bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transverse Anderson localization of light near Dirac points of photonic nanostructures
Authors: Deng Hanying , Chen Xianfeng , Malomed Boris A. , Panoiu Nicolae C. , Ye Fangwei 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe perform a comparative study of the Anderson localization of light beams in disordered layered photonic nanostructures that, in the limit of periodic layer distribution, possess either a Dirac point or a Bragg gap in the spectrum of the wavevectors. In particular, we demonstrate that the localization length of the Anderson modes increases when the width of the Bragg gap decreases, such that in the vanishingly small bandgap limit, namely when a Dirac point is formed, even extremely high levels of disorder are unable to localize the optical modes residing near the Dirac point. A comparative analysis of the key features of the propagation of Anderson modes formed in the Bragg gap or near the Dirac point is also presented. Our findings could provide valuable guidelines in assessing the influence of structural disorder on the functionality of a broad array of optical nanodevices.
The dynamic process and microscopic mechanism of extraordinary terahertz transmission through perforated superconducting films
Authors: Wu J. B. , Zhang X. , Jin B. B. , Liu H. T. , Chen Y. H. , Li Z. Y. , Zhang C. H. , Kang L. , Xu W. W. , Chen J. , Wang H. B. , Tonouchi M. , Wu P. H. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSuperconductor is a compelling plasmonic medium at terahertz frequencies owing to its intrinsic low Ohmic loss and good tuning property. However, the microscopic physics of the interaction between terahertz wave and superconducting plasmonic structures is still unknown. In this paper, we conducted experiments of the enhanced terahertz transmission through a series of superconducting NbN subwavelength hole arrays and employed microscopic hybrid wave model in theoretical analysis of the role of hybrid waves in the enhanced transmission. The theoretical calculation provided a good match of experimental data. In particular, we obtained the following results. When the width of the holes is far below wavelength, the enhanced transmission is mainly caused by localized resonance around individual holes. On the contrary, when the holes are large, hybrid waves scattered by the array of holes dominate the extraordinary transmission. The surface plasmon polaritions are proved to be launched on the surface of superconducting film and the excitation efficiency increases when the temperature approaches critical temperature and the working frequency goes near energy gap frequency. This work will enrich our knowledge on the microscopic physics of extraordinary optical transmission at terahertz frequencies and contribute to developing terahertz plasmonic devices.
Niche differentiation of bacterial communities at a millimeter scale in Shark Bay microbial mats
Authors: Wong Hon Lun , Smith Daniela-Lee , Visscher Pieter T. , Burns Brendan P. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractModern microbial mats can provide key insights into early Earth ecosystems and Shark Bay, Australia, holds one of the best examples of these systems. Identifying the spatial distribution of microorganisms with mat depth facilitates a greater understanding of specific niches and potentially novel microbial interactions. High throughput sequencing coupled with elemental analyses and biogeochemical measurements of two distinct mat types (smooth and pustular) at a millimeter scale were undertaken in the present study. A total of 8,263,982 16S rRNA gene sequences were obtained, which were affiliated to 58 bacterial and candidate phyla. The surface of both mats were dominated by Cyanobacteria, accompanied with known or putative members of Alphaproteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. The deeper anoxic layers of smooth mats were dominated by Chloroflexi, while Alphaproteobacteria dominated the lower layers of pustular mats. In situ microelectrode measurements revealed smooth mats have a steeper profile of O2 and H2S concentrations, as well as higher oxygen production, consumption and sulfate reduction rates. Specific elements (Mo, Mg, Mn, Fe, V, P) could be correlated with specific mat types and putative phylogenetic groups. Models are proposed for these systems suggesting putative surface anoxic niches, differential nitrogen fixing niches and those coupled with methane metabolism.
Chelating effect in short polymers for the design of bidentate binders of increased affinity and selectivity
Authors: Fortuna Sara , Fogolari Federico , Scoles Giacinto 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe design of new strong and selective binders is a key step towards the development of new sensing devices and effective drugs. Both affinity and selectivity can be increased through chelation and here we theoretically explore the possibility of coupling two binders through a flexible linker. We prove the enhanced ability of double binders of keeping their target with a simple model where a polymer composed by hard spheres interacts with a spherical macromolecule, such as a protein, through two sticky spots. By Monte Carlo simulations and thermodynamic integration we show the chelating effect to hold for coupling polymers whose radius of gyration is comparable to size of the chelated particle. We show the binding free energy of flexible double binders to be higher than that of two single binders and to be maximized when the binding sites are at distances comparable to the mean free polymer end-to-end distance. The affinity of two coupled binders is therefore predicted to increase non linearly and in turn, by targeting two non-equivalent binding sites, this will lead to higher selectivity.
Identification of novel alleles of the rice blast resistance gene Pi54
Authors: Vasudevan Kumar , Gruissem Wilhelm , Bhullar Navreet K. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractRice blast is one of the most devastating rice diseases and continuous resistance breeding is required to control the disease. The rice blast resistance genePi54initially identified in an Indian cultivar confers broad-spectrum resistance in India. We explored the allelic diversity of thePi54gene among 885 Indian rice genotypes that were found resistant in our screening against field mixture of naturally existingM. oryzaestrains as well as against five unique strains. These genotypes are also annotated as rice blast resistant in the International Rice Genebank database. Sequence-based allele mining was used to amplify and clone thePi54allelic variants. Nine new alleles ofPi54were identified based on the nucleotide sequence comparison to thePi54reference sequence as well as to already knownPi54alleles. DNA sequence analysis of the newly identifiedPi54alleles revealed several single polymorphic sites, three double deletions and an eight base pair deletion. A SNP-rich region was found between a tyrosine kinase phosphorylation site and the nucleotide binding site (NBS) domain. Together, the newly identifiedPi54alleles expand the allelic series and are candidates for rice blast resistance breeding programs.
Carbon Nanotubes Act as Contaminant Carriers and Translocate within Plants
Authors: Chen Guosheng , Qiu Junlang , Liu Yan , Jiang Ruifen , Cai Siying , Liu Yuan , Zhu Fang , Zeng Feng , Luan Tiangang , Ouyang Gangfeng 
Published: October 2015

AbstractNanotechnology permits broad advances in agriculture. However, as it is still at a relatively early stage of development, the potential risks remain unclear. Herein, for the first time, we reveal the following: 1) the impact of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the accumulation/depuration behaviors of contaminants in crop, mustard (Brassica juncea) and 2) the permeability and transportability of MWCNTs in intact mature mustard plants. Using an in vivo sampling technique, the kinetic accumulation/depuration processes of several contaminants in mustard plans exposed to MWCNTs were traced and an enhancement of contaminant accumulation in living plants was observed. Meanwhile, we observed that the MWCNTs permeated into the roots of intact living plants (three months old) and were then transported to the upper organs under the force of transpiration steam. This study demonstrated that MWCNTs can act as contaminant carriers and be transported to the edible parts of crops.
Electron microscopic recording of myosin head power stroke in hydrated myosin filaments
Authors: Sugi Haruo , Chaen Shigeru , Akimoto Tsuyoshi , Minoda Hiroki , Miyakawa Takuya , Miyauchi Yumiko , Tanokura Masaru , Sugiura Seiryo 
Published: October 2015

AbstractMuscle contraction results from cyclic attachment and detachment between myosin heads and actin filaments, coupled with ATP hydrolysis. Despite extensive studies, however, the amplitude of myosin head power stroke still remains to be a mystery. Using the gas environmental chamber, we have succeeded in recording the power stroke of position-marked myosin heads in hydrated mixture of actin and myosin filaments in a nearly isometric condition, in which myosin heads do not produce gross myofilament sliding, but only stretch adjacent elastic structures. On application of ATP, individual myosin heads move by ~3.3 nm at the distal region and by ~2.5 nm at the proximal region of myosin head catalytic domain. After exhaustion of applied ATP, individual myosin heads return towards their initial position. At low ionic strength, the amplitude of myosin head power stroke increases to >4 nm at both distal and proximal regions of myosin heads catalytic domain, being consistent with the report that the force generated by individual myosin heads in muscle fibers is enhanced at low ionic strength. The advantages of the present study over otherin vitromotility assay systems, using myosin heads detached from myosin filaments, are discussed.
Term rules for simple metal clusters
Authors: Yoshida Daisuke , Raebiger Hannes 
Published: October 2015

AbstractHund’s term rules are only valid for isolated atoms, but have no generalization for molecules or clusters of several atoms. We present a benchmark calculation of Al2 and Al3, for which we find the high and low-spin ground states 3Πu and "Equation missing", respectively. We show that the relative stabilities of all the molecular terms of Al2 and Al3 can be described by simple rules pertaining to bonding structures and symmetries, which serve as guiding principles to determine ground state terms of arbitrary multi-atom clusters.
Tricuspid Valve Surgery in Patients with Isolated Tricuspid Valve Endocarditis: Analysis of Perioperative Parameters and Long-Term Outcomes
Authors: Davierwala Piroze , Misfeld Martin , Bakhtiary Farhad , Binner Christian , Etz Christian , Mohr Friedrich , Pfannmueller Bettina , Kahmann Mareike 
Published: October 2015

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the perioperative characteristics and the short- and mid-term outcomes in patients undergoing tricuspid valve (TV) surgery for isolated TV endocarditis.
Patients and Methods A total of 56 patients with isolated TV endocarditis underwent TV surgery at a single center between June 1995 and February 2012. Mean age of patients was 53.8 ± 17.1 years, 39 (69.6%) being male. The mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 60.4 ± 13.6% and 13 (23.2%) patients had diabetes mellitus. Average logistic EuroSCORE was 19.4 ± 17.0%. Mean follow-up was 4.7 ± 3.8 years.
Results Microbiological investigations revealed positive blood cultures in 89.1% of patients and positive intraoperative swabs in 51.9%. The most common pathogen (42.9%) isolated was Staphylococcus aureus, followed by coagulase-negative staphylococcus (17.9%).
Discussion A history of intravenous drug abuse (IVDA) was recorded in 11 patients (19.6%), of which 8 patients additionally had hepatitis C. A total of 15 patients (26.8%) had a permanent pacemaker/implantable cardioverter-defibrillator in situ. TV replacement was performed in 22 patients (39.3%) and TV repair was performed in 34 patients (60.7%). Overall 30-day mortality was 12.5%. Five-year survival was 63.9 ± 7.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 64.0–137.5 months). Freedom from reoperation for recurrent TV endocarditis was 91.7 ± 4.0% (95% CI: 152.3–179.3 months) at 5 years.
Conclusion Blood culture is the most important tool to detect the causative pathogen causing IE of TV. The high risk of hepatitis C in patients with IVDA and IE of the TV should be mentioned.
The method used to culture host cells (Sf9 cells) can affect the qualities of baculovirus budding particles expressing recombinant proteins
Authors: Hattori Tomomi , Nakanishi Kohei , Mori Takaaki , Tomita Masahiro , Tsumoto Kanta 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Budded virus (BV) particles of baculovirus (Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus, AcNPV) are harvested from the supernatant of liquid culture of Sf9 host cells by ultracentrifugation. Using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Western blot and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of BV samples fractionated closely by sucrose density gradient centrifugation, we observed that BVs exhibited different qualities depending on whether they had been harvested from the supernatant from a standing (static), shaking (suspension), or standing/shaking (pre-/post-infection) culture of Sf9 cells. The amount of BV protein apparently increased in the order of standing, standing/shaking, and shaking procedure, and the yield of intact particles showed an opposite trend. TEM observation clearly showed that appropriate fractions of the standing and standing/shaking cultures contained more intact BV particles than those from the shaking culture. These results suggest that the qualities of recombinant BV particles may be related to the culture conditions of the host cells.
Saccharum sinensebagasse extract as an effective corrosion inhibitor for J55 steel in 3.5% NaCl solution saturated with CO2
Authors: Huang Bo , Lin Yuanhua , Singh Ambrish , Ebenso Eno E , Zhou Lujiang , Liu Wanying , Deng Kuanhai 
Published: October 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to test bagasse extract as an effective corrosion inhibitor.Design/methodology/approach– The bagasse was extracted without any toxic substance and was found to be effective for corrosion of J55 steel.Findings– The inhibition efficiency of bagasse was more than 90 per cent in 3.5 per cent NaCl solution saturated with CO2for corrosion inhibition of J55 steel.Research limitations/implications– The inhibition effect ofSaccharum sinensebagasse extract on the corrosion of J55 steel in 3.5 weight per cent NaCl saturated with CO2solution was investigated by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, polarization curve and scanning electron microscope.Practical implications– It can be used as low-cost corrosion inhibitor.Social implications– It is an environment-friendly corrosion inhibitor.Originality/value– This work is original and carried out in Southwest Petroleum University, China. This is not communicated anywhere else.
Anti-corrosion behavior of thiadiazole derivatives for silver strip in hydrogen sulfide solutions
Authors: Liu Lin , Pan Xiaona , Xing Jinjuan , Qian Jianhua 
Published: October 2015

Purpose– This paper aims to evaluate the inhibition efficiency of thiadiazole derivatives, such as 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (DMTD), 5-methly-2-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (MMTD) and 2,5-dithiododecyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole (DDTD), in 50 mg/L hydrogen sulfide for silver strip.Design/methodology/approach– Evaluation was carried out by corrosion-inhibiting test, electrochemical measurement and surface analysis techniques. 3D surface profiler, atom force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis were applied and finally confirmed the existence of the adsorbed film.Findings– The electrochemical measurement showed that the inhibition efficiency increases with increasing inhibitor concentration in 50 mg/L hydrogen sulfide solution, while the corrosion rate and the corrosion current decrease. Weight-gained measurements also indicated that inhibitor decreases the corrosion rate in the studied solution. The adsorption of DMTD and MMTD on the silver surface obeys Temkin’s adsorption isotherm, but the adsorption of DDTD follows Langmuir’s adsorption isotherm. That means that the inhibition mechanism is different between DMTD, MMTD and DDTD. The ΔG0advalues of DMTD, MMTD and DDTD were −37.47, −37.29 and −38.69 kJ/mol, respectively. It showed that there was an adsorption bond between silver surface and inhibitor, and the adsorption belongs to chemical adsorption.Originality/value– The inhibitors have an excellent inhibition efficiency, and the best inhibition efficiency is 91.76 per cent. Inhibitors can effectively inhibit metal corrosion in the oil and gas.
The protection and monitoring of a distribution piping network for potable water supply
Authors: Orlikowski Juliusz , Darowicki Kazimierz , Jazdzewska Agata , Jarzynka Magdalena 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to implement the corrosion protection method for steel pipes used in a municipal water-pipe network. Results of an inhibitor protection system installed on the system are presented. Inhibitor protection was required due to the high corrosivity of the water collected by a surface intake, which had resulted in a large number of failures and low water quality, due to the presence of corrosion products.

Design/methodology/approach
– To assess the effectiveness of protection and to control the optimum dose of the inhibitor dispensed, an automatic system of corrosion monitoring was used, together with an assessment of water corrosiveness based on measurements of physical and chemical properties of water.

Findings
– Calcium polyphosphate, in the role of a non-toxic corrosion inhibitor, showed significant effectiveness as a anticorrosive and its results were fully noticeable after several years following the commencement of protection. Corrosion monitoring has shown that the effectiveness of inhibitor protection is highest in the summer season, when the water is characterised as being in its most corrosive form.

Originality/value
– A reduction in the corrosion rate improves the quality of water and its chemical parameters fall within the standard range for water intended for consumption. The corrosion inhibitor action accelerates the formation of a layer limiting the corrosion rate. In this case, stable corrosion rates may be obtained after only the first year. In terms of the designing systems for monitoring corrosion in water systems, this is very important information as reliable results can be obtained for a long period after the launch of the system.
Corrosion characterization of phosphated carbon steel treated with benzotriazole
Authors: Spagnol Cristiane , Banczek Everson do Prado , Costa Isolda , Cunha Maico Taras , Gallina André Lazarin , Tussolini Martha , Rodrigues Paulo Rogério Pinto 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of the paper is to show the corrosion effect of benzotriazole in comparison with iron phosphate (PFe) coating as a sealer for the PFe layer in carbon steel paint pre-treatment and to show its ecological advantages as a more environment-friendly inhibiting compound than PFe.

Design/methodology/approach
– Samples of carbon steel (SAE 1010) were phosphated in two baths, one containing iron PFe and PFe and BTAH (PFe + BTAH). Anodic potentiostatic polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to evaluate the corrosion resistance of phosphated carbon steel in 0.1 molL−1 H2SO4, 0.5 molL−1 NaCl and 0.1 molL−1 NaOH. The phosphate layers obtained were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy. Surface observation by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the PFe and PFe + BTAH layers are deposited as crystals with granular morphology. The electrochemical results showed that the PFe + BTAH coating was more effective in corrosion protection of the carbon steel.

Findings
– This paper presents the application of benzotriazole as post-treatment of PFe-coated carbon steel. The results show that benzotriazole improves the phosphate layer properties. The SEM micrographs showed that the layer formed in PFe and PFe + BTAH baths consists of grain-like crystals, and infrared results revealed the BTAH presence in PFe phosphate. The corrosion resistance results showed higher efficiency associated to the PFe + BTAH phosphate layer relative to that of PFe. From the present study, results can be concluded that BTAH can be used as a post-treatment for PFe phosphate coating.

Originality/value
– This paper deals with the corrosion resistance and surface carbon steel characterization of a new sealer for PFe coating, which has been prepared for this study and was never tested previously. These are candidate materials for substitution of chromium sealer. The BTAH sealer presents environmental and corrosion resistance advantages when compared with the post-treatment based on chrome. Although BTAH improves PFe layers’ properties, it is the worst phosphate coating. This manuscript has never been previously submitted and deals with original results.
Clozapine use in personality disorder and intellectual disabilities
Authors: Kiani Reza , Biswas Asit , Devapriam John , Alexander Regi Tharian , Kumar Satheesh , Andrews Hayley , Tromans Samuel Joseph 
Published: October 2015

Purpose– Clozapine is a well-known antipsychotic medication licensed for treatment-resistant schizophrenia, but there is limited research available to suggest its efficacy in the context of personality disorder and intellectual disabilities presenting with high-risk behaviour with or without psychotic symptoms. The purpose of this paper is to raise awareness of the benefits of using clozapine in patients with intellectual disabilities and personality disorder that present with a complex picture of serious risk of harm to both their life and the lives of others.Design/methodology/approach– The authors present five patients with intellectual disabilities and serious life-threatening challenging behaviour whom were started on clozapine as part of their multidisciplinary treatment plan to manage their presentation. The authors completed baseline assessment of five main symptom domains and then repeated this assessment following treatment with clozapine.Findings– In all five cases use of clozapine was objectively associated with an improvement in symptomatology, quality of life and a safe transfer to the community.Originality/value– The findings suggest that judicious use of clozapine could be considered as one of the effective pharmacological strategies in the management of patients with intellectual disabilities and personality disorder who present with serious life-threatening challenging behaviours.
How important is territorial bias in prudential supervision and regulation?
Authors: D'Hulster Katia 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to measure and rank territorial bias in prudential supervision and regulation in 22 EU and non-EU countries with financial systems predominantly owned by foreign banks.

Design/methodology/approach
– Twenty-two host countries are surveyed along six dimensions. First a scoring system is developed to measure territorial bias on an individual country basis (vertical analysis). Second the results are compared across two peer groups EU and non-EU (horizontal analysis).

Findings
– Territorial bias is present to a varying degree in the prudential supervision and the regulations of the countries surveyed. On average higher territorial bias is observed in the non-EU group. Generally there is also less dispersion in the EU which can be explained by a common regulatory framework and the efforts to achieve supervisory convergence. Non-EU countries use a wider array of instruments typically higher capital ratios stricter local governance requirements and liquidity restrictions.

Originality/value
– This is the first quantitative measure and analysis of territorial bias in prudential supervision and regulation that has been established. It includes confidential supervisory measures and measures imposed by moral suasion.