bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the aerosol transmission of a mixed infection of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus
Authors: Fano E. , Pijoan C. , Dee S. 
Published: October 2014

To evaluate the transmission of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) by aerosol as either a single or mixed infection, 28 pigs were inoculated intratracheally with M hyopneumoniae on day 0 and infected intranasally with PRRSV on day 35; they were housed together in a barn. To assess the aerosol transmission of M hyopneumoniae as a single infection, one trailer (A) containing 10 five‐week‐old sentinel pigs was placed along the south side of the infected barn (1 m from the fans) on day 28. To assess the mixed infection, two trailers (B and C), each containing 10 five‐week‐old sentinel pigs, were placed along each side of the barn on day 42. The sentinel pigs in the three trailers were exposed to the exhaust from the fans for seven days. No M hyopneumoniae infection was detected in the sentinel pigs in trailer A, but it was detected in the sentinel pigs in trailers B and C. No PRRSV was detected in any of the sentinel pigs.
Comparison of xylazine and medetomidine as premedicants for cats being anaesthetised with propofol‐sevoflurane
Authors: Selmi A. L. , Mendes G. M. , Lins B. T. , Figueiredo J. P. , Barbudo‐Selmi G. R. 
Published: October 2014

The effects of premedicating cats with saline, xylazine or medetomidine before anaesthetising them with propofol‐sevoflurane were compared. Twenty‐four cats were randomly assigned to three groups of eight to receive either 0·25 ml of saline, 0·50 mg/kg of xylazine or 0·02 mg/kg of medetomidine intravenously, and anaesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with sevoflurane. Medetomidine produced a greater reduction in the induction dose of propofol and fewer adverse postoperative effects than saline or xylazine. Hypoxaemia was observed after induction with propofol in the cats premedicated with saline and xylazine, but not in the cats given medetomidine. The cats treated with medetomidine and xylazine developed profound bradycardia. The blood pressure of the cats premedicated with saline and xylazine decreased, but the blood pressure of the cats premedicated with medetomidine was maintained. The cats premedicated with saline took longer to recover from anaesthesia than the other two groups.
Retrospective study of the survival of cats with acquired chronic renal insufficiency offered different commercial diets
Authors: Plantinga E. A. , Everts H. , Kastelein A. M. C. , Beynen A. C. 
Published: October 2014

A retrospective study was carried out on the efficacy of seven commercial diets designed to be fed to cats with chronic renal failure. The median survival time of 175 cats that received conventional diets was seven months, whereas the median survival time of 146 cats given one of the seven diets was 16 months. The cats on the most effective of the diets had a median survival time of 23 months and those on the least effective diet had a median survival time of 12 months. The composition of the seven diets was comparable, except that the most effective diet had a particularly high content of eicosapentaenoic acid.
Comparative biochemical analyses of venous blood and peritoneal fluid from horses with colic using a portable analyser and an in‐house analyser
Authors: Saulez M. N. , Cebra C. K. , Dailey M. 
Published: October 2014

Fifty‐six horses with colic were examined over a period of three months. The concentrations of glucose, lactate, sodium, potassium and chloride, and the pH of samples of blood and peritoneal fluid, were determined with a portable clinical analyser and with an in‐house analyser and the results were compared. Compared with the in‐house analyser, the portable analyser gave higher pH values for blood and peritoneal fluid with greater variability in the alkaline range, and lower pH values in the acidic range, lower concentrations of glucose in the range below 8·3 mmol/l, and lower concentrations of lactate in venous blood in the range below 5 mmol/l and in peritoneal fluid in the range below 2 mmol/l, with less variability. On average, the portable analyser underestimated the concentrations of lactate and glucose in peritoneal fluid in comparison with the in‐house analyser. Its measurements of the concentrations of sodium and chloride in peritoneal fluid had a higher bias and were more variable than the measurements in venous blood, and its measurements of potassium in venous blood and peritoneal fluid had a smaller bias and less variability than the measurements made with the in‐house analyser.
Treatment of persistent intramammary infections with Streptococcus uberis in dairy cows
Authors: Milne M. H. , Biggs A. M. , Barrett D. C. , Young F. J. , Doherty S. , Innocent G. T. , Fitzpatrick J. L. 
Published: October 2014

A survey was conducted of the prevalence of environmental pathogens, especially Streptococcus uberis, as causes of clinical mastitis in dairy cows. The response of intramammary infections with S uberis to conventional treatment was monitored by taking milk samples for bacteriology and somatic cell counting seven, 14 and 21 days after the treatment. The results showed that 51 per cent of the infections failed to respond, and the odds of cases failing to respond was significantly increased when the individual quarter somatic cell count seven days after the treatment was greater than 201,000 cells/ml. Ninety‐six per cent of the suspected S uberis isolates identified by culture were confirmed as S uberis by using the API 20 Strep system. Restriction endonuclease fingerprinting was used to type the strains of S uberis isolated from 75 milk samples from 32 cows. Analysis showed that 96 per cent of the cases of S uberis that failed to respond to conventional treatment were persistent infections with one strain rather than reinfections with different strains. The persistent cases of S uberis were treated further with an extended course of intramammary preparations containing either procaine penicillin with dihydrostreptomycin or cefquinome. There was no significant difference between the cure rates achieved by the two preparations, and 55 per cent of the cases that had failed to respond to conventional treatment responded to the additional treatment.
Differentiation and Loss of Malignant Character of Spontaneous Pulmonary Metastases in Patient-Derived Breast Cancer Models
Authors: Bockhorn Jessica , Prat Aleix , Chang Ya-Fang , Liu Xia , Huang Simo , Shang Meng , Nwachukwu Chika , Gomez-Vega Maria J. , Harrell J. Chuck , Olopade Olufunmilayo I. , Perou Charles M. , Liu Huiping 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Patient-derived human-in-mouse xenograft models of breast cancer (PDX models) that exhibit spontaneous lung metastases offer a potentially powerful model of cancer metastasis. In this study, we evaluated the malignant character of lung micrometastases that emerge in such models after orthotopic implantation of human breast tumor cells into the mouse mammary fat pad. Interestingly, relative to the parental primary breast tumors, the lung metastasis (met)–derived mammary tumors exhibited a slower growth rate and a reduced metastatic potential with a more differentiated epithelial status. Epigenetic correlates were determined by gene array analyses. Lung met–derived tumors displayed differential expression of negative regulators of cell proliferation and metabolism and positive regulators of mammary epithelial differentiation. Clinically, this signature correlated with breast tumor subtypes. We identified hsa-miR-138 (miR-138) as a novel regulator of invasion and epithelial–mesenchymal transition in breast cancer cells, acting by directly targeting the polycomb epigenetic regulator EZH2. Mechanistic investigations showed that GATA3 transcriptionally controlled miR-138 levels in lung metastases. Notably, the miR-138 activity signature served as a novel independent prognostic marker for patient survival beyond traditional pathologic variables, intrinsic subtypes, or a proliferation gene signature. Our results highlight the loss of malignant character in some lung micrometastatic lesions and the epigenetic regulation of this phenotype. Cancer Res; 74(24); 7406–17. ©2014 AACR.
Circulating Tumor DNA Is Effective for the Detection of EGFR Mutation in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Qiu Mantang , Wang Jie , Xu Youtao , Ding Xiangxiang , Li Ming , Jiang Feng , Xu Lin , Yin Rong 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Background: Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has offered a minimally invasive and feasible approach for detection of EGFR mutation for non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This meta-analysis was designed to investigate the diagnostic value of ctDNA, compared with current “gold standard,” tumor tissues.
Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science to identify eligible studies that reported the sensitivity and specificity of ctDNA for detection of EGFR mutation status in NSCLC. Eligible studies were pooled to calculate the pooled sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR). The summary ROC curve (SROC) and area under SROC (AUSROC) were used to evaluate the overall diagnostic performance.
Results: Twenty-seven eligible studies involving 3,110 participants were included and analyzed in our meta-analysis, and most studies were conducted among Asian population. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, and DOR were 0.620 [95% confidence intervals (CI), 0.513–0.716), 0.959 (95% CI, 0.929–0.977), and 38.270 (95% CI, 21.090–69.444), respectively. The AUSROC was 0.91 (95% CI, 0.89–0.94), indicating the high diagnostic performance of ctDNA.
Conclusion: ctDNA is a highly specific and effective biomarker for the detection of EGFR mutation status.
Impact: ctDNA analysis will be a key part of personalized cancer therapy of NSCLC. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(1); 206–12. ©2014 AACR.
A Phase II, Randomized, Study of Weekly APG101+Reirradiation versus Reirradiation in Progressive Glioblastoma
Authors: Wick Wolfgang , Fricke Harald , Junge Klaus , Kobyakov Grigory , Martens Tobias , Heese Oliver , Wiestler Benedikt , Schliesser Maximilian G. , von Deimling Andreas , Pichler Josef , Vetlova Elena , Harting Inga , Debus Jürgen , Hartmann Christian , Kunz Claudia , Platten Michael , Bendszus Martin , Combs Stephanie E. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Purpose: Preclinical data indicate anti-invasive activity of APG101, a CD95 ligand (CD95L)–binding fusion protein, in glioblastoma.
Experimental Design: Patients (N = 91) with glioblastoma at first or second progression were randomized 1:2 between second radiotherapy (rRT; 36 Gy; five times 2 Gy per week) or rRT+APG101 (400 mg weekly i.v.). Patient characteristics [N = 84 (26 patients rRT, 58 patients rRT+APG101)] were balanced.
Results: Progression-free survival at 6 months (PFS-6) rates were 3.8% [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.1–19.6] for rRT and 20.7% (95% CI, 11.2–33.4) for rRT+APG101 (P = 0.048). Median PFS was 2.5 (95% CI, 2.3–3.8) months and 4.5 (95% CI, 3.7–5.4) months with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.49 (95% CI, 0.27–0.88; P = 0.0162) adjusted for tumor size. Cox regression analysis adjusted for tumor size revealed a HR of 0.60 (95% CI, 0.36–1.01; P = 0.0559) for rRT+APG101 for death of any cause. Lower methylation levels at CpG2 in the CD95L promoter in the tumor conferred a stronger risk reduction (HR, 0.19; 95% CI, 0.06–0.58) for treatment with APG101, suggesting a potential biomarker.
Conclusions: CD95 pathway inhibition in combination with rRT is an innovative concept with clinical efficacy. It warrants further clinical development. CD95L promoter methylation in the tumor may be developed as a biomarker. Clin Cancer Res; 20(24); 6304–13. ©2014 AACR.
Haemostatic alterations induced by treatment with asparaginases and clinical consequences
Authors: Za Tommaso , Ciminello Angela , Betti Silvia , Rossi Elena , Stefano Valerio De 
Published: October 2014

SummaryThe benefit of asparaginase for treating acute lymphoid leukaemia (ALL) has been well established. Native asparaginase derives from Escherichia coli (colaspase) or Erwinia chrysanthemi (crisantaspase); in a third preparation, colaspase is pegylated. Depletion of asparagine leads to decreased synthesis of procoagulant, anticoagulant, and fibrinolytic proteins, with resultant hypercoagulability and greater risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Colaspase and crisantaspase are not dose-equivalent, with crisantaspase displaying haemostatic toxicity only at dosages much higher and administered more frequently than those of colaspase. Cerebral venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism are two life-endangering manifestations that occur during treatment with asparaginase particularly in children and in adults with ALL, respectively. Approximately one-third of VTEs are located in the upper extremities and are central venous line-related. Other risk factors are longer duration of asparaginase treatment and concomitant use of prednisone, anthracyclines, and oral contraceptives. The risk associated with inherited thrombophilia is uncertain but is clearly enhanced by other risk factors or by the use of prednisone. VTE prevention with fresh frozen plasma is not recommended; the efficacy of antithrombin (AT) concentrates has occasionally been reported, but these reports should be confirmed by proper studies, and AT should not be routinely employed. Therapeutic or prophylactic heparin doses are only partially effective, and direct thrombin or factor Xa inhibitors could play significant roles in the near future.
Redescriptions of six species of Ilyodromus Sars, 1894 (Crustacea, Ostracoda, Cyprididae) from New Zealand and Eastern Australia
Authors: SHEARN RYLAN , HALSE STUART , KOENDERS ANNETTE , SCHÖN ISA , MARTENS KOEN 
Published: October 2014

In this paper, we redescribe six species of the genus Ilyodromus Sars, 1894: I, stanleyanus (King, 1855), I. varrovillius (King, 1855), I. smaragdinus Sars, 1894, I. obtusus Sars, 1894, I. substriatus Sars, 1894 and I. viridulus (Brady, 1886) using materials stored in the Oslo museum (Norway) and (re-) described by G.O. Sars. For each species examined, we have identified a number of additional diagnostic characters to those used by Sars and earlier authors. In particular, the length of setae, claws and segments of the antennule, antenna, sixth limb, and caudal ramus appear to be important for species delineation in the genus, as does the internal structure of the valves.
An OSSE-Based Evaluation of Hybrid Variational–Ensemble Data Assimilation for the NCEP GFS. Part I: System Description and 3D-Hybrid Results
Authors: Kleist Daryl T. , Ide Kayo 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
An observing system simulation experiment (OSSE) has been carried out to evaluate the impact of a hybrid ensemble–variational data assimilation algorithm for use with the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) global data assimilation system. An OSSE provides a controlled framework for evaluating analysis and forecast errors since a truth is known. In this case, the nature run was generated and provided by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts as part of the international Joint OSSE project. The assimilation and forecast impact studies are carried out using a model that is different than the nature run model, thereby accounting for model error and avoiding issues with the so-called identical-twin experiments.
It is found that the quality of analysis is improved substantially when going from three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVar) to a hybrid 3D ensemble–variational (EnVar)-based algorithm. This is especially true in terms of the analysis error reduction for wind and moisture, most notably in the tropics. Forecast impact experiments show that the hybrid-initialized forecasts improve upon the 3DVar-based forecasts for most metrics, lead times, variables, and levels. An additional experiment that utilizes 3DEnVar (100% ensemble) demonstrates that the use of a 25% static error covariance contribution does not alter the quality of hybrid analysis when utilizing the tangent-linear normal mode constraint on the total hybrid increment.
Improving the efficiency of an air conditioning system using a fire water tank as thermal accumulator
Authors: Renedo CJ , Ortiz A , Pérez S , Delgado F , Fernández I , Carcedo J 
Published: October 2014

This paper studies the substitution of air condensation by water condensation in the chiller of a university building. This building has a surface of about 30,000 m2, is located in a city of the Spanish north coast, and refrigeration is needed for six months a year. In this paper, the novelty lies in the cooling system of the condensation water, since the typical cooling tower is not going to be considered; instead, the domestic cold water consumed in the building would be used to cool the chiller condensing water. As the domestic water consumption in the building is neither constant nor coincident with the cooling requirements of the chiller, the use of the fire water tank as heat storage was proposed. Thus, the chiller is cooled by the water contained in the fire tank and this fire water is then cooled by the domestic water. With this solution, the reduction in the annual energy consumption of the chiller is around 18.6%. The requirements to implement this solution in buildings are: cool water for air conditioning produced in a centralized way, a relatively high building domestic water demand and a building fire water tank. Practical application:The solution proposed in this paper can contribute to primary energy savings by improving the energy efficiency of HVAC systems. It can be adopted in all buildings that require refrigeration, have a significant consumption of domestic water, and have a water storage tank for fire or other uses. The article includes the preliminary design of a water–water heat exchanger as a possible solution for cooling the chiller, but alternative solutions could be adopted. Finally, a cost-benefit analysis has been performed, showing that the proposed solution is feasible.
Developing a Nurse‐Delivered Frenulotomy Service
Authors: Rose Katie , Kasbekar Anand V. , Flynn Alison , De Sujata 
Published: October 2014

ObjectivesTongue tie (ankyloglossia) describes a short lingual frenulum that can lead to breastfeeding difficulties. It affects between 4% and 10% of infants and can be treated by frenulotomy. We developed a nurse‐delivered frenulotomy service at a tertiary pediatric hospital and audited our results.Study DesignObservational study.SettingTertiary pediatric hospital.Subjects and MethodsAn outpatient tongue tie clinic was set up by an ear, nose, and throat consultant. Tongue tie division was undertaken using a standard technique without the need for anesthesia or analgesia, as per National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines. Subsequently, a senior nurse was trained to undertake the clinic independently and saw most referrals. Patient satisfaction data were collected via questionnaires.ResultsReferrals to the service increased from 57 (2009) to 296 (2012). Outcome data from outpatient frenulotomy are discussed. Parent satisfaction measures were similar for both nurse‐ and doctor‐delivered treatment. If all frenulotomies were undertaken in nurse‐delivered clinics, a total of £3830 could have been saved in 2012, compared with the cost of doctor‐delivered care.ConclusionA nurse‐delivered outpatient frenulotomy service is a safe and cost‐effective method of delivering such care. We have demonstrated reduced costs and reduced waiting times without compromising patient satisfaction or the quality of care provided.
The McGill simulator for endoscopic sinus surgery (MSESS): A validation study
Authors: Varshney Rickul , Frenkiel Saul , Nguyen Lily HP , Young Meredith , Del Maestro Rolando , Zeitouni Anthony , Saad Elias , Funnell W Robert J , Tewfik Marc A ,   National Research Council Canada
Published: October 2014

Background Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is a technically challenging procedure, associated with a significant risk of complications. Virtual reality simulation has demonstrated benefit in many disciplines as an important educational tool for surgical training. Within the field of rhinology, there is a lack of ESS simulators with appropriate validity evidence supporting their integration into residency education. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the acceptability, perceived realism and benefit of the McGill Simulator for Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (MSESS) among medical students, otolaryngology residents and faculty, and to present evidence supporting its ability to differentiate users based on their level of training through the performance metrics. Methods 10 medical students, 10 junior residents, 10 senior residents and 3 expert sinus surgeons performed anterior ethmoidectomies, posterior ethmoidectomies and wide sphenoidotomies on the MSESS. Performance metrics related to quality (e.g. percentage of tissue removed), efficiency (e.g. time, path length, bimanual dexterity, etc.) and safety (e.g. contact with no-go zones, maximum applied force, etc.) were calculated. All users completed a post-simulation questionnaire related to realism, usefulness and perceived benefits of training on the MSESS. Results The MSESS was found to be realistic and useful for training surgical skills with scores of 7.97 ± 0.29 and 8.57 ± 0.69, respectively on a 10-point rating scale. Most students and residents (29/30) believed that it should be incorporated into their curriculum. There were significant differences between novice surgeons (10 medical students and 10 junior residents) and senior surgeons (10 senior residents and 3 sinus surgeons) in performance metrics related to quality ( p < 0.05), efficiency ( p < 0.01) and safety ( p < 0.05). Conclusion The MSESS demonstrated initial evidence supporting its use for residency education. This simulator may be a potential resource to help fill the void in endoscopic sinus surgery training.
Fast multimodel finite-difference controlled-source electromagnetic simulations based on a Schur complement approach
Authors: Jaysaval Piyoosh , Shantsev Daniil , de la Kethulle de Ryhove Sébastien 
Published: October 2014

We have developed an efficient numerical scheme for fast multimodel 3D electromagnetic simulations by applying a Schur complement approach to a frequency-domain finite-difference method. The scheme is based on direct solvers and developed with constrained inversion algorithms in view. Such algorithms normally need many forward modeling jobs with different resistivities for the target zone and/or background formation. We geometrically divide the computational domain into two subdomains: an anomalous subdomain, the resistivities of which were permitted to change, and a background subdomain, having fixed resistivities. The system matrix is partially factorized by precomputing a Schur complement to eliminate unknowns associated with the background subdomain. The Schur complement system is then solved to compute fields inside the anomalous subdomain. Finally, the background subdomain fields are computed using inexpensive local substitutions. For each successive simulation, only the relatively small Schur complement system has to be solved, which results in significant computational savings. We applied this approach to two moderately sized 3D problems in marine controlled-source electromagnetic modeling: (1) a deepwater model in which the resistivities of the seawater and the air layer were kept fixed and (2) a model in which focused inversion was performed in a scenario in which the resistivities of the background formation, the air layer, and the seawater were known. We found a significant reduction of the modeling time in inversion that depended on the relative sizes of the constrained and unconstrained volumes: the smaller the unconstrained volume, the larger the savings. Specifically, for a focused inversion of the Troll oil field in the North Sea, the gain amounted up to 80% of the total modeling time.