bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High efficiency gene transfer to airways of mice using influenza hemagglutinin pseudotyped lentiviral vectors
Authors: Patel Manij , Giddings Angela M. , Sechelski John , Olsen John C. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundA limitation to efficient lentivirus‐mediated airway gene transfer is the lack of receptors to commonly used viral envelopes on the luminal surface of airway epithelia. The use of viral envelopes with natural tropism to the airway could be useful for overcoming this limitation.MethodsWe investigated influenza hemagglutinin (HA) pseudotyped equine infectious anemia virus‐derived lentiviral vector‐mediated gene transfer to the airway epithelium of adult and newborn mice. For these studies, high‐titer vectors were delivered by intranasal administration. In addition, we tested the feasibility of vector re‐dosing to the nasal airway.ResultsDelivery of high‐titer HA pseudotyped lentiviral vectors by nasal administration to newborn mouse pups or adult mice results in the efficient transduction of airway epithelial cells in the nose, trachea, and lungs. In the nose, vector expression was predominant in the respiratory epithelium and was not observed in the olfactory epithelium. In the trachea and large airways of the lung, approximately 46% and 40%, respectively, of surface epithelial cells could be transduced. The efficiency of re‐dosing to the nasal airway of mice was found to be dependent of the age of the animal when the first dose is administered, as well as the length of time between doses.ConclusionsA single intranasal dose of concentrated influenza HA‐pseudotyped lentiviral vector is sufficient for efficient gene transfer to the airways of mice. This is a promising result that could lead to the development of effective gene transfer reagents for the treatment of cystic fibrosis and other human lung diseases. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mental and Physical Health Consequences of the September 11, 2001 (9/11) Attacks in Primary Care: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Neria Yuval , Wickramaratne Priya , Olfson Mark , Gameroff Marc J. , Pilowsky Daniel J. , Lantigua Rafael , Shea Steven , Weissman Myrna M. 
Published: January 2013

The magnitude of the September 11, 2001 (9/11) attacks was without precedent in the United States, but long‐term longitudinal research on its health consequences for primary care patients is limited. We assessed the prevalence and exposure‐related determinants of mental disorders, functioning, general medical conditions, and service utilization, 1 and 4 years after the 9/11 attacks, in an urban primary care cohort (N = 444) in Manhattan. Although the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and levels of functional impairment declined over time, a substantial increase in suicidal ideation and missed work was observed. Most medical outcomes and service utilization indicators demonstrated a short‐term increase after the 9/11 attacks (mean change of +20.3%), followed by a minor decrease in the subsequent year (mean change of −3.2%). Loss of a close person was associated with the highest risk for poor mental health and functional status over time. These findings highlight the importance of longitudinal assessments of mental, functional, and medical outcomes in urban populations exposed to mass trauma and terrorism.
Improving Solar Cell Efficiency by Effective Light Management
Authors: Knüttel Tobias , Bergfeld Stefan 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe project “LaText” aims to develop new laser processes for texturing Transparent Conductive Oxides (TCO) to improve light management in thin film silicon solar cells. These new processes could improve cell efficiencies, reduce production costs or make inline processes like roll‐to‐roll production without vacuum brake possible. Retro fitting of existing production lines is also possible. 4JET and the Institute of Photovoltaics (IEK‐5) at the Research Center Jülich work together in this project.
Integrated Active Sensors for Process Monitoring
Authors: Blomqvist Mats , Blomster Ola , Bergstrand Hans 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn industrial materials processing applications using high‐brilliance multikW lasers there is an increasing demand to continuously monitor the process status even in passive components such as fiber‐optic cables. While monitoring the sensor signals for system safety the information can also be used for live process monitoring. By using integrated active sensors inside the process fiber a compact and robust solution for industrial manufacturing can be achieved.
Combination of Episulfide Ring‐Opening Polymerization With ATRP for the Preparation of Amphiphilic Block Copolymers
Authors: Vo Cong‐Duan , Cadman Christopher J. , Donno Roberto , Goos Jeroen A. C. M. , Tirelli Nicola 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe report for the first time the combination of ATRP and ring‐opening episulfide polymerization as a means to synthesize polysulfide‐based low‐dispersity amphiphilic block copolymers. The most significant finding is the possibility to perform ATRP under mild conditions using poly(propylene sulfide) macroinitiators, apparently without any significant copper sequestration by the polysulfides. Using glycerol monomethacrylate (GMMA) as a hydrophilic monomer, the polymers self‐assembled in colloidal structures with a morphology depending on the PS/GMMA ratio, but also probably on GMMA degree of polymerization. We here also present a new AFM‐based method to calculate the average number of amphiphilic macromolecules per micelle.
Self‐Healing Polymers via Supramolecular Forces
Authors: Herbst Florian , Döhler Diana , Michael Philipp , Binder Wolfgang H. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAs polymers and polymeric materials are “the” smart invention and technological driving force of the 20th century, the quest for self‐healing or self‐repairing polymers is strong. The concept of supramolecular self‐healing materials relies on the use of noncovalent, transient bonds to generate networks, which are able to heal the damaged site, putting aspects of reversibility and dynamics of a network as crucial factors for the understanding and design of such self‐healing materials. This Review describes recent examples and concepts of supramolecular polymers based on hydrogen bonding, π–π interactions, ionomers, and coordinative bonds, thus convincingly discussing the advantages and versatility of these supramolecular forces for the design and realization of self‐healing polymers.
Effectiveness of CASE Ultra Expert System in Evaluating Adverse Effects of Drugs
Authors: Saiakhov Roustem , Chakravarti Suman , Klopman Gilles 
Published: January 2013

AbstractPurpose of this pilot study is to test the QSAR expert system CASE Ultra for adverse effect prediction of drugs. 870 drugs from the SIDER adverse effect dataset were tested using CASE Ultra for carcinogenicity, genetic, liver, cardiac, renal and reproductive toxicity. 47 drugs that were withdrawn from market since the 1950s were also evaluated for potential risks using CASE Ultra and compared them with the actual reasons for which the drugs were recalled. For the whole SIDER test set (n=870), sensitivity and specificity of the carcinogenicity predictions are 66.67 % and 82.17 % respectively; for liver toxicity: 78.95 %, 78.50 %; cardiotoxicity: 69.07 %, 57.57 %; renal toxicity: 46.88 %, 67.90 %; and reproductive toxicity: 100.00 %, 61.10 %. For the SIDER test chemicals not present in the training sets of the models, sensitivity and specificity of carcinogenicity predictions are 100.00 % and 88.89 % respectively (n=404); for liver toxicity: 100.00 %, 51.33 % (n=115); cardiotoxicity: 100.00 %, 20.45 % (n=94); renal toxicity: 100.00 %, 45.54 % (n=115); and reproductive toxicity: 100.00 %, 48.57 % (n=246). CASE Ultra correctly recognized the relevant toxic effects in 43 out of the 47 withdrawn drugs. It predicted all 9 drugs that were not part of the training set of the models, as unsafe.
Exploiting Pharmacological Similarity to Identify Safety Concerns – Listen to What the Data Tells You
Authors: Muthas Daniel , Boyer Scott 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWhilst most new drugs are designed to act on a single target or a small number of targets, many do show broad pharmacological activity. In some cases this can be beneficial and necessary for efficacy and in others it can be detrimental, leading to increased safety liability. To probe off‐target pharmacology most drug discovery programs include screening against a broad panel of targets that represent known troublesome pharmacology. Hits against any one of these targets can then be subjected to a risk assessment for potential safety problems in preclinical or clinical studies. In addition, the secondary pharmacology profile can also be thought of as an alternative description of the compound and as such can be used as a method for assessing ‘similarity’. Consequently, inspection of the in vivo findings of pharmacological neighbors can give important insights into potential safety liabilities that are neither identified by pure chemical similarity searches nor by risk assessment on individual targets. Here we show that the pharmacological profile contains additional information as compared to chemical similarity, and also demonstrate how this can be used in the hazard assessment done during drug discovery and development.
Model Suite for Predicting the Aquatic Toxicity of α,β‐Unsaturated Esters Triggered by Their Chemoavailability
Authors: Mulliner Denis , Schüürmann Gerrit 
Published: January 2013

AbstractFor a Michael‐acceptor set of 45 α,β‐unsaturated esters, the 2nd‐order rate constant of reaction with glutathione, log kGSH, was modeled through the quantum chemical reaction barrier (ΔE≠) employing methane thiol as model nucleophile. Regression of their 48‐h toxicity toward the ciliates Tetrahymena pyriformis (log EC50, 50 % growth inhibition) on log Kow (octanol/water partition coefficient) and log kGSH revealed a variation in the relative weights of hydrophobicity and electrophilic reactivity as determinants of the aquatic toxicity. The difference DKk=log Kow−log kGSH turned out as a suitable means for predictively discriminating between narcosis‐level (DKk>3.0) and excess‐toxic (DKk<2.0) compounds. In the intermediate DKk range (2.0≤DKk≤3.0), both narcosis‐level and reactive‐toxicity models are applicable for predicting aquatic toxicity. As such, DKk represents the chemoavailability of Michael‐acceptor esters, characterizing their likelihood for undertaking covalent reactions with thiol sites of endogenous peptides and proteins. At the same time, DKk introduces a straightforward way for characterizing the applicability domain of QSAR (quantitative structure‐activity relationship) models for predicting the toxicity of Michael‐acceptor esters. The resultant model suite comprising QSARs for reactive toxicity and baseline narcosis is triggered by the compounds’ chemoavailability, and yields predictions superior to existing approaches.
Antioxidant capacities of fractionated barley hordein hydrolysates in relation to peptide structures
Authors: Bamdad Fatemeh , Chen Lingyun 
Published: January 2013

ScopeThis study has revealed strong antioxidant activities of barley hordein hydrolysate fractions and investigated the relationships between antioxidant properties and structural features of hordein peptides.Methods and resultsBarley hordein fractions separated based on molecular weight and surface hydrophobicity demonstrated strong antioxidant bioactivities, especially ferrous ion chelating capacity. Structural studies revealed the poly‐l‐proline helix, β‐turn, and β‐sheet as the dominant structural elements in the large molecular weight fraction, while most of the small‐sized peptides assumed unordered random coil conformation accompanied by a large amount of ionized carboxyl groups produced as a result of partial deamidation of glutamine residues during hydrolysis. A study of antioxidant capacity in relation to peptide structure indicated the contribution of hydrophobic residues in radical scavenging and the positive effect of ionized carboxyl groups together with Lys and Met in metal chelation activity. QPYPQ was identified as the most repeated sequence in potent RP‐HPLC fractions, which might be a particular structural motif that plays a key role in scavenging free radicals.ConclusionBarley hordein with its unique sequence partitioning has potential to produce peptides with strong antioxidant bioactivities.
Phenolic acid concentrations in plasma and urine from men consuming green or black tea and potential chemopreventive properties for colon cancer
Authors: Henning Susanne M. , Wang Piwen , Abgaryan Narine , Vicinanza Roberto , de Oliveira Daniela Moura , Zhang Yanjun , Lee Ru‐Po , Carpenter Catherine L. , Aronson William J. , Heber David 
Published: January 2013

ScopeTea polyphenols are metabolized by the colonic microflora yielding phenolic metabolites, which may contribute to the health benefits of tea. We determined the serum and urine concentrations of phenolic acids, hippuric acid, and polyhydroxyphenyl‐γ‐valerolactones during green tea (GT) and black tea (BT) administration. The effects of (–)‐epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (3,4‐DHPAA) alone and in combination on bioavailability, intracellular metabolism, and antiproliferative activity were determined in HCT‐116 colon cancer cells.Methods and resultsThe concentration of phenolic metabolites was quantified by HPLC with electrochemical detection and MS. Urine concentrations of 4‐hydroxyphenylacetic acid (4‐HPAA), 3‐hydroxyphenylacetic acid (3‐HPAA), and polyhydroxy‐γ‐valerolactones were increased significantly in men drinking GT compared to control. Urine concentration of 3‐O‐methylgallic acid (3OMGA) was significantly increased in men drinking BT compared to control. Serum 3,4‐DHPAA was significantly increased after consumption of GT and BT and 4‐HPAA after GT consumption. In vitro treatment of HCT‐116 colon cancer cells with 3,4‐DHPAA and EGCG exhibited an additive antiproliferative effect, while methylation of 3,4‐DHPAA was significantly decreased. 3OMGA exhibited the strongest antiproliferative activity among the phenolic acids.ConclusionThe consumption of both, GT and BT, was associated with a significant increase in urinary and serum phenolic acids.
Sharing Stories: Using Narratives to Illustrate the Role of Critical Reflection in Practice with First Australians
Authors: Booth Jodie , Nelson Alison 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis paper aims to fill a gap in existing literature by using examples of reflective practice and how these informed service delivery and development with First Australians within a population health paradigm. Population‐based approaches have been proposed as useful for providing services that reach beyond the individual. They may be particularly helpful in providing a framework for occupational therapists working with First Australians, when modified appropriately.“Healthy Ears” is a statewide ear health programme for First Australians. It is an example of a health promotion programme working to partner with First Australian communities using a community‐driven and strengths‐based approach. The occupational therapy role within this service has been recently established. Collaborative autoethnography was used to produce narrative reflection and discussion between the first and second authors in order to illustrate the role of critical reflection in developing this new occupational therapy service. The narratives presented are based on three main themes, which emerged as important guiding principles; these are core occupational therapy knowledge and skills, partnerships with communities and organizations and cultural safety. Each theme comprises narrative excerpts followed by interpretations based on the literature.The findings from these narratives, whilst limited to a particular context, suggest there is a need for greater professional preparation and support for occupational therapists working cross‐culturally through undergraduate training and professional development opportunities. This paper highlights the usefulness of reflective practice as a tool for developing culturally safe occupational therapy services and emphasizes the importance of relationships with key First Australians as a platform for culturally safe practice. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High correlations between levels of consumption and mortality related to strong prescription opioid analgesics in British Columbia and Ontario, 2005 – 2009
Authors: Fischer Benedikt , Jones Wayne , Rehm Jürgen 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTPurposePrescription opioid analgesic (POA)‐related burden of disease – including mortality – is high and constitutes a major public health problem in the US and Canada. Associations between the overall levels of POA consumption and key related morbidity indicators in the population have been demonstrated. We examined potential correlations between levels of consumption of four commonly used POAs and related mortality in British Columbia (BC) and Ontario.MethodsWe investigated the correlation between annual population standardized rates of fentanyl, hydromorphone, morphine and oxycodone‐related mortality (based on provincial coroners' data) and the annual Defined Daily Doses per 1000 population/day for each of the drugs dispensed (based on representative retail pharmacy sales data) in the two provinces, 2005‐2009.ResultsDeath rates increased for three (Ontario) and two (BC) of the four POA drugs; the rate of deaths for each POA drug was consistently higher in the jurisdiction with higher use levels. For each drug, strong correlations (range 0.83 to 0.97; p < 0.003) were found between POA use and mortality levels; consistent within‐province correlations were found for two drugs (hydromorphone and oxycodone).ConclusionsOur findings of strong correlations between select POA use and mortality levels reflect similar evidence from elsewhere on correlations between POA consumption and morbidity or mortality indicators. In the context of high and increasing levels of POA consumption in Canada, efforts to reduce POA‐related mortality may require a comprehensively revised approach towards more appropriate and safer prescribing to reduce POA use volumes together with more effective monitoring of POA medications. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Can there be “Hidden Order” in transition metals?
Authors: Riseborough P. S. , Magalhães S. G. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe examine the conditions required to produce a combined spin and orbital density wave state such as that which has been proposed to describe the “Hidden Order” phase of URu2Si2. By using an idealized tight‐binding model with only nearest‐neighbor hopping processes, we search for factors that could stabilize “Hidden Order” phases in transition metals. It is found that strong anisotropy or reduced dimensionality may stabilize “Hidden Order” over spin‐density wave phases. This suggests the possibility that the enigmatic pseudogap phases reported for the high‐temperature ironpnictide superconductors may also be described by the Hund's rule “Hidden Order” mechanism.
5f Electron correlations and core level photoelectron spectra of Uranium compounds
Authors: Zwicknagl Gertrud 
Published: January 2013

AbstractMicroscopic model calculations for core‐level spectra of U compounds are presented. The consequences of strong intra‐atomic correlations within the 5fshell are analyzed. The formation of atomic multiplets leads to a re‐distribution of spectral weight. The results suggest that the orbital‐selective localization resulting from strongly anisotropic renormalization of the hybridization between 5f‐ and conduction electrons should be reflected in the line shapes.
Quantum critical phase diagram of bond alternating Ising model with Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction: Signature of ground state fidelity
Authors: Amiri Neda , Langari Abdollah 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe present the zero temperature phase diagram of the bond alternating Ising chain in the presence of Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction. An abrupt change in ground state fidelity is a signature of quantum phase transition. We obtain the renormalization of fidelity in terms of quantum renormalization group without the need to know the ground state. We calculate the fidelity susceptibility and its scaling behavior close to quantum critical point (QCP) to find the critical exponent which governs the divergence of correlation length. The model consists of a long range antiferromagnetic order with nonzero staggered magnetization which is separated from a helical ordered phase at QCP. Our results state that the critical exponent is independent of the bond alternation parameter (λ) while the maximum attainable helical order depends on λ.
Magnetic impurity‐induced states in the gap of an s± superconductor
Authors: Borkowski L. S. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe consider a two‐band superconductor (SC) whose order parameter (OP) components in each band are constants of opposite sign. Conduction electrons interact with impurities described by the Anderson model. We calculate the density of states (DOS) of this system within a mean‐field slave‐boson approximation. The position of impurity‐induced states in the energy gap depends strongly on the relative size of the energy of the impurity resonant level εf, its width Γ and the size of OP components Δ1, Δ2. In the Kondo limit the bound states are at the gap center or in its vicinity. In the mixed valence regime these bound states can be located far from the gap center. However they never reach the edge of the smaller of the two superconducting gaps. We also briefly discuss the consequences of varying the relative strengths of pairing and impurity coupling on low‐energy properties of the system.
Quantum critical magnetization behaviors of kagome‐ and triangular‐lattice antiferromagnets
Authors: Sakai Toru , Nakano Hiroki 
Published: January 2013

AbstractOur previous numerical diagonalization study on the magnetization processes of the kagome‐ and triangular‐lattice antiferromagnets revealed that the former system exhibits a new field‐induced phenomenon, called a magnetization ramp, at 1/3 of the saturation magnetization, while the latter one a conventional magnetization plateau. To clarify the difference between the magnetization ramp and plateau, we consider a generalized lattice model with two exchange interactions J1 and J2, which corresponds to the kagome lattice for J2 = 0 and triangular one for J2 = J1. The present numerical diagonalization study revealed that a quantum phase transition between the magnetization ramp and plateau occurs about J2/J1 ∼ 0.1.