bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamical Evaluation of Gravity Spherical Harmonic Coefficients due to Generally Shaped Polyhedra
Authors: Gavriilidou Georgia , Tsoulis Dimitrios 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe gravitational potential uncertainty process arising from the stochastic consideration of generally shaped polyhedra is outlined and tested on the real shape model of asteroid Psyche. The examined method is based on the computation of partial derivatives of spherical harmonic coefficients as implied by corresponding coordinate changes of the polyhedron’s vertices, while the derived results are compared with gravity signal differences induced by the shape’s variations using the line integral analytical approach. For the numerical tests, 3 regular grids of points with dimensions 600 km2 were considered. The differences of the obtained results between the two approaches range from 85 m2/s2 to 300 m2/s2 for the gravitational potential uncertainties and from 2% to 2.4% for the normalized gravitational potential uncertainties. Additional tests were carried out on different points with increasing distance from the asteroid’s surface to correlate the computed uncertainties with the spherical harmonic coefficients’ maximum degree of expansion. As seen, inside the uncertainty region defined by the boundary of Brillouin sphere, the computed normalized gravitational potential uncertainties differ at the level of 0.04% for solutions of maximum degree of expansion {5, 10, 15, 20} while outside they gradually become identical. Therefore, the position of the computation points as well as the morphology of the examined mass distribution that defines the Brillouin sphere seem to strongly affect the derived results.
Geophysical Loading Correction Comparison and Assessment in VLBI Analysis
Authors: Singh Shivangi , Böhm Johannes , Krásná Hana , Balasubramanian Nagarajan , Dikshit Onkar 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Earth’s crust experiences deformation caused by a range of geophysical phenomena, including the motion of tectonic plates and the redistribution of surface fluids like the atmosphere, oceans, and continental water. These natural processes result in substantial changes in the Earth’s crust load, leading to the displacement of geodetic sites and alterations in station coordinates over time scales that can vary from yearly to sub-diurnal periods. Geophysical models are employed in Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) analysis to consider loading effects resulting from the global movement of the geophysical fluids to accurately estimate parameters of interest. Given VLBI’s significance as a key technique for terrestrial reference frame determination, the accuracy of geophysical models becomes paramount. This study focuses on comparing elastic surface loading products, specifically on the corresponding changes in station coordinates. Non-tidal surface loading (NTSL) data is obtained from different loading services, such as VieAPL, EOST, IMLS, and ESMGFZ. Notably, VieAPL exclusively provides non-tidal atmospheric loading (NTAL), while EOST, IMLS, and ESMGFZ provide all three NTSL components—NTAL, non-tidal oceanic loading, and hydrological loading. The analysis of 20 years data of NTSL (from 2001 to 2020), extracted from these services demonstrates consistency among them, except for the hydrological loading component of ESMGFZ. The implementation of NTSL models in VLBI analysis has revealed that baseline length repeatability shows improvements or remains stable in 90.25% of the baselines for IMLS, 89.02% for EOST, and 86.18% for ESMGFZ. Additionally, the application of NTSL models leads to an improvement in the standard deviation of station height by 65% in both EOST and IMLS, and by 61.25% in the case of ESMGFZ. We also investigate the variance reduction coefficients, demonstrating the distinctions in loading corrections offered by various services.
EPOS-OC, a Universal Software Tool for Satellite Geodesy at GFZ
Authors: Neumayer Karl Hans , Schreiner Patrick , König Rolf , Dahle Christoph , Glaser Susanne , Mammadaliyev Nijat , Flechtner Frank 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe adjustment of parameters from different observations describing the state and change of system Earth has been conducted at the Helmholtz Centre Potsdam—GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences via satellite observations for many decades. Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) is used to establish ground station coordinates and their drifts as well as Earth Rotation Parameters (ERPs). Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite (DORIS), Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), SLR and Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations are combined to contribute to the development of an International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) with the highest precision possible. The Earth’s gravity field and its temporal variations are adjusted analyzing orbit perturbations of Low Earth Orbiting (LEO) satellites, where the corresponding trajectories are obtained from Global Positioning System (GPS), on-board accelerometers (ACC) or gradiometers, star tracker (STR) and inter-satellite ranging observations. Apart from real data analysis, numerous simulation studies are conducted, e.g. to investigate the performance of Next Generation Gravity Missions or possible improvements of terrestrial reference frames by space-tie satellites. Also, we contribute to testing the theory of general relativity by analysing observations of the Laser Geodynamic Satellites (LAGEOS). All that would not be possible without a universal software tool that is central to all these activities. In this paper we give a short overview of our program package Earth Parameter and Orbit System (EPOS) with its core module for precise orbit computation (OC) EPOS-OC. We briefly describe its main features and give examples on Precise Orbit Determination (POD) of Earth satellites, describe how the program is used for determination of ERPs, station coordinates, reference frames and the adjustment of Earth’s gravity field using real-world data and within simulation studies. We finally show that EPOS-OC is also a useful tool to test some predictions of the theory of General Relativity.
Vision of a Clock-Based Network for Absolute Sea Level Monitoring
Authors: Vincent Asha , Müller Jürgen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGlobal sea level shows an increasing trend for several decades driven mainly by climate change. Absolute Sea Level (ASL) changes can only be extracted from Relative Sea Level (RSL) measurements with proper reduction of vertical land movements of the bench marks. Atomic clocks at those tide gauges can potentially provide the absolute, near real-time physical height change. High-performance clocks with an uncertainty of $$10^{-18}$$
1

0

−18

enable a height measurement with 1 cm accuracy. As RSL is related to regional tidal datums, one has to account for the local variations to obtain a globally consistent measurement of ASL. Hence, by incorporating land motion from clock observations, one can establish a consistent and uniform reference datum for assessing geoid-based absolute sea level changes worldwide.
Digital Methodology Beyond the Everyday: Analytical Model for Interpreting Inclusion of Children with Disabilities in Preschools
Authors: Johora Fatema Taj , Fleer Marilyn , Hammer Marie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRecently research on inclusion of children with disabilities in mainstream settings has advanced. But approaches for studying inclusion in the living laboratory of a preschool are still limited. Certainly, it is a delicate job for researchers to capture pre-schoolers’ perspective and their contribution in their development through everyday participation in an early childhood setting. This chapter discusses how digital methodology enable researchers to accumulate everyday experience of children with disabilities along with their peers in a mainstream long day care centre and to interpret beyond the everyday practices. In this process, we felt it is essential to use appropriate theoretical or analytical tools to bring deeper dimension in analysis and to address interpretation challenges. This chapter argues both the digital methodology and cultural-historical analytical tools make it possible to develop new understanding of inclusion and to understand how participant children created roundabout ways for their inclusion in the preschool practices. A model accompanied by five key principles are presented, and a working example illustrates the kind of data generated.
Digital Spatial Game Development and Practice Analysis in the Home Setting
Authors: Dang Ha , Rai Prabhat , Fleer Marilyn , Li Jonathan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDrawing on Conceptual PlayWorld characteristics (Fleer M., Early Years 39(1):1–22, 2018, 2018), this research focused on designing digital games to support children’s spatial development in the home setting. During the time of pandemic these specially designed digital games created a new activity setting in the children’s everyday home practice and offered a new, amplified digital spatial learning opportunity for the children. The narrative from the children’s story book, collective participation of children and parents and awareness of the adults to create conceptual learning opportunities for children made participation of children in these games personally meaningful for them. While playing these games, the children’s dominant motive for play were employed as a stimulating motive for learning spatial concepts. The chapter unpacks some of the design principles that guided development of these digital spatial games.
Researching Intergenerational Engagements and Programmes During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Methodological Reflexivity on Research Pivots
Authors: Oropilla Czarecah Tuppil 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis chapter explores methodological reflexivity in studying intergenerational engagements and programs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Societal regulations, aimed at reducing infection risks, have inevitably impacted interactions between young children and older adults within families, communities, and early childhood education and care settings. The pandemic is thus framed as a crisis that posed challenges, leading to adaptations, transitions, and transformations for the researcher, who, at the time of writing, was a PhD candidate. These methodological shifts are viewed as ‘pivots,’ opening new research opportunities and fostering the researcher’s growth. Drawing from personal experiences, the implications of using digital platforms in research are discussed. The focus is on the researcher’s reflexivity and positionality, emphasizing the need for creative and innovative research approaches to navigate through the crisis.
PLUM—SKUM: The Making of a Handwashing Video for the Youngest Children After the Outbreak of Covid-19
Authors: Ødegaard Elin Eriksen , Hoffart Håkon 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis chapter demonstrates how information regarding infection control was recrafted on the principles of critique and attraction to art and imagination in a digital agile response in a time of crisis. The chapter narrates the process of making a video targeting the youngest children by using cultural-historical and aesthetic analytic models and concepts where co-creation, creativity and imagination are crucial. The design was explorative and collaborative, as the process involved ongoing dialogue between the researcher, the artist, a family with children aged two and four years, kindergarten teachers, and children in three groups (1–3-year-olds). Inspired by a cultural-historical methodology of collaborative exploration, we name the event as pedagogical innovation. We start off with a problem experienced in the early days of the pandemic: informing children about the importance of washing one’s hands. The information provided by the health and educational authorities was almost exclusively shaped in a manner best suited to ages four and up. The authors identified a lack of developmental and institutional knowledge and awareness regarding successful communication with children in the tool kit provided by the authorities. Although older children might follow the commands of adults regarding infection control, younger children lack the logical tools to process such information. On the basis of this critique, we responded by engaging children, kindergartens, and families in the co-creation of a 90-second video. This animated short video used imaginative language rather than the more common instruction, with the aim of targeting the youngest children. The result of the creative co-creation was a colourful, abstract cartoon language with stimulating rhythms.
VR Technology in an Engaging Early Childhood Teacher Education
Authors: Tveiterås Nils Christian , Bjørner Thomas 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this chapter we discuss and reflect on methodology in research into the use of Virtual Reality technology (VR) in early childhood teacher education and how this technology might influence the students’ learning environment and learning outcomes. The use of digital solutions for online teaching and collaboration is already common in higher education, but despite an increasing interest in VR, the possibilities with this technology are so far less investigated, especially in this field of education. The aim in the chapter is to suggest and discuss how such research might be designed and carried out, including considerations on how perspectives from cultural-historical theory can be relevant. A VR engagement model is proposed where elements from cultural-historical theory is combined with elements from engagement theory and VR research literature. Following the theoretical contribution, a tentative project is described and discussed as a possible context for investigating the model’s usefulness further.
The Use of Digital Artifacts to Analyse Science Concept Formation in Very Young Children
Authors: O’Connor Gillian , Fragkiadaki Glykeria , Fleer Marilyn , Rai Prabhat 
Published: July 2024

AbstractResearch examining conceptual development in pre-school age children has relied predominantly on children’s verbal responses and interactions. During infancy, however, immature verbal language skills limit the use of such commonly used methods. Studying infants and toddlers during the pandemic has added new challenges to this unique and highly demanding research area. In this chapter, we showcase how digital visual methods, developed and introduced in response to this methodological ‘crisis’, offer researchers a means through which many of the challenges inherent in studying very young children, can be overcome. To highlight the affordances of using digital artefacts to analyse very young children’s concept formation, the chapter focuses on science concept formation, during infancy and toddlerhood. Indicative examples from the implementation of a Conceptual PlayWorld as an educational experiment (see Chap. 2) offer illustrative examples of digital data analysis with children aged 8 to 36 months. It is shown that using digital artefacts, subtleties of development reflected in physical movement and interactions (e.g., gestures, embodied peer interactions), can be captured and later analysed. Key points researchers using digital artefacts, are able to look for, capture, and dialectically interrelate when analysing concept formation in very young children specifically are highlighted. We argue that digital artifacts allow the digital recreation of the body shading light to new dimensions of the child’s experience in science and opening a space for reflection for researchers. Consequently, adopting a dialectical lens in analyzing digital data, possible insight into the process of concept formation as it occurs for very young, non-verbal children, is afforded.
A Cultural-Historical Re-conceptualisation of Digital Pre- and Post-survey Design Embedded in a Dynamic Multi-modal Professional Development Program
Authors: Suryani Anne , Fleer Marilyn , Rai Prabhat 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe dynamic nature of an early childhood education workplace is a challenging one that continuously seeks to test educators*, and therefore it is common for them to consistently seek to improve their knowledge, skills, and competencies. Amongst the myriad of different professional development strategies that exist to help early childhood educators with their professional development, how might we capture teacher development? How do we authentically capture this dynamic context and make visible how teacher practices change and teachers themselves develop? One tradition has been to undertake pre- and post-surveys. Yet this method does not in itself bring out what Vygotsky (The collected works of L. S. Vygotsky (Vol. 5. Child psychology) (Rieber, R. W. (Ed.)). Plenum Press, 1998) theorised as the idea of a developmental ‘crisis’. Further, teacher development was never the focus of Vygotsky’s theory of human development. This chapter provides insights into how this can be achieved through a cultural-historical re-conceptualisation of pre- and post-survey design which includes a series of data collection points over time within and across dynamic practices of a professional development program that was simultaneously challenging and motivating for teachers.
Design Thinking im strategischen Management
Authors: Bürgy Yasmin M. , Harder Deane 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungEine Strategie soll helfen, die Wettbewerbsposition und Rentabilität einer Organisation langfristig zu sichern. Unsichere und unbeständige Umweltbedingungen erschweren strategische Planungsbemühungen zunehmend. Design Thinking versucht mit iterativen, kreativen und menschen- und kundenzentrierten Methoden Lösungen zu entwickeln und gleichzeitig dabei Risiken zu reduzieren. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Studie untersucht, inwiefern eine Integration von Design Thinking in den Strategieprozess möglich ist. Dafür wurden 16 leitfadengestützte Interviews mit Expertinnen und Experten durchgeführt, um mit ihnen die typischen Elemente bei der Entwicklung einer Strategie und die mögliche Anwendung von Design Thinking dabei zu erörtern. Die Studie zeigt, dass eine Integration einiger Methoden und Ansätze von Design Thinking in den Strategieprozess sinnvoll ist, um flexibler und schneller auf Änderungen im strategischen Umfeld reagieren zu können.
Bexagliflozin: a comprehensive review of a recently approved SGLT2 inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Bassett Ryan L. , Gallo Giovanni , Le Kim-Phuong N. , Volino Lucio R. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains a major global health threat, claiming millions of lives annually. Despite recent advancements in managing T2DM, the need for innovative treatment options persists. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibition has proven to be an effective therapeutic strategy against T2DM, offering benefits in lowering hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and plasma glucose levels as well as treatment for patients with diabetes who develop chronic kidney disease (CKD). Bexagliflozin is a recently approved, orally administered SGLT2 inhibitor for treating T2DM and exhibits promise in combating CKD stages 3a and 3b. Structurally, bexagliflozin differs from other SGLT2 inhibitors in that it has a cyclopropyloxyethoxy group at the para position of the peripheral phenyl ring. This review article provides an overview of bexagliflozin’s discovery, mechanism of action, binding site interactions, metabolism, pharmacokinetics, and clinical applications. Emphasis is placed on the significant contribution of SGLT2 inhibitors, particularly bexagliflozin in glycemic control and treating associated comorbidities such as heart failure and chronic kidney disease in T2DM patients.
Förderung aktiver Mobilität im Alter durch Stadtgestaltung
Authors: Baumgart Sabine , Bolte Gabriele 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungAngesichts einer alternden Gesellschaft ist die Erhaltung einer eigenständigen Mobilität bis in das hohe Alter eine wichtige Zielsetzung. Das mentale und körperliche Wohlbefinden hängt nicht nur von dem individuellen Gesundheitsstatus, sondern wesentlich auch von den räumlichen Bedingungen ab. Darauf können Kommunalpolitik und kommunale Verwaltungen Einfluss nehmen, insbesondere die städtebauliche Planung. In diesem Diskussionsbeitrag werden Perspektiven von Public Health und Stadtplanung auf Stadtentwicklung und Mobilität vor dem Hintergrund von gesundheitlicher Chancengerechtigkeit zusammengeführt.Die Ergebnisse der AFOOT (Alternd zu Fuß oder mit Fahrrad: urban mobil ohne Stress)-Querschnittstudie zu sozialräumlichen Bedingungen in Klein- und Mittelstädten im Nordwesten Deutschlands und dem Zufußgehen und Radfahren von älteren Menschen zeigen die Bedeutung von Wohnumweltfaktoren wie Nähe von Alltagszielen, Fußwege- und Fahrradinfrastruktur sowie Wegeverbindungen. Präferenzen für die Gestaltung einer alternsgerechten Wohnumgebung und Qualitäten des öffentlichen Raums bestehen hinsichtlich städtebaulicher Gestaltqualität, Aufenthaltsqualität und Sicherheit im öffentlichen Raum.Für eine Verbesserung der räumlichen Gegebenheiten bedarf es einer Erfassung der Situation durch definierte Indikatoren und eines Monitorings sowie der Integration von Perspektiven älterer Menschen. Strategien und Maßnahmen zur Förderung aktiver Mobilität im Alter zielen auf die multifunktionale Gestaltung öffentlicher Räume, die Priorisierung aktiver Mobilität auf Alltagswegen und die Gewährleistung der Erreichbarkeit von Alltagszielen durch Siedlungsentwicklung. Die sektorübergreifende Zusammenarbeit von Stadtplanung, Verkehrsplanung und Public Health ist für die Förderung der aktiven Mobilität und der Gesundheit älterer Menschen essentiell.
Accuracy of prediction from multi-environment trials for new locations using pedigree information and environmental covariates: the case of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) breeding
Authors: Tadese Diriba , Piepho Hans‑Peter , Hartung Jens 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Key messages
We investigate a method of extracting and fitting synthetic environmental covariates and pedigree information in multilocation trial data analysis to predict genotype performances in untested locations.

Abstract
Plant breeding trials are usually conducted across multiple testing locations to predict genotype performances in the targeted population of environments. The predictive accuracy can be increased by the use of adequate statistical models. We compared linear mixed models with and without synthetic covariates (SCs) and pedigree information under the identity, the diagonal and the factor-analytic variance-covariance structures of the genotype-by-location interactions. A comparison was made to evaluate the accuracy of different models in predicting genotype performances in untested locations using the mean squared error of predicted differences (MSEPD) and the Spearman rank correlation between predicted and adjusted means. A multi-environmental trial (MET) dataset evaluated for yield performance in the dry lowland sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) breeding program of Ethiopia was used. For validating our models, we followed a leave-one-location-out cross-validation strategy. A total of 65 environmental covariates (ECs) obtained from the sorghum test locations were considered. The SCs were extracted from the ECs using multivariate partial least squares analysis and subsequently fitted in the linear mixed model. Then, the model was extended accounting for pedigree information. According to the MSEPD, models accounting for SC improve predictive accuracy of genotype performances in the three of the variance-covariance structures compared to others without SC. The rank correlation was also higher for the model with the SC. When the SC was fitted, the rank correlation was 0.58 for the factor analytic, 0.51 for the diagonal and 0.46 for the identity variance-covariance structures. Our approach indicates improvement in predictive accuracy with SC in the context of genotype-by-location interactions of a sorghum breeding in Ethiopia.