bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Professional identity and role transitions in clinical managers
Authors: Spehar Ivan , Frich Jan C , Kjekshus Lars Erik 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate how clinicians’ professional background influences their transition into the managerial role and identity as clinical managers.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors interviewed and observed 30 clinicians in managerial positions in Norwegian hospitals.

Findings
– A central finding was that doctors experienced difficulties in reconciling the role as health professional with the role as manager. They maintained a health professional identity and reported to find meaning and satisfaction from clinical work. Doctors also emphasized clinical work as a way of gaining legitimacy and respect from medical colleagues. Nurses recounted a faster and more positive transition into the manager role, and were more fully engaged in the managerial aspects of the role.

Practical implications
– The authors advance that health care organizations need to focus on role, identity and need satisfaction when recruiting and developing clinicians to become clinical managers.

Originality/value
– The study suggests that the inclusion of aspects from identity and need satisfaction literature expands on and enriches the study of clinical managers.
Psychological contract breach among allied health professionals
Authors: Rodwell John , Gulyas Andre 
Published: May 2015

Purpose– Allied health professionals are vital for effective healthcare yet there are continuing shortages of these employees. Building on work with other healthcare professionals, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of psychological contract (PC) breach and types of organisational justice on variables important to retention among allied health professionals: mental health and organisational commitment. The potential effects of justice on the negative outcomes of breach were examined.Design/methodology/approach– Multiple regressions analysed data from 113 allied health professionals working in a medium-large Australian healthcare organisation.Findings– The main negative impacts on respondents’ mental health and commitment were from high PC breach, low procedural and distributive justice and less respectful treatment from organisational representatives. The interaction between procedural justice and breach illustrates that breach may be forgivable if processes are fair. Surprisingly, a betrayal or “aggravated breach effect” may occur after a breach when interpersonal justice is high. Further, negative affectivity was negatively related to respondents’ mental health (affective outcomes) but not commitment (work-related attitude).Practical implications– Healthcare organisations should ensure the fairness of decisions and avoid breaking promises within their control. If promises cannot reasonably be kept, transparency of processes behind the breach may allow allied health professionals to understand that the organisation did not purposefully fail to fulfil expectations.Originality/value– This study offers insights into how breach and four types of justice interact to influence employee mental health and work attitudes among allied health professionals.
Mediators of transformational leadership and the work-family relationship
Authors: Hammond Michelle , Cleveland Jeanette N. , O'Neill John W. , Stawski Robert S. , Jones Tate April 
Published: May 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the ways in which leaders influence follower’s work-life management. Specifically, the authors propose that personal (positive affect), social (managerial support for work-family balance), and job (autonomy) resources mediate the relationships between transformational leadership and work-family conflict (WFC) and enrichment.Design/methodology/approach– The sample included 411 managers in 37 hotel properties across the USA.Findings– The relationship between TL and WFC was mediated by autonomy, positive affect and managerial support for work-family balance, whereas the relationship between TL and WFE was mediated by managerial support for work-family balance and positive affect.Research limitations/implications– This study constructs a foundation for future integration of leadership and work and family literatures. It also provides preliminary support for work-family enrichment theory (Greenhaus and Powell, 2006), as well as the value of examining leadership through a resource-based perspective.Practical implications– Interventions designed to enhance leadership may be effective not only in the workplace, but also for reducing WFC and promoting enrichment.Originality/value– This study is the first to directly examine the effect of transformational leadership and both WFC and enrichment. Further, it specifies mediating variables that underlie these relationships.
Workplace romances: examining attitudes experience, conscientiousness, and policies
Authors: Doll Jessica L. , Rosopa Patrick J. 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate whether employee attitudes, prior engagement in workplace romances, conscientiousness, and organizational policies predicted the willingness to engage in workplace romances.

Design/methodology/approach
– In total, 148 full-time employees completed an online survey measuring antecedents of workplace romances. Participants were also randomly assigned to read vignettes that varied the strictness of organizational workplace romance policies. Then, participants completed measures of their willingness to engage in a workplace romance.

Findings
– Favorable attitudes about, and prior engagement in, workplace romances were positively related to the willingness to engage in a workplace romance. Prior engagement in workplace romances and conscientiousness were both related to attitudes about workplace romances. Additionally, the interaction between conscientiousness and organizational workplace romance policies significantly predicted the willingness to engage in a workplace romance.

Research limitations/implications
– The current study used hypothetical scenarios and a convenience sample to collect data, which may affect the study’s external validity.

Practical implications
– Organizations grappling with the issue of workplace romances should consider how employee characteristics may interact with policies regulating workplace romances.

Originality/value
– This study is the first to examine the links between both prior engagement in workplace romances and personality variables (i.e. conscientiousness) and their relation to the willingness to engage in workplace romances. In addition, this is the first experimental study to examine the interaction between personality (i.e. conscientiousness) and organizational policy in predicting the willingness to engage workplace romances.
The impact of business strategy on leadership
Authors: Marx Thomas G. 
Published: May 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to test the proposition that business strategy affects leadership functions, skills, traits, and styles, and to assess the implications of these effects for the practice of both leadership and strategic planning.Design/methodology/approach– This is an empirical study based on over 450 responses to an online survey. Continuous rating scales allowed the use of regression analysis to test the impacts of different strategies on leadership.Findings– The results provide strong empirical evidence that Product (Differentiation vs Low Cost strategies), Best Value, and Blue Ocean strategies have significant effects on leadership. Market strategies (Broad vs Niche strategies) have limited impacts. The greater complexity of Product, Best Value, and Blue Ocean strategies underlie these findings.Research limitations/implications– This study explores the effects of strategy on leadership. Future studies need to explore if these effects are moderated by external, competitive conditions, and if strategy mediates the impacts of leadership on organizational performance.Practical implications– The practical implications of these findings are that leaders must adjust their behavior and leadership styles to effectively implement alternative strategies, and planners must assess their organization’s leadership capabilities when formulating strategy.Originality/value– There have been numerous studies of the impacts of external/internal conditions on leadership, but this is one of the first studies of the critical impacts of strategy on leadership.
A comparative perspective of knowledge management via social media: India and China
Authors: Liu Michelle , Rao Pramila 
Published: May 2015

Purpose– This research paper aims to showcase current knowledge management (KM) practices via social media that is being adopted by organizations in India and China. India and China are considered leading economies in today’s global market. Any understanding of management practices in these countries will help practitioners in doing businesses in these nations.Design/methodology/approach– This conceptual paper analyzes KM practices in India and China using an in-depth analysis of the extant literature to provide a comparative perspective of KM policies in these two economies. This paper has used a wide range of scholarly and non-scholarly databases from ABI Global Inform to Business Source Complete to Google Scholar among others.Findings– This research offers valuable insights into characteristic KM trends followed by Indian and Chinese firms. This paper also highlights different approaches adopted by these two cultures in managing their KM practices. The study also provides hypotheses that can be tested by potential scholars. This paper also offers theoretical models to understand this concept better.Practical implications– This paper also provides implications for practice by identifying guidelines for global managers. These frameworks might serve as preliminary parameters for practitioners planning to establish KM practices in India and China.Originality/value– This paper compares and contrasts KM practices in one of the two largest BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India and China) economies which have not been addressed in the literature before. It also combines two theoretical frameworks from different fields (information technology and human resource management) providing a richer viewpoint on the subject.
B‐type natriuretic peptide and heart failure: what can we learn from clinical trials?
Authors: Binoun‐A‐Egom Christian , Andreas Angelo , Klimas Jan , Valentova Vanda , Kruzliak Peter , Egom Emmanuel E 
Published: May 2015

SummaryThe B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) may favour natriuresis and diuresis, making it an ideal drug to aid in diuresing a fluid‐overloaded patient with poor or worsening renal function. Several randomized clinical trials have tested the hypothesis that infusions of pharmacological doses of BNP to acute heart failure (HF) patients may enhance decongestion and preserve renal function in this clinical setting. Unfortunately, none of these has resulted in a better outcome. The current challenge for BNP research in acute HF lies in a failure of concept and reluctance to abandon a demonstrably ineffectual research model. Future success will necessitate a detailed understanding of the mechanism of action of BNP as well as a better integration of basic and clinical science.
Inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase counteracts the development of renal dysfunction and progression of congestive heart failure in Ren‐2 transgenic hypertensive rats with aorto‐caval fistula
Authors: Červenka Luděk , Melenovský Vojtěch , Husková Zuzana , Škaroupková Petra , Nishiyama Akira , Sadowski Janusz 
Published: May 2015

SummaryThe detailed mechanisms determining the course of congestive heart failure (CHF) in hypertensive subjects with associated renal dysfunction remain unclear. In Ren‐2 transgenic rats (TGR), a model of angiotensin II (ANG II)‐dependent hypertension, CHF was induced by volume overload achieved by creation of the aorto‐caval fistula (ACF). In these rats we investigated the putative pathophysiological contribution of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and compared it with the role of the renin‐angiotensin system (RAS). We found that untreated ACF TGR exhibited marked intrarenal and myocardial deficiency of EETs and impairment of renal function. Chronic treatment of these rats with cis‐4‐[4‐(3‐adamantan‐1‐yl‐ureido)cyclohexyloxy]benzoic acid (c‐AUCB, 3 mg/L in drinking water), an inhibitor of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) which normally degrades EETs, increased intrarenal and myocardial EETs, markedly improved survival rate, and increased renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate and fractional sodium excretion, without altering RAS activity. Chronic angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibition (ACEi) with trandolapril, (6 mg/L in drinking water) improved survival rate even more, and also inhibited the development of renal dysfunction; these beneficial actions were associated with significant suppression of the vasoconstrictor/sodium retaining axis and further activation of the vasodilatory/natriuretic axis of the systemic and intrarenal RAS, without modifying tissue availability of biologically active fatty acid epoxides. In conclusion, these findings strongly suggest that chronic sEH inhibition and chronic treatment with ACEi, each of them altering a different vasoactive system, delay or even prevent the onset of decompensation of CHF in ACF TGR, probably by preventing the development of renal dysfunction.
The dynamic cerebral autoregulatory adaptive response to noradrenaline is attenuated during systemic inflammation in humans
Authors: Berg Ronan MG , Plovsing Ronni R , Bailey Damian M , Holstein‐Rathlou Niels‐Henrik , Møller Kirsten 
Published: May 2015

SummaryVasopressor support is used widely for maintaining vital organ perfusion pressure in septic shock, with implications for dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA). This study investigated whether a noradrenaline‐induced steady state increase in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) would enhance dCA following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) infusion, a human‐experimental model of the systemic inflammatory response during early sepsis. The dCA in eight healthy males was examined prior to and during an intended noradrenaline‐induced MAP increase of approximately 30 mmHg. This was performed at baseline and repeated after a 4‐h intravenous LPS infusion. The assessments of dCA were based on transfer function analysis of spontaneous oscillations between MAP and middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity measured by transcranial Doppler ultrasound in the low frequency range (0.07–0.20 Hz). Prior to LPS, noradrenaline administration was associated with a decrease in gain (1.18 (1.12–1.35) vs 0.93 (0.87–0.97) cm/mmHg per s; P < 0.05) with no effect on phase (0.71 (0.93–0.66) vs 0.94 (0.81–1.10) radians; P = 0.58). After LPS, noradrenaline administration changed neither gain (0.91 (0.85–1.01) vs 0.87 (0.81–0.97) cm/mmHg per s; P = 0.46) nor phase (1.10 (1.04–1.30) vs 1.37 (1.23–1.51) radians; P = 0.64). The improvement of dCA to a steady state increase in MAP is attenuated during an LPS‐induced systemic inflammatory response. This may suggest that vasopressor treatment with noradrenaline offers no additional neuroprotective effect by enhancing dCA in patients with early sepsis.
Stressed SIRT7: facing a crossroad of senescence and immortality
Authors: Liu Jun‐Ping , Chen Ruping 
Published: May 2015

SummarySIRT7 with coenzyme NAD catalyzes protein de‐acetylation. In stress response, SIRT7 regulates protein folding in mitochondria with unknown mechanisms. Decreases in SIRT7 entrain hematopoietic stem cell senescence, but increasing SIRT7 causes elevation of hematopoietic stem cell regenerative function. We discuss the recent findings on SIRT7 and its binding proteins, NRF1 and GABPβ1, in decision making between the choices of inducing cell aging and immortality.
Natural triploid Lilium leichtlinii var. maximowiczii populations in Korea
Authors: Kim Jong Hwa , Truong Nguyen Xuan , Song Ye‐Su , Kim Nam‐Soo 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTo clarify the ploidy and distribution of Lilium leichtlinii var. maximowiczii populations in Korea, we inspected several mountains and northern valleys and almost all of the sea coast of South Korea. We found nine diploid populations and 19 triploid populations. Many large and small populations were distributed around northern Chungcheongbook‐do and Gyunggi‐do and all over Kangwon‐do. The diploid plants were smaller than the triploid plants in almost all of their morphological characteristics. This is the second report of natural polyploid complexes of diploids and triploids in the genus Lilium.
Early rhizosphere microbiome composition is related to the growth and Zn uptake of willows introduced to a former landfill
Authors: Bell Terrence H. , Cloutier‐Hurteau Benoît , Al‐Otaibi Fahad , Turmel Marie‐Claude , Yergeau Etienne , Courchesne François , St‐Arnaud Marc 
Published: May 2015

SummaryAlthough plants introduced for site restoration are pre‐selected for specific traits (e.g. trace element bioaccumulation, rapid growth in poor soils), the in situ success of these plants likely depends on the recruitment of appropriate rhizosphere microorganisms from their new environment. We introduced three willow (Salix spp.) cultivars to a contaminated landfill, and performed soil chemical analyses, plant measurements, and Ion Torrent sequencing of rhizospheric fungal and bacterial communities at 4 and 16 months post‐planting. The abundance of certain dominant fungi was linked to willow accumulation of Zn, the most abundant trace element at the site. Interestingly, total Zn accumulation was better explained by fungal community structure 4 months post‐planting than 16 months post‐planting, suggesting that initial microbial recruitment may be critical. In addition, when the putative ectomycorrhizal fungi Sphaerosporella brunnea and Inocybe sp. dominated the rhizosphere 4 months post‐planting, Zn accumulation efficiency was negatively correlated with fungal diversity. Although field studies such as this rely on correlation, these results suggest that the soil microbiome may have the greatest impact on plant function during the early stages of growth, and that plant–fungus specificity may be essential.
Environmentally co‐occurring mercury resistance plasmids are genetically and phenotypically diverse and confer variable context‐dependent fitness effects
Authors: Hall James P.J. , Harrison Ellie , Lilley Andrew K. , Paterson Steve , Spiers Andrew J. , Brockhurst Michael A. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryPlasmids are important mobile elements that can facilitate genetic exchange and local adaptation within microbial communities. We compared the sequences of four co‐occurring pQBR family environmental mercury resistance plasmids and measured their effects on competitive fitness of a Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 host, which was isolated at the same field site. Fitness effects of carriage differed between plasmids and were strongly context dependent, varying with medium, plasmid status of competitor and levels of environmental mercury. The plasmids also varied widely in their rates of conjugation and segregational loss. We found that few of the plasmid‐borne accessory genes could be ascribed functions, although we identified a putative chemotaxis operon, a type IV pilus‐encoding cluster and a region encoding putative arylsulfatase enzymes, which were conserved across geographically distant isolates. One plasmid, pQBR55, conferred the ability to catabolize sucrose. Transposons, including the mercury resistance Tn5042, appeared to have been acquired by different pQBR plasmids by recombination, indicating an important role for horizontal gene transfer in the recent evolution of pQBR plasmids. Our findings demonstrate extensive genetic and phenotypic diversity among co‐occurring members of a plasmid community and suggest a role for environmental heterogeneity in the maintenance of plasmid diversity.
Phytoplankton pigment biomarkers: HPLC separation using a pentafluorophenyloctadecyl silica column
Authors: Sanz Noelia , García‐Blanco Ana , Gavalás‐Olea Antonio , Loures Patricia , Garrido José L. 
Published: May 2015

Summary

The use of pigment data to map microalgal populations in natural waters has become an established and convenient way of studying phytoplankton. However, the chromatographic analysis of algal pigments is a major challenge due to the diversity of molecules spanning a wide range of polarities, but also including many that have closely similar chemical structures. Among these sets of compounds of similar structure, the separation of mono and divinylic pairs of chlorophylls is of particular importance due to their relevance as chemotaxonomical biomarkers.

In this work, we have taken advantage of the special type of solute–stationary phase interactions provided by pentafluorophenyl phases together with the high retention values resulting from an octadecyl spacer in the column to develop a method for the joined analysis of chlorophylls and carotenoids. The mobile phase contains organic solvents of low toxicity, methanol and ethanol and ammonium acetate buffer, in a simple binary elution gradient.

More than seventy photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls, carotenes and xanthophylls) can be determined in the same chromatographic analysis employing the method here presented. The complete resolution of mono and divinylic forms of chlorophylls a, b and c is achieved in less than 42 min. The same analysis allows the separation of most chemotaxonomically important carotenoids, including positional isomers.

The method can successfully be applied to the characterization of the pigment composition of members of different classes in the main chloroplast lineages (red and green) of the evolution of photosynthetic eukaryotes, in the study of biosynthetic processes of chlorophylls and especially in the description of plankton populations in natural waters. It is particularly suited for the simultaneous detection of green algae and the cyanobacteria of outstanding global importance Prochlorococcus marinus.