bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methodology to Improve the Efficiency of Evaluation of the Severity of Angular Leaf Spot in Common Bean
Authors: Iwano Fernanda Keiko , Ramalho Magno Antonio Patto , Cunha Vieira Júnior Indalécio , Abreu Ângela de Fátima Barbosa 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDisease severity assessment by means of a scoring scale, especially for angular leaf spot (Pseudocercospora griseola) in common bean, is hindered in experiments for assessment of progenies and/or breeding lines due to lack of uniformity of occurrence of the pathogens and segregation within progenies. The purpose of this study was to estimate the efficiency of the use of one plant per plot in assessing the severity of angular leaf spot in experiments for assessment of progenies and/or breeding lines in the common bean crop. To that end, two experimental strategies were used – one of them using one plant per plot and another using a standard size plot (SPP) (2–4‐m length rows). The experiments were conducted in the period from November 2011 to May 2012 in the municipalities of Lavras and Lambari, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Forty‐one lines from the breeding programme of the Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA) and from other research institutions were assessed, which differed in regard to their degree of susceptibility to P. griseola. The lines were assessed in regard to the severity of said disease using a five‐degree diagrammatic scale. In all the one plant per plot experiments, severity scores of angular leaf spot from the beginning of its occurrence, and later in intervals ranging from 7 to 12 days, were obtained. In the experiment with the SPP, assessment was made a few days prior to grain harvest. Estimates of the correlations between severity scores and grain yield (GY) were mostly of small magnitude. There was good coincidence between the lines classified as more resistant or more susceptible to the pathogen under the two conditions.
Septic peritonitis from pyloric and non‐pyloric gastrointestinal perforation: prognostic factors in 44 dogs and 11 cats
Authors: Dayer T. , Howard J. , Spreng D. 
Published: October 2013

ObjectivesTo identify potential prognostic factors affecting outcome in septic peritonitis caused by gastrointestinal perforation in dogs and cats.MethodsA retrospective study. Animals operated on for septic peritonitis because of gastrointestinal perforation were evaluated. Risk factors assessed included age, duration of clinical signs, recent prior abdominal surgery, recent prior anti‐inflammatory drug administration, placement of a closed‐suction drain and location of perforation.ResultsFifty‐five animals (44 dogs and 11 cats) were included. The overall mortality was 63·6%. No association was found between age, duration of clinical signs or prior abdominal surgery and outcome. Animals with a history of prior anti‐inflammatory drugs were significantly (P=0·0011) more likely to have perforation of the pylorus (73·3%). No significant difference in outcome was found between animals treated with closed‐suction drains and those treated with primary closure or between pyloric perforation and perforation at other gastrointestinal sites.Clinical SignificanceAdministration of anti‐inflammatory drugs in dogs and cats is a significant risk factor for pyloric perforation. Pyloric perforation was not associated with a poorer outcome than perforation at other gastrointestinal sites. Placement of a closed suction drain did not improve outcome compared to primary closure.
Molecular systematics and biogeography ofWisteriainferred from nucleotide sequences of nuclear and plastid genes
Authors: LI Jianhua , JIANG Jin‐Huo , FU Cheng‐Xin , TANG Shao‐Qing 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPrevious molecular phylogenetic studies of Fabaceae indicated that species ofWisteria, an intercontinental disjunct genus between eastern Asia and eastern North America, formed a clade derived from withinCallerya. However, interspecific relationships were not well resolved or supported. In this study, we used sequences of the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region and the chloroplast genematKto examine interspecific relationships and explore implications of the phylogeny for the systematics and biogeography ofWisteria. Our results showed thatWisteriawith deciduous leaves and racemose inflorescences formed a strongly supported clade derived from within the paraphyleticCallerya.Afgekiawas also found to be included withinCallerya. Therefore, our data support the merger ofAfgekia,Callerya, andWisteria. The phylogenetic pattern suggested that the deciduousness inWisteriamay be a derived trait likely in response to temperate climate, and the racemose inflorescences in theAfgekia–Callerya–Wisteriaclade may have evolved from panicles. Our study also provided strong support for the sister relationship of the North American and eastern Asian species ofWisteria. In the Asian clade,Wisteria brachybotrysSiebold & Zucc. of Japan was sister to the clade containingW.floribunda(Willd.) DC of Japan and Korea, andW.sinensis(Sims) Sweet of China. However, our data offered weak support for the sister relationship ofW. floribundaandW. sinensis. Our divergence time and biogeographic analyses suggested that the eastern Asian–North American disjunction inWisteriamay have occurred through a dispersal event in the middle Miocene (13.4 Mya) from the Old World to the New World across the Bering land bridge followed by vicariance in the late Miocene (6.8 Mya). This study added another example to the “out of Asia” migration for the eastern Asian–eastern North American disjunction.
Nitrite Toxicity and Methemoglobin Changes in Southern Flounder, Paralichthys lethostigma, in Brackish Water
Authors: Park Jeonghwan , Daniels Harry V. , Cho Sung Hwoan 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis study was performed to estimate the nitrite toxicity to southern flounder, Paralichthys lethostigma, in brackish water (7.5 ppt of salinity). For a LC50 test, 20 fingerlings (5.7 ± 0.4 cm) in each aquarium (15 L) were exposed to the concentrations of 0, 1, 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 120, and 240 mg NO2−‐N/L in duplication for 10 d. Median lethal concentration at 96 h (96‐h LC50) was calculated as 81.6 mg NO2−‐N/L. For a verification test, young flounder (164.2 ± 9.1 g) were exposed to a simulated culture condition in recirculating systems (1000 L). Sodium nitrite was not added to control system, whereas it was added to Treatment system 1 (TS 1) and Treatment system 2 (TS 2) to maintain nitrite concentrations of 20 and 30 mg NO2−‐N/L, respectively. The plasma nitrite concentrations of the young flounder in TS 1 and TS 2 were 4.5 and 6.6 mg NO2−‐N/L, respectively, after 2 wk. At this time, the methemoglobin percentages in TS 1 and TS 2 reached 85.8 and 89.7%, and survival rates were 37.5 and 25.0%, respectively. The results of these tests indicate that southern flounder do not concentrate nitrite in blood from the environment, but they seem to be more sensitive to nitrite compared with other species that do not concentrate nitrite.
Epiphytism on Blades of the Edible Kelps Undaria pinnatifida and Saccharina latissima Farmed under Different Abiotic Conditions
Authors: Peteiro César , Freire Óscar 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe kelps Undaria pinnatifida and Saccharina latissima are economically valuable edible seaweeds. Although epiphytism is a major problem affecting the productivity and quality of farmed seaweeds, studies of its effects on kelp aquaculture are scarce. We investigated the effects of epiphytism in two U. pinnatifida and S. latissima culture grounds located in two different parts (exposed and sheltered) of a bay (ría) in Galicia (NW Spain). Epiphytic organisms on blades were identified and their abundance was documented. The percentage of the total blade covered with epiphytes was measured for both kelp species in order to estimate the blade biomass that must be discarded during processing for human consumption. Algae, hydroids, and crustaceans were the most common epiphytic organism on kelp blades; colonies of the hydroid Obelia geniculata and harpacticoid copepods were the most abundant epiphytes. Abundance of epiphytes on the blades of both kelps was significantly higher for fronds growing in the sheltered area of the bay compared to those farmed at the exposed location. Different environmental conditions and other factors, such as the proximity of mussel cultures to kelp cultures, may be important contributors to epiphytism. The results presented here can be used to devise better ways for kelp aquaculture facilities to diminish the negative effects of epiphytism.
Evaluation of Feed Attractants in Juvenile Senegalese Sole, Solea senegalensis
Authors: Barroso Fernando G. , Rodiles Ana , Vizcaino Antonio J. , Martínez Tomás F. , Alarcón Francisco J. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe Senegalese sole, Solea senegalensis, is a flatfish with increasing interest in the European aquaculture. However, one of the main limitations found in this species is related to the scarce attraction to commercial aquafeeds, thus determining low feed intake in fish farms. The aim of this study was to evaluate four ingredients of marine origin (fish meal hydrolysate [FMH], polychaete meal [POM], mussel meal [MUM], and squid meal [SQM]) as potential attractants for juvenile Senegalese sole. Four experimental feeds containing 10% of the potential attractants, plus a control diet without these ingredients, were evaluated. A total of 150 fish were distributed into ten 40‐L tanks (duplicate tanks per feed). A Latin square design was carried out, and hence all the experimental diets were offered to each tank in successive periods of 7 d. Fish were fed twice a day (morning and afternoon), and the feeding behavior of the animals was assessed by direct observations. Behavioral pattern assessed was classified as distant orientation, near orientation, or continuation of intake. The acceptability index for each behavioral phase and experimental feeds used was established for each observation. No behavioral differences could be noticed between the morning and the afternoon feedings. FMH showed the greatest attractant potential than among the ingredients assessed, and consequently this ingredient yielded the higher feed intake rates. On the other hand, POM was not the best attractant for juvenile Senegalese sole.
Experimental Infection of Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, and Hybrid Striped Bass, Morone chrysops ♂ × Morone saxatilis ♀, with Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus Genotype IVb
Authors: Cornwell Emily R. , Penner Eileen A. , Getchell Rodman G. , Groocock Geoffrey H. , Bowser Paul R. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe emergence of a new sublineage of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) within the Laurentian Great Lakes has caused concern for aquaculture in the United States. Because of the occurrence of VHSV in a new geographic location, new host species have been identified and the complete host range has not been determined. This study confirmed the high resistance of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, to VHSV type IVb infection. In addition, the experimental susceptibility of hybrid striped bass, Morone chrysops ♂ × Morone saxatilis ♀, to VHSV type IVb infection was examined but determined to be highly dependent on age of fish and exposure temperature. No mortality was observed in adult fish infected via intraperitoneal (IP) injection at 15 C, whereas yearling fish infected via IP injection under the same conditions experienced 20.8% mortality. Among yearling fish infected via IP injection, mortality increased to 100% when exposure to VHSV occurred at 10 C. An LD50 for yearling hybrid striped bass exposed to VHSV at 10 C by IP injection was determined to be 1.4 × 104 pfu (SE = 2.1). Thus, at 10 C, yearling hybrid striped bass experience a high mortality when exposed to VHSV IVb by IP injection.
Delayed Feeding of Channel Catfish Fry Stocked in Ponds
Authors: Mischke Charles C. , Greenway T. E. , Griffin M. J. , Li M. H. , Wise D. J. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe compared production variables between channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, nursery ponds fed according to industry standards, that is feeding immediately at stocking, to an alternative practice of delaying feeding for 6 wk after stocking in an effort to utilize natural pond productivity and reduce feed use. Twelve 0.04 ha ponds were fertilized and stocked with swim‐up fry (4–5 d posthatch) at a rate of 10,000/pond (250,000/ha). Ponds were then randomly assigned to either the standard feeding protocol (feeding daily starting immediately at stocking) or an alternative feeding protocol (no feeding until 6 wk post‐stocking). After 18 wk of production, there were no differences in water quality or zooplankton abundance between the two treatments. Fish length was not affected by treatment throughout the study, and survival and total weight harvested were similar. Total kg of feed fed was significantly reduced in the delayed feed treatment, averaging 26 kg/pond less feed fed. If proper fertilization practices are implemented, large numbers of desirable zooplankton for catfish fry culture are attained, and these zooplankton are able to sustain catfish fry stocked up to 250,000/ha. Therefore, no commercial diets are required during the first 6 wk of culture, saving over $95.55/ha in initial feed costs.
Anti‐depressive effect of polyphenols and omega‐3 fatty acid from pomegranate peel and flax seed in mice exposed to chronic mild stress
Authors: Naveen Shivanna , Siddalingaswamy Mahadevappa , Singsit Dongzagin , Khanum Farhath 
Published: October 2013

AimIn this study polyphenols from pomegranate peel, and n‐3 fatty acids with polyphenols from flax seed were evaluated for their anti depression properties in mice exposed to chronic mild stress (CMS).MethodsA total of 40 mice initially trained to consume 2% sucrose solution for 3 weeks were then divided into five groups of eight each. The first group was the normal control, the remaining four groups were exposed to CMS but were force fed with either: 10 mL water per kg bodyweight per day; imipramine (a standard antidepressant) 15 mg kg bodyweight; 30 mg per kg bodyweight polyphenol equivalent extract from pomegranate peel; or 30 mg polyphenols per kg bodyweight with omega‐3 fatty acids present, for 50 days. At the end, blood and brain were analyzed for various biomarkers of depression.ResultsThe flax seed and imipramine groups had significantly increased sucrose consumption, decreased cortisol (blood), decreased epinephrine and norepinephrine concentration, decreased monoamine oxidase A and B activity, and decreased superoxide dismutase activity. Lipid peroxidation was completely inhibited. In contrast, pomegranate peel extract also completely inhibited lipid peroxidation in the brain, and reduced enzyme activity and hormone concentration but to a lesser extent than flax seed.ConclusionPolyphenols from flax seed with omega‐3 fatty acids were able to reduce all the CMS effects tested compared to polyphenols from pomegranate peel.
Surveillance cultures in pediatric allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Simojoki Suvi‐Tuuli , Kirjavainen Vesa , Rahiala Jaana , Kanerva Jukka 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe value of surveillance cultures in predicting systemic infections and in guiding antimicrobial treatment is controversial. We investigated 57 pediatric allo‐SCTs between 2007 and 2009. ALL (34), AML (5), and severe aplastic anemia (4) were the largest patient groups. Conditioning was TBI‐based in 87% and 54% developed GVHD (21% grade III‐IV). Of the 2594 weekly colonization samples, 24% were positive (fecal bacteria 86%, fecal fungi 16%, Clostridium difficile 16%; throat bacteria 17% and throat fungi 4%). Enterobacteria and enterococci were the most common fecal findings, staphylococci and streptococci in the throat. Of the bacterial stool samples pretransplant, 74% (mostly enterococci) were resistant to our first‐line antibiotics (ceftazidime and cloxacillin). Candida species accounted for the majority of the fungal findings: 62% of the fecal and 78% in the throat. A total of 170 clinical infection episodes were recorded, and in 12 of these, the bacterial blood culture was positive. In 4/12 cases, the pathogen was detected in surveillance culture previously, leading to sensitivity and specificity of 33.3 and 47.4%, respectively. Positive predictive value of bacterial surveillance cultures was 0.9%. The antimicrobial treatment was changed in only five cases based on the surveillance culture results. Weekly surveillance cultures seldom provided clinical benefit and were not cost‐effective.
Generation and Validation of High‐Resolution DEMs from Worldview‐2 Stereo Data
Authors: Sefercik Umut G. , Alkan Mehmet , Buyuksalih Gurcan , Jacobsen Karsten 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWorldView‐2 (WV‐2), whose panchromatic images have a 0·5 m ground sampling distance (GSD), was launched by DigitalGlobe in 2009. It is the first commercial satellite to offer 8‐band multispectral imagery with 1·8 m resolution. Due to the off‐nadir sensor rotation of WV‐2, it is feasible to obtain stereo coverage. Digital elevation models (DEMs) have been created with three WV‐2 stereopairs of northern Istanbul with different land types and one of these is comprehensively analysed in this study. A reference DEM, developed from large‐scale aerial photogrammetric mapping, together with a lidar DEM and an overlapping neighbouring WV‐2 DEM, are used for validation. The generated WV‐2 DEM reached, after filtering and in open areas, a standard deviation in height of approximately 1·0 GSD. A higher number of discrepancies larger than 4 m exist than would be expected from a normal distribution, influencing the standard deviation more than the normalised median absolute deviation (NMAD).
Evaluation of a blood group genotyping platform (BLOODchip® Reference) in Japanese samples
Authors: Tanaka M. , Kamada I. , Takahashi J. , Hirayama F. , Tani Y. 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYBackgroundBlood‐group genotyping arrays have been widely used in Caucasian and African American populations, but have not been thoroughly tested in Japanese subjects.AimTo evaluate, using the BLOODchip® Reference genotyping system, the concordance of previously typed samples with expected phenotypes and the coverage of the Japanese variants.MethodsBlood samples from 100 Japanese donors were obtained. DNA was extracted with QIAsymphony (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). Samples were typed by serological methods and processed with the BLOODchip®. When a non‐concordant result was identified, further sequencing by polymerase chain reaction‐single specific primer (PCR‐SSP) was performed.ResultsConcordance between systems was 98% (736/751), and 98.8% (742/751) if only non‐software‐related non‐concordances were considered. In the ABO group, 6 ‘No Call’ (NC, inability of the BLOODchip® to assign a result) were ascribed to a variant of blood subtype A1 (A102; 467C>T), a common subtype in Asian populations, whereas three NC presented additional polymorphisms not contained in the BLOODchip® (A102/A205, A102/O06 and A204/O02). In the RhD group, one discrepancy was correctly genotyped as RHD*1227A (Del phenotype) by the BLOODchip® (phenotyped as partial D, RHD*DIVb). Another was phenotyped as D+ by the BLOODchip® (phenotyped weak D by serology) and confirmed as RHD*D‐CE(2)‐D heterozygous by sequencing. The 3 RhD NC can be solved by further software update. For RhCE, one discrepancy was correctly genotyped for both systems; however, only the BLOODchip® was able to detect RHCE*CX allele.ConclusionsBy programming the A102 ABO variant into the system software with the new allele combinations, the BLOODchip® Reference is a suitable genotyping tool to be applied to Asian samples.
AGAMOUS‐LIKE13, a putative ancestor for theEfunctional genes, specifies male and female gametophyte morphogenesis
Authors: Hsu Wei‐Han , Yeh Tsung‐Jen , Huang Kai‐Yu , Li Jen‐Ying , Chen Hsing‐Yu , Yang Chang‐Hsien 
Published: October 2013

SummaryArabidopsisAGL13is a member of theAGL6clade of theMADSbox gene family.GUSactivity was specifically detected from the initiation to maturation of both pollen and ovules inAGL13:GUSArabidopsis. The sterility of the flower with defective pollen and ovules was found inAGL13RNAi knockdown andAGL13 + SRDXdominant‐negative mutants. These results indicate thatAGL13acts as an activator in regulation of early initiation and further development of pollen and ovules. The production of similar floral organ defects in the severeAGL13 + SRDXandSEP2 + SRDXplants and the similar enhancement ofAGnuclear localization efficiency byAGL13 andSEP3 proteins suggest a similar function forAGL13 and E functionalSEPproteins. Additional fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) analysis indicated that, similar toSEPproteins,AGL13 is able to interact withAGto form quartet‐like complexes (AGL13–AG)2and interact withAG–AP3–PIto form a higher‐order heterotetrameric complex (AGL13–AG–AP3–PI). Through these complexes,AGL13 andAGcould regulate the expression of similar downstream genes involved in pollen morphogenesis, anther cell layer formation and the ovule development.AGL13 also regulatesAG/AP3/PIexpression by positive regulatory feedback loops and suppresses its own expression through negative regulatory feedback loops by activatingAGL6, which acts as a repressor ofAGL13. Our data suggest thatAGL13is likely a putative ancestor for the E functional genes which specifies male and female gametophyte morphogenesis in plants during evolution.
Skin diseases in pet rabbits: a retrospective study of 334 cases seen at the University of California at Davis, USA (1984–2004)
Authors: Snook Tara S. , White Stephen D. , Hawkins Michelle G. , Tell Lisa A. , Wilson Laura S. , Outerbridge Catherine A. , Ihrke Peter J. 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundRabbits are growing in popularity as companion animals, and dermatology problems are often the presenting complaint when seeing a veterinarian.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo document skin diseases and their prevalence in pet domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in northern California, USA; to investigate predilections for breed, age or sex for the most common conditions over a 20 year period.AnimalsThree hundred and thirty‐four pet rabbits from the overall hospital population met inclusion criteria.MethodsA retrospective study was carried out by searching the computerized medical records of rabbits seen at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (VMTH) from 1 January 1984 to 31 December 2004 using key words relevant to dermatology.ResultsTwenty‐nine per cent of pet rabbits seen at the VMTH had skin disease. Lop‐eared rabbits were over‐represented, whereas mixed‐breed rabbits and castrated males were under‐represented in the dermatology caseload compared with the hospital population. Pododermatitis was the most common skin disease; abscesses, alopecia, otitis externa and ectoparasites also were common. Several species of bacteria other than Pasteurella spp. were isolated from abscesses. Despite the frequent mention of myxomatosis and venereal spirochetosis in the rabbit literature, few cases (three and two, respectively) were diagnosed. Castrated males were 3.7 times more likely to present with alopecia than intact males; rabbits <1 year of age were 3.6 times more likely to present with Psoroptes infestation/otitis than adult rabbits.Conclusions and clinical importanceCutaneous conditions in pet rabbits in the USA are common. Bacterial culture should be performed and antibiotic susceptibility determined in all rabbits with abscesses, particularly those not responding to typical anti‐Pasteurella antibiotics.