bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human Influences on Changes in the Temperature Seasonality in Mid- to High-Latitude Land Areas
Authors: Qian Cheng , Zhang Xuebin 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The annual cycle is the largest variability for many climate variables outside the tropics. Whether human activities have affected the annual cycle at the regional scale is unclear. In this study, long-term changes in the amplitude of surface air temperature annual cycle in the observations are compared with those simulated by the climate models participating in phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). Different spatial domains ranging from hemispheric to subcontinental scales in mid- to high-latitude land areas for the period 1950–2005 are considered. Both the optimal fingerprinting and a nonoptimal detection and attribution technique are used. The results show that the space–time pattern of model-simulated responses to the combined effect of anthropogenic and natural forcings is consistent with the observed changes. In particular, models capture not only the decrease in the temperature seasonality in the northern high latitudes and East Asia, but also the increase in the Mediterranean region. A human influence on the weakening in the temperature seasonality in the Northern Hemisphere is detected, particularly in the high latitudes (50°–70°N) where the influence of the anthropogenic forcing can be separated from that of the natural forcing.
Prognostic Value of C-met Expression in Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Mao Zhi-Yuan , Zhu Guang-Qing , Ren Li , Guo Xiao-Chuan , Su Dan , Bai Li 
Published: April 2015

Aim: To explore the relationship of clinicopathological features and the proteins of C-met expression in the prognosis of cholangiocarcinoma. Methods: Clinical data and the completed follow-up information of patients with cholangiocarcinoma who underwent cholangiocarcinoma operation from January 2004 to December 2010 were analyzed retrospectively. The relationship of clinicopathological features and C-met in the prognosis of the patients was analyzed. Results: Patients with high expression of C-met had significantly shorter overall survival than those with low expression of C-met, the difference being statistically significant ( P = .003). Patients with high C-met expression had significantly shorter disease-free survival time than those with low expression of C-met, the difference being statistically significant ( P = .009). By COX multivariate analysis, high C-met expression in tumor tissues was an independent risk factor in predicting overall survival and disease-free survival for patients with cholangiocarcinoma ( P = .038, .048, relative risk = 1.390, 1.427). Conclusion: Patients with high C-met expression in cancer tissues had shorter disease-free survival and overall survival. High expression of C-met is an independent risk factor for overall survival and disease-free survival.
Autologous Dual-Tissue Transplantation for Osteochondral Repair
Authors: Christensen Bjørn Borsøe , Foldager Casper Bindzus , Jensen Jonas , Lind Martin 
Published: April 2015

Background Numerous treatment methods for osteochondral repair have been implemented, including auto- and allogeneic osteochondral transplantations, combined bone and chondrocyte transplantations, and synthetic implants, but no gold standard treatment has been established. We present preliminary data on a combined autologous bone and cartilage chips: autologous dual-tissue transplantation (ADTT); an easily applicable, low-cost treatment option for osteochondral repair. The aim of this study was to investigate the early biological and clinical outcome of ADTT. Materials Eight patients (age 32 ± 7.5 years) suffering from osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) in the knee were enrolled. The OCD lesion was debrided and the osteochondral defect was filled with autologous bone, to a level at the base of the adjacent cartilage. Cartilage biopsies from the intercondylar notch were chipped and embedded within fibrin glue in the defect. Evaluation was performed using magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and clinical scores, preoperative and 1 year postoperative. Results Cartilage tissue repair evaluated using MOCART score improved from 22.5 to 52.5 ( P < 0.01). Computed tomography imaging demonstrated very good subchondral bone healing with all 8 patients having a bone filling of >80%. We found improvements 1 year postoperative in the International Knee Documentation Committee score (from 35.9 to 68.1, P < 0.01), Tegner score (from 2.6 to 4.7, P < 0.05), and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score pain, symptoms, sport/recreation and quality of life ( P < 0.05). Conclusion Treatment of OCD with ADTT resulted in very good subchondral bone restoration and good cartilage repair. Significant improvements in patient reported outcome was found at 1 year postoperative. This study suggests ADTT as a promising, low-cost, treatment option for osteochondral injuries.
Surfactant-treated graphene covered polyaniline nanowires for supercapacitor electrode
Authors: Rajagopalan Balasubramaniyan , Hur Seung Hyun , Chung Jin Suk 
Published: April 2015

AbstractSurfactant-treated graphene/polyaniline (G/PANI) nanocomposites were prepared by the MnO2template-aided oxidative polymerization of aniline (ANI) on the surfactant-treated graphene sheets. The electrochemical performances of the G/PANI nanocomposites in a three-electrode system using an aqueous sulfuric acid as an electrolyte exhibited a specific capacitance of 436 F g−1at 1 A g−1, which is much higher than the specific capacitance of pure PANI (367 F g−1). Such a higher specific capacitance of the G/PANI nanocomposite inferred an excellent synergistic effect of respective pseudocapacitance and electrical double-layer capacitance of PANI and graphene.
Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells modulate dextran sulfate sodium induced acute colitis in immunodeficient mice
Authors: Banerjee Antara , Bizzaro Debora , Burra Patrizia , Di Liddo Rosa , Pathak Surajit , Arcidiacono Diletta , Cappon Andrea , Bo Patrizio , Conconi Maria Teresa , Crescenzi Marika , Pinna Claudia Maria Assunta , Parnigotto Pier Paolo , Alison Malcolm R , Sturniolo Giacomo Carlo , D’Incà Renata , Russo Francesco Paolo 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are complex multi-factorial diseases with increasing incidence worldwide but their treatment is far from satisfactory. Unconventional strategies have consequently been investigated, proposing the use of cells as an effective alternative approach to IBD. In the present study we examined the protective potential of exogenously administered human umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs) against Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS) induced acute colitis in immunodeficient NOD.CB17-Prkdcscid/J mice with particular attention to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress.

Methods
UCMSCs were injected in NOD.CB17-Prkdcscid/J via the tail vein at day 1 and 4 after DSS administration. To verify attenuation of DSS induced damage by UCMSCs, Disease Activity Index (DAI) and body weight changes was monitored daily. Moreover, colon length, histological changes, myeloperoxidase and catalase activities, metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 and 9 expression and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress related proteins were evaluated on day 7.

Results
UCMSCs administration to immunodeficient NOD.CB17-Prkdcscid/J mice after DSS damage significantly reduced DAI (1.45 ± 0.16 vs 2.08 ± 0.18, p < 0.05), attenuating the presence of bloody stools, weight loss, colon shortening (8.95 ± 0.33 cm vs 6.8 ± 0.20 cm, p < 0.01) and histological score (1.97 ± 0.13 vs 3.27 ± 0.13, p < 0.001). Decrease in neutrophil infiltration was evident from lower MPO levels (78.2 ± 9.7 vs 168.9 ± 18.2 U/g, p < 0.01). DSS treatment enhanced MMP2 and MMP9 activities (>3-fold), which were significantly reduced in mice receiving UCMSCs. Moreover, positive modulation in ER stress related proteins was observed after UCMSCs administration.

Conclusions
Our results demonstrated that UCMSCs are able to prevent DSS-induced colitis in immunodeficient mice. Using these mice we demonstrated that our UCMSCs have a direct preventive effect other than the T-cell immunomodulatory properties which are already known. Moreover we demonstrated a key function of MMPs and ER stress in the establishment of colitis suggesting them to be potential therapeutic targets in IBD treatment.
Do I Follow My Friends or the Crowd? Information Cascades in Online Movie Ratings
Authors: Lee Young-Jin , Hosanagar Kartik , Tan Yong 
Published: April 2015

Online product ratings are widely available on the Internet and are known to influence prospective buyers. An emerging literature has started to look at how ratings are generated and, in particular, how they are influenced by prior ratings. We study the social influence of prior ratings and, in particular, investigate any differential impact of prior ratings by strangers (“crowd”) versus friends. We find evidence of both herding and differentiation behavior in crowd ratings wherein users’ ratings are influenced positively or negatively by prior ratings depending on movie popularity. In contrast, friends’ ratings always induce herding. Further, the presence of social networking reduces the likelihood of herding on prior ratings by the crowd. Finally, we find that an increase in the number of friends who can potentially observe a user’s rating (“audience size”) has a positive impact on ratings. These findings raise questions about the reliability of ratings as unbiased indicators of quality and advocate the need for techniques to debias rating systems. This paper was accepted by Sandra Slaughter, information systems.
Prosodic modeling and position analysis of pragmatic markers in English conversation
Authors: Romero-Trillo Jesús 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe objective of this article is to investigate the use of three of the most frequent pragmatic markers in English conversation in the London-Lund Corpus, i.e. “well”, “you know” and “I mean”. Specifically, the aim is to study the characteristics of the prosodic patterns and the Tone Unit position in the realization of pragmatic functions by the markers. The article combines the thorough analysis of the corpus data with the description of the function of these elements in the realization of Adaptive Context within the Dynamic Model of Meaning approach to pragmatics and communication.
On Greenberg’s generalized conjecture for CM-fields
Authors: Fujii Satoshi 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
For a prime number p and a finite extension

k
/
ℚ

{k/\mathbb{Q}}

, let

k
~

/
k

{\tilde{k}/k}

be the maximal multiple

ℤ
p

{\mathbb{Z}_{p}}

-extension.
Let X be the Galois group of the maximal unramified abelian pro-p extension of

k
~

{\tilde{k}}

.
Then the completed group ring

Λ
=

ℤ
p

⁢

[

[

Gal
⁢

(

k
~

/
k

)

]

]

{\Lambda=\mathbb{Z}_{p}[[{\rm Gal}(\tilde{k}/k)]]}

of

Gal
⁢

(

k
~

/
k

)

{{\rm Gal}(\tilde{k}/k)}

with coefficients in

ℤ
p

{\mathbb{Z}_{p}}

acts on X, and it is conjectured by Greenberg that X is a pseudo-null Λ-module.
In the present article, we show that, if an odd prime number p splits completely in a CM-field k, then the above pseudo-nullity conjecture holds for the most elementary situation.
This result is a generalization of Itoh’s result.
Troglitazone suppresses glutamine metabolism through a PPAR-independent mechanism
Authors: Reynolds Miriam R. , Clem Brian F. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Enhanced glutamine metabolism is required for tumor cell growth and survival, which suggests that agents targeting glutaminolysis may have utility within anti-cancer therapies. Troglitazone, a PPARγ agonist, exhibits significant anti-tumor activity and can alter glutamine metabolism in multiple cell types. Therefore, we examined whether troglitazone would disrupt glutamine metabolism in tumor cells and whether its action was reliant on PPARγ activity. We found that troglitazone treatment suppressed glutamine uptake and the expression of the glutamine transporter, ASCT2, and glutaminase. In addition, troglitazone reduced 13C-glutamine incorporation into the TCA cycle, decreased [ATP], and resulted in an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS). Further, troglitazone treatment decreased tumor cell growth, which was partially rescued with the addition of the TCA-intermediate, α-ketoglutarate, or the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. Importantly, troglitazone’s effects on glutamine uptake or viable cell number were found to be PPARγ-independent. In contrast, troglitazone caused a decrease in c-Myc levels, while the proteasomal inhibitor, MG132, rescued c-Myc, ASCT2 and GLS1 expression, as well as glutamine uptake and cell number. Lastly, combinatorial treatment of troglitazone and metformin resulted in a synergistic decrease in cell number. Therefore, characterizing new anti-tumor properties of previously approved FDA therapies supports the potential for repurposing of these agents.
Cathepsin S: therapeutic, diagnostic, and prognostic potential
Authors: Wilkinson Richard D.A. , Williams Rich , Scott Christopher J. , Burden Roberta E. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Cathepsin S is a member of the cysteine cathepsin protease family. It is a lysosomal protease which can promote degradation of damaged or unwanted proteins in the endo-lysosomal pathway. Additionally, it has more specific roles such as MHC class II antigen presentation, where it is important in the degradation of the invariant chain. Unsurprisingly, mis-regulation has implicated cathepsin S in a variety of pathological processes including arthritis, cancer, and cardiovascular disease, where it becomes secreted and can act on extracellular substrates. In comparison to many other cysteine cathepsin family members, cathepsin S has uniquely restricted tissue expression and is more stable at a neutral pH, which supports its involvement and importance in localised disease microenvironments. In this review, we examine the known involvement of cathepsin S in disease, particularly with respect to recent work indicating its role in mediating pain, diabetes, and cystic fibrosis. We provide an overview of current literature with regards cathepsin S as a therapeutic target, as well as its role and potential as a predictive diagnostic and/or prognostic marker in these diseases.
Spoof surface plasmon polaritons supported by ultrathin corrugated metal strip and their applications
Authors: Gao Xi , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn this review, we present a brief introduction on the spoof surface plasmons supported on corrugated metallic plates with nearly zero thickness. We mainly focus on the propagation characteristics of spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), excitation of planar SPPs, and several plasmonic devices including the bending waveguide, Y-shaped beam splitter, frequency splitter, and filter. These devices are designed and fabricated with either planar or conformal plasmonic metamaterials, which are validated by both full-wave simulations and experiments, showing high performance. We also demonstrate that an ultrathin textured metallic disk can support multipolar spoof localized surface plasmons, either with straight or curved grooves, from which the Fano resonances are also observed.
Identity and impoliteness: The expert in the talent show Idol
Authors: Garcés-Conejos Blitvich Pilar , Bou-Franch Patricia , Lorenzo-Dus Nuria 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPremised on the belief that both identity construction and im/politeness assessments relate to norms associated with genre practices, the aim of this paper is to examine the interconnections between identity co-construction and impoliteness in a media genre: the talent show. This aim is innovative in so far as im/politeness has traditionally been related to the notion of face, rather than identity. Our study draws upon a corpus of 160 interactional sequences from the UK and US versions of the talent show Idol. All sequences in the data include music expert Simon Cowell, who has been singled out as playing the role of the malicious judge by both journalists and scholars. However, to our knowledge, no previous study has undertaken a micro-analysis of the linguistic resources deployed by Simon Cowell to construct his expert identity or has examined the role that impoliteness may play therein. This is what we set out to do in this paper. To that end, our analytic framework combines socio-constructivist approaches to identity construction (Anton and Peterson 2003; Joseph 2004; Bucholtz and Hall 2005; De Fina et al. 2006) with a recently revised, discursive approach to im/politeness, i.e., the genre approach (Garcés- Conejos Blitvich 2010, this issue).
“[She] said: ‘take the test’ and I took the test”. Relational work as a framework to approach directiveness in prenatal screening of Chinese clients in Hong Kong
Authors: Zayts Olga , Schnurr Stephanie 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn this paper we apply the framework of relational work, or the work individuals invest in maintaining their relationships (Locher and Watts 2005), to the analysis of prenatal screening (PS) for Down Syndrome of Chinese clients in Hong Kong. PS has traditionally followed a nondirective principle that calls for an unbiased presentation of information and women’s autonomous decision- making regarding testing. However, in Chinese contexts, healthcare providers appear extremely directive; and women, in turn, explicitly express their expectations of being led in decision-making (Zayts et al. 2013). These observations lend support to previous politeness studies of Chinese institutional contexts wherein hierarchical communication has been described as “listening-centered, asymmetrical and differential” (Gao and Ting-Toomey 1998: 48). More recent politeness studies, however, warn against such stereotyping at a cultural level (Eelen 2001; Mills 2003, 2004; Watts 2003). In this paper, rather than using culture as an a priori explanatory variable to account for the directive stance of the healthcare providers, we argue that using the framework of relational work enables researchers to focus on how meaning is created and negotiated at the micro-level of an interaction, and to move away from “grand generalizations” about culture specific behaviors and expectations.
The relevance of prosody and context to the interplay between intensity and politeness. An exploratory study on Italian
Authors: Gili Fivela Barbara , Bazzanella Carla 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe linguistic feature of intensity, lying “at the heart of social and emotional expression” (Labov 1984: 43), is significantly intertwined with politeness. In relation with intensity (that is, both upgrading and downgrading), the role of context and prosody in modifying and expressing politeness is discussed here in a pragmatic perspective. The complex interplay between intensity, politeness and prosody is explored with reference to several examples related to Italian, showing both the crucial role of prosody in conveying politeness and intensity and the relevance ofHowever, the overall effect of a speech act in terms of politeness is shown to be due to the variegated intertwinement between context, intensity and prosody, which is at play with or without other linguistic forms of politeness and accounts for the lack of a one-to-one correspondence between politeness and single utterance features.
The face of others: Triadic and dyadic interactions in Korea and the United States
Authors: Hatfield Hunter , Hahn Jee-Won 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The concept of group face has been used to explain facework thatrelates to members of in-groups. Hahn and Hatfield (2011) looked at situationsin which a family member of a Speaker commits a possible offense towards aHearer. They tested the prediction that collectivist Koreans would apologize forthe family member at a greater rate than individualist Americans who wouldbe focused upon individual face not group face. This prediction was not confirmedas the chance of an apology for the two groups was not significantlydifferent among the university students participating. Interpreting speaker responsesin such triadic interactions, however, was difficult because there wasno comparison point to classic dyadic interactions. Without this comparisonthe facework performed could be unrelated to group face. The current papercreates this comparison point by adapting the methods of Hahn and Hatfieldfor dyadic interaction. A Discourse Completion Task was given to 80 speakers.There was no significant difference in apology rates between the two countriesin either the triadic or dyadic studies, plus a complex interaction of each factorwith Gender. The results argue for the significance of face management of individualsand groups not in immediate interaction, which has implications forthe distinction of face and identity.
Kiitos and pliis: The relationship of native and borrowed politeness markers in Finnish
Authors: Peterson Elizabeth , Vaattovaara Johanna 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the use of the native Finnishpoliteness marker kiitos ‘thank you/please’ compared to the borrowed politenessmarker pliis (from English please). Pliis in Finnish is best characterized asa marked form which is mostly relegated to informal or spoken language. Thus,this stage of our study made use of a grammatical acceptability test to try toobserve social evaluation patterns. The test was presented as a web-based surveyconsisting of 12 grammatical acceptability questions and 6 demographicquestions. It was completed by 417 respondents from throughout Finland. Thehypothesis was that the function of kiitos could be changing grammatically andsemantically. However, the findings indicate that the use of kiitos is more orless unchanged, whereas the use of pliis is likely to be nativizing. The MANOVAanalyses indicate that pliis is associated (as a first order index) with young,urban women, and this is also the social group that is more likely to claim useof pliis. The most important finding of the study is that pliis and kiitos seem tobe complementary in their distribution; grammatically, pragmatically and interms of social distinctiveness. We claim that kiitos serves as a marker of negativepoliteness, whereas pliis serves as a marker of positive politeness.
Haftung wegen fehlerhafter Ad-hoc-Publizität – Die Tücken der Rückwärtsinduktion bei der Schadensberechnung in sechs Fallgruppen
Authors: Klöhn Lars , Rothermund Marius 
Published: April 2015

Zusammenfassung
Wenn Anleger aufgrund einer unterlassenen oder falschen Ad-hoc-Meldung Finanzinstrumente „zu teuer“ kaufen oder „zu billig“ verkaufen, können sie diesen Differenzschaden seit dem IKB-Urteil des BGH gem. §§ 37b, 37c WpHG von dem Emittenten ersetzt verlangen, ohne nachweisen zu müssen, dass sie konkret auf die Richtigkeit oder Vollständigkeit der Informationslage vertraut haben. Um den Differenzschaden zu berechnen, müssen Gerichte bestimmen, welchen Kurs das Finanzinstrument zum Zeitpunkt des Kaufs bzw. Verkaufs gehabt hätte, hätte der Emittent die Ad-hoc-Publizitätspflicht beachtet. Diesen hypothetischen Kurs ermittelt die ganz herrschende Meinung im Wege der Rückwärtsinduktion, wobei die Kursreaktion auf das Bekanntwerden der Wahrheit als Ausgangspunkt dient. Der folgende Beitrag stellt anhand von sechs Fallgruppen dar, wie fehleranfällig diese Rückwärtsinduktion ist. Er zeigt, wie diese Fehler vermieden werden können, und diskutiert alternative Methoden der Schadensberechnung, vor allem die in den Vereinigten Staaten vorgeschlagene Vorausschau-Methode (forward-casting method).