bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical and mechanical properties of stir-casting processed AA2024/B4Cp composites
Authors: Canakci Aykut , Arslan Fazli , Varol Temel 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
In this study, metal matrix composites of an aluminum alloy (AA2024) and B4C particles with volume fractions 3, 5, 7, and 10 vol% and with sizes 29 and 71 μm were produced using stir-casting technique. The effects of B4C particle content and size of boron carbide on the mechanical properties of the composites such as hardness, 0.2% yield strength, tensile strength, and fracture were investigated. Furthermore, the relation between particle content, microstructure, and particle distribution has been investigated. The hardness of the composites increased with increasing particle volume fraction and with decreasing particle size, although the tensile strength of the composites decreased with increasing particle volume fraction and with decreasing particle size. Scanning electron microscopic observations of the microstructures revealed that dispersion of the coarser sizes of B4C particles was more uniform while the finer particles led to agglomeration of the particles and porosity.
Phonologische Komplexität: Demisilben inVersprechern, Paraphasien und Neologismen
Authors: Leuninger Helen , Dümig Sascha , Kops Friederike , Koch Corinna , Grimm Teresa , Becker Jasmin , Paul Michèle , Schwarze Rabea 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
The following study addresses the question whether slips of the tongue(Frankfurter Versprecherkorpus) alter the phonological complexity of thetargeted demisyllables. The analysis is based on Clements (1990) phonologicaltheory, in which the markedness of demisyllables is calculated onthe basis of major class features and syllabic positions of the respectivephonemes. The analysis of the slips of the tongue showed no significantasymmetry. The erroneous as well as the intended demisyllables did notdiffer in their phonological complexity. Furthermore, slip repairs are insensitiveto phonological complexity. Even for phonological paraphasias phonologicalcomplexity is not a critical feature. In this respect they behavelike slips of the tongue. On the contrary, so-called abstruse neologismsproduced by aphasic patients are mostly constructed with unmarked demisyllables.To explain this difference, we refer to a modified language productionmodel by Buckingham (1990). In contrast to slips and paraphasias,a language processing component that is underused after languageacquisition is completed is activated during the production of abstruse neologismsdue to lexical blocking. This sublexical component, the so-calledrandom generator, fills the syllable positions in such a way that demisyllablesof low phonological complexity are generated.
Sinngebiete lebensweltlicher Erfahrung in der SMS- und Usenet-Kommunikation: Ein Vergleich
Authors: Bücker Jörg 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
While both SMS and Usenet communication have been the subject of variousstudies in the past years, they have not been compared with each other.Hence, this study aims at discussing some fundamental differences betweenSMS and Usenet communication from an interactional linguistic, phenomenologicaland sociological point of view. In particular, it will show thatUsenet communication allows for the conversational construction of virtualspaces of action which can be characterized as “finite provinces of meaning”(‘geschlossene Sinngebiete’) in the sense of Schütz, Luckmann andBerger. These virtual “finite provinces of meaning” emerge as a result ofcommunicative practices by which actors attribute local, temporal, behavioraland cultural dimensions to the “communication form” (‘Kommunikationsform’).In SMS communication, in contrast, such dimensions arenot linked directly to the communication form. The reason is that SMScommunication usually takes place between participants who know eachother and do not only communicate via SMS: As communication via SMSis not their primary, let alone exclusive, space of mutual interaction andsocial experience, they do not need to attribute local, temporal, behavioraland cultural dimensions of their social actions to the communication form.Usenet communication, in contrast, usually takes place between participantswho only have contact with each other within a certain domain ofthe Usenet which is characterized by specific thematic restrictions. In sucha context, it is natural to ascribe local, temporal, behavioral and culturaldimensions of social actions to the communication form (or its textualrepresentation) as the only space of mutual interaction and social experiencewhich is shared by all participants.
A Voice of the Crowd: Futurism and the Politics of Noise
Authors: Williams Gavin 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
In his 1913 manifesto “L'arte dei rumori” (The Art of Noises), Futurist painter Luigi Russolo exhorted readers to “walk across a great modern metropolis with ears more attentive than eyes.” For Russolo, attentive listening to the urban environment enacted a visionary aurality: the city was a mine for “new” noises, such as rumbling motors and jolting trams. However, Russolo's embrace of noise—much like that of Futurist painter Umberto Boccioni and Futurist poet Filippo Tommaso Marinetti—was undeniably a product of its time and place. This article excavates the sounds of 1913 Milan as a crucial location for the noises of early Italian Futurism. Not only was this city the Futurists' base, but it also inflected their representations of noise both through its symbolic architectural sites (above all the Galleria Vittorio Emanuele) and the buzz of its human multitudes. In this latter respect, late-nineteenth-century positivist crowd psychology can provide an illuminating context because it shares with Futurism the notion of modern, urban crowd united by a collective unconscious—one that could, moreover, be heard by the attentive listener on a city's streets. This article tracks this historical mode of listening from Russolo's manifesto until the reception of his first concert for an entire orchestra of newly wrought noise intoners—his “Gran concerto per intonarumori,” held at Milan's Teatro Dal Verme in 1914—and explores what was, in this case, a slippery (but critical) distinction between “audience” and “crowd.” Russolo's clamorously received premiere forced its listeners and performers to attend to off- (rather than on-) stage noises, thus raising still-vital questions about where to locate Futurism's noise, influence, and politics.
Maxillary Sinus Lateral Wall Thickness and Morphologic Patterns in the Atrophic Posterior Maxilla
Authors: Monje Alberto , Catena Andrés , Monje Florencio , Gonzalez‐García Raúl , Galindo‐Moreno Pablo , Suarez Fernando , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: December 2013

Background: The aim of the present study is to examine the sinus lateral wall thickness (LWT) of atrophic posterior maxilla (<10 mm) of patients with complete and partial edentulism and determine the influence of residual ridge height (RH), sex, and age on maxillary LWT.Methods: Four hundred fourteen measures were taken from 140 consecutive patients that met the inclusion criteria. On the selected sagittal section, a built‐in digital caliper recorded in millimeters the RH and LWT (a perpendicular line at 3, 5, 7, 10, 13, and 15 mm from the lowest point of the sinus floor). Edentulous spans were further classified as complete edentulous atrophic maxilla (CEM) and partial edentulous atrophic maxilla (PEM). The mixed linear model was used to test the effects of sex, type of edentulism, edentulous span, and RH on the measurement of the LWT of the sinus.Results: Mean LWT for PEM was 1.71 ± 0.12 mm, and for CEM, 1.57 ± 0.07 mm (P = 0.01). The mixed model yielded significant effect of edentulous span (P = 0.048) and interactions among type of edentulism and edentulous span (P <0.001) and edentulous span by RH (P <0.01). Age and RH were positively associated with LWT; however, they did not interact with RH, sex, or type of edentulism. RH has been shown to correlate with edentulous span (P <0.001) and type of edentulism (P = 0.01). The longer the edentulous span, the thinner the LWT. Similarly, RH was larger for PEM (6.85 ± 0.34 mm) than CEM (5.69 ± 0.26 mm).Conclusions: The maxillary sinus lateral wall tends to increase in thickness from the second premolar to the second molar and from 5 mm up to 15 mm. In addition, RH, presence of teeth adjacent to the edentulous atrophic ridge, and age were shown to influence maxillary sinus LWT.
A Reexamination of Audit Fees for Initial Audit Engagements in the Post-SOX Period
Authors: Desir Rosemond , Casterella Jeffrey R. , Kokina Julia 
Published: December 2013

SUMMARY:
On August 16, 2011, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) issued a concept release seeking comments on ways to enhance auditor independence. The Board notes that higher failure rates in new audit engagements might be linked to unrealistic pricing. The Board's concern is that a new auditor might be more susceptible to management pressure if initial-year audit fees are set artificially low. Prior to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) of 2002, empirical evidence shows that auditors discounted their initial-year audit fees. This practice, known as lowballing, was expected to decrease significantly after the enactment of SOX. Indeed, findings in Huang, Raghunandan, and Rama (2009) seem to confirm that Big 4 auditors charged a fee premium on new auditor-client relationships in 2006. However, it is not clear if more recent post-SOX initial-year audits are free of lowballing. We investigate whether lowballing exists in new auditor-client relationships in an “extended” post-SOX environment for the years 2007 to 2010. Our results suggest that both Big 4 and non-Big 4 accounting firms discounted their initial-year audit fees during our sample period (2007–2010). These findings should be of interest to the PCAOB as it searches for ways to bolster auditor independence.
Data Availability: Available from public sources.
Ground Temperature at The Henryk Arctowski Station (King George Island, Antarctic) – Case Study from the Period January 2012 to February 2013
Authors: Araźny Andrzej , Kejna Marek , Sobota Ireneusz 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
The article presents the results of measurements of ground temperature in the context of general meteorological conditions at the Henryk Arctowski Station (King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic) from the period of 20 January 2013 to 22 February 2013. The measurements were taken using a Vantage Pro+ automatic weather station and the thermal conditions of the ground were measured by means of a HOBO automatic data logger. The variability of ground temperature was analysed in an annual and diurnal cycle. A clear recurrent diurnal pattern was observed in the summer season, resulting from more favourable insolation conditions in that part of the year. In the winter, on the other hand, no major differences in the diurnal cycle of ground temperature were found, particularly with a dense snow cover.
Frequency of Ice Days at Selected Meteorological Stations in Svalbard
Authors: Łupikasza Ewa , Niedźwiedź Tadeusz 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
The paper aims to present research into both the long-term variability in the ice days in Svalbard representing the Atlantic sector of the Arctic, and their relations to atmospheric circulation. Ice days are defined as days with a daily maximum temperature below 0°C (Tmax<0°C). They are considered to be amongst the most important indices of current climate change. All the available data on daily maximum air temperature from three Norwegian stations (Svalbard Airport (Svalbard Lufthavn), Bjørnøya and Hopen) and from the Polish Polar Station in Hornsund (SW Spitsbergen) have been employed. The relevance of atmospheric circulation to the frequency of the occurrence of ice days was evaluated by calculating the Spearman correlation coefficients between the frequency of ice days and three regional circulation indices: zonal westerly circulation index (W), meridional southerly circulation index (S) and index of cyclonicity (C). At all the stations the number of ice days exhibited significant decreasing trends in the period of 1979-2012.
Strength profile in young male athletes from different sports
Authors: Buśko Krzysztof , Gajewski Jan , Mazur-Różycka Joanna , Michalski Radosław , Łach Patrycja 
Published: December 2013

Summary
Study aim: The aim of the present study was to determine a strength profile which characterizes young male athletes from different sports and to use the method of allometry to synthetically evaluate the muscular strength with respect to body mass.
Material and methods: The study included 85 men who practiced taekwondo (8 subjects), 20 judoists, 10 weightlifters, 35 canoeists and 12 speed skaters. Measurements of maximal muscle torques in 10 groups of flexors and extensors of the elbow, shoulder, hip, knee and trunk were carried out in a testing station for muscle torque measurements under static conditions. In order to determine the relationships between the body mass and muscle torques in each muscle group, the authors used a procedure of linear regression for the data expressed as logarithms. Hence, the allometric relationship scaled with body mass was obtained.
Results: The study demonstrated that the mean values of logarithms of maximal muscle torques are significantly different for the representatives of individual sports and they depend on the logarithm of body mass. The analysis of residuals was employed for the evaluation of maximal muscle torques. The highest strength profiles were observed in athletes who practice judo and the lowest in those who represented weightlifting and taekwondo.
Conclusion: The authors propose to use an allometric relationship which takes body mass into consideration during evaluation of strength in individual muscle groups, because the values of muscle torques are not in direct proportion to body mass and their mutual proportions change with an increase in body mass.
The influence of large-scale climatic patterns on precipitation, temperature, and discharge in Czech river basins
Authors: Šípek Václav 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
The present study focuses on the possible influence of large-scale climatic patterns on precipitation, temperature, and discharge in two distinct river basins in the Czech Republic. The first one is a flat lowland basin of the Cidlina River and the second one represents a more mountainous type of climate (the Blanice River). The large-scale climatic patterns used comprise monthly averages of teleconnection patterns, sea level pressure values, and two geopotential heights (850 hPa and 500 hPa). The correlations for corresponding months and also up to a three months lead time were investigated. The relations concerning the corresponding months proved to be most reliable in the winter period of the year. The behaviour of both selected river basins with respect to these predictors is rather similar in character. However, higher values of correlation coefficients are reached in the case of the Cidlina River basin. Considering the prediction abilities with a certain lead time, the results seem to be more promising for the winter and spring periods in both basins. In the Cidlina River basin, they are likely to be beneficial also for the late summer and autumn period.
Characterizing sand ripples at equilibrium phases
Authors: Qin Jie , Zhong Deyu , Wang Guangqian 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Morphological characteristics of ripples are analyzed considering bed surfaces as two dimensional random fields of bed elevations. Two equilibrium phases are analyzed with respect to successive development of ripples based on digital elevation models. The key findings relate to the shape of the two dimensional second-order structure functions and multiscaling behavior revealed by higher-order structure functions. Our results suggest that (1) the two dimensional second-order structure functions can be used to differentiate the two equilibrium phases of ripples; and (2) in contrast to the elevational time series of ripples that exhibit significant multiscaling behavior, the DEMs of ripples at both equilibrium phases do not exhibit multiscaling behavior.
Comparison of two methods to assess heterogeneity of water flow in soils
Authors: Lichner Ľubomír , Dušek Jaromír , Dekker Louis W. , Zhukova Natalia , Faško Pavol , Holko Ladislav , Šír Miloslav 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
The heterogeneity of water flow and solute transport was assessed during radioactive tracer infiltration experiment in a black clay loam soil using modified methods to estimate the effective cross section (ECS) and the degree of preferential flow (DPF). The results of field and numerical experiments showed that these parameters characterized the heterogeneity of water flow in the soils unequivocally. The ECS decreases non-linearly and the DPF increases linearly with an increase of the bypassing ratio (ratio of macropore flow rate to total flow rate). The ECS decreased and the DPF increased with depth, which suggests an increase in the heterogeneity of water flow with depth. The plot of the DPF against ECS values calculated from the tracer experiment data was consistent with the relationship obtained by the numerical simulation assuming preferential flow in the neighbourhood of three probes.
Energy Transition in and by the Local Media
Authors: Horsbøl Anders 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Climate change mitigation and the transition to environmentally sustainable forms of life have become central public issues, and a number of studies have investigated the role of the media in constructing and distributing representations of climate change and sustainability. Most of these studies have addressed the media at a national or international level. This article investigates the mediating of a local, municipal initiative, i.e. the so-called ‘Energy Town Frederikshavn’ project in northern Denmark, which has set the ambitious goal of complete transition to renewable energy consumption and CO2 neutrality within a few years. Using frame analysis, informed by discourse studies, the article analyzes how the project emerged and was established as a public phenomenon in the media coverage, including how it was made intelligible and which social actors were represented as having a say on the matter. The findings show several differences to national or international representations of climate change and sustainability, such as a prevalent profiling frame and an indication of a reversal of the so-called Giddens’ paradox.
Tardigrada from Arctic tundra (Spitsbergen) with description of Isohypsibius karenae sp. n. (Isohypsibiidae)
Authors: Zawierucha Krzysztof 
Published: December 2013

AbstractFive species of Tardigrada were found in two moss samples collected from the Hornsund area (Ariekammen, Spitsbergen) including one new to science. The new species, Isohypsibius karenae sp. n., differs from the other similar congeners mainly by having a different type of cuticular sculpture, a different macroplacoid length sequence, by the presence of lunules and cuticular bars under claws as well as by some morphometric characters. The current study increases the number of Isohypsibius species known from Svalbard to thirteen.
Microphytoplankton communities off the Antarctic Peninsula region in austral summer 2010/2011
Authors: Luan Qingshan , Wang Chenghua , Wang Xinliang , Sun Jianqiang , Niu Mingxiang , Wang Jun 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Microphytoplankton communities in waters near the Antarctic Peninsula were investigated using collections made during two krill harvesting cruises in austral summer 2010/2011. Twenty−five net−haul samples were collected. The species composition was assessed, and the cell abundance was counted with a light microscope. A total of forty−four species were recorded, with diatoms being the most abundant group. The predominant species near the South Shetland Islands (SSIs) were Fragilariopsis kerguelensis, Pseudo−nitzschia lineola and Thalassiothrix antarctica, while Rhizosolenia antennata f. semispina was the most common species near the South Orkney Islands (SOIs). Habitat use was preferentially distributed. The average cell abundance of total phytoplankton was 6.6×1011 cells m−2 with high densities detected at the southwest tip of theAntarctic Peninsula. Cluster analysis clearly illustrated that the microphytoplankton communities were different at the SSIs and SOIs. Correlation analysis was applied to interpret the relationship between phytoplankton distribuion and associated hydrographic conditions. Total phytoplankton abundance showed a significant negative correlation with sea surface salinity (p <0.01). The results implied that the high phytoplankton biomass was supported primarily by suitable physical conditions in the upper water column, i.e., relatively stable, stratified and well−lighted seawaters. Water stability in combination with the depth of the upper mixed layer might be the main factor control− ling the phytoplankton distribution in waters near the Antarctic Peninsula.
Salt and Bread: Latvia’S Experience
Authors: Kunkulberga Daiga , Mūrniece Endija 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Much research has shown that reduction in salt intake can have a very positive impact on human health, as salt intake plays a critical role in regulating blood pressure. According to the World Health Organization, populations with low salt intake, all other factors being equal, usually have lower blood pressure level, in that way decreasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. The main source of salt in the diet is ready-made food, and only about 11% of overall salt intake is the salt people add to their food themselves. A common EU framework for salt reduction has been developed, which describes a common vision for a general European approach towards salt reduction. Bread has been identified as an important contributor to the daily salt intake in many countries. On the other hand, salt has important technological functions in bakery products. It improves the qualities of dough, fermentation, and flavour of bread. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the amount of salt in Latvian bread and to assess the need for decreasing the amount of salt in bread. The majority of Latvian bread contains 1.1 to 1.2% salt in flour, but in some other kinds of bread it is even less.
Nutrition-Related Diseases in the Medicines Reimbursement System of Latvia
Authors: Arāja Diāna 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
In Latvia, the medicine reimbursement system for outpatient treatment operates under conditions of limited resources, and the state budget financing has been reduced in recent years. Under such circumstances, a necessity to identify additional possibilities to optimise resources allocation to health care programmes and prevention activities is important. The aim of this research was to identify nutrition-related diagnoses in the Latvian medicine reimbursement system and to determine potential efficiency of the resource allocation to complementary nutrition programmes. To meet the aim defined, theoretical research methods (analysis of legislative documents and special literature analysis) were used alongside empirical research methods (data collection: documentary analysis, statistical database analysis). The results of this research showed that the largest amount of reimbursed diagnoses, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, digestive diseases, and osteoporosis, are identified as nutrition-related diagnoses in the review of special literature. Determination of the efficiency of complementary nutrition programmes is a crucial issue in the context of the evidence-based medicine, both in terms of direct and indirect costs to society and government, and in terms of disability-adjusted life years and other health determinants directly related to patients. For this reason, possibilities for the evaluation of relative efficiency of the nutrition programmes for reimbursed diagnoses are investigated in depth.