bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stathmin1 regulates p27 expression, proliferation and drug resistance, resulting in poor clinical prognosis in cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Watanabe Akira , Suzuki Hideki , Yokobori Takehiko , Tsukagoshi Mariko , Altan Bolag , Kubo Norio , Suzuki Shigemasa , Araki Kenichiro , Wada Satoshi , Kashiwabara Kenji , Hosouchi Yasuo , Kuwano Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2014

Patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (EHCC) have a poor prognosis; postoperative survival depends on cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. The mechanism of EHCC progression needs to be clarified to identify ways to improve disease prognosis. Stathmin1 (STMN1) is a major cytosolic phosphoprotein that regulates microtubule dynamics and is associated with malignant phenotypes and chemoresistance in various cancers. Recently, STMN1 was reported to interact with p27, an inhibitor of cyclin‐dependent kinase complexes. Eighty EHCC cases were studied using immunohistochemistry and clinical pathology to determine the correlation between STMN1 and p27 expression; RNA interference to analyze the function of STMN1 in an EHCC cell line was also used. Cytoplasmic STMN1 expression correlated with venous invasion (P = 0.0021) and nuclear p27 underexpression (P = 0.0011). Patients in the high‐STMN1‐expression group were associated with shorter recurrence‐free survival and overall survival than those in the low‐expression group. An in vitro protein‐binding assay revealed that cytoplasmic STMN1 bound to p27 in the cytoplasm, but not in the nucleus of EHCC cells. Moreover, p27 accumulated in EHCC cells after STMN1 suppression. STMN1 knockdown inhibited proliferation and increased the sensitivity of EHCC cells to paclitaxel. STMN1 contributes to a poor prognosis and cancer progression in EHCC patients. Understanding the regulation of p27 by STMN1 could provide new insights for overcoming therapeutic resistance in EHCC.
Expression and regulation of osteopontin in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
Authors: Liu W.‐L. , Zhang H. , Zheng Y. , Wang H.‐T. , Chen F.‐H. , Xu L. , Wei Y. , Sun Y.‐Q. , Shi J.‐B. , Li H.‐B. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryBackgroundOsteopontin (OPN) has been proposed to be associated with airway inflammation including asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). This study sought to evaluate the expression and regulation of the OPN in CRSwNP patients.MethodsNasal polyp (NP) tissues and normal tissues were collected from 30 CRSwNP patients and 16 control subjects. The expression and regulation of OPN, as well eosinophil (EOS) accumulation and activation, were examined in nasal tissues using DNA microarray, immunohistochemical (IHC), immunofluorescent (IF) staining and qPCR analysis. Moreover, the regulation of OPN in nasal epithelial cells and its effects on migration and activation of EOS were evaluated in vitro using flow cytometry, ELISA, qPCR and Western blot, etc.ResultsDNA microarray analysis identified OPN as one of the 19 upregulated genes in polyp tissues. The mean number of OPN+ cells in polyp tissues was found to be significantly increased compared with the normal controls (P < 0.01), and OPN+ cells in polyp tissues significantly correlated with tissue eosinophilia [major basic protein (MBP)+ cells; r = 0.51, P < 0.01]. Accordingly, the mRNA and protein levels of OPN in NP tissues were significantly higher than those in normal controls (P < 0.01). Poly I:C, flagellin and TLR‐9 agonist CpG ODN, as well as TNF‐α, IFN‐γ, IL‐6, IL‐17A and TGF‐β, significantly increased OPN mRNA expression in cultured PECs and NECs (P < 0.05). Recombinant human OPN significantly promoted the migration of EOS, as well as enhanced EOS cationic protein (ECP) production, in an in vitro dispersed NP cells (DNPCs) culture system (P < 0.05).ConclusionsOPN promotes eosinophilic nasal inflammation in CRSwNP patients, which may represent a promising therapeutic target.
Allergic sensitization and filaggrin variants predispose to the comorbidity of eczema, asthma, and rhinitis: results from the Isle of Wight birth cohort
Authors: Ziyab A. H. , Karmaus W. , Zhang H. , Holloway J. W. , Steck S. E. , Ewart S. , Arshad S. H. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryBackgroundAllergic sensitization and filaggrin gene (FLG) variants are important risk factors for allergic disorders; however, knowledge on their individual and interactive effects on the coexistence of eczema, asthma, and rhinitis is lacking.ObjectiveThis study aimed at investigating the single and combined effects of allergic sensitization and FLG variants on the development of single and multiple allergic disorders.MethodsThe Isle of Wight birth cohort (n = 1456) has been examined at 1, 2, 4, 10, and 18 years of age. Repeated measurements of eczema, asthma, rhinitis, and skin prick tests were available for all follow‐ups. FLG variants were genotyped in 1150 participants. Associations of allergic sensitization and FLG variants with single and multiple allergic disorders were tested in log‐binomial regression analysis.ResultsThe prevalence of eczema‐, asthma‐, and rhinitis‐only ranged from 5.6% to 8.5%, 4.9% to 10.2%, and 2.5% to 20.4%, respectively, during the first 18 years of life. The coexistence of allergic disorders is common, with approximately 2% of the population reporting the comorbidity of ‘eczema, asthma, and rhinitis’ during the study period. In repeated measurement analyses, allergic sensitization and FLG variants, when analysed separately, were associated with having single and multiple allergic disorders. Of particular significance, their combined effect increased the risk of ‘eczema and asthma’ (RR = 13.67, 95% CI: 7.35–25.42), ‘asthma and rhinitis’ (RR = 7.46, 95% CI: 5.07–10.98), and ‘eczema, asthma, and rhinitis’ (RR = 23.44, 95% CI: 12.27–44.78).Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceThe coexistence of allergic disorders is frequent, and allergic sensitization and FLG variants jointly increased risk of allergic comorbidities, which may represent more severe and complex clinical phenotypes. The interactive effect and the elevated proportion of allergic comorbidities associated with allergic sensitization and FLG variants emphasize their joint importance in the pathogenesis of allergic disorders.
Platelets and allergic inflammation
Authors: Page C. , Pitchford S. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryIrrefutable clinical evidence demonstrates the activation of platelets in allergic diseases, including asthma, allergic rhinitis, and eczema. Indeed, experimental models of allergic disease have now shown that platelets play a fundamental role in the tissue recruitment of leucocytes following exposure to allergens. Furthermore, the extravascular presence of platelets in lungs of patients with asthma, and in animal models of allergic lung inflammation suggests that platelets may also contribute directly to allergic inflammation, through alterations in lung function, or by modulating processes involved in airway wall remodelling. Despite significant platelet activation in patients with allergic diseases, it is of note that these patients have been described as having a mild haemostastic defect, rather than an increased incidence of thrombosis. This suggests a dichotomy exists in platelet activation during inflammation compared to haemostasis, and that hitherto undiscovered platelet activation pathways might be exploited to create novel anti‐inflammatory therapies without affecting the critical function of platelets in haemostasis.
Dietary inflammatory index is related to asthma risk, lung function and systemic inflammation in asthma
Authors: Wood L. G. , Shivappa N. , Berthon B. S. , Gibson P. G. , Hebert J. R. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryBackgroundAsthma prevalence has increased in recent years, and evidence suggests that diet may be a contributing factor. Increased use of processed foods has led to a decrease in diet quality, which may be creating a pro‐inflammatory environment, thereby leading to the development and/or progression of various chronic inflammatory diseases and conditions. Recently, the dietary inflammatory index (DII) has been developed and validated to assess the inflammatory potential of individual diets.ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the DII in subjects with asthma compared to healthy controls and to relate the DII to asthma risk, lung function and systemic inflammation.MethodsSubjects with asthma (n = 99) and healthy controls (n = 61) were recruited. Blood was collected and spirometry was performed. The DII was calculated from food frequency questionnaires administered to study subjects.ResultsThe mean DII score for the asthmatics was higher than the mean DII score for healthy controls (− 1.40 vs. − 1.86, P = 0.04), indicating that their diets were more pro‐inflammatory. For every 1 unit increase in DII score, the odds of having asthma increased by 70% (OR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.03, 2.14; P = 0.040). FEV1 was significantly associated with DII score (β = − 3.44, 95% CI: − 6.50, − 0.39; P = 0.020), indicating that for every 1 unit increase in DII score, FEV1 decreased by 3.44 times. Furthermore, plasma IL‐6 concentrations were positively associated with DII score (β = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.05, 0.21; P = 0.002).Conclusion and Clinical RelevanceAs assessed using the DII score, the usual diet consumed by asthmatics in this study was pro‐inflammatory relative to the diet consumed by the healthy controls. The DII score was associated with increased systemic inflammation and lower lung function. Hence, consumption of pro‐inflammatory foods may contribute to worse asthma status, and targeting an improvement in DII in asthmatics, as an indicator of suitable dietary intake, might be a useful strategy for improving clinical outcomes in the disease.
Simplein vitromigration assay for neural crest cells and the opposite effects of all‐trans‐retinoic acid on cephalic‐ and trunk‐derived cells
Authors: Usami Makoto , Mitsunaga Katsuyoshi , Irie Tomohiko , Miyajima Atsuko , Doi Osamu 
Published: April 2014

AbstractHere, we describe a simplein vitroneural crest cell (NCC) migration assay and the effects of all‐trans‐retinoic acid (RA) onNCCs. Neural tubes excised from the rhombencephalic or trunk region of day 10.5 rat embryos were cultured for 48 h to allow emigration and migration ofNCCs. Migration ofNCCswas measured as the change in the radius (radius ratio) calculated from the circular spread ofNCCsbetween 24 and 48 h of culture.RAwas added to the culture medium after 24 h at embryotoxic concentrations determined by rat whole embryo culture.RA(10 μM) reduced the migration of cephalicNCCs, whereas it enhanced the migration of trunkNCCs, indicating thatRAhas opposite effects on these two types ofNCCs.
Involvement of Aquaporin 4 in Astrocyte Function and Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Authors: Xiao Ming , Hu Gang 
Published: April 2014

SummaryAquaporin 4 (AQP4) is the main water channel in the central nervous system (CNS) and specifically localized to astrocyte processes. Recent studies indicate that AQP4 regulates various biological functions of astrocytes, including maintaining CNS water balance, spatial buffering of extracellular potassium, calcium signal transduction, regulation of neurotransmission, synaptic plasticity, and adult neurogenesis, while under neuropathological conditions, AQP4 has a role in astrogliosis and proinflammatory cytokine secretion. In addition, accumulating evidence suggests that, besides cerebral edema, neuromyelitis optica and epilepsy, AQP4 participates in the onset and progression of Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, depression, and drug addiction. This review summarizes recent findings and highlights the involvement of AQP4 in astrocyte function and neuropsychiatric disorders.
Moving Through Time: The Role of Personality in Three Real‐Life Contexts
Authors: Duffy Sarah E. , Feist Michele I. , McCarthy Steven 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn English, two deictic space‐time metaphors are in common usage: the Moving Ego metaphor conceptualizes the ego as moving forward through time and the Moving Time metaphor conceptualizes time as moving forward toward the ego (Clark, 1973). Although earlier research investigating the psychological reality of these metaphors has typically examined spatial influences on temporal reasoning (e.g., Boroditsky & Ramscar, 2002), recent lines of research have extended beyond this, providing initial evidence that personality differences and emotional experiences may also influence how people reason about events in time (Duffy & Feist, 2014; Hauser, Carter, & Meier, 2009; Richmond, Wilson, & Zinken, 2012). In this article, we investigate whether these relationships have force in real life. Building on the effects of individual differences in self‐reported conscientiousness and procrastination found by Duffy and Feist (2014), we examined whether, in addition to self‐reported conscientiousness and procrastination, there is a relationship between conscientious and procrastinating behaviors and temporal perspective. We found that participants who adopted the Moving Time perspective were more likely to exhibit conscientious behaviors, while those who adopted the Moving Ego perspective were more likely to procrastinate, suggesting that the earlier effects reach beyond the laboratory.
Tumor necrosis factor α level in cerebrospinal fluid for bacterial and aseptic meningitis: a diagnostic meta‐analysis
Authors: Lv S. , Zhao J. , Zhang J. , Kwon S. , Han M. , Bian R. , Fu H. , Zhang Y. , Pan H. 
Published: April 2014

Background and purposeIn our previous study, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α) was identified as an effective target for sepsis patients (Int J Clin Pract, 68, 2014, 520). TNF‐α in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was also investigated for its utility in the differential diagnosis of bacterial and aseptic meningitis. However, there has been neither definite nor convincing evidence so far. Here the overall diagnostic accuracy of TNF‐α in differentiation between bacterial and aseptic meningitis was evaluated through the meta‐analysis of diagnostic tests.MethodsThe sensitivity, specificity and other measures of accuracy were pooled using random effect models. Summary receiver operating characteristic curves were used to assess overall test performance. Publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots, and sensitivity analysis was also introduced.ResultsA total of 21 studies involving bacterial meningitis (678) and aseptic meningitis (694) involved a total of 1372 patients. The pooled sensitivity and specificity for the TNF‐α test were 0.83 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.80–0.86, I2 = 65.1] and 0.92 (95% CI 0.89–0.94, I2 = 61.8), respectively. The positive likelihood ratio was 12.05 (95% CI 7.41–19.60, I2 = 36.5), the negative likelihood ratio was 0.17 (95% CI 0.13–0.24, I2 = 59.4), and TNF‐α was significantly associated with bacterial meningitis, with a diagnostic odds ratio of 49.84 (95% CI 28.53–87.06, I2 = 47.9). The overall accuracy of the TNF‐α test was very high with the area under the curve 0.9317. Publication bias was absent, and sensitivity analysis suggested that our results were highly stable.ConclusionsOur meta‐analysis suggested that TNF‐α could be recommended as a useful marker for diagnosis of bacterial meningitis and differential diagnosis between bacterial and aseptic meningitis with high sensitivity and specificity. Thus, hospitals should be encouraged to conduct TNF‐α tests in CSF after lumbar puncture.
Cutaneous blastomycosis in a horse
Authors: Funiciello B. , Scandella M. , Roccabianca P. , Caniatti M. , Martino P. A. , Malalana F. , Knottenbelt D. C. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryThis report describes the case of a horse presented with cutaneous lesions caused byBlastomyces dermatitidisin the absence of signs of other organ involvement. Diagnosis was achieved through cytology, histopathology and culture. Surgical debulking associated with systemic therapy with oral fluconazole resulted in significant remission; however, recurrence occurred following presumed early cessation of treatment.
Considerations in individualizing prophylaxis in patients with haemophilia A
Authors: Valentino L. A. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryProphylaxis is considered optimal care for children and adults with severe haemophilia A because of its proven ability to reduce joint and other bleeding episodes. However, a ‘one size fits all’ approach to prophylaxis is not ideal, potentially leading to over‐treatment in some individuals and under‐treatment in others. Moreover, a generic plan fails to take into account a patient's lifestyle and personal preferences. This article reviews the factors contributing to bleeding risk and joint damage and uses case studies to illustrate how these contributors can be weighed to individualize the prophylactic regimen, thereby increasing the likelihood of therapeutic success.
Gas hydrate saturation at Site C0002, IODP Expeditions 314 and 315, in the Kumano Basin, Nankai trough
Authors: Miyakawa Ayumu , Saito Saneatsu , Yamada Yasuhiro , Tomaru Hitoshi , Kinoshita Masataka , Tsuji Takeshi 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe degree of gas hydrate saturation at Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Site C0002 in the Kumano Basin, Nankai Trough, was estimated from logging‐while‐drilling logs and core samples obtained during IODP Expeditions 314 and 315. Sediment porosity data necessary for the calculation of saturation were obtained from both core samples and density logs. Two forms of the Archie equation (‘quick‐look’ and ‘standard’) were used to calculate gas hydrate saturation from two types of electrical resistivity log data (ring resistivity and bit resistivity), and a three‐phase Biot‐type equation was used to calculate gas hydrate saturation from P‐wave velocity log data. The gas hydrate saturation baseline calculated from both resistivity logs ranges from 0% to 35%, and that calculated from the P‐wave velocity log ranges from 0% to 30%. High levels of gas hydrate saturation (>60%) are present as spikes in the ring resistivity log and correspond to the presence of gas hydrate concentrations within sandy layers. At several depths, saturation values obtained from P‐wave velocity data are lower than those obtained from bit resistivity data; this discrepancy is related to the presence of free gas at these depths. Previous research has suggested that gas from deep levels in the Kumano Basin has migrated up‐dip towards the southern and seaward edge of the basin near Site C0002. The high saturation values and presence of free gas at site C0002 suggest that a large gas flux is flowing to the southern and seaward edge of the basin from a deeper and/or more landward part of the Kumano Basin, with the southern edge of the Kumano Basin (the location of site C0002) being the main area of fluid accumulation.
The role of lipid oxidation on biscuit texture during storage
Authors: Patrignani Mariela , Conforti Paula A. , Lupano Cecilia E. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryThe role of lipid oxidation and humidity absorption on the shelf life of biscuits was analysed. Biscuits with low lipid and sugar content were prepared employing different oils, and texture changes that biscuits experience during storage were studied. Water activity, peroxide value, malonaldehyde content and colour were also determined at different storage times. The maximum peroxide level was between 1 and 1.5 mmol kg−1 of oil, at 166 days of storage. Values of malonaldehyde were between 5.2 and 15.8 nmol g−1 of dry sample. Water activity and peroxide value influence the biscuit texture (P ≤ 0.05). To study the effects of both factors simultaneously, a mathematical model was adjusted to the data. Results indicate that an increase in the peroxide level, even at low level of lipid oxidation, increases Young's modulus and leads to a harder biscuit, while the humidity absorption lowers the fracture stress and Young's modulus.
The order of draw: much ado about nothing?
Authors: Indevuyst C. , Schuermans W. , Bailleul E. , Meeus P. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryIntroductionThe ‘order of draw’ has been advocated since 1982 to reduce the risk of cross‐contaminating blood tubes with additives from a previously filled tube.MethodsWe studied 193 patients receiving oral anticoagulation. Multiple tubes were collected in a specific order using the Sarstedt Safety Monovette System. We evaluated the effect of the ‘order of draw’ on the prothrombin time/international normalized ratio (PT/INR) and the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) when the citrate tube is drawn as the first tube, second tube or after a heparin, EDTA or serum tube with clot activator.ResultsThere was no statistically significant influence on the PT/INR. The same applies for the APTT measured on a citrate tube drawn after a heparin tube. There was a small, but statistically significant bias on the APTT when the citrate tube was drawn as the first tube, after an EDTA tube or after a serum tube with clot activator. We consider this bias (max. 0.2 s) as not clinically significant.ConclusionThe order of draw has no significant influence on the PT/INR and APTT when measured on a Sarstedt citrate tube filled without the use of a discard tube or after a heparin, EDTA or serum tube with clot activator.
Why Party Organization Still Matters: The Workers’ Party in Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Van Dyck Brandon 
Published: April 2014

AbstractDoes party organization still matter? Much of the party literature suggests that politicians, who can use substitutes like mass media to win votes, lack incentives to invest in party organization. Yet it remains an electoral asset, especially at lower levels of government. Evidence from Brazil’s Workers’ Party (PT) indicates that party elites invest in organization when they prioritize lower-level elections and that this investment delivers electoral returns. In the mid-2000s, the PT strengthened its support across levels of government in the conservative, clientelistic Northeast. Drawing from underutilized data on party offices, this article shows that organizational expansion contributed substantially to the PT’s electoral advances in the Northeast. While President Lula da Silva’s (PT) 2006 electoral spike in the Northeast resulted from expanded conditional cash transfers, the PT’s improvement at lower levels followed from top-down organization building. The PT national leadership deliberately expanded the party’s local infrastructure to deliver electoral gains.