bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medical Surge Capacity in Atlanta-Area Hospitals in Response to Tanker Truck Chemical Releases
Authors: Harris Curtis , Bell William , Rollor Edward , Waltz Tawny , Blackwell Pam , Dallas Cham 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveWe designed and conducted a regional full-scale exercise in 2007 to test the ability of Atlanta-area hospitals and community partners to respond to a terrorist attack involving the coordinated release of 2 dangerous chemicals (toluene diisocyanate and parathion) that were being transported through the area by tanker truck.MethodsThe exercise was designed to facilitate the activation of hospital emergency response plans and to test applicable triage, decontamination, and communications protocols. Plume modeling was conducted by using the Defense Threat Reduction Agency’s (DTRA) Hazard Prediction and Assessment Capability (HPAC) V4 program. The scenario went through multiple iterations as exercise planners sought to reduce total injuries to a manageable, but stressful, level for Atlanta’s health care infrastructure.ResultsAtlanta-area hospitals rapidly performed multiple casualty triage and were able to take in a surge of victims from the simulated attack. However, health care facilities were reticent to push the perceived manageable numbers of victims, and scenarios were modified significantly to lower the magnitude of the simulated attack. Additional coordination with community response partners and incident command training is recommended. Security at health care facilities and decontamination of arriving victims are two areas that will require continued review.ConclusionAtlanta-area hospitals participated in an innovative regional exercise that pushed facilities beyond traditional scopes of practice and brought together numerous health care community response partners. Using lessons learned from this exercise coupled with subsequent real-world events and training exercises, participants have significantly enhanced preparedness levels and increased the metropolitan region’s medical surge capacity in the case of a multiple casualty disaster. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;9:681–689)
In Preparation or Response: Examining Health Care Coalitions Amid a Changing Economic and Political Landscape
Authors: Dornauer Mark E. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTThe Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response within the US Department of Health and Human Services leads the nation in preparing for, responding to, and recovering from the adverse health effects of public health emergencies, in part through formal collaborations between hospitals, health systems, community health centers, public health departments, and community organizations via health care coalitions (HCCs). HCCs endeavor to meet the medical surge demands inherent to disasters and to improve health outcomes before, during, and after public health emergencies. Nevertheless, significant changes in health economics and policy can impact the operations, capabilities, and scope of HCCs. Specifically, hospital consolidation and the Affordable Care Act (ACA) are altering the national health care landscape, as well as the emergency preparedness sector, and are challenging HCCs to adapt to large-scale, industry-wide transformations. This article examines HCCs in the context of the developments of hospital consolidation and the ACA in order to facilitate future discourse regarding the strategy and policy of HCCs amid a changing economic and political landscape. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;9:698–703)
Displacement flows under elastic membranes. Part 1. Experiments and direct numerical simulations
Authors: Pihler-Puzović Draga , Juel Anne , Peng Gunnar G. , Lister John R. , Heil Matthias 
Published: November 2015

The injection of fluid into the narrow liquid-filled gap between a rigid plate and an elastic membrane drives a displacement flow that is controlled by the competition between elastic and viscous forces. We study such flows using the canonical set-up of an elastic-walled Hele-Shaw cell whose upper boundary is formed by an elastic sheet. We investigate both single- and two-phase displacement flows in which the localised injection of fluid at a constant flow rate is accommodated by the inflation of the sheet and the outward propagation of an axisymmetric front beyond which the cell remains approximately undeformed. We perform a direct comparison between quantitative experiments and numerical simulations of two theoretical models. The models couple the Föppl–von Kármán equations, which describe the deformation of the thin elastic membrane, to the equations describing the flow, which we model by (i) the Navier–Stokes equations or (ii) lubrication theory. We identify the dominant physical effects that control the behaviour of the system and critically assess modelling assumptions that were made in previous studies. The insight gained from these studies is then used in Part 2 of this work, where we formulate an improved lubrication model and develop an asymptotic description of the key phenomena.
Enhanced heat transport in partitioned thermal convection
Authors: Bao Yun , Chen Jun , Liu Bo-Fang , She Zhen-Su , Zhang Jun , Zhou Quan 
Published: November 2015

Enhancement of heat transport across a fluid layer is of fundamental interest as well as great technological importance. For decades, Rayleigh–Bénard convection has been a paradigm for the study of convective heat transport, and how to improve its overall heat-transfer efficiency is still an open question. Here, we report an experimental and numerical study that reveals a novel mechanism that leads to much enhanced heat transport. When vertical partitions are inserted into a convection cell with thin gaps left open between the partition walls and the cooling/heating plates, it is found that the convective flow becomes self-organized and more coherent, leading to an unprecedented heat-transport enhancement. In particular, our experiments show that with six partition walls inserted, the heat flux can be increased by approximately 30 %. Numerical simulations show a remarkable heat-flux enhancement of up to 2.3 times (with 28 partition walls) that without any partitions.
Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) in China: an integrated data analysis
Authors: GUO C.-T. , LU Q.-B. , DING S.-J. , HU C.-Y. , HU J.-G. , WO Y. , FAN Y.-D. , WANG X.-J. , QIN S.-L. , CUI N. , YANG Z.-D. , ZHANG X.-A. , LIU W. , CAO W.-C. 
Published: November 2015

SUMMARYSevere fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease that was caused by a novel bunyavirus, SFTSV. The study aimed to disclose the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of SFTSV infection in China so far. An integrated clinical database comprising 1920 SFTS patients was constructed by combining first-hand clinical information collected from SFTS sentinel hospitals (n = 1159) and extracted data (n = 761) from published literature. The considered variables comprised clinical manifestations, routine laboratory tests of acute infection, hospitalization duration and disease outcome. SFTSV-IgG data from 19 119 healthy subjects were extracted from the published papers. The key clinical variables, case-fatality rate (CFR) and seroprevalence were estimated by meta-analysis. The most commonly seen clinical manifestations of SFTSV infection were fever, anorexia, myalgia, chill and lymphadenopathy. The major laboratory findings were elevated lactate dehydrogenase, aminotransferase, followed by thrombocytopenia, lymphocytopenia, elevated alanine transaminase and creatine kinase. A CFR of 12·2% was estimated, significantly higher than that obtained from national reporting data, but showing no geographical difference. In our paper, the mortality rate was about 1·9 parts per million. Older age and longer delay to hospitalization were significantly associated with fatal outcome. A pooled seroprevalence of 3·0% was obtained, which increased with age, while comparable for gender. This study represents a clinical characterization on the largest group of SFTS patients up to now. A higher than expected CFR was obtained. A wider spectrum of clinical index was suggested to be used to identify SFTSV infection, while the useful predictor for fatal outcome was found to be restricted.
Humanitarian principles put to the test: Challenges to humanitarian action during decolonization
Authors: Thompson Andrew 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis article examines the meaning and purpose of the Fundamental Principles of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement during and after decolonization. This was a period when the character of conflict experienced far-reaching changes, when the limitations of international humanitarian law were sharply exposed, and when humanitarian organizations of all kinds – the International Committee of the Red Cross included – redefined their missions and mandates. The Fundamental Principles were caught up in these processes; subject to a resurgent State sovereignty, they were both animated and constrained by the geopolitical forces of the era. The article pays particular attention to the politicization of the Principles in the contexts of colonial counter-insurgency, political detention and transfers of power.
Applying the humanitarian principles: Reflecting on the experience of the International Committee of the Red Cross
Authors: Labbé Jérémie , Daudin Pascal 
Published: November 2015

AbstractApplying the humanitarian principles of humanity, impartiality, neutrality and independence in a relevant manner in concrete operational settings is a constant challenge for humanitarian organizations. Bound by this set of norms, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) has incrementally developed over the years a rational framework that allows its leadership and staff on the ground to act according to these principles while developing adapted solutions and pragmatic approaches. This article begins by describing the history and development of the humanitarian principles; it then explains how the strategic choices of the ICRC are informed by these principles, and what the consequences are for the organization's capacity to act in favour of victims of armed conflicts.
Clinical implications of proliferation activity in T1 or T2 male gastric cancer patients
Authors: Kim Young-Woo , Eom Bang Wool , Kook Myeong-Cherl , Kim Han-Seong , Kim Mi-Kyung , Hwang Hai-Li , Chandra Vishal , Poojan Shiv , Song Yura , Koh Jae-Soo , Bae Chang-Dae , Ro Jungsil , Hong Kyeong-Man 
Published: November 2015

AbstractProliferation activity has already been established as a prognostic marker or as a marker for anticancer drug sensitivity. In gastric cancer, however, the prognostic significance of proliferation activity is still being debated. Several studies evaluating proliferation activity using Ki-67 have shown controversial results in terms of the relationship between proliferation activity and overall survival (OS) or drug sensitivity in gastric cancer patients. Because cytoskeleton-associated protein 2 (CKAP2) staining has recently been introduced as a marker of proliferation activity, we analyzed 437 gastric cancer tissues through CKAP2 immunohistochemistry, and we evaluated the chromatin CKAP2-positive cell count (CPCC) for proliferation activity. Although the CPCC did not show any significant correlation with OS in the male, female or total number of cases, it did show a significant correlation in the T1 or T2 male patient subgroup, according to log-rank tests (P=0.001) and univariate analysis (P=0.045). Additionally, multivariate analysis with the Cox proportional hazard regression model showed a significant correlation between the CPCC and OS (P=0.039) for the co-variables of age, gender, T stage, N stage, histology, tumor location, tumor size and adjuvant chemotherapy. In male gastric cancer cell lines, faster-growing cancer cells showed higher sensitivity to cisplatin than slow-growing cells. Thus our study indicates that CPCC-measured proliferation activity demonstrates a significantly worse prognosis in T1 or T2 male gastric cancer patients. The CPCC will help to more precisely classify gastric cancer patients and to select excellent candidates for adjuvant chemotherapy, which in turn will facilitate further clinical chemotherapeutic trials.
Modelling extracellular limitations for mediated versus direct interspecies electron transfer
Authors: Storck Tomas , Virdis Bernardino , Batstone Damien J 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Interspecies electron transfer (IET) is important for many anaerobic processes, but is critically dependent on mode of transfer. In particular, direct IET (DIET) has been recently proposed as a metabolically advantageous mode compared with mediated IET (MIET) via hydrogen or formate. We analyse relative feasibility of these IET modes by modelling external limitations using a reaction-diffusion-electrochemical approach in a three-dimensional domain. For otherwise identical conditions, external electron transfer rates per cell pair (cp) are considerably higher for formate-MIET (317 × 103 e− cp−1 s−1) compared with DIET (44.9 × 103 e− cp−1 s−1) or hydrogen-MIET (5.24 × 103 e− cp−1 s−1). MIET is limited by the mediator concentration gradient at which reactions are still thermodynamically feasible, whereas DIET is limited through redox cofactor (for example, cytochromes) activation losses. Model outcomes are sensitive to key parameters for external electron transfer including cofactor electron transfer rate constant and redox cofactor area, concentration or count per cell, but formate-MIET is generally more favourable for reasonable parameter ranges. Extending the analysis to multiple cells shows that the size of the network does not strongly influence relative or absolute favourability of IET modes. Similar electron transfer rates for formate-MIET and DIET can be achieved in our case with a slight (0.7 kJ mol−1) thermodynamic advantage for DIET. This indicates that close to thermodynamic feasibility, external limitations can be compensated for by improved metabolic efficiency when using direct electron transfer.
Heat Acclimation Provides Sustained Improvement in Functional Recovery and Attenuates Apoptosis after Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Umschweif Gali , Shein Na'ama A , Alexandrovich Alexander G , Trembovler Victoria , Horowitz Michal , Shohami Esther 
Published: November 2015

Correction to: Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism (2010) 30, 616–627; doi:10.1038/jcbfm.2009.234; published online 11 November 2009. Following the publication of this article, the authors noticed that Dr Umschweif was misspelled. The complete and correct author names appear above.
Laboratory measurements of resistivity in warm dense plasmas relevant to the microphysics of brown dwarfs
Authors: Booth N. , Robinson A. P. L. , Hakel P. , Clarke R. J. , Dance R. J. , Doria D. , Gizzi L. A. , Gregori G. , Koester P. , Labate L. , Levato T. , Li B. , Makita M. , Mancini R. C. , Pasley J. , Rajeev P. P. , Riley D. , Wagenaars E. , Waugh J. N. , Woolsey N. C. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractSince the observation of the first brown dwarf in 1995, numerous studies have led to a better understanding of the structures of these objects. Here we present a method for studying material resistivity in warm dense plasmas in the laboratory, which we relate to the microphysics of brown dwarfs through viscosity and electron collisions. Here we use X-ray polarimetry to determine the resistivity of a sulphur-doped plastic target heated to Brown Dwarf conditions by an ultra-intense laser. The resistivity is determined by matching the plasma physics model to the atomic physics calculations of the measured large, positive, polarization. The inferred resistivity is larger than predicted using standard resistivity models, suggesting that these commonly used models will not adequately describe the resistivity of warm dense plasma related to the viscosity of brown dwarfs.
Late Na+ current and protracted electrical recovery are critical determinants of the aging myopathy
Authors: Signore Sergio , Sorrentino Andrea , Borghetti Giulia , Cannata Antonio , Meo Marianna , Zhou Yu , Kannappan Ramaswamy , Pasqualini Francesco , O'Malley Heather , Sundman Mark , Tsigkas Nikolaos , Zhang Eric , Arranto Christian , Mangiaracina Chiara , Isobe Kazuya , Sena Brena F. , Kim Junghyun , Goichberg Polina , Nahrendorf Matthias , Isom Lori L. , Leri Annarosa , Anversa Piero , Rota Marcello 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe aging myopathy manifests itself with diastolic dysfunction and preserved ejection fraction. We raised the possibility that, in a mouse model of physiological aging, defects in electromechanical properties of cardiomyocytes are important determinants of the diastolic characteristics of the myocardium, independently from changes in structural composition of the muscle and collagen framework. Here we show that an increase in the late Na+ current (INaL) in aging cardiomyocytes prolongs the action potential (AP) and influences temporal kinetics of Ca2+ cycling and contractility. These alterations increase force development and passive tension. Inhibition of INaL shortens the AP and corrects dynamics of Ca2+ transient, cell contraction and relaxation. Similarly, repolarization and diastolic tension of the senescent myocardium are partly restored. Thus, INaL offers inotropic support, but negatively interferes with cellular and ventricular compliance, providing a new perspective of the biology of myocardial aging and the aetiology of the defective cardiac performance in the elderly.
Meta-analysis identifies seven susceptibility loci involved in the atopic march
Authors: Marenholz Ingo , Esparza-Gordillo Jorge , Rüschendorf Franz , Bauerfeind Anja , Strachan David P. , Spycher Ben D. , Baurecht Hansjörg , Margaritte-Jeannin Patricia , Sääf Annika , Kerkhof Marjan , Ege Markus , Baltic Svetlana , Matheson Melanie C. , Li Jin , Michel Sven , Ang Wei Q. , McArdle Wendy , Arnold Andreas , Homuth Georg , Demenais Florence , Bouzigon Emmanuelle , Söderhäll Cilla , Pershagen Göran , de Jongste Johan C. , Postma Dirkje S. , Braun-Fahrländer Charlotte , Horak Elisabeth , Ogorodova Ludmila M. , Puzyrev Valery P. , Bragina Elena Yu , Hudson Thomas J. , Morin Charles , Duffy David L. , Marks Guy B. , Robertson Colin F. , Montgomery Grant W. , Musk Bill , Thompson Philip J. , Martin Nicholas G. , James Alan , Sleiman Patrick , Toskala Elina , Rodriguez Elke , Fölster-Holst Regina , Franke Andre , Lieb Wolfgang , Gieger Christian , Heinzmann Andrea , Rietschel Ernst , Keil Thomas , Cichon Sven , Nöthen Markus M. , Pennell Craig E. , Sly Peter D. , Schmidt Carsten O. , Matanovic Anja , Schneider Valentin , Heinig Matthias , Hübner Norbert , Holt Patrick G. , Lau Susanne , Kabesch Michael , Weidinger Stefan , Hakonarson Hakon , Ferreira Manuel A. R. , Laprise Catherine , Freidin Maxim B. , Genuneit Jon , Koppelman Gerard H. , Melén Erik , Dizier Marie- Hélène , Henderson A John , Lee Young Ae 
Published: November 2015

AbstractEczema often precedes the development of asthma in a disease course called the ‘atopic march’. To unravel the genes underlying this characteristic pattern of allergic disease, we conduct a multi-stage genome-wide association study on infantile eczema followed by childhood asthma in 12 populations including 2,428 cases and 17,034 controls. Here we report two novel loci specific for the combined eczema plus asthma phenotype, which are associated with allergic disease for the first time; rs9357733 located in EFHC1 on chromosome 6p12.3 (OR 1.27; P=2.1 × 10−8) and rs993226 between TMTC2 and SLC6A15 on chromosome 12q21.3 (OR 1.58; P=5.3 × 10−9). Additional susceptibility loci identified at genome-wide significance are FLG (1q21.3), IL4/KIF3A (5q31.1), AP5B1/OVOL1 (11q13.1), C11orf30/LRRC32 (11q13.5) and IKZF3 (17q21). We show that predominantly eczema loci increase the risk for the atopic march. Our findings suggest that eczema may play an important role in the development of asthma after eczema.
Chemogenomic profiling of Plasmodium falciparum as a tool to aid antimalarial drug discovery
Authors: Pradhan Anupam , Siwo Geoffrey H. , Singh Naresh , Martens Brian , Balu Bharath , Button-Simons Katrina A. , Tan Asako , Zhang Min , Udenze Kenneth O. , Jiang Rays H.Y. , Ferdig Michael T. , Adams John H. , Kyle Dennis E. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe spread of Plasmodium falciparum multidrug resistance highlights the urgency to discover new targets and chemical scaffolds. Unfortunately, lack of experimentally validated functional information about most P. falciparum genes remains a strategic hurdle. Chemogenomic profiling is an established tool for classification of drugs with similar mechanisms of action by comparing drug fitness profiles in a collection of mutants. Inferences of drug mechanisms of action and targets can be obtained by associations between shifts in drug fitness and specific genetic changes in the mutants. In this screen, P. falciparum, piggyBac single insertion mutants were profiled for altered responses to antimalarial drugs and metabolic inhibitors to create chemogenomic profiles. Drugs targeting the same pathway shared similar response profiles and multiple pairwise correlations of the chemogenomic profiles revealed novel insights into drugs’ mechanisms of action. A mutant of the artemisinin resistance candidate gene - “K13-propeller” gene (PF3D7_1343700) exhibited increased susceptibility to artemisinin drugs and identified a cluster of 7 mutants based on similar enhanced responses to the drugs tested. Our approach of chemogenomic profiling reveals artemisinin functional activity, linked by the unexpected drug-gene relationships of these mutants, to signal transduction and cell cycle regulation pathways.
Targeting extra-oral bitter taste receptors modulates gastrointestinal motility with effects on satiation
Authors: Avau Bert , Rotondo Alessandra , Thijs Theo , Andrews Christopher N. , Janssen Pieter , Tack Jan , Depoortere Inge 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs) are present in extra-oral tissues, including gut endocrine cells. This study explored the presence and mechanism of action of TAS2R agonists on gut smooth muscle in vitro and investigated functional effects of intra-gastric administration of TAS2R agonists on gastric motility and satiation. TAS2Rs and taste signalling elements were expressed in smooth muscle tissue along the mouse gut and in human gastric smooth muscle cells (hGSMC). Bitter tastants induced concentration and region-dependent contractility changes in mouse intestinal muscle strips. Contractions induced by denatonium benzoate (DB) in gastric fundus were mediated via increases in intracellular Ca2+ release and extracellular Ca2+-influx, partially masked by a hyperpolarizing K+-efflux. Intra-gastric administration of DB in mice induced a TAS2R-dependent delay in gastric emptying. In hGSMC, bitter compounds evoked Ca2+-rises and increased ERK-phosphorylation. Healthy volunteers showed an impaired fundic relaxation in response to nutrient infusion and a decreased nutrient volume tolerance and increased satiation during an oral nutrient challenge test after intra-gastric DB administration. These findings suggest a potential role for intestinal TAS2Rs as therapeutic targets to alter gastrointestinal motility and hence to interfere with hunger signalling.