bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bemessungskonzept für wärmedämmende Plattenanschlüsse mit Druckschublagern
Authors: Heidolf Thorsten , Eligehausen Rolf 
Published: March 2013

AbstractPlattenanschlüsse sind in der Praxis gängige Konstruktionselemente zur Vermeidung von Schimmelpilz und zur Gewährleistung erhöhter bauphysikalischer Anforderungen. Derartige Elemente bestehen in der Regel aus Stahlzug‐ und Stahlquerkraftstäben sowie aus Beton‐ bzw. Stahldrucklagern. Beim Halfen‐Iso‐ElemenT HIT‐HP/HIT‐SP wurde das statische System weiterentwickelt und die Querkraftstäbe und Drucklager durch Druckschublager aus faserverstärktem Hochleistungsmörtel ersetzt.Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden ausgewählte Ergebnisse der experimentellen und numerischen Untersuchungen zum Trag‐ und Verformungsverhalten von Plattenanschlüssen mit Druckschublagern vorgestellt. Hierbei wird insbesondere auf die verschiedenen Versagensarten sowie das entwickelte Bemessungskonzept eingegangen.Design concept for load bearing thermal insulation elements with compression shear bearingsIn practice slap connections are common structural elements to prevent mould fungus and to ensure increased structural physical requirements. Such elements are usually made of steel tension bars and steel shear bars and compression bearings made of concrete or steel. The Halfen‐Iso‐ElemenT HIT‐HP/HIT‐SP the static system was further developed and the shear bars and compression bearings were replaced with compression shear bearings made of high‐performance fiber‐reinforced mortar.In this paper selected results of experimental and numerical investigations of the structural behaviour and deformation behaviour of slap connections with compression shear bearings are presented. In particular, the different failure modes and the developed design method are described.
Bauausführung von Betontragwerken nach DIN EN 13670 und DIN 1045‐3 – Auswirkungen auf die Praxis
Authors: Schwabach Enrico 
Published: March 2013

AbstractDie Übernahme der wesentlichen Eurocodes in die Muster‐Liste der Technischen Baubestimmungen des DIBt und das Zurückziehen der entsprechenden nationalen Regelungen wurde im Dezember 2011 auf den Weg gebracht. Darin wird eine Reihe nationaler Bemessungsregeln durch Eurocodes ersetzt. Bezogen auf den Betonbau wird der Eurocode 2 für den Beton‐, Stahlbeton‐ und Spannbetonbau zusammen mit der europäischen Norm für die Ausführung von Tragwerken aus Beton DIN EN 13670 in Deutschland bauaufsichtlich eingeführt. Das neue Regelwerk für die Bauausführung setzt sich aus der DIN EN 13670 und den zugehörigen nationalen Anwendungsregeln DIN 1045‐3 zusammen. Beide Normen zusammen lösen seit dem 1. Juli 2012 die bisher allein gültige nationale Norm für die Bauausführung DIN 1045‐3 aus dem Jahr 2008 ab. Der Beitrag erläutert, inwiefern für die Baupraxis in Deutschland relevante Änderungen zu den bekannten Regeln bestehen.Execution of concrete structures according to DIN EN 13670 and DIN 1045‐3The process of implementing the significant Eurocodes into the List of Technical Building Regulations of the DIBt was set in motion in Dezember 2011. This replaces a wide range of national codes by Eurocodes. In the case of concrete structures in Germany the Eurocodes 2 for design and construction is implemented in combination with the new European code for the Execution of concrete structures DIN EN 13670 and the national application rules DIN EN 1045‐3. This article explains the relevant amendments to the previously known rules for the execution of concrete structures.
Enhanced algal growth rate in a Taylor vortex reactor
Authors: Kong Bo , Shanks Jacqueline V. , Vigil R. Dennis 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe rate of production of algal biomass in optically dense photobioreactors depends crucially on the temporal light exposure of microorganisms, which in turn is determined by fluid flow patterns and the quantity and spatial distribution of photosynthetically active radiation. In this report it is demonstrated that highly organized and robust toroidal flow structures known as Taylor vortices cause significant increases in the rate of biomass production, efficiency of light utilization, and CO2 uptake, and these effects become more pronounced at higher Reynolds numbers. In light of these findings and previously reported experiments using Taylor vortex flow to culture algae, it is argued that the flashing light effect, rather than mass transport effects, is responsible for the observed increases in the rate of photosynthesis. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 2140–2149. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Polymer peel‐off mask for high‐resolution surface derivatization, neuron placement and guidance
Authors: Martinez Dolores , Py Christophe , Denhoff Mike , Monette Robert , Comas Tanya , Krantis Anthony , Mealing Geoffrey 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe present a dry lift‐off method using a chemically resistant spin‐on plastic, polyimide, to pattern surfaces with high accuracy and resolution. Using well‐known lithographic and reactive ion etching techniques, the spin‐on polymer is patterned over a silicon dioxide surface. The plastic efficiently adheres to the silicon dioxide surface during the chemical modification and is readily lifted‐off following the derivatization process, permitting highly reliable surface derivatization. The verticality of the reactive ion etch enables sub‐micrometer features to be patterned, down to 0.8 µm. The technique is used to pattern neurons on silicon dioxide surfaces: efficient neuron placement over a 4 mm area is shown for patterns larger than 50 µm while process guidance is shown for 10 µm patterns. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 2236–2241. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Vascular remodeling at both branch ostia in bifurcation disease assessed by intravascular ultrasound
Authors: Kang Soo‐Jin , Kim Won‐Jang , Yun Sung‐Cheol , Park Duk‐Woo , Lee Seung‐Whan , Kim Young‐Hak , Lee Cheol Whan , Park Seong‐Wook , Mintz Gary S. , Park Seung‐Jung 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to assess vascular remodeling at both mainbranch (MB) and sidebranch (SB) ostia in left main (LM), and non‐LM coronary artery disease.MethodsUsing both pullback intravascular ultrasound, MB and SB ostia were evaluated in 169 bifurcation lesions with angiographic stenosis >50% before procedure. Remodeling index (RI) was the ratio of external elastic membrane (EEM) area at the minimal lumen area (MLA) site within the ostium to EEM area of distal reference.ResultsIn 81 LM bifurcation lesions, constrictive remodeling (RI < 1) was frequent at MB and SB ostia (91% and 90%). In 88 non‐LM bifurcation lesions, constrictive remodeling was also frequent at the MB and SB ostia (76% and 92%). RI was the lowest at the SB ostium in non‐LM bifurcation (0.80 ± 0.13). RI was related to neither large plaque burden nor extensive calcification. The non‐LM bifurcation lesions with RI <1 at the SB ostium showed smaller distal carina angle (51 ± 25° vs. 64 ± 14°, P = 0.044) compared with those with RI >1. At all ostial sites of bifurcation lesions, plaque burden and RI at the ostium and EEM area of distal reference were the independent factors affecting the MLA within the corresponding ostium as a continuous variable.ConclusionsAt both MB and SB ostia, constrictive remodeling was frequent even in the lesions with small amount of plaque and minimal calcification, which contribute further luminal narrowing. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enantiomeric Separation of Racemic 4‐Aryl‐1,4‐Dihydropyridines and 4‐Aryl‐1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydropyrimidines on a Chiral Tetraproline Stationary Phase
Authors: Dai Zhi , Pittman Charles U. , Li Tingyu 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThe chromatographic chiral resolution of 4‐aryl‐1,4‐dihydropyridines (1–32), 4‐aryl‐2‐thioxo‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydropyrimidines (33–38), and 4‐aryl‐2‐oxo‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydropyrimidines (39–41) was studied on a tetraproline‐immobilized chiral column synthesized in our lab. This tetraproline chiral stationary phase can resolve most of these compounds. The 4‐aryl‐2‐thioxo‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydropyrimidines (33–38) and 4‐aryl‐2‐oxo‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydropyrimidines (39–41) were more efficiently resolved than the racemic 4‐aryl‐1,4‐dihydropyridines on the tetraproline chiralstationary phase. Analytes with 5,5‐dimethyl groups (39–41) were less efficiently resolved than analytes without 5,5‐dimethyl substituents (1–16). The 4‐aryl‐2‐oxo‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydropyrimidines (39–41) without a sulfur atom were much more efficiently resolved than 4‐aryl‐2‐thioxo‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydropyrimidines (33–38). No obvious electronic effects on the resolution of any of these analytes (1–41) were observed on the tetraproline chiral stationary phase. The tetraproline chiral stationary phase separated enantiomers mainly via hydrogen bonding interactions. Chirality, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of Bis‐benzimidazolium Cyclic Receptors and Their Anion Binding Properties
Authors: Jiang Xiaozhi , Feng Meiyun , Zhang Dawei , Wang Binshen , Dong Zhiyun , Gao Guohua 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA series of cyclic receptors 1–5 based on bis‐benzimidazolium group were designed and synthesized. Their anion recognition properties were investigated by UV‐vis, fluorescent spectroscopy, 1H NMR and MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry. The UV‐vis and fluorescent spectroscopic studies showed that the receptors 1–5 had different binding abilities for various anions such as fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide and acetate. The high selectivity of the receptors for fluoride and acetate anions is attributed to their basicity. Job plot and MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry demonstrated that the receptors form 1:1 complex with fluoride. DFT calculation and 1H NMR studies indicated that the receptors bind anions through (CH)+···X− hydrogen bond.
Synthesis, Characterization and Properties of Novel Star‐Shaped π‐Conjugated Oligomers with Triphenylamine Core
Authors: Liu Leijing , Guo Qing , Li Jiyang , Yao Bin , Tian Wenjing 
Published: March 2013

AbstractFour new star‐shaped π‐conjugated oligomers (TPA‐CZ3, TPA‐TPA3, TPA‐PTZ3 and TPA‐BT3) with triphenylamine as a core and different electron‐donating ability groups, carbazole, triphenylamine, phenothiazine and bithiophene, as peripheral units have been designed and synthesized via the Heck reaction. These oligomers show good solubility in common organic solvents. Their photophysical, electrochemical, electronic structure and charge transfer properties between these star‐shaped π‐conjugated oligomers and N,N′‐bis(1‐ethylpropyl)‐3,4:9,10‐perylene bis(tetracarboxyl diimide) (EP‐PDI) have been investigated by UV‐vis absorption spectra, photoluminescence (PL) spectra, cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurement, theoretical calculations and fluorescence quenching. The results show that the absorptions and fluorescences of TPA‐CZ3, TPA‐TPA3 and TPA‐PTZ3 are red shifted with the electron‐donating ability of the peripheral unit increasing from carbazole to triphenylamine and phenothiazine. In addition, although the bithiophene group has a weaker electron‐donating ability than carbazole, triphenylamine and phenothiazine, the absorption and fluorescence of TPA‐BT3 have a red shift than those of TPA‐CZ3, TPA‐TPA3 and TPA‐PTZ3 because TPA‐BT3 has a longer conjugation length than TPA‐CZ3, TPA‐TPA3 and TPA‐PTZ3. The triphenylamine core and the peripheral units can constitute a large conjugated structure. The fluorescence quenching properties indicate that efficient charge transfer can happen between the star‐shaped oligomers and EP‐PDI.
Critical analysis of contemporary clinical research in muscle‐invasive and metastatic urothelial cancer
Authors: Galsky Matthew D. , Hendricks Ryan , Svatek Robert , Bangs Rick , Hoffman‐Censits Jean , Clement Jessica , Dreicer Robert , Guancial Elizabeth , Hahn Noah , Lerner Seth P. , O'Donnell Peter H. , Quale Diane Zipursky , Siefker‐Radtke Arlene , Shipley William , Sonpavde Guru , Vaena Daniel , Vinson Jacob , Rosenberg Jonathan 
Published: March 2013

BACKGROUNDThere have been no improvements in the treatment of metastatic urothelial cancer in the past several decades. A census of contemporary clinical research in this disease was performed to identify potential barriers and opportunities.METHODSThese authors performed a search for clinical trials exploring interventions in muscle‐invasive and metastatic urothelial cancer, using the ClinicalTrials.gov registry. Data extracted from the registry included title, recruitment status, interventions, sponsor, phase, enrollment, study design, and study sites.RESULTSAmong 120 eligible trials exploring interventions in muscle‐invasive and metastatic urothelial cancer, 73% were phase 2 and 73% were nonrandomized. The majority (63%) involved treatment in the metastatic disease state. The median planned enrollment size per trial was 45 patients (interquartile range, 47 patients). The majority of trials (55%) involved ≤ 3 study sites. Trials most commonly explored interventions in the first‐line metastatic (30%) or second‐line metastatic (37%) settings. Targeted therapeutics were studied in 58% of the trials. Among 56 trials that completed enrollment, the median time to complete accrual was 50 months (range, 10‐109 months), and these trials enrolled a median of 40 patients per trial (interquartile range, 44 patients).CONCLUSIONSThe majority of contemporary clinical trials in muscle‐invasive and metastatic urothelial cancer are small, nonrandomized, phase 2 trials involving 1 to 3 study sites. Enhanced communication and collaboration among the urothelial cancer community, and other stakeholders, is needed to facilitate the design and conduct of trials capable of expediting progress in this disease. Cancer 2013;119:1994–1998. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Gastric adenocarcinoma has a unique microRNA signature not present in esophageal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Chen Zheng , Saad Rama , Jia Peilin , Peng DunFa , Zhu Shoumin , Washington M. Kay , Zhao Zhongming , Xu Zekuan , El‐Rifai Wael 
Published: March 2013

BACKGROUNDMicroRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in tumor development and progression. The finding that a single miRNA can regulate hundreds of genes places miRNAs at critical hubs of signaling pathways. For the current study, the authors investigated the miRNA expression profile of gastric adenocarcinomas and compared it with esophageal adenocarcinomas to better identify a unique miRNA signature of gastric adenocarcinoma.METHODSmiRNA expression profiles were obtained using 2 different proprietary microarray platforms on primary gastric adenocarcinoma tissue samples. The cross comparison of results identified 17 up‐regulated miRNAs and 12 down‐regulated miRNAs that overlapped in both platforms. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction was performed for independent validation of a representative set of 8 miRNAs in gastric and esophageal adenocarcinomas compared with normal gastric mucosa or esophageal mucosa, respectively.RESULTSThe deregulation of miR‐146b‐5p, miR‐375, miR‐148a, miR‐31, and miR‐451 was associated significantly with gastric adenocarcinomas. Conversely, deregulation of miR‐21 (up‐regulation) and miR‐133b (down‐regulation) was detectable in both gastric and esophageal adenocarcinomas. It was noteworthy that miR‐200a was significantly down‐regulated in gastric adenocarcinoma samples (P = .04) but was up‐regulated in esophageal adenocarcinoma samples (P = .001). In addition, the expression level of miR‐146b‐5p displayed a strong correlation with the tumor stage of gastric cancer.CONCLUSIONSGastric adenocarcinoma displayed a unique miRNA signature that distinguished it from esophageal adenocarcinoma. This specific signature may reflect differences in the etiology and/or molecular signaling in these 2 closely related cancers. The current findings suggest important miRNA candidates that can be investigated for their biological functions and for their possible diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic role in gastric adenocarcinoma. Cancer 2013;119:1985–1993. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Synthesis of Isoidide through Epimerization of Isosorbide using Ruthenium on Carbon
Authors: Le Nôtre Jérôme , van Haveren Jacco , van Es Daan S. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA highly efficient procedure for obtaining resin‐grade isoidide through catalytic epimerization of isosorbide using a ruthenium‐on‐carbon (Ru/C) catalyst is reported. A comprehensive reaction‐parameter variation study involving substrate concentration, catalyst (type of metal, support, and loading), initial pH value, hydrogen pressure, solvent, and reaction temperature demonstrates that superior performance and high selectivity can be achieved. Epimerization of isosorbide in water (pH 8) at 220 °C, under 40 bar of hydrogen, and using a Ru/C catalyst (5 % Ru) for 2 h results in a thermodynamic equilibrium mixture containing 55 % isoidide, 40 % isosorbide, and 5 % isomannide. In comparison with previously reported nickel‐based catalysts, the Ru/C catalyst is advantageous because it is highly active (as low as 360 ppm Ru) and recyclable. High purity isoidide is obtained by high‐vacuum distillation of an equilibrium mixture on a 200 g scale. The high substrate loading (50 wt % in water), high selectivity, and the possibility for substrate reuse makes this procedure highly atom efficient and therefore, highly attractive for industrial use.
Formaldehyde: Catalytic Oxidation as a Promising Soft Way of Elimination
Authors: Quiroz Torres Jhon , Royer Sébastien , Bellat Jean‐Pierre , Giraudon Jean‐Marc , Lamonier Jean‐François 
Published: March 2013

AbstractCompared to other molecules such as benzene, toluene, xylene, and chlorinated compounds, the catalytic oxidation of formaldehyde has been studied rarely. However, standards for the emission level of this pollutant will become more restrictive because of its extreme toxicity even at very low concentrations in air. As a consequence, the development of a highly efficient process for its selective elimination is needed. Complete catalytic oxidation of formaldehyde into CO2 and H2O using noble‐metal‐based catalysts is a promising method to convert this pollutant at room temperature, making this process energetically attractive from an industrial point of view. However, the development of a less expensive active phase is required for a large‐scale industrial development. Nanomaterials based on oxides of manganese are described as the most promising catalysts. The objective of this Minireview is to present promising recent studies on the removal of formaldehyde through heterogeneous catalysis to stimulate future research in this topic.
Direct Hydrosilylation of Tertiary Amides to Amines by an In Situ Formed Iron/N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyst
Authors: Volkov Alexey , Buitrago Elina , Adolfsson Hans 
Published: March 2013

AbstractTertiary amides were efficiently reduced to their corresponding tertiary amines in high isolated yields by using the commercially available and inexpensive polymeric silane polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS) as the reducing agent. The reaction is efficiently catalyzed by an in situ generated iron/N‐heterocyclic carbene complex (1 mol‐%) obtained from iron(II) acetate and 1‐(2‐hydroxy‐2‐phenylethyl)‐3‐methylimidazolium triflate ([PhHEMIM][OTF]). A catalytic amount of lithium chloride (1 mol‐%) present in the reaction mixture significantly reduced the reaction time and increased the chemoselectivity of the reduction process.
Material properties and fire test results
Authors: Lyon Richard E. , Safronava Natallia , Quintiere James G. , Stoliarov Stanislav I. , Walters Richard N. , Crowley Sean 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTFive material properties commonly used to describe the fire behavior of solids were evaluated as sole explanatory variables for four small‐scale fire tests with pass/fail outcomes by using a physically based probabilistic (phlogistic) burning model. The phlogistic model describes the likelihood of passing vertical Bunsen burner tests and a regulatory heat release rate test reasonably well over a wide range of material properties, as deduced from the correlation coefficient and mean deviation of the predicted and measured values. Of the thermal, combustion, and fire properties examined, the best predictors of the likelihood of passing the fire tests of this study were the heat of combustion of the sample, the heat release capacity, and the heat release parameter. The relative merits and drawbacks of qualitative (threshold) and quantitative (probabilistic) approaches to predicting fire test results using thermal and combustion properties are discussed. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
The Beijing extreme rainfall of 21 July 2012: “Right results” but for wrong reasons
Authors: Zhang Da‐Lin , Lin Yonghui , Zhao Ping , Yu Xiaoding , Wang Songqiu , Kang Hongwen , Ding Yihui 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe heaviest rainfall in 6 decades fell in Beijing on 21 July 2012 with a record‐breaking amount of 460 mm in 18 h and hourly rainfall rates exceeding 85 mm. This extreme rainfall event appeared to be reasonably well predicted by current operational models, albeit with notable timing and location errors. However, our analysis reveals that the model‐predicted rainfall results mainly from topographical lifting and the passage of a cold front, whereas the observed rainfall was mostly generated by convective cells that were triggered by local topography and then propagated along a quasi‐stationary linear convective system into Beijing. In particular, most of the extreme rainfall occurred in the warm sector far ahead of the cold front. Evidence from a cloud‐permitting simulation indicates the importance of using high‐resolution cloud‐permitting models to reproduce the above‐mentioned rainfall‐production mechanisms in order to more accurately predict the timing, distribution, and intensity of such an extreme event.
Synthesis of Precursors of 4‐Phosphino‐1H‐pyrrole‐3‐carbaldehyde Derivatives
Authors: Smaliy Radomyr V. , Chaykovskaya Aleksandra A. , Shtil Nataliya A. , Savateev Aleksandr S. , Kostyuk Aleksandr N. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTIn this work, possible approaches to the synthesis of 1,2,5‐substituted 4‐phosphoryl‐3‐formylpyrroles have been considered. As a result, two methods for the synthesis of 4‐(diphenylphosphoryl)‐1‐(4‐ethoxyphenyl)‐2,5‐dimethyl‐1H‐pyrrole‐3‐carbal‐dehyde were proposed; the highest yields gives formylation of 3‐(diphenylphosphorothioyl)‐1‐(4‐ethoxyphenyl)‐2,5‐dimethyl‐1H‐pyrrole. The formyl fragment was successfully converted into a Schiff base with phenethylamine, and the phosphoryl group has been reduced to phosphine with silicochloroform, which suggests a promising approach to the synthesis of chiral bidentate phosphine ligands. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 24:146–151, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.21069
It's Time to Revise K‐W‐L
Authors: Finders Margaret , Balcerzak Phyllis 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis column features essays written by current middle school and high school teachers, media specialists, librarians, literacy coaches, curriculum specialists, administrators, preservice teachers, teacher educators, and adolescent and adult learners. They highlight diverse perspectives on teaching and/or learning with literacies to inspire reader reflection.