bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of landscape metrics and a Markov chain model to assess land cover changes within a forested watershed, Taiwan
Authors: Yeh Chun‐Kuo , Liaw Shyue‐Cherng 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAnalysis of land cover changes is fundamental for providing information about watershed land management, monitoring, and planning. This study reveals large‐scale land cover transformation under the effects of frequent natural disturbances within the Taimali watershed in eastern Taiwan during 2005–2011. A landscape analysis approach combining landscape metrics and a Markov chain model is used to understand land cover changes with regard to natural disturbances. Results of the composition metrics analysis show that the landslide area within the region has expanded 7.5 times (15.5 km2), but the forested area has shrunk by 10.6% (20.9 km2). Spatial configuration metrics analysis indicates that patches of forest are becoming small, irregular, and spatially fragmented, while landslide patches are expanding and becoming spatially aggregated. Land cover changes in the area are considered to have occurred mainly through loss and fragmentation of forest cover, and an increase in the number and area of landslides. During 2005–2011, the most noticeable area changes related to transitions from forest cover to landslides (15.8 km2) and channels (6.7 km2). However, the greatest transition probabilities were for human‐made patches changing into forest cover and channel corridors over the study period. Through the Markov chain analysis, three projected proportions of land cover for the periods 2017–2035 are produced. These three predictive scenarios pose different risks to downstream life and property. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ecological risk assessment for mink and short-tailed shrew exposed to PCBs, dioxins, and furans in the Housatonic River area
Authors: Moore Dwayne RJ , Breton Roger L , DeLong Tod R , Ferson Scott , Lortie John P , MacDonald Drew B , McGrath Richard , Pawlisz Andrzej , Svirsky Susan C , Teed R Scott , Thompson Ryan P , Whitfield Aslund Melissa 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
A probabilistic risk assessment was conducted to characterize risks to a representative piscivorous mammal (mink, Mustela vison) and a representative carnivorous mammal (short-tailed shrew, Blarina brevicauda) exposed to PCBs, dioxins, and furans in the Housatonic River area downstream of the General Electric (GE) facility in Pittsfield, Massachusetts. Contaminant exposure was estimated using a probabilistic total daily intake model and parameterized using life history information of each species and concentrations of PCBs, dioxins, and furans in prey collected in the Housatonic River study area. The effects assessment preferentially relied on dose–response curves but defaulted to benchmarks or other estimates of effect when there were insufficient toxicity data. The risk characterization used a weight of evidence approach. Up to 3 lines of evidence were used to estimate risks to the selected mammal species: 1) probabilistic exposure and effects modeling, 2) field surveys, and 3) species-specific feeding or field studies. The weight of evidence assessment indicated a high risk for mink and an intermediate risk for short-tailed shrew. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2016;12:174–184. © 2015 SETAC
Key Points
A probabilistic risk assessment was conducted to characterize risks to representative piscivorous and carnivorous mammals (mink and shrew, respectively) exposed to PCBs, dioxins and furans in the Housatonic River downstream of the General Electric (GE) facility in Pittsfield, Massachusetts. Contaminant exposure was estimated using a probabilistic total daily intake model, and parameterized using life history information of each species and concentrations of PCBs, dioxins and furans in prey collected in the Housatonic River study area. Based on probabilistic exposure and effects modeling, field surveys, and species-specific feeding or field studies, the weight of evidence assessment indicated a high risk for mink and an intermediate risk for short-tailed shrew.
A Kinase‐Independent Function of c‐Src Mediates p130Cas Phosphorylation at the Serine‐639 Site in Pressure Overloaded Myocardium
Authors: Palanisamy Arun P. , Suryakumar Geetha , Panneerselvam Kavin , Willey Christopher D. , Kuppuswamy Dhandapani 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTEarly work in pressure overloaded (PO) myocardium shows that integrins mediate focal adhesion complex formation by recruiting the adaptor protein p130Cas (Cas) and nonreceptor tyrosine kinase c‐Src. To explore c‐Src role in Cas‐associated changes during PO, we used a feline right ventricular in vivo PO model and a three‐dimensional (3D) collagen‐embedded adult cardiomyocyte in vitro model that utilizes a Gly‐Arg‐Gly‐Asp‐Ser (RGD) peptide for integrin stimulation. Cas showed slow electrophoretic mobility (band‐shifting), recruitment to the cytoskeleton, and tyrosine phosphorylation at 165, 249, and 410 sites in both 48 h PO myocardium and 1 h RGD‐stimulated cardiomyocytes. Adenoviral mediated expression of kinase inactive (negative) c‐Src mutant with intact scaffold domains (KN‐Src) in cardiomyocytes did not block the RGD stimulated changes in Cas. Furthermore, expression of KN‐Src or kinase active c‐Src mutant with intact scaffold function (A‐Src) in two‐dimensionally (2D) cultured cardiomyocytes was sufficient to cause Cas band‐shifting, although tyrosine phosphorylation required A‐Src. These data indicate that c‐Src's adaptor function, but not its kinase function, is required for a serine/threonine specific phosphorylation(s) responsible for Cas band‐shifting. To explore this possibility, Chinese hamster ovary cells that stably express Cas were infected with either β‐gal or KN‐Src adenoviruses and used for Cas immunoprecipitation combined with mass spectrometry analysis. In the KN‐Src expressing cells, Cas showed phosphorylation at the serine‐639 (human numbering) site. A polyclonal antibody raised against phospho‐serine‐639 detected Cas phosphorylation in 24–48 h PO myocardium. Our studies indicate that c‐Src's adaptor function mediates serine‐639 phosphorylation of Cas during integrin activation in PO myocardium. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 2793–2803, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantification of the impact of enzyme‐inducing antiepileptic drugs on irinotecan pharmacokinetics and SN‐38 exposure
Authors: Berg Alexander K. , Buckner Jan C. , Galanis Evanthia , Jaeckle Kurt A. , Ames Matthew M. , Reid Joel M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe population pharmacokinetic model reported here was developed using data from 2 phase 2 trials of irinotecan for treatment of malignant glioma to quantify the impact of concomitant therapy with enzyme‐inducing antiepileptic drugs (EIAEDs) on irinotecan pharmacokinetics. Patients received weekly irinotecan doses of 100 to 400 mg/m2, and plasma samples were collected and analyzed for irinotecan and its APC, SN‐38, and SN‐38G metabolites. Nonlinear mixed‐effects modeling was employed for population pharmacokinetic analysis. Concomitant therapy with phenytoin, phenobarbital, or carbamazepine increased the clearances of irinotecan, SN‐38, and SN‐38G but not APC. SN‐38 clearance was 2‐fold higher with concomitant EIAED use, resulting in 40% lower SN‐38 exposure. Evaluation of additional covariates revealed no clinically relevant effects of sex or concomitant corticosteroid use. The population pharmacokinetic model suggests that a 1.7‐fold increase in irinotecan dose may compensate for decreases in SN‐38 exposure in the presence of concomitant EIAEDs. Although slightly more conservative, this dose adjustment is consistent with those recommended based on increases in the maximally tolerated dose for malignant glioma patients receiving EIAEDs and may be an appropriate starting point for further investigation when extrapolating to other cancer types or alternative regimens.
Population pharmacokinetic modeling of quetiapine after administration of seroquel and seroquel XR formulations to Western and Chinese patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or bipolar disorder
Authors: Zhou Diansong , Bui Khanh H. , Li Jianguo , Al‐Huniti Nidal 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA population model describing quetiapine pharmacokinetics (PK) in Western and Chinese patients following oral administration of immediate‐release (IR) and extended‐release (XR) formulations was developed using plasma concentrations in 127 patients from 5 studies with quetiapine IR and/or XR in Western patients and 1 study with quetiapine XR in Chinese patients. A 1‐compartmental model with first‐order absorption and first‐order elimination adequately described the quetiapine PK. The typical apparent volume of distribution and elimination rate constant of quetiapine were 574 L and 0.12 h−1, respectively. The estimated population absorption rate constants were 1.46 and 0.10 h−1 for quetiapine IR and XR, respectively. Covariate analysis revealed that race was not a significant covariate influencing the PK of quetiapine. Simulation conducted with the final quetiapine population PK model predicted that the administration of a 200‐mg twice‐daily dose of quetiapine IR in Chinese patients would achieve a steady‐state AUC (AUCss) ± standard deviation of 3087 ± 1480 ng · h/mL, which is in close agreement with the reported value (3538 ± 1728 ng · h/mL). The model also predicted that once‐daily administration of 300 mg quetiapine IR or XR would achieve similar exposure in terms of AUCss in Chinese patients.
Potential‐based threshold voltage and subthreshold swing models for junctionless double‐gate metal‐oxide‐semiconductor field‐effect transistor with dual‐material gate
Authors: Wang Ping , Zhuang Yiqi , Li Cong , Liu Yuqi , Jiang Zhi 
Published: May 2015

SummaryOn the basis of quasi‐two‐dimensional solution of Poisson's equation, an analytical threshold voltage model for junctionless dual‐material double‐gate (JLDMDG) metal‐oxide‐semiconductor field‐effect transistor (MOSFET) is developed for the first time. The advantages of JLDMDG MOSFET are proved by comparing the central electrostatic potential and electric field distribution with those of junctionless single‐material double‐gate (JLSMDG) MOSFET. The proposed model explicitly shows how the device parameters (such as the silicon thickness, oxide thickness, and doping concentration) affect the threshold voltage. In addition, the variations of threshold voltage roll‐off, drain‐induced barrier lowering (DIBL), and subthreshold swing with the channel length are investigated. It is proved that the device performance for JLDMDG MOSFET can be changed flexibly by adjusting the length ratios of control gate and screen gate. The model is verified by comparing its calculated results with those obtained from three‐dimensional numerical device simulator ISE. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effectiveness of Cognitive Processing Therapy for Male and Female U.S. Veterans With and Without Military Sexual Trauma
Authors: Voelkel Emily , Pukay‐Martin Nicole D. , Walter Kristen H. , Chard Kathleen M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractMilitary sexual trauma (MST) affects approximately 2% and 36% of male and female veterans, respectively, (e.g., Allard, Gregory, Klest, & Platt, 2011). Although the deleterious consequences of MST have been clearly established, few studies have explored treatment effectiveness for this population. Using archival data from a residential treatment program, the current study explored the effectiveness of cognitive processing therapy (CPT) in treating full or subthreshold posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) to compare U.S. veterans reporting an MST index trauma (MST‐IT) to those without MST‐IT. Of the 481 participants, 40.7% endorsed MST‐IT. Multiway frequency analyses were utilized to compare men and women with and without MST on baseline demographic variables. Hierarchical linear models were constructed to investigate treatment outcome by MST status and sex. Results showed that 44.8%, 23.8%, and 19.6% of the variation in clinician‐ and self‐reported PTSD and depression symptoms were explained by three models. Scores on all outcome measures significantly decreased over time for both groups. Additionally, women demonstrated a sharper decrease in PTSD symptoms over time than men. Lastly, men who reported MST‐IT had higher PTSD symptoms than men without MST‐IT on average. With no control group or random assignment, preliminary findings suggest residential treatment including CPT may be effective for MST‐IT regardless of sex.
Evaluation of Jatropha curcas Genotypes for Rehabilitation of Degraded Sodic Lands
Authors: Singh Yash Pal , Nayak Amaresh K. , Sharma Dinesh Kumar , Singh Gurbachan , Mishra Vinay K. , Singh Dhananjay 
Published: May 2015

AbstractJatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) is recently introduced in several states as a source of biomass and bioenergy in India. It can withstand and survive on a wide range of soils. However, information related to identification of a genotype tolerant to certain levels of sodicity is lacking. Five Jatropha genotypes (BTP 1‐K, BTP 1‐N, BTP 1‐A, GCC‐1, and TNM‐5) collected from different ecological regions of the country were screened and evaluated for three years (2007–2010) at Lucknow, India, in sodic soils having four (20, 40, 60, and 80) exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) levels. A large variation in plant growth, seed yield, and oil content was observed among genotypes owing to sodicity levels. Plant mortality of all the genotypes increased significantly beyond ESP of 40. Among the genotypes screened, BTP 1‐A recorded the maximum plant height (240 cm), girth (34·0 cm), biomass yield (14·00 ± 1·43 kg plant−1), and number of fruits per plant (14·8) up to ESP 40. The highest seed oil content was found in BTP 1‐K and BTP 1‐N followed by BTP 1A and the minimum in TMN‐5 and GCC‐1. Soil amelioration in terms of soil pH, ESP, organic carbon, and microbial biomass was higher under genotype BTP 1‐A than BTP 1‐K, GCC‐1, and TNM‐5. Genotype BTP 1‐A was found to be suitable for producing more biomass and bioenergy and rehabilitation of degraded lands. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chlorophyllin‐M: A new substance for photodynamic therapy in the retina and choroid
Authors: Salomao Gustavo Henrique Araujo , Fernandes Adjaci Uchoa , Baptista Mauricio S. , Tardivo João Paulo , Christofolini Denise Maria , Correa João Antonio 
Published: May 2015

Background and ObjectiveChlorophyllin‐M is a new chlorophyll‐based derivative photosensitive compound developed by our research group with easy laboratorial synthesis and ideal properties for photodynamic therapy (PDT). It is intended for clinical treatments with simple and low cost techniques and reagents. The objective of this study is to evaluate if intravenous chlorophyllin‐M is able to deliver a photosensitizer to rabbit retina and rabbit choroid and promote PDT after ocular irradiation with a 660 nm LASER.MethodsThis is a pre‐clinical study. Ten eyes of five pigmented Californian rabbits were included in the study. The right eyes served as the treatment group, and the left eyes served as the control group. All eyes had been ophthalmologically evaluated and were considered normal.ResultsOphthalmic exam with anterior biomicroscopy, dilated fundus examination, and fluorescein angiography after the LASER procedure revealed normal anterior segment, retinal and choroid vessels occlusion, lumen narrowing, and capillary non‐perfusion in the treated areas, indicating that PDT was successful in the treatment eyes group.ConclusionThe results of this pre‐clinical study encourage future studies with this new compound. Chlorophyllin‐M may become a new cost‐effective agent in the retinal therapeutic arsenal. Lasers Surg. Med. 47:421–425, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Feasibility of measuring thermoregulation during RF heating of the human calf muscle using MR based methods
Authors: Simonis Frank F.J. , Petersen Esben T. , Lagendijk Jan J.W. , van den Berg Cornelis A.T. 
Published: May 2015

PurposeOne of the main safety concerns in MR is heating of the subject due to radiofrequency (RF) exposure. Recently was shown that local peak temperatures can reach dangerous values and the most prominent parameter for accurate temperature estimations is thermoregulation. Therefore, the goal of this research is testing the feasibility of measuring thermoregulation in vivo using MR methods.Theory and MethodsThe calves of 13 volunteers were scanned at 3 tesla. A Proton Resonance Frequency Shift method was used for temperature measurement. Arterial Spin Labeling and phase contrast scans were used for perfusion and flow measurements respectively. The calves were monitored during extreme RF exposure (20 W/kg, 16 min) and after physical exercise.ResultsTemperature increases due to RF absorption (range of the 90th percentile of all volunteers: 1.1–2.5°C) matched with the reference skin temperature changes. Increases in perfusion and flow were defined on the whole leg and normalized to baseline. Perfusion showed a significant increase due to RF heating (ratio compared with baseline: 1.28 ± 0.37; P < 0.05), the influence of exercise was much greater, however (2.97 ± 2.45, P < 0.01).ConclusionThis study represents a first exploration of measuring thermoregulation, which will become essential when new safety guidelines are based on thermal dose. Magn Reson Med 75:1743–1751, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantitative mapping of the per‐axon diffusion coefficients in brain white matter
Authors: Kaden Enrico , Kruggel Frithjof , Alexander Daniel C. 
Published: May 2015

PurposeThis article presents a simple method for estimating the effective diffusion coefficients parallel and perpendicular to the axons unconfounded by the intravoxel fiber orientation distribution. We also call these parameters the per‐axon or microscopic diffusion coefficients.Theory and MethodsDiffusion MR imaging is used to probe the underlying tissue material. The key observation is that for a fixed b‐value the spherical mean of the diffusion signal over the gradient directions does not depend on the axon orientation distribution. By exploiting this invariance property, we propose a simple, fast, and robust estimator of the per‐axon diffusion coefficients, which we refer to as the spherical mean technique.ResultsWe demonstrate quantitative maps of the axon‐scale diffusion process, which has factored out the effects due to fiber dispersion and crossing, in human brain white matter. These microscopic diffusion coefficients are estimated in vivo using a widely available off‐the‐shelf pulse sequence featuring multiple b‐shells and high‐angular gradient resolution.ConclusionThe estimation of the per‐axon diffusion coefficients is essential for the accurate recovery of the fiber orientation distribution. In addition, the spherical mean technique enables us to discriminate microscopic tissue features from fiber dispersion, which potentially improves the sensitivity and/or specificity to various neurological conditions. Magn Reson Med, 2015. Magn Reson Med 75:1752–1763, 2016. © 2015 The Authors. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Four‐dimensional MRI using three‐dimensional radial sampling with respiratory self‐gating to characterize temporal phase‐resolved respiratory motion in the abdomen
Authors: Deng Zixin , Pang Jianing , Yang Wensha , Yue Yong , Sharif Behzad , Tuli Richard , Li Debiao , Fraass Benedick , Fan Zhaoyang 
Published: May 2015

PurposeTo develop a four‐dimensional MRI (4D‐MRI) technique to characterize the average respiratory tumor motion for abdominal radiotherapy planning.MethodsA continuous spoiled gradient echo sequence was implemented with 3D radial trajectory and 1D self‐gating for respiratory motion detection. Data were retrospectively sorted into different respiratory phases based on their temporal locations within a respiratory cycle, and each phase was reconstructed by means of a self‐calibrating CG‐SENSE program. Motion phantom, healthy volunteer and patient studies were performed to validate the respiratory motion detected by the proposed method against that from a 2D real‐time protocol.ResultsThe proposed method successfully visualized the respiratory motion in phantom and human subjects. The 4D‐MRI and real‐time 2D‐MRI yielded comparable superior–inferior (SI) motion amplitudes (intraclass correlation = 0.935) with up‐to one pixel mean absolute differences in SI displacements over 10 phases and high cross‐correlation between phase‐resolved displacements (phantom: 0.985; human: 0.937–0.985). Comparable anterior–posterior and left–right displacements of the tumor or gold fiducial between 4D and real‐time 2D‐MRI were also observed in the two patients, and the hysteresis effect was shown in their 3D trajectories.ConclusionWe demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed 4D‐MRI technique to characterize abdominal respiratory motion, which may provide valuable information for radiotherapy planning. Magn Reson Med 75:1574–1585, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A field camera for MR sequence monitoring and system analysis
Authors: Dietrich Benjamin E. , Brunner David O. , Wilm Bertram J. , Barmet Christoph , Gross Simon , Kasper Lars , Haeberlin Maximilian , Schmid Thomas , Vannesjo S. Johanna , Pruessmann Klaas P. 
Published: May 2015

PurposeMR image formation and interpretation relies on highly accurate dynamic magnetic fields of high fidelity. A range of mechanisms still limit magnetic field fidelity, including magnet drifts, eddy currents, and finite linearity and stability of power amplifiers used to drive gradient and shim coils. Addressing remaining errors by means of hardware, sequence, or signal processing optimizations, calls for immediate observation by magnetic field monitoring. The present work presents a stand‐alone monitoring system delivering insight into such field imperfections for MR sequence and system analysis.MethodsA flexible NMR field probe‐based stand‐alone monitoring system, built on a software‐defined‐radio approach, is introduced and used to sense field dynamics up to third‐order in space in a selection of situations with different time scales.ResultsHighly sensitive trajectories are measured and successfully used for image reconstruction. Further field perturbations due to mechanical oscillations and thermal field drifts following demanding gradient use and external interferences are studied.ConclusionA flexible and versatile monitoring system is presented, delivering camera‐like access to otherwise hardly accessible field dynamics with nanotesla resolution. Its stand‐alone nature enables field analysis even during unknown MR system states. Magn Reson Med 75:1831–1840, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Office immunotherapy in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and multifocal motor neuropathy
Authors: Dyck Peter J. , Taylor Bruce V. , Davies Jenny L. , Mauermann Michelle L. , Litchy William J. , Klein Christopher J. , Dyck P. James B. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTIntravenous immunoglobulin [IVIg], plasma exchange [PE], and corticosteroids are efficacious treatment in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy [CIDP]. IVIg is effective in multifocal motor neuropathy [MMN]. NIS, NIS‐weakness, sum scores of raw amplitudes of motor fiber (CMAPs) amplitudes, and Dyck/Rankin score provided reliable measures to detect and scale abnormality and reflect change; they are therefore ideal for office management of response‐based immunotherapy (R‐IRx) of CIDP. Using efficacious R‐IRx, a large early and late therapeutic response (≥ one‐fourth were in remission or had recovered) was demonstrated in CIDP. In MMN only an early improvement with late non‐significant worsening was observed. The difference in immunotherapy response supports a fundamental difference between CIDP (immune attack on Schwann cells and myelin) and MMN (attack on nodes of Ranvier and axons). Muscle Nerve 52: 488–497, 2015