bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early-time free-surface flow driven by a deforming boundary
Authors: Brasz C. Frederik , Arnold Craig B. , Stone Howard A. , Lister John R. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWhen a solid boundary deforms rapidly into a quiescent liquid layer, a flow is induced that can lead to jet formation. An asymptotic analytical solution is presented for this flow, driven by a solid boundary deforming with dimensionless vertical velocity $V_{b}(x,t)={\it\epsilon}(1+\cos x)\,f(t)$, where the amplitude ${\it\epsilon}$ is small relative to the wavelength and the time dependence $f(t)$ approaches 0 for large $t$. Initially, the flow is directed outwards from the crest of the deformation and slows with the slowing of the boundary motion. A domain-perturbation method is used to reveal that, when the boundary stops moving, nonlinear interactions with the free surface leave a remnant momentum directed back towards the crest, and this momentum can be a precursor to jet formation. This scenario arises in a laser-induced printing technique in which an expanding blister imparts momentum into a liquid film to form a jet. The analysis provides insight into the physics underlying the interaction between the deforming boundary and free surface, in particular, the dependence of the remnant flow on the thickness of the liquid layer and the deformation amplitude and wavelength. Numerical simulations are used to show the range of validity of the analytical results, and the domain-perturbation solution is extended to an axisymmetric domain with a Gaussian boundary deformation to compare with previous numerical simulations of blister-actuated laser-induced forward transfer.
Estimating the latent number of types in growing corpora with reduced cost–accuracy trade-off
Authors: HIDAKA SHOHEI 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThe number of unique words in children's speech is one of most basic statistics indicating their language development. We may, however, face difficulties when trying to accurately evaluate the number of unique words in a child's growing corpus over time with a limited sample size. This study proposes a novel technique to estimate thelatentnumber of words from a series of words uttered by children. This technique utilizes statistical properties of the number of types as a function of the number of sampled tokens. We tested the practical effectiveness of the proposed method in the empirical data analysis of the cross-sectional and longitudinal samples. The converging empirical evidence indicates that the proposed estimator improves the accuracy of vocabulary size estimation over a set of existing estimators. Utilizing this efficient estimator, we propose a new sampling scheme for vocabulary assessment that has lower cost and higher accuracy compared to existing methods.
Ambipolar zinc-polyiodide electrolyte for a high-energy density aqueous redox flow battery
Authors: Li Bin , Nie Zimin , Vijayakumar M. , Li Guosheng , Liu Jun , Sprenkle Vincent , Wang Wei 
Published: February 2015

AbstractRedox flow batteries are receiving wide attention for electrochemical energy storage due to their unique architecture and advantages, but progress has so far been limited by their low energy density (~25 Wh l−1). Here we report a high-energy density aqueous zinc-polyiodide flow battery. Using the highly soluble iodide/triiodide redox couple, a discharge energy density of 167 Wh l−1 is demonstrated with a near-neutral 5.0 M ZnI2 electrolyte. Nuclear magnetic resonance study and density functional theory-based simulation along with flow test data indicate that the addition of an alcohol (ethanol) induces ligand formation between oxygen on the hydroxyl group and the zinc ions, which expands the stable electrolyte temperature window to from −20 to 50 °C, while ameliorating the zinc dendrite. With the high-energy density and its benign nature free from strong acids and corrosive components, zinc-polyiodide flow battery is a promising candidate for various energy storage applications.
The genome of Leishmania panamensis: insights into genomics of the L. (Viannia) subgenus.
Authors: Llanes Alejandro , Restrepo Carlos Mario , Vecchio Gina Del , Anguizola Franklin José , Lleonart Ricardo 
Published: February 2015

AbstractKinetoplastid parasites of the Leishmania genus cause several forms of leishmaniasis. Leishmania species pathogenic to human are separated into two subgenera, Leishmania (Leishmania) and L. (Viannia). Species from the Viannia subgenus cause predominantly cutaneous leishmaniasis in Central and South America, occasionally leading to more severe clinical presentations. Although the genomes of several species of Leishmania have been sequenced to date, only one belongs to this rather different subgenus. Here we explore the unique features of the Viannia subgenus by sequencing and analyzing the genome of L. (Viannia) panamensis. Against a background of conservation in gene content and synteny, we found key differences at the genomic level that may explain the occurrence of molecular processes involving nucleic acid manipulation and differential modification of surface glycoconjugates. These differences may in part explain some phenotypic characteristics of the Viannia parasites, including their increased adaptive capacity and enhanced metastatic ability.
Genetic variants in the Hippo pathway predict biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer
Authors: Huang Chao-Yuan , Huang Shu-Pin , Lin Victor C. , Yu Chia-Cheng , Chang Ta-Yuan , Juang Shin-Hun , Bao Bo-Ying 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWhile localized prostate cancer is potentially curative, many patients still show biochemical recurrence (BCR) after curative treatments such as radical prostatectomy (RP). The Hippo pathway has recently been shown to be an evolutionarily conserved regulator of tissue growth and its perturbation can trigger tumorigenesis. We hypothesize that genetic variants of the Hippo pathway may influence clinical outcomes in localized prostate cancer patients. We genotyped 53 tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from seven core Hippo pathway genes in 246 localized prostate cancer patients treated with RP. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazard models were utilized to identify significant SNPs that correlated with BCR. For replication, five associated SNPs were genotyped in an independent cohort of 212 patients. After adjusting for known clinicopathologic factors, the association between STK3 rs7827435 and BCR (P = 0.018) was replicated in the second stage (P = 0.026; Pcombined = 0.001). Additional integrated in silico analysis provided evidence that rs7827435 affects STK3 expression, which in turn is significantly correlated with tumor aggressiveness and patient prognosis. In conclusion, genetic variants of the Hippo pathway contribute to the variable outcomes of prostate cancer and the discovery of these biomarkers provides a molecular approach for prognostic risk assessment.
The catalytic role of the M2 metal ion in PP2Cα
Authors: Pan Chang , Tang Jun-yi , Xu Yun-fei , Xiao Peng , Liu Hong-da , Wang Hao-an , Wang Wen-bo , Meng Fan-guo , Yu Xiao , Sun Jin-peng 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPP2C family phosphatases (the type 2C family of protein phosphatases; or metal-dependent phosphatase, PPM) constitute an important class of signaling enzymes that regulate many fundamental life activities. All PP2C family members have a conserved binuclear metal ion active center that is essential for their catalysis. However, the catalytic role of each metal ion during catalysis remains elusive. In this study, we discovered that mutations in the structurally buried D38 residue of PP2Cα (PPM1A) redefined the water-mediated hydrogen network in the active site and selectively disrupted M2 metal ion binding. Using the D38A and D38K mutations of PP2Cα as specific tools in combination with enzymology analysis, our results demonstrated that the M2 metal ion determines the rate-limiting step of substrate hydrolysis, participates in dianion substrate binding and stabilizes the leaving group after P-O bond cleavage. The newly characterized catalytic role of the M2 metal ion in this family not only provides insight into how the binuclear metal centers of the PP2C phosphatases are organized for efficient catalysis but also helps increase our understanding of the function and substrate specificity of PP2C family members.
The TLR4 Agonist Fibronectin Extra Domain A is Cryptic, Exposed by Elastase-2; use in a fibrin matrix cancer vaccine
Authors: Julier Ziad , Martino Mikaël M. , de Titta Alexandre , Jeanbart Laura , Hubbell Jeffrey A. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractFibronectin (FN) is an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein including numerous fibronectin type III (FNIII) repeats with different functions. The alternatively spliced FN variant containing the extra domain A (FNIII EDA), located between FNIII 11 and FNIII 12, is expressed in sites of injury, chronic inflammation and solid tumors. Although its function is not well understood, FNIII EDA is known to agonize Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Here, by producing various FN fragments containing FNIII EDA, we found that FNIII EDA's immunological activity depends upon its local intramolecular context within the FN chain. N-terminal extension of the isolated FNIII EDA with its neighboring FNIII repeats (FNIII 9-10-11) enhanced its activity in agonizing TLR4, while C-terminal extension with the native FNIII 12-13-14 heparin-binding domain abrogated it. In addition, we reveal that an elastase 2 cleavage site is present between FNIII EDA and FNIII 12. Activity of the C-terminally extended FNIII EDA could be restored after cleavage of the FNIII 12-13-14 domain by elastase 2. FN being naturally bound to the ECM, we immobilized FNIII EDA-containing FN fragments within a fibrin matrix model along with antigenic peptides. Such matrices were shown to stimulate cytotoxic CD8+ T cell responses in two murine cancer models.
Facile synthesis and characterisation of SiO2@PSS/Ag‐PPy using SiO2@PSS as template
Authors: Zhang Xiongzhi , Huang Yu , Huang Xiyan , Huang Chi , Li Houbin , Yi Shengping , Liu Xinghai 
Published: February 2015

A new route for the in‐situ formation of silver‐polypyrrole (Ag‐PPy) on the layer of SiO2@poly(sodium styrene sulphonate) (SiO2@PSS/Ag‐PPy) composite particles, using SiO2@poly(sodium styrene sulphonate) (SiO2@PSS) particles as a template is presented. The template SiO2@PSS consisting of a SiO2 core and PSS on the surface was prepared by the ‘grafting from’ approach. SiO2@PSS/Ag‐PPy was characterised by transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray powder diffraction, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopic analysis, thermo‐gravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis. The results showed that the SiO2@PSS/Ag‐PPy composites consisting of a spherical structure with a diameter of about 80 nm were successfully fabricated.
A retrospective outcomes evaluation of cannabis use at an addictions center
Authors: Kovac Gil , Abbasi Yasir , Owens David 
Published: February 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to retrospectively evaluate outcomes measured for patients attending the Leeds Addiction Unit (LAU) for cannabis use disorders.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors performed a retrospective evaluation of data for clients referred to LAU for cannabis use disorders. These clients are routinely allocated to a programme of social behaviour and network therapy (SBNT), and methods of monitoring treatment include four questionnaires completed by clients, and the collection of treatment outcomes profile (TOP) data. Data were compared using non-parametric statistical methods.

Findings
– Of 158 clients included in the study, 20 completed the four questionnaires at assessment and follow-up. A statistically significant improvement was found for the outcome measuring level of dependence (p=0.013). TOP data showed significant reduction in the average number of days of cannabis use over the past four weeks (p<0.001) and improved median scores for the client's rating of overall quality of life (p<0.001).

Practical implications
– These findings suggest that treatment using SBNT can result in clinical improvement in cannabis use disorders. The promising results of the UK Alcohol Treatment Trial naturally raised the question as to whether SBNT can be adapted to treat substance use disorders other than alcoholism. This study aims to add to the body of evidence for this proposal.

Originality/value
– This is the first evaluation of the service to measure outcomes for the treatment of cannabis misuse. This study is especially relevant given the recent changes made to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders regarding cannabis use disorders, and has triggered another evaluation of cannabis treatment at LAU looking into specific pharmacotherapy.
JAS delivers cheaper, more effective employee development
Authors: Little Bob 
Published: February 2015

Purpose
– Observes how the introduction of a new learning-management system has made training easier, cheaper and more effective at international freight-forwarder JAS.

Design/methodology/approach
– Examines the reasons for the new system, the form it takes and the advantages it has brought.

Findings
– Explains that using the system makes things easier for the end-users who have one place to go for their learning materials. It has allowed the company to evaluate end-users’ knowledge of products and services.

Practical implications
– Reveals that the cost of delivering each individual piece of learning to any and every user is less than 20 USA cents.

Social implications
– Highlights the benefits of a learning-management system for organizations with large numbers of geographically dispersed employees.

Originality/value
– Describes a system that has helped JAS to standardize its approach to training globally, allowing consistent, controlled messaging and has created a method and process by which JAS can assess and evaluate its employees’ skills, knowledge base and areas for improvement.
An evaluation of peer-led self-management training for people with severe psychiatric diagnoses
Authors: Cyhlarova Eva , Crepaz-Keay David , Reeves Rachel , Morgan Kirsten , Iemmi Valentina , Knapp Martin 
Published: February 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to establish the effectiveness of self-management training as an intervention for people using secondary mental health services.

Design/methodology/approach
– A self-management and peer support intervention was developed and delivered by secondary mental health service users to 262 people with psychiatric diagnoses living in the community. Data on wellbeing and health-promoting behaviour were collected at three time points (baseline, six, and 12 months).

Findings
– Participants reported significant improvements in wellbeing and health-promoting lifestyle six and 12 months after self-management training. Peer-led self-management shows potential to improve long-term health outcomes for people with psychiatric diagnoses.

Research limitations/implications
– Due to the lack of a control group, the positive changes cannot definitively be attributed to the intervention. Other limitations were reliance on self-report measures, and the varying numbers of completers at three time points. These issues will be addressed in future studies.

Practical implications
– The evaluation demonstrated the effectiveness of self-management training for people with psychiatric diagnoses, suggesting self-management training may bring significant wellbeing gains for this group.

Social implications
– This study represents a first step in the implementation of self-management approaches into mental health services. It demonstrates the feasibility of people with psychiatric diagnoses developing and delivering an effective intervention that complements existing services.

Originality/value
– This is the first study to investigate the effectiveness of a self-management training programme developed and delivered by mental health service users in the UK.
Supervisors’ leadership and health science researchers’ intrinsic motivation
Authors: Meng Yi , Zou Liqing , He Jia , Luo Changkun 
Published: February 2015

Purpose– This paper aims to enrich our understanding about the factors which encourage health science researchers’ intrinsic motivation. It integrates leadership theories regarding powers from Western and Eastern cultures to build and test a theoretical model linking two types of leadership (empowering leadership and authoritarian leadership) with intrinsic motivation through psychological empowerment.Design/methodology/approach– This paper tested the hypotheses with a sample of 235 postgraduates working in research groups at a medical university in China, using a two-step analytical strategy of structure equation modeling.Findings– The results showed that the proposed mediation model has a satisfactory fit (χ2/df = 2.24, GFI = 0.92, CFI = 0.94, RMSEA = 0.073). This paper found support for the hypotheses that empowering leadership was positively correlated and authoritarian leadership was negatively correlated with intrinsic motivation through psychological empowerment.Originality/value– This paper provides a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism between leadership-employing powers and intrinsic motivation by an initiative examining a conceptual model including empowering leadership, authoritarian leadership, psychological empowerment and intrinsic motivation. It also provides generalized findings by testing the theories from the industrial world in the area of academia and the theories about the West and the East within Chinese culture.
Does forward-looking non-financial information consistently affect investment efficiency?
Authors: Tan Youchao , Xu Nan , Liu Xiumei , Zeng Cheng 
Published: February 2015

Purpose
– The aim of this paper, which is based on Cheng et al.’s (2012) research, is to re-examines the relationship between a firms’ voluntary disclosure of forward-looking non-financial information (FNFI) and investment efficiency.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors chose firms that publicly traded in the Shenzhen and Shanghai stock markets from 2005 to 2011, a total of 926 firms and 6,482 firm-year. To control the endogeneity problem between FNFI and investment efficiency, the authors lagged the FNFI variable for one year.

Findings
– The authors found that FNFI alleviates a firms’ underinvestment but leads to overinvestment. These effects become gradually weaker over time. In addition, the results indicate that corporate governance helps improve the quality of FNFI, thus boosting investors’ confidence and easing financial constraints.

Research limitations/implications
– The limitations of this paper are mainly focused on the measure of FNFI. The authors only considered the quantity of FNFI disclosed by firms and ignored other characteristics of FNFI.

Originality/value
– Based on Cheng et al.’s (2012) static findings, this paper considers the dynamic role of FNFI in firms’ investment decisions.
Thermal and UV degradation of roselle anthocyanin extract and its mixtures with poly(vinyl alcohol) in different acid
Authors: Lee S.V. , Hadi A.N. , Zainal Abidin Z.H.Z. , Mazni N.A. , Halim N.A. , Usop R. , Hassan H.C. , Majid S.R. , Arof A.K. 
Published: February 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to observe the colour and thermal stability of natural red dye consisting of anthocyanin with addition of different aqueous acids and applied as coating films.

Design/methodology/approach
– The natural red dye was extracted from Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (roselle) flowers and mixed with 1 per cent hydrochloric acid, 5 per cent acetic acid, 5 per cent citric acid and 5 per cent oxalic acid. All the dye samples were exposed to heat and UV-B to observe the colour stability by calculating the half-life and rate of reaction. In coating film application, each of the dye samples was mixed with 25 wt% of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and applied on to a glass substrate. The coating samples’ colour stability was observed by using CIE L*a*b* colour space coordinates. The coating films’ weight loss stability against temperature was observed by using thermogravimetric analysis.

Findings
– Addition of hydrochloric acid enhances the thermal and UV stability of the anthocyanin natural dye. This can be observed from the calculation of the half-life of the dye. The half-life values for the thermal and UV stability studies were 1,155 hours and 210 hours, respectively. In coating films, the sample with addition of acetic acid showed the highest colour stability with colour difference (ΔE*) value 8.95.

Research limitations/implications
– The coating films developed in this work are not suitable to be applied on metal substrates due to the presence of water, which can contribute to the corrosion formation.

Practical implications
– The coating films developed in this work are suitable for washable coating application. In other words, they are non-permanent coatings applied on a glass substrate.

Originality/value
– Development of water-based coatings from PVA binder with anthocyanin colourant is introduced in this study.
Serum vaspin levels: A possible correlation with digital ulcers in patients with systemic sclerosis
Authors: Miura Shunsuke , Asano Yoshihide , Saigusa Ryosuke , Yamashita Takashi , Taniguchi Takashi , Takahashi Takehiro , Ichimura Yohei , Toyama Tetsuo , Tamaki Zenshiro , Tada Yayoi , Sugaya Makoto , Sato Shinichi , Kadono Takafumi 
Published: February 2015

AbstractVaspin is an adipokine implicated in vascular inflammation and remodeling. We herein evaluated the clinical correlation of serum vaspin levels in systemic sclerosis (SSc). Consistent with previous reports, 12% of subjects exhibited serum vaspin levels over 10 ng/mL, likely due to genetic effects. Excluding these subjects, despite no difference between SSc and control subjects, serum vaspin levels were significantly decreased in SSc patients with digital ulcers compared with those without, suggesting the potential contribution of vaspin to digital ulcers of this disease.
Benefits of coloniality: communal defence saves anti‐predator effort in cooperative breeders
Authors: Jungwirth Arne , Josi Dario , Walker Jonas , Taborsky Michael 
Published: February 2015

SummaryMany anti‐predator benefits of group living are predicted to scale with prey density. Nevertheless, evidence for a general density‐dependent increase of prey survival is scarce. A possible reason for this discrepancy is the reduction of costly anti‐predator behaviour of prey with increasing density, which may offset density‐dependent survival gains. Benefits of group living might hence accrue by saved investment into anti‐predator behaviours rather than by increased survival rates.Here, we experimentally presented predators in a colony of the cooperatively breeding cichlid fishNeolamprologus pulcherto study density dependence of their anti‐predator defences. Predation is a driver of the formation and stability of breeding groups in this species, but potential benefits of coloniality are yet unclear. We hypothesised that increased density of breeding groups would either increase total anti‐predator behaviour or allow individuals to reduce their anti‐predator effort due to enhanced predator deterrence from neighbours.Confirming predictions from the second hypothesis, our results show that focal groups invested less into anti‐predator behaviour at higher densities, while neighbouring groups' behaviour compensated for this reduced effort. This resulted in stable levels of anti‐predator behaviours over the entire range of natural densities. Thus, aggregating in colonies allows these fish to save investment in anti‐predator behaviour.These results suggest that the formation of both breeding groups and colonies reflects adaptive responses to high predation pressure in this species. Two different levels of sociality seem to be favoured by the same selective force.Our study provides experimental evidence in nature for an important benefit of coloniality that may explain the concomitant existence of different levels of sociality in many highly social taxa.