bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of subgingivally delivered atorvastatin and simvastatin as an adjunct to scaling and root planing
Authors: Surve Sai M. , Acharya Anirudh B. , Thakur Srinath L. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

Background: The current understanding of the pathogenesis of periodontal disease has resulted in adjunctive use of various pharmacologic agents in periodontal therapy. The objective of this investigation was to assess the efficacy of atorvastatin and simvastatin (because of their pleiotropic properties) as an adjunct to dental scaling and root planing (SRP) by local delivery, i.e. placing them subgingivally, in the treatment of chronic periodontitis.

Methods: Local delivery systems for atorvastatin and simvastatin were prepared in sodium alginate suspension to be administered with calcium chloride solution. Patients diagnosed with chronic periodontitis were grouped as group 1, receiving SRP only (control), group 2, receiving SRP with subgingival delivery of 1.2% simvastatin, and group 3, receiving SRP with subgingival delivery of 1.2% atorvastatin. Clinical parameters and interleukin (IL) 1α levels in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were assessed.

Results: All three groups showed significant reductions in clinical parameters and IL-1α levels in the GCF (p<0.05). However, the test groups did not show any statistically significant difference when compared with control.

Conclusions: Subgingivally delivered atorvastatin and simvastatin as an adjunct to SRP is efficacious but did not demonstrate any added benefit as compared with SRP alone.
European analytic causatives as a comparative concept: Evidence from a parallel corpus of film subtitles
Authors: Levshina Natalia 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis study investigates formal and functional variation in analytic causatives (ACs) in eighteen European languages from the Indo-European and Uralic language families. Employing the comparative concept approach, the paper presents a probabilistic semantic map of the main functions of ACs on the basis of a multilingual parallel corpus of film subtitles. This method enables us to detect common dimensions of semantic variation in ACs and to pinpoint cross-linguistic commonalities in the form–meaning mapping. The paper also presents three case studies, which test previous hypotheses about the grammaticalization clines in Romance and Germanic and facts of language contact between German and Slavic languages. The role of language contact is further explored in quantitative analyses that compare how the languages “carve up” the semantic space of causation. The results of this comparison suggest that frequently occurring semantically vague ACs may be regarded as a feature of Standard Average European.
The effect of L1 regional variation on the perception and production of standard L1 and L2 vowels
Authors: Simon Ellen , Debaene Mathijs , Van Herreweghe Mieke 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis study reports on the perception and production of Standard Dutch and Standard British English vowels by speakers of two regional varieties of Belgian Dutch (East Flemish and Brabantine) which differ in their vowel realizations. Twenty-four native speakers of Dutch performed two picture-naming tasks and two vowel categorization tasks, in which they heard Standard Dutch or English vowels and were asked to map these onto orthographic representations of Dutch vowels. The results of the Dutch production and categorization tasks revealed that the participants’ L1 regional variety importantly influenced their production and especially perception of vowels in the standard variety of their L1. The two groups also differed in how they assimilated non-native English vowels to native vowel categories, but no major differences could be observed in their productions of non-native vowels. The study therefore only partly confirms earlier studies showing that L1 regional variation may have an influence on the acquisition of non-native language varieties.
On the history and prehistory of the Old Irish passive ending -ar
Authors: Castillero Carlos García 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
This paper proposes a diachronic explanation of the Old Irish (OIr.) passive ending -ar (to quote the conjunct form) in terms of a particular Insular Celtic (IC) innovation. After a description of the OIr. passive in which paradigmatic structure, basic and secondary functions and allomorphic distribution are addressed, I review some recent hypotheses which derive OIr. -ar from a specific Proto-Indo- European ending *-o, and conclude that the problems raised by such a basic assumption justify the search for an alternative account. This alternative proposal grants precedence to the specific lexical distribution of OIr. passive endings -ar and -thar, and establishes a direct diachronic link between that lexical distribution and that of strong and weak passive preterite stems respectively. Those innovations must be considered as Proto-Insular Celtic and explain perfectly the Brittonic situation.
Zum Ursprung des Dativs Singular auf -u der altwestnordischen ō-Stämme
Authors: Myrvoll Klaus Johan 
Published: November 2015

Zusammenfassung
Many explanations have been proposed for the dative singular in -u in Old Norse ō-stems. Most of these take as their starting point a Proto- Germanic instrumental in *-ō, PIE *‑ā. Such an ending, however, should according to the established laws for syncope in Nordic result in an Old Norse zero ending. This article reveals the many problems researchers have encountered attempting to back up the traditional explanation. Instead it argues that the dative in -u must stem from a Proto-Norse ending covered by a nasal, *-ōn or *-un, where the vowel later got nasalized and therefore was preserved as -u in Old Norse. This nasal-ending of Proto-Norse could in turn be connected with the Balto-Slavic instrumentals in -mi, Plural -mis, for which in Germanic there have so far only been found cognates in the dative plural. The ultimate source for the Old Norse dative in -u could either be a PIE ā-stem instrumental in *-āmi, which would give the proposed Proto-Norse ending *-ōn, or a PIE consonantal stem instrumental in *-mi, which, with the addition of an analogical -u- between stem and ending, would give Proto-Norse *-un. In the latter case, the ending must have been transferred analogically from the consonantal stems to the ō-stems during the Proto-Norse period.
The development of *ōu in Baltic
Authors: Svensson Miguel Villanueva 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The traditional notion that the pre-Baltic long diphthong *ōu yielded uo in Lithuanian and Latvian is weakly grounded and should be rejected. Pre- Baltic *ōu predictably yielded Lith., Latv. áu except in absolute final position. The presence of Lith., Latv. uo in the u-series of ablaut is due to a specific East Baltic analogy * ī̆ : *ẹ̄ = * ῡ̆ : X, X = *ō that took place after the monophthongization of *ei, *ai > *ẹ̄ (> ie).
On the chronology and the phonetics of the change o > u in final closed syllables in Latin
Authors: Ittzés Máté 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
It has generally been assumed that the Old Latin vowel weakening o > u in final closed syllables occurred before word‑final m and word‑final s at the same time. The present article argues that this assumption is incorrect, since the inscriptional evidence clearly shows that the change before m took place later than before s. This chronological difference is due to the different phonetic properties of ‑om [‑õ] and ‑os [‑os]. It is also suggested that, at least in some cases, the sound change ‑om > ‑um could have had analogical support as well.
Key Drivers of Optimal Special Education Needs Provision: An English Study
Authors: Qureshi Saneeya 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to argue that there are a number of key drivers for Special Educational Needs (SEN) provision that have to be met by Special Educational Needs Coordinators (SENCOs) and teaching professionals so as to ensure optimal provision and inclusion for children with SEN in mainstream primary schools. Although the research has been carried out in England, there is a significant European Dimension to the issue, as a similar role to that of SENCOs in respect of SEN management already exists in countries such as Finland and Ireland, and is being considered in Italy.This paper focuses on the data gathered for the purpose of the author’s doctoral research in England, through questionnaires and interviews with SENCOs, head teachers and teachers. Thematic analysis was used to explore key drivers of SEN provision by practitioners who support children with SEN.Data illustrate that the key drivers of SEN provision include time; teacher openness to change; target setting; evidence of tried interventions; empowerment; decision-making and approachability. The implementation of such drivers depend largely on practitioner skills and competencies.The main conclusion within this paper is to develop points of reference for planning and practice, with illustrations of optimal provision by all practitioners who work with children with SEN.
Dynamics of the Compelex Forms of Visual Perception in Children of Pre-School Age (A Neuropsychological Analysis)
Authors: Vasileva Neli 
Published: November 2015

Abstract: Experimental data in preschool aged children proves the determining role of the auditory and visual processes for future reading skills, therefore the investigation of complex forms of visual perception in this age period is diagnostically important.: Basic aim of the research is assessment of the sensitive period for the non-verbal perceptive operations in pre-school aged children, and determination of subgroup with low results for non-verbal perception.: The dynamics of the visual perception (visual gnosis) in typically developing children were tested with an adapted version of the Poppelreuter-Ghent Test for figure-ground segregation. The total number of overlapping objects is 33, grouped according to the level of difficulty. The children are given a group of objects separately in a following sequence and they should segregate and name the objects.A number of 365 typically developing children without diagnosis of visual disorders and without corrected visus took part in the research. All children, aged 4, 5, and 6 from three different settlements attend state nursery schools and have Bulgarian as a mother tongue. A three-factor dispersion analysis was held to define the statistical significance of the independent factors age, gender and settlement. The research’s data define the 5 year olds as sensitive about the dynamics of the complex forms of visual perception, compared to the four year old children (p<0.000009) and the six year old children (p<0.001650). The influence of the demographic factor is engaged with the significantly better results of the children from the big town compared to the capital (p<0.000926) and small town (p<0.000700). The influence of the gender as a factor is due to the better functioning of the non-verbal perceptive operations in the females (F = 1,346, p<0.019). According to the additional analysis, 25% of the children at the age of six demonstrate a low rating of the complex forms of non-verbal visual gnosis that could be reviewed as risk for developing dyslexia.: In the age period 4 – 6, there is a process of dynamic maturation of the right-hemispheric structures of the ventral visual system, leading to substantial improvement of the abilities for discrimination of objects in visual crowding. Poppelreuter’s test allows an objective assessment of the state of the non-verbal perceptive abilities in pre-school age and could be used in the diagnostics of predictors for dyslexia.
Self-Regulation in Children with Intellectual Disability
Authors: Memisevic Haris 
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Self-regulation is an important executive function responsible for the control of emotions, behaviors and inner processes. It is related to the academic success of the children as well as to their cognitive and social development. Children with intellectual disability are reported to have significant deficits in self-regulation skills.The goal of this study was to examine self-regulation skills in children with mild intellectual disability. The additional goals were to examine self-regulation in relation to the child’s gender and to examine the relationship between age and self-regulation.. The sample for this study comprised 42 children with mild intellectual disability, aged 7 to 15. There were 22 boys and 20 girls. Self-regulation was assessed with the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF).. The results indicated that 10 children or 23.8% had clinically significant deficit in self-regulation skills. Self-regulation skills in this sample were significantly lower as compared to the normative sample. Boys had better self-regulation skills than the girls in this sample. Self-regulation skills were improving with age for this sample of participants.. Given the fact that these skills can be improved, it is suggested that educational institutions should give more attention to the development of executive functions at school age. Educational institutions should consider incorporating the training of executive functions into their curriculums.
Protection of water quality in the lake situated on the agricultural area
Authors: Mioduszewski Waldemar 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
According to the Nitrate Directive it is necessary to established a protective belt (ecotones) around lakes. Inside these belts, it is forbidden to use fertilize for agricultural purposes. It is believed that it is the most imported measure to protect water quality in the lake. The analysis were conducted to estimate the sources of nitrogen entering the waters of the lake. Some analysis were conducted to estimate the sources of nitrogen entering waters of the lake. It was proved that the biggest load (more than 80%) of contamination is entering the lake with water flowing in streams and ditches. Only 10% of the chemicals are entering the lake with the groundwater filtrating to the lake. It is very important to use a proper methods of agriculture with proper methods of fertilization in the whole area of river basin flowing to the lakes.
Extremal properties of the set
of vector-valued Banach limits
Authors: García-Pacheco Francisco Javier 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
In this manuscript we find another class of real Banach spaces which admit vector-valued Banach limits
different from the classes found in [6, 7]. We also characterize the separating subsets of ℓ∞(X). For this we first
need to study when the space of almost convergent sequences is closed in the space of bounded sequences, which
turns out to happen only when the underlying space is complete. Finally, a study on the extremal structure of the set
of vector-valued Banach limits is conducted when the underlying normed space is a Hilbert space.We also reach the
conclusion that the set of vector-valued Banach limits is not a convex component of BCL(ℓ∞(X),X), provided that X
is a 1-injective Banach space satisfying that the underlying compact Hausdorff topological space has isolated points.
Upper and lower bounds of integral
operator defined by the fractional
hypergeometric function
Authors: Ibrahim Rabha W. , Ahmad Muhammad Zaini , Al-Janaby Hiba F. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
In this article, we impose some studies with applications for generalized integral operators for normalized
holomorphic functions. By using the further extension of the extended Gauss hypergeometric functions, new
subclasses of analytic functions containing extended Noor integral operator are introduced. Some characteristics
of these functions are imposed, involving coefficient bounds and distortion theorems. Further, sufficient conditions
for subordination and superordination are illustrated.
A note on the Genitive of Quantification in Polish and derivational phases
Authors: Witkoś Jacek , Dziubała-Szrejbrowska Dominika 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe major objective of this article is to discuss the status of nominal projections in Polish within the phase theory, with a special reference to the Phase Impenetrability Condition (PIC) (Chomsky 2000, 2001). Throughout the paper, it is argued that certain case marking properties internal to Polish QPs showing the Genitive of Quantification in particular, indicate that they do not observe the PIC in that the NP-complement domain to Q in [QP Q [NP]] is still available for operations of narrow syntax at the derivational stage when the verbal projection is formed. In consequence, the transfer of the NP-complement domain to Q to PF/LF is delayed. Moreover, an attempt is made to show, on the basis of binding facts and extraction, that internal structure of Polish nominals including possessives does not exactly follow the proposals made in Bošković (2005, 2009, 2013, 2014) for analogous Serbo-Croatian cases. Instead, it is proposed that Polish nominals feature a more complex architecture typical of a subclass of SC nominals, namely higher numerals. Crucially, Polish nominals are more complex than an NP with multiple levels of adjunction.
Can familiarity lessen the effect of locality? A case study of Mandarin Chinese subjects and the following adverbials
Authors: Xu Chunshan , Liu Haitao 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis paper explores the relation between familiarity of Chinese subjects and the syntactic distance. We propose two hypotheses: (1) contextually given Mandarin Chinese subjects are more likely to be used with long intervening adverbials than contextually new subjects; and (2) subjects with higher word frequency are more likely to be followed by long adverbials than those with lower word frequency. The data from two Mandarin Chinese treebanks provide supportive evidence for the first hypothesis, but not the second. Cognitively, this is probably due to the possibility that contextual givenness, which reflects familiarity, may lessen the effect of locality by increasing the activation level (the accessibility) of the subject and rendering these subjects less susceptible to the memory decay caused by the adverbials intervening between them and the predicate verbs. Subjects are usually the starting point of a sentence, which has a default given–new information structure. Therefore, when organizing a sentence, we are dominantly concerned with the information status (contextual givenness) relative to previous context when choosing the subjects, which may partly accounts for the observed irrelevance between word frequency and the use of adverbials. A sentence is structured based on the information status of the subjects, not their word frequency.
The More We Are Together, The Happier We Are: Peer Music in Mental Health Treatment in Zimbabwe
Authors: Angell Jeffrey Robert , Verhey Ruth 
Published: November 2015

Ruth Verhey is a clinical psychologist involved in developing and running the Friendship Bench, a comprehensive, group based mental healthcare initiative in Harare, Zimbabwe. In 2013, she invited Jeffrey Angell, a music therapist from New York City, to facilitate one of weekly Zeebag support groups at Harare Hospital. The Zeebag group is comprised of eight women who suffer from depression. The essay provides Jeffrey's first person accounts of this experience, as well as describing the music, music process, and how these intergrate into the peer empowerment model of the Frienship Bench.
2014 CRL Blood Pressure Study of Life Insurance Applicants
Authors: Fulks Michael , Dolan Vera F. , Stout Robert L. 
Published: November 2015

Objective
Define the relative mortality risk by systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in a relatively healthy cohort split by age and sex with adjustment for smoking status, other findings and admitted heart disease history.

Method
Blood pressure (BP in mm Hg), build, laboratory studies and limited medical history are collected when people apply for individual life insurance. Information on 2,472,706 applicants tested by Clinical Reference Laboratory from 1993 to 2007 was utilized with follow-up for vital status using the September 2011 Social Security Death Master File identifying 31,033 deaths. Data was analyzed by SBP and DBP split by age and sex accounting for smoking and for BMI, urine protein/creatinine ratio and history of heart disease in a Cox multivariate survival analysis. Separate analysis by admitted hypertension history was also conducted. Results are presented by SBP and DBP for 4 age-sex groups with and without added covariates beyond age and smoking status.

Results
Relative mortality progressively increased by SBP level from the 90 to 119 band (down to 80 in younger women) upward with little additional impact by DBP. Addition of covariates beyond age and smoking resulted in a 5% to 10% reduction in relative risk.
Although high DBP had limited impact, a pulse pressure/SBP ratio &gt;½ identified 1% of applicants at high mortality risk, with little difference in risk for ratios ≤½. Hypertension history with current BP control was associated with a 10% to 25% increase in relative mortality risk as compared to those with similar BP but no such history.

Conclusion
Increasing SBP is closely associated with increasing relative mortality, starting from the lowest SBP. Increasing DBP has little additional impact, but a pulse pressure/SBP ratio &gt;½ is a potent marker of increased risk as well. Accounting for build and other laboratory findings reduces risk modestly. A history of hypertension with current control increases risk.
No-damage Stimulation Based on Residual-free Diverting Fluid for Carbonate Reservoir
Authors: Shi Y. , Yang X. , Zhou F. , Gao Y. , Lian S. , li x. , Han X. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Horizontal well and acid stimulation are the essential technologies for the development of complex carbonate reservoir. However, it is extremely difficult to conduct effective stimulation in horizontal wells with a long interval because the traditional acid systems without diverting performance can only flow into the high permeable formations, leaving the damaged formation untreated. That is why the long interval wells with high heterogeneity need to be stimulated by diverting acid system. Many diverting acid systems or diverting agents have been developed in recent decades. Whereas, last generation diverting systems always cause serious damage to formation, such as gelled acid based on polymer. In addition, many systems will lose their diverting performance at high temperature.
This paper studied some kind of residual-free fluid systems for both acid treatment and fracturing in order to develop no-damage/reduced-damage and high effective stimulation techniques for long interval wells. It is designed to conduct uniform stimulation in a long distance wellbore with the assistance of diverting performance of some special chemical agents, which can work at high termperature and leave no damage in formation. No-damage stimulation includes: Temperature-controlled deep-diverting acid system (TCA); pH-controlled self-diverting acid system (DCA), and Fracture reorientation technology based on degradable fiber (RDF). This series of technologies can generate fracture networks to enhance the stimulated reservoir volume through fracture reorientation and diverting acidizing with the help of special residual-free fluid system, leaving no damage in formation.
This series of techniques had been applied on 921 wells from 10 oil/gas fields in China and 7 oil/gas fields in Kazakhstan, Iran, Iraq, Syria and Turkmenistan.