bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biochar addition enhanced growth of Dactylis glomerataL. and immobilized Zn and Cd but mobilized Cu and Pb on a former sewage field soil
Authors: Wagner A. , Kaupenjohann M. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryThe mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals in soils contaminated by irrigation with wastewater increase with increasing mineralization of accumulated organic substance and decreasing pH. In laboratory experiments addition of biochar reduced heavy metal availability to plants and enhanced plant growth. However, literature from field trials is scarce. Therefore, we conducted a 2‐year field experiment with orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata L.) to study the effects of miscanthus‐derived biochar applied to sewage field soil on biomass production and concentrations of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and various nutrients in plants and in the soil solution. Biochar was mixed into the contaminated topsoil (30 cm) with addition rates of 0, 1, 2.5 and 5% on a dry‐mass basis (g 100 g−1). The soil solution was collected with suction plates installed at a depth of 30 cm. Addition of biochar increased biomass production and reduced Zn and Cd concentrations in the soil solution. Zinc concentrations were also reduced in plants. This effect seems to be attributable to an increase in pH caused by biochar addition. In contrast, Pb and Cu concentrations in the soil solution generally increased and were related to the concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Copper concentrations also increased in the plants; however, only at the beginning of the measurement period. Our data indicate that increased concentrations of DOC, Cu and Pb in the soil solution might be a transient effect. Therefore, further research is needed to determine the long‐term effect of biochar amendment on element immobilization and leaching into groundwater.
Current status of the rice water weevil Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus in Italy: eleven‐year invasion
Authors: Lupi D. , Jucker C. , Rocco A. , Giudici M. L. , Boattin S. , Colombo M. 
Published: March 2015

The rice water weevil Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Brachycerinae) was detected in Northern Italy in 2004. As Italy is the major European rice producer, and the rice water weevil is considered to be one of the major pests of rice in the world, a multiyear study was carried out to determine the spread of the pest in Northern Italy, to evaluate its establishment potential and to improve the knowledge on its biology in this new habitat. The survey allowed the distribution of the insect in Italian rice areas to be evaluated and confirmed that L. oryzophilus behaves as a monovoltine parthenogenetic species in Northern Italy. Information about the phenology of the insect and its management are also provided.
First records of two mealybugs, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) and Phenacoccus peruvianus Granara de Willink, in Tunisia and the North of Africa
Authors: Halima‐Kamel M. Ben , Germain J. F. , Mdellel L. 
Published: March 2015

During the summer and autumn of 2014 the mealybugs Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green, 1908) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) and Phenacoccus peruvianus Granara de Willink, 2007 (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) were observed in different localities of Sousse (Tunisia). This is the first record for both of these species in Tunisia and in North Africa. For M. hirsutus, this was also the first record of the species in a Western Mediterranean country. It was observed on Hibiscus rosa‐sinensis (Malvacae). P. peruvianus was collected from Bougainvillea glabra (Nyctaginaceae) and Citharexylum quadrangularis (Verbenacae).
Cancer: an emergent property of disturbed resource‐rich environments? Ecology meets personalized medicine
Authors: Ducasse Hugo , Arnal Audrey , Vittecoq Marion , Daoust Simon P. , Ujvari Beata , Jacqueline Camille , Tissot Tazzio , Ewald Paul , Gatenby Robert A. , King Kayla C. , Bonhomme François , Brodeur Jacques , Renaud François , Solary Eric , Roche Benjamin , Thomas Frédéric 
Published: March 2015

AbstractFor an increasing number of biologists, cancer is viewed as a dynamic system governed by evolutionary and ecological principles. Throughout most of human history, cancer was an uncommon cause of death and it is generally accepted that common components of modern culture, including increased physiological stresses and caloric intake, favor cancer development. However, the precise mechanisms for this linkage are not well understood. Here, we examine the roles of ecological and physiological disturbances and resource availability on the emergence of cancer in multicellular organisms. We argue that proliferation of ‘profiteering phenotypes’ is often an emergent property of disturbed, resource‐rich environments at all scales of biological organization. We review the evidence for this phenomenon, explore it within the context of malignancy, and discuss how this ecological framework may offer a theoretical background for novel strategies of cancer prevention. This work provides a compelling argument that the traditional separation between medicine and evolutionary ecology remains a fundamental limitation that needs to be overcome if complex processes, such as oncogenesis, are to be completely understood.
Should China subsidize cofiring to meet its 2020 bioenergy target? A spatio‐techno‐economic analysis
Authors: Clare Abbie , Gou Ya‐Qing , Barnes Andrew , Shackley Simon , Smallman Thomas L. , Wang Wen , Jiang Dong , Li Jia 
Published: March 2015

AbstractChina has developed ambitious bioenergy installation targets as part of its broader goals to increase its renewable energy‐generating capacity and decarbonize its economy. A key target feedstock for bioenergy is the 800 million tonnes of agricultural residues that China produces each year. At present, the main financial incentive to support bioenergy generation from agricultural residues is a feed‐in‐tariff provided for bioenergy that is produced by units that take 80% or more of their feedstock energy from biomass. Although this policy has catalysed the construction of many bioenergy units, there are reports that these projects are experiencing serious financial and technical problems, leading to low operational efficiency and even closure. An alternative option for China's agricultural residues is cofiring with coal in existing power stations. However, this is currently unprofitable for power station operators, as cofiring is not eligible for financial assistance through the bioenergy feed‐in‐tariff. In the light of China's ambitious target to install 30GW of bioenergy generation capacity by 2020, this study investigates the extent to which extension of the bioenergy feed‐in‐tariff to include cofiring could contribute towards this goal. The results suggest that 39% of China's straw energy resources are located within 50 km of a power station. Assuming cofiring ratios of up to 10% coal energy replacement, an annual 89–117TWh of electricity could be generated by cofiring agricultural residues collected within 50 km radii of power stations. If China extends its bioenergy subsidies to include cofiring, an annual 62–92TWh can be produced at an internal rate of return of 8% or more. This equates to 42–62% of the bioenergy generation that China might expect if it met its 2020 target of installing 30GW of bioenergy capacity. Overall, this indicates a strong case for the Chinese government to extend its existing bioenergy feed‐in‐tariff to include cofiring at low energy replacement ratios.
CRITICAL OF SWISSNESS, OR CRITICALLY SWISS? RECENT AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL FICTIONS BY IRENA BREŽNÁ
Authors: Johnston Jonny 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTRecent literature from German‐speaking Switzerland is heavily inflected by twentieth‐century political and economic migrations. Making use of a Foucauldian analytic framework, this article considers two contemporary texts by the Swiss author Irena Brežná that fictionalise the writer's own experiences of migration and integration, and enable Brežná to be placed contextually within a specifically Swiss literary tradition. Key themes addressed include the author's critique of assimilationist societal pressures, a wider problematising of aspects of Swiss democratic traditions, and Brežná's resistance to performing an expected migrant identity in Switzerland.Die deutschsprachige Gegenwartsliteratur in der Schweiz ist stark von den Folgen politischer und wirtschaftlicher Migration im 20. Jahrhundert geprägt. Mithilfe einer Foucault'schen Linse werden in diesem Beitrag zwei Texte der Schweizer Autorin Irena Brežná untersucht, in denen die Erfahrung der Schriftstellerin mit Migration und Integration fiktionalisiert werden. Anhand dieser Texte wird auch Brežnás Position in der spezifischen literarischen Tradition der Schweiz erörtert. Dabei sind die Kritik der Autorin am Druck der Gesellschaft bezüglich der Assimilation, eine weitere Problematisierung von Aspekten Schweizer demokratischer Traditionen, und der Widerstand der Autorin gegen die Performanz einer ‘typischen’ Migrationsidentität Schlüsselthemen der Analyse.
A Mathematical View of Water Table Fluctuations in a Shallow Aquifer in Brazil
Authors: Neto Dagmar C. , Chang Hung K. , van Genuchten Martinus Th. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractDetailed monitoring of the groundwater table can provide important data about both short‐ and long‐term aquifer processes, including information useful for estimating recharge and facilitating groundwater modeling and remediation efforts. In this paper, we presents results of 4 years (2002 to 2005) of monitoring groundwater water levels in the Rio Claro Aquifer using observation wells drilled at the Rio Claro campus of São Paulo State University in Brazil. The data were used to follow natural periodic fluctuations in the water table, specifically those resulting from earth tides and seasonal recharge cycles. Statistical analyses included methods of time‐series analysis using Fourier analysis, cross‐correlation, and R/S analysis. Relationships could be established between rainfall and well recovery, as well as the persistence and degree of autocorrelation of the water table variations. We further used numerical solutions of the Richards equation to obtain estimates of the recharge rate and seasonable groundwater fluctuations. Seasonable soil moisture transit times through the vadose zone obtained with the numerical solution were very close to those obtained with the cross‐correlation analysis. We also employed a little‐used deep drainage boundary condition to obtain estimates of seasonable water table fluctuations, which were found to be consistent with observed transient groundwater levels during the period of study.
Remove or not, that is the question: A case report on carotid artery cannulation during indwelling venous hemodialysis catheter
Authors: Yen Cheng‐Chieh , Chiu Yi‐Wen , Chen Hung‐Chun 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA 58‐year‐old woman visited the emergency department for acute occlusion of arteriovenous fistula. One session of hemodialysis was scheduled via temporary venous hemodialysis catheter before thrombectomy. Unfortunately, neck arterial cannulation was discovered after complete placement of catheter. The catheter was removed immediately but bleeding could not be stopped. Pseudoaneurysm over the right carotid artery was proved by angiography and repaired by graft stent. Arterial cannulation during venous hemodialysis catheter insertion is a rare but serious complication and there is no standard response recommended. Immediate removal of the misplaced hemodialysis catheter might not be the best choice. We suggest to leave the misplaced catheter in artery until further intervention in consideration of complications and repair access. Every hemodialysis center should standardize responses to arterial cannulation during venous hemodialysis catheter indwelling, especially carotid puncture happens, according to the medical facility.
Inhibition of melanogenesis by β‐caryophyllene from lime mint essential oil in mouse B16 melanoma cells
Authors: Yang C.‐H. , Huang Y.‐C. , Tsai M.‐L. , Cheng C.‐Y. , Liu L.‐L. , Yen Y.‐W. , Chen W.‐L. 
Published: March 2015

SynopsisObjectiveVolatile essential oils of mint species are used for cosmetics and in skin care products. In this study, we evaluated the main chemical components of the lime mint and the anti‐melanogenic properties of its main components.MethodsThe essential oil was analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The anti‐melanogenic effects of mint essential oil and β‐caryophyllene were investigated in B16F10 murine melanoma cells.ResultsThe main components of lime mint essential oil were found to be D‐limonene (41.10%), D‐carvone (8.58%), δ‐selinene (6.73%) and β‐caryophyllene (6.24%). The lime mint essential oil reduced melanin production in a dose‐dependent manner in murine B16F10 cells. β‐Caryophyllene, one of the main compounds in lime mint essential oil, could reduce melanogenesis by down‐regulating the expression of MITF, TRP‐1, TRP‐2 and tyrosinase, resulting in a decrease in melanin content decrease.ConclusionThese results reveal that lime mint essential oil and β‐caryophyllene are considered to be valuable as potential skin‐whitening agents.
Integrated approach in the assessment of skin compatibility of cosmetic formulations with green coffee oil
Authors: Wagemaker T. A. L. , Rijo P. , Rodrigues L. M. , Maia Campos P. M. B. G. , Fernandes A. S. , Rosado C. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractObjectiveGreen coffee oil (GCO) has been used in cosmetic formulations due to its emollient and anti‐ageing properties. However, there are insufficient studies about its safety when applied in cosmetic formulations.MethodsCytotoxicity of GCO and of formulations containing 2.5–15% of GCO was evaluated by the MTT reduction assay, in human keratinocytes. Formulations containing 15% of GCO and the vehicle were applied under in use conditions in the volar forearm of human volunteers during 3 days. Transepidermal water loss, stratum corneum water content and erythema index were evaluated each 24 h using biophysical techniques. The same formulations were probed for skin tolerance through a patch test.ResultsNeither pure GCO nor its formulations showed cytotoxic effects in concentrations up to 100 μg mL−1. Transepidermal water loss values showed a slight reduction when the formulation containing GCO was applied. Stratum corneum water content and erythema index did not show significant differences, as the results observed in the first day of the study were maintained throughout 3 days. None of the volunteers display any reaction after using an occlusive patch.ConclusionThe results obtained in the study indicate that GCO seems to be safe for topical applications and showed good skin compatibility under the experimental conditions of the study.
How portable is social security for migrant workers? A review of the literature
Authors: Taha Nurulsyahirah , Siegmann Karin Astrid , Messkoub Mahmood 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis article reviews the recent literature on existing mechanisms that allow for the portability of social security entitlements for migrant workers and finds that North–North migrants have the best access to portability. There is limited coordination between origin and destination countries regarding the portability of social entitlements of South–North migrants. These migrants are dealing with discourses and policies that treat them as second class citizens, even as they are providing much‐needed labour to their host countries. South–South migrants are seeing new regional mechanisms addressing portability. However, many of the impacts of these mechanisms are not yet known. Other knowledge gaps on portability relate to internal and South–South migration, the role of gender and other social identities, migrants’ occupations as well as their legal immigration status.
Childcare and geographical mobility in southern Europe
Authors: MENDEZ Ildefonso 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis article investigates the association between the availability of childcare and low geographical mobility in southern Europe where, the author argues, couples that have or plan to have children live close to their parents in order to reconcile work and family life by taking advantage of their mothers' low labour force participation rate. He presents a behavioural model showing couples' fertility, female employment and mobility decisions, and tests the model's predictions using ECHP data. The deterrent effect of a woman working on the couple's mobility is found to be significant only for couples who have children and live in southern Europe.
Translating from multiple sources: Labour legislation reform in Turkey
Authors: Ozkan Umut Riza 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBuilding upon the recent scholarship on “travelling ideas” and “translation”, the author discusses how ILO and EU labour standards were conveyed to Turkey's political landscape by domestic actors and how those standards were adjusted. The study first analyses the motivations of the Commission that drafted the 2003 Labour Act, and of employer and labour organizations, for choosing to draw on those international standards during the legislative reform process. It then focuses on the institutional outcomes of the reform by examining how domestic actors modified the international standards, while also preserving components of the old labour legislation, as on severance pay.
Early Age Microstructural Transformations of an Inorganic Polymer Made of Fayalite Slag
Authors: Onisei Silviana , Lesage Karel , Blanpain Bart , Pontikes Yiannis 
Published: March 2015

Three types of binders were investigated by combining a water granulated fayalite slag and three different activating solutions (NaOH, SH; Na‐silicate, SS; and a 1:1 mixture of the two, SH + SS). A reactivity test proved that the slag dissolves in the alkaline environment, releasing both Si and Al. Through rheological measurements it was found that the most alkaline solution (SH) led to a very fast structure build‐up, followed by the activating solution SS+SH; when SS was used, the storage modulus did not increase even after 2 h. A similar trend was observed by calorimetry, where the paste with SH resulted in heat release within minutes, followed by SH + SS. These transformations were also followed by in situ ATR‐FTIR, indicating changes in the vibrational bands attributed to asymmetric stretching vibration of [SiO4] with 3 or 4 NBO/Si. In the case of the sample activated with SH, a new band appeared after 96 h and continued to increase in intensity at later times. For SS + SH activating solution, a new band appeared after 96 h, increasing over time, whereas the originally present band at 940 cm−1 became more distinct. For the sample with only SS, no vibrational changes were detected after 24 h. In conclusion, the fayalite slag is a reactive material that can undergo microstructural changes toward new reaction products, with the choice of the activating solution being a crucial factor in the process.
Raman and X‐ray Studies of Uranium–Lanthanum‐Mixed Oxides Before and After Air Oxidation
Authors: Talip Zeynep , Wiss Thierry , Raison Philippe E. , Paillier Jérôme , Manara Dario , Somers Joseph , Konings Rudy J.M. 
Published: March 2015

UO2 samples doped with 6, 11, 22 mol% lanthanum were examined before and after air oxidation. To verify the formation of uranium–lanthanum‐mixed oxide solid solutions, powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analyses of the crystalline phases in the materials were carried out. The presence of oxygen vacancies in the La‐doped UO2 samples was identified by Raman spectrometry. It was evidenced by changes induced in the Raman spectra by air oxidation. This latter was carried out either by increasing the Raman laser power or by thermally treating the samples at 500 K for 370 h. In addition, oxidation behavior differences of pure and La‐doped UO2 samples were reported by comparing XRD and Raman results of the samples before and after air oxidation. It was shown that the concentration of the M4O9 (M: U, La) phase increased with increasing content of La, whereas inhibition for the formation of M3O8 phase was observed.
Phase Evolution, Magnetic, Optical, and Dielectric Properties of Zr‐Substituted Bi0.9Gd0.1FeO3 Multiferroics
Authors: Sati Prakash Chandra , Kumar Manoj , Chhoker Sandeep 
Published: March 2015

Polycrystalline BiFeO3 (BFO) and Bi0.90Gd0.10Fe1−xZrxO3 (x = 0.0–0.10; BGFZx) ceramics were synthesized by solid‐state reaction method. Rietveld analysis of X‐ray diffraction patterns showed that BFO and BGFZx = 0.0 samples are stabilized in rhombohedral structure (space group R3c), whereas a small fraction of orthorhombic phase (space group Pn21a) is observed for BGFZx = 0.03–0.10 samples. Suppression and disappearance of some Raman modes indicated a structural phase transition with addition of Zr dopant at Fe site. Magnetic measurements exhibited weak ferromagnetic behavior of BGFZx samples with increasing Zr+4 concentrations. The insertion of Gd+3 ions at Bi+3 sites and nonmagnetic Zr+4 ions at Fe+3 sites in Fe–O–Fe network suppressed the spin cycloid structure of BFO which in turn enhanced the magnetization of these ceramics. Electron spin resonance spectra revealed the breaking of spin cycloid of BFO due to the development of free spins with addition of Zr+4 dopants at Fe sites. UV–Visible diffuse reflectance spectra showed one d–d crystal field transition and two charge‐transfer (C–T) transitions along with a sharp absorption of light in visible region for all samples. Almost frequency‐independent dielectric constant and dielectric loss along with very low values of dielectric loss indicated greatly improved dielectric properties for BGFZx = 0.03–0.10 samples.
Adult Siblings Consider the Future: Emergent Themes
Authors: Davys Deborah , Mitchell Duncan , Haigh Carol 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundThis study aimed to explore the perceptions of adult siblings regarding a future care role and compare with perceived parental wishes as family often provide a key support role in the lives of people who have an intellectual disability.Materials and MethodSemi‐structured interviews were undertaken with 15 adult siblings and an approach aligned to IPA was used to analyse the results.ResultsEmergent themes demonstrated that intellectual disability has an impact upon sibling lives yet the degree and range of impact varies. Most participants were concerned about the future, service issues were raised as was futures planning, siblings' needs, the positive impact of intellectual disability and influence of life stage upon care giving.ConclusionThe findings highlight that whilst the impact of intellectual disability upon adult siblings is variable, siblings are concerned about the future, and that life stage and circumstance appear to influence care giving.