bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lyα vs. fundamental properties of galaxies
Authors: Wofford Aida , Leitherer Claus , Salzer John ,   COS Science Team
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe obtained HST COS Lyα spectroscopy for 20 galaxies that were Hα-selected from the Kitt Peak International Spectroscopic Survey data release. We cover redshifts of z=0.02–0.06 and a broad range in metallicity, reddening, and luminosity. We investigate correlations between the properties of the Lyα-lines and fundamental properties of the galaxies. Our seven emitters have: equivalent widths in the range EW(Lyα)=1–12 Å, i.e., below the completeness limits of higher redshift studies; extinction corrected Lyα/Hα ratios of at most 12–15% of the case B recombination theory value; and O I λ1302 ISM absorptions blueshifted to 〈v(O I)〉= − 117±40 km/s, which are consistent with H I gas outflows. Six emitters have P-Cygni-like Lyα profiles with peaks redshifted to 〈v〉=172±25 km/s, and one of our face-on spiral galaxies has two Lyα peaks separated by 370 km/s. The latter peaks are such that the blueshifted peak is twice as strong as the redshifted peak. The rest of the galaxies show Lyα absorption troughs centered at 〈v〉=19 km/s and O I λ1302 absorptions centered at 〈v(O I)〉= − 34±25 km/s, which is consistent with static or low velocity H I gas. Our two most metal poor and least reddened galaxies, which have large Hα equivalent widths are absorbers. The spiral galaxies in our sample have Lyα in single emission, double emission, or absorption. There appears to be a correlation between the Hα derived SFR and the strength of the Lyα emission but our sample is small. Our observations cover regions of at most 3 kpc in diameter and may miss a significant fraction of the resonantly scattered Lyα emission. This work is supported by NASA grant N1317.
Molecular gas in galaxies: much more than just the fuel of star formation
Authors: Nesvadba Nicole , Boulanger Francois , Herrera Cinthya , Guillard Pierre , Lehnert Matt , Salome Philippe , Falgarone Edith 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIt is well known that shocks can heat molecular gas, but we are only starting to understand what the consequences might be for galaxy evolution. Observations are now revealing a growing number of galaxies undergoing phases of strong injection of kinetic energy through galaxy interactions or feedback from powerful AGN, which have bright line emission from shock-heated molecular gas that is likely powered by the dissipation of turbulent energy. These observations demonstrate that turbulence – now recognized as an important mechanism regulating star formation – may also be key in regulating galaxy growth. We report on our on-going efforts to quantify the role of molecular gas for the dissipation of kinetic energy through observations on two very different examples, the Antennae galaxy merger and the radio galaxy 3C326 N, a site of strong mechanical AGN feedback. Both galaxies show signatures of strong dissipation of kinetic energy through shocks. We will illustrate how key parameters of these processes like bulk and turbulent velocities, gas masses, and dissipation timescales can be measured with multi-wavelength data, and how this furthers our understanding of how galaxy evolution and star formation in galaxies depend on each other.
Effects of large-scale AGN feedback in local galaxies
Authors: Shabala Stanislav , Kaviraj Sugata , Silk Joseph 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe effects of active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback on group and cluster galaxies are investigated. We examine the colors of non-AGN hosts (i.e. satellite galaxies) by comparing galaxies overrun by radio AGN with similar galaxies located outside the radio AGN contours. We find that powerful Fanaroff-Riley type II (edge-brightened) radio AGN truncate star formation in the galaxies overrun by AGN-driven bow shocks. On the other hand, the ubiquitous Fanaroff-Riley type I (core-dominated) AGN do not affect neighboring galaxies. This result shows that, despite their rarity, feedback from powerful radio AGN is an important factor in the evolution of group/cluster galaxies.
Analytic description, measurements, and modeling of 3D-embedded silicon inductance for High-Performance Hybrid Systems Applications
Authors: Descamps Philippe , Tesson Olivier , Duplessis Magali , Pasquet Daniel , Murray Hugues 
Published: March 2013

In this paper, the design and the measurements of three-dimensional through silicon vias (TSVs) based-integrated solenoids embedded within high-resistive silicon is presented. Prior to silicon implementation, a rigorous theoretical analysis is proposed to put in obviousness the advantages of using such coil architecture for L and S band applications. This analysis, demonstrates a clear reduction of the footprint passive function lying on the external substrate together with a reduced capacitive coupling with the local environment. Two-port radio frequency measurements have been performed in a wide-frequency range (100 MHz – 50 GHz) in order to support the theoretical investigations. Solenoids exhibit high-quality factors below 4 GHz – Q = 25 @ 2 GHz for a 800 pH device – and clearly outperforms classical planar architecture considered in most of the integrated circuit processes. Two different modeling approaches (compact modeling and EM modeling) are then proposed in order to speed-up their design implementation in a typical CAD design flow. Based on the available data, a good agreement is shown between and simulated data.
Taurine transport in human placental trophoblast is important for regulation of cell differentiation and survival
Authors: Desforges M , Parsons L , Westwood M , Sibley C P , Greenwood S L 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe outer epithelial cell layer of human placenta, the syncytiotrophoblast, is a specialised terminally differentiated multinucleate tissue. It is generated and renewed from underlying cytotrophoblast cells that undergo proliferation, differentiation and fusion with syncytiotrophoblast. Acquisition of fresh cellular components is thought to be balanced by apoptosis and shedding of aged nuclei. This process of trophoblast cell turnover maintains a functional syncytiotrophoblast, capable of sufficient nutrient transfer from mother to foetus. Foetal growth restriction (FGR) is a pregnancy complication associated with aberrant trophoblast turnover and reduced activity of certain amino acid transporters, including the taurine transporter (TauT). Taurine is the most abundant amino acid in human placenta implying an important physiological role within this tissue. Unlike other amino acids, taurine is not incorporated into proteins and in non-placental cell types represents an important osmolyte involved in cell volume regulation, and is also cytoprotective. Here, we investigated the role of taurine in trophoblast turnover using RNA interference to deplete primary human trophoblast cells of TauT and reduce intracellular taurine content. Trophoblast differentiation was compromised in TauT-deficient cells, and susceptibility of these cells to an inflammatory cytokine that is elevated in FGR was increased, evidenced by elevated levels of apoptosis. These data suggest an important role for taurine in trophoblast turnover and cytoprotection.
Global marine bacterial diversity peaks at high latitudes in winter
Authors: Ladau Joshua , Sharpton Thomas J , Finucane Mariel M , Jospin Guillaume , Kembel Steven W , O’Dwyer James , Koeppel Alexander F , Green Jessica L , Pollard Katherine S 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Genomic approaches to characterizing bacterial communities are revealing significant differences in diversity and composition between environments. But bacterial distributions have not been mapped at a global scale. Although current community surveys are way too sparse to map global diversity patterns directly, there is now sufficient data to fit accurate models of how bacterial distributions vary across different environments and to make global scale maps from these models. We apply this approach to map the global distributions of bacteria in marine surface waters. Our spatially and temporally explicit predictions suggest that bacterial diversity peaks in temperate latitudes across the world’s oceans. These global peaks are seasonal, occurring 6 months apart in the two hemispheres, in the boreal and austral winters. This pattern is quite different from the tropical, seasonally consistent diversity patterns observed for most macroorganisms. However, like other marine organisms, surface water bacteria are particularly diverse in regions of high human environmental impacts on the oceans. Our maps provide the first picture of bacterial distributions at a global scale and suggest important differences between the diversity patterns of bacteria compared with other organisms.
DNA thermodynamics shape chromosome organization and topology
Authors: Travers Andrew A. , Muskhelishvili Georgi 
Published: March 2013

How much information is encoded in the DNA sequence of an organism? We argue that the informational, mechanical and topological properties of DNA are interdependent and act together to specify the primary characteristics of genetic organization and chromatin structures. Superhelicity generated in vivo, in part by the action of DNA translocases, can be transmitted to topologically sensitive regions encoded by less stable DNA sequences.
Reliability Improvement of superluminescent diodes emitting at 1.0 µm band using InGaAsP barrier structure
Authors: Ohgoh T. , Asano H. , Hamamoto K. 
Published: March 2013

A report is presented on the reliability evaluation of broad‐band InGaAs superluminescent diodes emitting at 1.0 µm band wavelength. The devices using the InGaAsP barrier layer showed better reliability characteristics owing to the low optical power density in the active region, compared to the devices with using the GaAs barrier layer. In the lifetime test under auto‐power‐control mode at the output power of 30 mW at 25 °C, a noticeable degradation was observed in the devices with the GaAs barrier, while the devices with the InGaAsP barrier have shown almost no degradation over 3000 h.
Factorisation‐based transfer function estimation technique for deformation diagnostics of windings in transformers
Authors: Narayana Gunda Surya , Badgujar Ketan P. , Kulkarni Shrikrishna V. 
Published: March 2013

Mechanical deformations of transformer windings are identified through variations observed in their frequency response (FR). This study proposes a new way of determining a transfer function (TF) from measured FR data using factorisation principles as against established ways of finding it through rational fitting algorithms or least‐square estimation. It is observed that some characteristics of FR of a transformer winding are similar to FR of first‐ and second‐order systems, and this has been the basic motivation for the reported work. In the proposed method, TF is expressed as a combination of first‐ and second‐order polynomials. The algorithm is applicable over a wide‐frequency range and for high‐order systems. Initial guesstimates for locations of poles/zeros, orders of TFs, and enforcement of poles to the left half of the s‐plane are not required. The algorithm is validated through three case studies and its accuracy is checked through commonly used statistical indicators. The application of the algorithm is also demonstrated on a 500 kVA distribution transformer. The method is simple and accurate in estimating TFs for their further use in the deformation diagnostics of transformer windings.
Role of mask patterns in fabrication of Si nanotip arrays
Authors: Cho Si‐Hyeong , Lee Jung‐Hwan , Park Jin‐Goo 
Published: March 2013

Different shapes of silicon (Si) nanotip arrays using reactive ion etching with various mask patterns were fabricated, and the surface profile, surface roughness and quantitative etch characteristics of the Si nanotip were characterised. It was found that the geometry as well as etch characteristics of Si nanotip arrays could be modified by changing the initial mask patterns. Pyramidal and conical shaped Si nanotips could be obtained from square and circular mask patterns, respectively. The alternate square array pattern resulted in a Si nanotip with a wavy array whereas the honeycomb mask pattern resulted in a Si nanotip in a hexagonal array. In terms of etch rate, the circular pattern mask showed faster etching than the square patterns. Also, the parallel pattern showed faster etching than the alternate pattern under the same conditions. The tip size and height of Si nanotip structures determined by atomic force microscopy measurement were in the range of 50–80 and 450–750 nm, respectively.
Integrin-dependent force transmission to the extracellular matrix by α-actinin triggers adhesion maturation
Authors: Roca-Cusachs Pere , del Rio Armando , Puklin-Faucher Eileen , Gauthier Nils C. , Biais Nicolas , Sheetz Michael P. 
Published: March 2013

SignificanceMechanical forces transmitted between a cell and its surrounding extracellular matrix determine functions like proliferation or differentiation, and drive processes in development, tumorigenesis, and wound healing. However, the molecules involved in this force transmission remain unclear. Here we show that forces exerted by cells are transmitted to the extracellular matrix through α-actinin molecules via the transmembrane protein integrins. Furthermore, this transmission enables the growth and maturation of adhesion sites to the matrix, and takes place in competition with another molecule submitted to force, talin. This force regulation mechanism may help us understand the role of force in different biological scenarios.
Biological Consequences of the Coaster Brook Trout Restoration Stocking Program in Lake Superior Tributaries within Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore
Authors: Leonard Jill B. K. , Stott Wendylee , Loope Delora M. , Kusnierz Paul C. , Sreenivasan Ashwin 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The coaster Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis is a Lake Superior ecotype representing intraspecific variation that has been impacted by habitat loss and overfishing. Hatchery strains of Brook Trout derived from populations in Lake Superior were stocked into streams within Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore, Michigan, as part of an effort to rehabilitate adfluvial coaster Brook Trout. Wild and hatchery Brook Trout from three streams (Mosquito River, Hurricane River, and Sevenmile Creek) were examined for movement behavior, size, physiology, and reproductive success. Behavior and size of the stocked fish were similar to those of wild fish, and less than 15% of the stocked, tagged Brook Trout emigrated from the river into which they were stocked. There was little evidence of successful reproduction by stocked Brook Trout. Similar to the results of other studies, our findings suggest that the stocking of nonlocal Brook Trout strains where a local population already exists results in limited natural reproduction and should be avoided, particularly if the mechanisms governing the ecotype of interest are poorly understood.
Received April 1, 2012; accepted November 26, 2012
Spectral preferences ofLycorma delicatula(Hemiptera:Fulgoridae)
Authors: Jang Yikweon , An Hyon‐Gyong , Kim Hyojoong , Kim Kwang‐Ho 
Published: March 2013

AbstractMany insects prefer lights with certain spectral properties, and such preferences may be associated with behavioral contexts such as mating, host finding or dispersal.Lycorma delicatula(Hemiptera:Fulgoridae) is a newly invasive species inKorea and is spreading rapidly. It is diurnal and may rely on visual cues for orientation. We conducted a series of three phototaxis experiments to understand spectral preferences inL. delicatula: light/dark choice,UV/white light choice, and color preference experiments. Nymphs of the third and final stages as well as adults were used for these experiments. In the light/dark choice, the orientation ofL. delicatulawas bimodal between the white light and darkness, for all stages and both sexes. In a choice ofUV(395–410 nm wavelengths) vs. white light,L. delicatulaof both sexes and all stages preferred theUVlight. In the color preference experiment where insects had a choice of four colors in a circular arena,L. delicatulastayed significantly longer in the blue light than in white, yellow or green lights. Overall, nymphs and adults ofL. delicatulaoriented toward lights with shorter wavelengths, and this orientation was consistent throughout all stages, regardless of sex. It is necessary to investigate the behavioral contexts under whichL. delicatulaprefers theUVand blue lights.
Zooplankton species richness–productivity relationship: Confronting monotonic positive and hump‐shaped models from a local perspective
Authors: Simões Nadson R. , Colares Maria Alice Mendes , Lansac‐Tôha Fábio A. , Bonecker Claudia C. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis study examined two models that are most frequently used to describe the relationship between species richness and productivity (SPR): monotonic positive and hump‐shaped models. We assessed zooplankton community diversity in response to algal productivity. The relationship between net primary productivity (NPP) and rarefied species richness was examined by fitting the data to two models and comparing them using theAkaike information criterion (AICc). Macrophyte banks with the highest net primary productivity had the highest zooplankton abundance. Our results pointed to a hump‐shaped model as the best fit to describe the relationship between zooplankton species richness and primary productivity (ΔAICc > 4). Thus, the diversity was lower at the extremes of productivity and higher at intermediate levels of productivity. We suggest that this relationship might occur because when the resource supply rates are low, environmental conditions are stressful, whereas a high availability of resources enhances competitive exclusion. Two observations supported this statement: (i) the total abundance of the community positively correlated withNPP(P < 0.05), indicating that less productive sites had few consumers and the raised productivity tended to favour the total abundance; (ii)NPPwas negatively correlated with evenness (P < 0.05), indicating that productivity increased the dominance of certain species in the communities. Therefore, we challenged two of the models most frequently used to explainSPR, and discuss some mechanisms underlying a hump‐shapedSPR.
Total Synthetic Protoapigenone WYC02 Inhibits Cervical Cancer Cell Proliferation and Tumour Growth through PIK3 Signalling Pathway
Authors: Chen Yun‐Ju , Kay Nari , Yang Jinn‐Moon , Lin Chih‐Ta , Chang Hsueh‐Ling , Wu Yang‐Chang , Fu Chi‐Feng , Chang Yu , Lo Steven , Hou Ming‐Feng , Lee Yi‐Chen , Hsieh Ya‐Ching , Yuan Shyng‐Shiou 
Published: March 2013

AbstractFlavonoids have been intensively explored for their anticancer activity. In this study, a total synthetic flavonoid protoapigenone, known as WYC02, was analysed for its potential anticancer activity on human cervical cancer cells as well as the underlying mechanisms for these effects. The site‐moiety maps are used to explore the binding site similarity, pharmacophore and docking pose similarity. The effect of WYC02 on cell viability, migration, invasion and apoptosis as well as the underlying mechanisms was analysed in vitro using human cervical cancer cells. The effect of WYC02 on in vivo tumour growth was assessed in a tumour xenograft study. WYC02 inhibited cell proliferation, MMPs activity, migration and invasion in cervical cancer cells. We speculated that WYC02 might inhibit the activities of PIK3 family proteins, including PIK3CA, PIK3CB, PIK3CD and PIK3CG. Indeed, WYC02 decreased the expression of PIK3 family proteins, especially PIK3CG, through ubiquitination and inhibited the activities of PIK3CG and PIK3 downstream molecules AKT1 and MTOR in cervical cancer cells. Furthermore, PIK3 signalling pathway was involved in the inhibitory effect of WYC02 on cervical cancer cell proliferation and tumour growth in vitro and in vivo. WYC02 inhibits cervical cancer cell proliferation and tumourigenesis via PIK3 signalling pathway and has the potential to be developed as a chemotherapeutic agent in cervical cancer.
Plexiform neurofibroma affecting the upper parietal scalp, with cerebellar hamartoma: role of histopathology, colour Doppler imaging and magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Sehgal V. N. , Oberai R. , Venkatash P. , Sharma S. , Verma P. , Chatterji K. 
Published: March 2013

Summary
We report a patient with plexiform neurofibroma, which is pathognomonic for neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) affecting the upper parietal region of the scalp. Cerebellar hamartoma was present, a finding that, to our knowledge, has not been reported previously. We highlight the role of histopathology, ultrasonography, colour Doppler imaging and magnetic resonance imaging, in addition to the seven existing criteria, for the diagnosis of NF1.
Seven years' experience of Mohs micrographic surgery in a UK centre, and development of a UK minimum dataset and audit standards
Authors: Macfarlane L. , Waters A. , Evans A. , Affleck A. , Fleming C. 
Published: March 2013

Summary

Background
Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) is the gold-standard treatment for high-risk basal cell carcinomas and a variety of other cutaneous tumours, including dermatofibromasarcoma protuberans and microcystic adnexal carcinoma. Previous large-scale case series, audits and reviews have allowed evaluation of MMS outcomes, such as BCC recurrence rates. However, to date there has been no systematic UK MMS audit, and certain important aspects of care, such as postoperative functional outcomes, have not yet been subject to scrutiny.

Aims
To review audit data from our centre, and from this to develop a minimum dataset and audit standards for UK MMS centres, on behalf of the British Society of Dermatological Surgery (BSDS).

Methods
An MMS database was developed locally and modified in response to repeated audit cycles since the introduction of the MMS service. A minimum dataset was developed using this experience.

Results
In our department, primary BCC recurrence rates are reassuringly low at 0.3%, at both 2 and 5 years. Histopathological discordance is &lt; 2%, and aesthetic and functional outcomes at 3 months are good.

Conclusions
The collation of audit data has been simplified by use of the minimum dataset, which we propose for all UK MMS centres, on behalf of the BSDS.