bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A census of quadratic post-critically finite rational functions defined over
Authors: Lukas David , Manes Michelle , Yap Diane 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe find all quadratic post-critically finite (PCF) rational functions defined over $\mathbb{Q}$, up to conjugation by elements of $\mathop{\rm PGL}_2(\overline{\mathbb{Q}})$. We describe an algorithm to search for possibly PCF functions. Using the algorithm, we eliminate all but 12 rational functions, all of which are verified to be PCF. We also give a complete description of all possible rational preperiodic structures for quadratic PCF functions defined over $\mathbb{Q}$.
Nonvanishing of twists of -functions attached to Hilbert modular forms
Authors: Ryan Nathan C. , Tornaría Gonzalo , Voight John 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe describe algorithms for computing central values of twists of $L$-functions associated to Hilbert modular forms, carry out such computations for a number of examples, and compare the results of these computations to some heuristics and predictions from random matrix theory.
Identification of a Novel 6′-
N
-Aminoglycoside Acetyltransferase, AAC(6′)-Iak, from a Multidrug-Resistant Clinical Isolate of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
Authors: Tada Tatsuya , Miyoshi-Akiyama Tohru , Dahal Rajan K. , Mishra Shyam K. , Shimada Kayo , Ohara Hiroshi , Kirikae Teruo , Pokhrel Bharat M. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
IOMTU250 has a novel 6′-
N
-aminoglycoside acetyltransferase-encoding gene,
aac(6
′
)-Iak
. The encoded protein, AAC(6′)-Iak, consists of 153 amino acids and has 86.3% identity to AAC(6′)-Iz.
Escherichia coli
transformed with a plasmid containing
aac(6
′
)-Iak
exhibited decreased susceptibility to arbekacin, dibekacin, neomycin, netilmicin, sisomicin, and tobramycin. Thin-layer chromatography showed that AAC(6′)-Iak acetylated amikacin, arbekacin, dibekacin, isepamicin, kanamycin, neomycin, netilmicin, sisomicin, and tobramycin but not apramycin, gentamicin, or lividomycin.
NDM-12, a Novel New Delhi Metallo-β-Lactamase Variant from a Carbapenem-Resistant Escherichia coli Clinical Isolate in Nepal
Authors: Tada Tatsuya , Shrestha Basudha , Miyoshi-Akiyama Tohru , Shimada Kayo , Ohara Hiroshi , Kirikae Teruo , Pokhrel Bharat M. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT

A novel New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase variant, NDM-12, was identified in a carbapenem-resistant
Escherichia coli
clinical isolate obtained from a urine sample from a patient in Nepal. NDM-12 differed from NDM-1 by two amino acid substitutions (M154L and G222D). The enzymatic activities of NDM-12 against β-lactams were similar to those of NDM-1, although NDM-12 showed lower
k
cat
/

K
m

ratios for all β-lactams tested except doripenem. The
bla
NDM-12
gene was located in a plasmid of 160 kb.
Mobile phone text messaging for improving the uptake of vaccinations: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Kalan Robyn , Wiysonge Charles S , Ramafuthole Tshepiso , Allie Kurt , Ebrahim Fatima , Engel Mark Emmanuel 
Published: August 2014

IntroductionLow vaccine coverage is a major public health concern, the consequences of which contribute to around 1.5 million child deaths from vaccine-preventable diseases. Thus, innovative strategies to rapidly increase coverage and recall rates for vaccinations are urgently required. Mobile text messaging (or short messaging service, SMS) has the potential to help increase vaccination coverage and therefore we propose to conduct a review of the current best evidence for the use of SMS as an intervention to promote vaccination coverage.Methods and analysisThis article describes the protocol for a systematic review of the effectiveness of SMS in improving the uptake of vaccination. Primary and secondary outcomes of interest are prespecified. We will preferably include randomised controlled trials (RCTs). However, non-randomised studies (NRS) will be considered if there is an inadequate number of RCTs. We will search several bibliographic databases (eg,PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, CENTRAL, Science Citation Index, Africa-Wide Information and WHOLIS electronic databases and search sources for grey literature. Following data extraction and assessment of risk of bias, we will meta-analyse studies and conduct subgroup analyses, according to intervention subtypes. We will assess clinical heterogeneity and statistical heterogeneity. For outcomes without quantitative data, a descriptive analysis will be used. This review protocol is registered in the PROSPERO International Prospective Register of systematic reviews, registration number 2014:CRD42014007531Ethics and disseminationEthics is not required for this study, given that this is a protocol for a systematic review, which uses published data. The findings of this study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. We anticipate that the results could be used by researchers and policymakers to help inform them of the efficacy of mobile phone text messaging interventions to promote increased vaccination coverage.Trial registration numberPROSPERO registration number 2014:CRD42014007531.
Prevalence of skin diseases in civilian and military population in a Turkish military hospital in the central Black Sea region
Authors: Şenel Engin , Doğruer Şenel S , Salmanoğlu M 
Published: August 2014

ObjectivesThere are no epidemiological studies comparing the prevalence of skin diseases between civilian and military populations. We sought to determine and compare the prevalence of skin conditions between civilian and military populations.MethodsA total of 3382 male patients (1148 military and 2234 civilian) were retrospectively and consecutively evaluated at Merzifon Military Hospital in the central Black Sea Region of Turkey.ResultsThe most frequent dermatological condition was tinea pedis (15.8%) followed by acne vulgaris, allergic contact dermatitis and alopecia areata in the military population (15.7%, 7.7% and 5.4%, respectively). Acne vulgaris, xerosis cutis and allergic contact dermatitis were the most common diagnoses in the civilian group (19.4%, 14.1% and 9.1%, respectively). The prevalence of tinea pedis, alopecia areata, pityriasis versicolor, ingrown nail (unguis incarnatus) and callus were statistically significantly higher in the military group (15.8% vs 4.4%, p<0.001; 5.4% vs 1.7%, p<0.05; 3.5% vs 0.7%, p<0.001; 3.3% vs 0.3%, p<0.001 and 4.6% vs 0.9%, p<0.001; respectively). Xerosis cutis was found to be significantly higher in the civilian group (14.1% vs 5.8%, p<0.001). Superficial fungal disease was the most prevalent disorder as in the previous literature.ConclusionsPreventive measures should be taken to improve the health of troops and reduce the prevalence of the common disorders such as tinea pedis, alopecia areata and callus. Troops should wear boots only when necessary in base camps. Clothing which reduces ventilation is not recommended. Depression and anxiety should be recognised and treated in soldiers with alopecia areata, as a solely dermatological approach without psychological support may reduce treatment success.
Transgenic Knockdown of Cardiac Sodium/Glucose Cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) Attenuates
PRKAG2
Cardiomyopathy, Whereas Transgenic Overexpression of Cardiac SGLT1 Causes Pathologic Hypertrophy and Dysfunction in Mice
Authors: Ramratnam Mohun , Sharma Ravi K. , D'Auria Stephen , Lee So Jung , Wang David , Huang Xue Yin N. , Ahmad Ferhaan 
Published: August 2014

Background

The expression of a novel cardiac glucose transporter,
SGLT
1, is increased in glycogen storage cardiomyopathy secondary to mutations in

PRKAG
2

. We sought to determine the role of
SGLT
1 in the pathogenesis of

PRKAG
2

cardiomyopathy and its role in cardiac structure and function.

Methods and Results

Transgenic mice with cardiomyocyte‐specific overexpression of human T400N mutant
PRKAG2
cDNA
(TG
T400N
) and transgenic mice with cardiomyocyte‐specific RNA interference knockdown of SGLT1 (TG
SGLT1‐DOWN
) were crossed to produce double‐transgenic mice (TG
T400N
/TG
SGLT1‐DOWN
). Tet‐off transgenic mice conditionally overexpressing cardiac SGLT1 in the absence of doxycycline were also constructed (TG
SGLT‐ON
). Relative to TG
T400N
mice, TG
T400N
/TG
SGLT1‐DOWN
mice exhibited decreases in cardiac SGLT1 expression (63% decrease,
P
<0.05), heart/body weight ratio, markers of cardiac hypertrophy, and cardiac glycogen content. TG
T400N
/TG
SGLT1‐DOWN
mice had less left ventricular dilation at age 12 weeks compared to TG
T400N
mice. Relative to wildtype (WT) mice, TG
SGLT1‐ON
mice exhibited increases in heart/body weight ratio, glycogen content, and markers of cardiac hypertrophy at ages 10 and 20 weeks. TG
SGLT1‐ON
mice had increased myocyte size and interstitial fibrosis, and progressive left ventricular dysfunction. When SGLT1 was suppressed after 10 weeks of overexpression (TG
SGLT1‐ON/OFF
), there was a reduction in cardiac hypertrophy and improvement in left ventricular failure.

Conclusions

Cardiac knockdown of
SGLT
1 in a murine model of

PRKAG
2

cardiomyopathy attenuates the disease phenotype, implicating
SGLT
1 in the pathogenesis. Overexpression of
SGLT
1 causes pathologic cardiac hypertrophy and left ventricular failure that is reversible. This is the first report of cardiomyocyte‐specific transgenic knockdown of a target gene.
Sonopalpation: A Novel Application of Ultrasound for Detection of Submandibular Calculi
Authors: Patel Nitin J. , Hashemi Sean , Joshi Arjun S. 
Published: August 2014

ObjectiveTo study the sensitivity and specificity of physical examination, ultrasound (US) alone, and sonopalpation (concurrent US and transoral palpation) for identification of submandibular gland (SMG) calculi.Study DesignCase series with prospective data collection.SettingTertiary‐level academic center.Subject and MethodsPatients with suspected SMG swelling were examined by physical examination, US alone, and sonopalpation. The presence or absence and location of sialolithiasis was noted in each group. Sialendoscopy, open sialolithotomy, or sialadenectomy was performed as the gold standard for definitive diagnosis. Sensitivity and specificity for each technique was then determined.ResultsSixty‐nine patients were identified with SMG swelling. Physical examination, US, and sonopalpation positively identified sialoliths in 49, 54, and 57 patients, respectively. Fifty‐nine patients eventually demonstrated calculi. Sensitivity of physical examination, US alone, and sonopalpation for SMG calculi was 83%, 91%, and 96.6%, respectively. Specificity for physical examination was 60%, 80% for US alone, and 90% for sonopalpation. Of 59 patients with stones, 17 patients underwent purely endoscopic procedures, 36 patients underwent combined or purely transoral approaches, and 6 underwent sialadenectomy. Of the 3 modalities, only sonopalpation was able to both identify and localize pathology and guide treatment management.ConclusionUS is effective in the diagnosis and management of SMG stones during sialendoscopy or sialolithotomy. Sonopalpation has increased sensitivity and specificity over US alone or physical examination not only for the detection of SMG calculi but also for localization of pathology in the ductal system.
Civilisation and the Domination of the Animal
Authors: Cudworth Erika , Hobden Stephen 
Published: August 2014

Underlying claims about a ‘standard of civilisation’ are questions about what it means to be human. Those that assert membership of a higher civilisation do so on the basis of the extent to which a particular grouping has been able to separate itself and become independent of nature. Such contentions reproduce the duality between the human and non-human nature in that the civilised are considered as separate/superior to the non-civilised, and on the grounds of that superiority have a right of dominion over them in ways that parallel human relations with non-human nature. The process of othering that any claim of civilisation requires thus involves a claim about the less than human status of the other. Following a brief discussion of posthumanism, we assess the considerable literature on the ‘standard of civilisation’ and, focusing on the language of race, consider the ways in which claims about civilisation are based on notions of a separation from nature. In the third section we assess the implications of such a separation. In the final section we turn the notion of civilisation on its head, by pointing to developments that suggest that those groupings who make the claims to be most separated from nature are those posing the gravest ecological threats.
Factors Influencing Enrollment in the Medication Therapy Management Clinic at an Academic Ambulatory Care Clinic
Authors: Shah Mansi , Tilton Jessica , Kim Shiyun 
Published: August 2014

Purpose: In 2001, the University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System (UI Health) established a pharmacist-run, referral-based medication therapy management clinic (MTMC). Referrals are obtained from any UI Health provider or by self-referral. Although there is a high volume of referrals, a large percentage of patients do not enroll. This study was designed to determine the various factors that influence patient enrollment in the MTMC. Methods: This study was a retrospective chart review of demographic and patient variable data during years 2010 and 2011. Disabilities, distance from MTMC, mode of transportation, past medical history, and appointment dates were extracted from the medical records. Results were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 103 referrals were made; however, only 17% of patients remain enrolled in MTMC. The baseline demographics included a mean age of 63 years, 68% female, 70% African American, and 81% English speaking. Patients lived an average of 8 miles from MTMC; most utilized public or government-supplemented transport services; 24% of patients reported some type of disability, most commonly utilizing a walker or a wheelchair. On average, patients were prescribed 13 medications with hypertension (70%), diabetes (56%), and hyperlipidemia (48%) being the most common chronic disease states. The reason for referral included medication management, education, medication reconciliation, and disease state management. Five patients were unable to be contacted to schedule an initial appointment. Additionally, 18 patients failed their scheduled initial appointment and did not reschedule. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated distance traveled for clinic visit, age, and history of hypertension affected the probability of patients showing for their appointments (chi-square = 19.7, P < .001). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that distance from MTMC is the most common barrier in patient enrollment; therefore, strategies to improve patient access are necessary.
Ethical challenges in everyday work with adults with learning disabilities
Authors: Solvoll Betty-Ann , Hall Elisabeth OC , Brinchmann Berit Støre 
Published: August 2014

Background: Healthcare providers caring for learning-disabled individuals in institutions face challenges of what is right or wrong in their daily work. Serving this group, it is of utmost importance for the healthcare staff to raise awareness and to understand how ethical values are at stake. Research question: What ethical challenges are discussed among healthcare providers working with adults with learning disabilities? Research design: The study had a qualitative and investigative design. Participants and research context: The study was conducted in a community institution for adults with learning disabilities. Participants were healthcare providers joining regular focused group discussions. Two groups participated and each group consisted of six participants. The conversations were taped and transcribed. Ethical considerations: The study was reported to Norwegian Social Science Data Services and was approved by the regional ethics committee. Findings: Findings are presented in four themes: (a) feeling squeezed between conflicting actions, (b) being the client’s spokesman, (c) searching shared responsibility, and (d) expecting immediate and fixed solutions. The healthcare providers wanted to be the clients’ advocates. They felt obliged to speak up for the clients, however, seeking for someone with whom to share the heavily experienced responsibility. Data likewise revealed that the group discussions created expectations among the healthcare providers; they expected smart and final solutions to the problems they discussed. Discussion: The discussion focuses on everyday ethical challenges, the meaning of being in-between and share responsibility, and the meaning of ethical sensitivity. Conclusion: Ethical challenges can be demanding for the staff; they might feel squeezed in-between contradictory attitudes or feel alone in decision-making. Frequent conversations about ethical challenges do not solve the ethical problems here-and-now, but they do visualize them. This also visualizes the staff’s need for support.
What are the impacts of nature conservation interventions on human well-being: a systematic map protocol
Authors: Bottrill Madeleine , Cheng Samantha , Garside Ruth , Wongbusarakum Supin , Roe Dilys , Holland Margaret B , Edmond Janet , Turner Will R 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Background
International policy has sought to emphasize and strengthen the link between the conservation of natural ecosystems and human development. Furthermore, international conservation organizations have broadened their objectives beyond nature-based goals to recognize the contribution of conservation interventions in sustaining ecosystem services upon which human populations are dependent. While many indices have been developed to measure various human well-being domains, the strength of evidence to support the effects, both positive and negative, of conservation interventions on human well-being, is still unclear.

Methods/Design
This protocol describes the methodology for examining the research question: What are the impacts of nature conservation interventions on different domains of human well-being in developing countries? Using systematic mapping, this study will scope and identify studies that measure the impacts of nature conservation interventions on human well-being at local to regional scales. The primary objective of this study is to synthesize the state and distribution of the existing evidence base linking conservation and human well-being. In addition, a theory of change approach will be used to identify and characterize the causal linkages between conservation and human well-being, with attention on those studies that examine the role of ecosystem services. Key trends among the resulting studies will be synthesized and the range of studies organized and presented in a graphical matrix illustrating the relationships between types of interventions and types of outcomes. Results of the study are intended to help conservation and development practitioners and the academic community to improve research studies and conservation practices in developing countries in order to achieve both conservation and human well-being outcomes.
Cochlea sparing effects of intensity modulated radiation therapy in head and neck cancers patients: A long-term follow-up study
Authors: Theunissen Eleonoor AR , Zuur Charlotte L , Yurda Marta Lopez , van der Baan Sieberen , Kornman Anne F , de Boer Jan Paul , Balm Alfons JM , Rasch Coen RN , Dreschler Wouter A 
Published: August 2014

Background Radiation to the inner ear may lead to (irreversible) sensorineural hearing loss. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term effect of radiotherapy on hearing in patients treated with Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT), sparing the inner ear from high radiation dose as much as possible. Methods Between 2003 and 2006, 101 patients with head and neck cancer were treated with IMRT. Audiometry was performed before, short-term, and long-term after treatment. Data were compared to normal hearing levels according to the International Organisation for Standardization (ISO). Statistical analysis was done using repeated measurements. None of the patients received chemotherapy. Results In 36 patients an audiogram at long-term follow-up (median 7.6 years) was available. The mean dose to the cochlea was 17.8 Gy (1.0-66.6 Gy). A hearing deterioration of 1.8 dB at Pure Tone Average (PTA) 0.5-1-2 kHz ( p = 0.11), 2.3 dB at PTA 1-2-4 kHz ( p = 0.02), and 4.4 dB at PTA 8-10-12.5 kHz ( p = 0.01) was found. According to the ISO, the expected age-related hearing loss was 2.7, 4.8, and 8.8 dB at PTA 0.5-1-2 kHz, 1-2-4 kHz, and 8-10-12.5 kHz, respectively. Conclusions After IMRT with radiation dose constraint to the cochlea, potential long-term adverse effects of IMRT remained subclinical. The progressive hearing loss over time was mild and could be attributed to the natural effects of ageing. Therefore, we recommend that a dose constraint to the cochlea should be incorporated in the head and neck radiotherapy protocols.
Impact of the Addition of Carboplatin and/or Bevacizumab to Neoadjuvant Once-per-Week Paclitaxel Followed by Dose-Dense Doxorubicin and Cyclophosphamide on Pathologic Complete Response Rates in Stage II to III Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: CALGB 40603 (Alliance)
Authors: Sikov William M. , Berry Donald A. , Perou Charles M. , Singh Baljit , Cirrincione Constance T. , Tolaney Sara M. , Kuzma Charles S. , Pluard Timothy J. , Somlo George , Port Elisa R. , Golshan Mehra , Bellon Jennifer R. , Collyar Deborah , Hahn Olwen M. , Carey Lisa A. , Hudis Clifford A. , Winer Eric P. 
Published: August 2014

Purpose One third of patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) achieve pathologic complete response (pCR) with standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). CALGB 40603 (Alliance), a 2 × 2 factorial, open-label, randomized phase II trial, evaluated the impact of adding carboplatin and/or bevacizumab. Patients and Methods Patients (N = 443) with stage II to III TNBC received paclitaxel 80 mg/m2 once per week (wP) for 12 weeks, followed by doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide once every 2 weeks (ddAC) for four cycles, and were randomly assigned to concurrent carboplatin (area under curve 6) once every 3 weeks for four cycles and/or bevacizumab 10 mg/kg once every 2 weeks for nine cycles. Effects of adding these agents on pCR breast (ypT0/is), pCR breast/axilla (ypT0/isN0), treatment delivery, and toxicities were analyzed. Results Patients assigned to either carboplatin or bevacizumab were less likely to complete wP and ddAC without skipped doses, dose modification, or early discontinuation resulting from toxicity. Grade ≥ 3 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were more common with carboplatin, as were hypertension, infection, thromboembolic events, bleeding, and postoperative complications with bevacizumab. Employing one-sided P values, addition of either carboplatin (60% v 44%; P = .0018) or bevacizumab (59% v 48%; P = .0089) significantly increased pCR breast, whereas only carboplatin (54% v 41%; P = .0029) significantly raised pCR breast/axilla. More-than-additive interactions between the two agents could not be demonstrated. Conclusion In stage II to III TNBC, addition of either carboplatin or bevacizumab to NACT increased pCR rates, but whether this will improve relapse-free or overall survival is unknown. Given results from recently reported adjuvant trials, further investigation of bevacizumab in this setting is unlikely, but the role of carboplatin could be evaluated in definitive studies, ideally limited to biologically defined patient subsets most likely to benefit from this agent.