bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of a Mutation in LACC1 With a Monogenic Form of Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Wakil Salma M. , Monies Dorota M. , Abouelhoda Mohamed , Al‐Tassan Nada , Al‐Dusery Haya , Naim Ewa A. , Al‐Younes Banan , Shinwari Jameela , Al‐Mohanna Futwan A. , Meyer Brian F. , Al‐Mayouf Sulaiman 
Published: September 2014

ObjectiveThe pathologic basis of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a subject of some controversy, with evidence for both autoimmune and autoinflammatory etiologies. Several monogenic autoinflammatory disorders have been described, but thus far, systemic JIA has only been attributed to a mutation of MEFV in rare cases and has been weakly associated with the HLA class II locus. This study was undertaken to identify the cause of an autosomal‐recessive form of systemic JIA.MethodsWe studied 13 patients with systemic JIA from 5 consanguineous families, all from the southern region of Saudi Arabia. We used linkage analysis, homozygosity mapping, and whole‐exome sequencing to identify the disease‐associated gene and mutation.ResultsLinkage analysis localized systemic JIA to a region on chromosome 13 with a maximum logarithm of odds score of 11.33, representing the strongest linkage identified to date for this disorder. Homozygosity mapping reduced the critical interval to a 1.02‐Mb region defined proximally by rs9533338 and distally by rs9595049. Whole‐exome sequencing identified a homoallelic missense mutation in LACC1, which encodes the enzyme laccase (multicopper oxidoreductase) domain–containing 1. The mutation was confirmed by Sanger sequencing and segregated with disease in all 5 families based on an autosomal‐recessive pattern of inheritance and complete penetrance.ConclusionOur findings provide strong genetic evidence of an association of a mutation in LACC1 with systemic JIA in the families studied. Association of LACC1 with Crohn's disease and leprosy has been reported and justifies investigation of its role in autoinflammatory disorders.
Social Context and the Dynamics of Cooperative Choice
Authors: Rand David G. , Newman George E. , Wurzbacher Owen M. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractRecent work using decontextualized economic games suggests that cooperation is a dynamic decision‐making process: Automatic responses typically support cooperation on average, while deliberation leads to increased selfishness. Here, we performed two studies examining how these temporal effects generalize to games with richer social context cues. Study 1 found that time pressure increased cooperation to a similar extent in games played with in‐group members and out‐group members. Study 2 found that time pressure increased cooperation to a similar extent in games described as competitions and games described as collaborations. These results show that previous positive effects of time pressure on cooperation are not unique to neutrally framed games devoid of social context and are not driven by implicit assumptions of shared group membership or cooperative norms. In doing so, our findings provide further insight into the cognitive underpinnings of cooperative decision making. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optogenetic control of signaling in mammalian cells
Authors: Beyer Hannes M. , Naumann Sebastian , Weber Wilfried , Radziwill Gerald 
Published: September 2014

AbstractMolecular signals are sensed by their respective receptors and information is transmitted and processed by a sophisticated intracellular network controlling various biological functions. Optogenetic tools allow the targeting of specific signaling nodes for a precise spatiotemporal control of downstream effects. These tools are based on photoreceptors such as phytochrome B (PhyB), cryptochrome 2, or light–oxygen–voltage‐sensing domains that reversibly bind to specific interaction partners in a light‐dependent manner. Fusions of a protein of interest to the photoreceptor or their interaction partners may enable the control of the protein function by light‐mediated dimerization, a change of subcellular localization, or due to photocaging/‐uncaging of effectors. In this review, we summarize the photoreceptors and the light‐based mechanisms utilized for the modulation of signaling events in mammalian cells focusing on non‐neuronal applications. We discuss in detail optogenetic tools and approaches applied to control signaling events mediated by second messengers, Rho GTPases and growth factor‐triggered signaling cascades namely the RAS/RAF and phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase pathways. Applying the latest generation of optogenetic tools allows to control cell fate decisions such as proliferation and differentiation or to deliver therapeutic substances in a spatiotemporally controlled manner.
Live cell imaging compatible immobilization of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in microfluidic platform for biodiesel research
Authors: Park Jae Woo , Na Sang Cheol , Nguyen Thanh Qua , Paik Sang‐Min , Kang Myeongwoo , Hong Daewha , Choi Insung S. , Lee Jae‐Hyeok , Jeon Noo Li 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTThis paper describes a novel surface immobilization method for live‐cell imaging of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii for continuous monitoring of lipid droplet accumulation. Microfluidics allows high‐throughput manipulation and analysis of single cells in precisely controlled microenvironment. Fluorescence imaging based quantitative measurement of lipid droplet accumulation in microalgae had been difficult due to their intrinsic motile behavior. We present a simple surface immobilization method using gelatin coating as the “biological glue.” We take advantage of hydroxyproline (Hyp)‐based non‐covalent interaction between gelatin and the outer cell wall of microalgae to anchor the cells inside the microfluidic device. We have continuously monitored single microalgal cells for up to 6 days. The immobilized microalgae remain viable (viability was comparable to bulk suspension cultured controls). When exposed to wall shear stress, most of the cells remain attached up to 0.1 dyne/cm2. Surface immobilization allowed high‐resolution, live‐cell imaging of mitotic process in real time‐which followed previously reported stages in mitosis of suspension cultured cells. Use of gelatin coated microfluidics devices can result in better methods for microalgae strain screening and culture condition optimization that will help microalgal biodiesel become more economically viable. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 494–501. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Transmetalation Process in Suzuki–Miyaura Reactions: Calculations Indicate Lower Barrier via Boronate Intermediate
Authors: Ortuño Manuel A. , Lledós Agustí , Maseras Feliu , Ujaque Gregori 
Published: September 2014

AbstractRecent experimental reports have called into question the validity of the boronate mechanism (through a RB(OH)3− intermediate) for the transmetalation step in the Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling, favoring instead the palladium hydroxo pathway (through an [LnPd(R′)(OH)] intermediate). Herein we report DFT calculations with the M06 functional performed on realistic model systems, including a combination of explicit solvent molecules along with a continuum method. These computational results support the boronate mechanism. The mechanistic proposal is shown to be compatible with the available experimental evidence.
Efficient Hydrogenation of Alkyl Formate to Methanol over Nanocomposite Copper/Alumina Catalysts
Authors: Du Xian‐Long , Sun Xue‐Ping , Jin Chan , Jiang Zheng , Su Dang Sheng , Wang Jian‐Qiang 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe production of methanol, an important fuel and chemical feedstock, from carbon dioxide is an important process for CO2 utilization. We describe herein a mild and efficient method for the indirect hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to methanol via a CO2‐derived formate ester intermediate by using a simple heterogeneous catalyst system comprising Cu highly dispersed in an alumina matrix under solvent‐free conditions. This catalyst is also effective for the hydrogenation of other formate esters, such as ethyl formate, propyl formate, and butyl formate.
Heterocycles from α‐Aminonitriles
Authors: Otto Nicola , Opatz Till 
Published: September 2014

AbstractOwing to their various modes of reactivity, α‐aminonitriles represent versatile building blocks for the construction of a wide range of nitrogen heterocycles. The present Concept article focuses on synthetic methodologies using their bifunctional nature which is the basis of their reactivity as α‐amino carbanions and as iminium ions. Reactions exclusively taking place on either the amine or on the nitrile moiety will not be considered.
An analytic network process and trapezoidal interval‐valued fuzzy technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution network access selection method
Authors: Skondras Emmanouil , Sgora Aggeliki , Michalas Angelos , Vergados Dimitrios D. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryNext generation wireless networks consist of many heterogeneous access technologies that should support various service types with different quality of service (QoS) constraints, as well as user, requirements and provider policies. Therefore, the need for network selection mechanisms that consider multiple factors must be addressed. In this paper, a network selection method is proposed by applying the analytic network process to estimate the weights of the selection criteria, as well as a fuzzy version of technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution to perform the ranking of network alternatives. The method is applied to a heterogeneous network environment providing different QoS classes and policy characteristics. Each user applies the method to select the most appropriate network, which satisfies his or her requirements in respect of his or her service‐level agreement (SLA). Performance evaluation shows that when the user requests only one service, the proposed method performs better compared to the original technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution, as well as the Fuzzy AHP‐ELECTRE method. Moreover, the proposed method can be applied in cases where a user requires multiple services simultaneously on a device. The sensitivity analysis of the proposed method shows that it can be properly adjusted to conform to network environment changes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Catalytic Asymmetric Michael Addition/Cyclization Cascade Reaction of 3‐Isothiocyanatooxindoles with Nitro Olefins
Authors: Kayal Satavisha , Mukherjee Santanu 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe first organocatalytic asymmetric reaction of 3‐isothiocyanatooxindoles with nitro olefins has been developed by using a cinchonidine‐derived bifunctional catalyst. The resulting products, highly functionalized 3,2′‐pyrrolidinyl‐substituted spirooxindole derivatives, were obtained in high yields with good diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities (up to dr >20:1 and er = 96:4). This Michael addition/cyclization cascade reaction employs monosubstituted nitro olefins and complements the ZnII‐catalyzed variant, which is only applicable to disubstituted nitro olefins.
2‐Nitroglycals: Versatile Building Blocks for the Synthesis of 2‐Aminoglycosides
Authors: Delaunay Thierry , Poisson Thomas , Jubault Philippe , Pannecoucke Xavier 
Published: September 2014

Abstract2‐Deoxy‐2‐amino‐substituted glycosides are ubiquitous compounds in biochemistry and biology. Therefore, the development of new synthetic pathways to access natural and non‐natural derivatives is highly desirable. In that context, 2‐nitroglycals appeared as versatile building blocks for reaching those targets. Since their first introduction almost forty years ago, their synthetic utility has been widely demonstrated and they have been used to access natural and non‐natural compounds with potent biological activity. The aim of this review is to summarize the developed routes to these versatile intermediates as well as their reactivity. The main applications of the chemistry developed with 2‐nitroglycal derivatives is also highlighted in this first review.
Preparation of Anatase Hollow TiO2 Spheres and Their Photocatalytic Activity in the Photodegradation of Chlorpyrifos
Authors: Baharvand Afrouz , Ali Rusmidah , Yusof Alias Mohd , Ibrahim Akos Noel , Chandren Sheela , Nur Hadi 
Published: September 2014

AbstractHollow anatase titania (TiO2) spheres were synthesized using fructose and tetrabutyl titanate (Ti(OC4H9)4, TBT) as the precursors via the conventional hard template method. The morphological, structural and thermal properties of the products were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG‐DTA), BrunauerEmmettTeller (BET) surface area analysis and diffuse reflectance ultraviolet visible (DR UVVis) spectroscopy. XRD revealed that the hollow TiO2 prepared was in the anatase phase and the BET surface area measured was about 22 m2 g−1. The photocatalytic activity of the synthesized hollow anatase TiO2 in the photodecomposition of chlorpyrifos was 18.67 % higher than that obtained using commercial TiO2.
One‐pot Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones Catalysed by Cupric Acetate under Solvent‐free Conditions
Authors: Kathing Chingrishon , Rani Jims World Star , Singh Nongthombam Geetmani , Tumtin Shokip , Nongrum Ridaphun , Nongkhlaw Rishanlang 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA solvent‐free synthesis of 3,4‐dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones from aromatic aldehydes, β‐keto ester/acetyl acetone and urea catalysed by cupric acetate under thermal condition is reported as a simple and an efficient protocol. Compared with classical Biginelli reaction reported in 1893, this new method provides much improved modification in terms of yield and reaction time. The usage of milder catalyst, environmental friendly procedures and excellent yields within a very short time (5–15 min) are the advantages of the method in which the involvement of solvent‐free condition adds an edge to the method. Thus, the efficiency of the protocol enabled the rapid synthesis of 3,4‐dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐one derivatives in a short duration.
Protein Distribution and Stalk Localization Following Temperature Variation in the Growth and Spiking Period of Phalaenopsis
Authors: Hsu Shan‐Te , Du Wan‐Shan , Liu Hsing‐Chin , Chen Li‐Chou , Cheng Chien‐Chung 
Published: September 2014

AbstractEvaluation of the temperature influence of proteins on the growth and spiking periods in Phalaenopsis can be achieved by proteomics. We analyzed protein variations in orchid leaves to elucidate the relationship between temperature change and the spiking process. In the growth period, protein distribution was similar in each leaf of the same orchid specimen. During cooling, the majority of protein activity is related to glycolysis during sugar consumption and carbon fixation during sugar storage. We identified three proteinsphosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), pyruvate phosphate dikinase (PPDK), and ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBisCO) large chain precursorthat may regulate stalk generation at Leaf 3 in preference to Leaf 4. One regulatory pathway involves the termination of glycolysis through a reduction in phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) concentration, which prevents the metabolism of sugars. Simultaneously, another pathway stimulates carboxylases, such as PEPC and PPDK, to produce more sugars for stalk generation. These results indicate the possibility of regulation of the spiking process of Phalaenopsis.
The nasal cavity of the sheep and its olfactory sensory epithelium
Authors: Barrios Arthur William , Sanchez Quinteiro Pablo , Salazar Ignacio 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTMacro and microdissection methods, conventional histology and immunohistochemical procedures were used to investigate the nasal cavity and turbinate complex in fetal and adult sheep, with special attention to the ethmoturbinates, the vestibular mucosa, and the septal mucosa posterior to the vomeronasal organ. The ectoturbinates, which are variable in number and size, emerge and develop later than the endoturbinates. The olfactory sensory epithelium is composed of basal cells, neurons, and sustentacular cells organized in strata, but numerous different types are distinguishable on the basis of their thickness and other properties; all variants are present on the more developed turbinates, endoturbinates II and III. Mature neurons and olfactory nerve bundles express olfactory marker protein. We found no structure with the characteristics that in mouse define the septal organ or the ganglion of Grüneberg. Our results thus suggest that in sheep olfactory sensory neurons are exclusively concentrated in the main olfactory epithelium and (to a lesser extent) in the vomeronasal organ. Microsc. Res. Tech. 77:1052–1059, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gender and age in benign vocal fold lesions
Authors: Zhukhovitskaya Alisa , Battaglia Danielle , Khosla Sid M. , Murry Thomas , Sulica Lucian 
Published: September 2014

Objective/HypothesisCertain lesions appear to occur predominantly in one gender or in younger or older patients. We examined a large sample from a treatment‐seeking population to describe gender and age associations of an array of benign vocal fold lesions.Study DesignRetrospective review.MethodsThe medical records and evaluations of all adult patients presenting for care over a 5‐year period were examined for demographic characteristics and lesion type. A total of 641 lesions in 602 patients were grouped into 13 broad categories, and prevalence was compared between male and female patients and three age groups.ResultsPseudocysts and bilateral midfold lesions occurred principally in young (18–39 years old) females (P < 0.0001). Reinke's edema was found in older (>39 years old) women (P < 0.012). Polyps, contact lesions, leukoplakia (all P < 0.0001), and sulcus (P < 0.0002) were found predominantly in men.ConclusionCertain benign mucosal lesions are strongly associated with age and especially with gender. These differences may be explained by intrinsic differences in laryngeal anatomy and phonatory physiology in these groups, including differences in phonatory frequency and air pressure, and in the ability of the membranous vocal fold to withstand phonotrauma. Such inherent differences have implications for treatment expectations and approaches.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 125:191–196, 2015
Inferior Turbinate classification system, grades 1 to 4: Development and validation study
Authors: Camacho Macario , Zaghi Soroush , Certal Victor , Abdullatif Jose , Means Casey , Acevedo Jason , Liu Stanley , Brietzke Scott E. , Kushida Clete A. , Capasso Robson 
Published: September 2014

Objectives/HypothesisTo develop a validated inferior turbinate grading scale.Study DesignDevelopment and validation study.MethodsPhase 1 development (alpha test) consisted of a proposal of 10 different inferior turbinate grading scales (>1,000 clinic patients). Phase 2 validation (beta test) utilized 10 providers grading 27 standardized endoscopic photos of inferior turbinates using two different classification systems. Phase 3 validation (pilot study) consisted of 100 live consecutive clinic patients (n = 200 inferior turbinates) who were each prospectively graded by 18 different combinations of two independent raters, and grading was repeated by each of the same two raters, two separate times for each patient.ResultsIn the development phase, 25% (grades 1–4) and 33% (grades 1–4) were the most useful systems. In the validation phase, the 25% classification system was found to be the best balance between potential clinical utility and ability to grade; the photo grading demonstrated a Cohen's kappa (κ) = 0.4671 ± 0.0082 (moderate inter‐rater agreement). Live‐patient grading with the 25% classification system demonstrated an overall inter‐rater reliability of 71.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 64.8–77.3), with overall substantial agreement (κ = 0.704 ± 0.028). Intrarater reliability was 91.5% (95% CI: 88.7–94.3). Distribution for the 200 inferior turbinates was as follows: 25% quartile = grade 1, 50% quartile (median) = grade 2, 75% quartile = grade 3, and 90% quartile = grade 4. Mean turbinate size was 2.22 (95% CI: 2.07‐2.34; standard deviation 1.02). Categorical κ was as follows: grade 1, 0.8541 ± 0.0289; grade 2, 0.7310 ± 0.0289; grade 3, 0.6997 ± 0.0289, and grade 4, 0.7760 ± 0.0289.ConclusionsThe 25% (grades 1–4) inferior turbinate classification system is a validated grading scale with high intrarater and inter‐rater reliability. This system can facilitate future research by tracking the effect of interventions on inferior turbinates.Level of Evidence2c Laryngoscope, 125:296–302, 2015
In vivo vocal fold cover layer replacement
Authors: Long Jennifer , Salinas Jonathan , Rafizadeh Sassan , Luegmair Georg , Zhang Zhaoyan , Chhetri Dinesh 
Published: September 2014

Objectives/HypothesisAn animal vocal fold replacement model is needed to investigate treatments for vocal fold scarring. We developed a rabbit surgical model, hypothesizing that orthotopic vocal fold cover implants would attach and survive. We further hypothesized that superficial scarring would be limited, allowing unimpeded vibration.Study DesignTranslational research: animal surgical study.MethodsRabbit vocal fold covers were excised and immediately reimplanted. After 4 weeks, rabbits were phonated and vibration was recorded with high‐speed videography. Larynges were then excised, elastic moduli measured by indentation, and covers sectioned for histology.ResultsFive of six rabbits survived. Phonation was achieved in all, with mucosal waves evident. Elastic modulus did not differ significantly from contralateral uninjured control vocal folds. Histology demonstrated epithelial integrity, partial preservation of elastic fibers, and variable degrees of collagen deposition.ConclusionsVocal fold cover implantation in rabbits is feasible, and grafts survived. Attachment onto the thyroarytenoid muscle prevented excessive scarring, maintained tissue mechanics, and preserved mucosal vibration.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 125:406–411, 2015
Preclinical models: Needed in translation? A Pro/Con debate
Authors: Philips Thomas , Rothstein Jeffrey D. , Pouladi Mahmoud A. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTThe discovery of the causative mutations and many of the predisposing risk factors for neurodegenerative disorders such as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's disease (HD), has led to the development of a large number of genetic animal models of disease. In the case of HD, for example, over 20 different transgenic rodent models have been generated. These models have been of immense value in providing novel insights into mechanisms of disease, with the promise of accelerating the development of therapies that can delay the onset or slow the progression of the disease. Yet, despite extensive use of such models, no effective treatment for HD has been developed. Here, we discuss the value of animal models, highlighting their strengths and shortcomings in the context of translational research for HD. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society