bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interstitial Pneumonitis from Treatment with Gemcitabine
Authors: Poole Brolin B. , Hamilton Leslie A. , Brockman Megan M. , Byrd Debbie C. 
Published: October 2014

Introduction The use of gemcitabine may lead to numerous adverse effects ranging from mild to very severe, such as interstitial pneumonitis. The diagnosis of this complication is based on multiple laboratory findings, radiographic evidence, and high clinical suspicion. Presented is a case report of a patient who met these criteria and had onset consistent with drug-induced interstitial pneumonitis. Case Presentation A 76-year-old White female was treated with gemcitabine for pancreatic cancer. Two months after the initiation of therapy, she was admitted to the hospital for worsening dyspnea and cough. High clinical suspicion, bilateral interstitial opacities on chest x-ray, worsening pulmonary status, and onset 2 months after initiation of therapy led to the diagnosis of gemcitabine-induced interstitial pneumonitis. Steroid therapy with prednisone was initiated, and the patient's clinical symptoms and radiographic findings improved. Discussion Gemcitabine-induced interstitial pneumonitis is well described in the literature. It is a rare but serious complication associated with gemcitabine therapy in which patients present with worsening dyspnea. Most patients only require supportive care and discontinuation of the drug for treatment, but in severe cases supplemental oxygen and steroid therapy must be used before resolution of symptoms. It is important to obtain an accurate medication history to evaluate for other potentially pulmonary toxic medications. Radiographic findings such as bilateral infiltrates should be completely resolved after therapy. Conclusion Radiographic findings, clinical symptoms, and clinical suspicion can lead to early recognition of interstitial pneumonitis from gemcitabine. Physician awareness of this adverse effect and early recognition are keys to providing prompt treatment in resolving symptoms and decreasing mortality.
Entertainment venues, spatial relations and the rise of cinema in early twentieth-century Madrid
Authors: Guadano Luis 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
By the turn of the twentieth century, the geography of public entertainment in Madrid allowed and promoted the flow of audiences from high-class theatres and cafes to lower-class venues. As a result, theatres and movie theatres started copying and including successful elements and acts from competing shows to attract the audience. This article will focus on two elements which set the conditions for the rise of Spanish film as hegemonic spectacle: the spatial proximity of different entertainment options in downtown Madrid and the creation of a homogeneous audience through the erasure of differences between venues and shows due to the competition for spectators. Within this context and through the adaptation and incorporation of elements from other popular and successful genres, Spanish film will establish itself as an independent spectacle, with its own strategies of representation and venues, in the early 1930s.
Book Reviews
Authors: Shaw Lisa , Pérez Jorge , Lázaro-Reboll Antonio , Thornton Dr Niamh 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
New Argentine and Brazilian Cinema: Reality Effects, Jens Andermann and Álvaro Fernández Bravo (eds) (2013) New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 228 pp., ISBN 978-1-137-30482-7 (hbk), £57.50
Spanish Queer Cinema, Chris Perriam (2013) Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 192 pp., ISBN 978-07486-6586-0 (hbk), £65
Spanish Practices: Literature, Cinema, Television, Paul Julian Smith (2012) Oxford: Legenda, x + 166 pp., ISBN 978-1-907975-04-2 (hbk), £45
Screening the Americas/Proyectando las Américas: Narration of Nation in Documentary Film/Narración de la nación en el cine documental, Josef Raab, Sebastian Thies and Daniela Noll-Opitz (eds) (2011) Trier, Germany and Tempe, Arizona: Wissenschaftlicher Verlag Trier and Bilingual Press/Editorial Bilingue, 460 pp., ISBN 978-3868213317, EUR 29.50 (pbk)
I-FABP and L-FABP are early markers for abdominal injury with limited prognostic value for secondary organ failures in the post-traumatic course
Authors: Voth Maika , Holzberger Sebastian , Auner Birgit , Henrich Dirk , Marzi Ingo , Relja Borna 
Published: October 2014

AbstractTrauma patients sustaining abdominal trauma exhibit high risk of organ failure and/or sepsis aggravating morbidity and mortality during the post-traumatic course. The present study re-evaluates L- and I-FABPs (small fatty acid binding proteins) as early biomarkers for abdominal injury (AI) in a large cohort of patients and analyzes their potential as indicators of specific organ failure and their association with sepsis and/or mortality in the post-traumatic course.This prospective study included 134 multiply traumatized patients (ISS≥16). Fifty-nine had AI (abbreviated AI Scale, AISMedian L- and I-FABP in the AI-group [258 (IQR=71–500) ng/mL and 328 (IQR=148–640) pg/mL, respectively] were higher compared to noAI-group [30 (IQR=18–50) ng/mL and 60 (IQR=40–202) pg/mL, p>0.05] on d0. Sensitivity and specificity to detect AI were 80% and 75% for L-FABP, 78% and 62% for I-FABP. Both FABPs decline with the post-traumatic course to control levels. On d0 and d1, FABPs correlate with the Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score of the following day (d0:Our results confirm the potential of L- and I-FABP to indicate abdominal injuries initially after trauma. Except L-FABP as indicator of acute kidney failure both FABPs have to be further evaluated as predictors for other organ failures, sepsis and/or mortality.
Growth and L
δ-approximation of solutions of the Helmholtz equation in a finite disk
Authors: Kumar Devendra , Basu Anindita 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
In this paper we study the growth and L
δ-approximation, 1 ≤ δ ≤ ∞, of solutions (not necessarily entire) of Helmholtz-type equations. Moreover, we obtain the characterization of order and type of H ∈ HR
, 0 < R < ∞, in terms of decay of approximation errors En
(H,R
0) and

E

n
,
δ

i

(
H
,

R
0

)

$E^{i}_{n,\delta } (H,R_0)$

, i = 1,2. Our results extend and improve the results obtained by McCoy [J. Approx. Theory 25 (1979), 153–168].
Targeted Learning of the Mean Outcome under an Optimal Dynamic Treatment Rule
Authors: van der Laan Mark J. , Luedtke Alexander R. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe consider estimation of and inference for the mean outcome under the optimal dynamic two time-point treatment rule defined as the rule that maximizes the mean outcome under the dynamic treatment, where the candidate rules are restricted to depend only on a user-supplied subset of the baseline and intermediate covariates. This estimation problem is addressed in a statistical model for the data distribution that is nonparametric beyond possible knowledge about the treatment and censoring mechanism. This contrasts from the current literature that relies on parametric assumptions. We establish that the mean of the counterfactual outcome under the optimal dynamic treatment is a pathwise differentiable parameter under conditions, and develop a targeted minimum loss-based estimator (TMLE) of this target parameter. We establish asymptotic linearity and statistical inference for this estimator under specified conditions. In a sequentially randomized trial the statistical inference relies upon a second-order difference between the estimator of the optimal dynamic treatment and the optimal dynamic treatment to be asymptotically negligible, which may be a problematic condition when the rule is based on multivariate time-dependent covariates. To avoid this condition, we also develop TMLEs and statistical inference for data adaptive target parameters that are defined in terms of the mean outcome under the estimate of the optimal dynamic treatment. In particular, we develop a novel cross-validated TMLE approach that provides asymptotic inference under minimal conditions, avoiding the need for any empirical process conditions. We offer simulation results to support our theoretical findings.
Synthesis, characterization and time dependent phase transformation of Li0.4WO3 bronze
Authors: Rahman Md. Shahidur , Murshed M. Mangir , Gesing Thorsten M. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Lithium tungsten bronzes with a nominal composition of Li0.4WO3 were synthesized by solid state reactions in silica tubes at 973 K and various low pressures. Samples were characterized using X-ray single crystal and powder diffraction, and neutron powder diffraction. The air pressure inside the sealed quartz tubes played roles for the formation of Li0.4WO3 phases with different symmetries. Whereas using a pressure of 10–7 MPa a pure body centered cubic (Im

3
¯

$\bar 3$

) tungsten bronze was formed, at higher pressures (>10–7 MPa) a mixture of Im

3
¯

$\bar 3$

and primitive cubic (Pm

3
¯

$\bar 3$

m) perovskite tungsten bronzes were observed with pressure dependent phase fractions. While keeping the synthesized samples under open atmospheric conditions the Im

3
¯

$\bar 3$

phase gradually transformed into a tetragonal perovskite (P4/nmm) tungsten bronze. The slow cubic into tetragonal phase transformation has been explained in terms of the mobility of lithium within two different crystallographic sites.
Recent Developments in High-Strength Stainless Steels for Corrosion Mitigation in Prestressed Concrete
Authors: Moser Robert D. , Singh Preet M. , Kahn Lawrence F. , Kurtis Kimberly E. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The utilization of stainless steels for corrosion mitigation in prestressed concrete is a topic that has received little attention in the literature. Previous work conducted on high-strength stainless steels has shown that austenitic SAE 316 provides adequate resistance to pitting corrosion and environmentally assisted cracking (EAC). Austenitic SAE 304 was found to be susceptible to pitting corrosion and EAC. Duplex type 2205 has shown exceptional mechanical properties with high resistance to pitting corrosion and EAC. Recent research on these and other alloys including transitioning to the field portends their potential application as corrosion-resistant prestressing reinforcements in concrete structures.
Reinforcement Efficiency of Modified Carbon Nanofiber in High-Performance Concrete Nanocomposite
Authors: Peyvandi Amirpasha , Soroushian Parviz , Balachandra Anagi M. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Graphite nanomaterials offer distinct features for effective reinforcement of cementitious matrices in the pre-crack and post-crack ranges of behavior. In the work reported herein, carbon nanofiber was chosen for use in high-performance concrete. Synergistic actions of carbon nanofibers and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers in high-performance concrete were also investigated. Carbon nanofiber surfaces were modified by introduction of hydrophilic groups in order to improve their dispersion and interfacial interactions in cementitious matrices. An experimental program was conducted in order to assess the contributions of modified carbon nanofiber to diverse engineering properties of high-performance concrete. A statistical optimization program was implemented in order to identify optimum dosage of nano- and micro-scale reinforcement systems in high-performance concrete. The experimental results verified that optimum reinforcement systems comprised both carbon nanofiber and (micro-scale) PVA fiber. The gains in concrete engineering properties realized with optimum (nano- and micro-scale) reinforcement could not be matched by those provided by nano- or micro-scale reinforcement used alone. This finding supports the hypothesis that nano- and micro-scale reinforcement play complementary/synergistic roles in concrete by providing reinforcing effects at different scales and are also due to the benefits rendered by nanomaterials towards interfacial stress transfer and pullout behavior of fibers.
Ultrasonic Testing Transformation Model of High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composite
Authors: Xiangguo Wu , Yongchao Zou , Qun Yu 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
According to the homogeneous assumption of a material dispersed medium, a model named as an equivalent sandwich layer model was proposed in this paper for high performance fiber reinforced cementitious composite (HPFRCC). The velocity of ultrasonic waves in HPFRCC was transformed into the equivalent wave velocity value in normal mortar. The ultrasonic testing technique for HPFRCC was then constituted based on modern ultrasonic testing code. From the comparisons of strength between the model predictions and tests, it was shown that the ultrasonic testing method based on the sandwich layer model is feasible for HPFRCC. The model proposed in this paper may be a basis for the establishment of nondestructive testing technology for HPFRCC structures.
California Bearing Ratio of a Sub-Base Material Modified With Tire Buffings and Cement Addition
Authors: Cabalar A. F. , Karabash Z. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Proper management of waste tires is a major environmental problem in many regions of the world. Instead of disposal in landfills, waste tires can be used in some engineering applications, thereby reducing their potential impact on the environment. The goal of this study was to assess the use of crushed rock mixed with tire buffings (a by-product of re-treading tires) and cement as sub-base materials for road construction. We prepared various mixtures of crushed rock containing 0, 5, 10, and 15 % tire buffings and 0, 1, 3, and 5 % cement by weight, and determined their California Bearing Ratio (CBR) values at different water contents. The performance of the sub-base gravel was investigated with the inclusion of tire buffings only, cement only, and tire buffings and cement together. The test results indicate that the CBR value of sub-base material decreases with the addition of tire buffings with no cement, and increases with the addition of cement with no tire buffings. In certain cases, small amounts of cement additions to the gravel with tire buffings increase the CBR values of the sub-base gravel, and thereby may result in a substantial decrease in design thickness of a pavement. The CBR values of the specimens with 3 % cement and 5 % tire buffings, 5 % cement and 5, 10, and 15 % tire buffings were found to be greater than the CBR value of the clean sub-base gravel.
Selection of Tightened–Normal–Tightened Variable Sampling Scheme Indexed by Crossover Point
Authors: Senthilkumar D. , Esha Raffie B. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The tightened–normal–tightened (TNT) attribute sampling scheme was devised by Calvin. This paper introduces a design methodology for TNT variable sampling schemes indexed by an entry parameter called the crossover point. A method of designing the plan based on given values of the crossover point pc and the relative slope hc is provided. A table provides plans for a given set of entry parameters, namely, pc and hc.
Asphalt Mixture Design and Thermology Experiments on Heat-Resistant Surfaces in Permafrost Regions
Authors: Zhong Yongqiang , Ma Tao , Huang Xiaoming 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
To reduce the permafrost thaw-induced damage to asphalt pavement caused by heat absorption in permafrost regions, a material with low thermal conductivity was introduced into the asphalt mixture. This altered the thermal conductivity of the aggregate and thereby reduced that of the asphalt mixture. First, the optimal asphalt–aggregate ratio for the asphalt mixture was determined. Then, the material composition of the asphalt mixture was designed to form a heat-resistant surface without changing the AC-13 aggregate gradation. Thermal tests were performed with a Thermal Conductivity Instruments (TCI) thermal property analyzer on asphalt concrete specimens, prepared by adding primary mineral vermiculite (abbreviated hereafter as ZS, from Chinese) in different mass percentages of 0 %, 4 %, 6 %, 8 %, and 10 %. Test results showed that the thermal conductivity decreases exponentially with increasing percentage of ZS mass. These tests on asphalt concrete specimens indicate that the thermal conductivity drops by up to 46.27 % for 10 % ZS. At a depth of 4 cm below the surface of a heat-resistant pavement, the temperature can be reduced by at most 1.8°C, compared to observations at the same depth in an ordinary pavement. These results show encouraging prospects for application in permafrost regions.
3-D FEM Simulation and Analysis on the Best Range of Lift-off Values in MFL Testing
Authors: Wu Dehui , Zhang Zhongyuan , Liu Zhenliang , Xia Xiaohao 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
In order to avoid oil and gas leakage or explosion due to corrosion defects or cracks in pipelines or tanks, it is very important to test the pipelines and tanks in service. In this study, a three-dimensional (3-D) finite element method (FEM) simulation model of the magnetic flux leakage (MFL) field was established. The MFL signals were simulated and analyzed in connection with different defects and lift-off values, considering the condition of the mechanical vibration and electromagnetic noise. The best range of lift-off values can be determined from the results of simulation and analysis. This is a very effective method for improving measurement accuracy in practical MFL testing. It also provides a reference for the optimization of testing mechanical structures in the MFL technique.
Round-robin Analysis of Standard Data Sets for Fracture Toughness Evaluation in ASTM E1820
Authors: Link Richard E. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
A set of standard data sets from typical fracture toughness tests was used in an analytical round-robin to determine whether the proposed data sets were suitable for use as adjuncts to ASTM E1820-09, “Standard Test Method for the Measurement of Fracture Toughness.” Four laboratories participated in the round-robin and submitted analyses of all of the data sets. The results showed good agreement among the laboratories on the individual J-integral calculations and crack size estimates. However, small differences in the estimated crack extension during the tests led to large uncertainty in the calculated fracture toughness of up to 20 % of the mean value of the fracture toughness from all of the laboratories for the data set. A synthesized test record that eliminated the nonlinear behavior commonly observed in unloading compliance test records was developed and distributed to the participants. There was excellent agreement among the results from all participants for the synthesized data set. The standard data sets were determined to be suitable for validating analysis programs for calculating fracture toughness in accordance with ASTM E1820. The uncertainty in the calculated fracture toughness could be reduced by prescribing in the test method exactly which data points in an unload are to be used for estimating the crack length, rather than letting the user decide which data points to include.
Automatic Measurement of Fabric Crease Recovery by Image Sequence Analysis
Authors: Wang Lei , Liu Jianli , Pan Ruru , Liu Jihong , Gao Weidong 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Crease recovery is one of the most important performance properties of fabric that needs to be evaluated frequently for quality improvement and product development. It is often measured by tracking changes in crease angle of a folded specimen in a certain period of time. This paper presents a new automated crease recovery testing system and the trial tests on fabrics with different fiber materials, different weave structures, and different folding methods. The system was designed to record and measure changes of the crease angle in the entire recovery process by using image sequence analysis techniques. Thus, both instantaneous and stable recoveries of the crease angle can be quantified. The system also fully automates the folding, pressing, reading, and other operations on the specimen so that human interferences can be avoided. It was found that the fiber content of a fabric is a determinant factor for crease recovery performance and the weave structure can affect this performance to some extent. Crease recovery also varies with the way of folding the specimen. The recoveries of fabrics with different fiber materials tend to stabilize in different durations, proving the universal testing time set in the current standard test methods is unsuitable for some fabrics.
Evaluation of the Morphological, Electrical, and Mechanical Properties of Silver Nanopastes
Authors: Durairaj R. , Namasivayam S. , Zhen Xiong Chen , Mannan Samjid H. , Ashayer Roya 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
This study investigated the sintering behavior of silver nanopastes at 150°C, 180°C, and 210°C. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were dispersed to form ink pastes with 70 wt. % and 80 wt. % silver. The morphology of the sintered silver nanopastes was studied via transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy, and x-ray diffraction analyses. Electrical characterization, thermal/humidity aging, and mechanical testing were also performed. Silver nanoparticles were prepared via a chemical reduction method. TEM images revealed particle sizes ranging from 10 nm to 20 nm. Results showed that electrical conductivity could be achieved at 150°C. When the sintered silver nanoparticles were subjected to 1000 h of 85°C/85 % relative humidity testing, a stable resistivity was achieved at a sintering temperature no lower than 210°C. These results showed that a stable network of sintered silver nanoparticles with good mechanical properties could be achieved at 210°C.
Evaluation of Sports Center Performance Using a Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Model
Authors: Wang Chen-Yang 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of sports centers using the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP). Our empirical results provide two main insights: first, sports center business management strategies comprise six dimensions and 23 indexes; second, the FAHP analysis shows that the six dimensions are (in order of priority) service prices, site conditions, operations management, traffic conditions, sports products, and staff quality. This study uses the FAHP along with mathematical computing to provide sports center managers with a reliable decision-making reference, and to assist them in formulating the most effective business strategy.
Identification of Failure Mechanism Consistency for NBR Accelerated Test
Authors: Tang Qingyun , He Jingjing , Fang Xiaotong , Zhang Weifang 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
A consistent failure mechanism is a precondition for accelerated tests, and the accurate identification of the catastrophe point at which the failure mechanism transforms remains a longstanding challenge in accelerated tests. In this study, an independently designed test apparatus was adopted to monitor the variation in the compressive stress of nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) samples at different temperatures. The deformation of the samples was controlled as a constant so the variation of the stress could be correlated with the mechanical properties of the NBR. In addition, thermal analysis and infrared spectroscopic analysis were conducted for NBR samples without applying external stresses (e.g., free state) at various elevated temperatures. Samples stored at room temperature for two years were also tested and analyzed to provide a baseline. The results indicate that the stress relaxation mechanism for NBR aged at 80°C differs from that for samples aged at 90°C. The dominating aging mechanism for NBR samples stored at room temperature and accelerated at 80°C is free radical oxidation. The main mechanism under 90°C was found to be chain scission. After combining the changes in macroperformance and microstructure, we concluded that the change in aging mechanism occurred between 80°C and 90°C.