bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rb and FZR1/Cdh1 determine CDK4/6-cyclin D requirement in C. elegans and human cancer cells
Authors: The Inge , Ruijtenberg Suzan , Bouchet Benjamin P. , Cristobal Alba , Prinsen Martine B. W. , van Mourik Tim , Koreth John , Xu Huihong , Heck Albert J. R. , Akhmanova Anna , Cuppen Edwin , Boxem Mike , Muñoz Javier , van den Heuvel Sander 
Published: January 2015

AbstractCyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) in complex with D-type cyclins promote cell cycle entry. Most human cancers contain overactive CDK4/6-cyclin D, and CDK4/6-specific inhibitors are promising anti-cancer therapeutics. Here, we investigate the critical functions of CDK4/6-cyclin D kinases, starting from an unbiased screen in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. We found that simultaneous mutation of lin-35, a retinoblastoma (Rb)-related gene, and fzr-1, an orthologue to the APC/C co-activator Cdh1, completely eliminates the essential requirement of CDK4/6-cyclin D (CDK-4/CYD-1) in C. elegans. CDK-4/CYD-1 phosphorylates specific residues in the LIN-35 Rb spacer domain and FZR-1 amino terminus, resembling inactivating phosphorylations of the human proteins. In human breast cancer cells, simultaneous knockdown of Rb and FZR1 synergistically bypasses cell division arrest induced by the CDK4/6-specific inhibitor PD-0332991. Our data identify FZR1 as a candidate CDK4/6-cyclin D substrate and point to an APC/CFZR1 activity as an important determinant in response to CDK4/6-inhibitors.
A ferromagnetically coupled Fe42 cyanide-bridged nanocage
Authors: Kang Soonchul , Zheng Hui , Liu Tao , Hamachi Kohei , Kanegawa Shinji , Sugimoto Kunihisa , Shiota Yoshihito , Hayami Shinya , Mito Masaki , Nakamura Tetsuya , Nakano Motohiro , Baker Michael L. , Nojiri Hiroyuki , Yoshizawa Kazunari , Duan Chunying , Sato Osamu 
Published: January 2015

AbstractSelf-assembly of artificial nanoscale units into superstructures is a prevalent topic in science. In biomimicry, scientists attempt to develop artificial self-assembled nanoarchitectures. However, despite extensive efforts, the preparation of nanoarchitectures with superior physical properties remains a challenge. For example, one of the major topics in the field of molecular magnetism is the development of high-spin (HS) molecules. Here, we report a cyanide-bridged magnetic nanocage composed of 18 HS iron(III) ions and 24 low-spin iron(II) ions. The magnetic iron(III) centres are ferromagnetically coupled, yielding the highest ground-state spin number (S=45) of any molecule reported to date.
Role of indigenous iron in improving sludge dewaterability through peroxidation
Authors: Zhou Xu , Jiang Guangming , Wang Qilin , Yuan Zhiguo 
Published: January 2015

AbstractImprovement of sludge dewaterability is important for reducing the total costs for the treatment and disposal of sludge in wastewater treatment plants. In this study, we investigate the use of hydrogen peroxide as an oxidizing reagent for the conditioning of waste activated sludge. Significant improvement to sludge dewaterability was attained after the addition of hydrogen peroxide at 30 mg/g TS and 28 mg/g TS under acidic conditions (pH = 3.0), with the highest reduction of capillary suction time being 68% and 56%, respectively, for sludge containing an iron concentration of 56 mg Fe/g TS and 25 mg Fe/g TS, respectively. The observations were due to Fenton reactions between the iron contained in sludge (indigenous iron) and hydrogen peroxide. For the sludge with an insufficient level of indigenous iron, the addition of ferrous chloride was found to be able to improve the sludge dewaterability. The results firstly indicated that indigenous iron can be utilized similarly as the externally supplied iron salt to improve sludge dewaterability through catalyzing the Fenton reactions.
Orientation in multi-layer chitosan hydrogel: morphology, mechanism and design principle
Authors: Nie Jingyi , Lu Wentao , Ma Jianjun , Yang Ling , Wang Zhengke , Qin An , Hu Qiaoling 
Published: January 2015

AbstractHydrogels with organized structure have attracted remarkable attentions for bio-related applications. Among the preparation of hierarchical hydrogel materials, fabrication of hydrogel with multi-layers is an important branch. Although the generation mechanism of layers had been fully discussed, sub-layer structure was not sufficiently studied. In this research, multi-layered chitosan hydrogel with oriented structure was constructed and the formation mechanism of orientation was proposed, based on gelation behavior and entanglement of polymer chains in the hydrogel-solution system. Employing the layered-oriented characteristic, chitosan hydrogel materials with various shapes and structure can be designed and fabricated.
Fermi surface reconstruction and multiple quantum phase transitions in the antiferromagnet CeRhIn
5
Authors: Jiao Lin , Chen Ye , Kohama Yoshimitsu , Graf David , Bauer E. D. , Singleton John , Zhu Jian-Xin , Weng Zongfa , Pang Guiming , Shang Tian , Zhang Jinglei , Lee Han-Oh , Park Tuson , Jaime Marcelo , Thompson J. D. , Steglich Frank , Si Qimiao , Yuan H. Q. 
Published: January 2015

Significance
Conventional, thermally driven continuous phase transitions are described by universal critical behavior that is independent of microscopic details of a specific material. An analogous description is lacking for phase transitions that are driven at absolute zero temperature by a nonthermal control parameter. Classification of quantum-driven phase transitions is a fundamental but open problem that arises in diverse contexts and multiple classes of materials. Here we report the first observation, to our knowledge, of a sharp Fermi surface reconstruction while applying a strong magnetic field to suppress an antiferromagnetic transition to zero temperature. These experiments demonstrate that direct measurements of the Fermi surface can distinguish theoretically proposed models of quantum criticality and point to a universal description of quantum phase transitions.
Clofazimine shortens the duration of the first-line treatment regimen for experimental chemotherapy of tuberculosis
Authors: Tyagi Sandeep , Ammerman Nicole C. , Li Si-Yang , Adamson John , Converse Paul J. , Swanson Rosemary V. , Almeida Deepak V. , Grosset Jacques H. 
Published: January 2015

Significance
The infectious disease tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem that affects millions of people worldwide. TB treatment consists of a multidrug regimen that needs to be taken for a minimum of 6 mo, and lack of adherence to this regimen is associated with treatment failure and emergence of drug resistance. In a mouse model of TB chemotherapy, we have found that inclusion of the antileprosy drug clofazimine in the first-line regimen for TB reduces the duration of treatment necessary to achieve relapse-free cure from 6 mo to 3 mo. Our data suggest that clofazimine, a drug already known to be safe for long-term administration to patients with leprosy, has the potential to significantly shorten the duration of TB treatment.
Flies expand the repertoire of protein structures that bind ice
Authors: Basu Koli , Graham Laurie A. , Campbell Robert L. , Davies Peter L. 
Published: January 2015

Significance
A previously unidentified insect antifreeze protein has been characterized in a fly. It is present in the adult stage of midges that emerge from fresh water in the spring and need protection from occasional night frosts. The mature protein has 79 residues and is small and repetitive enough to be reliably modeled as a tightly wound solenoid structure. Each tandem repeat of 10 residues forms a coil of the solenoid that is cross-braced by a disulfide bond. This fold orients a row of seven stacked tyrosine side chains to make a flat surface, which is the predicted ice-binding site of the protein. This protein has no homologs in the database and has, therefore, recently evolved to protect its host from freezing.
Semilocal density functional obeying a strongly tightened bound for exchange
Authors: Sun Jianwei , Perdew John P. , Ruzsinszky Adrienn 
Published: January 2015

Significance
Efficient calculation of the properties of atoms, molecules, and solids on the computer requires a semilocal approximation to the density functional for the exchange-correlation energy, which becomes thereby a single integral over three-dimensional space. A recent, strongly tightened lower bound on the exchange energy has been built into the approximation “meta-generalized gradient approximations made very simple,” or MGGA-MVS, with accurate results for heats of formation, energy barriers, and weak interactions of molecules, and for lattice constants of solids. This would not have been possible without the use of a third ingredient (the local kinetic energy density) in addition to the standard two (the local electron density and its gradient). This third ingredient permits accurate energies even with the drastically tightened bound.
Asymmetric synthesis of 3-azide-4-fluoro-l-phenylalanine
Authors: Adachi Masaatsu , Nakajima Mado , Isobe Minoru 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The asymmetric synthesis of N-Fmoc-protected 3-azide-4-fluoro-l-phenylalanine as a photoactive phenylalanine analog has been achieved by Schöllkopf’s alkylation.
Engineering aspects of rate-related processes in food manufacturing
Authors: Adachi Shuji 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Many rate-related phenomena occur in food manufacturing processes. This review addresses four of them, all of which are topics that the author has studied in order to design food manufacturing processes that are favorable from the standpoint of food engineering. They include chromatographic separation through continuous separation with a simulated moving adsorber, lipid oxidation kinetics in emulsions and microencapsulated systems, kinetic analysis and extraction in subcritical water, and water migration in pasta.
Rapid separation of seed gliadins by reversed-phase ultra performance liquid chromatography (RP-UPLC) and its application in wheat cultivar and germplasm identification
Authors: Han Caixia , Lu Xaiobing , Yu Zitong , Li Xiaohui , Ma Wujun , Yan Yueming 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
To separate gliadin from wheat flour, a novel and stability-indicating reversed-phase ultra performance liquid chromatography (RP-UPLC) method is established and optimized. A comparative analysis of routine capillary electrophoresis (CE), reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), and RP-UPLC was performed and the results showed that the resolution and efficiency of RP-UPLC were significantly higher than those of CE and RP-HPLC. Characteristic RP-UPLC patterns of different bread wheat variety and related species were readily identified. These results demonstrated that our RP-UPLC procedure resulted in significant improvements in sensitivity, speed, and resolution, and thus is highly useful in wheat cultivar and germplasm identification.
Multidisciplinary Intervention for Childhood Feeding Difficulties
Authors: Marshall Jeanne , Hill Rebecca J. , Ware Robert S. , Ziviani Jenny , Dodrill Pamela 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTObjective:The aim of the study was to determine whether operant conditioning (OC) or systematic desensitization (SysD) intervention resulted in more improvements in dietary variety/intake, and more reductions in difficult mealtime behaviors.Methods:Children 2 to 6 years with autism spectrum disorder or with a nonmedically complex history were recruited. Feeding difficulties were confirmed based on clinical assessment. Participants were randomized to receive 10 OC or SysD sessions (parents could opt for intervention once per week, or intensively within a week). Immersive parent education was delivered across both arms. A 3‐month review was provided to measure outcomes postintervention.Results:In total, 68 participants (87%) completed the study. There were no significant differences in outcome measures between the OC and SysD intervention groups from baseline to 3‐month review. When the data were combined across both groups, however, significant improvements in primary outcome measures were observed (P < 0.05). Although not statistically significant, it was considered clinically significant that participants in the OC arm demonstrated more increases in dietary variety (mean difference 3.3 foods, 95% confidence interval −0.1 to 6.8, P = 0.06) compared with the SysD arm. There were limited differences in response observed between the autism spectrum disorder and nonmedically complex history groups, and the intensive and weekly arms.Conclusions:Favorable results were observed regardless of intervention, intensity, or etiological group. Results suggest that, when delivered to a protocol by experienced therapists and coupled with parent education, these 2 intervention approaches are effective. Further research is required in exploring these interventions across other subgroups, and examining outcomes for longer periods.
The Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Competency Assessment Tool for Pediatric Colonoscopy
Authors: Walsh Catharine M. , Ling Simon C. , Mamula Petar , Lightdale Jenifer R. , Walters Thomas D. , Yu Jeffrey J. , Carnahan Heather 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTObjectives:Validated assessment tools are required to support competency‐based education. We aimed to assess the reliability and validity of the Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Competency Assessment Tool for Pediatric Colonoscopy (GiECATKIDS), an instrument developed by 41 North American experts using Delphi methodology.Methods:GiECATKIDS consists of a 7‐item global rating scale (GRS) and an 18‐item checklist (CL). An attending physician assessed 104 colonoscopies performed at 3 North American hospitals by 56 endoscopists, including 25 novices (<50 previous procedures), 21 intermediates (50–250), and 10 advanced endoscopists (>500). Another observer rated procedures to assess interrater reliability using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Test–retest reliability was measured with ICC comparing endoscopists' first and second procedure scores. Discriminative validity was examined by comparing experience level with scores. Concurrent validity was assessed by correlating scores with colonoscopy experience, cecal and terminal ileal intubation rates, and physician global assessment.Results:Interrater reliability of the GiECATKIDS was high (total: ICC = 0.88; GRS: ICC = 0.79; CL: ICC = 0.89). Test–retest reliability was excellent (total: ICC = 0.94; GRS: ICC = 0.94; CL: ICC = 0.84). GiECATKIDS total, GRS, and CL scores differed significantly among novice, intermediate, and advanced endoscopists (P < 0.001). There was a significant positive correlation (P < 0.001) between scores and number of previous colonoscopies (total: ρ = 0.91, GRS: ρ = 0.92, CL: ρ = 0.84), cecal intubation rate (total: ρ = 0.82, GRS: ρ = 0.85, CL: ρ = 0.77), ileal intubation rate (total: ρ = 0.82, GRS: ρ = 0.82, CL: ρ = 0.80), and physician global assessment (total: ρ = 0.95, GRS: ρ = 0.94, CL: ρ = 0.89).Conclusions:The GiECATKIDS demonstrates strong reliability and validity as a measure of performance of pediatric colonoscopy that can be used to support training and assessment.
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Dosage Affects the Adjuvanticity and Protection Against Rotavirus Diarrhea in Gnotobiotic Pigs
Authors: Wen Ke , Liu Fangning , Li Guohua , Bai Muqun , Kocher Jacob , Yang Xingdong , Wang Haifeng , Clark‐Deener Sherrie , Yuan Lijuan 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTObjectives:The use of immunostimulatory strains of probiotics as adjuvants has been increasingly recognized as a promising approach in enhancing vaccine immunogenicity; however, dose effects of probiotic adjuvants are not well defined. In the present study, we examined dose effects of a commonly used probiotic strain, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), on immunomodulation with 2 different dosages.Methods:Neonatal gnotobiotic pigs were inoculated with 2 oral doses of attenuated human rotavirus (AttHRV) vaccines and fed with 5 doses (LGG5X; total 2.1 × 106 colony‐forming units) or 9 doses (LGG9X; total 3.2 × 106 colony‐forming units) of LGG, starting at 3 days of age.Results:Both LGG feeding regimens enhanced the protection rate of AttHRV vaccine against diarrhea on virulent human rotavirus challenge. LGG5X, but not LGG9X, significantly enhanced rotavirus‐specific intestinal memory B‐cell responses to AttHRV; LGG5X also significantly enhanced virus‐specific intestinal immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibody‐secreting cell responses. Both regimens significantly enhanced rotavirus‐specific serum IgA antibody responses to AttHRV. They also enhanced rotavirus‐specific interferon‐γ–producing effector/memory T‐cell responses to AttHRV vaccine, with LGG9X being more effective than LGG5X, and both regimens downregulated CD4+CD25−FoxP3+ regulatory T (Treg) cell responses in most lymphoid tissues examined prechallenge and postchallenge and maintained the CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Treg population in the ileum and intraepithelial lymphocyte postchallenge. LGG9X, however, did not significantly reduce total CD4+CD25−FoxP3+ Treg frequencies in the intestine and transforming growth factor‐β–producing and interleukin (IL)‐10–producing Treg frequencies in the blood.Conclusions:These results indicate that LGG at both dosages functioned as effective probiotic adjuvant for AttHRV vaccine, but different dosages differentially modulated immune responses to favor either the mucosal IgA response (LGG5X) or the T‐cell response (LGG9X).
Infliximab “Top‐Down” Strategy is Superior to “Step‐Up” in Maintaining Long‐Term Remission in the Treatment of Pediatric Crohn Disease
Authors: Lee Yoo Min , Kang Ben , Lee Yoon , Kim Mi Jin , Choe Yon Ho 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTObjectives:We aimed to compare the efficacy of remission maintenance between infliximab “top‐down” and “step‐up” strategies in moderate to severe pediatric Crohn disease during 3 years. We also aimed to determine prognostic factors that may influence the relapse‐free rate in these patients.Methods:The present study was a retrospective review of a prospective cohort, based on an infliximab treatment protocol for pediatric Crohn disease used at Samsung Medical Center. A total of 31 patients (group A) were treated with early infliximab induction (“top‐down” strategy) and 20 patients (group B) refractory to conventional therapy underwent infliximab treatment (“step‐up” strategy). The efficacy of infliximab treatment was assessed by relapse‐free rate and remission period rate for 3 years. A total of 11 prognostic factors that may influence the relapse‐free rate were further analyzed.Results:The relapse‐free rates at 3 years were 35.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.194–0.519) in group A and 15.0% (95% CI 0.037–0.335) in group B (P = 0.0094). Overall remission period rate for 3 years also showed a significant difference between the 2 groups (92.1% ± 7.2% vs 78.3% ± 16.6%; P = 0.005). Multivariable analysis revealed that the duration from the initial diagnosis to infliximab infusion was the only factor associated with relapse‐free remission for 3 years (hazard ratio = 1.077; 95% CI 1.025–1.131).Conclusions:“Top‐down” strategy had a longer remission period compared with the “step‐up” strategy in pediatric Crohn disease during a study period of 3 years, based on relapse‐free rate and remission period rate. Earlier introduction of infliximab is recommended in pediatric patients with moderate to severe Crohn disease.
Two cases of community acquired Legionella pneumophila non‐serogroup 1 in patients undergoing extra corporeal membrane oxygenation for severe respiratory failure
Authors: Thomas Stephanie , Hassan Ibrahim , Barker Julian , Ashworth Alan , Barnes Anita , Feddy Lee , Fedor Igor , Hayes Tim , Malagon Ignacio , Stirling Sarah , Szentgyorgyi Lajos , Mutton Ken , Harrison Timothy 
Published: January 2015

Introduction:
The Legionellaceae are fastidious Gram‐negative bacteria that reside in aquatic environments. They are a cause of severe community acquired pneumonia. Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 is responsible for 70–90 % of human infection, with cases caused by some of the other 15 serogroups accounting for the rest. Most hospitals use the Legionella urinary antigen test for detection of legionellosis; however, this will only reliably detect L. pneumophila serogroup 1.

Case presentation:
We report two cases of severe community acquired pneumonia in patients requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, referred to our adult Severe Respiratory Failure Unit. Legionella urinary antigen was negative in both cases. As clinical presentation strongly suggested Legionnaires’ disease (LD), respiratory samples were sent to the reference laboratory for PCR, which confirmed L. pneumophila non‐serogroup 1 in both cases. Case 1 was subsequently confirmed by culture and confirmed as L. pneumophila serogroup 5. Case 2 was culture‐negative.

Conclusion:

Legionella is an important pathogen. Recognition of the potential for non‐serogroup 1 strains to cause severe LD should prompt requests for further investigations including Legionella PCR in patients who present with suggestive symptoms when the urine antigen is negative. Reliance on the urine antigen test may result in a potentially serious under‐recognition of L. pneumophila non‐serogroup 1 and lead to mis‐diagnoses and inappropriate antimicrobial treatment.
A KNOTTED1-LIKE HOMEOBOX Protein Regulates Abscission in Tomato by Modulating the Auxin Pathway
Authors: Ma Chao , Meir Shimon , Xiao Langtao , Tong Jianhua , Liu Qing , Reid Michael S. , Jiang Cai-Zhong 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA gene encoding a KNOTTED1-LIKE HOMEOBOX PROTEIN1 (KD1) is highly expressed in both leaf and flower abscission zones. Reducing the abundance of transcripts of this gene in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) by both virus-induced gene silencing and stable transformation with a silencing construct driven by an abscission-specific promoter resulted in a striking retardation of pedicel and petiole abscission. In contrast, Petroselinum, a semidominant KD1 mutant, showed accelerated pedicel and petiole abscission. Complementary DNA microarray and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated that regulation of abscission by KD1 was associated with changed abundance of genes related to auxin transporters and signaling components. Measurement of auxin content and activity of a DR5::β-glucuronidase auxin reporter assay showed that changes in KD1 expression modulated the auxin concentration and response gradient in the abscission zone.