bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Stromal Cell Niche for Human and Mouse Type 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells
Authors: Hoorweg Kerim , Narang Priyanka , Li Zhi , Thuery Anne , Papazian Natalie , Withers David R. , Coles Mark C. , Cupedo Tom 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Adaptive immunity critically depends on the functional compartmentalization of secondary lymphoid organs. Mesenchymal stromal cells create and maintain specialized niches that support survival, activation, and expansion of T and B cells, and integrated analysis of lymphocytes and their niche has been instrumental in understanding adaptive immunity. Lymphoid organs are also home to type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3), innate effector cells essential for barrier immunity. However, a specialized stromal niche for ILC3 has not been identified. A novel lineage-tracing approach now identifies a subset of murine fetal lymphoid tissue organizer cells that gives rise exclusively to adult marginal reticular cells. Moreover, both cell types are conserved from mice to humans and colocalize with ILC3 in secondary lymphoid tissues throughout life. In sum, we provide evidence that fetal stromal organizers give rise to adult marginal reticular cells and form a dedicated stromal niche for innate ILC3 in adaptive lymphoid organs.
A Tumor Mitochondria Vaccine Protects against Experimental Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Pierini Stefano , Fang Chongyun , Rafail Stavros , Facciponte John G. , Huang Jialing , De Sanctis Francesco , Morgan Mark A. , Uribe-Herranz Mireia , Tanyi Janos L. , Facciabene Andrea 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Mitochondria provide energy for cells via oxidative phosphorylation. Reactive oxygen species, a byproduct of this mitochondrial respiration, can damage mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and somatic mtDNA mutations have been found in all colorectal, ovarian, breast, urinary bladder, kidney, lung, and pancreatic tumors studied. The resulting altered mitochondrial proteins or tumor-associated mitochondrial Ags (TAMAs) are potentially immunogenic, suggesting that they may be targetable Ags for cancer immunotherapy. In this article, we show that the RENCA tumor cell line harbors TAMAs that can drive an antitumor immune response. We generated a cellular tumor vaccine by pulsing dendritic cells with enriched mitochondrial proteins from RENCA cells. Our dendritic cell–based RENCA mitochondrial lysate vaccine elicited a cytotoxic T cell response in vivo and conferred durable protection against challenge with RENCA cells when used in a prophylactic or therapeutic setting. By sequencing mtDNA from RENCA cells, we identified two mutated molecules: COX1 and ND5. Peptide vaccines generated from mitochondrial-encoded COX1 but not from ND5 had therapeutic properties similar to RENCA mitochondrial protein preparation. Thus, TAMAs can elicit effective antitumor immune responses, potentially providing a new immunotherapeutic strategy to treat cancer.
Deleted in Breast Cancer 1 Suppresses B Cell Activation through RelB and Is Regulated by IKKα Phosphorylation
Authors: Kong Sinyi , Dong Hongxin , Song Jianxun , Thiruppathi Muthusamy , Prabhakar Bellur S. , Qiu Quan , Lin Zhenghong , Chini Eduardo , Zhang Bin , Fang Deyu 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Alternative NF-κB signaling is crucial for B cell activation and Ig production, and it is mainly regulated by the inhibitor of κ B kinase (IKK) regulatory complex. Dysregulation of alternative NF-κB signaling in B cells could therefore lead to hyperactive B cells and Ig overproduction. In our previous, study we found that deleted in breast cancer 1 (DBC1) is a suppressor of the alternative NF-κB pathway to attenuate B cell activation. In this study, we report that loss of DBC1 results in spontaneous overproduction of Ig in mice after 10 mo of age. Using a double mutant genetic model, we confirm that DBC1 suppresses B cell activation through RelB inhibition. At the molecular level, we show that DBC1 interacts with alternative NF-κB members RelB and p52 through its leucine zipper domain. In addition, phosphorylation of DBC1 at its C terminus by IKKα facilitates its interaction with RelB and IKKα, indicating that DBC1-mediated suppression of alternative NF-κB is regulated by IKKα. Our results define the molecular mechanism of DBC1 inhibition of alternative NF-κB activation in suppressing B cell activation.
Signal Strength and Metabolic Requirements Control Cytokine-Induced Th17 Differentiation of Uncommitted Human T Cells
Authors: Kastirr Ilko , Crosti Mariacristina , Maglie Stefano , Paroni Moira , Steckel Bodo , Moro Monica , Pagani Massimilliano , Abrignani Sergio , Geginat Jens 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
IL-17 production defines Th17 cells, which orchestrate immune responses and autoimmune diseases. Human Th17 cells can be efficiently generated with appropriate cytokines from precommitted precursors, but the requirements of uncommitted T cells are still ill defined. In standard human Th17 cultures, IL-17 production was restricted to CCR6+CD45RA+ T cells, which expressed CD95 and produced IL-17 ex vivo, identifying them as Th17 memory stem cells. Uncommitted naive CD4+ T cells upregulated CCR6, RORC2, and IL-23R expression with Th17-promoting cytokines but in addition required sustained TCR stimulation, late mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity, and HIF-1α to produce IL-17. However, in standard high-density cultures, nutrients like glucose and amino acids became progressively limiting, and mTOR activity was consequently not sustained, despite ongoing TCR stimulation and T cell proliferation. Sustained, nutrient-dependent mTOR activity also induced spontaneous IL-22 and IFN-γ production, but these cytokines had also unique metabolic requirements. Thus, glucose promoted IL-12–independent Th1 differentiation, whereas aromatic amino acid–derived AHR ligands were selectively required for IL-22 production. The identification of Th17 memory stem cells and the stimulation requirements for induced human Th17/22 differentiation have important implications for T cell biology and for therapies targeting the mTOR pathway.
Adaptive Immunity to Leukemia Is Inhibited by Cross-Reactive Induced Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Manlove Luke S. , Berquam-Vrieze Katherine E. , Pauken Kristen E. , Williams Richard T. , Jenkins Marc K. , Farrar Michael A. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
BCR-ABL+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients have transient responses to current therapies. However, the fusion of BCR to ABL generates a potential leukemia-specific Ag that could be a target for immunotherapy. We demonstrate that the immune system can limit BCR-ABL+ leukemia progression although ultimately this immune response fails. To address how BCR-ABL+ leukemia escapes immune surveillance, we developed a peptide: MHC class II tetramer that labels endogenous BCR-ABL–specific CD4+ T cells. Naive mice harbored a small population of BCR-ABL–specific T cells that proliferated modestly upon immunization. The small number of naive BCR-ABL–specific T cells was due to negative selection in the thymus, which depleted BCR-ABL–specific T cells. Consistent with this observation, we saw that BCR-ABL–specific T cells were cross-reactive with an endogenous peptide derived from ABL. Despite this cross-reactivity, the remaining population of BCR-ABL reactive T cells proliferated upon immunization with the BCR-ABL fusion peptide and adjuvant. In response to BCR-ABL+ leukemia, BCR-ABL–specific T cells proliferated and converted into regulatory T (Treg) cells, a process that was dependent on cross-reactivity with self-antigen, TGF-β1, and MHC class II Ag presentation by leukemic cells. Treg cells were critical for leukemia progression in C57BL/6 mice, as transient Treg cell ablation led to extended survival of leukemic mice. Thus, BCR-ABL+ leukemia actively suppresses antileukemia immune responses by converting cross-reactive leukemia-specific T cells into Treg cells.
Comparing the Use of Uterine Artery Embolization to Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonists in Shrinking Fibroid Size: A Pilot Study in Kazakhstan
Authors: Imankulova Balkenzhe , Mereke Alibek , Kamzaeva Nazira , Ukybassova Talshyn 
Published: September 2015

Introduction: Uterine fibroids are the most common benign tumor in women in Kazakhstan. In the past two decades, endoscopic surgery has played an important role in the development of gynecologic surgery, particularly in the treatment of uterine fibroids. The goal of this paper is to evaluate whether uterine artery embolization (UAE) or gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa) prior to myomectomy was more effective in decreasing fibroid size and improving surgical outcomes in a pilot study of women in Kazakhstan.Methods: This pilot investigation included 24 patients separated into 2 groups: medication group (pre-treatment with GnRHa – 13 patients) and embolization group (pre-treatment with UAE – 11 patients). All patients had uterine fibroids, 3-10 cm in diameter, and were treated with myomectomy at the National Research Center for Maternal and Child Health, Astana, Kazakhstan. All patient data were obtained by a retrospective medical records review. Descriptive statistics were utilized to characterize participant demographics data. Independent t-tests were used to analyze continuous variables, and Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were used where appropriate for count data.Results: The group treated with GnRHa had an operating time of 40±10 minutes longer than the group treated with UAE, due to the peri-operative difficulties encountered by surgeons in detecting the layer between the myometrium and fibroid capsule. The group treated with UAE experienced better patient outcomes (less blood loss, less surgical time, and reduced use of anesthesia) and was a technically easier surgery due to visible differences in uterine layers.Conclusions: Despite the fact that both treatments (GnRHa and UAE) were effective for fibroid shrinking, embolization resulted in more optimal surgical time and improved patient outcomes. Results of this pilot study need to be confirmed in a randomized clinical trial, specifically focused on Kazakhstan and the Central Asian Region.
Freedom of Religion, Inc.: Whose Sovereignty?
Authors: Cohen Jean L. 
Published: September 2015

Freedom of Religion, Inc.: Whose Sovereignty?
This article focuses on an expansive conception of religious freedom propagated by a vocal group of American legal scholars – jurisdictional pluralists – often working with well-funded conservative foundations and influencing accommodation decisions throughout the US. I show that the proliferation of ‘accommodation’ claims in the name of church autonomy and religious conscience entailing exemption from civil regulation and anti-discrimination laws required by justice have a deep structure that has little to do with fairness or inclusion or liberal pluralism. Instead they are tantamount to sovereignty claims, involving powers and immunities for the religious, implicitly referring to another, higher law and sovereign than the constitution or the people. The twenty-first century version of older pluralist ‘freedom of religion’ discourses also rejects the comprehensive jurisdiction and scope of public, civil law – this time challenging the ‘monistic sovereignty’ of the democratic constitutional state. I argue that the jurisdictional pluralist approach to religious freedom challenges liberal democratic constitutionalism at its core and should be resisted wherever it arises.
Group Pluralism versus Group Accommodation
Authors: Eisenberg Avigail 
Published: September 2015

Group Pluralism versus Group Accommodation
In this paper, I sharply distinguish between religious group-based pluralism and religious accommodation, which are each reflected in the cases examined in Jean Cohen’s paper and thereby provide a clearer understanding of different kinds of challenges to protecting religious freedom today and explain how these two approaches sometimes pull interpretations of religious freedom in different directions.
Disaggregating Corporate Freedom of Religion
Authors: Lægaard Sune 
Published: September 2015

Disaggregating Corporate Freedom of Religion
The paper investigates arguments for the idea in recent American Supreme Court jurisprudence that freedom of religion should not simply be understood as an ordinary legal right within the framework of liberal constitutionalism but as an expression of deference by the state and its legal system to religion as a separate and independent jurisdiction with its own system of law over which religious groups are sovereign. I discuss the relationship between, on the one hand, ordinary rights of freedom of association and freedom of religion and, on the other hand, this idea of corporate freedom of religion, often called ‘church autonomy’. I argue that the arguments conflate different issues, elide important distinctions and equivocate over crucial terms. There is accordingly a need for disaggregation of the concerns raised under the heading of church autonomy. This significantly weakens the apparent case for church autonomy.
Religious Sovereignty and Group Exemptions
Authors: Seglow Jonathan 
Published: September 2015

Religious Sovereignty and Group Exemptions
This response concurs with Cohen’s critique of the Hobby Lobby and Hosanna-Tabor cases but investigates whether religious accommodation might sometimes be justified in the case of institutions and groups (not just individuals). It suggests that exemptions for associations that are recruited to advance state purposes (e.g., in welfare or education) may be more justifiable than where private associations seek to maintain illiberal – for example, discriminatory – rules in line with their religious ethos. Non-democratic associations with a strong religious ethos might in principle enjoy permissible accommodation on the grounds that its members acquiesced to that ethos by joining the association, but only if other conditions are met. Democratic associations with a religious ethos have in principle a stronger claim for accommodation; in practice, however, few religious associations are internally democratic, especially where they seek to preserve illiberal internal rules.
Religion Ain’t Sacrosanct
Authors: Pierik Roland 
Published: September 2015

Religion Ain’t Sacrosanct
This paper is largely an endorsement and a further elaboration of Cohen’s critical discussion of the Hobby Lobby and Hosanna-Tabor cases and the conceptual overstretch of religious freedom they embody. I disagree with Cohen, however, on the proper interpretation of this debate. Cohen construes the ominous Court cases as an anti-liberal attack on the liberal state order. My main thesis is that the root of this dispute can be traced back to a fault line within liberalism between a more tolerance-leaning and a more equality-leaning tradition. I argue that the ominous cases are instances of the tolerance-leaning tradition in liberalism, which once was characteristic of the liberal tradition. Still, I agree with Cohen that this tradition should be rejected because it reverts to an obsolete interpretation of religious freedom that defends unwarranted privileges for certain groups that are out of sync with the egalitarian underpinnings of contemporary liberal political orders.
‘Le temps détruit tout’?
Authors: Vandamme Th. A.J.A. 
Published: September 2015

‘Le temps détruit tout’?Het dienstenverkeer binnen de EU-Turkije Associatie na de uitspraak van het Hof van Justitie in Demirkan
Kunnen Turkse onderdanen zonder visum afreizen naar Duitsland teneinde daar (misschien) diensten te gaan ontvangen als ze dat ook konden in vroegere tijden toen het Duitse recht op dit punt hen welgevallig was? In de onderhavige zaak werd het Hof van Justitie geconfronteerd met deze vraag waarbij de standstill-clausules uit het EU-Turkije Associatieregime centraal staan. Hebben deze clausules betrekking niet alleen betrekking op het verlenen maar ook op het ontvangen van diensten?HvJ EU 24 september 2013, zaak C-221/11, Leyla Demirkan/Bundesrepublik Deutschland, n.n.g.
UPC/Gemeente Hilversum: tariefafspraken in kabeltelevisiecontract ingehaald door regulering
Authors: van Duijvenvoorde G.P. 
Published: September 2015

UPC/Gemeente Hilversum: tariefafspraken in kabeltelevisiecontract ingehaald door regulering
Veel gemeenten in Nederland hebben in het verleden bij de verkoop van hun kabeltelevisienetwerken langlopende tariefafspraken gemaakt ten behoeve van hun inwoners. Over de afdwingbaarheid van deze tariefafspraken is veel en lang geprocedeerd vanuit verschillende invalshoeken. Dit arrest gaat in op de vraag hoe deze tariefafspraken zich verhouden met het nadien in werking getreden Europees telecommunicatiekader. Het arrest geeft een uitleg van enkele kernbegrippen in het telecommunicatierecht, zoals elektronische communicatie en nationale regelgevende instantie (NRI). Vervolgens wordt aan de hand van het beginsel van loyale samenwerking getoetst of de Gemeente Hilversum zich kan beroepen op de met UPC overeengekomen tariefbedingen.HvJ EU 7 november 2013, zaak C-518/11, UPC Nederland BV/Gemeente Hilversum, n.n.g.
Het Europees Openbaar Ministerie tussen soevereiniteit en effectiviteit
Authors: Geelhoed W. 
Published: September 2015

Het Europees Openbaar Ministerie tussen soevereiniteit en effectiviteit
Het voorstel van de Europese Commissie voor oprichting van een Europees Openbaar Ministerie hinkt op twee gedachten. Het streven is de fraudebestrijding voortvarender te maken, maar tegelijk niet ten koste van nationale strafvorderlijke autonomie te laten gaan. Wanneer nationale strafrechtelijke gevoeligheden koste wat kost worden gespaard, kan slechts een papieren tijger worden opgericht. Dan is het beter om ofwel niets te doen, ofwel een krachtige instelling op te richten die daadwerkelijk strafrechtelijke bescherming biedt voor de financiële belangen van de EU.Voorstel voor een verordening van de Raad tot instelling van het Europees Openbaar Ministerie, COM(2013)534
Zaak C-270/12 (ESMA-short selling) als opvolger van de Meroni- en Romano-non-delegatiedoctrine
Authors: van Rijsbergen M.P.M. , Scholten M. 
Published: September 2015

Zaak C-270/12 (ESMA-short selling) als opvolger van de Meroni- en Romano-non-delegatiedoctrine
De meer dan een halve eeuw oude Meroni/Romano-non-delegatiedoctrine lijkt zijn opvolger te hebben gevonden. Dit blijkt uit het onlangs gewezen arrest van het Hof van Justitie in de zaak C-270/12 (ESMA-short selling) van 22 januari 2014. Hierin wordt geoordeeld dat de delegatie van bevoegdheden om handelingen van algemene strekking vast te stellen mogelijk is, zodra de bevoegdheden nauwkeurig omkaderd zijn en door de rechter kunnen worden getoetst aan de door het delegerende gezag vastgelegde doelstellingen. Hiermee lijkt het Hof van Justitie de Romano-doctrine overboord te gooien. Een aantal belangrijke vragen met betrekking tot de Meroni-doctrine blijft echter onbeantwoord.HvJ EU 22 januari 2014, zaak C-270/12, Verenigd Koninkrijk van Groot-Brittannië en Noord-Ierland/Europees Parlement en Raad van de Europese Unie, n.n.g.
Het slachtoffer centraal?
Authors: Kuijpers Karlijn F. , van Parera Sanne , Popelier Lieke 
Published: September 2015

A central focus on the victim? Opinions on victims rights in the Netherlands
The aim of the current study is to provide insight in the support for victim rights among Dutch citizens. Although it is generally assumed that the Dutch public supports these rights, empirical research into this topic appears to be scarce. The opinion with regard to four victim rights was established in two ways. Firstly, respondents were asked about their attitudes and, secondly, about their willingness to pay extra taxes for those rights. Respondents’ attitudes concerning the victim rights in this study appear to be positive; their willingness to pay, however, is low. Findings indicate the importance of combining conventional attitude questions with alternative methods (such as questions about willingness to pay) when studying public preferences and opinions.
Een herstelgerichte benadering van delinquenten met een psychische stoornis
Authors: Koenraadt Frans , Kool Renée 
Published: September 2015

A plea towards a restorative (justice) approach towards mentally ill offenders
Today’s risk based criminal justice policy leaves but little room to tune sentencing decisions to the individual offender’s mental capacities. As a result, sanctioning has become one-sided, being directed towards retribution. However, in the long run such a non-reciprocal concept of sanctioning, implying a denial of the need to facilitate rehabilitation, weakens the social fabric. Moreover, it holds a denial of citizenship towards (mentally ill) offenders. For the past decades, restorative justice has offered alternative solutions to deal with delinquency. Using informal procedures, taking into account peculiarities of the case, including the offender’s mental capacities, offenders are invited to take accountability for wrongful acts. A similar approach has been introduced within the field of mental health services, including the sector of the forensic mental health care. In response to the popular social biological model, a model of restorative treatment has been introduced, implying treatment to be directed towards reintegration, requiring active participation of the patient/offender. Bearing in mind the communalities between both models, we explore the potential of such a restorative citizenship based approach to better the integration of mentally disturbed offenders.
Van je familie moet je het hebben
Authors: Aalders Hugo , Kurvers Bas , Mos Monique , Veurink Gert 
Published: September 2015

‘You can choose your friends, but you can’t choose your family.’ A report on the application of preventive measures taken by the city of Amsterdam against the siblings of 600 habitual offenders
Prevention is very difficult to evaluate. If the situation you are trying to avoid, does not occur, it is likely to continue with prevention. If the situation does occur, it is logical to continue with the already taken preventive measures or even intensify these. This is what we call the ‘prevention trap’. In the first part of the article, a framework is presented for a methodological way to test policy on signals of the presence of a ‘prevention trap’. In the second part this framework is applied on the way the city of Amsterdam is dealing with the brothers and sisters of the top 600 criminal offenders, in the so called ‘Top 600 approach’. Some conclusions are drawn.
Verschillen tussen burgers in vertrouwen in de rechtspraak
Authors: Niemeijer Bert , van Wijck Peter 
Published: September 2015

Differences in public confidence in the judiciary
The degree to which individuals have confidence in the judiciary varies substantially. In this paper, we take the heterogeneity of the population as a starting-point. Our basic idea is that signals about the judiciary acquire significance through frames, schemes of interpretation. Using focus groups we portrayed contrasting frames of citizens. These frames enable us to test the consequences of measures to promote confidence. Measures that tend to increase confidence according to one frame may decrease confidence according to another. This yields dilemmas for those looking for possibilities to promote confidence. One possibility to deal with these dilemmas is to differentiate between different audiences.