bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On bar lengths in partitions
Authors: Gramain Jean-Baptiste , Olsson Jørn B. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe present, given an odd integerd, a decomposition of the multiset of bar lengths of a bar partition λ as the union of two multisets, one consisting of the bar lengths in itsd-core partitioncd(λ) and the other consisting of modified bar lengths in itsd-quotient partition. In particular, we obtain that the multiset of bar lengths incd(λ) is a sub-multiset of the multiset of bar lengths in λ. Also, we obtain a relative bar formula for the degrees of spin characters of the Schur extensions of$\mathfrak{S}_n$. The proof involves a recent similar result for partitions, proved by Bessenrodt and the authors.
On generalized Gauduchon metrics
Authors: Fino Anna , Ugarte Luis 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe study a class of Hermitian metrics on complex manifolds, recently introduced by Fu, Wang and Wu, which are a generalization of Gauduchon metrics. This class includes the class of Hermitian metrics for which the associated fundamental 2-form is ∂∂-closed. Examples are given on nilmanifolds, on products of Sasakian manifolds, on S1-bundles and via the twist construction introduced by Swann.
Age of onset in obsessive–compulsive disorder: admixture analysis with a large sample
Authors: Anholt G. E. , Aderka I. M. , van Balkom A. J. L. M. , Smit J. H. , Schruers K. , van der Wee N. J. A. , Eikelenboom M. , De Luca V. , van Oppen P. 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundResearch into age of onset in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) has indicated significant differences between patients with early and late onset of the disorder. However, multiple criteria have been used arbitrarily for differentiating between early- and late-onset OCD, rendering inconsistent results that are difficult to interpret.MethodIn the current study, admixture analysis was conducted in a sample of 377 OC patients to determine the number of underlying populations of age of onset and associated demographic and clinical characteristics. Various measures of anxiety, depression, co-morbidity, autism, OCD, tics and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms were administered.ResultsA bimodal age of onset was established and the best-fitting cut-off score between early and late age of onset was 20 years (early age of onset ⩽19 years). Patients with early age of onset were more likely to be single. Early age of onset patients demonstrated higher levels of OCD severity and increased symptoms on all OCD dimensions along with increased ADHD symptoms and higher rates of bipolar disorder.ConclusionsIt is suggested that 20 years is the recommended cut-off age for the determination of earlyversuslate age of onset in OCD. Early age of onset is associated with a generally graver OCD clinical picture and increased ADHD symptoms and bipolar disorder rates, which may be related to greater functional implications of the disorder. We propose that age of onset could be an important marker for the subtyping of OCD.
On the integration of trust with negotiation, argumentation and semantics
Authors: Bonatti Piero , Oliveira Eugenio , Sabater-Mir Jordi , Sierra Carles , Toni Francesca 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAgreement Technologies are needed for autonomous agents to come to mutually acceptable agreements, typically on behalf of humans. These technologies include trust computing, negotiation, argumentation and semantic alignment. In this paper, we identify a number of open questions regarding the integration of computational models and tools for trust computing with negotiation, argumentation and semantic alignment. We consider these questions in general and in the context of applications in open, distributed settings such as the grid and cloud computing.
A review of case-based reasoning in cognition–action continuum: a step toward bridging symbolic and non-symbolic artificial intelligence
Authors: Öztürk Pinar , Tidemann Axel 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn theories and models of computational intelligence, cognition and action have historically been investigated on separate grounds. We conjecture that the main mechanism of case-based reasoning (CBR) applies to cognitive tasks at various levels and of various granularity, and hence can represent a bridge—or a continuum—between the higher and lower levels of cognition. CBR is an artificial intelligence (AI) method that draws upon the idea of solving a new problem reusing similar past experiences. In this paper, we re-formulate the notion of CBR to highlight the commonalities between higher-level cognitive tasks such as diagnosis, and lower-level control such as voluntary movements of an arm. In this view, CBR is envisaged as a generic process independent from the content and the detailed format of cases. Diagnostic cases and internal representations underlying motor control constitute two instantiations of the case representation. In order to claim such a generic mechanism, the account of CBR needs to be revised so that its position in non-symbolic AI becomes clearer. The paper reviews the CBR literature that targets lower levels of cognition to show how CBR may be considered as a step toward bridging the gap between symbolic and non-symbolic AI.
Natural Resources, Local Governance and Social Instability: A Comparison of Two Counties in China
Authors: Zhan Jing Vivian 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis article compares two neighbouring underdeveloped counties in south-west China. They share many similarities in economic, political and demographic structures, but experience divergent levels of social instability. The comparison suggests that, under China's political system and cadre incentive structure, the endowment of mineral resources in one county, and the lack thereof in the other, significantly influences the modes of economic development and local governance in these two counties, and thus contributes to their different levels of social instability.
Interjurisdictional Cooperation through Bargaining: The Case of the Guangzhou–Zhuhai Railway in the Pearl River Delta, China
Authors: Xu Jiang , Yeh Anthony G.O. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractInterjurisdictional cooperation has emerged as a major recent trend in China in response to challenges from market reforms and globalization. However, given that cities are in fierce competition with one another, interjurisdictional cooperation presents many difficulties for policy making. This paper attempts to examine how cooperative partnerships can be developed, sustained, or even resisted. It uses the Guangzhou–Zhuhai Railway as a case study to explore the institutional configuration of such a practice and to understand how the historical contingencies and path-dependencies in a transitional society interact with intensive bargaining to influence partnership building. It argues that the lack of a formal institutional framework to facilitate horizontal networking forces actors to opt for ad hoc collaborative arrangements. With the objective of making joint projects workable, commitments for cooperation have to be negotiated on a case-by-case basis through extensive bargaining. Although this creates much flexibility in consensus building, it does not guarantee success: success depends on the interplay of inter-ministry politics, interscalar relations, intercity politics and state–market relations. To a certain extent, the Chinese state can go beyond economic logic and shore up its legitimacy by prioritizing development. The post-reform path-dependencies can provide current political leaders with more rather than fewer instruments with which to negotiate interjurisdictional projects, and thus have greater influence over urban and regional economic governance.
Measuring biological indicators for status assessment of the heart of Borneo
Authors: WULFFRAAT STEPHAN , MORRISON JOHN 
Published: March 2013

SUMMARYThe ultimate measure of the success or failure of conservation initiatives in an area will be the ecological health of that area and the sustainability of institutions which support that ecological health. Heretofore, no comprehensive data has been presented about the current conservation state of the area known as the Heart of Borneo (HoB), a mostly intact subset of the island of Borneo, which is an international conservation priority. This paper identifies a set of indicators representative of the biodiversity status of the HoB; collecting and analysing data concerning these indicators and combining these data with supplemental conservation information should provide an accurate assessment of the overall conservation state of the HoB. Based on the indicators identified in this study, the general biodiversity status of the HoB is rated as good, or viable, although there are specific elements of concern. Using the threat indicators identified in this study, the overall threat level is medium. Major threats from industrial forest conversion and mining currently exist mainly on the edges of the HoB, but are likely to expand further inland without any intervention simply based on proximity. Though most habitats within (but not outside) the HoB are generally intact, the current protected area system is insufficiently representative of the natural ecosystems of the HoB area and its management effectiveness is as yet unknown.
Compensation, conservation and communities: an analysis of direct payments initiatives within an Indonesian marine protected area
Authors: CLIFTON JULIAN 
Published: March 2013

SUMMARYConservation practitioners are increasingly faced with the need to compensate resource users because of restrictions imposed on access and use of natural resources. The idea that direct payments may facilitate compensation more effectively than a programme based upon income substitution is questioned through examining two direct payments initiatives in an Indonesian marine national park. Elite capture of the direct payments process was facilitated in a context characterized by malleable state institutions and powerful private business interests, thereby disadvantaging key resource-dependent groups. The ecological benefits of direct payments initiatives and of protected areas were compromised through the emphasis on business priorities rather than environmental criteria. These difficulties were mitigated through taking account of existing practices regarding resource access, ensuring equal distribution of benefits and introducing new systems gradually over a period of time through trusted individuals, thereby facilitating the acceptance of direct payments initiatives amongst key user groups.
The Kunming mouse: as a model for age-related decline in female fertility in human
Authors: Cui Long-Bo , Zhou Xue-Ying , Zhao Zhen-Jun , Li Qian , Huang Xiu-Ying , Sun Fang-Zhen 
Published: March 2013

SummaryTo ascertain whether the Kunming (KM) mouse is an available model for age-related decline in female fertility in human or not, oocytes from young (6–8 weeks), middle-aged (9 months) and aged (12 months) female mice were compared with respect to number of oocytes, frequency of in-vitro maturation (IVM) and in-vitro fertilization (IVF), and meiotic chromosome segregation and alignment. The mean number of pups born per mouse decreased significantly from the young to the middle-aged and the aged mice. The mean number of ovarian follicles, ovarian germinal vesicle oocytes and ovulated MII oocytes decreased significantly with maternal age. The rate of IVM in oocytes from young mice (73.9%) was less significantly than that in oocytes from middle-aged and aged mice (86.1% and 84.4%, respectively). Immunocytochemical analysis showed that ageing caused a significantly higher rate (49.3%) of chromosome misalignment than that (15.7%) of the young mice. The presence of premature chromatids was also significantly higher in MII oocytes of aged mice as compared with young mice (37.8 versus 8.3%). Pronuclear formation was delayed in oocytes of middle-aged and aged females (35.5 and 42.3% respectively in 5 h of IVF) as compared with young mice (88.1%). The study suggests that KM mouse exhibits an age-related decline in female fertility. Significant reduction of germinal vesicle (GV) and MII oocytes and significant increase of metaphase chromosome misalignment and premature chromatid segregation after meiotic maturation of oocytes, similar to human, presumably contribute to the decline in aged KM mice.
Totaln-3 fatty acid and SFA intakes in relation to insulin resistance in a Canadian First Nation at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Paquet Catherine , Propsting Sarah L , Daniel Mark 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe present study sought to investigate the associations of totaln-3 fatty acid and SFA intakes with insulin resistance in a Canadian First Nation sample at risk for type 2 diabetes.DesignFasting values for glucose and insulin were used to estimate insulin resistance by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). Intakes ofn-3 fatty acids and SFA were computed from dietary food and drink data obtained using 3 d food records. Associations between HOMA-IR and dietaryn-3 and SFA consumption were tested using linear regression models accounting for age, sex, community, education, physical activity, waist circumference, fibre, protein and carbohydrate intakes, and HDL-cholesterol and TAG concentrations.SettingRural Okanagan region of British Columbia, Canada.SubjectsOn-reserve First Nation individuals (Interior Salishan) aged 18 years and over, recruited for community-based diabetes screening and determined to be normoglycaemic (n126).ResultsHOMA-IR was negatively associated with dietaryn-3 fatty acid intake (β= −0·22; 95 % CI −0·39, −0·04;P= 0·016) and positively associated with dietary SFA intake (β= 0·34; 95 % CI 0·15, 0·53;P= 0·0 0 1).ConclusionsIntake of dietaryn-3 fatty acids may be protective against whereas SFA intake may promote insulin resistance in this high-risk Canadian First Nation sample. Reduced dietary SFA intake and greatern-3 fatty acid intake may assist the prevention of glycaemic disease among First Nations peoples. More rigorous, controlled trials are required to test whether dietary supplementation withn-3 fatty acids in natural or supplement-based form might reduce diabetes risk in high-risk aboriginal groups.
From Gas to Stars over Cosmic Time
Authors: Mac Low Mordecai-Mark 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe formation of stars from gas drives the evolution of galaxies. Yet, it remains one of the hardest processes to understand when trying to connect observations of modern and high-redshift stellar and galaxy populations to models of large scale structure formation. It has become clear that the star formation rate at redshifts z > 2 drops off rather more quickly than was thought even five years ago. Theoretical models have tended to overpredict the star formation rate at these high redshifts substantially, primarily due to overcooling. Overcooling in galaxies typically occurs because of unphysical radiative cooling. As a result, insufficient turbulence is driven by stellar feedback in galaxies. I show that such turbulence has the net effect of strongly inhibiting star formation, despite its ability to locally promote star formation by compression. Radiation pressure appears less likely to be a dominant driver of the turbulence than has been argued, but supernova and magnetorotational instabilities remain viable mechanisms. Gravity alone cannot be the main driver, as otherwise well-resolved models without feedback would accurately predict star formation rates. Star formation rate surface density correlates well with observed molecular gas surface density, as well as with other tracers of high density material. Correlation does not, however, necessarily imply causation. In this case, it appears that both molecule formation and star formation occur as a consequence of gravitational collapse, with molecules typically playing an important but not an essential role in cooling. The basic concept that gravitational instability drives star formation remains a true guide through the thickets of complexity surrounding this topic. I finally briefly note that understanding ionization heating and radiation pressure from the most massive stars will likely require much higher resolution models (sub-parsec scale) than resolving supernova feedback.
Star-forming Substructure within Molecular Clouds
Authors: Di Francesco James 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWide-field far-infrared/submillimeter continuum maps of molecular clouds by the Herschel Space Observatory GBS and HOBYS surveys are revealing the star-forming substructures that lead to star formation in dense gas. In particular, these maps have revealed the central role in clouds of filaments, likely formed through turbulent motions. These filaments appear to be non-isothermal and fragment into cores only when their column densities exceed a stability threshold. Organizations of filament networks suggest the relative role of turbulence and gravity can be traced in different parts of a cloud, and filament intersections may lead to larger amounts of mass flow that form the precursors of high-mass stars or clusters.
UV and optical spectrum variability of T Tau and RY Tau
Authors: Ismailov N. Z. , Quliyev N. Kh. , Khalilov O. V. , Adigezalzade H. N. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn this report we have presented results of spectral observations of classical T Tauri type stars T Tau and RY Tau. Observational dates were obtained from following sources: spectrograms of the UV range from the IUE archive data, and spectrograms of the visual range obtained in the 2 m telescope of ShAO of the NAS of Azerbaijan (Ismailov et al. 2010). For both of stars on the Scargle method we have searched a periodicity of variations in equivalent widths of emission lines in the optical and UV ranges. In the RY Tau firstly was detected the periodic variability in MgII λ2800 Å emission doublet intensities with a period of 23 days. The observed period had also revealed with the equivalent widths and displacements of components of Hα and H+Hϵ and K CaII emission.The lines were found to be shifted to short wavelengths as the emission line intensities increased in both UV and optical spectral ranges. The lack of a correlation between the brightness variation and the emission line intensity also suggests that, on the whole, the contribution from the radiation in emission lines for the star RY Tau is insignificant.On the analysis of T Tau we conclude that there is a significant variation of spectral emission lines in the optical and UV on a time scale of about 33 days and that this variations is periodic. Both of stars shows the periodicity also for observed group of such lines as CIV λ1450 Å, HeII λ 1640 Å, SII λ1756 Å (Ismailov et al. 2010, Ismailov et al. 2011).Additionally we have carried out spectral energy distributions of this stars in the range 0.36-100 μm which have indicated the excess of spectral radiation in the IR range of spectrum. These excesses of radiations can be explained by the thermal radiation of still unformed bodies at the circumstellar environment. The periodic variability in the spectrum together with the excess of the spectral radiation may be occurred by protoplanets and/or protostars in these young systems. It is showed that possible, planet formation processes mainly to be completed at the time of the formation of classical T Tauri type stars.
Feedback of outflows in the Taurus Molecular Cloud
Authors: Li Huixian , Li Di , Nan Rendong 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe collected 27 outflows from the literature and found 8 new ones in the FCRAO CO maps of the Taurus molecular cloud. The total kinetic energy of the 35 outflows is found to be about 3% of the gravitational potential energy from the whole cloud. The feedback effect due to the outflows is minor in Taurus.
Wiggling Structures Along the NGC 1333 IRAS 2A Outflow
Authors: Tsai Cheng-Hung , Chen Huei-Ru , Lee Chin-Fei , Hirano Naomi , Shang Hsien 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWiggling structures in a bipolar outflow may be attributed to orbital motion of a binary system or precession of an accretion disk perturbed by a companion. The shocked knots along the outflow axis display a morphology with either mirror symmetry due to the orbital motion or point symmetry resulted from disk precession. Using the Submillimeter Array (SMA), our CO (2-1) and SiO (5-4) observations show wiggling structures in the collimated bipolar outflow driven by the NGC 1333 IRAS 2A Class 0 protostar (d ~ 200 pc). By fitting the peak positions of emission knots, we can examine the lateral displacement of the molecular jet to constrain parameters of the unresolved binary system, such as the binary separation and total binary mass. With an angular resolution of ~3″, we have determined the knot positions in SiO (5–4)(Fig. 1) and CO (2–1). As a first attempt, we consider the scenario of orbital motion in a binary system and estimate a total binary mass of ~ 1M⊙ and a binary separation of roughly ~ 20 AU, corresponding to ~ 0.1″. Such a small separation makes it challenging to resolve this hypothesized proto-binary system, which is thought to be responsible for the large-scale quadrupolar outflow nearly perpendicular with each other in CO (1–0).
The Molecular Cloud Population of the Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Wong Tony , Hughes Annie , Ott Jürgen , Pineda Jorge L. , Muller Erik ,   the MAGMA collaboration
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe have mapped an extensive sample of molecular clouds in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) at 11 pc resolution in the CO(1-0) line as part of the Magellanic Mopra Assessment (MAGMA). We identify clouds as regions of connected CO emission and determine their sizes, line widths, and fluxes. We find that GMCs are not preferentially located in regions of high Hi line width or velocity gradient, and that there is no clear Hi column density threshold for CO detection. The luminosity function of CO clouds is steeper than dN/dL ∝ L−2, suggesting a substantial fraction of mass in low-mass clouds. The correlation between size and linewidth, while apparent for the largest emission structures, breaks down when those structures are decomposed into smaller structures. The virial parameter (the ratio of a cloud's kinetic to gravitational energy) shows a wide range of values and exhibits no clear trends with the likelihood of hosting young stellar object (YSO) candidates, suggesting that this parameter is a poor reflection of the evolutionary state of a cloud. More massive GMCs are more likely to harbor a YSO candidate, and more luminous YSOs are more likely to be coincident with detectable CO emission, confirming GMCs as the principal sites of massive star formation.