bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of ω‐phosphonated poly(ethylene oxide)s through the combination of kabachnik–fields reaction and “click” chemistry
Authors: N'Guyen Thi Thanh Thuy , Oussadi Karima , Montembault Véronique , Fontaine Laurent 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe synthesis of new ω‐phosphonic acid‐terminated poly(ethylene oxide) (PEOs) monomethyl ethers was investigated by the combination of Atherton–Todd or Kabachnik–Fields reactions and the “click” copper‐catalyzed 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of azides and terminal alkynes. The Atherton–Todd route fails to give the corresponding phosphonic acid‐terminated PEOs due to competitive cleavage of the PN bond during the dealkylation step. In contrast, the Kabachnik–Fields route leads with very good yields to ω‐phosphonic acid‐PEO through “click” reaction of azido‐PEO onto dimethyl aminopropargyl phosphonate prepared by Kabachnik–Fields reaction between propargylbenzylimine and dimethyl phosphonate, followed by acidic hydrolysis. The reported methodology, precluding the use of anionic polymerization of ethylene oxide, leads to novel well‐defined phosphonic acid‐terminated PEOs from commercially available products in good yields. Moreover, such a strategy can be adapted to anchor phosphonic acid functionality onto a wide range of polymers. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Roll‐to‐Roll fabrication of large area functional organic materials
Authors: Søndergaard Roar R. , Hösel Markus , Krebs Frederik C. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWith the prospect of extremely fast manufacture of very low cost devices, organic electronics prepared by thin film processing techniques that are compatible with roll‐to‐roll (R2R) methods are presently receiving an increasing interest. Several technologies using organic thin films are at the point, where transfer from the laboratory to a more production‐oriented environment is within reach. In this review, we aim at giving an overview of some of the R2R‐compatible techniques that can be used in such a transfer, as well the current status of R2R application within some of the existing research fields such as organic photovoltaics, organic thin film transistors, light‐emitting diodes, polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells, and electrochromic devices. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2012
Synthesizing a new dielectric elastomer exhibiting large actuation strain and suppressed electromechanical instability without prestretching
Authors: Niu Xiaofan , Stoyanov Hristiyan , Hu Wei , Leo Ruby , Brochu Paul , Pei Qibing 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPrestrain provides high actuation performance in dielectric elastomers (DEs) but increases the bulk, mass, and fatigue of the resulting actuators. Based on our experiments on prestrain‐locked interpenetrating polymer films and the model developed by Zhao and Suo, materials with a certain stress–strain relationship should be capable of high strain without prestrain by suppressing electromechanical instability (EMI). Here, we report the synthesis of an acrylic elastomer capable of achieving high actuation performance without prestrain. DE films were directly fabricated by ultraviolet curing of precursors comprising a mixture of acrylate comonomers. Varying the amount of crosslinker comonomer in the precursor allowed us to tune the stress–strain relationship and completely suppress EMI while maintaining high strain performance. Addition of plasticizing agents increased strain sensitivity. The result is a new DE, synthesized from scratch, capable of high actuation strain (>100%), high energy density (>1 J g−1), and good temperature and frequency response without requiring prestretching. The material can be fabricated using conventional coating techniques and the process can allow for high volume throughput of stacked DE actuators. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2013
Pyramiding and evaluation of three dominant brown planthopper resistance genes in the elite indica rice 9311 and its hybrids
Authors: Hu Jie , Cheng Mingxing , Gao Guanjun , Zhang Qinglu , Xiao Jinghua , He Yuqing 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundBrown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens Stål, is the most devastating insect pest in rice‐producing areas. Three dominant BPH resistance genes (Bph14, Bph15, Bph18) were pyramided into elite indica rice 9311 and its hybrids using marker‐assisted selection. Gene effectiveness was evaluated on the basis of seedling and adult rice resistance, honeydew weight and survival rate of BPH.ResultsAll three genes affected BPH growth and development and antibiotic factors, resulting in both seedling and adult resistance. Bph15 had the greatest effect on conferring resistance to BPH. The results showed an additive effect of pyramiding genes, the order of the gene effect being 14/15/18 ≥ 14/15 > 15/18 ≥ 15 > 14/18 ≥ 14 ≥ 18 > none. The pyramided or single‐gene introgression hybrids showed greater resistance than conventional hybrids, although the heterozygous genotypes had weaker effects than the corresponding homozygous genotypes. Furthermore, field trial data demonstrated that yields of improved 9311 lines were higher than or similar to that of the control under natural field conditions. These improved versions can be immediately used in hybrid improvement and production.ConclusionCompared with controls, pyramided lines and hybrids with three genes showed the strongest resistance to BPH, without a yield decrease. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
The phenolic monoterpenoid carvacrol inhibits the binding of nicotine to the housefly nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
Authors: Tong Fan , Gross Aaron D , Dolan Marc C , Coats Joel R 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe phenolic monoterpenoid carvacrol, which is found in many plant essential oils (thyme, oregano and Alaska yellow cedar), is highly active against pest arthropods, but its mechanisms of action are not fully understood. Here, carvacrol is shown to bind in a membrane preparation containing insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). [14C]‐Nicotine binding assays with Musca domestica (housefly) nAChRs were used in this study to demonstrate carvacrol's binding to nAChRs, thereby acting as a modulator of the receptors.ResultsCarvacrol showed a concentration‐dependent inhibition of [14C]‐nicotine binding in a membrane preparation of housefly heads containing nAChRs, with IC50 = 1.4 μM, in a non‐competitive pattern. Binding studies with neonicotinoid insecticides revealed that imidacloprid and thiamethoxam did not inhibit the binding of [14C]‐nicotine, while dinotefuran, from the guanidine subclass of neonicotinoids, inhibited nicotine binding like carvacrol.ConclusionsCarvacrol binds to housefly nAChRs at a binding site distinct from nicotine and acetylcholine, and the nAChRs are a possible target of carvacrol for its insecticidal activity.© 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Navigated treatment of metatarsal V fractures using a new image based guidance system
Authors: Kraus Michael , Dehner Christoph , Riepl Christoph , Krischak Gert , Gebhard Florian , Schöll Hendrik 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundComputer assisted imaging systems are rarely used for fracture treatment and foot surgery. We introduce a new system for image based guidance in traumatology.MethodsWe included 20 patients with a fracture of the fifth metatarsal. They were randomized on admission into two groups. Ten patients in the metatarsal group were operated conventionally and ten were operated with the assistance of a new image guidance system. This system is based on 2D‐fluoro images which are acquired with a conventional c‐arm and are transferred to the system workstation. After detecting marked tools, it can be used to display trajectories for K‐wire guidance in the c‐arm shot.ResultsThe average duration of surgery in the image‐guided group was 12.7 minutes. In the conventional treated group, it was 17 minutes. The average duration of radiation was 18 seconds in the image‐guided group vs. 32.4 seconds in the conventional group. 1.6 trials were necessary to position the K‐wire for image‐guided procedures in comparison to 2.7 trials in the conventional group.ConclusionImage‐based guidance systems can be used for indications, were hitherto existing navigation systems are limited due to their dependence on fixed reference devices. Image‐guided systems can be integrated into existing workflows and can reduce the malpositioning of guidewires. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robotic adrenalectomy: technical aspects, early results and learning curve
Authors: D'Annibale Annibale , Lucandri Giorgio , Monsellato Igor , De Angelis Monica , Pernazza Graziano , Alfano Giovanni , Mazzocchi Paolo , Pende Vito 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundAdrenal surgery is undergoing continuous evolution, and robotic technology may extend indications for a minimally invasive approach to adrenalectomy.MethodsThirty robot‐assisted unilateral transperitoneal adrenalectomy procedures have been performed at our Department over the last 5 years. The presence of bilateral lesions and vascular involvement were the only contra‐indications for a minimally invasive approach. Several patients presented with significant co‐morbidities: BMI > 35 kg/m2 (20%); ASA score III–IV (58.7%); and moderate to severe impaired respiratory function (36.6%). In addition, 40% of patients had undergone previous abdominal surgery.ResultsTwo patients presented with intra‐operative complications (6.6%) and only one patient required conversion to an open procedure (3.3%). None of the patients required intraoperative transfusions. Hospital morbidity was 10% but no mortality was recorded. The mean hospital stay was 5.2 ± 2.2 days. The mean size of the resected adrenal mass was 5.1 ± 2.4 cm. A significant reduction in operative times was found with gaining experience.ConclusionsThanks to robotic technology, some subpopulations of patients with clinical or oncological contra‐indications to laparoscopic treatment may be addressed with minimally invasive treatment. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design and evaluation of a slave manipulator with roll‐pitch‐roll wrist and automatic tool loading mechanism in telerobotic surgery
Authors: Kim Ki‐Young , Lee Jung‐Ju 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundAs there is a shortage of scrub nurses in many hospitals, automatic surgical tool exchanging mechanism without human labour has been studied. Minimally invasive robotic surgeries (MIRS) also require scrub nurses. A surgical tool loading mechanism without a scrub nurse's assistance for MIRS is proposed. Many researchers have developed minimally invasive surgical instruments with a wrist joint that can be movable inside the abdomen. However, implementation of a distal rolling joint on a gripper is rare.MethodsTo implement surgical tool exchanging without a scrub nurse's assistance, a slave manipulator and a tool loader were developed to load and unload a surgical tool unit. A surgical tool unit with a roll‐pitch‐roll wrist was developed. Several experiments were performed to validate the effectiveness of the slave manipulator and the surgical tool unit.ResultsThe slave manipulator and the tool loader were able to successfully unload and load the surgical tool unit without human assistance. The total duration of unloading and loading the surgical tool unit was 97 s. Motion tracking experiments of the distal rolling joint were performed. The maximum positioning error of the step input response was 2°.ConclusionsThe advantage of the proposed slave manipulator and tool loader is that other robotic systems or human labour are not needed for surgical tool loading. The feasibility of the distal rolling joint in MIS is verified. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robustness analysis of a smart surgical drill for cochleostomy
Authors: Du Xinli , Assadi Masoud Z , Jowitt Felicity , Brett Peter N , Henshaw Scott , Dalton James , Proops David W , Coulson Chris J , Reid Andrew P 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundThere is a need for sensor‐guided robotic devices that discriminate working conditions and media, and control interaction of tool‐points with respect to tissues. At the micro‐surgical scale the need is to control exact penetration through flexible tissues and to control relative motion with respect to moving or deforming tissue targets and interfaces.MethodsThis paper describes a smart surgical drill that is able to control interaction with respect to the flexing tissue to avoid penetration or to control the extent of protrusion with respect to the position of the flexible tissue interface under drilling. The sensing scheme used is able to discriminate between the variations in types of conditions posed in the drilling environment.ResultsThe fully autonomous system is able to respond to tissue type, behaviour and deflection in real time. The system is robust in terms of different drilling angle, thickness, stiffness, and disturbances encountered. Also it is intuitive to use, efficient to set up and uses standard drill bits.ConclusionsThe smart drill has been used to prepare cochleostomies in theatre and was used to remove bone tissue leaving the endosteal membrane intact. This has enabled preservation of sterility and the drilling debris to be removed prior to insertion of the electrode. Results presented in this paper suggest that the robotic smart drill is tolerant and robust on various angled drilling trajectories with respect to tissues, tissue thickness, environmental disturbances, and has been used within the operating theatre. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Changes in the surface roughness and friction coefficient of orthodontic bracket slots before and after treatment
Authors: Liu Xiaomo , Lin Jiuxiang , Ding Peng 
Published: October 2012

SummaryIn this study, we tested the surface roughness of bracket slots and the friction coefficient between the bracket and the stainless steel archwire before and after orthodontic treatment. There were four experimental groups: groups 1 and 2 were 3M new and retrieved brackets, respectively, and groups 3 and 4 were BioQuick new and retrieved brackets, respectively. All retrieved brackets were taken from patients with the first premolar extraction and using sliding mechanics to close the extraction space. The surface roughness of specimens was evaluated using an optical interferometry profilometer, which is faster and nondestructive compared with a stylus profilometer, and provided a larger field, needing no sample preparation, compared with atomic force microscopy. Orthodontic treatment resulted in significant increases in surface roughness and coefficient of friction for both brands of brackets. However, there was no significant difference by brand for new or retrieved brackets. These retrieval analysis results highlight the necessity of reevaluating the properties and clinical behavior of brackets during treatment to make appropriate treatment decisions. SCANNING 35: 265‐272, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Towards affordably adaptable and effective systems
Authors: Neches Robert , Madni Azad M. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractResilience means different things in different disciplines. From a systems engineering perspective, we define resilience as the ability of a system to adapt affordably and perform effectively across a wide range of operational contexts, where context is defined by mission, environment, threat, and force disposition. A key issue in engineering resilient systems is the lengthy and costly upfront engineering process, which program managers justifiably find unacceptable. This paper presents how advances in computational technology can potentially transform the system development process in new and novel ways to enable fast, efficient, and inexpensive upfront engineering—the key to engineering resilient systems. These processes, in turn, can enable rapid development, deployment, and operation of affordably adaptable and effective systems. ©2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 16
On new emerging concepts of petroleum digital ecosystem
Authors: Nimmagadda Shastri L. , Dreher Heinz 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPetroleum‐bearing sedimentary basin is an emerging digital ecosystem. Petroleum system and its elements are narrated for each and every oil and gas field in each and every petroleum‐bearing sedimentary basin. A new concept of ecosystem and its digitization are emerging within the generic petroleum system. The Significance of this concept comes with an ability to establish connectivity among petroleum subsystems, for example, Albertine Graben (Western Uganda), through attributes of their components and their contextualization and specifications. Unless the phenomenon of integration of elements and processes among subbasins in the context of digital representation, visualization, and interpretation are understood, the existence of petroleum system (both at local and global scales) and its survival, the phenomenon of ‘interconnectivity’ among ecosystems cannot be well explained. Its value cannot be added in terms of petroleum accumulations and volumes, unless these phenomena are made explicit. Authors propose ontology‐based data warehousing and data mining technologies in which conceptualization and contextualization of multiple data dimensions' are modeled (elements and processes of petroleum system), besides their integration (within data warehouse environment) and data mining of interpretable emerging petroleum digital ecosystem. Multidimensional data warehousing and mining facilitate an effective interpretation of petroleum ecosystems, minimizing the ambiguities involved during structure and reservoir qualifications and quantifications, especially during reserve computations. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.This article is categorized under:

Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Data Concepts
Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Knowledge Representation
Technologies > Visualization
Overview of random forest methodology and practical guidance with emphasis on computational biology and bioinformatics
Authors: Boulesteix Anne‐Laure , Janitza Silke , Kruppa Jochen , König Inke R. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe random forest (RF) algorithm by Leo Breiman has become a standard data analysis tool in bioinformatics. It has shown excellent performance in settings where the number of variables is much larger than the number of observations, can cope with complex interaction structures as well as highly correlated variables and return measures of variable importance. This paper synthesizes 10 years of RF development with emphasis on applications to bioinformatics and computational biology. Special attention is paid to practical aspects such as the selection of parameters, available RF implementations, and important pitfalls and biases of RF and its variable importance measures (VIMs). The paper surveys recent developments of the methodology relevant to bioinformatics as well as some representative examples of RF applications in this context and possible directions for future research. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.This article is categorized under:

Algorithmic Development > Hierarchies and Trees
Algorithmic Development > Statistics
Application Areas > Health Care
Vitamin C Enhances Vitamin E Status and Reduces Oxidative Stress Indicators in Sea Bass Larvae Fed High DHA Microdiets
Authors: Betancor Mónica B. , Caballero Mª. José , Terova Genciana , Corà Samuela , Saleh Reda , Benítez‐Santana Tibiábin , Bell J. Gordon , Hernández‐Cruz Carmen María , Izquierdo Marisol 
Published: October 2012

AbstractDocosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an essential fatty acid necessary for many biochemical, cellular and physiological functions in fish. However, high dietary levels of DHA increase free radical injury in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae muscle, even when vitamin E (α‐tocopherol, α‐TOH) is increased. Therefore, the inclusion of other nutrients with complementary antioxidant functions, such as vitamin C (ascorbic acid, vitC), could further contribute to prevent these lesions. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of vitC inclusion (3,600 mg/kg) in high DHA (5 % DW) and α‐TOH (3,000 mg/kg) microdiets (diets 5/3,000 and 5/3,000 + vitC) in comparison to a control diet (1 % DHA DW and 1,500 mg/kg of α‐TOH; diet 1/1,500) on sea bass larvae growth, survival, whole body biochemical composition and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) content, muscle morphology, skeletal deformities and antioxidant enzymes, insulin‐like growth factors (IGFs) and myosin expression (MyHC). Larvae fed diet 1/1,500 showed the best performance in terms of total length, incidence of muscular lesions and ossification degree. IGFs gene expression was elevated in 5/3,000 diet larvae, suggesting an increased muscle mitogenesis that was confirmed by the increase in the mRNA copies of MyHC. vitC effectively controlled oxidative damages in muscle, increased α‐TOH larval contents and reduced TBARS content and the occurrence of skull deformities. The results of the present study showed the antioxidant synergism between vitamins E and C when high contents of DHA are included in sea bass larvae diets.