bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is there evidence for clinical differences related to the new classification of temporal lobe cortical dysplasia?
Authors: Fauser Susanne , Essang Charles , Altenmüller Dirk Matthias , Staack Anke , Steinhoff Bernhard J. , Strobl Karl , Bast Thomas , Schubert‐Bast Susanne , Doostkam Soroush , Zentner Josef , Schulze‐Bonhage Andreas 
Published: March 2013

SummaryPurposeThe new International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) classification for focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) differentiates between patients with isolated FCD (type 1) and FCD with an associated hippocampal sclerosis (HS) (type 3a). In contrast to the former FCD classification by Palmini, which considered only histologic features, the novel ILAE classification also relies on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and presumed pathogenesis. We investigated in a cohort of 100 patients with exclusively temporal FCD if the new subdivision of FCD is reflected in clinical characteristics.MethodsThirty‐one patients with FCD type 1 and 50 patients with FCD type 3a in the temporal lobe were included. In all patients MRI and histology of the FCD were available. Both patient groups were compared to 19 patients with temporal FCD type 2 with clearly different histologic appearance.Key FindingsPatients with FCD type 1 and type 3a presented with similar clinical features in many respects. In univariate analyses, no statistically significant differences were found as to age at epilepsy onset (p = 0.07) and epilepsy surgery (p = 0.14), a normal appearing neocortical temporal lobe (p = 0.08) or diagnosis of FCD by visual inspection of MRI (p = 0.08), preoperative seizure frequency (p = 0.06), and the predominance of an epigastric aura (p = 0.08). The postoperative outcome was nearly identical 1 year (p = 0.8) and 2 (p = 0.8), 3 (p = 0.8), 5 (p = 0.7), and 8 (p = 1.0) years postoperatively. Only febrile seizures (p = 0.025) and an aura (p = 0.03) were significantly more frequently reported in patients with FCD type 3a. Similar results were obtained from a multivariate logistic regression analysis. Patients with FCD type 2 were more different: Compared to FCD type 3a, age at epilepsy surgery was significantly lower (p = 0.004) and auras (p = 0.005) were significantly less frequently reported. Epigastric auras (p = 0.04) and febrile seizures (p = 0.025) occurred significantly less frequently in patients with FCD type 2 without HS compared to FCD type 3a. The diagnosis of an FCD was significantly more frequently made (p = 0.03) by visual inspection of the MRI compared to FCD type 1.SignificanceClinical features did not allow to clear separation of temporal FCD types 1 and 3a. Statistically significant differences were seen in a history of febrile seizures and the occurrence of auras more common in FCD type 3a. However, FCD type 2 in the same localization but with different histology presented with further differences such as more frequent FCD diagnosis by visual inspection of MRI, earlier operation, and less frequent epigastric auras.
Potential role for human P‐glycoprotein in the transport of lacosamide
Authors: Zhang Chunbo , Chanteux Hugues , Zuo Zhong , Kwan Patrick , Baum Larry 
Published: March 2013

SummaryPurposeAntiepileptic drugs (AEDs) do not effectively treat 30–40% of patients with epilepsy. Export of AEDs by P‐glycoprotein (Pgp, ABCB1, or MDR1), which is overexpressed in the blood–brain barrier in drug‐resistant patients, may be a mechanism for resistance to AEDs. For most recently approved AEDs, whether they are transported by Pgp is unknown. We investigated whether a new AED, lacosamide (LCM), is a substrate of human Pgp.MethodsLLC‐PK1 and MDCKII cells transfected with the human MDR1 gene were used to determine the substrate status of LCM in concentration equilibrium transport assays (CETAs). An equal concentration of drug was initially loaded in both the apical and basal chambers, and the concentration in both chambers was measured up to 4 h. The experiments were repeated in the presence of the Pgp inhibitors verapamil and tariquidar. Caco‐2 assays were used to determine the intrinsic permeability and efflux ratio of LCM as well as its potential to inhibit digoxin, a Pgp substrate.Key FindingsLacosamide was transported by MDR1‐transfected cells from basolateral to apical sides. The efflux of LCM could be completely blocked by verapamil or tariquidar. In Caco‐2 assays, LCM showed high permeability without a significant efflux ratio; it did not inhibit digoxin, a Pgp substrate.SignificanceAlthough LCM is a substrate of Pgp in CETA, Caco‐2 data demonstrated that passive diffusion should play a major role in the overall disposition of LCM. The critical role of Pgp should be addressed in vivo.
Microbial life associated with low‐temperature alteration of ultramafic rocks in the Leka ophiolite complex
Authors: Daae F. L. , Økland I. , Dahle H. , Jørgensen S. L. , Thorseth I. H. , Pedersen R. B. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWater–rock interactions in ultramafic lithosphere generate reduced chemical species such as hydrogen that can fuel subsurface microbial communities. Sampling of this environment is expensive and technically demanding. However, highly accessible, uplifted oceanic lithospheres emplaced onto continental margins (ophiolites) are potential model systems for studies of the subsurface biosphere in ultramafic rocks. Here, we describe a microbiological investigation of partially serpentinized dunite from the Leka ophiolite (Norway). We analysed samples of mineral coatings on subsurface fracture surfaces from different depths (10–160 cm) and groundwater from a 50‐m‐deep borehole that penetrates several major fracture zones in the rock. The samples are suggested to represent subsurface habitats ranging from highly anaerobic to aerobic conditions. Water from a surface pond was analysed for comparison. To explore the microbial diversity and to make assessments about potential metabolisms, the samples were analysed by microscopy, construction of small subunit ribosomal RNA gene clone libraries, culturing and quantitative‐PCR. Different microbial communities were observed in the groundwater, the fracture‐coating material and the surface water, indicating that distinct microbial ecosystems exist in the rock. Close relatives of hydrogen‐oxidizing Hydrogenophaga dominated (30% of the bacterial clones) in the oxic groundwater, indicating that microbial communities in ultramafic rocks at Leka could partially be driven by H2 produced by low‐temperature water–rock reactions. Heterotrophic organisms, including close relatives of hydrocarbon degraders possibly feeding on products from Fischer–Tropsch‐type reactions, dominated in the fracture‐coating material. Putative hydrogen‐, ammonia‐, manganese‐ and iron‐oxidizers were also detected in fracture coatings and the groundwater. The microbial communities reflect the existence of different subsurface redox conditions generated by differences in fracture size and distribution, and mixing of fluids. The particularly dense microbial communities in the shallow fracture coatings seem to be fuelled by both photosynthesis and oxidation of reduced chemical species produced by water–rock reactions.
Oral supplementation with branched‐chain amino acid granules prevents hepatocarcinogenesis in patients with hepatitis C‐related cirrhosis: A propensity score analysis
Authors: Tada Toshifumi , Kumada Takashi , Toyoda Hidenori , Kiriyama Seiki , Tanikawa Makoto , Hisanaga Yasuhiro , Kanamori Akira , Kitabatake Shusuke , Niinomi Takuro , Ito Takanori , Hasegawa Ryohei , Ando Yusuke , Yamamoto Kenta , Tanaka Tatsuya 
Published: March 2013

AimIt has been reported that branched‐chain amino acids (BCAA) supplementation can improve nutritional status and reduce liver‐related complications in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. BCAA supplementation reportedly reduces the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in obese cirrhotic patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). We investigated the effects of oral supplementation with BCAA granules on hepatocarcinogenesis in patients with HCV‐related cirrhosis using propensity score matching.MethodsA total of 60 patients with HCV‐related cirrhosis and without history of HCC who were selected by one‐to‐one matching of propensity scores: 30 patients receiving 12 g/day of BCAA granules for 3 months or more (BCAA group) and 30 being observed without BCAA supplementation (control group). The impact of BCAA supplementation was analyzed on the incidence of HCC.ResultsThe 3‐ and 5‐year rates of HCC development were 13.7% and 13.7% in the BCAA group and 35.1% and 44.5% in the control group, respectively. The BCAA group had a significantly lower rate of HCC than the control group (P = 0.032). Multivariate analysis for factors that were associated with hepatocarcinogenesis indicated that BCAA supplementation was independently associated with a reduced incidence of HCC (hazard ratio 0.131; 95% confidence interval, 0.032–0.530; P = 0.004) along with sex and serum α‐fetoprotein. Obesity (body mass index, ≥25 kg/m2) was not significantly associated with an increased incidence of HCC.ConclusionOral supplementation with BCAA granules is associated with a reduced incidence of HCC in patients with HCV‐related cirrhosis regardless of the presence of obesity based on the propensity score analysis.
Effect of solvents on the accuracy of the Mini Root ZX apex locator
Authors: Er O. , Uzun O. , Ustun Y. , Canakcı B. C. , Yalpı F. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAimTo evaluate ex vivo, the effects of three solvents on the accuracy of a contemporary electronic root canal length measurement device (ERCLMD), the Mini Root ZX.MethodologyThe actual working length (AWL) of 56 extracted maxillary incisor teeth were measured with an ERCLMD. All root canals were prepared with the ProTaper system to AWL. Of them, 20 were filled with gutta‐percha and a resin‐based sealer (Group A), 20 with gutta‐percha and a zinc oxide/eugenol‐based sealer (Group B), and 16 roots were used as the control group (Group C). Removal of the root filling and repreparation processes were performed using the ProTaper system. Guttasolv and Resosolv were used as the solvents in Group A and Guttasolv and Endosolv E in Group B. After the removal of the root fillings had been achieved, the same ERCLMD was used to measure the working length (WL). Differences between AWL and WL measurements were analysed by paired t‐test, and the accuracy of ERCLMD was assessed using chi‐squared tests.ResultsThere were significant differences between AWL and WL measurements in subgroups A2 (Resosolv group) and B2 (Endosolv E group). In these subgroups, WL was shorter than AWL (P < 0.05). Also, the accuracy of the Resosolv group was significantly lower than the others (P < 0.05) at a ±0.5 mm margin of error.ConclusionsRemoving root fillings may require use of a solvent. In these cases, ERCLMDs may exhibit a lower accuracy, thus operators must exercise additional care when measuring the working length using ERCLMDs.
Effects of high‐mobility group box 1 on the proliferation and odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp cells
Authors: Qi S. C. , Cui C. , Yan Y. H. , Sun G. H. , Zhu S. R. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAimTo investigate the expression of high‐mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in human dental pulp tissues and the effects of HMGB1 on proliferation and odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp cells (hDPCs).MethodologyImmunohistochemical assay, immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometric analysis were used to detect the expression of HMGB1 in the human dental pulp and hDPCs, respectively. The proliferation of hDPCs was examined by CCK‐8 after culturing human primary hDPCs in the presence of HMGB1 with different doses. Odontoblastic differentiation of hDPCs was determined using alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activity assay and mineralized nodule formation. Important mineralization‐related genes such as ALP, dental sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and dental matrix protein‐1 (DMP‐1) were determined by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Western blot analysis was performed to determine the difference in expressions of DMP‐1 and DSP with or without the presence of exogenous HMGB1. Simultaneously, messenger RNA and protein levels of HMGB1 and RAGE were also detected. The protein level of HMGB1 in the supernatants was quantified using ELISA analysis.ResultsHMGB1 was found in human dental pulp tissue and in the nuclei of hDPCs. During hDPC odontoblastic differentiation, HMGB1 translocated from the nuclei to the cytoplasm and then secreted out from hDPCs. Exogenous HMGB1 promoted hDPC proliferation and mineralized nodule formation. It up‐regulated the activity of ALPase and the mRNA and protein levels of dentine matrix protein‐1 (DMP‐1), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), dentine sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and receptor for advance glycation end (RAGE) of hDPCs.ConclusionHMGB1 promoted the proliferation and odontoblastic differentiation of hDPCs.
Identification and characterization of the pyrokinin/pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide family of G protein‐coupled receptors from Ostrinia nubilalis
Authors: Nusawardani T. , Kroemer J. A. , Choi M‐Y. , Jurenka R. A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractInsects have two closely related G protein‐coupled receptors belonging to the pyrokinin/pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (pyrokinin/PBAN) family, one with the ligand PBAN or pyrokinin‐2 and another with diapause hormone or pyrokinin‐1 as a ligand. A related receptor is activated by products of the capa gene, periviscerokinins. Here we characterized the PBAN receptor and the diapause hormone receptor from the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis. We also identified a partial sequence for the periviscerokinin receptor. Quantitative PCR of mRNA for all three receptors indicated differential expression in various life stages and tissues. All three splice variants of the PBAN receptor were identified with all variants found in pheromone gland tissue. Immunohistochemistry of V5 tags of expressed receptors indicated that all three variants and the diapause hormone receptor were expressed at similar levels in Spodoptera frugiperda 9 (Sf9) cells. However, the A‐ and B‐variants were not active in our functional assay, which confirms studies from other moths. Functional expression of the C‐variant indicated that it is has a 44 nM half effective concentration for activation by PBAN. The diapause hormone receptor was activated by diapause hormone with a 150 nM half effective concentration.
Work engagement and occupational stress in nurses and other healthcare workers: the role of organisational and personal factors
Authors: Fiabane Elena , Giorgi Ines , Sguazzin Cinzia , Argentero Piergiorgio 
Published: March 2013

Aims and objectivesThe aims of this study were to: (1) identify the role of organisational and personal factors in predicting work engagement in healthcare workers and (2) compare work engagement and occupational stress perceptions of healthcare professional categories.BackgroundHealthcare professionals, with particular regard to nurses, are exposed to several job stressors that can adversely affect both their mental and physical health and also decrease work engagement. Work engagement can be considered as the positive opposite of burnout, and it is characterised by energy, involvement and professional efficacy.DesignA cross‐sectional survey research was conducted with self‐report questionnaires.MethodsThe Maslach Burnout Inventory–General Survey, the Areas of Worklife Scale and four scales from the Occupational Stress Indicator were administered to a sample of 198 hospital staff (registered nurses, nurse aides, physicians and physiotherapists), of which 110 participated in the study.ResultsThe most significant predictors of energy were workload, mental health and job satisfaction; the best predictors of involvement were community, workload, mental health and job satisfaction; professional efficacy was best predicted by values and job satisfaction. In relation to the second aim, physiotherapists had the highest levels of occupational stress and disengagement from their work, while nurse aides were the most work‐engaged and job‐satisfied professional category, with positive perceptions of the work environment.ConclusionsBoth organisational and personal factors were found to be significantly associated with work engagement. In this study, physiotherapists were the category with the highest risk of work‐related psychological problems, whereas nurse aides had the lowest risk.Relevance to clinical practiceInterventions aimed at improving clinical practice and psychological health of nurses and hospital staff should focus on workload, workers' personal expectations and job satisfaction.
Hip protectors: are they beneficial in protecting older people from fall‐related injuries?
Authors: Combes Margot , Price Kay 
Published: March 2013

Aims and objectivesTo report findings of an investigation into the methodological quality of research informing the use of hip protectors for those clients in residential aged care considered to be at high risk of falls and to contribute to the translation of research evidence into practice by identifying issues surrounding the use of hip protectors in practice.BackgroundFalls risk is a predominant concern when nursing older people, especially those in residential aged care. Fall‐related injuries, specifically pertaining to the hip, yield a high cost to the individual both physically and psychologically. Accordingly, hip protectors are argued in related literature as a form of protection against such injuries.DesignA database search as per a specified search strategy was conducted for quantitative research publications and randomised control trials.MethodsEnglish language publications were sought from the year 2000–2011. Searches were made, using specific combinations of keywords, in the following databases: MEDLINE via OvidSP, CINAHL via EBSCOHost, Ageline via OvidSP, Cochrane Library, The Joanna Briggs Institute and Google Scholar.ResultsSix articles were selected for review. Methodological quality of the research publications collated varied, and the use of hip protectors was deemed inconclusive. Compliance was raised as a prevailing issue.ConclusionThe problem of fall‐related injuries is significant. Whilst some evidence is inconclusive, the use of hip protectors is recommended as best practice.Relevance to clinical practiceThe issue of compliance, however, was identified to affect the use of appliances in residential aged care. Addressing compliance issues must be tackled if hip protectors are to be part of a resident‐centred approach.
Task‐Correlated Facial and Head Movements in Classifier‐Based Real‐Time fMRI
Authors: Magland Jeremy F. , Childress Anna Rose 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDReal‐time fMRI is especially vulnerable to task‐correlated movement artifacts because statistical methods normally available in conventional analyses to remove such signals cannot be used in the context of real‐time fMRI. Multi‐voxel classifier‐based methods, although advantageous in many respects, are particularly sensitive. Here we systematically studied various movements of the head and face to determine to what extent these can “masquerade” as signal in multi‐voxel classifiers.METHODSTen subjects were instructed to move systematically (twelve instructed movements) throughout fMRI exams and data from a previously published real‐time study was also analyzed to determine the extent to which non‐neural signals contributed to the high reported accuracy in classifier output.RESULTSOf potential concern, whole‐brain classifiers based solely on movements exhibited false positives in all cases (P < .05). Artifacts were also observed in the spatial activation maps for two of the twelve movement tasks. In the retrospective analysis, it was determined that the relatively high reported classification accuracies were (fortunately) mostly explainable by neural activity, but that in some cases performance was likely dominated by movements.CONCLUSIONMovement tasks of many types (including movements of the eyes, face, and body) can lead to false positives in classifier‐based real‐time fMRI paradigms.
A Leaf Curl Disease in Germplasm of Rapeseed‐Mustard in India: Molecular Evidence of a Weed‐Infecting Begomovirus–Betasatellite Complex Emerging in a New Crop
Authors: Roy Anirban , Spoorthi Poreddy , Bag Manas Kumar , Prasad Telaprolu Venkata , Singh Ranbir , Dutta Manoranjan , Mandal Bikash 
Published: March 2013

AbstractEvaluation of 130 accessions of rapeseed‐mustard germplasm grown at the National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India during the winter season (2011–2012) revealed the occurrence of a leaf curl disease in seven accessions. The occurrence of the disease was observed in another 62 of 525 accessions evaluated during 2012–2013. The association of a monopartite begomovirus and betasatellite was established with the symptomatic plants by whitefly transmission and PCR amplification. The complete nucleotide sequences of the begomovirus (JX270684, 2745 nucleotides), obtained by rolling circle amplification, showed the highest sequence identity (98.1%) with the weed‐infecting begomovirus, Croton yellow vein mosaic virus. Analysis of recombination indicated the probable occurrence of many overlapping inter‐ and intraspecific recombination events. The sequence of betasatellite (JX270685, 1355 nucleotides) showed the highest sequence identity (95.7%) with Croton yellow vein mosaic betasatellite. Begomoviruses were not previously known to naturally infect rapeseed‐mustard. This is the first report of the emergence of a weed‐infecting begomovirus–betasatellite complex in rapeseed‐mustard germplasm in India and raises the concern on utilization of such susceptible germplasm in crop improvement programmes.
Protein-coated nanoparticles embedded in films as delivery platforms
Authors: Morales Javier O , Ross Alistair C , McConville Jason T 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Objectives
This work aimed to evaluate the performance of nanoparticle-loaded films based on matrices of polymethacrylates and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) intended for delivery of macromolecules.

Methods
Lysozyme (Lys)-loaded nanoparticles were manufactured by antisolvent co-precipitation. After size, loading efficiency and stability characterization, the selected batch of particles was further formulated into films. Films were characterized for mechanical properties, mucoadhesion, Lys release and activity after manufacture.

Key findings
We found that protein-coated nanoparticles could be obtained in USP phosphate buffer pH 6.8. Particles obtained at pH 6.8 had a z-average of 347.2 nm, a zeta-potential of 21.9 mV and 99.2% remaining activity after manufacture. This formulation was further studied for its application in films for buccal delivery. Films loaded with nanoparticles that contained Eudragit RLPO (ERL) exhibited excellent mechanical and mucoadhesive properties. Due to its higher water-swelling and solubility compared with ERL, the use of HPMC allowed us to tailor the release of Lys from films. The formulation composed of equal amounts of ERL and HPMC revealed a sustained release over 4 h, with Lys remaining fully active at the end of the study.

Conclusions
Mucoadhesive films containing protein-coated nanoparticles are promising carriers for the buccal delivery of proteins and peptides in a stable form.