bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiation and repeated transoceanic dispersal of Schoeneae (Cyperaceae) through the southern hemisphere
Authors: Viljoen Jan‐Adriaan , Muasya A. Muthama , Barrett Russell L. , Bruhl Jeremy J. , Gibbs Adele K. , Slingsby Jasper A. , Wilson Karen L. , Verboom G. Anthony 
Published: December 2013

• Premise of the study: The broad austral distribution of Schoeneae is almost certainly a product of long‐distance dispersal. Owing to the inadequacies of existing phylogenetic data and a lack of rigorous biogeographic analysis, relationships within the tribe remain poorly resolved and its pattern of radiation and dispersal uncertain. We employed an expanded sampling of taxa and markers and a rigorous analytic approach to address these limitations. We evaluated the roles of geography and ecology in stimulating the initial radiation of the group and its subsequent dispersal across the southern hemisphere.• Methods: A dated tree was reconstructed using reversible‐jump Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) with a polytomy prior and molecular dating, applied to data from two nuclear and three cpDNA regions. Ancestral areas and habitats were inferred using dispersal–extinction–cladogenesis models.• Key results: Schoeneae originated in Australia in the Paleocene. The existence of a “hard” polytomy at the base of the clade reflects the rapid divergence of six principal lineages ca. 50 Ma, within Australia. From this ancestral area, Schoeneae have traversed the austral oceans with remarkable frequency, a total of 29 distinct dispersal events being reported here. Dispersal rates between landmasses are not explicable in terms of the geographical distances separating them. Transoceanic dispersal generally involved habitat stasis.• Conclusions: Although the role of dispersal in explaining global distribution patterns is now widely accepted, the apparent ease with which such dispersal may occur has perhaps been under‐appreciated. In Schoeneae, transoceanic dispersal has been remarkably frequent, with ecological opportunity, rather than geography, being most important in dictating dispersal patterns.
Relevant Gender Differences in Epidemiological Profile, Exposure to First Antiretroviral Regimen and Survival in the Spanish Aids Research Network Cohort
Authors: Pérez-Elías María Jesús , Muriel Alfonso , Moreno Ana , Martinez-Colubi María , Iribarren José A , Masiá Mar , Blanco José R , Palacios Rosario , del Romero Jorge , Pérez Desire G , Hernando Victoria ,   CoRIS Study Group
Published: December 2013

Background The possible differences in the disease spectrum and prognosis of HIV infection in women and men is a major point of concern. Women are under-represented in randomized clinical trials and in some cohorts. Discordant results have often been obtained depending on the setting. Methods We assessed gender differences in clinical and epidemiological features, antiretroviral treatment (ART) exposure and survival in two multicentre cohorts of HIV-positive subjects in Spain: CoRIS-MD and CoRIS. Competing risk regression models were used to assess gender effect on time to start ART and time to first ART change, and a Cox regression model to estimate gender effect on time to death. Results Between January 1996 and December 2008, 1,953 women and 6,072 men naive to ART at study entry were included. The trend analysis over time showed the percentage of women in the younger (<20 years) and older (>50 years) strata increased significantly ( P<0.001) from 0.5% and 1.8% in 1996 to 4.9% and 4.2% in 2008, respectively. By competing risk analysis women started ART earlier than men (adjusted subhazard ratio [ASHR] 1.21, 95% CI 1.11, 1.31) in CoRIS cohort, while in CoRIS-MD none of these differences were observed. In both cohorts women showed a shorter time to the first ART change (ASHR 1.10, 95% CI 1.01, 1.19). Pregnancy and patient's/physician's decisions as reasons for changing were more frequent in women than in men in CoRIS. In the Cox regression model, gender was not associated with differences in survival. Conclusions In two large cohorts in Spain, we observed relevant gender differences in epidemiological characteristics and antiretroviral exposure outcomes, while survival differences were not attributable to gender.
Direct oral anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents
Authors: Spannagl M. , Sibbing D. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryOral anticoagulants and platelet receptor blockers are widely used in clinical practice with the aim of reducing the risk of thrombotic complications in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Their regular intake and adequate antithrombotic action is vital and this is way numerous assays have been developed for laboratory testing and monitoring of these agents. Available assays can be stratified into pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic assays. Such assays are increasingly used in clinical routine and their daily use is triggered by the advent of the novel direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) as an alternative for vitamin K antagonist (VKA) treatment, which are dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban, and by the advent of prasugrel or ticagrelor as an alternative for clopidogrel with regard to platelet P2Y12 receptor inhibition.In this review the most important and most commonly used laboratory assays are summarized as well as their clinical implications with the focus on DOACs as an alternative for VKAs and the different P2Y12 receptor blockers for ant-iplatelet treatment.
Expansive Generation of Functional Airway Epithelium From Human Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: McIntyre Brendan A.S. , Alev Cantas , Mechael Rami , Salci Kyle R. , Lee Jung Bok , Fiebig-Comyn Aline , Guezguez Borhane , Wu Yuping , Sheng Guojun , Bhatia Mickie 
Published: December 2013

AbstractProduction of human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived lung progenitors has broad applicability for drug screening and cell therapy; however, this is complicated by limitations in demarcating phenotypic changes with functional validation of airway cell types. In this paper, we reveal the potential of hESCs to produce multipotent lung progenitors using a combined growth factor and physical culture approach, guided by the use of novel markers LIFRα and NRP1. Lung specification of hESCs was achieved by priming differentiation via matrix-specific support, followed by air-liquid interface to allow generation of lung progenitors capable of in vitro maturation into airway epithelial cell types, resulting in functional characteristics such as secretion of pulmonary surfactant, ciliation, polarization, and acquisition of innate immune activity. This approach provided a robust expansion of lung progenitors, allowing in vivo assessment, which demonstrated that only fully differentiated hESC-derived airway cells were retained in the distal airway, where they aided in physiological recovery in immunocompromised mice receiving airway injury. Our study provides a basis for translational applications of hESCs for lung diseases.
La contribution des religieux à la connaissance des savoirs populaires en Bretagne
Authors: Postic Fañch 
Published: December 2013

Aux xviie et xviiie siècles les missionnaires Le Nobletz et Maunoir mentionnent des pratiques « superstitieuses », les dictionnaires de Le Pelletier et de Rostrenen contiennent quelques informations, mais il faut attendre la fin du xviiie siècle et le chanoine Mahé, admirateur de MacPherson, pour parler de collecte. À la suite du Barzaz-Breiz (1839), les prêtres chercheront surtout à enrichir le répertoire de chants populaires par des compositions nouvelles, tel Mgr Le Joubioux qui influence une « école vannetaise » à laquelle on doit d’importantes collectes après 1880 (abbés Buléon, Cadic, Guillevic, Le Goff…). Face aux lois sur l’enseignement, sur la séparation de l’Église et de l’État, la culture populaire et la langue leur sont d’abord des moyens d’apostolat, comme pour l’abbé Perrot en Léon. Ils participent peu au mouvement folkloriste de la fin du xixe siècle et du début du xxe, à l’exception de François Duine qui collabore à des revues savantes comme, plus tard, le chanoine Pérennès, dans un entre-deux-guerres où les collectes connaissent un net ralentissement et où la participation de l’abbé Falc’hun à la mission de folklore musical de 1939 demeure sans lendemain. Après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, les religieux ne semblent guère concernés par un mouvement de collecte d’où – c’est à souligner – les religieuses sont singulièrement absentes !
Félix-Antoine Savard au Québec et en Acadie
Authors: Du Berger Jean 
Published: December 2013

De nos jours, le nom de l’abbé Félix-Antoine Savard (1895-1982) évoque surtout son oeuvre littéraire comme Menaud maître-draveur, L’Abatis ou Le Barachois. À son sujet, Le Petit Robert est laconique : « Prélat et écrivain canadien, d’expression française » (Le Petit Robert 2). Pourtant, avec son collègue et ami, Luc Lacourcière, n’a-t-il pas participé à la fondation des Archives de folklore de l’Université Laval ? Par ailleurs, n’a-t-il pas collaboré aux enquêtes folkloriques au Québec et en Acadie comme en témoigne la référence « Collection Lacourcière-Savard » accompagnant de nombreux documents sonores. Félix-Antoine Savard était-il un folkloriste ? Quel rôle fut le sien dans la collecte où figure son nom ? Quel but comptait-il atteindre en se rendant dans le pays des conteurs et conteuses, des chanteurs et chanteuses ?
Les Amérindiens du Canada vus par les missionnaires oblats bretons (fin xixe-début xxe siècle)
Authors: Gicquel Samuel 
Published: December 2013

Entre 1800 et 1940, 661 prêtres et religieux quittèrent leur Bretagne natale pour le Canada, afin d’évangéliser les Indiens qu’ils appelaient alors « sauvages ». Leurs témoignages et leurs travaux, qui précèdent parfois la venue des premiers ethnologues, sont une source remarquable sur la vie et les coutumes des autochtones. De la simple peinture de moeurs teintée d’exotisme aux savantes études ethnologiques ou linguistiques, la collecte de matière indienne revêt des formes très diverses. La plupart de ces documents ont toutefois un point commun : celui d’avoir été rédigé dans une optique apologétique et missionnaire. Leur lecture et leur analyse permet ainsi de mieux connaître la culture des populations autochtones, mais aussi celle des missionnaires et de leurs lecteurs européens.
Ethnographie au Canada français : l’absence de prêtres collecteurs dans l’Ouest canadien
Authors: Sarny Dominique 
Published: December 2013

Les curés colonisateurs ont dominé dans l’Ouest, plus que les collecteurs auprès des populations canadiennes-françaises et immigrantes, si jamais ils ont existé. Ainsi, les prêtres collecteurs se retrouvent essentiellement, sinon exclusivement, chez les oblats auprès des populations autochtones. « Nous étions trop occupés à survivre pour s’occuper de notre culture », affirme Irène Thomas, l’une de nos informatrices de la Saskatchewan. Peut-on formuler une hypothèse pour expliquer ce manquement ?
Photography and Optical Enhancement of Physical Evidence
Authors: Porter Glenn 
Published: December 2013

AbstractPhotographic and optical enhancement of physical evidence is an important function in criminalistics and provides nondestructive methods of improving the visualization of forensic evidence. The key concepts and techniques involving optical, photographic, and digital imaging techniques are examined in this section. Essential foundation principle required in quality forensic photography such as maintaining the dimensional integrity of evidence and the representation of scale are discussed. Attributes for optical enhancement including the relationship between the spectral distribution of the light source, the spectral properties of the specimen, and spectral sensitivity of the recording media are explained and provide a theoretical basis. Optical enhancement techniques such as absorption, reflection, transmission, and photoluminescence modes are discussed with samples illustrating those optical effects. Digital imaging enhancement techniques to increase the contrast and the modification of color using Adobe Photoshop™ are explained.
Bright Blue and White Electrophosphorescent Triarylboryl‐Functionalized C^N‐Chelate Pt(II) Compounds: Impact of Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonds and Ancillary Ligands
Authors: Wang Xiang , Chang Yi‐Lu , Lu Jia‐Sheng , Zhang T. , Lu Zheng‐Hong , Wang Suning 
Published: December 2013

New blue and blue‐green phosphorescent C^N chelate Pt(II) compounds that contain a dimesitylboryl‐functionalized phenyl‐1,2,3‐triazole ligand (Bptrz) are synthesized. The influence of three different ancillary ligands, namely acetylacetonato (acac), picolinate (pic) and pyridyl‐1,2,4‐triazolyl (pytrz), on phosphorescence quantum efficiency and excimer emission is examined. Pt(II) compounds with a p‐Bptrz ligand consistently emit a blue‐green color with an emission wavelength = 490–500 nm while those with a m‐Bptrz ligand emit a blue color with λem = 450–460 nm and a quantum efficiency as high as 0.97. In addition to the blue monomer emission peak, Pt(m‐Bptrz)(pytrz) compounds display an excimer emission peak at ∼550 nm in a solid matrix whose intensity is dependent on the substituent group on pytrz and the doping concentration. As a result of the monomer and excimer emission, bright white phosphorescence is observed for several members of Pt(m‐Bptrz)(pytrz) compounds. Intramolecular CH···N hydrogen bonds are found to play an important role in the high stability and high phosphorescent quantum efficiency of Pt(m‐Bptrz)(pytrz) compounds. Single‐dopant blue and white electrophosphorescent devices using Pt(m‐Bptrz)(CF3‐pytrz‐Me) or Pt(m‐Bptrz)(t‐Bu‐pytrz‐Me) as the emitter are successfully fabricated. White electroluminesence devices with external quantum efficiency of 15.6% and CIE (xy) of 0.31, 0.44 are achieved.
Stature in Holocene foragers of North India
Authors: Lukacs John R. , Pal J.N. , Nelson Greg C. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe Ganga Plain of North India provides an archaeological and skeletal record of semi‐nomadic Holocene foragers in association with an aceramic Mesolithic culture. Prior estimates of stature for Mesolithic Lake Cultures (MLC) used inappropriate equations from an American White reference group and need revision. Attention is given to intralimb body proportions and geo‐climatic provenance of MLC series in considering the most suitable reference population. Regression equations from ancient Egyptians are used in reconstructing stature for MLC skeletal series from Damdama (DDM), Mahadaha (MDH), and Sarai Nahar Rai (SNR). Mean stature is estimated at between 174 (MDH) and 178 cm (DDM and SNR) for males, and between 163 cm (MDH) and 179 cm (SNR) for females. Stature estimates based on ancient Egyptian equations are significantly shorter (from 3.5 to 7.1 cm shorter in males; from 3.2 to 7.5 cm shorter in females) than estimates using the American White reference group. Revised stature estimates from tibia length and from femur + tibia more accurately estimate MLC stature for two reasons: a) these elements are highly correlated with stature and have lower standard estimates of error, and b) uncertainty regarding methods of measuring tibia length is avoided. When compared with Holocene samples of native Americans and Mesolithic Europeans, MLC series from North India are tall. This aspect of their biological variation confirms earlier assessments and results from the synergistic influence of balanced nutrition from broad‐spectrum foraging, body‐proportions adapted to a seasonally hot and arid climate, and the functional demands of a mobile, semi‐nomadic life‐style. Am J Phys Anthropol 153:408–416, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Direkter spektroskopischer Nachweis spezifischer Orientierungen freier OH‐Gruppen in Methyllactat‐(Wasser)1,2‐Clustern: Hydratation eines chiralen Hydroxyesters
Authors: Thomas Javix , Sukhorukov Oleksandr , Jäger Wolfgang , Xu Yunjie 
Published: December 2013

AbstractDie Hydratation chiraler Moleküle ist von aktuellem Interesse, vor allem im Hinblick auf kürzliche experimentelle Beobachtungen von Chiralitätstransfers von gelösten chiralen Molekülen auf Wasser und die wichtige Rolle von Wasser in biologischen Vorgängen. Mit Breitband‐Chirppuls‐ und Resonator‐Mikrowellenspektroskopie konnten wir spektrale Signaturen der Mono‐ und Dihydrate von Methyllactat, einem chiralen Hydroxyester, beobachten. Überraschenderweise zeigen diese kleinen Hydratcluster spezielle Bindungspräferenzen. Sie bevorzugen nicht nur die Insertions‐Topologie von H‐Brücken, sondern auch spezielle Orientierungen ihrer nicht durch H‐Brücken gebundenen Hydroxygruppen. Wir beobachteten ferner, dass das spektroskopisch identifizierte Dihydrat‐Konformer nicht das am stabilsten vorhergesagte Konformer ist. Diese Arbeit unterstreicht die überlegenen Möglichkeiten hochauflösender Spektroskopie, um spezifische Topologien von Wasserbindungen zu identifizieren und quantitative Daten zur Überprüfung von Theorien auf aktuellem Stand der Forschung zu liefern.
Chitosan/MWCNTs‐decorated with silver nanoparticle composites: Dielectric and antibacterial characterization
Authors: Hernández‐Vargas Julia , González‐Campos J. Betzabe , Lara‐Romero Javier , Prokhorov E. , Luna‐Bárcenas Gabriel , Aviña‐Verduzco Judit A. , González‐Hernández Juan Carlos 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTThe dielectric and biological properties of chitosan (CTS)‐based nanocomposites were analyzed by dielectric spectroscopy, and antibacterial and antifungal assays. Carbon nanotubes (CNT) and CNT decorated with silver nanoparticles (AgnP) were incorporated into a CTS matrix at different concentrations to obtain bionanocomposite thin films. The conductivity of pristine CTS is considerably enhanced, by six orders of magnitude, with the inclusion of CNT; however, with the addition of CNT decorated with AgnP it only increases by two orders of magnitude because of strong chemical interactions between the CNT and AgnP that also affect the antibacterial activity of the composite. The percolation threshold in the CTS/CNT composites is ca. 1.3 wt %, while in CTS/CNT‐AgnP composites the strong CNT‐AgnP chemical interactions give a percolation threshold of ca. 2.2 wt % of CNT‐AgnP. In both cases, DC conductivity exhibits a three‐dimensional hopping conductivity, and the σ‐ and α‐relaxation processes are disclosed in agreement with the pristine CTS relaxation processes previously reported; however, these two relaxations vanish in the vicinity of the saturation concentration. Finally, the antifungal activity of the CTS/CNT‐AgnP composites is comparable with the activity of other composites, while their antibacterial activity seems to be competitive with respect to commercial antibiotics, indicating the effectiveness of these composites in potential hygienic applications. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40214.
Sustainable Development and Business Models of Entrepreneurs in the Organic Food Industry
Authors: Jolink Albert , Niesten Eva 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe business case for a sustainable firm, in particular the business case for new entrepreneurial initiatives responding to environmental demands, is increasingly receiving attention from practitioners and scholars. This article contributes to existing literature on business models, sustainable development and entrepreneurship, by applying components of business models to the practices of entrepreneurs that have a goal of environmental sustainability and a focus on the mass market (i.e. ecopreneurs). We define the ecopreneurial business model and specify four varieties of this business model, which consist of different combinations of environmental scope and a focus on the mass market and profitability. The distinguishing factor of the ecopreneurial business model is that it transforms disvalue into value, thereby creating greater customer value for environmentally concerned consumers. The results are based on a substantial set of interviews among ecopreneurs in the organic food and beverage industry in the Netherlands. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
From Waste Biomass to Solid Support: Lignosulfonate as a Cost‐Effective and Renewable Supporting Material for Catalysis
Authors: Sun Shaohuan , Bai Rongxian , Gu Yanlong 
Published: December 2013

AbstractLignosulfonate (LS) is an organic waste generated as a byproduct of the cooking process in sulfite pulping in the manufacture of paper. In this paper, LS was used as an anionic supporting material for immobilizing cationic species, which can then be used as heterogeneous catalysts in some organic transformations. With this strategy, three lignin‐supported catalysts were prepared including 1) lignin‐SO3Sc(OTf)2, 2) lignin‐SO3Cu(OTf), and 3) lignin‐IL@NH2 (IL=ionic liquid). These solid materials were then examined in many organic transformations. It was finally found that, compared with its homogeneous counterpart as well as some other solid catalysts that are prepared by using different supports with the same metal or catalytically active species, the lignin‐supported catalysts showed better performance in these reactions not only in terms of activity but also with regard to recyclability.
In Situ Growth of Hierarchical SnO2 Nanosheet Arrays on 3D Macroporous Substrates as High‐Performance Electrodes
Authors: Zhao Xinyu , Liu Bing , Hu Changwen , Cao Minhua 
Published: December 2013

AbstractFinding out how to overcome the self‐aggregation of nanostructured electrode materials is a very important issue in lithium‐ion battery technology. Herein, by an in situ construction strategy, hierarchical SnO2 nanosheet architectures have been fabricated on a three‐dimensional macroporous substrate, and thus the aggregation of the SnO2 nanosheets was effectively prevented. The as‐prepared hierarchical SnO2 nanoarchitectures on the nickel foam can be directly used as an integrated anode for lithium‐ion batteries without the addition of other ancillary materials such as carbon black or binder. In view of their apparent advantages, such as high electroactive surface area, ultrathin sheet, robust mechanical strength, shorter ion and electron transport path, and the specific macroporous structure, the hierarchical SnO2 nanosheets exhibit excellent lithium‐storage performance. Our present growth approach offers a new technique for the design and synthesis of metal oxide hierarchical nanoarrays that are promising for electrochemical energy‐storage electrodes without carbon black and binder.
Aerobic Oxidative Coupling of Resveratrol and its Analogues by Visible Light Using Mesoporous Graphitic Carbon Nitride (mpg‐C3N4) as a Bioinspired Catalyst
Authors: Song Tao , Zhou Bo , Peng Guang‐Wei , Zhang Qing‐Bao , Wu Li‐Zhu , Liu Qiang , Wang Yong 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe first aerobic oxidative coupling of resveratrol and its analogues by mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride as a bioinspired catalyst with visible light has been developed. With this method, δ‐viniferin and its analogues were synthesized in moderate to high yield. The metal‐free conditions, visible‐light irradiation, and the ideal oxidant, molecular oxygen, make this coupling reaction environmental friendly and practical.
Recombination in Dense Ion Plasmas
Authors: Lankin A. , Norman G. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractA theory is developed to treat ion recombination in dense ion plasmas. Numerical results are obtained with the method of molecular dynamics. Exponential suppression of recombination is found for the discharge afterglow plasma in sulfur hexafluoride at strong Coulomb nonideality Γ. The reason for suppression is an increase of the recombination activation energy ΔE with increase of Γ. The range ΔE corresponds to the multiparticle fluctuations. Ion solvation is another suppression factor. Its importance is demonstrated for the discharge afterglow plasma in fluorine at weak Coulomb nonideality. The theory developed agrees with the experimental data available. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)