bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of protease-activated receptor-2 on pulmonary neutrophils in the innate immune response to cockroach allergen
Authors: Lutfi Riad , Lewkowich Ian P , Zhou Ping , Ledford John R , Page Kristen 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundSerine proteases in German cockroach (GC) have been shown to mediate allergic airway inflammation through the activation of protease activated receptor (PAR)-2. Neutrophils play an important role in regulating the innate immune response, and are recruited into the airways following GC frass exposure. As such, we investigated the role of PAR-2 in airway neutrophil recruitment, activation and cytokine production following allergen exposure.MethodsWild type and PAR-2-deficient mice were administered a single intratracheal instillation of PBS or GC frass and neutrophil recruitment, expression of PAR-2, CD80, CD86, and MHC class II were assessed by flow cytometry and levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α was assessed by ELISA. Uptake of AlexaFluor 405-labeled GC frass by neutrophils was performed by flow cytometry.ResultsNeutrophil recruitment in the lung and airways following GC frass exposure was significantly decreased in PAR-2-deficient mice compared to wild type mice. GC frass exposure increased the level of PAR-2 on pulmonary neutrophils and increased numbers of PAR-2-positive neutrophils were found in the lungs; however PAR-2 did not play a role in meditating allergen uptake. Comparing wild type and PAR-2-deficient mice, we found that a single exposure to GC frass increased levels of CD80 and CD86 on pulmonary neutrophils, an effect which was independent of PAR-2 expression. Neutrophils isolated from the whole lungs of naïve PAR-2-deficient mice treatedex vivowith GC frass produced significantly less TNFα than in similarly treated wild type neutrophils. Lastly, neutrophils were isolated from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of wild type and PAR-2-deficient mice following a single intratracheal exposure to GC frass. Airway neutrophils from PAR-2-deficient mice released substantially decreased levels of TNFα, suggesting a role for PAR-2 in neutrophil-derived cytokine production.ConclusionsTogether these data suggest PAR-2 expression can be upregulated on lung neutrophils following allergen exposure and the consequence is altered release of TNFα which could drive the early innate immune response.
Children in hospital in Ireland - what do they eat and what do they weigh: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Flinn Aisling , Macken Alan P , Cullen Walter , Leddin Des , Dunne Colum , O’Gorman Clodagh S 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundOverweight and obesity is a growing problem in Ireland. Many parents are unaware when their child is overweight or obese. Our objectives were to examine parents’ perceptions of a healthy diet and their children’s BMI; and to evaluate the food offered to children in our paediatric in-patient unit.FindingsA retrospective questionnaire was distributed to 95 patients and their families admitted over one month. Seventy-eight had BMI values calculated (42 males, 36 females). Twenty-one children (26.9%) were overweight/obese: 14/21 parents (66.7%) thought their child had a normal weight. Sixty percent of children served dinner in the hospital were given fried potatoes. Four had fruit/vegetables. Forty-six parents brought food into hospital, of these 14 brought purchased food.ConclusionsThis study highlights the problem of child obesity in Ireland and parental underestimation of this problem. The nutritional value of food served to children in hospital needs to be improved and hospital admissions used as opportunities to promote healthy eating habits.
3D seismic survey at the Millennium uranium deposit, Saskatchewan, Canada: Mapping depth to basement and imaging post-Athabasca structure near the orebody
Authors: Juhojuntti Niklas , Wood Garnet , Juhlin Christopher , O’Dowd Clare , Dueck Peter , Cosma Calin 
Published: September 2012

Three-dimensional seismic reflection measurements have been used to assist mine planning at the Millennium uranium deposit, Canada. The deposit is located within the crystalline basement, separated from the overlying Athabasca Basin sediments by an unconformity potentially associated with significant fluid flow. The primary objective of the [Formula: see text] survey was to image the unconformity and possible post-Athabasca deformation structures in and around the deposit. Clear unconformity reflections are observed within most of the survey area, although there are amplitude variations due to complex geology, including intense hydrothermal clay alteration around the deposit. Finite-difference modeling indicates that the wide-angle character of the unconformity reflections is due to a gradual velocity increase at the unconformity. The reflections are obscured by large time delays, due to Quaternary sediments covering the area, making refraction static corrections crucial. The seismic interpretation shows large variations in the unconformity depth (from approximately 430 to 650 m), indicating a pronounced basement depression that coincides with a gravity low. Reflections from the unconformity are vague within the depression, especially in the vicinity of the deposit. Although the orebody is not directly visible in the seismic image, there is a lack of reflectivity coincident with the alteration surrounding the mineralization. We also observed reflections which likely originate at the contact between the altered and fresh basement rock located beneath the deposit. The seismic data further indicate post-Athabasca faults in the vicinity of the orebody. Based on the initial seismic interpretation, the depth of the crown pillar was adjusted and the mine infrastructure moved away from areas interpreted to be affected by the intense hydrothermal alteration surrounding the deposit. The capability to image the unconformity, post-Athabasca structure, and hydrothermal alteration also highlights the potential use of seismic surveys in uranium exploration.
Lorentzkraft — Anemometrie für die berührungslose Durchflussmessung von Metallschmelzen
Authors: Klein Rico , Weidermann Christian , Wang Xiaodong , Gramss Michael , Alferenok Artem , Thieme Alexander , Kolesnikov Yuri , Karcher Christian , Thess André 
Published: September 2012

Zusammenfassung
In der Metallurgiebranche fehlen derzeit geeignete Verfahren zur präzisen Erfassung, Regelung und Dosierung der zwischen den einzelnen Produktionsstufen übertragenen Mengen an Metallschmelze. Durch den Einsatz des patentierten Verfahrens der Lorentzkraft-Anemometrie, bei dem der direkte Kontakt zur heißen Metallschmelze nicht erforderlich ist, lässt sich diese Aufgabe lösen und somit ein nachhaltiger Beitrag zu zukünftig energie- und kostenoptimierter Produktion leisten. Im vorliegenden Artikel werden das Prinzip des Verfahrens erläutert und die wissenschaftlich-technischen Wege zur Entwicklung, Prüfung und Kalibierung von entsprechenden Lorentzkraft-Anemometern vorgestellt. Desweiteren werden Beispiele aktueller Anwendungen der Lorentzkraft-Anemometrie in der Praxis diskutiert.
Isolation and Identification of Uterine Microorganisms in Postpartum Dairy Cows
Authors: Nesa Azizun , Joy S D , Faruk M O 
Published: September 2012

The aim of this study was to isolate and identify uterine microorganisms in postpartum cows and to observe the occurrence of uterine infection in crossbred and local cows. One hundred and nine samples, from both crossbred and local dairy cows were collected from Chittagong area. They were inseminated artificially (n=89) and naturally (n=20). Samples were collected at least 3 months after calving. Among the selected cows, 33 had different reproductive diseases and the rest were from apparently healthy cows. The crossbred dairy cows were more susceptible to reproductive diseases (19.27%) than the local ones. Uterine infection was higher (52%) in cows inseminated artificially than that of natural ones (21.21%). Nineteen different types of bacteria were isolated from both diseased and healthy animals, except Clostridium spp and Nocardia spp which were not found in diseased animal. Likewise, Bacillus spp and Salmonella spp were absent in healthy animals. Most prevalent bacteria in diseased animal were Staphylococcus spp and Streptococcus spp found in 33% and 27.3% of the cases respectively. In non-diseased cases, the highest number of samples was positive for Bacteroied spp (13.2%) followed by Streptococcus spp (10.4%). On average, the highest number of bacterial population was isolated from diseased samples and most of those bacteria are pathogenic. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v28i1.11804 Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 28, Number 1, June 2011, pp 19-23
Antibacterial activity of shrimp chitosan against some local food spoilage bacteria and food borne pathogens
Authors: Morhsed M A , Bashir AA , Khan M H K , Alam M K 
Published: September 2012

The objective of this study was to determine the more efficient antibacterial activity of chitosan among irradiated and nonirradiated form. Chitin was isolated from shrimp and then converted into chitosan. The initial molecular weight of chitosan was 1.6 X 106 Da and after step by step pretreatments using alkali, acid and H2O2, the final molecular weight was found to be reduced to 2.7 X 104 Da and the degree of deacetylation (DD) was 70%. Chemical treatments deproteinated and decalcified the chitin. Chitosan, the deacetylated form of chitin, was dissolved in lactic acid and then irradiated to perform antimicrobial activity. To conduct the experiment, seven different strains of bacteria were isolated from spoiled orange and it was found that chitosan was more effective to inhibit the growth of these bacteria. The more efficient result was found with irradiated chitosan than the non-irradiated one and the efficiency was consistently along with the increasing of the radiation dose. The best antimicrobial activity was observed with 32 kGy. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v28i1.11809 Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 28, Number 1, June 2011, pp 45-47
Effect of Rhizobium on Growth and Biomass Production of Rice
Authors: Solaiman ARM , Hossain GMA , Mia MAB 
Published: September 2012

To characterize twenty Rhizobium strains isolated from nodules of lentil, grasspea and chickpea, an experiment was conducted in the Soil Microbiology laboratory of the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh. The isolates were tested for growth on Congo red Yeast Extract Mannitol (YEM) agar, peptone glucose agar, and YEM agar containing Bromothymol blue (BTB). All the strains except Ls 12 absorbed Congo red dye very weekly. Except Le 2 strains, isolated from lentil showed no growth in peptone glucose agar. All the strains isolated from grasspea and chickpea showed moderate growth on this medium. All the strains were fast-growing and showed acidic reaction on YEM agar medium. Among the strains isolated from lentil, Le 1, Le 2 and Le 4 produced moderate turbidity while Le 3, Le 6, Le 7 and Le 8 produced high turbidity in YEM broth. All the strains isolated from grasspea except Ls 3 and chickpea except Ca 1 produced moderate turbidity in YEM broth medium. Strains Ls 3 and Ca 1 produced high turbidity. To assess the effect of ten of these Rhizobium isolates viz. Le 1, Le 4, Le 6, Le 8, Ls 1, Ls 2, Ls 6, Ls 7, Ca 3 and Ca 4 on growth and biomass production of rice, a follow-up experiment was conducted in the same laboratory. Root length of rice was significantly increased over control (without inoculation) due to inoculation with different Rhizobium strains. The highest root length (9.63 cm) was obtained by inoculation with strain Ls 6 isolated from lentil. All the Rhizobium strains produced significantly higher shoot length, fresh and dry biomass over control. The highest shoot length (16.50 cm), fresh biomass (138.3 mg) and dry biomass (27.75 mg) were also obtained from the strain Ls 6. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v28i2.11818 Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 28, Number 2, December 2011, pp 64-68
Virulence Factors and Molecular cloning of Outer Membrane Protein (OMP) gene from virulent Aeromonas hyrophila isolated from infected gold fish Carassius auratus
Authors: Viji V Thanga , Babu M Michael , Velmurugan S , Kumaran T , Anand S B , Gunasekaran P , Citarasu T 
Published: September 2012

Aeromonas hyrophila strains AHV1, AHV2 and AH3 were isolated and identified from Muscle tissue, intestine, body fluid and gills of infected gold fish Carassius auratus. In order to study their virulence, LD50 tests against normal gold fish, proteolytic, haemolytic and challenge studies were performed. The virulence studies revealed that, both AHV1 and AHV2 strains are highly positive for proteolytic and haemolytic properties. The LD50 data showed that, the fish C. auratus are highly susceptible to A. hyrophila strains AHV1 and AHV2 at cent percent lethal rate. The survival of C. auratus significantly (P<0.05) decreased when challenged with virulent strains of A. hydrophila AHV1 and AHV2. The outer membrane protein (OMP-TS) gene was successfully amplified generating an the amplicon size of 1008 bp. The amplified product from the genomic DNA of AHV1 strain was cloned in to pTZ57R/T vector, transformed into DH5? cells and sequenced. The sequenced clone is resembling to various A. hydrophila isolates and submitted to NCBI GenBank database (accession no:HQ331525). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v28i2.11819 Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 28, Number 2, December 2011, pp 70-75
Pre-Existing Mutations in the Rilpivirine Phase Iii Trials Echo and Thrive: Prevalence and Impact on Virological Response
Authors: Vingerhoets Johan , Rimsky Laurence , Van Eygen Veerle , Nijs Steven , Vanveggel Simon , Boven Katia , Picchio Gaston 
Published: September 2012

Background Rilpivirine (RPV), a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), was approved for HIV-1 infected, antiretroviral treatment-naive adults based on data from two Phase III trials. In the screening population, the prevalence of 49 NNRTI resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) and the impact of allowed NNRTI RAMs on virological response to an RPV- or efavirenz (EFV)-containing regimen were analysed. Methods ECHO and THRIVE were global, Phase III, double-blind, double-dummy, randomized trials in antiretroviral treatment-naive, HIV-1-infected adults to determine whether RPV 25 mg once daily had non-inferior efficacy versus EFV 600 mg once daily, both given with tenofovir/ emtricitabine (ECHO) or tenofovir/emtricitabine, zidovudine/lamivudine or abacavir/lamivudine (THRIVE). The prevalence of 49 NNRTI RAMs, including the predefined list of 39 NNRTI RAMs used to exclude patients with potential resistance to RPV or EFV, was investigated at screening by population sequencing (including mixtures) using the virco®TYPE HIV-1 genotyping assay. Results Of the 1,796 screened patients in whom genotypic resistance results were available, 372 (21%) had NNRTI RAMs. Of 527 screening failures, 148 (28%) were due to the presence of NNRTI RAMs. The presence of allowed NNRTI RAMs was associated with comparable response rates to the overall population (RPV 84.3% versus EFV 82.3%, intent-to-treat time-to-loss-of-virological-response): V90I (82.4% and 100% for RPV and EFV, respectively), V106I (85.7% and 93.3%), V179I (87.7% and 94.0%) and V189I (100.0% and 88.9%). Conclusions Analysis of the ECHO and THRIVE screened population suggests that transmitted NNRTI resistance is prevalent in treatment-naive patients but prevalence of the 15 RPV RAMs remains low. The four allowed NNRTI RAMs present at baseline did not affect RPV response at week 48. Virus Drug Resistance and Curative Strategies (Los Cabos, Mexico, 7–11 June 2011, abstract 41).
Importance of ‘Return-to-Learn’ in Pediatric and Adolescent Concussion
Authors: Master Christina L. , Gioia Gerard A. , Leddy John J. , Grady Matthew F. 
Published: September 2012

CME Educational Objectives

1.
Prescribe physical and cognitive rest for pediatric and adolescent concussion.

2.
Implement a gradual “return-to-learn” plan for student-athletes after concussion.

3.
Communicate specific school-based accommodations to facilitate a gradual reintegration to full school activities.

The concept of “return-to-play” after concussion is familiar to pediatricians who routinely care for injured student-athletes. Premature return-to-play of a student-athlete who is still injured from a concussion may result in more severe and potentially long-lasting deficits.
1
Treatment of Lower-extremity Long-bone Fractures in Active, Nonambulatory, Wheelchair-bound Patients
Authors: Sugi Michelle T. , Davidovitch Roy , Montero Nicole , Nobel Tamar , Egol Kenneth A. 
Published: September 2012

A retrospective review of surgically treated lower-extremity long-bone fractures in wheelchair-bound patients was conducted. Between October 2000 and July 2009, eleven lower-extremity fractures in 9 wheelchair-bound patients underwent surgical fixation. The Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment, Short Form, and Spinal Cord Injury Quality of Life questionnaires were used to assess functional outcome.
Mechanism of injury for all patients was a low-energy fall that occurred while transferring. Four patients who sustained a distal femur fracture, 1 patient who sustained a distal femur fracture and a subsequent proximal tibia fracture, and 1 patient who sustained a proximal third tibia shaft fracture underwent open reduction and internal fixation with plates and screws. Three patients with 4 midshaft tibia fractures underwent intramedullary nailing.

At last follow-up, all 9 patients had returned to their baseline preoperative function. Quality of life was significantly higher (
P
<.01) than the Spinal Cord Injury Quality of Life questionnaire’s reference score. Self-reported visual analog scale pain scores improved significantly from time of fracture to last follow-up (
P
=.02). All fractures achieved complete union, and no complications were reported. This study’s findings demonstrate that operative treatment in active, wheelchair-bound patients can provide an improved quality of life postinjury and a rapid return to activities.
Reverse Optic Capture of the Single-Piece Acrylic Intraocular Lens in Eyes With Posterior Capsule Rupture
Authors: Jones Jason J. , Oetting Thomas A. , Rogers Gina M. , Jin George J. C. 
Published: September 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the clinical results of reverse optic capture (ROC) with single-piece posterior chamber intraocular lenses (PC-IOLs) in cases of phacoemulsification cataract and IOL surgery with posterior capsular rupture.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Preoperative diagnosis, intraoperative events, surgical parameters, intraoperative and postoperative complications, and preoperative and postoperative visual acuity and refraction of 16 eyes that underwent ROC were reviewed and analyzed. The fellow eye of 12 patients undergoing uneventful phacoemulsification without optic capture served as the control group.

RESULTS:
Over a mean of 19 months’ follow-up, 94% of eyes in the ROC group and 92% in the control group achieved a best-corrected visual acuity of 20/25 or better. Ninety-four percent of eyes in the ROC group and 100% in the control group had postoperative spherical equivalent ± 1.00 D of the intended refraction. Refraction was stable between 1 month and final follow-up in both groups. In all eyes with ROC, the IOL remained well centered with a securely captured optic. There were no vision-threatening complications throughout the follow-up.

CONCLUSION:
The comparable outcomes in both groups suggests that optic capture of a single-piece acrylic IOL through an anterior capsulorhexis merits consideration for IOL placement in selected cases of insufficient posterior capsule support.
Attitude of 100 Saudi Female Doctors towards their Health
Authors: Khateeb M. , Khayat S. , Radhwi O. , Sindi M. , Abduljabbar H. 
Published: September 2012

Objective To assess the overall health status, lifestyle behavior, and attitude towards menopause, hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) and human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccination among female Saudi doctors. Materials and methods This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted over a period of 2 months (November and December 2011). The study population was comprised of Saudi female physicians that are actively working. Ethics approval was obtained prior to conducting the study. A structured self-administered questionnaire was answered by the subjects. Inclusion criteria were any female physician who was willing to participate and was actively practicing at time of the study. Results One hundred responses were received. Forty-six subjects were <30 years and 31 subjects were >40 years of age. Obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI) of >25 and morbid obesity as a BMI >30. Eight subjects had a normal BMI, 27 subjects were overweight, and 16 were morbidly obese. Six subjects were smokers and 13 had chronic illnesses such as diabetes. Only five of the subjects performed regular breast self-examination, and 40 subjects have a breast examination done by a physician. Pap smear was done at least once on only 17% of the subjects. Forty-eight subjects were willing to prescribe HRT to their patients. Sixty-five subjects were willing to administer the HPV vaccination to patients. Conclusion The overall health status, lifestyle, and attitude of Saudi female physicians towards their own health is suboptimal. This study shows that even physicians need to improve their lifestyle behavior and attitude towards their own health.
Umbilical Cord Entanglement: Diagnostic and Clinical Repercussions
Authors: Raga Francisco , Osborne Newton G , Machado Luiz E , Bonilla Francisco , Bonilla-Musoles Fernando , Castillo Juan Carlos , Martínez-Aspas Ana 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT
The use of three-dimensional (3D) ultrasonography since the first trimester of pregnancy allows the diagnosis and follow-up of cord entanglement throughout the entire pregnancy and delivery.
This technology permits a more accurate diagnosis when compared with two-dimensional (2D) ultrasonography or Doppler
The vast majority of cord entanglements observed at the end of the first-trimester will persist during the entire pregnancy; delivery outcome is usually not affected by this finding except for cases in which multiple cord entanglement is diagnosed.

How to cite this article
Martínez-Aspas A, Raga F, Machado LE, Bonilla F Jr, Castillo JC, Osborne NG, Bonilla-Musoles F. Umbilical Cord Entanglement: Diagnostic and Clinical Repercussions. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2012;6(3):225-232.
Applications of Ultrasound in Prelabor and Labor
Authors: Iliescu Dominic , Antsaklis Aris , Paulescu Daniela , Comanescu Alexandru , Tudorache Stefania , Ceausu Iuliana , Novac Liliana , Cernea Nicolae 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT
Ultrasound is a crucial part of everyday obstetrical practice and becomes more and more important in the management of traditionally clinical aspects of obstetrics, such as management of labor and delivery, offering a possibly more objective method of examination. The rate of labor induction has doubled in the last two decades and more objective methods are needed to assess the possible outcome of an induction and help clinicians in order to counsel women appropriately. Regarding the management of labor there is extensive evidence that clinical assessment during labor is not accurate, with potential consecutive major implications in the decision-making and the prognosis of the delivery mode. Several studies have shown that ultrasound is an objective method of assessing labor and its progress and is very helpful in decision-making for instrumental deliveries. The purpose of this article is to review the evidence available in literature regarding the benefits and the role in general of ultrasonography in prelabor and labor.

How to cite this article
Iliescu D, Antsaklis P, Paulescu D, Comanescu A, Tudorache S, Antsaklis A, Ceausu I, Novac L, Cernea N, Kurjak A. Applications of Ultrasound in Prelabor and Labor. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2012;6(3):257-269.