bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The miR‐137 schizophrenia susceptibility variant rs1625579 does not predict variability in brain volume in a sample of schizophrenic patients and healthy individuals
Authors: Rose Emma J. , Morris Derek W. , Fahey Ciara , Cannon Dara , McDonald Colm , Scanlon Cathy , Kelly Sinead , Gill Michael , Corvin Aiden , Donohoe Gary 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe micro RNA 137 (miR‐137) variant rs1625579 has been identified as a genome‐wide significant risk variant for schizophrenia. miR‐137 has an established role in neurodevelopment and may mediate cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia. This role of miR‐137 may be related to changes in brain morphology for risk‐related genotypes; however this has not yet been delineated. Here we considered whether rs1625579 genotype was predictive of indices of brain structure in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) data (i.e. 3T T1‐TFE or 1.5T T1‐MPRAGE) were acquired from 150 healthy controls and 163 schizophrenic patients. Two volumetric analyses that considered the impact of miR‐137/rs1625579 genotype were carried out on sMRI data. In the first analysis, voxel based morphometry was employed to consider genotype‐related variability in local grey and white matter across the entire brain volume. Our secondary analysis utilized the FIRST protocol in FSL to consider the volume of subcortical structures (i.e. bilateral accumbens, amygdala, caudate, hippocampus, pallidum, putamen and thalamus). Several brain regions in both analyses demonstrated the expected main effect of participant group (i.e. schizophrenics < controls), yet there were no regions where we observed an impact of rs1635579 genotype on brain volume. Our analyses suggest that the mechanism by which miR‐137 confers risk for schizophrenia and impacts upon cognitive function may not be mediated by changes in local brain volume. However, it remains to be determined whether or not alternative measures of brain structure are related to these functions of miR‐137. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Polygenic scores associated with educational attainment in adults predict educational achievement and ADHD symptoms in children
Authors: de Zeeuw Eveline L. , van Beijsterveldt Catharina E.M. , Glasner Tina J. , Bartels M. , Ehli Erik A. , Davies Gareth E. , Hudziak James J. ,   Social Science Genetic Association Consortium, Rietveld Cornelius A. , Groen‐Blokhuis Maria M. , Hottenga Jouke Jan , de Geus Eco J.C. , Boomsma Dorret I. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe American Psychiatric Association estimates that 3 to 7 per cent of all school aged children are diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Even after correcting for general cognitive ability, numerous studies report a negative association between ADHD and educational achievement. With polygenic scores we examined whether genetic variants that have a positive influence on educational attainment have a protective effect against ADHD. The effect sizes from a large GWA meta‐analysis of educational attainment in adults were used to calculate polygenic scores in an independent sample of 12‐year‐old children from the Netherlands Twin Register. Linear mixed models showed that the polygenic scores significantly predicted educational achievement, school performance, ADHD symptoms and attention problems in children. These results confirm the genetic overlap between ADHD and educational achievement, indicating that one way to gain insight into genetic variants responsible for variation in ADHD is to include data on educational achievement, which are available at a larger scale. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Allylzirconiumkomplexe als Reaktionsteilnehmer bei der Zirconocen‐katalysierten α‐Olefinpolymerisation
Authors: Babushkin Dmitrii E. , Panchenko Valentina N. , Brintzinger Hans‐Herbert 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBei der Suche nach bisher unerkannten Ruhezuständen von Zirconocenkatalysatoren für die Olefinpolymerisation ergaben kombinierte UV/Vis‐ und NMR‐spektrometrische Methoden, dass kationische, kettentragende Zr‐Allyl‐Komplexe etwa 90 % der Katalysatorkonzentration ausmachen. Andere am Katalyseprozess beteiligte Katalysatorspezies müssen daher aus dem Allylreservoir regeneriert werden, in das sie offenbar häufig zurückfallen.
Cell‐Surface Engineering by a Conjugation‐and‐Release Approach Based on the Formation and Cleavage of Oxime Linkages upon Mild Electrochemical Oxidation and Reduction
Authors: Pulsipher Abigail , Dutta Debjit , Luo Wei , Yousaf Muhammad N. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe report a strategy to rewire cell surfaces for the dynamic control of ligand composition on cell membranes and the modulation of cell–cell interactions to generate three‐dimensional (3D) tissue structures applied to stem‐cell differentiation, cell‐surface tailoring, and tissue engineering. We tailored cell surfaces with bioorthogonal chemical groups on the basis of a liposome‐fusion and ‐delivery method to create dynamic, electroactive, and switchable cell‐tissue assemblies through chemistry involving chemoselective conjugation and release. Each step to modify the cell surface: activation, conjugation, release, and regeneration, can be monitored and modulated by noninvasive, label‐free analytical techniques. We demonstrate the utility of this methodology by the conjugation and release of small molecules to and from cell surfaces and by the generation of 3D coculture spheroids and multilayered cell tissues that can be programmed to undergo assembly and disassembly on demand.
Efficient Oxidation and Destabilization of Zn(Cys)4 Zinc Fingers by Singlet Oxygen
Authors: Lebrun Vincent , Tron Arnaud , Scarpantonio Luca , Lebrun Colette , Ravanat Jean‐Luc , Latour Jean‐Marc , McClenaghan Nathan D. , Sénèque Olivier 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSinglet oxygen (1O2) plays an important role in oxidative stress in all types of organisms, most of them being able to mount a defense against this oxidant. Recently, zinc finger proteins have been proposed to be involved in its cellular detection but the molecular basis of this process still remains unknown. We have studied the reactivity of a Zn(Cys)4 zinc finger with 1O2 by combinations of spectroscopic and analytical techniques, focusing on the products formed and the kinetics of the reaction. We report that the cysteines of this zinc finger are oxidized to sulfinates by 1O2. The reaction of the ZnS4 core with 1O2 is very fast and efficient with almost no physical quenching of 1O2. A drastic (ca. five orders of magnitude) decrease of the Zn2+ binding constant was observed upon oxidation. This suggests that the Zn(Cys)4 zinc finger proteins would release their Zn2+ ion and unfold upon reaction with 1O2 under cellular conditions and that zinc finger sites are likely targets for 1O2.
Enhanced interfacial interaction of epoxy nanocomposites with activated graphene nanosheets
Authors: Deng Hui , Wu Fan , Chen Lei , Xu Zhiwei , Liu Liangsen , Yang Caiyun , Mai Wei , Cheng Bowen 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTThe interfacial properties of epoxy nanocomposites reinforced by thermally exfoliated graphene nanosheets (TEG) and activated thermally exfoliated graphene nanosheets (a‐TEG) were compared. The specific surface area (SSA) of a‐TEG with well‐defined micro‐mesopore size distribution was 1000 m2/g, which was much higher that of TEG (550 m2/g). The interfacial interaction between a‐TEG and epoxy was stronger than that of TEG/epoxy owing to their higher SSA and pore size which was proved by dynamic mechanical analysis. As a result, the tensile strength of a‐TEG/epoxy was increased compared with that of TEG/epoxy for all concentrations. In particular, the tensile and flexural strength of a‐TEG/epoxy was increased up to 20 and 50% in comparison to that of TEG/epoxy at 0.05 wt % graphene, respectively. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 41164.
Has the World Changed? My Neighbor Might Know: Effects of Social Context on Routine Deviation
Authors: Betsch Tilmann , Lindow Stefanie , Engel Christoph , Ulshöfer Corina , Kleber Janet 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTRoutines help individuals save decision effort and protect them from overreacting to volatile environments. Yet routines become dysfunctional if the environment changes fundamentally. Whether the environment has truly changed is often not easy to tell. We experimentally study adaptation to a change in a previously stable environment. Participants have to choose between one of the four decks of cards. Each deck represents a lottery, with a distribution of gains and losses initially unknown to participants. In the learning phase of the experiment, participants acquire the routine to choose the most attractive deck. Unbeknownst to participants, after an interruption, the lotteries represented by the competing decks are changed. We study how participants react to this change. We manipulate whether participants have access to choices by a confederate who most of the time makes the normative choice. In baseline condition, they never do. In the treatments, access is provided either during the learning phase, during the test phase, or during both phases. Participants are most likely to realize that the world has changed if they had access to the confederate's choices in both phases. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flagellin modulates TIM4 expression in mast cells
Authors: Li Linjing , Mo Lihua , Hao Huijie , Yang Wanhe , Zhou Quanbo , Xue Fumin , Shi Zhaoyang , Liu Zhigang , Yang Ping‐Chang , Feng Baisui 
Published: July 2014

AbstractT‐helper (Th) 2 polarization functions in a number of immune diseases, but their pathogenesis needs further investigation. Some microbial products or components are strong adjuvants in the creation of mouse models of Th2 polarization. T cell immunoglobulin mucin molecule (TIM) 4 is a facilitator in the initiation of Th2 response. This study looks at the role of one of the microbial products, flagellin (FGN), in the induction of TIM4 expression in mast cells. Bone marrow derived mast cells (BMMC) were generated. Induction of TIM4 in mast cells was assessed in both experiments in vitro and in vivo. The signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (Stat6) phosphorylation in BMMC were assessed by Western blotting. A coculture model with FGN‐primed BMMC and naïve CD4+ T cells was employed to assess FGN in facilitating the expression of TIM4 in mast cells. After exposure to FGN, TIM4 levels were significantly increased in BMMC and mast cells of the mouse intestine, which was accompanied by increased STAT6 phosphorylation. Culture with FGN‐primed BMMC, naïve CD4+ T cells developed into Th2 cells by a TIM4‐dependent manner. We conclude that FGN can induce mast cells to express TIM4, which helps initiate Th2 polarization.
Predictive validity of the structured assessment of violence risk in youth: A 4‐year follow‐up
Authors: Gammelgård Monica , Koivisto Anna‐Maija , Eronen Markku , Kaltiala‐Heino Riittakerttu 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundStructured violence risk assessment is an essential part of treatment planning for violent young people. The Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth (SAVRY) has been shown to have good reliability and validity in a range of settings but has hardly been studied in adolescent mental health services.AimsThis study aimed to evaluate the long‐term predictive validity of the SAVRY in adolescent psychiatry settings.MethodsIn a prospective study, 200 SAVRY assessments of adolescents were acquired from psychiatric, forensic and correctional settings. Re‐offending records from the Finnish National Crime Register were collected. Receiver operating curve statistics were applied.ResultsHigh SAVRY total and individual subscale scores and low values on the protective factor subscale were significantly associated with subsequent adverse outcomes, but the predictive value of the total score was weak. At the risk item level, those indicating antisocial lifestyle, absence of social support and pro‐social involvement were strong indicators of subsequent criminal convictions, with or without violence. The SAVRY summary risk rating was the best indicator of likelihood of being convicted of a violent crime. After allowing for sex, age, psychiatric diagnosis and treatment setting, for example, conviction for a violent crime was over nine times more likely among those young people given high SAVRY summary risk ratings.ConclusionsThe SAVRY is a valid and useful method for assessing both short‐term and long‐term risks of violent and non‐violent crime by young people in psychiatric as well as criminal justice settings, adding to a traditional risk‐centred assessment approach by also indicating where future preventive treatment efforts should be targeted. The next steps should be to evaluate its role in everyday clinical practice when using the knowledge generated to inform and monitor management and treatment strategies. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Highly Luminescent and Stable Hydroxypyridinonate Complexes: A Step Towards New Curium Decontamination Strategies
Authors: Sturzbecher‐Hoehne Manuel , Kullgren Birgitta , Jarvis Erin E. , An Dahlia D. , Abergel Rebecca J. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe photophysical properties, solution thermodynamics, and in vivo complex stabilities of CmIII complexes formed with multidentate hydroxypyridinonate ligands, 3,4,3‐LI(1,2‐HOPO) and 5‐LIO(Me‐3,2‐HOPO), are reported. Both chelators were investigated for their ability to act as antenna chromophores for CmIII, leading to highly sensitized luminescence emission of the metal upon complexation, with long lifetimes (383 and 196 μs for 3,4,3‐LI(1,2‐HOPO) and 5‐LIO(Me‐3,2‐HOPO), respectively) and remarkable quantum yields (45 % and 16 %, respectively) in aqueous solution. The bright emission peaks were used to probe the electronic structure of the 5f complexes and gain insight into ligand field effects; they were also exploited to determine the high (and proton‐independent) stabilities of the corresponding CmIII complexes (log β110=21.8(4) for 3,4,3‐LI(1,2‐HOPO) and log β120=24.5(5) for 5‐LIO(Me‐3,2‐HOPO)). The in vivo complex stability for both ligands was assessed by using 248Cm as a tracer in a rodent model, which provided a direct comparison with the in vitro thermodynamic results and demonstrated the great potential of 3,4,3‐LI(1,2‐HOPO) as a therapeutic CmIII decontamination agent.
Benzothiophene or Benzofuran Bridges in Diaryl Ethenes: Two‐Step Access by Pd‐Catalyzed CH Activation and Theoretical/Experimental Studies on Their Photoreactivity
Authors: Yuan Kedong , Boixel Julien , Chantzis Agisilaos , Jacquemin Denis , Guerchais Véronique , Doucet Henri 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA series of terarylenes incorporating benzothiophene (BT)/benzofuran (BF) as the central ethene unit was synthesised by using sequential Pd‐catalysed CH activation reactions. This new methodology allows the easy modification of the nature of the pendant heteroarene groups. Diaryl ethene (DAE) derivatives with thiophene, thiazole, pyrrole, isoxazole and pyrazole rings were prepared. A large number of asymmetrical DAEs are easily accessible by this new method in both the BT and BF series. The study of their photochromic properties in solution revealed that the nature of the heteroarene and of the central unit drastically modify their photochromic behaviour. TD‐DFT calculations were performed to assess the nature of the relevant excited states.
Selectivity of a Lithium‐Recovery Process Based on LiFePO4
Authors: Trócoli Rafael , Battistel Alberto , Mantia Fabio La 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe demand for lithium will increase in the near future to 713,000 tonnes per year. Although lake brines contribute to 80% of the production, existing methods for purification of lithium from this source are expensive, slow, and inefficient. A novel electrochemical process with low energy consumption and the ability to increase the purity of a brine solution to close to 98% with a single‐stage galvanostatic cycle is presented.
Antiaromaticity to Aromaticity: From Boroles to 1,2‐Azaborinines by Ring Expansion with Azides
Authors: Braunschweig Holger , Hörl Christian , Mailänder Lisa , Radacki Krzysztof , Wahler Johannes 
Published: July 2014

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Holger Braunschweig at the Julius‐Maximilians‐Universität Würzburg (Germany). The image depicts the synthesis of 1,2‐azaborinines by a ring‐expansion reaction of boroles with azides. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201403101.
Investigation of DMSO‐Induced Conformational Transitions in Human Serum Albumin Using Two‐Dimensional Raman Optical Activity Spectroscopy
Authors: Batista Andrea N. L. , Batista João M. , Ashton Lorna , Bolzani Vanderlan S. , Furlan Maysa , Blanch Ewan W. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTRecent Raman and Raman optical activity (ROA) results have demonstrated that dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) induces the selective conversion of α‐helix motifs into the poly(L‐proline) II (PPII) helix conformation in an array of proteins, while β‐sheets remain mostly unaffected. Human serum albumin (HSA), a highly α‐helical protein, underwent the most dramatic changes and, therefore, was selected as a model for further investigations into the mechanism of this conformational change. Herein we report the use of two‐dimensional ROA correlation analysis applying synchronous, autocorrelation, and moving windows approaches in order to understand the conformational transitions in HSA as a function of DMSO concentration. Our results indicate that the destabilization of native α‐helix starts at DMSO concentrations as little as 20% in water (v/v), with the transition to PPII helix being complete at ~80% DMSO. These results clearly indicate that any protein preparation containing relatively low concentrations of DMSO should consider possible disruptions in α‐helical domains. Chirality 26:497–501, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A semi‐automated method for measuring femoral shape to derive version and its comparison with existing methods
Authors: Berryman F. , Pynsent P. , McBryde C. 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYThe measurement of femoral version is important in surgical planning of derotational osteotomies particularly for patients with proximal femoral deformity. It is, however, difficult to measure version accurately and differences of 10° to 15° have been found between repeated measurements. The aim of this work was first to develop a method of measuring femoral version angle where the definition of the neck axis is based on the three‐dimensional point cloud making up the neck, second to automate many of the processes involved thus reducing the influence of human error and third to ensure the method could run on freely available software suitable for most computer platforms. A CT scan was performed on 44 cadaveric femurs to generate point clouds of the femoral surfaces. The point clouds were then analysed semi‐automatically to determine femoral version angle between a neck axis defined by the bone surface points belonging only to the neck and a femoral condylar axis. The results from the neck fitting method were compared against three other methods typically used in the clinic (Murphy, Reikeras and Lee methods). Version angle measured by the new method gave 19.1°±7.3° (mean ± standard deviation) for the set of cadaveric femurs, 3.5° lower than the Murphy method and 6.8° and 11.0° higher than the Reikeras and Lee 2D methods respectively. The results demonstrate a method of measuring femoral version angle incorporating a high level of automation running on free software. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metric field construction for anisotropic mesh adaptation with application to blood flow simulations
Authors: Sauvage E. , Remacle J. F. , Marchandise E. 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYThe goal of this paper is to generate an anisotropic metric field suitable for cardiovascular geometries before a fluid simulation. Starting from a curvature map, an initial surface metric field is computed. This metric is used for anisotropic surface mesh adaptation and consecutively extended inside the volume in a frontal manner. The algorithm is based on the method proposed by Alauzet but replaces the metric intersection steps by an original metric ‘blending’. This allows for a graded anisotropic volume mesh with a refinement layer close to the walls. The benefits of the resulting mesh are multiple: a reduced number of degrees of freedom, a priori refinement in areas with strong gradients of velocity and automatically increased resolution in regions with high surface curvature.The primal application of this method is in the domain of cardiovascular flows. Flow fields and derived quantities (wall shear stress) through a model bypass around a stenosed artery obtained on an adapted and standard isotropic mesh are compared. In addition, the mesh generation method is tested on a more complex patient‐specific geometry. Values of computed wall shear stress are shown to be close to values obtained on anisotropic Hessian‐adapted mesh, demonstrating the computational efficiency of the approach in comparison with adaptation based on error indicators derived from flow field. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A computational model of drug delivery through microcirculation to compare different tumor treatments
Authors: Cattaneo L. , Zunino P. 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYStarting from the fundamental laws of filtration and transport in biological tissues, we develop a computational model to capture the interplay between blood perfusion, fluid exchange with the interstitial volume, mass transport in the capillary bed, through the capillary walls and into the surrounding tissue. These phenomena are accounted at the microscale level, where capillaries and interstitial volume are viewed as two separate regions. The capillaries are described as a network of vessels carrying blood flow. We apply the model to study drug delivery to tumors. The model can be adapted to compare various treatment options. In particular, we consider delivery using drug bolus injection and nanoparticle injection into the blood stream. The computational approach is suitable for a systematic quantification of the treatment performance, enabling the analysis of interstitial drug concentration levels, metabolization rates and cell surviving fractions. Our study suggests that for the treatment based on bolus injection, the drug dose is not optimally delivered to the tumor interstitial volume. Using nanoparticles as intermediate drug carriers overrides the shortcomings of the previous delivery approach. This work shows that the proposed theoretical and computational framework represents a promising tool to compare the efficacy of different cancer treatments. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.