bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic Prediction
Authors: Turkheimer Eric 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe fundamental reason that the genetics of behavior has remained so controversial for so long is that the layer of theory between data and their interpretation is thicker and more opaque than in more established areas of science. The finding that variations in tiny snippets of DNA have small but detectable relations to variation in behavior surprises no one, at least no one who was paying attention to the twin studies. How such snippets of DNA are related to differences in behavior—known as the gene‐to‐behavior pathway—is the great theoretical problem of modern behavioral genetics.Given that intentional human breeding is a horrific prospect, what kind of technology might we want (or fear) out of human behavioral genetics? One possibility is a technology that could predict important behavioral characteristics of humans based on their genomes alone. A moment's thought suggests significant benefits and risks that might be associated with such a possibility, but for the moment, just consider how convincing it would be if on the day of a baby's birth we could make meaningful predictions about whether he or she would become a concert pianist or an alcoholic. This article will consider where we are right now as regards that possibility, using human height and intelligence as the primary examples.
Connectivity‐based parcellation: Critique and implications
Authors: Eickhoff Simon B. , Thirion Bertrand , Varoquaux Gaël , Bzdok Danilo 
Published: September 2015

AbstractRegional specialization and functional integration are often viewed as two fundamental principles of human brain organization. They are closely intertwined because each functionally specialized brain region is probably characterized by a distinct set of long‐range connections. This notion has prompted the quickly developing family of connectivity‐based parcellation (CBP) methods in neuroimaging research. CBP assumes that there is a latent structure of parcels in a region of interest (ROI). First, connectivity strengths are computed to other parts of the brain for each voxel/vertex within the ROI. These features are then used to identify functionally distinct groups of ROI voxels/vertices. CBP enjoys increasing popularity for the in‐vivo mapping of regional specialization in the human brain. Due to the requirements of different applications and datasets, CBP has diverged into a heterogeneous family of methods. This broad overview critically discusses the current state as well as the commonalities and idiosyncrasies of the main CBP methods. We target frequent concerns faced by novices and veterans to provide a reference for the investigation and review of CBP studies. Hum Brain Mapp 36:4771–4792, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Drug‐Drug Interaction Studies of Paliperidone and Divalproex Sodium Extended‐Release Tablets in Healthy Participants and Patients with Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Remmerie Bart , Ariyawansa Jay , De Meulder Marc , Coppola Danielle , Berwaerts Joris 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe objective of these 2 phase 1, open‐label, 2‐treatment, single‐sequence studies was to evaluate the effect of repeated oral doses of divalproex sodium extended‐release (ER) on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of a single dose of paliperidone ER in healthy participants (study 1), and the effect of multiple doses of paliperidone ER on the steady‐state PK of valproic acid (VPA) in patients with psychiatric disorders (study 2), respectively. In study 1 healthy participants received, in a fixed sequential order, treatment A, paliperidone ER 12 mg (day 1); treatment B, VPA 1000 mg (2 × 500 mg divalproex sodium ER) once daily (days 5 to 18) and paliperidone ER 12 mg (day 15). In study 2 patients received treatment A, VPA (days 1–7); treatment B, VPA + paliperidone ER 12 mg (days 8–12). Divalproex sodium ER doses (study 2) were individualized such that systemic therapeutic VPA exposure from prior treatment was maintained on entry into the study. PK assessments were performed at prespecified time points (paliperidone days 1 and 15 [study 1]; VPA days 7 and 12 [study 2]). The oral bioavailability of paliperidone was increased by an estimated 51% (Cmax) and 51%–52% (AUCs) when coadministered with divalproex sodium ER. No effect on the steady‐state plasma concentration of VPA was observed following repeated coadministration with paliperidone ER: the 90%CI around the VPA exposure ratios for the 2 treatments was within the 80%–125% bioequivalence criteria for Cmax,ss and AUCτ. Both VPA and paliperidone ER were well tolerated, and no new safety concerns were identified.
Assessment of Disease‐Related Therapeutic Protein Drug‐Drug Interaction for Etrolizumab in Patients With Moderately to Severely Active Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Wei Xiaohui , Kenny Jane R. , Dickmann Leslie , Maciuca Romeo , Looney Caroline , Tang Meina T. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe efficacy and safety of etrolizumab, a humanized IgG1 mAb, were evaluated in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) in a phase 2 study (EUCALYPTUS). The current study assessed the risk of therapeutic protein drug‐drug interaction (TP‐DDI) of etrolizumab on CYP3A activity in patients with UC. Literature review was performed to compare serum proinflammatory cytokine levels and pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of CYP3A substrate drugs between patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and healthy subjects. Treatment effect of etrolizumab on CYP3A activity was evaluated by measuring colonic CYP3A4 mRNA expression and serum C‐reactive protein (CRP) in EUCALYPTUS patients. Literature data suggested similar levels between IBD patients and healthy subjects for serum proinflammatory cytokines and PK parameters of CYP3A substrate drugs. Additionally, treatment with etrolizumab did not change colonic CYP3A4 mRNA expression or serum CRP levels in UC patients. In conclusion, our results indicate a low TP‐DDI risk for etrolizumab in UC patients, particularly on medications metabolized by CYP3A.
Incorporating known malware signatures to classify new malware variants in network traffic
Authors: Ismail Ismahani , Marsono Muhammad Nadzir , Khammas Ban Mohammed , Nor Sulaiman Mohd 
Published: September 2015

SummaryContent‐based malware classification technique using n‐gram features required high computational overhead because of the size of feature space. This paper proposes the augmentation of domain knowledge in the form of known Snort malware signatures to machine learning techniques to reduce resources (in terms of the time to generate machine learning model and the memory usage to store generative model). Although current malware can be encrypted or mutated, these malware still exhibit prevalent contents or payloads as their predecessors. Using a dataset of traffic captured from a campus network, our approach is able to reduce initial generated million n‐gram features to only around 90000 features, which significantly reduces processing time to generate naive Bayes model by 95%. The generated model that has been trained by the most descriptive features (4‐gram Snort signatures with high information gain) produces lower false negative, about 2% compared with other models. Moreover, the proposed method is capable of detecting 10 new malware variants with 0% false negative. The findings from this paper can be the basis for improving malware classification based on content classification to detect known and new malware. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cyclization and dispersity of poly(alkylene isophthalate)s
Authors: Weidner Steffen M. , Kricheldorf Hans R. , Scheliga Felix 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTPoly(alkylene isophthalate)s were prepared by different methods, either in solution or in bulk. The SEC measurements were evaluated in such a way that all oligomers were included. In solution (monomer conc. 0.1–0.7 mol/L) large fractions of rings were formed and high dispersities (up to 12) were obtained, which disagree with theoretical predictions. Polycondensations in bulk did neither generate cyclics by “back‐biting” nor by end‐to‐end cyclization, when the maximum temperature was limited to 210 °C. The dispersities of these perfectly linear polyesters were again higher than the theoretical values. Regardless of the synthetic method monomeric cycles were never observed. Furthermore, SEC measurements performed in tetrahydrofuran and in chloroform and SEC measurements performed in three different institutes were compared. Finally, SEC measurements of five samples were performed with universal calibration and a correction factor of 0.71 ± 0.02 was found for normal calibration with polystyrene. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 197–208
The perspective of prostate cancer patients and patients' partners on the psychological burden of androgen deprivation and the dyadic adjustment of prostate cancer couples
Authors: Hamilton Lisa Dawn , Van Dam Dexter , Wassersug Richard J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractObjectiveProstate cancer and its treatments, particularly androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), affect both patients and partners. This study assessed how prostate cancer treatment type, patient mood, and sexual function related to dyadic adjustment from patient and partner perspectives.MethodsMen with prostate cancer (n = 206) and partners of men with prostate cancer (n = 66) completed an online survey assessing the patients' mood (profile of mood states short form), their dyadic adjustment (dyadic adjustment scale), and sexual function (expanded prostate cancer index composite).ResultsAnalyses of covariance found that men on ADT reported better dyadic adjustment compared with men not on ADT. Erectile dysfunction was high for all patients, but a multivariate analysis of variance found that those on ADT experienced greater bother at loss of sexual function than patients not on ADT, suggesting that loss of libido when on ADT does not mitigate the psychological distress associated with loss of erections. In a multiple linear regression, patients' mood predicted their dyadic adjustment, such that worse mood was related to worse dyadic adjustment. However, more bother with patients' overall sexual function predicted lower relationship scores for the patients, while the patients' lack of sexual desire predicted lower dyadic adjustment for partners.ConclusionsBoth patients and partners are impacted by the prostate cancer treatment effects on patients' psychological and sexual function. Our data help clarify the way that prostate cancer treatments can affect relationships and that loss of libido on ADT does not attenuate distress about erectile dysfunction. Understanding these changes may help patients and partners maintain a co‐supportive relationship. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Traceability of different apple varieties by multivariate analysis of isotope ratio mass spectrometry data
Authors: Mimmo Tanja , Camin Federica , Bontempo Luana , Capici Calogero , Tagliavini Massimo , Cesco Stefano , Scampicchio Matteo 
Published: September 2015

RationaleThe awareness of customers of the origin of foods has become an important issue. The growing demand for foods that are healthy, safe and of high quality has increased the need for traceability and clear labelling. Thus, this study investigates the capability of C and N stable isotope ratios to determine the geographical origin of several apple varieties grown in northern Italy.MethodsFour apple varieties (Cripps Pink, Gala, Golden Delicious, Granny Smith) have been sampled in orchards located in the Districts of Bolzano, Ferrara, Verona and Udine (northern Italy). Carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope values of the whole apple fruits and three sub‐fractions (peel, pulp and seed) have been determined simultaneously by isotope ratio mass spectrometry.ResultsThe δ13C and δ15N values of apples and apple sub‐fractions, such as peel, seed and pulp, were significantly affected by the geographical origin and the fruit variety. The four varieties could be distinguished to a certain extent only within each district. A 99% correct identification of the samples according to their origin was, however, achieved by cross validation with the 'leave‐one‐out' method.ConclusionsThis study proves the potential of stable isotopes to discriminate the geographical origin of apples grown in orchards located only a few hundreds of kilometres apart. Stable isotopes were also able to discriminate different apple varieties, although only within small geographical areas. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On Non‐Linear Ordinary Differential Equations of Boundary Layer Type
Authors: PEARSON CARL E. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryA numerical method previously applied to linear two‐point boundary
value problems of boundary layer type is extended to some non‐linear problems.
Discretization of the differential equation leads to a set of non‐linear algebraic
equations, which is solved by a modified Newton's method; both the mesh
spacing and the boundary layer parameter are iteratively adjusted during the
solution process. Several examples are discussed; one of these concerns the
problem of shock wave formation in a supersonic nozzle.
A Note on Random Triangles
Authors: Halász Sylvia , Kleitman D. J. 
Published: September 2015

In this paper we prove that the point in a triangle T maximizing the probability that it lies within a randomly chosen triangle within T is the center of T. A simple general closed expression for the indicated probability at any point P of T is obtained, though the proof proceeds by a symmetry argument on contributions to derivatives of the probability. It is also shown that the indicated probability is linearly related to the average over points in T of the product of the areas within T on either side of the line determined by P and

.This gives the proof for n = 3 of the following conjecture of A. Prékopa:Fix a point P in an n − 1 dimensional simplex S. Take n independent points, uniformly distributed in S, and consider the probability ρ(P) of P being inside the random simplex determined by these n points.Conjecture: ρ(P) is maximal, when P is the center of gravity of S.
Erbliche Stoffwechselkrankheiten – eine Übersicht
Authors: Zschocke Johannes 
Published: September 2015

Zusammenfassung
Klinisches Bild, Diagnose und Therapie der erblichen Stoffwechselkrankheiten lassen sich am besten aus den spezifischen betroffenen Stoffwechselwegen ableiten, welche durch die einzelne, meist enzymatische Störung betroffen sind. Dabei lassen sich die Störungen des Intermediärstoffwechsels, welche den Stoffwechsel der Aminosäuren, Kohlenhydrate und Fettsäuren sowie den mitochondrialen Energiestoffwechsel betreffen, von anderen Stoffwechselstörungen abgrenzen. Die Intermediärstoffwechselstörungen zeigen meist eine Manifestation erst nach der Geburt, nicht selten akute Stoffwechselentgleisungen, und können oft durch metabolische Interventionen behandelt werden. Sie werden durch die üblichen klinisch-chemischen Basisuntersuchungen und einige selektive Screeninganalysen erfasst, die allgemein unter dem Begriff „Stoffwechseldiagnostik“ subsumiert werden. Die anderen Stoffwechselkrankheiten verursachen sehr unterschiedliche, oft für den betroffenen Stoffwechselweg typische klinische Symptome und können vielfach durch Screeningtests nachgewiesen werden, die spezifisch angefordert werden müssen. Die verschiedenen Krankheitsgruppen mit den wichtigsten einzelnen Störungen werden in dem vorliegenden Artikel zusammenfassend dargestellt.
Establishing a risk scoring system for predicting erosive esophagitis
Authors: Hung Hung‐Hsu , Su Chien‐Wei , Wang Yuan‐Jen , Luo Jiing‐Chyuan , Leu Hsin‐Bang , Huang Hui‐Chun , Yang Ying‐Ying , Chen Tseng‐Shing , Lu Ching‐Liang , Hou Ming‐Chih , Chan Wan‐Leong , Lin Han‐Chieh , Chang Full‐Young , Lee Fa‐Yauh , Lee Shou‐Dong 
Published: September 2015

SummaryObjectiveThis study aims to establish a noninvasive scoring system to predict the risk of erosive esophagitis (EE).MethodsFrom 2002 to 2009, a total of 34,346 consecutive adults who underwent health check‐ups and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were retrospectively enrolled. Of the participants, 22,892 in the earlier two‐thirds period of examination were defined as the training set and the remaining 11,454 as the validation set. EE was diagnosed by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Independent risk factors associated with EE were analyzed by multivariate analysis using a logistic regression model with the forward stepwise selection procedure in the training set. Subsequently, an EE risk scoring system was established and weighted by β coefficient. This risk scoring system was further validated in the validation set.ResultsIn the training set, older age, male gender, higher body mass index, higher waist circumference, higher serum triglyceride, and lower high‐density lipid cholesterol levels were independent risk factors for predicting EE. According to the β coefficient value of each independent risk factor, the total score ranging from 0 to 10 was established, and then low‐ (0–3), moderate‐ (4–6), and high‐risk (7–10) groups were identified. In the validation set, the prevalence rates of EE in the low‐, moderate‐, and high‐risk groups were 5.15%, 15.76% and 26.11%, respectively (p < 0.001).ConclusionThis simple noninvasive risk scoring system, including factors of age, gender, body mass index, waist circumference, triglyceride, and high‐density lipid cholesterol, effectively predicted EE and stratified its incidence.
Back to Basics: Inhaled Anesthesia
Authors: Spruce Lisa 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe administration of inhalational anesthesia is a major component of providing care for patients undergoing operative or other invasive procedures. The perioperative nurse should understand the effects of anesthesia and actions of anesthetic agents (eg, unconsciousness, analgesia, anesthesia, muscle relaxation) and carefully assess the patient for contraindications to the anesthetic proposed, understand its effect on the patient, and understand how anesthesia affects the care provided. This Back to Basics article provides an overview of inhalational anesthesia and serves as a guide for nurses in the perioperative care of anesthetized patients.
Incorporating Age‐Specific Plans of Care to Achieve Optimal Perioperative Outcomes
Authors: Mower Juliana 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWhen developing a nursing plan of care, a perioperative nurse identifies nursing diagnoses during the preoperative patient assessment. The ability to identify age‐specific outcomes (ie, infant/child, adolescent, adult, elderly adult) in addition to those that are universally applicable is a major responsibility of the perioperative RN. Having an individualized plan of care is one of the best ways to determine whether desired patient outcomes have been successfully attained. Nursing care plans address intraoperative and postoperative risks and allow for a smooth transfer of care throughout the perioperative experience. A good nursing care plan also includes education for the patient and his or her caregiver. Within an overall plan of care, the use of methods such as a concept or mind map can visually demonstrate the relationships between systems, nursing diagnoses, nursing interventions, and desirable outcomes.
ECG Interpretation Using the CRISP Method: A Guide for Nurses
Authors: Atwood Denise , Wadlund Diana L. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractNurses often struggle with identifying electrocardiogram (ECG) rhythms, but rapidly interpreting these rhythms is an essential skill that every nurse should master, especially in the perioperative setting. The CRISP (Cardiac Rhythm Identification for Simple People) method is an algorithm designed to help nurses rapidly interpret ECGs. Key aspects of assisting patients with suspected cardiac issues include the nursing assessment, correct three‐lead ECG placement, and calculation of the heart rate. Then the perioperative nurse can use the steps of the CRISP method to identify nursing actions related to specific arrhythmias, including determining whether QRS complexes are present, P waves are present, and QRS complexes are wide or narrow or whether there are more P waves than QRS complexes.
Maternal nerve growth factor levels during pregnancy in women with preeclampsia: A longitudinal study
Authors: D'souza Vandita , Kilari Anitha , Pisal Hemlata , Patil Vidya , Mehendale Savita , Wagh Girija , Gupte Sanjay , Joshi Sadhana 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPreeclampsia (PE) is characterized by hypertension and proteinuria. Improper development of the placenta due to altered angiogenesis is the main culprit in PE. Nerve growth factor (NGF) is an angiogenic factor which is expressed and localized in the placenta. Our earlier cross sectional study has shown altered NGF levels at delivery in women with PE. However, there are no studies on NGF levels in PE early in pregnancy before manifestation of the disease. Thus, there is a need to examine the role of NGF in vascular development during different stages of gestation in PE. A longitudinal study was carried out where pregnant women were enrolled from two major hospitals from Pune, Bharati hospital and Gupte hospital. They were followed at three different time points [16–20 weeks (T1), 26–30 weeks (T2) and at delivery (T3)] during pregnancy and maternal blood at every time point and cord blood at delivery was collected and processed. This study included normotensive women (n = 88) and women with PE (n = 48). NGF levels were measured from maternal and cord plasma using the Emax Immuno Assay System (Promega). The data was analyzed using the SPSS/PC+ package (Version 20.0, Chicago, IL, USA). Maternal NGF levels did not change at all time points while cord NGF levels were higher (p < 0.05) in women with PE. Further, maternal NGF levels were negatively associated with blood pressure while cord NGF levels were positively associated with baby head circumference. Our data suggests that there may possibly be a compensatory role for NGF in the foeto‐placental circulation in PE.
An appropriate shock of the wearable cardioverter‐defibrillator in an outpatient setting
Authors: Kishihara Jun , Niwano Shinichi , Nakamura Hironori , Igarashi Tazuru , Ishizue Naruya , Fujiishi Tamami , Oikawa Jun , Murakami Masami , Fukaya Hidehira , Ako Junya 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe wearable cardioverter‐defibrillator (WCD) represents an alternative clinical approach to prevent sudden cardiac death as a bridge to therapy when making a final decision regarding the need for an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), especially in patients who are in the so‐called gray zone according to ICD guidelines. Although the WCD system was introduced in Japan in April 2014, data regarding its usage and experience are limited. We report the first case of appropriate shock therapy using the WCD in an outpatient setting in Japan. We describe the case of a 22‐year‐old‐woman who received the first case of successful appropriate WCD shock therapy in an outpatient setting in Japan.