bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intensity‐modulated radiotherapy to the pelvis and androgen deprivation in men with locally advanced prostate cancer: A study of adverse effects and their relation to quality of life
Authors: Lilleby Wolfgang , Stensvold Andreas , Dahl Alv A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDTo study, adverse effects, quality of life (QoL), fatigue, and mental distress when intensity‐modulated radiotherapy combined with androgen deprivation was applied to the whole pelvis as management of men with locally advanced prostate cancer.METHODSIn this prospective follow‐up study 91 patients were treated by modern pelvic intensity‐modulated radiotherapy and followed for 12 months. The patients completed a questionnaire with well‐established instruments for adverse effects on urinary, bowel, and sexual function and bother, QoL, fatigue, and mental distress before treatment, and at 3 and 12 months follow‐up.RESULTSAfter pelvic intensity‐modulated radiotherapy the mean levels of sexual urinary and bowel function and bother were significantly reduced from baseline. Only urinary bother improved from 3 to 12‐month follow‐up. The levels of fatigue and QoL increased significantly from baseline to 3‐month. Mental distress, fatigue, and QoL were significantly associated with both urinary and bowel function and bother at most time points, while so was not observed for sexual bother and function.CONCLUSIONSMen treated with pelvic intensity‐modulated radiotherapy and androgen deprivation have significant reductions of all types of function and bother at 3 months, with minimal improvement to 12 months except for urinary bother. Fatigue possibly due to pelvic intensity‐modulated radiotherapy increased at follow‐ups. Prostate 73: 1038–1047, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High‐Grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia (HGPIN) and topographical distribution in 1,374 prostatectomy specimens: Existence of HGPIN near prostate cancer
Authors: Eminaga Okyaz , Hinkelammert Reemt , Abbas Mahmoud , Titze Ulf , Eltze Elke , Bettendorf Olaf , Semjonow Axel 
Published: March 2013

AbstractPURPOSEHigh‐grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) is believed to be a precursor of prostate cancer (PCa). This study evaluated whether HGPIN was located close to PCa in whole radical prostatectomy specimens (RPSs).MATERIALS AND METHODSWe evaluated 1,374 prostate specimens from 1999 to 2010 using a cMDX‐based map model of the prostate. The distribution of 10,439 PCa foci was analyzed and visualized on a heat map. The color gradient of the heat map was reduced to six colors representing the frequency classification of the relative frequency of PCa using an image posterization effect. We defined 22 regions in the prostate according to the frequency of PCa occurrence. Seven hundred ninety RPSs containing 6,374 PCa foci and 4,502 HGPIN foci were evaluated. The topographical association between PCa and HGPIN in the RPSs was analyzed by estimating the frequencies of PCa and HGPIN in 22 regions. A logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the odds ratios of HGPIN for the presence of PCa in 22 regions.RESULTSFifty‐eight percent of PCa specimens included HGPIN and had significantly more favorable Gleason scores, lower PSA levels and smaller relative tumor volumes than isolated PCa specimens. HGPIN (68%) and PCa (69%) were predominantly localized to the apical half of the prostate. HGPIN was mainly concentrated in the peripheral zone medial to regions with high PCa frequencies. Upon logistic regression analysis, HGPIN was a significant predictor of PCa co‐existence in 11 regions.CONCLUSIONSHGPIN was located adjacent to PCa in whole RPSs. PCa concomitant with HGPIN had more favorable pathologic features than isolated PCa. Prostate 73: 1115–1122, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Universal Rule on Chirality‐Dependent Bandgaps in Graphene Antidot Lattices
Authors: Liu Xiaofei , Zhang Zhuhua , Guo Wanlin 
Published: March 2013

AbstractGraphene with periodically patterned antidots has attracted intense research attention as it represents a facile route to open a bandgap for graphene electronics. However, not all graphene antidot lattices (GALs) can open a bandgap and a guiding rule is missing. Here, through systematic first‐principles calculations, it is found that bandgaps in triangular GALs are surprisingly well defined by a chirality vector R = n a1 + ma2 connecting two neighboring antidots, where a1 and a2 are the basis vectors of graphene. The bandgap opens in the GALs with (n‐m)mod3 = 0 but remains closed in those with (n‐m)mod3 = ±1, reminiscent of the gap‐chirality rule in carbon nanotubes. Remarkably, the gap value in GALs allows ample modulation by adjusting the length of chirality vectors, shape and size of the antidots. The gap–chirality relation in GALs stems from the chirality‐dependent atomic structures of GALs as revealed by a super‐atom model as well as Clar sextet analyses. This chirality‐dependent bandgap is further shown to be a generic behavior in any parallelogram GAL and thus serves as an essential stepping stone for experimenters to realize graphene devices by antidot engineering.
Natriuretic Peptide Receptor A Signaling Regulates Stem Cell Recruitment and Angiogenesis: A Model to Study Linkage Between Inflammation and Tumorigenesis
Authors: Mallela Jaya , Ravi Sowndharya , Jean Louis Frantz , Mulaney Bianca , Cheung Michael , Sree Garapati Ujjwala , Chinnasamy Vignesh , Wang Chunyan , Nagaraj Srinivas , Mohapatra Shyam S. , Mohapatra Subhra 
Published: March 2013

AbstractNatriuretic peptide receptor A (NPRA), the signaling receptor for the cardiac hormone, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), is expressed abundantly in inflamed/injured tissues and tumors. NPRA deficiency substantially decreases tissue inflammation and inhibits tumor growth. However, the precise mechanism of NPRA function and whether it links inflammation and tumorigenesis remains unknown. Since both injury repair and tumor growth require stem cell recruitment and angiogenesis, we examined the role of NPRA signaling in tumor angiogenesis as a model of tissue injury repair in this study. In in vitro cultures, aortas from NPRA-KO mice show significantly lower angiogenic response compared to wild-type counterparts. The NPRA antagonist that decreases NPRA expression, inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced angiogenesis. The reduction in angiogenesis correlates with decreased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 (CXCR4) implicating a cell recruitment defect. To test whether NPRA regulates migration of cells to tumors, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were administered i.v., and the results showed that MSCs fail to migrate to the tumor microenvironment in NPRA-KO mice. However, coimplanting tumor cells with MSCs increases angiogenesis and tumorigenesis in NPRA-KO mice, in part by promoting expression of CXCR4 and its ligand, stromal cell-derived factor 1α. Taken together, these results demonstrate that NPRA signaling regulates stem cell recruitment and angiogenesis leading to tumor growth. Thus, NPRA signaling provides a key linkage between inflammation and tumorigenesis, and NPRA may be a target for drug development against cancers and tissue injury repair.
Endogenous Distal Airway Progenitor Cells, Lung Mechanics, and Disproportionate Lobar Growth Following Long-Term Postpneumonectomy in Mice
Authors: Eisenhauer Philip , Earle Benjamin , Loi Roberto , Sueblinvong Viranuj , Goodwin Meagan , Allen Gilman B. , Lundblad Lennart , Mazan Melissa R. , Hoffman Andrew M. , Weiss Daniel J. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Using a model of postpneumonectomy (PNY) compensatory lung growth in mice, we previously observed an increase in numbers of a putative endogenous distal airway progenitor cell population (CCSPpos/pro-SPCpos cells located at bronchoalveolar duct junctions [BADJs]), at 3, 7, and 14 days after pneumonectomy, returning to baseline at 28 days post-PNY. As the origin of these cells is poorly understood, we evaluated whether bone marrow cells contributed to the pool of these or other cells during prolonged post-PNY lung regrowth. Naïve and sex-mismatched chimeric mice underwent left PNY and were evaluated at 1, 2, and 3 months for numbers of BADJ CCSPpos/pro-SPCpos cells and presence of donor-derived marrow cells engrafted as airway or alveolar epithelium. Nonchimeric mice were also examined at 12 months after PNY for numbers of BADJ CCSPpos/pro-SPCpos cells. Notably, the right accessory lobe (RAL) continued to grow disproportionately over 12 months, a novel finding not previously described. Assessment of lung mechanics demonstrated an increase in lung stiffness following PNY, which significantly diminished over 1 year, but remained elevated relative to 1-year-old naïve controls. However, the number of CCSPpos/pro-SPCpos BADJ cells ≥1-month following PNY was equivalent to that found in naïve controls even after 12 months of continued RAL growth. Notably, no donor bone marrow-derived cells engrafted as airway or alveolar epithelial cells, including those at the BADJ, up to 3 months after PNY. These studies suggest that lung epithelial cells, including CCSPpos/pro-SPCpos cells, are not replenished from marrow-derived cells during post-PNY lung growth in mice.
Refined exhumation history of the northern Sierras Pampeanas, Argentina
Authors: Löbens Stefan , Sobel Edward R. , Bense Frithjof A. , Wemmer Klaus , Dunkl István , Siegesmund Siegfried 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe Sierra de Aconquija and Cumbres Calchaquíes in the thick‐skinned northern Sierras Pampeanas, NW Argentina present an ideal setting to investigate the tectonically and erosionally controlled exhumation and uplift history of mountain ranges using thermochronological methods. Although these ranges are located along strike of one another, their spatiotemporal evolution varies significantly. Integrating modeled cooling histories constrained by K‐Ar ages of muscovite and biotite, apatite fission track data as well as (U‐Th)/He measurement of zircon and apatite reveal the structural evolution of these ranges beginning in the late stage of the Paleozoic Famatinian Orogeny. Following localized rift‐related exhumation in the central part of the study area and slow erosion elsewhere, growth of the modern topography commenced in the Cenozoic during Andean deformation. The main activity occurred during the late Miocene, with varying magnitudes of rock uplift, surface uplift, and exhumation in the two mountain ranges. The Cumbres Calchaquíes is characterized by a total of 5–7 km of vertical rock uplift, around 3 km of crestal surface uplift, and a maximum exhumation of 2–4 km since that time. The Sierra de Aconquija experienced 10–13 km of vertical rock uplift, ~4–5 km of peak surface uplift, and 6–8 km of exhumation since around 9 Ma. Much of this exhumation occurred along a previously poorly recognized fault. Miocene reactivation of Cretaceous rift structures may explain along‐strike variations within these ranges. Dating of sedimentary samples from adjacent basins supports the evolutionary model developed for the mountain ranges.
First successful case of non‐invasive in‐utero treatment of twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence by high‐intensity focused ultrasound
Authors: Okai T. , Ichizuka K. , Hasegawa J. , Matsuoka R. , Nakamura M. , Shimodaira K. , Sekizawa A. , Kushima M. , Umemura S. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTHigh‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has excellent potential as a non‐invasive therapeutic tool in various fields of medicine. We present a case of twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence, in which non‐invasive blood flow occlusion in the acardiac fetus was successfully achieved by means of HIFU exposure from outside the maternal abdomen. HIFU was applied to blood vessels of the acardiac fetus at the point at which the umbilical cord entered the body in a series of four procedures at 3‐day intervals starting at 13 weeks' gestation, and in a final procedure with higher power at 17 weeks. The HIFU intensity was set at approximately 2300 W/cm2 for the initial series of procedures and at 4600 W/cm2 for the final procedure, with exposure periods of 10 s. As color Doppler examination revealed absence of blood flow to the acardiac fetus after the second round of HIFU exposure, we concluded that complete occlusion of target vessels had been achieved. Delivery was by Cesarean section at 37 weeks' gestation. A male neonate (the pump fetus) was born weighing 1903 g with Apgar scores of 8 and 9 at 1 and 5 min, respectively. At the time of writing, the baby was healthy and growing normally, with the exception of congenital pseudarthrosis. Copyright © 2013 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
What would surgeons like from materials scientists?
Authors: Grundfest‐Broniatowski Sharon 
Published: March 2013

AbstractSurgery involves the repair, resection, replacement, or improvement of body parts and functions and in numerous ways, surgery should be considered human engineering. There are many areas in which surgical materials could be improved, but surgeons are generally unaware of materials available for use, while materials scientists do not know what surgeons require. This article will review some of the areas where surgeons and materials scientists have interacted in the past and will discuss some of the most pressing problems which remain to be solved. These include better implant materials for hernia repair, breast reconstruction, the treatment of diabetes, vascular stenting and reconstruction, and electrical pacing devices. The combination of tissue engineering and nanomaterials has great potential for application to nearly every aspect of surgery. Tissue engineering will allow cells or artificial organs to be grown for specific uses while nanotechnology will help to ensure maximal biocompatibility. Biosensors will be combined with improved electrodes and pacing devices to control impaired neurological functions. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2013, 5:299–319. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1220This article is categorized under:

Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants
Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanotechnology in Tissue Repair and Replacement
Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanoscale Tools and Techniques in Surgery
Physical dispersion and dilution of ballast water discharge in the St. Clair River: Implications for biological invasions
Authors: Sun Yajun , Wells Mathew G. , Bailey Sarah A. , Anderson Eric J. 
Published: March 2013

Key PointsLimited transverse mixing predicts discharge never reaches the opposite bank.Power‐law decay of peak concentration can considerably reduce invasion risks.Distinct travels speeds occur across the wide channel due to velocity shear.
Relationship between water color, water levels, and climate indices in large rivers: Case of the St. Lawrence River (Canada)
Authors: Massicotte Philippe , Assani Ali A. , Gratton Denis , Frenette Jean‐Jacques 
Published: March 2013

Key Points
Water color in the SLR may be used to monitor environmental and climate changes.
We found a link between global climate indices and water color in large river.
This link is mainly driven by water level changes which depend on climate.
Sporicidal efficacy of pH-adjusted bleach for control of bioburden on production facility surfaces
Authors: Frazer Anne Cornish , Smyth Josephine N , Bhupathiraju Vishvesh K 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
pH-adjusted bleach was one of the agents used to disinfect contaminated public buildings in the USA following the 2001 bioterrorist attack with Bacillus anthracis spores. A USEPA fact sheet describes the preparation of pH-adjusted bleach by combining diluted sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) with a controlled amount of 5 % acetic acid. This paper reports a modification of this procedure to qualify the use of pH-adjusted bleach for routine disinfection of cleanroom surfaces in pharmaceutical manufacturing facilities whenever a short contact time is desirable or there is a need for enhanced germicidal or sporicidal activity. Adjustment of pH was obtained reproducibly with either acetic acid or HCl, confirming the feasibility of developing standard procedures for the controlled addition of acid to diluted NaOCl solutions without compromising operator safety and convenience. Efficacy testing using spores from an in-house isolate of Bacillus pumilus confirmed that NaOCl solutions in the pH 5–8 range have much greater sporicidal activity on surfaces than do unadjusted alkaline solutions (pH &gt; 11). With a contact time of 0.5 min, the log10 reduction in spore viable counts was &gt;5.4 for the five representative surfaces tested relative to untreated controls. Solutions of pH-adjusted NaOCl are known to be less stable than unadjusted alkaline solutions. Stability studies were performed by monitoring sporicidal efficacy, level of free available chlorine (FAC), and pH. Testing included several NaOCl concentrations and adjustment to different starting pHs. The efficacy of pH-adjusted solutions persisted in open containers for at least 12 h even though some FAC degradation occurred. In addition, solutions of 0.29 or 0.50 % NaOCl stored at room temperature protected from light retained efficacy for at least 4 weeks, indicating that short-term storage of solutions is possible following pH adjustment. The inorganic chemical degradation of pH-adjusted NaOCl solutions generates chlorate ion, an undesirable by-product. A comparison of chemical stability for 0.12, 0.25, and 0.50 % NaOCl solutions adjusted to different initial pHs indicated that the least chlorate formation occurred with 0.12 % NaOCl.
Coloration Process in the Sulfonation of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester with Sulfur Trioxide
Authors: Niikura Fumiya , Omine Masato , Kimura Yoshihiro , Konta Hiroshi , Kageyama Motohiro , Tobori Norio , Araki Koji 
Published: March 2013

AbstractFatty acid methyl ester sulfonate (MES), an anionic surfactant suitable as a laundry detergent, is produced commercially by the direct sulfonation of fatty acid methyl ester (ME) with SO3. However, intense coloration occurs during the sulfonation process. The sulfonation of ME was performed through the addition of SO3 (SO3/ME molar ratio = 0.8–1.2) for 1–4 h and subsequent aging for 1 h at 80 °C. Even when the amount of unsaturated bonds in ME was reduced to give an iodine value (IV) of less than 0.01, coloration occurred during the sulfonation, making the unbleached product unsuitable for commercial use. The formation of olefinic units and SO2 was observed during the reaction, and the color of the reaction mixture was strongly correlated with their amounts. Further analysis confirmed that equimolar amounts of the olefinic unit and SO2 were formed, and the rate profiles of the formation of MES and SO2 agreed well with each other. From these observations, we concluded that the coloration of the reaction mixture was caused by oxidation of the alkyl chain with SO3 during the liberation of SO3 from the 1:2 adduct of ME and SO3, a key intermediate in the sulfonation process.
Low appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) with limited mobility and poor health outcomes in middle‐aged African Americans
Authors: Malmstrom Theodore K. , Miller Douglas K. , Herning Margaret M. , Morley John E. 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundRecent efforts to provide a consensus definition propose that sarcopenia be considered a clinical syndrome associated with the loss of both skeletal muscle mass and muscle function that occurs with aging. Validation of sarcopenia definitions that include both low muscle mass and poor muscle function is needed.MethodsIn the population‐based African American Health (AAH) study (N = 998 at baseline/wave 1), muscle mass and mobility were evaluated in a clinical testing center in a subsample of N = 319 persons (ages 52–68) at wave 4 (2004). Muscle mass was measured using dual energy x‐ray absorptiometry and mobility by a 6‐min walk test and 4‐m gait walk test. Height corrected appendicular skeletal mass (ASM; 9.0 ± 1.5 in n = 124 males, 8.3 ± 2.2 in n = 195 females) was computed as total lean muscle mass in arms and legs (kilograms) divided by the square of height (meters). Cross‐sectional and longitudinal (6‐year) associations of low ASM (bottom 25 % AAH sample; <7.96 males and <7.06 females) and low ASM with limited mobility (4‐m gait walk ≤1 m/s or 6‐min walk <400 m) were examined for basic activities of daily living (ADL) difficulties, instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) difficulties, frailty, falls, and mortality (longitudinal only).ResultsLow ASM with limited mobility was associated with IADL difficulties (p = .008) and frailty (p = .040) but not with ADL difficulties or falls in cross‐sectional analyses; and with ADL difficulties (p = .022), IADL difficulties (p = .006), frailty (p = .039), and mortality (p = .003) but not with falls in longitudinal analyses adjusted for age and gender. Low ASM alone was marginally associated with mortality (p = .085) but not with other outcomes in cross‐sectional or longitudinal analyses.ConclusionLow ASM with limited mobility is associated with poor health outcomes among late middle‐aged African Americans.
The neuropsychology of normal aging and preclinical Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Caselli Richard J. , Locke Dona E.C. , Dueck Amylou C. , Knopman David S. , Woodruff Bryan K. , Hoffman‐Snyder Charlene , Rademakers Rosa , Fleisher Adam S. , Reiman Eric M. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjectiveA National Institute on Aging–sponsored work group on preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) articulated the need to characterize cognitive differences between normal aging and preclinical AD.MethodsSeventy‐one apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 homozygotes, 194 ε3/ε4 heterozygotes, and 356 ε4 noncarriers age 21 to 87 years who were cognitively healthy underwent neuropsychological testing every 2 years. Longitudinal trajectories of test scores were compared between APOE subgroups.ResultsThere was a significant effect of age on all cognitive domains in both APOE ε4 carriers and noncarriers. A significant effect of APOE ε4 gene dose was confined to the memory domain and the Dementia Rating Scale. Cross‐sectional comparisons did not discriminate the groups.ConclusionsAlthough cognitive aging patterns are similar in APOE ε4 carriers and noncarriers, preclinical AD is characterized by a significant ε4 gene dose effect that impacts memory and is detectable longitudinally. Preclinical neuropsychological testing strategies should emphasize memory‐sensitive measures and longitudinal design.