bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High levels of unprotected anal intercourse and never testing for HIV among men who have sex with men in Nigeria: evidence from a cross-sectional survey for the need for innovative approaches to HIV prevention
Authors: Vu Lung , Andrinopoulos Katherine , Tun Waimar , Adebajo Sylvia 
Published: July 2013

ObjectivesTo describe sexual risk behaviour, correlates of unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) and never testing for HIV and its implications for HIV prevention interventions among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Nigeria and other similar contexts.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was administered to 712 MSM in Abuja, Ibadan and Lagos, recruited through respondent-driven sampling (RDS). Levels of sexual risk behaviour and never having tested for HIV prior to the survey were calculated using weighted data for each city and unweighted data for the pooled sample. Correlates of UAI and never testing for HIV were determined using multiple logistic regression.ResultsThe risk for HIV and STI among MSM in Nigeria is high, with 43.4% reporting UAI at last sex, 45.1% never having been tested for HIV and 53.9% reporting exchange of sex for resources in the past 6 months. Correlates of UAI in multivariate analysis included living in Ibadan, marriage or cohabitation with a woman, identification as bisexual, not having tested for HIV and being HIV-positive. Correlates of not having tested for HIV in multivariate analysis included living in Ibadan, young age, less education, unemployment and report of UAI.ConclusionsHIV testing is low and associated with UAI. Findings merit targeted and innovative approaches for HIV prevention for MSM, especially access to HIV self-testing. Attention to social and structural determinants of health-seeking and sexual risk behaviour is also needed, including the criminalisation of homosexuality and social marginalisation of MSM.
ENHANCEMENT OF SCREEN FILM MAMMOGRAM UP TO A LEVEL OF DIGITAL MAMMOGRAM: EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS
Authors: BHALE APARNA NARENDRA , JOSHI MANISH RATNAKAR 
Published: July 2013

Breast cancer is one of the major causes of death among women. If a cancer can be detected early, the options of treatment and the chances of total recovery will increase. From a woman's point of view, the procedure practiced (compression of breasts to record an image) to obtain a digital mammogram (DM) is exactly the same that is used to obtain a screen film mammogram (SFM). The quality of DM is undoubtedly better than SFM. However, obtaining DM is costlier and very few institutions can afford DM machines. According to the National Cancer Institute 92% of breast imaging centers in India do not have digital mammography machines and they depend on the conventional SFM. Hence in this context, one should answer "Can SFM be enhanced up to a level of DM?" In this paper, we discuss our experimental analysis in this regard. We applied elementary image enhancement techniques to obtain enhanced SFM. We performed the quality analysis of DM and enhanced SFM using standard metrics like PSNR and RMSE on more than 350 mammograms. We also used mean opinion score (MOS) analysis to evaluate enhanced SFMs. The results showed that the clarity of processed SFM is as good as DM. Furthermore, we analyzed the extent of radiation exposed during SFM and DM. We presented our literally findings and clinical observations.
THE ROLE OF CORRELATION IN QUANTUM AND CLASSICAL GAMES
Authors: PHOENIX SIMON J. D. , KHAN FAISAL SHAH 
Published: July 2013

We use the example of playing a 2-player game with entangled quantum objects to investigate the effect of quantum correlation. We find that for simple game scenarios it is classical correlation that is the central feature and that these simple quantum games are not sensitive to the quantum part of the correlation. In these games played with quantum objects it is possible to transform a game such as Prisoner's Dilemma into the game of Chicken. We show that this behavior, and the associated enhanced equilibrium payoff over playing the game with quantum objects in nonentangled states, is entirely due to the classical part of the correlation. Generalizing these games to the pure strategy 2-player quantum game where the players have finite strategy sets and a projective joint measurement is made on the output state produced by the players, we show that a given quantum game of this form can always be reproduced by a classical model, such as a communication channel. Where entanglement is a feature of the these 2-player quantum games the matrix of expected outcomes for the players can be reproduced by a classical channel with correlated noise.
The role of geodiversity in delivering ecosystem services and benefits in Scotland
Authors: Gordon John E. , Barron Hugh F. 
Published: July 2013

Synopsis
The ecosystem services approach is now a key driver for environmental policy and conservation management both in the UK and globally. Within this, geodiversity provides or underpins many essential provisioning, regulating, cultural and supporting ecosystem services and so it is not only the inherent value of geodiversity that matters, but also its role in ecosystem functioning. Protecting geodiversity contributes to maintaining the resilience and adaptive capacity of biodiversity and supports critical ecosystem services. In addition, the analysis of palaeoenvironmental archives and geomorphological records provides a key long-term perspective on trends, rates of change and future trajectories in ecosystems and service delivery, an acknowledged gap within the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, as well as informing adaptive management of the effects of climate change, including sea-level rise. Better integration of geodiversity and biodiversity as part of Earth system science is critical for the future-proofing of ecosystems and their services and provides opportunities and challenges for applied geoscience.
Geomorphological and geoforensic interpretation of maps, aerial imagery, conditions of diggability and the colour-coded RAG prioritization system in searches for criminal burials
Authors: Donnelly Laurance , Harrison Mark 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
The objective of this paper is to draw attention to the use of air photographs, diggability surveys and the RAG (Red–Amber–Green) prioritization system during police ground searches for burials. The acquisition, analysis and interpretation of aerial imagery by a geologist may provide a useful reconnaissance technique to help delineate and prioritize search areas. A diggability survey may provide information on the ease and efficiency with which the ground may be dug and reinstated by an offender. This is influenced by the depth of the soils, the geology, groundwater, obstructions, the digging implements used, the ability of the offender, the nature of item being buried and the time frames involved. The results of a diggability survey may conveniently be presented as a RAG, map which can help in prioritizing the search. The RAG system appears to have been used independently by geologists, police/law enforcement and the military, and has evolved differently and independently since the early part of the 1900s. These methods have been applied to law enforcement searches for graves and other buried objects as demonstrated by operational case examples.
Reciprocal frame structures made easy
Authors: Song Peng , Fu Chi-Wing , Goswami Prashant , Zheng Jianmin , Mitra Niloy J. , Cohen-Or Daniel 
Published: July 2013

A reciprocal frame (RF) is a self-supported three-dimensional structure made up of three or more sloping rods, which form a closed circuit, namely an RF-unit. Large RF-structures built as complex grillages of one or a few similar RF-units have an intrinsic beauty derived from their inherent self-similar and highly symmetric patterns. Designing RF-structures that span over large domains is an intricate and complex task. In this paper, we present an interactive computational tool for designing RF-structures over a 3D guiding surface, focusing on the aesthetic aspect of the design.
There are three key contributions in this work. First, we draw an analogy between RF-structures and plane tiling with regular polygons, and develop a computational scheme to generate coherent RF-tessellations from simple grammar rules. Second, we employ a conformal mapping to lift the 2D tessellation over a 3D guiding surface, allowing a real-time preview and efficient exploration of wide ranges of RF design parameters. Third, we devise an optimization method to guarantee the collinearity of contact joints along each rod, while preserving the geometric properties of the RF-structure. Our tool not only supports the design of wide variety of RF pattern classes and their variations, but also allows preview and refinement through interactive controls.
Adaptive image synthesis for compressive displays
Authors: Heide Felix , Wetzstein Gordon , Raskar Ramesh , Heidrich Wolfgang 
Published: July 2013

Recent years have seen proposals for exciting new computational display technologies that arecompressivein the sense that they generate high resolution images or light fields with relatively few display parameters. Image synthesis for these types of displays involves two major tasks: sampling and rendering high-dimensional target imagery, such as light fields or time-varying light fields, as well as optimizing the display parameters to provide a good approximation of the target content.In this paper, we introduce an adaptive optimization framework for compressive displays that generates high quality images and light fields using only a fraction of the total plenoptic samples. We demonstrate the framework for a large set of display technologies, including several types of auto-stereoscopic displays, high dynamic range displays, and high-resolution displays. We achieve significant performance gains, and in some cases are able to process data that would be infeasible with existing methods.
Injective and bounded distortion mappings in 3D
Authors: Aigerman Noam , Lipman Yaron 
Published: July 2013

We introduce an efficient algorithm for producing provably injective mappings of tetrahedral meshes with strict bounds on their tetrahedra aspect-ratio distortion.The algorithm takes as input a simplicial map (e.g., produced by some common deformation or volumetric parameterization technique) andprojectsit on the space of injective and bounded-distortion simplicial maps. Namely, finds a similar map that is both bijective and bounded-distortion. As far as we are aware, this is the first algorithm to produce injective or bounded-distortion simplicial maps of tetrahedral meshes. The construction of the algorithm was made possible due to a novel closed-form solution to the problem of finding the closest orientation-preserving bounded-distortion matrix to an arbitrary matrix in three (and higher) dimensions.The algorithm is shown to have quadratic convergence, usually not requiring more than a handful of iterations to converge. Furthermore, it is readily generalized to simplicial maps of any dimension, including mixed dimensions. Finally, it can deal with different distortion spaces, such as bounded isometric distortion. During experiments we found the algorithm useful for producing bijective and bounded-distortion volume parameterizations and deformations of tetrahedral meshes, and improving tetrahedral meshes, increasing the tetrahedra quality produced by state-of-the-art techniques.
Optimizing color consistency in photo collections
Authors: HaCohen Yoav , Shechtman Eli , Goldman Dan B. , Lischinski Dani 
Published: July 2013

With dozens or even hundreds of photos in today's digital photo albums, editing an entire album can be a daunting task. Existing automatic tools operate on individual photos without ensuring consistency of appearance between photographs that share content. In this paper, we present a new method for consistent editing of photo collections. Our method automatically enforces consistent appearance of images that share content without any user input. When the user does make changes to selected images, these changes automatically propagate to other images in the collection, while still maintaining as much consistency as possible. This makes it possible to interactively adjust an entire photo album in a consistent manner by manipulating only a few images.
Our method operates by efficiently constructing a graph with edges linking photo pairs that share content. Consistent appearance of connected photos is achieved by globally optimizing a quadratic cost function over the entire graph, treating user-specified edits as constraints in the optimization. The optimization is fast enough to provide interactive visual feedback to the user. We demonstrate the usefulness of our approach using a number of personal and professional photo collections, as well as internet collections.
Fourier analysis of stochastic sampling strategies for assessing bias and variance in integration
Authors: Subr Kartic , Kautz Jan 
Published: July 2013

Each pixel in a photorealistic, computer generated picture is calculated by approximately integrating all the light arriving at the pixel, from the virtual scene. A common strategy to calculate these high-dimensional integrals is to average the estimates at stochastically sampled locations. The strategy with which the sampled locations are chosen is of utmost importance in deciding the quality of the approximation, and hence rendered image.We derive connections between the spectral properties of stochastic sampling patterns and the first and second order statistics of estimates of integration using the samples. Our equations provide insight into the assessment of stochastic sampling strategies for integration. We show that the amplitude of the expected Fourier spectrum of sampling patterns is a useful indicator of the bias when used in numerical integration. We deduce that estimator variance is directly dependent on the variance of the sampling spectrum over multiple realizations of the sampling pattern. We then analyse Gaussian jittered sampling, a simple variant of jittered sampling, that allows a smooth trade-off of bias for variance in uniform (regular grid) sampling. We verify our predictions using spectral measurement, quantitative integration experiments and qualitative comparisons of rendered images.
Study of empirical approaches to analyze the software metrics
Authors: Pandey Adesh Kr. , Agrawal C. P. , Sharma Arun , Sasikala P. 
Published: July 2013

Software affects nearly every aspect of human lives. Software functional quality is a key to achieve industrial and business relevance, in particular to industrial development and growth.
Software metrics are important indicators to improve the processes and products in all organizations. They define baselines of quality and productivity and enable comparisons against industry averages that help in identifying opportunities for improvement. In addition, Software metrics design and analysis are major activities in the software development life cycle. Software metrics play a vital role in software cost, quality, scheduling, reliability and maintenance. There are various methods to decide which metrics should be used for which purposes. Attributes of a metric may be independent; or attributes may depend on one another.
Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used to assign weights to various parameters of a decision model when they are related to each other in a particular hierarchy. Analytical Network Process (ANP) and Fuzzy ANP are used to solve the decision problem, where attributes of decision parameters form dependency networks. The objective of this paper is to explore the possibilities of using empirical approaches like AHP, ANP and Fuzzy ANP to analyze the software metrics by measuring the weights of different attributes.
An automated tool for regression testing in web applications
Authors: Raina Shikha , Agarwal Arun Prakash 
Published: July 2013

Regression testing of web applications is a costly activity as it tends to generate more test cases than the previous stages of software testing. This cost can be reduced significantly by identifying and testing only the modified parts of a web application. This will require locating the changes that have been introduced in the web application from the previous version that was tested.
In this paper we have introduced an automated tool for locating the changes in the web application which will thereby aid in effective regression testing of the application. This tool compromise of 3 parts, a) a web crawler that crawls the web application, b) an HTML DOM tree generator that generates the DOM tree for a specified web page, c) an comparator that compares the new DOM tree with a previous version of the DOM tree stored in our system.
The Exomes of the NCI-60 Panel: A Genomic Resource for Cancer Biology and Systems Pharmacology
Authors: Abaan Ogan D. , Polley Eric C. , Davis Sean R. , Zhu Yuelin J. , Bilke Sven , Walker Robert L. , Pineda Marbin , Gindin Yevgeniy , Jiang Yuan , Reinhold William C. , Holbeck Susan L. , Simon Richard M. , Doroshow James H. , Pommier Yves , Meltzer Paul S. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
The NCI-60 cell lines are the most frequently studied human tumor cell lines in cancer research. This panel has generated the most extensive cancer pharmacology database worldwide. In addition, these cell lines have been intensely investigated, providing a unique platform for hypothesis-driven research focused on enhancing our understanding of tumor biology. Here, we report a comprehensive analysis of coding variants in the NCI-60 panel of cell lines identified by whole exome sequencing, providing a list of possible cancer specific variants for the community. Furthermore, we identify pharmacogenomic correlations between specific variants in genes such as TP53, BRAF, ERBBs, and ATAD5 and anticancer agents such as nutlin, vemurafenib, erlotinib, and bleomycin showing one of many ways the data could be used to validate and generate novel hypotheses for further investigation. As new cancer genes are identified through large-scale sequencing studies, the data presented here for the NCI-60 will be an invaluable resource for identifying cell lines with mutations in such genes for hypothesis-driven research. To enhance the utility of the data for the greater research community, the genomic variants are freely available in different formats and from multiple sources including the CellMiner and Ingenuity websites. Cancer Res; 73(14); 4372–82. ©2013 AACR.
Stromally Derived Lysyl Oxidase Promotes Metastasis of Transforming Growth Factor-β–Deficient Mouse Mammary Carcinomas
Authors: Pickup Michael W. , Laklai Hanane , Acerbi Irene , Owens Philip , Gorska Agnieszka E. , Chytil Anna , Aakre Mary , Weaver Valerie M. , Moses Harold L. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
The tumor stromal environment can dictate many aspects of tumor progression. A complete understanding of factors driving stromal activation and their role in tumor metastasis is critical to furthering research with the goal of therapeutic intervention. Polyoma middle T-induced mammary carcinomas lacking the type II TGF-β receptor (PyMTmgko) are highly metastatic compared with control PyMT-induced carcinomas (PyMTfl/fl). We hypothesized that the PyMTmgko-activated stroma interacts with carcinoma cells to promote invasion and metastasis. We show that the extracellular matrix associated with PyMTmgko tumors is stiffer and has more fibrillar collagen and increased expression of the collagen crosslinking enzyme lysyl oxidase (LOX) compared with PyMTfl/fl mammary carcinomas. Inhibition of LOX activity in PyMTmgko mice had no effect on tumor latency and size, but significantly decreased tumor metastasis through inhibition of tumor cell intravasation. This phenotype was associated with a decrease in keratin 14–positive myoepithelial cells in PyMTmgko tumors following LOX inhibition as well as a decrease in focal adhesion formation. Interestingly, the primary source of LOX was found to be activated fibroblasts. LOX expression in these fibroblasts can be driven by myeloid cell-derived TGF-β, which is significantly linked to human breast cancer. Overall, stromal expansion in PyMTmgko tumors is likely caused through the modulation of immune cell infiltrates to promote fibroblast activation. This feeds back to the epithelium to promote metastasis by modulating phenotypic characteristics of basal cells. Our data indicate that epithelial induction of microenvironmental changes can play a significant role in tumorigenesis and attenuating these changes can inhibit metastasis. Cancer Res; 73(17); 5336–46. ©2013 AACR.
Intestinal Bacteria Modify Lymphoma Incidence and Latency by Affecting Systemic Inflammatory State, Oxidative Stress, and Leukocyte Genotoxicity
Authors: Yamamoto Mitsuko L. , Maier Irene , Dang Angeline Tilly , Berry David , Liu Jared , Ruegger Paul M. , Yang Jiue-in , Soto Phillip A. , Presley Laura L. , Reliene Ramune , Westbrook Aya M. , Wei Bo , Loy Alexander , Chang Christopher , Braun Jonathan , Borneman James , Schiestl Robert H. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAtaxia-telangiectasia is a genetic disorder associated with high incidence of B-cell lymphoma. Using an ataxia-telangiectasia mouse model, we compared lymphoma incidence in several isogenic mouse colonies harboring different bacterial communities, finding that intestinal microbiota are a major contributor to disease penetrance and latency, lifespan, molecular oxidative stress, and systemic leukocyte genotoxicity. High-throughput sequence analysis of rRNA genes identified mucosa-associated bacterial phylotypes that were colony-specific. Lactobacillus johnsonii, which was deficient in the more cancer-prone mouse colony, was causally tested for its capacity to confer reduced genotoxicity when restored by short-term oral transfer. This intervention decreased systemic genotoxicity, a response associated with reduced basal leukocytes and the cytokine-mediated inflammatory state, and mechanistically linked to the host cell biology of systemic genotoxicity. Our results suggest that intestinal microbiota are a potentially modifiable trait for translational intervention in individuals at risk for B-cell lymphoma, or for other diseases that are driven by genotoxicity or the molecular response to oxidative stress. Cancer Res; 73(14); 4222–32. ©2013 AACR.
PTK6 Activation at the Membrane Regulates Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Zheng Yu , Wang Zebin , Bie Wenjun , Brauer Patrick M. , Perez White Bethany E. , Li Jing , Nogueira Veronique , Raychaudhuri Pradip , Hay Nissim , Tonetti Debra A. , Macias Virgilia , Kajdacsy-Balla André , Tyner Angela L. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
The intracellular tyrosine kinase protein tyrosine kinase 6 (PTK6) lacks a membrane-targeting SH4 domain and localizes to the nuclei of normal prostate epithelial cells. However, PTK6 translocates from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in human prostate tumor cells. Here, we show that while PTK6 is located primarily within the cytoplasm, the pool of active PTK6 in prostate cancer cells localizes to membranes. Ectopic expression of membrane-targeted active PTK6 promoted epithelial–mesenchymal transition in part by enhancing activation of AKT, thereby stimulating cancer cell migration and metastases in xenograft models of prostate cancer. Conversely, siRNA-mediated silencing of endogenous PTK6 promoted an epithelial phenotype and impaired tumor xenograft growth. In mice, PTEN deficiency caused endogenous active PTK6 to localize at membranes in association with decreased E-cadherin expression. Active PTK6 was detected at membranes in some high-grade human prostate tumors, and PTK6 and E-cadherin expression levels were inversely correlated in human prostate cancers. In addition, high levels of PTK6 expression predicted poor prognosis in patients with prostate cancer. Our findings reveal novel functions for PTK6 in the pathophysiology of prostate cancer, and they define this kinase as a candidate therapeutic target. Cancer Res; 73(17); 5426–37. ©2013 AACR.