bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thrombus in transit associated with fatal pulmonary thromboembolism in an elderly Ethiopian man following a surgical procedure: A case report
Authors: Ahmed Mohammed , Solela Gashaw 
Published: August 2024

Key Clinical MessageEarly detection, timely management, and exploration of alternative treatment options are crucial for patients with high‐risk pulmonary thromboembolism, particularly those with thrombus in transit. Furthermore, prophylactic measures against thromboembolic events should be highly considered for patients with predisposing conditions for venous thromboembolism, including surgical procedures.AbstractA thrombus in transit refers to a thrombus that is temporarily lodged in the right‐side chambers of the heart with a high risk of embolization to the pulmonary artery. A 75‐year‐old man presented to the emergency department with a sudden onset of retrosternal chest pain for an hour associated with shortness of breath, which developed a week after transurethral resection of the prostate was done for the indication of benign prostatic hyperplasia. The physical examination was remarkable for tachycardia, tachypnea, hypoxia, and raised jugular venous pressure. Echocardiography revealed a serpiginous echogenic density in the right atrium, protruding through the tricuspid valve and extending to the right ventricle. He was put on facemask oxygen, and he received anticoagulation with unfractionated heparin, followed by thrombolytic therapy with streptokinase. However, the patient experienced cardiac arrest during the administration of thrombolytic therapy, and he died despite all the efforts, most likely due to a massive pulmonary thromboembolism resulting from the thrombus in transit. This case report has brought attention to the rare occurrence of a thrombus in transit complicated by fatal pulmonary thromboembolism. It has also highlighted the significant mortality risk that this condition carries, even with thrombolytic therapy.
The Solid‐State Multi‐Color Fluorescence Switching from a [2.2]Paracyclophane‐Based Triarylborane
Authors: Guo Lian‐Feng , Wang Min , Zhao Cui‐Hua 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe fluorophores, the fluorescence of which can be switched between multi bright colors in the solid state, show promising applications not only in the sophisticated multicolor display but also in the advanced encryption and anti‐counterfeiting systems. However, it is very challenging to obtain such fluorophores. Herein, we disclose such an example, g‐BPhANMe2‐Cp, which contains an electron‐donating dimethylamino (NMe2) and an electron‐accepting [(2‐dimesitylboryl)phenyl]acetyl at the pseudo‐gem position of [2.2]paracyclophane skeleton. This molecule can display tricolor mechanochromic luminescence (MCL) due to the different responses of the mechanically ground amorphous state to heating and solvent‐fuming. Owing to the absence of intermolecular π‐π interactions in the solid state, the fluorescence efficiency is very high irrespective of its morphological state (ΦF=0.60–0.87). Moreover, this molecule also displays reversible acidochromic luminescence (ACL) by protonation and deprotonation of NMe2 with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and triethylamine (TEA), respectively. The protonated sample fluoresces (ΦF=0.31) at much shorter wavelength due to the interruption of intramolecular charge transfer process. Therefore, with the combination of tricolor MCL and ACL properties, the solid‐state emission of g‐BPhANMe2‐Cp can be switched among four bright fluorescence colors of yellow, green, cyan and blue via treatment with appropriate stimulus.
Synthesis of Three‐Dimensional Chiral Covalent Organic Frameworks Using Surfactant as Inducer in Water
Authors: Huang Meiying , Zhou Zhipeng , Dong Xin , Li Yuyao , Yang Yonghang , Zhan Changye , Lu Jiaxing , Wei Xiaoshu , Hong Yuexian , Cheng Weiqi , Liu Wei , Yuan Zhongke , Chen Xudong , Zheng Zhikun 
Published: August 2024

Comprehensive SummaryChiral covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have shown promising applications in asymmetric catalysis, enantiomer separation and chiral recognition due to their tunable structures and permanent porosity. Currently, synthesis of chiral COFs mainly relies on direct‐ synthesis method which requires asymmetric monomers to polymerize and crystallize with symmetric monomers and post‐synthesis method which has been greatly limited to having complete reactions with the micro‐/meso‐sized pores of COFs. Recently, the synthesis of two‐dimensional COFs by covalent replacement of chiral competitor has been reported. Herein, we present the synthesis of three types of 3D COFs with tunable chirality using chiral amino acid derivative surfactant as inducer in water under ambient conditions. The hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions between amino acid derivative surfactant and monomers as well as their precursors facilitate the transfer of the chirality.
IBSP Promotes Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis and Proliferation via BMP‐SMAD Signaling Pathway
Authors: Ding Wei , Lv Di , Wang Mengshen , Pei Dongsheng 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundIntegrin‐Binding Sialoprotein (IBSP) has been implicated in tumor progression across various cancers. However, the specific role of IBSP in breast cancer remains underexplored. There is a need to investigate the mechanisms by which IBSP influences breast cancer progression and its potential as a therapeutic target.AimsThis study aims to elucidate the role of IBSP in breast cancer, particularly its impact on tumor progression and its relationship with prognosis. We also seek to understand the underlying mechanisms, including the involvement of the BMP‐SMAD signaling pathway, and to explore the potential of targeting IBSP for therapeutic interventions.Methods and ResultsOverexpression of IBSP in breast cancer cells led to increased migration and invasion, whereas IBSP interference reduced these behaviors, indicating its role in enhancing tumor progression. Differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in the BMP‐SMAD signaling pathway, a critical pathway for osteogenic differentiation. Transcription Factor Binding: Dual luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that SMAD4 specifically binds to the IBSP promoter, establishing a regulatory link between SMAD4 and IBSP expression. Silencing IBSP (si‐IBSP) mitigated the effects of SMAD4‐induced tumor proliferation, confirming that IBSP acts as a downstream target of SMAD4 in the BMP signaling pathway.ConclusionOur study reveals that IBSP plays a significant role in breast cancer progression through the BMP‐SMAD4 signaling pathway. Targeting IBSP could be a promising therapeutic strategy for breast cancer treatment. Further research into IBSP inhibitors may offer new avenues for improving treatment outcomes and managing breast cancer more effectively.
Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of a Muscarinic M3 Receptor‐Positive Allosteric Modulator ASP8302 Following Single and Multiple Ascending Oral Doses in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Takusagawa Shin , Treijtel Nicoline , Saito Masako , Michon Ingrid , Miyatake Daisuke , Osaki Fumio , Guro Sayuri , Fadini Tomasso , Sekino Hisakuni , Aarden‐Bakker Marlous , Kuroishi Kentaro , van Till Jan Willem Olivier , Groenendaal‐van de Meent Dorien , de Vries Michiel 
Published: August 2024

AbstractASP8302 is an orally administered positive allosteric modulator of the muscarinic M3 receptor. Two Phase 1 studies were conducted, a first‐in‐human study in Europe and a Japanese phase 1 study. Both were randomized, participant‐ and investigator‐blinded, placebo‐controlled, single and multiple ascending oral doses, parallel group, clinical studies in healthy volunteers. Both studies evaluated safety and pharmacokinetics and also included salivary secretion and pupil diameter as pharmacodynamic assessments. There were no deaths, serious adverse events, or treatment‐emergent adverse events reported leading to study discontinuation. There were no clinically relevant findings in any of the laboratory, vital signs, electrocardiogram assessments, or photosensitivity testing following multiple administration of up to 150 mg or up to 140 mg once daily for 14 days in the European first‐in‐human and Japanese Phase 1 study, respectively. The pharmacokinetics of ASP8302 were approximately linear over the dose range studied. There was no evidence of drug accumulation upon repeated dosing. In both studies, ASP8302 showed a dose‐dependent pharmacodynamic effect on saliva production at doses from 100 mg onward, which was maintained during repeated dosing. No effect was observed on pupil diameter. These data supported progression of ASP8302 into Phase 2 clinical trials for further clinical development.
In Silico Design, Chemical Synthesis, Biophysical and in Vitro Evaluation for the Identification of 1‐Ethyl‐1H‐Pyrazolo[3,4‐b]Pyridine‐Based BRD9 Binders
Authors: Colarusso Ester , Gazzillo Erica , Pierri Martina , Ruggiero Dafne , Chini Maria Giovanna , Bruno Ines , Bifulco Giuseppe , Terracciano Stefania , Lauro Gianluigi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this work, we report the identification of novel bromodomain‐containing protein 9 (BRD9) binders through a virtual screening based on our developed 3D structure‐based pharmacophore model. The in silico workflow here described led to the identification of a promising initial hit (1) featuring the 1‐ethyl‐1H‐pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridine motif which represented an unexplored chemotype for the development of a new class of BRD9 ligands. The encouraging biophysical results achieved for compound 1 prompted us to explore further tailored structural modification around the C‐4 and C‐6 positions of the central core. Hence, the design and synthesis of a set of 19 derivatives (2–20) were performed to extensively investigate the chemical space of BRD9 binding site. Among them, four compounds (5, 11, 12, and 19) stood out in biophysical assays as new valuable BRD9 ligands featuring IC50 values in the low‐micromolar range. Noteworthy, a promising antiproliferative activity was detected in vitro for compound 5 on HeLa and A375 cancer cell line. The successful combination and application of in silico tools, chemical synthesis, and biological assays allowed to identify novel BRD9 binders and to expand the arsenal of promising chemical entities amenable to the recognition of this important epigenetic target.
Recycling Valuable Phenol from Polycarbonate Plastic Waste Via Direct Depolymerization and Csp2−Csp3 Bond Cleavage Under Mild Conditions
Authors: Manal Arjun K. , Rajendra Kanchan Dipika , Banerjee Arghya , Zhao Jun , Srivastava Rajendra 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUpcycling plastic waste into commodity chemicals is recognized as an environmentally benign solution and beneficial for the sustained growth of humanity. Nevertheless, transition metal‐free catalysts and energy‐efficient conditions pose significant challenges due to the robust mechanical properties of plastics. Here, a strategy for selective production of phenol by upcycling polycarbonate waste via direct depolymerization and Csp2−Csp3 bond cleavage in an aqueous medium under mild conditions is reported. The commercial zeolites efficiently catalyze the depolymerization, Csp2−Csp3 bond hydrolysis, and direct Csp2−Csp3 bond scission at Cα of PC. Among all evaluated zeolites, HY (Si/Al=15) showed excellent catalytic performance, attributed to the ~75 % yield of phenol and ~15 % of acetone. The approach also employs different municipal waste PC for upcycling. Studies reveal that HY (15) exhibits high catalytic efficiency and phenol yield due to its optimum acid sites and textual properties. A scale‐up experiment demonstrated that 3.1 g of phenol was produced from 5.0 g of PC, and the mass balance was 90 %. A combination of control experiments, NMR analysis, and DFT studies proposed the reaction pathway. Our findings present a sustainable avenue for upcycling PC waste and offer a new way to produce phenol, contributing to the advancement of a circular economy.
Circulating sphingolipids in relation to cognitive decline and incident dementia: The Cardiovascular Health Study
Authors: Moseholm Kristine F. , Cronjé Héléne T. , Koch Manja , Fitzpatrick Annette L. , Lopez Oscar L. , Otto Marcia C. de Oliveira , Longstreth W. T. , Hoofnagle Andrew N. , Mukamal Kenneth J. , Lemaitre Rozenn N. , Jensen Majken K. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONWhether circulating levels of sphingolipids are prospectively associated with cognitive decline and dementia risk is uncertain.METHODSWe measured 14 sphingolipid species in plasma samples from 4488 participants (mean age 76.2 years; 40% male; and 25% apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele carriers). Cognitive decline was assessed annually across 6 years using modified Mini–Mental State Examination (3MSE) and Digital Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Additionally, a subset of 3050 participants were followed for clinically adjudicated dementia.RESULTSHigher plasma levels of sphingomyelin‐d18:1/16:0 (SM‐16) were associated with a faster cognitive decline measured with 3MSE, in contrast, higher levels of sphingomyelin‐d18:1/22:0 (SM‐22) were associated with slower decline in cognition measured with DSST. In Cox regression, higher levels of SM‐16 (hazard ration [HR] = 1.24 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08–1.44]) and ceramide‐d18:1/16:0 (Cer‐16) (HR = 1.26 [95% CI: 1.10–1.45]) were associated with higher risk of incident dementia.DISCUSSIONSeveral sphingolipid species appear to be involved in cognitive decline and dementia risk.Highlights
Plasma levels of sphingolipids were associated with cognitive decline and dementia risk.
Ceramides and sphingomyelins with palmitic acid were associated with faster annual cognitive decline and increased risk of dementia.
The direction of association depended on the covalently bound saturated fatty acid chain length in analysis of cognitive decline.
Anti‐seasonal flooding drives substantial alterations in riparian plant diversity and niche characteristics in a unique hydro‐fluctuation zone
Authors: Liu Ye , Duan Xiaodie , Li Xiaoling , Yi Wenxiong , Chen Gong , Yang Jin , Deng Danli , Guo Xiaojuan , Yang Zhengjian , Huang Guiyun , Hu Meixiang , Ye Chen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHuman‐induced disturbances such as dam construction and regulation have led to widespread alterations in hydrological processes and thus substantially influence plant characteristics in the hydro‐fluctuation zones (HFZs). To reveal utilization of limited resources and mechanisms of inter‐specific competition and species co‐existence of plant communities based on niche breadth and overlap under the different HFZs of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) in China, we conducted a field investigation with 368 quadrats on the effects of hydrological alterations on plant diversity and niche characteristics. The results showed anti‐seasonal flooding precipitated the gradual disappearance of the original diverse niches, resulting in the reduction of plant species richness and functional diversity and more obvious competition among plant species with similar resource requirements. Annuals, perennials and shrubs accounted for 71.23%, 27.39% and 1.37%, respectively, suggesting that annuals and flood‐tolerant riparian herbs were favored under such novel flooding conditions. A consistent increase in species number, Shannon‐Wiener diversity index and Simpson dominance index with altitude was inconsistent with hump‐shaped diversity–disturbance relationship of the intermediate disturbance hypothesis, while the opposite trend was observed for the Pielou evenness index. This species distribution pattern might be caused by several synergetic attributes (e.g., the submergence depth, plant tolerant capacity to flooding, life form, dispersal mode and inter‐specific competition). Vegetation types shifted from xerophytes to mesophytes and eventually to hygrophytes with the increasing flooding time in the HFZs. Hydrological alterations proved to be the paramount driver of vegetation distribution in the different HFZs. The niche analysis provided the first insights on the mechanisms of resource utilization and inter‐specific competition, of which annuals could germinate quickly after soil drainage to achieve the greatest competitive advantages and occupy a larger niche space than other plants. Vegetation was still in the early stage of primary succession in the novel riparian forests. Therefore, vegetation restoration strategies should be biased towards herbaceous plants, due to annuals with better environmental adaptability, supplemented by shrubs and small trees. To establish a complete reference system for vegetation restoration, natural vegetation monitory plots in the different succession stages should be established in the different HFZs of the TGR, and their environmental conditions, community structures and inter‐specific relationships further analyzed.
Identification of metacommunities in bioregions with historical habitat networks
Authors: Harisena Nivedita Varma , Grêt‐Regamey Adrienne , Van Strien Maarten J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAlthough metacommunity theory provides many useful insights for conservation planning, the transfer of this knowledge to practice is hampered due to the difficulty of identifying metacommunities in bioregions. This study aims to identify the spatial extent of metacommunities at bioregional scales using current and historical habitat data, especially because contemporary biodiversity patterns may be a result of time‐lagged responses to historical habitat configurations. Further, this estimation of the metacommunity spatial extent is based on both the habitat structure and the dispersal ability of the species. Focusing on dragonfly and damselfly (odonate) species in the eastern Swiss Plateau, the research uses wetland habitat information spanning over 110 years to create a time series of nine habitat networks between 1899 and 2010. From these networks, we identified the spatial extents of metacommunities based on the year of habitat information as well as on watershed boundaries. To identify the best metacommunity spatial extents, the study investigates whether patch pairs within a metacommunity exhibit greater similarity in species composition (i.e. lower beta‐diversity) than patch pairs between metacommunities. For the different metacommunities, we further investigated correlations between gamma diversity and metacommunity size and compare them to theoretical expectations. In both analyses we found that augmenting spatial metacommunity identification with historical geographical proximity results in stronger associations with biodiversity patterns (beta and gamma diversity) than when using only current‐day habitat or watershed information.
Species assemblages and their drivers differ between trees and lianas in a seasonal evergreen forest in Thailand
Authors: Chanthorn Wirong , Wiegand Thorsten , Nathalang Anuttara , Kanagaraj Rajapandian , Davies Stuart , Sun Zhenhua , Tripathi Nitin K. , Réjou‐Méchain Maxime , Brockelman Warren Y. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDespite a long tradition in ecology of studying tree species assembly and its potential drivers in tropical forest communities, little information exists with respect to lianas (woody climbers), the second most abundant life form of woody plants in tropical forests. Lianas influence forest diversity and stability and provide critical resources for forest fauna. Using a unique dataset of a 30‐ha plot in Thailand, where tree and liana individuals were fully mapped, we investigated the degree to which local species assemblages of trees and lianas of different size classes (i.e., seedlings, established individuals, and large individuals) are related to local environmental conditions. We asked (1) What are the spatial patterns and environmental drivers of local tree and liana species assemblages? (2) How do such patterns and drivers differ among size classes? (3) Which species associate with these assemblages? Local assemblages of established trees showed substantial structuring by environmental variables, whereas we found only weakly structured assemblages of tree seedlings, large trees, and lianas of all size classes. Our results indicated that the biotic and abiotic drivers of local species assemblages differed strongly between tree and liana communities and across size classes. Species assemblages of trees were mainly driven by soil nutrients, leading to patchy assemblages associated with high base saturation (Alfisols) and assemblages associated with lower levels of base saturation and higher aluminum (Ultisols), whereas tree seedling assemblages were only weakly structured by riparian zones. In contrast, species assemblages of established and large lianas were primarily associated with forest canopy structure, separating low‐canopy forests from high‐canopy forests, whereas soil nutrients were the only factors associated with liana seedling assemblages. The weak environmental structuring of tree seedlings and large trees suggests that other mechanisms, such as stochastic disturbances, competition for space, or animal seed dispersal, may play an important role in structuring tree communities in this seasonal tropical forest. The weak patterns observed in liana communities across all life stages raise questions about the underlying mechanisms of liana community assembly, and further research should focus on liana niches, their dispersal mechanisms, and host tree relations.
Graphene‐derived microwave metamaterials and meta‐devices: Emerging applications and properties
Authors: Shao Linda , Zhu Weiren 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGraphene, a two‐dimensional material renowned for its distinctive electronic band structure and remarkable physical properties, has garnered substantial attention in recent years. Its integration into metamaterials (i.e., artificially structured materials) and metamaterial‐based devices opens up exciting possibilities for manipulating electromagnetic waves with various functionalities. These metamaterials and meta‐devices, with their strong resonances, enhance interactions with incident waves, further aided by electrically tunable graphene, enabling fruitful modulation of electromagnetic waves. In this review, we present a detailed exploration of the recent advancements in graphene‐based microwave meta‐devices. We first introduce the electromagnetic properties of graphene, laying the foundation for its electromagnetic modeling and characterization. The second part introduces the fabrication and transfer methods of graphene. Next, we review the passive meta‐devices constructed with graphene, exploring how these devices leverage graphene's unique properties. We further discuss graphene‐based active meta‐devices for dynamic wave manipulations, with a focus on graphene–electrolyte–graphene sandwich structures. Lastly, the review delves into graphene‐based coding and programmable meta‐devices, highlighting their innovative applications. Each section provides a focused exploration of a specific aspect of the field, showcasing the diverse and expanding role of graphene in the microwave region. Through this comprehensive review, we aim to enrich our understanding and appreciation for the growing developments and potential of graphene in microwave technology.