bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Polar‐orbiting Environmental Satellite data to specify the radiation environment up to 1200 km altitude
Authors: O'Brien T. P. , Mazur J. E. , Guild T. B. , Looper M. D. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractData from the Deal dosimeter payload on the Rapid Pathfinder satellite provide daily maps of the radiation environment on a sphere at 1200 km altitude. Through the use of magnetic coordinates, these dosimeter maps can be projected down to lower altitudes, providing valuable information for satellite anomaly resolution for vehicles in low Earth orbit (LEO). Unfortunately, the Deal data are not widely available, and the mission has a limited lifetime. As an alternative, we present a method to estimate the Deal daily maps using belt index data from NOAA's Polar‐orbiting Environmental Satellite (POES) vehicles. The method addresses only trapped radiation but could readily be supplemented with POES's own measurements of solar particle radiation reaching LEO.
Fundamental physics with cosmic particles
Authors: Resconi Elisa 
Published: June 2015

Cosmic rays (charged particles), γ‐rays and neutrinos offer unique opportunities to extend the search for dark matter, to test quantum gravity phenomenology through the study of the invariance of the group of Lorentz transformations, and to probe the existence of sterile neutrinos. We discuss here these tests of beyond the Standard Model particle physics with present and planned future missions including the Pierre Auger Observatory, the space‐borne mission Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS‐02), Fermi‐LAT, the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC), the IceCube South Pole Neutrino Observatory as presently operating experiments, and the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) and the IceCube‐Gen2 as future large scale infrastructures.
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Ein Dimetalloxycarben‐Bindungsmodus und der reduktive Kupplungsmechanismus zur Bildung von Oxalat ausgehend von CO2
Authors: Paparo Albert , Silvia Jared S. , Kefalidis Christos E. , Spaniol Thomas P. , Maron Laurent , Okuda Jun , Cummins Christopher C. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWir beschreiben ein stabiles, isolierbares Dimetalloxycarben [(TiX3)2(μ2‐CO2‐κ2C,O:κO′)], 5 (X=N‐(tert‐Butyl)‐3,5‐dimethylanilid), das NMR‐spektroskopischen Studien bei variabler Temperatur zufolge durch fluktuierende μ2‐κ2C,O: κ1O′‐Koordination des Carben‐C‐Atoms an beide Ti‐Zentren des zweikernigen Komplexes 5 stabilisiert wird. Quantenchemische Rechnungen am unmodifizierten Molekül lassen auf eine höhere Energie von nur +10.5 kJ mol−1 für den μ2‐κ1O: κ1O′‐Bindungsmodus des freien Dimetalloxycarbens gegenüber dem μ2‐κ2C,O:κ1O′‐Bindungsmodus des maskierten Dimetalloxycarbens schließen. Der kationische Ausgangskomplex [(TiX3)2(μ2‐OCHO‐κO:κO′)][B(C6F5)4], 4[B(C6F5)4], mit verbrückendem Formiatliganden wurde einfach mit der starken Base K(N(SiMe3)2) zu 5 deprotoniert. Komplex 5 reagiert glatt mit CO2 zum verbrückten Oxalatkomplex [(TiX3)2(μ2‐C2O4‐κO:κO′′)], 6, in einer C‐C‐bindungsbildenden Reaktion, die allgemein für die Oxalatbildung durch reduktive Kupplung von CO2 an niedervalenten Übergangsmetallkomplexen erwartet wird.
Hybridization Gap and Dresselhaus Spin Splitting in EuIr4In2Ge4
Authors: Calta Nicholas P. , Im Jino , Rodriguez Alexandra P. , Fang Lei , Bugaris Daniel E. , Chasapis Thomas C. , Freeman Arthur J. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractEuIr4In2Ge4 is a new intermetallic semiconductor that adopts a non‐centrosymmetric structure in the tetragonal ${I\bar 42m}$ space group with unit cell parameters a=6.9016(5) Å and c=8.7153(9) Å. The compound features an indirect optical band gap Eg=0.26(2) eV, and electronic‐structure calculations show that the energy gap originates primarily from hybridization of the Ir 5d orbitals, with small contributions from the Ge 4p and In 5p orbitals. The strong spin–orbit coupling arising from the Ir atoms, and the lack of inversion symmetry leads to significant spin splitting, which is described by the Dresselhaus term, at both the conduction‐ and valence‐band edges. The magnetic Eu2+ ions present in the structure, which do not play a role in gap formation, order antiferromagnetically at 2.5 K.
One Step Preparation of Reduced Graphene Oxide/Pd–Fe3O4@Polypyrrole Composites and Their Application in Catalysis
Authors: Yao Tongjie , Wang Hao , Zuo Quan , Wu Jie , Zhang Xiao , Cui Fang , Cui Tieyu 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe simple preparation of catalysts with superior catalytic activity and good reusability is highly desirable. Herein, we report a novel strategy to construct reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/Pd–Fe3O4@polypyrrole (PPy) catalysts with Pd and Fe3O4 nanoparticles anchored on a rGO nanosheet surface and wrapped in a PPy shell. The synthesis and assembly of both the Pd and Fe3O4 nanoparticles, the preparation of the PPy layer, and the reduction of graphene oxide nanosheets were finished in one step. In the system, the PPy layer not only prevented aggregation of Pd and Fe3O4 nanoparticles, but also generated a synergistic effect with precursor Pd2+ ions, which led to a high dispersity of as‐prepared Pd nanoparticles. Although the procedure was simplified to one step, the catalytic activity and reusability were not sacrificed. In the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol, their catalytic performance was better than that in recent reports. Moreover, the catalysts showed good reusability owing to their magnetic properties.
ATCEM: a synthetic model for evaluating air traffic complexity
Authors: Xiao Mingming , Zhang Jun , Cai Kaiquan , Cao Xianbin 
Published: June 2015

SummaryAir traffic complexity, which measures the disorder of air traffic distribution, has become the critical indicator to reflect air traffic controller workload in air traffic management (ATM) system. However, it is hard to assess the system accurately because there are too many correlated factors, which make the air traffic complexity nonlinear. This paper presents an air traffic complexity evaluation model with integrated classification using computational intelligence (ATCEM). To avoid redundant factors, critical factors contributing to complexity are analyzed and selected from numerous factors in the ATCEM. Subsequently, to construct the mapping relationship between selected factors and air traffic complexity, an integrated classifier is built in ATCEM. With efficient training and learning based on aviation domain knowledge, the integrated classifier can effectively and stably reflect the mapping relationship between selected factors and the category of air traffic complexity to ensure the precision of the evaluation. Empirical studies using real data of the southwest airspace of China show that the ATCEM outperforms a number of state‐of‐the‐art models. Moreover, using the critical complexity factors selected in ATCEM, the air traffic complexity could be effectively estimated. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification and disposition of novel mono‐hydroxyl mefenamic acid and their potentially toxic 1‐O‐acyl‐glucuronides in vivo
Authors: Fong Sophia Yui Kau , Zhang Yufeng , Wong Yin Cheong , Zhou Limin , Han Quanbin , Zuo Zhong 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMefenamic acid (MEF) is a widely prescribed non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug that has been found associated with rare but severe cases of hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity and gastrointestinal toxicity. The formation of protein‐reactive acylating metabolites such as 1‐O‐acyl‐MEF glucuronide (MEFG) and 3′‐hydroxymethyl‐MEF 1‐O‐acyl‐glucuronide is one proposed cause. In addition to the well‐reported 3′‐hydroxymethyl‐MEF, two mono‐hydroxyl‐MEF (OH‐MEFs) were recently identified in vitro. However, in vivo evidence is lacking and whether these OH‐MEFs would be further glucuronidated to the potentially reactive 1‐O‐acyl‐glucuronides (OH‐MEFGs) is unknown. Utilizing UPLC‐Q‐TOF/MS and LC‐MS/MS, the current study identified, for the first time, four OH‐MEFs and their corresponding OH‐MEFGs from plasma after a single oral administration of MEF (40 mg/kg) to rats, including an OH‐MEF that has not been reported previously. The systemic exposure of these identified metabolites was high, with metabolic to parent AUC0→24h ratios reaching 23–52% (OH‐MEFs) and 8–29% (OH‐MEFGs). These metabolites also had a long systemic exposure time in both single and 5 day multiple oral MEF‐treated rats, with elimination half‐lives between 9 h and > 24 h. In addition to these novel metabolites, the previously reported MEFG was also identified and its systemic exposure was found to be doubled after multiple MEF administrations. These pharmacokinetic results suggest that systemic toxicities caused by the potentially reactive MEFG and OH‐MEFGs could be considerable, especially after repeated MEF treatment. Nevertheless, MEFG and OH‐MEFGs had negligible uptake in the brain, indicating a minimal risk of brain toxicities. Furthermore, an in situ intestinal perfusion study revealed that during MEF absorption, it was extensively metabolized to MEFG while < 5% was metabolized to OH‐MEFs and OH‐MEFGs. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of antibiotic EC50using a zero‐flow microfluidic chip based growth phenotype assay
Authors: Dai Jing , Suh Sang‐Jin , Hamon Morgan , Hong Jong Wook 
Published: June 2015

AbstractCurrent existing assay systems for evaluating antimicrobial activity suffer from several limitations including excess reagent consumption and inaccurate concentration gradient preparation. Recently, microfluidic systems have been developed to provide miniaturized platforms for antimicrobial susceptibility assays. However, some of current microfluidic based assays require continuous flows of reagents or elaborate preparation steps during concentration preparation. In this study, we introduce a novel microfluidic chip based growth phenotype assay that automatically generates a logarithmic concentration gradient and allows observing the growth of pathogenic bacteria under different concentrations of antibiotics in nanoliter batch culture reactors. We chose pathogen bacteriumPseudomonas aeruginosaas a model strain and evaluated the inhibitory effects of gentamicin and ciprofloxacin. We determined theEC50values and confirmed the validity of the present system by comparing theEC50values obtained through conventional test tube method. We demonstrated that theEC50values acquired from present assay are comparable to those obtained from conventional test tube cultures. The potential application of present assay system for investigating combinatorial effects of antibiotics on multidrug resistant pathogenic bacteria is discussed and it can be further used for systematic evaluation of antifungal or antiviral agents.
Advanced process monitoring and feedback control to enhance cell culture process production and robustness
Authors: Zhang An , Tsang Valerie Liu , Moore Brandon , Shen Vivian , Huang Yao‐Ming , Kshirsagar Rashmi , Ryll Thomas 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTIt is a common practice in biotherapeutic manufacturing to define a fixed‐volume feed strategy for nutrient feeds, based on historical cell demand. However, once the feed volumes are defined, they are inflexible to batch‐to‐batch variations in cell growth and physiology and can lead to inconsistent productivity and product quality. In an effort to control critical quality attributes and to apply process analytical technology (PAT), a fully automated cell culture feedback control system has been explored in three different applications. The first study illustrates that frequent monitoring and automatically controlling the complex feed based on a surrogate (glutamate) level improved protein production. More importantly, the resulting feed strategy was translated into a manufacturing‐friendly manual feed strategy without impact on product quality. The second study demonstrates the improved process robustness of an automated feed strategy based on online bio‐capacitance measurements for cell growth. In the third study, glucose and lactate concentrations were measured online and were used to automatically control the glucose feed, which in turn changed lactate metabolism. These studies suggest that the auto‐feedback control system has the potential to significantly increase productivity and improve robustness in manufacturing, with the goal of ensuring process performance and product quality consistency. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 2495–2504. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In vitro incorporation of a cell‐binding protein to a lentiviral vector using an engineered split intein enables targeted delivery of genetic cargo
Authors: Chamoun‐Emanuelli Ana M. , Wright Gus , Roger Smith , Münch Robert C. , Buchholz Christian J. , Chen Zhilei 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTGene therapy represents a promising therapeutic paradigm for addressing many disorders, but the absence of a vector that can be robustly and reproducibly functionalized with cell‐homing functionality to mediate the delivery of genetic cargo specifically to target cells following systemic administration has stood as a major impediment. In this study, a high‐affinity protein–protein pair comprising a splicing‐deficient naturally split intein was used as molecular Velcro to append a HER2/neu‐binding protein (DARPin) onto the surface of a binding‐deficient, fusion‐competent lentivirus. HER2/neu‐specific lentiviruses created using this in vitro pseudotyping approach were able to deliver their genetic reporter cargo specifically to cells that express the target receptor at high levels in a co‐culture. We envision that the described technology could provide a powerful, broadly applicable platform for the incorporation of cell‐targeting functionality onto viral vectors. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 2611–2617. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Building an end‐to‐end ISP broadband infrastructure as an advanced networking subject
Authors: Miles Christopher Raymond , Chan Ka Ching 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThis paper presents the development of an unsupervised, project‐based networking subject at the Bendigo campus of La Trobe University. With a view of producing work‐ready IT graduates, the advanced subject requires students to build an end‐to‐end ADSL broadband infrastructure, commonly used by Internet service providers. Unlike other project‐based subjects, the subject content is well structured, with documentation prepared for both students and lecturers. Seven milestones are clearly defined to ensure students make steady progress over the semester. This paper describes the subject delivery method, milestones, and the setup of equipment for experiments. The subject gives students the opportunity to gain in‐depth knowledge of how ADSL services are provided. This unsupervised project‐based subject is designed to meet the challenge faced by many universities to deliver sustainable, cost effective, and yet high quality subjects for a very small number of students. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput. Appl. Eng. Educ. 24:16–26, 2016; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21667
Sirolimus effects on cancer incidence after kidney transplantation: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Yanik Elizabeth L. , Siddiqui Kulsoom , Engels Eric A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSirolimus, an immunosuppressant option for kidney transplant recipients, may reduce cancer risk by interrupting the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. However, studies of sirolimus and cancer incidence in kidney recipients have not been definitive, and have had limited ability to examine specific cancer types. The literature was systematically reviewed to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies of kidney recipients that compared sirolimus users to sirolimus nonusers. Meta‐analytic methods were used to obtain pooled estimates of the association between sirolimus use and incidence of total cancer and specific cancer types. Estimates were stratified by study type (RCTvs. observational) and use of cyclosporine (an immunosuppressant that affectsDNArepair). TwentyRCTs and two observational studies were eligible for meta‐analysis, including 39,039 kidney recipients overall. Sirolimus use was associated with lower overall cancer incidence (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.71, 95%CI = 0.56–0.90), driven by a reduction in incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC,IRR = 0.49, 95%CI = 0.32–0.76). The protective effect of sirolimus onNMSCrisk was most notable in studies comparing sirolimus against cyclosporine (IRR = 0.19, 95%CI = 0.04–0.84). After excludingNMSCs, there was no overall association between sirolimus and incidence of other cancers (IRR = 1.06, 95%CI = 0.69–1.63). However, sirolimus use had associations with lower kidney cancer incidence (IRR = 0.40, 95%CI = 0.20–0.81), and higher prostate cancer incidence (IRR = 1.85, 95%CI = 1.17–2.91). Among kidney recipients, sirolimus users have lowerNMSCrisk, which may be partly due to removal of cyclosporine. Sirolimus may also reduce kidney cancer risk but did not appear protective for other cancers, and it may actually increase prostate cancer risk.
Tagging Glycoproteins with Fluorescently Labeled GDP‐Fucoses by Using α1,3‐Fucosyltransferases
Authors: Seelhorst Katrin , Pahnke Katharina , Meier Chris , Hahn Ulrich 
Published: June 2015

AbstractFucose‐containing glycans mediate a variety of biological processes, but there is little information on reaction processes and mechanisms mediated by fucosyltransferases. We recently reported on fluorescently labeled GDP‐β‐L‐fucose‐ATTO 550, which enabled monitoring of α1,3‐fucosyltransferase activity. Here we present an extension to the previously described results, based on the synthesis of a fluorescein‐isothiocyanate (FITC)‐labeled and two carboxyfluorescein‐labeled (FAM‐labeled) NDP‐β‐L‐fucose derivatives, and applied all four compounds in labeling of different glycoproteins with the aid of four different fucosyltransferases. The labeling processes were analyzed by in‐gel fluorescence and fluorescence polarization measurements. Comparison with the ATTO‐labeled sugar revealed that the FITC‐labeled fucose was the best of these substrates, and that the bacterial enzyme HP‐FucT tolerated the fluorescent substrates better than human fucosyltransferases.
Model‐Based Recognition of Mid‐Infrared Sensor Fouling in Paracetamol Crystallization
Authors: Minnich Clemens B. , Helmdach Lydia , Ulrich Joachim , Feth Martin P. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA procedure for the recognition of undesired solid deposition on the optical element of an attenuated total reflectance probe for online mid‐infrared spectroscopy during crystallization processes is presented. Unlike other approaches, the method exclusively uses intelligent spectral analysis for solid recognition and does not require additional devices. Indirect hard modeling enables the separation of the solid material's contribution to the mixture spectra from those contributions of the dissolved material and the solvents, expressed through the predicted component weights. The detection of the solid component weight is promising for implementation into process monitoring or control.
Controllability Analysis of Process Alternatives for Biobutanol Purification
Authors: Angelina‐Martínez Anyeli Yahaira , Sánchez‐Ramírez Eduardo , Quiroz‐Ramírez Juan José , Segovia‐Hernández Juan Gabriel 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBiobutanol has characteristics similar to petroleum fuel and is considered as a superior biofuel compared to ethanol. The development of technologies for biobutanol production by fermentation has resulted in higher final biobutanol concentrations together with less energy‐intensive separation and purification techniques. These new technological developments have the potential to provide a production process for biobutanol that is economically viable in comparison to the petrochemical pathway for its production. The control properties of four different possible process designs for biobutanol purification are analyzed. The results, using the singular value decomposition technique, indicated that the scheme where only biobutanol flow is purified, and both ethanol and acetone leaving the purification process mixed with water and biobutanol traces, showed the best control properties.
Baseline Model for the Simulation of Bubbly Flows
Authors: Rzehak Roland , Krepper Eckhard , Liao Yixiang , Ziegenhein Thomas , Kriebitzsch Sebastian , Lucas Dirk 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe bubble size is a key parameter appearing in closure relations for the Euler‐Euler two‐fluid model. The bubble size distribution is established as a result of bubble coalescence and breakup processes. These processes are very complex, and therefore, a two‐step procedure is adopted for model validation where, in a first step, measured values are substituted for the bubble size distribution. In this way, the uncertainties of the less developed modeling for bubble coalescence and breakup are bypassed and a validation of the other parts of the overall model becomes possible. In a second step, the previously qualified models for bubble forces and bubble‐induced turbulence are used without any change and the validity of the models for bubble coalescence and breakup can be assessed.
Fluid Dynamics of Droplets as a Useful Tool to Determine Coverage and Adsorption Kinetics of Surfactants
Authors: Paul Niklas , Schulz Joschka M. , Kraume Matthias 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn many industrial applications impurities such as surfactants occur. These interfacially active molecules adsorb at liquid‐liquid interfaces where they influence the occurring transport processes, which again affect reaction rates of multiphase reactions or contact times in extraction columns etc. To quantify the influences on the given applications, the interfacial coverage of the liquid‐liquid interface with surfactant molecules must be known. The measurement of the fluid dynamics of single droplets provides a sensitive tool to capture any interfacial phenomena which changes the interfacial characteristics. This method was tested by applying two different surfactants in the system water/1‐octanol. In some cases, the determination of the fluid dynamics provides a more reliable method for determining changes of the interfacial characteristics than the measurement of the interfacial tension.
Time‐Resolved Fluorescence HPLC Detection Using Semiconductor Light Sources: Principles and Applications
Authors: Landgraf Stephan 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSimultaneous static and time‐resolved fluorescence detection in HPLC systems using time‐correlated single photon counting and modulation techniques is a very recent topic in analytical and physical chemistry. Whereas most commercial systems use simple intensity detection in fluorescence systems or fluorescence spectra with very low sensitivity, here, real‐time time‐resolved fluorescence counting with on‐the‐fly data evaluation and display like a typical chromatogram are applied. Both results are independent and characteristic for the fluorescent analytes and exhibit equal sensitivity. For ns resolution, modern semiconductor light sources are used. Modern electronics allow a setup in typical HPLC component size and the measuring procedure requires no adjustment or calibration for the chromatogram. Rapid modification for new applications is possible due to the flexible modular design. The application is patent pending.
Stoichiometric and Catalytic Inter‐ and Intramolecular Hydroamination of Terminal Alkynes by Frustrated Lewis Pairs
Authors: Mahdi Tayseer , Stephan Douglas W. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractFrustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) based on sterically encumbered anilines and the Lewis acid B(C6F5)3 were found to react with terminal alkynes effecting intermolecular hydroamination affording iminium alkynylborate species of the form [RPhNC(R′)Me][R′CCB(C6F5)3]. In these cases, the reagent ratio of borane, aniline, and alkyne is 1:1:2. These reactions could also be performed in an intramolecular fashion by using anilines with alkynyl substituents effecting cyclization reactions. The use of 10 mol % B(C6F5)3 under a H2 atmosphere provides a one‐pot synthesis of the pyrrolidine 12, the piperidines 13–15, the azepane 16, the isoindoline 17, and the benzoxazine 18.