bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The social enterprise as a space of well-being: an exploratory case study
Authors: Munoz Sarah-Anne , Farmer Jane , Winterton Rachel , Barraket Jo 
Published: October 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to present an Australian case study and to explore how social enterprises may be conceptualised as spaces of well-being, that is the ways in which social enterprises, not explicitly delivering health services, may be producing health and well-being benefits for those who come into contact with them.Design/methodology/approach– A case study in Australia is used to explore in depth the mechanisms of well-being production. Data were collected using ethnographic observation, focus groups and walking interviews. Data were analysed using thematic analysis, GIS and the lens of therapeutic assemblage.Findings– The case study social enterprise produces well-being as integration, capability, security and therapy. The social enterprise acts as a therapeutic assemblage with well-being “spoken”, “practiced” and “felt” within the social enterprise. The ways in which well-being is generated are often linked to the productive element of enterprise – and have the potential to contribute to tackling several contemporary health challenges and inequalities relating to, for example, a lack of physical activity and levels of social isolation.Research limitations/implications– This paper draws on a single Australian case study but points to the need for further in-depth work in the area of social enterprise and health.Originality/value– The paper advances our understanding of how social enterprises may be linked to health and well-being. It goes beyond quantification of, for example, number of clients helped, to consider the wider experience of well-being for those who come into contact with social enterprises.
Determinants of flammability in savanna grass species
Authors: Simpson Kimberley J. , Ripley Brad S. , Christin Pascal‐Antoine , Belcher Claire M. , Lehmann Caroline E. R. , Thomas Gavin H. , Osborne Colin P. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryTropical grasses fuel the majority of fires on Earth. In fire‐prone landscapes, enhanced flammability may be adaptive for grasses via the maintenance of an open canopy and an increase in spatiotemporal opportunities for recruitment and regeneration. In addition, by burning intensely but briefly, high flammability may protect resprouting buds from lethal temperatures. Despite these potential benefits of high flammability to fire‐prone grasses, variation in flammability among grass species, and how trait differences underpin this variation, remains unknown.By burning leaves and plant parts, we experimentally determined how five plant traits (biomass quantity, biomass density, biomass moisture content, leaf surface‐area‐to‐volume ratio and leaf effective heat of combustion) combined to determine the three components of flammability (ignitability, sustainability and combustibility) at the leaf and plant scales in 25 grass species of fire‐prone South African grasslands at a time of peak fire occurrence. The influence of evolutionary history on flammability was assessed based on a phylogeny built here for the study species.Grass species differed significantly in all components of flammability. Accounting for evolutionary history helped to explain patterns in leaf‐scale combustibility and sustainability. The five measured plant traits predicted components of flammability, particularly leaf ignitability and plant combustibility in which 70% and 58% of variation, respectively, could be explained by a combination of the traits. Total above‐ground biomass was a key driver of combustibility and sustainability with high biomass species burning more intensely and for longer, and producing the highest predicted fire spread rates. Moisture content was the main influence on ignitability, where species with higher moisture contents took longer to ignite and once alight burnt at a slower rate. Biomass density, leaf surface‐area‐to‐volume ratio and leaf effective heat of combustion were weaker predictors of flammability components.Synthesis. We demonstrate that grass flammability is predicted from easily measurable plant functional traits and is influenced by evolutionary history with some components showing phylogenetic signal. Grasses are not homogenous fuels to fire. Rather, species differ in functional traits that in turn demonstrably influence flammability. This diversity is consistent with the idea that flammability may be an adaptive trait for grasses of fire‐prone ecosystems.
Prevalence of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in Costa Rica: Costa Rican National Cardiovascular Risk Factors Survey, 2010
Authors: Wong‐McClure Roy , Gregg Edward W. , Barcelo Alberto , Sanabria‐Lopez Laura , Lee Kahye , Abarca‐Gomez Leandra , Cervantes‐Loaiza Marvin , Luman Elizabeth T. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe projected rising prevalence of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in developing countries warrants careful monitoring. The aim of this study was to present the results of the Costa Rican National Cardiovascular Risk Factors Surveillance System, which provides the first national estimates of diabetes and IFG prevalence among adults in Costa Rica.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey of 3653 non‐institutionalized adults aged ≥20 years (87.8% response rate) following the World Health Organization STEPwise approach was built on a probabilistic sample of the non‐institutionalized population during 2010. Known diabetes was defined as self‐reported diagnosis, the use of insulin, or hypoglycemic oral treatment as consequence of diabetes during at least the previous 2 weeks before the survey. Unknown diabetes was defined no self‐reported diabetes but with venous blood concentrations of fasting glucose >125 mg/dL determined by laboratory testing. Impaired fasting glucose was defined as fasting glucose between 100 and 125 mg/dL among those without diabetes. The prevalence of diabetes and IFG prevalence was estimated according gender, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), educational level, and physical activity level.ResultsOverall diabetes prevalence was 10.8% (9.5% known and 1.3% unknown diabetes) and IFG prevalence was 16.5%. The prevalence of known diabetes was higher among women >65 years compared with men of the same age group. Both known and unknown diabetes were significantly associated with higher BMI, increased WC, and low education level (P = 0.01).ConclusionsThe prevalence of diabetes and IFG in Costa Rica is comparable to that in developed countries and indicates an urgent need for effective preventive interventions.
The prevalence of compulsive buying: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Maraz Aniko , Griffiths Mark D. , Demetrovics Zsolt 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimsTo estimate the pooled prevalence of compulsive buying behaviour (CBB) in different populations and to determine the effect of age, gender, location and screening instrument on the reported heterogeneity in estimates of CBB and whether publication bias could be identified.MethodsThree databases were searched (Medline, PsychInfo, Web of Science) using the terms ‘compulsive buying’, ‘pathological buying’ and ‘compulsive shopping’ to estimate the pooled prevalence of CBB in different populations. Forty studies reporting 49 prevalence estimates from 16 countries were located (n = 32 000). To conduct the meta‐analysis, data from non‐clinical studies regarding mean age and gender proportion, geographical study location and screening instrument used to assess CBB were extracted by multiple independent observers and evaluated using a random‐effects model. Four a priori subgroups were analysed using pooled estimation (Cohen's Q) and covariate testing (moderator and meta‐regression analysis).ResultsThe CBB pooled prevalence of adult representative studies was 4.9% (3.4–6.9%, eight estimates, 10 102 participants), although estimates were higher among university students: 8.3% (5.9–11.5%, 19 estimates, 14 947 participants) in adult non‐representative samples: 12.3% (7.6–19.1%, 11 estimates, 3929 participants) and in shopping‐specific samples: 16.2% (8.8–27.8%, 11 estimates, 4686 participants). Being young and female were associated with increased tendency, but not location (United States versus non‐United States). Meta‐regression revealed large heterogeneity within subgroups, due mainly to diverse measures and time‐frames (current versus life‐time) used to assess CBB.ConclusionsA pooled estimate of compulsive buying behaviour in the populations studied is approximately 5%, but there is large variation between samples accounted for largely by use of different time‐frames and measures.
Incidence and natural history of hen's egg allergy in the first 2 years of life—the EuroPrevall birth cohort study
Authors: Xepapadaki P. , Fiocchi A. , Grabenhenrich L. , Roberts G. , Grimshaw K. E. C. , Fiandor A. , Larco J. I. , Sigurdardottir S. , Clausen M. , Papadopoulos N. G. , Dahdah L. , Mackie A. , Sprikkelman A. B. , Schoemaker A. A. , Dubakiene R. , Butiene I. , Kowalski M. L. , Zeman K. , Gavrili S. , Keil T. , Beyer K. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundParents and health staff perceive hen's egg allergy (HEA) as a common food allergy in early childhood, but the true incidence is unclear because population‐based studies with gold‐standard diagnostic criteria are lacking.ObjectiveTo establish the incidence and course of challenge‐confirmed HEA in children, from birth until the age of 24 months, in different European regions.MethodsIn the EuroPrevall birth cohort study, children with a suspected HEA and their age‐matched controls were evaluated in 9 countries, using a standardized protocol including measurement of HE‐specific immunoglobulin E‐antibodies in serum, skin prick tests, and double‐blind, placebo‐controlled food challenges (DBPCFC).ResultsAcross Europe, 12 049 newborns were enrolled, and 9336 (77.5%) were followed up to 2 years of age. In 298 children, HEA was suspected and DBPCFC was offered. HEA by age two was confirmed in 86 of 172 challenged children (mean raw incidence 0.84%, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.67–1.03). Adjusted mean incidence of HEA was 1.23% (95% CI 0.98–1.51) considering possible cases among eligible children who were not challenged. Centre‐specific incidence ranged from United Kingdom (2.18%, 95% CI 1.27–3.47) to Greece (0.07%). Half of the HE‐allergic children became tolerant to HE within 1 year after the initial diagnosis.ConclusionsThe largest multinational European birth cohort study on food allergy with gold‐standard diagnostic methods showed that the mean adjusted incidence of HEA was considerably lower than previously documented, although differences in incidence rates among countries were noted. Half of the children with documented HEA gained tolerance within 1 year postdiagnosis.
Stanford Type A Acute Retrograde Aortic Dissections: From Surgical to Endovascular Strategy?
Authors: Follis Fabrizio , Raffa Giuseppe M. , D'Ancona Giuseppe , Amaducci Andrea , Follis Marco 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAcute type A retrograde aortic dissection is characterized by a port of entry located in the descending aorta near the subclavian take‐off, and is currently treated with surgery. Our experience with two patients who underwent a complicated postoperative course stimulated a review of the current literature and discussion of possible alternative strategies in light of recent advances in endovascular treatment.
Diffuse Midline Gliomas with Histone H3‐K27M Mutation: A Series of 47 Cases Assessing the Spectrum of Morphologic Variation and Associated Genetic Alterations
Authors: Solomon David A. , Wood Matthew D. , Tihan Tarik , Bollen Andrew W. , Gupta Nalin , Phillips Joanna J. J. , Perry Arie 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSomatic mutations of the H3F3A and HIST1H3B genes encoding the histone H3 variants, H3.3 and H3.1, were recently identified in high‐grade gliomas arising in the thalamus, pons and spinal cord of children and young adults. However, the complete range of patients and locations in which these tumors arise, as well as the morphologic spectrum and associated genetic alterations remain undefined. Here, we describe a series of 47 diffuse midline gliomas with histone H3‐K27M mutation. The 25 male and 22 female patients ranged in age from 2 to 65 years (median = 14). Tumors were centered not only in the pons, thalamus, and spinal cord, but also in the third ventricle, hypothalamus, pineal region and cerebellum. Patients with pontine tumors were younger (median = 7 years) than those with thalamic (median = 24 years) or spinal (median = 25 years) tumors. A wide morphologic spectrum was encountered including gliomas with giant cells, epithelioid and rhabdoid cells, primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET)‐like foci, neuropil‐like islands, pilomyxoid features, ependymal‐like areas, sarcomatous transformation, ganglionic differentiation and pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA)‐like areas. In this series, histone H3‐K27M mutation was mutually exclusive with IDH1 mutation and EGFR amplification, rarely co‐occurred with BRAF‐V600E mutation, and was commonly associated with p53 overexpression, ATRX loss (except in pontine gliomas), and monosomy 10.
The effect of universal child benefits on labour supply
Authors: Schirle Tammy 
Published: October 2015

AbstractUsing a difference‐in‐differences estimator, I find the Canadian Universal Child Care Benefit has significant negative income effects on the labour supply of married individuals. The likelihood of lower‐educated mothers to participate in the labour force is reduced 3.2 percentage points when receiving the benefit. Median hours worked per week among lower‐educated mothers is reduced by 1.9 hours. The effects on higher‐educated mothers are substantial, with median hours worked among higher‐educated mothers reduced by nearly one hour per week. For men, the evidence suggests small but significant income effects on labour supply, consistent with the literature on labour supply elasticities.
Evolution of temporal and spectral dynamics of pathologic high‐frequency oscillations (pHFOs) during epileptogenesis
Authors: Jones Ryan T. , Barth Albert M. , Ormiston Laurel D. , Mody Istvan 
Published: October 2015

SummaryObjectiveIn temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), pathologic high frequency oscillations (pHFOs, 200–600 Hz) are present in the hippocampus, especially the dentate gyrus (DG). The pHFOs emerge during a latent period prior to the onset of spontaneous generalized seizures. We used a unilateral suprahippocampal injection of kainic acid (KA) mouse model of TLE to characterize the properties of hippocampal pHFOs during epileptogenesis.MethodsIn awake head‐fixed mice, 4–14 days after KA‐induced status epilepticus (SE), we recorded local field potentials (LFPs) with 64‐channel silicon probes spanning from CA1 alveus to the DG hilus, or with glass pipettes in the DC mode in the CA1 str radiatum.ResultsThe pHFOs, are observed simultaneously in the CA1 and the DG, or in the DG alone, as early as 4 days post‐SE. The pHFOs ride on top of DC deflections, occur during motionless periods, persist through the onset of TLE, and are generated in bursts. Burst parameters remain remarkably constant during epileptogenesis, with a random number of pHFOs generated per burst. In contrast, pHFO duration and spectral dynamics evolve from short events at 4 days post‐SE to prolonged discharges with complex spectral characteristics by 14 days post‐SE. Simultaneous dural EEG recordings were exceedingly unreliable for detecting hippocampal pHFOs; therefore, such recordings may deceptively indicate a “silent” period even when massive hippocampal activity is present.SignificanceOur results demonstrate that hippocampal pHFOs exhibit a dynamic evolution during the epileptogenic period following SE, consistent with their role in transitioning to the chronic stage of TLE.
Carcinoma of the mammary gland in a mare
Authors: Bussche L. , Harms C. , Buckles E. L. , Whelchel D. , Brosnahan M. , Van de Walle G. R. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryA 20‐year‐old Quarter Horse mare was presented with a firm, nonpainful swelling near the axial margin of the left mammary gland. Ultrasound examination of the mass revealed a 35 mm poorly encapsulated, homogeneous mass within the parenchyma of the left mammary gland. Using histopathology and immunohistochemistry, the mass was diagnosed as a mammary carcinoma and showed positivity for cytokeratin 18 (CK18), vimentin and α‐smooth muscle actin. Additionally, themRNAexpression level of the oncogenecMycdid not show a significant upregulation, whereasp53, a well‐known tumour suppressor gene in breast cancer, was significantly reduced in comparison with healthy equine mammary gland tissue. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of a significant downregulation ofp53expression in a mammary carcinoma of a mare.
Active packaging solution to prolong the shelf life of rocket salad
Authors: Danza Alessandra , Conte Amalia , Cedola Annamaria , Chisacova Inna , Del Nobile Matteo Alessandro 
Published: October 2015

SummaryThe best packaging conditions for rocket salad were assessed by subsequent experimental trials. In the first step, a preliminary screening of different packaging materials was performed and two micro‐perforated oriented polypropylene films with different micro‐hole diameters (90 and 110 μm) were selected as best packaging solutions. In the subsequent experimental step, modified headspace conditions were applied without any improvement on product quality. In the last step, the effects of an ethylene adsorbent were analysed. Rocket salad packaged in both films with the ethylene adsorbent recorded a shelf life of about 16 days, compared to the control samples that remained acceptable for 13 days. During storage, the microbial quality (mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacteria, pseudomonadaceae, lactic acid bacteria, yeasts, total coliforms and enterobacteriacae), the pH, the colour changes and the main sensory parameters were also monitored.
Physicochemical assessment of fresh chilled dairy dessert supplemented with wheat germ
Authors: Majzoobi Mahsa , Ghiasi Fatemeh , Farahnaky Asgar 
Published: October 2015

SummaryWheat germ is an available and economical source of protein, vitamins and antioxidants with an increasing application in food products. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different levels (0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0%) and particle sizes (120, 210 and 354 μm) of wheat germ on physicochemical properties of fresh chilled dairy dessert. With increasing wheat germ level, dry matter of the dessert increased while the pH decreased. Particle size had no significant effect on these parameters. Increasing the wheat germ content and particle size enhanced darkness, hardness, cohesiveness and gumminess of the desserts while decreasing springiness and water release of the samples. Wheat germ level had greater effects on different quality aspects of the desserts than its particle size. The most acceptable dessert was produced with no more than 5.0% wheat germ with either of the particle sizes used in this study.
Edible coatings enriched with essential oils for extending the shelf‐life of ‘Bravo de Esmolfe’ fresh‐cut apples
Authors: Guerreiro Adriana C. , Gago Custódia M. L. , Faleiro Maria L. , Miguel Maria G. C. , Antunes Maria D. C. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryEdible coatings based on sodium alginate (AL) and pectin (PE) at 1% and 2%(w/v) enriched with eugenol (Eug) and citral (Cit) at minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) (0.10% and 0.15%) and double MIC were used to preserve the quality of fresh‐cut apples ‘Bravo de Esmolfe’. Samples were taken, through 14 day at 4 °C, for analysis of colour CIE(L*h°C*), firmness, °Brix, weight loss, antioxidant activity (TEAC), microbial growth and taste panels. With those quality characteristics, three groups were formed by the principal component and hierarchical cluster analysis, for each coating base (AL or PE). Based on, for each quality parameter measured, the mean closest value to the one at harvest for colour, higher value for firmness, °Brix and TEAC, and lower value for weight loss and microbial spoilage, the best group was selected for AL and PE. From each group, two edible coatings with the highest scores in overall acceptability were selected for fresh‐cut apples: AL2% + Eug 0.1%, AL2% + Cit 0.15% + Eug 0.1%, PE 2% + Cit 0.15% and PE 2% + Eug 0.2%.
Antifungal properties and inhibitory effects upon aflatoxin production by Zingiber officinale essential oil in Aspergillus flavus
Authors: Nerilo Samuel B. , Rocha Gustavo Henrique O. , Tomoike Caroline , Mossini Simone A. G. , Grespan Renata , Mikcha Jane M. G. , Machinski Miguel 
Published: October 2015

SummaryIn this study, the efficacy of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) essential oil (GEO) in reducing A. flavus growth and aflatoxin production was investigated. Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed that the major components of GEO were α‐zingiberene (23.85%) and geranial (14.16%). Mycelial growth of Aspergillus flavus was reduced significantly at a GEO concentration of 150 μg mL−1, and complete inhibition of conidial germination was observed at a concentration of 10 μg mL−1. Statistically significant inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis was detected at a GEO concentration of 10 μg mL−1. GEO was capable of fully inhibiting aflatoxin production by A. flavus at a concentration of 15 μg mL−1. The results suggest that low concentrations of GEO are capable of inhibiting aflatoxin production; such ability could be valuable in the upcoming future for agricultural companies to better control aflatoxigenic fungi in agricultural products.
Scepticism about Beneficiary Pays: A Critique
Authors: Barry Christian , Kirby Robert 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSome moral theorists argue that being an innocent beneficiary of significant harms inflicted by others may be sufficient to ground special duties to address the hardships suffered by the victims, at least when it is impossible to extract compensation from those who perpetrated the harm. This idea has been applied to climate change in the form of the beneficiary‐pays principle. Other philosophers, however, are quite sceptical about beneficiary pays (both in general and in the particular case of human‐induced climate change). Our aim in this article is to examine their critiques. We conclude that, while they have made important points, the principle remains worthy of further development and exploration. Our purpose in engaging with these critiques is constructive — we aim to formulate beneficiary pays in ways that would give it a plausible role in allocating the cost of addressing human‐induced climate change, while acknowledging that some understandings of the principle would make it unsuitable for this purpose.
Self‐Advocacy as a Means to Positive Identities for People with Intellectual Disability: ‘We Just Help Them, Be Them Really’
Authors: Anderson Sian , Bigby Christine 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundStigma attached to having an intellectual disability has negative implications for the social identities and inclusion of people with intellectual disability.AimThe study explored the effects of membership of independent self‐advocacy groups on the social identity of people with intellectual disability.MethodUsing a constructivist grounded theory methodology, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 25 members of six self‐advocacy groups which varied in size, resources, location and policy context: two based in the Australian states of Victoria and Tasmania and four in the UK.ResultsCollegiality, ownership and control by members characterized groups. They gave members opportunities for paid or voluntary work, skill development and friendship which contributed to their confidence and engagement with life. Possibilities for new more positive identities such as being an expert, a business‐like person, a self‐advocate and an independent person were opened up. Self‐advocacy is an important means of furthering social inclusion of people with intellectual disability.