bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of positive vs negative forces on the burnout-commitment-turnover relationship
Authors: Chen Ching-Fu , Yu Ting 
Published: May 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine relationships among job demands, job resources, burnout, organizational commitment, and staff turnover intentions in a volunteer workforce setting.Design/methodology/approach– To test empirically the positive and negative forces on the burnout – commitment – turnover relationship, this study uses 190 questionnaires collected from museum volunteers who also hold paid service jobs. The data were analysed using structural equation modelling.Findings– Consistent with previous studies, both job demands and job resources have significant impacts on burnout. Job resources have positive significant impact on organizational commitment. Both burnout and organizational commitment have significant impacts on volunteers’ turnover intentions.Research limitations/implications– An integrated understanding would require different theoretical approaches to volunteering in various settings to determine cross-influences. Moderator analyses might clarify the predictability of job demands and resources. A multilevel research design would provide further insights.Practical implications– To retain their volunteer workforce, firms should grant volunteers sufficient autonomy and allow them to determine their work processes, which not only reduces burnout but also satisfies psychological control needs. Constructive feedback from colleagues offers better organizational support to volunteers.Originality/value– This study identifies and empirically tests key indicators of job demands and job resources for volunteers who also hold paid jobs. It helps explain inconsistent reports of the burnout – organizational commitment link by raising the possibility that it is context specific rather than generic.
The voice-to-technology (V2T) encounter and the call centre servicescape
Authors: P.W. Ellway Benjamin 
Published: May 2014

Purpose– Because the voice-to-technology (V2T) encounter remains under-theorised, the purpose of this paper is to overcome this gap by investigating customers use of the interactive voice response (IVR) system and “the customer journey” through the call centre service system.Design/methodology/approach– From an interpretive study of a UK call centre, the metaphorical aspects of language used to represent the service process are analysed, accompanied by an examination of how the servicescape dimensions of spatial layout and signs are constituted in the call centre service process, and the resulting implications for virtual-aural navigation.Findings– Despite no physical movement, customers represent their experience of navigating “through” the service process in spatial terms. Therefore, understanding precisely how servicescape dimensions are reconfigured within the virtual-aural setting of the call centre is necessary to appreciate customer experience of V2T but also voice-to-voice (V2V) encounters. The call centre servicescape lacks a spatial representation of layout and signs that would conventionally support navigation and purposeful movement.Research limitations/implications– Despite observing live calls, direct interaction with customers was not possible. The paper was based upon a single case study, and the hermeneutic focus on understanding and meaning meant that the study did not emphasise the quantification of phenomenon. Therefore, further research on virtual navigation is required.Practical implications– Problematic V2T encounters compromise the quality and efficiency of service provision. A visual representation of the IVR system may possibly support V2T encounters, while encouraging customer service advisors to act as “guides” during V2V encounters may reduce problems emerging from V2T encounters.Originality/value– First, an original theorisation of the customer experience of the V2T encounter is provided through the theoretical notion of spatialisation metaphors. Second, a preliminary conceptualisation of the call centre servicescape is developed, which shows how spatial layout and signs are reconfigured and represented in this virtual-aural setting.
Show you care: initiating co-creation in service recovery
Authors: Xu Yingzi , Marshall Roger , Edvardsson Bo , Tronvoll Bård 
Published: May 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore the underlying mechanism of customer co-creation in service recovery (co-recovery), and investigates the impact of initiation on customer post-recovery evaluations and behavioural intentions.Design/methodology/approach– Researchers used a 3 (no co-recovery vs employee-initiated co-recovery vs customer-initiated co-recovery)×2 (male vs female)×2 (western vs eastern customers) between-subject experiential study in a hotel setting.Findings– When a service employee initiates a co-recovery, customers perceive higher justice, greater satisfaction and a higher tendency to repurchase in the future. But if the customer initiates such a co-recovery, little improvement on these outcomes is found compared to a recovery entirely managed by the company. The effect was moderated by culture: western customers were more sensitive to initiation in the co-recovery process than eastern customers.Research limitations/implications– Written scenarios using a hotel setting and a technical error were used, and may reduce the applicability of the findings to real life or other service categories or types of error. Subjects used may not be representative of other population groups. Further studies using real life situations, human error and a more diverse population group are recommended.Practical implications– A positive co-recovery can be achieved by service employees taking initiatives when a problem occurs.Originality/value– This study extends previous research on co-recovery by investigating the effect of initiation by service employees on customers’ perception of co-creation. Service companies can improve customers’ post-recovery evaluations by inviting them to co-create a feasible solution, and potentially reduce the company's compensation costs.
A new method for Arabic/Farsi numeral data set size reduction via modified frequency diagram matching
Authors: Amin Shayegan Mohammad , Aghabozorgi Saeed 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– Pattern recognition systems often have to handle problem of large volume of training data sets including duplicate and similar training samples. This problem leads to large memory requirement for saving and processing data, and the time complexity for training algorithms. The purpose of the paper is to reduce the volume of training part of a data set – in order to increase the system speed, without any significant decrease in system accuracy.

Design/methodology/approach
– A new technique for data set size reduction – using a version of modified frequency diagram approach – is presented. In order to reduce processing time, the proposed method compares the samples of a class to other samples in the same class, instead of comparing samples from different classes. It only removes patterns that are similar to the generated class template in each class. To achieve this aim, no feature extraction operation was carried out, in order to produce more precise assessment on the proposed data size reduction technique.

Findings
– The results from the experiments, and according to one of the biggest handwritten numeral standard optical character recognition (OCR) data sets, Hoda, show a 14.88 percent decrease in data set volume without significant decrease in performance.

Practical implications
– The proposed technique is effective for size reduction for all pictorial databases such as OCR data sets.

Originality/value
– State-of-the-art algorithms currently used for data set size reduction usually remove samples near to class's centers, or support vector (SV) samples between different classes. However, the samples near to a class center have valuable information about class characteristics, and they are necessary to build a system model. Also, SV s are important samples to evaluate the system efficiency. The proposed technique, unlike the other available methods, keeps both outlier samples, as well as the samples close to the class centers.
A GM(1,N)-based economic cybernetics model for the high-tech industries in China
Authors: Wang Zheng-Xin 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to propose an economic cybernetics model based on the grey differential equation GM(1,N) for China's high-tech industries and provide the necessary support to assist high-tech industries management departments with their policy making.

Design/methodology/approach
– Based on the principle of grey differential equation GM(1,N), the grey differential equations of five high-tech industries in China are established using the net fixed assets, labor quantity and patent application quantity as cybernetics variables. After the discretization and first-order subtraction reduction to the simultaneous equation of the five grey models, a linear cybernetics model is resulted in. The structure parameters in the cybernetics system show explicit economic significance and can be identified through least square principle. At last, the actual data in 2004-2010 are introduced to empirically analyze the high-tech industrial system in China.

Findings
– The cybernetics system for China's high-tech industries are stable, observable, and controllable. On the whole, China's high-tech industries show higher output coefficients of the patent application quantity than those of net fixed assets and labor quantity. This suggests that China's industry development mainly depends on technological innovation rather than capital or labor inputs. It is expected that the total output value of China's high-tech industries will grow at an average annual rate of 15 percent in 2011-2015, with contributions of pharmaceuticals, aircraft and spacecraft, electronic and telecommunication equipments, computers and office equipments, medical equipments and meters by 21, 16, 13, 10, and 28 percent, respectively. In addition, pharmaceuticals, as well as medical equipments and meters, present upward proportions in the gross of Chinese high-tech industries significantly. Electronic and telecommunication equipments, plus computers and office equipments exhibit an obvious decreasing proportion. The proportion of the output value of aircraft and spacecraft is basically stable.

Practical implications
– Empirical analysis results are helpful for related management departments to formulate reasonable industrial policies to keep the sustained and stable development of the high-tech industries in China.

Originality/value
– Based on the grey differential equation GM(1,N), this research puts forward an economic cybernetics model for the high-tech industries in China. This model is applicable to the economic system with small sample data set.
A new information security risk analysis method based on membership degree
Authors: Chen Jiqiang , Pedrycz Witold , Ma Litao , Wang Chao 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– In a risk analysis system, different underlying indices often play different roles in identifying the risk scale of the total target in a system, so a concept of discriminatory weight is introduced first. With the help of discriminatory weight and membership functions, a new method for information security risk analysis is proposed. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the above issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– First, a concept of discriminatory weight is introduced. Second, with the help of fuzzy sets, risk scales are captured in terms of fuzzy sets (namely their membership functions). Third, a new risk analysis method involving discriminatory weights is proposed to realize a transformation from the membership degrees of the underlying indices to the membership degrees of the total target. At last, an example of information security risk analysis shows the effectiveness and feasibleness of the new method.

Findings
– The new method generalizes the weighted-average method. The comparative analysis done with respect to other two methods show that the proposed method exhibits higher classification accuracy. Therefore, the proposed method can be applied to other risk analysis system with a hierarchial.

Originality/value
– This paper proposes a new method for information security risk analysis with the help of membership functions and the concept of discriminatory weight. The new method generalizes the weighted-average method. Comparative analysis done with respect to other two methods show that the proposed method exhibits higher classification accuracy in E-government information security system. What is more, the proposed method can be applied to other risk analysis system with a hierarchial.
Cascade defense in urban road network by inserting modular topologies
Authors: Zou Zhiyun , Wu Jinlong , Gao Jianzhi , Xu Xuecai 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– By aiming at defending cascade failures effectively, the purpose of this paper is to present a strategy of inserting modular topologies into urban road network through reducing the burdens of critical components with too much traffic flow.

Design/methodology/approach
– Each module is considered as a small-world random network, which is inserted into the initial Barabási-Albert scale-free network. Based on the user-equilibrium assignment, the strategy searches for remote nodes with low betweeness and flow in the network, and sets these nodes to be connected with the modular topologies. In this sense, the inserted modules are supposed to attach to the nodes with lower intensity of shorter path, and avoid bringing more impact to the nodes with higher betweeness and traffic flow. By using efficiency as the measurement of cascading failures, the performance of the networks generated through the strategy is tested.

Findings
– The results show that the performance of the strategy is sensitive to the average degree of the inserted modular, and the modular size with a better effect on reducing the size of cascading failures or delaying the time of breakdown, while the other factors (e.g. the rewired probability) present few differences among various values. Meanwhile, it is found that the importance-based attachment mechanism has a better effect on preventing the cascading failures, especially delaying the step time of the larger reduction.

Practical implications
– The strategy aims at alleviating the burdens in critical components to prevent the cascading failures of the network, and provides practical guidance on the decision of the urban road network evolving process.

Originality/value
– An effective strategy for cascade defense in urban road network is proposed in this paper.
Integrating care: the experience of a US healthcare organization
Authors: Coniglio Ray , M. Caputo Lisa , D. Sanddal Nels , Salottolo Kristin , Sabin Margaret , W. Bourg Pamela , W. Mains Charles 
Published: May 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to describe an American healthcare organization's experience creating the first multi-facility trauma system managed by a private, nonprofit organization.Design/methodology/approach– A leadership structure was established to initiate the first steps of system development, followed by needs assessments that identified key components essential to creating the interconnected system. The key components were applied as a result of evidence-based system development. After system implementation, early benefits were explored.Findings– Data collection and research, prehospital support, system-wide quality improvement, rural outreach, communication, and system evaluation were identified as key components essential to creating an interconnected trauma system. The system currently connects 12 trauma centers throughout the state of Colorado while working within the parameters of an established statewide system. Early benefits included improved designation review results, the utilization of system-wide best practice protocols, a rich trauma registry, and closer relations with rural, out-of-network facilities.Practical implications– This study describes the process undertaken to implement a unique medical system that provides regionalized care and complements an existing statewide trauma system. The authors hope their experience may serve as a roadmap for healthcare professionals wishing to develop an integrated, patient-centered model of care.Originality/value– The development of this multi-facility trauma system within a private, not-for-profit healthcare organization is the first of its kind.
Land take in the Italian Alps
Authors: Salata Stefano 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– Land use change in the Alpine Regions is dominated by two main factors: a process of re-naturalization and a process of expansion for settlements with the relevant occupation of low-valley areas. The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of land take measures in the Lombardy Alpine context and the recent proposals of spatial planning instruments for land resource management. New solutions to limit soil sealing have to be confronted with qualitative proposals at local scale.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper collects different research outputs regarding land take in the Italian Alpine context and carried out by GIS software and tries to show the new methodologies available for limiting and mitigating soil sealing, in accordance with DIAMONT aims.

Findings
– The paper argues that the data are now available to analyze the problem and new operative methods have to be settled in the recent context of European Union (Soil Sealing Guidelines) to support decision making in planning, suggesting land use allocation and possible ecological compensation.

Research limitations/implications
– The new qualitative decision models have to be assessed for a better ecological integration in supporting land use decisions.

Practical implications
– An evaluation of land take at local scale caused by land use changes is a good support in the decision-making process of planning.

Originality/value
– In this paper a method based on a local scale is reported, which can be used for the specific assessment of land take in order to support land-use decisions.
Creating a culture of employability in mental health
Authors: Boycott Naomi , Schneider Justine , Osborne Michael 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to draw out the lessons learned from the implementation of the Individual Placement and Support (IPS) approach to supported employment in two contrasting adult mental health teams; one “standard” CMHT, and one early intervention in psychosis (EIP) team.

Design/methodology/approach
– These inferences are based on the evidence from a four-year study of IPS in one mental health care provider in the UK, which began by setting up a new service, and went on to run a RCT looking at the impact of psychological input as an adjunct to IPS alone.

Findings
– In attempting to introduce IPS to mental health teams in Nottingham the authors came across numerous barriers, including service reorganisation, funding cuts and the wider context of recession. Differences were observed between mental health teams in the willingness to embrace IPS. The authors argue that this variability is due to differences in caseload size, recovery priorities and client profiles. The authors have learnt that perseverance, strenuous efforts to engage clinical staff and the use of IPS fidelity reviews can make a positive difference to the implementation process.

Practical implications
– The experience suggests that setting up an IPS service is possible even in the most challenging of times, and that EIP services may be a particularly fertile ground for this approach. The authors also discuss potential barriers to implementing new services in mental health teams.

Originality/value
– This paper will be of value to service development and the science of implementation in mental health.
The tunnelling and electron injection reliabilities for FG transistors
Authors: C. Mabuza Bongani , Sinha Saurabh 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper was to present the results of the three types of FG transistors that were investigated. The reliability issues of oxide thickness due to programming, fabrication defects and process variation may cause leakage currents and thus charge retention failure in the floating gate (FG).

Design/methodology/approach
– The tunnelling and electron injection methods were applied to program FG devices of different lengths (180 and 350 nm) and coupling capacitor sizes. The drain current and threshold voltage changes were determined for both gate and drain voltage sweep. The devices were fabricated using IBM 130 nm process technology.

Findings
– Current leakages are increasing with device scaling and reducing the charge retention time. During programming, charge traps may occur in the oxide and prevent further programming. Thus, the dominant factors are the reliability of oxide thickness to avoid charge traps and prevent current/charge leakages in the FG devices. The capacitive coupling (between the tunnelling and electron injection capacitors) may contribute to other reliability issues if not properly considered.

Originality/value
– Although the results have raised further research questions, as revealed by certain reliability issues, they have shown that the use of FGs with nanoscale technology is promising and may be suitable for memory and switching applications.
The effect of microwave radiation on polyvinyl chloride-graphite thick film resistors
Authors: Venkatasubrahmanayam Kandagaddla , Ram Babu Busi , Poornaiah Billa , Srinivasa Rao Yarravarapu 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to study the microwave interactions in polymer thick film resistors, namely, polyvinyl chloride (PVC)-graphite thick film resistors, and its applications in trimming of these resistors.

Design/methodology/approach
– We applied microwave radiation in the form of pulses of various pulse durations and with different powers to polymer thick film resistors and observed the variation of resistance of these resistors with microwave radiation.

Findings
– The paper finds that microwave radiation can be used for trimming of polymer thick film resistors.

Research limitations/implications
– The research implication of this paper is that polymer thick film resistors can be trimmed practically using this method.

Practical implications
– The practical implication of this paper is that we can trim the polymer thick film resistors, namely, PVC-graphite thick film resistor, by using this method.

Originality/value
– The value of the paper is in showing that microwave radiation can be used to trim downwards in the case of high-value resistors and trim upwards in the case of low-value resistors.