bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AA, Bill Wilson, Carl Jung and LSD
Authors: McDonnell Robert , Moriarty John , Cabe Ian Mc , Higgins Emily 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAlcoholics Anonymous (AA) is an established resource for people suffering from alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, Bill Wilson, the co‐founder of AA, in his second letter to Jung referred to its low success rate. One evidence‐based alternative, dating back to the 1950s, is the clinical use of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) for treating AUD. Bill Wilson was a strong advocate of using LSD as a preparation for alcoholics who had difficulty grasping the spiritual aspect of the 12‐step programme. Bill Wilson wrote a “secret” four‐page letter to Carl Jung detailing his own use of LSD and the success two psychiatrists in Canada had in treating alcoholics and asked for his advice on using LSD to help alcoholics. Aniela Jaffé, a Jungian analyst and co‐worker of Jung, replied to Wilson on May 29, 1961, “… as soon as Dr. Jung feels better and has enough strength to begin again his mail, I will show it to him.” Jung died a week later. This article quotes Jung's previous hostile opinions on psychedelics and asks: Just as Jung overcame his negative views on groups when giving “complete instructions” on extending the 12‐step programme of AA to “general neurotics”, might he similarly have changed his mind when he saw the documented success of using LSD with recalcitrant alcoholics?
The impact of communication: A practical guide for teachers in fostering positive self‐concept in children with learning disability
Authors: Rotschild Tamas 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSelf‐concept is a precursor to a spectrum of mental, emotional and behavioural challenges, exerting a profound influence on how children perceive themselves, interact with their peers, navigate the educational landscape, and respond to life events. A learning disability is likely to negatively impact self‐concept development, rendering children with learning disability particularly vulnerable to its detrimental effects. Addressing negative self‐concept in school settings and providing appropriate support to students, especially those with learning disabilities, is a potentially effective way to mitigate the long‐term risks of mental health, emotion regulation and behavioural problems. One powerful tool at teachers' disposal is verbal communication that is free from threat or judgement, characterized by empathetic and appreciative tones that convey goodwill and acceptance. This paper offers practical guidance to teachers on using language endowed with distinct semantic nuances and pragmatic choices, with the potential to significantly enhance children's self‐concept and promote their overall healthy development.
Agreement between the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory among emergency physicians and trainees
Authors: Li Henry , Dance Erica , Poonja Zafrina , Aguilar Leandro Solis , Colmers‐Gray Isabelle 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundEmergency physicians have the highest rates of burnout among all specialties. Existing burnout tools include the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) and single‐item measures from the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). While both were designed to measure burnout, how they conceptualize this phenomenon differs and their agreement is unclear. Given the close conceptual relationship between emotional regulation strategies such as distancing and distraction with the MBI subscale of depersonalization, we examined agreement between the two inventories and association with emotional regulation strategies as a lens to explore the conceptualization of burnout.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional survey of adult and pediatric emergency physicians and trainees in Canada. Survey questions were pretested using written feedback and cognitive interviews. “Frequent use” of an emotional regulation strategy was “most” or “all” shifts (≥4 on 5‐point Likert scale). Burnout was defined as mean ≥50/100 on the CBI and scoring ≥5 (out of 7) on at least one of the single‐item measures from the MBI. Associations with burnout were examined using multivariable logistic regression.ResultsOf 147 respondents, 44.2% were positive for burnout on the CBI and 44.9% on the single‐item measures from the MBI. Disagreement was 21.1% overall, ranging from 12.5% for older (≥55 years) physicians to 30.2% for younger (<35 years) physicians. Use of distraction and use of distancing were strongly associated with burnout on the single‐item measures (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 14.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.4–60.8]) and CBI (aOR 10.1, 95% CI 2.5–39.8, respectively.ConclusionsDespite near‐equal rates of burnout, agreement between the CBI and single‐item measures from the MBI varies and was lower for younger emergency physicians/trainees. While emotional regulation strategies were felt to be important in supporting a career in emergency medicine, they were strongly associated with burnout. Future research is needed to better understand this phenomenon and which tools to use to measure burnout.
An analysis on efficacy of applying β‐elemene intervention on chemically ‐induced tongue lesions using SAM algorithm
Authors: Liu Feng , Zhang Qinlong , Zhang Weijie , Cheng Deqiang , Zhang Feng , Deng Yating , Yu Guanzhen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAn artificial intelligence (AI) model was designed to assist pathologists in diagnosing and quantifying structural changes in tongue lesions induced by chemical carcinogens. Using a tongue cancer model induced by 4‐nitroquinoline‐N‐oxide and treated with β‐elemene, a total of 183 digital pathology slides were processed. The Segment Anything Model (SAM) was employed for initial segmentation, followed by conventional algorithms for more detailed segmentation. The epithelial contour area was computed using OpenCV's findcontour method, and the skeletonize method was used to calculate the distance map and skeletonized representation. The AI model demonstrated high accuracy in measuring tongue epithelial thickness and the number of papilla‐like protrusions. Results indicated that the model group had significantly higher epithelial thickness and fewer papillae compared with the blank group. Furthermore, the treatment group exhibited reduced epithelial thickness and fewer papilla‐like protrusions compared with the model group, though these differences were less pronounced. Overall, the SAM framework algorithm proved effective in quantifying tongue epithelial thickness and the number of papilla‐like protrusions, thereby assisting healthcare professionals in understanding pathological changes and assessing treatment outcomes.
Endometriosis and Sjögren's syndrome: Bidirectional associations in population‐based 15‐year retrospective cohorts
Authors: Ma Kevin Sheng‐Kai , Wang Li‐Tzu , Sasamoto Naoko , Wang Yu‐Hsun , Wei James Cheng‐Chung , Einarsson Jon Ivar , Laufer Marc R. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionPrimary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder affecting salivary and lacrimal glands, while endometriosis involves uterine‐like tissue growth outside the uterus, causing pelvic pain and infertility. Investigating their intricate relationship using real‐world data is crucial due to limited research on their connection.Material and MethodsThis population‐based cohort study included patients with endometriosis and controls without endometriosis. Propensity score matching was used to balance baseline differences in demographic and clinic characteristics between the two groups. Cox proportional hazards model were used to estimate the effect of endometriosis on the risk of new‐onset pSS over time. A symmetrical cohort study, including patients with pSS and propensity score‐matched controls without pSS, was conducted to investigate the effect of pSS on the risk of endometriosis over time. To elaborate on the mechanisms linking endometriosis and pSS, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was performed to identify activated pathways in eutopic endometrium from patients with endometriosis and parotid tissues from patients with pSS.ResultsA total of 15 947 patients with endometriosis and 15 947 propensity score‐matched controls without endometriosis were included. Patients with endometriosis presented a significantly greater risk of pSS compared to non‐endometriosis controls (adjusted hazard ratio, aHR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.29–1.91, p < 0.001). In the symmetrical cohort study, which included 4906 pSS patients and 4,906 propensity score‐matched controls without pSS, patients with pSS were found to be at a significantly higher risk of endometriosis compared to non‐pSS controls (aHR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.12–2.04, p = 0.012). Ingenuity Pathway Analysis showed that the underlying cellular mechanisms involved autoimmune‐related pathways, including activation of dendritic cell maturation, and chronic inflammatory pathways, including the fibrosis signaling pathway.ConclusionsThese findings support a bidirectional association between endometriosis and pSS, which may be driven by dendritic cell maturation and fibrosis signaling pathways.
Mental health and humanitarian crisis: Moral stress in trauma therapy
Authors: Regel Eva 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis article offers a narrative analysis of the contributing factors of moral distress (MD) and moral injury (MI) among mental health clinicians working amidst humanitarian crises. It discusses the impact of moral stress on therapeutic relationships in mental health trauma. The article originated from the author's experience developing a peer‐to‐peer support program at a nongovernmental organization (NGO) and conducting peer‐to‐peer support for mental health clinicians and healthcare providers in Ukraine and Turkey. A significant amount of literature has documented the detrimental effects of MD and MI on mental health, job sustainability, and resilience of healthcare providers and first responders. The negative effects of MD and MI are particularly relevant in trauma counseling, where clinicians must draw upon the use of self to develop therapeutic relationships with their clients. This process demands a high level of moral reasoning and self‐awareness, which can be severely tested under the morally challenging conditions of a humanitarian crisis. There is an imperative need to deepen our understanding and to swiftly address the factors that precipitate MD and MI in mental health clinicians working in crisis zones. By doing so, we aim to bolster their resilience and the enduring nature of their commitment to help and save others. This, in turn, will not only contribute to saving more lives but also enable those who are affected by trauma to flourish in the aftermath of their experiences.
Enhancing students' learning outcomes in self‐regulated virtual reality learning environment with learning aid mechanisms
Authors: Wang Wei‐Sheng , Lee Hsin‐Yu , Lin Chia‐Ju , Li Pin‐Hui , Huang Yueh‐Min , Wu Ting‐Ting 
Published: July 2024

AbstractVirtual Reality (VR) has demonstrated significant advantages in various educational fields as it allows learners to actively learn in high interactivity and realism under their learning pace. However, for low‐achieving students, VR learning environments may introduce some challenges, which are problems encountered during their learning process, which lead to difficulties in self‐regulating their learning progress and becoming disoriented in the lack of guidance. This study aims to explore the improvement of self‐regulated VR learning environment based on the Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning and enhance the performance of low‐achieving students. We designed a VR course on electronic circuit hardware and programming, providing participants with a series of learning aids in the VR learning environment, including feedback, hints and guidance. Feedback aids provide correct or incorrect feedback after each task or test, guidance aids display progress following each task or test and hint aids offer guidance when inactivity is detected. A quasi‐experiment was conducted by using questionnaires and practical tasks to assess the participants' cognitive levels, practical hands‐on skills, self‐regulated learning abilities and learning engagement after VR learning. The results demonstrated significant improvements in all learning indicators for low‐achieving students.
Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic

Virtual Reality (VR) presents itself as a promising tool for self‐regulated learning (SRL).
SRL abilities are of paramount importance within the learning environment of VR.
In the context of the self‐regulated Virtual Reality (SRVR) learning environment, low‐achieving students have received little attention.
What this paper adds

It examines the effectiveness of learning aid mechanisms within the SRVR learning environment.
These mechanisms support cognitive levels and increase engagement in SRVR learning.
Low‐achieving learners benefit from the presence of learning aid mechanisms in the SRVR learning environment.
Implications for practice and/or policy

Providing learning aid mechanisms within the SRVR learning environment can potentially augment learning.
Learning aids mechanism have the potential to provide comprehensive support within the SRVR setting.
Automated red blood cell exchange with a post‐procedure haematocrit targeted at 34% in the chronic management of sickle cell disease
Authors: M. Ross Jules , Forté Stéphanie , Mercure‐Corriveau Nicolas , Lemay Anne‐Sophie , Rioux‐Massé Benjamin , Potter Brian J. , Soulières Denis 
Published: July 2024

SummaryOptimal targets for red blood cell exchange (RCE) are not well defined in the chronic management of sickle cell disease. We analysed transfusion requirements and iron‐related outcomes in 101 patients on chronic RCE with a post‐procedure haematocrit (Ht) targeted at 34%, which is higher than typically used. A majority were of HbSS/HbSβ0 genotype (n = 72) and enrolled for neurological complications (n = 53). Fifty patients had a positive Ht balance with RCE (>2% mean increase from pre‐procedure level), while 43 patients maintained a neutral balance. The first group required fewer red blood cell units/year (65 vs. 80, p < 0.001), but a significant proportion were iron overloaded based on R2* with liver MRI (32% vs. none performed) and prescription of iron chelation (52% vs. 0%, p < 0.001, after a median of 19 months). The second group was more likely to receive iron supplementation (6% vs. 56%, p < 0.001). Chronic automated RCE with a post‐procedure Ht targeted at 34% is not iron‐neutral, and personalized Ht goals may be more appropriate in certain settings. This higher target should be compared with a lower Ht strategy in individuals with similar baseline red cell volumes to assess iron homeostasis and blood product requirements.
1‐Lipschitz Neural Distance Fields
Authors: Coiffier Guillaume , Béthune Louis 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNeural implicit surfaces are a promising tool for geometry processing that represent a solid object as the zero level set of a neural network. Usually trained to approximate a signed distance function of the considered object, these methods exhibit great visual fidelity and quality near the surface, yet their properties tend to degrade with distance, making geometrical queries hard to perform without the help of complex range analysis techniques. Based on recent advancements in Lipschitz neural networks, we introduce a new method for approximating the signed distance function of a given object. As our neural function is made 1‐Lipschitz by construction, it cannot overestimate the distance, which guarantees robustness even far from the surface. Moreover, the 1‐Lipschitz constraint allows us to use a different loss function, called the hinge‐Kantorovitch‐Rubinstein loss, which pushes the gradient as close to unit‐norm as possible, thus reducing computation costs in iterative queries. As this loss function only needs a rough estimate of occupancy to be optimized, this means that the true distance function need not to be known. We are therefore able to compute neural implicit representations of even bad quality geometry such as noisy point clouds or triangle soups. We demonstrate that our methods is able to approximate the distance function of any closed or open surfaces or curves in the plane or in space, while still allowing sphere tracing or closest point projections to be performed robustly.
Mesh Parameterization Meets Intrinsic Triangulations
Authors: Akalin Koray , Finnendahl Ugo , Sorkine‐Hornung Olga , Alexa Marc 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA parameterization of a triangle mesh is a realization in the plane so that all triangles have positive signed area. Triangle mesh parameterizations are commonly computed by minimizing a distortion energy, measuring the distortions of the triangles as they are mapped into the parameter domain. It is assumed that the triangulation is fixed and the triangles are mapped affinely. We consider a more general setup and additionally optimize among the intrinsic triangulations of the piecewise linear input geometry. This means the distortion energy is computed for the same geometry, yet the space of possible parameterizations is enlarged. For minimizing the distortion energy, we suggest alternating between varying the parameter locations of the vertices and intrinsic flipping. We show that this process improves the mapping for different distortion energies at moderate additional cost. We also find intrinsic triangulations that are better starting points for the optimization of positions, offering a compromise between the full optimization approach and exploiting the additional freedom of intrinsic triangulations.
Distance‐Based Smoothing of Curves on Surface Meshes
Authors: Pawellek M. , Rössl C. , Lawonn K. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe smoothing of surface curves is an essential tool in mesh processing, important to applications that require segmenting and cutting surfaces such as surgical planning. Surface curves are typically designed by professionals to match certain surface features. For this reason, the smoothed curves should be close to the original and easily adjustable by the user in interactive tools. Previous methods achieve this desired behavior, e.g., by utilizing energy‐minimizing splines or generalizations of Bézier splines, which require a significant number of control points and may not provide interactive frame rates or numerical stability. This paper presents a new algorithm for robust smoothing of discrete surface curves on triangular surface meshes. By using a scalar penalty potential as the fourth coordinate, the given surface mesh is embedded into the 4D Euclidean space. Our method is based on finding geodesics in this lifted surface, which are then projected back onto the original 3D surface. The benefits of this approach include guaranteed convergence and good approximation of the initial curve. We propose a family of penalty potentials with one single parameter for adjusting the trade‐off between smoothness and similarity. The implementation of our method is straightforward as we rely on existing methods for computing geodesics and penalty fields. We evaluate our implementation and confirm its robustness and efficiency.
Cut‐Cell Microstructures for Two‐scale Structural Optimization
Authors: Tozoni Davi Colli , Huang Zizhou , Panozzo Daniele , Zorin Denis 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTwo‐scale topology optimization, combined with the design of microstructure families with a broad range of effective material parameters, is widely used in many fabrication applications to achieve a target deformation behavior for a variety of objects. The main idea of this approach is to optimize the distribution of material properties in the object partitioned into relatively coarse cells, and then replace each cell with microstructure geometry that mimics these material properties. In this paper, we focus on adapting this approach to complex shapes in situations when preserving the shape's surface is essential.Our approach extends any regular (i.e. defined on a regular lattice grid) microstructure family to complex shapes, by enriching it with tiles adapted to the geometry of the cut‐cell. We propose a fully automated and robust pipeline based on this approach, and we show that the performance of the regular microstructure family is only minimally affected by our extension while allowing its use on 2D and 3D shapes of high complexity.
On shape design and optimization of gerotor pumps
Authors: Pareja‐Corcho J. C. , Bartoň M. , Pedrera‐Busselo A. , Mejia‐Parra D. , Moreno A. , Posada J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA gerotor pump is a two‐piece mechanism where two rotational components, interior and exterior, engage each other via a rotational motion to transfer a fluid in a direction parallel to their rotational axes. A natural question arises on what shape of the gerotor is the optimal one in the sense of maximum fluid being pumped for a unit of time, given the constraint of a fixed material needed to manufacture the pump. As there is no closed‐formula to answer this question, we propose a new algorithm to design and optimize the shape of gerotor pumps to be as efficient as possible. The proposed algorithm is based on a fast construction of the envelope of the interior component and subsequent optimization. We demonstrate our algorithm on a benchmark gerotor and show that the optimized solution increases the estimated flowrate by 16%. We also use our algorithm to study the effect of the number of teeth on the cavity area of a gerotor.
Winding Number Features for Vector Sketch Colorization
Authors: Scrivener Daniel , Coldren Ellis , Chien Edward 
Published: July 2024

AbstractVector sketch software (e.g. Adobe Illustrator, Inkscape) and touch‐interactive technologies have long aided artists in the creation of resolution‐independent digital drawings that mimic the unconstrained nature of freehand sketches. However, artist intent behind stroke topology is often ambiguous, complicating traditional segmentation tasks such as coloring. For inspiration, we turn to the winding number, a classic geometric property of interest for binary segmentation in the presence of boundary data. Its direct application for multi‐region segmentation poses two main challenges: (1) strokes may not be consistently oriented to best identify perceptually salient regions; (2) for interior strokes there is no “correct” orientation, as either choice better distinguishes one of two neighboring regions. Thus, we form a harmonic feature space from multiple winding number fields and perform segmentation via Voronoi/power diagrams in this domain. Our perspective allows both for automatic fill region detection and for a semi‐automatic framework that naturally incorporates user hints and interactive sculpting of results, unlike competing automatic methods. Our method is agnostic to curve orientation and gracefully handles varying gap sizes in the sketch boundary, outperforming state‐of‐the‐art colorization methods on these “gappy” inputs. Moreover, it inherits the ability of winding numbers to specify “fuzzy” boundaries, leading to simple strategies for color diffusion and single‐parameter‐driven growing and shrinking of regions.