bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Holding certain types of legal expertise in criminal cases related to illegal forestry
Authors: Булгакова Марина , Bulgakova Marina 
Published: June 2015

The article highlights the problem of illegal logging of forest plantations in Russia, the scientific and procedural component of the systematic work of the various organizations and agencies to develop mechanisms for combating crime in the forest industry, representing the author´s vision of a separate investigation of the type of environmental crime under the economic security of the state.
The author notes that a variety of disorders related to forest management are not new types of offenses in the country. Even in the XIX century, the Russian Empire basic directions of state activity to prevent violations of forest law were enshrined in the Charter of the Forest, which listed offenses and crimes and defined punishment for their commission. The annual growth in the number of offenses detected by law enforcement agencies in terms of violations of forest law, entails the need to create the most effective ways to detect, capture and examinate evidence. In this examination of the scene, primary investigative actions must be paid special attention. It is, in our opinion, should be done at a high level, carefully and accurately, which would continue to form the evidence base to carry out a sufficient number of different examinations, including forensic botanical using dendrochronology methods. The conclusion of the forensic botanical examination may serve as confirmation of the legality of timber, as well as a means of quality control of products of wood.
Study of the legal basis of housing mortgage
Authors: Бугрова Валентина , Bugrova Valentina , Малыгина Анна , Malygina Anna 
Published: June 2015

In the Bulgakov´s novel, &#34;Master and Margarita&#34;, it is said that people are spoilt by the housing problem. But, probably, and in today´s society it is more than ever, and for most Russians the housing problem remains a major issue.
Contrary to popular belief about the novelty of the mortgage, it has been around for a long time, since the time of the Archon Solon, who lived in the VI BC.
But in Russia, the first mention of the so-called &#34;mortgage&#34; is dated XIII century. In XVIII-XIX centuries under Catherine II and Alexander II mortgage loans were most actively developed. However, at the beginning of the XX century, after the October Revolution of 1917, the concept of &#34;mortgage&#34; gradually disappeared from everyday life and considered as a &#34;bourgeois phenomenon&#34;. The origin of the &#34;new&#34; Russian mortgage started in the early 90s of the twentieth century, but only by 2000, there have been real positive conditions and trends of its development.
Mortgage as a form of solution of housing problem is widely discussed by legislators, society and the media. It is difficult to find legal or economic magazine or newspaper, which had not raised the issue of mortgage and related numerous problems. It happens that the opinions of authors on various issues differ, but one thing they are in agreement – it is necessary to develop the mortgage.
The article deals with current issues of lending to households and features of home mortgages.
National state ideology
Authors: Мишуров Иван , Mishurov Ivan , Мишурова Ольга , Mishurova Olga 
Published: June 2015

The article is devoted to justifying the need for the existence of state ideology, its national foundations and adjustments to article 13 of the Russian Constitution to delete provisions of the absence of the state ideology of the Russian Federation.
State ideology is present in each state. The importance of this phenomenon has led to much attention to it by philosophers, politicians and other scientists over the past two centuries. There are different views on the concept of &#34;ideology&#34; and different ideological schools: liberalism, conservatism, anarchism, social democracy, socialism, and others. This diversity is defined by different needs and interests of social groups, media and spokesmen of ideological views.
Ideology is an articulation of the fundamental interests of large social groups (forces) of the society, it is a system of views and ideas, which gives a complete interpretation of social and political life, its meaning, direction and prospects of showing certain ways of solving social problems. Ideologies are expressed in attitudes of communities to social problems and conflicts, objectives and generalized program of activities. The leading link here is represented by interests.
It is the state who expresses and defends the national interests, regulates, as a rule, with the help of legal norms the totality of socio-political, economic, national and family relations, thus contributing to the stabilization and development of society. It has the right to have its own (state, national or multi-national state) ideology. That is why the Russian government cannot but have a nation-state ideology. That is the need for national-state ideology that is proved in this article.
Genetyczne parantele partykuł i spójników
Authors: Kleszczowa Krystyna , Termińska Kamilla 
Published: June 2015

Genetic kinship of particles and conjunctions
The paper attempts to explain the formal identity between those units which operate both in the class of conjunctions, and in the class of particles. To this purpose, the authors set in motion a logical apparatus that interpretes the identity between conclusive units; they choose, out of many possibilities, the resultative and the conclusive relation. The authors believe that the kinship of the two classes, particles and conjunctions, is the effect of operation of two mechanisms: 1. particles limit the scope of connectivity to introducing a sentence-shaped rheme, and become conjunctions proper (albowiem ‘because’, oraz ‘and’, bo ‘cause’, ale ‘but’); 2. particles connect to conjunctions, and take over their function (bowiem, albowiem ‘because’).
Idiosynkratyzm akomodacji morfologicznych wewnątrz i na zewnątrz fraz z liczebnikami typu pięć jako konsekwencja nieuzgodnienia cech przez mechanizm akomodacji składniowej
Authors: Willim Ewa 
Published: June 2015

Idiosyncrasies in morphological agreement inside and outside phrases with numerals of the pięć ‘five’-type as a consequences of syntactic agreement failures
The paper discusses some problems inherent in the hypothesis on which numerals are heads that have a valued feature of case in nominative and accusative contexts. In the analysis offered here numerals and quantifiers are phrasal adjuncts in the extended projection of the noun whose head is a null functional category. 3 person, singular number and neuter gender verb morphology as well as alternating patterns of the morphology of pre-numeral and predicative adjectives reflect attempted but (partly) failed syntactic agreement.
The effects of CaCl2 and CaBr2 on the reproduction of Daphnia magna Straus / Učinak CaCl2 i CaBr2 na razmnožavanje vodenbuhe (Daphnia magna Straus)
Authors: Mažuran Neda , Hršak Vladimir , Kovačević Goran 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Concentrated CaCl2 and CaBr2 salt solutions of densities up to 2.3 kg L-1 are regularly used to control hydrostatic pressure in oil wells during special operations in the exploration and production of natural gas and crude oil. Various concentrations of high density salts are frequently left in mud pits near the drilling site as waste, polluting fresh and ground waters by spillage and drainage. The toxic effects of these salts have already been observed. This study investigated the effects of CaCl2 and CaBr2 on water flea Daphnia magna Straus in a 21-day reproduction test. The three tested concentrations of CaCl2 (240, 481, and 1925 mg L-1) caused a significant dose-response decrease of reproduction (p<0.001). With CaBr2 (533 and 1066 mg L-1), only aborted eggs were produced, demonstrating the embryotoxicity of the substance. The results suggest that high concentrations of the tested chemicals are harmful to Daphnia’s reproduction and could reduce its abundance.
Nanoparticle interaction with the immune system / Interakcije nanodelcev z imunskim sistemom
Authors: Kononenko Veno , Narat Mojca , Drobne Damjana 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
When nanoparticles enter the body, their interactions with cells are almost unavoidable. Unintended nanoparticle interaction with immune cells may elicit a molecular response that can have toxic effects and lead to greater susceptibility to infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, and cancer development. As evidenced by several studies, nanoparticle interactions with biological systems can stimulate inflammatory or allergic reactions and activate the complement system. Nanoparticles can also stimulate immune response by acting as adjuvants or as haptens. Immunosuppressive effects have also been reported. This article gives a brief review of in vitro and in vivo research evidencing stimulatory or suppressive effects of nanoparticles on the immune system of mammals. In order to ensure safe use of nanosized particles, future research should focus on how their physical and chemical properties influence their behaviour in the biological environment, as they not only greatly affect nanoparticle-immune system interactions but can also interfere with experimental assays
Growth and photosynthetic responses of Lemna minor L. exposed to cadmium in combination with zinc or copper / Rast i fotosinteza u vodene leće (Lemna minor L.) izložene kadmiju u kombinaciji s cinkom ili bakrom
Authors: Vidaković-Cifrek Željka , Tkalec Mirta , Šikić Sandra , Tolić Sonja , Lepeduš Hrvoje , Pevalek-Kozlina Branka 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Metals have a variety of negative outcomes on plants, essential components of any ecosystem. The effects of CdCl2 (5 μmol L-1), ZnCl2 (25 or 50 μmol L-1), and CuCl2 (2.5 or 5 μmol L-1) and combinations of CdCl2 with either ZnCl2 or CuCl2 on the growth, photosynthetic pigments, and photosystem II (PSII) efficiency of duckweed (Lemna minor L.) were investigated. All of the treatments caused growth inhibition and remarkable metal accumulation in plant tissue after 4 and 7 days. In the combined treatments, the accumulation of each metal applied was lesser in comparison to treatments with single metals. After 4 days, all of the treatments generally diminished chlorophyll a content and decreased the maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) and effective quantum yield (ΔF/F’m) of PSII. However, after 7 days of exposure to a combination of Cd and Zn, pigment content and PSII activity recovered to control levels. A higher concentration of Cu (5 μmol L-1) as well as Cd in combination with Cu had a prolonged inhibitory effect on photosynthetic features. Our results suggest that growth inhibition was due to the toxic effect of absolute metal quantity in plant tissue. Zn counteracted Cd uptake, as seen from the recovery of pigment content and PSII efficiency in plants exposed for 7 days to the Cd and Zn combination. Cu-induced oxidative stress led to a prolonged inhibitory effect in plants treated both with a higher concentration of Cu (5 μmol L-1) and simultaneously with Cd and Cu. Our findings could contribute to general knowledge on anthropogenic and environmental contaminants that endanger plant communities and significantly disrupt the sensitive balance of an ecosystem by influencing photosynthetic mechanisms.
Comparative determination of the efficacy of bispyridinium oximes in paraoxon poisoning / Usporedno određivanje učinkovitosti bispiridinijevih oksima pri trovanju paraoksonom
Authors: Žunec Suzana , Radić Božica , Kuča Kamil , Musilek Kamil , Lucić Vrdoljak Ana 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The inability of standard therapy to provide adequate protection against poisoning by organophosphorus compounds (pesticides and nerve agents) motivated us to search for new, more effective oximes. We investigated the pharmacotoxicological properties of six experimental K-oximes (K027, K033, K048, K074, K075, and K203) in vivo. The therapeutic efficacy of K-oximes (at doses of 5 or 25 % of their LD50) combined with atropine was assessed in paraoxon-poisoned mice and compared with conventionally used oximes HI-6 and TMB-4. The bisoxime K074 was the most toxic (LD50=21.4 mg kg-1) to mice, while monoxime K027 was the least toxic (LD50=672.8 mg kg-1). With the exception of K033, all of the tested K-oximes showed better therapeutic efficiency than HI-6 and TMB-4. K027 and K048 stood out by demonstrating low acute toxicities and ensuring protective indices ranging from 60.0 to 100.0 LD50 of paraoxon. Taking into account that these two oximes showed a similar therapeutic efficacy regardless of the applied doses, our results suggest that K027 and K048 could be antidotes for paraoxon intoxication.
Controllability of nonlinear stochastic systems with multiple time-varying delays in control
Authors: Karthikeyan Shanmugasundaram , Balachandran Krishnan , Sathya Murugesan 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
This paper is concerned with the problem of controllability of semi-linear stochastic systems with time varying multiple delays in control in finite dimensional spaces. Sufficient conditions are established for the relative controllability of semilinear stochastic systems by using the Banach fixed point theorem. A numerical example is given to illustrate the application of the theoretical results. Some important comments are also presented on existing results for the stochastic controllability of fractional dynamical systems.
Robust sensor fault estimation for descriptor-LPV systems with unmeasurable gain scheduling functions: Application to an anaerobic bioreactor
Authors: López-Estrada Francisco-Ronay , Ponsart Jean-Christophe , Astorga-Zaragoza Carlos-Manuel , Camas-Anzueto Jorge-Luis , Theilliol Didier 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
This paper addresses the design of a state estimation and sensor fault detection, isolation and fault estimation observer for descriptor-linear parameter varying (D-LPV) systems. In contrast to where the scheduling functions depend on some measurable time varying state, the proposed method considers the scheduling function depending on an unmeasurable state vector. In order to isolate, detect and estimate sensor faults, an augmented system is constructed by considering faults to be auxiliary state vectors. An unknown input LPV observer is designed to estimate simultaneously system states and faults. Sufficient conditions to guarantee stability and robustness against the uncertainty provided by the unmeasurable scheduling functions and the influence of disturbances are synthesized via a linear matrix inequality (LMI) formulation by considering H∞ and Lyapunov approaches. The performances of the proposed method are illustrated through the application to an anaerobic bioreactor model.
A hybrid procedure to identify the optimal stiffness coefficients of elastically restrained beams
Authors: Silva Tiago , Loja Maria , Maia Nuno , Barbosa Joaquim 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The formulation of a bending vibration problem of an elastically restrained Bernoulli-Euler beam carrying a finite number of concentrated elements along its length is presented. In this study, the authors exploit the application of the differential evolution optimization technique to identify the torsional stiffness properties of the elastic supports of a Bernoulli-Euler beam. This hybrid strategy allows the determination of the natural frequencies and mode shapes of continuous beams, taking into account the effect of attached concentrated masses and rotational inertias, followed by a reconciliation step between the theoretical model results and the experimental ones. The proposed optimal identification of the elastic support parameters is computationally demanding if the exact eigenproblem solving is considered. Hence, the use of a Gaussian process regression as a meta-model is addressed. An experimental application is used in order to assess the accuracy of the estimated parameters throughout the comparison of the experimentally obtained natural frequency, from impact tests, and the correspondent computed eigenfrequency.
Genetic and combinatorial algorithms for optimal sizing and placement of active power filters
Authors: Maciążek Marcin , Grabowski Dariusz , Pasko Marian 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The paper deals with cost effective compensator placement and sizing. It becomes one of the most important problems in contemporary electrical networks, in which voltage and current waveform distortions increase year-by-year reaching or even exceeding limit values. The suppression of distortions could be carried out by means of three types of compensators, i.e., passive filters, active power filters and hybrid filters. So far, passive filters have been more popular mainly because of economic reasons, but active and hybrid filters have some advantages which should cause their wider application in the near future. Active power filter placement and sizing could be regarded as an optimization problem. A few objective functions have been proposed for this problem. In this paper we compare solutions obtained by means of combinatorial and genetic approaches. The theoretical discussion is followed by examples of active power filter placement and sizing
The Role of Melatonin and Bromocriptine in the Regulation of Prolactin Secretion in Animals – A Review
Authors: Molik Edyta , Błasiak Michał 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Changes in the concentration of melatonin and prolactin are associated with response to day length. The factors that stimulate the release of PRL include, among others, TRH, VIP, endorphins, oestrogen, and adrenaline. PRL secretion inhibitors include DA, GABA, progesterone and bromocriptine (exogenous compound), used in the treatment of hyperprolactinemia D2 receptor agonist. The biological activity of this compound is to stimulate dopamine D2 receptors in the pituitary, which inhibits PRL secretion via the tuberoinfundibular pathway (Fitzgerald and Dinan, 2008). In sheep treated with bromocriptine there is a decrease in PRL concentration and an increase in the sensitivity of cells producing LH to GnRH, but there is no disturbance in the course of the estrous cycle. Rams show decreased libido and changes in sexual behaviour. The administration of bromocriptine throughout the period of sexual activity and the period of rearing offspring affects maternal instinct, which involves the inhibition of PRL secretion. It is not clarified whether the effect of bromocriptine on sexual behaviour is associated with its direct impact on behavioural centres in the brain, or indirectly through the regulation of PRL secretion. However, the seasonal variations in the effects of bromocriptine on sexual behaviour can strengthen the hypothesis that the effect of bromocriptine on sexual development behaviour is associated with changes in the intensity of PRL secretion rather than by the inhibition of behavioural bromocriptine brain centres. The process of regulation of prolactin secretion by bromocriptine requires further examination.
Cooperation or Competition? A Field Experiment on Non-monetary Learning Incentives
Authors: Bigoni Maria , Fort Margherita , Nardotto Mattia , Reggiani Tommaso G. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
We assess the effect of two antithetic non-monetary incentive schemes based on grading rules on students’ effort, using experimental data. We randomly assigned students to a tournament scheme that fosters competition between paired up students, a cooperative scheme that promotes information sharing and collaboration between students and a baseline treatment in which students can neither compete nor cooperate. In line with theoretical predictions, we find that competition induces higher effort with respect to cooperation, whereas cooperation does not increase effort with respect to the baseline treatment. Nonetheless, we find a strong gender effect since this result holds only for men while women do not react to this type of non-monetary incentives.
Design and construction of a polygon-connected autotransformer-based 36-pulse AC-DC converter for power quality improvement in retrofit applications
Authors: Abdollahi R. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
This paper presents the design and analysis of a polygon connected autotransformer based 36-phase AC-DC converter which supplies direct torque controlled induction motor drives (DTCIMD’s) in order to have better power quality conditions at the point of common coupling. The proposed converter output voltage is accomplished via two paralleled eighteen-pulse AC-DC converters each of them consisting of nine-phase diode bridge rectifier. An autotransformer is designed to supply the rectifier. The design procedure of magnetics is in a way such that makes it suitable for retrofit applications where a six-pulse diode bridge rectifier is being utilized. The proposed structure improves power quality criteria at ac mains and makes them consistent with the IEEE-519 standard requirements for varying loads. Furthermore, near unity power factor is obtained for a wide range of DTCIMD operation. A comparison is made between 6-pulse and proposed converters from view point of power quality indices. Results show that input current total harmonic distortion (THD) is less than 4% for the proposed topology at variable loads. A laboratory prototype of the proposed Polygon-Connected autotransformer-based 36-pulse AC-DC converter is developed and test results are presented to validate the developed design procedure and the simulation models of this AC-DC converter under varying loads
Comparison of numerical and experimental study of armour system based on alumina and silicon carbide ceramics
Authors: Chabera P. , Boczkowska A. , Morka A. , Kędzierski P. , Niezgoda T. , Oziębło A. , Witek A. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The main goal of this numerical and experimental study of composite armour systems was to investigate their ballistic behaviour. Numerical simulations were employed to determine the initial dimensions of panel layers before the actual ballistic test. In order to achieve this aim, multivariate computations with different thicknesses of panel layers were conducted. Numerical calculations were performed with the finite element method in the LS-DYNA software, which is a commonly used tool for solving problems associated with shock wave propagation, blasts and impacts. An axisymmetric model was built in order to ensure sufficient discretization. Results of a simulation study allowed thicknesses of layers ensuring assumed level of protection to be determined.
According to the simulation results two armour configurations with different ceramics have been fabricated. The composite armour systems consisted of the front layer made of Al2O3 or SiC ceramic and high strength steel as the backing material. The ballistic performance of the proposed protective structures were tested with the use of 7.62 mm Armour Piercing (AP) projectile. A comparison of impact resistance of two defence systems with different ceramic has been carried out. Application of silicon carbide ceramic improved ballistic performance, as evidenced by smaller deformations of the second layer. In addition, one of armour systems was complemented with an intermediate ceramic-elastomer layer. A ceramic-elastomer component was obtained using pressure infiltration of gradient porous ceramic by elastomer. Upon ballistic impact, the ceramic body dissipated kinetic energy of the projectile. The residual energy was absorbed by the intermediate composite layer. It was found, that application of composite plates as a support of a ceramic body provided a decrease of the bullet penetration depth