bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF PASTURE SYSTEMS TO MAXIMIZE THE PROFITABILITY AND SUSTAINABILITY OF GRASS-FED BEEF PRODUCTION
Authors: BHANDARI BASU DEB , GILLESPIE JEFFREY , SCAGLIA GUILLERMO , WANG JIM , SALASSI MICHAEL 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPasture systems for grass-fed beef production in the Gulf Coast region were evaluated for profitability and sustainability over the period 2009/2010 to 2011/2012. May-weaned steers were divided into groups and randomly placed into different pasture systems. Data on input usage, output quantities, and carbon emissions were recorded and analyzed. The least complex grazing system yielded higher profit than the most complex, but the most complex produced the lowest greenhouse gas impact. A trade-off was found between profitability and greenhouse gas impact among the systems.
Verifying Timestamps of Occultation Observation Systems
Authors: Barry M. A.(Tony) , Gault Dave , Bolt Greg , McEwan Alistair , Filipović Miroslav D. , White Graeme L. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe describe an image timestamp verification system to determine the exposure timing characteristics and continuity of images made by an imaging camera and recorder, with reference to Coordinated Universal Time. The original use was to verify the timestamps of stellar occultation recording systems, but the system is applicable to lunar flashes, planetary transits, sprite recording, or any area where reliable timestamps are required. The system offers good temporal resolution (down to 2 ms, referred to Coordinated Universal Time) and provides exposure duration and interframe dead time information. The system uses inexpensive, off-the-shelf components, requires minimal assembly, and requires no high-voltage components or connections. We also describe an application to loadfits(and other format) image files, which can decode the verification image timestamp. Source code, wiring diagrams, and built applications are provided to aid the construction and use of the device.
Can nutrient profiling help to identify foods which diet variety should be encouraged? Results from the Whitehall II cohort
Authors: Masset Gabriel , Scarborough Peter , Rayner Mike , Mishra Gita , Brunner Eric J. 
Published: April 2015

Higher variety of recommended foods, identified arbitrarily based on dietary guidelines, has been associated with better health status. Nutrient profiling is designed to identify objectively, based on nutrient content, healthier foods whose consumption should be encouraged. The objective was to assess the prospective associations between total food variety (food variety score, FVS) and variety from selected recommended and non-recommended foods (RFV and NRFV, respectively) and risk of chronic disease and mortality. In 1991–3, 7251 participants of the Whitehall II study completed a 127-item FFQ. The FVS was defined as the number of foods consumed more than once a week. (N)RFV(Ofcom) and (N)RFV(SAIN,LIM) were similarly derived selecting healthier (or less healthier) foods as defined by the UK Ofcom and French SAIN,LIM nutrient profile models, respectively. Multi-adjusted Cox regressions were fitted with incident CHD, diabetes, CVD, cancer and all-cause mortality (318, 754, 137, 251 and 524 events, respectively – median follow-up time 17 years). RFV and NRFV scores were mutually adjusted. The FVS (fourthv.first quartile) was associated with a 39 and 26 % reduction of prospective CHD and all-cause mortality risk, respectively. The RFV(Ofcom) (thirdv.first quartile) was associated with a 27 and 35 % reduction of all-cause mortality and cancer mortality risk, respectively; similar associations were suggested, but not significant for the RFV(SAIN,LIM). No prospective associations were observed with NRFV scores. The results strengthen the rationale to promote total food variety and variety from healthy foods. Nutrient profiling can help in identifying those foods whose consumption should be encouraged.
Cryptosporidiuminfections in suckler herd beef calves
Authors: BJÖRKMAN C. , LINDSTRÖM L. , OWESON C. , AHOLA H. , TROELL K. , AXÉN C. 
Published: April 2015

SUMMARYA study was carried out to investigate how commonCryptosporidiuminfections are in beef calves in Swedish suckler herds and to explore which species and subtypes that occur. We further aimed at identifying factors associated with shedding ofCryptosporidiumoocysts in this type of calf management. The study was conducted in two regions in Sweden and included 30 herds. Faecal samples were collected from calves younger than 3 months. A brief clinical examination was done and a questionnaire was used to collect data on management routines. Faeces were cleaned and concentrated and oocysts identified by epifuorescence microscopy.Cryptosporidiumpositive samples were analyzed at the 18S rRNA and GP60 genes to determine species andCryptosporidium parvumsubtype, respectively. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with infection. Oocysts were detected in 122 (36·7%) calves from 29 (97%) herds, at 400 to 2·4 × 107OPG. The youngest positive calves were only 1 and 2 days old. There was no association between age andCryptosporidiuminfection.Cryptosporidium bovis, Cryptosporidium ryanae, C. parvumandCryptosporidium ubiquitumwere identified, withC. bovisbeing the major species. TwoC. parvumsubtypes, IIaA16G1R1 and IIdA27G1 were identified. Routines for cleaning calf pens and number of cows in calving pens were associated with infection.
The Rehabilitated Austrians and the Borodajkewycz Affair
Authors: Kropiunigg Rafael Milan 
Published: April 2015

Ladies and Gentlemen! Where are we living? What age are we living in? Is this the Democratic Republic of Austria or a part of the Third Reich? Have we got twenty years of reconstruction and new construction of our fatherland behind us, or do we stand before the year 1939, shortly before the outbreak of World War Two? Has all the terror, all fright, completely bypassed such educators of the youth? Has nothing made an impression on them that would have changed them?
Just as a Socialist parliamentarian spoke these words on 31 March 1965, an affair surrounding the Viennese University Professor Taras (von) Borodajkewycz culminated in the Second Republic's most violent street fights and allegedly sole political death to date. In the course of the early 1960s, the professor's antidemocratic references and nostalgic statements on the Third Reich in his lectures had also come to the attention of the wider public. Clashes in March between Rightist and Leftist students ensued, and the Borodajkewycz Affair finally reached its height when on that last day in March the right-wing student Günther Kümel delivered a deadly blow to a 67-year-old Communist.
Genome-wide SSR marker development in oil palm by Illumina HiSeq for parental selection
Authors: Taeprayoon Puntaree , Tanya Patcharin , Kang Yang Jae , Limsrivilai Anek , Lee Suk-Ha , Srinives Peerasak 
Published: April 2015

Next-generation sequencing is a new technique for plant genome sequencing at a large scale that is faster and cheaper than previous sequencing technologies. The present work reports the development of new polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) using Illumina HiSeq sequencing data. More than 39 Gb (total 39,086,646,904 bases) was generated from the selected oil palm clone, D4. After de novo assembly, a total of 130,840 potential SSRs were identified. For SSR validation, 144 out of 762 SSR primer pairs were designed, including tri-nucleotide motifs, from the D4 contigs. Using 11 lines from three different clones of oil palm, 61 SSR primers revealed polymorphic alleles and high average polymorphic information content (PIC) values. Cluster analysis separated all oil palm plants into three clusters: clones A, B and C. These identified genome-wide SSR markers will enrich current genomic resources of the oil palm crop.
Subcontinuum mass transport of condensed hydrocarbons in nanoporous media
Authors: Falk Kerstin , Coasne Benoit , Pellenq Roland , Ulm Franz-Josef , Bocquet Lydéric 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAlthough hydrocarbon production from unconventional reservoirs, the so-called shale gas, has exploded recently, reliable predictions of resource availability and extraction are missing because conventional tools fail to account for their ultra-low permeability and complexity. Here, we use molecular simulation and statistical mechanics to show that continuum description—Darcy’s law—fails to predict transport in shales nanoporous matrix (kerogen). The non-Darcy behaviour arises from strong adsorption in kerogen and the breakdown of hydrodynamics at the nanoscale, which contradict the assumption of viscous flow. Despite this complexity, all permeances collapse on a master curve with an unexpected dependence on alkane length. We rationalize this non-hydrodynamic behaviour using a molecular description capturing the scaling of permeance with alkane length and density. These results, which stress the need for a change of paradigm from classical descriptions to nanofluidic transport, have implications for shale gas but more generally for transport in nanoporous media.
Prognostic value of serum cytokeratin 19 fragments (Cyfra 21-1) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Xu Youtao , Xu Lei , Qiu Mantang , Wang Jie , Zhou Qing , Xu Lin , Wang Jian , Yin Rong 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe role of serum CYFRA 21-1 level in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains to be defined. To re-evaluate the impact of serum CYFRA 21-1 in NSCLC survival, we performed this meta-analysis. Databases were searched to identify relevant studies reported after the publication of a meta-analysis in 2004. Totally, 31 studies with 6394 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled Hazard ratios (HRs) indicated that high CYFRA 21-1 level was associated with poor prognosis on overall survival (OS) in patients with NSCLC (HR = 1.60; 95%CI = 1.36–1.89; P < 0.001). The pooled HRs were 2.18 (95%CI = 1.70, 2.80; P = 0.347) for patients at stage I–IIIA and 1.47 (95%CI = 1.02, 2.11; P < 0.001) for stage IIIB–IV. When stratified by surgical intervention, pooled HRs were 1.94 (95%CI = 1.42–2.67; P < 0.001) for studies with surgery and 1.24 (95%CI = 0.79–1.95; P < 0.001) for studies without surgery. Significant associations were also found in the patients treated with EGFR-TKIs (HR = 1.83; 95%CI = 1.31–2.58; P = 0.011) and platinum-based regimen (HR = 1.53; 95%CI = 1.18–1.99; P = 0.001). Meta-analysis of CYFRA 21-1 related to PFS was performed and pooled HR was 1.41 (95%CI = 1.19–1.69; P < 0.001). Our results indicate that high level of serum CYFRA 21-1 is a negative prognostic indicator of patients with NSCLC.
Optimal percentage of inhibitory synapses in multi-task learning
Authors: Capano Vittorio , Herrmann Hans J. , de Arcangelis Lucilla 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPerforming more tasks in parallel is a typical feature of complex brains. These are characterized by the coexistence of excitatory and inhibitory synapses, whose percentage in mammals is measured to have a typical value of 20-30%. Here we investigate parallel learning of more Boolean rules in neuronal networks. We find that multi-task learning results from the alternation of learning and forgetting of the individual rules. Interestingly, a fraction of 30% inhibitory synapses optimizes the overall performance, carving a complex backbone supporting information transmission with a minimal shortest path length. We show that 30% inhibitory synapses is the percentage maximizing the learning performance since it guarantees, at the same time, the network excitability necessary to express the response and the variability required to confine the employment of resources.
Photoactivation of hypericin decreases the viability of RINm5F insulinoma cells through reduction in JNK/ERK phosphorylation and elevation of caspase-9/caspase-3 cleavage and Bax-to-Bcl-2 ratio
Authors: Yi Jingwen , Yang Xiaoguang , Zheng Lihua , Yang Guang , Sun Luguo , Bao Yongli , Wu Yin , Huang Yanxin , Yu Chunlei , Yang Shao-Nian , Li Yuxin 
Published: April 2015

Insulinomas cause neuroglycopenic symptoms, permanent neurological damage and even death. Current available therapies cannot satisfactorily treat malignant insulinomas and some benign insulinomas. The promising phototherapeutic results and harmless side effects of hypericin in some cancer treatments prompted us to explore possible anti-growth activity of photoactivated hypericin against RINm5F insulinoma cells and underlying mechanisms. We now show that detectable and maximal internalization of hypericin in RINm5F insulinoma cells occurred in 20 and 60 min respectively. Hypericin was considerably associated with the plasma membrane, appreciably localized in the sub-plasma membrane region and substantially accumulated in the cytoplasm. Photoactivated hypericin decreased the viability of RINm5F insulinoma cells due to its anti-proliferative and apoptotic actions. Photoactivation of hypericin inhibited cell proliferation reflected by decreased expression of the proliferation marker Ki-67 and cell-cycle arrest in the G0/G1-phase. The anti-proliferative effect resulted from down-regulation of phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Photoactivated hypericin triggered apoptosis through activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9 and elevation of the Bax-to B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) ratio. The findings lay a solid foundation for implementation of hypericin-mediated photodynamic therapy in treatment of insulinomas.
Miniaturised dual‐band branch‐line coupler
Authors: Bekasiewicz A. , Koziel S. 
Published: April 2015

A novel topology of a miniaturised dual‐band branch‐line coupler with a 3 dB power split is presented. The compact design is achieved by folding the transmission line sections into the interior of a circuit. The initial dimensions are obtained at the equivalent circuit level. Design closure is conducted at the electromagnetic‐simulation model level. The coupler operates on frequencies of 1 and 2 GHz, and features miniaturisation of 75% compared with the conventional structure. Experimental validation of the fabricated prototype is provided.
Design and realisation of a zero‐voltage transition pulse‐width modulation interleaved boost power factor correction converter
Authors: Wang Chien‐Ming , Lin Chang‐Hua , Lu Chien‐Min , Li Jyun‐Che 
Published: April 2015

A zero‐voltage transition pulse‐width modulation (ZVT‐PWM) interleaved boost power factor correction (PFC) converter with an active snubber circuit is presented to achieve ripple current cancellation and soft‐switching for power switches. The proposed PFC converter adopts an active snubber circuit to realise ZVT for active power switches and zero‐current transition for power diodes. Thus, the switching losses of active power switches can be reduced and the reverse recovery losses of power diodes can be eliminated. It also uses an interleaved PWM control scheme to reduce the input ripple current and size of output capacitor. Moreover, it also adopts the average‐current‐control method to shape a close sinusoidal input current waveform, so that an input current waveform with low harmonic and low total harmonic distortion can be obtained. The operational principle and design consideration are discussed in detail. Finally, experimental results taken from a 1000 W prototype are presented to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed PFC converter.
Consequences of Actively Managing a Small Bull Trout Population in a Fragmented Landscape
Authors: Al‐Chokhachy Robert , Moran Sean , McHugh Peter A. , Bernall Shana , Fredenberg Wade , DosSantos Joseph M. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractHabitat fragmentation, which affects many native salmonid species, is one of the major factors contributing to the declines in distribution and abundance of Bull TroutSalvelinus confluentus. Increasingly, managers are considering options to maintain and enhance the persistence of isolated local populations through active management strategies. Understanding the ecological consequences of such actions is a necessary step in conservation planning. We used an individual‐based model to evaluate the consequences of an ongoing management program aimed at mitigating the anthropogenic fragmentation of the lower Clark Fork River in Montana. Under this program juvenile Bull Trout are trapped and transported from small, headwater source populations to Lake Pend Oreille, Idaho, for rearing, and adults are subsequently recaptured in their upstream migration and returned to the natal population for spawning. We examined one of these populations and integrated empirical estimates of demographic parameters to simulate different management scenarios where moderate (n= 4) and high (n= 8) numbers of age‐2, age‐3, or age‐4 Bull Trout were removed for transport with variable return rates under both demographic stochasticity and environmental perturbations. Our results indicated the risks from removal with no returns increased substantially when removal totals and age of Bull Trout removed from the simulated population increased. Specifically, removing eight age‐3 or age‐4 individuals resulted in 26% and 62% reductions in average adult population size, respectively, across simulations. We found the risks of transport were not likely alleviated with low (3%) or moderate (6%) return rates, and there were considerable risks of declines for the source population even when return rates were extremely high (>12%). Our simulations indicated little risk of declines for the source population with removals of age‐2 Bull Trout, and any risks were alleviated with low return rates. However, we found higher return rates were particularly beneficial in the presence of large, density‐independent perturbations.
Quantified Incision Placement for Postseptal Approach Transconjunctival Blepharoplasty
Authors: Undavia Satyen , Briceño César A. , Massry Guy G. 
Published: April 2015

Purpose:
This study quantifies the incision location in transconjunctival lower eyelid blepharoplasty to optimize postspetal (direct) access to the eyelid/orbital fat.

Methods:
A retrospective chart review of patients undergoing transconjunctival blepharoplasty by one surgeon (GGM) from January 2013 to January 2014 was performed. Simultaneous globe retropulsion and lower eyelid inferior displacement was used to balloon the conjunctiva forward to maximally visualize the transconjunctival surface anatomical landmarks of importance. A caliper was used to measure the distance in millimeters from the inferior tarsus to the most superior projection of visible fat. The conjunctival incision was made 0.5 mm posterior to this measured distance. For each procedure it was noted whether the preseptal or postseptal plane was entered.

Results:
Sixty-six patients were assessed. Fifty patients were women, and the mean patient age was 54 years (range 36–71 years). The mean distance from the inferior tarsus to the visualized superior tip of fat was 6.03 mm (range 5–7 mm) and the mean incision placement was 6.53 mm (range 5.5–7.5 mm). The postseptal space (direct access to fat) was entered in 54 cases (82%). The inferior vascular arcade was identified in 23 cases (35%) cases. In this instance, the incision was placed below this landmark in 16 cases (70%). There were 5 cases (7.6%) of postoperative chemosis which all resolved within 2 months with conservative measures. There were no other complications related to the conjunctival incision.

Conclusion:
Placing the conjunctival incision for postseptal approach transconjunctival blepharoplasty 0.5 mm posterior to the most superior projection of clinically visible fat (with adjunctive globe retropulsion and lower eyelid infraplacement) accesses the postspetal space directly in 82% of cases. Previously suggested incision placements: between 2 and 5 mm below the tarsus, at the fornix, or at the inferior vascular arcade are subjective/anecdotal at best and without similar quantitative validation.
Transcriptional Regulation of Zein Gene Expression in Maize through the Additive and Synergistic Action of opaque2, Prolamine-Box Binding Factor, and O2 Heterodimerizing Proteins
Authors: Zhang Zhiyong , Yang Jun , Wu Yongrui 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMaize (Zea mays) zeins are some of the most abundant cereal seed storage proteins (SSPs). Their abundance influences kernel hardness but compromises its nutritional quality. Transcription factors regulating the expression of zein and other SSP genes in cereals are endosperm-specific and homologs of maize opaque2 (O2) and prolamine-box binding factor (PBF). This study demonstrates that the ubiquitously expressed transcription factors, O2 heterodimerizing proteins (OHPs), specifically regulate 27-kD γ-zein gene expression (through binding to an O2-like box in its promoter) and interact with PBF. The zein content of double mutants OhpRNAi;o2 and PbfRNAi;o2 and the triple mutant PbfRNAi;OhpRNAi;o2 is reduced by 83, 89, and 90%, respectively, compared with the wild type. The triple mutant developed the smallest zein protein bodies, which were merely one-tenth the wild type's size. Total protein levels in these mutants were maintained in a relatively constant range through proteome rebalancing. These data show that OHPs, O2, and PBF are master regulators of zein storage protein synthesis, acting in an additive and synergistic mode. The differential expression patterns of OHP and O2 genes may cause the slight differences in the timing of 27-kD γ-zein and 22-kD α-zein accumulation during protein body formation.
Key factors for the adoption of RFID in the logistics industry in Taiwan
Authors: Fu Hsin-Pin , Chang Tien-Hsiang , Lin Arthur , Du Zi-Jun , Hsu Kuei-Ying 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this study is to comprehensively examine the factors that influence the adoption of radio frequency identification (RFID) in the logistics industry in Taiwan, and to objectively identify the key factors (KFs) for successful adoption.

Design/methodology/approach
– First, the factors were collected from a review of the literature, and then arranged in a three-layer hierarchical table. The fuzzy analytic hierarchical process (FAHP) was then used to determine the weighting of each factor, based on the opinions of various logistics professionals. The acceptable advantage concept of VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) was then used to identify the KFs.

Findings
– Nine important factors were identified from the total of eighteen factors, with a total accumulative weight of 64.68 percent, and from these, four KFs were determined: meeting the demands of clients, sharing real-time information, creating advantages in overall delivery, and reducing operational errors.

Practical implications
– The results show that the logistics industry in Taiwan should focus on the improvement of four KFs when adopting RFID. Eight practical implications of this study are also discussed in the paper.

Originality/value
– This study used multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) tools to obtain the importance (weighting) of each factor and to identify the KFs that influence the adoption of RFID. The research results can serve as a reference for the logistics industry, enabling firms to better allocate their resources when adopting RFID, and thus, to achieve a good outcome at lower cost and with greater efficiency.
A Social Democratic Future? Political and Institutional Hurdles in Scotland
Authors: Harvey Malcolm 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe Nordic model has long been admired in Scotland, and has featured prominently in aspects of the Scottish independence referendum debate. This article explores the difficulties in instituting a similar system here, identifying two significant barriers: the institutional setting (the powers available to Scottish politicians) and the partisan nature of competition between the two parties that might be able to deliver upon such a commitment. It concludes that the prospects of moving towards a Nordic‐style social investment model are slight, given the political, institutional and attitudinal barriers in place.