bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altered native stability is the dominant basis for susceptibility of α1-antitrypsin mutants to polymerization
Authors: Irving James A. , Haq Imran , Dickens Jennifer A. , Faull Sarah V. , Lomas David A. 
Published: February 2014

Serpins are protease inhibitors whose most stable state is achieved upon transition of a central 5-stranded β-sheet to a 6-stranded form. Mutations, low pH, denaturants and elevated temperatures promote this transition, which can result in a growing polymer chain of inactive molecules. Different types of polymer are possible, but, experimentally only heat has been shown to generate polymers in vitro consistent with ex vivo pathological specimens. Many mutations that alter the rate of heat-induced polymerization have been described, but interpretation is problematic because discrimination is lacking between the effect of global changes in native stability and specific effects on structural mechanism. We show that the temperature midpoint (Tm) of thermal denaturation reflects the transition of α1-antitrypsin to the polymerization intermediate, and determine the relationship with fixed-temperature polymerization half-times (t0.5) in the presence of stabilizing additives [TMAO (trimethylamine N-oxide), sucrose and sodium sulfate], point mutations and disulfide bonds. Combined with a retrospective analysis of 31 mutants characterized in the literature, the results of the present study show that global changes to native state stability are the predominant basis for the effects of mutations and osmolytes on heat-induced polymerization, summarized by the equation: ln(t0.5,mutant/t0.5,wild-type)=0.34×ΔTm. It is deviations from this relationship that hold key information about the polymerization process.
Isolation enhancement in wideband dual‐polarised suspended plate antenna with modified T‐type probes
Authors: Ciydem M. 
Published: February 2014

An isolation enhancement technique for a wideband (1.71–2.17 GHz) and ±45° linear dual‐polarised suspended plate antenna is proposed. Isolation (S12, S21) between channels is improved by making extensions on suspended plates (SPs) 1–2 and inserting a vertical ungrounded vertical wall under SP‐1. The modified T‐type probes in this design provide better coupling and return losses (S11, S22) for wideband operation. Based on the numerical simulations and measurements, it is observed that 8.2 ± 0.5 dBi gain and 66° ± 6° symmetric azimuth and elevation radiation patterns are obtained. Return losses ≤ − 15 dB and isolation ≤ − 30 dB are achieved in the entire band. This antenna is suitable for base stations of mobile wireless communication systems (PCS, DCS and IMTS).
Lumbar Intraforaminal Synovial Cyst in Young Adulthood: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Kalevski Svetoslav K. , Haritonov Dimitar Georgiev , Peev Nikolay Angelov 
Published: February 2014

Study Design Case report. Objective Lumbar juxtafacet cysts (synovial and ganglion cysts) are a rare cause of low back and radicular leg pain. Most patients with lumbar cysts are in their sixth decade of life and have significant facet joint and disk degeneration. Lumbar synovial cysts (LSCs) are extremely rare in adolescence and young adulthood, and to our knowledge, only two pediatric cases of LSC have been reported in the literature. We aim to prove the existence of LSC in adolescent patients as a real entity that causes low back and radicular complaints and to discuss the possibility of traumatic injury as a pathogenic cause of LSC formation in adolescence. A case of an 18-year old patient with LSC is presented. We report the clinical presentation, management, outcome, and review of the literature, focusing on issues that remain debatable. Methods The case is presented together with its clinical course, the diagnostic techniques, the surgical findings, histologic results, and the treatment outcome. Results After surgical treatment, the patient's complaints were alleviated and almost no complaints were registered during the next 6 months’ follow-up. Conclusions LSCs are extremely rare in adolescence, but they could be considered in the differential diagnosis in adolescent patients with low back pain and radiculopathy. Surgical removal of LSC could be considered as a treatment option to provide immediate and safe symptomatic relief.
Homology-directed repair of DNA nicks via pathways distinct from canonical double-strand break repair
Authors: Davis Luther , Maizels Nancy 
Published: February 2014

Significance
Nicks are a very common form of DNA damage, but their threat to genomic integrity has been neglected because it is assumed that all nicks are repaired by simple religation. Here we challenge that assumption. We identify a robust pathway for homology-directed repair (HDR) that is active at DNA nicks. This alternative HDR pathway is stimulated upon down-regulation of key factors in canonical HDR at double-strand breaks. Alternative HDR at targeted nicks has immediate practical applications to genome engineering. Alternative HDR can promote repair of a nicked target by a nicked donor and may thereby contribute to loss of heterozygosity, a common form of genomic instability in tumors.
Evaluating the Performance of Two Salmon Management Strategies using Run Reconstruction
Authors: Carney Justin M. , Adkison Milo D. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Commercial salmon fisheries in Alaska are managed to obtain escapement goals within a fixed range while attempting to maximize sustained yield. Two management strategies currently being used are emergency order authority and a fixed fishing schedule. We analyzed and compared the historical performance of these two management strategies for Bristol Bay, Alaska, fisheries targeting Egegik River and Togiak River Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka. To accomplish this, we reconstructed the daily runs to each river through the use of catch, effort, and tower count data. Our results showed that management by emergency order openings resulted in (1) the catch of a higher percentage of returning fish, (2) less yearly variation in escapement, and (3) escapements that were always above the minimum escapement goal. A fixed fishing schedule resulted in less yearly variation in catch and a harvest rate that was spread more evenly throughout the run; the more even harvest rate likely provides better protection of substocks and the sex ratio. Emergency order authority gives a manager greater control over the fishery but requires more informative data. A fixed fishing schedule provides a more predictable catch but carries a higher risk of overharvest. Each of the two management strategies was successful and was suited to the circumstances of its fishery.
Received December 7, 2012; accepted September 13, 2013
Published online February 10, 2014
Evaluation of Statistical River Temperature Forecast Models for Fisheries Management
Authors: Hague Merran J. , Patterson David A. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Warming rivers and an improved knowledge of thermal impacts on fish are fueling a need for simple tools to generate water temperature forecasts that aid in decision making for the management of aquatic resources. Although there is strong evidence for temperature-dependent mortality in freshwater fish populations, the application of water temperature models for in-season fisheries management is still limited due to a lack of appropriate temperature thresholds and due to uncertainty in forecasts. We evaluated the ability of statistical models based on seasonal trends, air temperature, and discharge to produce daily forecasts of water temperature in the Fraser River, British Columbia, including explicit quantification of uncertainty in predictor variables. For all models evaluated (with and without air temperature and/or discharge predictor variables), the top model choice varied as a function of environmental conditions, uncertainty in the air temperature forecasts used to predict water temperature, and the selection of quantitative performance criteria (i.e., defining the “best” model based on the smallest mean raw error or based on the ability to accurately forecast extreme water temperatures). Water temperature forecasts averaged across 10 d produced by simple models that were fitted only to historical seasonal water temperature trends were as accurate as forecasts generated from uncertain air temperature predictions. Models fitted to air temperature were critical for forecasting high temperature thresholds; even the use of uncertain air temperature forecasts predicted high water temperatures with greater accuracy than models that lacked an air temperature covariate. In contrast, models that were fitted to discharge variables lowered the rate of false-negative and false-positive errors associated with estimating below-average temperatures. On the basis of our findings, we suggest that fisheries managers should quantify the effect of uncertainties in model predictor variables when assessing water temperature models and should evaluate model performance in the context of system-specific conditions and management objectives.
Received May 15, 2013; accepted September 13, 2013
Published online January 31, 2014
Habitat Selection and Movement of Adult Humpback Chub in the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, Arizona, during an Experimental Steady Flow Release
Authors: Gerig Brandon , Dodrill Michael J. , Pine William E. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Effective conservation and restoration programs for many native riverine fish communities are highly dependent on regulated river operations developed by water managers. Successfully implementing river flows to meet human needs and minimize ecosystem impacts requires understanding the linkages between hydrology, physical habitat, and fish ecology. In the Colorado River within Grand Canyon, Arizona, altered river conditions following the construction of Glen Canyon Dam have contributed to the decline of Humpback Chub Gila cypha. In 2010, a management experiment was implemented to contrast the modified low fluctuating flow policy with an experimental steady flow release. We assessed habitat selection and movement of 30 adult Humpback Chub implanted with acoustic telemetry tags during 2 months of fluctuating flow followed by 2 months of steady flow. We found that telemetered Humpback Chub used eddies extensively while avoiding runs and were associated with intermediate depths and larger substrates. During both flow treatments, Humpback Chub exhibited small daily movements of about 100 m/d. No effect of the flow experiment was observed on Humpback Chub habitat selection or movement. However, nearshore habitat use by Humpback Chub increased with turbidity fluxes caused by tributary floods. Overall our results suggest that adult Humpback Chub habitat selection and movement may not be impacted by the current hydropower operations, but habitat use and spatial distribution are influenced by changes in turbidity which has changed greatly in the Colorado River since the completion of Glen Canyon Dam.
Received February 1, 2013; accepted August 28, 2013
Published online January 17, 2014
Genetic Pedigree Reconstruction Detects Bias in Largemouth Bass Nest Sampling Procedures
Authors: Hessenauer Jan-Michael , Bremigan Mary Tate , Scribner Kim T. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Fish recruitment can be influenced by the direct effects of and interactions among biological, environmental, and anthropogenic factors. However, interpretation of data that quantify associations between recruitment during early ontogenetic stages and potential underlying causal factors at whole-population scales can be confounded by the uncertainties associated with data collection. For nest-building species, biases may result from observational methods used to locate nests and determine nest-specific offspring survival. Such biases may hinder efforts to associate estimates of individual reproductive success or failure with recruitment variation at the population level. During spring 2010, Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides nests in a 24-ha Michigan lake were surveyed using established observational methods, and genetic data and pedigree reconstruction were used to assess the reliability of those methods. We georeferenced observed nests, visually assessed whether eggs from nests survived to the swim-up fry stage, and collected offspring from each observed nest for multilocus genotyping to characterize nest-specific pedigrees. In late summer, we captured age-0 Largemouth Bass for genotyping and used pedigree reconstruction to determine their nests of origin. Comparisons of genetic pedigree and observational data revealed that genetic methods offered a novel, powerful way of evaluating nest observation procedures. We estimated that 50% of the nests that contributed age-0 recruits were not observed by field crews; 40% of observed nests that produced late-summer age-0 Largemouth Bass (as determined based on genetic data) were not observed to produce swim-up fry during the nesting period (i.e., were misclassified as having failed). Our analyses suggest that nesting observations underestimate nest abundance and incorrectly classify some nests as having failed to produce swim-up fry, thus potentially creating a biased representation of nest-specific contributions to recruitment.
Received March 26, 2013; accepted October 17, 2013
Published online February 10, 2014
Growth and Smolting in Lower-Mode Atlantic Salmon Stocked into the Penobscot River, Maine
Authors: Zydlewski Joseph , O'Malley Andrew , Cox Oliver , Ruksznis Peter , Trial Joan G. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Restoration of Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar in Maine has relied on hatchery-produced fry and smolts for critical stocking strategies. Stocking fry minimizes domestication selection, but these fish have poor survival. Conversely, stocked smolts have little freshwater experience but provide higher adult returns. Lower-mode (LM) fish, those not growing fast enough to ensure smolting by the time of stocking, are a by-product of the smolt program and are an intermediate hatchery product. From 2002 to 2009, between 70,000 and 170,000 marked LM Atlantic Salmon were stocked into the Pleasant River (a tributary in the Penobscot River drainage, Maine) in late September to early October. These fish were recaptured as actively migrating smolts (screw trapping), as nonmigrants (electrofishing), and as returning adults to the Penobscot River (Veazie Dam trap). Fork length (FL) was measured and a scale sample was taken to retrospectively estimate FL at winter annulus one (FW1) using the intercept-corrected direct proportion model. The LM fish were observed to migrate as age-1, age-2, and infrequently as age-3 smolts. Those migrating as age-1 smolts had a distinctly larger estimated FL at FW1 (&gt;112 mm) than those that remained in the river for at least one additional year. At the time of migration, age-2 and age-3 smolts were substantially larger than age-1 smolts. Returning adult Atlantic Salmon of LM origin had estimated FLs at FW1 that corresponded to smolt age (greater FL for age 1 than age 2). The LM product produces both age-1 and age-2 smolts that have greater freshwater experience than hatchery smolts and may have growth and fitness advantages. The data from this study will allow managers to better assess the probability of smolting age and manipulate hatchery growth rates to produce a targeted-size LM product.
Received June 11, 2013; accepted November 11, 2013
Published online February 10, 2014
Using a Choice Experiment to Improve Decision Support Tool Design
Authors: Kragt M.E. , Llewellyn R.S. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe potential for computer‐based decision support tools (DSTs) to better inform farm management decisions is well‐recognised. However, despite considerable investment in a wide range of tools, uptake by advisers and farmers remains low. A greater understanding of the demand and the most valued features of decision support tools could improve the uptake and impact of DSTs. Using a choice experiment, we estimated the values that Australian farm advisers attach to specific attributes of decision support tools, in this case relating to weed and herbicide resistance management. Results from discrete choice models showed that advisers' preferences differ between private fee‐charging consultants, those attached to retail outlets for cropping inputs, and advisers from the public sector. Advisers valued ‘reliable accurate results’, and also placed a consistently high value on models with an initial input time of three hours or less, compared to models that are more time demanding. Results from latent class models revealed a large degree of preference heterogeneity across advisers. Although the majority of advisers valued DST output that is specific to individual paddocks, approximately one‐quarter of the respondents preferred generic predictions for the district rather than predictions with greater specificity. The choice experiments helped to identify the attributes most valued by advisers in different market segments. This has implications for those seeking to influence decision‐making by allowing DST development to be better targeted towards the preferences of potential users.
Assessing the state of pelagic fish communities within an ecosystem approach and the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive
Authors: Shephard Samuel , Rindorf Anna , Dickey-Collas Mark , Hintzen Niels T. , Farnsworth Keith , Reid David G. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Pelagic fish are key elements in marine foodwebs and thus comprise an important part of overall ecosystem health. We develop a suite of ecological indicators that track pelagic fish community state and evaluate state of specific objectives against Good Environmental Status (GES) criteria. Indicator time-series are calculated for the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive “Celtic Seas” (CS) and “Greater North Sea” subregions. Precautionary reference points are proposed for each indicator and a simple decision process is then used to aggregate indicators into a GES assessment for each subregion. The pelagic fish communities of both subregions currently appear to be close to GES, but each remains vulnerable. In the CS subregion, fishing mortality is close to the precautionary reference point, although the unknown dynamics of sandeel, sprat, and sardine in the subregion may reduce the robustness of this evaluation. In the North Sea, sandeel stocks have been in poor state until very recently. Pelagic fish community biomass is slightly below the precautionary reference point in both subregions.
Can the Learning Curve of Totally Endoscopic Robotic Mitral Valve Repair be Short-Circuited?
Authors: Yaffee David W. , Loulmet Didier F. , Kelly Lauren A. , Ward Alison F. , Ursomanno Patricia A. , Rabinovich Annette E. , Neuburger Peter J. , Krishnan Sandeep , Hill Frederick T. , Grossi Eugene A. 
Published: February 2014

Objective A concern with the initiation of totally endoscopic robotic mitral valve repair (TERMR) programs has been the risk for the learning curve. To minimize this risk, we initiated a TERMR program with a defined team and structured learning approach before clinical implementation. Methods A dedicated team (two surgeons, one cardiac anesthesiologist, one perfusionist, and two nurses) was trained with clinical scenarios, simulations, wet laboratories, and “expert” observation for 3 months. This team then performed a series of TERMRs of varying complexity. Results Thirty-two isolated TERMRs were performed during the first programmatic year. All operations included mitral valve repair, left atrial appendage exclusion, and annuloplasty device implantation. Additional procedures included leaflet resection, neochordae insertion, atrial ablation, and papillary muscle shortening. Longer clamp times were associated with number of neochordae ( P < 0.01), papillary muscle procedures ( P < 0.01), and leaflet resection ( P = 0.06). Sequential case number had no impact on cross-clamp time ( P = 0.3). Analysis of nonclamp time demonstrated a 71.3% learning percentage ( P < 0.01; ie, 28.7% reduction in nonclamp time with each doubling of case number). There were no hospital deaths or incidences of stroke, myocardial infarction, unplanned reoperation, respiratory failure, or renal failure. Median length of stay was 4 days. All patients were discharged home. Conclusions Totally endoscopic robotic mitral valve repair can be safely performed after a pretraining regimen with emphasis on experts’ current practice and team training. After a pretraining regimen, cross-clamp times were not subject to learning curve phenomena but were dependent on procedural complexity. Nonclamp times were associated with a short learning curve.
The fast are eating the slow: mentoring for leadership development as a competitive method
Authors: Corner Judy 
Published: February 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to posit formal mentoring as cost-effective strategy for both developing leaders within an organization, as well as increasing organizational competitive ability in today's economy.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper presents two case studies originally presented in a webinar which the author, a US-based subject matter expert in the field of mentoring, cohosted with a UK-based subject matter expert in the field of leadership development.

Findings
– Formal mentoring offers a uniquely suited approach to leadership development because of its ability to capitalize on knowledge that is both internal and specific to the organization, develop as broad or as targeted a group as necessary, and be tailored to meet any organization's goals and objectives. Together, these points can be leveraged to make an organization more competitive – not only in strength of existing leadership, but in readiness of ability to develop leaders for the future.

Research limitations/implications
– These are two case studies that examine the success of mentoring as a leadership development method within two large organizations.

Practical implications
– Formal mentoring for the purposes of leadership development can be leveraged to great competitive advantage in large organizations.

Social implications
– Mentoring for leadership development has the effect of improving and solidifying company culture, as well as engaging employees through career and leadership development activities.

Originality/value
– While using mentoring as a leadership development method is not a new concept, these case studies provide examples of how it can be practically applied, and to what ends.