bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elevated Remnant Cholesterol in 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Deficiency in the General Population
Authors: Ooi Esther M. , Afzal Shoaib , Nordestgaard Børge G. 
Published: July 2014

Background—
Low plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels are associated with high cardiovascular risk. This may be because that low 25(OH)D levels are associated with high levels of atherogenic lipoproteins, but whether these 2 risk factors are genetically associated is unknown. We tested this hypothesis.

Methods and Results—
Using a Mendelian randomization approach, potential genetic associations between plasma levels of atherogenic lipoproteins and 25(OH)D were examined in ≤85 868 white, Danish individuals in whom we genotyped for variants affecting plasma levels of 25(OH)D, nonfasting remnant cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. Lipoprotein levels were measured in all and 25(OH)D levels in 31 435. A doubling in nonfasting remnant cholesterol levels was observationally and genetically associated with −6.0%(95% confidence interval [CI], −6.5% to −5.5%) and −8.9% (95% CI, −15% to −2.3%) lower plasma 25(OH)D levels. For low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels, corresponding values were −4.6% (95% CI, −5.4% to −3.7%) observationally and −11% (95% CI, −29% to +6.9%) genetically. In contrast, a halving in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels was observationally associated with −1.5% (95% CI, −2.2% to −0.7%) lower but genetically associated with +20% (95% CI, +7.4% to +34%) higher plasma 25(OH)D levels. Plasma levels of lipoprotein(a) and 25(OH)D did not associate. Finally, low 25(OH)D levels did not associate genetically with levels of remnant and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol.

Conclusions—
Genetically elevated nonfasting remnant cholesterol is associated with low 25(OH)D levels, whereas genetically reduced high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol is not associated with low 25(OH)D levels. These findings suggest that low 25(OH)D levels observationally is simply a marker for elevated atherogenic lipoproteins and question a role for vitamin D supplementation in the prevention of cardiovascular disease.
Juncus fascinatus (Juncaceae), a new combination in Juncus sect. Ozophyllum and notes on morphologically similar species
Authors: Knapp Wesley Martin 
Published: July 2014

Research of the morphologic variation within Juncus (Juncaceae) sect. Ozophyllum has revealed the need for a new combination, Juncus fascinatus. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses show that J. fascinatus is morphologically distinct from J. validus. Juncus fascinatus is described, illustrated, and compared to the superficially similar species J. paludosus, J. polycephalos, and J. validus. Juncus fascinatus is endemic to 25 counties in north-central and southeastern Texas whereas J. validus is more widespread and weedy. Juncus fascinatus is distinguished from J. validus by a united capsule apex at dehiscence, capsule length, inner and outer tepal length, length by which the capsule exceeds the tepals, and inflorescence length and width. Juncus validus is ecologically distinct from J. fascinatus and has shown a rapid range expansion throughout the southeastern United States and into the Mid-Atlantic. Juncus validus is most likely non-native west of the Mississippi River. The morphologically similar J. paludosus is reported from Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and South Carolina for the first time. Juncus polycephalos is reported from Kansas.
Isolation and enzyme bioprospection of endophytic bacteria associated with plants of Brazilian mangrove ecosystem
Authors: Castro Renata A , Quecine Maria Carolina , Lacava Paulo T , Batista Bruna D , Luvizotto Danice M , Marcon Joelma , Ferreira Anderson , Melo Itamar S , Azevedo João L 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The mangrove ecosystem is a coastal tropical biome located in the transition zone between land and sea that is characterized by periodic flooding, which confers unique and specific environmental conditions on this biome. In these ecosystems, the vegetation is dominated by a particular group of plant species that provide a unique environment harboring diverse groups of microorganisms, including the endophytic microorganisms that are the focus of this study. Because of their intimate association with plants, endophytic microorganisms could be explored for biotechnologically significant products, such as enzymes, proteins, antibiotics and others. Here, we isolated endophytic microorganisms from two mangrove species, Rhizophora mangle and Avicennia nitida, that are found in streams in two mangrove systems in Bertioga and Cananéia, Brazil. Bacillus was the most frequently isolated genus, comprising 42% of the species isolated from Cananéia and 28% of the species from Bertioga. However, other common endophytic genera such as Pantoea, Curtobacterium and Enterobacter were also found. After identifying the isolates, the bacterial communities were evaluated for enzyme production. Protease activity was observed in 75% of the isolates, while endoglucanase activity occurred in 62% of the isolates. Bacillus showed the highest activity rates for amylase and esterase and endoglucanase. To our knowledge, this is the first reported diversity analysis performed on endophytic bacteria obtained from the branches of mangrove trees and the first overview of the specific enzymes produced by different bacterial genera. This work contributes to our knowledge of the microorganisms and enzymes present in mangrove ecosystems.
Increase of nerve growth factor levels in the human herniated intervertebral disc: can annular rupture trigger discogenic back pain?
Authors: Aoki Yasuchika , Nakajima Arata , Ohtori Seiji , Takahashi Hiroshi , Watanabe Fusako , Sonobe Masato , Terajima Fumiaki , Saito Masahiko , Takahashi Kazuhisa , Toyone Tomoaki , Watanabe Atsuya , Nakajima Takayuki , Takazawa Makoto , Nakagawa Koichi 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Nerve growth factor (NGF) has an important role in the generation of discogenic pain. We hypothesized that annular rupture is a trigger for discogenic pain through the action of NGF. In this study, the protein levels of NGF in discs from patients with disc herniation were examined and compared with those from discs of patients with other lumbar degenerative disc diseases.

Methods
Patients (n = 55) with lumbar degenerative disc disease treated by surgery were included. Nucleus pulposus tissue (or herniated disc tissue) was surgically removed and homogenized; protein levels were quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for NGF. Levels of NGF in the discs were compared between 1) patients with herniated discs (herniated group) and those with other lumbar degenerative disc diseases (non-herniated group), and 2) low-grade and high-grade degenerated discs. Patient’s symptoms were assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) and the Oswestry disability index (ODI); the influence of NGF levels on pre- and post-operative symptoms was examined.

Results
Mean levels of NGF in discs of patients were significantly higher in herniated discs (83.4 pg/mg total protein) than those in non-herniated discs (68.4 pg/mg).
No significant differences in levels of NGF were found between low-grade and high-grade degenerated discs. Multivariate analysis, adjusted for age and sex, also showed significant correlation between the presence of disc herniation and NGF levels, though no significant correlation was found between disc degeneration and NGF levels. In both herniated and non-herniated groups, pre-operative symptoms were not related to NGF levels. In the herniated group, post-operative lower extremity pain and low back pain (LBP) in motion were greater in patients with low levels of NGF; no significant differences were found in the non-herniated group.

Conclusions
This study reports that NGF increased in herniated discs, and may play an important role in the generation of discogenic pain. Analysis of patient symptoms revealed that pre-operative NGF levels were related to post-operative residual lower extremity pain and LBP in motion. The results suggest that NGF in the disc is related to pain generation, however, the impact of NGF on generation of LBP varies in individual patients.
MicroRNA-18a inhibits hypoxia-inducible factor 1α activity and lung metastasis in basal breast cancers
Authors: Krutilina Raisa , Sun Wenlin , Sethuraman Aarti , Brown Martin , Seagroves Tiffany N , Pfeffer Lawrence M , Ignatova Tatyana , Fan Meiyun 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Introduction
In breast cancer, distinct expression profiles of microRNAs (miRNAs) have been associated with molecular subgroups and clinicopathological characteristics, implicating a diagnostic and prognostic role of miRNAs. However, the biological functions of deregulated miRNAs in tumor progression are not yet completely defined. In this study, we investigated the function of miR-18a in regulating breast cancer metastasis through the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1A)–dependent hypoxic response.

Methods
An orthotopic metastatic breast cancer xenograft model (MDA-MB-231 cells) was used to identify miRNAs associated with spontaneous lung metastasis. The function of miR-18a in regulating HIF1A expression, as well as cellular responses to hypoxia and metastasis, were then studied in vitro and in vivo by assessing ectopic miR-18a expression or miR-18a inhibition. miRNA–mRNA interactions (AGO2 immunoprecipitation and 3′ untranslated region Luciferase reporter assays), gene expression (quantitative PCR and microarray), cell migration and invasion, and cell growth were assessed under normoxic or hypoxic conditions, complemented by orthotopic xenograft of tumor cells to the mammary fat pad to investigate the effect of modulating miR-18a expression on primary tumor growth and lung metastasis. Last, clinically relevant correlations between miR-18a, HIF1A, hypoxia-responsive gene expression and distant metastasis–free survival (DMFS) were assessed using published expression array breast tumors data sets.

Results
miRNAs encoded by the MIR17HG gene were downregulated in lung metastases compared to primary tumors. Ectopic expression of miR-18a, a MIR17HG family member, in a metastatic variant of MDA-MB-231 cells reduced primary tumor growth and lung metastasis, whereas miR-18a inhibition in the parental cells promoted tumor growth and lung metastasis. We identified HIF1A as a direct target of miR-18a. Modulating miR-18a expression significantly affected hypoxic gene expression, cell invasiveness and sensitivity to anoikis and hypoxia in vitro in a HIF1A-dependent manner. Analysis of previously published data revealed that higher expression of HIF1A and a panel of hypoxic genes is associated with shorter DMFS interval in patients with basal-like breast tumors, and that, within this subtype, miR-18a expression is inversely correlated with hypoxic gene expression. Together, these data support a role of miR-18a in repressing distant metastasis through a HIF1A-dependent pathway.

Conclusions
The results of this study reveal a novel role for miR-18a in targeting HIF1A and repressing metastasis of basal-like breast tumors.
Early mobilization on continuous renal replacement therapy is safe and may improve filter life
Authors: Wang Yi Tian , Haines Terry P , Ritchie Paul , Walker Craig , Ansell Teri A , Ryan Danielle T , Lim Phaik-Sim , Vij Sanjiv , Acs Rebecca , Fealy Nigel , Skinner Elizabeth H 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Despite studies demonstrating benefit, patients with femoral vascular catheters placed for continuous renal replacement therapy are frequently restricted from mobilization. No researchers have reported filter pressures during mobilization, and it is unknown whether mobilization is safe or affects filter lifespan. Our objective in this study was to test the safety and feasibility of mobilization in this population.

Methods
A total of 33 patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy via femoral, subclavian or internal jugular vascular access catheters at two general medical-surgical intensive care units in Australia were enrolled. Patients underwent one of three levels of mobilization intervention as appropriate: (1) passive bed exercises, (2) sitting on the bed edge or (3) standing and/or marching. Catheter dislodgement, haematoma and bleeding during and following interventions were evaluated. Filter pressure parameters and lifespan (hours), nursing workload and concern were also measured.

Results
No episodes of filter occlusion or failure occurred during any of the interventions. No adverse events were detected. The intervention filters lasted longer than the nonintervention filters (regression coefficient = 13.8 (robust 95% confidence interval (CI) = 5.0 to 22.6), P = 0.003). In sensitivity analyses, we found that filter life was longer in patients who had more position changes (regression coefficient = 2.0 (robust 95% CI = 0.6 to 3.5), P = 0.007). The nursing workloads between the intervention shift and the following shift were similar.

Conclusions
Mobilization during renal replacement therapy via a vascular catheter in patients who are critically ill is safe and may increase filter life. These findings have significant implications for the current mobility restrictions imposed on patients with femoral vascular catheters for renal replacement therapy.

Trial registration
Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12611000733976 (registered 13 July 2011)
Current and upcoming approaches to exploit the reversibility of epigenetic mutations in breast cancer
Authors: Falahi Fahimeh , van Kruchten Michel , Martinet Nadine , Hospers Geke , Rots Marianne G 
Published: July 2014

AbstractDNA methylation and histone modifications are important epigenetic modifications associated with gene (dys)regulation. The epigenetic modifications are balanced by epigenetic enzymes, so-called writers and erasers, such as DNA (de)methylases and histone (de)acetylases. Aberrant epigenetic alterations have been associated with various diseases, including breast cancer. Since aberrant epigenetic modifications are potentially reversible, they might represent targets for breast cancer therapy. Indeed, several drugs have been designed to inhibit epigenetic enzymes (epi-drugs), thereby reversing epigenetic modifications. US Food and Drug Administration approval has been obtained for some epi-drugs for hematological malignancies. However, these drugs have had very modest anti-tumor efficacy in phase I and II clinical trials in breast cancer patients as monotherapy. Therefore, current clinical trials focus on the combination of epi-drugs with other therapies to enhance or restore the sensitivity to such therapies. This approach has yielded some promising results in early phase II trials. The disadvantage of epi-drugs, however, is genome-wide effects, which may cause unwanted upregulation of, for example, pro-metastatic genes. Development of gene-targeted epigenetic modifications (epigenetic editing) in breast cancer can provide a novel approach to prevent such unwanted events. In this context, identification of crucial epigenetic modifications regulating key genes in breast cancer is of critical importance. In this review, we first describe aberrant DNA methylation and histone modifications as two important classes of epigenetic mutations in breast cancer. Then we focus on the preclinical and clinical epigenetic-based therapies currently being explored for breast cancer. Finally, we describe epigenetic editing as a promising new approach for possible applications towards more targeted breast cancer treatment.
When noise makes music: HIV reactivation with transcriptional noise enhancers
Authors: Tan Xu , Elledge Stephen J 
Published: July 2014

AbstractReactivating latent HIV is key to depleting the virus reservoir in AIDS patients. A recent paper has described the rationale for and discovery of a new class of drugs - transcriptional noise enhancers - that can synergize with conventional transcription activators to more effectively reactivate latently infected T cells. As well as describing a promising new strategy in the bid to find a cure for AIDS, this study more broadly highlights the utility of exploring drug combinations in treatment of human disease.
Giving it all artistically: Observations on the 48th Maribor Theatre Festival: The move towards the grotesque as a sentiment of crisis
Authors: Irmer Thomas 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
This review discusses several productions from last year's festival program (competition and additional shows) in the context of social crisis and the aesthetics of the grotesque in drama and theatre. One outstanding example is the winner of the Borštnikovo Grand Prix, Crazy Locomotive directed by Jernej Lorenci, while other shows exhibited performance aesthetics as a strong tradition in Slovenian theatre (Oliver Frljić, Dragan Živadinov, Irena Tomažin).
Paradise lost: In Africa and in Europe, with Brett Bailey, the mesmerizer, in charge
Authors: Stefanova Kalina 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
This article aims at introducing the extraordinary talent of South African director Brett Bailey by recreating the second installment of his Exhibit Series - a unique art-and-politics event that has been stunning and disconcerting European audiences - and by presenting a firsthand account of the main developments in his work, from his first show Zombie until now.
Nobody is innocent
Authors: Založnik Jasmina 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
This article focuses on the relation of women artists toward the problem of the body and woman as Other in performance art practices. It addresses the changes in corporeal politics and the procedures of governmentality in contemporary society through a debut performance by the young Croatian dancer and choreographer Nataša Mihoci entitled Nobody Is Innocent. Further, it scrutinises representations of women in popular culture, the production of the image and its effects on the process of subjectivation.
The duality of an actor's emotional experience
Authors: Veselko Katarina 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Understanding the psychology of emotions can help an actor convincingly play a character while maintaining their presence. Emotions are not an independent entity, but a complex circular reaction composed of the processes of reflection, bodily reaction, preparation for action, experience and behaviour. An actor's emotional experience takes place at several levels: in addition to their personal emotions, they experience task-emotions, which are intense emotions related to the demands of their work. At the same time, they want to convincingly portray the emotions of the character they are playing. In order to achieve this, they use double consciousness and simultaneously experience different emotions. Actors can enter the circular emotional reaction at different points. They thus make the best use of task-emotions as the physiological basis for acted emotions, which are therefore more convincing and increase the actor's presence.
Affect theory as a tool: The work of Jordi Gal
Authors: Pujol Quim 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
This article explores the idiosyncrasy that lies behind the performances of Jordi Galí. It analyzes statements made by the artist in an epistolary exchange with the author and draws comparisons with some key concepts in the field of affect theory. It concludes that Galí's approach to performance is in accordance with many views put forward by affect theory, especially in relation to the blurring between object and subject. At the same time, it examines the mode of thinking and the political implications of affect theory in order to identify its main contributions and boundaries.
The justification of the Borštnik Earring Award
Authors: Vojevec Jaka Andrej , Hamer Simona , Bačar Blaž 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The ad hoc justification of the ad hoc life's work award awarded to young Slovenian actor Klemen Janežič on 22 October 2013 on the Small Stage of the Slovenian National Theatre Maribor.
La burbuja audiovisual de la TDT y la crisis financiera: un cóctel molotov para la TV
Authors: Calvo-Gutiérrez Elvira 
Published: July 2014

La llegada de la TDT prometía mejorar sustancialmente el panorama televisivo en España pero en realidad no ha sido así. Durante 2010 y 2011 hemos asistido a cambios sustanciales e importantísimos en los nuevos canales. Intereconomía TV se ha convertido en una televisión generalista; Tele 5 ha adquirido Cuatro; CNN+ pasó a ser Gran Hermano TV; Veo 7, de El Mundo, cesó temporalmente sus emisiones por falta de rentabilidad; y La 10, de Vocento, ha prescindido de sus informativos y de la producción propia. Los canales privados se ven obligados a fusionarse o a cerrar y los públicos atraviesan serias dificultades para sobrevivir. La burbuja audiovisual que ha traído la TDT y la crisis financiera forman un cóctel molotov para la televisión. La TDT está dejando mas víctimas por el camino que beneficios se esperaban. Ni diversificación, ni calidad de contenidos, ni servicio público. La Televisión es, cada vez más intrascendente.
Reseñas del número
Authors: Autores Varios 
Published: July 2014

EneroEssential Killing de Jerzy SkolimowskiEl Havre de Aki KaurismakiVioleta se fue a los cielos de Andrés WoodMarti, Dupa Craciun (Martes, después de Navidad) de Radu MunteanMy Joy de Serguei LoznitsaThe Ides of March de George ClooneyKosmos de Reha ErdemMary and Max de Adam Elliot FebreroJ Edgar de Clint EastwoodThe Turin Horse de Béla TarrMoneyball de Bennett MillerLos Descendientes de Alexander PayneEleni de Theo Angelopoulos (Homenaje Al Director)El Paso Suspendido de la Cigüeña de Theo Angelopoulos (Homenaje Al Director) MarzoFausto de Aleksandr SokurovLa Invención de Hugo de Martin ScorseseDeclaración de Guerra de Valérie Donzelli
Elementos del proceso de comunicación que orientan el discurso de los profesores universitarios
Authors: Guanipa-Pérez María 
Published: July 2014

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar los elementos del proceso de comunicación que orientan el discurso de los profesores universitarios. Para ello se realizó un estudio de campo, carácter descriptivo; con un enfoque hermenéutico mediante la utilización de los enfoques de investigación cualitativo y cuantitativo, clasificando este estudio como un diseño no experimental-transversal. Por otra parte, se hizo una revisión bibliográfica cuyo análisis permitió conocer los actos comunicativos que se dan en el aula entre el profesor y el alumno y como este podrá interpretarlos para luego comprenderlos. Se concluye que mas de la mitad de los estudiantes, de Comunicación Social consideran que el profesor no utiliza un lenguaje explícito, no comparten con los alumnos el conocimiento del contenido programático, no comparte las experiencias de los profesores para emitir sus mensajes, no posee los recursos para emitir mensajes de diferente manera, los cálculos erróneos de los alumnos no son atendidos por los profesores, los estudiantes desconocen las intenciones del profesor durante las clases presenciales, antes de iniciar el proceso de comunicación los profesores no captan la atención del alumno, están de acuerdo que los múltiples significados del lenguaje utilizados por los profesores interfieren en la comprensión durante los encuentros pedagógicos.