bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prefrontal Cortex Oxygenation During Exercise in Older Adults with Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome
Authors: da Costa Kell Grandjean , Fontes Eduardo Bodnariuc , Menta Alekya , Kramer Arthur F. , Fielding Roger A. , Verghese Joe , Kowaleski Christopher , Ward Nathan , Reid Kieran F. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMotoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR) is a pre‐dementia syndrome characterized by subjective memory complaints and gait impairments that may be related to lower prefrontal cortex (PFC) function. Acute bouts of aerobic exercise are shown to improve PFC function, however, the acute effects of exercise on PFC oxygenation have not yet been examined in MCR. This study aims to characterize the PFC oxygenation responses during acute exercise in older adults with MCR. Nineteen older adults with MCR performed a submaximal cycling exercise protocol. Functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is used to measure concentrations of oxygenated (OxyHb) and deoxygenated (DeoxyHb) hemoglobin from the PFC. There is a trend for increased OxyHb concentrations and decreased DeooxyHb concentrations during exercise. Exercise also induced significant increases in ratings of perceived exertion (RPEs) and heart rate. A significant, positive correlation between PFC OxyHb and RPEs during the cycling exercise are also observed. The findings reveal that PFC oxygenation increases during exercise in an intensity‐dependent manner and the subjective perception of exertion is associated with the magnitude of PFC oxygenation. These results suggest that moderate‐intensity cycling exercise may have beneficial effects on increasing cerebral blood flow in the PFC of older adults with MCR.
Unraveling the Impact of Solution Filtration on Organic Solar Cell Stability
Authors: Yang Emily J. , Luke Joel , Fu Yuang , Qiao Zhuoran , Bidwell Matthew , Marsh Adam V. , Heeney Martin , Gasparini Nicola , Kim Ji‐Seon 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDespite major advances in efficiency, the operational stability of organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices remains poor. Therefore, understanding the degradation mechanisms and identifying potential solutions to improve device stability is critical to enabling the widespread commercialization of OPVs. Herein, simple filtration of the PBDB‐T:ITIC photoactive layer (PAL) solution prior to film deposition is demonstrated to enhance OPV device operational stability without compromising initial device performance. The effect of filtration, a commonly used but poorly understood OPV fabrication step, is investigated using a range of chemical, structural, and optoelectronic methods, on solutions and films. Filtration is found to remove large aggregates from solution without disrupting nanoscale preaggregation, resulting in enhanced acceptor ordering in PBDB‐T:ITIC thin films, significantly improving morphological stability and photostability. This simple and facile method is confirmed to be a general strategy that also works for other PBDB‐T‐containing OPV blends, including Y6‐based systems, and highlights how subtle changes in morphology can result in dramatic differences in operational stability.
Mussel‐Bioinspired Lignin Adhesive for Wearable Bioelectrodes
Authors: Hu Oudong , Lu Mingjin , Cai Minkun , Liu Junyu , Qiu Xueqing , Guo Chuan Fei , Zhang Can Yang , Qian Yong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAs a natural “binder,” lignin fixes cellulose in plants to foster growth and longevity. However, isolated lignin has a poor binding ability, which limits its biomedical applications. In this study, inspired by mussel adhesive proteins, acidic/basic amino acids (AAs) are introduced in alkali lignin (AL) to form ionic‐π/spatial correlation interactions, followed by demethylation to create catechol residues for enhanced adhesion activity. Atomic force microscopy reveals that catechol residues are the primary adhesion structures, with basic AAs exhibiting superior synergistic effects compared to acidic AAs. Demethylated lysine‐grafted AL exhibits the strongest adhesion force toward skin tissue. Molecular dynamic simulation and density functional theory calculations indicate that adhesion against skin tissue mainly results from hydrogen bonds and cation‐π interactions, with the adhesion mechanism being based on the Gibbs free energy of the Schiff base reaction. In summary, a biomimetic electrode based on lignin inspired by mussel adhesive proteins is prepared; the presented method offers a straightforward strategy for the development of biomimetic adhesives. Furthermore, this mussel‐inspired adhesive can be used as a wearable bioelectrode in biomedical applications.
Flexible Tribo‐Enhanced Piezoelectric Nanogenerator Based on Aluminium Ferrite Electrospun Hybrid Nanofibers for Energy Harvesting and Patient Rehabilitation Application
Authors: Das Nishat Kumar , Badhulika Sushmee 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMechanical energy harvesters have recently emerged as promising options for self‐powering sensors and small electronic devices. In this work, aluminum ferrite (AlFeO3)/PVDF hybrid perovskite electrospun nanofiber‐based tribo‐enhanced piezoelectric nanogenerators (TPENGs) are developed for energy harvesting. The as‐fabricated TPENG achieves an average voltage output of 52.3 V and an average current output of 1.23 µA. Additionally, the power density of the TPENG is calculated to be 0.085 W.m−2 at an 80 MΩ external resistance load. A 3D‐printed device is fabricated, containing nylon fabric (tribo‐positive) as a rotor attached to printed fins, while six (AlFeO3)/PVDF hybrid perovskite electrospun nanofiber piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) wrapped with Kapton tape (tribo‐negative) serve as the stator. The three printed fins of the device are moved by a string‐based pulley, generating an open circuit voltage of 200 V and a short circuit current of 4.5 µA. The as‐fabricated 3D‐printed device with TPENGs is used to power small electronics (e.g., LEDs and watch) and an exercise setup, allowing patients to generate power by pulling the attached string, thereby estimating the level of impairment. Integrating energy harvesting into rehabilitation motivates patients to move impaired body parts, enhancing TPENG's application in healthcare as a practical and engaging tool for patient rehabilitation.
Supramolecular Nano‐Tracker for Real‐Time Tracking of Drug Release and Efficient Combination Therapy
Authors: Chen Xi , Chen Fang‐Yuan , Lu Yi , Li Qiushi , Li Shujie , Zheng Chunxiong , Zheng Yadan , Dang Lin , Li Ru‐Yi , Liu Yang , Guo Dong‐Sheng , Sun Shao‐Kai , Zhang Zhanzhan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractReal‐time tracking of drug release from nanomedicine in vivo is crucial for optimizing its therapeutic efficacy in clinical settings, particularly in dosage control and determining the optimal therapeutic window. However, most current real‐time tracking systems require a tedious synthesis and purification process. Herein, a supramolecular nano‐tracker (SNT) capable of real‐time tracking of drug release in vivo based on non‐covalent host‐guest interactions is presented. By integrating multiple cavities into a single nanoparticle, SNT achieves co‐loading of drugs and probes while efficiently quenching the photophysical properties of the probe through host‐guest complexation. Moreover, SNT is readily degraded under hypoxic tumor tissues, leading to the simultaneous release of drugs and probes and the fluorescence recovery of probes. With this spatial and temporal consistency in drug loading and fluorescence quenching, as well as drug release and fluorescence recovery, SNT successfully achieves real‐time tracking of drug release in vivo (Pearson r = 0.9166, R2 = 0.8247). Furthermore, the released drugs can synergize effectively with fluorescent probes upon light irradiation, achieving potent chemo‐photodynamic combination therapy in 4T1‐bearing mice with a significantly improved survival rate (33%), providing a potential platform to significantly advance the development of nanomedicine and achieve optimal therapeutic effects in the clinic.
Recent Advances in Flexible Temperature Sensors: Materials, Mechanism, Fabrication, and Applications
Authors: Liu Lin , Dou Yingying , Wang Junhua , Zhao Yan , Kong Wenwen , Ma Chaoyan , He Donglin , Wang Hongguang , Zhang Huimin , Chang Aimin , Zhao Pengjun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFlexible electronics is an emerging and cutting‐edge technology which is considered as the building blocks of the next generation micro‐nano electronics. Flexible electronics integrate both active and passive functions in devices, driving rapid developments in healthcare, the Internet of Things (IoT), and industrial fields. Among them, flexible temperature sensors, which can be directly attached to human skin or curved surfaces of objects for continuous and stable temperature measurement, have attracted much attention for applications in disease prediction, health monitoring, robotic signal sensing, and curved surface temperature measurement. Preparing flexible temperature sensors with high sensitivity, fast response, wide temperature measurement interval, high flexibility, stretchability, low cost, high reliability, and stability has become a research target. This article reviewed the latest development of flexible temperature sensors and mainly discusses the sensitive materials, working mechanism, preparation process, and the applications of flexible temperature sensors. Finally, conclusions based on the latest developments, and the challenges and prospects for research in this field are presented.
Purely Electric‐Driven Field‐Free Magnetization Switching in L10‐FePt Single Film for Reconfigurable Spin Logic Computing
Authors: Wang Yuanbo , Zhang Jingyan , Dou Pengwei , Deng Xiao , Zhao Yunchi , Qi Jie , Zhang Yi , Shao Bokai , Xu Jiawang , Zheng Xinqi , Huang He , Wu Yanfei , Shen Baogen , Wang Shouguo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMagnetization switching driven by spin‐orbit torques (SOTs) in perpendicular single magnets contributes to the development of high‐efficiency next‐generation spintronic memory and logic. However, the in‐plane magnetic fields required for deterministic magnetization switching in single magnets hamper the design of all‐electric‐control devices. Herein, a simple, efficient, and reliable all‐electric‐control magnetization switching in a sputtered single L10‐FePt film with an artificial lateral gradient is reported. The deterministic magnetization switching exhibits a strong angle dependence and can be effectively tuned through lateral asymmetry. A maximum self‐switching ratio of 18% is achieved without magnetic fields. The structural characterization results reveal that this deterministic magnetization self‐switching can be primarily attributed to the ordering degree gradient. Furthermore, a programmable Boolean logic device together with a full adder is constructed using the single L10‐FePt magnet. The findings of the study highlight an effective route to accomplish electrical spin manipulation in single magnets. This enables the design of purely electrically controlled SOTs‐based logic and in‐memory computing.
Examining the impact of Native American myopathy on the quality of life and healthcare accessibility of patients and caregivers
Authors: Wang Magnolia G. , Lancaster Kristen , Powell Cynthia M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNative American myopathy (NAM, also known as STAC3 disorder) (OMIM 255995) is an ultra‐rare genetic disease impacting multiple body systems. The quality of life and caregiver burden associated with this condition remain poorly characterized. In this study, the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory and a survey comprised of de novo questions concerning genetic testing, counseling, and caregiver burden were employed to investigate the health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients and caregivers with NAM. Study findings uncovered a concerning trend: patients with NAM experienced a notable decline in HRQoL, with reasons that warrant further investigation. Particularly striking was the downturn observed during the transition from adolescence to adulthood—across Physical, Social, and Emotional Functioning domains. Taken together, this study has elucidated novel insights into the impact of NAM, and areas of concern to improve HRQoL have subsequently been highlighted.
Alzheimer's disease genetic pathways impact cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and imaging endophenotypes in non‐demented individuals
Authors: Lorenzini Luigi , Collij Lyduine E. , Tesi Niccoló , Vilor‐Tejedor Natàlia , Ingala Silvia , Blennow Kaj , Foley Christopher , Frisoni Giovanni B. , Haller Sven , Holstege Henne , van der van der Lee Sven , Martinez‐Lage Pablo , Marioni Riccardo E. , McCartney Daniel L. , O’ Brien John , Oliveira Tiago Gil , Payoux Pierre , Reinders Marcel , Ritchie Craig , Scheltens Philip , Schwarz Adam J. , Sudre Carole H. , Waldman Adam D. , Wolz Robin , Chatelat Gael , Ewers Michael , Wink Alle Meije , Mutsaerts Henk J. M. M. , Gispert Juan Domingo , Visser Pieter Jelle , Tijms Betty M. , Altmann Andre , Barkhof Frederik 
Published: July 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONUnraveling how Alzheimer's disease (AD) genetic risk is related to neuropathological heterogeneity, and whether this occurs through specific biological pathways, is a key step toward precision medicine.METHODSWe computed pathway‐specific genetic risk scores (GRSs) in non‐demented individuals and investigated how AD risk variants predict cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and imaging biomarkers reflecting AD pathology, cardiovascular, white matter integrity, and brain connectivity.RESULTSCSF amyloidbeta and phosphorylated tau were related to most GRSs. Inflammatory pathways were associated with cerebrovascular disease, whereas quantitative measures of white matter lesion and microstructure integrity were predicted by clearance and migration pathways. Functional connectivity alterations were related to genetic variants involved in signal transduction and synaptic communication.DISCUSSIONThis study reveals distinct genetic risk profiles in association with specific pathophysiological aspects in predementia stages of AD, unraveling the biological substrates of the heterogeneity of AD‐associated endophenotypes and promoting a step forward in disease understanding and development of personalized therapies.Highlights
Polygenic risk for Alzheimer's disease encompasses six biological pathways that can be quantified with pathway‐specific genetic risk scores, and differentially relate to cerebrospinal fluid and imaging biomarkers.
Inflammatory pathways are mostly related to cerebrovascular burden.
White matter health is associated with pathways of clearance and membrane integrity, whereas functional connectivity measures are related to signal transduction and synaptic communication pathways.
Scenarios for the long‐term efficacy of amyloid‐targeting therapies in the context of the natural history of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Raket Lars Lau , Cummings Jeffrey , Moscoso Alexis , Villain Nicolas , Schöll Michael 
Published: July 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONRecent clinical trials of amyloid beta (Aβ)‐targeting therapies in Alzheimer's disease (AD) have demonstrated a clinical benefit over 18 months, but their long‐term impact on disease trajectory is not yet understood. We propose a framework for evaluating realistic long‐term scenarios.METHODSResults from recent phase 3 trials of Aβ‐targeting antibodies were integrated with an estimate of the long‐term patient‐level natural history trajectory of the Clinical Dementia Rating‐Sum of Boxes (CDR‐SB) score to explore realistic long‐term efficacy scenarios.RESULTSThree distinct long‐term efficacy scenarios were examined, ranging from conservative to optimistic. These extrapolations of positive phase 3 trials suggested treatments delayed onset of severe dementia by 0.3 to 0.6 years (conservative), 1.1 to 1.9 years (intermediate), and 2.0 to 4.2 years (optimistic).DISCUSSIONOur study provides a common language for long‐term impact of disease‐modifying treatments. Our work calls for studies with longer follow‐up and results from early intervention trials to provide a comprehensive assessment of these therapies' true long‐term impact.Highlights
We present long‐term scenarios of the efficacy of AD therapies.
In this framework, scenarios are defined relative to the natural history of AD.
Long‐term projections with different levels of optimism can be compared.
It provides a common language for expressing beliefs about long‐term efficacy.
Reduktive Eliminierung von Tetraalkylcupraten [MenCu(CF3)4−n]− (n=0–4): jenseits einfacher Oxidationsstufen
Authors: Zimmer Bastian , Havenith Remco W. A. , Klein Johannes E. M. N. , Koszinowski Konrad 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn den letzten Jahren haben Organocuprate im Allgemeinen und der Komplex [Cu(CF3)4]− im Besonderen wegen ihrer elektronischen Strukturen erhebliches Interesse auf sich gezogen. Obwohl der Reaktivität dieser Spezies in diesem Zusammenhang eine Schlüsselrolle zukommen dürfte, fand dieser Aspekt bisher nur wenig Beachtung. Wir untersuchen hier systematisch die Reihe der Tetraalkylcuprate [MenCu(CF3)4−n]− und ihre Gasphasenreaktivität, die sowohl konzertierte reduktive Eliminierungen als auch Radikalverluste umfasst. Mit Hilfe quantenchemischer Rechnungen charakterisieren wir die elektronischen Strukturen der Komplexe und zeigen, wie sie mit der Reaktivität zusammenhängen. Wir finden, dass alle Ionen [MenCu(CF3)4−n]− invertierte Ligandenfelder aufweisen und dass sich die unterschiedlichen Reaktivitäten der individuellen Komplexe aus dem Zusammenspiel verschiedener Effekte ergeben.
Ring‐Size Control and Guest‐Induced Circularly Polarized Luminescence in Heteroleptic Pd3A3B3 and Pd4A4B4 Assemblies
Authors: Ebbert Kristina E. , Benchimol Elie , Platzek André , Drechsler Christoph , Openy Joseph , Hasegawa Shota , Holstein Julian J. , Clever Guido H. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTwo new structural motifs within the class of heteroleptic PdnAnBn assemblies, namely syn‐cis‐Pd3A3B3 bowls and bowl‐ (syn) or saddle‐ (anti) shaped cis‐Pd4A4B4 rings are introduced. All of the ten examples share a common longer fluorenone‐based bis‐monodentate ligand, equipped with meta‐pyridine donor groups. The ring size (3‐ vs. 4‐membered) and conformational preference (bowl vs. saddle) are controlled by the choice of the shorter ligand. These carry para‐pyridine donors, different aromatic backbones (benzene, thiophene or selenophene) and either no or small or bulky endohedral substituents, serving to control the nuclearity of the heteroleptic rings through different effects (ligand angle, charge distribution or backbone bulk). Moreover, the luminescence of the fluorenone ligand is conserved in the formed architectures. Emission intensity as well as host–guest properties vary depending on the inward‐pointing functions. All Pd3A3B3 assemblies are shown to bind chiral guest BINOL bis‐sulfonate which imparts its chirality to the entire host–guest complex. This results in a guest‐induced circular dichroism (CD) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) with dissymmetry factor glum up to 10−3.
Progress in analytical methods for pesticide detection in palm oil and palm kernel oil matrices, and pesticide fate studies in oil palm plantations
Authors: Ping Bonnie Tay Yen , Maurad Zulina Abdul 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis review presents a comprehensive overview of instrumental analyses for both single‐component and multicomponent pesticide detection within palm oil matrices. It meticulously examines the analytical attributes of these methods across various pesticide categories, including insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides. The discussion extends to sample preparation methodologies tailored for palm oil, encompassing techniques such as low‐temperature precipitation followed by solid‐phase extraction, liquid–liquid extraction, and variations of the Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe (QuEChERS) method. Additionally, it explores the QuEChERS method employing different sorbent combinations to optimize extraction efficiency. The second part of the review focuses on the fate study of pesticides within oil palm plantations which covers laboratory‐scale simulations elucidating pesticide behavior, comparative analysis of field studies with predictive programs, and investigations into the influence of climatic and microbiological factors on pesticide persistence within the oil palm agroenvironment system.
Guidelines in Practice: Safe Patient Handling and Movement
Authors: Speth Jennifer 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTThe perioperative environment presents unique ergonomic challenges related to lifting and moving patients. These challenges place perioperative team members and patients at an increased risk for injury. The updated AORN “Guideline for safe patient handling and movement” provides perioperative nurses with guidance on safe patient handling and movement practices to help minimize the incidence of injuries to patients and health care workers. This article provides an overview of the guideline and discusses recommendations for a safe patient handling and mobility (SPHM) program, ergonomic planning and facility design, SPHM technology, an individualized SPHM and ergonomic plan, and fall risk and mobility assessments. It also includes a scenario describing concerns related to patient and perioperative team member safety. Perioperative nurses should review the guideline in its entirety and apply the recommendations for safe patient handling and movement.
Psychometric properties for Persian version Demoralization Scale‐24 (DS‐24) in Iranian cancer patients
Authors: Mousavi Nazanin , Piryaei Mandana , Nooripour Roghieh , Kissane David , Hooshyari Zahra , Effatpanah Mohammad , Ghanbari Nikzad 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study focuses on the phenomenon of demoralization, a common experience among terminally ill patients, especially those diagnosed with cancer. The primary objective is to adapt and validate a practical assessment tool for demoralization, the Demoralization Scale‐24 (DS‐24), within the context of Iranian society.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, we employed the DS‐24 as the principal instrument, which had been exactly translated and evaluated for its psychometric properties in 160 Persian cancer patients. The assessment included exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), as well as evaluations of convergent validity and internal consistency or reliability.ResultsThe CFA unveiled a five‐factor model, consistent with the original structure of the DS‐24. Moreover, statistically significant correlations were observed between the DS‐24 and both the Beck Depression and MUNSH happiness scales. Cronbach's alpha indicated high internal consistency, with a value of .92 for the total score.ConclusionIn Iran, like in other countries, the demoralization questionnaire demonstrates significant validity and reliability. This ensures the timely diagnosis of demoralization in cancer patients and the prompt initiation of therapeutic interventions.