bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lemierre’s syndrome as a rare cause of septic pulmonary embolism (case report)
Authors: Chipigina N. S. , Karpova N. Yu. , Vinokurov A. S. , Kotova D. P. , Gasparyan A. A. , Kashkovskaya P. A. , Makaev A. G. , Sapko M. S. 
Published: June 2024

Objectives. The purpose of this work is to provide a clinical case study of Lemierre’s syndrome (LS) in order to raise awareness amongst doctors of various medical specialties regarding this rare cause of septic pulmonary embolism (SPE).Materials and methods. The patient in clinical case is a 25-year-old female who was hospitalized due to SPE, which had been complicated by respiratory distress, pneumothorax and septic shock. The initial source of embolus lung damage was the septic thrombosis of both the internal and external jugular veins. This thrombosis occurred against the backdrop of a carbuncle of the lower lip, an inflammatory infiltrate at the bottom of the mouth, an abscess in the soft tissue of the chin and neck cellulitis, which correspond to the diagnostic criteria for Lemierre Syndrome.Results. The literature data of the epidemiology, etiology, pathogenic mechanisms of the venous thrombosis, embolic and septic complications among patients with LS are presented. The article discusses the clinical features and course of the disease, as well as key aspects of diagnosis, including current diagnostic criteria, with regard to the typical and atypical variants of LS. The principles of antibiotic therapy and the possibility of anticoagulation therapy in cases of septic pulmonary emboli associated with head and neck vein thrombosis are also considered.Conclusion. LS is a rare, but clinically significant condition characterized by the development of septic thrombosis in the internal jugular vein in response to acute suppurative inflammation of the head and neck. In typical cases, the causative organism is Fusobacterium necrophorum, or other anaerobic bacteria. This pathological condition is often accompanied by multiple other septic complications, with the most significant being the development of septic pulmonary embolism. Clinical observation indicates the necessity for including LS in the differential diagnosis among causes of the septic pulmonary embolism, and for adopting a multidisciplinary approach in the treatment of these patients in a specialized multifield hospital. Identification and diagnosis of Lemierre Syndrome can be challenging due to its low incidence and variable clinical presentation. Although the condition is not widely recognized among physicians, an understanding of the basic principles of its diagnosis and management can significantly improve treatment outcomes and patients prognosis.
UNFPA-UNICEF Global Programme to Accelerate Action to End Child Marriage in Zambia (2016-2019)
Authors: Br Munthe Arta Salesta , Farid Muhammad 
Published: June 2024

Child marriage is a prevalent phenomenon in developing countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Zambia is one with the highest rate of child marriages, with 1.7 million child brides. This study investigates the contribution of UNICEF (United Nations Children’s Fund) and UNFPA (United Nations Population Fund) to cope with child marriage issues in Zambia through the Global Program to End Child Marriage (GPECM). The writer employs the concept of Human Security as an analytical tool in addressing the risk of child marriage in Zambia. This article next explains the role of UNICEF and UNFPA as international organizations in handling human security cases in Zambia. The final result of the study revealed that UNICEF and UNFPA contributed significantly to handling child marriage cases as a human security issue in Zambia by empowering adolescent girls, advocating for policy, providing assistance to enhance the quality of social services, and creating guidance to address the challenges.
Keywords: Child Marriage, Human Security, GPECM, UNICEF, UNFPA
Perkawinan anak merupakan fenomena umum di negara-negara berkembang, terutama di sub-Sahara Afrika. Zambia adalah salah satu negara dengan tingkat pernikahan anak tertinggi di dunia dengan 1,7 juta pengantin perempuan kategori anak. Studi ini mengkaji kontribusi UNICEF (Dana Anak-Anak Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa) dan UNFPA (Dana Penduduk Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa) dalam mengatasi isu perkawinan anak di Zambia melalui Global Program to End Child Marriage (GPECM). Penulis menggunakan konsep Keamanan Manusia (Human Security) sebagai alat analisis dalam menangani risiko perkawinan anak di Zambia. Penulis selanjutnya menjelaskan peran UNICEF dan UNFPA sebagai organisasi internasional yang berinisiatif menangani kasus keamanan manusia di Zambia. Hasil akhir penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa UNICEF dan UNFPA berkontribusi secara signifikan dalam menangani kasus perkawinan anak sebagai isu keamanan manusia di Zambia dengan memberdayakan anak perempuan, mengadvokasi kebijakan, memberikan bantuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas layanan sosial, dan membuat panduan penanganan khusus atas kasus tersebut.
Kata-kata Kunci: Pernikahan Anak di Zambia, Keamanan Manusia, GPECM, UNICEF, UNFPA
Extended Aquifer System Pressure Behavior under Carbon Storage
Authors: Mukhtar Muhammad Haseeb , Hatzignatiou Dimitrios Georgios , Ehlig-Economides Christine 
Published: June 2024

SummaryMost reported carbon storage projects have involved inexpensive carbon dioxide (CO2) capture from gas processing plants or ethanol refineries. However, widespread carbon capture and storage (CCS) application must avoid any risk that high capital investment cost for carbon capture from stationary point sources leads to unanticipated issues related to the aquifer storage. This paper reviews successful and unsuccessful carbon storage projects and explains simple extended aquifer system fundamentals that must be considered in selecting a storage aquifer.This study begins by evaluating reported carbon storage projects in the context of an extended aquifer system with specific attention to initial formation pore pressure and potential or known hydraulic vertical or lateral communication with hydrocarbon accumulations and/or fresh water. Further study focuses on how the contrast between injection well and aquifer pressure evolution enables understanding of the overall aquifer material balance. Finally, we consider implications of brine migration during and after long-term CO2 injection in unconfined aquifers.Experience in the petroleum industry with aquifer behavior includes presence or lack of water influx and production from hydrocarbon reservoirs that share a common aquifer. Of particular importance is the observation that hydrostatic initial formation pressure indicates the possibility that a petroleum system, or an extended aquifer system without hydrocarbon accumulation(s), connects to atmospheric pressure through an unconfined aquifer. In such cases, indefinite injection will never increase the regional aquifer pressure. Furthermore, initial formation pressure that exceeds hydrostatic pressure implies a petroleum system or an extended aquifer system that is volumetrically limited. In such cases, injection will increase the system pressure, and pressure monitoring can detect leakage from the system. Finally, CO2 injection into an aquifer will displace brine in the direction of lower pressure that could relate to distant production from the same aquifer or from hydrocarbon reservoirs with which it communicates.Reasons for known carbon storage project interruptions have included unexpected lateral plume migration or aquifer pressure increase during CO2 injection that might have been anticipated with attention to straightforward consideration of aquifer-enabled hydraulic communication. Such extended aquifer dynamics must be included in long-term models for permanent CO2 storage during and after injection.
Multiobjective History Matching Using Machine Learning Proxies-Assisted Iterative Rejection Sampling
Authors: Wang Zhenzhen , Tanaka Shusei , Zhang Yanfen , Wen Xian-Huan 
Published: June 2024

Summary
The effectiveness of subsurface assessment for various field development scenarios relies on accurately quantifying uncertainties during production forecasts. This study proposes a new design-of-experiment (DoE)-based multiobjective history matching (HM) workflow using machine learning (ML) proxies-assisted iterative rejection sampling (IRS). The HM target is to improve the HM outcome of all the objectives simultaneously and attain a series of reliable simulation models for production forecasting after a predefined number of iterations. The IRS workflow takes full advantage of various proxies to efficiently explore the solution space via Monte Carlo (MC) sampling. The MC samples are iteratively rejected according to each objective function, and the new simulation designs for the next iteration are intentionally selected from the accepted MC samples to best preserve the subsurface uncertainty.
The strengths of IRS over the other two optimizers commonly used in the oil and gas industry, genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO), are validated through three applications—an analytic six-parameter three-objective minimization problem, a complex 120-parameter five-objective HM for Brugge field, and a 41-parameter three-objective HM study for an offshore asset in the Gulf of Mexico. By comparing the performance against GA and PSO, this study demonstrates that IRS is able to reduce the values of all the objectives rapidly and guarantees a better posterior distribution of simulation samples in the parameter space. Thus, IRS would yield a series of reliable simulation models with a close match to the observation data and preserve a high diversity of model parameters. These models can play an important role in modern reservoir management to facilitate the decision-making process. In addition, the IRS algorithm itself only costs 0.2–0.5% of the computational resource and 1.4–12.0% of the waiting time, according to the field study. To the best of our knowledge, the IRS workflow is the first one that integrates various types of ML proxies into the multiobjective HM process in the literature.
Experimental Study of Microproppant Transportation in a Fracture with Operational Factors and Application in a Shale Gas Field
Authors: Li Jun , Han Xu , He Siyuan , Wu Mingyi , Pu Sijie , Tang Kewen 
Published: June 2024

Summary
When using hydraulic fracturing technology, microproppants (MPs) are crucial in filling and propping natural and deep-location fracture channels. In the last decades, numerous studies focused on the transportation mechanism of conventional-sized proppants (CPs) with 20/40-mesh, 40/70-mesh, and 70/140-mesh sizes using fracture models with different operational factors such as pump rate, fluid viscosity, proppant size, proppant concentration, inlet number, inlet location, and alternating injection mode. However, the effects of these operational factors on MP transportation mechanisms remain unclear. This study used the experimental method to test how these factors affect proppant placement in the fracture model. Some new findings showed that unlike CPs piling up in the fracture models, MPs exhibited no accumulation/piling-up behavior. Moreover, the change in viscosity of fracturing fluid did not affect the MP transport capacity, making it possible to use slickwater with lower viscosity as the carrier liquid for MPs. Finally, adding MPs with optimal operational parameters to fractures in the case study well significantly improved gas production compared with adjacent wells, proving the feasibility of the proposed approach.
Hybrid Machine Learning Model Based on GWO and PSO Optimization for Prediction of Oilwell Cement Compressive Strength under Acidic Corrosion
Authors: Wang Li , Huang Sheng , Li Zaoyuan , Su Donghua , Liu Yang , Shi Yue 
Published: June 2024

Summary
It is difficult to solve the problem that the cement sheath of oil and gas wells is corroded by acid gas, and the change in compressive strength (CS) of the cement sheath after corrosion is the key to affecting the sealing capacity of the cement sheath. In this study, we used four traditional machine learning (ML) algorithms—artificial neural network (ANN), support vector machine regression (SVR), extreme learning machine (ELM), and random forest (RF)—to establish a model for predicting the CS of corroded cement stone. We used Shapley additive exPlanations (SHAP) to explain the influence process of the input characteristics of the model on the output results, and explored the influence mechanism of various factors on the CS. The results show that SVR and RF are two of the four models with better prediction ability. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) and gray wolf optimization (GWO) algorithms are used to optimize SVR and RF models. After optimization, the prediction accuracy determination coefficient (R2) of the SVR and RF models was higher than 0.90, the R2 of the optimal model PSO-RF was 0.9275, and the root mean square error (RMSE) was 2.6516.
Diet induced insulin resistance is due to induction of PTEN expression
Authors: Rosen Neal , Mukherjee Radha , Pancholi Priya , Sharma Malvika , Solomon Hilla , Timaul Merna , Thant Claire , McGriskin Rory , Hayatt Omar , Markov Vladimir , D'Allara John , Bekker Simona , Candelier Jacqueline , Carrasco Sebastian , de Stanchina Elisa , Vanaja Kiran 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is a condition that is often associated with obesity and defined by reduced sensitivity of PI3K signaling to insulin (insulin resistance), hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia. Molecular causes and early signaling events underlying insulin resistance are not well understood. Insulin activation of PI3K signaling causes mTOR dependent induction of PTEN translation, a negative regulator of PI3K signaling. We speculated that insulin resistance is due to insulin dependent induction of PTEN protein that prevent further increases in PI3K signaling. Here we show that in a diet induced model of obesity and insulin resistance, PTEN levels are increased in fat, muscle and liver tissues. Onset of hyperinsulinemia and PTEN induction in tissue is followed by hyperglycemia, hepatic steatosis and severe glucose intolerance. Treatment with a PTEN phosphatase inhibitor prevents and reverses these phenotypes, whereas an mTORC1 kinase inhibitor reverses all but the hepatic steatosis. These data suggest that induction of PTEN by increasing levels of insulin elevates feedback inhibition of the pathway to a point where downstream PI3K signaling is reduced and hyperglycemia ensues. PTEN induction is thus necessary for insulin resistance and the type 2 diabetes phenotype and a potential therapeutic target.
Naïve Bayes and Random Forest for Crop Yield Prediction
Authors: Maazallahi Abbas , Thota Sreehari , Kondaboina Naga Prasad , Muktineni Vineetha , Annem Deepthi , Rokkam Abhi Stephen , Amini Mohammad Hossein , Salari Mohammad Amir , Norouzzadeh Payam , Snir Eli , Rahmani Bahareh 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

This study analyzes crop yield prediction in India from 1997 to 2020, focusing on various crops and key environmental factors. It aims to predict agricultural yields by utilizing advanced machine learning techniques like Linear Regression, Decision Tree, KNN, Naïve Bayes, K-Mean Clustering, and Random Forest. The models, particularly Naïve Bayes and Random Forest, demonstrate high effectiveness, as shown through data visualizations. The research concludes that integrating these analytical methods significantly enhances the accuracy and reliability of crop yield predictions, offering vital contributions to agricultural data science.
Establishment of an efficient and wide-spectrum droplet-vitrification cryopreservation for raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) germplasm and assessments of genetic integrity and vegetative growth in the regenerants
Authors: Ma Xiao-Yan , Blystad Dag-Ragnar , Wang Qiao-Chun , Tong Lu , Stensbøl Øyvor , Zhang Dong , Hamborg ZHIBO 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

By optimizing size of shoot tips, preculture medium and exposure duration to PVS2, we established an efficient and wide-spectrum droplet-vitrification cryopreservation of shoot tips of raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.). This protocol yielded 80–100% and 67–100% of survival and shoot regrowth levels in cryopreserved shoot tips across 30 raspberry genotypes. Genetic integrity was assessed in cryo-derived regenerants after 3 months of post-cryopreservation using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR), single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs), and insertions and deletions (InDels). ISSR did not detect any polymorphic bands in the cryo-derived regenerants. Although the number of SNPs and InDels decreased in the cryo-derived regenerants, variation trends were similar between the cryo-derived regenerants and the control. Plant vegetative growth and root growth were assessed in the cryo-derived plants after 9 weeks of growth in greenhouse. There were no significant differences in plant vegetative growth measured by plant height, number of fully-opened leaved, leaf area, and fresh and dry weight between the cryo-derived plants and the control, although significant differences were observed in root growth measured by root total length, root average diameter and root volume between the two types of plants. The results obtained in the present study indicate that the droplet-vitrification method has great potential for cryopreservation of raspberry germplasm.
A Late Pennsylvanian macrofloral assemblage from wetland deposits in Morocco (Senhaja, Basin): a taxonomic contribution with biostratigraphy and paleogeography implication
Authors: Zouicha Amal , Aassoumi Habiba , Saber Hafid , Attari Ahmed El , Zouheir Tariq , Mazouar Aimad 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The sedimentary basin that overlies the deformed Variscan basement of the Moroccan Meseta has longtime been attributed to Pennsylvanian–Permian periods, largely based on lithological comparisons. We present a combined sedimentological and palaeontological study introducing a new palaeofloral assemblage from the Senhaja Basin in the Western Jebilet massif of Morocco. As a result, we refine the biostratigraphic age as most likely middle to upper Stephanian. Sedimentological data indicate that the floristic assemblage was fossilized in fine-grained sediments deposited in a lacustrine palaeoenvironment.
The macroflora of the Senhaja Basin provides woods, branches, pith casts, leaves and seeds preserved as compressions and impressions in siltstone and claystone. The fossil assemblage consists mainly of tree ferns dominated by the fossil-genus Pecopteris, various Sphenopsids represented by arborescent forms such as Calamites axes, Asterophyllites and Annularia leaves and the herbaceous form Sphenophyllum. Cordaitaleans are represented by their Cordaites-type leaves and Cardiocarpus-type reproductive organs. Conifer leafy twigs were identified as Walchia.
The taphonomic and sedimentological analyses allows recognition of two different taphofacies. Among them (1) lake deposits characterized by autochthonous and allochthonous elements in varied preservational condition, and (2) transverse bar deposits, which consist only of allochthonous elements showing higher mechanical degradation.
The statistical distribution of the Senhaja Basin macroflora shows preominating pecopterids, accompanied by cordaitaleans and sphenopsids representing mostly hygrophilous communities, which grew in humid lowland areas. Conifer remains are rare but indicate surrounding xerophilous stands. In total, The Senhaja Basin exhibits a macroflora typical for coeval assemblages of the Late Pennsylvanian in Europe and North America.
Mercury Sequestration in Alkaline Salt Low-Level Radioactive Waste
Authors: McCaslin Eric Ryan , Hill Katie Ann 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Liquid low-level radioactive waste at the Savannah River Site contains several species of mercury, including inorganic, elemental and methylmercury. This waste is solidified and stabilized in a cementitious waste form referred to as saltstone. Soluble mercury is stabilized as β-cinnabar, HgS as the result of reaction between the mercury and sulfur present in blast furnace slag, one of the cementitious regents. In this investigation, Mersorb®, a commercial granular activated carbon impregnated with sulfur, was evaluated as a pretreatment to remove mercury from the solution prior to cementation. Mersorb® was found to remove more than 96 mass percent of the methylmercury in simulated tank waste solution when the mass ratio of Mersorb® to mercury was above 2.5. Slag sequestered relatively more inorganic mercury than organic mercury in simulated tank waste after 24 hours of contact. This is likely due to the mercury-carbon bond being more covalent than the mercury-oxygen bond and therefore more difficult to break and slower to form HgS.
Exploring barriers experienced by elderly living with HIV related to their engagement in activities of daily living.
Authors: Nemakanga Mashudu , Ramano Enos , Mulaudzi Mavis 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
HIV places enormous stress on the well-being of infected elderly people when performing activities of daily living. Surviving with HIV can be extremely challenging at any age, however elderly people living with HIV have to be contended with physical, mental and psychological barriers. Both ageing and HIV infection can work separately or interactively to reduce their human immune response. Unmet needs related to activities of daily living among elderly people with HIV may lead to adverse consequences resulting in deteriorating health outcomes. The purpose of this research study was to explore barriers experienced by elderly living with HIV related to their engagement in activities of daily living.
Methods
An explorative qualitative study was conducted, using a purposive sampling method to recruit participants at three public healthcare district hospitals. The researcher conducted semi-structured Interviews of 10 focus group discussions with elderly people aged 60 years and above who had lived with HIV. The data was analysed thematically.
Results
The key themes that emerged included psychological, physical, and cognitive barriers. Furthermore, other barriers were functional mobility, change in sexual engagement, personal hygiene, eating challenges, and emotions associated with their HIV status.
Conclusions
This study concludes that elderly people living with HIV experience several barriers during their engagement in activities of daily living. Understanding the barriers of the elderly people living with HIV will inform the development of appropriate interventions to improve their well-being, health and quality of life. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop occupational therapy programme to assist in providing appropriate care for the elderly people living with HIV.