 in English NHS hospitals, and those who had palliative treatment intent.Outcome measureWe calculated the proportion of patients with different characteristics (eg, age, sex, stage at diagnosis, performance status) starting palliative chemotherapy. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify characteristics associated with non-completion of chemotherapy.ResultsThere were 9768 patients in the study whose treatment intent was palliative. Among these, 2313 (24%) received palliative chemotherapy. It was received by 51% of patients aged under 55 years but only 9% of patients aged 75 years or over. Overall, 917 patients (53%) completed their treatment among the 1741 patients for whom information on treatment completion was recorded. Treatment completion ranged from 50–60% for patients with good performance status but was under 35% for patients aged 55 years or older with poor performance status. Treatment completion was not associated with site of cancer, pretreatment stage, sex, comorbidities or histology.ConclusionsCompletion rates of palliative chemotherapy in patients with O-G cancer are low and elderly patients with poor performance status are very unlikely to complete a palliative chemotherapy treatment. Clinicians and patients should consider this information when balancing potential (survival) benefits, toxicity of treatment and its effect on quality of life.
Phosphorylation of Cardiac Myosin-Binding Protein-C Is a Critical Mediator of Diastolic Function
Authors: Rosas Paola C. , Liu Yang , Abdalla Mohamed I. , Thomas Candice M. , Kidwell David T. , Dusio Giuseppina F. , Mukhopadhyay Dhriti , Kumar Rajesh , Baker Kenneth M. , Mitchell Brett M. , Powers Patricia A. , Fitzsimons Daniel P. , Patel Bindiya G. , Warren Chad M. , Solaro R. John , Moss Richard L. , Tong Carl W. 
Published: March 2015

Background—
Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) accounts for ≈50% of all cases of HF and currently has no effective treatment. Diastolic dysfunction underlies HFpEF; therefore, elucidation of the mechanisms that mediate relaxation can provide new potential targets for treatment. Cardiac myosin-binding protein-C (cMyBP-C) is a thick filament protein that modulates cross-bridge cycling rates via alterations in its phosphorylation status. Thus, we hypothesize that phosphorylated cMyBP-C accelerates the rate of cross-bridge detachment, thereby enhancing relaxation to mediate diastolic function.

Methods and Results—

We compared mouse models expressing phosphorylation-deficient cMyBP-C(S273A/S282A/S302A)–cMyBP-C(t3SA), phosphomimetic cMyBP-C(S273D/S282D/S302D)–cMyBP-C(t3SD), and wild-type-control cMyBP-C(tWT) to elucidate the functional effects of cMyBP-C phosphorylation. Decreased voluntary running distances, increased lung/body weight ratios, and increased brain natriuretic peptide levels in cMyBP-C(t3SA) mice demonstrate that phosphorylation deficiency is associated with signs of HF. Echocardiography (ejection fraction and myocardial relaxation velocity) and pressure/volume measurements (−d
P
/d
t
min
, pressure decay time constant
τ
-Glantz, and passive filling stiffness) show that cMyBP-C phosphorylation enhances myocardial relaxation in cMyBP-C(t3SD) mice, whereas deficient cMyBP-C phosphorylation causes diastolic dysfunction with HFpEF in cMyBP-C(t3SA) mice. Simultaneous force and [Ca
2+
]
i
measurements on intact papillary muscles show that enhancement of relaxation in cMyBP-C(t3SD) mice and impairment of relaxation in cMyBP-C(t3SA) mice are not because of altered [Ca
2+
]
i
handling, implicating that altered cross-bridge detachment rates mediate these changes in relaxation rates.

Conclusions—
cMyBP-C phosphorylation enhances relaxation, whereas deficient phosphorylation causes diastolic dysfunction and phenotypes resembling HFpEF. Thus, cMyBP-C is a potential target for treatment of HFpEF.
Office-Based Balloon Sinus Dilation
Authors: Sikand Ashley , Silvers Stacey L. , Pasha Raza , Shikani Alan , Karanfilov Boris I. , Harfe Dan T. , Sillers Michael J. ,   for the ORIOS 2 Study Investigators
Published: March 2015

Objective: Balloon sinus dilation (BSD) instruments afford the opportunity for office-based sinus procedures in properly selected patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). This study evaluated patient-reported outcomes 1 year after office-based BSD. Methods: Adult patients with medically refractory CRS were prospectively enrolled into a multicenter, single-arm study and treated with office-based BSD under local anesthesia. Follow-up on 203 patients was conducted at 2, 8, and 24 weeks postsurgery using validated outcome measures for quality of life (SNOT-20) and computed tomography imaging (Lund-Mackay score). After 24 weeks, patients were re-enrolled for 1-year follow-up to evaluate changes in SNOT-20 scores and revisions. Results: All patients who re-enrolled (n = 122) completed the study, with an average follow-up of 1.4 years. Neither preoperative SNOT-20 nor Lund-Mackay CT scores were predictive of re-enrollment and return for follow-up. Compared to baseline, improvements in SNOT-20 scores remained statistically significant ( P < .001) and clinically meaningful (mean decrease ≥ 0.8). In patients followed to 1.4 years, 9 of 122 (7.4%) had revision surgery. Conclusion: Following office-based BSD, significant improvements in quality of life observed at 24 weeks were maintained 1 year postsurgery. These extended results provide further evidence of office-based BSD as an effective, minimally invasive procedure for appropriately selected patients with CRS.
The Anatomic Distribution of Malignant and Premalignant Glottic Lesions and Its Relations to Smoking
Authors: Shoffel‐Havakuk Hagit , Halperin Doron , Yosef Liron , Haimovich Yaara , Lahav Yonatan 
Published: March 2015

ObjectiveTo describe the anatomic location and distribution of glottic dysplasia and early glottic cancer.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTertiary care referral center.Subjects and MethodsReview of 167 glottic dysplasia or carcinoma patients between 2008 and 2013. Lesions were described in terms of location and size, and a novel grid system was used to map out anatomic distribution.ResultsSeventy‐eight patients with dysplasia and 89 with early glottic carcinoma were included. One hundred twenty‐eight were smokers and 39 nonsmokers. The medial aspect of the vocal fold was more involved than the superior aspect, 95% versus 71%, respectively (P <. 001). The superior aspect was more involved in smokers, 77% versus 51% in nonsmokers (P =. 0016). Using a grid system, the most involved area was the midpoint of the membranous vocal fold at the transition between the superior and medial aspects. Ninety‐seven percent of the lesions occupied this specific area, with no difference between smokers and nonsmokers. The vocal process mucosa was involved in 48 patients. Exclusive vocal process involvement was limited to 2 cases. All other 46 patients demonstrated extensive disease, encompassing more than half of the vocal fold’s length. Carcinomatous lesions tended to be larger relative to dysplastic lesions. Otherwise, all lesion types showed a similar pattern of distribution.ConclusionsPremalignant and malignant glottic lesions tend to involve the medial aspect of the vocal fold and the midpoint of the membranous part in particular. In smokers, lesions tend to be larger on presentation and are more likely to involve the superior aspect.