bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating classification schema and classification decisions
Authors: Bedford Denise 
Published: December 2012

AbstractEditor's SummaryDirection on the construction and application of classification schemes such as taxonomies is readily available, but relatively little has been offered on evaluating the schemes themselves and their use to categorize content. A classification scheme can be judged for how well it meets its purpose and complies with standards, and a strong evaluative framework is reflected in S.R. Ranganathan's principles of classification. The degree of certainty of classification decisions depends on objective understanding of the object to be classified, the scope and details of the class and the coverage and organization of the overall classification scheme. The more complete the information about each class, the more reliable the goodness‐ of‐fit for an object to a class is likely to be, whether chosen by human or machine classifiers. This information comes through definitions, examples, prior use and semantic relationships. The risk of misclassification can be reduced by analyzing the goodness‐of‐fit of objects to classes and the patterns of missed or erroneous selections.
Preparation of Nanoporous Carbon/Graphene Composites and Its Application in Direct Methanol Fuel Cell
Authors: Jin Xiuhua , Wei Qinglian , Huang Haojun , Wang Mengxue , Huang Yongmin 
Published: December 2012

AbstractNanoporous carbon/graphene composites (NCGC) are synthesized via one‐step hydrothermal approach combining carbonization, where phenol and formaldehyde are used as carbon sources and triblock copolymers F127 as template. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nitrogen adsorption measurements show that the synthesized NCGC samples possess high surface area over 400 m2·g−1and mesoporous structures with interconnected pores. The electrochemical studies demonstrate that Pt catalyst with NCGC as support exhibits better eletrocatalytic activity for methanol oxidation as compared to the catalyst taking widely‐used VulcanXC‐72 as support. In addition, the potential formation mechanism of NCGC is discussed.
Highly Selective Fluorescence Turn‐on Chemosensor Based on Naphthalimide Derivatives for Detection of Trivalent Chromium Ions
Authors: Chen Zhijun , Wang Limin , Zou Gang , Teng Mingshuang , Yu Jianjun 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA new fluorescent probe, NPQ‐C, was synthesized. NPQ‐C was based on the naphthalimide derivatives and exhibited high selectivity and sensitivity for Cr3+ ions. As a Cr3+‐amplified fluorescent probe, Its fluorescence spectrum showed 5.5‐fold enhancement in the intensity of the signal at 500 nm on binding with the Cr3+. Based on the fluorescence titration spectra and Job's‐plot analysis, binding mode of NPQ‐C with Cr3+ was proposed. Fluorescence intensity was linear with concentration of Cr3+ cation in a range from 0 to 10 µmol·L−1. NPQ‐C was also sensitive for Cr3+. The detection limit was calculated to be 0.20 µmol·L−1 which indicated that NPQ‐C was sensitive to Cr3+.
Degradation of Textile Dyeing Wastewater by a Modified Solar Photo‐Fenton Process Using Steel Scrap/H2O2
Authors: Ramachandran Ganesan , Kumarasamy Thanasekaran 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis experimental research deals with using steel scrap as a heterogeneous catalyst. This catalyzes the oxidation reaction of real textile dye wastewater based on a modified solar photo‐Fenton oxidation process. Morphologic analysis and mapping of the elementary composition of the steel scrap have been carried out by scanning electron microscopy. The effects of concentration of H2O2, the pH of the solution and the catalyst loading on the degradation of textile dye wastewater are elucidated. Kinetic studies have been performed for the decolorization of wastewater under optimum conditions. It could be concluded that the steel scrap is a potential substitute for ferrous salts as a catalyst for the solar photo‐Fenton reaction.
A stochastic mathematical model to study the autoimmune progression towards type 1 diabetes
Authors: Portuesi R. , Cherubini C. , Gizzi A. , Buzzetti R. , Pozzilli P. , Filippi S. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe integrity of the interactions and the 3D architecture among beta cell populations in pancreatic islets is critical for proper biosynthesis, storage and release of insulin. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect on electrophysiological signalling of beta cells that is produced by progressive lymphocytic islet cell infiltration (insulitis), by modelling the disruption of pancreatic islet anatomy as a consequence of insulitis and altered glucose concentrations.MethodsOn the basis of histopathological images of murine islets from non‐obese diabetic mice, we simulated the electrophysiological dynamics of a 3D cluster of mouse beta cells via a stochastic model. Progressive damage was modelled at different glucose concentrations, representing the different glycaemic states in the autoimmune progression towards type 1 diabetes.ResultsAt 31% of dead beta cells (normoglycaemia) and 69% (hyperglycaemia), the system appeared to be biologically robust to maintain regular Ca2+ ion oscillations guaranteeing an effective insulin release. Simulations at 84%, 94% and 98% grades (severe hyperglycemia) showed that intracellular calcium oscillations were absent. In such conditions, insulin pulsatility is not expected to occur.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the islet tissue is biophysically robust enough to compensate for high rates of beta cell loss. These predictions can be experimentally tested in vitro by quantifying space and time electrophysiological dynamics of animal islets kept at different glucose gradients. The model indicates the necessity of maintaining glycaemia within the physiological range as soon as possible after diabetes onset to avoid a dramatic interruption of Ca2+ pulsatility and the consequent drop of insulin release. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Brønsted Acid Catalyzed C–H Functionalization of N‐Protected Tetrahydroisoquinolines via Intermediate Peroxides
Authors: Schweitzer‐Chaput Bertrand , Klussmann Martin 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAn organocatalytic oxidative synthesis of N‐protected tetrahydroisoquinolines is described by C–H functionalization via intermediate peroxides. The peroxides were synthesized from tert‐butylhydroperoxide under metal‐free thermal conditions and were converted into the final products by Brønsted acid catalyzed substitution. The nucleophile scope was investigated in detail and proved to be broad; N‐deprotection of the coupling products could also be achieved.
Barriers to and facilitators of the implementation of health promoting hospitals in Taiwan: a top‐down movement in need of ground support
Authors: Lee Chiachi Bonnie , Chen Michael S. , Wang Ying Wei 
Published: December 2012

SUMMARYThis study investigates barriers to and facilitators of health promoting hospitals (HPH) in Taiwan. The findings are based on a cross‐sectional questionnaire survey involving 55 hospitals committed to health promotion (HP) as of the end of 2009, and 52 of them completed the questionnaire. The five most reported barriers are inadequate national health insurance coverage of HP, staff detachment, incoherence of government policies, weak inter‐sectoral link and resistance to change. The five most reported facilitators are support from hospital superintendents, support from unit/department directors, HP‐inclusive hospital development mission and goals, funding from the government, founding of HP‐related committees, resources and healthy policies. The study also found that organizational capacity building (OCB) had a significantly negative association with the number of barriers and a positive association with the number of facilitators. Stepwise linear regressions further found that OCB in structure was a significant predictor of the fewer number of barriers and that in‐staff participation was a significant predictor of the more perceived facilitators. It also confirmed the significant role of organizational capacity building and that of coordinators in the effective implementation of HPH. The transformational factors as well as transactional factors are very much at work as facilitators, but the transactional factors are trapped in a less‐than‐friendly environment. Comprehensive support from transformational factors as well as transactional factors is essential and further support for daily routine operations and staff participation are required to sustain the implementation of HPH in Taiwan. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental masseter muscle pain alters jaw–neck motor strategy
Authors: Wiesinger B. , Häggman‐Henrikson B. , Hellström F. , Wänman A. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackgroundA functional integration between the jaw and neck regions has been demonstrated during normal jaw function. The effect of masseter muscle pain on this integrated motor behaviour in man is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of induced masseter muscle pain on jaw–neck movements during a continuous jaw opening‐closing task.MethodsSixteen healthy men performed continuous jaw opening‐closing movements to a target position, defined as 75% of the maximum jaw opening. Each subject performed two trials without pain (controls) and two trials with masseter muscle pain, induced with hypertonic saline as a single injection. Simultaneous movements of the mandible and the head were registered with a wireless optoelectronic three‐dimensional recording system. Differences in movement amplitudes between trials were analysed with Friedman's test and corrected Wilcoxon matched pairs test.ResultsThe head movement amplitudes were significantly larger during masseter muscle pain trials compared with control. Jaw movement amplitudes did not differ significantly between any of the trials after corrected Wilcoxon tests. The ratio between head and jaw movement amplitudes was significantly larger during the first pain trial compared with control.ConclusionsExperimental masseter muscle pain in humans affected integrated jaw–neck movements by increasing the neck component during continuous jaw opening‐closing tasks. The findings indicate that pain can alter the strategy for jaw–neck motor control, which further underlines the functional integration between the jaw and neck regions. This altered strategy may have consequences for development of musculoskeletal pain in the jaw and neck regions.
Temporal summation of heat pain modulated by isometric exercise
Authors: Koltyn K.F. , Knauf M.T. , Brellenthin A.G. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the effects of isometric exercise on temporal summation of heat pain. Thus, the purposes of study 1 and study 2 were to examine the influence of exhaustive and non‐exhaustive isometric exercise on temporal summation of heat pain in men and women.MethodsForty‐four men and 44 women (mean age = 20 years) completed an informed consent document and a packet of questionnaires. Ten heat pulses were applied to the thenar eminence of the dominant hand using a standardized temporal summation protocol. Participants rated the intensity of the heat pulses using a 0–100 pain rating scale before and following isometric exercise consisting of squeezing a hand dynamometer at 40% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) to exhaustion (exhaustive exercise, study 1) and at 25% MVC for 3 min (non‐exhaustive exercise, study 2). Muscle pain and perceived exertion were rated every 30 s during exercise using validated rating scales. The data were analysed with repeated measures analysis of variance.ResultsThe results indicated there were no sex differences (p > 0.05) in time to exhaustion (study 1), muscle pain or perceived exertion (studies 1 and 2). There was a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in temporal summation ratings following isometric exercise for men and women in both study 1 and study 2.ConclusionIt is concluded that exhaustive and non‐exhaustive isometric exercise significantly reduced temporal summation of heat pain in men and women.
(E)‐2‐Benzylidene‐4‐phenyl‐1,3‐diselenole ameliorates signals of renal injury induced by cisplatin in rats
Authors: Bortolatto Cristiani F. , Wilhelm Ethel A. , Roman Silvane S. , Nogueira Cristina W. 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTThe present study investigated the protective role of antioxidant (E)‐2‐benzylidene‐4‐phenyl‐1,3‐diselenole (BPD), an organoselenium compound, against the renal injury induced by cisplatin in rats. Canola oil or BPD (50 mg kg−1) was administered orally by gavage once a day for 6 days to rats. The first dose of BPD was given 24 h before a single intraperitoneal injection of saline or cisplatin (7 mg kg−1). At day 7, animals were killed and parameters related to renal injury were determined. The histological analysis showed that cisplatin caused renal injury in rats, which was accompanied by an increase in urea and creatinine levels in plasma. The increase of plasma creatinine levels negatively correlated with renal antioxidant defenses including ascorbic acid (AA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) content as well as glutathione S‐transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) activities. As revealed by histological analysis, BPD ameliorated tubular injury in rat kidney and reduced plasma markers altered by cisplatin. The administration of BPD to rats attenuated the reduction of renal AA and GSH content in animals exposed to cisplatin. The decrease of GST activity, but not GPx and CAT activities, in rats exposed to cisplatin was totally reversed by BPD administration. BPD was also effective in attenuating the inhibition of a sulfhydryl enzyme sensitive to oxidative stress, δ‐aminolevulinic dehydratase, in kidneys of rats exposed to cisplatin. The present study demonstrated that BPD reduced renal injury induced by cisplatin in rats and this effect seems to be related to antioxidant mechanisms. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparing phototoxicity during the development of a zebrafish craniofacial bone using confocal and light sheet fluorescence microscopy techniques
Authors: Jemielita Matthew , Taormina Michael J. , DeLaurier April , Kimmel Charles B. , Parthasarathy Raghuveer 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe combination of genetically encoded fluorescent proteins and three‐dimensional imaging enables cell‐type‐specific studies of embryogenesis. Light sheet microscopy, in which fluorescence excitation is provided by a plane of laser light, is an appealing approach to live imaging due to its high speed and efficient use of photons. While the advantages of rapid imaging are apparent from recent work, the importance of low light levels to studies of development is not well established. We examine the zebrafish opercle, a craniofacial bone that exhibits pronounced shape changes at early developmental stages, using both spinning disk confocal and light sheet microscopies of fluorescent osteoblast cells. We find normal and aberrant opercle morphologies for specimens imaged with short time intervals using light sheet and spinning disk confocal microscopies, respectively, under equivalent exposure conditions over developmentally‐relevant time scales. Quantification of shapes reveals that the differently imaged specimens travel along distinct trajectories in morphological space. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Surface engineering of titanium substrates with chitosan‐atorvastatin conjugate for reduced inflammation responses and improved cytocompatibility
Authors: Xie Daichao , Cai Kaiyong , Hu Yan , Luo Zhong 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn this study, chitosan‐atorvastatin (Chi‐AT) conjugate was immobilized onto the surfaces of titanium substrates to reduce inflammation responses and improve cytocompatibility. Polydopamine film was initially formed onto the titanium surfaces as the intermediate layer for the successful immobilization of Chi‐AT, which was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and contact angle measurements, respectively. Endothelial cells grown onto Chi‐AT immobilized titanium substrates displayed significantly higher (p < 0.01) cell viability and statistically lower (p < 0.01) lactate dehydrogenase production than those of native titanium substrates (control) after culture for 4 days and 7 days, respectively. Furthermore, macrophages cells cultured onto Chi‐AT immobilized titanium substrates demonstrated significantly lower (p < 0.01) production levels of nitric oxide, acid phosphatase, reactive oxygen species, pro‐inflammatory cytokines of tumor necrosis factor α, and interleukin‐1 β than those of controls. All results indicated that the immobilization of Chi‐AT conjugate onto titanium substrates was beneficial for improving their cytocompatibility and inhibiting pro‐inflammatory responses. The study thus presents an alternative to fabricate bio‐functionalized titanium‐based implants for further clinical application. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2013.
Soy isoflavone attenuates brain mitochondrial oxidative stress induced by beta‐amyloid peptides 1–42 injection in lateral cerebral ventricle
Authors: Ding Juan , Yu Huan‐ling , Ma Wei‐wei , Xi Yuan‐di , Zhao Xia , Yuan Lin‐hong , Feng Jin‐fang , Xiao Rong 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe aim of this study is to investigate whether soy isoflavone (SIF) reduces oxidative stress and improves the antioxidant ability in mitochondria of rat brain damaged by injection of beta‐amyloid peptides 1–42 (Aβ1–42). Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into control, Aβ1–42, SIF + Aβ1–42, and SIF groups according to body weight. The rats in the SIF + Aβ1–42 group and SIF group were intragastrically administered SIF suspension in 0.5% CMC‐Na for 28 days, whereas the rats in control group and Aβ1–42 group were administered the same volume of 0.5% CMC‐Na. On day 14, the rats in the Aβ1–42 group and SIF + Aβ1–42 group were injected with Aβ1–42 into the lateral cerebral ventricle with physiological saline. The rat brains were then sampled, and brain mitochondria were isolated. After this, the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and mitochondrial redox state were measured. The contents of brain nuclear factor E2‐related factor (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) protein in brain tissue were quantitated by Western blot. The results showed that SIF maintained the MMP, elevated the reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio, and increased glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) protein expression in brain mitochondria. Additionally, SIF reversed the Aβ1–42‐induced downregulation of the protein expression of Nrf2 and HO‐1 in brain tissue. These results indicated that SIF could alleviate the oxidative damage and maintain the redox imbalance in brain mitochondria damaged by Aβ1–42. This might result from regulation of the Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of authentic leadership on performance: Role of followers' positive psychological capital and relational processes
Authors: Wang Hui , Sui Yang , Luthans Fred , Wang Danni , Wu Yanhong 
Published: December 2012

SummaryAuthentic leadership has received considerable attention and research support over the past decade. Now the time has come to refine and better understand how it impacts performance. This study investigates the moderating role followers' positive psychological capital (PsyCap) and the mediating role that leader–member exchange (LMX) may play in influencing the relationship between authentic leadership and followers' performance. Specifically, we tested this mediated moderation model with matched data from 794 followers and their immediate leaders. We found that authentic leadership is positively related to LMX and consequently followers' performance, and to a larger degree, among followers who have low rather than high levels of PsyCap. Our discussion highlights the benefits of understanding the roles of relational processes and followers' positive psychological resources involved in the effectiveness of authentic leadership and how they can be practically implemented. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improved performances in organic and polymer light‐emitting diodes using solution‐processed vanadium pentoxide as a hole injection layer
Authors: Lee Hyunkoo , Kwon Yongwon , Lee Changhee 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWe report that a solution‐processed vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) layer can be utilized as an effective and stable hole injection layer in organic light‐emitting diodes and polymer light‐emitting diodes instead of polyethylene dioxythiophene : polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT : PSS). The organic light‐emitting diode and polymer light‐emitting diode with the V2O5 layer have driving voltages that are 2.2 and 0.3 V lower for 1000 cd/m2, respectively, than the devices with PEDOT : PSS. In addition, the devices with the V2O5 layer show improved operational stability compared with the devices with PEDOT : PSS. Therefore, a solution‐processed V2O5 layer can be utilized as an effective and stable hole injection layer instead of PEDOT : PSS.
Radiation fibrosis of the vocal fold: From man to mouse
Authors: Johns Michael M. , Kolachala Vasantha , Berg Eric , Muller Susan , Creighton Frances X. , Branski Ryan C. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To characterize fundamental late tissue effects in the human vocal fold following radiation therapy. To develop a murine model of radiation fibrosis in order to ultimately develop both treatment and prevention paradigms.Design:Translational study using archived human and fresh murine irradiated vocal fold tissue.Methods:1) Irradiated vocal fold tissue from patients undergoing laryngectomy for loss of function from radiation fibrosis was identified from pathology archives. Histomorphometry, immunohistochemistry, and whole‐genome microarray, as well as real‐time transcriptional analyses, were performed. 2) Focused radiation to the head and neck was delivered to mice in a survival fashion. One month following radiation, vocal fold tissue was analyzed with histomorphometry, immunohistochemistry, and real‐time PCR transcriptional analysis for selected markers of fibrosis.Results:Human irradiated vocal folds demonstrated increased collagen transcription, with increased deposition and disorganization of collagen in both the thyroarytenoid muscle and the superficial lamina propria. Fibronectin were increased in the superficial lamina propria. Laminin decreased in the thyroarytenoid muscle. Whole genome microarray analysis demonstrated increased transcription of markers for fibrosis, oxidative stress, inflammation, glycosaminoglycan production, and apoptosis. Irradiated murine vocal folds demonstrated increases in collagen and fibronectin transcription and deposition in the lamina propria. Transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β increased in the lamina propria.Conclusion:Human irradiated vocal folds demonstrate molecular changes leading to fibrosis that underlie loss of vocal fold pliability occurring in patients following laryngeal irradiation. The irradiated murine tissue demonstrates similar findings, and this mouse model may have utility in creating prevention and treatment strategies for vocal fold radiation fibrosis.
Your best just got better
Authors: Womack Jason W. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractLeaders with too much to do, and too little time, still must try to improve a little bit and become more productive each day, Womack contends. Start by sketching what an ideal day would look like. You can accomplish more by doing less, particularly if you do not hurry. Take “the magic five minutes” to look over completed work for mistakes. Then consider “the five people you spend the most mind‐share with through the week,” and how you interact with and learn from them. Focus is a precious resource, and Womack encourages you to consider where and when you do your deepest thinking.