bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploiting the Metal-Insulator Transition of VO2 Thin Films for Terahertz Wave Modulation and Switching
Authors: Hoque Md Nadim Ferdous , Karaoglan-Bebek Gulten , Holtz Mark , Bernussi Ayrton A. , Fan Zhaoyang 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTVO2 is one of the very few natural materials that can be used to modulate terahertz (THz) radiations. A 100-nm thick VO2, when in its metallic phase, has a charge density of more than ∼ 1015 cm-2 which will strongly reflect and absorb the THz radiation; while in its insulator state, the charge density is lowered by several orders of magnitude to be THz transparent. Therefore, exploiting the metal-insulator transition of VO2 is a potential approach to modulate or even switch THz radiation for THz optics. Here we report that VO2 epitaxial thin films on sapphire substrate exhibits 85% amplitude modulation depth in a broad bandwidth, while this value can be improved to 95% when VO2 film is coated on both sides of a substrate. We further demonstrate that with wafer bonding, 4-layered VO2 thin films exhibit a transmittance as low as -20 dB to -30 dB at their metallic state, enough for switching applications. We also report our proof-of-concept demonstration of THz spatial light modulator that exhibits amplitude modulation as large as 96%, -30 dB pixel-to-pixel crosstalk, and a broad THz bandwidth.
Study of Photoluminescence Properties of CuxO Thin Films Prepared by Reactive Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Gan Jiantuo , Galeckas Augustinas , Venkatachalapathy Vishnukanthan , Riise Heine N. , Svensson Bengt G. , Monakhov Edouard V. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTCuxO thin films have been deposited on a quartz substrate by reactive radio frequency (rf) magnetron sputtering at different target powers Pt (140-190 W) while keeping other growth process parameters fixed. Room-temperature photoluminescence (PL) measurements indicate considerable improvement of crystallinity for the films deposited at Pt>170 W, with most pronounced excitonic features being observed in the film grown using Pt=190 W. These results corroborate well with the surface morphology of the films, which was found more flat, smooth and homogeneous for Pt >170 W films in comparison with those deposited at lower powers.
State Firearm Legislation and Nonfatal Firearm Injuries
Authors: Simonetti Joseph A. , Rowhani-Rahbar Ali , Mills Brianna , Young Bessie , Rivara Frederick P. 
Published: June 2015

Objectives. We investigated whether stricter state-level firearm legislation was associated with lower hospital discharge rates for nonfatal firearm injuries. Methods. We estimated discharge rates for hospitalized and emergency department–treated nonfatal firearm injuries in 18 states in 2010 and used negative binomial regression to determine whether strength of state firearm legislation was independently associated with total nonfatal firearm injury discharge rates. Results. We identified 26 744 discharges for nonfatal firearm injuries. The overall age-adjusted discharge rate was 19.0 per 100 000 person-years (state range = 3.3–36.6), including 7.9 and 11.1 discharges per 100 000 for hospitalized and emergency department–treated injuries, respectively. In models adjusting for differences in state sociodemographic characteristics and economic conditions, states in the strictest tertile of legislative strength had lower discharge rates for total (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.60; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.44, 0.82), assault-related (IRR = 0.58; 95% CI = 0.34, 0.99), self-inflicted (IRR = 0.18; 95% CI = 0.14, 0.24), and unintentional (IRR = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.34, 0.84) nonfatal firearm injuries. Conclusions. There is significant variation in state-level hospital discharge rates for nonfatal firearm injuries, and stricter state firearm legislation is associated with lower discharge rates for such injuries.
Sedative Hypnotic Medication Use and the Risk of Motor Vehicle Crash
Authors: Hansen Ryan N. , Boudreau Denise M. , Ebel Beth E. , Grossman David C. , Sullivan Sean D. 
Published: June 2015

Objectives. We sought to estimate the association between sedative hypnotic use and motor vehicle crash risk. Methods. We conducted a new user cohort study of 409 171 adults in an integrated health care system. Health plan data were linked to driver license and collision records. Participants were aged 21 years or older, licensed to drive in Washington State, had at least 1 year of continuous enrollment between 2003 and 2008, and were followed until death, disenrollment, or study end. We used proportional hazards regression to estimate the risk of crash associated with 3 sedatives. Results. We found 5.8% of patients received new sedative prescriptions, with 11 197 person-years of exposure. New users of sedatives were associated with an increased risk of crash relative to nonuse: temazepam hazard ratio (HR) = 1.27 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.85, 1.91), trazodone HR = 1.91 (95% CI = 1.62, 2.25), and zolpidem HR = 2.20 (95% CI = 1.64, 2.95). These risk estimates are equivalent to blood alcohol concentration levels between 0.06% and 0.11%. Conclusions. New use of sedative hypnotics is associated with increased motor vehicle crash risk. Clinicians initiating sedative hypnotic treatment should consider length of treatment and counseling on driving risk.
Predictive Modeling and Concentration of the Risk of Suicide: Implications for Preventive Interventions in the US Department of Veterans Affairs
Authors: McCarthy John F. , Bossarte Robert M. , Katz Ira R. , Thompson Caitlin , Kemp Janet , Hannemann Claire M. , Nielson Christopher , Schoenbaum Michael 
Published: June 2015

Objectives. The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) evaluated the use of predictive modeling to identify patients at risk for suicide and to supplement ongoing care with risk-stratified interventions. Methods. Suicide data came from the National Death Index. Predictors were measures from VHA clinical records incorporating patient-months from October 1, 2008, to September 30, 2011, for all suicide decedents and 1% of living patients, divided randomly into development and validation samples. We used data on all patients alive on September 30, 2010, to evaluate predictions of suicide risk over 1 year. Results. Modeling demonstrated that suicide rates were 82 and 60 times greater than the rate in the overall sample in the highest 0.01% stratum for calculated risk for the development and validation samples, respectively; 39 and 30 times greater in the highest 0.10%; 14 and 12 times greater in the highest 1.00%; and 6.3 and 5.7 times greater in the highest 5.00%. Conclusions. Predictive modeling can identify high-risk patients who were not identified on clinical grounds. VHA is developing modeling to enhance clinical care and to guide the delivery of preventive interventions.
Les sols forestiers ( Forest soils)
Authors: Ranger Jacques 
Published: June 2015

Summary. - Forest soils are better known since networks were set on, in order to observe forest health. Forest soils type are dominated by soils where agriculture is the most problematical. Soils have very different functions ie agronomical, ecological and environmental. Criterion for sustainable management depends on the main functions of the soil. Soils of the production forests support the maximum constraints because their management is the most often extensive to semi-intensive, which means strong demand to soil fertility without any artificial return to compensate the outputs. Soil fertility is very often considered as unvarying.
Recent works showed that forest ecosystem is very performant in terms of nutrient cycling and efficiency to produce biomass, but that soil is fragile and is a non renewable ressource. Soil acidification is ineluctable but can be accelerated by specific environments and/or by inadapted management practices. Input-output nutrient budgets are to quantify the dynamics of forest soil fertility according to practices, but this methodology is too heavy to be generalized. In parallel to this reference method, researches concerned modelling based on mecanisms and identification of simple indicators of soil functioning.
Functional Heterogeneity and Antimycobacterial Effects of Mouse Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells Specific for Riboflavin Metabolites
Authors: Sakala Isaac G. , Kjer-Nielsen Lars , Eickhoff Christopher S. , Wang Xiaoli , Blazevic Azra , Liu Ligong , Fairlie David P. , Rossjohn Jamie , McCluskey James , Fremont Daved H. , Hansen Ted H. , Hoft Daniel F. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells have a semi-invariant TCR Vα-chain, and their optimal development is dependent upon commensal flora and expression of the nonpolymorphic MHC class I–like molecule MR1. MAIT cells are activated in an MR1-restricted manner by diverse strains of bacteria and yeast, suggesting a widely shared Ag. Recently, human and mouse MR1 were found to bind bacterial riboflavin metabolites (ribityllumazine [RL] Ags) capable of activating MAIT cells. In this study, we used MR1/RL tetramers to study MR1 dependency, subset heterogeneity, and protective effector functions important for tuberculosis immunity. Although tetramer+ cells were detected in both MR1+/+ and MR1−/− TCR Vα19i-transgenic (Tg) mice, MR1 expression resulted in significantly increased tetramer+ cells coexpressing TCR Vβ6/8, NK1.1, CD44, and CD69 that displayed more robust in vitro responses to IL-12 plus IL-18 and RL Ag, indicating that MR1 is necessary for the optimal development of the classic murine MAIT cell memory/effector subset. In addition, tetramer+ MAIT cells expressing CD4, CD8, or neither developing in MR1+/+ Vα19i-Tg mice had disparate cytokine profiles in response to RL Ag. Therefore, murine MAIT cells are considerably more heterogeneous than previously thought. Most notably, after mycobacterial pulmonary infection, heterogeneous subsets of tetramer+ Vα19i-Tg MAIT cells expressing CXCR3 and α4β1 were recruited into the lungs and afforded early protection. In addition, Vα19iCα−/−MR+/+ mice were significantly better protected than were Vα19iCα−/−MR1−/−, wild-type, and MR1−/− non-Tg mice. Overall, we demonstrate considerable functional diversity of MAIT cell responses, as well as that MR1-restricted MAIT cells are important for tuberculosis protective immunity.
Cutting Edge: Dual Function of PPARγ in CD11c+ Cells Ensures Immune Tolerance in the Airways
Authors: Khare Anupriya , Chakraborty Krishnendu , Raundhal Mahesh , Ray Prabir , Ray Anuradha 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The respiratory tract maintains immune homeostasis despite constant provocation by environmental Ags. Failure to induce tolerogenic responses to allergens incites allergic inflammation. Despite the understanding that APCs have a crucial role in maintaining immune tolerance, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Using mice with a conditional deletion of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in CD11c+ cells, we show that PPARγ performs two critical functions in CD11c+ cells to induce tolerance, thereby preserving immune homeostasis. First, PPARγ was crucial for the induction of retinaldehyde dehydrogenase (aldh1a2) selectively in CD103+ dendritic cells, which we recently showed promotes Foxp3 expression in naive CD4+ T cells. Second, in all CD11c+ cells, PPARγ was required to suppress expression of the Th17-skewing cytokines IL-6 and IL-23p19. Also, lack of PPARγ in CD11c+ cells induced p38 MAPK activity, which was recently linked to Th17 development. Thus, PPARγ favors immune tolerance by promoting regulatory T cell generation and blocking Th17 differentiation.
Weight-Bearing Dorsiflexion Range of Motion and Landing Biomechanics in Individuals With Chronic Ankle Instability
Authors: Hoch Matthew C. , Farwell Kelley E. , Gaven Stacey L. , Weinhandl Joshua T. 
Published: June 2015

Context
People with chronic ankle instability (CAI) exhibit less weight-bearing dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM) and less knee flexion during landing than people with stable ankles. Examining the relationship between dorsiflexion ROM and landing biomechanics may identify a modifiable factor associated with altered kinematics and kinetics during landing tasks.

Objective
To examine the relationship between weight-bearing dorsiflexion ROM and single-legged landing biomechanics in persons with CAI.

Design
Cross-sectional study.

Setting
Laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants
Fifteen physically active persons with CAI (5 men, 10 women; age = 21.9 ± 2.1 years, height = 168.7 ± 9.0 cm, mass = 69.4 ± 13.3 kg) participated.

Intervention(s)
Participants performed dorsiflexion ROM and single-legged landings from a 40-cm height. Sagittal-plane kinematics of the lower extremity and ground reaction forces (GRFs) were captured during landing.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Static dorsiflexion was measured using the weight-bearing–lunge test. Kinematics of the ankle, knee, and hip were observed at initial contact, maximum angle, and sagittal displacement. Sagittal displacements of the ankle, knee, and hip were summed to examine overall sagittal displacement. Kinetic variables were maximum posterior and vertical GRFs normalized to body weight. We used Pearson product moment correlations to evaluate the relationships between dorsiflexion ROM and landing biomechanics. Correlations (r) were interpreted as weak (0.00–0.40), moderate (0.41–0.69), or strong (0.70–1.00). The coefficient of determination (r2) was used to determine the amount of explained variance among variables.

Results
Static dorsiflexion ROM was moderately correlated with maximum dorsiflexion (r = 0.49, r2 = 0.24), ankle displacement (r = 0.47, r2 = 0.22), and total displacement (r = 0.67, r2 = 0.45) during landing. Dorsiflexion ROM measured statically and during landing demonstrated moderate to strong correlations with maximum knee (r = 0.69–0.74, r2 = 0.47–0.55) and hip (r = 0.50–0.64, r2 = 0.25–0.40) flexion, hip (r = 0.53–0.55, r2 = 0.28–0.30) and knee (r = 0.53–0.70, r2 = 0.28–0.49) displacement, and vertical GRF (−0.47– −0.50, r2 = 0.22–0.25).

Conclusions
Dorsiflexion ROM was moderately to strongly related to sagittal-plane kinematics and maximum vertical GRF during single-legged landing in persons with CAI. Persons with less dorsiflexion ROM demonstrated a more erect landing posture and greater GRF.
Central role of Th2/Tc2 lymphocytes in pattern II multiple sclerosis lesions
Authors: Planas Raquel , Metz Imke , Ortiz Yaneth , Vilarrasa Nuria , Jelčić Ilijas , Salinas‐Riester Gabriela , Heesen Christoph , Brück Wolfgang , Martin Roland , Sospedra Mireia 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObjectiveMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease of the central nervous system with marked heterogeneity in several aspects including pathological processes. Based on infiltrating immune cells, deposition of humoral factors and loss of oligodendrocytes and/or myelin proteins, four lesion patterns have been described. Pattern II is characterized by antibody and complement deposition in addition to T‐cell infiltration. MS is considered a T‐cell‐mediated disease, but until now the study of pathogenic T cells has encountered major challenges, most importantly the limited access of brain‐infiltrating T cells. Our objective was to identify, isolate, and characterize brain‐infiltrating clonally expanded T cells in pattern II MS lesions.MethodsWe used next‐generation sequencing to identify clonally expanded T cells in demyelinating pattern II brain autopsy lesions, subsequently isolated these as T‐cell clones from autologous cerebrospinal fluid and functionally characterized them.ResultsWe identified clonally expanded CD8+ but also CD4+ T cells in demyelinating pattern II lesions and for the first time were able to isolate these as live T‐cell clones. The functional characterization shows that T cells releasing Th2 cytokines and able to provide B cell help dominate the T‐cell infiltrate in pattern II brain lesions.InterpretationOur data provide the first functional evidence for a putative role of Th2/Tc2 cells in pattern II MS supporting the existence of this pathogenic phenotype and questioning the protective role that is generally ascribed to Th2 cells. Our observations are important to consider for future treatments of pattern II MS patients.
Pim Kinase Inhibitors Evaluated with a Single‐Molecule Engineered Nanopore Sensor
Authors: Harrington Leon , Alexander Leila T. , Knapp Stefan , Bayley Hagan 
Published: June 2015

AbstractProtein kinases are critical therapeutic targets. Pim kinases are implicated in several leukaemias and cancers. Here, we exploit a protein nanopore sensor for Pim kinases that bears a pseudosubstrate peptide attached by an enhanced engineering approach. Analyte binding to the sensor peptide is measured through observation of the modulation of ionic current through a single nanopore. We observed synergistic binding of MgATP and kinase to the sensor, which was used to develop a superior method to evaluate Pim kinase inhibitors featuring label‐free determination of inhibition constants. The procedure circumvents many sources of bias or false‐positives inherent in current assays. For example, we identified a potent inhibitor missed by differential scanning fluorimetry. The approach is also amenable to implementation on high throughput chips.
Development of Chiral Spiro P‐N‐S Ligands for Iridium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of β‐Alkyl‐β‐Ketoesters
Authors: Bao Deng‐Hui , Wu Hui‐Ling , Liu Chao‐Lun , Xie Jian‐Hua , Zhou Qi‐Lin 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe chiral tridentate spiro P‐N‐S ligands (SpiroSAP) were developed, and their iridium complexes were prepared. Introduction of a 1,3‐dithiane moiety into the ligand resulted in a highly efficient chiral iridium catalyst for asymmetric hydrogenation of β‐alkyl‐β‐ketoesters, producing chiral β‐alkyl‐β‐hydroxyesters with excellent enantioselectivities (95–99.9 % ee) and turnover numbers of up to 355 000.
Well‐Defined and Robust Rhodium Catalysts for the Hydroacylation of Terminal and Internal Alkenes
Authors: Prades Amparo , Fernández Maitane , Pike Sebastian D. , Willis Michael C. , Weller Andrew S. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA Rh‐catalyst system based on the asymmetric ligand tBu2PCH2P(o‐C6H4OMe)2 is reported that allows for the hydroacylation of challenging internal alkenes with β‐substituted aldehydes. Mechanistic studies point to the stabilizing role of both excess alkene and the OMe‐group.
Flexible /PET/batio3/ layer–layer composite film with enhanced dielectric properties fabricated by highly loaded /batio3/ coating with acrylic resin as binder
Authors: Zhou Yan , Wang Li , Ma Yuhong , Chen Dong , Zhao Changwen , Yang Wantai 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTFlexible layer–layer poly(ethylene phthalate) (PET)/BaTiO3 composite films with enhanced dielectric permittivity were fabricated by spin coating method, consisting of PET substrate film layer and modified BaTiO3/acrylic resin hybrid coating layer. The thickness of coating layer was less than 3 μm (about 2% of PET film thickness), and therefore, the PET/barium titanate (BT) composite films remained flexible even at high volume fraction of BaTiO3 fillers. The volume contents of BaTiO3 were varied from 0 to 80%, and the solid contents of BaTiO3/acrylic resin were in the range of 51.8–72.9%. Scanning electron microscopy showed strong interaction of finely dispersed BaTiO3 particles with acrylic resin. Morphological profile also displayed uniform coating layer of modified BaTiO3/acrylic resin and its strong adhesion with PET film. The dielectric constant of the PET/BaTiO3 composite films increased by about 26% at 60 vol % BaTiO3 loading when compared with the pristine PET film, whereas the dielectric loss decreased slightly. In addition, PET‐grafted poly(hydroxylethyl methacrylate) brushes were used as substrate to introduce covalent bonding with the coating layer. Further enhancement of dielectric constant and reduction of dielectric loss were realized when compared with the composite films with bare PET substrate. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42508.
Micrometric measures and orbits of southern visual double stars
Authors: Argyle R. W. , Alyner A. , van Leeuwen F. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract525 measures of 213 visual double stars have been made using the 26.5‐inch (67‐cm) Innes telescope in Johannesburg and the Repsold micrometer between 2008.375 and 2008.419, 2010.608 and 2010.652, and 2013.663 and 2013.712. A comparison with known orbits is made. Revised orbits are presented for WDS 01061–4643 (SLR 1), WDS 12415–4858 (HJ 4539), WDS 16253–4909 (COO 197) and WDS 16425–3705 (R 283). (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The simulation of the magnetic field and spin period evolution of accreting neutron stars
Authors: Pan Y. Y. , Song L. M. , Zhang C. M. , Guo Y. Q. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBy means of the Monte Carlo method, we simulate the evolutionary distribution of accreting neutron stars (NSs) in the magnetic field versus spin period (B‐P) diagram where the accretion induced magnetic‐field decay model is exploited. The simulated results show that by mass accretion the B‐P distribution of the accreting NS would evolve along the equilibrium period line to a region with low field and short period. The B‐P distributions of the simulated accreting NSs are consistent with those of the observed millisecond pulsars (MSPs) after accretion of ∼ 0.1–0.2 M⊙. We also test the effects of the initial magnetic field and the spin period on the evolved B‐P distribution of the accreting NSs. It is shown that the evolved distributions of the simulated samples are independent of the selection of the initial condition when the NS magnetic field decays to a value less than ∼1010 G. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The effect of pre‐existing mental health comorbidities on the stage at diagnosis and timeliness of care of solid tumor malignances in a Veterans Affairs (VA) medical center
Authors: Wadia Roxanne J. , Yao Xiaopan , Deng Yanhong , Li Jia , Maron Steven , Connery Donna , Gunduz‐Bruce Handan , Rose Michal G. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThere are limited data on the impact of mental health comorbidities (MHC) on stage at diagnosis and timeliness of cancer care. Axis I MHC affect approximately 30% of Veterans receiving care within the Veterans Affairs (VA) system. The purpose of this study was to compare stage at diagnosis and timeliness of care of solid tumor malignancies among Veterans with and without MHC. We performed a retrospective analysis of 408 charts of Veterans with colorectal, urothelial, and head/neck cancer diagnosed and treated at VA Connecticut Health Care System (VACHS) between 2008 and 2011. We collected demographic data, stage at diagnosis, medical and mental health co‐morbidities, treatments received, key time intervals, and number of appointments missed. The study was powered to assess for stage migration of 15–20% from Stage I/II to Stage III/IV. There was no significant change in stage distribution for patients with and without MHC in the entire study group (p = 0.9442) and in each individual tumor type. There were no significant differences in the time intervals from onset of symptoms to initiation of treatment between patients with and without MHC (p = 0.1135, 0.2042 and 0.2352, respectively). We conclude that at VACHS, stage at diagnosis for patients with colorectal, urothelial and head and neck cancers did not differ significantly between patients with and without MHC. Patients with MHC did not experience significant delays in care. Our study indicates that in a medical system in which mental health is integrated into routine care, patients with Axis I MHC do not experience delays in cancer care.