bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma Assisted Chemical Vapour Deposition – Technological Design Of Functional Coatings
Authors: Januś M. , Kyzioł K. , Kluska S. , Konefał-Góral J. , Małek A. , Jonas S. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Plasma Assisted Chemical Vapour Deposition (PA CVD) method allows to deposit of homogeneous, well-adhesive coatings at lower temperature on different substrates. Plasmochemical treatment significantly impacts on physicochemical parameters of modified surfaces. In this study we present the overview of the possibilities of plasma processes for the deposition of diamond-like carbon coatings doped Si and/or N atoms on the Ti Grade2, aluminum-zinc alloy and polyetherketone substrate. Depending on the type of modified substrate had improved the corrosion properties including biocompatibility of titanium surface, increase of surface hardness with deposition of good adhesion and fine-grained coatings (in the case of Al-Zn alloy) and improving of the wear resistance (in the case of PEEK substrate).
Study Of Rust Preventive Characteristics Of Rust Preventive Oil From Polarization Curve Measurement
Authors: Iwashima D. , Ejiri K. , Nagase N. , Hatakeyama M. , Sunada S. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Fe-Cu-C sintered steels are widely used as powder materials, because of its small volumetric shrinkage. However, Cu, which acts as cathode enhance formation of rust Fe2O3·xH2O during fabrication. To prevent formation of Fe2O3·xH2O rust preventive oils are widely used. High viscosity of those rust preventive oils decrease workability. While, low viscosity degrade rust preventive performance. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new rust preventive oils with contradictory properties of low viscosity and superior rust prevention. In this study, we developed technique to quantitatively evaluate rust prevention ability by measuring polarization curve through thin corrosive solution on Fe-Cu-C sintered steels coated with rust preventive oils. The electrochemical measurements were carried out in corrosive solution of 0.35 mass % NaCl. Using a double capillary was added dropwise to the specimen. From the experimental, it is possible to evaluate the corrosion rate quantitatively in the surface of specimen, which was coated with rust preventive oil through thin corrosive solution. From the measurement results, Corrosion rate is reduced by coating the rust preventive oil. Especially, corrosion rate of the specimen coated with oil that showed best performance indicated 10000 times better than that of without oil ones. Zn addition negative correlation between corrosion rate and period of potential oscillation.
Microstructure And Erosion-Corrosion Behaviour Of As-Cast High Chromium White Irons Containing Molybdenum In Aqueous Sulfuric-Acid Slurry
Authors: Imurai S. , Thanachayanont Ch. , Pearce J.T.H. , Chairuangsri T. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Microstructure and erosion-corrosion behaviour of as-cast high chromium white irons containing molybdenum in aqueous sulfuric-acid slurry was studied. The experimental irons contained 28 wt.%Cr with a Cr:C ratio of about 10 and up to 10 wt.%Mo. The irons with up to 6 wt.%Mo are hypoeutectic, whereas the iron with 10 wt.%Mo becomes eutectic/peritectic. Mo addition promotes formation of M23C6 and M6C, instead of typical M7C3. Erosion-corrosion testing was performed in aqueous sulfuric-acid slurry containing alumina particles. The hypoeutectic Fe-28Cr-2.7C-1Mo with mainly M7C3 and the eutectic/peritectic Fe-28Cr-2.6C-10Mo showed reduced wear rates of about 30% and 7% of that of the reference iron without Mo addition, respectively. The reduction of the carbide-matrix hardness difference, the increase of corrosion resistance of the matrices, and the increase of macro-hardness are determining factors for the improvement of erosion-corrosion resistance of the irons.
Effects Of Aluminum Sputtering On The Corrosion Resistance Of AZ91 Alloy
Authors: Ishibashi Y. , Nose M. , Hatakeyama M. , Sunada S. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The corrosion resistance of a Magnesium alloy is low and needs to be improved. This research aimed at corrosion-resistance improvement by supatterd deposition aluminium film, which is formed on the surface of AZ91 Magnesium-alloy. Corrosion resistance performed polarization curve measurement, was evaluated in quest of the corrosion rate using the Tafel extrapolation method, and conducted surface observation and EDS analysis by SEM. Although corrosion resistance is not improved only by film forming because of defects in film, corrosion resistance is improved by heat treatment for 3 hours by 553K after sputtering. In the case of heat treated at 623K and 673K for 3 hours, magnesium diffuses through the alminium film and reached the surface of the film. Thus, heat treatment at high temperature degrade the corrosion resistance of the film. The optimization of heat treatment after sputtering is important in this method.
Cast Iron And Mineral Cast Applied For Machine Tool Bed - Dynamic Behavior Analysis
Authors: Kępczak N. , Pawłowski W. , Kaczmarek Ł. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Cast iron and mineral cast are the materials most often used in the machine structural elements design (bodies, housings, machine tools beds etc.). The materials significantly differ in physical and mechanical properties. The ability to suppress vibration is one of the most important factors determining the dynamic properties of the machine and has a significant impact on the machining capabilities of a machine tool. Recent research and development trends show that there is a clear tendency to move away from the traditional iron casting to the mineral casting, due to better dynamic properties of the latter. However mineral cast as a structural material for the whole machine tools bed turns out to be insufficient due to its poor mechanical strength properties. The best solution should benefit from the advantages of the cast iron and mineral cast materials while minimizing their drawbacks. The paper presents numerical modal analysis of two lathe beds: the first one made of gray cast iron and the second one made of hybrid connection of cast iron and mineral cast. The analysis was conducted in order to determine the dynamic properties of two bodies of similar shapes made in the traditional (cast iron) and innovative hybrid (cast iron and mineral cast) technology. In addition, an analysis of the static structure rigidity of the two beds was performed. During the simulation studies it was found a significant increase in dynamic stiffness and static rigidity of the machine tool body made of hybrid connection of cast iron and mineral cast. The results of numerical simulations have confirmed the desirability of using hybrid construction because the dynamic properties of such a body are more advantageous in comparison with the conventional body made of cast iron.
Optimization Of Multi-Module CrN/CrCN Coatings
Authors: Szparaga Ł. , Bartosik P. , Gilewicz A. , Ratajski J. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
In the paper was proposed optimization procedure supporting the prototyping of the geometry of multi-module CrN/CrCN coatings, deposited on substrates from 42CrMo4 steel, in respect of mechanical properties. Adopted decision criteria were the functions of the state of internal stress and strain in the coating and substrate, caused by external mechanical loads. Using developed optimization procedure the set of optimal solutions (Pareto-optimal solutions) of coatings geometry parameters, due to the adopted decision criteria was obtained. For the purposes of analysis of obtained Pareto-optimal solutions, their mutual distance in the space of criteria and decision variables were calculated, which allowed to group solutions in the classes. Also analyzed the number of direct neighbors of Pareto-optimal solutions for the purposes of assessing the stability of solutions.
Individual Prognostic Factors in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Hintea A , Dobre A , Coroş M , Ancuţa Roşca , Daniela Dobru 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Objectives: The objective of this research was to study the prognostic factors in gastric cancer.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study on 5-year survival in 112 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma operated between 2004-2009. We used the Surgery Clinic I and Health Insurance House databases for study of the following parameters: age, sex, depth of invasion, histological type, surgery, number of lymph nodes excised and reported overrun / removed lymphnodes.

Results: There was no significant survival difference related to gender aspects. We found significant differences in the survival rate in relation to the tumours confined to the mucosa and muscularis mucosae (100% and 60% respectively), compared to the cases with deeper invasion (p<0.05). Intestinal type presented a superior however insignificant prognosis compared to diffuse type (22% versus 5.66%). Five years survival was slightly lower after D1 lymphadenectomy D1 compared to D2 lymphadenectomy (25.92% versus 29.16%). We found large differences among the number of perigastric lymph nodes (between 3 and 42 in groups of 1 to 6) nodules. Survival rates were significantly higher (p <0.05) in patients with overrun lymphnodes between 0 and <20%, compared to those with overrun ones over 20% of all excised nodes (23.07%, 55.55% vs. 3.89%).

Conclusions: Merely the number of removed lymph nodes may be a source of error in staging if not taken into account the groups they belong to; the most constant individual prognostic factors are the depth of invasion and overrun/removed lymph nodes report; D2 lymphadenectomy has superior results in terms of 5 years survival compared to D1 lymphadenectomy, but, at least in our study, the difference was insignificant.
Topology on the unitary dual of completely solvable Lie groups
Authors: Poguntke Detlev 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIt was one of great successes of Kirillov's orbit method to see that the unitary dual of an exponential Lie group is in bijective correspondence with the orbit space associated with the linear dual of the Lie algebra of the group in question. To show that this correspondence is an homeomorphism turned out to be unexpectedly difficult. Only in 1994 H. Leptin and J. Ludwig gave a proof using the notion of variable groups. In this article their proof in the case of completely solvable Lie group is reorganized, some “philosophy” and some new arguments are added. The purpose is to contribute to a better understanding of this proof.
The Economic Integration Of The EU13 Regions Into EU Economy During The 2004–2013 Period
Authors: Kabát Libor 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to study and to highlight the applicative and interpretive limits of the GDP per capita indicators, when regional economics of the new member countries (EU13), particularly the process of integration of their regions into EU economy is examined in terms of the beta and sigma convergence. The growth of gross domestic product has long been pursued as the main objective of the economic activities of countries and regions. Its growth is seen as almost a guarantee of the proper functioning of the economy. The governments of individual countries, in the event of a decline in GDP, take measures for its recovery. Small attention, however, is given to the fact, whether such an economic development copes with the parameters of sustainable economic growth. Also, little attention is paid to the study of how the previous growth is reflected in the standard of living of the population and households in respective countries and regions.
Preparation and characterization of polyurethane damping materials derived from mixed-base prepolymers containing numerous side methyls
Authors: Feng Yang , Zhou Haijun , Zhang Xiaolei , Li Yongzhen , Li Yantao 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Polyurethane (PU) damping materials were prepared by mixed-base PU prepolymers and 4,4′-methylene- bis-(2-chloroaniline) (MOCA) as chain extender. The prepolymer was synthesized from poly(hydroxypivalyl hydroxypivalate succinate) (PHPS) or polypropylene glycol 2000 (PPG-2000) with 2,4-toluene diisocyanate (TDI-100), respectively. The structure, morphology, and dynamic and static mechanical properties were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMA), and tensile testing machine, respectively. The results indicated that the mass ratios of polyester prepolymer (PESP) and polyether prepolymer (PETP) (m
PESP/m
PETP ratio) had significantly affected the dynamic mechanical properties of the PUs. When the m
PESP/m
PETP ratio was 40/60 and 45/55, and PUs had the temperature range (ΔT) higher than 60°C for efficient loss factor (tanδ>0.4) in the DMA curve with bimodal. The phase diagrams of STM indicated that more complex combination of hard and soft segments existed in the PUs, and the segments of PESP and PETP formed irregular block structures. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of PUs were of higher value. It is believed that PUs may be used as potential damping materials.
Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and management practices of acute coronary syndrome in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Dilip Chandrasekhar , Cholamugath Shinu , Baby Molniya , Pattani Danisha 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Background: A prospective study of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), who met the inclusion criteria, was carried out. It was conducted in the cardiology department of tertiary care referral hospital in Kerala. An attempt was made to identify and determine the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in patients presenting with ACS and to evaluate the current treatment practice pattern of ACS and to compare it with standard treatment guidelines, thereby improving the quality of life of patients.

Methods: Data of patients who met the inclusion criteria were collected in specially designed data collection form. The form included the patient data such as demographics, risk factors, procedures performed during the hospital stay, and in-hospital and discharge drug therapy. Patients with ACS included those with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), and unstable angina (UA). Descriptive statistics were performed. All statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 16.0.

Results: A total of 100 patients were studied having mean age of 62.57 years±12.18 years. Fifty-one percent were having NSTEMI, 33% were having STEMI, and 16% were having UA. Hypertension (63%) and diabetes (51%) were more prevalent in both men and women. Smoking among males was consistently high (48.6%), being highest among adults. Cardiac procedures performed include percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) in 45%, coronary angiogram (CAG) in 20%, and coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) in 7%. In-hospital medications were antiplatelets (100%), thrombolytics (28%), statins (97%), anticoagulants (80%), nitrates (73%), β-blocker (32%), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (6%), angiotensin receptor blocker (9%), potassium opener (7%), vasodilator (1%), calcium channel blocker (9%), α-blocker (7%), and α+β blocker (7%).

Conclusions: The contemporary profile of treatment patterns for patients with ACS indicates an improved adherence to the guidelines. The alarmingly high rate of modifiable risk factors remains a cause of concern and a challenge that needs to be tackled, as better control of cardiovascular risk factors is expected to have a favorable impact on the incidence of ACS.
Evaluation of the analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, phytochemical and toxicological properties of the methanolic leaf extract of commercially processed Moringa oleifera in some laboratory animals
Authors: Adedapo Adeolu Alex , Falayi Olufunke Olubunmi , Oyagbemi Ademola Adetokunbo 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Background:
Moringa oleifera Lam (Moringaceae) is a highly valued plant, distributed in many countries of the tropics and subtropics. It has an impressive range of medicinal uses with high nutritional value.

Methods: The commercially processed M. oleifera was extracted using methanol as its solvent. Phytochemical analysis as well as the anti-oxidant properties of this supplement were also investigated. Acute toxicity was carried out in fasted mice. Carrageenan and histamine tests were used to assess anti-inflammatory effects in rats, while analgesic activities were assessed using the acetic acid-induced writhing test and formalin-induced paw lick test in mice. In the anti-oxidant tests, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, ferrous reducing activity power, 2,21-azinobis-(3-ethylbenthialozine)-6-sulphonic acid and total polyphenolic (TPP) assays were deployed at concentrations of 10 mg/mL and 20 mg/mL.

Results: The phytochemical analysis showed that the extract contained flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides, tannins and saponins. In the acetic acid-induced writhing test, the extract significantly reduced the number of writhes at 100 and 200 mg/kg but not so much at 50 mg/kg. In the formalin-induced paw lick test, the effect was similar to that of the acetic writhing test. The analgesic effects were comparable to that of indomethacin used at 10 mg/kg. In the anti-inflammatory test, the extract reduced the formation of oedema especially at a dose of 200 mg/kg. In the anti-oxidant test, the extract was found to possess a free radical-scavenging property and is concentration related.

Conclusions: The use of this extract for medicinal and nutritional purposes may have thus been justified; however, caution must be exercised in its use to prevent the toxic effect.
Exergy parametric study of carbon monoxide oxidation in moist air
Authors: Souidi Ferhat , Benmalek Toufik , Yesaad Billel , Baik Mouloud 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This study aims to analyze the oxidation of carbon
monoxide in moist air from the second thermodynamic law aspect.
A mathematical model of laminar premixed flame in a stagnation point flow has
been achieved by numerical solution of the boundary layer equation using a
self-made code. The chemical kinetic mechanism for flameless combustion of
fuel, which is a mixture of carbon monoxide, oxygen, and water vapor, is
modeled by 34 elementary reactions that incorporate (09) nine chemical
species:

CO

$\mathrm {CO}$

,

O

$\mathrm {O}$

, CO2, O2,

H
2

O

$\mathrm {H}_2\mathrm {O}$

,

H

$\mathrm {H}$

,
H2, HO2, and

OH

$\mathrm {OH}$

. The salient point is that for
all the parameters we considered, the exergy of the process is completely
destroyed by irreversibilities.
From the chemical viewpoint, the

OH

$\mathrm {OH}$

radical plays an essential role in

CO

$\mathrm {CO}$

oxidation. This latter point has already been mentioned by previous investigators.
Multifrequency EPR study on radiation induced centers in calcium carbonates labeled with 13C
Authors: Sadło Jarosław , Bugaj Anna , Strzelczak Grażyna , Sterniczuk Marcin , Jaegermann Zbigniew 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
In calcite and aragonite, γ-irradiated at 77 K, several paramagnetic centers were generated and detected by EPR spectroscopy; in calcite, CO3
− (orthorhombic symmetry, bulk and bonded to surface), CO3
3−, NO3
2−, O3
−, and in aragonite CO2
− (isotropic and orthorhombic symmetry) depending on the type of calcium carbonate used. For calcium carbonates enriched with 13C more detailed information about the formed radicals was possible to be obtained. In both natural (white coral) and synthetic aragonite the same radicals were identified with main differences in the properties of CO2
− radicals. An application of Q-band EPR allowed to avoid the signals overlap giving the characteristics of radical anisotropy.
Spin trapping studies of essential oils in lipid systems
Authors: Makarova Katerina , Drązikowska Kinga , Suska Beata , Zawada Katarzyna , Wawer Iwona 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
In the present work, we report the results of a spin trapping ESR study of four essential oils widely used for skin care products such as creams and bath salts. The studied essential oils are Rosmarini aetheroleum (rosemary), Menthae piperitae aetheroleum (mint), Lavandulae aetheroleum (lavender), and Thymi aetheroleum (thyme). Fenton reaction in the presence of ethanol was used to generate free radicals. The N-tert-butyl-α-phenylnitrone (PBN) was used as a spin trap. In the Fenton reaction, the rosemary oil had the lowest effect on radical adduct formation as compared to the reference Fenton system. Since essential oils are known to be lipid soluble, we also conducted studies of essential oils in Fenton reaction in the presence of lipids. Two model lipids were used, namely 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC). The obtained results suggested that in the presence of DOPC lipids, the •OH and PBN/•CHCH3(OH) radicals are formed in both phases, that is, water and lipids, and all the studied essential oils affected the Fenton reaction in a similar way. Whereas, in the DPPC system, the additional type of PBN/X (aN
= 16.1 G, aH
= 2.9 G) radical adduct was generated. DFT calculations of hyperfine splittings were performed at B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p)/EPR-II level of theory for the set of c-centered PBN adducts in order to identify PBN/X radical.
The acid-catalyzed interaction of melanin with nitrite ions. An EPR investigation
Authors: Matuszak Zenon , Chignell Collin F. , Reszka Krzysztof J. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The interaction of synthetic dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) melanin (DM) with nitrite ions, NO2
−, in the pH 3.6–7.0 range, has been investigated using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). We found that especially at pH <5.5 (from ca. 5.5 to 3.6) the reaction of DM with nitrite generated large quantities of new melanin radicals, which implies the involvement of nitrous acid, HNO2, in the radical formation process. Measurements carried out at constant pH of 3.6 showed that the melanin signal increased together with nitrite concentration, reaching a plateau level which was more than fourfold larger compared to the initial signal amplitude observed in a nitrite-free buffer of the same pH. The effects of nitrite and DM concentrations on the melanin-free radical content were also investigated. It is proposed that the radicals are generated by one electron oxidation of melanin ortho-hydroquinone groups to ortho-semiquinones by HNO2 or related nitrogen oxides such as NO2
• radicals. The possible involvement of nitric oxide (•NO) and peroxynitrite (ONOO−) in DM oxidation was also examined. In air-free solutions, nitric oxide per se did not generate melanin radicals; however, in the presence of oxygen a marked increase in the melanin EPR signal intensity was observed. This result is interpreted in terms of the generation of radicals via the oxidation of DM by peroxynitrite. Our findings suggest that melanin can function as a natural scavenger of nitrous acid and some nitrous acid-derived species. This property may be relevant to physiological functions of melanin pigments in vivo.