bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Upregulation of human β-defensin-3 and cathelicidin LL-37 in Kaposi’s sarcoma
Authors: Fathy Hanan , Amin Maha M , El-Gilany Abdel-Hady 
Published: May 2013

Background:Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is a rare neoplasm of lymphatic endothelial cells. Human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8) is considered to be a necessary, but not sufficient causal agent of KS and additional cofactors remain unknown. In this study we evaluated the expression of human β defensin (HBD)-3 and LL-37 in cutaneous lesions of KS in comparison to the healthy skin of normal subjects.Methods:We performed a quantitative immunohistochemical study of HBD-3 and LL-37 on skin lesions from 18 patients having KS, and on healthy skin from 12 normal controls.Results:HBD-3 and LL-37 were significantly upregulated in epidermal and dermal specimens of all KS patients in comparison to normal skin of healthy controls. The immunostaining score of dermal HBD-3 was significantly higher in nodular lesions (9.6 ± 2.4) versus plaque lesions (4.1 ± 2.2), P = 0.001. Also the immunostaining score of dermal LL-37 was significantly higher in nodular lesions versus plaque lesions (P = 0.001).Conclusions:We have demonstrated for the first time that HBD-3 and LL-37 are significantly upregulated in lesional skin of KS in comparison to the skin of healthy controls. The obtained data suggest a possible involvement of these antimicrobial peptides in the pathogenesis of KS. However, the biological significance of HBD-3 and LL-37 in KS lesions needs further research.
Using Higher Doses to Compensate for Tubing Residuals in Extended-Infusion Piperacillin-Tazobactam
Authors: Lam Wendy J , Bhowmick Tanaya , Gross Alan , Vanschooneveld Trevor C , Weinstein Melvin P 
Published: May 2013

OBJECTIVE: To mathematically assess drug losses due to infusion line residuals and evaluate methods to compensate for drug loss due to residual volumes in intravenous pump tubing. DATA SOURCES: Literature was accessed through Ovid MEDLINE (1996-February 2013), using combinations of the search terms tubing residuals, residual volume, residual medication, intravenous infusions, intravenous injections, piperacillin, piperacillin-tazobactam, β-lactams, equipment design, infusion pumps, extended infusion, extended administration, and prolonged infusion. In addition, select reference citations from publications identified were reviewed. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: All articles that involved extended-infusion piperacillin-tazobactam implementation strategies were included in the review. DATA SYNTHESIS: Infusion pump characteristics and tubing residuals can affect extended-infusion piperacillin-tazobactam dosing strategies. Two studies addressing tubing residuals were identified. Both studies recommended increasing infusion volumes to compensate for tubing residuals. One study also recommended decreasing infusion-line dead space by using alternative infusion pump systems. Study calculations suggest that higher doses of piperacillin-tazobactam may be used to account for medication left in tubing residuals if alternative infusion pump systems cannot be obtained, and increased infusion volumes are not an option. CONCLUSIONS: Extended-infusion piperacillin-tazobactam has been used as a method of maximizing pharmacodynamic target attainment. Use of higher doses of piperacillin-tazobactam may be a reasonable method to compensate for drug loss due to residual volumes in large-bore intravenous pump tubing.
Concomitant Administration of Pneumococcal-23 and Zoster Vaccines Provides Adequate Herpes Zoster Coverage
Authors: Wyman Marcia J , Stabi Katie L 
Published: May 2013

OBJECTIVE To determine whether concomitant administration of zoster vaccine and polysaccharide pneumococcal-23 vaccine (PPV23) provides sufficient protection against herpes zoster infections. DATA SOURCES Literature was retrieved through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website, PubMed (inception-February 2013), and Scopus (inception-February 2013) using the key words herpes zoster, pneumococcal, vaccine, concomitant, simultaneous administration, Pneumovax, Zostavax, and barriers. In addition, reference citations from publications were used. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION All English-language articles identified from the data sources were evaluated. Two studies evaluating concomitant and nonconcomitant administration of zoster vaccine and PPV23 were included. DATA SYNTHESIS Current product labeling recommends a 4-week interval between zoster vaccine and PPV23 administration; however, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the CDC promote concomitant administration to prevent a missed opportunity to vaccinate. This has caused confusion among health care professionals regarding the appropriate timing of these vaccines. A randomized trial that evaluated the immunogenicity of zoster vaccine and PPV23 given together versus separated by at least 4 weeks demonstrated that the varicella zoster virus (VZV) antibody levels of concomitant versus nonconcomitant vaccination groups did not meet noninferiority requirements. However, a large retrospective cohort trial that compared the incidence of herpes zoster infections following concomitant versus nonconcomitant administration of PPV23 and zoster vaccine did not find a statistically significant between-group difference. CONCLUSIONS Concomitant administration of zoster vaccine and PPV23 is advocated by the CDC and FDA to improve immunization rates among vaccine-eligible individuals. Since there is no direct evidence that simultaneous administration of zoster vaccine and PPV23 puts patients at increased risk of developing herpes zoster, the vaccines should be given during the same office visit to avoid a missed opportunity to vaccinate against 2 serious diseases.
Effect of Temperature and Frequency on Visco-Elastic Dynamic Response of Asphalt Mixture
Authors: Li Peilong , Ding Zhan , Zhang Zhengqi 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Asphalt mixture is a typical visco-elastic material whose dynamic response has a strong relationship to the test conditions of temperature and loading frequency. To study the dynamic response of asphalt mixture, simple performance test (SPTs) were conducted on three asphalt mixtures for different gradations and binders. The effect of test temperature and loading frequency on dynamic modulus (E*) and phase angle (δ) of asphalt mixtures are investigated. On the basis of discussing the shift factors of dynamic modulus and phase angle, a master curve is obtained. The results indicate the dynamic modulus of asphalt mixtures decreases with either an increase in temperature or a decrease in loading frequency, and the relative shift with decreasing load frequencies becomes less and less. The peak temperature of the phase angle for different loading frequencies is not the same. The dynamic modulus master curve and shift factor can reflect the effect of loading frequency and temperature on material properties, as well as describe fully the visco-elastic properties of asphalt mixture.
A Non-Destructive Evaluation Strategy for Thick Coating Evaluation on Hemispherical Steel Shells of Different Sizes with a Wide-Range ECT Sensor
Authors: Zhang Dongli , Wang Zhaoba , Chen Zhenmao , Li Yong 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The goal of this paper is to develop an effective and high-precision method for thick coating evaluation in hemispherical steel shells of different sizes using eddy current technology. The key problems of the study include limited capability and low measure precision of eddy current sensor for long liftoff evaluation as well as the influence of shell thickness and curvature on liftoff-evaluation precision for coating in different size shells. To solve these problems, a wide-range sensor was proposed and the influence laws of shell sizes on signals were analyzed using a finite element method-boundary element method (FEM-BEM) hybrid program. Finally, a strategy using cubic spline interpolation method and sample database was adopted for thickness evaluation of coating in different size shells, and its applicability was validated by liftoff evaluation results.
Evaluation of Guy Anchorage Strength in Clay for Transmission Tower
Authors: Kongkitkul Warat , Srisakorn Sorawut , Chantachot Thitapan , Youwai Sompote , Jongpradist Pornkasem , Bunjongruksa Chaloempon 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Due to the growth of the economy in Thailand, the electricity transmission system must be regularly maintained so that electricity is effectively and safely distributed for uses in daily life and industries. Natural disasters often cause damage to transmission towers. In addition, some damage has occurred due to vandalisms and soil excavations near transmission towers. Foundation scouring and tilting typically occur at transmission towers. In practice, repair of damage to a transmission tower typically begins with transferring the foundation pressure of the damaged tower to other firm foundation soil using a guy fixed to a guy anchor. The transmission tower is then restored to its original condition. In this study, a series of field anchorage strength tests were performed in the Bangkok metropolitan region which is well-known for its very soft to soft clay deposits. Additionally, Kunzelstab penetration tests were performed to evaluate the undrained shear strengths of the clay with depth at the test locations. The measured ultimate anchorage strengths were then compared with values estimated theoretically on the basis of measured undrained shear strengths. The measured values were found to be approximately 70 % of the theoretical values. This was probably due to the clay disturbance caused by anchor installation. Based on this fact, the ultimate anchorage strengths were then estimated for other clay conditions.
Regelungsentwurf für Windenergieanlagen
Authors: Shan Martin , Fischer Boris , Brosche Philipp 
Published: May 2013

Zusammenfassung
Moderne Windenergieanlagen sind komplexe mechatronische Systeme und bieten aus Sicht der Regelungstechnik eine Vielzahl von Möglichkeiten und Herausforderungen. Eine große Anzahl von Autoren hat sich deshalb in den letzten Jahren dem Entwurf von geeigneten Regelungssystemen für Windenergieanlagen gewidmet. Der vorliegende Überblicksbeitrag versucht, eine Anzahl von relevanten Arbeiten in einen übergreifenden Kontext einzuordnen, bezogen z. B. auf den Einsatz von Mehrgrößenreglern und die besondere Behandlung von periodischen Störsignalen. Darüber hinaus wird ein Ausblick auf zukünftige Entwicklungen wie schwimmende Windenergieanlagen oder Rotorblätter mit verteilten Aktuatoren gegeben.
Robuste Spannungsregelung von Windparks mit Q(U)-Kennlinie
Authors: Hau Melanie 
Published: May 2013

Zusammenfassung
Für den stabilen Betrieb des elektrischen Netzes ist die Spannungsregelung von großer Bedeutung. Sie wird durch eine Vielzahl an Stellgliedern dezentral ausgeführt. Eine Möglichkeit zur Einbindung von Windparks ist die Implementierung einer schnellen Spannungsregelung mit Q(U)-Kennlinie. In diesem Beitrag wird eine solche Regelung entworfen. Sie soll robust sein gegen Änderungen in der Einspeisung und in den Netzeigenschaften, sowie hinsichtlich Änderungen der Totzeiten in der Strecke, welche sich im Betrieb typischerweise ergeben. Der Reglerentwurf erfolgt auf Basis eines Multi-Modell-Ansatzes.
Body iron stores and the risk of type 2 diabetes in middle-aged men
Authors: Aregbesola Alex , Voutilainen Sari , Virtanen Jyrki K , Mursu Jaakko , Tuomainen Tomi-Pekka 
Published: May 2013

ObjectiveWe investigated the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) over a wide range of body iron stores.MethodsProspective cohort of 1613 men in the Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease Risk Factor study, aged 42–60 years, free of T2DM and hereditary hemochromatosis at baseline in 1984–1989. Baseline serum ferritin (sF) and serum-soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) concentrations were used to predict incident T2DM. T2DM was assessed by questionnaires, blood glucose measurements, and medication reimbursement register.ResultsThere were 331 cases of incident T2DM during the mean follow-up of 16.8 years (27 098 person-years). At baseline, subjects who later developed T2DM had average sF concentrations of 191 μg/l (s.d.155) vs 151 μg/l (s.d.119) among those who remained healthy,P<0.001. In a multivariate-adjusted logistic regression, each 100 μg/l increase in sF corresponded to an average of 14% increased (odds ratio=1.14, 95% CI 1.03–1.26,P=0.009) risk of developing T2DM. In a Cox regression, a markedly increased risk of developing T2DM was observed from the fourth sF quintile (185 μg/l, the median) upward (hazard ratio (HR) first vs fifth quintile=1.5, 95% CI 1.0–2.2,P-trend=0.05). In a corresponding Cox model in sTfR, the subjects in the third quintile (1840 μg/l, the median) had the least risk (HR=0.63, 95% CI 0.42–0.97,P=0.04).ConclusionsBody iron within the sF reference range is not an important determinant of T2DM risk, whereas high normal and above is associated with markedly increased risk. Iron depletion toward iron deficiency as assessed by sTfR is not protective against T2DM. A rule of thumb safe range could be 30–200 μg/l of sF.
The Evolution of the Anopheles 16 Genomes Project
Authors: Neafsey Daniel E , Christophides George K , Collins Frank H , Emrich Scott J , Fontaine Michael C , Gelbart William , Hahn Matthew W , Howell Paul I , Kafatos Fotis C , Lawson Daniel , Muskavitch Marc A T , Waterhouse Robert M , Williams Louise J , Besansky Nora J 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
We report the imminent completion of a set of reference genome assemblies for 16 species of Anopheles mosquitoes. In addition to providing a generally useful resource for comparative genomic analyses, these genome sequences will greatly facilitate exploration of the capacity exhibited by some Anopheline mosquito species to serve as vectors for malaria parasites. A community analysis project will commence soon to perform a thorough comparative genomic investigation of these newly sequenced genomes. Completion of this project via the use of short next-generation sequence reads required innovation in both the bioinformatic and laboratory realms, and the resulting knowledge gained could prove useful for genome sequencing projects targeting other unconventional genomes.
Animal Models and Integrated Nested Laplace Approximations
Authors: Holand Anna Marie , Steinsland Ingelin , Martino Sara , Jensen Henrik 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAnimal models are generalized linear mixed models used in evolutionary biology and animal breeding to identify the genetic part of traits. Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation (INLA) is a methodology for making fast, nonsampling-based Bayesian inference for hierarchical Gaussian Markov models. In this article, we demonstrate that the INLA methodology can be used for many versions of Bayesian animal models. We analyze animal models for both synthetic case studies and house sparrow (Passer domesticus) population case studies with Gaussian, binomial, and Poisson likelihoods using INLA. Inference results are compared with results using Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods. For model choice we use difference in deviance information criteria (DIC). We suggest and show how to evaluate differences in DIC by comparing them with sampling results from simulation studies. We also introduce an R package, AnimalINLA, for easy and fast inference for Bayesian Animal models using INLA.
Photosynthetic Reaction Center Immobilization through Carboxylic Acid Terminated\Cytochrome C Linker for Applications in Photoprotein-based Bio-photovoltaic Devices
Authors: Yaghoubi Houman , Jun Daniel , Beatty J. Thomas , Takshi Arash 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTBacterial photosynthetic reaction centers (RCs) are promising materials for solar energy harvesting, due to their high internal quantum efficiency. However, applications of RCs in bio-photovoltaic devices so far show relatively low external power conversion efficiency, mainly due to low efficiency of the charge transfer to the electrode. Preferential orientation of RCs on an electrode’s surface can enhance the charge transfer rate to some extent. Yet, the results of direct coupling of RCs to an Au electrode, through cysteine residues from the H-subunit, revealed that direct electron transfer is not efficient. This work focuses on a different approach to achieve high charge transfer rate between an Au electrode and RC protein complexes by employing cytochrome c (Cyt c)\carboxylic acid-terminated linker molecules. This approach preferentially orients RCs with the primary donor site to the electrode. Furthermore, Cyt c can be considered as a conductive linker, while the charge transfer mechanism through carboxylic acid-terminated linker molecules is dominated by tunneling. The photochronoamperometric results for a two electrode cell setup indicated a 156 nA.cm-2 cathodic photocurrent density; the photocurrent was measured in an electrochemical cell with ubiquinone-10 (Q2) in the electrolyte. Negligible photocurrents were observed in the case of coupled RCs to the Au via cysteine residues on H-subunit, with only Cyt c in the electrolyte. These findings contribute to the design of highly efficient bio-photovoltaic devices.
Updated seismotectonic zoning scheme of Metropolitan France, with reference to geologic and seismotectonic data
Authors: Baize Stéphane , Cushing Edward Marc , Lemeille Francis , Jomard Hervé 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis work presents the seismotectonic zoning scheme of Metropolitan France developed by the IRSN (French Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety) within the framework of its seismic hazard assessment activities. It is the outcome of many years of work following the publication of the “seismotectonic atlas” in 1993 [Grellet et al., 1993].This scheme supports the assessment of seismic hazard by IRSN. It takes into account the most recent data concerning the deep and surface geology, as well as those related to seismotectonics and tectonic activity. It finally includes 67 surface seismotectonic zones (STZ), as well as a catalogue of 74 faults or structures (named hereafter “potential active faults”) for which indications of Neogene to Quaternary displacement can be inferred. The description of the zoning scheme comes along with an estimation of the uncertainty on the boundary location between adjacent STZ. We also qualitatively determine a “relevance order” for each limit, so as to illustrate their reliability to separate regions of different seismogenic potential. Also, we attributed to the faults an indication whose purpose is to reflect the recent character of their activity, and thus their seismotectonic potential.This assessment of uncertainties was undertaken to better integrate the zoning scheme in the general approach, which arises from recent studies, namely the propagation of the uncertainties in seismic hazard evaluation, whether deterministic or probabilistic.
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Authors: Philip Jean 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe discuss the Andreani et al.’s tectonic interpretation of both la Nerthe and L’Etoile ranges, which form the western part of the southern Provence thrust defined by Aubouin and Chorowicz [1967]. Referring to previous works, emphasis is given to the structural independence of the two ranges. The western L’Etoile range is underthrusted beneath the southern La Nerthe tectonic unit along the Graffiane key-area Aptian corridor.In contrast with the autochthonous concept of La Nerthe range by Andreani et al., structural and paleogeographic data are presented, supporting the interpretation of the southern part of the range as an important north-verging thrust emplaced during the Bartonian major tectonic event. This one was followed by a shortening Ludian (Priabonian) event resulting in a strong refolding of the southern La Nerthe structures.Contrary to the Andreani et al’s interpretation, field facts provide evidence that the W-E trending fault systems affecting La Nerthe and L’Etoile ranges have formed during the N-S distensive regime that started from early Rupelian and that was accentuated during late Chattian and Aquitanian. However, stratigraphical and tectonic regional data suggest a Middle Oligocene strike-slip reactivation of the WE trending system faults of La Nerthe range, coeval to north-verging overthrusting and reverse faulting, affecting early Oligocene formations of the neighbouring Marseilles basin.
Prevention and management of radiation-induced dermatitis, mucositis, and xerostomia
Authors: Radvansky Lauren J. , Pace Makala B. , Siddiqui Asif 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Purpose
Current strategies for preventing and managing radiation-induced dermatitis, mucositis, and xerostomia are reviewed, with an emphasis on pharmacologic interventions.

Summary
Nearly two thirds of all patients with cancer receive radiation therapy during the course of treatment, frequently resulting in acute skin and mucosal toxicities. The severity of radiotherapy-associated toxicities varies according to multiple treatment- and patient-related factors (e.g., total radiation dose and dose fractionation schedule, volume of organ or tissue irradiated, use of concurrent versus sequential chemotherapy, comorbid conditions, functional performance status). Three major radiation toxicities encountered in clinical practice are (1) radiation dermatitis, typically managed with a variety of topical agents such as water-based moisturizing creams or lotions, topical steroids, antiinflammatory emulsions, and wound dressings, (2) radiation-induced oral mucositis, which can be managed through proper basic oral care practices, appropriate pain management, and the use of medicated mouthwashes and oral rinses and gels, and (3) radiation-induced xerostomia, which can be alleviated with saliva substitutes, moistening agents, and sialagogues. Pharmacists involved in the care of patients receiving radiotherapy can play an important role in optimizing symptom control, educating patients on self-care strategies, and adverse effect monitoring and reporting.

Conclusion
Radiation-induced dermatitis, mucositis, and xerostomia can cause significant morbidity and diminished quality of life. Pharmacologic interventions for the prevention and treatment of these toxicities include topical agents for dermatitis; oral products, analgesics, and palifermin for mucositis; and amifostine, saliva substitutes, and pilocarpine for xerostomia.