bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CuO thin films for the detection of H2S doses: Investigation and application
Authors: Hennemann Jörg , Kohl Claus‐Dieter , Smarsly Bernd M. , Sauerwald Tilman , Teissier Jean‐Mathieu , Russ Stefanie , Wagner Thorsten 
Published: April 2015

We present a new concept for the detection of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) doses based on percolation effects in semiconducting (p‐type) copper (II) oxide (CuO) thin films. Under H2S exposure at 180 °C CuO undergoes a chemical reaction to metallic conducting copper (II) sulfide (CuS). Reaching a certain dose of H2S (concentration × exposure time) the conductance increases rapidly by two orders of magnitude which is attributed to the formation of CuS percolation paths. This study focuses on the reproducibility of this effect as well as on theoretical modeling of the assumed underlying percolation mechanism. Analysis of conductance data reveals a behavior that is qualitatively very similar to standard scaling theory, but with a lower conductance exponent of µ ≈ 0.85 (instead of 1.3 for 2D systems). The deviation can be explained by a superimposing diffusion process and by deviations of the experimental systems from standard percolation systems. Nevertheless, the CuO thin films exhibit intrinsic structure controlled thresholds for H2S doses, which allows the utilization as H2S dosimeter.Conductance behavior of a CuO thin film exposed to 20 ppm H2S at 180 °C. The percolation threshold pc is reached 1054 s after start of the measurement.
Experimentelles Tragverhalten axialgedrückter Kreiszylinderschalen aus nichtrostenden ferritischen und Duplex‐Stählen
Authors: Stranghöner Natalie , Gorbachov Anna 
Published: April 2015

AbstractSchalentragwerke aus nichtrostenden Stählen werden z. B. in Tankbauwerken und Biogasanlagen eingesetzt. Sie sind vollständig recycelbar, bedürfen keines Korrosionsschutzes und sind somit besonders wertvoll im Hinblick auf Umweltschutz und Umweltverträglichkeit. Die Bemessung dieser Schalen im Hinblick auf ihre Beultragfähigkeit ist allerdings nach den üblichen Regelwerken, wie DIN EN 1993‐1‐6, aufgrund des ausgeprägten nichtlinearen Spannungs‐Dehnungs‐Verhaltens der nichtrostenden Stähle nur begrenzt durchführbar. Aus diesem Grund wurden seinerzeit zusätzliche temperatur‐ und schlankheitsabhängige Beulreduktionsfaktoren für axialgedrückte Kreiszylinderschalen aus nichtrostenden austenitischen Stählen von Schmidt und Hautala entwickelt. Die Übertragbarkeit dieser Beulreduktionsfaktoren auf Schalentragwerke aus nichtrostenden ferritischen und Duplex‐Stählen wird im Rahmen des europäischen RFCS‐Forschungsvorhabens BiogaSS mit Hilfe von experimentellen, numerischen und theoretischen Untersuchungen überprüft. Die Ergebnisse sollen Eingang in die Überarbeitung der DIN EN 1993‐1‐6 finden.Experimental load bearing behaviour of axially compressed cylinders made of ferritic and duplex stainless steels. Shell structures made of stainless steels are used e. g. in tank structures and biogas plants. They are fully recyclable, do not need any corrosion protection and therefore, they are valuable in terms of environmental protection and environmental compatibility. However, the design of these shells with regard to their buckling resistance is limited according to DIN EN 1993‐1‐6 due to the non‐linear stress‐strain‐behaviour of stainless steels. For this reason, additional temperature and slenderness dependent buckling strength reduction factors for axial loaded cylindrical shells made of austenitic stainless steels were already developed by Schmidt and Hautala. The transferability of these buckling strength reduction factors on shell structures made of ferritic and duplex stainless steels will be reviewed in the context of the European RFCS research project BiogaSS by means of experimental, numerical and theoretical studies. The results shall be incorporated in the revision of DIN EN 1993‐1‐6.
Cause reduction: delta debugging, even without bugs
Authors: Groce Alex , Alipour Mohammad Amin , Zhang Chaoqiang , Chen Yang , Regehr John 
Published: April 2015

SummaryWhat is a test case for? Sometimes, to expose a fault. Tests can also exercise code, use memory or time, or produce desired output. Given a desired effect, a test case can be seen as a cause, and its components divided into essential (required for effect) and accidental. Delta debugging is used for removing accidents from failing test cases, producing smaller test cases that are easier to understand. This paper extends delta debugging by simplifying test cases with respect to arbitrary effects, a generalization called cause reduction. Suites produced by cause reduction provide effective quick tests for real‐world programs. For Mozilla's JavaScript engine, the reduced suite is possibly more effective for finding faults. The effectiveness of reduction‐based suites persists through changes to the software, improving coverage by over 500 branches for versions up to 4 months later. Cause reduction has other applications, including improving seeded symbolic execution, where using reduced tests can often double the number of additional branches explored. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cathode Spots of Vacuum Arc Discharges
Authors: Bystrov Yu. A. , Kostrin D. K. , Lisenkov A. A , Vetrov N. Z. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractVacuum arc discharge is used for formation of pure metal and complex combined coatings, and also for the impact of the discharge on a surface to remove superficial contaminants. Physical processes observed in an arc discharge are mostly determined by the behavior of cathode spots, which are fundamentally unstable plasma formations and are characterized by a certain value of average lifetime. Reliable stabilization of the cathode spots and controlling their movements on the working surface grants the technology a grater importance in application.
Oberflächenaktivierung von Kunststoff mittels Plasma zur Haftvermittlung
Authors: Stöhr Uwe 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn der Fügetechnologie kommen verschiedenste Verfahren zum Einsatz, um Bauteile dauerhaft miteinander zu verbinden. Wo Schweißen und Löten aufgrund zu hoher Hitzeentwicklung nicht in Frage kommen, können Plasmabehandlungen bei Temperaturen unter 50°C Oberflächen die für Verbindungen erforderliche Reaktivität verleihen. Die chemischen Hintergründe dieses Verfahrens und seine praktische Umsetzung werden im Beitrag am Beispiel der Haftung von Kunststoffen untereinander und mit Metallen dargestellt.
Cluster‐based coordination scheme for cooperative cognitive radio networks
Authors: Tang Yujie , Liu Yongkang , Zhang Ning , Mark Jon W. , Shen Xuemin (Sherman) 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn this paper, a cluster‐based two‐phase coordination scheme for cooperative cognitive radio networks is proposed considering both spectrum efficiency and network fairness. Specifically, candidate secondary users (SUs) are first selected by a partner selection algorithm to enter the two‐phase cooperation with primary users (PUs). In phase I, the selected SUs cooperate with PUs to acquire a fraction of time slot as a reward. In phase II, all SUs including the unselected ones share the available spectrum resources in local clusters; each of which is managed by a cluster head who participated in the cooperation in phase I. To improve the total network utility of both PUs and SUs, the maximum weighted bipartite matching is adopted in partner selection. To further improve the network performance and communication reliability, network coding is exploited during the spectrum sharing within the cluster. Simulation results demonstrate that, with the proposed cluster‐based coordination scheme, not only the PUs' transmission performance is improved, but also SUs achieve spectrum access opportunities. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, Crystal and Electronic Structure of the New Sulfido Ferrate Cs7[FeS2]2[Fe2S3]2
Authors: Schwarz Michael , Röhr Caroline 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe intermediate‐valent sulfido ferrate Cs7[FeS2]2[Fe2S3]2, which forms needles with metallic greenish lustre, was synthesized in pure phase from Cs2S2, elemental iron and sulfur at a maximum temperature of 1000 °C in an argon atmosphere. The monoclinic structure [space group C2/m, a = 3083.8(2), b = 559.03(3), c = 761.57(4) pm, β = 95.829(4)°, Z = 2, R1 = 0.0715] represents a new structure type. It contains two different type of chain anions running along the monoclinic b direction, one of them single chains [FeII/IIIS4/2]1.5– of [FeS4] tetrahedra connected by opposite edges, which are similarly found as sole anions in mixed‐valent chain ferrates(II/III) like e.g. Cs3[Fe2S4]. The second sulfido ferrate ion, double chains [FeII2S3]2– of two fused single chains, is comparable to the building blocks in the structure of the intermediate‐valent mineral pautovite, Cs[FeII, III2S3], and the ferrate(II) Ba[FeII2S3]. Corrected for the local disorder of two cesium sites, the Cs cations separating the two chain ferrate ions are coordinated by 7 to 8 sulfur atoms. The assignment of the iron charges in the two different chain anions is consistent, regardless whether geometric features like Fe–S and Fe–Fe distances (as compared with related compounds) or lattice energy calculations are taken into account. It is further supported by the Fe pDOS and the Bader charges obtained from an FP‐LAPW spin‐polarized GGA+U bandstructure calculation of the title compound.
IN HECATE'S REALM: A NOTE ON SOZOMEN, HIST. ECCL. 7.23
Authors: Quiroga-Puertas Alberto J. 
Published: April 2015

‘Can you tell me, Philocles, what in the world it is that makes many men so fond of lying that they delight in telling preposterous tales themselves and listen with especial attention to those who spin yarns of that sort?’(Lucian, Philops. 1)
In the seventh book of his Historia Ecclesiastica the church historian Sozomen provides us with a detailed account of the social and political climate and subsequent motives which precipitated the outbreak of the Riot of the Statues in Antioch a.d. 387. According to his version ‘on the night before the sedition occurred, a spectre was seen in the form of a woman of prodigious height and terrible aspect, pacing through the streets of the city, lashing the air with an ill-sounding whip, similar to that which is used in goading on the beasts brought forward at the public theatres. It might have been inferred that the sedition was excited by the agency of some evil and malicious demon. There is no doubt but that much bloodshed would have ensued, had not the wrath of the emperor been stayed by his respect for this sacerdotal entreaty.’
AN EMENDATION TO A FRAGMENT OF VARRO'S DE BIBLIOTHECIS (FR. 54 GRF FUNAIOLI)
Authors: Hendrickson Thomas 
Published: April 2015

Varro wrote three books De bibliothecis, according to a list by Jerome (Ep. 33.2 = testimonium 23 GRF Funaioli). The work may have had something to do with his commission to build a massive public library for Julius Caesar (Suet. Iul. 44.2), though Caesar was assassinated before the library could be built. It may also have some connection to Rome's first public library, which Asinius Pollio added to the Atrium of Liberty in the 30s b.c. Pollio, after all, gave a portrait to Varro alone among living authors (Plin. HN 7.115). The known fragments are few.
ONE SIGN AFTER ANOTHER: THE FIFTH ΛΕΠΤΗ IN ARATUS' PHAEN. 783–4?
Authors: Danielewicz Jerzy 
Published: April 2015

καλὸν δ᾽ ἐπὶ σήματι σῆμασκέπτεσθαι, μᾶλλον δὲ δυοῖν εἰς ταὐτὸν ἰόντωνἐλπωρὴ τελέθοι, τριτάτῳ δέ κε θαρσήσειας. (Phaen. 1142–4)It is a good idea to observe one sign after another, and if two agree, it is more hopeful, while with a third you can be confident.
Appropriately for a poet who is ‘subtly speaking’ (λεπτολόγος), the epithet applied to him by Ptolemy III Euergetes (Suppl. Hell. 712.4), Aratus does not cease offering unexpected material to explore. This statement holds true also for the famous passage containing the acrostic ΛΕΠΤΗ (lines 783–7):
PERSAE LINES 270–1 AND MS LAMBETH 1203
Authors: Pickering P.E. 
Published: April 2015

In his recent edition of Aeschylus' Persae Garvie prints the second strophe of the amoibaion
ὀτοτοτοῖ, µάταντὰ πολλὰ βέλεα παµµιγῆ 270γᾶς ἀπ᾽ ᾿Ασίδος ἦλθεν, αἰαῖ,δᾴαν Ἑλλάδα χώραν.
The Logic of the Promotion Decision: In Dubio Pro Patientia
Authors: Weyland Kurt 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThis essay encourages associate professors to wait to initiate their candidacy for promotion until they have established a clearly sufficient, unchallengeable record of research and publication. To guarantee faculty productivity and intellectual vibrancy, and to provide consistent incentives and rewards, university departments should apply reasonably demanding promotion standards that are equivalent to their tenure criteria. Associate professors have a strong interest in comfortably clearing this promotion hurdle to enhance their professional reputation in the eyes of their departmental colleagues, the university leadership, and external referees. Therefore, they are well advised to bid for the rank of professor only after accumulating a strong record that makes a smooth promotion likely.
Peer Reviewing in Political Science: New Survey Results
Authors: Djupe Paul A. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTCharges are frequently leveled that the peer-review system is broken, and reviewers are overburdened with requests. But this specific charge has been made in the absence of data about the actual reviewing loads of political scientists. I report the results of a recent survey asking a random sample of about 600 APSA members with PhDs what their reviewing loads are like and what their beliefs are about the value of peer reviewing to them and others. Article reviewing loads correspond to rank, institution, and scholarly productivity in predictable ways. At PhD-granting institutions, assistant professors averaged 5.5, associate professors averaged 7.0, and full professors averaged 8.3 in the past year; everyone else averaged just under 3 reviews a year. To recognize the value we place on peer reviewing, we need a system that collects data on who reviews and presents them in a format usable by scholars and their relevant evaluation bodies.
Encoding and decoding spatio-temporal information for super-resolution microscopy
Authors: Lanzanò Luca , Coto Hernández Iván , Castello Marco , Gratton Enrico , Diaspro Alberto , Vicidomini Giuseppe 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe challenge of increasing the spatial resolution of an optical microscope beyond the diffraction limit can be reduced to a spectroscopy task by proper manipulation of the molecular states. The nanoscale spatial distribution of the molecules inside the detection volume of a scanning microscope can be encoded within the fluorescence dynamics and decoded by resolving the signal into its dynamics components. Here we present a robust and general method to decode this information using phasor analysis. As an example of the application of this method, we optically generate spatially controlled gradients in the fluorescence lifetime by stimulated emission. Spatial resolution can be increased indefinitely by increasing the number of resolved dynamics components up to a maximum determined by the amount of noise. We demonstrate that the proposed method provides nanoscale imaging of subcellular structures, opening new routes in super-resolution microscopy based on the encoding/decoding of spatial information through manipulation of molecular dynamics.
Three-fold rotational defects in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides
Authors: Lin Yung-Chang , Björkman Torbjörn , Komsa Hannu-Pekka , Teng Po-Yuan , Yeh Chao-Hui , Huang Fei-Sheng , Lin Kuan-Hung , Jadczak Joanna , Huang Ying-Sheng , Chiu Po-Wen , Krasheninnikov Arkady V. , Suenaga Kazu 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAs defects frequently govern the properties of crystalline solids, the precise microscopic knowledge of defect atomic structure is of fundamental importance. We report a new class of point defects in single-layer transition metal dichalcogenides that can be created through 60° rotations of metal–chalcogen bonds in the trigonal prismatic lattice, with the simplest among them being a three-fold symmetric trefoil-like defect. The defects, which are inherently related to the crystal symmetry of transition metal dichalcogenides, can expand through sequential bond rotations, as evident from in situ scanning transmission electron microscopy experiments, and eventually form larger linear defects consisting of aligned 8–5–5–8 membered rings. First-principles calculations provide insights into the evolution of rotational defects and show that they give rise to p-type doping and local magnetic moments, but weakly affect mechanical characteristics of transition metal dichalcogenides. Thus, controllable introduction of rotational defects can be used to engineer the properties of these materials.
Ultrafast myoglobin structural dynamics observed with an X-ray free-electron laser
Authors: Levantino Matteo , Schirò Giorgio , Lemke Henrik Till , Cottone Grazia , Glownia James Michael , Zhu Diling , Chollet Mathieu , Ihee Hyotcherl , Cupane Antonio , Cammarata Marco 
Published: April 2015

AbstractLight absorption can trigger biologically relevant protein conformational changes. The light-induced structural rearrangement at the level of a photoexcited chromophore is known to occur in the femtosecond timescale and is expected to propagate through the protein as a quake-like intramolecular motion. Here we report direct experimental evidence of such ‘proteinquake’ observed in myoglobin through femtosecond X-ray solution scattering measurements performed at the Linac Coherent Light Source X-ray free-electron laser. An ultrafast increase of myoglobin radius of gyration occurs within 1 picosecond and is followed by a delayed protein expansion. As the system approaches equilibrium it undergoes damped oscillations with a ~3.6-picosecond time period. Our results unambiguously show how initially localized chemical changes can propagate at the level of the global protein conformation in the picosecond timescale.
Anisotropy of Local Stress Tensor Leads to Line Tension
Authors: Shao Mingzhe , Wang Jianjun , Zhou Xin 
Published: April 2015

AbstractLine tension of three-phase contact lines is an important physical quantity in understanding many physical processes such as heterogeneous nucleation, soft lithography and behaviours in biomembrane, such as budding, fission and fusion. Although the concept of line tension was proposed as the excess free energy in three-phase coexistence regions a century ago, its microscopic origin is subtle and achieves long-term concerns. In this paper, we correlate line tension with anisotropy of diagonal components of stress tensor and give a general formula of line tension. By performing molecular dynamic simulations, we illustrate the formula proposed in Lennard-Jones gas/liquid/liquid and gas/liquid/solid systems and find that the spatial distribution of line tension can be well revealed when the local distribution of stress tensor is considered.
A Comparison of Three Anatomical Structures for Estimating Age in a Slow-Growing Subarctic Population of Lake Whitefish
Authors: Zhu Xinhua , Wastle Rick J. , Howland Kimberly L. , Leonard Deanna J. , Mann Susan , Carmichael Theresa J. , Tallman Ross F. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
It has been well documented in previous research that otoliths are the preferred hard structure for estimating age in coregonids. However, the slower growth due to short growing seasons experienced by populations in the subarctic region of the boreal zone may alter the utility of alternative nonlethal structures for estimating age. We compared the three most commonly used age estimation structures (otoliths, pectoral fin rays, and scales) for Lake Whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis in a northern (above 50°N) population from Great Slave Lake. This study provides new perspectives regarding the use of different aging structures with fish populations typical of subarctic and arctic environments. Results of ANOVA showed that reader confidence, within-reader precision, and the age estimates themselves were all affected by age structure; reader confidence also varied with age-class. Reader confidence was highest for age estimates from otoliths, followed by pectoral fin rays and then scales. Similarly, within-reader precision (as measured by CVs) was highest for age estimates from otoliths, followed by scales and then pectoral fin ray sections. Pairwise comparisons between age estimates from otoliths and those from scales or pectoral fin rays indicated no significant differences when fish were younger than 10 years (scales) or 12 years (fin rays), suggesting that these nonlethal structures could be conservatively used to reliably estimate ages of younger (&lt;10 years) and smaller (≤300 mm FL) Lake Whitefish. Of particular significance are the findings that (1) divergence between scale and otolith age estimates is delayed by 5–6 years relative to more southerly populations; and (2) in contrast to examples from southern populations, fin rays do not offer a suitable nonlethal alternative for estimating ages of older Lake Whitefish (&gt;11 years).
Received March 4, 2014; accepted December 3, 2014
A constraint variational problem arising in stellar dynamics
Authors: Hadzic Mahir 
Published: April 2015

We use the compactness result of A. Burchard and Y. Guo to analyze the reduced ‘energy’ functional arising naturally in the stability analysis of steady states of the Vlasov-Poisson system (cf. Sánchez and Soler, to appear, and Hadžić, 2005). We consider the associated variational problem and present a new proof that puts it in the general framework for tackling the variational problems of this type, given by Y. Guo and G. Rein (cf. Rein, 2005 and Rein, 2002).
No axions from the Sun
Authors: Roncadelli M. , Tavecchio F. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Preliminary evidence of solar axions in XMM–Newton observations has quite recently been claimed by Fraser et al. as an interpretation of their detection of a seasonally-modulated excess of the X-ray background. Within such an interpretation, these authors also estimate the axion mass to be ma ≃ 2.3 × 10−6 eV. Since an axion with this mass behaves as a cold dark matter particle, according to the proposed interpretation the considered detection directly concerns cold dark matter as well. So, the suggested interpretation would lead to a revolutionary discovery if confirmed. Unfortunately, we have identified three distinct problems in this interpretation of the observed result of Fraser et al. which ultimately imply that the detected signal – while extremely interesting in itself – cannot have any relation with hypothetical axions produced by the Sun. Thus, a physically consistent interpretation of the observed seasonally-modulated X-ray excess still remains an exciting challenge.