bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of clinical efficacy, safety and patient satisfaction rate after low‐intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy for the treatment of male erectile dysfunction: an Australian first open‐label single‐arm prospective clinical trial
Authors: Chung Eric , Cartmill Ross 
Published: April 2015

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy, safety and patient satisfaction rate with low‐intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy (LiESWT) in Australian men with erectile dysfunction (ED), as LiESWT induces neovascularisation and potentially enhances penile perfusion and improves erectile function.Patients and MethodsOpen‐label single‐arm prospective study of patients with ED with five‐item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF‐5) scores of >12 at baseline were enrolled after informed consent. Patient demographics, change in IIEF‐5 and Erectile Dysfunction Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction (EDITS) scores, and overall satisfaction score (on a 5‐point scale) were recorded. Treatment consists of 3000 shockwaves (1000 shockwaves to the distal penis, base of penis and corporal bodies at the perineum) twice weekly for 6 weeks.ResultsAll patients had tried and failed oral phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors and most of the patients hah had ED for >18 months [mean (range) 21.8 (6–60) months]. No side‐effects to LiESWT were reported. Most patients reported an improvement in IIEF‐5 score by 5 points (60%) and EDITS Index score by >50% (70%). Most patients were satisfied (scoring 4 out of 5; 67%) and would recommend the therapy to their friends (80%).ConclusionLiESWT appears to improve erectile function, is safe and potential plays an important role in penile rehabilitation in men whom failed medical therapy.
Chronology and extent of the Lofoten–Vesterålen sector of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet from 26 to 16 cal. ka BP
Authors: Vorren Tore O. , Rydningen Tom Arne , Baeten Nicole J. , Laberg Jan Sverre 
Published: April 2015

The interplay between the onshore and offshore areas during the Last Glacial Maximum and the deglaciation of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet is poorly known. In this paper we present new results on the glacial morphology, stratigraphy and chronology of Andøya, and the glacial morphology of the nearby continental shelf off Lofoten–Vesterålen. The results were used to develop a new model for the timing and extent of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet in the study area during the local last glacial maximum (LLGM) (26 to 16 cal. ka BP). We subdivided the LLGM in this area into five glacial events: before 24, c. 23 to 22.2, 22.2 to c. 18.6, 18 to 17.5, and 16.9–16.3 cal. ka BP. The extent of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet during these various events was reconstructed for the shelf areas off Lofoten, Vesterålen and Troms. Icecaps survived in coastal areas of Vesterålen–Lofoten after the shelf was deglaciated and off Andøya ice flowed landwards from the shelf. During the LLGM the relative sea level was stable until 18.5 cal. ka BP, and thereafter there was a sea‐level drop on Andøya. Thus, relative sea level (i.e. a sea level rise) does not seem to be a driving mechanism for ice‐margin retreat in this area but the fall in sea level may have had some importance for the grounding episodes on the banks during deglaciation. The positions of the grounding zone wedges (GZWs) in the troughs are related to the morphology as they are often located where the troughs narrow.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Peptide Gly3‐MC62 Analogues as Potential Antidiabetic Agents
Authors: Yang Baowei , Zhang Chenyu , Li Xue , Yan Sijia , Wei Wei , Wang Xuekun , Deng Xin , Huang Wenlong , Qian Hai 
Published: April 2015

Two series of conformationally constrained analogues from Gly3‐MC62 were designed by scanning the residues Lys1, Thr2, Met4, Lys5, Met7, and Ala8 with an i‐(i + 2) lactam bridge consisting of a Glutamic acid–xaa–lysine (Glu–Xaa–Lys) scaffold and a diproline fragment. They were synthesized and evaluated for their antihyperglycemic effects. Through screening in normal and mice with diabetes mellitus, peptides II‐5, III‐3, III‐4, and III‐5 showed significant improvement in antihyperglycemic and antioxidative activities compared with Gly3‐MC62, especially the compound III‐4. The primary mechanism of the compounds (II‐5, III‐3, III‐4, and III‐5) underlying this effect is the islet β‐cells against oxidative damage induced by STZ, and III‐4‐treated mice showed considerable improvement in the preservation of beta cells in the pancreatic islets of DM mice. These data suggested that III‐4 could be candidate for the future treatment of diabetes mellitus.
Late Emergence of the First Possession Heuristic: Evidence From a Small‐Scale Culture
Authors: Kanngiesser Patricia , Rossano Federico , Tomasello Michael 
Published: April 2015

Western preschool children often assign ownership based on first possession and some theorists have proposed that this judgment might be an early emerging, innate bias. Five‐ to 9‐year‐olds (n = 112) from a small‐scale group in Kenya (Kikuyu) watched videotaped interactions of two women passing an object. The object's starting position and the women's gestures were varied. Use of the first possession heuristic increased with age, and 8‐ to 9‐year‐olds performed similarly to German 5‐year‐olds (n = 24). Starting position and gestures had no effect. A control study confirmed that 5‐year‐old Kikuyus (n = 20) understood the video material. The findings reveal that the first possession heuristic follows different developmental trajectories cross‐culturally and stress the role of children's sociocultural environment.
Twins' risk of childhood asthma mediated by gestational age and birthweight
Authors: Ullemar V. , Lundholm C. , Almqvist C. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryBackgroundChildren born with low gestational age (GA) or low birthweight (BW) are at increased risk of asthma. Twins as compared to singletons are on average more likely to be born with lower GA and BW and have been hypothesized to comprise a high‐risk population for asthma. Many previous studies have not accounted for potential confounders or mediators.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between twinship and childhood asthma or early life wheeze and identify potential mediators, such as GA/BW.MethodsThe study population consisted of two cohorts including all children born in Sweden from 1 January 1993 to 1 June 2001 (n = 756 363 singletons, n = 22 478 twins) and 1 July 2005 to 31 December 2009 (n = 456 239 singletons, n = 12 872 twins). Asthma was defined using validated register‐based outcomes of diagnosis or medication. The data were analysed using logistic (older cohort) and Cox regression (younger cohort). Adjusted models incorporated potential confounding or mediating factors including gestational age and birthweight.ResultsIn the younger cohort, the crude hazard ratio (HR) of asthma medication after 1.5 years of age was 1.12 (95% CI 1.01–1.23), and fully adjusted HR was 0.80, 95% CI 0.72–0.89. Crude HR of asthma diagnosis in the same age group was 1.14 (95% CI 0.99–1.30), fully adjusted 0.78 (0.68–0.98). Adjusted analyses in the older group yielded similar results.ConclusionsTwins were at significantly higher unadjusted risk of asthma or early life wheeze compared to singletons in the younger, but not in the older cohort. Associations attenuated following adjustment for GA/BW, suggesting that GA/BW mediates the effect of twinship on asthma risk. After adjustments, twins were at lower risk of asthma outcomes, possibly due to unmeasured confounding.
A prospective clinical study to evaluate the performance of zirconium dioxide dental implants in single‐tooth gaps
Authors: Gahlert Michael , Kniha Heinz , Weingart Dieter , Schild Sabine , Gellrich Nils‐Claudius , Bormann Kai‐Hendrik 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIntroductionDental implants have traditionally been made from titanium or its alloys, but recently full‐ceramic implants have been developed with comparable osseointegration properties and functional strength properties to titanium. These ceramic implants may have advantages in certain patients and situations, for example, where esthetic outcomes are particularly important.ObjectiveThe objective of this investigation was to evaluate the performance of a newly developed full‐ceramic ZrO2monotype implant design (PURECeramic Implant; Institut StraumannAG, Basel, Switzerland) in single‐tooth gaps in the maxilla and mandible.Material and methodsThis was a prospective, open‐label, single‐arm study in patients requiring implant rehabilitation in single‐tooth gaps. Full‐ceramic implants were placed, with provisional and final prostheses inserted after 3 and 6 months, respectively. Crestal bone level was measured at implant placement and after 6 and 12 months. Implant survival and success were evaluated after 6 and 12 months. Further evaluations are planned after 24 and 36 months.ResultsForty‐six patients were screened for potential study participation, of whom 44 (17 men and 27 women, mean age 48 ± 14 years) were recruited into the study. The majority of implants (90.9%) were placed in the maxilla. The implant survival and implant success rate after 12 months were 97.6%. A minor change of the mean bone level occurred between implant loading (final prosthesis insertion after 6 months) and 12 months (−0.14 mm) after initial bone remodeling was observed between implant placement and loading (−0.88 mm).ConclusionsThe results indicated that monotype ceramic implants can achieve clinical outcomes comparable to published outcomes of equivalent titanium implants.
Pulmonary solid tumor with coexisting pulmonary aspergillosis: case reports and literature review
Authors: Wu Ting , Li Pei , Wang Min , Wang Qin , Shi Yi , Su Xin 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackground and AimsThe association of noncavitary untreated lung cancer with coexisting pulmonary Aspergillosis in immunocompetent patients is an extremely rare occurrence. The present paper aims to summarize the clinical data, and gives an overview of the current knowledge on the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of this condition.MethodsWe report four cases and review seven cases in the literature.ResultsThe four cases describe pulmonary solid tumor with coexisting pulmonary Aspergillosis condition. All cases underwent complicated procession for the terminal diagnosis.ConclusionClinicians should be alert to underlying malignant disease if airway Aspergillus infection is suspicious in a patient without strong risk factors for invasive fungal disease. On the other hand, when lung cancer is coexisting with airway necrotizing Aspergillosis, clinicians should properly manage these two diseases simultaneously.
Tuberculosis management continues to utilize a large amount of hospital resources in the United States
Authors: Allareddy Veerasathpurush , Rampa Sankeerth , Allareddy Veerajalandhar , Nalliah Romesh P. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackground and AimsThe objective of this study is to examine longitudinal trends in hospital admissions attributed to tuberculosis and resulting hospitalization outcomes in the United States for the years 2000–2010.MethodsWe used the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, which is the largest all‐payer and nationally representative in‐hospital dataset in the United States. All hospitalizations that had a primary diagnosis for tuberculosis were selected for analysis. Patient characteristics and outcomes including discharge status following hospitalization, length of stay in hospital and hospitalization charges were examined.ResultsDuring the study period, a total of 96 431 hospitalizations occurred due to tuberculosis. The mean age of hospitalizations was 48.6 years. Males comprised 64.2% of all hospitalizations; 24.8% were Whites, 25.5% Blacks, 26.5% Hispanics, 14.3% Asians/Pacific Islanders, 1% Native Americans, and 7.9% other/mixed races. Following hospitalization, 72.1% were discharged routinely, 3.4% were transferred to another acute‐care hospital, 10.7% to long‐term care facilities including skilled nursing facilities, 7.6% to home health care, and 2.1% were discharged against medical advice. There were 3815 patients who died (4% of hospitalizations). The total hospitalization charge for this cohort of patients admitted due to tuberculosis across the United States was $6.96 billion and the total hospitalization days over study period was 1 419 605 days.ConclusionHigh‐risk cohorts who are likely to be hospitalized due to tuberculosis included Blacks and Hispanics. Majority of hospitalization comprised of males. Even though the annual number of hospitalizations reduced over the study period, substantial amounts of resources are used in hospital settings to manage tuberculosis.
An irregular pulmonary nodule was confirmed diagnosis of aspiration pneumonia by finding plant cells through rapid on‐site evaluation
Authors: Deng Chaosheng , Cao Xiaoming , Lin Qichang , Chen Lingying , Yang Minxia , Ding Haibo , Liu Kaixiong , Zhang Xin 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundRapid on‐site evaluation (ROSE) is a method which is often used in quick‐staining cytology in the tumour diagnostic field, and results in a significant decrease in diagnostic time and cost. However, we have not found any previous report on the ROSE method for diagnosing aspiration pneumonia.MethodsWe would like to discuss the case of a patient with an irregular pulmonary nodule in the left lower lobar bronchus who had a confirmed diagnosis of aspiration pneumonia through ROSE stained by Diff‐Quik methods during bronchoscopy.ResultsThrough ROSE, which we were able to perform within just 1 min, we observed the plant cells on the smear under the microscope. The Giemsa stain of the specimen, which would take much more time than Diff‐Quik, also revealed the plant cells.ConclusionROSE for the specimen from the bronchoscopy could be done for the patient who has developed an unexplained pulmonary nodule and is helpful. If the non‐human cells such as plant cells are found from the ROSE, aspiration pneumonia can be diagnosed immediately and the corresponding therapy may be performed, which may significantly shorten hospital stay, reduce hospital costs and improve patient outcomes.
Regional variability in extinction thresholds for forest birds in the north‐eastern United States: an examination of potential drivers using long‐term breeding bird atlas datasets
Authors: van der Hoek Yntze , Wilson Andrew M. , Renfrew Rosalind , Walsh Joan , Rodewald Paul G. , Baldy Jennifer , Manne Lisa L. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAimDemand for quantitative conservation targets has yielded a search for generalities in habitat thresholds, particular amounts of habitat at which extinction probabilities change strongly. These thresholds are thought to vary across regions, but investigation of this variability has been limited. We tested whether thresholds (of forest separating extinction from persistence) increased as either average forest cover in landscapes decreased or the degree of fragmentation increased.LocationMassachusetts, Michigan, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania and Vermont.MethodsWe used segmented logistic regressions to estimate thresholds in the relationship between extinction probability and forest cover for 25 forest‐breeding birds, comparing estimated thresholds across states. We also selected landscapes from our entire study area in which landscape‐level forest cover and degree of fragmentation varied independently and compared thresholds.ResultsWe found that thresholds in extinction probability varied widely among species (7–90% forest cover) and within species across states [e.g. 12–90% for white‐throated sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis)]. Additional analyses showed no indications that thresholds correlated with the degree of fragmentation or forest cover across the landscape; we found considerable variability in thresholds across landscapes, species and even landscapes in which (average) fragmentation and forest cover were similar.Main conclusionsExtinction threshold estimates varied tremendously across species and landscapes. Thus, habitat thresholds are difficult to generalize as they depend on many factors beyond landscape fragmentation and habitat availability (e.g. landscape characteristics such as matrix quality). Our findings highlight the need to avoid oversimplification and generalization of habitat thresholds, especially as they might prove counterproductive to conservation efforts. Instead, we propose that we evaluate thresholds for individual species – preferably using species‐centred habitat definitions in threshold modelling – to derive generalities for ecological and conservation applications.
On the Limits of Liberalism in Participatory Environmental Governance: Conflict and Conservation in Ukraine's Danube Delta
Authors: Richardson Tanya 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTParticipatory management techniques are widely promoted in environmental and protected area governance as a means of preventing and mitigating conflict. The World Bank project that created Ukraine's Danube Biosphere Reserve included such ‘community participation’ components. The Reserve, however, has been involved in conflicts and scandals in which rumour, denunciation and prayer have played a prominent part. The cases described in this article demonstrate that the way conflict is escalated or mitigated differs according to foundational assumptions about what ‘the political’ is and what counts as ‘politics’. The contrasting forms of politics at work in the Danube Delta help to explain why a 2005 World Bank assessment report could only see failure in the Reserve's implementation of participatory management, and why liberal participatory management approaches may founder when introduced in settings where relationships are based on non‐liberal political ontologies. The author argues that environmental management needs to be rethought in ways that take ontological differences seriously rather than assuming the universality of liberal assumptions about the individual, the political and politics.
Assessment of body composition in children with cerebral palsy: a cross‐sectional study inNorway
Authors: Finbråten Ane‐Kristine , Martins Catia , Andersen Guro Lillemoen , Skranes Jon , Brannsether Bente , Júlíusson Pétur Benedikt , Syversen Unni , Stevenson Richard D , Vik Torstein 
Published: April 2015

AimThe assessment of growth and body composition is challenging in children with cerebral palsy (CP). The aim of this study was to compare clinical assessments of body composition with measurements obtained using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) in this population.MethodKnee height, weight, and triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness (SFT) were measured in 47 children with CP (age range 8–18y; 18 females, 29 males). Height was estimated from knee height, and used to calculate body mass index (BMI). Using SFT measurements, body fat percentage was calculated by standard (‘Slaughter’) and CP‐modified (‘Gurka’) equations and compared with results obtained using DXA.ResultsChildren with severe gross motor function impairments (Gross Motor Function Classification System [GMFCS] level III or IV) exhibited stunted growth and had higher fat percentages and lower lean body mass than children classified in GMFCS level I or II. In 10 children classified as ‘thin’ according to their BMI (five of whom were assigned thinness grade of 2 or lower), percentage of body fat, as determined by DXA, was normal or high. The Slaughter equations significantly underestimated body fat percentages, whereas the precision of the CP‐modified Gurka equations was excellent.InterpretationIn this study, children with CP and severe motor impairments displayed stunted growth, but were not undernourished. Relying solely upon BMIs may be misleading in children with CP. Therefore, clinicians should be encouraged to measure SFT and to calculate body fat percentages using the CP‐modified version of the Slaughter equation.
Does kindness matter? Self‐compassion buffers the negative impact of diabetes‐distress on HbA1c
Authors: Friis A. M. , Johnson M. H. , Cutfield R. G. , Consedine N. S. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundHigher self‐compassion is associated with mental and physical health benefits in both healthy and chronically ill populations. The current study investigated the role of self‐compassion in predicting depression, diabetes‐specific distress and HbA1c in patients with diabetes.AimsTo assess the specific operationalization of negative emotionality that best predicted HbA1c and to test whether self‐compassion would buffer HbA1c in patients with diabetes against the negative effects of distress.MethodsPatients with diabetes (n = 110) completed measures assessing trait self‐compassion, depression and diabetes‐distress. HbA1c results were obtained through medical records.ResultsAs expected, diabetes‐specific distress was a better predictor of HbA1c than depression; self‐compassion moderated the relationship between distress and HbA1c such that higher distress predicted higher HbA1c at lower levels of self‐compassion, but not at higher levels of self‐compassion.ConclusionsIn addition to further demonstrating the link between distress and metabolic outcomes, these findings suggest that self‐compassion might buffer patients from the negative metabolic consequences of diabetes‐distress.
A new leaf disease on Populus euphratica in south‐western Iran
Authors: Osdaghi E. , Rahimi Kakavandi N. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryDuring the winter of 2012, a leaf spot disease was observed on Euphrates poplar (Populus euphratica) in the forest areas of Khuzestan province, south‐western Iran, causing significant damage in the Karun's riverside forests. Symptoms consisted of necrotic dark brown, circular to oval, 5‐ to 10‐mm spots on both surfaces of the leaves. A fungus having distinct dictyospores similar to those produced by Alternaria spp. was observed. The morphological characteristics, as well as the phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS1‐5,8S‐ITS2) region, confirmed the identity of the strains belonging to the species Alternaria alternata. Pathogenicity tests were conducted on the alive leaves of P. euphratica on the young branches, as well as on the detached leaves in Petri dishes, through inoculation with spore suspension. Target spot symptoms similar to those observed in naturally infected leaves were developed on the inoculated leaves seven to 10 days after inoculation in both the inoculation procedures. A. alternata was consistently re‐isolated from the spots. Interestingly, similar symptoms were observed 7 days after detached leaf treatment with droplets of 15‐day‐old fungal culture filtrate, suggesting the production of pathotoxic compounds by the fungus. To our knowledge, this is the first report of A. alternata causing leaf spot on Euphrates poplar in Iran.