bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orthodontic treatment of dogs on the basis of modern knowledge and own experience
Authors: Polkowska Izabela , Gołyńska Magdalena , Sobczyńska-Rak Aleksandra , Putowska Katarzyna , Matthews-Brzozowska Teresa , Szyszkowska Anna , Gołyński Marcin , Chełmiński Artur , Capik Igor 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The aim of the study was to demonstrate the orthodontic treatment of malocclusions in dogs, a condition which can lead to cranio-mandibular and functional disorders of the stomatognathic system. The treatment involved the use of maxillofacialorthopaedic appliances, which type depended on the type of disorder and the degree of malocclusion. The applied treatment induced changes in the alveolar bone. Throughout the process of the treatment a great attention was paid to regular brushing off the orthodontic appliance using antiseptics for prophylactic prevention of inflammation of gingival tissue and the palate caused by food getting stuck in the spaces between the teeth.
Injuries in Professional Male Soccer Players in the Netherlands: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Stubbe Janine H. , van Beijsterveldt Anne-Marie M. C. , van der Knaap Sissi , Stege Jasper , Verhagen Evert A. , van Mechelen Willem , Backx Frank J. G. 
Published: December 2014

Context:
Injuries are a major adverse event in a soccer player's career. Reducing injury incidence requires a thorough knowledge of the epidemiology of soccer injuries.

Objective:
To investigate the incidence and characteristics of injuries in the Dutch premier soccer league.

Design:
Cohort study.

Setting:
The Dutch premier soccer league.

Patients or Other Participants:
During the 2009–2010 soccer season, a total of 217 professional soccer players from 8 teams were prospectively followed.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
The medical staff recorded time-loss injuries, including information on injuries (ie, type, body part, duration) and exposure data for training sessions and matches.

Results:
A total of 286 injuries were recorded, affecting 62.7% of the players. The overall injury incidence was 6.2 injuries per 1000 player-hours, 2.8 in training sessions and 32.8 in matches. Most of the recorded injuries were acute (68.5%). Eight percent of the injuries were classified as recurrent. Injuries were most likely to be located in the lower extremities (82.9%). Injury time loss ranged from 1 to 752 days, with a median of 8 days. Knee injuries had the greatest consequences in terms of days of absence from soccer play (on average, 45 days). The most common diagnosis was muscle/tendon injury of the lower extremities (32.9%).

Conclusions:
Injury risk in the Dutch premier soccer league is high, especially during matches. Preventive measures should focus on the most common diagnoses, namely, muscle/tendon injuries of the lower extremities.
Cyclical constipation
Authors: Adarsh C. K. , Sheth Keyur A. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIntestinal endometriosis is a rare disease. It can have a varied presentation. It is difficult to differentiate it from malignancy by clinical, endoscopic or imaging features. We present a 35-year-old nulliparous married lady, who presented to us with constipation, painful defecation and bled per rectum for last 3 years. She was diagnosed to have endometriosis with gold standard laparoscopy and managed with medical line of therapy.
A modification of rendezvous technique for endoscopically treating transected common bile duct following cholecystectomy
Authors: Sharma Vishal , Prasada K. V. Raghavendra , Rana Surinder S. , Arun A. C. , Lal Anupam , Gupta Rajesh , Bhasin Deepak K. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractEndoscopic therapy is the standard of care for management of most benign biliary strictures. However, endoscopic therapy can fail in very tight strictures. We report a case of a 52-year-old lady who had complete bile duct transection with stricture after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. In initial attempt, at endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), guidewire could not be negotiated endoscopically across the narrowing as there was complete cut off of the bile duct and so a percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) was done and subsequently internalized into the duodenum. We cannulated the internalized end of PTBD catheter with the standard ERCP cannula with guidewire and advanced it across the biliary stricture. PTBD catheter was withdrawn externally, and the guidewire was left in the left ductal system. We report this innovation as this may be helpful in managing patients with ERCP after an initial PTBD has been successfully internalized into the duodenum.
The Magic of Storytelling: How Curiosity and Aesthetic Preferences Work
Authors: Bianchi Marina 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Why do we love stories? That this is not an idle question is shown by the fact that we spend an enormous amount of time in our lives following stories: telling and listening to them; reading them; watching them on television or in films or on stage. Despite their recurrent similarity and even predictability, we continue to enjoy them. The paper brings to bear on this question two different strands of current literature in experimental psychology: the literature on aesthetic preferences, and the literature on curiosity and interest. The paper discusses how, in the case of storytelling in particular, though also of creative activities in general, there are two types of curiosity at work: explorative curiosity – associated with investigating new ideas for the simple joy of it and regardless of source – and specific curiosity, corresponding to focused exploration and aimed at solving problems for which the accuracy and relevance of information is of importance. In both cases curiosity is felt as an intensely pleasant experience, which is affected not only by external, but also by the internal stimuli of novelty and challenge. But how does interest/curiosity solidify into preferences that have stability enough to guarantee guidance yet sufficient flexibility to allow for change? The answer explored here highlights the distinction between comfort goods and activities and creative goods and activities. The latter, which allow for complexity, variety and multiplicity of dimensions have a transformative power that allows also for sustained stimulation and interest. The broader aim is to analyze the “behavior” of individual preferences – how they form, how they stabilize, how they change – in the consumption not only of art, the usual focus in discussion of aesthetic preferences, but also of all those goods and activities that can be called creative.
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF A POLYURETHANE/MONTMORILLONITE NANOCOMPOSITE FEATURING ORGANOMODIFICATION SYNTHESIZED VIA IN SITU POLYMERIZATION
Authors: Bagheri Rouhollah , Darvishi Reza 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACT
In this study, polyurethane (PU)/organomodified montmorillonite (cloisite®30B) is synthesized via in situ polymerization by reaction of an ether-based prepolymer with the isocyanate end groups and adiamine chain extender (4, 4-methylene-bis(2-chloroaniline)) in the presence of different amounts of nanoparticles dispersed in the prepolymer matrix by an ultrasonic mixer for 1 h. The synthesized polymers are cast on a pretreated carbon steel sheet and cured at 120 °C in an oven. The PU and its composites have been characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and mechanical testing. The XRD analysis of the cured samples containing 1 to 3 wt% cloisite30B showed intercalation segments in the silicate layers and exfoliation for 0.5 wt% nanoparticles. The highest mechanical properties were obtained using the cured exfoliated silicate layer sample. A twofold increase in the ultimate tensile strength and a 2.3 times increase in the adhesion strength were found for 0.5 wt% organoclay/PU as compared with that of pure PU. In addition, the exfoliated structure sample exhibited a 16% reduction in abrasion compared with that of pure PU.
End User Privacy and Policy-Based Networking
Authors: Paterson Nancy E. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Are privacy concerns over end user surveillance by network operators such as AT&T and Verizon, and by “edge providers” such as Google and Amazon, being dangerously overshadowed by the predominant emphasis on government surveillance? Quite possibly so, Professor Paterson concludes, after reviewing currently-used packet analysis technologies and their advertised capabilities. Paterson concludes that the problem faced by privacy and public interest advocates is that no one has a truly comprehensive grasp of how widely network operators have deployed such tools, what information is collected, or how it is put to use. Paterson asserts that the potential risks call for additional vigorous research in this area.
European Union Media Policy and Independent Regulatory Authorities: A New Tool to Protect European Media Pluralism?
Authors: Llorens Carles , Costache Andreea Madalina 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Can a uniform policy for media pluralism be adopted across the 28 Member States of the European Union through the involvement of independent regulatory authorities? According to the authors, the chances remain remote due to political and stakeholder opposition grounded in diverse structural, cultural, political, and economic interests. Based on a review of key documents from diverse sources, and case studies in Hungary and Italy, it appears that the goal of an EU-wide collaborative network of financially and politically independent audiovisual regulatory authorities, with common standards, faces significant challenges. However, the authors see hope in the increased debate on the topic, and suggest that some movement in that direction may yet be possible.
Pitfalls and Obstacles of Media Policymaking in an Age of Digital Convergence: The Flemish Signal Integrity Case
Authors: Van den Bulck Hilde , Donders Karen 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Technological convergence is remaking and even erasing the borders between industries once considered separate, and is forcing policymakers to evolve new regulatory frameworks for a rapidly changing industrial environment. Using the advocacy coalition framework, the authors investigate a struggle by Flemish broadcasters against video distributors to protect the integrity of their broadcast signals. The authors argue that the case may be an indicator of the struggles to come as the television space struggles with convergence, with implications for the European Union and other regions.
e-Democracy: Exploring the Current Stage of e-Government
Authors: van der Meer Toni G.L.A. , Gelders Dave , Rotthier Sabine 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Governments around the world have been pressured to implement e-Government programs in order to improve the government-citizen dialogue. The authors of this article review prior literature on such efforts to find if they lead to increased democratic participation (“e-Democracy”) for the affected citizens, with a focus on the key concepts of transparency, openness, and engagement. The authors find that such efforts are a starting point toward e-Democracy, but the journey is far from complete.
Philosophy as Self-Transformation: Shusterman's Somaesthetics and Dependent Bodies
Authors: Welsh Talia 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACT
This article takes up Richard Shusterman's somaesthetics as a way in which philosophy can be prescriptive about everyday embodiment. Popular self-help literature also promotes directed self-mastery, but it is often beholden to unquestioned norms and dualist ideas about the mind dominating the body. Somaesthetics encourages bodily self-mastery without dualism or social obedience. This article argues that in directed bodily self-transformation, such as somaesthetic discipline, one discovers one's vulnerability and dependency as much as one's strength. In conclusion, this article notes that human weakness and dependency circumscribe the reach of Shusterman's original idea of somaesthetics as always promoting individual flourishing. Instead, careful attention to embodiment leads to a realization of weakness. Somaesthetic practices are ways not simply to better lives but also to destabilize them.
Transgression, Plurality, and the Romance of Philosophy
Authors: Morgan Marcia 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACT
In this article I seek to underscore the ethical obligations of transgression and dissensus internal to our discursive practices, with the aim of facilitating plurality and renewing the romantic philosophic engagement with ethical subjectivity in the tradition of Kantian aesthetics. My investigation is motivated by a return to Adorno and the nonidentical, but in a way that considers new developments in an aesthetic framework of discourse-theoretic ethics. The relationship of Kantian judgment to the nonidentical stands at the foreground of recent aesthetic iterations that open up or heighten our discursive obligation toward “the otherness of the other,” the uniqueness of the human being, and the need for radical politics. I conclude by investigating the critical value of the concept of critique, which stands at the heart of Kantian judgment. The aim of my article is to emphasize the significance of the interrelationship among plurality, transgression, and critique and to reawaken the need for praxis through the tension internal to a sensus communis enlivened by both consensus and dissent.
Thrombin generation and rotational thromboelastometry in the healthy adult population
Authors: Schneider T. , Siegemund T. , Siegemund R. , Petros S. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryPublished data on thrombin generation variables and their correlation with thrombo - elastometry in the healthy population are scarce. This study aimed at assessing thrombin generation in adults and its correlation to classical rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM).Thrombin generation was measured in platelet-poor plasma from healthy volunteers using the calibrated automated thrombogram (CAT) with 1 and 5 pmol/l tissue factor final concentration. Lag time, thrombin peak, time to thrombin peak and endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) were analyzed. ROTEM was performed without activator (NATEM) and data for clotting time, alpha angle, clot formation time and maximum clot firmness were correlated with those of thrombin generation.Altogether 132 persons (72 men, 60 women; median age: 48.0 years) were included. There was a positive non-linear correlation for age versus lag time (p < 0.001) and time to peak (p = 0.001), and almost linear correlation for age versus thrombin peak (p = 0.024) and ETP (p = 0.001), although with a moderate regression slope. Regarding ROTEM, there was a positive correlation between age and maximum clot firmness and alpha angle (p = 0.001), but a negative correlation between age and clotting time (p = 0.039). Comparing both assays, thrombin peak and ETP measured with a final tissue factor concentration of 5 pmol/l correlated significantly with alpha angle and maximum clot firmness.The age-related changes in CAT and ROTEM variables among adults are not linear. There is a significant correlation, although with a moderate slope, between data from CAT measured with 5 pmol/l tissue factor and ROTEM.
Causaal verband in whiplashzaken: een beschouwing vanuit juridisch en medisch perspectief
Authors: Oskam P. , Reitsma A.M. 
Published: December 2014

Causaal verband in whiplashzaken: een beschouwing vanuit juridisch en medisch perspectief
In deze bijdrage wordt de recente rechtspraak in whiplashzaken besproken. De huidige lijn in de rechtspraak wordt vervolgens zowel vanuit juridisch als vanuit medisch perspectief belicht, waarbij onder meer aandacht wordt besteed aan de richtlijnen van de NVN en de behandelbaarheid van subjectieve gezondheidsklachten. De auteurs gaan onder meer in op de vragen of de huidige lijn in de rechtspraak wel een gewenste ontwikkeling is en of de rechter niet te veel zijn eigen (niet medische onderbouwde) weg gaat in whiplashzaken. De auteurs pleiten voor het aannemen van een beperkte looptijd in whiplashzaken.
Silver(I)‐Mediated CH Amination of 2‐Alkenylanilines: Unique Solvent‐Dependent Migratory Aptitude
Authors: Youn So Won , Ko Tae Yun , Jang Min Jung , Jang Su San 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA highly effective silver(I)‐mediated CH amination of 2‐alkenylanilines has been developed to afford a diverse range of substituted indoles. High functional group tolerance, broad substrate scope, simple/fast/high‐yielding reaction, and recovery/reuse of the inexpensive silver oxidant are noteworthy. Furthermore, an uncommon migratory process of β‐monosubstituted 2‐alkenylanilines with solvent‐dependence was demonstrated.magnified image
A Practical Way to Prepare Isobutyronitrile Amides through Reactions between Carboxylic Acids and Azobisisobutyronitrile
Authors: Rong Guangwei , Liu Defu , Yan Hong , Chen Jie , Zheng Yang , Zhang Guoqi , Mao Jincheng 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA practical and efficient synthesis of N‐isobutyronitrile amides has been achieved through the direct condensation of carboxylic acid and azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN). Carboxylic acids bearing variously substituted phenyl rings and cinnamic or phenylpropiolic acids were employed to furnish both tertiary and secondary isobutyronitrile amides in moderate to high yields. A radical pathway was proposed. The methodology presented here requires no catalysts and additives, and represents the first practical approach to a variety of valuable amides containing the isobutyronitrile structural unit.magnified image
Phase I/II trial of the combination of midostaurin (PKC412) and 5‐azacytidine for patients with acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Strati Paolo , Kantarjian Hagop , Ravandi Farhad , Nazha Aziz , Borthakur Gautam , Daver Naval , Kadia Tapan , Estrov Zeev , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Konopleva Marina , Rajkhowa Trivikram , Durand Menda , Andreeff Michael , Levis Mark , Cortes Jorge 
Published: December 2014

We investigated the combination of midostaurin and azacitidine (AZA) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and high risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Patients received AZA 75 mg m−2 on days 1–7 and midostaurin 25 mg bid (in cohort 1 of phase I) or 50 mg bid (in cohort 2 of Phase I and in Phase II) orally on day 8–21 during the first cycle and continuously thereafter. Fourteen patients were enrolled in the phase I and 40 in the phase II. Overall response rate was 26%. The median remission duration (RD) was 20 weeks and was significantly longer in patients with FLT3 mutations not previously exposed to other FLT3 inhibitors (P = 0.05) and in patients not previously transplanted (P = 0.01). Thirty‐two (59%) patients have died, all of complications related to disease progression. G3‐4 nonhematological toxicity was reported in 38 (70%) patients, most frequently infections (56%), ejection fraction reduction (11%), and diarrhea or nausea/vomiting (9% each). The combination of midostaurin and AZA is an effective and safe regimen in patients with AML and high‐risk MDS. Patients with FLT3 mutations but not previously exposed to other FLT3 inhibitors and patients not previously transplanted derived the greatest benefit. Further studies with this combination are warranted. Am. J. Hematol. 90:276–281, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Phenylthiocarbamide taste sensitivity is associated with sinonasal symptoms in healthy adults
Authors: Farquhar Douglas R. , Kovatch Kevin J. , Palmer James N. , Shofer Frances S. , Adappa Nithin D. , Cohen Noam A. 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundThe bitter taste receptor T2R38, expressed in the tongue and nasal epithelium, has been shown to trigger sinonasal innate immunity contributing to the prevention of gram‐negative upper airway bacterial infections. Common polymorphisms of the T2R38 gene, correlating with bitter taste sensitivity to phenylthiocarbamide (PTC), have been linked to differences in sinonasal innate immune response, with specific genotypes significantly more common in medically recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis patients. The purpose of this study was to examine this association between T2R38 function and sinonasal infection or symptoms in a healthy population.MethodsA survey of the frequency of sinus infections, as well as other nasal symptoms such as colds, allergies, and overall nasal quality of life (nQOL), was administered to healthy adult participants. nQOL was measured using a 0 to 3 scale of worsening symptoms. A PTC compound taste strip was administered with T2R38 taste sensitivity classified as extremely, somewhat, or not sensitive.ResultsAmong 217 participants (55% female, 70% Caucasian, 42% age 21 to 25 years), 30% did not detect bitterness (nontasters), 34% were moderate tasters, and 36% were “supertasters,” experiencing a strong, unpalatable bitterness. Supertasters were associated with less frequent sinus infections (p = 0.04), and PTC sensitivity was predictive of nasal symptoms: Supertasters had the best nQOL scores, followed by moderate tasters and nontasters (means: 0.65, 0.81, 1.00, respectively; p = 0.014 for trend). There were no significant associations with other variables.ConclusionThis study provides evidence that T2R38 functionality in the tongue correlates with nasal symptoms in healthy individuals.
Update on endoscopic endonasal resection of skull base meningiomas
Authors: Brunworth Joseph , Padhye Vikram , Bassiouni Ahmed , Psaltis Alkis , Floreani Stephen , Robinson Simon , Santoreneos Stephen , Vrodos Nick , Parker Andrew , Wickremesekera Agadha , Wormald Peter‐John 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundThe objective of this work was to report success rates as well as potential obstacles in transnasal endoscopic resection of anterior skull base meningiomas.MethodsThe study design was a case series with chart review at tertiary referral centers in South Australia and New Zealand. The patients were 37 consecutive patients who underwent endoscopic resection of skull‐base meningiomas between 2004 and 2013. Review of patient charts and operative details were performed. Outcomes including complications are reported.ResultsEighty‐four percent of patients were women. There were 28 primary and 9 revision cases. Tumor locations were as follows: 14 olfactory groove/subfrontal; 12 planum/jugum sphenoidale; 7 tuberculum sellae; 3 clinoidal; and 1 clival. Vision change was the most common presenting symptom. Mean tumor volume was 33.68 cm3, mean diameter was 2.78 cm. Average operating times decreased with an initial learning curve and then plateaued. Primary tumors larger than 60 cm3 took an average of 10 hours to resect. Gross total removal was achieved in 29 patients. There were no perioperative deaths. Two deaths occurred within 1 year of surgery. Postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks occurred in 13 patients. Seventy‐five percent of patients presenting with visual loss reported visual improvement. Of the 29 patients considered to have had complete resection at surgery, one was found to have residual disease on a postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and another one later developed radiological evidence of recurrence.ConclusionUsing a 2‐team approach, meningiomas of the skull base were successfully removed via an intranasal endoscopic technique. Although complete resection is typically possible even with large tumors, the lengthy resection required time for tumors larger than 60 cm3 (diameter ≥4 cm) may obviate some of the advantages of this approach. The rate of postoperative CSF leak decreases when a synthetic dural substitute is added but does not approach zero.