bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dupuytren's contracture: an analysis of outcomes of percutaneous needle fasciotomy versus open fasciectomy
Authors: Toppi Jason T. , Trompf Leisel , Smoll Nicolas R. , Lim Vivian , Smith Katrina , Findlay Michael W. , Hunter‐Smith David J. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundPercutaneous needle fasciotomy (PNF) is a minimally invasive technique used to manage Dupuytren's contracture. We compared outcomes of PNF versus open fasciectomy (OF) to examine the suitability of PNF in Australia.MethodA retrospective cohort study using two questionnaires regarding Dupuytren's treatment was used to assess patients with uncomplicated primary disease. The primary outcomes were immediate and medium‐term correction of contracture (2‐year mean follow‐up to time of survey). Secondary outcomes were patient satisfaction and complications including tendon/nerve injury, infection, skin necrosis and vascular damage.ResultsOne hundred fifty‐five out of 191 surveys were returned (81%). The final analysis included 125 cases (65%), 73 PNF and 52 OF. No significant differences were observed between both groups with regards to follow‐up time, gender, smoking status, co‐morbidities or preoperative deformity grade. No significant differences were observed in terms of immediate or medium‐term deformity correction, tendon/nerve injury or circulatory complications. The postoperative infection rate was higher with OF, with these patients 7.57 (95% confidence interval 1.56, 36.77; P = 0.01) times as likely to have a postoperative infection as patients undergoing PNF. A higher number of patients who underwent PNF were told that they would require another operation (30% versus 12%; P = 0.02). Satisfaction scores were similar (OF 33.2 versus PNF 32.6; P = 0.82).ConclusionThe OF and PNF procedures provide comparable deformity correction for uncomplicated primary Dupuytren's disease in the immediate perioperative period. The reduced side effect profile of PNF should prompt surgeons to consider incorporating it in their practice for the first‐line management of uncomplicated primary Dupuytren's disease.
Clinical Outcomes Associated With Chronic Antimicrobial Suppression Therapy in Patients With Continuous‐Flow Left Ventricular Assist Devices
Authors: Jennings Douglas L. , Chopra Anuvrat , Chambers Rachel , Morgan Jeffrey A. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis retrospective cohort study evaluates the effect of chronic antimicrobial suppression (CAS) therapy on clinical outcomes in patients with continuous‐flow left ventricular assist devices (CF‐LVADs) and a history of device‐related infection. Patients with CF‐LVAD implantation between January 2008 and August 2011 who received systemic CAS after index antibiotic treatment of a device‐related infection were included. Chronic suppression was defined as continuation of antibiotics for longer than 6 weeks after the index infection. Standard International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation definitions were used. The primary outcome is failure of CAS, defined as a clinical deterioration resulting in the need for transition from oral to intravenous (IV) therapy or a need to change to a different IV antibiotic, elevation to status 1A on the transplant list as a result of ongoing infection, or device/driveline exchange. Of 140 patients screened, 16 patients were included (69% male, 63% African American, median age 52 years). The driveline was the most common site of infection (69%). Organisms isolated included Gram‐positive cocci (n = 7), Gram‐negative bacilli (n = 10), and Candida (n = 1). Oral trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole treatment was most commonly used for suppression (37.5%). Failure of CAS occurred in 5/16 (31%) patients after a mean time of 175 days on therapy (range 10–598). The majority of failures (60%) required device exchanges. Side effects of nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea were reported in three patients; all required changes in oral suppression regimen. Clostridium difficile infection was noted in two patients. These results, which must be confirmed by a larger analysis, suggest that one‐third of CF‐LVAD patients may develop recurrent infections while on CAS therapy.
Effect of lateral static load on immediately restored implants: histologic and radiographic evaluation in dogs
Authors: Ferrari Daniel S. , Piattelli Adriano , Iezzi Giovanna , Faveri Marcelo , Rodrigues José A. , Shibli Jamil A. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of lateral static load in immediately restored implants in the canine mandible.Material and methodsIn 7 mongrel dogs, all premolars and the first molars were extracted bilaterally in the mandible. Two months after the extractions, 6 implants with sandblasted acid‐etched surfaces were placed in each animal, 3 on each side. Randomly, two implants per side were immediately restored with an orthodontic expansion device that promoted lateral excessive static load (test group) or load (control) while the third implant of each side, remained submerged (unloaded group). These loaded devices were cleaned daily with chlorhexidine 0.12%, during the 4 months of study, when the animals were sacrificed and biopsies removed for histometric study. Intra‐oral periapicals were made using positioners at the beginning and at the end of the study.ResultsFive implants from test group were lost in 3 dogs. Radiographically, there was a marginal bone loss of 3.68 ± 0.74 mm for the test group, 1.63 ± 0.2 mm for the control group and 0.45 ± 0.5 mm for the unloaded group. Histometrically, the percentage of bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC%) was 35.52 ± 7.32%, for the test group, 63.16 ± 5.16% for the control group and 42.33 ± 2.14% for the unloaded group.ConclusionIn conclusion, the excessive lateral static load negatively affected the behavior of peri‐implant bone around immediate restored implants.
The effects of zoledronic acid and dexamethasone on osseointegration of endosseous implants: histological and histomorphometrical evaluation in rats
Authors: de Oliveira Marcio A. , Asahi Denise A. , Silveira Celey A. E. , Lima Luiz Antonio P. A. , Glick Michael , Gallottini Marina 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundBisphosphonates are a widely used class of drugs that prevent bone loss. Several side effects related to bisphosphonate therapy have been reported, including osteonecrosis of the jaws associated with invasive dental procedures and implants placement.ObjectivesTo evaluate the influence of intravenous nitrogen‐containing BPs in combination with or without dexamethasone on osseointegration of titanium implants placed in an animal model.MethodsTwenty‐seven male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: group 1 was treated solely with zoledronic acid, group 2 was treated with zoledronic acid and dexamethasone, and group 3 did only receive saline solution injections. Two endosseous implants were placed in each tibia, and three animals from each group were sacrificed at postoperative times of seven, 14, and 28 days. Non‐decalcified sections were observed with light microscopy for histological and histomorphometrical analyses.ResultsHistomorphometrical analysis using the animals and the implants as unit of measurement revealed no statistically significant difference regarding bone‐implant contact and bone density among the three groups. Histological observation revealed that zoledronic acid‐treated animals in combination with or without dexamethasone showed expressive less bone remodeling activity at 14 and 28 days after implants placement, compared with control specimens.ConclusionsThe studied bisphosphonate regimens did not interfere with the osseointegration of the implants, cortical, or medular bone deposition, but a possible lack of bone remodeling of the original cortical bone may affect long‐term osseointegration.
Immunohistochemical analysis of blood vessels in peri‐implant mucosa: a comparison between mini‐incision flapless and flap surgeries in domestic pigs
Authors: Lazić Zoran , Golubović Mileta , Marković Aleksa , Šćepanović Miodrag , Mišić Tijana , Vlahović Zoran 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAimThe aim of this experimental study is to compare the effect of mini‐incision flapless versus flap technique of implant placement on the amount of vascular structures and blood vessel elements in peri‐implant soft tissue, using immunohistochemical analysis.MethodThe experiment was conducted on five domestic pigs. Each animal received six implants in mandible according to the split‐mouth design. On one randomly chosen jaw side, mini‐incision flapless surgery was performed, whereas on the opposite jaw side, flap was raised. After 3 months of implant healing through submerged approach, the experimental animals were sacrificed and samples for immunohistochemical analyses were taken from the buccal side of peri‐implant mucosa next to the neck of implants, from three levels. The study outcome was the presence of vascular structures and elements of the blood vessels in the peri‐implant mucosa per microscopic field, estimated through ordinal scores from 0 to 2. Effects of surgical approach, site of implantation, and their interaction on vascular scores of peri‐implant mucosa were assessed by Brunner and Langer nonparametric analysis of longitudinal data.ResultsStatistically significant effect of surgical approach on vascularity of peri‐implant mucosa has been revealed in the second mucosal layer, where flapless approach provided higher vascularity compared with flap approach (P = 0.002). In the remaining two layers, surgical approach did not affect mucosal vascularity significantly (layer 1: P = 0.071; layer 3: P = 0.433).ConclusionThe flapless surgical implant placement approach using mini‐incision provides better vascularization of peri‐implant mucosa after 3 months of healing compared with flap surgery.
Caught in the Act: How the U.S. Lacey Act Can Hamper the Fight Against Cyanide Fishing in Tropical Coral Reefs
Authors: Calado Ricardo , Leal Miguel C. , Vaz Marcela C.M. , Brown Chris , Rosa Rui , Stevenson Todd C. , Cooper Cara H. , Tissot Brian N. , Li Ya‐Wei , Thornhill Daniel J. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractCyanide fishing is one of the most destructive techniques employed to collect live reef fish. While national laws of most source countries ban this practice, cyanide is still widely employed to capture live reef fish for human consumption and marine aquariums. The United States is one of the largest importers of live reef fish, and the implementation of new approaches to screen for fish caught with cyanide is urgently needed. A fast and reliable noninvasive and nondestructive approach to screen live reef fish for cyanide poisoning was recently developed, yet deployment of this test may be obstructed by U.S. law. The Lacey Act prohibits the import, export, transport, and acquisition in interstate or international commerce of fish taken in violation of any foreign law. Therefore, if a fish tests positive for cyanide poisoning, the testers could expose themselves to liability for potential Lacey Act violations, as they are “knowingly” engaging in an illegal act. To eliminate this disincentive, the U.S. government should help conservationists develop protocols on how to test for cyanide poisoning without violating the Lacey Act.
Acute effects of different volumes of dynamic stretching on vertical jump performance, flexibility and muscular endurance
Authors: Ryan Eric D. , Everett Kenneth L. , Smith Doug B. , Pollner Christie , Thompson Brennan J. , Sobolewski Eric J. , Fiddler Ryan E. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to examine the acute effects of different volumes of a dynamic stretching routine on vertical jump (VJ) performance, flexibility and muscular endurance (ME). Twenty‐six males (age 22·2 ± 1·3 years) performed three separate randomized conditions: (i) a control (CON) condition (5‐min jog + 12 min of resting), (ii) a 5‐min jog + a dynamic stretching routine (DS1; 6·7 ± 1·3 min) and (iii) a 5‐min jog + a dynamic stretching routine with twice the volume (DS2; 12·1 ± 1·6 min). The dynamic stretching routine included 11 exercises targeting the hip and thigh musculature. VJ performance (jump height and velocity) and flexibility were measured prior to and following all conditions, while ME was measured following all conditions. The DS1 and DS2 conditions increased VJ height and velocity (P<0·01), while the CON condition did not change (P>0·05). When compared to the CON condition, the DS1 condition did not improve ME (P>0·05), whereas the DS2 condition resulted in a significant (15·6%) decrease in the number of repetitions completed (P<0·05). Flexibility increased following all conditions (P<0·01), while the DS1 condition was significantly greater (P<0·01) than the CON condition at post‐testing. These results suggest that dynamic stretching routines lasting approximately 6–12 min performed following a 5‐min jog resulted in similar increases in VJ performance and flexibility. However, longer durations of dynamic stretching routines may impair repetitive high‐intensity activities.
In the absence of conflicting testimony young children trust inaccurate informants
Authors: Vanderbilt Kimberly E. , Heyman Gail D. , Liu David 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe present research investigated the nature of the inferences and decisions young children make about informants with a prior history of inaccuracies. Across three experiments, 3‐ and 4‐year‐olds (total N = 182) reacted to previously inaccurate informants who offered testimony in an object‐labeling task. Of central interest was children's willingness to accept information provided by an inaccurate informant in different contexts of being alone, paired with an accurate informant, or paired with a novel (neutral) informant. Experiments 1 and 2 showed that when a previously inaccurate informant was alone and provided testimony that was not in conflict with the testimony of another informant, children systematically accepted the testimony of that informant. Experiment 3 showed that children accepted testimony from a neutral informant over an inaccurate informant when both provided information, but accepted testimony from an inaccurate informant rather than seeking information from an available neutral informant who did not automatically offer information. These results suggest that even though young children use prior history of accuracy to determine the relative reliability of informants, they are quite willing to trust the testimony of a single informant alone, regardless of whether that informant had previously been reliable.
Motor learning in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy: feedback effects on skill acquisition
Authors: Burtner Patricia A , Leinwand Robin , Sullivan Katherine J , Goh Hui‐Ting , Kantak Shailesh S 
Published: January 2014

AimMotor learning is enhanced with practice and feedback. This cohort control study investigated the effect of different relative feedback frequencies during skill acquisition in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and children with typical development.MethodNineteen children with spastic hemiplegic CP (nine males, 10 females; mean age 11y 7mo; range 8–16y) and 20 children with typical development (12 males, eight females; mean age 10y 8mo; range 8–14y) were assigned to 100% or reduced (62%) feedback subgroups as they practised 200 trials of a discrete arm movement with specific spatiotemporal parameters. Children with CP used their less involved hand. Learning was inferred by delayed (24h) retention and reacquisition tests.ResultsAll children improved in accuracy and consistency. Children with typical development demonstrated significantly greater accuracy than children with CP during acquisition (p=0.001), retention (p=0.031), and reacquisition (p=0.001), and greater consistency during retention (p=0.038). The typically developing group who received 100% feedback performed with significantly less error than the 62% feedback group during acquisition (p=0.001), and with greater retention (p=0.017). No statistically significant difference was found between feedback subgroups of children with CP, although the 100% feedback group consistently demonstrated less error.InterpretationChildren with CP use feedback in a manner similar to children with typical development when learning new skills with their less involved hand, but demonstrate less accuracy and consistency.
A comparison of adding liraglutide versus a single daily dose of insulin aspart to insulin degludec in subjects with type 2 diabetes (BEGIN: VICTOZA ADD‐ON)
Authors: Mathieu C. , Rodbard H. W. , Cariou B. , Handelsman Y. , Philis‐Tsimikas A. , Ocampo Francisco A. M. , Rana A. , Zinman B. ,   on behalf of the BEGIN: VICTOZA ADD‐ON (NN1250‐3948) study group
Published: January 2014

AimTwo treatment strategies were compared in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) on basal insulin requiring intensification: addition of once‐daily (OD) liraglutide (Lira) or OD insulin aspart (IAsp) with largest meal.MethodsSubjects completing 104 weeks (52‐week main trial BEGIN ONCE‐LONG + 52‐week extension) on insulin degludec (IDeg) OD + metformin with HbA1c ≥ 7.0% (≥53 mmol/mol) were randomized to IDeg+Lira [n = 88, mean HbA1c: 7.7% (61 mmol/mol)] or IDeg+IAsp (n = 89, mean HbA1c: 7.7%) for 26 weeks, continuing metformin. Subjects completing 104 weeks with HbA1c <7.0% continued IDeg + metformin in a third, non‐randomized arm (n = 236).ResultsIDeg+Lira reduced HbA1c (−0.74%‐points) significantly more than IDeg+IAsp (−0.39%‐points); estimated treatment difference (ETD) (IDeg+Lira−IDeg+IAsp) −0.32%‐points (95% CI −0.53; −0.12); p = 0.0024. More IDeg+Lira (49.4%) than IDeg+IAsp (7.2%) subjects achieved HbA1c <7.0% without confirmed hypoglycaemia [plasma glucose <3.1 mmol/l (<56 mg/dl) or severe hypoglycaemia) and without weight gain; estimated odds ratio (IDeg+Lira/IDeg+IAsp) 13.79 (95% CI 5.24; 36.28); p < 0.0001. IDeg+Lira subjects had significantly less confirmed and nocturnal confirmed hypoglycaemia, and significantly greater weight loss (−2.8 kg) versus IDeg+IAsp (+0.9 kg); ETD (IDeg+Lira−IDeg+IAsp) −3.75 kg (95% CI −4.70; −2.79); p < 0.0001. Other than more gastrointestinal side effects with IDeg+Lira, no safety differences occurred. Durability of IDeg was established in the non‐randomized arm, as mean HbA1c remained <7.0% [mean 6.5% (48 mmol/mol) at end‐of‐trial].ConclusionsIDeg+Lira improved long‐term glycaemic control, with weight loss and less hypoglycaemia versus adding a single daily dose of IAsp in patients with T2DM inadequately controlled with IDeg + metformin.
Changes in weight loss‐related quality of life among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients treated with dapagliflozin
Authors: Grandy S. , Hashemi M. , Langkilde A.‐M. , Parikh S. , Sjöström C. D. 
Published: January 2014

AimsThis study evaluated change in health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) associated with ongoing weight change among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treated with dapagliflozin, a highly selective sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor that lowers blood glucose by increasing urinary glucose excretion and is associated with body weight reductions.MethodsPatients with T2DM who had inadequate glycaemic control on metformin (MET) alone were enrolled in a 24‐week, double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled study with a 78‐week extension to evaluate the effect of dapagliflozin + MET on body weight. Patients also completed the Study to Help Improve Early evaluation and management of risk factors Leading to Diabetes Weight Questionnaire‐9 (SHIELD‐WQ‐9), a weight change‐related HRQOL survey. Difference in proportions of patients treated with dapagliflozin 10 mg + MET (n = 89) or placebo + MET (n = 91) who reported improvement in HRQOL was analysed with Fisher's exact test.ResultsDapagliflozin patients had significantly greater weight loss than placebo patients over 102 weeks (p < 0.05). This corresponded to a numerically greater proportion of dapagliflozin‐treated patients reporting ongoing weight loss and associated improvements in most HRQOL domains at three different evaluation points (weeks 24, 50 and 102) than placebo‐treated patients. In a post‐hoc analysis among patients who reported ongoing weight loss regardless of treatment arm, a significantly greater proportion of patients reporting weight loss versus weight gain reported improvements in physical health, self‐esteem and overall HRQOL at weeks 24, 50 and 102.ConclusionsDapagliflozin‐induced weight loss was associated with improvement in overall HRQOL. Overall, ongoing weight loss was associated with improvements in several HRQOL domains compared with weight gain.
Mental health literacy about schizophrenia: a survey of Portuguese youth
Authors: Loureiro Luís Manuel Jesus , Jorm Anthony Francis , Oliveira Rui Aragão , Mendes Aida Maria Oliveira Cruz , dos Santos José Carlos Pereira , Rodrigues Manuel Alves , Sousa Catarina Sofia Ferreira 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAimMental health literacy about psychotic disorders, specifically schizophrenia, may assist in appropriate help seeking and early intervention, preventing the exacerbation of symptoms and improving health outcomes in the medium and long term. The aim of this study was to characterize the level of mental health literacy of Portuguese youth concerning schizophrenia.MethodsA mental health literacy questionnaire was administered to a random sample of Portuguese youth aged 14–24 years. This questionnaire evaluated the following components: recognition of disorders, knowledge about professionals and treatments available, knowledge about the effectiveness of self‐help strategies, knowledge and skills to support and provide first aid to others, and knowledge of how to prevent mental disorders.ResultsThere were 4938 adolescents and young adults who participated in the study. Schizophrenia or psychosis was recognized by 42.17% and 22.21%, respectively. Most young people recognized the potential helpfulness of family doctors, psychologists, psychiatrists and mental health services. There was also widespread belief in the potential helpfulness of family and friends, and lifestyle changes. However, teachers were not generally seen as a source of help. Appropriate mental health first‐aid strategies were commonly endorsed, but there was a reluctance to ask about suicidal feelings and many endorsed speaking to the person firmly. Lifestyle factors were also commonly believed to be preventative.ConclusionsAlthough many Portuguese youth have beliefs that may assist early intervention, there was a substantial minority who did not. Given the central role of teachers in the lives of young people, it is notable that they were not seen as a potential source of help. Mental health first‐aid skills of young people also need improvement.