bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth under elevated CO2 concentration affects the temperature response of photosynthetic rate
Authors: Holišová P. , Šigut L. , Klem K. , Urban O. 
Published: June 2013

In this study, we tested the hypothesis that an elevated CO2concentration leads to a shift of the temperature optimum of the photosynthetic rate in trees. Since the elevated CO2treatment usually leads to a significant decrease in stomatal conductance and consequently to decrease in transpiration followed by an increase in leaf temperature, we hypothesized that elevated CO2results in the acclimation of photosynthetic apparatus to the higher temperature.We studied the two most common species in the Czech Republic – European beech (Fagus sylvaticaL.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies(L.) Karsten). The eight-year-old trees were grown in glass domes at the experimental research site Bílý Kříž in the Beskydy Mts. and they were exposed to ambient (AC; 385 µmol CO2mol-1) and elevated CO2concentrations (EC; 700 µmol CO2mol-1). Based on the gas-exchange and fluorescence techniques we determined the basic photosynthetic characteristics in the range of leaf temperatures from 10 to 45 °C. The changes in temperature acclimation of tree species studied were evaluated on the basis of the shift of temperature optima.EC treatment led indeed to an increase of leaf temperature up to 3.5 °C in both species studied. The temperature optimum of the light-saturated rate of CO2assimilation, measured at the growth CO2concentration (i.e. 385 for AC and 700 µmol CO2mol-1for EC trees), was higher by 3 °C in both tree species of the EC variant. Although the shift in photosynthetic temperature optimum disappeared when the AC plants were exposed to an elevated CO2concentration, an acclimation of Rubisco carboxylation and electron transport to higher temperature was observed.
Monoidal transforms and invariants of singularities in positive characteristic
Authors: Benito Angélica , Villamayor U. Orlando E. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe problem of resolution of singularities in positive characteristic can be reformulated as follows: fix a hypersurface$X$, embedded in a smooth scheme, with points of multiplicity at most$n$. Let an$n$-sequence of transformations of$X$be a finite composition of monoidal transformations with centers included in the$n$-fold points of$X$, and of its successive strict transforms. The open problem (in positive characteristic) is to prove that there is an$n$-sequence such that the final strict transform of$X$has no points of multiplicity$n$(no$n$-fold points). In characteristic zero, such an$n$-sequence is defined in two steps. The first consists of the transformation of$X$to a hypersurface with$n$-fold points in the so-calledmonomial case. The second step consists of the elimination of these$n$-fold points (in the monomial case), which is achieved by a simple combinatorial procedure for choices of centers. The invariants treated in this work allow us to present a notion ofstrong monomial casewhich parallels that of monomial case in characteristic zero: if a hypersurface is within the strong monomial case we prove that a resolution can be achieved in a combinatorial manner.
Limit transition between hypergeometric functions of type BC and type A
Authors: Rösler Margit , Koornwinder Tom , Voit Michael 
Published: June 2013

AbstractLet ${F}_{BC} (\lambda , k; t)$ be the Heckman–Opdam hypergeometric function of type BC with multiplicities $k= ({k}_{1} , {k}_{2} , {k}_{3} )$ and weighted half-sum $\rho (k)$ of positive roots. We prove that ${F}_{BC} (\lambda + \rho (k), k; t)$ converges as ${k}_{1} + {k}_{2} \rightarrow \infty $ and ${k}_{1} / {k}_{2} \rightarrow \infty $ to a function of type A for $t\in { \mathbb{R} }^{n} $ and $\lambda \in { \mathbb{C} }^{n} $. This limit is obtained from a corresponding result for Jacobi polynomials of type BC, which is proven for a slightly more general limit behavior of the multiplicities, using an explicit representation of Jacobi polynomials in terms of Jack polynomials. Our limits include limit transitions for the spherical functions of non-compact Grassmann manifolds over one of the fields $ \mathbb{F} = \mathbb{R} , \mathbb{C} , \mathbb{H} $ when the rank is fixed and the dimension tends to infinity. The limit functions turn out to be exactly the spherical functions of the corresponding infinite-dimensional Grassmann manifold in the sense of Olshanski.
An Escherichia coli Effector Protein Promotes Host Mutation via Depletion of DNA Mismatch Repair Proteins
Authors: Maddocks Oliver David Kenneth , Scanlon Karen Mary , Donnenberg Michael S. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Enteropathogenic
Escherichia coli
(EPEC) is an attaching and effacing (A/E) human pathogen that causes diarrhea during acute infection, and it can also sustain asymptomatic colonization. A/E
E. coli
depletes host cell DNA mismatch repair (MMR) proteins in colonic cell lines and has been detected in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. However, until now, a direct link between infection and host mutagenesis has not been fully demonstrated. Here we show that the EPEC-secreted effector protein EspF is critical for complete EPEC-induced depletion of MMR proteins. The mechanism of EspF activity on MMR protein was posttranscriptional and dependent on EspF mitochondrial targeting. EPEC infection also induced EspF-independent elevation of host reactive oxygen species levels. Moreover, EPEC infection significantly increased spontaneous mutation frequency in host cells, and this effect was dependent on mitochondrially targeted EspF. Taken together, these results support the hypothesis that A/E
E. coli
can promote colorectal carcinogenesis in humans.

IMPORTANCE
There is mounting evidence linking the gut microbiota with the induction of colorectal tumorigenesis. We previously described the downregulation of host cell mismatch repair (MMR) protein levels upon enteropathogenic
Escherichia coli
(EPEC) infection and speculated that this depletion may lead to an ablated DNA repair system. In this work, we identify EspF, a translocated EPEC effector protein, as one of the factors required for this phenotype and show that this effector protein must be targeted to the mitochondria in order to exert its effect. Furthermore, we found that the impaired mismatch repair system resulting from EPEC infection led to the generation of spontaneous mutations within host
DNA at a
site of microsatellite instability, a trait typical of colorectal tumors. Thus, this work provides a novel means by which enteric bacteria may promote colorectal carcinogenesis.
Identification of a New Cyclovirus in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Acute Central Nervous System Infections
Authors: Tan Le Van , van Doorn H. Rogier , Nghia Ho Dang Trung , Chau Tran Thi Hong , Tu Le Thi Phuong , de Vries Michel , Canuti Marta , Deijs Martin , Jebbink Maarten F. , Baker Stephen , Bryant Juliet E. , Tham Nguyen Thi , BKrong Nguyen Thi Thuy Chinh , Boni Maciej F. , Loi Tran Quoc , Phuong Le Thi , Verhoeven Joost T. P. , Crusat Martin , Jeeninga Rienk E. , Schultsz Constance , Chau Nguyen Van Vinh , Hien Tran Tinh , van der Hoek Lia , Farrar Jeremy , de Jong Menno D. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT
Acute central nervous system (CNS) infections cause substantial morbidity and mortality, but the etiology remains unknown in a large proportion of cases. We identified and characterized the full genome of a novel cyclovirus (tentatively named cyclovirus-Vietnam [CyCV-VN]) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens of two Vietnamese patients with CNS infections of unknown etiology. CyCV-VN was subsequently detected in 4% of 642 CSF specimens from Vietnamese patients with suspected CNS infections and none of 122 CSFs from patients with noninfectious neurological disorders. Detection rates were similar in patients with CNS infections of unknown etiology and those in whom other pathogens were detected. A similar detection rate in feces from healthy children suggested food-borne or orofecal transmission routes, while high detection rates in feces from pigs and poultry (average, 58%) suggested the existence of animal reservoirs for such transmission. Further research is needed to address the epidemiology and pathogenicity of this novel, potentially zoonotic virus.

IMPORTANCE
Acute central nervous system (CNS) infections cause substantial morbidity and mortality, but the etiology frequently remains unknown, which hampers development of therapeutic or preventive strategies. Hence, identification of novel pathogens is essential and is facilitated by current next-generation sequencing-based methods. Using such technology, we identified and characterized the full genome of a novel cyclovirus in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens from two Vietnamese patients with CNS infections of unknown etiology, which was subsequently detected in none of 122 CSF specimens from patients with noninfectious neurological disorders but 4% of 642 CSF specimens from Vietnamese patients with suspected or confirmed CNS infections. Similar detection rates in feces from healthy children suggested food-borne or orofecal transmission routes, while frequent detection in feces from Vietnamese pigs and poultry (average, 58%) suggested the existence of animal reservoirs for such transmission. Further studies are needed to address the epidemiology and pathogenicity of this novel, potentially zoonotic virus.
CHARACTERIZING EXOPLANETS IN THE VISIBLE AND INFRARED: A SPECTROMETER CONCEPT FOR THE EChO SPACE MISSION
Authors: GLAUSER A. M. , VAN BOEKEL R. , KRAUSE O. , HENNING TH. , BENNEKE B. , BOUWMAN J. , CUBILLOS P. E. , CROSSFIELD I. J. M. , DETRE Ö. H. , EBERT M. , GRÖZINGER U. , GÜDEL M. , HARRINGTON J. , JUSTTANONT K. , KLAAS U. , LENZEN R. , MADHUSUDHAN N. , MEYER M. R. , MORDASINI C. , MÜLLER F. , OTTENSAMER R. , PLESSERIA J.-Y. , QUANZ S. P. , REINERS A. , RENOTTE E. , ROHLOFF R.-R. , SCHEITHAUER S. , SCHMID H. M. , SCHRADER J.-R. , SEEMANN U. , STAM D. , VANDENBUSSCHE B. , WEHMEIER U. 
Published: June 2013

Transit-spectroscopy of exoplanets is one of the key observational techniques used to characterize extrasolar planets and their atmospheres. The observational challenges of these measurements require dedicated instrumentation and only the space environment allows undisturbed access to earth-like atmospheric features such as water or carbon dioxide. Therefore, several exoplanet-specific space missions are currently being studied. One of them is EChO, the Exoplanet Characterization Observatory, which is part of ESA's Cosmic Vision 2015–2025 program, and which is one of four candidates for the M3 launch slot in 2024. In this paper we present the results of our assessment study of the EChO spectrometer, the only science instrument onboard this spacecraft. The instrument is a multi-channel all-reflective dispersive spectrometer, covering the wavelength range from 400 nm to 16μm simultaneously with a moderately low spectral resolution. We illustrate how the key technical challenge of the EChO mission — the high photometric stability — influences the choice of spectrometer concept and fundamentally drives the instrument design. First performance evaluations underline the suitability of the elaborated design solution for the needs of the EChO mission.
Anatectic reworking and differentiation of continental crust along the active margin of Gondwana: a zircon Hf–O perspective from West Antarctica
Authors: Yakymchuk Chris , Siddoway Christine S. , Fanning C. Mark , Mcfadden Rory , Korhonen Fawna J. , Brown Michael 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
The Fosdick migmatite–granite complex of West Antarctica preserves evidence of two crustal differentiation events along a segment of the former active margin of Gondwana, one in the Devonian–Carboniferous and another in the Cretaceous. The Hf–O isotope composition of zircons from Devonian–Carboniferous granites is explained by mixing of material from two crustal sources represented by the high-grade metamorphosed equivalents of a Lower Palaeozoic turbidite sequence and a Devonian calc-alkaline plutonic suite, consistent with an interpretation that the Devonian–Carboniferous granites record crustal reworking without input from a more juvenile source. The Hf–O isotope composition of zircons from Cretaceous granites reflects those same two sources, together with a contribution from a more juvenile source that is most evident in the detachment-hosted, youngest granites. The relatively non-radiogenic εHf isotope characteristics of zircons from the Fosdick complex granites are similar those from the Permo-Triassic granites from the Antarctic Peninsula. However, the Fosdick complex granites contrast with coeval granites in other localities along and across the former active margin of Gondwana, including the Tasmanides of Australia and the Western Province of New Zealand, where the wider range of more radiogenic εHf values of zircon suggests that crustal growth through the addition of juvenile material plays a larger role in granite genesis. These new results highlight prominent arc-parallel and arc-normal variations in the mechanisms and timing of crustal reworking v. crustal growth along the former active margin of Gondwana.

Supplementary material:

Figs S1 and S2 are available at
www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18625
Adherence to WCRF/AICR Cancer Prevention Recommendations and Risk of Postmenopausal Breast Cancer
Authors: Hastert Theresa A. , Beresford Shirley A.A. , Patterson Ruth E. , Kristal Alan R. , White Emily 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackground: In 2007, the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) and the American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) released eight recommendations related to body fatness, physical activity, and diet aimed at preventing the most common cancers worldwide. However, limited information exists on the association between meeting these recommendations and risks of specific cancers, including breast cancer.Methods: We operationalized six recommendations (related to body fatness, physical activity, foods that promote weight gain, plant foods, red and processed meats, and alcohol) and examined their association with invasive breast cancer incidence over 6.7 years of follow-up in the Vitamins and Lifestyle (VITAL) study cohort. Participants included 30,797 postmenopausal women, ages 50–76 years at baseline in 2000–2002 with no history of breast cancer. Breast cancers (n = 899) were tracked through the Western Washington Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database.Results: Breast cancer risk was reduced by 60% in women who met at least five recommendations compared with those who met none [HR: 0.40; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.25–0.65; Ptrend &lt; 0.001]. Further analyses that sequentially removed individual recommendations least associated with reduced risk suggested that this reduction is due to meeting recommendations related to body fatness, plant foods, and alcohol (HR for meeting vs. not meeting these three recommendations: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.25–0.58; Ptrend &lt; 0.001).Conclusions: Meeting the WCRF/AICR cancer prevention recommendations, specifically those related to alcohol, body fatness, and plant foods, is associated with reduced postmenopausal breast cancer incidence.Impact: Increased adherence to the WCRF/AICR cancer prevention recommendations could substantially reduce postmenopausal breast cancer risk in U.S. women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(9); 1498–508. ©2013 AACR.
Impact of Bioinformatic Procedures in the Development and Translation of High-Throughput Molecular Classifiers in Oncology
Authors: Ferté Charles , Trister Andrew D. , Huang Erich , Bot Brian M. , Guinney Justin , Commo Frederic , Sieberts Solveig , André Fabrice , Besse Benjamin , Soria Jean-Charles , Friend Stephen H. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe progressive introduction of high-throughput molecular techniques in the clinic allows for the extensive and systematic exploration of multiple biologic layers of tumors. Molecular profiles and classifiers generated from these assays represent the foundation of what the National Academy describes as the future of "precision medicine". However, the analysis of such complex data requires the implementation of sophisticated bioinformatic and statistical procedures. It is critical that oncology practitioners be aware of the advantages and limitations of the methods used to generate classifiers to usher them into the clinic. This article uses publicly available expression data from patients with non–small cell lung cancer to first illustrate the challenges of experimental design and preprocessing of data before clinical application and highlights the challenges of high-dimensional statistical analysis. It provides a roadmap for the translation of such classifiers to clinical practice and makes key recommendations for good practice. Clin Cancer Res; 19(16); 4315–25. ©2013 AACR.
Prostate Cancer Cell Telomere Length Variability and Stromal Cell Telomere Length as Prognostic Markers for Metastasis and Death
Authors: Heaphy Christopher M. , Yoon Ghil Suk , Peskoe Sarah B. , Joshu Corinne E. , Lee Thomas K. , Giovannucci Edward , Mucci Lorelei A. , Kenfield Stacey A. , Stampfer Meir J. , Hicks Jessica L. , De Marzo Angelo M. , Platz Elizabeth A. , Meeker Alan K. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Current prognostic indicators are imperfect predictors of outcome in men with clinically localized prostate cancer. Thus, tissue-based markers are urgently needed to improve treatment and surveillance decision-making. Given that shortened telomeres enhance chromosomal instability and such instability is a hallmark of metastatic lesions, we hypothesized that alterations in telomere length in the primary cancer would predict risk of progression to metastasis and prostate cancer death. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a prospective cohort study of 596 surgically treated men who participated in the ongoing Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Men who had the combination of more variable telomere length among prostate cancer cells (cell-to-cell) and shorter telomere length in prostate cancer–associated stromal (CAS) cells were substantially more likely to progress to metastasis or die of their prostate cancer. These findings point to the translational potential of this telomere biomarker for prognostication and risk stratification for individualized therapeutic and surveillance strategies.
Significance: In this prospective study, the combination of more variable telomere length among cancer cells and shorter telomere length in CAS cells was strongly associated with progression to metastasis and prostate cancer death, pointing to the translational potential for prognostication and risk stratification for individualized therapeutic and surveillance strategies. Cancer Discov; 3(10); 1130–41. ©2013 AACR.
See related commentary by Shay, p. 1096
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1083
Combined Effects of Child and Adult Elevated Blood Pressure on Subclinical Atherosclerosis
Authors: Juhola Jonna , Magnussen Costan G. , Berenson Gerald S. , Venn Alison , Burns Trudy L. , Sabin Matthew A. , Srinivasan Sathanur R. , Daniels Stephen R. , Davis Patricia H. , Chen Wei , Kähönen Mika , Taittonen Leena , Urbina Elaine , Viikari Jorma S.A. , Dwyer Terence , Raitakari Olli T. , Juonala Markus 
Published: June 2013

Background—
Elevated blood pressure (BP) levels in childhood have been associated with subsequent atherosclerosis. However, it is uncertain whether this risk is attenuated in individuals who acquire normal BP by adulthood. The present study examined the effect of child and adult BP levels on carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) in adulthood.

Methods and Results—
The cohort consisted of 4210 participants from 4 prospective studies (mean follow-up, 23 years). Childhood elevated BP was defined according to the tables from the National High Blood Pressure Education Program. In adulthood, BP was classified as elevated for individuals with systolic BP ≥120 mm Hg, diastolic BP ≥80 mm Hg or with self-reported use of antihypertensive medications. Carotid artery IMT was measured in the left common carotid artery. High IMT was defined as an IMT ≥90th percentile according to age-, sex-, race-, and cohort-specific levels. Individuals with persistently elevated BP and individuals with normal childhood BP, but elevated adult BP had increased risk of high carotid artery IMT (relative risk [95% confidence interval]) 1.82[1.47–2.38] and 1.57[1.22–2.02], respectively) in comparison with individuals with normal child and adult BP. In contrast, individuals with elevated BP as children but not as adults did not have significantly increased risk (1.24[0.92–1.67]). In addition, these individuals had a lower risk of increased carotid artery IMT (0.66[0.50–0.88]) in compared with those with persistently elevated BP. The results were consistent when controlling for age, sex, and adiposity and when different BP definitions were applied.

Conclusions—
Individuals with persistently elevated BP from childhood to adulthood had increased risk of carotid atherosclerosis. This risk was reduced if elevated BP during childhood resolved by adulthood.
Cost-Effectiveness of Thrombolysis Within 4.5 Hours of Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Tan Tanny Sharman P. , Busija Lucy , Liew Danny , Teo Sarah , Davis Stephen M. , Yan Bernard 
Published: June 2013

Background and Purpose—
Previous economic studies outside Australia have demonstrated that patients treated with tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) within 4.5 hours of stroke onset have lower healthcare costs than those not. We aim to perform cost-effectiveness analysis of intravenous tPA in an Australian setting.

Methods—
Data on clinical outcomes and costs were derived for 378 patients who received intravenous tPA within 4.5 hours of stroke onset at Royal Melbourne Hospital (Australia) between January 2003 and December 2011. To simulate clinical outcomes and costs for a hypothetical control group assumed not to have received tPA, we applied efficacy data from a meta-analysis of randomized trials to outcomes observed in the tPA group. During a 1-year time-horizon, net costs, years of life lived, and quality-adjusted life-years were compared and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios derived for tPA versus no tPA.

Results—
In the study population, mean (SD) age was 68.2 (13.5) years and 206 (54.5%) were men. Median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (interquartile range) at presentation was 12.5 (8–18). Compared with no tPA, we estimated that tPA would result in 0.02 life-years and 0.04 quality-adjusted life-years saved per person >1 year. The net cost of tPA was AUD $55.61 per patient. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were AUD $2377 per life-year saved and AUD $1478 per quality-adjusted life-years saved. Because the costs of tPA are incurred only once, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios would decrease with increasing time-horizon. Uncertainty analyses indicated the results to be robust.

Conclusions—
Intravenous tPA within 4.5 hours represents a cost-effective intervention for acute ischemic stroke.
Biosystematics of insects living in female birch catkins. V. Chalcidoid ectoparasitoids of the genera Torymus Dalman, Aprostocetus Westwood, Psilonotus Walker and Eupelmus Dalman (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea)
Authors: Roskam J.C. 
Published: June 2013

Fully grown larvae have been described of chalcidoids belonging to four genera, viz., Torymus Dalman (Torymidae), Aprostocetus Westwood (Eulophidae), Psilonotus Walker (Pteromalidae) and Eupelmus Dalman (Eupelmidae), all parasitoids of gall midges of the genus Semudobia Kieffer (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), associated with fruit catkins of birch, Betula. Identification keys are provided for mature larvae as well as adults.
Phenology and host-parasitoid associations have been analysed from samples collected in The Netherlands at about sea level and from western Germany at an altitude of 760 m. Finally, possible patterns of co-speciation have been discussed for gall midge hosts and parasitoids.