bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photoimmunotherapy and Irradiance Modulation Reduce Chemotherapy Cycles and Toxicity in a Murine Model for Ovarian Carcinomatosis: Perspective and Results
Authors: Rizvi Imran , Dinh Tri A. , Yu Weiping , Chang Yuchiao , Sherwood Margaret E. , Hasan Tayyaba 
Published: September 2012

AbstractSignificant toxicities from multiple cycles of chemotherapy often cause delays or early termination of treatment, leading to poor outcomes in ovarian cancer patients. Complementary modalities that potentiate the efficacy of traditional agents and lead to fewer cycles and less toxicity are needed. Photodynamic therapy is a mechanistically distinct modality that synergizes with chemical and biological agents. Here, a combination regimen with a clinically relevant chemotherapy cocktail (cisplatin and paclitaxel) and epidermal growth factor receptortargeted photoimmunotherapy (PIT) is evaluated in a murine model for ovarian carcinomatosis. Mice received either one or two cycles of chemotherapy followed by PIT with a chlorine6‐Erbitux photoimmunoconjugate and 25 J/cm2 light. PIT plus a single cycle of chemotherapy significantly reduced tumor burden, comparable to multiple chemotherapy cycles. Relative to one cycle of chemotherapy, the addition of PIT did not cause significant mouse weight loss, whereas two cycles of chemotherapy led to a significant reduction in weight. Irradiance‐dependence on PIT efficacy was a function of the conjugation chemistry, providing an additional variable for optimization of PIT outcome.
Photoactivation and Detection of Photoexcited Molecules and Photochemical Products
Authors: Kozinska Anna , Oles Tomasz , Sarna Tadeusz 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAerobic photoactivation of photosensitizing dye molecules can lead to the formation of oxygen radicals, singlet oxygen and other partially reduced oxygen species, collectively called reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are responsible for photodynamic damage and the accompanying cytotoxicity. This review briefly describes basic photophysical phenomena involved in the formation of electronically excited states and photochemical processes that play a key role in the generation of ROS. Physicochemical properties of the excited states of the photosensitizing dye molecules and of ROS, particularly their chemical reactivity with selected substrate molecules, as well as major spectroscopic and analytical methods used for the detection and characterization of reactive intermediates involved in photodynamic phenomena, are critically discussed in this paper.
The Association Between Individual Income and Remaining Life Expectancy at the Age of 65 in the Netherlands
Authors: Kalwij Adriaan S. , Alessie Rob J. M. , Knoef Marike G. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
This article quantifies the association between individual income and remaining life expectancy at the statutory retirement age (65) in the Netherlands. For this purpose, we estimate a mortality risk model using a large administrative data set that covers the 1996–2007 period. Besides age and marital status, the model includes as covariates individual and spouse’s income as well as a random individual specific effect. It thus allows for dynamic selection based on both observed and unobserved characteristics. We find that conditional on marital status, individual income is about equally strong and negatively associated with mortality risk for men and women and that spouse’s income is only weakly associated with mortality risk for women. For both men and women, we quantify remaining life expectancy at age 65 for low-income individuals as approximately 2.5 years less than that for high-income individuals.
Vitamin D: role in autoimmunity.
Authors: Bock G. , Pieber T. R. , Prietl B. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract

Vitamin D has long been known for its important effects on bone health and calcium/phosphate homoeostasis, but vitamin D deficiency is now being linked to a broadening field of health problems, including autoimmune diseases. Over the last 5 years, our perspective on how vitamin D interacts with the immune system has dramatically changed. Prominent new data have shown that the expression and activity of vitamin D metabolizing enzymes are central to normal immune responses, providing a mechanism for the localized metabolism from inactive vitamin D - 25(OH)D - to active vitamin D - 1,25(OH)
2
D - at the site of inflammation. Vitamin D influences the function of cells intrinsic to innate and adaptive immunity, and has an important role in the regulation of inflammatory response as well as maintaining immune homoeostasis. Inadequate vitamin levels, which probably are different from those necessary to maintain bone homoeostasis, are linked to higher susceptibility of autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes (T1D), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or multiple sclerosis (MS). Vitamin D supplementation trials will further elucidate the
in vivo
effects of vitamin D on the immune system and its ability to influence autoimmune diseases.
Variation in Reproductivity with Age in the Brown Pelican
Authors: Blus Lawrence J. , Keahey Julie A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAbout 10% of the Brown Pelicans breeding in South Carolina are in immature plumage. In comparison to adult breeders, immatures nested later, laid a smaller clutch, nested more frequently in low ground that was flooded, lost a larger proportion of nestlings, and produced fewer downy young per nest. Factors such as experience in breeding and fishing success probably influence reproductive success of pelicans of various ages.
Reproductive Success of Grassland Sparrows on a Reclaimed Surface Mine in West Virginia
Authors: Wray Thomas , II  , Strait Kenneth A. , Whitmore Robert C. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe reproductive success of Grasshopper Sparrows (Ammodramus savannarum), Savannah Sparrows (Passerculus sandwichensis), Vesper Sparrows (Pooecetes gramineus), and Field Sparrows (Spizella pusilla) breeding on a reclaimed surface mine in northern West Virginia was studied from 1978 through 1980. Only Vesper Sparrows showed significant (P &lt; 0.05) annual differences in clutch size. Predation was the major cause of egg and nestling losses during all 3 yr. Of 185 nests located, 80 (43%) were presumed lost to predators. Our study site, surrounded by woodlots and pastureland, apparently concentrated predators. We believe northern black racers (Coluber constrictor constrictor) and Common Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) were the major predators. Generally, predators were equally successful in locating nests during the incubation and nestling periods. Variable nesting success, calculated from exposure for the species during the 3 yr, reflects differential predation pressure. Productivity estimates suggest that adults are not replacing themselves and immigration is necessary to maintain a stable population. Apparently, environmental cues are sufficient to elicit a settling response, but, due to predation, reproductive success is low. Although surface mining is providing new nesting habitat for these species, the inadequate reproductive success experienced on our site suggests that these manmade grasslands may not be of benefit to the sparrow populations in this area. Breeding densities during the 3 yr were variable and may reflect poor breeding success, changes in the vegetation, availability of more suitable nesting habitat, and differential mortality during migration and on the wintering grounds.
Effects of Plant Species and Foliage Structure on the Foraging Behavior of Forest Birds
Authors: Robinson Scott K. , Holmes Richard T. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe quantified the behavior of four species of passerine birds foraging for arthropods among the foliage of different plant species and vertical strata of a northern hardwoods forest in New Hampshire (USA). Two species (Vireo olivaceus and Setophaga ruticilla) often changed their foraging patterns among strata but not among tree species, except in white ash. In the latter, both species flew more frequently between perches while searching for prey, which reflects the more open canopy and sparser distribution of ash foliage. A third species (Vireo philadelphicus) was stereotyped in its search and attack methods but had variable attack rates, indicating greater foraging success in some microhabitats than in others. The fourth species (Dendroica caerulescens), which inhabits the forest understory, showed few significant differences in its search or attack behavior, despite considerable variety in the sizes, shapes, and arrangements of leaves among available plant species. The foraging patterns of S. ruticilla were further influenced by differences among tree species in the abundance of a major prey type (leafhoppers, Cicadellidae: Homoptera) and by the active escape behavior of those prey.We conclude that these four bird species, all of which search leaves at a distance and fly up to hover or snatch arthropod prey from leaf surfaces, are relatively unaffected by details of foliage structure such as leaf size, shape, petiole length, and arrangement on twigs. The distribution of foliage within a plant, however, and, in some cases, the abundance of certain food resources do differentially influence the foraging tactics and capture success of these species. Because foliage distribution and arthropod availability both vary with plant species, the floristics of a site will strongly influence the "foraging opportunities" available to birds and therefore their success in exploiting particular habitats.
Comparative Assessment of Food Preferences and Aversions Acquired by Blackbirds via Observational Learning
Authors: Mason J. Russell , Arzt Adam H. , Reidinger Russell F. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractRed-winged Blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) can acquire food preferences and aversions merely by observing conspecifics. In Experiment 1, red-wings were trained to prefer or avoid food paired with yellow, as conspecifics watched. After training, all birds were given two-choice tests between food paired with yellow or green for 12 days. Trainers were tested in visual isolation, whereas watchers were tested either in visual isolation or in visual contact with birds who had observed the opposite behavior during training. Food aversions were more resistant to extinction than food preferences (P < 0.05), and, among watchers, social cues facilitated avoidance (P < 0.05). In Experiment 2, red-wings were trained to avoid food paired with yellow, as Common Grackles (Quiscalus quiscula) and red-wings watched, or vice versa, and then two-choice tests were given between yellow and green. Both grackles and red-wings exhibited observational learning, regardless of the training species (P's < 0.05).Social interactions among avian predators may influence how predator abundance affects the Batesian model-mimic complex. We speculate that avoidance learning, which occurs when a predator observes the ingestion of a model, is stronger than preference learning, which occurs when a mimic is ingested. Relatively few models would be needed for the model-mimic complex to operate successfully, and the number of mimics could exceed the number of models without jeopardizing the mimetic advantage.
Morphological and Structural Developments in Nanoparticles Polyurethane Foam Nanocomposite's Synthesis and Their Effects on Mechanical Properties
Authors: Bahrambeygi Hossein , Rabbi Amir , Nasouri Komeil , Shoushtari Ahmad Mousavi , Babaei Mohammad Reza 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn this study, flexible polyurethane (PU) nanocomposite foams were prepared by in situ polymerization. The effects of incorporation of nanoparticles on the morphological and structural developments and the relation between this development and mechanical properties of the PU foam were demonstrated. The effects of three different contents (low, moderate, and high) of nanoclay and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) loading on foam morphology, structure, kinetics of foaming reactions, and mechanical properties were separately investigated. By adding MWNTs and nanoclay in foams, the foam morphology improved, in which cell density increased and smaller cells were obtained. The mechanical properties of foam especially tensile strength have been increased in the presence of nanoparticles. With enhancing the nanoclay content, the tensile strength of nanocomposite foam has improved but in the case of MWNTs contrary effects were observed. An increase in nanoparticle amount leads to a lower cell density. In general, the incorporation of both nanoparticles (nanoclay and MWNTs) in the foam structure leads to a lower foaming reaction rate that affects mechanical properties of foams. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 32: E545–E555, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.21300
Breast cancer and other neoplasms in women with neurofibromatosis type 1: A retrospective review of cases in the Detroit metropolitan area
Authors: Wang X. , Levin A.M. , Smolinski S.E. , Vigneau F.D. , Levin N.K. , Tainsky M.A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractNeurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is one of the most common cancer predisposing syndromes with an incidence of 1 in 3,500 worldwide. Certain neoplasms or malignancies are over‐represented in individuals with NF1; however, an increased risk of breast cancer has not been widely recognized or accepted. We identified 76 women with NF1 seen in the Henry Ford Health System (HFHS) from 1990 to 2009, and linked them to the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) registry covering the metropolitan Detroit area. Fifty‐one women (67%) were under age 50 years at the time of data analysis. Six women developed invasive breast cancer before age 50, and three developed invasive breast cancer after age 50. Using standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) calculated based on the SEER age‐adjusted invasive breast cancer incidence rates, our findings demonstrated a statistically significant increase of breast cancer incidence occurring in NF1 women (SIR = 5.2; 95% CI 2.4–9.8), and this relative increase was especially evident among those with breast cancer onset under age 50 (SIR = 8.8; 95% CI 3.2–19.2). These data are consistent with other reports suggesting an increase in breast cancer risk among females with NF1, which indicate that breast cancer screening guidelines should be evaluated for this potentially high‐risk group. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Beyond Gómez‐López‐Hernández syndrome: Recurring phenotypic themes in rhombencephalosynapsis
Authors: Tully Hannah M. , Dempsey Jennifer C. , Ishak Gisele E. , Adam Margaret P. , Curry Cynthia J.R. , Sanchez‐Lara Pedro , Hunter Alasdair , Gripp Karen W. , Allanson Judith , Cunniff Christopher , Glass Ian , Millen Kathleen J. , Doherty Daniel , Dobyns William B. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractRhombencephalosynapsis (RES) is an uncommon cerebellar malformation characterized by fusion of the hemispheres without an intervening vermis. Frequently described in association with Gómez‐López‐Hernández syndrome, RES also occurs in conjunction with VACTERL features and with holoprosencephaly (HPE). We sought to determine the full phenotypic spectrum of RES in a large cohort of patients. Information was obtained through database review, patient questionnaire, radiographic, and morphologic assessment, and statistical analysis. We assessed 53 patients. Thirty‐three had alopecia, 3 had trigeminal anesthesia, 14 had VACTERL features, and 2 had HPE with aventriculy. Specific craniofacial features were seen throughout the cohort, but were more common in patients with alopecia. We noted substantial overlap between groups. We conclude that although some distinct subgroups can be delineated, the overlapping features seen in our cohort suggest an underlying spectrum of RES‐associated malformations rather than a collection of discrete syndromes. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Chemical Biology of Phosphoinositide 3‐Kinases
Authors: Wymann Matthias P. , Schultz Carsten 
Published: September 2012

AbstractSince its discovery in the late 1980s, phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K), and its isoforms have arguably reached the forefront of signal transduction research. Regulation of this lipid kinase, its functions, its effectors, in short its entire signaling network, has been extensively studied. PI3K inhibitors are frequently used in biochemistry and cell biology. In addition, many pharmaceutical companies have launched drug‐discovery programs to identify modulators of PI3Ks. Despite these efforts and a fairly good knowledge of the PI3K signaling network, we still have only a rudimentary picture of the signaling dynamics of PI3K and its lipid products in space and time. It is therefore essential to create and use novel biological and chemical tools to manipulate the phosphoinositide signaling network with spatial and temporal resolution. In this review, we discuss the current and potential future tools that are available and necessary to unravel the various functions of PI3K and its isoforms.
Valuable New Cyclohexadiene Building Blocks from Cationic η5‐Iron–Carbonyl Complexes Derived from a Microbial Arene Oxidation Product
Authors: Ali Khan Monika , Mahon Mary F. , Lowe John P. , Stewart Alan J. W. , Lewis Simon E. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBiooxidation of benzoic acid by Ralstonia eutropha B9 provides an unusual cyclohexadiene carboxy diol that contains a quaternary stereocentre. Tricarbonyliron derivatives of this chiron, on treatment with acid, give two isomeric η5‐cyclohexadienyl complexes as observed by NMR spectroscopy. Both of these can be subjected to the addition of nucleophiles to provide isomeric cyclohexadiene complexes with new substituent patterns, several of which have been characterised crystallographically. De‐metallation of these provides a versatile library of cyclohexadiene building blocks, the utility of which is demonstrated by formal syntheses of oseltamivir. The mechanism of product formation and its stereochemical implications are discussed, as are the procedures undertaken to establish the enantiopurity of a representative cyclohexadiene product.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue in a patient with Fanconi anemia treated with radiotherapy and concurrent cetuximab: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Wong Winnifred M. , Parvathaneni Upendra , Jewell Patrick D. , Martins Renato G. , Futran Neal D. , Laramore George E. , Liao Jay J. 
Published: September 2012

BackgroundFanconi anemia (FA) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by bone marrow failure and increased risk of cancers including acute myelogenous leukemia and various solid tumors, especially head and neck cancer. Management of head and neck cancer in the setting of FA is complicated by pancytopenia, poor tolerance of chemotherapy, and potentially increased radiosensitivity. There are limited reports on tolerance of radiotherapy (RT) in patients with FA.MethodsWe report a case of a patient with FA who presented with a small oral tongue cancer that was excised. He rapidly developed extensive locoregional recurrence and underwent surgical resection followed by postoperative RT with concurrent cetuximab.ResultsBoth RT and cetuximab were well tolerated with manageable toxicities. Unfortunately, the patient died of early locoregional disease progression.ConclusionsRT with concurrent cetuximab was well tolerated and may be an appropriate option in patients with FA. However, many patients have a poor prognosis due to aggressive disease. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 35: E292–E298, 2013
Cancer incidence in South Asian migrants to England, 1986–2004: Unraveling ethnic from socioeconomic differentials
Authors: Maringe Camille , Mangtani Punam , Rachet Bernard , Leon David A. , Coleman Michel P. , dos Santos Silva Isabel 
Published: September 2012

AbstractStudies on cancer in migrants are informative about the relative influence of environmental and genetic factors on cancer risk. This study investigates trends in incidence from colorectal, lung, breast and prostate cancer in England among South Asians and examines the influence of deprivation, a key environmental exposure. South Asian ethnicity was assigned to patients recorded in the population‐based National Cancer Registry of England during 1986–2004, using the computerized algorithm SANGRA: South Asian Names and Groups Recognition Algorithm. Population denominators were derived from population censuses. Multivariable flexible (splines) Poisson models were used to estimate trends and socioeconomic differentials in incidence in South Asians compared to non‐South Asians. Overall, age‐adjusted cancer incidence in South Asians was half that in non‐South Asians but rose over time. Cancer‐specific incidence trends and patterns by age and deprivation differed widely between the two ethnic groups. In contrast to non‐South Asians, lung cancer incidence in South Asians did not fall. Colorectal and breast cancer incidence rose in both groups, more steeply in South Asians though remaining less common than in non‐South Asians. The deprivation gaps in cancer‐specific incidence were much less marked among South Asians, explaining some of the ethnic differences in overall incidence. Although still lower than in non‐South Asians, cancer incidence is rising in South Asians, supporting the concept of transition in cancer incidence among South Asians living in England. Although these trends vary by cancer, they have important implications for both prevention and anticipating health‐care demand.
Neurotrophic factor‐secreting autologous muscle stem cell therapy for the treatment of laryngeal denervation injury
Authors: Halum Stacey L. , McRae Bryan , Bijangi‐Vishehsaraei Khadijeh , Hiatt Kelly 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To determine if the spontaneous reinnervation that characteristically ensues after recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury could be selectively promoted and directed to certain laryngeal muscles with the use of neurotrophic factor (NF)‐secreting muscle stem cell (MSC) vectors while antagonistic reinnervation is inhibited with vincristine (VNC).Study Design:Basic science investigation involving primary cell cultures, gene cloning/transfer, and animal experiments.Methods:MSC survival assays were used to test multiple individual NFs in vitro. Motoneuron outgrowth assays assessed the trophic effects of identified NF on cranial nerve X (CNX)‐derived motoneurons in vitro. Therapeutic NF was cloned into a lentiviral vector, and MSCs were tranduced to secrete NF. Sixty rats underwent left RLN transection injury, and at 3 weeks received injections of either MSCs (n = 24), MSCs secreting NF (n = 24), or saline (n = 12) into the left thyroarytenoid muscle complex; half of the animals in the MSC groups simultaneously received left posterior cricoarytenoid injections of VNC, whereas half of the animals received saline.Results:Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) had the greatest survival‐promoting effect on MSCs in culture. The addition of CNTF (50 ng/mL) to CNX motoneuron cultures resulted in enhanced neurite outgrowth and branching. In the animal model, the injected MSCs fused with the denervated myofibers, immunohistochemistry demonstrated enhanced reinnervation based on motor endplate to nerve contact, and reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction confirmed stable CNTF expression at longest follow‐up (4 months) in the CNTF‐secreting MSC treated groups.Conclusions:MSC therapy may have a future role in selectively promoting and directing laryngeal reinnervation after RLN injury. Laryngoscope, 2012