bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Efficiency of Informality: Quantifying Greenhouse Gas Reductions from Informal Recycling in Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Vergara Sintana E. , Damgaard Anders , Gomez Daniel 
Published: March 2015

SummaryThe dual challenges of increasing urbanization and consumption are centered in cities in the Global South, where growing waste production threatens public and environmental health. Reuse and recycling are widely recognized to provide broad environmental benefits. Although most industrialized cities replaced their informal recycling sectors with municipally run recycling schemes and have had to build their recycling rates anew, most industrializing cities in the Global South remain centers of recycling and reuse through the work of informal workers. Bogotá, Colombia, is emblematic of many cities in the Global South seeking to modernize their city, in part by formalizing their recycling system. This article asks: What are the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission implications of this modernization? Using interviews and observation in combination with life cycle assessment, we compare GHG emissions resulting from the baseline case (1,200 tonnes per day [t/d] recycled through informal channels; 5,700 t/d landfilled) to three alternative scenarios that formalize the recycling sector: the prohibition of informal recycling; a reduction in informal recycling coupled with a scale‐up of formalized recycling; and the replacement of informal recycling with formal recycling. We find that the baseline recycling scenario, dependent on the informal sector only, emits far fewer GHGs than do all formalization scenarios. Three processes drive the results, in order of magnitude: informal textile reuse (largest GHG savings); landfilling (largest emitter of GHGs); and metal recycling (GHG savings). A hybrid model could combine the incentives and efficiency of the informal system with the better working conditions of the municipal one.
Development of genome‐wide insertion/deletion markers in rice based on graphic pipeline platform
Authors: Lü Yang , Cui Xiao , Li Rui , Huang Piaopiao , Zong Jie , Yao Danqing , Li Gang , Zhang Dabing , Yuan Zheng 
Published: March 2015

AbstractDNA markers play important roles in plant breeding and genetics. The Insertion/Deletion (InDel) marker is one kind of co‐dominant DNA markers widely used due to its low cost and high precision. However, the canonical way of searching for InDel markers is time‐consuming and labor‐intensive. We developed an end‐to‐end computational solution (InDel Markers Development Platform, IMDP) to identify genome‐wide InDel markers under a graphic pipeline environment. IMDP constitutes assembled genome sequences alignment pipeline (AGA‐pipe) and next‐generation re‐sequencing data mapping pipeline (NGS‐pipe). With AGA‐pipe we are able to identify 12,944 markers between the genome of rice cultivars Nipponbare and 93‐11. Using NGS‐pipe, we reported 34,794 InDels from re‐sequencing data of rice cultivars Wu‐Yun‐Geng7 and Guang‐Lu‐Ai4. Combining AGA‐pipe and NGS‐pipe, we developed 205,659 InDels in eight japonica and nine indica cultivars and 2,681 InDels showed a subgroup‐specific pattern. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of subgroup‐specific markers indicated that the precision reached 90% (86 of 95). Finally, to make them available to the public, we have integrated the InDels/markers information into a website (Rice InDel Marker Database, RIMD, http://202.120.45.71/). The application of IMDP in rice will facilitate efficiency for development of genome‐wide InDel markers, in addition it can be used in other species with reference genome sequences and NGS data.
Methods of Genomic Competency Integration in Practice
Authors: Jenkins Jean , Calzone Kathleen A. , Caskey Sarah , Culp Stacey , Weiner Marsha , Badzek Laurie 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPurposeGenomics is increasingly relevant to health care, necessitating support for nurses to incorporate genomic competencies into practice. The primary aim of this project was to develop, implement, and evaluate a year‐long genomic education intervention that trained, supported, and supervised institutional administrator and educator champion dyads to increase nursing capacity to integrate genomics through assessments of program satisfaction and institutional achieved outcomes.DesignLongitudinal study of 23 Magnet Recognition Program® Hospitals (21 intervention, 2 controls) participating in a 1‐year new competency integration effort aimed at increasing genomic nursing competency and overcoming barriers to genomics integration in practice.MethodsChampion dyads underwent genomic training consisting of one in‐person kick‐off training meeting followed by monthly education webinars. Champion dyads designed institution‐specific action plans detailing objectives, methods or strategies used to engage and educate nursing staff, timeline for implementation, and outcomes achieved. Action plans focused on a minimum of seven genomic priority areas: champion dyad personal development; practice assessment; policy content assessment; staff knowledge needs assessment; staff development; plans for integration; and anticipated obstacles and challenges. Action plans were updated quarterly, outlining progress made as well as inclusion of new methods or strategies. Progress was validated through virtual site visits with the champion dyads and chief nursing officers. Descriptive data were collected on all strategies or methods utilized, and timeline for achievement. Descriptive data were analyzed using content analysis.FindingsThe complexity of the competency content and the uniqueness of social systems and infrastructure resulted in a significant variation of champion dyad interventions.ConclusionsNursing champions can facilitate change in genomic nursing capacity through varied strategies but require substantial training in order to design and implement interventions.Clinical RelevanceGenomics is critical to the practice of all nurses. There is a great opportunity and interest to address genomic knowledge deficits in the practicing nurse workforce as a strategy to improve patient outcomes. Exemplars of champion dyad interventions designed to increase nursing capacity focus on improving education, policy, and healthcare services.
Intralesional botulinum toxin type A equally effective and better tolerated than intralesional steroid in the treatment of keloids: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Shaarawy Eman , Hegazy Rehab A. , Abdel Hay Rania M. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryIntralesional (IL) corticosteroid therapy is a treatment for keloids. IL botulinum toxin type A (BTA) has been postulated in such an indication with controversial reports. To compare efficacy and safety of IL BTA to the IL corticosteroid therapy in treatment of keloids. Twenty‐four patients with keloids were randomly divided into two equal groups: receiving IL steroid repeated every 4 weeks for six sessions (group A) and IL BTA 5 IU/cm3 repeated every 8 weeks for three sessions (group B). Objective parameters (hardness, elevation, and redness), subjective complaints (itching, pain, and tenderness), patient satisfaction, and side effects were evaluated. There was a significant decrease in the volume of the lesions after treatment (P < 0.01), with a volume reduction of 82.7% and 79.2%, respectively, in both groups. A significant softening of lesions vs. baseline was observed (P < 0.01), with statistically significant improvement in softening in group A (P < 0.01). There was a significant decrease in height of lesions and in redness score compared with baseline (P < 0.01) with no significant difference in between both groups. All patients mentioned a significant reduction of their subjective complaints (P < 0.01) that were more significant in group B. Skin atrophy and telangiectasia were evident in three patients of group A. The efficacy and safety of the IL BTA were clearly evident in the current work from the rapid significant amelioration of the subjective complaints and the comparable significant improvement of the objective parameters as well as the volume of the keloids in comparison with the IL corticosteroids.
Meta‐analysis of the correlation between IL‐6 –174 G/C polymorphism and polycystic ovarian syndrome
Authors: Wang Qiongyao , Tong Xiaowen , Ji Yazhong , Li Huaifang , Lu Wei , Song Zhijiao 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAimThe correlation between interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) gene polymorphism and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has been reported, but the conclusions are controversial. The present study was aimed to evaluate the association between IL‐6 −174 G/C polymorphism and susceptibility of PCOS by meta‐analysis.Material and MethodsA systematic search on Medline, Embase, CNKI, Wanfang Data and VIP databases containing Chinese and English studies was conducted electronically using specific eligibility criteria. Meta‐analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.2 software after Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium test. Effect sizes of odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated and combined appropriately. To verify the reliability of the results, subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were performed.ResultsFour selected studies containing 351 cases and 464 control participants were included. The pooled odds ratio between IL‐6 −174 G/C polymorphism and susceptibility of PCOS under allele (C/G), dominant (CC+GC/GG) and recessive (CC/GG+GC) models were 0.63 (95%CI, 0.41–0.96), 0.53 (95%CI, 0.26–1.08) and 0.67 (95%CI, 0.39–1.16), respectively. The result under allele model was unstable in sensitivity analysis. Subgroup analysis showed that the correlation between IL‐6 –174 G/C polymorphism and susceptibility of PCOS was not statistically significant in the studies that conformed to the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium.ConclusionIL‐6 –174 G/C polymorphism may be not related to susceptibility of PCOS. Nevertheless, further studies with large samples and studies considering other single‐nucleotide polymorphisms of the IL‐6 gene are needed to confirm our findings.
Managing Weather Risks: The Case of J. League Soccer Teams in Japan
Authors: Ito Haruyoshi , Ai Jing , Ozawa Akihiko 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWeather‐related risks present significant concerns for businesses worldwide. This article studies the impact weather conditions have on the financial performance of sports teams and proposes a hedging mechanism to manage the exposure. We analyze a unique game attendance data set supplied by the Japanese premier soccer association, J. League. Our analysis shows that precipitation has a significantly adverse impact on game attendance and team profits. We then design a hedging mechanism for this risk exposure and examine its contribution to the corporate value of the teams. In particular, we use the Wang transform model to incorporate the decision makers' risk preferences in the evaluation of the weather derivatives, where the risk aversion parameters are obtained from a survey of J. League managers. We find that the proposed weather derivatives contribute significantly to team value. Our analysis and results provide insights for weather risk management for sports teams in the international markets.
Effect of Inoculum Density on Verticillium Wilt Incidence in Commercial Olive Orchards
Authors: Roca Luis Fernando , Moral Juan , Trapero Carlos , Blanco‐López Miguel Ángel , López‐Escudero Francisco J. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractVerticillium wilt, caused by Verticillium dahliae Kleb., is presently the most destructive disease of olive, particularly in Andalucía (southern Spain). ‘Picual’ and ‘Arbequina’ are the dominant cultivars being planted in Spain. Both cultivars are highly susceptible to the defoliating pathotype of V. dahliae when artificially inoculated by root‐dipping or stem injection. Conversely, ‘Arbequina’ is considered more resistant than ‘Picual’ based on field observations and farmer's experience. In this study, the differential reaction between of cultivars was confirmed by surveys of naturally infested orchards with different inoculum densities of the pathogen. The average percentage of affected olive trees of ‘Picual’ was 60.2%, while only 13.1% of trees of ‘Arbequina’ showed disease symptoms. Overall, the pathogen caused extensive wilting of branches and defoliation on the trees of ‘Picual’, whereas ‘Arbequina’‐infected trees showed chlorotic symptoms and slight defoliation. The relationship between inoculum density and disease incidence fit a logarithmic function for both cultivars. The percentage of affected trees of ‘Arbequina’ per year increased linearly (y = 0.3559x, R2 = 0.5652, and P = 0.0195) with the inoculum density in the soil, whereas this relationship was not observed for the ‘Picual’. Planting density had no effect on disease incidence for any of the two cultivars.
Polysaccharide fraction isolated from P
assiflora edulis inhibits the inflammatory response and the oxidative stress in mice
Authors: Silva Renan O , Damasceno Samara R B , Brito Tarcísio V , Dias Jordana M , Fontenele Amanda M , Braúna Isabela S , Júnior José S C , Maciel Jeanny S , de Paula Regina C M , Ribeiro Ronaldo A , Souza Marcellus H L P , Freitas Ana L P , Medeiros Jand-Venes R , Silva Draulio C , Barbosa André L R 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of the study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antinociceptive actions of PFPe, a polysaccharide fraction isolated from the dried fruit of the Passiflora edulis.

Methods
Animals were pretreated with PFPe (0.3, 1 or 3 mg/kg, i.p.) 1 h before induction of paw oedema by carrageenan, histamine, serotonin, compound 48/80 or prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Neutrophil migration and vascular permeability were measured after carrageenan injection into the peritoneum, and the action of the PFPe on the tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), myeloperoxidase (MPO), glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels was also evaluated. To assay nociception, we examined acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin-induced paw licking and response latency in the hot plate test.

Key findings
Pretreatment with PFPe significantly inhibited carrageenan-induced paw oedema. PFPe also reduced paw oedema induced by compound 48/80, histamine, serotonin, and PGE2 and compound 48/80-induced vascular permeability. In addition, PFPe significantly reduced the MPO activity, MDA and GSH concentrations, and IL-1β level. In the nociception tests, PFPe reduced acetic acid-induced writhing and formalin-induced paw licking and did not increase the response latency time.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that PFPe administration reduces the inflammatory response by modulation of the liberation or synthesis of histamine and serotonin, by reduction of neutrophil migration, IL-1β levels, and oxidative stress and nociception.
Effects of bergamot essential oil and its extractive fractions on SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell growth
Authors: Navarra Michele , Ferlazzo Nadia , Cirmi Santa , Trapasso Elena , Bramanti Placido , Lombardo Giovanni Enrico , Minciullo Paola Lucia , Calapai Gioacchino , Gangemi Sebastiano 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

Objectives
The goals were to investigate the mechanisms underlying the antiproliferative effects of bergamot essential oil (BEO) and to identify the compounds mainly responsible for its SH-SY5Y cells growth rate inhibition.

Methods
Five BEO extractive fractions (BEOs) differing in their chemical composition were used. Cell proliferation was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and cell count assays. Trypan blue exclusion test and Annexin V/PI staining were performed to assess their cytotoxic activity. Genotoxicity was detected by comet assay. The cell cycle was checked cytofluorimetrically. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Δψm were measured fluorimetrically. Western blotting analyses for some apoptosis-related proteins were carried out.

Key findings
Treatment of SH-SY5Y cells with some types of BEOs decreased cell growth rate by a mechanism correlated to both apoptotic and necrotic cell death. Coloured BEOs act by increasing ROS generation, responsible for the drop in Δψm, and modulate p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK ½) mitogen-activated protein kinases, p53, Bcl-2 and Bax signalling pathways. Finally, we identify bergamottin and 5-geranyloxy-7-methoxycoumarin as the bioactive molecules that could play a pivotal role in the antiproliferative effects exerted by coloured BEOs.

Conclusions
Our study provides novel insights into the field of the antiproliferative effects of BEO, which could be exploited in the context of a multitarget pharmacological strategy.
The Rural Obstetric Workforce in US Hospitals: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Kozhimannil Katy B. , Casey Michelle M. , Hung Peiyin , Han Xinxin , Prasad Shailendra , Moscovice Ira S. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to describe the types and combinations of clinicians who are delivering babies in rural hospitals, their employment status, the relationship between hospital birth volume and staffing models, and the staffing challenges faced by rural hospitals.MethodsWe conducted a telephone survey of 306 rural hospitals in 9 states: Colorado, Iowa, Kentucky, New York, North Carolina, Oregon, Vermont, Washington, and Wisconsin, from November 2013 to March 2014 to assess their obstetric workforce. Bivariate associations between hospitals’ annual birth volume and obstetric workforce characteristics were examined, as well as qualitative analysis of workforce changes and staffing challenges.FindingsHospitals with lower birth volume (<240 births per year) are more likely to have family physicians and general surgeons attending deliveries, while those with a higher birth volume more frequently have obstetricians and midwives attending deliveries. Reported staffing challenges include scheduling, training, census fluctuation, recruitment and retention, and intrahospital relationships.ConclusionsIndividual hospitals working in isolation may struggle to address staffing challenges. Federal and state policy makers, regional collaboratives, and health care delivery systems can facilitate solutions through programs such as telehealth, simulation training, and interprofessional education.
Understanding the key mechanisms that govern climber/hemiepiphyte responses to a hurricane
Authors: Schnitzler Annik , Arnold Claire , Walter Jean‐Michel 
Published: March 2015

AbstractQuestionIn dense tropical forests, climbers and hemiepiphytes depend on the quantity and quality of direct light more than other plant life forms. What are their responses with respect to quantitative changes of canopy structure and light regime after a hurricane? Here, we study their contribution to closure of the canopy and changes in light regime, with the help of hemispherical photography. Their change in space and time may serve as an illustration and measure of key processes after repetitive large disturbances.LocationMartinique, the Plateau Concorde, in an evergreen montane forest.MethodsAfter Hurricane Dean, a diachronic study (2008–2012) was carried out. Four parallel surface areas 50 × 10 m were set up. Canopy structure and light conditions were assessed with hemispherical photographs, using a polar projection fisheye lens. All standing trees >5 cm DBH, and all climbers and hemiepiphytes were mapped and identified to species. Correspondence analysis (CA) using selected life traits illustrated the distribution of climbers present on trees per category (a total of four). The number of individuals and species which have disappeared or appeared per category was calculated.ResultsFrom 2009 to 2012, the total number of climbers and hemiepiphytes decreased from 248 to 225, but in different proportions according to strata. Climbers were classified into categories in function of the range of responses (i.e. resistance and responsiveness).ConclusionOur study demonstrates the potential to detect climber/hemiepiphyte strategies after a large disturbance using hemispherical photography and plant traits.
Extended survival of patients with persistently suppressed hepatitis B transplanted for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Viganò Mauro , Bhoori Sherrie , Lampertico Pietro , Donato Maria Francesca , Iavarone Massimo , Grossi Glenda , Facciorusso Antonio , Caccamo Lucio , Rossi Giorgio , Colombo Massimo , Mazzaferro Vincenzo 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackground & AimsHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has become a major cause of liver‐related death and indication to liver transplantation (LT) in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection following the widespread adoption of antiviral therapy with nucleos(t)ide analogs (NUCs). Yet, the long‐term outcome of patients undergoing liver transplantation for an HCC developed during effective NUC treatment is unknown.MethodsWe evaluated 101 patients with persistently compensated cirrhosis who were consecutively transplanted for HCC in two centers in Milan. At LT, 91 (90%) patients had undetectable serum HBV DNA (<12 IU/ml) and 90 (89%) were within Milan criteria (MC). All patients received post‐transplant HBV prophylaxis with specific immunoglobulins (HBIgs) and NUCs. End‐points were long‐term patient survival and recurrence of HCC and HBV.ResultsDuring 106 (range 3–165) months following LT, HCC recurred in 11 (11%) patients (nine beyond MC at explant, two with HBV recurrence). Age (HR 1.1, 95%CI 1.0–1.2, P = 0.04) and exceeding MC (HR 9.6, 95%CI 2.9–32, P < 0.0001) were the only independent pretransplant predictors of tumour recurrence. The 10‐year cumulative rate of HCC recurrence was 7% among patients transplanted within MC compared with 45% among those beyond MC at LT (P = 0.004). Overall, 18 patients (18%, nine HCC, nine non liver‐related events) died with a 10‐year cumulative probability of overall and liver‐related survival of 79% and 89% respectively.ConclusionsExtended survival of HBV cirrhotics transplanted for HCC can be achieved by coupling MC at listing with persistent pharmacological suppression of HBV.
SNP genotyping and population genomics from expressed sequences – current advances and future possibilities
Authors: De Wit Pierre , Pespeni Melissa H. , Palumbi Stephen R. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWith the rapid increase in production of genetic data from new sequencing technologies, a myriad of new ways to study genomic patterns in nonmodel organisms are currently possible. Because genome assembly still remains a complicated procedure, and because the functional role of much of the genome is unclear, focusing on SNP genotyping from expressed sequences provides a cost‐effective way to reduce complexity while still retaining functionally relevant information. This review summarizes current methods, identifies ways that using expressed sequence data benefits population genomic inference and explores how current practitioners evaluate and overcome challenges that are commonly encountered. We focus particularly on the additional power of functional analysis provided by expressed sequence data and how these analyses push beyond allele pattern data available from nonfunction genomic approaches. The massive data sets generated by these approaches create opportunities and problems as well – especially false positives. We discuss methods available to validate results from expressed SNP genotyping assays, new approaches that sidestep use of mRNA and review follow‐up experiments that can focus on evolutionary mechanisms acting across the genome.