bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phanerozoic Paleomagnetism Characteristics of the Qomolangma Area in Tibet
Authors: Guangfu ZOU , Zhongxi PAN , Zhonghai ZHUANG , Tongxing ZHU , Jianzhong LI , Xintao FENG 
Published: April 2013

Abstract:This paper conducts systematic test research on the 2920 paleomagnetic directional samples taken from Ordovician‐Paleogene sedimentary formation in the north slope of Qomolangma in south of Tibet and obtains the primary remanent magnetization component and counts the new data of paleomagnetism the times. Based on the characteristic remanent magnetization component, it calculates the geomagnetic pole position and latitude value of Himalaya block in Ordovician‐Paleogene. According to the new data of paleomagnetism, it draws the palaeomagnetic polar wander curve and palaeolatitude change curve of the north slope of Qomolangma in Ordovician‐Paleogene. It also makes a preliminary discussion to the structure evolution history and relative movement of Himalaya bloc. The research results show that many clockwise rotation movements had occurred to the Himalaya block in northern slope of Qomolangmain the process of northward drifting in the phanerozoic eon. In Ordovician‐late Cretaceous, there the movement of about 20.0° clockwise rotation occurred in the process of northward drifting. However, 0.4° counterclockwise rotation occurred from the end of late Devonian epoch to the beginning of early carboniferous epoch; 6.0° and 8.0° counterclockwise rotation occurred in carboniferous period and early Triassic epoch respectively, which might be related with the tension crack of continental rift valley from late Devonian period to the beginning of early carboniferous epoch, carboniferous period and early Triassic epoch. From the Eocene epoch to Pliocene epoch, the Himalaya block generated about 28.0° clockwise while drifting northward with a relatively rapid speed. This was the result that since the Eocene epoch, due to the continuous expansion of mid‐ocean ridge of the India Ocean, the neo‐Tethys with the Yarlung Zangbo River as the main ocean basin closed to form orogenic movement and the strong continent‐continent collision orogenic movement of the east and west Himalayas generated clockwise movement in the mid‐ Himalaya area. According to the calculation of palaeolatitude data, the Himalaya continent‐continent collusion orogenic movement since the Eocene epoch caused the crustal structure in Indian Plate‐ Himalaya folded structural belt‐ Lhasa block to shorten by at least 1000 km. The systematic research on the paleomagnetism of Qomolangma area in the phanerozoic eon provides a scientific basis to further research the evolution of Gondwanaland, formation and extinction history of paleo‐Tethys Ocean and uplift mechanism of the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau.
The Sedimentary Record in Northern Qaidam Basin and its Response to the Uplift of the South Qilian Mountain at around 30 Ma
Authors: Bowen SONG , Kexin ZHANG , Ruiming CHEN , Chaowen WANG , Mansheng LUO , Jianyu ZHANG , Shangsong JIANG 
Published: April 2013

Abstract:The thick, Eocene to Pliocene, sedimentary sequence in Qaidam Basin at the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau records the surface uplift history of the northeastern Tibetan plateau. In this study, we present detailed geochemistry, heavy mineral, and clay mineralogy data of the well preserved sedimentary record in the Dahongou section in the northeast of the Qaidam Basin. The results suggest that the sedimentary sequence recorded a 30 Ma young uplift/unroofing event in the northern edge of the Qaidam Basin, which is characterized by high ZTR index value and chlorite content, and low CIW'. The results are consistent with previous sedimentological studies of the Qaidam Basin, which indicated rapid increase of the accumulation rates around 30 Ma. Based on past thermochronological data from the mountains around the Qaidam Basin and the accumulation rates of the Cenozoic basins in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, we infer a regional uplift and denudation event along the northeastern Tibetan Plateau during early Oligocene (∼30 Ma), indicating that the Tibetan Plateau had expanded north‐eastward of the study area at that time.
The Phytolith and Pollen Record since 10 ka BP from the Lhasa Region, Tibet
Authors: Lingkang CHEN , Haixia CHEN , Baodi WANG , Kaixing WU , Jianxin YU , Yansheng GU , Linsen RUAN , Baoben XIA , Zhonglei XIN 
Published: April 2013

Abstract:This paper presents a description of the river terrace at Tangjia Village in Lhasa, Tibet. Selected types of phytolith and pollen were used as proxies to study the paleoclimate in the study area. Ancient climate and vegetation changes since 10 ka BP were examined. The results demonstrated that between 10.2 and 8.9 ka BP, the dominating phytolith was the cold type and the dominating vegetation type was grassland‐forest. This indicated that the climate changed from cool‐humid to cool‐dry and later turned back into a cool‐humid climate. Between 8.9 and 8.1 ka BP, the main types of phytoliths were tooth, dumbbell, and polyhedral. This suggests that the vegetation consisted of forest‐grassland and the period's climate had become warmer. Between 8.1 and 6.7 ka BP, the warm index of phytolith assembelage gradually increased, whereas the spore and pollen assembelage revealed that the vegetation was forest with hardwood. This suggested that the paleoclimate was warmest in this period. The herbaceous vegetation increased gradually, indicating that the climate had become colder since 7.5 ka BP. Between 6.7 and 4.6 ka BP, cold type phytolith such as tooth and cap were found. Simultaneously, the pollen assembelage indicated that the vegetation shifted from grassland to forest and then turned back into grassland. This implies that the climate fluctuated from cold‐dry to cool‐humid. Between 4.6 and 1.9 ka BP, the dominate type of phytolith was cold type and its warm index was in the range 0.04–0.28, suggesting a herbaceous vegetation cover and indicating that the climate was cold. The phytolith warm index from 1.9 ka BP revealed that the climate was continuously decreasing, and most of the pollen assembelage consisted of Chenopodiaceae and Artemisia. This conclusion is in agreement with the phytolith result that indicates that the climate was becoming colder and colder.
Seismotectonics of the 2008 and 2009 Qaidam Earthquakes and its Implication for Regional Tectonics
Authors: Guihua CHEN , Xiwei XU , Ailan ZHU , Xiaoqing ZHANG , Renmao YUAN , KLINGER Yann , NOCQUET Jean‐Mathieu 
Published: April 2013

Abstract:Three magnitude >6 earthquakes struck Qaidam, Qinghai province, China, in November 10th 2008, August 28th and 31st 2009 respectively. The Zongwulongshan fault has often been designated as the active seismogenic structure, although it is at odd with the data. Our continuous GPS station (CGPS), the Xiao Qaidam station, located in the north of the Qaidam basin, is less than 30 km to the southwest of the 2008 earthquake. This CGPS station recorded the near field co‐seismic deformation. Here we analyzed the co‐seismic dislocation based on the GPS time series and the rupture processes from focal mechanism for the three earthquakes. The aftershocks were relocated to constrain the spatial characteristics of the 2008 and 2009 Qaidam earthquakes. Field geological and geomorphological investigation and interpretation of satellite images show that the Xitieshan fault and Zongwulongshan fault were activated as left lateral thrust during the late Quaternary. Evidence of folding can also be identified. Integrated analyses based on our data and the regional tectonic environment show that the Xitieshan fault is the fault responsible for the 2008 Qaidam earthquake, which is a low dip angle thrust with left lateral strike slip. The Zongwulongshan fault is the seismogenic fault of the 2009 earthquakes, which is a south dipping back thrust of the northern marginal thrust system of the Qaidam basin. Folding takes a significant part of the deformation in the northern marginal thrust system of the Qaidam basin, dominating the contemporary structure style of the northern margin of the Qaidam basin and Qilianshan tectonic system. In this region, this fault and fold system dominates the earthquake activities with frequent small magnitude earthquakes.
Variable inbreeding effects across life‐history stages in a captive carnivorous mammal population
Authors: Bilski D. R. , Pie M. R. , Passos F. C. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractStudies evaluating inbreeding depression and purging in captive populations often focus on a single life‐history stage, commonly juvenile survival, using it as a binomial response variable to model inbreeding effects. Through the use of a statistical procedure known as survival analysis, and focusing on four life stages, we examined the effects of inbreeding and other demographic and life‐history variables on the survival of the bush dog Speothos venaticus captive population. Through generalized linear mixed models, we assessed the impact of these variables upon litter sizes and proportional viability of pups within a litter. We found a negligible effect of inbreeding on survival in two viability periods up to weaning age. On the other two life stages, up to the age of sexual maturity, inbreeding assumed a negative effect on survival. Individual inbreeding led to decreased litter size, whereas maternal age negatively affected litter sizes and the proportional viability of pups within the litter. Partial purging could have removed some genetic load in this captive population; however, our results indicate that even in populations maintained in benign conditions of captivity, deleterious effects of inbreeding are differentially expressed across life‐history stages. Our results also underscore that investigating a single life‐history stage could lead to erroneous conclusions about inbreeding and purging effects, misguiding management of captive populations.
Eruption of first permanent incisors and live weight gain in grazing yearling Angora goats
Authors: McGregor BA , Butler KL 
Published: April 2013

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of the timing and duration of eruption of the first permanent incisors, live weight, sex and other factors on contemporaneous live weight gain in Angora goats.DesignGoats were previously part of a pen study on the effects of energy intake of Angora does during pregnancy and lactation on kid development. The design was 3 levels of nutrition in mid‐pregnancy by 2 levels of postnatal nutrition in 17 randomised blocks.MethodsArtificial insemination, ultrasound examination and feeding does in pens enabled accurate conduct of the study. After weaning, goats were grazed in sex groups. Live weight change between 14 and 20 months of age was related to deciduous first incisor loss and permanent first incisor development and other attributes assessed before the study.ResultsLive weight change was related to the elapsed time for first permanent incisors to commence eruption and to the length of time for first permanent incisors to erupt. This response was affected by sex. Over summer and autumn, entire males with short eruption intervals gained 2–3 kg more than entire males with long eruption intervals. Females that reached first permanent incisor eruption by mid‐summer had a live weight gain of 3 kg more than those that reached the same development 3 months later.ConclusionsLive weight change in yearling Angora goats was associated with the process of first permanent incisor eruption. In females, live weight gain was greater when first permanent incisor eruption was earlier. In males, live weight gain was greater when first permanent incisor eruption was faster.
Epistaxis in racehorses: risk factors and effects on career
Authors: Langford JL , Thomson PC , Knight PK 
Published: April 2013

ObjectiveTo profile Thoroughbreds that incurred a ban underAustralianRule ofRacing 53A onNewSouthWales racetracks between August 1999 and July 2008, determine the effect on their careers and identify the factors that predict whether these horses would race again or experience a recurrence of epistaxis.MethodsDifferences between horses that did or did not return to racing and did or did not suffer recurrent epistaxis were determined. Backwards stepwise logistic regression was used to identify variables predicting a return to racing and recurrence of epistaxis.ResultsThe mean (±SD) age at the first episode of epistaxis was 4.90 ± 1.28 years. Males that bled were older, had more career starts and were more likely to race again than females. Horses that were retired from racing after the first episode of epistaxis were older than horses that continued to race. Variables that were significant predictors of retirement were: age at the first episode of epistaxis, sex, percentage of winning starts before the first episode of epistaxis, percentage of placed starts before the first episode of epistaxis and number of starts in the preparation before the first episode of epistaxis. The significant predictors of recurrence of epistaxis were: change in distance between previous start and start at which the second episode occurred and a change in percentage of winning starts, although the odds ratios were low (0.98–0.99).ConclusionsFemales experience epistaxis at a younger age than males. No readily applicable predictors of the recurrence of epistaxis were identified.
Comparison of modern and conventional imaging techniques in establishing multiple myeloma‐related bone disease: a systematic review
Authors: Regelink Josien C. , Minnema Monique C. , Terpos Evangelos , Kamphuis Marjolein H. , Raijmakers Pieter G. , Pieters – van den Bos Indra C. , Heggelman Ben G. F. , Nievelstein Rutger‐Jan , Otten Rene. H. J. , van Lammeren – Venema Danielle , Zijlstra Josee M. , Arens Anne I. J. , de Rooy Jacky W. , Hoekstra Otto S. , Raymakers Reinier , Sonneveld Pieter , Ostelo Raymond W. , Zweegman Sonja 
Published: April 2013

SummaryThis systematic review of studies compared magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET), FDG‐PET with computerized tomography (PET‐CT) and CT with whole body X‐Ray (WBXR) or (whole body) CT in order to provide evidence‐based diagnostic guidelines in multiple myeloma bone disease. A comprehensive search of 3 bibliographic databases was performed; methodological quality was assessed using Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS) criteria (score 1–14). Data from 32 directly comparative studies were extracted. The mean QUADAS score was 7·1 (3–11), with quality hampered mainly by a poor description of selection and execution criteria. All index tests had a higher detection rate when compared to WBXR, with up to 80% more lesions detected by the newer imaging techniques; MRI (1·12–1·82) CT (1·04–1·33), PET (1·00–1·58) and PET‐CT (1·27–1·45). However, the modern imaging techniques detected fewer lesions in the skull and ribs. In a direct comparison CT and MRI performed equally with respect to detection rate and sensitivity. This systematic review supports the International Myeloma Working Group guidelines, which recommend that WBCT can replace WBXR. In our opinion, the equal performance of MRI also indicates that it is a valuable alternative. As lesions of the skull and ribs are underdiagnosed by modern imaging techniques we advise additional X‐rays of these regions. The consequences of this approach are discussed.
Long‐term safety and efficacy of sustained eculizumab treatment in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria
Authors: Hillmen Peter , Muus Petra , Röth Alexander , Elebute Modupe O. , Risitano Antonio M. , Schrezenmeier Hubert , Szer Jeffrey , Browne Paul , Maciejewski Jaroslaw P. , Schubert Jörg , Urbano‐Ispizua Alvaro , de Castro Carlos , Socié Gérard , Brodsky Robert A. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryParoxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) is characterized by chronic, uncontrolled complement activation resulting in elevated intravascular haemolysis and morbidities, including fatigue, dyspnoea, abdominal pain, pulmonary hypertension, thrombotic events (TEs) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). The long‐term safety and efficacy of eculizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody that inhibits terminal complement activation, was investigated in 195 patients over 66 months. Four patient deaths were reported, all unrelated to treatment, resulting in a 3‐year survival estimate of 97·6%. All patients showed a reduction in lactate dehydrogenase levels, which was sustained over the course of treatment (median reduction of 86·9% at 36 months), reflecting inhibition of chronic haemolysis. TEs decreased by 81·8%, with 96·4% of patients remaining free of TEs. Patients also showed a time‐dependent improvement in renal function: 93·1% of patients exhibited improvement or stabilization in CKD score at 36 months. Transfusion independence increased by 90·0% from baseline, with the number of red blood cell units transfused decreasing by 54·7%. Eculizumab was well tolerated, with no evidence of cumulative toxicity and a decreasing occurrence of adverse events over time. Eculizumab has a substantial impact on the symptoms and complications of PNH and results a significant improvement in patient survival.
Platelet size for distinguishing between inherited thrombocytopenias and immune thrombocytopenia: a multicentric, real life study
Authors: Noris Patrizia , Klersy Catherine , Gresele Paolo , Giona Fiorina , Giordano Paola , Minuz Pietro , Loffredo Giuseppe , Pecci Alessandro , Melazzini Federica , Civaschi Elisa , Mezzasoma Annamaria , Piedimonte Monica , Semeraro Fabrizio , Veneri Dino , Menna Francesco , Ciardelli Laura , Balduini Carlo L. ,   the Italian ‘Gruppo di Studio delle Piastrine’
Published: April 2013

SummaryThe most frequent forms of inherited thrombocytopenia (IT) are characterized by platelet size abnormalities and it has been suggested that this parameter is useful for their differentiation from immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Recently, a monocentric study identified cut‐off values for mean platelet volume (MPV) and mean platelet diameter (MPD) with good diagnostic accuracy in this respect. To validate these cut‐off values in a different and larger case series of patients, we enrolled 130 subjects with ITP and 113 with IT in six different centres. The platelet count and MPV was each measured by the instrument routinely used in each institution. In some centres, platelet count was also measured by optical microscopy. MPD was evaluated centrally by image analysis of peripheral blood films. The previously identified cut‐off value for MPV had 91% specificity in distinguishing ITP from inherited macrothrombocytopenias (mono and biallelic Bernard‐Soulier, MYH9‐related disease), while its sensitivity was greatly variable depending on the instrument used. With an appropriate instrument, specificity was 83%. The diagnostic accuracy of MPD was lower than that obtained with MPV. We concluded that MPV is a useful parameter for differentiating ITP from IT provided that it is measured by appropriate cell counters.
Acute effects of short‐chain alkylglycerols on blood‐brain barrier properties of cultured brain endothelial cells
Authors: Hülper P , Veszelka S , Walter F R , Wolburg H , Fallier‐Becker P , Piontek J , Blasig I E , Lakomek M , Kugler W , Deli M A 
Published: April 2013

Background and PurposeThe blood‐brain barrier (BBB) restricts drug penetration to the brain preventing effective treatment of patients suffering from brain tumours. Intra‐arterial injection of short‐chain alkylglycerols (AGs) opens the BBB and increases delivery of molecules to rodent brain parenchyma in vivo. The mechanism underlying AG‐mediated modification of BBB permeability is still unknown. Here, we have tested the effects of AGs on barrier properties of cultured brain microvascular endothelial cells.Experimental ApproachThe effects of two AGs, 1‐O‐pentylglycerol and 2‐O‐hexyldiglycerol were examined using an in vitro BBB model consisting of primary cultures of rat brain endothelial cells, co‐cultured with rat cerebral glial cells. Integrity of the paracellular, tight junction‐based, permeation route was analysed by functional assays, immunostaining for junctional proteins, freeze‐fracture electron microscopy, and analysis of claudin‐claudin trans‐interactions.Key ResultsAG treatment (5 min) reversibly reduced transendothelial electrical resistance and increased BBB permeability for fluorescein accompanied by changes in cell morphology and immunostaining for claudin‐5 and β‐catenin. These short‐term changes were not accompanied by alterations of inter‐endothelial tight junction strand complexity or the trans‐interaction of claudin‐5.Conclusion and ImplicationsAG‐mediated increase in brain endothelial paracellular permeability was short, reversible and did not affect tight junction strand complexity. Redistribution of junctional proteins and alterations in the cell shape indicate the involvement of the cytoskeleton in the action of AGs. These data confirm the results from in vivo studies in rodents characterizing AGs as adjuvants that transiently open the BBB.
Quality of life and its socio‐demographic and psychological determinants after bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Janicsák Henriett , Masszi Tamás , Reményi Péter , Ungvari Gabor S. , Gazdag Gábor 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectivesA host of medical, socio‐demographic, and psychological factors that affect bone marrow transplantation (BMT) patients' quality of life (QOL) have been identified, but due to the methodological diversity of the studies, the findings have been contradictory. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of somatic status, social characteristics, and psychological symptoms on QOL in BMT patients.MethodsThe study had a cross‐sectional design. QOL was evaluated using the Hungarian version of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Bone Marrow Transplant (FACT‐BMT) scale. Anxiety and depression were assessed using Spielberger's State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (SSTAI) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). A questionnaire designed for the study was used to record socio‐demographic variables.ResultsOne hundred and twenty‐one patients formed the study sample. Patients' QOL was better in our sample than in another study with similar mean time after BMT. BDI scores indicated mild depression; SSTAI scores corresponded with healthy population levels. QOL was strongly influenced by psychological symptoms (depression P < 0.001; anxiety P = 0.001; psychiatric comorbidity P = 0.001), employment status (P = 0.042), and gender (P = 0.05). The somatic factors influenced only separate aspects of QOL; somatic comorbidity only affected cancer‐associated QOL (P = 0.004).ConclusionThis is the first study on a Hungarian BMT sample that included economic factors in the assessment of QOL. Psychological variables were the strongest determinants of QOL in this study.