bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Precision treatment paradigm: Genomic features and therapeutic implications in mesenchymal‐epithelial transition‐amplified gastric cancer
Authors: Yu Yiyi , Zhang Zhening , Zhu Mengxuan , Shan Yu , Wang Yan , Wei Li , Huang Xuan , Sun Debin , Peng Zhao , Liu Tianshu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundDespite advances in treatments for gastric cancer (GC), new targets are needed to enhance treatment, especially when mesenchymal‐epithelial transition (MET) amplification is involved. Therefore, we investigated the genomic features of MET‐amplified GC and efficacy of anti‐MET therapy.MethodsGenomic features were investigated in 2284 patients (cohort 1) and 438 patients in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA cohort). RNA data were obtained from TCGA for expression analysis. Clinical responses of 71 patients (cohort 2) were investigated. Survival rates were compared by Kaplan–Meier and log‐rank tests.ResultsIn cohort 1, 95 (4.2%) exhibited MET amplifications. In TCGA cohort, 15 (3.4%) exhibited MET amplifications. The five top mutated genes were TP53, CDH1, ARID1A, KMT2D and PIK3CA in cohort 1 and TTN, TP53, MUC16, LRP1B and SYNE1 in TCGA cohort. TP53, PIK3CA, KRAS and GNAS showed significant single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in cohort 1, and TP53 SNVs were significant in TCGA cohort. Fifteen and 18 genes showed significant copy number variations (CNVs) between the MET‐ and non‐MET‐amplified groups in cohort 1 and TCGA cohort, respectively. The PI3K pathway was significantly activated in Chinese patients with MET‐amplified GC (p = 0.002). TP53 expression is negatively associated with MET amplification. Real‐world data obtained with cohort 2 revealed that anti‐MET treatment significantly affected overall survival (OS) (p = 0.002), whereas CNVs did not affect progression‐free or OS even when treatment lines were considered.ConclusionsMET‐amplified GC has a distinctive mutation landscape. Our findings provide valuable information for clinicians who treat patients with MET‐amplified GC.
A two‐phase volume of fluid approach to model rigid‐perfectly plastic granular materials
Authors: Düsterhöft‐Wriggers W. , Schubert S. , Rung T. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGranular flow problems characterized by large deformations are widespread in various applications, including coastal and geotechnical engineering. The paper deals with the application of a rigid‐perfectly plastic two‐phase model extended by the Drucker–Prager yield criterion to simulate granular media with a finite volume flow solver (FV). The model refers to the combination of a Bingham fluid and an Eulerian strain measure to assess the failure region of granular dam slides. A monolithic volume‐of‐fluid (VoF) method is used to distinguish between the air and granular phases, both governed by the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. The numerical framework enables modeling of large displacements and arbitrary shapes for large‐scale applications. The displayed validation and verification focuses on the rigid‐perfectly plastic material model for noncohesive and cohesive materials with varying angles of repose. Results indicate a good agreement of the predicted soil surface and strain results with experimental and numerical data.
Forecasting sovereign CDS spreads with a regime‐switching combination method
Authors: Li Jianping , Feng Qianqian , Hao Jun , Sun Xiaolei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWith the growing importance of the sovereign credit default swap (CDS) market, accurate forecasting of sovereign CDS spreads has gained significant attention. In view of the complex volatility in the series of sovereign CDS spreads, this study presents a novel combination forecasting framework, which introduces time‐varying weights to effectively combine diverse individual models. To identify optimal subsets of models, a mutual information approach is employed, while the regime‐switching method is utilized to integrate the selected models. The proposed method's efficacy is validated using data from 65 countries. Empirical findings underscore the superiority of the proposed approach over benchmark models in terms of both horizontal and directional prediction accuracy, particularly when the sovereign CDS data exhibits a balanced distribution between high and low volatility regimes.
A double‐blind, randomized control trial to investigate the therapeutic potential of garlic scapes for high apoprotein E levels in a high‐Fat diet‐induced hypercholesteremic rat model
Authors: Itrat Nizwa , Nisa Mahr un , Al‐Asmari Fahad , Ramadan Mohamed Fawzy , Zongo Eliasse 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHypercholesteremia is the main contributor to metabolic diseases, including obesity, hypertension, and diabetes, which are the primary global sources of morbidity and death rates. Garlic scapes, a member of the Allium sativum family and a rich source of antioxidants, are utilized in various cuisine preparations due to their unique flavors and tastes. The current study examined garlic scape powder's effect on apoprotein E and its ability to decrease cholesterol. In an in vivo experiment, normal, healthy Wistar albino rats (weeks) were divided into a negative control group (NC, n = 10) and a high‐fat diet‐raised group (n = 50) until they achieved cholesterol ≥250 mg/dL. Hypercholesteremic rats were further divided randomly into five groups: positive control (PC), standard group (fenofibrate 20 mg/kg bwt), and treatment groups G1, G2, and G3 that were administered with garlic scape powder 400 mg, 800 mg, and 1200 mg/kg bwt orally, respectively, for 3 months. The blood samples were examined for cholesterol, triglycerides, high‐density lipoproteins (HDLs), low‐density lipoproteins, apoprotein E, albumin levels, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). The liver tissues of the rats were subjected to histopathology. The lipid profile was assessed using serum kit techniques, whereas an ELISA kit was used to evaluate apoprotein E, and a serum kit was used to estimate ALT and AST. In comparison to all other groups except NC, the highest dose of 1200 mg/kg bwt of garlic scapes significantly (p ≤ .05) increased serum insulin (13.66 ± 0.72 μU/mL), apoprotein E levels (6.08 ± 0.10 mg/dL), HDL (42.1 ± 1.81 mg/dL), and reduce TG (88.7 ± 1.64 mg/dL) and decreased overall cholesterol levels (67.9 ± 1.17 mg/dL). Except for NC, all treatment groups had significantly (p ≤ .05) lower ALT and AST values than PC. To sum up, powdered garlic scapes may be a great way to avoid hyperlipidemia, which raises the risk of cardiovascular illnesses. ALT and AST levels were significantly (p ≤ .05) reduced in all treatment groups compared to PC, except for NC. In conclusion, garlic scape powder may be an excellent source to prevent hyperlipidemia, a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. In addition, powdered garlic scapes supplementation at high doses may be used as an alternative natural source in functional foods to halt hyperlipidemia without liver toxicity in the long term.
Study on the protective effect of Aronia melanocarpa extract on type 2 diabetes by regulating glucose and lipid metabolism through intestinal flora
Authors: Song Dan , Fang Cheng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAronia melanocarpa, a plant rich in anthocyanins, has been studied for its potential to regulate blood sugar and blood lipids, although the specific mechanism is not yet understood. This research aims to identify the differential bacterial flora and elucidate the mechanism by which it improves glucose and lipid metabolism disorders through 16S rDNA gene sequencing. The study reveals the protective effect of Aronia melanocarpa extract (AME) on liver damage in type 2 diabetic rats. Experimental results demonstrate that AME can effectively modulate the abundance of intestinal flora, reduce colon tissue damage, enhance the weight of diabetic rats, and lower levels of fasting blood sugar, low‐density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglycerides (TG). Additionally, liver morphology analysis shows that AME can effectively mitigate liver tissue structural damage in type 2 diabetic rats. In conclusion, AME regulates glucose and lipid metabolism by influencing intestinal flora, ultimately regulating glucose and lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetic rats.
Sudden stop: Supply and demand shocks in the German natural gas market
Authors: Güntner Jochen , Reif Magnus , Wolters Maik 
Published: July 2024

SummaryWe use a structural vector autoregressive (SVAR) model to study the German natural gas market and investigate the impact of the 2022 Russian supply stop on the German economy. Combining conventional and narrative sign restrictions, we find that gas supply and demand shocks have large and persistent price effects, while output effects tend to be moderate. The 2022 natural gas price spike was driven by adverse supply shocks and positive storage demand shocks, as Germany filled its inventories before the winter. Counterfactual simulations of an embargo on natural gas imports from Russia indicate similar positive price and negative output effects compared with what we observe in the data.
Titanium: A systematic review of the relationship between crystallographic profile and cell adhesion
Authors: Celles Cícero Andrade Sigilião , dos Reis Andréa Cândido 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDental implant surface properties such as roughness, wettability, and porosity ensure cell interaction and tissue integration. The clinical performance of dental implants depends on the crystallographic texture and protein and cell bonds to the substrates, where grain size, orientation, and inclination are parameters responsible for favoring osteoblast adhesion and limiting bacterial adhesion. The lack of consensus on the best crystallographic plan for cell adhesion prompted this systematic review, which aims to answer the following question: “What is the influence of the crystallographic plane on titanium surfaces on cell adhesion?” by evaluating the literature on the crystallographic characteristics of titanium and how these dictate topographical parameters and influence the cell adhesion of devices made from this material. It followed the Preferred Reporting Standards for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA 2020) registered with the Open Science Framework (OSF) (osf.io/xq6kv). The search strategy was based on the PICOS method. It chose in vitro articles that analyzed crystallographic structure correlated with cell adhesion and investigated the microstructure and its effects on cell culture, different crystal orientation distributions, and the influence of crystallinity. The search strategies were applied to the different electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Embase, and Google Scholar, and the articles found were attached to the Rayyan digital platform and assessed blindly. The Joanna Bringgs Institute (JBI) tool assessed the risk of bias. A total of 248 articles were found. After removing duplicates, 192 were analyzed by title and abstract. Of these, 18 were selected for detailed reading in their entirety, 9 of which met the eligibility criteria. The included studies presented a low risk of bias. The role of the crystallographic orientation of the exposed faces in a multicrystalline material is little discussed in the scientific literature and its impact is recognized as dictating the topographical characteristics of the material that facilitate cell adhesion.
Development of PHBV electrospun fibers containing a borate bioactive glass doped with Co, Cu, and Zn for wound dressings
Authors: dos Santos Verônica Ribeiro , Campos Tiago Moreira Bastos , Anselmi Caroline , de Souza Joyce Rodrigues , Lemes Ana Paula , Thim Gilmar Patrocínio , Bottino Marco Cicero , Borges Alexandre Luiz Souto , de Sousa Trichês Eliandra 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPoly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) nanofibers embedded with borate glasses of 45B5 composition doped with Co2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+(46.1 B₂O₃26.9‐X CaO24.4 Na₂O2.6 P₂O₅, X CoO/CuO/ZnO mol % (X = 0–5)) were produced by electrospinning for wound healing applications. Prior to their addition, the glasses exhibited two broad halos typical of a vitreous borate network, which were mainly composed of ring‐type metaborate structural units. The particle distribution in the PHBV nanofibers embedded with 45B5 borate bioactive glasses is present in isolated and agglomerated states, being partially coated by a polymeric layer—except for the cobalt‐doped glass, which resulted in a successful encapsulation with 100% embedding efficiency. The incorporation of the glasses reduced the PHBV crystallinity degree and its decomposition temperature, as well as its mechanical properties, including Young's modulus, tensile strength, and elongation at break. The neat PHBV fibers and those containing the cobalt‐doped glasses demonstrated great cytocompatibility with human keratinocytes (HaCat), as suggested by the high cell viability after 7 days of exposure. Further studies are needed to fully understand the wound healing potential of these fibers, but our results significantly contribute to the area.
Unveiling the nephrotoxic profile of BCR‐ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors: A real‐world experience in Africa
Authors: Ayalew Zekarias Seifu , Azibte Gebeyehu Tessema , Tadesse Fisihatsion , Legesse Biruk Abate , Kiflu Zerubabel Getahun , Weldeamanuel Mahlet Tsige , Tsige Kibrekidusan Aynekulu , Molla Bereket Abraha , Ejigu Addisu Melkie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe efficacy of BCR‐ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in treating chronic myelogenous leukemia and other malignancies is well‐documented. However, concerns about potential nephrotoxicity have raised questions. This study, conducted at Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital (TASH) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, aimed to investigate the association between TKIs and renal toxicities.MethodsA hospital‐based cross‐sectional design was used to enroll 260 TASH patients actively receiving BCR‐ABL TKIs. Demographic information, diagnoses, treatment details, and laboratory test results were collected for each participant's Electronic Medical Record. The primary goal was to assess adverse renal events, a combination of events of a decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) exceeding 30% from baseline, significant proteinuria, and a diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) or chronic kidney disease (CKD). A logistic regression model was used to analyze the data and identify factors associated with developing adverse renal events.ResultsOur analysis revealed a statistically significant decrease in eGFR following treatment with TKIs. However, the observed rate of adverse renal events (13.1%) was lower than reported in some previous studies. Factors significantly associated with adverse renal events included longer TKI duration, male sex (protective), hypertension, HIV infection, and achieving complete molecular remission and/or a complete hematologic response. No significant associations were found with diabetes mellitus, age, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors use, or baseline creatinine level.ConclusionsWhile this study found that BCR‐ABL TKIs can lead to a decline in eGFR, AKI, and CKD, it also demonstrated that they were relatively safer in our study population.
Spontaneous excretion of a pseudomembranous intestinal cast in an infant with an acute diarrhoeal illness: A case report and literature review
Authors: Cairney David G. , Fineron Paul , Kirby Andrew J. , Henderson Paul , Gillett Peter M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe present a case of an 8‐week‐old infant with acute bloody diarrhoea and subsequent passage of an intestinal cast. An extensive immune and infection work‐up did not reveal a causative aetiology. Histopathology indicated the cast represented an intestinal pseudomembrane. 16S bacterial polymersae chain reaction of the pathology specimen was negative. The infant required a period of parenteral nutrition due to diarrhoeal losses but made a full recovery and had no sequelae from this illness. Intestinal casts are a rare occurrence, particularly in paediatrics. It prompts a wide differential which includes acute infection, immunodeficiency and ischaemia. Accurate quantification of stool losses, appropriate nutrition support and liaison with microbiology colleagues were essential in this case.
Improved survival with immunotherapy for microsatellite unstable colorectal cancer with peritoneal metastases
Authors: Khorfan Rhami , Sedighim Shaina , Caba‐Molina David , Tran Thuy B. , Senthil Maheswari , O'Leary Michael P. , Eng Oliver S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundKEYNOTE‐177 demonstrated that immunotherapy was superior to chemotherapy for microsatellite‐instability‐high (MSI‐high) metastatic colorectal cancer. Colorectal cancer with peritoneal metastases (CRPM) has a poorer prognosis than other metastatic sites, with an unclear role of immunotherapy. We evaluated trends in immunotherapy use and overall survival (OS).MethodsPatients with CRPM and MSI testing were identified in the National Cancer Database (2016−2020). We evaluated immunotherapy use by year and associated patient/hospital factors. OS was compared for immunotherapy versus chemotherapy, cytoreductive surgery (CRS), and immunotherapy plus CRS.ResultsAmong 15 322 CRPM patients, 7072 (46.2%) patients had documented MSI testing, with 819 (11.6%) MSI‐high. Ninety‐eight MSI‐high patients received immunotherapy alone (12.3%), increasing from 0% in 2016 to 19.1% in 2020 (p < 0.01). On multivariable analysis, only higher comorbidity was associated with immunotherapy (OR: 2.83 [1.22−6.52]). Two‐year OS with immunotherapy versus chemotherapy was 64.2% versus 54.1% (p < 0.05). In patients receiving CRS plus systemic therapy (N = 96), 2‐year OS was 68.4%. Among patients who underwent immunotherapy and CRS versus immunotherapy alone, 2‐year OS was 80.0% versus 60.0% (p = 0.14).ConclusionsImmunotherapy was associated with significantly better survival compared to chemotherapy in MSI‐high CRPM. Two‐year OS with systemic + CRS was 68.4%. Despite its role in guiding treatment, MSI testing remains low for these patients.
Younger age is a risk factor for developing recurrent or postoperative osteochondritis dissecans after surgery for discoid lateral meniscus with/without preoperative osteochondritis dissecans
Authors: Iida Ken , Hashimoto Yusuke , Nishino Kazuya , Tsumoto Shuko , Takigami Junsei , Tomihara Tomohiro , Nakamura Hiroaki 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the efficacy of surgical treatment of the discoid lateral meniscus with osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) through clinical and radiological evaluations, focusing on recurrent or postoperative OCD occurrence.MethodsThis retrospective study included patients with symptomatic discoid lateral meniscus with OCD (pre‐OCD group) and without OCD (non‐OCD group) who had undergone arthroscopic surgery with >5 years of follow‐up. Age, sex, Lysholm score, Tegner activity scale, surgical procedure, and recurrent or postoperative OCD lesions were compared. The association between patient variables and postoperative OCD was determined using multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsOf the 95 knees, 15 (15%) were in the pre‐OCD group. Healing was observed in 14/15 (93%) knees. Recurrent and postoperative OCDs were reported in 4/15 (28.5%) knees in the pre‐OCD and 7/80 (8.8%) knees in the non‐OCD groups at a mean of 3.2 ± 1.1 and 3.7 ± 1.2 years, respectively. Pre‐ and postoperative Tegner activity scale and Lysholm scores were higher in the pre‐OCD group but similar to those in the non‐OCD group. The incidence of recurrent OCD in the pre‐OCD group was significantly higher than that of postoperative OCD in the non‐OCD group. Younger patients (odds ratio, 0.49; p = 0.003) had an increased risk of experiencing recurrent or postoperative OCD in multivariate analysis. The optimal cutoff age for distinguishing recurrent or postoperative OCD was 9 years.ConclusionSurgical procedures for OCD lesions in the pre‐OCD group were successful. Multivariate analysis identified age as a risk factor for recurrent or postoperative OCD; therefore, conservative treatment is recommended for patients with discoid lateral meniscus before preadolescence to prevent postoperative OCD occurrence.Level of EvidenceLevel III.
A Decade of Single‐Center Experience in Children With Congenital Pyriform Sinus Fistula (CPSF)
Authors: Ji Tingting , Long Ting , Liu Yuwei , Tai Jun , Zhang Jie , Li Yanzhen , Zhang Xuexi , Liu Zhiyong , Liu Qiaoyin , Sun Nian , Wang Shengcai , Ni Xin 
Published: July 2024

ObjectivesTo investigate the efficacy and safety of carbon dioxide (CO2) laser cauterization in the treatment of pediatric congenital pyriform sinus fistula (CPSF), and to track and follow up the long‐term outcome of the postoperative patients.MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted at a single center, where clinical data and follow‐up information of children with CPSF who underwent CO2 laser cauterization with the assistance of a suspension laryngoscope and microscope were collected and analyzed their clinical characteristics and prognosis. Subsequently, multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify potential predictors of the number of laser cauterization procedures.ResultsA total of 238 children diagnosed with CPSF were recruited for this study, with 235 patients successfully achieving closure of the internal fistula through one or more CO2 laser cauterization procedures without recurrence. The median duration of follow‐up was 6.46 (5.20, 7.64) years. Merely three patients (1.3%) developed recurrent cervical infection and eventually underwent open neck surgery. There were no instances of permanent perioperative complications throughout the follow‐up. Additionally, our analysis revealed that the age at the first operation of CO2 laser cauterization was an independent risk factor associated with the number of operations.ConclusionsThe CO2 laser cauterization for children with CPSF is an effective and safe treatment with a low recurrence rate and minimal complications during the follow‐up period. Consequently, it is advisable to consider CO2 laser cauterization as a viable therapeutic option for managing pediatric CPSF.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 134:5193–5200, 2024
A Novel Route to Glass Fiber‐Reinforced Epoxy Matrix Composites: Visible Light Activated Radical Induced Cationic Frontal Polymerization
Authors: Kurtulus Cenk , Ciftci Mustafa , Tasdelen Mehmet Atilla 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn the current study, a novel radical‐induced cationic frontal polymerization (RICFP) concept capable of rapid curing at room temperature via visible light irradiation is represented. Initially, the optimal formulation, which can be most effectively cured with visible light irradiation, is determined based on thickness, hardness, curing speed, and mechanical properties using FT‐IR, DSC, TGA, and flexural test methods. Subsequently, the viability of the method is illustrated by fabricating glass fiber‐reinforced composites through the hand lay‐up technique, employing the optimized formulation and glass fibers in various forms (chopped strand mat and biaxial). Mechanical properties of the obtained composites, including bending, tensile, and shear tests, are carried out according to relevant international standards and compared with reference composites thermally cured with amine‐based hardener by conventional method.