bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insights into Dynamic Mitotic Chromatin Organization Through the NIMA Kinase Suppressor SonC, a Chromatin-Associated Protein Involved in the DNA Damage Response
Authors: Larson Jennifer R , Facemyer Eric M , Shen Kuo-Fang , Ukil Leena , Osmani Stephen A 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe nuclear pore complex proteins SonA and SonB, the orthologs of mammalian RAE1 and NUP98, respectively, were identified in Aspergillus nidulans as cold-sensitive suppressors of a temperature-sensitive allele of the essential mitotic NIMA kinase (nimA1). Subsequent analyses found that sonB1 mutants exhibit temperature-dependent DNA damage sensitivity. To understand this pathway further, we performed a genetic screen to isolate additional conditional DNA damage-sensitive suppressors of nimA1. We identified two new alleles of SonA and four intragenic nimA mutations that suppress the temperature sensitivity of the nimA1 mutant. In addition, we identified SonC, a previously unstudied binuclear zinc cluster protein involved with NIMA and the DNA damage response. Like sonA and sonB, sonC is an essential gene. SonC localizes to nuclei and partially disperses during mitosis. When the nucleolar organizer region (NOR) undergoes mitotic condensation and removal from the nucleolus, nuclear SonC and histone H1 localize in a mutually exclusive manner with H1 being removed from the NOR region and SonC being absent from the end of the chromosome beyond the NOR. This region of chromatin is adjacent to a cluster of nuclear pore complexes to which NIMA localizes last during its progression around the nuclear envelope during initiation of mitosis. The results genetically extend the NIMA regulatory system to include a protein with selective large-scale chromatin location observed during mitosis. The data suggest a model in which NIMA and SonC, its new chromatin-associated suppressor, might help to orchestrate global chromatin states during mitosis and the DNA damage response.
Environment Determines Epistatic Patterns for a ssDNA Virus
Authors: Caudle S Brian , Miller Craig R , Rokyta Darin R 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDespite the accumulation of substantial quantities of information about epistatic interactions among both deleterious and beneficial mutations in a wide array of experimental systems, neither consistent patterns nor causal explanations for these interactions have yet emerged. Furthermore, the effects of mutations depend on the environment in which they are characterized, implying that the environment may also influence epistatic interactions. Recent work with beneficial mutations for the single-stranded DNA bacteriophage ID11 demonstrated that interactions between pairs of mutations could be understood by means of a simple model that assumes that mutations have additive phenotypic effects and that epistasis arises through a nonlinear phenotype–fitness map with a single intermediate optimum. To determine whether such a model could also explain changes in epistatic patterns associated with changes in environment, we measured epistatic interactions for these same mutations under conditions for which we expected to find the wild-type ID11 at different distances from its phenotypic optimum by assaying fitnesses at three different temperatures: 33°, 37°, and 41°. Epistasis was present and negative under all conditions, but became more pronounced as temperature increased. We found that the additive-phenotypes model explained these patterns as changes in the parameters of the phenotype–fitness map, but that a model that additionally allows the phenotypes to vary across temperatures performed significantly better. Our results show that ostensibly complex patterns of fitness effects and epistasis across environments can be explained by assuming a simple structure for the genotype–phenotype relationship.
Dielectric Nanowire Composites: One-Pot Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Encapsulated in Polyaniline Fibers
Authors: Mushibe Eliud K. , Murphy Steven C. , Raiti-Palazzolo Kate , Mccarthy Danielle L , Obuya Emilly A. , Chiguma Jasper , Jones Wayne E. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTNanocomposites of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) embedded in polyaniline fibers have been fabricated using a one-pot synthesis approach and in-situ polymerization. By using a combination of inorganic acids (e.g. HCl) and camphorsulfonic acid, polyaniline nanostructured fibers of high aspect ratio with diameters of 150 ± 50 nm and several micrometers in length were obtained. These fibers afforded high electrical conductivity of 4.2 ± 0.5 S/cm. Encapsulation of the AuNPs in the polyaniline fibers afforded nanocomposites with high electrical conductivity and dielectric constant of 34.0 ± 0.5 S/cm and 65.3 ± 5 respectively. The morphology of these materials was analyzed using SEM and HRTEM and electronic properties were analyzed using UV-Vis spectroscopy.
Interaction between Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Binder and Graphite in the Anode of Lithium Ion Batteries: Rheological Properties and Surface Chemistry
Authors: Yoo Mikyong , Frank Curtis W. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe describe here the interaction of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) with graphite based on the rheological behavior of the slurries and the surface morphology of PVDF in the final composite anode. The rheological properties of slurries show the interaction between graphite and PVDF with the viscosity varying over six orders of magnitude for different graphite particles. We correlated the suspension viscosity with the final film properties. The homogeneity of the PVDF distribution in the final composite film increases as the slurry viscosity increases. The interaction between graphite and PVDF is altered through the chemical properties of polymer such as molecular weight and functionality, leading to an improved morphology of PVDF.
Venous Thromboembolism Risk in Patients With Cancer Receiving Chemotherapy: A Real-World Analysis
Authors: Lyman Gary H. , Eckert Laurent , Wang Yanxin , Wang Hongwei , Cohen Alexander 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Introduction.
The occurrence of malignant disease increases the risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE). Here we evaluate the risk for VTE in a large unselected cohort of patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy.

Methods.
The United States IMPACT health care claims database was retrospectively analyzed to identify patients with a range of solid tumors who started chemotherapy from January 2005 through December 2008. International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, Clinical Modification Codes were used to identify cancer location, presence of VTE 3.5 months and 12 months after starting chemotherapy, and incidence of major bleeding complications. Health care costs were assessed one year before initiation of chemotherapy and one year after initiation of chemotherapy.

Results.
The overall incidence of VTE 3.5 months after starting chemotherapy was 7.3% (range 4.6%–11.6% across cancer locations) rising to 13.5% at 12 months (range 9.8%–21.3%). The highest VTE risk was identified in patients with pancreatic, stomach, and lung cancer. Patients in whom VTE developed had a higher risk for major bleeding at 3.5 months and at 12 months (11.0% and 19.8% vs. 3.8% and 9.6%, respectively). Health care costs were significantly higher in patients in whom VTE developed.

Conclusion.
Those undergoing chemotherapy as outpatients are at increased risk for VTE and for major bleeding complications. Thromboprophylaxis may be considered for such patients after carefully assessing the risks and benefits of treatment.
An Integrative Approach to Common Behavior and Learning Problems in Children: A Role for Gluten Sensitivity and MTHFR Polymorphism
Authors: Ravenel Samuel DuBose 
Published: November 2013

An integrative approach to chronic health problems was applied to 43 patients within a pediatric practice over a period of 24 months. Symptoms included chronic headache syndromes, abdominal symptoms, fatigue, and some with behavioral or learning problems. Among these patients were 12 children with a diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADD/ADHD) whose parents were seeking either to avoid the use of stimulant medication or seek an alternative to prescribed treatment. Evaluation included a careful nutritional/dietary history, questionnaire for symptoms of gluten sensitivity (GS), and in select cases, laboratory evaluation for thyroid function, GS, and genetic analysis for methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphism.Among the large group of children, of 15 screened for MTHFR polymorphism, 14 were positive. Of nine children with a history of ADD/ADHD, 8 were positive. Of 43 children with a history suggesting possible GS, 32 were found to have elevated antigliadin IgG antibodies. This included 10 of the 12 children with a diagnosis of ADD/ADHD. One child on stimulant treatment for ADHD was found to have laboratory evidence of hypothyroidism with tissue resistance to thyroid hormone, and thyroid function normalized and markedly elevated reverse T3 dropped substantially after discontinuation of stimulant treatment for 8 weeks.Clinical experience here supports the idea that among children with chronic health problems that include a behavioral or learning component, consideration of possible GS, genetic polymorphism for MTHFR, and thyroid function may be appropriate.
Developing a Sustainable Unconventional Business in China
Authors: David Frank , Stäuble Martin 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Between 2008 and 2035 the global gas demand could grow by 60%, and individual countries like China and India will see a 5 to 8 fold increase over this period. Conventional gas resources will not be sufficient to cover this demand; hence there is an intense focus on unconventionals such as Tight Gas, Shale Gas, Liquid Rich Shales or Coal Bed Methane globally and in China.
Based on the successful development of the Changbei gas field that was ramped up to plateau production in time to deliver gas to the Beijing Olympics in 2008, China Shell Exploration and Production Company (SCEPCo) is pursuing unconventional projects in China. Common challenges to these projects are producibility, increasing EUR/well, reducing cost, fraccability of the target horizons and non-technical risks.
The focus on Unconventionals and its requirement for hydraulic fraccing has resulted in controversy and debate across the globe. For Shell, transferring and adapting the learnings gained from 10 years of successful operations in the Americas to China is vital. As a company we do not only focus on technology and cost but of particular importance is minimising the impact we have on people, safety and environment. For this reason Shell has published a set of principles to underpin the Unconventional operations.
This paper describes the technical- and non-technical challenges that the unconventional projects face in China and how knowledge transfer has been achieved from North America. Another specific aspect that will be covered is how to create successful unconventional developments under a PSC (Production Sharing Contract) framework that was designed for conventional projects.
Evaluation and Selection of Stimulation Methods in Horizontal Gas Wells for Production Optimization Using Numerical Modeling of Well Performances
Authors: Rahim Zillur , Al-Anazi Hamoud , Al-Kanaan Adnan , Pacheco Eduardo 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Horizontal wells in low to moderate permeability reservoirs are routinely fractured to obtain higher sustained production. A key element to consider for the success of a fracturing treatment is the optimum placement of multiple fractures in the lateral section. These treatments are known as multi-stage fracturing (MSF) and can generally be placed using open-hole multi-stage fracturing assembly (OHMS) or a more conventional perforate, stimulate, and plug (PSP) option in a cemented liner. This paper illustrates examples of production behavior from numerical modeling of gas wells drilled, completed, and stimulated in high pressure and high temperature environments, in low to moderate permeability reservoirs. Numerous comparisons of production performances modeled using numerical simulator for OHMS and PSP applications with varying reservoir and completion parameters are provided. Examples are depicted to show horizontal well performances and how candidates and completion assemblies are selected to obtain the best production rates. Various subsets of OHMS such as singleport ball drop system per stage, high velocity jetting through coiled tubing to create slots to effectively connect wellbore with the reservoir, and multiple cluster perforation system for limited treatment have all been used in the Saudi Arabian gas reservoirs. PSP method is also being considered and used. The paper refers to the impact of drilling azimuth, well cleanup, and application of polymer-free fluids on well performance. The paper also shows that drilling wells in the minimum stress direction in low permeability gas reservoirs, completing them with multistage fracturing assemblies, and conducting high-volume treatments contribute to sustained long-term productivity.
Sharing the Earth: Sustainability and the Currency of Inter-Generational Environmental Justice
Authors: Habib Allen 
Published: November 2013

Philosophers often understand environmental sustainability as a duty of distributive justice between the generations of the earth. Since every generation is equally entitled to the bounty of the natural environment (the thinking goes) every generation should have a fair share of that bounty. But since generations precede each other in time, it is the duty of earlier generations to ensure that later generations receive their fair share. Acting sustainably is the way of meeting this duty, since sustainable practices are those that (ideally) preserve the environment for the future. But what is a ‘fair’ share of something as complex, varied and dynamic as ‘the environment'? How are we to value nature for the purposes of measuring ‘shares’ of it? I think the answer to these questions lies in the difference between sharing something by parts, like a pie, and sharing something by turns, like a bicycle. The generations share the earth by turns, not by parts, and so questions about fairness of shares are questions about turns, not parts. We need to ask what constitutes a ‘fair turn’ with the earth, and for that question we don't necessarily need to be able to commensurate the various parts of nature, just as we don't need to know the relative value of the parts of a bicycle to say what constitutes a fair turn with it.
Abjects retraités, jeunesse piégée : récits du déclin et d'une temporalité multiple parmi les générations de la « Copperbelt » congolaise
Authors: Makori Timothy , Bach Jean-Nicolas 
Published: November 2013

Cet article se penche sur les récits du déclin économique que portent deux générations de mineurs au Katanga, en République démocratique du Congo : les retraités du géant industriel minier Gécamines et les jeunes creuseurs artisanaux. Sont analysées les « structures de sentiment » (Raymond Williams) qui caractérisent chacune de ces générations, toutes deux confrontées aux effets matériels et sociaux du déclin industriel et de la libéralisation du secteur minier qui s’en est suivie. Par ces sentiments partagés du déclin contemporain, on voit comment chaque génération vit son positionnement social et son enchevêtrement « dans le temps naissant » (Achille Mbembe). Basé sur les récits des mineurs interrogés quant à leur marginalisation dans ce contexte de libéralisation du secteur, ce travail vient brouiller les périodisations académiques qui privilégient les ruptures au détriment des continuités, entre ères précoloniale, coloniale et postcoloniale.
La privatisation de la politique minière au Cameroun : enclaves minières, rapports de pouvoir trans-locaux et captation de la rente
Authors: Lickert Victoria 
Published: November 2013

Depuis le début des années 2000, le Cameroun a engagé une réforme de sa politique économique minière afin de faire du secteur minier le pilier de l’économie camerounaise dans les prochaines décennies. Cette privatisation, au travers notamment de son nouveau code minier promulgué en 2001, prend la forme d’une délégation contrôlée : le pays a choisi de déléguer la mise en valeur de ses ressources minières à des compagnies privées étrangères tout en se gardant le soin de réguler et de centraliser ce gouvernement des mines. Cet article s’attache à démontrer que la privatisation de la politique minière participe de la construction de l’État camerounais au travers notamment de la centralisation des prérogatives auprès de l’Exécutif, de l’usage d’intermédiaires proches du pouvoir ainsi que de l’opacité à la fois de son code minier et des rapports entre le gouvernement camerounais et les compagnies minières étrangères.
Les occupations de fermes au Zimbabwe : entre légalité, confrontation et engagement, les expériences des fermiers blancs
Authors: Kalaora Léa 
Published: November 2013

Lancé en 2000, au Zimbabwe, le Fast-Track Land Reform Programme a conduit à des occupations de fermes convoitées par les autorités du pays. Cet article analyse les pratiques à l’œuvre lors de ces occupations et leur réception par les fermiers blancs. Il montre que le but de ces occupations n’est pas seulement l’accès aux ressources et le renforcement du pouvoir en place, mais aussi la confrontation, l’humiliation et la destruction matérielle. Ce qui est interprété comme une nouvelle phase de la Chimurenga (la rébellion, la lutte pour l’Indépendance) de la part des acteurs de ces occupations ouvre un temps très particulier, celui des Jambanja , de la « discussion violente ». En travaillant les processus de subjectivation à l’œuvre parmi les fermiers blancs et leurs familles, ce texte rend compte des formes intimes de cette confrontation, qu’on qualifiera de « guérilla domestique ».
Rapid loss of the plasma sheet energetic electrons associated with the growth of whistler mode waves inside the bursty bulk flows
Authors: Li L. Y. , Yu J. , Cao J. B. , Zhang D. , Wei X. H. , Rong Z. J. , Yang J. Y. , Fu H. S. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDuring the interval ~07:45:36–07:54:24 UT on 24 August 2005, Cluster satellites (C1 and C3) observed an obvious loss of energetic electrons (~3.2–95 keV) associated with the growth of whistler mode waves inside some bursty bulk flows (BBFs) in the midtail plasma sheet (XGSM ~ −17.25 RE). However, the fluxes of the higher‐energy electrons (≥128 keV) and energetic ions (10–160 keV) were relatively stable in the BBF‐impacted regions. The energy‐dependent electron loss inside the BBFs is mainly due to the energy‐selective pitch angle scatterings by whistler mode waves within the time scales from several seconds to several minutes, and the electron scatterings in different pitch angle distributions are different in the wave growth regions. The plasma sheet energetic electrons have mainly a quasi‐perpendicular pitch angle distribution (30°<α<150°) during the expansion‐to‐recovery development of a substorm (AE index decreases from 1677 nT to 1271 nT), and their loss can occur at almost all pitch angles in the wave growth regions inside the BBFs. Unlike the energetic electrons, the low‐energy electrons (~0.073–2.1 keV) have initially a field‐aligned pitch angle distribution (0°≤α≤30° and 150°≤α≤180°) in the absence of whistler mode waves, and their loss in field‐aligned directions is accompanied by their increase in quasi‐perpendicular directions in the wave growth regions, but the loss of the low‐energy electrons inside the BBFs is not obvious in the presence of their large background fluxes. These observations indicate that the resonant electrons in an anisotropic pitch angle distribution mainly undergo the rapid pitch angle scattering loss during the wave‐particle resonances.
Automatic reconstruction of fault networks from seismicity catalogs including location uncertainty
Authors: Wang Y. , Ouillon G. , Woessner J. , Sornette D. , Husen S. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe introduce the anisotropic clustering of location uncertainty distributions (ACLUD) method to reconstruct active fault networks on the basis of both earthquake locations and their estimated individual uncertainties. After a massive search through the large solution space of possible reconstructed fault networks, we apply six different validation procedures in order to select the corresponding best fault network. Two of the validation steps (cross validation and Bayesian information criterion (BIC) process the fit residuals, while the four others look for solutions that provide the best agreement with independently observed focal mechanisms. Tests on synthetic catalogs allow us to qualify the performance of the fitting method and of the various validation procedures. The ACLUD method is able to provide solutions that are close to the expected ones, especially for the BIC and focal mechanism‐based techniques. The clustering method complemented by the validation step based on focal mechanisms provides good solutions even in the presence of a significant spatial background seismicity rate. Our new fault reconstruction method is then applied to the Landers area in Southern California and compared with previous clustering methods. The results stress the importance of taking into account undersampled subfault structures as well as of the spatially inhomogeneous location uncertainties.
Positive lightning flashes recorded on the Säntis tower from May 2010 to January 2012
Authors: Romero Carlos , Rachidi Farhad , Rubinstein Marcos , Paolone Mario , Rakov Vladimir A. , Pavanello Davide 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe analyze currents of 30 positive flashes recorded on the Säntis tower, Switzerland, from May 2010 to January 2012. The currents were classified into two types. Type 1 events exhibit a large, unipolar main pulse with a risetime of tens of microseconds, followed by subsidiary peaks separated by millisecond‐scale intervals. The main pulse in three flashes was preceded by a slowly rising ramp lasting several milliseconds and was followed by a relatively steady current with superimposed positive and negative pulses, constituting the first direct evidence of M components of both polarities. In four of the five type 1 flashes, the main current was preceded by pulse bursts, presumably due to attempted negative leaders. Type 2 events are characterized by a millisecond‐scale waveform with large, oscillatory pulse trains on its rising portion. These pulse trains are inferred to be due to upward negative stepped leaders. Peak currents of type 2 flashes are associated with the fast pulses. Our positive flashes of both types have a median peak current of 11.1 kA and a median duration of 80 ms, consistent with data recorded in Austria. Our measured median transferred charges are about 6 times larger than those at Switzerland's Monte San Salvatore and in Japan and about 3 times larger than in Austria. Eight type 2 flashes in our data set transported over 500 C of positive charge to ground. Our five type 1 events appear to be similar (except for the pulse duration) to their counterparts examined by Berger et al. (1975). Our type 2 events are “classical” upward flashes.