bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cancer detection and management in patients with haemophilia: a retrospective European multicentre study
Authors: Biron‐Andreani C. , de Moerloose P. , D'oiron R. , Chambost H. , Schved J.‐F. , Hermans C. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryLymphomas or hepatocarcinomas related to blood‐borne transmitted diseases are well‐known malignancies in persons with haemophilia (PWH). However, rising life expectancy has increased the number of PWH suffering from other malignancies. This study aimed to collect cancer occurrence data in PWH followed in five European haemophilia treatment centres (Brussels, Geneva, Marseille, Montpellier and Paris‐Bicêtre) over the last 10 years and to analyse some particular features of cancer occurring in PWH. In total, 45 malignancies were diagnosed in 1067 PWH. The most common malignancies were hepatocellular carcinoma (12/45) and urogenital tract tumours (9/45). Bleeding at presentation or changes in bleeding pattern was indicative of cancer in four patients. Three patients with mild haemophilia developed anti‐factor VIII inhibitors after intensive substitution therapy prior to surgery or invasive procedures. There was no bleeding associated with chemotherapy or radiotherapy. A few bleeding complications occurred following invasive (3/39) or surgical procedures (2/27) as a result of insufficient hemostatic coverage or in spite of adequate substitution. No bleeding was noted after liver or prostate biopsies. Following cancer diagnosis, five patients were switched from on‐demand to prolonged prophylaxis substitution. In the majority of cases, the standard cancer treatment protocol was not modified on account of concomitant haemophilia. Thus, oncological treatments are not contraindicated and should not be withheld in PWH assuming that adequate haemostasis correction is undertaken. As shown by our study results, a change in bleeding pattern in adult PWH should raise suspicion of a malignancy. Intensive substitution must be considered a risk factor for inhibitor development.
Colleges and the Governance of Higher Education
Authors: Parry Gareth 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe governance of higher education in colleges and college sectors that offer other types of education and training is distinctive in four main respects. First, governance structures are frequently separate and different for higher education and for other segments of tertiary education. Second, the size and scope of the higher‐level education taught by individual institutions will bear on the extent to which the management and governance arrangements in colleges are joint or divided. Third, the growth of small and distributed forms of higher‐level education has created specific problems and dilemmas for national and sub‐national governance. Fourth, the multiple missions of many colleges continue to pose questions about their educational and organisational coherence and governability. It is only in recent years that a base of evidence has been available to comprehend these developments, although definitional difficulties and data deficiencies remain.
Meeting report: 2nd international conference: antibody incompatible transplantation and transplant infectious disease
Authors: Lowe D. , Higgins R. , Krishnan N. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryThe 2nd International Conference on Antibody Incompatible Transplantation and Transplant Infectious Disease took place at the University of Warwick on 23rd and 24th November 2012. The aims of the meeting were to discuss the pertinent clinical and laboratory issues surrounding antibody incompatible transplantation and to provide a contemporary analysis of transplant infectious disease. This report summarises the key points discussed at the meeting.
A prospective, randomised study of a novel transforming methacrylate dressing compared with a silver‐containing sodium carboxymethylcellulose dressing on partial‐thickness skin graft donor sites in burn patients
Authors: Assadian Ojan , Arnoldo Brett , Purdue Gary , Burris Agnes , Skrinjar Edda , Duschek Nikolaus , Leaper David J 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis prospective, randomised study compares a new transforming methacrylate dressing (TMD) with a silver‐containing carboxymethylcellulose dressing (CMC‐Ag) after application to split‐thickness skin graft (STSG) donor sites. This was an unblinded, non‐inferiority, between‐patient, comparison study that involved patients admitted to a single‐centre burn unit who required two skin graft donor sites. Each patient's donor sites were covered immediately after surgery: one donor site with TMD and the other with CMC‐Ag. The donor sites were evaluated until healing or until 24 days post‐application, whichever came first. Study endpoints were time to healing, daily pain scores, number of dressing changes, patient comfort and physicians' and patients' willingness to use the dressings in the future. Nineteen patients had both the dressings applied. No statistically significant difference was noted in time to healing between the two dressings (14·2 days using TMD compared with 13·2 days using CMC‐Ag). When pain scores were compared, TMD resulted in statistically significantly less pain at three different time periods (2–5 days, 6–10 days and 11–15 days; P < 0·001 at all time periods). Patients also reported greater comfort with TMD (P < 0·001). Users rated TMD as being less easy to use because of the time and technique required for application. Reductions in pain and increased patient comfort with the use of the TMD dressing, compared with CMC‐Ag, were seen as clinical benefits as these are the major issues in donor site management.
Is obesity a risk factor for impaired cognition in young adults with low birth weight?
Authors: Lundgren M. , Morgården E. , Gustafsson J. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryWhat is already known about this subject
Obesity is associated with metabolic disease and impaired cognitive function in adults.
Low birth weight is known to be associated with adult metabolic disease and low intellectual performance.
What this study adds
Adolescent overweight and obesity are associated with increased risk of low intellectual performance.
Overweight/obese adolescents, born with a low weight, have a further increased risk of low intellectual performance.
A high birth weight increases the risk of adolescent obesity.
Overweight/obese adolescents, born with a high weight, do not have a further increased risk of low intellectual performance.
BackgroundOverweight and obesity are risk factors for cardiovascular disease. There is also an association between body mass index (BMI) and cognitive ability. Since low birth weight is associated with adult metabolic disease, particularly in obese subjects, the question emerges whether obesity has an additional negative effect on cognitive function in subjects with low birth weight.ObjectivesThe aim was to analyse whether overweight or obesity influence intellectual performance in young adults with particular focus on those with a low birth weight.MethodsData were collected from the Swedish Medical Birth Register on 620 834 males born between 1973 and 1988 and matched to results on intellectual performance and BMI at conscription.ResultsThe risk for low intellectual performance was higher for those with high BMI compared to those with normal. The highest risk was found among subjects with low birth weight and overweight or obesity in young adulthood (odds ratios, 1.98 [1.73‐2.22] and 2.59 [2.00–3.34], respectively). However, subjects with further high birth weight and a high BMI at conscription had no further increased risk.ConclusionsOverweight and obesity are associated with an increased risk of subnormal intellectual performance in young adult males. Subjects with low birth weight and adolescent overweight/obesity are at particular risk of subnormal performance. A high birth weight increases the risk for obesity, but a high adult BMI does not further increase the risk for subnormal performance.
Size and Lone Pair Effects on the Multiferroic Properties ofBi0.75A0.25FeO3−δ(A = Sr, Pb, and Ba) Ceramics
Authors: Hussain Shahzad , Khurshid Hasanain S. , Hassnain Jaffari G. , Faridi Sabeen , Rehman Foqia , Ali Abbas Turab , Ismat Shah S. 
Published: August 2013

The work presents a comparative study of the effects of divalentBa,Sr, andPbsubstituents on the multiferroic properties ofBiFeO3. The multiferroic properties ofBi0.75A0.25FeO3(A = Sr,Pb,Ba) solid solution have been explained taking into account the effects of size differences and electronic configuration differences between the host element (Bi) and the substituent. X‐ray diffraction studies revealed thatSrandPbsubstitution atBi‐site transforms the rhombohedral phase (R3c) to cubic phase (Pm3m), whereas the Ba‐substituted sample exhibited the presence of both rhombohedral and cubic phases (R3c + Pm3m). Electronic structure studies throughXPSrevealed that charge imbalance induced by divalent substitution was being compensated by the formation of oxygen vacancies, while theFeions exist inFe2+andFe3+states. Replacement of volatileBibySr,Pb, andBareduces the concentration of oxygen vacancies (VO2+) and helps to improve the dielectric properties. Strong magnetization enhancement was observed in the substituted compositions and was seen to be consistent with the suppression of cycloid spin structure due to structural transformation as well as possible changes inFe–Olocal environment leading to local lattice distortion effects. Furthermore, the observed decrease in the values of magnetic coercivity at low temperature in all the substituted samples is explained in terms of reduced effective single ion anisotropy, originating in the magnetoelectric coupling and being a particularly stronger effect in the case of the lone pair dopantPb, consistent with theoretical predictions. The lone pair substituentPbleads to the largest dielectric constant, enhanced magnetization, and large effects on the low‐temperature hysteresis.
A Matter of Respect: On Majority‐Minority Relations in a Liberal Democracy
Authors: Ceva Emanuela , Zuolo Federico 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn this article, we engage critically with the understanding of majority‐minority relations in a liberal democracy as relations of toleration. We make two main claims: first, that appeals to toleration are unable to capture the procedural problems concerning the unequal socio‐political participation of minorities, and, second, that they do not offer any critical tool to establish what judgements the majority is entitled to consider valid reasons for action with respect to some minority. We suggest supplementing the reference to toleration with a specific interpretation of respect for persons; all persons should be treated equally as self‐legislators and as if they were opaque to our judgement as regards their agential abilities, on which their capacity for self‐legislation supervenes. Minorities are disrespected in this sense whenever are treated merely as the addressees of the rules constraining the formulation and pursuit of their life‐plans, rather than as their co‐authors on an equal footing with the majority, and whenever their treatment in politics and society is considered as legitimately influenced by the majority's judgement of their agential abilities, either directly or by indirect inference from the evaluation of the content of their beliefs and practices.
Does Religion Deserve Our Respect?
Authors: Bird Colin 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis article enumerates several different possible construals of the idea that religion is owed respect. It asks: 1. how religion might be an object of respect; 2. what sorts of respect religion might command; and 3. whose respect might be at stake in complaints about and demands for religious recognition. By distinguishing various ways in which these questions can be interpreted, the discussion aims to introduce some clarity to a notoriously controversial and knotty area of public discussion. Although the article does not propose any particular answer to the question ‘Does religion deserve our respect?’, it does urge that theorists give greater attention to the neglected way in which religions have a ‘public presence’ that engenders distinctive sorts of social respect. I suggest that the popularity among academic political theorists and philosophers of a ‘liberal’ paradigm emphasising the importance of freedom of conscience and ‘respect for persons’ has led them to ignore the implications of ‘public presence’ for debates over the place of religion in modern secular societies.
Will the Real Tolerant Racist Please Stand Up?
Authors: Bessone Magali 
Published: August 2013

AbstractOne of the most perplexing paradoxes of toleration concerns the ‘tolerant racist’. According to most current definitions of toleration, a person is considered tolerant if, and only if, 1) he refrains from interfering with something 2) he deeply disapproves of, 3) in spite of having the power to interfere. Hence, a racist who refrains from discriminating against members of races he considers inferior despite having the power to do so, should be considered a tolerant person. Moreover, a person can apparently become more tolerant by increasing the range or degree of his racist disapproval, just as long as he continues not to act against the objectionable object.This paper examines this strongly counterintuitive implication of the standard concept of toleration, by considering in full the meaning and nature of racism(s) and focusing on the power component of toleration. It explores both an exclusive solution and an accommodating solution to the paradox. The first part of the paper shows that none of the standard agent‐oriented views of racism — doxastic, dispositional or volitional — adequately supports either solution. The second part of the paper turns to another, structural account of racism and toleration. It suggests that taking into account an institutional interpretation of toleration as non‐domination and adopting a more socio‐political perspective on racism provides an accommodating solution to the paradox.
The Prevalence of Primary Pediatric Prehypertension and Hypertension in a Real‐World Managed Care System
Authors: Koebnick Corinna , Black Mary H. , Wu Jun , Martinez Mayra P. , Smith Ning , Kuizon Beatriz D. , Jacobsen Steven J. , Reynolds Kristi 
Published: August 2013

To assess the burden associated with hypertension, reliable estimates for the prevalence of pediatric hypertension are vital. For this cross‐sectional study of 237,248 youths aged 6 to 17 years without indication of secondary hypertension, blood pressure (BP) was classified according to age, sex, and height using standards from the Fourth Report on the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents as prehypertension with at least 1 BP ≥90th percentile and as hypertension with 3 BPs ≥95th percentile. The prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension were 31.4% and 2.1%, respectively. An additional 21.4% had either 1 (16.6%) or 2 (4.8%) BPs ≥95th percentile. Based on this large population‐based study using routinely measured BP from clinical care, a remarkable proportion of youth (6.9%) has hypertension or nearly meets the definition of hypertension with 2 documented BPs in the hypertensive range.
Differences between juvenile offenders with and without intellectual disabilities in the importance of static and dynamic risk factors for recidivism
Authors: van der Put C. E. , Asscher J. J. , Stams G. J. J. M. , Moonen X. M. H. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundJuvenile offenders with intellectual disability (ID) have been largely ignored in the literature of risk assessment, while they are overrepresented in the criminal justice system, and ID is a risk factor for juvenile delinquency and recidivism. The aim of this study was to examine whether there are differences between juvenile offenders with and without ID in the impact of risk factors for recidivism. Both the impact of static and dynamic risk factors were examined. Static risk factors were examined in the criminal history domain and dynamic risk factors were examined in the domains of family, school, use of free time, friends, alcohol/drugs, attitude, aggression and skills. This knowledge is important for both assessment and treatment of juvenile offenders with ID.MethodThe sample consisted of adolescents who appeared before the courts for a criminal act and for whom the Washington State Juvenile Court Assessment (WSJCA) was completed. The group of ID juvenile offenders (n = 102) consisted of juvenile offenders with a formal diagnosis of ID, which means a full scale IQ of less than 70, coupled with significant deficits in adaptive behaviour, with childhood onset. The juveniles of this group are special education students or they have a formal diagnosis of a special education need. The group without ID (n = 526), was a random sample of all juvenile offenders without a formal diagnosis of ID.ResultsNo differences were found between juvenile offenders with and without ID in the impact of risk factors on recidivism in most domains. However, in the skills domain, the relations between all risk factors and recidivism were significantly stronger in adolescents without ID than in adolescents with ID. Although not or only borderline statistically significant, these risk factors were all negatively related to recidivism in adolescents with ID, whereas these risk factors were significantly and positively related to recidivism in adolescents without ID.ConclusionsThere are few differences between juvenile offenders with and without ID in the impact of risk factors for recidivism, suggesting that the same assessment methods can be used for juvenile offenders with and without ID. There were, however, differences between juvenile offenders with and without ID in the skills domain. What these differences mean for the treatment of juvenile offenders is yet to be determined. For now it is important to be aware of potential negative (side) effects on recidivism when skills training is offered to juvenile offenders with ID.
Mechanism of cholesterol‐assisted oligomeric channel formation by a short Alzheimer β‐amyloid peptide
Authors: Di Scala Coralie , Troadec Jean‐Denis , Lelièvre Clément , Garmy Nicolas , Fantini Jacques , Chahinian Henri 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAlzheimer β‐amyloid (Aβ) peptides can self‐organize into oligomeric ion channels with high neurotoxicity potential. Cholesterol is believed to play a key role in this process, but the molecular mechanisms linking cholesterol and amyloid channel formation have so far remained elusive. Here, we show that the short Aβ22‐35 peptide, which encompasses the cholesterol‐binding domain of Aβ, induces a specific increase of Ca2+ levels in neural cells. This effect is neither observed in calcium‐free medium nor in cholesterol‐depleted cells, and is inhibited by zinc, a blocker of amyloid channel activity. Double mutations V24G/K28G and N27R/K28R in Aβ22‐35 modify cholesterol binding and abrogate channel formation. Molecular dynamic simulations suggest that cholesterol induces a tilted α‐helical topology of Aβ22‐35. This facilitates the establishment of an inter‐peptide hydrogen bond network involving Asn‐27 and Lys‐28, a key step in the octamerization of Aβ22‐35 which proceeds gradually until the formation of a perfect annular channel in a phosphatidylcholine membrane. Overall, these data give mechanistic insights into the role of cholesterol in amyloid channel formation, opening up new therapeutic options for Alzheimer's disease.
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Aβ22‐35 peptide, which encompasses the cholesterol binding domain of Aβ, induces a specific increase of Ca2+ level in neural cells. Double mutations V24G/K28G and N27R/K28R modify cholesterol binding and abrogate channels formation. Molecular dynamic simulations suggest that cholesterol induces a tilted α‐helical peptide topology facilitating the formation of annular octameric channels, as schematically shown in the graphic (with a hydrogen bond shown in green for two vicinal peptides). Overall, the data give insights into the role of cholesterol in amyloid channel formation and open up new therapeutic options for Alzheimer's disease.
Vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT) transports β‐alanine
Authors: Juge Narinobu , Omote Hiroshi , Moriyama Yoshinori 
Published: August 2013

AbstractVesicular GABA transporter (VGAT) is expressed in GABAergic and glycinergic neurons, and is responsible for vesicular storage and subsequent exocytosis of these inhibitory amino acids. In this study, we show that VGAT recognizes β‐alanine as a substrate. Proteoliposomes containing purified VGAT transport β‐alanine using Δψ but not ΔpH as a driving force. The Δψ‐driven β‐alanine uptake requires Cl−. VGAT also facilitates Cl− uptake in the presence of β‐alanine. A previously described VGAT mutant (Glu213Ala) that disrupts GABA and glycine transport similarly abrogates β‐alanine uptake. These findings indicated that VGAT transports β‐alanine through a mechanism similar to those for GABA and glycine, and functions as a vesicular β‐alanine transporter.
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Vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT) is expressed in GABAergic and glycinergic neurons, and is responsible for vesicular storage and subsequent exocytosis of these inhibitory amino acids. In the present study, we showed that proteoliposomes containing purified VGAT transport β‐alanine using Δψ as a driving force. VGAT also facilitates Cl− uptake. Our findings indicated that VGAT functions as a vesicular β‐alanine transporter.
JosephLanner,JohannStraussSr and ‘The Future of Rhythm’
Authors: McKee Eric 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn his 1837 article ‘Strauss: His Orchestra, His Waltzes – the Future of Rhythm’,Berlioz advocates treating rhythm as an independent dimension just as fundamental to music as melody and harmony. He observes that ‘the combinations in the realm of rhythm must certainly be as numerous as melodic ones, and the links between them could be made as interesting as for melody.Nothing can be more obvious than that there are rhythmic dissonances, rhythmic consonances, and rhythmic modulations.’ The true pioneers in the field of rhythm, he continues, are Beethoven and Weber – andJohannStraussSr.IcontinueBerlioz's line of thought by examining the use of two‐beat melodic grouping patterns within a notated 3/4 metre byStrauss and his near‐contemporary,JosephLanner, to create rhythmic dissonances, which often (but not necessarily) take the form of melodic hemiola, metrical modulation, and extended anacrusis. My article concludes with some general considerations on the expressive, formal and choreographical implications of metrical dissonance as it relates to the dancers on the Viennese ballroom floor.