bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of pain from urinary tract infection
Authors: Rosen John M , Klumpp David J 
Published: May 2014

Abstract: The pain response to urinary tract infection is largely uncharacterized, but the symptomatic response to urinary tract infection contrasts with the lack of pain response among individuals with asymptomatic bacteriuria. Quantifying pelvic pain in a murine urinary tract infection model, uropathogenic Escerichia coli induces transient pelvic pain, whereas an asymptomatic bacteriuria E. coli isolate causes no pain, thus recapitulating the spectrum of clinical responses to intravesical E. coli. These differential pain responses are not correlated with bladder colonization or inflammation, but instead are intrinsic to E. coli lipopolysaccharide and dependent on the lipopolysaccharide receptor, TLR4. Epidemiological data suggest a link between interstitial cystitis and a history of urinary tract infection, so it was evaluated whether repetitive uropathogenic E. coli instillation would result in chronic pain through central sensitization. Although repeated infection with wild type uropathogenic E. coli results in only transient episodes of acute pain, a uropathogenic E. coli mutant lacking O‐antigen causes chronic, post‐urinary tract infection pelvic pain. Similarly, a K‐12 E. coli strain lacking O‐antigen induces chronic pain that persisted long after bacterial clearance, and expressing O‐antigen nullified the pain phenotype. Spinal cords isolated from mice with post‐urinary tract infection chronic pain showed deficits in short‐term depression consistent with central sensitization. Deleting O‐antigen gene complex from a uropathogenic E. coli strain and subsequent heterologous expression of O‐antigen gene clusters shows that a single bacterial isolate can exhibit pain phenotypes ranging from a null phenotype, an acute pain phenotype, to a chronic pain phenotype. Post‐urinary tract infection chronic pain is also associated with voiding dysfunction and anxious/depressive behavior. These effects are also mediated by TRPV1 at the level of pain establishment and CCR2 at the level of pain maintenance. Together, these findings show that transient infection with E. coli might result in chronic visceral pain with the hallmarks of neuropathic pain. This pattern of behaviors mimics the spectrum of interstitial cystitis symptoms, thus supporting the possibility of an infectious etiology of interstitial cystitis.
Hypersensitive bladder: A solution to confused terminology and ignorance concerning interstitial cystitis
Authors: Homma Yukio 
Published: May 2014

AbstractTaxonomy or nomenclature concerning interstitial cystitis and its related symptom syndromes is in a state of confusion. After analyzing the reasons for confusion in regard to three components (disease name, symptoms, Hunner's lesion), I would like to propose a new term, “hypersensitive bladder”, taking after overactive bladder, as a solution. Hypersensitive bladder symptoms are defined as “increased bladder sensation, usually associated with urinary frequency and nocturia, with or without bladder pain.” The proposal of hypersensitive bladder is based on: (i) it does not appear a symptom syndrome, but a disease by ending with an organ name, “bladder”; (ii) it does not contain confusable symptom terms (pain and urgency), but indicates irritative symptoms including pain and urgency; and (iii) it suggests pathophysiological hyperactivity of sensory nerves. Interstitial cystitis is defined by three requirements: (i) hypersensitive bladder symptoms; (ii) bladder pathology; and (iii) no other diseases, where bladder pathology should be clearly stated either as Hunner's lesion or glomerulations after hydrodistention. Hypersensitive bladder can be used for the condition with hypersensitive bladder symptoms, but no obvious disease explaining hypersensitive bladder symptoms identified. Interstitial cystitis is a representative disease causing hypersensitive bladder symptoms, most typically with pain, but might be painless and indistinguishable from overactive bladder. Introducing hypersensitive bladder as a counter concept of overactive bladder into bladder dysfunction taxonomy will facilitate clinical practice and research progress, and attract considerable attention from the medical world.
Efficacy and safety of augmentation ileocystoplasty combined with supratrigonal cystectomy for the treatment of refractory bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis with Hunner's lesion
Authors: Kim Hyung Joon , Lee Jae Seong , Cho Won Jin , Lee Hyo Serk , Lee Ha Na , You Hyun Wook , Jung Wonho , Lee Kyu‐Sung 
Published: May 2014

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of augmentation ileocystoplasty with supratrigonal cystectomy for the treatment of refractory bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis patients with Hunner's lesion.MethodsOf 45 patients who underwent augmentation ileocystoplasty with supratrigonal cystectomy between July 2006 and June 2012, 40 patients (33 women, 7 men) were included in the analysis. Primary outcome was the change in the O'Leary–Sant interstitial cystitis symptoms/problem index from baseline to 1, 3 and 6 months. Changes in pain, urgency, frequency, functional bladder capacity and maximal cystometric capacity were also assessed. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were evaluated.ResultsMedian preoperative symptom duration was 5.0 years (range 3.0–6.0 years). Pain decreased significantly after surgery (8.3 vs 1.3, P < 0.001). Functional bladder capacity and maximal cystometric capacity increased, whereas frequency, urgency and nocturia decreased significantly after surgery (all P < 0.001). At 6 months, significant improvements in the interstitial cystitis symptom index (17.8 vs 9.9, P < 0.001) and interstitial cystitis problem index (14.6 vs 6.5, P < 0.001) compared with baseline were noted. Seven patients developed vesicoureteral reflux and seven patients had acute pyelonephritis that resolved with antibiotic treatment. Five patients required clean intermittent self‐catheterization. None of the preoperative factors were significant predictors of treatment failure.ConclusionsAugmentation ileocystoplasty with supratrigonal cystecomy decreased pain and frequency, and increased bladder capacity significantly. There were no severe complications related to surgery during follow up. Augmentation ileocystoplasty with supratrigonal cystectomy is therefore an appropriate final treatment strategy for refractory bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis patients with Hunner's lesion.
Development and evaluation of an E‐health system to care for patients with bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis
Authors: Lee Ming‐Huei , Wu Huei‐Ching , Lin Jen‐Yung , Tan Tan‐Hsu , Chan Po‐Chou , Chen Yung‐Fu 
Published: May 2014

ObjectivesBladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC) is a chronic disease that highly degrades the quality of life for patients. In the present study, Internet intervention was used to care for bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis patients to alleviate their pain and bothering symptoms.MethodsHealthcare education was carried out through the Internet by asking the patients, who were randomly divided into study (40 patients) and control (40 patients) groups, to check possible sensitive foods, habits, and behaviors weekly to remind and consolidate important rules for promoting quality of life. The symptom flares consultation through short message service with the Internet used to elevate healthcare efficiency was undertaken. Questionnaires, including Short Form 36 health survey, O'Leary–Sant symptom and problem indices, as well as visual analog scales pain and urgency scales, were used to evaluate quality of life and disease severity improvements before and after information and communication technology intervention. The outcome was evaluated at week 8.ResultsThe quality of life of both the control and study groups was significantly improved. The quality of life and visual analog scales for the patients in the study group with information and communication technology intervention showed a much greater improvement compared with the patients in the control group (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe E‐health system was shown to be effective in improving quality of life of bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis patients through intervention of Internet healthcare education and short message service for the consolidation of healthy behavior and lifestyle in the 8‐week follow up.
Urethral sensation: Basic mechanisms and clinical expressions
Authors: Birder Lori A , de Wachter Stefan , Gillespie James , Wyndaele Jean Jacques 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA prerequisite for conscious bladder control is adequate sensory input to the central nervous system, and it is well established that changes in sensory mechanisms can give rise to disturbances in bladder function. Impulses related to the desire to void are believed to course through the pelvic nerves, and those for sensation of a full bladder course through the pudendal nerves. The sense of imminent micturition most probably resides in the urethra, and the desire to void comes from stretching the bladder wall. In addition, a variety of structures play an important role in terms of urethral closure (such as the urethral epithelium, vasculature and smooth muscle) that are necessary to maintain continence. This overview will discuss mechanisms related in part to the urethra involved in activation of bladder reflexes and sensation with a discussion on the mucosa (urothelium and underlying lamina propria) and underlying cellular structures.
A Review and Comparison of Bandwidth Selection Methods for Kernel Regression
Authors: Köhler Max , Schindler Anja , Sperlich Stefan 
Published: May 2014

SummaryOver the last decades, several methods for selecting the bandwidth have been introduced in kernel regression. They differ quite a bit, and although there already exist more selection methods than for any other regression smoother, one can still observe coming up new ones. Given the need of automatic data‐driven bandwidth selectors for applied statistics, this review is intended to explain and, above all, compare these methods. About 20 different selection methods have been revised, implemented and compared in an extensive simulation study.
Unani treatment and leech therapy saved the diabetic foot of a patient from amputation
Authors: Zaidi SM Arif 
Published: May 2014

AbstractEvery 30 seconds, a lower limb amputation is carried out due to diabetes throughout the world. The mortality rate due to diabetic foot gangrene is just next to that of cancer. As tissue death cannot be reversed, surgical removal of the affected tissue (debridement) or amputation of the limb is the only treatment option left when gangrene has advanced. The present case study illustrates an option to treat poorly healing diabetic wounds with Unani medicine (blood purifier and deobstruent) besides hirudotherapy. The study was performed on a 60‐year‐old woman suffering from diabetic foot (on the left) grade 5 and facing the prospect of imminent amputation. The patient was having severe pain (80 mm on a 100 mm visual analogue scale) in the gangrenous foot and foul‐smelling with necrosed areas. Wound dressing was done with unripe papaya as it has a very good role in clearing necrotising area and hirudotherapy was also used in poorly healing wounds. The pain score decreased to 0–10 mm on a 100 mm visual analogue scale within 20 days and no further pain relieving medication was required. Over a time interval of nearly 3·5 months, necrotic areas disappeared and the wound was completely healed.
Dermabrasion for Showers of Seborrheic Keratoses
Authors: Brown Gary R. , Burks James W. , Farber George A. 
Published: May 2014

Seborrheic keratoses, skin tumors of undetermined etiology, are easily traumatized with consequent local irritation and inflammation, and are cosmetically undesirable. They can occasionally undergo malignant degeneration. A rapid increase in size and number of these lesions is thought by many to be a sign of internal malignancy.Dermabrasion using a diamond fraise is a simple and fast method for removing multiple seborrheic keratoses with minimal trauma, rapid healing, and good cosmetic results.
Understanding the Relationship Between Lateral Spread of Freeze and Depth of Freeze
Authors: Torre Douglas 
Published: May 2014

The predictable relationship between lateral spread of freeze and depth of freeze is a keystone concept in the clinical evaluation of “depth dose” of cryosurgical procedures. This relationship can be readily determined and understood by carrying out simple experiments using potato models and checked directly by measurements on patients.When using specialized treatment methods such as the “cone‐spray” technique with liquid nitrogen, it is necessary to limit the technique to properly selected cases and to spray the treated surfaces evenly if the predictable ratio of depth of freeze to lateral spread of freeze is to be used.
Review of Relevant Literature
Authors: Bennett Richard G. 
Published: May 2014

Predicting the Course of a Congenital Hemangioma. Hal G. Bingham, M.D. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 63:161–166, 1979.The Cyrano Nose: A Clinical Review of Hemangiomas of the Nasal Tip. Hugh G. Thomson, M.D., and Michael Lanigan, M.D. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 63:155–160, 1979.Percutaneous Anaesthesia for Dermabrasion. Lars‐Ola Pettersson and Jan Olof Strömbeck. Scand. J. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 12:287–290, 1978.
Comparison of Treatment Modalities for Epidermal Nevus: A Case Report and Review
Authors: Fox Barbara J. , Lapins Nikolajs A. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractFor the past 2 years, we have been treating a teenage girl for a disfiguring, extensive, inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus (ILVEN). In this one patient, we examined the efficacy of numerous treatment modalities and compared our results with those reported in the literature. In our experience, cryotherapy using liquid nitrogen proved to be the most successful therapy, and we have subsequently used it to treat almost all of this patient's lesions. Although cryotherapy does not provide an easy or dramatic cure, we believe it does produce reasonably good cosmetic results.
Amelanotic Melanoma Presenting as Bowen's Disease
Authors: Goldberg David J. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAmelanotic melanoma is an uncommon clinical variant of malignant melanoma. Clinical diagnosis of such neoplasms is often difficult and requires a high index of suspicion. Although primary amelanotic melanoma usually presents as a vascular or ulcerated nodule, other unusual presentations have been noted. Described herein is a case of amelanotic melanoma presenting as Bowen's disease.
Cryo‐Curettage of Cherry Angiomas
Authors: Aversa Anthony J. , Miller O. Fred 
Published: May 2014

AbstractCherry angiomas pose a cosmetic problem in some patients. The most commonly recommended treatment modalities in the past have been electrodesiccation and cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen. This report describes a simple and quick technique for removal of cherry angiomas with excellent cosmetic results using a topical anesthetic refrigerant spray and a sharp curet. Patients experience minimal discomfort.
LASER CORNER: Laser Therapy of Bowenoid Papulosis and Bowen's Disease
Authors: Landthaler Michael , Haina Dieter , Brunner Reinhold , Waidelich Wilhelm , Braun‐Falco Otto 
Published: May 2014

AbstractSix patients with bowenoid papulosis and two patients with Bowen's disease of the genital area were treated by means of an argon, Nd:YAG, and CO2 laser. In all of the patients, complete resolution of the lesions was achieved. Due to a superficial coagulating effect, application of the argon laser should be restricted to macular and papular pigmented lesions. In contrast, Nd:YAG and CO2 lasers could be used even for treatment of extensive leukoplakia‐like and verrucous lesions. Advantages and disadvantages of these two lasers are discussed.
Medium‐Depth Chemical Peeling of the Skin: A Variation of Superficial Chemosurgery
Authors: Brody Harold J. , Hailey Chenault W. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractMedium‐depth chemical peeling of the skin is an intermediate procedure between superficial trichloroacetic acid application and deep phenolic cauterant application. Combining solid carbon dioxide with trichloroacetic acid promotes both epidermal and dermal regeneration. The technique for treatment of actinic degeneration, acne scarring, rhytids, and pigmentary aberrations is presented.
In UV‐B Irradiated Rice High Levels of Mn Limits Chloroplasts Injury Triggered by Oxidative Stress
Authors: Lidon F. C. , Ramalho J. C. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe molecular mechanism to control the oxidative burst exerted by Mn accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants, grown in hydroponics containing 0.5, 2 and 8 mg l–1 Mn and irradiated with a total biological effective UV‐B irradiation of 20.825 kJ m−2, was investigated in the chloroplasts at the 15th and 21st days after germination. In both experimental periods, Mn accumulation kinetics in the leaves and in the chloroplast lamellae displayed overall increases. Coupled to higher membrane selectivity, superoxide production and acyl lipids peroxidation in the thylakoids decreased, prompting upper rates of the Hill and Mehler reactions. Connected to UV‐B irradiation, higher accumulated Mn in thylakoids was found to be chelated in a 36.5 kDa protein, with Mn/protein ratio of about 1 and high content of Gln, Asp, Glu, Leu and Gly, being its EPR spectrum characteristic of high‐spin Mn(II), in a S = 5/2 ground state. As this protein exhibited enzymatic catalysis of superoxide dismutation, it was concluded that, under UV‐B irradiation, the high internal tolerance of Oryza sativa L. to Mn during the vegetative growth also triggers the synthesis of a manganese protein that mimics superoxide dismutase functioning, therefore furnishing an additional intimate protection against oxidative stress.
Fostering supportive community connections through mothers' groups and playgroups
Authors: Strange Cecily , Fisher Colleen , Howat Peter , Wood Lisa 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to explore the ways that mothers' groups and playgroups support families with children aged 0–5 years and foster community connectedness in newer residential communities in Perth, Western Australia.BackgroundThe transition to parenthood is a time of increased support need. Changing community demography has resulted in a loss of traditional support structures and an increased need for local community initiatives to support families with young children.DesignA qualitative descriptive design was used for this initial phase of a mixed methods sequential exploratory study.MethodData were collected between December 2011–August 2012. Interviews and focus groups conducted with 39 mothers provided insights from 16 mothers' groups and 13 playgroups. In addition, interviews were undertaken with three child health nurses and four local government early childhood staff.FindingsFor the participants in this study, mothers' groups and playgroups provided opportunities to learn about parenting, to build a supportive network, to forge friendships and a connectedness to the local community. The families who relocated often experienced isolation until new groups and social networks were found. In general, where participation in mothers' groups and playgroups facilitated relationships with others from the local community, connectedness to that community was reported by participants to be enhanced.ConclusionMothers' groups and playgroups provide important community development opportunities and appear to help reduce potential isolation for mothers with young children. The findings are of interest to nurses and other health professionals working with families with young children.
Sexual health risks and health‐seeking behaviours among substance‐misusing women
Authors: Edelman Natalie Lois , Patel Harish , Glasper Anthony , Bogen‐Johnston Leanne 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAimsTo report on a survey of sexual health service needs among substance‐misusing women attending a substance misuse service.BackgroundSubstance‐misusing women carry a disproportionate burden of sexual ill health, yet the range and frequency of their sexual health risks, morbidities and service engagement are poorly understood.DesignA cross‐sectional survey of a convenience sample of substance‐misusing women attending a substance misuse service.MethodsFrom 4 April 2010–17 September 2010, substance‐misusing women in Hastings & Ore, UK, were invited to complete a paper questionnaire addressing: drug use; cervical cytology, sexually transmitted infection and HIV screening history; pregnancy history, perceived pregnancy risk and contraceptive advice and supply; sexual activity and assault. Of 91 respondents, 77 attended local drug treatment services – results comprise analysis of this sub‐sample.ResultsThe study sample was characterized by long‐term opioid and crack cocaine use. Of 53% sexually active in the previous 4 weeks, 66% perceived they had experienced sexual intercourse that could lead to pregnancy during that time. Fifty‐five per cent had been forced to have sex against their will during their lifetime. High rates of sexually transmitted infections, pregnancy termination, miscarriage and abnormal cervical cytology were reported.ConclusionsFindings indicate the need to recognize the breadth of elevated sexual health risks and morbidities experienced by substance‐misusing women with long‐term opioid/crack use, including those not identifying as intravenous drug users. Poor recall of drop‐in and appointment times, reluctance to disclose substance misuse and likelihood of previous sexual assault present significant challenges to nurses, who must take a sensitive, opportunistic approach to referral and provision of sexual health interventions to substance‐misusing women.