bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using the canary genome to decipher the evolution of hormone-sensitive gene regulation in seasonal singing birds
Authors: Frankl-Vilches Carolina , Kuhl Heiner , Werber Martin , Klages Sven , Kerick Martin , Bakker Antje , de Oliveira Edivaldo HC , Reusch Christina , Capuano Floriana , Vowinckel Jakob , Leitner Stefan , Ralser Markus , Timmermann Bernd , Gahr Manfred 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Background
While the song of all songbirds is controlled by the same neural circuit, the hormone dependence of singing behavior varies greatly between species. For this reason, songbirds are ideal organisms to study ultimate and proximate mechanisms of hormone-dependent behavior and neuronal plasticity.

Results
We present the high quality assembly and annotation of a female 1.2-Gbp canary genome. Whole genome alignments between the canary and 13 genomes throughout the bird taxa show a much-conserved synteny, whereas at the single-base resolution there are considerable species differences. These differences impact small sequence motifs like transcription factor binding sites such as estrogen response elements and androgen response elements. To relate these species-specific response elements to the hormone-sensitivity of the canary singing behavior, we identify seasonal testosterone-sensitive transcriptomes of major song-related brain regions, HVC and RA, and find the seasonal gene networks related to neuronal differentiation only in the HVC. Testosterone-sensitive up-regulated gene networks of HVC of singing males concerned neuronal differentiation. Among the testosterone-regulated genes of canary HVC, 20% lack estrogen response elements and 4 to 8% lack androgen response elements in orthologous promoters in the zebra finch.

Conclusions
The canary genome sequence and complementary expression analysis reveal intra-regional evolutionary changes in a multi-regional neural circuit controlling seasonal singing behavior and identify gene evolution related to the hormone-sensitivity of this seasonal singing behavior. Such genes that are testosterone- and estrogen-sensitive specifically in the canary and that are involved in rewiring of neurons might be crucial for seasonal re-differentiation of HVC underlying seasonal song patterning.
Age-related differences of tooth enamel morphochemistry in health and dental caries
Authors: Kunin Anatoly A , Evdokimova Anna Yu , Moiseeva Natalia S 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Currently, dental caries is the main reason of patient visits to dentists. A great deal of scientific work is dedicated to the study of enamel caries. The reason for this is the necessity for more detailed study of the pathogenesis of dental caries and other pathological processes occurring in tooth enamel. The application of modern high-technological methods of research has made it possible to study enamel structure in detail. Hard dental tissues are composed of organic and inorganic components and water. The organic substance consists of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. At different ages, caries intensity may vary. The carious process often develops during the first months after the tooth eruption but much less in adulthood and old age. These processes are mainly associated with the mechanisms of ionic exchange between the oral cavity and hard dental tissues. Different groups of teeth are differently affected by the carious process. Previous studies have revealed that age is an important factor influencing on the structure and chemical composition of hard dental tissues. Various recent works at the Department of Therapeutic Dentistry of Voronezh N.N. Burdenko State Medical Academy (VSMA) have studied not only the structural-morphological features of the enamel in children and adults but also the level of metabolic processes inside it. As a result of aging, teeth change both the enamel structure and the level of its ionic processes, but unfortunately, these changes have not been well characterized in teeth with conventional age-specific differences.
An optimizing pipeline stall reduction algorithm for power and performance on multi-core CPUs
Authors: Saravanan Vijayalakshmi , Pralhaddas Kothari Dwarkadas , Kothari Dwarkadas Pralhaddas , Woungang Isaac 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe power-performance trade-off is one of the major considerations in micro-architecture design. Pipelined architecture has brought a radical change in the design to capitalize on the parallel operation of various functional blocks involved in the instruction execution process, which is widely used in all modern processors. Pipeline introduces the instruction level parallelism (ILP) because of the potential overlap of instructions, and it does have drawbacks in the form of hazards, which is a result of data dependencies and resource conflicts. To overcome these hazards, stalls were introduced, which are basically delayed execution of instructions to diffuse the problematic situation. Out-of-order (OOO) execution is a ramification of the stall approach since it executes the instruction in an order governed by the availability of the input data rather than by their original order in the program. This paper presents a new algorithm called Left-Right (LR) for reducing stalls in pipelined processors. This algorithm is built by combining the traditional in-order and the out-of-order (OOO) instruction execution, resulting in the best of both approaches. As instruction input, we take the Tomasulo’s algorithm for scheduling out-of-order and the in-order instruction execution and we compare the proposed algorithm’s efficiency against both in terms of power-performance gain. Experimental simulations are conducted using Sim-Panalyzer, an instruction level simulator, showing that our proposed algorithm optimizes the power-performance with an effective increase of 30% in terms of energy consumption benefits compared to the Tomasulo’s algorithm and 3% compared to the in-order algorithm.
Alternative food chains as a way to embed mountain agriculture in the urban market: the case of Trentino
Authors: Blasi Emanuele , Cicatiello Clara , Pancino Barbara , Franco Silvio 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Peri-urban agriculture is exposed to multiple pressures, which push to diversification and multifunctionality. However, the urban-rural link develops in different ways according to the features of the territories. A very interesting case is that of mountain areas, where the proportion among urban and rural domain is very skewed towards the latter and, at the same time, farms face major environmental problems that in most cases jeopardize their competitiveness in the mainstream market. Alternative food chains may play a key role in these contexts, especially for their ability to put farms in touch with the demand of consumers living in the urban areas located in the valley. In this paper we study the case of Trentino, an Italian Alpine region where alternative food chains are quickly developing, by comparing the development of alternative markets in this context with other Italian peri-urban areas. The mountain environment makes it very difficult for farms to standardize their products according to the requirement of the large retailers. Through alternative food chains, the typicality of products and the savoir faire of the farmers – representing the two main factors of products’ added value – are endorsed and more easily communicated to the market. Data from a survey conducted on short food chain consumers show that they are inherently more careful to these particular cues of the products, as a result of a lifestyle that makes them more attached to identity and origins, as well as being more proud of their territory. These evidences confirm that in the Trentino area, for its structural and cultural traits, alternative food markets are meaningful for the survival and development of the local agricultural sector.
The unhappily unemployed return to work faster
Authors: Mavridis Dimitris 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
This paper shows that job loss is associated with a fall in subjective well-being (SWB). It then looks at how this change in SWB predicts job search and unemployment duration. The findings suggest that those who report feeling hurt by unemployment have shorter unemployment durations. Men who report a loss of SWB are also more likely to look for a job, but women’s job search is not affected by the SWB loss. These findings confirm the theoretical prediction from job search theory: search effort and unemployment duration are affected by the utility differential between having a job and being unemployed.

JEL codes: J64; J28
Effect of peptide length on the conjugation to the gold nanoparticle surface: a molecular dynamic study
Authors: Ramezani Fatemeh , Habibi Mostafa , Rafii-Tabar Hashem , Amanlou Massoud 
Published: January 2015

Abstract

Background
Gold nanoparticles now command a great deal of attention for medical applications. Despite the importance of nano-bio interfaces, interaction between peptides and proteins with gold surfaces is not still fully understood, especially in a molecular level.

Methods
In the present study computational simulation of adsorption of 20 amino acids, in three forms of mono-amino acid, homo di-peptide and homo tri-peptide, on the gold nanoparticles was performed by Gromacs using OPLSAA force field. The flexibility, stability, and size effect of the peptides on the gold nanoparticles were studied as well as the molecular structure of them.

Results
According to our results, adsorbed homo tri-peptides on the gold surface had more flexibility, more gyration, and the farthest distance from the GNP in comparison with homo di-peptides and mono-amino acids.

Conclusion
Our findings provide new insights into the precise control of interactions between amino acids anchored on the GNPs.
Urinary Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Levels and Interstitial Changes in the Renal Cortex and Their Relationship with Loss of Renal Function in Renal Transplant Patients with Delayed Graft Function
Authors: Neto Miguel Moyses , Romão Elen A , Silva Gyl EB , Dantas Marcio , Nardim Maria EP , Tucci Sylvio , Francescato Heloísa DC , Coimbra Terezila M 
Published: January 2015

Background: Inflammatory cell infiltration and residual areas of fibrosis in kidneys after renal transplantation can lead to functional abnormalities with long-term implications. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine urinary monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (uMCP-1) levels, relative cortical interstitial area (RCIA), and cortical tubulointerstitial macrophage infiltration in renal transplant patients with delayed graft function (DGF) and their possible correlation with graft outcome. Design: Patients were followed after biopsies for one year, and their renal function and structure were evaluated, as well as parameters of inflammatory process. Setting: Clinical Hospital of the School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto. Patients: Twenty-two cadaveric kidney transplant recipients with DGF were followed for one year. Measurements: Renal function, RCIA, macrophages infiltration and uMCP-1 levels were evaluated. Methods: Renal function was evaluated by plasma creatinine levels. RCIA was determined by morphometry. Immunohistochemical staining of macrophages was performed using an anti-CD68 monoclonal antibody. uMCP-1 levels were determined using a human MCP-1/CCL2 immunoassay kit. Results: There was a significant increase in uMCP-1 levels in transplant patients compared with controls ( p < 0.001). RCIA was 7.1% (6.4 to 9.2; median and 25th to 75th percentiles) in controls and 37.1% (28.1 to 43.7) in patients with kidney transplants ( p < 0.001). The patients who presented with a higher RCIA in the first biopsy showed higher levels of plasma creatinine one year after transplantation (r = 0.44; p < 0.05). The number of tubulointerstitial macrophages per 0.10 mm2 grid field was higher in the renal cortex of transplant patients compared with the controls (19.4 (9.0 to 47.1) vs. 2.5 (1.8 to 3.4), p < 0.001). There was also a positive correlation between the RCIA and the number of tubulointerstitial macrophages in the renal cortex of these patients (r = 0.49; p < 0.001). Limitations: The number of patients studied was relatively small and may not be reflecting outcomes over a larger spectrum of kidney cadaveric transplants. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate increased levels of uMCP-1 in transplant patients with DGF, in addition to increased tubulointerstitial macrophage infiltration and RCIA, which could predict the outcome of renal function in these patients.
Natural acetabular orientation in arthritic hips
Authors: Goudie S. T. , Deakin A. H. , Deep K. 
Published: January 2015

ObjectivesAcetabular component orientation in total hip arthroplasty (THA) influences results. Intra-operatively, the natural arthritic acetabulum is often used as a reference to position the acetabular component. Detailed information regarding its orientation is therefore essential. The aim of this study was to identify the acetabular inclination and anteversion in arthritic hips.MethodsAcetabular inclination and anteversion in 65 symptomatic arthritic hips requiring THA were measured using a computer navigation system. All patients were Caucasian with primary osteoarthritis (29 men, 36 women). The mean age was 68 years (SD 8). Mean inclination was 50.5° (SD 7.8) in men and 52.1° (SD 6.7) in women. Mean anteversion was 8.3° (SD 8.7) in men and 14.4° (SD 11.6) in women.ResultsThe difference between men and women in terms of anteversion was significant (p = 0.022). In 75% of hips, the natural orientation was outside the safe zone described by Lewinnek et al (anteversion 15° ± 10°; inclination 40° ± 10°).ConclusionWhen using the natural acetabular orientation to guide component placement, it is important to be aware of the differences between men and women, and that in up to 75% of hips natural orientation may be out of what many consider to be a safe zone. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2015;4:6–10.
Constitutional Design and 2014 Senate Election Outcomes
Authors: Highton Benjamin , McGhee Eric , Sides John 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA common observation about the 2014 Senate elections is that one advantage the Republicans had was that the set of states holding elections tilted Republican in partisanship. In this article, we quantify that advantage and demonstrate that the constitutional requirements of equality for state representation in the Senate plus the division of seats into three classes were critical elements in the Republicans’ pickup of nine seats and retaking partisan control. Markedly less important was the national Republican partisan tide.
Preference Dynamics in the 2014 Congressional Midterm Elections
Authors: Panagopoulos Costas 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe vote intentions of Americans experienced meaningful change over the course of the 2014 campaign, largely to the detriment of Democrats and in favor of the GOP. Vote intention trajectories generally followed sensible and predictable patterns, reflecting forces and developments that unfolded over the course of the campaign cycle. Specifically, changes in voter sentiments were fueled primarily by assessments about the president and, relatedly, about the condition of the national economy. Higher levels of Obama approval helped Democratic contenders over the course of the 2014 midterm cycle, while Republicans appeared to benefit from improvements in the economy. Political events and assessments of congressional performance were unrelated to vote intentions in 2014.
A universal mechanism for transport and regulation of CPA sodium proton exchangers
Authors: Călinescu Octavian , Fendler Klaus 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Recent studies performed on a series of Na+/H+ exchangers have led us to postulate a general mechanism for Na+/H+ exchange in the monovalent cation/proton antiporter superfamily. This simple mechanism employs a single binding site for which both substrates compete. The developed kinetic model is self-regulatory, ensuring down-regulation of transport activity at extreme pH, and elegantly explains the pH-dependent activity of Na+/H+ exchangers. The mechanism was experimentally verified and shown to describe both electrogenic and electroneutral exchangers. Using a small number of parameters, exchanger activity can be modeled under different conditions, providing insights into the physiological role of Na+/H+ exchangers.
Interesting properties of p-, d-, and f-block elements when coordinated with dipicolinic acid and its derivatives as ligands: their use as inorganic pharmaceuticals
Authors: Celestine Michael J. , Bullock Jimmie L. , Boodram Shivani , Rambaran Varma H. , Holder Alvin A. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis is a review of the literature concerning the interesting properties of p-, d-, and f-block elements when coordinated with 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (dipicolinic acid, H2 dipic) and its derivatives as ligands, with a focus on their use as inorganic pharmaceuticals. Some of the complexes reported were used as insulin-like, bioimaging contrasting agents, antimicrobial agents, and anticancer agents.
Fishes from the Corumbá Reservoir, Paranaíba River drainage, upper Paraná River basin, state of Goiás, Brazil
Authors: Pavanelli Carla Simone , Graça Weferson Júnio da , Zawadzki Cláudio Henrique , Britski Heraldo Antonio , Vidotti Ana Paula , Avelino Gleisy Semencio , Veríssimo Samuel 
Published: January 2015

The Corumbá Reservoir is located in Corumbá River, a tributary to the right bank of Paranaíba River, upper Paraná River basin. Fish were collected monthly, from March 1996 to February 2000, in 17 sampling stations along Corumbá Reservoir and its influence area, using gill nets, casting nets, electrofishing and long lines. Considering the entire period, 119 fish species were colleted, which belong to seven Orders, 26 Families, and 78 Genera. Among them, five species are considered endemic to Corumbá River basin, and 17 are probably new to the science.
Multiple subluxations and comminuted fracture of the cervical spine in a sheep
Authors: Lin C.-C. , Chen K.-S. , Lin Y.-L. , Chan J. P.-W. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryA 5-month-old, 13.5 kg, female Corriedale sheep was referred to the Veterinary Medicine Teaching Hospital, with a history of traumatic injury of the cervical spine followed by non-ambulatoric tetraparesis that occurred 2 weeks before being admitted to the hospital. At admission, malalignment of the cervical spine with the cranial part of the neck deviating to the right was noted. Neurological examinations identified the absence of postural reactions in both forelimbs, mildly decreased spinal reflexes, and normal reaction to pain perception tests. Radiography revealed malalignment of the cervical vertebrae with subluxations at C1–C2 and C2–C3, and a comminuted fracture of the caudal aspect of C2. The sheep was euthanized due to a presumed poor prognosis. Necropsy and histopathological findings confirmed injuries of the cervical spine from C1 to C3, which were consistent with the clinical finding of tetraparesis in this case. This paper presents a rare case of multiple subluxations of the cervical spine caused by blunt force trauma in a young sheep. These results highlight the importance of an astute clinical diagnosis for such an acute cervical spine trauma and the need for prompt surgical correction for similar cases in the future.
Kinetische Auswertung des Schrittes von Jungrindern und Kühen auf einem instrumentierten Laufband
Authors: Waldern N. M. , Weishaupt M. A. , Wiestner T. , Nuss K. 
Published: January 2015

ZusammenfassungGegenstand und Ziel: Daten über die Schrittcharakteristika oder die Bodenreaktionskräfte von Milchkühen gewinnen zunehmend an Bedeutung. Deshalb wurden kinetische Variablen von gesunden Jungrindern und Kühen, die auf einem Laufband im Schritt gingen, dokumentiert und ausgewertet. Material und Methodik: Neun Jungrinder und 10 Kühe wurden an das Gehen auf dem Laufband gewöhnt. Mit dem mit Kraftaufnehmern versehenen Laufband konnten Bodenreaktionskräfte, Schrittlängen und zeitliche Variablen der Stütz- und Hangbeinphasen für alle Gliedmaßen gleichzeitig aufgezeichnet werden. Ergebnisse: Die Kühe gingen bei einer durchschnittlichen Geschwindigkeit von 1,2 ± 0,05 m/s (Mittelwert ± Standardabweichung) mit einer Doppelschrittkadenz von 43,0 ± 1,9/min und einer Doppelschrittlänge von 1,68 ± 0,1 m. Bei den Jungrindern ergaben sich für die entsprechenden Parameter 1,3 ± 0,04 m/s, 53,7 ± 2,2/min und 1,49 ± 0,05 m. Der zeitliche Anteil der Stützbeinphase relativ zur Dauer eines Doppelschritts war bei Kühen an den Schultergliedmaßen (67%) signifikant größer als an den Beckengliedmaßen (64%). Die Kraft-Zeit-Kurven aller Gliedmaßen waren zweigipflig mit einem Gipfel (FP1) kurz nach dem Auffußen und einem Gipfel (FP2) in der Abstoßphase. Die vertikale Bodenreaktionskraft war an den Beckengliedmaßen bei FP1 am höchsten, an den Schultergliedmaßen bei FP2. Das zwischen den beiden Gipfeln befindliche Minimum lag mit 45–49% der Stützbeinphase kurz vor deren Mitte. Der Anteil beider Schultergliedmaßen am Gesamtimpuls betrug 53,7% bei Kühen und 55,0% bei Jungrindern. Die Lage des Körperschwerpunkts variierte während der einzelnen Bewegungsphasen, war jedoch immer mehr zu den Schultergliedmaßen hin lokalisiert. Schlussfolgerungen: Gesunde Kühe und Jungrinder zeigten einen symmetrischen Gang mit minimalen intraindividuellen Abweichungen. Die Hinterbeine wurden vorwiegend beim Auffußen, die Vorderbeine beim Abstoßen vermehrt belastet. Die Vorderbeine hatten einen größeren Anteil am Gesamtimpuls. Die Untersuchung liefert kinetische Daten für die Ganganalyse von gesunden Kühen und Jungrindern, die bei der automatisierten Erkennung lahmer Rinder nützlich sein können.
Stereological analysis of terminal villi of the placentas of pregnant woman with sideropenic anemia
Authors: Lelic Melisa , Ramic Suada , Zigic Zlata , Bogdanovic Gordana , Markovic Sergije 
Published: January 2015

Iron deficiency, causing maternal sideropenic anemia, is one of the most frequent nutritive disorder that develops during the pregnancy. We collected 30 placentas from anemic mothers and 30 placentas from mothers belonging to the control group. Terminal villi (magnification 10x) and terminal villi capillaries (magnification 40x) were stereologically analyzed and numerically determined.
In the placentas from anemic mothers we noted the values a) terminal villi: volume density 0,43 mm0, surface density 24.13 mm-1, total volume 185.57 cm3 and total surface 10.27 m2; b) capillaries of terminal villi: volume density 0.53 mm0 and total volume 224.18 cm3. In the placentas from mothers belonging to the control group we observed the following values a) terminal villi: volume density 0.44 mm0, surface density 22.27 mm-1, total volume 200.17 cm3 and total surface 10.15 m2; b) capillaries of terminal villi: volume density 0.42 mm0 and total volume 197.00 cm3. Compared with the control group anemic mothers' placentas have a significant higher values of surface density of terminal villi (p<0.05), volume density (p <0.01) and absolute volume (p<0.0001) of terminal villi capillaries, and significant lower values of absolute volume of terminal villi (p<0.05).
In anemic mothers’ placentas, the total volume of terminal villi changes disproportionately to the total surface of terminal villi with statistically significant increase of terminal villi capillaries compared with control group.