bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Material eco-efficiency indicators for Brazilian buildings
Authors: Ruschi Mendes Saade Marcella , G. da Silva Maristela , Gomes Vanessa , Gumez Franco Hawllynsgton , Schwamback Dimaghi , Lavor Blandina 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to propose a set of lifecycle-based indicators to describe material eco-efficiency of buildings normalized per unit of gross floor area (GFA), and at verifying feasibility of their calculation for building materials and components, based upon four case studies. The paper also examines the effects that discrepancies between two carbon footprint accounting methods (embodied CO2 (ECO2) vs embodied CO2e) have on communication of environmental performance of selected materials.

Design/methodology/approach
– The lifecycle assessments (LCAs) were performed through LCA support platform SimaPro 7.3. Data for materials/components production cycle modeling were collected from primary and secondary data from national literature or adapted from Ecoinvent database. Embodied energy, ECO2, blue water footprint (bWF), non-renewable content and volatile organic compound emissions (VOCe) indicators were calculated from lifecycle inventory (LCI) outputs, while embodied CO2e was calculated using CML 2001 v.2.01 impact assessment method.

Findings
– Obtained results suggest that a core database comprised of 12 materials and components – cement, ceramic blocks, steel rebar, sawn timber planks, PVC tubes, plywood, PVC conduits, roof steel structure, roundwood, ceramic tiles, hydrated lime and adhesive mortar – provides a very reasonable description of a building's embodied energy (99.63 percent), embodied CO2e (97.50 percent), bWF (96.26 percent), non-renewable content (97.53 percent) and VOCe (95.38 percent) profiles. Except for bWF of cement and concrete, substantial reductions in the metrics’ values captured environmental advantages of partially substituting ground granulated blast furnace slag (ggbs) for clinker Portland.

Originality/value
– The disclosure of embodied energy and carbon, as well as of other environmental performance data at whole-building level (per unit of GFA) pointed out in this paper, allows comparability and helps to establish performance goals and benchmarks and to guide policy decisions. Following a coordinated methodological outline, future works are expected to evolve to gradually constitute a LCI database that enables the use of the proposed metrics and of LCA as decision-making tools in the building sector.
Maternal depression from early pregnancy to 4 years postpartum in a prospective pregnancy cohort study: implications for primary health care
Authors: Woolhouse H , Gartland D , Mensah F , Brown SJ 
Published: May 2014

ObjectiveTo describe the prevalence of maternal depression from pregnancy to 4 years postpartum, and the risk factors for depressive symptoms at 4 years postpartum.DesignProspective pregnancy cohort study of nulliparous women.SettingMelbourne, Australia.SampleIn all, 1507 women completed baseline data in pregnancy (mean gestation 15 weeks).MethodsWomen were recruited from six public hospitals. Questionnaires were completed at recruitment and 3, 6, 12 and 18 months postpartum, and 4 years postpartum.Main outcome measuresScores ≥13 on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale were used to indicate depressive symptoms.ResultsAlmost one in three women reported depressive symptoms at least once in the first 4 years after birth. The prevalence of depressive symptoms at 4 years postpartum was 14.5%, and was higher than at any time‐point in the first 12 months postpartum. Women with one child at 4 years postpartum were more likely to report depressive symptoms at this time compared with women with subsequent children (22.9 versus 11.3%), and this association remained significant in adjusted models (Adjusted odds ratio 1.71, 95% confidence interval 1.12–2.63).ConclusionsMaternal depression is more common at 4 years postpartum than at any time in the first 12 months postpartum, and women with one child at 4 years postpartum report significantly higher levels of depressive symptoms than women with subsequent children. There is a need for scaling up of current services to extend surveillance of maternal mental health to cover the early years of parenting.
Effects of Retail Style or Food Service Style Packaging Type and Storage Time on Sensory Characteristics of Bacon Manufactured from Commercially Sourced Pork Bellies
Authors: Lowe B.K. , Bohrer B.M. , Holmer S.F. , Boler D.D. , Dilger A.C. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObjectives were to characterize differences in pork bellies that were stored frozen for different durations prior to processing and characterize sensory properties of the bacon derived from those bellies when stored in either retail or food service style packaging. Bellies (n = 102) were collected from 4 different time periods, fresh bellies (never frozen) and bellies frozen for 2, 5, or 7 mo, and manufactured into bacon under commercial conditions. Food service bacon was packaged in oxygen‐permeable polyvinyl lined boxes layered on wax‐covered lined paper and blast frozen (–33 °C) for 45 or 90 d after slicing. Retail bacon was vacuum‐packaged in retail packages and refrigerated (2 °C) in the dark for 60 or 120 d after slicing. At the end of respective storage times after slicing, bacon was analyzed for sensory attributes and lipid oxidation. Off‐flavor and oxidized odor of bacon increased (P < 0.01) with increasing storage time in both packaging types. Lipid oxidation increased (P < 0.01) as storage time increased from day 0 to day 45 in food service packaged bacon from frozen bellies, but was unchanged (P ≥ 0.07) with time in food service packaged bacon from fresh bellies. Lipid oxidation was also unchanged (P ≥ 0.21) over time in retail packaged bacon, with the exception of bellies frozen for 5 mo, which was increased from day 0 to day 90. Overall, off‐flavor, oxidized odor, and lipid oxidation increased as storage time after processing increased. Freezing bellies before processing may exacerbate lipid oxidation as storage time after processing was extended.
The Macaroni's ‘Ambrosial Essences’: Perfume, Identity and Public Space in Eighteenth‐Century England
Authors: Tullett William 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe male antitype of the macaroni and the space of the pleasure gardens in which he reputedly existed have been primarily understood in terms of vision. This article seeks to re‐integrate other senses, particularly olfaction, into our understanding of these subjects. Sounds and smells, of individuals and urban spaces, undermined the idea of the pleasure garden as an enclosed space and the cultivation of the senses it attempted to encourage. The macaroni and his perfumes were an extreme example of this, linking the pleasure garden to the perfumer's shop and disrupting understandings of bodily comportment, masculinity and the proper use of the senses.
Particle size distribution and optimal capture of aqueous macrobial eDNA
Authors: Turner Cameron R. , Barnes Matthew A. , Xu Charles C. Y. , Jones Stuart E. , Jerde Christopher L. , Lodge David M. 
Published: May 2014

Summary

Using environmental DNA (eDNA) to detect aquatic macroorganisms is a new survey method with broad applicability. However, the origin, state and fate of aqueous macrobial eDNA – which collectively determine how well eDNA can serve as a proxy for directly observing organisms and how eDNA should be captured, purified and assayed – are poorly understood.

The size of aquatic particles provides clues about their origin, state and fate. We used sequential filtration size fractionation to measure the particle size distribution (PSD) of macrobial eDNA, specifically Common Carp (hereafter referred to as Carp) eDNA. We compared it to the PSDs of total eDNA (from all organisms) and suspended particle matter (SPM). We quantified Carp mitochondrial eDNA using a custom qPCR assay, total eDNA with fluorometry and SPM with gravimetric analysis.

In a lake and a pond, we found Carp eDNA in particles from >180 to <0·2 μm, but it was most abundant from 1 to 10 μm. Total eDNA was most abundant below 0·2 μm, and SPM was most abundant above 100 μm. SPM consisted of ≤0·1% total eDNA, and total eDNA consisted of ≤0·0004% Carp eDNA. 0·2 μm filtration maximized Carp eDNA capture (85% ± 6%) while minimizing total (i.e. non‐target) eDNA capture (48% ± 3%), but filter clogging limited this pore size to a sample volume <250 mL. To mitigate this limitation, we estimated a continuous PSD model for Carp eDNA and derived an equation for calculating isoclines of pore size and water volume that yield equivalent amounts of Carp eDNA.

Our results suggest that aqueous macrobial eDNA predominantly exists inside mitochondria or cells, and that settling may therefore play an important role in its fate. For optimal eDNA capture, we recommend 0·2 μm filtration or a combination of larger pore size and water volume that exceeds the 0·2 μm isocline. In situ filtration of large volumes could maximize detection probability when surveying large habitats for rare organisms. Our method for eDNA particle size analysis enables future research to compare the PSDs of eDNA from other organisms and environments, and to easily apply them for ecological monitoring.
Characterisation of the tolerance to the beet leafhopper transmitted virescence agent phytoplasma in the PI128655 accession of Solanum peruvianum
Authors: Garcion C. , Eveillard S. , Renaudin J. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn 1992, Thomas and Hassan reported an apparent immunity and tolerance to the beet leafhopper transmitted virescence agent (BLTVA) phytoplasma in the PI128655 accession of Solanum peruvianum (Plant Disease 76:139). We revisited this interaction in an effort to better characterize the bases of plant resistance and tolerance to phytoplasmas. After challenge with a BLTVA strain, plants of the PI128655 accession fell into two distinct symptom‐based groups, termed class I and class II. Class II plants displayed symptoms on the vegetative parts and phloem hyperplasia, whereas class I plants showed symptoms only on the inflorescence parts, and no phloem hyperplasia. Plants of both classes hosted similar titres of BLTVA, demonstrating that the lower symptom severity in class I plants was due to tolerance rather than resistance. However, this tolerance was not effective against all phytoplasmas, as both classes of plants were equally susceptible to a stolbur phytoplasma strain. A genetic analysis suggested that the BLTVA tolerance of class I plants was monogenic. Finally, a reciprocal graft experiment showed that the virulence of the BLTVA strain seemed to increase after propagation through class II plants. These results provide valuable insights on the tolerance of plants to phytoplasma diseases, and highlight the usefulness of the S. peruvianum/BLTVA experimental pathosystem.
Cognitive remediation combined with an early intervention service in first episode psychosis
Authors: Østergaard Christensen T. , Vesterager L. , Krarup G. , Olsen B. B. , Melau M. , Gluud C. , Nordentoft M. 
Published: May 2014

ObjectiveThis randomised clinical trial assessed the effects of a 16‐week cognitive remediation programme (NEUROCOM) combined with an early intervention service (EIS) vs. EIS alone.MethodOne hundred and seventeen patients with first episode psychosis were randomly assigned to 4 months cognitive remediation combined with EIS vs. EIS alone. Statistical analysis of effect was based on intention to treat.ResultsA total of 98 patients (83.8%) participated in post‐training assessments at 4 months and 92 (78.6%) in 12‐month follow‐up assessments. No effects were found on the primary outcome measure functional capacity. At the post‐training assessment, the intervention group had improved significantly on Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale (Cohen's d = 0.54, P = 0.01), Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS), General Psychopathology Scale (Cohen's d = 0.51, P = 0.05) and the verbal learning domain (Cohen's d = 0.46, P = 0.02). At follow‐up assessment, the intervention group retained the significant improvements on the verbal learning domain (Cohen's d = 0.58, P < 0.05). Furthermore, significant improvements were observed on the working memory domain (Cohen's d = 0.56, P = 0.01) and PANSS positive symptoms (Cohen's d = 0.44, P = 0.04), while improvement on the composite score was marginally significant (Cohen's d = 0.34, P = 0.05).ConclusionIn accordance with other cognitive remediation programmes, this programme demonstrates some immediate and long‐term effect on cognitive functioning, symptoms and self‐esteem.
Making Tigers from Tamils: Long‐Distance Nationalism and Sri Lankan Tamils in Toronto
Authors: Thiranagama Sharika 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTThis article discusses the Sri Lankan Tamil diaspora in Toronto and its relationship to the Tamil separatist group, the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). Taking the case of the Sri Lankan Tamils, oft‐cited as the example par excellence of long‐distance nationalism, I argue against naturalizing diasporic ethnonationalism to investigate instead how diasporas are fashioned into specific kinds of actors. I examine tensions that emerged as an earlier elite Tamil movement gave way to the contemporary migration of much larger class‐and caste‐fractured communities, while a cultural imaginary of migration as a form of mobility persisted. I suggest that concomitant status anxieties have propelled culturalist imaginations of a unified Tamil community in Toronto who, through the actions of LTTE‐affiliated organizations, have condensed the Tigers and their imagined homeland, Tamil Eelam, into representing Tamil community life. While most Tamils may not have explicitly espoused LTTE ideology, as a result of the LTTE becoming the backbone of community life, Tamils became complicit with and reaffirmed the LTTE project of defending “Tamilness” militarily in Sri Lanka and culturally in Toronto. I suggest that the self‐presentation of diasporic communities should be analyzed within specific histories, contemporary conflicts and fractures, and active mobilizing structures.
Serum fatty acid profile does not reflect seafood intake in adolescents with atopic eczema
Authors: Barman Malin , Jonsson Karin , Sandin Anna , Wold Agnes E. , Sandberg Ann‐Sofie 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAimLong‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) are immunomodulatory, but their role in allergy development is controversial. We investigated whether proportions of LCPUFAs in serum phospholipids were related to allergic diagnosis, seafood intake and LCPUFA proportions in cord blood.MethodsSerum was obtained from 148 birth cohort children at 13 years of age. Forty had atopic eczema, 53 had respiratory allergy, and 55 were nonallergic. Proportions of LCPUFAs were determined in serum phospholipids; cord blood from 128 of the individuals was previously analysed. Seafood intake was estimated using questionnaires.ResultsAllergic and nonallergic individuals did not differ significantly regarding individual LCPUFAs. However, arachidonic acid over docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) ratio was higher in allergic, compared with nonallergic, adolescents. In nonallergic individuals, LCPUFA proportions in cord serum and adolescent serum correlated weakly. In individuals with atopic eczema and respiratory allergy, these correlations were weak or absent. A moderate correlation between seafood intake and serum DHA was seen in nonallergic individuals and those with respiratory allergy, but not in those with atopic eczema.ConclusionSerum LCPUFA pattern was similar in allergic and nonallergic adolescents. Fatty acid metabolism may be altered in atopic eczema subjects, suggested by poor correlations between fatty acid intake and serum levels.
Combining correlative and mechanistic habitat suitability models to improve ecological compensation
Authors: Meineri Eric , Deville Anne‐Sophie , Grémillet David , Gauthier‐Clerc Michel , Béchet Arnaud 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTOnly a few studies have shown positive impacts of ecological compensation on species dynamics affected by human activities. We argue that this is due to inappropriate methods used to forecast required compensation in environmental impact assessments. These assessments are mostly descriptive and only valid at limited spatial and temporal scales. However, habitat suitability models developed to predict the impacts of environmental changes on potential species' distributions should provide rigorous science‐based tools for compensation planning. Here we describe the two main classes of predictive models: correlative models and individual‐based mechanistic models. We show how these models can be used alone or synoptically to improve compensation planning. While correlative models are easier to implement, they tend to ignore underlying ecological processes and lack accuracy. On the contrary, individual‐based mechanistic models can integrate biological interactions, dispersal ability and adaptation. Moreover, among mechanistic models, those considering animal energy balance are particularly efficient at predicting the impact of foraging habitat loss. However, mechanistic models require more field data compared to correlative models. Hence we present two approaches which combine both methods for compensation planning, especially in relation to the spatial scale considered. We show how the availability of biological databases and software enabling fast and accurate population projections could be advantageously used to assess ecological compensation requirement efficiently in environmental impact assessments.
Stable Isotope Evidence ofPuma concolor(Felidae) Feeding Patterns in Agricultural Landscapes in Southeastern Brazil
Authors: Magioli Marcelo , Moreira Marcelo Z. , Ferraz Katia Maria B. , Miotto Renata A. , de Camargo Plínio B. , Rodrigues Márcia G. , da Silva Canhoto Mariana C. , Setz Eleonore F. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe evaluated puma (Puma concolor) feeding patterns in southeastern Brazilian agricultural landscapes using carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analyses of hair collected from fecal samples (N = 64). We classified the samples into three groups: feeding patterns based on forest remnants, on the agricultural matrix or both. We observed a predominance of consumption of C3prey (~47% of individuals) in the area with the highest proportion of forest coverage. Conversely, C4prey were highly consumed (~40% of individuals) where the agricultural matrix was predominant. Theδ13C values for pumas in both areas indicated that their food resources come from both forest remnants and the agricultural matrix and that some individuals preferentially consumed C4prey, indicating that food resources from the agricultural matrix make up most of their diet (~46% of prey individuals). The wide range of puma'sδ15N values in both areas indicated a diet based on different types of prey. However, the C4group had higher values, indicating that both pumas and their prey feed on enriched resources from the agricultural matrix. The results confirm the high behavioral plasticity of pumas in using highly anthropogenic habitats. The stable isotope analyses conducted in this study yielded new information on large carnivore trophic ecology that might be useful in the development of new conservation strategies in disturbed areas.
The Impact of Analogies on Creative Concept Generation: Lessons From anIn VivoStudy in Engineering Design
Authors: Chan Joel , Schunn Christian 
Published: May 2014

AbstractResearch on innovation often highlights analogies from sources outside the current problem domain as a major source of novel concepts; however, the mechanisms underlying this relationship are not well understood. We analyzed the temporal interplay between far analogy use and creative concept generation in a professional design team's brainstorming conversations, investigating the hypothesis that far analogies lead directly to very novel concepts via large steps in conceptual spaces (jumps). Surprisingly, we found that concepts were more similar to their preceding concepts after far analogy use compared to baseline situations (i.e., without far analogy use). Yet far analogies increased the team's concept generation rate compared to baseline conditions. Overall, these results challenge the view that far analogies primarily lead to novel concepts via jumps in conceptual spaces and suggest alternative pathways from far analogies to novel concepts (e.g., iterative, deep exploration within a functional space).
Facilitation of ipsilateral actions of corticospinal tract neurons on feline motoneurons by transcranial direct current stimulation
Authors: Bączyk Marcin , Pettersson Lars‐Gunnar , Jankowska Elzbieta 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIpsilateral actions of pyramidal tract (PT) neurons are weak but may, if strengthened, compensate for deficient crossed PT actions following brain damage. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can strengthen ipsilateral PT (iPT) actions; in particular, those relayed by reticulospinal neurons co‐excited by axon collaterals of fibres descending in the iPT and contralateral PT (coPT) and of reticulospinal neurons descending in the medial longitudinal fascicle (MLF). The effects of tDCS were assessed in acute experiments on deeply anaesthetized cats by comparing postsynaptic potentials evoked in hindlimb motoneurons and discharges recorded from their axons in a ventral root, before, during and after tDCS. tDCS was consistently found to facilitate joint actions of the iPT and coPT, especially when they were stimulated together with the MLF. Both excitatory postsynaptic potentials and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials evoked in motoneurons and the ensuing ventral root discharges were facilitated, even though the facilitatory effects of tDCS were not sufficient for activation of motoneurons by iPT neurons alone. Facilitation outlasted single tDCS periods by at least a few minutes, and the effects evoked by repeated tDCS by up to 2 h. The results of this study thus indicate that tDCS may increase the contribution of iPT actions to the recovery of motor functions after injuries to coPT neurons, and thereby assist rehabilitation, provided that corticoreticular and reticulospinal connections are preserved.
Isolation and characterization of ten microsatellite loci in stingless bee Trigona spinipes (Apidae: Meliponini)
Authors: Santiago Leandro Rodrigues , Pioker‐Hara Fabiana Curtopassi , Francisco Flávio de Oliveira , Brito Rute Magalhães , Gonçalves Paulo Henrique Pereira , Domingues‐Yamada Alayne Magalhães Trindade , Arias Maria Cristina 
Published: May 2014

AbstractStingless bees are the most abundant pollinators of Brazilian tropical flora. Trigona spinipes has some of the largest colonies of any stingless bee species found in several types of environment. This work describes the isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci for this species. A microsatellite‐enriched genomic library was constructed and ten primer pairs were designed for T. spinipes. The primers were tested in 20 unrelated individuals. The mean number of alleles was 8.10 and mean observed and expected heterozygosity were 0.655 and 0.680, respectively. Primers were also tested in cross‐species amplification and five loci were successfully amplified in Trigona chanchamayoensis, Trigona hyalinata, Tetragonisca angustula, Partamona mulata and Frieseomelitta varia. The microsatellite primers described herein will be useful for evaluating genetic variability and gaining a better understanding of the population structure of T. spinipes as well as other species of stingless bees.