bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An overview of the Illinois Basin – Decatur Project
Authors: Finley Robert J. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe Illinois Basin – Decatur Project (IBDP) is being carried out by the Midwest Geological Sequestration Consortium (MGSC), led by the Illinois State Geological Survey (ISGS) at the University of Illinois. The MGSC is one of the US Department of Energy's Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships designed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of geological storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) as a mitigation tool to address global climate change. The MGSC team includes the ISGS, Schlumberger Carbon Services, and the Archer Daniels Midland Company (ADM) of Decatur, Illinois. ADM operates an agricultural product processing facility in Decatur, Illinois, at which 1 million tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO2) derived from the production of fuel ethanol is captured and injected into a deep saline reservoir, the Mount Simon Sandstone, at a rate of 1000 tonnes/day. Injection began in November 2011 and is scheduled for completion in November 2014. The site was selected after extensive geological screening work throughout the Illinois Basin. The lower third of the Mount Simon Sandstone contains bedload fluvial deposits with excellent reservoir quality; capacity, injectivity, and containment are meeting expectations. The IBDP incorporates extensive subsurface and surface monitoring, which integrates the injection well, a deep monitoring well, a geophysical monitoring well, and numerous shallow groundwater wells and surface monitoring sites. Multiple disciplines in geology, reservoir engineering, geophysics, outreach and education, reservoir modeling, hydrology, geochemistry, basin analysis, seismology, data management, chemical engineering, facilities construction, and field operations have combined to make IBDP a viable project.
Design and operation of compression system for one million tonne CO2 sequestration test
Authors: Jones Rosalind A. , McKaskle Ray W. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe Midwest Geological Sequestration Consortium, one of seven US Department of Energy Regional Sequestration Partnerships, began a large‐scale injection of 1000 tonnes (metric tons) per day of carbon dioxide (CO2) at the Archer Daniels Midland (ADM) facility in Decatur, Illinois, in November 2011. This project is also known as the Illinois Basin – Decatur Project (IBDP). Trimeric Corporation had process engineering design responsibility for the compression and dehydration facility that is used to take atmospheric pressure CO2 from the ADM ethanol fermentation process and deliver dehydrated, supercritical CO2 to the injection well. An overview of the project design basis and the requirements that led to the selected process design is presented. An explanation of the equipment selection process is provided. An overall system design review including the multistage centrifugal blower, reciprocating compressors, triethylene‐glycol dehydration system, multistage centrifugal pump, and the pipeline is presented. Lessons learned during commissioning, startup, and operations are discussed. Future project concerns are discussed.
Triacylglycerol profile in cocoa liquors using MALDI‐TOF and LC‐ESI tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Bono Luca , Seraglia Roberta , Roverso Marco , Di Carro Marina , Magi Emanuele 
Published: September 2014

Triacylglycerols are responsible for chocolate's peculiar melting behavior: the type and position of fatty acids on the glycerol molecule strongly affect the melting range of cocoa butter. For this reason, the characterization of triglyceride composition in cocoa products is particularly important.In this work, triacylglycerols extracted from cocoa liquor samples were analyzed by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight (TOF) and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) coupled to liquid chromatography.Extracted samples were initially analyzed by direct injection in MS to obtain information on triglyceride molecular weights; relevant MS parameters were optimized, and the possible formation of the adducts [M + Na]+ and [M + NH4]+ was studied. Tandem mass experiments (both with triple quadrupole and TOF/TOF) were performed to study the fragmentation pathways (in particular, the loss of palmitic, stearic and oleic acid) and identify the triacylglycerols in cocoa liquors.Some signals of the spectra obtained with both MS techniques could indicate the presence of diacylglycerols in the cocoa extract, but different experimental evidences demonstrated that they were generated by the in‐source fragmentation of triglycerides.A nonaqueous reversed‐phase chromatographic separation was also developed and used to support the identification of the analytes; nine triacylglycerols were recognized in the cocoa liquor extracts. The three different batches of Ecuador cocoa liquor did not show significant differences in the triacylglycerol profile. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Weekly work–school conflict, sleep quality, and fatigue: Recovery self‐efficacy as a cross‐level moderator
Authors: Park YoungAh , Sprung Justin M. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryThis study employed a weekly diary method among a sample of 74 Midwestern college student workers in order to examine the within‐person relationships between work–school conflict, sleep quality, and fatigue over five weeks. Further, recovery self‐efficacy was proposed as a cross‐level moderator of the relation between sleep quality and fatigue. Results from multilevel analyses demonstrated that weekly work–school conflict was negatively related to weekly sleep quality and positively related to end‐of‐week fatigue, with sleep quality partially mediating the relation between work–school conflict and fatigue. These findings enhance understanding of the process by which work–school conflict contributes to college student workers' strain on a weekly basis. Additionally, student workers with low recovery self‐efficacy demonstrated a negative relation between sleep quality and fatigue; however, this relation did not exist for student workers with high recovery self‐efficacy. This finding suggests recovery self‐efficacy as an important resource that may reduce the association between poor sleep quality (as a result of work–school conflict) and fatigue. The current findings provide important theoretical and practical implications for researchers, organizations, and college institutions as a whole. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sterically Demanding Unsymmetrical Diaryl‐λ3‐iodanes for Electrophilic Pentafluorophenylation and an Approach to α‐Pentafluorophenyl Carbonyl Compounds with an All‐Carbon Stereocenter
Authors: Matsuzaki Kohei , Okuyama Kenta , Tokunaga Etsuko , Shiro Motoo , Shibata Norio 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA sterically demanding unsymmetrical pentafluorophenyl‐triisopropylphenyl‐λ3‐iodane was developed as an effective reagent for the electrophilic pentafluorophenylation of various β‐keto esters and a β‐keto amide. 17 examples of α‐pentafluorophenylated 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds 3 having a quaternary carbon center are provided. The resulting compounds were nicely transformed into chiral α‐pentafluorophenyl ketones with an all‐carbon stereogenic center in high yields and high enantioselectivities using asymmetric organocatalysis (up to 98 % ee) or asymmetric metal catalysis (up to 82 % ee).
Processing‐induced near‐interfacial thermal donor generation in (100)Si/Si‐oxycarbide insulator structures revealed by electron spin resonance
Authors: Iacovo S. , Stesmans A. , Nguyen S. , Afanas'ev V. V. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractLow temperature electron spin resonance (ESR) study of Cz‐(100)Si/insulator structures with organosilicate films of low dielectric constant κ grown at 300 °C using plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) reveals, after subjection to UV‐irradiation assisted thermal curing at 430 °C to remove organics, the observation of the NL8 ESR spectrum. This indicates the generation in the c‐Si substrate of singly ionized thermal double donor (TDD) defects with a core contained of oxygen atoms. The generation is found to be highly non uniform, which is concluded to be the result of interfacial stress acting as the major driving component in the enhancement of TDD formation during thermal treatment. This suggests substantial stress being involved with PECVD organosilicate low‐κ glasses. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Climate change and International River Boundaries: fixed points in shifting sands
Authors: Grainger Sam , Conway Declan 
Published: September 2014

The impacts of climate change will have far reaching consequences for transboundary water resources, particularly through the effects of changing frequency and intensity of extreme events, such as floods and their impacts on river channel systems. Watercourses have been used as boundaries throughout history for a variety of reasons, and as both a natural resource and political structure, they present a number of unique challenges. Despite academic studies looking broadly at the effects of changes in runoff on river ecosystems and their resources, less attention has been paid to the socio‐political interactions and consequences for river functionality, in particular, as a boundary. We review the historical and legal role of International River Boundaries highlighting the paradox that exists between the stability needed for a boundary and the dynamism of fluvial landscapes in a changing climate. We draw attention to the fact that geopolitical concerns exist at other unstable border situations, such as ice‐covered boundaries and lakes. We examine the knowledge gaps that exist in relation to understanding the physical impacts of climate change on terrestrial earth systems. We present an exploratory analysis of physical and political risk in Southern Africa that highlights two cases of potential risk. The paper ends with a discussion of actions to address the physical and social dimensions of this strategic issue. WIREs Clim Change 2014, 5:835–848. doi: 10.1002/wcc.306This article is categorized under:

Assessing Impacts of Climate Change > Evaluating Future Impacts of Climate Change
Electricity (in)accessibility to the urban poor in developing countries
Authors: Singh Rozita , Wang Xiao , Mendoza Juan Carlos , Ackom Emmanuel Kofi 
Published: September 2014

More than half of the world's population now lives in urban areas. The difficulties involved in providing new urban residents with a wide variety of services reveal a new face of poverty, one in which urban communities cannot access or afford basic modern energy services for their development and empowerment. As an enabler of development processes, access to electricity in urban and peri‐urban contexts plays a key role in providing possibilities and solutions to the urban poor. Energy poverty is no longer a rural‐only phenomenon, and a concerted effort is needed to find solutions. Taking this into account, the Global Network on Energy for Sustainable Development (GNESD) initiated the Urban Peri‐Urban Energy Access (UPEA) project in 2006. The objective of this study was to understand the barriers to energy access in the context of the urban poor in seven countries. Barriers from both the supply and demand sides for energy were investigated. Factors such as a lack of institutional coordination, weak alignment between energy policies and urban planning, and insufficient financial and social incentives appear to play key roles in constraining access to electricity for the urban poor. Overcoming these barriers will require innovative solutions in policies, decision‐making, financing, multi‐stakeholder dialogs, social inclusion, international cooperation, and knowledge sharing regarding good practices. WIREs Energy Environ 2015, 4:339–353. doi: 10.1002/wene.148This article is categorized under:

Energy Policy and Planning > Economics and Policy
Energy Policy and Planning > Systems and Infrastructure
Energy Policy and Planning > Climate and Environment
Energy and Development > Systems and Infrastructure
Intraoperative Frozen Section for the Evaluation of Extrathyroidal Extension in Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Park Young Min , Wang Soo‐Geun , Goh Jin Young , Shin Dong Hoon , Kim In‐Ju , Lee Byung‐Joo 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundWe investigated extrathyroidal extension (ETE) through frozen biopsy for intraoperative decision making in patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC).MethodsDuring the period of the study an operation was performed in 268 patients with PTC and ETE was evaluated using intraoperative frozen biopsies of thyroid tissue.ResultsExtrathyroidal extension was confirmed in 54 patients (20 %) on frozen biopsy. Fifty‐three patients among 54 patients showing ETE on frozen biopsy were confirmed on permanent pathologic analysis. Accordingly, frozen biopsy had a sensitivity of 66 %, a specificity of 99 %, a positive predictive value of 98 %, and a negative predictive value of 87 %. Tumor size (OR 4.373; CI 2.257–8.475, p = <0.001) was an independent factor for predicting ETE on frozen biopsy.ConclusionsIntraoperative frozen biopsy can be an useful tool in identifying the presence of ETE. It can also help the operator decide the extent of surgery and central neck dissection in patients with PTC.
Explaining the Transnational Design of International Organizations
Authors: Tallberg Jonas , Sommerer Thomas , Squatrito Theresa , Jönsson Christer 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPast decades have witnessed a shift in international cooperation toward growing involvement of transnational actors (TNAs), such as nongovernmental organizations, multinational corporations, and philanthropic foundations. This article offers a comprehensive theoretical and empirical account of TNA access to IOs. The analysis builds on a novel data set, covering formal TNA access to 298 organizational bodies from fifty IOs over the time period 1950 to 2010. We identify the most profound patterns in TNA access across time, issue areas, policy functions, and world regions, and statistically test competing explanations of the variation in TNA access. The central results are three-fold. First, the empirical data confirm the existence of a far-reaching institutional transformation of IOs over the past sixty years, pervading all issue areas, policy functions, and world regions. Second, variation in TNA access within and across IOs is mainly explained by a combination of three factors: functional demand for the resources of TNAs, domestic democratic standards in the membership of IOs, and state concerns with national sovereignty. Third, existing research suffers from a selection bias that has led it to overestimate the general importance of a new participatory norm in global governance for the openness of IOs.
Truth and a Good Life
Authors: Reinhardt Lloyd 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA discussion of how and whether judgment regarding the happiness, flourishing or well-being of a life is appropriately influenced by false belief or ignorance on matters central to that life. That is, is it so that what we don't know does not, or cannot hurt us? How much does it matter if the false belief was owing to betrayal or deception by others who mattered deeply to the now dead person? Further, is truthfulness about such betrayal something a friend of a dying person may eschew or is it itself a kind of betrayal?
Exposure to peer deviance during childhood and risk for drug abuse: a Swedish national co-relative control study
Authors: Kendler K. S. , Ohlsson H. , Mezuk B. , Sundquist K. , Sundquist J. 
Published: September 2014

Background.Peer deviance (PD) is associated with risk for drug abuse (DA). Is this association causal?Method.DA was recorded in official records. PD was defined as the percentage of peers residing in small communities with future DA registrations. We examined offspring in families whose community PD changed when the offspring was 0–15 years of age and then examined families where cousins or siblings differed in their years of exposure to low or high PD communities.Results.The duration of exposure to PD was strongly associated with future DA. Co-relative analyses for families whose exposure to PD declined suggested that the PD–DA association was largely non-causal. Within full-sibling pairs in such families, the length of exposure to low PD environments was unrelated to risk for DA. By contrast, co-relative analyses in families where exposure to PD increased over time indicated that the PD–DA association was largely causal. In such families, siblings who differed in the duration of their exposure to high PD differed in their risk for subsequent DA. These results were replicated in families whose PD changed because they moved or because of changes in the community in which they resided.Conclusions.Within families whose social environment is improving over time, the association between PD exposure and offspring DA outcomes is not causal but is due to familial confounding. Within families whose social environment is deteriorating, the PD–DA association seems to be largely causal. Our measure of PD may also reflect broader aspects of the community environment beyond peers.
Adaptive hybrid suppression control of space free-flying robots with flexible appendages
Authors: Zarafshan P. , Moosavian S. Ali A. , Papadopoulos E. G. 
Published: September 2014

SUMMARYControl of rigid–flexible multi-body systems in space, during cooperative manipulation tasks, is studied in this paper. During such tasks, flexible members such as solar panels may vibrate. These vibrations in turn can lead to oscillatory disturbing forces on other subsystems, and consequently may produce significant errors in the position of operating end-effectors of cooperative arms. Therefore, to design and implement efficient model-based controllers for such complicated nonlinear systems, deriving an accurate dynamics model is required. On the other hand, due to practical limitations and real-time implementation, such models should demand fairly low computational complexity. In this paper, a precise dynamics model is derived by virtually partitioning the system into two rigid and flexible portions. These two portions will be assembled together to generate a proper model for controller design. Then, an adaptive hybrid suppression control (AHSC) algorithm is developed based on an appropriate variation rule of a virtual damping parameter. Finally, as a practical case study a space free-flying robot (SFFR) with flexible appendages is considered to move an object along a desired path through accurate force exertion by several cooperative end-effectors. This system includes a main rigid body equipped with thrusters, two solar panels, and two cooperative manipulators. The system also includes a third and fourth arm that act as a communication antenna and a photo capturing camera, respectively. The maneuver is deliberately planned such that flexible modes of solar panels get stimulated due to arms motion, while obtained results reveal the merits of proposed controller as will be discussed.
Model‐Based Exposure–Response Analysis of Apixaban to Quantify Bleeding Risk in Special Populations of Subjects Undergoing Orthopedic Surgery
Authors: Leil TA , Frost C , Wang X , Pfister M , LaCreta F 
Published: September 2014

Population pharmacokinetic (PK) and exposure–response analyses of apixaban were performed using data from phase I–III studies to predict bleeding risks for patients receiving apixaban 2.5 mg b.i.d. after total knee or hip replacement (TKR, THR) surgery (N = 5,510). Renal function, age, gender, and body weight impacted apixaban exposure. Bleeding risk increased as a function of exposure. Predicted bleeding frequencies for TKR and THR populations at risk for high apixaban exposure (female, age > 75 years, calculated creatinine clearance (cCrCL) < 30 ml/min, body weight < 50 kg) (6.85 and 10.3%, respectively) were comparable to the reference population (male/female, age 65−75 years, cCrCL ≥ 80 ml/min, body weight 65−85 kg) (6.18 and 9.32%, respectively). A 100% increase in apixaban exposure is expected to raise bleeding frequencies to 7.25% (TKR) and 10.9% (THR), whereas a 200% increase would raise them to 8.49 and 12.7%. Coexistence of combined patient risk factors or doubling of exposure is not likely to result in a substantial, clinically relevant increase in bleeding risk with 2.5 mg b.i.d. apixaban.CPT Pharmacometrics Syst. Pharmacol. (2014) 3, e136; doi:10.1038/psp.2014.34; published online 17 September 2014
Instream Habitat Restoration and Stream Temperature Reduction in a Whirling Disease‐Positive Spring Creek in the Blackfoot River Basin, Montana
Authors: Pierce Ron , Podner Craig , Marczak Laurie , Jones Leslie 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAnthropogenic warming of stream temperature and the presence of exotic diseases such as whirling disease are both contemporary threats to coldwater salmonids across western North America. We examined stream temperature reduction over a 15‐year prerestoration and postrestoration period and the severity of Myxobolus cerebralis infection (agent of whirling disease) over a 7‐year prerestoration and postrestoration period in Kleinschmidt Creek, a fully reconstructed spring creek in the Blackfoot River basin of western Montana. Stream restoration increased channel length by 36% and reduced the wetted surface area by 69% by narrowing and renaturalizing the channel. Following channel restoration, average maximum daily summer stream temperatures decreased from 15.7°C to 12.5°C, average daily temperature decreased from 11.2°C to 10.0°C, and the range of daily temperatures narrowed by 3.3°C. Despite large changes in channel morphology and reductions in summer stream temperature, the prevalence and severity of M. cerebralis infection for hatchery Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss remained high (98–100% test fish with grade > 3 infection) versus minimal for hatchery Brown Trout Salmo trutta (2% of test fish with grade‐1 infection). This study shows channel renaturalization can reduce summer stream temperatures in small low‐elevation, groundwater‐dominated streams in the Blackfoot basin to levels more suitable to native trout. However, because of continuous high infections associated with groundwater‐dominated systems, the restoration of Kleinschmidt Creek favors brown trout Salmo trutta given their innate resistance to the parasite and the higher relative susceptibility of other salmonids.Received February 3, 2014; accepted May 3, 2014
Growth and Survival of Apache Trout Under Static and Fluctuating Temperature Regimes
Authors: Recsetar Matthew S. , Bonar Scott A. , Feuerbacher Olin G. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIncreasing stream temperatures have important implications for arid‐region fishes. Little is known about effects of high water temperatures that fluctuate over extended periods on Apache Trout Oncorhynchus gilae apache, a federally threatened species of southwestern USA streams. We compared survival and growth of juvenile Apache Trout held for 30 d in static temperatures (16, 19, 22, 25, and 28°C) and fluctuating diel temperatures (±3°C from 16, 19, 22 and 25°C midpoints and ±6°C from 19°C and 22°C midpoints). Lethal temperature for 50% (LT50) of the Apache Trout under static temperatures (mean [SD] = 22.8 [0.6]°C) was similar to that of ±3°C diel temperature fluctuations (23.1 [0.1]°C). Mean LT50 for the midpoint of the ±6°C fluctuations could not be calculated because survival in the two treatments (19 ± 6°C and 22 ± 6°C) was not below 50%; however, it probably was also between 22°C and 25°C because the upper limb of a ±6°C fluctuation on a 25°C midpoint is above critical thermal maximum for Apache Trout (28.5–30.4°C). Growth decreased as temperatures approached the LT50. Apache Trout can survive short‐term exposure to water temperatures with daily maxima that remain below 25°C and midpoint diel temperatures below 22°C. However, median summer stream temperatures must remain below 19°C for best growth and even lower if daily fluctuations are high (≥12°C).Received June 26, 2013; accepted May 19, 2014