bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Well Spacing On Productivity Of Liquid Rich Shale (LRS) Reservoirs With Multiphase Flow: A Simulation Study
Authors: Khanal A.. , Khoshghadam M.. , Lee W. J. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
With the recent slump in the price of crude oil, it has become essential to improve the net present value (NPV) of unconventional reservoirs by intelligently down-spacing the horizontal wells with multistage fractures wells. Unconventional Liquid-Rich Shale (LRS) reservoirs, characterized by low permeability, require optimal well density in addition to stimulation for economic viability. Optimally designed multi-well facilities simplify well management and maintenance, prevent overcapitalization by eliminating redundant equipment and increase the overall long-term economic outlook of LRS plays.
This paper presents a systematic workflow to identify the best well spacing strategies for liquid rich shale (LRS) plays with multiple fluid gradients and significant multiphase flow. We analyzed the performance of wells with different spacing and fluid composition, ranging from volatile oil to rich gas condensate based on different initial in-situ solution gas oil ratios (GOR). Compositional reservoir simulation was performed on analog wells with drilling and completion techniques similar to several LRS plays to calculate EUR's for different well spacing scenarios. NPV analysis was performed for each case to identify the “cut-off' range, after which further down-spacing causes a negative NPV, with results varying for differen fluid compositions.
The results from the study show that the workflow presented in this paper provides a reliable tool to predict the performance of a various well-spacing conditions in a reservoir with multiphase flow. Well interference increased when well spacing was decreased below a certain threshold value, based on the initial fluid composition and other reservoir parameters. The wells cannibalized each other when they were too closely spaced resulting in lower per-well production. Furthermore, the increase in final cumulative production was negligible beyond a certain well spacing, making it economically unappealing. For gas condensates, reduced well spacing beyond a certain value showed a detrimental effect on final cumulative condensate production due to larger amounts of condensate dropout. We can conclude from the results that increases in NPV of LRS reservoirs require a careful implementation of optimal well spacing based on initial fluid and reservoir conditions.
This paper demonstrates that LRS reservoirs need optimal well spacing for optimum production and favorable NPV. It also provides a reliable methodology to identify proper well spacing for improved overall recovery based on different reservoir and fluid conditions.
Indications for and factors relating to outcome after rumenotomy or rumenostomy in cattle: 95 cases (1999–2011)
Authors: Hartnack Amanda K. , Niehaus Andrew J. , Rousseau Marjolaine , Pentecost Rebecca L. , Miesner Matt D. , Anderson David E. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate indications for and factors relating to outcome after rumenotomy or rumenostomy in cattle.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—95 cattle that underwent rumenotomy or rumenostomy.
Procedures—Medical records for 95 cattle that underwent either rumenostomy or rumenotomy at 2 veterinary teaching hospitals in 1999 through 2011 were analyzed. Reasons for the procedures were noted. Long-term outcome was determined during telephone interviews with owners.
Results—42 (44%) bovids underwent rumenostomy and 53 (56%) bovids underwent rumenotomy. Among the 42 animals undergoing rumenostomy, 18 (43%) had rumen cannulas placed during elective procedures. Other indications for rumenostomy included ruminal tympany (bloat [n = 20]), esophageal obstruction (choke [1]), grain overload (1), and provision of access for administration of enteral nutrition (2). Indications for rumenotomy included traumatic reticuloperitonitis (n = 31), bloat (9), foreign body (6), choke (5), and other (2). Long-term follow-up data were available for 31 of 42 (74%) bovids that underwent rumenostomy. Of those 31 animals, 17 (55%) were still in the herd, 4 (13%) had been culled, and 10 (32%) had died or were euthanized. Long-term follow-up data were available for 38 of 53 (72%) bovids that underwent rumenotomy. Of those 38 animals, 13 (34%) were still in the herd, 14 (37%) had been culled, and 11 (29%) had died or been euthanized.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that rumenotomy and rumenostomy can be effective in treating or relieving complications secondary to forestomach disorders in cattle. Bovids undergoing rumen surgery had a favorable prognosis for survival and a fair prognosis for potential return to production.
The Longitudinal Reliability and Responsiveness of the OMERACT Hand Osteoarthritis Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scoring System (HOAMRIS)
Authors: Haugen Ida K. , Eshed Iris , Gandjbakhch Frederique , Foltz Violaine , Østergaard Mikkel , Bøyesen Pernille , Bird Paul , Genant Harry K. , Peterfy Charles G. , Conaghan Philip G. 
Published: September 2015

Objective.To evaluate the interreader reliability of change scores and the responsiveness of the OMERACT Hand Osteoarthritis (OA) Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) Scoring System (HOAMRIS).Methods.Paired MRI (baseline and 5-yr followup) from 20 patients with hand OA were scored with known time sequence by 3 readers according to the HOAMRIS: Synovitis, erosive damage, cysts, osteophytes, cartilage space loss, malalignment, and bone marrow lesions (BML; 0–3 scales with 0.5 increments for synovitis, erosive damage, and BML). Interreader reliability for status and change scores were assessed by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), percentage exact agreement and percentage close agreement (PEA/PCA), and smallest detectable change (SDC). Responsiveness was assessed by standardized response means (SRM).Results.Cross-sectional interreader ICC were good to very good (≥ 0.74) for all features except synovitis, cysts, and malalignment (ICC 0.50–0.58). The range of change values was small, leading to low ICC for change scores. The SDC values for sum scores (total range 0–24) varied between 1.97–3.05 (except 1.08 for malalignment). For status scores, PEA/PCA on scores in individual joints across the readers were 8.1–50.0 and 43.8–78.1, respectively. Similarly, PEA/PCA for change scores were 20.6–63.8 and 66.3–93.1, respectively. All features except cysts and BML demonstrated good responsiveness with higher SRM for sum scores (range 0.46–1.62) than for scores in individual joints (range 0.24–0.73).Conclusion.Good to very good interreader ICC values were found for cross-sectional readings, whereas the longitudinal reliability was lower because of a smaller range of change scores. All features, except cysts and BML, showed good responsiveness.
Factors Associated with the Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Korean Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Han Minkyung , Sung Yoon-Kyoung , Cho Soo-Kyung , Kim Dam , Won Soyoung , Choi Chan-Bum , Bang So-Young , Cha Hoon-Suk , Choe Jung-Yoon , Chung Won Tae , Hong Seung-Jae , Jun Jae-Bum , Jung Young Ok , Kim Seong-Kyu , Kim Tae-Hwan , Koh Eunmi , Lee Hye-Soon , Lee Jisoo , Lee Joo-Hyun , Lee Shin-Seok , Nah Seong-Su , Shim Seung-Cheol , Yoo Dae-Hyun , Yoo Wan-Hee , Yoon Bo Young , Jee Sun Ha , Bae Sang-Cheol 
Published: September 2015

Objective.Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that is often painful and debilitating. Patients with RA are increasingly receiving complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). We aimed to identify the patient characteristics and disease-specific factors associated with Korean patients with RA who decide to start treatment with CAM.Methods.Among the total 5371 patients with RA in the KORean Observational study Network for Arthritis (KORONA), 2175 patients who had no experience with CAM were included in our study. In our study, we assessed the frequency of new incident CAM use, its patterns, and the predictive factors of new CAM use.Results.Of the 2175 patients, 229 patients (10.5%) newly started receiving CAM within a year of enrolling in the cohort. Of those who started treatment with CAM, 17.0% received only herbal medicine, 54.6% only acupuncture treatments (7.0% used a combination of both), and 21.4% “Other” (e.g., physical therapy and placental extract injections). Women (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.13–3.14) and patients with depression (OR 3.52, 95% CI 1.65–7.50) were significantly more likely to be treated with CAM. Regarding household types, patients who lived in an extended family (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.08–2.95) or as part of a couple (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.07–2.24) were more likely to be treated with CAM than patients living in a nuclear family.Conclusion.Our study found, within a year, an incidence rate of 10.5% for new CAM use among patients with no previous experience with CAM. Sex, depression, and household type were significantly associated with new CAM use.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings following Intraarticular Infliximab Therapy for Refractory Temporomandibular Joint Arthritis among Children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Stoll Matthew Laurence , Vaid Yoginder Nath , Guleria Saurabh , Beukelman Timothy , Waite Peter Daniel , Cron Randy Quentin 
Published: September 2015

Objective.To evaluate the involvement of intraarticular (IA) infliximab (IFX) in the management of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthritis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) that is refractory to systemic treatment and IA corticosteroid therapy.Methods.Ours was a retrospective study of children with JIA who received IA IFX into the TMJ. The effectiveness of treatment on the progression of acute and chronic changes was assessed by a quantitative magnetic resonance imaging scoring system.Results.Median acute and chronic scores worsened by 0.25 and 0.75, respectively. In multivariate analysis, worsening acute scores and passage of time predicted worsening of the chronic scores.Conclusion.IA IFX allowed for progression of refractory TMJ arthritis in most but not all children with JIA.
Not All SCID Pigs Are Created Equally: Two Independent Mutations in the Artemis Gene Cause SCID in Pigs
Authors: Waide Emily H. , Dekkers Jack C. M. , Ross Jason W. , Rowland Raymond R. R. , Wyatt Carol R. , Ewen Catherine L. , Evans Alyssa B. , Thekkoot Dinesh M. , Boddicker Nicholas J. , Serão Nick V. L. , Ellinwood N. Matthew , Tuggle Christopher K. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Mutations in &gt;30 genes are known to result in impairment of the adaptive immune system, causing a group of disorders collectively known as SCID. SCID disorders are split into groups based on their presence and/or functionality of B, T, and NK cells. Piglets from a line of Yorkshire pigs at Iowa State University were shown to be affected by T−B−NK+ SCID, representing, to our knowledge, the first example of naturally occurring SCID in pigs. In this study, we present evidence for two spontaneous mutations as the molecular basis for this SCID phenotype. Flow cytometry analysis of thymocytes showed an increased frequency of immature T cells in SCID pigs. Fibroblasts from these pigs were more sensitive to ionizing radiation than non-SCID piglets, eliminating the RAG1 and RAG2 genes. Genetic and molecular analyses showed that two mutations were present in the Artemis gene, which in the homozygous or compound heterozygous state cause the immunodeficient phenotype. Rescue of SCID fibroblast radiosensitivity by human Artemis protein demonstrated that the identified Artemis mutations are the direct cause of this cellular phenotype. The work presented in the present study reveals two mutations in the Artemis gene that cause T−B−NK+ SCID in pigs. The SCID pig can be an important biomedical model, but these mutations would be undesirable in commercial pig populations. The identified mutations and associated genetic tests can be used to address both of these issues.
Restauración ecológica post-incendio de un bosque mixto de Pinus-Quercus del noreste de México
Authors: Alanís-Rodríguez Eduardo , Valdecantos-Dema Alejandro , Jiménez-Pérez Javier , Rubio-Camacho Ernesto A. , Yerena-Yamallel José I. , González-Tagle Marco A. 
Published: September 2015

La presente investigación se desarrolló en un bosque de Pinus-Quercus en el Parque Ecológico Chipinque (noreste de México), el cual fue afectado por un incendio forestal y sometido a tratamiento de restauración ecológica. Los objetivos fueron evaluar el establecimiento artificial de Pinus pseudostrobus (Lindl.) y analizar el efecto de las barreras de retención de suelo después de 10 años de su instalación. Para ello se estableció un área de estudio con tratamiento de restauración ecológica y otra área sin tratamiento en las que se muestreó la comunidad vegetal y la profundidad del suelo. De acuerdo con los resultados, se registró 35 % de supervivencia de la plantación, la cual se considera como no aceptable. Las barreras de retención de suelo tuvieron efecto positivo, pues incrementaron la profundidad del suelo hasta 25 %. Con la investigación se concluye que las técnicas de restauración post-incendio aplicadas han sido eficaces, ya que incorporan una especie clave de ecosistemas maduros y evitan la pérdida de suelo por arrastre, por lo que se recomienda su uso en rodales de Pinus-Quercus afectados por incendios en la Sierra Madre Oriental.
From Mesopotamia through Carroll Quigley to Bill Clinton: World Historical Systems, the Civilizationist, and the President
Authors: Wilkinson David 
Published: September 2015

The noted comparative civilizationist and world-historical systems analyst Carroll Quigley, whose theorizing rested on the whole historical span from Mesopotamia to the 1960's, was a teacher well-remembered by his student Bill Clinton. Quigley, by an intensive process of reduction, or rather idealization, of masses of historical data, derived a procedure for the diagnosis and therapy of ailing civilizations/world-systems, especially the one which he inhabited. The coherent, persistent and personal motifs of the policy discourse and variant initiatives of his student, the President, bear more than a passing resemblance to the hopeful, idealistic, voluntaristic, intellectual, scientific, economistic, demi-materialistic propensities of the civilizationist and teacher.
Activated-platelet targeting of CD39 as a potential way forward
Authors: Hohmann J. D. , Peter K. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryAntiplatelet therapy is given to millions of patients and has saved numerous lives. However, it is also associated with complications including fatal bleedings. Clinically used antiplatelet drugs seem to follow the rule of an inherent link of improved anti-thrombotic potency with increased risk of bleeding complications. Therefore, there is an ongoing quest to develop drugs that are able to break this link that has prevented many patients from receiving antiplatelet protection and has resulted in substantial mortality and morbidity. We describe a new antiplatelet approach that is based on an recombinant antibody protein, a drug format that has recently attracted major interest. Two unique components are genetically combined in this molecule: 1) The ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase NTPDase CD39, which enzymatically degrades ATP and ADP to AMP, which is then further degraded to adenosine by the endothelially expressed CD73. Thereby, the platelet activating ADP is reduced and replaced by the platelet inhibiting adenosine resulting in a strong antiplatelet effect. 2) A single-chain antibody (scFv) that specifically binds to the activated GPIIb/IIIa receptor and thus allows targeting to activated platelets. The described fusion protein results in strong enrichment of CD39’s antiplatelet effect, resulting in potent inhibition of platelet adhesion and aggregation and thrombosis in mice. The activated platelet targeting allows using a low systemic concentration that does not interfere with normal haemostasis and thus does not cause bleeding time prolongation in mice. Conclusion: We describe a new antiplatelet approach that promises to deliver strong localized antithrombotic effects without associated bleeding problems.
From Hyperinsulinemia to Cancer Progression: How Diminishing Glucose Storage Capacity Fuels Insulin Resistance
Authors: Kareva Irina 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundType 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and hyperinsulinemia. A significant portion of individuals with T2D are unaware of their condition until it has reached advanced stages. T2D is also associated with an increased risk and worse prognosis of cardiovascular disease, cognitive decline, and cancer. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the emergence of insulin resistance is critical for improving early detection and therapeutic interventions.MethodsAn updated framework is proposed to describe the emergence of insulin resistance that precedes the development of T2D. The model focuses on the impact of diminishing capacity to store excess glucose, which can occur due to a multitude of factors, including age‐related muscle loss. The model is used to simulate responses to oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) to capture the transition from a normal to a diabetic phenotype, as defined by the Kraft criteria. Additionally, the model is used to explore how the metabolic environment influences tumor progression, drawing on experimental data regarding the impact of transient diabetic phenotypes and hyperinsulinemia on cancer therapy efficacy.ResultsThe model successfully demonstrates that reduced glucose storage capacity can qualitatively reproduce the progression from normal to diabetic phenotypes observed in OGTT responses. Furthermore, it shows that tumor progression or regression is highly dependent on the host's metabolic environment, particularly hyperinsulinemia. This aligns with experimental results that connect drug‐induced hyperinsulinemia to a loss of therapeutic efficacy against tumors, whereas the reversal of the diabetic phenotype could restore drug sensitivity and treatment response.ConclusionsThis study highlights the critical role of hyperinsulinemia, even in normoglycemic individuals, in both the progression of T2D and the modulation of cancer therapy outcomes. Addressing hyperinsulinemia emerges as a promising strategy to enhance cancer treatment efficacy and improve overall health outcomes in patients with or at risk for T2D.
Multifunctional Tactile Sensors for Object Recognition
Authors: Wang Linglu , Qi Xiangyu , Li Chuanbo , Wang Yang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHumans can grab and identify objects by capturing the features of physical shape, temperature, and material. However, creating artificial sensors with finger‐like tactile capabilities is challenging due to the contradiction between structural compliance and multifunctional sensing. Here, a sensory system for a robot hand that can achieve object recognition is reported. The sensor with a simple horizontal sensing structure can respond to strain, material, and temperature stimuli using piezoresistive, triboelectric, and thermoelectric effects. A machine learning algorithm to train and classify tactile sensing signals, enabling a high accuracy of 98.5% in recognizing five objects is also developed. This work contributes to the development of sensory systems for object recognition in soft robotics.
Leidenfrost Effect‐Induced Chaotic Vortex Flow for Efficient Mixing of Highly Viscous Droplets
Authors: Liu Minjie , Ji Bingqiang , Dang Chaoqun , Zhao Fuwang , Zhang Chao , Jin Yuankai , Jiang Mengnan , Lu Yang , Tang Hui , Wang Steven , Wang Zuankai 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEfficiently mixing highly viscous liquids in microfluidic systems is appealing for green chemistry such as chemical synthesis and catalysis, but it is a long‐standing challenge owing to the unfavorable diffusion kinetics. In this work, a new strategy is explored for mixing viscous droplets by harnessing a peculiar Leidenfrost state, where the substrate temperature is above the boiling point of the liquid without apparent liquid evaporation. Compared to the control experiment where the droplet stays at a similar temperature but in the contact boiling regime, the mixing time can be reduced significantly. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the liquid mixing originates from the chaotic convection flow in the Leidenfrost droplet, characterized by the internal vortex motion evidenced by the microscale visualization. A correlation between mixing time and droplet volume is also proposed, showing a good agreement with experimental results. It is further shown that Leidenfrost droplets can be used to synthesize nanoparticles of the desired morphology, and it is anticipated that this simple and scalable fabrication approach will find applications in the biological, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries.
High‐Efficiency Hybrid White Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with Extremely Low Efficiency Roll‐Off and Superior Color Stability Enabled by an Emitting System with Imidazole‐Biphenyl Derivatives
Authors: Liu Hui , Liu Futong , Cheng Zhuang , Yan Yan , Wan Liang , Hu Yin , Xu Yangze , Ma Xiaobo , Lu Ping 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHybride white organic light‐emitting diodes (WOLEDs) have experienced great success as a prospective technology for the new generation lighting source. Nevertheless, WOLEDs exhibiting excellent effciency and good color stability at high operation brightness are still rare. Herein, a simple but efficient blue molecule, pyrenoimidazole‐biphenyl (PPyIM), which exhibits promising external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 7.6% and 7.2% at the luminescence of 1000 −and 5000 cd m−2 in nondoped blue OLED, is first developed. And then, phenanthroimidazole‐biphenyl (PPIM) with analogous molecular skeleton of PPyIM is chosen as the host of phosphorescent dye PO‐01, and the resulting doped device achieves excellent EQE of 26.5% at the high luminescence of 5000 cd m−2. Furthermore, adopting PPyIM as nondoped blue emissive layer, the two‐color hybrid WOLED exhibites stable warm white emission with CIE coordinates of (0.454, 0.439), color rendering index (CRI) of 45, and correlated color temperature (CCT) of 2996 K. The maximum EQE reaches 23.5%, and the EQE still maintains 21.2% even at the luminance of 5000 cd m−2. Notably, this device exhibits exceptionally stable warm white emission, the CIE coordinates variation is only (0.004, 0.003) in the wide luminance range from 400 to 10000 cd m−2, representing the best outcome for hybrid WOLEDs to date.
Model‐based fault diagnosis for safety‐critical chemical reactors: An experimental study
Authors: Du Pu , Wilhite Benjamin , Kravaris Costas 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis article presents an experimental application of fault detection, isolation, and estimation in a chemical reactor system, introducing a functional observer‐based approach without the need for linear approximation. The residual signal generators, functioning as disturbance‐decoupled functional observers, provide fault size estimates and enable fault isolation through multiple generators operating independently. The experimental study focuses on the 3‐Picoline oxidation process, deriving a discrete‐time model, and constructing specific residual generators for coolant inlet temperature and feed concentration faults. Fault diagnosis employs Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) filtering and Generalized Likelihood Ratio (GLR), facilitating on‐the‐fly detection during the experiment. The effectiveness of fault detection, disturbance decoupling, and estimation is experimentally validated.