bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
John Steinbeck, Episcopalian: St. Paul's, Salinas
Authors: Ray William 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
John Steinbeck's background as a lifelong Episcopalian and his childhood experiences at St. Paul's Episcopal Church in Salinas, California, strongly influenced significant events in his later life, the language and structure of several of his greatest works, his treatment of belief in some of his most memorable characters, and the meaning of certain key passages in his fiction and nonfiction. An original interpretive examination of the pre-Episcopal religious history of his father's family, the reasons for his mother's involvement in their adopted church, errors in certain parish records, connections between passages of fiction and nonfiction and personal letters, decisions made about Thom Steinbeck's baptism and John Steinbeck's funeral and family memorial, and key passages in To a God Unknown, In Dubious Battle, Bombs Away, East of Eden, Travels with Charley, The Winter of Our Discontent, and ‘America and Americans’ is supported by the close reading of relevant primary sources, a critical reading of selected secondary sources, and personal interviews, e-mails, and telephone conversations to provide the data and detail required for a more balanced and complete consideration of Steinbeck's childhood religion and adult Anglican agnosticism by future biographers and critics of his work.
Aspectos relativos à saúde e ao meio ambiente ligados ao consumo de alimentos orgânicos
Authors: Albuquerque Júnior Edmilson Pinto de , Silva Filho José Carlos Lázaro da , Costa Josimar Souza , Santos Sandra Maria dos 
Published: December 2013

DOI: 10.5902/198346598812 Organic food is considered healthy and environmentally friendly, then becoming relevant the investigation about these two constructs associated to the purchase intention of consumers. This study sought to investigate which aspect, among those related to the environmental awareness and the pursuing of health, has greater influence on the shopping intentions of the consumer of organic fruits and vegetables (FV). To this end, it was applied a survey research type. The sample involved 200 interviewees. The questionnaires were applied from February to March, 2012, at two distribution channels of organic food in the city of Fortaleza, Ceará: agroecological fair and supermarkets. The factor analysis was employed for the statistical analysis of data by using the SPSS software, version 20. The results indicate that the aspects concerning health present more influence on the purchase intentions related to that type of food. From a managerial point of view, the contributions from this study reside in the comprehension of the determining variables of the purchase behavior of an ascending market, what suggests basis to the development of strategies, by the agents of the productive chain, adequate to the analyzed market.
L’autogestion, pour une autonomisation émancipatrice dans le milieu institutionnel universitaire
Authors: Julien Denis Marie-Ève , Trudelle Catherine , Duchemin Éric 
Published: December 2013

À Montréal, l’agriculture organisée se pratique principalement sous deux formes : le jardin communautaire et le jardin collectif. Ce sont le plus souvent des organisations communautaires qui s’occupent de la gestion du jardin collectif, qu’il est possible de voir comme une forme spatiale propice à l’action collective, en ce sens qu’il peut devenir un espace où se développent des initiatives sociales novatrices. Parmi les modèles de gouvernance existants, celui de l’autogestion semble être pertinent dans un contexte comme celui du jardin collectif institutionnel universitaire, car ce type d’initiative constitue en soi une démarche politique, ainsi qu’une façon de changer soi-même son milieu de vie. Notre recherche met en lumière le processus de gouvernance au sein d’une initiative autogérée, le Collectif de recherche en aménagement paysager et en agriculture urbaine durable (CRAPAUD). Nos résultats montrent avant tout que le mode de gouvernance du CRAPAUD, l’autogestion, favorise l’atteinte des objectifs socioenvironnementaux fixés par le collectif, et ce, au-delà des différentes contraintes inhérentes au modèle autogestionnaire. Enfin, nos résultats font également voir que la gouvernance spécifique au CRAPAUD constitue un processus émancipateur permettant l’autonomisation de ses membres.
A signal of persistent Atlantic multidecadal variability in Arctic sea ice
Authors: Miles Martin W. , Divine Dmitry V. , Furevik Tore , Jansen Eystein , Moros Matthias , Ogilvie Astrid E. J. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractSatellite data suggest an Arctic sea ice‐climate system in rapid transformation, yet its long‐term natural modes of variability are poorly known. Here we integrate and synthesize a set of multicentury historical records of Atlantic Arctic sea ice, supplemented with high‐resolution paleoproxy records, each reflecting primarily winter/spring sea ice conditions. We establish a signal of pervasive and persistent multidecadal (~60–90 year) fluctuations that is most pronounced in the Greenland Sea and weakens further away. Covariability between sea ice and Atlantic multidecadal variability as represented by the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) index is evident during the instrumental record, including an abrupt change at the onset of the early twentieth century warming. Similar covariability through previous centuries is evident from comparison of the longest historical sea ice records and paleoproxy reconstructions of sea ice and the AMO. This observational evidence supports recent modeling studies that have suggested that Arctic sea ice is intrinsically linked to Atlantic multidecadal variability. This may have implications for understanding the recent negative trend in Arctic winter sea ice extent, although because the losses have been greater in summer, other processes and feedbacks are also important.
New insights into atmospheric sources and sinks of isocyanic acid, HNCO, from recent urban and regional observations
Authors: Roberts James M. , Veres Patrick R. , VandenBoer Trevor C. , Warneke Carsten , Graus Martin , Williams Eric J. , Lefer Barry , Brock Charles A. , Bahreini Roya , Öztürk Fatma , Middlebrook Ann M. , Wagner Nicholas L. , Dubé William P. , de Gouw Joost A. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIsocyanic acid (HNCO) has only recently been measured in the ambient atmosphere, and many aspects of its atmospheric chemistry are still uncertain. HNCO was measured during three diverse field campaigns: California Nexus—Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change (CalNex 2010) at the Pasadena ground site, Nitrogen, Aerosol Composition, and Halogens on a Tall Tower (NACHTT 2011) at the Boulder Atmospheric Observatory (BAO) in Weld County, CO, and Biofuel Crops emission of Ozone precursors intensive (BioCORN 2011), in a cornfield NW of Fort Collins, CO. Mixing ratios varied from below detection limit (~0.003 ppbv) to over 1.2 ppbv during a period when agricultural burning impacted the BAO Tower site. Urban areas, such as the CalNex 2010 Pasadena site, appear to have both primary (combustion) and secondary (photochemical) sources of HNCO, 50 ± 9%, and 33 ± 12%, respectively, while primary sources were responsible for the large mixing ratios of HNCO observed during the wintertime NACHTT study in suburban Colorado. Isocyanic acid during the BioCORN study in rural NE Colorado was closely correlated to ozone and therefore likely photochemically produced as a secondary product from amines or formamide. The removal of HNCO from the lower atmosphere is thought to be due to deposition, as common gas phase loss processes of photolysis and reactions with hydroxyl radicals, are slow. These ambient measurements are consistent with some HNCO deposition, which was evident at night at these surface sites.
Channelless Fabrication for Large‐Scale Preparation of Room Temperature Liquid Metal Droplets
Authors: Yu Yang , Wang Qian , Yi Liting , Liu Jing 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe room‐temperature liquid metal (RTLM), which is far from being fully exploited, is emerging as an ideal material for fabricating micro‐droplets owing to its strong surface tension and easy phase control property. In order to find out a low‐cost and technically simple way for quickly preparing metal particles in large‐scale, here a channelless fabrication method based on stream jetting and self breaking up mechanisms of the RTLM when injected into and interact with the matching solution was proposed. Various typical factors on influencing the droplets generation behavior were experimentally investigated and clarified, such as the effects of the aperture size of the injection needle, the density, viscosity of the liquids and surfactants etc. Further, as an illustration of the flexibility of the present method, the direct construction of a three‐dimensional porous metal block with foam‐structures inside was also demonstrated. This study opened an extremely simple way for large scale fabrication of liquid metal micro‐droplets and particles which has rather important practical values. It also suggests a highly efficient approach for visualizing and investigating the fundamental mechanisms of fluids interactions between RTLM and general solution.
Ring‐Closing Metathesis Enabled Efficient Synthesis of γ‐Butenolide Antifungal Agent (−)‐Incrustoporin and its Analogues
Authors: Fernandes Rodney A. , Patil Pradnya H. , Chowdhury Asim K. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAn efficient synthesis of the antifungal agent (−)‐incrustoporin and analogues based on ring‐closing metathesis (RCM) is described. The ready availability of various allyl alcohols through the Sharpless kinetic resolution and esterification with a variety of substituted aryl acetic acids, followed by α‐methylenation and final RCM to get the targets makes this explored strategy suitable for rapid development of analogues.
A Tetracoordinated Phosphasalen Nickel(III) Complex
Authors: Cao Thi‐Phuong‐Anh , Nocton Grégory , Ricard Louis , Le Goff Xavier F. , Auffrant Audrey 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe oxidation of a NiII complex bearing a tetradentate phosphasalen ligand, which differs from salen by the presence of an iminophosphorane (PN) in place of an imine unit, was easily achieved by addition of a silver salt. The site of this oxidation was investigated with a combination of techniques (NMR, EPR, UV/Vis spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, magnetic measurements) as well as DFT calculations. All data are in agreement with a high‐valent NiIII center concentrating the spin density. This markedly differs from precedents in the salen series for which oxidation on the metal was only observed at low temperature or in the presence of additional ligands or anions. Therefore, thanks to the good electron‐donating properties of the phosphasalen ligand, [Ni(Psalen)]+ represents a rare example of a tetracoordinated high‐valent nickel complex in presence of a phenoxide ligand.
Diastereoselective Synthesis of Open‐Chain Secondary Alkyllithium Compounds and Trapping Reactions with Electrophiles
Authors: Dagousset Guillaume , Moriya Kohei , Mose Rasmus , Berionni Guillaume , Karaghiosoff Konstantin , Knochel Paul 
Published: December 2013

AbstractA practical stereoselective iodide–lithium exchange was used in the first general preparation of functionalized stereodefined acyclic secondary nonstabilized lithium reagents from the corresponding secondary alkyl iodides. These lithium reagents react with various electrophiles including carbon electrophiles with high retention of configuration. Kinetic data on the configurational stability of these acyclic alkyllithium reagents are given. This methodology offers a new entry to chiral synthons for the stereoselective synthesis of open‐chain molecules.
A Discrete‐Time Global Quasi‐Sliding Mode Control Scheme with Bounded External Disturbance Rejection
Authors: Wu M. , Chen J. S. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractA global quasi‐sliding mode control (GQSMC) scheme is introduced to ensure zigzag motion with a smaller bound than that offered by Gao's method and to provide disturbance rejection throughout the entire response in discrete time. The design of an augmented forcing function is followed by three conditions in discrete time extended from global sliding mode control (GSMC) in continuous time. Furthermore, we adopt a switching gain, which is auto‐tuned as a function of sliding surface s(k), such that chattering phenomena can be considerably alleviated during the steady‐state, significantly reducing switching control applied to the plant. The proposed GQSMC scheme can provide more advantages such as an even distribution of the control input throughout the entire response and an improvement in the accuracy and speed of the desired performance, guaranteeing a quasi‐sliding mode throughout the entire response. In addition, we also consider the input disturbance rejection according to the norm‐bounded exogenous signal. Results from both the simulation and the experiments are reported. The results further verify that we can use the global sliding surface to curtail reaching the phase stage.
Parametric modeling of the heteroscedastic traffic speed variance from loop detector data
Authors: Wang Haizhong , Li Zhixia , Hurwitz David , Shi Jianjun 
Published: December 2013

SummaryTraffic speed variance is defined as a measure of the dispersion of space mean speeds among drivers. Empirical speed–density observations exhibit a structured traffic speed variance, which has been found to be associated to the roadway crash rate, the fatality rate, and travel time variability. The objective of this paper is to propose a generalized traffic speed variance function to describe this structured variance. The proposed speed variance function is a response of the speed–density curve with two additional parameters. The estimation of the model parameters in the proposed traffic speed variance function can be carried out through an iterative nonlinear least‐square algorithm (i.e., LevenbergMarquardt). A series of logistic speed–density curve with varying parameters are used in the proposed traffic speed variance function with different levels of performance. The proposed traffic speed variance model can potentially help to unveil the underlying mechanism of empirical traffic phenomenon such as spontaneous congestion or capacity reduction. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modulation of the perforant path‐evoked potential in dentate gyrus as a function of intrahippocampal β‐adrenoceptor agonist concentration in urethane‐anesthetized rat
Authors: Lethbridge Rebecca L. , Walling Susan G. , Harley Carolyn W. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundβ‐adrenoceptor activation in the hippocampus is sufficient to induce heterosynaptic long‐term potentiation of perforant path input to the dentate gyrus. However, in vitro and in vivo studies suggest the plasticity effects of β‐adrenoceptor activation may vary depending on the level of receptor activation.MethodsThe present experiments use an in vivo model concurrently infusing differing concentrations of the β‐adrenoceptor agonist, isoproterenol (ISO; 0, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 μmol/L in aCSF; 1 μL over 12.5 min) in the dentate gyrus, while monitoring changes in the perforant path‐evoked potential at the same site.ResultsLong‐term depression (LTD) of fEPSP slope was elicited by 0.1 μmol/L ISO. Higher doses did not alter fEPSP slope. Maximal long‐term potentiation of the perforant path‐evoked population spike (183% >3 h) occurred at 10 μmol/L ISO. Transient depression of spike amplitude occurred at 0.1 μmol/L ISO.ConclusionsThese data demonstrate concentration‐dependent effects of β‐adrenoceptor activation on the perforant path‐evoked potential. Long‐term depression and long‐term potentiation of perforant path‐evoked responses are variably elicited as a function of the degree of receptor activation.
Effect of Functionalized Groups on Gas‐Adsorption Properties: Syntheses of Functionalized Microporous Metal–Organic Frameworks and Their High Gas‐Storage Capacity
Authors: Wang Yanlong , Tan Chunhong , Sun Zhihao , Xue Zhenzhen , Zhu Qilong , Shen Chaojun , Wen Yuehong , Hu Shengmin , Wang Yong , Sheng Tianlu , Wu Xintao 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe microporous metal–organic framework (MMOF) Zn4O(L1)2⋅9 DMF⋅9 H2O (1‐H) and its functionalized derivatives Zn4O(L1‐CH3)2⋅9 DMF⋅9 H2O (2‐CH3) and Zn4O(L1‐Cl)2⋅9 DMF⋅9 H2O (3‐Cl) have been synthesized and characterized (H3L1=4‐[N,N‐bis(4‐methylbenzoic acid)amino]benzoic acid, H3L1‐CH3=4‐[N,N‐bis(4‐methylbenzoic acid)amino]‐2‐methylbenzoic acid, H3L1‐Cl=4‐[N,N‐bis(4‐methylbenzoic acid)amino]‐2‐chlorobenzoic acid). Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses confirmed that the two functionalized MMOFs are isostructural to their parent MMOF, and are twofold interpenetrated three‐dimensional (3D) microporous frameworks. All of the samples possess enduring porosity with Langmuir surface areas over 1950 cm2 g−1. Their pore volumes and surface areas decrease in the order 1‐H>2‐CH3>3‐Cl. Gas‐adsorption studies show that the H2 uptakes of these samples are among the highest of the MMOFs (2.37 wt % for 3‐Cl at 77 K and 1 bar), although their structures are interpenetrating. Furthermore, this work reveals that the adsorbate–adsorbent interaction plays a more important role in the gas‐adsorption properties of these samples at low pressure, whereas the effects of the pore volumes and surface areas dominate the gas‐adsorption properties at high pressure.
Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen‐Production Performance of Graphene–ZnxCd1−xS Composites by Using an Organic S Source
Authors: Li Qin , Meng Huan , Yu Jiaguo , Xiao Wei , Zheng Yingqiu , Wang Juan 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIn response to the increasing concerns over energy and environmental sustainability, photocatalytic water‐splitting technology has attracted broad attention for its application in directly converting solar energy to valuable hydrogen (H2) energy. In this study, high‐efficiency visible‐light‐driven photocatalytic H2 production without the assistance of precious‐metal cocatalysts was achieved on graphene–ZnxCd1−xS composites with controlled compositions. The graphene‐ZnxCd1−xS composites were for the first time fabricated by a one‐step hydrothermal method with thiourea as an organic S source. It was found that thiourea facilitates heterogeneous nucleation of ZnxCd1−xS and in situ growth of ZnxCd1−xS nanoparticles on graphene nanosheets. Such a scenario results in abundant and intimate interfacial contact between graphene and ZnxCd1−xS nanoparticles, efficient transfer of the photogenerated charge carriers, and enhanced photocatalytic activity for H2 production. The highest H2‐production rate of 1.06 mmol h−1 g−1 was achieved on a graphene–Zn0.5Cd0.5S composite photocatalyst with a graphene content of 0.5 wt %, and the apparent quantum efficiency was 19.8 % at 420 nm. In comparison, the graphene–ZnxCd1−xS composite photocatalyst prepared by using an inorganic S source such as Na2S exhibited much lower activity for photocatalytic H2 production. In this case, homogeneous nucleation of ZnxCd1−xS becomes predominant and results in insufficient and loose contact with the graphene backbone through weak van der Waals forces and a large particle size. This study highlights the significance of the choice of S source in the design and fabrication of advanced graphene‐based sulfide photocatalytic materials with enhanced activity for photocatalytic H2 production.
Towards Ideal Synthesis: Alkenylation of Aryl CH Bonds by a Fujiwara–Moritani Reaction
Authors: Zhou Lihong , Lu Wenjun 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAn overview of recent progress in the Fujiwara–Moritani reaction, which is the palladium‐catalyzed oxidative coupling of arenes with olefins to afford alkenyl arenes, is described. It is emphasized that regioselectivity on aryl ortho‐ or meta‐CH activation could be controlled very well in the presence of Pd, Rh, or Ru catalysts with the assistance of various chelation groups on aromatic rings in this coupling reaction. Catalytic alkenylation of aryl CH bonds from simple arenes is also discussed, especially from electron‐deficient arenes. These advanced protocols would not only make the Fujiwara–Moritani reaction more useful and applicable in organic synthesis but also light the way for the further development of the functionalization of normal CH bonds.
ChemInform Abstract: Na8Au9.8(4)Ga7.2 and Na17Au5.87(2)Ga46.63: The Diversity of Pseudo 5‐Fold Symmetries in the Na—Au—Ga System.
Authors: Smetana Volodymyr , Corbett John D. , Miller Gordon J. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe Na‐rich part of the title system contains the new ternary phases Na8Au9.8Ga7.2 (I) and Na17Au5.87Ga46.63 (II), which are characterized by single crystal XRD and LMTO‐ASA calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Evasive Neutral 2‐Aza‐Cope Rearrangements. Kinetic and Computational Studies with Cyclic Nitrones.
Authors: Delso Ignacio , Melicchio Alessandro , Isasi Arantzazu , Tejero Tomas , Merino Pedro 
Published: December 2013

Abstract2‐Aza‐Cope rearrangements under neutral conditions are investigated by kinetic 1H NMR experiments.
ChemInform Abstract: Low Impact Synthesis of β‐Nitroacrylates under Fully Heterogeneous Conditions.
Authors: Palmieri Alessandro , Gabrielli Serena , Ballini Roberto 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe solvent‐free acetylation of nitroalcohols (I) followed by elimination of acetic acid leads to desired β‐nitroacrylates (II) in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Easy Access to Enamides: A Mild Nickel‐Catalyzed Alkene Isomerization of Allylamides.
Authors: Wang Lu , Liu Chao , Bai Ruopeng , Pan Yani , Lei Aiwen 
Published: December 2013

AbstractVarious substituted N‐allyl‐amides, such as (I), (IV), (VI), and (VIII), are found to be suitable substrates for the isomerization.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Directed C—H Cyanation of Arenes with N‐Cyano‐N‐phenyl‐p‐toluenesulfonamide.
Authors: Gong Tian‐Jun , Xiao Bin , Cheng Wan‐Min , Su Wei , Xu Jun , Liu Zhao‐Jing , Liu Lei , Fu Yao 
Published: December 2013

AbstractA Rh‐catalyzed directed C—H cyanation reaction for the synthesis of aromatic nitriles using N‐cyano‐N‐phenyl‐p‐toluenesulfonamide, as a user‐friendly cyanation reagent is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Combination of Enzyme‐ and Lewis Acid‐Catalyzed Reactions: A New Method for the Synthesis of 6,7‐Dihydrobenzofuran‐4(5H)‐ones Starting from 2,5‐Dimethylfuran and 1,3‐Cyclohexanediones.
Authors: Asta Chimene , Schmidt Dietmar , Conrad Juergen , Frey Wolfgang , Beifuss Uwe 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe (Z)‐hexenedione (I), previously obtained by laccase‐promoted cleavage of 2,5‐dimethylfuran undergoes Gd‐catalyzed reaction with diones (II) to form dihydrobenzofurans (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of 1,1,1‐Trihalo‐3‐nitrobut‐2‐enes with Enamines Derived from Cycloalkanones. Rearrangement of Trifluoromethylated 1,2‐Oxazine N‐Oxide into 1‐Pyrroline N‐Oxides and Stereochemistry of the Products.
Authors: Korotaev V. Yu. , Barkov A. Yu. , Slepukhin P. A. , Sosnovskikh V. Ya. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract1,2‐Oxazine N‐oxides [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile One Pot Synthesis of Substituted Pyrazole Derivatives.
Authors: Haouas Amel , Ben Hamadi Naoufel , Nsira Asma , Msadek Moncef 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAn effective approach to a novel class of highly substituted pyrazoles (III) (9 examples) via 1,3‐cycloaddition reaction between 2‐arylidenebenzofuranone derivatives (II) and aryldiazomethane is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Benzotriazole Derivatives Using Nanoparticles of Organosilane‐Based Nitrite Ionic Liquid Immobilized on Silica and Two Room‐Temperature Nitrite Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Valizadeh Hassan , Gholipour Hamid , Mahmoodian Manzar 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe room‐temperature task‐specific nitrite ionic liquids SPIN and salts (III) are found to be effective nitrosonium sources for the preparation of benzotriazole derivatives (II) from 1,2‐diaminobenzene derivatives.