bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring the Effectiveness of the Graphical Communication of Hurricane Storm Surge Threat
Authors: Sherman-Morris Kathleen , Antonelli Karla B. , Williams Carrick C. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Color is an important variable in the graphical communication of weather information. The effect of different colors on understanding and perception is not always considered prior to releasing an image to the public. This study tests the influence of color as well as legend values on the effectiveness of communicating storm surge potential. In this study, 40 individuals participated in an eye-tracking experiment in which they responded to eight questions about five different storm scenarios. Color was varied among three palettes (shades of blue, green to red, and yellow to purple), and legends were varied to display categorical values in feet (&lt;3, 3–6, etc.) or text descriptions (low, medium, etc.). Questions measured accuracy, perceived risk, and perceived helpfulness. Overall, accuracy was high and few statistically significant differences were observed across color/legend combinations. Evidence did suggest that the blue values condition may have been the most difficult to interpret. Statistical support for this claim includes longer response times and a greater number of eye fixations on the legend. The feet values condition also led to a greater number of eye fixations on the legend and letter markers than the category text condition. The green–red condition was the strong preference among all groups as the color condition that best informs the public about storm surge risk. This color palette led to slightly higher levels of accuracy and perceived helpfulness, but the differences were not significant.
Brain-to-Brain (mind-to-mind) interaction at distance: a confirmatory study
Authors: Tressoldi Patrizio E. , Pederzoli Luciano , Bilucaglia Marco , Caini Patrizio , Fedele Pasquale , Ferrini Alessandro , Melloni Simone , Richeldi Diana , Richeldi Florentina , Accardo Agostino 
Published: September 2014

This study reports the results of a confirmatory experiment testing the hypothesis that it is possible to detect coincidences of a sequence of events (silence-signal) of different length, by analyzing the EEG activity of two human partners spatially separated when one member of the pair receives the stimulation and the second one is connected only mentally with the first.Seven selected participants with a long friendship and a capacity to maintain focused mental concentration, were divided into two groups located in two different laboratories approximately 190 km apart. Each participant acted both as a “stimulated” and as a “mentally connected” member of the pair for a total of twenty sessions overall.The offline analysis of EEG activity using a special classification algorithm based on a support vector machine, detected the coincidences in the sequence of events of the stimulation protocol between the EEG activity of the “stimulated” and the “mentally connected” pairs.Furthermore the correlation of the power spectra of the five EEG frequency bands between each of the twenty pairs of data was analyzed using a bootstrap procedure.The overall percentage of coincidences out of 88 events was 78.4% and the statistically significant average correlations between the EEG alpha and gamma bands among the pairs of participants, which confirmed the results observed in a pilot study, support the hypothesis that it is possible to connect two brains and hence two minds at distance.
Do women who have encountered vaginal childbirth experience long term incontinence or perineal pain?
Authors: Whapples Emma 
Published: September 2014

It has been established that around 85% of women who have had a vaginal birth experience perineal trauma, of which approximately 70% of these will require suturing. In the 2011 UK census, 503 972 vaginal births were recorded and 370 984 women experienced perineal trauma. Women anecdotally reporting their concerns in future pregnancies, led to this research being conducted. A qualitative method was used to determine how women felt physically and emotionally following vaginal childbirth. In total, nine women were selected using convenience and purposive sampling and were interviewed between 3–6 months postnatally. Interviews were taped and transcribed verbatim. An eight-point multifaceted approach has been designed to improve postnatal health in areas where a deficit had been uncovered. This research demonstrated areas of concern in postnatal health, in particular, incontinence and perineal pain. It has also highlighted areas of care provision that need improvement.
The healthy eating and lifestyle in pregnancy (HELP) feasibility study
Authors: Jewell Karen , Avery Amanda , Barber Jenny , Simpson Sharon 
Published: September 2014

Obesity and excess gestational weight gain (GWG) are linked to increased complications during pregnancy, birth and postpartum. This study aimed to explore the feasibility of group-based weight management for obese pregnant women. At booking, pregnant women with a body mass index (BMI) >30 kg/m2 were invited to weekly weight management groups, facilitated by a midwife and Slimming World consultant, providing diet and lifestyle, goal setting and general pregnancy advice. Attendance was until 6 weeks postpartum. 148 women with a mean age of 32 years (5.3 SD) and BMI of 37.4 kg/m2 (5.5 SD) attended. 85% (n=126) went to >3 and 65% (n=96) >6 sessions. The mean birth weight for 132 newborns was 3.53 kg (0.49 SD) and for the 39 women losing weight, 3.59 kg (0.35 SD). Of the 132 births, 48% were spontaneous vaginal delivery; 89% (115) initiated breastfeeding; 70% were still breastfeeding 28 days post-delivery. The healthy eating and lifestyle in pregnancy (HELP) group proved to be an acceptable intervention providing women with the ability to control weight gain during pregnancy, as well as maintaining a healthy lifestyle postpartum. Although the study was underpowered and exploratory, restricting GWG did not have a negative impact on the birth weights or other birth outcomes. Indeed, more babies were born in the healthy weight range to those women who lost weight during pregnancy.
Properties of Commercial Kraft Paper Honeycomb Furniture Stock Panels Conditioned under 65 and 95 Percent Relative Humidity
Authors: Semple Kate E. , Sam-Brew Solace , Deng James , Cote Francine , Yan Ning , Chen Zheng , Smith Gregory D. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Physical and mechanical properties of a range of commercially produced kraft paper honeycomb stock panels were assessed to provide technical information of interest to primary and secondary manufacturers and product end users. Five groups of four replicate panels each 44.45 mm in thickness were fabricated by Panolite Industries, Lac Megantic, Quebec, from unlaminated 6.3- and 9.5-mm-thick medium-density fiberboard (MDF) and particleboard (PB), and 3.2-mm-thick veneered hardboard (HB). At 65 percent relative humidity (RH) sandwiches made from MDF were superior in mechanical properties to those made from PB. Marked differences in flexural properties were found for 3.2-mm veneered HB; this type of facing and the sandwich structure made from it is significantly greater in flexure when the wood veneer runs parallel to the long axis of the panel. For PB and MDF facings, sandwiches were stronger and stiffer if made from thicker facing material (9.5 mm), and there was a small but significant effect of honeycomb ribbon orientation: an orientation parallel to the long axis of the panel/test specimen gives the sandwich greater resistance to deformation under load. Conditioning facing materials and sandwich specimens under 95 percent RH over 45 days caused loss of strength properties of up to 50 percent, especially for 6.3-mm MDF.
FLΔG Collective: Praxis between the educational turn and the art school
Authors: Collective FLΔG 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
This article will explore the FLΔG Collective’s ‘cake methodology’ developed to enable a shared praxis between a group of multi-level (B.A., M.A., Ph.D.) fine art students and staff. Cake methodology is a term developed to frame FLΔG’s working methods analytically by describing the methods and exploring how these approaches may have a critical purpose both within and potentially outside the art educational institution. The methods include baking and sharing cakes within the group and with participants, but rely on forms of engagement that move beyond the association with food or eating. Praxis, as the process by which a theory, lesson or skill is enacted, practiced or performed, is central to our approach, and was developed through an exploration of, and engagement with, the ‘educational turn’ in the contemporary art world. FLΔG, however, re-turned the exploration of pedagogy and art to the academy, and cake methodology emerged as part of this ‘re-turn’. The praxis afforded by this re-turn can thus perhaps provide a perspective on current higher art education and on aspects of relational and socially engaged art practice. Two FLΔG events will be used to exemplify this methodology: Workshop in the Workshop at Chelsea School of Arts (2014) and Quiet Cake Conversation at The Showroom Gallery (2013).
Some observations on commitment and dialogue
Authors: Lillebostad Sissel 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The aim of the Creative Curating at Bergen Academy of Art and Design, Norway, is to create an understanding of what it takes to shape and carry out curatorial projects. The programme is built around two focal points: the development of individual projects realized in ‘real-life’ and the internal exchange of knowledge during the seminars. One of the questions raised in the process of creating the programme was how to institute numerous voices as an integral part of the learning environment. Theoretical sources for this article come from Mikhail Bakhtin and Paulo Freire. Both discuss dialogue as part of a learning environment. Bakhtin sees the dialogue as an on-going event that involves manifold voices of the past and the future. For Freire dialogue is a creative activity; it happens between people with common interest and mutual respect. Both underline how real dialogue can challenge pre-conceived ideas, demanding and creating critical thinking.
Standing-wave solutions to a system of
non-linear Klein–Gordon equations with a small energy/charge ratio
Authors: Garrisi Daniele 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
We prove the existence of standing-wave solutions to a system of
non-linear Klein–Gordon equations on ℝ
N
with N ≥ 3.
Our solutions are characterised by a small energy/charge ratio,
appropriately defined.
Patent Valuation under Spatial Point Processes with Delayed and Decreasing Jump Intensity
Authors: Cerqueti Roy , Ventura Marco 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis article is set within the real options approach applied to patent valuation. Such evaluation is based on the knowledge of the impact of some events on the underlying state, which is modeled in discrete time as a spatial point process, i.e. both size and time of the jumps can be treated as random variables. This assumption allows us to improve upon the current theory of patent valuation in some respects. In particular, the propagation of the jumps from the economic environment to the patent value is not restricted to be immediate, but can occur with a random delay and with varying intensity, depending on the time to maturity. These actual features lead to a more general formula for patent value that may give rise to a non-trivial difference not accounted for in the existing literature.
Transcriptome sequencing of the marine microalga, Chlorella pyrenoidosa (Chlorophyta), and analysis of carbonic anhydrase expression under salt stress
Authors: Sun Xue , Wang Weiwei , Shen Jia , Xu Nianjun 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
In this study, the transcriptome of the marine microalga, Chlorella pyrenoidosa 820, was sequenced by high-throughput RNA-seq using Illumina HiSeq 2000. Because the genome sequence of this species is unknown, the resulting transcriptome was assembled de novo and annotated. This resulted in 4.71G clean nucleotides with a 56.91% GC content and yielded a total of 36,826 unigenes with a mean length of 1089 nt. Among these, 23,015 unigenes were annotated in the NCBI-NR, NCBI-NT, Swiss-Prot, KEGG, COG, and GO databases with a cutoff E-value of 10-5. In the annotated sequences, 21 unigenes were identified as carbonic anhydrase (CA), which is an important enzyme in the CO2-concentrating mechanism (CCM), and were homologous to nine α-, eight β-, and four γ-CAs. Interestingly, the expression of three CA subtypes, including one α-, one β-, and one γ-CA, analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR, showed induction by high salinity. These results will enrich the CA gene information in the database and will help understand CCM in the genus Chlorella.
The Robustness of Honesty Effects on Budget Proposals when the Superior has Rejection Authority
Authors: Douthit Jeremy D. , Stevens Douglas E. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT
Rankin, Schwartz, and Young (2008) find experimental evidence that manipulating whether the budget request of the subordinate requires a factual assertion has no effect on budgetary slack when the superior can reject the budget. This calls into question the role of honesty in participative budgeting settings. Using Rankin et al.'s (2008) manipulation to capture honesty effects, we examine the robustness of honesty effects on budget proposals when the superior has rejection authority in two experiments. In Experiment 1, we document that honesty has a strong effect on budgetary slack when the salience of distributional fairness is reduced by withholding the relative pay of the superior from the subordinate. In Experiment 2, we document that honesty continues to have a strong effect on budgetary slack when the salience of reciprocity is increased by giving the superior the ability to set the subordinate's salary. Thus, our evidence suggests that honesty effects on budget proposals are generally robust to giving the superior rejection authority. Our study helps explain prior experimental results and clarifies the role of honesty in participative budgeting settings.
Data Availability: Experimental data are available from the authors upon request.
A forgotten biliary stent for 17 years: Presented with perforated gallbladder and stentolith
Authors: Patel Tejas J. , Rajput Sanjay , Patel K. S. , Haribhakti Sanjiv P. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractEndoscopic biliary stent placement is a well-established, safe, and minimally invasive modality for the treatment of choledocholithiasis and other biliary diseases. Over the past decade, there has been an increase in its prevalence and use. We present an unusual case of forgotten biliary stent for 17 years who presented now with gangrenous cholecystitis and sealed the perforation. A large stentolith had also developed which was cleared with endoscopic retrograde cholengiography and re-stenting followed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Initial Experience of Utilizing Real-Time Intra-Procedural PET/CT Biopsy
Authors: Aparici Carina Mari , Aslam Rizwan , Win Aung Zaw 
Published: September 2014

Objectives:Nonreal-time Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) biopsies that use the image co-registration of a prior PET with an intra-procedural CT have been reported. The aim of this study was to report the initial experience of performing real-time intra-procedural PET/CT-guided biopsies.Materials and Methods:All patients (n= 4) had a prior PET/CT examination of the concerning lesion and no significant CT correlate. On the day of the biopsy, 5 mCi of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) or NaF18 was intravenously injected. After 60 min of biodistribution of the molecular probe, PET/CT images were obtained in a limited one bed position over the region of the concerning lesion to be biopsied.Results:One patient had a mesenteric mass and the other three had bone lesions, one located in the rib and two in the iliac bone. The pathology report revealed that two lesions (50%) were malignant and two lesions (50%) were benign. The results of the biopsy changed management in all cases. There was 0% complication rate.Conclusions:No additional software or hardware is required to perform real-time intra-procedural PET/CT-guided biopsies. It can optimize the yield, especially in cases where there are no anatomical abnormalities. Real-time intra-procedural PET/CT biopsy may have benefits over conventional biopsy techniques in terms of accuracy.
Production of dissolved organic carbon enriched in deoxy sugars representing an additional sink for biological C drawdown in the Amazon River plume
Authors: Meador Travis B. , Aluwihare Lihini I. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn North Atlantic waters impacted by discharges from the Amazon and Orinoco Rivers, where planktonic diatom‐diazotroph associations (DDA) were active, we observed that an average (± standard deviation) of 61 ± 12% of the biological drawdown of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) was partitioned into the accumulating total organic carbon pool, representing a flux of up to 9 ± 4 Tg C yr−1. This drawdown corresponded with chemical alteration of ultrafiltered dissolved organic matter (UDOM), including increases in stable C isotopic composition (δ13C) and C:N. The dissolved carbohydrate component of UDOM also increased with biological DIC drawdown and diatom‐associated diazotroph (i.e., Richelia) abundance. New carbohydrates could be distinguished by distinctively high relative abundances of deoxy sugars (up to 55% of monosaccharides), which may promote aggregate formation and enhance vertical carbon export. The identified production of non‐Redfieldian, C‐enriched UDOM thus suggests a mechanism to explain enhanced C sequestration associated with DDA N2 fixation, which may be widespread in mesohaline environments.
New frequency‐based real‐time magnitude proxy for earthquake early warning
Authors: Ziv A. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe two frequency‐based magnitude proxies currently employed by earthquake early warning systems in California are the predominant and the characteristic periods. These proxies, obtained using simple expressions that are valid for noise‐free monochromatic signals, yield erroneous result. The log‐average period, τlog, introduced in this study, is calculated directly from the actual velocity spectrum of the first few seconds of the seismic record. Using data from South California and Japan consisting of 440 earthquakes whose magnitudes range between 3 and 7.3, it is demonstrated that τlog is better correlated with the catalog magnitude than the predominant period and provides better magnitude assessment than the characteristic period for small magnitudes (M<4). The average prediction error is reduced with increasing the input interval up to 6 s. It appears that a single linear scaling describes the relation between log(τlog) and the catalog magnitude for the entire magnitude range studied here.
Modeled dependence of wind and waves on ocean temperature in tropical cyclones
Authors: Phibbs Samuel , Toumi Ralf 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA coupled ocean‐atmosphere‐wave model is used to investigate the sensitivity of surface wind speed and significant wave height to ocean temperature for idealized tropical cyclones (TCs). More intense and larger TCs, with higher waves, form when ocean temperature is increased. The maximum significant wave height increases more than the maximum wind speed for TCs up to hurricane force wind. However, above hurricane force wind the change in maximum wind speed is similar or greater than the change in maximum significant wave height. This can be explained by the wind drag coefficient decreasing as wind speed exceeds hurricane force wind, so that the growth of waves is dampened. The areal footprint of wave height grows considerably more than the maximum as ocean temperature is increased. This suggests a large increase in the surface area of damaging waves generated by TCs may be the dominant impact of a future warmer ocean.
Development of fine‐resolution analyses and expanded large‐scale forcing properties: 1. Methodology and evaluation
Authors: Li Zhijin , Feng Sha , Liu Yangang , Lin Wuyin , Zhang Minghua , Toto Tami , Vogelmann Andrew M. , Endo Satoshi 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe produce fine‐resolution, three‐dimensional fields of meteorological and other variables for the U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plains site. The Community Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation system is implemented in a multiscale data assimilation (MS‐DA) framework that is used within the Weather Research and Forecasting model at a cloud‐resolving resolution of 2 km. The MS‐DA algorithm uses existing reanalysis products and constrains fine‐scale atmospheric properties by assimilating high‐resolution observations. A set of experiments show that the data assimilation analysis realistically reproduces the intensity, structure, and time evolution of clouds and precipitation associated with a mesoscale convective system. Evaluations also show that the large‐scale forcing derived from the fine‐resolution analysis has an overall accuracy comparable to the existing ARM operational product. For enhanced applications, the fine‐resolution fields are used to characterize the contribution of subgrid variability to the large‐scale forcing and to derive hydrometeor forcing, which are presented in companion papers.
Image Processing
Authors: Cressie Noel , Davidson Jennifer L. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractImage processing consists of operations on an image whose result is another image. This article reviews many of these, placing particular emphasis on mathematical and statistical operations. Statistical image processing considers operations that can be evaluated according to their expected loss, which is a criterion that compares any estimated image to the true image. As the true image is unknown, a probability distribution (e.g., a Markov random field) is postulated for it, which is sometimes called theprior distributionof the image. Then, from the prior and the noise distribution of the observed image given the true image, the posterior distribution can be obtained from Bayes’ theorem. This distribution, of the true image given the noisy image, is high dimensional and may be difficult to calculate in practice. Statistically optimal algorithms that restore, segment, reconstruct, or extract features of an image are obtained by minimizing the posterior expected loss, where the loss function may depend on the operation being considered. Other topics covered include mathematical morphology, histogram equalization, boundary detection, feature extraction, and pattern recognition. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computer Vision, Statistics in
Authors: Chellappa Rama , Roy Chowdhury Amit K. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Computer Vision (CV) broadly refers to the discipline where extraction of useful 2D and/or 3D information from one or more images is of interest. Useful information could consist of features such as edges, lines, curves and textures, or information about depth, motion, object descriptions, etc. CV problems are usually ill‐posed inverse problems. Since the image data is usually obtained from sensors such as video cameras, infrared, radar, etc., the information extraction processes often have to deal with data that is corrupted by noise from the sensors and the environment. Statistics can help in obtaining robust and accurate solutions to these inverse problems by modeling the noise processes. We present here a broad overview of the applications of statistics to different computer vision problems and explain in detail two particular applications, tracking and motion analysis, where statistical approaches have been used very successfully.