bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis, Characterization, and Thermal Decomposition of Rare‐Earth Metal Disulfides RES2 (RE = La, Pr, Nd)
Authors: Bartsch Christian , Ahrens Eike , Doert Thomas 
Published: October 2012

AbstractMicrowave‐assisted metathesis reactions from anhydrous rare‐earth metal trichlorides and alkali metal polychalcogenides in dimethylformamide in the temperature interval 160 °C ≤ T ≤ 220 °C yield sub‐micron and nanometer scaled particles of the rare‐earth metal disulfides RES2 (RE = La, Pr, Nd). The samples were characterized by X‐ray powder diffraction, electron microscopy, chemical analysis, and Raman and UV/Vis spectroscopy. The products adopt the monoclinic α‐RES2 type (space group P21/a) and form desert rose‐like agglomerates. The nano‐scaled samples show significantly reduced optical bandgaps compared to the bulk material. The thermal decomposition in air at 550 °C ≤ T ≤ 1000 °C yields rare‐earth metal oxide sulfates RE2O2SO4.
Properties of Biobased Epoxy Resins from Epoxidized Soybean Oil (ESBO) Cured with Maleic Anhydride (MA)
Authors: España J. M. , Sánchez‐Nacher L. , Boronat T. , Fombuena V. , Balart R. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractEpoxidized soybean oil (ESBO), obtained from a renewable resource was used in the production of thermoset resins. Samples of the ESBO were initially treated with maleic anhydride, equal mixture of catalyst (1,3‐butanediol anhydrous and benzyldimethylamine) and the mixture was cured for 5 h at different temperatures. After the curing process, the ratio between the ESBO and the anhydride (ratio EEW:AEW) was evaluated in terms of the different mechanical properties produced using flexural, Shore D hardness and Charpy impact tests. The sample with the best mechanical properties was that with an EEW:AEW ratio of 1:1.0 which leads to best balanced behavior and this could be representative for the maximum crosslinking degree. Also, thermal characteristics were evaluated during the crosslinking process using differential scanning calorimetry, In addition, other thermal characteristics of the cured materials were obtained by determining the heat deflection temperature and the Vicat softening temperature. The coefficient of thermal expansion was determined using thermo‐mechanical analysis. In accordance with the mechanical behavior, the best thermal properties were obtained for samples with an EEW:AEW ratio of 1:1.0. As a result of this work, a biologically based epoxy resin with good mechanical properties and flexibility was obtained.
Analysis of Ceramides in Soy Sauce Oil
Authors: Yamaguchi Hitomi , Ogawa Yoshihiro 
Published: October 2012

AbstractSoy sauce oil is a by‐product of soy sauce derived from the lipids in soybeans, wheat, and koji mold (Aspergillusoryzae or A. sojae). In the present study, sphingolipids were detected in soy sauce oil for the first time. The concentration of sphingolipids as sphingoid bases was 240 ± 50 mg/kg. Ceramide was the major component, and free sphingoid bases and cerebroside were minor components. The abundance ratios of the incorporated sphingoid bases were as follows: 4‐hydroxysphinganine (t18:0), 13 %; 4‐hydroxy‐8‐sphingenine (t18:1Δ8), 29 %; sphinganine (d18:0), 4.7 %; 8‐sphingenine (d18:1Δ8), 18 %; 4,8‐sphingadienine (d18:2Δ4,Δ8), 16 %; 9‐methyl‐trans‐4,trans‐8‐sphingadienine (9‐Me d18:2Δ4,Δ8), 19 %; and trans‐4‐sphingenine (d18:1Δ4), 1.2 %. Two of the incorporated sphingoid bases (t18:1Δ8 and d18:1Δ8) were isolated and another (d18:2Δ4,Δ8) was partly purified, while three of the ceramides were isolated and identified. The structures of the other ceramides were determined by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Two groups of ceramides were observed, including one group containing t18:0, t18:1Δ8, d18:1Δ8, d18:2Δ4,Δ8, and 9‐Me d18:2Δ4,Δ8 with 2‐hydroxy fatty acids and the other containing t18:0 and t18:1Δ8 with normal fatty acids. Many of these ceramides corresponded to ceramides or ceramide moieties of cerebrosides found in the soybeans, wheat, and koji mold used in soy sauce production.
Fatty Acid Composition of Non‐Starch and Starch Neutral Lipid Extracts of Portuguese Sourdough Bread
Authors: Rocha João M. , Kalo Paavo J. , Malcata F. Xavier 
Published: October 2012

AbstractFatty acids in each neutral lipid (NL) class from non‐starch (NSL) and starch lipids (SL) were quantified in maize and rye flours, and sourdough—to ascertain the effect of mixing, and between sourdough and broa (a traditional Portuguese sourdough bread)—to assess the effect of fermentation. Maize and rye flour lipid extracts showed distinct fatty acid profiles. Maize flour exhibited a higher amount of most fatty acid species and of total NL—where triacylglycerols (TAG) and free fatty acids (FA) represented the dominant NL. The fatty acid profiles varied throughout breadmaking (i.e. from the mixture of flours with water, through fermentation until baking): in NSL, the highest concentrations were found in the flour mixture (i.e. 59 % of maize and 41 % of rye flour) or sourdough, whereas in SL they were found in broa; additionally, SL levels increased, and NSL levels decreased during dough preparation and baking. Palmitic (C16:0), oleic (C18:1) and linoleic (C18:2) acids were the major fatty acids in all food items. Cumulative percentages of C16:0, C18:1 and C18:2 in NSL and SL were over 81 and 75 %, respectively, in the flour mixture, 86 and 66 % in sourdough, and 83 and 82 % in broa. In particular, C18:2 accounted for 52 % of the total fatty acids. The content of sterol esters remained essentially constant throughout fermentation and baking; those of TAG decreased from flours to fermentation, while diacylglycerol and monoacylglycerol increased; the NL fractions were essentially unaffected by baking, yet their FA contents increased.
Creb is modulated in the mouse superior colliculus in developmental and experimentally‐induced models of plasticity
Authors: Vierci Gabriela , De Oliveira Camila Salum , Perera Lucia Ruiz , Bornia Natalia , Leal Rodrigo Bainy , Rossi Francesco Mattia 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIn the central nervous system long‐term plastic processes need the activation of specific gene expression programs and the synthesis of new protein in order to occur. A transcription factor fundamental for several plasticity mechanisms in various CNS areas is the cAMP response element‐binding protein, CREB. This factor is activated through phosphorylation at its Serine 133 residue by multiple signaling pathways. Little is known about CREB role in the superior colliculus, a midbrain area considered an experimentally useful model for the study of neuronal plasticity processes. In the present work we studied by Western blot analysis the modulation of CREB expression and activation in the mouse superior colliculus in three models of neuronal plasticity: (1) developmental plasticity; (2) lesion‐induced plasticity; (3) and fluoxetine‐induced restored plasticity. We used an antibody that detects endogenous level of the total CREB protein (anti‐TCREB) to identify possible modulations at CREB expression level, and a second antibody (anti‐PCREB) that detects endogenous level of CREB only when it is phosphorylated at Ser133, to identify modifications of CREB activation state. The results showed that: (1) the expression and activation of CREB increase during the development of the superior colliculus in temporal correlation with the plastic process of refinement of retino‐collicular projections; (2) the activation of CREB is induced by a monocular lesion performed during the critical period for plasticity in young animals but not when performed in less plastic juvenile mice; (3) the expression and activation of CREB increase in adult animals treated with fluoxetine, known to restore high levels of plasticity in adult animals. These results suggest that CREB transcription factor plays a fundamental role in plasticity processes also at the level of the mouse superior colliculus.
Skull base osteomyelitis: current microbiology and management
Authors: Spielmann P M , Yu R , Neeff M 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIntroduction:Skull base osteomyelitis typically presents in an immunocompromised patient with severe otalgia and otorrhoea.Pseudomonas aeruginosais the commonest pathogenic micro-organism, and reports of resistance to fluoroquinolones are now emerging, complicating management. We reviewed our experience of this condition, and of the local pathogenic organisms.Methods:A retrospective review from 2004 to 2011 was performed. Patients were identified by their admission diagnostic code, and computerised records examined.Results:Twenty patients were identified. A facial palsy was present in 12 patients (60 per cent). Blood cultures were uniformly negative, and culture of ear canal granulations was non-diagnostic in 71 per cent of cases.Pseudomonas aeruginosawas isolated in only 10 (50 per cent) cases; one strain was resistant to ciprofloxacin but all were sensitive to ceftazidime. Two cases of fungal skull base osteomyelitis were identified. The mortality rate was 15 per cent. The patients’ treatment algorithm is presented.Conclusion:Our treatment algorithm reflects the need for multidisciplinary input, early microbial culture of specimens, appropriate imaging, and prolonged and systemic antimicrobial treatment. Resolution of infection must be confirmed by close follow up and imaging.
Relativistic and ponderomotive self-focusing of a laser pulse in magnetized plasma
Authors: Sharma Anamika , Tripathi V.K. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe self-focusing of an intense right circularly polarized Gaussian laser pulse in magnetized plasma is studied. The ions are taken to be immobile and relativistic mass effect is incorporated in both the plasma frequency (ωp) and the electron cyclotron frequency (ωc) while determining the ponderomotive force on electrons. The ponderomotive force causes electron expulsion when the effective electron cyclotron frequency is below twice the laser frequency. The nonlinear plasma dielectric function due to ponderomotive and relativistic effects is derived, which is then employed in beam-width parameter equation to study the self-focusing of the laser beam. From this, we estimate the importance of relativistic self-focusing in comparison with ponderomotive self-focusing at moderate laser intensities. The beam width parameter decreases with magnetic field indicating better self-focusing. When the laser intensity is very high, the relativistic gamma factor can be modeled as ${\rm \gamma} = 0.8\left({{{{\rm \omega} _c } / {\rm \omega} }} \right)+ \sqrt {1 + a_0^2 }$γ=0.8(ωc/ω)+1+a02 where ω and a0 are the laser frequency and the normalized laser field strength, respectively. The cyclotron effects on the self-focusing of laser pulse are reduced at high field strengths.
Virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes in human MRSA ST398 isolates in Austria
Authors: ZARFEL G. , KRZIWANEK K. , JOHLER S. , HOENIGL M. , LEITNER E. , KITTINGER C. , MASOUD L. , FEIERL G. , GRISOLD A. J. 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARYThis study determined the genetic background of virulence and resistance genes of MRSA ST398 in Austria. From 2004 up to 2008 a total of 41 human isolates of MRSA ST398 were investigated for virulence and resistance gene patterns using DNA microarray chip analysis. Highly similar virulence gene profiles were found in 29 (70·7%) of the isolates but genes encoding Panton–Valentine leukocidin, enterotoxins, or toxic shock syndrome toxin were not detected. Genes conferring resistance to tetracycline and erythromycin-lincosamide were common as all but one of the isolates exhibited tetM and/or tetK, which are involved in tetracycline resistance, and 12 (29·9%) were positive for ermC, conferring resistance to erythromycin/lincosamide. SplitsTree analysis showed that 40 isolates were closely related. Changes in virulence and resistance gene patterns were minimal over the observed time period.
Cardiac findings and long-term thromboembolic outcomes following pulmonary embolism in children: a combined retrospective-prospective inception cohort study
Authors: Hancock Hayley S. , Wang Michael , Gist Katja M. , Gibson Elizabeth , Miyamoto Shelley D. , Mourani Peter M. , Manco-Johnson Marilyn J. , Goldenberg Neil A. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIn paediatric pulmonary embolism, cardiac findings and thromboembolic outcomes are poorly defined. We conducted a mixed retrospective-prospective cohort study of paediatric pulmonary embolism at the Children's Hospital Colorado between March, 2006 and January, 2011. A total of 58 consecutive children – age less than or equal to 21 years – with acute pulmonary embolism were enrolled. Data collection included clinical and laboratory characteristics, treatments, serial echocardiographic and electrocardiographic findings, and outcomes of pulmonary embolism non-resolution and recurrence. The median age was 16.5 years ranging from 0 to 21 years. The most prevalent clinical risk factors were oral contraceptive pill use (52% of female patients), presence of a non-infectious inflammatory condition (21%), and trauma (21%). Thrombophilias included heterozygous factor V Leiden in 21%; antiphospholipid antibody syndrome was established in 31% overall. Proximal pulmonary artery involvement was present in 34%. At presentation, nearly half of the patients had hypoxaemia and 37% had tachycardia. The classic electrocardiographic finding of S1Q3T3 was present in 12% acutely; tricuspid regurgitation greater than 3 metres per second, septal flattening, and right ventricular dilation were each present on acute echocardiogram in 25%. Nearly all patients received therapeutic anticoagulation, with initial systemic tissue plasminogen activator administered in 16% for occlusive iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis and/or massive pulmonary embolism. Pulmonary embolism resolution was observed in 82% by 6 months. Recurrent pulmonary embolism occurred in 9%. There were no pulmonary embolism-related deaths. Right ventricular dysfunction was rare in follow-up. These data indicate that acute heart strain is common, but chronic cardiac dysfunction is rare, following aggressive management of acute pulmonary embolism in children.
Atomic Resolution Phase Contrast Imaging and In-Line Holography Using Variable Voltage and Dose Rate
Authors: Barton Bastian , Jiang Bin , Song ChengYu , Specht Petra , Calderon Hector , Kisielowski Christian 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe TEAM 0.5 electron microscope is employed to demonstrate atomic resolution phase contrast imaging and focal series reconstruction with acceleration voltages between 20 and 300 kV and a variable dose rate. A monochromator with an energy spread of ≤0.1 eV is used for dose variation by a factor of 1,000 and to provide a beam-limiting aperture. The sub-Ångstrøm performance of the instrument remains uncompromised. Using samples obtained from silicon wafers by chemical etching, the [200] atom dumbbell distance of 1.36 Å can be resolved in single images and reconstructed exit wave functions at 300, 80, and 50 kV. At 20 kV, atomic resolution <2 Å is readily available but limited by residual lens aberrations at large scattering angles. Exit wave functions reconstructed from images recorded under low dose rate conditions show sharper atom peaks as compared to high dose rate. The observed dose rate dependence of the signal is explained by a reduction of beam-induced atom displacements. If a combined sample and instrument instability is considered, the experimental image contrast can be matched quantitatively to simulations. The described development allows for atomic resolution transmission electron microscopy of interfaces between soft and hard materials over a wide range of voltages and electron doses.
The rapid recovery of 5-HT cell firing induced by the antidepressant vortioxetine involves 5-HT3 receptor antagonism
Authors: Bétry Cécile , Pehrson Alan L. , Etiévant Adeline , Ebert Bjarke , Sánchez Connie , Haddjeri Nasser 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The therapeutic effect of current antidepressant drugs appears after several weeks of treatment and a significant number of patients do not respond to treatment. Here, we report the effects of the multi-modal antidepressant vortioxetine (Lu AA21004), a 5-HT3 and 5-HT7 receptor antagonist, 5-HT1B receptor partial agonist, 5-HT1A receptor agonist and 5-HT transporter (SERT) inhibitor, on rat 5-HT neurotransmission. Using in vivo electrophysiological recordings in the dorsal raphe nucleus of anaesthetized rats, we assessed the acute and subchronic effects of vortioxetine and/or the selective 5-HT3 receptor agonist, SR57227 or the selective 5-HT1A receptor agonist flesinoxan, on 5-HT neuronal firing activity. Using ex-vivo autoradiography, we correlated SERT occupancy and presumed 5-HT firing activity. The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, fluoxetine, was used as comparator. Importantly, the recovery of 5-HT neuronal firing was achieved after 1 d with vortioxetine and 14 d with fluoxetine. SR57227 delayed this recovery. In contrast, vortioxetine failed to alter the reducing action of 3 d treatment of flesinoxan. Acute dosing of vortioxetine inhibited neuronal firing activity more potently than fluoxetine. SR57227 prevented the suppressant effect of vortioxetine, but not of fluoxetine. In contrast, flesinoxan failed to modify the suppressant effect of vortioxetine acutely administered. Differently to fluoxetine, vortioxetine suppressed neuronal firing without saturating occupancy at the SERT. Vortioxetine produced a markedly faster recovery of 5-HT neuronal firing than fluoxetine. This is at least partly due to 5-HT3 receptor antagonism of vortioxetine in association with its reduced SERT occupancy.
Adsorption of nucleic acid bases on magnesium oxide (MgO)
Authors: Fornaro Teresa , Brucato John Robert , Branciamore Sergio , Pucci Amaranta 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe adsorption of organic molecules on mineral matrices might have played a fundamental role in processes that led to the emergence of life. We investigated the adsorption properties of the nucleobases adenine, cytosine, uracil and hypoxanthine on magnesium oxide (MgO), determining the single solute batch equilibrium adsorption isotherms. Langmuir-type isotherms were fitted to data, assuming a rapid reversible equilibration of adsorption, demonstrated effectively through desorption experiments. The Langmuir equilibrium adsorption constantKand the amount of the solute per unit of adsorbent mass necessary to complete the monolayerbwere calculated. The results indicate that MgO is a good adsorbent for nucleobases (adenine > uracil > hypoxantine > cytosine), suggesting a role of metal oxides in concentrating biomolecules in prebiotic conditions that might have favoured the passage from geochemistry to biochemistry.
Emergency department staff views and experiences on diagnostic overshadowing related to people with mental illness
Authors: van Nieuwenhuizen A. , Henderson C. , Kassam A. , Graham T. , Murray J. , Howard L. M. , Thornicroft G. 
Published: October 2012

Aims.To investigate recognition of diagnostic overshadowing, i.e., misattribution of physical symptoms to mental illness, among emergency medicine professionals; further, to identify contributory and mitigating factors to diagnostic overshadowing.Methods.In-depth individual interviews of 25 emergency department clinicians and qualitative analysis using thematic analysis.Results.Diagnostic overshadowing was described as a significant issue. Contributing factors included: (1) problems of knowledge and information gathering; (2) clinicians' attitudes toward people with mental illness, substance misuse and frequent attenders; and (3) difficulties in working with mental health services in the context of a 4-h target for discharge from the emergency department. Avoidance of patients with a psychiatric diagnosis was also described, due to fear of violence.Conclusion.The physical health care of people with mental illness in emergency departments may be adversely affected by diagnostic overshadowing and avoidance by clinical staff, along with difficulties created by the illness, medication and the emergency department environment. Greater joint working between psychiatric and emergency department staff is suggested as one way to reduce diagnostic overshadowing.
Studierende schieben Pflichten auf, aber auch persönliche Projekte
Authors: Grund Axel , Schmid Sebastian , Klingsieck Katrin B. , Fries Stefan 
Published: October 2012

Die Forschung zum Thema Prokrastination betrachtet fast ausschließlich das Aufschieben von Handlungen, die als fremdbestimmte Verpflichtungen und Leistungshandlungen wahrgenommen werden und die zugunsten von attraktiveren Handlungsalternativen zurückgestellt werden. Am Beispiel der Alltagshandlungen Studierender wurde untersucht, inwieweit dieses Begriffsverständnis bestimmte phänomenologische Facetten vernachlässigt. 398 Studierende beschrieben aufgeschobene und stattdessen ausgeführte Alltagshandlungen einer konkreten Aufschiebeepisode anhand von 35 Merkmalen. Anschließend wurde mit Analysen latenter Profile überprüft, inwieweit sich typische Handlungsprofile unterscheiden und interpretieren lassen. Es konnten je drei distinkte Typen aufgeschobener und ausgeführter Handlungen identifiziert werden. Erstere lassen sich anhand ihrer wahrgenommenen Merkmalsprofile als Pflichthandlungen, persönliche Projekte und Aktivhandlungen beschreiben; letztere als Entspannungshandlungen, Sozialhandlungen und wiederum Pflichthandlungen. Die Profile von persönlichen Projekten und Aktivhandlungen zeigen, dass das Spektrum von aufgeschobenen Handlungen breiter ist, als in der Forschung zumeist vorausgesetzt wird. Vor dem Hintergrund dieser Befunde wird dafür argumentiert, die Konzeption und Erfassung von Prokrastination auf selbstbestimmte Handlungen und Aktivhandlungen zu erweitern.
Assessing the relationship between conservation of function and conservation of sequence using photosynthetic proteins
Authors: Ashkenazi Shaul , Snir Rotem , Ofran Yanay 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Motivation: Assessing the false positive rate of function prediction methods is difficult, as it is hard to establish that a protein does not have a certain function. To determine to what extent proteins with similar sequences have a common function, we focused on photosynthesis-related proteins. A protein that comes from a non-photosynthetic organism is, undoubtedly, not involved in photosynthesis.
Results: We show that function diverges very rapidly: 70% of the close homologs of photosynthetic proteins come from non-photosynthetic organisms. Therefore, high sequence similarity, in most cases, is not tantamount to similar function. However, we found that many functionally similar proteins often share short sequence elements, which may correspond to a functional site and could reveal functional similarities more accurately than sequence similarity.
Conclusions: These results shed light on the way biological function is conserved in evolution and may help improve large-scale analysis of protein function.
Contact: yanay@ofranlab.org
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.