bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Usefulness of contrast‐enhanced ultrasound with Sonazoid for evaluating liver abscess in comparison with conventional B‐mode ultrasound
Authors: Kishina Manabu , Koda Masahiko , Tokunaga Shiho , Miyoshi Kennichi , Fujise Yuki , Kato Jun , Matono Tomomitsu , Sugihara Takaaki , Murawaki Yoshikazu 
Published: April 2014

AimThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) with Sonazoid (perfluorobutane) in patients with liver abscess. Sonazoid is a contrast agent with a low mechanical index and is phagocytosed by Kupffer cells.MethodsTwenty‐two patients with liver abscess were evaluated with conventional US, real‐time CEUS with Sonazoid, and enhanced computed tomography (CT). After 0.5 mL of Sonazoid was administrated i.v., CEUS images in the vascular and post‐vascular phases were observed.ResultsConventional US showed hypoechoic lesions in 13 (59.1%), isoechoic in four (18.2%), hyperechoic in two (9.1%), mixed echoic in two (9.1%) and undetected in one (4.8%) patient. CEUS showed perilesional enhancement in 19 (86.4%) lesions in the vascular phase and well‐defined unenhanced areas in 22 (100%) lesions in the post‐vascular phase. CEUS revealed that 18 abscesses were cystic type and three were honeycomb type. Twenty‐one abscesses (95.5%) had clearer appearances on CEUS than on conventional US in regard to the extent of necrotic or liquefied lesions seen. We could confirm reduction of the lesions after therapy in 13 (92.9%) of 14 patients followed up by CEUS.ConclusionMost of the liver abscesses showed perilesional enhancement in the vascular phase and unenhanced areas in the post‐vascular phase. The appearance of liver abscesses was clearer on CEUS than on conventional US. CEUS with Sonazoid can be a more effective diagnostic and therapeutic tool for liver abscess.
Family–clinician interactions in children's health services: a secondary analysis of occupational therapists' practice descriptions
Authors: McAnuff Jennifer , Boyes Chris , Kolehmainen Niina 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundEffective family–clinician interactions are important for good health outcomes. Two types of interactions are consistently recommended: relational (e.g. listening, empathy, and respect) and participatory (e.g. shared decision‐making, planning and problem‐solving), but there is little specific guidance on how to implement these interactions in practice.ObjectiveTo identify specific, practice‐based examples of relational and participatory family–clinician interactions in children's occupational therapy.DesignA qualitative secondary analysis was used. The data consisted of a list of occupational therapists' self‐reported practice actions (n = 217) and direct quotes describing their content and context. The practice actions were categorized into a range of relational and participatory family‐centred interactions using a modified framework analysis.ResultsOf the 217 practice actions, the majority [121 (55.76%)] did not describe examples of therapists implementing family–clinician interactions. Of the remaining practice actions, 19 (8.76%) described ‘relational’ interactions (e.g. ‘Listen to carer’, ‘Gather perspectives from others’); 47 (21.66%) described ‘participatory’ interactions (e.g. ‘Identify the family's goals and priorities’, ‘Allow the family to choose’); 2 (0.92%) described both (‘Take guidance from carers’); and 28 (12.9%) were excluded from the analysis.Discussion and conclusionsA range of relational and participatory interactions were identified. Descriptions of participatory interactions were more frequent than descriptions of relational interactions, and overall the therapists described their family–clinician interactions less frequently than their other practice actions. The specific, real‐life examples of different types of interactions identified in the study can be used as a basis for reflection on practice and developing more specific guidance.
User involvement in long‐term care. Towards a relational care‐ethics approach
Authors: Abma Tineke A. , Baur Vivianne E. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundUser involvement in long‐term care has become official policy in many countries. Procedural and managerial approaches to user involvement have numerous shortcomings in long‐term care. What is needed is a different approach that is beneficial and tuned to the needs of clients and professionals.AimThis article presents a care‐ethics approach to involvement. We illustrate this approach and its practical implementation by examining a case example of user involvement in long‐term elderly care.MethodologyThis case example is based on an action research project in a residential care home in the Netherlands. Seven female clients participated in the process, as well as diverse groups of professionals from this residential care home.ResultsThe clients were concerned about meals, and collectively they became empowered and came up with ideas for improving meals. Professionals also shared the clients' experiences with meals, first in homogeneous groups and then in heterogeneous meetings with the client group. This process led to the development of partnership relations between clients and professionals.ConclusionOur findings suggest that a care‐ethics approach to user involvement is a means to increase resident empowerment in long‐term care. Clients and professionals start sharing their experiences and values through dialogue, and they develop mutual trust and openness while doing so.
Anti‐inflammatory effects of glutamine on LPS‐stimulated human dental pulp cells correlate with activation of MKP‐1 and attenuation of the MAPK and NF‐κB pathways
Authors: Kim D.‐S. , Shin M.‐R. , Kim Y.‐S. , Bae W.‐J. , Roh D.‐H. , Hwang Y.‐S. , Kim E.‐C. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAimTo evaluate the anti‐inflammatory effects of glutamine and the underlying signal pathway mechanisms in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated human dental pulp cells (HDPCs).MethodsHuman dental pulp cells were exposed to 10 μg mL−1 LPS and various concentrations of glutamine for 24 h. The production of PGE2 and nitric oxide was determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Griess reagent kit, respectively. Cytokines were examined by ELISA, reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and real‐time PCR. iNOS and COX protein expression as well as signal pathways were accessed by Western blot. The data were analysed by anova with Bonferroni's test (α = 0.05).ResultsGlutamine reduced LPS‐induced iNOS and COX‐2 protein expression as well as production of NO and PGE2 in a dose‐dependent fashion. Additionally, glutamine suppressed the production and mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines including interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), TNF‐α, and IL‐8. Furthermore, glutamine attenuated phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK), p38, c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) and IκB‐α, and nuclear translocation of NF‐kB p65, but enhanced mitogen‐activated protein kinase phosphatase‐1 (MKP‐1) expression in LPS‐treated HDPCs.ConclusionGlutamine exerted an anti‐inflammatory effect via activation of MKP‐1 and inhibition of the NF‐kB and MAPK pathways in LPS‐treated HDPCs.
Fabrication, Mechanical Properties, and Tribological Behaviors of Ti3Al0.8Sn0.4C2 Solid Solution by Two‐Time Hot‐Pressing Method
Authors: Xu Hao , Huang Zhenying , Zhai Hongxiang , Li Mengqi , Liu Xiaohan , Zhou Yang 
Published: April 2014

A nearly pure, dense Ti3Al0.8Sn0.4C2 solid solution bulk has been prepared by two‐time hot‐pressing sintering a purity Ti3Al0.8Sn0.4C2 powders at 1450°C with 30 MPa for 30 min in Ar atmosphere. The Ti3Al0.8Sn0.4C2 powders have been synthesized by sintering a mixture of Ti, Al, Sn, and TiC powders with a molar ratio of 1:0.8:0.4:1.85 at 1450°C for 5 min. The Vickers microhardness and flexural strength of the Ti3Al0.8Sn0.4C2 have been measured to be 3.51 GPa and 620 MPa, respectively. Buckling and kinking of the layered structure as well as grain delamination crack deflection have been extensively observed around indentations and on the fracture surfaces. The tribological behaviors have been investigated by dry sliding a low‐carbon steel disk. Ti3Al0.8Sn0.4C2 bulk has a friction coefficient of 0.3–0.48 and a very low wear rate of 0.4–4.3 × 10−6 mm3/Nm for the test conditions. These tribological properties are attributed to the presence of a compact self‐generating film, which covers uniformly over the friction surface of Ti3Al0.8Sn0.4C2.
Influence of LaMgAl11O19 On Solid Particle Impact Erosion Wear Behavior of 3YSZ Ceramic at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Fang Minghao , Min Xin , Liu Yan'gai , Liu Fengjiao , Tang Chao , Wang Xiaojun , Wu Xiaowen , Huang Zhaohui 
Published: April 2014

To study the improvement in solid particle impact erosion wear resistances of 3 mol% yttria‐stabilized zirconia (3YSZ) ceramic at elevated temperatures up to 1400°C, 2 wt% LaMgA111O19 was added into 3YSZ to prepare LaMgA111O19‐3YSZ ceramic for erosion resistance tests with angular corundum abrasive particles. The testing results show that the volume erosion rates of 3YSZ and LaMgA111O19‐3YSZ ceramic were similar in the temperature range from room temperature to 600°C, then exhibited a sharp increase from 600°C to 1200°C, and dropped again at 1400°C. It was mainly caused by the change in material removal mechanisms from plastic deformation below 600°C to the interaction of transverse cracks in the temperature range from 600°C to 1400°C. The solid particle impact erosion wear properties of 3YSZ ceramic in the temperature range from 600°C to 1400°C were successfully improved by the addition 2 wt% LaMgA111O19 platelets. Comparing with the volume erosion rate of pure 3YSZ ceramic (0.687 mm3/g) at 1200°C, the value of LaMgA111O19‐3YSZ ceramic (0.551 mm3/g) has been decreased by 20%.
An exploration of Australian hospital pharmacists' attitudes to patient safety
Authors: Lalor Daniel J , Chen Timothy F , Walpola Ramesh , George Rachel A , Ashcroft Darren M , Fois Romano A 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Objectives
To explore the attitudes of Australian hospital pharmacists towards patient safety in their work settings.

Methods
A safety climate questionnaire was administered to all 2347 active members of the Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia in 2010. Part of the survey elicited free-text comments about patient safety, error and incident reporting. The comments were subjected to thematic analysis to determine the attitudes held by respondents in relation to patient safety and its quality management in their work settings.

Key findings
Two hundred and ten (210) of 643 survey respondents provided comments on safety and quality issues related to their work settings. The responses contained a number of dominant themes including issues of workforce and working conditions, incident reporting systems, the response when errors occur, the presence or absence of a blame culture, hospital management support for safety initiatives, openness about errors and the value of teamwork. A number of pharmacists described the development of a mature patient-safety culture – one that is open about reporting errors and active in reducing their occurrence. Others described work settings in which a culture of blame persists, stifling error reporting and ultimately compromising patient safety.

Conclusion
Australian hospital pharmacists hold a variety of attitudes that reflect diverse workplace cultures towards patient safety, error and incident reporting. This study has provided an insight into these attitudes and the actions that are needed to improve the patient-safety culture within Australian hospital pharmacy work settings.
Family screening in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is underperformed, but can be improved by a specialised clinic
Authors: Olaussen A. , Beale A. , Macciocca I. , Ellims A. H. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundHypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) causes significant morbidity and sudden death. First‐degree relatives (FDR) of affected patients are at risk due to autosomal dominant inheritance. Guidelines recommend clinical screening, including echocardiography, for all FDR.AimWe sought to determine adherence to these guidelines, and whether a specialised HCM clinic improves screening rates.MethodThis 12‐month prospective follow‐up study obtained family pedigrees from all patients referred to the HCM Clinic @ The Alfred. The number of living FDR was determined, and whether they had previously been assessed by echocardiography. One year after a coordinated clinic‐based family screening approach was instituted, the number of additionally screened FDR was recorded.ResultsThree hundred and eight living FDR of 61 HCM patients were identified. Of these, echocardiography had previously been performed in only 80 (26%), yielding 13 (16%) additional cases of HCM. Twelve months after attendance at our clinic, 51 additional FDR were screened (64% improvement) and 8 new cases of HCM were identified.ConclusionsRecommended family screening for HCM is underperformed, resulting in missed opportunities to detect subclinical HCM. A coordinated approach through a specialised HCM clinic improves screening rates, thus referral to such a service should be considered for all patients with HCM and their families.
Calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II regulates cyclooxygenase‐2 expression and prostaglandin E2 production by activating cAMP‐response element‐binding protein in rat peritoneal macrophages
Authors: Zhou Xueyuan , Li Junying , Yang Wenxiu 
Published: April 2014

SummaryProstaglandin E2 (PGE2) is an important inducer of inflammation, which is also closely linked to the progress of tumours. In macrophages, PGE2 production is regulated by arachidonic acid release and cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) expression. In the present study, we found that COX‐2 expression can be achieved by activating Ca2+/Calmodulin (CaM)‐dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and cAMP‐response element‐binding protein (CREB) in rat peritoneal macrophages. Our results indicated that lipopolysaccharide and PMA could elicit the transient increase of the concentration of intracellular free calcium ions ([Ca2+]i), which induced activation of CaMKs with the presence of CaM. The subtype of CaMKs, CaMKII, then triggered the activation of CREB, which elevated COX‐2 expression and PGE2 production in a chronological order. These results suggested that Ca2+/CaM‐dependent CaMKII plays an important role in mediating COX‐2 expression and PGE2 production by activating CREB in macrophages. The study also provides more useful information to clarify the mechanism of calcium regulation of PGE2 production, which plays an essential role in inflammation and cancers.
Fc receptor is not required for inducing antibodies but plays a critical role in conferring protection after influenza M2 vaccination
Authors: Lee Yu‐Na , Lee Young‐Tae , Kim Min‐Chul , Hwang Hye Suk , Lee Jong Seok , Kim Ki‐Hye , Kang Sang‐Moo 
Published: April 2014

SummaryThe ectodomain of matrix protein 2 (M2e) of influenza virus is considered a rational target for a universal influenza A vaccine. To better understand M2e immune‐mediated protection, Fc receptor common γ chain deficient (FcRγ−/−) and wild‐type mice were immunized with a tandem repeat of M2e presented on virus‐like particles (M2e5x VLP). Levels of M2e‐specific antibodies that were induced in FcRγ−/− mice after immunization with M2e5x VLP were similar to those in wild‐type mice. In addition, M2e antibodies induced in FcRγ−/− mice were found to be equally protective as those induced in wild‐type mice. However, M2e5x VLP‐immunized FcRγ−/− mice were not well protected, as shown by severe weight loss, higher lung viral titres and interleukin‐6 inflammatory cytokine production upon influenza virus challenge compared with M2e5x VLP‐immunized wild‐type mice. Importantly, FcRγ−/− mice that were immunized with inactivated influenza virus induced haemagglutination inhibition activity and were well protected without a significant weight loss. Interestingly, interferon‐γ‐producing CD4 T and CD8 T cells were found to be prevalent in lungs from M2e5x VLP‐immunized FcRγ−/− mice, which appeared to be correlated with a faster recovery after infection. These results indicate that Fc receptors play a primary role in conferring M2e‐specific antibody‐mediated protection whereas T cells may contribute to the recovery at later stages of infection.
L'OIT et le droit de grève
Authors: BELLACE Janice R. 
Published: April 2014

Résumé.Selon l'auteure, la contestation en juin 2012 par le groupe des employeurs de l'OIT du point de vue jusque‐là généralement accepté sur l'exercice du droit de grève en vertu de la convention (n° 87) sur la liberté syndicale et la protection du droit syndical, 1948, méconnaît l'appréhension historique du cadre dans lequel s'inscrit cette convention. Elle montre que les mandants de l'OIT ont en permanence reconnu l'existence d'un droit positif de grève, qui est indissolublement lié au droit de liberté syndicale, et en est un corollaire incontournable. L'auteure analyse aussi le rôle des organes de contrôle de l'OIT en la matière.
Fuites, droit et liberté d'expression: la loi peut‐elle promouvoir les dénonciations dans l'intérêt général?
Authors: FASTERLING Björn , LEWIS David 
Published: April 2014

Résumé.Les auteurs examinent la différence entre fuites et alertes, ou dénonciations, notamment quant à la protection de leurs initiateurs. A ce propos, ils étudient les dispositions des conventions internationales sur les droits de l'homme et la corruption, ainsi que les textes en vigueur en Allemagne, aux Etats‐Unis, en France et au Royaume‐Uni. Leurs résultats mettent en évidence la complexité et les contradictions des questions en jeu: intérêt général et intérêts individuels, commerciaux et financiers; abus de pouvoir; sécurité et confidentialité face à la communication électronique; place de l'individu dans l'application de la loi; relations d'emploi.
Organiser les aides à domicile immigrés en Israël: la citoyenneté au travail et la voie syndicale
Authors: MUNDLAK Guy , SHAMIR Hila 
Published: April 2014

Résumé.En partant de l'analyse d'une campagne syndicale en Israël, les auteurs examinent la valeur du syndicalisme pour les migrants employés comme aides à domicile. Ils distinguent les syndicats des organisations de la société civile et reconsidèrent les notions fondamentales de l'action collective et la définition du «syndicat», ainsi que les moyens utilisés pour répondre aux difficultés et besoins particuliers de ces travailleurs migrants. Ils concluent que, malgré les nombreux problèmes posés par l'organisation de ces travailleurs et la précarité associée au statut de migrant et au caractère majoritairement féminin des services à la personne, les syndicats contribuent à la constitution d'une citoyenneté au travail, en donnant accès à l'autonomie politique.
La protection des droits acquis des salariés face à l'insolvabilité des sociétés: le cas australien
Authors: ANDERSON Helen 
Published: April 2014

Résumé.En étudiant le cas d'entreprises en Australie dont les salariés ont pu préserver leurs droits acquis lorsque leur société a été mise en liquidation, l'auteure analyse les facteurs ayant contribué à cette issue favorable. En comparant ces cas avec d'autres situations, où les salariés n'ont pas été aussi chanceux, elle montre que la protection efficace des droits des travailleurs résulte souvent d'une association de facteurs: synchronisation des événements, choix stratégiques, approches novatrices, intervention du régulateur, pressions syndicales, opportunisme politique ou heureux concours de circonstances. Quelqu'un, quelque part, a fait les bons choix. L'auteure tire les leçons des cas analysés.
Legislación laboral, participación salarial y desempleo en seis países de la OCDE entre 1970 y 2010
Authors: DEAKIN Simon , MALMBERG Jonas , SARKAR Prabirjit 
Published: April 2014

ResumenLos autores analizan el impacto de la legislación laboral sobre el desempleo y sobre la participación salarial en la renta nacional en Alemania, Estados Unidos, Francia, Japón, Reino Unido y Suecia de 1970 a 2010. Su modelo dinámico de datos de panel estima los efectos a corto y a largo plazo de los cambios normativos. No se observa una relación consistente entre el desempleo y las leyes de protección del empleo, pero estas correlacionan positivamente con la participación salarial. Las leyes sobre tiempo de trabajo y representación colectiva parecen favorecer la eficiencia empresarial y la igualdad de ingresos.
Denuncia de irregularidades, filtraciones y libertad de expresión. Promoción del interés público mediante la legislación
Authors: FASTERLING Björn , LEWIS David 
Published: April 2014

ResumenLos autores analizan las diferencias entre filtración y denuncia de irregularidades, concretamente en relación con la protección de los denunciantes. Examinan el marco normativo internacional y comparan los ordenamientos de Alemania, Estados Unidos, Francia y Reino Unido. Señalan la importancia de considerar las garantías constitucionales de la libertad de expresión además de la legislación específica sobre denuncia de irregularidades, los conflictos entre el interés público y los intereses empresariales, los problemas de seguridad que plantean los medios electrónicos y la polémica sobre los incentivos económicos mediante los que el Estado alienta al ciudadano a convertirse en garante de la ley denunciando conductas delictivas.
Stories about life narrated by people with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Karlsson Eva , Sävenstedt Stefan , Axelsson Karin , Zingmark Karin 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAimTo explore how people with Alzheimer's disease present their life story.BackgroundLife story work is a key concept in a person‐centred care. An important aspect in understanding the subjective experience and supporting the identity of people with dementia is to listen to their life stories.DesignA narrative design with interviews was used.MethodNine participants with Alzheimer's disease were encouraged to tell about their lives from childhood, adult life, to present life and about their thoughts on the future. The interviews were conducted between September 2010–March 2011 in the participants' homes, with their spouses present and were analysed with a method for analysis of narratives.FindingsContentment, Connectedness, Self‐reliance and Personal growth were identified as core dimensions in the participants' life stories and shown like threads throughout life, from childhood, adult life to present life. All participants expressed an overall contentment with life, and connectedness was related to their relation with significant persons and to be included in the local community. Self‐reliance was expressed as a strong confidence in the own ability and an overall curiosity throughout life as a sustained quest for personal growth.ConclusionsIt is important for healthcare professionals, who work with people with dementia, to understand that people with Alzheimer's disease can maintain an overall trusting and hopeful approach to life. It is also important to use life story work to enhance feelings of being connected to the world and thereby support their identity and sense of self.