bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seroprevalence of immunity to hepatitis A and hepatitis B among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) attending sexual health clinics in London and Leeds, England, 2017–2018
Authors: Roche Rachel , Simmons Ruth , Allen Hester , Glancy Megan , Balan Anca-Maria , Bolea Maria , Harris Ross , Desai Monica , Mohammed Hamish , Sabin Caroline , Ijaz Samreen , Mandal Sema 
Published: June 2024

ObjectivesAlthough hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) immunisation is recommended in the UK for gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM), data on immunisation coverage are limited. We aimed to determine the seroprevalence of HAV and HBV immunity among a sample of GBMSM attending sexual health services (SHS) in England.MethodsResidual serum samples from HIV/syphilis testing for adult GBMSM attending eight SHS in London and one in Leeds were tested for markers of HAV immunity (HAV IgG) and HBV immunity (anti-HBs) using an unlinked anonymous approach. We estimated seroprevalence of HAV and HBV immunity overall and stratified by individuals’ characteristics, which we obtained from the Genitourinary Medicine Clinic Activity Dataset Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) Surveillance System. We used logistic regression to calculate crude and adjusted ORs between seropositivity and demographic and clinical characteristics.ResultsSeroprevalence of immunity to HAV (74.5% of 2577) and HBV (77.1% of 2551) was high. In adjusted analysis, HAV IgG seroprevalence varied by clinic and WHO region of birth (global p<0.001 for each), increased with older age (ORs of 1.50 (95% CI 1.18 to 1.86), 2.91 (2.17 to 3.90) and 3.40 (2.44 to 4.75) for ages 26–35, 36–45 and >46 vs 18–25 years (global p<0.001), was higher in those with an STI in the past year (1.58 (1.25 to 2.00); p<0.001) and those who were living with HIV (1.82 (1.25 to 2.64); p<0.001). Anti-HBs seroprevalence varied by clinic (global p<0.001), increased with older age (global p<0.001) and was higher in those with an STI in the past year (1.61 (1.27 to 2.05); p<0.001).ConclusionOur findings provide a baseline seroprevalence from which to monitor serial levels of immunity to HBV and HAV in GBMSM accessing SHS. Levels of immunity for both viruses are high, noting samples were taken after recent widespread outbreaks and vaccination campaigns. High vaccine coverage in all GBMSM should be maintained to prevent further outbreaks.
ChatGPT as a tool to improve access to knowledge on sexually transmitted infections
Authors: Koh Matthew Chung Yi , Ngiam Jinghao Nicholas , Tambyah Paul Anantharajah , Archuleta Sophia 
Published: June 2024

ObjectivesSpecific to sexual health, individuals in need of information may be adolescents who have limited ability to formally access healthcare. These digital natives may turn to ChatGPT to address their concerns on sexually transmitted infections (STI). We sought to evaluate the veracity of ChatGPT’s responses to commonly asked questions on STIs.MethodsWe instructed ChatGPT (GPT 3.5) to answer STI questions from three domains, namely, (1) general risk factors for STIs, (2) access to care and diagnosis of STIs and (3) management of STIs and postexposure prophylaxis. The responses were recorded and checked against the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention STI Treatment Guidelines 2021.ResultsOverall, the responses were concise and accurate. In terms of prevention, ChatGPT could also recommend measures like safe sex practices and human papillomavirus vaccination. However, it failed to recommend HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis. When an individual expressed a symptom that could potentially represent STI (eg, dyspareunia) ChatGPT appropriately provided reassurance that other possibilities exist, but advocated for testing. In terms of treatment, ChatGPT consistently communicated the importance of partner testing and follow-up testing, but at times, failed to highlight the importance of testing for other STIs. Overall, the advice given was not tailored to the specific individual’s circumstances.ConclusionsChatGPT can provide helpful information regarding STIs, but the advice lacks specificity and requires a human physician to fine-tune. Its ubiquity may make it a useful adjunct to sexual health clinics, to improve knowledge and access to care.
Healthy lifestyles are associated with alleviating the single-nucleotide polymorphism-based genetic risks of ischaemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage and myocardial infarction
Authors: Wang Jingru , Liu Zhenqiu , Hu Chengxin , Zhao Renjia , Zhu Dongliang , Xie Yijing , Zhang Pengyan , Cui Mei , Xu Kelin , Zhao Genming , Jin Li , Chen Xingdong , Suo Chen , Jiang Yanfeng 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundBoth genetic and lifestyle factors contribute to myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke, including ischaemic stroke (IS) and intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). We explored how and the extent to which a healthy lifestyle, by considering a comprehensive list, could counteract the genetic risk of those diseases, respectively.Methods315 044 participants free of stroke and MI at baseline were identified from the UK Biobank. Genetic risk scores (GRS) for those diseases were constructed separately and categorised as low, intermediate and high by tertile. Lifestyle risk scores (LRS) were constructed separately using smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, dietary patterns and sleep patterns. Similarly, participants were categorised into low, intermediate and high LRS. The data were analysed using Cox proportional hazard models.ResultsOver a median follow-up of 12.8 years, 4642, 1046 and 9485 participants developed IS, ICH and MI, respectively. Compared with participants with low levels of GRS and LRS, the HRs of those with high levels of GRS and LRS were 3.45 (95% CI 2.71 to 4.41), 2.32 (95% CI 1.40 to 3.85) and 4.89 (95% CI 4.16 to 5.75) for IS, ICH and MI, respectively. Moreover, among participants with high GRS, the standardised 14-year rates of IS events were 4.40% (95% CI 3.45% to 5.36%) among those with high LRS. In contrast, it is only 1.78% (95% CI 1.63% to 1.94%) among those with low LRS. Similarly for MI, the high LRS group had standardised rates of 8.60% (95% CI 7.38% to 9.81%), compared with 3.34% (95% CI 3.12% to 3.56%) in low LRS. Among the high genetic risk group of ICH, the rate is reduced by about half compared low LRS to high LRS, although the rate was low for both (0.36% (95% CI 0.31% to 0.42%) and 0.71% (95% CI 0.36% to 1.05%), respectively).ConclusionHealthy lifestyles were substantially associated with a reduction in the risk of IS, ICH and MI and attenuated the genetic risk of IS, ICH and MI by at least half, respectively.
Mortality burden from variation in provision of surgical care in emergency general surgery: a cohort study using the National Inpatient Sample
Authors: Ho Vanessa P , Towe Christopher W , Bensken Wyatt P , Pfoh Elizabeth , Dalton Jarrod , Connors Alfred F , Claridge Jeffrey A , Perzynski Adam T 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundThe decision to undertake a surgical intervention for an emergency general surgery (EGS) condition (appendicitis, diverticulitis, cholecystitis, hernia, peptic ulcer, bowel obstruction, ischemic bowel) involves a complex consideration of factors, particularly in older adults. We hypothesized that identifying variability in the application of operative management could highlight a potential pathway to improve patient survival and outcomes.MethodsWe included adults aged 65+ years with an EGS condition from the 2016–2017 National Inpatient Sample. Operative management was determined from procedure codes. Each patient was assigned a propensity score (PS) for the likelihood of undergoing an operation, modeled from patient and hospital factors: EGS diagnosis, age, gender, race, presence of shock, comorbidities, and hospital EGS volumes. Low and high probability for surgery was defined using a PS cut-off of 0.5. We identified two model-concordant groups (no surgery-low probability, surgery-high probability) and two model-discordant groups (no surgery-high probability, surgery-low probability). Logistic regression estimated the adjusted OR (AOR) of in-hospital mortality for each group.ResultsOf 375 546 admissions, 21.2% underwent surgery. Model-discordant care occurred in 14.6%; 5.9% had no surgery despite a high PS and 8.7% received surgery with low PS. In the adjusted regression, model-discordant care was associated with significantly increased mortality: no surgery-high probability AOR 2.06 (1.86 to 2.27), surgery-low probability AOR 1.57 (1.49 to 1.65). Model-concordant care showed a protective effect against mortality (AOR 0.83, 0.74 to 0.92).ConclusionsNearly one in seven EGS patients received model-discordant care, which was associated with higher mortality. Our study suggests that streamlined treatment protocols can be applied in EGS patients as a means to save lives.Level of evidenceIII.
Modifying a mini drone for remote drug delivery for wildlife medicine
Authors: Yindee Marnoch , Khumngoen Patcharapol , Manatchaiworakul Wallaya , Wongtawan Tuempong 
Published: June 2024

Remote drug delivery is an essential tool for administering medication to wildlife. However, the conventional method, the dart gun, has limitations in terms of injection distance, posing risks for operators. This study aimed to modify a mini drone equipped with a dart syringe and delivery system for use with large wildlife. A commercial mini drone was modified to release a syringe dart using a vertical gravity-based delivery system. The performance of the drone and delivery system was evaluated based on accuracy to the target and penetration ability through pig skin. The evaluation compared a dart with or without a plastic shell, with tests conducted both indoors and outdoors. The results indicated that the higher the drone’s flight, the more the dart tended to deviate from the target. In outdoor tests, a syringe dart without a shell showed greater accuracy than a dart with a shell. Regarding penetration ability, only a dart without a shell had a 100% success rate at a maximum height of 5 m, with an overall statistical difference ( P = 0.01). In conclusion, this study represents the first scientific validation of using mini drones for remote drug injections that could be used in large wildlife medicine.
Analyzing user reactions using relevance between location information of tweets and news articles
Authors: Jin Yun-Tae , You JaeBeom , Wakamiya Shoko , Kwon Hyuk-Yoon 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this study, we analyze the extent of user reactions based on user’s tweets to news articles, demonstrating the potential for home location prediction. To achieve this, we quantify users’ reactions to specific news articles based on the textual similarity between tweets and news articles, showcasing that users’ reactions to news articles about their cities are significantly higher than those about other cities. To maximize the difference in reactions, we introduce the concept of News Distinctness, which highlights the news articles that affect a specific location. By incorporating News Distinctness with users’ reactions to the news, we magnify its effects. Through experiments conducted with tweets collected from users whose home locations are in five representative cities within the United States and news articles describing events occurring in those cities, we observed a 6.75% to 40% improvement in the reaction score when compared to the average reactions towards news for outside of home location, clearly predicting the home location. Furthermore, News Distinctness increases the difference in reaction score between news in the home location and the average of the news outside of the home location by 12% to 194%. These results demonstrate that our proposed idea can be utilized to predict the users’ location, potentially recommending meaningful information based on the users’ areas of interest.
Vertical Interconnections by Electroless Pd Atoms on Immersion Au Surface for Heterogeneous Integration
Authors: Shih Po-Shao , Huang Jeng-Hau , Gräfner Simon Johannes , Kao Chin-Li , Lin Yung-Sheng , Hung Yun-Ching , Kao C. R. 
Published: June 2024

Electroless Pd atoms were employed to bond vertical interconnection for chip-stacking applications without pressure and at a temperature below 100 °C. Vertical interconnections were created by channeling an electroless Pd plating solution through microchannels, enabling the reduced Pd atoms to assemble naturally within the gaps between two opposing Cu pillars. Notably, the Pd deposition resulted in epitaxial growth along the orientation of the Cu pillar surface, suggesting improved electrical properties for future high-frequency applications. In this study, highly uniform electroless Pd-bonded Cu pillar joints were fabricated using a patterned microfluidic system. The required bonding time was significantly correlated with the plating temperature. Furthermore, the electroless Pd-bonded joints exhibit a robust strength of approximately 55 MPa. Pd exhibits greater skin depth than other plating materials, which helps reduce signal loss and latency during high-frequency signal transmission. This innovative approach offers promise as a potential candidate for future 5G applications requiring low bonding stress and minimal thermal budget.
Multistate Gene Cluster Switches Determine the Adaptive Mitochondrial and Metabolic Landscape of Breast Cancer
Authors: Menegollo Michela , Bentham Robert B. , Henriques Tiago , Ng Seow Q. , Ren Ziyu , Esculier Clarinde , Agarwal Sia , Tong Emily T.Y. , Lo Clement , Ilangovan Sanjana , Szabadkai Zorka , Suman Matteo , Patani Neill , Ghanate Avinash , Bryson Kevin , Stein Robert C. , Yuneva Mariia , Szabadkai Gyorgy 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Adaptive metabolic switches are proposed to underlie conversions between cellular states during normal development as well as in cancer evolution. Metabolic adaptations represent important therapeutic targets in tumors, highlighting the need to characterize the full spectrum, characteristics, and regulation of the metabolic switches. To investigate the hypothesis that metabolic switches associated with specific metabolic states can be recognized by locating large alternating gene expression patterns, we developed a method to identify interspersed gene sets by massive correlated biclustering and to predict their metabolic wiring. Testing the method on breast cancer transcriptome datasets revealed a series of gene sets with switch-like behavior that could be used to predict mitochondrial content, metabolic activity, and central carbon flux in tumors. The predictions were experimentally validated by bioenergetic profiling and metabolic flux analysis of 13C-labeled substrates. The metabolic switch positions also distinguished between cellular states, correlating with tumor pathology, prognosis, and chemosensitivity. The method is applicable to any large and heterogeneous transcriptome dataset to discover metabolic and associated pathophysiological states.
Significance: A method for identifying the transcriptomic signatures of metabolic switches underlying divergent routes of cellular transformation stratifies breast cancer into metabolic subtypes, predicting their biology, architecture, and clinical outcome.
Patterns of Aneuploidy and Signaling Consequences in Cancer
Authors: Zhakula-Kostadinova Nadja , Taylor Alison M. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Aneuploidy, or a change in the number of whole chromosomes or chromosome arms, is a near-universal feature of cancer. Chromosomes affected by aneuploidy are not random, with observed cancer-specific and tissue-specific patterns. Recent advances in genome engineering methods have allowed the creation of models with targeted aneuploidy events. These models can be used to uncover the downstream effects of individual aneuploidies on cancer phenotypes including proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, and immune signaling. Here, we review the current state of research into the patterns of aneuploidy in cancer and their impact on signaling pathways and biological processes.
Combination Targeted Therapy with Pembrolizumab and Lenvatinib in Progressive, Radioiodine-Refractory Differentiated Thyroid Cancers
Authors: French Jena D. , Haugen Bryan R. , Worden Francis P. , Bowles Daniel W. , Gianoukakis Andrew G. , Konda Bhavana , Dadu Ramona , Sherman Eric J. , McCue Shaylene , Foster Nathan R. , Nikiforov Yuri E. , Farias Ticiana D.J. , Norman Paul J. , Wirth Lori J. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
Lenvatinib, a potent multikinase inhibitor, improves progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with radioiodine (RAI)-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer; however, most patients experience disease progression, warranting further therapy. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab in these patients.

Patients and Methods:
We enrolled patients with progressive, RAI-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer who were either naïve to multikinase inhibitors (cohort 1) or who had progressed on lenvatinib (cohort 2). Patients received oral lenvatinib daily (cohort 1, 20 mg; cohort 2, dose at progression) and intravenous pembrolizumab (200 mg) every 21 days.

Results:
In cohorts 1 and 2, 30 and 27 patients were enrolled, respectively. Adverse events were consistent with those observed in other cancers. In cohort 1, the confirmed overall response rate was 65.5%. There were no complete responses (primary endpoint). The 12- and 18-month PFS were 72.0% and 58.0%, respectively, and the median PFS was 26.8 months. In cohort 2, the confirmed overall response rate was 16% (primary endpoint), and the median PFS was 10.0 months (95% confidence interval, 7.0–17.9 months). Tumor histology, driver mutations, and immune-related biomarkers, including PD-L1 expression, thyroid-specific antibody levels, and CD8+ T-cell tumor infiltrate, did not correlate with response to therapy. Increased baseline peripheral blood monocytes and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio were associated with a worse PFS in cohort 1.

Conclusions:
Lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab may enhance the durability of lenvatinib monotherapy in lenvatinib-naïve patients. Furthermore, the addition of pembrolizumab may be a viable salvage therapy for patients who have progressed on lenvatinib.
Long-Term Follow-up of Levonorgestrel Intrauterine Device for Atypical Hyperplasia and Early Endometrial Cancer Reveals Relapse Characterized by Immune Exhaustion
Authors: Bowen Mikayla B. , Melendez Brenda , Zhang Qian , Yang Richard K. , Fellman Bryan M. , Lawson Barrett C. , Adjei Naomi N. , Celestino Joseph , Wani Khalida M. , Singh Bhavana , Urbauer Diana L. , Lazar Alexander J. , Lu Karen H. , Wargo Jennifer A. , Westin Shannon N. , Yates Melinda S. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
Nonsurgical treatment options are increasingly needed for endometrial atypical hyperplasia (AH) and endometrioid endometrial cancer (EEC). Despite promising initial response rates, prospective long-term data and determinants for relapse are limited.

Materials and Methods:
Follow-up data from patients in our prospective phase II trial of levonorgestrel intrauterine device (LIUD) for AH/G1EEC were collected from medical records. Spatial transcriptomics (Nanostring GeoMX digital spatial profiling) with in silico cell type deconvolution and pathway analyses were employed on longitudinal biopsy samples from five patients across pre-treatment, on-treatment, and relapse.

Results:
Of 43 participants exhibiting initial response to LIUD, 41 had follow-up data. Sixteen (39%) experienced relapse. Clinical factors associated with shorter response duration included younger age, initial diagnosis of G1EEC, lack of response at 6 months, premenopausal status, and Hispanic ethnicity (P &lt; 0.05), but only 6-month response status remained a significant predictor in a multivariate model (P = 0.023). LIUD increased abundance of NK cells (ΔMCP-counter score = 46.13, FDR = 0.004) and cytotoxic lymphocytes (ΔMCP-counter score = 277.67, FDR = 0.004), as well as lymphocyte cytotoxicity markers PRF1 (log2FC = 1.62, FDR = 0.025) and GZMA (log2FC = 2.47, FDR = 0.008). NK cells were reduced at relapse (ΔMCP-counter score = −55.96, FDR = 0.02). Immune-related pathways (IFNα response and TGFβ signaling) were enriched at relapse (FDR &lt; 0.05). IDO1 expression, reflecting immune exhaustion, was upregulated at relapse (FDR &lt; 0.05).

Conclusions:
Upfront resistance and relapse after initial response to LIUD for AH/G1EEC impacts nearly half of patients, remaining a major hurdle for nonsurgical treatment of AH/G1EEC. Molecular studies evaluating longitudinal biopsies from a small cohort implicate immune mechanisms at relapse, including reversal of progestin-related immunomodulation and increased immune exhaustion.
See related commentary by Johannet and Friedman, p. 5001
Playing Russian Roulette: Parent and Adolescent Perspectives on Tumor Surveillance for Adolescents with Cancer Predisposition Syndromes
Authors: Elias Rachel , Blake Alise , Dean Lori , Flynn Jessica S. , Sachner Leila , Harrison Lynn , McGee Rose B. , Nichols Kim E. , Howard Sharp Katianne M. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
Cancer predisposition syndrome (CPS) surveillance allows for the early detection and treatment of neoplasms; however, the psychosocial impact of tumor surveillance is poorly understood for cancer-affected adolescents with CPS and their parents. To gain further insight, we qualitatively characterized the affective and cognitive experience of adolescents undergoing tumor surveillance.

Experimental Design:
Adolescents with a history of cancer and their parents independently completed semistructured interviews querying their experience with the adolescent’s tumor surveillance. Interviews were coded using emotion coding and content analysis before developing themes using thematic analysis.

Results:
Eight adolescents and 11 parents (seven mothers, four fathers) completed interviews. Parent themes included maternal anxiety, relief following surveillance, fathers’ positive expectations and emotions surrounding surveillance results, coping strategies, and perception of going through surveillance together with their child. Adolescent themes included normalization of surveillance, indifference about surveillance but excitement to return to the hospital, focus on physical and logistic aspects, relief focused on being done with scans, and belief that outcomes would be good. Past scans/surveillance experiences influencing surveillance feelings were a theme across both parents and adolescents.

Conclusions:
Our findings suggest that tumor surveillance is not causing marked emotional distress for cancer-affected adolescents with CPS. In contrast, mothers of cancer-affected adolescents undergoing surveillance may present with anxiety leading up to tumor surveillance and, for a subset, in between surveillance appointments. These observations highlight a need for ongoing psychosocial screening for families of children with CPS and a role for psychosocial providers in the multidisciplinary management of CPS.
Interidentidades portuguesas em O Esplendor de Portugal, de António Lobo Antunes
Authors: Cruz Kairo Lazarini da 
Published: June 2024

This work aims to analyze the novel O Esplendor de Portugal (1997), by António Lobo Antunes, from a postcolonial perspective. From the notion of interidentity (interidentities) articulated by Boaventura de Sousa Santos (2003), according to which the “self-representation of the Portuguese colonizer creates a chaotic disjunction between the subject and the object of colonial representation” (Santos, 2003 , p. 25), I try to understand how the evocation of the geographic, family and identity breakdown experienced by the characters Isilda, Carlos, Rui and Clarisse, Portuguese settlers in Africa in the context of the Angolan Civil War (1975-2002), prefigure, metonymically, interidentity that created the ironic subversion of the symbolic systems of representation of the colonial ethos of the “Portuguese Empire” echoed in the family microcosm, and, in this way, created under suspicion the notion of “splendor of Portugal ” popularized by the official historiography of the Portuguese Estado Novo (1933-1974).