bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What Does the Comparative Do for Cosmopolitanism?
Authors: Domínguez César 
Published: August 2013

A conventional definition of cosmopolitanism stressesrelationships to a plurality of cultures understood as distinctive entities. (And the more the better; cosmopolitans should ideally be foxes rather than hedgehogs.) But furthermore cosmopolitanism in a stricter sense includes a stance toward diversity itself, toward the coexistence of cultures in the individual experience…. It is an intellectual and aesthetic stance of openness toward divergent cultural experiences. (Hannerz 239)In the foundation of comparative literature as a distinctive discipline, cosmopolitanism was valued for its “exoticism”—namely, the feeling of being “a citizen ‘of every nation,’ not to belong to one's ‘native country’” (Texte 79), which in (French) literature translated as the openness toward other (northern European) literatures (xi).Defining cosmopolitanism in relation to national loyalties, multilingualism, and mobility overlooks the fact that the cosmopolitan is much older than the nation and that not all multilingual abilities and mobilities are accepted as cosmopolitan, especially when they lack “sophistication.” Since I have partially discussed these issues elsewhere, I will not pursue them here but will restrict myself to Hannah Arendt's future-oriented concept of cosmopolitanism as global citizenship. My aim is to stress the elitism in many theories of cosmopolitanism and to show how comparative literature can challenge this elitism by looking at “hidden traditions.” To do so, I will draw on two essays by Arendt—“The Jew as Pariah: A Hidden Tradition” and “Karl Jaspers: Citizen of the World?” As for the first essay, I will introduceGypsynext toJew, the latter being Arendt's exclusive interest despite the implications of her use of the concept of the pariah. In the second essay, Arendt discusses acting qua human, the rights granted by membership in a (cosmo)polis, and what “citizen of the world” (cosmopolitan?) means in relation to the public space, and she stresses the value of communication, with the living and the dead. Furthermore, Arendt differentiates between cosmopolitan and European. I argue that postwar European integration challenges in unexpected ways Arendt's view both on rights as linked to nationality and on citizenship in a cosmopolitan polity.
Diabetes and End-Stage Renal Disease Synergistically Contribute to Increased Incidence of Cardiovascular Events: A Nationwide Follow-up Study During 1998–2009
Authors: Chang Yu-Tzu , Wu Jia-Ling , Hsu Chih-Cheng , Wang Jung-Der , Sung Junne-Ming 
Published: August 2013

OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to investigate the effect of interaction of diabetes and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on the risks of cardiovascular (CV) events.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
By using two representative national cohorts, we determined the age- and sex-specific incidences and 20-year risks of incident CV events, including acute myocardial infarction (AMI), stroke, and congestive heart failure (CHF), stratified by the presence of diabetes, de novo diabetes after ESRD, or ESRD. Individuals were excluded if age &lt;18 years or if previous CV events or malignancies were present before enrollment. Cox proportional hazards models were also constructed with adjustments for competing risk of mortality.

RESULTS
A total 648,851 non-ESRD individuals and 71,397 ESRD patients, including 53,342 and 34,754 diabetic patients, respectively, were followed up during 1998–2009. A monotonic risk pattern of CV-related incidences was noted with the presence of diabetes, ESRD, or both, respectively, after stratification by age and sex. De novo diabetes showed similar increased risks for CV incidences, especially AMI and stroke. There is a multiplicatively synergistic effect of diabetes and ESRD for CV-related risks, especially for AMI and stroke, of which the adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) were 5.24 (95% CI 4.83–5.68) and 2.43 (2.32–2.55), respectively, in comparison with people without diabetes or ESRD; de novo diabetes after ESRD had similar effects with aHRs of 4.12 (3.49–4.87) and 1.75 (1.57–1.95), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
Diabetes and ESRD synergistically increase risks of CV events. Proactive screening and control for diabetes in patients with ESRD should be built into our daily practice.
The Role of Angiogenic and Antiangiogenic Factors in the Second Trimester in the Prediction of Preeclampsia in Pregnant Women With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Holmes Valerie A. , Young Ian S. , Patterson Christopher C. , Maresh Michael J.A. , Pearson Donald W.M. , Walker James D. , McCance David R. ,   for the Diabetes and Preeclampsia Intervention Trial (DAPIT) Study Group
Published: August 2013

OBJECTIVE
To assess the association between circulating angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors in the second trimester and risk of preeclampsia in women with type 1 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Maternal plasma concentrations of placental growth factor (PlGF), soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1), and soluble endoglin (sEng) were available at 26 weeks of gestation in 540 women with type 1 diabetes enrolled in the Diabetes and Preeclampsia Intervention Trial.

RESULTS
Preeclampsia developed in 17% of pregnancies (n = 94). At 26 weeks of gestation, women in whom preeclampsia developed later had significantly lower PlGF (median [interquartile range]: 231 pg/mL [120–423] vs. 365 pg/mL [237–582]; P &lt; 0.001), higher sFlt-1 (1,522 pg/mL [1,108–3,393] vs. 1,193 pg/mL [844–1,630] P &lt; 0.001), and higher sEng (6.2 ng/mL [4.9–7.9] vs. 5.1 ng/mL[(4.3–6.2]; P &lt; 0.001) compared with women who did not have preeclampsia. In addition, the ratio of PlGF to sEng was significantly lower (40 [17–71] vs. 71 [44–114]; P &lt; 0.001) and the ratio of sFlt-1 to PlGF was significantly higher (6.3 [3.4–15.7] vs. 3.1 [1.8–5.8]; P &lt; 0.001) in women who later developed preeclampsia. The addition of the ratio of PlGF to sEng or the ratio of sFlt-1 to PlGF to a logistic model containing established risk factors (area under the curve [AUC], 0.813) significantly improved the predictive value (AUC, 0.850 and 0.846, respectively; P &lt; 0.01) and significantly improved reclassification according to the integrated discrimination improvement index (IDI) (IDI scores 0.086 and 0.065, respectively; P &lt; 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
These data suggest that angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors measured during the second trimester are predictive of preeclampsia in women with type 1 diabetes. The addition of the ratio of PlGF to sEng or the ratio of sFlt-1 to PlGF to established clinical risk factors significantly improves the prediction of preeclampsia in women with type 1 diabetes.
« Tolstoï est mort… »
Authors: Aucouturier Michel 
Published: August 2013

Толстой умер…
Событие мирового значения
и его отклики во Франции

Хотя беспрецедентный мировой отклик на смерть Толстого несомненно связан с развитием современных средств коммуникации и с драматическими обстоятельствами его смерти, основная причина, конечно, лежит в его наследии. Но ни исключительное значение его художественного творчества, ни радикализм его религиозного учения не достаточны для объяснения этого резонанса. Он связан в первую очередь с произведениями последнего периода (в особенности с Воскресением), слившими проповедника с художником и сделавшими его голос воплощением чувства мирового кризиса и тревоги за судьбу человечества, охвативших мир в конце ХIХ века. Конец статьи посвящен особому отзвуку этой смерти во Франции, сыгравшей решающую роль в распространении его творчества во всем мире: чествование Толстого позволило «французско-русскому альянсу» выразить враждебное отношение к царской власти.
Les dispenses de bans. Une source pour la démographie historique et l'histoire sociale
Authors: Congost Rosa , Portell Josep , Saguer Enric , Serramontmany Albert 
Published: August 2013

Résumé Dans certaines régions d’Espagne, la coutume consistant à solliciter une dispense de proclamations de mariage était très répandue parmi la population catholique. Son étude depuis le xvii e siècle en Catalogne permet d’aborder d’une autre façon les mariages. Cette note de recherche porte sur des séries documentaires du diocèse de Gérone et permet d’analyser le contenu, les caractéristiques et la continuité de cette source, d’évaluer son degré de représentativité ainsi que les motivations ayant conduit la plupart de la population, lors du mariage, à demander une dispense de bans. Par leur caractère sériel, par la richesse de l’information contenue dans les dossiers générés lors de leurs demandes, et par la possibilité qu’elles offrent de travailler à l’échelle d’un diocèse, c’est-à-dire un territoire relativement étendu comprenant un nombre considérable de paroisses, les dispenses de bans constituent une source exceptionnelle pour la démographie historique et l’histoire sociale.
A diagnostic dilemma in a patient with lymphoma
Authors: Shah Kajal , Prabhash Kumar , Noronha Vanita , Patil Prachi , Desai Sangeeta , Joshi Amit 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe report the case of a 49-year-old man with a diagnosis of gastric diffuse large B cell non-Hodgkin′s lymphoma, treated with two lines of chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy, and presented about 3 months after completing therapy with recurrent episodes of epigastric pain, gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. Computed tomography scan, positron emission tomography scan, and upper GI endoscopy revealed gastric wall thickening and lymphadenopathy. Biopsy and histopathology ultimately revealed Strongyloides stercoralis infection that was mimicking disease recurrence. Opportunistic parasitic infections represent one of the major challenges in the management of cancer patients.
Improved Sparse Multi-Class SVM and Its Application for Gene Selection in Cancer Classification
Authors: Huang Lingkang , Zhang Hao Helen , Zeng Zhao-Bang , Bushel Pierre R. 
Published: August 2013

BackgroundMicroarray techniques provide promising tools for cancer diagnosis using gene expression profiles. However, molecular diagnosis based on high-throughput platforms presents great challenges due to the overwhelming number of variables versus the small sample size and the complex nature of multi-type tumors. Support vector machines (SVMs) have shown superior performance in cancer classification due to their ability to handle high dimensional low sample size data. The multi-class SVM algorithm of Crammer and Singer provides a natural framework for multi-class learning. Despite its effective performance, the procedure utilizes all variables without selection. In this paper, we propose to improve the procedure by imposing shrinkage penalties in learning to enforce solution sparsity.ResultsThe original multi-class SVM of Crammer and Singer is effective for multi-class classification but does not conduct variable selection. We improved the method by introducing soft-thresholding type penalties to incorporate variable selection into multi-class classification for high dimensional data. The new methods were applied to simulated data and two cancer gene expression data sets. The results demonstrate that the new methods can select a small number of genes for building accurate multi-class classification rules. Furthermore, the important genes selected by the methods overlap significantly, suggesting general agreement among different variable selection schemes.ConclusionsHigh accuracy and sparsity make the new methods attractive for cancer diagnostics with gene expression data and defining targets of therapeutic intervention.AvailabilityThe source MATLAB code are available from http://math.arizona.edu/∼hzhang/software.html.
Cervical Squamous Cell Lymph Node Metastases from an Unknown Primary Site: Survival and Patterns of Recurrence after Radiotherapy
Authors: Gani Cihan , Eckert Franziska , Müller Arndt-Christian , Mauz Paul-Stefan , Thiericke John , Bamberg Michael , Weinmann Martin 
Published: August 2013

Introduction The purpose of the present retrospective study was to review outcome and patterns of failure of patients who were treated with radiotherapy for cervical lymph node metastases from an unknown primary site (CUP). Patients and Methods Between 2000 and 2009, 34 patients diagnosed with squamous cell CUP were admitted to radiotherapy in curative intent. In 26 of 34 patients (76%) neck dissection was performed prior to radiotherapy, extracapsular extension (ECE) was seen in 20 of 34 patients (59%). Target volumes included the bilateral neck and panpharyngeal mucosa. Concomitant chemotherapy was applied in 14 of 34 patients (41%). Results After a median follow-up of 45 months for the entire group, 2 of 34 patients (6%) presented with an isolated regional recurrence, another 2 of 34 patients (6%) developed both local and distant recurrence, and 6 of 34 patients (18%) had distant failure only. Estimated overall survival after 2- and 5 -years was 78% and 63%. All patients with N1 or N2a disease (n=6) were disease free after 5 years. ECE, concomitant chemotherapy and involvement of neck levels 4 and 5 were associated with worse overall survival on univariate analysis. Conclusion Radiotherapy of the panpharynx and bilateral neck leads to excellent local control while distant metastases are the most frequent site of failure and prognostically limiting. Therefore intensified concomitant or sequential systemic therapies should be evaluated in future trials.
Análisis de la adaptación a la red en los editoriales on line de cinco países europeos
Authors: García Orosa Berta , López García Xosé , Gallur Santorum Santiago 
Published: August 2013

El artículo analiza los editoriales de periódicos on line de cinco países europeos con el objetivo principal de realizar una radiografía de sus características y su grado de adaptación a la red. Metodología. Se estudiaron los editoriales publicados en El País, The Times, Le Monde, Diario de Noticias y Corriere della Sera a través del análisis de contenido. Resultados. El editorial mantiene en la red una posición privilegiada y diferenciada entre los artículos de opinión de los medios revisados; además, retiene su función como voz institucionalizada del medio. Discusión. Visto lo anterior, pese a la importancia del editorial, su rol como orientador de la opinión pública ante asuntos de actualidad se ve oscurecido por su función como actor político. Conclusiones. El editorial conserva las características formales y de contenido tradicionales del género con una escasa adaptación a la red y posibilidades de participación del ciudadano.
La información de las administraciones públicas locales. Las webs de los ayuntamientos de Cataluña
Authors: Moreno Sardà Amparo , Molina Rodríguez-Navas Pedro , Corcoy Rius Marta 
Published: August 2013

La información de las administraciones públicas ha de ser completa e inteligible para que la ciudadanía pueda ejercer su derecho a la participación de forma fundamentada y para que los profesionales de los medios de comunicación dispongan de fuentes fiables. Metodología. El objetivo de esta investigación es elaborar un procedimiento de evaluación de las informaciones que ofrecen las webs de los ayuntamientos, aplicarlo y ofrecer los resultados en línea a través de una plataforma específica para incitar a los responsables a introducir mejoras. Hemos definido 41 indicadores de evaluación y hemos evaluado las webs de los 947 ayuntamientos de Cataluña. Resultados. Los resultados los hemos representado sobre una herramienta cartográfica, el Mapa de Buenas Prácticas de la Comunicación Pública Local, ofreciendo resultados individuales, de conjunto y estadísticas. Conclusiones. Su publicación ha propiciado cambios en las webs en muy poco tiempo. Ahora aplicaremos esta misma metodología en otras 5 comunidades autónomas de España.
Challenging the Canon: LGBT Content in Arts Education Journals
Authors: Freer Patrick K. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine LGBT-related content across arts education journals in order to identify prevalence, themes, and trends. This study consisted of a content analysis of peer-reviewed articles appearing in the major journals affiliated with professional arts education associations in the United States. A total of 4,193 articles were published from 2000 to 2012 in the 11 journals, of which 70 (1.67%) included LGBT-related content. The percentage of LGBT-related content was steady over time. The most frequent LGBT themes in discipline-specific journal content related to pedagogy, the contributions of LGBT persons to art forms, gender, social justice, and homophobia. A more focused analysis included two pairs of long-running journals purposed for similar audiences and considered all article content since the journals’ inception: Music Educators Journal (1914) and Art Education (1948); and the Journal of Research in Music Education (1953) and Studies in Art Education (1959). The emergence of LGBTrelated content, including letters to the editor, followed similar paths in the two practitioneroriented journals. Music education articles referencing LGBT topics appeared later and are less numerous than in other arts disciplines. Analysis suggests methodological issues to be addressed in future research studies and points toward strategies for introducing LGBT-related content where none has yet been published.
Género y trabajo social: algunos desafíos
Authors: De Martino Mónica 
Published: August 2013

El presente artículo es un subproducto de la investigación titulada«Ser hombres, ser padres en contextos de pobreza», desarrollada en elmarco del posdoctorado en el Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias SocialesInterdisciplinarias de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de la UniversidadFederal de Santa Catarina. Si bien la investigación apunta al campo de losestudios sobre masculinidades, es necesario detenerse en la amplia bibliografíasobre género producida en las últimas décadas para comprender losdilatados debates en torno a tal categoría. Sin intención de agotarla y sincentrarse específicamente en los estudios sobre masculinidades, el presenteartículo intenta establecer una interpretación posible —entre otras— sobrela evolución teórica del concepto. Pensamos que la evolución en las formasde interpretación del mismo y las formas de debatirlo podrían apuntar a unaposible fetichización o cosificación del propio concepto. Para fundamentartal proposición colocaremos en debate a las filósofas Simone de Beauvoir yJudith Butler, como exponentes de dos corrientes epistemológicas que marcanposturas sobre la temática. A saber: una postura materialista-existencialy otra que puede enmarcarse en lo que ha sido denominado como constructivismoradical. A parte de ellas, desde el campo de los estudios sobremasculinidades retomaremos la propuesta de Connell, quien aporta una miradadiferente, trayendo a la luz las categorías de interés y capacidad heurística.A partir de estos autores intentaremos señalar algunos desafíos para el trabajo social, aunque los mismos pueden involucrar al conjunto de lasprofesiones asistenciales. Tal vez los más notorios sean: i) la ausencia de unareflexión epistemológica a la hora de afiliarse a ciertas posturas hoy en boga;y ii) la ausencia también de una perspectiva de género a la hora de interveniren diferentes campos de actuación. Esta última es aún más paradójica en lamedida que contamos con un cuerpo profesional altamente feminizado.
The Science and Communication Needed to Help Communities Plan for Sea Level Rise
Authors: Uhlenbrock Kristan 
Published: August 2013

AbstractFrom the shores of Bangladesh to the bayous of Louisiana, sea level rise will affect communities across the globe and will likely be exacerbated by other threats such as severe weather. Local and national decision makers face a myriad of challenges as they prepare for or adapt to changing coastal conditions while trying to manage increasing population and development along the coasts. In the United States alone, approximately 39% of the population lives in a coastal county.
Molecular Weight Dependence of Exciton Diffusion in Poly(3‐hexylthiophene)
Authors: Masri Zarifi , Ruseckas Arvydas , Emelianova Evguenia V. , Wang Linjun , Bansal Ashu K. , Matheson Andrew , Lemke Henrik T. , Nielsen Martin M. , Nguyen Ha , Coulembier Olivier , Dubois Philippe , Beljonne David , Samuel Ifor D. W. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractA joint experimental and theoretical study of singlet exciton diffusion in spin‐coated poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) films and its dependence on molecular weight is presented. The results show that exciton diffusion is fast along the co‐facial π–π aggregates of polymer chromophores and about 100 times slower in the lateral direction between aggregates. Exciton hopping between aggregates is found to show a subtle dependence on interchain coupling, aggregate size, and Boltzmann statistics. Additionally, a clear correlation is observed between the effective exciton diffusion coefficient, the degree of aggregation of chromophores, and exciton delocalization along the polymer chain, which suggests that exciton diffusion length can be enhanced by tailored synthesis and processing conditions.
2‐Nitrobenzyl Esters of Penam and Cephem Derivatives as Inhibitors of Penicillin‐Binding Proteins
Authors: Brulé Cédric , Grugier Jérôme , Brans Alain , Joris Bernard , Sauvage Eric , Dive Georges , Marchand‐Brynaert Jacqueline 
Published: August 2013

AbstractNitroveratrole (NV) esters, that is 4,5‐dimethoxy‐2‐nitrobenzyl esters, of penicillin and cephalosporin derivatives have been prepared in the course of a program that is dedicated to the development of photosensitive protein microarrays. Surprisingly, some molecules were revealed to be acylating inhibitors of R39 and BlaR‐CTD proteins, which are two representative penicillin‐binding proteins, while being bad substrates of β‐lactamases, which are bacterial defense enzymes. Electrostatic potential maps and docking experiments showed that the 2‐nitro group of NV esters could play the role of a carboxylate group in the penam series.
Biobased hyperbranched shape‐memory polyurethanes: Effect of different vegetable oils
Authors: Kalita Hemjyoti , Karak Niranjan 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTHyperbranched polyurethanes were synthesized from poly(ε‐caprolactone) diol as a macroglycol, butanediol as a chain extender, a monoglyceride of a vegetable oil (Mesua ferrea, castor, and sunflower oils separately) as a biobased chain extender, triethanolamine as a multifunctional moiety, and toluene diisocyanate by a prepolymerization technique with the A2 + B3 approach. The structure of the synthesized hyperbranched polyurethanes was characterized by 1H‐NMR and X‐ray diffraction studies. M. ferrea L. seed‐oil‐based polyurethane showed the highest thermal stability, whereas the castor‐oil‐based one showed the lowest. However, the castor‐oil‐based polyurethane exhibited the highest tensile strength compared to the other vegetable‐oil‐based polyurethanes. All of the vegetable‐oil‐based polyurethanes showed good shape fixity, although the castor‐oil‐based polyurethane showed the highest shape recovery. Thus, the characteristics of the vegetable oil had a prominent role in the control of the ultimate properties, including the shape‐memory behaviors, of the hyperbranched polyurethanes. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39579.