bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopic and robot‐assisted continent urinary diversions (Mitrofanoff and Yang‐Monti conduits) in a consecutive series of 15 adult patients: the Saint Augustin technique
Authors: Rey Denis , Helou Elie , Oderda Marco , Robbiani Jacopo , Lopez Laurent , Piechaud Pierre‐Thierry 
Published: May 2013

Objective
To present a series of 15 laparoscopic and robot‐assisted Mitrofanoff and Yang‐Monti vesicostomies in an adult population, and to assess the feasibility and safety of these minimally invasive approaches.
Patients and Methods
Between 2009 and 2012, 15 patients underwent laparoscopic (n = 11) or robot‐assisted (n = 4) construction of vesicostomy by a single surgeon (D.R.): Mitrofanoff appendicovesicostomy (n = 11) or double Yang‐Monti ileal conduit (n = 4). Fourteen patients underwent concomitant augmentation enterocystoplasty.
Indications for surgery included neurogenic bladder (n = 11) and urethral dysfunction (n = 4).
The patients were evaluated postoperatively using cystography. Quality of life (QoL) was evaluated using an internally developed questionnaire.
Results
All surgeries were successfully completed with no conversions. Operating time was always <5 h. The mean estimated blood loss was 150 mL and the mean follow‐up was 22 months.
Early postoperative complications included deep retrovesical abscess (n = 2) and upper urinary tract infections (n = 4), and one patient had peri‐operative cardiac failure.
Late postoperative complications included stomal stenosis (n = 2), persistent low‐pressure bladder incontinence (n = 1) and recurrent infections (n = 1). Surgical excision of the conduit was necessary in one patient.
Postoperatively, patients showed complete bladder emptying and no leak on follow‐up cystography. According to our QoL questionnaire, 13/15 patients did not regret the surgery.
Conclusions
While a longer follow‐up is needed to assess the durability of our results, this series shows that the laparoscopic and robot‐assisted approaches for the construction of continent urinary diversions are feasible and safe in an adult population.
Treaty federalism as a model of policy making: Comparing Canada and the European Union
Authors: Hueglin Thomas 
Published: May 2013

AbstractSystematic analyses of Canada and the EU as comparable federal systems have been neglected for a variety of methodological reasons. Most importantly, neither body fits the mould of the dominant model of the American federal state. A revised conceptual framework can show, however, that Canada and the EU both provide a similar institutional and procedural environment for policy making: powers are shared rather than divided; policy directions are determined by executive negotiation rather than parliamentary deliberation; unanimity takes precedence over majority rule; and inter‐regional competition is moderated by a commitment to equalization.
Comparing accountability relationships between governments and non‐state actors in Canadian and European international development policy
Authors: Millar Heather 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis article examines the alignment of different governance arrangements and alternative accountability mechanisms in international development policy making in Canada and the European Union (EU), with a particular focus on relationships between governments and non‐governmental organizations. The Canadian case illustrates an entrepreneurial mode of governance that aligns with fiscal auditing and performance management mechanisms, while the networked governance model of the EU relies more heavily on accountability instruments of public reporting and deliberation. The article concludes that the European accountability regime likely provides policy makers with more opportunities for social policy learning but would be difficult to implement in Canada given the underlying action logic of the federal government.
Comparing employment policy governance regimes in Canada and the European Union
Authors: Wood Donna E. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis article assesses the performance of Canada's employment policy governance regime post‐1996 by explicitly comparing Canadian approaches to those used in the European Union (EU) through the open method of coordination (OMC). It concludes that Canada has moved so far along the decentralization continuum — with 13 provincial systems as well as a federal‐only system in place — that coordination, coherence, mutual learning and information sharing on a pan‐Canadian basis have been lost. While EU OMC approaches hold promise, to be realized stakeholders would need to become more engaged in the policy domain and provinces, rather than the federal government, must take the initiative for enhanced coordination.
Walk it off: predictive power of appendicular characters toward inference of higher‐level relationships in Laniatores (Arachnida: Opiliones)
Authors: Gainett Guilherme , Sharma Prashant P. , Pinto‐da‐Rocha Ricardo , Giribet Gonzalo , Willemart Rodrigo H. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractMorphological characters are essential for establishing phylogenetic relationships, delimiting higher‐level taxa, and testing phylogenetic relationships inferred from molecular sequence data. In cases where relationships between large clades remain unresolved, it becomes imperative to establish which character systems are sound predictors of phylogenetic signal. In the case of Laniatores, the largest suborder of Opiliones, some superfamilial relationships remain unresolved or unsupported, and traditionally employed phenotypic characters are typically of utility only at the family level. Here we investigated a promising set of morphological characters that can be discretized and scored in all Opiliones: cuticular structures of the distal podomeres (metatarsi and tarsi). We intensively sampled members of all known families of Laniatores, and define here three new, discrete appendicular characters toward refinement of Laniatores superfamilial systematics: metatarsal paired slits (MPS; occurring in all Laniatores except Sandokanidae), proximal tarsomeric gland (PTG; in Icaleptidae, Fissiphalliidae, and Zalmoxidae), and tarsal aggregate pores (TAP; found in Gonyleptoidea, Epedanoidea, and Pyramidopidae). We conducted statistical tests on each character to characterize the strength of phylogenetic signal and assess character independence, based on alternative tree topologies of Laniatores. All three characters had high retention indices and bore significantly strong phylogenetic signal. Excepting one pairwise comparison, morphological characters did not evolve in a correlated manner, indicating that appendicular morphology does not constitute a single character system. Our results demonstrate the predictive power and utility of appendicular characters in Opiliones phylogeny, and proffer a promising source of diagnostic synapomorphies for delimiting superfamilies.
Effect of mineral oil on Potato virus Y acquisition by Rhopalosiphum padi
Authors: Boquel Sébastien , Giguère Marie‐Andrée , Clark Catherine , Nanayakkara Upeksha , Zhang Jianhua , Pelletier Yvan 
Published: May 2013

AbstractSeed potato crops are currently sprayed weekly with mineral oil to prevent transmission of the Potato virus Y (PVY; Potyviridae: Potyvirus), one of the most prevalent and important non‐persistent viruses affecting potato production. In spite of its wide usage as inhibitor of virus transmission, the mode of action for mineral oil is poorly known. The objective of this study was to quantify the effect of dosage and time from application of mineral oil on the inhibition of PVY acquisition. The bird cherry‐oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), known as vector of PVY, was used in all the experiments. The results indicated that mineral oil efficiently decreased PVY acquisition by 75 and 70% 1 day after application of 5 and 10 l ha−1, respectively. The inhibition effect decreased with time from application; mineral oil inhibits acquisition for less than 4 days at 5 l ha−1 and between 8 and 12 days at 10 l ha−1. As mineral oil was detected in the body of fewer aphids when they fed on plants 1 day after oil application, a change in the aphid probing behaviour on mineral oil‐treated plants was deduced. These results support the hypothesis that mineral oil physically inhibits the binding of the virus at the tip of the stylets.
A skeleton‐less sponge ofCaribbean mangroves: invasive or undescribed?
Authors: Alvizu A. , Díaz M.C. , Bastidas C. , Rützler K. , Thacker R.W. , Márquez L.M. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractRecent surveys of sponges occurring on Caribbean mangrove roots demonstrated the presence of a skeleton‐less sponge of the genusHalisarca,very similar in its morphology to the temperateH. dujardinii. This study evaluated the possibility that the mangrove sponge was actuallyH. dujardiniithat had been introduced into the Caribbean mangroves. Detailed histology revealed differences between the mangrove sponge andH. dujardiniiin cuticle thickness, and in characteristics of the choanocytes, spherulous, and granular cells. Also, phylogenetic reconstruction and genetic distance estimates based on cytochrome oxidase I gene sequences clearly differentiated the mangroveHalisarcasp. fromH. dujardinii. Therefore, we rejected the hypothesis of the invasion ofH. dujardinii, recognizing instead the mangroveHalisarcasp. as a new species and naming itH. restingaensissp. nov. Estimated levels of genetic variation in the ribosomal internal transcribed spacers indicated that populations ofH. restingaensissp. nov. are highly differentiated between Venezuela and Panama (Fst=0.71). This level of population differentiation is consistent with the short larval competence period that is common in members of the genusHalisarca.
Increased Preoperative Serum Apoptosis Marker Fas Ligand Correlates With Histopathology and New‐Onset of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients After Cardiac Surgery
Authors: MÜLLER PATRICK , DENEKE THOMAS , SCHIEDAT FABIAN , BÖSCHE LEIF , STRAUCH JUSTUS , DIETRICH JOHANNES WOLFGANG , VOGT MARKUS , TANNAPFEL ANDREA , STIEGLER HUGO , MÜGGE ANDREAS , EWERS AYDAN 
Published: May 2013

Increased Preoperative Serum ApoptosisBackgroundWe evaluated if preoperative serum apoptosis markers correlate with atrial histological remodeling and postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) after cardiac surgery.Methods and ResultsA total of 33 patients with sinus rhythm (SR) and without history of atrial fibrillation (AF) undergoing cardiac surgery were prospectively enrolled. Serum concentrations of Fas (apoptosis‐stimulating fragment ligand) and TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand) were measured preoperatively. Right atrial appendage (RAA) tissue was obtained during surgery. Atrial apoptosis was assessed via TUNEL assay and degree of atrial fibrosis was categorized histologically by visual quantification. Continuous ECG‐Monitoring was used to screen for POAF throughout 10 days after cardiac surgery. POAF occurred in 15 patients (45%). Atrial apoptosis was higher in patients with POAF as compared to those without (35.9 ± 9.8% vs 14.5 ± 7.5%; P < 0.0001) and correlated with the degree of atrial fibrosis (r = 0.69; P < 0.0001). In contrast to TRAIL (87.0 ± 8.2 pg/mL vs 83.3 ± 9.4 pg/mL; P = 0.77), preoperative Fas serum concentration was significantly higher in patients with POAF compared to patients in stable SR (91.3 ± 7.2 pg/mL vs 66.7 ± 3.0 pg/mL; P < 0.01). Serum Fas concentration correlated with the degree of atrial apoptosis (r = 0.63; P < 0.001) and the degree of atrial fibrosis (r = 0.39; P < 0.05).ConclusionPreoperative evaluation of serum apoptosis marker Fas is useful to identify patients at risk for POAF undergoing cardiac surgery. Fas but not TRAIL correlates with the documented degree of atrial apoptosis and atrial fibrosis in RAA tissue. Further studies need to identify the prospective role of Fas in predicting POAF events.
Diagnosing Autism Spectrum Disorder: who will get a DSM‐5 diagnosis?
Authors: G. Kent Rachel , J. Carrington Sarah , Le Couteur Ann , Gould Judith , Wing Lorna , Maljaars Jarymke , Noens Ilse , van Berckelaer‐Onnes Ina , R. Leekam Susan 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundIntroduction of proposed criteria for DSM‐5 Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has raised concerns that some individuals currently meeting diagnostic criteria for Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD; DSM‐IV‐TR/ICD‐10) will not qualify for a diagnosis under the proposed changes. To date, reports of sensitivity and specificity of the new criteria have been inconsistent across studies. No study has yet considered how changes at the ‘sub domain’ level might affect overall sensitivity and specificity, and few have included individuals of different ages and ability levels.MethodsA set of DSM‐5 ASD algorithms were developed using items from the Diagnostic Interview for Social and Communication Disorders (DISCO). The number of items required for each DSM‐5 subdomain was defined either according to criteria specified by DSM‐5 (Initial Algorithm), a statistical approach (Youden J Algorithm), or to minimise the number of false positives while maximising sensitivity (Modified Algorithm). The algorithms were designed, tested and compared in two independent samples (Sample 1, N = 82; Sample 2, N = 115), while sensitivity was assessed across age and ability levels in an additional dataset of individuals with an ICD‐10 PDD diagnosis (Sample 3, N = 190).ResultsSensitivity was highest in the Initial Algorithm, which had the poorest specificity. Although Youden J had excellent specificity, sensitivity was significantly lower than in the Modified Algorithm, which had both good sensitivity and specificity. Relaxing the domain A rules improved sensitivity of the Youden J Algorithm, but it remained less sensitive than the Modified Algorithm. Moreover, this was the only algorithm with variable sensitivity across age. All versions of the algorithm performed well across ability level.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that good levels of both sensitivity and specificity can be achieved for a diagnostic algorithm adhering to the DSM‐5 criteria that is suitable across age and ability level.
The role of personality in aggressive behaviour among individuals with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Chaïb L. S. , Crocker A. G. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundAggressive behaviour is associated with certain personality traits in both the general population and among individuals with mental health problems, but little attention has been paid to the relationship between aggressive behaviour and personality among individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID). The aim of this study was to circumscribe personality profiles associated with aggressive behaviour among individuals withID.MethodIn this cross‐sectional study of 296 adults with mild or moderateID, information on mental health, personality and aggressive behaviour was gathered through structured interviews with theIDparticipants and their case manager, and a review of client files.ResultsThe results of theReissProfile were submitted to hierarchical cluster analysis method. Subsequently, the distribution of aggressive behaviour, sociodemographic characteristics and clinical characteristics across personality profiles was analysed. The analyses yielded seven distinct personality profiles in relation to patterns of aggressive behaviour:Pacifists,Socials,Confidents,Altruists,Conformists,Emotionals andAsocials.ConclusionThe identification of distinct personality profiles sheds light on the risk factors for aggressive behaviour, and suggests new approaches to improving diagnostic and intervention strategies.
Emerging Understanding of Roles for Arterioles in Inflammation
Authors: Sumagin Ronen , Sarelius Ingrid H. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractArterioles, capillaries, and venules all actively change their cellular functions and phenotypes during inflammation in ways that are essential for maintenance of homeostasis and self‐defense, and are also associated with many inflammatory disorders. ECs, together with pericytes and ECM proteins, can regulate blood flow, the coagulation cascade, fluid and solute exchange, and leukocyte trafficking. While capillary and venular functions in inflammation are well characterized, the arteriolar contribution to inflammation has only recently come into focus. Arterioles differ from venules in structure, EC morphology, shear environment, expression, and distribution of surface ligands; hence, regulation and function of arteriolar wall cells during inflammation may also be distinct from venules. Recent work indicates that in response to proinflammatory stimuli, arterioles alter barrier function, and support leukocyte and platelet interactions through upregulation of adhesion molecules. This suggests that in addition to their role in blood flow regulation, arterioles may also participate in inflammatory responses. In this review, we will discuss mechanisms that characterize arteriolar responses to proinflammatory stimuli. We will detail how distinct arteriolar features contribute to regulation of barrier function and leukocyte–EC interactions in inflammation, and further highlight the potential priming effects of arteriolar responses on venular function and progression of inflammatory responses.
Multiple Realizability, Constraints, and Identity
Authors: Bauer Mark 
Published: May 2013

AbstractShapiro has suggested that the empirical plausibility of the multiple realizability of human‐like minds is dubious, because a contrary thesis, theMentalConstraintThesis, enjoys positive empirical evidence. TheMentalConstraintThesis states that, given the actual physical laws, there is only one way to realize a human‐like mind. I will suggest, however, that theMentalConstraintThesis is not a contrary to the empirical multiple realizability thesis relevant to psychological reduction or autonomy and, as a consequence, has no bearing on those classificatory issues.
Cross‐country transfer between two children's hospitals of a child using ambulatory extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for bridge to lung transplant
Authors: Hayes Don , Galantowicz Mark , Preston Thomas J. , Tellez David , McConnell Patrick I. , Yates Andrew R. , Dalton Heidi J. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWith a limited number of pediatric lung transplant programs, the transfer of patients will be required for appropriate candidates. Pediatric patients have been successfully transferred using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) with no previous reports using ambulatory single‐site venovenous (VV) ECMO via a bicaval dual‐lumen (BCDL) catheter as a method for transport to a lung transplant center in order to bridge to lung transplantation. Therefore, we present the successful transfer of a 13‐yr‐old female on ambulatory VV ECMO between two free‐standing children's hospitals and then bridged to bilateral lung transplantation.
Temporal Uncertainty in a Small Area Open Geodemographic Classification
Authors: Gale Christopher G. , Longley Paul A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe 2001 Output Area Classification (2001 OAC) is an open source geodemographic classification of the UK built exclusively from 2001 UK Census data. There has been considerable user interest in its applicability to subsequent time periods, particularly given the potential propensity of characteristics and attributes in some areas to change during inter‐censual periods. Users often purchase commercial geodemographic classification products in the belief that purely census‐based classifications such as the 2001 OAC are uniformly unreliable because there is no temporal updating of input data. Yet there is evidence to suggest that whilst some UK neighborhoods are prone to sudden changes, many others change very little over protracted time periods. Using measures that are available at the small area level, temporal uncertainty indicators can be constructed to identify those areas that are less stable. Using mid‐year population estimates and dwelling stock data, this article develops three temporal uncertainty indicators. These provide a reliable means of gauging the stability or otherwise of neighborhood conditions. The conclusion from this is that while a large number of small areas in the UK do experience change over time, this change is not uniform in either degree or distribution, or by geodemographic type.
Cognitive Biases, Linguistic Universals, and Constraint‐Based Grammar Learning
Authors: Culbertson Jennifer , Smolensky Paul , Wilson Colin 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAccording to classical arguments, language learning is both facilitated and constrained by cognitive biases. These biases are reflected in linguistic typology—the distribution of linguistic patterns across the world's languages—and can be probed with artificial grammar experiments on child and adult learners. Beginning with a widely successful approach to typology (Optimality Theory), and adapting techniques from computational approaches to statistical learning, we develop a Bayesian model of cognitive biases and show that it accounts for the detailed pattern of results of artificial grammar experiments on noun‐phrase word order (Culbertson, Smolensky, & Legendre, 2012). Our proposal has several novel properties that distinguish it from prior work in the domains of linguistic theory, computational cognitive science, and machine learning. This study illustrates how ideas from these domains can be synthesized into a model of language learning in which biases range in strength from hard (absolute) to soft (statistical), and in which language‐specific and domain‐general biases combine to account for data from the macro‐level scale of typological distribution to the micro‐level scale of learning by individuals.
Evaluation of an ethidium monoazide–enhanced 16S rDNA real‐time polymerase chain reaction assay for bacterial screening of platelet concentrates and comparison with automated culture
Authors: Garson Jeremy A. , Patel Poorvi , McDonald Carl , Ball Joanne , Rosenberg Gillian , Tettmar Kate I. , Brailsford Susan R. , Pitt Tyrone , Tedder Richard S. 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundCulture‐based systems are currently the preferred means for bacterial screening of platelet (PLT) concentrates. Alternative bacterial detection techniques based on nucleic acid amplification have also been developed but these have yet to be fully evaluated. In this study we evaluate a novel 16S rDNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay and compare its performance with automated culture.Study Design and MethodsA total of 2050 time‐expired, 176 fresh, and 400 initial‐reactive PLT packs were tested by real‐time PCR using broadly reactive 16S primers and a “universal” probe (TaqMan, Invitrogen). PLTs were also tested using a microbial detection system (BacT/ALERT, bioMérieux) under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.ResultsSeven of 2050 (0.34%) time‐expired PLTs were found repeat reactive by PCR on the initial nucleic acid extract but none of these was confirmed positive on testing frozen second aliquots. BacT/ALERT testing also failed to confirm any time‐expired PLTs positive on repeat testing, although 0.24% were reactive on the first test. Three of the 400 “initial‐reactive” PLT packs were found by both PCR and BacT/ALERT to be contaminated (Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Streptococcus vestibularis identified) and 14 additional packs were confirmed positive by BacT/ALERT only. In 13 of these cases the contaminating organisms were identified as anaerobic skin or oral commensals and the remaining pack was contaminated with Streptococcus pneumoniae.ConclusionThese results demonstrate that the 16S PCR assay is less sensitive than BacT/ALERT and inappropriate for early testing of concentrates. However, rapid PCR assays such as this may be suitable for a strategy of late or prerelease testing.