bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal Movement Patterns of Inconnu in an Arctic Estuary Delta Complex
Authors: Smith N. J. , Sutton T. M. , Savereide J. W. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Inconnu Stenodus leucichthys are a large, long-lived, piscivorous whitefish harvested in subsistence and sport fisheries in Alaska. In the Kotzebue region of northwestern Alaska, Inconnu are one of the most important food fishes, with 20,000+ fish being harvested each year. This study was conducted to describe the summer and winter distribution of Inconnu from the Hotham Inlet–Selawik Lake delta complex, Alaska, between 2010 and 2012. Data collection methods consisted of surgically implanting acoustic telemetry tags in 80 fish from both the Selawik and Kobuk rivers in 2010 and 2011 (n = 320 total) and deploying a fixed array of 20 acoustic receiving stations throughout Selawik Lake and Hotham Inlet. Tagged Inconnu detections revealed that individuals from the Selawik and Kobuk rivers displayed a high degree of spatial and temporal overlap while colocated in the Hotham Inlet–Selawik Lake complex during both sampling years. During the winter period, tagged fish from both rivers predominately occupied the northern end of Hotham Inlet. In the summer period, fish moved between the northern end of Hotham Inlet to Selawik Lake and the southern end of Hotham Inlet. Average daily displacements for Selawik and Kobuk River Inconnu ranged from 2,000–10,000 m/d. As well as providing a more complete account of Inconnu life history, these results provide useful data that can be used for developing future management strategies, such as the appropriateness of stock-specific harvest guidelines and spatial and temporal regulations.
Received January 12, 2015; accepted May 6, 2015
A Comparative Study of Screening Instruments and Biomarkers for the Detection of Cannabis Use
Authors: Meersseman Paulien , Vanhoutte Simon , Van Damme Joris , Maes Lea , Lemmens Gilbert , Heylens Gunter , Verstraete Alain G. 
Published: July 2015

Background The aim of this study was to compare the usefulness of 3 different screening instruments (questionnaires) for the detection of cannabis use (CU) with biological markers in blood and hair. Methods Ninety-four students were recruited in October 2013. Participants filled out the Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS), the CAGE-AID (“Cut down Annoyed Guilty Eye-opener”—Adapted to Include Drugs), and ProbCannabis-DT questionnaires concerning their possible CU. Blood and hair samples were taken and analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Logistic regression (Nagelkerke R2) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed. THCCOOH (Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinoic acid) plasma of ≥5 ng/mL and THC (Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol) hair concentrations of ≥0.1 and ≥0.02 ng/mg were used as the gold standard for CU. The questionnaire results were compared with different concentration ranges for THCCOOH in plasma (<5, 5–75, and >75 ng/mL, indicating the intensity of use) and THC in hair ( ≥0.02 ng/mg, ≥0.1 ng/mg). Results The Nagelkerke R2 for comparing the SDS, CAGE-AID, and ProbCannabis-DT with THCCOOH in plasma was 0.350, 0.489, and 0.335, respectively. The area under the ROC curve (95% confidence interval) was 0.772 (0.662–0.882), 0.797 (0.710–0.884), and 0.769 (0.669–0.870), respectively. Corresponding sensitivity/specificity were 70%/84%, 100%/59%, and 87%/67%, respectively. These values were similar to those compared to a 0.02 ng/mg THC cutoff in hair. Conclusions Moderate agreement was found between all questionnaires and biomarkers of CU. The CAGE-AID and probCannabis-DT questionnaires were very sensitive, but less specific. SDS was less sensitive, but more specific.
A Demonstration Project Implementing Extended-Release Naltrexone in Los Angeles County
Authors: Cousins Sarah J. , Denering Loretta , Crèvecoeur-MacPhail Desirée , Viernes John , Sugita Wayne , Barger James , Kim Tina , Weimann Stefanie , Rawson Richard A. 
Published: July 2015

Background Extended-released naltrexone (XR-NTX) is a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved medication associated with higher rates of abstinence, reduced cravings, and delayed relapse to use. However, there is a dearth of literature on real-world implementation of XR-NTX. The Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, in collaboration with UCLA Integrated Substance Abuse Programs, developed a demonstration project to inc'rease access to XR-NTX. This article describes that project, along with data on the expansion of XR-NTX service delivery and patient uptake. Methods A secondary descriptive data analysis of demographics, substance use history, current substance use behaviors, health-related variables, and dosing records was conducted on 609 patients who received XR-NTX from Los Angeles County substance use disorder (SUD) treatment facilities from April 2010 through July 2013. A geographic information system approach mapped the distribution of XR-NTX–referring agencies across Los Angeles County. Results Of the 609 records analyzed, a majority of patients (64%) obtained more than 1 dose of XR-NTX. Most XR-NTX patients reported alcohol use disorder (71.9%; n = 438). Compared with the general Los Angeles County substance use disorder patients, XR-NTX recipients reported more severe substance use histories. Finally, XR-NTX was accessed by providers in 6 of the 8 Service Planning Areas of Los Angeles County. Conclusions These findings reflect a higher XR-NTX cessation rate and a lower average number of doses, in contrast to similar demonstration projects in community settings with patients on parole or probation. However, this study shows that it is feasible to engage treatment providers in the use XR-NTX among their patients with alcohol or opioid use disorders. Several implications for future research and implementation are discussed.
Feasibility and Acceptability of An Audio Computer-Assisted Self-Interview Version of the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) in Primary Care Patients
Authors: Spear Suzanne E. , Shedlin Michele , Gilberti Brian , Fiellin Maya , McNeely Jennifer 
Published: July 2015

Background This study explores the feasibility and acceptability of a computer self-administered approach to substance use screening from the perspective of primary care patients. Methods Forty-eight patients from a large safety net hospital in New York City completed an audio computer-assisted self-interview (ACASI) version of the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) and a qualitative interview to assess feasibility and acceptability, comprehension, comfort with screening questions, and preferences for screening mode (interviewer or computer). Qualitative data analysis organized the participants’ feedback into major themes. Results Participants overwhelmingly reported being comfortable with the ACASI ASSIST. Mean administration time was 5.2 minutes (range: 1.6–14.8 minutes). The major themes from the qualitative interviews were (1) ACASI ASSIST is feasible and acceptable to patients, (2) Social stigma around substance use is a barrier to patient disclosure, and (3) ACASI screening should not preclude personal interaction with providers. Conclusions The ACASI ASSIST is an appropriate and feasible approach to substance use screening in primary care. Because of the highly sensitive nature of substance use, screening tools must explain the purpose of screening, assure patients that their privacy is protected, and inform patients of the opportunity to discuss their screening results with their provider.
Involvement of microRNA214 and transcriptional regulation in reductions in mevalonate pyrophosphate decarboxylase mRNA levels in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat livers
Authors: Michihara Akihiro , Ide Norie , Mizutani Yurika , Okamoto Manami , Uchida Maya , Matsuoka Hiroshi , Akasaki Kenji 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Hypocholesterolemia has been epidemiologically identified as one of the causes of stroke (cerebral hemorrhage). We previously reported that lower protein levels of mevalonate pyrophosphate decarboxylase (MPD), which is responsible for reducing serum cholesterol levels in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP), in the liver were caused by a reduction in mRNA levels. However, the mechanism responsible for reducing MPD expression levels in the SHRSP liver remains unclear. Thus, we compared microRNA (miR)-214 combined with the 3′-untranslated region of MPD mRNA and heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA) between SHRSP and normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY). miR-214 levels in the liver were markedly higher in SHRSP than in WKY, whereas hnRNA levels were significantly lower. These results indicate that the upregulation of miR-214 and downregulation of MPD transcription in the liver both play a role in the development of hypocholesterolemia in SHRSP.
Density Transition Based Self-Focusing of cosh-Gaussian Laser Beam in Plasma with Linear Absorption*
Authors: Kant Niti , Wani Manzoor Ahmad 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Density transition based self-focusing of cosh-Gaussian laser beam in plasma with linear absorption has been studied. The field distribution in the plasma is expressed in terms of beam width parameter, decentered parameter, and linear absorption coefficient. The differential equation for the beam width parameter is solved by following Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin (WKB) and paraxial approximation through parabolic wave equation approach. The behaviour of beam width parameter with dimensionless distance of propagation is studied at optimum values of plasma density, decentered parameter and with different absorption levels in the medium. The results reveal that these parameters can affect the self-focusing significantly.
Composition Dependence of Electrocaloric Effect in (1 − x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 −xPbTiO3 Single Crystals*
Authors: Qiu Jian-Hua , Wang Xiu-Qin , Yuan Ning-Yi , Ding Jian-Ning 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Composition dependence of electrocaloric effect is investigated in (1 − x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 − xPbTiO3 single crystals by using an eighth-order Landau–Devonshire theory. The applied electric field along [001] direction reduces the ferroelectric-ferroelectric phase transition temperatures, but increases the Curie temperatures. The electrocaloric coefficients of tetragonal phase are much larger than that of rhombohedral and monoclinic phase. A negative electrocaloric effect is observed near the MC–T phase transition in 0.69Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.31PbTiO3 single crystal. The application of a strong enough electric field results in a high adiabatic temperature change over a broad range of temperature. Therefore, it would be useful to construct a solid state cooling cycle over a broad temperature range for practical applications.
Nonlinearity of Quantum Mechanics and Solution of the Problem of Wave Function Collapse
Authors: Melkikh Alexey V. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The problem of the wave function collapse (a problem of measurement in quantum mechanics) is considered. It is shown that it can be solved based on quantum mechanics and does not require any additional assumptions or new theories. The particle creation and annihilation processes, which are described based on quantum field theory, play a key role in the measurement processes. Superposition principle is not valid for the system of equations of quantum field theory for particles and fields, because this system is a non-linear. As a result of the creation (annihilation) of a particle, an additional uncertainty arises, which “smears” the interference pattern. The imposition of such a large number of uncertainties in the repetitive measurements leads to the classical behavior of particles. The decoherence theory also implies the creation and annihilation of particles, and this processes are the consequence of non-linearity of quantum mechanics. In this case, the term “collapse of the wave function” becomes a consequence of the other statements of quantum mechanics instead of a separate postulate of quantum mechanics.
OJ287: Post-Newtonian Calculation in Harmonic Coordinate and Pulsar Timing Residual Confirmation*
Authors: Cheng Bin , Zhang Yang 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
We calculate and discuss the motion of the binary black hole OJ287 based on Post-Newtonian approximation in a harmonic coordinate. With gravitational waveform obtained, theoretical timing residual of PSR B1855+09 induced by gravitational radiation of OJ287 is presented and compared with observed data, further shows that hypothesis referring to OJ287 as a binary BH system might be proper. The energy flux of gravitational radiation from binary is also provided, from which we find that the flux changes sign successively: ĖN > 0, Ė1PN < 0, Ė2PN > 0, in agreement with the relative signs of forces of each PN order, revealed in the previous work.
Vector Breathers in an Averaged Dispersion-Managed Birefringent Fiber System*
Authors: Li Ji-Tao , Han Jin-Zhong , Zhang Xian-Tu 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
A variable-coefficient coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equation in an averaged dispersion-managed birefringent fiber is investigated. Based on the one-to-one correspondence between variable-coefficient and constant-coefficient equations, an analytical breather solution is derived. As an example to exhibit dynamical behaviors of solution, its controllable excitations including rear excitation, peak excitation and initial excitation are discussed.
Algebro-Geometric Solutions with Characteristics of a Nonlinear Partial Differential Equation with Three-Potential Functions*
Authors: Zhang Yu-Feng , Feng Bin-Lu , Rui Wen-Juan , Zhang Xiang-Zhi 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
With the help of a simple Lie algebra, an isospectral Lax pair, whose feature presents decomposition of element (1, 2) into a linear combination in the temporal Lax matrix, is introduced for which a new integrable hierarchy of evolution equations is obtained, whose Hamiltonian structure is also derived from the trace identity in which contains a constant γ to be determined. In the paper, we obtain a general formula for computing the constant γ. The reduced equations of the obtained hierarchy are the generalized nonlinear heat equation containing three-potential functions, the mKdV equation and a generalized linear KdV equation. The algebro-geometric solutions (also called finite band solutions) of the generalized nonlinear heat equation are obtained by the use of theory on algebraic curves. Finally, two kinds of gauge transformations of the spatial isospectral problem are produced.
Energy Staggering in Ground Bands of232Th and236,238U Nuclei Using the Interacting Vector Boson Model
Authors: Khalaf A.M. , Sirag M.M. , Kotb M. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe ΔI = 2 and ΔI = 4 staggering parameters of transition energies Eγfor normally deformed positive parity ground bands in232Th and236,238U nuclei are studied in framework of the symplectic extension of the interacting vector boson model. The model parameters are obtained from the fitting procedure between the calculated excitation energies and the corresponding experimental ones. The staggering parameters represent the finite difference approximations to higher order derivatives dnEγ/dInof the γ-ray transition energies in a ΔI = 2 and ΔI = 4 bands, which yielding multipoint formulae. The first order derivative (two-point formula) provides us with information about the dynamical moment of inertia. The staggering oscillation for the fourth order derivative (five-point formula) is about 0.5 KeV and is even larger than that in superdeformed bands. The quite similarity in dynamical moments of inertia of the isotopes236,238U up to high spin states indicate that the phenomenon of identical bands is not restricted to superdeformed bands.
Blood Pressure Lowering Medication, Visit-to-Visit Blood Pressure
Variability, and Cognitive Function in Old Age
Authors: Wijsman Liselotte W. , de Craen Anton J.M. , Muller Majon , Sabayan Behnam , Stott David , Ford Ian , Trompet Stella , Jukema J. Wouter , Westendorp Rudi G.J. , Mooijaart Simon P. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Visit-to-visit blood pressure (BP) variability is associated with cognitive impairment. We assessed to what extent the association between BP variability and cognitive impairment is mediated by the association of BP lowering medication (BPLM) with both BP variability and cognition.

METHODS
We studied 5,606 participants from the PROspective Study of Pravastatin in the Elderly at Risk (PROSPER). BP was measured every 3 months during 3.2 years; BP variability was defined as the SD of BP measurements during follow-up. Cognitive function was assessed at baseline and during follow-up using the Stroop test, Letter-Digit Coding test, and immediate and delayed Picture-Word Learning tests. Multivariate regression models were used with and without adjustments for BPLM to calculate the percentage to which BPLM mediated the association between BP variability and cognition.

RESULTS
Participants taking calcium antagonists had a higher score in baseline Letter-Digit Coding test (mean difference (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.45 (0.06; 0.88). Participants taking beta-blockers had a steeper decline in Stroop test (additional change per year (95% CI) 0.40 (0.09; 0.70) and Letter-Digit Coding test (0.08 (−0.15; −0.02)). Furthermore, a steeper decline in Stroop test was found in participants taking renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors (0.50 (0.16; 0.85). Systolic BP variability was higher in participants taking beta-blockers and RAS inhibitors (mean difference in systolic BP variability in mm Hg (95% CI) 0.75 (0.45; 1.04) and 1.37 (1.04; 1.71) respectively). Participants taking diuretics, calcium antagonists, and RAS inhibitors had a higher diastolic BP variability (mean difference in diastolic BP variability in mm Hg (95% CI) 0.27 (0.04; 0.49), 0.37 (0.12; 0.62) and 0.65 (0.37; 0.93) SD, respectively). Beta estimates remained essentially the same when we adjusted for BPLM in the association of BP variability with cognitive function.

CONCLUSIONS
The association between BP variability and cognitive impairment was not mediated by BPLM.
Experimental design in ocean acidification research: problems and solutions
Authors: Cornwall Christopher E. , Hurd Catriona L. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Ocean acidification has been identified as a risk to marine ecosystems, and substantial scientific effort has been expended on investigating its effects, mostly in laboratory manipulation experiments. However, performing these manipulations correctly can be logistically difficult, and correctly designing experiments is complex, in part because of the rigorous requirements for manipulating and monitoring seawater carbonate chemistry. To assess the use of appropriate experimental design in ocean acidification research, 465 studies published between 1993 and 2014 were surveyed, focusing on the methods used to replicate experimental units. The proportion of studies that had interdependent or non-randomly interspersed treatment replicates, or did not report sufficient methodological details was 95%. Furthermore, 21% of studies did not provide any details of experimental design, 17% of studies otherwise segregated all the replicates for one treatment in one space, 15% of studies replicated CO2 treatments in a way that made replicates more interdependent within treatments than between treatments, and 13% of studies did not report if replicates of all treatments were randomly interspersed. As a consequence, the number of experimental units used per treatment in studies was low (mean = 2.0). In a comparable analysis, there was a significant decrease in the number of published studies that employed inappropriate chemical methods of manipulating seawater (i.e. acid–base only additions) from 21 to 3%, following the release of the “Guide to best practices for ocean acidification research and data reporting” in 2010; however, no such increase in the use of appropriate replication and experimental design was observed after 2010. We provide guidelines on how to design ocean acidification laboratory experiments that incorporate the rigorous requirements for monitoring and measuring carbonate chemistry with a level of replication that increases the chances of accurate detection of biological responses to ocean acidification.
High dispersion spectroscopy of solar-type superflare stars. III. Lithium abundances
Authors: Honda Satoshi , Notsu Yuta , Maehara Hiroyuki , Notsu Shota , Shibayama Takuya , Nogami Daisaku , Shibata Kazunari 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
We report on the abundance analysis of Li in solar-type (G-type main sequence) superflare stars which were found by the analysis of Kepler photometric data. Li is a key element to understand the evolution of the stellar convection zone, which reflects the age of solar-type stars. We performed the high-dispersion spectroscopy of solar-type superflare stars with Subaru/High Dispersion Spectrograph and confirmed that 34 stars show no evidence of binarity in our previous study. In this study, we derived the Li abundances of these 34 objects. We investigate correlations of Li abundance with stellar atmospheric parameters, rotational velocity, and superflare activities to understand the nature of superflare stars and the possibility of the nucleosynthesis of Li by superflares. We confirm the large dispersion in the Li abundance, and the correlation with stellar parameters is not seen. When compared with the Li abundance in the Hyades cluster, which is younger than the Sun, it is suggested that half of the observed stars are younger than Hyades cluster. The measured value of v sin i (projected rotational velocity) supports that those objects are younger than the Sun. However, there are some objects which show the low Li abundance and slowly rotate on the basis of the estimated v sin i and P (period of brightness variation). This result indicates that superflare stars are not only young stars but also old stars like our Sun. In our observations, we could not find any evidence of Li production by superflares. Further research on Li isotope abundances of superflare stars would clarify the issue of Li production by stellar flares.
Mesorhizobium waimense sp. nov. isolated from Sophora longicarinata root nodules and Mesorhizobium cantuariense sp. nov. isolated from Sophora microphylla root nodules
Authors: De Meyer Sofie E. , Wee Tan Heng , Heenan Peter B. , Andrews Mitchell , Willems Anne 
Published: July 2015

In total 14 strains of Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped bacteria were isolated from Sophora longicarinata and Sophora microphylla root nodules and authenticated as rhizobia on these hosts. Based on the 16S rRNA gene phylogeny, they were shown to belong to the genus Mesorhizobium, and the strains from S. longicarinata were most closely related to Mesorhizobium amorphae ACCC 19665T (99.8–99.9 %), Mesorhizobium huakuii IAM 14158T (99.8–99.9 %), Mesorhizobium loti USDA 3471T (99.5–99.9 %) and Mesorhizobium septentrionale SDW 014T (99.6–99.8 %), whilst the strains from S. microphylla were most closely related to Mesorhizobium ciceri UPM-Ca7T (99.8–99.9 %), Mesorhizobium qingshengii CCBAU 33460T (99.7 %) and Mesorhizobium shangrilense CCBAU 65327T (99.6 %). Additionally, these strains formed two distinct groups in phylogenetic trees of the housekeeping genes glnII, recA and rpoB. Chemotaxonomic data, including fatty acid profiles, supported the assignment of the strains to the genus Mesorhizobium and allowed differentiation from the closest neighbours. Results of DNA–DNA hybridizations, MALDI-TOF MS analysis, ERIC-PCR, and physiological and biochemical tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of our strains from their closest neighbouring species. Therefore, the strains isolated from S. longicarinata and S. microphylla represent two novel species for which the names Mesorhizobium waimense sp. nov. (ICMP 19557T = LMG 28228T = HAMBI 3608T) and Mesorhizobium cantuariense sp. nov. (ICMP 19515T = LMG 28225T = HAMBI 3604T), are proposed respectively.