bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved detection of cystic fibrosis by the California Newborn Screening Program for all races and ethnicities
Authors: McGarry Meghan E. , Sciortino Stanley , Graham Steve , Bishop Tracey , Gibb Elizabeth R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundNewborn screening (NBS) for cystic fibrosis (CF) is universal in the United States. Protocols vary but include an immunoreactive trypsinogen (IRT) level and CFTR variant panel. California CF NBS has a 3‐step screening: IRT level, variant panel, and CFTR sequencing if only one variant identified on panel.MethodsThis was a cohort study of infants with CF born in California (2007−2021) to examine racial and ethnic differences in having a false‐negative NBS result for CF and at which step the false‐negative occurred. We examined how different CFTR variant panels would improve detection of variants by race and ethnicity: original 39‐variant panel, current 75‐variant panel, and all 402 disease‐causing CFTR variants in the CFTR2 database.ResultsOf the 912 infants born in California with CF, 84 had a false‐negative result: 38 due to low IRT level and 46 with a high IRT value (but incomplete variant detection). Asian (OR 6.3) and Black infants (OR 2.5) were more likely to have a false‐negative screening result than non‐Hispanic white infants. The majority of false‐negative screening (but CF diagnosis) cases among American Indian/Native Alaskan and non‐Hispanic White infants were due to low IRT levels. The majority of Asian and Hispanic infants with false‐negative screening had no variants detected. Detection of two CFTR variants was improved with the 75‐variant panel in Black, Hispanic, and non‐Hispanic White infants and with the 402‐variant panel in Black, Hispanic, non‐Hispanic White, and other race infants.ConclusionsLarger CFTR panels in NBS improved the detection of CF in all races and ethnicities.
New sights into new‐onset and relapsed minimal change disease post COVID‐19 vaccination: A systemic review of the clinical characteristics and underlying pathogenesis
Authors: Liu Jiarong , Xu Gaosi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundMinimal change disease (MCD) following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccination has been increasingly reported; however, the clinical characteristics and pathogenesis of patients with MCD have not been thoroughly discussed.MethodsA systematic literature search of published data up until May 10, 2023, was conducted using the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and SinoMed databases. MCD patients diagnosed by renal biopsy following COVID‐19 vaccination were analyzed with the largest sample size to date.ResultsA total of 85 patients were included in the present statistical analysis, including 50 new‐onset and 35 relapsed MCD subjects following COVID‐19 vaccination. Compared with new‐onset MCD patients, the relapsed patients had previously suffered from one or two other diseases (12/50 vs. 34/35, p < 0.001). The laboratory results indicated that new‐onset MCD was more serious than MCD relapse, as evidenced by higher serum creatinine (p = 0.036) and urinary protein levels (p < 0.001), along with lower levels of serum albumin (p < 0.001). The new‐onset subjects responded to corticosteroids alone, while the relapsed patients acquired combined therapies involving immunosuppressants and steroids (p < 0.001). Compared with MCD onset after two vaccine doses, those who immediately flared after the first vaccination had more comorbidities (p = 0.011). Comparatively, the first dose‐onset patients showed a higher response rate to treatments than the second dose‐onset patients (44/50 vs. 22/35, p = 0.017).ConclusionsNew‐onset MCD was more severe than relapsed MCD in terms of laboratory results and clinical manifestations after COVID‐19 vaccination. Overall, combining both corticosteroid therapy and immunosuppressive treatment yields an effective approach to managing the condition.
A grand mimicker of pulmonary malignancy: The massive mediastinal intercostal nerve tumour
Authors: Haq Syed H. , Friederick Claire , Eapen David , Shah Sidra , Begmatov Hoshimjon , Sandesh F. N. U. , Chanamolu Sreenivasa 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMediastinal mass‐like manifestations often cause alarm and instigate a myriad of investigative testing to rule out insidious malignant processes. However, a unique and benign finding, the schwannoma can present either incidentally or while in pursuit of a symptomatic presentation. Given its rarity, limited literature exists on these neurogenic tumours with less than three dozen reported cases. No specific guidelines exist regarding the extent of required advanced imaging or degree of invasive evaluation. Therefore, practitioners confronted with these intrathoracic tumours may find management challenging or delayed. We present a case discussing a large benign tumour causing symptomatic burden, the investigative methods implored and treatment modality. We add to the literature another unique presentation of an intercostal nerve sheath tumour with schwannoma pathology.
Optimizing Droplet‐Based Electricity Generator via a Low Sticky Hydrophobic Droplet‐Impacted Surface
Authors: Min Guanbo , Wang Wenjun , Li Huifan , Wang Tingyu , Li Chengyu , Xu Shuxing , Xu Kun , Shang Yurui , Zhao Xin , Khandelwal Gaurav , Jiao Xufeng , Tang Wei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDroplet‐based electricity generators (DEGs) are increasingly recognized for their potential in converting renewable energy sources. This study explores the interplay of surface hydrophobicity and stickiness in improving DEG efficiency. It find that the high‐performance C‐WaxDEGs leverage both these properties. Specifically, DEGs incorporating polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with carnauba wax (C‐wax) exhibit increased output as surface stickiness decreases. Through experimental comparisons, PDMS with 1wt.% C‐wax demonstrated a significant power output increase from 0.07 to 1.2 W m−2, which attribute to the minimized adhesion between water molecules and the polymer surface, achieved by embedding C‐wax into PDMS surface to form microstructures. This improvement in DEG performance is notable even among samples with similar surface potentials and contact angles, suggesting that C‐wax's primary contribution is in reducing surface stickiness rather than altering other surface properties. The further investigations into the C‐WaxDEG variant with 1wt.% C‐wax PDMS uncover its potential as a sensor for water quality parameters such as temperature, pH, and heavy metal ion concentration. These findings open avenues for the integration of C‐WaxDEGs into flexible electronic devices aimed at environmental monitoring.
Designable polypyrrole pattern in hydrogel achieved by photo‐controllable concentration of Fe3+ initiator
Authors: Zhao Xinyu , Xu Huidong , Liu Zhao‐Tie , Li Guo , Jiang Jinqiang , Liu Zhong‐Wen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractConductive polymer hydrogels (CPHs) are promising in cutting‐edge applications including bioelectronics and tissue engineering. However, the precise regulation of the spatial distribution of the conductive polymer (CP) in the hydrogel network is still an issue for designing a smart material. Herein, we propose a facile method for preparing CPH‐based smart materials by controlling the distribution of Fe3+ initiator with UV light irradiation. Thus, designable polypyrrole (PPy) conductive patterns in the polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate (PVA/SA) semi‐interpenetrating hydrogel network are demonstrated by controlling the concentration of Fe3+ ions coordinated with carboxylate groups. Depending on the irradiation time, the reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+ occurs in different extents. As a result, the controllable polymerization of pyrrole only initiated by Fe3+ is achieved to form desirable CPH patterns, which are confirmed by the characterization results of Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, the developed hydrogel with PPy patterns is illustrated for the application in smart conductive circuit and information encryption. The simple procedure and the controllable conductive patterning of the proposed method make it a promising route in developing smart hydrogel materials, which can be extended to other Fe3+ initiated CP patterns.
Inferring precocial Chinook Salmon production through single-parentage assignments
Authors: Steele Craig A. , Harris Audrey , Campbell Matthew , Venditti David A. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective
Parentage analysis is a routine methodology in fisheries research, but study systems exist where it is impractical to sample both parents. The ability to reliably assign offspring to a single parent is beneficial in these situations. We applied single-parentage assignments to a naturally spawning population of Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha to quantify production of anadromous returns by unsampled precocial males.

Methods
We used an approach that focused on two important aspects of parentage analyses: (1) addressing the presence of family structure within the set of sampled parents and (2) controlling for false-positive and false-negative assignments.

Result
Results indicated that 30% of reproductively successful males were precocial males, which produced 20% of the returning anadromous offspring.

Conclusion
This study provides a framework for applying single-parent assignments in a salmonid study system while explicitly addressing sources of assignment errors.
Survey and Analysis for High Power Factor IPMSM Drive System Using Electrolytic Capacitor‐Less Inverter
Authors: Ohishi Kiyoshi , Haga Hitoshi , Abe Kodai 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHome appliances such as residential air conditioners are based on the variable speed drives for AC motors such as IPMSM and IM. These variable speed drives always require the simple and low‐cost system configurations without the large electrolytic capacitors, reactors, and power devices that consist of PFC converters. This paper surveys and analyzes the proposed and advanced control techniques to achieve high input power factor and sinusoidal source current control in electrolytic capacitor‐less inverters. The investigated control methods consist of control algorithms based on the energy flow between input and output of the electrolytic capacitor‐less inverter, and all of them are useful as high‐power factor control methods for compressor drive motors such as air conditioners. Moreover, these techniques realize the variable speed drives for AC motors to meet power supply harmonics regulations (IEC61000‐3‐2). © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Freedom and Responsibility
Authors: Feltz Adam , Cokely Edward T. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractJudgments about freedom and moral responsibility have been argued to be essential to how we view ourselves and others. Being free and morally responsible (or at least a belief to that effect) has been argued to underwrite elements of human existence ranging from one’s sense of self-worth to having genuine, loving relationships. One extensively explored question in the philosophical literature about freedom and moral responsibility is: can you be free and morally responsible if all your actions are determined? There is substantial philosophical disagreement about the right answer to that question. Those who answer “yes” are called compatibilists and those who answer “no” are called incompatibilists. This chapter documents extensive evidence using representative and diverse materials and methods indicating that the global personality trait extraversion predicts those who tend to be compatibilists. These relations have also been observed to exist in diverse cultures and languages (e.g., those who speak English, Spanish, or German in North America and Europe). The evidence presented in this chapter represents the paradigmatic example in our book of personality predicting philosophically relevant judgments.
Philosophical Expertise
Authors: Feltz Adam , Cokely Edward T. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this chapter we directly address one of the prominent objections to generalizing studies done on non-professional philosophers to experts in philosophy. The Expertise Defense holds that because of the special training, knowledge, or skills of professional philosophers, the potentially problematic biases found in non-professional philosophers will not likely be found in expert philosophers. To assess this argument, we provide a substantial discussion on how expertise is acquired. We focus on the facts that experts are always made and not born, general intelligence cannot explain all there is to expertise, and experts have different knowledge and skills than non-experts. We then use these general points to argue that philosophers are not likely to have the relevant kinds of learning environments, skills, or knowledge that prevents them from being biased in potentially problematic ways. We report results directly testing whether extraversion predicts compatibilist judgments about freedom and moral responsibility in philosophical experts, finding that indeed expert philosophers tend to be biased by their heritable personality traits. We conclude that without further evidence, we do not have reason to think that philosophical expertise will eliminate potentially problematic biases in philosophically relevant judgments.
The Philosophical Personality Argument
Authors: Feltz Adam , Cokely Edward T. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe philosophical heart of this book is embodied in the Philosophical Personality Argument, which is:

Philosophically relevant intuitions are used as some evidence for the truth of some philosophical claims.

Some differences in philosophically relevant intuitions used as evidence for the truth of some philosophical claims are systematically related to some differences in personality.

If philosophically relevant intuitions are used as some evidence for the truth of some philosophical claims and those intuitions are systematically related to some differences in personality, then one’s endorsement of some philosophical claims is at least partially a function of one’s personality.

Therefore, one’s endorsement of some philosophical claims is at least partially a function of one’s personality.

In this chapter, we provide reasons to think (1) is true. We review evidence from Chaps. 2–4 providing reasons to think (2) is true. We discuss how premise (3) seems to capture standard ways that intuitions could be used as evidence. We then argue that the conclusion (4) poses substantial challenges to some philosophical projects (e.g., Neo-Platonic projects) but not necessarily others (e.g., conceptual analysis). We then defend premises 1–3 from several objections.
Mixed Linear Quadratic Regulator Controller Design for Path Tracking Control of Autonomous Tracked Vehicles
Authors: Tian Baiyu , Lin Tianliang , Zhang Chunhui , Li Zhongshen , Fu Shengjie , Chen Qihuai 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWith the advancements in autonomous driving technology, artificial intelligence and computer science have facilitated the autonomous operation of machinery. Industrial production efficiency is enhanced by this autonomy in construction machinery. Furthermore, personal safety for machine operators is also improved. Among these advancements, path tracking control emerges as a critical component for the automation of construction machinery. It primarily focuses on the lateral and longitudinal control of the machinery, enabling stable tracking of a predefined path even under challenging operational conditions. To enhance the accuracy and robustness of path tracking, this paper proposes a mixed linear quadratic regulator (LQR) controller specifically designed for autonomous tracked vehicles. This approach uses the LQR control algorithm to suppress the noise generated by complex construction environments and accurately track the desired path. The effectiveness and practicality of this method are validated through simulation experiments.
Simulation and Comparative Analysis of Welding of the Safety End of the Pipe Based on Different Body Heat Source Models
Authors: Chen Wenjie , Ji Dongmei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBased on ANSYS APDL, this paper simulates the welding process of the safety end of the pipe using different heat source models. The results show that the shape of the moving heat source under the body heat rate heat source model and the double ellipsoid heat source model is ellipsoidal shape. The body heat rate heat source has a larger high temperature area than the double ellipsoidal heat source. The variation law of temperature field and stress field is basically the same, but the overall stress field under double ellipsoid heat source load is about 20 MPa smaller than the total stress field under body heating rate. The comparison of different heat source models can provide some help for the numerical simulation of welding.
Dynamical Simulation Analysis of Faulty Gearbox in Quay Crane Under Dynamic Load
Authors: Feng Wenzong , Zhang Qing , Chen Zhuoxiang , Zhang Jianqun , Wang Haoyu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDynamics simulations with faults can elucidate fault vibration characteristics, yet the vibrational properties of the quay crane lifting gearboxes under dynamic load excitation remain unclear. Based on multi-body dynamics theory, a multi-body dynamical model of the quay crane gearbox is established, simulating dynamic load excitation caused by cables and containers during the operation of a quay crane. The vibration responses under various working conditions and load types of different gear states are analyzed, and the corresponding fault frequency features are extracted by envelope spectrum. Simulations indicate that local gear faults enlarge the amplitude of gearbox vibrations, inducing the phenomenon of gear mesh frequency and its harmonics modulated by gear fault frequency. Based on these studies, a testbed for the quay crane gearbox is constructed. The experiment verifies the accuracy of the dynamic model and reveals that the simulation signal of load-as-dynamic-load is more consistent with reality than static load. The results provide a basis for fault diagnosis of quay crane lifting gearboxes under dynamic load, and can offer simulation data support for intelligent diagnosis models lacking fault samples.
Optimal Design of Frame Structure of Center Axle Trailer Under Heavy Load Conditions
Authors: Gao Dongyu , Ma Jinyu , Zheng Huisai , Zhang Menzhe , Zhao Jingyi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn recent years, the mid axle train has gradually entered the transportation market because of its large loading capacity and flexible steering. The static simulation of full load bending, full load torsion and full load braking were carried out for the upper and lower platforms of the trailer frame, and the stress and deformation were obtained. Through the topology optimization design, the pseudo density cloud image with material removal as the optimization objective was obtained. The response surface optimization method was used to adjust the main optimization parameters of the frame platform, and the sensitivity value of its influence on the strength, stiffness and mass of the lightweight frame was analyzed. Finally, the actual value of the optimization parameters was determined. The results showed that the strength, stiffness, and stability of the lightweight frame met the requirements, and the total weight loss of the lightweight frame is 437.07 kg, and the weight loss ratio reached 14.51%. Finally, the static strength test of the lightweight frame was carried out, and the results showed that the lightweight frame met the use requirements.
Characterization of Solder Mechanical Properties Based on Nanoindentation
Authors: Sheng Wenjun , Wang Zhihai , Cheng Huiming 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis article systematically elaborates on the in-situ measurement of solder using nanoindentation technology, and combines numerical inversion methods to analyze its elastic–plastic and creep mechanical properties. The elastic–plastic and creep constitutive equations of solder are constructed, and the influence of temperature on the elastic–plastic and creep characteristic of solder is studied. This provides an effective in-situ measurement and analysis method for characterizing the mechanical properties of high-density micro solder interconnection structures in radar electronic equipment.
The Research on Structural Design of Vehicle Integrated Display and Control Console
Authors: Luo Xiancheng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe display console and vehicle platform designed in this paper adopt an integrated structure design, the structure is simple and beautiful, easy to operate and easy to maintain, and the standard function module is selected as far as possible to meet the standardization requirements. Based on the design idea of generalization, serialization and combination, the display console is divided into unit design, which can be successively divided into: display unit, control unit, display and control processing unit and cabinet unit. Among them, the display unit and control unit learn from the mature design technology to ensure the design quality; The display and control processing unit is designed separately, with rigid connections to both the display unit and control unit externally, and the internal air duct is set up to meet the heat dissipation requirements. The cabinet unit is arranged under the display and control processing unit and the two are rigidly connected to ensure the overall structural rigidity and provide required installation space for user devices. The display console adopts split designs to support quick installation, disassembly and handling of four units. 3D design software is used to analyse the installation space, visual field, hand operation space, knee space and maintenance space of the display console to ensure that the display console has a good human–computer interaction function. The internal space of the display console is designed with three-dimensional wiring, the routing path of each cable in each unit is planned, and the cable can be customized in advance, which greatly improves the efficiency of on-site electrical assembly. Mechanical analysis software is used to simulate the main structure of the display console to ensure that the whole display console meets the mechanical performance requirements. The above design and analysis have certain guiding significance for similar design work of vehicle display console.
Fault Simulation and Experimental Validation of Accessory Transmission System
Authors: Sun Yu , Cao Xuyang , Yuan Yunbo , Zhao Guang , Ma Song , Li Haofan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAs an important part of the aero-engine, the accessory transmission system affects the operation status of the engine, and it is of great significance to carry out fault mechanism analysis and fault identification. This paper takes a certain type of aero-engine accessory transmission system as the research object, flexes the box using ANSYS, establishes a rigid-flexible coupling model under normal working conditions and fault conditions through ADAMS, and studies the vibration characteristics in single fault and multi-fault combination modes, such as unbalance of the shaft system, gear misalignment and gear broken tooth. Considering different load loading conditions, the dynamic simulation of the transmission system is carried out, the shafting displacement and box acceleration response are extracted, the time–frequency domain feature information of the vibration signal is analyzed, and the fault characteristics and fault types are corresponded one-to-one. The test bench for the principle prototype of the accessory transmission system is designed and built, and the experimental research is carried out. The results show that the simulation results have good consistency with the principle prototype test results, which verifies the rationality of the simulation model.