bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mindfulness and problem gambling treatment
Authors: Chen Peter , Jindani Farah , Perry Jason , Turner Nigel L 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Mindfulness originated from Buddhist contemplative practice 2500 years ago. Mindfulness has increasingly been integrated into a variety of health care programs to address issues such as chronic pain, mental health problems, and addictions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of teaching problem gamblers about mindfulness meditation as part of regular treatment for problem gambling. The study evaluated an 8-week mindfulness group program that included 17 clients from the Problem Gambling Institute of Ontario at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (88% male) using questionnaires that were distributed before the first group session and after the final group session. The evaluation was a mixed method design that included both qualitative and quantitative feedback about the group. All of the participants showed an improvement in their levels of mindfulness after the 8-week treatment program. The Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) scores increased from a pre-test score of 3.65 (SD = 1.01) to a post-test score of 4.40 (SD = 0.78). Qualitative feedback about the group also highlighted a number of improvements in the clients’ lives that included being more in control, relaxed and able to stay in the now. The results indicated that mindfulness was successfully taught during the 8-week group program. This study evaluated the suitability of mindfulness as an intervention as part of a problem gambling treatment service. However, the study did not evaluate whether mindfulness improved the clients’ ability to resist relapse. Future studies are needed to examine the long-term impact of mindfulness sessions.
Incidence and diagnosis of ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis in the intensive care unit: an international online survey
Authors: Rodríguez Alejandro , Póvoa Pedro , Nseir Saad , Salluh Jorge , Curcio Daniel , Martín-Loeches Ignacio 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Several aspects of ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis (VAT)—including diagnostic criteria, overlap with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), and appropriate treatment regimens—remain poorly defined. The objectives of this study were to survey reported practices in the clinical and microbiological diagnosis of VAT and to evaluate perceptions of the impact of VAT on patient outcomes.

Methods
We developed a questionnaire consisting of (a) characteristics of the respondent, the ICU, and hospital; (b) current clinical and microbiological diagnostic approach; (c) empirical antibiotic therapy; and (d) the perception of physicians regarding the clinical impact of VAT and its implications.

Results
A total of 288 ICUs from 16 different countries answered the survey: 147 (51%) from the Latin American (LA) group and 141 (49%) from Spain, Portugal, and France (SPF group). The majority of respondents (n = 228; 79.2%) reported making the diagnosis of VAT based on clinical and microbiological criteria, and 40 (13.9%) by clinical criteria alone. Approximately half (50.3%) of the respondents agreed that patients should receive antibiotics for the treatment of VAT. Out of all respondents, 269 (93.4%) assume that a VAT episode increases ICU length of stay, and this perception is greater in the LA group (97.3%) than in the SPF group (89.4%, P <0.05). Half of the physicians considered that VAT increases the risk of mortality, and this perception is again greater in the LA group (58.5% versus 41.1%, P <0.05).

Conclusions
Given the possible high incidence of VAT and the perception of its importance as a risk factor for VAP and mortality, a large multicenter international prospective study would be helpful to validate a consensual definition of VAT, determine its incidence, and delineate its impact on subsequent VAP occurrence.
Artistic-Aesthetic Communication as Expression of the Ineffable
Authors: Диденко  , Didenko Valeriy 
Published: February 2014

In paper it is shown, that art, as a component of spiritual’s common grounds,
carries out its expressive function in the culture by completing the construction
of world picture, produced by scientific-and-theoretical (authentic)
knowledge. This is necessary for the integrity and completeness, which
meeting the infinity of human spirit claim, where the unknown appears as a
strange, wonderful, fantastic, but, nevertheless, semantic beginning in individual
and society life.
Reviews
Authors: Blatherwick Mary , Houghton Nicholas , Lampela Laurel 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Rethinking Contemporary Art and Multicultural Education, 2nd ed., Eungie Joo, Joseph Keehn II and Jenny Ham-Roberts (eds) (2011) New York and Abingdon: Routledge, 436 pp., ISBN: 978-0-415-96085-4, p/bk, £34.99, h/bk £95.00
Artist Scholar: Reflections on Writing and Research, G. James Daichendt (2012) Bristol: Intellect, 161 pp., ISBN: 978-1-84150-487-2, p/bk, £16, $23
Art and Queer Culture, Catherine Lord and Richard Meyer (eds) (2013) London: Phaidon, 412 pp., ISBN: 978-0-7148-4035-5, h/bk, £49.95
Beginning with concept: Deconstructing the complexity of ‘culture’ through art in design education
Authors: Hadjiyanni Tasoulla 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The notion of ‘culture’ has long been recognized as an inherent component of both art and design education. What remains uncharted territory are ways by which educators can assess a student’s understanding of the complexity behind the production of ‘culture’. Contextualizing current pedagogical approaches within anthropological and interdisciplinary theoretical paradigms sheds light on the limitations of present undertakings. Static and stereotypical interpretations of ‘culture’ fail to account for the complex, multi-dimensional, hybrid, dynamic, intertwining, and ever-changing facets of ‘culture’ that characterize border crossings and modernization processes. This paper posits that concepts, an artistic synthesis of knowledge, can be the medium through which students can unravel the myth of ‘culture’ and expose its dynamic and changing nature, the tensions and contradictions involved, as well as the multiple ways of belonging. Marking the beginning of the design process, concepts that speak of ‘culture’ can propel a new era in infusing designs with social justice.
Education through digital art about art
Authors: Marner Anders , Örtegren Hans 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Four schools’ environments have been selected where paraphrases in art is a common denominator as a choice during secondary school. In this study, comparisons are made between digitally produced paraphrases, hand made paraphrases and blended production. The purpose is to shed some light on how the attitudes towards appropriations can be related to different media-specific tools. Theories about quotations in art are used to commenting on student´s work when paraphrasing by means of digital and/or manual techniques. The concluding remarks are that digital paraphrases of theme dominates, using quite simple juxtapositions, but still with interesting implications. Different ways of working with pictures digitally exposes multimodal ways for pupils to appropriating picture-making for their own purposes.
Finding a space for art
Authors: Jarvis Michael John 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The article addresses a key issue raised by the Office for Standards in Education (Ofsted) with regard to the working spaces within schools where children can develop their art, craft and design skills and knowledge. In this comparative study the researcher interviewed two artists and four early years/primary teachers to try and establish the importance of the working space in developing effective practice, either as an artist or teacher of art. The interviews were recorded and field notes taken en situ. It became clear that the existence of a successful space for artworking was dependent upon other factors, for example, the practitioner’s specialist knowledge of art, how ideas for art were initiated, the extent of preparation and organization for artworking and the crucial importance of ‘practice’ for artist, child and teacher alike.
Developing thinking skills through the visual: An a/r/tographical journey
Authors: Lazo Veronica Garcia , Smith Jill 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This article reports on research that investigated how students’ critical thinking skills can be developed through images. The research was located in New Zealand, a country whose national curriculum and assessment systems stress ‘thinking’ as a key competency and place emphasis on developing visual literacies. The research was underpinned by a critique of the impact of images on students living in an image-saturated world and the importance of them being visually literate. It involved examination and documentation of strategies used by two teachers to foster the critical thinking of year 13 students in visual arts education and their responses to those experiences. The research was positioned within an a/r/tographical framework, a method which links art, research and teaching, and privileges both text and image. The findings, presented as an integration of participant and researcher ‘voice’ and the ‘visual’, illustrate the profound effects of critical looking practice through an enquiry framework.
Volume production in different silvicultural systems for 85 years in a mixed <i>Picea abies–Pinus sylvestris</i> forest in central Sweden
Authors: Lundqvist Lars , Spreer Susanne , Karlsson Christer 
Published: February 2014

A long-term comparison of different silvicultural systems was established in 1923 in central Sweden, in an uneven-aged mixed Norway spruceâScots pine forest ( (L.) Karst. â L.) with about 85% spruce and 15% pine. The five treatments consisted of two examples of even-aged management 1) clear-cutting followed by planting, and 2) seed tree regeneration, one uneven-aged management 3) selection system, one exploiting treatment 4) diameter limit cut, and 5) one untreated control plot. Each treatment plot was 1 ha, 100 m Ã 100Â m. The plots were measured and managed at irregular intervals, ranging from 7 to 15 years. In 2007â2008 the even-aged treatments and the diameter limit cut were repeated and a new rotation started. Mean annual volume increment during the whole observation period differed widely between the treatments, partly because of differences in species composition over time, with treatment clear-cutting followed by planting at the top, and the control at the bottom. Treatment selection system gave only about 60% of planting, but this was probably largely an effect of too small growing stock during the first roughly 50 years. When the growing stock was increased, periodic annual volume increment increased to about 80% of the mean annual volume increment in the even-aged, planted plot.Picea abiesPinus sylvestris
Pre-clinical models of neurodevelopmental disorders: focus on the cerebellum
Authors: Shevelkin Alexey V. , Ihenatu Chinezimuzo , Pletnikov Mikhail V. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Recent studies have advanced our understanding of the role of the cerebellum in non-motor behaviors. Abnormalities in the cerebellar structure have been demonstrated to produce changes in emotional, cognitive, and social behaviors resembling clinical manifestations observed in patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and schizophrenia. Several animal models have been used to evaluate the effects of relevant environmental and genetic risk factors on the cerebellum development and function. However, very few models of ASD and schizophrenia selectively target the cerebellum and/or specific cell types within this structure. In this review, we critically evaluate the strength and weaknesses of these models. We will propose that the future progress in this field will require time- and cell type-specific manipulations of disease-relevant genes, not only selectively in the cerebellum, but also in frontal brain areas connected with the cerebellum. Such information can advance our knowledge of the cerebellar contribution to non-motor behaviors in mental health and disease.
Solitary Confinement and Risk of Self-Harm Among Jail Inmates
Authors: Kaba Fatos , Lewis Andrea , Glowa-Kollisch Sarah , Hadler James , Lee David , Alper Howard , Selling Daniel , MacDonald Ross , Solimo Angela , Parsons Amanda , Venters Homer 
Published: February 2014

Objectives. We sought to better understand acts of self-harm among inmates in correctional institutions. Methods. We analyzed data from medical records on 244 699 incarcerations in the New York City jail system from January 1, 2010, through January 31, 2013. Results. In 1303 (0.05%) of these incarcerations, 2182 acts of self-harm were committed, (103 potentially fatal and 7 fatal). Although only 7.3% of admissions included any solitary confinement, 53.3% of acts of self-harm and 45.0% of acts of potentially fatal self-harm occurred within this group. After we controlled for gender, age, race/ethnicity, serious mental illness, and length of stay, we found self-harm to be associated significantly with being in solitary confinement at least once, serious mental illness, being aged 18 years or younger, and being Latino or White, regardless of gender. Conclusions. These self-harm predictors are consistent with our clinical impressions as jail health service managers. Because of this concern, the New York City jail system has modified its practices to direct inmates with mental illness who violate jail rules to more clinical settings and eliminate solitary confinement for those with serious mental illness.
New daily persistent headache — rare primary or secondary phenomena caused by carotid-cavernous fistula? A case report
Authors: Ljubisavljevic Srdjan , Stojanov Dragan , Spasic Mirjana , Zivkovic Miroslava 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Carotid cavernous fistulas (CCF) are dural arteriovenous fistulas which include pathological communications between the arterial system and the venous cavernous sinus situated at the wall of the cavernous sinus. It can be demonstrated by wide range clinical presentations. The presented case shows a very modest clinical presentation of CCF which was present over a few months only as new daily persistent headache without initial positive findings on performed computer tomography of the head, but rapidly worsened over a period of few days.
Scutellarein ameliorates tongue cancer cells via mitochondria
Authors: Jing Guangping , Zheng Jinhua , Wang Xueyong , Li Haixia , Jiao Xiaohui 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
To investigate the mechanism in Scutellarein-induced apoptosis of SAS human tongue cancer cells, inhibitory effects of Scutellarein on SAS cells were detected by MTT assay. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. Ultrastructural changes of SAS cells were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) were analyzed by JC-1 [5,5,6,6-Tetrachloro-1,1,3,3-tetraethylbenzimidazolylcarbocyanine iodide]. Western blotting was used to examine the expression level of Bcl-2, Bax and caspase-3 in SAS cells treated with Scutellarein. Scutellarein inhibited the proliferation of SAS cells in a time and dose-dependent manner and increased the percent of apoptotic cells. The mitochondrial cristae were swollen and had vacuolar degeneration. ΔΨm decreased when the concentration of scutellarein increased. Scutellarein effectively up-regulated the expression of mitochondrial Bax and caspase-3 and down-regulated the expression of Bcl-2. Scutellarein induces apoptosis of SAS human tongue cancer cells via activating mitochondrial signaling pathway.
Chemisch-mechanische Charakterisierung der kriechbeständigen bariumhaltigen Mg-Al-Ca-Legierung DieMag422
Authors: Wittke Philipp , Klein Martin , Walther Frank 
Published: February 2014

Kurzfassung
Der Einfluss von Korrosion auf die Mikrostruktur und die damit einhergehenden mechanischen Eigenschaften der kriechbeständigen bariumhaltigen Mg-Al-Ca-Legierung DieMag422 wurden untersucht. Zur Bewertung des Korrosionsverhaltens wurden potenziodynamische Polarisationsmessungen und Immersionsversuche in pH7 mit und ohne Natriumchlorid durchgeführt. Die Korrosionsmechanismen wurden an Proben mit definierten Korrosionszuständen mikrostrukturell im REM analysiert. Die Festigkeits- und Verformungseigenschaften nichtkorrodierter und korrodierter Proben wurden in quasistatischen Zugversuchen verglichen, wobei ein signifikanter Abfall der Zugfestigkeit und Bruchdehnung mit steigendem Grad an korrosiver Schädigung festgestellt wurde. Die Ermüdungseigenschaften wurden in mehrstufigen und einstufigen Versuchen mithilfe von Hysteresis-, Temperatur- und elektrischen Widerstandsmessungen für verschiedene Korrosionszustände charakterisiert. Der Laststeigerungsversuch ermöglicht eine Abschätzung der Dauerfestigkeit und die Bestimmung der zum Bruch führenden Spannungsamplitude mit einer Probe. Die Ermüdungsergebnisse belegen einen signifikanten Abfall der Dauerfestigkeit und Bruchspannungsamplitude mit steigendem Korrosionsgrad. Die eingesetzten Messverfahren erlauben gleichermaßen die Charakterisierung der Ermüdungseigenschaften und die Darstellung des aktuellen Ermüdungszustands. Die thermische und elektrische Werkstoffreaktion verhält sich proportional zur zyklischen plastischen Verformung und bietet die Möglichkeit den aktuellen Ermüdungszustand von Bauteilen selbst unter Betriebsbedingungen im Sinne eines Condition-Monitorings zu bewerten.
Influence of Surface Roughness of Alumina Ceramics on Indentation Size
Authors: Renjo Marijana Majić , Ćurković Lidija , Ćorić Danko 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Alumina (Al2O3) is one of the most important technical ceramic materials due to its good properties and its acceptable price. For some purposes, it is important to achieve either a very smooth or a rough surface of the ceramic object. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different surface finish processes on the surface roughness of alumina and, consequently, on the measured Knoop hardness. Four types of samples were prepared, each with a different surface finish – ground with different SiC abrasive papers or polished with diamond pastes with different granulation. For each sample three indentation loads were used: 0.4903 N (HK 0.05), 4.903 N (HK 0.5) and 49.03 N (HK 5). It has been noticed that all samples exhibited a decrease in hardness with the increasing applied test load, a phenomenon known as the normal indentation size effect (ISE). In order to investigate this occurrence, three mathematical models were applied, i. e., Meyer's law, the proportional specimen resistance model (PSR) and modified proportional specimen resistance model (MPSR). The results showed that the alumina surface roughness significantly affects the measured Knoop hardness. Dependence of Knoop hardness and the indentation load can be quantified by all three mathematical models.
Optimization of the Cutting Parameters for Drilling Magnesium Alloy AZ 91
Authors: Kayir Yunus 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
In this study, machinability of AZ 91D magnesium alloy, which has been widely used in automotive and aircraft industries, was investigated by using HSS and carbide tools at dry cutting conditions. Taguchi's L18 (2**1 3**2) mixed model was used for the experiments. Drilling parameters such as feed rate, spindle speed and cutting tool were optimized according to the multiple responses (diametral error, circularity and surface roughness) by grey relational analysis. The effects of machining parameters and their interactions on the hole diameter, circularity and surface roughness were determined. The analysis of Taguchi and ANOVA indicated that the influence of drill material on the surface roughness of the drilled hole was high, but on the hole diameter and circularity it was low. Furthermore, the results of grey relational analysis revealed that optimal combination of the drilling parameters (0.3 mm/rev feed rate, carbide tool and 3000 rpm spindle speed) can be used to obtain the minimum diametral error, circularity error and surface roughness.
Assessment of Thermal Effects on the Free Vibration Characteristics of Composite Beams
Authors: Ergun Emin , Alkan Veysel 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
In this study, thermal effects on the free vibration characteristics of composite beams are studied for different temperatures and boundary conditions by using numerical and experimental techniques. Different ply angles, stacking sequences and specimen thickness are also considered. The comparison revealed a good agreement between numerical and experimental results. It is also concluded that regardless of the type of boundary condition and thickness, natural frequencies are decreased with increasing temperature. In addition, a minimum natural frequency value occurs in the natural frequency-ply angle graph at 60° ply angle for all considered temperatures. It can also be stated that the natural frequencies of the composite beams can be adjusted by controlling the temperature as well as the stacking sequences.
Pharmacokinetics of Raltegravir in the Semen of HIV-Infectedmen
Authors: Antoniou Tony , Loutfy Mona R , Brunetta Jason , Smith Graham , Halpenny Roberta , la Porte Charles 
Published: February 2014

Background We sought to determine the pharmacokinetic disposition of raltegravir in the blood and seminal plasma of HIV-infected men. Methods We conducted a pharmacokinetic study using a staggered sampling approach. A total of 16 HIV-infected men receiving raltegravir-based therapy were recruited into the study. Each participant provided six blood plasma and six seminal plasma samples for quantification of drug concentrations in both compartments. Blood and semen samples were obtained within 1 h of each other and were collected prior to the morning dose and at 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 h post-ingestion. Drug concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Results A total of 96 semen samples and 96 blood samples were obtained from all participants during the study period. The median age and baseline CD4+ T-cell count of the study participants were 48 years (IQR 42–53) and 450 cells/mm3 (IQR 289–585). Virological suppression to <50 copies/ml had been maintained for a median of 21 months (IQR 7–35) at the time of study enrolment. The median seminal plasma-to-blood plasma ratios and AUC0–12 h seminal plasma-to-blood plasma ratios of raltegravir were 3.25 (IQR 1.46–5.37) and 2.26 (IQR 1.05– 4.45), respectively. Conclusions Concentrations of raltegravir in seminal plasma are several fold higher than those attained in blood plasma and those required to inhibit viral replication in this compartment. Further research examining the therapeutic and prophylactic implications of these findings is warranted.