bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in response to three test positions and two frequencies
Authors: Todai Janvi K. , Congdon Sharon L. , Sangi‐Haghpeykar Haleh , Cohen Helen S. 
Published: October 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo determine how eye closure, test positions, and stimulus frequencies influence ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials.Study DesignThis study used a within‐subjects repeated measures design.MethodsTwenty asymptomatic subjects were each tested on ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in three head/eye conditions at 500 Hz and 1,000 Hz using air‐conducted sound: 1) sitting upright, head erect, eyes open, looking up; 2) lying supine, neck flexed 30°, eyes open, looking up; and 3) lying supine, neck flexed 30°, eyes closed, relaxed. The four dependent variables measured were n10, p16, amplitude, and threshold.ResultsSupine/eyes open was comparable to sitting/eyes open and better than supine/eyes closed. Eyes closed resulted in lower amplitude, higher threshold, and prolonged latency. Significantly fewer subjects provided responses with eyes closed than with eyes open. No significant differences were found between both eyes open conditions. Both n10 and p16 were lower at 1,000 Hz than at 500 Hz. Amplitude and threshold were higher at 1,000 Hz than at 500 Hz.ConclusionsSupine/eyes open is a reliable alternative to sitting/eyes open in patients who cannot maintain a seated position. Testing at 1,000 Hz provides a larger response with a faster onset that fatigues faster than at 500 Hz. The increased variability and decreased response in the eyes closed position suggest that the eyes closed position is not reliable.Level of Evidence3b Laryngoscope, 124:E237–E240, 2014
Alkylphosphocholines as Promising Antitumor Agents: Exploring the Role of Structural Features on the Hemolytic Potential
Authors: de Sá Matheus Malta , Pasqualoto Kerly Fernanda Mesquita , Modestia Silvestre Massimo , Rangel‐Yagui Carlota O. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAlkylphosphocholines (APC) are promising antitumor agents, which have the cellular membrane as primary target; however, red blood cell damage limits their wide therapeutic use. A variety of APC analogs has been synthesized and tested showing less hemolytic effect than the class prototype, Miltefosine (HePC). In this work, chemometric methods were applied to a set of 34 APC derivatives to identify the most relevant structural and molecular features of hemolytic activity. The APC derivatives were divided into three groups: (i) N‐methylpiperidine and N‐methylmorpholine derivatives with a long alkyl chain or flexible cyclopentadecyl rings, displaying a hemolytic rate of 17 %; (ii) adamantyl and cyclopentadecyl derivatives, showing an average hemolysis of 39 %; and, N,N,N‐trimethylammonium, trans‐N,N,N‐trimethylcyclohexanamine, and trans‐N,N,N‐trimethylcyclopentanamine derivatives, whose average hemolysis was 41 %. The findings suggested that the presence of either bulky cationic head groups, or rings such as adamantyl and cyclohexyl, primarily increases the hemolysis of compounds with eleven atoms in the alkyl chain. Moreover, the macrocyclic cyclopentadecyl seems to be important to the hemolytic potential especially of compounds with five carbon atoms in the alkyl chain. Regarding linear carbon chain derivatives with no ring substitution, less bulky cationic head groups seem to favor hemolysis. Thus, in order to design more potent and less toxic APC antitumors, the reported structural/molecular patterns should not be included in their structure.
Block fracturing analysis using nodal‐based discontinuous deformation analysis with the double minimization procedure
Authors: Tian Qian , Zhao Zhiye , Bao Huirong 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYAs a hybrid method, the nodal‐based discontinuous deformation analysis (NDDA) greatly improves the stress accuracy within each DDA block by coupling a well‐defined finite element mesh inside the DDA block; at the same time, the NDDA inherits the unique block kinematics of the standard DDA method. Each finite element mesh line inside the DDA block is treated as a potential crack, which enables the transformation of the block material from continuum to discontinuum through the tensile and shear fracturing mechanism. This paper introduces a double minimization procedure into the NDDA method to further improve the accuracy of the stresses evaluated at the finite element mesh lines and thus to obtain a more realistic fracture model. Three numerical examples are employed to demonstrate the improved stress accuracy by the implemented double minimization procedure and the accuracy and capability of the enhanced NDDA method in capturing brittle fracturing process. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polyamine Ligand‐Mediated Self‐Assembly of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles into Chainlike Structures in Aqueous Solution: Towards New Nanostructured Chemosensors
Authors: Fernández‐Lodeiro Adrián , Fernández‐Lodeiro Javier , Núñez Cristina , Bastida Rufina , Capelo José Luis , Lodeiro Carlos 
Published: October 2013

AbstractFeatured on this month′s cover are the results of collaborative work between the research group at the University Nova of Lisbon, Faculty of Science and Technology, BIOSCOPE‐NanOmics in Portugal, and the group at the University of Santiago de Compostela, Faculty of Chemistry in Spain. The cover picture represents the ability of silver and gold nanoparticles to form 1D nanostructured materials in the presence of polyamine ligands. These self‐assembled nanoparticles are able to sense Hg2+ metal ions in water and can potentially be used as chromogenic and fluorogenic sensors. For more details, see the Full Paper on page 200 ff.
Identification of a protein signature in renal allograft rejection
Authors: Cibrik Diane M. , Warner Roscoe L. , Kommareddi Mallika , Song Peter , Luan Fu L. , Johnson Kent J. 
Published: October 2013

PurposeSerum creatinine functions as a poor surrogate marker of renal allograft dysfunction and long‐term graft survival. By measuring multiple proteins simultaneously in the serum of transplant patients, we can identify unique protein signatures of graft dysfunction.Experimental designWe utilized training and validation cohorts composed of healthy and volunteer subjects, stable renal transplant patients, and renal transplant patients experiencing acute allograft rejection. Utilizing our antibody microarray, we measured 108 proteins simultaneously in these groups.ResultsUsing Mann–Whitney tests with Bonferroni correction, we identified ten serum proteins from 19 renal transplant patients with stable renal function, which are differentially expressed, compared to healthy control subjects. In addition, we identified 17 proteins that differentiate rejecting renal transplant recipients from stable renal transplant. Validation cohorts substantiated these findings.Conclusion and clinical relevanceOur preliminary results support that a specific pattern of protein expression or “protein signature” may be able to differentiate between stable transplant patients from those with rejection. Future studies will focus on other etiologies of renal allograft dysfunction and the effect of treatment on protein expression and long‐term outcome.
Modeling of the Agglomeration Phenomena in Combustion of Aluminized Composite Solid Propellant
Authors: Yavor Yinon , Gany Alon , Beckstead Merrill W. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA theoretical model was developed in order to predict the size of agglomerates ejected from aluminized composite solid propellants. The model accounts for aspects of both mechanistic and geometric approaches. A thin mobile surface layer is assumed to dominate particle accumulation. Agglomeration number Nag expressing the ratio between ignition and accumulation times, was found to greatly affect the characteristics of agglomeration phenomena, as noted in previous works. The concept of a characteristic distance De of the mobile surface layer was introduced, depending mostly on coarse AP particle diameter and loading. It was found to have a significant effect on the resulting agglomerate diameter. An agglomeration threshold was defined as the particle diameter equal to the mobile layer thickness. Particles smaller than this threshold have shown tendency to form large agglomerates, whereas particles with a somewhat larger diameter have demonstrated faster ignition and smaller ejected agglomerates. Model predictions for a number of propellant compositions showed good agreement with other theoretical studies as well as with experimental results.
Crystal structure of a putative quorum sensing‐regulated protein (PA3611) from the Pseudomonas‐specific DUF4146 family
Authors: Das Debanu , Chiu Hsiu‐Ju , Farr Carol L. , Grant Joanna C. , Jaroszewski Lukasz , Knuth Mark W. , Miller Mitchell D. , Tien Henry J. , Elsliger Marc‐André , Deacon Ashley M. , Godzik Adam , Lesley Scott A. , Wilson Ian A. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTPseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen commonly found in humans and other organisms and is an important cause of infection especially in patients with compromised immune defense mechanisms. The PA3611 gene of P. aeruginosa PAO1 encodes a secreted protein of unknown function, which has been recently classified into a small Pseudomonas‐specific protein family called DUF4146. As part of our effort to extend structural coverage of novel protein space and provide a structure‐based functional insight into new protein families, we report the crystal structure of PA3611, the first structural representative of the DUF4146 protein family. Proteins 2014; 82:1086–1092. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The stability of Taq DNA polymerase results from a reduced entropic folding penalty; identification of other thermophilic proteins with similar folding thermodynamics
Authors: Liu Chin‐Chi , LiCata Vince J. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThe thermal stability of Taq DNA polymerase is well known, and is the basis for its use in PCR. A comparative thermodynamic characterization of the large fragment domains of Taq (Klentaq) and E. coli (Klenow) DNA polymerases has been performed by obtaining full Gibbs‐Helmholtz stability curves of the free energy of folding (ΔG) versus temperature. This analysis provides the temperature dependencies of the folding enthalpy and entropy (ΔH and ΔS), and the heat capacity (ΔCp) of folding. If increased or enhanced non‐covalent bonding in the native state is responsible for enhanced thermal stabilization of a protein, as is often proposed, then an enhanced favourable folding enthalpy should, in general, be observed for thermophilic proteins. However, for the Klenow–Klentaq homologous pair, the folding enthalpy (ΔHfold) of Klentaq is considerably less favorable than that of Klenow at all temperatures. In contrast, it is found that Klentaq's extreme free energy of folding (ΔGfold) originates from a significantly reduced entropic penalty of folding (ΔSfold). Furthermore, the heat capacity changes upon folding are similar for Klenow and Klentaq. Along with this new data, comparable extended analysis of available thermodynamic data for 17 other mesophilic–thermophilic protein pairs (where enough applicable thermodynamic data exists) shows a similar pattern in seven of the 18 total systems. When analyzed with this approach, the more familiar “reduced ΔCp mechanism” for protein thermal stabilization (observed in a different six of the 18 systems) frequently manifests as a temperature dependent shift from enthalpy driven stabilization to a reduced‐entropic‐penalty model. Proteins 2014; 82:785–793. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Vector population manipulation for control of arboviruses – a novel prospect for India
Authors: Niranjan Reddy BP , Gupta Bhavna , Rao B Prasad 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIndia, the seventh largest country in the world, has diverse geographical and climatic regions with vast rural and peri‐urban areas. Many are experiencing an escalation in the spread and intensity of numerous human diseases transmitted by insects. Classically, the management of these vector‐borne diseases is underpinned by either chemical insecticides and/or environmental management targeted at the vector. However, these methods or their present implementation do not offer acceptable levels of control, and more effective and sustainable options are now available. Genetic strategies for the prevention of arbovirus transmission are most advanced for dengue and chikungunya, targeting their primary vector, Aedes aegypti. The national burden in terms of morbidity and mortality as a direct consequence of dengue virus in India is considered to be the largest worldwide, over 4 times that of any other country. Presently, new genetic technologies are undergoing field evaluation of their biosafety and efficacy in several countries. This paper discusses the merits of these approaches and argues for fair and transparent appraisal in India as a matter of urgency. Identification of any associated risks and their appropriate mitigation are fundamental to that process. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Ion mobility mass spectrometry analysis of isomeric disaccharide precursor, product and cluster ions
Authors: Li Hongli , Bendiak Brad , Siems William F. , Gang David R. , Hill Herbert H. 
Published: October 2013

RATIONALECarbohydrates are highly variable in structure owing to differences in their anomeric configurations, monomer stereochemistry, inter‐residue linkage positions and general branching features. The separation of carbohydrate isomers poses a great challenge for current analytical techniques.METHODSThe isomeric heterogeneity of disaccharide ions and monosaccharide‐glycolaldehyde product ions was evaluated using electrospray traveling wave ion mobility mass spectrometry (Synapt G2 high‐definition mass spectrometer) in both positive and negative ion modes.RESULTSThe separation of isomeric disaccharide ions was observed but not fully achieved based on their mobility profiles. The mobilities of isomeric product ions, the monosaccharide‐glycolaldehydes, derived from different disaccharide isomers were measured. Multiple mobility peaks were observed for both monosaccharide‐glycolaldehyde cations and anions, indicating that there was more than one structural configuration in the gas phase as verified by NMR in solution. More importantly, the mobility patterns for isomeric monosaccharide‐glycolaldehyde product ions were different, which enabled partial characterization of their respective disaccharide ions. Abundant disaccharide cluster ions were also observed. The results showed that a majority of isomeric cluster ions had different drift times and, moreover, more than one mobility peak was detected for a number of specific cluster ions.CONCLUSIONSIt is demonstrated that ion mobility mass spectrometry is an advantageous method to assess the isomeric heterogeneity of carbohydrate compounds. It is capable of differentiating different types of carbohydrate ions having identical m/z values as well as multiple structural configurations of single compounds. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing the barriers to image‐guided drug delivery
Authors: Lanza Gregory M. , Moonen Chrit , Baker James R. , Chang Esther , Cheng Zheng , Grodzinski Piotr , Ferrara Katherine , Hynynen Kullervo , Kelloff Gary , Lee Yong‐Eun Koo , Patri Anil K. , Sept David , Schnitzer Jan E. , Wood Bradford J. , Zhang Miqin , Zheng Gang , Farahani Keyvan 
Published: October 2013

Imaging has become a cornerstone for medical diagnosis and the guidance of patient management. A new field called image‐guided drug delivery (IGDD) now combines the vast potential of the radiological sciences with the delivery of treatment and promises to fulfill the vision of personalized medicine. Whether imaging is used to deliver focused energy to drug‐laden particles for enhanced, local drug release around tumors, or it is invoked in the context of nanoparticle‐based agents to quantify distinctive biomarkers that could risk stratify patients for improved targeted drug delivery efficiency, the overarching goal of IGDD is to use imaging to maximize effective therapy in diseased tissues and to minimize systemic drug exposure in order to reduce toxicities. Over the last several years, innumerable reports and reviews covering the gamut of IGDD technologies have been published, but inadequate attention has been directed toward identifying and addressing the barriers limiting clinical translation. In this consensus opinion, the opportunities and challenges impacting the clinical realization of IGDD‐based personalized medicine were discussed as a panel and recommendations were proffered to accelerate the field forward. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2014, 6:1–14. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1247This article is categorized under:

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Archivierung von Genomdaten
Authors: Grütz R. , Mathieu N. , Löhnhardt B. , Weil P. , Krawczak M. 
Published: October 2013

Zusammenfassung
Angesichts der zunehmenden Datenflut in der Genomforschung wird ein effizientes Forschungsdatenmanagement, verbunden mit einer sicheren und nachhaltigen Archivierung, auch in diesem Wissenschaftsbereich immer wichtiger. Der letzte von 3 Artikeln der Reihe „Forschungsdatenmanagement von Genomdaten“ beschreibt allgemein den Lebenszyklus von Forschungsdaten – ausgehend von deren Planung, über die Auswahl und Übernahme der Daten für die Speicherung bis hin zu notwendigen Erhaltungsmaßnahmen und dem Zugriff durch Datennutzer. Archive spielen in fast allen Phasen dieses Zyklus eine Rolle und bilden daher eine wichtige Komponente der Verarbeitung von Genomdaten. Beispielhaft werden 3 öffentliche europäische Archive für Genomdaten vorgestellt: die Datenbank des European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), das Sequence Read Archive und das Trace Archive. Da jede dieser Einrichtungen jedoch auf eine bestimmte Art von Daten spezialisiert ist, bleibt ein Bedarf an zusätzlichen Langzeitarchiven, die flexibel mit verschiedenen Datentypen umgehen bzw. auf zusätzliche Datentypen erweitert werden können. Für solche Archive wird ein generisches Konzept beschrieben und mit Empfehlungen für dessen praktische Umsetzung verbunden.
Cell size anomalies in the auditory thalamus of rats with hypoxic‐ischemic injury on postnatal day 3 or 7
Authors: Alexander Michelle , Garbus Haley , Smith Amanda L. , Fitch R. Holly 
Published: October 2013

AbstractChildren born prematurely (<37 weeks gestational age) or at very low birth weight (VLBW; <1500 g) are at increased risk for hypoxic ischemic (HI) brain injuries. Term infants can also suffer HI from birth complications. In both groups, blood/oxygen delivery to the brain is compromised, often resulting in brain damage and later cognitive delays (e.g., language deficits). Literature suggests that language delays in a variety of developmentally impaired populations (including specific language impairment (SLI), dyslexia, and early HI‐injury) may be associated with underlying deficits in rapid auditory processing (RAP; the ability to process and discriminate brief acoustic cues). Data supporting a relationship between RAP deficits and poor language outcomes is consistent with the “magnocellular theory,” which purports that damage to or loss of large (magnocellular) cells in thalamic nuclei could underlie disruptions in temporal processing of sensory input, possibly including auditory (medial geniculate nucleus; MGN) information This theory could be applied to neonatal HI populations that show subsequent RAP deficits. In animal models of neonatal HI, persistent RAP deficits are seen in postnatal (P)7 HI injured rats (who exhibit neuropathology comparable to term birth injury), but not in P1‐3 HI injured rodents (who exhibit neuropathology comparable to human pre‐term injury). The current study sought to investigate the mean cell size, cell number, and cumulative probability of cell size in the MGN of P3 HI and P7 HI injured male rats that had previously demonstrated behavioral RAP deficits. Pilot data from our lab (Alexander, 2011) previously revealed cell size abnormalities (a shift toward smaller cells) in P7 but not P1 HI injured animals when compared to shams. Our current finding support this result, with evidence of a significant shift to smaller cells in the experimental MGN of P7 HI but not P3 HI subjects. P7 HI animals also showed significantly fewer cells in the affected (right) MGN as compared P3 HI and shams animals. Moreover, cell number in the right hemisphere was found to correlate with gap detection (fewer cells = worse performance) in P7 HI injured subjects. These findings could be applied to clinical populations, providing an anatomic marker that may index potential long‐term language disabilities in HI injured infants and possibly other at‐risk populations.
Abortion care for adolescent and young women
Authors: Renner Regina‐Maria , de Guzman Anna , Brahmi Dalia 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundUnintended pregnancy among adolescents (10–19 years) and young women (20–24 years) is a global public health problem. Adolescents face challenges in accessing safe abortion care.ObjectiveTo determine, via a systematic data review, whether abortion care for adolescent and young women differs clinically from that for older women.MethodsIn a comprehensive data review, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, and POPLINE databases were searched from the earliest data entered until November 2012. Randomized controlled trials and observational studies comparing effectiveness, safety, acceptability, and long‐term sequelae of abortion care between adolescent/young women and older women were identified. Two reviewers independently extracted data, and the Cochrane guidelines and Newcastle–Ottawa Scale were used for quality assessment.ResultsIn total, there were 25 studies including 346 000 women undergoing first‐ and second‐trimester medical abortion, vacuum aspiration, or dilation and evacuation. Effectiveness and overall complications were similar among age groups. However, younger women had an increased risk for cervical laceration and a decreased risk of uterine perforation and mortality. Satisfaction and long‐term depression were similar between age groups. Except for less uptake of intrauterine devices among adolescents, age did not affect post‐abortion contraception.ConclusionsEvidence from various healthcare systems indicates that abortion is safe and efficacious among adolescent and young women. Clinical services should promote access to safe abortion for adolescents.