bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Canine fossa puncture for severe maxillary disease in unilateral chronic sinusitis with nasal polyp
Authors: Byun Jang Yul , Lee Jae Yong 
Published: June 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate the efficacy of canine fossa puncture (CFP) by comparing patients with unilateral chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) accompanying nasal polyposis (NP) who underwent CFP with those who underwent maxillary sinus clearance through a middle meatal antrostomy (MMA).Study DesignProspective randomized study.MethodsTwenty‐nine patients were randomly assigned to the CFP and MMA groups. Preoperative computed tomography (CT) established that all patients had severely diseased maxillary sinuses. Subjective outcomes were evaluated preoperatively and at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively using the Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test 20 (SNOT‐20) and a visual analogue scale (VAS). Additionally, mucosal thickening was measured as a percentage of total maxillary sinus volume on CT images taken 12 months postoperatively.ResultsTwenty‐five patients who completed the follow‐up, questionnaires, and postoperative CT evaluation were included in the analysis. SNOT‐20 and VAS scores improved significantly at 3, 6, and 12 months postprocedure in both groups. However, significant improvement of SNOT‐20 at 12 months and VAS scores for purulent discharge, foul odor, and postnasal drip at 6 and 12 months were observed in the CFP group compared with the MMA group. In addition, the volume of mucosal thickening was significantly greater in the MMA group than in the CFP group on postoperative CT images.ConclusionsCFP is a useful method for the removal of severe maxillary mucosal disease that cannot be reached through MMA, and is superior to conventional MMA for improving subjective and objective outcomes in patients with unilateral CRS accompanying NP.Level of Evidence1b. Laryngoscope, 123:E79–E84, 2013
Outcome measurements in obstructive sleep apnea: Beyond the apnea‐hypopnea index
Authors: Tam Samantha , Woodson B. Tucker , Rotenberg Brian 
Published: June 2013

Objectives/HypothesisThe apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) is overwhelmingly used as the main therapeutic metric in the assessment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in surgical studies. However, using AHI as the sole measure is problematic. This study investigates the utility of other outcome measures for patients with OSA undergoing surgery.Study DesignSystematic review of cohort and review studies.MethodsA review was performed using the PubMed database. English articles focusing on outcome measures in adults with OSA were included. Studies in pediatric populations, those combining obstructing and central sleep apnea, and those without the use of outcome measures were excluded. Articles were categorized according to level of evidence. The Downs and Black scale and AMSTAR scale were used to assess quality.ResultsOf a total of 10,454 retrieved articles, 21 studies met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Most articles related to continuous positive airway pressure outcomes. Many categories of outcome measures were found: general quality of life, OSA‐specific quality of life, measurements of sleepiness, performance, and physiological. Subjects with OSA scored differently in measurement tools in all categories compared to control populations or after treatment, and generally a poor correlation with AHI was seen.ConclusionsThe literature shows a range of tools based on symptoms and physiology of OSA that can assess effects of treatment. Assessment of surgical treatment for OSA should neither be limited to AHI as an outcome, nor should this be the only outcome stressed.Level of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 124:337–343, 2014
Resveratrol attenuates radiation‐induced salivary gland dysfunction in mice
Authors: Xu Liping , Yang Xi , Cai Jing , Ma Jianxin , Cheng Hongyan , Zhao Kuiling , Yang Liping , Cao Yuandong , Qin Qin , Zhang Chi , Zhang Qu , Sun Xinchen 
Published: June 2013

Objectives/HypothesisIn our study we investigated the radioprotective effect of resveratrol (RES) in a murine model of radiation‐induced salivary gland dysfunction.Study DesignNinety‐six Institute of Cancer Research mice were randomly divided into four groups: solvent (group I), RES treated (group II; 20mg/kg/d), 15 Gy irradiation with solvent treatment (group III), and 15 Gy irradiation with RES treatment (group IV; 15 Gy and 20 mg/kg/d RES). RES (group II and IV) was administered intraperitoneally 3 days prior to irradiation through the conclusion of the experiment.MethodsSaliva and submandibular gland tissues were obtained for biochemical, morphological, immunohistochemical, and Western blot analyses at 8 hours, 24 hours, and 30 days after localized irradiation.ResultsRadiation caused a reduction of saliva secretion, salivary amylase activity, superoxide dismutase, and an elevation of malondialdehyde. Administration of RES reversed the reduction of saliva secretion induced by irradiation and restored salivary amylase and superoxide dismutase activity. In addition, RES could inhibit increases in transforming growth factor‐β1 expression induced by radiation.ConclusionsRES can protect salivary glands against the negative effects of irradiation and has great potential as a treatment for successful radiotherapy in clinical practice.Level of EvidenceN/A. Laryngoscope, 123:E23–E29, 2013
Factors influencing referral of patients with voice disorders from primary care to otolaryngology
Authors: Cohen Seth M. , Kim Jaewhan , Roy Nelson , Courey Mark 
Published: June 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate the frequency, timing, and factors that influence referral of patients with laryngeal/voice disorders to otolaryngology following initial evaluation by a primary care physician (PCP).Study DesignRetrospective analysis of a large, national administrative US claims database.MethodsPatients with a laryngeal disorder based on International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2008, seen by a PCP as an outpatient (with or without otolaryngology involvement), and continuously enrolled for 12 months were included. Patient age, gender, geographic region, last PCP laryngeal diagnosis, comorbid conditions, time from first PCP visit to first otolaryngology visit, number of PCP outpatient visits, and number of PCP laryngeal diagnoses were collected. Cox and generalized linear regressions were performed.ResultsA total of 149,653 unique patients saw a PCP as an outpatient for a laryngeal/voice disorder, with 136,152 (90.9%) only seeing a PCP, 6,013 (4.0%) referred by a PCP to an otolaryngologist, and 3,820 (2.6%) self‐referred to an otolaryngologist. Acute laryngitis had a lower hazard ratio (HR) for otolaryngology referral than chronic laryngitis, nonspecific dysphonia, and laryngeal cancer. Having multiple comorbid conditions was associated with a greater HR for otolaryngology referral than having no comorbidities. Patient age, gender, and geographic region also affected otolaryngology referral. The time to otolaryngology evaluation ranged from <1 month to >3 months. PCP‐referred patients had less time to the otolaryngology evaluation than self‐referred patients.ConclusionsMultiple factors affected otolaryngology referral for patients with laryngeal/voice disorders. Further education of PCPs regarding appropriate otolaryngology referral for laryngeal/voice disorders is needed.Level of Evidence2b. Laryngoscope, 124:214–220, 2014
Prevalence of radiologic superior canal dehiscence in normal ears and ears with chronic otitis media
Authors: Cho Young W. , Shim Byoung S. , Kim Ji W. , Kim Tae S. , Ahn Joong H. , Chung Jong W. , Lee Kwang‐Sun , Yoon Tae H. , Park Hong J. 
Published: June 2013

Objectives/HypothesisAlthough labyrinth fistulae are caused mostly by cholesteatoma, they can occur in long‐standing chronic otitis media (COM) without cholesteatoma. We aimed to compare the prevalence of radiologic SCD on computed tomography (CT) between normal ears and contralateral COM ears in patients with unilateral COM and to assess the prevalence of superior canal dehiscence (SCD) according to the age.Study DesignCase series with comparison performed at a tertiary care academic referral center.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed consecutive temporal bone CT scans of 759 patients with unilateral COM between 2009 and 2011. The mean (± standard deviation) age was 48 years (±14 years). Images were independently evaluated by two otologists, and the bone overlying the superior canal was characterized as normal, suspicious, or definite SCD.ResultsThe prevalence (3.4%) of definite SCD in COM ears was significantly higher than that (0.3%) in normal ears. The prevalence (6.6%) of suspicious or definite SCD in COM ears was also higher than that (1.2%) in normal ears. There was no correlation between the prevalence of SCD and age in either normal or COM ears. All of the normal ears with suspicious or definite SCD also showed contralateral suspicious or definite SCD (bilateral involvement).ConclusionsOur present findings suggest that the COM is related to the presence of SCD. The roof of the temporal bone may become thin by the failure of postnatal bone development and susceptible to chronic brain pulsation and pressure exerted by the temporal lobe in COM ears.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 124:746–750, 2014
Corticosteroids in peritonsillar abscess treatment: A blinded placebo‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Chau Jason K. M. , Seikaly Hadi R. , Harris Jeffery R. , Villa‐Roel Cristina , Brick Craig , Rowe Brian H. 
Published: June 2013

Objectives/HypothesisSore throat is a common, benign emergency department (ED) presentation; however, peritonsillar abscess (PTA) is a complication that requires aggressive management. Use of systemic corticosteroids (SCSs) in PTA is occurring without clear evidence of benefit. This study examined the efficacy and safety of SCS treatment for patients with PTA.Study DesignRandomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial.MethodsA controlled trial with concealed allocation and double‐blinding was conducted at two Canadian EDs. Following written informed consent, eligible patients received 48 hours of intravenous clindamycin and a single dose of the study drug (dexamethasone [DEX] or placebo [PLAC], intravenously [IV]). Follow‐up occurred at 24 hours, 48 hours, and 7 days. The primary outcome was pain; other outcomes were side effects and return to normal activities/diet.ResultsA total of 182 patients were screened for eligibility; 41 patients were enrolled (21 DEX; 20 PLAC). At 24 hours, those receiving DEX reported lower pain scores (1.4 vs. 5.1; P = .009); however, these differences disappeared by 48 hours (P = .22) and 7 days (P = .4). At 24 hours, more patients receiving DEX returned to normal activities (33% vs. 11%) and dietary intake (38% vs 25%); however, these differences were not significant and disappeared by 48 hours and 7 days. Side effects were rare and did not differ between groups (P > .05).ConclusionsCombined with PTA drainage and IV antibiotics, 10 mg IV DEX resulted in less pain at 24 hours when compared to PLAC, without any serious side effects. This effect is short‐lived, and further research is required on factors associated with PTA treatment success.Level of Evidence1b Laryngoscope, 124:97–103, 2014
Mitigate B1+ inhomogeneity using spatially selective radiofrequency excitation with generalized spatial encoding magnetic fields
Authors: Hsu Yi‐Cheng , Chern I‐Liang , Zhao Wei , Gagoski Borjan , Witzel Thomas , Lin Fa‐Hsuan 
Published: June 2013

PurposeHigh‐field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has the challenge of inhomogeneous B1+, and consequently inhomogeneous flip angle distribution, which causes spatially dependent contrast and makes clinical diagnosis difficult.MethodWe propose a two‐step pulse design procedure in which (1) a combination of linear and nonlinear spatial encoding magnetic fields (SEMs) is used to remap the B1+ map in order to reduce the dimensionality of the problem, (2) the locations, amplitudes, and phases of spoke pulses are estimated in one dimension. The advantage of this B1+ remapping is that when the isointensity contours of a linear combination of SEMs are similar to the isointensity contours of B1+, a simple pulse sequence design using time‐varying SEMs can achieve a homogenous flip‐angle distribution efficiently.ResultsWe demonstrate that spatially selective radiofrequency (RF) excitation with generalized SEMs (SAGS) using both linear and quadratic SEMs in a multi‐spoke k‐space trajectory can mitigate the B1+ inhomogeneity at 7T efficiently. Numerical simulations based on experimental data suggest that, compared with other methods, SAGS provide a formulation allowing multiple‐pulse design, a similar average flip‐angle distribution with less RF power, and/or a more homogeneous flip‐angle distribution.ConclusionWithout using multiple RF coils for parallel transmission, SAGS can be used to mitigate the B1+ inhomogeneity in high‐field MRI experiments. Magn Reson Med 71:1458–1469, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluating the Contemporaneity of Households at the Eden‐Farson site
Authors: O'Brien M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractArchaeologists often rely on absolute dating methods, but the standard deviations associated with these approaches often leave us wondering what to make of spatially related archaeological units, such as adjacent sites, clusters of features or regional‐scale investigations. This issue is particularly relevant to the Shoshone Protohistoric site of Eden‐Farson located in southwest Wyoming. The campsite consists of at least 11 discrete excavation units and is associated with a successful communal game drive of over 156 pronghorn. Yet the sheer number of pronghorn and the ambiguous nature of the near‐surface cultural deposits have left researchers debating whether it represents a single occupation associated with a single successful game drive. Using a multivariate refit model, I have performed a bilateral refit analysis to identify links between the excavation units. Strong evidence for contemporaneity of Eden‐Farson excavation units comes from 38 linkages between 10 of the 11 proveniences. Coeval occupation of the separate houses also allows for an analysis of food‐sharing behaviours. With the last game drive occurring in the 1870s, the Eden‐Farson site provides a rare opportunity to examine the social organisation of communal hunting. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of obesity on functional capacity
Authors: Pataky Zoltan , Armand Stéphane , Müller‐Pinget Solange , Golay Alain , Allet Lara 
Published: June 2013

ObjectiveTo assess the relationships between BMI and walking speed, balance control, sit‐to‐stand performance (a measure of mass specific lower limb power), and endurance.Design and MethodsThirty‐six women with a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2and 10 women with normal body weight (BMI between 18 kg/m2and 25 kg/m2) were enrolled in this observational study. The obese group comprised 12 persons with a BMI ≥ 30 and <35 (obese), 14 subjects with a BMI ≥ 35 and <40 (severe obesity) and 10 people with a BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2(morbid obesity). All subjects underwent a clinical examination, a gait test, an endurance test (6 minutes walking test), a mass specific lower limb power test (five times sit‐to‐stand) and a balance test.ResultsObese women exhibited slower fast gait speeds (P< 0.05) with correspondingly shorter stride lengths, poorer sit‐to‐stand performance (P< 0.05), and endurance (P< 0.05). However, once the state of severe obesity was reached, additional weight gain (morbid obesity) does not seem to decrease these functional capacities any further.ConclusionThis study underlines the importance of assessing obese patients' related physical problems in an early stage of obesity in order to focus exercise regimens and promote appropriate health behaviors.
School‐based obesity prevention programs: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Sobol‐Goldberg Shira , Rabinowitz Jonathan , Gross Revital 
Published: June 2013

ObjectiveAttempts have been made to reduce childhood obesity through school‐based programs. Systematic reviews of studies until 2006 reported a lack of consistency about effectiveness of such programs. Presented is an updated systematic review and meta‐analysis.Design and MethodsReplication of methodology used in previous comprehensive systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials of school‐based obesity prevention programs covering studies until 2006 to review studies thru January 2012.ResultsBased on 32 studies (n = 52,109), programs were mildly effective in reducing BMI relative to controls not receiving intervention. Studies of children had significant intervention effects, those of teenagers did not, though the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant. Meta‐regression showed a significant linear hierarchy of studies with the largest effects for comprehensive programs more than 1 year long that aimed to provide information on nutrition and physical activity, change attitudes, monitor behavior, modify environment, involve parents, increase physical activity and improve diet, particularly among children.ConclusionsUnlike earlier studies, more recent studies showed convincing evidence that school‐based prevention interventions are at least mildly effective in reducing BMI in children, possibly because these newer studies tended to be longer, more comprehensive and included parental support.
Gene‐by‐age effects on BMI from birth to adulthood: The fels longitudinal study
Authors: Choh Audrey C. , Lee Miryoung , Kent Jack W. , Diego Vincent P. , Johnson William , Curran Joanne E. , Dyer Thomas D. , Bellis Claire , Blangero John , Siervogel Roger M. , Towne Bradford , Demerath Ellen W. , Czerwinski Stefan A. 
Published: June 2013

ObjectivesGenome wide association studies have shown 32 loci to influence BMI in European‐American adults but replication in other studies is inconsistent and may be attributed to gene‐by‐age effects. The aims of this study were to determine if the influence of the summed risk score of these 32 loci (GRS) on BMI differed across age from birth to 40 years, and to determine if additive genetic effects other than those in the GRS differed by age.MethodsSerial measures of BMI were calculated at 0, 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 28 months, and 4, 7, 11, 15, 19, 23, 30, and 40 years for 1,176 (605 females, 571 males) European‐American participants in the Fels Longitudinal Study. SOLAR was used for genetic analyses.ResultsGRS was significant (P < 0.05) at ages: 6, 9 months, 4‐15 years, and 23‐40 years. Remaining additive genetic effects independently influenced BMI (P < 5.3 × 10−5, 0.40 < h2 < 0.76). Some genetic correlations between ages were not significant. Differential GRS effects did not retain significance after multiple comparisons adjustments.ConclusionsWhile well‐known BMI variants do not appear to have significant differential effects, other additive genes differ over the lifespan.
Polymeric biomaterials with engineered degradation
Authors: Deshayes Stéphanie , Kasko Andrea M. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTPolymeric biomaterials are widely used as carriers for cells and therapeutic agents. Until recently, most research has been limited to a relatively narrow number of monomers and chemistries. A fundamental challenge in developing clinically relevant polymeric biomaterials is to independently control their chemical and physical properties across multiple scales in both time and space. Control over a biomaterial's chemical and physical properties is critical to recapitulate the complex cascades of signals and complex microenvironments found in nature. Typically, dynamically responsive biomaterials either degrade in the presence of a stimulus (i.e., water induces hydrolysis) or experience a change in solubility on application of the stimulus (i.e., temperature induces gelation via lower critical solution temperature LCST). This highlight discusses recent advances in stimulated and controlled degradation of polymeric biomaterials. The goal of this review is to provide a broad overview of physiologically relevant stimuli used to control the degradation of a wide range of polymeric biomaterials with varying architectures and physical forms. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 3531–3566
Multiblock copolymers of ε–caprolactone and ethylene glycol containing periodic side‐chain carboxyl groups: Synthesis, characterization, and nanoparticle preparation
Authors: Lapi Anna Maria , Altomare Angelina , Alderighi Michele , Corti Andrea , Dessy Alberto , Chiellini Federica , Solimando Antonella , Solaro Roberto 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTMultiblock copolymers containing periodically spaced side‐chain carboxyl groups were obtained by a two‐step synthesis involving the preparation of ABA triblock prepolymers of ε‐caprolactone (A blocks) and ethylene glycol (B block) followed by chain extension to ABAn multiblock copolymers by reaction with pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA). NMR analysis demonstrated the incorporation of PMDA in polymer chain and revealed the possibility of PMDA units to exist in two isomers, cisoid and transoid forms. Chain extension resulted in the incorporation of free carboxylic groups in polymer backbone and in an almost twofold increase of molecular weight. Thermal analysis indicated that the presence of PMDA residues interferes with the formation of crystalline phases by the chain‐extended polymers. The polymers were found to slowly degrade in buffer solution at 37 °C. Further, the carboxylated polymers can be processed into nanoparticulates by nanoprecipitation. Depending on the selected organic solvent, the particulate was constituted by either a monodispersed nanoparticles with average size of 150 nm or a bimodal distribution centered at about 100 nm and 7 μm. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 3800–3809
Imide‐functionalized naphthodithiophene based donor‐acceptor conjugated polymers for solar cells
Authors: Dutta Tanmoy , Li Yong , Thornton Aaron L. , Zhu Da‐Ming , Peng Zhonghua 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTDonor‐acceptor conjugated polymers containing a new imide‐functionalized naphthodithiophene (INDT) as the acceptor unit and a 2,2'‐bithiophene with varied substituents as the donor unit have been synthesized. The bandgaps of these polymers depend strongly on the dihedral angle of the 2,2'‐bithiophene unit. The 3,3'‐dialkoxy substitution (polymers PDOR/PBOR) leads to near planar bithiophene conformation due to the well‐known S–O short contact, while the 3,3'‐dialkyl substitution (polymer PDR) results in significant twisting due to the steric effect. Consequently PDOR/PBOR shows the lowest bandgap of 1.82/1.85 eV while PDR has a bandgap of 2.38 eV. Bulk‐heterojunction solar cells of the polymer/fullerene blends have been fabricated. Preliminary results show that PBOR gives the best device performance with power conversion efficiencies as high as 2.45% in air without any thermal annealing treatment, indicating the promising potential of INDT‐containing conjugated polymers for efficient solar cells. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 3818–3828