bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bodenmechanische Charakterisierung der Scherfestigkeit von Braunkohlen des Mitteldeutschen Reviers
Authors: Baille Wiebke , Sandner Wolfgang , Sawade Gottfried , Schad Hermann , Schanz Tom 
Published: December 2012

AbstractDieser Aufsatz beinhaltet die experimentelle Ermittlung von Scherfestigkeitsparametern an Braunkohle aus dem mitteldeutschen Revier. Hauptuntersuchungsgegenstand waren die klein‐ und mittel‐ bis grobstückigen Kohlevarietäten (Gelbe Kohle, Braune Kohle) des Flözes 23 im Tagebau Profen/Schwerzau. Die ermittelten Werte der Scherfestigkeit dienen dazu, bisher bei Standsicherheitsuntersuchungen verwendete Kennwerteansätze zu verifizieren sowie einen möglichen Unterschied in der Scherfestigkeit zwischen der Braunen Kohle und der in Bänderung auftretenden Gelben Kohle festzustellen. Es wurden Triaxialversuche und in situ Scherversuche durchgeführt. Aufgrund der empfindlichen Struktur der kleinstückigen Kohlevarietät waren besondere Maßnahmen bei Probenahme und Probenvorbereitung erforderlich. Es wurde kein signifikanter Unterschied in der Scherfestigkeit zwischen der Braunen und Gelben Kohlevarietät festgestellt. Die aus Triaxial‐ und in situ Scherversuch bestimmten Scherfestigkeiten unterscheiden sich, was zum einen mit der unterschiedlichen Struktur der untersuchten Kohle (kleinstückig vs. mittel‐/ grobstückig) als auch mit den unterschiedlichen Randbedingungen der Versuche begründet werden kann. Die Scherfestigkeiten wurden denen von erdig‐mulmiger Kohle aus der Literatur vergleichend gegenübergestellt.Characterisation of shear strength of brown coal from central GermanyThis paper deals with experiments which were performed to determine the shear strength parameters of different varieties of Brown Coal (lignite) from central Germany. Object of investigation were the lignitic coal varieties with fragmentary structure (Yellow Coal and Brown Coal) of seam 23 in the Profen/Schwerzau mine and the compact coal of seam 1 in the Profen mine. The determined shear strength values were aimed at verifying the parameters used for stability analysis so far as well as for determining possible differences in shear strength between the Yellow Coal and Brown Coal varieties. An experimental program was realized including triaxial and in‐situ shear tests. The sampling and the specimen preparation for laboratory testing required special measures due to the sensitive structure of the coal variety with fragmentary fabric. The shear strength of the variety Yellow Coal and Brown Coal was found to be nearly identical. However, the shear strength as determined from triaxial tests and in‐situ shear tests differ from each other, which can be explained by the different structure of the material tested (small‐fragmentary structure versus medium/large‐fragmentary structure) at the one hand and by the different boundary conditions during the test.
Analgesic ineffectiveness of lacosamide after spinal nerve ligation and its sodium channel activity in injured neurons
Authors: Hagenacker T. , Schäfer N. , Büsselberg D. , Schäfers M. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackgroundLacosamide is a novel anti‐epileptic drug that enhances the slow‐ and not fast‐inactivating state of voltage‐gated sodium channels. Lacosamide has demonstrated analgesic efficacy in several animal studies but preclinical studies on neuropathic pain models are rare, and recent clinical trials showed no superior analgesic effects.MethodsHere, we examine whether an acute or chronic administration of lacosamide (3–60 mg/kg, i.p.) attenuates pain behaviour induced by spinal nerve ligation (SNL). To validate the inhibitory efficacy of lacosamide on voltage‐gated sodium channels, sodium currents in naïve and SNL‐injured dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons were recorded using whole‐cell patch clamping.ResultsLacosamide only marginally attenuated thermal hyperalgesia, but not tactile allodynia when applied once 7 or 14 days after SNL and showed no analgesic effect when applied daily for 19 days. In naïve neurons, 100 μmol/L lacosamide inhibited sodium channel currents by 58% and enhanced the slow inactivation (87% for lacosamide vs. 47% for control). In contrast, lacosamide inhibited sodium currents in injured DRG neurons by only 15%, while the effects on slow inactivation were diminished. Isolated currents from the NaV1.8 channel subtype were only marginally changed by lacosamide.ConclusionThe reduced effectiveness of lacosamide on voltage‐gated sodium channel currents in injured DRG neurons may contribute to the reduced analgesic effect observed for the SNL model.
Changes in the epigenetic status of the SOX-9 promoter in human osteoarthritic cartilage
Authors: Kim Kyung-Il , Park Youn-Soo , Im Gun-Il 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Whether osteoarthritis (OA) is associated with alterations in the epigenetic status of anabolic factors is largely unknown. To answer the question, we investigated the DNA methylation and histone modification of SOX-9 gene promoter, a typical anabolic gene, in the articular cartilage from nine patients with femoral neck fractures without OA and from nine hip OA patients. Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) and bisulfite sequencing analysis (BSQ) showed that the methylation of SOX-9 promoter was increased in OA cartilage compared to normal cartilage. The decreased SOX-9 gene and protein expression in OA chondrocytes was reversed by the treatment of 5-azacytidine (5-AzaC), the demethylating agent. Methylation of SOX-9 proximal promoters reduced the binding affinity of transcription factors CCAAT-binding factor/nuclear factor-Y and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element–binding. There was a significant increase in H3K9 and H3K27 trimethylation and a significant decrease in the acetylation of H3K9, 15, 18, 23, and 27 at SOX-9 promoters in OA chondrocytes. These findings suggest that hip OA is associated with a change in the epigenetic status of SOX-9 promoter, including increased DNA methylation and altered histone modification. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Germanium recovery by catechol complexation and subsequent flow through membrane and bead‐packed bed column
Authors: Takemura Hiroaki , Morisada Shintaro , Ohto Keisuke , Kawakita Hidetaka , Matsuo Yoshiyasu , Fukuda Daisuke 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDIon‐exchange has been a powerful tool for metal recovery. Germanium has been recovered using the commercially available N‐methylglucamine resin. To treat waste‐water from solar panel displays a method to separate selectively germanium from silicate ion was required. A novel recovery of germanium is proposed in which germanium is complexed with catechol in solution and the complex solution flowed through a membrane or bead‐packed bed.RESULTSBy changing pH, germanium was complexed with catechol, 3‐methylcatechol and 4‐nitrocatechol in solution and the solution was adsorbed on the membrane in a batch mode, demonstrating that catechol exhibited a high adsorption performance in neutral pH. In a continuous system, the membrane achieved faster adsorption of the germanium complex than a bead‐packed bed.CONCLUSIONThe high‐speed recovery of germanium was due to the transport to the vicinity of quaternary amino group in the membrane via convection. A germanium solution containing silicate ions was passed through the membrane system, resulting in highly selective recovery of germanium ion. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Different fate of Pb and Cu at varied peroxide concentrations during the modified Fenton reaction in soil and its effect on the degradation of 2,4‐dinitrotoluene
Authors: Jho Eun Hea , Jung Jae‐Woong , Nam Kyoungphile 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDMilitary areas such as firing ranges have serious contamination problems due to both heavy metals and nitroaromatic compounds (NACs). The feasibility of modified Fenton reactions for remediation of NACs is studied by investigating the fate of lead (Pb) and copper (Cu) during the modified Fenton reactions and its effect on the degradation of 2,4‐dinitrotoluene (2,4‐DNT) in soils at various hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentrations.RESULTSDuring the reactions, the Pb fate was not affected at ≤0.2 mol L−1 H2O2, but final aqueous phase Pb was higher in the samples than in the controls at >0.2 mol L−1 H2O2. These changes in the Pb fate resulted in interference with 2,4‐DNT degradation at ≥0.2 mol L−1 H2O2. Similarly, aqueous phase Cu was higher in samples with >0.2 mol L−1 H2O2 than in the controls; however, unlike Pb, these changes did not have adverse effects on 2,4‐DNT degradation.CONCLUSIONThe different effects of heavy metals such as Pb and Cu on 2,4‐DNT degradation in soils during modified Fenton reactions need to be understood to optimize 2,4‐DNT degradation performance. The results help to advance the Fenton reaction applications for the remediation of soils contaminated with Pb or Cu and 2,4‐DNT mixtures. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Larval development of japanese “conchostracans”: Part 3, larval development of lynceus biformis (crustacea, branchiopoda, laevicaudata) based on scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Olesen Jørgen , Fritsch Martin , Grygier Mark J. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractFor comparison with the remarkable larvae of the laevicaudatan (clam shrimp) Lynceus brachyurus, a basic description of the larval sequence of another laevicaudatan branchiopod, the Japanese Lynceus biformis, is provided. Four larval stages have been identified, ranging in size from 258 to 560 μm in length. The first stage has no flattened dorsal shield, in contrast to the three following stages, in which such a shield is present. During development, the only significant changes to the naupliar appendages occur in the antenna at the molt from stage 1 to 2, with the addition of a fourth apical seta to the endopod and a change in the form of the naupliar process, used for food manipulation, from a long, unbranched, pointed spine to a bifid structure. In addition, buds of trunk limbs (five pairs) first appear externally in stage 4 but can be recognized through the cuticle in the previous stage. The larval sequence and larval morphology of L. biformis differ from those of L. brachyurus in at least two respects. L. brachyurus has a dorsal shield in the earliest known stages, but such a shield is lacking in the first stage of L. biformis. Another difference is that L. brachyurus has a huge, flattened, kidney‐shaped labrum, whereas that of L. biformis is smaller and bears four robust, denticulate spines on the distal margin. Based on out‐group comparison, the morphology of L. biformis, at least in these respects, is likely to represent the ancestral morphology. Despite the partly peculiar morphology of the larvae of Lynceus species, they share many similarities with other branchiopod larvae, at least two of which, the naupliar swimming/feeding apparatus and the mode of development of the trunk limbs, could be considered synapomorphies for the Branchiopoda. J. Morphol., 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
We're all in this together…except for you: The effects of workload, performance feedback, and racial distance on helping behavior in teams
Authors: del Carmen Triana María , Porter Christopher O. L. H. , DeGrassi Sandra W. , Bergman Mindy 
Published: December 2012

SummaryWe draw from social categorization theory and the actor–observer hypothesis to extend previous research regarding receiving high levels of help from team members. Specifically, we explore how a team member's performance feedback on how they handled a disproportionately heavy share of the team's workload and how their racial distance from the rest of their teammates affect the amount of helping that person receives from their teammates. Results from a laboratory study in which 79 teams worked on a computerized, decision‐making task demonstrated a three‐way interaction between workload, performance feedback, and the racial distance between the feedback recipient and the rest of their teammates. Racially distant negative feedback recipients who had a disproportionately heavy share of their team's workload received less help from teammates than their racially similar counterparts. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The interactive effects of conscientiousness, openness to experience, and political skill on job performance in complex jobs: The importance of context
Authors: Blickle Gerhard , Meurs James A. , Wihler Andreas , Ewen Christian , Plies Andrea , Günther Susann 
Published: December 2012

SummaryCaveats concerning the ability of personality to predict job performance have been raised because of seemingly modest criterion‐related validity. The goal of the present research was to test whether narrowing the context via the type of job (i.e., jobs with complex task demands) and adding a social skill‐related moderator (i.e., political skill) would improve performance prediction. Further, along with political skill, the broad factor of personality demonstrated in prior research to have the strongest criterion validity (i.e., conscientiousness) was joined with a narrow construct closely related to openness to experience (i.e., learning approach) in a three‐way interactive prediction of supervisor‐rated task performance. With the employee–supervisor dyads among professionals, but not with the control group of non‐professional employees, task performance was predicted by the three‐way interaction, such that those high on all three received the highest performance ratings. Implications, strengths and limitations, and directions for future research are discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influences of extratropical water masses on equatorial Pacific cold tongue variability during the past 160 ka as revealed by faunal evidence of planktic foraminifers
Authors: Yu Pai‐Sen , Kienast Markus , Chen Min‐Te , Cacho Isabel , Flores Jos Abel , Mohtadi Mahyar , Mix Alan C. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractGlacial cooling (∼1–5°C) in the eastern equatorial Pacific (EEP) cold tongue is often attributed to increased equatorial upwelling, stronger advection from the Peru–Chile Current (PCC), and to the more remote subpolar southeastern Pacific water mass. However, evidence is scarce for identifying unambiguously which process plays a more important role in driving the large glacial cooling in the EEP. To address this question, here we adopt a faunal calibration approach using planktic foraminifers with a new compilation of coretop data from the eastern Pacific, and present new downcore variation data of fauna assemblage and estimated sea surface temperatures (SSTs) for the past 160 ka (Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6) from ODP Site 1240 in the EEP. With significant improvement achieved by adding more coretop data from the eastern boundary current, our downcore calibration results indicate that most of the glacial cooling episodes over the past 160 ka in the EEP are attributable to increased influence from the subpolar water mass from high latitudes of the southern Pacific. By applying this new calibration of the fauna SST transfer function to a latitudinal transect of eastern Pacific (EP) cores, we find that the subpolar water mass has been a major dynamic contributor to EEP cold tongue cooling since MIS 6. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Paleoenvironmental changes in the East/Japan Sea during the last 48 ka: indications from high‐resolution X‐ray fluorescence core scanning
Authors: Yao Zhengquan , Liu Yanguang , Shi Xuefa , Suk Bong‐Chool 
Published: December 2012

AbstractPaleoceanographic changes in the East/Japan Sea during the late Quaternary based on high‐resolution elemental variations, particularly correlations between dark–light laminations and millennial‐scale climatic changes, have remained poorly understood because of the lack of the high‐resolution proxies. The recent application of micro‐X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) core scanning provides the potential for high‐resolution study on the laminations deposited in the East/Japan Sea. In this study, we present a geochemical study by using micro‐XRF core scanning on a 730 cm core recovered from the East/Japan Sea. Elemental variations and factor analysis indicate that the sedimentary environment changed from anoxic to suboxic conditions from Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 2–3 to MIS 1, which is induced by increased contribution of high‐salinity sea water from the open ocean due to the rising sea level. The dark and light laminations during MIS 2–3 were correlated with Dansgaard–Oeschger cycles and summer monsoon proxy, with dark‐colored sediments related to higher terrigenous concentration, corresponding to warm–moist and enhanced summer monsoon period. During the interstadial period, more terrigenous sediments were transported to the East/Japan Sea via the strengthened fluvial discharge from the surrounding continents, caused by enhanced monsoon rainfall. Thus the development of the East Asian summer monsoon and consequent variations in fluvial discharge would have significantly affected the paleoceanographic conditions in the East/Japan Sea during the MIS 2–3 sea‐level lowstand. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sea level at the last glacial maximum, constrained by oxygen isotopic curves of planktonic foraminifera in the Japan Sea
Authors: Oba Tadamichi , Irino Tomohisa 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe Japan Sea is connected with the Okhotsk Sea and Northwest Pacific through three straits, viz. Mamiya (Tartarskiy), Soya and Tsugaru, and with the East China Sea through Tsushima Strait, all having sill depths of <140 m. Therefore, the Japan Sea was almost isolated from the surrounding seas during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; ca. 20 ka). As a result of nearly broken communication with the surrounding seas and strengthened surface stratification due to locked fresh water in the basin during the LGM, it became an anoxic basin. This major shift in the surface water properties of the basin left its imprint in the oxygen isotopic composition (δ18OPF) of the planktonic foraminifera. The δ18OPF exhibits extremely low values (∼0.5‰ vs. Belemnite from Pedee formation, South Carolina: PDB) during the last two glacial maxima, ca. 20 ka (Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 2.2) and ca. 140 ka (MIS 6.2). These decreases are in contrast to the expected generally high glacial values of >3‰ recorded in the MIS 3–4 sections of the studied cores. This observation indicates nearly similar surface water conditions in the Japan Sea during both the previous glacial maxima, and hence suggests negligible effect of strait tectonics on the sea level since the last 140 ka. Low δ18OPF values with small amplitude are also observed at the cold stage MIS 6.4, but not observed at another cold stage MIS 4.2. This observation suggests that the low‐salinity surface water in the Japan Sea started to develop at the sea level between MIS 4.2 and 6.4. Judging from the cross‐section of the Tsushima Strait and the sea floor topography of the East China Sea, the sea level between MIS 4.2 and 6.4 must have been between 90 m and 100 m below the present. From a proportional relationship between the standard δ18O curve (LR04) in deep‐sea cores and globally averaged sea‐level change, the eustatic sea level obtained for the LGM is 120 ± 7 m below the present. Thus the Japan Sea, in a far‐field location from the continental ice sheets, provides an important clue for estimation of the eustatic sea level at the LGM. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Centennial‐scale winter monsoon variability in the northern East China Sea during the Holocene
Authors: Nakanishi Takahiro , Yamamoto Masanobu , Tada Ryuji , Oda Hirokuni 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe East China Sea (ECS) responds to changes in the strength of the Kuroshio and East Asian monsoon activity. Multidecadal resolution records of the palaeotemperature indices ${\rm TEX}_{{\rm 86}}^{{\rm H}} $ and $U_{37}^{K'} $ from core KY07‐04 PC‐1 show that the hydrology of the ECS responded to variability in the East Asian winter monsoon. Unlike Mg/Ca‐derived sea surface temperatures, which show neither warming nor cooling trends during the Holocene, the ${\rm TEX}_{{\rm 86}}^{{\rm H}} $ record showed a general warming trend at a rate of 0.2°C ka−1. This warming was attributable to shrinkage of the Yellow Sea Central Cold Water and/or weaker winter cooling of the surface water. The ${\rm TEX}_{{\rm 86}}^{{\rm H}} $ record indicated a centennial‐scale variability with an ∼1°C amplitude superimposed on the warming trend that reflected changes in the East Asian winter monsoon and/or the Kuroshio. Temperature minima appeared at ca. 3.0, 4.7, 6.2, 7.9 and 9.0 ka, and spectral analysis of the last 7 ka revealed significant peaks with periodicities of approximately 210, 250, and 440 years that were close to those observed in solar radiation. The reconstructed winter monsoon variability is consistent with Chinese documentary records for the last two millennia. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ontogenetic changes in innate immune function in captive and wild subspecies of prairie‐chickens (Tympanuchus cupido spp.)
Authors: Meier Samuel A. , Fassbinder‐Orth Carol A. , Karasov William H. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe Attwater's prairie‐chicken (Tympanuchus cupido attwateri), a federally endangered grouse species, is currently experiencing high chick mortality in wild populations and the causes are unknown. We tested 3 indicators of innate immunity (hemaggluttination, serum lysozyme, and total immunoglobulin [IgY] levels) in the Attwater's prairie‐chicken and a closely related sub‐species, the greater prairie‐chicken (Tympanuchus cupido pinnatus). Agglutination titers were approximately 25% higher in the juvenile and adult Attwater's prairie‐chickens compared to equivalently aged greater prairie‐chickens. Additionally, total IgY levels in wild‐collected Attwater's prairie‐chicken egg samples were 34% higher than IgY levels in captive greater prairie‐chickens or Attwater's prairie‐chicken eggs. These results suggest that differences in innate immune function exist between these sub‐species and also among Attwater's prairie‐chicken subpopulations that are exposed to different environmental conditions. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Innovative technologies in the control of lipid oxidation
Authors: Goddard Julie M. , McClements D. Julian , Decker Eric A. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractTransition metal promoted oxidative degradation reactions impact quality, shelf‐life, and nutritional content of many packaged foods. When trace metals are present in packaged foods, they can initiate degradation of nutritional compounds such as unsaturated fatty acids, carotenoids, antioxidants, phytosterols, and many vitamins. These reactions occur at metal concentrations naturally occurring in foods (often in the low parts per billion range) therefore complete metal removal is not a practical solution to inhibit these reactions. Chelators such as EDTA can be added to inhibit metal‐promoted oxidation, however there is significant consumer and industry demand to eliminate EDTA from product formulations. Other natural chelators such as citric acid are ineffective in many foods and in some cases can actually increase oxidation rates by increasing metal solubility. An alternate approached to control transition metal reactivity is to utilize active packaging technologies. However, current approaches to antioxidant active packaging can impact packaging film mechanical properties and often exhibit low antioxidant activity. This review article surveys and critically reviews advances in the control of lipid oxidation, paying particular attention to novel advances in both food product formulation (e. g. additives, food microstructure) as well as food packaging. We introduce a new concept of active packaging in which metal ion chelation by non‐migratory active packaging materials may enable removal of synthetic food additives from product formulations while maintaining product quality and shelf‐life.