bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is brief advice in primary care a cost-effective way to promote physical activity?
Authors: Anokye Nana K , Lord Joanne , Fox-Rushby Julia 
Published: December 2013

AimThis study models the cost-effectiveness of brief advice (BA) in primary care for physical activity (PA) addressing the limitations in the current limited economic literature through the use of a time-based modelling approach.MethodsA Markov model was used to compare the lifetime costs and outcomes of a cohort of 100 000 people exposed to BA versus usual care. Health outcomes were expressed in terms of quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Costs were assessed from a health provider perspective (£2010/11 prices). Data to populate the model were derived from systematic literature reviews and the literature searches of economic evaluations that were conducted for national guidelines. Deterministic and probability sensitivity analyses explored the uncertainty in parameter estimates including short-term mental health gains associated with PA.ResultsCompared with usual care, BA is more expensive, incurring additional costs of £806 809 but it is more effective leading to 466 QALYs gained in the total cohort, a QALY gain of 0.0047/person. The incremental cost per QALY of BA is £1730 (including mental health gains) and thus can be considered cost-effective at a threshold of £20 000/QALY. Most changes in assumptions resulted in the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) falling at or below £12 000/QALY gained. However, when short-term mental health gains were excluded the ICER was £27 000/QALY gained. The probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed that, at a threshold of £20 000/QALY, there was a 99.9% chance that BA would be cost-effective.ConclusionsBA is a cost-effective way to improve PA among adults, provided short-term mental health gains are considered. Further research is required to provide more accurate evidence on factors contributing to the cost-effectiveness of BA.
It Is Not Always Necessary to Do Axillary Dissection for T1 and T2 Breast Cancer—Point
Authors: Morrow Monica 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) has been a part of breast cancer management since the 1900s. The idea that axillary metastases do not require surgical removal is a repudiation of the Halstedian concept of breast cancer biology, yet multiple prospective randomized studies show that the incidence of nodal recurrence in patients not having ALND is substantially lower than expected, based on the incidence of axillary metastases in patients having ALND, and survival does not differ based on axillary treatment. Avoidance of axillary dissection significantly reduces the morbidity of breast cancer surgery. As the use of systemic therapy has increased and targeted therapies have become available, the incidence of axillary recurrence in patients not having dissection has decreased to approximately 1% at 5 years, making routine axillary dissection difficult to justify. ALND is no longer standard management for patients with T1 and T2, clinically node-negative cancers undergoing breast-conserving therapy and found to have a positive sentinel node, and can also be avoided in patients with these tumor features having mastectomy if the need for postmastectomy radiotherapy is clear with the finding of a positive sentinel node. Cancer Res; 73(24); 7151–4. ©2013 AACR.
Impaired Hyperemic Myocardial Blood Flow Is Associated With Inducibility of Ventricular Arrhythmia in Ischemic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Rijnierse Mischa T. , de Haan Stefan , Harms Hendrik J. , Robbers Lourens F. , Wu LiNa , Danad Ibrahim , Beek Aernout M. , Heymans Martijn W. , van Rossum Albert C. , Lammertsma Adriaan A. , Allaart Cornelis P. , Knaapen Paul 
Published: December 2013

Background—
Risk stratification for ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) is important to refine selection criteria for primary prevention implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy. Impaired hyperemic myocardial blood flow (MBF) is associated with increased mortality rate in ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy, which may be attributed to electric instability inducing VAs. The aim of this pilot study was to assess whether hyperemic MBF impairment may be related with VA inducibility in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy.

Methods and Results—

Thirty patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy referred for primary prevention implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation were prospectively included (26 men; 65±8 years old; left ventricular ejection fraction, 29±6%). [
15
O]H
2
O positron-emission tomography was performed to quantify resting MBF, hyperemic MBF, and coronary flow reserve. Left ventricular dimensions, function, and scar burden were assessed with cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. An electrophysiological study was performed to test VA inducibility. Positive electrophysiological study patients (n=12) showed reduced hyperemic MBF (1.25±0.30 versus 1.66±0.38 mL·min
−1
·g
−1
;
P
<0.01) and coronary flow reserve (1.59±0.49 versus 2.12±0.48;
P
<0.01) compared with electrophysiological study negative patients (n=18). In electrophysiological study positive patients, the number of scar segments >75% transmurality was higher (
P
<0.05), although scar size and border zone did not differ. Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that impaired hyperemic MBF (area under the curve, 0.84; 95% confidence intervals [0.69–0.99]) and coronary flow reserve (area under the curve, 0.77; 95% confidence intervals [0.57–0.96]) were associated with VA inducibility.

Conclusions—
In this pilot study, impaired hyperemic MBF and coronary flow reserve were associated with VA inducibility in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. These results are hypothesis generating for a potential role of quantitative positron-emission tomography perfusion imaging in risk stratification for VAs.
Treatment of Acute Venous Thromboembolism With Dabigatran or Warfarin and Pooled Analysis
Authors: Schulman Sam , Kakkar Ajay K. , Goldhaber Samuel Z. , Schellong Sebastian , Eriksson Henry , Mismetti Patrick , Christiansen Anita Vedel , Friedman Jeffrey , Le Maulf Florence , Peter Nuala , Kearon Clive 
Published: December 2013

Background—
Dabigatran and warfarin have been compared for the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism (VTE) in a previous trial. We undertook this study to extend those findings.

Methods and Results—

In a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy trial of 2589 patients with acute VTE treated with low-molecular-weight or unfractionated heparin for 5 to 11 days, we compared dabigatran 150 mg twice daily with warfarin. The primary outcome, recurrent symptomatic, objectively confirmed VTE and related deaths during 6 months of treatment occurred in 30 of the 1279 dabigatran patients (2.3%) compared with 28 of the 1289 warfarin patients (2.2%; hazard ratio, 1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64–1.80; absolute risk difference, 0.2%; 95% CI, −1.0 to 1.3;
P
<0.001 for the prespecified noninferiority margin for both criteria). The safety end point, major bleeding, occurred in 15 patients receiving dabigatran (1.2%) and in 22 receiving warfarin (1.7%; hazard ratio, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.36–1.32). Any bleeding occurred in 200 dabigatran (15.6%) and 285 warfarin (22.1%; hazard ratio, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.56–0.81) patients. Deaths, adverse events, and acute coronary syndromes were similar in both groups. Pooled analysis of this study RE-COVER II and the RE-COVER trial gave hazard ratios for recurrent VTE of 1.09 (95% CI, 0.76–1.57), for major bleeding of 0.73 (95% CI, 0.48–1.11), and for any bleeding of 0.70 (95% CI, 0.61–0.79).

Conclusion—
Dabigatran has similar effects on VTE recurrence and a lower risk of bleeding compared with warfarin for the treatment of acute VTE.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifiers: NCT00680186 and NCT00291330.
Efficiency of Conscious Access Improves with Coupling of Slow and Fast Neural Oscillations
Authors: Nakatani Chie , Raffone Antonino , van Leeuwen Cees 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Global workspace access is considered as a critical factor for the ability to report a visual target. A plausible candidate mechanism for global workspace access is coupling of slow and fast brain activity. We studied coupling in EEG data using cross-frequency phase–amplitude modulation measurement between delta/theta phases and beta/gamma amplitudes from two experimental sessions, held on different days, of a typical attentional blink (AB) task, implying conscious access to targets. As the AB effect improved with practice between sessions, theta–gamma and theta–beta coupling increased generically. Most importantly, practice effects observed in delta–gamma and delta–beta couplings were specific to performance on the AB task. In particular, delta–gamma coupling showed the largest increase in cases of correct target detection in the most challenging AB conditions. All these practice effects were observed in the right temporal region. Given that the delta band is the main frequency of the P3 ERP, which is a marker of global workspace activity for conscious access, and because the gamma band is involved in visual object processing, the current results substantiate the role of phase–amplitude modulation in conscious access to visual target representations.
Cambarus (C.) hatfieldi, a new species of crayfish (Decapoda:Cambaridae) from the Tug Fork River Basin of Kentucky, Virginia and West Virginia, USA
Authors: Loughman Zachary J. , FAgundo Raquel A. , Lau Evan , Welsh Stuart A. , Thoma Roger f. 
Published: December 2013

Cambarus (Cambarus) hatfieldi is a stream-dwelling crayfish that appears to be endemic to the Tug Fork River system of West Virginia, Virginia, and Kentucky. Within this region, it is prevalent in all major tributaries in the basin as well as the Tug Fork River’s mainstem. The new species is morphologically most similar to Cambarus sciotensis and Cambarus angularis. It can be differentiated from C. sciotensis by its squamous, subtrinagular chelae compared to the elongate triangular chelae of C. sciotensis; its shorter palm length/palm depth ratio (1.9) compared to C. sciotensis (2.3); and a smaller areola length/total carapace length ratio (30.4% vs.36.5% respectively). Cambarus hatfieldi can be differentiated from C. angularis by its smaller areola length/total carapace length ratio (30.4% vs. 36.7% respectively); a smaller rostrum width/rostral length ratio (59.4% vs. 67.2% respectively); its rounded abdominal pleura as compared to the subtruncated pleura of C. angularis; the length of the central projection and mesial process of C. hatfieldi which both extend to the margin of the gonopod shaft or slightly beyond the margin compared to the central projection of C. sciotensis and C. angularis where both extend well beyond the margin of the gonopod shaft.
Exploratory High-Resolution Climate Simulations using the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM)
Authors: Bacmeister Julio T. , Wehner Michael F. , Neale Richard B. , Gettelman Andrew , Hannay Cecile , Lauritzen Peter H. , Caron Julie M. , Truesdale John E. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Extended, high-resolution (0.23° latitude × 0.31° longitude) simulations with Community Atmosphere Model versions 4 and 5 (CAM4 and CAM5) are examined and compared with results from climate simulations conducted at a more typical resolution of 0.9° latitude × 1.25° longitude. Overall, the simulated climate of the high-resolution experiments is not dramatically better than that of their low-resolution counterparts. Improvements appear primarily where topographic effects may be playing a role, including a substantially improved summertime Indian monsoon simulation in CAM4 at high resolution. Significant sensitivity to resolution is found in simulated precipitation over the southeast United States during winter. Some aspects of the simulated seasonal mean precipitation deteriorate notably at high resolution. Prominent among these is an exacerbated Pacific “double ITCZ” bias in both models. Nevertheless, while large-scale seasonal means are not dramatically better at high resolution, realistic tropical cyclone (TC) distributions are obtained. Some skill in reproducing interannual variability in TC statistics also appears.
The Implications of Physical Injury on Otovestibular and Cognitive Symptomatology following Blast Exposure
Authors: Johnson Christopher M. , Perez Colleen F. , Hoffer Michael E. 
Published: December 2013

ObjectiveIdentify a potential difference in the spectrum of otovestibular and cognitive symptoms in blast‐exposed patients comparing individuals with or without significant extremity injuries.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingA military tertiary care medical center.Subjects and MethodsAll new patient referrals for otovestibular evaluation after a blast injury or exposure were identified in the electronic medical record. One hundred consecutive patients meeting these criteria were studied. Data including presence of severe extremity injuries, diagnosis of mild traumatic brain injury, symptoms of imbalance, vertigo, headache, tympanic membrane perforation, hearing loss, and tinnitus were collected and analyzed.ResultsOf 100 patients included, 38 suffered severe extremity injuries. Those patients with severe extremity injuries were more likely to suffer from tympanic membrane perforations (58% vs 23%, P <. 001, odds ratio [OR], 4.71, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.96‐11.33) and hearing loss (53% vs 23%, P =. 002, OR, 3.81, 95% CI, 1.59‐9.11). However, those without severe extremity injuries were more likely to suffer from imbalance (79% vs 32%, P <. 001, OR, 8.17, 95% CI, 3.26‐20.44) and vertigo (47% vs 2%, P <. 001, OR, 32.52, 95% CI, 4.19‐252.07) and more likely to have been diagnosed with a mild traumatic brain injury following blast exposure (66% vs 26%, P <. 001, OR, 5.47, 95% CI, 2.24‐13.36).ConclusionBlast‐exposed individuals who sustained severe extremity injuries reported significantly fewer cognitive and vestibular symptoms. In the aftermath of a blast, those who can walk away may have still sustained a significant injury. Specifically, they may suffer more long‐term cognitive and vestibular symptoms than those with severe physical injuries.
Validity of European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis Disease Control Assessment and Modifications in Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Snidvongs Kornkiat , Heller Gillian Z. , Sacks Raymond , Harvey Richard J. 
Published: December 2013

ObjectivesTo develop a chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) disease control staging system that predicts patient and physician opinion. This involved exploring the predictive capacity of the proposed European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis (EPOS) 2012 staging system and other potential scoring systems based on patient symptoms and objective criteria.Study DesignProspective study.SettingTertiary hospitals.Subjects and MethodsAdults CRS patients undergoing sinus surgery were prospectively enrolled from a tertiary clinic. The Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test 22, endoscopy score, and systemic medication were recorded at 6 and 12 months. A physician and patient report of their condition as either “controlled,”“partly controlled,” or “uncontrolled” was also recorded. Ordinal regression was used for modeling a staging system. The EPOS criteria and various combinations were assessed. Kappa agreements between the staging systems and patient/physician reports were analyzed.ResultsOne hundred six patients were assessed. Nasal obstruction (P =. 02), endoscopic mucosal inflammation (P <. 001), and thick and/or purulent discharge (P =. 01) associated with progress reports. A modified staging system of Nasal Obstruction, Systemic medication used, and Endoscopic inflammation (NOSE) was selected on predictive strengths. The EPOS and NOSE had significant agreement with physician's (k = 0.29, P <. 01, and k = 0.45, P <. 01) and patient's report (k = 0.18, P =. 01, and k = 0.32, P <. 01).ConclusionsThe disease control assessment by EPOS has slight agreement with patients and a physician. A simpler NOSE system using nasal obstruction, mucosa, and discharge is proposed.
How to improve your PubMed/MEDLINE searches: 2. display settings, complex search queries and topic searching
Authors: Fatehi Farhad , Gray Leonard C , Wootton Richard 
Published: December 2013

Summary The way that PubMed results are displayed can be changed using the Display Settings drop-down menu in the result screen. There are three groups of options: Format, Items per page and Sort by, which allow a good deal of control. The results from several searches can be temporarily stored on the Clipboard. Records of interest can be selected on the results page using check boxes and can then be combined, for example to form a reference list. The Related Citations is a valuable feature of PubMed that can provide a set of similar articles when you have identified a record of interest among the results. You can easily search for RCTs or reviews using the appropriate filters or field tags. If you are interested in clinical articles, rather than basic science or health service research, then the Clinical Queries tool on the PubMed home page can be used to retrieve them.
Biarsenical ligands bind to endogenous G-protein α-subunits and enable allosteric sensing of nucleotide binding
Authors: Tõntson Lauri , Kopanchuk Sergei , Rinken Ago 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Background
Heterotrimeric G-proteins relay extracellular signals to intracellular effector proteins. Multiple methods have been developed to monitor their activity; including labeled nucleotides and biosensors based on genetically engineered G-proteins. Here we describe a method for monitoring unlabeled nucleotide binding to endogenous G-proteins α-subunits in a homogeneous assay based on the interaction of 4′,5′-bis(1,2,3-dithioarsolan-2-yl)-2′,7′-difluorofluorescein (F2FlAsH) with G-protein α-subunits.

Results
The biarsenic fluorescent ligand F2FlAsH binds to various wild-type G-protein α-subunits (αi1, αi2, αi3, αslong, αsshort, αolf, αq, α13) via high affinity As-cysteine interactions. This allosteric label enables real time monitoring of the nucleotide bound states of α-subunits via changes in fluorescence anisotropy and intensity of their F2FlAsH-complexes. We have found that different α-subunits displayed different signal amplitudes when interacting with F2FlAsH, being more sensitive to nucleotide binding to αi, αs, αolf and αq than to α13. Addition of nucleotides to F2FlAsH-labeled α-subunits caused concentration-dependent effects on their fluorescence anisotropy. pEC50 values of studied nucleotides depended on the subtype of the α-subunit and were from 5.7 to 8.2 for GTPγS, from 5.4 to 8.1 for GppNHp and from 4.8 to 8.2 for GDP and lastly up to 5.9 for GMP. While GDP and GMP increased the fluorescence anisotropy of F2FlAsH complexes with αi-subunits, they had the opposite effect on the other αβγM complexes studied.

Conclusions
Biarsenical ligands interact allosterically with endogenous G-protein α-subunits in a nucleotide-sensitive manner, so the presence or absence of guanine nucleotides has an effect on the fluorescence anisotropy, intensity and lifetime of F2FlAsH-G-protein complexes.
Comprehensive analysis of the Corynebacterium glutamicum transcriptome using an improved RNAseq technique
Authors: Pfeifer-Sancar Katharina , Mentz Almut , Rückert Christian , Kalinowski Jörn 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe use of RNAseq to resolve the transcriptional organization of an organism was established in recent years and also showed the complexity and dynamics of bacterial transcriptomes. The aim of this study was to comprehensively investigate the transcriptome of the industrially relevant amino acid producer and model organismCorynebacterium glutamicumby RNAseq in order to improve its genome annotation and to describe important features for transcription and translation.ResultsRNAseq data sets were obtained by two methods, one that focuses on 5′-ends of primary transcripts and another that provides the overall transcriptome with an improved resolution of 3′-ends of transcripts. Subsequent data analysis led to the identification of more than 2,000 transcription start sites (TSSs), the definition of 5′-UTRs (untranslated regions) for annotated protein-coding genes, operon structures and many novel transcripts located between or in antisense orientation to protein-coding regions. Interestingly, a high number of mRNAs (33%) is transcribed as leaderless transcripts. From the data, consensus promoter and ribosome binding site (RBS) motifs were identified and it was shown that the majority of genes inC. glutamicumare transcribed monocistronically, but operons containing up to 16 genes are also present.ConclusionsThe comprehensive transcriptome map ofC. glutamicumestablished in this study represents a major step forward towards a complete definition of genetic elements (e.g. promoter regions, gene starts and stops, 5′-UTRs, RBSs, transcript starts and ends) and provides the ideal basis for further analyses on transcriptional regulatory networks in this organism. The methods developed are easily applicable for other bacteria and have the potential to be used also for quantification of transcriptomes, replacing microarrays in the near future.
A retrospective study of acute pancreatitis in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
Authors: Zhu Yin , Chen You-Xiang , Zhu Yong , Liu Pi , Zeng Hao , Lu Nong-Hua 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Background
Etiological diagnosis is an important part of the diagnosis and treatment of acute pancreatitis. Hantavirus infection is a rare cause of acute pancreatitis, which is easy to ignore. There is a need to analyze clinical features of acute pancreatitis caused by Hantavirus.

Methods
This is a retrospective study conducted from May 1, 2006 to May 31, 2012 on patients diagnosed with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome at our hospital. We reviewed these patients medical records, laboratory results and radiologic examinations to determine the prevalence and summarize clinical features of acute pancreatitis in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.

Results
A total of 218 patients were diagnosed with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome during the 6-year study period. Only 2.8% (6/218) of the total hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome patients were diagnosed with acute pancreatitis. The first symptom for all six of the patients with acute pancreatitis was fever. All six patients experienced hemorrhage and thrombocytopenia during the disease course, which was different from general acute pancreatitis. In addition, we presented two misdiagnosed clinical cases.

Conclusions
Acute pancreatitis is not a frequent complication in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. Clinicians should be alerted to the possibility of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome when acute pancreatitis patients with epidemiological data have high fever before abdominal pain.