bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analytic moduli for unfoldings of germs of generic analytic diffeomorphisms with a codimension parabolic point
Authors: ROUSSEAU C. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn this paper we provide a complete modulus of analytic classification for germs of generic analytic families of diffeomorphisms which unfold a parabolic fixed point of codimension$k$. We start by showing that a generic family can be ‘prepared’, i.e. brought to a prenormal form${f}_{\epsilon } (z)$in which the multi-parameter$\epsilon $is almost canonical (up to an action of$ \mathbb{Z} / k \mathbb{Z} $). As in the codimension one case treated in P. Mardešić, R. Roussarie and C. Rousseau [Modulus of analytic classification for unfoldings of generic parabolic diffeomorphisms.Mosc. Math. J. 4(2004), 455–498], we show that the Ecalle–Voronin modulus can be unfolded to give a complete modulus for such germs. For this purpose, we define unfolded sectors in$z$-space that constitute natural domains on which the map${f}_{\epsilon } $can be brought to normal form in an almost unique way. The comparison of these normalizing changes of coordinates on the different sectors forms the analytic part of the modulus. This construction is performed on sectors in the multi-parameter space$\epsilon $such that the closure of their union provides a neighborhood of the origin in parameter space.
Rational maps whose Julia sets are Cantor circles
Authors: QIU WEIYUAN , YANG FEI , YIN YONGCHENG 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn this paper, we give a family of rational maps whose Julia sets are Cantor circles and show that every rational map whose Julia set is a Cantor set of circles must be topologically conjugate to one map in this family on their corresponding Julia sets. In particular, we give the specific expressions of some rational maps whose Julia sets are Cantor circles, but they are not topologically conjugate to any McMullen maps on their Julia sets. Moreover, some non-hyperbolic rational maps whose Julia sets are Cantor circles are also constructed.
An Index to the Slavery and Slave Trade Enquiry: The British Parliamentary House of Commons Sessional Papers, 1788-1792
Authors: Lovejoy Paul E. , Oliveira Vanessa S. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe article describes volumes pertaining to slavery and the slave trade in the British Parliament House of Commons Sessional Papers of the eighteenth century, published by Sheila Lambert in 1975 but seldom used by historians of Africa and the trans-Atlantic slave trade. In addition, the article provides an index for the eight volumes from 1788 to 1792 that concern the slave trade. The index is arranged according to the names of individuals who provided testimony to the House of Commons or who are referred to in the testimonies, as well as according to places in Africa and the Americas that are mentioned in the testimonies. There is also a list of tables that are included in the texts and a list of ships mentioned in the testimonies, which are referenced with respect to the ships inVoyages: The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database. The materials were assembled in connection with the campaign to abolish the British slave trade, which was eventually achieved in 1807. As is clear from the testimonies and statistical information, the enquiry into the slave trade is a valuable source of documentary material that is relevant to scholars studying the coastal regions of Atlantic Africa in the eighteenth century and the trans-Atlantic slave trade during the period when the British trade was at its height.
Entraining gravity currents
Authors: Johnson Christopher G. , Hogg Andrew J. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractEntrainment of ambient fluid into a gravity current, while often negligible in laboratory-scale flows, may become increasingly significant in large-scale natural flows. We present a theoretical study of the effect of this entrainment by augmenting a shallow water model for gravity currents under a deep ambient with a simple empirical model for entrainment, based on experimental measurements of the fluid entrainment rate as a function of the bulk Richardson number. By analysing long-time similarity solutions of the model, we find that the decrease in entrainment coefficient at large Richardson number, due to the suppression of turbulent mixing by stable stratification, qualitatively affects the structure and growth rate of the solutions, compared to currents in which the entrainment is taken to be constant or negligible. In particular, mixing is most significant close to the front of the currents, leading to flows that are more dilute, deeper and slower than their non-entraining counterparts. The long-time solution of an inviscid entraining gravity current generated by a lock-release of dense fluid is a similarity solution of the second kind, in which the current grows as a power of time that is dependent on the form of the entrainment law. With an entrainment law that fits the experimental measurements well, the length of currents in this entraining inviscid regime grows with time approximately as ${t}^{0. 447} $. For currents instigated by a constant buoyancy flux, a different solution structure exists in which the current length grows as ${t}^{4/ 5} $. In both cases, entrainment is most significant close to the current front.
Myopericytoma of the external auditory canal and tragus
Authors: Chotey N A , Naidu T K , Naidoo V , Naidoo J 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackground:Myopericytoma is a relatively recently described skin and soft tissue tumour that demonstrates perivascular myoid cell or pericytic differentiation. Whilst the range of anatomical locations has expanded to include visceral locations, head and neck myopericytomas are rarely documented. There have been no previous reports of aural myopericytoma.Case report:This paper reports the clinicopathological features of a biopsy-proven, slow-growing, 20 × 20 mm, polypoid myopericytoma that involved the external auditory canal and tragus in an 18-year-old woman. Excision was curative.Conclusion:Heightened clinicopathological awareness of the expanding anatomical distribution of myopericytoma is critical to its diagnosis when it presents in unusual and novel locations. Myopericytoma should be added to the range of external auditory canal neoplasms, especially those characterised by an admixture of spindle cells and a prominence of blood vessels, including those with a haemangiopericytomatous pattern.
Benefits of combined modality treatment of Merkel cell carcinoma of the head and neck: single institution experience
Authors: Balakrishnan V , Berry S , Stew B , Sizeland A 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackground:There is ongoing debate surrounding the roles of surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy in the management of primary and recurrent Merkel cell carcinoma of the head and neck. This study assessed the influence of local excision, margin status, adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy on locoregional recurrence and survival.Method:A retrospective review of 54 consecutive cases of head and neck Merkel cell carcinoma at a single institution.Results:Median disease-specific survival time was 120 months. Forty-four per cent of patients developed locoregional recurrence. Combined treatment with surgery and locoregional radiotherapy improved disease-specific survival. Radiotherapy was associated with longer time to recurrence and regional recurrence. Irradiation of the regional nodes improved regional control, irrespective of clinical status. Margin-negative excision was not associated with improved local control. Combined modality treatment of recurrent disease resulted in a four-fold improvement of local control, but small numbers prevented this trend from reaching statistical significance.Conclusion:Surgical excision of the primary disease and clinically involved regional nodes, plus adjuvant radiotherapy to the surgical bed and regional nodes are recommended for all patients with Merkel cell carcinoma of the head and neck, irrespective of clinical status. Recurrent disease should be aggressively treated with combined modality treatment.
Interactions ofPlasmodium juxtanucleareand chicken anaemia virus: establishing a model
Authors: SILVEIRA PATRICIA , MARIN SANDRA Y. G. , MOREIRA PATRICIA A. , TOCANTINS BÁRBARA B. , LACORTE GUSTAVO , PAIXÃO TATIANE A. , MARTINS NELSON R. S. , BRAGA ÈRIKA M. 
Published: August 2013

SUMMARYThe pathogensPlasmodium juxtanucleareand chicken anaemia virus (CAV) are easily transmitted and potentially harmful to chickens. In this study, we established an experimental model to investigate the effects of avian malaria caused byP. juxtanuclearein white leghorn specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chicks previously immunosuppressed with CAV. Parasitaemia, haematological variables and clinical and pathological parameters were determined in four different experimental groups: chicks coinfected by CAV andP. juxtanuclearestrain (Coinfected group), chicks exclusively infected by CAV (CAV group) orP. juxtanucleare(Malaria group) and uninfected chicks (Control group). Our data demonstrated thatP. juxtanucleareparasitaemia was significantly higher in the Coinfected group. Furthermore, haematological parameters, including the RBC, haematocrit and haemoglobin concentration were significantly reduced in coinfected chicks. In agreement with the changes observed in haematological features, the mortality among coinfected chicks was higher compared with animals with single infections. Clinical analysis indicated moderate changes related to different organs size (bursa of Fabricius, heart and liver) in coinfected birds. The experimental coinfection of SPF chickens withP. juxtanucleareand CAV may represent a research tool for the study of avian malaria after CAV immunosuppression, enabling measurement of the impacts caused by different pathogens during malarial infection.
Parastrongyloides trichosurisuggests that XX/XO sex determination is ancestral in Strongyloididae (Nematoda)
Authors: KULKARNI ARPITA , DYKA ANNA , NEMETSCHKE LINDA , GRANT WARWICK N. , STREIT ADRIAN 
Published: August 2013

SUMMARYThe parasitic roundwormsStrongyloides stercoralis(in man) andStrongyloides ratti(in rats) employ environmentally controlled XX/XO sex determination with a pair of X chromosomes and two pairs of autosomes.Strongyloides papillosus(in sheep) has only two pairs of chromosomes, one of which combines the genetic material homologous to theS. rattichromosomes X and I. This species creates males through the elimination of one copy of the portion related to the X chromosome (chromatin diminution). It is not clear which one of these two sex-determining mechanisms is ancestral. We demonstrate thatStrongyloides vituli(in cattle) has two pairs of chromosomes like its very close relativeS. papillosuswhereasParastrongyloides trichosuri, a closely related out-group toStrongyloidesspp. in Australian brushtail possums, has three chromosome pairs and employs XX/XO sex determination. The X chromosome ofP. trichosuriis homologous to the X chromosome ofS. ratti. Our data strongly suggest that the last common ancestor ofStrongyloidesspp. andParastrongyloidesspp. had two pairs of autosomes along with two or one X chromosome in females and males, respectively. The situation with two pairs of chromosomes is likely derived and occurred through the fusion of the X chromosome with an autosome.
Can differences in life cycle explain differences in invasiveness? – A study on Anguillicola novaezelandiae in the European eel
Authors: DANGEL K. C. , KEPPEL M. , SURES B. 
Published: August 2013

SUMMARYAnguillicola crassus is the most invasive species of its genus and it is a successful colonizer of different eel species worldwide. It is so far the only species of the genus Anguillicola whose life cycle has been studied completely. To analyse whether differences in life cycle may explain differences in invasiveness, we infected European eels with Anguillicola novaezelandiae under laboratory conditions. Anguillicola novaezelandiae shows a synchronized development in the European eel. Eggs with second-stage larvae appeared 120 days after infection. No density-dependent effect in parasite development could be found for A. novaezelandiae. The present study shows that the life cycle of A. novaezelandiae differs on final host level compared with A. crassus in ways which result in a less successful invasion of new host species.
Reduction in community-onset methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus rates in an urban Canadian hospital setting
Authors: WILMER A. , LLOYD-SMITH E. , ROMNEY M. G. , CHAMPAGNE S. , WONG T. , ZHANG W. , STENSTROM R. , HULL M. W. 
Published: August 2013

SUMMARYCommunity-onset methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CO-MRSA) became a prominent cause of infection in North America in 2003, with a peak in the epidemic noted by multiple groups in the USA between 2005 and 2007. We reviewed rates of MRSA in two hospitals in Vancouver, Canada, to observe changes in epidemiology from 2003 to 2011. Episodes of emergency department (ED) MRSA bacteraemia and wounds were extracted from the laboratory database, with rates calculated per 10 000 ED visits. All cases were assumed to be community onset, as they were diagnosed in the ED. A peak in ED MRSA bacteraemias occurred in 2005, at 7·8/10 000 ED visits. By 2011, rates of ED bacteraemia declined significantly to 3·3/10 000 ED visits (P⩽0·03). MRSA wound rates peaked at 82·2 cases/10 000 ED visits in 2007 with a subsequent significant decline to 34·3 cases in 2011 (P = 0·04). We have demonstrated a significant decline in CO-MRSA within our population, consistent with reports from the USA, suggesting a substantial change in the epidemiology of CO-MRSA in certain North American cities.
The effects of nicotine on cone and rod b-wave responses in larval zebrafish
Authors: MOYANO MIGUEL , PORTEROS ÁNGEL , DOWLING JOHN E. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAcetylcholine is present in and released from starburst amacrine cells in the inner plexiform layer (IPL), but its role in retinal function except, perhaps, in early development, is unclear. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are thought to be present on ganglion, amacrine, and bipolar cell processes in the IPL, and it is known that acetylcholine increases the spontaneous and light-evoked responses of retinal ganglion cells. The effects of acetylcholine on bipolar cells are not known, and here we report the effects of nicotine on the b-wave of the electroretinogram in larval zebrafish. The b-wave originates mainly from ON-bipolar cells, and the larval zebrafish retina is cone-dominated. Only small rod responses can be elicited with dim lights in wild-type larval zebrafish retinas, but rod responses can be recorded over a range of intensities in a mutant (nooptokinetic responsef) fish that has no cone function. We find that nicotine strongly enhances cone-driven b-wave response amplitudes but depresses rod driven b-wave response amplitudes without, however, affecting rod- or cone-driven b-wave light sensitivity.
Clinically asymptomatic myocardial bridging in a child with familial subaortic stenosis
Authors: Gokalp Selman , Oztunc Funda 
Published: August 2013

AbstractMyocardial bridging is usually seen in the setting of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or left ventricular hypertrophy. It is rarely reported in an asymptomatic patient with an otherwise structurally normal heart. Familial subaortic stenosis is also a rare entity, and its mode of inheritance is still unknown. Here, we described the case of a 13-year-old asymptomatic girl with a positive family history of sudden cardiac death and subaortic stenosis who was diagnosed with severe myocardial bridging concomitant with familial subaortic stenosis.
What, not just salad and veg? Consumer testing of the eatwell week
Authors: Leslie Wilma S , Eunson Jane , Murray Lorraine , Lean Michael EJ , Hankey Catherine R 
Published: August 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo test the appeal of the eatwell week, a nutritionally balanced 7 d menu which satisfies nutritional guidelines of the Food Standards Agency in Scotland; determine the clarity and understanding of the main messages; and gather views on the usability and acceptability of the eatwell week resource format.DesignFocus group discussions with consumers and health professionals.SettingFour locations across the UK.ResultsThe eatwell week was considered realistic by consumers as it contained foods they recognised and already ate. A preconceived idea had been that there would be more fruit and vegetables and fewer ‘treats’. Consumers found the recipes simple and lack of cooking skills was not an apparent barrier. However, the message of ‘balance’ was poorly understood. Consumers often lacked the knowledge to make informed substitutions in the week. Both the general public and some health professionals felt the menu contained too much carbohydrate. Health professionals felt it was unclear who the eatwell week was intended for and what purpose it served.ConclusionsUse of familiar foods and the provision of simple, easy-to-follow recipes have the potential to overcome some barriers to healthy eating encountered by the general public and encourage improvements in dietary intakes. The eatwell week shows promise as a resource to facilitate implementation of the principles of the eatwell plate and supports government priorities and policies for health.
Prevalence and severity of household food insecurity of First Nations people living in an on-reserve, sub-Arctic community within the Mushkegowuk Territory
Authors: Skinner Kelly , Hanning Rhona M , Tsuji Leonard JS 
Published: August 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo measure and describe the prevalence and severity of household food insecurity in a remote on-reserve First Nations community using the Household Food Security Survey Module (HFSSM) and to evaluate the perceived relevance of the HFSSM for this population.DesignHousehold food security status was determined from the eighteen-item HFSSM following the classifications developed by Health Canada for the Canadian Community Health Survey, Cycle 2·2 Nutrition. One adult from each household in the community was invited to complete the HFSSM and to comment on its relevance as a tool to measure food security for First Nations communities.SettingSub-Arctic Ontario, Canada.SubjectsHouseholds (n64).ResultsSeventy per cent of households were food insecure, 17 % severely and 53 % moderately. The prevalence of food insecurity in households with children was 76 %. Among respondents from homes rated as having severe food insecurity, all (100 %) reported worrying that food would run out, times when food didn't last and there wasn't money to buy more, and times when they couldn't afford to eat balanced meals. The majority of respondents felt the HFSSM did not capture an accurate picture of food security for their situation. Aspects missing from the HFSSM included the high cost of market food and the incorporation of traditional food practices.ConclusionsA high prevalence of household food insecurity was reported in this community. On-reserve remote First Nations communities may be more susceptible to food insecurity than off-reserve Aboriginal populations. Initiatives that promote food security for this vulnerable population are needed.
The use of predefined diet quality scores in the context of CVD risk during urbanization in the South African Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiological (PURE) study
Authors: Dolman Robin C , Wentzel-Viljoen Edelweiss , Jerling Johann C , Feskens Edith JM , Kruger Annamarie , Pieters Marlien 
Published: August 2013

AbstractObjectiveUrbanization is generally associated with increased CVD risk and accompanying dietary changes. Little is known regarding the association between increased CVD risk and dietary changes using approaches such as diet quality. The relevance of predefined diet quality scores (DQS) in non-Western developing countries has not yet been established.DesignThe association between dietary intakes and CVD risk factors was investigated using two DQS, adapted to the black South African diet. Dietary intake data were collected using a quantitative FFQ. CVD risk was determined by analysing known CVD risk factors.SettingUrban and rural areas in North West Province, South Africa.SubjectsApparently healthy volunteers from the South African Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiological (PURE) study population (n1710).ResultsCVD risk factors were significantly increased in the urban participants, especially women. Urban men and women had significantly higher intakes of both macro- and micronutrients with macronutrient intakes well within the recommended CVD guidelines. While micronutrient intakes were generally higher in the urban groups than in the rural groups, intakes of selected micronutrients were low in both groups. Both DQS indicated improved diet quality in the urban groups and good agreement was shown between the scores, although they seemed to measure different aspects of diet quality.ConclusionsThe apparent paradox between improved diet quality and increased CVD risk in the urban groups can be explained when interpreting the cut-offs used in the scores against the absolute intakes of individual nutrients. Predefined DQS as well as current guidelines for CVD prevention should be interpreted with caution in non-Western developing countries.
Fast and High-Accuracy Localization for Three-Dimensional Single-Particle Tracking
Authors: Liu Shu-Lin , Li Jicun , Zhang Zhi-Ling , Wang Zhi-Gang , Tian Zhi-Quan , Wang Guo-Ping , Pang Dai-Wen 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe report a non-iterative localization algorithm that utilizes the scaling of a three-dimensional (3D) image in the axial direction and focuses on evaluating the radial symmetry center of the scaled image to achieve the desired single-particle localization. Using this approach, we analyzed simulated 3D particle images by wide-field microscopy and confocal microscopy respectively and the 3D trajectory of quantum dots (QDs)-labeled influenza virus in live cells. Both applications indicate that the method can achieve 3D single-particle localization with a sub-pixel precision and sub-millisecond computation time. The precision is almost the same as that of the iterative nonlinear least-squares 3D Gaussian fitting method, but with two orders of magnitude higher computation speed. This approach can reduce considerably the time and costs for processing the large volume data of 3D images for 3D single-particle tracking, which is especially suited for 3D high-precision single-particle tracking, 3D single-molecule imaging and even new microscopy techniques.
Power oscillation damping capabilities of wind power plant with full converter wind turbines considering its distributed and modular characteristics
Authors: Knüppel Thyge , Nielsen Jørgen N. , Jensen Kim H. , Dixon Andrew , Østergaard Jacob 
Published: August 2013

Wind power plants (WPP) are for power system stability studies often represented with aggregated models where several wind turbines (WT) are aggregated into a single up‐scaled model. The advantage is a reduction in the model complexity and the computational time, and for a number of study types the accuracy of the results has been found acceptable. A large WPP is, however, both modular and distributed over a large geographical area, and feasibility of aggregating the WTs, thus, have to be reassessed when new applications are introduced for WPPs. Here, the power oscillation damping capabilities are investigated for a WPP, which includes the full layout of the collector grid and where the WTs are represented individually. With this approach, the influence of the WT control in terms of impact on oscillatory modes is assessed for the WTs individually. The initial results encourage that park level control is possible. Time domain simulations support that each WT contribute to a common WPP response. Park level active and reactive power‐based power oscillation damping controllers (POD) are designed and the positive damping contribution is demonstrated. Keeping the POD designs unchanged, the impact of WPP aggregation is investigated and it is shown that the level of WPP aggregation only has limited impact on the resulting modal damping. The study is based on a non‐linear, dynamic model of the 3.6 MW Siemens Wind Power WT.