bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La Producción y la Publicación de Información Estadística Sobre Educación en la Argentina. Elementos para un Diagnóstico
Authors: Sánchez Belen 
Published: November 2014

Este estudio analiza la producción y la publicación de información estadística sobre Educación por parte de la Dirección Nacional de Información y Evaluación de la Calidad Educativa (DiNIECE), organismo estatal nacional productor de información educativa por excelencia. Previo repaso de las raíces históricas del organismo, el trabajo expone las dimensiones sobre las que el organismo releva información, identificando algunos vacíos y desafíos existentes. Luego estudia el corpus de publicaciones de esta Dirección desde la perspectiva del acceso a la información por parte del público en general, destacando los hallazgos salientes de la investigación. Logra así identificar un largo camino por recorrer en la materia, sobre todo en lo que respecta a la puesta a disposición del público de la información relevada. Así, el trabajo provee elementos clave para la construcción de un diagnóstico sobre la producción de información educativa en la Argentina.
Abandono Escolar en las Escuelas Secundarias Urbanas de Argentina: Nuevos Indicadores para el Planeamiento de Políticas de Inclusión Educativa
Authors: Steinberg Cora 
Published: November 2014

La Argentina ha asumido el compromiso de que todos los adolescentes y jóvenes terminen el nivel secundario. Si bien el acceso al nivel se ha incrementado significativamente en los últimos años, hay todavía serios problemas para lograr que todos permanezcan y egresen del nivel. La secundaria obligatoria constituye un desafío importante para el sistema educativo, o los sistemas educativos que lo constituyen. Es una meta que además de interpelar la disponibilidad de recursos materiales para ampliar la oferta, interpela fundamentalmente a la escuela, su cultura institucional, los actores involucrados y la propuesta pedagógica. El abandono escolar es sin duda el punto más crítico en este diagnóstico. Este trabajo tiene como objeto ampliar el diagnóstico sobre el abandono escolar que ocurre durante el año lectivo en las escuelas secundarias en Argentina. El análisis se centra en los establecimientos de gestión estatal del ámbito urbano, considerando el territorio y la configuración de su oferta. ¿Se produce el mismo nivel de abandono en todos los establecimientos del país? Los resultados del estudio indican que a partir del análisis del nivel de abandono de los establecimientos y la dispersión de este fenómeno observado en función de su distribución entre las escuelas, es posible identificar distintas situaciones. Los resultados muestran que se registran al menos cuatro tipos de escenarios que requieren de estrategias de política diferenciadas. Advierte sobre el nivel de heterogeneidad que presenta la oferta educativa del nivel en cada uno de los territorios y de la necesidad de profundizar el análisis de esta problemática junto con mayores datos sobre el contexto social e institucional de los establecimientos.
Experiencias escolares de jóvenes inmigrantes: una comparación de las políticas y prácticas educativas en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires y en Madrid
Authors: Beech Jason , Bravo-Moreno Ana 
Published: November 2014

Este trabajo compara las experiencias escolares de los hijos de inmigrantes de origen latinoamericano en Madrid y en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires a partir del análisis de los perfiles migratorios de las dos ciudades, de las políticas migratorias, las políticas educativas y de una serie de entrevistas que se hicieron con docentes y alumnos en escuelas estatales con altos porcentajes de estudiantes extranjeros. Tanto Madrid como la Ciudad de Buenos Aires han sufrido importantes cambios en sus perfiles y dinámicas migratorias en las últimas décadas. El crecimiento y mayor visibilidad de la pluralidad étnica en ciudades que se veían a sí mismas como homogéneas en términos culturales y étnicos han generado tensiones en los sistemas educativos. El artículo muestra que en ambas ciudades el enfoque general a través del cual se resuelve la educación de los estudiantes inmigrantes se basa en la idea de la asimilación de los extranjeros a una cultura dominante imaginaria que se percibe como cerrada y estática. Dentro de este abordaje general, en ambas ciudades se da una falta de reconocimiento de las necesidades especiales de los alumnos inmigrantes, aunque de formas muy diferentes en cada uno de estos lugares.
Mordell–Weil groups of elliptic threefolds
and the Alexander module of plane curves
Authors: Cogolludo-Agustín Jose-Ignacio , Libgober Anatoly 
Published: November 2014

Abstract

We establish a correspondence between
the rank of Mordell–Weil group of the complex
elliptic threefold associated with
a plane curve 𝒞 ⊂ ℙ2(𝔻) with equation F = 0,
certain roots of the Alexander polynomial associated with the
fundamental group π1(ℙ2(𝔻)∖𝒞)
and the polynomial solutions
for the functional equation of type
h
1

p

F
1 + h
2

q

F
2 + h
3

r

F
3 = 0
where
F = F
1
F
2
F
3. This correspondence is obtained for curves
in a certain class which includes the curves having
introduced here δ-essential singularities and in particular
for all curves with ADE singularities.

As a consequence we find a linear bound for the
degree of the
Alexander polynomial in terms of the degree of 𝒞 for curves with
δ-essential singularities and in particular arbitrary
ADE singularities.
Gender Images in EFL Textbooks
Authors: Wang Wenqin 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Textbooks, authorized by the national education agency to be major teaching materials used in schools in China, are a kind of cultural capital. Textbooks assimilate and spread the culture of a certain society, which standardizes and restricts the compilation of textbooks. The culture of a society, especially the main ideology inevitably permeates textbooks. Therefore, what content is chosen in textbooks, how to organize the knowledge and how to present it to the target readers and evaluate it，are surely influenced by ideology. And the influence is neither obvious nor hidden. EFL teaching materials, the bridge between students and their teachers, are indispensable from English language instruction. Within the framework of Critical Linguistics, this paper studies the complicated relationship between language, power and ideology, based on one of the widely used EFL textbooks in Mainland China Fun with English. It tries to expose hidden sexism in Fun with English through quantitative analysis, textual analysis and comparative analysis. Moreover, it shows how sexist EFL teaching material affects their users and tentatively suggests several practical suggestions for overcoming negative effects of such materials.
On the asymptotic normality of the number of empty cells in a scheme of group allocation of particles
Authors: Chistyakov Vladimir P. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe paper is concerned with a scheme of m-dependent allocation of non-equiprobable groups of particles into cells. It is assumed that the number of groups and the number of cells tend to infinity and are of the same order. Asymptotic formulas for expectation and variance are obtained and sufficient conditions for the asymptotic normality of the number of empty cells in this scheme are formulated.
Gerechtigkeit bauen – Variationen mit Hume
Authors: Leist Anton 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Among philosophers and social scientists, Hume’s idea of justice is generally identified with a system of rules based on mutual advantage, their moral quality playing either an insignificant or no part at all. This conventional or contractarian model, respectively, is not adequate to the special institution of morality or, in Hume, to the virtues, artificial or natural. It is not self-interest but sympathy in combination with the indirect passions of pride and humility that gives conventions their moral quality and social relevance. This article suggests exegetic and systematic reasons for the normative importance of Hume’s moral psychology, which should open the way to a developing morality much more in agreement with actual Western societies than a static morality based on self-interest would allow.
‚Aus Not handeln‘
Authors: Thyen Anke 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The idea of an ethics of extreme emergency follows from the suspicion that what is morally permitted in the ordinary course of events could not cover what may seem supposedly morally required in a situation of emergency. There is claimed to be a demand for an ethics that gives reasons for moral permission for actions beyond what is generally morally permitted. The paper (1) provides reasons for the argument that what is generally morally permitted does cover what is morally permitted in situations of emergency and (2) states that the rejection of (1) entails a profound undermining of the ordinary moral code, the only resource available to legitimate action seemingly being beyond this code.
Notsituationen als Herausforderung für die Moralphilosophie
Authors: Wittwer Héctor 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The fact that the topic of emergency situations has been neglected almost completely by ethical theory raises the question why normative ethics has had so little to say about extreme situations so far. One can assume that this disinterest is not due to the rarity of emergency situations but rather to their peculiar properties. All ethical theories rest on the premise that moral agents make the most of their decisions under normal circumstances. The aim of the paper is to answer the question whether or not normative ethics is able to adequately evaluate emergency situations. In order to do this, different types of extreme situations must be distinguished. It is argued that, on the one hand, self-defence and agreements by which all the participants refrain from certain of their rights in order to enable some of them to survive are morally unproblematic. On the other hand, there are emergency situations that do not allow for a solution which would be morally acceptable to all of the involved persons. Hence, morality itself can be unacceptable under extreme circumstances.
A parallel Crank–Nicolson finite difference method for time-fractional parabolic equation
Authors: Sweilam N. H. , Moharram H. , Moniem N. K. Abdel , Ahmed S. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract- In this paper, a parallel Crank-Nicolson finite difference method (C-N-FDM) for time-fractional parabolic equation on a distributed system using MPI is investigated. The fractional derivative is described in the Caputos sense. The resultant large system of equations is studied using preconditioned conjugate gradient method (PCG), with the implementation of cluster computing on it. The proposed approach fulfills the suitability for the implementation on Linux PC cluster through the minimization of inter-process communication. To examine the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method, numerical test experiment using different number of nodes of the Linux PC cluster is studied. The performance metrics clearly show the benefit of using the proposed approach on the Linux PC cluster in terms of execution time reduction and speedup with respect to the sequential running in a single PC.
Diabetic euglycemic ketoacidosis in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus during Ramadan fasting
Authors: Baş Veysel Nijat , Uytun Salih , Torun Yasemin Altuner 
Published: November 2014

AbstractReal euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis [DKA; blood glucose <200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L)] is rare, and long-lasting starvation conditions due to intervening diseases in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients may also cause it. Euglycemic DKA is also reported in insulin-dependent diabetics with depression, alcoholics, glycogen storage diseases, and chronic liver disease apart from pregnant cases. This case report is presented to emphasize the importance of evaluation of acid-base state, urine glucose, and ketone values at the application in all newly diagnosed type 1 diabetic patients with normal glucose levels by defining euglycemic DKA that resulted from long-lasting starvation during Ramadan fasting in a newly diagnosed 14-year-old male patient.
Interleukin-2 in Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Has-Been or a Still-Viable Option?
Authors: Amin Asim , White Richard L 
Published: November 2014

Modulation of the immune response plays an important role in the natural history of renal cell carcinoma. Spontaneous regression of metastases has been well documented in a small percentage of patients after they undergo de-bulking nephrectomy without any additional systemic intervention. The only logical explanation for these observations is “resetting” of the balance between tumor and the host immune system that, having been overwhelmed by the tumor burden, is able to function better after tumor de-bulking. Attempts to modulate the activity of the immune system “on demand” have included the use of vaccines, cytokines/lymphokines, adoptive cell transfer, monoclonal antibodies and most recently manipulation of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Here we review the data for infusional interleukin-2 in the management of advanced renal cell carcinoma and its role in current clinical practice.
Infant Feeding in Relation to Islet Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes in Genetically Susceptible Children: The MIDIA Study
Authors: Lund-Blix Nicolai A. , Stene Lars C. , Rasmussen Trond , Torjesen Peter A. , Andersen Lene F. , Rønningen Kjersti S. 
Published: November 2014

OBJECTIVE
We aimed to study the association of breast-feeding duration and age at the introduction of solid foods with the risk of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes in genetically susceptible children.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Newborns were recruited from the Norwegian general population during 2001–2007. After genetic screening of nearly 50,000 newborns, 908 children with the high-risk HLA genotype were followed up with blood samples and questionnaires at age 3, 6, 9, and 12 months and then annually. Complete infant diet data were available for 726 children.

RESULTS
Any breast-feeding for 12 months or longer predicted a decreased risk of developing type 1 diabetes compared with any breast-feeding for less than 12 months before and after adjusting for having a first-degree relative with type 1 diabetes, vitamin D supplementation, maternal education, sex, and delivery type (hazard ratio 0.37 [95% CI 0.15–0.93]). Any breast-feeding for 12 months or longer was not associated with islet autoimmunity but predicted a lower risk of progression from islet autoimmunity to type 1 diabetes (hazard ratio 0.35 [95% CI 0.13–0.94]). Duration of full breast-feeding was not significantly associated with the risk of islet autoimmunity or type 1 diabetes nor was age at introduction of solid foods or breast-feeding at the time of introduction of any solid foods.

CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that breast-feeding for 12 months or longer predict a lower risk of progression from islet autoimmunity to type 1 diabetes among genetically predisposed children.
Demonstration of an Intrinsic Relationship Between Endogenous C-Peptide Concentration and Determinants of Glycemic Control in Type 1 Diabetes Following Islet Transplantation
Authors: Brooks Augustin M. , Oram Richard , Home Philip , Steen Nick , Shaw James A.M. 
Published: November 2014

OBJECTIVE
Maintenance of endogenous pancreatic β-cell function could be an important goal in the management of type 1 diabetes. However, the impact of stimulated C-peptide level on overall glycemic control is unknown. The relationship between C-peptide and parameters of glucose control was therefore characterized in a cohort with rapidly changing β-cell function following islet transplantation.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Standardized mixed-meal tolerance test was undertaken in 12 consecutive islet recipients at 1–6-month intervals, with graft function determined by 90-min stimulated C-peptide. Continuous glucose monitoring was undertaken in the week preceding each assessment and the relationship between C-peptide and glucose control evaluated by mixed Poisson regression.

RESULTS
Recipients completed 5 (1–14) [median (range)] clinical assessments over 18 (1–51) months posttransplant encompassing a wide range of stimulated C-peptide levels (7–2,622 pmol/L). Increasing β-cell function across predefined C-peptide groups was associated with reduced insulin dose, HbA1c, mean glucose (low [&lt;200 pmol/L] 10.7 vs. excellent [&gt;1,000 pmol/L] 7.5 mmol/L), and glucose SD (low, 4.4 vs. excellent, 1.4 mmol/L). Highly statistically significant continuous associations between stimulated C-peptide and mean interstitial glucose (lower by 2.5% [95% CI 1.5–3.5%] per 100 pmol/L higher C-peptide), glucose SD, time outside glucose target range, and measures of hyper-/hypoglycemia risk were confirmed.

CONCLUSIONS
Repeated assessment of islet transplant recipients has enabled modeling of the relationship between endogenous β-cell function and measures of glycemic control providing quantitative estimates of likely impact of an acute change in β-cell function in individuals with type 1 diabetes.
(Fuzzy) Isomorphism Theorems of Soft Γ-Hyperrings
Authors: Zhan Jianming , Davvaz B. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Soft set theory, introduced by Molodtsov, has been considered as an effective mathematical tool for modeling uncertainties. In this paper, we apply soft sets to Γ-hyperrings. The concept of soft Γ-hyperrings is first introduced. Then three iso-morphism theorems of soft Γ-hyperrings are established. Finally, we derive three fuzzy isomorphism theorems of soft Γ-hyperrings.
Pedigree Analysis of Top Milk Yielding Cows
Authors: Sobek Zbigniew , Różańska-Zawieja Jolanta , Nienartowicz-Zdrojewska Anna , Dybionka Beata 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The aim of the research was to identify the sires that left the greatest number of cows with lifetime yield over 100 000 kg of milk, and to indicate the pedigree relations among these sires. The population analysed was of Dutch origin. The database covered the years 1950-2012 and comprised the information on 22 429 HF (Holstein-Friesian) cows with lifetime yield exceeding 100 000 kg of milk. They were the progeny of 3 888 sires. The conducted analysis proved that some bulls sire more top yielding cows (including those with the lifetime yield of 100 000 kg of milk or above) than others. Some of those sires were related to one another, and the ancestors of bulls that sired the greatest number of daughters belonged to the sire lines known worldwide.
Effects of Flock Size in Broilers Reared in a Floor System on Performance, Some Blood Parameters, Bone Quality and Musculus Pectoralis Ph Level
Authors: Simsek Ulku Gulcihan , Ozhan Nejla 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
This research was conducted to compare performance, some blood parameters, bone quality and musculus pectoralis pH level in broiler flocks containing 15,000 (I), 25,000 (II) and 35,000 (III) birds. For this purpose, two different flocks from each capacity were simultaneously observed throughout two growth periods in summer and autumn seasons. A total of 20 broilers (10 males and 10 females) per different flock capacity, having stable live weight were selected on 32nd day of growing period. Broiler chickens were slaughtered by decapitation and their blood samples were drained into special tubes. Musculus pectoralis pH measurement was performed ten minutes after slaughter. Bones were extracted from meat and analyzed. Live weights of groups on days 1, 7, 14, 21, 28 and on the day of slaughter were similar to each other (P>0.05). The mortality rate was lower in group I (P≤0.01). Feed efficiency deteriorated negligibly in group III (P=0.078). Serum glucose and uric acid levels were high in group III (P≤0.01). Intergroup differences in serum total cholesterol, very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL), triglycerides, protein levels and enzyme activities of alkaline phosphatase and creatine kinase were statistically insignificant (P>0.05). Dimensions, weights and ash level of tibia and femur, bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) of tibia were observed to have similar values among the groups (P>0.05). Musculus
pectoralis pH level in groups I, II and III was determined as 5.93, 5.94 and 6.13, respectively (P≤0.05).
Spectrum of Surgically Treated Thyroid Carcinoma in Latvia
Authors: Strumfa Ilze , Gailis Didzis , Vasko Ervins , Vanags Andrejs , Ozolins Arturs , Franckevica Ivanda , Bogdanova Tatjana , Gardovskis Janis 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Introduction Health care statistics provides a solid evidence of increasing thyroid cancer prevalence in Latvia. However, in order to characterise the problem of thyroid cancer more completely, histological type and stage of carcinomas as well as demographic characteristics of the affected patients would be as important as the total burden of new cases.
Aim of the study was to provide detailed characteristics of the spectrum of surgically treated primary thyroid carcinoma.
Materials and methods. The study was designed as retrospective research. Archives of a single university hospital were searched for consecutive, surgically treated or histologically proved cases of primary thyroid carcinoma (2008 - 2012). Each case was characterised by histological type, local tumour spread, largest diameter of the carcinoma, patient’s age and sex as well as extent of surgical treatment. Descriptive statistics was carried out by CIA software.
Results. Archive search yielded 323 primary thyroid carcinoma cases, including 255 cases (78.9%; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 74.2 - 83.0) of papillary carcinoma, 54 cases (16.7%; 95% CI = 13.1 - 21.2%) of follicular carcinoma and 7 cases (2.2%; 95% CI = 1.1 - 4.4%) of medullary and anaplastic carcinoma. Although the youngest cases (aged 18 and 20 years) were diagnosed with papillary and follicular carcinoma, respectively, the mean age did not show statistically significant differences between the groups. Strong female predominance was observed regardless of cancer type. Regarding local tumour spread, pT1a was significantly more frequent in papillary carcinoma: 50.2% (95% CI = 44.1 - 56.3) in contrast to 18.5% (95% CI = 10.4 - 28.9) in case of follicular carcinoma. Total thyroidectomy was the most frequent type of operation that was applied for 28.6 - 71.4% cases in relation to histological type.
Conclusions. This is the first research work in Latvia that comprehends the overall review of the morphological spectrum of thyroid carcinoma in the surgical material. Papillary and follicular carcinomas are the most frequently identified types in accordance with the global data. Much less common morphological forms of thyroid tumours were also diagnosed - medullary carcinoma and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. The large mean diameter of follicular carcinoma in the surgery material and the fact that more than half of follicular carcinomas are revealed as pT2-T3 tumours highlights the necessity for up-to-dated diagnostics and elaboration of reliable novel molecular tests.