bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First trimester detection of double aneuploidy involving autosomes and sex chromosomes using combined biochemical and ultrasound screening
Authors: Spencer Kevin 
Published: July 2013

What's already known about this topic?

A few isolated reports of double trisomy involving chromosomes 21 or 18 and sex chromosomes have shown increased nuchal translucency.What does this study add?

I outline two new additional cases involving chromosome 21 and a further two new additional cases involving chromosome 18.
In all four cases, nuchal translucency was increased and the first trimester biochemical patterns followed those seen in single autosomal triploidy involving chromosome 21 or 18.
Double trisomy can be identified through existing first trimester combined test screening algorithms.
Higher emotional distress in female partners of cancer patients: prevalence and patient–partner interdependencies in a 3‐year cohort
Authors: Moser Michael T. , Künzler Alfred , Nussbeck Fridtjof , Bargetzi Mario , Znoj Hans J. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectiveAssessment and treatment of psychological distress in cancer patients was recognized as a major challenge. The role of spouses, caregivers, and significant others became of salient importance not only because of their supportive functions but also in respect to their own burden. The purpose of this study was to assess the amount of distress in a mixed sample of cancer patients and their partners and to explore the dyadic interdependence.MethodsAn initial sample of 154 dyads was recruited, and distress questionnaires (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Symptom Checklist 9‐Item Short Version and 12‐Item Short Form Health Survey) were assessed over four time points. Linear mixed models and actor–partner interdependence models were applied.ResultsA significant proportion of patients and their partners (up to 40%) reported high levels of anxiety, depression, psychological distress, and low quality of life over the course of the investigation. Mixed model analyses revealed that higher risks for clinical relevant anxiety and depression in couples exist for female patients and especially for female partners. Although psychological strain decreased over time, the risk for elevated distress in female partners remained. Modeling patient–partner interdependence over time stratified by patients' gender revealed specific effects: a moderate correlation between distress in patients and partners, and a transmission of distress from male patients to their female partners.ConclusionsOur findings provide empirical support for gender‐specific transmission of distress in dyads coping with cancer. This should be considered as an important starting point for planning systemic psycho‐oncological interventions and conceptualizing further research. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Drying Conditions on the Particle Size, Dispersion State, and Mechanical Sensitivities of Nano HMX
Authors: Liu Jie , Jiang Wei , Li Fengsheng , Wang Longxiang , Zeng Jiangbao , Li Qing , Wang Yi , Yang Qing 
Published: July 2013

AbstractNano HMX was prepared using a bi‐directional rotation mill and dried in different liquids, at various temperatures, and under different conditions. It was revealed that the samples were caked seriously and the particles tend to aggregate with obviously increased size when dried through ordinary drying in different liquids at 70 °C, which also occurred after vacuum drying. The degree of caking and aggregation was enhanced with increasing temperature. The particles were prevented to grow and the samples were fluffy when supercritical drying, particularly freeze drying, was used. The mechanical sensitivities of the samples marked with I‐HMX, O‐HMX, and F‐HMX, which had average sizes of 120.36 μm, 1.18 μm, and 0.16 μm, respectively, were carried out. Compared with I‐HMX, the friction, impact, and shock sensitivities of O‐HMX were slightly lower, and a significant sensitivity decrease for F‐HMX happened with specific values of 28 %, 42.8 %, and 56.4 %, respectively, which demonstrated significant safety improvement.
Crossed graphene: Stability and electronic structure
Authors: Bahmann Silvia , Weißbach Torsten , Kortus Jens 
Published: July 2013

AbstractCarbon has always attracted attention due to its rich chemistry and the almost complementary properties of the natural phases graphite and diamond. While graphite is a highly anisotropic semi‐metal, diamond shows high hardness and thermal conductivity and is a wide‐gap insulator. With the discovery of graphene, fullerenes, and carbon nanotubes which resemble properties of the two crystalline phases, research on those and novel carbon materials emerged. Since carbon is forming different covalent bonds, there is a multitude of possibilities to create new structures by just combining sp, sp2, and sp3 bonded carbon. Here we report on the discovery of a new sp2 and sp3 bonded carbon structure which can be seen as a crossed graphene structure providing hybrid properties of graphene and diamond by means of an evolutionary algorithm.magnified image(© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Magnetotransport and thermopower of single Bi0.92Sb0.08 nanowires
Authors: Heiderich Sonja , Toellner William , Boehnert Tim , Gluschke Jan Goeran , Zastrow Sebastian , Schumacher Christian , Pippel Eckhard , Nielsch Kornelius 
Published: July 2013

Abstractmagnified imageThis Letter reports on temperature‐dependent electrical measurements of single Bi0.92Sb0.08 nanowires with diameters between 220 nm and 350 nm. The magnetoresistance effect under transverse magnetic fields of ±2 T and the Seebeck coefficient S are measured in the temperature range of 50–300 K. Additionally, the influence of an annealing step on the transport properties is investigated. The as‐prepared wires show heterogeneous temperature dependent behavior, whereas the annealed wires show semiconductive behavior. The room temperature value of the resistivity of the wires is between 2 × 10–6 Ωm and 1.4 × 10–5 Ωm. Magnetoresistance effects up to 15% at 50 K for the as‐prepared nanowires and up to 23% for the annealed wires are observed. The temperature dependent Seebeck coefficient of single wires is determined. The as‐prepared wires show a rise of the absolute value of S with temperature and it seems to saturate at room temperature. In contrast to this, the annealed wires show a linear increase of S. The room temperature values of S are –55 µV K–1 and –45 µV K–1, respectively. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Isotopic evidence of limited exchange between Mediterranean and eastern North Atlantic fin whales
Authors: Giménez Joan , Gómez‐Campos Encarna , Borrell Asunción , Cardona Luis , Aguilar Alex 
Published: July 2013

RATIONALEThe relationship between stocks of fin whales inhabiting the temperate eastern North Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea is subject to controversy. The use of chemical markers facilitates an alternative insight into population structure and potential borders between stocks because the two areas present dissimilar isotopic baselines.METHODSBaleen plates, composed of inert tissue that keeps a permanent chronological record of the isotopic value of body circulating fluids, were used to investigate connectivity and boundaries between the stocks. Values were determined by continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry.RESULTSStable isotopes confirm that, while the two subpopulations generally forage in well‐differentiated grounds, some individuals with characteristic Atlantic values do penetrate into the Mediterranean Sea up to the northernmost latitudes of the region. As a consequence, the border between the two putative subpopulations may be not as definite as previous acoustic investigations suggested. The discriminant function obtained in this study may assist researchers to use baleen plate isotopic data to assign the origin of fin whales of uncertain provenance.CONCLUSIONSThis study strengthens the stock subdivision currently accepted for management and conservation while recognizes a low level of exchange between the Mediterranean and temperate eastern North Atlantic subdivisions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nonlinear temporal pulse cleaning techniques and application
Authors: Xu Yi , Wang Jianzhou , Huang Yansui , Li Yanyan , Lu Xiaomin , Leng Yuxin 
Published: July 2013

AbstractTwo different pulse cleaning techniques for ultra-high contrast laser systems are comparably analysed in this work. The first pulse cleaning technique is based on noncollinear femtosecond optical-parametric amplification (NOPA) and second-harmonic generation (SHG) processes. The other is based on cross-polarized wave (XPW) generation. With a double chirped pulse amplifier (double-CPA) scheme, although temporal contrast enhancement in a high-intensity femtosecond Ti:sapphire chirped pulse amplification (CPA) laser system can be achieved based on both of the techniques, the two different pulse cleaning techniques still have their own advantages and are suitable for different contrast enhancement requirements of different laser systems.
What Is Making Vineyard Investment in Northwest Victoria, Australia, Slow to Adjust?
Authors: Seyoum-Tegegn Emayenesh , Chan Chris 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis paper reports a use of the real-options valuation methodology to analyze wine grape vineyard investment under price and yield uncertainty. Threshold annual rates of revenue per hectare to trigger entry and exit, respectively, were calculated for three different sizes of wine grape vineyards in northwest Victoria, Australia. The modeling identified lower exit and higher entry triggers than would be indicated by a conventional approach that ignores the uncertainty underpinning adaptive investment decisions. Between these triggers is a relatively wide gap of estimated indeterminacy in vineyard investment that highlights the intertwined influence of numerous economic factors—cost structure, economies of scale, market volatility, transaction costs, and sunk and salvaged asset valuation. Drawing on these determinants of vineyard investment and disinvestment, the paper discusses the role of investment incentives in affecting industry transformation and the scope for policy intervention to assist structural adjustment of the wine grape sector. (JEL Classification: C61, G11, I25, Q12)
Palaeoecology of the marine reptiles of the Redwater Shale Member of the Sundance Formation (Jurassic) of central Wyoming, USA
Authors: MASSARE JUDY A. , WAHL WILLIAM R. , ROSS MIKE , CONNELY MELISSA V. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe Redwater Shale Member (Oxfordian) of the Sundance Formation was deposited in the foreland basin of the Cordillera during the last and largest marine transgression of the Jurassic in North America. One ichthyosaur (Ophthalmosaurus natans), two cryptocleidoid plesiosaurs (Tatenectes laramiensis,Pantosaurus striatus) and one pliosauromorph (Megalneusaurus rex) are known from the Redwater Shale Member. Ichthyosaurs are much more abundant than plesiosaurs, making up almost 60% of the fauna. No actinopterygian fish have been found, although four species have been identified from the lower Sundance Formation. At least one hybodont shark and one neoselachian are known from rare isolated teeth. The main food source for the marine reptiles was belemnoids, as indicated by preserved gut contents for all four species. In comparison, the better known and slightly older Peterborough Member of the Oxford Clay Formation of England, has a much higher taxonomic and ecological diversity, especially in the plesiosaurs, marine crocodiles, and fish. The lower diversity in the Redwater Shale Member probably reflects a much lower primary productivity in the Sundance Sea, as well as restricted migration from the open ocean to the north.
Benthonic foraminifera in the Upper Miocene Cruse Formation at Quinam Bay, Trinidad, western tropical Atlantic Ocean, and their palaeoenvironmental significance
Authors: WILSON B. , VINCENT H. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe Upper Miocene Cruse Formation of Trinidad yields predominantly agglutinated foraminifera. The limited assemblage has previously hampered palaeoenvironmental interpretations. Twenty-two samples taken from a basal Cruse section at 0.5 m intervals from Quinam Bay (10°05′07.7″N, 61°45′04.7″W) yielded 2938 foraminifera in 33 species, almost all agglutinated. The absence of calcite-cemented agglutinants suggests post-mortem dissolution of calcareous specimens. DominantSpirosigmoilinella compressaindicates lower bathyal to abyssal palaeodepths, although the low values of the information function H are typical of shallower water. SubdominantHaplophragmoides carinatusandHaplophragmoidessp. 1 indicate low dissolved oxygen levels. Diversities measured using species richness S and H were especially low in the lowest 3.5 m of the section. The proportional abundance of the dominant species in each sample, max(pi), indicated three subsections, being low in the middle of the section but higher at the top and bottom. SHE analysis indicated six abundance biozones (ABs) containing one to seven samples each. Of the three ABs with more than three samples, two had Type 1 community structures and one had a Type 0 community structure. ABs with one or two samples indicate that environmental change at the top of the interval with low diversity is rapid. This is reflected in a change from abundant morphotype M3a (surficial epifauna flattened) at the base of the section to abundant M4a (shallow infauna planispiral) with M4b (deep infaunal) towards the top, which shows a downward shift in the position of the redox front part way through the section.
Aeneas and History
Authors: Knight W. F. J. 
Published: July 2013

Thelegend of Aeneas grew up in the fifth centuryb.c.among Greeks. In the fourth it was adopted at Rome, and developed. Then it remained static for a century, until the Julii further developed it in the interest of family policy.This is roughly the result to which the criticism of the Italian foundation legends has led. No single early and original form of them can be defined. They are confused and self-contradictory. Archaeology gives little if any direct confirmation of them, as they stand. Before the end of the nineteenth century few believed that they represented any historical reality. They were supposed to be a poetic invention, by which Greeks in the west sought to adorn the history of their new homes by connecting it with the poetry of their old. At the end of the century a kind of principle could be stated: that peoples naturally tend to claim false origins in lands far from their historical home. Even now pre-historians of Italy can almost disregard the possibility that the legends may have truth in them; for much of the early archaeological evidence is coherent without assuming infiltrations by sea.
Guilty Or Not Guilty? Four Athenian Trials
Authors: Forster E. S. 
Published: July 2013

The Corpus of Attic Orators is one of the richest legacies which has come down to us from antiquity. It is invaluable from many points of view. It provides us with unique material for tracing the evolution of Greek prose style; it illustrates the administration of public and private law at Athens; it supplies important evidence for Greek history; and, since the private orations deal with the personal affairs of ordinary citizens, it throws a flood of light on everyday life at Athens. It is with the last point that I shall attempt to deal.The private orations were composed by professional speech-writers for delivery by clients who were obliged by law to plead their own causes in the courts. Being concerned with real or alleged crimes, they naturally do not show human nature at its best.I propose to take as examples two speeches dealing with murders, one with an accusation of falsely claiming a dole, and one with a charge of assault and battery.Two Murder Cases.Antiphon, the earliest of the Attic Orators, who was also well known as a politician and took a prominent part in the establishment of the Four Hundred in 411 B.C., was head of a school of rhetoric which was attended by Thucydides. Fifteen of his speeches have survived, all of which deal with murder cases, three having been written for actual delivery and the rest as specimen speeches on fictitious themes.The speech On the Murder of Herodes was composed for a certain Euxitheus and is concerned with an incident which took place on the island of Lesbos off the coast of Asia Minor.
The Golden Age and the KYKΛOΣ ΓENEΣEΩN (Cyclical Theory) in Greek and Latin Literature
Authors: Martin R. H. 
Published: July 2013

The belief in a golden age is not confined to any one age or civilization. In every civilized community there tends to grow up a nostalgia for the simpler life of bygone days; and other races besides the Greeks (particularly the Chinese) have shown the same desire to exalt their origins and ancestry; But there are peculiar factors which for the Greeks make this belief more real. Their civilization was, they believed, a new one without a forerunner; immediately previous to it lay the period of barbarity in which the idealized naturalism of the age of Cronos was supposed to have flourished. At the same time the subconscious memory of the glories of the Aegean civilization and, perhaps, of the peaceful civilizations such as that of the Indus valley, furnished material to embellish the legend of the Golden Age.The scope of this article is somewhat diffuse, and a brief mention of the points which are discussed in it will help to make the oudine more clear. First I shall recapitulate the main characteristics of the Golden Age as it is portrayed in classical literature; next I shall discuss the significant fact that it is only used by some writers, while others adhere to the competing theory of ascendant evolution. Then I shall attempt to settle the position, first of the writings of Lucretius, secondly of the Prometheus legend with reference to these competing theories of degeneracy and evolution. Finally, after a brief outline of the causes which lead to a belief in a cyclical theory, a comparison will be made between the views of Hesiod (in Works and Days, 109 ff.) and Plato (Politicus, 269 ff.).
Rudens
Authors: Herington C. J. 
Published: July 2013

Dear Caecilius,Here is an account of Plautus' latest play, which will, I hope, give you some entertainment, and relieve the boredom which you must feel after six months spent in the wilds of Sardinia.The play is called The Rope, and is said to be an adaptation of Diphilus' Wallet. I inquired among my friends for a copy of the Greek original, but was unable to find one; I must therefore judge the Latin without reference to its merits as a translation. It is full of wit, of course —all Plautus' work is—but I am afraid that some of the Latinized Greek jokes were above the heads of the audience. You should have heard them groan when the slave likened a storm to the ‘Alcmene of Euripides’! The very name of a Periclean author is enough to make them angry.The plot is not very original—the usual recognition story, you know, which was so popular in New Comedy. An old Athenian, Daemones, is living in retirement on the coast near Cyrene. His long-lost daughter Palaestra has become the property of a bawd Labrax, who is carrying her away aboard ship from Cyrene to Sicily. The ship, however, is wrecked within sight of Daemones' house, and the eventual wayvwpuns is carried out by means of certain tokens belonging to Palaestra. These are discovered in a basket which Daemones' slave, Gripus, salvages from the sea. I need hardly say, my dear Caecilius, that there is a great deal of by-play of one kind and another. There is a particularly funny scene in which Gripus quarrels with the bawd's slave, Trachalio, for the possession of the basket.
Hellenism and Christian Education
Authors: Moore R. W 
Published: July 2013

The Roman poet Ennius said he had three hearts, one Oscan, one Greek, and one Roman. That is to say he was native Italian by birth and upbringing, Greek by education, and Roman by adoption. By what species of co-operation the three worked as one it may be hard to determine; that they did work as one is clear; the poetry of Ennius, or some of it, lives in testimony. Somehow Italian dearness and the Greek inspiration were fused in the Roman mould to a dynamic end. Est locus Hesperiam quam mortales perhibebant… the anthropological elements have been fused in the crucible of history and the poet's magic is whole-hearted and complete. Yet it is a hybrid product, and it must have been hard at times, even for an Ennius, to escape the pain of a divided heart.A similar sickness and a similar division must beset all scholars nourished on a culture, let me not say alien, but inherited from a past beside which their native tradition is young. I, an Englishman, born and bred in the fresh green lap of fair King Richard's land, I whohave prepared my peaceWith learned Italian thingsand the proud stones of Greece,only to find it troubled and broken by the more searching simplicities of Judaea and Christ, how shall I find my spiritual home?On my study wall is a half-inch Ordnance Map of the Cotswolds. Its greens and browns in subtle half-tones and harmonies epitomize for me days of solid experience in sun and rain and wind and other days walked there only in the mind.
Why Latin?
Authors: Melluish T. W 
Published: July 2013

When the twentieth century ushered in the State Secondary School its fond foster-parents, gazing with delight on their new pet, gave it the only food they knew, an old-fashioned type of mixed classical and mathematical biscuits. The puppy was just getting its teeth into this when a friend dropping in, himself a bit of an expert, forthwith pronounced the food too hard and dry, and substituted a coloured and powerfully smelling preparation based on a scientific formula. The bewildered hound then transferred his attention to this. Soon, however, History came knocking at the door and placed before the dog what was pronounced to be the only real canine diet, a large meaty bone. When again a dish of Economics was offered, the pup leapt playfully towards this, disregarding the French, German, and Spanish recipes which had meanwhile been used to tempt the pampered pet. Before long all available floor space had been used up with an assortment of pabula varia, the dog drifting hopelessly from one plate to another in a vain effort to appease all the dog-fanciers. Now the owners are gazing with concern at the resultant dog. What promised to be a magnificent specimen, the pride of all Crafts, is but a sickly cur, and a martyr to chronic belly-ache.A state of affairs has in fact been reached which must not and cannot last. Among the manifold changes that seem to be imminent, a reform of the Secondary School curriculum is overdue. If nothing else, then Mr. Butler's Act will render such changes necessary.