bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrograde Headless Intramedullary Screw Fixation for Displaced Fifth Metacarpal Neck and Shaft Fractures: Short Term Results
Authors: Doarn Michael C. , Nydick Jason A. , Williams Bailee D. , Garcia Michael J. 
Published: March 2014

Background This study aimed to evaluate the early clinical outcomes of retrograde headless intramedullary screw fixation for displaced fifth metacarpal neck and shaft fractures. Methods We retrospectively reviewed nine patients treated with retrograde intramedullary screw fixation of fifth metacarpal neck and shaft fractures between 2011 and 2013. Patient demographics and outcomes including hand dominance, age, sex, type of injury, injury and postoperative radiographs, return to work, time to fracture union radiographically, complications, visual analog score, disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand scores, postoperative metacarpophalangeal joint range of motion, and grip strength were recorded. Results Nine fractures in nine patients with a mean age of 32 years (19–54) were included. There were seven metacarpal neck and two metacarpal shaft fractures. All patients sustained injury by direct impact of fist against an object. No case involved worker's compensation. Patients had a mean follow-up of 36 weeks (6–57 weeks) and at the time of latest follow-up had no pain. Mean radiographic healing was 49 days (28–85 days). Mean return to work was 6 weeks (4–10 weeks). Mean metacarpalphalangeal joint motion was 0° extension and 90° flexion. Mean disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand scores pre- and postoperatively improved from 43 to 0.7, respectively. The mean postoperative grip strength was measured of the injured hand (40 kg) and un-injured hand (41 kg). Conclusions Retrograde headless intramedullary screw fixation of fifth metacarpal neck and shaft fractures has overall favorable early outcomes and offers the benefit of stable fixation, early motion without cast immobilization, and the ability for early return to work. This technique is a viable surgical option for these fractures and may be considered in the appropriate patient population.
Qualitative Analysis of Mafic Dyke Swarms and Kimberlites from Morphological and Geophysical Signatures, NW of Proterozoic Cuddapah Basin, Eastern Dharwar Craton
Authors: Reddy R. Ananda 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Widespread distribution of mafic dykes and scanty occurrence of ultrabasic intrusives of kimberlitic affinity around Proterozoic Cuddapah basin, parts of Eastern Dharwar craton of south India has been the focus of attention since their discovery, to understand the structural fabric in relation to their emplacement in geological time. Satellite Imagery, geomorphological, geophysical and radiometric age data of Narayanpet area, northwest of Cuddappah basin, have clearly displayed the alignments and structures of geological significance, such as deep seated fault / fracture / shear zones, stratigraphic / lithological contacts, basic / ultrabasic intrusives and younger granites etc,. Based on the field observations such as emplacement of mafic dykes, their cross cutting relationship, study of morphological and geophysical signatures, inferred linears drawn from satellite imagery, aeromagnetic and gravity maps are arranged in a chronological order. A system of long, narrow and widely spaced dykes trending NW-SE direction conformable to gneissic foliation, typically associated with migmatites in the southwestern part of the study area are the oldest. Followed by E-W dykes, cut across by the sparsely distributed dykes associated with NW-SE and N-S features and in turn off set by dykes of NE-SW trends are the youngest.
Kimberlites of Narayanpet area, belongs to hypabysal facies, which are essentially controlled by E-W to ENE-WSW deep seated fault / fracture zone, their intersection with NW-SE, NE-SW to N-S trends, which may have been reactivated during Proterozoic period as indicated by the intrusion of mafic dykes (~2270 to 1701 Ma) and emplacement of kimberlitic magmatism (~1300 to 1100 Ma) suggesting different intrusive episodes. Kimberlite pipes of Narayanpet field, falls in an ellipsoid form trending WNW-ESE direction in the northern part of the area, associated with radial drainage / topographic high and a gravity low. In addition, physical properties such as density and magnetic susceptibilities of mafic dykes and kimberlites, their geophysical signatures, emplacement of kimberlites at the close vicinity of mafic dykes or at their intersections have also been discussed.
A New Occurrence of Thorianite from Syenitic Pegmatite near Bhaluchuan, Odisha
Authors: Singh Yamuna , Bagora S. , Viswanathan R. , Babu P.V. Ramesh , Parihar P.S. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
We report a new occurrence of thorianite from syenitic pegmatite near Bhaluchuan, Sambalpur district, Odisha. The thorianite is brown to deep-brown with round grains of 2 to 10 mm size. The chemical analysis of the investigated thorianite reveals 64.8% ThO2, 25% U3O8, 3.81% PbO and 1.7% Fe2O3. Calculated structural formula of the thorianite is (Th+40.61U+40.14U+60.08ΣREE+30.017Pb+20.04Ca+20.01Mn+20.001Fe+30.05Al+30.003Sc+20.002K+10.005Na+10.008Si+40.04Ti+40.02)O2.08. Chondrite-normalised rare-earth element (REE) plot of the thorianite reveals enrichment of light REE (LREE) over heavy REE (HREE) with pronounced negative Eu-anomaly (Eu/Eu* = 0.35). The (ΣLREE/ΣHREE)N ratio is perceptibly high (2.76). The (La/Lu)N (42.31), (La/Yb)N (27.49) and (Ce/Yb)N (21.58) ratios are also very high.
X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the investigated thorianite displays sharply-defined reflections. Corresponding interplanar spacings (d-spacings) of all the reflections are in very close agreement with those published for thorianite standard in International Centre for Diffraction Data (ICDD) Card No. 4-556. However, I/Io of two reflections (1.9694Å and 1.6787Å) are lower than those published for thorianite standard. The unit cell parameter (ao) of the investigated thorianite (ao 5.5750Å) is also less than ao of thorianite standard (ao 5.6000Å and V 175.62Å3), which is because of extensive substitution of Th by U.
Diverse Mode of Phosphatic Rocks in the Environs of Proterozoic Bijawar and Sonrai Basins and its Relevance to Uranium Mineralisation – A Case Study from Central India
Authors: Roy Madhuparna , Rawat T. P. S. , Bhairam C. L. , Parihar P. S. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The Bundelkhand massif comprising a variety of Archean-Paleoproterozoic granitoids along with low grade and high-grade metamorphites and located in the centre of the Indian Plate, underwent extension during Paleoproterozoic period, resulting in the formation of homotaxial intracratonic Bijawar and Sonrai basins in the south and Gwalior basin in the northern margin. The Bijawar and Sonrai basins are typified by their characteristic sediments and basic volcanic rocks. A feature common to both the basins, is the overwhelming occurrence of phosphatic rocks across stratigraphy and lithotype in the Bijawar basin and its confinement to the basal part of the sedimentary column in Sonrai basin. Most of these rocks are primarily of marine origin, and later subjected to periods of repeated phosphatic redistribution. Multiple episodes of such phosphatisation culminates in the proliferation and enrichment of phosphate in the upper Bijawar rocks of Bijawar basin (phosphatic breccia of Hirapur-Mardeora) and lower Bijawar rocks of Sonrai basin (phosphatic breccia of Lalitpur). Apart from these established phosphatic rocks in both the basins, quartz reefs occurring in the basement as well as the lower Bijawar Malhera Chert Breccia Formation in Bijawar basin at places are endowed with anomalously high phosphate content. The phosphatic component in all the lithotypes is in the form of apatite varying in form from microcrystalline to well formed coarser crystal aggregate comprising cement, veins and botroidal encrustations. Irrespective of its spatial, temporal and paragenetic position, it invariably registers weak to moderate radioactivity, due to the presence of uranium within it, as is evident from microprobe data. Although intra-grain and inter-grain distribution of uranium is found to be random and erratic, in general, it is observed that uranium tends to be enriched in the later generation phosphates, due to secondary process of dissolution and reprecipitation. The present paper, with fresh inputs from petrological, geochemical, minerochemical and isotope data pertaining to apatite from all these diverse units, not only explores the already established association of uranium and phosphate in these basins but also provides new insight to the phosphatic quartz reef within the basement and the phosphatised arenaceous sediments of the lower Bijawar Formation.
Ground Water Recharge in Urban Areas – Experience of Rain Water Harvesting
Authors: Singh Saumya , Samaddar A. B. , Srivastava R. K. , Pandey H. K. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract:
Water consumption is likely to increase substantially in the future on account of rising population, economic growth, and social development. Rapid urbanization and population growth of Allahabad city, has necessitated thinking about the declination in ground water level as well as supply of sufficient quantity of water for future either for drinking purpose or industrial use. In the present study, rainfall recharge of Allahabad city has been computed on GIS platform (ArcInfo). Groundwater recharge potential zones of Allahabad city have also been found out using GIS. Case study of recharge of ground water through roof top rainwater harvesting at Vikas Bhawan (a multistoryed building), Allahabad is discussed. An implementation of this analysis and decision making software is expected to work for sustainable water management.
Hydrogeochemical Investigation and Groundwater Quality Assessment of Pratapgarh District, Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Tiwari Ashwani Kumar , Singh Abhay Kumar 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Hydogrochemical investigation of groundwater resources of Paragraph district has been carried out to assess the solute acquisition processes and water quality for domestic and irrigation uses. Fifty-five groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, hardness, major anions (F−, Cl−, NO3, HCO3−, SO42−) and cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+). Study results reveal that groundwater of the area is alkaline in nature and HCO3−, Cl−, Mg2+, Na+ and Ca2+ are the major contributing ions to the dissolved solids. The hydrogeochemical data suggest that weathering of rock forming minerals along with secondary contributions from agricultural and anthropogenic sources are mainly controlling the groundwater composition of Pratapgarh district. Alkaline earth metals (Ca2++Mg2+) exceed alkalis (Na++K+) and weak acid (HCO3−) dominate over strong acids (Cl−+SO42−) in majority of the groundwater samples. Ca-Mg-HCO3 and Ca-Mg-Cl-HCO3 are the dominant hydrogeochemical facies in the groundwater of the area. The computed saturation indices demonstrate oversaturated condition with respect to dolomite and calcite and undersaturated with gypsum and fluorite. A comparison of groundwater quality parameters in relation to specified limits for drinking water shows that concentrations of TDS, F−, NO3− and total hardness exceed the desirable limits in many water samples. Quality assessment for irrigation uses reveal that the groundwater is good for irrigation. However, values of salinity, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), %Na and Kelley index are exceeding the prescribed limit at some sites, demanding adequate drainage and water management plan for the area.
Identifying atrial arrhythmias versus pacing‐induced rhythm disorders with state‐of‐the‐art cardiac implanted devices
Authors: Kohno Ritsuko , Oginosawa Yasushi , Abe Haruhiko 
Published: March 2014

AbstractRepetitive non‐reentrant ventriculo‐atrial synchrony (RNRVAS) is a pacemaker‐induced arrhythmia that must be distinguished from atrial fibrillation (AF). Pacemaker‐induced arrhythmias are commonly detected as atrial high rate episodes (AHRE) by implanted cardiac devices. Two main types of atrial oversensing are recognized: far‐field R‐wave (FFRW) oversensing and pacemaker‐induced arrhythmias, which include pacemaker‐mediated tachycardia and RNRVAS. The presence of ventriculo‐atrial conduction is required for both types of pacemaker‐induced arrhythmias. The incidence of RNRVAS can increase with the use of various device settings and functions, such as long atrioventricular (AV) interval programming, the rate‐adaptive mode, and the atrial overdrive pacing algorithm. The negative aspects of pacemaker‐induced arrhythmias, especially RNRVAS, include (1) loss of optimal AV delay, (2) inappropriate increase in ventricular pacing, (3) induction of atrial arrhythmias, and (4) inaccurate diagnosis of AHRE. We review the incidence of arrhythmias, electrophysiological mechanisms, and the clinical diagnosis of RNRVAS identified by using dual‐chamber implantable cardiac devices.
PDGFRβ and FGFR2 mediate endothelial cell differentiation capability of triple negative breast carcinoma cells
Authors: Plantamura Ilaria , Casalini Patrizia , Dugnani Erica , Sasso Marianna , D'Ippolito Elvira , Tortoreto Monica , Cacciatore Matilde , Guarnotta Carla , Ghirelli Cristina , Barajon Isabella , Bianchi Francesca , Triulzi Tiziana , Agresti Roberto , Balsari Andrea , Campiglio Manuela , Tripodo Claudio , Iorio Marilena V. , Tagliabue Elda 
Published: March 2014

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a very aggressive subgroup of breast carcinoma, still lacking specific markers for an effective targeted therapy and with a poorer prognosis compared to other breast cancer subtypes.In this study we investigated the possibility that TNBC cells contribute to the establishment of tumor vascular network by the process known as vasculogenic mimicry, through endothelial cell differentiation.Vascular‐like functional properties of breast cancer cell lines were investigated in vitro by tube formation assay and in vivo by confocal microscopy, immunofluorescence or immunohistochemistry on frozen tumor sections. TNBCs express endothelial markers and acquire the ability to form vascular‐like channels in vitro and in vivo, both in xenograft models and in human specimens, generating blood lacunae surrounded by tumor cells. Notably this feature is significantly associated with reduced disease free survival. The impairment of the main pathways involved in vessel formation, by treatment with inhibitors (i.e. Sunitinib and Bevacizumab) or by siRNA‐mediating silencing, allowed the identification of PDGFRβ and FGFR2 as relevant players in this phenomenon. Inhibition of these tyrosine kinase receptors negatively affects vascular lacunae formation and significantly inhibits TNBC growth in vivo.In summary, we demonstrated that TNBCs have the ability to form vascular‐like channels in vitro and to generate blood lacunae lined by tumor cells in vivo. Moreover, this feature is associated with poor outcome, probably contributing to the aggressiveness of this breast cancer subgroup. Finally, PDGFRβ and FGFR2‐mediated pathways, identified as relevant in mediating this characteristic, potentially represent valid targets for a specific therapy of this breast cancer subgroup.
Sektorenübergreifende Qualitätssicherung und die Rolle des G-BA
Authors: Klakow-Franck Regina 
Published: March 2014

Einleitung
Die Entwicklung der Qualitätssicherung in Deutschland kann auf eine lange Tradition zurückblicken. Seit nunmehr 10 Jahren obliegt dem Gemeinsamen Bundesausschuss die Aufgabe, Mindeststandards für die Qualität der Patientenversorgung festzulegen. Der gesetzliche Auftrag wurde sukzessive erweitert und legt seit 2007 explizit den Fokus auf die sektorenübergreifende Qualitätssicherung. Anhand der ersten Ergebnisse zu den beauftragten sektorenübergreifenden QS-Verfahren zeigt sich deutlich, wo Umsetzungsprobleme und der Weiterentwicklungsbedarf in der sektorenübergreifenden Qualitätssicherung liegen.
A Barrel of Oil or a Bottle of Wine: How Do Global Growth Dynamics Affect Commodity Prices?
Authors: Cevik Serhan , Saadi Sedik Tahsin 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis paper explores empirically the causes of extreme fluctuations in commodity prices from January 1990 to June 2010 and seeks to identify the relative contribution of advanced and emerging market economies to the changes in commodity prices. Our assumption is that analyzing two very distinct goods—crude oil and fine wine—helps to identify common determinants of commodity prices. We find that the growth rate of global aggregate demand is the key macroeconomic determinant of the fluctuations in both crude oil and fine wine prices over the sample period. While advanced economies account for more than half of global consumption, emerging market and developing economies make up the bulk of the incremental change in demand, thereby having a greater weight in commodity price formation. The coefficient of emerging market industrial output growth is about three times as high as that of advanced economies in oil price regressions and almost five times as powerful in fine wine price regressions. The results also show that the shift in the composition of aggregate commodity demand is a recent phenomenon. (JEL Classifications: Q11, Q39, Q41, Q43)
Accounts and balance sheet of Hull Whale Fishery Company, 1754–1757
Authors: Stonehouse Bernard 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTA recently-discovered financial balance sheet, accounting for the first four years’ transactions of the Hull Whale Fishery Company (1754–1757), adds detail to present knowledge of British Arctic whaling economics during the early years of the industry. This article summarises previously-known information on the Company and its four ships, and provides transcripts of the balance sheet covering the profits and losses of the early voyages. Based on tabulated details from the transcripts, and additional data from Customs records and muster rolls, it discusses ships, crews, voyages, catches and expenses, the products of oil and baleen, and the profits derived from them. It makes brief comparisons with similar data from Bristol and Exeter in the formative years of the industry, and draws attention to the key significance of the 40 shilling (£2) bounty during the early years.
Towards a cognitive model of hallucinations in the course of alcohol dependence? A source monitoring-based pilot study
Authors: Gawęda Ł. , Mikuła J. , Szelenbaum W. , Kokoszka A. 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundWe investigated whether source-monitoring deficits (here a discrimination between imagined and performed actions) underlie hallucinations among patients with a history of hallucinations in the course of their alcohol dependence.MethodWe assessed 29 patients with alcohol dependence who had no history of hallucinations during their course of alcoholism and 29 patients with a history of at least one episode of hallucinations of any modality during their course of alcohol dependency. The control group consisted of 24 healthy participants. Participants were assessed with an action memory task. Simple actions were presented to the participants verbally or non-verbally. Some actions were performed physically and others were imagined. In the recognition phase, participants were asked whether the action was presented verbally or non-verbally (action presentation type discrimination) and whether the action was performed or imagined (self-monitoring). A confidence score related to self-monitoring responses was also obtained.ResultsAlcoholics with a history of hallucinations misremembered imagined actions as perceived ones more frequently than patients without hallucinations, but not the reverse. Only patients with a history of hallucinations committed more errors of this type than healthy subjects. There were no group differences regarding discrimination between an action presentation type. Both clinical groups committed errors with a higher degree of confidence than healthy subjects.ConclusionsOur results tentatively suggest that a specific type of source-monitoring deficit (i.e. confusing imagery with reality) may be involved in the hallucinations in patients with alcohol dependence. The findings are discussed in the light of a transdiagnostic approach to hallucinations.
Mandatory retirement for older professional drivers: an exploration of experiences for older Singaporean taxi drivers
Authors: CHAN MEI LENG , GUSTAFSSON L. , LIDDLE JACKI 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTSingapore has an age-based mandatory retirement policy for taxi drivers. In 2006, the upper age limit of mandatory retirement was raised from 70 to 73 years for healthy, older taxi drivers. Retirement from taxi driving in Singapore often results in simultaneous retirement from work and forced driving cessation due to limited private vehicle ownership. While both retirement from work and driving cessation have been found to have negative implications for health and wellbeing in Western countries, little is known about the effects of mandatory retirement and driving cessation for healthy professional drivers in an Asian context. This study aimed to explore the mandatory retirement experience of older Singaporean taxi drivers, aged 70–73 years. In-depth interviews were conducted within a descriptive phenomenological approach with 23 older Singaporean taxi drivers who were retired or retiring drivers. Findings showed the experience to be dominated by retirement from work issues rather than by driving cessation. Three themes described the experiences: ‘stories of taxi driving’, ‘feeling lost in retirement’ and ‘contradictions of growing old in Singapore’. Taxi driving was a valued role. Despite an expected retirement, most participants were not prepared for the retirement transition. They struggled with emotional adjustment, financial vulnerability, identity, reduction in life-space and meaningful activity participation. Participants felt under-valued despite having personal achievements and support from family and ‘successful ageing’ policies. Work remained a preferred activity despite limited re-employment opportunities. The unique context of expected but forced retirement, financial need in a non-welfare system, high cultural value on work, and limited options for productive or meaningful activities and roles, predisposed this sub-group of older Singaporean men to be vulnerable retirees in terms of identity and wellbeing issues. Support for a stressful late-life transition is indicated for continued health and wellbeing.
AN ARITHMETICAL EXCURSION VIA STONEHAM NUMBERS
Authors: COONS MICHAEL 
Published: March 2014

AbstractLet$\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}p$be a prime and$b$a primitive root of$p^2$. In this paper, we give an explicit formula for the number of times a value in$\{0,1,\ldots,b-1\}$occurs in the periodic part of the base-$b$expansion of$1/p^m$. As a consequence of this result, we prove two recent conjectures of Aragón Artacho et al. [‘Walking on real numbers’,Math. Intelligencer35(1) (2013), 42–60] concerning the base-$b$expansion of Stoneham numbers.