bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capture of Viable Circulating Tumor Cells in the Liver of Colorectal Cancer Patients
Authors: Denève Eric , Riethdorf Sabine , Ramos Jeanne , Nocca David , Coffy Amandine , Daurès Jean-Pierre , Maudelonde Thierry , Fabre Jean-Michel , Pantel Klaus , Alix-Panabières Catherine 
Published: May 2013

BACKGROUND
The incidence and number of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the peripheral blood of colorectal cancer patients are lower than in other cancer types, which may point to a particular biology of colorectal cancer affecting CTC detection.

METHODS
We detected CTCs in the peripheral and mesenteric blood of colorectal cancer patients by use of 2 independent technologies on the basis of different biological properties of colon cancer cells. Seventy-five patients diagnosed with localized (M0, n = 60) and metastatic (M1, n = 15) colorectal cancer were included. Peripheral and mesenteric blood samples were collected before tumor resection. We performed CTC enumeration with an EpCAM-independent enrichment method followed by the Epispot assay that detected only viable CK19-releasing CTCs. In parallel, we used the FDA-cleared EpCAM-dependent CellSearch® as the reference method.

RESULTS
The enumeration of CK19-releasing cells by the CK19-Epispot assay revealed viable CTCs in 27 of 41 (65.9%) and 41 of 74 (55.4%) (P = 0.04) patients in mesenteric and peripheral blood, respectively, whereas CellSearch detected CTCs in 19 of 34 (55.9%) and 20 of 69 (29.0%) (P = 0.0046) patients. In mesenteric blood, medians of 4 (range 0–247) and 2.7 CTCs (range 0–286) were found with Epispot and CellSearch (P = 0.2), respectively, whereas in peripheral blood, Epispot and CellSearch detected a median of 1.2 (range 0–92) and 0 CTCs (range 0–147) (P = 0.002).

CONCLUSIONS
A considerable portion of viable CTCs detectable by the Epispot assay are trapped in the liver as the first filter organ in CRC patients.
Phasing-in plasma metanephrines determination
Authors: Brossaud Julie , Gosse Philippe , Gatta Blandine , Tabarin Antoine , Simonnet Guy , Corcuff Jean-Benoît 
Published: May 2013

ObjectivesWe set up plasma normetanephrine (pNMA) and metanephrine (pMA) assays as they demonstrated their usefulness for diagnosing phaeochromocytomas. Our scope is to describe some practical laboratory aspects and the clinical relevance of these assays in our endocrinological or cardiological departments.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the results of MA from a population of in- and outpatients over a 7-year period. Subjects (n=2536) from endocrinological or cardiological departments were investigated (66 phaeochromocytomas). Urinary NMA (uNMA) and pNMA, and urinary MA (uMA) and pMA were assayed by HPLC with electrochemical detection.ResultspNMA and pMA assays are now more frequently requested than uNMA and uMA. This changed our laboratory work load with improved delivery, sensitivity and reliability of plasma assays as well as reduced apparatus maintenance time.The pNMA and pMA upper reference limits (URLs) of subjects with no phaeochromocytoma were 1040 and 430 pmol/l respectively. Sensitivity and specificity based on receiver operating characteristic curves optimal points were 83 and 93% for pNMA at 972 pmol/l and 67 and 98% for pMA at 638 pmol/l. Sensitivity and specificity of paired tests of pMA (positive test: at least one analyte above its URLs) were 100 and 91% respectively.ConclusionThe very low concentration of analytes requires a sustained very good apparatus analytical sensitivity. This can be obtained in an up-to-date laboratory. In terms of clinical performances, assays in plasma or urine are equivalent. Depending on local preferences, populations, strategies or departments, requests for one or the other assay may sustain the need for specifically defined reference ranges.
Health Care Failure Mode and Effect Analysis to Reduce NICU Line–Associated Bloodstream Infections
Authors: Chandonnet Celeste J. , Kahlon Prerna S. , Rachh Pratik , DeGrazia Michele , DeWitt Eileen C. , Flaherty Kathleen A. , Spigel Nadine , Packard Stephanie , Casey Denise , Rachwal Christine , Agrawal Pankaj B. 
Published: May 2013

OBJECTIVE:
Central line–associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) in NICU result in increased mortality, morbidity, and length of stay. Our NICU experienced an increase in the number of CLABSIs over a 2-year period. We sought to reduce risks for CLABSIs using health care failure mode and effect analysis (HFMEA) by analyzing central line insertion, maintenance, and removal practices.

METHODS:
A multidisciplinary team was assembled that included clinicians from nursing, neonatology, surgery, infection prevention, pharmacy, and quality management. Between March and October 2011, the team completed the HFMEA process and implemented action plans that included reeducation, practice changes, auditing, and outcome measures.

RESULTS:
The HFMEA identified 5 common failure modes that contribute to the development of CLABSIs. These included contamination, suboptimal environment of care, improper documentation and evaluation of central venous catheter dressing integrity, issues with equipment and suppliers, and lack of knowledge. Since implementing the appropriate action plans, the NICU has experienced a significant decrease in CLABSIs from 2.6 to 0.8 CLABSIs per 1000 line days.

CONCLUSIONS:
The process of HFMEA helped reduce the CLABSI rate and reinforce the culture of continuous quality improvement and safety in the NICU.
Oxygen Saturation Nomogram in Newborns Screened for Critical Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Jegatheesan Priya , Song Dongli , Angell Cathy , Devarajan Kamakshi , Govindaswami Balaji 
Published: May 2013

OBJECTIVE:To establish simultaneous pre- and postductal oxygen saturation nomograms in asymptomatic newborns when screening for critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) at ∼24 hours after birth.METHODS:Asymptomatic term and late preterm newborns admitted to the newborn nursery were screened with simultaneous pre- and postductal oxygen saturation measurements at ∼24 hours after birth. The screening program was implemented in a stepwise fashion in 3 different affiliated institutions. Data were collected prospectively from July 2009 to March 2012 in all 3 centers.RESULTS:We screened 13 714 healthy newborns at a median age of 25 hours. The mean preductal saturation was 98.29% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 98.27–98.31), median 98%, and mean postductal saturation was 98.57% (95% CI: 98.55–98.60), median 99%. The mean difference between the pre- and postductal saturation was −0.29% (95% CI: −0.31 to −0.27) with P &lt; .00005. Its clinical relevance to CCHD screening remains to be determined. The postductal saturation was equal to preductal saturation in 38% and greater than preductal saturation in 40% of the screens.CONCLUSIONS:We have established simultaneous pre- and postductal oxygen saturation nomograms at ∼24 hours after birth based on &gt;13 000 asymptomatic newborns. Such nomograms are important to optimize screening thresholds and methodology for detecting CCHD.
Comparative Effectiveness of Acellular Versus Whole-Cell Pertussis Vaccines in Teenagers
Authors: Klein Nicola P. , Bartlett Joan , Fireman Bruce , Rowhani-Rahbar Ali , Baxter Roger 
Published: May 2013

BACKGROUND:During the 1990s, the United States switched from combined diphtheria, tetanus toxoids, whole-cell pertussis (DTwP) vaccines to combined acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccines because of safety concerns. After a 2010–2011 pertussis outbreak, we sought to evaluate whether disease risk in 10 to 17 year olds differed between those who previously received DTwP from those who received DTaP.METHODS:A case-control study among individuals born from 1994 to 1999 who received 4 pertussis-containing vaccines during the first 2 years of life at Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC). We separately compared pertussis polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive cases with PCR-negative and KPNC-matched controls. We assessed risk of pertussis relative to vaccine type in early childhood (4 DTwPs, mixed DTwP/DTaP, or 4 DTaPs) by using conditional logistic regression stratified for calendar time and adjusted for gender, race, medical clinic, and receipt of reduced antigen content acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine.RESULTS:We compared 138 PCR-positive cases with 899 PCR-negative and 54 339 KPNC-matched controls. Teenagers who had received 4 DTwPs were much less likely to be pertussis PCR-positive than those who had received 4 DTaPs (odds ratio 5.63, 95% confidence interval 2.55–12.46) or mixed DTwP/DTaP vaccines (odds ratio 3.77, 95% confidence interval 1.57–9.07). Decreasing number of DTwP doses was significantly associated with increased pertussis risk (P &lt; .0001).CONCLUSIONS:Teenagers who received DTwP vaccines in childhood were more protected during a pertussis outbreak than were those who received DTaP vaccines.
Pediatric Organ Donation and Transplantation
Authors: Workman Jennifer K. , Myrick Craig W. , Meyers Rebecka L. , Bratton Susan L. , Nakagawa Thomas A. 
Published: May 2013

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
There is increasing unmet need for solid organ donation. Alternative donor sources, such as donation after circulatory determination of death (DCDD), are needed. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of DCDD on trends in pediatric organ donation and transplantation.

METHODS:
Data were obtained from the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network for US organ recipients and donors from 2001 to 2010 stratified according to age, organ, and deceased donor type (DCDD or donation after neurologic determination of death). Additional data included transplant wait-list removals due to death.

RESULTS:
From 2001 to 2010, pediatric organ transplant recipients increased from 1170 to 1475. Organs from DCDD donors were transplanted into children infrequently but increased from 1 to 31. Pediatric donation after neurologic determination of death decreased by 13% whereas DCDD increased by 174% (50 to 137). Recipients of pediatric grafts decreased from 3042 to 2751. Adults receiving grafts from pediatric donors decreased from 2243 to 1780; children receiving pediatric grafts increased from 799 to 971. Transplant recipients receiving pediatric DCDD grafts were few but increased annually from 50 to 128 adults and 0 to 9 children. Pediatric candidates dying waiting for an organ decreased from 262 to 110.

CONCLUSIONS:
From 2001 to 2010, children received more solid organ transplants and fewer children died waiting. Organ recovery from pediatric and adult DCDD donors increased. The number of pediatric recipients of DCDD grafts remains small. Adults primarily receive the direct benefit from pediatric DCDD but other changes in organ allocation have directly benefited children.
Effect of Surfactant Partitioning on Mobility Control During CO2 Flooding
Authors: Ren Guangwei , Zhang Hang , Nguyen Quoc P. 
Published: May 2013

Summary
This paper presents a systematic study of the effect of surfactant partitioning between supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) and water on surfactant transport and foam propagation during a two-phase flow. A series of corefloods was conducted on Silurian dolomite cores with different nonionic and anionic surfactants that represent respective wide ranges of partition coefficients and solubility in SCCO2. Foam robustness (i.e., rate of foam development) and displacement efficiency were related to these surfactant properties. Coreflood results and all measured surfactant properties were used in a commercial reservoir simulator to determine the variation of the surfactant-partitioning effect from laboratory to field scale. The optimization of the surfactant-partition coefficient for field-scale foam process was performed with different injection strategies.
The results from this study enable us to tailor the properties of CO2-soluble surfactants (i.e., partition coefficients) to a wide range of reservoir conditions and optimal injection strategies. The understanding of the surfactant-partitioning effect is also important in overcoming technical challenges encountered in the injection of surfactant in CO2.
The partition between CO2 and water phases was much more sensitive to surfactant structure than temperature and pressure. Strong foam development was observed for all nonionic and anionic surfactants, whereas an increase in surfactant-partition coefficient lowered the rate of foam propagation. Field-scale foam simulations indicate that foam performance and surfactant transport are governed not only by constrained injection strategies, but also by a surfactant-partition coefficient.
This novel CO2-soluble-surfactant concept diversifies injection strategies with respect to operational constraints, thus broadening the application of foam process. For a given injection strategy, a surfactant-partition coefficient could be optimized to improve injectivity and sweep efficiency. The optimal partition of the surfactant between the CO2 and aqueous phases minimizes the wasting of expensive surfactant in water that never comes in contact with CO2.
A New Dynamic Wettability-Alteration Model for Oil-Wet Cores During Surfactant-Solution Imbibition
Authors: Kalaei M. Hosein , Green Don W. , Willhite G. Paul 
Published: May 2013

SummaryWettability modification of solid rocks with surfactants is an important process and has the potential to recover oil from reservoirs. When wettability is altered by use of surfactant solutions, capillary pressure, relative permeabilities, and residual oil saturations change wherever the porous rock is contacted by the surfactant. In this study, a mechanistic model is described in which wettability alteration is simulated by a new empirical correlation of the contact angle with surfactant concentration developed from experimental data. This model was tested against results from experimental tests in which oil was displaced from oil-wet cores by imbibition of surfactant solutions. Quantitative agreement between the simulation results of oil displacement and experimental data from the literature was obtained. Simulation of the imbibition of surfactant solution in laboratory-scale cores with the new model demonstrated that wettability alteration is a dynamic process, which plays a significant role in history matching and prediction of oil recovery from oil-wet porous media. In these simulations, the gravity force was the primary cause of the surfactant-solution invasion of the core that changed the rock wettability toward a less oil-wet state.
Numerical Simulation in the Time Domain of the Intermittent Gas-Lift and its Variants for Petroleum Wells
Authors: Pestana T.. , Bordalo S.. , de Almeida Barreto Filho M.. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractCurrently, hundreds of petroleum wells, mainly in the northeast region of Brazil, are equipped with Intermittent Gas-Lift systems (IGL), due to the high number of mature fields with low reservoir static pressure. Over the years, mathematical models based on integral analysis were developed to predict the behavior of the entire production system of IGL wells. Although these models have evolved, they do not include, in their current forms, models for some important parts and components of the well installation. This paper extends the IGL mathematical model, which was first laid out by T. Liao (1991) and later developed by Carvalho Filho (2004), including specific formulations for topics such as the throttling flow regime for the gas-lift valve, the two-phase flow on the production line, the behavior of the pressure upstream of the motor valve during the injection stage, the behavior of the flowing bottom-hole pressure while the standing valve is closed and evaluation of the gas velocity during the decompression stage.A mathematical model for the conventional IGL was built, based on Liao’s and Carvalho’s models, including the aforementioned new formulations. This new model was used as the core of a computer program, which was extended to simulate various other variants of the IGL commonly employed by the petroleum producers in Brazil: the Gas-Lift with Plunger, the Inverted Gas-Lift and the Gas-Lift with Chamber. An algorithm was written for each variant and simulations were carried out using hypothetical and real data to test the code and the models. A graphical user interface was also designed and built, making it easier for the users to input the well completion parameters and to read and display the results of the IGL simulations.
Preventing Gas Locking in Sucker Rod Pumps using an Actuated Traveling Solenoid Valve
Authors: Gala R. D. , Priyamvada K.. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Gas locking has been a problem accompanying the ball and seat Sucker Rod Pump ever since its inception in the oil industry. A gas lock occurs when, contrary to the normal functioning of an SRP, due to a gas influx from the standing valve, the pressure exerted by the fluid below the traveling valve in the closed chamber does not overcome the weight of liquid column lying above the traveling valve in the pump barrel. This fails to lift the ball off the seat.
This paper brings forth the design of a Sucker Rod Pump consisting of a solenoid actuated hydraulic valve in the traveling plunger seat to address this failure. The traveling section contains a hydraulic valve in the plunger seat in conjugation with a solenoid actuator at the surface for executing an open or close mode. The electric supply for the valve is provided through a wire conduit in the polish rod connected to a control system installed at the surface. A sensor is placed to sense the event of beginning of each, up as well as down, stroke of the plunger. Based on this trigger, at the beginning of every down stroke, the solenoid is set on to provide power for the valve to open. This external drive for the valve opening compensates for the negative variation in magnitude of the fluid pressure differential between the traveling and standing sections, thus enabling fluid intake into the pump barrel. When the end of the stroke is sensed, the hydraulic valve piston is seated back for the valve to close. This enables the lifting of the fluid in the pump barrel during the upstroke.
This design aims at latency free synchronization of the valve opening and closing with pump reciprocation under circumstances of gas interference. From first principle, this mechanism of voluntarily open the traveling valve during the downward motion would prevent the problem of gas lock. This would also increase the efficiency by eliminating non producing compression strokes which are also a cause for pump breakdown.
Aggressive Applications: Changing the Failure Rate History in Casabe South Field - Colombia
Authors: Mateus Marin C. F. , Gil Chacon A.. , Monroy Barrios M.. , Martinez E.. , Patino A. E. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
After numerous artificial lift failures with PC pumping installed in a new development field with high future growth, the production increase and application reliability were achieved through implementation of reciprocating rod lift systems including several optimization key factors.
This new artificial lift application was determined considering primarily: gas production, API, BSW, solid production, well survey and production flow rate, all oriented to get a system which is anticipated the main issues identified in Casabe South field as erosion, abrasion, cavitation, elastomer swelling, rod failures and low volumetric efficiency.
Variable speed hydra-pneumatic units were introduced to solve critical gas and flow rate variations to have change options regarding operational parameters, i.e., speed and stroke length, in instantaneous way to optimize production levels using surface pumping with those advantages.
Gas Separators, Two-Stages Rod Pumps, Double Valves, back pressure valve and Continuous Rod are the other technical components used within the optimization process developed; besides, a strict bottom-hole monitoring and surface follow-up for every well are programmed and carried out, which means down-hole gauges and rod pump controllers.
Change of mind started in March 2011 with Casabe South-4 well as field trial, after 3 interventions in less than 1 months and different problems with PC pumping, the performance of reciprocating rod lift system has shown 715 days run life, no failures and under operating conditions still.
PCP Production Optimization in Real Time with Surface Controller
Authors: Romero Alejandro , Gasparri Alberto , Ferrigno Eugenio 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
During 2011 and 2012 a pilot was made to test the possibility of optimizing and protecting the PCP pump with control systems installed on surface. A tool was searched for that would allow for the detection of changes in the behavior of the contribution of the wells, which leads the wells to sub produce or to have the PCP pump working with low submergence. (below the safety levels suggested by the manufacturers). Water injection shutdowns, erratic changes in the inflow, nearby well shutdowns, among others, are the daily problems of the oilfield. The results of this test are recorded in this document.
Well Data Analysis and Integration System Practices
Authors: Gornatti German , Albertini Gabriela , Ferrigno Eugenio 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The present work shows the development applied at the site of Cerro Dragon of Pan American Energy (PAE), which implemented a system that collects, integrates and analyzes dynamometer charts and shooting level measurements.
PAE Cerro Dragon field is the largest oil field in Argentina, located in the Golfo San Jorge basin (Patagonia), with 2900 production wells (75% RP, 24% ESP) + 533 injection wells. The current production is almost 90,000 bopd + 1,000,000 bwpd
This work shows how it was faced with the challenge for data consolidation and validation from different sources. One source is data from suppliers who collect dynamometers/shooting levels. Another information source is the automation system from Rod Pumping Controllers. Finally it also uses information from different maintenance and administrative databases.
All information is processed by the software that was developed by the Operator. It is not a standard or commercial product. This tool is a big gateway, database tool, user manager/viewer, and the most remarkable part is the mathematical tools that allow for the processing of all the information, calculating the Downhole analysis and reports.
Before having this tool, there was on one hand software for manual physical measurements, and on the other a pump off software; both independent and often outdated in one or other piece of information. This required the production meetings to refer to both systems, and in other cases obtain independent reports which then had to be consolidated. Another problem was that, although it was not necessary from the operational point of view to have manual measurements of a well with a pump off controller, in practice one was made about every 3 or 4 months, and the information was consolidated in one place, which was then linked to other company databases.
This new tool has replaced both of the old software systems, since it allows for the generation of downhole reports from remote automation sources in addition to the manual sources, and saves them in a single database consolidated and linked to the rest of the organization.
This demanded a complete and responsible reorganization inside the production staff. This paper will present these reorganizational challenges and lessons learned. Approximately 7000 people work in the oilfield (85% contractors).