bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transition policy mixes and business model adaptation: Incumbent firms' response to zero‐carbon policy in the housing sector
Authors: Rezaeian Mina , Pinkse Jonatan , Rigby John 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper provides a firm‐level perspective on sustainability transitions by analysing how government can use transition policy mixes to entice industry incumbents to adapt their business model to integrate sustainable technologies. It examines firm‐level barriers to policy implementation, why these exist, and how government can use transition policy mixes to overcome them. The empirical analysis provides an in‐depth case study of the UK Zero Carbon Homes (ZCH) as a transition policy mix and considers the point of view of policymakers and incumbent housebuilders. The paper sheds light on the question of how transition policy mix designs can support incumbents' business model adaptation to bring about transformational change for sustainability. The results show that the interaction between various policy shortcomings and business model adaptation barriers led to a failure of government to move the housebuilding sector towards a stronger integration of sustainable technologies. The paper concludes by arguing that decarbonising housing in the UK was a system failure, rather than a market or policy failure, as the government failed to address the underlying reasons of incumbents' resistance to changing their business model. The findings suggest that taking incumbents' business models into consideration while designing policies for sustainability transitions is necessary to entice established firms to actively take part in the process of transitions and adapt to new sustainable norms.
An evaluation of patient and public involvement (PPI) experience in NHS Talking Therapies for anxiety and depression services: A framework analysis and practical recommendations
Authors: Verbist Irini L. , Fabian Hannah , Huey Dale , Brooks Helen , Blakemore Amy 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectivePatient and public involvement (PPI) refers to the active participation of people, patients, and carers in all stages of research and service delivery development. The aim of this study was to evaluate the PPI experiences in an NHS TTad (Talking Therapies for anxiety and depression) setting and to offer practical recommendations to support PPI activity in service development.MethodA semi‐structured focus group was conducted with five participants who had previously attended a series of PPI groups in TTad services in the Northwest of England. The qualitative data collected were analysed using the INVOLVE framework, incorporating both inductive and deductive coding.ResultsTwelve subthemes emerged, reflecting positive PPI experiences: appreciating PPI contribution, respect for mental health experiences, learning opportunity for PPI members, flexibility and guidance, reimbursement for PPI time, expectations of PPI role in TTad services, availability and commitment, inclusive participation in TTad development, responding to PPI input, diversity, peer support and continued involvement in TTad service development. An additional theme, safe space, emphasised the importance of a comfortable environment and discretion.ConclusionPractical recommendations are provided to enhance recruitment, engagement, empowerment and the impact of PPI in TTad services.
The Sources, Structures and Cytotoxicity of Animal‐Derived Bisindole Compounds
Authors: Zhang Zi‐Long , Xu Hao‐Nan , Gong Chuan‐Ming , Li Yu‐Ze , Li Yi‐Ming , Song Xiao‐Mei , Wang Rui , Zhang Dong‐Dong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBisindole compounds constitute a significant class of natural compounds distinguished by their characteristic bisindole structure and renowned for their anticancer properties. Over the past four decades, researchers have isolated 229 animal‐derived bisindole compounds (ADBCs) from various animals. These compounds demonstrate a wide range of pharmacological properties, including cytotoxicity, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and other activities. Notably, among these activities, cytotoxicity emerges as the most prominent characteristic of ADBCs. This review also summarizes the structureactivity relationship (SAR) studies associated with the cytotoxicity of these compounds and explores the druggability of these compounds. In summary, our objective is to provide an overview of the research progress concerning ADBCs, with the aim of fostering their continued development and utilization.
Widely targeted metabolomics analysis of nutrient changes in a new black rice variety ‘Huamoxiang No.3’ (Oryza sativa L. var. Glutinosa Matsum) under different cooking modes
Authors: Zhou Yi , Wu Xin , Shen Jinxin , Yang Daijun , Lu Qun , Long Changjiang , Liu Rui 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundBlack rice is rich in various nutrients, such as anthocyanins, which may undergo some changes during cooking. However, previous studies have been mainly focused on a single substance and paid less attention to the changes in overall nutrient components. Here, we performed widely targeted metabolomics analysis on the chemical compositional changes in a new black rice variety (‘Huamoxiang No.3’) under three cooking modes, including bottom heating (BH), induction heating (IH), and IH + pressure.ResultsAmong the detected 1458 metabolites, 276 and 108 metabolites were differential metabolites after cooking and in three cooking modes, respectively. Cooking increased the contents of most peptides, phenolic acids, and organic acid compounds but significantly decreased those of lipids and flavonoids, particularly anthocyanins. However, phenolic acids such as chlorogenic acid, erucic acid, and p‐coumaric acid increased significantly, possibly due to the release of bound phenols and degradation of flavonoids to phenolic acids, such as thermal degradation of C3G to protocatechuic acid and among the three heating modes, the IH + pressure mode resulted in the most significant changes.ConclusionAlthough cooking reduced the content of flavonoids and anthocyanins, the increase in phenolic acids and other substances contributed to the healthy effect of cooked black rice, and the content of these active substances increased more significantly in the IH + pressure mode.
Ballistic‐Aggregated Carbon Nanofoam in Target‐Side of Pulsed Laser Deposition for Energy Storage Applications
Authors: Ghosh Subrata , Righi Massimiliano , Macrelli Andrea , Divitini Giorgio , Orecchia Davide , Maffini Alessandro , Goto Francesco , Bussetti Gianlorenzo , Dellasega David , Russo Valeria , Li Bassi Andrea , Casari Carlo S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn pulsed laser deposition, along the traditionally exploited deposition on the front‐side of the plasma‐plume, a coating forms on the surface of the target as well. For reproducibility, this residue is usually cleaned and discarded. Here we instead investigate the target‐side coated materials and employ them as a binder‐free supercapacitor electrode. The ballistic‐aggregated, target‐side nanofoam is compact and features a larger fraction of sp2‐carbon, higher nitrogen content with higher graphitic‐N and lower oxygen content with fewer COOH groups than that of diffusive‐aggregated conventional nanofoams. They are highly hydrogenated graphite‐like amorphous carbon and superhydrophilic. The resulting symmetric micro‐supercapacitor delivers higher volumetric capacitance of 522 mF/cm3 at 100 mV/s and 104 % retention after 10000 charge‐discharge cycles over conventional nanofoam (215 mF/cm3 and 85 % retention) with an areal capacitance of 134 μF/cm2 at 120 Hz and ultrafast frequency response. Utilizing the normally discarded target‐side material can therefore enable high performing devices while reducing waste, cost and energy input per usable product, leading towards a greater sustainability of nanomaterials synthesis and deposition techniques.
Machine learning‐enabled two‐port wideband MIMO hybrid rectangular dielectric resonator antenna for n261 5G NR millimeter wave
Authors: Rai Jayant Kumar , Ranjan Pinku , Kumar Santosh , Chowdhury Rakesh , Kumar Somesh , Sharma Anand 
Published: July 2024

SummaryIn this article, a two‐port multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) hybrid rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) with machine learning (ML) approach for the n261 5G New Radio (NR) application is presented. The proposed antenna is designed on an RT/duroid 5880 (Ɛr = 2.2) substrate activated by 50 Ω, L‐shaped microstrip slot feeds beneath both DRAs. The isolation is more than 19 dB, and the gain is 10 dBi in the operating frequency range. The proposed antenna is optimized through knowledge‐based neural networks (KBNN), artificial neural networks (ANNs), and ML. The optimal design parameters of the proposed antenna are accomplished using the ML optimization approach, which includes ridge regression, ANNs, and KBNN. KBNN ML techniques provide 96.88% accuracy and correctly predict the S‐parameters of the proposed antenna. The MIMO diversity parameters like envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), diversity gain (DG), total active reflection coefficient (TARC), and channel capacity loss (CCL) are calculated and found within the limits. Hence, the proposed antenna is used for 5G NR mm‐wave application.
Fault‐tolerant independent gradient forwarding routing for wireless sensor network
Authors: Singh Saurabh , Singh Sarvpal , Prakash Jay 
Published: July 2024

SummaryFor the sensor network, greedy forwarding is thought to be the best energy‐efficient routing method. There are two restrictions on greedy forwarding: a minimum local scenario and an intersection problem in which it is unable to locate an existing route. The proposed independent gradient forward (IGF) proves that the Euclidean equation used by greedy forwarding is less capable of dealing with the problems mentioned above. IGF considers each dimension independently to enhance the efficiency of greedy forwarding, sustaining its simplicity. It contributes to strengthening the suggested IGF's ability to manage holes and get around obstructions in the wireless sensor network. We have demonstrated that it travels a shorter potential path and avoids stuck nodes well in advance. It is more energy‐efficient since it can predict the void node and never visits a stalled node. We evaluated the suggested IGF's performance against other traditional boundary traversal‐based methods on both rare and dense networks. In comparison with other boundary traversal‐based algorithms, the simulation results indicate that it generates a 10% smaller route to bypass. The IGF average energy consumption increases slowly, rising by just 7% and 12.5% for dense and rare networks, respectively, with a fivefold increase in void size (from 100 to 500 m).
Seed dispersal limitation causes negative legacy effect on restoration of grassland plant diversity on ski slopes
Authors: Yaida Yuki A. , Inoue Taiki , Kenta Tanaka , Ushimaru Atushi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPast forest use often has a long‐term negative impact on the recovery of the original plant composition of semi‐natural grasslands, which is known as a legacy effect. This study investigates the impact of seed dispersal limitations on the restoration of grassland plant diversity on ski slopes with past forest use, highlighting the negative legacy effect on biodiversity recovery. Focusing on ski areas, our research contrasts the vegetation on ski slopes originally created on semi‐natural grasslands such as pasture (pasture slopes) and constructed by clearing secondary forests or conifer plantations (forest slopes). We examined species richness and diversity, considering seed dispersal modes, grassland management history, and seed source proximity. We reveal that the proximity to species‐rich grassland sources is pivotal for the restoration of native grassland vegetation. Particularly, wind‐dispersed species show significant recovery on slopes with sustained management for more than 70 years and those with neighboring species‐rich grasslands, suggesting that both the duration of management and the proximity to seed sources are critical for overcoming the legacy effects of past forest use. Meanwhile, gravity‐dispersed species failed to recover their richness and diversity regardless of both the duration of management and the proximity to seed source grasslands, which their diversity recovered where seed sources neighbored. Our findings emphasize the importance of considering seed dispersal limitation and management history in the restoration and conservation of grasslands and their biodiversity, particularly in landscapes experiencing past human intervention.
Nonlinear responses of ericaceous and ectomycorrhizal Arctic shrubs across a long‐term experimental nutrient gradient
Authors: Dunleavy Haley R. , Mack Michelle C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn the Arctic tundra, warming is anticipated to stimulate nutrient release and potentially alleviate plant nutrient limitations. Typically simulated by fertilization experiments that saturate plant nutrient demand, future increases in soil fertility are thought to favor ectomycorrhizal (EcM) over ericaceous shrubs and have often been identified as a key driver of Arctic shrub expansion. However, the projected increases in fertility will likely vary in their alleviation of nutrient limitations. The resulting responses of shrubs and their mycorrhizae across the gradient of nutrient limitation may be nonlinear and could contradict the current predictions of tundra vegetation shifts. We compared the functional responses of two dominant shrubs, EcM dwarf birch (Betula nana) and ericaceous Labrador tea (Rhododendron tomentosum), across a long‐term nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization gradient experiment in Arctic Alaska. Using linear mixed‐effects modeling, we tested the responses of shrub cover, height, and root enzyme activities to soil fertility. We found that B. nana cover and height linearly increased with soil fertility. In contrast, R. tomentosum cover initially increased, but decreased after surpassing the intermediate levels of increased soil fertility. Its height did not change. Enzyme activity did not respond to soil fertility on EcM‐colonized B. nana roots, but sharply declined on R. tomentosum roots. Overall, the nonlinear responses of shrubs to our fertility gradient demonstrate the importance of experiments grounded in replicated regression design. Our results indicate that under moderate increases in soil fertility, Arctic shrub expansion may not only include deciduous EcM shrubs but also ericaceous shrubs. Regardless of shifts aboveground, changes in root enzyme activity belowground point to some EcM shrub species playing a more influential role in tundra soils; as EcM roots remained steady in their liberation of soil organic nutrients with heightened soil fertility, degradative root enzyme activity on the dominant ericaceous shrub dropped—in some instances with even the slightest increase in fertility.
The role of near‐surface vegetation in modulating overland flow resistance in grasslands of the Chinese Loess Plateau
Authors: Wang Jian Fang , Yang Yan Fen , Wang Bing , Liu Guo Bin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractVegetation restoration significantly increases overland flow resistance and decreases soil erosion. The cause of soil erosion is unknown, though grain resistance and form resistance are frequently confused with the overall overland flow resistance. The zonal specie of Bothriochloa ischcemum (Linn.). Keng (BI) and the dominant specie of Artemisia vestita Wall. ex Bess (AG) were selected to investigate the effect of vegetation near soil surface characteristics derived by vegetation restoration on overland flow resistance of grain resistance and form resistance. In total, 24 steel tanks were planted at six planting densities of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 plants m−2, and two tanks were used as bare soil controls. Their hydraulic characteristics were tested under a constant rainfall intensity (60 mm h−1) on a 26.2% slope. The results showed that the grain resistance (fg) and form resistance (ff) ranged from 0.06 to 0.35 and 18.01 to 95.77 under six planting densities. Vegetation increased overland flow resistance by more than 90%, which was mainly attributed to ff. Vegetation near soil surface factors of the aboveground part, biological soil crusts, and root collar increased ff by 18.71 to 82.13, 0.74 to 11.50, and 1.61 to 3.40, respectively. Compared with BI, the mean value of fg in AG was 48.87% lower, whereas the mean value of ff was 1.36 times greater. The fg decreased with soil organic matter as a power function. The ff decreased with the Reynolds number, Froude number, and flow velocity and increased with vegetation coverage, aboveground biomass, and root collar area as power functions. Soil properties explained the majority of the variation in fg, and near the vegetation soil surface factors explained the majority of the variation in ff. Finally, ff was simulated using the Reynolds number, vegetation coverage, and root collar area. In addition, a simulation equation for the total flow resistance was established by distinguishing the grain resistance and the form resistance, and the performance of the model developed in this study was satisfactory (NSE = 0.97).
Evaluation of dimethyl carbonate production process from CO2 by rigorous simulation and detailed optimization
Authors: Sun Zhe , Li Heyu , Cao Yan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe CO2‐derived dimethyl carbonate (DMC) synthesis process becomes greatly attentive but suffers high energy consumption in DMC distillation process. In this work, the DMC‐MeOH azeotropes separation process by pressure swing distillation and extractive distillation was compared, and key operating parameters, including the total number of trays and the feeding position of the mixture liquid, were optimized with the minimum total annual cost (TAC) as the objective function. On the basis of this optimization, economic evaluation of different distillation processes was conducted, and it was found that extractive distillation was more economical than pressure swing distillation. The application of the dividing‐wall distillation process upgraded by extractive distillation can significantly reduce the minimum annual total cost by 37.4% and 10.7% compared to the original pressure swing distillation and extractive distillation process, respectively. The optimization of relevant heat exchange network based on pinch technology resulted in energy consumption reduction by 27.2% and 25.9% for its hot and cold utilities, respectively. Carbon life cycle assessment (LCA) on the DMC distillation process revealed over 50% of energy as well as carbon emissions from steam consumption, whose reduction can significantly minimize CO2 emissions, energy consumption, and ultimate cost. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chasing two hares at once: The effects of goal orientation (in)congruence in teams
Authors: Sohn Wonbin , Harvey Jean‐François 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOrganizations must excel at what they do well while also learning new ways of operating to achieve long‐term success. Work teams may thus find themselves pursuing contradictory objectives to support the organization's strategy. We investigated teams' goal orientation (in)congruence and its impact on task meaningfulness and, ultimately, performance, hypothesizing the potential pitfalls of teams simultaneously pursuing both learning‐ and performance‐goal orientations. Three‐wave, multisource data were collected from 109 teams at a large North American mortgage company. In a polynomial regression and response surface analytical framework, team task meaningfulness—and subsequent team performance—was enhanced when teams had greater divergence between their learning‐ and performance‐goal orientations but suffered when both goal orientations were more aligned. Our investigation thus revealed the potential pitfalls of teams simultaneously pursuing both learning‐ and performance‐goal orientations. We discuss the theoretical contributions of the team goal orientation incongruence effect substantiated in this study, as well as implications for practice and future research.
Through their eyes: Understanding institutional factors that impact the transfer processes of Black engineering students
Authors: Berhane Bruk , Buenaflor Shannon , Lee Eunsil , Liu Jingjing , Najera Gabriel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe potential for broadening participation in engineering among Black undergraduates via transfer pathways is considerable, given their large share of the community college population. By understanding the opportunities and challenges presented within the context of transfer, this potential can be realized.Purpose/hypothesisThe goal of this study is to explore ways in which Black students who transitioned from a community college to a 4‐year engineering program describe the institutional factors affecting their transfer processes.Design/methodDrawing from a 3‐year qualitative research study involving approximately 27 Black engineering transfer students at a large, predominantly White, institution, we present data derived through interviews and focus groups with these undergraduates.ResultsParticipants expressed that they benefited from supportive institutional agents who offered engineering transfer‐related resources. These included both faculty and advisors in their mostly Minority Serving Community Colleges (MSCCs) as well as advisors from the engineering college at the 4‐year institution. In addition, respondents described being part of a number of community college programs, including some for Black collegians, that offered resources for transfer. Nonetheless, some participants shared problems that emerged during the transfer process, including having to self‐navigate confusing transfer websites or self‐advocate to resolve erroneous admissions decisions.ConclusionsWe suggest a need to elevate MSCCs as learning environments that can produce future Black engineers. We also recommend a systems‐level approach that brings together community colleges and 4‐year institutions while also accounting for issues related to resources as well as power dynamics that students may encounter.
Long‐term posttransplant survival outcome following bridging locoregional therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chuncharunee Alan , Oranratnachai Songporn , Chuncharunee Lancharat , Intaraprasong Pongphob , Thakkinstian Ammarin , Sobhonslidsuk Abhasnee 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimLiver transplantation (LT) is essential due to its curative efficacy, but liver‐graft shortages have limited its widespread application. Bridging locoregional therapy (LRT) before LT has been performed to prevent tumor progression, and a recent literature review revealed that it is associated with a nonsignificant trend toward better survival outcomes. However, much more information on bridging therapy has become available since then. This meta‐analysis aimed to compare the posttransplant survival and HCC recurrence between patients with and without pretransplant bridging LRT.MethodsStudies were identified in MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and the Cochrane Library. Two independent researchers screened titles and full articles, extracted relevant data, and conducted a parametric survival analysis.ResultsOut of 4794 studies, 18 cohort studies were eligible. The 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year overall survival (OS) rates were 93.1%, 85.0%, and 79.1% for those in the bridging LRT group, while they were 91.8%, 81.1%, and 75.5% for those who did not receive LRT, respectively. There were no differences in overall survival between these groups (HR 0.90; 0.78–1.05, P = 0.17). Interestingly, we discovered that bridging therapy helped prolong survival significantly in a high‐risk population with a long waiting time (HR 0.76; 0.60–0.96, P = 0.02). Unfortunately, bridging LRT did not improve disease‐free survival (HR 0.98; 0.86–1.11, P = 0.70).ConclusionsThe results indicate that bridging LRT does not generally change post‐LT outcomes. However, bridging LRT can significantly improve survival in patients with a long waiting time for LT.