bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical next‐generation sequencing in patients with non–small cell lung cancer
Authors: Hagemann Ian S. , Devarakonda Siddhartha , Lockwood Christina M. , Spencer David H. , Guebert Kalin , Bredemeyer Andrew J. , Al‐Kateb Hussam , Nguyen TuDung T. , Duncavage Eric J. , Cottrell Catherine E. , Kulkarni Shashikant , Nagarajan Rakesh , Seibert Karen , Baggstrom Maria , Waqar Saiama N. , Pfeifer John D. , Morgensztern Daniel , Govindan Ramaswamy 
Published: October 2014

BACKGROUNDA clinical assay was implemented to perform next‐generation sequencing (NGS) of genes commonly mutated in multiple cancer types. This report describes the feasibility and diagnostic yield of this assay in 381 consecutive patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).METHODSClinical targeted sequencing of 23 genes was performed with DNA from formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) tumor tissue. The assay used Agilent SureSelect hybrid capture followed by Illumina HiSeq 2000, MiSeq, or HiSeq 2500 sequencing in a College of American Pathologists–accredited, Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments–certified laboratory. Single‐nucleotide variants and insertion/deletion events were reported. This assay was performed before methods were developed to detect rearrangements by NGS.RESULTSTwo hundred nine of all requisitioned samples (55%) were successfully sequenced. The most common reason for not performing the sequencing was an insufficient quantity of tissue available in the blocks (29%). Excisional, endoscopic, and core biopsy specimens were sufficient for testing in 95%, 66%, and 40% of the cases, respectively. The median turnaround time (TAT) in the pathology laboratory was 21 days, and there was a trend of an improved TAT with more rapid sequencing platforms. Sequencing yielded a mean coverage of 1318×. Potentially actionable mutations (ie, predictive or prognostic) were identified in 46% of 209 samples and were most commonly found in KRAS (28%), epidermal growth factor receptor (14%), phosphatidylinositol‐4,5‐bisphosphate 3‐kinase catalytic subunit alpha (4%), phosphatase and tensin homolog (1%), and BRAF (1%). Five percent of the samples had multiple actionable mutations. A targeted therapy was instituted on the basis of NGS in 11% of the sequenced patients or in 6% of all patients.CONCLUSIONSNGS‐based diagnostics are feasible in NSCLC and provide clinically relevant information from readily available FFPE tissue. The sample type is associated with the probability of successful testing. Cancer 2015;121:631–639. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Electrochromic Devices Based on Disubstituted Oxo‐Bipyridinium Ionic Liquids
Authors: Jordão Noémi , Cruz Hugo , Branco Aida , Pina Fernando , Branco Luis C. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractElectrochromic symmetric and non‐symmetric disubstituted oxo‐bipyridinium ionic liquids are developed in high purities and yields. Detailed spectroscopic (NMR, FTIR and elemental analysis), thermal (DSC for melting point and glass transition temperatures, Tg determination) and electrochemical (cyclic and square wave voltammetry for determination of redox potential and evaluation of reversibility behaviour) analyses are performed. The most promising electrochromic oxo‐bipyridinium ionic liquids in combination with transparent electrolytes are tested as reversible electrochromic devices. More efficient and sustainable electrochromic devices inspired by bipyridinium ionic liquids can be conceived for industrial applications such as electrochromic car rear‐view mirrors and smart windows.
Slow Exchange of Bidentate Ligands between Rhodium(I) Complexes: Evidence of Both Neutral and Anionic Ligand Exchange
Authors: Chen Si , Manoury Eric , Poli Rinaldo 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe phosphine double exchange process involving [RhCl(COD)(TPP)] and [Rh(acac)(CO)(TMOPP)] (TPP = PPh3, TMOPP = P(C6H4‐4‐OMe)3) to yield [RhCl(COD)(TMOPP)] and [Rh(acac)(CO)(TPP)] is very rapid but is followed by a much slower process where the bidentate ligands are exchanged to yield [Rh(acac)(COD)] and a mixture of [RhCl(CO)(TPP)2], [RhCl(CO)(TMOPP)2], and [RhCl(CO)(TPP)(TMOPP)]. The exchange involving [RhCl(COD)(L)] and [Rh(acac)(CO)(L)] yields [Rh(acac)(COD)] and [RhCl(CO)(L)2], where the reaction is much faster when L = TPP than when L = TMOPP. The mixed‐metal system comprising [IrCl(COD)(TPP)] and [Rh(acac)(CO)(TPP)] yields all four complexes [M(acac)(COD)] and [MCl(CO)(TPP)2], where M = Rh and Ir. This illustrates that both a neutral ligand exchange and an anionic ligand exchange occur. Possible pathways for these processes are discussed.
Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Access to Isoquinolines and Heterocycle‐Fused Pyridines in Aqueous Medium through C–H Cleavage
Authors: Zhang Jitan , Qian Hongsheng , Liu Zhanxiang , Xiong Chunhua , Zhang Yuhong 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAn efficient RhIII‐catalyzed ortho‐C–H bond activation for the synthesis of substituted isoquinolines and heterocycle‐fused pyridines in aqueous medium has been developed. This method involves the in situ generation of ketimines from ketones and ammonium acetate and subsequent oxidative C–H bond activation/annulation of ketimines with alkynes to form the C–C/C–N bonds spontaneously. Various aryl ketones and internal alkynes were smoothly transformed into the desired heterocycles in moderate to excellent yields. The reaction exploits molecular oxygen as the sole oxidant by producing water as the only byproduct. Moreover, easily available NH4OAc was utilized as the nitrogen source, which makes this protocol practical and environmentally friendly.
Effect of cooling methods on residual compressive strength and cracking behavior of fly ash concretes exposed at elevated temperatures
Authors: Shaikh Faiz U. A. , Vimonsatit Vanissorn 
Published: October 2014

SummaryThis paper presents the effects of cooling methods on residual compressive strength and cracking behavior of concretes containing four different class F fly ash contents of 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% as partial replacement of cement at various elevated temperatures. The residual compressive strength of the aforementioned fly ash concretes is measured after being exposed to 200, 400, 600 and 800 °C temperatures and two different cooling methods, for example, slow cooling and rapid water cooling. Results show that the residual compressive strengths of all fly ash concretes decrease with increase in temperatures irrespective of cooling regimes, which is similar to that of ordinary concrete. Generally, control ordinary concrete and all fly ash concretes exhibited between 10% and 35% more reduction in residual compressive strength because of rapid cooling than slow cooling except few cases. Cracks are observed over concrete specimens after being exposed to temperatures ranging from 400 to 800 °C. Samples that are slowly cooled developed smaller cracks than those rapidly cooled. At 800 °C, all fly ash concretes that are exposed to rapid cooling showed the most severe cracking. X‐ray diffraction analysis shows reduction of Ca(OH)2 peak and formation of new calcium silicate peak in concretes containing 20% and 40% fly ash when subjected to 800 °C in both cooling methods. Thermo gravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis results show increase in thermal stability of concrete with increase in fly ash contents. The existing Eurocode also predicted the compressive strength of fly ash concretes with reasonable accuracy when subjected to the aforementioned elevated temperatures and cooling methods. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distributed neural representations of logical arguments in school‐age children
Authors: Mathieu Romain , Booth James R. , Prado Jérôme 
Published: October 2014

AbstractChildren's understanding of linear‐order (e.g., Dan is taller than Lisa, Lisa is taller than Jess) and set‐inclusion (i.e., All tulips are flowers, All flowers are plants) relationships is critical for the acquisition of deductive reasoning, that is, the ability to reach logically valid conclusions from given premises. Behavioral and neuroimaging studies in adults suggest processing differences between these relations: While arguments that involve linear‐orders may be preferentially associated with spatial processing, arguments that involve set‐inclusions may be preferentially associated with verbal processing. In this study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate whether these processing differences appear during the period of elementary school in development. Consistent with previous studies in adults, we found that arguments that involve linear‐order and set‐inclusion relationships preferentially involve spatial and verbal brain mechanisms (respectively) in school‐age children (9–14 year olds). Because this neural sensitivity was not related to age, it likely emerges before the period of elementary education. However, the period of elementary education might play an important role in shaping the neural processing of logical reasoning, as indicated by developmental changes in frontal and parietal regions that were dependent on the type of relation. Hum Brain Mapp 36:996–1009, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Role of Calcium and Calpain in the Downregulation of Voltage‐Gated Sodium Channel Expression by the Pyrethroid Pesticide Deltamethrin
Authors: Magby Jason P. , Richardson Jason R. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTVoltage‐gated sodium channels (Nav) are essential for initiation and propagation of action potentials. Previous in vitro studies reported that exposure to the Nav toxins veratridine and α scorpion toxin cause persistent downregulation of Nav mRNA in vitro. However the mechanism of this downregulation is not well characterized. Here, we report that the type‐II pyrethroid deltamethrin, which has a similar mechanism as these toxins, elicited an approximate 25% reduction in Nav 1.2 and Nav 1.3 mRNA in SK‐N‐AS cells. Deltamethrin‐induced decreases of Nav mRNA were blocked with the Nav antagonist tetrodotoxin, demonstrating a primary role for interaction with Nav. Pre–treatment with the intracellular calcium chelator BAPTA‐AM and the calpain inhibitor PD‐150606 also prevented these decreases, identifying a role for intracellular calcium and calpain activation. Because alterations in Nav expression and function can result in neurotoxicity, additional studies are warranted to determine whether or not such effects occur in vivo.
A parametric convex meshfree formulation for approximating the Helmholtz solution in circular coaxial waveguide
Authors: Wang Li‐Fang 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe application of convex meshfree approximation to the time‐harmonic electromagnetic wave propagation analysis of a waveguide with non‐convex cross section such as the circular coaxial waveguide remains unsolved. This paper introduces a parametric convex meshfree formulation for the circular coaxial waveguide analysis. The present method reformulates the convex meshfree approximation on the basis of a special parametric space―an extended parametric domain. The new parametric domain ensures a one‐to‐one geometric mapping using the convex meshfree approximation and allows the convex meshfree method to be applied to the oscillatory type of Helmholtz equation for circular coaxial waveguide analysis. Both transverse electric and transverse magnetic mode studies are conducted using the present method, and results are compared with the standard bilinear finite element method. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of starches from five plants of Sect. Stenophora Uline and Sect. Lasiophyton Uline of Dioscorea grown in China
Authors: Jiang Qian‐Qian , Gao Wen‐Yuan , Shi Yan‐Peng , Li Xia , Wang Hai‐Yang 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDDioscorea resources with vital medicinal and functional values are abundant in south‐west regions of China, especially in Sichuan Province. However, the resource in this region has received less attention compared with that of the north. D. zingiberensis, D. collettii, D. kamoonensis cv. Emei and Jinfo, and D. melanophyma from Sichuan Province and Chongqing City were studied with regard to the most abundant carbohydrate (starch) to search for new medicinal and food resources.RESULTSThe starches were small round granules or small oval granules and large elongated granules, except D. zingiberensis starch granules, which were disc‐like in shape. D. zingiberensis and D. collettii starches showed higher values in total starch content, water‐binding capacity and infrared ratio of absorbance bands at 1047/1035 and 1047/1022 cm−1. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis demonstrated a higher gelatinisation temperature required more energy during the gelatinisation process. D. zingiberensis and D. collettii starches showed higher resistant starch content of 724.0 and 693.2 g kg−1, respectively, with lower hydrolysis index and estimation of glycaemic index. All the starches exhibited an A‐type pattern except D. melanophyma starch, which showed a C‐type pattern evaluated by X‐ray diffraction.CONCLUSIONThese results showed that the starches with their low hydrolysis index values possessed potential values as healthy food. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Suppression of cadmium concentration in wheat grains by silicon is related to its application rate and cadmium accumulating abilities of cultivars
Authors: Naeem Asif , Saifullah  , Ghafoor Abdul , Farooq Muhammad 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDCadmium concentration in food grains could be minimised through application of beneficial plant nutrients such as silicon. Therefore, the impact of silicon application on immobilisation of Cd in soil and its concentration in low and high shoot‐Cd (LSCd and HSCd, respectively) cultivars of wheat were evaluated in a pot experiment. Selected LSCd cultivars (Iqbal‐2000 and Lasani‐2008) and HSCd cultivars (Inqlab‐91 and Sehar‐2006) were grown on artificially Cd contaminated soil at 10 mg Cd kg−1. Three levels of Si (50, 100 and 150 mg kg−1 soil), applied as calcium silicate (CaSiO3), were tested.RESULTSNone of the wheat cultivars showed any symptoms of toxicity or growth retardation against applied Cd stress. Silicon applied to Cd‐treated plants did not improve root and shoot dry matter; however, it increased grain yield significantly at the highest rate of application (150 mg kg−1 soil). Similarly, Si application at 150 mg kg−1 decreased plant available soil Cd without affecting soil pH. Silicon application not only caused a linear decrease in Cd contents of shoots and grains but also decreased its translocation from roots to shoots and grains. Decrease in shoot Cd concentration was higher in HSCd than LSCd cultivars whereas the reverse was true for Cd concentration in grains.CONCLUSIONSi addition decreased Cd concentration in wheat cultivars by causing a decrease in both plant‐available soil Cd and its translocation from roots to shoots. Application of Si at 150 mg kg−1 proved to be an effective level of Si that could significantly lower Cd concentration in wheat grains. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Direct Access to Dithiobenzoate RAFT Agent Fragmentation Rate Coefficients by ESR Spin‐Trapping
Authors: Ranieri Kayte , Delaittre Guillaume , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher , Junkers Tanja 
Published: October 2014

The β‐scission rate coefficient of tert‐butyl radicals fragmenting off the intermediate resulting from their addition to tert‐butyl dithiobenzoate—a reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agent—is estimated via the recently introduced electron spin resonance (ESR)‐trapping methodology as a function of temperature. The newly introduced ESR‐trapping methodology is critically evaluated and found to be reliable. At 20 °C, a fragmentation rate coefficient of close to 0.042 s−1 is observed, whereas the activation parameters for the fragmentation reaction—determined for the first time—read EA = 82 ± 13.3 kJ mol−1 and A = (1.4 ± 0.25) × 1013 s−1. The ESR spin‐trapping methodology thus efficiently probes the stability of the RAFT adduct radical under conditions relevant for the pre‐equilibrium of the RAFT process. It particularly indicates that stable RAFT adduct radicals are indeed formed in early stages of the RAFT poly­merization, at least when dithiobenzoates are employed as controlling agents as stipulated by the so‐called slow fragmentation theory. By design of the methodology, the obtained fragmentation rate coefficients represent an upper limit. The ESR spin‐trapping methodology is thus seen as a suitable tool for evaluating the fragmentation rate coefficients of a wide range of RAFT adduct radicals.
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Zen and the art of mine rescue / Wesen und Stand der Technik des Grubenrettungswesens
Authors: Hermülheim Walter 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe success rate of mine rescue brigades with regard to saving lives after fires and explosions is significantly low. Thus it is imperative in a modern mine to put the main emphasis on creating favourable conditions for self‐rescue and escape through mitigating fire and explosion risks. In a coal mine, water explosion barriers, coal dust binding with hygroscopic salt solution, self extinguishing conveyor belts and comprehensive fire protection for diesel powered vehicles and hydraulic fluids are basic prerequisites for safe escape, as well as for safe working conditions of a mine rescue brigade combating an open or concealed fire after evacuation. In a non‐coal mine, a self‐rescue concept based on comprehensive fire protection, together with incombustible supports and backfill, may even result in a considerable reduction of mine rescue brigades. This marks an interesting option for countries with a decreasing mining industry or with mines in remote areas.Die Erfolgsrate von Grubenwehren ist im Hinblick auf die Rettung von Menschenleben nach Bränden und Explosionen gering. Daher ist es unerlässlich, in einem modernen Bergwerk den Schwerpunkt auf die Schaffung günstiger Bedingungen für die Selbstrettung und Flucht durch Brand‐ und Explosionsschutzmaßnahmen zu legen. In einem Kohlenbergwerk sind Wassertrogsperren, Bindung von Kohlenstaub mit hygroskopischen Salzlösung, selbstverlöschende Förderbänder und umfassende Brandschutzeinrichtungen für Dieselfahrzeuge und Hydraulikflüssigkeiten Grundvoraussetzungen sowohl für eine sichere Flucht als auch für sichere Arbeitsbedingungen der Grubenwehr zur Bekämpfung eines offenen oder verdeckten Brands nach der Evakuierung. Im Nichtkohlenbergbau kann ein Selbstrettungskonzept auf der Grundlage umfassenden Brandschutzes zusammen mit nicht brennbarem Ausbau und Hinterfüllung zu einer deutlichen Verringerung der Grubenwehren führen. Diese Entwicklung ist eine interessante Option für Länder mit abnehmenden Bergbauaktivitäten oder mit Bergwerken in abgelegenen Gebieten.
Ibrutinib, Obinutuzumab, Idelalisib, and Beyond: Review of Novel and Evolving Therapies for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Chung Clement , Lee Rosetta 
Published: October 2014

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a neoplasm resulting from the progressive accumulation of functionally incompetent monoclonal B lymphocytes in the blood, bone marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen. It is the most common leukemia in Western countries and typically occurs in elderly patients. Initial treatment of CLL often includes a first‐generation anti‐CD20 antibody (rituximab) with chemotherapy and is the current standard of treatment for “younger” old adults (< 70 yrs of age) or older, clinically fit patients. However, because disease progression and drug resistance are inevitable, patients typically die from their disease or treatment‐related complications. Improved understanding of the B‐cell receptor signaling pathway, which is essential for normal B‐cell growth and tumorigenesis, has led to the development of targeted therapies, with improved short‐term clinical outcomes. Ibrutinib, obinutuzumab, and idelalisib, three novel agents recently approved by the U.S. Food and Administration for CLL, all have the potential to change the treatment paradigm. In this article, we describe the pathogenesis of CLL and some of its prognostic factors. Emphasis is on the pharmacology, dosing, clinical efficacy, safety, and place of therapy of ibrutinib, obinutuzumab, and idelalisib. Investigational agents that target different parts of the CLL pathogenic pathway are also described.
Supportive care needs, anxiety, depression and quality of life amongst newly diagnosed patients with localised invasive cutaneous melanoma in Queensland, Australia
Authors: Beesley Vanessa L. , Smithers B. Mark , Khosrotehrani Kiarash , Khatun Mohsina , O'Rourke Peter , Hughes Maria Celia B. , Malt Maryrose K. , Zonta Mark J. , Bayley Gerard J. , Barbour Andrew P. , Brown Lee J. , D'Arcy Justin , Allan Christopher P. , Green Adèle C. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this paper is to determine levels of supportive care needs, anxiety, depression and symptoms amongst patients newly diagnosed with localised invasive primary melanoma and if these varied amongst patients who had a sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). We also considered quality of life compared with general population norms.MethodsPatients newly diagnosed with clinical stage IB‐II invasive melanoma were ascertained through Queensland hospitals, specialist clinics and pathology laboratories. Validated surveys measured 46 need items (Supportive Care Needs Survey–Short Form + melanoma subscale), anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) and quality of life and symptoms (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Melanoma). Regression models compared outcomes according to whether or not participants had a SLNB.ResultsWe surveyed 386 patients, 155 before and 231 after wide local excision, of whom 46% reported ≥1 moderate‐level or high‐level unmet need. The three highest needs were for help with fears about cancer spreading (17%), information about risk of recurrence (17%) and outcomes when spread occurred (16%). Those who had a SLNB were more likely to report a moderate or high unmet need for help with uncertainty about the future or with lymphoedema (p < 0.05). Overall, 32% of participants had anxiety and 15% had depression regardless of performance of SLNB. Melanoma‐specific symptoms were worse in SLNB patients (p = 0.03). Compared with the general population, emotional well‐being was lower amongst melanoma patients.ConclusionsA substantial proportion of newly diagnosed patients with localised invasive melanoma need further melanoma‐specific information and support with psychological concerns. Patients who have a SLNB clear of disease may need help with symptoms after surgery. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rashnu: a Wi‐Fi intrusion response scheme
Authors: Moosavirad S. Mobarakeh , Kabiri Peyman , Mahini Hamidreza 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis paper aims at improving one of the most important vulnerabilities of IEEE 802.11x wireless networks that is sending the management packets on unencrypted channels. Adversaries exploit this weakness for executing attacks such as man‐in‐the‐middle and evil twin. The reported work proposes a novel wireless intrusion response scheme called Rashnu to deal with these attacks. Rashnu is a third party wireless intrusion response scheme and is capable of rescuing the victim(s), that is, access point's clients. The proposed response approach is simulated in Omnet++ environment to appraise its effectiveness. Simulation results show that Rashnu can respond to these attacks with more than 65% success rate. Changing the access point selection strategy in the agent layer of the victim's wireless network interface card, 35% attacker's success rate is reduced to 8%. Eventually, improving Rashnu by tuning the response rate factor can modify this value by only 2.7%. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.