bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Japanese Colonialism and the Asia-Pacific War in Japan's History Textbooks: Changing representations and their causes
Authors: CAVE PETER 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis paper examines changes between 1992 and 2010 in Japanese junior high school history textbooks’ representations of imperial Japan's colonialism and aggression in Asia, using documentary study and interviews with actors in the textbook production process. Following a trend to increase textbook material on Japan's wartime aggression in the mid-1990s, after 2000 publishers approached this topic in contrasting ways, some expanding and some reducing their coverage, with dramatically varying results in terms of market share. Publishers’ decisions on content were related to their market position and to changes in local textbook adoption procedures that have increased the decision-making power of appointed boards of education at the expense of teachers. Increased market share since 2000 is associated primarily with a progressive pedagogy in tune with recent curriculum reforms. The recent spotlight on textbook adoption has exposed weaknesses in the system, such as inadequate representation of the local community and insufficient guarantee of teachers’ expert input in the adoption process. With the introduction of new textbook approval criteria requiring their conformity with the patriotic emphases of the revised Fundamental Law on Education of 2006, the content of future textbooks will clearly be strongly influenced by both approval and adoption processes.
Postconcussive Complaints, Cognition, Symptom Attribution and Effort among Veterans
Authors: Larson Eric B. , Kondiles Bethany R. , Starr Christine R. , Zollman Felise S. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe etiology of postconcussive symptoms is not clearly understood. Development of etiological models of those symptoms will be helpful for accurate diagnosis and for planning effective treatment. Such a model should characterize the role of subject characteristics (education, premorbid intelligence), social psychological factors and symptom validity. Toward that end, the present study examined the association of postconcussive complaints and cognitive performance with symptom attribution and level of effort on testing. In a sample of 155 veterans, attribution to concussion was associated with endorsement of more severe postconcussive complaints, after controlling for the effects of other factors such as subject characteristics. Similarly, effort was associated with cognitive performance after controlling for the effects of these other factors. The present findings are consistent with previous reports that illness perception and effort on testing are associated with postconcussive complaints. This supports previous recommendations to routinely educate all concussion patients immediately after injury to reduce distorted perceptions and related persistent complaints. Finally, these findings highlight a need for routine assessment of patients’ perception of their injury to identify cases that may require psychotherapy to address any misattributions that develop. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–8)
Leidenfrost levitation: beyond droplets
Authors: Hashmi Ali , Xu Yuhao , Coder Benjamin , Osborne Paul A. , Spafford Jonathon , Michael Grant E. , Yu Gan , Xu Jie 
Published: November 2012

AbstractFriction is a major inhibitor in almost every mechanical system. Enlightened by the Leidenfrost effect – a droplet can be levitated by its own vapor layer on a sufficiently hot surface – we demonstrate for the first time that a small cart can also be levitated by Leidenfrost vapor. The levitated cart can carry certain amount of load and move frictionlessly over the hot surface. The maximum load that the cart can carry is experimentally tested over a range of surface temperatures. We show that the levitated cart can be propelled not only by gravitational force over a slanted flat surface, but also self-propelled over a ratchet shaped horizontal surface. In the end, we experimentally tested water consumption rate for sustaining the levitated cart and compared the results to theoretical calculations. If perfected, this frictionless Leidenfrost cart could be used in numerous engineering applications where relative motion exists between surfaces.
Can Semantic Enrichment Lead to Naming in a Word Extension Task?
Authors: Capone Singleton Nina 
Published: November 2012

PurposeThis study examined the relationship between semantic enrichment and naming in children asked to extend taught words to untrained exemplars.MethodSixteen typically developing children (M= 32.63 months,SD= 4.02) participated in 3 word learning conditions that varied semantic enrichment via iconic (shape, function) or point gesture. At test, children named taught referents and 2 exemplars of each taught object: shape similar and shape dissimilar. Naming accuracy and errors were analyzed between conditions.ResultsThe point condition never outperformed the shape or function conditions. In naming taught words, the shape condition was superior to the point condition, whereas the function condition was only marginally superior to the point condition. However, in naming untrained exemplars, only the shape condition was superior to the point condition, and there were fewer indeterminate errors in the shape condition.ConclusionSemantic enrichment supports naming, but shape cues appear to be particularly effective in using words beyond just-taught referents.
Procedural Visual Learning in Children With Specific Language Impairment
Authors: Gabriel Audrey , Stefaniak Nicolas , Maillart Christelle , Schmitz Xavier , Meulemans Thierry 
Published: November 2012

Purpose

According to the
procedural deficit hypothesis
(PDH), difficulties in the procedural learning (PL) system may contribute to the language difficulties observed in children with specific language impairment (SLI).

Method
Fifteen children with SLI and their typically developing (TD) peers were compared on visual PL tasks—specifically, deterministic serial reaction time (SRT) tasks. In the first experiment, children with SLI and their TD peers performed the classical SRT task using a keyboard as response mode. In the second experiment, they performed the same SRT task but gave their responses through a touchscreen (instead of a keyboard) to reduce the motor and cognitive demands of the task.

Results

Although in
Experiment 1
, children with SLI demonstrated learning, they were slower and made more errors than did their TD peers. Nevertheless, these relative weaknesses disappeared when the nature of the response mode changed (
Experiment 2
).

Conclusions
In this study, the authors report that children with SLI may exhibit sequential learning. Moreover, the generally slower reaction times observed in previous deterministic SRT studies may be explained by the response mode used. Thus, our findings are not consistent with the predictions of the PDH, and these findings suggest that language impairments in SLI are not sustained by poor procedural learning abilities.
Monitoring Progress in Vocal Development in Young Cochlear Implant Recipients: Relationships Between Speech Samples and Scores From the Conditioned Assessment of Speech Production (CASP)
Authors: Ertmer David J. , Jung Jongmin 
Published: November 2012

Purpose
To determine the concurrent validity of the Conditioned Assessment of Speech Production (CASP; Ertmer & Stoel-Gammon, 2008) and data obtained from speech samples recorded at the same intervals.

Method
Nineteen children who are deaf who received cochlear implants before their 3rd birthdays participated in the study. Speech samples and CASP scores were gathered at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months postactivation. Correlation analyses were conducted to assess the concurrent validity of CASP scores and data from samples.

Results
CASP scores showed strong concurrent validity with scores from speech samples gathered across all recording sessions (6–24 months).

Conclusions
The CASP was found to be a valid, reliable, and time-efficient tool for assessing progress in vocal development during young cochlear implant recipients' first 2 years of device experience.
A Response to Carnaby’s (2012) Letter to the Editor: “Comment on Revalidating Swallowing Assessments”
Authors: González-Fernández Marlís , Palmer Jeffrey B. 
Published: November 2012

Purpose
The authors write this letter to clarify some of the points raised by Dr. Giselle Carnaby about their article titled “Clinical Experience Using the Mann Assessment of Swallowing Ability (MASA) for Identification of Patients at Risk for Aspiration in a Mixed-Disease Population” (González-Fernández, Sein, & Palmer, 2011). The intention of this letter is to ensure that the reader has a balanced perspective and the information necessary to interpret the results of the original publication.
A Comparative and Experimental Evaluation of Performance of Stocked Diploid and Triploid Brook Trout
Authors: Budy Phaedra , Thiede Gary P. , Dean Andrew , Olsen Devin , Rowley Gilbert 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Despite numerous negative impacts, nonnative trout are still being stocked to provide economically and socially valuable sport fisheries in western mountain lakes. We evaluated relative performance and potential differences in feeding strategy and competitive ability of triploid versus diploid brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis in alpine lakes, as well as behavioral and performance differences of diploid and triploid brook trout in two controlled experimental settings: behavioral experiments in the laboratory and performance evaluations in ponds. Across lakes, catch per unit effort (CPUE) and relative weight (Wr) were not significantly different between ploidy levels. Mean sizes were also similar between ploidy levels except in two of the larger lakes where diploids attained slightly larger sizes (approximately 20 mm longer). We observed no significant differences between diploids and triploids in diet, diet preference, or trophic structure. Similarly, growth and condition did not differ between ploidy levels in smaller-scale pond experiments, and aggressive behavior did not differ between ploidy levels (fed or unfed fish trials) in the laboratory. Independent of ploidy level, the relative performance of brook trout varied widely among lakes, a pattern that appeared to be a function of lake size or a factor that covaries with lake size such as temperature regime or carrying capacity. In summary, we observed no significant differences in the relative performance of brook trout from either ploidy level across a number of indices, systems, and environmental conditions, nor any indication that one group is more aggressive or a superior competitor than the other. Collectively, these results suggest that triploid brook trout will offer a more risk-averse and promising management opportunity when they are stocked to these lakes and elsewhere to simultaneously meet the needs for the sport fishery and conservation objectives.
Received February 6, 2012; accepted August 27, 2012
Phytophthora capsici: A Soilborne Pathogen Dangerous on Grafted Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum × S. hirsutum) in Italy
Authors: Garibaldi A. , Gilardi G. , Baudino M. , Ortu G. , Gullino M. L. 
Published: November 2012

During an extensive survey carried out in Piedmont (northern Italy) aimed at identifying the emerging soilborne diseases affecting tomato in commercial fields where alternatives to methyl bromide have been implemented in response to national and international regulations, sudden collapse of tomato plants, cv. Tomahawk, grafted on cv. Beaufort, were repeatedly observed in a commercial plastic tunnel operation. Affected plants suddenly collapsed 60 days after transplant during the month of May 2010. Symptoms included chlorosis, stunting, and severe root and crown rot, leading to sudden collapse of approximately 25% of the plants within 60 days of transplant. Symptomatic tissues from the root and collar of infected plants were surface disinfested for 1 min in a 1% NaOCl solution, rinsed for 5 min in water, and submerged in selective medium based on corn meal agar. A Phytophthora-like organism (2) with characteristic coenocytic hyphae was consistently isolated and transferred to V8 agar. The sporangia were spherical to ovoid, papillate, and 40 to 77 × 23 to 34 (average 55.1 × 30.3) μm. Oospores were globose and 22.2 to 30.8 μm. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA of a single isolate was amplified using the primers ITS1/ITS4 and sequenced. BLAST analysis (1) of the 750-bp segment showed a 100% homology with the sequence of Phytophthora capsici JN382543.1. The nucleotide sequence has been assigned the GenBank Accession No. JX090306. Pathogenicity tests were performed on healthy 30-day-old tomato plants cv. Beaufort by using one strain of P. capsici grown for 15 days at 22 to 25°C on a mixture of 2:1 wheat/hemp kernels, and then 1 g per L of the inoculum was mixed into a substrate based on peat blonde/peat black (15:85 v/v). Two plants were transplanted into 3-L pots, with five replicates. Ten non-inoculated plants represented the control treatment; the trial was repeated once. All plants were kept in a greenhouse at temperatures ranging from 22 to 25°C. Inoculated plants became chlorotic 7 days after inoculation and root and crown rot developed 30 days after inoculation. Control plants remained symptomless. P. capsici consistently was reisolated from inoculated plants. In Italy, the presence of P. nicotianae on hybrids of Solanum lycopersicum × S. hirsutum is known (3), while, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of P. capsici on the hybrid S. lycopersicum × S. hirsutum in Italy. The economic importance of the disease can increase due to the expanding use of grafted tomato plants. References: (1) S. F. Altschul et al. Nucleic Acids Res. 25:3389, 1997 (2) D. C. Erwin and O. K. Ribeiro. Phytophthora Diseases Worldwide. APS Press, St Paul, MN, 1996. (3) A. Garibaldi and M. L. Gullino. Acta Hortic. 833:35, 2010. (4) H. M. Masago et al. Phytopathology 67:425, 1977.
Warifteine, a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid, induces relaxation by activating potassium channels in vascular myocytes
Authors: Assis Ápio CL , Araújo Islania GA , Lima Renata PC , Almeida Mônica M , Marinho Alexsandro F , Barbosa‐Filho José M , Cruz Jader S , Silva Darizy F , Medeiros Isac A 
Published: November 2012

Summary

The present study used functional and electrophysiological approaches to investigate the mechanisms by which warifteine, a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Cissampelos sympodialis Eichl., causes vasorelaxation of the rat thoracic aorta.

Warifteine (1 pmol/L–10 μmol/L) induced concentration‐dependent relaxation (pD2 = 9.40 ± 0.06; n = 5) of endothelium‐intact aortic rings precontracted with noradrenaline (10–100 μmol/L). The relaxation effects were not attenuated by removal of the endothelium. Warifteine also induced the relaxation of prostaglandin F2α (1–10 mmol/L)‐precontracted rings (pD2 = 9.2 ± 0.2; n = 8). In contrast, the relaxant activity of warifteine was nearly abolished in high K+ (80 mmol/L)‐precontracted aortic rings. In preparations incubated with 20 mmol/L KCl or with the K+ channel blockers tetraethylammonium (1, 3 and 5 mmol/L), iberiotoxin (20 nmol/L), 4‐aminopyridine (1 mmol/L) or glibenclamide (10 μmol/L), the vasorelaxant activity of warifteine was markedly reduced. However, BaCl2 (1 mmol/L) had no effect on the relaxant effects of warifteine.

In vascular myocytes, warifteine (100 nmol/L) significantly increased whole‐cell K+ currents (at 70 mV). Under nominally Ca2+‐free conditions, warifteine did not reduce extracellular Ca2+‐induced contractions in rings precontracted with high K+ or noradrenaline (100 μmol/L).

Together, the results of the present study indicate that warifteine induces potent concentration‐dependent relaxation in the rat aorta via an endothelium‐independent mechanism that involves the activation of K+ channels.
The determinants of minimal levator hiatus and their relationship to the puborectalis muscle and the levator plate
Authors: Shobeiri S Abbas , Rostaminia G , White D , Quiroz LH 
Published: November 2012

ObjectiveTo determine the muscles comprising the minimal levator hiatus.DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingThe University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, USA.PopulationEight female fresh frozen pelves and 80 nulliparouswomen.MethodsThree‐dimensional endovaginal ultrasound was performed in eight fresh frozen female pelves. The structures of the levator hiatus were tagged with needles and the cadavers were dissected to identify the tagged structures. A group of 80 nullipara underwent 3D endovaginal ultrasound, and the minimal levator hiatus area, puborectalis area, and anorectal angle were assessed, and normal values were obtained.Main outcome measuresAnatomic borders of minimal levator hiatus and normality in pelvic floor measurements.ResultsThe pubococcygeus forms the inner lateral border and anterior attachment of the minimal levator hiatus to the pubic bone. The puboanalis fibres are immediately lateral to pubococcygeus attachments. There are variable contributions of the puborectalis fibres lateral to the puboanalis attachment. The posterior border of the minimal levator hiatus is formed by the levator plate. Eighty community‐dwelling nulliparous women underwent 3D endovaginal ultrasound. The median age was 47 years (range 22–70 years). The mean of minimal levator hiatus and puborectalis hiatus areas were 13.4 cm2 (±1.89 cm2 SD) and 14.8 cm2 (±2.16 cm2 SD). The mean anorectal and levator plate descent angles were 156° (±10.04° SD) and 15.9° (±8.28° SD).ConclusionAnterior and lateral borders of the minimal levator hiatus are formed mostly by pubococcygeus. The puborectalis, pubococcygeus, and iliococcygeus form the bulk of the levator plate.
Pregestational body mass index is related to neonatal abdominal circumference at birth—a Danish population‐based study
Authors: Tanvig M , Wehberg S , Vinter CA , Joergensen JS , Ovesen PG , Beck‐Nielsen H , Jensen DM , Christesen HT 
Published: November 2012

ObjectivesTo examine the impact of maternal pregestational body mass index (BMI) and smoking on neonatal abdominal circumference (AC) and weight at birth. To define reference curves for birth AC and weight in offspring of healthy, nonsmoking, normal weight women.DesignPopulation‐based study.SettingData from the Danish Medical Birth Registry.PopulationAll live singletons without congenital malformations in Denmark 2004–10.MethodsData on 366 886 singletons at 35+0 to 41+6 weeks+days of gestation were extracted and analysed using multivariate linear regressions.Main outcome measuresBirth AC and weight in relation to pregestational maternal BMI, maternal smoking and medical conditions (any).ResultsBirth AC and weight increased with increasing pregestational BMI, and decreased with smoking (P < 0.0001). Reference curves were created for offspring of healthy, nonsmoking mothers with normal pregestational BMI. Mean AC ranged from 30.1 cm and 30.2 cm at 35 weeks of gestation to 33.9 cm and 34.1 cm at 41 weeks of gestation, for girls and boys, respectively. Mean birthweight ranged from 2581 and 2666 g at 35 weeks to 3705 and 3852 g at 41 weeks of gestation for girls and boys, respectively. Pregestational BMI correlated more to the Z score of birthweight than to the Z score of AC (P < 0.0001).ConclusionBirth AC and weight are affected by maternal smoking status and pregestational BMI. Pregestational BMI correlated more to birthweight than to AC. Using data from healthy, nonsmoking mothers with normal pregestational BMI we have provided new reference curves for birth AC and birthweight.
Opioid sensitivity in mice selectively bred to consume or not consume methamphetamine
Authors: Eastwood Emily C. , Phillips Tamara J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThere has been little investigation of genetic factors and associated mechanisms that influence risk for development of methamphetamine (MA) dependence. Selectively bred mouse lines that exhibit high (MAHDR) or low (MALDR) levels of MA intake in a two‐bottle choice MA drinking (MADR) procedure provide a genetic tool for this purpose. These lines were used to determine whether opioid sensitivity and MA intake are genetically associated, because opioid‐mediated pathways influence some effects of MA. Sensitivity to the analgesic effects of the μ‐opioid receptor (MOP‐r) agonist fentanyl (0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 mg/kg) was examined using two acute thermal tests (hot plate and tail flick) and one chronic pain test (magnesium sulfate abdominal constriction). Locomotor stimulant responses to fentanyl (0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 mg/kg) and morphine (10, 20, 30 mg/kg) were also examined. In addition, MADR was measured in the progenitor strains [(C57BL/6J (B6), DBA/2J (D2)] of the F2 population from which the selected lines were generated. The MADR lines did not differ in sensitivity to the analgesic effects of fentanyl; however, MALDR mice exhibited greater locomotor activation than MAHDR mice to both fentanyl and morphine. D2 mice consumed more MA than B6 mice. The line differences for MA consumption and morphine activation recapitulated B6 and D2 strain differences for these two traits, but not strain differences previously found for opioid analgesic responses. These results support a negative genetic correlation between MA consumption and sensitivity to the stimulant effects of opioids and suggest the involvement of MOP‐r regulated systems in MA intake.
Prefrontal correlates of approach preferences for alcohol stimuli in alcohol dependence
Authors: Ernst Lena H. , Plichta Michael M. , Dresler Thomas , Zesewitz Anna K. , Tupak Sara V. , Haeussinger Florian B. , Fischer Matthias , Polak Thomas , Fallgatter Andreas J. , Ehlis Ann‐Christine 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAn approach bias for alcohol stimuli (i.e. faster approach than avoidance reactions) might facilitate relapses in alcohol dependence. Neurobiological models suggest hypersensitivity in the reward system [inter alia nucleus accumbens and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC)] to cause pathologically enhanced approach impulses towards alcohol stimuli. At the same time, in alcohol dependence, these structures are only insufficiently controlled by a hypoactive dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). The present study investigated the cortical aspects of this model with functional near‐infrared spectroscopy in 21 alcohol‐dependent in‐patients and 21 healthy controls (HC; comparable in age, gender and education) during performance of the Approach‐Avoidance Task (AAT) for the first time. Complementing previous findings, in reaction times (RTs), patients showed stronger approach preferences for alcohol than non‐alcohol stimuli. For non‐alcohol stimuli, patients even displayed avoidance preferences. The reversed pattern was found in HC. Group differences in activity of the OFC were identical to those in RTs, revealing patients to assign higher subjective value to approaching alcohol stimuli. In both groups, regulatory activity in the right DLPFC was stronger during avoiding than approaching alcohol pictures. Probable awareness of the behavioural hypotheses due to explicit task instructions and patients' deficient prefrontal function might account for this equally aligned pattern. Results are discussed with regard to recent findings revealing a reduced behavioural approach bias and risk for relapse by applying a retraining version of the AAT. Functional measurements might serve as a method for monitoring the corresponding neurobiological changes and—possibly—predicting the success of such a training.