bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of preoperative systemic capsaicin on tooth sensitivity after in-office bleaching: A pilot study
Authors: Samimi Pouran , Kachuie Marzie , Jafarian Abbas , Shahtouri Maryam Montazeri , Khoroushi Maryam 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Tooth bleaching sensitivity (TBS) after bleaching procedures is a common problem. This study was undertaken to determine the effect of preoperative systemic capsaicin on tooth sensitivity (TS) after in-office bleaching procedures.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty participants received the treatment in this clinical trial. The subjects were randomly assigned to two groups (n = 15). Placebo and 0.25% capsaicin were administered three times daily for 24 h, with the first dose being administrated 1 h before the bleaching procedure. The subjects underwent two bleaching sessions at a 2-week interval by applying 40% hydrogen peroxide gel on six upper anterior teeth. A visual analog scale (VAS) was used to evaluate TS. Data were analyzed with SPSS 24. Statistical analyses were carried out with the Wilcoxon test and paired t-test. Statistical significance was set at P ≤ 0.05.

Results:
In the capsaicin group, there was a significant increase in TBS between the immediate and 1-h postoperative intervals and a significant decrease between 1- and 24-h postoperative intervals (P = 0.01 and P = 0.000, respectively). In the placebo group, there was a significant decrease between immediate and 24-h and between 1- and 24-h postoperative intervals (P = 0.007, P = 0.02). Milder TS was detected in the placebo group 24 h after bleaching (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Under the limitations of this study, preoperative use of systemic capsaicin did not significantly affect TS after the in-office bleaching procedure.
Study of Etiological Spectrums, Symptoms, and Management of Intestinal Obstruction Among Population in Central India
Authors: Jatkar Girish , Singarwad Yogesh , Bhuyar Surendra , Rathod Vinod 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Intestinal obstruction has emerged as a challenging emergency putting unwanted financial as well as clinical burden globally. A study on etiology, symptoms, and management could benefit in treating larger population of the region.

Aim:
The study aimed to study the demography, etiology, symptoms, and management of intestinal obstruction among a population in central India.

Materials and Methods:
A single-center prospective observational study of intestinal obstruction was done among patients admitted to various surgical wards, during the period from January 1, 2018, to May 31, 2019. Here, we studied 50 cases of intestinal obstruction. Patients belonged to the age groups ranging from 15 to 85 years were included. Patients were selected on the basis of clinical history, physical findings, and radiological and hematological investigations. For statistical analysis, Chi-square and Fisher exact tests were performed.

Results:
There were a total of 12,233 admissions among which 228 cases were acute intestinal obstruction, we randomly selected 50 cases for the present study. Males were 72% (n = 36) and females were 28% (n = 14). The age groups 31–40 (20%) and 51–60 (20%) showed the highest incidence. Postoperative adhesions (40%), obstructive hernia (30%), and malignancy (14%) were the major causes of obstruction. Surgical intervention was carried out with release of adhesions in majority of cases (40%), resection anastomosis in 22%, and release of adhesions with herniorrhaphy in 18% of cases. Pain in the abdomen was a major symptom (88%) among the cases. The mortality rate was 14% of the total subjects involved in the study.

Conclusion:
Acute intestinal obstruction remains an important surgical emergency in the surgical field, success in the treatment depends largely upon early diagnosis and proper management and treatment of pathological effects of the obstruction. Postoperative adhesions are one of the main causes responsible for intestinal obstruction.
Effect of Iron Deficiency Anemia on HbA1c Levels Among Diabetic and Nondiabetic Patients
Authors: Srinath Kenkere Marulaiah , Akash N. , Siddappa Adarsh Lakkur , Madhu Basave Gowda , Shashidhara K. C. , Ramaswamy Prasanna Kumar Hassan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims:
Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is widely used for assessment of glycemic status and diagnosis of diabetes. HbA1c levels are influenced by age, ethnicity, and conditions that alter the red cell turnover or survival. We aimed to assess the effect of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) on HbA1c levels among adult diabetic and nondiabetic patients and correlate HbA1c with iron profile.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was carried out among 150 patients, of whom 50 were diagnosed diabetics with IDA, 50 were nondiabetics with IDA, and 50 were controls. They were investigated for hemogram, renal function test, HbA1c, and iron profile.

Results:
Mean HbA1c value among controls was 5.03 ± 0.34%, among diabetics with IDA was 8.69 ± 0.92%, and among nondiabetics with IDA was 5.87 ± 0.76% and this difference was statistically significant. Total iron binding capacity (TIBC) was 332.54 ± 58.32 µg/dL among controls, 420.63 ± 119.03 µg/dL among nondiabetics with IDA, and 495.88 ± 126.79 µg/dL among diabetics with IDA. Pearson’s correlation coefficient of HbA1c with serum ferritin was -0.444, with serum iron was -0.357, and with TIBC was 0.476.

Conclusion:
HbA1c levels are elevated in diabetes with IDA. HBA1c is negatively correlated with serum iron and ferritin and positively correlated with TIBC.
Penetrating Trauma to the Abdomen Following a Bull Attack: A Case Report
Authors: Thander Paramita , Afrose Sayeda , Dam Rana , Halder Pankaj K. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Bull attacks are a common mode of injury in rural areas. It causes both blunt and penetrating trauma to the abdomen and chest. Blunt trauma to the abdomen may lead to hollow-viscous or solid organ injuries. Penetrating trauma can lead to rib injuries, hemothorax, mesenteric tears, gut perforation, etc. The majority of victims are men since they participate in hunting, spend more time outdoors, or take care of animals in open spaces. We report the successful management of a 56-year-old man who presented with penetrating trauma to the abdomen and right anterior chest wall due to a bull attack.
Non-VACTERL Association of Pure Esophageal Atresia with Lumbar Meningocele and White Forelock of Hair: A Case Report
Authors: Jhalani Ajay D. , Prajapati Sahaj , Tuteja Neeraj , Chaturvedi Vinita 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
After the introduction of term VATER for the association of anomalies of vertebra, anorectum, tracheoesophageal, and renal systems by Quan and Smith in 1973, cardiac and limb defects were added by Nora and Nora in 1975, and the acronym was extended to VACTERL. However, other defects such as genitourinary, neural tube defects, and cleft lip or palate are even more common than the VACTERL association. A white forelock of hair is often associated with Hirschsprung’s disease and is considered a part of neurocristopathies but rarely seen with the esophageal atresia (EA) and meningocele. We are reporting such a rare case of EA associated with meningocele and white forelock.

Case Report:
A one-day-old male baby presented to the emergency room with complaints of respiratory distress, frothing of saliva, and swelling at the back with a white forelock. The baby was diagnosed as pure EA with meningocele, and a surgical repair of both anomalies was done at the same sitting. The baby could not survive due to prematurity, low-birth weight, and multiple congenital anomalies.

Conclusion:
Presence of white forelock along with this kind of associations should raise the suspicion of severe life-threatening congenital anomalies, and the baby should be kept under neonatal intensive care.
Extracting Hidden Patterns of Iranian User Trust in Social Networks Regarding Coronavirus Disease 2019 Using Data Mining Techniques
Authors: Jangi Majid , Jahanbakhsh Maryam , Tavakoli Nahid , Bagherian Hossein , Ehteshami Asghar , Isfahani Sakineh Saghaeian Nejad , Sattari Mohammad 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Aim:
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused the use of social networks in the field of information acquisition and transmission to increase, whereas the validity of the information available is questionable. Because people’s trust in these networks is important, this study aimed to utilize three data mining techniques to identify the hidden rules for detecting the user trust level of social networks in the context of COVID-19.

Materials and Methods:
An electronic questionnaire containing 27 questions was provided to users. Out of the 12 questions selected, the final question asked about the level of user trust in social networks and was considered the target class. Based on the range in value, question 12 was divided into five classes. The relevance of the remaining 11 questions was then assessed using three decision tree-based data mining techniques.

Results:
The results showed that the random forest technique performed better than the other techniques. Most social network users have a moderate level of trust in information regarding COVID-19; in fact, the medium class is the most widely used target class with 60% utilization rate, which affects sensitivity and specificity. The values of these measures were much higher for this class than for the other classes.

Conclusion:
The educational content, both its type and the amount, regarding COVID-19 that is provided on social networks, impact on user trust. As the existence of inconsistent information has had a negative impact on user trust, a small percentage of users have high trust in these networks.
Evaluation of Guilan University of Medical Sciences medical interns’ attitudes regarding breaking bad news to patients based on the SPIKES model, 2020 to 2022
Authors: Khoshrang Hossein , Pourvakhshoori Negar , Mohammadian Roshan Maede , Dadgaran Ideh 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:
Bad news may be defined as “any information which adversely and seriously affects an individual’s view of his or her future.” It seems necessary for physicians to use a specific method to break the bad news to patients properly. Due to the importance of this skill and its effects on patient’s hope and motivation to continue his treatment process, in this study, we evaluate the interns of Guilan University of Medical Sciences’ attitude to breaking bad news (BBN) to the patients based on strategy for BBN, perception of condition or seriousness, invitation from the patient to give information, knowledge: giving medical facts, explore emotions, and sympathize (SPIKES) model in 2020–2022.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
In this cross-sectional study in Iran, 153 Guilan University of Medical Sciences interns were selected as a census sample in 2020–2022. A self-administered questionnaire collected the information with standard tests confirming its reliability and validity. The collected data were described and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 16. The Chi-square test was used to measure the statistical relationship between the demographic variables and the entire questionnaire. Also, a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used to measure the relationship between the average age and the scores obtained from the four main areas and the entire questionnaire. A statistical level of less than 0.05 was considered significant.

RESULTS:
43.1% of the interns were men, and 56.9% were women. The mean attendance age was 26.12 ± 1.32, the minimum age was 23, and the maximum was 33. Only 8.5% of the interns in this study had been taught about BBN, and most participants announced that they feel pressure and anxiety when BBN to patients. The attitude of interns in this study was not satisfying in all four parts of the study: individual preference (54.2% of participants showed poor attitude), preparing environmental conditions for BBN (60.8% of participants showed poor attitude), how to break bad news (52.3% of participants showed poor attitude), and the things that are done after BBN (52.9% of participants showed poor attitude).

CONCLUSION:
Based on the results, the attitude of the interns who had participated in this study was not satisfactory. Due to the importance of this communication skill to reduce physician anxiety and best control patients’ reactions, managing courses in the undergraduate curriculum seems necessary.
Does irritable bowel syndrome plague our budding doctors? – A study from an Indian medical college
Authors: Banerjee Sreya , Miriam Abraham Lydia , Gopakumar Radhika , Harithasree L. , Chauhan Hima , Holla Ramesh , Sardesai Aashlesha , Achappa Basavaprabhu 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a lifestyle disease associated with significant morbidity and healthcare expenses. Although the pathophysiology of this disease remains obscure till date, there are many possible predisposing factors that have been described. Medical education is extremely demanding and taxing, with students facing multiple stressors throughout their course. Stress and mental illnesses being one of the main risk factors for IBS, these students are possibly at a much higher risk of suffering from this disease.

OBJECTIVE:
The objective of this article is to study the frequency of IBS among a sample of students in a medical college in India and try to determine the determinants associated with this disease.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This is a cross-sectional study conducted among students studying in Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore. A self-administered World Gastroenterology Organization (WGO) questionnaire was filled by the participants. The responses were analyzed for identifying those likely to be suffering from IBS based on a scoring system and to assess the association between risk categories and IBS.

RESULTS:
Prevalence of IBS among 397 participants was found to be 16.9%. About 20.8% of females suffered from IBS as against 11.4% of males. It was also found that the proportion of medical undergraduates likely to be suffering from IBS was more in those belonging to the NRI category (28.6%), those who consumed a diet which was predominantly vegetarian (19.1%) and less in those staying at home (14.5%).

CONCLUSION:
The proportion of students suffering from IBS was observed to be 16.9% of the sample population with a significant female gender preponderance.
Bereavement due to COVID-19 pandemic among school-going adolescents - A cross-sectional study in district Dehradun
Authors: Chaudhary Deepshikha , Semwal Jayanti , Sharma Neha , Srivastava Malini , Avinash Priya Ranjan 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:
Millions of people lost their loved ones due to the COVID-19 pandemic; this dire situation had an impact on almost every aspect of the daily life of every person. However, most of the individuals adapted to their losses nearly 2-10% of the population experienced dysfunctional grief in which adolescents were also affected. Aims and Objectives: Prime objective of the study was to assess dysfunctional grief due to loss from COVID-19 Pandemic among adolescents and to find out the coping strategies used by them to overcome this grief.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The study was conducted among school-going adolescents of District Dehradun. A pre-designed, pre-tested, self-administered, semi-structured questionnaire including socio-demographic details, COVID-19-related questions and Pandemic Grief Scale (Cronbach alpha-0.77) was used in the offline survey.

RESULTS:
Out of 690 study participants, a total of 151 (21.8%) adolescents lost their loved ones due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Of these, 9.93% were facing dysfunctional grief due to their loss. To overcome this grief, coping strategies used by study participants were mainly phone and internet usage (78%) followed by watching TV (73.8%) and sleeping (68.1%).

CONCLUSION:
Adolescents who experienced loss and were grieved are more at high risk of developing psychological disorders, particularly depression, anxiety, and physical illness, that might affect their education and overall development. Though to tackle the mental health crisis in the country Tele-Mental Health Assistance and Networking Across States (Tele-MANAS) has been initiated, still there is a lack of clarity regarding the structure and range of services provided by Tele-MANAS centers set up under the National Tele-Mental Health Program (NTMHP). Timely intervention and research to take solid steps to diminish the potential adverse effects of bereavement on adolescents’ mental health is necessary.
Tutor assessment of medical students in problem-based learning sessions
Authors: Khawaji Bader , Masuadi Emad , Alraddadi Abdulrahman , Khan Muhammad Anwar , Aga Syed Sameer , Al-Jifree Hatim , Magzoub Mohi Eldin 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:
Problem-based learning (PBL) is a method of learning that has been adopted in different curricula of different disciplines for more than 30 years; the assessment of the students in PBL sessions in medical schools is fundamental to ensure students’ attainment of the expected outcomes of conducting PBL sessions and in providing the students with the feedback that help them to develop and encourage their learning. This study investigated the inter-rater reliability of the tutor assessment in assessing medical students’ performance in their PBL tutorial sessions.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This study was conducted in the College of Medicine (COM), in the academic year 2021–2022. The study involved ten raters (tutors) of two genders who assessed 33 students in three separate PBL tutorial sessions. The PBL sessions were prerecorded and shown to the 10 raters for their assessment of PBL sessions.

RESULTS:
This study showed that male raters gave higher scores to students compared with female raters. In addition, this investigation showed low inter-rater reliability and poor agreement among the raters in assessing students’ performance in PBL tutorial sessions.

CONCLUSION:
This study suggests that PBL tutor assessment should be reviewed and evaluated; this should be performed with consideration of using assessment domains and criteria of performance. Thus, we recommend that 360-degree assessment including tutor, self, and peer assessment should be used to provide effective feedback to students in PBL tutorial sessions.
The effects of web-based education on health-promoting behaviors of first-year medical sciences students: A quasi-experimental study
Authors: Khajavi Nazanin , Mohsenzadeh-Ledari Farideh , Sepidarkish Mahdi , Pasha Hajar , Adib-Rad Hajar , Ezoji Khadijeh , Omidvar Shabnam 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:
Students, as a representative of young adults, are at risk for engagement in unhealthy lifestyle behaviors such as unhealthy eating, unhealthy relationships, and drug abuse. Health-promoting lifestyle (HPL) largely depends on adequate knowledge of healthy behaviors and hence, education is a strategy with potential positive effects on lifestyle. This study aimed at evaluating the effects of web-based education (WBE) on HPL among first-year medical sciences students.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This quasi-experimental study was conducted in 2020 with a single-group pretest-posttest design. Participants were 185 first-year bachelor’s and doctoral medical sciences students selected from Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran, through multistage sampling. Study intervention was a three-week web-based educational program on HPL. Educational videos about the different components of HPL were sent to participants through WhatsApp. Data were collected before, one month after, and three months after the study intervention through the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP2) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). The STATA software (v. 16.0) was used for data analysis.

RESULTS:
Among 185 participants, 154 (83.69%) participants completed the study. The mean scores of HPL and its health responsibility and stress management subscales significantly increased by 4.58 (95% CI: 0.12, 9.04), 1.77 (95% CI: 0.39, 3.15), and 0.71 (95% CI: 0.13, 1.26), respectively. However, the mean scores of the nutrition, interpersonal relations, physical activity, and self-actualization subscales of HPL and the mean score of general health did not significantly change (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSION:
WBE has significant positive effects on HPL and its health responsibility and stress management subscales. Therefore, WBE through social media can be used to improve HPL among young adults, particularly students.
Predictors of self-care behaviors in patients with hypertension: The integrated model of theories of “planned behavior” and “protection motivation”
Authors: Eslamimehr Farnaz , Hosseini Zahra , Aghamolaei Teamur , Nikparvar Marzieh , Ghanbarnejad Amin 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:
Assessment of self-care behaviors in patients with hypertension may provide clinicians and practitioners with important information about how to better control hypertension. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the predictors of self-care behaviors in patients with hypertension based on an integrated model of theories of planned behavior and protection motivation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The present cross-sectional study was part of a larger study, conducted in 2022 on 344 hypertensive patients from Khamir County in Hormozgan Province in Iran. The sample was selected through a systematic random sampling. The patients completed a researcher-made questionnaire based on constructs of the theory of planned behavior and protection motivation theory. They also completed, Hypertension Self-Care Activity Level Effects (H-SCALE), Hypertension Knowledge-Level Scale (HK-LS), and a demographic questionnaire. The data were analyzed in SPSS 21 using the Pearson correlation coefficient, independent-samples T test, one-way ANOVA, and linear regression analysis.

RESULTS:
The participants’ mean age was 47.34 ± 13.68 years. Adherence to medication, physical activity, weight management, diet, and nonsmoking scores were 42.7, 27.3, 66.3, 14.2, and 81.1, respectively. The linear regression model showed that behavioral beliefs (β = 0.366, P < 0.001), perceived rewards (β = −0.248, P < 0.001), control beliefs (β = 0.133, P = 0.013), and normative beliefs (β = 0.143, P = 0.025) were the major predictors of self-care behaviors in patients with hypertension.

CONCLUSION:
In light of the present findings, it can be concluded that it is crucial to change patients’ attitudes toward self-care behaviors and improve the social acceptance of behavior and its development in society, and improve patients’ control beliefs through goal-oriented education that develops resistance against the perceived rewards of the unfavorable behavior. Considering these constructs can act as strategies to promote self-care behaviors among patients.