bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Dynamic Moduli for Asphalt Mixtures Determined from Different Geometries and Compactions
Authors: Lacroix Andrew , Kim Y. Richard , Arellano Consuelo 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The MEPDG (ARA, Inc., “NCHRP 1–37A Final Report: Guide for Mechanistic-Empirical Design of New and Rehabilitated Pavement Structures,” NCHRP Program 1–37A Project, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 2004) introduces the dynamic modulus as the material property to characterize asphalt concrete. One of the challenges of acquiring the dynamic modulus from existing pavements is the standard dimensions of the test specimen. The specimen size specified in AASHTO TP62–07 (2007, “Standard Method of Test for Determining Dynamic Modulus of Hot-Mix Asphalt Concrete Mixtures,” AASHTO, Washington, D.C.) cannot be obtained from many pavement layers. This study evaluates two other geometries, indirect tension specimens and prismatic specimens, to determine whether the measured dynamic modulus is the same as the modulus obtained from TP62 protocol. This study provides a comparison of the effects of a non-uniform state of stress and anisotropy. These effects are isolated by comparing specimens prepared by Superpave gyratory compaction and vibratory steel-wheel compaction. The comparisons are verified using four 12.5-mm surface course mixtures with different aggregate shapes and binder types, and one 25.0-mm base mixture. The results show that the difference between the dynamic modulus values obtained from different geometries is statistically insignificant. The results provide justification for using alternative methods for acquiring the dynamic modulus experimentally—specifically, for previously constructed pavements.
Effect of welding on the fatigue strength of welded joints using the GMAW process in transformation induced plasticity steels (TRIP) used in the automotive industry
Authors: Lopez Victor , Reyes Arturo , Zambrano Patricia , Del Prado Joaquín 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTWelding of TRIP steels are one of the technical challenges in the successful application of AHSS in chassis structures. Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) is a common welding process used in the automotive industry, for joining mild steels. TRIP steel; however, do not offer the same ease of welding, and process control welding parameters is more critical. The welding parameters window represents the range of acceptable process parameters, primarily control of heat inputs, to obtain an acceptable weld. As a result, the effects of the heat input variations are greater and TRIP steel has a narrower welding parameters window in which acceptable welds can be made. Mechanical properties of the lap joints of TRIP 780 steel 2.8 mm thickness was analyzed, fusion welds were evaluated using fatigue tests on these joints for different heat inputs. Fatigue testing was conducted under a different number of nominal stress ranges to obtain the S/N curves of the weld joints.
Recovery from AKI and Short- and Long-Term Outcomes after Lung Transplantation
Authors: Wehbe Edgard , Duncan Andra E. , Dar Gohar , Budev Marie , Stephany Brian 
Published: October 2012

Summary

Background and objectives
Patients with AKI after lung transplantation are at increased risk for CKD and death. Whether patients who completely recover from AKI have improved long-term outcome compared with patients who do not completely recover remains unknown.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
This study retrospectively evaluated data on 657 patients who underwent lung transplantation from 1997 to 2009. Outcomes analyzed were the incidence of renal recovery after AKI and the association of this recovery with short- and long-term mortality. AKI was defined by an absolute increase in serum creatinine of ≥0.3 mg/dl or a percent increase in serum creatinine of ≥50% from baseline at any time during the first 2 weeks after transplantation.

Results
Four hundred twenty-four (65%) patients experienced AKI in the first 2 weeks after transplantation. Of these patients, complete renal recovery occurred in 142 (33%) patients. The incidence of in-hospital complications was similar between patients who recovered renal function and patients without recovery. At 1 year, the cumulative incidence of CKD was 14% and 22% (P=0.10) and patient survival rate was 81% and 76% (P=0.20) in patients with complete recovery from AKI and patients without recovery, respectively. Patients with completely recovered AKI had similar risk-adjusted long-term mortality compared with patients who did not recover (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]=1.42 [1.15–2.05] versus 1.53 [1.01–2.00]).

Conclusions
Patients who recover completely from early AKI after lung transplantation have a similar risk for CKD and long-term mortality compared with patients who do not recover.
How to Overcome Barriers and Establish a Successful Home HD Program
Authors: Young Bessie A. , Chan Christopher , Blagg Christopher , Lockridge Robert , Golper Thomas , Finkelstein Fred , Shaffer Rachel , Mehrotra Rajnish 
Published: October 2012

Summary
Home hemodialysis (HD) is an underused dialysis modality in the United States, even though it provides an efficient and probably cost-effective way to provide more frequent or longer dialysis. With the advent of newer home HD systems that are easier for patients to learn, use, and maintain, patient and provider interest in home HD is increasing. Although barriers for providers are similar to those for peritoneal dialysis, home HD requires more extensive patient training, nursing education, and infrastructure support in order to maintain a successful program. In addition, because many physicians and patients do not have experience with home HD, reluctance to start home HD programs is widespread. This in-depth review describes barriers to home HD, focusing on patients, individual physicians and practices, and dialysis facilities, and offers suggestions for how to overcome these barriers and establish a successful home HD program.
The Contagion Effect of Low-Quality Audits
Authors: Francis Jere R. , Michas Paul N. 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACT
We investigate if the existence of low-quality audits in an auditor office indicates the presence of a “contagion effect” on the quality of other (concurrent) audits conducted by the office. A low-quality audit is defined as the presence of one or more clients with overstated earnings that were subsequently corrected by a downward restatement. We document that the quality of audited earnings (abnormal accruals) is lower for clients in these office-years (when the misreporting occurred) compared to a control sample of office-years with no restatements. This effect lasts for up to five subsequent years, indicating that audit firms do not immediately rectify the problems that caused contagion. We also find that an office-year with client misreporting is likely to have subsequent (new) client restatements over the next five fiscal years. Overall, the evidence suggests that certain auditor offices have systematic audit-quality problems and that these problems persist over time.
Data Availability: All data are publicly available.
Low-grade glioma surgery in eloquent areas: volumetric analysis of extent of resection and its impact on overall survival. A single-institution experience in 190 patients
Authors: Ius Tamara , Isola Miriam , Budai Riccardo , Pauletto Giada , Tomasino Barbara , Fadiga Luciano , Skrap Miran 
Published: October 2012

Object
A growing number of published studies have recently demonstrated the role of resection in overall survival (OS) for patients with gliomas. In this retrospective study, the authors objectively investigated the role of the extent of resection (EOR) in OS in patients with low-grade gliomas (LGGs).

Methods
Between 1998 and 2011, 190 patients underwent surgery for LGGs. All surgical procedures were conducted under corticosubcortical stimulation. The EOR was established by analyzing the pre- and postoperative volumes of the gliomas on T2-weighted MRI studies. The difference between the preoperative tumor volumes was also investigated by measuring the volumetric difference between the T2- and T1-weighted MRI images (ΔVT2T1) to evaluate how the diffusive tumor-growing pattern affected the EOR achieved.

Results
The median preoperative tumor volume was 55 cm3, and in almost half of the patients the EOR was greater than 90%. In this study, patients with an EOR of 90% or greater had an estimated 5-year OS rate of 93%, those with EOR between 70% and 89% had a 5-year OS rate of 84%, and those with EOR less than 70% had a 5-year OS rate of 41% (p < 0.001). New postoperative deficits were noted in 43.7% of cases, while permanent deficits occurred in 3.16% of cases. There were 41 deaths (21.6%), and the median follow-up was 4.7 years.
A further volumetric analysis was also conducted to compare 2 different intraoperative protocols (Series 1 [intraoperative electrical stimulation alone] vs Series 2 [intraoperative stimulation plus overlap of functional MRI/fiber tracking diffusion tensor imaging data on a neuronavigation system]). Patients in Series 1 had a median EOR of 77%, while those in Series 2 had a median EOR of 90% (p = 0.0001). Multivariate analysis showed that OS is influenced not only by EOR (p = 0.001) but also by age (p = 0.003), histological subtype (p = 0.005), and the ΔVT2T1 value (p < 0.0001). Progression-free survival is similarly influenced by histological subtype (fibrillary astrocytoma, p = 0.003), EOR (p < 0.0001), and ΔVT2T1 value (p < 0.0001), as is malignant progression–free survival (p = 0.003, p < 0.0001, and p < 0.0001, respectively). Finally, the study shows that the higher the ΔVT2T1 value, the less extensive the currently possible resection, highlighting an apparent correlation between the ΔVT2T1 value itself and EOR (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions
The EOR and the ΔVT2T1 values are the strongest independent predictors in improving OS as well as in delaying tumor progression and malignant transformation. Furthermore, the ΔVT2T1 value may be useful as a predictive index for EOR. Finally, due to intraoperative corticosubcortical mapping and the overlap of functional data on the neuronavigation system, major resection is possible with an acceptable risk and a significant increase in expected OS.
Etiological factors of deafness and results of aided audiogram among below 12 years deaf children in a deaf school
Authors: Jamal Mohammad Nasimul , Ahsan Ali Imam , Sattar Mohammed , Hasnat Joarder Md Abul 
Published: October 2012

Introduction: Deafness is the invisible disability and the commonest human sensory defects. It leads to difficult speech development, poor educational and employment prospects of chilhood. Comprehensive otologic and audiological evaluations are very much essential for etiological assessment of hearing impaired children and management efficacy.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with the aim to evaluate the etiological factors, degree of hearing loss, type of hearing loss, and results of aided audiogram among the below 12 years deaf children. The study included 100 deaf children below 12 years with history of deafness and non-development of speech.Result: The etiology of deaf Children was diverse. Infection was the predominating etiological factor (38%). The infections were: measles (31.5%), pneumonia (26.2%), typhoid (21.5%), maternal rubella (5.2%), varicella (5.2%), mumps (5.2%) and meningitis (5.2%). 48% of deaf child had a parental suspicion of deafness below the one year of age. 35% had a positive family history and 32% had history of consanguinal marriage. The deaf children were managed with hearing device, among them 89% with hearing aid and 11% with cochlear implant 42.7% of child used hearing aid in both ears. The results of aided audiogram reflected that, the gain after using hearing aid within 31-60 dB were 80%. 10% in right ear, 71.10% in left year and 70.00% in both ears, so average gain after using hearing aid was 74% within 31- 60 dB. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v18i2.11981 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2012; 18(2): 103-108
Intranasal pressure splints - a reliable alternative to nasal packing in septal sur
Authors: Jawaid Arafat , Tahir Muhammad , Abdullah Ameer , Akbar Farhan , Jamalullah Muhammad 
Published: October 2012

Objective: To compare the outcome of nasal packing and intranasal pressure splints in patients undergoing septoplasty. Study design: Randomized controlled trial.Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at otorhinolaryngology department of Combined Military Hospitals, Bahawalpur and Murree from June 2010 to November 2011.Methods: A total of 160 patients aged 15 to 50 years, undergoing septoplasty, were included in the study and distributed in two equal groups. Group A with nasal packing, was compared with group B in which nasal splints were placed and no nasal packing was done. Post operative morbidity in terms of pain, headache, epiphora, dysphagia and sleep disturbance along with post operative complications including nasal bleed, septal hematoma and synechiae formation were assessed over a follow up period of four weeks.Results: Patients in which nasal packing was done had significantly more post operative pain (p < 0.05) and a significantly higher incidence of headache, epiphora, dysphagia and sleep disturbance on the night of surgery (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between two groups with respect to nasal bleeding, septal hematoma and synechiae formation.Conclusion: Pressure splints around nasal septum are effective alternative to nasal packing. With the use of these splints, nasal packing can be easily avoided following septal surgery, thus minimizing post operative discomfort of the patient. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v18i2.11985 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2012; 18(2): 124-128
Validated stability indicating gradient RP-HPLC method for the estimation of antihypertensive drugs in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms
Authors: Raj Napa Delhi , Anbazhagan Sockalingam , Babu Kunapareddy Anudeep , Babu Sunkara Narendra , Bhimanadhuni Chusena Narasimharaju 
Published: October 2012

A rapid and precise RP-HPLC method for determination of Olmesartan medoxomil and Hydrochlorothiazide in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. Olmesartan medoxomil & Hydrochlorothiazide are found to be degraded together under different set of conditions as followed according to ICH guidelines and the degradants so formed along with olmesartan & hydrochlorothiazide are separated by using INERTSIL ODS C18 3V (150 x 4.6, 5µ) using mobile phase 1ml triethanolamine in one litre water and the pH was adjusted to 2.5 with orthophosphoric acid and acetonitrile using a gradient program with a flow rate of 1ml/min, throughout the gradient program with a detection wavelength of 225nm for both the compounds with a injection volume of 10µl. The method was validated for selectivity, linearity, accuracy, robustness, precision and specificity. The results were indicating the method was selective in analysis of both olmesartan medoxomil and hydrochlorothiazide in the presence of degradation products formed under various stress conditions.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v1i11.12058 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 2012, 1(11): 336-341
Simultaneous determination of azathioprine and its metabolite 6-mercaptopurine in human plasma using solid phase extraction-evaporation and liquid chromatographypositive electrospray tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Raja Mokkaisamy Jegadeesh , Kavitha Jegadeesh Raja , Kumar Kothamasu Pavan , Sivakumar Thangavel 
Published: October 2012

A simple, rapid, specific, sensitive and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrophotometric method was developed and validated for the estimation of azathioprine and its metabolite 6-mercaptopurine in human plasma by using lamivudine and 6-mercaptopurine D3 as the internal standard. Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine were extracted from human plasma by solid-phase extraction (SPE)-Evaporation method, using Oasis MCX cartridge for cleaning procedure. The stationary phase was chromatographed on a ZORBAX SB CN, (75X50 mm, 5 µ) column where as mobile phase constitutes of acetonitrile: 2mM ammonium acetate (70:30 v/v) at a flow rate of 0.800 ml/min. The detection was performed with an Applied Biosystems Sciex API 4000 mass spectrometer by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). The method validation proofs were carried out as per the USFDA guidelines as described, showing a linearity system (r2 > 0.99) over a range of 2.455 ng/mL to 106.568 ng/mL for azathioprine and 1.165 ng/mL to 101.143 ng/mL concentrations for 6-mercaptopurine and a recovery shows 99.36% and 100.44% for azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine respectively. The results show that this proposed approach is effective and can be applied to the extraction and analysis of other pharmaceutical compounds.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v1i11.12059 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 2012, 1(11): 342-352
Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN): Method, Characterization and Applications
Authors: Garud Akanksha , Singh Deepti , Garud Navneet 
Published: October 2012

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) have emerged as a next-generation drug delivery system with potential applications in pharmaceutical field, cosmetics, research, clinical medicine and other allied sciences. Recently, increasing attention has been focused on these SLN as colloidal drug carriers for incorporating hydrophilic or lipophilic drugs. Proteins and antigens intended for therapeutic purposes may be incorporated or adsorbed onto SLN, and further administered by parenteral routes or be alternative routes such as oral, nasal and pulmonary. The obstacles associated with conventional chemotherapy may be partially overcome by encapsulating them as SLN. The present review focuses on the utility of SLN in terms of their advantages, production methodology, characterization and applications. If properly investigated, SLNs may open new vistas in therapy of complex diseases.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v1i11.12065 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 2012, 1(11): 384-393
A Generic Framework for Modeling Brain Deformation as a Constrained Parametric Optimization Problem to Aid Non-diffeomorphic Image Registration in Brain Tumor Imaging
Authors: Mang A. , Toma A. , Schuetz T. A. , Becker S. , Buzug T. M. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryObjectives: In the present paper a novel computational framework for modeling tumor induced brain deformation as a biophysical prior for non-rigid image registration is described. More precisely, we aim at providing a generic building block for non-rigid image registration that can be used to resolve inherent irregularities in non-diffeomorphic registration problems that naturally arise in serial and cross-population brain tumor imaging studies due to the presence (or progression) of pathology.Methods: The model for the description of brain cancer dynamics on a tissue level is based on an initial boundary value problem (IBVP). The IBVP follows the accepted assumption that the progression of primary brain tumors on a tissue level is governed by proliferation and migration of cancerous cells into surrounding healthy tissue. The model of tumor induced brain deformation is phrased as a parametric, constrained optimization problem. As a basis of comparison and to demonstrate generalizability additional soft constraints (penalties) are considered. A backtracking line search is implemented in conjunction with a limited memory Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (LBFGS) method in order to handle the numerically delicate log-barrier strategy for confining volume change.Results: Numerical experiments are performed to test the flexible control of the computed deformation patterns in terms of varying model parameters. The results are qualitatively and quantitatively related to patterns in patient individual magnetic resonance imaging data.Conclusions: Numerical experiments demonstrate the flexible control of the computed deformation patterns. This in turn strongly suggests that the model can be adapted to patient individual imaging patterns of brain tumors. Qualitative and quantitative comparison of the computed cancer profiles to patterns in medical imaging data of an exemplary patient demonstrates plausibility. The designed optimization problem is based on computational tools widely used in non-rigid image registration, which in turn makes the model generally applicable for integration into non-rigid image registration algorithms.
Exploitation of a Laccase/Meldola’s Blue System for NAD+ Regeneration in Preparative Scale Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase‐Catalyzed Oxidations
Authors: Ferrandi Erica Elisa , Monti Daniela , Patel Ilabahen , Kittl Roman , Haltrich Dietmar , Riva Sergio , Ludwig Roland 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAn enzymatic regeneration system consisting of laccase and the 2H+/2e− redox mediator Meldola’s blue (MB) was developed for the efficient oxidation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) cofactor and employed in the gram‐scale oxidation of cholic acid (1) to its 7‐keto derivative (1a) by 7α‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (7α‐HSDH) in an aqueous, buffered reaction system. The regenerating enzyme, laccase, reduces molecular oxygen as terminal 4H+/4e− acceptor to water and concomitantly reoxidizes NADH via MB at high turnover rates. The regeneration system was successfully applied to quantitatively convert 1 (50 mM, 20.4 g) into 1a with a space‐time yield of 5.8 mmol L−1 h−1. High total turnover numbers were achieved for 7α‐HSDH (4.2×105) and laccase (1.1×106). Alternatively, the regeneration system was employed on the conversion of the methyl ester derivative of cholic acid (2, 200 mM, 5.9 g) dissolved in isopropyl acetate as organic solvent in a biphasic system. Due to the high concentration of 2 and the excellent performance of the enzymatic cascade reaction even under the harsh process conditions, space‐time yields of up to 20 mmol L−1 h−1 (8.5 g L−1 h−1) of the produced 7‐keto derivative 2a were obtained. The irreversibility and high driving force of the regenerating reaction allowed quantitative conversions and easy product recovery.
Cognitive and behavioral aspects of Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome
Authors: Diaz‐Stransky Andrea , Tierney Elaine 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe brain's high concentrations of cholesterol make it especially vulnerable to the cholesterol biosynthetic defect that characterizes Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome (SLOS). An attempt to characterize the cognitive and behavioral phenotype of SLOS has identified increased rates of intellectual disability, language and motor developmental delay, repeated self‐injury behaviors, sensory hyperreactivity, hyperactivity, affect dysregulation, and sleep disturbances. Some research has suggested that carriers of the gene mutation that results in SLOS display increased risk of suicidal behavior. Cholesterol dysregulation impairs neuroplasticity, which may be a mechanism underlying some of the mentioned abnormalities. Discrete positive effects have been reported with the use of cholesterol supplementation in the treatment of SLOS. Research has been limited by the small number of subjects available, and a limited understanding of lipid metabolism in the brain. Hopefully future research will help clarify the role that cholesterol plays in cognitive and behavioral abnormalities like the ones associated with SLOS. This would accelerate the development of treatments for SLOS, and perhaps also further understanding of non‐syndromic psychiatric disorders such as autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.