bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wound dehiscence in a sample of 1 776 cystectomies: identification of predictors and implications for outcomes
Authors: Meyer Christian P. , Rios Diaz Arturo J. , Dalela Deepansh , Hanske Julian , Pucheril Daniel , Schmid Marianne , Trinh Vincent Q. , Sammon Jesse D. , Menon Mani , Chun Felix K.H. , Noldus Joachim , Fisch Margit , Trinh Quoc‐Dien 
Published: June 2015

ObjectiveTo investigate the incidence and predictors of wound dehiscence in patients undergoing radical cystectomy (RC).Patients and MethodsIn all, 1 776 patient records with Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes for radical cystectomy (RC) were extracted from the American College of Surgeons National Quality Improvement Program (ACS‐NSQIP) between 2005 and 2012. Stratification was made based on the occurrence of postoperative wound dehiscence, defined as loss of integrity of fascial closure. Descriptive and logistic regression models were used to identify predictors of postoperative wound dehiscence. The implications of wound dehiscence on peri‐ and postoperative outcomes such as complications, mortality, prolonged length of stay (>11 days), and prolonged operative time (>411 min), were assessed.ResultsOf 1 776 patients analysed, 57 (3.2%) had a documented wound dehiscence. In multivariable analyses, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (odds ratio [OR] 2.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0–4.0; P = 0.03) and high body mass index (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.3–4.4; P = 0.008) were significant predictors of wound dehiscence. While female gender had significantly lower proportions of wound dehiscence, multivariable analyses did not confirm this (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.4–1.4; P = 0.75).ConclusionsOur study is the first to identify predictors of wound dehiscence after RC in a large, contemporary multi‐institutional cohort. Identifying patients at risk of postoperative wound complications may guide the use of preventative measures at the time of surgery.
The Temporal Dynamics of Childhood Economic Deprivation and Children's Achievement
Authors: Wagmiller Robert L. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractEconomic deprivation during childhood adversely affects achievement in adolescence and early adulthood. Economically disadvantaged children tend to achieve less than their more advantaged peers on a variety of measures of educational and socioeconomic achievement. Researchers recognize that what matters for achievement is not merely exposure to economic deprivation during childhood but also the temporal dynamics of deprivation. Recent studies have found that the effects of childhood economic disadvantage on achievement depend on the timing of deprivation (early childhood vs. middle or late childhood), the sequencing of deprivation (whether family income is rising or falling), and the overall duration of exposure to deprivation. In this article, I describe conceptual and methodological advances in understanding the temporal dynamics of childhood economic disadvantage, and address the implications of these improvements for our knowledge of how deprivation affects children's achievement.
Molecular‐based allergy diagnosis of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in Aspergillus fumigatus‐sensitized Japanese patients
Authors: Tanimoto H. , Fukutomi Y. , Yasueda H. , Takeuchi Y. , Saito A. , Watai K. , Sekiya K. , Tsuburai T. , Asano K. , Taniguchi M. , Akiyama K. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryBackgroundDistinguishing between patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) and Aspergillus fumigatus (Af)‐sensitized asthmatic patients without ABPA is sometimes difficult owing to the IgE‐cross‐reactivity between Af and other fungal allergens.ObjectiveTo establish the usefulness of molecular‐based allergy diagnostics using allergen components from Af in distinguishing ABPA from Af‐sensitized asthma without ABPA.MethodsSera from Japanese patients with ABPA (n = 53) and Af‐sensitized asthma without ABPA (n = 253) were studied. The levels of IgE and IgG antibodies to allergen components from Af and IgE antibodies to different fugal allergen extracts were measured by ImmunoCAP. Comorbid atopic dermatitis (AD) was taken into consideration in the sensitization profile analysis.ResultsPatients with ABPA possessed significantly higher levels of IgE antibodies to Asp f 1, and Asp f 2 than asthmatic patients without ABPA. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for the levels of IgE to Asp f 1 and Asp f 2 as diagnostic markers of ABPA were 0.75 and 0.78, respectively. The presence of IgE positivity to Asp f 1 and/or Asp f 2 resulted in increased sensitivity while losing little specificity. Comorbid AD was associated with higher levels of IgE to Asp f 6 (manganese superoxide dismutase from Af, a ubiquitous pan‐allergen in fungi) and low but positive levels of IgE to other Af‐components, which hampered the serological discrimination of ABPA.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceThe levels of IgE to Asp f 1 and/or Asp f 2 can effectively differentiate ABPA from Af‐sensitized asthma, suggesting that the amounts of IgE specific for these molecules are markers for genuine Af‐sensitization in ABPA. However, comorbid AD must be taken into consideration in the interpretation of high IgE to Asp f 6. Establishing of IgE‐sensitization profiles using panel of Af‐allergen components provides valuable information for distinguishing genuine vs. cross‐reactive sensitization in Af‐sensitized patients.
Evaluating cytology for the detection of invasive cervical cancer
Authors: Landy R. , Castanon A. , Hamilton W. , Lim A. W. W. , Dudding N. , Hollingworth A. , Sasieni P. D. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the sensitivity, the number needed to screen (NNS) and the positive predictive value (PPV) of cervical cytology for the diagnosis of cancer by age in a screening population.MethodsA retrospective cohort of women with invasive cervical cancer nested within a census of cervical cytology. All (c. 8 million) women aged 20–64 years with cervical cytology (excluding tests after an earlier abnormality). From April 2007 to March 2010, 3372 women had cervical cancer diagnosed within 12 months of such cytology in England. The sensitivity of cervical cytology to cancer, NNS to detect one cancer and predictive values of cytology were calculated for various ’referral‘ thresholds. These were calculated for ages 20–24, 25–34, 35–49 and 50–64 years.ResultsThe sensitivity of at least moderate dyskaryosis [equivalent to a high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) or worse] for cancer of 89.4% [95% confidence interval (CI) 88.3–90.4%] in women offered screening was independent of age. At all ages, women with borderline‐early recall or mild dyskaryosis on cytology (equivalent to ASC‐US and LSIL, respectively, in the Bethesda system) had a similar risk of cervical cancer to the risk in all women tested. The PPV of severe dyskaryosis/?invasive and ?glandular neoplasia cytology (equivalent to squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma/adenocarcinoma in situ, respectively, in the Bethesda System) were 34% and 12%, respectively; the PPV of severe dyskaryosis (HSIL: severe dysplasia) was 4%. The NNS was lowest when the incidence of cervical cancer was highest, at ages 25–39 years, but the proportion of those with abnormal cytology who have cancer was also lowest in younger women.ConclusionsThe PPV of at least severe dyskaryosis (HSIL: severe dysplasia) for cancer was 4–10% of women aged 25–64 years, justifying a 2‐week referral to colposcopy and demonstrating the importance of failsafe monitoring for such patients. The sensitivity of cytology for cervical cancer was excellent across all age groups.
Reliability of the Dutch‐language version of the Communication Function Classification System and its association with language comprehension and method of communication
Authors: Vander Zwart Karlijn E , Geytenbeek Joke J , de Kleijn Maaike , Oostrom Kim J , Gorter Jan Willem , Hidecker Mary Jo Cooley , Vermeulen R Jeroen 
Published: July 2015

AimThe aims of this study were to determine the intra‐ and interrater reliability of the Dutch‐language version of the Communication Function Classification System (CFCS‐NL) and to investigate the association between the CFCS level and (1) spoken language comprehension and (2) preferred method of communication in children with cerebral palsy (CP).MethodParticipants were 93 children with CP (50 males, 43 females; mean age 7y, SD 2y 6mo, range 2y 9mo–12y 10mo; unilateral spastic [n=22], bilateral spastic [n=51], dyskinetic [n=15], ataxic [n=3], not specified [n=2]; Gross Motor Function Classification System level I [n=16], II [n=14], III, [n=7], IV [n=24], V [n=31], unknown [n=1]), recruited from rehabilitation centres throughout the Netherlands. Because some centres only contributed to part of the study, different numbers of participants are presented for different aspects of the study. Parents and speech and language therapists (SLTs) classified the communication level using the CFCS. Kappa was used to determine the intra‐ and interrater reliability. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to determine the association between CFCS level and spoken language comprehension, and Fisher's exact test was used to examine the association between the CFCS level and method of communication.ResultsInterrater reliability of the CFCS‐NL between parents and SLTs was fair (r=0.54), between SLTs good (r=0.78), and the intrarater (SLT) reliability very good (r=0.85). The association between the CFCS and spoken language comprehension was strong for SLTs (r=0.63) and moderate for parents (r=0.51). There was a statistically significant difference between the CFCS level and the preferred method of communication of the child (p<0.01). Also, CFCS level classification showed a statistically significant difference between parents and SLTs (p<0.01).InterpretationThese data suggest that the CFCS‐NL is a valid and reliable clinical tool to classify everyday communication in children with CP. Preferably, professionals should classify the child's CFCS level in collaboration with the parents to acquire the most comprehensive information about the everyday communication of the child in various situations both with familiar and with unfamiliar partners.
Clinical findings and treatment of shear mouth in two horses associated with ipsilateral painful dental disease
Authors: Moore N. T. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryShear mouth is a rare and poorly described dental condition observed in horses. This report outlines 2 cases of unilateral shear mouth with ipsilateral painful dental disease. Both cases are young horses diagnosed with idiopathic 409 cheek tooth fractures associated with shear angles on the 100 and 400 cheek teeth rows. Corrective odontoplasty was performed in both cases to correct the cheek tooth occlusal surface angle following exodontia of the diseased molars.
Cretaceous granitoids and their zircon U–Pb ages across the south‐central part of the Abukuma Highland, Japan
Authors: Ishihara Shunso , Orihashi Yuji 
Published: July 2015

AbstractZircons separated from Cretaceous granitoids are dated from a south‐central transect of the Abukuma metamorphic and granitic terrane. The zircon ages do not follow ‘older’ and ‘younger’ granitoid ages that are used conventionally. In the western part of the study area (Zones I, II and III) where the Takanuki and Gosaisho metamorphic rocks are exposed, the Iritono quartz dioritic stock intruding the greenschist facies rocks in Zone III exhibits the oldest age of 121 Ma in the studied region. Quartz diorite located northward shows 112 Ma, but the other four granitoids intruding into the Takanuki and Gosaisho metamorphic rocks are younger and 103–99 Ma. Two‐mica and biotite granites belong to the youngest age group of 99 Ma. The granitic activities of both the Abukuma and Ryoke belts were initiated by intrusion of quartz dioritic magmas and were ended by two‐mica granite activity. The ages of the eastern two batholiths vary from 110 to 106 Ma (four samples), and show no age common to the Kitakami granitoids farther to the north. Throughout the Japanese Islands arc, Cretaceous granitic activities became younger toward the marginal sea side from the Kitakami Mountains, to the Abukuma Highland, and the Ryoke Belt, then to the Sanin belt of the Inner Zone of Southwest Japan.
Towards allele‐level human leucocyte antigens genotyping – assessing two next‐generation sequencing platforms: Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine and Illumina MiSeq
Authors: Duke J. L. , Lind C. , Mackiewicz K. , Ferriola D. , Papazoglou A. , Derbeneva O. , Wallace D. , Monos D. S. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryHuman leucocyte antigens (HLA) typing has been a challenge due to extreme polymorphism of the HLA genes and limitations of the current technologies and protocols used for their characterization. Recently, next‐generation sequencing techniques have been shown to be a well‐suited technology for the complete characterization of the HLA genes. However, a comprehensive assessment of the different platforms for HLA typing, describing the limitations and advantages of each of them, has not been presented. We have compared the Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine (PGM) and Illumina MiSeq, currently the two most frequently used platforms for diagnostic applications, for a number of metrics including total output, quality score per position across the reads and error rates after alignment which can all affect the accuracy of HLA genotyping. For this purpose, we have used one homozygous and three heterozygous well‐characterized samples, at HLA‐A, HLA‐B, HLA‐C, HLA‐DRB1 and HLA‐DQB1. The total output of bases produced by the MiSeq was higher, and they have higher quality scores and a lower overall error rate than the PGM. The MiSeq also has a higher fidelity when sequencing through homopolymer regions up to 9 bp in length. The need to set phase between distant polymorphic sites was more readily achieved with MiSeq using paired‐end sequencing of fragments that are longer than those obtained with PGM. Additionally, we have assessed the workflows of the different platforms for complexity of sample preparation, sequencer operation and turnaround time. The effects of data quality and quantity can impact the genotyping results; having an adequate amount of good quality data to analyse will be imperative for confident HLA genotyping. The overall turnaround time can be very comparable between the two platforms; however, the complexity of sample preparation is higher with PGM, while the actual sequencing time is longer with MiSeq.
A randomized pilot study of dietary treatments for polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescents
Authors: Wong J. M. W. , Gallagher M. , Gooding H. , Feldman H. A. , Gordon C. M. , Ludwig D. S. , Ebbeling C. B. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryBackgroundEvidence is lacking to recommend one diet over another when treating polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).ObjectivesTo obtain preliminary data, comparing the impact of a low‐glycaemic load (LGL) vs. low‐fat (LF) diet on biochemical hyperandrogenism in overweight and obese adolescents with PCOS. To ascertain feasibility of recruiting study participants, in partnership with an adolescent clinic, and implementing dietary interventions.MethodsRandomized controlled trial of 19 overweight and obese adolescents with PCOS and not using hormonal contraceptives (HCs). Interventions comprised nutrition education, dietary counselling and cooking workshops to foster adherence to a LGL (45% carbohydrate, 35% fat, 20% protein) or LF (55% carbohydrate, 25% fat, 20% protein) diet over 6 months. Serum bioavailable testosterone was the primary outcome.ResultsSixteen (LGL, n = 7; LF, n = 9) participants completed the study. Body fat percentage decreased (P < 0.05) in response to the interventions, with no difference between the LGL and LF groups (−1.2% vs. −2.2%; P = 0.16). Bioavailable testosterone did not change for either group (−0.4 vs. −1.8 ng dL−1; P = 0.35). Regarding feasibility, recruiting adolescents posed a challenge, and use of HCs was a main reason for ineligibility. Participants attended 5.9 of 6 in‐person visits and 2.6 of 3 cooking workshops, completed 4.9 of 6 telephone counselling calls, and reported high satisfaction with the diets and cooking workshops (≥8 on a 10‐cm scale).ConclusionsDietary interventions were beneficial for weight control but did not attenuate biochemical hyperandrogenism. Innovative strategies are needed to recruit adolescents for studies aimed at assessing independent effects of diet on features of PCOS.
The sequence of prenatal growth restraint and post‐natal catch‐up growth leads to a thicker intima‐media and more pre‐peritoneal and hepatic fat by age 3–6 years
Authors: Sebastiani G. , Díaz M. , Bassols J. , Aragonés G. , López‐Bermejo A. , de Zegher F. , Ibáñez L. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryBackgroundInfants born small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) who develop post‐natal weight catch‐up are at risk for insulin resistance, central adiposity and cardiovascular disease in later life, even in the absence of overweight.ObjectiveIn young (age 3–6 years) non‐obese SGA children, we assessed arterial health (as judged by intima‐media thickness [IMT]) and abdominal fat distribution (subcutaneous, visceral, preperitoneal and hepatic components by magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] and/or ultrasound [US]) besides a selection of endocrine markers.MethodsComparisons of measures in SGA (n = 27) vs. appropriate‐for‐GA (AGA) children (n = 19) of similar height, weight and body mass index. Longitudinal outcomes (age 3–6 years) were carotid IMT (cIMT); fasting glucose, circulating insulin, IGF‐I and high‐molecular‐weight (HMW) adiponectin; abdominal fat partitioning by US. Cross‐sectional outcomes (age 6 years) were aortic IMT (aIMT) and abdominal fat partitioning by MRI.ResultsAt 3 and 6 years, cIMT and IGF‐I results were higher and HMW adiponectin lower in SGA than AGA children; at 6 years, SGA subjects had also a thicker aIMT and more pre‐peritoneal and hepatic fat, and were less insulin sensitive (all P values between <0.05 and <0.0001). cIMT correlated positively with pre‐peritoneal fat, particularly at 6 years. Post‐SGA status and weight gain in early childhood (between 3 and 6 years) were independent predictors of cIMT at 6 years, explaining 48 % of its variance.ConclusionSGA children aged 3–6 years were found to have a thicker intima‐ media and more pre‐peritoneal and hepatic fat than AGA children of comparable size.
Thematic orientation of the ISJ within a semantic space of IS research
Authors: Evangelopoulos Nicholas 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis study examines research published in the first 24 years of Information Systems Journal's (ISJ) publication history using a thematic space of all information systems (IS) research as the backdrop. To that end, abstracts from all contributing articles published in eight prominent IS journals in the period 1991–2014 were analysed to extract a latent semantic space of five broad research areas. A two‐dimensional projection of the results was used to create a two‐by‐two map, where one dimension represents the European vs. North American style of IS research and another dimension represents a micro vs. macro level of IS research. The ISJ is positioned in the ‘micro and European school’ quadrant. Over the course of the journal's first 24 years, research in the ISJ started with a relative focus on the IT artefact and IS development and gradually moved towards a more balanced position that includes a considerable amount of research on IT for teamwork and collaboration, as well as on IT and individuals.
Island biogeography: patterns of marine shallow‐water organisms in the Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Hachich Nayara F. , Bonsall Michael B. , Arraut Eduardo M. , Barneche Diego R. , Lewinsohn Thomas M. , Floeter Sergio R. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to understand whether the large‐scale biogeographical patterns of the species–area, species–island age and species–isolation relationships associated with marine shallow‐water groups in the Atlantic Ocean vary among marine taxa and differ from the biogeographical patterns observed in terrestrial habitats.LocationAtlantic Ocean.MethodsReef fish, gastropod and seaweed species richness as well as reef fish endemic species data were obtained for 11 Atlantic oceanic islands. Using a multimodel inference approach based on linear and nonlinear regressions, we tested hypotheses regarding the variation in species richness and endemism as a function of island area, age and isolation. Best models were selected using ratios between Akaike weights corrected for small sample size (AICc). Results were compared between the three shallow‐water species groups and contrasted against previous studies of marine and terrestrial systems.ResultsIsland area was the best single predictor of gastropod and seaweed richness, although it was not an improvement compared to the null model for reef fish. Island age explained richness in all taxa and was the best single predictor of reef fish richness. Isolation was a good predictor of seaweed richness but not of fish and gastropod richness, possibly because of their overall higher dispersal capacity. Reef fish endemism was influenced solely by island isolation.Main conclusionsThis work reveals large‐scale island biogeographical patterns for marine shallow‐water organisms in the Atlantic Ocean. Our results suggest that reduced gene flow is a potentially important mechanism for the maintenance of reef fish endemism in oceanic islands. The role of island age regarding the species richness of all taxa emphasizes the importance of habitat history for the geographical distribution of marine shallow‐water biodiversity. Finally, we show that some island biogeographical patterns differ not only between marine and terrestrial ecosystems but also, importantly, within marine shallow‐water environments, where the biogeographical patterns are highly taxon‐dependent.
Translational aspects of cardiac cell therapy
Authors: Chen Cheng‐Han , Sereti Konstantina‐Ioanna , Wu Benjamin M. , Ardehali Reza 
Published: June 2015

AbstractCell therapy has been intensely studied for over a decade as a potential treatment for ischaemic heart disease. While initial trials using skeletal myoblasts, bone marrow cells and peripheral blood stem cells showed promise in improving cardiac function, benefits were found to be short‐lived likely related to limited survival and engraftment of the delivered cells. The discovery of putative cardiac ‘progenitor’ cells as well as the creation of induced pluripotent stem cells has led to the delivery of cells potentially capable of electromechanical integration into existing tissue. An alternative strategy involving either direct reprogramming of endogenous cardiac fibroblasts or stimulation of resident cardiomyocytes to regenerate new myocytes can potentially overcome the limitations of exogenous cell delivery. Complimentary approaches utilizing combination cell therapy and bioengineering techniques may be necessary to provide the proper milieu for clinically significant regeneration. Clinical trials employing bone marrow cells, mesenchymal stem cells and cardiac progenitor cells have demonstrated safety of catheter based cell delivery, with suggestion of limited improvement in ventricular function and reduction in infarct size. Ongoing trials are investigating potential benefits to outcome such as morbidity and mortality. These and future trials will clarify the optimal cell types and delivery conditions for therapeutic effect.