bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atmospheric circulation types in Marmara Region (NW Turkey) and their influence on precipitation
Authors: Baltacı H. , Göktürk O. M. , Kındap T. , Ünal A. , Karaca M. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTIn this study, circulation types, their long‐term mean occurrence frequencies and relationships with precipitation are investigated for the region Marmara, which is the most populated, agriculturally developed and industrialized area in Turkey. Automated Lamb Weather Types classification method is applied on NCEP/NCAR daily mean sea level pressure data to determine the circulation types. Northeasterly (NE) and easterly (E) types are found to be the most frequent both on the annual basis and during winter (DJF, the wettest season in the region). Circulation types with the highest rainfall potential, namely the cyclonic (C) and the northerly (N), are among the least frequent; therefore they are not the dominant ‘rainfall modes’. Instead, NE and E have the greatest contribution to the regionally averaged rainfall amount, although they do not have the highest potential to create precipitation. This shows that Marmara Region receives a substantial amount of precipitation from northerly and easterly maritime trajectories, implying a profound influence of the Black Sea on the rainfall regime in this area. However, rainfall at the stations that are far away or less affected by the Black Sea (especially at the ones in the west) occurs during types with a southerly component (S, SW and SE). Our results reveal that, in Marmara Region, the response of precipitation to atmospheric circulation is rather complex and spatially inhomogeneous; in line with the complex topography of the area. Therefore, water management policies should be adopted accordingly, taking all local characteristics into account.
Phosphate — mehr als Dünger und Reiniger
Authors: Staffel Thomas 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPhosphate sind nicht nur essenziell für Pflanzen und Tiere, sondern sie verbessern auch technische Prozesse sowie die Produktqualität. Neben der Hauptanwendung als Düngemittel dienen sie beispielsweise als Säurequelle für Backpulver und als Dispergiermittel bei der Farbherstellung.
Silber für Ethylenoxid — Gold für Propylenoxid?
Authors: Offermanns Heribert 
Published: September 2014

AbstractNeue Verfahren zur Herstellung von Propylenoxid zeigen die Fortschritte der technischen Chemie und der Verfahrenstechnik im Hinblick auf Selektivität, Umweltverträglichkeit und Wirtschaftlichkeit.
Aus einem Forschungsinstitut ins eigene Unternehmen
Authors: Fahrenberg Jens , Gottwald Eric , Haug Peter 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIm Jahr 2013 beschließen zwei Forscher am Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, ein Unternehmen zu gründen. Dabei unterstützen sie die Helmholtz‐Gemeinschaft mit einem Förderprogramm und das Institut mit der entsprechenden Infrastruktur.
Die Stimme der Doktoranden
Authors: Leusmann Eliza 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn ganz Deutschland engagieren sich Doktoranden, um die Promotionsbedingungen zu verbessern, ihre Interessen zu bündeln und vor Gremien zu vertreten. In Jena gibt es jetzt den ersten Doktorandenrat für Promovierende aller Fakultäten.
Wenn selbst Öl abperlt
Authors: Vollmer Doris , Papadopoulos Periklis , Butt Hans‐Jürgen 
Published: September 2014

AbstractSelbstreinigende Oberflächen und Membranen, die nicht mehr verstopfen, sind für viele Anwendungen interessant. Für wässrige Substanzen gibt es schon gut funktionierende Beschichtungen, nicht aber für organische Flüssigkeiten. Ganz selten sind solche Beschichtungen gleichzeitig abweisend für Öle, Wasser, Seifen‐ und Proteinlösungen. Nicht nur Öle, sondern auch Blut oder Rotwein würden von diesen Oberflächen abperlen, ohne Flecken zu hinterlassen. Dank neuer Einsichten in die Physik der mikroskopischen Benetzung gelang es, erste superamphiphobe Beschichtungen zu entwickeln. Sie ermöglichen zudem neuartige Membranen, die besonders effizient und robust in Herz‐Lungen‐Maschinen Blut oxygenieren oder in Kraftwerken CO2 abtrennen können.
Das Higgs‐Boson als Tor zur Dunklen Materie?
Authors: Blumenschein Ulla 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWenn Higgs‐Bosonen als Vermittler zwischen normaler und Dunkler Materie fungieren, könnte Dunkle Materie in unsichtbaren Zerfällen des Higgs‐Bosons nachgewiesen werden. Am LHC wurde nach diesen Zerfällen gesucht – bislang ohne Erfolg.
Behavioral effects of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor allosteric modulator ORG27569 in rats
Authors: Ding Yuanyuan , Qiu Yanyan , Jing Li , Thorn David A. , Zhang Yanan , Li Jun‐Xu 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe cannabinoid CB1 receptor system is involved in feeding behaviors and the CB1 receptor antagonist SR141716A is an effective antiobesity drug. However, SR141716A also has serious side effects, which prompted the exploration of alternative strategies to modulate this important drug target. Recently a CB1 receptor allosteric modulating site has been discovered and the allosteric modulating activity of several modulators including ORG27569 has been characterized in vitro. Yet, little is known of the in vivo pharmacological effects of ORG27569. This study examined the behavioral pharmacology of ORG27569 in rats. ORG27569 (3.2–10 mg/kg, i.p.) selectively attenuated the hypothermic effects of CB1 receptor agonists CP55940 (0.1–1 mg/kg) and anandamide (3.2–32 mg/kg). In contrast, SR141716A only attenuated the hypothermic effects of CP55940 but not anandamide. SR141716A but not ORG27569 blocked CP55940‐induced catalepsy and antinociception. In addition, ORG27569 did not modify SR141716A‐elicited grooming and scratching behaviors. In feeding studies, ORG27569 decreased palatable and plain food intake which was partially blocked by CP55940. The hypophagic effect of ORG27569 developed tolerance after 4 days of daily 5.6 mg/kg treatment; however, the effect on body weight gain outlasted the drug treatment for 10 days. These data suggest that ORG27569 may not function as a CB1 receptor allosteric modulator in vivo, although its hypophagic activity still has potential therapeutic utility.
Characterization of in vitro metabolites of TM‐2, a potential antitumor drug, in rat, dog and human liver microsomes using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Men Lei , Zhao Yunli , Lin Hongli , Yang Mingjing , Liu Hui , Tang Xing , Yu Zhiguo 
Published: September 2014

RATIONALETM‐2 (13‐(N‐Boc‐3‐i‐butylisoserinoyl‐4,10‐β‐diacetoxy‐2‐α‐benzoyloxy‐5‐β,20‐epoxy‐1,13‐α‐dihydroxy‐9‐oxo‐19‐norcyclopropa[g]tax‐11‐ene) is a novel semi‐synthetic taxane derivative. Our previous study demonstrated that it is a promising taxane derivative. The in vitro comparative metabolic profile of a drug between animals and humans is a key issue that should be investigated at early stages of drug development to better select drug candidates. In this study, the in vitro metabolic pathways of TM‐2 in rat, dog and human liver microsomes were established and compared.METHODSTM‐2 was incubated with liver microsomes in the presence of NADPH. Two different types of mass spectrometers – a hybrid linear trap quadrupole orbitrap (LC/LTQ‐Orbitrap) mass spectrometer and a triple‐quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer (LC/QqQ) were employed to acquire structural information of TM‐2 metabolites. Accurate mass measurement using LC/LTQ‐Orbitrap was used to determine the accurate mass data and elemental compositions of metabolites thereby confirming the proposed structures of the metabolites. For the chemical inhibition study, selective P450 inhibitors were added to incubations to initially characterize the cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes involved in the metabolism of TM‐2.RESULTSA total of 12 components (M1–M12) were detected and identified as the metabolites of TM‐2 in vitro. M1–M5 were formed by hydroxylation of the taxane ring or the lateral chain. Hydroxylated products can be further oxidized to the dihydroxylated metabolites M6–M10. M11 was a trihydroxylated metabolite. M12 was tentatively identified as a carboxylic acid derivative. The metabolism of TM‐2 is much the same in all three species with some differences. The chemical inhibition study initially demonstrated that the formation of M2, the major metabolite of TM‐2, is mainly mediated by CYP3A4.CONCLUSIONSHydroxylation is the major biotransformation of the TM‐2 pathway in vitro. CYP3A4 may play a dominant role in the formation of M2 in liver microsomes. The knowledge of the metabolic pathways of TM‐2 is important to support further research of TM‐2. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lernen mit dem Stahlbau‐Wiki der TU Darmstadt
Authors: Merle Heiko , Lange Jörg 
Published: September 2014

AbstractDie Theorie II. Ordnung und die Stabilitätstheorie zählen aufgrund ihrer theoretischen Herkunft und ihrer komplexen Zusammenhänge zu den anspruchsvollsten Themen in der Lehre des Stahlbaus. Aus diesem Grund fällt es Bauingenieurstudierenden seit jeher schwer, die Inhalte zu erlernen, zu verstehen und anwenden zu können. Ausgehend von dem in Lernprozessen oftmals verwendeten Normalkonzept, bestehend aus Vorlesungen, Übungsphasen und Prüfungsereignis, wird ein Lehr‐Lern‐Konzept entwickelt, welches mit Hilfe von Computerunterstützungen die Lernenden aktiviert, eigenständiges Lernen unter den Aspekten von Reflexions‐ und Interaktionsformen zu entwickeln. Dieses auf Basis der Lerntheorie des Konstruktivismus entwickelte Konzept wurde in den vergangenen sechs Jahren an der Technischen Universität Darmstadt durchgeführt sowie intensiv untersucht und evaluiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen einen signifikanten Wissenszuwachs bei den Studierenden zu den Inhalten der Theorie II. Ordnung und der Stabilitätstheorie sowie deren Zusammenhänge.Learning with the Stahlbau‐Wiki of the TU Darmstadt – A constructionistic teaching and learning system aided by computers. Due to their theoretical basics and complex relationships the second order theory and the theory of stability belong to the most ambitious subjects of the education of steel construction. Therefore most civil engineering students have severe problems to learn, to understand and to apply these topics. Based on the “Normalkonzept“ that consists of lectures, exercises and examinations a newcomputer supported teaching‐learning‐concept is developed. This constructivistic concept activates self‐contained learning processes under the aspects of reflection and social interaktion. It was applied six times at the Technische Universität Darmstadt. Thereby it was analysed and evaluated intensively. The results showed significant increases of knowledge to the content of the second order theory and the theory of stability by students.
Neugestaltung und Überdachung des Bahnhofplatzes in Winterthur
Authors: Blank Lukas , Kern Urs 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIm Zentrum der Stadt Winterthur wurde im Sommer 2013 der neu gestaltete Bahnhofplatz eröffnet. Eine flügelförmige Dachkonstruktion, exzentrisch auf einem Auflager abgestützt, überspannt die Wartestellen der örtlichen Busbetriebe und bildet das zentrale Gestaltungselement des urbanen Zentrums direkt am Eingang zur Winterthurer Altstadt. Die von den Architekten Stutz Bolt Partner entworfene Konstruktion aus Metall stellt eine außergewöhnliche Konstruktion dar, welche von den Planern und Unternehmungen ebenso außergewöhnliche Lösungen forderte. Durch intensive Zusammenarbeit aller Beteiligten und das gemeinsame Ziehen an einem Strick konnte die Überdachung in sehr hoher Präzision und kurzer Bauzeit erstellt werden.Redesign and new roofing of the train station in Winterthur, Suisse. In the summer of 2013 the redesigned square in front of the train station in Winterthur was reopened. An arrow‐like canopy, eccentrically supported on one spatial column, spans over the bus terminals and forms the major architectural element in front of the entrance of the old town of Winterthur. The extraordinary metal construction, designed by Stutz Bolt Partner Architects, required extraordinary solutions from the designers and contractors. An intense collaboration of all parties involved and a clear collective sense of direction enabled this highly precise structure to be built in a short period of time.
Cross‐sectional capacity and flexural buckling resistance under fire conditions
Authors: Knobloch Markus , Pauli Jacqueline , Somaini Diego , Frangi Andrea 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis paper presents an experimental study on the cross‐sectional capacity and flexural buckling resistance under fire conditions. Steady state stub and slender column tests were carried out at ambient and elevated temperatures on square and rectangular hollow sections as well as H‐sections. In addition, transient state slender column tests were performed on H‐section test specimens. The compressive load was applied centrically or eccentrically to the test specimens. The paper presents the testing programme, the geometry of the test specimens including initial geometrical imperfection measurements, elevated temperature material properties, test setup, the execution and the results of the stub and slender column tests.Querschnitts‐ und Knickwiderstand im Brandfall – Experimentelle Untersuchungen. Der Beitrag analysiert mit Hilfe experimenteller Methoden den Querschnitts‐ und Knickwiderstand im Brandfall. Die stationären Versuche zum Widerstand gedrungener und schlanker Stützen unter Druck‐ sowie kombinierter Druck‐ und Biegebeanspruchung bei Normaltemperatur und erhöhten Temperaturen wurden an Hohlprofilen sowie H‐Querschnitten durchgeführt. Zusätzlich wurden schlanke Stützen unter transienten Versuchsbedingungen analysiert. Der Beitrag stellt das Versuchsprogramm, die Geometrie der Versuchskörper einschließlich geometrischer Imperfektionen, die Materialeigenschaften bei erhöhten Temperaturen, die Versuchseinrichtung sowie ‐durchführung und die Ergebnisse der Versuche zum Querschnitts‐ und Knickwiderstand dar.
A study on a theoretical relationship between strain hardening of steel and plastic region length in a steel beam subjected to fire
Authors: Ozaki Fuminobu 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis paper presents a relationship between strain hardening of steel and plastic region length in a steel beam subjected to fire. A theoretical simple fire response analysis is proposed to investigate elasto‐plastic behavior of the statically indeterminate heated beam. From observation of parametric calculations, it is clarified that large plastic region length in the beam, which is induced by the large strain hardening, is effective to avoiding strain concentration. This contributes to the robust attenuation of the thermal stress at the fire.Theoretische Beziehung zwischen Verfestigung von Stahl und Länge der plastischen Zone von brandbeanspruchten Stahlträgern. Die Veröffentlichung stellt die Beziehung zwischen der Verfestigung von Stahl und der Länge der plastischen Zone von Stahlträgern im Brandfall dar. Mit Hilfe eines analytischen Modells wird das elastisch‐plastische Verhalten statisch unbestimmter Träger bei Erwärmung untersucht. Eine Parameterstudie zeigt, dass Dehnungskonzentrationen und hohe thermische Spannungen durch ausgedehnte plastische Zonen vermieden werden.
Adhesive bonded joints in steel structures
Authors: Ciupack Yvonne , Pasternak Hartmut , Schiel Manuel , Ince Erdeniz 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWhile classic joining techniques in steel construction have undergone advancements, fundamental problems still remain. The utilisation of structural bonding can remedy the situation, but despite having many advantages, has not been able to establish itself in civil engineering and specifically steel construction. The reason for this are doubts by engineers, architects and contractors regarding the verifiability, durability and load bearing capacity of bonded steel constructions. In order to facilitate the use of the innovative joining technique in construction, it is necessary to process bonded joints close to standardisation.
The new steel‐glass architecture of railway stations in Japan
Authors: Kido Ewa Maria , Cywiński Zbigniew 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe accelerating needs of communication have led to many modern railway stations made of steel and glass being built or upgraded all over the world during the last two decades. That trend, influenced by local architectural traditions, is clearly evident in Japan, too. This paper, focusing on that trend, is a continuation of the authors’ previous publication [1].
Analytic partitioning of honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) flight activity at nest entrance: adaptation and behavioural inertia in a changing environment
Authors: Rodet Guy , Henry Mickaël 
Published: September 2014

AbstractEcology of bees (Hymenoptera, Apiformes) is entirely constrained by the centralized exchange between the nest and its environment. Herein, we investigate the ecological meaning of the flight activity of honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) at the entrance of the nest, and assessed whether this simple metric can be used as a proxy to infer on the colony state (population size and foraging activity). Theory predicts that flight activity of a colony should increase (1) with population size (density‐dependence hypothesis), (2) with floral resource availability (optimal foraging hypothesis), and (3) with the flight activity during previous hours or days, due to a temporal autocorrelation (behavioural inertia hypothesis). We built and compared series of explanatory models for the flight activity measured at the entrance of hives, and its two visible components, namely bees with and without pollen loads. Data were collected on 26 honeybee colonies, both before and after a translocation into a new environment with controlled floral resource availability in order to distinguish among the respective contributions of explanatory factors. Current flight activity was consistently and positively influenced by previous flight activity as well as by the current resource availability. To our knowledge, this represents the first characterization of behavioural inertia in the context of a collective behaviour. Population size only influenced flight activity of bees without pollen loads. We discuss the limits of using simple counts of flying bees at the hive entrance to infer the colony state.
Brief report: Self‐reported psychopathic‐like features among Finnish community youth: Investigation of the factor structure of the antisocial personality screening device
Authors: Laajasalo Taina , Saukkonen Suvi , Kivivuori Janne , Salmi Venla , Lipsanen Jari , Aronen Eeva T. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTThe Antisocial Process Screening Device‐ Self‐Report (APSD‐SR) is a self‐report measure for assessment of psychopathic traits in adolescents. The present study aimed to investigate the factor structure and internal consistency of the APSD‐SR in a sample of 4855 Finnish community adolescents. A three‐factor structure with factors representing impulsivity (IMP), narcissism (NAR) and callous‐unemotional (CU) features was found. Internal consistency indices ranged from moderate to good. The findings provide promising data on applicability of the APSD‐SR instrument to Scandinavian youth. Results have implications for researchers and clinicians interested in measuring adolescent psychopathy.
Shock wave–boundary layer interactions in rectangular inlets: three-dimensional separation topology and critical points
Authors: Eagle W. Ethan , Driscoll James F. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe interaction between two separated flow regions was studied for the fundamental problem of a shock wave–boundary layer interaction (SBLI) within a rectangular inlet. One motivation is that the inlet of an engine on a supersonic aircraft may contain separation zones on the sidewalls and the bottom wall; if one region separates first it can alter the flow on the other wall and lead to engine unstart. In our work an oblique shock wave was generated by a wedge suspended from the upper wall of a Mach 2.75 wind tunnel. Stereo particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements were recorded in 25 planes that include all three possible orthogonal orientations. The lateral velocity and vorticity measurements help to explain the underlying flow structure and these quantities were not measured previously for this problem. It is concluded that the sidewall and bottom wall separation zones interact due to an underlying flow structure that is similar to the two types of 3-D separation patterns previously described by Tobak & Peake (Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., vol. 14, 1982, pp. 61–85). Separation first occurs at an upstream location where the shock interacts with the sidewall. Lateral velocities direct flow toward the centreline to cause separation on the bottom wall. This causes significant curvature of the shock wave, so that even the region near the tunnel centreline cannot be explained by conventional 2-D concepts. A number of critical points (saddle points, nodes, focus points) were identified. Results are consistent with the general ideas of Burton & Babinsky (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 707, 2012, pp. 287–306) and help to provide details of how the sidewalls redistribute the adverse pressure gradient in space.
Longitudinal–transverse aerodynamic force in viscous compressible complex flow
Authors: Liu L. Q. , Shi Y. P. , Zhu J. Y. , Su W. D. , Zou S. F. , Wu J. Z. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe report our systematic development of a general and exact theory for diagnosis of total force and moment exerted on a generic body moving and deforming in a calorically perfect gas. The total force and moment consist of a longitudinal part (L-force) due to compressibility and irreversible thermodynamics, and a transverse part (T-force) due to shearing. The latter exists in incompressible flow but is now modulated by the former. The theory represents a full extension of a unified incompressible diagnosis theory of the same type developed by J. Z. Wu and coworkers to compressible flow, with Mach number ranging from low-subsonic to moderate-supersonic flows. Combined with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation, the theory permits quantitative identification of various complex flow structures and processes responsible for the forces, and thereby enables rational optimal configuration design and flow control. The theory is confirmed by a numerical simulation of circular-cylinder flow in the range of free-stream Mach number$\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}M_{\infty }$between 0.2 and 2.0. The L-drag and T-drag of the cylinder vary with$M_{\infty }$in different ways, the underlying physical mechanisms of which are analysed. Moreover, each L-force and T-force integrand contains a universal factor of local Mach number$M$. Our preliminary tests suggest that the possibility of finding new similarity rules for each force constituent could be quite promising.