bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ExploringComQXPAquorum‐sensing diversity and biocontrol potential ofBacillusspp. isolates from tomato rhizoplane
Authors: Oslizlo A. , Stefanic P. , Vatovec S. , Beigot Glaser S. , Rupnik M. , Mandic‐Mulec I. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryBacillus subtilisis a widespread and diverse bacterium t exhibits a remarkable intraspecific diversity of theComQXPAquorum‐sensing (QS) system. This manifests in the existence of distinct communication groups (pherotypes) that can efficiently communicate within a group, but not between groups. SimilarQSdiversity was also found in other bacterial species, and its ecological and evolutionary meaning is still being explored. Here we further address theComQXPA QSdiversity among isolates from the tomato rhizoplane, a natural habitat ofB. subtilis, where these bacteria likely exist in their vegetative form. Because thisQSsystem regulates production of anti‐pathogenic and biofilm‐inducing substances such as surfactins, knowledge on cell–cell communication of this bacterium within rhizoplane is also important from the biocontrol perspective. We confirm the presence of pherotype diversity withinB. subtilisstrains isolated from a rhizoplane of a single plant. We also show thatB. subtilisrhizoplane isolates show a remarkable diversity of surfactin production and potential plant growth promoting traits. Finally, we discover that effects of surfactin deletion on biofilm formation can be strain specific and unexpected in the light of current knowledge on its role it this process.
Environmental factors influencing the distribution of ammonifying and denitrifying bacteria and water qualities in 10 lakes and reservoirs of the Northeast, China
Authors: Zhao XinYu , Wei Zimin , Zhao Yue , Xi Beidou , Wang Xueqin , Zhao Taozhi , Zhang Xu , Wei Yuquan 
Published: March 2015

SummaryThis study presents seasonal and spatial variations of the ammonifying bacteria (AB) and denitrifying bacteria (DNB) and physicochemical parameters in 10 lakes and reservoirs in the northeast of China. Water samples were collected in winter (January), spring (March), summer (July) and fall (November) in 2011. The study revealed that physicochemical parameters such as pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), NH4+‐N and nitrate as nitrogen were closely related with the distribution of AB and DNB. Seasonally, the levels of AB presents gradually upward trend from winter to summer, and declines in fall and DNB were higher in spring and fall than summer and lowest in winter. Spatially, the annual average of AB among 10 lakes and reservoirs showed insignificant difference (P > 0.05), for DNB, Udalianchi and Lianhuan Lake were lower than others (P < 0.05). Regression correlation analysis showed that the levels of AB and DNB had a close relationship with nitrogen nutrition. Three principal components were identified of total variances which are conditionally classified by the ‘natural’ factor (PC1) and ‘nitrogen nutrients’ (PC2, PC3). According the principal component scores, cluster analysis detected two distinct groups: (C1) mainly affected by nitrogen nutrients and (C2) natural environmental factors.
Management of prolonged pregnancy by induction with a Foley catheter
Authors: Kruit Heidi , Heikinheimo Oskari , Ulander Veli‐Matti , Aitokallio‐Tallberg Ansa , Nupponen Irmeli , Paavonen Jorma , Rahkonen Leena 
Published: March 2015

ObjectivesTo describe labor outcomes in women with prolonged pregnancy and induction of labor with a Foley catheter, as compared with women with spontaneous onset of labor.DesignRetrospective study.SettingHelsinki University Hospital.Sample553 women with uncomplicated prolonged pregnancies between January 2011 and January 2012, divided into 303 women (54.8%) with Foley catheter induction and 250 (45.2%) with spontaneous labor.MethodsMaternal and neonatal characteristics of women with uncomplicated singleton pregnancy of ≥41+5 weeks of gestation were analyzed.Main outcome measuresCesarean delivery rates, maternal and neonatal morbidity.ResultsThe cesarean delivery rate was 30.7% (n = 93/303) in women with labor induction and 4.8% (12/250) in women with spontaneous onset of labor (p < 0.001). The cesarean delivery rate was 37.3% (91/244) among nulliparous women with labor induction and 8.7% (11/126) among women with spontaneous labor, a sixfold increased risk (odds ratio 6.2). Among parous women, cesarean section rates were low and not significantly different (3.4% vs. 0.8%, p = 0.2). There were no differences in maternal intrapartum or postpartum infection rates or adverse neonatal outcomes between the groups.ConclusionsFoley catheter induction of labor in prolonged pregnancy did not increase maternal or perinatal morbidity compared with spontaneous onset of labor but was associated with a considerably increased cesarean section rate, particularly among nulliparous women.
Clinical significance of bile reflux into the pancreatic duct without pancreaticobiliary maljunction assessed by intraoperative cholangiography
Authors: Ueno Kimihiko , Ajiki Tetsuo , Murakami Sae , Fujita Tsunenori , Matsumoto Taku , Shinozaki Kenta , Fukumoto Takumi , Ku Yonson 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIntroductionBile reflux into the pancreatic duct (BRPD) is sometimes demonstrated during intraoperative cholangiography (IOC) even in patients without pancreaticobiliary maljunction. However, the clinical significance of this finding in laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy is unclear.MethodsAmong 484 patients who underwent cholecystectomy (372 laparoscopic, 112 open), patients whose pancreatic duct was depicted in IOC were selected. The value of pancreatic amylase (p‐amylase) of the gallbladder bile, histological changes, and the immunohistochemical expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the gallbladder mucosa were analyzed in patients with BRPD. The data were then compared to those in patients without BRPD whose gallbladder bile p‐amylase was measured (control group, n = 20).ResultsThe success rate of IOC was 93.6%. The rate of BRPD in laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy was 5.2% and 5.7%, respectively. The value of gallbladder bile p‐amylase in patients with BRPD was significantly higher than in the control group (790.5 vs 14.0 IU/L, P = 0.034). The value of the PCNA labeling index in patients with BRPD was significantly higher than that of the control group (15.4% vs 4.1%, P = 0.0026). Among the 24 patients with BRPD, pathological changes in the gallbladder mucosa were detected in five (two hyperplasia, three metaplasia), but there was no correlation between the presence of pathological change and PCNA labeling index or gallbladder bile p‐amylase.ConclusionsIOC could detect BRPD both in laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy at a similar rate. Patients with BRPD had high levels of gallbladder bile p‐amylase and PCNA labeling index, findings similar to those in patients with pancreaticobiliary maljunction.
A Direct Method to Evaluate the Time-Dependent Predictive Accuracy for Biomarkers
Authors: Shen Weining , Ning Jing , Yuan Ying 
Published: March 2015

Summary
Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and their area under the curve (AUC) are important measures to evaluate the prediction accuracy of biomarkers for time-to-event endpoints (e.g., time to disease progression or death). In this article, we propose a direct method to estimate AUC(t) as a function of time t using a flexible fractional polynomials model, without the middle step of modeling the time-dependent ROC. We develop a pseudo partial-likelihood procedure for parameter estimation and provide a test procedure to compare the predictive performance between biomarkers. We establish the asymptotic properties of the proposed estimator and test statistics. A major advantage of the proposed method is its ease to make inference and to compare the prediction accuracy across biomarkers, rendering our method particularly appealing for studies that require comparing and screening a large number of candidate biomarkers. We evaluate the finite-sample performance of the proposed method through simulation studies and illustrate our method in an application to AIDS Clinical Trials Group 175 data.
Continental margin syn‐rift salt tectonics at intermediate width margins
Authors: Allen Janice , Beaumont Christopher 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis paper examines interactions among syn‐rift continental margin extension, evaporites, particularly rocksalt (halite), deposited in the overlying sedimentary basins, and clastic sediment loading. We present dynamically evolving 2D numerical models that combine syn‐rift lithospheric extension, with salt (viscous halite, 1018–1019 Pa s) and clastic (frictional‐plastic) sediment deposition to investigate how salt is distributed and subsequently mobilized during syn‐rift extension. Example results are shown, contrasting salt deposition in the early, mid and late syn‐rift phases of a single lithospheric extension model. The lithospheric model is chosen to give depth‐dependent extension and intermediate width margins with proximal grabens and a hyperextended distal region. The models exhibit diachronous migration of extension towards the rift axis and this is reflected in the faulting of overlying sediments. The models illustrate the roles of timing of salt deposition, relative to rifting and subsequent sedimentation, in defining the location and deformation of syn‐rift salt, with post‐salt sediment progradation in some models. Late deposition of salt leads to increased lateral extent of the original salt body and decreased variation in salt thickness. Seaward flow of salt increases with later deposition; early syn‐rift salt is deposited and trapped in the grabens, whereas mid and late syn‐rift salt tends to flow towards the distal margin or even over the oceanic crust. Prograding clastic post‐salt sediments drive more substantial seaward movement of mid and late syn‐rift salt. A numerical model of the Red Sea with evaporite deposition during the mid to late syn‐rift period, preceded and followed by aggrading and prograding clastic sediment, shows reasonable agreement with observations from the central Red Sea.
Climatic and halokinetic controls on alluvial–lacustrine sedimentation during compressional deformation, Andean forearc, northern Chile
Authors: Evenstar Laura A. , Hartley Adrian J. , Archer Stuart G. , Neilson Joyce E. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe Salar de Atacama forms one of a series of forearc basins developed along the western flank of the Central Andes. Exposed along the northwest margin of the basin, a salt‐cored range, the Cordillera de la Sal, records the Mid‐Miocene to recent sedimentological and structural development of this basin. Sediments of the Mid‐Miocene Vilama Formation record the complex interaction between regional/local climate change, halokinesis and compressional deformation. This study reveals how these factors have controlled the facies development and distribution within the Salar de Atacama. Detailed sedimentary logging, cross‐sections and present day geomorphology through the northern Cordillera de la Sal have been used to establish a lithostratigraphy, chronostratigraphy and the regional distribution of the Vilama Formation. The Vilama Formation documents an increase in aridity with a hiatus in sedimentation from Mid‐Miocene to 9 Ma with initial uplift of the Cordillera de la Sal. From 9 Ma to 8.5 Ma deposition of a meandering fluvial system is recorded followed by a rapid decrease in sedimentation till 6 Ma. From 6 to 2 Ma, the deposition of extensive palustrine carbonates and distal alluvial–mudflat–lacustrine demonstrates the existence of an extensive lake within the Salar de Atacama. Post 2 Ma, the lake decreased in size and braided alluvial gravels associated with alluvial fans were widespread through the region suggesting a final shift to hyperarid conditions. By comparing the Vilama Formation with similar age facies throughout northern Chile and southern Peru, several shifts in climate are recognized. Climate signatures within northern Chile appear to be largely diachronous with the last regional event in the Mid‐Miocene. Since that time, humid events have been restricted to either Precordillerian basins or the Central Atacama. Within the Central Atacama, the final switch to hyperarid conditions was not till the earliest Pleistocene, much later than previously estimated within the region.
$1 DNA barcodes for reconstructing complex phenomes and finding rare species in specimen‐rich samples
Authors: Meier Rudolf , Wong Winghing , Srivathsan Amrita , Foo Maosheng 
Published: March 2015

AbstractSeveral of the biggest challenges in taxonomy and systematics are related to a toxic mixture of small size, abundance, and rarity. There are too many species in groups with too few taxonomists and many of these species are very rare and hard to find because they are hidden in mass samples. To make matters worse, these species often have life‐history stages that are morphologically so different that it is difficult to identify them as semaphoronts of the same species. We demonstrate that these biodiversity challenges can be addressed with cost‐effective molecular markers. Here, we describe a next‐generation‐sequencing protocol that can yield barcodes at a chemical cost of < 0.40 USD per specimen. We use this protocol to generate molecular markers for 1015 specimens of tropical midges (Diptera: Chironomidae). The barcodes cluster into 52–61 molecular operational taxonomic units (OTUs) depending on whether Objective Clustering (OC), Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent (GMYC), or Poisson Tree Process (PTP) is used. More than half of the putative species are rare (< 10 specimens) and we are able to match larvae and adults for 24 of these OTUs. We argue that the proposed protocol will help with processing specimen‐rich biodiversity samples at low cost.
Linking Behavior to Vital Rates to Measure the Effects of Non‐Lethal Disturbance on Wildlife
Authors: Christiansen Fredrik , Lusseau David 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe need for managing non‐lethal effects on wildlife is becoming increasingly important as global human–wildlife interactions are now more frequent and more diverse. We developed a mechanistic model for minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) to measure the effects of behavioral disturbances caused by whalewatching activities on fetal growth. The model illustrates the pathway through which behaviorally mediated effects of anthropogenic disturbance might influence female reproductive success in an iteroparous capital breeding mammal. We found that although the behavioral disruptions caused by whalewatching interactions were substantial, the cumulative exposure of individuals to whalewatching boats was low, resulting in an effect on fetal growth no different from natural variability. This highlights the importance of considering all aspects of disturbance when evaluating effects of human disturbance on wildlife. Our mechanistic model can also be used to simulate different management scenarios to predict the long‐term consequence of disturbance on vital rates, to help inform management decisions.
Preparation and properties of Fe(II)‐ion‐sensitive colour‐changing fabric
Authors: Lin Junxiong , Tan Zhixin , Zhang Jiawen , Wang Lan 
Published: March 2015

Textile fabrics were dyed with complexometric indicators (ionochromic dyes) to develop Fe(II) ionochromic fabric. Three kinds of ionochromic dye were used to dye silk fabric, and they were evaluated for colour changes triggered by Fe(II) solution. The K/S values and photos of the fabrics were then recorded. It was found that 1,10‐phenanthroline was the most suitable ionochromic dye in these dyes. Colour change from white to red could be clearly seen when 1,10‐phenanthroline‐dyed silk fabric was triggered by Fe(II) solution, but it showed no colour change when triggered by Cu(II), Mg(II), or Ca(II) solution. Moreover, 1,10‐phenanthroline‐dyed nylon, polyester, and cotton fabrics showed no obvious colour changes after triggering by Fe(II) solution. Ion concentration, pH value, and reaction time could affect the colour changes. When triggered by 8 mg l−1 of Fe(II) solution at neutral pH for about 15 min, the ionochromic fabric showed a clear colour change. In addition, three coloured fabrics in green, blue, and yellow were also dyed with 1,10‐phenanthroline. It was found that they could also show clear colour changes when triggered by Fe(II) solution. These ionochromic fabrics may find broad application in many fields, such as Fe(II) detection, magic toys, anticounterfeiting materials, and bionic silk flowers.
Heart rate variability stabilization in athletes: towards more convenient data acquisition
Authors: Flatt Andrew A. , Esco Michael R. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryResting heart rate variability (HRV) is a potentially useful marker to consider for monitoring training status in athletes. However, traditional HRV data collection methodology requires a 5‐min recording period preceded by a 5‐min stabilization period. This lengthy process may limit HRV monitoring in the field due to time constraints and high compliance demands of athletes. Investigation into more practical methodology for HRV data acquisitions is required. The aim of this study was to determine the time course for stabilization of ECG‐derived lnRMSSD from traditional HRV recordings. Ten‐minute supine ECG measures were obtained in ten male and ten female collegiate cross‐country athletes. The first 5 min for each ECG was separately analysed in successive 1‐min intervals as follows: minutes 0–1 (lnRMSSD0–1), 1–2 (lnRMSSD1–2), 2–3 (lnRMSSD2–3), 3–4 (lnRMSSD3–4) and 4–5 (lnRMSSD4–5). Each 1‐min lnRMSSD segment was then sequentially compared to lnRMSSD of the 5‐ to 10‐min ECG segment, which was considered the criterion (lnRMSSDCriterion). There were no significant differences between each 1‐min lnRMSSD segment and lnRMSSDCriterion, and the effect sizes were considered trivial (ES ranged from 0·07 to 0·12). In addition, the ICC for each 1‐min segment compared to the criterion was near perfect (ICC values ranged from 0·92 to 0·97). The limits of agreement between the prerecording values and lnRMSSDCriterion ranged from ±0·28 to ±0·45 ms. These results lend support to shorter, more convenient ECG recording procedures for lnRMSSD assessment in athletes by reducing the prerecording stabilization period to 1 min.
Clinical pathway to discharge 3 days after colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: Tomiki Yuichi , Kawai Masaya , Takehara Kazuhiro , Tashiro Yoshihiko , Munakata Shinya , Kure Kazumasa , Ishiyama Shun , Sugimoto Kiichi , Kamiyama Hirohiko , Takahashi Makoto , Sakamoto Kazuhiro 
Published: March 2015

Background and AimColorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a useful treatment method; however, no index has been established for time for patient to start food ingestion or be discharged after ESD. We investigated the potential of a clinical pathway in which patients started food ingestion on day 2 after ESD and were discharged on day 3.MethodsA total of 382 patients underwent colorectal ESD between 2006 and 2012. A flow chart of a clinical pathway was prepared based on the data obtained, with the aim of shortening hospital stay after ESD.ResultsMean duration of postoperative hospital stay in the 382 patients was 5.3 ± 1.8 days. The most common cause of extended hospital stay was abnormal blood test finding, as detected in 50 patients in group C (n = 131; 38.2%), followed by careful course observations, as noted in 48 patients in group C (n = 131; 36.6%). Regarding procedural accidents as a result of ESD, intraoperative perforation occurred in 15 patients (3.9%) and post‐ESD bleeding in seven patients (1.8%), which extended the hospital stay. Food ingestion was started on day 2 when no abnormality was noted during ESD or in physical and imaging findings or blood tests on day 1. In the 86 patients who underwent the prepared clinical pathway as a validation study, 68 (79.0%) were discharged on day 3. Duration of postoperative hospital stay was 3.4 ± 1.2 days.ConclusionDischarge may be possible 3 days after ESD when no abnormalities are noted during ESD or on post‐ESD day 1.
Contract Governance in the EU: Conceptualising the Relationship between Investor Protection Regulation and Private Law
Authors: Cherednychenko Olha O. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe instrumental use of private law, in particular contract law, by the EU raises a complex issue concerning the relationship between contract‐related regulation and traditional private law and underlines the need for conceptualising the interplay between the two from the contract governance perspective. The present article aims to apply this new analytical approach in the investment services field where there is considerable tension between the EU investor protection regulation embodied in the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (MiFID I and MiFID II) and national private laws. The article explores various models of relationship between investor protection regulation and traditional private law within a multi‐level EU legal order, considering the strengths and weaknesses of each field in pursuing public and private interests involved in financial contracting. This analysis also offers some lessons for the broader narrative of how European integration in regulated areas dominated by public supervision and enforcement could proceed.
Attachment and Family Processes in Children's Psychological Adjustment in Middle Childhood
Authors: Demby Kimberly P. , Riggs Shelley A. , Kaminski Patricia L. 
Published: March 2015

This study examined the links between parent–child attachment, whole family interaction patterns, and child emotional adjustment and adaptability in a sample of 86 community families with children between the ages of 8 and 11 years. Family interactions were observed and coded with the System for Coding Interactions and Family Functioning (SCIFF; Lindahl, 2001). Both parents and each target child completed the appropriate form of the Behavior Assessment System for Children‐2nd Edition (BASC‐2; Reynolds & Kamphaus, 2004). Target children also completed the Children's Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CCSQ; Yunger, Corby, & Perry, 2005). Hierarchical multiple regressions indicated that Secure mother–child attachment was a robust predictor of children's emotional symptoms, but father–child attachment strategies were not significant independent predictors. Positive Affect in family interactions significantly increased the amount of variance accounted for in children's emotional symptoms. In addition, Family Cohesion and Positive Affect moderated the relationship between father–child attachment and children's emotional symptoms. When data from all BASC‐2 informants (mother, father, child) were considered simultaneously and multidimensional constructs were modeled, mother–child security directly predicted children's adjustment and adaptive skills, but the influence of father–child security was fully mediated through positive family functioning. Results of the current study support the utility of considering dyadic attachment and family interaction patterns conjointly when conceptualizing and fostering positive emotional and behavioral outcomes in children.