bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creating a Health and Sustainability Nexus in Food Education: Designing Third Spaces in Teacher Education
Authors: Elsden-Clifton Jennifer , Futter-Puati Debi 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThere is growing pressure from the public health sector, government, environmental, medical and scientific fields to teach young people about food. However, little is known about pre-service teachers’ preparation in this area. This article addresses this gap by providing a case study of one approach to food education, which was purposefully designed to bring together two fields — health education and education for sustainability (EfS) — in teacher education in Victoria, Australia. This article outlines the ways in which this approach has the potential to challenge the conventions of both fields and ‘spaces’ of health (first space) and sustainability (second space), and gave rise to a possible ‘third space’ (Soja, 1996). This article uses data collected from Promoting Health Education, a 10-week course designed for generalist primary school pre-service teachers. It also utilises reflections from pre-service teachers and teacher educators (also the authors) to explore how they navigated first, second and third spaces. In doing so, the authors examine some of the learning potentials and difficulties within third spaces, including: designing third spaces; wrestling with the dominance of first space; complexities of second space; and questioning what might be lost and gained through the design of third spaces.
Internalizing the Demonic: Satan and the Self in Early Modern Scottish Piety
Authors: Brock Michelle D. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBeliefs about the Devil informed Scottish piety in a myriad of ways. This article explores, in particular, the experiential relationship between Reformed theology, the practice of introspection, and demonic belief. It locates a process of profound anxiety and self-identification as evil that occurred during inward, personal engagement with Satan. This process, loosely coined here as “internalizing the demonic,” reveals the close and consequential relationship between the clerical promotion of self-surveillance and the widely internalized belief in the Devil's natural affinity with the “evil hearts” of men and women. Through an examination of English texts circulated in Scotland and a brief comparison with Protestant groups abroad, this article suggests that internalizing the demonic was a defining component of experiential piety not just in Scotland, but also throughout the Reformed Anglophone world.
The International Context of Secularization in England: The End of Empire, Immigration, and the Decline of Christian National Identity, 1945–1970
Authors: Chapman Alister 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis article discusses the impact of declining British power and increasing Commonwealth immigration on religion in England after the Second World War. It argues that a diminishing sense of Britain's greatness undermined the belief that England was a Christian nation, a belief common among Britain's elites, especially members of the Conservative party, and one that had long undergirded Christian faith and practice in the country. The language of Christian nationhood became toxic as it became associated with unpopular white settler governments in southern Africa. Moreover, the debates over the 1962 Commonwealth Immigrants Act show how the migration of non-Christian religious groups to England had created a situation in which those who wished to continue to speak of the country as Christian would be accused of racism, a charge with fresh bite at that time. The article argues that international contexts deserve greater attention in the study of religious change.
Numerical simulations of steady flow past two cylinders in staggered arrangements
Authors: Tong Feifei , Cheng Liang , Zhao Ming 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis paper presents a numerical study on steady flow around two identical circular cylinders of various arrangements at a low subcritical Reynolds number ($\mathit{Re}=10^{3}$). The ratio of centre-to-centre pitch distance ($P$) to the diameter of the cylinder ($D$) ranges from 1.5 to 4, and the alignment angle $({\it\alpha})$ between the two cylinders and the direction of the cross-flow varies from 0 to 90°. The detailed flow information obtained from direct numerical simulation allows a comprehensive interpretation of the underlying physics responsible for some interesting flow features observed around two staggered cylinders. Four distinct vortex shedding regimes are identified and it is demonstrated that accurate classification of vortex shedding regimes around two staggered cylinders should consider the combination of the flow visualization with the analyses of lift forces and velocity signal in the wake. It is revealed that the change in pressure distribution, as a result of different vortex shedding mechanisms, leads to a variety of characteristics of hydrodynamic forces on both cylinders, including negative drag force, attractive and repulsive lift forces. Two distinct vortex shedding frequencies are identified and are attributed to the space differences based on the flow structures observed in the wake of the cylinders. It is also found that the three-dimensionality of flow in the gap and the shared wake region is significantly weakened in almost two of the classified flow regimes; however, compared with the flow around a single cylinder, active wake interaction at large ${\it\alpha}$ does not clearly increase the three-dimensionality.
Flexibility increases lift for passive fluttering wings
Authors: Tam Daniel 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWe examine experimentally the influence of flexibility on the side-to-side fluttering motion of passive wings settling under the influence of gravity. Our results demonstrate the existence of an optimal flexibility that allows flexible wings to remain airborne twice as long as their rigid counterparts of identical mass and size. Flow visualization and measurements allow us to elucidate the role of flexibility in generating increased lift and wing circulation by shedding additional vorticity at the turning point. Theoretical scalings are derived from a reduced model of the flight dynamics and yield quantitative agreement with experiments. These scalings rationalize the strong positive correlation between flexibility and flight time. Our experimental results and theoretical scalings represent an ideal system for the validation of computational approaches to model biologically inspired fluid–structure interaction problems.
Do environment and intuition matter in the relationship between decision politics and success?
Authors: Elbanna Said , Di Benedetto C Anthony , Gherib Jouhaina 
Published: January 2015

AbstractLittle is known about the relationship between political behavior and successful decision making in non-Western national settings, or about the impact of environmental factors on this relationship. Moreover, our understanding of the decision processes through which political behavior translates into decision outcomes is also not well understood. The present research extends previous studies by examining how political behavior influences decision success in a new setting, with reference to the moderating impact of three environmental factors representing industry and society/nation environment effects, and the mediating role of a decision process, intuition. The findings from a survey of 131 Tunisian firms suggest that the practice of political behavior negatively influences decision success. We also find evidence of the importance of product uncertainty and intuition in understanding this relationship. Our findings address key issues not yet well understood in the theoretical literature, and provide managerial insights into ways of improving strategic choices in organizations.
Translating models of organization: Can theMittelstandmove from Bavaria to Geelong?
Authors: Logue Danielle M. , Jarvis Walter P. , Clegg Stewart , Hermens Antoine 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we examine the increasing global attention being given to the German organizational form of theMittelstandover the past decade. We do so, especially, in consideration of the construction of Australian analogues to theMittelstand. Such translations have been posited as a solution to the current crisis facing Australian manufacturing. Translation out of context always poses problems: can a specifically national form of organization, such as the GermanMittelstand, be something that can, potentially, be translated to other nations and industrial contexts? The Australian case offers an empirical setting in which to explore understandings of transnational translation of management innovations. Our findings demonstrate how globally theorized models subject to translation align abstract value orientations with local templates. Our discussion focuses on the translation of a Bavarian model of organization into very different locations, such as Geelong, Australia.
Organizational justice–affective commitment relationship in a team sport setting: The moderating effect of group cohesion
Authors: Ha Jae-Pil , Ha Jaehyun 
Published: January 2015

AbstractUsing organizational justice literature, the current study aimed to examine the relationship between three dimensions of organizational justice (distributive, procedural, interactional justice) and affective commitment, and to explore the moderating effect of group cohesion on the relationship between the three dimensions of justice and affective commitment in a collegiate team sport context. Data were collected from 253 college student-athletes of two Football Bowl Subdivision institutions in the Southeastern United States. Results of three hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that all three dimensions of justice were positively and significantly related to affective commitment. In regard to the moderating effect, group cohesion significantly moderated the distributive justice–affective commitment and the interactional–affective commitment relationships. Specifically, the two significant relationships were significantly stronger for student-athletes who reported high levels of group cohesion than their counterparts. Strategies by coaches to improve athletes’ perceptions of fairness and group cohesion and suggestions for future researches were discussed.
Low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on Parkinson motor function: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Zhu HongCan , Lu ZhaoMing , Jin YiTing , Duan XiaoJia , Teng JunFang , Duan DongXiao 
Published: January 2015

ObjectivesPrevious studies have demonstrated inconsistent findings regarding the efficacy of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in treating motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Therefore, this meta-analysis was conducted to assess the efficacy of low-frequency rTMS.MethodsA comprehensive literature search (including PubMed, CCTR, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, CBM-disc, NTIS,EAGLE, Clinical Trials, Current Controlled Trials, International Clinical Trials Registry) was conducted dating until June 2014. The key search terms (‘Parkinson’, ‘PD’, ‘transcranial magnetic stimulation’, ‘TMS’, ‘RTMS’ and ‘noninvasive brain stimulation’) produced eight high-quality randomised controlled trials (RCT) of low-frequency rTMS versus sham stimulation.ResultsThese eight studies, composed of 319 patients, were meta-analysed through assessment of the decreased Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS part III) score. Pooling of the results from these RCTs yielded an effect size of −0.40 (95%CI=−0.73 to −0.06,p<0.05) in UPDRS part III, which indicated that low-frequency rTMS could have 5.05 (95%CI=−1.73 to −8.37) point decrease in UPDRS part III score than sham stimulation.DiscussionLow-frequency rTMS had a significant effect on motor signs in PD. As the number of RCTs and PD patients included here was limited, further large-scale multi-center RCTs were required to validate our conclusions.
Digging the river: the historical geography of the Amstel area (800–1275 AD)
Authors: de Bont C. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAround 800 AD the peatlands around Amstelland were drained by two rivers. The ‘northern’ Amstel discharged surplus water directly into Lake Almere, which from the 12th century onwards was enlarged to form the Sudersee (in Dutch: Zuiderzee). The ‘southern’ Amstel was a near-abandoned westernmost arm of the River Vecht discharging the poorly drained borderland around the river Vecht into Lake Almere/the Sudersee. As part of the reclamation of peatlands associated with agricultural activities between the end of the 10th and the mid-13th centuries, the rivers were connected via a canal, thus creating the river Amstel, as it is known today.
Authority Contests, Power and Policy Paradigm Change: Explaining Developments in Grain Marketing Policy in Prairie Canada
Authors: Skogstad Grace , Whyte Tanya 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis article investigates the nature and role of authority contests—the claims and counterclaims about whose ideas matter on policy debates and via what procedures they should be heard—in policy paradigm contestation, reform and abandonment. Examining the authority contests around prairie Canada's grain marketing policy illustrates an additional pathway—a value-driven model—to Hall's model of endogenous policy anomalies. It further documents differences across governments in how they resolve contentious policy debates, showing that governments make fewer efforts to supplement their own representational authority with expert and/or popular authority when they enjoy majoritarian support from the affected region than when they do not and when their support for paradigm change is value-driven rather than a response to policy anomalies.
Bioactivity of water soluble extracts and some characteristics of white cheese during the ripening period as effected by packaging type and probiotic adjunct cultures
Authors: Erkaya Tuba , Şengul Mustafa 
Published: January 2015

In this study, the chemical composition, proteolysis and in vitro angiotensin-converting enzyme-(ACE)-inhibitory and antioxidant activities of white cheeses made using probiotic adjunct cultures (Bifidobacterium bifidumDSMZ 20456 andLactobacillus acidophilusDSMZ 20079) were investigated. The cheeses were ripened in a vacuum package or brine for 120 d at 4 °C. The cheese samples maintained the probiotic characteristics of the viable cells as >106 cfu/g even after ripening for 120 d. The proteolysis degrees in terms of water-soluble nitrogen/total nitrogen (WSN/TN), trichloroacetic acid-soluble nitrogen/total nitrogen (TCA-SN/TN) and phosphotungstic acid-soluble nitrogen/total nitrogen (PTA-SN/TN) values in the cheeses increased throughout the ripening. The highest levels of proteolysis were found in cheese made usingLb. acidophilusDSMZ 20079 and ripened in a vacuum package. ACE-inhibitory activity of the water soluble extracts (WSEs) of the cheeses increased significantly (P < 0·05) throughout the ripening (IC50values 82·78–140·99 μg/ml). Use ofLb. acidophilusDSMZ 20079 and packaging under vacuum significantly increased the percentage of ACE inhibiting activity. WSEs had DPPH scavenging activity (the IC50values were 2·41–5·39 mg/ml and the inhibition values were 5·10–10·38%), increasing up to 60 d ripening. In the present study, it was observed thatLb. acidophilusDSMZ 20079 was more effective thanBifido. bifidumDSMZ 20456 in terms of the cheese characteristics investigated.
Purification and characterisation of a glutamic acid-containing peptide with calcium-binding capacity from whey protein hydrolysate
Authors: Huang Shun-Li , Zhao Li-Na , Cai Xixi , Wang Shao-Yun , Huang Yi-Fan , Hong Jing , Rao Ping-Fan 
Published: January 2015

The bioavailability of dietary ionised calcium is affected by intestinal basic environment. Calcium-binding peptides can form complexes with calcium to improve its absorption and bioavailability. The aim of this study was focused on isolation and characterisation of a calcium-binding peptide from whey protein hydrolysates. Whey protein was hydrolysed using Flavourzyme and Protamex with substrate to enzyme ratio of 25 : 1 (w/w) at 49 °C for 7 h. The calcium-binding peptide was isolated by DEAE anion-exchange chromatography, Sephadex G-25 gel filtration and reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). A purified peptide of molecular mass 204 Da with strong calcium binding ability was identified on chromatography/electrospray ionisation (LC/ESI) tandem mass spectrum to be Glu-Gly (EG) after analysis and alignment in database. The calcium binding capacity of EG reached 67·81 μg/mg, and the amount increased by 95% compared with whey protein hydrolysate complex. The UV and infrared spectrometer analysis demonstrated that the principal sites of calcium-binding corresponded to the carboxyl groups and carbonyl groups of glutamic acid. In addition, the amino group and peptide amino are also the related groups in the interaction between EG and calcium ion. Meanwhile, the sequestered calcium percentage experiment has proved that EG-Ca is significantly more stable than CaCl2 in human gastrointestinal tract in vitro. The findings suggest that the purified dipeptide has the potential to be used as ion-binding ingredient in dietary supplements.
The intestinal helminth community of the spiny-tailed lizardDarevskia rudis(Squamata, Lacertidae) from northern Turkey
Authors: Roca V. , Jorge F. , Ilgaz Ç. , Kumlutaş Y. , Durmuş S.H. , Carretero M.A. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPopulations of the lizardDarevskia rudis(Bedriaga, 1886) from northern Anatolia were examined for intestinal parasites in adult specimens. One cestode,Nematotaenia tarentolaeLópez-Neyra, 1944 and four nematode species,Spauligodon saxicolaeSharpilo, 1962,Skrjabinelazia hoffmanniLi, 1934,Oswaldocruzia filiformis(Goeze, 1782) andStrongyloides darevskyiSharpilo, 1976, were found. Three of these nematodes,S.saxicolae,S.hoffmanniandS.darevskyiare suggested to be part of a module in the network ofDarevskiaspp. and their parasites. Only one,S.darevskyi, was identified as aDarevskiaspp. specialist. The very low infection and diversity parameters are indicative of the depauperate helminth communities found in this lacertid lizard, falling among the lowest within the Palaearctic saurians. Nevertheless these values are higher than those found in parthenogeneticDarevskiaspp. Interpopulation variation in the intensity ofS. saxicolaeandN. tarentolaeis attributable to local changes in ecological conditions. On the other hand, parasite abundance and richness increased in the warmer localities, while the effect of lizard sex and size on infection was negligible. The structure of these helminth communities inD.rudisare compared with those observed in other European lacertid lizards.
Reproductive biology and population structure ofAxianassa australis(Crustacea, Axianassidae) on a sand-mud flat in north-eastern Brazil
Authors: Botter-Carvalho M.L. , Costa L.B. , Gomes L.L. , Clemente C.C.C. , Carvalho P.V.V. Da C. 
Published: January 2015

The life history of the mud shrimpAxianassa australis, a common and widespread burrower inhabiting coastal mangroves and mud flats, is poorly known. This contribution presents the first information about the population structure, reproductive biology and fecundity ofA. australis, based on individuals collected from September 2011 to December 2012 on Casa Caiada Beach, located in a densely urbanized area in north-eastern Brazil, using a yabby pump. The sex ratio did not depart significantly from the expected 1:1 proportion. A significant trend of left-handedness of the major cheliped was observed in the population. Females reached a larger maximum cephalothorax length (CL) than males. The differential growth between CL and the propodus of the major cheliped showed negative allometric growth for females and positive allometric growth for males, suggesting a trade-off between somatic growth and reproductive effort. Females bearing uneyed orange embryos predominated during all months in which ovigerous females were collected. Mean fecundity was 2379 eggs, ranging from 5 (7.55 mm CL) to 8300 (14.19 mm CL) eggs per female. About 71% of the variation in the number of eggs carried per female was explained by CL. The mean egg size correlated negatively with fecundity, indicating that large females ofA. australisproduce more and larger eggs than smaller females.
Appearance matters: sedimentation effects on different sponge morphologies
Authors: Pineda M. Carmen , Duckworth Alan , Webster Nicole 
Published: January 2015

Dredging activity poses an environmental risk to sponges as sediments from the dredge or disposal site may smother the sponge surface, potentially affecting water filtration and light penetration. Dredge-related sedimentation effects may also vary between sponge morphologies, potentially impacting community structure and functioning. To test this, 10 sponge species encompassing four different morphologies (massive, erect, cup and encrusting), were exposed to a single pulse treatment of three different sediment concentrations (0, 250 and 500 mg l−1) and followed over 2 weeks, in 1000 l tanks. Total suspended solids (TSS) and sedimentation rates (SR) were recorded throughout the study. A sharp decrease in TSS was recorded within the first 2–3 h and a total settlement of sediments occurred within the first 48 h of the pulse exposure (0, 8 and 16 mg cm−2in the control, medium and high sediment treatments, respectively). The effects of high sedimentation included mortality of cup-shapedCallyspongia confoederataand small areas of tissue necrosis in other species, with massive, encrusting and wide cup morphologies particularly affected. However, the sediment concentrations tested in this experiment did not cause changes in the concentration of sponge pigments or the structure of the symbiotic microbial community in any species. These results indicate that a single pulse of sediments less than 16 mg cm−2is not detrimental to most of the sponge species studied.
Lincoln and the “Necessity” of Tolerating Slavery before the Civil War
Authors: Danoff Brian 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn an unsent 1860 letter, Abraham Lincoln mocked Sidney Fisher's claim that the “institution [of slavery] is a necessity imposed on us by the negro race.” And yet, Lincoln himself had often said that while slavery was an evil, the founders had to tolerate it where it existed owing to “necessity.” This raises the questions: What kinds of arguments about slavery and “necessity” did Lincoln find legitimate, and what kinds did he find to be illegitimate? In Lincoln's view, what exactly was it that necessitated the toleration of slavery where it existed at the time of the founding and into the 1850s? Lincoln's answers to these questions depart from the answers offered by Fisher, Thomas Jefferson, and Henry Clay; this departure helped pave the way not only to Lincoln's later embrace of emancipation, but also his eventual movement toward the position that African-Americans would and should be full citizens.
The Uneasy Alliance between Consensus and Democracy
Authors: Vasilev George 
Published: January 2015

AbstractConsensus both serves and threatens democratic inclusion. On the one hand it provides the means for individuals to will in common. On the other hand, it can impose assimilatory pressures that marginalize perspectives at odds with the prevailing point of view. Agonists have responded to this tension with a call to abandon consensus-oriented politics, contending an adversarial democracy more credibly advances inclusionary and egalitarian goals. I argue this wholesale rejection of consensus is unsustainable from the very pluralist perspective agonists wish to promote. In place of the view of consensus as an unattainable and undesirable absolute, I put forward an understanding of it as a matter of degree. I contend this understanding better captures the complexity of human relations and allows us to distinguish the potential accomplishments of consensus from its potential hazards.