bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diffusion tensor imaging study of brain structural integrity in patients with posttraumatic stress disorders
Authors: Xie Bing , Zhang Jingna , Zhang Ye , Zhang Shaoxiang , Qiu Mingguo 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To explore the changes of brain structural integrity in patients with posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD) using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).

Patients and Methods:
Twenty PTSD patients who underwent a traffic accident and 20 non-PTSD patients were selected from the Department of Rehabilitation, Southwest Hospital of the Third Military Medical University in Chongqing, China, between January 2007 and December 2013. Using voxel-based analysis, we investigated fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) in PTSD patients. Linear correlation analysis was employed to detect the relationship between FA and MD in regions of interest, and to obtain PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version scores.

Results:
When compared with the non-PTSD group, the FA of PTSD patients significantly decreased in bilateral middle frontal gyrus, right superior frontal gyrus, and left putamen (P < 0.005). The MD of PTSD patients increased mainly in bilateral middle frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate cortex, left amygdala, left insula, and left globus pallidus (P <0.005). Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the FA value of right middle frontal cortex (MFC) had a significant negative correlation with the PTSD score (r = −0.628, P = 0.039), while the MD value of right MFC and left amygdala had a significant positive correlation with the PTSD score (r = 0.630, P = 0.047; r = 0.632, P = 0.041, respectively).

Conclusion:
The abnormalities of structural integrity in the amygdala and middle frontal gyrus may be the structural foundation of emotional and memory dysfunction in PTSD.
Clinical and academic uses of smartphones among medical residents
Authors: Haseeb Muhammad , Altaf Mir T. , Kour Aneet , Ahmed Firdous , Jahan Alamgir , Bijyal Arpan 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

Background and Objective:
A smartphone is a cellular phone with an integrated computer that enables it to perform a wide array of tasks in addition to its primary purpose. Technological growth has been paralleled by a similar rise in the capabilities of modern day smartphones. And they have found their way into medical education as well as practice. iOS and Android based phones constitute the bulk of the smartphones. Together with their associated applications (apps), these devices have become an indispensable tool for the medical resident and practicing physician. The aim of this study is to make an objective assessment of the status of smartphones as a learning aid and practice tool among medical residents.

Materials and Methods:
The study was conducted on post-graduate trainees in the largest teaching hospital in Jammu province. The residents were approached in the hospital and requested to fill a pre-formulated questionnaire. 90 residents from different specialities were approached over a period of seven days.

Results:
80% of the interviewees said they possessed a smartphone. The percentage was lower in first year trainees and highest in third year trainees. Android and iOS based phones were the devices most commonly used. 90% of those with smartphones said they used it for clinical or academic purposes in the hospital.

Conclusion:
A fairly large percentage of medical residents own smartphones. Most of them use these for clinical and academic purposes. Online resources and pre-installed apps are the two common resources accessed. There is a need for improving the credibility of online resources, and development of more medical apps for smartphones.
Preliminary study of the individual variability of the sexual receptivity of rabbit does
Authors: Theau.Clément M. , Tircazes A. , Saleil G. , Monniaux D. , Bodín L. , Brun J.M. 
Published: September 2015

<p>The aim of this preliminary experiment was to investigate the individual variability of the sexual receptivity of a rabbit doe in the presence of a buck (lordosis position, 0-1 variable). Twenty primiparous does maintained without reproduction were tested over 4 mo (3 tests per week at a 2- or 3-day interval) after their first kindling. Out of 48 tests, the receptivity rate was 52.5±50.0% on average and varied from 20.0 to 73.3% depending on the test day. The does were lactating at the beginning of the test period and a strong receptivity decrease was revealed at the peak of lactation. Receptivity did not vary according to the tester buck or to the test operator. The individual receptivity of does varied from 8.6 to 81.3%; three of them had a receptivity rate lower than 30% and four of them a receptivity rate greater than 70%. No relationship was revealed between average receptivity and body weight or body weight variations around first litter weaning. The repeatability of sexual receptivity of non-lactating does was 23.2%. Lowly receptive does had a shorter average oestrus time (&lt;2 tests) and a longer dioestrus time (≥6 tests), whereas highly receptive does had a longer oestrus time (&gt;4 tests) and a shorter dioestrus time (≤3 tests). The correlation between average receptivity and average oestrus time was 0.80. These results indicate a fairly high individual variability of the expression of rabbit sexual receptivity and of its duration, and justify the exploration of an eventual genetic origin in a subsequent experiment.</p>
Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage could be a risk for development of clinical infections in rabbits
Authors: Selva Martínez Laura , Viana David , Corpa Arenas Juan Manuel 
Published: September 2015

<p>Although nasal carriage has been described as a risk factor for <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> infections in humans, there is a scarcity of studies about <em>S. aureus</em> nasal carriers in animals. In rabbits, <em>S. aureus</em> is one of the most important pathogens responsible for a number of different types of infections. This study was designed to determine the extent of staphylococcal nasal carriage and to establish whether a relationship exists between nasal carriage and development of lesions. One hundred and sixteen rabbits with and without chronic signs of staphylococcosis from 6 industrial rabbitries were monitored. Nasal swabs for microbiological assessments were obtained from all animals. Microbiological results showed that 56% of the animals carried <em>S. aureus</em> in their nasal cavities with significantly higher incidence in animals with staphylococcal-related lesions (84.2%) compared to apparently healthy animals (28.8%). Additionally, the <em>S. aureus</em> strains isolated from the nasal cavity and lesions were clonally related in 91.7% of animals. This suggests that nasal carriage of <em>S. aureus</em> in rabbits could be a risk for development of clinical infections.</p>
Stimulate feed intake before weaning and control intake after weaning to optimise health and growth performance
Authors: Read Tehya , Combes Sylvie , Gidenne Thierry , Destombes Nicolas , Grenet Luc , Fortun-Lamothe Laurence 
Published: September 2015

<p>Post-weaning feed restriction is a common practice in rabbit farming to reduce mortality, but results in lower growth performance and slaughter weights. This study aimed to assess the influence of 2 diets both rich in fibre and low in starch, with high or low digestible energy (DE) and digestible protein (DP) contents for a constant DP/DE ratio offered from 18 to 70 d of age, on the growth performance and health parameters of rabbits. Eight hundred rabbit kits were divided in 2 experimental groups differing in the feed offered from 18 to 70 d: a high concentrate diet (HC group; 10.37 MJ DE/kg DM and 102 g DP/kg DM) or low concentrate diet (LC group; 9.63 MJ DE/kg DM and 95 g DP/kg DM). Feed was offered ad libitum before weaning (35 d) and from 63 to 70 d, while feed offered from 35 to 63 d was controlled to obtain similar DE intake in both groups. Feed intake, animal weights and health status were recorded weekly. Mortality was recorded daily. Feed intake was similar in both groups before weaning (P=0.204), and consequently the DE intake was higher in the HC group compared to the LC group before weaning (3.91 vs. 3.39 MJ, respectively; P=0.017). Feed intake from 63 to 70 d was lower in the HC than in the LC group (229 vs. 239 g/d/kit, respectively; P&lt;0.001).<br />Total DE ingested after weaning was similar in both groups (45.44 MJ; P=0.143). Kits were heavier in the HC group throughout the study (P&lt;0.05). A higher average daily gain during the periods of 18-28, 35-42 and 56-63 d was seen in the HC group (+8.1%, +16.8% and +4.5%, respectively; P&lt;0.05). Mortality and morbidity rates were similar between groups throughout the study (P=1.0 and P=0.104, respectively). Our results suggest that when the feed intake after weaning is controlled, i) the feeding strategy before weaning determines the weight at weaning and at slaughter age; and ii) rabbits fed a diet more highly concentrated but rich in fibre increase their growth performance without negative consequences on their digestive health.</p>
Análisis de la estructura y distribuciones diamétricas en bosques templados bajo la perspectiva del régimen potencial de fuego
Authors: Rubio-Camacho Ernesto A. , González-Tagle Marco A. , Alanís-Rodríguez Eduardo , Chávez-Durán Álvaro A. , Aguirre-Calderón Oscar A. 
Published: September 2015

El papel ecológico del fuego en los ecosistemas puede estudiarse a través del régimen de incendios. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la estructura y composición de especies en un área con régimen potencial de incendios frecuentes y de baja severidad bajo dos escenarios de frecuencia en Iturbide, Nuevo León. Se establecieron dos parcelas de 1 ha con distinta carga de combustible (P1 = menor carga, P2 = mayor carga) y se registraron las especies, diámetro, altura y cobertura del arbolado mayor y menor. Las variables dasométricas se analizaron para obtener la composición actual del bosque. En el arbolado mayor, el grupo Pinus domina en ambas parcelas; esta especie tiene mayores valores de densidad y cobertura en la P1, caso contrario de los grupos Quercus y Otras (latifoliadas). En el arbolado menor, todos los grupos mostraron valores mayores de cobertura en P1, indicando regeneración activa en el área de menor periodo de ausencia de fuego. Las distribuciones diamétricas se ajustaron a la distribución Weibull y constituyen un reflejo del régimen de fuego en estos ecosistemas. Los resultados aportan conocimiento del régimen de incendios, por lo cual se recomienda la implementación de un programa de manejo integral del fuego que integre los efectos benéficos de los incendios.
Engaging Students in Critical Thinking and Problem Solving: A Brief Review of the Literature
Authors: McCormick Nancy J. , Clark Linda M. , Raines Joan M. 
Published: September 2015

<p>Problem solving and critical thinking skills are beneficial across all fields of collegiate studies and provide lasting value in the workplace and everyday life. In problem solving, students employ critical thinking skills in the analyses of problems and the synthesis and applications of previously learned concepts. For decades, researchers and academics have deliberated on ways to engage students in the classroom to train them in these skills. The collective research on teaching critical thinking and problem solving reveal overarching themes, which include student involvement, learning styles, student motivation, and instructor perceptions and behaviors.</p>
RESGATE DE MUDAS DE Lychnophora pohlii COMO ALTERNATIVA PARA RECUPERAÇÃO E CONSERVAÇÃO DE CAMPO RUPESTRE
Authors: Ferreira e Silva Nathália , Marinho Pereira Israel , Titon Miranda , Oliveira Márcio Leles Romarco de , Laia Marcelo Luiz , Araújo Luana Cristielle 
Published: September 2015

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do tamanho da planta resgatada e dos níveis de redução foliar na sobrevivência, crescimento e emissão de folhas em mudas de arnica obtidas via resgate em um remanescente de campo rupestre. Foram resgatados 240 indivíduos, os quais foram divididos em duas classes de altura (Classe I – 2,5 a 20 cm e Classe II – 25 a 55 cm) e submetidos a três intensidades de redução foliar (0%, 50% e 100%). As medições de altura, diâmetro e emissão de novas folhas foram realizadas em nove tempos (0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105 e 120 dias) e a avaliação da sobrevivência aos 120 dias. A taxa média de sobrevivência foi de 49,2%, sendo maior na Classe I e não apresentando diferença estatística quanto aos três tipos de redução foliar. A emissão de folhas foi maior nos indivíduos que sofreram redução foliar, observando-se uma diminuição ao longo do tempo, ao contrário das mudas com 0% de redução, que tiveram um crescimento linear. Portanto, é aconselhável que o resgate de mudas de arnica seja realizado para plantas com tamanho entre 2,5 e 20 cm, sem necessidade de redução foliar.AbstractEvaluation of the arnica plant rescue as an alternative to conservation and restoration of campo rupestre ecosystems. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of rescued plant size and levels of reduction in leaf survival, growth, and insertion of leaves in seedlings of Arnica obtained via salvage in a remnant of Campo Rupestre. We rescued 240 individuals and these were divided into two classes’ height (Class I - 2.5 to 20 cm and Class II - 25 - 55 cm) and subjected to three levels of reduction leaf (0%, 50% and 100%). The measurements of height and diameter and new leaves emission were collected at nine times (0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105 and 120), and evaluation of survival at 120 days. The average survival rate was 49.2%, higher in Class I and had no significant difference regarding the three types of leaf reduction. The emission sheet was higher in subjects experiencing a leaf reduction observing a decrease over time, unlike the seedling with 0% reduction, which increased linearly. Therefore, it is advisable a size between 2.5 and 20 cm for the rescue of arnica seedling plant, without leaf reduction. Keywords: Lychnophora pohlii; seedlings production; leaf reduction; height class.
DESEMPENHO OPERACIONAL DE UMA SERRARIA DE PEQUENO PORTE DO MUNICÍPIO DE ALEGRE, ESPÍRITO SANTO, BRASIL
Authors: Batista Djeison Cesar , Da Silva João Gabriel Missia , Andrade Wendel Sandro De Paula , Vidaurre Graziela Baptista 
Published: September 2015

As serrarias são as principais indústrias madeireiras do sul do estado do Espírito Santo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o desempenho operacional de uma serraria de pequeno porte processadora da madeira de Eucalyptus sp. no município de Alegre, região sul do estado do Espírito Santo. Para tanto, a análise consistiu do estudo do rendimento em madeira serrada, eficiência operacional e amostragem do trabalho. O rendimento médio foi igual a 53,6% e foi considerado bom, para uma serraria que processa madeira de folhosas, quando comparado com dados da literatura. A eficiência operacional média foi igual a 2,77 m³/operário/dia, e foi considerada baixa, mesmo para serrarias brasileiras de pequeno porte, em consequência da falta de classificação da matéria-prima, inadequações de layout, mau estado de conservação do maquinário e baixo nível de automação. O trabalho produtivo médio foi de 69,6% e não atingiu o valor mínimo de 75% sugerido pela literatura, resultado dos problemas referidos, dentre outros fatores. De uma maneira geral, o desempenho operacional da serraria foi considerado ruim, de acordo com os índices avaliados, porém possui potencial para ser melhorado.AbstractOperational performance of a small sawmill of the city of Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil. Sawmills are the most important wood industries in the Southern of the Espírito Santo State. The aim of this research was to analyze the operational performance of a small sawmill in Alegre, Espírito Santo state, Brazil, which process Eucalyptus sp. logs. The analysis was based on the study of lumber yield, operational efficiency and work delay ratio. The average lumber yield was 53.6% ranked as good for a small log hardwood sawmill, according to the literature. The average operational efficiency was 2.77 m³/worker/shift, and was ranked as low, even for small Brazilian sawmills, due to not classified logs, layout inadequacies, machinery bad conservation and low automation level. The average productive work was 69.6% and did not achieve the minimum rank of 75% suggested by the literature, because of the referred problems, and other ones. In general, for such sawmill the operational situation was considered poor, but it has potential to be improved.Keywords: Log breakdown; lumber yield; operational efficiency; productive work.
ANÁLISE ESTRUTURAL E USO MÚLTIPLO DE ESPÉCIES ARBÓREAS EM FLORESTAS MANEJADAS NO MÉDIO VALE DO RIO CURUÁ-UNA, PARÁ
Authors: Vieira Diego Dos Santos , Gama João Ricardo Vasconcellos , Oliveira Márcio Leles Romarco de , Ribeiro Renato Bezerra Da Silva 
Published: September 2015

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar alterações florísticas e estruturais ocorridas em áreas de Floresta Ombrófila Densa no Pará, em decorrência das atividades de exploração de impacto reduzido. Para isso, foram utilizadas duas áreas de floresta não manejada (FNM1 e FNM2) e duas de floresta manejada (FM1 e FM2), explorada há quatro anos, com intensidade de corte de 30 m³.ha-1. Utilizou-se amostragem estratificada, com alocação de 24 parcelas de 28 x 350 m, sendo 12 na FM1 e 12 na FNM1, e 20 parcelas de 50 x 200 m, sendo nove na FM2 e 11 na FNM2, mensurando-se todos os indivíduos com DAP ≥ 10 cm. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, com número diferente de repetições. No período de quatro anos após a exploração, ocorreram alterações não significativas na composição florística e abundância de indivíduos, no entanto os índices de Shannon calculados para as áreas diferiram significativamente. A espécie de maior valor de importância na FM1 e FNM1 foi Rinorea guianensis Aubl. e na FM2 e FNM2 foram Licania kunthiana Hook.f. e Richardella macrophylla (Lam.) Aubrév., respectivamente. Após quatro anos da colheita, foram identificadas diferenças significativas apenas no volume total e na dominância absoluta entre FM2 e FNM2.AbstractStructural analysis and multiple use of tree species in managed forest, Middle River Valley of Curuá-una, Pará. This research aimed to evaluate the floristic and structural changes in areas of dense rain forest in Pará, due to the reduced impact logging activities. Inorder to that, two areas of unmanaged forest were used (FNM1 and FNM2), and two of managed forest (FM1 and FM2), explored for four years with intensity of cut 30 m³.ha-1. A stratified sampling was used with allocation of 24 plots of 28 m x 350 m, 12 in the FM1and 12 in the FNM1, and 20 plots of 50 m x 200 m, 9 in the FM2 and 11 in the FNM2, we measured all individuals with DBH ≥ 10 cm. The lineation was completely randomized with different number of repetitions. In the period of four years after forest harvest, non-significant changes occurred in the floristic composition and abundance of individuals, however, the Shannon-Weaver indices calculated for the areas differed significantly. The species with the highest importance value in FM1 and FNM1 was Rinorea guianensis Aubl. and in FM2 and FNM2 were Licania kunthiana Hook.f. and Richardella macrophylla (Lam.) Aubrév., respectively. After four years of harvests, significant differences were found only in total volume and absolute dominance between FM2 and FNM2.Keywords: Phytosociology; Amazon; Forest management.
FITOSSOCIOLOGIA DE UMA FLORESTA PLUVIAL SUBTROPICAL PRIMÁRIA NO SUL DO BRASIL
Authors: Maçaneiro João Paulo De , Seubert Rafaela Cristina , Schorn Lauri Amândio 
Published: September 2015

Em Santa Catarina, a Floresta Pluvial Subtropical encontra-se alterada, sobretudo em sua composição e estrutura. Assim, trabalhos que caracterizem os remanescentes florestais são importantes, pois podem servir de base para estudos de meta-análise. Neste trabalho, foi caracterizada a composição e a estrutura de uma Floresta Pluvial Subtropical e comparou-se a composição de espécies dessa floresta com outras da mesma fitofisionomia. A vegetação foi amostrada em 25 parcelas de 400 m², em que foram medidos os indivíduos com DAP ≥ 5 cm. Foram amostrados 1.727 indivíduos, distribuídos em 144 espécies, 91 gêneros e 45 famílias. Myrtaceae, Lauraceae e Fabaceae foram as famílias mais ricas, com destaque para os gêneros Ocotea, Myrcia e Eugenia. As espécies com maior percentual de importância foram Euterpe edulis Mart., Sloanea guianensis (Aubl.) Benth., Ocotea aciphylla (Nees & Mart.) Mez e Tapirira guianensis Aubl. Foram detectados dois grupos florísticos que se formaram devido à proximidade geográfica, sendo o primeiro grupo formado pelos estudos realizados na região sul-catarinense e o segundo por estudos realizados na região do Vale do Itajaí. Os resultados indicaram que a floresta é composta por espécies clímax tolerantes à sombra e pode ser caracterizada como um remanescente de vegetação bem conservado, indicando sua importância para conservação.AbstractPhytosociology of a primary Subtropical Rain Forest in southern Brazil. The Subtropical Rain Forest is altered in Santa Catarina regarding its composition and structure. Thus, the studies that focus on these forest remnants are important because they can consist as a basis for meta-analysis. In this work research we intend to characterize the composition and structure of a Subtropical Rain Forest stand and compare the species composition of this stand with others in the same forest type. The vegetation was sampled through 25 sample plots of 400 m², where individuals with DBH ≥ 5 cm were measured. We sampled 1,727 individuals belonging to 144 species, 91 genus and 45 families. Myrtaceae, Lauraceae and Fabaceae were the richest families, especially the Ocotea, Eugenia and Myrcia genus. The species with the highest importance percentual were Euterpe edulis Mart., Sloanea guianensis (Aubl.) Benth., Ocotea aciphylla (Nees & Mart.) Mez, Tapirira guianensis Aubl. We detected two floristic groups formed due to geographical proximity; the first was formed by studies conducted in the southern region and the second by studies conducted in the Itajaí Valley. Our results indicated that the studied forest stand is composed primarily of shade-tolerant climax species and can be characterized as a well-preserved forest remnant. The results indicate the importance of this area for conservation.Keywords: Composition; structure; ecological groups; similarity; Itajaí Valley.
Zweiten Vatikanischen Konzil und die triadische Einheit des Ordo und die Frage nach einem Diakonat der Frau
Authors: Menke Karl Heinz 
Published: September 2015

Ist ein sakramental verstandener Diakonat der Frau möglich, ohne zugleich ihre Zulassung zur Priester- und Bischofsweihe auszusprechen? Theologinnen und Theologen, die diese Frage positiv beantworten, erklären, dass es zwar nur ein Sakrament des Ordo gebe, dass dessen Gestaltung (die Trias von Bischof, Priestern und Diakonen) aber veränderlich bis hin zur Schaffung eines Frauendiakonates sei. Die Gegenthese behauptet die Sakramentalität von Einheit und Trias des Ordo. Beide Parteien berufen sich auf dieselben Texte des Zweiten Vatikanischen Konzils. Deshalb blickt die vorliegende Abhandlung zurück in die Geschichte der Verhältnisbestimmung von Episkopat, Presbyterat und Diakonat, um so zu erweisen, dass die Väter des Zweiten Vatikanums eine jahrhundertelang ungeklärte Frage endgültig wie folgt entschieden haben: Die sakramentale. Repräsentation des ‚Voraus‘ Christi gegenüber der Kirche geschieht durch die drei Ämter von Bischof, Presbyter und Diakon. Wenn die Frau nicht zur Bischofs- und Priesterweihe zugelassen ist, dann auch nicht zum Diakonat des sakramentalen Ordo.