bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Project-Based Learning Oriented Student Worksheets to Improve Students' Creative Thinking Skills on Class X High School Nanotechnology Material
Authors: Dwiningsih Kusumawati , Aisy Nabiilah 
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this study is to determine: the feasibility of project-based learning-oriented student worksheets in terms of content validity and construct validity, and the effectiveness of project-based learning-oriented student worksheets in terms of increasing students' creative thinking skills. Development of Project-Based Learning oriented student worksheets to improve students' creative thinking skills on class X high school nanotechnology material using the Research and Development (R&D) method with a 4D development model (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate). However, this research was carried out only until the third stage, namely Develop. The results of data analysis and discussion are as follows: the worksheets of project-based learning-oriented students developed are declared to have met the eligibility requirements in terms of content validity and construct validity with mode (Mo) values ≥ 4 and R ≥ 75%, and student worksheets project-oriented based learning developed was declared effective in terms of increasing students' creative thinking ability with a percentage of N-Gain of 79% moderate category (0.30-0.70) and 21% high category (0.7-1). Thus, Project Based Learning Oriented Student Worksheets can be used to improve students' creative thinking skills on Nanotechnology material.
Molecular Docking of Gamma Amino Butyric Acid GABA on Rattus Norvegicus B-receptor as Antidiabetic
Authors: Indrowati Meti , Harlita  , Fatmawati Umi , Ariyanto Joko , Retnaningtyas Estu 
Published: July 2024

Earlier research reported that GABA had a correlation with diabetes in processes of glucose homeostasis. This study aims to identify the validity of B-receptor Rattus norvegicus as GABA protein target, modeling the structure and knowing the binding affinity between GABA and B-receptor Rattus norvegicus through molecular docking. The research was carried out using in-silico method. The interaction of GABA with the target protein was determined using SuperPred, followed by modeling the protein target using SwissadMe. Ramachandran Plot and Errat Procheck are used to determine the validity of the protein target. Molecular docking was determined using Pyrx and PyMol. The results showed that GABA binding to the B- receptor Rattus norvegicus has biological activity as glucose oxidase inhibitor and antidiabetic. The conclusion are: B-receptor Rattus norvegicus is a valid protein target for binding to GABA; there are four 3-dimensional models of B-receptor Rattus norvegicus and the best model has 98.43% sequence identity; the binding affinity of GABA (ligand) on B-receptor Rattus norvegicus from the best model is -3.4 kcal/mol energy, 1.773 RMSD lower bound, and 1.81 RMSD upper bound. It is suggested that this research might be used as an empirical basis to further investigate GABA as antidiabetic.
Improving Students’ Science Process Skills through Level of Inquiry Learning Assisted by Liveworksheet on The Concept of Environment Change
Authors: Sa'adah Sumiyati , Andini Fadella Syifa , Yusup Iwan Ridwan 
Published: July 2024

In the 21st century, scientific process skills are highly sought after. Interactive learning models and media can effectively train students in these skills. This research investigates the use of the Levels of Inquiry learning model assisted by Liveworksheet to improve students' science process skills in the context of environmental change. The study employs a quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent pretest-posttest control group. Purposive sampling was used to select the participants. Data collection relied on a test sheet containing descriptive questions aligned with ten science process skill indicators. The t-test analysis (p < 0.05) revealed a significant difference in the improvement of science process skills. Notably, the increase was higher in classes utilizing the Levels of Inquiry Model with Liveworksheet compared to those without. The findings demonstrate that the Levels of Inquiry Model assisted by Liveworksheet has a significant positive impact (large effect size, d = 0.84) on developing students' science process skills when studying environmental change.
Sedation Efficacy of Midazolam in Conjunction with Ketamine and Alfaxalone in Female Laboratory Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus)
Authors: Wharton Keely Nicole , Walsh Courtney A , Haulter Marlena , Ekanayake Dinesh , Ekanayake-Alper Dil 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGuinea pigs have been integral as models used in biomedical research, making significant contributions to nutritional, auditory, immunologic, and hypersensitivity studies, and necessitating the routine need for sedation in laboratory settings. The ketamine-xylazine (KX) combination has been the standard sedation protocol for decades. However, due to the adverse effects and abuse potential of xylazine, this study explores the possibility of substituting xylazine with midazolam and examines the combined use of midazolam with ketamine and alfaxalone in female laboratory guinea pigs. Our findings indicate that KX facilitates the fastest induction and longest duration of sedation compared with other sedatives, including ketamine-midazolam (KM), which, despite its rapid induction, results in significantly shorter sedation durations. KX also ensures a deeper anesthetic depth and greater odds of loss of withdrawal and inguinal reflexes, in contrast to KM and alfaxalone-midazolam (AM), under which only 15% of the animals lost these reflexes. In terms of cardiopulmonary function, KM led to an increased heart rate attributed to elevated sympathetic activity. All 4 sedative protocols lead to respiratory depression, except KM, which causes minimal reduction. Adverse events varied, with 75% of animals experiencing injection site reactions after KX administration and 67% exhibiting regurgitation post-KM administration. No adverse events were reported for the AM combination, suggesting its safer profile. In conclusion, while KX remains the superior protocol for sedation due to its efficiency, reliability, and minimal impact on physiologic parameters, midazolam is not a preferable alternative to replace xylazine. Its increased sympathetic tone, hyperesthesia, and shorter action duration, coupled with a higher potential for adverse events, limit its suitability to combine with ketamine in guinea pig sedation. However, when midazolam is used in conjunction with safer alternatives like alfaxalone, it presents a viable sedation strategy, emphasizing the need for further research into optimizing sedative combinations for laboratory guinea pigs.
Comparative analysis of Apgar scores in newborns: the impact of anesthesia methods during cesarean delivery
Authors: Abbood E.Sh. , Abed D.N. , AL-Hiali S.J. 
Published: July 2024

Analgesia during caesarean section has a protective property regarding the condition of mother and child. Anesthesia methods should minimize harm to the newborn. The main problem after general anesthesia is respiratory distress syndrome.The objective: to evaluate the impact of the use of different types of anesthesia (general anesthesia or spinal anesthesia) during cesarean section on the health of newborns.Materials and methods. 120 full-term pregnant women who underwent planned cesarean section were included in the study. The study participants are divided into groups: I group – 70 pregnant women who underwent a cesarean section under general anesthesia; Group II – 50 patients with spinal anesthesia during cesarean section.The duration of labor and the time of induction of anesthesia were carefully recorded. To assess the health of the newborn the Apgar score was used 1, 5 and 10 minutes after delivery.Results. The study found that the method of delivery affects the neonatal Apgar score. Shorter time from anesthesia to birth (within 5 min) and delivery through the uterus (more than 120 s) led to a decrease in Apgar scores by 1 min.At the same time, it was established that the assessment of newborns at birth according to the Apgar scale at the level of 4–6 points after 5 and 10 minutes was lower during childbirth with general anesthesia compared to the assessment of newborns who were born with the use of spinal anesthesia, and at the assessment of 7–10 points – greater after 5 min and 10 min in newborns who were born in childbirth with spinal anesthesia than in babies who were born in childbirth under usual general anesthesia.Conclusions. The results of the study demonstrate that the methods of anesthesia during cesarean section improve the health of the mother and the child. Health care providers can improve prenatal care and outcomes with this knowledge. Spinal anesthesia improves the condition of the newborn, as determined by the Apgar score at three intervals.
Tumor-promoting roles of IL-4 and TGF-β3, their implications in the progression of breast tumors
Authors: Sahar B.R. , Al-Jumaily R.M.Kh. 
Published: July 2024

Immunosuppressive cytokines are the main components of the tumor microenvironment and perform a vital function in controlling the immune response to malignant neoplasms.The objective: to study the influence of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and transforming growth factor-β3 (TGF-β3) on the development of breast tumors in women.Materials and methods. The concentration of cytokines IL-4 and TGF-β3 in blood serum was determined in 40 women with benign breast tumors, 40 women with malignant breast tumors, and 40 healthy patients without breast pathology, who were included in the control group.Breast cancer (BC) patients were divided into two groups; the first group included patients with the II stage of BC, who were considered to have a low level of BC, and the second group included patients with III and IV stages of BC, who were considered to have a high level. The method of solid phase immunoenzymatic analysis was used to determine the level of cytokines.Results. The results showed that women with benign breast tumors (86.82±1.67 pg/ml) had no statistically significant difference in IL-4 levels compared to the control group (88.25±1.56 pg/ml). However, a significantly higher level of IL-4 (P=0.0001) was found in women with BC (97.12±1.84 pg/ml) compared to the control group.In addition, the results showed that the concentration of TGF-β3 did not increase significantly in women with benign breast tumors (80.84±2.88 pg/ml) compared with patients with BC and controls (80.84±2.88 and 87.89±2.41 pg/ml, respectively). However, the level of TGF-β3 was significantly higher (P=0.01) in women with BC compared to the control group.Conclusions. The results of the current study indicate that the concentrations of TGF-β3 and IL-4 in the blood serum of women may be useful predictors for the early detection of breast cancer, as well as serve as a prognostic indicator of its development.
تحسين البرمجة الخطية باستخدام تقنيات الذكاء الاصطناعي : دراسة تجريبية
Authors: Muna Shaker Salman  
Published: July 2024

يعد مجال بحوث العمليات احد المجالات الرئيسة في علوم الادارة والهندسة الصناعية، ومن اهم تلك المجالات هي البرمجة الخطية (Linear Programming) والتي تضمنت تقنيات مهمة منها : (تحسين العمليات الانتاجية من خلال تطبيق تقنيات وادوات مثل تحليل الشبكات وتحليل العوامل الرئيسية وتحليل الانحدار اضافة الى تصميم نماذج لتحسين الامداد بالموارد الاولية والتخطيط والتحكم بسلاسل الامداد كذلك تحسين تقنيات تحليل البيانات والذكاء الاصطناعي في اتخاذ القرارات الاستراتيجية مثل البيانات الكبيرة Big Data، Machin Learning، التعليم العميق Deep learning ). كما ساهمت تقنيات البرمجة الخطية في تحسين الجودة وادارة المخاطر من خلال تقليل المخاطر المرتبطة بالعمليات مثل ادارة الجودة الشاملة، تصميم التجارب، تحليل المخاطر وتصميم النظم المرنة لتساعد على الابتكار وتطوير المنتجات. وتعد تقنيات ربط البرمجة الخطية بالذكاء الاصطناعي ذات اهمية كبيرة اذ ساعدت على تطوير الانظمة والتقنيات التي تتميز بالقدرة على تعلم والتفكير واتخاذ القرارات بشكل مشابه للإنسان على سبيل المثال (استعمال الذكاء الاصطناعي في تحسين عمليات التخطيط والتحليل في مشكلات البرمجة الخطية). في دراستنا تم تسليط الضوء على احدى تقنيات الذكاء الاصطناعي في مجال البرمجة الخطية وهي الخوارزمية الجينية (Genetic Algorithm (GA)) اذ يهدف البحث ايجاد القيم المثلى لمتغيرات دالة الهدف في ظل القيود المفروضة على مشكلة البرمجة الخطية ومن خلال التحسين (Optimization) غان قيمة دالة الهدف حققت اعظم الارباح مقارنة بدالة الهدف المحسوبة ضمن طريقة السمبلكس (Simplex Method) ، كما تم حساب دالة اللياقة على ضوء المعطيات في المسألة ، وتم ايجاد النتائج بالاستعانة ببرنامج [MATLAB R2019a] .
Exploring Key Determinants of Trail Run Athlete’s Preparedness to Perform Pre-Hospital First Aid for Ankle Sprain
Authors: Zulkarnain Hakim , Indhiantoro Galih , Dewi Yulis Setiya , Astutik Wahyu Sri , Matos Filomena Adelaide de 
Published: July 2024

Trail runs have a high risk of injury like ankle sprains. Proper ankle sprain first aid requires preparedness to prevent more serious danger and ensure its success in the pre-hospital setting. This study aimed to explore key determinants of trail run athletes’ preparedness to perform pre-hospital first aid for ankle sprain using the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model theory. The research method used a descriptive correlational which approached cross-sectionally. The research recruited 120 trail run athletes of two professional clubs who were selected by simple random sampling. Data was collected using questionnaires. The variables measured were knowledge, belief, value, attitude, and confidence. Bivariate analysis used chi-square and spearman-rho tests. Multivariate analysis used a logistic regression test. All of the statistical analyses used α = 0,05. The research results show that half of the respondents was 18 – 35 years old. The factors correlated to the trail run preparedness to perform pre-hospital first aid for ankle sprain was as follows. The majority had a medium level of knowledge (54,2%) and a significance level of p = 0.000. Similar trends were found between belief, value, and confidence in which there were no low levels of those variables with the same significance value of p = 0.000. Lastly, respondent’s percentages of attitudes were almost equally distributed between negative (45%) and positive (66%) with a significance level of p = 0,000. In multivariate analysis, all the variables had p-values < 0,05. The OR was as follows, knowledge 14,713; belief 77,919; value 27,554; attitude 7,213; and confidence 12,408. The conclusion is found that knowledge, belief, value, attitude, and confidence were significantly correlated with the athlete’s preparedness Together all variables were correlated significantly to the athlete’s preparedness to perform pre-hospital first aid for ankle sprain. In conclusion, to improve athlete safety during trail runs is by improving the preparedness for any adverse event including trail runs. All of the factors could increase preparedness, but some factors resulted in higher preparedness. The factors that have more effect on preparedness than the others are belief and value.
Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus HA-114 and Bacillus subtilis R0179 Prolong Lifespan and Mitigate Amyloid-β Toxicity in C. elegans via Distinct Mechanisms
Authors: Foster Stuart G. , Mathew Shibi , Labarre Audrey , Parker J. Alex , Tompkins Thomas A. , Binda Sylvie 
Published: July 2024

Background: Recent advances linking gut dysbiosis with neurocognitive disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) suggest that the microbiota-gut-brain axis could be targeted for AD prevention, management, or treatment. Objective: We sought to identify probiotics that can delay Aβ-induced paralysis. Methods: Using C. elegans expressing human amyloid-β (Aβ)1–42 in body wall muscles (GMC101), we assessed the effects of several probiotic strains on paralysis. Results: We found that Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus HA-114 and Bacillus subtilis R0179, but not their supernatants or heat-treated forms, delayed paralysis and prolonged lifespan without affecting the levels of amyloid-β aggregates. To uncover the mechanism involved, we explored the role of two known pathways involved in neurogenerative diseases, namely mitophagy, via deletion of the mitophagy factor PINK-1, and fatty acid desaturation, via deletion of the Δ9 desaturase FAT-5. Pink-1 deletion in GMC101 worms did not modify the life-prolonging and anti-paralysis effects of HA-114 but reduced the protective effect of R0179 against paralysis without affecting its life-prolonging effect. Upon fat5 deletion in GMC101 worms, the monounsaturated C14:1 and C16:1 FAs conserved their beneficial effect while the saturated C14:0 and C16:0 FAs did not. The beneficial effects of R0179 on both lifespan and paralysis remained unaffected by fat-5 deletion, while the beneficial effect of HA-114 on paralysis and lifespan was significantly reduced. Conclusions: Collectively with clinical and preclinical evidence in other models, our results suggest that HA-114 or R0179 could be studied as potential therapeutical adjuncts in neurodegenerative diseases such as AD.
Alterations in Gray Matter Structural Networks in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Source-Based Morphometry Study
Authors: Setiadi Tania M. , Marsman Jan-Bernard C. , Martens Sander , Tumati Shankar , Opmeer Esther M. , Reesink Fransje E. , De Deyn Peter P. , Atienza Mercedes , Aleman André , Cantero Jose L. 
Published: July 2024

Background: Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), considered as the prodromal stage of Alzheimer’s disease, is characterized by isolated memory impairment and cerebral gray matter volume (GMV) alterations. Previous structural MRI studies in aMCI have been mainly based on univariate statistics using voxel-based morphometry. Objective: We investigated structural network differences between aMCI patients and cognitively normal older adults by using source-based morphometry, a multivariate approach that considers the relationship between voxels of various parts of the brain. Methods: Ninety-one aMCI patients and 80 cognitively normal controls underwent structural MRI and neuropsychological assessment. Spatially independent components (ICs) that covaried between participants were estimated and a multivariate analysis of covariance was performed with ICs as dependent variables, diagnosis as independent variable, and age, sex, education level, and site as covariates. Results: aMCI patients exhibited reduced GMV in the precentral, temporo-cerebellar, frontal, and temporal network, and increased GMV in the left superior parietal network compared to controls (pFWER < 0.05, Holm-Bonferroni correction). Moreover, we found that diagnosis, more specifically aMCI, moderated the positive relationship between occipital network and Mini-Mental State Examination scores (pFWER < 0.05, Holm-Bonferroni correction). Conclusions: Our results showed GMV alterations in temporo-fronto-parieto-cerebellar networks in aMCI, extending previous results obtained with univariate approaches.
Identification of Blood Biomarkers Related to Energy Metabolism and Construction of Diagnostic Prediction Model Based on Three Independent Alzheimer’s Disease Cohorts
Authors: Wang Hongqi , Li Jilai , Tu Wenjun , Wang Zhiqun , Zhang Yiming , Chang Lirong , Wu Yan , Zhang Xia 
Published: July 2024

Background: Blood biomarkers are crucial for the diagnosis and therapy of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Energy metabolism disturbances are closely related to AD. However, research on blood biomarkers related to energy metabolism is still insufficient. Objective: This study aims to explore the diagnostic and therapeutic significance of energy metabolism-related genes in AD. Methods: AD cohorts were obtained from GEO database and single center. Machine learning algorithms were used to identify key genes. GSEA was used for functional analysis. Six algorithms were utilized to establish and evaluate diagnostic models. Key gene-related drugs were screened through network pharmacology. Results: We identified 4 energy metabolism genes, NDUFA1, MECOM, RPL26, and RPS27. These genes have been confirmed to be closely related to multiple energy metabolic pathways and different types of T cell immune infiltration. Additionally, the transcription factors INSM2 and 4 lncRNAs were involved in regulating 4 genes. Further analysis showed that all biomarkers were downregulated in the AD cohorts and not affected by aging and gender. More importantly, we constructed a diagnostic prediction model of 4 biomarkers, which has been validated by various algorithms for its diagnostic performance. Furthermore, we found that valproic acid mainly interacted with these biomarkers through hydrogen bonding, salt bonding, and hydrophobic interaction. Conclusions: We constructed a predictive model based on 4 energy metabolism genes, which may be helpful for the diagnosis of AD. The 4 validated genes could serve as promising blood biomarkers for AD. Their interaction with valproic acid may play a crucial role in the therapy of AD.
Effects of Intermittent Hypoxia Protocols on Cognitive Performance and Brain Health in Older Adults Across Cognitive States: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Boulares Ayoub , Pichon Aurélien , Faucher Corentin , Bragazzi Nicola Luigi , Dupuy Olivier 
Published: July 2024

Background: The rise in the aging population highlights the need to address cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases. Intermittent hypoxia (IH) protocols show promise in enhancing cognitive abilities and brain health. Objective: This review evaluates IH protocols’ benefits on cognition and brain health in older adults, regardless of cognitive status. Methods: A systematic search following PRISMA guidelines was conducted across four databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) and two registers, covering records from inception to May 2024 (PROSPERO: CRD42023462177). Inclusion criteria were: 1) original research with quantitative details; 2) studies involving older adults, with or without cognitive impairment; 3) studies including IH protocols; 4) articles analyzing cognition and brain health in older adults. Results: Seven studies and five registered trials met the criteria. Findings indicate that Intermittent Hypoxia Training (IHT) and Intermittent Hypoxia-Hyperoxia Training (IHHT) improved cognitive functions and brain health. Intermittent Hypoxic Exposure (IHE) improved cerebral tissue oxygen saturation, middle cerebral arterial flow velocity, and cerebral vascular conductance, particularly in cognitively impaired populations. IHT and IHHT had no significant effect on BDNF levels. There is a lack of studies on IHHE in older adults with and without cognitive impairment. Conclusions: IH protocols may benefit cognition regardless of cognitive status. IHT and IHE positively affect cerebral outcomes, with all protocols having limited effects on BDNF levels. Future research should standardize IH protocols, investigate long-term cognitive effects, and explore neuroprotective biomarkers. Combining these protocols with physical exercise across diverse populations could refine interventions and guide targeted therapeutic strategies.