bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time to discontinuation of antipsychotic drugs in a schizophrenia cohort: influence of current treatment strategies
Authors: Kroken Rune A. , Kjelby Eirik , Wentzel-Larsen Tore , Mellesdal Liv S. , Jørgensen Hugo A. , Johnsen Erik 
Published: August 2014

Background Rates of discontinuation of antipsychotic treatment for patients with schizophrenia are high and evidence is limited by selective inclusion and high attrition in randomized controlled trials. Aims To study time to discontinuation of antipsychotic treatment for patients with schizophrenia. Method All patients with schizophrenia ( n = 396) discharged between 2005 and 2011 were followed until discontinuation (clinician or patient decided) of antipsychotic treatment or other endpoints. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses (with time on antipsychotic treatment as the dependent variable) using time-dependent variables were performed. Results Clozapine displayed lower risk for all-cause ( p < 0.001), clinician-decided ( p = 0.012) and patient-decided ( p = 0.039) discontinuation versus olanzapine oral treatment in the multivariate Cox regression. Second-generation long-acting injection antipsychotics (LAI) ( p = 0.015) and first-generation long-acting injection antipsychotics ( p = 0.013) showed significantly lower risks for patient-decided discontinuation than olanzapine oral. Conclusion Higher effectiveness of clozapine and LAI treatment versus oral olanzapine were identified in a clinical cohort of patients with schizophrenia.
Human blood BDCA-1 dendritic cells differentiate into Langerhans-like cells with thymic stromal lymphopoietin and TGF-β
Authors: Martínez-Cingolani Carolina , Grandclaudon Maximilien , Jeanmougin Marine , Jouve Mabel , Zollinger Raphaël , Soumelis Vassili 
Published: August 2014

Key PointsHuman blood BDCA-1+ DCs have precursor potential. TSLP can be implicated in LC ontogenesis during inflammation.
Influence of KIR genes and their HLA ligands in the pathogenesis of leprosy in a hyperendemic population of Rondonópolis, Southern Brazil
Authors: Jarduli Luciana Ribeiro , Alves Hugo Vicentin , de Souza-Santana Fabiana Covolo , Marcos Elaine Valim Camarinha , Pereira Ana Carla , Dias-Baptista Ida Maria Foschiani , Fava Vinícius Medeiros , Mira Marcelo Távora , Moraes Milton Ozório , Virmond Marcos da Cunha Lopes , Visentainer Jeane Eliete Laguila 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this study was to investigate the association between KIR genes and the immunopathogenesis of leprosy.MethodsThe types of KIR and HLA genes were evaluated by PCR-SSOP-Luminex in 408 patients with leprosy and 413 healthy individuals. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test and stepwise multivariate analysis.ResultsThere was a higher frequency of activating KIR genes (KIR2DS1,2DS2and3DS1) together with their HLA ligands in the tuberculoid (TT) group as compared to the lepromatous leprosy (LL) group.KIR2DL2/2DL2-C1was more frequent in the patient, TT and LL groups than in the control group. Borderline patients presented a higher frequency of inhibitory pairs when compared to the control group, and a higher frequency of activating pairs as compared to the LL group. Multivariate analysis confirmed the associations and demonstrated that being a female is a protective factor against the development of the diseaseper seand the more severe clinical form.ConclusionsThis study showed that activating and inhibitory KIR genes may influence the development of leprosy – in particular, activating genes may protect against the more aggressive form of the disease – thereby demonstrating the role of NK cells in the immunopathology of the disease.
Effects of direct current electric-field using ITO plate on breast cancer cell migration
Authors: Kim Min Sung , Lee Mi Hee , Kwon Byeong-Ju , Seo Hyok Jin , Koo Min-Ah , You Kyung Eun , Kim Dohyun , Park Jong-Chul 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

Background
Cell migration is an essential activity of the cells in various biological phenomena. The evidence that electrotaxis plays important roles in many physiological phenomena is accumulating. In electrotaxis, cells move with a directional tendency toward the anode or cathode under direct-current electric fields. Indium tin oxide, commonly referred to as ITO has high luminous transmittance, high infrared reflectance, good electrical conductivity, excellent substrate adherence, hardness and chemical inertness and hence, have been widely and intensively studied for many years. Because of these properties of ITO films, the electrotaxis using ITO plate was evaluated.

Results
Under the 0 V/cm condition, MDA-MB-231 migrated randomly in all directions. When 1 V/cm of dc EF was applied, cells moved toward anode. The y forward migration index was -0.046 ± 0.357 under the 0 V/cm and was 0.273 ± 0.231 under direct-current electric field of 1 V/cm. However, the migration speed of breast cancer cell was not affected by direct-current electric field using ITO plate.

Conclusions
In this study, we designed a new electrotaxis system using an ITO coated glass and observed the migration of MDA-MB-231 on direct current electric-field of the ITO glass.
Getting older can be exhausting
Authors: Mittal Rohit , Ford Mandy L , Coopersmith Craig M 
Published: August 2014

AbstractSepsis is a disease that affects primarily the aged. Although mortality is higher in both older septic patients and aged septic mice, the mechanisms underlying decreased survival in older hosts are incompletely understood. New work by Inoue and colleagues demonstrates persistent inflammation and T-cell exhaustion in older septic patients and aged septic mice. The clinical significance of these findings is manifested not only in increased mortality but also in a marked difference in secondary infections in older patients as long as a month following ICU admission.
Green chemistry, sustainable agriculture and processing systems: a Brazilian overview
Authors: Perlatti Bruno , Forim Moacir R , Zuin Vânia G 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
There is a pressing need for renewable and optimal use of resources towards sustainable primary production and processing systems worldwide. Current technologies for food and feedstock production are held accountable for several environmental problems, such as for instance soil and water contamination due to the use of hazardous substances, generation of toxic products and even excess of biomass that is considered waste. To minimize or solve these questions in order to produce an adequate quantity of reliable and healthy food, fibers and other products and energy, new paradigms focusing on sustainable agriculture, bio-based industries or biorefineries have emerged over the last decades. Biorefineries integrate sustainable and environmentally friendly concepts of Green Chemistry with intelligent and integrated farming processes, optimizing the agricultural production. Thermochemical and biochemical processes are excellent alternatives for the production of new classes of renewable biofuels and feedstock, showing relatively small impact on greenhouse gas emissions and important pathways to obtain platform chemicals. This review discusses the current and incipient technological developments for using biomass to generate bio-based chemicals over the last decade, focusing on Green Chemistry concepts towards sustainable agriculture and processing models in Brazil.
The bidirectional tumor - mesenchymal stromal cell interaction promotes the progression of head and neck cancer
Authors: Kansy Benjamin A , Dißmann Philip A , Hemeda Hatim , Bruderek Kirsten , Westerkamp Anna M , Jagalski Vivien , Schuler Patrick , Kansy Katinka , Lang Stephan , Dumitru Claudia A , Brandau Sven 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are an integral cellular component of the tumor microenvironment. Nevertheless, very little is known about MSC originating from human malignant tissue and modulation of these cells by tumor-derived factors. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize MSC from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and to investigate their interaction with tumor cells.

Methods
MSC were isolated from tumor tissues of HNSCC patients during routine oncological surgery. Immunophenotyping, immunofluorescence and in vitro differentiation were performed to determine whether the isolated cells met the consensus criteria for MSC. The cytokine profile of tumor-derived MSC was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Activation of MSC by tumor-conditioned media was assessed by measuring cytokine release and expression of CD54. The impact of MSC on tumor growth in vivo was analyzed in a HNSCC xenograft model.

Results
Cells isolated from HNSCC tissue met the consensus criteria for MSC. Tumor-derived MSC constitutively produced high amounts of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1α. HNSCC-derived factors activated MSC and enhanced secretion of IL-8 and expression of CD54. Furthermore, MSC provided stromal support for human HNSCC cell lines in vivo and enhanced their growth in a murine xenograft model.

Conclusions
This is the first study to isolate and characterize MSC from malignant tissues of patients with HNSCC. We observed cross-talk of stromal cells and tumor cells resulting in enhanced growth of HNSCC in vivo.
Psychosexual Functioning Among Adult Female Survivors of Childhood Cancer: A Report From the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study
Authors: Ford Jennifer S. , Kawashima Toana , Whitton John , Leisenring Wendy , Laverdière Caroline , Stovall Marilyn , Zeltzer Lonnie , Robison Leslie L. , Sklar Charles A. 
Published: August 2014

Purpose Childhood cancer survivors may be at risk for impaired psychosexual functioning as a direct result of their cancer or its treatments, psychosocial difficulties, and/or diminished quality of life. Patients and Methods Two thousand one hundred seventy-eight female adult survivors of childhood cancer and 408 female siblings from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS) completed a self-report questionnaire about their psychosexual functioning and quality of life. On average, participants were age 29 years (range, 18 to 51 years) at the time of the survey, had been diagnosed with cancer at a median age of 8.5 years (range, 0 to 20) and were most commonly diagnosed with leukemia (33.2%) and Hodgkin lymphoma (15.4%). Results Multivariable analyses suggested that after controlling for sociodemographic differences, survivors reported significantly lower sexual functioning (mean difference [MnD], −0.2; P = .01), lower sexual interest (MnD, −0.2; P < .01), lower sexual desire (MnD, −0.3; P < .01), lower sexual arousal (MnD, −0.3; P < .01), lower sexual satisfaction (MnD, −0.2; P = .01), and lower sexual activity (MnD, −0.1; P = .02) compared with siblings. Risk factors for poorer psychosexual functioning among survivors included older age at assessment, ovarian failure at a younger age, treatment with cranial radiation, and cancer diagnosis during adolescence. Conclusion Decreased sexual functioning among female survivors of childhood cancers seems to be unrelated to emotional factors and is likely to be an underaddressed issue. Several risk factors among survivors have been identified that assist in defining high-risk subgroups who may benefit from targeted screening and interventions.
Transformation from Multi- to Single-lamellar Vesicle by Addition of a Cationic Lipid to 1,2-Dilauroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Explored with SAXS and TEM
Authors: Kubo Genki , Sakamoto Shunsuke , Fujii Shota , Sanada Yusuke , Yasunaga Takuo , Takahara Atsushi , Sakurai Kazuo 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
1,2-Dilauroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DLPC) is one of the major lipids constituting cellular membranes. When DLPC itself is dispersed in aqueous solutions, multilamellar vesicles are formed, although the cellular membranes are made of single bilayers. We found that the addition of a calix[4]arene derivative (CaL[4]C3) bearing four amine groups as the headgroup to the DLPC multilamellar vesicle induced the structural transformation to a single-lamellar vesicle, by use of small-angle X-ray scattering and electron microscopy, indicating that the highly condensed ionic groups of CaL[4]C3 are useful to control membrane morphology.
Biology and conservation of elasmobranchs: an introduction to the collection
Authors: Bangley Charles W. , Shiffman D. S. 
Published: August 2014

Elasmobranchs, the taxonomic group comprising sharks, skates and rays, play important roles in society and marine ecology but several species in this subclass are under threat. This collection aims to be an open access hub for articles concerning all areas of elasmobranch biology and conservation. The collection is indefinitely open to further submissions and so will continue to grow as additional articles are added.
Use of quality indicators to compare point-of-care testing errors in a neonatal unit and errors in a STAT central laboratory
Authors: Cantero Miguel , Redondo Maximino , Martín Eva , Callejón Gonzalo , Hortas María Luisa 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPoint-of-care testing (POCT), like other laboratory tests, can be affected by errors throughout the total testing process. To evaluate quality error rates, the use of quality indicators (QIs) is recommended; however, little information is available on the quality error rate associated with POCT. The objective of this study was to investigate quality error rates related to POCT and compare them with central laboratory (CL) testing.We studied standardized QIs for POCT in comparison to CL testing. We compared error rates related to requests, collection, and handling of samples and results from external quality assessment program (EQAP) and internal quality control (IQC).The highest difference between POCT and CL testing was observed for QI related to patient identification, 45.3% vs. 0.02% (p<0.001). Regarding specimen collection and handling, the QI related to samples without results was also higher in POCT than in CL testing, 15.8% vs. 3.3% (p<0.001). For the QI related to insufficient sample volume, we obtained 2.9% vs. 0.9% (p=0.27). Unlike QIs for the preanalytical phase, QIs for the analytical phase had better results in POCT than CL testing. We obtained 8.3% vs. 16.6% (p=0.13) for QI related to unacceptable results in EQAP and 0.8% vs. 22.5% (p<0.001) for QI related to unacceptable results in IQC.Our results show that the preanalytical phase remains the main problem in POCT like in CL testing and that monitoring of quality indicators is a very valuable tool in reducing errors in POCT.
Delayed diagnosis of trichobezoar in a patient with presumed anorexia nervosa
Authors: Saldanha Nadia E. , Meisel Jonathan A. , Prince Jose M. , Feinstein Ronald , Fisher Martin 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Anorexia nervosa is a medical and psychological disorder classically seen in young women who present with significant weight loss, a distorted body image, and an intense fear of gaining weight despite being underweight. A rare diagnosis that is also associated with weight loss is a trichobezoar, a collection of hair or hair-like fibers in the gastrointestinal tract, primarily in the stomach. In this report, we present the case of a 14.5-year-old girl with weight loss caused by a trichobezoar, initially thought to be due to anorexia nervosa, and we review the details of both disorders.
Ethylation of Ethylbenzene with Ethanol over Mordenite-Based Catalysts: Effects of Acidity, Desilication and Kinetics Analysis
Authors: Hossain Mohammad M. , Osman Mogahid , Al-Khattaf Sulaiman 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
This communication reports the kinetics analysis of ethylation of ethylbenzene (EB) with ethanol over large pore size mordenite catalysts. In this regard, two different catalyst samples are selected with SiO2/Al2O3 = 180 and 21, respectively. The higher acidic sample (SiO2/Al2O3 = 21) is desilicated to study the effects of desilication on the EB ethylation. The EB ethylation experiments are conducted in a fluidized CREC Riser Simulator using equimolar amount of EB and ethanol as feed. Under the studied reaction conditions, diethylbenzene (DEB) is the main product while a small amount of benzene and lighter gases are also produced. In addition to DEB, the higher acidic mordenite sample also produces benzene via dealkylation of EB. On the other hand, the large pore size mordenite sample gives triethylbenzene (TEB) as a secondary alkylation product. The desilicated sample shows slightly higher DEB selectivity but the EB conversion with this sample is low. Power law–based kinetics evaluation also confirms the above observations by showing low activation energy for DEB formation while high activation energies for benzene and TEB formations.
Comparative Study of Removal of Cadmium (II) and Chromium (III) Ions from Aqueous Solution Using Low-Cost Biosorbent
Authors: Sulaymon Abbas H. , Mohammed Ahmed A. , Al-Musawi Tariq J. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the ability of abundant low-cost garden grass to remove cadmium and chromium ions from aqueous solutions. Batch biosorption studies were carried out to examine the biosorption capacity, pH value, temperature, agitation speed, and metal ions concentration. The biosorption process revealed that the garden grass was an effective biosorbent of cadmium and chromium. The maximum chromium and cadmium removal rate was 90 and 80% at pH 4, respectively. FTIR spectroscopy analysis showed that the hydroxyl, amine, and carboxyl groups were the major groups responsible for the biosorption process. The maximum biosorption capacity was 18.19 and 19.4 mg/g for cadmium and chromium, respectively. The biosorption isotherm data fitted well the Langmuir model. Kinetic data were adequately fitted by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model.
A Simple Method for Prediction of Effective Core Area and Index of Refraction of Single-mode Graded Index Fiber in the Low V Region
Authors: Majumdar Angshuman , Das Satabdi , Gangopadhyay Sankar 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBased on the simple power series formulation of fundamental mode developed by Chebyshev formalism in the low V region, we prescribe analytical expression for effective core area of graded index fiber. Taking step and parabolic index fibers as examples, we estimate the effective core areas as well as effective refractive index for different normalized frequencies (V number) having low values. We also show that our estimations match excellently with the available exact results. The concerned predictions by our method require little computation. Thus, this simple but accurate formalism will be user friendly for the system engineers.
The perception of voice-initiating gestures
Authors: Solé Maria-Josep 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis study examines how variation in production is perceived and then (re)interpreted by listeners, thus providing the link between phonetic variation and sound change. We investigate whether listeners can detect the nasal leak that may accompany utterance-initial voiced stops in Spanish, and reinterpret it as a nasal segment. Such reinterpretation may account for a number of sound patterns involving emergent nasals adjacent to voiced stops in oral contexts. Oral pressure, nasal/oral airflow, and audio were recorded for utterance-initial /b d p t/ produced by 10 Spanish speakers. Tokens showing different degrees of nasal leak (nasal C, maximum, medium, and no nasal leak) were placed intervocalically, where both /C/ and /NC/ may occur. The stimuli were presented to Spanish listeners for identification as /VNCV/ or /V(C)CV/. Identification results indicate a higher number of VNCV responses with incremental changes in nasal leak in voiced but not voiceless stimuli. Reaction time analysis showed shorter latencies to nasal identification for larger velum leak stimuli. The results suggest that listeners can `hear' the nasal leak and fail to relate it to voicing initiation, interpreting a nasal segment. Thus a gesture aimed at facilitating voicing initiation may be interpreted as a new target goal.
Sound change in an urban setting: Category instability of the palatal fricative in Berlin
Authors: Jannedy Stefanie , Weirich Melanie 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe differential categorization of identical stimuli depending on the presence of a prime is described as a perceptual divergence effect. We examined whether native listeners of the Berlin vernacular of German categorized identical acoustic stimuli differently in the explicit context of the names of two different districts of Berlin, assuming that listeners infer social information and linguistic stereotypes based on the names of these neighborhoods (Kreuzberg vs. Zehlendorf). All listeners categorized natural acoustic stimuli with synthetic fricatives synthesized along a continuum ranging from /ç/ to /ʃ/ as either
Physical and biological characteristics of nanohydroxyapatite and bioactive glasses used for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Yousefi Azizeh-Mitra , Oudadesse Hassane , Akbarzadeh Rosa , Wers Eric , Lucas-Girot Anita 
Published: August 2014

AbstractCritical-sized bone defects have, in many cases, posed challenges to the current gold standard treatments. Bioactive glasses are reported to be able to stimulate more bone regeneration than other bioactive ceramics; however, the difficulty in producing porous scaffolds made of bioactive glasses has limited their extensive use in bone regeneration. On the other hand, calcium phosphate ceramics such as synthetic hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate are widely used in the clinic, but they stimulate less bone regeneration. This paper gives an overview of the recent developments in the field of bioactive nanoparticles, with a focus on nanohydroxyapatite and bioactive glasses for bone repair and regeneration. First, a brief overview of the chemical structure and common methods used to produce synthetic nanohydroxyapatite and bioactive glasses has been presented. The main body of the paper covers the physical and biological properties of these biomaterials, as well as their composites with biodegradable polymers used in bone regeneration. A summary of existing challenges and some recommendations for future directions have been brought in the concluding section of this paper.
La formación lingüística de Canarias: sustratos, contactos e historia. Un balance de cinco siglos
Authors: Medina López Javier 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
En este artículo se lleva a cabo un análisis de las principales aportaciones que constituyen la base lingüística del español hablado en las Islas Canarias, una vez que se han cumplido algo más de quinientos años desde el final de la conquista castellana. Se consideran el componente prehispánico, el proceso de castellanización, la presencia portuguesa y las relaciones de ida y vuelta con América. Asimismo, en la segunda parte de este estudio se abordan los hechos del contacto de lenguas y el complejo proceso de la creación del vernáculo o estándar regional, conceptos que se relacionan, entre otros, con las más recientes propuestas de globalización y glocalización lingüísticas.