bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Petroleum Potential of the Chalbi Basin, NW Kenya
Authors: Rop Bernard K. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract:
This paper deals with the study of subsurface stratigraphy of the Chalbi rift basin, northwest Kenya. The basin is known to have evolved through extension tectonics that brought out continental rifting as a part of the major Gondwanaland breakup in the Late Paleozoic and continued in the Mesozoic and Tertiary. This work has been based on gravity, seismic and gamma ray data, as well as the drill core logs available. The geophysical data used was collected by AMOCO as part of the hydrocarbon programme. But the gravity anomaly maps as well as seismic profiles were most useful for the interpretations incorporated in the present paper. They revealed the presence of several horst and graben structural systems. It was also revealed that the basin attracted sedimentary piles ranging up to 5 km thickness, which were deposited on basement rocks of Precambrian age. The basin subsequently got covered by basaltic flows of mainly Miocene age. The drill core lithologs that were available pertain to wells: C1, C2 and C3 in the Chalbi basin (Cretaceous). Comparing the lithologs from these wells with the seismic and gamma ray characteristics have been discussed in order to characterise the strata in which there was oil/gas shows. These characteristics were further seen in the light of the porosities, organic matter and other sedimentological parameters in order to understand the essential features of source rocks, reservoir rocks and the cap rocks. An attempt has been made to extrapolate the knowledge gained for recommending the probable prognostic sites for future drilling in the Chalbi Basin.
Trace Elements in Groundwater of Hindon-Yamuna Interfluve Region, Baghpat District, Western Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Alam Fakhre , Umar Rashid 
Published: April 2013

Abstract:
The present study was carried out in parts of Hindon-Yamuna interfluve region to evaluate the concentration of trace elements (Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Cd, B and Pb) in groundwater. Pre-monsoon groundwater samples were collected in 2007 from 22 locations distributed throughout the study area, and were analyzed using Inductive Coupled Plasma Mass-Spectrophotometer (ICPMS).
Trace element analyses show high concentration levels for Al and Cr in almost all groundwater samples. Relatively high values are also reported for Pb, Se, Fe and Mn (as per B.I.S (1991) standard for drinking water) in few samples. These high concentrations of metal ions in groundwater were probably due to discharge of untreated effluents from Textile , dyeing and other industries. As far as Al is concerned, its source is rather enigmatic.
THE EFFECTS OF RECOGNIZED FOREIGN JUDGMENTS IN CIVIL AND COMMERCIAL MATTERS
Authors: Harder Sirko 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis article investigates what effects a recognized foreign judgment in civil and commercial matters has in English proceedings. Does the judgment have the effects that it has in the foreign country (extension of effects) or the effects that a comparable English judgment would have (equalization of effects), or a combination of these? After a review of the current law, it will be discussed what approach is preferable on principle. The suggested approach will then be illustrated by considering whether a foreign decision on one legal basis of a certain claim ought to preclude English proceedings involving another legal basis of the same claim. Finally, it will be discussed whether and how the effects of a recognized foreign judgment in England are affected by interests of a third country.
OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF BOUNDARY AGREEMENTS
Authors: Magnússon Bjarni Már 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe article analyses the trends in continental shelf boundary agreements that extend beyond 200 nautical miles. The focus is on three issues: first, the delimitation method; second, whether States have acted on the basis that they have to delineate the limits between the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles and the international seabed area before they engage in a boundary delimitation with neighbouring states; and third, how the end point of the boundary line has been defined. The goal of the analysis is to find out whether any rule of customary law has emerged which seems not to be the case.
Justice, Happiness, and the Sensible Knave: Hume's Incomplete Defense of the Just Life
Authors: Culp Jonathan 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn his response to the fictitious “sensible knave” in theEnquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals, Hume argues that the practice of justice is always in our own interest. This article provides the first comprehensive interpretation of Hume's response, incorporating his discussion of virtue and happiness in his essay “The Sceptic.” It will be seen that this argument is a hedonistic one, resting on the superior pleasure and security of a life of modest wealth and intellectual cultivation. Hume's argument ultimately fails, and he knows it. He offers it nonetheless because it is generally true and socially beneficial.
ORDER BOUNDED WEIGHTED COMPOSITION OPERATORS
Authors: WOLF ELKE 
Published: April 2013

AbstractLet$\phi $and$\psi $be analytic maps on the open unit disk$D$such that$\phi (D) \subset D$. Such maps induce a weighted composition operator$C_{\phi ,\psi }$acting on weighted Banach spaces of type$H^{\infty }$or on weighted Bergman spaces, respectively. We study when such operators are order bounded.
Choreography of importin-α/CAS complex assembly and disassembly at nuclear pores
Authors: Sun Changxia , Fu Guo , Ciziene Danguole , Stewart Murray , Musser Siegfried M. 
Published: April 2013

Significance
Nucleocytoplasmic transport requires the orchestrated assembly and disassembly of cargo–carrier complexes. Visualizing the dynamics of these interactions during nuclear import and export with millisecond time resolution using single-molecule FRET provides new insight into the mechanism of the transport cycle. We show that although key interactions between components are reversible and multiple outcomes are often possible, effective transport is generated through precise spatiotemporal control of cargo–carrier complex assembly and disassembly. The novel transient intermediates identified and the kinetic models developed emphasize that the distinct environments at the nuclear and cytoplasmic faces of nuclear pores are necessary for productive transport.
A Population Model to Assess Influences on the Viability of the Shortnose Sturgeon Population in the Ogeechee River, Georgia
Authors: Jager Henriette I. , Peterson Douglas L. , Farrae Daniel , Bevelhimer Mark S. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractSouthern populations of the federally endangered Shortnose Sturgeon Acipenser brevirostrum are considered to be at greater risk of extirpation than northern populations. Our study focused on the Ogeechee River, Georgia, a small, undeveloped, coastal river that supports a population with fewer than 300 Shortnose Sturgeon. We designed a population viability analysis (PVA) model to represent and quantify the demographic influences of three factors (poor water quality, intrusion of saline water via rice canals, and incidental harvest) on the viability of this population. As an isolated population, only 75% of simulated populations persisted beyond a 20‐year time horizon with all factors simulated. However, immigration from the Altamaha River may help to support the population. We quantified population persistence with and without simulating each factor and found that (1) incidental harvest had no effect on simulated persistence, (2) poor water quality decreased simulated persistence by 29%, primarily due to low oxygen conditions in summer, and (3) roughly one‐third of this effect was attributed to rice canals (premature exposure of juveniles to high salinities). Simulated recruitment to age 1 was limited by a habitat squeeze between density‐dependent starvation upstream near the spawning grounds and premature exposure to salinity downstream. These results highlight a need for research on availability of summer refuge and freshwater rearing habitat. As these results derived from a PVA model, which required many assumptions, they should be considered preliminary. Further field research is needed to confirm those results where it is possible to test intermediate predictions. We conclude by suggesting that efforts to maintain or increase the number of viable populations of Shortnose Sturgeon in southern U.S. rivers will probably require an understanding of (1) source‐sink dynamics between populations in rivers with access to adequate freshwater rearing habitat and those without, and (2) the effects of climate change.
Is Environmental Contamination Associated with Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Infection in Maximum Security Prisons?
Authors: Miko Benjamin A. , Herzig Carolyn T. A. , Mukherjee Dhritiman V. , Befus Montina , Apa Zoltan L. , Bai Ruo Yu , Lee Caroline J. , Uhlemann Anne-Catrin , Larson Elaine L. , Lowy Franklin D. 
Published: April 2013

Over the past decade, large outbreaks of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) infections have occurred in correctional facilities across the country. Although many have been managed with aggressive interventions, response to standard infection control procedures has been variable, highlighting our incomplete understanding of staphylococcal transmission in this setting. Environmental contamination has recently emerged as a possible target for novel prevention and control strategies. This study sought to characterize the relationship between environmental contamination and clinical infection in this vulnerable population.We conducted a case-control study of S. aureus environmental contamination at 2 New York State (NYS) maximum security prisons: Sing Sing (men) and Bedford Hills (women).
Mechanical Properties and Biological Interaction of Aortic Clamps: Are These All Minimally Invasive?
Authors: Bianchi Giacomo , Pucci Angela , Matteucci Marco , Varone Egidio , Romano Simone Lorenzo , Lionetti Vincenzo , Glauber Mattia 
Published: April 2013

Objective Although specifically designed aortic clamps are mainstay of minimally invasive cardiac surgery, so far, no comparative reports about their mechanical properties and interaction with the aortic wall have been reported. In this study, the generated force in the clamps’ jaws and the biological response of the aorta after clamping are evaluated. Methods The jaw force of five commercially available clamps [Geister, Cygnet, Cardiovision (CV) 195.10, CV 195.40, and CV 195.83] was assessed by clamping a 2.2-mm compression load cell with a dedicated computer universal serial bus interface at the proximal, the middle, and the distal site from the fulcrum. Biological response of the aortic wall was assessed in five minipigs (weight, 38–40 kg) that underwent thoracic aorta clamping and leakage point test. Immunohistochemistry and morphometric analysis were carried out for each aortic segment tested. Results Force generation pattern is peculiar of each clamp, being higher in the proximal and the middle portion and lower in the distal part. One clamp (Cygnet) exhibited homogeneous maximal force generation at all three sites. All clamps exhibited peculiar crushing artifacts. A variable degree of endothelial layer disruption occurred in all clamping tests; three clamps (CV 195.10, Cygnet, and Geister) had the lower amount of intact endothelium. The clamping force was not associated with the degree of endothelial disruption (P value was not significant). Conclusions The choice of a clamp that is not only minimally invasive in design but also least traumatic will help avoid complications of aortic manipulation.
Advanced Esophageal Cancer in Patients who Underwent Radiofrequency Ablation for Barrett Esophagus with High-Grade Dysplasia
Authors: Kim Min P. , Brown Kendra N. , Schwartz Mary R. , Blackmon Shanda H. 
Published: April 2013

Objective We sought to evaluate clinicopathologic features of patients who underwent esophageal surgery after radiofrequency ablation (RFA) treatment using the HALO system for Barrett esophagus (BE) with high-grade dysplasia (HGD). Methods We evaluated patients from our hospital database who underwent esophagectomy from August 2006 to January 2012 after previously receiving RFA for BE. Information on demographics, time between RFA and surgery, indications for surgery, and final esophageal pathology was collected. Results In our study, we selected 102 patients who underwent esophagectomy. Five patients had a history of RFA for BE with HGD. Three patients were referred because of persistent HGD despite RFA, and all three patients had HGD in the esophagectomy specimen. Two patients presented with a benign diagnosis (esophageal perforation and leiomyoma), and both of these patients had pathologic stage T3N2M0 adenocarcinoma of the esophagus in the resected specimen. One of these patients had normal mucosa overlying carcinoma in the muscularis propria and adventitia. The patients with stage T3N2M0 cancer did not have pre-RFA endoscopic ultrasound, first treatment of RFA with HALO360, or surveillance endoscopic biopsy every 3 months. Conclusions Radiofrequency ablation for BE with HGD may mask underlying esophageal cancer. Patients who are counseled to undergo RFA for HGD should be aware that RFA could lead to delayed diagnosis and delayed treatment of invasive esophageal cancer without careful patient selection, appropriate RFA use, and close surveillance.
Outcome of the Impella Device for Acute Mechanical Circulatory Support
Authors: Lemaire Anthony , Anderson Mark B. , Prendergast Thomas , Stockmaster Neil , Goodman Andrew , Lozane Ann Marie , Batsides George 
Published: April 2013

Objective The contribution of cardiogenic shock to in-hospital mortality has not decreased significantly despite prompt revascularization, advances in medical therapy, and mechanical circulatory support. For patients in cardiogenic shock, mechanical circulatory support has been provided by a variety of devices. We report the outcome of the Impella device for acute mechanical circulatory support in cardiogenic shock in a setting of a large-volume single institution. The primary end points include survival to 30 days and recovery of native heart function and survival to 90 days and 1 year. The secondary end points include device complications. Methods We performed a retrospective chart review of 36 consecutive patients who underwent placement of the Impella device from February 6, 2006, to December 31, 2010. The charts were evaluated for data relative to the patients’ demographics, hemodynamics, operative details, 30-day outcome including the patients’ native heart function recovery, and 90-day and 1-year survival. Results Thirty-six consecutive patients were included in our study. The mean ± SD age was 60.3 ± 13 years, and 69% were men. The indication for placement of the Impella device included postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock in 23 patients (64%), acute myocardial infarction complicated with cardiogenic shock in 10 patients (28%), acute decompensated ischemic cardiomyopathy in 2 patients (6%), and myocarditis with cardiogenic shock in 1 patient (3%). The mean ± SD duration of the Impella support was 4.5 ± 3.9 days (range, 1–18). The 30-day survival rate was 72% (26/36), and, of those, 96% (25/26) recovered their native heart function and one (4%) was bridged to long-term left ventricular assist device (HeartMate II; Thoratec, Inc, Pleasanton, CA USA). The 90-day and 1-year survival was 64% and 61%, respectively. Conclusions The Impella devices yielded a very favorable outcome in patients with cardiogenic shock.
Administration of metoclopramide by infusion or bolus does not affect the incidence of drug‐induced akathisia
Authors: Egerton‐Warburton Diana , Povey Kirsty 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe study aims to determine if slow intravenous infusion of metoclopramide reduces the incidence of acute drug‐induced akathisia (DIA) compared with intravenous bolus.MethodsA prospective, double‐blind, double dummy trial of adult patients requiring intravenous metoclopramide in the ED. Participants were randomised to receive either: metoclopramide 20 mg as a bolus and normal saline infusion over 15 min, or normal saline bolus and metoclopramide 20 mg infused over 15 min. Patients were assessed for DIA using the Prince Henry Akathisia Rating Scale before treatment was commenced and at 20, 40 and 60 min post. Nausea was assessed with a visual analog scale.ResultsOf 210 participants assessed for eligibility, 206 were randomised and 205 were included in the final analysis. Participant characteristics and indication for metoclopramide were well matched between the treatment groups. Overall, incidence of DIA was 26 out of 205 participants (12.68%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 8.09–17.3). DIA occurred in 11 out of 103 (10.68%, 95% CI 4.61–16.74%) in the bolus group, and in 15 out of 102 (14.71%, 95% CI 7.71–21.70%) in the infusion group (P = 0.67). Severe DIA occurred in six patients in each group. The mean age of patients experiencing DIA was 34 years (interquartile range 29–40) and 42 years (interquartile range 40–45) in those without akathisia (P = 0.04). Nausea reduction was equivalent in both groups.ConclusionThe incidence of DIA and reduction in nausea is unaffected by the rate of administration of intravenous metoclopramide 20 mg.
Benign acute childhood myositis following human parainfluenza virus type‐1 infection
Authors: Tippett Emma , Clark Ronald 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBenign acute childhood myositis (BACM) is a post‐respiratory tract infection condition of school‐age children. Presentation is typically with acute onset calf pain and tenderness and refusal to walk or altered gait during the convalescent period of an influenza A or B infection. We describe a unique cluster of children with BACM following infection with human parainfluenza 1 virus, with no evidence of influenza A or B infection. BACM is a commonly missed diagnosis of altered gait in children presenting to the emergency department. This is the first report to describe a cluster of human parainfluenza virus type‐1 associated BACM. We discuss the presentation, clinical examination and investigation results of the children identified. Furthermore, we review the current research surrounding BACM, overview the clinical presentation to healthcare professionals, and present an interesting case of a child presenting for the second time with BACM.
Comparison of an intra‐oral photographic caries assessment with an established visual caries assessment method for use in dental epidemiological studies of children
Authors: Boye Uriana , Willasey Angela , Walsh Tanya , Tickle Martin , Pretty Iain A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectivesA cross‐sectional study was conducted to compare a visual dental examination method developed by the British Association for the Study of Community Dentistry with assessment of intra‐oral photographs as means of detecting dental caries in 5‐year‐olds and 10‐ to 11‐year‐olds.Method130 5‐year‐olds and 140 10‐ to 11‐year‐olds were visually examined by five trained and calibrated examiners. The children also had intra‐oral photographs of their teeth taken. The same five examiners assessed the photographs for caries. Both photographic and visual assessments were undertaken at ‘caries into dentine’ level.ResultsWeighted kappas for the outcome DMFT/dmft as a measure of intra‐examiner reliability for the visual examinations ranged from 0.94 to 0.98 (median = 0.98) in the 5‐year‐olds and 0.80 to 1.00 (median = 0.93) in the 10‐ to 11‐year‐olds. Weighted kappas as a measure of intra‐examiner reliability for the photographic assessments ranged from 0.83 to 1.00 (median = 0.93) in the 5‐year‐olds and 0.69 to 0.95 (median = 0.81) in the 10‐ to 11‐year‐olds. Sensitivity values for the photographic assessment method as compared to the gold standard of the visual examination scores of a benchmark examiner ranged from 87.8% to 95.8% in the 5‐year‐olds and 58.5% to 71.7% in the 10‐ to 11‐year‐olds.ConclusionThere was good intra‐examiner reliability for both the visual and the photographic methods for all the examiners. There are no clinically significant differences between the photographic scores and the visual assessments using any of the metrics described. The photographic approach is therefore equivalent in diagnostic utility to the visual system and confers considerable advantages in terms of examiner bias reduction, remote scoring and archiving. These advantages must be weighed against the modest costs of the cameras and the increase time required to acquire the images.
Interaction of copolymer‐1‐activated T cells and microglia in retinal ganglion cell protection
Authors: Qian Shaohong , Tang Yating , Cheng Lina , Sun Xinghuai , Tian Jie , Zhou Chuandi 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe interaction of copolymer‐1‐activated T cells and microglia on retinal ganglion cells survival in vitro was explored.MethodsCopolymer‐1‐specific T cells were made by repeated copolymer‐1 stimulation of T cells, microglia were isolated from the retinas of newborn rats, and then, they were co‐cultured (the experimental group) for 48 h. Retinal ganglion cells were collected from the retinas of adult rats, purified, and then, the supernatants from different groups were added. After 72 h, terminal‐deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated d‐UTP nick end labelling analysis was used to observe retinal ganglion cell apoptosis, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to test messenger RNA expression of Caspase‐3 and Caspase‐8. The levels of cytokines, including insulin‐like growth factor‐1, brain‐derived neurotrophic factor, tumour necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐10, in the supernatants were examined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay to explore the possible mechanisms undergoing.ResultsAfter 72 h, the mean retinal ganglion cell apoptosis rate in the experimental group was the lowest (25.36%) among the groups. The messenger RNA expression of Caspase‐3 and Caspase‐8 in this group was significantly lower than that of the control groups (both P < 0.05). The secretion of interlekin‐10 and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor, insulin‐like growth factor‐1 and tumour necrosis factor‐α in the supernatant of the experimental group were higher than that of the control groups (both P < 0.05) after co‐culture.Conclusions The interaction of copolymer‐1‐specific T cells with microglia could reduce retinal ganglion cell apoptosis. The related immune mechanisms were complicated. Upregulation of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor and insulin‐like growth factor‐1, and the balance of some pro‐inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory cytokines may be involved in this protective autoimmunity.