bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduced Heart Rate Variability Among Youth With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Jaiswal Mamta , Urbina Elaine M. , Wadwa R. Paul , Talton Jennifer W. , D’Agostino Ralph B. , Hamman Richard F. , Fingerlin Tasha E. , Daniels Stephen , Marcovina Santica M. , Dolan Lawrence M. , Dabelea Dana 
Published: September 2012

OBJECTIVE
This study compared heart rate variability (HRV) parameters in youth with and without type 1 diabetes and explored potential contributors of altered HRV.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
HRV parameters were measured among 354 youth with type 1 diabetes (mean age 18.8 years, diabetes duration 9.8 years, and mean A1C 8.9%) and 176 youth without diabetes (mean age 19.2 years) participating in the SEARCH CVD study. Multiple linear regression was used to assess the relationship between diabetes status and HRV parameters, adjusting for covariates.

RESULTS
Compared with control subjects, youth with type 1 diabetes had reduced overall HRV (10.09 ms lower SD of NN intervals [SDNN]) and markers of parasympathetic loss (13.5 ms reduced root mean square successive difference of NN intervals [RMSSD] and 5.2 normalized units (n.u.) reduced high frequency [HF] power) with sympathetic override (5.2 n.u. increased low frequency [LF] power), independent of demographic, anthropometric, and traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Older age, female sex, higher LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and presence of microalbuminuria were independently associated with lower HRV but did not account for the observed differences between youth with and without diabetes. Youth with type 1 diabetes and A1C levels ≥7.5% had significantly worse HRV parameters than control subjects; however, in youth with optimal glycemic control (A1C &lt;7.5%), HRV parameters did not differ significantly from control subjects.

CONCLUSIONS
Youth with type 1 diabetes have signs of early cardiac autonomic neuropathy: reduced overall HRV and parasympathetic loss with sympathetic override. The main driver of these subclinical abnormalities appears to be hyperglycemia.
Insulin Resistance and Truncal Obesity as Important Determinants of the Greater Incidence of Diabetes in Indian Asians and African Caribbeans Compared With Europeans
Authors: Tillin Therese , Hughes Alun D. , Godsland Ian F. , Whincup Peter , Forouhi Nita G. , Welsh Paul , Sattar Naveed , McKeigue Paul M. , Chaturvedi Nish 
Published: September 2012

OBJECTIVE
To determine the extent of, and reasons for, ethnic differences in type 2 diabetes incidence in the U.K.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Population-based triethnic cohort. Participants were without diabetes, aged 40–69 at baseline (1989–1991), and followed-up for 20 years. Baseline measurements included fasting and postglucose bloods, anthropometry, and lifestyle questionnaire. Incident diabetes was identified from medical records and participant recall. Ethnic differences in diabetes incidence were examined using competing risks regression.

RESULTS
Incident diabetes was identified in 196 of 1,354 (14%) Europeans, 282 of 839 (34%) Indian Asians, and 100 of 335 (30%) African Caribbeans. All Indian Asians and African Caribbeans were first-generation migrants. Compared with Europeans, age-adjusted subhazard ratios (SHRs [95% CI]) for men and women, respectively, were 2.88 (95%, 2.36–3.53; P &lt; 0.001) and 1.91 (1.18–3.10; P = 0.008) in Indian Asians, and 2.23 (1.64–3.03; P &lt; 0.001) and 2.51 (1.63–3.87; P &lt; 0.001) in African Caribbeans. Differences in baseline insulin resistance and truncal obesity largely attenuated the ethnic minority excess in women (adjusted SHRs: Indian Asians 0.77 [0.49–1.42]; P = 0.3; African Caribbeans 1.48 [0.89–2.45]; P = 0.13), but not in men (adjusted SHRs: Indian Asians 1.98 [1.52–2.58]; P &lt; 0.001 and African Caribbeans, 2.05 [1.46–2.89; P &lt; 0.001]).

CONCLUSIONS
Insulin resistance and truncal obesity account for the twofold excess incidence of diabetes in Indian Asian and African Caribbean women, but not men. Explanations for the excess diabetes risk in ethnic minority men remains unclear. Further study requires more precise measures of conventional risk factors and identification of novel risk factors.
Simple and Efficient Model Filtering in Statistical Machine Translation
Authors: Pino Juan , Waite Aurelien , Byrne William 
Published: September 2012

Simple and Efficient Model Filtering in Statistical Machine Translation
Data availability and distributed computing techniques have allowed statistical machine translation (SMT) researchers to build larger models. However, decoders need to be able to retrieve information efficiently from these models to be able to translate an input sentence or a set of input sentences. We introduce an easy to implement and general purpose solution to tackle this problem: we store SMT models as a set of key-value pairs in an HFile. We apply this strategy to two specific tasks: test set hierarchical phrase-based rule filtering and n-gram count filtering for language model lattice rescoring. We compare our approach to alternative strategies and show that its trade offs in terms of speed, memory and simplicity are competitive.
Hierarchical Phrase-Based Translation with Jane 2
Authors: Huck Matthias , Peter Jan-Thorsten , Freitag Markus , Peitz Stephan , Ney Hermann 
Published: September 2012

Hierarchical Phrase-Based Translation with Jane 2
In this paper, we give a survey of several recent extensions to hierarchical phrase-based machine translation that have been implemented in version 2 of Jane, RWTH's open source statistical machine translation toolkit. We focus on the following techniques: Insertion and deletion models, lexical scoring variants, reordering extensions with non-lexicalized reordering rules and with a discriminative lexicalized reordering model, and soft string-to-dependency hierarchical machine translation. We describe the fundamentals of each of these techniques and present experimental results obtained with Jane 2 to confirm their usefulness in state-of-the-art hierarchical phrase-based translation (HPBT).
TrTok: A Fast and Trainable Tokenizer for Natural Languages
Authors: Maršík Jiří , Bojar Ondřej 
Published: September 2012

TrTok: A Fast and Trainable Tokenizer for Natural Languages
We present a universal data-driven tool for segmenting and tokenizing text. The presented tokenizer lets the user define where token and sentence boundaries should be considered. These instances are then judged by a classifier which is trained from provided tokenized data. The features passed to the classifier are also defined by the user making, e.g., the inclusion of abbreviation lists trivial. This level of customizability makes the tokenizer a versatile tool which we show is capable of sentence detection in English text as well as word segmentation in Chinese text. In the case of English sentence detection, the system outperforms previous methods. The software is available as an open-source project on GitHub1.
rgbF: An Open Source Tool for n-gram Based Automatic Evaluation of Machine Translation Output
Authors: Popović Maja 
Published: September 2012

rgbF: An Open Source Tool for n-gram Based Automatic Evaluation of Machine Translation Output
We describe RGBF, a tool for automatic evaluation of machine translation output based on n-gram precision and recall. The tool calculates the F-score averaged on all n-grams of an arbitrary set of distinct units such as words, morphemes, POS tags, etc. The arithmetic mean is used for n-gram averaging. As input, the tool requires reference translation(s) and hypothesis, both containing the same combination of units. The default output is the document level 4-gram F-score of the desired unit combination. The scores at the sentence level can be obtained on demand, as well as precision and/or recall scores, separate unit scores and separate n-gram scores. In addition, weights can be introduced both for n-grams and for units, as well as the desired n-gram order n.
Better Splitting Algorithms for Parallel Corpus Processing
Authors: Schwartz Lane 
Published: September 2012

Better Splitting Algorithms for Parallel Corpus Processing
Each iteration of minimum error rate training involves re-translating a development set. Distributing this work across computational nodes can speed up translation time, but in practice some parts may take much longer to complete than others, leading to computational slack time. To address this problem, we develop three novel algorithms for distributing translation tasks in a parallel computing environment, drawing on research in parallel machine scheduling. We present results showing a substantial speedup in overall decoding time.
Modeling regional sea level rise using local tide gauge data
Authors: Bâki Iz H. , Berry L. , Koch M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractCurrently regional mean sea level trends and variations are inferred from the analysis of several individual local tide gauge data that spanonly a long period of time at a given region. In this study, we propose using a model to merge various tide gauge data, regardless of theirtime span, in a single solution, to estimate parameters representative of regional mean sea level trends. The proposed model can accountfor the geographical correlations among the local tide gauge stations as well as serial correlations, if needed, for individual stations’ data.Such a vigorous regional solution enables statistically optimal uncertainties for estimated and projected trends. The proposed formulationalso unifies all the local reference levels by modeling their offsets from a predefined station’s reference level. To test its effectiveness, theproposed model was used to investigate the regional mean sea level variations for the coastal areas of the Florida Panhandle using 26 localtide gauge stations that span approximately 830 years of monthly averages from the Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level repository. Thenew estimate for the regional trend is 2.14 mm/yr with a ±0.03 mm/yr standard error, which is an order of magnitude improvement overthe most recent mean sea level trend estimates and projections for the Florida region obtained from simple averages of local solutions.
Determining the mechanical losses in a high-speed motor on the example of a flywheel energy storage system
Authors: Baszyński Marcin , Piróg Stanisław 
Published: September 2012

Determining the mechanical losses in a high-speed motor on the example of a flywheel energy storage system
The article describes the method of determining mechanical losses and electromagnetic motor torque on the example of a flywheel energy storage system utilizing BLDC motor. The description of the test stand contains: the topology of power factor correction boost rectifier, an inverter supplying the BLDC motor, and the measuring system. The detailed experimental results are included in the paper.
Verification of the modified AGT method applied to determining efficiency of squirrel-cage induction motor
Authors: Figura Radosław , Szychta Leszek , Kwiecień Roman 
Published: September 2012

Verification of the modified AGT method applied to determining efficiency of squirrel-cage induction motor
The modified air gap torque method to determine the efficiency of squirrel-cage induction motor was presented. of testing which continues the authors' work on application of AGT method to estimating induction motor's efficiency are discussed. The proposed method is verified in a number of selected low-power motors.
Convergence of the identification algorithm applied to the mutual inductance of the induction motor
Authors: Jąderko Andrzej , Pietryka Jędrzej 
Published: September 2012

Convergence of the identification algorithm applied to the mutual inductance of the induction motor
A new observer of induction motor state variables is proposed in the paper. A nonlinearity of the main magnetic path is expressed as a function of a properly chosen parameter versus the position vector length. The value of the mutual inductance received in the identification algorithm is calculated exploiting the estimated values of the state variables. The coefficients appearing in the differential equations of the observer system are modified in each step of the algorithm on the basis of the calculated mutual inductance. The analysis of convergence of the identification algorithm is shown in this paper.
Dynamic variables limitation for backstepping control of induction machine and voltage source converter
Authors: Morawiec Marcin 
Published: September 2012

Dynamic variables limitation for backstepping control of induction machine and voltage source converterThe paper presents the method of control of an induction squirrel-cage machine supplied by a voltage source converter. The presented idea is based on an innovative method of the voltage source converter control, consisting in direct joining of the motor control system with the voltage source rectifier control system. The combined control system gives good dc-bus voltage stabilization. In the applied control system the limits of the reference variables have been introduced. A correction of the estimated machine load torque is proposed. The new proposed solutions are confirmed by mathematical dependences, simulation and experimental results.
Communication issues in the control system of reactive power compensator for hydroelectric plant with induction generator
Authors: Olesiński Remigiusz , Hańczur Paweł , Wiśniewski Janusz , Koczara Włodzimierz 
Published: September 2012

Communication issues in the control system of reactive power compensator for hydroelectric plant with induction generator
The presented paper concerns the issues of communication networks applied to monitoring and control of reactive power compensator for small hydroelectric plants installed in areas distant from urban agglomerations. Ethernet, CAN, Modbus and GPRS transmission protocols has been used. Industrial programmable controller as a data collector has been used also.
Experiments performed with bubbly flow in vertical pipes at different flow conditions covering the transition region: simulation by coupling Eulerian, Lagrangian and 3D random walks models
Authors: Muñoz-Cobo José , Chiva Sergio , El Aziz Essa Mohamed , Mendes Santos 
Published: September 2012

Experiments performed with bubbly flow in vertical pipes at different flow conditions covering the transition region: simulation by coupling Eulerian, Lagrangian and 3D random walks modelsTwo phase flow experiments with different superficial velocities of gas and water were performed in a vertical upward isothermal cocurrent air-water flow column with conditions ranging from bubbly flow, with very low void fraction, to transition flow with some cap and slug bubbles and void fractions around 25%. The superficial velocities of the liquid and the gas phases were varied from 0.5 to 3 m/s and from 0 to 0.6 m/s, respectively. Also to check the effect of changing the surface tension on the previous experiments small amounts of 1-butanol were added to the water. These amounts range from 9 to 75 ppm and change the surface tension. This study is interesting because in real cases the surface tension of the water diminishes with temperature, and with this kind of experiments we can study indirectly the effect of changing the temperature on the void fraction distribution. The following axial and radial distributions were measured in all these experiments: void fraction, interfacial area concentration, interfacial velocity, Sauter mean diameter and turbulence intensity. The range of values of the gas superficial velocities in these experiments covered the range from bubbly flow to the transition to cap/slug flow. Also with transition flow conditions we distinguish two groups of bubbles in the experiments, the small spherical bubbles and the cap/slug bubbles. Special interest was devoted to the transition region from bubbly to cap/slug flow; the goal was to understand the physical phenomena that take place during this transition A set of numerical simulations of some of these experiments for bubbly flow conditions has been performed by coupling a Lagrangian code, that tracks the three dimensional motion of the individual bubbles in cylindrical coordinates inside the field of the carrier liquid, to an Eulerian model that computes the magnitudes of continuous phase and to a 3D random walk model that takes on account the fluctuation in the velocity field of the carrier fluid that are seen by the bubbles due to turbulence fluctuations. Also we have included in the model the deformation that suffers the bubble when it touches the wall and it is compressed by the forces that pushes it toward the wall, provoking that the bubble rebound like a ball.
Model of heat transfer in the stagnation point of rapidly evaporating microjet
Authors: Mikielewicz Dariusz , Muszyński Tomasz , Mikielewicz Jarosław 
Published: September 2012

Model of heat transfer in the stagnation point of rapidly evaporating microjetThe paper presents investigation into the single water microjet surface cooling producing evaporating film. Reported tests were conducted under steady state conditions. Experiments were conducted using the nozzle size of 70 and 100 μm respectively. In the course of investigations obtained were experimental relations between heat flux and wall superheating. It was proved that the phenomenon is similar to that of pool boiling but the boiling curves are showing a smaller value of critical heat flux (CHF) that the stagnant pool boiling. Values of CHF are also reduced with decreasing liquid subcooling. Theoretical model of surface cooling by evaporating microjet impingement in the stagnation point was described theoreticaly. Results of experiments were compared with predictions by the model showing a good consistency.
Les courants anticapitalistes en Chine. Le point de vue d'une philosophe
Authors: Duménil Gérard , Zhang Shuangli 
Published: September 2012

Résumé Vus de l’Ouest, les débats et événements politiques en Chine ne sont pas toujours faciles à déchiffrer. Au mois de mars 2012, la chute de Bo Xilai, le leader de la municipalité autonome de Chongqing (de près de 30 millions d’habitants), surprit moins que la découverte que Bo était le leader des « néomaoïstes » en Chine. En cet automne de l’année 2012, se tient le 18 e Congrès du Parti Communiste à Pékin. Même en interrogeant des gens bien informés, au cours des derniers mois, il était presque impossible d’obtenir ne serait-ce qu’une vague intuition de ce qui pouvait résulter de la réunion. Cette interview doit être comprise comme une vaste fresque des principaux courants actuels qui sous-tendent les débats actuels en Chine. Le thème central est l’anticapitalisme, car, de manière assez surprenante, ce thème définit encore l’axe central autour duquel gravitent les controverses.
Vatican II : 50 ans après. Relecture
Authors: Bressolette Claude 
Published: September 2012

Résumé L’annonce de la convocation d’un nouveau Concile par le pape Jean XXIII a beaucoup surpris. Il s’agissait à la fois d’être clair sur la doctrine et d’encourager les hommes de bonne volonté, le « remède de la miséricorde » étant préféré à celui de la sévérité pour combattre les erreurs. Paul VI reprit la visée pastorale souhaitée par son prédécesseur. Quatre objectifs prioritaires furent définis par lui : l’Église comme mystère ; Renouveau et Tradition ; unité dans la diversité ; mission de l’Église et dialogue avec le monde. La levée des excommunications réciproques de 1054 fut un moment très applaudi de cette « nouvelle Pentecôte ». Les textes conciliaires témoignent d’une grande cohérence de pensée. Plusieurs aspects prouvent la singularité de Vatican II : volonté de s’adresser au monde, invitation d’observateurs orthodoxes et protestants, etc. La démarche théologique dite « inductive » est engagée pour scruter les « signes des temps ». Vatican II fut bien une révolution dans l’attitude de l’Église à l’égard du monde moderne. Il suffit pour s’en convaincre de lire le Syllabus de Pie IX (1864), puis l’encyclique Ecclesiam suam de Paul VI (1964). L’exercice de la responsabilité collégiale fut une autre innovation adoptée non sans quelques oppositions. Autres points saillants : le décret sur l’œcuménisme, le décret sur les Églises orientales catholiques, l’orientation christocentrique du rapport Église/Révélation, la réforme liturgique, les prises de position sur la liberté religieuse et la nouvelle évangélisation.
Genèse historique et enjeux éthiques contemporains de l'identité des Églises orthodoxes russes
Authors: Nivière Antoine 
Published: September 2012

Résumé Une réflexion sur les enjeux éthiques de la liberté dans les Églises orthodoxes russes au siècle dernier nécessite de faire un détour par l’histoire, afin de comprendre la montée en puissance actuelle de l’idéologie nationale russe et la nouvelle alliance entre l’Église orthodoxe et l’État. Le vent de liberté insufflé par le concile de 1917 fut bien vite mis à mal par le coup d’État bolchevique. Le clergé était face à un redoutable choix : subir les persécutions du régime ou bien collaborer ; ou encore partir en exil – notamment en France – où le métropolite Euloge dirigea l’Église hors-frontières. Le combat pour la liberté passait alors par la question épineuse du lien entre l’Église et l’État, mais se jouait également sur un terrain théologique. La dernière décennie du xx e siècle a remis en question les anciens clivages : quelle est à présent la nature de l’espace de liberté laissé à l’Église ? Aujourd’hui, les nouveaux exilés posent la question de la construction d’une orthodoxie locale. L’Exarchat du Patriarchat œcuménique est devenu multiethnique, tandis que le Patriarchat de Moscou persiste à conduire l’ensemble du monde orthodoxe. Cependant, certaines séquelles de la période soviétique demeurent. Les textes officiels de référence de ce Patriarchat ne sont que déclarations d’intention. La réflexion théologique reste, en réalité, conservatrice. Le Patriarche Cyrille a consolidé les tendances bureaucratiques de son Église et la proximité avec le pouvoir de Vladimir Poutine est forte. L’Église hors-frontières, avec son patrimoine religieux, pourrait revenir dans le giron de Moscou.
Entre projet éducatif institutionnel et motivations personnelles
Authors: Gauthier André-Pierre 
Published: September 2012

Résumé Enrichir l’éducation de la notion d’accompagnement invite à regarder autrement du côté de la Création et du Salut. Du côté de Dieu et du côté de la médiation du sujet humain qui, dans l’acte éducatif, peut aider à l’accomplissement du projet divin. Alors, nous pouvons dire de l’École et de l’éducation, nous inspirant des mots du poète Paul Valéry : « Il dépend de toi, [éducateur], que je sois tombe ou trésor. Ami, n’entre pas ici sans désir ».
Premiers jalons d'une recherche auprès de professionnels soignants
Authors: Delforge François , Périlleux Thomas 
Published: September 2012

Résumé À un moment de déclin des programmes institutionnels, les assises symboliques des institutions ont changé de même que leurs modes opératoires ; c’est ce que laisse apparaître une observation de terrain menée par les auteurs dans diverses unités de soins intensifs. Les principes « sacrés » (Dubet) qui fondaient le travail institutionnel sont entrés en crise quand ils ne deviennent pas tout simplement insignifiants pour les individus auxquels ils s’adressent. Ainsi, pour les professionnels rencontrés, le « référentiel chrétien », qui s’efface à leurs yeux des directives officielles, ne fait pas ou plus directement question. S’il reste structurant de certaines pratiques en soins intensifs, c’est de manière souterraine et tacite.