bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The politics of transnational affective capital: Digital connectivity among young Somalis stranded in Ethiopia
Authors: Leurs Koen 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
This article presents an explorative qualitative case study of how sixteen young Somali migrants stranded in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia feel about staying in touch with loved ones abroad using Internet-based transnational communication. Left-behind during transit migration from Somalia to overseas, at this moment they can only digitally connect with contacts living inside for example dreamed diasporic locations in Europe. Based on in-depth interviews, a focus group and concept maps drawn by informants the ambivalent workings of affects spurred by transnational communication are explored. The intense feelings of togetherness originating in Skype video-chat, mobile phone calls and Facebook use are conceptualized with the notion of transnational affective capital – one of the only sources of capital the informants have. The ambivalence of transnational affective capital is scrutinized by exploring whether such connectivity routines offer trust, enable anxiety management and promote ‘ontological security’. Alternatively, the question arises whether transnational communication may further exacerbate ontological insecurity: discomfort, unsettlement and increased anxiety related to the precarious situation of being stranded.
Reflections from the market place – Community music therapy in context
Authors: Pavlicevic Mercédès , Fouché Sunelle 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Music therapists engaged in musical-social development in territories with well-established legacies of suspicion towards state-sanctioned professional structures face uncomfortable dilemmas. South Africa’s Music Therapy Community Clinic (MTCC) has worked in the Cape Flats, in the Western Cape, for over a decade, and developed priorities and methods in attentive response to that particular market place. The ‘market place’ metaphor signals the possibilities for chaos and flourishing offered by spaces with distinctive – and not necessarily consistent – priorities and edges regarding music, safety, therapy, currency, work, economics and status. These reflections from the market place focus on the complex collisions of professional, musical and community loyalties that music therapists are offered by absent health and education resources and a rich social tradition of everyday music. While situated in a particular South African context, this article seeks to contribute to an adventurous broadening of community music therapy (CoMT) praxes everywhere.
MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Vitamin D as a potential contributor in endocrine health and disease
Authors: Muscogiuri Giovanna , Mitri Joanna , Mathieu Chantal , Badenhoop Klaus , Tamer Gonca , Orio Francesco , Mezza Teresa , Vieth Reinhold , Colao Annamaria , Pittas Anastassios 
Published: May 2014

ObjectiveIt has been suggested that vitamin D may play a role in the pathogenesis of several endocrine diseases, such as hyperparathyroidism, type 1 diabetes (T1DM), type 2 diabetes (T2DM), autoimmune thyroid diseases, Addison's disease and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In this review, we debate the role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of endocrine diseases.MethodsNarrative overview of the literature synthesizing the current evidence retrieved from searches of computerized databases, hand searches and authoritative texts.ResultsEvidence from basic science supports a role for vitamin D in many endocrine conditions. In humans, inverse relationships have been reported not only between blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone concentrations but also with risk of T1DM, T2DM, and PCOS. There is less evidence for an association with Addison's disease or autoimmune thyroid disease. Vitamin D supplementation may have a role for prevention of T2DM, but the available evidence is not consistent.ConclusionsAlthough observational studies support a potential role of vitamin D in endocrine disease, high quality evidence from clinical trials does not exist to establish a place for vitamin D supplementation in optimizing endocrine health. Ongoing randomized controlled trials are expected to provide insights into the efficacy and safety of vitamin D in the management of endocrine disease.
Structural performance of steel fibre reinforced concrete — Part I. Overview of the experimental program
Authors: Kovács I. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The papers of the series deal with experimental characterisation of mechanical as well as structural properties of different steel fibre reinforced concretes that can be used for several structural applications. An extensive experimental programme (six years) has been developed to investigate the effect of steel fibre reinforcement on the mechanical performance and structural behaviour of concrete specimens. Specimens and test methods were selected to be able to detect realistic behaviour of the material, representing clear effect on the structural performance. Material compositions, test methods, type of test specimens will be detailed in the presented paper (Part I).
Furthermore, compressive strength (Part II), stress-strain relationship (Part II), splitting strength (Part III) and toughness (Part IV) will also be discussed. In the light of the motivation to determine the structural performances of 1D concrete structural element affected by steel fibre reinforcement, bending and shear behaviour (Part V) as well as serviceability state (Part VI) of steel fibre reinforced concrete beams will be analysed. Since normal force — prestressing force — can affectively be used to improve the structural performances of RC element flexural tests were carried out on prestressed pretensioned steel fibre reinforced concrete beams (Part VII). Moreover, focusing on the in-plane state of stresses for 2D structures, behaviour of steel fibre reinforced concrete deep beams in shear and steel fibre reinforced concrete slabs (Part VIII) in bending will be explained. Finally, based on the wide range of the experimental and analytical studies on the presented field, a new material model for the 1D uniaxial behaviour (Part IX) and its possible extension to the 3D case (Part X) will be described hereafter. All papers will put emphasis on the short literature review of the last four decades.
Biological agents in potable water
Authors: Kovács E. , Tóth P. , Juhász Cs. , TamáS J. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
There are numerous biological agents including bacteria such as Brucella suis, B. abortus, Francisella tularensis, Burkholderia mallei, Coxiella burnetii, Yersina pestis, Bacillus anthracis and Chlamydia psittaci, viruses such as Variola major and V. minor, Flavivirus and Hantavirus, and toxins such as Botulinum toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, Staphylococcus enterotoxin B and Trichothecene mycotoxin reported to have potential to cause illness via water consumption. In the recent years, biological threat prevention for urban water supply systems has been of special interest worldwide, thus, protection against biological agents requires adequate knowledge, available water treatment technologies and preparedness. In this review, the history of biological threat via public water supply, as well as selected early detection methods, prevention strategies and risk assessment models are detailed.
Prognostic Value of Interim Positron Emission Tomography in Patients With Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Pellegrini Cinzia , Argnani Lisa , Broccoli Alessandro , Stefoni Vittorio , Derenzini Enrico , Gandolfi Letizia , Casadei Beatrice , Maglie Roberto , Pileri Stefano , Zinzani Pier Luigi 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The definition of the role of positron emission tomography (PET) in peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) is still under investigation. The purpose of the present observational retrospective study was to assess the early prognostic value of PET after the first three cycles of therapy (PET+3), evaluating visual data in de novo PTCL patients treated in first line with standard chemotherapy and followed by both PET and computed tomography scan. Of 27 PET+3-negative patients, 19 also had a negative PET at the end of treatment (PET+6), whereas 8 of 27 had a positive final one; 6 of 7 PET+3-positive patients had a positive PET+6, whereas only 1 patient had a negative PET+6. Estimated overall survival plotted according to PET+3 results showed 78.6% for negative patients and 21.4% for positive patients at 88.7 months with a significant difference. Patients with negative PET+3 had superior progression-free survival of 72.6% compared with 16.7% of PET+3-positive patients. At the time of this analysis, 17 of 19 (89.5%) patients with negative PET+3 are in continuous complete response (CCR) and only 1 of 7 (14.2%) patients with positive PET+3 is still in CCR. In conclusion, our results indicate that positive PET+3 is predictive of a worse outcome in PTCL, and this significant statistical difference between the two curves could be clinically informative. Larger and prospective studies and harmonization of PET reading criteria are needed.
Safety Profile of Pertuzumab With Trastuzumab and Docetaxel in Patients From Asia With Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer: Results From the Phase III Trial CLEOPATRA
Authors: Swain Sandra M. , Im Young-Hyuck , Im Seock-Ah , Chan Valorie , Miles David , Knott Adam , Clark Emma , Ross Graham , Baselga José 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Introduction.
We report detailed safety analyses by geographic region from the phase III study CLEOPATRA with pertuzumab, trastuzumab, and docetaxel in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive first-line metastatic breast cancer.

Patients and Methods.
Patients received pertuzumab/placebo at 840 mg in cycle 1 and 420 mg in subsequent cycles, and trastuzumab at 8 mg/kg in cycle 1 and 6 mg/kg in subsequent cycles; docetaxel was initiated at 75 mg/m2. All study drugs were given intravenously, 3 times weekly.

Results.
Docetaxel dose reductions below 75 mg/m2 were more common in patients from Asia (47.0%) than other regions (13.4%); docetaxel dose escalations to 100 mg/m2 were less frequent in Asia (2.4%) than other regions (18.7%). Rates of edema (26.1% and 5.4% for Asia and other regions, respectively), myalgia (42.3%, 14.7%), nail disorder (39.9%, 15.1%), febrile neutropenia (18.6%, 7.1%), upper respiratory tract infection (25.7%, 10.2%), decreased appetite (47.0%, 19.1%), and rash (44.3%, 22.0%) were at least twice as high in Asia as in other regions. Adverse events did not result in a reduction in the median number of study treatment cycles administered in patients from Asia. Efficacy analyses per region showed hazard ratios similar to those of the whole intention-to-treat (ITT) population for progression-free survival (ITT: 0.63; Asia: 0.68; other regions: 0.61) and overall survival (ITT: 0.66; Asia: 0.64; other regions: 0.66).

Conclusion.
Despite a higher proportion of docetaxel dose reductions in patients from Asia, survival benefits were comparable between regions. The benefit-risk profile of pertuzumab, trastuzumab, and docetaxel supports this regimen as the first-line therapy for patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer from all geographic regions.
Tailoring biocontrol to maximize top‐down effects: on the importance of underlying site fertility
Authors: Hovick Stephen M. , Carson Walter P. 
Published: May 2014

The degree to which biocontrol agents impact invasive plants varies widely across landscapes, often for unknown reasons. Understanding this variability can help optimize invasive species management while also informing our understanding of trophic linkages. To address these issues, we tested three hypotheses with contrasting predictions regarding the likelihood of biocontrol success. (1) The biocontrol effort hypothesis: invasive populations are regulated primarily by top‐down effects, predicting that increased biocontrol efforts alone (e.g., more individuals of a given biocontrol agent or more time since agent release) will enhance biocontrol success. (2) The relative fertility hypothesis: invasive populations are regulated primarily by bottom‐up effects, predicting that nutrient enrichment will increase dominance by invasives and thus reduce biocontrol success, regardless of biocontrol efforts. (3) The fertility‐dependent biocontrol effort hypothesis: top‐down effects will only regulate invasive populations if bottom‐up effects are weak. It predicts that greater biocontrol efforts will increase biocontrol success, but only in low‐nutrient sites. To test these hypotheses, we surveyed 46 sites across three states with prior releases of Galerucella beetles, the most common biocontrol agents used against invasive purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria).We found strong support for the fertility‐dependent biocontrol effort hypothesis, as biocontrol success occurred most often with greater biocontrol efforts, but only in low‐fertility sites. This result held for early stage metrics of biocontrol success (higher Galerucella abundance) and ultimate biocontrol outcomes (decreased loosestrife plant size and abundance). Presence of the invasive grass Phalaris arundinacea was also inversely related to loosestrife abundance, suggesting that biocontrol‐based reductions in loosestrife made secondary invasion by P. arundinacea more likely.Our data suggest that low‐nutrient sites be prioritized for loosestrife biocontrol and that future monitoring account for variation in site fertility or work to mitigate it. We introduce a new framework that integrates our findings with conflicting patterns previously reported from other biocontrol systems, proposing a unimodal relationship whereby nutrient availability enhances biocontrol success in low‐nutrient sites but hampers it in high‐nutrient sites. Our results represent one of the first examples of biocontrol success depending on site fertility, which has the potential to inform biocontrol‐based management decisions across entire regions and among contrasting systems.
Modified Periosteal Releasing Incision for Flap Advancement: A Practical Technique for Tensionless Closure
Authors: Hur Yong , Bui Minh N. , Griffin Terrence J. , Ogata Yumi 
Published: May 2014

Introduction: Primary closure of tensionless flap advancement is required during a guided bone regeneration (GBR) procedure. The periosteal releasing incision (PRI) is a commonly used technique for flap advancement. However, excessive use of the PRI technique to gain major flap advancement has consequences, such as swelling, paresthesia, bleeding, and patient discomfort. This case report describes a novel technique, the modified periosteal releasing incision (MPRI), which involves a shallow incision and lateral stretching approach for flap advancement.Case Presentation: A 63‐year‐old non‐smoking white male presented for implant placement in the posterior mandibular area. Vertical and horizontal bone augmentation using the GBR technique was planned before implant placement because of ridge deficiency. MPRI was used for flap advancement. The flap advancement achieved was >10 mm. Using this technique, a major flap advancement was possible without mental nerve complications.Conclusions: The MPRI technique introduced in this case report was used successfully when major flap advancement was needed to gain primary closure. The technique can be an alternative to the PRI technique when there is a possibility of damaging the nerve or when flap advancement made by PRI is inadequate, particularly around the mental foramen.
Date Pits: Chemical Composition, Nutritional and Medicinal Values, Utilization
Authors: Shi Lu‐E , Zheng Wei , Aleid Salah Mohammed , Tang Zhen‐Xing 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTDate (Phoenix dactylifera L.) pits, by‐products of date fruit processing industries, can provide many essential nutrients and potential health benefits to the human body. The chemical composition of date pits includes dietary fiber, fat, protein, minerals, sugar, antioxidants, and phytosterols. Nutritional and medicinal activities of date pits are related to their chemical composition. Many studies indicate that date pits have antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, gastroprotective, antiviral, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, and gonadotropic activities. Date pits have shown a potential application in the food, fermentation, chemical, and feed industries. In this paper, we review chemical composition, nutritional and medicinal value, and the utilization of date pits.
Improvement of Oat as a Winter Forage Crop in the Southern United States
Authors: Kim Ki‐Seung , Tinker Nicholas A. , Newell Mark A. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTOat (Avena sativaL.) is a cool season annual grass species produced for grain and forage in many countries. The majority of oat cultivars in the United States are spring types grown primarily for grain production. However, in the southern region of the United States, much of the oat production consists of winter types that are grown for grain or animal forage, and in some cases as a dual‐purpose crop. As with other small grain crops used for forage production, the improvement of grazing tolerance, forage yield, and forage quality have not been major goals in U.S. oat breeding programs even though oat forage is a rich source of protein, vitamin B1, phosphorus, iron, and other minerals. However, breeding and research efforts for oat have recently been revitalized because of increased awareness of the positive health benefits associated with oat consumed as a whole grain food. Strengthening the molecular approaches for forage oat breeding in the southern United States could have a large impact on cattle production systems and could increase the production area planted to oat. Although many of the molecular tools developed for the improvement of grain production could be applicable to winter forage oat breeding, the tools are currently an untapped resource within the forage breeding community. The objectives of this manuscript are to examine the production of forage oat, the current state of forage oat breeding, and how molecular tools could aid and strengthen the development of improved forage oat cultivars.
Physiological Behavior of Ethephon in Five Turfgrasses
Authors: Sidhu Sudeep S. , Yu Jialin , McCullough Patrick E. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTTurfgrass seedhead emergence often warrants plant growth regulator (PGR) use for suppression, but practitioners have limited chemistries available for warm‐season species. Ethephon effectively suppresses turfgrass seedheads, but injury to bermudagrass and seashore paspalum is often excessive. Experiments were conducted to evaluate differential behavior of ethephon in bermudagrass and seashore paspalum, compared with annual bluegrass, creeping bentgrass, and zoysiagrass. In greenhouse experiments, ethephon was most injurious to bermudagrass and seashore paspalum, ranging 19 to 40% from 3 to 28 d after treatment (DAT), while annual bluegrass, creeping bentgrass, and zoysiagrass had less injury, ranging 9 to 21%, across three application rates (1.9, 3.8, or 7.6 kg a.i. ha–1). In laboratory experiments, foliar absorption of 14C‐ethephon generally increased from 24 to 96 h after treatment (HAT), but differences among species were not detected. Creeping bentgrass and zoysiagrass retained >90% of foliar applied 14C in treated leaves, but bermudagrass and seashore paspalum distributed ∼25% more 14C to nontreated shoots. From root absorption, bermudagrass and seashore paspalum distributed ∼25% less 14C to shoots than creeping bentgrass at 72 HAT. Annual bluegrass 14C distribution after foliar and root absorption was similar to all species, except creeping bentgrass. There were no meaningful differences in turfgrass metabolism levels of 14C‐ethephon at 1, 4, or 7 DAT. Results suggest differential levels of distribution after root and shoot absorption could be associated with bermudagrass and seashore paspalum sensitivity to ethephon compared with turfgrasses with less injury potential.
Lignification and Tannin Localization During the Development of Birdsfoot Trefoil Stems
Authors: Hunt Sara R. , MacAdam Jennifer W. , Griggs Thomas C. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTStem dry matter accumulation is correlated with a decline in digestibility in both birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L. [BFT]) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), and the shear force required to harvest mature BFT stems can inhibit BFT grazing by ruminants. Decline in digestibility and increase in shear force are both correlated with increase in stem lignin content. Alfalfa stem development has been well documented, and our objective was to analyze stem development, lignification and tannin in BFT stems using alfalfa as a benchmark. The sixth internode from the base of ten BFT and two alfalfa control plants was sampled from 3 to 15 wk of stem regrowth in midsummer. Lignification occurred primarily in stem secondary xylem and was apparent in the xylary ring of Internode 6 by 5 wk of regrowth. The xylary ring reached maximum thickness by 7.5 wk of regrowth in both BFT and alfalfa but developed at a more rapid rate and to a greater thickness in BFT. Flowering in BFT began at 5.5 wk of regrowth, and full bloom was reached by 6.5 wk of regrowth. The number of cells containing tannin remained constant with stem development, which would decrease stem tannin concentration with internode maturation. Internode 6 of BFT is located 60 to 120 mm from the base of stems, within the recommended cutting height of 75 mm, with sufficient leaves and branches at subtending nodes to support shoot regrowth. These data relate growth and lignification in lower stems of BFT to grazing management recommendations.
Molecular Mapping of Stripe Rust Resistance in Hard Red Winter Wheat TAM 111 Adapted to the U.S. High Plains
Authors: Basnet Bhoja R. , Ibrahim Amir M. H. , Chen Xianming , Singh Ravi P. , Mason Esten R. , Bowden Robert L. , Liu Shuyu , Hays Dirk B. , Devkota Ravindra N. , Subramanian Nithya K. , Rudd Jackie C. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTStripe rust, also known as yellow rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici Erikss. (Pst), is one of the most important foliar diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the United States and other parts of the world. To investigate the genetic basis of resistance conferred by the winter wheat cultivar ‘TAM 111’, a mapping population of 124 F5 and F6 derived recombinant inbred lines (RILs) developed from the cross of ‘TAM 112’/TAM 111 was evaluated against Pst populations in eight environments in the United States and against predominant race PST‐100 in the greenhouse. The RIL population was further genotyped with Diversity Arrays Technology, simple sequence repeats and sequence tagged sites markers. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL), QYr.tam‐2BL, was identified on the long arm of chromosome 2B, which is found to be associated with resistance to stripe rust in TAM 111. QYr.tam‐2BL was identified in five out of the eight environments (Arkansas 2012, Arizona 2010, Castroville, TX, 2010, Mt. Vernon, WA, 2010 and Pullman, WA, 2011) as well as in the greenhouse, and explained 13 to 63% of the total phenotypic variation in severity across the environments. The QTL was also detected in seedling and adult plant stages with race PST‐100 under controlled greenhouse conditions. Based on the available evidence, QYr.tam‐2BL probably represents a previously uncharacterized gene on 2BL. Minor QTL on chromosomes 1A, 2A, 6B, and 7D were also detected inconsistently across environments. Because the effectiveness of QYr.tam‐2BL was observed to be environmentally dependent and probably race‐specific, it is suggested to combine this locus with effective major genes or adult plant resistance genes to increase its usefulness.