bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gating of a novel brain potential is associated with perceptual anomalies in bipolar disorder
Authors: Patterson Julie V , Sandman Curt A , Jin Yi , Kemp Aaron S , Potkin Steven G , Bunney William E 
Published: March 2013

Patterson JV, Sandman CA, Jin Y, Kemp AS, Potkin SG, Bunney WE Jr. Gating of a novel brain potential is associated with perceptual anomalies in bipolar disorder.  Bipolar Disord 2013: 00: 000–000. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd.Objectives:  Our laboratory recently identified the P85 gating ratio as a candidate biomarker for bipolar disorder. In order to evaluate the phenomenological significance of P85 gating, the current study examined reports of perceptual anomalies and their relationship to the P50 and P85 physiological measures of sensory gating.Methods:  Reports of perceptual anomalies on the Structured Clinical Interview to Assess Perceptual Anomalies were compared in patients meeting DSM‐IV criteria for paranoid schizophrenia (n = 66), schizoaffective disorder (n = 45), or bipolar I disorder (n = 42), and controls (n = 56), as well as their relationship with P85 and P50 gating.Results:  The bipolar disorder group reported significantly more auditory, visual, and total anomalies than both the schizophrenia and control groups. The schizophrenia group also had more anomalies than the control group. Comparison of psychiatric subgroups revealed that the bipolar depressed, bipolar disorder with psychosis, and schizoaffective bipolar type groups reported the most anomalies compared to the other patient groups (bipolar disorder without psychosis, schizoaffective, bipolar manic). The total perceptual anomalies score and the P85 ratio significantly differentiated the bipolar disorder, schizoaffective, and paranoid schizophrenia groups from each other.Conclusions:  These findings provide evidence of the phenomenological significance of P85. The results also yield further support not only for the P85 ratio, but also for increased reports of perceptual anomalies as possible markers for bipolar disorder.
Inhibition of ejaculation by the non‐peptide oxytocin receptor antagonist GSK557296: a multi‐level site of action
Authors: Clément Pierre , Bernabé Jacques , Compagnie Sandrine , Alexandre Laurent , McCallum Stewart , Giuliano François 
Published: March 2013

Background and PurposeOxytocin (OT) plays a major role in the control of male sexual responses. Notably, blockade of OT receptors has been reported to inhibit ejaculation in animals. The study aimed to investigate the action of a highly selective, non‐peptide OT antagonist GSK557296 in a model of pharmacologically induced ejaculation in anaesthetized rats. The site of action was assessed by investigating different delivery routes for this compound.Experimental ApproachUrethane‐anaesthetized Wistar rats were implanted with a cerebral ventricle cannula for i.c.v. injections or with a subdural catheter for intrathecal (i.t.) GSK557296 injections. Occurrence of ejaculation was assessed following i.v. 7‐hydroxy‐2‐(di‐N‐propylamino)tetralin (7‐OH‐DPAT), a dopamine D3 receptor agonist. In addition, seminal vesicle pressures (SVP) and bulbospongiosus muscle (BS) EMG were recorded as physiological markers of emission and expulsion phases of ejaculation respectively.Key ResultsHighest i.v. GSK557296 dose reduced occurrence of ejaculation and increases in SVP but had no effect on BS‐EMG. I.c.v. GSK557296 dose dependently inhibited ejaculation, increases in SVP and BS contractions. At spinal thoracic level, GSK557296 dose dependently inhibited ejaculation and increases in SVP but BS‐EMG was impaired only with the highest dose. When delivered at lumbar level, GSK557296 dose dependently inhibited ejaculation, increases in SVP and BS contractions.Conclusions and ImplicationsIn the 7‐OH‐DPAT‐induced ejaculation model, GSK557296 acts peripherally and centrally to inhibit ejaculation with different modalities. Blockade of brain OT receptors seems to be the most effective mechanism of action. Targeting central OT receptors with highly selective antagonist seems a promising approach for the treatment of premature ejaculation.
Do Entry Regulations Deter Entrepreneurship and Job Creation? Evidence from Recent Reforms in Portugal
Authors: Branstetter Lee , Lima Francisco , Taylor Lowell J. , Venâncio Ana 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
We evaluate the consequences of a recent regulatory reform in Portugal, which substantially reduced the cost of firm entry. Our analysis uses matched employer–employee data, which provide unusually rich information on the characteristics of founders and employees associated with new firms before and after the reform. We find that the short‐term consequences of the reform were as one would predict with a standard economic model of entrepreneurship: the reform resulted in increased firm formation and employment, but mostly among ‘marginal firms’ that would have been most readily deterred by existing heavy entry regulations. These marginal firms were typically small, owned by relatively poorly educated entrepreneurs, and operating in low‐technology sectors (agriculture, construction and retail trade). In comparison to firms that entered in the absence of the reform, these marginal firms were less likely to survive their first two years.
Association between metabolic syndrome and functional outcome in patients with acute ischaemic stroke
Authors: Oh M. Y. , Ko S. B. , Lee S. H. , Kim C. , Ryu W. S. , Kim C. H. , Yoon B. W. 
Published: March 2013

Background and purposeThere is a paucity of information on the role of metabolic syndrome (MetS) as a prognosticator after ischaemic stroke. We investigated the association between MetS and functional outcome in patients with acute ischaemic stroke.MethodsWe evaluated 691 consecutive patients with acute stroke who were admitted to a tertiary medical center between January 2007 and June 2011. We defined MetS as having three or more of the five cardinal cardiovascular risk factors. Unfavorable functional outcome was determined using responder analysis, in which the outcome was adjusted by the initial severity of the stroke. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between MetS and unfavorable outcomes (UnFO).ResultsAmong 691 patients, 277 patients were classified as having an UnFO. The association between MetS and UnFO remained significant after adjusting for possible confounders; the adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) was 1.57 (1.13–2.19). The risk for UnFO was positively associated with the number of MetS components.ConclusionsMetS may be a potent predictor of functional outcome after ischaemic stroke.
Predictive value of brain and vascular imaging including intracranial vessels in transient ischaemic attack patients: external validation of the ABCD3‐I score
Authors: Purroy F. , Jiménez‐Caballero P. E. , Mauri‐Capdevila G. , Torres M. J. , Gorospe A. , Ramírez Moreno J. M. , de la Ossa N. P. , Cánovas D. , Arenillas J. , Álvarez‐Sabín J. , Martínez Sánchez P. , Fuentes B. , Delgado‐Mederos R. , Martí‐Fàbregas J. , Rodríguez Campello A. , Masjuán J. ,   from the PROMAPA study: Stroke Project, Cerebrovascular Diseases Study Group, Spanish Neurological Society
Published: March 2013

Background and purposeRecently, brain and vascular imaging have been added to clinical variables to identify patients with transient ischaemic attack (TIA) with a high risk of stroke recurrence. The aim of our study was to externally validate the ABCD3‐I score and the same score taking into account intracranial circulation.MethodsWe analyzed data from 1137 patients with TIA from the PROMAPA study who underwent diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) within 7 days of symptom onset. Clinical variables and diagnostic work‐up were recorded prospectively. The end‐points were subsequent stroke at 7 and 90 days follow‐up.ResultsA total of 463 (40.7%) subjects fulfilled all inclusion criteria. During follow‐up, eight patients (1.7%) had a stroke within 7 days, and 14 (3.1%) had a stroke within 3 months. In the Cox proportional hazard multivariate analyses, the combination of large‐artery atherosclerosis and positive DWI remained as independent predictors of stroke recurrence at 7‐ and 90‐day follow‐up [HR 8.23, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.89–23.46, P < 0.001]. The ABCD3‐I score was a powerful predictor of subsequent stroke. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.83 (95% CI 0.72–0.93) at 7 days and 0.69 (95% CI 0.53–0.85) at 90 days. When we include intracranial vessel disease in the score, the area under the curve increases but the difference observed was non‐significant.ConclusionThe inclusion of vascular and neuroimaging information to clinical scales (ABCD3‐I score) provides important prognostic information and also helps management decisions, although it cannot give a complete distinction between high‐risk and low‐risk groups.
Natural Experimentation Is a Challenging Method for Identifying Headache Triggers
Authors: Houle Timothy T. , Turner Dana P. 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveIn this study, we set out to determine whether individual headache sufferers can learn about the potency of their headache triggers (causes) using only natural experimentation.BackgroundHeadache patients naturally use the covariation of the presence‐absence of triggers with headache attacks to assess the potency of triggers. The validity of this natural experimentation has never been investigated. A companion study has proposed 3 assumptions that are important for assigning causal status to triggers. This manuscript examines one of these assumptions, constancy in trigger presentation, using real‐world conditions.MethodsThe similarity of day‐to‐day weather conditions over 4 years, as well as the similarity of ovarian hormones and perceived stress over a median of 89 days in 9 regularly cycling headache sufferers, was examined using several available time series. An arbitrary threshold of 90% similarity using Gower's index identified similar days for comparison.ResultsThe day‐to‐day variability in just these 3 headache triggers is substantial enough that finding 2 naturally similar days for which to contrast the effect of a fourth trigger (eg, drinking wine vs not drinking wine) will only infrequently occur. Fluctuations in weather patterns resulted in a median of 2.3 days each year that were similar (range 0‐27.4). Considering fluctuations in stress patterns and ovarian hormones, only 1.5 days/month (95% confidence interval 1.2‐2.9) and 2.0 days/month (95% confidence interval 1.9‐2.2), respectively, met our threshold for similarity.ConclusionAlthough assessing the personal causes of headache is an age‐old endeavor, the great many candidate triggers exhibit variability that may prevent sound conclusions without assistance from formal experimentation or statistical balancing.
Migraine‐Like Accompanying Features in Patients With Cluster Headache. How Important Are They?
Authors: Zidverc‐Trajkovic Jasna , Podgorac Ana , Radojicic Aleksandra , Sternic Nadezda 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundAccording to the International Classification of Headache Disorders diagnostic criteria, the differences between migraine and cluster headache (CH) are clear. In addition to headache attack duration and pain characteristics, the symptoms accompanying headache represent the key features in a differential diagnosis of these 2 primary headache disorders. Just a few studies of patients with CH exist examining the presence of nausea, vomiting, photophobia, phonophobia, and aura, the features commonly accompanying migraine headache.The aim of this study was to determine the presence of migraine‐like features (MF) in patients with CH and establish the significance of these phenomena related to other clinical features and response to treatment.MethodsOne hundred and fifty‐five patients with CH were studied, and 24.5% of them experienced at least one of MF during every CH attack. Nausea and vomiting were the most frequently reported MF. The clinical presentation between CH patients with and without MF was not significantly different with the exception of aggravation of pain by effort (20.6% vs 4.1%) and facial sweating (13.2% vs 0.85%), both more frequent in CH patients with MF.ConclusionInferred from the results of our study, the presence of MF in CH patients had no important influence on the diagnosis and treatment of CH patients. The major differences of these 2 primary headache disorders, attack duration, lateralization, and the nature of associated symptoms, as delineated in the International Classification of Headache Disorders, are still useful tools for effective diagnosis.
How Aware Are Migraineurs of Their Triggers?
Authors: Baldacci Filippo , Vedovello Marcella , Ulivi Martina , Vergallo Andrea , Poletti Michele , Borelli Paolo , Nuti Angelo , Bonuccelli Ubaldo 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundBroad discrepancies in the number of migraine triggers have been reported in several studies. Migraineurs do not seem to recognize easily headache triggers in clinical practice.ObjectiveTo evaluate how aware migraineurs are about their headache triggers.Materials and methodsWe recruited 120 consecutive migraineurs. Each patient was first asked to report spontaneously any migraine trigger. Subsequently, the patient selected from a list of commonly known triggers.ResultsNinety‐seven patients (72.5%) spontaneously reported at least 1 migraine trigger, and 120 patients (100%) reported at least 1 migraine trigger selecting from a specific list of precipitants. The mean number of spontaneously identified triggers was 1.5 (±1.5), and the total number of triggers identified was 7.20 (±3.9).ConclusionsA relevant discrepancy between the number of spontaneously recognized triggers and the total number of triggers was found. This may suggest that migraineurs display poor awareness about headache triggers.
Hemicrania Continua Responsive to Botulinum Toxin Type A: A Case Report
Authors: Khalil Modar , Ahmed Fayyaz 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundHemicrania continua (HC) is a primary headache disorder with full response to indomethacin as one of its diagnostic criteria; however, indomethacin's side effects could limit its use in HC.Case ResultWe report a 33‐year‐old lady whose headache fulfilled the criteria for HC, but the patient developed gastric side effect to indomethacin and did not respond to other pharmacological treatments; however, injecting botulinum toxin type A has led to complete resolution of all of her symptoms.DiscussionWe hypothesize the mechanism by which botulinum toxin type A has led to our results through reviewing recent functional neuroimaging findings used to understand the pathophysiology of different primary headache disorders
Effects of pegylated interferon‐α‐2a monotherapy on growth in Japanese children with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Tsunoda Tomoyuki , Inui Ayano , Kawamoto Manari , Sogo Tsuyoshi , Komatsu Haruki , Fujisawa Tomoo 
Published: March 2013

AimThe relationship between pegylated interferon (PEG IFN)‐α‐2a and growth of children with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) remains unclear. This study was to evaluate the effects of PEG IFN‐α‐2a on growth.MethodsFrom 2003–2012, we prospectively analyzed the data of children with CHC through mother‐to‐infant transmission. They were all treatment naive and were treated with PEG IFN‐α‐2a monotherapy.ResultsAmong 31 children (19 boys, 12 girls; median age, 6 years) treated with monotherapy during the study period, 21 children (13 boys, eight girls; median age, 7 years) were statistically analyzed. The median treatment period of the 21 children was 48 weeks (range, 48–72). Z‐scores of height and weight before treatment, at the end of treatment and 1 year after treatment were −0.05, −0.24 and −0.12 (height), and +0.11, −0.23 and −0.05 (weight). Both Z‐scores were significantly decreased at the end of the treatment. One year after treatment, Z‐scores of height and bodyweight were significantly improved compared with that of end of treatment but were still lower than those before treatment, with statistical significance. Z‐scores of height growth velocity was significantly increased after the treatment (+0.71), compared with that during treatment (−2.25).ConclusionPEG IFN‐α‐2a has an inhibitory effect on children's growth, and Z‐scores of height and bodyweight were decreased at the end of treatment. Although Z‐scores improved after the treatment, they had not returned to the baseline level 1 year after the treatment.
Stability of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA levels among interferon‐naïve HIV/HCV‐coinfected individuals treated with combination antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Grint D , Peters L , Reekie J , Soriano V , Kirk O , Knysz B , Suetnov O , Lazzarin A , Ledergerber B , Rockstroh JK , Mocroft A ,   EuroSIDA in EuroCoord
Published: March 2013

ObjectivesInfection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of chronic liver disease. High HCV RNA levels have been associated with poor treatment response. This study aimed to examine the natural history of HCV RNA in chronically HCV/HIV‐coinfected individuals.MethodsMixed models were used to analyse the natural history of HCV RNA changes over time in HIV‐positive patients with chronic HCV infection.ResultsA total of 1541 individuals, predominantly White (91%), male (73%), from southern (35%) and western central Europe (23%) and with HCV genotype 1 (58%), were included in the analysis. The median follow‐up time was 5.0 years [interquartile range (IQR) 2.8 to 8.3 years]. Among patients not on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), HCV RNA levels increased by a mean 27.6% per year [95% confidence interval (CI) 6.1−53.5%; P = 0.0098]. Among patients receiving cART, HCV RNA levels were stable, increasing by a mean 2.6% per year (95% CI −1.1 to 6.5%; P = 0.17). Baseline HCV RNA levels were 25.5% higher (95% CI 8.8 to 39.1%; P = 0.0044) in individuals with HCV genotype 1 compared with HCV genotypes 2, 3 and 4. A 1 log HIV‐1 RNA copies/mL increase in HIV RNA was associated with a 10.9% increase (95% CI 2.3 to 20.2%; P = 0.012) in HCV RNA.ConclusionsWhile HCV RNA levels increased significantly in patients prior to receiving cART, among those treated with cART HCV RNA levels remained stable over time.
Released potential: A qualitative study of the Mental Health Nurse Incentive Program in Australia
Authors: Hurley John , Browne Graeme , Lakeman Richard , Angking DoRhen , Cashin Andrew 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe Mental Health Nurse Incentive Program (MHNIP) is a Commonwealth Government funded scheme that supports people living with a mental illness. Despite its significance, the program has received little attention from researchers nor critical discussion within the published work. This paper first critically examines the MHNIP from the contexts of identities, autonomy, and capabilities of mental health nurses (MHN) and then reports on findings from a qualitative study that explored the experiences of staff working in the MHNIP. Key findings from this qualitative study include four main themes indicating that both the program and the nurses working within it are addressing the unmet needs of people living with a mental illness. They achieve these ends by adopting holistic and consumer‐centred approaches and by providing a wide range of therapeutic interventions. As well, the MHN in this study valued the freedom and autonomy of their practice outside public health services and the respect received from colleagues working in other disciplines. Findings suggest that MHN within the study were experienced as having autonomous identities and roles that may be in contrast to the restrictive understandings of MHN capability within the program's funding rules.
Precise and Accurate In Situ Determination of Lead Isotope Ratios in NIST, USGS, MPI‐DING and CGSG Glass Reference Materials using Femtosecond Laser Ablation MC‐ICP‐MS
Authors: Kaiyun Chen , Honglin Yuan , Zhian Bao , Chunlei Zong , Mengning Dai 
Published: March 2013

Lead isotope ratio data were obtained with good precision and accuracy using a 266 nm femtosecond laser ablation (fLA) system connected to a multi‐collector ICP‐MS (MC‐ICP‐MS) and through careful control of analytical procedures. The mass fractionation coefficient induced by 266 nm femtosecond laser ablation was approximately 28% lower than that by 193 nm excimer laser ablation (eLA) with helium carrier gas. The exponential law correction method for Tl normalisation with optimum adjusted Tl ratio was utilised to obtain Pb isotopic data with good precision and accuracy. The Pb isotopic ratios of the glass reference materials NIST SRM 610, 612, 614; USGS BHVO‐2G, BCR‐2G, GSD‐1G, BIR‐1G; and MPI‐DING GOR132‐G, KL2‐G, T1‐G, StHs60/80‐G, ATHO‐G and ML3B‐G were determined using fLA‐MC‐ICP‐MS. The measured Pb isotopic ratios were in good agreement with the reference or published values within 2s measurement uncertainties. We also present the first high‐precision Pb isotopic data for GSE‐1G, GSC‐1G, GSA‐1G and CGSG‐1, CGSG‐2, CGSG‐4 and CGSG‐5 glass reference materials obtained using the femtosecond laser ablation MC‐ICP‐MS analysis technique.
Nurse aide decision making in nursing homes: factors affecting empowerment
Authors: Chaudhuri Tanni , Yeatts Dale E , Cready Cynthia M 
Published: March 2013

Aims and objectivesTo evaluate factors affecting structural empowerment among nurse aides in nursing homes.BackgroundStructural empowerment can be defined as the actual rather than perceived ability to make autonomous decisions within an organisation. Given the paucity of research on the subject, this study helps to close the gap by identifying factors that affect nurse aide empowerment, that is, decision‐making among nurse aides.MethodsThe data for the study come from self‐administered questionnaires distributed to direct‐care workers (nurse aides) in 11 nursing homes in a southern state in the USA. Ordinary least square regression models were estimated to analyse the effects of demographic predictors, personal factors (competency, emotional exhaustion and positive attitude) and structural characteristics (coworker and supervisor support, information availability and shared governance) on nurse aide decision‐making.ResultsFindings suggest race among demographic predictors, emotional exhaustion among personal characteristics, and supervisor support, and shared governance among structural factors, significantly affect nurse aide decision‐making.ConclusionIt is important to explore race as one of the central determinants of structural empowerment among nurse aides. In addition, the nature and type of emotional exhaustion that propels decision‐making needs to be further examined.Relevance to clinical practiceThe study shows the importance of shared governance and supervisor support for fostering nurse aide empowerment.