bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L'amélioration des pâturages et du bétail bovin dans les régions tchadiennes, au Sud du Sahara (Diamaré, Logone-Chari, Mandara)
Authors: Vaillant A. 
Published: February 2014

L'amélioration des pâturages, la sélection du bétail et la lutte anti-parasitaire dans les régions tchadiennes au Sud du Sahara, constituent des facteurs de coordination nécessaires et indispensables pour augmenter la production de viande et de lait.
Le système d'élevage extensif rend difficile cependant l'application de méthodes rationnelles d'élevage.
En raison d'une saison sèche très longue, de six à sept mois, il convient d'assurer tout d'abord la permanence des pâturages.
Diverses mesures doivent être mises en œuvre :
— Assolement des graminées fourragères dans le cycle des cultures.
— Ensilage des graminées pendant la saison des pluies.
— Aménagement des pâturages inondés par les crues (yaérés).
L'eau conditionne toute vie, animale et végétale, dans ces régions arides. Un système d'assolement, Riz-Coton-Pâturages, devrait permettre, avec la maîtrise de l'eau, une mise en valeur rationnelle des terres alluvionnaires du Chari et du Logone.
Au point de vue amélioration raciale du Zébu, une large part doit être faite à la sélection contrôlée (choix des taureaux, éliminations des non-valeurs, surveillance des saillies...).
Les croisements de races doivent être suivis dans le milieu africain pour éviter toute sensibilisation des races rustiques et résistantes aux maladies et parasites.
Enfin la lutte anti-parasitaire doit assurer les gains acquis dans l'alimentation et la sélection raciale. Elle doit être mené par des organismes spécialisés et équipés de moyens suffisants pour être efficace.
La production de la viande de bœuf étant nettement insuffisante en Afrique Tropicale française, des investissements importants seront nécessaires pour améliorer la rentabilité du bétail bovin du Tchad dans les années à venir.
PREVENTION OF Β THALASSEMIA IN NORTHERN ISRAEL - A COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS.
Authors: Koren Ariel , Profeta Lora , Zalman Luci , Palmor Haya , Levin Carina , Bril Zamir Ronit , Shalev Stavit , Blondheim Orna 
Published: February 2014

Background:β Thalassemia major is characterized by hemolytic anemia, ineffectiveerythropoiesis and hemosiderosis. About 4 % of the world population carries a Thalassemiagene. Management includes blood transfusions and iron chelation, this treatmentis costly and population screening may be significantly more cost benefit. Purpose: Thepurpose of the current study is to analyze the cost of running a preventionprogram for β Thalassemia in Israel and compare it to the actual expensesincurred by treating Thalassemia patients. Methods: Threecost parameters were analyzed and compared: The prevention program, routinetreatment of patients and treatment of complications. An estimation of theexpenses needed to treat patients that present with complications werecalculated based on our ongoing experience in treatment of deterioratingpatients. Results andConclusions: The cost of preventing one affected newborn was $63,660 comparedto $1,971,380 for treatment of a patient during 50 years (mean annual cost: $39,427). Thus, the prevention of 45 affectednewborns over a ten years period represents a net saving of $88.5 million tothe health budget. Even after deducting the cost of the prevention program ($413.795/yr.), the program still represents abenefit of $ 76 million over ten years. Each prevented case could pay thescreening and prevention program for 4.6 ys.
Knowledge and attitudes of nurses in community health centres about electronic medical records
Authors: O'Mahony Don , Wright Graham , Yogeswaran Parimalarani , Govere Frederick 
Published: February 2014

Background: Nurses in primary healthcare record data for the monitoring and evaluation of diseases and services. Information and communications technology (ICT) can improve quality in healthcare by providing quality medical records. However, worldwide, the majority of health ICT projects have failed. Individual user acceptance is a crucial factor in successful ICT implementation.Objectives: The aim of this study is to explore nurses’ knowledge, attitudes and perceptions regarding ICT so as to inform the future implementation of electronic medical record (EMR) systems.Methods: A qualitative design was used. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with nurses at three community health centres (CHCs) in the King Sabata Dalyindyebo Local Municipality. The interview guide was informed by the literature on user acceptance of ICT. Interviews were recorded and analysed using content analysis.Results: Many nurses knew about health ICT and articulated clearly the potential benefits of an EMR such as fewer errors, more complete records, easier reporting and access to information. They thought that an EMR system would solve the challenges they identified with the current paper-based record system, including duplication of data, misfiling, lack of a chronological patient record, excessive time in recording and reduced time for patient care. For personal ICT needs, approximately half used cellphone Internet-based services and computers.Conclusions: In this study, nurses identified many challenges with the current recording methods. They thought that an EMR should be installed at CHCs. Their knowledge about EMR, positive attitudes to ICT and personal use of ICT devices increase the likelihood of successful EMR implementation at CHCs.
Influence of age and gender on presentation of symptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Shah VN , Bhadada SK , Bhansali A , Behera A , Mittal BR , Bhavin V 
Published: February 2014

Background:
The geographical difference in presentation of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is known. However, there is sparse literature on the influence of age and gender on presentation of PHPT.

Aim:
To analyze the effect of age and gender on presentation of symptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism.

Setting and Design:
This is a retrospective analysis of data from the primary hyperparathyroidism registry of a north Indian tertiary care teaching institute.

Materials and Methods:
Analysis of 184 histopathologically proven PHPT patients registered between March 1990 and March 2010 from a single centre of north India. PHPT patients were divided into three different age groups i.e. children and adolescents less than 25 years, adults 25-49 years, and ≥ 50 years. Clinical presentations, biochemical parameters and parathyroid weight were compared between different age groups and gender using appropriate statistical methods.

Results:
Mean age of patients was 38.5±13.8 years with female: male ratio of 7:3. Rickets as presenting manifestations were seen in one child and adolescent each. Prevalence of renal stones (P=0.03) and gall stones (P=0.02) was higher in the adult groups compared to the younger and older. There was no difference in bone pain (P=0.7), fracture (P=0.3), osteitis fibrosa cystica (P=0.2), fatigue (P=0.6) and other symptoms among different age groups. There was no difference in serum calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and 25 (OH) D levels among different age groups, however, as expected alkaline phosphatase was higher in adolescents compared to adults (P=0.03). Bone pain and muscle aches (P<0.001), fracture (P=0.04), osteitis fibrosa cystica (P=0.01), and gall stones (P=0.03) were more common among women while renal stones (P=0.05) and pancreatitis (P=0.02) were common in men. Serum calcium and phosphate levels were similar in either sex but parathyroid hormone (iPTH) level was higher among women (P=0.02). Parathyroid adenoma weight was higher in older compared to young but did not reach to a level of statistical significance.

Conclusion:
Age and gender have substantial influence on presentation of PHPT. Bone pain and rickets were common in children and adolescents while renal stones in adults. Women have more severe disease as musculoskeletal manifestations are common and iPTH levels are also higher compared to men.
A meta-analysis comparing the safety and efficacy of azithromycin over the alternate drugs used for treatment of uncomplicated enteric fever
Authors: Trivedi NA , Shah PC 
Published: February 2014

Background:
Drug-resistant typhoid fever is a major clinical problem globally. Emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) S. Typhi has complicated therapy by limiting treatment options.

Objectives:
A meta-analysis was planned to determine the strength of evidence supporting use of azithromycin over the alternate drugs available for treatment of uncomplicated typhoid fever.

Materials and Methods:
Studies were identified using electronic database such as MEDLINE and other data at the National Library of Medicine assessed using PUBMED search engine as well as Cochrane Clinical Trial Register. Randomized control trials (RCTs) comparing azithromycin with chloramphenicol, fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins in culture-proven enteric fever were included. Data was extracted and methodological quality was assessed. Risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals was estimated for the dichotomous outcomes and mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence was estimated for continuous data. Primary outcomes studied were clinical failure (CF), microbiological failure, and relapse.

Results:
A total of seven RCTs involving 773 patients met with our inclusion criteria. In comparison to older fluoroquinolones, azithromycin is marginally better in reducing the chance of CF with RR 0.46 (95% CI 0.25-0.82), while in comparison to ceftriaxone, it significantly reduced the chance of relapse with RR 0.1 (95% CI 0.01- 0.76). There were no serious adverse events reported in any of the trials.

Conclusion:
Azithromycin can be recommended as a second-line drug in MDR typhoid fever, however, large trials involving pediatric age group patients are recommended to arrive at a definite conclusion.
Self-medication practice among undergraduate medical students in a tertiary care medical college, West Bengal
Authors: Banerjee I , Bhadury T 
Published: February 2014

Background:
Self-medication is a widely prevalent practice in India. It assumes a special significance among medical students as they are the future medical practitioners. Aim: To assess the pattern of self-medication practice among undergraduate medical students.

Settings and Design:
Tertiary care medical college in West Bengal, India.

Material and Methods:
A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted among the undergraduate medical students.

Results:
Out of 500 students of the institute, 482 consented for the study and filled in the supplied questionnaire. Fourteen incomplete questionnaires were excluded and the remaining 468 analyzed. It was found that 267 (57.05%) respondents practiced self-medication. The principal morbidities for seeking self-medication included cough and common cold as reported by 94 students (35.21%) followed by diarrhea (68 students) (25.47%), fever (42 students) (15.73%), headache (40 students) (14.98%) and pain abdomen due to heartburn/ peptic ulcer (23 students) (8.61%). Drugs/ drug groups commonly used for self-medication included antibiotics (31.09%) followed by analgesics (23.21%), antipyretics (17.98%), antiulcer agents (8.99%), cough suppressant (7.87%), multivitamins (6.37%) and antihelminthics (4.49%). Among reasons for seeking self-medication, 126 students (47.19%) felt that their illness was mild while 76 (28.46%) preferred as it is time-saving. About 42 students (15.73%) cited cost-effectiveness as the primary reason while 23 (8.62%) preferred because of urgency.

Conclusion:
Our study shows that self-medication is widely practiced among students of the institute. In this situation, faculties should create awareness and educate their students regarding advantages and disadvantages of self-medication.
Comparison of the Lysis Centrifugation Method with the Conventional Blood Culture Method in Cases of Sepsis in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Parikh Harshal R , De Anuradha S , Baveja Sujata M 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Physicians and microbiologists have long recognized that the presence of living microorganisms in the blood of a patient carries with it considerable morbidity and mortality. Hence, blood cultures have become critically important and frequently performed test in clinical microbiology laboratories for diagnosis of sepsisObjectives: To compare the conventional blood culture method with the lysis centrifugation method in cases of sepsis.Materials and Methods: Two hundred nonduplicate blood cultures from cases of sepsis were analyzed using two blood culture methods concurrently for recovery of bacteria from patients diagnosed clinically with sepsis – the conventional blood culture method using trypticase soy broth and the lysis centrifugation method using saponin by centrifuging at 3000 g for 30 minutes.Results: Overall bacteria recovered from 200 blood cultures were 17.5%. The conventional blood culture method had a higher yield of organisms, especially Gram positive cocci. The lysis centrifugation method was comparable with the former method with respect to Gram negative bacilli. The sensitivity of lysis centrifugation method in comparison to conventional blood culture method was 49.75% in this study, specificity was 98.21% and diagnostic accuracy was 89.5%. In almost every instance, the time required for detection of the growth was earlier by lysis centrifugation method, which was statistically significant. Contamination by lysis centrifugation was minimal, while that by conventional method was high. Time to growth by the lysis centrifugation method was highly significant (P value 0.000) as compared to time to growth by the conventional blood culture method.Conclusion: For the diagnosis of sepsis, combination of the lysis centrifugation method and the conventional blood culture method with trypticase soy broth or biphasic media is advocable, in order to achieve faster recovery and a better yield of microorganisms.
Blood Donation in Nigeria: Standard of the Donated Blood
Authors: Benedict Nwogoh , Augustina Awodu Omolade , Nosakhare Bazuaye Godwin 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT
Objective: The objective was to determine the basic hematological parameters of remunerated blood donors in Benin City and to compare them with those of voluntary donors.
Materials and Methods: This is a prospective study conducted in a tertiary health facility in Benin City. Pretransfusion samples were obtained from blood bags after gentle mixing and analyzed for hematological parameters. Samples were analyzed using the hematology autoanalyzer MODEL SYSMEX KN21.
Result: A total of 215 samples were obtained comprising 160 remunerated (paid) and 55 voluntary donor samples. In the paid donors, the mean hemoglobin concentration (Hb) and hematocrit (HCT) 7.7±2.9 and 28.8±8.5 respectively. This was significantly lower than those of voluntary donors who had 13.9±1.2 and 42.2±3.3 with P < 0.001. The mean values of the red cell counts (RBC), white cell counts (WBC), mean cell volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were significantly lower in paid donors as P-values were <0.001. MCV was significantly low but not compared to the other parameters as P=0.04. There was no significant difference in the platelet count.
Conclusion: Paid donors in Benin City have significantly lower hematological parameters than controls.
Spinal Tuberculosis (Pott's disease) Mimicking Paravertebral Malignant Tumor in a Child Presenting with Spinal Cord Compression
Authors: Emir Suna , Erdem Arzu Y , Demir Hacı A , Kaçar Ayper , Tunç Bahattin 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTParavertebral tumors may interfere with the radiological and clinical features of spinal tuberculosis. We report a case of a 3-year-old boy with spinal tuberculosis who was initially misdiagnosed as having a paraspinal tumor. The diagnosis of tuberculosis was made on the basis of intraoperative findings and confirmed by histopathology. This case highlights the importance of awareness of the different radiographic features of spinal tuberculosis, which can mimic a spinal malignancy. In order to avoid delayed diagnosis, pediatricians and radiologists must be aware of spinal tuberculosis, which may interfere with other clinical conditions.
Rapid Identification and Drug Susceptibility Testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Standard Operating Procedure for Non-Commercial Assays: Part 3: Colorimetric Redox Indicator Assay v1.3.12
Authors: Singh Sarman , Kumar Parveen , Sharma Shreya , Mumbowa Francis , Martin Anandi , Durier Nicolas 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThe previous two standard operating procedures (SOPs) related to the culture and drug susceptibility testing (DST) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with the microscopic observation drug susceptibility assay (Part 1) and nitrate reductase assay (Part 2). The present SOP is devoted to a third non-commercial culture and DST method known as colorimetric redox indicator assay (CRI). As its name indicates, the CRI detects the ability of the M. tuberculosis to reduce the colored oxidation-reduction indicator when added to a liquid culture of M. tuberculosis, after exposing the growth to different anti-mycobacterial drugs. The change in the color of the indicator denotes the proportionate number of viable Mycobacteria in the medium. The identification and DST results can be obtained in 7-8 days. This SOP document has been developed through the culture and DST subgroup of the STOP tuberculosis (TB) Partnership New Diagnostic Working Group. It is intended for laboratories that would want to use or already use this rapid non-commercial method for culture identification and DST of M. tuberculosis, notably in resource-constraint settings in Asia and Africa.
Corneal Pachymetry measured with Pentacam and CorvisST in Normal and Keratoconic Eyes
Authors: González-Méijome Jose M , Lopes-Ferreira Daniela , Rico-del-Viejo Laura , Neves Patrícia , Ferreira Helena , Salgado-Borges José 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To evaluate the agreement of pachymetry data provided by a new instrument to measure intraocular pressure (IOP) and the corneal biomechanical response with the values provided by Pentacam in healthy and keratoconic eyes.

Methods
Fifty-four right eyes from 54 healthy patients (32 females, 22 males) and 82 eyes from 43 keratoconus patients (20 females, 23 males) were included in the study. All patients were evaluated with Pentacam and CorvisST (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany) in random order in the same session. CorvisCCT was compared to Pentacam pachymetry in at the corneal center (PentacamCCT) and at the thinnest point (PentacamMinCT).

Results
Average pachymetry provided by CorvisST was 534 ± 34 microns in the healthy population and 476 ± 56 microns in the population with keratoconus. Pachymetric values obtained with Pentacam were highly correlated between them as well as with the Corvis value in both groups, but the correlation coefficients were higher in the healthy group.

Conclusion
Corvis pachymetry can be used interchangeably with Pentacam thinnest point pachymetry in healthy corneas. However, in keratoconic corneas, the difference between both parameters will be higher as the disease progresses and increases the difference between Pentacam pachymetry at cornea center and at the thinnest point.

How to cite this article
González-Méijome JM, Lopes-Ferreira D, Rico-del-Viejo L, Neves P, Ferreira H, Salgado-Borges J. Corneal Pachymetry measured with Pentacam and CorvisST in Normal and Keratoconic Eyes. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2013;2(3):104-107.
Double Descemet Membrane Forming a Double Anterior Chamber
Authors: Graffi Shmuel , Naftali Modi 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To report a case of double descemet membrane forming a double anterior chamber following ‘Big bubble’ DALK converted to PKP.

Results
A 52-year-old man with keratoconus underwent DALK operation converted to PKP due to macro perforation of the descemet membrane. On the postoperative evaluation a remnant of the host's descemet membrane formed a double anterior chamber. After a few months with no intervention, an attempt to deflect a thickened descemet membrane had failed, making entrance into the anterior chamber in order to excise the membrane inevitable. Two years following the second surgery a graft endothelial failure and cataract formation was documented, leading to a second corneal transplantation and lens implantation.

Conclusion
Double DM is an unusual condition following a DALK procedure which was converted into PKP. In the above case this complication resulted in multiple procedures and graft failure. We believe that early interventions such as gas injection or YAG laser could have resulted in a more favorable outcome.

How to cite this article
Graffi S, Naftali M. Double Descemet Membrane Forming a Double Anterior Chamber. J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2013;2(3):129-132.
Corneal Neovascularization and Lipid Keratopathy after Intacs SK in Keratoconus
Authors: Barbara Ramez , Zadok David , Barbara Adel , Gutfreund Shay 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT
Intacs have yielded positive results for the treatment of keratoconus in terms of reducing the keratometry readings astigmatism and spherical equivalent and consequently improving the uncorrected and best corrected visual acuity. Intacs severe keratoconus (SK) are new design of Intacs with a smaller optical zone (6 mm) and oval shape, they are indicated for severe keratocnus.
Pannus is one of the complications of Intacs, as it has never been reported after Intacs SK.
We report on corneal neovascularization in the corneal periphery which developed few months after Intacs SK implantation in the cornea of a young female who suffered from advanced keratoconus. The uncorrected visual (UCVA) acuity was satisfactory and the Intacs SK where not removed. Four years after the implantation she presented to our clinic complaining about eye irritation and photophobia, lipid keratopathy was observed.
We gave here the choice of explanting the Intacs SK or to try to treat the neovascularization by subconjunctival Avastin, she preferred the second option because of a satisfactory UCVA (0.9).
Avastin was injected in the subconjunctival, 10 weeks later Avastin and Kenelog were injected in the subconjunctival, few days after the second injection perforation and melting developed in the cornea, the patient underwent a tectonic graft and few months later penetrating keratoplasty with no intraoperative or postoperative complications.

How to cite this article
Barbara A, Zadok D, Gutfreund S, Barbara R. Corneal Neovascularization and Lipid Keratopathy after Intacs SK in Keratoconus. J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2013;2(3):133-138.
Cognitive Changes in Menopause
Authors: Banu Laila Arjumand 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT
During menopause, women undergo many changes in their mind and body, building a sense of insecurity. Though the main symptoms are Hot flushes, osteoporosis, cardiovascular and urogenital, but the cognitive functions, like speeching tasks, processing of unfamiliar information, complex problem solving, delayed recall, mental flexibility, and perceptional manipulation tasks, tend to decline. This decline is lesser in women, who have been more mentally and physically active in their youth.

How to cite this article
Banu LA. Cognitive Changes in Menopause. J South Asian Feder Menopause Soc 2013;1(2):80-81.