bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attachment styles in patients with avoidant personality disorder compared with social phobia
Authors: Eikenæs Ingeborg , Pedersen Geir , Wilberg Theresa 
Published: September 2015

ObjectivesAvoidant personality disorder (AvPD) and social phobia (SP) are common, closely related conditions. Little is known about the underlying processes related to the social discomfort of subjects with AvPD and SP. Both disorders are associated with interpersonal problems. An attachment perspective may shed light on similarities and differences in close relationships between the disorders. The aim of the study was to compare self‐reported attachment styles in patients with AvPD and SP. We expected that patients with AvPD would have more attachment anxiety and avoidance and more often a Fearful attachment style, compared with SP.DesignThis is a cross‐sectional multisite study of 90 adult patients with AvPD and SP. Patients with AvPD with and without SP (AvPD group) were compared with patients with SP without AvPD (SP group).MethodsPatients were assessed using structured diagnostic interviews and self‐reporting questionnaires, including Experiences in Close Relationships (ECR). The ECR dimensions, Anxiety and Avoidance, and the new described five factors of the ECR were used.ResultsThe AvPD group had higher levels of attachment anxiety than the SP group, especially for the sub‐factors Anxiety for abandonment and Separation frustration. The diagnostic groups did not differ in levels of avoidance. Anxiety for abandonment was still associated with AvPD after controlling for symptom disorders and the criteria of other personality disorders. A Fearful attachment style was more frequent among patients with AvPD.ConclusionsThe results indicate AvPD is associated with more attachment anxiety than SP. Fear of abandonment may play a significant role in the AvPD pathology.Practitioner points

This is the first study to compare attachment styles in patients with avoidant personality disorder (AvPD) and social phobia (SP).

The AvPD group had higher attachment‐related anxiety than the SP group, and anxiety was most pronounced for the fear of abandonment.

Fear of abandonment may play an important role in the AvPD pathology.
Gene stacking by recombinases
Authors: Srivastava Vibha , Thomson James 
Published: September 2015

SummaryEfficient methods of stacking genes into plant genomes are needed to expedite transfer of multigenic traits to crop varieties of diverse ecosystems. Over two decades of research has identified several DNA recombinases that carryout efficient cis and trans recombination between the recombination sites artificially introduced into the plant chromosome. The specificity and efficiency of recombinases make them extremely attractive for genome engineering. In plant biotechnology, recombinases have mostly been used for removing selectable marker genes and have rarely been extended to more complex applications. The reversibility of recombination, a property of the tyrosine family of recombinases, does not lend itself to gene stacking approaches that involve rounds of transformation for integrating genes into the engineered sites. However, recent developments in the field of recombinases have overcome these challenges and paved the way for gene stacking. Some of the key advancements include the application of unidirectional recombination systems, modification of recombination sites and transgene site modifications to allow repeated site‐specific integrations into the selected site. Gene stacking is relevant to agriculturally important crops, many of which are difficult to transform; therefore, development of high‐efficiency gene stacking systems will be important for its application on agronomically important crops, and their elite varieties. Recombinases, by virtue of their specificity and efficiency in plant cells, emerge as powerful tools for a variety of applications including gene stacking.
Risk factors for surgical intestinal disorders in VLBW infants: Case–control study
Authors: Okuyama Hiroomi , Ohfuji Satoko , Hayakawa Masahiro , Urushihara Naoto , Yokoi Akiko , Take Hiroshi , Shiraishi Jun , Fujinaga Hideshi , Ohashi Kensuke , Minagawa Kyoko , Misaki Maiko , Nose Satoko , Taguchi Tomoaki 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundVery low‐birthweight (VLBW) infants (VLBWI) are at increased risk for surgical intestinal disorders including necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), focal intestinal perforation (FIP) and meconium‐related ileus (MRI). The aim of this study was to identify disease‐specific risk factors for surgical intestinal disorders in VLBWI.MethodsA retrospective multicenter case–control study was conducted at 11 institutes. We reviewed VLBWI who underwent laparotomy for intestinal disorders including perforation and intractable bowel obstruction. The surgical disorders were classified into four categories (NEC, FIP, MRI, others) based on the macroscopic findings at operation. In order to identify risk factors, two matched controls for each subject were chosen based on gestational age and birthweight. OR and 95%CI were calculated using a conditional logistic regression model and a multivariate model.ResultsA total of 150 cases (NEC, n = 44; FIP, n = 47; MRI, n = 42; others, n = 17) and 293 controls were identified. The cases and controls were similar in terms of gestational age and birthweight (cases/controls, 26.7 ± 2.5/26.5 ± 2.6 weeks; 790 ± 256/795 ± 257 g). On multivariate modeling, disease‐specific risk factors were as follows: female (OR, 0.23; 95%CI: 0.06–0.89), respiratory distress syndrome (OR, 35.7; 95%CI: 2.48–514) and patent ductus arteriosus (OR, 10.9; 95%CI: 1.51–79.3) for NEC; outborn delivery (OR, 5.47; 95%CI: 1.48–20.2) for FIP; and twin pregnancy (OR, 4.25; 95%CI: 1.06–17.1), PROM (OR, 6.85; 95%CI: 1.33–35.4) and maternal steroid (OR, 0.23; 95%CI: 0.07–0.79) for MRI.ConclusionsDifferent risk factors were identified for NEC, FIP and MRI, suggesting that each disease has a different etiology, and that different strategies are required to prevent these diseases.
WASP–WIP complex in the molecular pathogenesis of Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome
Authors: Sasahara Yoji 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWiskott–Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is an X‐linked primary immunodeficiency disease characterized by recurrent infection, thrombocytopenia, and eczema. The gene responsible for X‐linked WAS encodes the Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP), which is expressed in hematopoietic cells and which regulates T‐cell activation and cytoskeletal reorganization in T‐cell receptor (TCR) signaling. Here, I review my recent research on WASP and the WASP‐interacting protein (WIP) complex in T cells. I and my colleagues first established a diagnostic screening method using flow cytometry and genetic analysis, and elucidated the molecular pathogenesis in WAS patients with unique clinical manifestations. We investigated the mechanisms by which WASP is recruited to lipid rafts following TCR stimulation and to immunological synapses between antigen‐presenting cells and T cells. Subsequently, we elucidated the molecular mechanisms by which WASP is degraded by calpain and ubiquitinated by Cbl‐family proteins, which terminate WASP activation. More importantly, we found that WIP plays a critical role in WASP stability in T cells. These results provide new insights into the molecular pathogenesis of X‐linked WAS and have facilitated the identification of WIP deficiency as an autosomal recessive form of WAS.
Human herpesvirus‐6 viremia is not associated with poor clinical outcomes in children following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Violago Leah , Jin Zhezhen , Bhatia Monica , Rustia Evelyn , Kung Andrew L. , Foca Marc D. , George Diane , Garvin James H. , Sosna Jean , Robinson Chalitha , Karamehmet Esra , Satwani Prakash 
Published: September 2015

AbstractHHV‐6 is an evolving pathogen in the field ofAlloHCT. However, the impact ofHHV‐6 onAlloHCToutcomes remains to be elucidated. We studied the incidence and clinical impact ofHHV‐6 viremia in children followingAlloHCT. One hundred consecutive children were monitored weekly by plasmaPCRfor the first 180 days followingAlloHCTforHHV‐6,CMV,EBV, andADV.HHV‐6 viremia was defined as plasmaPCR>1000 viral copies/mL. The median age was nine yr. FollowingAlloHCT, 19% (95%CI11.3–26.7%) of patients hadHHV‐6 viremia, with the highest incidence of reactivation (14/19, 73%) occurring during day +15‐day +98. The proportion of platelet engraftment by day +180 was lower in patients withHHV‐6 viremia (58%) than in those withoutHHV‐6 viremia (82%), p = 0.028. Delay in neutrophil and platelet engraftment was not associated withHHV‐6 viremia in multivariate analysis. Similarly,HHV‐6 viremia was not associated withTRMin multivariate analysis (p = 0.15). In summary,HHV‐6 viremia is prevalent in pediatricAlloHCTrecipients. Based on our study results, we recommend thatHHV‐6PCRshould only be performed on clinical suspicion.
Volatiles from the burnet moth Zygaena filipendulae (Lepidoptera) and associated flowers, and their involvement in mating communication
Authors: Zagrobelny Mika , Simonsen Henrik T. , Olsen Carl Erik , Bak Søren , Møller Birger L. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe burnet moth Zygaena filipendulae L. contains the cyanogenic glucosides linamarin and lotaustralin, which can be degraded to the volatiles hydrogen cyanide (HCN), acetone and 2‐butanone. Linamarin and lotaustralin are transferred from the male to female during mating and thus are considered to be involved in mating communication. Because volatile semiochemical cues play a major role in mating communication in many insect species, the emissions of HCN, acetone and 2‐butanone from Z. filipendulae are characterized in the present study, aiming to determine the interplay between the degradation products of cyanogenic glucosides and pheromones. The volatile emissions from Z. filipendulae and flowers inducing mating are measured using headspace solid‐phase micro‐extraction and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry analysis. All Z. filipendulae life stages emit HCN, acetone and 2‐butanone. Virgin females show higher emissions than mated females, whereas mated males have higher emissions than virgin males. Hydrogen cyanide is only rarely detected in the course of male–female copulation. These observations indicate a role for the cyanogenic glucoside derived volatiles in female calling and male courtship behaviours, although not as a defence during copulation. Males rejected for mating by a female are accepted after injection of linamarin or lotaustralin, demonstrating that cyanogenic glucosides are also important for female assessment of the fitness of the male. Volatiles from flowers occupied during mate calling are also analyzed, and emissions from males and females result in the identification of novel putative pheromones for Z. filipendulae.
Virulence of Hymenoscyphus albidus and native and introduced Hymenoscyphus fraxineus on Fraxinus excelsior and Fraxinus pennsylvanica
Authors: Gross A. , Sieber T. N. 
Published: September 2015

Ash dieback is caused by Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, a cryptic species of the putatively harmless Hymenoscyphus albidus. Recently, H. fraxineus was found to be native to East Asia. However, the virulence of Asian H. fraxineus strains on Fraxinus excelsior and the virulence of European H. albidus on hosts other than F. excelsior and Fraxinus mandshurica have not yet been assessed. In a wound inoculation study, the virulence of four H. albidus and four European and Japanese H. fraxineus strains was assessed on F. excelsior and Fraxinus pennsylvanica in a climate chamber. Lesion lengths were measured after approximately three and a half months. No lesions were observed on the negative control or on trees inoculated with H. albidus. In contrast, inoculation with H. fraxineus induced typical symptoms of ash dieback on both tree species. Japanese H. fraxineus strains induced significantly longer lesions compared to European strains. Fraxinus excelsior was highly susceptible and developed lesions averaging lengths of 1·7 and 8·4 cm for European and Japanese strains, respectively. Fraxinus pennsylvanica was less susceptible and developed average lesion lengths of 1·6 and 4·8 cm for European and Japanese strains, respectively. Most strains were successfully reisolated from necrotic lesions or inocula, fulfilling Koch's postulates. The data show that additional introductions of H. fraxineus strains from the native range to Europe could pose a threat to the conservation of F. excelsior. In addition, introduction of H. fraxineus to North America could potentially have a negative effect on the indigenous F. pennsylvanica.
A Longitudinal Analysis of Publications on Maternal Mortality
Authors: de Groot Christianne J. M. , van Leeuwen Thed , Mol Ben Willem J. , Waltman Ludo 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe fifth Millennium Development Goal formulated by the WHO in 2000 aimed to reduce global maternal mortality by 75% in 2015. We studied the extent to which medical research has supported this by studying maternal mortality. We performed a bibliometric analysis of the literature on maternal mortality and of the development of this literature over time.MethodsWe searched for publications on maternal mortality in the Web of Science database in the period 1994–2013. We visualised the subjects of these publications using a term map showing the most significant terms occurring in the titles and abstracts of publications on maternal mortality.ResultsWe identified 3794 publications on maternal mortality in Web of Science. The annual number increased from 87 in 1994 to 397 in 2013. The largest number of maternal mortality publications was found in the field of Obstetrics and Gynecology, followed by the Public, Environmental, and Occupational Health field (increase from 1994 until 2013 of 300% and 700%, respectively). In both fields, the number of maternal mortality publications has increased at a much higher rate than the overall number of publications in the field.ConclusionsIn line with the focus of the fifth Millennium Development Goal on reducing maternal mortality, during the past 20 years, there has been a steady increase in the amount of attention paid to maternal mortality in the medical literature. This is largely driven by an increase, mainly in recent years, in public health research on maternal mortality.
Frequency tagging of steady‐state evoked potentials to explore the crossmodal links in spatial attention between vision and touch
Authors: Colon Elisabeth , Legrain Valéry , Huang Gan , Mouraux André 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe sustained periodic modulation of a stimulus induces an entrainment of cortical neurons responding to the stimulus, appearing as a steady‐state evoked potential (SS‐EP) in the EEG frequency spectrum. Here, we used frequency tagging of SS‐EPs to study the crossmodal links in spatial attention between touch and vision. We hypothesized that a visual stimulus approaching the left or right hand orients spatial attention toward the approached hand, and thereby enhances the processing of vibrotactile input originating from that hand. Twenty‐five subjects took part in the experiment: 16‐s trains of vibrotactile stimuli (4.2 and 7.2 Hz) were applied simultaneously to the left and right hand, concomitantly with a punctate visual stimulus blinking at 9.8 Hz. The visual stimulus was approached toward the left or right hand. The hands were either uncrossed (left and right hands to the left and right of the participant) or crossed (left and right hands to the right and left of the participant). The vibrotactile stimuli elicited two distinct SS‐EPs with scalp topographies compatible with activity in the contralateral primary somatosensory cortex. The visual stimulus elicited a third SS‐EP with a topography compatible with activity in visual areas. When the visual stimulus was over one of the hands, the amplitude of the vibrotactile SS‐EP elicited by stimulation of that hand was enhanced, regardless of whether the hands were uncrossed or crossed. This demonstrates a crossmodal effect of spatial attention between vision and touch, integrating proprioceptive and/or visual information to map the position of the limbs in external space.
Doctors learn new tricks, but do they remember them? Lack of effect of an educational intervention in improving Oxygen prescribing
Authors: Myers Hamish , Taylor Julia , Finn Rhian S. , Beckert Lutz 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackground and objectiveThe ‘audit cycle’ is a fundamental part of improving clinical performance. For this to be effective, improvements made must be sustained. We observed that the prescription of Oxygen is often poor. Our aim was to audit Oxygen prescription before and after an educational intervention, and then again 4 years on. We hypothesized that improvements made immediately after the intervention would not be sustained over a longer period of time.MethodsOxygen prescription was assessed in 102 inpatients between June and August 2009. Following this, an educational intervention to improve Oxygen prescription was staged. Oxygen prescription was then re‐audited in a further 102 inpatients between September 2009 and February 2010. A third audit of 72 inpatients took place between February and May 2014.ResultsOne‐way analysis of variance showed significant variance between audit groups (F 8.74, F‐crit 4.26, P = 0.008). Post‐hoc analysis with paired t‐tests confirmed significant improvement in the rate of Oxygen prescription in the second audit (24.5–58.8%, P = 0.01), immediately after the intervention. Four years on in the third audit, there was significant deterioration in the rate of Oxygen prescription compared with the second audit (58.8–13.9%, P = 0.01).ConclusionsThe rate of Oxygen prescription improves significantly after an educational intervention; however, this improvement is not sustained. This observation is likely reflected in a range of areas where the audit cycle is used to improve performance. It is important to be aware of this potential for regression to ensure that improvements are maintained over time.
Fighting enemies and finding friends: the cosmopolitan pragmatism of Jesuit residences in the Ottoman Levant
Authors: Clines Robert John 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAfter several decades of intermittent missionary work, the Society of Jesus decided to establish a permanent residence in Jerusalem. However, the competition for control of religious sites compelled the Jesuits’ Franciscan rivals to undermine their efforts. Whereas religious tensions in Jerusalem thwarted a Jesuit residence in the city, Jesuit travel writers such as Giulio Mancinelli and Diego de Salazar lauded Ottoman entrepôts for their tranquility and cosmopolitan nature and appreciated how European merchants and local Christians were amenable to the Jesuits and welcomed them into their homes. These travelogues suggest that these types of cities, not pilgrimage centres like Jerusalem, provided the Jesuits with the types of structures necessary for founding residences. In turn, Jesuit leaders abandoned Jerusalem and opted to establish themselves in the more cosmopolitan and economically vibrant Aleppo. When juxtaposed with their failure in Jerusalem, Jesuit travelogues that promoted the idea of residences in centres like Aleppo illuminate how the successes and failures of Catholic missionaries often depended on a wide array of factors, ranging from levels of intra‐Catholic cooperation to the Jesuits’ abilities to recognize and navigate the Levant's complex political, commercial, and diplomatic webs that facilitated their desire to missionize in the Christian Orient.
Vitamin D‐Binding Protein in Health and Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Denburg Michelle R. , Bhan Ishir 
Published: September 2015

AbstractVitamin D‐binding protein (DBP) is a multifunctional protein that has attracted increasing interest in recent years, largely because of its potential role in modulating the activity of vitamin D. Nearly all circulating vitamin D (~85–90%) circulates bound to DBP, with a smaller proportion bound to albumin, leaving <5% circulating freely. DBP may also play roles beyond vitamin D binding, with potential roles in the immune system and elsewhere. Numerous polymorphisms of DBP exist around the world, and recent studies have identified relevance of different DBP phenotypes in determining DBP concentration and vitamin D affinity. This review focuses on the known roles of DBP in health and kidney disease, and current views on the relevance of DBP polymorphisms.
Learning and the Development of Meaning: Husserl and Merleau‐Ponty on the Temporality of Perception and Habit
Authors: Howell Whitney 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTIn this paper, I argue that the temporal openness of perceptual experience provides insight into the basic structure of learning. I draw on Husserl's account of the mutability of the retained past inAnalyses Concerning Passive and Active Synthesis, and Merleau‐Ponty's account of the perceptual field, as well as his remarks on habit, inPhenomenology of Perception, in order to elucidate the relation between the perceptual past and the future it portends. More specifically, I argue that retention and habituation in perceptual experience open dimensions of meaning that transform the initial, initiating, experiences in which meaning is first established. As a result, our experience of meaning is always subject to further development that we cannot anticipate. This temporal openness has consequences for our learning to navigate a perceptual field, but also, I argue, for our developing more complex ways of engaging with the world. Specifically, I show how learning requires that we commit ourselves to an object or task before we are in a position to recognize the implications or significance of our commitment. I further consider the role that others play in the inherent openness of learning to the development of new meaning.
The Folk Psychological Spiral: Explanation, Regulation, and Language
Authors: Andrews Kristin 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this paper I intend to argue that an explanatory role for folk psychology is also a regulative role, and that language is not required for these regulative functions. I will start by drawing out the relationship between prediction, explanation, and regulation of behavior according to both mindreading approaches to folk psychology and the pluralistic account I defend. I will argue that social cognition does not take the form of causal reasoning so much as it does normative reasoning, and will introduce the folk psychological spiral. Then I will examine the cognitive resources necessary for participating in the folk psychological spiral, and I will argue that these cognitive resources can be had without language. There is preliminary evidence that some other species understand one another through a normative lens that, through looping effects, creates expectations that community members strive to live up to.