bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioplastics from waste glycerol derived from biodiesel industry
Authors: Zhu Chengjun , Chiu Steven , Nakas James P. , Nomura Christopher T. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractPolyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are polyesters that can be biologically synthesized by many microorganisms and engineered plants that have been investigated by microbiologists, biochemists, polymer scientists, material engineers, and medical researchers for several decades. Research on microbial production of PHAs has been extensively focused on using pure carbon sources, such as sugars and fatty acids. Practical considerations of production costs of PHAs have resulted in research efforts to use alternative renewable and inexpensive feedstocks. One potential feedstock for the production of PHA polymers is the glycerol waste byproduct of biodiesel production. The major focus of this review is the production of PHA polymers from glycerol. A review of biosynthetic pathways for PHAs production from glycerol, current production of waste glycerol in biodiesel industry, physical and mechanical properties of PHAs, and applications of PHAs in the areas of packaging industry, implant materials, drug carrier, biofuels, are covered. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Effect of the diisocyanate structure and the molecular weight of diols on bio‐based polyurethanes
Authors: Panwiriyarat Wannarat , Tanrattanakul Varaporn , Pilard Jean‐François , Pasetto Pamela , Khaokong Chuanpit 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBio‐based polyurethanes (PU) containing poly(ε‐caprolactone) diol (PCL) and hydroxyl telechelic natural rubber (HTNR) were synthesized. The effect of the diisocyanate structure and the molecular weights of diols on the mechanical properties of PU were investigated. Three different molecular structures of diisocyanate were employed: an aliphatic diisocyanate (hexamethylene diisocyanate, HDI), an aromatic diisocyanate (toluene‐2,4‐diisocyanate, TDI) and a cycloalkane diisocyanate (isophorone diisocyanate, IPDI). Two molecular weights of each diol were selected. When HDI was employed, a crystalline PU was generated while asymmetrical structures of TDI and IPDI provided an amorphous PU. The presence of crystalline domains was responsible of a change in tensile behavior and physical properties. PU containing TDI and IPDI showed a rubber‐like behavior: low Young's modulus and high elongation at break. The crystalline domains in PU containing HDI acted as physical crosslinks, enhancing the Young's modulus and reducing the elongation at break, and they are responsible of the plastic yielding. The crystallinity increased the tear strength, the hardness and the thermal stability of PU. There was no significant difference between the TDI and IPDI on the mechanical properties and the physical characteristics. Higher molecular weight of PCL diol changed tensile behavior from the rubber‐like materials to the plastic yielding. Thermal and dynamic mechanical properties were determined by using DSC, TGA and DMTA. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Preparation of polyamidoamine dendrons supported on chitosan microspheres and the adsorption of bilirubin
Authors: Wu Liping , Zhang Zhengpu 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe aim of this study was to prepare a new adsorbent for bilirubin (BR); low generation (G, G ≤4) hexanediamine‐containing polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrons were supported on chitosan (CS) microspheres (CS‐Gn, n = 0,1,2,3,4). The adsorption properties of this novel adsorbent for BR in aqueous solution were examined. The adsorption percentages were over 70% at 0.5 h and over 90% at 1 h. The adsorption capacity was up to 43 mg/g and was not yet saturated. The BR adsorption increased with increasing temperature and increasing BR initial concentration and was the highest at pH 7.4; it decreased slightly with increasing ionic strength and occurred even in the presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA). We observed that the CS–Gn microspheres had satisfactory competitive abilities with BSA, although the adsorption percentage decreased a certain extent in the presence of BSA. In addition, the CS–Gn microspheres were easier to prepare than the usual PAMAM dendrimers. In summary, this adsorbent is a promising biomedical material for BR removal for artificial liver supported systems. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
multifraction separation in countercurrent chromatography (MCSGP)
Authors: Krättli Martin , Müller‐Späth Thomas , Morbidelli Massimo 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThe multicolumn countercurrent solvent gradient purification (MCSGP) process is a continuous countercurrent multicolumn chromatography process capable of performing three fraction separations while applying a linear gradient of some modifier. This process can then be used either for the purification of a single species from a multicomponent mixture or to separate a three component mixture in one single operation. In this work, this process is extended to the separation of multifractions, in principle with no limitation. To achieve this goal the MCSGP standard process is extended by introducing one extra separation section per extra fraction to be isolated. Such an extra separation section is realized in this work through a single additional column, so that a n fraction MCSGP process can be realized using a minimum of n columns. Two separation processes were considered to experimentally demonstrate the possibility of realizing a four‐fraction MCSGP unit able to purify two intermediate products in a given multicomponent mixture. The first one was a model mixture containing four different proteins. The two proteins eluting in the center of the chromatogram were purified with yields equal to 95% for the early eluting and 92% for the later eluting one. The corresponding purities were 94% and 97%, respectively. Such performance was well superior to that of the batch operation with the same modifier gradient which for the same purity values could not achieve yields larger than 67% and 81%, respectively. Similar performance improvements were found for the second separation where two out of seven charge variants which constitute the mAb Cetuximab currently available on the market have been purified in one single operation using a four‐fraction MCSGP unit. In this case, yields of 81% and 65% were obtained with purities of 90% and 89%, respectively. These data compare well with the corresponding data from batch chromatography where with the same gradient and for the same purities, yield values not larger than 49% and 34%, respectively, could be achieved. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110:2436–2444. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Protein a chromatography at high titers
Authors: Natarajan Venkatesh , Zydney Andrew L. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThe large increase in antibody titers over the past two decades has created significant challenges for downstream processes; however, there have been no quantitative studies of the effect of feed concentration on the dynamic binding capacity in Protein A chromatography. Small scale experiments were performed using pre‐packed ProSep® Ultra Plus columns over a range of feed flow rates and antibody concentrations. The data clearly demonstrate that the dynamic binding capacity decreases with increasing concentration of the monoclonal antibody at short residence times. This reduction in DBC is due to non‐equilibrium mass transfer effects in the porous resin, with the experimental results consistent with predictions of a simple mathematical model based on a linear driving force with solid phase diffusion. These results provide important insights into the behavior of Protein A chromatography and provide a framework for the proper design of Protein A capture steps for high titer products. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110:2445–2451. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Escherichia coli‐based cell free production of flagellin and ordered flagellin display on virus‐like particles
Authors: Lu Yuan , Welsh John P. , Chan Wei , Swartz James R. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBacterial flagellin has been explored as a potential vaccine adjuvant for enhancing immune responses. In this article, we describe Escherichia coli‐based cell‐free protein synthesis (CFPS) as a method to rapidly produce soluble phase 1 flagellin (FliC) protein from Salmonella typhimurium. The yield was about 300 µg/mL and the product had much higher affinity for the TLR5 receptor (EC50 = 2.4 ± 1.4 pM) than previously reported. The flagellin coding sequence was first optimized for cell‐free expression. We then found that the D0 domain at the C‐terminus of flagellin was susceptible to proteolytic degradation in the CFPS system. Proteolysis was reduced by protease inhibitors, the use of protease‐deficient cell extracts or deletion of the flagellin D0 domain. A human Toll‐Like Receptor 5 (hTLR5)‐specific bioactivity analysis of purified flagellin demonstrated that, although the D0 domain is far from the TLR5 recognition region, it is important for flagellin bioactivity. We next incorporated a non‐natural amino acid displaying an alkyne moiety into flagellin using the CFPS system and attached flagellin to hepatitis B core virus‐like particles (VLPs) using bioorthogonal azide‐alkyne cycloaddition reactions. The ordered and oriented VLP display of flagellin increased its specific TLR5 stimulation activity by approximately 10‐fold. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 2073–2085. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Process Variables of the Esterification Reaction of 3‐Pentadecylphenol and Acryloyl Chloride Catalyzed by an Ionic Liquid
Authors: Wie L. , Li X. , Yanxun L. , Tingliang L. , Guoji L. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAn efficient method was investigated for the synthesis of 3‐pentadecylphenyl acrylate (PDPA) via one‐pot reaction of esterification in the presence of an ionic liquid as catalyst. In order to understand the esterification reaction process, a mathematical relationship between the yield of esterification and the process variables was established by employing central composite design. The maximum yield of esterification of 3‐pentadecylphenol (PDP) and acryloyl chloride (AC) catalyzed by imidazole ionic liquid was found to be 85 %. A statistical model predicted that the highest esterification reaction yield would be > 88 % under optimized reaction conditions. The predicted values for optimum process conditions thus obtained were in agreement with the experimental values, thereby indicating the suitability of the model.
Hierarchical Fe3O4@TiO2 Yolk–Shell Microspheres with Enhanced Microwave‐Absorption Properties
Authors: Liu Jiwei , Xu Junjie , Che Renchao , Chen Huajun , Liu Mengmei , Liu Zhengwang 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA facile and efficient strategy for the synthesis of hierarchical yolk–shell microspheres with magnetic Fe3O4 cores and dielectric TiO2 shells has been developed. Various Fe3O4@TiO2 yolk–shell microspheres with different core sizes, interstitial void volumes, and shell thicknesses have been successfully synthesized by controlling the synthetic parameters. Moreover, the microwave absorption properties of these yolk–shell microspheres, such as the complex permittivity and permeability, were investigated. The electromagnetic data demonstrate that the as‐synthesized Fe3O4@TiO2 yolk–shell microspheres exhibit significantly enhanced microwave absorption properties compared with pure Fe3O4 and our previously reported Fe3O4@TiO2 core–shell microspheres, which may result from the unique yolk–shell structure with a large surface area and high porosity, as well as synergistic effects between the functional Fe3O4 cores and TiO2 shells.
Structural Engineering for High Energy and Voltage Output Supercapacitors
Authors: Xu Jing , Wu Hui , Xu Chen , Huang Hongtao , Lu Linfeng , Ding Guqiao , Wang Huili , Liu Dongfang , Shen Guozhen , Li Dongdong , Chen Xiaoyuan 
Published: March 2013

AbstractHigh capacitance and high output voltage are two important research focuses of electrochemical supercapacitors. Herein we present two novel designs (laminated and tandem) of coin‐cell supercapacitors based on a textile coated with active material. The fabric electrodes were prepared by dipping the non‐woven cloth into a dispersion of carbon nanotubes and subsequent MnO2 electrodeposition. In the lamination configuration, several pieces of active‐material‐coated cloth were laminated to construct individual electrodes that enable fold‐increased areal capacitances and excellent cycling stability. In the tandem structure, individual cells with solid‐state electrolyte (polyvinyl alcohol/H3PO4) sandwiched between the fabric electrodes were stacked together to form a single device. The assembled device composed by ten unit cells was demonstrated to drive four LED digital screens in series with 10 V output.
ChemInform Abstract: Nearly‐Zero Thermal Expansion Along the Layer‐Stacking Axis of ZnSe‐Based Inorganic—Organic Hybrid Semiconductor Materials.
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Ren Yang , Roushan Mojgan , Li Jing 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe thermal expansion behavior of compounds (III) and (V) is determined by powder XRD between 5 and 300 K.
ChemInform Abstract: Possible Superhardness of CrB4.
Authors: Knappschneider Arno , Litterscheid Christian , Dzivenko Dmytro , Kurzman Joshua A. , Seshadri Ram , Wagner Norbert , Beck Johannes , Riedel Ralf , Albert Barbara 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe single crystal structure refinement of CrB4 is repeated and it is confirmed that the compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pnnm with Z = 2.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanochemical Synthesis of Yttrium Manganite.
Authors: Pocuca‐Nesic M. , Marinkovic Stanojevic Z. , Brankovic Z. , Cotic P. , Bernik S. , Sousa Goes M. , Marinkovic B. A. , Varela J. A. , Brankovic G. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractSingle‐phase YMnO3, a multiferroic material, is synthesized for the first time by milling a mixture of Y2O3 and Mn2O3 in a planetary ball mill for 60—720 min.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Properties, and Complex Crystal Structure of Th2Se5.
Authors: Bellott Brian J. , Malliakas Christos D. , Koscielski Lukasz A. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. , Ibers James A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe title compound is synthesized from Th and Se in a Sb2Se3 flux (1223 K, 48 h, 100% yield) and characterized by single crystal XRD, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and electrical resistivity measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Regio‐ and Enantioselective Amination of Racemic Secondary Allylic Trichloroacetimidates with N‐Methyl Anilines
Authors: Arnold Jeffrey S. , Cizio Gregory T. , Heitz Drew R. , Nguyen Hien M. 
Published: March 2013

Abstractleading to allylic N‐methyl arylamines (III) as major products
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohols, Benzyl Halides, and Alkylbenzenes with Oxone.
Authors: Parida Keshaba Nanda , Jhulki Samik , Mandal Susovan , Moorthy Jarugu Narasimha 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBeside strong advantages like low cost and environmentally benign attributes, some drawbacks are noted for Oxone as an oxidation reagent: sluggish reactions at longer reaction times due to decomposition of the reagent and side chain reactions as well as radical reactions for special substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Azobisisobutyronitrile Initiated Aerobic Oxidative Transformation of Amines: Coupling of Primary Amines and Cyanation of Tertiary Amines.
Authors: Liu Lianghui , Wang Zikuan , Fu Xuefeng , Yan Chun‐Hua 
Published: March 2013

AbstractOxygen is the sole oxidant, air or peroxide are not feasible.
ChemInform Abstract: L‐Proline‐Catalyzed Activation of Methyl Ketones or Active Methylene Compounds and DMF‐DMA for Syntheses of (2E)‐3‐Dimethylamino‐2‐propen‐1‐ones.
Authors: Kumar Dinesh , Kommi Damodara N. , Chopra Pradeep , Ansari Md. Imam , Chakraborti Asit K. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis method is suitable for a variety of ketone substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of 4H‐Chromene, 4H‐Pyran, and Oxepine Derivatives via One‐Pot Three‐Component Tandem Reactions.
Authors: Kazemi Bagher , Javanshir Shahrzad , Maleki Ali , Safari Mostafa , Khavasi Hamid Reza 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA tandem Michael addition — cyclization process of cyclic 1,3‐diones with diesters such as (II) and malononitrile or ethyl cyanoacetate is developed to yield six‐ and seven‐membered O‐heterocycles.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Entry to the Construction of a Quaternary Carbon Center Having a Fluorine Atom —SN2′ Reaction of γ‐Fluoroallylic Alcohol Derivatives with Various Cyanocuprates.
Authors: Konno Tsutomu , Ikemoto Atsushi , Ishihara Takashi 
Published: March 2013

AbstractTreatment of γ‐fluoroallylic phosphates with lower‐ordered cyanocuprates affords the corresponding γ‐adducts in a highly regioselective manner.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of 1,2,3‐Substituted Cyclopropanes by Using α‐Iodo‐ and α‐Chloromethylzinc Carbenoids.
Authors: Beaulieu Louis‐Philippe B. , Zimmer Lucie E. , Gagnon Alexandre , Charette Andre B. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractTrans‐iodocyclopropylmethanols obtained with excellent enantioselectivities by the presented new asymmetric iodocyclopropanation are further converted into 1,2,3‐substituted cyclopropanes either by reaction with electrophiles (X) or Negishi coupling with aryl iodides (XII).
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Cross‐Coupling of Aryl Triflates to the Benzylic Position of Benzylamines.
Authors: McGrew Genette I. , Stanciu Corneliu , Zhang Jiadi , Carroll Patrick J. , Dreher Spencer D. , Walsh Patrick J. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractDetailed conditions A) and B) are developed for the title process.
ChemInform Abstract: General and Efficient Protocol for the Formylation of Aromatic and Heterocyclic Phenols.
Authors: Skonieczny Kamil , Charalambidis Georgios , Tasior Mariusz , Krzeszewski Maciej , Kalkan‐Burat Ayfer , Coutsolelos Athanassios G. , Gryko Daniel T. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe formylation process is carried out by condensation with hexamethylene tetramine (I) followed by acidic hydrolysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Carboxylic Acids and Isonitriles with Conventional Heating.
Authors: Polisar Jason G. , Norton Jack R. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe reaction of isonitriles with carboxylic acids is investigated in detail providing conditions for the formation of N‐formylamides (III), (VI), and (XIII) and/or α‐oxy acrylic amides of type (VII) and (X).
ChemInform Abstract: A Sequential Pd/Norbornene‐Catalyzed Process Generates o‐Biaryl Carbaldehydes or Ketones via a Redox Reaction or 6H‐Dibenzopyrans by C—O Ring Closure.
Authors: Motti Elena , Della Ca Nicola , Xu Di , Piersimoni Anna , Bedogni Elena , Zhou Zhi‐Ming , Catellani Marta 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAn excess of norbornene has to be used, the molar ratio of norbornene to Pd varies between 5:1 to 20:1.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Alkyloxy Stilbenes by One‐Pot O‐Alkylation‐Wittig and O‐Alkylation‐Wittig—Heck Reaction Sequence.
Authors: Patel Krupa N. , Kamath Bola V. , Bedekar Ashutosh V. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractTwo one‐pot methods are presented for the synthesis of alkoxy stilbenes from hydroxybenzaldehydes such as (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Cross‐Couplings of Secondary Alkyl Electrophiles with Secondary Alkylmetal Nucleophiles: Negishi Reactions of Racemic Benzylic Bromides with Achiral Alkylzinc Reagents.
Authors: Binder Joerg T. , Cordier Christopher J. , Fu Gregory C. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA new, readily available ligand is successfully applied to the title reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Acid‐Mediated Coupling of γ‐Hydroxybutenolides and Aldehydes: Synthesis of a New Class of Spirocyclic Ketal—Lactones.
Authors: Munoz Alberto , Murelli Ryan P. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe γ‐methyl‐γ‐hydroxybutenolide (I) reacts via the intermediacy of the known molecule protoanemonin (VI) with aromatic aldehydes under conditions A) to produce spirocyclic ketal—lactones as heterocyclic subunits.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactivity of the 3‐Substituted Isoindolinone Framework to Assemble Highly Functionalized Related Structures.
Authors: Massa Antonio , et al. et al. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe synthesis of 3‐substituted isoindolinones employing a K2CO3‐catalyzed tandem aldol/cyclization/rearrangement reaction of 2‐cyanobenzaldehyde with malonates is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Arylalkylation of Unactivated Alkenes: Dual C—H Bond Cleavage of Anilines and Acetonitrile.
Authors: Zhang Hao , Chen Pinhong , Liu Guosheng 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe optimized conditions shown, especially the presence of pyridine as co‐catalyst, are crucial for an efficient process.
ChemInform Abstract: Activation of a C(sp3)—H Bond by a Transient σ‐Alkylpalladium(II) Complex: Synthesis of Spirooxindoles Through a Palladium‐Catalyzed Domino Carbopalladation/C(sp3)—C(sp3) Bond‐Forming Process.
Authors: Piou Tiffany , Neuville Luc , Zhu Jieping 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe sequence renders possible the access to various spirocycles including a benzopyrazine system (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Preparation and Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling of N‐2‐Alkylated 2H‐1,2,3‐Triazole 4‐Boronates.
Authors: Davey Paul R. J. , Delouvrie Benedicte , Dorison‐Duval Delphine , Germain Herve , Harris Craig S. , Magnien Francoise , Ouvry Gilles , Tricotet Thomas 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA novel protocol is developed to prepare 2H‐1,2,3‐triazoles, functionalized with a boronate moiety at C‐4 such as the pharmaceutically important system (VI) and its Thp analogue (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: An Expedient Route to the Azoles Through Oxidative Desulfurization Using Iodine Reagent.
Authors: Jadhav Nikhil C. , Jagadhane Prashant B. , Patel Kavitkumar N. , Telvekar Vikas N. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractOxidative desulfurization of 1,3‐disubstituted thioureas in the presence of sodium azide or formyl hydrazide leads to the formation of 5‐aminotetrazoles and 3‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazoles, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: An Asymmetric Intramolecular Stetter Reaction Catalyzed by a Chiral Triazolium Precatalyst Bearing a Pyridine Moiety.
Authors: Soeta Takahiro , Tabatake Yuhta , Ukaji Yutaka 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe asymmetric intramolecular Stetter reaction of aromatic aldehydes of type (I) is optimized to proceed in the presence of a chiral triazolium salt as the catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Method of Facilitating Aryl—Aryl Bond‐Formation Reactions in the Synthesis of Biquinoline‐ and Quinoline‐Bearing Chromene Derivatives.
Authors: Sankaran Mathan , Chandraprakash Kumarasamy , Uvarani Chokkalingam , Vennila Kailasam Natesan , Velmurugan Devadasan , Mohan Palathurai Subramaniam 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe methodology opens a new access to conjugated organic systems which are of interest in material science.
ChemInform Abstract: PdII‐Catalyzed Conjugate Addition of Boronic Acids to Ketoglutaconic Esters Toward the Synthesis of Functionalized Pyridazin‐3(2H)‐ones with Neuroprotective Activity.
Authors: Roscales Silvia , Ortega Andrea , Martin‐Aragon Sagrario , Bermejo‐Bescos Paloma , Csaky Aurelio G. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe dicationic palladium catalyst is found to be efficient for the regioselective conjugate addition of boronic acids to ketoglutaconic esters.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Organocatalytic Strecker Reaction of Cyclic N‐Acyl Trifluoromethylketimines: Synthesis of anti‐HIV Drug DPC 083.
Authors: Zhang Fa‐Guang , Zhu Xiao‐Yan , Li Shen , Nie Jing , Ma Jun‐An 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe enantioselective Strecker reaction of ketimines (I) with trimethylsilyl cyanide is used for the preparation of quinazolinones (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Recycling of Halogen Activating Groups via 1,3‐Halogen Migration.
Authors: Grigg R. David , Van Hoveln Ryan , Schomaker Jennifer M. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractCopper‐catalyzed boration of o‐bromo styrenes recycles the activating aryl halogen group into a benzylic one, allowing for additional functionalizations at this position.