bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Sucrose Intake Ameliorates the Accumulation of Hepatic Triacylglycerol Promoted by Restraint Stress in Young Rats
Authors: Corona‐Pérez Adriana , Díaz‐Muñoz Mauricio , Rodríguez Ida Soto , Cuevas Estela , Martínez‐Gómez Margarita , Castelán Francisco , Rodríguez‐Antolín Jorge , Nicolás‐Toledo Leticia 
Published: September 2015

AbstractNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disorder. Stress promotes the onset of the NAFLD with a concomitant increment in the activity of the hepatic 11β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β‐HSD‐1). However, the interaction between the stress and a carbohydrate‐enriched diet for the development of NAFLD in young animals is unknown. In the present study, we evaluated the impact of chronic stress on the hepatic triacylglycerol level of young rats fed or not with a high sucrose‐diet. For doing this, 21‐day old male Wistar rats were allocated into 4 groups: control (C), chronic restraint stress (St), high‐sucrose diet (S30), and chronic restraint stress plus a 30 % sucrose diet (St + S30). Chronic restraint stress consisted of 1‐hour daily session, 5 days per week and for 4 weeks. Rats were fed with a standard chow and tap water (C group) or 30 % sucrose diluted in water (S30 group). The St + S30 groups consumed less solid food but had an elevated visceral fat accumulation in comparison with the St group. The St group showed a high level of serum corticosterone and a high activity of the hepatic 11β‐HSD‐1 concomitantly to the augmentation of hepatic steatosis signs, a high hepatic triacylglycerol content, and hepatic oxidative stress. Conversely, the high‐sucrose intake in stressed rats (St + S30 group) reduced the hepatic 11β‐HSD‐1 activity, the level of serum corticosterone, and the hepatic triacylglycerol content. Present findings show that a high‐sucrose diet ameliorates the triacylglycerol accumulation in liver promoted by the restraint stress in young male rats.
Interpretation of Gravity Anomaly and Crustal Thickness Mapping of Narmada-Son Lineament in Central India
Authors: Ghosh G. K. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The Narmada–Son Lineament (NSL) is one of the major lineaments in central India which splits the Indian Peninsula into two parts. The area of study is seismically active and positioned in a multifaceted transition zone with complex geological setting. The gravity anomaly varies from ENE–WSW to NW-SE direction due to the upliftment of Mahakoshal rocks. This includes the presence of meta-volcanic and meta-sedimentary rocks existing along the upper part of the Narmada river as well as western part of the Son valley. This tectonic resettlement process causes changes in the Narmada and Son river courses.
In this study, an attempt has been made to estimate the source depth locations and delineation of fault boundaries in parts of the Shahdol - Katni area of the Narmada-Son Lineament (NSL) using 3D Euler deconvolution and horizontal gradient analysis of gravity data. The estimated source depth solutions are projected in between 1 km to 5 km, however, in average, the depths are varying between 2 km to 3 km. The derived result may be useful for further detailed integrated geo-scientific study.
Study on Physico-chemical Properties, Mineral Matters and Leaching Characteristics of Some Indian Coals and Fly Ash
Authors: Saikia Binoy K. , Sharma Arpita , Sahu Om P. , Baruah Bimala P. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Six high sulphur coal samples along with two fly ash samples were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive x-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF), Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Spectroscopy (SEM) techniques to interpret their mineral matters and inorganic constituents. The proximate, ultimate and sulfur analyses of the coal and fly ash samples were also performed to know their possible aspects of utilization. Significant amount of silicate/clay minerals along with other elements are found to be present in these coals and fly ash samples. The SEM micrographs showed the presence of pyrite and marcasite in different forms including clusters of pyrites in the coals. The leaching characteristics of the coal and fly ash samples showed the mobilization of some potentially hazardous elements (PHEs) from them. Mercury was found to be leached out with ~0.50 ppm from fly ash samples in water.
Report of Ba-Fe-Titanate in Lamproite Dyke of Nonia Nala, Barakar Formation, Gondwana Coalfield, Eastern India and its Significance
Authors: Maitra Monoj , Bhattacharyya Ashok 
Published: September 2015

Abstract:
Widely variable modal mineralogy and reconstituted or hybridised character of peralkaline lamproites of Gondwana Coalfield in Eastern India demands mineralogical studies for magma genesis in petrogenetic point of view. This work reports a Ba-Fe titanate and the unnamed titanosilicate minerals that developed at the last-stage of crystallisation which characterised Ba enriched source for primary magma.
Revisit of Shivalik Region in Different States of Northwestern India
Authors: Yadav R. P. , Panwar Pankaj , Arya Swarn Lata , Mishra P. K. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Shivalik region is sandwiched between Himalayan ecosystem and Indo-Gangetic plains in northwestern India. However, its area is reported to range from 2.14 to 8.00 m ha in northwestern India by different workers. Based on geology and physiography, we demarcated the Shivalik region (3.33 mha), covering hills (1.79 mha) and its piedmont plains or foot hills (1.54 m ha) in the states of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and union territory of Chandigarh at an elevation ranging from 217 to 2332 m above MSL. The delineated map showing Shivalik region will be useful in conserving the natural resources of the region without any dispute over its location and area.
Absent/Hypoplastic Fetal Nasal Bone and Its Association with Aneuploidies
Authors: Dash Pratima , Puri Ratna Dua , Goyal Manisha , Bijarnia Sunita , Lall Meena , Kotecha Udhaya , Verma Ishwar Chander 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAbsence or hypoplasia of fetal nasal bone (AHNB) in the first or second trimester scans, with increased risk for trisomy 21 has been shown in many studies. In view of reports of ethnic difference in the size of the nasal bone the usefulness of its evaluation in Indian women is desirable. All pregnant women presenting to the Genetic Clinic from Jan 2012 through April 2014 with ultrasound finding of absent or hypoplastic nasal bone, in either first or second trimester of pregnancy were prospectively enrolled in the study, after obtaining informed consent. Nasal bone hypoplasia was defined as nasal bone length less than 2.5th percentile for the period of gestation. The presence of other associated soft markers for aneuploidies along with result of biochemical screening was also recorded. All the patients were counseled for the appropriate invasive testing. Chorionic villi or amniotic fluid cells were analyzed using FISH studies for chromosome no. 13, 18, 21 and sex chromosomes and also cultured for the complete karyotype. The gestational age varied from 11 to 22 weeks, with the majority being between 17 and 20 weeks. The cohort of 92 patients was divided into five groups: Group 1: Isolated hypoplastic nasal bone with low risk in biochemical screening and no additional soft marker—30 cases (32. 6 %); Group 2: Isolated absent nasal bone—25 cases (27.1 %); Group 3: AHNB with additional ultrasound markers—29 cases (31.5 %); Group 4: Absent nasal bone (ANB) with high risk in biochemical screening with no other ultrasound abnormality—7 cases (7.6 %); and Group 5: ANB with additional ultrasound findings and abnormal biochemical screen (1 case). The karyotype in 20 (21.7 %) of 92 cases was abnormal. In group 1 three cases (10 %) had chromosomal abnormalities—47, XXX; mosaic 45, X; 47, XXY. In group 2, three (12 %) cases had trisomy 21. In group 3, 12 (41.3 %) cases had chromosomal abnormality—trisomy 21 (10), derivative 22 (1), triploidy (1). In group 4 trisomy 21was present in two (28.5 %) cases. The one patient in group 5 had a normal fetal karyotype. The present study shows that isolated absent/hypoplastic nasal bone was associated with chromosomal disease in 10–12 % of cases. However, cases where AHNB was associated with ultrasound anomalies, or with high risk biochemical studies yielded abnormal chromosomes in a significantly larger number of patients (41.4 and 28.5 % respectively). It is, therefore, recommended that this group should always be analyzed for chromosomal abnormalities. Recent studies suggest that nasal bone length may be smaller in fetuses in Indian women. If standards derived in Indian women are used, the yield of chromosomal abnormalities may be greater.
Use of Disinfection Cap to Reduce Central-Line–Associated Bloodstream Infection and Blood Culture Contamination Among Hematology–Oncology Patients
Authors: Kamboj Mini , Blair Rachel , Bell Natalie , Son Crystal , Huang Yao-Ting , Dowling Mary , Lipitz-Snyderman Allison , Eagan Janet , Sepkowitz Kent 
Published: September 2015

OBJECTIVEIn this study, we examined the impact of routine use of a passive disinfection cap for catheter hub decontamination in hematology–oncology patients.SETTINGA tertiary care cancer center in New York CityMETHODSIn this multiphase prospective study, we used 2 preintervention phases (P1 and P2) to establish surveillance and baseline rates followed by sequential introduction of disinfection caps on high-risk units (HRUs: hematologic malignancy wards, hematopoietic stem cell transplant units and intensive care units) (P3) and general oncology units (P4). Unit-specific and hospital-wide hospital-acquired central-line–associated bloodstream infection (HA-CLABSI) rates and blood culture contamination (BCC) with coagulase negative staphylococci (CONS) were measured.RESULTSImplementation of a passive disinfection cap resulted in a 34% decrease in hospital-wide HA-CLABSI rates (combined P1 and P2 baseline rate of 2.66–1.75 per 1,000 catheter days at the end of the study period). This reduction occurred only among high-risk patients and not among general oncology patients. In addition, the use of the passive disinfection cap resulted in decreases of 63% (HRUs) and 51% (general oncology units) in blood culture contamination, with an estimated reduction of 242 BCCs with CONS. The reductions in HA-CLABSI and BCC correspond to an estimated annual savings of $3.2 million in direct medical costs.CONCLUSIONRoutine use of disinfection caps is associated with decreased HA-CLABSI rates among high-risk hematology oncology patients and a reduction in blood culture contamination among all oncology patients.Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 2015;36(12):1401–1408
Supplemental epilactose prevents metabolic disorders through uncoupling protein-1 induction in the skeletal muscle of mice fed high-fat diets
Authors: Murakami Yuki , Ojima-Kato Teruyo , Saburi Wataru , Mori Haruhide , Matsui Hirokazu , Tanabe Soichi , Suzuki Takuya 
Published: September 2015

AbstractObesity is one of the major health problems throughout the world. The present study investigated the preventive effect of epilactose – a rare non-digestible disaccharide – on obesity and metabolic disorders in mice fed high-fat (HF) diets. Feeding with HF diets increased body weight gain, fat pad weight and adipocyte size in mice (P<0·01), and these increases were effectively prevented by the use of supplemental epilactose without influencing food intake (P<0·01). Caecal pools of SCFA such as acetic and propionic acids in mice fed epilactose were higher compared with mice not receiving epilactose. Supplemental epilactose increased the expression of uncoupling protein (UCP)-1, which enhances energy expenditure, to 2-fold in the gastrocnemius muscle (P=0·04) and to 1·3-fold in the brown adipose tissue (P=0·02) in mice fed HF diets. Feeding HF diets induced pro-inflammatory macrophage infiltration into white adipose tissue, as indicated by the increased expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1, TNF-α and F4/80, and these increases were attenuated by supplemental epilactose. In differentiated myogenic-like C2C12 cells, propionic acid, but not acetic or n-butyric acids, directly enhanced UCP-1 expression by approximately 2-fold (P<0·01). Taken together, these findings indicate that the epilactose-mediated increase in UCP-1 in the skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue can enhance whole-body energy expenditure, leading to effective prevention of obesity and metabolic disorders in mice fed HF diets. It is suggested that propionic acid – a bacterial metabolite – acts as a mediator to induce UCP-1 expression in skeletal muscles.
Longitudinal association of dairy consumption with the changes in blood pressure and the risk of incident hypertension: the Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Wang Huifen , Fox Caroline S. , Troy Lisa M. , Mckeown Nicola M. , Jacques Paul F. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe aimed to examine the longitudinal association of dairy consumption with the changes in blood pressure (BP) and the risk of incident hypertension (HTN) among adults. This study included 2636 Framingham Heart Study Offspring Cohort members who participated in the 5th through 8th examinations (1991–2008) and were free of HTN at their first examination during the follow-up. Data collected at each examination included dietary intake (by a validated FFQ), BP (following standardised procedures) and anti-hypertensive medication use (by physician-elicited self-report). HTN was defined as systolic BP (SBP)≥140 mmHg, or diastolic BP (DBP)≥90 mmHg or anti-hypertensive medication use. We used repeated-measure and discrete-time hazard regressions to examine the associations of dairy consumption with the annualised BP change (n2075) and incident HTN (n2340; cases=1026), respectively. Covariates included demographic, lifestyle, overall diet quality, metabolic factors and medication use. Greater intakes of total dairy foods, total low-fat/fat-free dairy foods, low-fat/skimmed milk and yoghurt were associated with smaller annualised increments in SBP and a lower risk of projected HTN incidence. However, with the exception of total dairy foods and yoghurt, these inverse associations with HTN risk were attenuated as the follow-up time increased. For yoghurt, each additional serving was associated with 6 (95 % CI 1, 10) % reduced risk of incident HTN. Total dairy and total low-fat/fat-free dairy intakes were found to be inversely related to changes in DBP. Dairy consumption, as part of a nutritious and energy-balanced diet pattern, may benefit BP control and prevent or delay the onset of HTN.
Macrocytosis and sudden sensorineural hearing loss: a case report
Authors: McMurran A E L , Adair R A 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackground:Although other blood dyscrasias are known to cause sudden sensorineural hearing loss, macrocytosis has not previously been implicated in the absence of another causative agent.Case report:We present a case of bilateral sequential sudden sensorineural hearing loss in a patient with significant macrocytosis (mean corpuscular volume at presentation 124 fl) secondary to alcohol-induced liver dysfunction.Conclusion:A possible pathophysiological mechanism linking macrocytosis and sudden sensorineural hearing loss was identified, suggesting areas for further investigation.
Plasmodium prevalence across avian host species is positively associated with exposure to mosquito vectors
Authors: MEDEIROS MATTHEW C. I. , RICKLEFS ROBERT E. , BRAWN JEFFREY D. , HAMER GABRIEL L. 
Published: September 2015

SUMMARYThe prevalence of vector-borne parasites varies greatly across host species, and this heterogeneity has been used to relate infectious disease susceptibility to host species traits. However, a few empirical studies have directly associated vector-borne parasite prevalence with exposure to vectors across hosts. Here, we use DNA sequencing of blood meals to estimate utilization of different avian host species by Culex mosquitoes, and relate utilization by these malaria vectors to avian Plasmodium prevalence. We found that avian host species that are highly utilized as hosts by avian malaria vectors are significantly more likely to have Plasmodium infections. However, the effect was not consistent among individual Plasmodium taxa. Exposure to vector bites may therefore influence the relative number of all avian Plasmodium infections among host species, while other processes, such as parasite competition and host-parasite coevolution, delimit the host distributions of individual Plasmodium species. We demonstrate that links between avian malaria susceptibility and host traits can be conditioned by patterns of exposure to vectors. Linking vector utilization rates to host traits may be a key area of future research to understand mechanisms that produce variation in the prevalence of vector-borne pathogens among host species.
CHARTING BOETHIUS: MUSIC AND THE DIAGRAMMATIC TREE IN THE CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY’SDE INSTITUTIONE ARITHMETICA, MS II.3.12
Authors: Walden Daniel K. S. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis article discusses a full-page schematic diagram contained in a twelfth-century manuscript of Boethius’ De institutione arithmetica and De institutione musica from Christ Church Cathedral, Canterbury (Cambridge University Library MS Ii.3.12), which has not yet been the subject of any significant musicological study despite its remarkable scope and comprehensiveness. This diagrammatic tree, or arbor, maps the precepts of the first book of De institutione arithmetica into a unified whole, depicting the ways music and arithmetic are interrelated as sub-branches of the quadrivium. I suggest that this schematic diagram served not only as a conceptual and interpretative device for the scribe working through Boethius’ complex theoretical material, but also as a mnemonic guide to assist the medieval pedagogue wishing to instruct students in the mathematics of musica speculativa. The diagram constitutes a fully developed theoretical exercise in its own right, while also demonstrating the roles Boethian philosophy and mathematics played in twelfth-century musical scholarship.
A SOUND DOCTRINE: EARLY MODERN JESUITS AND THE SINGING OF THE CATECHISM
Authors: Filippi Daniele V. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe musical activities connected with the teaching of Christian doctrine in the early modern era have failed to attract substantial scholarly attention. In fact, the noteworthy and by no means obvious association between singing and catechism is a longue durée phenomenon, and one of the most ubiquitous and characteristic elements of Catholic sonic cultures in the period 1550–1800. Interconnected as these practices are with many different aspects of early modern culture, their study raises questions and offers insights not only on musical issues, but on problems of interdisciplinary relevance. The present essay discusses their role in the pastoral work of early modern Jesuits and, conversely, the role of the Society of Jesus in the development of this tradition. Three different phases are examined: the export of the method from Spain to Italy in the sixteenth century; its adaptation to the French environment in the early seventeenth century; its further development in the golden age of popular missions.
MARGUERITE DE VALOIS, REINE DE NAVARRE (1553–1615): PATRONESS AND PERFORMER
Authors: McGowan Margaret M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis essay studies the role played by Marguerite de Valois in the cultural life of the French court from early childhood until her death in 1615. Trained to perform in public, Marguerite acquired languages and diplomatic skills, and cultivated music and dancing in particular. Her passion for dancing and the energy and mastery she displayed in performance is traced through the testimony of contemporary records (French, Italian and English), through her own recollections, and through a discussion of her patronage of musicians, poets and dancers.
The Random Graph Intuition for the Tournament Game
Authors: CLEMENS DENNIS , GEBAUER HEIDI , LIEBENAU ANITA 
Published: September 2015

In the tournament game two players, called Maker and Breaker, alternately take turns in claiming an unclaimed edge of the complete graph Kn and selecting one of the two possible orientations. Before the game starts, Breaker fixes an arbitrary tournament Tk on k vertices. Maker wins if, at the end of the game, her digraph contains a copy of Tk; otherwise Breaker wins. In our main result, we show that Maker has a winning strategy for k = (2 − o(1))log2n, improving the constant factor in previous results of Beck and the second author. This is asymptotically tight since it is known that for k = (2 − o(1))log2n Breaker can prevent the underlying graph of Maker's digraph from containing a k-clique. Moreover, the precise value of our lower bound differs from the upper bound only by an additive constant of 12.We also discuss the question of whether the random graph intuition, which suggests that the threshold for k is asymptotically the same for the game played by two ‘clever’ players and the game played by two ‘random’ players, is supported by the tournament game. It will turn out that, while a straightforward application of this intuition fails, a more subtle version of it is still valid.Finally, we consider the orientation game version of the tournament game, where Maker wins the game if the final digraph – also containing the edges directed by Breaker – possesses a copy of Tk. We prove that in that game Breaker has a winning strategy for k = (4 + o(1))log2n.
Highly Efficient and Stable Solar Cells Based on Thiazolothiazole and Naphthobisthiadiazole Copolymers
Authors: Saito Masahiko , Osaka Itaru , Suzuki Yasuhito , Takimiya Kazuo , Okabe Takashi , Ikeda Satoru , Asano Tsuyoshi 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA critical issue in polymer-based solar cells (PSCs) is to improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE) as well as the stability. Here, we describe the development of new semiconducting polymers consisting of thiophene, thiazolothiazole and naphthobisthiadiazole in the polymer backbone. The polymers had good solubility and thus solution-processability, appropriate electronic structure with narrow band gaps of ~1.57 eV and low-lying HOMO energy levels of ~−5.40 eV and highly ordered structure with the favorable face-on backbone orientation. Solar cells based on the polymers and PC71BM exhibited quite high PCEs of up to 9%. More interestingly, the cells also demonstrated excellent stability as they showed negligible degradation of PCE when stored at 85˚C for 500 hours in the dark under nitrogen atmosphere. These results indicate that the newly developed polymers are promising materials for PSCs in the practical use.