bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Active Injection Drug Use in a Cohort of Patients Infected With Hepatitis C Virus
Authors: Reed Carrie , Bliss Caleb , Stuver Sherri O. , Heeren Timothy , Tumilty Sheila , Horsburgh C. Robert , Samet Jeffrey H. , Cotton Deborah J. 
Published: November 2012

Objectives. We investigated potential risk factors for active injection drug use (IDU) in an inner-city cohort of patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). Methods. We used log-binomial regression to identify factors independently associated with active IDU during the first 3 years of follow-up for the 289 participants who reported ever having injected drugs at baseline. Results. Overall, 142 (49.1%) of the 289 participants reported active IDU at some point during the follow-up period. In a multivariate model, being unemployed (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.93; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.24, 3.03) and hazardous alcohol drinking (PR = 1.67; 95% CI = 1.34, 2.08) were associated with active IDU. Smoking was associated with IDU but this association was not statistically significant. Patients with all 3 of those factors were 3 times as likely to report IDU during follow-up as those with 0 or 1 factor (PR = 3.3; 95% CI = 2.2, 4.9). Neither HIV coinfection nor history of psychiatric disease was independently associated with active IDU. Conclusions. Optimal treatment of persons with HCV infection will require attention to unemployment, alcohol use, and smoking in conjunction with IDU treatment and prevention.
Unhealthy Interactions: The Role of Stereotype Threat in Health Disparities
Authors: Aronson Joshua , Burgess Diana , Phelan Sean M. , Juarez Lindsay 
Published: November 2012

Stereotype threat is the unpleasant psychological experience of confronting negative stereotypes about race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, or social status. Hundreds of published studies show how the experience of stereotype threat can impair intellectual functioning and interfere with test and school performance. Numerous published interventions derived from this research have improved the performance and motivation of individuals targeted by low-ability stereotypes. Stereotype threat theory and research provide a useful lens for understanding and reducing the negative health consequences of interracial interactions for African Americans and members of similarly stigmatized minority groups. Here we summarize the educational outcomes of stereotype threat and examine the implications of stereotype threat for health and health-related behaviors.
Association Between Community Socioeconomic Position and HIV Diagnosis Rate Among Adults and Adolescents in the United States, 2005 to 2009
Authors: An Qian , Prejean Joseph , McDavid Harrison Kathleen , Fang Xiangming 
Published: November 2012

Objectives. We examined the association between socioeconomic position (SEP) and HIV diagnosis rates in the United States and whether racial/ethnic disparities in diagnosis rates persist after control for SEP. Methods. We used cases of HIV infection among persons aged 13 years and older, diagnosed 2005 through 2009 in 37 states and reported to national HIV surveillance through June 2010, and US Census data, to examine associations between county-level SEP measures and 5-year average annual HIV diagnosis rates overall and among race/ethnicity–sex groups. Results. The HIV diagnosis rate was significantly higher for individuals in the low-SEP tertile than for those in the high-SEP tertile (rate ratios for low- vs high-SEP tertiles range = 1.68–3.38) except for White males and Hispanic females. The SEP disparities were larger for minorities than for Whites. Racial disparities persisted after we controlled for SEP, urbanicity, and percentage of population aged 20 to 50 years, and were high in the low-SEP tertile for males and in low- and high-SEP tertiles for females. Conclusions. Findings support continued prioritization of HIV testing, prevention, and treatment to persons in economically deprived areas, and Blacks of all SEP levels.
Effectiveness of a Community Health Worker Cardiovascular Risk Reduction Program in Public Health and Health Care Settings
Authors: Krantz Mori J. , Coronel Stephanie M. , Whitley Elizabeth M. , Dale Rita , Yost Jason , Estacio Raymond O. 
Published: November 2012

Objectives. We evaluated whether a program to prevent coronary heart disease (CHD) with community health workers (CHWs) would improve CHD risk in public health and health care settings. Methods. The CHWs provided point-of-service screening, education, and care coordination to residents in 34 primarily rural Colorado counties. The CHWs utilized motivational interviewing and navigated those at risk for CHD into medical care and lifestyle resources. A software application generated a real-time 10-year Framingham Risk Score (FRS) and guideline-based health recommendations while supporting longitudinal caseload tracking. We used multiple linear regression analysis to determine factors associated with changes in FRS. Results. From 2010 to 2011, among 4743 participants at risk for CHD, 53.5% received medical or lifestyle referrals and 698 were retested 3 or more months after screening. We observed statistically significant improvements in diet, weight, blood pressure, lipids, and FRS with the greatest effects among those with uncontrolled risk factors. Successful phone interaction by the CHW led to lower FRS at retests (P = .04). Conclusions. A CHW-based program within public health and health care settings improved CHD risk. Further exploration of factors related to improved outcomes is needed.
Web 2.0 for Health Promotion: Reviewing the Current Evidence
Authors: Chou Wen-ying Sylvia , Prestin Abby , Lyons Claire , Wen Kuang-yi 
Published: November 2012

As Web 2.0 and social media make the communication landscape increasingly participatory, empirical evidence is needed regarding their impact on and utility for health promotion. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we searched 4 medical and social science databases for literature (2004–present) on the intersection of Web 2.0 and health. A total of 514 unique publications matched our criteria. We classified references as commentaries and reviews (n = 267), descriptive studies (n = 213), and pilot intervention studies (n = 34). The scarcity of empirical evidence points to the need for more interventions with participatory and user-generated features. Innovative study designs and measurement methods are needed to understand the communication landscape and to critically assess intervention effectiveness. To address health disparities, interventions must consider accessibility for vulnerable populations.
Changes in Service Delivery Patterns After Introduction of Telemedicine Provision of Medical Abortion in Iowa
Authors: Grossman Daniel A. , Grindlay Kate , Buchacker Todd , Potter Joseph E. , Schmertmann Carl P. 
Published: November 2012

Objectives. We assessed the effect of a telemedicine model providing medical abortion on service delivery in a clinic system in Iowa. Methods. We reviewed Iowa vital statistic data and billing data from the clinic system for all abortion encounters during the 2 years prior to and after the introduction of telemedicine in June 2008 (n = 17 956 encounters). We calculated the distance from the patient’s residential zip code to the clinic and to the closest clinic providing surgical abortion. Results. The abortion rate decreased in Iowa after telemedicine introduction, and the proportion of abortions in the clinics that were medical increased from 46% to 54%. After telemedicine was introduced, and with adjustment for other factors, clinic patients had increased odds of obtaining both medical abortion and abortion before 13 weeks’ gestation. Although distance traveled to the clinic decreased only slightly, women living farther than 50 miles from the nearest clinic offering surgical abortion were more likely to obtain an abortion after telemedicine introduction. Conclusions. Telemedicine could improve access to medical abortion, especially for women living in remote areas, and reduce second-trimester abortion.
Reproductive Rights Activism in the Post-Roe Era
Authors: Fried Marlene Gerber 
Published: November 2012

Since the US Supreme Court decision legalizing abortion (Roe v Wade), there has been a constant and broad attack on all aspects of women’s reproductive and parenting rights. The consequences have been devastating, especially for women whose race, age, legal, or economic status makes them targets of discrimination. At the same time, these threats have galvanized activism. There has been tremendous growth in the number of organizations and coalitions working to protect abortion rights, as well as advocating a broader reproductive rights, health, and justice agenda. This article describes the major activist trends in this period, focusing primarily on those that have been less visible. Documenting activist history allows us to draw inspiration and important lessons for the future.
Lessons Learned from Benchmark Orthopaedic Trials
Authors: Swiontkowski Marc F. , Agel Julie 
Published: November 2012

Abstract:
Benchmark trials in orthopaedics are designed to address a question of substantial interest to clinicians and patients. They are also designed to have prospective data collection, an adequate sample size, an appropriate duration of follow-up based on the injury or treatment under study, blinded adjudication of the outcome variables, appropriate statistical analyses, and widespread and effective dissemination of the information learned in the trial. There are multiple lessons to be gleaned from these trials: (1) Identifying an engaging and relevant clinical question will make it easier to identify centers that are willing to participate. (2) Individual site leadership, both of the overall project and at the individual site, is critical to the success of any trial. (3) Not every trial needs to have a randomized design; observational trials can provide data that will impact clinical care. (4) Patients should understand the long-term goals of the project when they are enrolled so that they have a sense of the importance of their role in the study. (5) Follow-up rates that are >90% are possible for orthopaedic trials, but effort and money are required to achieve this. (6) Patients who do not agree to be randomized should be enrolled as subjects in a parallel observational design if it is available. (7) Blinded adjudication of the outcome variables is recommended whenever feasible. (8) Partnership with the academic community is mandatory for the success of industry-funded, phase-3 United States Food and Drug Administration trials. (9) Intention-to-treat analysis and as-treated analysis should be reported. Benchmark orthopaedic trials can and will change clinical practice, but detailed planning must occur to ensure that the results are believable and relevant to the orthopaedic community. These trials are time-consuming and expensive, but with the use of careful initial planning and continued oversight during the trial, Level-I evidence will be obtained and will be useful in clinical care.
Pilot Randomized Trials: Is There a Need?
Authors: Jeray Kyle J. , Tanner Stephanie L. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract:
A pilot randomized study is often essential to ensure the feasibility of conducting a large, randomized study. Pilot studies help to define the sample size, establish measurable outcomes, promote methodological rigor, establish the ability to recruit participants, assess the risk-benefit ratio of the treatments, and evaluate the economic viability of a definitive study.
The Tactics of Large Randomized Trials
Authors: Slobogean Gerard P. , Sprague Sheila , Bhandari Mohit 
Published: November 2012

Abstract:
Single-center studies and small randomized controlled trials often provide contradictory or inconclusive results. In contrast, large randomized controlled trials are designed to definitively answer a relevant and practice-changing research question. These studies rely on large sample sizes to gain adequate precision of the results and substantial funding to support the research infrastructure necessary to minimize bias. Tactics for successfully completing a large randomized controlled trial are outlined with examples from recent orthopaedic trials.
Managing Data in Surgical Trials: A Guide to Modern-Day Data Management Systems
Authors: Bhatti Paljinder , Schemitsch Emil , Bhandari Mohit 
Published: November 2012

Abstract:
Data management is the strategy that is used for collecting, organizing, and managing data within an organization. Clinical data management plays a key part in the success of any clinical trial. The use of technology and computerized systems in the conduct of clinical trials has increased over the years and is now mainstream. The United States Food and Drug Administration has established requirements to ensure that electronic records and electronic signatures are trustworthy and reliable. Critical to the success of a data management protocol are the experienced members of the data management team. We review common aspects of data management and management systems.
The Tactics of Modern-Day Regulatory Trials
Authors: Dent-Acosta Ricardo E. , Storm Neal , Steiner Randall S. , San Martin Javier 
Published: November 2012

Abstract:
Fractures are an important public health problem affecting patients of all ages. Although most fractures heal quickly, some heal poorly and some do not heal at all. To achieve an optimal healing outcome, the standard of care for most fractures consists of reduction followed by immobilization, with a myriad of options regarding the approach to fracture-healing. Currently, biopharmaceutical companies are sponsoring research with regard to products that aim to enhance or accelerate fracture-healing; however, as there are no approved and marketed systemic therapies for fracture-healing, the development and commercialization process for such products will require close collaboration between industry, academia, and regulators to determine how to bring these products to market in the most efficient manner. The following manuscript provides a brief overview of the regulatory process in the United States for systemic therapies in fracture-healing and discusses key issues that may arise in connection with the regulatory approval of these novel investigational treatments.
Fashion and Music
Authors: Miller Janice 
Published: November 2012

The relationship between popular music and fashion has been a culturally significant one since the 1950s, and this book explores how music and musicians play a key role in the shaping of identity, taste and consumption. Using a range of historical and contemporary examples, this book uncovers the way in which fashion and music have worked to shape contemporary attitudes to bodies and identities.
Focusing on performers as much as fans, on the mainstream as much as the underground, Fashion and Music provides a lens through which to examine themes of gender, sexuality, ageing and youth, ethnicity, body image, consumer culture, fandom and postmodernity.
Brassinosteroid control of shoot gravitropism interacts with ethylene and depends on auxin signaling components
Authors: Vandenbussche Filip , Callebert Pieter , Zadnikova Petra , Benkova Eva , Van Der Straeten Dominique 
Published: November 2012

• Premise of the study: To reach favorable conditions for photosynthesis, seedlings grow upward when deprived of light upon underground germination. To direct their growth, they use their negative gravitropic capacity. Negative gravitropism is under tight control of multiple hormones.• Methods: By counting the number of standing plants in a population or by real time monitoring of the reorientation of gravistimulated seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana, we evaluated the negative gravitropism of ethylene or brassinosteroid (BR) treated plants. Meta‐analysis of transcriptomic data on AUX/IAA genes was gathered, and subsequent mutant analysis was performed.• Key results: Ethylene and BR have opposite effects in regulating shoot gravitropism. Lack of BR enhances gravitropic reorientation in 2‐d‐old seedlings, whereas ethylene does not. Lack of ethylene signaling results in enhanced BR sensitivity. Ethylene and BRs regulate overlapping sets of AUX/IAA genes. BRs regulate a wider range of auxin signaling components than ethylene.• Conclusions: Upward growth in seedlings depends strongly on the internal hormonal balance. Endogenous ethylene stimulates, whereas BRs reduce negative gravitropism in a manner that depends on the function of different, yet overlapping sets of auxin signaling components.
De la petite fille à la femme : traversée de l'adolescence
Authors: Chabert Catherine 
Published: November 2012

Cet article présente le traitement psychanalytique d’une jeune fille de 16 ans pour illustrer la manière dont la psychanalyse d’adolescents conduit à penser autrement la traditionnelle opposition entre honte et culpabilité. L’auteure souligne que l’adolescence est susceptible de bousculer un certain ordre psychique, dans une forme de collapsus de la honte et de la culpabilité, du fait du passage obligé par le corps et les émois qu’il engendre. Les effets du transfert ont permis la reprise des sentiments d’infériorité, antérieurement très marqués par la honte, associés au débordement pulsionnel, les amenant à dériver vers l’angoisse de castration.
Vieillir en beauté : les jouvences contemporaines
Authors: Le Breton David 
Published: November 2012

À la manière d’un cadeau empoisonné, il n’y a qu’un « beau sexe », mais il est limité dans le temps, et le prix est lourd à payer de ce privilège. La femme est toujours guettée par la honte que lui vaudrait le regard indifférent ou dépréciatif d’un homme. Son vieillissement n’a pas le même statut que celui de l’homme. Celui de l’homme le virilise, alors que celui de la femme lui fait perdre sa séduction. Le marketing joue habilement sur la honte de la perte de séduction pour influencer les comportements lié à la consommation de soins de beauté.
Malaise chez les autophages
Authors: Bergé Christine 
Published: November 2012

L’autophagie, ou autocannibalisme, est une pratique secrète relativement répandue, quasi-invisible pour le corps médical. Ce comportement d’automutilation appartient à l’ensemble des « troubles obsessionnels compulsifs ». À partir de témoignages anonymes figurant dans les forums d’autophages sur Internet, l’auteure analyse ici la façon dont manger sa peau est une attaque de soi qui menace l’enveloppe corporelle par arrachage de lambeaux et découpage de morceaux suffisamment importants pour provoquer de vives douleurs. Les autophages ont une profonde honte de leur pratique, vécue en solitaire. Ce comportement gâche leur vie sociale, la scène secrète trouvant dans les forums une issue de confession intime, entre frères de même mal.
La délicate essence du familial
Authors: Pierron Jean-Philippe 
Published: November 2012

Résumé « La délicate essence du familial. Rêverie et créativité dans le groupe familial d’après les travaux d’André Ruffiot. » C’est aux travaux d’un des pères fondateurs de la thérapie familiale psychanalytique, André Ruffiot, que cet article s’attache. On fait apparaître la double originalité de ce thérapeute dans sa manière de penser et d’aborder la famille. La première met l’accent sur le fait que la famille, pour être structure (de parenté, d’alliance, de triangulation du désir), est surtout un processus singularisant par socialisation. Il exige, pour être appréhendé, une intelligence attentive davantage à des procès qu’à des systèmes. Telle serait la différence entre approche systémique et systématique et approche groupale de la famille. La seconde fait apparaître la fonction mythopoïétique de la famille découvrant l’univers symbolique familial dans sa dimension onirique, phanique et poétique pour laquelle les lignes de force en famille sont des lignes imageantes.
La mythopoïèse et son rapport avec le préconscient envisagé sous un angle familial
Authors: Knéra-Renaud Laurence 
Published: November 2012

Résumé « La mythopoïèse et son rapport avec le Préconscient envisagé sous un angle familial. » Cet article reprend sous une forme un peu modifiée un texte écrit en 2000 avec André Ruffiot sur la mythopoïèse et son rapport avec le Préconscient, envisagé dans une dimension groupale-familiale. La mythopoïèse est définie comme une aptitude de la famille à produire des mythes, fantasmes, rêves et secrets. Le lieu où s’originent et se développent mythes et secrets est le Préconscient dans sa dimension familiale. Les mythes se différencient en mythes alpha et mythes oméga. L’auteure cherche ensuite à dégager différents niveaux de reprise de l’activité du Préconscient en thérapie familiale psychanalytique.
Rêve et créativité partagés en thérapie familiale psychanalytique
Authors: Darchis Élisabeth 
Published: November 2012

Résumé « Rêves et créativité partagés en thérapie familiale psychanalytique. » Au début de la thérapie familiale psychanalytique, les thérapeutes éprouvent un blocage dans leur capacité de rêverie en séance lorsque la communication de la famille est sur un mode factuel, et que son fonctionnement fantasmatique est bloqué. Le partage autour de rêves permet à la famille de se réapproprier progressivement son histoire, dans le holding onirique thérapeutique. Une mobilisation contretransférentielle du thérapeute, notamment la création d’une œuvre picturale dans l’après-coup d’une séance, permet de reprendre les productions oniriques de la famille de façon polyphonique, et l’élaboration des vécus transféro-contretransférentiels. La figuration favorise le travail de l’interfantasmatisation et la transformation des sensations et des éprouvés.
Rêver en famille
Authors: Tixier Élisabeth , Rosenblum Ouriel 
Published: November 2012

Résumé « Rêver en famille : un holding pour sortir de la contrainte de l’archaïque et du débordement pulsionnel. » La famille, face à l’émergence des processus primaires et de ses effets d’étrangeté, est souvent dans une sidération de la pensée. Au cours de deux thérapies familiales psychanalytiques, le rêve vient « porter » le groupe familial, et réveiller ses propres capacités de transformation. Dans la première, il s’agit de la mise en place d’un holding familial à partir du récit d’un cauchemar, raconté en séance. La seconde présentation montre les effets du débordement parental face à la pulsionnalité induite par la venue au monde de l’enfant. À partir des notions de holding onirique et de mythopoïèse, développées par André Ruffiot, les auteurs montrent comment la mise en commun des fantasmes et des rêves va aider le groupe familial dans son travail de co-création.
Transmissions, filiations, une métaphore maternelle dans la culture
Authors: Ayouch Soraya 
Published: November 2012

Résumé « Transmissions, filiations, une métaphore maternelle dans la culture. » Cet article est une élaboration sur une métaphore maternelle dans la culture, permettant les transmissions, inscrite dans le champ des filiations. Il développe l’hypothèse suivante : Pour qu’il y ait du père, au sens de la métaphore de son nom, ou encore un signifiant paternel dans la culture, tel que cela a été théorisé par Freud puis repris par J. Lacan, il faut qu’il y ait de la mère, au sens de ce qui représente la mère dans la culture, la mère en lien à l’héritage et la transmission. C’est donc la mère, plus précisément une métaphore maternelle, qui est au centre du processus de transmission, en dialectique avec le père. Nous voyons comment la métaphore maternelle interfère dans différents processus, s’élabore dans la relation primaire à la mère, se reformule dans les identifications œdipiennes, s’interprète dans l’après-coup du discours de la rencontre amoureuse, dans une perspective dialectique entre l’homme et la femme, le père et la mère. Par ailleurs, elle est aussi interrogée dans le champ d’investigation culturelle sur la loi de l’exogamie et de l’alliance. En dialectique constante avec la métaphore paternelle dans un mouvement d’élaboration et de métaphorisation dans la langue et la culture, la métaphore maternelle rejoint la puissance de l’amour en sa capacité de sublimation.