bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mandatory Disclosure, Generation of Decision‐Relevant Information, and Market Entry
Authors: Schneider Georg T. , Scholze Andreas 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe investigate the interaction of mandatory disclosure and the gathering of decision‐relevant information in a setting in which a competitor may enter the market. Gathering detailed information allows for an efficient allocation of resources, but eventually attracts competition by revealing beneficial information to competitors. In contrast, refraining from generating detailed information implies inefficient decisions, but eventually prevents competitors from entering the market. Our results show that an incentive not to generate internal information arises for two reasons: If the incumbent's cost advantage is sufficiently large, disclosing aggregated information can be an instrument to avoid competition by reducing the likelihood of market entry. If the incumbent's cost advantage is small, disclosing aggregated information attracts competition by increasing the likelihood of market entry. In this case, imprecise cost information serves as a commitment device to reduce the intensity of competition by forcing the competitor to take into account his efficiency disadvantage in making his production decision.
Psychosocial correlates of alcohol use and heavy episodic drinking among Italian adolescents: Data from the second International Self‐Reported Delinquency study
Authors: Innamorati Marco , Maniglio Roberto 
Published: April 2015

Background and ObjectivesTo provide a comprehensive picture of the wide spectrum of psychosocial factors potentially associated with alcohol consumption and problematic drinking among Italian adolescents in order to encourage debate on the context‐specificity or universality of psychosocial correlates of adolescent alcohol use and misuse across countries and cultures.MethodsThe International Self‐Report Delinquency survey questionnaire was used to assess several variables concerning sociodemographic background, family relationships and problems, school performance and climate, life events, victimization experiences, neighborhood climate, personality traits, and attitudes, delinquent behavior, drug use, and peers behavior in a city‐based sample of 6,363 seventh to ninth grade Italian students.ResultsGeneralized linear regression models showed that recent alcohol consumption and heavy episodic drinking were associated with multiple factors pertaining to different levels and domains reflecting the adolescent's personality and behavior as well as the different social and cultural contexts in which adolescents spend most of their time. Poor relations with parents, parental divorce, positive attitudes toward violence, and low self‐control appeared to precede recent alcohol use and misuse and might be potential risk factors for alcohol use and/or misuse, while the association between problematic drinking and deviant attitudes (ie, violent behavior, drug use, and affiliation with deviant peers) might be explained through reciprocal influences.Discussion and ConclusionsSome psychosocial correlates of adolescent alcohol use and misuse might be universal across countries and cultures. Additionally, certain family, school, personality, behavioral, and peer‐related factors might be more important than other correlates of youth alcohol use. (Am J Addict 2015;24:507–514)
Clinical perspectives: Practical insights from clinical experience with cabazitaxel in Australia
Authors: Parente Phillip , Gurney Howard , Ng Siobhan , Bahre Martina 
Published: April 2015

AbstractProstate cancer, and in particular the management options for patients with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), remains an important health issue. The approval of cabazitaxel provides a new treatment option for patients who have progressed despite docetaxel therapy. Clinical use of cabazitaxel in mCRPC is based on the results of the TROPIC study, which demonstrated an approximately 30% reduction in the risk of death compared with mitoxantrone. In this paper, we draw on accumulating clinical experience with cabazitaxel in Australia to discuss important questions such as how to select the right patient for treatment and how to proactively prevent and manage toxicities associated with this therapy. Recognizing the need for a multidisciplinary approach to patient care, opinion and insight has been sought from medical oncologists, nurses and pharmacists. While lack of trial data means that a number of questions remain unanswered, local clinical experience has helped to guide treatment decisions and refine management protocols. Appropriate patient selection, careful ongoing monitoring and proactive management of adverse events will ensure optimal treatment of patients. Nurses in particular play an important role in educating patients and identifying patients at increased risk of developing adverse events with cabazitaxel. The oncology team must work together to educate patients; taking a proactive approach to issues such as adverse events will help maximize the clinical outcome of cabazitaxel treatment and impact positively on the patient's quality of life.
Psychosocial concerns of cancer patients in Singapore
Authors: Mahendran Rathi , Lim Haikel A , Chua Joanne , Lim Siew Eng , Kua Ee Heok 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAimsPsychosocial needs are high among cancer patients, and screening for these is recognized as integral to quality cancer care. This study identified the psychosocial needs of cancer patients at their first visit at a hematology‐oncology clinic.MethodsFifty‐four new consecutive patients completed the Distress Thermometer and the Problem List, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the EuroQol Quality of Life Scale at their first visit to plan for chemotherapy. Data were analyzed with SPSS.ResultsAnalyses revealed that participants had an average of 2.8 ± 2.3 problems, with 82% having psychosocial needs. Emotional concerns formed the top four psychosocial needs of the cohort (worry 46%, fears 26%, nervousness 26%, sadness 24%), with the fifth being a practical concern (insurance/finance 22%). The former were more frequent among 41‐ to 50‐year‐olds and significantly correlated with distress scores. Practical concerns were significantly correlated with depressive symptoms. Family concerns were more significant in women. The overall score on the Problem List correlated with distress, anxious symptomatology and poorer quality of life scores.ConclusionsDistress and psychosocial needs are high in cancer patients even at an early stage prior to chemotherapy. Attention to these needs is crucial as they cause significant distress and affect the patient's quality of life.
Catecholamine pathway polymorphisms and antidepressant response
Authors: Yin Li , Zhang Xu , Huang Yi , Sun XueLi 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIntroductionGenes that regulate the catecholamine metabolism pathways are potential targets for research in the antidepressant treatment response. This study was intended to determine whether antidepressant responses to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are associated with genetic polymorphisms of the tyrosine or tryptophan gene in Chinese major depressive disorder (MDD) patients.MethodsA total of 290 MDD patients were recruited and received a 6‐week SSRIs randomized double‐blinded treatment. Allele, genotype, and haplotype frequencies were compared between responders and nonresponders in catecholamine genes.ResultsGenotype frequency of the rs1800544 polymorphism in the DRD4 gene was significantly different between responders and nonresponders after false discovery rate correction (P = 0.042). The frequency of the DRD4 rs1800544 CG genotype was significantly higher (P = 0.003) in responders (51.4%) than in nonresponders (35.8%), and patients with the CG genotype showed an 81.7% response rate. In comparison, the response rates were 73.9% and 52.2% in patients with the GG genotype and the CC genotype, respectively. The frequencies of the DRD4 rs1800544 CC and GG genotypes were significantly lower (P = 0.003) in responders (7.7%, 40.9%) than in the nonresponders (19.4%, 44.8%). No significant difference was found between two groups either in genotype or allele frequencies of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the TPH, SLC6A2, SLC6A3, or DRD2 genes. No significant difference was found between two groups in TPH, SLC6A2, SLC6A3, DRD2, orDRD4 gene haplotypes.DiscussionPolymorphisms of the DRD4 gene appear to be associated with SSRI treatment response in Chinese MDD patients.
A phase‐II sequential case‐series study of all patients presenting to four plasma exchange centres with presumed relapsed/refractory thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura treated with rituximab
Authors: Clark William F. , Rock Gail , Barth David , Arnold Donald M. , Webert Kathyrn E. , Yenson Paul R. , Kelton John G. , Li Lihua , Foley Steven R. ,   members of the Canadian Apheresis Group
Published: April 2015

SummaryThe primary objective of this phase II study was to evaluate the efficacy of rituximab in the management of adult patients with physician‐diagnosed presumed thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP); relapsed or refractory. We conducted a multicentre study in four Canadian hospital‐based apheresis units. Forty patients with presumed TTP (20 refractory and 20 relapsing) were sequentially enrolled and all received rituximab in a standardized manner. A complete response was documented in 14 of 19 refractory patients by week 8 and 15/16 were alive and in remission at 52 weeks (one patient was lost to follow‐up, one was a non‐responder, and three died). Among relapsing patients, 16/18 had a complete response at week 8 and 18/18 at week 52 (one patient lost to follow‐up and one withdrew). At 1 year, all relapsing and 85% of refractory patients survived. Of 38/40 patients who had ADMATS13 testing at study entry, 13/19 refractory and 10/19 relapsing patients had ADAMTS13 < 10% (typical TTP); whereas 6/19 refractory and 9/19 relapsing cases had ADAMTS13 > 10% (other thrombotic microangiopathy; TMA). Refractory‐typical TTP in contrast to refractory‐other TMA and all relapsing patients treated with plasma exchange and rituximab, were less likely to be responsive and more likely to die or relapse.
Impact of persistent minimal residual disease post‐consolidation therapy in children and adolescents with advanced Burkitt leukaemia: a Children's Oncology Group Pilot Study Report
Authors: Shiramizu Bruce , Goldman Stanton , Smith Lynette , Agsalda‐Garcia Melissa , Galardy Paul , Perkins Sherrie L. , Frazer J. Kimble , Sanger Warren , Anderson James R. , Gross Thomas G. , Weinstein Howard , Harrison Lauren , Barth Matthew J. , Mussolin Lara , Cairo Mitchell S. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryPatient‐specific primers from 10 children/adolescents with Burkitt leukaemia (BL) ± central nervous system disease who were treated with French‐British‐American/Lymphome Malins de Burkitt 96 C1 plus rituximab were developed from diagnostic blood/bone marrow. Minimal residual disease (MRD) was assessed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction at the end of induction (EOI) and consolidation (EOC). Seventy per cent (7/10) and 71% (5/7) were MRD‐positive at EOI and EOC, respectively, with no disease recurrences. MRD after induction and consolidation did not predict relapse and subsequent therapy appeared to eliminate MRD. Thus, assessing MRD at a later time point is warranted in future trials to determine its clinical significance.
The dynamics of adult haematopoiesis in the bone and bone marrow environment
Authors: Ho Miriel S. H. , Medcalf Robert L. , Livesey Stephen A. , Traianedes Kathy 
Published: April 2015

SummaryThis review explores the dynamic relationship between bone and bone marrow in the genesis and regulation of adult haematopoiesis and will provide an overview of the haematopoietic hierarchical system. This will include the haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) and its niches, as well as discuss emerging evidence of the reciprocal interplay between bone and bone marrow, and support of the pleiotropic role played by bone cells in the regulation of HSC proliferation, differentiation and function. In addition, this review will present demineralized bone matrix as a unique acellular matrix platform that permits the generation of ectopic de novo bone and bone marrow and provides a means of investigating the temporal sequence of bone and bone marrow regeneration. It is anticipated that the utilization of this matrix‐based approach will help researchers in gaining deeper insights into the major events leading to adult haematopoiesis in the bone marrow. Furthermore, this model may potentially offer new avenues to manipulate the HSC niche and hence influence the functional output of the haematopoietic system.
Antitumor activity of the MEK inhibitor trametinib on intestinal polyp formation in ApcΔ716 mice involves stromal COX‐2
Authors: Fujishita Teruaki , Kajino‐Sakamoto Rie , Kojima Yasushi , Taketo Makoto Mark , Aoki Masahiro 
Published: April 2015

Extracellular signal‐regulated kinase is an MAPK that is most closely associated with cell proliferation, and the MEK/ERK signaling pathway is implicated in various human cancers. Although epidermal growth factor receptor, KRAS, and BRAF are considered major targets for colon cancer treatment, the precise roles of the MEK/ERK pathway, one of their major downstream effectors, during colon cancer development remain to be determined. Using ApcΔ716 mice, a mouse model of familial adenomatous polyposis and early‐stage sporadic colon cancer formation, we show that MEK/ERK signaling is activated not only in adenoma epithelial cells, but also in tumor stromal cells including fibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells. Eight‐week treatment of ApcΔ716 mice with trametinib, a small‐molecule MEK inhibitor, significantly reduced the number of polyps in the large size class, accompanied by reduced angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation. Trametinib treatment reduced the COX‐2 level in ApcΔ716 tumors in vivo and in primary culture of intestinal fibroblasts in vitro. Antibody array analysis revealed that trametinib and the COX‐2 inhibitor rofecoxib both reduced the level of CCL2, a chemokine known to be essential for the growth of Apc mutant polyps, in intestinal fibroblasts in vitro. Consistently, trametinib treatment reduced the Ccl2 mRNA level in ApcΔ716 tumors in vivo. These results suggest that MEK/ERK signaling plays key roles in intestinal adenoma formation in ApcΔ716 mice, at least in part, through COX‐2 induction in tumor stromal cells.
Influence of blinded wound closure on the volume stability of different GBR materials: an in vitro cone‐beam computed tomographic examination
Authors: Mir‐Mari Javier , Wui Hu , Jung Ronald E. , Hämmerle Christoph H. F. , Benic Goran I. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo test whether the use of (i) particulated bone substitute + collagen membrane used for guided bone regeneration (GBR) of peri‐implant bone defects renders different results from (ii) particulated bone substitute + collagen membrane + fixation pins and from (iii) block bone substitute + collagen membrane with respect to the volume stability of the augmented region during suturing of mucosal flaps.Material and methodsTwenty peri‐implant box‐shaped bone defects were created in 10 pig mandibles. Every bone defect was augmented once with each of the following GBR procedures: Granulate (particulated xenograft + collagen membrane), Granulate + Pins (particulated xenograft + collagen membrane + fixation pins), and Block (block xenograft + collagen membrane). Cone‐beam computed tomography scans were obtained prior and after blinded wound closure. The horizontal thickness (HT) of the augmented region (bone substitute + membrane) was assessed at the implant shoulder (HT0 mm) and at 1–5 mm apical to the implant shoulder (HT1 mm–HT5 mm). The changes of HT during flap suturing were calculated as absolute (mm) and relative values (%). Repeated‐measures ANOVA was used for statistical analysis.ResultsWound closure induced a statistically significant change of HT0 mm and of HT1 mm in all the treatment groups (P ≤ 0.05). The change in HT0 mm measured −42.8 ± 17.9% (SD) for Granulate, −22.9 ± 21.2% (SD) for Granulate + Pins, and −20.2 ± 18.9% (SD) for Block. The reduction in HT0 mm, HT1 mm, HT2 mm, and HT3 mm for the Granulate procedure was significantly higher as compared to the Granulate + Pins and the Block procedures (P ≤ 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the change of HT between the Granulate + Pins and the Block procedures (P > 0.05).ConclusionWound closure induced displacement of the bone substitute resulting in a partial collapse of the collagen membrane in the coronal portion of the augmented site. The stability of the bone substitute and collagen membrane was enhanced by the application of fixation pins and by the use of block bone substitute instead of particulated bone substitute.
Long‐term retrospective follow‐up of turned and moderately rough implants in the edentulous jaw
Authors: Vandeweghe Stefan , Ferreira Deon , Vermeersch Louis , Mariën Margot , De Bruyn Hugo 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAimTo compare the long‐term clinical outcome of turned vs. moderately rough implants.Materials and methodsPatients treated with implants in the edentulous mandible and/or maxilla were invited for a clinical examination. After prosthesis removal, the pocket depth was measured and the bleeding scored. Also, a new radiograph was taken for bone loss evaluation. Patients were also requested to rate their satisfaction with the treatment.ResultsOne hundred and ninety‐seven implants in 33 patients were evaluated. After a mean follow‐up of 172 months (SD42, range 120–252), the mean loss was 1.61 mm (SD1.35, range 0.00–8.25). Bone loss was higher in the maxilla compared to the mandible (P < 0.001), and at implants, that was restored on implant level (P = 0.003). Multivariate analyses demonstrated a significant effect of implant surface roughness and time of loading on bone loss. Smoking, on the other hand, did not affect the outcome. Mean pocket probing depth was 3.64 mm (SD0.96, range 1.25–7.25). A total of 4.1% of the implants demonstrated signs of peri‐implantitis. The overall patient satisfaction rate was 98.5%.ConclusionImplant treatment in the edentulous jaw has a predictable long‐term outcome with limited complications.
Conservation of biodiversity through taxonomy, data publication, and collaborative infrastructures
Authors: Costello Mark J. , Vanhoorne Bart , Appeltans Ward 
Published: April 2015

AbstractTaxonomy is the foundation of biodiversity science because it furthers discovery of new species. Globally, there have never been so many people involved in naming species new to science. The number of new marine species described per decade has never been greater. Nevertheless, it is estimated that tens of thousands of marine species, and hundreds of thousands of terrestrial species, are yet to be discovered; many of which may already be in specimen collections. However, naming species is only a first step in documenting knowledge about their biology, biogeography, and ecology. Considering the threats to biodiversity, new knowledge of existing species and discovery of undescribed species and their subsequent study are urgently required. To accelerate this research, we recommend, and cite examples of, more and better communication: use of collaborative online databases; easier access to knowledge and specimens; production of taxonomic revisions and species identification guides; engagement of nonspecialists; and international collaboration. “Data‐sharing” should be abandoned in favor of mandated data publication by the conservation science community. Such a step requires support from peer reviewers, editors, journals, and conservation organizations. Online data publication infrastructures (e.g., Global Biodiversity Information Facility, Ocean Biogeographic Information System) illustrate gaps in biodiversity sampling and may provide common ground for long‐term international collaboration between scientists and conservation organizations.
Predictors for early diagnosis of cerebral palsy from national registry data
Authors: Granild‐Jensen Jakob Bie , Rackauskaite Gija , Flachs Esben Meulengracht , Uldall Peter 
Published: April 2015

AimAs early intervention is important in cerebral palsy (CP), an early diagnosis is desirable. The aim of this study was to establish the median diagnostic age of CP and to identify predictors of an early diagnosis in a population‐based cohort.MethodUsing the Danish National Cerebral Palsy Registry (NCPR), we identified 1291 children with CP (764 males, 527 females) born between 1995 and 2003. The date of diagnosis was defined as the day the parents were told that their child was spastic or had CP. We calculated the age of diagnosis and analysed the following predictors: type of CP, degree of motor disability, cerebral ultrasonography results, epilepsy, gestational age, and degree of cognitive impairment.ResultsWe found the overall median corrected diagnostic age of CP to be 11 months. Early diagnosis was associated with the type of CP, presence of epilepsy, a high degree of motor disability, and abnormalities in the cerebral ultrasonography. The gestational age was not associated with the diagnostic age.InterpretationThe median diagnostic age implies that half of the Danish children with CP will be able to enter an early intervention program before 1 year of age. A late diagnosis was associated with less severe symptoms, and gestational age did not influence the diagnostic age.
Adaptive seating systems in children with severe cerebral palsy across International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health for Children and Youth version domains: a systematic review
Authors: Angsupaisal Mattana , Maathuis Carel G B , Hadders‐Algra Mijna 
Published: April 2015

AimThe aim of this study was to systematically review the effect of adaptive seating systems (AdSSs) in young people less than 19 years of age with severe cerebral palsy (CP), with particular focus on child‐related outcomes across all components of the functioning and disability domains of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health for Children and Youth version (ICF‐CY).MethodLiterature searches of studies published from 1975 to October 2014 were performed. Methodological quality and the risk of bias were analysed using Sackett's level of evidence, the American Academy for Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine guidelines, and Mallen criteria for observational studies.ResultsNine studies fulfilled the selection criteria. All studies had level IV evidence and were of moderate methodological quality. The results focused on the effects of AdSSs on postural control and on upper extremity function and on additional child‐related outcomes. The results suggested that AdSSs that include trunk and hip support devices may improve postural control outcomes, and that special‐purpose AdSSs may improve self‐care and play behaviour at home.InterpretationBecause of a low level of evidence and the moderate methodological quality of the studies available, no robust conclusions can be drawn. Nevertheless, the data suggest that AdSSs may be able to improve activity and participation at home among children with severe CP. More studies of high methodological quality addressing the effect of AdSSs on activity and participation are urgently needed. Suggestions for future research are provided.