bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Titrisation des emprunts hypothécaires et bulle immobilière aux États-Unis : les origines d’une débâcle
Authors: Bouzid Béchir 
Published: April 2013

Mortgage Securitization and Housing Bubble in the United States
The unprecedented growth of the mortgage credit securitization mechanisms often granted by the financial institutions to high-risk borrowers was at the heart of the housing bubble that developed in the U. S. market earlier this decade. The euphoria of the economic agents and their (ir)rational expectations that the real estate prices will continue to increase forever have contributed to sustain such a growth. The housing bubble that followed was therefore the result of these self-fulfilling expectations. In this paper we try, based on the study of certain technical and behavioral aspects of the interaction that exists between the financial sphere and the real estate market to better understand the root causes of the recent crisis. The empirical contribution of this work completes this analysis by trying to assess the long-term relationship between the variables included in the general equilibrium model of the U.S. real estate market in order to determine their respective roles in triggering, maintaining and later on in the bursting of the housing bubble.
Classification JEL : G01, G21, R21, R31.
L’habillage de portefeuille par les gérants de fonds dans la littérature : incitations, effets et risques
Authors: Le Quéré Françoise 
Published: April 2013

Window Dressing by Fund Managers in the Literature : Incentives, Effects and Risks
The aim of this study is to examine the different ways in which the academic literature approaches the practice of window dressing. This study shows that window dressing is rather mentioned in literature as an assumption explaining seasonal volatility at the end and the beginning of the year, rather than to explain it for itself. We try nevertheless to introduce the incentives that can motivate some fund managers to window dress their portfolios. The agency theory enables to understand why fund managers have incentives to window dress their portfolios before the disclosure of holdings to final investors. The practice of window dressing has several implications. For investors, the practice of window dressing alters information relating to the composition of funds. Window dressing also implies different costs producing a negative impact on the performance of funds. At the level of financial markets, it is generally admitted that window dressing contributes to the turn-of-the-year effect ; we thus examine in the paper the link between window dressing and seasonal volatility.
Classification JEL : D82, G10, G11, G20, G23.
Questions d'intuition
Authors: Bajrić Samir 
Published: April 2013

Samir Bajric : Linguistic analysis of intuition.
This paper deals with the linguistic analysis of intuition (the immediate understanding of something without conscious reasoning or study). The theoretical framework is Gustave Guillaume's psychomechanics of language and mental approaches in the linguistics. However, the greatest influence of philosophy upon this topic is found in L. Wittgenstein's and H. Bergson's works.
This is done by observing a great number of circumstances within the context of the intuitive understanding and statement. Three main issues are discussed : intuition of statement, heunstic intuition and analogical intuition. In cases where the (strictly) grammatical patterns have not been preserved, the intuitive approach has been identified.
Ultrasound Imaging of Gestational Trophoblastic Disease
Authors: Tie Wayne , Tajnert Kathrene 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT
Gestational trophoblastic diseases (GTD) comprise several entities which all arise due to abnormal growth of trophoblastic cells of the placenta. These disease processes range from benign to malignant. GTD are classified as complete hydatidiform mole, partial mole, invasive mole and choriocarcinoma. The imaging of choice for detecting trophoblastic disease is B-mode ultrasonography and color Doppler. When ultrasonography corresponds with the classic clinical presentation, accurate diagnosis is possible in a majority of cases of GTD. This article goes through several cases of GTD. Each case will demonstrate and review the principles of ultrasound diagnosis of different forms of GTD and apply it to the presented case studies. With early and accurate diagnosis with the help of ultrasonography, the cure rate for GTD is high.

How to cite this article
Tie W, Tajnert K, Plavsic SK. Ultrasound Imaging of Gestational Trophoblastic Disease. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2013;7(1):105-112.
Does Inflation Harm Corporate Investment? Empirical Evidence from OECD Countries
Authors: Ciżkowicz Piotr , Rzońca Andrzej 
Published: April 2013

AbstractTheoretical models point at various channels of the impact of inflation on corporate investment. This article attempts to answer the question what the direction and strength of this possible impact is, examining the relationship between corporate investment and inflation on the sample of 21 OECD countries in the years 1960–2005. The obtained negative relationship, statistically and economically significant, proves robust to changes in the specification of the estimated equation, estimators, frequency of variables used in the study and analysed period. Moreover, the obtained results suggest a nonlinear character of this relationship: the marginal effect on corporate investment is higher at inflation rates between 3 and 5.5 per cent. These results suggest that the impact of inflation on corporate investment dynamics may be the source of the nonlinear nature of the relationship between GDP growth and inflation identified in previous empirical studies. Finally, taking into account the direct impact of inflation on investment, variables approximating the cost of capital utilisation prove to be statistically insignificant determinants of corporate investment.
Identification and Determination of the Major Triterpenes in Rhizoma Alismatis by HPLC-Evaporative Light Scattering Detection and HPLC/Electrospray Ionization-MSn
Authors: Chen Lin-Lin , Hu Zheng-Fang , Ding Xiao-Ping , Qi Jin , Zhu Dan-Ni , Yu Bo-Yang 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
A simple and reliable HPLC–evaporative light scattering detection method was established for the determination of seven triterpenes in Rhizoma Alismatis, a commonly used herbal medicine. HPLC coupled with electrospray ionization-MS was applied to identify the triterpenes. The positive ion mode was used in MS detection, and the fragmentation patterns of the analytes were proposed. The quantitative method was validated for linearity, sensitivity, precision, and accuracy. All calibration curves showed good linearity (r2 &gt; 0.9943) within the test ranges. This method showed good reproducibility with intraday and interday variations of less than 3.39 and 5.20%, respectively. The mean recoveries ranged from 96.06 to 103.5%. The proposed method was successfully applied for the quantitative analysis of the triterpenes in samples from four different habitats. The results indicated great variation of the contents of these components among the samples, and the developed assay could be considered as a suitable quality evaluation method for Rhizoma Alismatis.
An RP-HPLC-UV Method with SPE for Cefotaxime in All-in-One Total Parenteral Nutritional Admixtures: Application to Stability Studies
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Shahid , Bahari Mohd Baidi , Darwis Yusrida , Iqbal Muhammad Zahid , Hayat Amer , Gantala Venkatesh 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
A simple and selective RP-HPLC-UV method with SPE was developed and validated for the quantification of cefotaxime in all-in-one total parenteral nutrition (AIO-TPN) admixtures. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a 5 μm particle size C18 DB column (250 × 4.6 mm id) using the mobile phase ammonium acetate (25 mM, pH 4.0)–50% acetonitrile in methanol (80 + 20, v/v). The flow rate was 0.9 mL/min and the detection wavelength was 254 nm. The analyte was extracted from AIO-TPN admixtures by means of an SPE method. The cefotaxime calibration curve was linear over a concentration range of 100–1400 μg/mL with a correlation coefficient of ≥0.9994. The intraday accuracy and precision for cefotaxime were ≤–3.15 and ≤3.08%, respectively, whereas the interday accuracy and precision were ≤–2.48 and ≤2.25%, respectively. The method was successfully applied to stability studies of cefotaxime in the presence of micronutrients together with low and high concentrations of macronutrients in AIO-TPN admixtures. Cefotaxime was degraded by 13.00 and 26.05% at room temperature (25 ± 2°C) after 72 h in low and high macronutrient concentration formulations of AIO-TPN admixtures, respectively. The values of cefotaxime degradation rates for low and high macronutrient concentration formulations of AIO-TPN admixtures were –0.164 and –0.353, respectively. These results indicated that there was higher rate of degradation in the AIO-TPN admixture formulations containing high concentrations of macronutrients.
Validated Stability-Indicating Methods for the Simultaneous Determination of Amiloride Hydrochloride, Atenolol, and Chlorthalidone Using HPTLC and HPLC with Photodiode Array Detector
Authors: Youssef Rasha M , Maher Hadir M , El-Kimary Eman I , Hassan Ekram M , Barary Magda H 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Two stability-indicating chromatographic methods are described for simultaneous determination of amiloride hydrochloride (AMI), atenolol (ATE), and chlorthalidone (CHL) in combined dosage forms. The first method was based on HPTLC separation of the three drugs followed by densitometric measurements of their bands at 274 nm. The separation was carried out on Merck HPTLC silica gel 60F254 aluminum sheets using chloroform–methanol–ammonia 27%, w/w (9 + 2 + 0.3, v/v/v) mobile phase. Analysis data was used for the linear regression graph in the range of 0.1–0.5, 0.8–5.0, and 0.3–1.5 μg/band for AMI, ATE, and CHL, respectively. The second method was based on an RP-HPLC separation of the cited drugs performed on an RP stainless steel C18 analytical column (250 × 4.6 mm id) with a gradient elution system of methanol and 0.05 M aqueous phosphate buffer adjusted to pH 4 as the mobile phase, at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Quantitation was achieved with photodiode array detection at 275 nm for AMI and 225 nm for ATE and CHL. The calibration graphs for each drug were rectilinear in the range of 2–50, 25–150, and 2–100 μg/mL for AMI, ATE, and CHL, respectively. The proposed chromatographic methods were successfully applied for determination of the investigated drugs in pharmaceutical preparations. Both methods were validated in compliance with International Conference on Harmonization guidelines in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness, LOD, and LOQ.
Montréal, foyer de la vie culturelle au Canada français durant la première moitié du XXe siècle. Domination et résistance
Authors: Saint-Jacques Denis 
Published: April 2013

L’article veut poser quelques balises autour de la question de l’évolution de « la vie culturelle à Montréal durant la première moitié du xxe siècle ». Il cherche à en problématiser trois éléments fondamentaux : premièrement, l’objet lui-même, deuxièmement, l’espace en cause et, troisièmement, la périodisation. Dans le premier cas se pose la question du sens à donner à « vie culturelle » et de l’étendue des pratiques que nous y avons reconnues comme un même ensemble. Dans le deuxième, il s’agit de comprendre par quelles voies complexes un nouveau foyer, urbain, Montréal, s’affirme comme pôle culturel homogénéisateur au Canada français au détriment de pratiques antérieures dispersées sur un territoire plus large. Dans le troisième, la visée concerne l’explicitation des limites temporelles qui peuvent servir à circonscrire ce mouvement et, en particulier, à comprendre pourquoi des tendances reconnues dès la fin du xixe siècle n’arrivent vraiment à réalisation qu’un demi-siècle plus tard, durant les années 1940.
Enjeux de la constitution et de l’exploitation de bases de données en sociologie de l’art et de la culture
Authors: Dozo Björn-Olav , Lapointe Olivier 
Published: April 2013

Cet article présente certains enjeux spécifiques à la mobilisation de bases de données dans des projets de recherche en sociologie de l’art et de la culture. À partir de trois exemples concrets en histoire du livre (« Base de données des métiers du livre au Québec »), en sociologie de l’art (« Base des prix artistiques au Québec dans l’entre-deux-guerres ») et en études littéraires (« Base de données sur les figurations romanesques de la vie littéraire au xixe et xxe siècles »), il décrit les questions soulevées par ces usages particuliers de bases de données et les exploitations potentielles qu’elles permettent. Il offre aussi une réflexion générale sur la constitution et la normalisation de bases de données dans ces domaines.
Management of Incidental Findings in Clinical Genomic Sequencing
Authors: Krier Joel B. , Green Robert C. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractGenomic sequencing is becoming accurate, fast, and inexpensive, and is rapidly being incorporated into clinical practice. Incidental findings, which result in large numbers from genomic sequencing, are a potential barrier to the utility of this new technology due to their high prevalence and the lack of evidence or guidelines available to guide their clinical interpretation. This unit reviews the definition, classification, and management of incidental findings from genomic sequencing. The unit focuses on the clinical aspects of handling incidental findings, with an emphasis on the key role of clinical context in defining incidental findings and determining their clinical relevance and utility. Curr. Protoc. Hum. Genet. 77:9.23.1‐9.23.13. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Optimization of the conductivity and yield of chemically synthesized polyaniline using a design of experiments
Authors: Jelmy E. Johny , Ramakrishnan S. , Devanathan Sriram , Rangarajan Murali , Kothurkar Nikhil K. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTThe electrical conductivity and yield of polyaniline (PANi) were optimized using a design of experiments (DOE). PANi samples were synthesized by the chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline using methane sulfonic acid as the dopant acid and ammonium persulfate as the oxidant. The main factors in the synthesis of PANi that can affect the conductivity were identified as (i) the concentration of dopant acid, (ii) oxidant‐to‐monomer ratio, and (iii) the addition rate of oxidant to monomer. Using a Box‐Behnken DOE method the regression equation, main effects plots, contour plots, and optimization plots for conductivity and yield were generated and analyzed. Under the optimized conditions of dopant acid concentration of 0.9M, an oxidant addition rate of 30 mL/h and an OM ratio of 0.9, PANi with a conductivity of 1.95 S/cm and yield of 95% was obtained. The observed trends in the four‐point probe conductivity measurements were correlated with the polymer structure using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction studies, and scanning electron microscopy. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 1047‐1057, 2013
Assessment of recurrence and complications following uncomplicated diverticulitis
Authors: Buchs N C , Konrad-Mugnier B , Jannot A-S , Poletti P-A , Ambrosetti P , Gervaz P 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Background
The natural history of sigmoid diverticulitis has been inferred from population-based or retrospective studies. This study assessed the risk of a recurrent attack following the first episode of uncomplicated diverticulitis.

Methods
Patients admitted between January 2007 and December 2011 with a first episode of uncomplicated sigmoid diverticulitis confirmed on computed tomography were enrolled in this prospective study. After successful medical management of the first episode, follow-up was conducted through yearly telephone interviews. Cox proportional hazards regression was performed to model the impact of various parameters on eventual recurrences and complications.

Results
During a median follow-up of 24 (range 3–63) months, 46 (16·4 per cent) of 280 patients experienced a second episode of diverticulitis. Six patients (2·1 per cent) subsequently developed complicated diverticulitis and four (1·4 per cent) underwent emergency surgery for peritonitis. In multivariable analysis, a raised serum level of C-reactive protein (over 240 mg/l) during the first attack was associated with early recurrence (hazard ratio 1·75, 95 per cent confidence interval 1·04 to 2·94; P = 0·035).

Conclusion
Uncomplicated sigmoid diverticulitis follows a benign course with few recurrences and little need for emergency surgery. Registration number: NCT01015378 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
U.S. Community Colleges and a Response to the Arab Spring
Authors: Shumaker John W. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe tumultuous events of the Arab Spring have challenged higher education systems throughout the Middle East and North Africa to become more responsive to citizens who are impatient for change. Community colleges in the United States can play a vital role in supporting much‐needed reforms. This article looks at the possibilities and the challenges that community colleges in the United States must anticipate as they develop new partnerships in the region.
Autocatalytic Intermolecular versus Intramolecular Deprotonation in CH Bond Activation of Functionalized Arenes by Ruthenium(II) or Palladium(II) Complexes
Authors: Fabre Indira , von Wolff Niklas , Le Duc Gaëtan , Ferrer Flegeau Emmanuel , Bruneau Christian , Dixneuf Pierre H. , Jutand Anny 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe activation of the CH bond of 1‐phenylpyrazole (2) and 2‐phenyl‐2‐oxazoline (3) by [Ru(OAc)2(p‐cymene)] is an autocatalytic process catalyzed by the co‐product HOAc. The reactions are indeed faster in the presence of acetic acid and water but slower in the presence of a base K2CO3. A reactivity order is established in the absence of additives: 2‐phenylpyridine>2‐phenyl‐2‐oxazoline>1‐phenylpyrazole (at RT). The accelerating effect of added acetate ions reveals an intermolecular deprotonation after CH bond activation by a cationic RuII center (SE3 mechanism). The reactions of 1‐phenylpyrazole and 2‐phenyl‐2‐oxazoline first lead to the neutral cyclometalated complexes A2 and A3 ligated by one acetate. The latter dissociate to the cationic complexes B2+ and B3+, respectively, and acetate. A slow incorporation of one or two D atoms into 2, 3, and 2‐phenylpyridine (1) was observed in the presence of deuterated acetic acid. The “reversibility” of the CH bond activation/deprotonation takes place from the cationic complexes Bn+ (n=1–3). They are also involved in oxidative additions to PhI, which are rate‐determining and lead to the mono‐ and bis‐phenylated products at high temperatures. A general mechanism is proposed for the arylation of arenes 1–3 catalyzed by [Ru(OAc)2(p‐cymene)]. In contrast, the reaction of Pd(OAc)2 with 2‐phenylpyridine (1), is much faster: Pd(OAc)2>[Ru(OAc)2(p‐cymene)]. Since the kinetics is not affected by added acetates, the reaction proceeds through a CMD mechanism assisted by a ligated acetate (intramolecular process) and is irreversible. A bis‐cyclometalated PdII^PdII dimer D′1 is formed whose bielectronic electrochemical oxidation leads to a [PdIII^PdIII]2+ dimer, in agreement with the result of a reported chemical oxidation used in arene functionalizations catalyzed by Pd(OAc)2.
Targeting the Substrate Binding Site of E. coli Nitrile Reductase QueF by Modeling, Substrate and Enzyme Engineering
Authors: Wilding Birgit , Winkler Margit , Petschacher Barbara , Kratzer Regina , Egger Sigrid , Steinkellner Georg , Lyskowski Andrzej , Nidetzky Bernd , Gruber Karl , Klempier Norbert 
Published: April 2013

AbstractNitrile reductase QueF catalyzes the reduction of 2‐amino‐5‐cyanopyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidin‐4‐one (preQ0) to 2‐amino‐5‐aminomethylpyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidin‐4‐one (preQ1) in the biosynthetic pathway of the hypermodified nucleoside queuosine. It is the only enzyme known to catalyze a reduction of a nitrile to its corresponding primary amine and could therefore expand the toolbox of biocatalytic reactions of nitriles. To evaluate this new oxidoreductase for application in biocatalytic reactions, investigation of its substrate scope is prerequisite. We report here an investigation of the active site binding properties and the substrate scope of nitrile reductase QueF from Escherichia coli. Screenings with simple nitrile structures revealed high substrate specificity. Consequently, binding interactions of the substrate to the active site were identified based on a new homology model of E. coli QueF and modeled complex structures of the natural and non‐natural substrates. Various structural analogues of the natural substrate preQ0 were synthesized and screened with wild‐type QueF from E. coli and several active site mutants. Two amino acid residues Cys190 and Asp197 were shown to play an essential role in the catalytic mechanism. Three non‐natural substrates were identified and compared to the natural substrate regarding their specific activities by using wild‐type and mutant nitrile reductase.
Chemisorption of Exchange‐Coupled [Ni2L(dppba)]+ Complexes on Gold by Using Ambidentate 4‐(Diphenylphosphino)benzoate Co‐Ligands
Authors: Golecki Matthias , Lach Jochen , Jeremies Alexander , Lungwitz Frank , Fronk Michael , Salvan Georgeta , Zahn Dietrich R. T. , Park Jaena , Krupskaya Yulia , Kataev Vladislav , Klingeler Rüdiger , Büchner Bernd , Mahns Benjamin , Knupfer Martin , Siles Pablo F. , Grimm Daniel , Schmidt Oliver G. , Reis Andreas , Thiel Werner R. , Breite Daniel , Abel Bernd , Kersting Berthold 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA new strategy for the fixation of redox‐active dinickel(II) complexes with high‐spin ground states to gold surfaces was developed. The dinickel(II) complex [Ni2L(Cl)]ClO4 (1ClO4), in which L2− represents a 24‐membered macrocyclic hexaaza‐dithiophenolate ligand, reacts with ambidentate 4‐(diphenylphosphino)benzoate (dppba) to form the carboxylato‐bridged complex [Ni2L(dppba)]+, which can be isolated as an air‐stable perchlorate [Ni2L(dppba)]ClO4 (2ClO4) or tetraphenylborate [Ni2L(dppba)]BPh4 (2BPh4) salt. The auration of 2ClO4 was probed on a molecular level, by reaction with AuCl, which leads to the monoaurated NiII2AuI complex [NiII2L(dppba)AuICl]ClO4 (3ClO4). Metathesis of 3ClO4 with NaBPh4 produces [NiII2L(dppba)AuIPh]BPh4 (4BPh4), in which the Cl− is replaced by a Ph− group. The complexes were fully characterized by ESI mass spectrometry, IR and UV/Vis spectroscopy, X‐ray crystallography (2BPh4 and 4BPh4), cyclic voltammetry, SQUID magnetometry and HF‐ESR spectroscopy. Temperature‐dependent magnetic susceptibility measurements reveal a ferromagnetic coupling J=+15.9 and +17.9 cm−1 between the two NiII ions in 2ClO4 and 4BPh4 (H=−2 JS1S2). HF‐ESR measurements yield a negative axial magnetic anisotropy (D<0), which implies a bistable (easy axis) magnetic ground state. The binding of the [Ni2L(dppba)]ClO4 complex to gold was ascertained by four complementary surface analytical methods: contact angle measurements, atomic‐force microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and spectroscopic ellipsometry. The results indicate that the complexes are attached to the Au surface through coordinative AuP bonds in a monolayer.
Determination of pH Value in Biotechnology
Authors: Henkel Steffen , Beutel Sascha 
Published: April 2013

AbstractDie gängigsten Messmethoden zur Bestimmung des pH‐Werts sind elektrochemischer oder optischer Natur. Als Messsysteme sind dabei besonders die Glaselektrode oder aber der pH‐Teststreifen jedem Anwender geläufig. Daneben existieren aber auch weitere Messprinzipien für speziellere Anwendungen z. B. zur pH‐Bestimmung in Geweben, Pasten oder unter extremen Prozessbedingungen. Zudem gibt es Methoden wie die pH‐Messung mithilfe der NMR, die allein aufgrund des apparativen Aufwands über ein Nischendasein nicht herauskommen werden. Die verschiedenen Methoden zur pH‐Bestimmung werden vorgestellt und ihre Vor‐ und Nachteile diskutiert.