bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adhesion behavior of marine benthic diatom Nitzschia closterium MMDL533 on cationically modified phosphorylcholine copolymer films
Authors: Li Yan , Zhu Jian‐Hang , Que Guo‐He , Liu Cheng‐Mei 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTSurfaces of cationically modified zwitterionic phosphorylcholine (PC) copolymer prepared by spin coating were characterized by spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), atomic force microscopy, and water contact angle. The obtained PC films bearing cationic charge densities were used to investigate the effect of electrostatic interactions on the adhesion behavior of marine fouling diatom Nitzschia closterium MMDL533. Results show that the settlement of N. closterium MMDL533 cells increases with the positive choline fragment contents in the copolymers. Upon exposure to 8.5‐Pa wall shear stress for 2 minutes, the percentage removals of the settled cells on choline containing films were significantly lower than those on the neutral PC1036 films, indicating that the electrostatic attraction between N. closterium MMDL533 cells and the cationic modified PC films could promote the diatom settlement and improve diatom adhesion strength. There were more aggregates adhered on the PC films as compared with the hydroxylated glass slides, which might result from their higher surface hydrophobicity and more heterogeneous surfaces. © 2013 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crosslinking diversity on network morphology, template binding, and template transport of molecularly imprinted polymers prepared via living radical polymerization
Authors: Salian Vishal D. , Byrne Mark E. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThe objective of this work is to study the effects of altering the chain building blocks and the reaction on template binding and transport parameters of imprinted polymer gels. The characterization of imprinted poly(diethylaminoethylmethacrylate‐co‐hydroxyethylmethacrylate‐co‐polyethyleneglycol(n)dimethacrylate) polymer gels prepared via free (FRP) or living (LRP) radical polymerization with varying crosslinking monomer lengths (number of ethylene glycol repeat units of 1, ∼4.5, ∼9) and concentrations (1, 5, 10, 50%) is presented. All imprinted networks prepared via LRP exhibited significantly higher template binding affinities and capacities as well as significantly lower template diffusion coefficients compared to those prepared via FRP. Synthesizing imprinted polymers via LRP results in much smaller and relatively constant dispersities of polymer chains compared to imprinted polymers prepared via FRP. Therefore, LRP has a profound structural effect on the imprinted polymer network leading to increased homogeneity in the mesh structure which enhances the molecular imprinting effect. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 3588–3599, 2013
Study of the Phase Transformation of Single Particles of Ga2O3by UV‐Raman Spectroscopy and High‐Resolution TEM
Authors: Wang Xiang , Xu Qian , Fan Fengtao , Wang Xiuli , Li Mingrun , Feng Zhaochi , Li Can 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBy taking advantage of UV‐Raman spectroscopy and high‐resolution TEM (HRTEM), combined with the focused ion beam (FIB) technique, the transformation from GaOOH into α‐Ga2O3and then into β‐Ga2O3was followed. We found that the stepwise transformations took place from the surface region before developing into the bulk of single particles without particle agglomeration and growth. During the transformation from GaOOH into α‐Ga2O3, the elimination of water vapor through the dehydroxylation of GaOOH resulted in the formation of micropores in the single particles, whilst maintaining their particle size. For the phase transformation from α‐Ga2O3into β‐Ga2O3, the nucleation of β‐Ga2O3was found to occur at the surface defects and this process could be retarded by occupying these defects with a small amount of La2O3. By finely controlling the process of the phase transformation, the β‐Ga2O3domains gradually developed from the surface into the bulk of the single particles without particle agglomeration. Therefore, the surface structure of the α‐Ga2O3single particles can be easily tuned and a particle with an α@β core–shell phase structure has been obtained.
Robust and Efficient Slam Via Compressed H∞ Filtering
Authors: Pham Viet‐Cuong , Juang Jyh‐Ching 
Published: June 2013

AbstractSimultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) is an important and challenging task for the operation of autonomous mobile robots in which both the pose of the robot and features of the environment need to be estimated at the same time. In particular, it is desirable to achieve robustness and efficiency in the SLAM implementation. Robots in unknown environment are likely to be subject to modeling errors which cannot be easily characterized in terms of statistical properties. To mitigate the effect of uncertainties and disturbances, robust filters such as the H∞ filter can be employed. However, robust filters are complex to implement, demanding a significant amount of computational resources. This study proposes a compressed H∞ filter to solve the robust SLAM problem in which robot dynamics are subject to uncertainties and measurements are subject to bounded‐but‐unknown disturbances. To achieve an efficient implementation, the state is partitioned into active and inactive states where the latter refers to state variables which are invariant and independent of the measurement at the epoch. With such a partitioning, the active state represents the robot pose and locations of landmarks inside a certain area surrounding the robot. The computational load is reduced since only active state needs to be estimated within a time segment. An update scheme is proposed to refine the whole state at the end of the time segment. Moreover, the relative landmark representation which results in a small cross‐correlation between active state and inactive state is employed to reduce the errors. As a result, both efficiency and robustness can be achieved. Simulations reveal that the results obtained from the proposed compressed H∞ filter, which has lower computational complexity, are very close to those from the full order H∞ filter. Further, the compressed H∞ filter is more robust than EKFs and FastSLAM.
Kinematic Nonlinear Controller for a Miniature Helicopter via Lyapunov Techniques
Authors: Salinas Lucio R. , Slawiñski Emanuel , Mut Vicente A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis work proposes a kinematic nonlinear controller for an autonomous miniature helicopter that generates saturated reference velocity commands for accurate waypoint trajectory tracking. The control law design is based on a Lyapunov technique with a special choice of the system state equations using spherical coordinates. Stability of the control system is analyzed. Finally, simulation results are presented and discussed, which validate the proposed controller.
On the epochal variation of intensity of tropical cyclones in the Arabian Sea
Authors: Rajeevan M. , Srinivasan J. , Niranjan Kumar K. , Gnanaseelan C. , Ali M. M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractDuring recent years, an increase in the intensity of pre‐monsoon tropical cyclones (TCs) is observed over the Arabian Sea. This study suggests that this increase is due to epochal variability in the intensity of TCs and is associated with epochal variability in the storm‐ambient vertical wind shear and tropical cyclone heat potential (TCHP). There is a significant increase (0.53 kJ cm−2 year−1) of TCHP during recent years. The warmer upper ocean helps TCs to sustain or increase their intensity by an uninterrupted supply of sensible and latent heat fluxes from the ocean surface to the atmosphere.
Microbial production of the aromatic building‐blocks (S)‐styrene oxide and (R)‐1,2‐phenylethanediol from renewable resources
Authors: McKenna Rebekah , Pugh Shawn , Thompson Brian , Nielsen David R. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract(S)‐Styrene oxide and (R)‐1,2‐phenylethanediol are chiral aromatic molecular building blocks used commonly as precursors to pharmaceuticals and other specialty chemicals. Two pathways have been engineered in Escherichia coli for their individual biosynthesis directly from glucose. The novel pathways each constitute extensions of the previously engineered styrene pathway, developed by co‐expressing either styrene monooxygenase (SMO) or styrene dioxygenase (SDO) to convert styrene to (S)‐styrene oxide and (R)‐1,2‐phenylethanediol, respectively. StyAB from Pseudomonas putida S12 was determined to be the most effective SMO. SDO activity was achieved using NahAaAbAcAd of Pseudomonas sp. NCIB 9816‐4, a naphthalene dioxygenase with known broad substrate specificity. Production of phenylalanine, the precursor to both pathways, was systematically enhanced through a number of mutations, most notably via deletion of tyrA and over‐expression of tktA. As a result, (R)‐1,2‐phenylethanediol reached titers as high as 1.23 g/L, and at 1.32 g/L (S)‐styrene oxide titers already approach their toxicity limit. As with other aromatics, product toxicity was strongly correlated with a model of membrane accumulation and disruption. This study additionally demonstrates that greater flux through the styrene pathway can be achieved if its toxicity is addressed, as achieved in this case by reacting styrene to less toxic products.See accompanying commentary by Brian F. Pfleger DOI: 10.1002/biot.201300251
Salbutamol extraction from urine and its stability in different solutions: identification of methylation products and validation of a quantitative analytical method
Authors: Garrido Bruno Carius , Silva Mayra Leal Chrisóstomo , Borges Ricardo Moreira , Padilha Monica Costa , de Aquino Neto Francisco Radler 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTSalbutamol is commonly used in asthma treatment, being considered a short‐effect bronchodilator. This drug poses special interest in certain fields of chemical analysis, such as food, clinical and doping analyses, in which it needs to be analyzed with quantitative precision and accuracy. Salbutamol, however, is known to degrade under certain conditions and this is critical if quantitative results must be generated. The present work aimed to investigate salbutamol extraction from urine samples, to determine whether salbutamol is unstable in other solvents as well as in urine samples, to elucidate the structures of the possible degradation products and to validate an analytical method using the extraction procedure evaluated. Stability investigations were performed in urine at different pH values, in methanol and acetone at different temperatures. Semi‐preparative liquid chromatography was performed for the isolation of degradation products, and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry as well as nuclear magnetic resonance were used for identification. Three unreported methylation products were detected in methanolic solutions and had their structures elucidated. Urine samples showed a reduction in salbutamol concentration of up to 25.8% after 5 weeks. These results show that special care must be taken regarding salbutamol quantitative analyses, since degradation either in standard solutions or in urine could lead to incorrect values. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing Risk of Victim Crossover with Children and Young People who display Harmful Sexual Behaviours
Authors: Allardyce Stuart , Yates Peter Michael 
Published: June 2013

Assessments of children and young people who display harmful sexual behaviours need to consider – at a broad level – the safety of other children at home, in the community and in the wider family. To date, issues of victim selection have been marginalised in the relevant literature. Drawing on our experience of working with this client group, this article uses four composite case studies that reflect the heterogeneity of children and young people who sexually abuse and applies recent research findings about intra‐ and extra‐familial sexual abuse to make suggestions for good practice in assessment and intervention with young people who display harmful sexual behaviours in different settings. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.‘Issues of victim selection have been marginalised in the relevant literature’Key Practitioner Messages

Young people with harmful sexual behaviour are a heterogeneous group who may be more likely than adults to vary victim type.
A formulation approach to risk assessment allows us to move beyond merely the likelihood of future risk, to consider more dynamically issues of victim selection and circumstances in which risks may present.
Assessments of family relationships, in particular sibling relationships, can help sharpen our approach to risk assessment and the potential for family‐community crossover.
Visualizing the Protein Sequence Universe
Authors: Stanberry Larissa , Higdon Roger , Haynes Winston , Kolker Natali , Broomall William , Ekanayake Saliya , Hughes Adam , Ruan Yang , Qiu Judy , Kolker Eugene , Fox Geoffrey 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYModern biology is experiencing a rapid increase in data volumes that challenges our analytical skills and existing cyberinfrastructure. Exponential expansion of the protein sequence universe (PSU), the protein sequence space, together with the costs and complexities of manual curation creates a major bottleneck in life sciences research. Existing resources lack scalable visualization tools that are instrumental for functional annotation. Here, we describe a new visualization tool using multidimensional scaling to create a 3D embedding of the protein space. The advantages of the proposed PSU method include the ability to scale to large numbers of sequences, integrate different similarity measures with other functional and experimental data, and facilitate protein annotation. We applied the method to visualize the prokaryotic PSU using sequence alignment scores. As an annotation example, we used the interpolation approach to map the set of annotated archaeal proteins into the prokaryotic PSU. Transdisciplinary approaches akin to the one described in this paper are urgently needed to quickly and efficiently translate the influx of new data into tangible innovations and groundbreaking discoveries. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Linear Metallopolymers from Ruthenium(II)‐2,6‐di(quinolin‐8‐yl)pyridine Complexes by Electropolymerization – Formation of Redox‐Stable and Emissive Films
Authors: Friebe Christian , Görls Helmar , Jäger Michael , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractTwo rodlike ruthenium(II) complexes of 2,6‐di(quinolin‐8‐yl)pyridines (dqp) were synthesized and possess a pair of 2‐thienyl moieties attached to the 4‐positions of the quinoline units of one ligand or at the 4‐positions of the pyridine rings of both ligands. The heteroleptic and homoleptic complexes were characterized by UV/Vis absorption and emission spectroscopy as well as electrochemical and X‐ray crystallographic means. The subsequent electropolymerization of the thiophene units led to the controlled formation of thin solid films onto electrode surfaces as proven by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The electrochemical analysis of the films was complemented by UV/Vis spectroscopy and UV/Vis/NIR spectroelectrochemistry, which revealed their stability towards oxidation, red emission, and reversible redox switching of their optical properties. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were executed on the monomer complexes and respective dimeric systems to gain insight into their spectroscopic and electrochemical properties.
Domino Cyclization Initiated by Cross‐Rauhut–Currier Reactions
Authors: Xie Peizhong , Huang You 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe Rauhut–Currier reaction has proved itself as a promising strategy for synthesis of multifunctionalized molecules, although still being in its infancy with regard to limitations of selectivity and scope. Considerable attention has thus been devoted to resolution of difficulties associated with controlling strategies and enantioselectivity. Carbocycles with distinct structural frameworks can be assembled rapidly through incorporation of cross‐Rauhut–Currier reactions into domino processes. The fine compatibility and widespread utility of Rauhut–Currier reactions is illustrated with several recent outstanding examples, with the aim of shedding light on the design of new substrates and catalysts for syntheses of complex molecules.
Reaction of Two Differently Functionalized Oxiranes with Nickel Perchlorate: A Modular Entry to Highly Substituted 1,3‐Dioxolanes
Authors: Chen Zuliang , Xiao Yuanjing , Zhang Junliang 
Published: June 2013

AbstractNickel perchlorate catalyzed sequential Meinwald rearrangement of a terminal oxirane through C–O bond cleavage, and cycloaddition with a donor–acceptor oxirane through C–C bond cleavage was developed. The same catalyst mediates the ring opening of the oxirane moiety in two different ways. This method provides an alternative route to synthesize highly substituted 1,3‐dioxolanes by using oxiranes instead of aldehydes.
Influences of type of wave and angle of incidence on seismic bending moments in pile foundations
Authors: Zarzalejos J. M. , Aznárez J. J. , Padrón L. A. , Maeso O. 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYWhen analysing the seismic response of pile groups, a vertically‐incident wavefield is usually employed even though it does not necessarily correspond to the worst case scenario. This work aims to study the influences of both the type of seismic body wave and its angle of incidence on the dynamic response of pile foundations. To this end, the formulation of SV, SH and P obliquely‐incident waves is presented and implemented in a frequency‐domain boundary element‐finite element code for the dynamic analysis of pile foundations and piled structures. Results are presented in terms of bending moments at cap level of single piles and 3 × 3 pile groups, both in frequency and in time domains. It is found that, in general, the vertical incidence is not the most unfavourable situation. In particular, obliquely‐incident SV waves with angles of incidence smaller than the critical one, a situation in which the mechanism of propagation of the waves in the soil changes and surface waves appear, yield bending moments much larger than those obtained for vertically‐incident wavefields. It is also shown that the influence of pile‐to‐pile interaction on the kinematic bending moments becomes significant for non‐vertical incidence, especially for P and SV waves. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Venous thromboembolism in otolaryngology surgical inpatients receiving chemoprophylaxis
Authors: Yarlagadda Bharat B. , Brook Christopher D. , Stein Daniel J. , Jalisi Scharukh 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe Caprini risk assessment model for stratifying patients' risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE) has been validated in the otolaryngology literature. We sought to determine the incidence of VTE in patients receiving chemoprophylaxis and correlate with the Caprini risk assessment model.MethodsA retrospective chart review of adult surgical admissions to an academic otolaryngology service from 2007 to 2012 was performed. Caprini risk assessment model scores were calculated and compared to incidence of VTE based on diagnosis codes.ResultsSeven hundred four patients met our inclusion criteria. Fifteen (2.13%) developed VTE. The Caprini risk assessment model score averaged 5.7 (range, 2–16). Patients with VTE had an average score of 9.87 versus 5.62 for those without (p < .0001). No patients with a score of 6 and below, 3.01% with 7‐8, and 13.16% with a score >9 developed VTE.ConclusionThe incidence of VTE increases with Caprini risk assessment model score, and a score of >8 predicts a high risk (>13%) of VTE in postoperative otolaryngology inpatients despite chemoprophylaxis. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 1087–1093, 2014
THEMIS observations of electron acceleration associated with the evolution of substorm dipolarization in the near‐Earth tail
Authors: Tang C. L. , Lu L. , Zhou M. , Yao Z. H. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe present the evolution of dipolarizations in the near‐Earth tail during a substorm on 15 March 2009, based on the two‐point measurements in the nightside plasma sheet at X ~ −8.0 RE. The earthward‐moving dipolarization, the magnetic flux pileup, and the tailward‐moving dipolarization were observed. For the 30–200 keV electrons, betatron acceleration was the dominant process, which was caused by the much larger gradient of the magnetic field there during the earthward‐moving dipolarization or by a local compression of the magnetic field during the magnetic flux pileup and tailward‐moving dipolarization. These near‐perpendicular distributions for the 30–200 keV electrons are interpreted as produced by a two‐step acceleration: Electrons were first accelerated in the dipolarization fronts in the midtail or the near‐Earth tail and then were further accelerated near the tail current disruption region. For the more than 200 keV electrons, Fermi acceleration was the dominant process, which was caused by the shrinking length of magnetic field line during the tailward‐moving dipolarization. The source region of the more than 200 keV electrons may be near the tail current disruption region, but these electrons were accelerated locally. These field‐aligned electrons can precipitate into the ionosphere and form the discrete auroral arcs. Two parallel arcs were clearly observed around the substorm onset: one propagated equatorward, another propagated poleward. We suggest that the earthward‐moving dipolarization, the magnetic flux pileup, and the tailward‐moving dipolarization near the tail current disruption region can well explain the auroral evolution around the substorm onset.
The version 8.6 SBUV ozone data record: An overview
Authors: McPeters Richard D. , Bhartia P. K. , Haffner D. , Labow Gordon J. , Flynn Larry 
Published: June 2013

AbstractUnder a NASA program to produce long‐term data records from instruments on multiple satellites, data from a series of nine Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet (SBUV and SBUV/2) instruments have been reprocessed to create a coherent ozone time series. Data from the BUV instrument on Nimbus 4, SBUV on Nimbus 7, and SBUV/2 instruments on NOAA 9, 11, 14, 16, 17, 18, and 19 covering the period 1970–1972 and 1979–2011 were used to create a long‐term data set. The goal is an ozone Earth Science Data Record—a consistent, calibrated ozone time series that can be used for trend analyses and other studies. In order to create this ozone data set, the radiances were adjusted and used to reprocess the entire data records for each of the nine instruments. Interinstrument comparisons during periods of overlap as well as comparisons with data from other satellite and ground‐based instruments were used to evaluate the consistency of the record and make calibration adjustments as needed. Additional improvements in this version 8.6 processing included the use of the Brion, Daumont, and Malicet ozone cross sections, and a cloud‐height climatology derived from Aura OMI measurements. Validation of the reprocessed ozone shows that total column ozone is consistent with the Brewer/Dobson network to within about 1% for the new time series. Comparisons with MLS, SAGE, sondes, and lidar show that ozone at individual levels in the stratosphere is generally consistent to within 5%.