bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Ret Mutations in Macedonian Patients with Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: Genotype-Phenotype Correlations/ Нови Ret-Мутации Кај Македонски Пациенти Со Медуларен Карцином На Тироидната Жлезда: Генотипско-Фенотипски Корелации
Authors: Jovanovic Rubens , Kostadinova-Kunovska Slavica , Janevska Vesna , Bogoeva Biljana , Spasevska Liljana , Miladinova Daniela , Ugrinska Ana , Zdraveska-Kochovska Marina , Trajkov Dejan , Petrusevska Gordana 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Medullary thyroid carcinomas (MTCs) are rare neoplasms comprising 2-10% of all thyroid malignnancies. More than 75% are sporadic tumors and the remainder is familial and MEN2 related. Both sporadic and syndromic MTCs frequently show mutations in the RET proto-oncogene. It has been noted that some MTC cases present an indolent, and some an aggressive clinical course. Ki-67 expression is generally low, with documented exceptions, whereas high expression of Bcl-2 has been reported in majority of the cases. Some studies have shown that Ki-67 and Bcl-2 expressions have prognostic value, as well as RET mutational status. We analyzed 20 unrelated MTC cases for Ki-67, Bcl-2 expression and RET mutations and tested their intercorrelations, correlations to the morphologic features and stage of the tumors, as well as their influence on survival. In 13 of the 20 analyzed cases we found 23 sequence changes distributed in exons 8, 10-13 and 16. There were 11 different missense mutations, single nucleotide deletion with frameshift, and 8 different synonymous mutations. Only 4 of the sequence changes have been previously published. Twelve patients (60%) had tumors expressing one or more missense mutations or single nucleotide deletion and 7 of them (35%) had at least one damaging or possibly damaging RET mutation. Most of the tumors had low Ki-67 expression (mean 6.48% of cells) and high Bcl-2 expression (mean 68.3%). Significantly better survival was observed in cases with low Ki-67 (< 6.5%; p < 0.05), high Bcl-2 expression (> 68.3%; p < 0.01) and younger age at diagnosis (< 51 years; p < 0.05).
Synchronous Occurrence of Ileal Stromal Tumor (GIST) and Colonic Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report/ Синхроно Јавување На Илеален Стромален Тумор (Гист) И Аденокарцином На Колон – Приказ На Случај
Authors: Trajkovska Elizabeta , Janevska Vesna , Spasevska Liljana , Janevski Vlado , Zhivadinovik Julija , Petrushevska Gordana , Dukova Blagica 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Introduction: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the digestive tract. There is an increasing number of literature reports on synchronous occurrence of gastrointestinal stromal tumors and another malignancy of distinct etiology and evolution. The most reported cases include gastric synchronous occurrence of gastrointestinal stromal tumors and adenocarcinoma and gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors and colonic adenocarcinoma.
Case report: We present a case of a 77-old female, with synchronous cecal moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma in Stage IIA according to the TNM classification and ileal spindle cell type GIST with low malignant potential, positive for c-Kit, CD34, vimentin, Actin, and negative for S100.
Conclusion: The synchronous occurrence of small bowel gastrointestinal stromal tumors and other primary gastrointestinal malignancies has been rarely reported. There is a need of further investigations to identify the relationship between gastrointestinal stromal tumors and colorectal cancers.
Assessing Empathic Attitudes in Medical Students: The Re-Validation of the Jefferson Scale of Empathystudent Version Report
Authors: Petek Šter Marija , Selič Polona 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Introduction. Self-reported scales, such as the Jefferson Scale of Empathy - Student version (JSE-S), had been recognised to measure the empathic disposition rather than behavioural expression. This study aimed to re-validate the JSE-S and its factor structure prior further research on empathy in medical students.
Methods. A convenience sampling method was employed in two consecutive academic years, in 2012/13 and 2013/14, at the Faculty of Medicine in Ljubljana, Slovenia; first and final year students participated voluntarily. The JSE-S examined empathy levels. The principal component analysis was performed with Oblimin rotation and Kaisers’ criteria. Factors with eigenvalues ≥ 1.25 were retained and items loading ≥ |0.40| were required for the interpretation of the factor structure.
Results. The total study sample size was 845 students, (580 (68.6%)) of them women; 327 (72.2%) were in the first (19.2 ± 1.9 years old) and 253 (61.7%) in the sixth (24.9 ± 1.1 years old) year of medical school. Females achieved higher JSE-S scores in all groups. The three-factor JSE-S was confirmed, but only seven items were concordant in all groups. A higher proportion of explained variation for Perspective Taking and Standing in the Patient`s Shoes, and better internal consistency, was found in a reduced-item scale (16-18 items). When performing factor analysis of a seven-item scale, the percentages of explained variance increased with two factors extracted.
Conclusions. Only the cognitive dimension of JSE-S gave results as expected, therefore proper terminology, i.e. the object of assessment, must be used in further administration of JSE-S and empathy-related research in medical students.
A polyoxometalate-based inorganic–organic hybrid material: synthesis, characterization structure and photocatalytic study
Authors: Tian Jingzhi , Jing Tao , Zheng Yongjie 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
A new polyoxometalate (POM)-based inorganic–organic hybrid compound, [Ag2(bib)3][H2SiW12O40] (1), has been hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by routine methods. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that inorganic supramolecular chains constructed of POM and [Ag2(bib)3] subunits are fused together via the Ag cations forming a 3D supramolecular structure. The structure possesses the moganite-type topology. The photocatalytic properties have been investigated through the oxidative decomposition of Rhodamine-B dye.
Malign or Maligned? – Arthur Winnington-Ingram, Bishop of London, in the First World War
Authors: Bell Stuart 
Published: June 2015

AbstractArthur Winnington-Ingram, Bishop of London, features prominently in all the scholarly narratives of the activities of the Church of England during the First World War. Particular emphasis has been placed on his description of the conflict as a “Holy War”, on his assertion that those who died in the cause of Britain and her allies should be seen as martyrs, and on his very successful efforts to persuade men to enlist as combatants. Furthermore, many books claim that the Bishop in a 1915 sermon called on his hearers to “Kill Germans”.This paper closely examines contemporary narratives of that sermon and the way in which an anti-clerical writer of the 1930s edited the original text, thus seriously distorting Winnington-Ingram’s message. An analysis of the Bishop’s declaration which was made in 1960, but significantly modified in 1971, is identified as being highly influential in shaping contemporary perceptions of him.The context of a short article in which the Bishop described the conflict as a “Holy War” is examined and an attempt is made to show that such pronouncements were the logical development of the then widely-held perception of Britain as a nation especially chosen by God to take to the world both the benefits of its Empire and the light of the Gospel. It is shown that the most balanced assessments of his activities have come from non-British historians and theologians who have been able to offer a more detached and less anachronistic analysis than, in particular, some ordained Anglican writers.The way in which the scholarly critique of Winnington-Ingram has in recent years been taken up by more popular authors in a process of distillation and embellishment is described. Finally, his repudiation of popular calls for reprisals against German civilians, in the context of the serious loss of life incurred through the German bombing of London, is offered as a corrective to the highly prejudicial way in which the war-time activities of Arthur Winnington-Ingram have been presented in both the scholarly literature and popular narratives.
Beyond Love: Hegel on the Limits of Love in Modern Society
Authors: Lewis Thomas A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractEarly in his development, love played the central role in Hegel’s attempts to overcome fragmentation and division both within society and within the self. This initial conception of love was decisively shaped by his early romantic contemporaries. Hegel soon came to see, however, that love so conceived threatens a sense of individuality intrinsic to modern identity and cannot be a basis for modern social cohesion. This form of love binds people so closely that it becomes oppressive. Hegel’s mature alternative to this early view incorporates love into a more complex conception of modern society. Here, love finds expression and plays a central role in the family, but broader social cohesion is underwritten by a diverse range of affective attachments other than love. This strategy motivates a surprisingly subtle account of patriotism together with substantial emphasis on the role of religious institutions in shaping our political dispositions.
Reliability of Analysis Methods for Identifying Dispersive Clays
Authors: Wei Yingqi , Cai Hong , Wen Yanfeng , Yan Jun , Xiao Jianzhang 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Numerous methods for identifying dispersive clays have been proposed: the pinhole test, the double hydrometer test, the crumb test, the sodium adsorption ratio test, the percentage of the exchangeable sodium cation test, and a number of different auxiliary tests. However, the results of these methods have been in some cases inconsistent. Therefore, in this study, identification tests and conventional laboratory index tests for 34 cohesive soil samples collected from 10 domestic and foreign engineering projects completed by the China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research over the last 20 years were analyzed and compared. The results showed that the dispersive grade of clay was not directly related to the gradation, specific gravity, liquid limit, or plasticity index but was closely related to the soil pH value. Moreover, the pinhole test was not suitable for identifying the dispersion of soil with a low clay content or high expansion.
Reliability Analysis and Evaluation of Key Parts for Automobiles on the Basis of Dimensional Changes During High-Speed Operation
Authors: Wang Min-Long , Liu Xin-Tian , Wang Yan-Song , Luo Jiao 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The dimensional changes of automobile parts during high-speed operation are essential to product reliability. To analyze the influences, a censored experiment was proposed in the paper. To conduct the analysis, the experiment was conducted on a clutch hub. First of all, the high-speed test of the hub was conducted and the deformation data was obtained. Then the censored number was calculated based on sample size and costs. Finally, the working speed and dimension range were calculated under reliability design requirements at a cost-effective basis. The proposed method could also be applied to other similar products for the reliability improvement and design.
Independent Molecular Basis of Convergent Highland Adaptation in Maize
Authors: Takuno Shohei , Ralph Peter , Swarts Kelly , Elshire Rob J , Glaubitz Jeffrey C , Buckler Edward S , Hufford Matthew B , Ross-Ibarra Jeffrey 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Convergent evolution is the independent evolution of similar traits in different species or lineages of the same species; this often is a result of adaptation to similar environments, a process referred to as convergent adaptation. We investigate here the molecular basis of convergent adaptation in maize to highland climates in Mesoamerica and South America, using genome-wide SNP data. Taking advantage of archaeological data on the arrival of maize to the highlands, we infer demographic models for both populations, identifying evidence of a strong bottleneck and rapid expansion in South America. We use these models to then identify loci showing an excess of differentiation as a means of identifying putative targets of natural selection and compare our results to expectations from recently developed theory on convergent adaptation. Consistent with predictions across a wide parameter space, we see limited evidence for convergent evolution at the nucleotide level in spite of strong similarities in overall phenotypes. Instead, we show that selection appears to have predominantly acted on standing genetic variation and that introgression from wild teosinte populations appears to have played a role in highland adaptation in Mexican maize.
Psychometric properties of the Thai version of the work ability index (Thai WAI)
Authors: Kaewboonchoo Orawan , Ratanasiripong Paul 
Published: June 2015

Psychometric properties of the Thai version of the work ability index (Thai WAI): Orawan Kaewboonchoo, et al. Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, ThailandObjectiveThe purpose of this research was to develop and test the psychometric properties of the Thai version of the Work Ability Index (WAI).MethodsForward translation and back‐translation of the WAI were performed by seven bilingual professionals to ensure that the Thai WAI was culturally relevant and conceptually accurate. To ensure generalizability of the Thai WAI, a sample of 2,744 Thai workers from 19 different enterprises in five regions of Thailand completed the Thai version of the WAI along with the General Health Questionnaire. The 19 enterprises were from the following industries: canned food, snack food, cooking oil, footwear, pharmaceutical, ceramics, toy, steel, petrochemical, and auto parts.ResultsThe results from exploratory factor analysis supported a 3‐factor model, accounting for 53.49% of the total variance. The results also provided evidence for adequate test‐retest reliability and internal consistency of the Thai WAI. The internal consistency of the Thai WAI was found to be slightly low due to the newness of the concept of work ability, which is not a common term used in the Thai language; therefore, explanation of the meaning of work ability is needed to increase understanding of workers.ConclusionsBy providing early recognition of workers’ health risks as well as risks of early termination, the WAI can help Thai human resources managers respond better to the needs of workers and be proactive in their efforts to retain workers in their organizations. Occupational health professionals could also utilize the WAI to evaluate the work ability of Thai workers in order to help organizations recognize early signs of their workers’ health risks and possible early terminations and respond appropriately.
Bio-hybrid photoconverter by covalent functionalization of the photosynthetic reaction center ofRhodobacter sphaeroideswith fluorescein isothiocyanate
Authors: Tangorra Rocco Roberto , Antonucci Alessandra , Milano Francesco , la Gatta Simona , Operamolla Alessandra , Ragni Roberta , Agostiano Angela , Trotta Massimo , Farinola Gianluca M. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTOrganic biological hybrid systems, accessible by covalent functionalization of photosynthetic proteins with molecular antennas, represent a promising novelty to enhance natural photosynthesis. In this paper, we present the successful bioconjugation of a commercial fluorophore, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), to the photosynthetic reaction center RC from the bacteriumRhodobacter sphaeroidesstrain R26. The resulting hybrid outperforms the pristine protein in hole-electron couple generation yield, exclusively at wavelengths where the fluorophore absorbs while the protein does not.
Anatase titania nanoparticles for covering P3HT microfibers: Morphological properties
Authors: Díaz-Cruz Evelyn B. , Hernandez Diego , Nicho-Díaz M.E. , Martínez-Alvarez Omar , Zhao-Hu Hailin , Martínez-Alonso Claudia , Arenas-Arrocena M.C. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTAnatase titania has been widely used for several applications such as photocatalysis and solar cells. Sol-gel is a conventional route to obtain amorphous titania and, either post-annealing or a post-hydrothermal treatment are necessary to obtain anatase crystalline phase. It is well known that the synthesis conditions affect in the particle size, surface area and grain size of the titania. In this work regular nanoparticles of anatase titania (TiO2) were obtained by an easy ultrasound-assisted synthesis; the nanoparticles were undergone to either a hydrothermal treatment at 130 °C and/or to an annealing at 450°C. Nanoparticles powder with a crystal size of about 8-10 nm were re-dispersed in aqueous solution at different concentrations (5 to 20mg/mL). Poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) microfibers were immersed into the TiO2 nanoparticles solution for 24 h and they were dried at 80°C for 1 h in order to form the bulk heterojunction. P3HT:TiO2 heterojunctions were characterized by SEM and EDS. According to SEM results at low concentration (5 mg/mL), the covering of the P3HT microfibers is poor and at high concentration (20 mg/mL) the microfibers were seen cracked. The best homogeneous covering onto the P3HT microfibers was obtained at 10mg/mL of titania nanoparticles; it could be the optimal concentration to build bulk heterojunction for hybrid solar cells.
Applications of ZnO Nanowires as Electrode Materials in Photosynthetic Bio-Photoelectrochemical Cells
Authors: Yaghoubi Houman , Santhanakrishn Anand Kumar , Khan Md , Beatty J. Thomas , Takshi Arash 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTHarvesting solar energy, is only one of the incentives of incorporating photosynthetic proteins in electrochemical devices. Understanding the interface of photosynthetic protein complexes and organic\inorganic underlying electrodes can give rise to development of new generation of nano-bioelectronics for other applications such as sensing, as well. Previous approaches in fabricating photosynthetic bio-hybrid electrochemical solar cells were mainly based on metallic electrodes with protein complexes attached, either directly or through linker molecules. Due to the energy band structure in semiconductors, they potentially can be useful for selective charge transfer in an electrochemical device. In the current study, a two terminal sealed bio-hybrid solar cell device was fabricated comprising of hydrothermally grown ZnO nanowires on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) glass working electrode, a Pt counter electrode, and methyl viologen (MV) as a single diffusible redox mediator. The ZnO working electrode was initially characterized using scanning electron microscopy (XRD) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). A solution of dimeric Rhodobacter sphaeroides – light harvesting 1 (RC-LH1) core complexes and redox electrolyte was injected into the cavity between working and counter electrodes. Such structure resulted in ∼0.64 µA.cm-2 photocurrent density and ∼0.24 V open circuit potential difference in the dark and under illumination. Additionally, the device stability tests demonstrated that the current response of such devices remained unchanged after 33 hours storage in the dark.
Monitoring the size and the stability of zinc oxide quantum dots in biological media: a soft ionization mass spectrometry technique (MALDI-TOF-MS)
Authors: Gaumet Jean-Jacques , Gaiffe Gabriel , Dezanet Clément , Dalmasso Stéphane , Magri Pierre , Balan Lavinia , Schneider Raphaël 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTWe present herein a joint physical/physico-chemical study and, more specifically, the first application of Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization coupled with Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) to analyze small-sized ZnO quantum dots (QDs) (2.8-3.1 nm diameter range) synthesized by sol-gel chemistry and stabilized through an aminosilane coating. A careful investigation of the stability of ZnO QDs was initiated once these dots were dispersed in different media (water, biological buffer) for a period up to 3 weeks. Positive ion mode mass spectra MALDI-TOF-MS combined with optical spectrometry was used to monitor the stability of ZnO QDs when aging. Such a unique combination of MALDI-TOF-MS and physico-chemical techniques is likely to bring new insights into the structure analysis, the stability and consequently the potential toxicity of QDs.
Condition for Perfect Resonant Antireflection
Authors: Wang Ken Xingze , Fan Shanhui 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTReflection occurs at an air-material interface. The development of antireflection schemes, which aims to cancel such reflection, is important for a wide variety of applications including solar cells and photodetectors. Recently, it has been demonstrated that a periodic array of resonant subwavelength objects placed at an air-material interface can significantly reduce reflection that otherwise would have occurred at such an interface. Here, we introduce the theoretical condition for complete reflection cancellation in this resonant antireflection scheme. Using both general theoretical arguments and analytical temporal coupled-mode theory formalisms, we show that in order to achieve perfect resonant antireflection, the periodicity of the array needs to be smaller than the free-space wavelength of the incident light for normal incidence, and also the resonances in the subwavelength objects need to radiate into air and the dielectric material in a balanced fashion. Our theory is validated using first-principles full-field electromagnetic simulations of structures operating in the infrared wavelength ranges. For solar cell or photodetector applications, resonant antireflection has the potential of providing a low-cost technique for antireflection that does not require nanofabrication into the absorber materials, which may introduce detrimental effects such as additional surface recombination. Our work here provides theoretical guidance for the practical design of such resonant antireflection schemes.
Puentes de probable cronología califal o taifa, en Bocairent (La Vall d’Albaida, Valencia)
Authors: Ribera Agustí , Bolufer Joaquim , Pascual Josep , Boronat J. D. 
Published: June 2015

Se trata de dar a conocer la existencia de tres pequeños puentes ubicados en las inmediaciones de Bocairent, comarca de la Vall d’Albaida (Valencia), presentando un avance de su estudio, con descripción y primeras planimetrías.
Estos puentes se encuentran en viales muy secundarios en la actualidad, e incluso fuera de uso en un caso. Realizados en canteria, con sillares de piedra local, su antigüedad es indudable. A falta de otros datos, por el contexto y por sus propias características edilicias, se plantea la hipótesis de que fueran construidos hacia finales del siglo X, o principios del siglo XI. Su construcción estaría relacionada con la adecua- ción de los accesos al hisn de Bocairent y, probable- mente, con el paso de un camino entre la costa -Denia- y el interior peninsular.
Política y Arqueología: ¿dependencia?
Authors: Acién Almasa Manuel 
Published: June 2015

En los pocos años que han transcurrido de esta década he tenido ocasión de plantear en dos lugares algunos de los problemas y perspectivas de la arqueología medieval andaluza. La primera de esas ocasiones fue con motivo del Coloquio Hispano-Italiano de Arqueología Medieval, celebrado en Granada el mes de abril de 1990, mientras que la segunda fue un año después, en el Primer Seminario de Historia Medieval, organizado por la Universidad de Zaragoza, bajo el título de “Avances recientes en la historia de al-Andalus: arqueología y sociedad”.
En el primer caso, tras una revisión histórica, trataba de encontrar las causas de lo que consideraba como una situación de marginalidad a nivel académico, y, por otra parte, exponía los posibles errores en los que podía incurrir una práctica que estaba saliendo de esa marginalidad pero que se encontraba en una etapa incial, y por ello los errores podían estar justificados, aunque era el momento adecuado para intentar atajarlos.