bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic Targeting of BRCA1-Mutated Breast Cancers with Agents That Activate DNA Repair
Authors: Alli Elizabeth , Solow-Cordero David , Casey Stephanie C. , Ford James M. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Cancers due to germline mutations in the BRCA1 gene tend to lack targets for approved chemoprevention agents. This study aimed at a targeted chemoprevention strategy for BRCA1-associated malignancies. Mutant BRCA1 limits the base-excision DNA repair activity that addresses oxidative DNA damage, the accumulation of which heightens one's risk for cancer. Therefore, we conducted a high-throughput chemical screen to identify drug candidates that could attenuate the inhibitory effects of mutant BRCA1 on this repair activity, thereby describing a new class of DNA repair-activating chemopreventive agents. In the screen design, such drugs functioned by enhancing base-excision DNA repair of oxidative DNA damage in the presence of mutant BRCA1, with minimal cytotoxicity. We identified at least one new agent that decreased malignant properties associated with tumorigenesis, including anchorage-independent growth and tumor progression. This work offers a preclinical proof-of-concept for a wholly new approach to chemoprevention in carriers of BRCA1 mutations as a strategy to reduce the prevalence of BRCA1-associated malignancy. Cancer Res; 74(21); 6205–15. ©2014 AACR.
Interferon Receptor Signaling in Malignancy: A Network of Cellular Pathways Defining Biological Outcomes
Authors: Fish Eleanor N. , Platanias Leonidas C. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
IFNs are cytokines with important antiproliferative activity and exhibit key roles in immune surveillance against malignancies. Early work initiated over three decades ago led to the discovery of IFN receptor activated Jak–Stat pathways and provided important insights into mechanisms for transcriptional activation of IFN-stimulated genes (ISG) that mediate IFN biologic responses. Since then, additional evidence has established critical roles for other receptor-activated signaling pathways in the induction of IFN activities. These include MAPK pathways, mTOR cascades, and PKC pathways. In addition, specific miRNAs appear to play a significant role in the regulation of IFN signaling responses. This review focuses on the emerging evidence for a model in which IFNs share signaling elements and pathways with growth factors and tumorigenic signals but engage them in a distinctive manner to mediate antiproliferative and antiviral responses. Mol Cancer Res; 12(12); 1691–703. ©2014 AACR.
Integrative Genomic Approach Identifies Multiple Genes Involved in Cardiac Collagen Deposition
Authors: Lodder Elisabeth M. , Scicluna Brendon P. , Beekman Leander , Arends Danny , Moerland Perry D. , Tanck Michael W.T. , Adriaens Michiel E. , Bezzina Connie R. 
Published: September 2014

Background—

With aging and in cardiac disease, fibrosis caused by collagen deposition is increased, impairing contractility and providing a substrate for arrhythmia. In this study, we set out to identify genetic modifiers of collagen deposition in the heart by exploiting the genetic variability among F2 progeny of 129P2 and FVBN/J mice carrying the
Scn5a
tm1Care/+
mutation.

Methods and Results—

Relative amounts of collagen were determined in left ventricular myocardium of 65 F2-mice and combined with genome-wide genotypic and cardiac expression data to identify collagen quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and overlapping expression QTLs (eQTLs). A significant collagen QTL was identified on mouse Chr8; an additional collagen QTL was identified on mouse Chr2 after correction for a genetic covariate uncovered on Chr18 using multiple QTL mapping. Of the 24 eQTLs colocalizing with the Chr8-collagen QTL, 6 transcripts were correlated with relative collagen amount. Similarly, of the 7 eQTLs colocalizing with the Chr2-collagen QTL, 1 transcript,
Gpr158
, correlated with relative collagen. Of the 12 transcripts with an eQTLs in the Chr18-covariate region, only
Fgf1
correlated with relative collagen amount. Furthermore, 2 of the transcripts,
Pdlim3
(Chr8) and
Itga6
(Chr2), with eQTLs overlapping with collagen QTLs, had a genetic covariate on Chr18 that coincided with the Chr18 collagen covariate locus. Application of recombinant human FGF1 to isolated cardiac fibroblasts in culture affected the level of expression of
Pdlim3
,
Itga6
, and
Gpr158
.

Conclusions—
We here mapped a possible novel genetic network modulating collagen deposition in mouse left ventricular myocardium.
Pioneer Workers, Invaluable Helpmeets, Good Mothers
Authors: Harnes Helga 
Published: September 2014

This article explores the role of 20th century missionary wives by the examples of six women in the Church Missionary Society (CMS). It offers complexity to a gendered analysis, as well as insight into a time period, c. 1900–c. 1960, which is only beginning to attract attention from researchers of this field. Through the lens of life course theories, the sources reveal official ideals and personal interpretations related to the transitions of marriage and motherhood, and point to motherhood as a turning point. The discussion demonstrates changing role expectations, from an emphasis on wives’ contribution through the companionate missionary marriage towards individual job descriptions and domesticity for wives. However, the women responded differently to the expectations, and the analysis emphasises how the agency of the women was enabled or limited by the timing of transitions. The article positions the individual woman in her immediate context, and in the CMS and wider English society, and search to reveal the interplay of the agents and these structures.
Christianity’s Role in Dispute Resolution in Mozambique
Authors: Jacobs Carolien , van de Kamp Linda 
Published: September 2014

Religion is often portrayed as either a source of conflict or as a source of peace and reconciliation. In this article, we explore the role of religion in day-to-day conflicts in different regions of Mozambique – in Maputo and Gorongosa. We analyse the factors that are of importance in determining whether religious mediation, here mainly by Pentecostal Christians, unites or divides people. It appears that pastors who intervene directly between conflicting parties tend to aim at reconciliation, whereas pastors who intervene in an indirect manner tend to sharpen and magnify divisions between people.
Quantifying Sources of Uncertainty in Projections of Future Climate*
Authors: Northrop Paul J. , Chandler Richard E. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
A simple statistical model is used to partition uncertainty from different sources, in projections of future climate from multimodel ensembles. Three major sources of uncertainty are considered: the choice of climate model, the choice of emissions scenario, and the internal variability of the modeled climate system. The relative contributions of these sources are quantified for mid- and late-twenty-first-century climate projections, using data from 23 coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation models obtained from phase 3 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3). Similar investigations have been carried out recently by other authors but within a statistical framework for which the unbalanced nature of the data and the small number (three) of scenarios involved are potentially problematic. Here, a Bayesian analysis is used to overcome these difficulties. Global and regional analyses of surface air temperature and precipitation are performed. It is found that the relative contributions to uncertainty depend on the climate variable considered, as well as the region and time horizon. As expected, the uncertainty due to the choice of emissions scenario becomes more important toward the end of the twenty-first century. However, for midcentury temperature, model internal variability makes a large contribution in high-latitude regions. For midcentury precipitation, model internal variability is even more important and this persists in some regions into the late century. Implications for the design of climate model experiments are discussed.
HIV/AIDS knowledge, perception of knowledge and sources of information among university students in USA, Turkey, South Africa and Nigeria
Authors: Abiona Titilayo , Balogun Joseph , Yohannes Eden , Adefuye Adedeji , Yakut Yavuz , Amosun Seyi , Frantz Jose 
Published: September 2014

Objective: To examine HIV/AIDS knowledge, perceptions of knowledge and sources of HIV information among university students in four countries with different HIV prevalence rates. Methods: A survey was completed by 2,570 randomly selected university students from the USA, Turkey, South Africa and Nigeria. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the association between accurate HIV/AIDS knowledge, demographic characteristics and frequency of exposure to information sources. Results: Compared to US students, the HIV/AIDS knowledge of Turkish students was more likely to be inaccurate and the knowledge of South African and Nigerian students was more likely to be accurate. South African students were the most exposed to HIV/AIDS information and Turkish students were the least exposed ( p < .001). Men were more likely to demonstrate accurate HIV knowledge than women. A higher percentage of students from South Africa and Nigeria (countries with high HIV prevalence) incorrectly perceived themselves as being very knowledgeable about HIV/AIDS. Marital status, year of university education and type of study (part time or full time) were associated with level of knowledge. Frequency of exposure to HIV/AIDS information was not associated with knowledge. Conclusion: More students in countries with higher HIV prevalence had accurate HIV/AIDS knowledge and poorer perception of their level of knowledge than students in countries with low prevalence. Governments in the countries studied should ensure that young people receive accurate HIV/AIDS information, with special attention paid to educating young women.
A novel technique for direct measurements of contact resistance between interlaced conductive yarns in a plain weave
Authors: Gunnarsson Emanuel , Karlsteen Magnus , Berglin Lena , Stray Jonas 
Published: September 2014

Contact resistance between interlaced conductive yarns will under certain circumstances constitute a problem for sensor applications and electrical routing in interactive textile structures. This type of resistance could alter the effective area of the sensor and introduce hot-spots in the routing. This paper presents a technique for measuring contact resistances on fabric samples. The samples used are unit cells of plain weave, that is, two conductive (silver-coated) yarns in the warp direction and two in the weft direction. The numerical values for the contact resistance are of the order of Rc ≈ 0.3 Ω. A resistor network made of through-hole film resistors with known values is used for evaluation of the method. The results show that the technique provides values typically within ±1% error compared with the known resistor values. Thus, the method can be used in order to calculate the contact resistances of a woven conductive textile.
An Integrative Review of Self-efficacy Measurement Instruments in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Rasbach Lisa , Jenkins Carolyn , Laffel Lori 
Published: September 2014

Purpose The purpose of this study is to assess the extant literature on instruments used to measure self-efficacy in youth with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and their caregivers and to critically evaluate these measurements. Methods An integrative review (2003-2013) was conducted searching PsycINFO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and US National Library of Medicine PubMed service (PubMed) databases using key words diabetes, type 1 diabetes, and self-efficacy. The authors reviewed the resulting 294 references for inclusion criteria of (a) sample of youth with T1DM or sample of caregivers of youth with T1DM, (b) description of the self-efficacy instrument as primary research, and (c) the instrument measured self-efficacy specifically related to diabetes management. Forty-five articles out of the initial 294 met criteria. Results Of the 45 articles, 10 different self-efficacy instruments were identified. The primary theoretical framework used was Bandura’s social cognitive theory and model of self-efficacy. Most participants were white middle-class T1DM youth. Evaluations to assess validity often were not reported; however, a majority of studies reported high internal consistency of the instruments. Conclusions Sample homogeneity could limit the applicability of results to certain patient populations. Further psychometric analysis, including validity assessments, should be conducted in more diverse samples. Development of valid and reliable instruments for measuring self-efficacy that are sensitive to change across a wider caregiver base over time is necessary. While this review examined reliable and valid instruments used in research, future opportunities include evaluation of measuring self-efficacy in T1DM youth exposed to recent advances in diabetes management technologies.
Novel Modified Surgical Treatment of Auricular Pseudocyst Using Plastic Sheet Compression
Authors: Shan Yamin , Xu Jing , Cai Changping , Wang Shili , Zhang Hao 
Published: September 2014

ObjectiveTo introduce a novel modified surgical procedure of excision of anterior cartilage of the pseudocyst along with plastic sheet compression for the treatment of auricular pseudocyst and ascertain the effect of the surgical modality of this disease.Study DesignA retrospective study.SettingMedical college hospital.Subjects and MethodsEighty‐seven auricular pseudocyst patients were subjected to excision of the anterior cartilage of the pseudocyst followed by plastic sheet compression from July 2006 to September 2013. The effects of the operation were evaluated.ResultsEighty patients were males and 7 were females. The median age was 52 years old. The lesions of 86 patients were unilateral and only 1 was bilateral. The clinical features presented a hemispheric painless swelling, which was seen on the ventral side of the auricle, usually the scaphoid and triangular fossa. The average major axis of the pseudocyst was 1.7 ± 0.6 cm. The patients underwent excision of anterior cartilage of the pseudocyst along with plastic sheet compression. The average follow‐up period was 51.9 ± 19.1 months. No recurrence was observed with this technique, and the appearance of the auricle was cosmetically acceptable.ConclusionsOur novel modified surgical procedure of excision of anterior cartilage of pseudocyst along with plastic sheet compression is an effective surgical management for the auricular pseudocyst. The advantages of a simple technique, a short‐term therapeutic period, and no recurrence made the surgical procedure worth recommending as the definitive treatment of auricular pseudocysts.
Contrast-enhanced MRI of the temporomandibular joint: findings in children without juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Kottke Raimund , Saurenmann Rotraud K , Schneider Michel M , Müller Lukas , Grotzer Michael A , Kellenberger Christian J 
Published: September 2014

Background Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is highly sensitive for assessing temporomandibular joint (TMJ) involvement in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), but only sparse data exist on normal TMJ appearance in children. Purpose To determine normal MRI appearance and enhancement pattern of pediatric TMJ as basis for diagnosing early arthritis. Material and Methods In 27 children (age range, 1.2–16.8 years) without TMJ pathology undergoing head MRI, fat-saturated T2-weighted (T2W) and postcontrast fat-saturated T1-weighted (T1W) images sagittally aligned to the 54 TMJs, besides standard T1W and T2W images, were assessed for bony and soft tissue signal intensity (SI), the amount of perceptible joint fluid, and contrast enhancement (CE). Results Bone marrow SI and CE of the mandible were consistent with varying degrees of residual red marrow in 96% of joints. The mandibular condyles were mostly isointense to the ramus, but in 9% showed mild edema-like bone marrow SI and CE. Small amounts of intraarticular fluid were detected in 31% on T2W images without fat saturation and in 83% on T2W images with fat saturation as fine lines in the upper or lower joint compartment or as small dots in an articular recess. Seventy-nine percent of all TMJs showed intense joint enhancement on early images restricted to areas of intraarticular fluid. Conclusion Small amounts of joint fluid with intense CE are a common MRI finding in TMJs of children without JIA and therefore should not be considered diagnostic for early arthritis.
Effect of ketamine versus alfentanil following midazolam in preventing emergence agitation in children after sevoflurane anaesthesia: A prospective randomized clinical trial
Authors: Bilgen Sevgi , Köner Özge , Karacay Safak , Sancar Nurcan Kizilcik , Kaspar Elif Cigdem , Sözübir Selami 
Published: September 2014

Objective To investigate the effect of intranasal ketamine versus alfentanil in addition to oral midazolam for the prevention of emergence agitation in children. Methods Children undergoing urological surgery with sevoflurane anaesthesia received oral midazolam 40 min before induction and were then randomly assigned to receive 2 mg/kg ketamine, 10 µg/kg alfentanil or 1 ml isotonic saline intranasally. Parental separation status and mask acceptance were assessed preoperatively. Emergence agitation was evaluated using a paediatric anaesthesia emergence delirium (PAED) score. Results Data from 78 children were evaluated in the study. There were no significant differences between the groups in demographic characteristics, recovery times or parental separation scores . Mask acceptance was significantly better in the ketamine group than in the saline group . The mean PAED score in the ketamine group was significantly better than in the other two groups, but was similar in the saline and alfentanil groups. The incidence of emergence agitation was 3.8%, 36.0% and 40.7% in the ketamine, alfentanil and saline groups, respectively. Conclusions The addition of intranasal ketamine to oral midazolam significantly improved the quality of induction and reduced sevoflurane-induced emergence agitation, in children undergoing urological surgery.
Association between low 25-hydroxyvitamin D, insulin resistance and arterial stiffness in nondiabetic women with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Sabio J M , Vargas-Hitos J A , Martinez-Bordonado J , Navarrete-Navarrete N , Díaz-Chamorro A , Olvera-Porcel C , Zamora M , Jiménez-Alonso J 
Published: September 2014

Objective The objective of this paper is to examine if there is an association between low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and insulin resistance (IR) in nondiabetic women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to evaluate its impact on arterial stiffness. Patients and methods In this cross-sectional study 25(OH)D, insulin, insulin resistance measured by the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR), homocysteine, fibrinogen, characteristics of SLE, medications and pulse-wave velocity (PWV) were measured in 106 nondiabetic women with SLE and 101 matched controls. Results Women with SLE tended to have lower 25(OH)D levels ( p = 0.078) and a higher frequency of 25(OH)D deficiency (defined as <10 ng/ml) than controls ( p = 0.058). Patients from the lowest quartile of the 25(OH)D range had higher PWV ( p = 0.043), fasting glucose ( p = 0.035), insulinemia ( p ≤ 0.001), HOMA-IR ( p = 0.006), C4 ( p = 0.012), as well as more frequent IR ( p = 0.002) and metabolic syndrome ( p = 0.052) than those in the upper quartile, and no differences were found in age, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, lipid levels and renal function. In women with SLE, 25(OH)D inversely correlated with insulin ( p = 0.006), HOMA-IR ( p = 0.008) and C4 ( p = 0.048) and tended to correlate with fibrinogen ( p = 0.060) after adjustment for BMI, age, SLEDAI, prednisone dose, renal function, inflammation markers and seasonal variation, but not with PWV. In controls, 25(OH)D correlated only with homocysteine after the same adjustment, and the correlation with PWV tended to be significant after adjustment for BMI and age ( r = −0.190, p = 0.10). Conclusion Low 25(OH)D levels were found to be associated with increased IR in nondiabetic women with SLE independently of BMI. Low 25(OH)D levels, but not IR, could be associated with increased arterial stiffness in these patients.
Misclassification of outcome in case–control studies: Methods for sensitivity analysis
Authors: Gilbert Rebecca , Martin Richard M , Donovan Jenny , Lane J Athene , Hamdy Freddie , Neal David E , Metcalfe Chris 
Published: September 2014

Case–control studies are potentially open to misclassification of disease outcome which may be unrelated to risk factor exposure (non-differential), thus underestimating associations, or related to risk factor exposure (differential), thus causing more serious bias. We conducted a systematic literature review for methods of adjusting for outcome misclassification in case–control studies. We also applied methods to simulated data with known outcome misclassification to assess performance of these methods. Finally, real data from the Prostate Testing for Cancer and Treatment (ProtecT) randomised controlled trial gauged the usefulness of these methods. Adjustment methods range from recalculating cell frequencies to probabilistic sensitivity modelling and Bayesian models, which incorporate uncertainty in sensitivity and specificity estimates. Simulated data indicated that substantial bias in either direction resulted from differential misclassification. More sophisticated methods, incorporating uncertainty into estimates of misclassification, provided appropriately wide confidence intervals for corrected estimates of risk factor–disease association. Method choice depends on whether the objective is to assess if an observed association can be explained by bias, or to provide a ‘corrected’ estimate for the primary analysis. Accurate estimation of the degree of misclassification is important for the latter; otherwise further bias may be introduced.
Colonic motility in ulcerative colitis
Authors: Bassotti Gabrio , Antonelli Elisabetta , Villanacci Vincenzo , Baldoni Monia , Dore Maria Pina 
Published: September 2014

BackgroundInflammatory conditions affecting the gut may cause motility disturbances, and ulcerative colitis – one of the main disorders among the inflammatory bowel diseases – may display abnormal colonic motility.AimTo review the abnormalities of the large bowel in ulcerative colitis, by considering the motility, laboratory (in vitro) and pathological studies dealing with this topic.MethodsA comprehensive online search of Medline and the Science Citation Index was carried out.ResultsPatients with ulcerative colitis frequently display colonic motor abnormalities, including lack of contractility, an increase of propulsive contractile waves, an excessive production of nitric oxide, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide nerves, interleukin 1 beta, neurotensin, tachykinins levels and the weaker action of substance P, likely related to a neuromuscular dysfunction due to the inflammatory process.ConclusionsA better understanding of the pathophysiological grounds of altered colonic motility in ulcerative colitis may lead to a more in‐depth knowledge of the accompanying symptoms and to better and more targeted therapeutic approaches.