bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A dairy and fruit dietary pattern is associated with a reduced likelihood of osteoporosis in Korean postmenopausal women
Authors: Shin Sangah , Joung Hyojee 
Published: April 2013

The aim of the present study was to identify the association of dietary patterns with osteoporosis in Korean postmenopausal women from the Korean Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008–10. The present cross-sectional analysis included 3735 postmenopausal women who completed a health interview, nutrition survey and a health examination including bone mineral density (BMD) measurements. The general characteristics and dietary intakes of the participants were obtained using a standardised questionnaire and a 24 h recall method, respectively. The BMD of the femoral neck and lumbar spine was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; osteoporosis was defined based on the WHO T-score criteria. Overall, we identified four dietary patterns using factor analysis as follows: ‘meat, alcohol and sugar’, ‘vegetables and soya sauce’, ‘white rice, kimchi and seaweed’ and ‘dairy and fruit’, which accounted for 30·9 % of the total variance in food intake (11·3, 7·7, 6·0 and 5·9 %, respectively). The subjects in the highest quintile of the ‘dairy and fruit’ pattern showed a decreased risk of osteoporosis of the lumbar spine (53 %) compared with those in the lowest quintile, after adjusting for covariates (OR 0·47, 95 % CI 0·35, 0·65, P for trend < 0·0001). In contrast, the ‘white rice, kimchi and seaweed’ dietary pattern was negatively associated with bone health (OR 1·40, 95 % CI 1·03, 1·90, P for trend = 0·0479). The present results suggest that an increased intake of dairy foods and fruits in the traditional Korean diet, based on white rice and vegetables, may decrease the risk of osteoporosis in Korean postmenopausal women.
Coenzyme Q10 Regulates Osteoclast and Osteoblast Differentiation
Authors: Moon Ho‐Jin , Ko Wan‐Kyu , Jung Min‐Seo , Kim Jung Ho , Lee Won‐Jun , Park Kyoung‐Sun , Heo Ja‐Kyung , Bang Jae Beum , Kwon Il Keun 
Published: April 2013

Abstract Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), a powerful antioxidant, is a key component in mitochondrial bioenergy transfer, generating energy in the form of ATP. Many studies suggest that antioxidants act as inhibitors of osteoclastogenesis and we also have previously demonstrated the inhibitory effect of CoQ10 on osteoclast differentiation. Despite the significance of this effect, the molecular mechanism when CoQ10 is present at high concentrations in bone remodeling still remains to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of CoQ10 on osteoclastogenesis and its impact on osteoblastogenesis at concentrations ranging from 10 to 100 μM. We found that nontoxic CoQ10 markedly attenuated the formation of receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)‐induced tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)‐positive multinucleated cells in both bone‐marrow‐derived monocytes (BMMs) and RAW 264.7 cells. Osteoclastogenesis with CoQ10 was significantly suppressed the gene expression of NFATc1, TRAP, and osteoclast‐associated immunoglobulin‐like receptor, which are genetic markers of osteoclast differentiation and scavenged intracellular reactive oxygen species, an osteoclast precursor, in a dose‐dependent manner. Furthermore, CoQ10 strongly suppressed H2O2‐induced IκBα, p38 signaling pathways for osteoclastogenesis. In bone formation study, CoQ10 acted to enhance the induction of osteoblastogenic biomarkers including alkaline phosphatase, type 1 collagen, bone sialoprotein, osteoblast‐specific transcription factor Osterix, and Runt‐related transcription factor 2 and, also promoted matrix mineralization by enhancing bone nodule formation in a dose‐dependent manner. Together, CoQ10 acts as an inhibitor of RANKL‐induced osteoclast differentiation and an enhancer of bone‐forming osteoblast differentiation. These findings highlight the potential therapeutic applications of CoQ10 for the treatment of bone disease.
Apolipoprotein A‐IV concentrations and clinical outcomes in haemodialysis patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus – a post hoc analysis of the 4D Study
Authors: Kollerits B. , Krane V. , Drechsler C. , Lamina C. , März W. , Ritz E. , Wanner C. , Kronenberg F. ,   The German Diabetes and Dialysis Study Investigators
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundApolipoprotein A‐IV (apoA‐IV) is an anti‐atherogenic and anti‐oxidative plasma glycoprotein involved in reverse cholesterol transport. The aim of this study was to examine the association between apoA‐IV and all‐cause mortality, cardiovascular endpoints and parameters of protein–energy wasting and nutrition in haemodialysis patients.MethodsThis post hoc analysis was performed in the German Diabetes Dialysis Study (4D Study) evaluating atorvastatin in 1255 haemodialysis patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, followed for a median of 4 years. The association between apoA‐IV and relevant outcomes was analysed using Cox proportional hazards regression analyses. Body mass index (BMI) was used as a marker of protein–energy wasting. In addition, a definition of extended wasting was applied, combining median values of BMI, serum albumin, creatinine and sensitive C‐reactive protein, to classify patients.ResultsMean (±SD) apoA‐IV concentration was 49.8 ± 14.2 mg dL−1. Age‐ and gender‐adjusted apoA‐IV concentrations were strongly associated with the presence of congestive heart failure at baseline [odds ratio = 0.81, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.74–0.88 per 10 mg dL−1 increase; P < 0.001). During the prospective follow‐up, the strongest association was found for all‐cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.89, 95% CI 0.85–0.95, P = 0.001), which was mainly because of patients with BMI > 23 kg m−2 (HR = 0.87, 95% CI 0.82–0.94, P < 0.001) and those in the nonwasting group according to the extended definition (HR = 0.89, 95% CI 0.84–0.96, P = 0.001). This association remained significant after additionally adjusting for parameters associated with apoA‐IV at baseline. Further associations were observed for sudden cardiac death. ApoA‐IV was less strongly associated with atherogenic events such as myocardial infarction.ConclusionsLow apoA‐IV levels seem to be a risk predictor of all‐cause mortality and sudden cardiac death. This association might be modified by nutritional status.
Vagal nerve stimulation protects cardiac injury by attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction in a murine burn injury model
Authors: Lu Xiaojiong , Costantini Todd , Lopez Nicole E. , Wolf Paul L. , Hageny Ann‐Marie , Putnam James , Eliceiri Brian , Coimbra Raul 
Published: April 2013

AbstractMitochondria play a central role in the integration and execution of a wide variety of apoptotic signals. In the present study, we examined the deleterious effects of burn injury on heart tissue. We explored the effects of vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) on cardiac injury in a murine burn injury model, with a focus on the protective effect of VNS on mitochondrial dysfunction in heart tissue. Mice were subjected to a 30% total body surface area, full‐thickness steam burn followed by right cervical VNS for 10 min. and compared to burn alone. A separate group of mice were treated with the M3‐muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M3‐AchR) antagonist 4‐DAMP or phosphatidylinositol 3 Kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002 prior to burn and VNS. Heart tissue samples were collected at 6 and 24 hrs after injury to measure changes in apoptotic signalling pathways. Burn injury caused significant cardiac pathological changes, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, mitochondrial swelling and decrease in myocardial ATP content at 6 and 24 hrs after injury. These changes were significantly attenuated by VNS. VNS inhibited release of pro‐apoptotic protein cytochrome C and apoptosis‐inducing factor from mitochondria to cytosol by increasing the expression of Bcl‐2, and the phosphorylation level of Bad (pBad136) and Akt (pAkt308). These protective changes were blocked by 4‐DAMP or LY294002. We demonstrated that VNS protected against burn injury–induced cardiac injury by attenuating mitochondria dysfunction, likely through the M3‐AchR and the PI3K/Akt signalling pathways.
Anti‐angiogenesis and metastasis: a tumour and stromal cell alliance
Authors: Moserle L. , Casanovas O. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractTumour progression requires the activation of a tumour and stromal cell‐driven angiogenic programme, and the targeting of this process demonstrates an impact on tumour growth and progression. The results of preclinical studies have demonstrated a proinvasive/metastatic effect of antiangiogenic treatments with recent evidence supporting a contribution of the stroma to tumour aggressiveness and the short‐term effects of antivascular endothelial growth factor therapy. Furthermore, hypoxia‐dependent and ‐independent factors are considered as driving forces for tumour cell escape by altering both the tumour cells themselves and the stroma. This tumour–stromal cell alliance should be taken into consideration for the development of innovative therapeutic options targeting both tumour components to improve clinical benefits for cancer patients.
Opioid use for noncancer pain and risk of myocardial infarction amongst adults
Authors: Li L. , Setoguchi S. , Cabral H. , Jick S. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundsWith increasing use of opioids for chronic noncancer pain comes concern about safety of this class of drugs. Opioid‐induced hypogonadism, which could increase the risk for myocardial infarction (MI), has recently come to the attention of clinicians. To evaluate this concern we examined the association between opioid use for noncancer pain and risk of MI amongst adults.MethodsWe conducted a nested case‐control study using the UK General Practice Research Database. Amongst 1.7 million opioid users during 1990–2008, we identified 11 693 incident MI cases aged 18–80 years, and randomly selected up to four controls matched by age, gender, index date (date of onset symptoms or diagnosis of first‐ever MI) and general practice via risk‐set sampling. Cases and controls were required to have no cancer and no major risk factors for MI before the index date. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated from conditional logistic regression.ResultsCompared with nonuse, current use of opioids was associated with a 1.28‐fold (95% CI 1.19–1.37) risk of MI. Cumulative use of opioids with 11–50 (OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.28–1.49) or > 50 (OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.11–1.40) prescriptions, was also marginally associated with increased risk of MI. The risk was particularly increased in users of morphine (OR = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.09–2.68), meperidine (OR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.24–3.74) and polytherapy (OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.22–1.76).ConclusionsCurrent use of any opioids and cumulative use of 11 or more prescriptions are associated with a small increased risk for MI compared to nonuse and the risk was greater in morphine, meperidine and polytherapy users. Residual confounding, particularly confounding by indication, should be considered in interpreting our results.
Pathophysiology of heparan sulphate: many diseases, few drugs
Authors: Lindahl U. , Kjellén L. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractHeparan sulphate (HS) polysaccharides are covalently attached to the core proteins of various proteoglycans at cell surfaces and in the extracellular matrix. They are composed of alternating units of hexuronic acid and glucosamine, with sulphate substituents in complex and variable yet cell‐specific patterns. Whereas HS is produced by virtually all cells in the body, heparin, a highly sulphated HS variant, is confined to connective‐tissue‐type mast cells. The polysaccharides interact with a multitude of proteins, mainly through ionic binding, and thereby control key processes in development and homoeostasis. Similar interactions also implicate HS in various pathophysiological settings, including cancer, amyloid diseases, infectious diseases, inflammatory conditions and some developmental disorders. Prospects for the development of HS‐based drugs, which are still largely unrealized, are discussed.
Thick-skinned thrusting in the northern Tien Shan foreland, Kazakhstan: structural inheritance and polyphase deformation
Authors: Kober Martin , Seib Nadine , Kley Jonas , Voigt Thomas 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
The northern front of the Cenozoic Tien Shan mountains in Kazakhstan comprises east- to NE-trending thrust-related basement uplifts. Some of these are open, asymmetric anticlines, whereas others are fault-bounded blocks. Where emergent and exposed, the bounding faults dip steeply at 45–70°. Large-wavelength open folds in the Cenozoic cover also overlie basement structures. The Palaeozoic basement of volcanic, (meta-) sedimentary and granitic rocks contains older structures such as folds, slaty cleavage, faults and dykes. Some Cenozoic faults truncate all earlier structures, just as some Cenozoic folds are independent of the attitudes of underlying stratified basement rocks. The strongest control on the Cenozoic structure is exerted by steep, NW-striking basement faults that induce along-strike segmentation and lateral terminations of some basement ridges. A few of these basement faults had already been reactivated as normal faults during a Cenozoic phase of east–west extension that preceded folding and thrusting. Some normal faults show reactivation as dextral strike-slip faults during the contractional phase, which is still active today. Since the NE to east trend of the main basement ranges has no obvious precursor structures, we interpret the thick-skinned structures to essentially reflect the modern shortening direction, modulated but not dominated by pre-existing basement faults. Variations in local kinematics over time are probably due to strain partitioning in the anisotropic basement, not to changing far-field stresses. The occurrence of steep dip-slip reverse faults apparently unrelated to reactivation presents an unsolved mechanical paradox similar to some low-angle normal faults.
Determination of Patient Preference for Location of Elective Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Surgery
Authors: Landau John H. , Novick Teresa V. , Dubois Luc , Power Adam H. , Harris Jeremy R. , DeRose Guy , Forbes Thomas L. 
Published: April 2013

Objective: Aneurysm repair is centralized in higher volume centers resulting in reduced mortality, with longer travel distances. The purpose of this study is to explore patients’ preference between local care versus longer distances and lower mortality rates. Methods: Patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) measuring 4 to 5 cm and living at least a 1-hour drive from our hospital were asked to assume it had grown to 5.5 cm, and repair was recommended with a mortality risk of 2%. The level of additional risk they would accept to undergo surgery locally was determined. Results: A total of 67 patients were surveyed. If mortality risk was equivalent at the local and regional hospitals, 44% preferred care at our tertiary center, while 56% preferred surgery locally. If perioperative mortality was increased at the local hospital, 9% preferred local surgery. Conclusions: The vast majority of patients with AAA will accept longer travel distances for care as long as it results in a reduction in perioperative mortality.
A realist logic model of the links between nurse staffing and the outcomes of nursing
Authors: Subirana Mireia , Long Andrew , Greenhalgh Joanne , Firth Jill 
Published: April 2013

Background: There has been a long-standing debate over the definition and nature of the quality of healthcare and factors that influence and enhance quality. Within nursing, the challenge is to identify the outcomes that are measurable and amenable to change as a result of nursing care. Arising originally from concerns over potential nurse staffing shortages and nurse retention within the United States, an extensive literature has developed in the acute sector, exploring nurse staffing and its consequences. All of these studies raise the generic question of what potential causal mechanisms might link nurse staffing levels and skill mix to issues of patient safety and outcome. Objectives: To generate a tentative logic model to understand existing findings and to elucidate possible ways in which nurse staffing and skill mix may affect patient and nurse outcomes. Methods: This study was grounded within the principles of realist evaluation, realist review and logic modelling. The existing literature was reviewed to bring to light the underlying rationale suggested by the authors of this study on how nursing care might affect patient outcomes. A step-by-step process was followed to demonstrate the generation of a tentative logic model of how nurse staffing might influence patient, and nursing, outcomes. Results: The final logic model depicts staffing adequacy as having a complex link with patient outcomes. This is mediated at a general level through factors in the process of care (for example, nurse surveillance, clinical judgement, level of education, level of nurse training and length of nursing experience) and tasks left undone. These operate in conjunction with working with other nurses who are clinically competent, having good nurse–physician relationships and communication, supportive nurse manager/supervisor and good teamwork. Conclusions: This study extends the understanding of the mechanisms through which nurse staffing levels may result in adverse patient outcomes in the acute sector. Key intervening variables are the application of nurse intuition, operation of clinical judgement and missed nursing care/tasks left undone. The tentative logic model can be used to draw up areas and hypotheses to guide the direction of future research and to aid interpretation of existing research.
Fit for the future? The place of global health in the UK's postgraduate medical training: a review
Authors: Hall Ja , Brown Cs , Pettigrew L , Malik Anj , Watson J , Topiwala A , Mcgregor L , Ramsay R 
Published: April 2013

Objectives That health is now global is increasingly accepted. However,a'mismatch between present professional competencies and the requirements of an increasingly interdependent world' has been identified. Postgraduate training should take account of the increasingly global nature of health; this paper examines the extent to which they currently do. Design Trainees across 11 medical specialties reviewed the content of their postgraduate curriculum. Setting Not relevant. Partcipants None. Main outcome measures Competencies were coded as ‘UK' (statement only relevant to UK work), ‘global' (statement with an explicit reference to aspects of health outside the UK) or generic (relevant both to the UK and international settings). Results Six of the 11 curricula reviewed contained global health competencies. These covered the global burden or determinants of disease and appropriate policy responses. Only one College required trainees to ‘be aware of the World Health Organization', or ‘know the local, national and international structures for health care'. These cross-cutting competencies have applicability to all specialties. All 11 curricula contained generic competencies where a global health perspective and/or experience could be advantageous, e.g. caring for migrant or culturally different patients. Conclusion Trainees in all specialties should achieve a minimum requirement of global health awareness. This can be achieved through a small number of common competencies that are consistent across core curricula. These should lead on from equivalent undergraduate
The large ectodomains of CD45 and CD148 regulate their segregation from and inhibition of ligated T-cell receptor
Authors: Cordoba Shaun-Paul , Choudhuri Kaushik , Zhang Hao , Bridge Marcus , Basat Alp Bugra , Dustin Michael L. , van der Merwe P. Anton 
Published: April 2013

Key PointsThe large extracellular domains of the tyrosine phosphatases CD45 and CD148 prevent them from inhibiting T-cell receptor triggering. These domains are required for optimal segregation from the engaged T-cell receptor, supporting the kinetic-segregation model of triggering.
Prevalence of reactive attachment disorder in a deprived
population
Authors: Minnis Helen , Macmillan Susan , Pritchett Rachel , Young David , Wallace Brenda , Butcher John , Sim Fiona , Baynham Katie , Davidson Claire , Gillberg Christopher 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundReactive attachment disorder (RAD) is associated with early childhood
maltreatment and has unknown population prevalence beyond infancy.AimsTo estimate RAD prevalence in a deprived population of children.MethodAll 1646 children aged 6-8 years old in a deprived sector of an urban UK
centre were screened for RAD symptoms. Parents of high and low scorers
were interviewed using semi-structured interviews probing for
psychopathology and individuals likely to have RAD were offered
face-to-face assessment.ResultsQuestionnaire data were available from 92.8% of teachers and 65.8% of
parents. Assessments were conducted with 50% of those invited and missing
data were imputed - based on the baseline data - for the rest. We
calculated that there would be 23 children with definite RAD diagnoses,
suggesting that the prevalence of RAD in this population was 1.40% (95%
CI 0.94-2.10).ConclusionsIn this deprived general population, RAD was not rare.
Comparison of adverse effects between lingual and labial orthodontic treatment: A systematic review
Authors: Long Hu , Zhou Yang , Pyakurel Ujjwal , Liao Lina , Jian Fan , Xue Junjie , Ye Niansong , Yang Xin , Wang Yan , Lai Wenli 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTObjective:To compare adverse effects between labial and lingual orthodontic treatments through a systematic review of the literature.Materials and Methods:The protocol of this systematic review (CRD42012002455) was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). An electronic search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CENTRAL, SIGLE, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, and ClinicalTrial.gov for articles published between January 1980 and December 2012. Primary outcomes included pain and caries; secondary outcomes were eating difficulty, speech difficulty, oral hygiene, and treatment duration. Meta-analyses were conducted in Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 2.2.064.Results:Six studies were included, two randomized controlled trials and four clinical controlled trials; of these, four were medium quality and two were low quality in terms of the risk of bias. Five of the six outcomes were evaluated in the included studies, and treatment duration was not; pain, eating difficulty, speech difficulty were statistically pooled. Meta-analysis revealed that the pooled odds ratios were 1.20 (95% confidence interval [CI]  =  0.30–4.87) for overall pain, 32.24 (95% CI  =  14.13–73.55) for pain in tongue, 0.08 (95% CI  =  0.04–0.18) for pain in cheek, 0.11 (95% CI  =  0.03–0.42) for pain in lip, 3.59 (95% CI  =  1.85–6.99) for eating difficulty, and 8.61 (95% CI  =  3.55–20.89) for speech difficulty. Sensitivity analysis showed consistent results except for eating difficulty. No publication bias was detected.Conclusions:The likelihood of overall pain was similar between the two modalities. Patients who underwent lingual orthodontic treatment were more likely to suffer from pain in the tongue and less likely to suffer from pain in the cheek and lip. Lingual orthodontic treatment increased the likelihood of speech difficulty. Eating difficulty, oral hygiene, caries, and treatment duration could not be compared in this systematic review.