bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical and pharmacological standardization of Ashwagandhadi lehyam: an ayurvedic formulation
Authors: Rasheed Arun , Satyanarayana K.V. , Gulabi P. Swetha , Rao M. Sindhura 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Standardization is an important measurement for ensuring the quality control of herbal drugs. It has become essential to develop reliable, specific and sensitive quality control methods. One of the prime ingredients of Ashwagandhadi lehyam is Withania somnifera L. Dunal (Solanaceae) (ashwagandha). In the present study, Ashwagandhadi lehyam was formulated and the quality assessment of the formulation was based on phytochemical screening and physico-chemical evaluation. Ashwagandhadi lehyam was formulated according to a working formula and subjected to phytochemical screening by FTIR analysis and HPTLC fingerprinting, heavy metal determination by AAS, determination of alcohol content, tested for Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, aerobic bacteria, yeasts and mould, oral toxicity studies and anti-epileptic activity by MES method. The physico-chemical studies showed total ash content as 6.45%, extractive values and some trace elements such as lead, mercury, cadmium and arsenic with 3.2, 0.05, 0.18 and 0.48 ppm, respectively. FTIR and HPTLC studies revealed the presence of functional groups of withanolides in Ashwagandhadi lehyam, resulting in its chemical standardization. The formulation exhibited less epileptic seizures in various phases when compared with that of standard phenytoin and found to possess better anti-inflammatory activity, thus making it biologically standardized. The physico-chemical and pharmacological analysis to standardize Ashwagandhadi lehyam confirmed its use as a safe anti-inflammatory agent and for various seizure disorders.
Questioning size effects as predicted by strain gradient plasticity
Authors: Forest Samuel 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe analytical solution of the elastic-plastic response of a two-phase laminate microstructure subjected to periodic simple shear loading conditions is derived considering strain gradient and micromorphic plasticity models successively. One phase remains purely elastic, whereas the second one displays an isotropic elastic-plastic behavior. Although no classic hardening is introduced at the individual phase level, the laminate is shown to exhibit an overall linear hardening scaling with the inverse of the square of the cell size. The micromorphic model leads to a saturation of the hardening at small length scales in contrast to Aifantis strain gradient plasticity model displaying unlimited hardening. The models deliver qualitatively relevant size effects from the physical metallurgical point of view, but fundamental quantitative discrepancy is pointed out and discussed, thus requiring the development of more realistic nonlinear equations in strain gradient plasticity.
Holey fibers for low bend loss
Authors: Nakajima Kazuhide , Saito Kotaro , Yamada Yusuke , Kurokawa Kenji , Shimizu Tomoya , Fukai Chisato , Matsui Takashi 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBending-loss insensitive fiber (BIF) has proved an essential medium for constructing the current fiber to the home (FTTH) network. By contrast, the progress that has been made on holey fiber (HF) technologies provides us with novel possibilities including non-telecom applications. In this paper, we review recent progress on hole-assisted type BIF. A simple design consideration is overviewed. We then describe some of the properties of HAF including its mechanical reliability. Finally, we introduce some applications of HAF including to high power transmission. We show that HAF with a low bending loss has the potential for use in various future optical technologies as well as in the optical communication network.
Genomic Sequence Diversity and Population Structure ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaeAssessed by RAD-seq
Authors: Cromie Gareth A , Hyma Katie E , Ludlow Catherine L , Garmendia-Torres Cecilia , Gilbert Teresa L , May Patrick , Huang Angela A , Dudley Aimée M , Fay Justin C 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is important for human food production and as a model organism for biological research. The genetic diversity contained in the global population of yeast strains represents a valuable resource for a number of fields, including genetics, bioengineering, and studies of evolution and population structure. Here, we apply a multiplexed, reduced genome sequencing strategy (restriction site−associated sequencing or RAD-seq) to genotype a large collection of S. cerevisiae strains isolated from a wide range of geographical locations and environmental niches. The method permits the sequencing of the same 1% of all genomes, producing a multiple sequence alignment of 116,880 bases across 262 strains. We find diversity among these strains is principally organized by geography, with European, North American, Asian, and African/S. E. Asian populations defining the major axes of genetic variation. At a finer scale, small groups of strains from cacao, olives, and sake are defined by unique variants not present in other strains. One population, containing strains from a variety of fermentations, exhibits high levels of heterozygosity and a mixture of alleles from European and Asian populations, indicating an admixed origin for this group. We propose a model of geographic differentiation followed by human-associated admixture, primarily between European and Asian populations and more recently between European and North American populations. The large collection of genotyped yeast strains characterized here will provide a useful resource for the broad community of yeast researchers.
Coupling Between Noise and Plasticity in E. coli
Authors: Singh Gajinder Pal 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Expression levels of genes vary not only between different environmental conditions (“plasticity”) but also between genetically identical cells in constant environment (“noise”). Intriguingly, these two measures of gene expression variability correlate positively with each other in yeast. This coupling was found to be particularly strong for genes with specific promoter architecture (TATA box and high nucleosome occupancy) but weak for genes in which high noise may be detrimental (e.g., essential genes), suggesting that noise–plasticity coupling is an evolvable trait in yeast and may constrain evolution of gene expression and promoter usage. Recently, similar genome-wide data on noise and plasticity have become available for Escherichia coli, providing the opportunity to study noise–plasticity correlation and its mechanism in a prokaryote, which follows a fundamentally different mode of transcription regulation than a eukaryote such as yeast. Using these data, I found significant positive correlation between noise and plasticity in E. coli. Furthermore, this coupling was highly influenced by the following: level of expression; essentiality and dosage sensitivity of genes; regulation by specific nucleoid-associated proteins, transcription factors, and sigma factors; and involvement in stress response. Many of these features are analogous to those found to influence noise–plasticity coupling in yeast. These results not only show the generality of noise–plasticity coupling across phylogenetically distant organisms but also suggest that its mechanism may be similar.
RNA-Guided Genome Editing for Target Gene Mutations in Wheat
Authors: Upadhyay Santosh Kumar , Kumar Jitesh , Alok Anshu , Tuli Rakesh 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) system has been used as an efficient tool for genome editing. We report the application of CRISPR-Cas–mediated genome editing to wheat (Triticum aestivum), the most important food crop plant with a very large and complex genome. The mutations were targeted in the inositol oxygenase (inox) and phytoene desaturase (pds) genes using cell suspension culture of wheat and in the pds gene in leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana. The expression of chimeric guide RNAs (cgRNA) targeting single and multiple sites resulted in indel mutations in all the tested samples. The expression of Cas9 or sgRNA alone did not cause any mutation. The expression of duplex cgRNA with Cas9 targeting two sites in the same gene resulted in deletion of DNA fragment between the targeted sequences. Multiplexing the cgRNA could target two genes at one time. Target specificity analysis of cgRNA showed that mismatches at the 3′ end of the target site abolished the cleavage activity completely. The mismatches at the 5′ end reduced cleavage, suggesting that the off target effects can be abolished in vivo by selecting target sites with unique sequences at 3′ end. This approach provides a powerful method for genome engineering in plants.
The Design and Execution of an Alkaline/Surfactant/Polymer Pilot Test
Authors: Sharma A.. , Azizi-Yarand A.. , Clayton B.. , Baker G.. , McKinney P.. , Britton C.. , Delshad M.. , Pope G.. 
Published: October 2013

Summary
A tertiary alkaline/surfactant/polymer (ASP) pilot flood was implemented during 2010 in the Illinois basin of the US, and is continuing currently. With initial discovery of the Bridgeport sandstone formation in the early 1900s and more than 60 years of waterflooding, the pilot was designed to demonstrate that ASP flooding could produce sufficient quantities of incremental oil to sanction a commercial project. Laboratory experiments, including corefloods, were performed to determine the optimal chemical formulation for the pilot and to provide essential parameters for a numerical-simulation model. Polymer-injectivity tests, single well chemical tracer tests (SWCTTs), and an interwell-tracer-test (IWTT) program were all performed to prepare for and support a full interpretation of the pilot results. A field laboratory was run through the duration of the pilot to monitor the quality of the injection and production fluids, which turned out to be critical to the success of the pilot. We present the results and interpretation of the ASP pilot to date, the challenges faced during the project, and the lessons learned from the field perspective.
The Impact of Thermogas Technologies on the Bazhenov Formation Studies Results
Authors: Kokorev V. I. , Darischev V. I. , Ahmadeyshin I. A. , Schekoldin K. A. , Bokserman A. A. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
At present time; there is change in the structure of Russian oil raw materials production by increasing the share of hard and unconventional hydrocarbons.
The main reserves of unconventional hydrocarbon deposits in Russia are concentrated in Bazhenov Formation (BF). BF deposits occur at depths 2500–3000 m, the thickness is from 10 to 44 meters. Reservoir temperature varies from 80 º C to 134 º C. BF deposits are similar to the oil shale, but their distinguishing feature is that the process of converting organic matter into oil is not complete yet. So alongside with light oil, collector contains hydrocarbons directly in the form of the rock-forming constituent parts, called kerogen.
Thus, the organic part of the BF is presented in two forms: liquid hydrocarbons – light oil with an average grade of 7.2% of the volume of rock and kerogen with an average grade of 23.3% of the rock volume.
Kerogen is the main part of the organic material in the sediments of the Bazhenov Formation and is considered as a substance that generates on stage katagenesis major amount of oil and gas.
BF Hydrocarbon resources are estimated in 50 to 150 billion tonnes according to many experts.
At the present time BF hydrocarbon resources is used inefficiently. Experience shows that the use of traditional methods of development has led to the recovery of only 3–5% of oil contained in the pore space.
OJSC "RITEK" is developing thermogas technology, taking into account the huge potential of the production of hydrocarbons from the BF.
The most important condition for applying thermogas impact on the rocks of the BF is based on the field and laboratory results that the filtration and capacitive characteristics of rocks of the BF is largely determined by the level of temperature (Fig.1).
For all types of kerogenic rocks noted an increase in porosity and permeability, the initial flow rate, cumulative production, hence the drainage area with the increase in temperature.
Numerous experimental studies have shown that increasing the micropore (matrix) temperature to 250–350 not only allow to produce 70–80% of the initially contained therein light oil but to convert part of kerogen in hydrocarbons (Fig.2).
Radiocarbon Calibration/Comparison Records Based on Marine Sediments from the Pakistan and Iberian Margins
Authors: Bard Edouard , Ménot Guillemette , Rostek Frauke , Licari Laetitia , Böning Philipp , Edwards R Lawrence , Cheng Hai , Wang Yongjin , Heaton Timothy J 
Published: October 2013

We present a new record of radiocarbon ages measured by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) on a deep-sea core collected off the Pakistan Margin. The 14C ages measured on the planktonic foraminifera Globigerinoides ruber from core MD04-2876 define a high and stable sedimentation rate on the order of 50 cm/kyr over the last 50 kyr. The site is distant from the main upwelling zone of the western Arabian Sea where 14C reservoir age is large and may be variable. Many independent proxies based on elemental analyses, mineralogy, biomarkers, isotopic proxies, and foraminiferal abundances show abrupt changes correlative with Dansgaard-Oeschger and Heinrich events. It is now common knowledge that these climatic events also affected the Arabian Sea during the last glacial period through changes in the Indian monsoon and in ventilation at intermediate depths. The stratigraphic agreement between all proxies, from fine- to coarse-size fractions, indicates that the foraminiferal 14C ages are representative of the different sediment fractions.To build a calendar age scale for core MD04-2876, we matched its climate record to the oxygen isotopic (δ18O) profile of Hulu Cave stalagmites that have been accurately dated by U-Th (Wang et al. 2001; Southon et al. 2012; Edwards et al., submitted). Both archives exhibit very similar signatures, even for century-long events linked to monsoonal variations. For comparison, we have also updated our previous work on core MD95-2042 from the Iberian Margin (Bard et al. 2004a,b,c), whose climate record has likewise been tuned to the high-resolution δ18O Hulu Cave profile. Sophisticated and novel statistical techniques were used to interpolate ages and calculate uncertainties between chronological tie-points (Heaton et al. 2013, this issue). The data from the Pakistan and Iberian margins compare well even if they come from distant sites characterized by different oceanic conditions. Collectively, the data also compare well with the IntCal09 curve, except for specific intervals around 16 cal kyr BP and from 28 to 31 cal kyr BP. During these intervals, the data indicate that 14C is somewhat older than indicated by the IntCal09 curve. Agreement between the data from both oceanic sites suggests that the discrepancy is not due to local changes of sea-surface 14C reservoir ages, but rather that the IntCal09 curve needed to be updated in these intervals as has been done in the framework of IntCal13 (Reimer et al. 2013a, this issue).
Design of unknown input fractional-order observers for fractional-order systems
Authors: N’Doye Ibrahima , Darouach Mohamed , Voos Holger , Zasadzinski Michel 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
This paper considers a method of designing fractional-order observers for continuous-time linear fractional-order systems with unknown inputs. Conditions for the existence of these observers are given. Sufficient conditions for the asymptotical stability of fractional-order observer errors with the fractional order α satisfying 0 < α < 2 are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Two numerical examples are given to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach, where the fractional order α belongs to 1≤α<2 and 0<α≤1, respectively. A stability analysis of the fractional-order error system is made and it is shown that the fractional-order observers are as stable as their integer order counterpart and guarantee better convergence of the estimation error.
Nonlinear state observers and extended Kalman filters for battery systems
Authors: Rauh Andreas , Butt Saif S. , Aschemann Harald 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The focus of this paper is to develop reliable observer and filtering techniques for finite-dimensional battery models that adequately describe the charging and discharging behaviors. For this purpose, an experimentally validated battery model taken from the literature is extended by a mathematical description that represents parameter variations caused by aging.
The corresponding disturbance models account for the fact that neither the state of charge, nor the above-mentioned parameter variations are directly accessible by measurements. Moreover, this work provides a comparison of the performance of different observer and filtering techniques as well as a development of estimation procedures that guarantee a reliable detection of large parameter variations. For that reason, different charging and discharging current profiles of batteries are investigated by numerical simulations. The estimation procedures considered in this paper are, firstly, a nonlinear Luenberger-type state observer with an offline calculated gain scheduling approach, secondly, a continuous-time extended Kalman filter and, thirdly, a hybrid extended Kalman filter, where the corresponding filter gains are computed online.
Robust nonlinear observer design for actuator fault detection in diesel engines
Authors: Boulkroune Boulaid , Djemili Issam , Aitouche Abdel , Cocquempot Vincent 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
This paper is concerned with actuator fault detection in nonlinear systems in the presence of disturbances. A nonlinear unknown input observer is designed and the output estimation error is used as a residual for fault detection. To deal with the problem of high Lipschitz constants, a modified mean-value theorem is used to express the nonlinear error dynamics as a convex combination of known matrices with time-varying coefficients. Moreover, the disturbance attenuation is performed using a modified H∞ criterion. A sufficient condition for the existence of an unknown input observer is obtained using a linear matrix inequality formula, and the observer gains are obtained by solving the corresponding set of inequalities. The advantages of the proposed method are that no a priori assumption on the unknown input is required and that it can be applied to a large class of nonlinear systems. Performances of the proposed approach are shown through the application to a diesel engine model.
An adaptive output feedback motion tracking controller for robot manipulators: Uniform global asymptotic stability and experimentation
Authors: Yarza Antonio , Santibanez Victor , Moreno-Valenzuela Javier 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
This paper deals with two important practical problems in motion control of robot manipulators: the measurement of joint velocities, which often results in noisy signals, and the uncertainty of parameters of the dynamic model. Adaptive output feedback controllers have been proposed in the literature in order to deal with these problems. In this paper, we prove for the first time that Uniform Global Asymptotic Stability (UGAS) can be obtained from an adaptive output feedback tracking controller, if the reference trajectory is selected in such a way that the regression matrix is persistently exciting. The new scheme has been experimentally implemented with the aim of confirming the theoretical results.
A fuzzy approach to option pricing in a Levy process setting
Authors: Nowak Piotr , Romaniuk Maciej 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
In this paper the problem of European option valuation in a Levy process setting is analysed. In our model the underlying asset follows a geometric Levy process. The jump part of the log-price process, which is a linear combination of Poisson processes, describes upward and downward jumps in price. The proposed pricing method is based on stochastic analysis and the theory of fuzzy sets.We assume that some parameters of the financial instrument cannot be precisely described and therefore they are introduced to the model as fuzzy numbers. Application of fuzzy arithmetic enables us to consider various sources of uncertainty, not only the stochastic one. To obtain the European call option pricing formula we use the minimal entropy martingale measure and Levy characteristics.
Spectral Mapping Using Kernel Principal Components Regression for Voice Conversion
Authors: Song Peng , Zhao Li , Bao Yongqiang 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The Gaussian mixture model (GMM) method is popular and efficient for voice conversion (VC), but it is often subject to overfitting. In this paper, the principal component regression (PCR) method is adopted for the spectral mapping between source speech and target speech, and the numbers of principal components are adjusted properly to prevent the overfitting. Then, in order to better model the nonlinear relationships between the source speech and target speech, the kernel principal component regression (KPCR) method is also proposed. Moreover, a KPCR combined with GMM method is further proposed to improve the accuracy of conversion. In addition, the discontinuity and oversmoothing problems of the traditional GMM method are also addressed. On the one hand, in order to solve the discontinuity problem, the adaptive median filter is adopted to smooth the posterior probabilities. On the other hand, the two mixture components with higher posterior probabilities for each frame are chosen for VC to reduce the oversmoothing problem. Finally, the objective and subjective experiments are carried out, and the results demonstrate that the proposed approach shows greatly better performance than the GMM method. In the objective tests, the proposed method shows lower cepstral distances and higher identification rates than the GMM method. While in the subjective tests, the proposed method obtains higher scores of preference and perceptual quality.
Matched-field Source Localization with a Mobile Short Horizontal Linear Array in Offshore Shallow Water
Authors: Zhao Dexin , Huang Zhiping , Su Shaojing , Li Ting 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Passive source localization in shallow water has always been an important and challenging problem. Implementing scientific research, surveying, and monitoring using a short, less than ten meter long, horizontal linear array has received considerable attention in the recent years. The short array can be conveniently placed on autonomous underwater vehicles and deployed for adaptive spatial sampling. However, it is usually difficult to obtain a sufficient spatial gain for localizing long-range sources due to its limited physical size. To address this problem, a localization approach is proposed which is based on matched-field processing of the likelihood of the passive source localization in shallow water, as well as inter-position processing for the improved localization performance and the enhanced stability of the estimation process. The ability of the proposed approach is examined through the two-dimensional synthetic test cases which involves ocean environmental mismatch and position errors of the short array. The presented results illustrate the localization performance for various source locations at different signal- to-noise ratios and demonstrate the build up over time of the positional parameters of the estimated source as the short array moves at a low speed along a straight line at a certain depth.