bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
16.—The Sensory Fields and Life Mode ofPhacops rana(Green, 1832) (Trilobita)
Authors: Miller John 
Published: January 2013

SynopsisVarious types of trilobite exoskeletal sculpture are described and referred to a simple classification. Thin-section and surface examination of many such sculptural features shows them to be remnants of distinct cuticular organelles, which probably had a sensory function. The supposed sensory structures of well-preserved specimens ofPhacops rana(Green) are described in detail and their presumed specific functions considered. Mapping sensilla distribution over thePhacops ranadorsal exoskeleton shows a distinctive pattern conveniently divisible into nine inferred sensory fields with the densest sensory concentrations on the head and margins of the dorsal shield.Conclusions on the importance of these sensory fields in mediating the trilobite's behaviour are combined with evidence from general morphology, palaeocology and evolutionary trends to suggest thatPhacops ranawas an active benthonic animal with a dual trophic capability lending considerable flexibility in adaptive radiation.TheP. ranahypostomal suture, consisting of two short coplanar lateral branches, is described for the first time, indicating that the hypostoma had considerable freedom of movement, possibly connected with ingestion of bulky food.
XXXIII.—On Old Red Sandstone Plants showing Structure, from the Rhynie Chert Bed, Aberdeenshire. Part V. The Thallophyta occurring in the Peat-Bed; the Succession of the Plants throughout a Vertical Section of the Bed, and the Conditions of Accumulation and Preservation of the Deposit
Authors: Kidston R. , Lang W. H. 
Published: January 2013

In this concluding part of the series of papers on the plants preserved in the Rhynie chert-band, various remains of lower plants that occur in the peat will be described, and some general questions concerning the accumulation and preservation of the deposit considered. The paper is divided naturally into the parts enumerated below.1. An account will be given of a number of forms of Fungi which are met with in the decayed remains of the vascular plants, and also in the peaty matrix. The fungal remains are so generally distributed that they can be regarded as forming an integral part of the peat. In connection with them, the question as to whether there is evidence of a mycorrhizal relation between any of the Fungi and the Vascular Cryptogams will be considered.
XI.—The Anatomy of the Head of a Fœtal African Elephant, Elephas africanus (Loxodonta africana)
Authors: Eales Nellie B. 
Published: January 2013

The following account of the anatomy of the head of a fœtal African Elephant was made possible by the acquisition of a single specimen, preserved immediately after extraction from the mother, who was shot in the Belgian Congo. As far as is known, this fœtus is the only well-preserved specimen in existence, the total number of fœtuses recorded since 1734 being twelve.Apart from the skeleton, our knowledge of the anatomy of present-day Proboscideans is very meagre. The dissection hitherto carried out has been either a hasty study of the complete adult carcase, or a more lengthy observation of preservedportionsof the animals. Both methods lead to inaccuracy, and provide an explanation of the numerous discrepancies in the accounts. When, therefore, the present Congo foetus was acquired by purchase from the Belgians who preserved it, and Professor D. M. S. WATSON kindly allowed me to have it for dissection, I determined to make the fullest possible use of this unique specimen. The dissection of the head was carried out under the Zeiss Binocular Dissecting Microscope, and sketches and photographs were prepared at intervals, so that every record should be kept.
XIV.—Magnetic Quality in Crystals. Part I. Discrimination of, and Stability in, Magnetic Lattices. Part II. Stability of Magnetic Lattices. Part III. Twinning in Crystals
Authors: Forrest J. 
Published: January 2013

This research was undertaken as an endeavour to build up a method of discrimination of magnetic lattices in crystalline substances. Theory, due to Professor Peddie, hereafter referred to and expanded in detail, gives an estimate of the intensity of Magnetisation in a co-directed system of regularly arranged magnetic doublets, such as we may regard a magnetised piece of crystalline substance to be composed of.When a magnetic field is applied to a crystalline portion of matter it is magnetised, not necessarily in the direction of the field, as would be the case if the substance were purely amorphous, but in general in some direction inclined to that of the magnetising field. This is due to the crystalline quality of the body, and the consequent internal inter-polar magnetic reactions. The saturation intensity of magnetisation in any plane is constant, but its obliquity to the field varies with the orientation of the field in the substance. The external field is assumed to be strong enough to co-direct all the molecular magnets; that is, to produce saturation.
XII.—The Structure of the Disturbed Deposits of Møens Klint, Denmark
Authors: Slater George 
Published: January 2013

In the summer of 1925 I paid a visit to Møen, a Danish island situated about 50 miles south of Copenhagen, for the purpose of studying the cliff sections.The particular object of the investigation was to ascertain how far the structure of the disturbed deposits of Møens Klint corresponded with that of the disturbed deposits of the Hadleigh Road Area, Ipswich (17, 20, 23), where the structure is strikingly analogous to that seen in Arctic glaciers; and, further, to ascertain whether the laws of structure formulated from the combined study of Arctic glaciers and disturbed glacial deposits were applicable to the Danish sections (21).During a preliminary traverse of the area I was accompanied by Mr V. Hintze, Inspector of the Geological and Mineralogical Museum, Copenhagen, and Mrs E. Mertz of the Danish Geological Survey, thanks to the courtesy of the Director, Dr V. Madsen.
XVII.—The Geology of Gigha
Authors: McCallien W. J. 
Published: January 2013

Gigha is a little-visited island off the western coast of Kintyre and between the latter and the island of Islay. It lies about 5¼ miles south-west of West Loch Tarbert, and a little over 1½ miles from the nearest point of Kintyre where the mainland runs out for 1½ miles in the low, sandy, raised beach of Runahaorine (figs. 1 and 10).The island is 6 miles in length from north-east to south-west, and has a greatest breadth of 2 miles. All round it are innumerable smaller isles, all elongated in the same direction as Gigha. Of these the most important are Cara, 1 mile from north-east to south-west by ½ mile in breadth, and Gigalum, ½ mile by ⅕ mile, and Craro, which is smaller still (figs. 2 and 10). The island forming Ardminish Point, on the eastern coast of Gigha, and Eilean Garbh, at the north-eastern end, will be dealt with here as if they were part of the main island, since at low tide they are connected with it by sandy isthmuses.
XXVIII.—The Stem-Endodermis in the Genus Piper
Authors: Bond George 
Published: January 2013

The stem of the various species of Piper is characterised by its anomalous vascular structure. Medullary bundles are present throughout the genus, and there is, in addition, a modified type of secondary thickening. During an investigation of these features my attention was called by Professor Montagu Drummond to certain endodermal characters which appeared to be of considerable interest and which suggested that a more extended investigation was desirable.Reference to the literature showed that the few earlier investigators of the genus had concerned themselves mainly with the peculiarities of the vascular system. J. E. Weiss (18) made some general observations on the occurrence of the endodermis in the genus, but no mention of the genus is made in the comprehensive monographs by Kroemer (8) and by Mylius (10) on the endodermis, or in the writings of Van Wisselingh. It would appear therefore that no detailed investigation of the endodermis in the genus has been carried out, in the past.
XVI.—The Innervation of the Uterus
Authors: Fleming Amy M. 
Published: January 2013

Our knowledge of the nature and mode of action of the nervous mechanism of the uterus is far from complete. The following paper is a continuation of that published by the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1927 (38).In that paper a short historical summary of the previous work was given. To expand this summary and fully analyse the further papers I have studied on the special points of my present communication would unduly lengthen this memoir. I will therefore confine myself to a brief abstract of my former results, and a short statement as to the present state of our knowledge. A full bibliography will be found at the close of this communication.
XXIII.—Geological Observations in South Georgia.
Authors: Ferguson D. 
Published: January 2013

In the investigation of a remote and isolated island for mineral and metalliferous deposits its geological structure and the character of the rock masses of which it is formed are of primary importance. Where the evidences of metalliferous deposits are more or less openly and widely exposed the geological structure, while still of interest, is not so important. Ore deposits, as a rule, occur in rock-bodies which have definite relations to each other, a characteristic geological structure.In the island of South Georgia, where the exposed evidences of metalliferous ores are very slight, the investigation of its rock-bodies, their character and geological structure, is a necessity. By making an examination of that kind, we endeavour to ascertain if there may be concealed ore-bodies which further exploratory prospecting may with a reasonable probability expose to view.
XXIV.—Scientific Results of the Voyage of S.Y. Scotia, 1902–04: The Crinoidea
Authors: Vaney C. , John D. Dilwyn 
Published: January 2013

La Scotia a recueilli, dans les régions antarctiques, un petit nombre de Crïnoides; mais cette collection, quoique restreinte, est intéressante et je regrette vivement que diverses circonstances, indépendantes de ma bonne volonté, ne m'aient pas permis d'en faire une étude complète.Parmi les formes libres se trouvent des exemplaires se rapportant à l'Isometra vivipara Mortensen, espèce incubatrice présentant, dans des pinnules élargies à leur base, des œufs en voie de développement et dont quelques cirres portent des larves au stade pentacrine. Ces exemplaires ont été recueillis au “Burdwood Bank,” comme ceux dont Anderson (1904) avait décrit le mode d'incubation sous l'appellation d'Antedon hirsuta Carpenter et qu'Austin Clark (1915, p. 146) présumait devoir être Isometra angustipinna (Carpenter) ou une forme voisine. Mais Mortensen (1918, p. 10) examinant les échantillons rapportés par l'Expédition antarctique suédoise de cette espèce incubatrice la considére comme nouvelle et la décrit sous le nom d'Isometra vivipara.
XI.—On some Fossil Plants from Teilia Quarry, Gwaenysgor, near Prestatyn, Flintshire
Authors: Kidston Robert 
Published: January 2013

Teilia Quarry, from which the fossils described in this paper have been collected, is situated about a quarter of a mile north-east of the village of Gwaenysgor, which is distant about five miles from Rhyl and one from Prestatyn.The geology of the district has been fully described by Mr G. H. Morton, F.G.S., from whose paper the following notes are compiled:—A considerable part of North Flintshire is occupied by a great development of limestone, which is generally referred to in writings on the subject as “Carboniferous Limestone.” It forms a tract of hilly ground, some of the higher points rising to a height of over 800 feet. These limestones lie immediately beneath the Cefn-y-Fedw sandstones, and occupy a hollow of considerable extent in Silurian strata.
XIII.—Hormonal Analysis of the Cyclic Variations in the Vascular Architecture of the Uterus of the Guinea-Pig
Authors: Bacsich P. , Wyburn G. M. 
Published: January 2013

In a recent publication on the cyclic variations of the vascular architecture of the uterus of the guinea-pig (1940) we recorded that antimesometric hypersemia is a regular and essential characteristic of the uterine changes which occur during heat, and commented on its significance as a factor influencing antimesometric implantation in this animal.A natural sequel to this work was to acquire additional evidence for our conclusions by the experimental production of antimesometric hyperæmia in the uterus of the spayed guinea-pig following treatment by injection of ovarian hormones; such evidence to be of value demands that the antimesometric hyperæmia so produced should be comparable to that of normal heat.
II.—The Archæan Rocks of the Rodil District, South Harris, Outer Hebrides
Authors: Davidson Charles F. 
Published: January 2013

The Archæan rocks of the southernmost part of the parish of Harris in the Outer Hebrides have long been known to include not only a wide variety of gneisses of igneous origin, but also a group of paragneisses which, along with presumably contemporaneous formations in Glenelg, Tiree, Iona and elsewhere, probably represent the most ancient sediments in Britain. Apart from early references by Macculloch (1819) and Heddle (1878, 1888, 1901), for practically all our present information on these gneisses we are indebted to Jehu and Craig (1927), who have made a reconnaissance survey over the whole chain of the Outer Hebrides and whose work forms the standard account of the geology of this region.The present paper gives a description of the gneisses around the village of Rodil, a district of somewhat complex petrography and metamorphic history. The paragneisses present include crystalline limestones, calc-silicate rocks, garnet-kyanite-gneisses, graphite-schists, quartzites, and other schistose and gneissose rocks less easily described by short titles. These sediments have been intruded by sills or sheets of basic to ultrabasic composition, now represented by gneisses of the composition of eclogite, garnet-amphibolite, amphibolite, peridotite, pyroxenite, saxonite, websterite, and a series of rocks referred to under the portmanteau name of metagabbro—types akin to pyroxene-granulites and basic charnockites, often garnet-bearing, but locally with pyroxene and garnet replaced to a varying extent by hornblende and biotite. There is also present a large mass of anorthosite-gneiss bordered by metagabbros, both the feldspathic and basic rocks bearing frequent schlieren of eclogite, garnet-amphibolite, and amphibolite. The complex is traversed locally by acid and basic pegmatite dykes and sheets.
VI.—Growth Stages in some Jurassic Ammonites
Authors: Currie Ethel D. 
Published: January 2013

Studies of the growth stages of some species of Promicroceras (Currie, 1942 and 1943) have led to similar inquiries into the growth stages of other genera. The choice of genera studied has been determined mainly by the material available; but fortunately the material available has provided an opportunity for investigation of a compressed fairly involute form (Witchellia) and some depressed involute forms (Cadoceras and some Sphaeroceratids) for comparison with the evolute Promicroceras.Most of the specimens used are from a collection of ammonites kept for study by Professor A. E. Trueman, to whom the writer is again indebted for material. Other specimens used are from the collection of the Hunterian Museum, Glasgow University. As usually happens in investigations of this kind, a number of the specimens cut had to be discarded owing to the structure being obliterated by calcification. As a result, the number of measurable sections available was smaller than one had hoped.
III.—On a Difficulty in the Theory of Rain.
Authors: Dalmahoy James 
Published: January 2013

Nearly a hundred years ago, Dr Heberden of London made the following experiment:—Having prepared three exactly similar rain-gauges, he placed one of them on the roof of Westminster Abbey, another on the roof of a neighbouring house, but at a much lower level, and the third in the garden of the same house. At the end of twelve months he found that the gauge on the roof of the Abbey had received 12·099 inches of rain, the gauge on the neighbouring house-top 18·139 inches, and the gauge on the ground 22·608 inches.This paradoxical result required, of course, to be confirmed by other observers, and in other localities; and the similar results obtained by Dobson, Dalton, Howard, and especially by Arago at the Paris Observatory, and by Phillips at York, have amply supplied all that was wanting in this respect.
XXVII.—Report on the Hourly Meteorological Register kept at Leith Fort in the Years 1826 and 1827
Authors: Brewster David 
Published: January 2013

Having already published in the Transactions a detailed report on the Hourly Meteorological Register kept at Leith Fort, at the expense of the Society, during the years 1824 and 1825, it is unnecessary to enter into any recapitulation respecting the origin and history of this class of observations.The singular and unexpected results obtained from these Registers, and the rapid approximation to general laws which some of these results exhibited, attached a great interest to the observations of future years; and it is satisfactory to find that the results for the two following years of 1826 and 1827 are almost perfectly coincident with those for 1824 and 1825, not only in their general relations, but even in their numerical laws.
II.—Spongiaires recueillis par la “Scotia” dans l'Antarctique (1903–1904)
Authors: Topsent Emile 
Published: January 2013

Depuis la publication de mon mémoire sur les Spongiaires de V Expedition antarctique nationale écossaise (9), j'ai reçu de M. le Dr. W. S. Bruce quelques Eponges antarctiques faisant aussi partie des collections de la Scotia mais dont le triage s'était trouve retardé.Indépendamment de fragments en double d'espèces mentionées dans mon mémoire, ce second lot contenait plusieurs formes qu'il me paraît utile de signaler ou de décrire.
XXIII.—The Glacial Deposits of Tullos and the Bay of Nigg, Aberdeen
Authors: Simpson Scott 
Published: January 2013

A series of extensive temporary exposures in glacial deposits, partially filling an abandoned valley of the River Dee immediately south of Torry Hill, Aberdeen, has thrown some light on the late glacial history of the Aberdeenshire coastal strip. These deposits consist of rather more than twenty feet of fine, well-stratified sediments, similar to sediments recorded in other parts of the city of Aberdeen, and at a number of points along the coast almost as far as Peterhead.These sediments, which were first mentioned by T. F. Jamieson (1858), were not differentiated by him from the red boulder clay found also in this area. A. Bremner (1915), the only worker to publish important communications on the glaciology of the area since Jamieson, has explained the sediments as deposits formed in glacial lakes when an ice-sheet filling the North Sea dammed the natural drainage. Bremner (1931) believed that three separate ice sheets had succeeded one another in North-East Scotland. The ice sheet responsible for damming up the waters in which the sediments under discussion were formed was the second of these. It moved in a northerly direction in this area, bringing with it erratics from the Old Red Sandstone of Strathmore. The third ice sheet was local. Movement was eastwards from the high ground towards the sea. According to Bremner, this ice failed to reach the coast at some points, as, for instance, immediately south of the Bay of Nigg. However, in the area of Aberdeen city this ice is supposed to have given rise to the morainic topography which backs the beach.
IV. On the Revolutions of the Earth's Surface
Authors: Hall James 
Published: January 2013

We are never more disposed to give credit to a philosophical system, than when we meet with a case of its successful application, unknown to the author, or containing circumstances which he had not taken into account when he formed that system.The facts brought forward in the following paper, which, according to my view of the subject, clearly indicate the operation of immense torrents, can be accounted for, I think, in a very satisfactory manner, by the Huttonian Theory, and consequently afford some very powerful arguments in support of it.
XXXII.—On the Temperature of certain Hot-Springs in the Pyrenees
Authors: Scoresby-Jackson R. E. 
Published: January 2013

Having determined to spend my autumn holiday in the Pyrenees, it occurred to me that I might add a link to a very interesting chain of observations which was begun by one of the Vice-Presidents of this Society in the year 1835. Twenty-eight years had elapsed since Principal Forbes made his careful observations of the temperatures of certain of the Pyrenean hot springs; and I thought that if I could repeat his experiments after so long an interval, the results might not be without some interest.A visit to the Pyrenees in the year 1835 was so far uncommon as to make a description of the places through which the traveller passed a source of entertainment to the general as well as the scientific reader; but now such description would be tedious. Then, too, some remarks were necessary touching the geological features of the localities where the springs existed; but it is unnecessary to repeat them now, for I am not aware that the explorations into the rocks in search of new springs, or of a more abundant supply of water from the older springs, have altered the relations as described by Principal Forbes. Therefore, respecting the natural aspect of the country, beautiful though it be, and its geological features, I shall have nothing to say; and as I have no new theory of the cause of thermal springs to propound, I need not repeat the speculations with which we are familiar.
X. Description of some Improvements in the Arms and Accoutrements of Light Cavalry
Authors: Ancram  
Published: January 2013

Sir,Some time in the month of July 1797, I had a carabine made at Drogheda, of different dimensions, and of a different construction from that of our Light Dragoons : the mode of carrying and of using it is likewise different; and, as I have had considerable experience of this carabine since that period, I take the liberty of recommending it to the notice of his Excellency the Lord Lieutenant, in order that a trial may be made, whether the adoption of such an arm might not be of advantage to the Light Cavalry.
XIV.—Of the Fourth and Sixth Nerves of the Brain;—being the concluding paper on the distinctions of the Nerves of the Encephalon and Spinal Marrow
Authors: Bell Charles 
Published: January 2013

Interesting as theoptical properties of the eye have been to philosophers in every age, there are conditions of this organ which are no less curious, and which have not had their share of attention.In the year 1823, I introduced the subject to the Royal Society of London, nearly in the terms I am now using, but there is much more in the subject than I then conceived, although I see no reason to change the mode of contemplating it.The eight muscles of the eye, and the five nerves, exclusive of the optic nerve, which pass to them, imply the complex nature of the apparatus exterior to the globe, and I fear it is too plain that the subject has not been satisfactorily treated.It is chiefly with respect to the protecting motions of the eye that the difficulty occurs, for I hope the dependence of the proper organ of vision on the voluntary muscles of the eye, has been proved and acknowledged.Permit me to draw the attention of the Society to what appears a very simple piece of anatomy, the circular muscle which closes the eyelids, orbicularis palpebrarum.