bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smart und flexibel
Authors: Rost Henning , Krumm Jürgen , Riethus Katrin , Ludwig Klaus 
Published: September 2013

AbstractDie gedruckte Elektronik ist eine noch junge Plattform‐Technologie, die eine Vielzahl an neuen Produkten ermöglicht. Dabei bringt man über moderne Rolle‐zu‐Rolle‐Druckverfahren “elektronische Tinten” auf großflächigen und flexiblen Substraten auf. Schicht für Schicht entstehen elektronische Bauelemente, wie organische Feldeffekttransistoren (OFETs). Deren Schaltfrequenz wächst quadratisch mit der Miniaturisierung des Abstands zwischen Source‐ und Drain‐Elektrode. Für anspruchsvollere Anwendungen müssen die Druckverfahren deshalb eine Auflösung und auch Präzision im Mikrometerbereich erreichen. Es gibt bereits funktionierende Funketiketten (RFID‐Tags). Weitere Anwendungen sind transparente leitfähige Folien für berührungsempfindliche Displays und sogenannte Smart Objects.
Wann ist Schrödingers Katze wirklich tot?
Authors: Nimmrichter Stefan , Hornberger Klaus 
Published: September 2013

AbstractModerne Experimente bestätigen die Gesetze der Quantenmechanik auf immer größeren Skalen. Dabei stellt sich die Frage, wo der Übergang vom quantenmechanischen zum klassischen Verhalten stattfindet und ob das quantenmechanische Superpositionsprinzip seine Gültigkeit verliert. Wir haben ein Maß vorgeschlagen, das es ermöglicht, unterschiedliche quantenmechanische Experimente danach zu bewerten, wie sehr sie unser alltägliches, klassisches Weltbild in Frage stellen.
Dreiwandige Kohlenstoff‐Nanoröhren atmen lassen
Authors: Hirschmann Thomas Ch. , Nielsch Kornelius , Reichegger Andreas 
Published: September 2013

AbstractModerne Verfahren können gezielt kombiniert werden, um interessante nanoskalige Materialien, wie dreiwandige Kohlenstoff‐Nanoröhren, herzustellen. Eine Forschungsgruppe am Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), an der Wissenschaftler der Universität Hamburg beteiligt waren, hat solche Nanoröhren mit Lasern spektroskopisch charakterisiert. Ein spannender Aspekt dieser experimentellen Ergebnisse betrifft die Wechselwirkungen im Innern von mehrwandigen Kohlenstoff‐Nanoröhren.
Der Berg ruft
Authors: Bührke Thomas 
Published: September 2013

AbstractEin Jahr nach seiner Landung auf dem Mars am 6. August 2012, hat der Rover Curiosity nur etwas mehr als einen Kilometer zurückgelegt, dabei jedoch einige interessante Funde gemacht. Nun soll er die acht Kilometer lange Fahrt zum Zentralberg Mount Sharp antreten. Dort erwartet ihn die eigentlich Missionsaufgabe: die Analyse von Sedimentschichten.
Das Splittern nach dem Schuss
Authors: Vollmer Michael , Möllmann Klaus‐Peter 
Published: September 2013

AbstractRohe Eier sind, zwischen Daumen und Zeigefinger gehalten, sehr stabil. Das gilt auch für kugelförmige Christbaumkugeln. Mit solchen Feiertagsutensilien lassen sich interessante physikalische Experimente zur Inkompressibilität von Flüssigkeiten anstellen – und mit Hochgeschwindigkeitskameras studieren.
Does the use of the revised Psychosocial Assessment Tool (PATrev) result in improved quality of life and reduced psychosocial risk in Canadian families with a child newly diagnosed with cancer?
Authors: Barrera M. , Hancock K. , Rokeach A. , Atenafu E. , Cataudella D. , Punnett A. , Johnston D. , Cassidy M. , Zelcer S. , Silva M. , Jansen P. , Bartels U. , Nathan P. C. , Shama W. , Greenberg C. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractObjectivesEarly psychosocial screening may guide interventions and ameliorate the adverse psychosocial effects of childhood cancer. The revised psychosocial assessment tool provides risk information – Universal (typical distress), Targeted (additional specific distress), and Clinical (severe distress) – about the child with cancer and his or her family. This pilot study investigated the benefits of providing a summary of family psychosocial risk information to the medical team treating the newly diagnosed child (Experimental Group, EG).MethodWe conducted a pilot randomized control trial with a sample of 67 parents, comparing the EG to the control group (CG) on parental perception of family psychosocial difficulties (revised psychosocial assessment tool risk levels), child behavior (behavior assessment scale for children‐2), pediatric quality of life (PedsQL), and parental anxiety (state‐anxiety scale of the state‐trait anxiety inventory ), 2–4 weeks after diagnosis (Time 1) and 6 months later (Time 2).ResultsCompared to the CG, participants in the EG had significantly reduced targeted and clinical risk (p < 0.001), and improved pain related PedsQL at Time 2 (p < 0.05). Scores for PedsQL total and nearly all subscales improved over time in both groups (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). No changes in behavior scores were noted.ConclusionPreliminary findings suggest that providing a summary of the Psychosocial Assessment Tool to the treating team shortly after diagnosis may help reduce family wide psychosocial risk 6 months later and improve quality of life related to pain for children who are undergoing treatment for cancer. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Epigenetic susceptibility factors for prostate cancer with aging
Authors: Damaschke N. A. , Yang B. , Bhusari S. , Svaren J. P. , Jarrard D.F. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDIncreasing age is a significant risk factor for prostate cancer. The prostate is exposed to environmental and endogenous stress that may underlie this remarkable incidence. DNA methylation, genomic imprinting, and histone modifications are examples of epigenetic factors known to undergo change in the aging and cancerous prostate. In this review we examine the data linking epigenetic alterations in the prostate with aging to cancer development.METHODSAn online search of current and past peer reviewed literature on epigenetic changes with cancer and aging was performed. Relevant articles were analyzed.RESULTSEpigenetic changes are responsible for modifying expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Several of these changes may represent a field defect that predisposes to cancer development. Focal hypermethylation occurs at CpG islands in the promoters of certain genes including GSTP1, RARβ2, and RASSF1A with both age and cancer, while global hypomethylation is seen in prostate cancer and known to occur in the colon and other organs. A loss of genomic imprinting is responsible for biallelic expression of the well‐known Insulin‐like Growth Factor 2 (IGF2) gene. Loss of imprinting (LOI) at IGF2 has been documented in cancer and is also known to occur in benign aging prostate tissue marking the presence of cancer. Histone modifications have the ability to dictate chromatin structure and direct gene expression.CONCLUSIONSEpigenetic changes with aging represent molecular mechanisms to explain the increased susceptibly of the prostate to develop cancer in older men. These changes may provide an opportunity for diagnostic and chemopreventive strategies given the epigenome can be modified. Prostate 73:1721–1730, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Applying conformational selection theory to improve crossdocking efficiency in 3‐phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase‐1
Authors: Kotasthane Anuja , Mulakala Chandrika , Viswanadhan Vellarkad N. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTThe emerging picture of biomolecular recognition is that of conformational selection followed by induced‐fit. Conformational selection theory states that binding partners exist in various conformations in solution, with binding involving a “selection” between complementary conformers. In this study, we devise a docking protocol that mimics conformational selection in protein–ligand binding and demonstrate that it significantly enhances crossdocking accuracy over Glide's flexible docking protocol, which is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry. Our protocol uses a pregenerated conformational ensemble to simulate ligand flexibility. The ensemble was generated by thorough conformational sampling coupled with conformer minimization. The generated conformers were then rigidly docked in the active site of the protein along with a postdocking minimization step that allows limited induced fit effects to be modeled for the ligand. We illustrate the improved performance of our protocol through crossdocking of 31 ligands to cocomplexed proteins of the kinase 3‐phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase‐1 extracted from the crystal structures 1H1W (ATP bound), 1OKY (staurosporine bound) and 3QD0 (bound to a potent inhibitor). Consistent with conformational selection theory, the performance of our protocol was the best for crossdocking to the cognate protein bound to the natural ligand, ATP. Proteins 2014; 82:436–451. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Global fold of human cannabinoid type 2 receptor probed by solid‐state 13C‐, 15N‐MAS NMR and molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Kimura Tomohiro , Vukoti Krishna , Lynch Diane L. , Hurst Dow P. , Grossfield Alan , Pitman Michael C. , Reggio Patricia H. , Yeliseev Alexei A. , Gawrisch Klaus 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTThe global fold of human cannabinoid type 2 (CB2) receptor in the agonist‐bound active state in lipid bilayers was investigated by solid‐state 13C‐ and 15N magic‐angle spinning (MAS) NMR, in combination with chemical‐shift prediction from a structural model of the receptor obtained by microsecond‐long molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Uniformly 13C‐ and 15N‐labeled CB2 receptor was expressed in milligram quantities by bacterial fermentation, purified, and functionally reconstituted into liposomes. 13C MAS NMR spectra were recorded without sensitivity enhancement for direct comparison of Cα, Cβ, and CO bands of superimposed resonances with predictions from protein structures generated by MD. The experimental NMR spectra matched the calculated spectra reasonably well indicating agreement of the global fold of the protein between experiment and simulations. In particular, the 13C chemical shift distribution of Cα resonances was shown to be very sensitive to both the primary amino acid sequence and the secondary structure of CB2. Thus the shape of the Cα band can be used as an indicator of CB2 global fold. The prediction from MD simulations indicated that upon receptor activation a rather limited number of amino acid residues, mainly located in the extracellular Loop 2 and the second half of intracellular Loop 3, change their chemical shifts significantly (≥1.5 ppm for carbons and ≥5.0 ppm for nitrogens). Simulated two‐dimensional 13Cα(i)13CO(i) and 13CO(i)15NH(i + 1) dipolar‐interaction correlation spectra provide guidance for selective amino acid labeling and signal assignment schemes to study the molecular mechanism of activation of CB2 by solid‐state MAS NMR. Proteins 2014; 82:452–465. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of precursor gas ratio and firing on silicon surface passivation by APCVD aluminium oxide
Authors: Davis Kristopher O. , Jiang Kaiyun , Wilson Marshall , Demberger Carsten , Zunft Heiko , Haverkamp Helge , Habermann Dirk , Schoenfeld Winston V. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractUsing a high throughput, in‐line atmosphere chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) tool, we have synthesized amorphous aluminum oxide (AlOx) films from precursors of trimethyl‐aluminum (TMA) and O2, yielding a maximum deposition 150 nm min–1 per wafer. For p‐type crystalline silicon (c‐Si) wafers, excellent surface passivation was achieved with the APCVD AlOx films, with a best maximum effective surface recombination velocity (Seff,max) of 8 cm/s following a standard industrial firing step. The findings could be attributed to the existence of large negative charge (Qf ≈ –3 × 1012 cm–2) and low interface defect density (Dit ≈ 4 × 1011 eV–1 cm–2) achieved by the films. This data demonstrates a high potential for APCVD AlOx to be used in high efficiency, low cost industrial solar cells. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Na‐site energy of P2‐type NaxM O2 (M = Mn and Co)
Authors: Tanabe D. , Shimono T. , Kobayashi W. , Moritomo Y. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractP2‐type NaxM O2 (M = Mn and Co) is a promising cathode material for low‐cost sodium ion secondary batteries. In this structure, there are two different crystallographic Nai (i = 1 and 2) sites with different Coulomb potential $ (\varphi _i)$ provided by M4–x and O2–. Here, we experimentally determine a difference ${(\rm \Delta }\varepsilon \equiv \varepsilon _1 - \varepsilon _2)$ of Na‐site energies ${(}\varepsilon _i \equiv e\varphi {\kern 1pt} _i)$ based on the temperature dependence of the site occupancies. We find that ${\rm \Delta }\varepsilon \;{=}\;56\;{K}$ for Na0.52MnO2 is significantly smaller than 190 K for Na0.59CoO2. We interpret the suppressed ${\rm \Delta }\varepsilon $ in Na0.52MnO2 in terms of the screening effect of the Na+ charge. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Probing uranyl(VI) speciation in the presence of amidoxime ligands using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Mustapha Adetayo M. , Pasilis Sofie P. 
Published: September 2013

RATIONALEExtraction processes using poly(acrylamidoxime) resins are being developed to extract uranium from seawater. The main complexing agents in these resins are thought to be 2,6‐dihydroxyiminopiperidine (DHIP) and N1,N5‐dihydroxypentanediimidamide (DHPD), which form strong complexes with uranyl(VI) at the pH of seawater. It is important to understand uranyl(VI) speciation in the presence of these and similar amidoxime ligands to understand factors affecting uranyl(VI) adsorption to the poly(acrylamidoxime) resins.METHODSExperiments were carried out in positive ion mode on a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionization source. The ligands investigated were DHIP, DHPD, and N1,N2‐dihydroxyethanediimidamide (DHED). DHED and DHPD differ only in the number of carbons separating the oxime groups. The effects on the mass spectra of changes in uranyl(VI):ligand ratio, pH, and ligand type were examined.RESULTSDHIP binds uranyl(VI) more effectively than DHPD or DHED in the pH range investigated, forming ions derived from solution‐phase species with uranyl(VI):DHIP stoichiometries of 1:1, 1:2, and 2:3. The 2:3 uranyl(VI):DHIP complex appears to be a previously undescribed solution species. Ions related to uranyl(VI):DHPD complexes were detected in very low abundance. DHED is a more effective complexing agent for uranyl(VI) than DHPD, forming ions having uranyl(VI):DHED stoichiometries of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 2:3.CONCLUSIONSThis study presents a first look at the solution chemistry of uranyl(VI)–amidoxime complexes using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The appearance of previously undescribed solution species suggests that the uranyl–amidoxime system is a rich and relatively complex one, requiring a more in‐depth investigation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lysozyme‐encapsulated gold nanocluster‐based affinity mass spectrometry for pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Chan Po‐Han , Wong Song‐Yi , Lin Shu‐Hsuan , Chen Yu‐Chie 
Published: September 2013

RATIONALEBacterial infections can be difficult to treat and can lead to irreversible damage to patients if proper treatment is not provided in time. Additionally, the emerging threat from antibiotic‐resistant bacterial strains makes medical treatment even more difficult. Thus, rapid identification of infected bacterial strains is essential to assist diagnostics and medical treatment.METHODSLysozymes are glycoside hydrolases that can bind with peptidoglycans on bacterial cell walls. In this work, we demonstrated that lysozyme‐encapsulated gold nanoclusters (lysozyme‐AuNCs) with red photoluminescence can be used as affinity probes to concentrate pathogenic bacteria. After bacteria had been probed by the lysozyme‐AuNCs in a sample solution, the lysozyme‐AuNC‐bacteria conjugates were readily spun down at a low centrifugation speed. The red emission from the AuNCs on the conjugates could be visualized with the naked eye under illumination of ultraviolet light. The bacteria in the conjugates can be identified by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI‐MS) combined with principal component analysis (PCA).RESULTSWe demonstrated that pathogenic bacteria including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, pandrug‐resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and vancomycin‐resistant Enterococcus faecalis (VRE) can be readily concentrated by the lysozyme‐AuNCs and distinguished by the results combining MALDI‐MS and PCA. Additionally, the possibility of using the current approach to differentiate E. faecalis from VRE was also demonstrated. The lowest detection concentration for E. coli using the current approach is ~106 cells/mL.CONCLUSIONSThe results indicated that the lysozyme‐AuNCs are effective affinity probes for Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. By combining the results from MALDI‐MS and PCA, different bacteria can be easily distinguished. The current approach can be potentially used to assist the identification of bacteria from biological fluids. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Documenting utility of paddlefish otoliths for quantification of metals using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Authors: Long James M. , Schaffler Jason J. 
Published: September 2013

RATIONALEThe otoliths of the inner ear of fishes record the environment of their surrounding water throughout their life. For paddlefish (Polyodon spathula), otoliths have not been routinely used by scientists since their detriments were outlined in the early 1940s. We sought to determine if paddlefish otoliths were useful for resolving elemental information contained within.METHODSAdult paddlefish were collected from two wild, self‐sustaining populations in Oklahoma reservoirs in the Arkansas River basin. Juveniles were obtained from a hatchery in the Red River basin of Oklahoma. Otoliths were removed and laser ablation, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) was used to quantify eight elements (Li, Mg, Mn, Rb, Sr, Y, Ba, and Pb) along the core and edge portions, which were analyzed for differences between otolith regions and among paddlefish sources.RESULTSDifferences were found among samples for six of the eight elements examined. Otoliths from Red River basin paddlefish born in a hatchery had significantly lower amounts of Mg and Mn, but higher levels of Rb than otoliths from wild paddlefish in the Arkansas River basin. Concentrations of Y, Sr, and Ba were reduced on the edges of adult paddlefish from both reservoirs compared with the cores.CONCLUSIONSThis research shows the utility of using an ICP‐MS analysis of paddlefish otoliths. Future research that seeks to determine sources of paddlefish production, such as which reservoir tributaries are most important for reproduction or what proportion of the population is composed of wild versus hatchery‐produced individuals, appears promising. Published in 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Finite‐time attitude stabilization for rigid spacecraft
Authors: Lu Kunfeng , Xia Yuanqing 
Published: September 2013

SUMMARYThis paper investigates the finite‐time attitude stabilization problem for rigid spacecraft in the presence of inertia uncertainties and external disturbances. Three nonsingular terminal sliding mode (NTSM) controllers are designed to make the spacecraft system converge to its equilibrium point or a region around its equilibrium point in finite time. In addition, these novel controllers are singularity‐free, and the presented adaptive NTSM control (ANTSMC) laws are chattering‐free. A rigorous proof of finite‐time convergence is developed. The proposed ANTSMC algorithms combine NTSM, adaptation and a constant plus power rate reaching law. Because the algorithms require no information about inertia uncertainties and external disturbances, they can be used in practical systems, where such knowledge is typically unavailable. Simulation results support the theoretical analysis.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cyanobacterium producing cylindrospermopsin cause histopathological changes at environmentally relevant concentrations in subchronically exposed tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Guzmán‐Guillén Remedios , Prieto Ana I. , Moreno Isabel , Vasconcelos Vitor M. , Moyano Rosario , Blanco Alfonso , Cameán Fernandez Ana M. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTThe acute toxicity of cylindrospermopsin (CYN) has been established in rodents, based on diverse intraperitoneal an oral exposure studies and more recently in fish. But no data have been reported in fish after subchronic exposure to cyanobacterial cells containing this cyanotoxin, so far. In this work, tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were exposed by immersion to lyophilized Aphanizomenon ovalisporum cells added to the aquaria using two concentration levels of CYN (10 or 100 μg CYN L−1) and deoxy‐cylindrospermopsin (deoxy‐CYN) (0.46 or 4.6 μg deoxy‐CYN L−1), during two different exposure times: 7 or 14 d. This is the first study showing damage in the liver, kidney, hearth, intestines, and gills of tilapia after subchronic exposure to cyanobacterial cells at environmental relevant concentrations. The major histological changes observed were degenerative processes and steatosis in the liver, membranous glomerulopathy in the kidney, myofibrolysis and edema in the heart, necrotic enteritis in the gastrointestinal tract, and hyperemic processes in gill lamellae and microhemorrhages. Moreover, these histopathological findings confirm that the extent of damage is related to the CYN concentration and length of exposure. Results from the morphometric study indicated that the average of nuclear diameter of hepatocytes and cross‐sections of proximal and distal convoluted tubules are useful to evaluate the damage induced by CYN in the main targets of toxicity. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 30: 261–277, 2015.
Synthesis and Effects of Heat Treatments on Luminescence Behavior of a Templated Borate
Authors: Xu Xuetao , Liang Kanyi , Lin Yirou 
Published: September 2013

AbstractTemplated pentaborates have potential application as LEDs. The organically templated pentaborate [C2H8N][B5O6(OH)4] (A) was synthesized by the reaction of dimethylamine with boric acid in pyridine solution and the compound was characterized by elemental analysis, FT‐IR and photoluminescence spectroscopy as well as TG‐DTA analysis and powder X‐ray diffraction. The crystallographic structure of A was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P$\bar{1}$ with the parameters of a = 8.893(7) (Å), b = 8.902(7) (Å), c = 16.967(16) (Å), α = 102.620(12)°,β = 102.817(11)°, γ = 99.107(5)°, V = 1247.5(18) Å3 and Z = 4. The luminescent properties of the compound were studied, and a purple‐pink luminescence occurs with an emission maximum at 473 nm. The photoluminescence of A can be changed from purple‐pink to white by means of a simple heat‐treatment process. The white‐light‐emission of the as‐synthesized sample G makes the pentaborate a good candidate for display and lighting applications in white LEDs.