bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Cholesterol and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Oxidation through the Use of Annatto and Bixin in High‐Pressure Processed Fish
Authors: Figueirêdo Bruno C. , Bragagnolo Neura , Skibsted Leif H. , Orlien Vibeke 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAnnatto and bixin, the main carotenoid of annatto seeds, were both found to inhibit cholesterol oxidation in minced herring (Clupea harengus) and minced mackerel (Scomber scombrus) during high pressure processing (600 MPa for 10 min) and subsequent chilled storage for 2 wk, a treatment which otherwise increased the content of cholesterol oxidation products above a critical limit for human consumption. Annatto but not bixin reduced the loss of docosahexaenoic acid caused by high pressure processing of herring from 12% to 7%, an effect assigned to antioxidative effects of phenolic compounds in annatto, while bixin as a carotenoid binds to membranes protecting membrane cholesterol.
Performance of Nonmigratory Iron Chelating Active Packaging Materials in Viscous Model Food Systems
Authors: Roman Maxine J. , Decker Eric A. , Goddard Julie M. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractMany packaged food products undergo quality deterioration due to iron promoted oxidative reactions. Recently, we have developed a nonmigratory iron chelating active packaging material that represents a novel approach to inhibit oxidation of foods while addressing consumer demands for “cleanˮ labels. A challenge to the field of nonmigratory active packaging is ensuring that surface‐immobilized active agents retain activity in a true food system despite diffusional limitations. Yet, the relationship between food viscosity and nonmigratory active packaging activity retention has never been characterized. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of food viscosity on iron chelation by a nonmigratory iron chelating active packaging material. Methyl cellulose was added to aqueous buffered iron solutions to yield model systems with viscosities ranging from ∼1 to ∼105 mPa·s, representing viscosities ranging from beverage to mayonnaise. Iron chelation was quantified by material‐bound iron content using colorimetry and inductively coupled plasma‐optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES). Maximum iron chelation was reached in solutions up to viscosity ∼102 mPa·s. In more viscous solutions (up to ∼104 mPa·s), there was a significant decrease in iron chelating capacity (P < 0.05). However, materials still retained at least 76% iron chelating capacity. Additionally, the influence of different food hydrocolloids on the performance of nonmigratory iron chelating active packaging was characterized. Methyl cellulose and carrageenan did not compete with the material for specific iron chelation (P > 0.05). Materials retained 32% to 45% chelating capacity when in contact with competitively chelating hydrocolloids guar gum, locust bean gum, and xanthan gum. This work demonstrates the potential application of nonmigratory iron chelating active packaging in liquid and semi‐liquid foods to allow for the removal of synthetic chelators, while maintaining food quality.
Exon capture phylogenomics: efficacy across scales of divergence
Authors: Bragg Jason G. , Potter Sally , Bi Ke , Moritz Craig 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe evolutionary histories of species are not measured directly, but estimated using genealogies inferred for particular loci. Individual loci can have discordant histories, but in general we expect to infer evolutionary histories more accurately as more of the genome is sampled. High Throughput Sequencing (HTS) is now providing opportunities to incorporate thousands of loci in ‘phylogenomic’ studies. Here, we used target enrichment to sequence c.3000 protein‐coding exons in a group of Australian skink lizards (crown group age c.80 Ma). This method uses synthetic probes to ‘capture’ target exons that were identified in the transcriptomes of selected probe design (PD) samples. The target exons are then enriched in sample DNA libraries prior to performing HTS. Our main goal was to study the efficacy of enrichment of targeted loci at different levels of phylogenetic divergence from the PD species. In taxa sharing a common ancestor with PD samples up to c.20 Ma, we detected little reduction in efficacy, measured here as sequencing depth of coverage. However, at around 80 Myr divergence from the PD species, we observed an approximately two‐fold reduction in efficacy. A secondary goal was to develop a workflow for analysing exon capture studies of phylogenetically diverse samples, while minimizing potential bias. Our approach assembles each exon in each sample separately, by first recruiting short sequencing reads having homology to the corresponding protein sequence. In sum, custom exon capture provides a complement to existing, more generic target capture methods and is a practical and robust option across low‐moderate levels of phylogenetic divergence.
Peripheral arterial disease in patients with giant cell arteritis: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Ungprasert Patompong , Thongprayoon Charat , Kittanamongkolchai Wonngarm , Srivali Narat , Cheungpasitporn Wisit 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimTo investigate the association between giant cell arteritis (GCA) and risk of peripheral arterial disease (PAD).MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational cohort studies that reported relative risks, hazard ratios or standardized incidence ratios with 95% confidence comparing PAD risk in patients with GCA versus non‐GCA subjects. Pooled risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using a random‐effect, generic inverse variance of DerSimonian and Laird.ResultsFour studies with 9789 patients with GCA and 236 728 controls were identified and included in our data analysis. The pooled risk ratio of PAD among patients with GCA compared with controls was 1.88 (95% CI 1.04–3.41). The statistical heterogeneity was high with an I2 of 89%.ConclusionOur study demonstrated a statistically significant increased risk of PAD among patients with GCA.
Recurrent bilateral spontaneous pneumothorax secondary to lung adenocarcinoma with epidermal growth factor receptor mutation
Authors: Chen Wenhui , Lin Yingxiang , Yu Yanxia , Wei Ping , Dai Huaping 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA 42‐year‐old female patient was admitted for recurrent bilateral spontaneous pneumothorax. High resolution computed tomography showed bilateral pneumothorax and numerous round and oval, thin‐walled lung cysts. Microscopically, each small cyst was composed of distended subpleural alveolar spaces. Tumor cells, characteristic of acinar adenocarcinoma, obstructed and narrowed the terminal bronchioles. There was no tumor necrosis or mucin production. This suggested check‐valve as a possible mechanism of the thin‐walled cysts and pneumothorax. Genetic analysis suggested that the tumors were positive for epidermal growth factor receptor mutation L858R in exon 21. Bilateral spontaneous pneumothorax and thin‐walled cysts in association with lung cancer is rarely reported and may be confused with cystic benign lung lesions.
Robotic infrarenal paraaortic and pelvic nodal staging for endometrial cancer: feasibility and lymphatic complications
Authors: Geppert Barbara , Persson Jan 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIntroductionThis study was designed to evaluate the feasibility and lymphatic complications of robotic pelvic and infrarenal paraaortic lymphadenectomy in endometrial cancer patients.Material and methodsAll patients diagnosed with high risk endometrial cancer during the study period were identified (n = 212). Clinical prospective data, with reassessment of lymphatic complications, was analysed for all cases (n = 140) planned for a complete robotic nodal staging. The outcome measures were: success rate of infrarenal paraaortic lymphadenectomy, the rate of lymphatic complications and factors associated with nodal yield.ResultsOf the 212 women, an open or restricted robotic procedure was performed in 57 women (27%) and no operation in 15 (7%), the latter due to disseminated disease or comorbidity. In 140 women (66%) in whom staging was intended, the lymphadenectomy included the infrarenal area in 70%, was restricted to the inframesenteric area in 21% and aborted or incomplete in 9%. The median number of paraaortic nodes was 10 (range 2–39). An unsuccessful staging was associated with high BMI and the surgeon's inexperience. At 1 year, three patients (2%) had developed a grade two lower limb lymphedema. Eleven women (8%) demonstrated pelvic lymphocysts; seven (64%) resolved spontaneously. Only one paraaortic lymphocyst was found; this required drainage. No cases of chylous ascites occurred.ConclusionsAn infrarenal robotic paraaortic lymphadenectomy is feasible in 70% of high risk endometrial cancer cases when intended (88% in non‐obese patients operated by experienced surgeons), but is restricted in obese patients and by surgeon's inexperience.
Characteristics of women with repeat termination of pregnancy: a study of all requests for pregnancy termination in Norway during 2007–2011
Authors: Justad‐Berg Ragnhild T. , Eskild Anne , Strøm‐Roum Ellen M. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIntroductionWe studied the proportion of all pregnancy terminations requested by women with a history of pregnancy termination. We also studied risk factors for repeat pregnancy termination.Material and methodsWe used data from the Norwegian Register of Pregnancy Termination during the period 2007–2011, a total of 80 346 requests for pregnancy termination before the end of the 12th gestational week. Odds ratios for repeat pregnancy termination were estimated according to age, parity, contraceptive use, marital status, education, employment status and region of residency by applying logistic regression analyses. Repeat pregnancy termination was defined as request for pregnancy termination for the second time or more.ResultsAmong the 80 346 requests for pregnancy termination, 36.7% were among women with a history of pregnancy termination. In total, 25.0% had one prior termination and 11.7% had two or more. Factors associated with repeat pregnancy termination were; age ≥25 years, having one or more children, and use of contraception at the time of conception. College/university education as compared with primary school only, was associated with reduced risk of repeat termination.ConclusionAmong all requests for pregnancy termination in Norway, 36.7% were from women with a history of pregnancy termination. Many women with repeat pregnancy termination have children and/or used contraception at the time of conception. Our findings therefore suggest that high fecundity is an underlying risk factor for repeat pregnancy termination.
Systematic review with meta‐analysis: Saccharomyces boulardii in the prevention of antibiotic‐associated diarrhoea
Authors: Szajewska H. , Kołodziej M. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryBackgroundAntibiotic‐associated diarrhoea is a common complication of antibiotic use, but it can be prevented with administration of probiotics.AimTo update our 2005 meta‐analysis on the effectiveness of Saccharomyces boulardii in preventing antibiotic‐associated diarrhoea in children and adults.MethodsThe Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases were searched up until May 2015, with no language restrictions, for randomised controlled trials; additional references were obtained from reviewed articles. The quality of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) guidelines.ResultsTwenty‐one randomised controlled trials (4780 participants), among which 16 were new trials, met the inclusion criteria for this updated systematic review. Administration of S. boulardii compared with placebo or no treatment reduced the risk of antibiotic‐associated diarrhoea (as defined by the study investigators) in patients treated with antibiotics from 18.7% to 8.5% (risk ratio, RR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.38–0.57, number needed to treat, NNT: 10; 95% CI: 9–13). In children, S. boulardii reduced the risk from 20.9% to 8.8% (6 randomised controlled trials, n=1653, RR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.3–0.6); in adults, from 17.4% to 8.2% (15 randomised controlled trials, n=3114, RR: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.38–0.63). Moreover, S. boulardii reduced the risk of Clostridium difficile‐associated diarrhoea; however, this reduction was significant only in children (2 randomised controlled trials, n = 579, RR: 0.25; 95% CI: 0.08–0.73) and not in adults (9 randomised controlled trials, n = 1441, RR: 0.8, 95% CI: 0.47–1.34).ConclusionsThis meta‐analysis confirms that S. boulardii is effective in reducing the risk of antibiotic‐associated diarrhoea in children and adults.
Super‐mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy (SMP): a new concept in technique and instrumentation
Authors: Zeng Guohua , Wan ShawPong , Zhao Zhijian , Zhu Jianguo , Tuerxun Aierken , Song Chao , Zhong Liang , Liu Ming , Xu Kewei , Li Hulin , Jiang Zhiqiang , Khadgi Sanjay , Pal Shashi K. , Liu Jianjun , Zhang Guoxi , Liu Yongda , Wu Wenqi , Chen Wenzhong , Sarica Kemal 
Published: July 2015

ObjectiveTo present a novel miniature endoscopic system designed to improve the safety and efficacy of percutaneous nephrolithotomy, named the ‘super‐mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy’ (SMP).Patients and MethodsThe endoscopic system consists of a 7‐F nephroscope with enhanced irrigation and a modified 10–14 F access sheath with a suction‐evacuation function. This system was tested in patients with renal stones of <2.5 cm, in a multicentre prospective non‐randomised clinical trial. In all, 146 patients were accrued in 14 centres. Nephrostomy tract dilatation was carried out to 10–14 F. The lithotripsy was performed using either a Holmium laser or pneumatic lithotripter. A nephrostomy tube or JJ stent was placed only if clinically indicated.ResultsSMP was completed successfully in 141 of 146 patients. Five patients required conversion to larger nephrostomy tracts. The mean (sd) stone size was 2.2 (0.6) cm and the mean operative duration was 45.6 min. The initial stone‐free rate (SFR) was 90.1%. The SFR at the 3‐month follow‐up was 95.8%. Three patients required auxiliary procedures for residual stones. Complications occurred in 12.8% of the patients, all of which were Clavien grade ≤II and no transfusions were needed. In all, 72.3% of the patients did not require any kind of catheter, while 19.8% had JJ stents and 5.7% had nephrostomy tubes placed. The mean hospital stay was 2.1 days.ConclusionsSMP is a safe and effective treatment for renal stones of <2.5 cm. SMP may be particularly suitable for patients with lower pole stones and stones that ae not amenable to retrograde intrarenal surgery.
DaPeCa‐3: promising results of sentinel node biopsy combined with 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in clinically lymph node‐negative patients with penile cancer – a national study from Denmark
Authors: Jakobsen Jakob K. , Alslev Louise , Ipsen Pia , Costa Junia C. , Krarup Kim P. , Sommer Peter , Nerstrøm Henrik , Toft Birgitte G. , Høyer Søren , Bouchelouche Kirsten , Jensen Jørgen B. 
Published: July 2015

ObjectivesTo estimate the diagnostic accuracy of sentinel node biopsy (SNB) combined with preoperative 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) for inguinal lymph node (LN) evaluation in patients with invasive penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) with no clinical evidence of inguinal metastases (cN0) at two tertiary centres with complete clinical follow‐up.Patients and MethodsFrom April 2010 in Centre one and from January 2013 in Centre two, we prospectively enrolled patients diagnosed with invasive PSCC and scheduled for SNB at the only two university centres treating penile cancer in Denmark. All patients had FDG PET/CT before SNB. The sentinel LNs were preoperatively located by planar lymphoscintigraphy in 134 groins (68 patients) and by single‐photon emission CT/CT in 120 groins (61 patients). The primary endpoints were the sensitivity, specificity, and false‐negative rate of SNB combined with FDG PET/CT. The secondary endpoint was SNB‐related morbidity.ResultsWe examined 254 groins in 129 patients by SNB combined with FDG PET/CT. The median (interquartile range, IQR) follow‐up of survivors was 23 (14–35) months. Of 201 LN‐negative groins, two were false negatives, and despite radio‐chemotherapy treatment, both patients died from penile cancer. Four of 23 radiotracer‐silent groins, had a FDG PET/CT‐positive LNs and were surgically explored. In one of four of the explored groins, a positive LN was found. Combined FDG PET/CT‐SNB sensitivity was 94.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 81–99%) per groin. The false‐negative rate was 5.6% (95% CI 1–19%) per groin. In 15 patients (11.6%) there were 25 SNB‐related complications of Clavien–Dindo grades I–IIIa. The only Clavien–Dindo IIIa complication was an inguinal lymphocele treated by aspiration.ConclusionIn this study, we present a favourable SNB false‐negative rate of 5.6% in a national cohort of clinically LN‐negative patients with invasive PSCC with a pre‐SNB FDG PET/CT scan. The combination of FDG PET/CT and SNB seems to be a promising diagnostic approach. Even so, a false‐negative SNB was fatal in two of two cases and we are determined to continue the development of our SNB technique. The SNB‐related morbidity was limited.
Salt tectonics in an intracontinental transform setting: Cumberland and Sackville basins, southern New Brunswick, Canada
Authors: Craggs Simon , Keighley Dave , Waldron John W. F. , Park Adrian 
Published: July 2015

AbstractSalt tectonics have markedly influenced the rapid evolution of the Upper Palaeozoic Cumberland Basin of Atlantic Canada, including the ca. 5 km‐thick Mississippian – Pennsylvanian stratigraphic succession exposed along the UNESCO World Heritage coastline at Joggins, Nova Scotia. A diapiric salt wall is exposed in the Minudie Anticline to the north of the Joggins section on the Maringouin Peninsula of New Brunswick, which corresponds to the fault‐bounded northern margin of the Cumberland Basin. The salt wall is of Visean evaporites of the Windsor Gp that originally were buried by red‐beds of the Mabou Gp in the Serpukhovian, and later by fluvial and floodplain strata (Boss Point Fm, Cumberland Gp) in the Yeadonian (mid‐Bashkirian, Early Pennsylvanian). Folds and faults in the Boss Point and overlying basal Little River formations are truncated by an angular unconformity at the base of overlying red‐beds of the Grande Anse Fm. Re‐evaluation of the palynological data delimits the Grande Anse Fm as Langsettian, providing a tight constraint of less than 2 myr on the timing of deformation. Diversion of palaeoflows by the rising salt structure, noted in previous work on the upper Boss Point Fm, occurs to the north of the diapiric anticline. This is interpreted to signify the development of a mini‐basin on commencement of diapirism once a ~1.5 km‐thick succession of clastic strata had buried the salt. Faults and folds in the succession below the unconformity indicate an initial phase of dextral transpressive strike‐slip motion, which may have promoted halokinesis. Reverse faults indicate shortening associated with northward development and overturn of the Minudie Anticline during transpression; subsequent normal faulting was associated with collapse of the sediment pile and underlying salt structure.
Initial clinical experience with BRAFV600E mutation analysis of core‐needle biopsy specimens from thyroid nodules
Authors: Choi Sang Hyun , Baek Jung Hwan , Lee Jeong Hyun , Choi Young Jun , Ha Eun Ju , Song Dong Eun , Kim Jae Kyun , Chung Ki‐Wook , Kim Tae Yong , Kim Won Bae , Shong Young Kee 
Published: July 2015

SummaryObjectiveThe accurate diagnosis of thyroid nodules is important for making management decisions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of core‐needle biopsy with BRAFV600E mutation analysis (CNB + BRAFV600E) and to compare the clinical usefulness of CNB + BRAFV600E and fine‐needle aspiration with BRAFV600E mutation analysis (FNA + BRAFV600E) in the diagnosis of thyroid malignancy.Design, patients and measurementsThe results of BRAFV600E mutation analyses of 820 nodules from 820 patients (153 men, 667 women; mean age, 51·1 years), who underwent CNB + BRAFV600E (n = 256) or FNA + BRAFV600E (n = 564) between January 2011 and March 2012 were retrospectively evaluated. The feasibility of CNB + BRAFV600E was assessed by comparing its rate of detection of BRAFV600E mutations and positive predictive value with those of FNA + BRAFV600E. The clinical usefulness of CNB + BRAFV600E was determined by comparing rates of inconclusive results, the additional value of BRAFV600E mutation analysis, diagnostic surgery and diagnostic performance with those of FNA + BRAFV600E.ResultsCNB + BRAFV600E and FNA + BRAFV600E had similar rates of BRAFV600E mutation detection (66·3% vs 64·4%, P = 0·883) and positive predictive value (100·0% vs 96·6%, P = 0·135). CNB + BRAFV600E had a significantly higher diagnostic accuracy rate (95·7% vs 85·9%, P < 0·001), and significantly lower rates of inconclusive results (8·2% vs 51·8%, P < 0·001), and diagnostic surgery (8·9% vs 22·3%, P = 0·006), than FNA + BRAFV600E.ConclusionsThe greater diagnostic performance of CNB + BRAFV600E and its lower rate of inconclusive results than FNA + BRAFV600E suggest that CNB + BRAFV600E can reduce rates of preventable diagnostic surgery.
Spatial, socio‐economic, and ecological implications of incorporating minimum size constraints in marine protected area network design
Authors: Metcalfe Kristian , Vaughan Gregory , Vaz Sandrine , Smith Robert J. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractMarine protected areas (MPAs) are the cornerstone of most marine conservation strategies, but the effectiveness of each one partly depends on its size and distance to other MPAs in a network. Despite this, current recommendations on ideal MPA size and spacing vary widely, and data are lacking on how these constraints might influence the overall spatial characteristics, socio‐economic impacts, and connectivity of the resultant MPA networks. To address this problem, we tested the impact of applying different MPA size constraints in English waters. We used the Marxan spatial prioritization software to identify a network of MPAs that met conservation feature targets, whilst minimizing impacts on fisheries; modified the Marxan outputs with the MinPatch software to ensure each MPA met a minimum size; and used existing data on the dispersal distances of a range of species found in English waters to investigate the likely impacts of such spatial constraints on the region's biodiversity. Increasing MPA size had little effect on total network area or the location of priority areas, but as MPA size increased, fishing opportunity cost to stakeholders increased. In addition, as MPA size increased, the number of closely connected sets of MPAs in networks and the average distance between neighboring MPAs decreased, which consequently increased the proportion of the planning region that was isolated from all MPAs. These results suggest networks containing large MPAs would be more viable for the majority of the region's species that have small dispersal distances, but dispersal between MPA sets and spill‐over of individuals into unprotected areas would be reduced. These findings highlight the importance of testing the impact of applying different MPA size constraints because there are clear trade‐offs that result from the interaction of size, number, and distribution of MPAs in a network.