bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La représentation de la nature devant le juge : Plaidoyer pour une épistémologie juridique du fictif
Authors: Sohnle Jochen 
Published: September 2015

Dans une perspective à la fois historique et théorique, la présente contribution explore la notion de nature. Pour le juriste, elle a essentiellement deux significations. Au sens étroit, qui correspond à la dimension écologique, la nature est l’objet de l’une des spécialités du droit de l’environnement (droit de la protection de la nature). Au sens large, véhiculé depuis l’antiquité (natura), elle correspond à la réalité qui est régie par les « lois » (des sciences) naturelles (la « nature des choses » du juriste). Dans la perception occidentale, cette réalité peut être opposée au droit, simple système fictif. L’auteur défend effectivement cette dichotomie entre réalité physique (nature lato sensu) et fictionnalisme juridique. Il démontre par ce biais, y compris à travers les techniques fictives de la personnalité et de la représentation juridiques, que la nature stricto sensu peut être protégée efficacement. Dans ce contexte, le rôle du juge s’analyse, grâce à l’opération du droit, comme celui d’un intermédiaire entre le monde réel et le monde juridique.
De avonturen van een kostschoolmeisje
Authors: De Potter Linde 
Published: September 2015

Abstract

The adventures of a schoolgirl. Dorothea van Male, Schola Nostra (1971), and Hugo Claus’s rewriting practice

While Hugo Claus’s oeuvre has been studied abundantly (and fruitfully) from the perspective of erudite intertextuality, the rewriting of popular narrative culture in his novels has been neglected. This one-sided focus has clouded the protean nature of Claus’s texts, in which high and low, literate and vulgar coexist. By means of a case-study on the experimental novel Schola Nostra (1971), this article demonstrates the significance of popular narrative culture for the understanding of Claus’s oeuvre. Schola Nostra caused a lot of interpretative difficulties for contemporary literary critics, who dismissed it as a senseless ‘curiosity cabinet’; the novel has been overlooked ever since. By introducing reading keys which take Claus’s rewriting of literary as well as popular genres into account, it is however possible to shed light on this volatile publication. The approach is twofold: the first reading key is provided by the popular genre of the girl’s book, the second is related to the rewriting of markedly literary genres. This combination of reading perspectives enables a meaningful interpretation of the work; at the same time, it reveals Schola Nostra’s opposition to unambiguous reading schemes. By doing so, the analysis provides new poetical and interpretative tools to study the author’s novelistic oeuvre.
Significance of the 1982–2014 Campi Flegrei seismicity: Preexisting structures, hydrothermal processes, and hazard assessment
Authors: Di Luccio F. , Pino N. A. , Piscini A. , Ventura G. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe find that the double‐difference relocated seismicity, which occurred over the last 30 years at Campi Flegrei, was triggered by the uprising of fluids preferentially concentrated along onshore and offshore NW striking preexisting caldera faults. Focal volumes of the 2005–2014 seismicity do not overlap that of the 1982–1984 period, when a major uplift of 1.8 m occurred in the central sector of the caldera. This indicates a transition from an elastic to a plastic behavior due to fluid saturation and heating of the rocks in the hydrothermal reservoir. The 2012–2014 deeper earthquakes are located in a low VP/VS zone at the western boundary of the hydrothermal reservoir, where a volume increase from a magmatic body at 3.5 km depth has been recognized. The progressive rheological change from elastic to plastic in the upper 4 km of the crust implies that a slow upward migration of magma may not necessarily be preceded by earthquakes or swarms.
Multistation observations of the azimuth, polarization, and frequency dependence of ELF/VLF waves generated by electrojet modulation
Authors: Maxworth A. S. , Gołkowski M. , Cohen M. B. , Moore R. C. , Chorsi H. T. , Gedney S. D. , Jacobs R. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractModulated ionospheric heating experiments are performed with the High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program facility in Gakona, Alaska, for the purpose of generating extremely low frequency (ELF) and very low frequency (VLF) waves. Observations are made at three different azimuths from the heating facility and at distances from 37 km to 99 km. The polarization of the observed waves is analyzed in addition to amplitude as a function of modulation frequency and azimuth. Amplitude and eccentricity are observed to vary with both azimuth and distance from the heating facility. It is found that waves radiated at azimuths northwest of the facility are generated by a combination of modulated Hall and Pedersen currents, while waves observed at other azimuths are dominated by modulated Hall currents. We find no evidence for vertical currents contributing to ground observations of ELF/VLF waves. Observed amplitude peaks near multiples of 2 kHz are shown to result from vertical resonances in the Earth‐ionosphere waveguide, and variations of the frequency of these resonances can be used to determine the D region ionosphere electron density profile in the vicinity of the HF heater.
Cobalt recovery from leached solutions of lithium‐ion batteries using waste materials as adsorbents
Authors: da Cunha Jeanine Muller , Klein Laura , Bassaco Mariana Moro , Tanabe Eduardo Hiromitsu , Bertuol Daniel Assumpção , Dotto Guilherme Luiz 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this research, chitin and rice husks were used as adsorbents to recover cobalt from leached solutions of lithium‐ion batteries. The waste materials were obtained and characterized. At first, the adsorption study was performed in batch systems using synthetic solutions, where the pH effect, kinetic, equilibrium, and thermodynamic aspects were investigated. Later, in the best conditions, chitin and rice husks were applied to recover cobalt from real leached solutions of lithium‐ion batteries. For both materials, the adsorption was favoured at pH = 6.0. The maximum adsorption capacities were 50.0 mg g−1 and 17.6 mg g−1 for chitin and rice husks, respectively, obtained at 318 K. The Co+2 recovery percentages from real leached solutions were 95.0 % and 40.0 % for chitin and rice husks respectively. These results revealed that chitin can be used as an alternative and low‐cost waste material to recover Co+2 from real leached solutions of lithium‐ion batteries.
Targeting c‐Met in Cancer by MicroRNAs: Potential Therapeutic Applications in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Karagonlar Zeynep F. , Korhan Peyda , Atabey Neşe 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

Preclinical Research

Cancer is one of the world's deadliest diseases, with very low survival rates and increased occurrence in the future. Successfully developed target‐based therapies have significantly changed cancer treatment. However, primary and/or acquired resistance in the tumor is a major challenge in current therapies and novel combinational therapies are required. RNA interference‐mediated gene inactivation, alone or in combination with other current therapies, provides novel promising therapeutics that can improve cure rate and overcome resistance mechanisms to conventional therapeutics. Hepatocyte Growth Factor/c‐Met signaling is one of the most frequently dysregulated pathways in human cancers and abnormal c‐Met activation is correlated with poor clinical outcomes and drug resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In recent years, a growing number of studies have identified several inhibitors and microRNAs (miRNAs), specifically targeting c‐Met in various cancers, including HCC. In this review, we discuss current knowledge regarding miRNAs, focusing on their involvement in cancer and their potential as research tools and therapeutics. Then, we focus on the potential use of c‐Met targeting miRNAs for suppressing aberrant c‐Met signaling in HCC treatment. Drug Dev Res 76 : 357–367, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Developmental time course of peripheral cross‐modal sensory interaction of the trigeminal and gustatory systems
Authors: Omelian Jacquelyn M. , Berry Marissa J. , Gomez Adam M. , Apa Kristi L. , Sollars Suzanne I. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTFew sensory modalities appear to engage in cross‐modal interactions within the peripheral nervous system, making the integrated relationship between the peripheral gustatory and trigeminal systems an ideal model for investigating cross‐sensory support. The present study examined taste system anatomy following unilateral transection of the trigeminal lingual nerve (LX) while leaving the gustatory chorda tympani intact. At 10, 25, or 65 days of age, rats underwent LX with outcomes assessed following various survival times. Fungiform papillae were classified by morphological feature using surface analysis. Taste bud volumes were calculated from histological sections of the anterior tongue. Differences in papillae morphology were evident by 2 days post‐transection of P10 rats and by 8 days post in P25 rats. When transected at P65, animals never exhibited statistically significant morphological changes. After LX at P10, fewer taste buds were present on the transected side following 16 and 24 days survival time and remaining taste buds were smaller than on the intact side. In P25 and P65 animals, taste bud volumes were reduced on the denervated side by 8 and 16 days postsurgery, respectively. By 50 days post‐transection, taste buds of P10 animals had not recovered in size; however, all observed changes in papillae morphology and taste buds subsided in P25 and P65 rats. Results indicate that LX impacts taste receptor cells and alters epithelial morphology of fungiform papillae, particularly during early development. These findings highlight dual roles for the lingual nerve in the maintenance of both gustatory and non‐gustatory tissues on the anterior tongue. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 76: 626–641, 2016
Pharmaceutical concentrations in screened municipal wastewaters in Victoria, British Columbia: A comparison with prescription rates and predicted concentrations
Authors: Saunders Leslie J. , Mazumder Asit , Lowe Christopher J. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are emerging chemicals of concern detected in surface waters globally. Recent reviews advocate that PPCP occurrence, fate, and exposure need to be better predicted and characterized. The use of pharmaceutical prescription rates to estimate PPCP concentrations in the environment has been suggested. Concentrations of 7 pharmaceuticals (acetylsalicylic acid, diclofenac, fenoprofen, gemfibrozil, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, and naproxen) were measured in municipal wastewater using gas chromatography/ion trap–tandem mass spectroscopy (GC/IT-MS/MS). Subregional pharmaceutical prescription data were investigated to determine whether they could predict measured effluent concentrations (MECs) in wastewaters. Predicted effluent concentrations (PECs) for 5 of the 7 pharmaceuticals were within 2-fold agreement of the MECs when the fraction of parent pharmaceutical excreted was not considered. When the fraction of parent pharmaceutical excreted was considered, the respective PECs decreased, and most were within an order of magnitude of the MECs. Regression relationships of monthly PECs versus MECs were statistically significant (p &lt; 0.05) but weak (R2 = 0.18–0.56) for all pharmaceuticals except ketoprofen. This suggests high variability in the data and may be the result of factors influencing MECs such as the analytical methods used, wastewater sampling frequency, and methodology. The PECs were based solely on prescription rates and did not account for inputs of pharmaceuticals that had a significant over-the-counter component or were from other sources (e.g., hospitals). Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:919–929. © 2015 SETAC
The efficacy of polycaprolactone/hydroxyapatite scaffold in combination with mesenchymal stem cells for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Chuenjitkuntaworn Boontharika , Osathanon Thanaphum , Nowwarote Nunthawan , Supaphol Pitt , Pavasant Prasit 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMajor drawbacks of using an autograft are the possibilities of insufficient bony source and patient's morbidity after operation. Bone tissue engineering technology, therefore, has been applied for repairing bony defects. Previous study showed that a novel fabricated 3D‐Polycaprolactone/Hydroxyapatite (PCL/HAp) scaffold possessed a good biocompatibility for bone cells. This study aimed to determine the ability of PCL/HAp for supporting cell growth, gene expression, and osteogenic differentiation in three types of mesenchymal stem cells, including bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), and adiposed‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs). These were assessed by cell viability assay (MTT), reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) analysis, alkaline phosphatase activity, and osteogenic differentiation by alizarin red‐S staining. The results showed that PCL/HAp scaffold could support growth of all three types of mesenchymal stem cells. In addition, DPSCs with PCL/HAp showed the highest level of calcium deposition compared to other groups. In conclusion, DPSCs exhibited a better compatibility with these scaffolds compared to BMSCs and ADSCs. However, the PCL/HAp could be a good candidate scaffold for all tested mesenchymal stem cells in bone tissue engineering. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: A: 264–271, 2016.
The larval head anatomy of Rhyacophila (Rhyacophilidae) with discussion on mouthpart homology and the groundplan of Trichoptera
Authors: Friedrich Frank , Schulz Johannes , Kubiak Martin , Beckmann Felix , Wilde Fabian 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThe external and internal features of the larval head of Rhyacophila fasciata (Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae) were described in detail. Anatomical examinations were carried out using a multimethod approach including histology, scanning electron microscopy, confocal laser‐scanning microscopy, microcomputed tomography, and computer‐based three‐dimensional reconstructions. Additionally, the information on the larval head of Limnephilus flavicornis (Limnephilidae) and Hydropsyche angustipennis (Hydropsychidae) available in the literature were reinvestigated. These anatomical data were used to address major questions of homology and terminology, that is, the ventral closure of the head capsule, the sclerites, and appendages of labium and maxilla and their muscles. These topics were discussed by summarizing the main hypotheses present in the literature and a critical inclusion of new findings. Consequently, the inner lobe of the maxilla very likely represents the galea. The distal maxillary sclerite (palpifer) is an anatomical composite formation at least including dististipes and lacinia. Based on these homology hypotheses several potential groundplan features of the larval head of Trichoptera were reconstructed. The head of Rhyacophila shows several presumably plesiomorphic features as for instance the prognath orientation of the mouthparts, the well‐developed hypocranial bridge, the triangular submentum and eyes composed of seven stemmata. Derived features of Rhyacophila are the reduced antennae, the anterior directing of three stemmata and the shift of the tentorio‐stipital muscle to the mentum. J. Morphol. 276:1505–1524, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Structural and mechanistic insights on nitrate reductases
Authors: Coelho Catarina , Romão Maria João 
Published: September 2015

AbstractNitrate reductases (NR) belong to the DMSO reductase family of Mo‐containing enzymes and perform key roles in the metabolism of the nitrogen cycle, reducing nitrate to nitrite. Due to variable cell location, structure and function, they have been divided into periplasmic (Nap), cytoplasmic, and membrane‐bound (Nar) nitrate reductases. The first crystal structure obtained for a NR was that of the monomeric NapA from Desulfovibrio desulfuricans in 1999. Since then several new crystal structures were solved providing novel insights that led to the revision of the commonly accepted reaction mechanism for periplasmic nitrate reductases. The two crystal structures available for the NarGHI protein are from the same organism (Escherichia coli) and the combination with electrochemical and spectroscopic studies also lead to the proposal of a reaction mechanism for this group of enzymes. Here we present an overview on the current advances in structural and functional aspects of bacterial nitrate reductases, focusing on the mechanistic implications drawn from the crystallographic data.
A model for activation of the hexadecameric phosphorylase kinase complex deduced from zero‐length oxidative crosslinking
Authors: Thompson Jackie A. , Nadeau Owen W. , Carlson Gerald M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPhosphorylase kinase (PhK) is a hexadecameric (αβγδ)4 enzyme complex that upon activation by phosphorylation stimulates glycogenolysis. Due to its large size (1.3 MDa), elucidating the structural changes associated with the activation of PhK has been challenging, although phosphoactivation has been linked with an increased tendency of the enzyme's regulatory β‐subunits to self‐associate. Here we report the effect of a peptide mimetic of the phosphoryltable N‐termini of β on the selective, zero‐length, oxidative crosslinking of these regulatory subunits to form β–β dimers in the nonactivated PhK complex. This peptide stimulated β–β dimer formation when not phosphorylated, but was considerably less effective in its phosphorylated form. Because this peptide mimetic of β competes with its counterpart region in the nonactivated enzyme complex in binding to the catalytic γ‐subunit, we were able to formulate a structural model for the phosphoactivation of PhK. In this model, the nonactivated state of PhK is maintained by the interaction between the nonphosphorylated N‐termini of β and the regulatory C‐terminal domains of the γ‐subunits; phosphorylation of β weakens this interaction, leading to activation of the γ‐subunits.
Development of engineered Escherichia coli whole-cell biocatalysts for high-level conversion of l-lysine into cadaverine
Authors: Oh Young Hoon , Kang Kyoung-Hee , Kwon Mi Jeong , Choi Jae Woo , Joo Jeong Chan , Lee Seung Hwan , Yang Yung-Hun , Song Bong Keun , Kim Il-Kwon , Yoon Ki-Hoon , Park Kyungmoon , Park Si Jae 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
A whole-cell biocatalytic system for the production of cadaverine from l-lysine has been developed. Among the investigated lysine decarboxylases from different microorganisms, Escherichia coli LdcC showed the best performance on cadaverine synthesis when E. coli XL1-Blue was used as the host strain. Six different strains of E. coli expressing E. coli LdcC were investigated and recombinant E. coli XL1-Blue, BL21(DE3) and W were chosen for further investigation since they showed higher conversion yield of lysine into cadaverine. The effects of substrate pH, substrate concentrations, buffering conditions, and biocatalyst concentrations have been investigated. Finally, recombinant E. coli XL1-Blue concentrated to an OD600 of 50, converted 192.6 g/L (1317 mM) of crude lysine solution, obtained from an actual lysine manufacturing process, to 133.7 g/L (1308 mM) of cadaverine with a molar yield of 99.90 %. The whole-cell biocatalytic system described herein is expected to be applicable to the development of industrial bionylon production process.
Discovery of novel drug targets and their functions using phenotypic screening of natural products
Authors: Chang Junghwa , Kwon Ho Jeong 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Natural products are valuable resources that provide a variety of bioactive compounds and natural pharmacophores in modern drug discovery. Discovery of biologically active natural products and unraveling their target proteins to understand their mode of action have always been critical hurdles for their development into clinical drugs. For effective discovery and development of bioactive natural products into novel therapeutic drugs, comprehensive screening and identification of target proteins are indispensable. In this review, a systematic approach to understanding the mode of action of natural products isolated using phenotypic screening involving chemical proteomics-based target identification is introduced. This review highlights three natural products recently discovered via phenotypic screening, namely glucopiericidin A, ecumicin, and terpestacin, as representative case studies to revisit the pivotal role of natural products as powerful tools in discovering the novel functions and druggability of targets in biological systems and pathological diseases of interest.
Genome‐wide linkage analyses of non‐Hispanic white families identify novel loci for familial late‐onset Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Kunkle Brian W. , Jaworski James , Barral Sandra , Vardarajan Badri , Beecham Gary W. , Martin Eden R. , Cantwell Laura S. , Partch Amanda , Bird Thomas D. , Raskind Wendy H. , DeStefano Anita L. , Carney Regina M. , Cuccaro Michael , Vance Jeffrey M. , Farrer Lindsay A. , Goate Alison M. , Foroud Tatiana , Mayeux Richard P. , Schellenberg Gerard D. , Haines Jonathan L. , Pericak‐Vance Margaret A. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIntroductionFew high penetrance variants that explain risk in late‐onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) families have been found.MethodsWe performed genome‐wide linkage and identity‐by‐descent (IBD) analyses on 41 non‐Hispanic white families exhibiting likely dominant inheritance of LOAD, and having no mutations at known familial Alzheimer's disease (AD) loci, and a low burden of APOE ε4 alleles.ResultsTwo‐point parametric linkage analysis identified 14 significantly linked regions, including three novel linkage regions for LOAD (5q32, 11q12.2–11q14.1, and 14q13.3), one of which replicates a genome‐wide association LOAD locus, the MS4A6A‐MS4A4E gene cluster at 11q12.2. Five of the 14 regions (3q25.31, 4q34.1, 8q22.3, 11q12.2–14.1, and 19q13.41) are supported by strong multipoint results (logarithm of odds [LOD*] ≥1.5). Nonparametric multipoint analyses produced an additional significant locus at 14q32.2 (LOD* = 4.18). The 1‐LOD confidence interval for this region contains one gene, C14orf177, and the microRNA Mir_320, whereas IBD analyses implicates an additional gene BCL11B, a regulator of brain‐derived neurotrophic signaling, a pathway associated with pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases.DiscussionExamination of these regions after whole‐genome sequencing may identify highly penetrant variants for familial LOAD.