bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ab initio Structure Determination of Barium Periodate, Ba5I2O12, from Powder XRD Data
Authors: Kubel Frank , Pantazi Mariana , Hagemann Hans 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe compound Ba5I2O12 was synthesized by heating a precipitate of dissolved Ba(OH)2·8H2O and H5IO6. Rb2O was added to increase the crystallite size. The crystal structure was determined from conventional laboratory X‐ray diffraction data by using a real‐space structure solution approach followed by a Rietveld refinement. No constraints on positions were used. The structure analysis gave an orthorhombic symmetry with a = 19.7474(2) Å, b = 5.9006(1) Å and c = 10.5773(1) Å. The final RBragg value in space group Pnma (62) was 1.0 %. The structure can be described by layers of a metal and iodine arrangement forming almost pentagonal holes. Raman measurements were correlated with the two IO6 octahedra. Two further barium periodate patterns were observed and indexed.
Site Preference of Rare Earth Doping in Palladium‐Iron‐Arsenide Superconductors
Authors: Stürzer Christine , Schulz Anne , Johrendt Dirk 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe solid solutions (Ca1–yREyFe1–xPdxAs)10PdzAs8 with RE = La, Ce, and Pr were synthesized by solid state methods and characterized by X‐ray powder diffraction with subsequent Rietveld refinements [(CaFeAs)10Pt3As8‐type structure (“1038 type”), P$\bar{1}$, Z = 1]. Substitution levels (Ca/RE, Fe/Pd, and Pd/□) obtained from Rietveld refinements coincide well with the nominal values according to EDS and the linear courses of the lattice parameters as expected from the ionic radii. The RE atoms favor the one out of five calcium sites, which is eightfold coordinated by arsenic. This leads to significant stabilization of the structure, and especially prevents palladium over‐doping in the iron‐arsenide layers as observed in the pristine compound (CaFe1–xPdxAs)10PdzAs8. While the stabilization energy is estimated to about 40 kJ·mol–1 by electronic structure calculations, the reason for the diminished Fe/Pd substitution through RE doping is still not yet understood. We suggest that the electrons transferred from RE3+ to the (Fe1–xPdx)As layer makes higher palladium concentrations unfavorable. Anyway the reduced palladium doping enables superconductivity with critical temperatures up to 20 K (onset) in the RE doped Pd1038 samples, which could not be obtained earlier due to palladium over‐doping in the active iron‐arsenide layers.
Genome organization and assessment of high copy number and increased expression of pectinolytic genes from Penicillium griseoroseum: a potential heterologous system for protein production
Authors: Teixeira Janaina Aparecida , Nogueira Guilherme Bicalho , de Queiroz Marisa Vieira , de Araújo Elza Fernandes 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The fungus Penicillium griseoroseum has the potential for application on an industrial scale as a host for the production of homologous and heterologous proteins, mainly because it does not produce some mycotoxins or secrete proteases under the growth conditions for pectinase production. However, for the fungus to be used effectively as an expression heterologous system, an understanding of the organization of its genome, as well as the mechanisms of gene expression and protein production, is required. In the present study, the size of the P. griseoroseum genome was estimated to be 29.8–31.5 Mb, distributed among four chromosomes. An analysis of plg1 and pgg2 pectinolytic genes expression and copy number in recombinant multi-copy strains of P. griseoroseum demonstrated that an increase in the number of gene copies could increase enzyme production, but the transcription could be affected by the gene integration position. Placing a copy of the plg1 gene under the control of the gpd promoter of Aspergillus nidulans yielded a 200-fold increase in transcription levels compared to the endogenous gene, and two copies of the pgg2 gene produced an 1100-fold increase compared with the endogenous gene. These results demonstrated that transcription, translation, and protein secretion in the fungus P. griseoroseum respond to an increased number of gene copies in the genome. The processing capacity and efficiency of protein secretion in P. griseoroseum are consistent with our premise that this fungus can be used for the industrial-scale production of several enzymes.
Factors affecting leucocyte profiles in the little auk, a small Arctic seabird
Authors: Jakubas Dariusz , Wojczulanis-Jakubas Katarzyna , Kośmicka Anna 
Published: August 2014

AbstractLeucocyte profiles, especially the heterophil/lymphocyte ratio (H/L), are widely used to assess immune function and stress in birds. In this study, we investigated whether leucocyte profiles in a small colonial seabird, the little auk (Alle alle), are related to age (chicks, adults), sex or biometric traits, including body mass. We blood-sampled chicks at 4–8 and 14–18 days of life and chick-feeding adults with 14–20- and 24–30-day-old chicks. Relative numbers of heterophils and H/L generally differed among chicks and adults, with the highest values in adults with 14–20-day-old chicks and the lowest ones in 4–8-day-old chicks. Females had a higher proportion of lymphocytes than males. The relative numbers of eosinophils were similar in all the groups. The percentage of monocytes tended to differ among the age categories. Analyses of chicks revealed that the percentage of heterophils and the H/L ratios were significantly higher in older than in younger chicks. The opposite pattern was recorded for lymphocytes. In 14–18-day-old chicks, H/L (stress level) was negatively related to body mass, head-bill length and bill width. This time period is energetically stressful as nestlings start to exercise their wings outside the nest chamber. This suggests that the origin of stress in nestlings was mainly nutritional. We found a significant positive correlation between body mass at fledging and the relative number of eosinophils at 14–18 days of life, indicating a higher level of stress in lighter nestlings. The significant relationship between fledging age and the percentage of monocytes at 14–18 days of life suggested a poorer state of health in chicks that fledged at an older age.
Influences and drivers of woody debris movement in urban watercourses
Authors: Allen Deonie , Arthur Scott , Haynes Heather , Wallis Stephen G. , Wallerstein Nicholas 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
It is recognised that the blockage of culverts by woody debris can result in an increased risk of infrastructure damage and flooding. To date, debris transport analysis has focused on regional fluvial systems and large woody debris, both in flume and field experiments. Given the social and economic risk associated with urban flooding, and as urban drainage design shifts away from subsurface piped network reliance, there is an increasing need to understand debris movement in urban watercourses. The prediction of urban watercourse small woody debris (SWD) movement, both quantity and risk, has undergone only limited analysis predominantly due to lack of field data. This paper describes the development of a methodology to enable the collection of accurate and meaningful SWD residency and transportation data from watercourses. The presented research examines the limitations and effective function of PIT tag technology to collect SWD transport data in the field appropriate for risk and prediction analysis. Passive integrated transponder (PIT) technology provides a method to collect debris transport data within the urban environment. In this study, the tags are installed within small woody debris and released at known locations into a small urban natural watercourse enabling monitoring of movement and travel time. SWD velocity and detention are collated with solute time of travel, watercourse and point flow characteristics to identify the relationships between these key variables. The work presented tests three hypotheses: firstly, that the potential for unobstructed or un-detained SWD movement increases with flow velocity and water level. Secondly, that SWD travel distance, and the resistance forces along this travel path, influence SWD transport potential. Thirdly, the relationship between SWD and channel dimensions is examined with the aim of advancing representative debris transport prediction modelling.
Rupture of the extensor pollicis longus tendon following dorsal entry flexible nailing of radial shaft fractures in children
Authors: Brooker Ben , Harris P. Christian , Donnan Leo T. , Graham H. Kerr 
Published: August 2014

Introduction Diaphyseal forearm fractures are common in children and adolescents. Intramedullary fixation with flexible nails has a high success rate. Complications related to the insertion of the radial nail include injury to the superficial branch of the radial nerve and rupture of the extensor pollicis longus (EPL) tendon. Materials and Methods We report a series of nine patients who sustained an EPL injury related to the insertion of an elastic intramedullary nail into the radius. Results All nine patients underwent operative management, consisting of either EPL release, EPL direct repair, or tendon transfer (using extensor indicis proprius). In all cases, the nail entry site was directly related to the location of EPL. In many of the cases the EPL dysfunction occurred early on but it's recognition was often delayed. Conclusion Based on our findings, we recommend the use of a radial entry point. For surgeons who prefer the dorsal entry point, we recommend that they use an incision which allows visualisation of the extensor tendons and that any post-operative EPL dysfunction is addressed promptly.
Ventricular assist device implantation improves skeletal muscle function, oxidative capacity, and growth hormone/insulin‐like growth factor‐1 axis signaling in patients with advanced heart failure
Authors: Khawaja Tuba , Chokshi Aalap , Ji Ruiping , Kato Tomoko S. , Xu Katherine , Zizola Cynthia , Wu Christina , Forman Daniel E. , Ota Takeyoshi , Kennel Peter , Takayama Hiroo , Naka Yoshifumi , George Isaac , Mancini Donna , Schulze Christian P. 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundSkeletal muscle dysfunction in patients with heart failure (HF) has been linked to impaired growth hormone (GH)/insulin‐like growth factor (IGF)‐1 signaling. We hypothesized that ventricular assist device (VAD) implantation reverses GH/IGF‐1 axis dysfunction and improves muscle metabolism in HF.MethodsBlood and rectus abdominis muscle samples were collected during VAD implantation and explantation from patients with HF and controls. Clinical data were obtained from medical records, biomarkers measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and gene expression analyzed by reverse transcription and real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). Grip strength was assessed by dynamometry. Oxidative capacity was measured using oleate oxidation rates. Muscle fiber type and size were assessed by histology.ResultsElevated GH (0.27 ± 0.27 versus 3.6 ± 7.7 ng/ml in HF; p = 0.0002) and lower IGF‐1 and insulin‐like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)‐3 were found in HF (IGF‐1, 144 ± 41 versus 74 ± 45 ng/ml in HF, p < 0.05; and IGFBP‐3, 3,880 ± 934 versus 1,935 ± 862 ng/ml in HF, p = 0.05). The GH/IGF‐1 ratio, a marker of GH resistance, was elevated in HF (0.002 ± 0.002 versus 0.048 ± 0.1 pre‐VAD; p < 0.0039). After VAD support, skeletal muscle expression of IGF‐1 and IGFBP‐3 increased (10‐fold and 5‐fold, respectively; p < 0.05) accompanied by enhanced oxidative gene expression (CD36, CPT1, and PGC1α) and increased oxidation rates (+1.37‐fold; p < 0.05). Further, VAD implantation increased the oxidative muscle fiber proportion (38 versus 54 %, p = 0.031), fiber cross‐sectional area (CSA) (1,005 ± 668 versus 1,240 ± 670 μm2, p < 0.001), and Akt phosphorylation state in skeletal muscle. Finally, hand grip strength increased 26.5 ± 27.5 % at 180 days on‐VAD (p < 0.05 versus baseline).ConclusionOur data demonstrate that VAD implantation corrects GH/IGF‐1 signaling, improves muscle structure and function, and enhances oxidative muscle metabolism in patients with advanced HF.
Can a polycentric structure affect travel behaviour? A comparison of Melbourne, Australia and Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alqhatani M. , Setunge S. , Mirodpour S. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
This study models the impact of the shift from a monocentric private-car-oriented city to polycentric public-transport-oriented city. Metropolitan areas have suffered traffic problems—in particular increase in travel time and travel distance. Urban expansion, population growth and road network development have led to urban sprawl in monocentric cities. In many monocentric cities, travel time and distance has steadily increased and is only expected to increase in the future. Excessive travel leads to several problems such as air pollution, noise, congestion, reduction in productive time, greenhouse emissions, and increased stress and accident rates. This study examines the interaction of land use and travel. A model was developed and calibrated to Melbourne and Riyadh conditions and used for scenario analysis. This model included two parts: a spatial model and a transport model. The scenario analysis included variations of residential and activity distribution, as well as conditions of public transport service.
The immune‐related role of BRAF in melanoma
Authors: Tomei Sara , Bedognetti Davide , De Giorgi Valeria , Sommariva Michele , Civini Sara , Reinboth Jennifer , Al Hashmi Muna , Ascierto Maria Libera , Liu Qiuzhen , Ayotte Ben D. , Worschech Andrea , Uccellini Lorenzo , Ascierto Paolo A. , Stroncek David , Palmieri Giuseppe , Chouchane Lotfi , Wang Ena , Marincola Francesco M. 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundThe existence of a dichotomy between immunologically active and quiescent tumor phenotypes has been recently recognized in several types of cancer. The activation of a Th1 type of immune signature has been shown to confer better prognosis and likelihood to respond to immunotherapy. However, whether such dichotomy depends on the genetic make‐up of individual cancers is not known yet. BRAF and NRAS mutations are commonly acquired during melanoma progression. Here we explored the role of BRAF and NRAS mutations in influencing the immune phenotype based on a classification previously identified by our group.MethodsOne‐hundred‐thirteen melanoma metastases underwent microarray analysis and BRAF and NRAS genotyping. Allele‐specific PCR was also performed in order to exclude low‐frequency mutations.ResultsComparison between BRAF and NRAS mutant versus wild type samples identified mostly constituents or regulators of MAPK and related pathways. When testing gene lists discriminative of BRAF, NRAS and MAPK alterations, we found that 112 BRAF‐specific transcripts were able to distinguish the two immune‐related phenotypes already described in melanoma, with the poor phenotype associated mostly with BRAF mutation. Noteworthy, such association was stronger in samples displaying low BRAF mRNA expression. However, when testing NRAS mutations, we were not able to find the same association.ConclusionThis study suggests that BRAF mutation‐related specific transcripts associate with a poor phenotype in melanoma and provide a nest for further investigation.
Overview of the HiLASE project: high average power pulsed DPSSL systems for research and industry
Authors: Divoky M. , Smrz M. , Chyla M. , Sikocinski P. , Severova P. , Novak O. , Huynh J. , Nagisetty S.S. , Miura T. , Pilař J. , Slezak O. , Sawicka M. , Jambunathan V. , Vanda J. , Endo A. , Lucianetti A. , Rostohar D. , Mason P.D. , Phillips P.J. , Ertel K. , Banerjee S. , Hernandez-Gomez C. , Collier J.L. , Mocek T. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
An overview of the Czech national R&D project HiLASE (High average power pulsed laser) is presented. The project focuses on the development of advanced high repetition rate, diode pumped solid state laser (DPSSL) systems with energies in the range from mJ to 100 J and repetition rates in the range from 10 Hz to 100 kHz. Some applications of these lasers in research and hi-tech industry are also presented.
Cluster-based reduced-order modelling of a mixing layer
Authors: Kaiser Eurika , Noack Bernd R. , Cordier Laurent , Spohn Andreas , Segond Marc , Abel Markus , Daviller Guillaume , Östh Jan , Krajnović Siniša , Niven Robert K. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe propose a novel cluster-based reduced-order modelling (CROM) strategy for unsteady flows. CROM combines the cluster analysis pioneered in Gunzburger’s group (Burkardt, Gunzburger & Lee,Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Engng, vol. 196, 2006a, pp. 337–355) and transition matrix models introduced in fluid dynamics in Eckhardt’s group (Schneider, Eckhardt & Vollmer,Phys. Rev. E, vol. 75, 2007, art. 066313). CROM constitutes a potential alternative to POD models and generalises the Ulam–Galerkin method classically used in dynamical systems to determine a finite-rank approximation of the Perron–Frobenius operator. The proposed strategy processes a time-resolved sequence of flow snapshots in two steps. First, the snapshot data are clustered into a small number of representative states, called centroids, in the state space. These centroids partition the state space in complementary non-overlapping regions (centroidal Voronoi cells). Departing from the standard algorithm, the probabilities of the clusters are determined, and the states are sorted by analysis of the transition matrix. Second, the transitions between the states are dynamically modelled using a Markov process. Physical mechanisms are then distilled by a refined analysis of the Markov process, e.g. using finite-time Lyapunov exponent (FTLE) and entropic methods. This CROM framework is applied to the Lorenz attractor (as illustrative example), to velocity fields of the spatially evolving incompressible mixing layer and the three-dimensional turbulent wake of a bluff body. For these examples, CROM is shown to identify non-trivial quasi-attractors and transition processes in an unsupervised manner. CROM has numerous potential applications for the systematic identification of physical mechanisms of complex dynamics, for comparison of flow evolution models, for the identification of precursors to desirable and undesirable events, and for flow control applications exploiting nonlinear actuation dynamics.
Stability and resonant wave interactions of confined two-layer Rayleigh–Bénard systems
Authors: Diwakar S. V. , Tiwari Shaligram , Das Sarit K. , Sundararajan T. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe current work analyses the onset characteristics of Rayleigh–Bénard convection in confined two-dimensional two-layer systems. Owing to the interfacial interactions and the possibilities of convection onset in the individual layers, the two-layer systems typically exhibit diverse excitation modes. While the attributes of these modes range from the non-oscillatory mechanical/thermal couplings to the oscillatory standing/travelling waves, their regimes of occurrence are determined by the numerous system parameters and property ratios. In this regard, the current work aims at characterising their respective influence via methodical linear and fully nonlinear analyses, carried out on fluid systems that have been selected using the concept of balanced contrasts. Consequently, the occurrence of oscillatory modes is found to be associated with certain favourable fluid combinations and interfacial heights. The further branching of oscillatory modes into standing and travelling waves seems to additionally rely on the aspect ratio of the confined cavity. Specifically, the modulated travelling waves have been observed to occur (amidst standing wave modes) at discrete aspect ratios for which the onset of oscillatory convection happens at unequal fluid heights. This behaviour corresponds to the typical $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}m$:$n$ resonance where the critical wavenumbers of convection onset in the layers are dissimilar. Based on all of these observations, an attempt has been made in the present work to identify the oscillatory excitation modes with a reduced number of non-dimensional parameters.
Marowitz Remembered
Authors: Holt Thelma 
Published: August 2014

CHARLES MAROWITZ and I were introduced to each other in the early 1960s when the actor I was playing opposite in a William Saroyan double-bill at the Duke of York's announced he was about to revive his performance of Hamlet, which he had played for Charles in Peter Brook's Theatre of Cruelty season. Charles had seen me in a play at what was the Hampstead Theatre Club where I prophetically played a lion-tamer. Neither of these performances indicated what he saw in me to play Gertrude as a mother merely eight years older than her son, Hamlet.In his flat, the first sight of Charles was forbidding: he was very tall, unhealthily pale with a lot of black hair, a dead ringer in my eyes for Rasputin. He offered me a cup of coffee and, when he went to fetch it from the kitchen, I hastily scanned his bookshelves, to see if they would tell me something about the man. The books were terrifying as he was so obviously very well read in terms theatrical from A to Z, and historically from the beginning of time to contemporary theatre. His smile obliterated the Rasputin impression: it was a wolfish grin. So I slipped into thinking I could play Little Red Riding Hood to his Big Bad Wolf.
Stress, Work Overload, Burnout, and Satisfaction among Paramedics in Israel
Authors: Nirel Nurit , Goldwag Rachel , Feigenberg Zvi , Abadi David , Halpern Pinchas 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIntroduction:The number of paramedics in Israel is increasing. Despite this growth and important role, the emergency medical organizations lack information about the characteristics of their work.Objective:The objective of this study was to examine the characteristics of the paramedics' work, the quality of their working lives, the factors that keep them in the profession, or conversely, draw them away from it.Methods:Cross-sectional study conducted through telephone interviews of a random sample of 50% of the graduates of paramedic courses in Israel (excluding conscripted soldiers).Results:The factors that attract paramedics to the profession have much to do with the essence of the job—rescuing and saving—and a love of what it involves, as well as interest and variety. Pressures at work result from having to cope with a lack of administrative support, paperwork, long hours, imbalance between work and family life, and salary. They do not come from having to cope with responsibility, the pressure of working under uncertain conditions, and the sudden transition from calm situations to emergencies. Dissatisfaction at work is caused by burnout, work overload, and poor health. Physical and mental health that impedes their ability to work is related to a sense of burnout and the intention to change professions.Conclusions:The findings about the relationships between health, job satisfaction, and burnout, coupled with the fact that within a decade, half of the currently employed paramedics will reach an age at which it is hard for them to perform their job, lead to the conclusion that there is a need to reconsider the optimum length of service in the profession. There also is a need to form organizational arrangements to change the work procedures of aging paramedics.