bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of social media in urology: data from the American Urological Association (AUA)
Authors: Loeb Stacy , Bayne Christopher E. , Frey Christine , Davies Benjamin J. , Averch Timothy D. , Woo Henry H. , Stork Brian , Cooperberg Matthew R. , Eggener Scott E. ,   American Urological Association Social Media Work Group
Published: November 2013

ObjectiveTo characterise the use of social media among members of the American Urological Association (AUA), as the use of social media in medicine has greatly expanded in recent years.Subjects and MethodsIn December 2012 to January 2013, the AUA e‐mailed a survey with 34 questions on social media use to 2000 randomly selected urologists and 2047 resident/fellow members. Additional data was collected from Symplur analytics on social media use surrounding the AUA Annual Meeting in May 2013.ResultsIn all, 382 (9.4%) surveys were completed, indicating 74% of responders had an online social media account. The most commonly used social media platforms were Facebook (93%), followed in descending order by LinkedIn (46%), Twitter (36%) and Google+ (26%). Being aged <40 years was an important predictor of social media use (83% vs 56%), with greater uptake among residents/fellows compared with attendings (86% vs 66%). Only 28% of respondents used social media partly or entirely for professional purposes. During the 2013 AUA Annual Meeting, there were >5000 tweets from >600 distinct contributors.ConclusionAs of early 2013, among respondents to an e‐mail survey, most urologists and urology trainees used some form of social media, and its use in urology conferences has greatly expanded.
‘I never thought I would have to do this’: narrative study with siblings‐in‐law who live together with a family member with a disability
Authors: Vanhoutteghem Inge , Van Hove Geert , D'haene Geert , Soyez Veerle 
Published: November 2013

Accessible summary

In Belgium some adults with learning difficulties live with their siblings and siblings‐in‐law.

The authors of this article listened to siblings‐in‐law, trying to understand how they felt about this living together.

This article seems to be important for those persons with learning disabilities who give a lot about their sisters and brothers.

SummaryThere is a lack of international research focusing on how the siblings‐in‐law of adults with a learning disability experience their commitment to provide support. Using narrative research, the authors have aimed to gain an insight into the perspectives of 14 siblings‐in‐law (living in the Flemish part of Belgium) about the decision to live together with a family member who has a learning disability. The decision to live together usually begins with a crisis. However, the decision process is a complex mechanism; it involves dynamics and events within a family (between family members both with and without blood relationships) and is intensified by experiences within a society that holds different views about families and disability. We are aided in gaining a deeper understanding of this complex process by considering interpretations based on the contextual framework of Boszormenyi‐Nagy.
Connexin pathology in acute multiple sclerosis,Baló's disease and neuromyelitis optica
Authors: Masaki Katsuhisa 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica (NMO) andBaló's disease (BD) are inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). We previously reported aquaporin‐4 (AQP4) loss without perivascular deposition of complement or immunoglobulin in demyelinating diseases, suggesting that astrocytic damage could be a common denominator in heterogeneous demyelinating conditions. To investigate the relationship between astrocytopathy and demyelination, we focused on connexins (Cxs), which form gap junction channels between astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, and maintain myelination and homeostasis in theCNS. We pathologically evaluated the expression of astrocyticCx43/Cx30 and oligodendrocyticCx47/Cx32 in autopsied tissue samples fromMS,NMOandBDpatients. In allBDsamples, astrocyticCx43 and oligodendrocyticCx32/Cx47 expression was diminished in both demyelinated and preserved myelin layers. In the leading edge ofBDlesions,Cx43 andAQP4 loss precededCx32/Cx47 loss. Half of theNMOandMSsamples showed preferential loss of astrocyticCx43 in actively demyelinating and chronic active lesions, where heterotypicCx43/Cx47 astrocyte‐oligodendrocyte gap junctions were lost. Cases withCx43 loss were significantly associated with rapid disease progression (death within 2 years after onset), regardless of the disease phenotype. Pathologically,Cx43 loss was frequently accompanied by distal oligodendrogliopathy. These findings suggest thatCx43 astrocytopathy can occur inMS,BDandNMO. Furthermore, astrocyticCx43 loss might be associated with disease aggressiveness and distal oligodendrogliopathy, not only inBD,but alsoMSandNMO. Early disruption of astrocytic foot processes could precede demyelination and contribute to the pathogenesis of demyelinating disorders.
Ontology‐based model for Chinese Calligraphy Synthesis
Authors: Xia Yang , Wu Jiangqin , Gao Pengcheng , Lin Yuan , Mao Tianjiao 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThere are lots of digitized Chinese calligraphic works written by ancient calligraphists in CADAL. Sometimes users want to generate a tablet or a piece of calligraphic work written by these calligraphists. However, some characters had not been written by them or though were ever written but are hard to read because of long time weathering. Furthermore, different works of the same calligraphist may have diverse styles. It is a great challenge to generate a new calligraphic character with particular style. In this paper, we present a novel approach to synthesize regular script calligraphic characters in the style of some specific calligraphic works. Our approach first processes original calligraphic resources by multi‐level segmentation. Then, a domain ontology is established to supervise basic resources and to provide significant support for calligraphy synthesis. Finally, a novel algorithm is proposed to synthesize new calligraphic characters. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method by showing various synthesized results in the style of different calligraphic works of Liu Gongquan.
Interactive Learning for Point‐Cloud Motion Segmentation
Authors: Sofer Yerry , Hassner Tal , Sharf Andrei 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSegmenting a moving foreground (fg) from its background (bg) is a fundamental step in many Machine Vision and Computer Graphics applications. Nevertheless, hardly any attempts have been made to tackle this problem in dynamic 3D scanned scenes. Scanned dynamic scenes are typically challenging due to noise and large missing parts. Here, we present a novel approach for motion segmentation in dynamic point‐cloud scenes designed to cater to the unique properties of such data. Our key idea is to augment fg/bg classification with an active learning framework by refining the segmentation process in an adaptive manner.Our method initially classifies the scene points as either fg or bg in an un‐supervised manner. This, by training discriminative RBF‐SVM classifiers on automatically labeled, high‐certainty fg/bg points. Next, we adaptively detect unreliable classification regions (i.e. where fg/bg separation is uncertain), locally add more training examples to better capture the motion in these areas, and re‐train the classifiers to fine‐tune the segmentation. This not only improves segmentation accuracy, but also allows our method to perform in a coarse‐to‐fine manner, thereby efficiently process high‐density point‐clouds. Additionally, we present a unique interactive paradigm for enhancing this learning process, by using a manual editing tool. The user explicitly edits the RBF‐SVM decision borders in unreliable regions in order to refine and correct the classification. We provide extensive qualitative and quantitative experiments on both real (scanned) and synthetic dynamic scenes.
Stroke‐guided Image Synthesis for Skeletal Structure Editing
Authors: Luo Sheng‐Jie , Lin Chin‐Yu , Shen I‐Chao , Chen Bing‐Yu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractCreating variations of an image object is an important task, which usually requires manipulating the skeletal structure of the object. However, most existing methods (such as image deformation) only allow for stretching the skeletal structure of an object: modifying skeletal topology remains a challenge. This paper presents a technique for synthesizing image objects with different skeletal structures while respecting to an input image object. To apply this technique, a user firstly annotates the skeletal structure of the input object by specifying a number of strokes in the input image, and draws corresponding strokes in an output domain to generate new skeletal structures. Then, a number of the example texture pieces are sampled along the strokes in the input image and pasted along the strokes in the output domain with their orientations. The result is obtained by optimizing the texture sampling and seam computation. The proposed method is successfully used to synthesize challenging skeletal structures, such as skeletal branches, and a wide range of image objects with various skeletal structures, to demonstrate its effectiveness.
Garment Modeling from a Single Image
Authors: Zhou Bin , Chen Xiaowu , Fu Qiang , Guo Kan , Tan Ping 
Published: November 2013

AbstractModeling of realistic garments is essential for online shopping and many other applications including virtual characters. Most of existing methods either require a multi‐camera capture setup or a restricted mannequin pose. We address the garment modeling problem according to a single input image. We design an all‐pose garment outline interpretation, and a shading‐based detail modeling algorithm. Our method first estimates the mannequin pose and body shape from the input image. It further interprets the garment outline with an oriented facet decided according to the mannequin pose to generate the initial 3D garment model. Shape details such as folds and wrinkles are modeled by shape‐from‐shading techniques, to improve the realism of the garment model. Our method achieves similar result quality as prior methods from just a single image, significantly improving the flexibility of garment modeling.
Multiplane Video Stabilization
Authors: Wang Zhong‐Qiang , Zhang Lei , Huang Hua 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis paper presents a novel video stabilization approach by leveraging the multiple planes structure of video scene to stabilize inter‐frame motion. As opposed to previous stabilization procedure operating in a single plane, our approach primarily deals with multiplane videos and builds their multiple planes structure for performing stabilization in respective planes. Hence, a robust plane detection scheme is devised to detect multiple planes by classifying feature trajectories according to reprojection errors generated by plane induced homographies. Then, an improved planar stabilization technique is applied by conforming to the compensated homography in each plane. Finally, multiple stabilized planes are coherently fused by content‐preserving image warps to obtain the output stabilized frames. Our approach does not need any stereo reconstruction, yet is able to produce commendable results due to awareness of multiple planes structure in the stabilization. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our approach to robust stabilization on multiplane videos.
Adaptive Ray‐bundle Tracing with Memory Usage Prediction: Efficient Global Illumination in Large Scenes
Authors: Tokuyoshi Yusuke , Sekine Takashi , da Silva Tiago , Kanai Takashi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis paper proposes an adaptive rendering technique for ray‐bundle tracing. Ray‐bundle tracing can be done by per‐pixel linked‐list construction on a GPU rasterization pipeline. This rasterization based approach offers significant benefits for the efficient generation of light maps (e.g., hardware acceleration, tessellation, and recycling of shaders used in real‐time graphics). However, it is inapplicable to large and complex scenes due to the limited capacity of the GPU memory because it requires a high‐resolution frame buffer and high‐capacity node buffer for the linked‐lists. In addition, memory overflow can potentially occur on the per‐pixel linked‐list since the memory usage of the lists is usually unknown before the rendering process. We introduce an adaptive tiling technique with memory usage prediction. Our method uses an appropriately tiled frame buffer, thus eliminating almost all of the overflow risks thanks to our adaptive tile subdivision scheme. Using this technique, we are able to render high‐quality light maps of large and complex scenes which cannot be computed using previous ray‐bundle based methods.
Improving Memory Space Efficiency of Kd‐tree for Real‐time Ray Tracing
Authors: Choi B. , Chang B. , Ihm I. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractCompared with its competitors such as the bounding volume hierarchy, a drawback of the kd‐tree structure is that a large number of triangles are repeatedly duplicated during its construction, which often leads to inefficient, large and tall binary trees with high triangle redundancy. In this paper, we propose a space‐efficient kd‐tree representation where, unlike commonly used methods, an inner node is allowed to optionally store a reference to a triangle, so highly redundant triangles in a kd‐tree can be culled from the leaf nodes and moved to the inner nodes. To avoid the construction of ineffective kd‐trees entailing computational inefficiencies due to early, possibly unnecessary, ray‐triangle intersection calculations that now have to be performed in the inner nodes during the kd‐tree traversal, we present heuristic measures for determining when and how to choose triangles for inner nodes during kd‐tree construction. Based on these metrics, we describe how the new form of kd‐tree is constructed and stored compactly using a carefully designed data layout. Our experiments with several example scenes showed that our kd‐tree representation technique significantly reduced the memory requirements for storing the kd‐tree structure, while effectively suppressing the unavoidable frame‐rate degradation observed during ray tracing.
Automated Functional Imaging for Assessment of Left Ventricular Mechanics in the Presence of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
Authors: López‐Candales Angel 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundIncreased left ventricular (LV) mass is a well‐known independent predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Even though these patients have an increased risk of LV diastolic dysfunction; recent data have suggested the presence of subtle LV systolic abnormalities. This study sought to demonstrate if a novel speckle tracking automated functional imaging (AFI) tool would be useful in identifying differences in strain generation between patients with normal and increased LV wall mass.MethodsStandard measures of LV systolic and diastolic function were collected from 90 patients divided into Group I with LV mass index <100 g/m2 and Group II with LV mass index values ≥100 g/m2. AFI was also obtained to measure peak global LV myocardial strain.ResultsAs expected, patients with an increased LV mass index had significant LV diastolic abnormalities. However, in addition these patients in Group II not only had significantly lower peak systolic strain values but also significantly lower mitral annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE) and MA tissue Doppler imaging systolic velocity values than patients in Group I despite having comparable estimates of LV ejection fraction, based on the Simpson's method.ConclusionBased on these results, AFI provides prompt point of care information regarding LV function and mechanics and identifies differences in longitudinal strain generation between patients with normal and increased LV wall mass. Additional studies are now required to prospectively determine if AFI measures of LV function might be useful to identify patients with an increased LV mass that will develop symptomatic systolic or diastolic heart failure.
Left Ventricular Strain Reduction Is Not Confined to the Noncompacted Segments in Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy–Insights from the Three‐Dimensional Speckle Tracking Echocardiographic MAGYAR‐Path Study
Authors: Kalapos Anita , Domsik Péter , Forster Tamás , Nemes Attila 
Published: November 2013

IntroductionNoncompaction cardiomyopathy (NCCM) is a new clinical entity characterized by prominent trabecular meshwork and deep intertrabecular recesses communicating with the left ventricular (LV) cavity due to arrest of the normal embryogenesis of the endomyocardium. The aim of the present study was to evaluate different contributions of noncompacted and compacted LV segments to the global LV dysfunction by three‐dimensional (3D) speckle tracking echocardiography (3DSTE)‐derived strain parameters in NCCM.Patients and MethodsThe present study comprised 9 patients with typical features of NCCM. Due to the limited image quality, one patient was excluded from the evaluations. Finally, 128 segments of 8 NCCM patients were assessed. Their results were compared to 176 segments of 11 healthy volunteers. Complete two‐dimensional Doppler echocardiography extended with 3DSTE has been performed in all cases.ResultsFifty‐five of 128 LV segments (43%) proved to be noncompacted in NCCM patients. All strain parameters of segments of NCCM patients were significantly lower as compared to segments of controls. Only radial strain (6.99 ± 7.36% vs. 12.58 ± 12.78% vs. 25.24 ± 11.76%, P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively) and 3D strain (7.79 ± 7.59% vs. 14.67 ± 14.04% vs. 27.78 ± 12.57%, P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively) showed further reduction in noncompacted segments as compared to compacted segments.ConclusionsLeft ventricular strain reduction is not confined to the nocompacted segments in NCCM. Radial and 3D strain parameters show further reduction in noncompacted segments compared to compacted segments.
Quantifying aphid behavioral responses to environmental change
Authors: Sudderth Erika A. , Sudderth Erik B. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAphids are the most common vector of plant viruses, and their feeding behavior is an important determinant of virus transmission. Positive effects of global change on aphid performance have been documented, but effects on aphid behavior are not known. We assessed the plant‐mediated behavioral responses of a generalist aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), to increased CO2 and nitrogen when feeding on each of three host species: Amaranthus viridis L. (Amaranthaceae), Polygonum persicaria L. (= Persicaria maculosa Gray) (Polygonaceae), and Solanum dulcamara L. (Solanaceae). Via a family of constrained Markov models, we tested the degree to which aphid movements demonstrate preference among host species or plants grown under varying environmental conditions. Entropy rates of the estimated Markov chains were used to further quantify aphid behavior. Our statistical methods provide a general tool for assessing choice and quantitatively comparing animal behavior under different conditions. Aphids displayed strong preferences for the same host species under all growth conditions, indicating that CO2‐ and N‐induced changes in plant chemistry have minimal effects on host preference. However, entropy rates increased in the presence of non‐preferred hosts, even when preferred hosts were available. We conclude that the presence of a non‐preferred host species affected aphid‐feeding behavior more than changes in plant leaf chemistry when plants were grown under elevated CO2 and increased N availability.
Long non‐coding RNA GHET1 promotes gastric carcinoma cell proliferation by increasing c‐Myc mRNA stability
Authors: Yang Feng , Xue Xuchao , Zheng Luming , Bi Jianwei , Zhou Yuhong , Zhi Kangkang , Gu Yan , Fang Guoen 
Published: November 2013

Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a recently characterized class of non‐coding RNAs, have been shown to have important regulatory roles and are de‐regulated in a variety of tumors. However, the contributions of lncRNAs to gastric carcinoma and their functional mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, we found that lncRNA gastric carcinoma high expressed transcript 1 (lncRNA‐GHET1) was up‐regulated in gastric carcinoma. The over‐expression of this lncRNA correlates with tumor size, tumor invasion and poor survival. Gain‐of‐function and loss‐of‐function analyses demonstrated that GHET1 over‐expression promotes the proliferation of gastric carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Knockdown of GHET1 inhibits the proliferation of gastric carcinoma cells. RNA pull‐down and immunoprecipitation assays confirmed that GHET1 physically associates with insulin‐like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1) and enhances the physical interaction between c‐Myc mRNA and IGF2BP1, consequently increasing the stability of c‐Myc mRNA and expression. The expression of GHET1 and c‐Myc is strongly correlated in gastric carcinoma tissues. Depletion of c‐Myc abolishes the effects of GHET1 on proliferation of gastric carcinoma cells. Taken together, these findings indicate that GHET1 plays a pivotal role in gastric carcinoma cell proliferation via increasing c‐Myc mRNA stability and expression, which suggests potential use of GHET1 for the prognosis and treatment of gastric carcinoma.
Increasing ocean temperatures reduce activity patterns of a large commercially important coral reef fish
Authors: Johansen J. L. , Messmer V. , Coker D. J. , Hoey A. S. , Pratchett M. S. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractLarge‐bodied fish are critical for sustaining coral reef fisheries, but little is known about the vulnerability of these fish to global warming. This study examined the effects of elevated temperatures on the movement and activity patterns of the common coral trout Plectropomus leopardus (Serranidae), which is an important fishery species in tropical Australia and throughout the Indo West‐Pacific. Adult fish were collected from two locations on Australia's Great Barrier Reef (23°S and 14°S) and maintained at one of four temperatures (24, 27, 30, 33 °C). Following >4 weeks acclimation, the spontaneous swimming speeds and activity patterns of individuals were recorded over a period of 12 days. At 24–27 °C, spontaneous swimming speeds of common coral trout were 0.43–0.45 body lengths per second (bls−1), but dropped sharply to 0.29 bls−1 at 30 °C and 0.25 bls−1 at 33 °C. Concurrently, individuals spent 9.3–10.6% of their time resting motionless on the bottom at 24–27 °C, but this behaviour increased to 14.0% at 30 °C and 20.0% of the time at 33 °C (mean ± SE). The impact of temperature was greatest for smaller individuals (<45 cm TL), showing significant changes to swimming speeds across every temperature tested, while medium (45–55 cm TL) and large individuals (>55 cm TL) were first affected by 30 °C and 33 °C, respectively. Importantly, there was some indication that populations can adapt to elevated temperature if presented with adequate time, as the high‐latitude population decreased significantly in swimming speeds at both 30 °C and 33 °C, while the low‐latitude population only showed significant reductions at 33 °C. Given that movement and activity patterns of large mobile species are directly related to prey encounter rates, ability to capture prey and avoid predators, any reductions in activity patterns are likely to reduce overall foraging and energy intake, limit the energy available for growth and reproduction, and affect the fitness and survival of individuals and populations.