bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The status and decadal change of glaciers in Bhutan from the 1980s to 2010 based on satellite data
Authors: Bajracharya Samjwal Ratna , Maharjan Sudan Bikash , Shrestha Finu 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn order to monitor changes in the glaciers in the Bhutan Himalaya, a repeat decadal glacier inventory was carried out from Landsat images of 1977/78 (~1980), 1990, 2000 and 2010. The base map of glaciers was obtained by the object-based image classification method using the multispectral Landsat images of 2010. This method is used separately to delineate clean-ice and debris-covered glaciers with some manual editing. Glacier polygons of 2000,1990 and ~1980 were obtained by manual editing on 2010 by separately overlaying respective years. The 2010 inventory shows 885 glaciers with a total area of ~642 ± 16.1 km2. The glacier area is 1.6% of the total land cover in Bhutan. The result of a repeat inventory shows 23.3 ± 0.9% glacial area loss between ~1980 and 2010, with the highest loss (11.6 ±1.2%) between ~1980 and 1990 and the lowest (6.7 ±0.1%) between 2000 and 2010. The trend of glacier area change from the 1980s to 2010 is -6.4 ± 1.6%. Loss of glacier area was mostly observed below 5600 m a.s.l. and was greater for clean-ice glaciers. The equilibrium-line altitude has shifted upward from 5170 ± 110 m a.s.l. to 5350 ± 150 m a.s.l. in the years ~1980-2010.
Thermal diffusivity of thermokarst lake ice in the Beiluhe basin of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Shi Liqiong , Li Zhijun , Niu Fujun , Huang Wenfeng , Lu Peng , Feng Enmin , Han Hongwei 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe ice cover on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau plays an important role in the environmental and ecological systems. We analyze the in situ measurements of ice growth and examine the thermal diffusivity of thermokarst lake ice in the Beiluhe basin. We evaluate numerically the change of thermal diffusivity of thermokarst lake ice with changing ice temperature using an optimal control model. In a higher ice temperature regime (–3 to 0°C), the thermal diffusivity of thermokarst lake ice decreases exponentially with increasing ice temperature, and approaches the thermal diffusivity value of fresh water near the freezing-point temperature. In a lower ice temperature regime (–15 to –3°C), the thermal diffusivity increases slowly with decreasing ice temperature.
Using the Abbacus Texts as Sources for Numismatic and Monetary History: Problems and Prospects
Authors: Van Egmond Warren 
Published: February 2014

The Trattati d’abbaco of the Italian Renaissance and their analogs in the other countries of Europe provide a rich and heretofore untapped source for the study of numismatics and the monetary history of Europe. Their value lies less in their lists of coins, which are relatively few in number, than in the many mathematical problems they contain that show how to calculate prices and exchange rates for all the currencies and coins in use at the time they were written. These not only illustrate how merchants and bankers managed their daily tasks, but provide names and current values for specific coins and monies as well as the rates of exchange that were in use during a particular period of time. However, making full use of all the information that can be found in these valuable sources presents numerous problems of acquisition and analysis. The most important of these are : The large number of manuscripts and their relatively disorganized state. Although most of the existing manuscripts and printed texts have been identified and catalogued, most remain
unstudied and unpublished. Since the great majority of such texts are hand-written, reading through them to identify the essential information is often a difficult and time-consuming task. The rhetorical nature of the presentations of the problems and their solutions, which presents all calculations in words. This makes it difficult to pull out the basic information on coins, currencies, and their relative values. The fact that most of the manuscripts are undated, together withthe general difficulty of ascertaining the specific period for which the stated values were valid. Only a careful, detailed, and extensive study of the abacus texts, both printed and manuscript, will allow us to extract their full value. However, given the rich source of information they can provide, it should be well worth the effort.
Censoring Weighted Separate-and-Conquer Rule Induction from Survival Data
Authors: Sikora M. , Wróbel Ł. 
Published: February 2014

SummaryObjectives: Rule induction is one of the major methods of machine learning. Rule-based models can be easily read and interpreted by humans, that makes them particularly useful in survival studies as they can help clinicians to better understand analysed data and make informed decisions about patient treatment. Although of such usefulness, there is still a little research on rule learning in survival analysis. In this paper we take a step towards rule-based analysis of survival data.Methods: We investigate so-called covering or separate-and-conquer method of rule induction in combination with a weighting scheme for handling censored observations. We also focus on rule quality measures being one of the key elements differentiating particular implementations of separate-and-conquer rule induction algorithms. We examine 15 rule quality measures guiding rule induction process and reflecting a wide range of different rule learning heuristics.Results: The algorithm is extensively tested on a collection of 20 real survival datasets and compared with the state-of-the-art survival trees and random survival forests algorithms. Most of the rule quality measures outperform Kaplan-Meier estimate and perform at least equally well as tree-based algorithms.Conclusions: Separate-and-conquer rule induction in combination with weighting scheme is an effective technique for building rule-based models of survival data which, according to predictive accuracy, are competitive with tree-based representations.
A Decision Support System for the Treatment of Patients with Ventricular Assist Device Support
Authors: Karvounis E. C. , Tsipouras M. G. , Tzallas A. T. , Katertsidis N. S. , Stefanou K. , Goletsis Y. , Frigerio M. , Verde A. , Caruso R. , Meyns B. , Terrovitis J. , Trivella M. G. , Fotiadis D. I. 
Published: February 2014

SummaryBackground: Heart failure (HF) is affecting millions of people every year and it is characterized by impaired ventricular performance, exercise intolerance and shortened life expectancy. Despite significant advancements in drug therapy, mortality of the disease remains excessively high, as heart transplant remains the gold standard treatment for end-stage HF when no contraindications subsist. Traditionally, implanted Ventricular Assist Devices (VADs) have been employed in order to provide circulatory support to patients who cannot survive the waiting time to transplantation, reducing the workload imposed on the heart. In many cases that process could recover its contractility performance.Objectives: The SensorART platform focuses on the management and remote treatment of patients suffering from HF. It provides an inter-operable, extendable and VAD-independent solution, which incorporates various hardware and software components in a holistic approach, in order to improve the quality of the patients’ treatment and the workflow of the specialists. This paper focuses on the description and analysis of Specialist’s Decision Support System (SDSS), an innovative component of the SensorART platform.Methods: The SDSS is a Web-based tool that assists specialists on designing the therapy plan for their patients before and after VAD implantation, analyzing patients’ data, extracting new knowledge, and making informative decisions.Results: SDSS offers support to medical and VAD experts through the different phases of VAD therapy, incorporating several tools covering all related fields; Statistics, Association Rules, Monitoring, Treatment, Weaning, Speed and Suction Detection.Conclusions: SDSS and its modules have been tested in a number of patients and the results are encouraging.
Protective CD4 T Cells Targeting Cryptic Epitopes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Resist Infection-Driven Terminal Differentiation
Authors: Woodworth Joshua S. , Aagaard Claus Sindbjerg , Hansen Paul R. , Cassidy Joseph P. , Agger Else Marie , Andersen Peter 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
CD4 T cells are crucial to the control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and are a key component of current vaccine strategies. Conversely, immune-mediated pathology drives disease, and recent evidence suggests that adaptive and innate responses are evolutionarily beneficial to M. tuberculosis. We compare the functionality of CD4 T cell responses mounted against dominant and cryptic epitopes of the M. tuberculosis 6-kDa early secreted Ag (ESAT-6) before and postinfection. Protective T cells against cryptic epitopes not targeted during natural infection were induced by vaccinating mice with a truncated ESAT-6 protein, lacking the dominant epitope. The ability to generate T cells that recognize multiple cryptic epitopes was MHC-haplotype dependent, including increased potential via heterologous MHC class II dimers. Before infection, cryptic epitope–specific T cells displayed enhanced proliferative capacity and delayed cytokine kinetics. After aerosol M. tuberculosis challenge, vaccine-elicited CD4 T cells expanded and recruited to the lung. In chronic infection, dominant epitope–specific T cells developed a terminal differentiated KLRG1+/PD-1lo surface phenotype that was significantly reduced in the cryptic epitope–specific T cell populations. Dominant epitope-specific T cells in vaccinated animals developed into IFN-γ– and IFN-γ,TNF-α–coproducing effector cells, characteristic of the endogenous response. In contrast, cryptic epitope–specific CD4 T cells maintained significantly greater IFN-γ+TNF-α+IL-2+ and TNF-α+IL-2+ memory-associated polyfunctionality and enhanced proliferative capacity. Vaccine-associated IL-17A production by cryptic CD4 T cells was also enhanced, but without increased neutrophilia/pathology. Direct comparison of dominant/cryptic epitope–specific CD4 T cells within covaccinated mice confirmed the superior ability of protective cryptic epitope–specific T cells to resist M. tuberculosis infection–driven T cell differentiation.
Identification of Two Forms of TNF Tolerance in Human Monocytes: Differential Inhibition of NF-κB/AP-1– and PP1-Associated Signaling
Authors: Günther Johannes , Vogt Nico , Hampel Katharina , Bikker Rolf , Page Sharon , Müller Benjamin , Kandemir Judith , Kracht Michael , Dittrich-Breiholz Oliver , Huber René , Brand Korbinian 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The molecular basis of TNF tolerance is poorly understood. In human monocytes we detected two forms of TNF refractoriness, as follows: absolute tolerance was selective, dose dependently affecting a small group of powerful effector molecules; induction tolerance represented a more general phenomenon. Preincubation with a high TNF dose induces both absolute and induction tolerance, whereas low-dose preincubation predominantly mediates absolute tolerance. In cells preincubated with the high TNF dose, we observed blockade of IκBα phosphorylation/proteolysis and nuclear p65 translocation. More prominent in cells preincubated with the high dose, reduced basal IκBα levels were found, accompanied by increased IκBα degradation, suggesting an increased IκBα turnover. In addition, a nuclear elevation of p50 was detected in tolerant cells, which was more visible following high-dose preincubation. TNF-induced phosphorylation of p65-Ser536, p38, and c-jun was inhibited, and basal inhibitory p65-Ser468 phosphorylation was increased in tolerant cells. TNF tolerance induced by the low preincubation dose is mediated by glycogen synthesis kinase-3, whereas high-dose preincubation-mediated tolerance is regulated by A20/glycogen synthesis kinase-3 and protein phosphatase 1–dependent mechanisms. To our knowledge, we present the first genome-wide analysis of TNF tolerance in monocytic cells, which differentially inhibits NF-κB/AP-1–associated signaling and shifts the kinase/phosphatase balance. These forms of refractoriness may provide a cellular paradigm for resolution of inflammation and may be involved in immune paralysis.
Xenophobia and Racism
Authors: Sundstrom Ronald R. , Kim David Haekwon 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Xenophobia is conceptually distinct from racism. Xenophobia is also distinct from nativism. Furthermore, theories of racism are largely ensconced in nationalized narratives of racism, which are often influenced by the black-white binary, which obscures xenophobia and shelters it from normative critiques; so, philosophical accounts of racism, rather than merely subsuming racism, end up neglecting this historically important category of exclusion and oppression. This paper addresses these claims, arguing for the first and last, and outlining the second. Just as philosophers have recently analyzed the concept of racism, clarifying it and pinpointing why it's immoral and the extent of its moral harm, so we will analyze xenophobia and offer a pluralist account of xenophobia, with important implications for racism. This analysis is guided by the discussion of racism in recent moral philosophy, social ontology, and research in the psychology of racism and implicit attitudes.
Xenoracism and Double Whiteness
Authors: Lee Kyoo 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
What unites Arizona's current xenophobic, border cultural politics and the exemplary life of Benjamin Franklin, “True-blue English/First American”? What transhistorical resonances and parallels are there in those states of affairs? Casting a double look at “the inside looking out” and “the outside looking in,” Anglo Americana vis-à-vis (Post-)Pax Britannica and vice versa, this piece (re)turns to the postcolonial identity disorder endured then by our dear Ben, a ghostly transitory figure here, as a way to initiate a critical philosophical discourse on transatlantic Anglocentrism and its psycho-geopolitical legacy of xeno-thinking in the cultural and historical imaginary of the United States, where a psycho-geopolitical reaction-formation of WAS (White Anglo-Saxon) self-identities has been the operative norm, a particular form and force of ethnonationalizing racial discourse in the United States, namely, “xenoracism”: the amalgamated categorical interactions of xenophobia and racism, a porous sub(terranean)genre rather than sealed subset of xenophobia or racism, where the foreign is racialized and particular “aliens” become further alienized at once with catalytic, categorical reciprocity. Presented as a preamble to a fuller conceptualization of U.S. xenoracism, this exposition spotlights the post/colonial complexity, including irony, of that “special” gray/grey tie between the two bound and “divided” by shared Anglophonocentrism, “Comyn Englysshe,” this wounded attachment.
Five Important Advances in Hematopathology
Authors: Shi Min , Xiao Ruobing , Woda Bruce A. , Yu Hongbo 
Published: February 2014

Context.—Hematopathology is a dynamic field that has always been on the frontier of clinical research within the scope of pathology. Several recent developments in hematopathology will likely affect its practice clinically.Objective.—To review 5 important recent advances in hematopathology: (1) detection and prognostic implication of MYC in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas, (2) determining origin and prognosis through immunoglobulin gene usage in mature B-cell neoplasms, (3)detecting minimal residual disease in multiple myeloma, (4) using genome-wide analysis in myelodysplastic syndromes, and (5) employing whole-genome sequencing in acute myeloid leukemias.Data Sources.—Literature review and the authors' experiences in an academic center.Conclusions.—These advances will bring hematopathology into a new molecular era and help us to better understand the molecular, pathologic mechanisms of lymphomas, leukemias, myelomas, and myelodysplastic syndromes. They will help us to identify diagnostic and prognostic markers and eventually provide new therapeutic targets and treatments for these diseases.
MYB Gene Abnormalities t(6;9) in Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization
Authors: Hudson Jena B. , Collins Brian T. 
Published: February 2014

Context.—Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy of salivary gland neoplasms can have a variety of overlapping appearances. Basaloid neoplasms can be a diagnostic challenge, and FNA cytomorphology alone cannot always provide a definitive diagnosis.
Objective.—To examine the incidence and potential utility of detecting a MYB translocation by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in adenoid cystic carcinomas (AdCCs) and pleomorphic adenoma FNA smears with known surgical outcomes.
Design.—Patients who underwent FNA biopsy for surgically confirmed AdCCs and pleomorphic adenomas were identified. Fluorescence in situ hybridization, using commercially available fluorescent-labeled probes, hybridizing to MYB-telomeric and MYB-centromeric, was used to identify the MYB gene and to evaluate it for abnormalities and translocation. Using a fluorescent microscope, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI)-stained, nonoverlapping cells were counted, and 10% or greater abnormal cells were considered positive.
Results.—The 10 AdCC and 13 pleomorphic adenoma FNA cases had FISH evaluations performed; 50% (5 of 10) of the AdCC cases showed a MYB abnormality by FISH; 40% (4 of 10) AdCCs showed a positive break-apart signal in most cells (48%–84%). One case (10%) of AdCC showed a trisomy MYB signal pattern without the break-apart translocation pattern. Of the 13 pleomorphic adenomas, none (0%) of the cases showed a MYB translocation or abnormality by FISH. MYB FISH abnormalities showed a 100% positive predictive value, 50% sensitivity, and 100% specificity, when differentiating AdCC from pleomorphic adenoma.
Conclusions.— MYB gene abnormalities were present in 50% (5 of 10) of the AdCC cases. This corresponds to the reported prevalence in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue for AdCC surgical resections. Using FISH testing for detecting MYB gene abnormalities in the salivary gland of FNA biopsies has the potential to provide additional, helpful ancillary information in diagnosing AdCC.
Dangereusement drones : l’« Af-Pak » comme architecture d’un régime gouvernemental optique biopolitique
Authors: Grondin David , Munger1 Sylvain 
Published: February 2014

Ce texte s’efforce de montrer que la stratégie de contre-terrorisme poursuivie par l’administration Obama a amplifié et normalisé la pratique contestée de mener des frappes militaires ciblées qu’avait adoptée l’administration précédente à l’aide de drones de combat pour éradiquer des sujets associés au réseau terroriste Al-Qaïda. En évoquant le continuum du régime précédent quant à la doctrine de « frappe préemptive » de l’administration Bush, nous avançons que la guerre des drones est bien en selle avec Barack Obama à ses commandes pour lutter contre le terrorisme. Dans un premier temps, nous retraçons les racines de l’utilisation des drones dans la stratégie militaire américaine, en illustrant comment les assassinats ciblés accompagnant l’avènement des drones s’insèrent dans la transformation du régime gouvernemental de sécurité nationale américain entamé dans le sillage de l’après-11 septembre et axé sur la frappe préemptive. Nous soutenons que l’instauration de ce régime basé sur la vision du chasseur technologique qu’est le drone nous permettra de mettre en relief comment, à travers une domination verticale, s’établit un régime optique capable de discipliner à distance les populations fonctionnant de concert avec la nouvelle stratégie de contre-insurrection. Dans un deuxième temps, nous passons en revue l’application de cette nouvelle tactique secrète de contre-terrorisme dans la zone géopolitique connue comme l’« Af-Pak » pour combattre les forces terroristes (insurgés talibans ou cadres d’Al-Qaïda). C’est devant le constat que l’utilisation des drones chasseurs/tueurs s’est généralisée en Af-Pak que nous interrogeons la dimension nécropolitique de cette stratégie militaire d’assassinats ciblés qui mise sur un régime gouvernemental optique biopolitique.
Voice Disorder Prevalence and Vocal Health Characteristics in Adolescents
Authors: Fujiki Robert Brinton , Thibeault Susan L. 
Published: July 2024

ImportanceVoice disorders impede communication and detract from quality of life, yet little is known about how voice problems present in adolescents. This study characterized the prevalence of voice problems and vocal health characteristics of adolescents throughout the US.ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of adolescent voice problems in the US as well as the symptoms, voice use patterns, and risk factors associated with these problems.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis prospectively performed, cross-sectional survey study conducted from March to June 2023 included a probability sample of adolescents (aged 13-17 years) who were located across the US.Main Outcome and MeasuresAdolescents were surveyed concerning voice use, voice symptoms, demographic information, and substance use patterns. The Vocal Fatigue Index (VFI) was also completed. Fisher exact tests, χ2 tests, and logistic regression were used to compare those with and without reported voice problems.ResultsFive-hundred and two adolescents participated (51.6% participation rate), including 248 female (49.4%), 7 nonbinary (1.3%), 254 male (50.6%), 4 transfemale (0.7%), and 3 transmale individuals (0.5%) (mean [SD] age, 15.2 [1.3] years). The lifetime prevalence of voice problems was 24.3%, and current prevalence was 7.4%. Voice-related diagnoses included dysphonia associated with acute illness, vocal hyperfunction, benign lesions, and muscle tension. The mean (SD) VFI score was 4.7 (8.09) for part 1, 1.6 (3.2) for part 2, and 2.1 (3.2) for part 3. Adolescents with voice complaints presented with significantly higher VFI scores than those without voice problems (Cohen d for part 1 = 0.78, part 2 = 0.59, and part 3 = 0.79). Voice problems interfered with daily tasks, prevented participation in extracurricular activities, limited the ability to sing, and were associated with school absences. Voice use patterns associated with voice problems included frequent loud voice use, coughing, and/or throat clearing. Risk factors for increased voice problem prevalence included part-time employment in childcare (odds ratio [OR], 6.4; 95% CI, 1.6-26.3), singing (OR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.3-3.1), performance-related extracurricular activities (ie, musical theater [OR, 2.67; 95% CI, 1.1-6.6 ], karaoke [OR, 3.08; 95% CI, 1.3-6.9]), vaping (OR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.1-3.5), and/or secondhand smoke exposure (OR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.2-2.7). Adolescents identifying as transgender were more than 4 times (OR, 4.44; 95% CI, 0.63-31.2) as likely to report voice problems compared with cisgender adolescents.ConclusionsThe results of this survey study illuminate the nature of voice problems in adolescents and may guide clinicians in preventing and treating voice disorders in this population. Future work may define the mechanisms through which these factors are associated with the risk for voice disorders in adolescents and determine whether observed relationships are causal or associative.