bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing Strategic Partnership Policy
Authors: Sajdak Wiktor Adam 
Published: July 2014

Au cours de près de quatre décennies, l’énorme progrès dans l’institutionnalisation de la relation sino-européenne peut être considéré comme un excellent exemple de l’évolution des relations bilatérales. À partir de motifs principalement économiques, donc pragmatiques, en passant par des préoccupations plus sophistiquées et globales, la relation sino-européenne a atteint le niveau de partenariat stratégique. Toutefois, ce genre de politique nécessite un réseau complexe d’interdépendances et un cadre institutionnel bien développé. Le nouveau système à trois piliers, qui incarne l’architecture construite au travers des relations UE-Chine, est très impressionnant, mais est-il efficace dans la poursuite des objectifs du partenariat stratégique ? Cet article met en lumière la définition de la politique de partenariat stratégique, qui pose ses principaux éléments dans le contexte de la relation UE-Chine. Il examine également l’architecture institutionnelle existante et tente de donner une réponse au sujet de l’efficacité d’un tel cadre en termes des objectifs de la politique de partenariat stratégique.
Adenauer, de Gasperi, Schuman et le principe de subsidiarité : un « spillover culturel » ?
Authors: Lancien Anne 
Published: July 2014

Cet article vise à appréhender l’émergence de la construction européenne à travers le spectre des idées, conceptions et croyances de trois pères fondateurs : Schuman, Adenauer et de Gasperi. Nous souhaitons pour cela avancer le concept de « spillover culturel » qui insiste sur l’importance de la diffusion normative dans l’émergence de la construction européenne. Il serait la résultante d’un triple processus, selon la théorie des « cycles de vie normatifs » de Martha Finnemore et Kathryn Sikkink. Véritables entrepreneurs de normes, les pères fondateurs seraient parvenus par un processus similaire à construire une Europe fidèle à leurs conceptions de la scène internationale.
Le délit d'imprudence sanitaire en France au XX e siècle
Authors: Zylberman Patrick 
Published: July 2014

Le procès de Colmar (2005) a-t-il marqué un infléchissement de notre jurisprudence concernant la transmission volontaire d’une maladie infectieuse ? Dès 1905 sont proposés des projets de lois créant un « délit de contamination ». Sans succès. « Privilège » du juge civil dans les affaires de transmission d’une infection, tentative abolitionniste du régime de la prostitution, difficultés de prouver le lien de causalité, absence d’une législation eugénique expliquent les raisons de ces échecs. Face à ces obstacles insurmontables, le « délit d’imprudence sanitaire » apparaît comme une position de repli. Pourtant, dans le sillage de Colmar, les juridictions ont montré un indiscutable durcissement du droit en la matière. Et si le combat abolitionniste, associé au délit d’imprudence sanitaire, avait montré la voie ?
Occupational Therapists' Perceptions of Appropriate Therapy Aims for Service Users in Mental Health: A Survey of Therapists in the United Kingdom
Authors: Lee Sun-Wook , Morley Mary , Garnham Mike , Heasman David , Willis Suzie , Forsyth Kirsty , Melton Jane , Taylor Renee 
Published: July 2014

Introduction: In England, the Payment by Results reimbursement system was introduced for mental health services. Occupational therapists developed the indicative care packages for identified clusters endorsed by the system. This study sought to systematically gather and document occupational therapists' viewpoints on the appropriateness of a range of therapy aims and, thereby, inform the creation of the occupational therapy indicative care packages. Method: This study is a descriptive, internet-based survey of therapists in six National Health Service trusts in the United Kingdom. Findings: A total of 262 therapists completed the survey for a response rate of 61.07%. Most were female (85.5%) with varying levels of experience (less than 5 years [33%]; between 5 and 20 years [54%]; over 20 years [13%]). Therapists evaluated the most appropriate aims specified for three occupational performance levels of service users and for six occupational areas. Additional aims were reported by therapists, and there was near-consensus for more than half of the aims, with over 75% of therapists agreeing on their appropriateness. Conclusion: Findings from experts' empirical knowledge inform practice by providing evidence for specifying service outcomes that are theory based and occupation focused in guiding the development of recommended occupational therapy objectives.
An Exploratory Study: Expanding the Concept of Play for Children with Severe Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Graham Naomi , Truman Juliette , Holgate Heather 
Published: July 2014

Introduction: Play is essential to a child's development, and is a dominating component of a child's life. Forming part of a broader study aiming to explore what parents of children with cerebral palsy understand by play, and its use in therapy and home programmes, this research article focuses on how parents expand their concept of play for their children. Method: A qualitative methodology and interpretive descriptive approach were taken. Following ethical approval, seven parents were recruited, completed an interview, and provided a contextual information sheet. An interpretive descriptive approach to analysis allowed exploration of this data. Findings: Parents appeared to expand their concept of play beyond the conventional idea of play for typically developing children, seemingly as a result of the limitations placed on each child's play through their physical disability. Parents discussions revealed three subthemes: vicarious play, play through communication, and therapy in play. Conclusion: Occupational therapists can help parents to understand how the concept of play can be expanded to involve ideas such as vicarious play and communication as play. Parents may then feel more comfortable in allowing their children to experience play as a primary occupation, in a less conventional way.
Balancing Priorities: British Bangladeshi Mothers' Perspectives on Functional Independence for their Disabled Children
Authors: Kingsley Fiona , Wickenden Mary 
Published: July 2014

Introduction: In Western cultures, functional independence is a highly valued concept. It is often utilized as an end goal by occupational therapists working with disabled children. However, little is known about how families from non-Western backgrounds view this concept. Research indicates that professionals frequently use their own understanding of independence to guide input. Without understanding non-Western parents' perspectives on functional independence, occupational therapists are at risk of providing inappropriate and irrelevant intervention. Aim: To understand British Bangladeshi mothers' perspectives on developing functional independence with their disabled children. Method: Semi-structured interviews with ten Bangladeshi mothers and a focus group of Bangladeshi professionals. Thematic data analysis was used to identify key themes from the participants' narratives. Results: Four key themes emerged: developing functional independence in typically developing children; importance of functional independence for disabled children; functional independence versus good care; and functional independence versus safety and protection. Conclusion: British Bangladeshi mothers want functional independence for their disabled children. However, this desire competes with other parenting values of ‘providing good care’ and ‘safety/protection’. The mothers balance these priorities but frequently choose care and safety. Understanding parental perspectives on functional independence is an important starting point for occupational therapists in providing culturally congruent care.
Whole body 18F-FDG PET predicts progression free and overall survival in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus
Authors: Abdelsalam Mahmoud , Bazarbashi Shouki , Abouzied Moheieldin , Amin Tarek , Soudy Hussein , Rahal Mohamed , Darwish Alaa 
Published: July 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

18F-FDG PET yields physiologic information that allows for identifying canccer based on altered tissue metabolism. The aim of this study was to prospectively validate the predictive value of positron emission tomography (PET) in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the esophagus treated by pre-operattive chemotherapy followed by esophagectomy.

DESIGN AND SETTING:
Prospective efficacy and toxicity study of patients enrolled between January 1999 and September 2003.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Twenty-one patients with SCC of the esophagus who were potentially resectable underwent 18F-FDG PET imaging before the first cycle of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and at least 14 days after the third cycle. A patient was classified as a metabolic responder when the metabolic activity of the primary tumor as measured by the maximum standardized uptake values had decreased by 50% or more at the time of the second 18F-FDG PET.

RESULTS:
The median age of the study cohort was 60 years with a range of 39-70 years; 12 patients were males and 9 were females. 18F-FDG PET had increased activity in the primary tumor in all patients. Metabolic response occurred in 14/21 patients (66%), while 7/21 (33%) patients did not show a metabolic response. Metabolic ressponders had a high clinical response rate (92%), a median progression free survival (PFS) of 16.4 months and a median overall survival (OS) of 35.3 months. In contrast, prognosis was poor for metabolic non-responders with a clinical response rate of 42% (P=.025), a median PFS of 7.13 months (P=.032) and median OS of 12 months (P=.038).

CONCLUSION:
Our results demonstrate that changes in tumor metabolic activity after neoadjuvant chemottherapy predicts PFS and OS in esophageal SCC patients.
Long-term results of non-fludarabine versus fludarabine-based stem cell transplantation without total body irradiation in Fanconi anemia patients
Authors: Hamidieh Amir Ali , Alimoghaddam Kamran , Jahani Mohammad , Mousavi Seyyed Asadollah , Iravani Masoud , Bahar Babak , Jalili Mahdi , Jalali Arash , Behfar Maryam , Ghavamzadeh Ardeshir 
Published: July 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is the only therapeutic modality capable of correcting the hematologic manifestations of Fanconi anemia (FA). The development of well-tolerated immunosuppressive conditioning regimens for FA patients undergoing HCT has proven to be a challenging task for hematologists.

DESIGN AND SETTINGS:
Retrospective, patients referred to the hematology, oncology and stem cell transplantation research center.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
We analyzed the outcome of 53 FA patients who had undergone HCT between 1992 and 2010. The median age at transplantation was 9 years. Patients received transplants from an HLA-identi-cal sibling (n=39) or matched relative (n=9) and one-antigen locus mismatched other relative/sibling (n=5). All of the patients underwent transplantation with fludarabine and non-fludarabine-based conditioning regimens. No radiation therapy was given.

RESULTS:
The median follow-up period for survivors was 13.5 months (range, 3 months-13.5 years). The 3-year overall survival (OS) was 60.6%. The 3-year OS for patients who did or did not receive fludarabine-based preparative regimens for the allograft was 36.4%, and 70%, respectively. However, there were no statistically significant differences in OS rates between these two groups (P=.112). Graft failure occurred in 4 patients (7.5%). All of these 4 patients had received fludarabine-based conditioning regimens. The incidence of acute GVHD after fludarabine-based regimens was 45% versus 79% in non-fludarabine-based regimens (P=.03).

CONCLUSION:
Despite the high incidence of acute GVHD (78.6%) in the non-fludarabine group, which resulted in the death of some patients, the OS rate was significantly better than in fludarabine recipients. Therefore, in spite of the fact that recent studies advocate the fludarabine-based conditioning regimens, we propose to conduct a multicenter, prospective study to evaluate the outcomes of regimens employed in FA patients.
Outcome of allogeneic stem cell transplantation with a conditioning regimen of busulfan, cyclophosphamide and low-dose etoposide for children with myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Al-Seraihy Amal , Ayas Mouhab , Al-Nounou Randa , El-Solh Hassan , Al-Ahmari Ali , Al-Jefri Abdullah , Belgaumi Asim 
Published: July 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) offers the best chance of cure and long-term survival for children with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS).

DESIGN AND SETTING:
Retrospective analysis of pediatric patients with primary MDS treated with allogeneic SCT at a single institution treated between January 1993 and December 2008.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Of 16 consecutive children who received allogeneic SCT for treatment of MDS in our center, 14 patients met the criteria of MDS according WHO I and II criteria. The median age was 4.8 years (range, 1-14 years) and 64% were male. The median time from diagnosis to transplant was 6 months. MDS stage was refractory cytopenia (RC) in 9, refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB) in 5. Monosomy 7 was present in 35% of the patients. The majority of patients (11/14) were conditioned with a busulfan-based myeloablative (MA) regimen with addition of low-dose of etoposide (30 mg/kg). All but one received a bone marrow graft.

RESULTS:
Nine patients achieved complete remission (CR), and seven remain alive. At a median follow-up of 3 years (range, 2-14 years) the OS and EFS was 57% (95%CI, 0.28-0.78). Cumulative EFS at 1 0 years was 43% (95% CI: 0.14–0.70). Relapse-related mortality was 21.4%; nonrelapse mortality (NRM) was 28.57%. All the survivors had etoposide in their conditioning regimen. Patients younger than 10 years had better survival (P=.001). CONCLUSION: Children with MDs achieve encouraging OS and EFS following allogeneic SCT. A busulfan-based regimen with a lower dose of etoposide is an effective and less toxic regimen. The outcomes are best in younger patients.
Arsenic trioxide plus cisplatin/interferon α- 2b/doxorubicin/capecitabine combination chemotherapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Tomuleasa Ciprian , Soritau Olga , Fischer-Fodor Eva , Pop Teodora , Susman Sergiu , Mosteanu Ofelia , Petrushev Bobe , Aldea Mihaela , Acalovschi Monica , Irimie Alexanru , Kacso Gabriel 
Published: July 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
The failure of existing treatments for liver cancer has recently been attribuuted to the existence of cancer stem cells, which are difficult to kill using current drugs due to their chemoresisttant properties as well as their ability to stimulate neoangiogenesis. The aim of the current study was to evaluate in vitro the antitumor efficacy of arsenic trioxide in combination with conventional chemotherapy, as proposed by the concept of “differentiation therapy” in anticancer research.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Cancer stem cells showed enhanced chemoresistance to cancer drugs (carboplatin and doxorubicin) and had the ability to exclude rhodamine 123 dye, proving the existence of the multidrug resisttance efflux pump. Arsenic trioxide was added prior to a tyrosine kinase inhibitor or to a slightly modified Piaf regimmen with capecitabine replacing 5-fluorouracil. We also compared both cancer and normal stem cell lines with the hepG2 non-stem liver cancer cell line to investigate the differences between differentiated and more anaplastic cells. Molecular characterization (immunocytochemistry and rt-PCr analysis) of all the cell lines was carried out.

RESULTS:
Initially, the cells had a high proliferative potential, even when cultured in a medium supplemented with cytostatics, eliminated rhodamine 123 immediately in culture and also formed spheroids in suspension. The molecular characterization showed the expression of albumin, α1-antitrypsin, α-fetoprotein, citokeratin-18, telomerase, CD90 and CD133. Low concentrations of arsenic trioxide lead to morphologic differentiation and differentiation-associated cytochemical features, like increased sensitivity to cytostatic drugs.

CONCLUSION:
Our study suggests that arsenic trioxide sensitizes liver stem-like cancer cells to conventional chemotherapy. Still, further studies on animal models will be needed before we implement this idea in human clinical trials.
Clinical outcome of docetaxel in advanced or metastatic endometrial cancer
Authors: Hamed Rasha Hamdy , Abdelkhalek Seham Elsayed 
Published: July 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy, safety and toxicity of docetaxel as first-line chemotherapy or in previously treated patients (one regimen) with recurrent or metastatic endometrial cancer.

DESIGN AND SETTING:
Prospective phase II study in patients referred to the Department of Clinical oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura university, Egypt.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Fifty patients with advanced or metastatic endometrial cancer were enrolled to receive docetaxel 70 mg/m2 administered intravenously on day 1 of a 3-week cycle. If patients responded well to docetaxel, additional cycles were administered until progressive disease or unacceptable toxicity occurred. Therapy response was evaluated every 6 weeks.

RESULTS:
Of 50 patients with a median age of 60 years (range, 40-70 years) who entered the study, 17 patients (34%) had received one prior chemotherapy regimen. All patients were evaluable for efficacy, yielding an overall response rate of 34% (95% confidence interval, 14.8%–55.6%); complete response and partial response (PR) were 4% and 30%, respectively. Of 17 pretreated patients, 5 (29%) had a PR. The median duration of response was 2 months. The median time-to-progression was 4 months and the median survival time was 18 months. The predominant toxicity was grade 3-4 neutropenia, occurring in 92% of the patients, although febrile neutropenia arose in 10% of the patients. Edema was mild and infrequent.

CONCLUSION:
The study clearly demonstrated that docetaxel is active in the treatment of endometrial cancer. Toxicity was manageable and predominantly hematologic.
The hazardous impacts of mining activities on population's health in Blue Nile State - Sudan
Authors: Ali A. Mohammed , Omar F. Idris , Elshayeb Ayman A. 
Published: July 2014

Background: In recent decades the Ingessana Hills, namely the Bao and Jam areas located in the Southwest of the Blue Nile State in Sudan, have been very important areas due to their mining activities. By releasing bio-monitoring systems we can facilitate extensive evaluation of environmental hazards and their impact on human health. Methods: Measurement of the levels of mineral elements traces in villagers' blood samples using atomic absorption spectroscopy and the automated haematology analyser, then comparing them with the control samples taken from the Khartoum State (which has no mining activities). Results: The concentrations of chromium, iron, copper, and cobalt residuals in blood were evaluated regarding sex and location. We found that chromium and iron in the three different areas was P < 0.05, iron values were found to be within the normal ranges. Serum level of chromium in the Jam area population was P < 0.05, copper and cobalt were P>0.05; and the values were found to be in normal reference range, except for chromium which was found to be slightly increased in Jam area. Sex has no influence on chromium, copper and cobalt, but iron was higher in males than females (P>0.05). The haematological values of red blood cells, white blood cells, haemoglobin and packed cell volume were P>0.05 in the Bao and Jam areas. These values among sex groups did not show significant differences except for haemoglobin, which was found to be higher in male groups. Conclusion: The study confirmed that people who reside in the Jam area are exposed to high levels of chromium. This may occur through many routes of exposure, including drinking water (ground water), ingesting food enriched with chromium, or by inhaling dust or fumes that come from chromium mineralisation companies.
Digital Droplet PCR: CNV Analysis and Other Applications
Authors: Mazaika Erica , Homsy Jason 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTDigital droplet PCR (ddPCR) is an assay that combines state‐of‐the‐art microfluidics technology with TaqMan‐based PCR to achieve precise target DNA quantification at high levels of sensitivity and specificity. Because quantification is achieved without the need for standard assays in an easy to interpret, unambiguous digital readout, ddPCR is far simpler, faster, and less error prone than real‐time qPCR. The basic protocol can be modified with minor adjustments to suit a wide range of applications, such as CNV analysis, rare variant detection, SNP genotyping, and transcript quantification. This unit describes the ddPCR workflow in detail for the Bio‐Rad QX100 system, but the theory and data interpretation are generalizable to any ddPCR system. Curr. Protoc. Hum. Genet. 82:7.24.1‐7.24.13. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Dynamics of lithospheric thinning and mantle melting by edge‐driven convection: Application to Moroccan Atlas mountains
Authors: Kaislaniemi Lars , van Hunen Jeroen 
Published: July 2014

AbstractEdge‐driven convection (EDC) forms in the upper mantle at locations of lithosphere thickness gradients, e.g., craton edges. In this study we show how the traditional style of EDC, a convection cell governed by the cold downwelling below an edge alternates with another style of EDC, in which the convection cell forms as a secondary feature with a hot asthenospheric shear flow from underneath the thicker lithosphere. These alternating EDC styles produce episodic lithosphere erosion and decompression melting. Three‐dimensional models of EDC show that convection rolls form perpendicular to the thickness gradient at the lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary. Stagnant‐lid convection scaling laws are used to gain further insight in the underlying physical processes. Application of our models to the Moroccan Atlas mountains region shows that the combination of these two styles of EDC can reproduce many of the observations from the Atlas mountains, including two distinct periods of Cenozoic volcanism, a semicontinuous corridor of thinned lithosphere under the Atlas mountains, and piecewise delamination of the lithosphere. A very good match between observations and numerical models is found for the lithosphere thicknesses across the study area, amounts of melts produced, and the length of the quiet gap in between volcanic episodes show quantitative match to observations.