bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Bristol Stool Form Scale to predict the adequacy of bowel preparation – a prospective study
Authors: Malhotra A. , Shah N. , Depasquale J. , Baddoura W. , Spira R. , Rector T. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAimInadequate bowel preparation continues to be a substantial problem for colonoscopy. The seven‐point Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS) has been associated with delayed colonic transit in adults. We evaluated the utility of the BSFS to identify patients more likely to present with an inadequate preparation.MethodTwo large community‐based academic medical centres in New Jersey, USA, studied a prospective cohort of 411 consecutive patients undergoing outpatient colonoscopy who were prescribed similar bowel preparations. The BSFS and several other study variables were collected by gastroenterology fellows during an outpatient visit prior to scheduling colonoscopy. All colonoscopy examinations were performed in the morning by a gastroenterologist who graded the adequacy of bowel preparation. Inadequate preparation was defined as one resulting in a repeat colonoscopy at a shorter time interval than would generally be recommended based solely on risk factors or pathological findings. The ability of study variables to discriminate those who did or did not have an adequate preparation was summarized by the c‐statistic. The relationship between variables that provided some discrimination and the probability of an adequate preparation was modelled using logistic regression.ResultsThe mean age of the study sample was 56 ± 8 (SD) years and 63% were women. Bowel preparation was adequate in 337 (82%) of the patients. The BSFS ratings ranged from 1 to 7. The score was <3 in 144 (35%) indicating lower gastrointestinal motility. There was a statistically significant association between the score and the probability of an adequate bowel preparation (odds ratio 1.4; 95% confidence interval 1.2–1.7; P < 0.001) and the c‐statistic was 0.64 (0.58–0.70).ConclusionUse of the BSFS may help identify patients for whom standard bowel preparation most probably will not be adequate.
Evaluation of the 2008 World Health Organization classification for non‐mycosis fungoides, non‐Sezary syndrome T/NK‐cell lymphomas with primary cutaneous involvement
Authors: Chang Daniel , Zerbini Maria Cláudia Nogueira , Sotto Mirian Nacagami , Siqueira Sheila Aparecida Coelho , Sanches José Antonio 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundCutaneous non‐mycosis fungoides non‐Sezary syndrome T/NK cell lymphomas (non‐MF/non‐SS CTCL) are rare. In 2005, a consensus of the World Health Organization (WHO) and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) classifications for primary cutaneous lymphomas was established. These guidelines were then adopted into the WHO Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues, 2008. This study aims to assess the applicability of the WHO 2008 classification in a retrospective series of CTCL cases registered in a reference academic center in Brazil.MethodsTwenty‐seven patients with non‐MF/non‐SS CTCL were studied. Clinical, histopathological and immunophenotypical features based on an extensive panel of antibodies were applied to classify the cases according to the WHO, 2008.ResultsOverall, diagnostic categories included eight (29.6%) cutaneous anaplastic large‐cell lymphoma, five (18.5%) lymphomatoid papulosis, six (22.2%) extranodal natural killer (NK)/T‐cell lymphoma, nasal type, five (18.5%) adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma, one (3.7%) cutaneous CD8‐positive aggressive epidermotropic cytotoxic T‐cell lymphoma and two (7.4%) of peripheral T‐cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (NOS).ConclusionsThe WHO classification (2008) was applicable to most cases of non‐MF/non‐SS CTCL, while some cases remained unclassified and were considered NOS‐peripheral T‐cell lymphoma. An unexpected high frequency of NK/T‐cell lymphoma nasal type was observed.
Hair growth‐promotion effects of different alternating current parameter settings are mediated by the activation of Wnt/β‐catenin and MAPK pathway
Authors: Sohn Ki Min , Jeong Kwan Ho , Kim Jung Eun , Park Young Min , Kang Hoon 
Published: August 2015

AbstractElectrical stimulation is being used in variable skin therapeutic conditions. There have been clinical studies demonstrating the positive effect of electrical stimuli on hair regrowth. However, the underlying exact mechanism and optimal parameter settings are not clarified yet. To investigate the effects of different parameter settings of electrical stimuli on hair growth by examining changes in human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs) in vitro and by observing molecular changes in animal tissue. In vitro, cultured hDPCs were electrically stimulated with different parameter settings at alternating current (AC). Cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay. The Ki67 expression was measured by immunofluorescence. Hair growth‐related gene expressions were measured by RT‐PCR. In animal model, different parameter settings of AC were applied to the shaved dorsal skin of rabbit for 8 weeks. Expression of hair‐related genes in the skin of rabbit was examined by RT‐PCR. At low voltage power (3.5 V) and low frequency (1 or 2 MHz) with AC, in vitro proliferation of hDPCs was successfully induced. A significant increase in Wnt/β‐catenin, Ki67, p‐ERK and p‐AKT expressions was observed under the aforementioned settings. In animal model, hair regrowth was observed in the entire stimulated areas under individual conditions. Expression of hair‐related genes in the skin significantly increased on the 6th week of treatment. There are optimal conditions for electrical stimulated hair growth, and they might be different in the cells, animals and human tissues. Electrical stimuli induce mechanisms such as the activation of Wnt/β‐catenin and MAPK pathway in hair follicles.
Strengthened currents override the effect of warming on lobster larval dispersal and survival
Authors: Cetina‐Heredia Paulina , Roughan Moninya , van Sebille Erik , Feng Ming , Coleman Melinda A. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractHuman‐induced climate change is projected to increase ocean temperature and modify circulation patterns, with potential widespread implications for the transport and survival of planktonic larvae of marine organisms. Circulation affects the dispersal of larvae, whereas temperature impacts larval development and survival. However, the combined effect of changes in circulation and temperature on larval dispersal and survival has rarely been studied in a future climate scenario. Such understanding is crucial to predict future species distributions, anticipate ecosystem shifts and design effective management strategies. We simulate contemporary (1990s) and future (2060s) dispersal of lobster larvae using an eddy‐resolving ocean model in south‐eastern Australia, a region of rapid ocean warming. Here we show that the effects of changes in circulation and temperature can counter each other: ocean warming favours the survival of lobster larvae, whereas a strengthened western boundary current diminishes the supply of larvae to the coast by restricting cross‐current larval dispersal. Furthermore, we find that changes in circulation have a stronger effect on connectivity patterns of lobster larvae along south‐eastern Australia than ocean warming in the future climate so that the supply of larvae to the coast reduces by ~4% and the settlement peak shifts poleward by ~270 km in the model simulation. Thus, ocean circulation may be one of the dominant factors contributing to climate‐induced changes of species ranges.
Effect of physical and thermal processing upon benzylglucosinolate content in tubers of the Brassicaceae maca (Lepidium meyenii) using a novel rapid analytical technique
Authors: Li Jing , Zou Ying , Sun Qingrui , Yang Cheng , Yang Jinwei , Zhang Lianfu 
Published: August 2015

SummaryBenzylglucosinolate (BG) was extracted by 70% methanol from maca and purified on acidic alumina column and semi‐preparative Cosmosil cholester column. The purified sample was verified as BG by electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. The purity was 98.3% as determined by HPLC‐MS. BG content of maca was quantified using external standard method by HPLC. Effect of physical and thermal processing on BG content of maca was investigated. When maca was steamed for 5 min before shredding, no significant difference of BG content was observed during postshredding time, while raw maca lost 57.2% of BG in 24 h. Steamed maca showed no significant loss of BG after drying at the temperature from 20 to 80 °C in 24 h. Thermal degradation was described by the first‐order kinetics–Arrhenius equation for BG in the temperature range of 90–100 °C.
Java project on periodontal diseases: causes of tooth loss in a cohort of untreated individuals
Authors: van der Velden Ubele , Amaliya Amaliya , Loos Bruno G. , Timmerman Mark F. , van der Weijden Fridus A. , Winkel Edwin G. , Abbas Frank 
Published: August 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the relative contribution of caries and periodontal disease to tooth loss over 24 years in a cohort deprived of regular dental care.Material & MethodsThe study population consisted of 98 subjects from a tea estate on West Java, Indonesia, that had been part of a prospective longitudinal study and provided full datasets of clinical assessments between 1987, 1994 and 2002. In 2011, complete sets of dental radiographs were made which was combined with the survey forms and clinical slides from the previous assessments in order to estimate reasons for tooth loss.ResultsThirty‐seven subjects lost no teeth, whereas 61 subjects lost 185 teeth. In this group, 45.9% lost ≤2 teeth, 32.8% lost 3 to 4 teeth and 19.7% lost ≥5 teeth. The majority of teeth were lost due to caries. In five subjects, tooth loss could be attributed solely to periodontitis, whereas in four subjects teeth were lost due to both caries and periodontits. Analyses of the predictor variables age, gender, smoking, education, presence of caries and severe periodontitis showed that male gender and caries were significantly associated with tooth loss.ConclusionThe majority of teeth in this population were lost due to caries.
Perceptions of pharmacists and patients on information provision and their influence on patient satisfaction in Japanese community pharmacies
Authors: Takaki Hiroko , Abe Takeru , Hagihara Akihito 
Published: August 2015

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesThe provision of information is now considered a major area in pharmacist–patient interactions. However, few reports have simultaneously evaluated patient and pharmacist perceptions with regard to the pharmacist's information provision. The aims were to clarify the perceptions of pharmacists and patients regarding information provision and the level of influence of those perceptions on patient satisfaction.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey with respect to information provision was conducted for patients and pharmacists in community pharmacies in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. In total, 407 patient–pharmacist pairs were included in a t‐test and multilevel analysis.ResultsThe levels of patient perception regarding information provision were significantly higher than the levels of pharmacist perception in all variables. The pharmacists' perceived level of information provision concerning medication effects had a negative and significant association with patient satisfaction, while the patients' perceived level of information provision by the pharmacist had a positive and significant association with patient satisfaction. Higher patient expectations regarding the level of information provision concerning medication side effects and older age of the pharmacist were adversely related to patient satisfaction. Both pharmacist and patient perceptions of the information provision by pharmacists personalized to the patient had positive associations with patient satisfaction.ConclusionsPharmacist perceptions related to the information provision were not associated with patient satisfaction. The present study highlights accurate information provision, building good patient–pharmacist relationships, and improving pharmaceutical care in community pharmacy settings.
Acetylcholine induces fibrogenic effects via M2/M3 acetylcholine receptors in non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis and in primary human hepatic stellate cells
Authors: Morgan Maelle L , Sigala Barbara , Soeda Junpei , Cordero Paul , Nguyen Vi , McKee Chad , Mouraliderane Angelina , Vinciguerra Manlio , Oben Jude A 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe parasympathetic nervous system (PNS), via neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh), modulates fibrogenesis in animal models. However, the role of ACh in human hepatic fibrogenesis is unclear.AimsWe aimed to determine the fibrogenic responses of human hepatic stellate cells (hHSC) to ACh and the relevance of the PNS in hepatic fibrosis in patients with non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).MethodsPrimary hHSC were analyzed for synthesis of endogenous ACh and acetylcholinesterase and gene expression of choline acetyltransferase and muscarinic ACh receptors (mAChR). Cell proliferation and fibrogenic markers were analyzed in hHSC exposed to ACh, atropine, mecamylamine, methoctramine, and 4‐diphenylacetoxy‐N‐methylpiperidine methiodide. mAChR expression was analyzed in human NASH scored for fibrosis.ResultsWe observed that hHSC synthesize ACh and acetylcholinesterase and express choline acetyltransferase and M1–M5 mAChR. We also show that M2 was increased during NASH progression, while both M2 and M3 were found upregulated in activated hHSC. Furthermore, endogenous ACh is required for hHSC basal growth. Exogenous ACh resulted in hHSC hyperproliferation via mAChR and phosphoinositide 3‐kinase and Mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) signaling pathways, as well as increased fibrogenic markers.ConclusionWe show that ACh regulates hHSC activation via M2 and M3 mAChR involving the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase and MEK pathways in vitro. Finally, we provide evidence that the PNS may be involved in human NASH fibrosis.
Aged care residents in the emergency department: the experiences of relatives
Authors: Morphet Julia , Decker Kelly , Crawford Kimberley , Innes Kelli , Williams Allison Fiona , Griffiths Debra 
Published: August 2015

Aims and objectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the experiences of relatives who had a family member in an aged care facility subsequently transferred to an emergency department.BackgroundThe provision of timely and relevant patient information is vital for assessment and management of older patients presenting to the emergency department from aged care facilities. Older people are commonly accompanied by relatives who are an important resource for emergency department staff, providing medical information and assisting with treatment decisions. Investigating the experiences of relatives may provide key information to enable improvements in the delivery of emergency department care.DesignThis study used a descriptive qualitative design.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were undertaken with 24 relatives of residents who were transferred from an aged care facility to an emergency department in Victoria, Australia in the previous three years. Inductive content analysis was used to analyse the transcripts.ResultsRelatives reflected on four main themes following their emergency department visit: The need for clear communication; The role of relatives in emergency department care; How older people are perceived in the health care system and an Ability to provide specialised care.ConclusionsMany people link their emergency department experience to the quality of communication with emergency department staff, and participants in this study felt satisfied with their visit when they were included in discussions about treatment, and their role was recognised by staff members. In contrast, participants were dissatisfied with the care provided to their family member when staff members failed to communicate with them, or recognise their role in the care of the family member.Relevance to clinical practiceThe findings of this study emphasise the importance of effective communication between emergency department staff and family members, in relation to treatment and end‐of‐life care.
Effects of Trait Self‐Control on Response Conflict About Healthy and Unhealthy Food
Authors: Gillebaart Marleen , Schneider Iris K. , De Ridder Denise T. D. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractSelf‐control leads to positive life outcomes, but it is poorly understood. While previous research has focused on self‐control failure, self‐control success remains unexplored. The current studies aim to shed more light on the mechanisms of self‐control by focusing on the resolution of response conflict as a key component in self‐control success. Trait self‐control was measured, and participants reported on the magnitude of response conflict they experienced about healthy and unhealthy foods in Study 1 (N = 146; Mage = 33.03; 59 females, 83 males, 4 unknown). The response conflict process was assessed in Study 2 (N = 118; Mage = 21.45; 68 females, 41 males, 9 unknown). Outcomes showed that self‐reported evaluative response conflict about food items was smaller for people high in trait self‐control. Study 2 revealed that higher trait self‐control predicted faster resolution of self‐control conflict, and an earlier peak of the response conflict. Taken together, these results provide insight into what makes people with high trait self‐control successful, namely, how they handle response conflict. Implications for self‐control theories and future directions are discussed.
Anxiety, depression, and oral health among US pregnant women: 2010 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
Authors: Silveira Marushka L. , Whitcomb Brian W. , Pekow Penelope , Carbone Elena T. , Chasan‐Taber Lisa 
Published: August 2015

AbstractObjectivesMaternal periodontal disease is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. Anxiety and depression adversely impact oral health in nonpregnant women; however, this association has not been evaluated during pregnancy, a time characterized by higher rates of anxiety and depression. Therefore, we examined the association between these factors and oral disease and oral healthcare utilization among 402 pregnant respondents to the 2010 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.MethodsSelf‐reported lifetime diagnoses of anxiety, depression, and current depression were assessed. Oral health outcomes included self‐reported tooth loss and dental visits in the past year.ResultsOne‐fifth (21.2 percent) of respondents reported a tooth loss and 32.5 percent reported nonuse of oral health services. The prevalence of lifetime diagnosed anxiety and depression was 13.6 percent and 11.3 percent, respectively, whereas 10.6 percent reported current depression. After adjusting for risk factors, pregnant women with diagnosed anxiety had increased odds of one or more tooth loss [odds ratio (OR) = 3.30; 95 percent confidence interval (CI): 1.01‐10.77] compared with those without the disorder. Similarly, after adjusting for socioeconomic factors, women with anxiety had increased odds of nonuse of oral health services (OR = 2.67; 95 percent CI: 1.03‐6.90); however, this was no longer significant after adjusting for health behaviors and body mass index. We observed no significant association with depression.ConclusionsIn this population‐based sample, we found a two‐ to threefold increased odds of tooth loss and nonuse of oral health services among pregnant women with a lifetime diagnosis of anxiety. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine these associations among pregnant women.
Relationship between Instrumental and Sensory Texture Profile of Bread Loaves Made with Whole‐Wheat Flour and Fat Replacer
Authors: Scheuer Patrícia Matos , Luccio Marco Di , Zibetti André Wüst , de Miranda Martha Zavariz , de Francisco Alicia 
Published: August 2015

AbstractFood texture is one of the most widely measured quality attributes during processing and consumption, being measured by instrumental and sensory means. The aims of this study were to measure the textural parameters of the crumb of 14 whole‐wheat bread loaves made with whole‐wheat flour and fat replacer using instrumental methods and a sensory trained panel, and to determine the relationship between instrumental and sensory assessments. The data of instrumental and sensory texture were individually subjected to analysis of variance and correlated using principal component analysis. The analyses showed that for both (instrumental and sensory texture), the less firm, more elastic and more cohesive bread loaves have <60% whole‐wheat flour, regardless of the content of fat replacer. The hardness attribute, measured with a texturometer, was consistent with the results of other published works and with our sensory evaluation as the matrix showed correlation coefficients with high values.Practical ApplicationsWheat bread is a common staple food around the world that can be used to deliver ingredients for specific health purposes. Diets rich in whole grain foods and low fat may be suggested to help to protect against several chronic diseases, as well as for weight management. At a pilot plant scale, it is very difficult to keep good quality standards for whole‐wheat products. Therefore, instrumental and sensory studies on loaf texture were used to perform texture profile analysis on the crumb structure of 14 different types of whole‐wheat bread loaves made with fat replacer (enzymatically modified corn starch).
Time and Frequency Domain Response of Grape Berries to Nondestructive Impact during the Harvesting Period
Authors: Trnka J. , Pavloušek P. , Nedomova Š. , Buchar J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAn experimental system was set up to generate the impact force, measure the response wave signal and analyze the frequency spectrum for detection of the behavior of grape berries at different harvest days. Seven varieties of grape berries harvested for six consecutive weeks have been tested. The response of grape berries to a nondestructive impact is studied both in time and in frequency domains. The digitalized time history of the force was analyzed to extract some mechanical characteristics (peak force, impact duration, impulse). The evaluation of the modulus of elasticity of berries using frequency response characteristics was carried out. This modulus decreases with the total sugar content. This dependence can be used for the estimation of the maturity of grape berries.Practical ApplicationsThis paper describes the use of a technique of the nondestructive impact for monitoring grape texture, particularly during ripening. It was found that the response of the grape berries to this impact measured as the time history of the surface displacement provided reliable tool to monitor the progress of grape maturity. The described method could also be used to highlight important information on grape evolution during ripening including their composition (total sugar content) and help to provide better insight on the choice of the preferred/ideal harvest date. Owing to the available computer techniques, this method enables testing much more number of berries in comparison with classical methods of the evaluation of grape's mechanical properties.