bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Publicizing Performance
Authors: Strobl Günter , Van Wesep Edward D. 
Published: September 2012

In most employment relationships, the employee's performance at the firm is privately, not publicly, observed. Firms can reward successful employees by publicizing their abilities, for example, via a job title, a glowing letter of recommendation, or a resume-worthy award. Firms that establish reputations for hiring young workers and promoting those who succeed lose good workers to competitors but can pay less to young, inexperienced workers in exchange. We find in a general equilibrium setting that firms with reputations for publicizing performance are able to pay less to employees at every level of tenure and thus earn economic profit, but that these firms will never be the most productive in the economy. For such equilibria to exist, the worker–firm match must be important, suggesting that this practice takes place only in human-capital-intensive industries. This paper was accepted by Wei Xiong, finance.
Characterizing Antibody Cross-reactivity for Immunoaffinity Purification of Analytes prior to Multiplexed Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Laha Thomas J , Strathmann Frederick G , Wang Zhican , de Boer Ian H , Thummel Kenneth E , Hoofnagle Andrew N 
Published: September 2012

BACKGROUND
Immunoassays for 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1α,25(OH)2D] lack analytical specificity. We characterized the cross-reactivity of an anti-1α,25(OH)2D antibody with purified vitamin D metabolites and used these data to map the chemical features of 1α,25(OH)2D that are important for antibody binding. Additionally, we hypothesized that when combined with isotope-dilution liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), antibody cross-reactivity could be used to semiselectively enrich for structurally similar metabolites of vitamin D in a multiplexed assay.

METHODS
Sample preparation consisted of immunoaffinity enrichment with a solid-phase anti-1α,25(OH)2D antibody and derivatization. Analytes were quantified with LC-MS/MS. Supplementation and recovery studies were performed for 11 vitamin D metabolites. We developed a method for simultaneously quantifying 25(OH)D2, 25(OH)D3, 24,25(OH)2D3, 1α,25(OH)2D2, and 1α,25(OH)2D3 that included deuterated internal standards for each analyte.

RESULTS
The important chemical features of vitamin D metabolites for binding to the antibody were (a) native orientation of the hydroxyl group on carbon C3 in the A ring, (b) the lack of substitution at carbon C4 in the A ring, and (c) the overall polarity of the vitamin D metabolite. The multiplexed method had lower limits of quantification (20% CV) of 0.2 ng/mL, 1.0 ng/mL, 0.06 ng/mL, 3.4 pg/mL, and 2.8 pg/mL for 25(OH)D2, 25(OH)D3, 24,25(OH)2D3, 1α,25(OH)2D2, and 1α,25(OH)2D3, respectively. Method comparisons to 3 other LC-MS/MS methods yielded an r2 value &gt;0.9, an intercept less than the lower limit of quantification, and a slope statistically indistinguishable from 1.0.

CONCLUSIONS
LC-MS/MS can be used to characterize antibody cross-reactivity, a conclusion supported by our multiplexed assay for 5 vitamin D metabolites with immunoenrichment in a targeted metabolomic assay.
Endonasal endoscopic versus transoral microscopic odontoid resection
Authors: Komotar Ricardo J. , Starke Robert M. , Raper Daniel M.S. , Anand Vijay K. , Schwartz Theodore H. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract

Objectives: Surgical approaches for odontoid resection have traditionally utilized a transoral microscopic technique, which may carry significant morbidity. Endonasal endoscopic odontoid resection represents a new technique that provides direct, minimal access to the odontoid process. We conducted a systematic review of case series and case reports to assess the role of endoscopy in the management of ventral cervicomedullary compression.

Methods: MEDLINE (1950–2010) database search to identify relevant studies. Clinical outcomes were classified into “improved”, “stable”, or “deteriorated” groups. Statistical analyses of categorical variables were carried out by using χ2 and Fisher’s exact tests.

Results: The endonasal cohort had a significantly lower rate of soft palate incision (0.0% vs. 33.6%; P=0.005). In the endonasal cohort, there were no cases of postoperative soft palate repair, atlanto-occipital instability, cerebrospinal fluid leak, or meningitis. Patients in the endonasal group had a shorter time to extubation (P<0.0001) and oral feeding (P=0.0025). There was a significantly higher percentage of patients with improved outcome in the endonasal cohort (100% vs. 73.3%; P=0.009).

Conclusions: Our systematic review supports the endonasal endoscopic approach as a safe and effective alternative to traditional transoral surgery for odontoid lesions. Careful patient selection is critical to obtaining satisfactory removal and low postoperative complications.
ELF and translation and interpreting: common ground, common interest, common cause
Authors: Cook, Guy 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The study of ELF and of translation have been conducted with little reference to each other, yet they have a great deal of common ground, and would benefit from greater recognition of their common interests. Both are concerned with crosslinguistic communication in the unprecedented linguistic landscape of the 21st century. Both are central to the understanding and amelioration of contemporary problems. Both can be regarded as branches of applied linguistics. In addition, translation into English is increasingly both by and for non-native speakers. Having surveyed these similarities, the article explores how concepts and theories from translation studies are relevant to the study of ELF: notably the notions of nativisation and foreignisation, and polysystems theory, which conceives of change beginning in the interaction of systems and at their peripheries. In conclusion, the article discusses the range of crucial contemporary issues to which both ELF and translation are relevant and central, but points out some imbalances and omissions on both sides. It is suggested that given their importance in international and intranational issues of all kinds, and their relevance to other social sciences, the two fields of enquiry, expanded in range and working together, could be central rather than peripheral to applied linguistics.
Frequencies of vague expressions in English as an academic lingua franca
Authors: Metsä-Ketelä, Maria 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
This article explores the use of vague expressions in English spoken as a lingua franca in academic settings. The main focus is on the frequencies of general extenders (e.g. and so on), vague classifiers (e.g. some sort of), metadiscourse particles (e.g. so to say), and indefinite prepositional phrases (e.g. in a way). The aim of the study is to investigate how non-native speakers using English as a lingua franca employ and modify their repertoire of lexical vagueness in accordance with the speech event type and academic domain. Furthermore, the study also presents comparisons between the frequencies of vague expressions in lingua franca and native speaker data. The main sample is drawn from the English as a Lingua Franca in Academic Settings (ELFA) corpus and the findings are contrasted with a comparable data from the Michigan Corpus of Academic Spoken English (MICASE). The findings show that, on the whole, lingua franca speakers employ vague expressions almost twice as frequently as native speakers, although the range of different expressions was found to be narrower in the lingua franca data. Vague expressions were most commonly found in dialogic speech events such as doctoral defense and seminar discussions. As regards academic domains, vague expressions were most often used in technology, while in humanities and social sciences their frequencies were lower.
Revised Middle and Late Triassic radiolarian ages for ophiolite mélanges: implications for the geodynamic evolution of the northern part of the early Mesozoic Neotethyan subbasins
Authors: Ozsvárt Péter , Kovács Sándor 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe study is based on the radiolarian assemblages of five radiolarite outcrops and two boreholes from the Darnó and Szarvaskő Complex, Hungary, and three radiolarite sections from the western Vardar Ophiolitic Unit in Serbia. These investigated sections belong to a Mesozoic volcano-sedimentary mélange belt that can be followed from the Hellenides, through the Dinarides to the western Carpathians. Samples from radiolarite localities in the Darnó and Szarvaskő Complex contain a mixture of Middle Triassic (Illyrian to Longobardian) and Upper Triassic (Carnian) fairly poorly preserved radiolarian assemblages. Radiolarite samples from the western Vardar Ophiolitic Unit (Gostilje, Krš Gradac and Bukovi) yielded poorly preserved Upper Triassic (Carnian-?Norian) radiolarians. Co-occurrences of Middle and Upper Triassic radiolarian specimens in Darnó and Szarvaskő Complex suggest resedimentation during the Carnian or later. One new radiolarian species (Baumgartneria szarvaskoensis n. sp.) is described herein from the Darnó and Szarvaskő Complex.
Radiolarian biostratigraphic constraints for latest Jurassic-earliest Cretaceous submarine volcanic activity in the Tethyan oceanic realm of the Sevan ophiolite (Armenia)
Authors: Asatryan Gayané , Danelian Taniel , Sahakyan Lilit , Galoyan Ghazar , Seyler Monique , Sosson Marc , Avagyan Ara , Hubert Benoit L.M. , Ventalon Sandra 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBiostratigraphic constraints for the sedimentary cover of the ophiolites preserved in Armenia are of key importance for the palaeogeographic and geodynamic reconstruction of the greater area between Eurasia and the South-Armenian block, which is a micro-continent of Gondwanian origin. We present here radiolarian data obtained from radiolarites that are intercalated in a sequence of mafic volcanic rocks on the northern flank of the Dali valley (east of Lake Sevan), which is considered to be part of the Sevan ophiolite. Mafic sills and dykes with well-preserved igneous textures are probably part of the same sequence. The pseudomorphosis of primary phases indicates that the igneous rocks are strongly affected by alteration in the greenschist facies condition. The plagiogranites that are present in this locality appear to be intrusive into the mafic sequence. The radiolarian assemblages extracted from radiolarian cherts intercalated in the mafic volcanic rocks are dated as latest Tithonian-Late Valanginian; they contain metric rounded blocks of oolitic limestones with crinoid fragments, suggesting that these shallow water limestones slid during the Jurassic/Cretaceous transition into a rugged oceanic floor in which radiolarian ooze accumulated.
Geological history of ophiolites in the Lesser Caucasus and correlation with the Izmir-Ankara-Erzincan suture zone: insights from radiolarian biochronology
Authors: Danelian Taniel , Asatryan Gayané , Galoyan Ghazar , Sosson Marc , Sahakyan Lilit , Caridroit Martial , Avagyan Ara 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThree distinct radiolarian assemblages were obtained in this study; two of them were extracted from large blocks of radiolarites included in a mélange NW of Lake Sevan (Dzknaget). The latest Tithonian-Late Valanginian assemblage comes from a coherent sequence of 6–7 m-thick radiolarites with intercalations of lavas and rounded blocks of shallow-water limestones. The Late Barremian-Early Aptian assemblage found in the second block allows correlation with radiolarites dated recently in Karabagh. A third radiolarian assemblage comes from Vedi and establishes that radiolarian ooze was accumulated in the Tethyan realm of the Lesser Caucasus until at least the middle Albian. A synthesis of all available micropaleontological (radiolarian) and geochronological ages for the ophiolites present in Armenia and Karabagh points to the following scenario for their geological evolution: the initial phase of oceanic floor spreading was under way during the Late Triassic (Carnian) or even slightly before; the bulk of oceanic lithosphere preserved today in the Lesser Caucasus was formed during the Jurassic; evidence for subaerial volcanic activity is recorded in tuffite intercalations in the Middle-Upper Jurassic radiolarian cherts; an oceanic volcanic plateau was formed during the Late Barremian-Aptian (or possibly even before) while the obduction of ophiolites took place during the Coniacian-Santonian.The geological history of ophiolites in the Lesser Caucasus shares a number of similarities with the Izmir-Ankara-Erzincan suture zone (i.e. initiation of ocean spreading during the Carnian, obduction after the Cenomanian), but there are also some differences especially with respect to the timing of the oceanic plateau emplacement.
Bajocian to Tithonian age of radiolarian cherts in the Tolmin basin (NW Slovenia)
Authors: Goričan Špela , Pavšič Jernej , Rošič Boštjan 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The Tolmin basin is a typical example of a deep-water Mesozoic basin that developed on the rifted south Tethyan continental margin. Remnants of this basin are preserved at the intersection of the Dinarides and the southern Alps in northwestern Slovenia. The Jurassic successions consist of carbonate gravity-flow deposits, radiolarian cherts and shales, and are overlain by pelagic Biancone limestone. A distinctive chert-dominated interval (the upper member of the Tolmin Formation) was dated with radiolarians. The base of this interval was assigned to the late Bajocian in the distal part of the basin and to the middle Callovian-early Oxfordian in the more proximal part of the basin. The topmost radiolarian cherts are early Tithonian in age. The mid-Tithonian transition from chert to the Biancone limestone was also determined with nannoplankton. The beginning of highly siliceous sedimentation in the Bajocian correlates well over the entire western Tethys and was linked to two factors: an increase in water depth due to regional subsidence and an increase in plankton productivity. The pronounced silica enrichment coincided with the opening of the Alpine Tethys and with the intraoceanic subduction that occurred in the Meliata-Maliac-Vardar Ocean. Reorganization of the plate boundaries may have induced substantial changes in the circulation of water masses that, in turn, had a long-term effect on surface productivity. On the basin scale, radiolarian dating revealed considerable lateral and vertical variations in the thickness of chert successions. This distributional pattern implies that, in narrow continental-margin basins, sedimentation rates were primarily determined by the redeposition of pelagic sediments. Important stratigraphic gaps occur even in the distal basinal setting.
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Lupus
Authors: Gulinello Maria , Wen Jing , Putterman Chaim 
Published: September 2012

CME Educational Objectives

1.
Learn the symptoms, diagnostic procedures, and prevalence of neuropsychiatric lupus (NPSLE).

2.
Understand the current hypotheses regarding the putative mechanisms underlying NPSLE.

3.
Become familiar with some of the current strategies for treatment of NPSLE and understand their limitations.

The neuropsychiatric aspects of systemic lupus erythematosus have been less studied than the peripheral aspects of the disease, and the importance of neuropsychiatric symptoms has been underestimated. Furthermore, until recently, the diagnostic criteria were not standardized and were not sufficiently based on systematic evidence from preclinical and clinical data.
Survey of the Use of Corticosteroids Among Neonatal Intensive Care Units for the Prevention or Treatment of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Authors: Porter Kalen B. , Garner Sandra S. 
Published: September 2012

OBJECTIVE To survey neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) at academic medical centers to determine the current use of inhaled and systemic corticosteroids for the prevention or treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).
METHODS A survey was developed to evaluate aspects of systemic and inhaled corticosteroid use in neonates. Eighty academic medical centers with neonatal/perinatal medicine fellowship programs were surveyed. Neonatology fellows or NICU clinical pharmacists with direct patient care activities responded via telephone, fax or e-mail.
RESULTS Fifty-three institutions responded to the survey (66.3% response rate). Twenty-nine percent of respondents (n = 15) use corticosteroids for prevention of BPD. Systemic corticosteroids are used by 6% of respondents (n = 3) and inhaled corticosteroids are used by 14% of respondents (n = 7) for prevention. Ten percent of respondents (n = 5) use either systemic or inhaled corticosteroids for prevention. Eighty-eight percent of respondents (n = 45) use corticosteroids for treatment of BPD. Systemic corticosteroids are used by 10% of respondents (n = 5) and inhaled corticosteroids are used by 10% of respondents (n = 5) for treatment. Sixty-nine percent of respondents (n = 35) use either systemic or inhaled corticosteroids for treatment. There was a wide variability in drug, dose, titration, taper, administration, and duration of therapy reported.
CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that systemic and inhaled corticosteroids are commonly used by practitioners for the prevention or treatment of BPD despite a recommendation against the routine use of systemic corticosteroids by the American Academy of Pediatrics' (AAP) Committee on Fetus and Newborn and the Canadian Paediatric Society's Fetus and Newborn Committee from February 2002.
Efficacy and Economic Evaluation of a Volume-Based Cathflo Activase Protocol Versus a Fixed-Dose Alteplase Protocol for Catheter Occlusions in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Gilarde Jennifer A. , Chung Allison M. , Vidal Rosa , Falkos Sheryl 
Published: September 2012

OBJECTIVES This prospective study evaluated the efficacy and economic benefit of Cathflo Activase and a volume-dependent protocol versus a previously utilized fixed-dose 2 mg/mL alteplase aliquot protocol for central venous catheter clearance in pediatric patients.
METHODS All pediatric patients with a medically diagnosed catheter occlusion were eligible for inclusion into this study. Retrospective data was analyzed from an approved data collection form, which had been implemented during the utilization of the alteplase protocol. Data collection indicators included catheter type, dose, dwell time, outcome of attempt (successful or unsuccessful), additional measures taken, and comments. A new protocol utilizing Cathflo Activase and manufacturer recommended volume-based dosing was prospectively implemented and data was collected and evaluated and compared to data from the alteplase protocol.
RESULTS Alteplase and Cathflo protocol data was evaluated for a total of 96 courses in 48 patients (0.09 – 22.8 years, 2.15 – 105.2 kg). Complete resolution was achieved in 69.6% of patients with the alteplase protocol, partial resolution was attained in 8.7%, and treatment failure occurred in 21.7% of patients. For the Cathflo Activase group, complete resolution was observed in 82% of occlusions, with 8% partial resolution and treatment failure of 10%. The average cost per dose utilized by our patients during this study was $49.68 and $30.56 for the alteplase and Cathflo Activase groups, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that the Cathflo Activase protocol may be as efficacious as the previous alteplase protocol. Furthermore, there are added time and cost benefits.
Dietary Supplement Use in a Pediatric Inpatient Population
Authors: Tankanow Roberta M. , Dwyer Kelly A. , Streetman Darcie-Ann 
Published: September 2012

OBJECTIVES Patients are assuming responsibility for their own health by self-medicating with dietary supplements, often without physician knowledge or oversight. The objectives of this study were to determine: 1) pediatric dietary supplement use by surveying parents of children who were hospitalized in a university institution; 2) if any health care professional inquired about supplement use at the time the child was hospitalized; 3) whether the use of a supplement was documented in the patient's medical record; and 4) parents' attitudes about dietary supplements.
STUDY DESIGN Parents of 100 hospitalized pediatric patients (&lt;18 years of age) were randomly selected to complete a survey about their child's use of dietary supplements prior to and during hospitalization. They were also asked if they intended to use these products after hospitalization. The purpose of the study was explained, informed consent was obtained, and parents were given ample time to complete the survey.
RESULTS Fifty percent of parents reported giving their child a dietary supplement prior to hospitalization; 17% reported use of an herbal supplement. Only 24% of parents reported being asked about supplement use by a health care professional upon admission or during the hospital stay. The response to only five of these queries was documented in the child's medical record.
CONCLUSIONS Increasing dietary supplement use mandates that all health care professionals elicit this information as part of the routine History and Physical Examination at the time a child is hospitalized. This information should also be documented in the patient's medical record. Likewise, parents should be encouraged to discuss the use of these products with their physician and pharmacist.
Les situations professionnelles : un point de vue de didactique professionnelle
Authors: Mayen Patrick 
Published: September 2012

Cet article propose de développer la notion de situation professionnelle, d’un point de vue de didactique professionnelle. Pour cela, il propose d’examiner d’abord la notion de situation professionnelle du point de vue de ce qu’elle peut apporter pour penser quelques questions de la formation professionnelle. La notion de situation professionnelle est ensuite reprise en relation avec la notion de situation de travail telle qu’elle est utilisée en didactique professionnelle, puis avec la notion de situation : ce qu’elle est, de quoi elle se compose, comment on l’apprend, comment on apprend d’elle.
La médiation judiciaire au Québec, un exemple de droit en réseau ?
Authors: Lagasse de Locht Jean-Yves 
Published: September 2012

La production et l’application des normes juridiques ont subi de multiples transformations qui peuvent être lues à la lumière de l’émergence de nouveaux modes de gouvernance étatique. Ces mutations ont fait constater à plusieurs théoriciens du droit que l’image de la pyramide associée à l’architecture de la théorie générale du droit ne tenait plus tout à fait debout et perdait de sa pertinence, au point que certains aient proposé un nouveau paradigme pour la construction architecturale du droit : le réseau. L’auteur interroge ces déplacements avec l’émergence de la médiation judiciaire au Québec et sa potentielle transformation de la fonction de juger.
Télé-visions : pour de nouvelles approches théoriques de l’histoire de la télévision canadienne
Authors: Poliquin Philippe 
Published: September 2012

Cet article explore les multiples facettes de l’avènement de la télévision canadienne à travers les écrits de deux intellectuels canadiens-français – ici d’André Laurendeau et de Marcel Dubé. En nous référant à leurs fonds d’archives publiques respectifs, nous tentons de discréditer le principal courant de l’historiographie de la télévision canadienne : la tendance institutionnelle. Nous explorons les enjeux de cette branche historique en soulignant les faiblesses opératoires de ce paradigme et soutiendrons que des approches plus compréhensives révèlent des aspects jusqu’à alors marginalisés par l’histoire de la télévision canadienne classique et, surtout, révèlent avec plus de discernement comment a été vécu l’avènement de la télévision entre 1952 et 1962.