bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DAÑOS CAUSADOS POR EL BARRENADOR MAYOR DE LOS GRANOS Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (COLEOPTERA: BOSTRICHIDAE) EN MAÍZ Y RAMAS DE PLANTAS SILVESTRES
Authors: Bourne-Murrieta Luz R. , Wong-Corral Francisco J. , Borboa-Flores Jesús , Cinco-Moroyoqui Francisco J. 
Published: May 2014

Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) es un insecto barrenador de la madera que se ha adaptado a los productos alimenticios almacenados, principalmente de maíz. En este trabajo se cuantificaron las pérdidas y daños ocasionados por el barrenador en 10 variedades de maíz y 10 especies vegetales para determinar la susceptibilidad y los efectos que el insecto pudiera ocasionar si se adapta a las condiciones del noroeste de México. Las semillas de los maíces y los trozos de ramas de las especies arbóreas se sometieron a infestación artificial por adultos de P. truncatus y se incubaron a 27 ± 1 °C y 70 ± 3 % de humedad relativa. La preferencia de los insectos y los daños ocasionados en cada material fueron determinados. Los insectos prefirieron y dañaron en mayor grado al “Maizón”, una variedad de maíz criollo sembrado por los productores de la región serrana de Sonora. Los trozos de ramas con mayor daño provocado por P. truncatus fueron Ricinus communis, Jatropha cardiophylla y Parkinsonia aculeata; sin embargo, el insecto no fue capaz de reproducirse en éstas. El “Maizón” también presentó la disminución más drástica de germinación y fue una de las variedades con mayor número de adultos de P. truncatus emergidos.
EFECTO DEL MEDIO DE CULTIVO EN EL DESARROLLO DE Suillus granulatus (L.) Roussel y S. brevipes (Pk.) Kuntze
Authors: Murrieta-Hernández Dulce Ma. , Noa-Carrazana Juan C. , Mata-Rosas Martín , Pineda-López María del R. , Zulueta-Rodríguez Ramón , Flores-Estévez Norma 
Published: May 2014

La tasa de crecimiento micelial de los hongos ectomicorrícicos Suillus granulatus y S. brevipes, se evaluó en tres medios de cultivo (PDA, BAF y MNM) con dos valores de pH (4.8 y 5.8), con el fin de seleccionar el mejor medio de cultivo. Las cepas se aislaron de esporomas colectados en el bosque de Pinus hartwegii del Parque Nacional Cofre de Perote, Veracruz, México. Se encontraron diferencias significativas (Tukey, P ≤ 0.05) en el área de crecimiento de ambas especies; los valores más altos se registraron en el medio PDA. Respecto a los valores de pH evaluados, no hubo diferencias significativas. Cada uno de los medios evaluados se puede utilizar para el cultivo de las cepas S. granulatus y S. brevipes dependiendo de los objetivos. El medio PDA fue el mejor sustrato para el crecimiento de las cepas. Se sugiere utilizar el medio BAF para la producción masiva de micelio para inóculo y el medio MNM se recomienda ya sea para el mantenimiento de las cepas o para pruebas de micorrización.
Determination of textural properties of different kinds of ketchups of two different rates under different conditions of storage for the determination of their consumal quality
Authors: Bebejová Andrea , Čapla Jozef , Zajác Peter , Belej Ľubomí­r , Čurlej Jozef , Vietoris Vladimí­r 
Published: May 2014

The aim of this work is an evaluation of structural properties of ketchups originating from five different producers at two different batches and consecutively their comparison in different storage conditions and a determination of their consumable quality. Using the objective instrumental method based on physical deformation of the sample we evaluated properties like, viscosity and consistency of ketchups on texturometer TA.XT plus (Stable Micro Systems, Godalming, United Kingdom). These tests were completed on the basis of regressive extrusion using a hyperbaric disc. The consistency of each ketchup from the first rate determined by regressive extrusion ranged from 2656.82 g.s-1 to 5137.37 g.s-1. The lowest value 2656.82 g.s-1 was found in the sample A after 3 days of storage at the temperature 5 °C, the highest value 5137.37 gs-1 was found in the sample C after 10 days of storage at the temperature 5 °C. The value of the consistency in each of the samples didn´t change much, not even after the ketchups were stored at a room temperature for 24 hours. The consistency of each of the ketchups from the second rate determined by the regressive extrusion ranged form 2700.14 g.s-1 to 5133.94 g.s-1. The lowest value 2700.14 g.s-1 was found in the sample A after 10 days of storage at the temperature 5 °C, the highest value 5133.94 g.s-1 was found in the sample C after buying in a market and consequential cooling to 5 °C. The value of the consistency in each of the samples didn´t change much, not even after the ketchups were stored at a room temperature for 24 hours. The results obtained from the evaluation of the texture can be used to optimize the production and thereby prolonging the duration of maintaining its characteristics during the period of minimum durability.
Bone adaptation to simultaneous cadmium and diazinon toxicity in adult male rats
Authors: Chovancová Hana , Omelka Radoslav , Boboňová Ivana , Formicki Grzegorz , Toman Róbert , Martiniaková Monika 
Published: May 2014

Food contamination from natural or anthropogenic sources poses severe risks to health of human and animals. Bone is a metabolically active organ, which can be affected by various toxic substances, such as cadmium (Cd) and diazinon (DZN), leading to disruption in bone metabolic processes. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of simultaneous peroral administration to Cd and DZN on femoral compact bone structure in adult male rats. A total of twenty 1-month-old male Wistar rats were randomized into two experimental groups. In the first group (EG), young males were dosed with a combination of 30 mg CdCl2/L and 40 mg DZN/L in drinking water, for 90 days. Ten 1-month-old males without Cd-DZN intoxication served as a control group (CG). After 90 days of daily peroral exposure, evaluations of femoral bonemacro- and micro-structure were performed in each group. We found no significant differences in body weight, femoral weight, femoral length and cortical bone thickness between both groups (EG and CG). However, rats from the group EG displayed different microstructure in the middle part of the substantia compacta where primary vascular radial bone tissue appeared. In some cases, vascular expansion was so enormous that canals were also present near the periost. On the other hand, they occurred only near endosteal surfaces in rats from the control group. Moreover, a smaller number of primary and secondary osteons was identified in Cd-DZN-exposed rats. This fact signalizes reduced mechanical properties of their bones. Anyway, our results suggest an adaptive response of compact bone tissue to Cd-DZN-induced toxicity in adult male rats in order to prevent osteonecrosis.
Chemical composition of fruits of a feijoa (F. sellowiana) in the conditions of subtropics of Russia
Authors: Belous Oksana , Omarov Magomed , Omarova Zuchra 
Published: May 2014

The feijoa is culture quite widespread on the Black Sea coast of Russia. Difficulties are connected with absence in Russia of grades. All gardens have only the mix of grades, which is grown up from seeds. At institute are going of work on creation of productive varieties, with good quality parameters. Data on chemical and biochemical composition of fruits of high-yielding forms of a feijoa are provided in article. After carried-out selection work we selected a large number of perspective forms of a feijoa (more than 50). However not all of them was repeated by the results on productivity and were excluded from works on further studying. For today after rejection there were no more than two tens perspective forms. They differ from each other on productivity, terms of maturing and quality of fruits. On efficiency the D-1 forms (Dagomys), 0-01 (Country) and 10-22 are allocated - productivity of fruits (on the average in 7 years) made respectively 33.3, 20.1 and 12.4 kg from a bush. The plants are sorted out according to the productivity, ripening terms and fruit quality. It is defined that early ripe grades are characterized by higher activity of oxidizing enzymes (263.1 mL.O2.g-1). In a zone of damp subtropics the grades containing increased quantity of carotinoids are steadier (0.31 mg.g-1). The contents in fruits of a feijoa of such substances, as vitamin P, Р-active and pectin substances, ascorbic acid, macro and microelements are revealed. Fruits of a feijoa are differed the increased accumulation of sugars, at some forms the content of sucrose prevails over amount of monosaccharide. High accumulation of vitamin C (41.89 - 78.68 mg.dL-1) is noted. But we don't confirm the high content of iodine in fruits. Fruits of a feijoa can be considered as potential raw materials for production of canned products with a functional purpose.
Species identification of enterococci by biochemical test and molecular-genetic methods
Authors: Lavová Monika , Bezeková Jana , Čanigová Margita , Kročko Miroslav , Domig Konrad 
Published: May 2014

The aim of this study was comparison different methods of species identification of enterococci. One hundred and fifty three suspected colonies were isolated from milk and dairy products (cheeses from cow´s, ewe´s and goat´s milk). On the bases of their growth on BEA agar, microscopic characteristic, results of Gram staining, catalase test and PYRAtest was thirty four isolates assigned to the genus Enterococcus. These isolates were identified by commercial biochemical test EN-COCCUS. 52.9% of them were included in species E. faecalis, 29.4% in E. faecium, 14.7% in E. durans and 2.9% in E. group III. This group includes 3 species: E. durans, E. hirae, E. faecalis asaccharolytic var. Then 16S rRNA sequencing nucleotide of all isolates was realized. Results of sequencing were compared with NCBI database. Only 14.7% of isolates were in 100% accordance. One from them was species E. durans and others were designated as E. faecium. For 20.6% of detected isolates was in accordance with more reference strains. Other isolates were identical with reference strain on 99%. For verification of all results species-specific PCR was used and 52.9% isolates were identified as species E. faecalis, 32.4% as E. faecium and 14.7% as E. durans. Strains belonging to the species E. faecalis were identified the most reliable by all used methods.
Adding Value to the University of Oklahoma Libraries History of Science Collections through Digital Enhancement
Authors: Valentino Maura 
Published: May 2014

Much of the focus of digital collections has been and continues to be on rare and unique materials, including monographs. A monograph may be made even rarer and more valuable by virtue of hand written marginalia. Using technology to enhance scans of unique books and make previously unreadable marginalia readable increases the value of a digital object to researchers. This article describes a case study of enhancing the marginalia in a rare book by Copernicus.
Efflorescence upon humidification? X‐ray microspectroscopic in situ observation of changes in aerosol microstructure and phase state upon hydration
Authors: Pöhlker Christopher , Saturno Jorge , Krüger Mira L. , Förster Jan‐David , Weigand Markus , Wiedemann Kenia T. , Bechtel Michael , Artaxo Paulo , Andreae Meinrat O. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe phase and mixing state of atmospheric aerosols is a central determinant of their properties and thus their role in atmospheric cycling and climate. Particularly, the hygroscopic response of aerosol particles to relative humidity (RH) variation is a key aspect of their atmospheric life cycle and impacts. Here we applied X‐ray microspectroscopy under variable RH conditions to internally mixed aerosol particles from the Amazonian rain forest collected during periods with anthropogenic pollution. Upon hydration, we observed substantial and reproducible changes in particle microstructure, which appear as mainly driven by efflorescence and recrystallization of sulfate salts. Multiple solid and liquid phases were found to coexist, especially in intermediate humidity regimes. We show that X‐ray microspectroscopy under variable RH is a valuable technique to analyze the hygroscopic response of individual ambient aerosol particles. Our initial results underline that RH changes can trigger strong particle restructuring, in agreement with previous studies on artificial aerosols.
An astronomical age for the Bishop Tuff and concordance with radioisotopic dates
Authors: Zeeden Christian , Rivera Tiffany A. , Storey Michael 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe Bishop Tuff forms a key stratigraphic horizon for synchronization of Quaternary sedimentary records in North America. The unit stratigraphically overlies the Matuyama‐Brunhes geomagnetic polarity reversal by several thousand years; high‐precision dating of this tuff may be valuable for regional and global correlation of records. The Quaternary time scale is anchored by 40Ar/39Ar ages on lava flows and ash layers where available, with stage boundaries and geomagnetic reversals including astronomically tuned records. However, astronomical dating has not yet validated the high‐precision 238U/206Pb zircon and 40Ar/39Ar sanidine ages of the Bishop Tuff. We have identified the Bishop Tuff within the marine sedimentary record and derived an astronomical age of 0.765 ± 0.008 Ma by correlation to the LR04 δ18O global benthic stack and its age model. This age is consistent with Bishop Tuff radioisotopic ages, including new single crystal 40Ar/39Ar sanidine fusion analyses presented here, which demonstrates that concordance through multiple dating techniques is achievable within the Quaternary.
Nonspecular meteor trails from non‐field‐aligned irregularities: Can they be explained by presence of charged meteor dust?
Authors: Chau J. L. , Strelnikova I. , Schult C. , Oppenheim M. M. , Kelley M. C. , Stober G. , Singer W. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractNonspecular meteor echoes have been associated with field‐aligned irregularities and have been observed at low‐latitude and midlatitude sites. We present observations obtained at high latitudes with range‐time features that resemble those at lower latitudes. However, these echoes cannot come from field‐aligned irregularities, since the radar‐pointing angles are almost parallel to the magnetic field. Using interferometry, we have been able to discriminate space and time features. Our echoes could be qualitatively explained by the presence of charged dust forming from the meteoric material immersed in a turbulent flow. This can lead to a high Schmidt number plasma that can sustain meter‐scale turbulence just as it does for the polar mesospheric summer echoes. These rare events require relatively large meteoroids. The result emphasizes the importance of charged dust in understanding all long‐duration nonspecular meteor echoes. This dust will extend their diffusion times and will affect temperature estimations from specular echoes.
Synthesis of Thieno‐Fused Heterocycles through Reiterative Iodocyclization
Authors: Aurelio Luigi , Volpe Rohan , Halim Rosliana , Scammells Peter J. , Flynn Bernard L. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIodocyclization of ethynyl methyl sulfides gives 3‐iodo‐2‐thiomethyl heterocycles, setting up the synthesis of thieno‐fused systems through a subsequent iteration of alkyne coupling and iodocylization. This approach can also be exploited in the synthesis of polyfused thiophenes. In developing this protocol it was necessary to address issues associated with unfavourable electronic bias and redox sensitivity in some substrates. The manner in which these have been addressed should prove useful elsewhere in iodocyclization chemisty.magnified image
N‐Alkylations of NH‐Sulfoximines and NH‐Sulfondiimines with Alkyl Halides Mediated by Potassium Hydroxide in Dimethyl Sulfoxide
Authors: Hendriks Christine M. M. , Bohmann Rebekka A. , Bohlem Marina , Bolm Carsten 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA general method for the N‐alkylation of NH‐sulfoximines and NH‐sulfondiimines has been developed, employing alkyl bromides with KOH in DMSO at room temperature. A variety of previously inaccessible N‐alkylated sulfoximines and sulfondiimines was prepared in good to excellent yields (up to 97%). As an application, the conditions were used to access the biologically active Suloxifen.magnified image
Mutant huntingtin is present in neuronal grafts in huntington disease patients
Authors: Cicchetti Francesca , Lacroix Steve , Cisbani Giulia , Vallières Nicolas , Saint‐Pierre Martine , St‐Amour Isabelle , Tolouei Ranna , Skepper Jeremy N. , Hauser Robert A. , Mantovani Diego , Barker Roger A. , Freeman Thomas B. 
Published: May 2014

ObjectiveHuntington disease (HD) is caused by a genetically encoded pathological protein (mutant huntingtin [mHtt]), which is thought to exert its effects in a cell‐autonomous manner. Here, we tested the hypothesis that mHtt is capable of spreading within cerebral tissue by examining genetically unrelated fetal neural allografts within the brains of patients with advancing HD.MethodsThe presence of mHtt aggregates within the grafted tissue was confirmed using 3 different types of microscopy (bright‐field, fluorescence, and electron), 2 additional techniques consisting of Western immunoblotting and infrared spectroscopy, and 4 distinct antibodies targeting different epitopes of mHtt aggregates.ResultsWe describe the presence of mHtt aggregates within intracerebral allografts of striatal tissue in 3 HD patients who received their transplants approximately 1 decade earlier and then died secondary to the progression of their disease. The mHtt+ aggregates were observed in the extracellular matrix of the transplanted tissue, whereas in the host brain they were seen in neurons, neuropil, extracellular matrix, and blood vessels.InterpretationThis is the first demonstration of the presence of mHtt in genetically normal and unrelated allografted neural tissue transplanted into the brain of affected HD patients. These observations raise questions on protein spread in monogenic neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system characterized by the formation of mutant protein oligomers/aggregates. Ann Neurol 2014;76:31–42
Superelastic Organic Crystals
Authors: Takamizawa Satoshi , Miyamoto Yasuhiro 
Published: May 2014

AbstractSuperelastic materials (crystal‐to‐crystal transformation pseudo elasticity) that consist of organic components have not been observed since superelasticity was discovered in a Au‐Cd alloy in 1932. Superelastic materials have been exclusively developed in metallic or inorganic covalent solids, as represented by Ti‐Ni alloys. Organosuperelasticity is now revealed in a pure organic crystal of terephthalamide, which precisely produces a large motion with high repetition and high energy storage efficiency. This process is driven by a small shear stress owing to the low density of strain energy related to the low lattice energy.
Programmierbare und hochaufgelöste In‐vitro‐Detektion von genomischem 5‐Methylcytosin durch TALEs
Authors: Kubik Grzegorz , Schmidt Moritz J. , Penner Johanna E. , Summerer Daniel 
Published: May 2014

AbstractGenexpression ist stark durch spezifische Muster von genomischem 5‐Methylcytosin (mC) reguliert, aber die direkte Detektion dieser Modifizierung an benutzerdefinierten Genorten ist nur eingeschränkt möglich, unter anderem, weil es keine Proteine gibt, die zwischen mC und Cytosin (C) unterscheiden können und zugleich eine inhärente, programmierbare Sequenzselektivität bieten. Die hier vorgestellte Methode zur mC‐Detektion beruht auf mC‐abhängiger Steuerung der DNA‐Replikation und zeigt eine unerwartet ausgeprägte mC‐Sensitivität von Transkriptionsaktivator‐artigen Effektoren (TALEs). Damit kann der Methylierungsstatus und ‐grad an einzelnen C‐Positionen von Oligonucleotiden für die N‐terminalen und zentralen Regionen von TALEs eindeutig evaluiert werden, unabhängig von der Zielsequenz. Dies spricht für eine breite Anwendbarkeit und Robustheit der Methode zur hochaufgelösten mC‐Detektion und ermöglicht die Erkennung von mC an einzelnen Positionen in großen eukaryotischen Genomen.
Synthesis and Properties of a New Class of Fully Conjugated Azahexacene Analogues
Authors: Yue Wan , Suraru Sabin‐Lucian , Bialas David , Müller Matthias , Würthner Frank 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAcenes are a traditional class of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) which attracted considerable interest during the last decade because of their outstanding p‐channel semiconductor properties. More recently, N‐heteroacenes have been prepared. These molecules have been shown to be more stable and can exhibit n‐channel semiconductor properties. Inspired by these archetype PAHs, we synthesized a novel class of highly persistent azahexacene analogues 3 a–d. These molecules are composed of a core of four fused five‐membered rings derived from their respective diketopyrrolopyrroles. These new π‐conjugated scaffolds show broad and intense absorption in the visible region and possess low‐lying HOMO and LUMO levels, leading to much better stability compared to that of acenes and most heteroacenes.
A Rechargeable Hydrogen Battery Based on Ru Catalysis
Authors: Hsu Shih‐Fan , Rommel Susanne , Eversfield Philipp , Muller Keven , Klemm Elias , Thiel Werner R. , Plietker Bernd 
Published: May 2014

AbstractApart from energy generation, the storage and liberation of energy are among the major problems in establishing a sustainable energy supply chain. Herein we report the development of a rechargeable H2 battery which is based on the principle of the Ru‐catalyzed hydrogenation of CO2 to formic acid (charging process) and the Ru‐catalyzed decomposition of formic acid to CO2 and H2 (discharging process). Both processes are driven by the same catalyst at elevated temperature either under pressure (charging process) or pressure‐free conditions (discharging process). Up to five charging–discharging cycles were performed without decrease of storage capacity. The resulting CO2/H2 mixture is free of CO and can be employed directly in fuel‐cell technology.
Accessing New Chemical Entities through Microfluidic Systems
Authors: Rodrigues Tiago , Schneider Petra , Schneider Gisbert 
Published: May 2014

AbstractFlow systems have been successfully utilized for a wide variety of applications in chemical research and development, including the miniaturization of (bio)analytical methods and synthetic (bio)organic chemistry. Currently, we are witnessing the growing use of microfluidic technologies for the discovery of new chemical entities. As a consequence, chemical biology and molecular medicine research are being reshaped by this technique. In this Minireview we portray the state‐of‐the‐art, including the most recent advances in the application of microchip reactors as well as the micro‐ and mesoscale coil reactor‐assisted synthesis of bioactive small molecules, and forecast the potential future use of this promising technology.
Skeleton Decoration of NHCs by Amino Groups and its Sequential Booster Effect on the Palladium‐Catalyzed Buchwald–Hartwig Amination
Authors: Zhang Yin , César Vincent , Storch Golo , Lugan Noël , Lavigne Guy 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA challenging synthetic modification of PEPPSI‐type palladium pre‐catalysts consisting of a stepwise incorporation of one and two amino groups onto the NHC skeleton was seen to exert a sequential enhancement of the electronic donor properties. This appears to be positively correlated with the catalytic performances of the corresponding complexes in the Buchwald–Hartwig amination. This is illustrated, for example, by the quantitative amination of 4‐chloroanisole by morpholine within 2 h at 25 °C with a 2 mol % catalyst/substrate ratio or by a significant reduction of catalytic loading (down to 0.005 mol %) for the coupling of aryl chlorides with anilines (max TON: 19 600).