bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in Body Mass Index Associated With Head Start Participation
Authors: Lumeng Julie C. , Kaciroti Niko , Sturza Julie , Krusky Allison M. , Miller Alison L. , Peterson Karen E. , Lipton Robert , Reischl Thomas M. 
Published: January 2015

OBJECTIVES:
The goal of this study was to determine if Head Start participation is associated with healthy changes in BMI.

METHODS:
The sample included children participating in Head Start between 2005 and 2013 and children from 2 comparison groups drawn from a Michigan primary care health system: 5405 receiving Medicaid and 19 320 not receiving Medicaid. Change in BMI z score from the beginning to the end of each of 2 academic years and the intervening summer was compared between groups by using piecewise linear mixed models adjusted for age, gender, and race/ethnicity.

RESULTS:
The total sample included 43 748 children providing 83 239 anthropometric measures. The Head Start sample was 64.9% white, 10.8% black, and 14.4% Hispanic; 16.8% of the children were obese and 16.6% were overweight at the initial observation. Children who entered Head Start as obese exhibited a greater decline in the BMI z score during the first academic year versus the comparison groups (β = –0.70 [SE: 0.05] vs –0.07 [0.08] in the Medicaid group [P &lt; .001] and –0.15 [SE: 0.05] in the Not Medicaid group [P &lt; .001]); patterns were similar for overweight children. Head Start participants were less obese, less overweight, and less underweight at follow-up than children in the comparison groups.

CONCLUSIONS:
Preschool-aged children with an unhealthy weight status who participated in Head Start had a significantly healthier BMI by kindergarten entry age than comparison children in a primary care health system (both those receiving and those not receiving Medicaid).
Influence of Laser Vibrational Excitations of Ethylene Molecules in Laser-Assisted Combustion Diamond Synthesis
Authors: Fan L.S. , Zhou Y.S. , Wang M.X. , Gao Y. , Liu L. , Silvain J.F. , Lu Y.F. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTLaser-induced vibrational excitation of ethylene molecules was integrated to the CVD diamond deposition process for an in-depth understanding of the energy coupling path in chemical reactions and an alternative method to enhance the diamond deposition. On- and off-resonance excitations of ethylene molecules were achieved via tuning the incident laser wavelengths centered at 10.532 µm. With the same amount of laser power absorbed, the chemical reaction is highly accelerated with on-resonance vibrational excitation whereas energy coupling with off-resonance excitations was less efficient in influencing the combustion process. The diamond deposition rate was enhanced by a factor of 5.7 accompanied with an improvement of diamond quality index with the on-resonance excitation at 10.532 μm. The measured flame temperature demonstrated that the resonant vibrational excitation was an efficient route for coupling energy into the reactant molecules and steering the combustion process.
Prognostic Factors of Survival in a Randomized Phase III Trial (MPACT) of Weekly nab-Paclitaxel Plus Gemcitabine Versus Gemcitabine Alone in Patients With Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Tabernero Josep , Chiorean E. Gabriela , Infante Jeffrey R. , Hingorani Sunil R. , Ganju Vinod , Weekes Colin , Scheithauer Werner , Ramanathan Ramesh K. , Goldstein David , Penenberg Darryl N. , Romano Alfredo , Ferrara Stefano , Von Hoff Daniel D. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract

Background.
nab-Paclitaxel in combination with gemcitabine has emerged as a new treatment option for patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer (MPC), based on superiority over gemcitabine demonstrated in the phase III MPACT trial. Previously, Karnofsky performance status (KPS) score and the presence of liver metastases were shown to be predictive of survival with nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine treatment. This analysis sought to further explore the relationship between clinical characteristics and survival in the MPACT trial and to identify potential predictors of overall survival and progression-free survival in patients with MPC.

Materials and Methods.
Cox regression models adjusted for stratification factors and a stepwise multivariate analysis of prespecified baseline prognostic factors were performed.

Results.
Treatment effect was significantly associated with survival, with a similar magnitude of reduction in risk of death compared with the previously reported primary analysis. Treatment effect consistently favored nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine across the majority of the prespecified factors. In addition to KPS score and presence of liver metastases, age and number of metastatic sites were independent prognostic factors of overall and progression-free survival. Baseline carbohydrate antigen 19-9 was not found to be an independent prognostic factor of survival in this analysis.

Conclusion.
The results of this analysis confirm broad utility of nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine for the treatment of MPC. In addition, these findings suggest that KPS score, presence of liver metastases, age, and number of metastatic sites are important predictors of survival that may be useful when making treatment decisions and designing future clinical trials.
Bevacizumab in Combination With Radiotherapy and Temozolomide for Patients With Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Multiforme
Authors: Linde Myra E. , Verhoeff Joost J.C. , Richel Dirk J. , Furth Wouter R. , Reijneveld Jaap C. , Verheul Henk M.W. , Stalpers Lukas J.A. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract

Author Summary

Background.
Patients with a newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) have a high risk of recurrent disease with a dismal outcome despite intensive treatment of sequential surgery and chemoradiotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ), followed by TMZ as a single agent. Bevacizumab (BV) may increase response rates to chemotherapy in the recurrent treatment setting of GBM. We hypothesized that a neoadjuvant treatment strategy for patients with newly diagnosed GBM using chemoradiotherapy plus BV would improve resectability and thus survival. We performed a phase II trial of the treatment strategy of BV plus chemoradiation to determine the safety of this combination in patients who had already undergone primary surgery for their GBM.

Methods.
After a biopsy (6 patients) or a resection (13 patients) of a newly diagnosed GBM, 19 patients received radiotherapy (30 fractions of 2 Gy) in combination with daily TMZ 75 mg/m2 and BV 10 mg/kg on days 1, 14, and 28, followed by 6 monthly cycles of TMZ 150–200 mg/m2 on days 1–5.

Results.
The overall response rate was 26%. Three patients had a complete response after resection, and in two patients, a complete response after resection followed by chemoradiation plus BV was seen. No grade 3–4 toxicities were observed during combination treatment. The median progression-free survival was 9.6 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.3–14.4 months). The median overall survival was 16 months (95% CI: 8.1–26.3 months), similar to a matched control group that received standard chemoradiotherapy from our institution.

Conclusion.
Combination of bevacizumab with radiotherapy and TMZ is safe and feasible in patients with newly diagnosed GBM, but because of low response rates, this treatment strategy does not favor a neoadjuvant approach.
Colloid and Surface Chemical Problems in Non-Conventional Heavy Oil Recovery
Authors: Gewers C.W.W. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Although emulsions have always been a problem for the petroleum industry, the producing of heavy crude oil can be further complicated by the presence of colloidal clays and asphaltenes which create a new type of emulsion. This phenomenon became apparent recently in the " Hot Water Process" for extracting bitumen from the Athabasca Tar Sands. The clays form membranous skins at the oil water interface which do not respond to conventional emulsion- breaking procedures. Caustic pH ranges, polyphosphates and other dispersing agents, rather than cationic flocculating, should be used to overcome this problem.
Asphaltenes are colloidal crude oil constituents which also have the ability to form skins at the oil-water interface. These skins stabilize water in oil emulsions which do respond to conventional emulsion-breaking procedures. The asphaltenes contain very strongly polar chemical compounds, thus emulsion treating requires relatively high concentrations of expensive chemicals. A pH adjustment can reduce these requirements. Our Alberta heavy oils contain approximately 20 per cent asphaltenes, which, therefore, constitute a potential problem.
The resinous acids in our heavy oils form another group of surface-active compounds. They stabilize water in oil emulsions, which can be broken more easily by conventional means. One other aspect of the resinous acids is their ability to form water-soluble soaps in the presence of caustic. Theoretically, these soaps could promote improved oil recovery. However, most of our heavy oil reservoirs contain clays which adsorb caustic and prevent this soap formation. The benefits observed due to caustic injection are believed to be due to the dispersion of the clays rather than the formation of soaps.
Developing a hot-water drill system for the WISSARD project: 1. Basic drill system components and design
Authors: Rack Frank R. , Duling Dennis , Blythe Daren , Burnett Justin , Gibson Dar , Roberts Graham , Carpenter Chad , Lemery Jeff , Fischbein Steve 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA new, clean, hot-water drill system (HWDS) was developed by the Science Management Office, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, for use in the Whillans Ice Stream Subglacial Access Research Drilling (WISSARD) project to gain access to Subglacial Lake Whillans beneath ∼800 m of ice in West Antarctica. One primary borehole was drilled into the basal ice environment of Subglacial Lake Whillans during the initial field season in 2012/13. This paper describes the process of designing, fabricating, assembling, shipping, testing, commissioning and traversing the WISSARD HWDS leading up to the first scientific use of the system.
The D0 Ig-like Domain Plays a Central Role in the Stronger Binding of KIR3DL2 to B27 Free H Chain Dimers
Authors: Hatano Hiroko , Shaw Jacqueline , Marquardt Kaitlin , Zhang Zhiyong , Gauthier Laurent , Chanteux Stephanie , Rossi Benjamin , Li Demin , Mitchell Julie , Kollnberger Simon 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
We proposed that the killer cell Ig-like receptor KIR3DL2 binding more strongly to HLA-B27 (B27) β2-microglobulin free H chain (FHC) dimers than other HLA–class I molecules regulates lymphocyte function in arthritis and infection. We compared the function of B27 FHC dimers with other class I H chains and identified contact residues in KIR3DL2. B27 FHC dimers interacted functionally with KIR3DL2 on NK and reporter cells more strongly than did other class I FHCs. Mutagenesis identified key residues in the D0 and other Ig-like domains that were shared and distinct from KIR3DL1 for KIR3DL2 binding to B27 and other class I FHCs. We modeled B27 dimer binding to KIR3DL2 and compared experimental mutagenesis data with computational “hot spot” predictions. Modeling predicts that the stronger binding of B27 dimers to KIR3DL2 is mediated by nonsymmetrical complementary contacts of the D0 and D1 domains with the α1, α2, and α3 domains of both B27 H chains. In contrast, the D2 domain primarily contacts residues in the α2 domain of one B27 H chain. These findings provide novel insights about the molecular basis of KIR3DL2 binding to B27 and other ligands and suggest an important role for KIR3DL2–B27 interactions in controlling the function of NK cells in B27+ individuals.
Duox1-Derived H2O2 Modulates Cxcl8 Expression and Neutrophil Recruitment via JNK/c-JUN/AP-1 Signaling and Chromatin Modifications
Authors: de Oliveira Sofia , Boudinot Pierre , Calado Ângelo , Mulero Victoriano 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
DUOX1-derived hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and CXCL8 are two key neutrophil chemoattractants. H2O2 is critical at the early phase, whereas CXCL8 plays a key role in the late phases of recruitment, but the crosstalks between the two phases in vivo remain unknown. In this study using zebrafish, we report that H2O2 also contributes to neutrophil recruitment to injuries at the late phase as it induces Cxcl8 expression in vivo through a JNK/c-JUN/AP-1 signaling pathway. However, Erk and NF-κB signaling were not involved in this crosstalk. Strikingly, H2O2 also promotes cxcl8 expression through modulation of histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation, histone 3 lysine 9 acetylation, and histone 3 lysine 9 trimethylation levels at its promoter. These results explain how early H2O2 signal regulates neutrophil recruitment at all phases, directly via Lyn oxidation or indirectly by modulating cxcl8 gene expression, via the activation of redox-sensitive signaling pathways, and further point out H2O2/DUOX1 as a key drug target for anti-inflammatory therapies.
PRODUÇÃO DE FORRAGEM E PERFILHAMENTO EM PASTOS DE CAPIM TANZÂNIA-1 ADUBADOS COM DOSES DE NITROGÊNIO
Authors: HOESCHL André Ricardo , CANTO Marcos Weber do , BONA FILHO Amadeu , MORAES Aníbal 
Published: January 2015

O experimento de pastejo foi conduzido na Fazenda Nossa Senhora Aparecida, situada no município de Astorga, região Noroeste do Paraná, Brasil. O experimento visou avaliar quatro doses de nitrogênio (N) aplicadas ao solo de pastagens de capim Tanzânia-1 (Panicum maximum Jacq.). As doses avaliadas de N foram 100, 200, 300 e 400 kg ha-1 e o delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com duas repetições. O período experimental foi de 10/11/2001 a 15/04/2002. Os animais usados foram machos inteiros da raça Nelore e o método de pastejo empregado foi o de lotação contínua e taxa de lotação variável. A altura do pasto foi mantida o mais próximo possível de 60 cm em todas as unidades experimentais. A taxa de acúmulo de massa seca (MS) apresentou resposta linear positiva (P<0,0112) com o aumento da quantidade de N aplicada. As taxas de acúmulo foram de 76, 113, 138 e 152 kg de MS ha-1 dia-1, respectivamente para as doses de N de 100, 200, 300 e 400 kg ha-1. A produção de forragem aumentou linearmente (P<0,03) com o aumento da quantidade de N aplicada. A análise estatística revelou aumento linear (P<0,05) da massa individual por perfilho com o aumento da dose de N. A densidade populacional de perfilhos vegetativos apresentou comportamento quadrático (P<0,003) com a elevação das doses de adubo nitrogenado.
Multiporosity flow in fractured low‐permeability rocks
Authors: Kuhlman Kristopher L. , Malama Bwalya , Heath Jason E. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA multiporosity extension of classical double and triple‐porosity fractured rock flow models for slightly compressible fluids is presented. The multiporosity model is an adaptation of the multirate solute transport model of Haggerty and Gorelick (1995) to viscous flow in fractured rock reservoirs. It is a generalization of both pseudo steady state and transient interporosity flow double‐porosity models. The model includes a fracture continuum and an overlapping distribution of multiple rock matrix continua, whose fracture‐matrix exchange coefficients are specified through a discrete probability mass function. Semianalytical cylindrically symmetric solutions to the multiporosity mathematical model are developed using the Laplace transform to illustrate its behavior. The multiporosity model presented here is conceptually simple, yet flexible enough to simulate common conceptualizations of double and triple‐porosity flow. This combination of generality and simplicity makes the multiporosity model a good choice for flow modelling in low‐permeability fractured rocks.
A Synthetic Adenylation‐Domain‐Based tRNA‐Aminoacylation Catalyst
Authors: Giessen Tobias W. , Altegoer Florian , Nebel Annika J. , Steinbach Roman M. , Bange Gert , Marahiel Mohamed A. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe incorporation of non‐proteinogenic amino acids represents a major challenge for the creation of functionalized proteins. The ribosomal pathway is limited to the 20–22 proteinogenic amino acids while nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) are able to select from hundreds of different monomers. Introduced herein is a fusion‐protein‐based design for synthetic tRNA‐aminoacylation catalysts based on combining NRPS adenylation domains and a small eukaryotic tRNA‐binding domain (Arc1p‐C). Using rational design, guided by structural insights and molecular modeling, the adenylation domain PheA was fused with Arc1p‐C using flexible linkers and achieved tRNA‐aminoacylation with both proteinogenic and non‐proteinogenic amino acids. The resulting aminoacyl‐tRNAs were functionally validated and the catalysts showed broad substrate specificity towards the acceptor tRNA. Our strategy shows how functional tRNA‐aminoacylation catalysts can be created for bridging the ribosomal and nonribosomal worlds. This opens up new avenues for the aminoacylation of tRNAs with functional non‐proteinogenic amino acids.
Designing Elastic Organic Crystals: Highly Flexible Polyhalogenated N‐Benzylideneanilines
Authors: Ghosh Soumyajit , Mishra Manish Kumar , Kadambi Sourabh B. , Ramamurty Upadrasta , Desiraju Gautam R. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe intermolecular interactions and structural features in crystals of seven halogenated N‐benzylideneanilines (Schiff bases), all of which exhibit remarkable flexibility, were examined to identify the common packing features that are the raison d’être for the observed elasticity. The following two features, in part related, were identified as essential to obtain elastic organic crystals: 1) A multitude of weak and dispersive interactions, including halogen bonds, which may act as structural buffers for deformation through easy rupture and reformation during bending; and 2) corrugated packing patterns that would get interlocked and, in the process, prevent long‐range sliding of molecular planes.
Predicting the Switchable Screw Sense in Fluorene‐Based Polymers
Authors: Pietropaolo Adriana , Wang Yue , Nakano Tamaki 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA chirality‐switching free‐energy landscape was reconstructed on a 43‐mer of poly(9,9‐dioctylfluoren‐2,7‐diyl) (PDOF). The simulations were conducted on amorphous silica surface as well as in the vacuum phase for a single chain or for a group of sixteen chains. The achiral‐to‐chiral transition occurs only on amorphous silica (activation free‐energy 35 kcal mol−1), where the enantiomeric (homochiral) basins are detected. This was supported by the experiments where effective chirality induction to PDOF using circularly polarized light (CPL) was attained only for a film deposited on a quartz glass and not for a solution or a suspension. These results indicate that interactions of PDOF with amorphous silica play a crucial role in chirality switching. Importance of chain assembling was also indicated. Theoretical ECD spectra of the enantiomeric basins containing a 51 helix reproduce the experimental spectra.
“Heterogeneity within Order” in Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Furukawa Hiroyasu , Müller Ulrich , Yaghi Omar M. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are constructed by linking inorganic units with organic linkers to make extended networks. Though more than 20 000 MOF structures have been reported most of these are ordered and largely composed of a limited number of different kinds building units, and very few have multiple different building units (heterogeneous). Although heterogeneity and multiplicity is a fundamental characteristic of biological systems, very few synthetic materials incorporate heterogeneity without losing crystalline order. Thus, the question arises: how do we introduce heterogeneity into MOFs without losing their ordered structure? This Review outlines strategies for varying the building units within both the backbone of the MOF and its pores to produce the heterogeneity that is sought after. The impact this heterogeneity imparts on the properties of a MOF is highlighted. We also provide an update on the MOF industry as part of this themed issue for the 150th anniversary of BASF.
Controlling the Subtle Energy Balance in Protic Ionic Liquids: Dispersion Forces Compete with Hydrogen Bonds
Authors: Fumino Koichi , Fossog Verlaine , Stange Peter , Paschek Dietmar , Hempelmann Rolf , Ludwig Ralf 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe properties of ionic liquids are determined by the energy‐balance between Coulomb‐interaction, hydrogen‐bonding, and dispersion forces. Out of a set of protic ionic liquids (PILs), including trialkylammonium cations and methylsulfonate and triflate anions we could detect the transfer from hydrogen‐bonding to dispersion‐dominated interaction between cation and anion in the PIL [(C6H13)3NH][CF3SO3]. The characteristic vibrational features for both ion‐pair species can be detected and assigned in the far‐infrared spectra. Our approach gives direct access to the relative strength of hydrogen‐bonding and dispersion forces in a Coulomb‐dominated system. Dispersion‐corrected density functional theory (DFT) calculations support the experimental findings. The dispersion forces could be quantified to contribute about 2.3 kJ mol−1 per additional methylene group in the alkyl chains of the ammonium cation.
Mechanical and barrier properties of soy protein isolate films plasticized with a mixture of glycerol and dendritic polyglycerol
Authors: Božič Mojca , Majerič Martina , Denac Matjaž , Kokol Vanja 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTSoy protein isolate (SPI) films plasticized with different contents of short and linear glycerol (G) and hyperbranched dendritic polyglycerol (DPG) in the presence of water were prepared for the first time with kneading and compression molding; these were analyzed in relation to their visual, morphological, microstructural, mechanical, and water‐ and oxygen‐barrier properties. It was shown that the film prepared with a mixture of 15G15DPG (where the numbers represent the weight percentage of the respective compound) had a higher tensile strength (∼14.4%), lower elongation at break (∼85.7%), and improved water‐barrier (∼54.6%) and oxygen‐barrier (∼84.1%) properties compared to the SPI film plasticized only with 30G. The attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared spectra of the plasticized SPI films indicated that such properties were related to the approximately 11.3% higher conversion of SPI from the α‐helical conformation to the intramolecular β‐sheet structures for the 15G15DPG films. This resulted in finer films with lower surface roughnesses and surface areas. On the other hand, further increases in G and DPG revealed an opposite effect and worsened the properties; this was much more pronounced by the increased DPG amount because of SPI unfolding and aggregation and resulted in microporous films. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41837.