bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do strigolactones contribute to plant defence?
Authors: Torres‐Vera Rocío , García Juan M. , Pozo María J. , López‐Ráez Juan A. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryStrigolactones are multifunctional molecules involved in several processes outside and within the plant. As signalling molecules in the rhizosphere, they favour the establishment of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, but they also act as host detection cues for root parasitic plants. As phytohormones, they are involved in the regulation of plant architecture, adventitious rooting, secondary growth and reproductive development, and novel roles are emerging continuously. In the present study, the possible involvement of strigolactones in plant defence responses was investigated. For this purpose, the resistance/susceptibility of the strigolactone‐deficient tomato mutant Slccd8 against the foliar fungal pathogens Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria alternata was assessed. Slccd8 was more susceptible to both pathogens, pointing to a new role for strigolactones in plant defence. A reduction in the content of the defence‐related hormones jasmonic acid, salicylic acid and abscisic acid was detected by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry in the Slccd8 mutant, suggesting that hormone homeostasis is altered in the mutant. Moreover, the expression level of the jasmonate‐dependent gene PinII, involved in the resistance of tomato to B. cinerea, was lower than in the corresponding wild‐type. We propose here that strigolactones play a role in the regulation of plant defences through their interaction with other defence‐related hormones, especially with the jasmonic acid signalling pathway.
Performing the nation in anti‐colonial protest in interwar Morocco
Authors: Wyrtzen Jonathan 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis article applies a process approach to the study of nationalism, analysing anti‐colonial protest in interwar Morocco to address how and why elite‐constructed national identity resonates for larger audiences. Using Alexander's social performance model to study nationalist contention, it examines how a Muslim prayer ritual was re‐purposed by Moroccan nationalists to galvanise mass protest against a French divide‐and‐rule colonial policy towards Moroccan Berbers that they believed threatened Morocco's ethno‐religious national unity. By looking at how national identity was forged in the context of contentious performances and why certain religious (Islam) and ethnic (Arab) components were drawn on to define the Moroccan nation, this study offers a model for answering why national identity gets defined in specific ways and how the nation gains salience for broader publics as a category of collective identity.
Patients' and relatives' experiences of transfer from intensive care unit to wards
Authors: Cullinane James P , Plowright Catherine I 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTAimsThis literature review looks at the evidence around transferring patients from intensive care units (ICU) to wards. The literature informs us that patients and their families experience problems when being transferred from an ICU environment and that this increases overall anxiety.BackgroundThe effects of surviving critical illness often have a profound psychological impact on patients and families This study examines the experiences of adult patients, and their families, following their transfer from the ICU to the ward.FindingsFive themes emerged from this literature review: physical responses, psychological responses, information and communication, safety and security, and the needs of relatives.ConclusionsThis review reminds us that these problems can be reduced if information and communication around time of transfers were improved.Relevance to clinical practiceAs critical care nurses it is essential that we prepare patients and families for transfer to wards.
Invasive forb benefits from water savings by native plants and carbon fertilization under elevated CO2 and warming
Authors: Blumenthal Dana M. , Resco Víctor , Morgan Jack A. , Williams David G. , LeCain Daniel R. , Hardy Erik M. , Pendall Elise , Bladyka Emma 
Published: August 2013

Summary

As global changes reorganize plant communities, invasive plants may benefit. We hypothesized that elevated CO2 and warming would strongly influence invasive species success in a semi‐arid grassland, as a result of both direct and water‐mediated indirect effects.

To test this hypothesis, we transplanted the invasive forb Linaria dalmatica into mixed‐grass prairie treated with free‐air CO2 enrichment and infrared warming, and followed survival, growth, and reproduction over 4 yr. We also measured leaf gas exchange and carbon isotopic composition in L. dalmatica and the dominant native C3 grass Pascopyrum smithii.

CO2 enrichment increased L. dalmatica biomass 13‐fold, seed production 32‐fold, and clonal expansion seven‐fold, while warming had little effect on L. dalmatica biomass or reproduction. Elevated CO2 decreased stomatal conductance in P. smithii, contributing to higher soil water, but not in L. dalmatica. Elevated CO2 also strongly increased L. dalmatica photosynthesis (87% versus 23% in P. smithii), as a result of both enhanced carbon supply and increased soil water.

More broadly, rapid growth and less conservative water use may allow invasive species to take advantage of both carbon fertilization and water savings under elevated CO2. Water‐limited ecosystems may therefore be particularly vulnerable to invasion as CO2 increases.
The impact of nonsyndromic oral clefts on family quality of life
Authors: Antunes Leonardo Santos , Maués Caroline Pelagio Raick , Nadaes Mariana Rocha , Costa Marcelo Castro , Küchler Erika Calvano , Antunes Lívia Azeredo Alves 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to assess the impact of nonsyndromic oral cleft (NSOC) on families’ quality of life (QoL) using the Brazilian version of the Family Impact Scale (B‐FIS). A hospital‐based case–control study was conducted with NSOC cases and unaffected controls recruited at Dental Clinic in Federal University. The mean B‐FIS scores were 10.32 (SD 6.53) and 5.04 (SD 4.73), while the median scores were 9.00 and 3.50 (p < .05 Wilcoxon test), respectively, in case and control group. The “parental/family activity” subscale had the highest impact average score in case (5.62 SD 3.76) and control group (3.00 SD 3.08) (p < .05 Mann–Whitney test). The types of cleft with the most impact were cleft lip (12.00 SD 8.98) and cleft lip with cleft palate (11.06 SD 6.74). NSOC affects the QoL of families with children who have this condition; however, there were no remarkable differences between the groups.
Morphodynamics and sedimentary structures of bedforms under supercritical‐flow conditions: New insights from flume experiments
Authors: Cartigny Matthieu J.B. , Ventra Dario , Postma George , van Den Berg Jan H. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractSupercritical‐flow phenomena are fairly common in modern sedimentary environments, yet their recognition and analysis remain difficult in the stratigraphic record. This fact is commonly ascribed to the poor preservation potential of deposits from high‐energy supercritical flows. However, the number of flume data sets on supercritical‐flow dynamics and sedimentary structures is very limited in comparison with available data for subcritical flows, which hampers the recognition and interpretation of such deposits. The results of systematic flume experiments spanning a broad range of supercritical‐flow bedforms (antidunes, chutes‐and‐pools and cyclic steps) developed in mobile sand beds of variable grain sizes are presented. Flow character and related bedform patterns are constrained through time‐series measurements of bed configurations, flow depths, flow velocities and Froude numbers. The results allow the refinement and extension of some widely used bedform stability diagrams in the supercritical‐flow domain, clarifying in particular the morphodynamic relations between antidunes and cyclic steps. The onset of antidunes is controlled by flows exceeding a threshold Froude number. The transition from antidunes to cyclic steps in fine to medium‐grained sand occurs at a threshold mobility parameter. Sedimentary structures associated with supercritical bedforms developed under variable aggradation rates are revealed by means of combining flume results and synthetic stratigraphy. The sedimentary structures are compared with examples from field and other flume studies. Aggradation rate is seen to exert an important control on the geometry of supercritical‐flow structures and should be considered when identifying supercritical bedforms in the sedimentary record.
Autogenic dynamics of alluvial fans in endorheic basins: Outcrop examples and stratigraphic significance
Authors: Ventra Dario , Nichols Gary J. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAlluvial fans are relatively simple depositional systems, due to the direct coupling of sediment sources and adjacent accumulation areas. Nonetheless, general models of alluvial‐fan evolution and stratigraphy remain elusive, due to the great sensitivity of such systems to allogenic controls and their strongly case‐specific responses. Autogenic processes intrinsic to alluvial‐fan dynamics can complicate stratigraphic architectures, with effects not easily distinguishable from those of allogenic forcing. A distinction is made here between lateral autogenic dynamics, tied to spatial sediment distribution over fan surfaces, and vertical autogenic dynamics, related to independent incision‐aggradation cycles. Autogenic mechanisms have been highlighted recently by modelling studies, but remain poorly constrained in field‐based studies. Examples are presented here from the margins of the Cenozoic Teruel and Ebro basins (Spain), where alluvial fans accumulated thick successions during phases of basin topographic closure and endorheic drainage which promoted forced aggradation. Fan successions consist of conformable architectures of stacked clastic sheets, laterally continuous and with no evidence of internal unconformities, inset architectures, fan segmentation or preserved incised channels. Continuous aggradation in these closed basins strongly inhibited ‘vertical’ autogenic dynamics in the form of fan head and through fan incision, due to the forced rise in geomorphic base level and the creation of positive accommodation. Furthermore, the lack of incised channels favoured widespread sediment transport and aggradation over broad fan sectors in relatively short time spans, in contrast to the typical occurrence of active lobes and abandoned fan surfaces caused by ‘lateral’ autogenic dynamics. Stratigraphic records of alluvial fans developed in endorheic basins are essentially complete and largely unaffected by autogenic processes. The latter characteristic implies that they can be more unambiguously interpreted in terms of allogenic forcing, because stratigraphic signatures are not complicated by the effects of complex fan autodynamics.
Larval morphology and phylogenetic position ofHorelophopsis hanseniSatô etYoshitomi (Coleoptera,Hydrophilidae,Horelophopsinae)
Authors: MINOSHIMA YÛSUKE , HAYASHI MASAKAZU , KOBAYASHI NORIO , YOSHITOMI HIROYUKI 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe subfamilyHorelophopsinae was originally proposed as one of the earliest diverging clades ofHydrophilidae (s.s.), but its phylogenetic placement has never been tested. We describe the larva ofHorelophopsis hanseniSatô etYoshitomi, 2004 of theHorelophopsinae. Larval data are based on larval specimens collected together with adults, and unambiguously associated with them by means ofDNAbarcoding. We perform an analysis testing the phylogenetic position ofH. hansenibased on larval and adult morphological characters.Horelophopsis hanseniis unambiguously placed within the hydrophilid subfamilyHydrophilinae and its close relationships to the genusAgraphydrusRégimbart, 1903 (Hydrophilinae,Acidocerini) is recognized. The results suggest that the subfamilyHorelophopsinae is unlikely to be a basal taxon ofHydrophilidae, as originally suggested.
Assessment of shock index in healthy dogs and dogs in hemorrhagic shock
Authors: Peterson Katherine L. , Hardy Brian T. , Hall Kelly 
Published: August 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the shock index (SI) in a population of healthy dogs to a population of dogs with confirmed hemorrhagic shock.DesignRetrospective analysis of data collected prospectively from 2 previous studies.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsSeventy‐eight healthy control dogs enrolled in a study to establish a reference interval for a tissue oxygen monitor; 38 dogs with confirmed hemorrhagic shock enrolled in a study to evaluate the tissue oxygen monitor in hemorrhagic shock. The heart rate and systolic blood pressure obtained during the respective studies were used to calculate the SI.InterventionsNone.Measurements and Main ResultsShock index was significantly higher in the hemorrhage group (median 1.37, range 0.78–4.35) than the control group (median 0.91, range 0.57–1.53); 92% of the dogs in hemorrhagic shock had an SI of >0.91. Compared with controls, dogs in hemorrhagic shock had significantly lower body temperatures (median 38.3°C, range 35.6–39.9°C versus median 38.7°C, range 37.5–39.9°C), higher heart rates (median 150/min, range 120–220/min versus median 110/min range 80–150/min), lower systolic blood pressures (mean 112 mm Hg, SD ±35.8 mm Hg versus mean 125 mm Hg, SD ±21.5 mm Hg), higher lactate concentrations (median 0.51 mmol/L, range 0.078–1.41 mmol/L versus median 0.11 mmol/L, range 0.033–0.33 mmol/L), and lower hemoglobin concentrations (median 81 g/L, range 56–183 g/L versus median 162.5 g/L, range 133–198 g/L).ConclusionsShock index is a simple and easy calculation that can be used as an additional triage tool and should prompt further investigation for hemorrhage if the values are >0.9.
ISLAMIC BIOETHICS IN THE TWENTY‐FIRST CENTURY
Authors: Ghaly Mohammed 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIslamic bioethics is in good health, this article argues. During the twentieth century, academic researchers had to deal with a number of difficulties including the scarcity of available Islamic sources. However, the twenty‐first century witnessed significant breakthroughs in the field of Islamic bioethics. A growing number of normative works authored by Muslim religious scholars and studies conducted by academic researchers have been published. This nascent field also proved to be appealing for research‐funding institutions in the Muslim world and also in the West, such as the Qatar National Research Fund (QNRF) and the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO). On the other hand, the article argues that contemporary Islamic bioethics is in need of addressing news issues and adopting new approaches for the sake of maintaining and improving this good health in the future.
EMBODIED COGNITION IN CLASSICAL RABBINIC LITERATURE
Authors: Weiss Daniel H. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractChallenging earlier cognitivist approaches, recent theories of embodied cognition argue that the human mind and its functions are best understood as intimately bound up with the human body and its physiological dimensions. Some scholars have suggested that such theories, in departing from some core assumptions of the Western philosophical tradition, display significant similarities to certain non‐Western traditions of thought, such as Buddhism. This essay extends such parallels to the Jewish tradition and argues that, in particular, classical rabbinic thought presents a profoundly nondualistic account of the body–soul relation in its connection to cognition, action, and embodiment. Classical rabbinic texts therefore model the possibility of engaging with ‘Western’ conceptions such as God and the soul, while doing so in a manner that resonates strongly with many aspects of contemporary scientific theories. Thus, beyond their value as historical documents, insight into the texts and concepts of classical rabbinic Judaism can contribute to the further development of new theories of intellect and cognition.
FROM EMBODIED TO EXTENDED COGNITION
Authors: Teske John A. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractEmbodied cognitive science holds that cognitive processes are deeply and inescapably rooted in our bodily interactions with the world. Our finite, contingent, and mortal embodiment may be not only supportive, but in some cases even constitutive of emotions, thoughts, and experiences. My discussion here will work outward from the neuroanatomy and neurophysiology of the brain to a nervous system which extends to the boundaries of the body. It will extend to nonneural aspects of embodiment and even beyond the boundaries of the body to prosthetics of various kinds, including symbioses with a broad array of cultural artifacts, our symbolic niche, and our relationships with other embodied human beings. While cognition may not always be situated, its origins are embedded in temporally and spatially limited activities. Cognitive work also can be off‐loaded to the body and to the environment in service of action, tool use, group cognition, and social coordination. This can blur the boundaries between brain areas, brain and body, and body and environment, transforming our understanding of mind and personhood to provide a different grounding for faith traditions in general, and of the historically dualist Christian tradition in particular.
A Stochastic Model for Long-Term Trends in Significant Wave Height With a CO2 Regression Component
Authors: Vanem Erik 
Published: August 2013

Bad weather and rough seas continue to be a major cause for ship losses and is thus a significant contributor to the risk to maritime transportation. This stresses the importance of taking severe sea state conditions adequately into account, with due treatment of the uncertainties involved, in ship design and operation. Hence, there is a need for appropriate stochastic models describing the variability of sea states. These should also incorporate realistic projections of future return levels of extreme sea states, taking into account long-term trends related to climate change and inherent uncertainties.
The stochastic model presented in this paper allows for modelling of complex dependence structures in space and time and incorporation of physical features and prior knowledge, yet at the same time remains intuitive and easily interpreted. A regression component with CO2 as an explanatory variable has been introduced in order to extract and project long-term trends in the data. The model has been fitted by significant wave height data for an area in the North Atlantic ocean. The different components of the model will be outlined in the paper, and the results will be discussed.
Arctic FPSO: Technical Feasibilities and Challenges
Authors: Li Guang (George) 
Published: August 2013

FPSO (Floating Production Storage Offloading) vessels are ideally suited for development of remote-region projects because tankers and onsite storage are needed to transport crude oil to markets. Even for the basins where pipelines are eventually built, an FPSO can still serve as an early production system to reduce project risk and improve project cash flow. Therefore, an FPSO offers an attractive solution to deepwater fields in the Arctic where fixed platforms are not feasible from either technical or commercial perspectives.
The technical feasibility of an arctic FPSO depends on ice and iceberg conditions. In iceberg infested water, the arctic FPSO needs to be disconnectable to avoid collisions with incoming icebergs. Even without the presence of icebergs, an Arctic FPSO may need to be disconnectable due to the limits of stationkeeping capacity of its mooring system. Design of a disconnectable mooring system becomes significantly more challenging than a permanent one because of the additional requirement of load transfer, disconnected subsea system, disconnections and reconnections. These requirements often conflict with the ones of flow assurance, topside layout, ventilation and fire protection. These conflicting requirements are discussed and technology gaps are identified in this paper.
Fatigue and Fracture of Mechanically Lined Pipes Installed by Reeling
Authors: Tkaczyk Tomasz , Pépin Aurélien , Denniel Sylvain 
Published: August 2013

There is an increasing need for transport of corrosive constituents in the subsea oil and gas sector, which generates a high demand for corrosion resistant alloys. Stainless steel, such as duplex, is routinely used for subsea pipelines. Clad pipe with a thin CRA layer metallurgically bonded to a carbon steel pipe is also widely applied, especially for high temperature pipelines and SCRs as it does not suffer from significant strength reduction at high temperature and has an excellent fatigue performance in sour environment.
The interest has grown in lined pipe, which combines the benefits of clad pipe with more attractive procurement costs and shorter lead times. Here, CRA and carbon steel are adhered by means of an interference fit. The authors have patented and qualified a lined pipe design, which enables safe reeled installation without internal overpressure. To extend the field of applications of lined pipe, large scale bending and fatigue tests have been carried out in this work. It has been confirmed that the novel reeled lined pipe is suitable for SCR service.
The Use of Empirical Orthogonal Functions for Deriving Response Based Extreme Current Profiles
Authors: Jeans Gus , Harrington-Missin Liam , Watson Andrew , Upton Jon 
Published: August 2013

Coherent extreme current profiles are derived to reduce the over-conservatism associated with the traditional assumption that extreme currents occur at all depths through the water column simultaneously. Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis has proven effective for derivation of coherent extreme current profiles in regions where it effectively captures the dominant characteristics of the flow regime. This is despite the questionable suitability of EOF for Current Profile Characterisation, which reduces a large current profile data set into a much smaller set of profiles for riser fatigue studies.
EOF Mode 1 and 2 are used to represent six years of in-situ current profiles accounting for 97.75% of the original variance. With the assumption that depth integrated speed squared is proportional to drag on a simple riser, three sets of extreme current profiles were derived. A) Profiles associated with extreme near surface current speeds, B) Profiles associated with extreme mid-depth current speeds and C) Profiles associated with extreme drag on a riser.
Dynamic and Fatigue Analyses of Stress Joint for Deepwater Steel Catenary Riser
Authors: Yang Hezhen , Zheng Wenqing 
Published: August 2013

As the offshore industry continues to progress developments in deepwater, Steel Catenary Riser (SCR) offers great advantages over other risers. In order to provide the hang-off with sufficient stiffness, stress joint is used to connect the riser with platform. When stress joints are located at the top of a deep marine riser, it is greatly affected by both axial and bending stress due to great cyclic loading. So it is necessary to do some research on dynamic and local fatigue analyses for stress joint.
In this work, global dynamic analysis for a SCR is performed firstly, then local boundary condition obtained from the previous analysis are applied to the stress joint FE model for time domain dynamic and multiaxial fatigue analysis. Results indicate that the stress level is far lower than yield limit of material and damage induced by fatigue needs more attention. Besides, the damage character of the two types of stress joints differs: for TSJ, the place where stress joint connects with riser is easy to occur fatigue damage; for SSJ, the most probable position is at the place where the end of inner sleeve pipe contacts with the riser body. Compared with SSJ, TSJ shows a higher stress level but better fatigue performance, and it will have a higher material cost. Considering various factors, designers should choose the most suitable type and also geometric parameters.