bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Historical recovery heroes – Charles Darwin
Authors: Wakely Elizabeth , Carson Jerome 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe paper reviews Darwin's health problems and suggests they may have been a “creative malady”.Design/methodology/approachThe authors look at Darwin's upbringing, his career and achievements, evidence for mental illness and his status as a historical recovery hero.FindingsIn addition to the published literature, Darwin himself acknowledged that his health problems enabled him to dedicate his life to his scientific research.Originality/valueThe authors combine their perspectives as a historian and psychologist to interpret the literature on Darwin's illness.
Mental health care clusters and payment by results: considerations for social inclusion and recovery
Authors: Clark Michael 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThis paper aims to critically examine the emerging policy agenda of payment by results (PbR) and care clusters in order to identify how to engage with it to ensure it is supportive of social inclusion and recovery.Design/methodology/approachCare clusters and PbR for mental health care are critically examined.FindingsThere is scope in the ongoing development of care clusters and associated pathways to continue the progressive developments towards recovery and social inclusion in the commissioning and delivery of mental health care, but they need to be nurtured and actively pursued.Practical implicationsThe care clusters and developments building on them provide scope for supporting social inclusion and recovery practice, but also some risks; hence, those with an interest in furthering such practice need to engage now locally and nationally with care clusters developments.Originality/valuePbR is being pursued as a policy for commissioning mental health care in England, based on a model of care clusters. This paper discusses the move to PbR and its possible implications for the recovery and social inclusion agenda.
Restructuring in the Toyotakeiretsuduring the Asian financial crash
Authors: Mehri Darius 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe economic downturn in Japan in the 1990s and the Asian economic crash of 1997 led to widespread restructuring of corporate organizations in Japan. This paper aims to use ethnographic fieldwork, in‐depth interviews and historical documents to examine how this played out inside one company, Toyota, when management implemented a restructuring plan to improve the profitability of one of its group companies during the period of 1996 to 1999. It also aims to discuss the restructuring policies within the framework of how Toyota responded to the economic crisis during a time of deregulation and liberal market reforms resulting from the decade of economic malaise that began in the early 1990s. A hallmark of the current debate on analyzing Japanese organizations is to what extent Japan is converging on the American model of capitalism.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on fieldwork drawn from three years as a participant observer where the author worked as a production engineer together with interviews with those he worked alongside and documentary analysis.FindingsThe paper argues that the company responded to the economic crisis of the 1990s by implementing liberal market reforms but changes in the 1990s and during the Asian crash reveal that Toyota used liberal market policies as restructuring “tools” within the context of the unique institutions of Japanese welfare corporatism.Originality/valueThe strength of this paper is that it provides an insider's perspective on restructuring in a Toyota company. Conceptually the paper improves our understanding of how institutional structures contribute to shaping the restructuring in Japanese organizations.
Consecutive oral administration of Bifidobacterium longum MM‐2 improves the defense system against influenza virus infection by enhancing natural killer cell activity in a murine model
Authors: Kawahara Tomohiro , Takahashi Tadanobu , Oishi Kenta , Tanaka Hiromu , Masuda Midori , Takahashi Shunsaku , Takano Maiko , Kawakami Tatsuya , Fukushima Keijo , Kanazawa Hiroaki , Suzuki Takashi 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTBifidobacterium, one of the major components of intestinal microflora, shows anti‐influenza virus (IFV) potential as a probiotic, partly through enhancement of innate immunity by modulation of the intestinal immune system. Bifidobacterium longum MM‐2 (MM‐2), a very safe bacterium in humans, was isolated from healthy humans and its protective effect against IFV infection in a murine model shown. In mice that were intranasally inoculated with IFV, oral administration of MM‐2 for 17 consecutive days improved clinical symptoms, reduced mortality, suppressed inflammation in the lower respiratory tract, and decreased virus titers, cell death, and pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as IL‐6 and TNF‐α in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The anti‐IFV mechanism of MM‐2 involves innate immunity through significant increases in NK cell activities in the lungs and spleen and a significant increase in pulmonary gene expression of NK cell activators such as IFN‐γ, IL‐2, IL‐12 and IL‐18. Even in non‐infected mice, MM‐2 administration also induced significant enhancement of both IFN‐γ production by Peyer's patch cells (PPs) and splenetic NK cell activity. Oral administration of MM‐2 for 17 days activates systemic immunoreactivity in PPs, which contributes to innate immunity, including NK cell activation, resulting in an anti‐IFV effect. MM‐2 as a probiotic may function as a prophylactic agent in the management of an IFV epidemic.
Levonorgestrel decreases cilia beat frequency of human fallopian tubes and rat oviducts without changing morphological structure
Authors: Zhao Weihong , Zhu Qian , Yan Mingxing , Li Cheng , Yuan Jiangjing , Qin Guojuan , Zhang Jian 
Published: November 2014

SummaryLevonorgestrel, a derivative of progesterone, effectively protects women against unwanted pregnancy as an emergency contraceptive. Previous studies have not been successful in determining the mechanism by which levonorgestrel acts. In the present study we analysed cilia beat action and cilia morphology following levonorgestrel exposure in vitro and in vivo using both light and electron microscopy. There was a significant decrease in the ciliary beat frequency (CBF) of human fallopian tubes between mucosal explants bathed in 5 μmol/L levonorgestrel and those bathed in medium alone (P < 0.05). There was a tendency for CBF to decrease more in the ampulla than in isthmus, but there were no differences between the proliferative and secretory phases. In rat oviducts, levonorgestrel produced a similar reduction in CBF (~ 10%) compared with the saline control group (P < 0.05). Histological and ultrastructural analysis demonstrated no changes in the percentage of ciliated cells or in the classic ‘9 + 2’ structure of cilia following levonorgestrel treatment in either system. Thus, levonorgestrel reduces CBF without damaging cilia morphology. Decreases in CBF may indicate a pathological role for levonorgestrel in the transportation of the ovum and zygote in the fallopian tube.
Color Separation in Forensic Image Processing Using Interactive Differential Evolution
Authors: Mushtaq Harris , Rahnamayan Shahryar , Siddiqi Areeb 
Published: November 2014

AbstractColor separation is an image processing technique that has often been used in forensic applications to differentiate among variant colors and to remove unwanted image interference. This process can reveal important information such as covered text or fingerprints in forensic investigation procedures. However, several limitations prevent users from selecting the appropriate parameters pertaining to the desired and undesired colors. This study proposes the hybridization of an interactive differential evolution (IDE) and a color separation technique that no longer requires users to guess required control parameters. The IDE algorithm optimizes these parameters in an interactive manner by utilizing human visual judgment to uncover desired objects. A comprehensive experimental verification has been conducted on various sample test images, including heavily obscured texts, texts with subtle color variations, and fingerprint smudges. The advantage of IDE is apparent as it effectively optimizes the color separation parameters at a level indiscernible to the naked eyes.
Comparison of 3 Selective Media for Enumeration of Bacillus cereus in Several Food Matrixes
Authors: Chon Jung‐Whan , Song Kwang‐Young , Kim Hyunsook , Seo Kun‐Ho 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn this study, we compared the inclusivity, exclusivity, recoverability, and selectivity of the 3 selective agars (mannitol yolk polymyxin B agar [MYPA], polymyxin pyruvate egg yolk mannitol bromothymol blue agar [PEMBA], and Brillance Bacillus cereus agar [BBC agar]) for Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) from pure culture and several food samples. BBC agar showed greater exclusivity and selectivity in pure culture and in foods with high background flora, respectively; however, all the tested media showed similar recoverability (P > 0.05) of B. cereus in pure culture and in most foods. Our results suggest that BBC agar could be useful to enumerate B. cereus from, in particular, food matrixes with high background competing micro flora.
Postprandial glucose, insulin and incretin responses to different carbohydrate tolerance tests
Authors: Deng Yuying , Zhang Yifei , Zheng Sheng , Hong Jie , Wang Chunling , Liu Ting , Sun Zhehao , Gu Weiqiong , Gu Yanyun , Shi Juan , Yao Shuangshuang , Wang Weiqing , Ning Guang 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundFew studies have focused on postprandial incretin responses to different carbohydrate meals. Therefore, we designed a study to compare the different effects of two carbohydrates (75 g oral glucose, a monosaccharide and 100 g standard noodle, a polysaccharide, with 75 g carbohydrates equivalently) on postprandial glucose, insulin and incretin responses in different glucose tolerance groups.MethodsThis study was an open‐label, randomized, two‐way crossover clinical trial. 240 participants were assigned to take two carbohydrates in a randomized order separated by a washout period of 5–7 days. The plasma glucose, insulin, c‐peptide, glucagon and active glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (AGLP‐1) were measured. The incremental area under curve above baseline from 0 to 120 min of insulin (iAUC0–120 min‐INS) and AGLP‐1(iAUC0–120 min‐AGLP‐1) was calculated.ResultsCompared with standard noodles, the plasma glucose and insulin after consumption of oral glucose were higher at 30 min (both P < 0.001) and 60 min (both P < 0.001), while lower at 180 min (both P < 0.001), but no differences were found at 120 min. The glucagon at 180 min was higher after consumption of oral glucose (P = 0.010). The AGLP‐1 response to oral glucose was higher at 30 min (P < 0.001), 60 min (P < 0.001) and 120 min (P = 0.022), but lower at 180 min (P = 0.027). In normal glucose tolerance (NGT), oral glucose elicited a higher insulin response to the corresponding AGLP‐1 (P < 0.001), which was represented by iAUC0–120 min‐INS /iAUC0–120 min‐AGLP‐1, while in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), standard noodles did (P = 0.001).ConclusionsMonosaccharide potentiated more rapid and higher glycemic and insulin responses. Oral glucose of liquid state would elicit a more potent release of AGLP‐1. The incretin effect was amplified after consumption of standard noodles in T2DM.
Food Co‐ops and the Paradox of Exclusivity
Authors: Zitcer Andrew 
Published: November 2014

AbstractConsumer food cooperatives constitute a vital part of the alternative food movement in the United States, alongside farmers' markets, community‐supported agriculture, community gardens and other initiatives. Like these efforts, food co‐ops seek to counter the dominance of industrial agriculture and the decimation of local economies. Yet food co‐ops wrestle with a paradox of exclusivity, whereby some practices and people are inadvertently left out in order to create conditions for a strong identification among others with particular ways of being and doing. This article explores the paradox of exclusivity through an in‐depth study of two food co‐ops in Philadelphia, PA. Exclusivity manifests itself in what the co‐ops sell, their business practices, and how they market themselves to potential members. Overcoming the paradox of exclusivity requires efforts towards affordability, accessibility and reflective practice in order for co‐ops to realize their transformative social and economic potential.
Trivariate Biharmonic B‐Splines
Authors: Hou Fei , Qin Hong , Hao Aimin 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we formulate a novel trivariate biharmonic B‐spline defined over bounded volumetric domain. The properties of bi‐Laplacian have been well investigated, but the straightforward generalization from bivariate case to trivariate one gives rise to unsatisfactory discretization, due to the dramatically uneven distribution of neighbouring knots in 3D. To ameliorate, our original idea is to extend the bivariate biharmonic B‐spline to the trivariate one with novel formulations based on quadratic programming, approximating the properties of localization and partition of unity. And we design a novel discrete biharmonic operator which is optimized more robustly for a specific set of functions for unevenly sampled knots compared with previous methods. Our experiments demonstrate that our 3D discrete biharmonic operators are robust for unevenly distributed knots and illustrate that our algorithm is superior to previous algorithms.
Gender‐Linked Stem Cell Alterations in Stroke and Postpartum Depression
Authors: Pabón Mibel M. , Ji Xun‐Ming , Fernandez Jamie Winderbaum , Borlongan Cesar V. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryStroke is a significant unmet clinical need. The current stroke treatment of tissue plasminogen activator is limited to the very acute 4.5 h after disease onset which benefits only less than 3% of ischemic stroke patients. Our overarching hypothesis advances the notion that gender, which has been established as a comorbidity factor of stroke, plays a key role in regenerative medicine, in particular stem cell therapy. We hypothesize that gender is a key factor in culture‐induced stemness of adult stem cells. Our goal is to provide new evidence supporting gender effects on stroke and stem cells for the purpose of enhancing our understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease and developing novel stem cell‐based therapeutics targeting gender‐relevant stress hormones as manifested in a stroke‐postpartum depression paradigm.
Therapeutic Effects of Fucoidan in 6‐Hydroxydopamine‐Lesioned Rat Model of Parkinson's disease: Role of NADPH oxidase‐1
Authors: Zhang Fei‐Long , He Yi , Zheng Yan , Zhang Wen‐Jing , Wang Qi , Jia Yan‐Jun , Song Hai‐Long , An Hai‐Ting , Zhang Hao‐Bo , Qian Yan‐Jing , Tong Yu‐Long , Dong Lin , Wang Xiao‐Min 
Published: November 2014

SummaryAimsTo explore the effect of fucoidan treatment on oxidative stress‐mediated dopaminergic neuronal damage and its potential mechanisms.MethodsThe effect of fucoidan was investigated in a 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA) rat model of PD, an animal model considered appropriate for preclinical studies of PD therapy. The effects of fucoidan treatment on animal behavior and the survival ratio of dopaminergic neurons were investigated. We further observed the effect of fucoidan on microglia and the NADPH oxidases‐1 (Nox1), a family of enzymes generating reactive oxygen species (ROS).ResultsWe found that chronic fucoidan administration mitigated the motor dysfunction induced by 6‐OHDA. Similarly, fucoidan reduced the loss of DA neurons in the SNc and DA fibers in the striatum in 6‐OHDA‐lesioned rats. Moreover, we found that fucoidan inhibited the 6‐OHDA‐stimulating expression of Nox1 in both tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)‐positive neurons and non‐TH‐positive neurons, prevented Nox1‐sensitive oxidative stress and cell damage in SNc neurons. Fucoidan also effectively inhibited nigral microglial activation.ConclusionThese results support the beneficial effect of fucoidan in 6‐OHDA‐lesioned rat model of PD. Fucoidan may suppress the Nox1‐triggered oxidative stress in the SNc to protect DA neurons from 6‐OHDA‐induced toxicity and achieve its beneficial effect.
Structural and biochemical characterization of the dual substrate recognition of the (R)‐selective amine transaminase from Aspergillus fumigatus
Authors: Skalden Lilly , Thomsen Maren , Höhne Matthias , Bornscheuer Uwe T. , Hinrichs Winfried 
Published: November 2014

Chiral amines are important precursors for the pharmaceutical and fine‐chemical industries. Because of this, the demand for enantiopure amines is currently increasing. Amine transaminases can produce a large spectrum of chiral amines in the (R)‐ or (S)‐configuration, depending on their substrate scope and stereo‐preference, by converting a prochiral ketone into the chiral amine while using alanine as the amine donor producing pyruvate as an α‐keto acid product. In order to guide the protein engineering of transaminases to improve substrate specificity and enantioselectivity, we carried out a crystal structure analysis at 1.6 Å resolution of the (R)‐amine transaminase from Aspergillus fumigatus with the bound inhibitor gabaculine. This revealed that Arg126 has an important role in the dual substrate recognition of this enzyme because mutating this residue to alanine reduced substantially the ability of the enzyme to use pyruvate as an amino acceptor.DatabaseCoordinates and structure factors have been deposited with the Protein Data Bank under accession code 4UUG.
Effects of Natura 2000 and habitat variables used for habitat assessment on beetle assemblages in European beech forests
Authors: Zehetmair Tobias , Müller Jörg , Zharov Alexey , Gruppe Axel 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe Natura 2000 (N2000) network intends to conserve Europe's threatened habitats and species by selecting a complementary set of areas of various habitat types across geographical space to cover the range of diversity.We studied beetles and habitat variables used for N2000 habitat assessment in 11 pairs of commercially exploited N2000 and non‐N2000 forest stands (80–120 years old) of one habitat type (9130Asperulo‐Fagetum) in three biogeographical regions (Atlantic, Continental, Mediterranean). We addressed three main questions: (i) Is beetle diversity affected by climatic, spatial and structural variables and how? (ii) Does N2000 status affect beetle diversity and habitat quality? (iii) Are the habitat variables used for N2000 habitat assessment decisive for beetle communities?Climate and spatial variables had the largest impacts on beetle communities which supports the value of N2000 as a transnational network of protected areas over different climatic conditions. Forest structures had a minor cumulative impact on beetle assemblages. N2000 had no effects on beetle diversity or forest structures. We conclude that these commercially exploited N2000 stands do not presently represent better habitats relative to the commercially exploited non‐N2000 stands. However, significant effects on beetle communities were found for ‘beech proportion’, ‘tree species’, ‘forest layering’, ‘deadwood’ and ‘habitat trees’, which confirms the suitability of these parameters for habitat assessment in the N2000 process.We conclude that additional efforts are required in N2000 areas (e.g. implementation of specific management plans) to develop and ensure an ecologically effective and sustainable network to preserve Europe's biodiversity.
Young adults' views on the relevance of three measures for oral health‐related quality of life
Authors: Johansson G , Söderfeldt B , Östberg A‐L 
Published: November 2014

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore the views of young adults on the relevance of three measures of oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL).MethodsSixteen young adults aged 21–29 years were interviewed. The selection was strategic with reference to age (21–25 years.; 26–30 years), sex and education (university degree; upper secondary school). The interview guide covered areas on the content and construction of the measures: The Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP), the Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (OIDP) and the Oral Health‐Related Quality of Life UK (OHRQoL‐UK). The data were analysed using qualitative content analysis.ResultsA theme expressing the latent content was formulated during the data analysis: ‘young adults' own experiences were reflected in their views on the OHRQoL measures’; that is, the experiences of young adults of own oral problems and aspects that were found to be especially important for their age group influenced their view on the measures. The self‐reported ability to understand and answer the questions varied and the perceived advantages and disadvantages were almost equally distributed among the three measures.ConclusionsThe OHIP, OIDP and OHRQoL‐UK were evaluated as being equal by the young adults in this study, with regard both to their pros and cons. The clarity of the measures was regarded as the most important factor, while the length and assessment period were less significant.
Medication‐administration errors in an urban mental health hospital: A direct observation study
Authors: Cottney Alan , Innes James 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn the present study, we aimed to identify the incidence, type, and potential clinical consequence of medication‐administration errors made in a mental health hospital, and to investigate factors that might increase the risk of error. A prospective, direct observational technique was used to collect data from nurse medication rounds on each of the hospital's 43 inpatient wards. Regression analysis was used to identify potential error predictors. During the 172 medication rounds observed, 139 errors were detected in 4177 (3.3%) opportunities. The most common error was incorrect dose omission (52/139, 37%). Other common errors included incorrect dose (25/139, 18%), incorrect form (16/139, 12%), and incorrect time (12/139, 9%). Fifteen (11%) of the errors were of serious clinical severity; the rest were of negligible or minor severity. Factors that increased the risk of error included the nurse interrupting the medication round to attend to another activity, an increased number of ‘when required’ doses of medication administered, a higher number of patients on the ward, and an increased number of doses of medication due. These findings suggest that providers of inpatient mental health‐care services should adopt medicine‐administration systems that minimize task interruption and the use of ‘when required’ medication, as well as taking steps to reduce nursing workload.
Raman Spectra, Infrared Spectra, and Microwave Dielectric Properties of Low‐Temperature Firing [(Li0.5Ln0.5)1−xCax]MoO4 (Ln = Sm and Nd) Solid Solution Ceramics with Scheelite Structure
Authors: Xi Hai‐Hong , Zhou Di , Xie Hui‐Dong , He Bin , Wang Qiu‐Ping 
Published: November 2014

In this work, a series of scheelite solid solution [(Li0.5Ln0.5)1−xCax]MoO4 (Ln = Sm and Nd; x = 0.20, 0.40, 0.60, 0.70, 0.80, 0.85, 0.90) ceramics were prepared by conventional solid‐state reaction method. The sintering temperature was lowered to 925°C by (Li0.5Ln0.5)2+ substituting for Ca2+ in the solid solution without any secondary phase. Compared with that of scheelite CaMoO4 (−57 ppm/°C), the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (TCF or τf) of the scheelite solid solution was modified to near zero (about +4.3 ppm/°C) at x = 0.8 with a dielectric constant 11.0 and the quality factor (Q × f value) of 18 695 GHz. The Raman spectra, showed the degree of disordering increased with x value, which resulted in decrease in the permittivities and increase in the Q × f values. The infrared spectra were analyzed using the classical harmonic oscillator model and were extrapolated to the microwave range. The chemical compatibility with silver electrode indicated that the reported series of ceramics were good candidates for the low‐temperature cofired ceramic applications.