bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacologic activation of activating transcription factor 6 contributes to neuronal survival after spinal cord injury in mice
Authors: Chang Yong , Chen Lu , Zhang Mingzhe , Zhang Shiji , Liu Renshuai , Feng Shiqing 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe impact of primary and secondary injuries of spinal cord injury (SCI) results in the demise of numerous neurons, and there is still no efficacious pharmacological intervention for it. Recently, studies have shown that endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) plays a pivotal role in recovery of neurological function after spinal cord injury. As a process to cope with intracellular accumulation of misfolded and unfolded proteins which triggers ERS, the unfolded protein response (UPR) plays an important role in maintaining protein homeostasis. And, a recently disclosed small molecule AA147, which selectively activates activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), has shown promising pharmacological effects in several disease models. Thus, it seems feasible to protect the neurons after spinal cord injury by modulating UPR. In this study, primary neurons were isolated from E17‐19 C57BL/6J mouse embryos and we observed that AA147 effectively promoted the survival of neurons and alleviated neuronal apoptosis after oxygen–glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) in vitro. This was evident through a decrease in the proportion of PI‐positive and TUNEL‐positive cells, an increase in BCL‐2 expression, and a decrease in the expression of BAX and C‐caspase3. In in‐vivo experiments, these findings were corroborated by TUNEL staining and immunohistochemistry. It was also found that AA147 enhanced three arms of the unfolded protein response with reduced CHOP expression. Besides, AA147 mitigated the accumulation of ROS in neurons probably by upregulating catalase expression. Furthermore, spinal cord injury models of C57BL/6J mice were established and behavioral experiments revealed that AA147 facilitated the recovery of motor function following SCI. Thus, pharmacologic activation of ATF6 represents a promise therapeutic approach to ameliorate the prognosis of SCI.image
Targeting the PAC1 receptor mitigates degradation of myelin and synaptic markers and diminishes locomotor deficits in the cuprizone demyelination model
Authors: Jansen Margo I. , Mahmood Yasir , Lee Jordan , Broome Sarah Thomas , Waschek James A. , Castorina Alessandro 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system with a strong neuroinflammatory component. Current treatments principally target the immune system but fail to preserve long‐term myelin health and do not prevent neurological decline. Studies over the past two decades have shown that the structurally related neuropeptides VIP and PACAP (vasoactive intestinal peptide and pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating polypeptide, respectively) exhibit pronounced anti‐inflammatory activities and reduce clinical symptoms in MS disease models, largely via actions on their bivalent VIP receptor type 1 and 2. Here, using the cuprizone demyelination model, we demonstrate that PACAP and VIP, and strikingly the PACAP‐selective receptor PAC1 agonist maxadilan, prevented locomotor deficits in the horizontal ladder and open field tests. Moreover, only PACAP and maxadilan were able to prevent myelin deterioration, as assessed by a reduction in the expression of the myelin markers proteolipid protein 1, oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2, quaking‐7 (APC) and Luxol Fast Blue staining. Furthermore, PACAP and maxadilan (but not VIP), prevented striatal synaptic loss and diminished astrocyte and microglial activation in the corpus callosum of cuprizone‐fed mice. In vitro, PACAP or maxadilan prevented lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced polarisation of primary astrocytes at 12–24 h, an effect that was not seen with maxadilan in LPS‐stimulated microglia. Taken together, our data demonstrates for the first time that PAC1 agonists provide distinctive protective effects against white matter deterioration, neuroinflammation and consequent locomotor dysfunctions in the cuprizone model. The results indicate that targeting the PAC1 receptor may provide a path to treat myelin‐related diseases in humans.image
“Doing authority”: Stories of parental authority across three generations
Authors: Born Victoria de Leon , Vasbø Kristin Beate 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis article tracks changes in stories of parental authority in Norway from a youth perspective, comparing how three generations talked about their own relationships with their parents while growing up.BackgroundPrevious research has described contemporary youth–parent relationships as being characterized by both diminution of parental authority, due to a democratization of family life, and by more covert forms of parental control. In addition to shedding light on generational differences in youths' perspectives on parental authority, the analysis reveals important nuances with regard to the ambiguous dynamics of power in contemporary youth–parent relationships.MethodThrough a narrative analysis of the stories of 67 participants, the article maps out how the three generations talked about different ways of “doing authority,” connoting how parental authority was relationally constructed and normatively anchored in their stories.ResultsAlthough the successive democratization of the youth–parent relationship is visible across the three generations, this democratization does not entail a corresponding loss in parental authority.ConclusionThe normative sources by which youth legitimize parental authority have changed to include ideals of the equal and close parent who is deserving of respect and hence retains an emotional authority.
Intracranial meningioma: A review of recent and emerging data on the utility of preoperative imaging for management
Authors: Beutler Bryce D. , Lee Jonathan , Edminster Sarah , Rajagopalan Priya , Clifford Thomas G. , Maw Jonathan , Zada Gabriel , Mathew Anna J. , Hurth Kyle M. , Artrip Drew , Miller Adam T. , Assadsangabi Reza 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMeningiomas are the most common neoplasms of the central nervous system, accounting for approximately 40% of all brain tumors. Surgical resection represents the mainstay of management for symptomatic lesions. Preoperative planning is largely informed by neuroimaging, which allows for evaluation of anatomy, degree of parenchymal invasion, and extent of peritumoral edema. Recent advances in imaging technology have expanded the purview of neuroradiologists, who play an increasingly important role in meningioma diagnosis and management. Tumor vascularity can now be determined using arterial spin labeling and dynamic susceptibility contrast‐enhanced sequences, allowing the neurosurgeon or neurointerventionalist to assess patient candidacy for preoperative embolization. Meningioma consistency can be inferred based on signal intensity; emerging machine learning technologies may soon allow radiologists to predict consistency long before the patient enters the operating room. Perfusion imaging coupled with magnetic resonance spectroscopy can be used to distinguish meningiomas from malignant meningioma mimics. In this comprehensive review, we describe key features of meningiomas that can be established through neuroimaging, including size, location, vascularity, consistency, and, in some cases, histologic grade. We also summarize the role of advanced imaging techniques, including magnetic resonance perfusion and spectroscopy, for the preoperative evaluation of meningiomas. In addition, we describe the potential impact of emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence and machine learning, on meningioma diagnosis and management. A strong foundation of knowledge in the latest meningioma imaging techniques will allow the neuroradiologist to help optimize preoperative planning and improve patient outcomes.
Two new species of Dulcicalothrix (Nostocales, Cyanobacteria) from India and erection of Brunnivagina gen. nov., with observations on the problem of using multiple ribosomal operons in cyanobacterial taxonomy
Authors: Saraf Aniket , Singh Prashant , Kumar Naresh , Pal Sagarika , Johansen Jeffrey R. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTwo new species of Dulcicalothrix, D. adhikaryi sp. nov. and D. iyengarii sp. nov., were discovered in India and are characterized and described in accordance with the rules of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN). As a result of phylogenetic analysis, Calothrix elsteri is reassigned to Brunnivagina gen. nov. During comparison with all Dulcicalothrix for which sequence data were available, we observed that the genus has six ribosomal operons in three orthologous types. Each of the three orthologs could be identified based upon indels occurring in the D1–D1′ helix sequence in the ITS rRNA region between the 16S and 23S rRNA genes, and in these three types, there were operons containing ITS rRNA regions with and without tRNA genes. Examination of complete genomes in Dulcicalothrix revealed that, at least in the three strains for which complete genomes are available, there are five ribosomal operons, two with tRNA genes and three with no tRNA genes in the ITS rRNA region. Internal transcribed spacer rRNA regions have been consistently used to differentiate species, both on the basis of secondary structure and percent dissimilarity. Our findings call into question the use of ITS rRNA regions to differentiate species in the absence of efforts to obtain multiple operons of the ITS rRNA region through cloning or targeted PCR amplicons. The ITS rRNA region data for Dulcicalothrix is woefully incomplete, but we provide herein a means for dealing with incomplete data using the polyphasic approach to analyze diverse molecular character sets. Caution is urged in using ITS rRNA data, but a way forward through the complexity is also proposed.
Local application of 0.8% hyaluronic acid gel as an adjunct to minimally invasive nonsurgical treatment of periodontal intrabony defects—A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Gundogdu Ezer Umran , Gunpinar Sadiye 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic effects of hyaluronic acid (HA) gel application as an adjunct to minimally invasive nonsurgical treatment (MINST) in intrabony defects ≥3 mm.MethodsA total of 36 patients were included and randomly assigned to two groups: (a) MINST + HA (test; n = 17) and (b) MINST (control, n = 19). Subgingival 0.8% HA gel was applied in intrabony defects of test group and repeated 4 weeks following MINST protocol. Clinical measurements including probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and gingival recession (GR) were recorded at baseline and repeated at 3 and 6 months. Radiographic evaluation was performed at baseline and 6 months.ResultsTest group showed significantly greater reduction in PD and gain in CAL at 3 months compared to baseline than that of controls (p < .05), but the changes (Δ) at 6 months compared to baseline did not differ between the groups (p > .05). Although, both groups showed statistically significant GR in all evaluated time periods (p < .05), control group showed higher ΔGR than that of test group (p < .05). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of radiographic defect fill/bone gain (p > .05).ConclusionsThe additional use of 0.8% HA gel in the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects did not provide additional benefits in clinical and radiographic parameters. On the other hand, GR measurements showed favorable results in the test group.
Metabolomic profiling of pheochromocytomas in dogs: Catecholamine phenotype and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites
Authors: van den Berg Marit F. , Bechmann Nicole , Kooistra Hans S. , van Wolferen Monique E. , Timmermans‐Sprang Elpetra P. M. , Peitzsch Mirko , Galac Sara 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn humans with pheochromocytomas (PCCs), targeted metabolomics is used to determine the catecholamine phenotype or to uncover underlying pathogenic variants in tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle genes such as succinate dehydrogenase subunits (SDHx).Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo analyze catecholamine contents and TCA cycle metabolites of PCCs and normal adrenals (NAs).AnimalsTen healthy dogs, 21 dogs with PCC.MethodsProspective observational study. Dogs diagnosed with PCC based on histopathological and immunohistochemical confirmation were included. Tissue catecholamine contents and TCA metabolites in PCCs and NAs were measured by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry or electrochemical detection.ResultsCompared to NAs, PCCs had significantly higher tissue proportion of norepinephrine (88% [median: range, 38%‐98%] vs 14% [11%‐26%]; P < .001), and significantly lower tissue proportion of epinephrine (12% [1%‐62%] vs 86% [74%‐89%]; P < .001). Pheochromocytomas exhibited significantly lower fumarate (0.4‐fold; P < .001), and malate (0.5‐fold; P = .008) contents than NAs. Citrate was significantly higher in PCCs than in NAs (1.6‐fold; P = .015). One dog in the PCC group had an aberrant succinate : fumarate ratio that was 25‐fold higher than in the other PCCs, suggesting an SDHx mutation.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThis study reveals a distinct catecholamine content and TCA cycle metabolite profile in PCCs. Metabolite profiling might be used to uncover underlying pathogenic variants in TCA cycle genes in dogs.
Geographic variation in developmental plasticity among populations of the canyon treefrog in response to temperature and pond‐drying
Authors: Hernández‐Herrera C. I. , Pérez‐Mendoza H. A. , Fornoni J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUnderstanding how species respond to environmental changes, particularly in the context of climate change, is crucial for biodiversity conservation. This study focuses on the plastic responses of canyon tree frog (Dryophytes arenicolor) larvae to variations in temperature and pond‐drying, examining potential consequences of climate change. Frog larvae serve as an excellent model due to their high responsiveness to environmental cues during development. We analysed the impact of temperature and pond‐drying on morphological and life‐history traits, via a common garden experiment with individuals from three distinct populations with different ecological conditions. The experiments revealed significant differences in responses among populations, indicating geographic variation in plasticity. Pond‐drying treatments led to reduced survival and reduction of morphological traits and growth, challenging the assumption that tadpoles have adaptive responses to drying conditions. In contrast, temperature treatments showed variable effects, with elevated temperatures generally favouring growth rates, reducing metamorphosis time, and having population‐specific morphological shifts. We emphasize the importance of considering both morphological and life‐history traits, as well as geographic variation, in assessing species' vulnerability to climate change. Furthermore, the integration of environmental standardized plasticity index (ESPI) and relative distances plasticity index (RDPI) in amphibian developmental plasticity will allow to quantify and compare plastic responses among populations and even other amphibian species in which these metrics are obtained in the future. Our results underscore the complexity of phenotypic plasticity, revealing genotype–environment interactions. These findings contribute valuable insights into the potential adaptability of D. arenicolor populations to ongoing climate changes, highlighting the need for comprehensive inter‐population studies for a more nuanced understanding of species' responses to environmental change, and suggest that certain populations may be more vulnerable to extinction or better equipped to handle climate change based on their ability to adapt to environmental change.
How many sequences should I track when applying the random encounter model to camera trap data?
Authors: Palencia P. , Barroso P. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe random encounter model (REM) is a camera trapping method to estimate population density (i.e. number of individuals per unit area) without the need for individual recognition. The REM can be applied considering camera trap data only by tracking the passages of animals in front of the camera (i.e. sequences). However, it has not been assessed how the number of sequences tracked (i.e. trajectory of the animal reconstructed) influences the REM estimates. In this context, we aimed to gain further insights into the relationship between the number of sequences tracked and reliability in REM estimates to optimize its applicability. We monitored multiple species using camera traps, and we applied REM to estimate population density. We considered red fox Vulpes vulpes, roe deer Capreolus capreolus, fallow deer Dama dama, red deer Cervus elaphus and wild boar Sus scrofa as model species. We tracked from a minimum of 154 (red fox) to a maximum of 527 (red deer) sequences per species, and we then sampled the dataset to simulate different scenarios in which a lower number of sequences were tracked (20, 40, 80 and 160). We also assessed the effect of adjusting the survey period to the minimum necessary to record the desired number of sequences. Our results suggest that tracking around 100 sequences returns a precision level equivalent to the one obtained by tracking a considerably higher number of sequences and reduced and optimized the human effort necessary to apply REM. Tracking less than 40 sequences could result in low precise density estimates. Our results also highlighted the relevance of considering study periods of ca. 2 months to increase the number of sequences recorded and tracking a random sample of them. Our results contribute to the optimization and harmonization of REM as a reference method to estimate wildlife population density without the need for individual identification. We make clear recommendations on the cost‐effective sample size for estimating REM parameters, optimizing the human effort when applying REM, and discouraging REM applications based on low sample sizes.
The Greenland–Scotland Ridge in a Changing Ocean: Time to Act?
Authors: Pampoulie Christophe , Brix Saskia , Randhawa Haseeb S. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTThe Greenland–Scotland Ridge is a submarine mountain that rises up to 500 m below the sea surface and extends from the east coast of Greenland to the continental shelf of Iceland and across the Faroe Islands to Scotland. The ridge not only separates deeper ocean basins on either side, that is, the North Atlantic and Arctic oceans, but also forms a geomorphological barrier between the cold arctic water masses of the Nordic Seas and the comparably contrastingly warmer water of the North Atlantic Ocean. It is therefore situated at a strategic geographical position in relation to the effect of climate change in the Arctic region. Both the Arctic and the Atlantic subpolar ecosystems are facing each other at the ridge, creating oceanic fronts in the Denmark Strait and in the Iceland–Faroe ridge alike. This ridge in the subarctic area forms the southern boundary of the North Atlantic Gateway to the Arctic Ocean, affecting exchanges of oceanic currents and of marine organisms between the two main ecosystems in the Nordic polar region. For example, the appearance of natural invasive species such as the Atlantic mackerel in this region mainly occurred along the ridge, with arrival through the Scotland–Faroe Islands mount with subsequent waves of colonization which eventually reached the southern tip of Greenland. With the increasing impacts of climate change, such natural colonization through the ridge is likely to happen more frequently and affect regional ecosystems. Yet, the human resources and the economy of the local nations on the ridge are rather limited compared to neighboring countries. With a total of less than half a million people inhabiting the area and a total ocean surface of circa 3 million km2 of continental shelf, Greenland, Iceland, the Faroe Islands, and Scotland will face critical challenges in the coming years with respect to biodiversity conservation and sustainable management of marine resources. Here is a summary of what we know, what we might expect, and an opening to potential discussions for the future of research in this region. The main objective of this paper is calling attention to much needed additional research effort on the marine environment around the Greenland–Scotland Ridge, instead of presenting a comprehensive overview of research in this area.
Delivery platforms for reaching adolescents with nutrition interventions in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Khizar Mahum , Ruel‐Bergeron Julie , Zavala Eleonor , Chang Karen , Kang Yunhee , de Pee Saskia , Black Robert E. , Christian Parul 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAdolescents in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) are a vulnerable population given increased nutritional needs as puberty approaches. School‐based nutrition programs exist in some settings, but the comprehensive provision of nutrition services requires knowledge of the mechanisms to reach out‐of‐school adolescents. A comprehensive scoping review was performed using formal and informal search strategies to landscape all potential delivery platforms with nutrition services to reach adolescents. Peer‐reviewed studies, institutional strategies, program evaluations, and programmatic reports in LMICs were reviewed, including gray literature. A total of 87 out of 270 identified publications and reports describing nutrition programs for adolescents were identified. Although nutrition programs targeted at adolescents were sparse, various innovative and inclusive delivery platforms were included, such as school feeding programs, school‐based anemia control, and nutrition‐friendly school initiatives; health facility–based, youth‐friendly health and nutrition services; social safety nets targeted at adolescents; community‐based approaches targeting youth development and peer education within youth centers and faith‐based settings; and technology‐based platforms, including digital health services and mass media communication sensitization and mobilization efforts. Existing delivery mechanisms and platforms in health and other sectors that target adolescents offer great potential to extend nutrition interventions to this vulnerable yet hard‐to‐reach population.