bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COIN BATTERY MODIFICATION TO PREVENT GASTROINTESTINAL INJURY FROM CURRENT FLOW
Authors: Baum EM , Baum CR 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundThe US Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) warns that battery-related injuries are increasing as small button or coin batteries become more prevalent in households. Since 1985, severe injuries and fatalities from these batteries have increased sevenfold. Young children and senior adults can swallow batteries, which may become lodged in the oesophagus, allowing electrical current to cause burns and haemorrhage.ObjectivesWe propose a modification of a standard coin battery to prevent current flow once removed from the battery compartment of a device.MethodsA modification of a standard coin battery allows current flow only when the battery compartment depresses a spring-loaded interlock mechanism on the surface of the battery. Once depressed, this mechanism connects the external shell to the sealed internal electrode. When the battery is removed from the compartment, the spring loaded mechanism returns to its normal state and disconnects the electrode from the external shell.Significance/Contribution to the FieldWe believe that a modification of standard coin battery design would eliminate current flow outside of the battery compartment, and therefore would limit gastrointestinal injury if swallowed and lodged in the oesophagus.
BUTTON BATTERY INGESTION AND INSERTION BY CHILDREN—AN INTERNATIONAL APPROACH TO AN EMERGING DANGEROUS INJURY
Authors: Chalmers E 
Published: October 2012

The Seminar will include a variety of presenters, on behalf of• Product safety regulators—USA, Australia, New Zealand, Korea, Japan• Community organisations—Safe Kids Worldwide, Safe Kids USA, Safe Kids Canada, Safekids NZ, Kidsafe in Australia• Paediatricians will outline the nature and consequences of ingestion or insertion• Research—Queensland Injury Surveillance Unit; Safe Kids Worldwide and Fleishman; Australian Competition and Consumer CommissionEach presenter will outline a brief summary of issues and implications from their work in the area.BackgroundExtensive cooperative work is being undertaken internationally at regulatory, community and industry levels to address this emerging cause of severe injury. This, like many developing issues, is complex. The problem arises from the misuse of batteries (often unnoticed) by young children who were never intended to have access to them; community awareness is very low; data is difficult and misdiagnosis easy; the result can be catastrophic and deadly; containing the risk is complex.Aims/ObjectivesThe Seminar will address all three themes for the Conference and provide a round table discussion on the issue; lessons from work to date; and next steps in addressing the trends internationally—to synthesise the issue and consider the implications for ongoing efforts.Structure of Seminar• Introduction and outline• Outline of the Battery Controlled Programme and history• Input and implications from research• A medical profession perspective• Industry issues and actions• Community awareness campaign• Regulatory responses• Summary and conclusionResultsThe Seminar will demonstrate• How Governments, the medical profession, researchers, community groups and industry are working together to find practical solutions to the issue and benefits of this approach;• A variety of research issues; work to overcome these; and how research has been put to immediate use in the Programme;• Development of a successful awareness Programme and how this has started to be transported across countries and cultures;• The process of addressing complex regulatory and standards issues impacting many areas.SignificanceThe Seminar' significance lies in• Demonstration of the capacity to address emerging issues quickly when regulators, community organisations, researchers and industry work together• An international opportunity to consider progress in addressing this emerging risk to children and the key next steps.
REDUCING ALCOHOL RELATED HARM IN WELLINGTON
Authors: Bareta G , Gabites L , Steel R 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundWellington City is regarded as the entertainment hub for the Wellington Region and has over 300 licensed premises in the entertainment precinct of the city. Alcohol related harm reduction has been a focus of attention by the city as part of a commitment to our International Safe Community status. Alcohol is a significant contributor to violence, disorder, road trauma and injury in the city.Over the past 18 months stakeholders concerned about alcohol related harm in the city have worked collaboratively to address the issue. This presentation will talk about a range of initiatives that have been put in place.AimThe reduction of alcohol related harm in the night time economy in Wellington City.MethodA licensee forum and charter has been established advocating all stakeholders, including licensees, being part of the problem identification and the development and implementation of solutions. Other projects include the establishment of ambulance triage service in the entertainment precinct, the development of a social marketing campaign and a CPTED audit and implementation of recommendations in the main entertainment area.ResultsPublic place violence has reduced in the central city by 9% in the 2010 year. Transportations to the Emergency Department by the ambulance service have been reduced from the entertainment precinct. Public perception of the feeling safe in the CBD after dark has increased from 33% to 75% in the last 10 years.
SAFER BARS: REDUCING VIOLENCE IN AND AROUND LICENSED PREMISES
Authors: Stevely S , Costello D , Ashe M 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundThe Safer Bars programme, developed in Canada in the late 1990's, resulted in a 30% reduction in violent incidences in bars where it was trialled in Canada. The Injury Control Council of WA (ICCWA) ran a successful pilot with venues in the entertainment precinct in the City of Vincent.AimTo work with licensed venues to implement changes to reduce the incidence of violence, aggression and injury by improving staff skills in communication within their staff groups and between staff and patrons.MethodThe methodology of the programme was primarily centred around a delivered training package and observational audits at 3, 6 and 12 month intervals. Police offence data was also recorded early in the project to identify a baseline and then again intervals post initial training.OutcomeThe programme yielded positive results, recorded very high satisfaction rates and positive learning outcomes by participants. In particular, the module ‘Responding to Problem Situations’ was the highest rated training module with 93% of participants saying that they found it useful or extremely useful. This is very encouraging for the programme as this is one of the central aspects of Safer Bars.SignificanceSafer Bars is an effective measure to reduce alcohol related crime and violence in and around licensed venues.
ILLICIT AND BENZODIAZEPINE DRUGS USE AMONG FATALLY INJURED DRIVERS IN URBAN AREAS OF KUALA LUMPAR
Authors: Mohamed N , Ameer-Batcha W , Abdullah NK , Yusoff F 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundDriving under the influence of drugs is one of the well-documented risk factors for road traffic fatality. To date, in Malaysia there is no published report on the incidence of fatally injured driver who involved in road crashes positive for illicit and medicinal drug.Aim/ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to determine the incidence of illicit and benzodiazepine drugs use among fatally injured drivers who involved in road traffic crashes.MethodsA retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted based on post mortem and toxicological files retrieved from the Department of Forensic Medicine, at a local hospital in urban area of Kuala Lumpur.ResultsThree hundred and ninety-one (391) fatally injured drivers were eligible for analysis of drugs use. The study revealed that the incidence of fatal drivers positive for illicit drugs use was 10% with opiates group at the top of the list (5.4%) followed by amphetamines (2.8%), cannabis (1.02%) and ketamine (0.8%). For medicinal drug, benzodiazepines group was at the top of the list (6.9%) followed by anti-histamine (0.8%) and anti-epileptic drug (0.3%).Significance/Contribution to the FieldThese findings highlight the need to focus on prevention activities related to driving under the influenced of illicit drugs as part of the overall strategies for road safety prevention. For Benzodiazepine drug, this finding carry very important message for prevention of crashes especially to the medical practitioners that used to prescribes benzodiazepines to their patients. Special emphasise on the choice of short, medium and long acting benzodiazepines drugs and warning regarding its impact on a person's ability to drive safely need to be given to their patients. This is truly important, as driving under the influenced of benzodiazepines drugs cannot be enforced at the roadside.
IMPACT OF ‘SAFE COMMUNITY’ MODEL IN SUICIDE PREVENTION IN JAPAN
Authors: Shiraishi Y 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundWith serious situation of having over 300 000 cases (around 24 per 100 000 people) of suicide yearly, the Japanese national government established the Basic Act on Suicide Prevention in 2006. Accordingly, local governments have developed policies and programmes to solve the problem. However, the serious situations haven't been improved. Meanwhile, the concept of Safe Community (SC) is drawing attention as another possible. Currently, all communities which have introduced the SC model set up suicide prevention as one of their priorities.ObjectiveConsidering that those communities are expecting influence of SC model on suicide prevention, this study examines impact of SC programmes on situations surrounding suicide.MethodsDocument investigation was conducted at six communities to grasp profile of suicide from the quantitative aspect. In addition, observation research was conducted to see qualitative influence in these communities.ResultsResearch showed that there has been a variety of programmes at national, prefectural, municipal and private levels. However, programmes are operated independently with limited linkages among relevant organisations and service providers. There is difficulty in operate programmes effectively and efficiently in the current situations. However, by launching SC programmes, relevant organisations became linked each other, share information, work in collaboration, and set up indicators to assess programmes and influence on suicide prevention.SignificanceSC strategies provide relevant organisations and service providers with environment in which they can share problems, support each other and work in collaboration, which integrate different activities/services into one comprehensive programme and operate their endeavours in P-D-C-A (Plan-Do-Check- Act) cycle.
PRELIMINARY FINDINGS FROM THE EVALUATION OF AN INTERNET–BASED DEPRESSION TREATMENT PROGRAMME (RID TRIAL) IN NEW ZEALAND
Authors: Nada-Raja S , Knightbridge K 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundDepression is a major risk factor for self-harm and suicide, and a leading cause of disability. Many people who experience depression do not come to the attention of health services. Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is effective in managing depression, however, few CBT therapists, limited access and high cost are significant barriers to accessing CBT.Aims/Objectives/PurposeTo evaluate proven internet-based interactive and personalised CBT and depression literacy (DL) programmes from Australia in terms of their effectiveness in reducing depression, anxiety, alcohol use, and self-harm, and enhancing quality of life in the general population.MethodsA national, exclusively web-based trial (http://www.otago.ac.nz/rid) was conducted with over 700 participants who were randomly assigned to a CBT, DL (interventions) or control group. After completing a baseline mental health survey, they worked through a 4-week programme (intervention or control) followed by an immediate survey on their mental health. Then they completed online mental health surveys at 6 monthly intervals until 24 months had elapsed.Results/OutcomesMany participants reported that they did not have a preference for which of the three trial groups they would be randomly assigned to and gave altruistic reasons for taking part in the trial. Results will be presented on the immediate impact of the online interventions on mental health and well-being.Significance/Contribution to the FieldThe initial findings are relevant to the Government's new national strategy to implement online psychological therapies in the general population and thereby provide a wide range of suitable mental health treatments for consumers.
SUICIDAL IDEATION AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN DAR ES SALAAM, TANZANIA: PATTERNS, PLANNING AND SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATIONS
Authors: Wilson M , Dunlavy A 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundSuicide is a leading cause of mortality among adolescents. Low-income country settings are characterised by a lack of data on suicidal behaviours.Aims/Objectives/PurposeThis study examined correlates for suicidal ideation (SI), and suicidal planning (SP), among a sample of adolescents in low-income sub Saharan setting.MethodsData were derived from the 2006 Global School-Based Health Survey. Information was included on 2154 students (52% female) ages 11–16 years. Three groups were created: those with no suicidal behaviour/controls (N=1869); suicide ideation/SI (N=149); and those with a plan to carry out a suicide attempt/SP (N=136) each within a 12-month period. Bivariate and logistic regression analyses were carried out using Stata 12 for Linux.Results/OutcomeAfter controlling for covariates, participants reporting SI were more lonely (RRR=2.33; CI 1.36 to 4.01), depressed (RRR=2.26; CI 1.56 to 3.27), and substance users (RRR=1.97; CI 1.12 to 3.48). A close relationship with parents was protective (RRR=0.52; CI 0.31 to 0.86). Those who reported SP were younger (RRR=0.74; CI 0.62 to 0.90), less poor (RRR=0.53; CI 0.29 to 0.98) and more likely to be lonely (RRR=2.76; CI 1.55 to 4.90) and depressed (RRR=3.98; CI 2.71 to 5.86). Tobacco (RRR=2.15; CI 1.22 to 3.78), illicit substance use (RRR=1.99; CI 1.10 to 3.60) and over-protective parents (RRR=2.15; CI 1.07 to 4.31) were associated with increased SP. Respondents without friends were more likely to report SP (RRR=3.68; CI 2.22 to 6.08).Significance/Contribution to the FieldOur findings provide an important first look into suicidal behaviour among adolescents in Tanzania. These results should be used to inform mental health promotion efforts and strategies within the region.
NEW ZEALAND ESTIMATES OF THE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC COST OF WORK-RELATED INJURIES
Authors: Poland M , O'Dea D , Wren J 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundWork-related fatal and serious non-fatal injury rates in New Zealand are static and a number of prevention initiatives are being developed. The Department of Labour's State of Workplace Health and Safety 2011 report presents three different estimates of the cost of work-related injury ranging from $1.35 billion to $20.9 billion. A consistent estimate is required.Aims/Objectives/PurposeTo develop an agreed estimate of the cost of work-related injury that can be applied consistently.MethodThe New Zealand Injury Prevention Strategy (NZIPS) estimate of the total social and economic cost of injury provides a conservative estimate of work-related injury that can be compared over time. Furthermore it allows the costs of work-related injury to be placed within the context of total costs from injury.Results/OutcomeThe Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment now has an estimate of the cost of work-related injury based on an agreed methodology. The total cost is NZ$1.0 billion. This comprises of $236 million of treatment and rehabilitation costs, $462 million of lost economic contribution and $349 million of human costs. Work-related injury makes up 10% of the total costs of injury.Significance/Contribution to the FieldThe NZIPS estimate will be used in the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment's injury prevention work and offers the opportunity to improve consistency across government with regard to injury prevention investments.
HELMET USE IN BIXI CYCLISTS IN TORONTO, CANADA: AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
Authors: Bonyun M , Camden A , Macarthur C , Howard A 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundIn May 2011, the BIXI bikesharing programme was launched in the downtown core of the City of Toronto, Canada, providing public access to bicycle rentals for short-commutes within the city.ObjectiveTo investigate the use of helmets for cyclists choosing to use BIXI bikes in comparison to personal bike riders in the City of Toronto.MethodsA prospective cohort study design was used to compare the prevalence of helmet use for male and female cyclists on personal bikes in comparison to those on BIXI bikes during the weekday morning and evening commutes over the summer, 2011.ResultsOf the 6732 sample size, 306 cyclists on BIXI bikes and 6426 personal bike riders were observed. Overall, 50.3% of cyclists wore helmets. The proportion of BIXI bike riders using helmets was significantly lower than the proportion of helmet users on personal bikes (20.9% vs 51.7%, respectively, p<0.0001).Significance/Contribution to the FieldAlthough the BIXI bike programme has provided an alternate means for Torontonians to use a bicycle, cyclists using BIXI bikes are much less likely to wear a helmet. Since the prevalence of helmet use in cyclists in general is already low, helmet use should be especially promoted in BIXI bike riders in order to promote a safe and healthy environment for cyclists.
DO VISIBILITY AIDS REDUCE THE RISK OF MOTOR-VEHICLE INJURY IN BICYCLISTS?
Authors: Hagel BE , Ruest N , Morgunov N , Embree T , Couperthwaite AB , Voaklander D , Rowe BH 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundThere is limited literature regarding the effectiveness of visibility aids (eg, reflectors, lights, fluorescent clothing) in reducing the risk of a bicyclist- motor-vehicle (MV) collision.ObjectivesTo determine if visibility aids reduce the risk of a bicyclist-MV collision.MethodsCases were bicyclists who were struck by a MV and assessed at emergency departments (EDs) from May 2008-October 2010 in Calgary and Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Controls were bicyclists with non-MV injuries from the same EDs over the same time period. Participants were interviewed about their personal and injury characteristics, including use of visibility aids (clothing colour or reflective clothing, bike reflectors, etc). Injury information was collected from charts. ORs and 95% CIs were estimated for visibility aids after adjustment for confounders using logistic regression.ResultsThere were 2403 injured bicyclists with 278 MV cases. The risk of a bicyclist-MV collision increased with age. Commuting also increased the odds of MV collision (OR 5.8; 95% CI 4.5 to 7.5). After accounting for location speed limit, bicyclist speed, and previous injury, white (OR 0.25; 95% CI 0.07 to 0.9) or other coloured (OR 0.45; 95% CI 0.2 to 0.9) compared with black clothing on the upper body reduced the odds of collision. Fluorescent clothing was associated with MV collisions (OR 1.7; 95% CI 1.0 to 2.8), even after adjusting for commuting and bicycling location.SignificanceClothing choice may be important in reducing the risk of MV collision; however, factors beyond the individual also need to be examined.
SAFETY IN SCHOOL SPORTS (TEKO)
Authors: Jussila AM , Oksanen R , Ojala A , Parkkari J 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundIn Finnish elementary schools injuries happen mostly in physical education (PE) classes, recesses and on the way to school. Most injuries are mild, but treatment can be time consuming and expensive. Especially knee, low back and head injuries may cause long-term pain and disabilities.A remarkable part of these injuries can be prevented by enhancing pupils' motor skills and awareness of injury risks by improving quality and contents of PE and health education classes, and taking care of safety equipment and environment.MethodsThe Sports and Exercise Safety in Finland programme (LiVE) and its second nationwide implementation project TEKO (2010−), is delivering research findings and producing educational material to the internet to promote physical activity and safety of sports and leisure time (http://www.tervekoululainen.fi). The main target group for TEKO is secondary school teachers and pupils.ResultsIn TEKO project the safety promotion is focused on 10 segments; physical activity, sports skills, maturation, nutrition, rest and sleep, environment and equipment, health care, atmosphere and rules, injuries and support network. Teachers can use free of charge information packages and practical toolkits per segment to enhance the sports and leisure time safety.Contribution to the FieldThe implementation set up developed in TEKO project has received a positive feedback. Experiences indicate that this kind of set up might be a spreadable and affordable way to do safety promotion in schools.
DOES BODY CHECKING POLICY TO DISALLOW BODY CHECKING REDUCE THE RISK OF INJURY AND CONCUSSION IN 11 AND 12-YEAR-OLD NON-ELITE ICE HOCKEY PLAYERS IN CANADA?
Authors: Emery CA , Macpherson A , Kang J , Hagel B , Black A , Romiti M , Meeuwisse WH 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundIce hockey has high participation and injury rates in youth in Canada. Body checking (BC) is the predominant mechanism of injury. Research has informed policy change disallowing BC in non-elite Pee Wee leagues (ages 11–12) in some provinces.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine if the risk of injury and concussion differ for non-elite Pee Wee ice hockey players in leagues where BC is permitted (Alberta) versus leagues where policy no longer permits BC (Ontario).MethodsThis is a cohort study completed in Alberta and Ontario during the 2011/2012 season. Players were from Pee Wee teams in the lower 70% of divisions of play. A previously validated injury surveillance system was used to collect preseason, exposure and injury data.ResultsForty-four teams from Alberta (n=658) and 32 from Ontario (n=258) participated. There were 144 injuries (Incidence Proportion (IP)=21.88 (95% CI 18.78 to 25.24)) and 83 concussions (IP)=12.61 (95% CI 10.17 to 15.4)) in Alberta and 17 injuries (IP=6.59 (95% CI 3.88 to 10.34)) and 11 concussions (IP=4.26 (95% CI 2.15 to 7.5)) in Ontario. The Alberta versus Ontario Risk Ratio was 3.34 (95% CI 2.06 to 5.41) for all injury and 2.96 (95% CI 1.6 to 5.46). for concussion.SignificanceThere was a 3-fold increased risk of injury and concussion in non-elite Pee Wee ice hockey players in leagues where BC is permitted compared to a cohort where BC is no longer permitted. These findings have important implications for further BC policy change to reduce the public health burden of injury and concussion in youth ice hockey.