bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individual support plans of people with intellectual disabilities in residential services: content analysis of goals and resources in relation to client characteristics
Authors: Herps M. A. , Buntinx W.H.E. , Schalock R. L. , van Breukelen G. J. P. , Curfs L. M. G. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundGoals and objectives as mentioned in Individual Support Plans (ISPs) were analysed to explore what domains of quality of life they are associated with, what support resources are referenced for achieving the goals, and how domains and resources are related to clients age, gender and intellectual disability (ID) level.MethodA total of 209 ISPs for persons with ID from eight residential Dutch service provider organisations were analysed. Mixed linear regression analyses were conducted to examine the relations between client characteristics and the content of goals and support resources.ResultsResults showed that ISPs of people with mild and moderate ID had significantly more goals related to independence and social participation as compared to the ISPs of people with severe and profound ID. ISPs of clients with profound ID addressed quality of life factors related to ‘well‐being’ more than ISPs of all other clients. ISPs of people aged 20–34 years had significantly more goals on independence than the two other age groups. ISPs of people under the age of 50 had significantly fewer goals with respect to well‐being than found in ISPs of older people. Regarding the use of resources, 42.6% of the ISP goals were associated with resources from specialised services, 31.5% associated with natural resources and 25.9% associated with a combination of both natural and specialised services. In ISPs of people with mild ID, natural resources are more often mentioned, and specialised service‐based resources are less often mentioned than for other people.ConclusionsThis study offers empirical feedback on ISP practices in the field of ID in the Netherlands. In light of current ISP practices, results suggest that attention should be paid to: (1) distinguishing between a ‘service contract’ and an ISP; (2) keeping a focus on the whole person in all age groups and levels of functioning and (3) involving the service recipient in ISP development and implementation.
Inhibition of myeloperoxidase at the peak of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis restores blood–brain barrier integrity and ameliorates disease severity
Authors: Zhang Hao , Ray Avijit , Miller Nichole M. , Hartwig Danielle , Pritchard Kirkwood A. , Dittel Bonnie N. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractOxidative stress is thought to contribute to disease pathogenesis in the central nervous system (CNS) disease multiple sclerosis (MS). Myeloperoxidase (MPO), a potent peroxidase that generates toxic radicals and oxidants, is increased in the CNS during MS. However, the exact mechanism whereby MPO drives MS pathology is not known. We addressed this question by inhibiting MPO in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) using our non‐toxic MPO inhibitor N‐acetyl lysyltyrosylcysteine amide (KYC). We found that therapeutic administration of KYC for 5 days starting at the peak of disease significantly attenuated EAE disease severity, reduced myeloid cell numbers and permeability of the blood–brain barrier. These data indicate that inhibition of MPO by KYC restores blood–brain barrier integrity thereby limiting migration of myeloid cells into the CNS that drive EAE pathogenesis. In addition, these observations indicate that KYC may be an effective therapeutic agent for the treatment of MS.
image
We propose that during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) onset macrophages and neutrophils migrate into the CNS and upon activation release myeloperoxidase (MPO) that promotes disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and disease progression. KYC restores BBB function by inhibiting MPO activity and in so doing ameliorates disease progression.
Activity of the enantiomers of erythro‐3‐hydroxyaspartate at glutamate transporters and NMDA receptors
Authors: Foster Alan C. , Li Yong‐Xin , Runyan Stephen , Dinh Tim , Venadas Steven , Chen June , Pashikanti Srinath , Datta Apurba , Ehring George , Staubli Ursula 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe enantiomers of erythro‐3‐hydroxyaspartate were tested for activity at glutamate transporters and NMDA receptors. Both enantiomers inhibited glutamate transporters in rat hippocampal crude synaptosomes and elicited substrate‐like activity at excitatory amino acid transporter 1, 2, and 3 as measured by voltage clamp in the Xenopus oocyte expression system. The enantiomers had similar affinities, but the D‐enantiomer showed a lower maximal effect at excitatory amino acid transporter 1, 2, and 3 than the L‐enantiomer. Surprisingly, D‐erythro‐3‐hydroxyaspartate was a potent NMDA receptor agonist with an EC50 value in rat hippocampal neurons of 320 nM, whereas the L‐enantiomer was 100‐fold less potent. L‐erythro‐3‐hydroxyaspartate showed activity at both glutamate transporters and NMDA receptors at concentrations that are reported to inhibit serine racemase, indicating a lack of selectivity. This enantiomeric pair may assist in shedding further light on the structural requirements for substrate activity at glutamate transporters and for agonist activity at NMDA receptors.
imageThe erythro enantiomers of 3‐hydroxyaspartate had interesting and surprising effects on glutamate neurotransmitter systems. L‐erythro‐3‐hydroxyaspartate had activity at both glutamate transporters (EAAT1/2/3) and NMDA receptors. D‐erythro‐3‐hydroxyaspartate acted on EAATs, but was also identified as a highly potent NMDA receptor agonist. These enantiomers shed further light on the structural requirements for activity at EAATs and NMDA receptors.
Predicting Driver's Intention Based on Own Vulnerability: A Social Interaction Process between Road Users at an Intersection in Japan
Authors: Kinosada Yasunori , Usui Shinnosuke 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWhen road users predict the future movement of an approaching vehicle at an intersection, they need to consider not only the physical environment but also the predicted behavioral intention of the approaching driver. In the present experiments, we asked participants to imagine how a vehicle would approach in a natural traffic environment. In Experiment 1, participants estimated the time‐to‐contact with an approaching vehicle as longer when they were physically vulnerable. In Experiment 2, we confirmed that differences in participants’ eye height did not explain the findings of Experiment 1. In Experiment 3, we asked participants to indicate the last possible moment at which they could cross an intersection in front of an approaching vehicle. Participants left a shorter safety margin when they were more physically vulnerable than the approaching vehicle. The results indicate that road users’ perceived vulnerability is a cue for them to trust the approaching driver's intention to decelerate. This viewpoint is important for interventions to prevent unrealistic trust that an approaching vehicle will avoid an accident and subsequent trust‐based behaviors.
The Mental Health Predictors of Indonesian EPA Nurses and Certified Care Worker Candidates in Japan
Authors: Nugraha Susiana , Ohara‐Hirano Yuko 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis study was performed to identify predictors of the mental health of Indonesian nurse and certified care worker candidates who migrated to Japan under the Japan‐Indonesia Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) 1 year after they migrated to Japan. A total of 92 people participated in this study. Twenty‐eight of the study participants were nurse candidates, and 64 of them were certified care worker candidates. Using the mental health status measured by the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ‐12) as the dependent variable, this cross‐sectional study aimed to identify the most appropriate model of mental health predictors for each occupation in the post‐migration stage using multiple linear regression analyses. The results showed that the mental health prediction model was different for the two occupational groups. Each predictor and the characteristics of the occupations will be discussed.
In vivo activity of cefquinome against Riemerella anatipestifer using the pericarditis model in the duck
Authors: Qiu Z. , Cao C. , Qu Y. , Lu Y. , Sun M. , Zhang Y. , Zhong J. , Zeng Z. 
Published: November 2015

Cefquinome is a fourth‐generation cephalosporin with broad‐spectrum antibacterial activity, including activity against enteric gram‐negative bacilli such as Riemerella anatipestifer. The pericarditis model was used to examine the pharmacodynamic characteristics of cefquinome against R. anatipestifer. Serum levels of cefquinome following the administration of different doses were determined by LC‐MS/MS. Ducks with ca. 106 CFU/mL at the initiation of therapy were treated with cefquinome at doses that ranged from 0.0156 to 2 mg/kg of body weight/day (in 3, 6, 12, or 24 divided doses) for 24 h. The percentage of a 24‐h dosing interval that the unbound serum cefquinome concentrations exceeded the MIC (fT > MIC) were the pharmacokinetic (PK)–pharmacodynamic (PD) parameter that best correlated with efficacy (R2 86.3% for R. anatipestifer, compared with 58.9% for the area under the concentration–time curve/MIC and 10.6% for peak/MIC). A sigmoid Emax model was used to estimate the magnitudes of the %fT > MIC associated with net bacterial stasis, a 1‐log10 CFU reduction from baseline, and a 2‐log10 CFU reduction from baseline; the corresponding values were (22.5 ± 1.3) %, (35.2 ± 4.5) %, and (42.4 ± 2.7) %. These data showed that treatment with cefquinome results in marked antibacterial effects in qvivo against R. anatipestifer and that the host's immunity may also play a key role in the anti‐infective therapy process.
On the Significance of Difference‐Making Principles
Authors: Vahid Hamid 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIt has been claimed that difference‐making plays important roles in both metaphysics and epistemology. The idea is that facts often make a difference to other facts. Thus, causes are said to make a difference to their effects, and the world is thought to make a difference to what is believed. One way to cash out this idea is in terms of the notion of counterfactual dependence between the facts in question. It has recently been objected by some philosophers, however, that the counterfactual‐dependence account misrepresents the difference‐making idea, prompting them to offer a different, weaker construal of the idea in question, which, they claim, illuminates a number of problems in both epistemology and metaphysics. This article, while acknowledging that the difference‐making idea is a genuine constraint on some of our concepts, challenges the claim that the weaker interpretation has significant philosophical potentials and, having delineated its real function, spells out the lessons that should be drawn from its failure.
The Problem of Necessary and Sufficient Conditions and Conceptual Analysis
Authors: Shaffer Michael J. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn this article the standard philosophical method involving intuition‐driven conceptual analysis is challenged in a new way. This orthodox approach to philosophy takes analysanda to be the specifications of the content of concepts in the form of sets of necessary and sufficient conditions. Here it is argued that there is no adequate account of what necessary and sufficient conditions are. So, the targets of applications of the standard philosophical method so understood are not sufficiently well understood for this method to be dependable.
Depressive state as an initial symptom for subdural abscess
Authors: Fukui Takao , Ueda Akihiro , Murate Ken‐ichiro , Hikichi Chika , Ito Shinji , Asakura Kunihiko , Mutoh Tatsuro 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA 47‐year‐old man with a subdural abscess was initially diagnosed with endogenous depression at another hospital. He presented with a chronic illness, but without any typical symptoms, such as headache and fever. Antidepressants were ineffective and brain magnetic resonance imaging showed areas of abnormal high‐signal intensity along the surface of the bilateral frontoparietal lobes. We diagnosed him with a subdural abscess based on magnetic resonance imaging and cerebrospinal fluid findings, which was successfully managed with antibiotic treatment alone. This case highlights the possibility that depressive state can be an initial symptom of a subdural abscess.
Neurotoxicity, general anesthesia in young children, and a survey of current pediatric anesthesia practice at US teaching institutions
Authors: Ward Christopher G. , Hines Scott J. , Maxwell Lynne G. , McGowan Francis X. , Sun Lena S. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryBackgroundRecent articles in both scholarly journals and the lay press about the topic of anesthetic related neurotoxicity have increased the awareness and discussion of this topic with parents and other pediatric medical specialties (i.e., surgeons, radiologists, and pediatricians).AimThe purpose of the present study was to survey how a subset of pediatric anesthesia departments in the US have responded to the issue of anesthetic related neurotoxicity in terms of clinical practice, training and communication with other medical specialties, and the frequency and timing of discussions with families.MethodsA survey consisting of 22 questions was sent to PALC (Pediatric Anesthesia Leadership Council) & PAPDA (Pediatric Anesthesia Program Directors Association) via SurveyMonkey. The survey was divided into sections on Anesthesia Faculty/Trainees, Parents and Non‐Anesthesia Providers. Responses to the survey were solicited via email to PALC and PAPDA, and then followed up with reminders to individual emails using the mailing lists of both organizations.ResultsThe results of this survey demonstrate that pediatric anesthesia programs around the US do not have a consistent approach in managing the topic of anesthesia‐related neurotoxicity with pediatric anesthesiologists, anesthesiology residents, pediatric anesthesiology fellows and their non‐anesthesia medical and surgical colleagues, as well as the discussion of this topic with parents.ConclusionA significant need exists to provide information to other pediatric professionals and parents. A consistent message from all providers that includes what is known, and indeed more importantly what is not known may be a useful approach.
Exacerbated and prolonged inflammation impairs wound healing and increases scarring
Authors: Qian Li‐Wu , Fourcaudot Andrea B. , Yamane Kazuyoshi , You Tao , Chan Rodney K. , Leung Kai P. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAltered inflammation in the early stage has long been assumed to affect subsequent steps of the repair process that could influence proper wound healing and remodeling. However, the lack of explicit experimental data makes the connection between dysregulated wound inflammation and poor wound healing elusive. To bridge this gap, we used the established rabbit ear hypertrophic scar model for studying the causal effect of dysregulated inflammation. We induced an exacerbated and prolonged inflammatory state in these wounds with the combination of trauma‐related stimulators of pathogen‐associated molecular patterns from heat‐killed Pseudomonas aeruginosa and damage‐associated molecular patterns from a dermal homogenate. In stimulated wounds, a heightened and lengthened inflammation was observed based on quantitative measurements of IL‐6 expression, tissue polymorphonuclear leukocytes infiltration, and tissue myeloperoxidase activity. Along with the high level of inflammation, wound healing parameters (epithelial gap and others) at postoperative day 7 and 16 were significantly altered in stimulated wounds compared to unstimulated controls. By postoperative day 35, scar elevation of stimulated wounds was higher than that of control wounds (scar elevation index: 1.90 vs. 1.39, p < 0.01). Moreover, treatment of these inflamed wounds with Indomethacin (at concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, and 0.4%) reduced scar elevation but with adverse effects of delayed wound closure and increased cartilage hypertrophy. In summary, successful establishment of this inflamed wound model provides a platform to understand these detrimental aspects of unchecked inflammation and to further test agents that can modulate local inflammation to improve wound outcomes.
CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE APOCALYPTIC IMAGINATION: SCIENCE, FAITH, AND ECOLOGICAL RESPONSIBILITY
Authors: Moo Jonathan 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe use of apocalyptic and post apocalyptic narratives to interpret the risk of environmental degradation and climate change has been criticized for (1) too often making erroneous predictions on the basis of too little evidence, (2) being ineffective to motivate change, (3) leading to a discounting of present needs in the face of an exaggerated threat of impending catastrophe, and (4) relying on a pre‐modern, Judeo‐Christian mode of constructing reality. Nevertheless, “Apocalypse,” whether understood in its technical sense as “revelation” or in its popular sense as “end of the world as we know it,” remains a powerful way of creatively reimagining the world and of introducing questions of value and significance into discussions of climate change.
Technical Note: Development and validation of an open data format for CT projection data
Authors: Chen Baiyu , Duan Xinhui , Yu Zhicong , Leng Shuai , Yu Lifeng , McCollough Cynthia 
Published: November 2015

Purpose:Lack of access to projection data from patient CT scans is a major limitation for development and validation of new reconstruction algorithms. To meet this critical need, this work developed and validated a vendor‐neutral format for CT projection data, which will further be employed to build a library of patient projection data for public access.Methods:A digital imaging and communication in medicine (DICOM)‐like format was created for CT projection data (CT‐PD), named the DICOM‐CT‐PD format. The format stores attenuation information in the DICOM image data block and stores parameters necessary for reconstruction in the DICOM header under various tags (51 tags to store the geometry and scan parameters and 9 tags to store patient information). To validate the accuracy and completeness of the new format, CT projection data from helical scans of the ACR CT accreditation phantom were acquired from two clinical CT scanners (Somatom Definition Flash, Siemens Healthcare, Forchheim, Germany and Discovery CT750 HD, GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI). After decoding (by the authors for Siemens, by the manufacturer for GE), the projection data were converted to the DICOM‐CT‐PD format. Off‐line CT reconstructions were performed by internal and external reconstruction researchers using only the information stored in the DICOM‐CT‐PD files and the DICOM‐CT‐PD field definitions.Results:Compared with the commercially reconstructed CT images, the off‐line reconstructed images created using the DICOM‐CT‐PD format are similar in terms of CT numbers (differences of 5 HU for the bone insert and −9 HU for the air insert), image noise (±1 HU), and low contrast detectability (6 mm rods visible in both). Because of different reconstruction approaches, slightly different in‐plane and cross‐plane high contrast spatial resolution were obtained compared to those reconstructed on the scanners (axial plane: GE off‐line, 7 lp/cm; GE commercial, 7 lp/cm; Siemens off‐line, 8 lp/cm; Siemens commercial, 7 lp/cm. Coronal plane: Siemens off‐line, 6 lp/cm; Siemens commercial, 8 lp/cm).Conclusions:A vendor‐neutral extended DICOM format has been developed that enables open sharing of CT projection data from third‐generation CT scanners. Validation of the format showed that the geometric parameters and attenuation information in the DICOM‐CT‐PD file were correctly stored, could be retrieved with use of the provided instructions, and contained sufficient data for reconstruction of CT images that approximated those from the commercial scanner.
Evolution and dispersal of mammoths across the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Lister A. M. , Sher A. V. 
Published: November 2015

Moving mammothsMammoths are a particularly charismatic example of our Pleistocene megafuana. Lister and Sher took a detailed look at mammoth fossils globally and suggest that the North American Columbian mammoth, thought to have arisen from a European species, probably evolved from a more advanced Asian species. Similar dispersal events of Asian mammoths led to later colonization events in Europe and North America.Science, this issue p.805
Persistence of Antibody to Influenza A/H5N1 Vaccine Virus: Impact of AS03 Adjuvant
Authors: Chen Wilbur H. , Jackson Lisa A. , Edwards Kathryn M. , Keitel Wendy A. , Hill Heather , Noah Diana L. , Creech C. Buddy , Patel Shital M. , Mangal Brian , Kotloff Karen L. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT
The adjuvant AS03 is stockpiled for future formulations with new and existing vaccines for the control of pandemic influenza virus. We previously reported the immunogenicity of an A/H5N1 vaccine extemporaneously mixed with the AS03 adjuvant for 42 days following vaccination. This report extends those findings to 1 year after vaccination.
Whole-Genome Sequence of Mycobacterium bovis BCG-1 (Russia)
Authors: Ludannyy R. , Alvarez Figueroa M. , Levi D. , Markelov M. , Dedkov V. , Aleksandrova N. , Shipulin G. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT

BCG vaccine (
Mycobacterium bovis
BCG-1 [Russia]) is the most important component of tuberculosis prophylaxis in Russia. This study represents the complete genome sequence and genetic characteristics of
M. bovis
BCG-1 (Russia), which has been used to manufacture BCG vaccine in Russia and in some other countries.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Halostagnicola
sp. A56, an Extremely Halophilic Archaeon Isolated from the Andaman Islands
Authors: Kanekar Sagar P. , Saxena Neha , Pore Soham D. , Arora Preeti , Kanekar P. P. , Dhakephalkar P. K. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT

The first draft genome of
Halostagnicola
sp. A56, isolated from the Andaman Islands is reported here. The A56 genome comprises 3,178,490 bp in 26 contigs with a G+C content of 60.8%. The genome annotation revealed that A56 could have potential applications for the production of polyhydroxyalkanoate or bioplastics.
Epidemiology Analysis of Streptococcus pyogenes in a Hospital in Southern Taiwan by Use of the Updated
emm
Cluster Typing System
Authors: Chiang-Ni Chuan , Zheng Po-Xing , Wang Shu-Ying , Tsai Pei-Jane , Chuang Woei-Jer , Lin Yee-Shin , Liu Ching-Chuan , Wu Jiunn-Jong 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT

emm
typing is the most widely used molecular typing method for the human pathogen
Streptococcus pyogenes
(group A streptococcus [GAS]).
emm
typing is based on a small variable region of the
emm
gene; however, the
emm
cluster typing system defines GAS types according to the nearly complete sequence of the
emm
gene. Therefore,
emm
cluster typing is considered to provide more information regarding the functional and structural properties of M proteins in different
emm
types of GAS. In the present study, 677 isolates collected between 1994 and 2008 in a hospital in southern Taiwan were analyzed by the
emm
cluster typing system.
emm
clusters A-C4, E1, E6, and A-C3 were the most prevalent
emm
cluster types and accounted for 67.4% of total isolates.
emm
clusters A-C4 and E1 were associated with noninvasive diseases, whereas E6 was significantly associated with both invasive and noninvasive manifestations. In addition,
emm
clusters D4, E2, and E3 were significantly associated with invasive manifestations. Furthermore, we found that the functional properties of M protein, including low fibrinogen-binding and high IgG-binding activities, were correlated significantly with invasive manifestations. In summary, the present study provides updated epidemiological information on GAS
emm
cluster types in southern Taiwan.