bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Permanent stoma rates: a misleading marker of quality in rectal cancer surgery
Authors: Codd R. J. , Evans M. D. , Davies M. , Harris D. A. , Chandrasekaran T. V. , Khot U. P. , Morgan A. R. , Beynon J. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAimThe latest National Bowel Cancer Audit Programme (NBOCAP) audit identified our colorectal unit as an outlier with regard to the high permanent stoma rate. The aim of this study was to perform an audit of the rationale for stoma formation in patients undergoing rectal cancer resection in our unit.MethodA review was conducted of all rectal cancer operations between April 2011 and March 2013. Preoperative staging investigations and operation reports were reviewed to identify the reasons for nonrestorative surgery. Postoperative histology reports were used to identify circumferential resection margin (CRM) involvement and tumour height.ResultsOne‐hundred and twenty‐five patients underwent surgery for rectal cancer, of whom 102 underwent elective resection with curative intent. The permanent stoma rate was 63.2% when emergency and palliative procedures were included and 54.9% when only elective curative cases were considered. Tertiary referrals made up 31.4% of elective cases. The main reasons for nonrestorative surgery included multivisceral resection (n = 24) for locally advanced cancer and operations for lesions close to the anal sphincter (n = 21). The median length of stay was 8 days, the 90‐day mortality was 2.9% and the rate of CRM involvement was 2.0%.ConclusionOur unit provides multivisceral surgery for locally advanced rectal cancer and receives a substantial number of tertiary referrals. Many of the rectal cancers referred are locally advanced or threaten the anal sphincter. This study demonstrates that the complexity of a unit's case‐mix can have a profound effect on the permanent stoma rate. Stoma rates taken at face value do not therefore provide an accurate representation of surgical quality.
What does this paper add to the literature?The study reviews the practice of a colorectal surgical unit with an interest in multivisceral surgery with regard to the permanent stoma rate. The reasons for nonrestorative surgery are analysed, and the problems associated with the use of stoma rates as a marker of quality in colorectal surgery are highlighted.
Latent IgA deposition from donor kidneys does not affect transplant prognosis, irrespective of mesangial expansion
Authors: Sofue Tadashi , Inui Masashi , Hara Taiga , Moritoki Masahiro , Nishioka Satoshi , Nishijima Yoko , Moriwaki Kumiko , Hayashida Yushi , Ueda Nobufumi , Kushida Yoshio , Haba Reiji , Nishiyama Akira , Kakehi Yoshiyuki , Kohno Masakazu 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIntroductionLatent mesangial immunoglobulin A (IgA) deposition in the donated kidney has been investigated in the context of kidney transplantation. However, few studies have examined the impact of mesangial expansion accompanied with IgA deposition. Therefore, we investigated the effects of latent IgA deposition and mesangial expansion on transplant prognosis following living‐donor kidney transplantation.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 68 consecutive adult living‐donor kidney transplantations performed at Kagawa University Hospital. Biopsies were performed at pre‐implantation and at one yr after transplantation.ResultsTwenty kidneys exhibited latent IgA deposition in pre‐implantation biopsies, including 14 with mesangial expansion. Latent IgA deposition was not associated with renal function or donor urinalysis after donation, irrespective of mesangial expansion. Latent IgA deposition was not significantly associated with graft survival rate, allograft function, abnormal urinalysis, or the recurrence of IgA nephropathy, irrespective of mesangial expansion. At one yr after transplantation, IgA deposition had disappeared in 14/20 allografts. Estimated glomerular function rate >40 mL/min/1.73 m2 was significantly associated with the disappearance of IgA deposition.ConclusionsThe present study showed that latent IgA deposition from the donor kidney, irrespective of mesangial expansion, does not affect transplant prognosis following living‐donor kidney transplantation.
The development of a species‐specific test to detect Hymenoschyphus pseudoalbidus in ash tissues
Authors: Gherghel F. , Fussi B. , Donges K. , Haustein M. , Jakob K. M. , Müller K. , Piškur B. , Hauptman T. , Lenz H. D. , Konnert M. , Kost G. , Rexer K.‐H. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryAsh dieback, caused by the pathogen Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus, is an emerging lethal disease of Fraxinus excelsior in large parts of Europe. To develop a method for the early detection of H. pseudoalbidus, we designed primers for 46 microsatellites (simple sequence repeats, SSRs) of the pathogen. Seven pairs of primers (SSR38, SSR58, SSR114, SSR198, SSR206, SSR211 and SSR212) were found to bind only to the genome of H. pseudoalbidus, but not to the genome of H. albidus or to 52 different fungal endophytes isolated from F. excelsior and F. angustifolia. Using these seven primer pairs, H. pseudoalbidus was identified in fruiting bodies and different types of ash tissues including dead leaves, dead petioles and discoloured or non‐discoloured wood. Along one twig, H. pseudoalbidus was detected at different levels of intensity, which depended on the distance from symptomatic tissue. The detection limit was 0.9–1.8 pg of genomic DNA per PCR. Of 50 analysed commercially available seedlings, six were infected with H. pseudoalbidus. Two SSR loci (SSR198 and SSR211) showed fragment length polymorphism. Our results showed that the new primers not only provide an easy and inexpensive means of detecting H. pseudoalbidus in ash tissues, but can also provide information on the genetic heterogeneity of the species.
ATP P2Y1 receptors control cognitive deficits and neurotoxicity but not glial modifications induced by brain ischemia in mice
Authors: Carmo Marta R. S. , Simões Ana Patrícia , Fonteles Analu A. , Souza Carolina M. , Cunha Rodrigo A. , Andrade Geanne M. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractATP is a pleiotropic cell‐to‐cell signaling molecule in the brain that functions through activation of the P2 receptors (P2R), encompassing ionotropic P2XR or metabotropic P2YR. Noxious brain insults increase the extracellular levels of ATP and previous studies have implicated different P2R, namely P2Y1R, in the control of ischemic brain damage, but it remains to be defined if P2Y1R antagonists also alleviate the behavioral impairments associated with brain ischemia. Furthermore, as P2Y1R can control neuronal and glial functions, we explored if P2Y1R antagonist‐mediated protection would mainly involve neuronal and/or glial processes. Adult male mice subject to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) displayed an infarcted cortical area (2,3,5‐triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining), decreased neurological score with decreased working and reference memory performance (Y‐maze, object recognition and aversive memory), accompanied by neuronal damage (FluoroJade C), astrogliosis (glial fibrillary acidic protein) and microgliosis (CD11b). All of these changes were attenuated by intracerebroventricular pre‐treatment (10 min before pMCAO) with the generic P2R antagonist 4‐[(E)‐{4‐formyl‐5‐hydroxy‐6‐methyl‐3‐[(phosphono‐oxy)methyl]pyridin‐2‐yl}diazenyl]benzene‐1,3‐disulfonic acid (PPADS, 0.5–1.0 nmol/μL). In contrast, the selective P2Y1R antagonist (1R*,2S*)‐4‐[2‐Iodo‐6‐(methylamino)‐9H‐purin‐9‐yl]‐2‐(phosphono‐oxy)bicycle[3.1.0] hexane‐1‐methanol dihydrogen phosphate ester (MRS2500, 1.0–2.0 nmol/μL) afforded equivalent behavioral benefits but only prevented neuronal damage but not astrogliosis or microgliosis upon pMCAO. These results indicated that P2Y1R‐associated neuroprotection mainly occurred through neuronal mechanisms, whereas other P2R were also involved in the control of astrocytic reactivity upon brain injury.
Diurnal rhythm of male–male combat behavior in the bean bug Riptortus pedestris (Heteroptera: Alydidae)
Authors: Suzaki Yû , Miyatake Takahisa 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIn many insects, mating is affected by the day–night cycle, i.e., diurnal rhythm. Although there are many reports that mating and other reproductive behaviors are controlled by daily rhythms in various taxonomic insect species, little attention has been paid to the effect of daily rhythms on male fighting behavior. Here, we investigate whether the frequency and escalation of male–male aggressive interaction exhibit diurnal rhythms under a long‐day condition in the bean bug Riptortus pedestris. Despite the fact that male aggressive behaviors were most often observed in the middle of the later half of light periods, no interaction was found between escalation of fighting and the time period. The results, at least, suggest that male aggressive behaviors are influenced by diurnal rhythms like other reproductive behaviors in R. pedestris.
Surgical versus medical treatment for refractory epilepsy: Outcomes beyond seizure control
Authors: Perry M. Scott , Duchowny Michael 
Published: December 2013

SummaryNearly one third of patients with epilepsy become medically intractable, and the likelihood of achieving seizure freedom decreases with each additional medication trial. For appropriately chosen patients, epilepsy surgery affords the opportunity to achieve seizure freedom and potentially wean off medications. Epilepsy surgery, as with medical management, is not without adverse effects; to counsel patients wisely, practitioners need to understand the advantages and disadvantages of both. Randomized controlled trials in temporal lobe epilepsy reveal that epilepsy surgery achieves superior outcome compared to continued medical management. Although seizure freedom is the ultimate goal of any therapy, it represents a single outcome measure among a variety of other domains that affect patient welfare. It is imperative that providers understand the patient variables that affect these outcome measures and how these measures impact each other. Because the data comparing surgical therapy versus medical management for refractory epilepsy are limited, we review the available evidence comparing outcomes beyond seizure freedom including quality of life, cognition, psychosocial function, mortality, and financial costs.
Range collapse in the Diana fritillary,Speyeria diana(Nymphalidae)
Authors: Wells Carrie N. , Tonkyn David W. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractGlobal warming can affect the distributions, phenology and, ultimately, conservation status of species worldwide, but most published studies on its biological effects have focused on higher latitude species. We extended this work to the Diana fritillary, a butterfly which once ranged throughout the Southeastern United States but now is severely restricted in range.We searched for all scientific records of this species, from publications, catalogued and uncatalogued specimens in public and private collections in theUnited Statesand Europe, online databases, contemporary field surveys by scientists and amateurs, and our own field surveys. We analysed these records for shifts in latitude, longitude, elevation and phenology.We found that the Diana fritillary has disappeared entirely from the Atlantic coastal plain, where it was first described, and from interior lowland sites. It now persists in two disjunct parts of its former range, the Southern Appalachian Mountains and the Interior Highlands of Oklahoma and Arkansas, and is shifting to higher elevations at about 18 m per decade. In addition, females are being collected 4.3 days earlier per decade though males, which emerge first, have not shifted their phenology. All these patterns are weakly dependent on latitude.These shifts in distribution and phenology are consistent with the predicted effects of global warming, but we review other large scale changes to the region which also might contribute singly or jointly to these patterns. We also comment on the implications for the conservation of this species.
The applied pretreatment (blanching, ascorbic acid) at the manufacture process affects the quality of nectarine purée processed by hydrostatic high pressure
Authors: García‐Parra Jesús , Contador Rebeca , Delgado‐Adámez Jonathan , González‐Cebrino Francisco , Ramírez Rosario 
Published: December 2013

SummaryA nectarine purée was manufactured with different pretreatments (thermal blanching or ascorbic acid – AA – addition), and then, the purée was processed by high‐pressure treatment to evaluate the effect of the initial manufacture conditions in the stability of the processed purées. A thermal treatment was also carried out to compare the effect with the high‐pressure processing (HPP). All applied processes were effective to ensure the microbiological safety of the purées. However, the pretreatment (thermal blanching or AA addition) applied during the manufacture affected the final quality of the processed purées. Initially, the AA addition had a protective effect on colour degradation during the manufacture of the purées; however, when these purées were treated by HPP showed less colour stability during storage, lower bioactive compounds content, and antioxidant activity. In contrast, purées with an initial thermal blanching maintained better the quality after HPP and during storage.
Reduction of Oxalate Content of Foods by the Oxalate Degrading Bacterium, Eubacterium Lentum WYH‐1
Authors: Ito Haruo , Miura Naoto , Masai Motoyuki , Yamamoto Kazuhiro , Hara Takahiro 
Published: December 2013

Background: Urinary oxalate may contribute far more than urinary calcium to the pathogenesis of urinary calculi. Urinary oxalate may be reduced by restricting the intake of foods high in oxalate. The oxalate content of foods might be reduced by oxalate‐degrading bacteria. The purpose of this experiment was to reduce the oxalate content of foods with an oxalate‐degrading bacterium which was isolated from the feces of a Japanese male.Methods: An artificial intestinal juice was prepared by modifying Rogosa medium. An infusion of black tea was prepared from a commercial tea bag. The oxalate‐degrading bacteria used were Eubacterium lentum WYH‐1 which we have isolated. To 5 mL of the above oxalate‐containing artificial intestinal juice and infusion of black tea, 0.5 mL of the bacterial culture was added and incubated anaerobically at 37°C. Oxalic acid in the supernatant of the culture medium was assayed by high‐performance liquid chromatography.Results: In 24 hours, 1 × 106 cells/mL of Eubacterium lentum WYH‐1 decomposed 100% of 1 mg/mL oxalate in the artificial intestinal juice. The oxalate in the black tea infusion (1 mg/mL) was also decomposed completely within 48 hours by 1 × 107 cells/mL of the bacteria.Conclusion: Eubacterium lentum WYH‐1 was able to efficiently decompose the oxalate in foods.
Incisional hernia repair in horses: A cadaveric study of endoscopic component separation
Authors: Caron John P. 
Published: December 2013

ObjectiveTo report a technique for endoscopic component separation in horses and quantify the amount of body wall advancement obtained.Study DesignDescriptive study.AnimalsFresh cadaveric horses (n = 14).MethodsAfter a preliminary anatomic study, 7 horses had unilateral endoscopic component separation involving transection of the external abdominal oblique fascia lateral to the rectus abdominis muscle. A laparoscope, placed using a balloon dissector, was used to create an intermuscular working space between the external abdominal oblique fascia and internal abdominal oblique muscle. A single instrument portal was created 10–12 cm medial to the laparoscope portal. Laparoscopic scissors were used to transect the external abdominal oblique fascia, lateral to its insertion to the external rectus sheath, from ∼20 cm cranial to the costochondral junction to the level of the superficial inguinal ring. Subsequently, a 30 cm ventral median celiotomy was created and the myofascial advancement was quantified at points 10 and 20 cm cranial to the umbilicus.ResultsEndoscopic component separation was successfully completed in all horses. Component separation provided a net mean (±SD) abdominal wall advancement of 3.5 ± 1.3 cm and 3.4 ± 0.5 cm, 10 cm, and 20 cm cranial to the umbilicus, respectively.ConclusionEndoscopic component separation in horses is technically feasible but, as conducted, results in modest abdominal wall advancement.
“Generationed” space: Societal restructuring and young adults' changing residential location patterns
Authors: Moos Markus 
Published: December 2013

AbstractConsidering Vancouver and Montreal as case studies, this article demonstrates the increasing centralization of the young adult population since the early 1980s. Gentrification, which brings higher income earners to the inner city, is often explained as a class‐based process associated with post‐industrial, post‐Fordist, and, more recently, neo‐liberal restructuring. However, delays in child‐bearing, increasing educational attainment, and the growing amenity and housing component in inner cities have also sharpened the division of space by demographic variables such as age and household size—variables that relate to life‐cycle stage, consumption practices, and generational differences. This article contributes to the understanding of the factors delineating urban space by considering residential location patterns of two different generations of young adults in two metropolitan areas. The findings show that today's young adult residential ecology is increasingly defined by proximity to transit, high‐density housing, and walkability to urban amenities. Due to the higher‐priced housing market and land use planning policies emphasizing densification, the residential pattern is one of concentrated decentralization in Vancouver. In Montreal, centralization of young adults is mostly associated with changing household profiles. In both metropolitan areas, the inner city residential ecology is increasingly delineated by young adults.
Determining factors of residential migration from the central city to the suburbs in the metropolitan region of Montreal: The linguistic divide and flight of the French‐speaking population
Authors: Marois Guillaume , Bélanger Alain 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to gain a greater understanding of residential migration within the metropolitan region of Montreal by examining what factors determine flows between the central city and the suburbs. Using a life‐cycle perspective, a logistic regression model was developed. The results call attention to the critical factors that shape migration patterns from the central city to the suburbs: living in a two‐person household, with or without children; being 20 to 39 years of age; speaking French at home; being employed; and not being poor. The results also showed that belonging to a visible minority is not a significant factor in favour of migrating to the suburbs. However, since studies have found that the odds of Francophones leaving Montreal for the suburbs are much greater than for Anglophones or allophones, even after controlling for the other characteristics, residential mobility seems to be associated with spatial segregation based on language, rather than membership in an ethnic group. If “White flight” does not really exist in Montreal, a similar phenomenon with respect to Francophones is taking place which could be labelled “French flight.”
Shaky foundations: Refugees in Vancouver's housing market
Authors: Francis Jenny , Hiebert Daniel 
Published: December 2013

AbstractOur purpose in this article is to examine refugees' access to housing in metropolitan Vancouver. How are refugees faring in Vancouver's housing market relative to non‐humanitarian immigrants? Is there evidence that their housing circumstances change over time? Following from this, can we detect systematic differences in housing experiences between refugees selected and supported by the Canadian government versus those who come to Canada seeking asylum? Finally, what are the most important barriers for refugees in Vancouver's housing market and how are they addressed? Our study involved three main forms of data collection: focus groups with representatives of organizations that support newcomers, focus groups with newcomers, and a systematic survey exploring the housing experience of immigrants and refugees. While this article focuses on the survey results, we also draw upon the contextual knowledge obtained through the focus groups. We find that refugees are more likely than economic immigrants to lack the resources needed to access adequate and affordable housing. Many inhabit inadequately maintained, overcrowded, and unaffordable housing units and experience increased risk of homelessness. Therefore, we conclude that there is a need for greater coordination between housing and settlement policy to enable all newcomers to meet their housing needs.
Geographic analysis of the impacts of mountain pine beetle infestation on forest fire ignition
Authors: Bourbonnais Mathieu L. , Nelson Trisalyn A. , Wulder Michael A. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIn British Columbia, Canada, the largest mountain pine beetle outbreak on record has resulted in changes to fuel complexes that may alter fire regimes. The goal of this study is to analyze the relative importance of mountain pine beetle infestations as a determinant of forest fire ignition density in British Columbia. Fire ignitions data for the years 2000 to 2007 were modelled with covariates (weather, topography, ignition source, and the nature of the mountain pine beetle infestation) in 1km by 1km cells in the Montane Cordillera ecozone. Kernel density estimation was conducted for each fire season to illustrate broad scale trends in fire occurrence and regression trees were used to analyze the relative importance of each covariate. Results indicate precipitation, temperature, and Seasonal Severity Rating were the most influential determinants of fire ignition densities. While mountain pine beetle covariates were of lesser importance, moderate stand level tree mortality was more important for predicting the highest modelled fire ignition density values than high or extreme level mountain pine beetle mortality. Elevated fire ignition density was also associated with forests attacked by mountain pine beetle both one and six years previous, while other years were less important predictors.
Great expectations: Examining the designation effect of marine protected areas in coastal Arctic and sub‐Arctic communities in Canada
Authors: Lemelin Raynald H. , Dawson Jackie 
Published: December 2013

AbstractMarine protected area (MPA) proponents suggest that local communities can benefit from the designation effect that ensues from the creation of protected areas. Few studies, however, have examined the designation effect of MPAs. In order to illustrate the existing and potential designation effect of MPA establishment in Northern Canada, case studies and exploratory research instruments consisting of the following indicators—(i) International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) protected area category; (ii) natural heritage (wildlife, landscapes, seascapes); (iii) cultural heritage (authenticity of cultural heritage and sites); (iv) visitor accessibility (air, road); (v) existing service industry and product development (accommodations, restaurants, shops, guiding, information availability); (vi) existing tourism industry and site popularity; (vii) tourism funding opportunities for marketing and product development; (viii) double branding effect from the existence of parks and/or other type of protected area, and (ix) the designation effect—are used to examine the impacts of MPA designation (existing and proposed) in Northern Canada. The analysis suggests that the potential designation effect from four MPAs in Northern Canada is rather limited. Proponents and managers of MPAs would be best served to downplay the role of tourism and examine the role of other factors of local importance like livelihood during MPA designation.