bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Composition optimization of (Hf, Ta, Zr, Cr)C high‐entropy carbides for good oxidation resistance
Authors: Yang Shuaijun , Wang Mei , Lv Yetong , Sheng Huilin , Qin Yexia 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOxidation resistance is crucial to the potential applications of high‐entropy carbides (HECs) at elevated temperatures. Here, we realize the exploration of (Hf, Ta, Zr, Cr)C high‐entropy carbides (HEC‐TM, TM = Hf, Zr, Ta, and Cr) with good oxidation resistance by optimizing their compositions. To be specific, 21 kinds of HEC‐xTM (x = 0–25 mol%) samples are fabricated by a high‐throughput ultrafast high‐temperature sintering technique, followed by oxidation testing at 1673 K for 30 min. Among all the HEC samples, the as‐fabricated HEC‐0Zr samples are proved to possess the best oxidation resistance with an oxidation depth of only 53 µm. Further study on isothermal oxidation kinetics demonstrates that the as‐fabricated HEC‐0Zr samples follow a linear oxidation law. The good oxidation resistance of the as‐fabricated HEC‐0Zr samples is believed to result from the (Ta, Me)2O5 phase with a low melting point, which can promote the densification of the oxide layer. This research opens up a new way for efficiently discovering new HECs for extreme applications.
Bifurcating and balancing: Language teachers’ emotion regulation motives and professional identity construction in cross‐cultural contexts
Authors: Han Jiying , Zhuang Haoyu , Yin Hongbiao , Cai Yan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study investigated language teachers’ emotion regulation motives (ERMs) and their identity construction in cross‐cultural contexts. Drawing upon qualitative data about eight Chinese as a second language teachers for international students through semi‐structured interviews, classroom observation, and document collection, the study identified three overarching motives and six identities of language teachers: teacher as instructor and disciplinarian who regulated emotions for improving teaching effectiveness, teacher as caregiver and observer who regulated emotions for navigating teacher–student relationships, and teacher as mediator and defender who regulated emotions for reconciling cultural differences. These findings revealed the multifaceted, discipline‐specific, and contradictory nature of language teachers’ ERMs and reflected their balancing of sub‐identities to construct their professional identities in cross‐cultural contexts.
Opportunities and challenges of hybrid meat products: a viewpoint article
Authors: Grasso Simona 
Published: August 2024

SummaryHybrid foods are made by blending animal‐based and plant‐based ingredients to make food products that are similar to the 100% animal‐based ones. Examples include hybrid meat products such as burgers or minced meat with vegetables or more recently hybrid dairy products such as cheddar cheese with oats. While hybrid meat products have been launched in several countries by both retailers and foodservice outlets, there are very few examples of hybrid meat products still available in the market, such as hybrid nuggets targeting children and hybrid minced meat products. This short viewpoint article covers some of the possible reasons this might be happening, presents examples of successful hybrid food products, discusses the importance of sustainability claims and the potential of hybrid meals.
The effect of the COVID‐19 pandemic lockdown on the distribution of fat tissue and skinfold thickness in adolescents from Kraków (Poland)
Authors: Artymiak Paulina , Żegleń Magdalena , Kryst Łukasz 
Published: August 2024

SummaryBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic has significantly changed the lifestyle and dietary habits of societies worldwide. The aim of the study was to assess changes in the distribution of fat tissue and skinfold thickness in adolescents (aged 11–15) from Kraków during the COVID‐19 pandemic period.MethodsTwo cross‐sectional studies conducted in 2020 and 2022 (before and after the pandemic) involved 1662 adolescents from the Kraków population. Skinfold thickness measurements were taken. The trunk adiposity index, limbs‐to‐trunk fat ratio and limbs‐to‐total skinfold ratio were calculated. Statistical analysis employed a two‐way ANOVA, Tukey's HSD test and the Kruskal–Wallis test, depending on the normality of the distribution.ResultsHigher skinfold thicknesses were observed in the majority of age groups in both sexes from the 2022 cohort in comparison with the 2020 cohort. Additionally, higher values of the trunk adiposity index and the limbs‐to‐total skinfold ratio in most age groups were observed. However, an inverse trend was observed in the limbs‐to‐trunk fat radio.ConclusionsThe introduced restrictions such as lockdown, remote learning, reduced physical activity and changes in dietary habits could have influenced the distribution of fat tissue and skinfold thickness amongst adolescents from Kraków.
Cryptic species diversity and contrasting climate profiles in Aotearoa New Zealand, egg‐laying and live‐bearing velvet worms (Onychophora, Peripatopsidae: Ooperipatellus and Peripatoides)
Authors: Lord Arianna , Buckley Thomas R. , Gleeson Dianne M. , Giribet Gonzalo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAotearoa (New Zealand) is a biodiversity hotspot for temperate invertebrate taxa and home to high levels of endemicity. However, our knowledge of species‐level diversity and phylogeny of endemic New Zealand Onychophora (velvet worms) is at present limited. Here, we use mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) barcoding to assess the extent of species diversity for the two velvet worm genera found in New Zealand, the ovoviviparous and endemic Peripatoides and the oviparous Ooperipatellus, found in Australia and New Zealand. Our results reveal that the estimated number of species of both genera in New Zealand is greater than currently described. We estimate there are between 13 and 67 species of Peripatoides and between 16 and 21 species of Ooperipatellus endemic to New Zealand. This is a stark increase from the two currently described New Zealand species of Ooperipatellus and previous work that has identified 10 species within Peripatoides. Our exploration of climatic variables shows that individuals of Ooperipatellus are predominantly found in wet, cool environments and Peripatoides are found across relatively drier, warmer habitats. We also generate ecological niche models to provide initial predictions of the distribution of climatically suitable habitats for each genus across New Zealand.
Bifunctional MnCo2Se4 nano‐cubes directly grown on nickel foam for effective water oxidation
Authors: Shah Syed Imran Abbas , Jabbour Karam , Bano Nigarish , Rehman Muhammad Yousaf Ur , Alshgari Razan A. , Ehsan Muhammad Fahad 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGreen and sustainable energy alternatives to replace fossil fuels are a topic of research in scientific community, thus yielding pursuit of advancing renewable energy systems with hydrogen emerging as a suitable and viable alternative. Efficient and non‐precious metal catalysts are crucial for large‐scale electrochemical water splitting yielding clean H2. Here, a novel two‐step hydrothermal synthesis approach to fabricate manganese–cobalt selenide nano‐cubes grown directly on nickel foam (NF) (MnCo2Se4/NF) is adopted. Leveraging its hierarchically structured architecture, augmented active sites, and electrochemically active surface area, MnCo2Se4/NF material demonstrates exceptional electrocatalytic performance for both water oxidation and reduction. With an overpotential of 233 mV for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and 187 mV for hydrogen evolution reaction at a current density of 10 mA/cm2, MnCo2Se4/NF also exhibits a Tafel slope of 44 mV/dec for sluggish OER process. Notably, this nanocrystalline catalyst displays enhanced catalytic activity under alkaline conditions, accelerates water dissociation, and maintains good stability over 50 h. Outperforming state‐of‐the‐art RuO2, particularly in two‐electrode assemblies with an overpotential of 218 mV at 10 mA/cm2, this work offers a promising pathway for designing and manufacturing of innovative bifunctional electrocatalysts for efficient water splitting processes, thereby contributing to broader goal of sustainable energy production.
Magneto‐optical effect of rare‐earth‐rich borate glasses prepared using a levitation technique
Authors: Sasaki Shunta , Tanaka Katsuhisa , Masuno Atsunobu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe magneto‐optical properties of rare‐earth‐rich borate glasses prepared using a levitation technique were thoroughly investigated. Among the series of rare‐earth borate glasses, Tb2O3–B2O3 and Dy2O3–B2O3 glasses displayed remarkably large Faraday effects in the visible region. The Verdet constant of 58Tb2O3–42B2O3 reached −229 rad/T·m at 633 nm, surpassing the value of commercially available single‐crystalline Tb3Ga5O12. Compositions with a higher rare‐earth oxide content (60 mol%) than that of binary glasses facilitated the successful synthesis of Tb2O3–Dy2O3–B2O3 ternary glasses. The Verdet constant linearly increased with increasing Tb2O3 content for the glasses with 40 mol% B2O3. Results indicate that rare‐earth‐rich borate glasses are promising candidates for magneto‐optical applications in the visible region, and that the types and amounts of rare‐earth ion mainly affect these properties.
How are medical students learning to care for patients with intellectual disabilities? A scoping review
Authors: Anderson Hana , Studer Amy C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with intellectual disabilities experience barriers to quality healthcare. To reduce this disparity, equipping medical trainees with the knowledge and skills required for treating this patient population is critical. Our aim is to describe the breadth of instructional interventions and identify gaps in intellectual disability medical education curricula.MethodUsing scoping review methods, the intellectual disability programmes described in 27 articles were evaluated and their coverage of the six core competencies on disability for health care education was examined.ResultsThe most frequently represented core competencies were disability conceptual frameworks, professionalism and communication, and clinical assessment, which were, in most programmes, fulfilled by activities involving individuals with intellectual disabilities. Uneven competency coverage warrants consideration.ConclusionsConsiderable variabilities exist in medical school curricula on intellectual disabilities. Using core competencies on disability for health care education for curricular design and evaluation would provide a coherent training experience in this important area.
Dynamic competition for customer memberships
Authors: Chica Cristian , Jimenez‐Cardenas Julian , Tamayo Jorge 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper analyzes a two‐period membership market with two symmetric firms charging a membership fee, allowing consumers to buy products or services at a given price. Firms can offer short‐term (ST) or long‐term (LT) memberships. When firms employ LT memberships, they have incentives to prevent their old customers from being poached by competitors and price‐discriminate them based on purchase behavior. Conversely, ST memberships lead to no unit price discrimination for old customers, but instead, they lead to membership fee discrimination, increasing the share of switchers. We find that, under general assumptions, ST memberships are offered in equilibrium. This result is robust to various extensions, including switching coupons or discounts, naive consumers, sunk costs, and asymmetric differentiation parameters. We find that firms are indifferent between ST and LT memberships only when the customer's switching coupon or discount is high relative to the transportation cost.
Diet variation and trophic impact of weakfish, Cynoscion regalis, within multiple marine habitats of the eastern United States
Authors: Reyes Delgado Angel , Smith Brian E. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWeakfish (Cynoscion regalis) is not federally managed but feeds on species of management and ecological interest. We examined the trophic ecology of weakfish in Chesapeake Bay and the coastal and offshore waters of the eastern United States. For these areas, we determined the dominant prey of weakfish; identified how much diet variation was explained by the factors: season, size class, and year; and quantified prey biomass removed by weakfish from 2007 to 2019. In general, diet composition was mostly dominated by Engraulidae, Osteichthyes (bony fishes), and Mysidacea, and significantly varied by season and size class in Chesapeake Bay and coastal waters, although this was less dramatic in Chesapeake Bay. The total amount of variance explained by the three factors was 23.1% (Chesapeake Bay) and 14.7% (coastal waters), with year not being a significant factor in explaining weakfish diet variation for these areas. Weakfish total prey biomass removal occurred primarily in coastal waters in the fall and small size class (annual mean: approximately 41,038 t; maximum: approximately 63,793 t). Highly opportunistic feeders, weakfish cannibalism also played an essential part of their diet. These results have implications for fisheries and ecosystem management of weakfish when considering ecological interactions in regulatory approaches, such as recruitment and cannibalism, competition with federally managed fishes, and the natural mortality of their prey.
Prevalence and incidence of pressure injuries among nursing home residents with darker skin tones: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Sugathapala R. D. Udeshika Priyadarshani , Latimer Sharon , Gillespie Brigid M. , Balasuriya Aindralal , Chaboyer Wendy 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimTo measure the prevalence and incidence of nursing home‐acquired pressure injuries in older adults residing in Sri Lankan nursing homes.BackgroundPressure injury prevalence and incidence are indicators of safety and quality of care. A significant portion of the global population has a skin color dominated by the presence of melanin. Yet, the number of nursing home residents with darker skin tones who develop pressure injuries in nursing homes is relatively unknown.DesignProspective multisite cohort study conducted in nine nursing homes in Sri Lanka. The sample comprised 210 residents aged ≥60 years old.MethodsSemi structured observations and chart audits were used to gather data from July to October 2023. Head‐to‐toe visual skin assessment to check for nursing home‐ acquired pressure injuries, Braden pressure injury risk scale and Fitzpatrick skin tone assessments were conducted on all recruited residents at baseline. All recruited residents were followed‐up weekly for 12 weeks until detection of a new pressure injury, death, discharge, or transfer.ResultsPressure injury point prevalence at baseline was 8.1% (17/210). Cumulative incidence was 17.1% (36/210). Incidence density was 15.8 per 1000 resident weeks. Most nursing home‐acquired pressure injuries were located on the ankle at baseline (29.4%; 5/17) and in the follow‐up period (27.8%; 10/36). Stage I pressure injuries were most common: 58.8% (10/17) and 44.4% (16/36) at baseline and during follow‐up respectively.ConclusionsAbout one in six nursing home residents developed a new pressure injury over the 12‐week follow‐up period. Despite staff and resource constraints, there remains a need to focus on the prevention of pressure injuries in Sri Lankan nursing homes.Clinical RelevanceStudies on the burden of pressure injuries among darker skin tone nursing home residents are lacking and the current evidence available are predominantly from Western countries. The findings of this study highlight the need of targeted preventive measures for nursing home residents with darker skin tones.
Who rents out the land? Agrarian capital accumulation and lessor landowners in South America: The case of Uruguay
Authors: Oyhantçabal Benelli Gabriel , Figueredo Soledad , Sabia Lucía , Nuñez Verónica 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis article studies the connections between lessor landowners, land grabbing and land financialization in contemporary capital accumulation. Drawing upon extensive empirical research conducted in Uruguay, which combined database analysis and in‐depth interviews, the paper provides key insights to understand why land leasing has become a central strategy of ground rent appropriation among different types of landowners at the beginning of the 21st century. Our main results show that the leasing strategy is a combination of tenant‐capitalists' expansion, social differentiation and demographic processes of the small landowning capitals displaced from production that rent out their lands, the process of land financialization through large institutional investors, which deploy a land banking strategy, and the optimization of land exploitation among landowner‐capitalists. Moreover, our results highlight the importance of prioritising the study of landowners as a class in itself and the different forms of ground rent appropriation.
Follicular unit extraction combined with fractional carbon dioxide laser therapy for post‐traumatic eyebrow scar with defects: A prospective and comparative study
Authors: Xue Ping , Yang Qing , Guo Lei , Yin Yue , Dou Wenjie , Li Tong , Zeng Xianhui , Song Baoqiang , Fan Xing 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundEyebrows play a crucial role in the human body. While Follicular Unit Extraction (FUE) is a widely utilized and highly effective treatment for typical eyebrow deficiencies, it may not yield satisfactory outcomes for patients with post‐traumatic eyebrow scars and defects.ObjectiveA prospective comparative clinical study was conducted to explore the treatment outcomes of post‐traumatic eyebrow scars accompanied by defects using a combination of ablative fractional CO2 laser therapy with FUE.MethodBetween January 2019 and January 2023, we enrolled 30 patients with post‐traumatic eyebrow scars and accompanying eyebrow defects, randomly assigning them to experimental and control groups. Patients in the control group received FUE treatment exclusively, whereas patients in the experimental group underwent CO2 fractional laser therapy on the eyebrow scars prior to FUE treatment. Alongside the patients' baseline data and the quantity of transplanted follicular units during surgery, we will compare the follicular survival rates between the two groups at 6 and 12 months post‐treatment.ResultsPrior to FUE, there were no notable variances in baseline data between the two‐patient groups. At 6 and 12 months postoperatively, the follicular survival rate in the experimental group was significantly higher compared to the control group. Additionally, patients in the control group were more prone to experiencing postoperative asymmetry between their eyebrows and developing curly hair.ConclusionFor patients with post‐traumatic eyebrow scars accompanied by eyebrow defects, we applied ablative fractional CO2 laser therapy in combination with FUE treatment. This approach not only resulted in a higher follicular survival rate postoperatively but also led to the achievement of a well‐defined eyebrow shape.
Sociological and Political Origins in IBN Khaldun's State Theory
Authors: Demirel Demokaan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEven after centuries, the social and political insights of Islamic scholar Ibn Khaldun remain pertinent. The most important concepts in state theory are social interactions and classifications. Khaldun used sociological deductions to evaluate how society and the state have changed. He linked the transformation of the Badavi social structure to the Hadari society's economic structure through Alm Al‐Umran. In Badavi Alm Al‐Umran, a particular chief's leadership is the cornerstone of governance, and a strong sense of unity and brotherhood prevails. From a social, cultural, and economic perspective, Badavi society is less developed than Hadari society. The reason Asabiyyahh and the lineage Asabiyyahh are two types of Asabiyyahh that serve as the cornerstone of state theory. While the reason Asabiyyahh is based on a country's shared language, history, culture, and physical location, the lineage Asabiyyahh is based on ancestry. Asabiyyahh is crucial to the maintaining and preserving of social ties. According to the organismic perspective of society, which views the social structure as a living organism, a reduction in economic and social upheaval signals the implosion of the condition. The fundamental dynamic that provides political legitimacy is the Asabiyyahh dynamic, which creates the social substructure of the state system. This study aims to assess the scientific concept of umran and the political idea of asabiyyahh, which are the foundations of Khaldun's state theory. Umran is a social phenomenon. This study applies the literature review approach to analyze Khaldun's state theory, paying particular attention to its political and administrative aspects. The political and administrative aspects of Khaldun's state theory are examined in this study using a literature review approach, focusing on how social structure integration or loosening affects the political structure.
Mapping stroke outcomes: A review of brain connectivity atlases
Authors: Karnadipa Triana , Chong Benjamin , Shim Vickie , Fernandez Justin , Lin David J. , Wang Alan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe brain connectivity‐based atlas is a promising tool for understanding neural communication pathways in the brain, gaining relevance in predicting personalized outcomes for various brain pathologies. This critical review examines the robustness of the brain connectivity‐based atlas for predicting post‐stroke outcomes. A comprehensive literature search was conducted from 2012 to May 2023 across PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, EBSCOhost, and Medline databases. Twenty‐one studies were screened, and through analysis of these studies, we identified 18 brain connectivity atlases employed by the studies for lesion analysis in their predictions. The brain atlases were assessed for study cohorts, connectivity measures, identified brain regions, atlas applications, and limitations. Based on the analysis of these studies, most atlases were based on diffusion tensor imaging and resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Studies predicting post‐stroke functional outcomes relied on the atlases for multivariate lesion analysis and region of interest identification, often employing atlases derived from young, healthy populations. Current brain connectivity‐based atlases for stroke applications lack standardized methods to define and map brain connectivity across atlases and cover sensorimotor functional connectivity to a limited extent. In conclusion, this review highlights the need to develop more comprehensive, robust, and adaptable brain connectivity‐based atlases specifically tailored to post‐stroke populations.