bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical writing of n-type conductive layers on the SrTiO3 surface in nanoscale
Authors: Wang Yuhang , Zhao Kehan , Shi Xiaolan , Li Geng , Xie Guanlin , Lai Xubo , Ni Jun , Zhang Liuwan 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe fabrication and control of the conductive surface and interface on insulating SrTiO3 bulk provide a pathway for oxide electronics. The controllable manipulation of local doping concentration in semiconductors is an important step for nano-electronics. Here we show that conductive patterns can be written on bare SrTiO3 surface by controllable doping in nanoscale using the mechanical interactions of atomic force microscopy tip without applying external electric field. The conductivity of the layer is n-type, oxygen sensitive and can be effectively tuned by the gate voltage. Hence, our findings have potential applications in oxide nano-circuits and oxygen sensors.
Electron spin coherence near room temperature in magnetic quantum dots
Authors: Moro Fabrizio , Turyanska Lyudmila , Wilman James , Fielding Alistair J. , Fay Michael W. , Granwehr Josef , Patanè Amalia 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe report on an example of confined magnetic ions with long spin coherence near room temperature. This was achieved by confining single Mn2+spins in colloidal semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) and by dispersing the QDs in a proton-spin free matrix. The controlled suppression of Mn–Mn interactions and minimization of Mn–nuclear spin dipolar interactions result in unprecedentedly long phase memory (TM ~ 8 μs) and spin–lattice relaxation (T1 ~ 10 ms) time constants for Mn2+ions atT = 4.5 K and in electron spin coherence observable near room temperature (TM ~ 1 μs).
Radio-frequency capacitance spectroscopy of metallic nanoparticles
Authors: Frake James C. , Kano Shinya , Ciccarelli Chiara , Griffiths Jonathan , Sakamoto Masanori , Teranishi Toshiharu , Majima Yutaka , Smith Charles G. , Buitelaar Mark R. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractRecent years have seen great progress in our understanding of the electronic properties of nanomaterials in which at least one dimension measures less than 100 nm. However, contacting true nanometer scale materials such as individual molecules or nanoparticles remains a challenge as even state-of-the-art nanofabrication techniques such as electron-beam lithography have a resolution of a few nm at best. Here we present a fabrication and measurement technique that allows high sensitivity and high bandwidth readout of discrete quantum states of metallic nanoparticles which does not require nm resolution or precision. This is achieved by coupling the nanoparticles to resonant electrical circuits and measurement of the phase of a reflected radio-frequency signal. This requires only a single tunnel contact to the nanoparticles thus simplifying device fabrication and improving yield and reliability. The technique is demonstrated by measurements on 2.7 nm thiol coated gold nanoparticles which are shown to be in excellent quantitative agreement with theory.
Surface Curvature Relation to Protein Adsorption for Carbon-based Nanomaterials
Authors: Gu Zonglin , Yang Zaixing , Chong Yu , Ge Cuicui , Weber Jeffrey K. , Bell David R. , Zhou Ruhong 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe adsorption of proteins onto carbon-based nanomaterials (CBNs) is dictated by hydrophobic and π-π interactions between aliphatic and aromatic residues and the conjugated CBN surface. Accordingly, protein adsorption is highly sensitive to topological constraints imposed by CBN surface structure; in particular, adsorption capacity is thought to increase as the incident surface curvature decreases. In this work, we couple Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations with fluorescence spectroscopy experiments to characterize this curvature dependence in detail for the model protein bovine serum albumin (BSA). By studying BSA adsorption onto carbon nanotubes of increasing radius (featuring descending local curvatures) and a flat graphene sheet, we confirm that adsorption capacity is indeed enhanced on flatter surfaces. Naïve fluorescence experiments featuring multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), however, conform to an opposing trend. To reconcile these observations, we conduct additional MD simulations with MWCNTs that match those prepared in experiments; such simulations indicate that increased mass to surface area ratios in multi-walled systems explain the observed discrepancies. In reduction, our work substantiates the inverse relationship between protein adsorption capacity and surface curvature and further demonstrates the need for subtle consideration in experimental and simulation design.
A new arylbenzofuran derivative functions as an anti-tumour agent by inducing DNA damage and inhibiting PARP activity
Authors: Chen Hongbo , Zeng Xiaobin , Gao Chunmei , Ming Pinghong , Zhang Jianping , Guo Caiping , Zhou Lanzhen , Lu Yin , Wang Lijun , Huang Laiqiang , He Xiangjiu , Mei Lin 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe previously reported that 7-hydroxy-5, 4’-dimethoxy-2-arylbenzofuran (HDAB) purified from Livistona chinensis is a key active agent. The present study investigated the function and molecular mechanism of HDAB. HDAB treatment of cervical cancer cells resulted in S phase arrest and apoptosis, together with cyclin A2 and CDK2 upregulation. Cyclin A2 siRNA and a CDK inhibitor efficiently relieved S phase arrest but increased the apoptosis rate. Mechanistic studies revealed that HDAB treatment significantly increased DNA strand breaks in an alkaline comet assay and induced ATM, CHK1, CHK2 and H2A.X phosphorylation. Wortmannin (a broad inhibitor of PIKKs) and CGK733 (a specific ATM inhibitor), but not LY294002 (a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor) or NU7026 (a DNA-PK specific inhibitor), prevented H2A.X phosphorylation and γH2A.X-positive foci formation in the nuclei, reversed S phase arrest and promoted the HDAB-induced apoptosis, suggesting that HDAB is a DNA damaging agent that can activate the ATM-dependent DNA repair response, thereby contributing to cell cycle arrest. In addition, molecular docking and in vitro activity assays revealed that HDAB can correctly dock into the hydrophobic pocket of PARP-1 and suppress PARP-1 ADP-ribosylation activity. Thus, the results indicated that HDAB can function as an anti-cancer agent by inducing DNA damage and inhibiting PARP activity.
Meiosis completion and various sperm responses lead to unisexual and sexual reproduction modes in one clone of polyploid Carassius gibelio
Authors: Zhang Jun , Sun Min , Zhou Li , Li Zhi , Liu Zhen , Li Xi-Yin , Liu Xiao-Li , Liu Wei , Gui Jian-Fang 
Published: June 2015

AbstractUnisexual polyploid vertebrates are commonly known to reproduce by gynogenesis, parthenogenesis, or hybridogenesis. One clone of polyploidCarassius gibeliohas been revealed to possess multiple modes of unisexual gynogenesis and sexual reproduction, but the cytological and developmental mechanisms have remained unknown. In this study, normal meiosis completion was firstly confirmed by spindle co-localization of β-tubulin and Spindlin. Moreover, three types of various nuclear events and development behaviors were revealed by DAPI staining and BrdU-incorporated immunofluorescence detection during the first mitosis in the fertilized eggs by three kinds of different sperms. They include normal sexual reproduction in response to sperm from the same clone male, typical unisexual gynogenesis in response to sperm from the male of another speciesCyprinus carpioand an unusual hybrid-similar development mode in response to sperm from another different clone male. Based on these findings, we have discussed cytological and developmental mechanisms on multiple reproduction modes in the polyploid fish and highlighted evolutionary significance of meiosis completion and evolutionary consequences of reproduction mode diversity in polyploid vertebrates.
Degradation of Li/S Battery Electrodes On 3D Current Collectors Studied Using X-ray Phase Contrast Tomography
Authors: Zielke L. , Barchasz C. , Waluś S. , Alloin F. , Leprêtre J.-C. , Spettl A. , Schmidt V. , Hilger A. , Manke I. , Banhart J. , Zengerle R. , Thiele S. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractLithium/sulphur batteries are promising candidates for future energy storage systems, mainly due to their high potential capacity. However low sulphur utilization and capacity fading hinder practical realizations. In order to improve understanding of the system, we investigate Li/S electrode morphology changes for different ageing steps, using X-ray phase contrast tomography. Thereby we find a strong decrease of sulphur loading after the first cycle and a constant loading of about 15% of the initial loading afterwards. While cycling, the mean sulphur particle diameters decrease in a qualitatively similar fashion as the discharge capacity fades. The particles spread, migrate into the current collector and accumulate in the upper part again. Simultaneously sulphur particles lose contact area with the conducting network but regain it after ten cycles because their decreasing size results in higher surface areas. Since the capacity still decreases, this regain could be associated with effects such as surface area passivation and increasing charge transfer resistance.
Stable Odor Recognition by a neuro-adaptive Electronic Nose
Authors: Martinelli Eugenio , Magna Gabriele , Polese Davide , Vergara Alexander , Schild Detlev , Di Natale Corrado 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSensitivity, selectivity and stability are decisive properties of sensors. In chemical gas sensors odor recognition can be severely compromised by poor signal stability, particularly in real life applications where the sensors are exposed to unpredictable sequences of odors under changing external conditions. Although olfactory receptor neurons in the nose face similar stimulus sequences under likewise changing conditions, odor recognition is very stable and odorants can be reliably identified independently from past odor perception. We postulate that appropriate pre-processing of the output signals of chemical sensors substantially contributes to the stability of odor recognition, in spite of marked sensor instabilities. To investigate this hypothesis, we use an adaptive, unsupervised neural network inspired by the glomerular input circuitry of the olfactory bulb. Essentially the model reduces the effect of the sensors’ instabilities by utilizing them via an adaptive multicompartment feed-forward inhibition. We collected and analyzed responses of a 4 × 4 gas sensor array to a number of volatile compounds applied over a period of 18 months, whereby every sensor was sampled episodically. The network conferred excellent stability to the compounds’ identification and was clearly superior over standard classifiers, even when one of the sensors exhibited random fluctuations or stopped working at all.
Molecular ion battery: a rechargeable system without using any elemental ions as a charge carrier
Authors: Yao Masaru , Sano Hikaru , Ando Hisanori , Kiyobayashi Tetsu 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIs it possible to exceed the lithium redox potential in electrochemical systems? It seems impossible to exceed the lithium potential because the redox potential of the elemental lithium is the lowest amongallthe elements, which contributes to the high voltage characteristics of the widely used lithium ion battery. However, it should bepossiblewhen we use a molecule-based ion which is not reduced even at the lithium potential in principle. Here we propose a new model system using a molecular electrolyte salt with polymer-based active materials in order to verify whether a molecular ion species serves as a charge carrier. Although the potential of the negative-electrode is not yet lower than that of lithium at present, this study reveals that a molecular ion can work as a charge carrier in a battery and the system is certainly a molecular ion-based “rocking chair” type battery.
Infection of host plants by Cucumber mosaic virus increases the susceptibility of Myzus persicae aphids to the parasitoid Aphidius colemani
Authors: Mauck Kerry E. , De Moraes Consuelo M. , Mescher Mark C. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPlant viruses can profoundly alter the phenotypes of their host plants, with potentially far-reaching implications for ecology. Yet few studies have explored the indirect, host-mediated, effects of plant viruses on non-vector insects. We examined how infection ofCucurbita pepoplants byCucumber mosaic virus(CMV) impacted the susceptibility of aphids (Myzus persicae) to attack by the parasitoid waspAphidius colemani. In semi-natural foraging assays, we observed higher rates of aphid parasitism on infected plants compared to healthy plants. Subsequent experiments revealed that this difference is not explained by different attack rates on plants differing in infection status, but rather by the fact that parasitoid larvae successfully complete their development more often when aphid hosts feed on infected plants. This suggests that the reduced nutritional quality of infected plants as host for aphids—documented in previous studies—compromises their ability to mount effective defenses against parasitism. Furthermore, our current findings indicate that the aphid diet during parasitoid development (rather than prior to wasp oviposition) is a key factor influencing resistance. These findings complement our previous work showing that CMV-induced changes in host plant chemistry alter patterns of aphid recruitment and dispersal in ways conducive to virus transmission.
All-nanophotonic NEMS biosensor on a chip
Authors: Fedyanin Dmitry Yu. , Stebunov Yury V. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIntegrated chemical and biological sensors give advantages in cost, size and weight reduction and open new prospects for parallel monitoring and analysis. Biosensors based on nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) are the most attractive candidates for the integrated platform. However, actuation and transduction techniques (e.g. electrostatic, magnetomotive, thermal or piezoelectric) limit their operation to laboratory conditions. All-optical approach gives the possibility to overcome this problem, nevertheless, the existing schemes are either fundamentally macroscopic or excessively complicated and expensive in mass production. Here we propose a novel scheme of extremely compact NEMS biosensor monolithically integrated on a chip with all-nanophotonic transduction and actuation. It consists of the nanophotonic waveguide and the nanobeam cantilever placed above the waveguide, both fabricated in the same CMOS-compatible process. Being in the near field of the strongly confined photonic or plasmonic mode, cantilever is efficiently actuated and its response is directly read out using the same waveguide, which results in a very high sensitivity and capability of single-molecule detection even in atmosphere.
Flat Panel Light Source with Lateral Gate Structure Based on SiC Nanowire Field Emitters
Authors: Youh Meng-Jey , Tseng Chun-Lung , Jhuang Meng-Han , Chiu Sheng-Cheng , Huang Li-Hu , Gong Jyun-An , Li Yuan-Yao 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA field-emission light source with high luminance, excellent luminance uniformity and tunable luminance characteristics with a novel lateral-gate structure is demonstrated. The lateral-gate triode structure comprises SiC nanowire emitters on a Ag cathode electrode and a pair of Ag gate electrodes placed laterally on both sides of the cathode. The simple and cost-effective screen printing technique is employed to pattern the lateral-gates and cathode structure on soda lime glass. The area coverage of the screen-printed cathode and gates on the glass substrate (area: 6 × 8 cm2) is in the range of 2.04% – 4.74% depending on the set of cathode-gate electrodes on the substrate. The lateral-gate structure with its small area coverage exhibits a two-dimensional luminance pattern with high brightness and good luminance uniformity. A maximum luminance of 10952 cd/cm2 and a luminance uniformity of >90% can be achieved with a gate voltage of 500 V and an anode voltage of 4000 V, with an anode current of 1.44 mA and current leakage to the gate from the cathode of about 10%.
Pathway-based gene signatures predicting clinical outcome of lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Chang Ya-Hsuan , Chen Chung-Ming , Chen Hsuan-Yu , Yang Pan-Chyr 
Published: June 2015

AbstractLung adenocarcinoma is often diagnosed at an advanced stage with poor prognosis. Patients with different clinical outcomes may have similar clinico-pathological characteristics. The results of previous studies for biomarkers for lung adenocarcinoma have generally been inconsistent and limited in clinical application. In this study, we used inverse-variance weighting to combine the hazard ratios for the four datasets and performed pathway analysis to identify prognosis-associated gene signatures. A total of 2,418 genes were found to be significantly associated with overall survival. Of these, a 21-gene signature in the HMGB1/RAGE signalling pathway and a 31-gene signature in the clathrin-coated vesicle cycle pathway were significantly associated with prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma across all four datasets (all p-values < 0.05, log-rank test). We combined the scores for the three pathways to derive a combined pathway-based risk (CPBR) score. Three pathway-based signatures and CPBR score also had more predictive power than single genes. Finally, the CPBR score was validated in two independent cohorts (GSE14814 and GSE13213 in the GEO database) and had significant adjusted hazard ratios 2.72 (p-value < 0.0001) and 1.71 (p-value < 0.0001), respectively. These results could provide a more complete picture of the lung cancer pathogenesis.
MIMO antenna design with built‐in decoupling mechanism for WLAN dual‐band applications
Authors: Wang Shun‐Min , Hwang Lih‐Tyng , Lee Cho‐Jung , Hsu Chung‐Yi , Chang Fa‐Shian 
Published: June 2015

A multiple‐input–multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna with a built‐in decoupling mechanism is proposed for wireless local area network (WLAN) 2.4/5 GHz dual‐band operations. The antennas were printed on an FR4 substrate and were located at the top portion of the FR4 board. The size of the antenna is 20 × 11 mm. The MIMO antenna system consists of two parallel folded branch monopoles with coupled feeds configured as two sets of two off‐centred circular pads; the smaller ones were connected to the feeds and the larger ones were connected to the branch antennas. The coupled feed was used to achieve broad impedance matching bands. The two coupled feeds, separated by a small gap, were found to exhibit a built‐in isolation mechanism, due to the opposite currents generated at the feeds and at the edges of the circular pads. That is, no additional physical structure was necessary to facilitate the needed isolation. The measured results show that both antennas have good impedance matching and port isolation. The antenna port envelope correlation coefficient was less than about 0.2 over the dual 2.4/5 GHz bands.
Physical activity and sedentary behaviour among Asian and Anglo‐Australian adolescents
Authors: Strugnell Claudia , Renzaho Andre M. N. , Ridley Kate , Burns Cate 
Published: June 2015

Issue addressedEvidence suggests that physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) participation varies among culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) adolescents. The present study examined differences in PA and SB among a CALD sample of Chinese Australian, South‐east Asian and Anglo‐Australian adolescents.MethodsData from 286 adolescents aged 12–16 years involved in the Chinese and Australian Adolescent Health Survey in metropolitan Melbourne, Australia, were analysed. Accelerometry outcomes included median activity counts per minute (counts.min‐1) and minutes per day (min.day‐1) spent in light‐intensity PA (LPA), moderate‐to‐vigorous‐intensity PA (MVPA) and sedentary time (ST). Kruskal‐Wallis one‐way analysis of variance and sequential multiple hierarchical linear regressions were used to examine CALD differences in PA and ST.ResultsMultivariate analyses of accelerometry data found Chinese Australian and South‐east Asian adolescents engaged in significantly less daily MVPA (5–8 min.day‐1) and LPA (50–58 min.day‐1; P < 0.05), but greater daily ST (40–41 min.day‐1), than Anglo‐Australian adolescents, after adjusting for age, gender and socioeconomic category.ConclusionThe results demonstrate lower engagement in daily MVPA and LPA and greater engagement in ST using accelerometry among Chinese Australian and South‐east Asian adolescents compared with Anglo‐Australian adolescents. These findings have important public health implications in furthering our understanding of CALD differences in PA and SB.
The Science Framework for Implementing the Fisheries Protection Provisions of Canada's Fisheries Act
Authors: Rice Jake , Bradford Michael J. , Clarke Keith D. , Koops Marten A. , Randall Robert G. , Wysocki Roger 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
In 2012, Canada's Fisheries Act was amended. New fisheries protection provisions provide for the sustainability and ongoing productivity of commercial, recreational, and Aboriginal fisheries. These provisions replace previous provisions that focused on fish habitats, and concerns have been expressed that the amended Act has lowered aquatic habitat protection. The science framework developed for implementation of the new provisions is based on the relationships between fisheries productivity and the response of habitats or populations to pressures, with pressures linked to specific classes of activities through pathways of effects models. The framework includes guidance on quantifying productivity, scales and types of impacts, establishing equivalence in offsetting, and managing risk. Risk of failing to achieve the intent of the fisheries protection provisions is only managed when impacts of activities have a net neutral or positive effect on fisheries productivity. This standard applies whether the evaluation of an activity is by self- or assisted assessment or a more comprehensive project evaluation.
En el año 2012, el Acta Pesquera de Canadá fue enmendada. Las nuevas provisiones para la protección de pesquerías tienen como objetivo proveer sustentabilidad y productividad a las pesquerías comerciales, recreativas y nativas. Estas provisiones reemplazan varias de las anteriores que se enfocaban en el hábitat de los peces, y ahora se han suscitado ciertas preocupaciones en cuanto a que el acta enmendada reduce la protección de hábitats acuáticos. El contexto científico que se ha desarrollado para implementar las nuevas provisiones se basa en la relación entre la productividad pesquera y la respuesta de los hábitats o de las poblaciones a las presiones; presiones que a su vez se relacionan con tipos específicos de actividades mediante modelos de “rutas de efectos”. El contexto incluye guías de cómo cuantificar la productividad, tipos y escala de los impactos, establecimiento de equivalencias compensatorias y manejo del riesgo. El riesgo de que no se logren cumplir los objetivos de las provisiones de protección de las pesquerías, comienza a ser controlado sólo cuando el impacto de las actividades tiene un efecto neto neutral o positivo en la productividad pesquera. Este estándar aplica ya sea cuando la evaluación de la actividad es asistida o bien auto evaluación, o cuando se hace mediante un proyecto de evaluación más exhaustivo.
Development of an efficient soymilk cream production method by papain digestion, heat treatment, and low-speed centrifugation
Authors: Abe Naoki , Wu Chang-Yu , Kim Yoon-Kyung , Fujii Tomoyuki , Abe Keietsu 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
We developed the simple method of soymilk cream production from the high-fat soymilk, which was prepared by papain digestion and heat treatment. As a result of the treatment, high-fat soymilk was aggregated and it became possible to separate soymilk cream as the surface fraction by low-speed centrifugation (6000 × g, 10 min).