bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The significance of consolidation chemotherapy after concurrent chemoradiotherapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a randomized controlled phase III clinical trial
Authors: Zhu Qingshan , Zhang Chi , Li Zhuoqi , Ma Tingwei , Wang Nengchao , Liu Weipeng , He Zhijie , Shen Jing , Wei Tao , Zhao Shijie , Feng Lianjie , Tian Yuan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study explored the significance of consolidation maintenance chemotherapy after concurrent chemoradiotherapy with different regimens in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.MethodA prospective randomized controlled phase III clinical trial was designed and registered in the China Clinical Trials Registry (Registration number: ChiCTR‐TRC‐12002719). Survival data were analyzed in terms of intention‐to‐treat (ITT) and per‐protocol (PP) sets for patients undergoing cisplatin and 5‐fluorouracil (PF) (group A), or cisplatin and paclitaxel (TP) (group B).ResultsThe incidence risk of grade III–IV leukopenia in group B was higher than in group A (49.2% vs. 25.5%, p = 0.012). The survival rates at 1, 2, 3, and 5 years were 83.8%, 62.6%, 53.1%, and 41.3%, respectively. Consolidation chemotherapy after concurrent chemoradiation therapy had no benefit on median progression‐free survival (PFS) (p = 0.95) and overall survival (OS) (p = 0.809). According to the ITT analysis, the median PFS in group A and group B was 28.6 months and 30.3 months (X2 = 0.242, p = 0.623), while the median OS was 31.0 months and 50.3 months (X2 = 1.25，p = 0.263). For the PP analysis, the median PFS in group A and group B were 28.6 months and 30.3 months (p = 0.584), while the median OS was 31.0 months and 50.3 months (p = 0.259), respectively. Patients receiving consolidation chemotherapy did not show significant OS benefits (46.9 months vs. 38.3 months; X2 = 0.059, p = 0.866).ConclusionSimilar PFS and OS were found between PF and TP regimens with concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Consolidation chemotherapy did not show any significant OS benefits.
Application of artificial intelligence in lung cancer screening: A real‐world study in a Chinese physical examination population
Authors: Wu Jiaxuan , Li Ruicen , Gan Jiadi , Zheng Qian , Wang Guoqing , Tao Wenjuan , Yang Ming , Li Wenyu , Ji Guiyi , Li Weimin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundWith the rapid increase of chest computed tomography (CT) images, the workload faced by radiologists has increased dramatically. It is undeniable that the use of artificial intelligence (AI) image‐assisted diagnosis system in clinical treatment is a major trend in medical development. Therefore, in order to explore the value and diagnostic accuracy of the current AI system in clinical application, we aim to compare the detection and differentiation of benign and malignant pulmonary nodules between AI system and physicians, so as to provide a theoretical basis for clinical application.MethodsOur study encompassed a cohort of 23 336 patients who underwent chest low‐dose spiral CT screening for lung cancer at the Health Management Center of West China Hospital. We conducted a comparative analysis between AI‐assisted reading and manual interpretation, focusing on the detection and differentiation of benign and malignant pulmonary nodules.ResultsThe AI‐assisted reading exhibited a significantly higher screening positive rate and probability of diagnosing malignant pulmonary nodules compared with manual interpretation (p < 0.001). Moreover, AI scanning demonstrated a markedly superior detection rate of malignant pulmonary nodules compared with manual scanning (97.2% vs. 86.4%, p < 0.001). Additionally, the lung cancer detection rate was substantially higher in the AI reading group compared with the manual reading group (98.9% vs. 90.3%, p < 0.001).ConclusionsOur findings underscore the superior screening positive rate and lung cancer detection rate achieved through AI‐assisted reading compared with manual interpretation. Thus, AI exhibits considerable potential as an adjunctive tool in lung cancer screening within clinical practice settings.
Prospective evaluation of a new audit standard: Expert rhetoric and flexibility in cost‐benefit analysis
Authors: Donahue Stephanie , Malsch Bertrand 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe objective of this research is to better understand experts' contributions to the prospective evaluation of a new audit standard—in this case, key audit matter (KAM) reporting. To this end, we assisted the Canadian Auditing and Assurance Standards Board by leading its consultation of 22 expert financial statement users. The methodology employed to observe our participants' opinions and cognitive processes involves thought protocol and interviews. By analyzing the rhetorical base of experts' prospective analysis, we show that our participants' arguments are often laden with postulates and lack data points, leading to generalizations. Sounder arguments entail more nuanced views but lead to uncertainties. We therefore highlight a tension between the rhetorical content of experts' insights and the calculative rationality of a cost‐benefit analysis. We also find that experts with less cognitive flexibility are less likely to be supportive of the adoption of a standard implying a change of habits in the way they process information. This tension and cognitive bias generate a significant interpretive challenge to determine a clear and dominant stance in the consultation. We discuss the implications of these findings for the legitimacy of prospective evaluations and the conduct of cost‐benefit consultations with experts. We also contribute to the literature on KAMs by substantiating concerns about the value of extended auditor reports to users.
How trust in the government's flood response influences perception of flood hazard risk: Experimental evidences in China
Authors: Li Kai , Yu Feng , Yang Shenlong , Guo Yongyu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMany studies have found that trust is a vital factor that influences risk perception. However, previous studies in this field have used surveys that provide limited information about causality. Therefore, experimental studies to explore the causality between trust and risk perceptions are needed. We conducted three studies to examine the relationship and mechanism of trust in the government's flood response and flood hazard risk perception. In Study 1, we found that people's risk perception and trust in the government's flood response were significantly negatively correlated. In Studies 2 and 3, using correlational and experimental methods, we found that the higher the public's trust in the government's flood response, the more they used heuristics to process risk information, and their risk perception was lower than that of the group with low trust in the government's flood response. Our research provides evidence of causality between trust and risk perceptions, suggesting that trust in the government's flood response can influence risk perception via heuristics in China, which provides a better understanding of the importance of trust in risk perception. These conclusions have policy implications for government responses to flood disasters, emphasizing the need for public participation and timely, transparent communication of accurate information and preventive strategies.
Phenibut: A drug with one too many “buts”
Authors: Gurley Bill J. , Koturbash Igor 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPhenibut is a gamma aminobutyric acid derivative with activity at γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)B, A and β‐phenethylamine receptors. It was developed as a drug in the former Soviet Union to overcome anxiety and improve cognitive function in military personnel. In the last decade, it has made inroads into the European and U.S. markets, being marketed for purported nootropic properties. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on phenibut, its toxicology, pharmacology, adverse health effects, and patterns of use. Publications in peer‐reviewed journals were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. Available literature points to adverse side effects associated with intoxication, withdrawal, and addiction to phenibut. Some of these effects can be life‐threatening, requiring hospitalization and therapeutic interventions. Supportive efforts are often complicated by a lack of knowledge regarding phenibut's toxicology and pharmacology. Ingestion of phenibut was often associated with concomitant use of other substances of abuse. As control over its online marketing seems unrealistic, current efforts need to be focused on the addition of phenibut to current drug screening tests and the development of generally accepted treatment strategies for phenibut‐associated toxicities.
Lexicon for blood‐based early detection and screening: BLOODPAC consensus document
Authors: Clarke Christina A. , Mitchell Breeana L. , Putcha Girish , Alme Emma , Bach Peter , Beer Jonathan P. , Beer Tomasz M. , Beidelschies Michelle A. , Hoyos Jody , Klein Eric , Kuhn Peter , Krunic Nancy , Lang Kathryn , Lee Jerry S. H. , Lopez Ramos Dorys , Morgenstern David , Quinn Elissa , Raymond Victoria M. , Rubinstein Wendy S. , Sanchez Stephanie A. , Serra Ryan , Stewart Mark , Leiman Lauren C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn the United States, 2.0 million new cancer cases and around 600,000 cancer deaths are estimated to occur in 2024. Early detection gives cancer patients the best chance for treatment success. Currently, cancer screening in the general population is recommended for a limited set of cancers; as a result, most cancer types are not regularly screened. Thus, in recent years, we have seen a wave of novel, non‐invasive, single‐ and multi‐cancer detection tests (SCD and MCD), promising detection of cancer signals prior to the onset of symptoms and/or clinical diagnosis. To accelerate the development, access, and adoption of these tests, the Blood Profiling Atlas in Cancer (BLOODPAC) Consortium, a collaborative infrastructure for developing standards and best practices, established the Early Detection & Screening (ED&S) Working Group. The early detection space is in need of consensus around definitions for SCD and MCD tests that harmonize terminology across diverse stakeholders, thereby reducing communication barriers and ultimately advancing the discipline. To this end, the ED&S Working Group compiled a lexicon of terms, chosen based on perceived importance, frequency of use, lack of clarity, and unique challenges in the context of SCD and MCD tests. This lexicon was submitted to the FDA for their feedback, which was incorporated. In this work, we present the first installment of the lexicon, consisting of 14 primary terms, that will be part of an online dictionary and provide a foundation for future projects of BLOODPAC's ED&S Working Group.
Clinical correlates of obstructive sleep apnoea in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus
Authors: Regalbuto Simone , Zangaglia Roberta , Valentino Francesca , Todisco Massimiliano , Pacchetti Claudio , Cotta Ramusino Matteo , Mazzacane Federico , Picascia Marta , Arceri Sebastiano , Malomo Gaetano , Capriglia Elena , Spelta Laura , Rubino Annalisa , Pisani Antonio , Terzaghi Michele 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeThe pathogenesis of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) remains controversial. Limited studies have indicated a high prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) amongst iNPH patients. The aim was to investigate the clinical correlates of OSA in iNPH patients.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional observational study, consecutive iNPH patients were prospectively enrolled. Evaluations included the iNPH Rating Scale, the Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part III, the time and number of steps to walk 10 m, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, a complete neuropsychological evaluation, 3‐T brain MRI, full‐night video‐polysomnography, tap test and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neurodegeneration biomarkers.ResultsFifty‐one patients were screened, of whom 38 met the inclusion criteria. Amongst the recruited patients, 19/38 (50%) exhibited OSA, with 12/19 (63.2%) presenting moderate to severe disorder. OSA+ iNPH patients required more time (p = 0.02) and more steps (p = 0.04) to complete the 10‐m walking test, had lower scores on the gait subitem of the iNPH Rating Scale (p = 0.04) and demonstrated poorer performance on specific neuropsychological tests (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test immediate recall, p = 0.03, and Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure, p = 0.01). Additionally, OSA+ iNPH patients had higher levels of total tau (p = 0.02) and phospho‐tau (p = 0.03) in their CSF but no statistically significant differences in beta‐amyloid (1–42) levels compared to OSA− iNPH patients.ConclusionObstructive sleep apnoea is highly prevalent in iNPH patients, particularly at moderate to severe levels. OSA is associated with worse motor and cognitive performance in iNPH. The CSF neurodegeneration biomarker profile observed in OSA+ iNPH patients may reflect OSA‐induced impairment of cerebral fluid dynamics.
Experimental investigations on normal mode nodes as support positions of a resonant testing facility for bending fatigue tests
Authors: Schramm Clara , Birkner Dennis , Schneider Sebastian , Marx Steffen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLarge‐scale fatigue testing is very important to the research on scale effects, which occur in large cyclic loaded structures, such as wind turbine towers. However, such experimental testing has a very high energy consumption. As an efficient alternative, this paper presents a new resonant testing facility for large‐scale specimens under cyclic bending loads. The facility works as a 4‐point bending test, in which the specimen is supported in the nodes of its first normal bending mode, where theoretically no reaction forces occur. Two counter‐rotating imbalance motors with excitation frequencies near resonance generate a harmonic force acting on the specimen. Experimental trial fatigue tests on a steel pipe as a specimen were carried out, in order to validate the new testing setup. A great decrease in the support forces was reached by placing the supports at the normal mode nodes. Additionally, the behavior of the support forces under varying positions and excitation frequencies was also investigated. In summary, the resonant testing method combined with the supports at the normal mode nodes offers an efficient and energy‐saving testing setup for large‐scale fatigue tests.
Gender Disparities in Frailty and Its Decomposition Among Chinese Older Adults
Authors: Hu Meili , Si Jiacheng , Wang Jiayi 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTAimsTo identify the evidence of gender disparities in frailty and explore the factors contributing to male–female differences.DesignA longitudinal study.MethodsA total of 24,429 older adults (60+) were enrolled. Frailty was assessed by frailty index and frailty risk based on Rockwood's cumulative deficit frailty index. OLS and logistic regression models were conducted, with Oaxaca–Blinder and Fairlie decomposition methods to further analyse the factors contributing to gender disparities in frailty.Data SourcesThe paper used four waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study from 2011 to 2018, a nationwide survey organised by the National Development Institute of Peking University.ResultsWomen had higher frailty status than men, with more pronounced increases. Among the factors, education has the most significant association with frailty gender disparities. The contribution of individual characteristics, particularly education, to gender disparities in frailty appeared to diminish over time, while the contribution of family and regional factors remained relatively stable, and the contribution of institutions was deemed inadequate.ConclusionsThe frailty in Chinese older adults is generally on the rise with continuously expanded gender disparities. It is crucial to consider the contributing factors to frailty in older adults for effective prevention and intervention strategies. Additional gender‐specific geriatric care policies are needed in order to address gender inequality in health.ImpactThe findings of this study highlight the prevalence of increasing gender disparities in frailty and identify that the level of education, per capita annual household income as well as marital status are the most significant factors contributing to the gender gap. Those findings provide policy implications for healthcare nursing service from a gender‐specific perspective in order to achieve health equity.Reporting MethodThis study has adhered to the STROBE guideline.Patient or Public ContributionNo Patient or Public Contribution.What Does This Paper Contribute to the Wider Global Clinical Community

This study provided implications on gender‐specific geriatric care nursing services.

The study highlighted the importance of focusing on frailty and its gender disparities in geriatric clinical nursing.
Lactate regulates pathological cardiac hypertrophy via histone lactylation modification
Authors: Zhao Shuai‐Shuai , Liu Jinlong , Wu Qi‐Cai , Zhou Xue‐Liang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUnder the long‐term pressure overload stimulation, the heart experiences embryonic gene activation, leading to myocardial hypertrophy and ventricular remodelling, which can ultimately result in the development of heart failure. Identifying effective therapeutic targets is crucial for the prevention and treatment of myocardial hypertrophy. Histone lysine lactylation (HKla) is a novel post‐translational modification that connects cellular metabolism with epigenetic regulation. However, the specific role of HKla in pathological cardiac hypertrophy remains unclear. Our study aims to investigate whether HKla modification plays a pathogenic role in the development of cardiac hypertrophy. The results demonstrate significant expression of HKla in cardiomyocytes derived from an animal model of cardiac hypertrophy induced by transverse aortic constriction surgery, and in neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes stimulated by Ang II. Furthermore, research indicates that HKla is influenced by glucose metabolism and lactate generation, exhibiting significant phenotypic variability in response to various environmental stimuli. In vitro experiments reveal that exogenous lactate and glucose can upregulate the expression of HKla and promote cardiac hypertrophy. Conversely, inhibition of lactate production using glycolysis inhibitor (2‐DG), LDH inhibitor (oxamate) and LDHA inhibitor (GNE‐140) reduces HKla levels and inhibits the development of cardiac hypertrophy. Collectively, these findings establish a pivotal role for H3K18la in pathological cardiac hypertrophy, offering a novel target for the treatment of this condition.
Multifaceted role of FAM210B in hepatocellular carcinoma: Implications for tumour progression, microenvironment modulation and therapeutic selection
Authors: Pan Xianzhu , Xu Jun , Zhou Yuanqin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common and lethal liver cancer characterized by complex aetiology and limited treatment options. FAM210B, implicated in various cancers, is noteworthy for its potential role in the progression and treatment response of HCC. Yet, its expression patterns, functional impacts and correlations with patient outcomes and resistance to therapy are not well understood. We employed a comprehensive methodology to explore the role of FAM210B in HCC, analysing its expression across cancers, subcellular localization and impacts on cell proliferation, invasion, migration, biological enrichment and the immune microenvironment. Additionally, we investigated its expression in single cells, drug sensitivity and relationships with genomic instability, immunotherapy efficacy and key immune checkpoints. While FAM210B expression varied across cancers, there was no notable difference between HCC and normal tissues. Elevated levels of FAM210B were associated with improved survival outcomes. Subcellular analysis located FAM210B in the plasma membrane and cytosol. FAM210B was generally downregulated in HCC, and its suppression significantly enhanced cell proliferation, invasion and migration. Biological enrichment analysis linked FAM210B to metabolic and immune response pathways. Moreover, its expression modified the immune microenvironment of HCC, affecting drug responsiveness and immunotherapy outcomes. High expression levels of FAM202B correlated with increased resistance to sunitinib and enhanced responsiveness to immunotherapy, as evidenced by associations with tumour mutation burden, PDCD1, CTLA4 and TIDE scores. FAM210B exerts a complex influence on HCC, affecting tumour cell behaviour, metabolic pathways, the immune microenvironment and responses to therapy.
SENP1 reduces oxidative stress and apoptosis in renal ischaemia–reperfusion injury by deSUMOylation of HIF‐1α
Authors: Hui Yumin , Xia Kang , Zhong Jiacheng , Zhang Ye , Qiu Qiangmin , Chen Zhiyuan , Wang Lei , Liu Xiuheng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRenal ischaemia–reperfusion injury (RIRI) is a primary cause of acute kidney damage, occurring frequently in situations like renal transplantation, yet the underlying mechanisms were not fully understood. Sentrin‐specific protease 1 (SENP1) is an important member of the SENP family, which is widely involved in various diseases. However, the role of SENP1 in RIRI has been unclear. In our study, we discovered that SENP1 was involved in RIRI and reduced renal cell apoptosis and oxidative stress at elevated levels. Further mechanistic studies showed that hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) was identified as a substrate of SENP1. Furthermore, SENP1 deSUMOylated HIF‐1α, which reduced the degradation of HIF‐1α, and exerted a renoprotective function. In addition, the protective function was lost after application of the HIF‐1α specific inhibitor KC7F2. Briefly, our results fully demonstrated that SENP1 reduced the degradation of HIF‐1α and attenuated oxidative stress and apoptosis in RIRI by regulating the deSUMOylation of HIF‐1α, suggesting that SENP1 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of RIRI.
New clinical approach in facial mild–moderate acne: Re‐stabilization of skin microbiota balance with a topical biotechnological phytocomplex
Authors: De Lucas Raul , Martínez Helena , Nieto Carlos , Ruiz‐Alonso Carlos , Bermejo Rafael , Carrón Nerea , Garcia‐Segura Sergio , Gonzalez‐Torres Pedro , Palacios‐Martínez David , Guerra‐Tapia Aurora , Bou Lola , Pérez Montse 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectivesDysbiosis of the skin microbiota has been identified as a key factor in the development of acne. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of a facial cream gel containing a biotechnological phytocomplex, niacinamide and succinic acid on the bacterial diversity of subjects with mild–moderate acne and its clinical benefits due to microbiota changes.MethodsOpen‐label, clinical study in 44 subjects with mild–moderate acne treated with a facial cream gel for 8 weeks. Bacterial diversity was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing of skin samples. Clinical effects were evaluated using the IGA acne severity scale, biometric measurements, and safety.ResultsAfter 56 days of product's use, an increase in alpha and beta diversity was found (p < 0.01), with a decrease in the relative abundance of C. acnes (48.99% vs. 38.83%, p < 0.001). Regarding clinical results, a decrease in acne severity on the IGA scale (27.33%, p < 0.001), number of non‐inflammatory and inflammatory lesions (respectively: 31.12%, p = 0.05; 47.27%, p < 0.001), amount of sebum (89.00%, p < 0.01) and erythema (15.35%, p < 0.01), was found. [Correction added on 19 September 2024, after first online publication: In the preceding sentence, “42.27%” has been changed to “47.27%” in this version.] Responder analysis of the IGA score showed that 61.36% of patients improved by at least one point at day 56. The product was well tolerated throughout the study.ConclusionsThe use of the facial cream gel on skin was effective in rebalancing the microbiota, inhibiting biofilm formation and other virulence factors, reducing the number of mild–moderate acne lesions and sebum secretion, and consequently improving acne's severity.