bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The individual in multiple interacting activity systems: IT-supported diabetes management
Authors: Waycott Jenny , Scheepers Rens , Davis Hilary , Howard Steve , Sonenberg Liz 
Published: October 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine how pregnant women with type 1 diabetes integrate new information technology (IT) into their health management activities, using activity theory as an analytical framework.Design/methodology/approach– The research is a multiple case design, based on interviews with 15 women with type 1 diabetes who were pregnant, considering pregnancy, or had recently given birth. A thematic analysis, sensitised by activity theory, was used to analyse the data.Findings– Health management in this setting involves negotiations and contradictions across boundaries of interacting activities. Participants play an active role in managing their health and using new IT tools in particular ways to support their health management. Using new technologies creates both opportunities and challenges. IT-enabled healthcare devices and other information systems open up new treatment possibilities, but also generate new contradictions between interacting activity systems.Research limitations/implications– The research was conducted with a small sample in a specific context of health management. Further research is needed to extend the findings to other contexts.Practical implications– Healthcare providers need to accommodate a bottom-up approach to the adoption and use of new technologies in settings where empowered patients play an active role in managing their health.Originality/value– The findings highlight opportunities to further develop activity theory to accommodate the central role that individuals play in resolving inherent contradictions and achieving alignment between multiple interacting activity systems when incorporating new IT tools into health management activities.
Building a corporate identity using corporate social responsibility: a website based study of Indian banks
Authors: Fatma Mobin , Rahman Zillur 
Published: October 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore the importance of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the formation of corporate identity. This paper examines the role of CSR activities performed by the banks through the analysis of information displayed on the websites and annual reports of the bank.Design/methodology/approach– A content analysis approach has been applied and supported by the quantitative measures to identify the weightage of every dimension.Findings– The findings show that in India most of the banks are using CSR practices in their operations and communicating all this information with the help of their websites. The dimensions and sub-dimensions are classified on the basis of stakeholder’s actions. Results reveal that banks are more concerned about their stakeholders and consider them in their corporate statements which help them to build their distinctive identity.Research limitations/implications– The results are limited to only Indian banks, which cannot be applied in other financial sectors.Social implications– This study has implications for those organizations that are planning to have policies and practices on CSR.Originality/value– This kind of study is not available in the Indian context, so it will be helpful in generating the awareness and importance of CSR practices in building corporate identity.
CSR in SMEs: an analysis of donor-financed management tools
Authors: Lund-Thomsen Peter , Jamali Dima , Vives Antonio 
Published: October 2014

Purpose– This paper aims to analyze the potential and limitations of donor-financed management tools that seek to promote corporate social responsibility (CSR) in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in developing countries. Drawing on key insights from three streams of literature relating to institutional theory, critical perspectives on CSR in developing countries and the literature on CSR and SMEs in the developing world, the potential and limits of donor-financed management tools aimed at promoting CSR in developing country SMEs are analyzed.Design/methodology/approach– Using official UN and Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development lists of all multilateral and bilateral donor agencies, 38 donors that might have produced such CSR tools were identified. The authors contacted them via e-mail and/or telephone, and conducted an extensive Internet search with the aim of identifying whether they had developed management tools aimed at promoting CSR in SMEs in developing countries. The authors then scrutinized the contents of the 11 tools identified and examined the extent to which these tools accord attention to contextual differences and specific peculiarities of institutional environments in developing countries; the extent to which these tools account for the silent or sunken aspects of CSR which have been prominently highlighted in the SME – CSR literature; and the extent to which these tools accord attention to the paramount concern for poverty alleviation in developing countries.Findings– Overall, the analysis testifies to the continued predominant orientation of these tools to the context of larger firms in developed countries, with insufficient tailoring or customization to the specific realities of SMEs in the South.Research limitations/implications– In-depth interviews with aid agency personnel, SMEs, workers or community members were not conducted. Hence, this study should be seen as an initial, exploratory desk study of the potential and limits of management tools aimed at promoting CSR in SMEs in the developing world.Practical implications– It is suggested that donor agencies could develop such tools in a bottom-up fashion by first mapping the silent CSR practices of SMEs in developing countries and then use this as a basis for strengthening existing CSR activities in SMEs instead of trying to impose new priorities from the outside. This might enhance the local relevance and applicability of these management tools.Originality/value– The study is likely to be the first analysis of the potential and limits of management tools that are developed by donor agencies with the aim of promoting CSR in SMEs in developing countries.
Building social sustainability: multi-stakeholder processes and conflict management
Authors: Galuppo Laura , Gorli Mara , Scaratti Giuseppe , Kaneklin Cesare 
Published: October 2014

Purpose– The aim of the paper is to investigate social sustainability by focussing on the stakeholder theory and by presenting specific levers and capabilities for building more socially sustainable organizations.Design/methodology/approach– The paper is based on the analysis of recent academic and managerial literature. Through comparing theoretical and methodological perspectives from multiple authors, a specific theoretical and methodological viewpoint based on the stakeholder theory is proposed.Findings– The paper discusses the idea that building socially sustainable organisations requires the management of multi-stakeholder processes that are physiologically conflicting and that often create paradoxical tensions. Participative settings of action and reflection and capabilities as reflexivity and “paradoxical thinking” are proposed as key levers for dealing with multi-stakeholders processes towards a more socially sustainable organizing.Research limitations/implications– This paper raises reflections focussed on the “social pillar” of sustainability and does not consider different types of organizations in different multi-stakeholders processes. Such a perspective does not exhaust the variety of cases and research studies that could be considered in the field and further developed.Originality/value– The value of the paper is in its construction of a framework for both research and practical purposes in the domain of management and sustainability. The work also attempts to link the concepts of reflexivity and paradox to a methodological proposal for leading the organizational journey towards social sustainability.
Simultaneously estimating evolutionary history and repeated traits phylogenetic signal: applications to viral and host phenotypic evolution
Authors: Vrancken Bram , Lemey Philippe , Rambaut Andrew , Bedford Trevor , Longdon Ben , Günthard Huldrych F. , Suchard Marc A. 
Published: October 2014

Summary

Phylogenetic signal quantifies the degree to which resemblance in continuously valued traits reflects phylogenetic relatedness. Measures of phylogenetic signal are widely used in ecological and evolutionary research and are recently gaining traction in viral evolutionary studies. Standard estimators of phylogenetic signal frequently condition on data summary statistics of the repeated trait observations and fixed phylogenetics trees, resulting in information loss and potential bias.

To incorporate the observation process and phylogenetic uncertainty in a model‐based approach, we develop a novel Bayesian inference method to simultaneously estimate the evolutionary history and phylogenetic signal from molecular sequence data and repeated multivariate traits. Our approach builds upon a phylogenetic diffusion framework that models continuous trait evolution as a Brownian motion process and incorporates Pagel's λ transformation parameter to estimate dependence among traits. We provide a computationally efficient inference implementation in the BEAST software package.

We evaluate the synthetic performance of the Bayesian estimator of phylogenetic signal against standard estimators and demonstrate the use of our coherent framework to address several virus‐host evolutionary questions, including virulence heritability for HIV, antigenic evolution in influenza and HIV, and Drosophila sensitivity to sigma virus infection. Finally, we discuss model extensions that will make useful contributions to our flexible framework for simultaneously studying sequence and trait evolution.
Obesity and gambling: neurocognitive and clinical associations
Authors: Grant J. E. , Derbyshire K. , Leppink E. , Chamberlain S. R. 
Published: October 2014

ObjectiveResearch on health correlates in gamblers has found an association between gambling and obesity. The neurocognitive underpinnings of impulsivity may be useful targets for understanding and ultimately treating individuals with both gambling and obesity problems.Method207 non‐treatment seeking young adults (18–29 years) with subsyndromal gambling disorder were recruited from the community. Subjects were grouped according to weight (‘normal weight’ BMI < 25, ‘overweight’ BMI ≥ 25; or ‘obese’ BMI ≥ 30). Measures relating to gambling behaviour and objective computerized neurocognitive measures were collected.ResultsOf the 207 subjects, 22 (10.6%) were obese and 49 (23.7%) were overweight. The obese gamblers consumed more nicotine (packs per day equivalent) and reported losing more money per week to gambling. Obese gamblers exhibited significant impairments in terms of reaction times for go trials on the stop‐signal test (SST), quality of decision making and risk adjustment on the Cambridge Gamble Test (CGT), and sustained attention on the rapid visual information processing task (RVP).ConclusionObesity was associated with decision making and sustained attention impairments in gamblers, along with greater monetary loss due to gambling. Future work should use longitudinal designs to examine the temporal relationship between these deficits, weight, other impulsive behaviour, and functional impairment.
Impact of CD4+ Lymphocytes and HIV Infection on Anti‐Müllerian Hormone Levels in a Large Cohort of HIV‐infected and HIV‐uninfected Women
Authors: Scherzer Rebecca , Bacchetti Peter , Messerlian Geralyn , Goderre Johanna , Maki Pauline M. , Seifer David B. , Anastos Kathryn , Karim Roksana , Greenblatt Ruth M. 
Published: October 2014

ProblemEffects of HIV infection on ovarian function and aging are unclear.Method of studyAnti‐Müllerian Hormone (AMH) levels were analyzed in 2621 HIV‐infected and 941 uninfected participants using left‐censored longitudinal models.ResultsAge‐adjusted AMH levels were 16% lower in women with undetectable viraemia and 26% lower in detectable viraemia, relative to uninfected women. Current CD4 count associated with higher AMH in both HIV‐infected and HIV‐uninfected women. After controlling for current and nadir CD4, AMH was ~15% higher in HIV‐infected relative to uninfected women, regardless of HIV viraemia. Gravidity, amenorrhea, and nadir total lymphocyte counts associated with higher AMH; hormonal contraceptive use and past weight loss associated with lower AMH.ConclusionsCD4 + lymphocyte counts were associated with AMH in both HIV‐infected and uninfected women. After adjustment for CD4 counts and age, HIV infection was associated with higher AMH. CD4 T cells and cellular activation may influence ovarian granulosa cell function.
Prolonged remission from hepatic encephalopathy with rifaximin: results of a placebo crossover analysis
Authors: Bajaj J. S. , Barrett A. C. , Bortey E. , Paterson C. , Forbes W. P. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryBackgroundRifaximin therapy reduced risk of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) recurrence and HE‐related hospitalisations during a 6‐month, randomised, placebo‐controlled trial (RCT) and a 24‐month open‐label maintenance (OLM) study. However, the impact of crossover from placebo to rifaximin therapy is unclear.AimTo study the impact of crossing over from placebo to rifaximin treatment on breakthrough HE and hospitalisation rates using a within‐subjects design.MethodsAdults with cirrhosis and history of overt HE episodes, currently in HE remission, received placebo during the RCT and crossed over to rifaximin 550 mg twice daily during the OLM study. Rate of breakthrough overt HE episodes, hospitalisations and incidence and rate of adverse events (AEs) were analysed during RCT and first 6 months of OLM.ResultsOf 82 patients randomised to placebo in the RCT who crossed over to the OLM study, 39 experienced an HE episode during the RCT compared with 14 during the OLM study (P < 0.0001). Significantly lower rates of HE events were observed with rifaximin treatment compared with placebo treatment (P < 0.0001). Rates of HE‐related hospitalisation were numerically lower during rifaximin treatment compared with placebo treatment, although not significant. Rates of most common AEs, serious AEs and infection‐related AEs were similar between the two treatments.ConclusionsThis analysis confirms the repeatability of results from the RCT on safety and efficacy of rifaximin 550 mg twice daily in reducing the risk of hepatic encephalopathy recurrence, and suggests these findings are translatable outside of a rigorous, controlled trial setting.
Cigarette smoking during external beam radiation therapy for prostate cancer is associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer‐specific mortality and treatment‐related toxicity
Authors: Steinberger Emily , Kollmeier Marisa , McBride Sean , Novak Caroline , Pei Xin , Zelefsky Michael J. 
Published: October 2014

ObjectiveTo evaluate whether a history of smoking or smoking during therapy after external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) for clinically localised prostate cancer is associated with increased treatment‐related toxicity or disease progression.Patients and MethodsOf 2358 patients receivingEBRTfor prostate cancer between 1988 and 2005, 2156 had chart‐recorded smoking histories. Patients were classified as ‘never smokers’, ‘current smokers’, ‘former smokers’, and ‘current smoking unknown’. Variables considered included quantity of tobacco use in pack‐years, duration of smoking, and, for former smokers, how long before initiation ofRTthe patient quit smoking, when available. The medianEBRTdose was 8100 Gy and the median follow‐up was 95 months. Toxicity was graded according to the National Cancer Institute's Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events.ResultsCurrent smoking significantly increased the risks of both prostate‐specific antigen relapse [hazard ratio (HR) 1.4,P= 0.02] and distant metastases (HR2.37,P< 0.001), as well as prostate cancer‐specific death (HR2.25,P< 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that smoking was also associated with increased risk ofEBRT‐related genitourinary toxicities (current smoker,HR1.8,P= 0.02; former smoker,HR1.45,P= 0.01). Smoking did not increase gastrointestinal toxicity.ConclusionsCurrent smokers with prostate cancer are at increased risk of biochemical recurrence, distant metastasis, and prostate cancer‐related mortality after definitiveRTto the prostate. Current and former smokers, regardless of duration and quantity of exposure, are at an increased risk of long‐term genitourinary toxicity afterEBRT. Oncologists should encourage patients to participate in smoking‐cessation programmes before therapy to potentially lower their risk of relapsing disease and post‐treatment toxicities.
Activation of TRPV1 attenuates high salt‐induced cardiac hypertrophy through improvement of mitochondrial function
Authors: Lang Hongmei , Li Qiang , Yu Hao , Li Peng , Lu Zongshi , Xiong Shiqiang , Yang Tao , Zhao Yu , Huang Xiaohu , Gao Peng , Zhang Hexuan , Shang Qianhui , Liu Daoyan , Zhu Zhiming 
Published: October 2014

Background and PurposeHigh‐salt diet induces cardiac remodelling and leads to heart failure, which is closely related to cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiac dysfunction. We investigated whether activation of TRP vanilloid (subtype 1) (TRPV1) channels by dietary capsaicin can, by ameliorating cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction, prevent high‐salt diet‐induced cardiac hypertrophy.Experimental ApproachMale wild‐type (WT) and TRPV1−/− mice were fed a normal or high‐salt diet with or without capsaicin for 6 months. Their cardiac parameters and endurance capacity were assessed. Mitochondrial respiration and oxygen consumption were measured using high‐resolution respirometry. The expression levels of TRPV1, sirtuin 3 and NDUFA9 were detected in cardiac cells and tissues.Key ResultsChronic high‐salt diet caused cardiac hypertrophy and reduced physical activity in mice; both effects were ameliorated by capsaicin intake in WT but not in TRPV1−/− mice. TRPV1 knockout or high‐salt diet significantly jeopardized the proficiency of mitochondrial Complex I oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and reduced Complex I enzyme activity. Chronic dietary capsaicin increased cardiac mitochondrial sirtuin 3 expression, the proficiency of Complex I OXPHOS, ATP production and Complex I enzyme activity in a TRPV1‐dependent manner.Conclusions and ImplicationsTRPV1 activation by dietary capsaicin can antagonize high‐salt diet‐mediated cardiac lesions by ameliorating its deleterious effect on the proficiency of Complex I OXPHOS. TRPV1‐mediated amendment of mitochondrial dysfunction may represent a novel target for management of early cardiac dysfunction.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Chinese Innovation in Cardiovascular Drug Discovery. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2015.172.issue-23
Family Conflict, Mood, and Adolescents' Daily School Problems: Moderating Roles of Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms
Authors: Timmons Adela C. , Margolin Gayla 
Published: October 2014

Using daily diary data, this study examined cross‐day associations between family conflict and school problems and tested mediating effects of daily negative mood and moderating effects of psychological symptoms. For 2 weeks, parents and adolescents (N = 106; Mage = 15.4) reported daily conflict; adolescents reported daily negative mood and school problems. Results indicated bidirectional, multiday spillover between parent–adolescent conflict and school problems with daily negative mood statistically accounting for spillover both within and across days. Externalizing symptoms strengthened links between father–adolescent conflict and school problems, whereas depressive and anxious symptoms strengthened links between parent–adolescent conflict and daily negative mood. By demonstrating cross‐domain transmission of daily problems, these findings highlight the salience of everyday events as possible intervention targets.
Family Income Dynamics, Early Childhood Education and Care, and Early Child Behavior Problems in Norway
Authors: Zachrisson Henrik D. , Dearing Eric 
Published: October 2014

The sociopolitical context of Norway includes low poverty rates and universal access to subsidized and regulated Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC). In this context, the association between family income dynamics and changes in early child behavior problems was investigated, as well as whether high‐quality ECEC buffers children from the effects of income dynamics. In a population‐based sample (N = 75,296), within‐family changes in income‐to‐needs predicted changes in externalizing and internalizing problems (from ages 18 to 36 months), particularly for lower income children. For internalizing problems, ECEC buffered the effect of income‐to‐needs changes. These findings lend further support to the potential benefits of ECEC for children from lower income families.
Methodological Issues in Studying Trigger Factors and Premonitory Features of Migraine
Authors: Lipton Richard B. , Pavlovic Jelena M. , Haut Sheryl R. , Grosberg Brian M. , Buse Dawn C. 
Published: October 2014

ObjectiveIn this review, we focus on migraine as a chronic disorder with episodic attacks (CDEA). We aim to review methodological approaches to studying trigger factors and premonitory features that often precede a migraine attack.BackgroundMigraine attacks are sometimes initiated by trigger factors, exposures which increase the probability of an attack. They are heralded by premonitory features, symptoms which warn of an impending attack.Design/MethodsWe review candidate predictors of migraine attack and discuss the methodological issues and approaches to studying attack prediction and suggest that electronic diaries may be the method of choice.ConclusionEstablishing the relationship between antecedent events and headaches is a formidable challenge. Successfully addressing this challenge should provide insights into disease mechanisms and lead to new strategies for treatment. In the second paper in this series, we review the available literature on trigger factors and premonitory features.