bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ecosystem regime change inferred from the distribution of trace metals in Lake Erie sediments
Authors: Yuan Fasong , Depew Richard , Soltis-Muth Cheryl 
Published: December 2014

AbstractMany freshwater and coastal marine ecosystems across the world may have undergone an ecosystem regime change due to a combination of rising anthropogenic disturbances and regional climate change. Such a change in aquatic ecosystems is commonly seen as shifts in algal species. But considerably less detail is known about the eutrophication history in terms of changes in algal productivity, particularly for a large lake with a great deal of spatial variability. Here we present an analysis of trace metals (Cu, Ni, Cd and Pb) on a sediment core recovered from Lake Erie, off the Vermilion coast of northern Ohio, USA, to reconstruct the eutrophication history of the lake over the past 210 years. Following a slow eutrophication during European settlement, Lake Erie experienced a period of accelerated eutrophication, leading to an ecosystem regime transition into a eutrophic lake state in 1950. Our results suggested that the lake's biological productivity has ever since maintained fairly high even though a significant input reduction was realized from rigorous nutrient abatements that began as early as in 1969. This work underscored the role of in-lake biogeochemical cycling in nutrient dynamics of this already eutrophic lake.
Differenzialdiagnosen bei Nasenatmungsbehinderung
Authors: Schulz T. , Kohles N. , Eßer D. 
Published: December 2014

ZusammenfassungEine behinderte Nasenatmung kann eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Ursachen haben. Im folgenden Text werden wichtige Erkrankungen der Nase und der Nasennebenhöhlen, die im Zusammenhang mit dem Symptom Nasenatmungsbehinderung stehen, beschrieben und auf Besonderheiten der Diagnostik und Therapie eingegangen.
Importance of Ultrasonic Field Direction for Guiding Juvenile Blueback Herring Past Hydroelectric Turbines
Authors: Gurshin Christopher W. D. , Balge Matthew P. , Taylor Michael M. , Lenz Benjamin E. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Populations of Blueback Herring Alosa aestivalis, an important anadromous forage fish in the northeastern USA, have declined from historic levels. Measures to reduce mortality from many sources, including entrainment by hydroelectric turbines, are cited by fishery managers to be important to restoring populations. At the Crescent Hydroelectric Project (Crescent) on the Mohawk River, New York, pulsed ultrasound (122–128 kHz) was used to deter adult and juvenile Blueback Herring migrating out to sea from entering the intake channel to the headrace and turbines, where mortality may occur. To increase the deterrence rate, the sound field was extended further upriver to expose juvenile Blueback Herring to an increasing sound gradient as they migrate downriver and allow them more time to avoid the intake channel. When juvenile Blueback Herring were present upstream of Crescent and exposed to an ultrasound field, mean catch per unit effort (CPUE) by pelagic trawling in the main channel downriver of the ultrasound was 94% of the mean CPUE in the upriver trawl region and 250% of the mean CPUE in the intake channel. Repeated mobile echo sounder surveys revealed that the abundance of juvenile Blueback Herring averaged 35 times higher in the downriver main channel region than in the intake channel region. During the peak migration period of September 20 through October 14, 2012, continuous fixed-location horizontal echo sounding showed the percentage of net downstream passage of juvenile Blueback Herring that bypassed the intake channel significantly increased from 31.1% to 76.5% after redirecting the ultrasonic field upriver. These results demonstrate that pulsed ultrasound, when properly directed, can be used effectively as a fish deterrent system to provide safe downstream passage of juvenile Blueback Herring at hydropower dams. At Crescent, this could increase annual survival by tens of thousands of fish or more.
Received October 4, 2013; accepted August 26, 2014
A rapid and cost‐effective quantitative microsatellite genotyping protocol to estimate intraspecific competition in protist microcosm experiments
Authors: Minter Ewan J. A. , Lowe Chris D. , Brockhurst Michael A. , Watts Phillip C. 
Published: December 2014

Summary

High levels of intraspecific variation are commonly observed in natural microbial populations, yet the consequences of this variation for ecological and evolutionary processes remain poorly understood. Protists are excellent experimental models for investigating fundamental and applied questions in ecology and evolution, but studying intraspecific variation remains a challenge due to a lack of molecular resources to aid in quantifying and distinguishing strains during experiments.

Here we present a molecular method, quantitative microsatellite genotyping, to accurately quantify strain‐specific frequencies from microcosm experiments of the marine flagellate Oxyrrhis marina, both between many pairs of strains and between strains in a multistrain mixture.

We find that for pairs of strains, the method is effective for relative frequencies as low as 0·02 and with around 99% accuracy. The method is able to quantify four strains reasonably well, though less accurate than for pairs (range 92–97% accuracy).

This makes accessible a cheap and easy‐to‐implement method for quantifying strain (or allele) frequencies and is suitable for use in a broad range of single‐celled eukaryotes (protists) where copy number should correlate well with number of individuals (i.e. cells). This opens up the possibility of examining the role of intraspecific variation using experimental protist microcosms.
Haemostatic management of obstetric haemorrhage
Authors: Collis R. E. , Collins P. W. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryThe haemostatic management of major obstetric haemorrhage remains challenging, and current published guidance relies heavily on experience from the non‐pregnant population and expert opinion. In recent years, an interest in the implications of relative hypofibrinogenaemia, point‐of‐care monitoring of coagulation abnormalities, and the potential to give goal‐directed therapy to correct coagulopathies, have created the possibility of significantly challenging and changing guidance. There is evidence that the haemostatic impairment in the pregnant population is different from trauma‐induced bleeding, and the type and rate of onset of coagulopathies differ depending on the underlying cause. This review examines areas such as possible intervention points, describes evidence for over‐transfusion of fresh frozen plasma in some situations and challenges conventional thinking on formulaic management. It also examines the rationale for other therapeutic options, including fibrinogen concentrate and tranexamic acid.
Circulating anti‐Müllerian hormone levels in relation to nutritional status and selected adipokines levels in polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Olszanecka‐Glinianowicz Magdalena , Madej Paweł , Owczarek Aleksander , Chudek Jerzy , Skałba Piotr 
Published: December 2014

SummaryObjectiveThe aim of the study was to analyse the relationship between nutritional status, selected adipokines and plasma anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).Study Design Patients and MeasurementsA prospective, cross‐sectional study, involving 87 PCOS (48 obese) women and 67 non‐PCOS women (36 obese). Anthropometric parameters were measured, and body composition was determined by the bioimpedance method. Fasting serum glucose, androgens, FSH, LH, SHBG, insulin, AMH, apelin‐36, adiponectin, leptin and omentin‐1 were measured.ResultsPlasma AMH levels were significantly higher in PCOS compared to the non‐PCOS group (7·8 ± 4·3 ng/ml vs 4·4 ± 2·4 ng/ml; P < 0·001). Furthermore, AMH levels were higher in both PCOS and non‐PCOS normal weight than in obese subgroups (8·9 ± 4·4 ng/ml vs 7·0 ± 4·0 ng/ml; P < 0·05 and 5·1 ± 2·4 ng/ml vs 3·9 ± 2·3 ng/ml; P < 0·05). There were negative correlations between AMH levels and anthropometric parameters (body mass, BMI, fat mass and percentage, as well as waist circumference) and plasma omentin‐1 concentrations (R = −0·28, P < 0·001; R = −0·30, P < 0·001; R = −0·36, P < 0·001; R = −0·34, P < 0·001; R = −0·23, P < 0·01; and R = −0·20, P < 0·05, respectively) in all study groups. In multiple regression analysis, circulating AMH level variability was explained by omentin‐1 levels and anthropometric parameters (excluding waist circumference).ConclusionsIn this observational study, nutritional status appears to be the main factor influencing circulating AMH levels independent of PCOS. The observed AMH association with omentin‐1 levels suggests that this adipokine may be a link between hormonal dysfunction of adipose tissue related to obesity and decreased AMH secretion.
Social Network Analysis to Assess the Impact of the CTSA on Biomedical Research Grant Collaboration
Authors: Nagarajan Radhakrishnan , Peterson Charlotte A. , Lowe Jane S. , Wyatt Stephen W. , Tracy Timothy S. , Kern Philip A. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractSuccess of the Clinical Translational Science Award (CTSA) program implicitly demands team science efforts and well‐orchestrated collaboration across the translational silos (T1–T4). Networks have proven to be useful abstractions of research collaborations. Networks provide novel system‐level insights and exhibit marked changes in response to external interventions, making them potential evaluation tools that complement more traditional approaches. This study is part of our ongoing efforts to assess the impact of the CTSA on Biomedical Research Grant Collaboration (BRGC). Collaborative research grants are a complex undertaking and an outcome of sustained interaction among researchers. In this report, BRGC networks representing collaborations among CTSA‐affiliated investigators constructed from grants management system data at the University of Kentucky across a period of six years (2007–2012) corresponding to pre‐ and post‐CTSA are investigated. Overlapping community structure detection algorithms, in conjunction with surrogate testing, revealed the presence of intricate research communities rejecting random graphs as generative mechanisms. The deviation from randomness was especially pronounced post‐CTSA, reflecting an increasing trend in collaborations and team‐science efforts potentially as a result of CTSA. Intercommunity cross talk was especially pronounced post‐CTSA.
Degree of phosphorus saturation in agricultural loamy soils with a near‐neutral pH
Authors: Renneson M. , Vandenberghe C. , Dufey J. , Marcoen J. M. , Bock L. , Colinet G. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryThe degree of phosphorus saturation (DPS) represents the ratio of sorbed phosphorus (P) to the P sorption capacity (PSC) of soils. In some countries, DPS is used to evaluate the risk of P loss and surface water eutrophication. This study investigated DPS measurement and prediction in neutral loamy soils from Wallonia, Belgium. A total of 57 agricultural topsoil samples subject to diverse P management were evaluated. No satisfactory relationship could be found between PSC determined by a one‐point short‐term isotherm in the laboratory and the sum of aluminium and iron extracted by oxalate (Alox + Feox). The equation PSC = a Alox + b pHw appeared to be more appropriate for estimating PSC in the soils studied. These soils had a near‐neutral pH, and P fixation processes linked to the presence of calcium ions or carbonates were important. Comparisons of DPS with soil‐test P and water‐extracted P suggested that DPS could be a useful agronomic and/or environmental indicator. Our results also showed that DPS values between 20 and 30% corresponded to the agronomic optimum of soil P content. Consequently, DPS may be used as an indicator of P status in neutral soils, provided that the PSC assessment is adapted to the local soil characteristics.RésuméLe degré de saturation en phosphore dans les sols agricoles limoneux avec un pH proche de la neutralité.Le degré de saturation en phosphore (DPS) est un indicateur des risques de perte en phosphore (P) vers l'environnement utilisé dans de nombreux pays qui exprime la part de la capacité de sorption du P (PSC) réellement occupée par cet élément. L'objectif de cette étude est d'évaluer la faisabilité de l'utilisation du DPS pour les sols limoneux wallons présentant un pH proche de la neutralité. L'étude de 57 échantillons de surface de sols agricoles soumis à des modes de gestion contrastés n'a pas permis d'établir une bonne relation entre la PSC mesurée en laboratoire et la somme des teneurs en Al et Fe extraites à l'oxalate (Alox et Feox). L'utilisation d'une équation du type PSC = a Alox + b pHw semble plus appropriée dans les sols dont le pH est proche de la neutralité et où les carbonates de calcium interviennent dans la fixation du P. De plus, une comparaison du DPS avec les indicateurs agronomiques et environnementaux, P disponible et P extrait à l'eau, montre que DPS est compatible au système d'évaluation de la fertilité utilisé actuellement. Un DPS entre 20 et 30% correspond à une bonne fertilité du sol. Ainsi, le DPS peut être utilisé comme indicateur dans les sols neutres, à condition de préalablement adapter son calcul aux caractéristiques du sol.
Mandatory reporting of impaired medical practitioners: protecting patients, supporting practitioners
Authors: Bismark M. M. , Morris J. M. , Clarke C. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractTaking action to protect patients from impaired colleagues is a long‐standing ethical and professional obligation. In 2010, this responsibility was codified in law with the introduction, across Australia, of a new mandatory reporting regimen. While several concerns remain to be addressed, mandatory reporting has the potential not only to reinforce the primacy of patient safety, but also to open internal dialogue about the profession's response to concerns about practitioner health and well‐being. Four years after the introduction of the scheme, key challenges include ensuring the reporting threshold is appropriately defined and clearly understood, improving access to evidence‐based health programmes for practitioners, and strengthening upstream protections to prevent and minimise impairment at its roots.
Discussion increases efficacy when training accurate perception of patients' affect
Authors: Ruben Mollie A. , Hall Judith A. , Curtin Elizabeth M. , Blanch‐Hartigan Danielle , Ship Amy N. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPatients benefit when their healthcare providers accurately recognize their affect. The efficacy of three short‐term training components, practice, practice with feedback, and discussion with practice and feedback, to improve accuracy for judging patients' affect was experimentally assessed. Undergraduate participants were randomly assigned in pairs to one of the training conditions or an untrained control condition and the effect of training was measured using the Test of Accurate Perception of Patients' Affect (TAPPA). Participants were significantly more accurate on the TAPPA in the discussion with feedback and practice condition compared with the control condition. There was a significant linear trend in accuracy across training elements. Results suggest that a 40‐min discussion with feedback and practice training can significantly improve interpersonal accuracy.
Outcome reporting in bariatric surgery: an in‐depth analysis to inform the development of a core outcome set, the BARIACT Study
Authors: Hopkins J. C. , Howes N. , Chalmers K. , Savovic J. , Whale K. , Coulman K. D. , Welbourn R. , Whistance R. N. , Andrews R. C. , Byrne J. P. , Mahon D. , Blazeby J. M. ,   By‐Band Trial Management Group
Published: December 2014

SummaryOutcome reporting in bariatric surgery needs a core outcome set (COS), an agreed minimum set of outcomes reported in all studies of a particular condition. The aim of this study was to summarize outcome reporting in bariatric surgery to inform the development of a COS. Outcomes reported in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and large non‐randomized studies identified by a systematic review were listed verbatim and categorized into domains, scrutinizing the frequency of outcome reporting and uniformity of definitions. Ninety studies (39 RCTs) identified 1,088 separate outcomes, grouped into nine domains with most (n = 920, 85%) reported only once. The largest outcome domain was ‘surgical complications’, and overall, 42% of outcomes corresponded to a theme of ‘adverse events’. Only a quarter of outcomes were defined, and where provided definitions, which were often contradictory. Percentage of excess weight loss was the main study outcome in 49 studies, but nearly 40% of weight loss outcomes were heterogeneous, thus not comparable. Outcomes of diverse bariatric operations focus largely on adverse events. Reporting is inconsistent and ill‐defined, limiting interpretation and comparison of published studies. Thus, we propose and are developing a COS for the surgical treatment of severe and complex obesity.
Emission of methane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and short‐chain hydrocarbons from vegetation foliage under ultraviolet irradiation
Authors: FRASER WESLEY T. , BLEI EMANUEL , FRY STEPHEN C. , NEWMAN MARK F. , REAY DAVID S. , SMITH KEITH A. , MCLEOD ANDY R. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe original report that plants emit methane (CH4) under aerobic conditions caused much debate and controversy. Critics questioned experimental techniques, possible mechanisms for CH4 production and the nature of estimating global emissions. Several studies have now confirmed that aerobic CH4 emissions can be detected from plant foliage but the extent of the phenomenon in plants and the precise mechanisms and precursors involved remain uncertain. In this study, we investigated the role of environmentally realistic levels of ultraviolet (UV) radiation in causing the emission of CH4 and other gases from foliage obtained from a wide variety of plant types. We related our measured emissions to the foliar content of methyl esters and lignin and to the epidermal UV absorbance of the species investigated. Our data demonstrate that the terrestrial vegetation foliage sampled did emit CH4, with a range in emissions of 0.6–31.8 ng CH4 g−1 leaf DW h−1, which compares favourably with the original reports of experimental work. In addition to CH4 emissions, our data show that carbon monoxide, ethene and propane are also emitted under UV stress but we detected no significant emissions of carbon dioxide or ethane.
Regulation of pigmentation by microRNAs: MITF‐dependent microRNA‐211 targets TGF‐β receptor 2
Authors: Dai Xiaodan , Rao Chunbao , Li Huirong , Chen Yu , Fan Lilv , Geng Huiqin , Li Shuang , Qu Jia , Hou Ling 
Published: December 2014

SummaryThere is growing evidence that microRNAs are important regulators of gene expression in a variety of cell types. Using immortalized cell lines and primary neural crest cell explants, we show that microRNA‐211, previously implicated in the regulation of melanoma proliferation and invasiveness, promotes pigmentation in melanoblasts and melanocytes. Expression of this microRNA is regulated by the key melanocyte transcription factor MITF and regulates pigmentation by targeting the TGF‐β receptor 2. Transfection with pre‐miR‐211 precursor molecules in melb‐a and melan‐a cells leads to a decrease in the expression of TGF‐β receptor 2 and reduces the TGF‐β signaling‐mediated downregulation of two melanogenic enzymes, tyrosinase and tyrosinase‐related protein 1. Conversely, downregulation of microRNA‐211 using specific microRNA inhibitors has the opposite effects. It appears, therefore, that microRNA‐211 serves as a negative regulator of TGF‐β signaling which is known to play a important roles in vivo in melanocyte stem cell maintenance and pigmentation.
Unusual developmental pattern of brain lateralization in young boys with autism spectrum disorder: Power analysis with child‐sized magnetoencephalography
Authors: Hiraishi Hirotoshi , Kikuchi Mitsuru , Yoshimura Yuko , Kitagawa Sachiko , Hasegawa Chiaki , Munesue Toshio , Takesaki Natsumi , Ono Yasuki , Takahashi Tsutomu , Suzuki Michio , Higashida Haruhiro , Asada Minoru , Minabe Yoshio 
Published: December 2014

AimsAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is often described as comprising an unusual brain growth pattern and aberrant brain lateralization. Although it is important to study the pathophysiology of the developing ASD cortex, examples of physiological brain lateralization in young children with ASD have yet to be well examined.MethodsThirty‐eight boys with ASD (aged 3–7 years) and 38 typically developing (TD) boys (aged 3–8 years) concentrated on video programs and their brain activities were measured non‐invasively. We employed a customized child‐sized magnetoencephalography system in which the sensors were located as close to the brain as possible for optimal recording in young children. To produce a credible laterality index of the brain oscillations, we defined two clusters of sensors corresponding to the right and left hemispheres. We focused on the laterality index ([left – right]/[left + right]) of the relative power band in seven frequency bands.ResultsThe TD group displayed significantly rightward lateralized brain oscillations in the theta‐1 frequency bands compared to the ASD group.ConclusionsThis is the first study to demonstrate unusual brain lateralization of brain oscillations measured by magnetoencephalography in young children with ASD.
A case for stocking O D+ red blood cells in emergency room trauma bays
Authors: Meyer Erin , Uhl Lynne 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundAABB Standard 5.27 requires transfusion services to have a process for urgent release of blood before completion of compatibility testing. Our institution endorses a policy for the emergency release of group O, D+ red blood cells (RBC; O+ RBC) to males and females at least 50 years of age. Our emergency department (ED) stocks 4 O− RBC units. To determine if O+ RBCs can replace ED O− RBCs, we performed a retrospective review.Study Design and MethodsPatients admitted to the ED between January 2001 and August 2011 and transfused emergency‐release O− RBCs were identified. Data were collected on sex, age, length of stay, clinical status, ABO/Rh, RBC transfusions, and RBC antibody screen results.ResultsA total of 498 ED O− RBC units were transfused to 268 patients (168 male, 100 female). A total of 322 units were transfused to males and 114 to females at least 50 years of age. Thirty‐nine (14%) were D− with 18 receiving O+ RBCs. A total of 109 had follow‐up antibody screens; one D− patient developed alloanti‐D.ConclusionsThe findings support the placement of O+ RBCs in the ED. The majority of ED O− RBCs (88%) went to patients who qualified for O+ RBCs; a minority (1.5%) of patients were D− females less than 50 years of age. The rate of alloimmunization was low.