bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community perceptions and experiences of alcohol-related crime and safety in entertainment precincts
Authors: Wiggers J , Tindall J , Groombridge D , Gillham K , Miller P , Palmer D 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundLicensed premises in entertainment precincts are associated with alcohol-related harm, especially violence and anti-social behaviour.Aims/Objectives/PurposeTo determine experiences of alcohol-related crime and perceptions of safety in local entertainment precincts; and whether these varied based on city of residence, proximity of residence to the precinct, visiting the precincts at night, and risky drinking.MethodsA randomised cross-sectional household survey was undertaken in two regional cities (NSW and Victoria, Australia) using telephone surveys in 2010. The data were analysed by frequencies, and differences were analysed with χ2and Fishers Exact tests.Results/Outcome694 residents participated in the survey (53%). In relation to their local entertainment precinct, 90% thought alcohol was a major issue, 77% thought that alcohol consumed at licensed premises contributed largely to local crime and 84% perceived violence as being the most significant issue relating to intoxicated people. Sixty-eight per cent of respondents wouldn't walk alone after dark, and 76% wouldn't wait for public transport alone after dark. Respondents that had not visited the precinct after dark in the last year were significantly more likely to not walk or wait for transport alone (80% and 86% respectively). Respondents who consumed alcohol at risky levels were less likely to perceive alcohol as being a problem and were more likely to walk or wait for transport alone at night.Significance/Contribution to the FieldThe results from this survey provide valuable information on the experiences and perception of crime and safety in regional entertainment precincts.
Drug poisoning deaths by urbanisation and geographic region, US 1999–2009
Authors: Margaret Warner , Li-Hui Chen 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundBeginning in 2009, drug poisoning deaths outnumber traffic fatalities in the US.Aims/Objectives/PurposeThe goal of this study is to examine drug poisoning death rates by degree of urbanisation and geographic region.MethodsThe US National Vital Statistics Multiple Cause Mortality files from 1999–2009 were analysed. Drug poisoning deaths were defined by ICD-10 UCOD: X40-X44, X60-X64, X85, Y10-Y14. Metropolitan counties were assigned to 4 levels: large core and large fringe (population >1 million); medium (population 250 000–999 999); and small (population<250 000). Nonmetropolitan counties were assigned to micropolitan or noncore. Age-adjusted death rates (AADR) were calculated by urbanisation and many factors (not shown). Average annual percent change (APC) in rates and trends were tested using Joinpoint regression.Results/OutcomeIn the US from 1999–2009, the drug poisoning AADR nearly doubled, from 6.1 per 100 000 population to 12.0. Increases were seen at each urbanisation level. However, AADR in rural areas increased more rapidly than the metro areas with an APC in rates of 12% while the urban core increased slower at 4.4%. Rates varied by region of the county, for instance in the Appalachia the AADR (15.6) was 34% higher than the rate for the rest of the US.Significance/Contribution to the FieldThe variability in magnitude and trend by degree of urbanisation and region suggest that societal and structural factors are influencing drug poisoning death rates. Prevention efforts typically focus on more urban areas; however, rural areas should join forces to prevent these deaths using regionally appropriate strategies.
Drinking and driving in Vietnam: prevalence, and public knowledge, attitudes, and practices
Authors: Bachani AM , Cuong P , Zamamiri Y , Quang LN , Passmore J , Nguyen PN , Hyder AA 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundInjuries a leading cause of death in Vietnam and road traffic crashes account for half of those deaths. Alcohol involvement in road traffic crashes remains high.Aims/Objectives/PurposeThis study aims to illustrate the prevalence of drinking and driving, and knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) related to it in three provinces in Vietnam.MethodsObservational studies to establish the prevalence of drinking and driving were carried out in collaboration with the local police. Roadside KAP surveys were also conducted in all three provinces. Participants were asked questions about awareness of traffic laws, and their own alcohol use and driving practices.Results/OutcomesThe prevalence of drinking and driving remains high, ranging from 5% to 52% for the period of November 2010 to July 2011. 4 rounds of KAP interviews conducted in 2011 show that almost all the respondents of the increased risk of a road traffic crash due to alcohol consumption. However, a significant proportion (45%) reported drinking and driving in the past. Most common reasons cited for this practice were: ‘feeling conscious’, no alternative, and being near home or work. Preferred alternatives to drinking and driving, if available, were: leaving with a non-drinker, resting until ‘feeling conscious’ and drinking less. Knowledge on drink driving legislation remains low (13–29%).Significance/Contribution to the FieldThe results of this study highlight the need to increase awareness of legislation against drinking and driving in Vietnam, as well as the need to develop programmes that serve as alternatives to address this problem in Vietnam.
Effectiveness of web-based expert system for substance abuse prevention in Korean adolescents
Authors: Bae JY , Bae AC 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundSubstance abuse in adolescents is one of the most serious health problems in Korea. Recently, adolescent's smoking, drinking and drug abuse increasing rapidly.PurposesThere were two purposes of this study. First was to describe the development process of a user-centered, web-based expert system for substance abuse prevention with the following objectives: (i) to empower adolescent by informing them how to prevent and manage substance abuse, (ii) to provide evidence-based interventions. Another purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of this system on smoking and drinking behaviour in adolescents.MethodsDevelopment process included four distinct phases: a needs assessment, analysis, design/development/testing, and the application release. After development of the system, the effectiveness was examined with forty adolescents who were recruited from the community. The non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used.ResultsThe web site was released using the URL: http://www.baejy.com/yebang/. This system includes intervention programmes to relieve substance abuse such as preventive education, cognitive behavioural therapy, assertiveness training, anger management, self confidence training and family therapy. After the 8-week period of intervention, experimental group showed a significant decrease in their smoking and drinking behaviour.Contribution to the FieldThe result was a web-based expert system for substance abuse prevention with a high degree of usability with an evidence-based intervention. The author believes that this development design will be utilised to create safety education programmes suitable for other safety education programme as well as high-risk populations.
Community based study of drinking and driving in North Indian city
Authors: Vikas Bhatia , Sonia Puri , Amritpal Kaur , Kiran Bala 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundOne-third men in India consume alcohol as per national survey. Almost 70% of alcohol in south-east Asia is produced in India. Drinking and driving remains a challenge in reducing RTA's in the country.ObjectivesStudy was conducted to understand various epidemiological features such as prevalence, pattern, frequency related with alcohol consumption and find out prevalence of driving following drinking.MethodsCommunity based study was conducted in urban, rural and slum setting in Chandigarh having 1.1 million people. Information was collected by interviewing 578 men of 18 years and above and recording on standardised format in 2011–2012.ResultsStudy constituted 57.1% urban, 16.8% rural and 26.1% slum population. Socio-economic profile was: Illiteracy in 16.9%, unskilled workers 34.4%, married 78.1%. Current alcohol consumption was observed in 160 persons (27.7%) which was 23% in urban, 33% in rural and 34.4% in slum. Pattern of drinking was occasional in 43.1%, mild in 23.8%, moderate in 10% and heavy in 23.1%. Overall 57.5% subjects reported to drive after alcohol consumption—highest in slums (65.5%) followed by urban (63.2%) and rural (31.3%) community. Only 3.9% were checked for breath test.ConclusionAlcohol consumption is public health problem with nearly one-third drinking in slum and rural and one-fourth in urban areas. One in three were moderate to heavy drinkers. Drinking and driving—a high risk factor for RTA's was observed to exist in majority of population. Enforcement of law needs to be enforced strictly for road safety.
Cough mixtures abuse amongst adolescent students in Guangzhou, China
Authors: Chen ZH , Xia HY 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundCough mixtures can heal or to harm. Very few literatures involved cough mixtures abuse (CMB) while we often have clinical cases basically of adolescents.PurposeTo investigate the epidemiology of CMB among adolescent students.MethodsAnalyses were based on a cross-sectional survey of students (N=8529) from 22 middle and high schools in Guangzhou, China. Logistic regression models were computed to examine prospective risk factors of CMB behaviour. Cough mixtures were restricted to those prescription medicine containing codeine component drunk for upper respiratory tract treatment purpose originally.ResultsOur findings show the prevalence of CMB varied from 5.36% to 12.54% in every age group (12 to 19). Male students were more vulnerable with a rate of 8.17% in comparison to female 5.93% (χ23.263; p 0.017). Prospective risk factors of CMB included convenience to obtain (OR 1.856; 95% CI 1.012 to 2.547), depression or anxiety (OR 2.851; 95% CI 1.014 to 3.415), high study stress (OR 1.954; 95% CI 1.245 to 3.214), and single parent families (OR 3.047; 95% CI 2.184 to 3.946). Drug dependence was the adverse consequence of CMB bringing on from acute symptoms like illusion (5.26%), palpitation (7.48%) and coma (2.58%) to chronical changes such as decline of memories (78.24%), difficult to sleep (80.12%), weak appetite and digestion (85.47%).SignificanceCMB endangering adolescent students calls for enforcement and education intervention in Guangzhou, China.
Who are you? Prevention of alcohol related sexual violence
Authors: Wellington Hannah Cranston , Duncan Russell 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundSexual violence can often be prevented if someone does something…however small. Being an ethical bystander is all about doing little things, long before we get to the point of harm. ‘Who Are You?’ is a multi-media sexual violence prevention campaign focused on what we can do to stop a possible sexual assault from happening. The campaign asks what if we:• looked after each other?• became ‘ethical’ bystanders?• took action to help keep others safe?AimThis project aims to bring key messages to the public, particularly young people to:• improve understanding of issues around consent• be empowered to help others• encourage community discussionMethodThe campaign was run in Wellington (New Zealand) in October 2011 and later nationally in February 2012. It utilised radio segments which link listeners to a powerful short film via the internet and invites people to take small actions to help keep others safe.The campaign is a local collaboration between a commercial radio network, sexual violence and health services, and the Police.ResultsEngagement with the campaign met all set targets. There were over 48 000 views of the film and over 62 000 unique visits to a dedicated website. Facebook and direct visits were the highest ranked means by which people accessed our short film.Significance/ContributionThere has been interest both nationally and internationally from those working with young people in using the campaign materials, particularly the film as a prevention resource. A comprehensive training toolkit was developed to accompany the film.
Preventable: a social marketing campaign to prevent injuries in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Pike I , Scime G , Lafreniere K 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundInjuries are the leading killer of Canadians in the prime of their lives. On average, over 1300 British Columbians die and 27 000 are hospitalised because of injury every year. Formative evaluation revealed 76% of BC residents considered injuries a serious problem; 72% considered injuries to be inevitable and that a social marketing campaign could contribute to injury prevention in BC.PurposeThrough a province-wide, multi-partner collaboration, the purpose was to determine the efficacy of a social marketing campaign to change awareness, attitudes, self-reported behaviours and to significantly reduce the number and severity of injuries among BC residents aged 25–55.MethodsA multi-year, multi-faceted campaign, focused on what peoplecando to prevent injury was developed. Utilising TV, Radio, print, guerilla events and social media, the campaign launched in June 2009.Results2 million BC customers (≈50% of BC population) were reached each week and over 100 million media impressions were generated. 50 000 residents visited http://www.preventable.ca Campaign recall increased 45% between June and December 2009. Ads were considered informative, relevant, credible and generated self-reflection; there was no advertising fatigue. Significant positive shifts (5–10%; p<0.05) were observed in attitudes and self-reported behaviours, and a significant reduction (p<0.05) in injury deaths was associated with the campaign period 2009–2010.Significance/Contribution to the FieldA well-developed injury prevention social marketing campaign based upon input from, and discussion with the target audience, can result in significant changes in attitudes and behaviours, and is associated with significantly reduced injury mortality.
Development of national injury prevention policy in the Ministry of Health Sri Lanka
Authors: Samarakkody DC , Somathunga TLC 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundInjuries remain the leading cause of hospitalisation among Sri Lankans resulting long term disability, death and tragic loss to families. In 2005, almost 9000 deaths were reported as a result of injuries and the cost for injury management had been estimated as 14.16 6 billion Rupees.PurposeThe National policy and strategic framework on injury prevention and management was developed to improve the injury prevention efforts through collaborative action to save thousands of lives and billions of rupees.MethodsThe development of national injury prevention policy in Sri Lanka began in 2004 as a response to recommendation made by the National Committee for Prevention of Injuries (NCPI), the advisory body for injury prevention and control at the Ministry of Health Sri Lanka. A comprehensive situation assessment was done to assess the epidemiology of injuries, set priorities and develop interventions. The policy was initially drafted following consultative meetings with government officials, experts and stakeholders engaged in injury prevention.ResultsThe final version of the policy document was formulated based on the recommendations made by the NCPI considering public comments and awaiting for approval and endorsement from the parliament of Sri Lanka. The policy frame work addresses primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of unintentional injuries through six strategic areas.SignificanceNational policy and strategic framework on injury prevention and management reflects the countries commitment to improve the injury prevention efforts through collaborative action.
Improving injury prevention research through patient and public involvement—towards working in partnership
Authors: Stewart J , Clacy R , Benford P , Ablewhite J , Kendrick D ,   on behalf of the Keeping Children Safe at Home programme team
Published: October 2012

BackgroundLay involvement in research has been proved to have advantages both at a national and local level. Hence major research funders require evidence of Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) in development of proposals and the conduct of research.AimsThe aims are to describe how PPI is part of the Keeping Children Safe at Home (KCS) research programme and how this has made a difference to the research.MethodsA PPI representative has worked with researchers since the development of the funding application for the KCS programme. She contributes to research management meetings and works with researchers at all stages of the research from developing research tools to collection and analysis of data and report writing.OutcomeThe outcome has been positive. Researchers welcome the different perspective to research bought by PPI. Involvement in the development of invitation letters, information leaflets and questionnaires has made them more understandable for potential participants. Parents responded more positively to the PPI representative than to researchers during piloting of materials resulting in higher questionnaire completion rates. The PPI representative has also collected data both in parent's homes and in a community setting, and contributed to analysis of parent interview data. In all these areas, issues from the parent perspective that researchers may not have thought about have been identified.Contribution to the FieldThis demonstrates the benefits of partnership working between PPI representatives and researchers dedicated to injury prevention and highlights the important contribution PPI can make in the field of injury prevention.
Applying the theory: public health partnership in practice
Authors: Coral Timmins 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundAlthough unintentional injury is an issue for Health Ministries around the world, the place of safety promotion is largely silent in the health sector. In New Zealand, a significant number of the staff involved in safety promotion has qualifications in health promotion yet are rarely exposed to injury prevention as a public health issue.The Auckland University of Technology (AUT) emphasises the link between theory and practice. Students majoring in health promotion are required to complete a 150 h health promotion practicum. One opportunity was identified for students to complete a placement at SWIP.PurposeTo build health promotion workforce capacity through agency placements focussed on injury prevention.MethodsAUT students were placed with Safe Waitakere Injury Prevention. Projects included piercing & cutting, community events and resource development. The placement programme was underpinned by the Ottawa Charter and Ti Tiriti o Waitangi. Students received weekly agency supervision and on campus teaching.ResultsSerendipitously, longer placement has been beneficial to all parties. Students had opportunity to: understand the injury issue, value the role of collaboration and recognise where injury prevention crosscuts with health promotion. The SWIP placement supervisors report students have contributed to reflective practice and improvements; and the AUT supervisor observes student exposure to placements in injury prevention recognises an overdue focus for health promotion.Contribution to the FieldThis initiative broadens the student health promotion practical experience by exposure to safety promotion via the workplace initiatives that reduce and prevent unintentional injury.
Creation and development of an Injury Observatory for Britain and Ireland (IOBI)
Authors: Turner SL , Lyons RA , Stone D , Macey SM , Barron S , Slater W , Brown P , Verne J , Lumsden E , McErlean I , Quigg Z , Hughes K , Towner E , Shepherd J , Fischbacher C , Quinn J , Frame S , McMahon S , Jessop V 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundMany organisations and individuals have a role in injury prevention. However, the majority of these organisations have a multitude of roles, and staff dealing with injury prevention are frequently geographically or professionally isolated.Aims/Objectives/PurposeThe Injury Observatory for Britain and Ireland (IOBI) is an innovative collaboration between the Association of Public Health Observatories and several academic institutions across the UK and Ireland. IOBI supports injury practitioners by providing an accessible injury prevention evidence base.MethodsIOBI emerged from a series of informal meetings of interested professionals in 2004–2005. Being a virtual organisation, IOBI has neither a base nor core funding, though many of the constituent organisations receive funding from central or devolved government agencies. The IOBI website http://www.injuryobservatory.net, established in 2007, supports practitioners by providing access to a range of injury related materials. IOBI launched a free e-newsletter in 2008, Injury Prevention News (IPN, http://www.injuryobservatory.net/_newsletters.html), which is published tri-annually.Results/OutcomesIOBI members convene two or three times a year to share knowledge, discuss good practice, and to collaborate on injury projects. Key outcomes include: development of a specification enabling comparative analysis of inpatient data across the five countries, a comparative analysis of injury related mortality in the UK and Ireland, organising two national conferences, development of IPN.Significance/Contribution to the FieldIOBI demonstrates the need for a forum for injury prevention collaboration in the British Isles. Its success will ultimately be judged by the extent to which it stimulates an increase in injury prevention practice and research.
Prevalence and correlates of intimate partner violence among male military personnel and civil servants in Ibadan, Nigeria: a comparative study
Authors: Adejimi A , Fawole O , Sekoni O , Balogun M , Popoola O 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundThe nature of training and work of the military personnel and civil servants may affect their relationships with their intimate partners in different ways.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to assess and compare the prevalence and correlates of intimate partner violence (IPV) against female partners among male military personnel and civil servants in Ibadan, South-western Nigeria.MethodsA cross sectional study was carried out using a multi-stage sampling technique. A self administered questionnaire was used in data collection. χ2test was used to assess association between categorical variables and predictors of perpetration of IPV were determined using logistic regression at level of significance of 5%.ResultA total of 1240 respondents, 631 in the military and 609 in the civil service were interviewed. About 75% were currently married. The prevalence of perpetration of any form of IPV in the last 12 months of the study was 77.8% and 66% among the respondents in the military and civil service, respectively. Significantly higher proportions of respondents in the military had perpetrated various types of IPV except sexual violence. The predictors of perpetrating any form IPV include being a military personnel, childhood exposure to parental IPV, having a negative attitude towards wife beating and use of alcohol. Civil servants were more likely to perpetrate sexual violence against their female partners.SignificanceIntimate partner violence was quite prevalence in both groups but significantly more among the military personnel. There is a need for educating these men through multidisciplinary approach and different strategies in the two groups.