bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wideband out‐of‐phase power divider using microstrip to slotline transitions, coupled lines, and shunt open‐ended stubs
Authors: Ahmed Ummee T. , Abbosh Amin M. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThe design of a planar out‐of‐phase power divider with broadband behavior is presented. The proposed device uses broadside coupled microstrip‐slotline‐microstrip transitions at the input port and coupled microstrip lines with shunt open‐ended stubs at the output ports to extend the impedance matching bandwidth at three ports of the device. Moreover, a dumbbell‐shaped slot is located underneath the coupled lines and shunted with a proper chip resistor to improve the isolation between the output ports. The utilized structure is suitable for single layer integration as both the input and output ports are located at the same layer. Following a proper theoretical method based on the even‐odd mode approach and slotline design guidelines, a prototype of the presented device aiming to operate across the band 1–3 GHz is designed, built, and tested. The developed device has overall dimensions of 30 mm × 60 mm using the substrate Rogers RO4003 (dielectric constant = 3.38 and thickness = 0.406 mm). While the device can be used for any wideband application, the developed prototype is designed to operate within the band 1–3 GHz, which is used in most microwave‐based medical imaging applications. The achieved simulated and experimental results show 100% fractional bandwidth (1.1–3.3 GHz) assuming 15 dB of isolation as the reference. The proposed device has equal power division between the two output ports with less than 0.2 dB amplitude imbalance. Moreover, the phase difference between the signals at the two output ports is 180° ± 1° across the frequency band 1–3.5 GHz. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2216–2218, 2015
A compact quad‐band bandpass filter with separate signal paths
Authors: Yan Jun‐Mei , Sun Guo‐Hua , Cao Liang‐Zu 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThis article presents a compact microstrip quad‐band bandpass filter. Each passband has separate signal path, thus, it is convenient to control the passband performance independently. The third passband consists of two electrically coupling half‐wavelength resonators and its input/output coupling adopts the tapped line structure. Meantime, the third passband structure serves as one part of the input/output coupling structure of other three passbands and, for other three passbands, it not only accomplishes the input/output coupling but also provides the direct source‐load coupling which can generate the transmission zeros resulting in high frequency selectivity. Other three passbands are all constructed by two magnetically coupling quarter‐wavelength resonators. The four passband structures are novelly combined together so as to result in a compact size. A prototype filter with the center frequencies of 2.4/3.5/4.5/5.8 GHz is designed, fabricated, and measured. The measured results give a good agreement with the simulated ones, which verifies the effectiveness of the filter. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2156–2160, 2015
Gassmann equations and the constitutive relations for multiple‐porosity and multiple‐permeability poroelasticity with applications to oil and gas shale
Authors: Mehrabian Amin , Abousleiman Younane N. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryMicromechanical characterization of multiple‐porosity and multiple‐permeability fluid‐saturated porous materials from the properties of their single‐porosity constituents is, to date, an open problem in our poromechanics society. This paper offers an in‐depth view to this problem by considering the thermodynamic potential energy density, consistent with Biot's original definition, together with the general thought experiment, which allows for independent control of the sample's confining stress and distinct fluid pore pressures within its individual porosity networks. The complete set of well‐known poroelastic constants, namely, Biot–Willis effective stress, Skempton's pore pressure, and specific storage coefficients, as well as drained, undrained, and Biot moduli for a fluid‐saturated porous material, is herein identified with the reformulated theory. In particular, Gassmann relation for the bulk compressibility of the fluid‐saturated material is accordingly upgraded to the case being addressed in this study.The practical implications of the theory are showcased through a class of analytical solutions to the time‐dependent poroelastic responses of shale to compression, when the hierarchical structure of its porous networks are accounted for at different levels of complexity and inter‐porosity exchange effects. For this purpose, the laboratory setup of a quasi‐2D compression test is considered, in which disk‐shaped fluid‐saturated samples of shale are allowed to drain laterally, while being sealed and confined from the top and bottom. A general closed‐form solution to this problem is derived in the Laplace space, and the inverse numerical results for the cases of single‐porosity, double‐porosity, triple‐porosity, and quadruple‐porosity shale are discussed in the time domain. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Addressing the Present and the Future in Government and Governance: Three approaches to Organising Public Action
Authors: Thynne Ian , Peters B. Guy 
Published: June 2015

SummaryBecause public action matters in all countries and political systems, how it is organised now and in the future must exercise the minds of policy‐makers in and beyond government. In response, we argue that there is considerable merit in having a widely applicable analytical lens through which to look at and assess present arrangements and future possibilities. The lens has multiple dimensions, which we address here in terms of three broad approaches to organising public action. We label these approaches as ‘statism’, ‘state–market dualism’ and ‘state–market–civil society synergism’. Their components and distinctive features are discussed, followed by a consideration of significant application issues and concerns. A fundamental matter is how best to balance the demands of public action and organised responses with the requirements of publicness and legitimacy as systems of government and governance are maintained and reformed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dilemmas in Donor Design: Organisational Reform and the Future of Foreign Aid Agencies
Authors: Gulrajani Nilima 
Published: June 2015

SummaryWith growing uncertainty over the value and impact of traditional bilateral foreign aid to advance development in poor countries, there is disquiet about the future of national public agencies and ministries with responsibility for managing and delivering international assistance. Growing reputational damage to foreign aid has triggered a lively discussion in development policy circles about the best structural configuration for organizing and governing international development functions within donor countries. To date, public administration scholars with expertise in questions of bureaucratic design and performance have yet to weigh in on this debate. This article is an attempt to present current controversies about donor governance and offer guidance for resolving current dilemmas by exploring the potential contributions of public administration. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Public Administration for Development: Trends and the Way Forward
Authors: Puppim de Oliveira Jose A. , Jing Yijia , Collins Paul 
Published: June 2015

SummaryFor more than six decades, Public Administration and Development has witnessed the way practitioners' and scholars' understanding of public administration for development has evolved. This issue has the objective of reviewing the general trends and knowledge gaps and pinpointing new research topics. Several key aspects of public administration for development were discussed in the ‘Symposium on Public Administration for Development: Trends and the Way Forward’. It was held at Fudan University in Shanghai in May–June 2014 to celebrate the 65th anniversary of the journal. This opening essay captures the global trends, setting out its implications for the search into alternative models of public administration and development, particularly reflecting on Asia. The forthcoming Post‐2015 Development Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) promoted by the United Nations will pose major challenges as the public administrations are ill‐prepared to deal with it. The seven essays themselves engage in key areas of unfinished businesses in setting a research agenda for debates in the future. The authors present a comprehensive, state of the art of the knowledge and the main debates in their areas of expertise. In doing so, they cover a wide range of topics that are relevant for practitioners, students and scholars interested in public administration in both transitional and developing countries. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the undetectability of transcoding steganography
Authors: Janicki Artur , Mazurczyk Wojciech , Szczypiorski Krzysztof 
Published: June 2015

AbstractTranscoding Steganography (TranSteg) is a fairly new IP telephony steganographic method that is characterized by a high steganographic bandwidth, low introduced distortions, and high undetectability. TranSteg utilizes compression of the overt data to free space for the secret data bits. In this paper, we focus on evaluating different possibilities for TranSteg detection. Building on the previous works, we perform a wide analysis of different steganalysis methods to assess the possibility of TranSteg detection and identify the most ‘undetectable’ pairs of voice codecs. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
FBXL12-Mediated Degradation of ALDH3 is Essential for Trophoblast Differentiation During Placental Development
Authors: Nishiyama Masaaki , Nita Akihiro , Yumimoto Kanae , Nakayama Keiichi I. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractHow stem cells maintain their stemness or initiate exit from the stem cell state for differentiation remains largely unknown. Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity is a hallmark of stem cells—including embryonic, adult tissue, and cancer stem cells—and is essential for their maintenance. The mechanisms by which ALDH activity is regulated in stem cells have remained poorly understood, however. We now show that the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of ALDH3 mediated by FBXL12 (F box and leucine-rich repeat protein 12) is essential for execution of the differentiation program of trophoblast stem cells (TSCs). FBXL12 is present only in eutherian mammals, and its expression is largely restricted to the placenta during mouse embryogenesis. FBXL12 was found to interact specifically with members of the ALDH3 family and to mediate their polyubiquitylation. Most mice deficient in FBXL12 died during the embryonic or perinatal period probably as a result of abnormal development of the placenta, characterized by impaired formation of the junctional zone. ALDH3 accumulated in the FBXL12-deficient placenta, and forced expression of ALDH3 in wild-type TSCs phenocopied the differentiation defect of FBXL12-deficient TSCs. Conversely, inhibition of ALDH3 activity by gossypol rescued the phenotype of FBXL12 deficiency. Our results suggest that FBXL12 plays a key role in the downregulation of ALDH3 activity in TSCs and thereby initiates trophoblast differentiation during placental development. Stem Cells 2015;33:3327–3340
Using Shaun Tan's Work to Foster Multiliteracies in 21st‐Century Classrooms
Authors: Dallacqua Ashley K. , Kersten Sara , Rhoades Mindi 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis paper explores work in multimodality and design as it relates to 21st century multiliteracies. After outlining the concept of a multiliteracies pedagogy, this paper describes multimodality and multimodal texts. Moving from the theoretical to the practical, this paper primarily explores selected multimodal works of Shaun Tan and the opportunities they open to bring a multiliteracies pedagogy to classrooms. It provides approachable pedagogical strategies that can be successful in a variety of classrooms. We conclude that Tan's work ultimately acts as an accessible resource for educators striving to employ multiliteracies practices and bring multimodal texts into their classrooms.
Paying less but harvesting more: the effect of unconscious acceptance in regulating frustrating emotion
Authors: Ding NanXiang , Yang JieMin , Liu YingYing , Yuan JiaJin 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Previous studies indicate that emotion regulation may occur unconsciously, without the cost of cognitive effort, while conscious acceptance may enhance negative experiences despite having potential long-term health benefits. Thus, it is important to overcome this weakness to boost the efficacy of the acceptance strategy in negative emotion regulation. As unconscious regulation occurs with little cost of cognitive resources, the current study hypothesizes that unconscious acceptance regulates the emotional consequence of negative events more effectively than does conscious acceptance. Subjects were randomly assigned to conscious acceptance, unconscious acceptance and no-regulation conditions. A frustrating arithmetic task was used to induce negative emotion. Emotional experiences were assessed on the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale while emotion- related physiological activation was assessed by heart-rate reactivity. Results showed that conscious acceptance had a significant negative affective consequence, which was absent during unconscious acceptance. That is, unconscious acceptance was linked with little reduction of positive affect during the experience of frustration, while this reduction was prominent in the control and conscious acceptance groups. Instructed, conscious acceptance resulted in a greater reduction of positive affect than found for the control group. In addition, both conscious and unconscious acceptance strategies significantly decreased emotion-related heart-rate activity (to a similar extent) in comparison with the control condition. Moreover, heart-rate reactivity was positively correlated with negative affect and negatively correlated with positive affect during the frustration phase relative to the baseline phase, in both the control and unconscious acceptance groups. Thus, unconscious acceptance not only reduces emotion-related physiological activity but also better protects mood stability compared with conscious acceptance. This suggests that the clinical practice of acceptance therapy may need to consider using the unconscious priming of an accepting attitude, instead of intentionally instructing people to implement such a strategy, to boost the efficacy of acceptance in emotion regulation.
Hydrogeochemistry of Purna Alluvial Basin, Central India
Authors: Srivastava Ashok K. , Parimal Pravin S. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract:
Hydrogeochemical status of the Purna alluvial basin, Maharashtra has been interpreted on the basis of 158 groundwater samples collected from dug wells (60) i.e., shallow aquifer and bore wells (98) i.e., deep aquifer each during pre- and post-monsoon periods of the year 2009. The samples were analyzed for their physicochemical parameters i.e., pH, EC, TDS, Ca, Mg, Na, K, TH, Al, Cl, SO4, NO3 and HCO3. The mean values of cation concentration show a trend of Na&gt;Ca&gt;Mg&gt;K, while anions are in order of HCO3&gt;Cl&gt;SO4&gt;NO3 from both deep and shallow aquifers. The plot of chemical data on Piper’s trilinear diagram reveals that majority of the groundwater samples fall in the fields of alkalis exceeding alkaline earths, weak acids exceeding strong acids, carbonate hardness exceeding 50%, and no cation and anion pairs exceeding 50%. The cationic and anionic triangular fields of the diagram show that sodium-potassium type (Na+K) of water is dominant in the cationic, and bicarbonate type (HCO3) in the anionic category. The analytical data also reveal the existence of six groundwater facies in the area, i.e., (i) Ca-Mg-HCO3, (ii) Na-Cl, (iii) Na-HCO3, (iv) Ca-Cl, (v) Na-Ca-HCO3 (mixed type) and, (vi) Ca–Mg-Cl (mixed type). Ca-Mg-HCO3 facies is predominant in the northern, northeastern, eastern, southeastern and northwestern peripheries of the alluvial basin. Na-Cl and Na-HCO3, facies are confined to certain parts of the eastern and central regions, as well as in a few small patches along the Purna river channel. These areas are represented by moderate to high salinity. Na-Cl-SO4 facies is limited to a small patch situated in the central part of the basin representing excess concentrations of sodium and chloride. Water of Na-Ca-HCO3 (mixed type) is the most dominant covering most of the area on both sides of the Purna main channel in the eastern, central and western regions. Two small patches having Ca-Mg-Cl type of water has also been identified in the basin area.
Local is not always better: the impact of climate information on values, behavior and policy support
Authors: Schoenefeld Jonas J. , McCauley Michelle R. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
In the current research, we experimentally examined the effect of providing local or global information about the impacts of climate change on individuals’ perceived importance of climate change and on their willingness to take action to address it, including policy support. We examined these relationships in the context of individuals’ general value orientations. Our findings, from 99 US residents, suggest that different kinds of climate information (local, global, or none) interact with values vis-à-vis our dependent variables. Specifically, while self-transcendent values predict perceived importance and pro-environmental behavior across all three information conditions, the effect on policy support is less clear. Furthermore, we detected a “reactance effect” where individuals with self-enhancing values who read local information thought that climate change was less important and were less willing to engage in pro-environmental behavior and support policy than self-enhancing individuals in the other information conditions. These results suggest that policy makers and public communicators may want to be cognizant of their audience’s general value orientation. Local information may not only be ineffective but may also prove counterproductive with individuals whose value orientations are more self-enhancing than self-transcendent.
Study on the correlation between the concentration of plasma lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A2 and coronary heart disease
Authors: Cen Jin‐Ming , Cheng Jie , Xiong Qing‐Yuan , Mei Bai‐Qiang , Cai Wei‐Biao , Yang Xi‐Li 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObjectiveThis study explores the correlation between plasma lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A2 (Lp‐PLA2) and coronary heart disease (CHD) by comparing the level of plasma Lp‐PLA2 in the plasma of patients with different types of CHD.MethodsBlood samples were collected from 56 patients diagnosed with CHD by the Department of Cardiology of the First People's Hospital of Foshan and 34 healthy subjects from February 2013 to January 2014. We measured the concentration of plasma Lp‐PLA2 and determined the levels of total cholesterol (Tch), triglyceride (TG), apolipoprotein A1 (Apo‐A1), apolipoprotein B (Apo‐B), high density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (HDL‐c), low density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (LDL‐c), lipoprotein a (Lp(a)), glucose (Glu), and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP). The concentration of plasma Lp‐PLA2 in the healthy control group and each subgroup of CHD patients were compared and analyzed for correlations of plasma Lp‐PLA2 between the patients in different CHD subgroups and several laboratory indicators.ResultsThe concentration of plasma Lp‐PLA2 in each subgroup of CHD was significantly higher than in the control group (P < 0.05). The concentration of Lp‐PLA2 in the unstable angina pectoris (UAP) group and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) group were significantly higher than in the stable angina pectoris (SAP) group (P < 0.05), and the concentration of plasma Lp‐PLA2 in the AMI group was significantly higher than in the UAP group (P < 0.05). The concentration of plasma Lp‐PLA2 in the CHD group merely showed a positive correlation (r = 0.493, P < 0.05) with the hs‐CRP group, but the levels of Tch, TG, Apo‐A1, Apo‐B, HDL‐c, LDL‐c, Lp(a) and Glu did not.ConclusionsThe concentration of plasma Lp‐PLA2 in patients with CHD was higher than that in the control group. The concentration of plasma Lp‐PLA2 in the subgroups of CHD patients varied greatly from each other. The inflammatory response of atherosclerosis might be resulted from the synergy of plasma Lp‐PLA2 and hs‐CRP.
Biofilms in chronic rhinosinusitis: what is new and where next?
Authors: Ramakrishnan Y , Shields R C , Elbadawey M R , Wilson J A 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackground:Chronic rhinosinusitis is a common, heterogeneous condition. An effective means of mitigating disease in chronic rhinosinusitis patients remains elusive. A variety of causes have been implicated, with the biofilm theory gaining increasing prominence.Objective:This article reviews the literature on the role of biofilms in chronic rhinosinusitis, in terms of pathophysiology and with regard to avenues for future treatment.Methods:A systematic review of case series was performed using databases with independently developed search strategies, including Medline, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane library, and Zetoc, in addition to conference proceedings and a manual search of literature, with the last search conducted on 18 January 2014. The search terms included the following, used in various combinations to maximise the yield of articles identified: ‘biofilms’, ‘chronic rhinosinusitis’, ‘DNase’, ‘extracellular DNA’ and ‘biofilm dispersal’.Results:The existing evidence lends further support for the role of biofilms (particularly theStaphylococcus aureusphenotype) in more severe, recalcitrant disease and poorer surgical outcomes.Conclusion:Multimodality treatment, with a shift in paradigm to incorporate anti-biofilm strategies, is likely to form the mainstay of future recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis management.
Gender differences in the structure of risk for alcohol use disorder in adolescence and young adulthood
Authors: Foster K. T. , Hicks B. M. , Iacono W. G. , McGue M. 
Published: June 2015

Background.Gender differences in the prevalence of alcohol use disorder (AUD) have motivated the separate study of its risk factors and consequences in men and women. However, leveraging gender as a third variable to help account for the association between risk factors and consequences for AUD could elucidate etiological mechanisms and clinical outcomes.Method.Using data from a large, community sample followed longitudinally from 17 to 29 years of age, we tested for gender differences in psychosocial risk factors and consequences in adolescence and adulthood after controlling for gender differences in the base rates of AUD and psychosocial factors. Psychosocial factors included alcohol use, other drug use, externalizing and internalizing symptoms, deviant peer affiliation, family adversity, academic problems, attitudes and use of substances by a romantic partner, and adult socio-economic status.Results.At both ages of 17 and 29 years, mean levels of psychosocial risks and consequences were higher in men and those with AUD. However, the amount of risk exposure in adolescence was more predictive of AUD in women than men. By adulthood, AUD consequences were larger in women than men and internalizing risk had a stronger relationship with AUD in women at both ages.Conclusions.Despite higher mean levels of risk exposure in men overall, AUD appears to be a more severe disorder in women characterized by higher levels of adolescent risk factors and a greater magnitude of the AUD consequences among women than men. Furthermore, internalizing symptoms appear to be a gender-specific risk factor for AUD in women.