bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sobrepeso y obesidad en escolares y adolescentes del área urbana de la ciudad de Riobamba, Ecuador
Authors: Ramos-Padilla Patricio David , Carpio-Arias Tannia Valeria , Delgado-López Verónica Carlina , Villavicencio-Barriga Verónica Dayana 
Published: April 2015

Introducción: Determinar la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en estudiantes escolares y adolescentes del área Urbana de la ciudad de Riobamba.Material y Métodos: Se estudiaron 3.680 estudiantes entre 5 y 19 años, 1.581 escolares y 2.099 adolescentes matriculados en 65 unidades de educación básica y bachillerato. Las variables estudiadas fueron: tipo de establecimiento educativo, sexo, edad, peso, talla. Para el diagnóstico del estado nutricional se utilizó el Índice de Masa Corporal para edad y se empleó los patrones de referencia de la OMS-2007. Los escolares y adolescentes cuya desviación estándar se encontraron <–2 se consideraron con delgadez, entre –2 y +1 con peso normal, >+1 a +2 con sobrepeso y >+2 con obesidad. Los datos se analizaron en los programas de computación: Anthro Plus v1.0.4 y SPSS v20.Resultados: El exceso de peso afecta al 24,1% de los escolares/adolescentes; sobrepeso, 17,8% y obesidad 6,3%. El exceso de peso es estadísticamente mayor en escolares, 27,7% que en adolescentes, 21,5% (p<0,0001). Igualmente, el exceso de peso es estadísticamente mayor en los escolares hombres, 31,0% que en escolares mujeres, 24,4% (p<0,0001). Y es estadísticamente mayor en adolescentes mujeres, 23,3% que en adolescentes hombres, 19,8% (p<0,0001). El exceso de peso en escolares/adolescentes afecta a: establecimientos particulares, 27,7%, establecimientos fiscomisionales, 25,3% y establecimientos fiscales, 22,9%. Igualmente, el exceso de peso es mayor en escolares de establecimientos particulares, 28,1% que en establecimientos fiscales, 27,7% (p=0,9984). Y es estadísticamente mayor en los adolescentes de establecimientos particulares, 27,6% que en establecimientos fiscales, 18,4% (p<0,0001).Conclusiones: La prevalencia de exceso de peso (sobrepeso/obesidad) en estudiantes escolares y adolescentes del área urbana de la ciudad de Riobamba es alta (24,1%) y es mayor en escolares (27,7%) que en adolescentes (21,5%). Son necesarias medidas de intervención inmediatas para prevenir y tratar este grave problema de Salud Pública. Comentarios en: http://dx.doi.org/10.14306/renhyd.20.4.210
Regression of Left Ventricular Mass after Implantation of the Sutureless 3f Enable Aortic Bioprosthesis
Authors: Concistrè Giovanni , Miceli Antonio , Marchi Federica , Chiaramonti Francesca , Glauber Mattia , Solinas Marco 
Published: April 2015

Left ventricular hypertrophy in aortic stenosis is considered a compensatory response for the maintenance of systolic function but a risk factor for cardiac morbidity and death. We investigated the degree of left ventricular mass regression after implantation of the sutureless Medtronic 3f Enable® Aortic Bioprosthesis.
We studied 19 patients who, from May 2010 through July 2011, underwent isolated aortic valve replacement with the 3f Enable bioprosthetic valve, with clinical and echocardiographic follow-up at 6 months. The mean age was 77.1 ± 5.1 years (range, 68–86 yr); 14 patients were women (73.7%); and the mean logistic EuroSCORE was 15.4% ± 11.8%. Echocardiography was performed preoperatively, at discharge, and at 6 months' follow-up. The left ventricular mass was calculated by means of the Devereux formula and indexed to body surface area.
The left ventricular mass index decreased from 146.1 ± 47.6 g/m2 at baseline to 118.1 ± 39.8 g/m2 at follow-up (P=0.003). The left ventricular ejection fraction did not change significantly. The mean transaortic gradient decreased from 57.3 ± 14.2 mmHg at baseline to 12.3 ± 4.6 mmHg at discharge and 12.2 ± 5.3 mmHg at follow-up (P <0.001), and these decreases were accompanied by substantial clinical improvement. No moderate or severe paravalvular leakage was present at discharge or at follow-up.
In isolated aortic stenosis, aortic valve replacement with the 3f Enable bioprosthesis results in significant regression of left ventricular mass at 6 months' follow-up. However, this regression needs to be verified by long-term echocardiographic follow-up.
Pathways Involved in Interleukin-1β–Mediated Murine Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis
Authors: Shen Yi , Qin Jie , Bu Peili 
Published: April 2015

Accumulating evidence suggests that interleukin-1 (IL-1) signaling plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of heart failure by inducing cardiomyocyte apoptosis, but the mechanisms of this process are poorly defined. We further explored these molecular pathways.
We isolated cardiomyocytes from neonatal mice and then cultured and stimulated them with murine IL-1β in vitro. Cell apoptotic ratios were measured by means of flow cytometry. Expression of effector molecules was analyzed by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blotting, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that IL-1β induced murine cardiomyocyte apoptosis through a release of cytochrome c into cytoplasm and through caspase 3 activation. Simultaneously, IL-1β signaling promoted expression of endonuclease G and high-temperature requirement protein A2 messenger RNA. Survivin and X-linked inhibitors of apoptosis protein (IAP), members of the IAP family, were inhibited on the messenger RNA level during IL-1β–mediated cardiomyocyte apoptosis.
We found that IL-1β signaling during cardiomyocyte apoptosis in vitro induced the activation of caspase-dependent and caspase-independent pathways, and inhibited IAPs. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in IL-1β–mediated cardiomyocyte apoptosis might assist in the design of therapeutic approaches to protect cardiomyocyte function and prevent heart failure.
Prolonged Chest Compressions during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation for In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest due to Acute Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Nobre Carla , Thomas Boban , Santos Luis , Tavares João 
Published: April 2015

Patients with hemodynamic collapse due to acute pulmonary embolism have a dismal prognosis if not treated rapidly. Therapeutic options include systemic thrombolytic therapy, rheolytic thrombectomy, and surgical embolectomy. However, the efficacy of thrombolytic therapy is diminished because the low-output state hinders effective delivery of the lytic agent to the thrombus. In the absence of any form of mechanical circulatory support, such as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or cardiac surgery on site, we think that prolonged vigorous manual compressions might be the only way to support the circulation during the initial critical state, when thrombolytic therapy has been administered.
We report the results of prolonged manual chest compressions (exceeding 30 minutes) on 6 patients who received tenecteplase in treatment of acute pulmonary embolism that induced in-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest. Four of 6 patients survived and were discharged from the hospital. In an era of increasing technologic complexity for patients with hemodynamic instability, we emphasize the importance of prolonged chest compressions, which can improve systemic perfusion, counteract the prothrombotic state associated with cardiopulmonary arrest, and give the lytic agent time to act.
Der Schutzvertrag von Raqqa und die Verlautbarung von Mosul. Ein Beitrag zur Diskussion über den „Islamischen Staat im Irak und in Syrien“
Authors: Sievert Henning 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
This contribution examines two documents issued by the terrorist organisation known as the ‘Islamic State in Iraq and Syria’ (IS) regarding the status and treatment of non-Muslims, namely the protection treaty with the Christians of Raqqa and the ultimatum to the Christians of Mosul. As IS’ claim to represent true Islam should be judged by the way in which they relate to Islamic tradition, the documents’ texts are presented with a commentary and translation. Both documents arbitrarily combine elements from authoritative texts with twenty first-century attitudes, disregarding more than a thousand years of Islamic scholarship. The Raqqa treaty, in particular, is part of the organisation’s professional public relations policy.
Quelques réflexions sur la traduction littéraire du chinois vers les langues européennes
Authors: Poizat-Xie Honghua 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The present paper is the result of a workshop on the translation of Chinese literature that was held between March 2012 and May 2013 at the Confucius Institute at the University of Geneva. It aimed to identify major obstacles in rendering literary Chinese into English, French, Italian, German, and Russian, and to explore the differences and similarities of the problems encountered. Nine works of Chinese literature were selected for studying and examining a number of difficulties in translation: Terms with culturally specific connotations, transposition of certain grammatical structures, treatment of idioms and metaphors, translation of titles. We have found a great similarity of approaches chosen for the various target languages, Russian being an exception. Due to cultural and political influences, this language displays certain similarities to Chinese, especially in vocabulary; but there are additional aspects in which the Russian case differs from the other four languages.
The Politicization of Religion by the CCP: A Selective Retrieval
Authors: Laliberté André 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
This essays looks at the diversity of approaches used by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in its politicization of religions. It first provides an overview of continuity with past practices by the Chinese state in the imperial and republican eras to stress the undetermined nature of ideological change in China. Then, it looks at the mechanisms by which the CCP makes religion a political issue and a matter of public concern within broader agendas. It stresses that this politicization of religions has unfolded in two different ways since 1949: besides the negative and coercive approach of the authorities, positive and cooperative strategy are also implemented. The regime hopes religions will be active politically to promote its objectives, such as projecting abroad an image of China’s soft power, raising funds for philanthropic activities within China, or supporting the state ‘patriotic’ agenda. The actions by the CCP suggest that it does not look at all religions as equally valuable to serve its political objectives, as it still maintains a distinction between official and banned religions. The article documents that the state’s encouragement to the revival of some religious activities is selective but on the other hand that CCP views are more nuanced than outsiders assume.
Aimé Humbert – Wertvorstellungen eines Bourgeois und das Japan der Bakumatsu-Zeit
Authors: Rüegg Jonas 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Although it had no military presence in East Asia, Switzerland was the first landlocked European country to conclude an unequal treaty with the bakufu government of Japan in 1864. Aimé Humbert, initiator and leader of the Swiss delegation, spent 10 months in Japan waiting for the conclusion of the treaty. He is recognized not only for the significance of his mission regarding the economic relations between Switzerland and Japan, but also for his unique documentation of bakumatsu Japan’s everyday culture in his travel account Le Japon Illustré, which was published in 1870. This paper depicts Humbert’s perception of Japanese society and politics and analyzes private correspondence between him and his wife. His observations will be contextualized with the orientalist discourse in Europe and Swiss domestic politics in the 19th century. I will argue that Humbert clearly projected his value concepts as a bourgeois, liberalist and Protestant into Japan. For example, there is a parallelism between Humbert’s criticism of the Buddhist clergy and the liberalist’s anti-Catholicism. Of course, Humbert’s view of bakumatsu Japan and his way of describing the Japanese was strongly influenced by Eurocentric conceptions of the world in the 19th century. His belief in Japan’s ambitions as an independent nation, once liberated from despotism, however, can be considered as Humbert’s peculiarity and as implicit in his strategic situation: even though he profited from the West’s gunboat diplomacy, he did not need to justify any colonial ambitions of his nation, but rather predicted a “democratization” of trade with East Asia.
Relegitimizing the Chinese Party-State: “Old” Sources of Modern Chinese Party Power
Authors: Noesselt Nele 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
This article discusses the recent renaissance of political Confucianism under the fourth and fifth generations of Chinese political leaders. By conducting a context-sensitive analysis of references to pre-modern state philosophy and political symbolism in official political statements, it argues that the seemingly “Confucian” turn in Chinese politics should rather be interpreted as a strategic element of the PRC’s ongoing legitimation campaign and its leaders’ quest to consolidate the power of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). While philosophical reflections and popular Confucianism are flourishing all over the country, political Confucianism as operationalized by the CCP remains clearly restricted to moral aspects of political rule and thus mainly defines abstract principles of good governance and harmonious order. Structural Confucianism as developed by Jiang Qing has so far not been included into the party’s official (administrative) reform agenda.
Le retour de l’académie impériale dans la construction de la société harmonieuse: Le Hall des études nationales du devenir vertueux
Authors: Payette Alex 
Published: April 2015

Résumé
Comment s’exprime le renouveau confucéen sur le plan local en Chine contemporaine? Contrairement aux discours politiquement engagés qui occupent une grande partie des débats concernant le « renouveau du confucianisme », cet article tente de rendre compte de la vision locale de celui-ci à l’aide du cas du Hall des études nationales du devenir vertueux. Nous soutenons qu’à l’instar des discours qui défient le Parti communiste, le Hall vient, par le biais de son discours et de ses pratiques, participer de lui-même à la gouvernance. En plus, ce groupe d’initiative local nous a permis d’identifier deux éléments intéressants, soit une expression religieuse ainsi qu’identitaire. À ce titre, cet article se propose de faire une étude détaillée de ceux-ci afin d’offrir une vision plus près du « vécu confucéen » journalier en Chine contemporaine.
Party Ideology and the Changing Role of Religion: From “United Front” to “Intangible Cultural Heritage”
Authors: Hetmanczyk Philipp 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
In recent years, religious policy in China has faced an increasingly dynamic panorama of religious actors. The implementation of particular policies has proven to be at times pragmatic, at times incoherent and arbitrary. This may be interpreted as an intentional strategy that allows for a certain flexibility arbitrarily to tolerate or to suppress religious activities. At the same time, it can just as well be a result of institutional incoherence and incompetence. As this incoherence has the potential of endangering the legitimacy of religious politics, authorities resort to ideology as a means to solve these contradictions by integrating religion as a growing social factor, while still leaving space for flexible and sometimes inconsistent administration. The present paper shows that religious policy is framed into two directions: on the one hand, the inherited United Front approach is modified by a gradual revaluation of religion. On the other hand, what used to be labeled “superstition” is transformed into a resource for propagating cultural nationalism and patriotism.
Heat flow, weighted Bergman spaces, and real analytic Lipschitz approximation
Authors: Bauer Wolfram , Coburn Lewis A. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

We show that,
for f any uniformly continuous (UC) complex-valued function on real Euclidean n-space ℝ
n
, the heat flow f˜(t) is Lipschitz for all t > 0 and f˜(t) converges uniformly to f as
t → 0. Analogously, let Ω be any irreducible bounded symmetric (Cartan) domain in complex n-space ℂ
n
and consider the Bergman metric β(·, ·) on Ω. For f any β-uniformly continuous function on Ω, we show that there is a Berezin–Harish-Chandra flow of real analytic functions B
λ
f which is β-Lipschitz for each λ ≥ p (p, the genus of Ω) and B
λ
f converges uniformly to f as λ → ∞. For a certain subspace of UC we obtain stronger approximation results and we study the asymptotic behaviour of the Lipschitz constants.
Polythelia and associated hydronephrosis: a case report in neonatal age
Authors: Zakanj Zora , Kotrulja Lena 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Polythelia, the presence of supernumerary nipples, is a common anomaly usually limited to cosmetic concerns. However, the existence of accessory mammary tissue may indicate associated anomalies of the kidneys and the urinary tract or other systemic diseases. The association of these anomalies and systemic disease is often controversial, although some authors report their significance in neonates and infants. We report the association of accessory nipple and right-sided hydronephrosis in a female term newborn. Prenatal ultrasound monitoring did not indicate hydronephrosis and it was diagnosed after birth with an ultrasound examination of the newborn, which was due to a fever and suspected urinary infection. We consider that in symptomatic infants with accessory breast tissue, a thorough physical examination, urine analysis, and renal ultrasound should be done in order to exclude associated urinary tract abnormalities.
Development and Validation of a Scale for Measuring Sustainability Factors of Informal Microenterprises – A Qualitative and Quantitative Approach
Authors: Khan Eijaz Ahmed , Quaddus Mohammed 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe growing interest in sustainability has dominated the area of entrepreneurship research. However, the measuring of sustainability factors has been largely ignored. As a result, so far, no researchers have developed sustainability factor scales and this might lead to a question of scale validity. This paper attempts to fill this gap: the aim of this study is to develop and validate scales of sustainability factor by investigating a microenterprise from the informal sector. In its design, the study uses a mixed method research approach. In the qualitative phase, content analysis has been applied to analyse the transcribed field study interviews. This procedure explores and confirms the sustainability variables and factors. The quantitative data are analysed through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) followed by Partial Least Square (PLS) approach. Quantitative analysis then validates the variables and factors. The study then specifies scales of sustainability factors in the context of an informal microenterprise and assesses them as reflective in nature. The limitations of the study are then identified and thoughts to stimulate future investigations discussed.
Analysis of Stochastic Nonlinear Dynamics in the Gear Transmission System with Backlash
Authors: Wang Jingyue , Wang Haotian , Guo Lixin 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
In order to study the different backlash, gear damping ratio and random disturbance on dynamic behavior of gear transmission system, stochastic dynamic equations of the three-degree-of-freedom spur gear transmission system are established considering random disturbances of a low-frequency external excitation induced by torque fluctuation, gear damping ratio, gear backlash, excitation frequency and meshing stiffness. Using bifurcation diagram, phase diagram, time course diagram, Poincaré map and power spectrum of the system, the dynamic characteristics of the gear transmission system with different backlash under gear damping ratio changing, and the influence of the random disturbance of gear damping ratio on the bifurcation characteristic of system are analyzed. Numerical simulation shows that the gear transmission system will be from periodic motion with a noisy disturbance to chaotic-like motion by period-doubling bifurcation with decreasing gear damping ratio. In the small damping ratio range, the backlash has great effect on the motion characteristics. Random disturbance has an important effect on the bifurcation characteristics.
Transnacionalidad e identidades lingüísticas en la frontera dominico-haitiana
Authors: Ortiz López Luis 
Published: April 2015

AbstractZones of Dominican-Haitian contact can be analyzed from anthropological, sociolinguistic and language-acquisition perspectives. Despite recent advances in the linguistic study of this area (Ortiz López 2010), many contact phenomena remain unexamined. Building on previous work, I analyze Dominican-Haitian contact from a transnational (Duany 2011) and ethno-sociolinguistic perspective. Here, I document the roles that Dominican Spanish, Haitian Kreyòl and Haitianized Spanish play for speakers in the speech community of the Dominican-Haitian border, while considering the ethno-social dimension in which language acquires meanings associated with race, power, status, prestige, etc. I tackle the following questions: how do the aforementioned linguistic varieties become instruments for negotiating a fluid yet conflictive and ambiguous ethnolinguistic identity (Coupland 2001; Fishman 1987; Le Page and Tabouret-Keller 1985; Zentella 2000; Duany 2010, 2011)?; where lie the specific connections between these linguistic varieties and ethnic components within the +/− black, +/− Haitian-Dominican, +/− Dominican, +/− monolingual continuum?; what values do these (often hybrid) linguistic varieties represent for the distant (Dominican and Haitian) neighbors from Santo Domingo and Port-au-Prince as well as for the members of the hybrid, transnational and bifocal community of “others”?; and which linguistic varieties emerge from such a complex continuum?
Representing and regimenting languages in a transnational setting: the case of the Haitian-Dominican border
Authors: Valdez Juan R. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMy analysis focuses on linguistic representations in order to shed light on the political, ethnic, and linguistic boundaries of the two nation-states that share the island of Hispaniola. In the context of the 20th century, Dominican politicians and philologists converged, creating a concentrated network of schools with Spanish as the language of instruction, prohibiting the use of Haitian Creole (Kreyòl), renaming numerous places from French or Kreyòl to Spanish, and producing a corpus of texts which described and represented the Dominican linguistic landscape proper. Literacy practices and speech practices were engaged for the purpose of Hispanizing border communities. I approach the sociopolitical transformation of this region by analyzing the representations of speech practices and the related linguistic policies of the Dominican state which targeted bilingual and multicultural communities in the 1930s and 1940s. To these interrelated issues, I apply the analytical tools from research on linguistic discourse and language ideologies (Arnoux and del Valle 2010; Irvine and Gal 2000; Woolard 2008) and insights from border studies (Wilson and Donnan 2012; Houtum and Naerssen 2002). My guiding question is whether, in the case of the Dominican-Haitian border in the 20th century, linguistic difference was represented in metalinguistic discourse in order to create a Dominican identity particularly through dissimilarity.