bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unexpected nuclear hormone receptor and chromatin dynamics regulate estrous cycle dependent gene expression
Authors: Jefferson Wendy N , Wang Tianyuan , Padilla-Banks Elizabeth , Williams Carmen J 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Chromatin changes in response to estrogen and progesterone are well established in cultured cells, but how they control gene expression under physiological conditions is largely unknown. To address this question, we examined in vivo estrous cycle dynamics of mouse uterus hormone receptor occupancy, chromatin accessibility and chromatin structure by combining RNA-seq, ATAC-seq, HiC-seq and ChIP-seq. Two estrous cycle stages were chosen for these analyses, diestrus (highest estrogen) and estrus (highest progesterone). Unexpectedly, rather than alternating with each other, estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and progesterone receptor (PGR) were co-bound during diestrus and lost during estrus. Motif analysis of open chromatin followed by hypoxia inducible factor 2A (HIF2A) ChIP-seq and conditional uterine deletion of this transcription factor revealed a novel role for HIF2A in regulating diestrus gene expression patterns that were independent of either ERα or PGR binding. Proteins in complex with ERα included PGR and cohesin, only during diestrus. Combined with HiC-seq analyses, we demonstrate that complex chromatin architecture changes including enhancer switching are coordinated with ERα and PGR co-binding during diestrus and non-hormone receptor transcription factors such as HIF2A during estrus to regulate most differential gene expression across the estrous cycle.
The distribution of savings behaviours and macro dynamics
Authors: Gomes Orlando 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This article formulates a Keynesian macro model and explores its underlying dynamics. The distinctive features of the model relative to other Keynesian frameworks are: (1) the assumption that households are spread over a behavioural distribution that reflects their idiosyncratic attitudes towards savings; (2) the consideration of a macro–micro feedback mechanism according to which the state of the economy (measured by aggregate output or the unemployment rate) influences households’ savings behaviours. The devised analytical setup generates intuitive and appealing dynamic results, namely the formation of two alternative stable steady states, which are representative of two possible macroeconomic outcomes (with and without full employment). The stability of the steady state might be broken when the reaction of savings behaviours to perturbations in the unemployment rate is strong. The framework is flexible enough to allow for a compelling analysis of the implications of fiscal and monetary policies.
Combination of a Rapid Diagnostic Assay and Antimicrobial Stewardship Intervention for Gram-Negative Bacteremia
Authors: Ventres Julian J , Ting Michelle H , Parente Diane M , Rogers Ralph , Norris Ashlyn M , Benitez Gregorio , Shehadeh Fadi , Bobenchik April M , Mylonakis Eleftherios , Chapin Kimberle C , Cunha Cheston B 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Traditional blood cultures for gram-negative bacteremia can take up to 72 hours or more to return results, prolonging the duration of empiric broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotics. The Accelerate Pheno system provides rapid identification and susceptibilities for blood cultures in gram-negative bacteremia. Current data on its clinical utility are mixed overall, so the system requires further research.

Methods
A multicenter, retrospective quasi-experimental study was conducted comparing the Accelerate Pheno rapid diagnostic system with antimicrobial stewardship intervention and traditional blood cultures alone.

Results
A total of 264 patients with blood cultures with gram-negative bacteria growth were included in the final analysis (102 pre-intervention, 162 post-intervention). The antimicrobial stewardship team made 364 recommendations in 152/162 (93.8%) patients in the post group. Duration of intravenous therapy was shorter (P &lt; .001) for the post-intervention group (median, 4.0 days) compared with the pre-intervention group (median, 7.5 days). Hospital length of stay was also shorter (P &lt; .001) for the post-intervention group (median, 5.1 days) compared with the pre-intervention group (median, 7.0 days). Readmission rates within 30 days were reduced (P = .042) post-intervention (13.0%) compared with pre-intervention (22.6%). In the post-intervention group, a larger proportion of patients were transitioned to oral therapy at any point (126/162, 77.8%) compared with pre-intervention (62/102, 60.8%; P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
These results suggest that the Accelerate Pheno system, with active review and intervention by a multidisciplinary antimicrobial stewardship team, is a useful tool in improving both patient-centric and antimicrobial stewardship outcomes.
The Science of Free Will
Authors: Baumeister Roy F. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This groundbreaking book sheds new scientific light on the age-old question of free will. Humankind evolved to flourish by creating a new kind of society, which required an advanced mind capable of recognizing possibilities and making good choices. No other animal operates amid economic marketplaces, shared moral principles, legal systems, religious and political institutions, and the like. Rather than getting bogged down in philosophical debates, this book surges ahead to explain how this marvelous, newly evolved mental system works. Some actions are freer than others (everyone has experienced the difference), so how does one recognize and take advantage of this freedom? Key features involve grounding actions in time and pondering multiple possible futures—indeed understanding one’s life as a story, in which one’s actions link past, present, and future. Conscious thoughts (including logical reasoning, planning, and overriding one’s first impulse) shape behavior advantageously. Free will helps you get what you want while following society’s rules. Willpower is limited, so free will can only be used sometimes. People use ideas (laws, ideals, plans, values) to guide actions. Freedom is not for random action, nor does the mind create freedom—rather, it recognizes possibilities in the situation and adjusts its actions to take advantage. Understanding free will in this fashion reveals both the powers and the limits of the human mind.
Names and Titles
Authors: Barton Jill 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Names have the power to characterize and to humanize. In a 2007 murder trial, the prosecutor used the defendant’s nickname 29 times—and that choice led an appeals court to vacate the conviction. The reason? Defendant Laval Farmer, a member of the Bloods street gang, went by the nickname “Murder.” For good reason, Murder’s defense counsel urged that his client be called “Mr. Farmer,” using what’s known as a courtesy title or honorific. Even “the Defendant” or his first or last name would be preferable to his prejudicial nickname. In the same way, the justices choose names over generic references to tell individuals’ stories. And by doing so, they show compassion and signal respect for the parties and to readers.
Numbers
Authors: Barton Jill 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Writing numbers can perplex the legal writer, and not just because few of us tend to be math whizzes. Previously, legal writing guides called for spelling out numbers below 50 or 100, and for using unnecessary parentheticals for a doublet, like Plaintiff seeks $5 (five) million. Not anymore, say the nine justices, who unanimously simplify the way they write numbers. They use simple numerals for measurements, money, time periods, dates, and numbers 10 and above. They spell out numbers zero to nine, generic references like tens of billions, and those starting sentences. The only split among the justices on the question of numbers is whether to use the word percent or its corresponding symbol. A few of the justices are inconsistent on this point, but most use the symbol most of the time.
The Concept of ‘Employee’
Authors: Davidov Guy 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The concept of ‘employee’ is used to decide the scope of labour laws and is therefore crucial for employers and employees. Courts have developed tests and lists of factors to decide who is an ‘employee’. The chapter critically reviews these tests, first the preliminary tests used to separate employees from volunteers, interns, prisoners, and other such groups, and then the tests used to distinguish between employees and independent contractors. The chapter argues that the tests have to be connected to the purpose of labour laws, and shows that some of them are connected but others are not. It then discusses judgments from different countries where the courts have employed a purposive approach, showing the usefulness of this approach but also how it can be taken a step further. Finally, the chapter discusses some legal techniques which have been adopted by some legislatures and have a significant potential to minimize misclassifications.
Parental and Sick Leave
Authors: López López Julia , Colàs-Neila Eusebi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The foundations of policies on the conciliation of family and work have been linked to the goals of equality and non-discrimination by gender. This well-established approach can be updated and adapted to recent developments by linking it to the pursuit of solidarity as a fundamental right as stipulated by the EU’s Charter of Fundamental Rights and the Agenda of Decent Work as emphasized by the ILO. The approach in this chapter is to underscore how the construction of decent work and of ‘inscriptions’ of the solidarity principle in the regulatory systems reinforce policies on gender equality. The reconciliation of work and family life is the normative goal adopted for analysing both parental leave and sick leave in this chapter. The chapter proposes a link with solidarity as the foundation of these polices with the right to legal equality and non-discrimination.
Discrimination Concerning Hiring and Firing
Authors: Robin-Olivier Sophie 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Using examples from US and EU law (and the laws of EU Member States), this chapter explores various facets of anti-discrimination law in the areas of hiring and firing. After a brief analysis of the limits to employers’ fundamental freedoms that anti-discrimination law creates (a constitutional law perspective), this contribution sheds light on the impact of anti-discrimination law in hiring and firing as employment procedures, and on the transformations that anti-discrimination law entails in these procedures (an employment law angle). Lastly, turning to ideas on the future of labour law, the chapter contends that the prohibition of discrimination tends to (and needs to) extend beyond the acts of employers and employment contracts, to cover forms of work and organization of business activities that have long remained out of reach of classical employment law.
The Development of the Law of Work in Latin America
Authors: Goldin Adrián 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The chapter author proposes an elementary idea of labour law, which revolves around the contract that simultaneously contains clauses of freedom along with others of subjection. It maintains that this equation is subject to the intervention of labour law, which imposes certain legal limits on submission. Next, the chapter distinguishes this basic idea from each ‘particular idea of labour law’ and proposes that labour laws in Latin America be considered as a manifestation of this last category, whose most notable features are presented in the chapter. Among them, the fact that it is an influenced but not a transplanted system, the widespread presence of codification, the very extended condition of informality and consequent distance between law and reality, and the manifestations, according to each national experience, of centralization or decentralization in the field of collective relations, one or the other imposed by law.
Global Disability Studies and Realist Representation
Authors: Thompson Hannah 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter is in two parts. The first part provides a brief theoretical overview of the field of critical disability studies and its engagement with literary realism. Since the publication of David Mitchell and Sharon Snyder’s seminal Narrative Prosthesis: Disability and the Dependencies of Discourse in 2000, literary realism’s representation of disability has come under considerable scrutiny from scholars and activists. With reference to four nineteenth-century realist works from France, England, and the United States, the chapter investigates how the move from the medical and charity models of disability to the social model, the development of the concepts of “disability pride” and “blindness gain,” and the importance of embodiment are foreshadowed, illustrated, and interrogated in realist fiction. The second part offers an example of a critical disability studies reading of texts by Honoré de Balzac and Wilkie Collins. These case studies reveal that disability (and specifically blindness) often functions in the realist text as a challenge to the realist writer’s desire to see and say everything. By challenging the usual interpretation of blind characters in nineteenth-century realist texts as the passive recipients of narrative and readerly pity, this part illustrates what happens when blind characters are reclaimed as both intriguing indicators of the fallibility of realism and a self-reflexive commentary on the art of the realist writer.
Mary Magdalene in Italian-Language Dramatic Works after Trent
Authors: Harness Kelley 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Saint Mary Magdalene appeared as a principal character in over fifty Italian dramatic works written or published between 1550 and 1750—plays, oratorios, and even an opera. Many of these works appeared in numerous editions, and in the case of oratorios, the same libretto, sometimes revised, might be set musically by two or more composers, resulting in well over 100 documented performances. Much of the scholarship to date on these dramas has focused on single works, sometimes analyzed within the contexts of contemporary social and theatrical practices or theological debates. While some scholars have alluded to the long history of Mary Magdalene dramas, fewer have explored this tradition by comparing two or more works. Fewer still have approached the topic across genre boundaries, that is, by studying relationships between plays and oratorios. Yet these genres shared themes and, to some extent, performance contexts, although the production of spoken Magdalene plays had largely ceased by the end of the seventeenth century, replaced by the newer genre of the oratorio. This essay focuses on three themes that appear throughout the 200-year-tradition under discussion: (1) Mary Magdalene as a mirror of penitence, whose repentance causes the conversion of one or more of a drama’s other characters; (2) the youthful Magdalene and the concept of carpe diem; and (3) Mary Magdalene’s struggles and eventual conversion as the dramatization of contested theological concepts such as Grace and Free Will.
Mary Magdalene through the Lens of Mental Health, Gender, and Sexuality Studies
Authors: Mroz Kate 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In Luke’s Gospel, Mary of Magdala is introduced as the one from whom Jesus drew out seven demons. There are many interpretations of this episode in Luke 8:1–3 (also mentioned in the extended ending of Mark). Even if we cannot diagnose her with any particular malady without being anachronistic, we can infer that she, not only now, but during her lifetime, was a person who deeply felt the experience of being misunderstood and unheard. Therefore, Mary is a relatable figure for modern sufferers of mental illness. This article argues that just as she was countercultural for her time, Mary Magdalene’s witness can still be considered countercultural today.
Mary Magdalene in Patristic Literature
Authors: Schrader Polczer Elizabeth 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The patristic record depicted Mary Magdalene in manifold ways in the first centuries of Christianity, both positively and negatively. For some early Christian interpreters, she represented the Bride of Christ, embodying the Shulamite woman in the Song of Songs who searched for her beloved in the garden. Sometimes she was understood to personify the Church or the “New Eve.” For other Christian commentators, she was driven by her womanly love and passions, and in need of correction (or rebuke) by Jesus because of her limited understanding. And for others, Mary Magdalene was a model of faith, an apostle, and a disciple of Jesus. In sum, the many ancient portraits of Mary Magdalene tend to reveal more about each individual interpreter than about the character of Mary herself.
Understanding Collective Violence in Assemblies and Crowds
Authors: Adang Otto 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Over the course of the past 150 years, social scientists have elaborated different hypotheses and theoretical models to explain crowd dynamics and collective violence in crowds. These include (outmoded) theories that emphasized the inherent pathological characteristics of crowds without reference to social context (arguing that a process of ‘de-individuation’ frees participants from social constraints), models of crowd behaviour that emphasize the coming together of antisocial elements (‘convergence theory’), and contemporary understandings that emphasize the role of social identities. Many of these accounts—and their underlying rationales—are based on conjecture rather than empirical observation. Nonetheless, they powerfully inscribe certain assumptions about the nature of ‘assemblies’ and, indeed, what aspects of assembling are deserving of protection. In so doing, they have long shaped the nature of law enforcement interventions—from rationalizing a generalized suspicion of collectives and policing them as if they present a homogeneous threat, to the promotion of liaison-based protest policing.
Affect Theory and Global Racial Violence
Authors: Barder Alexander 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the nexus between racial hierarchy and affect. In particular, the chapter focuses on how the contestation of racial hierarchies results in negative and positive affective dispositions. Racial violence emerges out of the affect generated by the instability of such racial hierarchies. One can certainly understand this in terms of the fear that such hierarchies come to be contested or as a general anxiety when the perceived threats may be less concrete. But, while fear and anxiety have been salient features of the global racial order since its inception in early modernity, this chapter also explores the positive dimensions to this racial order. To what extent does pleasure act as way of maintaining or regenerating racial hierarchy? The chapter ends by pointing to the necessary work in drawing connections with fascism studies and intersectional approaches.
Entangled Emotions and Quantum Social Theory
Authors: Fierke K. M. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores what a quantum onto-epistemology is bringing and might further bring to the study of emotions and affect in international politics. The first section examines existing scholarship in international relations (IR) at the intersection between the study of emotions and quantum social theory. As quantum theory will not be familiar to many IR readers, the subsections provide a broad brushstroke of concepts, their meaning, and place within quantum theory, as they relate to the emotions literature. This sets the stage for looking, in section two, at empirical examples relating to forced displacement and war to illustrate the relevance to a concept of entangled emotions. The third section examines some of the potentials and limitations of a quantum approach to emotions.
Social Stereotypes
Authors: Bai Xuechunzi , Nicolas Gandalf , Fiske Susan T. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Psychological theories continue to expand our understanding of stereotype content and processes. Stereotype content refers to what people think about social groups’ characteristics. Stereotype processes reflect how people integrate information to navigate social interactions. Advances in artificial intelligence introduce innovative analytical tools to revolutionize how psychologists understand stereotypes. Content research builds on theory-driven surveys (e.g. warmth and competence), to data-driven multidimensional scaling (e.g. belief), to large-scale linguistic analysis (e.g. emotion, appearance) to describe a myriad of dimensions people use for social evaluations. Process research starts from an information-processor metaphor (e.g. decoding, encoding), to the predictive brain (e.g. statistical learning, probabilistic modeling), and now to a feedback loop framework (e.g. reinforcement learning, algorithmic bias), paving the way to understand how and why people evaluate others. Understanding stereotypes is a collective enterprise, as evidenced by the scholarly debate that has helped move the field forward.
Olivine Time-Capsules Constrain the Pre-Eruptive History of Holocene Basalts, Mount Meager Volcanic Complex, British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Aufrère S M , Williams-Jones G , Moune S , Morgan D J , Vigouroux N , Russell J K 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The Canadian segment of the Cascade Volcanic Arc (i.e. the Garibaldi Volcanic Belt) comprises more than 100 eruptive centres, spanning the entire Quaternary period (Pleistocene to Holocene in age), and with deposits ranging in composition from alkaline basalt to rhyolite. At least one of the volcanoes is currently active; Mount Meager / Q̓welq̓welústen erupted explosively 2360 years BP and has ongoing fumarolic activity. Long-term forecasting of eruption frequency and style depends on reconstruction of the history and timescales of magmatic processes preceding previous volcanic eruptions. Utilising diffusion chronometry, we investigate the Mount Meager Volcanic Complex focusing on Holocene olivine-phyric basalts (Lillooet Glacier basalts) exposed by the retreat of the Lillooet Glacier. We identify two distinct olivine populations in samples of quenched, glassy basalt lavas that record different magmatic processes and histories. Glomerocrysts of Fo83 olivine phenocrysts, entrained and transported by a hot mafic input, form Population 1. These exhibit resorption and normally zoned outermost rim compositions of Fo76–78; a third of them also show interior reverse compositional zoning. A second population of skeletal microphenocrysts have the same composition as the phenocryst rims (i.e. Fo76–78) and are in equilibrium with the adjacent matrix glass. We estimate the pre-eruptive temperature-fO2 conditions in a shallow reservoir (100 MPa; ~3 km) for a melt with H2O content of 0.5 to 1 wt % as ~1097°C to 1106°C (± 30°C), and NNO + 0.5 (±1.1), respectively. Using these input parameters, we report Fe-Mg diffusion chronometry results for 234 normally zoned profiles from 81 olivine phenocrysts. Diffusion modelling of compositional profiles in oriented crystals indicates pre-eruptive magmatic residence times of 1 to 3 months. These remarkably short residence times in shallow reservoirs prior to eruption suggest very short periods of unrest may precede future eruptions.