bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of dendritic cells, B cell and T cell subsets in Tasmanian devil lymphoid tissue; evidence for poor immune cell infiltration into devil facial tumors
Authors: Howson Lauren J. , Morris Katrina M. , Kobayashi Takumi , Tovar Cesar , Kreiss Alexandre , Papenfuss Anthony T. , Corcoran Lynn , Belov Katherine , Woods Gregory M. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTThe Tasmanian devil is under threat of extinction due to the transmissible devil facial tumor disease (DFTD). This fatal tumor is an allograft that does not induce an immune response, raising questions about the activity of Tasmanian devil immune cells. T and B cell analysis has been limited by a lack of antibodies, hence the need to produce such reagents. Amino acid sequence analysis revealed that CD4, CD8, IgM, and IgG were closely related to other marsupials. Monoclonal antibodies were produced against CD4, CD8, IgM, and IgG by generating bacterial fusion proteins. These, and commercial antibodies against CD1a and CD83, identified T cells, B cells and dendritic cells by immunohistochemistry. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were identified in pouch young thymus, adult lymph nodes, spleen, bronchus‐ and gut‐associated lymphoid tissue. Their anatomical distribution was characteristic of mammalian lymphoid tissues with more CD4+ than CD8+ cells in lymph nodes and splenic white pulp. IgM+ and IgG+ B cells were identified in adult lymph nodes, spleen, bronchus‐associated lymphoid tissue and gut‐associated lymphoid tissue, with more IgM+ than IgG+ cells. Dendritic cells were identified in lymph node, spleen and skin. This distribution is consistent with eutherian mammals and other marsupials, indicating they have the immune cell subsets for an anti‐tumor immunity. Devil facial tumor disease tumors contained more CD8+ than CD4+ cells, but in low numbers. There were also low numbers of CD1a+ and MHC class II+ cells, but no CD83+ IgM+ or IgG+ B cells, consistent with poor immune cell infiltration. Anat Rec, 297:925–938, 2014. © 2014 The Authors. The Anatomical Record: Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pilot Study for Reconstruction of Soft Tissues: Muscle Cross‐Sectional Area of the Forearm Estimated from Cortical Bone for a Neolithic Sample
Authors: Slizewski Astrid , Burger‐Heinrich Eva , Francken Michael , Wahl Joachim , Harvati Katerina 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTOn a basis of a method for muscle cross‐sectional area estimation from cortical bone area that was previously developed (Slizewski et al. Anat Rec 2013; 296:1695–1707), we reconstructed muscle cross‐sectional area at 65% of radius length for a sample of Neolithic human remains from the Linear Pottery Culture (ca. 5,700–4,900 years BC). Muscle cross‐sectional area estimations for the Neolithic sample were compared toin vivomeasurements from a recent human sample. Results demonstrate that the Neolithic individuals had larger muscle cross‐sectional area relative to radius length than the contemporary humans and that their forearms were more muscular and robust. We also found significant differences in relative muscle cross‐sectional area between Neolithic and recent children that indicate different levels of physical stress and isometric activities. Our results fit into the framework of studies previously published about the sample and the Linear Pottery Culture. Therefore, the new approach was successfully applied to an archaeological sample for the first time here. Results of our pilot study indicate that muscle cross‐sectional area estimation could in the future supplement other anthropological methods currently in use for the analysis of postcranial remains. Anat Rec, 297:1103–1114, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Anatomy and Ontogeny of the Head, Neck, Pectoral, and Upper Limb Muscles of Lemur catta and Propithecus coquereli (Primates): Discussion on the Parallelism Between Ontogeny and Phylogeny and Implications for Evolutionary and Developmental Biology
Authors: Diogo Rui , Molnar Julia L. , Smith Timothy D. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTMost anatomical studies of primates focus on skeletal tissues, but muscular anatomy can provide valuable information about phylogeny, functional specializations, and evolution. Herein, we present the first detailed description of the head, neck, pectoral, and upper limb muscles of the fetal lemuriforms Lemur catta (Lemuridae) and Propithecus coquereli (Indriidae). These two species belong to the suborder Strepsirrhini, which is often presumed to possess some plesiomorphic anatomical features within primates. We compare the muscular anatomy of the fetuses with that of infants and adults and discuss the evolutionary and developmental implications. The fetal anatomy reflects a phylogenetically more plesiomorphic condition in nine of the muscles we studied and a more derived condition in only two, supporting a parallel between ontogeny and phylogeny. The derived exceptions concern muscles with additional insertions in the fetus which are lost in adults of the same species, that is, flexor carpi radialis inserts on metacarpal III and levator claviculae inserts on the clavicle. Interestingly, these two muscles are involved in movements of the pectoral girdle and upper limb, which are mainly important for activities in later stages of life, such as locomotion and prey capture, rather than activities in fetal life. Accordingly, our findings suggest that some exceptions to the “ontogeny parallels phylogeny” rule are probably driven more by ontogenetic constraints than by adaptive plasticity. Anat Rec, 297:1435–1453, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Antidepressant Tranylcypromine Alters Cellular Proliferation and Migration in the Adult Goldfish Brain
Authors: Romanczyk Tara B. , Jacobowitz David M. , Pollard Harvey B. , Wu Xingjia , Anders Juanita J. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTThe goldfish (Carassius auratus) is a widely studied vertebrate model organism for studying cell proliferation in the adult brain, and provide the experimental advantage of growing their body and brain throughout their ∼30‐year life time. Cell proliferation occurs in the teleost brain in widespread proliferation zones. Increased cell proliferation in the brain has been linked to the actions of certain antidepressants, including tranylcypromine (TCP), which is used in the treatment of depression. We hypothesized that proliferation zones in the adult goldfish brain can be used to determine the antidepressant effects on cellular proliferation. Here, we report that bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling over a 24‐hr period can be used to rapidly identify the proliferation zones throughout the goldfish brain, including the telencephalon, diencephalon, optic tectal lobes, cerebellum, and facial and vagal lobes. In the first 24 hr of BrdU administration, TCP caused an approximate and significant doubling of labeled cells in the combined brain regions examined, as detected by BrdU immunohistochemistry. TCP caused the greatest increase in cell proliferation in the cerebellum. The normal migratory paths of the proliferating cells within the cerebellum were not affected by TCP treatment. These results indicate that the goldfish provide significant advantages as a vertebrate model for rapidly investigating the effects of antidepressant drugs on cellular proliferation and migration in the normal and injured brain. Anat Rec, 297:1919–1926, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Compliance and use of the World Health Organization checklist in UK operating theatres
Authors: Pickering S P , Robertson E R , Griffin D , Hadi M , Morgan L J , Catchpole K C , New S , Collins G , McCulloch P 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Background
The World Health Organization (WHO) Surgical Safety Checklist is reported to reduce surgical morbidity and mortality, and is mandatory in the UK National Health Service. Hospital audit data show high compliance rates, but direct observation suggests that actual performance may be suboptimal.

Methods
For each observed operation, WHO time-out and sign-out attempts were recorded, and the quality of the time-out was evaluated using three measures: all information points communicated, all personnel present and active participation.

Results
Observation of WHO checklist performance was conducted for 294 operations, in five hospitals and four surgical specialties. Time-out was attempted in 257 operations (87·4 per cent) and sign-out in 26 (8·8 per cent). Within time-out, all information was communicated in 141 (54·9 per cent), the whole team was present in 199 (77·4 per cent) and active participation was observed in 187 (72·8 per cent) operations. Surgical specialty did not affect time-out or sign-out attempt frequency (P = 0·453). Time-out attempt frequency (range 42–100 per cent) as well as all information communicated (15–83 per cent), all team present (35–90 per cent) and active participation (15–93 per cent) varied between hospitals (P &lt; 0·001 for all).

Conclusion
Meaningful compliance with the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist is much lower than indicated by administrative data. Sign-out compliance is generally poor, suggesting incompatibility with normal theatre work practices. There is variation between hospitals, but consistency across studied specialties, suggesting a need to address organizational culture issues.
PARP1 enhances inflammatory cytokine expression by alteration of promoter chromatin structure in microglia
Authors: Martínez‐Zamudio Ricardo Iván , Ha Hyo Chol 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundPoly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is a chromatin‐associated enzyme that participates in processes such as transcription and DNA repair through the regulation of chromatin structure. Accumulating evidence suggests an important role for PARP1 enzymatic activity in promoting CNS inflammation by facilitating the expression of inflammatory cytokines in glial cells. However, the molecular mechanisms by which PARP1 enzymatic activity mediates this process are not well understood. In this report we sought to determine the molecular mechanisms by which PARP1 enzymatic activity facilitates the expression of Il1β and TNF in LPS‐stimulated BV2 cells.MethodsPARP1 enzymatic activity and histone ADP‐ribosylation were measured in LPS‐stimulated BV2 cells by radioactive labelling with 32P‐NAD+. To assess the effect of histone ADP‐ribosylation on nucleosome structure, in vitro nucleosome remodeling, nuclease accessibility and binding assays were performed. These studies were complemented by chromatin immunoprecipitation assays in resting and LPS‐stimulated BV2 cells in order to determine the occupancy of PARP1, nucleosomes and the RelA subunit of NF‐κB, as well as ADP‐ribosylation, at the Il1β and Tnf promoters. Finally, we determined the effect of pharmacological inhibition of PARP1 enzymatic activity on the LPS stimulation‐dependent induction of Il1β and Tnf mRNA.ResultsOur results indicate that LPS stimulation induces PARP1 enzymatic activity and histone ADP‐ribosylation in the chromatin compartment of BV2 cells. In vitro studies show that nucleosome‐bound PARP1 disrupts nucleosome structure histone ADP‐ribosylation, increasing the accessibility of nucleosomal DNA. Consistent with this PARP1 is constitutively associated with at the Il1β and Tnf promoters in resting BV2 cells. Upon stimulation with LPS, ADP‐ribosylation is observed at these promoters, and this is correlated with increased recruitment of the transcription factor NF‐κB, resulting in robust transcription of these inflammatory cytokines. Accordingly, pharmacological inhibition of PARP1 enzymatic activity reduces NF‐κB recruitment, and Il1β and Tnf expression in LPS‐stimulated microglia.ConclusionsCollectively, our data suggest that PARP1 facilitates inflammatory cytokine expression in microglia by increasing the accessibility of promoter DNA via histone ADP‐riboyslation.
Racial differences in physical activity among breast cancer survivors: Implications for breast cancer care
Authors: Hair Brionna Y. , Hayes Sandi , Tse Chiu‐Kit , Bell Mary Beth , Olshan Andrew F. 
Published: June 2014

BACKGROUNDPhysical activity after breast cancer diagnosis is associated with improved survival. The current study examined levels of and changes in physical activity after breast cancer diagnosis, overall and by race.METHODSPhase 3 of the Carolina Breast Cancer Study assessed both pre‐ and postdiagnosis physical activity levels in a cohort of 1735 women aged 20 years to 74 years who were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer between 2008 and 2011 in 44 counties of North Carolina. Logistic regression and analysis of variance were used to examine whether demographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics were associated with activity levels.RESULTSOnly 35% of study participants met current physical activity guidelines after diagnosis with breast cancer. A decrease in activity after diagnosis was reported by 59% of patients, with the average study participant reducing their activity by 15 metabolic equivalent task (MET) hours (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 12 MET hours‐19 MET hours). After adjustment for potential confounders, when compared with white women, African American women were less likely to meet national physical activity guidelines after diagnosis (odds ratio, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.01‐1.88) and reported less weekly postdiagnosis physical activity (12 MET hours vs 14 MET hours; P = .13). In adjusted stratified analyses, receipt of treatment was found to be significantly associated with postdiagnosis activity in African American women (P < 0.01).CONCLUSIONSDespite compelling evidence demonstrating the benefits of physical activity after a diagnosis of breast cancer, it is clear that more work needs to be done to promote physical activity in patients with breast cancer, especially among African American women. Cancer 2014;120:2174–2182. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Thyroid fine‐needle aspiration cytology: Performance data of neoplastic and malignant cases as identified from 1558 responses in the ASCP Non‐GYN Assessment program thyroid fine‐needle performance data
Authors: Eilers Stan G. , LaPolice Paula , Mukunyadzi Perkins , Kapur Umesh , Wendel Spiczka Amy , Shah Ajay , Saleh Husain , Adeniran Adebowale , Nunez Amberly , Balachandran Indra , Clark Jennifer J. , Lemon Larry 
Published: June 2014

BACKGROUNDFine‐needle aspiration of the thyroid is a common procedure, with an established role in reducing unnecessary thyroid surgery and identifying neoplasms and malignancies.METHODSThe study evaluated 1558 responses in the American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP) Non‐GYN Assessment program of aspirates of thyroid neoplasms and malignancies and placed them into the following groups: group A (target or correct interpretation), group B (incorrect interpretation as a benign thyroid nodule), group C (incorrect interpretation malignant aspirate as thyroid neoplasm), and group D (malignant diagnosis with incorrect interpretation). In clinical practice, responses in groups A, C, and D would lead to surgical excision, whereas responses in group B would not.RESULTSOf a total of 1558 responses, 78.5% of the responses were in group A, 8.5% in group B, 3.75% in group C, and 9.25% in group D. By individual diagnosis, the group rates were 86.5%, 0%, 11%, and 2.5% for anaplastic thyroid carcinoma; 83%, 5.5%, 4.25%, and 7.25% for papillary thyroid carcinoma; 79%, 7%, 6%, and 8% for medullary thyroid carcinoma; 83.5% 6.75%, 0%, and 9.75% for Hürthle cell neoplasm; and 61%, 22%, 0%, and 17% for follicular neoplasm in groups A, B, C, and D respectively.CONCLUSIONSFine‐needle aspiration was effective in diagnosing thyroid neoplasms and malignancies and in separating thyroid nodules into surgical and nonsurgical categories. Data from a large group of cytology professionals showed good performance; however, there is room for improvement, especially in making specific diagnoses. In particular, follicular neoplasm and follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma were challenging diagnoses for participants. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2014;122:745–750. © 2014 The Authors. Cancer Cytopathology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Cancer Society.
Modelling of battery‐powered boost DC–DC power LED driver with parasitics by multivariate power series expansion
Authors: Rudziński Adam 
Published: June 2014

SummaryThis paper presents an analytic model of a battery‐powered boost DC–DC converter driving a power light emitting diode. The model is capable of taking into account parasitic components, including series resistances, parasitic capacitances and inductances. Unlike the standard approach to the converter modelling, the discussed model does not require any assumptions concerning current and voltage waveforms. It is based on power series expansion in normalized values of the parasitic components, leading to expressions comprising only physical parameters of the circuit. First‐order corrections are derived and illustrated in this paper. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interactions between glia, the immune system and pain processes during early development
Authors: Barr Gordon A. , Hunter Deirtra A. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTPain is a serious problem for infants and children and treatment options are limited. Moreover, infants born prematurely or hospitalized for illness likely have concurrent infection that activates the immune system. It is now recognized that the immune system in general and glia in particular influence neurotransmission and that the neural bases of pain are intimately connected to immune function. We know that injuries that induce pain activate immune function and suppressing the immune system alleviates pain. Despite this advance in our understanding, virtually nothing is known of the role that the immune system plays in pain processing in infants and children, even though pain is a serious clinical issue in pediatric medicine. This brief review summarizes the existing data on immune‐neural interactions in infants, providing evidence for the immaturity of these interactions. © 2014Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 1698–1710, 2014.
Study on the use of 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane and 3‐chloropropyltriethoxysilane to surface biochemical modification of a novel low elastic modulus Ti–Nb–Hf alloy
Authors: Paredes V. , Salvagni E. , Rodríguez‐Castellon E. , Gil F. J. , Manero J. M. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA biocompatible new titanium alloy Ti–16Hf–25Nb with low elastic modulus (45 GPa) and the use of short bioadhesive peptides derived from the extracellular matrix have been studied. In terms of cell adhesion, a comparative study with mixtures of short peptides as RGD (Arg‐Gly‐Asp)/PHSRN (Pro‐His‐Ser‐Arg‐Asn) and RGD (Arg‐Gly‐Asp)/FHRRIKA (Phe‐His‐Arg‐Arg‐Ile‐Lys‐Ala) have been carried out with rat mesenchymal cells. The effect of these mixtures of short peptides have already been studied but there are no comparative studies between them. Despite the wide variety of silane precursors available for surface modification in pure titanium, the majority of studies have used aminosilanes, in particular 3‐minopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). Nevertheless, the 3‐chloropropyltriethoxysilane (CPTES) is, recently, proposed by other authors. Unlike APTES, CPTES does not require an activation step and offers the potential to directly bind the nucleophilic groups present on the biomolecule (e.g., amines or thiols). Since the chemical surface composition of this new alloy could be different to that pure titanium, both organosilanes have been compared and characterized by means of a complete surface characterization using contact angle goniometry and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B:495–502, 2015.
A Prospective Study of Suicidal Ideation in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: The Role of Perceptions of Defeat and Entrapment
Authors: Panagioti Maria , Gooding Patricia A. , Tarrier Nicholas 
Published: June 2014

ObjectivesThis study aimed to provide the first prospective test of the ability of defeat and entrapment to predict suicidal ideation in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after controlling for the effects of PTSD severity, comorbid depressive symptoms, and hopelessness on suicidal ideation.MethodsParticipants were 52 individuals diagnosed with PTSD. Baseline and follow‐up assessments were 13 to 15 months apart. Defeat and entrapment were conceptualized and analyzed as a unique construct (defeat/entrapment) in this study. Multiple regression analysis was applied to examine the predictive effects of defeat/entrapment on suicidal ideation.ResultsDefeat/entrapment scores predicted changes in the levels of suicidal ideation at follow‐up while controlling for baseline suicidal ideation, PTSD severity, comorbid depressive symptoms, and hopelessness.ConclusionsThese outcomes provide support to contemporary models of suicidality that suggest that defeat/entrapment is a strong predictor of suicidality in PTSD.
Sorafenib/Regorafenib and Lapatinib Interact to kill CNS Tumor Cells
Authors: Hamed Hossein A. , Tavallai Seyedmehrad , Grant Steven , Poklepovic Andrew , Dent Paul 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe present studies were to determine whether the multi‐kinase inhibitor sorafenib or its derivative regorafenib interacted with the ERBB1/ERBB2 inhibitor lapatinib to kill CNS tumor cells. In multiple CNS tumor cell types sorafenib and lapatinib interacted in a greater than additive fashion to cause tumor cell death. Tumor cells lacking PTEN, and anoikis or lapatinib resistant cells were as sensitive to the drug combination as cells expressing PTEN or parental cells, respectively. Similar data were obtained using regorafenib. Treatment of brain cancer cells with [sorafenib + lapatinib] enhanced radiation toxicity. The drug combination increased the numbers of LC3‐GFP vesicles; this correlated with a reduction in endogenous LC3II, and p62 and LAMP2 degradation. Knock down of Beclin1 or ATG5 significantly suppressed drug combination lethality. Expression of c‐FLIP‐s, BCL‐XL, or dominant negative caspase 9 reduced drug combination toxicity; knock down of FADD or CD95 was protective. Expression of both activated AKT and activated MEK1 or activated mTOR was required to strongly suppress drug combination lethality. As both lapatinib and sorafenib are FDA approved agents, our data argue for further determination as to whether lapatinib and sorafenib is a useful glioblastoma therapy. J. Cell. Physiol. 230: 131–139, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Estimation of regional sheep abundance based on group sizes
Authors: Conroy Michael J. , Henry Robert S. , Harris Grant 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTWe used sightability models with aerial counts to estimate regional abundance of desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) in southwestern Arizona during 1992–2012. Because of incomplete spatial and temporal coverage of surveys, we integrated sightability estimates using Bayesian state‐space models. Although some game management units (GMUs) exhibited negative average growth rates during this period, temporal variability in growth was large. The combination of temporal variability and statistical uncertainty in the sightability estimates led to the selection of a regional model having zero mean growth from initial abundance. Hence, the model indicated a relatively stable population of desert bighorn sheep in southern Arizona, beginning with approximately 2,900 bighorn sheep in 1992 to the current number of approximately 2,300 sheep (2012). Our method provides statistically valid estimates of overall regional abundance not otherwise possible given the incomplete spatial coverage of surveys. Additionally, results have implications for other studies, common in wildlife management, where managers seek to integrate information across surveys with partial time‐series. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.