bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects on cerebral blood flow after single doses of the β2agonist, clenbuterol, in healthy volunteers and patients with mild cognitive impairment or Parkinson's disease
Authors: Lodeweyckx Thomas , de Hoon Jan , Van Laere Koen , Bautista Edgar , Rizzo Gaia , Bishop Courtney , Rabiner Eugenii , Martin Renee S. , Ford Anthony , Vargas Gabriel 
Published: July 2024

AimsCerebral hypometabolism occurs years prior to a diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases and coincides with reduced cerebral perfusion and declining noradrenergic transmission from the locus coeruleus. In pre‐clinical models, β‐adrenoceptor (β‐AR) agonists increase cerebrocortical glucose metabolism, and may have therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative diseases. This study investigated the safety and effects on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) of the oral, brain‐penetrant β2‐AR agonist, clenbuterol, in healthy volunteers (HV) and patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or Parkinson's disease (PD).MethodsThis study evaluated the safety and effects on cerebral activity of the oral, brain‐penetrant, β2‐AR agonist clenbuterol (20–160 μg) in healthy volunteers and patients with MCI or PD. Regional CBF, which is tightly coupled to glucose metabolism, was measured by arterial spin labelling MRI in 32 subjects (25 HV and 8 MCI or PD) across five cohorts. In some cohorts, low doses of nadolol (1–5 mg), a β‐AR antagonist with minimal brain penetration, were administered with clenbuterol to control peripheral β2‐AR responses.ResultsSignificant, dose‐dependent increases in rCBF were seen in multiple brain regions, including hippocampus, amygdala and thalamus, following the administration of clenbuterol to HVs (mean changes from baseline in hippocampal rCBF of −1.7%, 7.3%, 22.9%, 28.4% 3 h after 20, 40, 80 and 160 μg clenbuterol, respectively). In patients with MCI or PD, increases in rCBF following 80 μg clenbuterol were observed both without and with 5 mg nadolol (in hippocampus, 18.6%/13.7% without/with nadolol). Clenbuterol was safe and well‐tolerated in all subjects; known side effects of β2‐agonists, including increased heart rate and tremor, were mild in intensity and were blocked by low‐dose nadolol.ConclusionsThe effects of clenbuterol on rCBF were evident both in the absence and presence of low‐dose nadolol, suggesting central nervous system (CNS) involvement. Concomitant inhibition of the peripheral effects of clenbuterol by nadolol confirms that meaningful β2‐AR antagonism in the periphery was achieved without interrupting the central effects of clenbuterol on rCBF.
Validating the Ontario Child Health Study Emotional Behavioural Scales‐Brief Version (OCHS‐EBS‐B) in children with chronic physical illness
Authors: Ferro Mark A. , Arimoro Olayinka I. , Ayilara Olawale F. , Dhuga Gurkiran K. , Duncan Laura , Sajobi Tolulope T. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundA substantial proportion of children have a physical illness; these children commonly experience physical–mental comorbidity. To assess child mental health, brief scales that can be used in clinical and research settings are needed. This study assessed the validity and reliability of parent‐reported Ontario Child Health Study Emotional Behavioural Scale‐Brief Version (OCHS‐EBS‐B) scores.MethodsData come from a longitudinal study of children aged 2–16 years with a physical illness recruited from outpatient clinics at a pediatric hospital. Confirmatory factor analysis and McDonald's coefficient assessed the factor structure and internal consistency reliability of the OCHS‐EBS‐B, respectively. Point biserial correlations assessed agreement between the OCHS‐EBS‐B and Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents (MINI‐KID), a structured diagnostic interview. The Wilcoxon rank sum test compared OCHS‐EBS‐B scores between children with versus without physical–mental comorbidity (known‐group validity).ResultsThe three‐factor structure of the OCHS‐EBS‐B was replicated in this sample of children with physical illness (χ2 = 196.23(272), p < 0.001; CFI = 0.98; TLI = 0.98; SRMR = 0.06; RMSEA [90% CI] = 0.034 [0.027, 0.044]). It had excellent internal consistency reliability (ω = 0.86–0.92) and was moderately correlated with the MINI‐KID (baseline: rpb = 0.43–0.51; 6 months: rpb = 0.55–0.65). OCHS‐EBS‐B scores were significantly higher among children with versus without physical–mental comorbidity.ConclusionsFindings confirm psychometric evidence that the OCHS‐EBS‐B is a valid and reliable measure of mental health in children with chronic physical illness. Its brevity and robust psychometric properties make the OCHS‐EBS‐B a strong candidate for routine use in integrated pediatric physical and mental health services.
Who is being targeted by alcohol social media marketing? A study of Chinese young adults in Hong Kong
Authors: Chan Rufina H. W. , Dong Dong , Yu Jiazhou , Kim Jean H. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionDue to the widespread use of social media by young adults, the alcohol industry has been increasingly using social media marketing (SMM) to target potential customers. This study examines the prevalence and factors associated with past‐month exposure to alcohol SMM among young Chinese adults, a group with rapidly increasing uptake of alcohol consumption.MethodsAn anonymous, random telephone survey was conducted between June and August 2021 on Hong Kong Chinese residents between 18 and 34 years old (n = 675).ResultsOf respondents, 52.3% reported past‐month exposure to alcohol SMM (68.6% of past‐month drinkers and 48.0% of non‐past‐month drinkers, p < 0.05) while 71.6% reported exposure to non‐SMM alcohol marketing. Direct alcohol SMM exposure was reported by 40.9% (e.g., business‐to‐consumer postings, alcohol banner ads) while 27.4% of respondents reported exposure to indirect alcohol SMM marketing (e.g., shared/‘liked’ alcohol brand posts). Of those exposed to alcohol SMM, 13.7–15.5% reported that the various forms indirect alcohol SMM influenced them to drink more (vs. 6.2–8.9% for direct alcohol SMM). Being male, lower‐income, university educated and spirits/cocktail drinker were independently associated with exposure to direct alcohol SMM (ORmv 1.71–3.14). Past‐month exposure to indirect alcohol SMM was independently associated with lower income, not working full‐time and drinking any type of alcohol (ORmv 1.59–4.44).Discussion and ConclusionThe comparative effectiveness of indirect SMM on influencing young adults drinking intentions may be a form of peer endorsement of drinking. The pervasiveness of alcohol SMM and lack of alcohol SMM policies may indicate the need for greater alcohol marketing regulation in this region.
Remnant salmon life history diversity rediscovered in a highly compressed habitat
Authors: Hugentobler Sara A. , Sturrock Anna M. , Willmes Malte , Thompson Tasha Q. , Johnson Rachel C. , Cordoleani Flora , Stauffer‐Olsen Natalie J. , Whitman George , Meek Mariah H. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractChinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) display remarkable life history diversity, underpinning their ability to adapt to environmental change. Maintaining life history diversity is vital to the resilience and stability of Chinook salmon metapopulations, particularly under changing climates. However, the conditions that promote life history diversity are rapidly disappearing, as anthropogenic forces promote homogenization of habitats and genetic lineages. In this study, we use the highly modified Yuba River in California to understand if distinct genetic lineages and life histories still exist, despite reductions in spawning habitat and hatchery practices that have promoted introgression. There is currently a concerted effort to protect federally listed Central Valley spring‐run Chinook salmon populations, given that few wild populations still exist. Despite this, we lack a comprehensive understanding of the genetic and life history diversity of Chinook salmon present in the Yuba River. To understand this diversity, we collected migration timing data and GREB1L genotypes from hook‐and‐line, acoustic tagging, and carcass surveys of Chinook salmon in the Yuba River between 2009 and 2011. Variation in the GREB1L region of the genome is tightly linked with run timing in Chinook salmon throughout their range, but the relationship between this variation and entry on spawning grounds is little explored in California's Central Valley. We found that the date Chinook salmon crossed the lowest barrier to Yuba River spawning habitat (Daguerre Point Dam) was tightly correlated with their GREB1L genotype. Importantly, our study confirms that ESA‐listed spring‐run Chinook salmon are spawning in the Yuba River, promoting a portfolio of life history and genetic diversity, despite the highly compressed habitat. This work highlights the need to identify and protect this life history diversity, especially in heavily impacted systems, to maintain healthy Chinook salmon metapopulations. Without protection, we run the risk of losing the last vestiges of important genetic variation.
Investigating food production‐associated DNA methylation changes in paleogenomes: Lack of consistent signals beyond technical noise
Authors: Çokoğlu Sevim Seda , Koptekin Dilek , Fidan Fatma Rabia , Somel Mehmet 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Neolithic transition introduced major diet and lifestyle changes to human populations across continents. Beyond well‐documented bioarcheological and genetic effects, whether these changes also had molecular‐level epigenetic repercussions in past human populations has been an open question. In fact, methylation signatures can be inferred from UDG‐treated ancient DNA through postmortem damage patterns, but with low signal‐to‐noise ratios; it is thus unclear whether published paleogenomes would provide the necessary resolution to discover systematic effects of lifestyle and diet shifts. To address this we compiled UDG‐treated shotgun genomes of 13 pre‐Neolithic hunter‐gatherers (HGs) and 21 Neolithic farmers (NFs) individuals from West and North Eurasia, published by six different laboratories and with coverage c.1×–58× (median = 9×). We used epiPALEOMIX and a Monte Carlo normalization scheme to estimate methylation levels per genome. Our paleomethylome dataset showed expected genome‐wide methylation patterns such as CpG island hypomethylation. However, analyzing the data using various approaches did not yield any systematic signals for subsistence type, genetic sex, or tissue effects. Comparing the HG‐NF methylation differences in our dataset with methylation differences between hunter‐gatherers versus farmers in modern‐day Central Africa also did not yield consistent results. Meanwhile, paleomethylome profiles did cluster strongly by their laboratories of origin. Using larger data volumes, minimizing technical noise and/or using alternative protocols may be necessary for capturing subtle environment‐related biological signals from paleomethylomes.
Lenvatinib radiofrequency ablation sequential therapy offers survival benefits for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma at intermediate stage and the liver reserve of Child–Pugh A category: A multicenter study
Authors: Zhang Ying , Numata Kazushi , Imajo Kento , Uojima Haruki , Funaoka Akihiro , Komiyama Satoshi , Ogushi Katsuaki , Chuma Makoto , Irie Kuniyasu , Kokubu Shigehiro , Yoneda Masato , Kobayashi Takashi , Hidaka Hisashi , Fukushima Taito , Kobayashi Satoshi , Morimoto Manabu , Kagawa Tatehiro , Hattori Nobuhiro , Watanabe Tsunamasa , Iwase Shigeru , Maeda Shin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimThis study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of lenvatinib radiofrequency ablation (RFA) sequential therapy for certain hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients.MethodsOne hundred and nineteen patients with unresectable HCC in the intermediate stage with Child–Pugh A were retrospectively recruited in a multicenter setting. Those in the lenvatinib RFA sequential therapy group received lenvatinib initially, followed by RFA and the retreatment with lenvatinib. The study compared overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival (PFS), tumor response, and adverse events (AEs) between patients undergoing sequential therapy and lenvatinib monotherapy.ResultsAfter propensity score matching, 25 patients on sequential therapy and 50 on monotherapy were evaluated. Independent factors influencing OS were identified as sequential therapy, modified albumin–bilirubin (mALBI) grade, and relative dose intensity (%) with hazard ratios (HRs) of 0.381 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.186–0.782), 2.220 (95% CI, 1.410–3.493), and 0.982 (95% CI, 0.966–0.999), respectively. Stratified analysis based on mALBI grades confirmed the independent influence of treatment strategy across all mALBI grades for OS (HR, 0.376; 95% CI, 0.176–0.804). Furthermore, sequential therapy was identified as an independent factor of PFS (HR, 0.382; 95% CI, 0.215–0.678). Sequential therapy significantly outperformed monotherapy on survival benefits (OS: 38.27 vs. 18.96 months for sequential therapy and monotherapy, respectively, p = 0.004; PFS: 13.80 vs. 5.32 months for sequential therapy and monotherapy, respectively, p < 0.001). Sequential therapy was significantly associated with complete response by modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (odds ratio, 63.089). Ten of 119 patients experienced grade 3 AEs, with no AE beyond grade 3 observed.ConclusionLenvatinib RFA sequential therapy might offer favorable tolerability and potential prognostic improvement compared to lenvatinib monotherapy.
Can thyroid histomorphology identify patients with PTEN hamartoma tumour syndrome?
Authors: Dababneh Melad N , Rabinowitz Laura , Plitt Gilman , Eng Charis , Griffith Christopher C 
Published: July 2024

AimsThe phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) hamartoma tumour syndrome (PHTS) is a genetic disorder with variable clinical presentation and increased lifetime risk of multiorgan malignancies. The thyroid gland is commonly affected with follicular nodular disease (FND) and follicular cell‐derived carcinomas. Histopathological and immunohistochemical assessment of thyroid disease in PHTS is essential to identify patients at‐risk.Methods and resultsIn all, 30 PHTS patients with available thyroidectomy specimen material (2000–2023) and 31 control patients with FND and “adenomatous nodules” were retrieved. Histologic criteria, including the frequency of adenomatous‐type nodules versus hyperplastic‐type nodules, background and nodular lipomatous metaplasia, chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, cytoplasmic clearing of follicular cells in nodules, nodule‐in‐nodule appearance, and spectrum of nuclear atypia between nodules were evaluated in both cohorts and a Thyroid Histomorphologic PHTS Score (THiPS) system was established with a cutoff of 4 points or higher being considered concerning for PHTS. In all, 27 PHTS (90%) and five control (16.1%) cases had THiPS ≥4. A PTEN immunohistochemical stain was evaluated in 25 cases of each cohort and showed nuclear and cytoplasmic loss of expression in all or most of the nodules of 24/25 PHTS cases. In 3/25 control cases, two with THiPS ≥4, had loss of expression in one to multiple nodules. Conventional papillary thyroid carcinomas in PHTS patients retained PTEN cytoplasmic expression.ConclusionsOur study supports that, although not specific, the finding of multiple histologic features is found more frequently in patients with PHTS compared to the non‐PHTS control group. The THiPS system has high sensitivity for thyroid specimens from patients with PHTS.
Trade, labor market rigidity, and distributive share in a generalized oligopolistic equilibrium model
Authors: Maiti Dibyendu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper applies a generalized oligopolistic equilibrium model with labor rigidity under strategic competition between heterogeneous firms, explaining the trade between two similar countries for the declining wage and labor share, the common experiences of many countries worldwide. The specialization effect for the labor movement from a high to less labor‐intensive sector arising from the heterogeneous productivity distribution of firms between trading partners dampens the wage more than the joint effect of market size and competition working favorably on it. Despite the wage drop, the trade ambiguously affects employment but unambiguously reduces their distributive share.
R&D financing and production: A new Ricardian specific factor model
Authors: Das Gouranga G. , Hati Koushik Kumar , Gupta Debkanika 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper contributes to the literature on finance, production, and Research and Development (R&D) by investigating the unique possibilities of polarized decisions of entrepreneurs to yield “extreme” points rather than an “interior solution.” Financiers provide credits for employing sector‐specific skilled and unskilled workers as well as for R&D. With the objective of maximizing returns, financiers' interest lies in financing R&D only in the skilled sector while the unskilled sector—without innovation—collapses. Such corner solution occurs due to much higher skilled‐augmenting technical change guaranteeing maximum prospective return than that in the unskilled. This offers a novel interpretation of a declining share of production workers.
Factors affecting psychological resilience, self‐efficacy and job satisfaction of nurse academics: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ozdemir Cevriye , Kaplan Ali 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimThe study aimed to determine the factors affecting psychological resilience, self‐efficacy and job satisfaction in nurse academics.BackgroundNurse academics follow an emotionally and mentally intense career path, along which they are required to balance many different roles and responsibilities, including teaching, research and guidance. However, in some cases, this equilibrium is disrupted and may cause functional disruptions; in achieving this balance, resilience, self‐efficacy and job satisfaction play important roles.MethodsThe data of this cross‐sectional study were collected between January and April 2023, and 446 nurse academics were included in the study. The Descriptive Characteristics Information Form, Brief Psychological Resilience Scale (BPRS), General Self‐Efficacy Scale (GSES) and Job Satisfaction Scale (JSS) were used to collect the research data.We adhered to the STROBE checklist for reporting.ResultsA significant positive relationship was found between general self‐efficacy levels and psychological resilience and job satisfaction levels. There is a significant positive relationship between job satisfaction levels and age, total years of service, psychological resilience and general self‐efficacy levels. In addition, it has been noted that family relationships, friend relationships and academic title factors were effective on the nurse academics’ psychological resilience, self‐efficacy and job satisfaction levels.ConclusionManagers can play an important role in increasing the psychological resilience, self‐efficacy and job satisfaction levels of nurse academics by developing strategies for these effective factors.Implications for nursing and nursing policyGovernments need to ensure that nurse academics have an appropriate career framework that enables them to balance the competing demands on their time and that they have adequate mentoring and support in the early stages of their careers to enable them to adapt to working life as a nurse academic.
Linking nursing students’ professional identity, clinical learning environment, financial incentives, and career opportunities with migration intent: Structural equation modeling
Authors: Valencia Maria Isable E. , Urquico Reichelle C. , Taguinod Ma. Martina C. , Umali Carmelle Grace T. , Usana Maeveen A. , Uy Jean Marcus C. , Valledor Valeene Carmela F. , Vecina Ramon T. , Berdida Daniel Joseph E. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimsTo investigate how nursing students’ professional identity, clinical learning environment, financial incentives, and career opportunities influence their intention to migrate.BackgroundThere is a preponderance of studies about nurse migration and its impact on the global nursing workforce. However, a critical gap remains about nursing students' intentions to migrate, particularly among developing countries like the Philippines.MethodsUsing a cross‐sectional design, third‐ and fourth‐year nursing students (n = 316) from the largest comprehensive university in Manila were conveniently recruited. Data were collected from November to December 2023 using five validated self‐report scales. Descriptive (e.g., mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (e.g., Spearman rho, covariance‐based structural equation modeling) were used to analyze data.ResultsThe emerging model demonstrated acceptable model fit indices. Nursing students’ professional identity (β = 0.18, p = 0.043) and financial incentives (β = 0.10, p = 0.046) significantly and positively influence the intention to migrate. The satisfaction with future career opportunities (β = –0.12, p = 0.038) and clinical learning environment perception (β = –0.15, p = 0.048) negatively influence the intention to migrate. These four predictors accounted for 4.60% of the total variance of intention to migrate.ConclusionNursing students’ professional identity and financial incentives directly impact intent to migrate, whereas future career opportunities satisfaction and clinical learning environment inversely affect intent to migrate.Implications for nursing practice and policyThis study underscores the imperative for nursing colleges and faculty to promote positive professional identity and provide a conducive clinical learning environment to develop sustainable nurses’ migration policies.
Artificial intelligence misuse and concern for information privacy: New construct validation and future directions
Authors: Menard Philip , Bott Gregory J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTo address various business challenges, organisations are increasingly employing artificial intelligence (AI) to analyse vast amounts of data. One application involves consolidating diverse user data into unified profiles, aggregating consumer behaviours to accurately tailor marketing efforts. Although AI provides more convenience to consumers and more efficient and profitable marketing for organisations, the act of aggregating data into behavioural profiles for use in machine learning algorithms introduces significant privacy implications for users, including unforeseeable personal disclosure, outcomes biased against marginalised population groups and organisations' inability to fully remove data from AI systems on consumer request. Although these implementations of AI are rapidly altering the way consumers perceive information privacy, researchers have thus far lacked an accurate method for measuring consumers' privacy concerns related to AI. In this study, we aim to (1) validate a scale for measuring privacy concerns related to AI misuse (PC‐AIM) and (2) examine the effects that PC‐AIM has on nomologically related constructs under the APCO framework. We provide evidence demonstrating the validity of our newly developed scale. We also find that PC‐AIM significantly increases risk beliefs and personal privacy advocacy behaviour, while decreasing trusting beliefs. Trusting beliefs and risk beliefs do not significantly affect behaviour, which differs from prior privacy findings. We further discuss the implications of our work on both research and practice.