bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation and identification of the rare actinomycete, Amycolatopsis roodepoortensis strain EA7 from the agricultural soils of northern Iran and identification of their biological products
Authors: Amiri Elham , Mirpour Mirsasan , Issazadeh Khosro , Rasti Behnam 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

This paper delves into the antimicrobial activity and identification of bioactive compounds of Amycolatopsis roodepoortensis strain EA7. Biochemical and molecular methods were utilized for the identification of actinomycetes. One strain displaying superior antimicrobial activity was chosen for the identification of bioactive compounds. The antimicrobial activity was thoroughly investigated. The analysis of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that strain EA7 belonged to the Amycolatopsis roodepoortensis specie with 99.63% confidence. The ethyl acetate extract exhibited the largest zone of inhibition against gram-positive pathogenic bacteria (25mm) using the disc diffusion method. In the MIC method, the ethyl acetate extract displayed the lowest MIC values ranging from 312.5 µg/mL (S. aureus PTCC 1112) to 1250 µg/mL (P. aeruginosa clinical and standard strain). However, the methanolic extract showed lower antimicrobial activity. In the GC-MS analysis, compounds were identified based on their percentage of area, retention time, molecular formula, molecular weight, and quality in the strain EA7 extract, with acetic acid, 2-methylpropyl ester (15.8%) being the major compound. In the LC-MS analysis, nine major compounds with anticancer and antimicrobial activity were identified. Among these, tetrangomycin, amycolactam, dihydroxybenzamide, and dipyrimycin A are compounds with potential anticancer activity, while tetracycline exhibits potential antimicrobial activity.
Atezolizumab- and bevacizumab -induced encephalitis in a patient with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a case report and literature review
Authors: Sagong Min , Kim Keun Tae , Jang Byoung Kuk 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Treatment with atezolizumab and bevacizumab is the first-line therapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors are novel and effective treatments, they can induce immune-related adverse events. However, neurological immune-related adverse events have rarely been reported. We report the case of a man in his 40s with hepatocellular carcinoma who developed life-threatening encephalitis after atezolizumab plus bevacizumab was administered. The patient presented with fever, headache, altered mentality, and general epileptic seizures, ten days after administration. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed elevated white blood cells and elevated protein levels, but revealed no infection or malignancy. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed diffuse leptomeningeal enhancement in both the cerebrum and cerebellum. As immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced encephalitis was strongly suspected, steroid pulse therapy was initiated and neurological symptoms quickly improved. The patient was discharged after 66 days of hospitalization, and administration of sorafenib and radiotherapy was started for the hepatocellular carcinoma on an outpatient basis. This case demonstrates the importance of recognizing neurological immune-related adverse events following atezolizumab and bevacizumab treatment for early intervention. We discuss this case in comparison to available literature and previous two cases of Atezolizumab- and bevacizumab- induced encephalitis in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Adaptive significance of age- and light-related variation in needle structure, photochemistry, and pigments in evergreen coniferous trees
Authors: Oluborode James , Chadzinikolau Tamara , Formela-Luboińska Magda , Ye Zi-Piao , Robakowski Piotr 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Evergreen conifers thrive in challenging environments by maintaining multiple sets of needles, optimizing photosynthesis even under harsh conditions. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between needle structure, photosynthetic parameters, and age along the light gradient in the crowns of Abies alba, Taxus baccata, and Picea abies. We hypothesized that: (1) Needle structure, photochemical parameters, and photosynthetic pigment content would correlate with needle age and light levels in tree crowns. (2) The photosynthetic capacity of ageing needles would decline and adjust to the increasing self-shading of branches. Our results revealed a non-linear increase in the leaf mass-to-area ratio. The maximum quantum yield of photosystem II photochemistry decreased linearly with needle age without reaching levels indicative of photoinhibition. Decreased maximum electron transport rates (ETRmax) were linked to declining values of saturation photosynthetic photon flux and increasing non-photochemical quenching of fluorescence (NPQ), indicating energy losses as heat. The chlorophyll a to chlorophyll b ratio linearly decreased, suggesting older needles sustain high light capture efficiency. These findings offer new insights into the combined effects of needle ageing and self-shading on photochemistry and pigment content. This functional needle balance highlights the trade-off between the costs of long-term needle retention and the benefits of efficient resource utilization. In environments where air temperature is less of a constraint on photosynthesis due to climate warming, evergreen coniferous trees could sustain or enhance their photosynthetic capacity. They can achieve this by shortening needle lifespan and retaining fewer cohorts of needles with higher ETRmax and lower NPQ compared to older needles.
Iron-Dependent KDM4D Activity Controls the Quiescence-Activity Balance of MSCs via the PI3K-Akt-Foxo1 Pathway
Authors: Xie Zhongyu , Che Yunshu , Huang Guo , Su Zepeng , Lin Jiajie , Zheng Guan , Ye Guiwen , Yu Wenhui , Li Jinteng , Wu Yanfeng , Shen Huiyong 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Iron deficiency is a prevalent nutritional deficit associated with organ damage and dysfunction. Recent research increasingly associates iron deficiency with bone metabolism dysfunction, although the precise underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Some studies have proposed that iron-dependent methylation-erasing enzyme activity regulates cell proliferation and differentiation under physiological or pathological conditions. However, it remains uncertain whether iron deficiency inhibits the activation of quiescent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) by affecting histone demethylase activity. In our study, we identified KDM4D as a key player in the activation of quiescent MSCs. Under conditions of iron deficiency, the H3K9me3 demethylase activity of KDM4D significantly decreased. This alteration resulted in increased heterochromatin with H3K9me3 near the PIK3R3 promoter, suppressing PIK3R3 expression and subsequently inhibiting the activation of quiescent MSCs via the PI3K-Akt-Foxo1 pathway. Iron-deficient mice displayed significantly impaired bone marrow MSCs activation and decreased bone mass compared to normal mice. Modulating the PI3K-Akt-Foxo1 pathway could reverse iron deficiency-induced bone loss.
Mechanistic insights from the atomic-level quaternary structure of short-lived GPCR oligomers in live cells
Authors: Raicu Valerica , Stoneman Michael , Yokoi Koki , Biener Gabriel , Killeen Thomas , Adhikari Dhruba , Rahman Sadia , Harikumar Kaleeckal , Miller Laurence 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The functional significance of the interactions between proteins in living cells to form short-lived quaternary structures cannot be overemphasized. Yet, quaternary structure information is not captured by current methods, neither can those methods determine structure within living cells. The dynamic versatility, abundance, and functional diversity of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) pose myriad challenges to existing technologies but also present these proteins as the ideal testbed for new technologies to investigate the complex inter-regulation of receptor-ligand, receptor-receptor, and receptor-downstream effector interfaces in living cells. Here, we present development and use of a novel method capable of overcoming existing challenges by combining distributions (or spectrograms) of FRET efficiencies from populations of fluorescently tagged proteins associating into oligomeric complexes in live cells with diffusion-like trajectories of FRET donors and acceptors obtained from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Our approach provides an atom-level picture of the binding interfaces within oligomers of the human secretin receptor (hSecR) in live cells and allows for extraction of mechanistic insights into the function of GPCRs oligomerization. This FRET-MD spectrometry approach is a robust platform for investigating protein-protein binding mechanisms and opens a new avenue for investigating stable as well as fleeting quaternary structures of any membrane proteins in living cells.
Continuous multivariate conversion processes for stabilized anode in aqueous zinc-ion battery
Authors: Ma Tianyi , Zhuang Changlei , Yang Jinzhang , Yin Bosi , Zhu Lingfeng , Sun Ying , Li Hui , Zhang Siwen , Li Jiazhuo , Feng Xinyu , Zhang Lei , Meng Fanbo , Duan Xiaoguang , Su Dawei 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The performance of aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) is often hindered by issues at the electrode/electrolyte interface, such as dendrite growth and unwanted byproducts. In this study, we applied pyridoxine (PN) electrolyte and used in situ UV‒vis spectroscopy to observe its multistep transformation. The pristine protonated pyridoxine (PN+) gradually lost a proton connecting to the N atom and became PN due to the applying voltage bias. Then PN kept lost a proton that connected to the O atom, changing to a higher electronegativity variant named PN-. The final variant maintained its state and possibly coordinated with zinc ion, and bonded to H+. Relying on the continuous multivariate conversion processes, these transformed PN variants can release H+ ions to maintain pH balance at the interface and interact strongly with zinc ions, improving the zinc ion solvation structure and reducing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Additionally, as-generated higher electronegativity variants formed an electrostatic shielding layer on the Zn electrode, promoting uniform zinc deposition and enhancing the plating/stripping process. As proof of continuous multivariate conversion processes, Zn||Zn symmetric batteries operated stably for 7000 hours at 1 mA cm–2 and 1 mAh cm–2, and Zn||NH4V4O10 (NVO) full batteries showed excellent stability over 1500 cycles. These results significantly outperformed those using the standard ZnSO4 (ZS) electrolyte and previously reported systems. This work suggests a promising approach for advancing various metal batteries towards commercialization, not limited to AZIBs.
Reducing Aluminum Toxicity in Food Packaging Using Bio- Polymer
Authors: Kumar Neeta Shiva , Dhivyapriya R , Spoorthi B R , Soratur Spoorti 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

In the era of modern food industry, food packaging has gained a lot of interest that helps in protecting food from environmental factors and in maintaining the integrity of food. Aluminum, being widely used material in food packaging has been used as containers, foils and pouches in packaging of hot foods, snacks and beverages. Many studies have been conducted which show that there is an increase in Aluminum content in brains of patients with Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases. It has been suspected that leaching of Aluminum content from the food packaging is one of the main reasons. Hence in this work, a biopolymer barrier has been used in reduction of Aluminum leaching into food. Chitosan, being a biopolymer, is non-toxic and biodegradable which has film forming and antimicrobial properties can be used as a barrier in order to prevent the leaching of Aluminum into the food. Hot rice (approx. 60°C) was used as sample for the experiment. Hot rice was wrapped in Aluminum foil and chitosan coated Aluminum foil for 90 minutes. Aluminum content was detected using inductively coupled plasma- optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) for only rice; rice in Aluminum foil and rice in chitosan coated Aluminum foil and found to be 2.81ppm, 3.29ppm and 2.87ppm respectively. The result obtained implied that chitosan acts as a barrier thereby inferring that chitosan coated Aluminum foil can be used to reduce leaching of Aluminum to the food and hence minimise the ill effects of Aluminum intake to the body.
Investigating the Persistence of Touch DNA on Human Skin in Violent Crime Investigations
Authors: Alketbi Salem K 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

This study investigates the persistence of touch DNA on human skin to enhance forensic methodologies in violent crime investigations. Touch DNA, a crucial piece of forensic evidence, can link suspects to crimes through genetic material recovered from skin surfaces. However, the recovery of touch DNA presents unique challenges, particularly concerning the temporal window for effective collection and the influence of environmental factors on DNA preservation. Through a controlled experimental setup, this research explored how the quantity and detectability of touch DNA change over time, with particular attention to the effects of post-deposition activities such as washing. The findings indicate that while the quantity of DNA increases over time, the recovery of alleles from mixed DNA profiles, comprising both victim and perpetrator DNA, faces significant challenges. Notably, alleles from the perpetrator become undetectable after 72 hours (p < 0.05), and environmental interactions further complicate DNA recovery. This study underscores the critical importance of timely evidence collection and introduces considerations for forensic protocols to optimize the recovery and analysis of touch DNA. It also highlights the need for further investigation into how different skin types and individual shedding rates affect touch DNA persistence. Ultimately, this research contributes to the forensic science field by providing insights that can improve the resolution of violent crime investigations through more effective touch DNA recovery strategies.
Alterations of upper-extremity functional muscle networks in chronic stroke survivors
Authors: Reilly David O' , Delis Ioannis 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Current clinical assessment tools don’t fully capture the genuine neural deficits experienced by chronic stroke survivors and, consequently, they don’t fully explain motor function throughout everyday life. Towards addressing this problem, here we aimed to characterise post-stroke alterations in upper-limb control from a novel perspective to the muscle synergy by applying, for the first time, a computational approach that quantifies diverse types of functional muscle interactions (i.e. functionally-similar (redundant), -complementary (synergistic) and -independent (unique)). From single-trials of a simple forward pointing movement, we extracted networks of functionally diverse muscle interactions from chronic stroke survivors and unimpaired controls, identifying shared and group-specific modules across each interaction type (i.e redundant, synergistic and unique). Reconciling previous studies, we found evidence for both the concurrent preservation of healthy functional modules post-stroke and muscle network structure alterations underpinned by systemic muscle interaction reweighting and functional reorganisation. Cluster analysis of stroke survivors revealed two distinct patient subgroups from each interaction type that all distinguished less impaired individuals who were able to adopt novel motor patterns different to unimpaired controls from more severely impaired individuals who did not. Our work here provides a nuanced account of post-stroke functional impairment and, in doing so, paves new avenues towards progressing the clinical use case of muscle synergy analysis.
Respiratory system pocket book with android-based augmented reality technology
Authors: Siburian Jodion , Dina Rini Rahma , Sanjaya M. Erick , Sembiring Dian Arisandy Eka Putra , Contreras Jehlie Alaisa Marasigan 
Published: July 2024

Biology is an abstract, elusive science, one of which is respiratory material. It requires a media that can visualize objects on a two-dimensional book of biology to a three-dimensional one with a learning video. Research aims to develop, describe kal, and describe the teacher's assessment and student response to the results of the product developed. This research and development using model 4D consists of define, design, foresight, and develop ate. The result of this realization is the production of a medium of pocket books and apps downloaded on android smartphone platforms, able to present in real, tangible, three-dimensional objects to respiratory matter. The media was declared worthy by the validator of materials and media experts with an average rating score on final validation at 84.68% and 93.17%. Trials in the field as practical tests were obtained an assessment result from teachers by 85.36%, student responses of small groups and large groups are 86% and 83.65%. Also, it is also noted that a media pocket book and applications using this augmented reality technology are worthy to be used by students in studying the human respiratory system for grade 11th MIPA SMAN 1 Kota Jambi.
1073-P: Trends in Guideline-Directed Medication Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes in a Statewide Quality Collaborative between 2018–2023
Authors: MIZOKAMI-STOUT KARA R. , OSHMAN LAUREN , DIEZ HEIDI L. , GRIAUZDE DINA H. , LEE JOYCE M. , KHOSROVANEH KATHERINE L. , BHOMIA NEHA , KIM NOA , RAU JACQUELINE , REISS JACOB , BUSUI RODICA 
Published: July 2024

Introduction and Objective: Since 2021, the Michigan Collaborative for Type 2 Diabetes (MCT2D) aims to improve guideline-directed medication therapies (GDMT) for type 2 diabetes (T2D). We examined trends in glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) and sodium-glucose transport protein 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) prescribing rates comparing primary care (PC) and endocrinology (Endo) practices enrolled in MCT2D.
Methods: We analyzed pharmacy claims data from adults with T2D insured by Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan Preferred Provider Organization and Medicare Advantage plans who received care in an MCT2D-participating practice (PC=300; Endo=19) between 2018-2023. Descriptive statistics were used to examine differences in pharmacy claims for anti-hyperglycemic medications.
Results: From June 2022-June 2023, among 38,437 persons with T2D (PC=37,361; Endo=1,076), 26% and 41% had claims for GLP-1RA and 19% and 37% for SGLT2i, respectively. Compared to 2018 prescription rates, GLP-1RA increased by 17% and 22%, while SGLT2i prescriptions increased by 15% and 28% in PC and Endo practices respectively (Figure 1).
Conclusion: Among practices participating in a statewide collaborative to improve treatment and outcomes for people with T2D, the use of GDMT has increased since 2018. SGLT2i use is similar and GLP-1RA use is 2-3-fold higher than rates reported in other studies.

Disclosure
K.R. Mizokami-Stout: None. L. Oshman: Stock/Shareholder; Procter & Gamble, Johnson & Johnson Medical Devices Companies, Merck & Co., Inc., AbbVie Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Abbott. H.L. Diez: None. D.H. Griauzde: None. J.M. Lee: Board Member; GoodRx. Advisory Panel; Sanofi. Consultant; Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. K.L. Khosrovaneh: None. N. Bhomia: None. N. Kim: None. J. Rau: None. J. Reiss: None. R. Busui: Board Member; American Diabetes Association. Consultant; Procter & Gamble, AstraZeneca, Averitas Pharma, Inc., Bayer Inc., Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Nevro Corp., Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Novo Nordisk, Roche Diagnostics. Advisory Panel; ADA/ACC Diabetes by Heart Program.
1135-P: Pigment Epithelium–Derived Factor, Diabetic Kidney Disease, and Hypertension—Deciphering the Proteomic Response to Metabolic Bariatric Surgery in Adolescents
Authors: NARONGKIATIKHUN PHOOM , JI CHOI YE , NGUYEN NHUNG , NASH KELLY , TOMMERDAHL KALIE L. , KRETZLER MATTHIAS , INGE THOMAS , RYDER JUSTIN R. , PYLE LAURA , BJORNSTAD PETTER 
Published: July 2024

Introduction & Objective: This study aims to explore the effects of metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS) on plasma proteins linked to diabetic kidney disease and hypertension in youth with type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Methods: We measured 7604 proteins in 326 plasma samples from severely obese youth, both with and without T2D, in the Teen-LABS study, examining pre- and post-MBS changes (6 month, 1, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-year follow-up). This analysis focused on proteins identified in the TODAY cohort as predictors of severe albuminuria (ACR ≥300 mg/g) and hypertension (SBP≥130/80 mm Hg), in youth with T2D (n=374), using Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for age, sex, HbA1c, log-transformed triglycerides and estimated insulin sensitivity. A mixed model evaluated proteomic changes post-MBS, maintaining a 5% false discovery rate with reported q-values.
Results: In Teen-LABS, several proteins associated with a higher risk of severe albuminuria and hypertension in TODAY showed notable post-surgical downregulation. Higher pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) at baseline predicted onset to severe albuminuria (HR: 1.63, 95% CI 1.12, 2.37, per 1 SD increment) and hypertension (HR: 1.41, 95% CI 1.22, 1.63, per 1 SD increment) over 15 years in TODAY after multivariable adjustments. In Teen-LABS, PEDF decreased post-MBS compared to baseline at 6 months follow-up (logFC: -0.30, q-value=1.24x10-31), year 1 (logFC: -0.28, q-value=2.35x10-29), year 2 (logFC: -0.32, q-value=1.85x10-34), year 3 (logFC: -0.28, q-value=6.95x10-29), year 4 (logFC: -0.30, q-value=4.13x10-28) and year 5 (logFC: -0.30, q-value=2.78x10-26).
Conclusion: These analyses show durable attenuation of plasma PEDF after MBS, a protein strongly associated with risk of severe albuminuria and hypertension in youth with T2D. PEDF is implicated in endothelial dysfunction and vascular damage through impaired angiogenesis and endothelial repair mechanisms.

Disclosure
P. Narongkiatikhun: None. Y. Choi: None. N. Nguyen: None. K. Nash: None. K.L. Tommerdahl: None. M. Kretzler: Research Support; Boehringer-Ingelheim, Certa, Traveere Pharmaceuticals, Maze Therapeutics, Roche Pharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Novo Nordisk, Moderna, Inc., Chinook Therapeutics Inc., angion, Lilly Diabetes, Renalytix, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. T. Inge: Consultant; Medtronic, Eli Lilly and Company, Brainstorm Therapeutics. Stock/Shareholder; Standard Bariatrics. Consultant; Teleflex. J.R. Ryder: None. L. Pyle: None. P. Bjornstad: Consultant; AstraZeneca, Boehringer-Ingelheim. Advisory Panel; Lilly Diabetes, Novo Nordisk, Bayer Inc., Horizon Therapeutics plc.

Funding
National Institutes of Health