bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraoperative identification of somato-sensory brain areas using optical imaging and standard RGB camera equipment – a feasibility study
Authors: Oelschlägel M. , Meyer T. , Sobottka S. B. , Kirsch M. , Schackert G. , Morgenstern U. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Intraoperative Optical Imaging (IOI) is a neuro-imaging technique that allows the visualization of changes in optical properties of the brain cortex. Recent developments enhanced the method regarding the robustness under intraoperative conditions. However, the necessity of additional hardware still limits the use in the operating room (OR). Since modern surgical microscopes are potentially equipped with all required hardware for imaging, we investigated the possible use of such standard RGB camera for IOI. Measurements were performed on eight patients. Changes in optical properties of the cortical surface were acquired with a monochrome CCD camera (AxioCam MRm) and simultaneously with a standard RGB camera (Trio 610). Maps of cortical activity were calculated from the image data and the quality of these maps was assessed with a spatial signal-to-noise ratio. Activity maps calculated from AxioCam MRm data showed highest SNR in six out of eight patients. In two patients the activity map calculated from Trio 610 red channel performed best overall. The Trio 610 maps calculated from red channel data performed best in three out of eight cases like the activity maps calculated from green channel data, whereas the activity map calculated from blue channel data performed best in only two cases. If the color channel with the highest SNR is chosen in each patient for comparison to AxioCam MRm, the median of the SNR (SNR
AxioCam
/SNRBestColorChannel
) is 84 % (Quartile 1 (Q1): 78 %, Quartile 3 (Q3): 99%). Results reveal that the integration of the Intraoperative Optical Imaging method into the OR and surgical workflow can be further improved by using RGB camera equipment. A robust identification of somato-sensory areas seems possible. Due to the gain of information from different wavelength bands the need for intelligent evaluation algorithms is increased and should therefore be topic of future research.
Preliminary investigations of magnetic modulated nanoparticles for microwave breast cancer detection
Authors: Ley S. , Helbig M. , Sachs J. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
This paper investigates the potential of magnetic modulated iron oxide nanoparticles in terms of a contrast enhancement for Ultra-wideband (UWB) breast imaging. The work is motivated by the low dielectric contrast between tumor and normal glandular/fibroconnective tissue. The influence of an external polarizing magnetic field on pure and coated magnetite nanoparticles is investigated in this contribution. Measurements were conducted using M-sequence UWB technology and an oil-gelatin phantom. It is shown that a coating, which is necessary for clinical use, results in a lower signal response, and thus leads to a lower detectability of magnetic modulated nanoparticles.
An IHE-conform telecooperation platform supporting the treatment of dementia patients
Authors: Saleh K. , Ammon D. , Lehnert S. , Röhr S. , Detschew V. , Specht M. , Henkel A. , Kaeding A. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Ensuring medical support of patients of advanced age in rural areas is a major challenge. Moreover, the number of registered doctors—medical specialists in particular—will decrease in such areas over the next years. These unmet medical needs in combination with communication deficiencies among different types of health-care professionals pose threats to the quality of patient treatment. This work presents a novel solution combining telemedicine, telecooperation, and IHE profiles to tackle these challenges. We present a telecooperation platform that supports longitudinal electronic patient records and allows for intersectoral cooperation based on shared electronic medication charts and other documents. Furthermore, the conceived platform allows for an integration into the planned German telematics infrastructure.
Tomographic particle image velocimetry of a water-jet for low volume harvesting of fat tissue for regenerative medicine
Authors: Drobek Christoph , Mau Robert , Seitz Hermann 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements of a water-jet for water-assisted liposuction (WAL) are carried out to investigate the distribution of velocity and therefore momentum and acting force on the human sub-cutaneous fat tissue. These results shall validate CFD simulations and force sensor measurements of the water-jet and support the development of a new WAL device that is able to harvest low volumes of fat tissue for regenerative medicine even gentler than regular WAL devices.
Sequences for real-time magnetic particle imaging
Authors: Weber Matthias , Bente Klaas , von Gladiss Anselm , Graeser Matthias , Buzug Thorsten M. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) is a new imaging modality with the potential to be a new medical tool for angiographic diagnostics. It is capable of visualizing the spatial distribution of super-paramagnetic nanoparticles in high temporal and spatial resolution. Furthermore, the new spatial encoding scheme of a field free line (FFL) promises a ten-fold higher sensitivity. So far, all know imaging devices featuring this new technique feature slow data acquisition and thus, are far away from real-time imaging capability. An actual real-time approach requires a complex field generator and an application of currents with very precise amplitude and phase. Here, we present the first implementation and calibration of a dynamic FFL field sequence enabling the acquisition of 50 MPI images per second in a mouse sized scanner.
An in-ear pulse wave velocity measurement system using heart sounds as time reference
Authors: Kusche R. , Klimach P. , Malhotra A. , Kaufmann S. , Ryschka M. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Pulse wave measurements provide vital information in medical diagnosis. For this reason, a measurement system is developed for determining the transient time of the pulse wave between the heart and the ear. To detect pressure variations in the sealed ear canal, caused by the arriving pulse wave, an in-ear sensor is developed which uses heart sounds as time reference. Furthermore, for extracting the heart sounds from the pressure measurements and calculating the pulse wave transient time, a MATLAB-based algorithm is described. An embedded microcontroller based measurement board is presented, which realizes an interface between the sensor and the computer for signal processing.
Numerical analysis of the biomechanical complications accompanying the total hip replacement with NANOS-Prosthetic: bone remodelling and prosthesis migration
Authors: Almohallami A. , Behrens B.-A. , Bouguecha A. , Lerch M. , Betancur S. , Stukenborg-Colsman C. , Nolte I. , Lucas K. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Aseptic loosening of the prosthesis is still a problem in artificial joint implants. The ýloosening can be caused by the resorption of the bone surrounding ýthe prosthesis according to stress shielding. A numerical model was developed and validated by means of DEXA-studies in order to ýanalyse the bone remodelling process in the periprosthetic bone. A total loss of about 3.7% of the bone density in the periprosthetic Femur with NANOS is computed. The bone remodelling calculation was validated by means of a DEXA-study with a 3-years-follow-up. The model was further developed in order to be able to calculate and consider the migration of the implants. This method was applied on the ýNANOS-implant with a computed total migration of about 0.43 mm. These calculations showed good results in comparison with a 2-year-follow-up clinical study, whereby a RSA-method was used to determine the stem migration in the bone. In order to ýstudy the mutual influence between the implant migration and the hip contact forces ý, a software is developed by our scientific group to couple a multi body simulation (MBS) of human lower limps with the FEA of the periprosthetic Femur.
Accelerating mono-domain cardiac electrophysiology simulations using OpenCL
Authors: Wülfers Eike M. , Zhamoliddinov Zhasur , Dössel Olaf , Seemann Gunnar 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Using OpenCL, we developed a cross-platform software to compute electrical excitation conduction in cardiac tissue. OpenCL allowed the software to run parallelized and on different computing devices (e.g., CPUs and GPUs). We used the macroscopic mono-domain model for excitation conduction and an atrial myocyte model by Courtemanche et al. for ionic currents. On a CPU with 12 HyperThreading-enabled Intel Xeon 2.7 GHz cores, we achieved a speed-up of simulations by a factor of 1.6 against existing software that uses OpenMPI. On two high-end AMD FirePro D700 GPUs the OpenCL software ran 2.4 times faster than the OpenMPI implementation. The more nodes the discretized simulation domain contained, the higher speed-ups were achieved.
Multichannel FES parameterization for controlling foot motion in paretic gait
Authors: Seel Thomas , Ruppel Mirjana , Valtin Markus , Schauer Thomas 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Stroke and other neurological disorders often lead to reduced motor function and to pathological foot motion during gait. We consider Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) of the shank muscles that control dorsiflexion (related to pitch) and eversion (related to roll) of the foot. We describe the nonlinear domain of stimulation intensities that are tolerated by subjects in combined two-channel FES via surface electrodes. Two piecewise linear parameterizations of this domain are suggested and compared in terms of the cross-couplings between the newly defined stimulation intensity coordinates and the foot motion caused during swing phase in drop foot patients walking on a treadmill. Both parameterizations are found to yield almost monotonous input-output behavior and therefore facilitate decentralized control of the foot pitch and roll angle.
Use of quantitative tremor evaluation to enhance target selection during deep brain stimulation surgery for essential tremor
Authors: Shah A. , Coste J. , Lemaire JJ. , Schkommodau E. , Hemm-Ode S. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS), an effective surgical treatment for Essential Tremor (ET), requires test stimulations in the thalamus to find the optimum site for permanent electrode implantation. During these test stimulations, the changes in tremor are only visually evaluated. This, along with other parameters, increases the subjectivity when comparing the efficacy of different thalamic nuclei. We developed a method to quantitatively evaluate tremor during the test stimulations of DBS surgery and applied to 6 ET patients undergoing this treatment. From the quantitative data collected, we identified effective stimulation amplitudes for every test stimulation position and compared it with the ones identified visually during the surgery. We also classified the data based on the thalamic nuclei in which the center of the stimulating contact was present during test stimulations. Results indicate that, to achieve the same reduction in tremor, on average, the stimulation amplitude identified by our method was 0.6 mA lower than those identified by visual evaluation. The comparison of the different thalamic nuclei showed that stimulations in the Ventro-oral and the Intermediolateral nuclei of the thalamus result in higher reduction in tremor for similar stimulation amplitudes as the frequently targeted Ventrointermediate nucleus. We conclude that our quantitative tremor evaluation method is more sensitive than the widely used visual evaluation. Using such quantitative methods will aid in identifying the optimum target structure for patients undergoing DBS.
Increasing the visibility of thin NITINOL vascular implants
Authors: Boese A. , Rose G. , Friebe M. , Hoffmann T. , Serowy S. , Skalej M. , Mailänder W. , Cattaneo G. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
New implants for vascular therapy like flow diverters are made of tiny braided wires. The radio opacity of these wires is poor, which makes assessment of implant expansion and exact positioning difficult. Additional markers only allow the estimation of the current device position, but they also induce artefacts that impair the assessment during the intervention and in follow-up examination. A new strategy to increase implant visibility is the braiding of composite wires with a radiopaque core along the whole implant. This paper shows some useful combinations of these new wires on a phantom study with five vascular implants.
Possible reasons for early artificial bone failure in biomechanical tests of ankle arthrodesis systems
Authors: Martin H. , Gutteck N. , Matthies J.-B. , Hanke T. , Gradl G. , Wohlrab D. , Mittlmeier Th. , Grabow N. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
In order to demonstrate the influence of the boundary conditions in experimental biomechanical investigations of arthrodesis implants two different models were investigated. As basic model, a simplified finite element model of the cortical bone was used in order to compare the stress values with (Model 1) and without (Model 2) allowing horizontal displacements of the load application point. The model without constraints of horizontal displacements showed considerably higher stress values at the point of failure. Moreover, this investigation shows that the boundary conditions (e.g. constraints) have to be carefully considered, since simplifications of the reality with experimental tests cannot always be avoided.
Tubular manipulators: a new concept for intracochlear positioning of an auditory prosthesis
Authors: Rau Thomas S. , Granna Josephine , Lenarz Thomas , Majdani Omid , Burgner-Kahrs Jessica 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the applicability of tubular manipulators as an actuator mechanism for intracochlear positioning of the electrode array (EA) of a cochlear implant (CI). This is motivated by the vision of an atraumatic insertion of the EA into the inner ear (cochlea) without any damage to the intracochlear structures in combination with a well-defined final position. To realize this, an actuator mechanism is required which allows consideration of the patient-specific anatomy. We propose a tubular manipulator for this task. It consists of three concentric tubes: A straight outer tube serves as a guiding sleeve to enter the inner ear (cochlea) and two additional telescoping, superelastic, helically precurved tubes. By selecting helical tube parameters of both tubes prior insertion, a patient-specific curling behaviour of the tubular manipulator can be achieved. For preliminary investigation, segmentation and skeletonization of 5 human scala tympani were performed to determine their centrelines. These centrelines were considered as individual ideal insertion paths. An optimization algorithm was developed to identify suitable tube set parameters (curvature, diameter, length, torsion, stiffness) as well as configuration parameters (translation and rotation of the 2 inner tubes). Different error values describing the deviation of the shape of the tubes with respect to the insertion path were used to quantify the optimization results. In all cases tube set parameters for a final position within the cochlea were found, while keeping the maximum error below 1mm. These preliminary results are promising in terms of the potential applicability of tubular manipulators for positioning auditory prosthesis inside the scala tympani of the inner ear.
Integration of temperature sensors in polyimide-based thin-film electrode arrays
Authors: Cruz M. F. Porto , Fiedler E. , Monjarás O. F. Cota , Stieglitz T. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Continuous monitoring of the tissue temperature surrounding implantable devices could be of great advantage. The degree and duration of the immune activation in response to the implant, which is responsible for signal deterioration, could be inferred from the associated temperature raise and the heating caused by electrical or optogenetical stimulation could be accurately controlled. Within this work, a thin-film platinum RTD embedded in polyimide and a readout system based on the Wheatstone bridge configuration are presented. The RTD offers a sensitivity of 8.5 Ω· °C−1 and a precision of 4.1 Ω. The accuracy of the complete system calibrated for temperatures ranging from 34 to 41 °C lies between the classes A and B defined by the standard IEC 751, which correspond to tolerances of ±0.22 and ±0.48 °C at 37 °C, respectively.
Risk management for medical devices in research projects
Authors: Sauter Christian , Heinloth Marion , Tobola Andreas , Pensky Nadine , Weigand Christian 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
In applied research for medical devices exists a conflict between effective research and regulations. While researchers need sufficient freedom the regulations require a complex technical documentation for a medical device. One relevant aspect of the regulations is risk management which takes time and therefore is ignored in many research projects. With adoptions to the standard the effort can be reduced: Identifying of risks can be focused on critical risks, measures can be categorised and only some categories need to be implemented. Research teams using this method can provide results which can be transferred into commercial products easier, cheaper and faster.
Mean dimension, mean rank, and von Neumann–Lück rank
Authors: Li Hanfeng , Liang Bingbing 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
We introduce an invariant, called mean rank, for any module

ℳ

{\mathcal{M}}

of the integral group ring of a discrete amenable group Γ, as an analogue of the rank of an abelian group. It is shown that the mean dimension of the induced Γ-action on the Pontryagin dual of

ℳ

{\mathcal{M}}

, the mean rank of

ℳ

{\mathcal{M}}

, and the von Neumann–Lück rank of

ℳ

{\mathcal{M}}

all coincide.
As applications, we establish an addition formula for mean dimension of algebraic actions, prove the analogue of the Pontryagin–Schnirelmann theorem for algebraic actions, and show that for elementary amenable groups with an upper bound on the orders of finite subgroups, algebraic actions with zero mean dimension are inverse limits of finite entropy actions.
Zur Ethik des Lesens
Authors: Larmore Charles 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
In this article, Charles Larmore lays out the idea of an “ethics of reading”. Its concern does not lie with the consequences of reading, but rather with our very relation as readers to what we read, with our responsibility as readers to a text in interpreting what it says. Larmore discusses at length the nature of textual interpretation in order to show that this relation of responsibility is indeed ethical in nature since it consists in a relation to another person: what a text says or means is what the author effectively intended it to say or mean. Yet the ethical nature of the reading relation is special in kind since it relates us directly, not to the author, who is absent, but to the text, which unlike a person is unable to object to how it may be mistreated - that is, deliberately or negligently misread. In this fact there appears the ultimate import of the ethics of reading: it exemplifies the very essence of ethical thinking. The moral point of view consists in seeing in another’s good a reason for action on our part, apart from all consideration of our own good. As a result, our moral character shows itself most clearly in the way we treat the vulnerable, those with little power, few resources, or no social standing, who cannot make it in our interest to treat them well. In this regard, the ethics of reading does not have to do merely with one ethical relation among others. It points to the very heart of the moral point of view.
Gibt es Individuen?
Authors: Perler Dominik 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Does Spinoza accept finite individuals as really existing things? Or does he endorse the thesis that the substance is the only thing with real existence? This paper argues that his monism does not rule out the existence of individuals that have dependent, yet real existence. Spinoza defends a form of priority monism, taking the substance to be the foundation of all finite individuals, and thereby rejects existence monism. On his view, finite individuals are “power parts”: being founded in the substance, they have their active power from it. The paper argues for this thesis by analyzing Spinoza’s definition of parts. Moreover, it pays close attention to his functional individuation of parts that makes it possible to individuate different types of “power parts” at different levels.
Mehr Mikropolitik, weniger Leben
Authors: Gehring Petra 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Vor dem Hintergrund eines hohen Mases an Zustimmung fuge ich Michael Hampes Lehren der Philosophie lediglich zwei Anmerkungen hinzu. Unter dem Stichwort „Mikropolitik“ mochte ich erstens Hampes Pladoyer fur ein nicht-doktrinares Philosophieren in methodologischer Hinsicht radikalisieren. Neben der generellen Ermutigung zu kritischer Distanz (und Devianz) rege ich an, die Formenvielfalt und die positiven Gelingensbedingungen philosophisch wirksamer Gesten auch historisch-positiv zu analysieren und dabei - diskursscharf - deren Spezifik zu betrachten. „Kritik“ ist in der Philosophie nicht nur spontaner Unruheherd, sondern besitzt einen ihrerseits kanonisch verburgten Wissenschaftsund Wahrheitsbezug. Um diesen nicht zu trivialisieren, bedarf es einer Genealogie philosophisch zu nennender Kritik. Unter dem Stichwort „Leben“ leuchte ich zweitens einen Kollektivsingular an, dem Hampe zu viel Vertrauen entgegen bringt. Empfohlen werden eine Uberprufung von Implikationen der Wortwahl und Differenzierungen in der Sache.
Family functionality and parental characteristics as determinants of sexual decision-making of in-school youths in a semi-urban area of Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Adebayo Ayodeji M. , Ajuonu Ezidinma J. , Betiku Benson O. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract

Background:
Though research findings have indicated that family characteristics have a bearing on sexual behavior, there is a paucity of published literature on the role of family functionality and parental characteristics on adolescent sexual decision-making. This study was designed to assess the role of family function and parental influence on sexual behavior of in-school youths in secondary schools in a sub-urban area of Southwest Nigeria.

Methods:
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among secondary school students using semi-structured interviewer-assisted questionnaire. Information was obtained on the sexual behavior and parent-child characteristics. Family functionality was assessed using family APGAR standardized instrument. Association was established using χ2-test for qualitative variables and t-test for quantitative variables at p=0.05.

Results:
Mean age of respondents was 14.8±2.2 years. Majority were from monogamous family setting (70.7%) and lived with their families (75.6%). About a quarter (26.8%) was from dysfunctional families and 9.2% had ever had sexual intercourse. Recent sexual engagement in the preceding 1 month was reported (47.4%). The mean score for parental monitoring, father-child communication, mother-child communication, and parental disapproval of sex were 10.4±2.2, 9.3±2.3, 9.8±2.4, and 10.4±2.3, respectively. There was a significant association between parental monitoring (t=3.9, p≤0.001), mother-child communication (t=3.03, p=0.003), and parental disapproval of sex (t=5, p≤0.001); and sexual experience.

Conclusion:
This study showed that parental influence had a vital role in the sexual behavior of young persons. Advocacy and health education interventions are needed among parents regarding their role in the sexual behavior of in-school youths.