bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive expertise in esport experts: a three-level model meta-analysis
Authors: Miao Haofei , He Hao , Hou Xianyun , Wang Jinghui , Chi Lizhong 
Published: August 2024

Objectives
The cognitive expertise of experts has been an intriguing theme; there has been rapid growth in cognitive research related to esports. Given the close association between esports activities and cognition, esports holds promise in offering new perspectives for understanding cognitive expertise. This meta-analysis aims at quantitatively delineating the cognitive disparities between esports experts and amateurs.

Methods
The expert group comprised professional video game players and high-ranking players (top 1%), while amateurs were assigned to the control group. Research studies published between January 2000 and December 2023 were systematically searched in databases. A three-level model with cluster-robust variance estimation was used to calculate the overall effect size. The moderating variables included professional level, cognitive abilities, dependent variable type, game genre, gender and age.

Results
A total of 15 studies containing 142 effect sizes and 1085 participants were included in this meta-analysis. The results indicated that, compared to amateurs, video game experts demonstrated superior cognitive abilities with a small effect size (Hedges’ g = 0.373, 95% CI [0.055–0.691], p = .012). The differences between experts and amateur players mainly manifest in spatial cognition and attention. Sensitivity analysis, risk of bias, and publication bias results indicated the reliability of these findings.

Conclusions
This meta-analysis confirms that esports experts possess superior cognitive abilities compared to amateurs, particularly in aspects of spatial cognition and attention. These can provide an effective reference for future selection and training in esports.
Evaluating Existing Mobile Apps for Toddler Parenting: Recommendations for Future App Developers
Authors: Sunita  , Malik Poonam 
Published: August 2024

Background: As the number of smartphones in use rises, more parents are turning to mobile applications for parenting guidance. However, identifying quality apps for guidance on child development can be challenging for parents.
Objective: This study evaluated existing mobile applications to disseminate important parenting information among Indian parents using a structured analysis method.
Methodology: This app analysis study aimed to document the basic and special features of toddler parenting apps in India available to parents as they promote their child's development and health. To understand the accessibility and quality of apps for toddler parents, we conducted an analysis of apps in the Google Play Store. The Google Play Store was searched for available parenting apps using different search terms such as mom, mother, mommy, father, dad, papa, daddy, baby, kid, toddler, child, children, parent, and parenting. We screened 138 apps and evaluated 40 that met the criteria for their features and usability.
Results: We found that a great number of toddler parenting apps are available, but most of the apps had foreign regions of origin (50%). The information is in English language (65%) and the apps are mostly non-interactive (60%).
Conclusion: The study addresses a crucial gap in the availability and quality of mobile applications tailored for toddler parenting, specifically in the Indian context. By evaluating and highlighting the shortcomings of existing apps, the study provides valuable insights that can inform the development of more effective, culturally relevant, and interactive parenting tools. The findings also emphasize the need for localized content, which is vital for enhancing parenting practices and child development.
Party Autonomy in the CISG and the New Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive
Authors: Pires César 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The recent Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CSDDD) introduces new challenges for both large companies and small and medium-sized enterprises in their supply chains. This article addresses the interaction between the principle of party autonomy under the CISG and the issues arising from the new CSDDD. It also explores the suspension and termination of international sales contracts as a last resort under both the CISG and the CSDD.
Overview of Peptide and Protein Analysis by Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Guoan , Annan Roland S. , Carr Steven A. , Neubert Thomas A. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractMass spectrometry is an indispensable tool for peptide and protein analysis owing to its speed, sensitivity, and versatility. It can be used to determine amino acid sequences of peptides, and to characterize a wide variety of post‐translational modifications such as phosphorylation and glycosylation. Mass spectrometry can also be used to determine absolute and relative protein quantities, and can identify and quantify thousands of proteins from complex samples, which makes it an extremely powerful tool for systems biology studies. The main goals of this unit are to familiarize peptide and protein chemists and biologists with the types of mass spectrometers that are appropriate for the majority of their analytical needs, to describe the kinds of experiments that can be performed with these instruments on a routine basis, and to discuss the kinds of information that these experiments provide. Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol. 108:10.21.1‐10.21.30. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Production of Disulfide‐Bonded Proteins in Escherichia coli
Authors: Ke Na , Berkmen Mehmet 
Published: October 2014

AbstractProduction of recombinant proteins at high yields in Escherichia coli requires extensive optimization of expression conditions. Production is further complicated for proteins that require specific post‐translational modifications for their eventual folding. One common and particularly important post‐translational modification is oxidation of the correct pair of cysteines to form a disulfide bond. This unit describes methods to produce disulfide‐bonded proteins in E. coli in either the naturally oxidizing periplasm or the cytoplasm of appropriately engineered cells. The focus is on variables key to improving the oxidative folding of disulfide‐bonded proteins, with the aim of helping the researcher optimize expression conditions for a protein of interest. Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol. 108:16.1B.1‐16.1B.21. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Overview of Cell‐Free Protein Synthesis: Historic Landmarks, Commercial Systems, and Expanding Applications
Authors: Chong Shaorong 
Published: October 2014

AbstractDuring the early days of molecular biology, cell‐free protein synthesis played an essential role in deciphering the genetic code and contributed to our understanding of translation of protein from messenger RNA. Owing to several decades of major and incremental improvements, modern cell‐free systems have achieved higher protein synthesis yields at lower production costs. Commercial cell‐free systems are now available from a variety of material sources, ranging from “traditional” E. coli, rabbit reticulocyte lysate, and wheat germ extracts, to recent insect and human cell extracts, to defined systems reconstituted from purified recombinant components. Although each cell‐free system has certain advantages and disadvantages, the diversity of the cell‐free systems allows in vitro synthesis of a wide range of proteins for a variety of downstream applications. In the post‐genomic era, cell‐free protein synthesis has rapidly become the preferred approach for high‐throughput functional and structural studies of proteins and a versatile tool for in vitro protein evolution and synthetic biology. This unit provides a brief history of cell‐free protein synthesis and describes key advances in modern cell‐free systems, practical differences between widely used commercial cell‐free systems, and applications of this important technology. Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol. 108:16.30.1‐16.30.11. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Analysis of Genetic Linkage Data for Mendelian Traits
Authors: Dueker Nicole D. , Pericak‐Vance Margaret A. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis unit describes linkage analysis, an invaluable tool in mapping human disease genes. Linkage analysis is one of several methods used to map genes. Specifically, in linkage analysis, cosegregation of two or more genes (traits) is examined in a family unit to determine if they segregate independently of each other according to Mendel's laws or if they do not segregate independently because of their close physical proximity. The procedures outlined in this unit are not always straightforward, and a number of caveats are presented in the commentary regarding possible complications and confounding factors that may arise. Specific examples are given, but it is not possible to cover all possible scenarios or variables. The intention is to enable the reader to master basic principles used in the linkage approach, and thus be in a position to undertake, with proper consultation, a linkage‐analysis study. This unit deals specifically with lod score analysis in Mendelian disorders. Curr. Protoc. Hum. Genet. 83:1.4.1‐1.4.31. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
RNA‐seq Data: Challenges in and Recommendations for Experimental Design and Analysis
Authors: Williams Alexander G. , Thomas Sean , Wyman Stacia K. , Holloway Alisha K. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractRNA‐seq is widely used to determine differential expression of genes or transcripts as well as identify novel transcripts, identify allele‐specific expression, and precisely measure translation of transcripts. Thoughtful experimental design and choice of analysis tools are critical to ensure high‐quality data and interpretable results. Important considerations for experimental design include number of replicates, whether to collect paired‐end or single‐end reads, sequence length, and sequencing depth. Common analysis steps in all RNA‐seq experiments include quality control, read alignment, assigning reads to genes or transcripts, and estimating gene or transcript abundance. Our aims are two‐fold: to make recommendations for common components of experimental design and assess tool capabilities for each of these steps. We also test tools designed to detect differential expression, since this is the most widespread application of RNA‐seq. We hope that these analyses will help guide those who are new to RNA‐seq and will generate discussion about remaining needs for tool improvement and development. Curr. Protoc. Hum. Genet. 83:11.13.1‐11.13.20. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
High‐Resolution Cytometry for High‐Content Cell Cycle Analysis
Authors: Furia Laura , Pelicci Piergiuseppe , Faretta Mario 
Published: October 2014

AbstractOne of the major limitations of flow cytometry (FCM) is the absence of an intracellular view. Automated microscopy and image analysis, together with technological developments, led to new approaches in cytometry that bypass the above limitation, introducing high resolution, high content, and large statistical sampling. However, few attempts have been made, until now, to translate the wide repertoire of FCM assays into high‐content image screening. This unit describes the implementation of an acquisition and analysis protocol for evaluation of the cell cycle by automated microscopy. The approach grants the possibility to perform simultaneous analysis of a high number of different parameters. A large part of this unit is devoted to the description of hardware features that can optimize the recorded information together with the acquisition and analysis procedures employed to produce good‐quality data.Curr. Protoc. Cytom. 70:7.41.1‐7.41.15. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Correlative Fluorescence and Electron Microscopy
Authors: Schirra Randall T. , Zhang Peijun 
Published: October 2014

AbstractCorrelative fluorescence and electron microscopy (CFEM) is a multimodal technique that combines dynamic and localization information from fluorescence methods with ultrastructural data from electron microscopy, to give new information about how cellular components change relative to the spatiotemporal dynamics within their environment. In this review, we will discuss some of the basic techniques and tools of the trade for utilizing this attractive research method, which is becoming a very powerful tool for biology labs. The information obtained from correlative methods has proven to be invaluable in creating consensus between the two types of microscopy, extending the capability of each, and cutting the time and expense associated with using each method separately for comparative analysis. The realization of the advantages of these methods in cell biology has led to rapid improvement in the protocols and has ushered in a new generation of instruments to reach the next level of correlation—integration. Curr. Protoc. Cytom. 70:12.36.1‐12.36.10. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Heating of the sunlit polar cap ionosphere by reflected photoelectrons
Authors: Varney R. H. , Solomon S. C. , Nicolls M. J. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPhotoelectrons escape from the ionosphere on sunlit polar cap field lines. In order for those field lines to carry zero current without significant heavy ion outflow or cold electron inflow, field‐aligned potential drops must form to reflect a portion of the escaping photoelectron population back to the ionosphere. Using a 1‐D ionosphere‐polar wind model and measurements from the Resolute Bay Incoherent Scatter Radar (RISR‐N), this paper shows that these reflected photoelectrons are a significant source of heat for the sunlit polar cap ionosphere. The model includes a kinetic suprathermal electron transport solver, and it allows energy input from the upper boundary in three different ways: thermal conduction, soft precipitation, and potentials that reflect photoelectrons. The simulations confirm that reflection potentials of several tens of eV are required to prevent cold electron inflow and demonstrate that the flux tube integrated change in electron heating rate (FTICEHR) associated with reflected photoelectrons can reach 109eV cm−2s−1. Soft precipitation can produce FTICEHR of comparable magnitudes, but this extra heating is divided among more electrons as a result of electron impact ionization. Simulations with no reflected photoelectrons and with downward field‐aligned currents (FAC) primarily carried by the escaping photoelectrons have electron temperatures which are ∼250–500 K lower than the RISR‐N measurements in the 300–600 km region; however, simulations with reflected photoelectrons, zero FAC, and no other form of heat flux through the upper boundary can satisfactorily reproduce the RISR‐N data.
Hyperglycemia‐ and neuropathy‐induced changes in mitochondria within sensory nerves
Authors: Hamid Hussein S. , Mervak Colin M. , Münch Alexandra E. , Robell Nicholas J. , Hayes John M. , Porzio Michael T. , Singleton J. Robinson , Smith A. Gordon , Feldman Eva L. , Lentz Stephen I. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjectiveThis study focused on altered mitochondrial dynamics as a potential mechanism for diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). We employed both an in vitro sensory neuron model and an in situ analysis of human intraepidermal nerve fibers (IENFs) from cutaneous biopsies to measure alterations in the size distribution of mitochondria as a result of hyperglycemia and diabetes, respectively.MethodsNeurite‐ and nerve‐specific mitochondrial signals within cultured rodent sensory neurons and human IENFs were measured by employing a three‐dimensional visualization and quantification technique. Skin biopsies from distal thigh (DT) and distal leg (DL) were analyzed from three groups of patients; patients with diabetes and no DPN, patients with diabetes and confirmed DPN, and healthy controls.ResultsThis analysis demonstrated an increase in mitochondria distributed within the neurites of cultured sensory neurons exposed to hyperglycemic conditions. Similar changes were observed within IENFs of the DT in DPN patients compared to controls. This change was represented by a significant shift in the size frequency distribution of mitochondria toward larger mitochondria volumes within DT nerves of DPN patients. There was a length‐dependent difference in mitochondria within IENFs. Distal leg IENFs from control patients had a significant shift toward larger volumes of mitochondrial signal compared to DT IENFs.InterpretationThe results of this study support the hypothesis that altered mitochondrial dynamics may contribute to DPN pathogenesis. Future studies will examine the potential mechanisms that are responsible for mitochondrial changes within IENFs and its effect on DPN pathogenesis.
Determination of β‐d‐glucan and endotoxin levels in Kampo extracts
Authors: Nakae Hajime , Takahashi Gaku , Sato Ryo , Shibata Shigehiro , Endo Shigeatsu 
Published: October 2014

AimsKampo medicine is based on the use of established formulations combining natural extracts with no “brand‐name” products or corresponding “generic” formulation. Due to differences in manufacturing practices, products of different pharmaceutical companies may contain different concentrations of β‐d‐glucan and endotoxins. The aim of this study was to compare the concentrations of β‐d‐glucan and endotoxins in five Kampo extracts from four pharmaceutical companies.MethodsPackages of Kampo extracts were dissolved in distilled water. β‐d‐Glucan and endotoxin concentrations were measured using high‐sensitivity kinetic turbidimetric Limulus assay.ResultsAll Kampo extracts examined in this study were found to contain detectable concentrations of β‐d‐glucan and endotoxins. Significant differences in the concentration of β‐d‐glucan and endotoxins (P = 0.0024 and P = 0.0013, respectively) were observed between products of different pharmaceutical companies.ConclusionsHigh β‐d‐glucan and endotoxin contents were detected in Kampo extracts, with a large variability in the concentrations of both β‐d‐glucan and endotoxins among extracts from different pharmaceutical companies.
Preservation of electroencephalographic organization in patients with impaired consciousness and imaging‐based evidence of command‐following
Authors: Forgacs Peter B. , Conte Mary M. , Fridman Esteban A. , Voss Henning U. , Victor Jonathan D. , Schiff Nicholas D. 
Published: October 2014

ObjectiveStandard clinical characterization of patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC) relies on observation of motor output and may therefore lead to the misdiagnosis of vegetative state or minimally conscious state in patients with preserved cognition. We used conventional electroencephalographic (EEG) measures to assess a cohort of DOC patients with and without functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)‐based evidence of command‐following, and correlated the findings with standard clinical behavioral evaluation and brain metabolic activity.MethodsWe enrolled 44 patients with severe brain injury. Behavioral diagnosis was established using standardized clinical assessments. Long‐term EEG recordings were analyzed to determine wakeful background organization and presence of elements of sleep architecture. A subset of patients had fMRI testing of command‐following using motor imagery paradigms (26 patients) and resting brain metabolism measurement using 18fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (31 patients).ResultsAll 4 patients with fMRI evidence of covert command‐following consistently demonstrated well‐organized EEG background during wakefulness, spindling activity during sleep, and relative preservation of cortical metabolic activity. In the entire cohort, EEG organization and overall brain metabolism showed no significant association with bedside behavioral testing, except in a few cases when EEG was severely abnormal.InterpretationThese findings suggest that conventional EEG is a simple strategy that complements behavioral and imaging characterization of DOC patients. Preservation of specific EEG features may be used to assess the likelihood of unrecognized cognitive abilities in severely brain‐injured patients with very limited or no motor responses. Ann Neurol 2014;76:869–879
Anti–JC virus antibody levels in serum or plasma further define risk of natalizumab‐associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
Authors: Plavina Tatiana , Subramanyam Meena , Bloomgren Gary , Richman Sandra , Pace Amy , Lee Sophia , Schlain Brian , Campagnolo Denise , Belachew Shibeshih , Ticho Barry 
Published: October 2014

ObjectiveThe increased risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) with natalizumab treatment is associated with the presence of anti–JC virus (JCV) antibodies. We analyzed whether anti‐JCV antibody levels, measured as index, may further define PML risk in seropositive patients.MethodsThe association between serum or plasma anti‐JCV antibody levels and PML risk was examined in anti‐JCV antibody–positive multiple sclerosis (MS) patients from natalizumab clinical studies and postmarketing sources. For PML and non‐PML patients, the probabilities of having an index below and above a range of anti‐JCV antibody index thresholds were calculated using all available data and applied to the PML risk stratification algorithm. Longitudinal stability of anti‐JCV antibody index was also evaluated.ResultsAnti‐JCV antibody index data were available for serum/plasma samples collected >6 months prior to PML diagnosis from 71 natalizumab‐treated PML patients and 2,522 non‐PML anti‐JCV antibody–positive patients. In patients with no prior immunosuppressant use, anti‐JCV antibody index distribution was significantly higher in PML patients than in non‐PML patients (p < 0.0001). Among patients who were anti‐JCV antibody negative at baseline in the AFFIRM and STRATIFY‐1 trials, 97% remained consistently negative or below an index threshold of 1.5 over 18 months. Retrospective analyses of pre‐PML samples collected longitudinally from PML patients displayed sustained higher anti‐JCV antibody index over time.InterpretationAnti‐JCV antibody levels in serum/plasma, measured as index, may differentiate PML risk in anti‐JCV antibody–positive MS patients with no prior immunosuppressant use. Continued evaluation of anti‐JCV antibody index and PML risk is warranted. Ann Neurol 2014;76:802–812
One‐pot preparation of multicolor polymeric nanoparticles with high brightness by single wavelength excitation
Authors: Chen Jian , Huang Fuhua , Wang Hong , Li Ya , Liu Shengli , Yi Pinggui 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTFluorescent nanoparticles with multiplex distinct emission signatures and high brightness by a single wavelength excitation are substantially needed in multiplex bioassays and imaging. In this study, we synthesized fluorescent polymeric nanoparticles incorporated with three polymerizable organic dyes via a one‐pot miniemulsion. By altering the doping ratio of three tandem dyes, the nanoparticles display abundant multiple fluorescence such as blue, cyan, green, orange, pink, red etc., together with distinguishable emission signatures under a single wavelength excitation, which were arising from the effective fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the three energy‐matched dyes. Meanwhile, a large Stokes shift (up to 250 nm) can be generated by taking place multiple FRET cascade mechanism between donor and acceptor fluorophores in nanoparticles, which also suggests broad applications in biological labeling and imaging. Moreover, these nanoparticles are uniform in size, highly bright, excellently photostable, and shown prominent longterm stability. Overall, the novel multicolor fluorescent polymeric nanoparticles augur well for their potential applications in multiplexed bioanalysis and emitting displays. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41492.