bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clock noise evaluation of space-based gravitational wave detectors based on time-delay interferometry
Authors: Lu Xiao-Yu , Wang Ya-Jie , Li Zhi-Gang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The heterodyne measurements are adopted in space-based gravitational wave detectors to detect gravitational wave signals in the millihertz range. Due to the difficulty in maintaining the equal distance between these spacecrafts in the detector, laser phase noise is a main noise in the detection process, so time-delay interferometry combination is adopted to eliminate this noise by synthesizing virtual equal arm interferometry. However, when conducting heterodyne laser interferometry measurements in space-based gravitational wave detection, clock noise is also introduced into the measurement, but the analytical results of clock noise have been ignored in previous studies. Based on time-delay interferometry combination, we analyze the impact of clock noise and provide analytical results of the total noise in various data combinations. Through this result, we evaluate the required clock accuracy of 10−16 for the gravitational wave detector when clock noise is not reduction, so the analytical result can more intuitively reflect how the clock noise effects the sensitivity of the detector.
Structural, optical spectroscopic, and density functional theory calculations of squaraine dye for organic electronic applications
Authors: Hassanien A M , Darwish A A A , Alharbi Abdulrahman Faraj , Abahussain Abdulaziz A M , Hermi Sabrine , Mrad Mohamed Habib 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The structural, optical spectroscopic, and density functional theory calculations of 2,4-Bis[4-(N,N-diisobutylamino)−2,6-dihydroxyphenyl] squaraine dye (SQ) are promising investigations that can be useful in photochemical mechanisms explanation and in designing promising chemosensors. The nature of the bonds, the chemical composition of SQ, crystallographic structure, morphology, and quality characteristics were explored by FTIR, XRD, and SEM investigations. The crystallite size, the dislocation density, and the lattice strain were found to be 57.3 nm, 3.045 × 10−4 nm−2, and 3.065 × 10−3, respectively. The spectrum behavior of the absorbance and molar absorption coefficient spectra of SQ in DCM with three concentrations were analyzed to get some important optical properties of SQ dye. The determined optical gap transition equals

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p

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p
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=
1.81

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.

Quantum chemical computations and optimized molecular geometries identified where electrophilic attacks are likely and analyzed the molecule’s electrostatic potential. Using DFT calculations at the B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) level, the electronic structure of the squaraine molecule was confirmed, showing a HOMO–LUMO gap of 1.73 eV. MEP analysis indicated that the oxygen atoms are electron-rich, suggesting potential for hydrogen bonding and electrophilic interactions.
Novel nonlinear wave transitions and interactions for (2+1)-dimensional generalized fifth-order KdV equation
Authors: Li Yan , Yao Ruoxia , Lou Senyue 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The (2 + 1)-dimensional generalized fifth-order KdV (2GKdV) equation is revisited via combined physical and mathematical methods. By using the Hirota perturbation expansion technique and via setting the nonzero background wave on the multiple soliton solution of the 2GKdV equation, breather waves are constructed, for which some transformed wave conditions are considered that yield abundant novel nonlinear waves including X/Y-Shaped (XS/YS), asymmetric M-Shaped (MS), W-Shaped (WS), Space-Curved (SC) and Oscillation M-Shaped (OMS) solitons. Furthermore, distinct nonlinear wave molecules and interactional structures involving the asymmetric MS, WS, XS/YS, SC solitons, and breathers, lumps are constructed after considering the corresponding existence conditions. The dynamical properties of the nonlinear molecular waves and interactional structures are revealed via analyzing the trajectory equations along with the change of the phase shifts.
Nonexistence of Majorana fermions in Kerr-Newman type spacetimes with nontrivial charge*
Authors: Zhang 张 He-Qun 鹤群 , Zhang 张 Xiao 晓 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We show that the Dirac equation is separated into four differential equations for time-periodic Majorana fermions in Kerr-Newman and Kerr-Newman-(A)dS spacetimes. Although they cannot be transformed into radial and angular equations, the four differential equations yield two algebraic identities. When the electric or magnetic charge is nonzero, they conclude that there is no differentiable time-periodic Majorana fermions outside the event horizon in Kerr-Newman and Kerr-Newman-AdS spacetimes, or between the event horizon and the cosmological horizon in Kerr-Newman-dS spacetime.
Traceable characterisation of fibre-coupled single-photon detectors
Authors: Arabskyj Luke , Dolan Philip R , Parke Adam L , Santana Ted S , Hall Simon R G , Porrovecchio Geiland , Smid Marek , Lucamarini Marco , Chunnilall Christopher J 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The detection of single photons plays an essential role in advancing single-photon science and technologies. Yet, within the visible/near-infrared spectral region, accurate fibre-based optical power measurements at the few-photon level are not yet well-established. In this study, we report on a fibre-based setup, enabling traceable optical power measurements at the few-photon level in this spectral region. The setup was used to calibrate the detection efficiency (DE) of four single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) detectors. The relative standard uncertainties on the mean DE values obtained from repeat fibre-to-detector couplings ranged from 0.67% to 0.81% (k = 2). However, the relative standard deviation of DE values, which ranged from 1.38% to 3.20% (k = 2), poses a challenge for the metrology of these devices and applications that require high accuracy and repeatability. We investigated the source of these variations by spatially mapping the response of a detector’s fibre connector port, using a focused free-space beam, allowing us to estimate the detector’s spatial non-uniformity. In addition, we realise a novel calibration approach for fibre-coupled SPADs in a free-space configuration, enabling a direct comparison between the fibre-based setup and the National Physical Laboratory’s established free-space facility using a single SPAD. Finally, we investigated alternative coupling methods, testing the repeatability of different fibre-to-fibre connectors in addition to direct fibre-to-detector couplings: SPADs from three manufacturers were tested, with both single-mode and multi-mode fibre.
Research status and application of 304/Q235 stainless steel clad plate
Authors: Liang Shun , Wang Xingxing , Chen Yuhang , Ni Hongjun , Zhu Yu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Due to the increasing severity of corrosion and impact on the bridge deck, the material requirements for railroad steel bridges are becoming more stringent. The 304/Q235 stainless steel composite steel plate has gained attention as a new material due to its excellent corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. This is particularly relevant for the large span of the railroad steel bridge across the river and sea. This paper analyzes the research and application of various process methods used in the preparation of 304/Q235 composite plate, including electroslag welding-hot rolling composite method, laser welding, multi-layer explosive welding process, stirring friction welding, laser cladding, and hot press bonding process method. The advantages, disadvantages, and effects of each method are summarized. The study demonstrates that improving the comprehensive performance of stainless steel composite steel plates is a bottleneck in the industry. Therefore, accurately selecting the combination of stainless steel composite steel plate and optimizing the manufacturing process are the key focuses for the industry. This text provides a useful reference for the future development direction of composite steel. It also offers theoretical and practical support for promoting the research and application of stainless steel composite steel plates.
The modulation of characteristics in AlGaN/GaN High electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) using multiple field plate technology
Authors: Tao Yujian , Sun Weihao , Zhong Rong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study utilizes ATLAS-TCAD to investigate and propose a multiple electrode extension AlGaN/GaN HEMT. It explores different electrode extension structures combined with variations in plate dimensions to improve device operating capability and electrical breakdown. The study examines the electrical breakdown behavior, channel electric field distribution, output transfer characteristics, threshold frequency (Ft), and peak oscillation frequency (Fmax) under different electrode extension structures. The research demonstrates that the introduction of electrode extension structures can effectively modulate the distribution of channel electric fields. The electrode extension structure has minimal impact on the device’s transfer characteristics and output current. The dimension of the gate electrode extension significantly affects the reduction of the cutoff frequency, whereas the source electrode extension has almost no impact on the cutoff frequency. The introduction of the electrode extension structure leads to a decrease in the maximum oscillation frequency. As the dimension of the electrode extension increases, the decreasing trend slows down, with the gate electrode extension showing a greater reduction trend than the source terminal connected to the electrode extension. The proposed source-gate multiple electrode extension (SSG-FP) structure exhibits superior breakdown characteristics, with an improvement of approximately 750 V compared to the structure without electrode extensions. The optimized gate plate dimensions are 0.75 μm, the dimension of the primary source electrode extension is 3.1 μm, and the dimension of the secondary source electrode extension is 4.1 μm. The device exhibits a threshold frequency (Ft) of 17.86 GHz and a peak oscillation frequency (Fmax) of 58.6 GHz. These findings provide guidance for designing HEMT devices with electrode extension structures.
Study on the effect of carbonation treatment on concrete wash water
Authors: Lin Zhiyu , Lin Jiming 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Wash water is a by-product of ready-mixed concrete production and currently lacks scientific recycling measures due to its high alkalinity and suspended solids content. To address this issue, this project investigated a novel approach utilizing a self-designed carbonation device. This device effectively carbonates the wash water, enabling its subsequent integration into cement mortar to assess its impact. A comprehensive analysis of the wash water was carried out using a variety of techniques. The findings from XRD, SEM-EDS, and ICP tests revealed that the carbonation triggers reactions in the hydration products of the wash water, leading to the formation of calcium carbonate, and TG analysis revealed a carbon sequestration rate of 16.11%. Notably, particle size analysis demonstrated that the calcium carbonate particles produced were nanosized, which could fill the tiny voids in the cement mortar, thereby enhancing its compressive strength. The strength test of the cement mortar showed that the compressive strength of the cement mortar mixed with carbonated wash water was improved, which increased by 13% compared with the control group.
Blue luminescence properties of Y2Sn2O7: Ce3+ transparent glass-ceramics
Authors: Xu Shengnan , Zhang Hongbo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Using the melt-crystallization technique, Y2Sn2O7: Ce3+ transparent glass-ceramics were prepared, and the crystalline phase was determined to be Y2Sn2O7 by XRD. It was discovered that the transparent glass-ceramics had a transmittance of up to 77.0% in the visible spectrum. The samples had the highest emission intensity at a concentration of 0.5% when excited at 340 nm. The Ce2O3 doped transparent glass-ceramics with the crystalline phase of Y2Sn2O7 can obtain better blue light emission, which is promising for applications in solid-state lighting and displays.
Effect of crosslinker molecular weight on the characteristics of thermoelectric ionogels
Authors: Dong Zixian , Tang Jihe , Chen Shanshan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The present study investigates an ionic thermoelectric gel with adjustable functionality through the manipulation of crosslinker molecular weight. The thermoelectric properties of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (2-HEA) ionogels, prepared using PEGDA200, PEGDA575, and PEGDA1000 as crosslinkers, were thoroughly examined. Furthermore, dynamic thermal mechanical analysis (DMA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were employed to elucidate the underlying reasons for variations in the thermoelectric material properties resulting from changes in crosslinker molecular weight. Notably, the thermoelectric gel synthesized with PEGDA575 exhibited a remarkable thermal power output of 19.19 mV•K-1 along with a tensile capacity of 231%. Additionally, the developed ionic thermoelectric capacitor demonstrated an impressive energy density of 4.288 J•m−2, thereby showcasing its potential application in flexible low-grade heat energy recovery devices.
Characterization of slugs for self-designed Ti-alloy shaped charge liner after penetrating reinforced concrete and steel target
Authors: Xue Xinying 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Shaped charge liners were sintered from a self-designed β-Ti alloy by powder metallurgy. Although the lightweight β-Ti alloy shows the characteristics of a brittle material, the shaped charge liner forms a Ti-alloy jet, which is capable of penetrating 45# steel and C40 reinforced concrete under the detonation of an 8701 explosive. After penetration, the slugs are characterized by X-ray diffraction and optical micrography. Compared with α’ laths in the slug after penetrating the steel, those are found to be more sparse, shorter, and thicker in the slug after penetrating the C40 concrete, since the slug is extruded less severely. Moreover, the streamline is more remarkable in the slug after penetrating the C40 concrete. It is suggested that the α→β phase transformation occurred due to the adiabatic temperature rise during the penetration, followed by martensite transformation β→α’ due to rapid cooling.
Optimization of high-precision pyroelectric coefficient testing method
Authors: Zhang Hengda , Xiao Bo , Wang Xiaobo , Wu Delin , Gao Shenping , Wang Hongyuan , Jin Pian , Yu Xingyan , Yao Lei 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In response to the existing GB/T 3389-2008 “Test Methods for Performance of Piezoelectric Ceramic Materials” (hereinafter referred to as GB/T 3389-2008), the charge integration method used for pyroelectric coefficient testing has the shortcomings that the charge quantity does not vary significantly with temperature, the process of the oil bath heating is nonlinear, the oil bath medium itself carrying charges causes errors in the test result, the capacitance of the integrating capacitor causes the mismatch in testing accuracy, and the testing range of the electrostatic meter is limited. Based on these situations, this paper proposes a more reliable high-precision pyroelectric coefficient testing method. This method adopts a more optimal step heating mode combined with small range temperature fluctuations to meet the high-sensitivity testing requirements. Electrode heating is used instead of oil bath heating to eliminate errors caused by the charges of the oil bath medium. Finally, a KEITHLEY model 6517B electrometer is employed to replace the electrostatic meter and the integrating capacitor, improving the testing accuracy while adapting to a larger measurement range.
Diamond wire saw forming cutting simulation analysis of arc workpieces
Authors: Fan Honghao 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The application of diamond wire saws in the field of cutting hard and brittle materials is becoming increasingly widespread, especially in the photovoltaic industry where the demand for slicing processes for monocrystalline and polycrystalline silicon is continuously growing. Among these, the craftsmanship involved in arc-shaped workpieces is particularly complex. To analyze the impact of diamond wire saw processes on arc-shaped workpieces, PFC discrete element simulation software was utilized, aiming to produce a 1/8 arc segment, and the influence of the wire saw’s linear speed on the process was analyzed. The simulation results indicate that an increase in linear speed leads to improved particle distribution and a shape more closely resembling a circular form. However, the cutting process with a diamond wire saw must be controlled at an appropriate operating speed. If the speed is too high, it may lead to the destruction of the workpiece.
A design of Ultra Wideband (UWB) antenna applied in coal mine underground
Authors: Yang Yong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This article designs an ultra-wideband (UWB) hourglass-shaped antenna for underground coal mines, using FR-4 as the dielectric substrate, with microstrip feeder feeding, whose radiation direction can be changed using guides. On the basis of theoretical calculation, MATLAB high-frequency structure simulation software is used to simulate and analyze, and the final structure model and the optimal parameter value are determined according to the model construction and parameter sweep optimization. According to the simulation results, the relative bandwidth of the designed antenna is 109.3% (3.96 GHz~13.51 GHz), the return loss at the two resonant points is −30.99 dB and −28.22 dB, the standing wave ratio is 1.06 and 1.08, and the maximum gain is 6.2 dB. The designed antenna also has a simple structure, high economy, ultra wideband, high transmission efficiency, strong anti-interference performance, relatively small size, and a wide range of applications, which is conducive to design and development.
Effect of annealing treatment on electromagnetic parameters and wave-absorbing properties of Fe-based soft magnetic particles
Authors: Wang Wei , Wang Xiaodong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Fe-based soft magnetic particles have excellent soft magnetic properties but have limitations in practical applications. In order to obtain better wave-absorbing properties, Fe-based soft magnetic particles have been modified to meet the demand for their properties. The wave-absorbing properties of Fe-based soft magnetic amorphous powders are improved by annealing them, because annealing not only increases the dielectric constant and permeability of the material but also improves the soft magnetic properties of the material and increases the impedance matching of electromagnetic waves. Compared with the as-prepared state, although the annealing treatment cannot increase the peak value of the wave absorption peak, it can make the wave absorption frequency domain wider and the area of the wave absorption peak larger. The samples annealed at 500°C have excellent wave-absorbing properties in the 8-10 GHz and 14-18 GHz bands.
The analysis of aging characteristics of RTV insulating coatings with varying silicone rubber contents
Authors: Zhang Xinxin , Zhou Yuanxiang , Zhu Xiaoqian , Yu Jingzhe , Huang Xiaolong , Su Bin , Liu Min , Fan Shuochao 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Room-temperature vulcanized silicone rubber coatings are widely used in the field of high-voltage outdoor insulation. Silicone rubber (RTV-SIR) coatings are used to improve the anti-pollution flashover performance of high-voltage ceramic insulators by imparting hydrophobicity to the surface. Different high-temperature aging experiments were conducted on coating samples with varying silicone rubber contents, and their physicochemical properties were tested to analyze the aging mechanisms involved, aiming to further evaluate the lifespan of the coatings. It was observed that lower silicone rubber content led to more significant changes in surface functional groups, accelerated degradation of coating properties during aging, and increased susceptibility to microcrack formation and subsequent crack development, further promoting the aging process. The aging process accelerated gradually from the surface to deeper layers at the same temperature, resulting in increased disorder and densification of the three-dimensional network structure, along with fragmentation of low-molecular-weight molecules.
An improved surface defect detection method based on DeepLabv3+ for piston pins
Authors: Cao Yifan , Zhang Jianwu , Xu Yunlong , Yu Bangqi , Li Hong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
To address the pressing challenges of slow computation and suboptimal edge feature extraction in current piston pin surface defect detection techniques, this study introduces a refined methodology. By leveraging MobileNetV2, a streamlined convolutional backbone network, our approach accelerates processing speeds. Concurrently, the integration of an attention mechanism ensures that the model devotes increased focus to both edge irregularities and minute defect details. A tailored loss function mitigates the prevalent issue of sample imbalance, further enhancing model performance. Empirical evidence drawn from the piston pin dataset evidences the efficacy of our improvements: an MIoU of 85.41, MPA of 88.45, and a frame rate of 32.64 FPS, marking substantial gains in both accuracy and speed relative to pre-upgraded benchmarks. This optimized method not only delivers precise and timely defect delineation with a reduced parameter count, but it also contributes a novel and efficacious strategy for enhancing surface defect detection outcomes.
Comparison of AgCuSn15 brazing fillers prepared by mechanical alloying and layer composite methods for vacuum brazing of Ni substrate: microstructure and mechanical properties analysis
Authors: Song Ruili , Zhao Jiacun , Chen Jiacheng , Tian Caili 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In order to reduce the brazing temperature of Ag-based filler and simultaneously avoid the problem of difficult processing, AgCuSn15 brazing fillers prepared by mechanical alloying method (named MA-1) and layer composite method (named LC-2) were employed to vacuum braze Ni substrate. The microstructure and mechanical properties of Ni/Ni joints brazed using MA-1 and LC-2 were compared. The effects of brazing temperature and brazing time on the mechanical properties of joints brazed using MA-1 were studied. The results suggest that the microstructure of the joint brazed using MA-1 is Ni/(Ni, Cu)3Sn + (Cu, Ni)6Sn5/Ag(s, s)+Cu(s, s)/(Cu, Ni)6Sn5+(Ni, Cu)3Sn/Ni, and there are small cracks caused by Cu6Sn5 phase in the joint. Due to the incomplete alloying of AgCu and Sn, the microstructure of joint brazed using LC-2 is Ni/(Cu, Ni)6Sn5+(Ni, Cu)3Sn/Ag(s, s)+Cu(s, s)+Ag-Cu eutectic/(Ni, Cu)3Sn +(Cu, Ni)6Sn5/Ni. The strength of the Ni/Ni joint brazed using MA-1 is highest (42.74 Mpa) at 680°C for 30 min. The strength of the Ni/Ni joint brazed using LC-2 under the same conditions is 24.86 Mpa.