bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antipsychotic polypharmacy in schizophrenia patients in China and its association with treatment satisfaction and quality of life: Findings of the third national survey on use of psychotropic medications in China
Authors: Li Qian , Xiang Yu-Tao , Su Yun-Ai , Shu Liang , Yu Xin , Chiu Helen FK , Correll Christoph U , Ungvari Gabor S , Lai Kelly YC , Ma Cui , Wang Gao-Hua , Bai Pei-Shen , Li Tao , Sun Li-Zhong , Shi Jian-Guo , Chen Xian-Sheng , Mei Qi-Yi , Li Ke-Qing , Si Tian-Mei 
Published: June 2014

Objective: This study examined the use, demographic and clinical correlates of antipsychotic polypharmacy (APP) and its associations with treatment satisfaction and quality of life (QOL) in schizophrenia patients in China. Method: A total of 4239 patients in 45 nationwide Chinese psychiatric hospitals/centers were interviewed in 2012 in the third cross-sectional study, with the first two having been conducted in 2002 and 2006. Patients’ socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, including psychopathology, side effects, satisfaction with treatment and QOL, were recorded using a standardized protocol and data collection procedure. Results: The proportion of APP prescriptions in 2012 was 34.2%, which was significantly higher than the frequency of APP in 2002 (26.1%) and 2006 (26.4%) ( p<0.001). Of patients on APP, 91.1% received two antipsychotics, 8.6% received three and 0.3% received four or more antipsychotics. Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that compared to those on antipsychotic monotherapy, patients on APP and their families had lower satisfaction with treatment, had higher QOL in the mental domain, younger age of onset, more side effects, higher doses of antipsychotics and were more likely to receive first-generation antipsychotics and less likely to receive benzodiazepines (total R2=0.31, p<0.001). Conclusions: APP was found in about one in three schizophrenia patients. The prevalence of APP seems to have been increasing since 2002. Considering the increased frequency of drug-induced side effects and the patients’ and their relatives’ dissatisfaction with antipsychotic treatment, further examination of the rationale and appropriateness of APP and its alternatives is warranted.
Team Members’ Interaction Anxiety and Team-Training Effectiveness
Authors: Naber Andrew M. , McDonald Jennifer N. , Asenuga Olabisi A. , Arthur Winfred 
Published: June 2014

Objective: In the present study, we examined the relationship between team members’ interaction anxiety and team-training effectiveness. Background: Training in the context of teams can be focused on either individual or team outcomes. Relatedly, the individual differences of team members can hinder or facilitate the effectiveness of training for both individuals and the team as a collective. Interaction anxiety is an understudied individual difference that has been shown to be negatively related to training effectiveness in individual contexts. However, its effects in team-training contexts are yet to be investigated. Method: A sample of 492 students in 123 four-person teams was trained to operate a complex, computer-based team task. Results: Interaction anxiety negatively related to team cohesion and team-training effectiveness. A cusp catastrophe model fit the data and showed that teams with more than one high-interaction-anxiety member were negatively affected. Conclusion: Interaction anxiety inhibits the social activities of team training, in turn reducing team-training effectiveness when there is more than one high-interaction-anxiety individual on the training team. Application: These results highlight the importance of examining interaction anxiety as a training team compositional variable that may inhibit behaviors and team processes necessary to capitalize on the positive social activities on which team training depends since the interaction anxiety composition of training teams may serve as an important boundary condition on the effectiveness team-training interventions.
Chest Radiological Findings of Patients With Severe H1N1 Pneumonia Requiring Intensive Care
Authors: Rohani Payam , Jude Cecilia M. , Chan Kelvin , Barot Nikhil , Kamangar Nader 
Published: June 2014

Introduction: A new strain of human influenza A (H1N1) virus originated from Mexico in 2009 and spread to more than 190 countries and territories. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared it a level 6 (highest level) pandemic. In August 2010, WHO announced that the H1N1 2009 influenza virus had moved into the postpandemic period. The WHO also declared that this flu strain is expected to continue to circulate as a seasonal virus “for some years to come.” The objective of this study is to describe the chest radiographic and computed tomography (CT) findings of patients with severe H1N1 pneumonia admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) during the 2009 pandemic. Hypothesis: Patients with severe H1N1 pneumonia requiring ICU admission have extensive radiographic and CT abnormalities. Methods: Eighteen patients, aged 23 to 62 (mean 41), admitted to the ICU at UCLA-Olive View Medical Center with a primary diagnosis of pandemic H1N1 infection, confirmed either via rapid influenza detection test or by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay, formed the study population. All patients had chest x-ray (CXR) within 24 hours of admission and 5 patients had CT examinations. In this retrospective study, images were evaluated for the pattern (ground-glass opacities, consolidation, reticular opacities, and nodular opacities), distribution (unilateral/bilateral, upper/middle/lower lung zone, and central/peripheral/peribronchovascular), and extent (focal/multifocal/diffuse; number of lung zones) of abnormalities. Results: All (100%) patients had abnormal CXR and CT studies. The predominant radiographic findings were ground-glass opacities (16 of 18; 89%), consolidation (16 of 18; 89%), and reticular opacities (6 of 18, 33%). The radiographic abnormalities were bilateral in 17 (94%) patients; involved lower lung distribution in 18 (100%) patients, and mid and lower lung distribution in 16 (89%) patients. Radiographic abnormalities were peribronchovascular in 11 (61%) patients and multifocal in 10 (56%). Sixteen (89%) patients had extensive abnormalities involving 3 or more lung zones. The patients requiring mechanical ventilation had a higher incidence of bilateral, diffuse consolidation in a peribronchovascular distribution on chest radiographs. The predominant CT abnormalities were consolidation (5 of 5; 100%), ground-glass opacities (5 of 5; 100%), and nodular opacities (3 of 5, 60%). The CT findings were peribronchovascular and multifocal in 4 (80%) patients and extensive and bilateral in all (100%) patients. Conclusions: Patients with H1N1 pneumonia admitted to the ICU had bilateral, extensive CXR, and CT abnormalities. Consolidations and ground-glass opacities were the most common imaging findings, predominantly affecting mid and lower lung zones. Imaging abnormalities were peribronchovascular and multifocal in a majority of patients.
Curriculum Movement of Clothing and Textiles Programs from Four-Year to Two-Year Colleges
Authors: Dickerson Kitty G. , Clowes Darrel A. 
Published: June 2014

Two-year clothing and textiles programs have increased dramatically in recent years and show many similarities to their counterparts in four-year colleges and universities. Through a survey of two-year institutions, the authors sought to (1) determine the extent to which clothing and textiles programs exist in these institutions, (2) trace and illustrate the four-year college's influence on the curriculum o f the two-year programs in clothing and textiles, and (3) determine if programs developed similarly in the different types of two-year schools. A summary o f results from 176 participating institutions (66.4 % o f those identified as having clothing and textiles programs) indicated that two-year programs are numerous and are serving large numbers of students. The strong in fluence o f the four-year model for home economics was evidenced in organizational patterns, courses of study, some o f the program goals and employment patterns o f graduates, use of the typical academic year format, inclusion o f general education requirements, and concern for academic credentials o f faculty. Certain aspects of curriculum movement varied within the different types of two-year institutions but, in general, the heritage of four-year programs was evident throughout. Results have implications for educators in both four-year and two-year programs to initiate cooperative strategies to make the two types o f programs complementary rather than duplicative and/or competitive.
Attire, Physical Appearance, and First Impressions: More Is Less
Authors: Lennon Sharron J. , Miller Franklin G. 
Published: June 2014

The present research modeled research on trait descriptive adjectives (Anderson, 1968, 1971, 1974, 1979; Zanna and Hamilton, 1972) and examined the manner in which the impact of a target physical appearance cue changes as a function of the number and type of other identifiable physical appearance cues available. In a procedure similar to that used by Zanna and Hamilton (1972), subjects viewed and rated 16 slides of stimulus persons, each of which varied in physical appearance. The 16 slides were developed from a factorial combination of four specific physical appearance cues identified in terms of deviations from a standard. Three separate experiments were conducted. The physical appearance cues were categorized into two types according to whether they were relevant for social situations or task-related situations. A 25 factorial design was used with repeated measurements on each factor. In accord with the basic theory, it was hypothesized that the impact of a single physical appearance cue will be affected by the presence or absence of other such cues. An analysis of variance was conducted and results of the statistical analysis supported the hypothesis. The impact of any one cue was found to decrease in the presence of similar cues but was found to increase in the presence of dissimilar cues. These results imply that a given cue will have diminishing impact on first impressions when presented with similar cues but will have an increasing impact on first impressions when presented with dissimilar cues.
Effects of Situational and Individual Influences on the Selection of Daily Clothing
Authors: Kwon Yoon-Hee 
Published: June 2014

This study examined the daily clothing selection from the perspective of consumer decision process by (1) testing the actual existence ofexogenous and endogenous dimensions of situational influence and clothing orientation of individual influence affecting the selection of daily clothing using factor analysis; (2) testing the hypothesis that, in the case of daily clothing selection, situational influence is mostly exogenous in nature; and (3) pilot testing the situational and individual influences on three different female populations of college, professional, and suburban/nonworking women. Three different female populations which consisted of 385 college women, 62 professional women, and 65 suburban/nonworking women were surveyed to determine the difference in emphasis placed on situational and individual influences. The result of the principal axis factor analysis indicated that the situational influences which affect one's selection of daily clothing are mostly exogenous in nature. The exogenous factor of situational influence possessed the highestfactor loadings and greatest numberof variables. Research also indicated that the endogenous clothing variables measured the self-enhancement aspect of human behavior related to clothing. Results of analysis of variance and the Scheffe' test suggested that the three groups of women differed in the degree of influence they received from three factors. The exogenous factor of situational influence and clothing orientation of individual influence affected the studentgroup the most for the selection ofdaily clothing while the endogenous factor influenced the suburban group the most.
The Effects of Environmental Attitudes on Apparel Purchasing Behavior
Authors: Butler Sara M. , Francis Sally 
Published: June 2014

Although consumers' environmental concern has increased, little empirical research regarding environmental attitudes and clothing purchasing behavior has been reported. This study builds on the limited amount of research by employing a theoretical framework that focuses on endogenous and exogenous conditions that affect attitudes and behavior. The final sample of 402 women resulted from a national random sample of 1000. A survey measuring general environmental and clothing environmental attitudes, and environmental consideration when making clothing purchases was developed. Factor analysis reduced the attitude items to three general environmental factors and two clothing environmental factors. Path analysis was employed to examine the relationships among variables. Results revealed that demographic characteristics influenced general environmental attitudes which in turn influenced clothing environmental attitudes which ultimately impacts clothing purchasing behavior. Results further explicated the existing theoretical framework and provided support for a sequential approach.
Cultural Authentication Refined: The Case of the Hawaiian Holokuū
Authors: Arthur Linda Boynton 
Published: June 2014

In this paper, the concept of cultural authentication, a theoretical construct to investigate assimilation of : material culture, is refined. The concept was originally introduced by Erekosima. In subsequent years, Eicher and Erekosima proposed four progressive levels of cultural authentication: (1) selection, (2) characterization, (3) incorporation, and (4) transformation. These stages were proposed as occurring in a fixed order. The holokū, an 1820 adaptation of western dress, is definitive of Hawaiian ethnicity. In this case study, selection was followed by transformation, then incorporation, and finally, characterization. While the concept of cultural authentication was useful for analysis of cultural diffusion of the holokū, the fixed order of the stages of cultural authentication is problematic. When an indigenous culture adopts and incorporates a western item, it is culturally authentic by virtue of its embeddedness. Cultural authenticity of an item is not reduced should the stages occur in a different order than that proposed by Eicher and Erekosima.
Comparing Cognition, Mealtime Performance, and Nutritional Status in People With Dementia With or Without Ideational Apraxia
Authors: Wu Hua-Shan , Lin Li-Chan 
Published: June 2014

Objective: To describe the prevalence rate of ideational apraxia (IA) affecting self-feeding in people with dementia, confirm the stage of dementia at which IA most commonly occurs, and compare mealtime performance and nutritional status between people with dementia (PWD) with and without IA. Method: A cross-sectional design with between-subject comparison was used. Among the 395 potential participants recruited from dementia special care units at nine long-term care facilities in central and northern Taiwan, 98 met the operational definition of IA and were included in the PWD with IA group. From the remaining pool, 98 participants, matched for age and sex with the PWD with IA group, were randomly allocated to the PWD without IA group. Eating Behavior Scale (EBS) scores, food intake, total eating time, meal assistance, body mass index, Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA), and Mini-Mental State Examination scores were collected. Results: The prevalence rate of IA affecting self-feeding in our study population of PWD was 24.8%. PWD with IA had significantly lower EBS scores, had more food intake ( p < .001), spent more time being fed by caregivers, needed more verbal and feeding assistance, and had lower MNA scores than PWD without IA. Decline in the self-feeding ability of PWD affected by IA most commonly occurred in the severe stage of dementia. Conclusion: When dementia progresses to the late stage, staff should pay special attention to residents’ mealtime performance and nutritional status. For PWD with IA, reassigning staff at mealtimes based on eating ability and providing memory training are recommended.
Optimal target range for blood glucose in hyperglycaemic patients in a neurocritical care unit
Authors: Guo Yi-Jing , Zhou Yi , Zhang Sheng-Yi , Wei Qiong , Huang Yan , Xia Wen-Qing , Wang Shao-Hua 
Published: June 2014

Background: Hyperglycaemia is common among patients with critical neurological injury, even if they have no history of diabetes. The optimal target range for normalizing their blood glucose is unknown. Methods: Retrospective data were extracted from 890 hyperglycaemic individuals (glucose > 200 mg/dL) admitted to neuroscience critical care unit (NCCU) and these patients were divided into two groups: intensive glucose control group with target glucose of < 140 mg/dL achieved and moderate control with glucose levels 140-180 mg/dL. The groups were also stratified according to the hyperglycaemia type (pre-existing diabetes or stress-related). We defined the primary endpoint as death from any cause during NCCU admission. Results: In NCCU, tighter control of blood glucose at ≤ 140 mg/dL was associated with increased, mortality of individuals with pre-existing diabetes compared with moderate control [29 of 310 patients (9.4%) vs 15 of 304 patients (4.9%), p = 0.034]. Patient age [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.12; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.05–1.19; p < 0.001], level of glycated haemoglobin (adjusted OR = 1.24; 95% CI = 1.04–1.48; p = 0.017) and hypoglycaemia (adjusted OR = 10.3; 95% CI = 2.92–36.6; p < 0.001) were positively associated with higher mortality. Death rate was lower among stress-related hyperglycaemic patients with tighter glucose controlled at ≤ 140 mg/dL [6 of 140 patients (4.3%) vs 15 of 136 patients (11.0%), p = 0.035]. Conclusion: A differential association is evident between glucose levels and mortality in diabetes and stress-related hyperglycaemia patients. However, given the observational nature of our work, no clinical recommendations can be given and prospective studies are required to further investigate these findings.
Evolving use of new oral anticoagulants for treatment of venous thromboembolism
Authors: Yeh Calvin H. , Gross Peter L. , Weitz Jeffrey I. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The new oral anticoagulants (NOACs), which include dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban, are poised to replace warfarin for treatment of the majority of patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE). With a rapid onset of action and the capacity to be administered in fixed doses without routine coagulation monitoring, NOACs streamline VTE treatment. In phase 3 trials in patients with acute symptomatic VTE, NOACs have been shown to be noninferior to conventional anticoagulant therapy for prevention of recurrence and are associated with less bleeding. Rivaroxaban and dabigatran are already licensed for VTE treatment in the United States, and apixaban and edoxaban are under regulatory consideration for this indication. As the number of approved drugs increases, clinicians will need to choose the right anticoagulant for the right VTE patient. To help with this decision, this review (1) compares the pharmacologic profiles of the NOACs, (2) outlines the unique design features of the phase 3 trials that evaluated the NOACs for VTE treatment, (3) reviews the results of these trials highlighting similarities and differences in the findings, (4) provides perspective about which VTE patients should receive conventional treatment or are candidates for NOACs, and (5) offers suggestions about how to choose among the NOACs.
Impact of iron overload and potential benefit from iron chelation in low-risk myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Shenoy Niraj , Vallumsetla Nishanth , Rachmilewitz Eliezer , Verma Amit , Ginzburg Yelena 
Published: June 2014

AbstractMyelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) are a group of heterogeneous clonal bone marrow disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis, peripheral blood cytopenias, and potential for malignant transformation. Lower/intermediate-risk MDSs are associated with longer survival and high red blood cell (RBC) transfusion requirements resulting in secondary iron overload. Recent data suggest that markers of iron overload portend a relatively poor prognosis, and retrospective analysis demonstrates that iron chelation therapy is associated with prolonged survival in transfusion-dependent MDS patients. New data provide concrete evidence of iron’s adverse effects on erythroid precursors in vitro and in vivo. Renewed interest in the iron field was heralded by the discovery of hepcidin, the main serum peptide hormone negative regulator of body iron. Evidence from β-thalassemia suggests that regulation of hepcidin by erythropoiesis dominates regulation by iron. Because iron overload develops in some MDS patients who do not require RBC transfusions, the suppressive effect of ineffective erythropoiesis on hepcidin may also play a role in iron overload. We anticipate that additional novel tools for measuring iron overload and a molecular-mechanism–driven description of MDS subtypes will provide a deeper understanding of how iron metabolism and erythropoiesis intersect in MDSs and improve clinical management of this patient population.
Inhaled antibiotics for stable non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis: a systematic review
Authors: Brodt Alessandra Monteiro , Stovold Elizabeth , Zhang Linjie 
Published: June 2014

We conducted a meta-analysis of randomised trials to evaluate the efficacy and safety of inhaled antibiotics in patients with stable non-cystic fibrosis (CF) bronchiectasis.We searched the Cochrane Airways Group Register of Trials from inception until March 2014.12 trials with 1264 adult patients were included, of which five were unpublished studies. Eight trials on 590 patients contributed data to the meta-analysis. Amikacin, aztreonam, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, colistin or tobramycin were used for 4 weeks to 12 months. Inhaled antibiotics were more effective than placebo or symptomatic treatment in reducing sputum bacterial load (five trials; weighted mean difference −2.65 log10CFU·g−1, 95% CI -4.38– -0.92 log10CFU·g−1), eradicating the bacteria from sputum (six trials; risk ratio 4.2, 95% CI 1.66–10.64) and reducing the risk of acute exacerbations (five trials; risk ratio 0.72, 95% CI 0.55–0.94). Bronchospasm occurred in 10% of patients treated with inhaled antibiotics compared with 2.3% in the control group (seven trials; risk ratio 2.96, 95% CI 1.30–6.73), but the two groups had the same withdrawal rate due to adverse events (12.2%).Inhaled antibiotics may provide an effective suppressive antibiotic therapy with an acceptable safety profile in adult patients with stable non-CF bronchiectasis and chronic bronchial infection.