bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dominance of attentional focus: a comparative study on its impact on standing postural control in healthy younger and older adults
Authors: Sawai Shun , Murata Shin , Sakano Yuya , Fujikawa Shoya , Yamamoto Ryosuke , Shizuka Yusuke , Nakano Hideki 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionAttentional focus is a phenomenon in which shifting the focus of attention alters performance of standing postural control. It can be categorized as internal focus (IF), which directs attention to the body parts, or external focus (EF), which directs attention to the external environment. Although attentional focus that improves standing postural control in younger people exhibits individual dominance, the dominance of attentional focus in standing postural control in older adults remains ambiguous. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the dominance of attentional focus in standing postural control between healthy younger and older adults, a crucial step for understanding the aging process.MethodsThe participants performed a standing postural control task under the IF and EF conditions. Based on the condition during which they exhibited superior performance, the participants were divided into two groups: IF-dominant and EF-dominant. The standing postural control performance in each group under the IF and EF conditions was subsequently compared.ResultsThe results showed that the participants, encompassing both younger and older adults, were divided into the IF-dominant and EF-dominant groups, confirming the dominance of attentional focus. The performance under the EF condition in older adults was also influenced by the dominance of attentional focus.ConclusionThese results highlight the potential importance of intervention methods based on the dominance of attentional focus, providing valuable insights into future research and clinical practice.
Intermittent protein restriction before but not after the onset of diabetic kidney disease attenuates disease progression in mice
Authors: Peng Xiaoyue , Liu Min , Wu Yijie , Fan Wenying , Hou Yi , Kong Yan , Liu Yajin , Zhang Xuejiao , Shan Chunyan , Sun Haipeng , Yang Yanhui 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundHigh dietary protein intake exacerbates proteinuria in individuals with diabetic kidney disease (DKD). However, studies on the impacts of low protein diet (LPD) on DKD have yielded conflicting results. Furthermore, patient compliance to continuous protein restriction is challenging.ObjectiveThe current study aims to investigate the effects of intermittent protein restriction (IPR) on disease progression of DKD.MethodsDiabetic KK-Ay mice were used in this study. For the IPR treatment, three consecutive days of LPD were followed by four consecutive days of normal protein diet (NPD) within each week. For early intervention, mice received IPR before DKD onset. For late intervention, mice received IPR after DKD onset. In both experiments, age-matched mice fed continuous NPD served as the control group. Kidney morphology, structure and function of mice in different groups were examined.ResultsIntermittent protein restriction before DKD onset ameliorated pathological changes in kidney, including nephromegaly, glomerular hyperfiltration, tubular injuries and proteinuria, without improving glycemic control. Meanwhile, IPR initiated after DKD onset showed no renoprotective effects despite improved glucose homeostasis.ConclusionIntermittent protein restriction before rather than after DKD onset protects kidneys, and the impacts of IPR on the kidneys are independent of glycemic control. IPR shows promise as an effective strategy for managing DKD and improving patient compliance.
Ultra-processed foods consumption and health-related outcomes: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Aramburu Adolfo , Alvarado-Gamarra Giancarlo , Cornejo Rubelio , Curi-Quinto Katherine , Díaz-Parra Carmen del Pilar , Rojas-Limache Gabriela , Lanata Claudio F. 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionThe increase in ultra-processed foods (UPFs) intake has raised concerns about its impact on public health. Prospective observational studies have reported significant associations between higher intake of UPFs and adverse health outcomes. The aim of this study is to determine whether these associations could be confirmed in randomized controlled trials (RCTs).MethodsWe conducted a systematic review to analyze the evidence on the effects of UPFs intake on health. A systematic search was conducted in Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, LILACS, and CENTRAL up to April 22, 2024. RCTs in English, Spanish, and Portuguese evaluating the health effects of interventions to modify UPFs intake were included. The certainty of evidence was determined using the GRADE methodology.ResultsThree educational intervention studies and one controlled feeding trial were included, evaluating the effect of reducing the consumption of UPFs (455 participants, median follow-up, 12 weeks). No significant effects were observed in 30 out of the 42 outcomes evaluated. The controlled feeding trial in adults with stable weight showed a reduction in energy intake, carbohydrates, and fat (low certainty of evidence), as well as in body weight, total cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol (moderate certainty of evidence). In the educational intervention studies, a reduction in body weight and waist circumference was observed (low certainty of evidence) in women with obesity, as well as improvement in some dimensions of quality of life (very low certainty of evidence). No significant changes were observed in children and adolescents with obesity, while in overweight pregnant women, the consumption of UPFs was not reduced, so the observed benefits could be attributed to other components of the intervention.ConclusionInterventions aimed at reducing the consumption of UPFs showed benefits on some anthropometric and dietary intake outcomes, although significant effects were not observed for most of the evaluated outcomes. The limited number and significant methodological limitations of the studies prevent definitive conclusions. Further well-designed and conducted RCTs are needed to understand the effects of UPF consumption on health.Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023469984
Integrating network pharmacology and experimental verification to reveal the anti-inflammatory ingredients and molecular mechanism of pycnogenol
Authors: Liu Hongyu , Shi Jie , Liu Fei , Zhang Litao 
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Pycnogenol (PYC), a standardized extract from French maritime pine, has traditionally been used to treat inflammation. However, its primary active components and their mechanisms of action have not yet been determined.Methods: This study employed UPLC-MS/MS (Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry) and network pharmacology to identify the potential active components of PYC and elucidate their anti-inflammatory mechanisms by cell experiments.Results: 768 PYC compounds were identified and 19 anti-inflammatory compounds were screened with 85 target proteins directly involved in the inflammation. PPI (protein-protein interaction) analysis identified IL6, TNF, MMP9, IL1B, AKT1, IFNG, CXCL8, NFKB1, CCL2, IL10, and PTGS2 as core targets. KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) enrichment analysis suggested that the compound in PYC might exert anti-inflammatory effects through the IL17 and TNF signal pathways. Cell experiments determined that PYC treatment can reduce the expression of IL6 and IL1β to relieve inflammation in LPS (lipopolysaccharide)-induced BV2 cells.Conclusion: PYC could affect inflammation via multi-components, -targets, and -mechanisms.
Transcriptome analysis revealed the role of moderate exogenous methyl jasmonate treatments in enhancing the metabolic pathway of L-borneol in the Blumea balsamifera
Authors: Guan Lingliang , Lin Na , Wan Lingyun , Yu Fulai , Chen Xiaolu , Xie Xiaoli , Yuan Chao , Soaud Salma A. , Abd Elhamid Mohamed A. , Heakel Rania M. Y. , Wang Linghui , El-Sappah Ahmed H. 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionBlumea balsamifera L. (Ainaxiang) DC. is a perennial herb of the compositae family. It is also the primary source of natural borneol. Endo-borneol, the principal medical active element in B. balsamifera, is anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and analgesic; enhances medicine absorption; refreshes; and is used as a spice and in cosmetic. Industrialization of B. balsamifera is limited by its low L-borneol concentration. Thus, understanding the accumulation pattern of the secondary metabolite endo-borneol and its synthesis process in secondary metabolism is critical for increasing B. balsamifera active ingredient content and cultivation efficiency.MethodsIn this work, B. balsamifera was treated with varying concentrations (1.00 and 10.00 mmol/L) of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) as an exogenous foliar activator. The physiological parameters and L-borneol concentration were then assessed. Transcriptome sequencing of B. balsamifera-induced leaves was used to identify key genes for monoterpene synthesis.ResultsThe treatment effect of 1 mmol/L MeJA was the best, and the leaves of all three leaf positions accumulated the highest L-borneol after 120 h, correspondingly 3.043 mg·g−1 FW, 3.346 mg·g−1 FW, and 2.044 mg·g−1 FW, with significant differences from the control. The main assembly produced 509,285 transcripts with min and max lengths of 201 and 23,172, respectively. DEG analysis employing volcano blots revealed 593, 224, 612, 2,405, 1,353, and 921 upregulated genes and 4, 123, 573, 1,745, 766, and 763 downregulated genes in the treatments D1_1vsCK, D1_10vsCK, D2_1vsCK, D2_10vsCK, D5_1vsCK, and D5_10vsCK. Interestingly, when exposed to MeJA treatments, the MEP pathway’s unigenes express themselves more than those of the MVA route. Finally, when treated with 1 mmol/L, the genes DXR, DXS, and GPS showed increased expression over time. At the same time, a 10 mmol/L therapy resulted in elevated levels of ispH and GGPS.DiscussionOur preliminary research indicates that exogenous phytohormones can raise the level of L borneol in B. balsamifera (L.) DC when given in the appropriate amounts. The most significant discovery made while analyzing the effects of different hormones and concentrations on B. balsamifera (L.) DC was the effect of 1 mmol/L MeJA treatment.
They approve but they don’t act: promoting sustainable minority behavior with (conflicting) social norm appeals
Authors: Schorn Anna , Wirth Werner 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundSocial norm appeals are effective in promoting sustainable majority behavior but could backfire when the target behavior is only performed by a minority of people. However, emphasizing that an increasing number of people have started engaging in the behavior or that the majority approve the behavior might prevent such negative effects. However, only a few studies have investigated the combination of descriptive minority and injunctive majority social norm appeals, with inconsistent results. Some studies of minority behavior suggest that the characteristics of recipients might determine the inconsistent results regarding the impact of minority social norm appeals and that social norm appeals could have a greater impact on individuals with weaker environment related dispositions.MethodTwo two-wave studies investigated how descriptive minority appeals, injunctive majority appeals, and their combination can be used to motivate sustainable minority behavior and what role environment related dispositions play in this context. In the first part, perceived social norms, environment related dispositions, behavioral intentions, and pre-attitudes were measured. Two weeks later, respondents participated in a 3 (descriptive social norm appeal: static vs. dynamic vs. absent) × 2 (injunctive majority social norm appeal: present vs. absent) between-subjects experiment and watched an explainer video on voluntary carbon offsets that included various social norm appeals.ResultsIn both studies, we found that social norm appeals influenced perceived social norms. However, persuasive effects were only observed in the first study, and an injunctive majority appeal increased persuasive outcomes, but there were no differences between the descriptive conditions and no differences in their impact depending on individuals’ environment related dispositions in either study.DiscussionA single exposure may be insufficient to exert persuasive effects and the change in perceived social norms may first need to be internalized. In online explainer videos, the effects of social norm appeals could be amplified by algorithm-based suggestions and when social norm appeals draw attention to norm-conforming content. However, further research is required on the long-term effects and their possible amplification via social media.
Exploring the fear of clinical errors: associations with socio-demographic, professional, burnout, and mental health factors in healthcare workers – A nationwide cross-sectional study
Authors: Boyer Laurent , Wu Albert W. , Fernandes Sara , Tran Bach , Brousse Yann , Nguyen Tham Thi , Yon Dong Keon , Auquier Pascal , Lucas Guillaume , Boussat Bastien , Fond Guillaume 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundThe fear of clinical errors among healthcare workers (HCW) is an understudied aspect of patient safety. This study aims to describe this phenomenon among HCW and identify associated socio-demographic, professional, burnout and mental health factors.MethodsWe conducted a nationwide, online, cross-sectional study targeting HCW in France from May to June 2021. Recruitment was through social networks, professional networks, and email invitations. To assess the fear of making clinical errors, HCW were asked: “During your daily activities, how often are you afraid of making a professional error that could jeopardize patient safety?” Responses were collected on a 7-point Likert-type scale. HCW were categorized into “High Fear” for those who reported experiencing fear frequently (“once a week,” “a few times a week,” or “every day”), vs. “Low Fear” for less often. We used multivariate logistic regression to analyze associations between fear of clinical errors and various factors, including sociodemographic, professional, burnout, and mental health. Structural equation modeling was used to explore how this fear fits into a comprehensive theoretical framework.ResultsWe recruited a total of 10,325 HCW, of whom 25.9% reported “High Fear” (95% CI: 25.0–26.7%). Multivariate analysis revealed higher odds of “High Fear” among males, younger individuals, and those with less professional experience. High fear was more notable among physicians and nurses, and those working in critical care and surgery, on night shifts or with irregular schedules. Significant associations were found between “High Fear” and burnout, low professional support, major depressive disorder, and sleep disorders.ConclusionsFear of clinical errors is associated with factors that also influence patient safety, highlighting the importance of this experience. Incorporating this dimension into patient safety culture assessment could provide valuable insights and could inform ways to proactively enhance patient safety.
Assessment of the Aerodynamic and Aeroelastic Performance of Long-Span Twin-Box Bridges Based upon Multidimensional Surrogate Models
Authors: Badhurshah Rameez , Álvarez Antonio J. , Nieto Félix , Jurado José Á. , Hernández Santiago 
Published: June 2024

Twin-box decks are being extensively used in the design of long-span bridges due to their superior flutter performance. Although the significant role played by the gap distance has been previously addressed in the frame of experimental studies, there is still a lack of understanding about the complex interplay between box geometry, gap distance and the aerodynamic force coefficients and flutter derivatives. In the present work, firstly, a surrogate model is developed, considering three design inputs for the geometry of the deck along with the angle of attack, providing the force coefficients as output. Afterwards, the work is then extended by developing another surrogate model, considering as inputs the reduced velocity and the same geometric variables of the deck, with the outputs being the flutter derivatives. The methodology, comprising the selection of the design domain, the definition of the samples, the CFD-based evaluation of the samples' response and the construction of the surrogate through the application of the neural network-based radial basis method, is reviewed. The surrogate models enable a quantitative description of the impact caused in the force coefficients and the flutter derivatives by modifications in the geometry of the twin-box deck. It has been found that flutter derivatives H1*, H2* and A2* are strongly dependent on the gap distance.
Vildagliptin: Benchmarks of Rational Prescribing for a Busy General Practitioner
Authors: Голубев С.А. 
Published: June 2024

В данном практико-ориентированном обзоре представлены рекомендации по рациональному применению вилдаглиптина – типичного представителя сахароснижающих средств из группы ингибиторов дипептидилпептидазы 4-го типа – при лечении сахарного диабета в амбулаторных условиях. В качестве оснований для рекомендаций использованы данные клинической фармакологии, а также результаты клинического изучения эффективности и безопасности вилдаглиптина и его фармакологической группы в целом. Представлены параметры фармакодинамики и фармакокинетики, требующие учета при рациональном клиническом применении препарата. Рассмотрены основные вопросы оценки и коррекции профиля безопасности, включая гипогликемию, влияние на массу тела, сердечно-сосудистую систему. Отражены основания для индивидуального дифференцированного применения вилдаглиптина, включая учет нарушения функции почек и печени. Обсуждено место вилдаглиптина в современной иерархии антигипергликемических средств. Сделан акцент на клинической обоснованности раннего назначения комбинированной терапии метформином и вилдаглиптином. В настоящее время в условиях системы здравоохранения Беларуси вилдаглиптин является наиболее доступным препаратом среди новых сахароснижающих средств, что должно способствовать его скорейшему внедрению в широкую клиническую практику в составе двух- и трехкомпонентной фармакотерапии.
This practice-oriented review provides recommendations for the rational use of vildagliptin, a typical representative of glucose-lowering drugs from the group of dipeptidyl peptidase type 4 inhibitors, in the treatment of diabetes mellitus in an outpatient setting. Clinical pharmacology data, as well as the results of clinical studies of the effectiveness and safety of vildagliptin and its pharmacological group as a whole, were used as the basis for the recommendations. The parameters of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics that require consideration in the rational clinical use of the drug are presented. The main issues of assessing and adjusting the safety profile are described, including hypoglycemia, effects on body weight, and the cardiovascular system. The reasons for the individual differentiated use of vildagliptin are reflected, including taking into account renal and liver dysfunction. The place of vildagliptin in the modern hierarchy of antihyperglycemic agents is discussed. Emphasis is placed on the clinical validity of early prescription of combination therapy with metformin and vildagliptin. Currently, in the Belarusian healthcare system, vildagliptin is the most accessible drug among new hypoglycemic agents, which should facilitate its rapid introduction into widespread clinical practice as part of two- and three-component pharmacotherapy.
A New Drag for the Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Санникова Н.Н. , Артишевский С.Н. , Сушинский В.Э. 
Published: June 2024

Аллергический ринит – самое распространенное аллергическое заболевание. Тесалин – новый препарат растительного происхождения, предназначенный для лечения аллергического ринита. Для изучения механизмов действия препарата Тесалин проведены исследования, которые позволяют предположить, что основой его фармакологической активности является ингибирование синтеза лейкотриенов, гистамина и интерлейкинов. Клинические исследования показали эффективность и безопасность препарата Тесалин как у взрослых пациентов, так и у детей. Для сравнения эффективности широко используемых антигистаминных препаратов и препарата Тесалин проведены рандомизированные исследования. Тесалин, в отличие от традиционно используемых антигистаминных препаратов, значительно уменьшает назальную обструкцию, ингибируя синтез лейкотриенов, и не оказывает седативного и снотворного эффекта. При тяжелых формах аллергического ринита может приниматься в комбинации с другими препаратами: антигистаминными, топическими глюкокортикостероидами. Механизм действия Тесалина отличается от механизма действия антилейкотриеновых препаратов, возможно, в будущем он будет применяться для лечения бронхиальной астмы, хронических риносинуситов и полипов носа. Исследования показали профилактическое действие Тесалина и возможность его использования не только для купирования симптомов, но и для их предупреждения.
Allergic rhinitis is the most common allergic disease. Tesalin is a new herbal drug intended for the treatment of allergic rhinitis. To study the mechanisms of action of the drug Tesalin, studies have been conducted that suggest that the basis of its pharmacological activity is the inhibition of the synthesis of leukotrienes, histamine and interleukins. Clinical studies have shown the effectiveness and safety of Tesalin in both adult patients and children. Randomized studies were conducted to compare the effectiveness of commonly used antihistamines and the drug Tesalin. Tesalin, unlike traditionally used antihistamines, significantly reduces nasal obstruction by inhibiting the synthesis of leukotrienes, and does not have a sedative and hypnotic effect. In severe forms of allergic rhinitis, it can be taken in combination with other drugs: antihistamines, topical glucocorticoids. The mechanism of action of Tesalin differs from the mechanism of action of antileukotriene drugs; perhaps in the future it will be used to treat bronchial asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps. The study showed the preventive effect of Tesalin and the possibility of its use not only to relieve symptoms, but also to prevent them.
EFFECT OF POTASSIUM SOURCES ON SOME POTATO CULTIVARS GROWN IN SANDY SOIL BY USING PIVOT IRRIGATION SYSTEM
Authors: Mousa, T. A.E  , Samar, A. Bardisi  , H. E. M. Esmail  , G. A. Zaed  
Published: June 2024

Study was carried out during two successive summer seasons of 2021 and 2022 at private filed in El-Salhyia El-Gadida District, Sharkia Governorate, to study response of some potato cultivars to potassium sources as foliar application under sandy soil conditions using pivot irrigation system. This experiment included 25 treatments, which were the combinations between five potato cultivars (Spunta , Santana , Cara , Lady Rosetta and Hermes) and four potassium sources treatments , i.e. spraying with potassium silicate (KSil , (potassium citrate (KCit), potassium folvate (KF) and potassium thiosulpahte (KTS) as well as control (without spraying). These treatments were arranged in a split plot design with three replicates. Potato cultivars were randomly arranged in the main plots and potassium sources were randomly distributed in the sub plots. Spraying Cara cultivar with KCit increased number of tubers/ plant and total yield /hectare, whereas spraying Spunta cultivar with KCit increased average tuber weight in both seasons. While, spraying Hermes cultivar with KSil as foliar spray increased DM, starch and total carbohydrates in tubers. Spunta cultivar with water only increased total sugars in tubers. In addition, the fertilization of Cara cultivar with KCit as a foliar application recorded a relative increase in the total yield of tubers amounting to about 72.50% as an average of the two seasons compared to the same cultivar without.