bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling and Control of Multi-Functional DVR Supported from Wind Energy System
Authors: Bajpai Ram S. , Gupta Rajesh 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) is a custom power device used for voltage compensation of sensitive loads against voltage disturbances in power distribution lines. However the DVR spend most of its time in standby mode, since voltage sags occur very infrequently, and hence their utilization is low. In principle, it would be advantageous if the series connected converter based DVR could also be used to compensate for any steady state load voltage harmonics and power flow control in the line. This paper proposes a phase angle regulator which compensates the load voltage during sag with minimum distortions and also controls the flow of power in line when there is no disturbance in the feeder, through a phase adjustment technique. The compensation process is accompanied by an exchange of power between the DVR supported from wind energy conversion system and the grid. Controller works according to progressive phase advance strategy to correct voltage sag as well as power sharing between the DVR and the network as per available power from the wind. In this paper, different control strategies of dynamic voltage restorer are analyzed with emphasis put on the compensation of voltage sag and power flow control. The proposed control performance of the multi-functional DVR is verified through the PSCAD/EMTDC simulation studies.
Active, Reactive and Harmonic compensation control of grid interfaced fuel cell system
Authors: Mehta Gitanjali , Singh S. P. , Patidar Ram Dayal 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
This paper presents the modelling and control of grid interfaced fuel cell distributed generation system with embedded active filter function. The features of active power filter have been incorporated in the control circuit of the current controlled-voltage source inverter interfacing the fuel cell to the grid. Thus the same inverter is utilised to inject power generated from fuel cell source to the grid and to act as shunt active power filter to compensate for load current harmonics, load reactive power demand and load current imbalance. Thus, after compensation, the grid current is sinusoidal and in-phase with grid voltage. Simulation in MATAB and experimentation using DSP is carried out to verify the operation and the control principle. The results are obtained for different operating conditions with varying load demands to prove the effectiveness of the entire system.
Seasonal variation in floating persistence of detached Durvillaea antarctica (Chamisso) Hariot thalli
Authors: Graiff Angelika , Karsten Ulf , Meyer Steffi , Pfender David , Tala Fadia , Thiel Martin 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Several large kelp species are capable of long-distance dispersal via rafting. However, seasonal changes in environmental conditions at the sea surface may variably affect the physiological status of the floating thalli; challenging conditions during summer may accelerate disintegration and cause rapid sinking. We used the bull kelp Durvillaea antarctica from northern-central Chile (30°S) to test seasonal variation in floating persistence. Experiments with tethered specimens were conducted in all seasons to assess how variable environmental conditions influence the morphology and photosynthetic characteristics of floating D. antarctica. Floating specimens stayed afloat at the surface for more than 1 month during moderate environmental conditions that prevailed in winter, spring, and fall. However, higher water temperatures and intense solar radiation in summer resulted in significant biomass losses and rapid disintegration of the floating kelps; consequently, they sank within <1 month. These strong seasonal effects were reflected in decreasing maximal quantum yield as well as in maximum relative electron transport rates of photosynthesis. Understanding physiological responses of floating algae is important because increasing global temperatures and shifts in solar radiation may strongly affect the survival of floating algae, potentially reducing the distances and frequencies of rafting dispersal.
Target analyte quantification by isotope dilution LC-MS/MS directly referring to internal standard concentrations – validation for serum cortisol measurement
Authors: Maier Barbara , Vogeser Michael 
Published: October 2012

Abstract

Background: Isotope dilution LC-MS/MS methods used in the clinical laboratory typically involve multi-point external calibration in each analytical series. Our aim was to test the hypothesis that determination of target analyte concentrations directly derived from the relation of the target analyte peak area to the peak area of a corresponding stable isotope labelled internal standard compound [direct isotope dilution analysis (DIDA)] may be not inferior to conventional external calibration with respect to accuracy and reproducibility.

Methods: Quality control samples and human serum pools were analysed in a comparative validation protocol for cortisol as an exemplary analyte by LC-MS/MS. Accuracy and reproducibility were compared between quantification either involving a six-point external calibration function, or a result calculation merely based on peak area ratios of unlabelled and labelled analyte.

Results: Both quantification approaches resulted in similar accuracy and reproducibility.

Conclusions: For specified analytes, reliable analyte quantification directly derived from the ratio of peak areas of labelled and unlabelled analyte without the need for a time consuming multi-point calibration series is possible. This DIDA approach is of considerable practical importance for the application of LC-MS/MS in the clinical laboratory where short turnaround times often have high priority.
Composition and antifungal activity of balsam from Liquidambar formosana Hance
Authors: Chien Shih-Chang , Xiao Jun-Hong , Tseng Yen-Hsueh , Kuo Yueh-Hsiung , Wang Sheng-Yang 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Formosan sweet gum (Liquidambar formosana Hance) is a tree species endemic in Taiwan. In this study, the composition of balsam from L. formosana has been determined by several chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. Among the 26 compounds identified, three new triterpenoids were detected, namely, 2α,3α-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-al (1), 3α-hydroxyolean-12-en-30-ol (2), and 3α-hydroxyolean-2-oxo-12-en-28-al (3). The most abundant volatile compounds were β-caryophyllene (22.7%), α-pinene (23.3%), and β-pinene (19.6%), and the most abundant nonvolatile compounds were 3α,25-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid (12, 19.1%), oleanonic aldehyde (9, 14.0%), and betulonic acid (15, 13.4%). The compounds 3α,25-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid and bornyl cinnamate were found to be inhibitory for white rot (Lenzites betulina) and brown rot (Laetiporus sulphureus) fungi.
Three-dimensional transient analysis of functionally graded cylindrical shells subjected to asymmetric dynamic pressure
Authors: Tahani Masoud , Setoodeh Ali Reza , Selahi Ehsan 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis paper presents an efficient and accurate numerical method based on the three-dimensional (3-D) elasticity theory for the transient analysis of functionally graded (FG) hollow cylindrical shells subjected to asymmetric dynamic pressure. The Fourier expansion is employed to describe the displacement components and dynamic pressure in the tangential direction. In addition, the layerwise theory is used to accurately account for the displacement components in the radial direction. The equations of motion and the related boundary conditions are derived using Hamilton’s principle. Then, differential quadrature method (DQM) is implemented to discretize the resulting equations in the both spatial and time domains. The convergence, accuracy and performance of the present method are established through the convergence study and comparison with available results in the literature. Also, the effects of different parameters such as thickness-to-inner radius ratio and boundary conditions on the dynamic behavior of hollow FG cylinders are investigated. The present method can accurately predict transient displacement and stress with less computational efforts.
The encyclopedia in Umberto Eco's semiotics
Authors: Desogus, Paolo 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
In Umberto Eco's semiotics, the encyclopedia is a multidimensional space of semiosis. It is a complex system of shared knowledge that governs the production and interpretation of signs inside communicative contexts. Every semiotic act involves the elements that form the encyclopedia.
By means of several examples and comparisons with different semiotic theories, my paper aims to show how semiosis is governed by semantic categorizations, pragmatic rules, and narrative frames that the encyclopedia articulates and makes operative for interpreters and producers of signs.
Semiotic value in advertisements in Silesian Catholic periodicals from the second half of the nineteenth to early twentieth centuries
Authors: Haładewicz-Grzelak, Małgorzata , Lubos-Kozieł, Joanna 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The paper studies semiotic values in advertisements appearing in German Catholic periodicals in Silesia in the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The study is grounded in the Tartu School of Semiotics and shows shifts and hierarchies in the semiotic valuations of particular commodities. Collected advertisements were classified into four main groups: (1) books, (2) church art, (3) church and devotional accessories, (4) everyday life commodities. We motivate the claim that the group (2) of the advertisements in the Catholic press we analyzed was the driver for the introduction of the remaining two categories of ads, hence the study of this group is pivotal for our analysis. The parameters of center, periphery, and “border,” as between the sacred and the profane are also taken into account, within the structural interrelation of Sr (religious system) (cf. Zaliźniak et al. 1975 [1962]) and Sc (commercial code). Assuming the usefulness of explanatory mechanisms, in conclusion a heuristic interpretation is provided in terms of the relations of semiotic primes.
Icons of novel thought: A new perspective on Peirce's definition of metaphor (CP 2.277)
Authors: Lattmann, Claas 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
This paper tries to elucidate Peirce's notoriously obscure definition of metaphor (CP 2.277) in the context of his general theory of signs. It is argued that Peirce defined metaphor not as a proposition, but as a genuinely original iconic (meta-)sign that represents a novel sign relation and, hence, novel thought. The adequacy of this approach is discussed against the background of rival theories of metaphor. This shows, inter alia, 1) that metaphors can and must be interpreted like ordinary signs (which in particular allows for paraphrases); 2) how they get conventional and how they can be revived; and 3) that they are intrinsically independent of linguistic levels (e.g., words) and media (e.g., natural language). Peirce's theory thus turns out to be a reasonable explanation of a central semiotic phenomenon and, hence, promises to serve as a powerful tool for modern literary and cultural studies.
Le chronotope littéraire de l'étranger
Authors: Baroni, Raphaël 
Published: October 2012

Résumé
Cet article traite de la question des rapports entre la dynamique de l'intrigue et la représentation de l'étranger dans sa dimension temporelle. A la suite de Bakhtine, il s'agira de montrer que le récit littéraire produit un “chronotope” dans lequel la représentation s'abaisse “au niveau d'une réalité actuelle, fluide et inachevée” (1978 : 472). On défendra l'idée que, loin de n'être qu'un dispositif commercial aliénant le lecteur, la tension narrative, qui représente la part dynamique de l'intrigue littéraire, produit un espace temporel orienté permettant le déploiement de l'étranger. Cette réflexion visera par ailleurs à entamer un dialogue interdisciplinaire entre, d'une part, la poétique de l'intrigue telle que l'articule la narratologie contemporaine et, d'autre part, une réflexion philosophique visant la description phénoménologique de l'étranger.
Peirce and the logic of image
Authors: Pietarinen, Ahti-Veikko 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Peirce divided hypoicons into images, diagrams, and metaphors. For diagrams, he developed a logical theory of graphs: many-dimensional linguistic expressions analyzing meaning by virtue of iconicity of logical form. He neglected the logic of images as well as metaphors, however. Metaphors relate to non-standard meanings that combine complex diagrammatic representations. Images are elementary constituents of qualitative space. I will argue that the interpretation of images corresponds to the interpretation of non-logical vocabularies. This raises the question of whether images are also linguistic, in other words whether the simple qualities they partake of are the simple qualities of some propositional content. I will argue that Peirce favored a picture theory of language that takes images to interpret elementary characters of objects that constitute propositions. He did not ascribe images with properties of propositions, as that would have rendered them non-hypoiconic signs.
Acylated ghrelin as a provocative test for the diagnosis of GH deficiency in adults
Authors: Gasco Valentina , Beccuti Guglielmo , Baldini Chiara , Prencipe Nunzia , Di Giacomo Stellina , Berton Alessandro , Guaraldi Federica , Tabaro Isabella , Maccario Mauro , Ghigo Ezio , Grottoli Silvia 
Published: October 2012

ObjectiveInsulin tolerance test (ITT) is the test of reference for the diagnosis of adult GH deficiency (GHD), although GHRH in combination with arginine (ARG) or GH secretagogues are considered equally reliable tests. Testing with GH secretagogue alone is, anyway, a potent stimulus exploring the integrity of hypothalamic pathways controlling somatotropic function. We therefore aimed to determine the diagnostic reliability of testing with ghrelin, the natural GH secretagogue.MethodsWe studied the GH response (every 15 min from −15 to +120 min) to acylated ghrelin (1 μg/kg i.v. at 0 min) in 78 patients with a history of pituitary disease (49 male, 29 female; age (mean±s.d.): 52.1±18.7 years; BMI: 26.7±5.3 kg/m2). The lack of GH response to GHRH+ARG and/or ITT was considered the gold standard for the diagnosis of GHD. The best GH cut-off to ghrelin test, defined as the one with the best sensitivity (SE) and specificity (SP), was identified using the receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis.ResultsThe best GH cut-off to ghrelin test was 7.3 μg/l in lean subjects (SE 88.2%, SP 90.9%), 2.9 μg/l in overweight subjects (SE 92.6%, SP 100%) and 0.6 μg/l in obese subjects (SE 50%, SP 100%). The diagnostic accuracy was 89.3, 94.1 and 62.5% respectively.ConclusionsOur data show that testing with acylated ghrelin represents a reliable diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of adult GHD, in lean and overweight subjects, if appropriate cut-off limits are assumed. Obesity strongly reduces GH response to ghrelin, GH weight-related cut-off limit and diagnostic reliability of the test.
The Impact of Congenital Cardiovascular Malformations on the Assessment and Surgical Management of Infants with Cleft Lip and/or Palate
Authors: Harry Brian L. , Tebockhorst Seth , Deleyiannis Frederic W.-B. 
Published: October 2012

Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the cardiac evaluation of cleft lip and/or palate patients, characterize their cardiovascular malformations, and determine the impact of cardiovascular malformations on surgical management. Design A single-institution retrospective study of 329 consecutive cleft patients was performed. Cardiovascular malformations were categorized according to involvement of cardiac septa, vasculature, and valves. Their impact on the need for cardiac surgery, timing of cleft repair, need for subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE) prophylaxis, and the perioperative experience was evaluated. Results Ten percent (33/329) of cleft patients had a cardiovascular malformation, and 3% underwent cardiac surgery prior to cleft repair. Malformations of the septa, vasculature, and valves were present in 9%, 6%, and 2% of cleft infants, respectively. Murmur as a sign of structural cardiovascular disease was 79% sensitive and 97% specific. Cleft palate repair was delayed by 2 months in patients with a cardiovascular malformation ( P = .001). Subacute bacterial endocarditis prophylaxis was recommended, not recommended, or not specified by cardiology in 18%, 33%, and 48% of cleft patients with a cardiovascular malformation, respectively. Postoperative stay and surgical complications were not associated with cardiovascular malformation. Conclusions Even in the absence of a murmur, echocardiographic screening should be considered in infants with nonspecific signs of cardiovascular disease. Greater awareness of the guidelines for SBE prophylaxis is needed. Most cleft patients with a cardiovascular malformation do not require cardiac surgery and do not experience an increased rate of complications associated with cleft surgery.
Repeated Job Strain and the Risk of Depression: Longitudinal Analyses From the Whitehall II Study
Authors: Stansfeld Stephen A. , Shipley Martin J. , Head Jenny , Fuhrer Rebecca 
Published: October 2012

Objectives. We addressed whether repeated job strain and low work social support increase the risk of major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods. We used work characteristics from Karasek’s Job Strain model, measured on 3 occasions over 10 years in a cohort of 7732 British civil servants, to predict subsequent onset of MDD with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Results. Repeated job strain was associated with increased risk of MDD (odds ratio [OR] = 2.19; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.48, 3.26; high job strain on 2 of 3 occasions vs none) in a fully adjusted model. Repeated low work social support was associated with MDD (OR = 1.61; 95% CI = 1.10, 2.37; low work social support on 2 of 3 occasions vs none). Repeated job strain remained associated with MDD after adjustment for earlier psychological distress. Conclusions. Demonstration of an increased association for repeated job strain adds to the evidence that job strain is a risk factor for depression. Recognition and alleviation of job strain through work reorganization and staff training could reduce depression in employees.
Parental Characteristics Associated With Bullying Perpetration in US Children Aged 10 to 17 Years
Authors: Shetgiri Rashmi , Lin Hua , Avila Rosa M. , Flores Glenn 
Published: October 2012

Objectives. We identified factors associated with child bullying in the United States. Methods. We used the 2007 National Survey of Children’s Health to examine associations among child, parent, and community factors and bullying perpetration among children aged 10 to 17 years, using bivariate and stepwise multivariable analyses. Results. African American and Latino children and children living in poverty and who had emotional, developmental, or behavioral (EDB) problems had higher odds of bullying, as did children of parents who felt angry with their child or who felt their child bothered them a lot or was hard to care for; suboptimal maternal mental health was associated with higher bullying odds. Children who always or usually completed homework and had parents who talked with them and met all or most of their friends had lower bullying odds. Conclusions. Assessing children’s EDB problems, maternal mental health, and parental perceptions may identify children at risk for bullying. Parent–child communication, meeting children’s friends, and encouraging children academically were associated with lower bullying odds; these protective factors may be useful in designing preventive interventions.
Text4baby: Development and Implementation of a National Text Messaging Health Information Service
Authors: Whittaker Robyn , Matoff-Stepp Sabrina , Meehan Judy , Kendrick Juliette , Jordan Elizabeth , Stange Paul , Cash Amanda , Meyer Paul , Baitty Julie , Johnson Pamela , Ratzan Scott , Rhee Kyu 
Published: October 2012

Text4baby is the first free national health text messaging service in the United States that aims to provide timely information to pregnant women and new mothers to help them improve their health and the health of their babies. Here we describe the development of the text messages and the large public–private partnership that led to the national launch of the service in 2010. Promotion at the local, state, and national levels produced rapid uptake across the United States. More than 320 000 people enrolled with text4baby between February 2010 and March 2012. Further evaluations of the effectiveness of the service are ongoing; however, important lessons can be learned from its development and uptake.
Estimating the Burden of Maternal and Neonatal Deaths Associated With Jaundice in Bangladesh: Possible Role of Hepatitis E Infection
Authors: Gurley Emily S. , Halder Amal K. , Streatfield Peter K. , Sazzad Hossain M.S. , Nurul Huda Tarique M. , Hossain M. Jahangir , Luby Stephen P. 
Published: October 2012

Objectives. We estimated the population-based incidence of maternal and neonatal mortality associated with hepatitis E virus (HEV) in Bangladesh. Methods. We analyzed verbal autopsy data from 4 population-based studies in Bangladesh to calculate the maternal and neonatal mortality ratios associated with jaundice during pregnancy. We then reviewed the published literature to estimate the proportion of maternal deaths associated with liver disease during pregnancy that were the result of HEV in hospitals. Results. We found that 19% to 25% of all maternal deaths and 7% to 13% of all neonatal deaths in Bangladesh were associated with jaundice in pregnant women. In the published literature, 58% of deaths in pregnant women with acute liver disease in hospitals were associated with HEV. Conclusions. Jaundice is frequently associated with maternal and neonatal deaths in Bangladesh, and the published literature suggests that HEV may cause many of these deaths. HEV is preventable, and studies to estimate the burden of HEV in endemic countries are urgently needed.
Restoring Balance: A Consensus Statement on the Protection of Vulnerable Research Participants
Authors: DuBois James M. , Beskow Laura , Campbell Jean , Dugosh Karen , Festinger David , Hartz Sarah , James Rosalina , Lidz Charles 
Published: October 2012

A diverse panel convened in June 2011 to explore a dilemma in human research: some traits may make individuals or communities particularly vulnerable to a variety of harms in research; however, well-intended efforts to protect these vulnerable individuals and communities from harm may actually generate a series of new harms.We have presented a consensus statement forged by the panel through discussion during a 2-day meeting and the article-writing process.We have identified practical problems that sometimes arise in connection with providing additional safeguards for groups labeled as vulnerable and offered recommendations on how we might better balance concerns for protection with concerns for justice and participant autonomy.