bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thrombopoietin/MPL signaling confers growth and survival capacity to CD41-positive cells in a mouse model of Evi1 leukemia
Authors: Nishikawa Satoshi , Arai Shunya , Masamoto Yosuke , Kagoya Yuki , Toya Takashi , Watanabe-Okochi Naoko , Kurokawa Mineo 
Published: October 2014

Key PointsExpression of ITGA2B (CD41) and MPL positively correlates with that of EVI1 in acute myeloid leukemia patients. Thrombopoietin/MPL signaling enhances growth and survival of CD41+ Evi1 leukemia cells with a high leukemia-initiating capacity.
SLAP/SLAP2 prevent excessive platelet (hem)ITAM signaling in thrombosis and ischemic stroke in mice
Authors: Cherpokova Deya , Bender Markus , Morowski Martina , Kraft Peter , Schuhmann Michael K. , Akbar Sarah M. , Sultan Cheryl S. , Hughes Craig E. , Kleinschnitz Christoph , Stoll Guido , Dragone Leonard L. , Watson Steve P. , Tomlinson Michael G. , Nieswandt Bernhard 
Published: October 2014

Key Points
SLAP and SLAP2 have redundant functions in the regulation of platelet (hem)ITAM signaling. SLAP and SLAP2 in platelets limit occlusive thrombus formation and ischemic brain infarction.
Biosimilars: the science of extrapolation
Authors: Weise Martina , Kurki Pekka , Wolff-Holz Elena , Bielsky Marie-Christine , Schneider Christian K. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Despite the establishment of a specific approval pathway, the issuance of detailed scientific guidelines for the development of similar biological medicinal products (so-called “biosimilars”) and the approval of several biosimilars in the European Union, acceptance of biosimilars in the medical community continues to be low. This is especially true in therapeutic indications for which no specific clinical trials with the biosimilar have been performed and that have been licensed based on extrapolation of efficacy and safety data from other indications. This article addresses the concerns frequently raised in the medical community about the use of biosimilars in such extrapolated indications and explains the underlying scientific and regulatory decision making including some real-life examples from recently licensed biosimilars.
Enhanced anticancer activity of DM1-loaded star-shaped folate-core PLA-TPGS nanoparticles
Authors: Tang Xiaolong , Liang Yong , Zhu Yongqiang , Cai Shiyu , Sun Leilei , Chen Tianyi 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The efficient delivery of therapeutic drugs into interested cells is a critical challenge to broad application of nonviral vector systems. In this research, emtansine (DM1)-loaded star-shaped folate-core polylactide-d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (FA-PLA-TPGS-DM1) copolymer which demonstrated superior anticancer activity in vitro/vivo in comparison with linear FA-PLA-TPGS nanoparticles was applied to be a vector of DM1 for FR+ breast cancer therapy. The DM1- or coumarin 6-loaded nanoparticles were fabricated, and then characterized in terms of size, morphology, drug encapsulation efficiency, and in vitro drug release. And the viability of MCF-7/HER2 cells treated with FA-DM1-nanoparticles (NPs) was assessed. Severe combined immunodeficient mice carrying MCF-7/HER2 tumor xenografts were treated in several groups including phosphate-buffered saline control, DM1, DM1-NPs, and FA-DM1-NPs. The antitumor activity was then assessed by survival time and solid tumor volume. All the specimens were prepared for formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue sections for hematoxylin-eosin staining. The data showed that the FA-DM1-NPs could efficiently deliver DM1 into MCF-7/HER2 cells. The cytotoxicity of DM1 to MCF-7/HER2 cells was significantly increased by FA-DM1-NPs when compared with the control groups. In conclusion, the FA-DM1-NPs offered a considerable potential formulation for FR+ tumor-targeting biotherapy.
Cell localisation of gadolinium-based nanoparticles and related radiosensitising efficacy in glioblastoma cells
Authors: Štefančíková Lenka , Porcel Erika , Eustache Pierre , Li Sha , Salado Daniela , Marco Sergio , Guerquin-Kern Jean-Luc , Réfrégiers Matthieu , Tillement Olivier , Lux François , Lacombe Sandrine 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Recently, the addition of nanoparticles (NPs) has been proposed as a new strategy to enhance the effect of radiotherapy particularly in the treatment of aggressive tumors such as glioblastoma. The physical processes involved in radiosensitisation by nanoparticles have been well studied although further understanding of its biological impact is still lacking, and this includes the localisation of these NPs in the target cells. Most studies were performed with NPs tagged with fluorescent markers. However, the presence of these markers can influence the NPs uptake and localisation. In this study, a set of methods was used to unambiguously and fully characterise the uptake of label-free NPs, their co-localisation with cell organelles, and their radiosensitising efficacy. This set was applied to the case of gadolinium-based nanoparticles (GdBN) used to amplify the radiation killing of U87 glioblastoma cells extracted from highly aggressive human tumor. For the first time, Synchrotron Radiation Deep UV (SR-DUV) microscopy is proposed as a new tool to track label-free GdBN. It confirmed the localisation of the NPs in the cytoplasm of U87 cells and the absence of NPs in the nucleus. In a second step, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) demonstrated that GdBN penetrate cells by endocytosis. Third, using confocal microscopy it was found that GdBN co-localise with lysosomes but not with mitochondria. Finally, clonogenic assay measurements proved that the presence of NPs in the lysosomes induces a neat amplification of the killing of glioblastoma cells irradiated by gamma rays. The set of combined experimental protocols—TEM, SR-DUV and confocal microscopy—demonstrates a new standard method to study the localisation of label-free NPs together with their radiosensitising properties. This will further the understanding of NP-induced radiosentisation and contribute to the development of nanoagents for radiotherapy.
Metabolism of alkenes and ketones by Candida maltosa and related yeasts
Authors: Beier Andy , Hahn Veronika , Bornscheuer Uwe T , Schauer Frieder 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Knowledge is scarce about the degradation of ketones in yeasts. For bacteria a subterminal degradation of alkanes to ketones and their further metabolization has been described which always involved Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases (BVMOs). In addition, the question has to be clarified whether alkenes are converted to ketones, in particular for the oil degrading yeast Candida maltosa little is known. In this study we show the degradation of the aliphatic ketone dodecane-2-one by Candida maltosa and the related yeasts Candida tropicalis, Candida catenulata and Candida albicans as well as Trichosporon asahii and Yarrowia lipolytica. One pathway is initiated by the formation of decyl acetate, resulting from a Baeyer-Villiger-oxidation of this ketone. Beyond this, an initial reduction to dodecane-2-ol by a keto reductase was clearly shown. In addition, two different ways to metabolize dodec-1-ene were proposed. One involved the formation of dodecane-2-one and the other one a conversion leading to carboxylic and dicarboxylic acids. Furthermore the induction of ketone degrading enzymes by dodecane-2-one and dodec-1-ene was shown. Interestingly, with dodecane no subterminal degradation products were detected and it did not induce any enzymes to convert dodecane-2-one.
Holotype specimens and type citations: General issues
Authors: McNeill John 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAs specification of a holotype has only been necessary for valid publication of a name of a species or infraspecific taxon since 1 January 1990, for names published before that date it is often uncertain if a holotype exists, and, if it does, where it is located. The rules governing holotype recognition are outlined and suggestions for best practice are made.
Repeated evolution of endoscopic peripheral vascular bundles in succulent leaves of Aizoaceae (Caryophyllales)
Authors: Melo-de-Pinna Gladys F.A. , Ogura Aline S. , Arruda Emilia C.P. , Klak Cornelia 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe investigated the presence and orientation of peripheral vascular bundles in leaves of 81 species representing 72 genera of Aizoaceae. Our study included a wide range of morphological shapes of leaves sampled from all four subfamilies of Aizoaceae, with an emphasis on succulent leaves found in Mesembryanthemoideae and Ruschioideae. Our anatomical studies revealed that only three of the four subfamilies in Aizoaceae have peripheral vascular bundles in their leaves, i.e., Sesuvioideae, Mesembryanthemoideae and Ruschioideae. Apart from Sesuvium (Sesuvioideae), all other species with peripheral vascular bundles have an endoscopic orientation, i.e., the phloem is positioned closer to the epidermis, whereas the xylem is pointing towards the interior of the leaf. This contrasts the situation in other Caryophyllales, where, with the exception of Borszczowia (Amaranthaceae), two different types of three‐dimensional venations were observed. The distinct types of three‐dimensional venation may in turn provide clues to the different pathways by which the similar leaves evolved. Endoscopic peripheral vascular bundles in Aizoaceae were only found in species with an expanded leaf base and (sub‐)cylindrical to trigonous leaves. Although flat‐bladed species of Aizoaceae generally have no peripheral vascular bundles, they were present in Delosperma tradescantioides (Ruschioideae: Ruschieae). Persistent, flat leaves are very rare within the hyperdiverse Ruschieae, which typically have (sub‐)cylindrical to trigonous leaves. Thus, the presence of peripheral vascular bundles in leaves of D. tradescantioides indicates that flat‐bladed, persistent leaves constitute a reversal within tribe Ruschieae. The additional presence of lateral bundles in the outer lamina of leaves of D. tradescantioides can be interpreted as a regain of planate venation. Mapping the evolution of peripheral vascular bundles onto a phylogeny of the Aizoaceae suggests that this character evolved repeatedly within subfamilies Mesembryanthemoideae and Ruschioideae.
Knowledge and experiences of newly qualified prescribers in Ireland
Authors: Condell Ingrid , Faherty Sheila , Fitzpatrick Marva 
Published: October 2014

Aim: The aim of this study was to explore the knowledge and experiences of newly qualified prescribers in Ireland in their expanded role. Methods: The design was one of mixed methods utilizing a sequential exploratory strategy. The study was conducted in two phases. The first phase took a qualitative descriptive approach to explore the issues surrounding the introduction of prescribing. A unique data collection instrument in the form of a questionnaire was developed in the second phase which facilitated the collection of quantitative data, to explore and support the qualitative findings. Results: Prescribers have high levels of clinical experience and academic achievement and experienced increased levels of job satisfaction, autonomy, responsibility and accountability. Participants' engagement in continuing professional development was poor but prescribers were open to considering different methods of evaluation.
Imaging in patients with chronic granulomatous disease
Authors: Murguia-Favela Luis , Manson David 
Published: October 2014

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a primary immunodeficiency caused by defects in any of the subunits of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase complex, required for proper phagocyte killing of bacteria and fungi. Most of the cases are X-linked, but autosomal recessive cases have also been identified. Patients suffer from recurrent, life-threatening infections and granulomatous inflammation of the skin, lymph nodes, lungs, liver, spleen, brain, and bones. CGD can be cured by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Imaging studies such as radiography, ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging play a key role in identifying the changes driven by both infection and dysregulated inflammation. These studies are critical for guiding management of this disorder. We present the most illustrative images from 7 patients with CGD. Statement of novelty: Imaging studies are highly useful for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of patients with CGD. We present images from children with CGD that manifested their disease in different organs and tissues, illustrating the typical location of infections and dysregulated inflammation in these types of patients.
Thermal, spectral, and surface properties of LED light-polymerized bulk fill resin composites
Authors: Pişkin Mehmet Burçin , Atalı Pınar Yılmaz , Figen Aysel Kantürk 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the thermal, spectral, and surface properties of four different bulk fill materials – SureFil SDR (SDR, Dentsplay DETREY), QuixFil (QF, Dentsplay DETREY), X-tra base (XB, Voco) X-tra fil (XF, Voco) – polymerized by light-emitting diode (LED). Resin matrix, filler type, size and amount, and photoinitiator types influence the degree of conversion. LED-cured bulk fill composites achieved sufficient polymerization. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis revealed different patterns of surface roughness, depending on the composite material. Bulk fill materials showed surface characteristics similar to those of nanohybrid composites. Based on the thermal analysis results, glass transition (Tg) and initial degradation (Ti) temperatures changed depending on the bulk fill resin composites.
Optimal constructions for ID-based one-way-function key predistribution schemes
realizing specified communication graphs
Authors: Paterson Maura B. , Stinson Douglas R. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
We study a method for key predistribution in a network of n users where pairwise keys are computed by hashing users' IDs along with secret information that has been (pre)distributed to the network users by a trusted entity. A communication graph G can be specified to indicate which pairs of users should be able to compute keys. We determine necessary and sufficient conditions for schemes of this type to be secure. We also consider the problem of minimizing the storage requirements of such a scheme;
we are interested in the total storage as well as the maximum storage required by any user. Minimizing the total storage is NP-hard, whereas minimizing the maximum storage required by a user can be computed in polynomial time.
Temperature effects in metal-clad semiconductor nanolasers
Authors: Gu Qing , Smalley Joseph S.T. , Shane Janelle , Bondarenko Olesya , Fainman Yeshaiahu 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAs the field of semiconductor nanolasers becomes mature in terms of both the miniaturization to the true sub-wavelength scale, and the realization of room temperature devices, the integrated treatment of multiple design aspects beyond pure electromagnetic consideration becomes necessary to further advance the field. In this review, we focus on one such design aspect: temperature effects in nanolasers. We summarize recent efforts in understanding the interplay of various temperature-dependent parameters, and study their effects on optical mode and emission characteristics. Building on this knowledge, nanolasers with improved thermal performance can be designed, and their performance evaluated. Although this review focuses on metal-clad semiconductor lasers because of their suitability for dense chip-scale integration, these thermal considerations also apply to the broader field of nanolasers.
The soluble copolymers of polyalkylthiophenes with different molar ratios of co-mers
Authors: Czerwiński Wojciech , Malinowski Rafał 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Three novel soluble copolymers of poly(3-penthylthiophene) [P(3PT)] and poly(3-phosphate diethyl 3-thienylmethyl) [P(3FT)] of different molar ratios of co-mers (3:1, 1:1 and 1:3) have been chemically synthesised. The final copolymers were obtained by functionalisation of poly(3-penthylthiophene-co-3-bromomethylthiophene) [P(3PT-co-3BT)] copolymers, because P(3FT) monomer does not couple in position 2-5′ of the copolymers. The structure and physical-chemical properties of resulting polymer was investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), visible and ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV-Vis), photoluminescence and direct current (DC) measurements. By changing the molar ratios of monomers during synthesis we can “tailor” the photoemission of resulting copolymers. The room temperature conductivity distinctly increases after doping by electrons’ acceptor. The polymers studied are good candidates for potential commercial applications.
Inhibitor‐3 ensures bipolar mitotic spindle attachment by limiting association of SDS22 with kinetochore‐bound protein phosphatase‐1
Authors: Eiteneuer Annika , Seiler Jonas , Weith Matthias , Beullens Monique , Lesage Bart , Krenn Veronica , Musacchio Andrea , Bollen Mathieu , Meyer Hemmo 
Published: October 2014

AbstractFaithful chromosome segregation during mitosis is tightly regulated by opposing activities of Aurora B kinase and protein phosphatase‐1 (PP1). PP1 function at kinetochores has been linked to SDS22, but the exact localization of SDS22 and how it affects PP1 are controversial. Here, we confirm that SDS22 is required for PP1 activity, but show that SDS22 does not normally localize to kinetochores. Instead, SDS22 is kept in solution by formation of a ternary complex with PP1 and inhibitor‐3 (I3). Depletion of I3 does not affect the amount of PP1 at kinetochores but causes quantitative association of SDS22 with PP1 on KNL1 at the kinetochore. Such accumulation of SDS22 at kinetochores interferes with PP1 activity and inhibits Aurora B threonine‐232 dephosphorylation, which leads to increased Aurora B activity in metaphase and persistence in anaphase accompanied with segregation defects. We propose a model in which I3 regulates an SDS22‐mediated PP1 activation step in solution that precedes SDS22 dissociation and transfer of PP1 to kinetochores, and which is required for PP1 to efficiently antagonize Aurora B.
Ectopic Centromere Nucleation by CENP-A in Fission Yeast
Authors: Gonzalez Marlyn , He Haijin , Dong Qianhua , Sun Siyu , Li Fei 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe centromere is a specific chromosomal locus that organizes the assembly of the kinetochore. It plays a fundamental role in accurate chromosome segregation. In most eukaryotic organisms, each chromosome contains a single centromere the position and function of which are epigenetically specified. Occasionally, centromeres form at ectopic loci, which can be detrimental to the cell. However, the mechanisms that protect the cell against ectopic centromeres (neocentromeres) remain poorly understood. Centromere protein-A (CENP-A), a centromere-specific histone 3 (H3) variant, is found in all centromeres and is indispensable for centromere function. Here we report that the overexpression of CENP-ACnp1 in fission yeast results in the assembly of CENP-ACnp1 at noncentromeric chromatin during mitosis and meiosis. The noncentromeric CENP-A preferentially assembles near heterochromatin and is capable of recruiting kinetochore components. Consistent with this, cells overexpressing CENP-ACnp1 exhibit severe chromosome missegregation and spindle microtubule disorganization. In addition, pulse induction of CENP-ACnp1 overexpression reveals that ectopic CENP-A chromatin can persist for multiple generations. Intriguingly, ectopic assembly of CENP-Acnp1 is suppressed by overexpression of histone H3 or H4. Finally, we demonstrate that deletion of the N-terminal domain of CENP-Acnp1 results in an increase in the number of ectopic CENP-A sites and provide evidence that the N-terminal domain of CENP-A prevents CENP-A assembly at ectopic loci via the ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. These studies expand our current understanding of how noncentromeric chromatin is protected from mistakenly assembling CENP-A.
Topological States in 1D Photonic Quasi-crystals
Authors: Vasconcelos M.S. , Albuquerque E.L. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTWe investigated theoretically the transmission spectra in one-dimensional photonic quasicrystals (1DPQ) made up from dielectric materials organized in accordance to a discrete varying electric permittivity profile that obeys an analogous of the quasiperiodic potential in the so-called Audry-André (AA) model, in order to modulate the refraction index. Our results show that due to the incommensurate dielectric distribution, the spectrum splits into a fractal set of pass- and forbidden-band structure. By studying the transmission spectra as a function of the modulation phase ϕ, we found boundary states lying within the gaps localized either on the left or on the right boundary of the system, characterizing the so-called topological states.
Investigating the Association Between Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Periodontitis
Authors: Loke Weiqiang , Girvan Thomas , Ingmundson Paul , Verrett Ronald , Schoolfield John , Mealey Brian L. 
Published: October 2014

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep disorder characterized by disruptions of normal sleep architecture. Chronic periodontitis is a chronic disease of the periodontium that elicits a general inflammatory response to local dental plaque. It has been suggested that periodontal disease may increase in severity with increasingly severe OSA because both disease entities share common inflammatory pathways, acting synergistically to alter the host response. The aim of this study is to analyze the association between severity of OSA and the prevalence/severity of periodontitis.Methods: One hundred patients from a large veterans administration sleep study center (n = 26 normal, n = 21 mild, n = 19 moderate, n = 34 severe) diagnosed with an overnight polysomnogram underwent a comprehensive periodontal examination. Periodontal parameters measured included the following: 1) mean periodontal probing depth (PD); 2) clinical attachment level (CAL); 3) gingival recession; and 4) percentage of sites with bleeding on probing, plaque, PD ≥5 mm, and CAL ≥3 mm.Results: Seventy‐three percent of the sampled population had moderate/severe periodontal disease. χ2 analyses revealed no significant differences in the prevalence of periodontal disease between the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) groups, with a negligible Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.246 between AHI severity and periodontal disease severity categories. Analysis of covariance indicated a significant association between AHI severity categories and percentage of sites with plaque, after adjusting for age. Multivariable logistic regression analysis predicting moderate/severe periodontitis with AHI score, age, and smoking status indicated a significant association with age (P = 0.028) but no significant association with the other two predictors.Conclusion: OSA was not significantly associated with the prevalence of moderate/severe periodontitis and the periodontal parameters examined, except percentage plaque.