bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extending the method of exponential basis functions to problems with singularities
Authors: Mossaiby Farshid , Bazrpach Majid , Shojaei Arman 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to aim at extending the method of exponential basis functions (EBF) to solve a class of problems with singularities.

Design/methodology/approach
– In the procedure of EBF a summation of EBF satisfying the governing differential equation with unknown constant coefficients is considered for the solution. These coefficients are determined by the satisfaction of prescribed boundary conditions through a collocation approach. The applied basis functions are available in the case of linear partial differential equations (PDEs) with constant coefficients. Moreover, the method contributes to yield highly accurate results with ultra convergence rates for problems with smooth solution. This leads EBF to offer many advantages for a variety of engineering problems. However, owing to the global and smooth nature of the bases, the performance of EBF deteriorates in problems with singularities. In the present study, some exponential-like influence functions are developed, and a few of them are added to original bases.

Findings
– The new bases are capable of forming the constitutive terms of the asymptotic solution near the singularity points and alleviate the aforementioned limitation. The appealing feature of this method is that all the advantages of EBF such as its simplicity and efficiency are completely preserved.

Research limitations/implications
– In its current form, EBF can only solve PDEs with constant coefficients.

Originality/value
– Application of the method to some benchmark problems demonstrates its robustness over some other boundary approximation methods. This research may pave the road for future investigations corresponding to a wide range of practical engineering problems.
On a mixed time integration procedure for non-linear structural dynamics
Authors: Arruda Mário Rui Tiago , Moldovan Dragos Ionut 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to report the implementation of an alternative time integration procedure for the dynamic non-linear analysis of structures.Design/methodology/approach– The time integration algorithm discussed in this work corresponds to a spectral decomposition technique implemented in the time domain. As in the case of the modal decomposition in space, the numerical efficiency of the resulting integration scheme depends on the possibility of uncoupling the equations of motion. This is achieved by solving an eigenvalue problem in the time domain that only depends on the approximation basis being implemented. Complete sets of orthogonal Legendre polynomials are used to define the time approximation basis required by the model.Findings– A classical example with known analytical solution is presented to validate the model, in linear and non-linear analysis. The efficiency of the numerical technique is assessed. Comparisons are made with the classical Newmark method applied to the solution of both linear and non-linear dynamics. The mixed time integration technique presents some interesting features making very attractive its application to the analysis of non-linear dynamic systems. It corresponds in essence to a modal decomposition technique implemented in the time domain. As in the case of the modal decomposition in space, the numerical efficiency of the resulting integration scheme depends on the possibility of uncoupling the equations of motion.Originality/value– One of the main advantages of this technique is the possibility of considering relatively large time step increments which enhances the computational efficiency of the numerical procedure. Due to its characteristics, this method is well suited to parallel processing, one of the features that have to be conveniently explored in the near future.
Shaped charge simulation using SPH in cylindrical coordinates
Authors: Baêta-Neves Alessandro Piccaglia , Ferreira Arnaldo 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the applicability of the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method in the jet formation process of a cylindrical-shaped charge (CSC). Different SPH formulations, suggested in other works, to other applications, are brought together in order to build a model that represents the phenomenon of detonation of a CSC in a more realistic way.

Design/methodology/approach
– A two-dimensional (2D) SPH formulation using cylindrical coordinates is adopted to simulate CSCs. The problem of fluid-solid interaction between the detonation wave of the explosive and the metal liner, numerically unstable due to the great difference in density between the phases, is resolved adopting the multi-phase strategy. A new proposition of artificial viscosity is incorporated in order to account the convergence effect of the liner particles toward the axis of symmetry of the charge. Two numerical examples are used to validate the formulation. In the first, the velocity and length differences between the jets formed from a CSC and a linear-shaped charge (LSC) using planar detonation on both are compared. In the second example, the effect of the conical cavity angle in the maximum jet velocity is evaluated, comparing the simulated results of CSC with four different cavity angles, with the experimental results.

Findings
– The results show that the 2D SPH method in cylindrical coordinates is able to simulate the detonation process of a CSC. Accordingly with the formulations used, the following conclusions can be made: the multi-phase strategy is able to capture the multi-material interface of the fluid-solid interaction between the detonation wave and the metal liner; and in the cylindrical geometry, a second artificial viscosity is necessary in order to include the convergence effect of the particles toward the axis of symmetry and obtaining more realistic results for the jet velocity.

Originality/value
– The applicability of the SPH method to simulate LSCs has been tested and verified in other works, but there are not references that address the application of the SPH method to simulate CSCs. CSCs are widely used in the defense industry and in the oil industries. In the oil industry, the perforating process may currently be the most common use of such a device. For this reason, it is believed that the proposed formulation in this paper is a good alternative to these specific applications.
Evans Wadongo: bridging the electricity divide in Kenya
Authors: Faheem Hadiya 
Published: April 2015

Subject area
Social entrepreneurship, Business Strategy.

Study level/applicability
MBA/MS.

Case overview
The case discusses about Evans Wadongo, a Kenya-born engineer and social entrepreneur, and his efforts of lighting up the rural communities of Kenya through his MwangBora solar lanterns. Wadongo through his social enterprise Sustainable Development for All-Kenya (SDFA-Kenya) economically empowered women, educated children and empowered youth by creating employment opportunities for them. By 2012, SDFA-Kenya had successfully impacted the lives of 1,20,000 people, benefited more than 60 community groups and set up around 30 economic ventures.

Expected learning outcomes
Concept of social entrepreneurship, business model innovation, product innovation, bottom of the pyramid as a market, sustainable development, triple bottom line.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.
Managing airborne relief during international disasters
Authors: Morales Michael , Sandlin Doral Edward 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to highlight the need for an entity to manage airborne relief when a nation’s civil aviation authorities are overwhelmed or incapacitated due to a major rapid-onset disaster.Design/methodology/approach– The paper examines why relief airflow management was so vital during the 2010 Haiti earthquake and how this management was accomplished. The author uses a case study methodology that includes interviews with logistics and aviation experts within the humanitarian and military communities involved in the Haiti relief effort.Findings– The research highlighted an airflow management capability gap within the humanitarian community. The author sets forth several possible alternatives for resolving this gap.Research limitations/implications– The research is a single case study of the 2010 Haiti earthquake. While performing a multiple case study may have provided more widely applicable conclusions, this case study provides in-depth information applicable to the worst of disasters, where an airflow management capability is most likely to be needed.Practical implications– While host nation civil aviation authorities retain responsibility for airspace/airflow management after a disaster, these can oft be overwhelmed by the volume of airborne relief flooding the area. Without an entity to assist the affected nation with airflow management, smooth logistical flow of relief goods to those in need can be catastrophically impeded.Originality/value– Little research exists on disaster relief airflow management or the legitimate need for this capability to be developed within the humanitarian community.
Of fish and goddesses: using photo-elicitation with sex workers
Authors: Smith Elizabeth 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– Art-based research is about so much more than producing interesting, confronting, or pretty visuals: it is about the stories beneath, attached to, and elicited through the image. It is also about the experience of thinking about, capturing, and producing that visual. The purpose of this paper is to examine the use of participant-driven photo-elicitation interviews with six women working in sex work in Victoria, Australia.

Design/methodology/approach
– The author does this both through the women’s narratives and through a researcher autoethnography. From her current position, the author (re)writes her experiences of undertaking this research in 2009, in order to highlight the uncertainty and confusion that can accompany visual research methods.

Findings
– The multiple places that photos can take participants, researchers, and readers is explored including empathy and understandings of how a single phenomenon (such as sex work) intersects with all other aspects of people’s lives and cannot be explained through theory that does not take account of intersectionality.

Originality/value
– This paper is a unique exploration of two methods, one layered over the other. It contributes to learnings obtained through participant-driven photo-elicitation while also treating the researcher’s experience of using this interview technique as data as well.
In danger of writing
Authors: Mackinlay Elizabeth 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore the possibility of doing more with writing and autoethnography as ethical, response-able and decolonizing practice.Design/methodology/approach– This paper is written in a playful, performative and poetic way and engages with the writings and ideas of Helene Cixous and Virginia Woolf as a conversation between them and the author.Findings– This paper suggests that an autoethnographic writing practice which is at once affective, critical and performative, holds the possibilities to engage in decoloniality.Originality/value– Engagement with the past and present legacy of colonial practice in education and ethnography is crucial if the author want to move beyond social justice and decoloniality as metaphor. The writing practice put forward is new and challenging in its push to do this.
Health, Maintenance, and Recovery of Soft Tissues around Implants
Authors: Wang Yulan , Zhang Yufeng , Miron Richard J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe health of peri‐implant soft tissues is one of the most important aspects of osseointegration necessary for the long‐term survival of dental implants.PurposeTo review the process of soft tissue healing around osseointegrated implants and discuss the maintenance requirements as well as the possible short‐comings of peri‐implant soft tissue integration.Materials and MethodsLiterature search on the process involved in osseointegration, soft tissue healing and currently available treatment modalities was performed and a brief description of each process was provided.ResultsThe peri‐implant interface has been shown to be less effective than natural teeth in resisting bacterial invasion because gingival fiber alignment and reduced vascular supply make it more vulnerable to subsequent peri‐implant disease and future bone loss around implants. And we summarized common procedures which have been shown to be effective in preventing peri‐implantitis disease progression as well as clinical techniques utilized to regenerate soft tissues with bone loss in advanced cases of peri‐implantitis.ConclusionDue to the difference between peri‐implant interface and natural teeth, clinicians and patients should pay more attention in the maintenance and recovery of soft tissues around implants.
Young children with a positive reputation to maintain are less likely to cheat
Authors: Fu Genyue , Heyman Gail D. , Qian Miao , Guo Tengfei , Lee Kang 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe present study examined whether having a positive reputation to maintain makes young children less likely to cheat. Cheating was assessed through a temptation resistance paradigm in which participants were instructed not to cheat in a guessing game. Across three studies (total N = 361), preschool‐aged participants were randomly assigned to either a reputation condition, in which an experimenter told them that she had learned of their positive reputation from classmates, or to a control condition in which they received no such information. By age 5, children in the reputation condition cheated less often than those in the control condition even though nobody was watching and choosing not to cheat conflicted with their personal interest. These findings are the first to show that informing children that they have a positive reputation to maintain can influence their moral behavior.
Geographic Information Systems for Transportation in the 21st Century
Authors: Miller Harvey J. , Shaw Shih‐Lung 
Published: April 2015

AbstractGeographic Information Systems for Transportation: Principles and Applications (Miller and Shaw) remains the only major authored text on the interdisciplinary field of Geographic Information Systems for Transportation (GIS‐T). However, Miller and Shaw () is a product of the 20th century, and the fields of GIS, transportation and GIS‐T have changed dramatically in the early 21st century. We are witnessing a revolution in transportation and urban sciences, fueled by a stunning advancement in capabilities to capture, store and process data, as well as communicate information and knowledge derived from these data. This paper is a review of GIS‐T in the 20th and 21st centuries. Using Miller and Shaw () as a touchstone, we discuss elements of GIS‐T that have stood the test of time as well as new technologies and ideas that an updated GIS‐T canon should include.
Periodontal regeneration employing gingival margin‐derived stem/progenitor cells in conjunction with IL‐1ra‐hydrogel synthetic extracellular matrix
Authors: Fawzy El‐Sayed Karim M. , Mekhemar Mohamed K. , Beck‐Broichsitter Benedicta E. , Bähr Telse , Hegab Marwa , Receveur Jan , Heneweer Carola , Becker Stephan T. , Wiltfang Joerg , Dörfer Christof E. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAimThis study investigated the periodontal regenerative potential of gingival margin‐derived stem/progenitor cells (G‐MSCs) in conjunction with IL‐1ra‐releasing hyaluronic acid synthetic extracellular matrix (HA‐sECM).Materials and MethodsPeriodontal defects were induced at four sites in eight miniature pigs in the premolar/molar area (−4 weeks). Autologus G‐MSCs were isolated from the free gingival margin and magnetically sorted, using anti‐STRO‐1 antibodies. Colony formation and multilineage differentiation potential were tested. The G‐MSCs were expanded and incorporated into IL‐1ra‐loaded/unloaded HA‐sECM. Within every miniature pig, four periodontal defects were randomly treated with IL‐1ra/G‐MSCs/HA‐sECM (test group), G‐MSCs/HA‐sECM (positive‐control), scaling and root planing (SRP; negative control‐1) or left untreated (no‐treatment group; negative control 2). Differences in clinical attachment level (ΔCAL), probing depth (ΔPD), gingival recession (ΔGR), radiographic defect volume (ΔRDV), and changes in bleeding on probing (BOP) between baseline and 16 weeks post‐transplantation, as well as periodontal attachment level (PAL), junctional epithelium length (JE), connective tissue adhesion (CTA), cementum regeneration (CR) and bone regeneration (BR) at 16 weeks post‐transplantation were evaluated.ResultsIsolated G‐MSCs showed stem/progenitor cell characteristics. IL‐1ra loaded and unloaded G‐MSCs/HA‐sECM showed higher ΔCAL, ΔPD, ΔGR, PAL, CR and BR as well as a lower JE compared to their negative controls and improved BOP.ConclusionG‐MSCs in conjunction with IL‐1ra‐loaded/unloaded HA‐sECM show a significant periodontal regenerative potential.
Subject‐driven titration of biphasic insulin aspart 30 twice daily is non‐inferior to investigator‐driven titration in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with premixed human insulin: A randomized, open‐label, parallel‐group, multicenter trial
Authors: Yang Wenying , Zhu Lvyun , Meng Bangzhu , Liu Yu , Wang Wenhui , Ye Shandong , Sun Li , Miao Heng , Guo Lian , Wang Zhanjian , Lv Xiaofeng , Li Quanmin , Ji Qiuhe , Zhao Weigang , Yang Gangyi 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe present study was to compare the efficacy and safety of subject‐driven and investigator‐driven titration of biphasic insulin aspart 30 (BIAsp 30) twice daily (BID).Materials and MethodsIn this 20‐week, randomized, open‐label, two‐group parallel, multicenter trial, Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by premixed/self‐mixed human insulin were randomized 1:1 to subject‐driven or investigator‐driven titration of BIAsp 30 BID, in combination with metformin and/or α‐glucosidase inhibitors. Dose adjustment was decided by patients in the subject‐driven group after training, and by investigators in the investigator‐driven group.ResultsEligible adults (n = 344) were randomized in the study. The estimated glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) reduction was 14.5 mmol/mol (1.33%) in the subject‐driven group and 14.3 mmol/mol (1.31%) in the investigator‐driven group. Non‐inferiority of subject‐titration vs investigator‐titration in reducing HbA1c was confirmed, with estimated treatment difference −0.26 mmol/mol (95% confidence interval −2.05, 1.53) (–0.02%, 95% confidence interval –0.19, 0.14). Fasting plasma glucose, postprandial glucose increment and self‐measured plasma glucose were improved in both groups without statistically significant differences. One severe hypoglycemic event was experienced by one subject in each group. A similar rate of nocturnal hypoglycemia (events/patient‐year) was reported in the subject‐driven (1.10) and investigator‐driven (1.32) groups. There were 64.5 and 58.1% patients achieving HbA1c <53.0 mmol/mol (7.0%), and 51.2 and 45.9% patients achieving the HbA1c target without confirmed hypoglycemia throughout the trial in the subject‐driven and investigator‐driven groups, respectively.ConclusionsSubject‐titration of BIAsp 30 BID was as efficacious and well‐tolerated as investigator‐titration. The present study supported patients to self‐titrate BIAsp 30 BID under physicians’ supervision.
Declining newborn intramuscular vitamin K prophylaxis predicts subsequent immunisation refusal: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Bernhardt Helen , Barker David , Reith David M , Broadbent Roland S , Jackson Pamela M , Wheeler Benjamin J 
Published: April 2015

AimLow rates of childhood immunisation are linked to outbreaks of infectious disease. Identifying and addressing barriers to immunisation may lead to improved immunisation rates. Immunisation and newborn vitamin K prophylaxis have many similarities. We aimed to investigate whether parents who decline newborn vitamin K are also more likely to decline subsequent childhood immunisations.MethodsWe undertook a retrospective cohort study, examining the relationship between vitamin K administration and immunisation uptake by parents of babies born over a 2‐year period (January 2010–December 2011) in Dunedin, New Zealand (NZ). Both written and electronic data from a single birthing unit and the NZ National Immunisation Register (NIR) were analysed to ascertain the relationship between declining newborn vitamin K prophylaxis and subsequent immunisation uptake.ResultsRecords for 3575 babies were examined. Ninety‐two per cent of infants received intramuscular, and 5% received oral vitamin K. An increased risk ratio for non‐immunisation of 14.1 (95% confidence interval 7.8–25.9) for babies whose parents declined vitamin K was identified. Receiving oral vitamin K was also associated with subsequent non‐immunisation, with a risk ratio of 3.5 (95% confidence interval 1.7–7.3).ConclusionsParents who decline newborn vitamin K are more likely to decline immunisation for their child. These parents, as well as those that elect for oral vitamin K, are a small but easily identifiable group to whom additional education about the benefits of immunisation could be offered. This is especially pertinent at a time when there is a resurgence of immunisation preventable diseases.
The Relationship Between Metabolic Syndrome, Its Components, and Erectile Dysfunction: A Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies
Authors: Besiroglu Huseyin , Otunctemur Alper , Ozbek Emin 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Introduction
The studies examining the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS), its components, and erectile dysfunction (ED) should be reevaluated to arrive at comprehensive results in this field.

Aim
Our aim was to gather individual studies in order to achieve a more reliable conclusion regarding the relationship between MetS, its components, and ED.

Methods
Three investigators searched the Pubmed-Medline and Embase databases using the key words “metabolic syndrome” and “erectile dysfunction.” The individual studies were evaluated for selection of suitable studies.

Main Outcome Measures
Eight studies that met all inclusion criteria were chosen, and a pooled analysis of odds ratio (ORs) between MetS and ED was calculated. The components of MetS to ED were also estimated.

Results
Eight observational studies with a total of 12,067 participants were examined. The overall analysis revealed a 2.6-fold increase in patients with MetS having ED (2.67[1.79–3.96]; P &lt; 0.0001). All individual components of MetS except high-density lipoprotein level were also found to correlate with an increased prevalence of ED. Of those, fasting blood sugar was detected highest rate for ED with OR of 2.07 ([1.49–2.87]; P &lt; 0.0001).

Conclusions
Metabolic syndrome is associated with a high risk rate of ED, and patients with MetS should be informed about this association and encouraged to make lifestyle modifications to improve their general health and to limit cardiovascular risk as well as ED prevalence. However, manuscripts included in meta-analysis were observational studies that prohibits ascertainment of temporal associations and necessitates further prospective studies.