bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correction of Intermetatarsal Angle in Hallux Valgus Using Small Suture Button Device
Authors: Holmes George B. , Hsu Andrew R. 
Published: April 2013

Background: Hallux valgus is a common foot ailment causing pain and disability, and correction of the intermetatarsal angle (IMA) deformity is often accomplished using a first metatarsal distal or proximal osteotomy. These osteotomies can be technically challenging and may lead to complications such as loss of fixation, shortening of the first metatarsal, avascular necrosis, malunion, and nonunion. Endobuttons (Mini TightRope device) provide an alternative to first metatarsal osteotomies for correction of the IMA. The purpose of this preliminary study was to determine the short-term clinical and radiographic outcomes of hallux valgus correction using the Mini TightRope. Methods: A total of 14 cases of hallux valgus correction using the Mini TightRope technique with a 1.1-mm drill and mini-buttress plate were reviewed. Clinical examinations and radiographs were performed preoperatively and postoperatively at 1-week (non-weight-bearing), 3-month (weight-bearing), and 6-month (weight-bearing) follow-up. Results: The overall 1-week postoperative decreases in IMA and hallux valgus angle (HVA) of all cases compared with preoperative status were 9 degrees and 28 degrees, respectively. Decreases in IMA and HVA continued at 3 months postoperatively but to a lesser extent, with decreases of 7 degrees and 20 degrees, respectively. Reductions in IMA and HVA were maintained through 6 months of follow-up compared with preoperatively, with IMA and HVA decreases of 6 degrees and 19 degrees, respectively. Two minor soft-tissue complications and 1 intraoperative second metatarsal fracture were treated with a buttress plate, with uneventful healing. Conclusions: Overall short-term results demonstrated notable improvements in IMA and HVA with use of the Mini TightRope, and few early complications were associated with the procedure. Level of Evidence: Level IV, retrospective case series.
Efficient techniques for genotype‐phenotype correlational analysis
Authors: Saha Subrata , Rajasekaran Sanguthevar , Bi Jinbo , Pathak Sudipta 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Background
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) are sequence variations found in individuals at some specific points in the genomic sequence. As SNPs are highly conserved throughout evolution and within a population, the map of SNPs serves as an excellent genotypic marker. Conventional SNPs analysis mechanisms suffer from large run times, inefficient memory usage, and frequent overestimation. In this paper, we propose efficient, scalable, and reliable algorithms to select a small subset of SNPs from a large set of SNPs which can together be employed to perform phenotypic classification.

Methods
Our algorithms exploit the techniques of gene selection and random projections to identify a meaningful subset of SNPs. To the best of our knowledge, these techniques have not been employed before in the context of genotype‐phenotype correlations. Random projections are used to project the input data into a lower dimensional space (closely preserving distances). Gene selection is then applied on the projected data to identify a subset of the most relevant SNPs.

Results
We have compared the performance of our algorithms with one of the currently known best algorithms called Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction (MDR), and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) technique. Experimental results demonstrate that our algorithms are superior in terms of accuracy as well as run time.

Conclusions
In our proposed techniques, random projection is used to map data from a high dimensional space to a lower dimensional space, and thus overcomes the curse of dimensionality problem. From this space of reduced dimension, we select the best subset of attributes. It is a unique mechanism in the domain of SNPs analysis, and to the best of our knowledge it is not employed before. As revealed by our experimental results, our proposed techniques offer the potential of high accuracies while keeping the run times low.
Traumatic axonal injury in the mouse is accompanied by a dynamic inflammatory response, astroglial reactivity and complex behavioral changes
Authors: Ekmark-Lewén Sara , Flygt Johanna , Kiwanuka Olivia , Meyerson Bengt J , Lewén Anders , Hillered Lars , Marklund Niklas 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Background
Diffuse traumatic axonal injury (TAI), a common consequence of traumatic brain injury, is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Inflammatory processes may play an important role in the pathophysiology of TAI. In the central fluid percussion injury (cFPI) TAI model in mice, the neuroinflammatory and astroglial response and behavioral changes are unknown.

Methods
Twenty cFPI-injured and nine sham-injured mice were used, and the neuroinflammatory and astroglial response was evaluated by immunohistochemistry at 1, 3 and 7 days post-injury. The multivariate concentric square field test (MCSF) was used to compare complex behavioral changes in mice subjected to cFPI (n = 16) or sham injury (n = 10). Data was analyzed using non-parametric statistics and principal component analysis (MCSF data).

Results
At all post-injury time points, β-amyloid precursor protein (β-APP) immunoreactivity revealed widespread bilateral axonal injury and IgG immunostaining showed increased blood–brain barrier permeability. Using vimentin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunohistochemistry, glial cell reactivity was observed in cortical regions and important white matter tracts peaking at three days post-injury. Only vimentin was increased post-injury in the internal capsule and only GFAP in the thalamus. Compared to sham-injured controls, an increased number of activated microglia (MAC-2), infiltrating neutrophils (GR-1) and T-cells (CD3) appearing one day after TAI (P<0.05 for all cell types) was observed in subcortical white matter. In the MCSF, the behavioral patterns including general activity and exploratory behavior differed between cFPI mice and sham-injured controls.

Conclusions
Traumatic axonal injury TAI resulted in marked bilateral astroglial and neuroinflammatory responses and complex behavioral changes. The cFPI model in mice appears suitable for the study of injury mechanisms, including neuroinflammation, and the development of treatments targeting TAI.
Invasive cells in animals and plants: searching for LECA machineries in later eukaryotic life
Authors: Vaškovičová Katarína , Žárský Viktor , Rösel Daniel , Nikolič Margaret , Buccione Roberto , Cvrčková Fatima , Brábek Jan 
Published: April 2013

AbstractInvasive cell growth and migration is usually considered a specifically metazoan phenomenon. However, common features and mechanisms of cytoskeletal rearrangements, membrane trafficking and signalling processes contribute to cellular invasiveness in organisms as diverse as metazoans and plants – two eukaryotic realms genealogically connected only through the last common eukaryotic ancestor (LECA). By comparing current understanding of cell invasiveness in model cell types of both metazoan and plant origin (invadopodia of transformed metazoan cells, neurites, pollen tubes and root hairs), we document that invasive cell behavior in both lineages depends on similar mechanisms. While some superficially analogous processes may have arisen independently by convergent evolution (e.g. secretion of substrate- or tissue-macerating enzymes by both animal and plant cells), at the heart of cell invasion is an evolutionarily conserved machinery of cellular polarization and oriented cell mobilization, involving the actin cytoskeleton and the secretory pathway. Its central components - small GTPases (in particular RHO, but also ARF and Rab), their specialized effectors, actin and associated proteins, the exocyst complex essential for polarized secretion, or components of the phospholipid- and redox- based signalling circuits (inositol-phospholipid kinases/PIP2, NADPH oxidases) are aparently homologous among plants and metazoans, indicating that they were present already in LECA.Reviewer:This article was reviewed by Arcady Mushegian, Valerian Dolja and Purificacion Lopez-Garcia.
Wild edible plants of Belarus: from Rostafiński’s questionnaire of 1883 to the present
Authors: Łuczaj Łukasz , Köhler Piotr , Pirożnikow Ewa , Graniszewska Maja , Pieroni Andrea , Gervasi Tanya 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Background
Belarus is an Eastern European country, which has been little studied ethnobotanically. The aim of the study was to compare largely unpublished 19th century sources with more contemporary data on the use of wild food plants.

Methods
The information on 19th century uses is based on twelve, mainly unpublished, responses to Józef Rostafiński’s questionnaire from 1883, and the newly discovered materials of the ethnographer Michał Federowski, who structured his data according to Rostafiński’s questionnaire and documented it with voucher specimens. Rostafiński’s questionnaire was concerned mainly with Polish territories, but for historical reasons this also encompassed a large part of Belarus, and we analyzed only the twelve responses (out of the few hundred Rostafiński obtained), which concerned the present Belarus. These data were compared with a few 20th century ethnographic sources, and our own 40 interviews and questionnaires from Belarus.

Results and discussion
58 taxa of wild food plants used in the 19th century were identified. Some of them are still used in modern Belarus, others are probably completely forgotten. In the 19th century several species of wild greens were widely used for making soups. Apart from Rumex, other wild greens are now either forgotten or rarely used. The list of species used in the 20th and 21st century encompasses 67 taxa. Nearly half of them were mentioned by Rostafiński’s respondents. The list of fruit species has not changed much, although in the 19th century fruits were mainly eaten raw, or with dairy or floury dishes, and now apart from being eaten raw, they are incorporated in sweet dishes like jams or cakes. Modern comparative data also contain several alien species, some of which have escaped from cultivation and are gathered from a semi-wild state, as well as children's snacks, which were probably collected in the 19th century but were not recorded back then.

Conclusion
The responses to Rostafiński from 1883 present extremely valuable historical material as the use of wild food plants in Belarus has since undergone drastic changes, similar to those, which have taken place in other Eastern European countries.
A Novel Triangular Macrocyclic Compound, [(tmeda)Pt(azpy)]3(PF6)6·13H2O (tmeda: Tetramethylethylenediamine, azpy: 4,4′-Azopyridine)
Authors: Hashiguchi Ryota , Otsubo Kazuya , Ohtsu Hideki , Kitagawa Hiroshi 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
A novel triangle-shaped macrocyclic complex, [(tmeda)Pt(azpy)]3(PF6)6·13H2O (tmeda: tetramethylethylenediamine, azpy: 4,4′-azopyridine) has been successfully synthesized via self-assembly of [(tmeda)PtCl2] with a bulky capping ligand, tmeda and flexible organic linker, azpy. 1H NMR results show the realization of a triangle-shaped complex as a major component of the self-assembly. The single-crystal X-ray study shows its shape to be an equilateral triangle with ca. 2.1 nm sides.
Synthesis of Porous Gold Based on Gold–Thiol Coordination Polymer and Its Application in SERS Detection with High Activity and High Reproducibility
Authors: He Min , Zhang Nan-Tong , Yu Xin-Yao , Jia Yong , Sun Bai , Meng Fan-Li , Jin Zhen , Liu Jin-Huai , Luo Tao 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
The Au–thiol coordination polymer with the structure of [–S–(CH2)3–S–Au–]n was synthesized from 1,3-propanedithiol and hydrogen tetrachloroaurate via a hydrothermal method. Through reduction, the as-synthesized polymer was transformed to a porous Au, which was studied as a SERS-active material. Dependent on the uniform spacing of Au atoms sustained by the ligand of thiol, outstanding SERS reproducibility of the as-prepared porous Au was achieved.
A thyroxine absorption test followed by weekly thyroxine administration: a method to assess non-adherence to treatment
Authors: Walker J N , Shillo P , Ibbotson V , Vincent A , Karavitaki N , Weetman A P , Wass J A H , Allahabadia A 
Published: April 2013

ObjectiveFor patients who remain hypothyroid despite the administration of what would seem adequate doses of levothyroxine (l-T4), the underlying cause can be difficult to determine. The possibility of a biological cause should first be explored; however, in the majority of cases, poor adherence to medication is likely to be the main cause of treatment failure. When non-adherence is suspected but not volunteered, options to confirm the suspicion are limited. In this study, we identified patients for whom known drugs and pathological causes of l-T4 malabsorption were excluded, and despite often high doses of l-T4, the patients remained hypothyroid.DesignUsing a weight-determined oral l-T4 bolus administration, absorption was initially assessed in 23 patients. In nearly all patients, this was shown to be maximal at 120 min post-ingestion. This was then followed by the continued administration of a weekly T4 bolus for a 4-week period after which TSH and free T4 (fT4) levels were recorded.ResultsAll patients showed a rise in fT4 at 120 min following the administration of the l-T4 bolus, with a mean increase of 54±3% from baseline. Following the treatment period, using an equivalent weekly l-T4 dose, which was significantly less than that of the daily dose taken by the patients before the test, TSH reduced from baseline in ∼75% of cases.ConclusionUsing this combination of tests allows significant malabsorptive problems to be identified first and then potential non-adherence to be demonstrated. A management plan can then be implemented to increase adherence, aiming to improve treatment outcomes.
Feeding Infants with Cleft Lip and/or Palate in Brazil: Suggestions to Improve Health Policy and Research
Authors: Gil-Da-Silva-Lopes Vera Lúcia , Xavier Ana Carolina , Klein-Antunes Denise , Ferreira Ana Carolina R. G. , Tonocchi Rita , Fett-Conte Agnes C. , Silva Raquel N. , Leirião Vera H. V. , Caramori Lázara P. C. , Magna Luiz A. , Amstalden-Mendes Lívia G. 
Published: April 2013

Objective To verify feeding resources used prior to corrective surgery among cleft babies from Brazil and to discuss suggestions to improve common feeding problems around the world. Design Cross-sectional descriptive study conducted at eight medical centers. Participants A total of 215 parents or guardians of cleft children. Methods Interview based upon a prevalidated questionnaire. The chi-square test and comparison of means by analysis of variance were used; significance level adopted was 5% ( P < .05). Results Feeding guidelines were provided in the maternity unit to 53% of the families. Breastfeeding was encouraged among 80% of mothers, predominantly in the South ( P = .016). However, follow-up after maternity discharge was not appropriately carried out and failure to breast-feed occurred in 78% of families. The feeding tube was used in 21%. According to families, for those who used the ordinary nipple, it was considered the best option by the majority (29%). Conclusion Neonatal feeding in cleft babies is a global challenge. Reports about the difficulties encountered and successful experiences would be helpful to disseminate strategies and stimulate research directed at the large-scale applicability of neonatal feeding for cleft babies on public health. This study detected the need to increase professional training and emphasizes the need for public policies addressing neonatal referral to specialized care wherever possible. It also stimulates research into using an ordinary nipple as another resource for feeding cleft babies and suggests an international discussion about specific recommendations for humanized primary health care.
Fractional dynamics of tracer transport in fractured media from local to regional scales
Authors: Zhang Yong , Reeves Donald , Pohlmann Karl , Chapman Jenny , Russell Charles 
Published: April 2013

AbstractTracer transport through fractured media exhibits concurrent direction-dependent super-diffusive spreading along high-permeability fractures and sub-diffusion caused by mass transfer between fractures and the rock matrix. The resultant complex dynamics challenge the applicability of conventional physical models based on Fick’s law. This study proposes a multi-scaling tempered fractional-derivative (TFD) model to explore fractional dynamics for tracer transport in fractured media. Applications show that the TFD model can capture anomalous transport observed in small-scale single fractures, intermediate-scale fractured aquifers, and two-dimensional large-scale discrete fracture networks. Tracer transport in fractured media from local (0.255-meter long) to regional (400-meter long) scales therefore can be quantified by a general fractional-derivative model. Fractional dynamics in fractured media can be scale dependent, owning to 1) the finite length of fractures that constrains the large displacement of tracers, and 2) the increasing mass exchange capacity along the travel path that enhances sub-diffusion.
NK Cell Tolerance of Self-Specific Activating Receptor KIR2DS1 in Individuals with Cognate HLA-C2 Ligand
Authors: Pittari Gianfranco , Liu Xiao-Rong , Selvakumar Annamalai , Zhao Zeguo , Merino Ernesto , Huse Morgan , Chewning Joseph H. , Hsu Katharine C. , Dupont Bo 
Published: April 2013

AbstractNK cells are regulated by inhibiting and activating cell surface receptors. Most inhibitory receptors recognize MHC class I Ags and protect healthy cells from NK cell–mediated autoaggression. However, certain activating receptors, including the human activating killer cell Ig-like receptor (KIR) 2DS1, also recognize MHC class I. This fact raises the question of how NK cells expressing such activating receptors are tolerized to host tissues. We investigated whether the presence of HLA-C2, the cognate ligand for 2DS1, induces tolerance in 2DS1-expressing NK cells. Anti–HLA-C2 activity could be detected in vitro in some 2DS1 positive NK clones irrespective of the presence or absence of HLA-C2 ligand in the donor. The frequency of anti–HLA-C2 reactivity was high in donors homozygous for HLA-C1. Surprisingly, no significant difference was seen in the frequency of anti–HLA-C2 cytotoxicity in donors heterozygous for HLA-C2 and donors without HLA-C2 ligand. However, donors homozygous for HLA-C2, compared with all other donors, had significantly reduced frequency of anti–HLA-C2 reactive clones. The 2DS1 positive clones that express inhibitory KIR for self–HLA class I were commonly noncytotoxic, and anti–HLA-C2 cytotoxicity was nearly exclusively restricted to 2DS1 single positive clones lacking inhibitory KIR. 2DS1 single positive NK clones with anti–HLA-C2 reactivity were also present posttransplantation in HLA-C2 positive recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplants from 2DS1 positive donors. These results demonstrate that many NK cells with anti–HLA-C2 reactivity are present in HLA-C1 homozygous and heterozygous donors with 2DS1. In contrast, 2DS1 positive clones from HLA-C2 homozygous donors are frequently tolerant to HLA-C2.
Efficient Attenuation of NK Cell–Mediated Liver Injury through Genetically Manipulating Multiple Immunogenes by Using a Liver-Directed Vector
Authors: Geng Jianlin , Wang Xuefu , Wei Haiming , Sun Rui , Tian Zhigang 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Adenovirus or adenoviral vectors were reported to induce serious liver inflammation in an NK cell–dependent manner, which limits its clinical applicability for liver gene therapy. We tried to develop an efficient liver-directed therapeutic approach to control hepatic NK cell function via simultaneously manipulating multiple immune genes. Based on our previous study, we found that CCL5 knockdown synergistically enhanced the attenuating effect of silencing CX3CL1 (fractalkine [FKN]) in adenovirus-induced acute liver injury. In addition, the combined treatment of human IL-10 expression with FKN knockdown would further strengthen the protective effect of silencing FKN. We used a hepatocyte-specific promoter to construct a hepatocyte-specific multiple function vector, which could simultaneously overexpress human IL-10 and knock down CCL5 and FKN expression. This vector could attenuate adenovirus-induced acute hepatitis highly efficiently by reducing liver NK cell recruitment and serum IFN-γ and TNF-α. The multiple function vectors could be delivered by nonviral (hydrodynamic injection) and viral (adenovirus) approaches, and maintained long-term function (more than 1 month in mice). Our results suggest a possible strategy to ameliorate the acute liver injury induced by adenovirus by modulating multiple immune genes. The novel multifunction vector has an extensive and practical use for polygenic and complex liver diseases such as malignancies and hepatitis, which correlate with multiple gene disorders.
Muscle Heating With Megapulse II Shortwave Diathermy and ReBound Diathermy
Authors: Draper David O. , Hawkes Amanda R. , Johnson A. Wayne , Diede Mike T. , Rigby Justin H. 
Published: April 2013

Context:
A new continuous diathermy called ReBound recently has been introduced. Its effectiveness as a heating modality is unknown.

Objective:
To compare the effects of the ReBound diathermy with an established deep-heating diathermy, the Megapulse II pulsed shortwave diathermy, on tissue temperature in the human triceps surae muscle.

Design:
Crossover study.

Setting:
University research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:
Participants included 12 healthy, college-aged volunteers (4 men, 8 women; age = 22.2 ± 2.25 years, calf subcutaneous fat thickness = 7.2 ± 1.9 mm).

Intervention(s):
Each modality treatment was applied to the triceps surae muscle group of each participant for 30 minutes. After 30 minutes, we removed the modality and recorded temperature decay for 20 minutes.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
We horizontally inserted an implantable thermocouple into the medial triceps surae muscle to measure intramuscular tissue temperature at 3 cm deep. We measured temperature every 5 minutes during the 30-minute treatment and each minute during the 20-minute temperature decay.

Results:
Tissue temperature at a depth of 3 cm increased more with Megapulse II than with ReBound diathermy over the course of the treatment (F6,66 = 10.78, P &lt; .001). ReBound diathermy did not produce as much intramuscular heating, leading to a slower heat dissipation rate than the Megapulse II (F20,220 = 28.84, P &lt; .001).

Conclusions:
During a 30-minute treatment, the Megapulse II was more effective than ReBound diathermy at increasing deep, intramuscular tissue temperature of the triceps surae muscle group.