bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An empirical evaluation of two theoretically‐based hypotheses on the directional association between self‐worth and hope
Authors: McDavid Lindley , McDonough Meghan H. , Smith Alan L. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTFostering self‐worth and hope are important goals of positive youth development (PYD) efforts, yet intervention design is complicated by contrasting theoretical hypotheses regarding the directional association between these constructs. Therefore, within a longitudinal design we tested: (1) that self‐worth predicts changes in hope (self theory; Harter, 1999), and (2) that hope predicts changes in self‐worth (hope theory; Snyder, 2002) over time. Youth (N = 321; Mage = 10.33 years) in a physical activity‐based PYD program completed surveys 37–45 days prior to and on the second day and third‐to‐last day of the program. A latent variable panel model that included autoregressive and cross‐lagged paths indicated that self‐worth was a significant predictor of change in hope, but hope did not predict change in self‐worth. Therefore, the directional association between self‐worth and hope is better explained by self‐theory and PYD programs should aim to enhance perceptions of self‐worth to build perceptions of hope.
A VALUATION THEORETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF RECURSIVELY SATURATED REAL CLOSED FIELDS
Authors: D’AQUINO PAOLA , KUHLMANN SALMA , LANGE KAREN 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe give a valuation theoretic characterization for a real closed field to be recursively saturated. This builds on work in [9], where the authors gave such a characterization forκ-saturation, for a cardinal$\kappa \ge \aleph _0 $. Our result extends the characterization of Harnik and Ressayre [7] for a divisible ordered abelian group to be recursively saturated.
MODEL COMPLETENESS OF O-MINIMAL FIELDS WITH CONVEX VALUATIONS
Authors: EALY CLIFTON F. , MAŘÍKOVÁ JANA 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe let R be an o-minimal expansion of a field, V a convex subring, and (R0,V0) an elementary substructure of (R,V). Our main result is that (R,V) considered as a structure in a language containing constants for all elements of R0 is model complete relative to quantifier elimination in R, provided that kR (the residue field with structure induced from R) is o-minimal. Along the way we show that o-minimality of kR implies that the sets definable in kR are the same as the sets definable in k with structure induced from (R,V). We also give a criterion for a superstructure of (R,V) being an elementary extension of (R,V).
ON IDEMPOTENT ULTRAFILTERS IN HIGHER-ORDER REVERSE MATHEMATICS
Authors: KREUZER ALEXANDER P. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe analyze the strength of the existence of idempotent ultrafilters in higher-order reverse mathematics.Let $\left( {{{\cal U}_{{\rm{idem}}}}} \right)$ be the statement that an idempotent ultrafilter on ℕ exists. We show that over $ACA_0^\omega$, the higher-order extension of ACA0, the statement $\left( {{{\cal U}_{{\rm{idem}}}}} \right)$ implies the iterated Hindman’s theorem (IHT) and we show that $ACA_0^\omega + \left( {{{\cal U}_{{\rm{idem}}}}} \right)$ is ${\rm{\Pi }}_2^1$-conservative over $ACA_0^\omega + IHT$ and thus over $ACA_0^ +$.
FRAÏSSÉ LIMITS OF METRIC STRUCTURES
Authors: YAACOV ITAÏ BEN 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe develop Fraïssé theory, namely the theory of Fraïssé classes and Fraïssé limits, in the context of metric structures. We show that a class of finitely generated structures is Fraïssé if and only if it is the age of a separable approximately homogeneous structure, and conversely, that this structure is necessarily the unique limit of the class, and is universal for it.We do this in a somewhat new approach, in which “finite maps up to errors” are coded by approximate isometries.
BAR RECURSION AND PRODUCTS OF SELECTION FUNCTIONS
Authors: ESCARDÓ MARTÍN , OLIVA PAULO 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe show how two iterated products of selection functions can both be used in conjunction with systemTto interpret, via the dialectica interpretation and modified realizability, full classical analysis. We also show that one iterated product is equivalent over systemTto Spector’s bar recursion, whereas the other isT-equivalent to modified bar recursion. Modified bar recursion itself is shown to arise directly from the iteration of a different binary product of ‘skewed’ selection functions. Iterations of the dependent binary products are also considered but in all cases are shown to beT-equivalent to the iteration of the simple products.
Review of recent research (1998–2012) in German for Academic Purposes (GAP) in comparison with English for Academic Purposes (EAP): cross-influences, synergies and implications for further research
Authors: Jaworska Sylvia 
Published: March 2015

This state-of-the-art review reports on the major studies conducted in the field ofDeutsch als Wissenschaftssprache(academic German) since the late 1990s. To begin with, the current position of German as a language of academic communication nationally and internationally will be discussed, focusing especially on the challenges posed by the status of English as alingua franca. Subsequently, the major research undertaken since the late 1990s will be reviewed and its contribution to the development of teaching materials evaluated. Since studies on academic German have been influenced, to some extent, by research in English for Academic Purposes (EAP), this paper also attempts to dovetail developments in EAP in order to highlight commonalties and differences. The final sections will discuss some potential synergies and implications for further research in both fields.Ziel des Beitrags ist es, einen Überblick über den Forschungsstand im Bereich Deutsch als Wissenschaftssprache (DaW) zu geben. Dabei wird hauptsächlich auf empirische Arbeiten und Forschungsprojekte eingegangen, die in den letzten 15 Jahren abgeschlossen wurden. Zuerst wird der gegenwärtige Status des Deutschen als Wissenschaftssprache in dem wissenschaftlichen Betrieb in den deutschsprachigen Ländern und international kurz besprochen. Ein besonderes Augenmerk wird dabei auf die Problematik gelegt, die durch die Dominanz des Englischen entstanden ist. Darauf folgend werden empirische Studien, die sich mit vielfältigen Aspekten der wissenschaftlichen Kommunikation auf Deutsch befassten, dargestellt und kommentiert. Da viele der Arbeiten didaktischen Zielsetzungen folgten, werden auch anschließend einige neue Ansätze zur Vermittlung des Deutschen als Wissenschaftssprache diskutiert. DaW hat sich in den letzten 20 Jahren zu einem eigenständigen und dynamischen Forschungsfeld entwickelt, das hinsichtlich der Vielfalt und Tiefe der Themen seinem englischen PendantEnglish for Academic Purposes(EAP) in nichts nachsteht. Nichtsdestotrotz kann EAP, das ein umfangreicheres Forschungsgebiet darstellt, viele neue Impulse liefern. Abschließend werden einige theoretische und methodische Aspekte aufgegriffen, die die Forschung in EAP und DaW anregen und bereichern könnten.
Analysis of period-1 passive limit cycles for flexible walking of a biped with knees and point feet
Authors: Moon Jae-Sung , Lee Seong-Min , Bae Joonbum , Youm Youngil 
Published: March 2015

SUMMARYIn this paper, we investigate dynamic walking as a convergence to the system's own limit cycles, not to artificially generated trajectories, which is one of the lessons in the concept of passive dynamic walking. For flexible walking, gait transitions can be performed by moving from one limit cycle to another one, and thus, the flexibility depends on the range in which limit cycles exist. To design a bipedal walker based on this approach, we explore period-1 passive limit cycles formed by natural dynamics and analyze them. We use a biped model with knees and point feet to perform numerical simulations by changing the center of mass locations of the legs. As a result, we obtain mass distributions for the maximum flexibility, which can be attained from very limited location sets. We discuss the effect of parameter variations on passive dynamic walking and how to improve robot design by analyzing walking performance. Finally, we present a practical application to a real bipedal walker, designed to exhibit more flexible walking based on this study.
Heritage Language Education and Identity in the United States
Authors: Leeman Jennifer 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTDespite the frequent references to identity within the field of heritage language education, it is only in the past decade or so that scholars have begun to conduct empirical research on this topic. This article examines recent research on identity and heritage language education in the United States. The article begins with a discussion of the simultaneous development of heritage language education as a field and growth of interest in identity and language learning, followed by a critical examination of the terms “heritage language” and “heritage language education,” as well as of “heritage language learner” as an identity category. Next is a review of empirical studies conducted within the past 5 years, including survey-based research that considered identity in the exploration of students’ reasons for heritage language study, in addition to qualitative and ethnographic research that focused specifically on heritage language learners’ sense of themselves and their relationship to the heritage language, as well as on the ways that heritage language learner identities are constructed, indexed, and negotiated in classroom settings. The next section looks at recent research on pedagogical approaches designed to engage heritage language learners in critical considerations of language and identity. The article concludes with suggestions for future research.
Technologies, Identities, and Expressive Activity
Authors: Thorne Steven L. , Sauro Shannon , Smith Bryan 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTDigital communication technologies both complexify and help to reveal the dynamics of human communicative activity and capacity for identity performance. Addressing current scholarship on second language use and development, this review article examines research on identity in digital settings either as a design element of educational practice or as a function of participation in noninstitutionally located online cultures. We also address new frontiers and communication in the digital wilds, as it were, and here we focus on cultural production in fandom sites and the processes of transcultural authoring and community building visible in these settings.
Voice Quality and Identity
Authors: Podesva Robert J. , Callier Patrick 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTVariation in voice quality has long been recognized to have functions beyond the grammatically distinctive or phonetically useful roles it plays in many languages, indexing information about the speaker, participating in the construction of stance in interaction, or serving to identify the speaker as a unique individual. Though the links between voice quality and identity have been studied in phonetics, sociolinguistics, linguistic anthropology, forensic linguistics, and speech technology, considerable work remains to be done to problematize the ways in which the voice is taken as covering privileged, immediate meanings about the speaker's body and to break apart the ideologies that construct it as an inalienable, unitary, and invariant facet of a speaker's identity. We point out promising directions in recent research on the voice and bring up ideas for where this important area of research should be taken.
Totally disconnected locally compact groups locally of finite rank
Authors: WESOLEK PHILLIP 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe study totally disconnected locally compact second countable (t.d.l.c.s.c.) groups that contain a compact open subgroup with finite rank. We show such groups that additionally admit a pro-π compact open subgroup for some finite set of primes π are virtually an extension of a finite direct product of topologically simple groups by an elementary group. This result, in particular, applies to l.c.s.c.p-adic Lie groups. We go on to obtain a decomposition result for all t.d.l.c.s.c. groups containing a compact open subgroup with finite rank. In the course of proving these theorems, we demonstrate independently interesting structure results for t.d.l.c.s.c. groups with a compact open pro-nilpotent subgroup and for topologically simple l.c.s.c.p-adic Lie groups.
Flow Cytometry and Electron Microscopy Study of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli Treated with Mdc-Hly
Authors: Lu Xuemei , Jin Xiaobao , Zhu Jiayong 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn our previous study, a novel hybrid protein combining human lysozyme (Hly) with Musca domestica cecropin (Mdc) was successfully constructed. The broad antibacterial activity against various foodborne pathogens of Mdc-hly suggests its scope as a food preservative. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antibacterial mechanism of the recombinant Mdc-hly. The damage induced by Mdc-hly on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was investigated using flow cytometry (FC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results of FC showed that Mdc-hly causes bacterial membrane permeabilization. SEM and TEM studies revealed that Mdc-hly is capable of damaging both the membrane and the wall of bacteria, resulting in efflux of essential cytoplasmic contents. Both FC and EM revealed that the effects of Mdc-hly were greater than its parental peptides. Understanding the antibacterial mechanism of Mdc-hly is of a great interest in further utilization of its use in treatment of food and in clinical environments.
BAG3 regulates formation of the SNARE complex and insulin secretion
Authors: Iorio V , Festa M , Rosati A , Hahne M , Tiberti C , Capunzo M , De Laurenzi V , Turco M C 
Published: March 2015

AbstractInsulin release in response to glucose stimulation requires exocytosis of insulin-containing granules. Glucose stimulation of beta cells leads to focal adhesion kinase (FAK) phosphorylation, which acts on the Rho family proteins (Rho, Rac and Cdc42) that direct F-actin remodeling. This process requires docking and fusion of secretory vesicles to the release sites at the plasma membrane and is a complex mechanism that is mediated by SNAREs. This transiently disrupts the F-actin barrier and allows the redistribution of the insulin-containing granules to more peripheral regions of the β cell, hence facilitating insulin secretion. In this manuscript, we show for the first time that BAG3 plays an important role in this process. We show that BAG3 downregulation results in increased insulin secretion in response to glucose stimulation and in disruption of the F-actin network. Moreover, we show that BAG3 binds to SNAP-25 and syntaxin-1, two components of the t-SNARE complex preventing the interaction between SNAP-25 and syntaxin-1. Upon glucose stimulation BAG3 is phosphorylated by FAK and dissociates from SNAP-25 allowing the formation of the SNARE complex, destabilization of the F-actin network and insulin release.
Cytochrome c oxidase deficiency accelerates mitochondrial apoptosis by activating ceramide synthase 6
Authors: Schüll S , Günther S D , Brodesser S , Seeger J M , Tosetti B , Wiegmann K , Pongratz C , Diaz F , Witt A , Andree M , Brinkmann K , Krönke M , Wiesner R J , Kashkar H 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAlthough numerous pathogenic changes within the mitochondrial respiratory chain (RC) have been associated with an elevated occurrence of apoptosis within the affected tissues, the mechanistic insight into how mitochondrial dysfunction initiates apoptotic cell death is still unknown. In this study, we show that the specific alteration of the cytochrome c oxidase (COX), representing a common defect found in mitochondrial diseases, facilitates mitochondrial apoptosis in response to oxidative stress. Our data identified an increased ceramide synthase 6 (CerS6) activity as an important pro-apoptotic response to COX dysfunction induced either by chemical or genetic approaches. The elevated CerS6 activity resulted in accumulation of the pro-apoptotic C16 : 0 ceramide, which facilitates the mitochondrial apoptosis in response to oxidative stress. Accordingly, inhibition of CerS6 or its specific knockdown diminished the increased susceptibility of COX-deficient cells to oxidative stress. Our results provide new insights into how mitochondrial RC dysfunction mechanistically interferes with the apoptotic machinery. On the basis of its pivotal role in regulating cell death upon COX dysfunction, CerS6 might potentially represent a novel target for therapeutic intervention in mitochondrial diseases caused by COX dysfunction.
Degradation of misfolded proteins in neurodegenerative diseases: therapeutic targets and strategies
Authors: Ciechanover Aaron , Kwon Yong Tae 
Published: March 2015

AbstractMammalian cells remove misfolded proteins using various proteolytic systems, including the ubiquitin (Ub)-proteasome system (UPS), chaperone mediated autophagy (CMA) and macroautophagy. The majority of misfolded proteins are degraded by the UPS, in which Ub-conjugated substrates are deubiquitinated, unfolded and cleaved into small peptides when passing through the narrow chamber of the proteasome. The substrates that expose a specific degradation signal, the KFERQ sequence motif, can be delivered to and degraded in lysosomes via the CMA. Aggregation-prone substrates resistant to both the UPS and the CMA can be degraded by macroautophagy, in which cargoes are segregated into autophagosomes before degradation by lysosomal hydrolases. Although most misfolded and aggregated proteins in the human proteome can be degraded by cellular protein quality control, some native and mutant proteins prone to aggregation intoβ-sheet-enriched oligomers are resistant to all known proteolytic pathways and can thus grow into inclusion bodies or extracellular plaques. The accumulation of protease-resistant misfolded and aggregated proteins is a common mechanism underlying protein misfolding disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases such as Huntington’s disease (HD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), prion diseases and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). In this review, we provide an overview of the proteolytic pathways in neurons, with an emphasis on the UPS, CMA and macroautophagy, and discuss the role of protein quality control in the degradation of pathogenic proteins in neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, we examine existing putative therapeutic strategies to efficiently remove cytotoxic proteins from degenerating neurons.
Marked seasonality and high spatial variability of protist communities in shallow freshwater systems
Authors: Simon Marianne , López-García Purificación , Deschamps Philippe , Moreira David , Restoux Gwendal , Bertolino Paola , Jardillier Ludwig 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Small eukaryotes have key roles in aquatic ecosystems, influencing their local environment, global biogeochemical cycles and climate. Their impact depends on community structure, which varies along time. However, very few studies take into account temporal variation. This is especially true for small, shallow freshwater systems, which remain largely understudied despite their wide variety, global surface and intense microbial activity. We have monthly followed changes in the community structure of small microbial eukaryotes (0.2–5 μm cell diameter) for 2 years in four ponds and one brook located in North-Western France based on massive 18S rDNA amplicon 454 pyrosequencing. We detected a total of 3742 stringently defined operational taxonomic units (OTUs) encompassing all recognized eukaryotic supergroups and lineages of uncertain affiliation. Although geographically close, protist communities in the five ecosystems were contrasting, with very few shared OTUs, suggesting that environmental selection mainly drives community structure. The temporal dynamics of different high-rank taxa appeared complex and rapid at monthly scales. Despite this, a clear and reproducible seasonality was observed. As expected, low-abundance OTUs dominated the community. Although some of them appeared sporadically or remained at low frequencies during the survey, others occasionally reached relatively high abundances, sometimes recurrently. This shows that at least a fraction of low-abundance eukaryotes constitutes a seed bank. The annual proportion of primary producers, free-living heterotrophs and parasites appeared remarkably constant among the different ecosystems, suggesting underlying trends of ecosystem carrying capacity for these functional groups.
A high-resolution optically addressed spatial light modulator based on ZnO nanoparticles
Authors: Shrestha Pawan Kumar , Chun Young Tea , Chu Daping 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAn optically addressed spatial light modulator (OASLM) can modulate the wavefront of a read light by displaying a phase pattern or a hologram configured by the intensity distribution of a write light. Using ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) as a novel photoconductor, a high-resolution OASLM was fabricated. A ZnO NP suspension was spin-coated on an indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass substrate and annealed to form a photosensitive layer. The device was characterized electrically and optically. The device was operated at low driving voltages in the transmission mode. Updatable recording of a diffraction grating up to 825 lp mm−1 with a diffraction efficiency (DE) of 0.05% and binary holograms with pixel sizes from 2 µm down to 0.72 µm were demonstrated using a 405 nm wavelength write laser and a 635 nm wavelength read laser.
Pharmaceutical integrated stress response enhancement protects oligodendrocytes and provides a potential multiple sclerosis therapeutic
Authors: Way Sharon W. , Podojil Joseph R. , Clayton Benjamin L. , Zaremba Anita , Collins Tassie L. , Kunjamma Rejani B. , Robinson Andrew P. , Brugarolas Pedro , Miller Robert H. , Miller Stephen D. , Popko Brian 
Published: March 2015

AbstractOligodendrocyte death contributes to the pathogenesis of the inflammatory demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis (MS). Nevertheless, current MS therapies are mainly immunomodulatory and have demonstrated limited ability to inhibit MS progression. Protection of oligodendrocytes is therefore a desirable strategy for alleviating disease. Here we demonstrate that enhancement of the integrated stress response using the FDA-approved drug guanabenz increases oligodendrocyte survival in culture and prevents hypomyelination in cerebellar explants in the presence of interferon-γ, a pro-inflammatory cytokine implicated in MS pathogenesis. In vivo, guanabenz treatment protects against oligodendrocyte loss caused by CNS-specific expression of interferon-γ. In a mouse model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, guanabenz alleviates clinical symptoms, which correlates with increased oligodendrocyte survival and diminished CNS CD4+ T cell accumulation. Moreover, guanabenz ameliorates relapse in relapsing-remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Our results provide support for a MS therapy that enhances the integrated stress response to protect oligodendrocytes against the inflammatory CNS environment.
On a growth model for complex networks capable of producing power-law out-degree distributions with wide range exponents
Authors: Esquivel-Gómez J. , Arjona-Villicaña P. D. , Stevens-Navarro E. , Pineda-Rico U. , Balderas-Navarro R. E. , Acosta-Elias J. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe out-degree distribution is one of the most reported topological properties to characterize real complex networks. This property describes the probability that a node in the network has a particular number of outgoing links. It has been found that in many real complex networks the out-degree has a behavior similar to a power-law distribution, therefore some network growth models have been proposed to approximate this behavior. This paper introduces a new growth model that allows to produce out-degree distributions that decay as a power-law with an exponent in the range from 1 to ∞.