bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibitory Effect of Rumex Japonicus Houtt on the Porphyrin Photooxidative Reaction
Authors: Li Ya‐Ping , Takamiyagi Atsushi , Ramzi Saeef Taher , Nonaka Shigeo 
Published: April 2015

AbstractRumex Japonicus Houtt (RJH), a plant indigenous to Okinawa, Japan, has been used traditionally by the local people for treatment of acute and chronic cutaneous diseases; however, its pharmacological effect is not clearly understood. To investigate its active function, we examined the antioxidative effect of RJH on the hematoporphyrin‐induced photooxidative reaction. We measured intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cultured transformed human vascular endothelial cells (ECV‐304) by flow cytometry, lipid peroxide (LPO) in erythrocyte ghosts by spectrofluorometry, and hemolysis by spectrophotometry. Results showed the generation of intracellular ROS in ECV‐304, LPO production in erythrocyte ghosts, and hemolysis after visible light irradiation in the presence of hematoporphyrin. In the RJH root extract treated group, generation of intracellular ROS, LPO production, and hemolysis were inhibited significantly.It has been reported that the RJH root contains emodin and chrysophanic acid. In our study, three fractions were separated from the RJH root extract by thin layer chromatography (TLC). We found that fraction 1 (near the origin) showed a strong inhibitory effect on LPO levels; however, fraction 2 (equal to emodin) and fraction 3 (equal to chrysophanic acid) showed no inhibitory effect on LPO levels. Our experiments verified that RJH has an antioxidative effect against photohemolysis and supports our hypothesis that RJH may have potential as a protective agent against oxidative stress associated with some diseases such as porphyrias.
Introducción: El futuro incierto de las relaciones laborales
Authors: HAYTER Susan 
Published: April 2015

ResumenEn su introducción, la coordinadora de este número monográfico sitúa la selección de artículos en su contexto. Las instituciones tradicionales de relaciones laborales, basadas en la premisa del derecho laboral del desequilibrio de poder entre trabajador y empleador, están siendo socavadas por cambios globales sin precedentes en los patrones de trabajo y de empleo. Ello, junto con la aparición de formas alternativas de representación de los trabajadores, plantea un gran reto al sindicalismo tradicional, a los encargados de las políticas y a los estudiosos de las relaciones laborales. Este número monográfico pretende contribuir al debate sobre la evolución futura.
Evidence‐Based Practice in the Face of Complexity and Comorbidity: A Case Study of an Adolescent With Asperger's Syndrome, Anxiety, Depression, and Chronic Pain
Authors: Loades Maria E. 
Published: April 2015

ProblemWorking with clients who present with multiple conditions and comorbidities, including mental health difficulties, neurodevelopmental disorders, and physical health conditions, requires the therapist to go beyond the existing evidence base to make decisions about which specific cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) models and resultant treatment approaches to draw on in therapy. Routine outcome monitoring across a number of parameters, including goal progress, symptom improvement, and changes in functioning, are core to maintaining accountability through monitoring the ongoing impact of idiosyncratic interventions.MethodThe case of a young person (age 17 years) who presented with mixed anxiety and depression in the context of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and chronic pain are presented. In addition to evidence‐based adaptations to CBT for clients with ASDs, the therapist selected a cognitive model of low self‐esteem as a means of collaboratively conceptualizing the client's difficulties.Findings and ConclusionRoutine outcome measurement demonstrated the effectiveness of the intervention.
EADV Taskforce's recommendations on measurement of health‐related quality of life in paediatric dermatology
Authors: Chernyshov P. , de Korte J. , Tomas‐Aragones L. , Lewis‐Jones S. ,   the EADV Quality of Life Task Force
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe impact of skin conditions in children can profoundly affect a variety of lifestyle parameters that may have important personal consequences. Several national guidelines for children with different skin conditions recommend health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) measurement as part of the assessment process. HRQoL also plays an important role in educational programmes for children with chronic skin conditions and their parents. In this paper, the EADV Taskforce on Quality of life provides researchers and clinicians data on the achievements in this field, as well as the peculiarities of HRQoL assessment in children, and an overview of the most commonly used and validated generic, dermatology‐specific and disease‐specific instruments related to paediatric dermatology. Finally, an analysis of the current problems of HRQoL assessment in children with skin diseases and directions for future studies are also discussed. The main goal of this paper is to help dermatologists decide which HRQoL instrument to use with children, depending on the context.
Exuberant granulation tissue response associated with Neobenedenia sp. (Monogenea: Capsalidae) infestation in two cobia, Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus)
Authors: Hurley‐Sanders J , Harms C , Christiansen E , Clarke E , Law J 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMonogenean parasite infestations are common in captive marine teleosts, and are generally found on the skin and gills. This report describes an unusual pathological presentation of exuberant granulation tissue of the gills, suspected to be related to Neobenedenia infestation in two cobia housed together at a North Carolina aquarium.
The ontogeny of the chin: an analysis of allometric and biomechanical scaling
Authors: Holton N. E. , Bonner L. L. , Scott J. E. , Marshall S. D. , Franciscus R. G. , Southard T. E. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe presence of a prominent chin in modern humans has been viewed by some researchers as an architectural adaptation to buttress the anterior corpus from bending stresses during mastication. In contrast, ontogenetic studies of mandibular symphyseal form suggest that a prominent chin results from the complex spatial interaction between the symphysis and surrounding soft tissue and skeletal anatomy during development. While variation in chin prominence is clearly influenced by differential growth and spatial constraints, it is unclear to what degree these developmental dynamics influence the mechanical properties of the symphysis. That is, do ontogenetic changes in symphyseal shape result in increased symphyseal bending resistance? We examined ontogenetic changes in the mechanical properties and shape of the symphysis using subjects from a longitudinal cephalometric growth study with ages ranging from 3 to 20+ years. We first examined whether ontogenetic changes in symphyseal shape were correlated with symphyseal vertical bending and wishboning resistance using multivariate regression. Secondly, we examined ontogenetic scaling of bending resistance relative to bending moment arm lengths. An ontogenetic increase in chin prominence was associated with decreased vertical bending resistance, while wishboning resistance was uncorrelated with ontogenetic development of the chin. Relative to bending moment arm lengths, vertical bending resistance scaled with significant negative allometry whereas wishboning resistance scaled isometrically. These results suggest a complex interaction between symphyseal ontogeny and bending resistance, and indicate that ontogenetic increases in chin projection do not provide greater bending resistance to the mandibular symphysis.
Safe Removal of a Broken Abutment Screw with Customized Drill Guide and Rotary Instrument: A Clinical Report
Authors: Yoon Joon‐Ho , Lee Heeje , Kim Man‐Yong 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis clinical report introduces a method for safe retrieval of a broken implant abutment screw. A reverse‐tapping rotary instrument has been introduced in the market and is widely used to retrieve broken screws; however, it is difficult to use the rotary instrument unless an access hole for engagement of the rotary instrument is positioned directly on the center of the top of the broken screw remnant. Poor visibility is another limitation to make an access hole. To keep the position of the rotary instrument at the center of the broken screw, a customized drill guide was fabricated, modifying an implant impression coping with self‐cured acrylic resin, all easily found in daily practice. The broken screw was easily removed, not damaging the internal threads of the implant. This technique could be applied to most implant systems when a specific removal kit for each implant system is not prepared.
Oral health perception in veterans with self‐identified disabilities:NationalSurvey ofVeterans, 2010
Authors: Wiener R. Constance 
Published: April 2015

AbstractObjectiveThis study examines the relationship of self‐identified disability and oral health perception in a veteran population.MethodsTheNationalSurvey ofVeterans, 2010, database was used to conduct a cross‐sectional study of 8,303 participants. Questionnaires were mailed to the veterans, and the questions were developed to assess sociodemographic information, health perception, and health status, among other areas of interest. TheAndersenBehavioralModel was used as the framework for the study. The outcome of interest was perceived oral health, and the main variable of interest was self‐identified disability. The data were analyzed for descriptive, and bivariate analyses, and logistic regression.ResultsThere were 1,904 participants (21.2 percent) with self‐identified disability. There were 2,505 participants (41.0 percent) who indicated negative oral health perception. In logistic regression, individuals with self‐identified disability had an unadjusted odds ratio of 1.63 (95 percentCI: 1.44, 1.85) and an adjusted odds ratio of 1.69 (95 percentCI: 1.44, 1.99) for negative oral health perception as compared with participants who did not self‐identify disability.ConclusionOral health perception in a veteran population is affected by predisposing and enabling factors among which is self‐identified disability.
Influence ofUVBexposure on the vitamin D status and calcium homoeostasis of growing sheep and goats
Authors: Kovács S. , Wilkens M. R. , Liesegang A. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVB) on vitamin D status, intestinal calcium absorption and bone metabolism in growing sheep and goats. The hypothesis was that growing sheep and goats are able to synthesise vitamin D within their skin as a result ofUVBexposure and that respective consequences for their vitamin D blood levels and the associated parameters can be shown. Fourteen 18‐week‐old lambs and goat kids were kept in anUVB‐free environment and randomly assigned to two groups. One group was daily exposed toUVB(300 watt) for 12 weeks, and the other served as a control group. Except for the exposure toUVB, all animals were kept under the same conditions and fed according to their requirements. Before the start of the experiment and every second week, blood samples were taken. Also the left metatarsus of each animal was analysed by quantitative computer tomography to test for bone mineral status before the start, in week 7 and at the end of the experiment. After 12 weeks, the animals were slaughtered and samples were taken from skin, gastrointestinal tract and kidney for further analyses. In this study, exposure toUVBled to increased serum 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25VitD) levels in goat kids, whereas in lambs, serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25VitD) levels were increased. In both speciesUVB‐exposed animals showed lower 7‐dehydrocholesterol (7DHC) values in skin than their respective control groups. These results indicate that growing goat kids and lambs are able to synthesise vitamin D in the skin when being exposed toUVB.
Contrasting patterns of population structure and demographic history in cryptic species of Bostrychia intricata (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) from New Zealand
Authors: Muangmai Narongrit , Fraser Ceridwen I. , Zuccarello Giuseppe C. 
Published: April 2015

Spatial patterns of genetic diversity provide insight into the demography and history of species. Morphologically similar but genetically distinct “cryptic” species are increasingly being recognized in marine organisms through molecular analyses. Such species are, on closer inspection, often discovered to display contrasting life histories or occasionally minor morphological differences; molecular tools can thus be useful indicators of diversity. Bostrychia intricata, a marine red alga, is widely distributed throughout the Southern Hemisphere and comprises many cryptic species. We used mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I gene sequences to assess the genetic variation, population genetic structure, and demographic history of B. intricata in New Zealand. Our results supported the existence of three cryptic species of B. intricata (N2, N4, and N5) in New Zealand. Cryptic species N4, which was found throughout New Zealand, showed a higher genetic diversity and wider distribution than the other two species, which were only found in the North Island and northern South Island. Our analyses showed low to moderate genetic differentiation among eastern North Island populations for cryptic species N2, but high differentiation among North and South Island populations for N4, suggesting different population structure between these cryptic species. Data also indicated that N2 has recently undergone population expansion, probably since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), while the higher genetic diversity in N4 populations suggests persistence in situ through the LGM. The contrasting population structures and inferred demographic histories of these species highlight that life history can vary greatly even among morphologically indistinguishable taxa.
Health factors related to physical activity among children and adolescents: Results from Spanish National Health Surveys 2006 and 2011/12
Authors: Alonso‐Fernández Nazaret , Jiménez‐García Rodrigo , Alonso‐Fernández Leticia , Hernández‐Barrera Valentín , Palacios‐Ceña Domingo 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPurposeTo describe the prevalence of physical activity during leisure time among children ages 6–14 in 2006 and 2011/12.Design and MethodsA cross‐sectional study used individualized data for children 6–14 years of age from the Spanish National Health Surveys in 2006 (n = 5,108 children) and 2011/12 (n = 3,265 children).ResultsLeisure time decreased between 2006 and 2011/12(p < .05). Variables associated with increased physical activity were: normal weight (odds ratio [OR] = 1.87; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.37–2.57), children perceived to be in good health by their parents (OR = 2.03;95% CI: 1.43–2.87), and less than 2 hr of screen time per day(OR = 2.00; 95% CI: 1.61–2.47).Practice ImplicationsPrimary care‐based nurses are essential to improving adherence to physical activity.
Computational Network Model Prediction of Hemodynamic Alterations Due to Arteriolar Rarefaction and Estimation of Skeletal Muscle Perfusion in Peripheral Arterial Disease
Authors: Heuslein Joshua L. , Li Xuanyue , Murrell Kelsey P. , Annex Brian H. , Peirce Shayn M. , Price Richard J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the relative influence of input pressure and arteriole rarefaction on gastrocnemius muscle perfusion in patients with PAD after exercise and/or percutaneous interventions.MethodsA computational network model of the gastrocnemius muscle microcirculation was adapted to reflect rarefaction based on arteriolar density measurements from PAD patients, with and without exercise. A normalized input pressure was applied at the feeder artery to simulate both reduced and restored ABI in the PAD condition.ResultsIn simulations of arteriolar rarefaction, resistance increased non‐linearly with rarefaction, leading to a disproportionally large drop in perfusion. In addition, perfusion was less sensitive to changes in input pressure as the degree of rarefaction increased. Reduced arteriolar density was observed in PAD patients and improved 33.8% after three months of exercise. In model simulations of PAD, ABI restoration yielded perfusion recovery to only 66% of baseline. When exercise training was simulated by reducing rarefaction, ABI restoration increased perfusion to 80% of baseline.ConclusionMicrovascular resistance increases non‐linearly with increasing arteriole rarefaction. Therefore, muscle perfusion becomes disproportionally less sensitive to ABI restoration as arteriole rarefaction increases. These results highlight the importance of restoring both microvascular structure and upstream input pressure in PAD therapy.
Evidence of two subaggregations of humpback whales on the Kodiak, Alaska, feeding ground revealed from stable isotope analysis
Authors: Wright Dana L. , Witteveen Briana , Wynne Kate , Horstmann‐Dehn Larissa 
Published: April 2015

AbstractKnowledge of humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) foraging on feeding grounds is becoming increasingly important as the growing North Pacific population recovers from commercial whaling and consumes more prey, including economically important fishes. We explored spatial and temporal (interannual, within‐season) variability in summer foraging by humpback whales along the eastern side of the Kodiak Archipelago as described by stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope ratios of humpback whale skin (n = 118; 2004–2013). The trophic level (TL) of individual whales was calculated using basal food web δ15N values collected within the study area. We found evidence for the existence of two subaggregations of humpback whales (“North,” “South”) on the feeding ground that fed at different TLs throughout the study period. Linear mixed models suggest that within an average year, Kodiak humpback whales forage at a consistent TL during the feeding season. TL estimates support mixed consumption of fish and zooplankton species in the “North” (mean ± SE; 3.3 ± 0.1) and predominant foraging on zooplankton in the “South” (3.0 ± 0.1). This trend appears to reflect spatial differences in prey availability, and thus, our results suggest North Pacific humpback whales may segregate on feeding aggregations and target discrete prey species.
Morphology successfully separates third instar larvae of Muscina
Authors: GRZYWACZ A. , HALL M. J. R. , PAPE T. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThree representatives of the muscid genus Muscina Robineau‐Desvoidy (Diptera: Musicidae), Muscina levida (Harris), Muscina prolapsa (Harris) and Muscina stabulans (Fallén), are well known for their medical, veterinary and forensic importance. However, data in the literature provide contradictory information for the identification of third instar larvae of these species. This hinders easy species differentiation because it requires the rearing of material to adult stages in order to facilitate reliable identification. Third instar larvae of these three Muscina species were studied in detail using light and scanning electron microscopy to provide thorough redescriptions of their morphology. Existing information concerning third instar morphology, with particular reference to its value for taxonomy and identification, is revised and discussed. Emden's spiracular distance factor (SDF) is considered here as inappropriate for identification purposes in third instar larvae of Muscina spp. because its values are not constant ratios but increase during larval maturation and overlap in the examined species. These species were, instead, discriminated here by differences in the spinulation patterns of their abdominal segments.
Arabidopsis thaliana HomeoBox 1 (AtHB1), a Homedomain‐Leucine Zipper I (HD‐Zip I) transcription factor, is regulated by PHYTOCHROME‐INTERACTING FACTOR 1 to promote hypocotyl elongation
Authors: Capella Matías , Ribone Pamela A. , Arce Agustín L. , Chan Raquel L. 
Published: April 2015

Summary

Arabidopsis thaliana HomeoBox 1 (AtHB1) is a homeodomain‐leucine zipper transcription factor described as a transcriptional activator with unknown function. Its role in A. thaliana development was investigated.

AtHB1 expression was analyzed in transgenic plants bearing its promoter region fused to reporter genes. Knock‐down mutant and overexpressor plant phenotypes were analyzed in different photoperiod regimes.

AtHB1 was mainly expressed in hypocotyls and roots and up‐regulated in seedlings grown under a short‐day photoperiod. AtHB1 knock‐down mutants and overexpressors showed shorter and longer hypocotyls, respectively, than wild type (WT). AtHB1 transcript levels were lower in PHYTOCHROME‐INTERACTING FACTOR 1 (PIF1) mutants than in controls, suggesting that AtHB1 is regulated by PIF1 in hypocotyls. β‐glucuronidase (GUS) activity in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves cotransformed with PromAtHB1::GUS and 35S::PIF1 indicated that PIF1 induces AtHB1 expression. Hypocotyl lenght was measured in seedlings of athb1, pif1, or double athb1/pif1 mutants and PIF1 or AtHB1 overexpressors in WT, athb1 or pif1 backgrounds, both in short‐ or long‐day. These analyses allowed us to determine that AtHB1 is a factor acting downstream of PIF1. Finally, a transcriptome analysis of athb1 mutant hypocotyls revealed that AtHB1 regulates genes involved in cell wall composition and elongation.

The results suggest that AtHB1 acts downstream of PIF1 to promote hypocotyl elongation, especially in response to short‐day photoperiods.
Evaluation of three‐dimensional root surface changes and resorption following rapid maxillary expansion: a cone beam computed tomography investigation
Authors: Akyalcin S. , Alexander S. P. , Silva R. M. , English J. D. 
Published: April 2015

Structured AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate root surface changes and resorption following toothborne rapid maxillary expansion (RME) using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).Setting and Sample PopulationThe Department of Orthodontics at The University of Texas Health Science Center. Twenty‐four consecutively treated patients (mean age: 12.8 years) requiring maxillary expansion.Material and MethodsAn observational cohort included 48 CBCT images collected prior to (T1) and 4.8 months after (T2) RME from the study sample. Maxillary (study group) and mandibular (control group) first molars (n = 48) and first premolars (n = 48) were segmented and digitally registered using a ‘best‐fit’ algorithm. Linear surface and volumetric changes between the study and control groups were compared using independent sample t‐tests. Additionally, individual root length measurements were compared between the T1 and T2 images in each group using paired t‐tests.ResultsAll study teeth had significant changes for the evaluation of maximum linear surface area and volumetric changes as compared to control teeth (p < 0.05). On average, premolars and molars in the study group experienced a root shortening of 0.36–0.52 mm (p < 0.05). Color‐coded diagrams demonstrated thinning and resorption occurring primarily at the apex and buccal aspects of the roots. Severity of these changes was individual‐specific, as root resorption patterns were non‐uniform.ConclusionSignificant volume loss, linear surface area changes, and thinning/shortening of maxillary first molar and premolar roots were common findings with the use of toothborne RME therapy.