bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Craving for Food in Virtual Reality Scenarios in Non‐Clinical Sample: Analysis of its Relationship with Body Mass Index and Eating Disorder Symptoms
Authors: Ferrer‐Garcia Marta , Gutierrez‐Maldonado Jose , Treasure Janet , Vilalta‐Abella Ferran 
Published: June 2015

AbstractVirtual reality (VR) technology has been successfully used to study the influence of specific and contextual food‐related cues on emotional, cognitive and behavioural responses in patients with eating disorders (ED) and healthy controls. Following this research line, the present study assesses the effect on reported food craving of the type of food (low calorie versus high calorie) and the presence or absence of other people (private versus social context) in VR environments. Relationships between craving and body mass index (BMI) and ED symptoms are also explored. Eighty‐seven female students were exposed to four VR scenarios presented in random order: a low‐calorie kitchen, a high‐calorie kitchen, a low‐calorie restaurant and a high‐calorie restaurant. After 2 minutes of exposure to each virtual scenario, food craving was assessed. Repeated measures analyses of covariance were conducted to assess changes in food craving following exposure to the different VR environments. Time elapsed since the last meal was introduced as a covariate to control for responses produced by food deprivation. Correlation and hierarchical multiple regression analyses were also conducted to assess the relationship between reported food craving and BMI and ED symptoms. Participants experienced higher levels of food craving after exposure to high‐calorie foods (in both the kitchen and restaurant environments) than after exposure to low‐calorie foods. Being alone in the kitchen or with friends in the restaurant had no effect on reported craving. Overall, neither BMI nor ED symptoms were related with reported food craving; only in the restaurant with low‐calorie food was a significant negative correlation found between BMI and food craving. The results suggest that cue exposure in virtual environments is an effective procedure for inducing food craving in healthy controls and may be useful as a research and therapeutic tool in clinical populations. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Surface evolution of salt‐encrusted playas under extreme and continued dryness
Authors: Artieda Octavio , Davila Alfonso , Wierzchos Jacek , Buhler Peter , Rodríguez‐Ochoa Rafael , Pueyo Juan , Ascaso Carmen 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMiocene continental saltpans are scattered in the Central Valley of the Atacama Desert, one of the driest regions on Earth. These evaporitic deposits are hydrologically inactive, and are detached from groundwater brines or aquifers. The surface of the saltpans, also known as salars, comprises desiccation polygons, commonly with nodular salt structures along their sides. The morphology and bulk mineralogy of salt polygons differs between and within salars, and the shape and internal structure of salt nodules varies between different polygon types. Based on field observation, and mineralogy and crystallography data, we generated a conceptual model for the genesis and evolution of these surface features, whereby rare rainfall events are responsible for the transformation of desiccation salt polygons and the initial formation of salt nodules along polygon borders. In addition, frequent, but less intense, deliquescence events further drive the evolution of salt nodules, resulting in a characteristic internal structure that includes laminations, and changes in porosity and crystal morphologies. As a result, and despite the extreme dryness, the surfaces of fossil salars are dynamic on timescales of several years to decades, in response to daily cycles in atmospheric moisture, and also to rare and meager rainfall events. We propose that fossil salars in the Atacama Desert represent an end stage in the evolution of evaporitic deposits under extreme and prolonged dryness. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nutritional composition of fufu analog flour produced from Cassava root (Manihot esculenta) and Cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta) tuber
Authors: Bamidele Oluwaseun P. , Fasogbon Mofoluwaso B. , Oladiran Dolapo A. , Akande Ebunoluwa O. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractNutritional properties of fufu analog produced from co‐processing of cassava and cocoyam were studied. Cassava and cocoyam were fermented for 72 h, dried to obtain fufu flour. Proximate, functional, minerals, antinutritional factor, pasting properties, and sensory evaluation of various samples were determined. The results revealed that the moisture contents of the samples showed significant difference from control with values between 6.50 and 7.30%. The protein contents (1.68–4.98%), ash (1.84–4.01%), and crude fiber (1.42–4.56%) showed significant increase with increasing level of cocoyam, while the crude fat and carbohydrate reduced with increase in cocoyam. The minerals also increased with increase in cocoyam level with sample E having the highest value of Magnesium (32.15 mg/100 g). The antinutritional factors were very low and the pasting properties revealed the importance of cocoyam in the fufu analog produced. In conclusion, fufu produced from co‐processing of cassava and cocoyam has more nutritional qualities than the common fufu made from cassava alone.
Genome‐Wide Analysis of Gene‐Gene and Gene‐Environment Interactions Using Closed‐Form Wald Tests
Authors: Yu Zhaoxia , Demetriou Michael , Gillen Daniel L. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTDespite the successful discovery of hundreds of variants for complex human traits using genome‐wide association studies, the degree to which genes and environmental risk factors jointly affect disease risk is largely unknown. One obstacle toward this goal is that the computational effort required for testing gene‐gene and gene‐environment interactions is enormous. As a result, numerous computationally efficient tests were recently proposed. However, the validity of these methods often relies on unrealistic assumptions such as additive main effects, main effects at only one variable, no linkage disequilibrium between the two single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a pair or gene‐environment independence. Here, we derive closed‐form and consistent estimates for interaction parameters and propose to use Wald tests for testing interactions. The Wald tests are asymptotically equivalent to the likelihood ratio tests (LRTs), largely considered to be the gold standard tests but generally too computationally demanding for genome‐wide interaction analysis. Simulation studies show that the proposed Wald tests have very similar performances with the LRTs but are much more computationally efficient. Applying the proposed tests to a genome‐wide study of multiple sclerosis, we identify interactions within the major histocompatibility complex region. In this application, we find that (1) focusing on pairs where both SNPs are marginally significant leads to more significant interactions when compared to focusing on pairs where at least one SNP is marginally significant; and (2) parsimonious parameterization of interaction effects might decrease, rather than increase, statistical power.
Powerful Set‐Based Gene‐Environment Interaction Testing Framework for Complex Diseases
Authors: Jiao Shuo , Peters Ulrike , Berndt Sonja , Bézieau Stéphane , Brenner Hermann , Campbell Peter T. , Chan Andrew T. , Chang‐Claude Jenny , Lemire Mathieu , Newcomb Polly A. , Potter John D. , Slattery Martha L. , Woods Michael O. , Hsu Li 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTIdentification of gene‐environment interaction (G × E) is important in understanding the etiology of complex diseases. Based on our previously developed Set Based gene EnviRonment InterAction test (SBERIA), in this paper we propose a powerful framework for enhanced set‐based G × E testing (eSBERIA). The major challenge of signal aggregation within a set is how to tell signals from noise. eSBERIA tackles this challenge by adaptively aggregating the interaction signals within a set weighted by the strength of the marginal and correlation screening signals. eSBERIA then combines the screening‐informed aggregate test with a variance component test to account for the residual signals. Additionally, we develop a case‐only extension for eSBERIA (coSBERIA) and an existing set‐based method, which boosts the power not only by exploiting the G‐E independence assumption but also by avoiding the need to specify main effects for a large number of variants in the set. Through extensive simulation, we show that coSBERIA and eSBERIA are considerably more powerful than existing methods within the case‐only and the case‐control method categories across a wide range of scenarios. We conduct a genome‐wide G × E search by applying our methods to Illumina HumanExome Beadchip data of 10,446 colorectal cancer cases and 10,191 controls and identify two novel interactions between nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and MINK1 and PTCHD3.
Independent component analysis of functional networks for response inhibition: Inter‐subject variation in stop signal reaction time
Authors: Zhang Sheng , Tsai Shang‐Jui , Hu Sien , Xu Jiansong , Chao Herta H. , Calhoun Vince D. , Li Chiang‐Shan R. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractCognitive control is a critical executive function. Many studies have combined general linear modeling and the stop signal task (SST) to delineate the component processes of cognitive control. For instance, by contrasting stop success (SS) and stop error (SE) trials in the SST, investigators examined regional responses to stop signal inhibition. In contrast to this parameterized approach, independent component analysis (ICA) elucidates brain networks subserving cognitive control. In our earlier work of 59 adults performing the SST during fMRI, we characterized six independent components (ICs). However, none of these ICs correlated with stop signal performance, raising questions about their behavioral validity. Here, in a larger sample (n = 100), we identified and explored 23 ICs for correlation with the stop signal reaction time (SSRT), a measure of the efficiency of response inhibition. At a corrected threshold (P < 0.0005), a paracentral lobule‐midcingulate network and a left inferior parietal‐supplementary motor‐somatomotor network showed a positive correlation between SE beta weight and SSRT. In contrast, a midline cerebellum–thalamus–pallidum network showed a negative correlation between SE beta weight and SSRT. These findings suggest that motor preparation and execution prolongs the SSRT, likely via an interaction between the go and stop processes as suggested by the race model. Behaviorally, consistent with this hypothesis, the difference in G and SE reaction times is positively correlated with SSRT across subjects. These new results highlight the importance of cognitive motor regions in response inhibition and support the utility of ICA in uncovering functional networks for cognitive control in the SST. Hum Brain Mapp 36:3289–3302, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Measuring embeddedness: Hierarchical scale‐dependent information exchange efficiency of the human brain connectome
Authors: Ye Allen Q. , Zhan Liang , Conrin Sean , GadElKarim Johnson , Zhang Aifeng , Yang Shaolin , Feusner Jamie D. , Kumar Anand , Ajilore Olusola , Leow Alex 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis article presents a novel approach for understanding information exchange efficiency and its decay across hierarchies of modularity, from local to global, of the structural human brain connectome. Magnetic resonance imaging techniques have allowed us to study the human brain connectivity as a graph, which can then be analyzed using a graph‐theoretical approach. Collectively termed brain connectomics, these sophisticated mathematical techniques have revealed that the brain connectome, like many networks, is highly modular and brain regions can thus be organized into communities or modules. Here, using tractography‐informed structural connectomes from 46 normal healthy human subjects, we constructed the hierarchical modularity of the structural connectome using bifurcating dendrograms. Moving from fine to coarse (i.e., local to global) up the connectome's hierarchy, we computed the rate of decay of a new metric that hierarchically preferentially weighs the information exchange between two nodes in the same module. By computing “embeddedness”‐the ratio between nodal efficiency and this decay rate, one could thus probe the relative scale‐invariant information exchange efficiency of the human brain. Results suggest that regions that exhibit high embeddedness are those that comprise the limbic system, the default mode network, and the subcortical nuclei. This supports the presence of near‐decomposability overall yet relative embeddedness in select areas of the brain. The areas we identified as highly embedded are varied in function but are arguably linked in the evolutionary role they play in memory, emotion and behavior. Hum Brain Mapp 36:3653–3665, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impaired planning in Parkinson's disease is reflected by reduced brain activation and connectivity
Authors: Trujillo James P. , Gerrits Niels J.H.M. , Vriend Chris , Berendse Henk W. , van den Heuvel Odile A. , van der Werf Ysbrand D. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObjectiveParkinson's disease (PD) often entails impairments of executive functions, such as planning. Although widely held that these impairments arise from dopaminergic denervation of the striatum, not all executive functions are affected early on, and the underlying neural dynamics are not fully understood. In a combined longitudinal and cross‐sectional study, we investigated how planning deficits progress over time in the early stages of PD compared to matched healthy controls. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to identify accompanying neural dynamics.MethodsSeventeen PD patients and 20 healthy controls performed a parametric Tower of London task at two time points separated by ∼3 years (baseline and follow‐up). We assessed task performance longitudinally in both groups; at follow‐up, a subset of participants (14 patients, 19 controls) performed a parallel version of the task during fMRI. We performed meta‐analyses to localize regions‐of‐interest (ROIs), that is, the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), inferior parietal cortex, and caudate nucleus, and performed group‐by‐task analyses and within‐group regression analyses of planning‐related neural activation. We studied task‐related functional connectivity of seeds in the DLPFC and caudate nucleus.ResultsPD patients, compared with controls, showed impaired task performance at both time‐points, while both groups showed similar performance reductions from baseline to follow‐up. Compared to controls, patients showed lower planning‐related brain activation together with decreased functional connectivity.ConclusionThese findings support the notion that planning is affected early in the PD disease course, and that this impairment in planning is accompanied by decreases in both task‐related brain activity and connectivity. Hum Brain Mapp 36:3703–3715, 2015. © 2015 The Authors Human Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Organotin(IV) Carboxylates of Substitutedα‐Cinnamic Acid, RnSn(OCOC(R2)=CHR1)4 –n: Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization and Biological Evaluation
Authors: Sadiq‐ur‐Rehman   , Khan Bilal Ahmad , Chaudhary Muhammad Aziz , Yasin Khawaja Ansar , Ali Saqib 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTDi‐ and triorganotin(IV) carboxylates, RnSn(OCOC(R2)=CHR1)4–n(n= 2 and 3; R = Me, Et,n‐Bu, Ph; R1= 3‐CH3O‐4‐OHC6H3, R2= C6H5) were prepared by reacting the corresponding organotin(IV) chloride with the silver salt of the (E)‐3‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphenyl)‐2‐phenylpropenoic acid. The title compounds were investigated and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared (FT‐IR), multinuclear (1H,13C,119Sn) NMR, and mass spectrometry, and possible structures were proposed. The complexes and ligand acid (HL) have been evaluated in vitro against various bacteria and fungi. The results noticed during the biocidal activity screenings proved their in vitro biological potential. They were also tested for cytotoxicity.
Modelling Nonlinearities and Reference Dependence in General Practitioners' Income Preferences
Authors: Holte Jon Helgheim , Sivey Peter , Abelsen Birgit , Olsen Jan Abel 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis paper tests for the existence of nonlinearity and reference dependence in income preferences for general practitioners. Confirming the theory of reference dependent utility within the context of a discrete choice experiment, we find that losses loom larger than gains in income for Norwegian general practitioners, i.e. they value losses from their current income level around three times higher than the equivalent gains. Our results are validated by comparison with equivalent contingent valuation values for marginal willingness to pay and marginal willingness to accept compensation for changes in job characteristics. Physicians' income preferences determine the effectiveness of ‘pay for performance’ and other incentive schemes. Our results may explain the relative ineffectiveness of financial incentive schemes that rely on increasing physicians' incomes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long‐term in vitro hydrolytic stability of thermoplastic polyurethanes
Authors: Mishra Abhinay , Seethamraju Kasyap , Delaney Joseph , Willoughby Patrick , Faust Rudolf 
Published: June 2015

AbstractLong‐term in vitro stability of thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) was studied for up to 52 weeks in phosphate buffer solution at 37, 55, and 80°C. Water uptake, molecular weights, and tensile properties were measured at regular intervals of 4, 8, 16, 32, and 52 weeks. The rate of molecular weight reduction increased with increasing temperature, and after 52 weeks at 80°C, all commercial polycarbonate (Bionate‐55D, Quadrathane‐80A, and Chronoflex‐80A), poly(dimethylsiloxane) (ElastEon‐2A) and polyether (Elasthane‐55D) TPUs showed significant (43–51%) molecular weight (Mn) reduction. The polyisobutylene (PIB)‐based TPU exhibited a significantly lower decrease in Mn (26%) after 52 weeks at 80°C. For Bionate‐55D and ElastEon‐2A, at 80°C in dry nitrogen atmosphere substantial thermal degradation was observed, while for the other TPUs the effect of thermal degradation is small. The temperature dependent reduction of molecular weight was interpreted by simple second order kinetics. From the approximately linear Arrhenius plots the activation energies were calculated, which were highest for PIB‐PU‐020 and lowest for ElastEon‐2A. For Elasthane‐55D the in vitro molecular weight reduction was compared with that of explanted leads. The molecular weight reduction in vivo was much smaller than that predicted from in vitro data, which may suggest that the in vitro model does not adequately describe the hydrolysis in vivo. In the absence of validation for the other TPUs that in vitro methods closely reproduce in vivo degradation, it is unknown how these results correlate with in vivo performance. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 3798–3806, 2015.
Three‐dimensional printed PCL‐hydroxyapatite scaffolds filled with CNTs for bone cell growth stimulation
Authors: Gonçalves Elsa M. , Oliveira Filipe J. , Silva Rui F. , Neto Miguel A. , Fernandes M. Helena , Amaral Margarida , Vallet‐Regí María , Vila Mercedes 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA three‐phase [nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (HA), carbon nanotubes (CNT), mixed in a polymeric matrix of polycaprolactone (PCL)] composite scaffold produced by 3D printing is presented. The CNT content varied between 0 and 10 wt % in a 50 wt % PCL matrix, with HA being the balance. With the combination of three well‐known materials, these scaffolds aimed at bringing together the properties of all into a unique material to be used in tissue engineering as support for cell growth. The 3D printing technique allows producing composite scaffolds having an interconnected network of square pores in the range of 450–700 μm. The 2 wt % CNT scaffold offers the best combination of mechanical behaviour and electrical conductivity. Its compressive strength of ∼4 MPa is compatible with the trabecular bone. The composites show typical hydroxyapatite bioactivity, good cell adhesion and spreading at the scaffolds surface, this combination of properties indicating that the produced 3D, three‐phase, scaffolds are promising materials in the field of bone regenerative medicine. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 1210–1219, 2016.
Enzyme‐ and transporter‐mediated beverage–drug interactions: An update on fruit juices and green tea
Authors: An Guohua , Mukker Jatinder Kaur , Derendorf Hartmut , Frye Reginald F. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBeverage–drug interactions have remained an active area of research and have been the subject of extensive investigations in the past 2 decades. The known mechanisms of clinically relevant beverage–drug interactions include modulation of the activity of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A and organic anion‐transporting polypeptide (OATP). For CYP3A‐mediated beverage–drug interaction, the in vivo CYP3A inhibitory effect is limited to grapefruit juice (GFJ), which increases the bioavailability of several orally administered drugs that undergo extensive first‐pass metabolism via enteric CYP3A. In contrast, clinically significant OATP‐mediated beverage–drug interactions have been observed with not only GFJ but also orange juice, apple juice, and, most recently, green tea. Fruit juices and green tea are all a mixture of a large number of constituents. The investigation of specific constituent(s) responsible for the enzyme and/or transporter inhibition remains an active area of research, and many new findings have been obtained on this subject in the past several years. This review highlights the multiple mechanisms through which beverages can alter drug disposition and provides an update on the new findings of beverage–drug interactions, with a focus on fruit juices and green tea.
Food effects on abiraterone pharmacokinetics in healthy subjects and patients with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Chi Kim N. , Spratlin Jennifer , Kollmannsberger Christian , North Scott , Pankras Catherine , Gonzalez Martha , Bernard Apexa , Stieltjes Hans , Peng Lixian , Jiao James , Acharya Milin , Kheoh Thian , Griffin Thomas W. , Yu Margaret K. , Chien Caly , Tran Nam Phuong 
Published: June 2015

AbstractFood effect on abiraterone pharmacokinetics and safety on abiraterone acetate coadministration with low‐fat or high‐fat meals was examined in healthy subjects and metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients. Healthy subjects (n = 36) were randomized to abiraterone acetate (single dose, 1000 mg) + low‐fat meal, + high‐fat meal, and fasted state. mCRPC patients received repeated doses (abiraterone acetate 1000 mg + 5 mg prednisone twice daily; days 1–7) in a modified fasting state followed by abiraterone acetate plus prednisone within 0.5 hours post–low‐fat (n = 6) or high‐fat meal (n = 18; days 8–14). In healthy subjects, geometric mean (GM) abiraterone area under plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) increased ∼5‐ and ∼10‐fold, respectively, with low‐fat and high‐fat meals versus fasted state (GM [coefficient of variation], 1942 [48] and 4077 [37] ng · h/mL vs 421 [67] ng · h/mL, respectively). In mCRPC patients, abiraterone AUC was ∼2‐fold higher with a high‐fat meal and similar with a low‐fat meal versus modified fasting state (GM [coefficient of variation]: 1992 [34] vs 973 [58] ng · h/mL and 1264 [65] vs 1185 [90] ng · h/mL, respectively). Adverse events (all grade ≤ 3) were similar, with high‐fat/low‐fat meals or fasted/modified fasting state. Short‐term dosing with food did not alter abiraterone acetate safety.