bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Criteria for and outcomes of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant in children, adolescents and young adults with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in first complete remission
Authors: Hochberg Jessica , Khaled Samer , Forman Stephen J. , Cairo Mitchell S. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryMost children, adolescents and young adults with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in first complete remission (CR1) have an excellent prognosis with multi‐agent chemotherapy in induction, consolidation, re‐induction and maintenance therapy. However, there is a subset of patients with a more guarded prognosis using this approach, who may benefit from haematopoietic allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT). Commonly used criteria for alloHSCT in children, adolescents and young adults with ALL in CR1 include: induction failure, poor cytogenetics, persistent minimal residual disease (MRD), age, immunophenotype, white blood cell count at diagnosis and rapidity of induction response. Two‐year event‐free survival following alloHSCT in patients with ALL in CR1 ranges from 50 to 80% depending on disease status, donor source, conditioning therapy, age and other risk factors. Future studies should focus on more precisely identifying poor‐risk features, such as disease genomics and host pharmacogenomics, refining MRD measurements, improving unrelated donor matching, reducing MRD prior to alloHSCT, and developing post‐alloHSCT humoral and cellular therapy approaches.
FROM DISCRETE TO CONTINUOUS‐TIME TRANSITION MATRICES IN INTRA‐DISTRIBUTION DYNAMICS ANALYSIS: AN APPLICATION TO PER CAPITA WEALTH IN EUROPE
Authors: Hierro María , Maza Adolfo 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTPrevious studies focusing on the intra‐distribution dynamics analysis have usually computed, in a Markov chain framework, discrete‐time transition matrices. Such an approach, however, can involve some limitations, especially when using stock variables. In order to illustrate the importance of the time‐scale issue when estimating transition matrices, this paper applies both discrete and continuous‐time approaches to a set of cross‐national European data on per capita wealth for the period 2000–10. The results reveal, on the one hand, that the continuous‐time estimation provides a most accurate estimation of transition probabilities and, on the other, that the differences between both approaches are especially remarkable in the long‐term equilibrium distribution.
Predominance of activated, clonally expanded T helper type 17 cells within the CD4+ T cell population in psoriatic lesions
Authors: Lewis B J , Rajpara S , Haggart A M , Wilson H M , Barker R N , Ormerod A D 
Published: February 2013

Summary
Recent evidence points to the T helper type 17 (Th17) subset as key in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, but cells of this type in lesions remain to be fully characterized. Here we isolated, enumerated, functionally tested and clonotyped the CD4+ Th cell population ex vivo from lesional biopsies and paired peripheral blood samples from psoriasis patients. Th17 cells were over-represented dramatically in lesions from all patients, representing 49–93% of CD4+ Th cells compared with 3–18% in blood. Most lesional Th17 cells produced interleukin (IL)-17A ex vivo without further stimulation and expressed the CD45RO+ phenotype characteristic of activated or memory cells. There was no increase in ‘natural’ [CD25hiforkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3+)] regulatory T cells in lesions versus peripheral blood, but there was enrichment of ‘induced’ IL-10+ regulatory T cell numbers in biopsies from some patients. The lesional Th17 cells exhibited a bias in T cell receptor Vβ chain usage, suggestive of specific expansion by antigen. The therapeutic challenge is to overcome the dominance of overwhelming numbers of such antigen-specific Th17 cells in psoriatic lesions.
Screening colonoscopy in liver transplant candidates: risks and findings
Authors: Weismüller Tobias J. , Bleich Florian , Negm Ahmed A. , Schneider Andrea , Lankisch Tim O. , Manns Michael P. , Strassburg Christian P. , Wedemeyer Jochen 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe indication for mandatory screening colonoscopies in liver transplant candidates is controversial. Since the introduction of MELD‐based allocation, patients with advanced liver disease and often severe comorbidities are prioritized for liver transplantation (LT). This study evaluated safety and outcome of colonoscopy in this high‐risk patient group. During a two‐yr period, we performed 243 colonoscopies in potential LT candidates. Endoscopic findings were registered in a standardized form, and correlations with biochemical or clinical parameters were analyzed using Mann–Whitney U‐test and chi‐square test. Only 57 patients (23.5%) had an endoscopically normal colon. Main findings were polyps (45.7%), hypertensive colopathy (24.3%), diverticulosis (21%), rectal varices (19.8%), and hemorrhoids (13.6%). In 21% of all patients, the removed polyps were diagnosed as adenomas. The prevalence of neoplastic polyps increased significantly with age: 13.6% (patients <50 yr) vs. 25% (patients ≥50 yr) (p = 0.03). Advanced neoplasia was found only in patients older than 40 yr. No major complications were observed; post‐interventional hemorrhage was observed in 1.7% and controlled by clipping or injection therapy. In conclusion, lower gastrointestinal endoscopy is safe and effective in LT candidates. Due to the age dependency of neoplastic polyps, a screening colonoscopy should be performed in LT candidates older than 40 yr or with symptoms or additional risk factors.
Clinical analysis of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma after living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Yoon Young Chul , Hong Tae Ho , You Young Kyoung , Kim Dong Goo 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis study aimed to analyze the clinical outcomes and factors influencing the outcome in the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). Between October, 1997 and September, 2010, 25 (16.0%) of 156 patients who had undergone LDLT for HCC experienced recurrence. All patients with recurrence, with a single exception, were in the high‐risk group. Among patients with recurrence, 76.0% of patients experienced recurrence within one yr after LDLT. One‐ and five‐yr survival rates of recurred patients were 56.0% and 8.6%, respectively. Among them, 32% of patients were treated with curative‐intent treatment, and their one‐ and five‐yr survival rates were 62.5% and 25.0%, respectively. Beyond the Milan criteria at liver transplantation (LT) (p = 0.032), multiple recurrence (p = 0.001), and palliative treatment for recurrent tumors (p = 0.049) were related to poor survival after recurrence. Additionally, the independent prognostic factors included multiple recurrence (p = 0.005) and the Milan criteria at LT (p = 0.047). Because almost all recurrent cases belonged to the high‐risk group and recurred within two yr, the high‐risk group should undergo close follow‐up for early detection and be treated with liver‐directed therapies. Although the prognosis of recurrent HCC after LDLT is poor, long‐term survival can be expected on a single recurrence and curative treatment.
Were the Hartz Reforms Responsible for the Improved Performance of the German Labour Market?
Authors: Akyol Metin , Neugart Michael , Pichler Stefan 
Published: February 2013

AbstractFrom 2005 to 2011 employment rose and unemployment rates declined considerably in Germany. This favourable development followed the labour market reforms initiated in 2003, and there has been a tendency to attribute the improved labour market performance to those reforms. Causal micro‐evaluations of the various measures, however, show hardly any effects on variables that can be related to employment. Rather, it seems that employment increased in response to a process of wage moderation that had already begun in the 1990s. It is possible that this moderation was itself partially a product of the reforms, but this needs further investigation.
Do Private Prisons Really offer Savings Compared with their Public Counterparts?
Authors: Kish Richard J. , Lipton Amy F. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractPrivate contracting of public services has been alleged to reduce costs. We address the critical question of whether private contracting really saves money, using the US prison privatisation experience as an example. Although the consensus in the literature identifies such savings, we raise economic issues of incomplete contracting, asymmetric information and moral hazard, which complicate matters. We discuss explicit, implicit, and agency costs that show that measuring the savings and quality impact of private contracting is more challenging than the literature suggests, and often inconclusive. This may suggest caution in designing solutions to cost pressures.
Restoring Credible Economic Governance to the Eurozone
Authors: Herzog Bodo , Hengstermann Katja 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis paper discusses new institutional rules for a stable and lasting European Monetary Union (EMU). We propose a return to a strict and sustainable economic governance framework, which is mainly driven by market forces within a smart rule‐based environment. Our recommendations are: (a) ex ante conditionalities with a tough monitoring process to avoid moral hazard in the future; (b) further enhancement of the Stability and Growth Pact; and (c) ultimo ratio punishment to be able to respond to the unique constellation of fiscal–monetary interaction and new rescue facilities. Countries violating fiscal rules for more than four years in a row will thus lose their fiscal sovereignty or will have to resign from the Eurozone. After fulfilling the ex ante conditionalities as well as all required criteria, the country either will recover its fiscal sovereignty, or, in case of exclusion, will be given the option to rejoin EMU under certain conditions.
Ethical Misconduct and the Global Financial Crisis
Authors: Sternberg Elaine 
Published: February 2013

AbstractOn both sides of the Atlantic, greed, the financial services industry and deregulation have been blamed for the ‘Global Financial Crisis’. The genuinely unethical conduct underlying it was actually much more fundamental, pervasive and pernicious; it was positively encouraged by lax fiscal policy and promoted by government‐generated moral hazards.
Quantitative evaluation of the combination between cytotoxic drug and efflux transporter inhibitors based on a tumour growth inhibition model
Authors: Sostelly Alexandre , Payen Léa , Guitton Jérôme , Pietro Attilio Di , Falson Pierre , Honorat Mylène , Boumendjel Ahcène , Gèze Annabelle , Freyer Gilles , Tod Michel 
Published: February 2013

AbstractATP‐Binding Cassette transporters such as ABCG2 confer resistance to various anticancer drugs including irinotecan and its active metabolite, SN38. Early quantitative evaluation of efflux transporter inhibitors‐cytotoxic combination requires quantitative drug‐disease models. A proof‐of‐concept study has been carried out for studying the effect of a new ABCG2 transporter inhibitor, MBLI87 combined to irinotecan in mice xenografted with cells overexpressing ABCG2. Mice were treated with irinotecan alone or combined to MBLI87, and tumour size was periodically measured. To model those data, a tumour growth inhibition model was developed. Unperturbed tumour growth was modelled using Simeoni's model. Drug effect kinetics was accounted for by a Kinetic–Pharmacodynamic approach. Effect of inhibitor was described with a pharmacodynamic interaction model where inhibitor enhances activity of cytotoxic. This model correctly predicted tumour growth dynamics from our study. MBLI87 increased irinotecan potency by 20% per μmol of MBLI87. This model retains enough complexity to simultaneously describe tumour growth and effect of this type of drug combination. It can thus be used as a template to early evaluate efflux transporter inhibitors in‐vivo.
Marine Rhodobacteraceae l‐haloacid dehalogenase contains a novel His/Glu dyad that could activate the catalytic water
Authors: Novak Halina R. , Sayer Christopher , Isupov Michail N. , Paszkiewicz Konrad , Gotz Dorothee , Mearns Spragg Andrew , Littlechild Jennifer A. 
Published: February 2013

The putative l‐haloacid dehalogenase gene (DehRhb) from a marine Rhodobacteraceae family was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The DehRhb protein was shown to be an l‐haloacid dehalogenase with highest activity towards brominated substrates with short carbon chains (≤ C3). The optimal temperature for enzyme activity was 55 °C, and the Vmax and Km were 1.75 μm·min−1·mg−1 of protein and 6.72 mm, respectively, when using monobromoacetic acid as a substrate. DehRhb showed moderate thermal stability, with a melting temperature of 67 °C. The enzyme demonstrated high tolerance to solvents, as shown by thermal shift experiments and solvent incubation assays. The DehRhb protein was crystallized and structures of the native, reaction intermediate and substrate‐bound forms were determined. The active site of DehRhb had significant differences from previously studied l‐haloacid dehalogenases. The asparagine and arginine residues shown to be essential for catalytic activity in other l‐haloacid dehalogenases are not present in DehRhb. The histidine residue which replaces the asparagine residue in DehRhb was coordinated by a conformationally strained glutamate residue that replaces a conserved glycine. The His/Glu dyad is positioned for deprotonation of the catalytic water which attacks the ester bond in the reaction intermediate. The catalytic water in DehRhb is shifted by ~ 1.5 Å from its position in other l‐haloacid dehalogenases. A similar His/Glu or Asp dyad is known to activate the catalytic water in haloalkane dehalogenases. The DehRhb enzyme represents a novel member within the l‐haloacid dehalogenase family and it has potential to be used as a commercial biocatalyst.DatabaseThe coordinates and structure factors of the crystal structures have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank with the codes 2yml, 2ymm, 2ymp, 2ymq and 2yn4. Nucleotide sequence data has been deposited in the GenBank database under the accession number JX868516.
Third Åland islands conference on vonWillebrand disease, 26–28September 2012: meeting report
Authors: Berntorp E. , Fuchs B. , Makris M. , Montgomery R. , Flood V. , O'Donnell J. S. , Federici A. B. , Lillicrap D. , James P. , Budde U. , Morfini M. , Petrini P. , Austin S. , Kannicht C. , Jiménez‐Yuste V. , Lee C. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryThe first meeting of international specialists in the field of von Willebrand disease (VWD) was held in the Åland islands in 1998 where Erik von Willebrand had first observed a bleeding disorder in some members of a family from Föglö and a summary of the meeting was published in 1999. The second meeting was held in 2010 and a report of the meeting was published in 2012. Topics covered included progress in understanding ofVWDover the last 50 years; multimers; classification ofVWD; pharmacokinetics and laboratory assays; genetics; treating the paediatric patient; prophylaxis; geriatrics; gene therapy and treatment guidelines. This third meeting held over 3 days covered the structure and function of von Willebrand factor (VWF); type 1VWD, the most common form of the disease; a lifespan of pharmacokinetics inVWD; detecting inhibitors inVWDpatients; and special challenges in understanding and treating the femaleVWDpatient.
Preferences for the “screen and treat” Strategy of Helicobacter pylori to Prevent Gastric Cancer in Healthy Korean Populations
Authors: Shin Dong Wook , Cho Juhee , Kim Su Hyun , Kim Young Joo , Choi Ho Chun , Son Ki Young , Park Sang Min , Park Jin Ho , Park Min Seon , Cho BeLong 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackgroundHelicobacter pylori (HP) eradication may reduce the risk of gastric cancer, and professional guidelines recommend eradication based on patients' preference. However, little data exist regarding individual's preference for HP eradication to prevent gastric cancer. We explored healthy Korean populations' preference for HP “screen and treat” strategy and its associated factors.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional survey with 604 healthy adults expected to undergo screening esophagogastroduodenoscopy during routine health checkups. Survey packages—including a decision aid about “screen and treat” strategy for the HP eradication—were sent to the eligible people 1–3 weeks before the health checkup. Within the survey package, we first assessed people's knowledge and experience with HP test and treatment, provided the decision aid, and evaluated participants' preference for screening and treatment for HP to prevent gastric cancer.ResultsWith the provision of the decision aid, most participants (73.7%) opted for the “screen and treat” strategy. Having family member(s) with gastric cancer (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.28; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.16–4.47), previous treatment history of HP (aOR = 2.70; 95% CI, 1.38–5.29), and higher baseline knowledge (aOR = 1.16; 95% CI, 1.07–1.26) were significantly associated with accepting the strategy. Most participants (71.4%)—and even individuals who did not choose “screen and treat” strategy—agreed with the provision with the decision aid.ConclusionsIndividuals preferred to take the “screen and treat” strategy for the prevention of gastric cancer. Further intervention study is warranted to see if implementation of decisional support would improve decision quality and patient outcomes.
THE IMPLICATIONS OF ROBERT BRANDOM'S INFERENTIALISM FOR INTELLECTUAL HISTORY
Authors: MARSHALL DAVID L. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTQuentin Skinner's appropriation of speech act theory for intellectual history has been extremely influential. Even as the model continues to be important for historians, however, philosophers now regard the original speech act theory paradigm as dated. Are there more recent initiatives that might reignite theoretical work in this area? This article argues that the inferentialism of Robert Brandom is one of the most interesting contemporary philosophical projects with historical implications. It shows how Brandom's work emerged out of the broad shift in the philosophy of language from semantics to pragmatics that also informed speech act theory. The article then goes on to unpack the rich implications of Brandom's inferentialism for the theory and practice of intellectual history. It contends that inferentialism clarifies, legitimizes, and informs intellectual historical practice, and it concludes with a consideration of the challenges faced by inferentialist intellectual history, together with an argument for the broader implications of Brandom's work.
1. INTRODUCTION
Authors: GRATTON BRIAN 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTWhy were mid‐nineteenth‐century Hispanic populations so small in what is now the American Southwest, after centuries of colonization? A brilliant new literature provides a model of explanation in the authority of formidable indigenous polities, especially that great power that Pekka Hämäläinen reveals to us in his book The Comanche Empire.1 Employing an exercise in cartographic history, centered on the Pecos River Valley, we can confirm a hypothesis drawn from that theoretical model: Comanche sway was so great that European mapmakers appear to have lost knowledge about that geographical region. This new historical model deserves close attention from scholars. In this forum, four leading historians, drawn from different fields, assess the contribution of The Comanche Empire.
4. GLOBALIZING THE COMANCHE EMPIRE
Authors: TUTINO JOHN 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTThe Comanche rose by adapting to the technological and trade opportunities brought to New Mexico by the eighteenth‐century expansion of New Spain's globally linked silver economy. They built an empire that flourished in the first half of the nineteenth century, dominating vast areas of the high plains and controlling complex trades, just as a social revolution within Mexico's wars of independence undermined the silver economy and ended its northward dynamism. Comanche power flourished between a struggling Mexico and an expanding US, until the military and industrial power of the latter combined with the ecological vulnerabilities of the Comanche economy to enable the Anglo‐American triumph in what should be called the War for North America of 1846–1848. The US claimed a continental West from an uncertain Mexican sovereignty and an assertive Comanche empire of war and trade. The expansion and collapse of New Spain, the rise and fall of the Comanche empire, and the rise of the United States all occurred within an evolving globalization. Spanish North America expanded to 1810; Comanche power rose in the eighteenth century and soared after 1810 as Mexico struggled with the challenges of nation‐making; then the United States defeated both to claim continental hegemony in the 1840s. These expansions, conflicts, and changes—all tied to larger processes of globalization—reshaped North America between 1700 and 1850.
Cement Selection for Implant‐Supported Crowns Fabricated with Different Luting Space Settings
Authors: Gultekin Pinar , Gultekin B. Alper , Aydin Murat , Yalcin Serdar 
Published: February 2013

AbstractPurpose: To measure and compare the retentive strength of cements specifically formulated for luting restorations onto implant abutments and to investigate the effect of varying cement gap on retention strength of implant‐supported crowns.Materials and Methods: Standard titanium abutments were scanned by means of a 3D digital laser scanner. One hundred and sixty standard metal copings were designed by a Computer Aided Design/Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) system with two cement gap values (20 and 40 μm). The copings were cemented to the abutments using the following eight cements with one being the control, zinc oxide temporary cement, while the other seven were specifically formulated implant cements (n = 10): Premier Implant Cement, ImProv, Multilink Implant, EsTemp Implant, Cem‐Implant, ImplaTemp, MIS Crown Set, and TempBond NE. The specimens were placed in 100% humidity for 24 hours, and subjected to a pull‐out test using a universal testing machine at a 0.5 mm/min crosshead speed. The test results were analyzed with two‐way ANOVA, one‐way ANOVA, post hoc Tamhane’ s T2, and student's t‐tests at a significance level of 0.05.Results: Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in retention strength across the cement groups (p < 0.01). Resin‐based cements showed significantly higher decementation loads than a noneugenol zinc oxide provisional cement (TempBond NE) (p < 0.01), with the highest tensile resistance seen with Multilink Implant, followed by Cem‐Implant, MIS Crown Set, ImProv, Premier Implant Cement, EsTemp Implant, and ImplaTemp. Increasing the cement gap from 20 to 40 μm improved retention significantly for the higher strength cements: Multilink Implant, Premier Implant Cement, ImProv, Cem‐Implant, and MIS Crown Set (p < 0.01), while it had no significant effect on retention for the lower strength cements: EsTemp Implant, ImplaTemp, and TempBond NE (p > 0.05).Conclusions: Resin cements specifically formulated for implant‐supported restorations demonstrated significant differences in retention strength. The ranking of cements presented in the study is meant to be an arbitrary guide for the clinician in deciding the appropriate cement selection for CAD/CAM‐fabricated metal copings onto implant abutments with different luting space settings.