bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recreational drug use and binge drinking: Stimulant but not cannabis intoxication is associated with excessive alcohol consumption
Authors: McKetin Rebecca , Chalmers Jenny , Sunderland Matthew , Bright David A. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIntroduction and AimsBinge drinking is elevated among recreational drug users, but it is not clear whether this elevation is related to intoxication with recreational drugs. We examined whether stimulant intoxication and cannabis intoxication were associated with binge drinking among young adults.Design and MethodsAn online survey of 18‐ to 30‐year‐old Australians who had drunk alcohol in the past year (n = 1994) were quota sampled for: (i) past year ecstasy use (n = 497); (ii) past year cannabis (but not ecstasy) use (n = 688); and (iii) no ecstasy or cannabis use in the past year (alcohol‐only group, n = 809). Binge drinking last Saturday night (five or more drinks) was compared for participants who took stimulants (ecstasy, cocaine, amphetamine or methamphetamine) or cannabis last Saturday night.ResultsEcstasy users who were intoxicated with stimulants (n = 91) were more likely to binge drink than ecstasy users who were not (n = 406) (89% vs. 67%), after adjusting for demographics, poly‐drug use and intoxication with cannabis and energy drinks (adjusted odds ratio 3.1, P = 0.007), drinking a median of 20 drinks (cf. 10 drinks among other ecstasy users). Cannabis intoxication was not associated with binge drinking among cannabis users (57% vs. 55%) or ecstasy users (73% vs. 71%). Binge drinking was more common in all of these groups than in the alcohol‐only group (34%).Discussion and ConclusionsStimulant intoxication, but not cannabis intoxication, is associated with binge drinking among young adults, compounding already high rates of binge drinking among people who use these drugs. [McKetin R, Chalmers J, Sunderland M, Bright DA. Recreational drug use and binge drinking: Stimulant but not cannabis intoxication is associated with excessive alcohol consumption. Drug Alcohol Rev 2014;33:436–445]
Environmental characteristics associated with alcohol intoxication among patrons in Brazilian nightclubs
Authors: Carlini Claudia , Andreoni Solange , Martins Silvia S. , Benjamin Miguel , Sanudo Adriana , Sanchez Zila M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIntroductionFew studies have investigated the association between environmental factors and patrons' binge drinking in nightclubs, and such studies are rare in developing countries.ObjectiveTo identify environmental factors associated with binge drinking among patrons in nightclubs in São Paulo, Brazil, using a mixed‐methods design.MethodThe study used a two‐stage cluster sampling survey design. Two levels of data were collected: observational data and portal survey data. Individual‐level data were collected by a portal survey of 2422 subjects at the entrance and 1822 subjects at the exit of 31 nightclubs. Weighted multilevel analysis was used to investigate the association between patrons' binge drinking (as measured by breath alcohol concentration ≥0.38 mg L−1) at nightclub exit, with environmental‐level variables collected through observation and controlled for individual‐level data.ResultsPre‐drinking was the variable most strongly associated with binge drinking BrAC levels when exiting the venue [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 5.98, 95% confidence interval (CI) [4.37, 8.17], P < 0.001). The environmental variables significantly associated with binge drinking were ‘all you can drink’ service (aOR = 2.44, 95% CI [1.03, 0.79]; P = 0.043), two or more dance floors (aOR = 1.92, 95% CI [1.16, 3.18]; P = 0.011), and higher sound levels (aOR = 1.04 per each decibel increased, 95% CI [1.01, 1.08]; P = 0.048). Data triangulation showed an association between lower alcohol intoxication and ketamine use in three LGBT nightclubs.DiscussionPre‐drinking showed that individual‐level characteristics could be more important in binge drinking than the venues' environmental characteristics. Previous studies failed to include pre‐drinking in environmental analysis.ConclusionEnvironmental control interventions, isolated from individual‐level approaches, may have limited efficacy in the prevention of alcohol abuse in nightclubs. [Carlini C, Andreoni S, Martins SS, Benjamin MM, Sanudo A, Sanchez ZM. Environmental characteristics associated with alcohol intoxication among patrons in Brazilian nightclubs. Drug Alcohol Rev 2014;33:358–366]
Do pre‐drinkers consume more alcohol than non‐pre‐drinkers on an event‐specific night out? A cross‐national panel mobile survey of young people's drinking in England and Denmark
Authors: Østergaard Jeanette , Skov Peter R. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIntroduction and AimsYoung people drinking heavily before going out to bars and clubs is associated with alcohol‐related harm and therefore of great public concern. This study examines whether pre‐drinkers consume more alcohol than non‐pre‐drinkers on an event‐specific night out in England and Denmark—two European countries known for their excessive youth drinking.Design and MethodsAn event‐specific survey of 1298 young people conducted in 50 bars, pubs and nightclubs in England and Denmark and follow‐up interviews conducted via mobile surveys (n = 580). The questionnaire measured demographics, socioeconomic status, frequency of intoxication and alcohol unit intake before and during the young people's night out.ResultsA mixed linear model performed on the panel mobile survey shows that pre‐drinkers in England and Denmark consume 9.185 (P < 0.001) and 7.554 (P < 0.001) units, respectively, more than the non‐pre‐drinkers. However, in both countries pre‐drinkers consume 3.430 (P < 0.05) and 3.141 (P < 0.001) units less alcohol on‐premises than the non‐pre‐drinkers.Discussion and ConclusionPre‐drinking is a widespread phenomenon in England and Denmark, with more than half of young people pre‐drinking on an event‐specific night out. Pre‐drinking contributes significantly to high‐intensity drinking, as it does not preclude further drinking in bars, clubs and pubs. Thus, pre‐drinking is a major target for public measures seeking to reduce young people's intoxication‐related drinking and alcohol‐related harm. [Østergaard J, Skov PR. Do pre‐drinkers consume more alcohol than non‐pre‐drinkers on an event‐specific night out? A cross‐national panel mobile survey of young people's drinking in England and Denmark. Drug Alcohol Rev 2014;33:376–384]
College students' daily‐level reasons for not drinking
Authors: O'Hara Ross E. , Armeli Stephen , Tennen Howard 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIntroduction and AimsMotivational models of alcohol use posit opposing approach and avoidance motives related to drinking, yet no micro‐longitudinal study of college students has examined avoidance motives [i.e. reasons for not drinking (RND)]. This exploratory study examined daily‐ and person‐level correlates of students' RNDs to identify factors that may inhibit alcohol use.Design and MethodsCollege students (n = 1631; 54% female) participated in a 30‐day daily diary study in which they reported RNDs for non‐drinking evenings, as well as daily moods, global drinking motives and alcohol expectancies.ResultsDaily sadness was positively associated with not drinking due to having nobody with whom to drink but negatively associated with not drinking due to school work. Daily anxiety was negatively associated with not drinking due to lack of desire and positively associated with not drinking due to habit or having school or job responsibilities. At the person level, multiple RNDs were associated with both coping and conformity motives (but not social or enhancement motives), as well as positive (but not negative) alcohol expectancies.Discussion and ConclusionsResults demonstrate the complexity of modelling mood‐drinking contingencies proposed by motivational theories of alcohol use. Distinct moods may promote or inhibit drinking through various pathways, which could help explain the weak associations between daily mood and drinking level observed in previous studies. Measuring reasons both for and against drinking in micro‐longitudinal studies (e.g. daily diaries) is recommended to better understand the processes underlying alcohol use and to inform future prevention efforts. [O'Hara RE, Armeli S, Tennen H. College students' daily‐level reasons for not drinking. Drug Alcohol Rev 2014;33:412–419]
Moderne Wundtherapie – praktische Aspekte der lokalen, nicht‐interventionellen Behandlung von Patienten mit chronischen Wunden
Authors: Dissemond Joachim , Augustin Matthias , Eming Sabine A. , Goerge Tobias , Horn Thomas , Karrer Sigrid , Schumann Hauke , Stücker Markus 
Published: July 2014

ZusammenfassungDie Behandlung von Patienten mit chronischen Wunden gestaltet sich zunehmend komplexer. Es war daher das Ziel der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Wundheilung (AGW) der DDG die aktuell relevanten Aspekte der nicht‐interventionellen, lokalen Wundbehandlung für den Praxisalltag in einem Übersichtsartikel darzustellen. Neben den notwendigen Maßnahmen wie Wundsäuberung und Debridement werden die gängigen Wundauflagen, deren Indikation sowie die praktische Anwendung beschrieben. Moderne Antiseptika, die heute in der Wundtherapie eingesetzt werden, beinhalten meist Polihexanid oder Octenidin. Es können für verschiedene weitere Aspekte der Wundbehandlung physikalische Verfahren wie beispielsweise Unterdrucktherapien eingesetzt werden. Wichtig ist es zudem, die oft relevante Schmerzsymptomatik der Patienten zu erfassen und adäquat zu behandeln. Die moderne feuchte Wundtherapie kann in der Behandlung von Patienten mit chronischen Wunden die Heilung unterstützen, sie kann Komplikationen vermindern und die Lebensqualität verbessern. Gemeinsam mit einer Therapie der zugrundeliegenden Ursachen ist die moderne Wundtherapie damit ein wichtiger Aspekt in dem therapeutischen Gesamtkonzept bei diesen Patienten.
Current trends in patch testing – new data from the German Contact Dermatitis Research Group (DKG) and the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK)
Authors: Mahler Vera , Geier Johannes , Schnuch Axel 
Published: July 2014

SummaryBackground and objectivesThe relevance of contact allergens is subject to constant change due to changing exposures according to consumers’ preferences and legal requirements. The objective of this paper is to present trends in contact sensitization from the DKG and IVDK patch test clinics, which have led to changes in the DKG standard series (as of 1.1.2014), as well as the current legal framework which has influenced these trends and the way patch testing is performed.Patients and methodsThe patients from 56 DKG and IVDK patch test clinics from 2010 (n = 13,117), 2011 (n = 13,320) and 2012 (n = 12,529) were analyzed with regard to frequencies of sensitization (hit list) to contact allergens as well as the location of allergic contact dermatitis.ResultsWith a sensitization rate of 15 % nickel is still the most frequently recognized contact allergen. An increase can be observed for fragrance mix I (9.1 %), the preservative composition of methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI) (4.5 %) and methylisothiazolinone (MI) alone (6.8 %). A decline is present for potassium dichromate from above 6 % (2007) to 3 % (2012) and for bufexamac (currently at 0.6 %). Backgrounds, legal requirements and resulting changes to the DKG standard series are illustrated.ConclusionsThe indicated trends demonstrate the relevance of clinical epidemiology and the “sentinel function” of DKG and IVDK with regard to public health and prevention of contact allergies.
Trichophyton species of Arthroderma benhamiae – a new infectious agent in dermatology
Authors: Nenoff Pietro , Uhrlaß Silke , Krüger Constanze , Erhard Marcel , Hipler Uta‐Christina , Seyfarth Florian , Herrmann Jürgen , Wetzig Tino , Schroedl Wieland , Gräser Yvonne 
Published: July 2014

SummaryIn Germany, infections due to the zoophilic dermatophyte Trichophyton (T.) species of Arthroderma benhamiae are being more frequently diagnosed. The source of infection of this emerging pathogen overlaps with that of the zoophilic species T. interdigitale. The most common source are guinea pigs. T. species of Arthroderma benhamiae causes inflammatory dermatophytosis in children and adolescents. In addition to tinea capitis, it may cause both tinea corporis, tinea manus and frequently tinea faciei. In Germany, T. species of Arthroderma benhamiae is a frequent zoophilic dermatophyte, which in regions is probably more frequent than Microsporum canis. The mycological identification of the isolates with their yellow stained colonies is based on their macroscopic and microscopic features. However, some exhibit colony features consistent with those of T. interdigitale. These strains only can be identified unambiguously by means of molecular techniques. Using detection methods such as PCR‐ELISA or real‐time PCR, the dermatophyte can be identified directly from clinical material. Sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of the ribosomal DNA has been approved as culture confirmation test for T. species of Arthroderma benhamiae. In addition, matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF MS) is useful. Widespread dermatophytosis due to T. species of Arthroderma benhamiae, in particular of tinea capitis, requires oral antifungal agents. Terbinafine is most effective, alternatives are fluconazole and itraconazole.
The clinical utility of Multiplate analyser measurement in platelet function testing following stroke and transient ischaemic attack
Authors: Mannu Gurdeep S. , Macartney Alistair , Lambert Jonathan R. A. , Bettencourt‐Silva Joao H. , Lawn Mark , Lyall Hamish , Metcalf Anthony Kneale , Potter John F. , Wood John , Clark Allan , Baglin Trevor , Myint Phyo Kyaw , Bowles Kristian M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundPlatelet responsiveness to aspirin in people with cerebrovascular disease is poorly understood.ObjectivesTo determine: (i) normal reference range, imprecision and reproducibility of the Multiplate instrument in healthy volunteers naive to aspirin; (ii) imprecision and reproducibility of the Multiplate instrument in acute stroke and transient ischaemic attack (TIA); (iii) the relationship between aspirin responsiveness and clinical outcome.Materials and MethodsWe evaluated platelet function response to three agonists [Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP), Arachidonic Acid (AA), Collagen (Col)] using the Mulitplate platelet function analyser in a two‐phase pilot study. In phase 1, we recruited healthy volunteers to determine the normal reference range and imprecision of the Multiplate instrument. In phase 2, we assessed platelet function in acute stroke or TIA patients presenting to hospital. These patients were bled within 24 h of presentation and between 12 and 24 h after ≥75 mg dose of Aspirin. Patients were followed up to 1 yr to assess mortality and recurrent cardiovascular event.ResultsOverall, 29 healthy volunteers and 81 stroke/TIA patients were recruited. On assessing components of variance, Multiplate testing is reproducible and precise in volunteers and stroke/TIA patients. In stroke patients receiving aspirin, Bland–Altman plots show initial day 1 measurement provided a reliable measure of continuing response to aspirin at day 3. We defined one‐third of patients as aspirin resistant [31.8% (95% CI: 22.1%–42.8%)] using cut off mean aggregation of ≥23.08% for AA and mean aggregation of ≥80.76% for ADP.ConclusionThe Multiplate device gives reproducible, precise results in volunteers and stroke/TIA patients.
Antibody‐based therapies in B‐cell lineage acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Le Jeune Caroline , Thomas Xavier 
Published: July 2014

AbstractTargeted therapies represent a major breakthrough in the treatment of adult acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Because lymphoblastic leukaemia cells express a variety of specific antigens, those ones can serve as targets for monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs). Anti‐CD20 (rituximab), anti‐CD19 (blinatumomab, SAR3419), anti‐CD22 (epratuzumab, inotuzumab ozogamicin) and anti‐CD52 (alemtuzumab) have therefore been developed. Possible strategies even include recruitment of CD3 cytotoxic T cells (blinatumomab) or adoptive T‐cell therapy by gene transfer of CD19‐chimeric antigen receptors (CD19‐CARs). Recent data show that antibody‐based therapy is a highly promising treatment approach. However, optimal treatment approach still needs to be defined.
Consciousness as a useful concept in epilepsy classification
Authors: Blumenfeld Hal , Meador Kimford J. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryImpaired consciousness has important practical consequences for people living with epilepsy. Recent pathophysiologic studies show that seizures with impaired level of consciousness always affect widespread cortical networks and subcortical arousal systems. In light of these findings and their clinical significance, efforts are underway to revise the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) 2010 report to include impaired consciousness in the classification of seizures. Lüders and colleagues have presented one such effort, which we discuss here. We then propose an alternative classification of impaired consciousness in epilepsy based on functional neuroanatomy. Some seizures involve focal cortical regions and cause selective deficits in the content of consciousness but without impaired overall level of consciousness or awareness. These include focal aware conscious seizures (FACS) with lower order cortical deficits such as somatosensory or visual impairment as well as FACS with higher cognitive deficits including ictal aphasia or isolated epileptic amnesia. Another category applies to seizures with impaired level of consciousness leading to deficits in multiple cognitive domains. For this category, we believe the terms “dyscognitive” or “dialeptic” should be avoided because they may create confusion. Instead we propose that seizures with impaired level of consciousness be described based on underlying pathophysiology. Widespread moderately severe deficits in corticothalamic function are seen in absence seizures and in focal impaired consciousness seizures (FICS), including many temporal lobe seizures and other focal seizures with impaired consciousness. Some simple responses or automatisms may be preserved in these seizures. In contrast, generalized tonic–clonic seizures usually produce widespread severe deficits in corticothalamic function causing loss of all meaningful responses. Further work is needed to understand and prevent impaired consciousness in epilepsy, but the first step is to keep this crucial practical and physiologic aspect of seizures front‐and‐center in our discussions.
Proposal: Different types of alteration and loss of consciousness in epilepsy
Authors: Lüders Hans , Amina Shahram , Bailey Christopher , Baumgartner Christoph , Benbadis Selim , Bermeo Adriana , Carreño Maria , Devereaux Michael , Diehl Beate , Eccher Matthew , Edwards Jonathan , Fastenau Philip , Fernandez Baca‐Vaca Guadalupe , Godoy Jaime , Hamer Hajo , Hong Seung Bong , Ikeda Akio , Kahane Philippe , Kaiboriboon Kitti , Kalamangalam Giridhar , Lardizabal David , Lhatoo Samden , Lüders Jürgen , Mani Jayanti , Mayor Carlos , Mesa Latorre Tomas , Miller Jonathan , Morris Harold H. , Noachtar Soheyl , O'Donovan Cormac , Park Jun , Perez‐Jimenez Maria Angeles , Rona Sabine , Rosenow Felix , Shahid Asim , Schuele Stephan , Skidmore Christopher , Steinhoff Bernhard , Szabó Charles Á. , Sweet Jennifer , Tandon Nitin , Tanner Adriana , Tsuji Sadatoshi 
Published: July 2014

SummaryThere are at least five types of alterations of consciousness that occur during epileptic seizures: auras with illusions or hallucinations, dyscognitive seizures, epileptic delirium, dialeptic seizures, and epileptic coma. Each of these types of alterations of consciousness has a specific semiology and a distinct pathophysiologic mechanism. In this proposal we emphasize the need to clearly define each of these alterations/loss of consciousness and to apply this terminology in semiologic descriptions and classifications of epileptic seizures. The proposal is a consensus opinion of experienced epileptologists, and it is hoped that it will lead to systematic studies that will allow a scientific characterization of the different types of alterations/loss of consciousness described in this article.
Antipsoriatic treatment extends beyond the skin: recovering of high‐density lipoprotein function
Authors: Marsche Gunther , Holzer Michael , Wolf Peter 
Published: July 2014

AbstractEpidemiological and clinical studies have shown a consistent association of psoriasis with systemic metabolic disorders including an increased prevalence of diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular disease. Psoriasis is accompanied by systemic inflammation and low levels of high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Recent studies provided clear evidence that psoriasis affects HDL composition and function. HDL isolated from patients with psoriasis showed a significantly impaired capability to mobilize cholesterol from macrophages, a crucial step in reverse cholesterol transport and markedly lower paraoxonase activity, a protein that co‐transports with HDL in serum with well‐known anti‐atherogenic properties. Of particular interest, successful antipsoriatic therapy significantly improved HDL composition and function independently of serum HDL cholesterol levels. These novel findings suggest that the conventional approaches of evaluating cardiovascular risk in psoriasis may be in need of refinement. As these data argue for a loss of beneficial activities of HDL in patients with psoriasis, altered HDL functionality should be considered when evaluating the lipid status of patients.
Mitochondrial dysfunction: a neglected component of skin diseases
Authors: Feichtinger René G. , Sperl Wolfgang , Bauer Johann W. , Kofler Barbara 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAberrant mitochondrial structure and function influence tissue homeostasis and thereby contribute to multiple human disorders and ageing. Ten per cent of patients with primary mitochondrial disorders present skin manifestations that can be categorized into hair abnormalities, rashes, pigmentation abnormalities and acrocyanosis. Less attention has been paid to the fact that several disorders of the skin are linked to alterations of mitochondrial energy metabolism. This review article summarizes the contribution of mitochondrial pathology to both common and rare skin diseases. We explore the intriguing observation that a wide array of skin disorders presents with primary or secondary mitochondrial pathology and that a variety of molecular defects can cause dysfunctional mitochondria. Among them are mutations in mitochondrial‐ and nuclear DNA‐encoded subunits and assembly factors of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes; mutations in intermediate filament proteins involved in linking, moving and shaping of mitochondria; and disorders of mitochondrial DNA metabolism, fatty acid metabolism and heme synthesis. Thus, we assume that mitochondrial involvement is the rule rather than the exception in skin diseases. We conclude the article by discussing how improving mitochondrial function can be beneficial for aged skin and can be used as an adjunct therapy for certain skin disorders. Consideration of mitochondrial energy metabolism in the skin creates a new perspective for both dermatologists and experts in metabolic disease.