bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comunicação Alternativa para além das Tecnologias Assistivas
Authors: Nunes Leila Regina , Walter Catia Crivelenti de Figueiredo 
Published: August 2014

A presença de alunos com paralisia cerebral e com autismo é crescente no cotidiano das escolas regulares. Professores frequentemente necessitam de formação no emprego de recursos de comunicação alternativa junto a esse alunado que exibe graves dificuldades de comunicação oral. Serão descritos estudos do Grupo de Pesquisa Linguagem e Comunicação Alternativa do Programa de Pós–Graduação em Educação de uma universidade publica conduzidos em escolas regulares e especiais. Serão apresentados e comentados recursos de Comunicação Alternativa elaborados com o propósito de favorecer as habilidades linguísticas, comunicativas e sociais desses alunos em suas interações em sala de aula. Finalmente, serão discutidas questões relativas à pesquisa em sala de aula, à concepção de comunicação e ao papel da tecnologia na Comunicação Alternativa.
Production of laser-polarized 3He gas via metastability exchange optical pumping for magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Głowacz Bartosz , Suchanek Mateusz , Olejniczak Zbigniew 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The state-of-the-art in the production of hyperpolarized 3He gas for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the human lungs is reviewed. The paper is focused on the metastability exchange optical pumping (MEOP) method, which is preferable in medical applications, because the polarized 3He gas is free of any contaminants. Two strategies, namely, “centralized” and “on-site” production, are compared from the point of view of efficiency, level of achievable polarization, and the cost. A novel design of the polarizer that is based on MEOP operating in nonstandard conditions is also presented. It is the most promising solution for the implementation of the technique in medical clinics, as it uses the magnetic field of the MRI scanner and operates at elevated 3He gas pressure.
Novel form-flexible handling and joining tool for automated preforming
Authors: Kunz Holger , Löchte Christian , Dietrich Franz , Raatz Annika , Fischer Fabian , Dröder Klaus , Dilger Klaus 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe production rates of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) parts are rising constantly which in turn drives research to bring a higher level of automation to the manufacturing processes of CFRP. Resin transfer molding (RTM), which is seen as a production method for high volumes, has been accelerated to a high degree. However, complex net-shape preforms are necessary for this process, which are widely manually manufactured. To face these challenges a new concept for the manufacturing of carbon fiber preforms with a form-flexible gripping, draping and joining end-effector is presented and discussed. Furthermore, this paper investigates the application of this concept, describes the initial build-up of a demonstrator, focusing on material selection and heating technology, and discusses test results with the prototype. This prototype already validates the feasibility of the proposed concept on the basis of a generic preform geometry. After a summary, this paper discusses future in-depth research concerning the concept and its application in more complex geometries.
Vom Sprachstil zum Nationalcharakter: Dominique Bouhours (1671) im Vergleich zu Henri Estienne (1579) und Antoine Rivarol (1784)
Authors: Zollna Isabel 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Dans ce travail nous présentons une lecture systématique de trois textes concernant la comparaison du français avec ses deux «langues sœurs», l’italien et l’espagnol. Ces textes reflètent deux événements décisifs: l’émancipation des langues vernaculaires du latin ainsi que l’avènement de la France comme pouvoir hégémonial dans l’Europe du XVIIe siècle. L’analyse des qualités mises en valeur par les auteurs permettent de démontrer le changement profond qui se produit quant aux critères pour évaluer une langue: à partir de la fréquence des qualificatifs, on peut constater trois perspectives qui dépendent de la position politique de la nation française: concurrencée de l’italien au XVIe siècle, l’appareil rhétorique sert de principe classificateur à Estienne; comme moyen d’expression «naturelle» de l’honnête homme par opposition au «faste» de l’espagnol, chez Bouhours (XVIIe siècle), et au XVIIIe siècle, la réduction du français au seul critère de la clarté qui culmine chez Rivarol (1784). Chez Bouhours (VI. Entretien «La langue françoise», 1671) les valeurs prédominants sont la simplicité et la naïveté/le naturel qui sont encore loin d’être confondues avec la fameuse clarté du français.
Réflexions sur la ponctuation éditoriale des textes français médiévaux
Authors: Bragantini-Maillard Nathalie 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Face à la fluctuation qui caractérise la ponctuation introduite dans les éditions de textes français du Moyen Âge, nous nous proposons d’examiner quelques pratiques sujettes à discussion. L’examen vise à ouvrir une réflexion sur le statut à accorder à la ponctuation éditoriale et à montrer qu’il ne serait pas impossible d’établir un système de ponctuation éditoriale méthodique, stable et précis.
Extension of Saccharomyces paradoxus Chronological Lifespan by Retrotransposons in Certain Media Conditions Is Associated with Changes in Reactive Oxygen Species
Authors: VanHoute David , Maxwell Patrick H 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Retrotransposons are mobile DNA elements present throughout eukaryotic genomes that can cause mutations and genome rearrangements when they replicate through reverse transcription. Increased expression and/or mobility of retrotransposons has been correlated with aging in yeast, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and mammals. The many copies of retrotransposons in humans and various model organisms complicate further pursuit of this relationship. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ty1 retrotransposon was introduced into a strain of S. paradoxus that completely lacks retrotransposons to compare chronological lifespans (CLSs) of yeast strains with zero, low, or high Ty1 copy number. Yeast chronological lifespan reflects the progressive loss of cell viability in a nondividing state. Chronological lifespans for the strains were not different in rich medium, but were extended in high Ty1 copy-number strains in synthetic medium and in rich medium containing a low dose of hydroxyurea (HU), an agent that depletes deoxynucleoside triphosphates. Lifespan extension was not strongly correlated with Ty1 mobility or mutation rates for a representative gene. Buffering deoxynucleoside triphosphate levels with threonine supplementation did not substantially affect this lifespan extension, and no substantial differences in cell cycle arrest in the nondividing cells were observed. Lifespan extension was correlated with reduced reactive oxygen species during early stationary phase in high Ty1 copy strains, and antioxidant treatment allowed the zero Ty1 copy strain to live as long as high Ty1 copy-number strains in rich medium with hydroxyurea. This exceptional yeast system has identified an unexpected longevity-promoting role for retrotransposons that may yield novel insights into mechanisms regulating lifespan.
Asymmetric transverse control of maxillary dentition with two midpalatal orthodontic miniscrews
Authors: Kwon Hye-Young , Mah Su-Jung , Kang Yoon-Goo 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT
There have been several orthodontic modalities for maxillary transverse control with most addressing symmetric control. The asymmetric transverse control of maxillary dentition is challenging to orthodontists due to the lack of certain modalities and possible dental side effects. Skeletal anchorages provide biomechanics without orthodontic side effects, but reports of their utilization for transverse control of maxillary dentition are scarce. The purpose of this article is to introduce a novel method utilizing two midpalatal orthodontic miniscrews and a connecting wire system for the asymmetric transverse control of maxillary dentition. Records of two patients consecutively treated with this system are reported, and the related biomechanical considerations are presented.
Effect of Modification and Cooling Rate on Primary Grain in Al-Cu Alloy
Authors: Górny M. , Sikora G. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
This paper presents a study of the effect of the modification and cooling rate on the grain count α(Al) in the Al-5Cu alloy. Research was performed on castings with walls thickness between 3 mm and 25 mm. Cooling curves were recorded to determine the cooling rate and the degree of undercooling at the beginning of solidification. It has been shown that cooling rate increases exponentially as the wall thickness of casting decreases. Moreover it has been demonstrated that the cooling rate of castings changes within a wide range (21°C/s - 1°C/s) when the wall thickness changes from 3 up to 25 mm. Metallographic examinations revealed primary grains (primary α(Al) grains). The paper show that the relationship between the grain count and the degree of undercooling (for non-modified and modified alloys) can be represented by the equation N = Nv = np·exp(-b/ΔTα), based on the Weibull's distribution of the size of nucleation sites.
The Implementation of Computer Platform for Foundries Cooperating in a Supply Chain
Authors: Wilk-Kołodziejczyk D. , Kluska-Nawarecka S. , Rojek G. , Regulski K. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
This article presents a practical solution in the form of implementation of agent-based platform for the management of contracts in a network of foundries. The described implementation is a continuation of earlier scientific work in the field of design and theoretical system specification for cooperating companies [1]. The implementation addresses key design assumptions - the system is implemented using multi-agent technology, which offers the possibility of decentralisation and distributed processing of specified contracts and tenders. The implemented system enables the joint management of orders for a network of small and medium-sized metallurgical plants, while providing them with greater competitiveness and the ability to carry out large procurements. The article presents the functional aspects of the system - the user interface and the principle of operation of individual agents that represent businesses seeking potential suppliers or recipients of services and products. Additionally, the system is equipped with a bi-directional agent translating standards based on ontologies, which aims to automate the decision-making process during tender specifications as a response to the request.
Effect of Water Mist Cooling on Microstructure of Hypereutectic Al-Si Alloy
Authors: Władysiak R. , Kozuń A. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The work is a continuation of research on the use water mist cooling in order to increase efficiency of die-casting aluminum alloys using multipoint water mist cooling system. The paper presents results of investigation of crystallization process and microstructure of synthetic hypereutectic AlSi20 alloy. Casts were made in permanent mold cooled with water mist stream. The study was conducted for unmodified AlSi20 alloy and modified with phosphorus, titanium and boron on the research station allowing sequential multipoint cooling using a dedicated program of computer control. The study demonstrated that the use of mold cooled with water mist stream allows the formation of the microstructure of hypereutectic silumins. A wide range of solidification temperature of hypereutectic silumins increases the potential impact of changes in the cooling rate on a size, a number and a morphology of preeutectic silicon and eutectic α+β (Al+Si).
Impact of “Nepal Tourism Year 2011” on Tourist Arrival in Pokhara
Authors: Parajuli Biswo Kallyan , Paudel Yog Raj 
Published: August 2014

Tourism is a growing industry in Nepal. Pokhara is one of the major tourist destinations in Nepal. To foster the tourism industry in Nepal then government of Nepal decided on 2008 to launch a national tourism campaign “Nepal Tourism Year 2011” targeting to bring one million international tourists into Nepal in the year 2011. This paper focuses on analyzing the impact of Nepal Tourism Year 2011’s advertisement campaign on tourist arrival in Pokhara city. Also it attempts to highlight the impact of network and information access on tourism arrival. A sincere attempt has also been made to investigate the impact of NTY in bringing international tourist in Nepal particularly in Pokhara. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hjsa.v6i0.10687 Himalayan Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol.6 2014: 22-50
Changes in Livelihood and Caste Relations in Udipur
Authors: Subedi Madhusudan 
Published: August 2014

There have been changes in the economic and social relations in Nepal. The market has been providing opportunities for choosing livelihood options. Livelihood diversification, particularly non-farm, appears to be growing in extent and importance in recent years. Although local wage labor has increased in farm sector, agriculture is not a path out of poverty. The relationship between caste and hereditary occupations has been less significant and there has occurred a significant shift in the bases of power. There is an increase in class consciousness and a decrease in caste consciousness; wealth is replacing birth as the basis of social power and prestige. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hjsa.v6i0.10690 Himalayan Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol.6 2014: 86-102
Growth and Nutritional Status of Adolescent School Girls in a Food Insecure Rural Area of Bangladesh: An Anthropometric Perspective
Authors: Rahman Md Azizur 
Published: August 2014

The present study explored the growth and nutritional status among rural adolescent school girls of food insecure Berasub district of Pabna district in Bangldesh. The study was carried out in rural adolescent school girls of 21 government approved High schools of Berasu district of Pabna district, Bangladesh. Anthropometric and socio-demographic information from 2196 adolescent girls were collected during 2011-2012 academic session. Height and weight were measured using standard procedure and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated. BMI was compared to 2007 WHO growth reference. Height- for-age (HAZ), weight-for-age (WAZ) and BMI-for-age (BMIZ) were used to evaluate stunting, underweight and thinness respectively, based on the National Centre of Heath Statistics (NCHS) < - 2 Z score values. Classification of severity of malnutrition was done based on WHO recommendation. Mean BMI-for-age were less than those of 2007 WHO growth reference for girls at all ages. The overall rate of stunting, underweight and thinness was 33.13%, 28.06% and 17.92% respectively. Based on WHO classification of severity of malnutrition, the overall prevalence of stunting was high (30-39%), whereas those of underweight (≥ 30) and thinness (≥ 15) were very high. The study explores that poor health and nutritional status among the adolescents indicating a major public health problem in food insecure rural areas of Bangladesh. An intensive and comprehensive approach is required to improve the nutritional status of rural adolescent girls of Bangladesh. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hjsa.v6i0.10691 Himalayan Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol.6 2014: 103-111
Violence against the Minorities in Bangladesh
Authors: Ahmmed Md Mortuza 
Published: August 2014

Violent attacks on religious minorities in recent days have evoked popular protests at home and abroad, and the minority community thinks it is an attempt to force them to leave the country like in 1971.They fear the extent of the dreadfulness of attacks on the minorities might exceed what they had seen during 2001 and appealed to the international community apart from the political parties to look into the matter seriously.The situation of minorities in Bangladesh is a human rights issue. Status of minorities all over the world has demonstrated a pattern of discrimination and insecurity. Bangladesh is no exception. However, the example of minorities in Bangladesh has a typical trend. The seeds of violence against the minority community are inherent within the structures of the modern system which has turned human beings into vote banks and vote constituencies. Lack of accountability and transparency of the state machinery only makes the situation worse. Bangladesh ought to recognize the plurality of its culture and people. Undoubtedly, civil society has the major and the most important role to play in this respect. This paper contains the theoretical explanation of the concept of “minority” in general and then examines the state of minorities in Bangladesh, their problems, the violations against them, the factors and impact of violations, state responsibilities, legal and constitutional protection, protection under international law etc. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hjsa.v6i0.10712 Himalayan Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol.6 2014: 112-118
Parental Percetion of the Teaching of Sex Education to Adolescent in Secondary School in Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Akpama Elizabeth G 
Published: August 2014

This study was an ex-post facto research, design to determine parental perception of the teaching of introducing sex education to adolescents in secondary schools in Cross River State, as the area of study. Two null hypotheses were formulated on the basis of the identified major independent variables of nature of parental perception and parental literacy status. A 15-item questionnaire was developed, validated and tested for reliability. It was then administered to 400 respondents (parents–200 male, 200 female) from 20 churches in the entire state (7 churches from central, 7 from south and 6 from north senatorial districts). The sample was selected by stratified cluster and simple random procedure. Data was analysed using the independent t-test. Results revealed that parental perception of the teaching of sex education to adolescents in secondary schools is significantly negative; no significant difference exists between literate and illiterate parents in their perception of the teaching of sex education to adolescents in secondary schools. It was concluded that parental perception of the teaching of sex education to adolescents in secondary schools is generally negative in Cross River State. Some recommendations were enhanced as the way forward. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hjsa.v6i0.10714 Himalayan Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol.6 2014: 134-145
Terrorism, Religious and Ethnic Intolerance Issues in the Syllabuses and Textbooks of Bengali and English Medium and Madrasha Education in Bangladesh An Appraisal
Authors: Hoque NM Sajjadul 
Published: August 2014

Bangladesh, a seventh largest populous and fourth largest Muslim country in the World, is often facing the problems of terrorism, religious and ethnic intolerance. There are many cases of terrorist activities, religious and ethnic intolerance in the recent past. Like many of the post-colonial societies, various national policies were adopted towards facing the challenges of terrorism, religious and ethnic intolerance in Bangladesh. One of the most important policies was formulating National Education Policy (NEP)-2010 though there are a large number of contradictions about the implementation of the NEP. Needless to say peoples of Bangladesh are the victims of terrorism, religious and ethnic intolerance. The Author’s perception is education itself a catalyst for social change and it is a powerful instrument in the process of overcoming the problems. In other words, author of this paper believe that syllabuses and text books of both general and madrasha education streams of Bangladesh have significant role in educating people to counter terrorism, religious and ethnic intolerance. However, an attempt has been made in this paper through reviewing the current syllabuses and text books of general and madrasha education streams and also through assessing the peoples’ opinions of Bangladesh to know whether the syllabuses and text books are adequately addressing the issues of terrorism, religious and ethnic intolerance or not. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hjsa.v6i0.10715 Himalayan Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol.6 2014: 146-165
Educational Status of Muslim Women: A Sociological Analysis of Kundhar, Pokhara, Kaski
Authors: Bhusal Shanti 
Published: August 2014

This research analyses the educational status of Muslim women aged between 16-40 years of Kundhar area that lies in ward numbers 10 12 and 13Pokhara sub metropolitan Kaski. A total of 60 Muslim women aged between 16-40 years were purposively selected as respondents. It primarily focuses on the participation of the women in education and the obstacles they face in attaining it. Marriage and religious beliefs have been found as the main factors hindering educational achievement for these women. These factors have limited the role of many respondents to being a house wife only. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hjsa.v6i0.10718 Himalayan Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol.6 2014: 203-210
Le patchwork de la pratique des études d'impact en Europe : proposition de taxinomie
Authors: Lianos Ioannis , Fazekas Mihaly 
Published: August 2014

Résumé Les études d’impact sont devenues un outil majeur et novateur en matière de politiques publiques en Europe au cours de la dernière décennie. Ce phénomène est apparu au côté d’autres instruments, comme les indicateurs, en lien avec le développement de la culture de l’évaluation des politiques publiques ainsi que de la production normative. Bien que l’existence d’une grande variété de pratiques et d’interprétations rende difficile tout effort pour en donner une définition précise, cette contribution dresse une typologie des études d’impact en Europe fondée sur une analyse empirique de sa pratique par l’Union européenne dans 25 de ses États membres, tout en apportant une réflexion théorique portant sur l’interaction de cette forme d’expertise avec la politique.
Les études d'impact des réglementations de l'Union européenne : état des lieux et pistes de réforme
Authors: Renda Andrea 
Published: August 2014

Résumé Il y a une dizaine d’années, la Commission européenne a adopté, pour la première fois, une procédure exhaustive d’étude d’impact qui avait pour objectif de renforcer la qualité des propositions législatives élaborées par ses services. Dans la foulée, le Parlement européen et le Conseil se sont officiellement engagés à adopter des procédures similaires lors de la révision des propositions de la Commission. Par la suite, les lignes directrices d’étude d’impact édictées en 2005 et 2009, le comité d’étude d’impact créé en 2007, la transition vers une « réglementation intelligente » et, enfin, la « réglementation affûtée » ont conduit à la consolidation de cette étape au sein du processus d’élaboration politique de la Commission, même si une certaine confusion demeure toujours en ce qui concerne la méthodologie, le focus général et le niveau de transparence. Plus inquiétant, le Parlement et le Conseil n’ont pas réussi, pendant plusieurs années, à mettre en œuvre leurs propres études d’impact, malgré leur engagement. Si le Parlement est parvenu, en 2012, à créer sa première direction de l’évaluation de l’impact ex ante , le Conseil paraît loin de franchir ce pas. Le présent texte se penche également sur les défis actuels, en proposant dix propositions de réforme.