bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DESEMPENHO DE FUNÇÕES DE DENSIDADE PROBABILÍSTICAS PARA DESCREVER A DISTRIBUIÇÃO DIAMÉTRICA DE Pinus taeda, NA REGIÃO DE CAÇADOR, SC
Authors: Téo Saulo Jorge , Bianchi Júlio César , Peloso Adriano , Nava Paulo Roberto , Marcon Alan , Ehlers Tiago , Costa Reinaldo Hoinacki da 
Published: August 2014

ResumoO objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar as funções de densidade probabilísticas (FDP) Normal, Ln-Normal, Sb de Johnson, Weibull 3P, Gamma, Beta e Weber, para descrever as mudanças na estrutura diamétrica de povoamentos de Pinus taeda L., na região de Caçador (SC), em diferentes idades e classes de sítio. O processamento dos dados foi realizado por meio da ferramenta Solver, do software MS Excel 2010, a qual utiliza o algoritmo linear de gradiente reduzido generalizado (GRG) na interação dos parâmetros. Verificou-se que a FDP Sb de Johnson e Weibull 3 P apresentaram os melhores desempenhos. Para a avaliação da aderência das FDP, é recomendada a utilização das estatísticas R2, R2aj, syx e syx%, além do teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, em todos os casos, especialmente quando houver número de observações superior a 5.000. Geralmente, houve um aumento da amplitude dos valores dos diâmetros e um achatamento da distribuição diamétrica com o avanço da idade e com a melhora da produtividade do sítio. Com o progresso da idade, há um aumento dos valores do diâmetro máximo e do diâmetro modal das distribuições, para as classes de sítio de maior produtividade, porém o mesmo não ocorre para o sítio menos produtivo. AbstractPerformance of probability density functions in order to describe diameter distribution of Pinus taeda, in the region of Caçador, SC. This research aims to analyze probability of density functions (pdf) Normal, Ln-Normal, Johnson Sb, 3 P Weibull, Gamma, Beta and Weber in order to describe diameter changes in Pinus taeda L. plantations structure, in the region of Caçador - SC, Brazil, at different age and site classes. The data processing was carried out by Solver tool of the software MSExcel2010, using the linear algorithm of generalized reduced gradient (GRG) for interaction of parameters. As result, Johnson Sb and 3PWeibull presented the best performances. For the pdf adherence evaluation, it was recommended the employment of R2, R2aj, syx e syx% statistics, besides the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, in any situation, specially, when there is more than 5,000 observations. Generally, there was an increasing in the range of diameter values and a flatness of diameter distribution at advancing age and improvement of the site productivity. At age advancing, there was an increasing of maximum diameter and modal diameter values of distributions, for the higher productivity site classes, on the other hand, the same did not occur for the low productivity site class.Keywords: Horizontal structure; Kolmogorov-Smirnov test; probability density function; forestry site.
AVALIAÇÃO TÉCNICA E DE CUSTOS DE PODA MANUAL E SEMIMECANIZADA EM PLANTIOS DE Pinus taeda
Authors: Oliveira Felipe Martins , Lopes Eduardo Silva , Malinovski Jorge Roberto , Da Silva Rafael Henrique , Rodrigues Carla Krulikowski 
Published: August 2014

ResumoO objetivo desta pesquisa foi realizar uma avaliação técnica e de custos das atividades de poda manual e semimecanizada em plantios de Pinus taeda L., visando gerar informações para o aumento da produtividade, melhoria da qualidade e redução dos custos de produção. A pesquisa foi conduzida em uma empresa prestadora de serviços florestais, localizada na região do Norte Pioneiro, Estado do Paraná. Foram estudadas as atividades de podas executadas a 2,5 m; 4,0 m e 5,0 m de altura. A avaliação técnica consistiu em um estudo de tempos e movimentos, determinando a produtividade, a eficiência operacional e a qualidade das operações, verificando a presença de tocos de galhos e injúrias no lenho. A análise de custos foi feita por meio da determinação dos custos operacionais e de produção. Os resultados mostraram que a poda manual apresentou menor produtividade em relação ao método semimecanizado, porém proporcionou melhor qualidade do trabalho em termos de injúrias no lenho das árvores. Apesar do maior custo de produção, a execução das podas mais altas pelo método semimecanizado tornou-se viável técnica e economicamente devido à melhor qualidade do trabalho em relação à presença de tocos de galhos e possíveis benefícios ergonômicos aos trabalhadores. AbstractTechnical and cost evaluation of manual and semi-mechanized pruning in plantations of Pinus taeda. The objective of this research was to conduct technical and cost analysis of pruning in Pinus taeda L. planted forests by semi-mechanized and manual methods to increase productivity, improve the quality and reduction of costs. The research was conducted in a forest service company, located in the State of Parana, Brazil. There was studied the pruning to 2.5 m, 4.0 m and 5.0 m high. The technical evaluation consisted of a time and motion study, determining the productivity, operational efficiency and the quality of activities verifying the presence of branch stumps and injuries in the wood. The cost analysis was done by determining operating and production costs. The results showed that manual pruning had lower productivity compared to the semi-mechanized method, provided even better quality of work over terms apparent injuries on wood. Though even higher production cost, the implementation of pruning higher by semi-mechanized methods becomes more technical and economically, caused by better quality work in relation to the branch stumps and possible ergonomics benefits to workers.Keywords: Productivity; cost; pruning and silviculture.
Hydrography and circulation in the Filchner Depression, Weddell Sea, Antarctica
Authors: Darelius E. , Makinson K. , Daae K. , Fer I. , Holland P. R. , Nicholls K. W. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractCold and dense ice shelf water (ISW) emerging from the Filchner‐Ronne Ice Shelf cavity in the southwestern Weddell Sea flows northward through the Filchner Depression to eventually descend the continental slope and contribute to the formation of bottom water. New ship‐born observations of hydrography and currents from Filchner Depression in January 2013 suggest that the northward flow of ISW takes place in a middepth jet along the eastern flank of the depression, thus questioning the traditional view with outflow along the western flank. This interpretation of the data is supported by results from a regional numerical model, which shows that ISW flowing northward along the eastern coast of Berkner Island turns eastward and crosses the depression to its eastern side upon reaching the Filchner ice front. The ice front represents a sudden change in the thickness of the water column and thus a potential vorticity barrier. Transport estimates of northward ISW flux based on observations ranges from 0.2 to 1.0 Sv.
The utility of routine polyp histopathology after endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Yeh David H. , Wong Jay , Hoffbauer Stephanie , Wehrli Bret , Sommer Doron , Rotenberg Brian W. 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundRoutine histopathological assessment is standard practice for nasal polyp specimens obtained during endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Retrospective studies suggest that routine histopathology of nasal polyps shows few unexpected diagnoses that alter patient management. Our objective was to study the use of routine pathological analysis, and its cost to the healthcare system, in a prospective manner.MethodsA multicenter prospective assessment was performed from data collected between 2007 and 2013. Only cases of patients undergoing ESS for bilateral CRS were included. We excluded unilateral disease cases, and cases in which diagnoses other than polyps were suspected either preoperatively or intraoperatively. We then compared the preoperative diagnosis with the final histopathology and identified the rate of unexpected pathologies. A cost analysis was performed.ResultsOnly 4 of 866 pathological specimens were identified as having a clinically significant unexpected diagnosis. All unexpected pathologies in this series were benign. These 4 cases account for 0.46% of all specimens reviewed. This translates to a number needed to screen of 217 cases of bilateral CRS to discover 1 unexpected pathology. The associated cost for making an unexpected diagnosis was $19,192.73.ConclusionRoutine histopathology of nasal polyps in ESS for bilateral CRS with polyps yields few unexpected and management‐altering diagnoses. It carries a significant cost to the healthcare system. In cases of bilateral CRS with no other concerning clinical features, clinicians should exercise judgment in submitting polyp specimens for pathology rather than routinely sending polyps for histopathologic analysis.
Fabrication of PLA/PEG/MWCNT electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds for anticancer drug delivery
Authors: Aboutalebi Anaraki Nadia , Roshanfekr Rad Leila , Irani Mohammad , Haririan Ismaeil 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTIn the present study, polylactic acid (PLA)/polyethylene glycol (PEG)/multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds were prepared via electrospinning process and their applications for the anticancer drug delivery system were investigated. A response surface methodology based on Box–Behnken design (BBD) was used to evaluate the effect of key parameters of electrospinning process including solution concentration, feeding rate, tip–collector distance (TCD) and applied voltage on the morphology of PLA/PEG/MWCNT nanofibrous scaffolds. In optimum conditions (concentration of 8.15%, feeding rate of 0.2 mL/h, voltage of 18.50 kV and TCD of 13.0 cm), the minimum experimental fiber diameter was found to be 225 nm which was in good agreement with the predicted value by the BBD analysis (228 nm). In vitro drug release study of doxorubicin (DOX)‐loaded nanofibrous scaffolds, higher drug content induced an extended release of drug. Also, drug release rate was not dependent on drug/polymer ratio in different electrospun nanofibrous formulations. The equation of Mt = c0 + kt0.5was used to describe the kinetic data of DOX release from electrospun nanofibers. The cell viability of DOX‐loaded nanofibrous scaffolds was evaluated using 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide, a tetrazole assay on lung cancer A549 cell lines. We propose that DOX‐incorporated PLA/PEG/MWCNT nanofibrous scaffold could be used as a superior candidate for antitumor drug delivery. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41286.
Investigation of crosslinking in the thermooxidative aging of nitrile–butadiene rubber
Authors: Zhao Jiaohong , Yang Rui , Iervolino Rossana , Barbera Stellario 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTChemical crosslinking is possibly the most significant factor affecting the mechanical behavior of rubbers. In this study, we investigated the evolution of network structures (the crosslinking degree and crosslinking density) during the thermooxidative aging of a nitrile–butadiene rubber (NBR) using characterization methods such as low‐dimensional NMR, solvent extraction, solvent swelling, IR spectroscopy, and mechanical property measurements. The NMR and solvent extraction results show the change of the crosslinking degree. The solvent swelling results show the change of the crosslinking density. The IR results show the chemical changes relating to crosslinking and chain scissions. Therefore, a comprehensive picture of the thermal oxidative aging of the NBR compound was drawn by the integration of various results from these methods. Crosslinking occurred throughout the aging process, whereas chain scissions took place and competed with crosslinking in the later stage. The crosslinking density increased at a nearly constant rate, whereas the increase in the crosslinking degree slowed down in the later stage. The crosslinking density was closely correlated with the hardness and Young's modulus. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41319.
Recycling waste tires: Generation of functional oligomers and description of their use in the synthesis of polyurethane foams
Authors: Tran Thi Kieu Nhung , Pilard Jean‐François , Pasetto Pamela 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThe accumulation of waste tires is a big environmental issue and different approaches have been proposed to eliminate or recycle this material in the end of its life. However, each approach presents drawbacks and the need for a real valorization of the tire components is still of interest. In a previous work by our group, it was demonstrated that an oxidative cleavage of the polyisoprene and polybutadiene chains contained in the tires led to the synthesis of telechelic oligomers with a ketone and an aldehyde at the chains ends. In this work, the process to obtain these carbonyl oligomers has been improved, with a particular concern for the elimination of the maximum amount of carbon black. The carbonyl oligomers can be easily reduced to hydroxyl oligomers and, in order to show the benefit of the recycling process, an application of these hydroxyl oligomers is reported: they have been used as building blocks (polyol precursors) in the preparation of polyurethane (PU) foams. The morphology of the resulting foams was observed by scanning electron microscopy technique: the images showed an almost open‐cell structure and a homogeneous distribution of cell size. Mechanical (tensile and compressive strength) and thermal properties of PU foams synthesized from “recycled” oligomers from waste tires were compared to those of PU foams synthesized from analogue oligomers derived from natural rubber. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41326.
Development and compatibility assessment of new composite film based on sugar beet pulp and polyvinyl alcohol intended for packaging applications
Authors: Shen Zhu , Ghasemlou Mehran , Kamdem Donatien Pascal 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTIn this study, interaction and compatibility between sugar‐beet pulp (SBP) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in blend films was assessed. Film‐forming dispersions of different ratios of SBP to PVA (100/0, 75/25, 50/50, and 25/75) were cast at room temperature. The effects of adding PVA to SBP on the resulting film's physical, mechanical and barrier properties and thermal stability were investigated. X‐ray diffraction and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) were used to characterize the structure and morphology of the composites. When PVA was also added to the composite films, the films became softer, less rigid and more stretchable than pure SBP films. The addition of PVA gave significantly greater elongation at break (12.45%) and lower water vapor permeability (1.55 × 10−10 g s−1 m−1 Pa−1), but tensile strength did not markedly change, remaining around 59.68 MPa. Thermogravimetric analysis also showed that SBP/PVA film had better thermal stability than SBP film. The ESEM results showed that the compatibility of SBP50/PVA50 was better than those of other composite films. These results suggest that when taking all the studied variables into account, composite films formulated with 50% PVA are most suitable for various packaging applications. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41354.
Chassis organism from Corynebacterium glutamicum – a top‐down approach to identify and delete irrelevant gene clusters
Authors: Unthan Simon , Baumgart Meike , Radek Andreas , Herbst Marius , Siebert Daniel , Brühl Natalie , Bartsch Anna , Bott Michael , Wiechert Wolfgang , Marin Kay , Hans Stephan , Krämer Reinhard , Seibold Gerd , Frunzke Julia , Kalinowski Jörn , Rückert Christian , Wendisch Volker F. , Noack Stephan 
Published: August 2014

AbstractFor synthetic biology applications, a robust structural basis is required, which can be constructed either from scratch or in a top‐down approach starting from any existing organism. In this study, we initiated the top‐down construction of a chassis organism from Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032, aiming for the relevant gene set to maintain its fast growth on defined medium. We evaluated each native gene for its essentiality considering expression levels, phylogenetic conservation, and knockout data. Based on this classification, we determined 41 gene clusters ranging from 3.7 to 49.7 kbp as target sites for deletion. 36 deletions were successful and 10 genome‐reduced strains showed impaired growth rates, indicating that genes were hit, which are relevant to maintain biological fitness at wild‐type level. In contrast, 26 deleted clusters were found to include exclusively irrelevant genes for growth on defined medium. A combinatory deletion of all irrelevant gene clusters would, in a prophage‐free strain, decrease the size of the native genome by about 722 kbp (22%) to 2561 kbp. Finally, five combinatory deletions of irrelevant gene clusters were investigated. The study introduces the novel concept of relevant genes and demonstrates general strategies to construct a chassis suitable for biotechnological application.
High‐throughput nucleoside phosphate monitoring in mammalian cell fed‐batch cultivation using quantitative matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Steinhoff Robert F. , Ivarsson Marija , Habicher Tobias , Villiger Thomas K. , Boertz Jens , Krismer Jasmin , Fagerer Stephan R. , Soos Miroslav , Morbidelli Massimo , Pabst Martin , Zenobi Renato 
Published: August 2014

AbstractCurrent methods for monitoring multiple intracellular metabolite levels in parallel are limited in sample throughput capabilities and analyte selectivity. This article presents a novel high‐throughput method based on matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (TOF‐MS) for monitoring intracellular metabolite levels in fed‐batch processes. The MALDI‐TOF‐MS method presented here is based on a new microarray sample target and allows the detection of nucleoside phosphates and various other metabolites using stable isotope labeled internal standards. With short sample preparation steps and thus high sample throughput capabilities, the method is suitable for monitoring mammalian cell cultures, such as antibody producing hybridoma cell lines in industrial environments. The method is capable of reducing the runtime of standard LC‐UV methods to approximately 1 min per sample (including 10 technical replicates). Its performance is exemplarily demonstrated in an 8‐day monitoring experiment of independently controlled fed‐batches, containing an antibody producing mouse hybridoma cell culture. The monitoring profiles clearly confirmed differences between cultivation conditions. Hypothermia and hyperosmolarity were studied in four bioreactors, where hypothermia was found to have a positive effect on the longevity of the cell culture, whereas hyperosmolarity lead to an arrest of cell proliferation. The results are in good agreement with HPLC‐UV cross validation experiments. Subsequent principal component analysis (PCA) clearly separates the different bioreactor conditions based on the measured mass spectral profiles. This method is not limited to any cell line and can be applied as a process analytical tool in biotechnological processes.
Rationale and Design of the Henry Ford ExercIse Testing Project (The FIT Project)
Authors: Al‐Mallah Mouaz H. , Keteyian Steven J. , Brawner Clinton A. , Whelton Seamus , Blaha Michael J. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTAlthough physical fitness is a powerful prognostic marker in clinical medicine, most cardiovascular population‐based studies do not have a direct measurement of cardiorespiratory fitness. In line with the call from the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute for innovative, low‐cost, epidemiologic studies leveraging electronic medical record (EMR) data, we describe the rationale and design of the Henry Ford ExercIse Testing Project (The FIT Project). The FIT Project is unique in its combined use of directly measured clinical exercise data retrospective collection of medical history and medication treatment data at the time of the stress test, retrospective supplementation of supporting clinical data using the EMR and administrative databases and epidemiologic follow‐up for cardiovascular events and total mortality via linkage with claims files and the death registry. The FIT Project population consists of 69 885 consecutive physician‐referred patients (mean age, 54 ± 10 years; 54% males) who underwent Bruce protocol treadmill stress testing at Henry Ford Affiliated Hospitals between 1991 and 2009. Patients were followed for the primary outcomes of death, myocardial infarction, and need for coronary revascularization. The median estimated peak metabolic equivalent (MET) level was 10, with 17% of the patients having a severely reduced fitness level (METs < 6). At the end of the follow‐up duration, 15.9%, 5.6%, and 6.7% of the patients suffered all‐cause mortality, myocardial infarction, or revascularization procedures, respectively. The FIT Project is the largest study of physical fitness to date. With its use of modern electronic clinical epidemiologic techniques, it is poised to answer many clinically relevant questions related to exercise capacity and prognosis.
Low‐grade albuminuria associated with brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity in young adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in China
Authors: Huang Lingning , Yang Liyong , Zhang Songjing , Liu Donghui , Yan Xiaofang , Yan Sunjie 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundCardiovascular disease is prevalent in type 2 diabetics, and microalbuminuria is associated with cardiovascular disease morbidity. We aimed to investigate the potential association between low‐grade albuminuria and arterial stiffness in patients with type 2 diabetes.MethodsBetween 2009 and 2013, a retrospective study was performed in 578 patients with type 2 diabetes (339 male patients and 239 female patients) with normal urinary albumin‐to‐creatinine ratios (ACRs; <30 mg/g) from Fuzhou, China. Patients were stratified into tertiles based on urinary ACR levels (lowest tertile, urinary ACR < 4.8 mg/g; highest tertile, urinary ACR ≥ 20.1 mg/g). Arterial stiffness was measured via brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity.ResultsBrachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity, age, duration of diabetes, systolic blood pressure and pulse wave velocity progressively increased across all urinary albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio tertiles (p < 0.05). Patients in the second and the highest tertiles had significantly elevated pulse wave velocity [114.6 mm/s (95% CI = 36.8–192.4) and 209.4 mm/s (95% CI = 131.8–286.9)], p = 0.004 and 0.000] compared with those in the lowest ACR tertile. The association between ACR and elevated pulse wave velocity still persisted in patients younger than 65 years of age and those with diabetes <10 years, conferring 45 or 51% greater risk of elevated pulse wave velocity (OR = 1.451; 95% CI = 1.119–1.881; p = 0.005 or OR = 1.515; 95% CI = 1.167–1.966; p = 0.0018) with each ACR tertile increment. Each ACR tertile increment conferred 31.7% higher risk of increased pulse wave velocity (OR = 1.317; 95% CI = 1.004–1.729; p = 0.0468).ConclusionsPatients with type 2 diabetes with urinary albumin excretion in the upper normal range were still at risk for target organ damage. Low‐grade albuminuria might be an early marker for the detection of arterial stiffness in patients with type 2 diabetes, especially in younger patients with type 2 diabetes with shorter durations of disease. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.