bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal runner design for balanced filling in a multi‐cavity mold using a two‐stage analytical approach
Authors: Yang Bo‐Yu , Lin Chung‐Chih 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn a multi‐cavity mold, parts from each cavity have consistent properties if the runner system ensures balanced melt‐front advancement. An unbalanced mold, however, narrows the processing window, complicating quality control and making it harder to maintain standards. Molds with an inherently balanced filling, such as the H‐type runner system, are preferred. However, as the number of cavities increases, improvements are needed to address the issues caused by shear heating. Additionally, the material waste in the H‐type runner system is significantly greater than in the fishbone runner system. Based on the rheological concept, a two‐stage analytical approach is established to optimize the fishbone runner system. The diameter of each runner in the fishbone runner system is optimized by controlling pressure drop and remaining time to achieve balanced filling. The impact of these factors is thoroughly examined, as well as why they must be controlled during optimization. The proposed work links the physical situation to its mathematical model, proving highly beneficial for new runner system designs, especially without commercial software assistance.Highlights
A new approach to solving unbalanced filling in multi‐cavity molds.
Pressure drop and remaining time are key factors for optimization.
Two‐stage analytical approach ensures optimization accuracy.
The optimal runner system reduces injection pressure for molding.
An alternative method for designing fishbone runners without CAE assistance.
Eco‐sustainable printing of cellulosic polymeric material using bio‐colorants and bio‐crosslinkers
Authors: Ahmed Faisal , Repon Md. Reazuddin , Pranta Arnob Dhar , Ragib Yasar Md. Sayed , Rakib Md. Faisal , Ahmed Ishtiak , Emon Toufiq Ahmed , Nishat Tarakul Alam 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA sustainable solution to lessen environmental damage, improve health and fulfill the increasing need for environmentally conscious goods might be for the textile industry to use eco‐friendly printing techniques and natural colors. Without the use of toxic metal‐based mordants, this research work set out to examine how natural thickeners, biomordants, and dyes interacted when printed on cotton knit fabric. Two natural dyes from natural resources leaves Jujube leaves (JL) and Eucalyptus bark (EB) were extracted in an aqueous medium. A printing paste was produced using different proportions of two bio‐mordants. For an eco‐friendly printing process, tamarind seeds, and Indian gooseberries were used that have been extracted using a Soxhlet apparatus at 80°C for 8 h. All but a handful of samples using natural binders showed outstanding fastness in the printed sample which was graded 4 or 5. The development of the dye‐fiber bond was indicated by the presence of an intense covalent bond between the dye and fiber molecules as indicated by FTIR. The CMC lab data and K/S value of the printed samples were also obtained satisfactorily with maximum RFL value 77.319 and K/s value 1.659. This method not only lessens the environmental impact of the sector but also supports a better and more ecologically sensitive manufacturing technique. Moreover, sustainable apparel, household textiles, technical fabrics, and environmentally friendly packaging can all benefit from eco‐friendly printing using bio‐colorants and bio‐crosslinkers.Highlights
Eco‐friendly printing on cotton using jujube and eucalyptus dyes reduces environmental harm.
Bio‐mordants from tamarind seeds and gooseberry effectively replace harmful metal‐based mordants.
Printed samples show excellent fastness ratings of 4–5, proving the quality of eco‐friendly printing.
FTIR analysis confirms strong covalent bonds between dye and fiber molecules.
This method supports sustainability by using renewable, biodegradable resources in textile production.
A study of poly(pentaerythritol triallyl ether) embolic granules with medium swelling properties using for vascular embolizations against hepatocellar carcinoma
Authors: Lin Lingyin , Lin Runxing , Li Xufeng , Zhou Yanfang , Zhao Xiaotian , Huang Wanqiu , Li Qiuxia , Huang Yugang , Wang He , Ye Guodong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractInterventional embolotherapy is widely used in clinical treatment of conservative liver cancer. This method has many advantages, such as good targeting, mild trauma, and low complications. The operation of transcatheter arterial embolization is to inject embolic microspheres into the arterial blood vessels of diseased organs, so as to occlude them and interrupt the blood supply, thus achieving the therapeutic purpose. However, there are still some deficiencies in clinical materials, for example catheter obstruction or vascular regeneration. In this study, pentaerythritol triallyl ether (APE) and its esterified product APEAA were used to prepare new polymeric amorphous embolic granules (PAPE and PAPEAA). The purpose is to overcome the excessive swelling problems of traditional polyvinyl alcohol granules (PVA). We verified that PAPE and PAPEAA were quickly and efficiently polymerized by photo‐driven radical‐mediated [3 + 2] cyclopolymerization mechanism (PRMC). RT‐FTIR was used to explore the best route of photopolymerization initiated by four photoinitiators. Four physical properties experiments all prove that the particle has good physical properties. In vivo animal experiments, it is confirmed that the particles can achieve the expected effect and have good biological safety. The results show that the amorphous granules can meet the requirements of clinical injection and can be used as a new embolic material.
Optimization of fiber content, length and its effect on overall properties of Licuala grandis leaf stalk fiber/polyester reinforced bio‐composites
Authors: Kumar Siga Selvin Deva , Resselian Rajesh , Manoharan Dev Anand , Thooyavan Yesudhasan , Binoj Joseph Selvi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDespite their better mechanical qualities, plant fibers are now appreciated enough to be employed as an additional component in composite manufacture rather than synthetic materials. Industries are making efforts to preserve nature's ecological equilibrium in order to avoid catastrophic natural disasters. This study investigated thermal, mechanical, morphological, and moisture‐capture capabilities of Licuala grandis leaf stalk fibers (LGLSFs) reinforced in an unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) matrix biocomposite. Biocomposites were fabricated by compression molding technology, with different weight ratios and sizes. The biocomposite containing 30 wt.% and 5 mm length LGLSF had best mechanical properties, with equal impact (5.4 J/cm2), hardness (70.4 HRRW), flexural (58 MPa), and tensile (64.9 MPa) values. Furthermore, prolonging LGLSF reinforcement to 15 mm increased the bio‐composite specimen's tensile, flexural, hardness, and impact characteristics by 9.09%, 9.65%, 14.8%, and 6.25%, respectively. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) spectra were analyzed to determine the bio‐composite's feasibility for commercial use. The bio‐composite specimen is ideal for usage in vehicle and aviation upholstery due to its sufficient hydrophobicity, lowered density, and heat resistance up to 236 °C, which are accomplished through a sufficient weight ratio of LGLSF and UPR, as well as LGLSF dimensions.
Elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor in people with cystic fibrosis and rare mutations
Authors: Fainardi Valentina , Cresta Federico , Sorio Claudio , Melotti Paola , Pesce Emanuela , Deolmi Michela , Longo Francesco , Karina Kleinfelder , Esposito Susanna , Pisi Giovanna 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe triple combination of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI) has dramatically improved the outcome of people with Cystic Fibrosis (pwCF) with at least one F508del mutation. However, carriers of rare cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) variants are not candidates for this innovative treatment.MethodsIn this observational study, we report the results of the compassionate use of ETI in 10 pwCF carriers of rare mutations after 2 months of treatment. Rectal organoids and short‐term cultures of nasal epithelium obtained from rectal suction biopsies and nasal brushing were obtained from four subjects.ResultsAfter 2 months of ETI, all patients (4 males, mean age 30.1 ± 13.3 years) showed a significant increase of FEV1% predicted values [+8.0 (3.5–12.7) %, p < 0.010], body mass index [+0.85 (0–1.22) kg/m2, p < 0.020] and cystic fibrosis questionnaire‐revised [+19.5 (6.3–29.2) points, p < 0.009]. A significant decrease of sweat chloride concentration [–11.2 (–1.7 to −34.0) mmol/L, p < 0.020] and exacerbations [–1.5 (–2 to –1), p < 0.008] was also recorded. Overall, 7 out of 10 participants were considered full responders. All patients reported cough disappearance (n = 3) or reduction (n = 7). Long‐term oxygen was discontinued in two out of three patients and one also stopped noninvasive ventilation and was removed from the lung transplantation waiting list.ConclusionsDespite the limited number of cases, our results support the use of CFTR modulators in patients with rare CFTR variants that are not currently approved for ETI in Europe.
European Union border technology in Africa: Experiences en route
Authors: Uzomah Ngozi Louis 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe EU externalisation policy on border management and migration control in Africa has increasingly relied on the use of technology in recent times. This paper examines how these technological interventions for border governance in Africa infringe on migrants' rights and mobility patterns. Exploring the effect of deployment of Migration Information Data Analysis System in Nigeria, risk analysis cells in Niger and biometric registration of migrants in Mauritania, the study finds infringements on the migration pattern of the people. The biometric exercise in Mauritania hampers the northward movement of mainly male migrants, aged between 18 and 46, who are mostly from Senegal, Gambia, Nigeria, Guinea Conakry and Mali. Data collected from these migrants, are shared on EU digital platforms, between IOM, Europol and FRONTEX, and can be used to facilitate their deportation as they approach Europe's border space. While emphasising the significance of this work on the geography of population movement, this paper argues that the use of EU‐funded technological projects for border management infringes on the historical cross‐border mobility in North and West Africa which is essential for socioeconomic exchanges and escaping conflicts. It highlights these restrictive practices as mirroring the hegemonic relationship between Europe and Africa that reinforces colonial‐era violence at Africa's border space. The paper draws from non‐participatory observation, instant interactions and 78 semi‐structured interviews conducted with migrants, cross‐border traders, government officials, civil society organisations, motorists, residents and the media along two major migration routes: between Nigeria and Niger and between Mauritania and Western Sahara (Morocco).
Petal‐like Bimetallic Pt−Pd Dendrites Loaded on Polyaniline/Carbon Nanotube Supports for Effective Methanol Electrooxidation
Authors: Yan Yuqian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this work, a facile synthesis procedure was developed to deposit Pt−Pd dendrites using the chronopotentiometry (CP) method on polyaniline/carbon nanotube composites. The morphology of the bimetallic Pt−Pd dendrites exhibited a petal‐like shape. The results indicated that multi‐walled carbon nanotubes with larger diameters (approximately 60 nm) demonstrated enhanced support capabilities for achieving uniform dispersion of Pt−Pd dendrites. The electrochemical mass activity for methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) of Pt72Pd28/PANI/CNTs composites reached 670 mA mg−1Pt+Pd, representing a 1.2‐fold increase compared to that of Pt/C. Moreover, the If/Ib value of Pt72Pd28/PANI/CNTs catalyst was 1.9 times higher than that of Pt/C catalyst. Notably, the Pt72Pd28 dendrites displayed superior catalytic performance and COad tolerance in comparison to commercial Pt/C catalysts, as evidenced by their high mass activity and If/Ib value. These research findings present a novel approach for preparing highly active Pt−Pd binary catalysts.
Liver‐on‐a‐Chip Integrated with Label‐Free Optical Biosensors for Rapid and Continuous Monitoring of Drug‐Induced Toxicity
Authors: Yang Jia‐Wei , Khorsandi Danial , Trabucco Luis , Ahmed Maisha , Khademhosseini Ali , Dokmeci Mehmet Remzi , Ye Jing Yong , Jucaud Vadim 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDrug toxicity assays using conventional 2D static cultures and animal studies have limitations preventing the translation of potential drugs to the clinic. The recent development of organs‐on‐a‐chip platforms provides promising alternatives for drug toxicity/screening assays. However, most studies conducted with these platforms only utilize single endpoint results, which do not provide real‐time/ near real‐time information. Here, a versatile technology is presented that integrates a 3D liver‐on‐a‐chip with a label‐free photonic crystal‐total internal reflection (PC‐TIR) biosensor for rapid and continuous monitoring of the status of cells. This technology can detect drug‐induced liver toxicity by continuously monitoring the secretion rates and levels of albumin and glutathione S‐transferase α (GST‐α) of a 3D liver on‐a‐chip model treated with Doxorubicin. The PC‐TIR biosensor is based on a one‐step antibody functionalization with high specificity and a detection range of 21.7 ng mL−1 to 7.83 x 103 ng mL−1 for albumin and 2.20 ng mL−1 to 7.94 x 102 ng mL−1 for GST‐α. This approach provides critical advantages for the early detection of drug toxicity and improved temporal resolution to capture transient drug effects. The proposed proof‐of‐concept study introduces a scalable and efficient plug‐in solution for organ‐on‐a‐chip technologies, advancing drug development and in vitro testing methods by enabling timely and accurate toxicity assessments.
Bifunctional Bismuth‐Based Layered Double Hydroxide Sonosensitizer for Magnetic Resonance Imaging‐Guided Sonodynamic Cancer Therapy
Authors: Cao Min , Yang Shuqing , Li Jie , Yang Yu , Zhan Linsen , Wang Tao , Hu Tingting , Liang Ruizheng , Li Zhangping 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNovel inorganic sonosensitizers with excellent reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation activity and multifunctionality are appealing in sonodynamic therapy (SDT). Herein, amorphous bismuth (Bi)‐doped CoFe‐layered double hydroxide (a‐CoBiFe‐LDH) nanosheets are proposed via crystalline‐to‐amorphous phase transformation strategy as a new type of bifunctional sonosensitizer, which allows ultrasound (US) to trigger ROS generation for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐guided SDT. Importantly, a‐CoBiFe‐LDH nanosheets exhibit much higher ROS generation activity (≈6.9 times) than that of traditional TiO2 sonosensitizer under US irradiation, which can be attributed to the acid etching‐induced narrow band gap, high electron (e−)/hole (h+) separation efficiency and inhibited e−/h+ recombination. In addition, the paramagnetic properties of Fe ion endow a‐CoBiFe‐LDH with excellent MRI contrast ability, making it a promising contrast agent for T2‐weighted MRI. After modification with polyethylene glycol, a‐CoBiFe‐LDH nanosheets can function as a high‐efficiency sonosensitizer to activate p53, MAPK, oxidative phosphorylation, and apoptosis‐related signaling pathways, ultimately inducing cell apoptosis in vitro and tumor ablation in vivo under US irradiation, which shows great potential for clinical cancer treatment.
Modeling of a Single‐Band‐Ratiometric Sensor Based on Lattice Positive Thermal Expansion in Eu3+‐Activated Halide Perovskite Cs2NaEuCl6
Authors: Rao Zhihui , Zhao Xiujian , Gong Xiao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRecently, single‐band ratiometric (SBR) thermometry has emerged as an innovative approach to traditional fluorescence thermometry, overcoming uncertainties associated with emission spectrum overlap or scattering while maintaining high spatial resolution and remote monitoring. This paper presents a novel Cs2NaEuCl6 perovskite prepared through a slow‐cooling solution method. Additionally, it proposes a temperature sensor model that relies on the thermal quenching of charge‐transfer state absorption. Mechanical studies highlight the role of lattice positive thermal expansion in affecting Eu3+ emission. Conversely, a significant emission enhancement is observed upon excitation corresponding to both the ground state and excited state absorption. The distinct luminescent behavior of this Eu3+‐activated halide perovskite model makes it suitable for developing a highly sensitive SBR‐type sensor with a relative sensitivity (Sr) exceeding 1.5% K−1 and temperature resolution (𝛿T) below 1 K at room temperature. Furthermore, it demonstrates the thermal stability during multiple heating‐cooling cycles. Finally, the practical applicability of the proposed SBR model is demonstrated by employing a self‐manufactured film sensor that enables precise real‐time temperature detection for electronic components. The work is regarded as a significant stride toward the development of cutting‐edge and exquisitely sensitive thermometers based on lanthanide‐based halide double perovskites.
Recent progress in stimuli‐activable metallo‐prodrugs for cancer therapy
Authors: Liang Jinzhe , Wei Fangmian , Chao Hui 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe clinical approval of platinum‐based drugs has prompted the development of novel metallo‐complexes during the last several decades, while severe problems, especially for poor water solubility, drug resistance and toxicity in patients, greatly hindered the clinical trials and curative efficacy. To address these issues, the concept of metallo‐prodrugs has been proposed for oncology. Some stimuli‐activable metallo‐prodrugs provide new insights for designing and preparing site‐specific prodrugs with maximized therapeutic efficacy and negligible unfavorable by‐effects. In this review, recent progress in stimuli‐activable metallo‐prodrugs in the past 20 years has been overviewed, where endogenous and exogenous stimuli have been involved. Typical examples of smart stimuli‐activable metallo‐prodrugs are discussed regarding to their molecular structure, activation mechanism, and promising biomedical applications. In the end, challenges and future perspectives in metallo‐prodrugs have been discussed.
The Dinaric Karst in Environmental History Perspective: Conclusions, Contextualisations, and Outlook
Authors: Zwitter Žiga , Fuerst-Bjeliš Borna , Mrgić Jelena , Petrić Hrvoje , Zorn Matija 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis chapter concludes the volume Environmental Histories of the Dinaric Karst, which examines the historical interactions between humans and the rest of nature from prehistory to the twenty-first century. The monograph at hand focuses on the most prominent features of karstic cultural landscapes, environmental conditions, and environmental change, as well as on the dynamics of the hazards and risks through time. This section provides further long-term and socio-economic history contextualisations to the environmental history data that is analysed, synthesised, interpreted, and explained in the previous chapters. This represents a starting point for a critical reflection on the environmental degradation and improvement narratives in the history of the Dinaric Karst. In the end, a selection of fundamental research desiderata is listed.
Landscape Change and Fire Risk in the Croatian Dinaric Karst: Looking Back and Moving Forward
Authors: Tekić Ivan , Fuerst-Bjeliš Borna , Durbešić Anamarija , Radeljak Kaufmann Petra , Cvitanović Marin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn recent decades, there has been a strong trend of abandonment of traditional land uses in the Mediterranean region, leading to changes in vegetation cover and an increase in the risk of wildfires. One of the areas where anthropogenic changes in land cover have been especially prominent is the Croatian Dinaric Karst. Focusing on the last two centuries, this research contributes to the understanding of historical links between socio-economic, demographic and landscape changes that occurred in three main Dinaric socio-environmental zones (the hinterland, the littoral and the islands) and explores how they have shaped the development of fire-prone landscapes in the study region. Through a mixed-method approach, different data sources are utilised, including the analysis of existing literature, archival sources, recent comparative forestry, satellite and fieldwork data. Finally, the paper also focuses on possible future changes in the context of three development scenarios, aiming to explore how to manage and protect these landscapes at a time when both population and climate are quickly changing.
Digitalization in Pediatrics in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Rationale and Directions
Authors: Sargsyan Sergey 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDigital healthcare applications are impacting all fields of healthcare, including pediatrics and pediatric research. However, the speed at which this is achieved remains highly dependent on the implementation context. Pediatricians, family doctors and nurses, as well as healthcare managers are faced with the promise and challenges of introducing these technologies into routine service. Especially in LMICs, many “old” and “new” challenges have to be met, in the context of digitisation. It is appreciated that in many settings, digital technologies may help them to reach better results. However, further studies are needed to highlight the optimal ways for using these technologies.
Digitization of Physical Health Data in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Muradyan Arpine , Sargsyan Karine 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDigital technology has the potential to create a wide range of opportunities for motivating physical activity and a healthy lifestyle, implementing programs, and improving health indicators. This chapter presents an overview as to how digitization of physical health data can become the basis of helpful information for implementing and prioritizing physical activity actions in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). The digitized data can be helpful to policymakers and stakeholders involved in promoting physical activities and physical health at the individual, local, national, regional, and global levels. In addition, digitizing physical health data will be an essential basis for a research program on the economic aspects of physical activity in LMICs. This will be a valuable guide for researchers to plan research in economics and physical health using a reliable methodology focused on the LMICs research needs. In addition, the information obtained from digitalization will help funding agencies allocate and monitor resources efficiently.
Non-digital Health Trends in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Sargsyan Karine 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDigitization of healthcare has attracted considerable attention globally and has transformed healthcare systems. However, it is essential to recognize that not all low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have the necessary resources or infrastructure to fully embrace digital technologies. This chapter provides an overview of the non-digital trends that continue to influence healthcare in LMICs, and by extension the implementation of digitisation efforts. These trends span many dimensions, including health policy, workforce development, community engagement, and infrastructure improvements. Understanding these non-digital trends is vital for the successful integration of digital solutions into health systems in LMICs. Thus, highlighting the challenges and opportunities for digitizing medicine in LMICs is essential, to understand the needs of medical support tools in LMICs now and in the future.