bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatio-temporal analysis of surface elevation changes in Pine Island Glacier, Antarctica, from ICESat GLAS data and ERS-1 radar altimeter data
Authors: Herzfeld Ute C. , Wallin Bruce 
Published: March 2014

AbstractCharacterized by fast movement, low surface slope and grounding below sea level, Pine Island Glacier (PIG) plays an important role in the stability of the West Antarctic ice sheet. In previous work, we reported that the spatial distribution of 1995–2003 surface lowering in PIG suggests an attribution of changes to an internally forced process in the glacier. Other work associates changes in PIG entirely with processes in its ice shelf. Here time series of maps of surface elevation change in PIG and its ice shelf are derived from geostatistical analysis of ICESat GLAS and ERS-1 radar altimeter data. Based on spatio-temporal analysis of 1995–2007 elevation change, we discuss indications of processes that initiate from changes in the ice shelf versus processes that start internally in the glacier. Thinning rates continued to increase after 2003, regionally to >15 m a–1. The initiation of acceleration occurred in the interior of the ice stream, while in later years largest elevation loss was driven by changes in the ice shelf and upward propagation. By 2006, the region of thinning had expanded up-glacier beyond the initial areas of surface lowering to 100 km above the hinge line. More than one process causes dynamically complex changes in PIG.
Variations in water level and glacier mass balance in Nam Co lake, Nyainqentanglha range, Tibetan Plateau, based on ICESat data for 2003-09
Authors: Wu Hongbo , Wang Ninglian , Jiang Xi , Guo Zhongming 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWater level fluctuations of inland lakes are related to regional-scale climate changes, and reflect variations in evaporation, precipitation and glacier meltwater flowing into the lake area in its catchment. In this paper, Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) altimeter data and Landsat imagery (2002-09) are used to estimate Nam Co lake (Nyainqentanglha range, Tibetan Plateau) water elevation changes during 2002-09. In 2003 Nam Co lake covered an area of ~1998.8 ± 4.2 km2 and was situated at 4723 m a.s.l. Over such inland water bodies, ICESat altimeter data offer both wide coverage and spatial and temporal accuracy. We combine remote-sensing and GIS technology to map and reconstruct lake area and increased volume changes during a 7 year time series. Nam Co lake water level increased by 2.4±0.12m (0.33ma–1) between 23 February 2003 and 1 October 2009, and lake volume increased by 4.9 ±0.5 km3. In the past 7 years, Nam Co lake area has increased from 1998.78 ±5.4 to 2023.8 ±3.4 km2, the glacier-covered area has decreased from 832.34 to 821.0 km2 and the drainage basin area has decreased from 201.1 ±4.2 to 196.1 ±2.3 km2. However, the most spectacular feature is the continual water level rise from 2003 to 2009 without an obvious associated increase in precipitation. Based on digital elevation models (DEMs) from Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) DEM data and corrected ICESat elevation data, significant changes to glacier mass balance in the western Nyainqentanglha mountains are indicated. Nyainqentanglha mountain glacier surface elevations decreased by 8.39 ± 0.45 m during 2003-09. Over the same period, at least 1.01 km3 of glacial meltwater flowed into Nam Co lake, assuming a glacial runoff coefficient of 0.6. The mean glacier mass-balance value is -490mmw.e. over the corresponding period, indicating that glacier meltwater in the catchment contributes to lake level rise. The contribution rate of glacial meltwater to lake water volume rise is 20.75%. The temporal lake level fluctuation correlates with temperature variations over the same time span.
21st-century increase in glacier mass loss in the Wrangell Mountains, Alaska, USA, from airborne laser altimetry and satellite stereo imagery
Authors: Das Indrani , Hock Regine , Berthier Etienne , Lingle Craig S. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAlaskan glaciers are among the largest regional contributors to sea-level rise in the latter half of the 20th century. Earlier studies have documented extensive and accelerated ice wastage in most regions of Alaska. Here we study five decades of mass loss on high-elevation, land-terminating glaciers of the Wrangell Mountains (~ 4900 km2) in central Alaska based on airborne center-line laser altimetry data from 2000 and 2007, a digital elevation model (DEM) from ASTER and SPOT5, and US Geological Survey topographic maps from 1957. The regional mass-balance estimates derived from center-line laser altimetry profiles using two regional extrapolation techniques agree well with that from DEM differencing. Repeat altimetry measurements reveal accelerated mass loss over the Wrangell Mountains, with the regional mass-balance rate evolving from –0.07 ± 0.19 m w.e. a–1 during 1957–2000 to –0.24 ± 0.16 m w.e. a–1 during 2000–07. Nabesna, the largest glacier in this region (˜1056 km2), lost mass four times faster during 2000–07 than during 1957–2000. Although accelerated, the mass change over this region is slower than in other glacierized regions of Alaska, particularly those with tidewater glaciers. Together, our laser altimetry and satellite DEM analyses demonstrate increased wastage of these glaciers during the last 50 years.
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniaei: A Multi-centric Study Across Karnataka
Authors: Rao Sridhar PN , Rama Prasad Subba , Gurushanthappa Vishwanath , Manipura Radhakrishna , Srinivasan Krishna 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT
Background: There are sporadic reports on detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) producers from Karnataka; hence, this is a first multicentric study across Karnataka state to determine the prevalence of ESBL production among clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniaei.
Aims and objectives: To determine the prevalence of ESBL producing clinical isolates of E. coli and K. pneumoniae from five geographically distributed centers across Karnataka, to study the susceptibility of ESBL producing isolates to other beta-lactam and beta-lactam-beta-lactamase inhibitors and to demonstrate transferability of plasmids coding for ESBL phenotype.
Materials and Methods: Two hundred isolates of E. coli and K. pneumoniae each were collected from each of the five centers (Bellary, Dharwad, Davangere, Kolar and Mangalore). They were screened for resistance to screening agents (ceftazidime, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, aztreonam) and positive isolates were confirmed for ESBL production by test described by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute . Co-production of ESBL and AmpC beta-lactamase was identified by using amino-phenylboronic acid disk method. Susceptibility of ESBL producers to beta-lactam antibiotics and beta-lactamase inhibitors was performed. Transferability of plasmids was performed by conjugation experiment.
Results: Overall prevalence of ESBL production among E. coli and K. pneumoniae across five centers of the state was 57.5%. ESBL production was found to be 61.4% among E. coli and 46.2% among K. pneumoniae. ESBL production was significantly more among E. coli than K. pneumoniae. Significant variations in distribution of ESBL across the state was observed among E. coli isolates, but not among K. pneumoniae isolates. All ESBL producers demonstrated minimum inhibitory concentration levels ≥2 μg/ml towards cefotaxime, ceftazidime and ceftriaxone.
Conclusion: Overall prevalence of ESBL production among clinical isolates of E. coli and K. pneumoniae across Karnataka state was high. The prevalence of ESBL production was significantly higher with E. coli than K. pneumoniae isolates. Higher rates of resistance to ceftriaxone and cefotaxime than to ceftazidime suggests the possibility of presence of CTX-M type ESBLs. Of all the beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations tested, cefepime-tazobactam demonstrated highest in-vitro activity against ESBL producers. There was no statistical difference in the transferability of plasmids among E. coli and K. pneumoniae.
Comparison of Three Blood Culture Techniques in the Diagnosis of Human Brucellosis
Authors: Mangalgi Smita , Sajjan Annapurna 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT
Background: Isolation of Brucellai is the gold standard in the laboratory diagnosis of brucellosis. As Brucellai is intracellular and the number of circulating bacteria is usually low, removal/dilution of antibacterial substances, concentration of bacteria and optimal culture conditions may enhance the rate of isolation.
Aims and Objectives: The objective of the following study was to compare the lysis concentration (LC), clot culture and conventional Castaneda blood culture techniques for the isolation rate and recovery time in the diagnosis of human brucellosis.
Materials and Methods: Blood cultures by LC, clot culture and conventional method were performed in 169 patients who had antibody titers ≥160 international units by the serum agglutination test.
Results: Overall blood culture positivity was found to be 24.8%, 43.1% and 34.9% by conventional, LC and clot culture techniques in that order. The mean recovery time by LC and clot culture techniques was significantly less than conventional method, resulting in an overall difference of nearly 6 and 4 days respectively.
Conclusions: For the isolation of Brucellai from blood, LC and clot culture techniques are better than the conventional technique.
Schistosomiasis of the Appendix in a Tertiary Hospital in Northern Nigeria: A 22-Year Review
Authors: Ahmed Saad A , Mohammed Umar , Sanda Robert B , Makama Jerry , Shehu Mohammed S , Ameh Emmanuel A , Mayun Ahmed A 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT
Background: Schistosomiasis is one of the neglected tropical diseases caused by a trematode, Schistosoma spp, and affects many systems in the body including the gastrointestinal tract. Schistosomiasis of the appendix is a well-recognized disease and presents as a chronic granulomatous inflammation. This study aims to document the frequency and pattern of distribution of schistosomal appendicitis in our environment.
Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective histopathological review of schistosomiasis of the appendix in the Department of Pathology, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria - Nigeria, between January 1, 1991 to December 31, 2012.
Results: Within the study period, there were 1,464 appendectomy specimens histologically examined in the Pathology Laboratory. Thirty of these, representing 2.1%, were diagnosed as schistosomiasis of the appendix. The male:female ratio was 6.5:1 and peak age incidence was in the 20-29 years age group. Abdominal pains, vomiting and fever were seen in 23 (76.7%) and altered bowel motion in seven (23.3%) patients.
Conclusion: This study showed that schistosomiasis of the appendix is not rare and that its presentation is similar to other forms of appendicitis. There is a need to focus on the prevention of schistosomiasis in order to reduce morbidity among these economically viable age groups.
Quality and Quantity of Extracted Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) from Preserved Soft Tissues of Putrefied Unidentifiable Human Corpse
Authors: Pooniya Shashank , Lalwani Sanjeev , Raina Anupuma , Millo Tabin , Dogra Tirath Das 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT
Context: The appropriate collection and preservation of soft tissues from putrefied unidentifiable human corpse for the purpose of identification using DNA profiling technique is critically important especially in developing countries like India having different levels of health-care set ups with largely varying facilities and varying climatic conditions.
Aims: The present study was carried out, mainly focusing on quality and quantity of extracted DNA from the soft tissues of putrefied unidentifiable human corpse stored upto 4 weeks at 4°C and at −80°C for DNA analysis.
Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted on 16 different putrefied unidentifiable human corpses after getting approval from institutional ethical committee. Around 2 g of four different tissues (brain, kidney, heart and muscle) were collected and preserved for one month followed by DNA extraction using the organic method, the quality and quantity of high molecular weight-DNA was estimated using the spectrophotometer and gel electrophoresis. Further, the amplification polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was also performed (AmpFLSTR® Indentifiler™ PCR Amplification kit for multiple loci, of Applied Biosystems, Lab India) and was checked using continuous PAGE.
Results: The yield of DNA was significantly higher at −80°C for all the four tissues collected and was best for brain followed by heart, kidney and worst for muscles in all cases.
Conclusions: It is suggested that the brain tissue preserved at −80°C is the best among soft issues for DNA extraction. Refrigeration or deep freezing facility should be available at all the centers.
Multilocular Cystic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Rare Entity with Review of Literature
Authors: Wahal Shailja Puri , Mardi Kavita 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTMultilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma (MCRCC) represents a rare variant of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC). MCRCC has been recognized as a separate subtype of RCC in the 2004 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of adult renal tumors. MCRCC is diagnosed on the basis of strict histological criteria according to 2004 WHO classification. The chief differentials diagnosis to be considered include cystic nephroma, cystic clear cell carcinoma, clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma and tubulocystic carcinoma. Only few cases of MCRCC are reported in literature. This case is being highlighted for its rarity and so as to avoid a misdiagnosis as conventional RCC.
Design and multicentric Implementation of a generic Software Architecture for Patient Recruitment Systems re-using existing HIS tools and Routine Patient Data
Authors: Köpcke F. , Leusch T. , Majeed R.W. , Schreiweis B. , Wenk J. , Bergh B. , Ohmann C. , Röhrig R. , Prokosch H.U. , Dugas M. , Trinczek B. 
Published: March 2014

Summary
Objective: (1) To define features and data items of a Patient Recruitment System (PRS); (2) to design a generic software architecture of such a system covering the requirements; (3) to identify implementation options available within different Hospital Information System (HIS) environments; (4) to implement five PRS following the architecture and utilizing the implementation options as proof of concept.
Methods: Existing PRS were reviewed and interviews with users and developers conducted. All reported PRS features were collected and prioritized according to their published success and user’s request. Common feature sets were combined into software modules of a generic software architecture. Data items to process and transfer were identified for each of the modules. Each site collected implementation options available within their respective HIS environment for each module, provided a prototypical implementation based on available implementation possibilities and supported the patient recruitment of a clinical trial as a proof of concept.
Results: 24 commonly reported and requested features of a PRS were identified, 13 of them prioritized as being mandatory. A UML version 2 based software architecture containing 5 software modules covering these features was developed. 13 data item groups processed by the modules, thus required to be available electronically, have been identified. Several implementation options could be identified for each module, most of them being available at multiple sites. Utilizing available tools, a PRS could be implemented in each of the five participating German university hospitals.
Conclusion: A set of required features and data items of a PRS has been described for the first time. The software architecture covers all features in a clear, well-defined way. The variety of implementation options and the prototypes show that it is possible to implement the given architecture in different HIS environments, thus enabling more sites to successfully support patient recruitment in clinical trials.
Citation: Trinczek B, Köpcke F, Leusch T, Majeed RW, Schreiweis B, Wenk J, Bergh B, Ohmann C, Röhrig R, Prokosch HU, Dugas M. Design and multicentric implementation of a generic software architecture for patient recruitment systems re-using existing HIS tools and routine patient data. Appl Clin Inf 2014; 5: 264–283 http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2013-07-RA-0047
Text Prediction on Structured Data Entry in Healthcare
Authors: Hua L. , Wang S. , Gong Y. 
Published: March 2014

Summary
Background: Structured data entry pervades computerized patient safety event reporting systems and serves as a key component in collecting patient-related information in electronic health records. Clinicians would spend more time being with patients and arrive at a high probability of proper diagnosis and treatment, if data entry can be completed efficiently and effectively. Historically it has been proven text prediction holds potential for human performance regarding data entry in a variety of research areas.
Objective: This study aimed at examining a function of text prediction proposed for increasing efficiency and data quality in structured data entry.
Methods: We employed a two-group randomized design with fifty-two nurses in this usability study. Each participant was assigned the task of reporting patient falls by answering multiple choice questions either with or without the text prediction function. t-test statistics and linear regression model were applied to analyzing the results of the two groups.
Results: While both groups of participants exhibited a good capacity of accomplishing the assigned task, the results were an overall 13.0% time reduction and 3.9% increase of response accuracy for the group utilizing the prediction function.
Conclusion: As a primary attempt investigating the effectiveness of text prediction in healthcare, study findings validated the necessity of text prediction to structured date entry, and laid the ground for further research improving the effectiveness of text prediction in clinical settings.
Citation: Hua L, Wang S, Gong Y. Text prediction on structured data entry in healthcare: A two-group randomized usability study measuring the prediction impact on user performance. Appl Clin Inf 2014; 5: 249–263 http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2013-11-RA-0095
Welfare against Growth Gains in Post-Transition Countries. What are the Consequences for Stability?
Authors: Lissowska Maria 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
This paper discusses the underpinnings of the financial crisis of the last decade in posttransition countries. It explores the endogenous reasons of this crisis, and in particular a possible link between delayed and unequal growth of household incomes on the one hand and the instability of the growth and depth of recession after the financial crisis on the other. It indicates possible factors underpinning the rapidly growing indebtedness of households, enabling faster, but unsustainable growth in consumption. Furthermore, it claims also that the artificially boosted growth of consumption and a favourable proportion between wages and profits could attract investment (also FDI), possibly searching for short-term gains. It underlines that while the inflow of financial funds was the major reason for unstable growth in this region, endogenous factors also contributed.
Parçacik sürü optimizasyon ve genetik algoritma ile hava muharebesi
Authors: Cimen Egemen Berki 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe future of aircrafts is in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and any improvement in UAVs will play an important role, especially when it comes to intelligence and capabilities for air combat manoeuvring. The ultimate goal in such work is to bring computers to the level of a pilot’s intelligence capability in air combat. In order to achieve this goal, operations research is required. The present study is based on the fight or flight situation in air combat manoeuvring and aims to improve unmanned aircrafts and better understand the difficulties of modelling intelligence. Since the project’s focus is on the problem of path planning for moving targets and enemy situations, particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithms are modelled and tested against each other in a dog fight scenario. Also, multiple targets and enemies’ scenarios are developed to compare them against each other. Moreover, imperfect information affect and dynamic environment are evaluated in this research and required actions and options are analysed. Overall, this research aims to show the importance of artificial intelligence, articulate the role of the operations research and assess the implementation of intelligence through certain heuristics.
The Extinction Solutions Index (ESI): A framework to measure solution efficiency to address biodiversity loss
Authors: Martin Rachel N. , Bunje Paul M. E. , Dehgan Alex O. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe field of conservation science has been described as a crisis‐ and solutions‐oriented discipline, with roots as a problem‐solving field. Despite this vision, current conservation research focuses on identifying and prioritizing high‐risk species and regions rather than urgently solving the causes of biodiversity loss. While understanding human impacts on biodiversity and documenting the decline and rarity of species has been the basis of conservation science and is necessary, it is not sufficient to achieve global conservation targets nor match the speed and scale of current biodiversity loss.Rather, conservation science must shift to a multidisciplinary approach that identifies and quantitatively evaluates high‐impact solutions, providing evidence for which interventions will yield maximum benefits at scale. Adjacent sectors, like climate and international development, have created successful frameworks for ranking and evaluating solutions that conservation can incorporate and build upon.This perspective introduces the Extinction Solutions Index (ESI), a framework designed to evaluate, compare and rank the most effective and efficient solutions to the biodiversity crisis. Inspired by Project Drawdown for climate solutions, the ESI aims to identify solutions across sectors and at different scopes of societal intervention—including those upstream of direct harm—and prioritize those with the highest‐impact on the extinction crisis.Solution. This approach can (1) identify the universe of interventions in myriad sectors of society and the economy that can curtail the threats leading to extinction, (2) develop a quantitative method to identify the highest‐impact solutions to address biodiversity loss and (3) create a ranking architecture that integrates factors such as return on investment of solutions. The outcomes of the ESI will enable organizations, governments, businesses and funders to focus resources, activities and investment on the most impactful, scalable solutions.