bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BINGEING ON THE BEACH: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION, KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIOUR OF YOUNG BEACHGOERS
Authors: Watt K , Applegarth K , Fischer J , Franklin R , Najman J 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundAlcohol is a known risk factor for drowning and near drowning events in young people. However, very little is known about the alcohol consumption patterns of beachgoers in relation to their beach attendance. Reducing alcohol-related drowning, particularly among 16–35-year-old males, is a priority in both the National Alcohol Strategy 2006–2009 and the Australian Water Safety Strategy 2008–2011.AimsThe purpose of the research was to investigate acute and usual alcohol consumption in young (16–24 years olds) beach goers, in the context of knowledge and attitudes regarding alcohol and water safety.MethodData were collected via face to face interview from 18–24 years old beachgoers at three beaches in South East Queensland over three consecutive weekends (Thurs–Sunday) between 5 am and 7 pm. QLD residents and tourists were recruited. Alcohol consumption was measured via: (1) breathalyser; (2) self-reported alcohol use in 6 and 24 h prior to beach attendance; (3) usual alcohol consumption patterns prior to beach attendance. Participants were also asked about water-safety knowledge and attitudes, and frequency of beach attendance.ResultsOf the 426 participants, a positive BAL (breath alcohol level) was recorded for 7.3% (n=31); 10% (n=43) reported drinking in the 6 h prior to the interview, and 48% in the 24 h prior. Two-thirds of those with a positive BAL demonstrated a BAL>05 (n=20), and 45% had a BAL>1. Of those with a positive BAL or who self-reported drinking in the last 6 h, 69.7% (n=23) reported drinking alcohol within 2 h of swimming at the beach in the last 12 months; this was true for one quarter of the total sample (n=101; 26%). Additional analyses regarding acute and usual alcohol consumption in relation to beach attendance, water-safety attitudes and knowledge were completed.Significance/Contribution to the FieldThis is novel research which will be crucial in developing interventions aimed at reducing drowning and near drowning episodes among young beachgoers.
INNOVATIONS IN CHILD INJURY PREVENTION: EVIDENCE-BASED STRATEGIES THAT ADDRESS FIRE SAFETY FOR YOUNG CHILDREN AND PLAYGROUND SAFETY FOR OLDER CHILDREN
Authors: Morrongiello B 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundUnintentional injury is a leading cause of child mortality, and many of these are preventable events. Innovative approaches that change safety attitudes and/or behaviours are recognised as an important aspect of comprehensive injury prevention programming, especially because some injuries cannot be addressed by implementing modifications to the environment and/or product design.PurposeTo discuss behavioural research evaluating two child injury prevention strategies that have proven successful: (1) an innovative computer game (The Great Escape) that does not require reading skills and aims to improve young children's (2–5 years) fire safety knowledge and behaviours, and (2) theCool 2 Be SafeProgram, which incorporates four strategies that have been shown to reduce children's risky playground behaviours, into one evidence-based programme that aims to reduce fall-risk behaviours on playgrounds among school-age children (6–12 years)andcan successfully be delivered by laypersons in community organisations (eg, schools, daycares) using the training materials provided.MethodsTwo studies will be presented, each using experimental pre–post designs with control groups. Measures assess child knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours.ResultsBoth interventions produced significant results, including: (1) increases in young child fire safety knowledge (p<0.05) and behaviours (p<0.05) and (2) positive changes in school-age children's attitudes and risky playground behaviours (p<0.05).SignificanceDeveloping innovative approaches to attitude/behaviour change that are based on rigorous scientific evaluation is essential to advancing the field of child injury prevention. These two programmes are unique, address important injury issues, and hold promise for reducing the burden of some types of childhood injuries.
RISK OF ASSAULT AMONG EDUCATION SPECIALISTS IN THE UNITED STATES: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY
Authors: Gerberich S , Nachreiner N , Ryan A , Church T , Mongin S 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundSchool violence threatens educators, in addition to students. From initial analyses, education specialists (ES, advanced academic degree training), were identified at high risk for assaults, compared with all other education professionals (OEP) (kindergarten through grade 12: OR 6.35, 95% CI 4.46 to 9.04).Aims/Objectives/PurposeInvestigate assault risks for ES and OEP.MethodsRandomly selected licensed Minnesota educators (n=26 000) were screened by mailed questionnaire; 6469 were eligible (worked in previous year). Phase 1 identified 372 educators reporting student-perpetrated physical assaults in the previous year. Phase 2 (case-control study) identified exposures in the month before assaults (cases) or randomly selected work months for 1116 controls. Confounders were selected for multivariable logistic regression analyses using directed acyclic graphs to examine assault risks for ES and OEP; reweighting adjusted for potential response and unknown eligibility biases.Results/OutcomeIncreased risks (OR, 95% CI) were found for ES:student contact hours(1.2, 1.009 to 1.3per hour); andinadequate school resources(‘always’/'frequently' vs ‘sometimes:’ 3.38, 1.52 to 7.51). Reduced risks were identified for ES: ≥8 vs <8 years of experience as an educator(0.51, 0.27 to 0.95);students assigned(10+ vs <10 years of age: 0.47, 0.26 to 0.84);part-time versus full-timecontract (0.25, 0.11 to 0.59); worked in schools with>1000 vs 501–1000 students(0.37, 0.19 to 0.74).Compared to ES, OEPs had increased risks for:inadequate building safety(‘always’/'frequently' versus ‘sometimes’: (4.82, 2.18 to 10.66); assignedstudents' racial statusdifferent from educator (3.43, 1.99 to 5.91); worked inurban versus suburbanschools (2.49, 1.55 to 4.01).Significance/Contribution to the FieldIdentification of risk differences enables targeted opportunities for interventions essential to educators.
FOOTBALL EVENTS AND THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE DEATHS
Authors: Sanchez AI , Krafty RT , Weiss HB , Puyana JC , Gutierrez MI 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundSporting events are associated with violence, creating societal and healthcare system burdens. However, these associations have not been objectively evaluated in low- and middle-income countries.AimTo determine whether football events were associated with changes in homicide rates in the city of Cali, Colombia, during 2005–2008.MethodsFootball days were those in which the city's professional teams or the national team played nationally or internationally. Daily counts of homicides were obtained from the city's fatal injury surveillance system. Homicide rates were computed using population estimates to adjudicate person-years (PY) of exposure. In stepwise conditional autoregressive negative binomial regressions adjusted for victims' demographics, known socio-political and cultural factors, weekends, holidays, trends, and seasonality, homicide rates during football days were compared against homicide rates during non-football days.ResultsThere were 1352 homicides during 279 football days and 4767 homicides during non-football days (Rate, 82 and 68 per 100 000 PY, respectively, p<0.001). There was an increased risk of homicides during the 182 days of home games (IRR=1.11, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.22) compared to non-football days. There was an increased risk of homicides during the day following the football games (IRR=1.09, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.17) compared to other days. The outcome of the games was not statistically associated with increased homicide rates (IRR=1.07, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.18).SignificanceIn Cali, violence prevention efforts should be increased on days of home games and on the day following the football games. The healthcare system should be prepared these days for increased demands on trauma care to prevent detrimental effects on performance and patient care.
USING ACCESSIBLE COST EFFECTIVE TECHNOLOGY TO SAVE LIVES
Authors: Weir A , Sherker S 
Published: October 2012

Background1. Public safety is an important issue for coastal management and planning.2. Despite continued efforts, coastal drowning continues at unacceptable levels.3. SLS has many systems in place to collect, analyse and communicate information.4. Maintaining this information is very resource intensive.ObjectivesIn order to address these issues SLSA has developed a suite of low cost, high tech, location based tools. These tools are used for a range of applications including, public education, data collection, event risk management and coastal public safety risk assessment.MethodsBeachSafeA website and location based iPhone app containing information on all of Australia's 11 900 beaches. The application is backed by the ABSAMP Database, developed jointly by Prof. Andrew Short (University of Sydney) and SLSA.Event Risk Management ApplicationEvery year SLSA conducts the Australian Surf Life Saving (SLS) Championships This event has more competitors than the Commonwealth Games and is held in the most unpredictable of environments, the beach. SLSA has developed user friendly, guided, risk management tools for the iPad. This application is currently used at the Australian SLS Championships providing real time information on the ever changing risk levels to the event emergency services.Coastal Public Safety Risk Assessment ApplicationSLSA provides commercial risk management services to local government and other organisations as required to mitigate coastal public safety risk. SLSA has developed a ground breaking enterprise tool for this purpose that revolutionises this service. This application allows for the rapid collection of data and instant reporting, as well as validating and updating data in contained in the ABSAMP database.This presentation will illustrate how SLSA is addressing coastal public safety issues using these cost effective and efficient applications.
AGE PATTERN OF DROWNING MORTALITY ACROSS 44 COUNTRIES
Authors: Lu T H 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundDrowning mortality rates varied across age groups and countries because of differential exposure of body of water and activities.ObjectiveTo have a global assessment of problems of drowning deaths, this study aimed to examine the age pattern of drowning mortality across countries.MethodsWe used WHO mortality database of the latest available years to calculate age-specific drowning mortality in each country. To identify the age pattern, 95% CIs of mortality rate was computed to determine if particular age group had significant higher rate. We identified five types of age pattern.ResultsOf 44 countries analysed, seven countries had high rates among children, 12 countries had high rates among elderly, seven countries had higher rates among both children and elderly, 12 countries (all in Eastern Europe) had higher rates among working age and six countries did not have significant high rates among particular age group. Within each age pattern group, huge differences in mortality level and proportions of nature of body of water involved and mechanisms of drowning were found between countries. For example, the mortality rate for children aged 0–4 years was 49.7/100 000 in China but was only 0.8/100 000 in Germany. The percentage of bathtub drowning among elderly aged 65 years or above was 72% in Japan but was only 2% in Finland. For deceased aged 45–64 years, Czech Republic, Finland, Netherland and Taiwan had higher percentage of drowning following fall into natural water than percentage of drowning while in natural water.SignificanceDiverse age pattern drowning mortality rate, drowning mortality level, nature of body of water involved and mechanism of drowning across countries suggest that different strategies should be designed for countries with different geographic environment, climate, and cultural activities.
EVIDENCE-BASED DROWNING AND INJURY PREVENTION: COASTAL PUBLIC SAFETY AT HOT WATER BEACH AND PAKIRI BEACH
Authors: Mulcahy N , Sullivan B 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundSurf Life Saving New Zealand developed a risk assessment programme to help the water safety sector identify high risk locations and resource them accordingly. To date, assessments have been conducted at 110 beaches and recommendations implemented at two sites, Hot Water Beach and Pakiri Beach.Aims/Objectives/PurposeThis programme aims to reduce the incidence of drowning and injury by sharing with decision-makers the most effective safety interventions for a particular site, and encouraging efficient use of limited resources.MethodsThe risk assessments involved the identification of hazards, extraction of information from stakeholders and accumulation of supporting data (eg, incident data). Data was analysed and risk mitigation plans formulated. Stakeholders were brought together to discuss the plans and assist with their implementation. Collaboration has been essential to the programme's success.Results/OutcomesVarious safety interventions were implemented at the sites, including the installation of safety signage and emergency phones, extension of surf lifeguarding services and targeted education. Initial data indicates the evidence-based approach is having a significant impact. The sites will be monitored over the next decade.Significance/Contribution to the FieldAn evidence-based approach to drowning and injury prevention is essential to understand why people continue to drown, and to develop effective risk mitigation. Historically drowning prevention initiatives have been ‘one size fits all’; this programmes site-specific strategy is an innovative approach to drowning prevention.
DIFFERENTIATING PATTERNS OF HEALTH SERVICE USE FOLLOWING SEVERE TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY: AN IDIOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS
Authors: Collie A , Prang K 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundTraumatic Brain Injury (TBI) can result in lifelong physical and behavioural impairments that necessitate long-term access to healthcare services. Provision of health services to those with severe TBI is a major cost for health and injury compensation systems. Statistical trajectory modelling allows differentiation of patterns of health service utilisation (HSU) following TBI.ObjectiveTo differentiate and describe patterns of HSU following severe TBI.MethodDetailed sub-acute HSU data for 316 cases of adult severe TBI (GCS 3–8) was extracted from the injury compensation database of the Transport Accident Commission in Victoria, Australia. Data comprised of monthly observation counts of HSU over the 60-month period post injury. A semi-parametric group-based trajectory analytical technique for longitudinal data was used to identify distinct clusters of participant trajectories.ResultsFour patterns of HSU trajectory were identified. Group 1 (27% of participants) displayed a rapid decrease in HSU in the first 12 months post injury which stabilised to an average of 1–2 services per month thereafter. Group 2 (24%) had a sharp peak in HSU post-injury (25–36 services per month) and a gradual decline over time. Group 3 (32%) displayed a peak in the first months post injury (16–25 services per month), and then a very slow decline. Group 4 (17%) displayed a steady rise from 16 to 36 services per month, and then a gradual decrease in the final 2 years.SignificanceIdiographic analysis of subacute HSU using trajectory modelling allows differentiation of distinct patterns of HSU following severe TBI. Such analysis may aid health system resource planning and management.
EXPLORING PATIENT PERCEPTIONS OF BARRIERS AND FACILITATORS TO RECOVERY FOLLOWING TRAUMA
Authors: Gabbe B , Sleney J , Gosling C , Wilson K , Sutherland A , Hart M , Watterson D , Christie N 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundThe consequences of injury are many, resulting in diverse patient outcomes and recovery experiences. While disability is prevalent post-injury, ‘why’ and ‘how’ patient and system factors interact to impact on patient recovery is not known, and requires a qualitative study approach.Aims/Objectives/PurposeThe aims were to: (i) Explore the individual and societal impacts of trauma experienced by survivors of serious injury; and (ii) Provide evidence of the facilitators and barriers to recovery for trauma survivors.MethodsIn-depth interviews of 120 hospitalised trauma patients were conducted. Participants were recruited from the Victorian Orthopaedic Trauma Outcomes Registry and the Victorian State Trauma Registry in Australia. Purposeful quota sampling was used to ensure a range of ages, and injury severity, with the intention to ensure equal representation by gender and compensation status. The interviews were recorded and transcribed to enable thematic content analysis.Results/OutcomeMost participants reported positive experiences with acute care with most negative experiences related to lack of coordination of post-discharge care, poor communication with health care providers, pain management issues and delays in accessing services. Many experienced some emotional impact from their injury, describing the experience as ‘life changing’. Financial consequences were common, particularly for working age participants. Support of family and friends, and a resilient or positive attitude were considered the most important facilitators of recovery.Significance/Contribution to the FieldThe narratives provided an unparalleled insight into the issues faced by injured participants as they recover, and provide valuable information for informing recommendations for improving trauma care.
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH ONGOING TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY-RELATED SYMPTOMS AMONG FEMALE OFFENDERS
Authors: Pickelsimer E , Ferguson P , Cornelius M 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundOngoing traumatic brain injury (TBI)-related symptoms, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and substance dependency (SuD) can greatly affect an offender's ability to function while incarcerated and upon community reentry.Aims/Objectives/PurposeTo identify factors associated with ongoing TBI-related symptoms among female offenders.Methods275 female offenders were asked whether they experienced any of 19 ongoing symptoms after TBI. Variables (aggression, PTSD, mental health treatment, SuD, childhood victimisation, lack of parental/caregiver support, intimate partner violence, free or reduced lunch (ie, SES proxy) were entered into a Robust Poisson model (p≤0.25) to identify factors associated with having symptoms. Race did not meet criteria for model entry.Results/Outcomes(1) 154 of 275 (56%) offenders reported ongoing TBI-related symptoms. (2) SuD and PTSD were associated with having symptoms. An interaction was found between SuD and PTSD (p=0.0236). (3) An association was further found between females with PTSD and TBI-related symptoms among those without SuD (adjusted prevalence ratio (APR)=2.58; CI 1.49 to 4.45, p=0.0006), but not among those with SuD (APR=1.30; CI 0.98 to 1.73, p=0.0662). (4) Compared to having neither condition, the APR for the association between SuD and TBI-related symptoms was 2.32 (CI 1.34 to 4.01). The APR for the association with TBI-related symptoms among offenders with both SuD and PTSD, compared to having neither, was 3.03 (CI 1.80 to 5.08).Significance/Contribution to the FieldPTSD and SuD are closely associated with ongoing TBI-related symptoms. Treating and managing all three conditions concurrently, as well as prevention efforts, would likely be cost effective and benefit both the female offenders and society.
AN INTERVENTION FOR STUDENTS' BICYCLE INJURY IN MIDDLE SCHOOLS IN RURAL CHINA
Authors: Li-ping L , Yan-ru Y , Yang G , Yao-gui L , Ming-zhi Z , Griffiths S 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundBicycle riding is an important means of transportation by students in rural areas of China. Little intervention research is available on developing injury prevention strategies.Aims/Objectives/PurposeTo explore effective intervention to reduce bicycle injuries in rural middle school students of China.MethodsA one-year cluster-randomized controlled trial was conducted in the grade-one students of six middle schools in two towns in Shantou, China. The two towns were randomly assigned to either intervention or control group. Educational materials and activities were delivered to 1381 students in the intervention group during one interventional year, and the content of intervention included traffic safety knowledge, the method of preventing bicycle injury and how to handle the bicycle injury. Questionnaires were carried out on the two groups before and after the intervention to measure incidence rate and cognitive and behavioral level of bicycle injuries.Results/OutcomesThe pre-intervention incidence of bicycle injuries had no significant difference between the two groups ( χ2 = 2.326,p=0.127 ), while the difference reached significance after intervention ( χ2 = 13.409,p < 0.001 ). In the intervention group, the incidence rate decreased significantly after intervention ( χ2 = 8.137,p = 0.004 ), while no significant change was found in the control group ( χ2 = 0.098,p = 0.755 ) . There was significant difference in the cognitive level of bicycle injuries (p < 0.01 ), with no difference in the behavioral level (p > 0.05 ) before and after intervention In the intervention group.Significance/Contribution to the fieldThe intervention is effective to reduce the incidence of bicycle injuries and improve the students' cognitive level in a short term. Long term effect and the targeted prevention strategies still need further study.
DETERMINANTS OF PARENT PERCEPTIONS OF DANGEROUS TRAFFIC RELATED TO SCHOOL TRAVEL
Authors: Rothman L , Macarthur C , To T , Buliung R , Howard A 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundWalking to/from school is an important source of physical activity for children. Parents' perceptions of dangerous traffic affect whether or not their child walks to/from school. The determinants of parent's perceptions of dangerous traffic are currently unknown.Aims/Objectives/PurposeTo determine which objective measures of the built environment and traffic at elementary schools are related to parent's perceptions of traffic danger.MethodsTrained observers conducted school site surveys, vehicle speed/volume measurements and counts of school transportation modes in Toronto, Canada during school drop-off time. Parent surveys were distributed to grades 4–6 classrooms in 20 schools. Parents rated traffic danger en route to school and at school during drop-off as ‘not dangerous’, or ‘dangerous’. Multivariate cluster analyses were conducted.Results729 parent surveys were returned with approximately ¼ of parents reporting either their child's route to school and/or school drop off time were dangerous. Higher measured car speed was a significant determinant of both dangerous route and drop-off. Parent-reported measure of distance and numbers of roads crossed were significantly related to dangerous route. Both ratings of danger were inversely related to reported walking to/from school.SignificanceCar speed was the only objectively measured built environment feature of the school site related to parent's perceptions of traffic danger. The relationship between features of the larger neighbourhood environment surrounding schools and parent perception of traffic danger requires investigation in order to further determine what influences children walking to school.