bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A clinical perspective on the analysis and presentation of the number of incontinence episodes following treatment for OAB
Authors: Martina Reynaldo , Kay Richard , Abrams Paul , van Maanen Robert , Ridder Arwin 
Published: May 2015

AimsTo provide a clinical view and interpretation on the methods for analysis of incontinence in patients with overactive bladder.MethodsResults are analyzed using the total number of incontinence episodes in a 3‐day diary period, using fixed and random effect Poisson regression models to calculate ratio of event rates and 95% confidence interval (CI) together with P‐values and are compared with the analysis of the mean number of incontinence episodes/24 hr using analysis of covariance models to calculate P‐values and 95% CI for the difference between treatments.ResultsUsing random effects Poisson regression models demonstrated that the number of incontinence episodes was reduced by 26% more with mirabegron 50 mg than with placebo. For solifenacin 5 and 10 mg, treatment resulted in a 43% (41%) greater decrease in the number of incontinence episodes compared with placebo.ConclusionInstead of providing a fixed number of incontinence episodes/24 hr that reflects the mean effect, the estimate using Poisson methodology provides an efficacy estimate that can be interpreted in the context of, and relative to, the patient's baseline (severity). Using the total number of incontinence episodes in the diary period, and expressing this as percent decrease in the number of episodes, may be easier to interpret; for example, because this results in a relative measure of effect that provides an alternative understanding of a patient's improvement at end of treatment compared with the comparator arm. Also, it is based on statistical methods that are more suitable for the analysis of count data. Neurourol. Urodynam. 35:728–732, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A stabilized finite element formulation for monolithic thermo‐hydro‐mechanical simulations at finite strain
Authors: Sun WaiChing 
Published: May 2015

SummaryAn adaptively stabilized monolithic finite element model is proposed to simulate the fully coupled thermo‐hydro‐mechanical behavior of porous media undergoing large deformation. We first formulate a finite‐deformation thermo‐hydro‐mechanics field theory for non‐isothermal porous media. Projection‐based stabilization procedure is derived to eliminate spurious pore pressure and temperature modes due to the lack of the two‐fold inf‐sup condition of the equal‐order finite element. To avoid volumetric locking due to the incompressibility of solid skeleton, we introduce a modified assumed deformation gradient in the formulation for non‐isothermal porous solids. Finally, numerical examples are given to demonstrate the versatility and efficiency of this thermo‐hydro‐mechanical model. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The timing of final charitable bequest decisions
Authors: James Russell N. , Baker Christopher 
Published: May 2015

Understanding the timing of final charitable bequest decisions permits nonprofits to co‐ordinate their marketing efforts to correspond with donor decision‐making. Using probate data from Australia and longitudinal survey data from the USA, this paper seeks to identify the timing of decisions that resulted in realized charitable bequests. We find evidence that charitable transfers result mostly from decisions that occur during the last 5 years of life and at the oldest ages. Charitable plans made earlier in life are often discarded.Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of system performance for the BMSat
Authors: He Yizhou , Liu Siyang , Gao Zhen , Cui Gaofeng , Wang Weidong 
Published: May 2015

SummaryIn recent years, geostationary Earth orbit mobile satellite communications has seen rapid development. The satellite/terrestrial integrated communication networks with Long‐Term Evolution technology have become a research emphasis. China proposed the Radio Interface Technology of Broadband Multimedia Satellite (BMSat) as a candidate to be considered as the satellite component of International Mobile Telecommunications Advanced. To show the feasibility of the BMSat system before implementation, this paper presents a complete simulation of the system performance in different communication scenarios and terminal types specified by the International Telecommunication Union. We also provide a corresponding theoretical analysis and simulation data for practical applications and the future research. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fusion: coalesced confidential storage and communication framework for the IoT
Authors: Bagci Ibrahim Ethem , Raza Shahid , Roedig Utz , Voigt Thiemo 
Published: May 2015

AbstractComprehensive security mechanisms are required for a successful implementation of the Internet of Things (IoT). Existing solutions focus mainly on securing the communication links between Internet hosts and IoT devices. However, as most IoT devices nowadays provide vast amounts of flash storage space, it is as well required to consider storage security within a comprehensive security framework. Instead of developing independent security solutions for storage and communication, we propose Fusion, a framework that provides coalesced confidential storage and communication. Fusion uses existing secure communication protocols for the IoT such as Internet protocol security (IPsec) and datagram transport layer security (DTLS) and re‐uses the defined communication security mechanisms within the storage component. Thus, trusted mechanisms developed for communication security are extended into the storage space. Notably, this mechanism allows us to transmit requested data directly from the file system without decrypting read data blocks and then re‐encrypting these for transmission. Thus, Fusion provides benefits in terms of processing speed and energy efficiency, which are important aspects for resource‐constrained IoT devices. This paper describes the Fusion architecture and its instantiation for IPsec‐based and DTLS‐based systems. We describe Fusion's implementation and evaluate its storage overheads, communication performance, and energy consumption. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biometric key‐binding using lattice masking†
Authors: Yasuda Masaya , Sugimura Yuka 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn biometrics, template protection technology aims to protect the confidentiality of a biometric template (i.e., enrolled biometric information) by certain conversion. Here, we focus on the key‐binding approach for template protection. This approach generates a secure template from joint data of a user's specific key with a user's template, and the key can be correctly extracted from the secure template only when a queried biometric feature is close to the plain template. While almost all conventional schemes use the error correcting code technique, we present a new technique based on lattices to give a new key‐binding scheme. Our proposed scheme can provide several requirements (e.g., diversity and revocability) for template protection, which cannot be provided by error correcting code based typical schemes such as the fuzzy commitment and the fuzzy vault. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Si‐based Clathrates with Partial Substitution by Zn and Ga: K8Zn3.5Si42.5, Rb7.9Zn3.6Si42.4, and Cs8–xGa8–ySi38+y
Authors: Baran Volodymyr , Fässler Thomas F. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe clathrate Cs8–xGa8–ySi38+y was obtained from a stoichiometric reaction of the elements in an alkali metal halide flux, whereas K8Zn3.5Si42.5 and Rb7.9Zn3.6Si42.4 were synthesized using a combined alkali metal halide/zinc flux. These methods allow to get virtually single‐phase materials with good crystallinity. The compounds were analyzed and characterized by means of powder and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction methods. Rather unexpectedly, the substitution of Si by Zn in K8Zn3.5Si42.5 and Rb7.9Zn3.6Si42.4 also occurs at the atomic site 24k beside the usually observed 6c site, which has not been found before for intermetallic clathrates with alkali metal guest atoms and substitution of the host atom by group 12 elements. The size effect of the guest atoms Rb and Cs on the alkali metal content of Ga‐Si and Zn‐Si clathrates is established. Furthermore, magnetic and transport measurements (electrical resistivity, Seebeck coefficient and thermal conductivity) are reported.
Clinical Issues‐May 2015
Authors: Wood Amber , Van Wicklin Sharon A. , Brubaker Scott A. , Spruce Lisa 
Published: May 2015

This MonthUpdate on perioperative Ebola precautionsKey words: Ebola, PPE, airborne, droplet, respirator.Contaminated rigid sterilization containersKey words: rigid sterilization containers, filters, valves, latches, gaskets.Requirements for storing autologous tissueKey words: tissue bank, autologous tissue, US Food and Drug Administration, human cells, delayed replantation or autotransplantation.Storing autologous human vein autograftsKey words: autografts, storage media, Tiprotec®, X‐Vivo 10®, American Association of Tissue Banks.Dropped autograftsKey words: autograft, pulse lavage, wound classification, dropped grafts, cranial bone graft.Antimicrobial and fluid barrier fabricsKey words: antimicrobial fabrics, fluid barrier fabrics, surgical site infections, scrub attire, surgical attire.
Back to Basics: Specimen Management
Authors: Van Wicklin Sharon A. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractSpecific actions for handling various types of specimens may differ; however, the management process is essentially the same. Accurate specimen management requires effective multidisciplinary communication, minimal distractions, and awareness of the opportunities for error. When advocating for patients and working with members of the health care team to provide a safe perioperative environment, perioperative nurses should adhere to best practices for specimen management and strive to prevent specimen‐related errors that may lead to inaccurate or incomplete diagnoses, the need for additional procedures, and perhaps most importantly, physical and psychological injury to patients.
Abnormal FISH in patients with immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis is a risk factor for cardiac involvement and for death
Authors: Warsame R , Kumar S K , Gertz M A , Lacy M Q , Buadi F K , Hayman S R , Leung N , Dingli D , Lust J A , Ketterling R P , Lin Y , Russell S , Hwa L , Kapoor P , Go R S , Zeldenrust S R , Kyle R A , Rajkumar S V , Dispenzieri A 
Published: May 2015

AbstractImportance of interphase fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with cytoplasmic staining of immunoglobulin FISH (cIg-FISH) on bone marrow is not well understood in light chain amyloidosis (AL). This is in contrast with multiple myeloma where prognostic and treatment related decisions are dependent on cytogenetic testing. This retrospective study reviewed 401 AL patients with cIg-FISH testing performed at our institution between 2004 and 2012. Eighty-one percent of patients had an abnormal cIg-FISH. Common abnormalities involved translocations of chromosome 14q32 (52%), specifically: t(11;14) (43%), t(14;16) (3%) and t(4;14) (2%). Other common abnormalities include monosomy 13/deletion 13q (30%), trisomies 9 (20%), 15 (14%), 11 (10%) and 3 (10%). Median overall survival for this cohort of patients is 3.5 years. When plasma cell burden was greater than 10% trisomies predicted for worse survival (44 vs 19 months), and when it was ⩽10% t(11;14) predicted for worse survival (53 months vs not reached). Abnormal cIg-FISH was significantly associated with advanced cardiac involvement, and remained a prognostic factor on multivariate analysis. This large AL cohort demonstrates that abnormal FISH at diagnosis is prognostic for survival and advanced cardiac disease. Particularly, trisomies and t(11;14) affect survival when degree of plasma cell burden is considered.
Soil-foraging animals alter the composition and co-occurrence of microbial communities in a desert shrubland
Authors: Eldridge David J , Woodhouse Jason N , Curlevski Nathalie J A , Hayward Matthew , Brown Mark V , Neilan Brett A 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAnimals that modify their physical environment by foraging in the soil can have dramatic effects on ecosystem functions and processes. We compared bacterial and fungal communities in the foraging pits created by bilbies and burrowing bettongs with undisturbed surface soils dominated by biocrusts. Bacterial communities were characterized by Actinobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria, and fungal communities by Lecanoromycetes and Archaeosporomycetes. The composition of bacterial or fungal communities was not observed to vary between loamy or sandy soils. There were no differences in richness of either bacterial or fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the soil of young or old foraging pits, or undisturbed soils. Although the bacterial assemblage did not vary among the three microsites, the composition of fungi in undisturbed soils was significantly different from that in old or young foraging pits. Network analysis indicated that a greater number of correlations between bacterial OTUs occurred in undisturbed soils and old pits, whereas a greater number of correlations between fungal OTUs occurred in undisturbed soils. Our study suggests that digging by soil-disturbing animals is likely to create successional shifts in soil microbial and fungal communities, leading to functional shifts associated with the decomposition of organic matter and the fixation of nitrogen. Given the primacy of organic matter decomposition in arid and semi-arid environments, the loss of native soil-foraging animals is likely to impair the ability of these systems to maintain key ecosystem processes such as the mineralization of nitrogen and the breakdown of organic matter, and to recover from disturbance.
Equivalent slant range model for geosynchronous SAR
Authors: Zhang Xin , Huang Puming , Wang Weiwei 
Published: May 2015

Geosynchronous (GEO) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has an orbit height of 36 000 km which results in long round‐trip time. Thus, the ‘Stop–Go’ assumption and the conventional slant range model for low‐Earth‐orbit (LEO) SAR lose effectiveness in GEO SAR. A concise signal propagation delay equation of GEO SAR is presented and furthermore an equivalent slant range model is proposed. To verify the accuracy of the proposed model, the dichotomy method is applied to obtain the real slant range. In addition, the effects of the ‘Stop–Go’ assumption on GEO SAR are analysed by theoretical analysis. Promising results were obtained by several experiments.
Reflective displacement sensors with monolithically integrated VCSELs and RCEPDs
Authors: Song Y.M. , Ju G.W. , Choi H.J. , Lee Y.W. , Na B.H. , Lee Y.T. 
Published: May 2015

Micro‐scale, reflective‐type optical displacement sensors have been developed by monolithic integration of vertical cavity surface‐emitting lasers (VCSELs) and resonant cavity‐enhanced photodetectors (RCEPDs). This compact sensor (700 × 700 μm) consists of an oxide‐confined VCSEL that is surrounded by an RCEPD and can measure the linear distance with a measurement range of ∼10 mm, which is comparable to that of conventional displacement sensors. Fabrication details and sensor performances are discussed.
Wideband phase inverter integrated in Doherty power amplifier for linearity improvement
Authors: Mung S.W.Y. , Chan W.S. 
Published: May 2015

A wideband phase inverter (WPI) integerated in a Doherty power amplifier (DPA) is proposed for linearity improvement. This WPI is integrated at the output of the carrier amplifier in the DPA while keeping the same size as the conventional DPA. The input signal is excited at both the carrier and the peaking amplifiers and then the amplified signals are combined by the push–pull toplogy. This results in the cancellation of the even‐order harmonic terms as well as the cancellation of IMD3 by proper bias selection. An experiment shows the peak power‐added efficiency (PAE) is around 50% at 21 dBm output power with linearity improvement as the adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) under a wideband code division multiple access signal is around −40 dBc. This improves around 7 dB in ACLR under the same output power and PAE and better error vector magnitude (EVM) compared with the single‐stage class AB amplifier.
Digitally tuned degeneration resistance to improve linearity of boost factors for analogue equalisers
Authors: Wang Zinan , Gai Weixin 
Published: May 2015

An analogue equaliser with a novel digitally tuned variable degeneration resistance is realised in a 65 nm CMOS technology. Implemented with three parallel resistance branches and one serial resistance branch to well fit the optimal conductance curve, the proposed variable degeneration resistance is exploited to achieve a wide boost range while significantly improving the linearity of the tuned boost factors compared with the equaliser with a traditional degeneration resistance structure.
Medicinal plant extracts and nematode control.
Authors: Chagas A. C. S. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract

Several aspects should be taken into consideration in relation to the use of active botanical extracts or compounds in parasite control: extraction, conservation, phytochemical study, determination of lethal concentration
in vitro
, toxicity to the host, effective dose
in vivo
, residual period, stability, residues/metabolites generated and costs. The
in vitro
tests that have been used to screen biological activity were developed to detect parasite resistance to anthelmintics. In this way, the effects of a potent plant extract can be underestimated or dismissed if the selected methods disregard some factors that can influence the results, such as solubility or an indirect effect on the nematode. Despite this, the development of strategies that are less dependent on
in vivo
testing is important. There is a need for fuller investigations not restricted only to indicating whether or not a phytotherapy was effective against parasites. The divergence between efficacy
in vitro
and inefficacy
in vivo
can be attributed to key factors related to bioavailability as well as pharmacology of the botanical substances in the host organism. It is important to focus studies to determinate the most appropriate adjuvants and to develop formulation models that can be adapted according to the nature of the plant extract or bioactive compound isolated, to serve as starting points for the development of semi-synthetic and synthetic substances.
Toward high-throughput phenotyping: unbiased automated feature extraction and selection from knowledge sources
Authors: Yu Sheng , Liao Katherine P , Shaw Stanley Y , Gainer Vivian S , Churchill Susanne E , Szolovits Peter , Murphy Shawn N , Kohane Isaac S. , Cai Tianxi 
Published: May 2015

AbstractObjective Analysis of narrative (text) data from electronic health records (EHRs) can improve population-scale phenotyping for clinical and genetic research. Currently, selection of text features for phenotyping algorithms is slow and laborious, requiring extensive and iterative involvement by domain experts. This paper introduces a method to develop phenotyping algorithms in an unbiased manner by automatically extracting and selecting informative features, which can be comparable to expert-curated ones in classification accuracy.Materials and methods Comprehensive medical concepts were collected from publicly available knowledge sources in an automated, unbiased fashion. Natural language processing (NLP) revealed the occurrence patterns of these concepts in EHR narrative notes, which enabled selection of informative features for phenotype classification. When combined with additional codified features, a penalized logistic regression model was trained to classify the target phenotype.Results The authors applied our method to develop algorithms to identify patients with rheumatoid arthritis and coronary artery disease cases among those with rheumatoid arthritis from a large multi-institutional EHR. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) for classifying RA and CAD using models trained with automated features were 0.951 and 0.929, respectively, compared to the AUCs of 0.938 and 0.929 by models trained with expert-curated features.Discussion Models trained with NLP text features selected through an unbiased, automated procedure achieved comparable or slightly higher accuracy than those trained with expert-curated features. The majority of the selected model features were interpretable.Conclusion The proposed automated feature extraction method, generating highly accurate phenotyping algorithms with improved efficiency, is a significant step toward high-throughput phenotyping.
The Effect of Body Mass Index on Postoperative Morbidity After Orthopaedic Surgery in Children With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Minhas Shobhit V. , Chow Ian , Otsuka Norman Y. 
Published: May 2015

Background:
Although a plethora of literature exists on the impact of body mass index (BMI) in orthopaedic surgery, few have examined its implications in the pediatric cerebral palsy (CP) population. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of BMI class on 30-day complications after orthopaedic surgery on children with CP.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) Pediatric participant use files from 2012 to 2013 was conducted. Patients with a diagnosis of CP undergoing any orthopaedic procedure were included and subclassified according to BMI classes: underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese. Multivariate logistic regressions were performed to evaluate the independent effect of BMI class on total, surgical site, and medical complications as well as unplanned reoperations.

Results:
A total of 1746 patients were included in our study. These included 345 (19.8%) underweight, 952 (54.5%) normal weight, 209 (12.8%) overweight, and 240 (13.7%) obese children and adolescents. In hip and lower extremity osteotomies, underweight class was an independent risk factor for total complications (P=0.037) and medical complications (P=0.031). Similarly, underweight class was a risk factor for total complications (P=0.022) and medical complications (P=0.019) in spine procedures. Weight class was not independently associated with complications in tendon procedures. Overweight and obesity classes were not associated with any independent increased risk for complications.

Conclusions:
With respect to the pediatric CP population, underweight status was deemed an independent predictor of increased complications in osteotomies and spine surgery with no independent increased risk in the overweight or obese cohorts. This information can greatly aid providers with risk stratification, preoperative counseling, and postoperative monitoring as it relates to orthopaedic surgery.

Level of Evidence:
Level III—Prognostic.