bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poly(Glycidyl Methacrylates)-grafted Zinc Oxide Nanowire by Surface-initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization
Authors: Zhang Bao , Hu Nantao , Wang Yanfang , Wang Zi , Wang Ying , Kong Eric S. , Zhang Yafei 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Poly(glycidyl methacrylates) (PGMA) was grafted from zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) technique. Firstly, the ZnO nanowires were synthesized by the one-pot hydrothermal technique. Subsequently, the ZnO was functionalized with 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane, which was converted to macroinitiator by the esterification of them with 2-bromopropionyl bromide. PGMA grafted ZnO nanowires (PGMA-ZnO) were then synthesized in an ATRP of the GMA with CuCl/2, 2`-bipyridine as the catalyst system. Kinetics studies revealed an approximate linear increase in weight of polymer with reaction time, indicating that the polymerization process owned some “living” character. The structure and composition of PGMA-ZnO were characterized with scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrometer, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).
Fabrication of Y-junction Metal Nanowires by AAO Template-assisted AC Electrodeposition
Authors: Duan Huanan , Xia Zhenhai , Liang Jianyu 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
In this communication, we report a synthetic approach to fabricate Y-junction Co nanowires and Y-junction Cu nanowires by AC electrodeposition using a hierarchically designed anodized aluminum oxide template. Morphology study showe that diameters of the stems and branches of the Y-junction nanowires were about 40 nm and 20 nm respectively. Structural analysis indicates that Co nanowires had a mixture of face-center-cubic and hexagonal-close-packed structures, whereas Cu nanowires had a face-center-cubic structure with a <110> texture. The Y-junction Co nanowires exhibited a longitudinal coercivity of 1300 Oe and remnant magnetization of 56%, which was affected by the growth direction and microstructure. The present method can be extended to other metallic systems and thus provides a simple and efficient way to fabricate Y-junction metal nanowires.
Very-High Color Rendering Index Hybrid White Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with Double Emitting Nanolayers
Authors: Liu Baiquan , Xu Miao , Wang Lei , Tao Hong , Su Yueju , Gao Dongyu , Lan Linfeng , Zou Jianhua , Peng Junbiao 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA very-high color rendering index white organic light-emitting diode (WOLED) based on a simple structure was successfully fabricated. The optimized device exhibits a maximum total efficiency of 13.1 and 5.4 lm/W at 1,000 cd/m2. A peak color rendering index of 90 and a relatively stable color during a wide range of luminance were obtained. In addition, it was demonstrated that the 4,4′,4″-tri(9-carbazoyl) triphenylamine host influenced strongly the performance of this WOLED. These results may be beneficial to the design of both material and device architecture for high-performance WOLED.
Cuprous Chloride Nanocubes Grown on Copper Foil for Pseudocapacitor Electrodes
Authors: Yin Bosi , Zhang Siwen , Zheng Xin , Qu Fengyu , Wu Xiang 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn this paper, for the first time, we report the synthesis of nanoscale cuprous chloride (CuCl) cubic structure by a facile hydrothermal route. A possible mechanism for the growth of those nanostructures is proposed based on the experimental results. It is discovered that the existence of HCl could affect the surface of CuCl nanocubes. This unique cube-like nanostructure with rough surface significantly enhances the electroactive surface areas of CuCl, leading to a high special capacitance of 376 mF cm−2 at the current density of 1.0 mA cm−2. There is still a good reversibility with cycling efficiency of 88.8 % after 2,000 cycles, demonstrating its excellent long-term cycling stability and might be the promising candidates as the excellent electrode material.
Si-Based Anode Materials for Li-Ion Batteries: A Mini Review
Authors: Ma Delong , Cao Zhanyi , Hu Anming 
Published: October 2014

AbstractSi has been considered as one of the most attractive anode materials for Li-ion batteries (LIBs) because of its high gravimetric and volumetric capacity. Importantly, it is also abundant, cheap, and environmentally benign. In this review, we summarized the recent progress in developments of Si anode materials. First, the electrochemical reaction and failure are outlined, and then, we summarized various methods for improving the battery performance, including those of nanostructuring, alloying, forming hierarchic structures, and using suitable binders. We hope that this review can be of benefit to more intensive investigation of Si-based anode materials.
Comparison of Automated Versus Traditional Nerve Conduction Study Methods for Median Nerve Testing in a General Worker Population
Authors: Dale Ann Marie , Agboola Folasade , Yun Amber , Zeringue Angelique , Al‐Lozi Muhammed T. , Evanoff Bradley 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the validity of automated nerve conduction studies compared to traditional electrodiagnostic studies (EDS) for testing median nerve abnormalities in a working population.DesignAgreement study and sensitivity investigation from 2 devices.SettingField research testing laboratory.ParticipantsActive workers from several industries participating in a longitudinal study of carpal tunnel syndrome.MethodsSixty‐two subjects received bilateral median and ulnar nerve conduction testing across the wrist with a traditional device and the NC‐stat automated device. We compared the intermethod agreement of analogous measurements.Main outcome measurementNerve conduction study parameters.ResultsMedian motor and sensory latency comparisons showed excellent agreement (intraclass correlation coefficients 0.85 and 0.80, respectively). Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves were 0.97 and 0.96, respectively, using the optimal thresholds of 4.4‐millisecond median motor latency (sensitivity 100%, specificity 86%) and 3.9‐millisecond median sensory latency (sensitivity 100%, specificity 87%). Ulnar nerve testing results were less favorable.ConclusionThe automated NC‐stat device showed excellent agreement with traditional EDS for detecting median nerve conduction abnormalities in a general population of workers, suggesting that this automated nerve conduction device can be used to ascertain research case definitions of carpal tunnel syndrome in population health studies. Further study is needed to determine optimal thresholds for defining median conduction abnormalities in populations that are not seeking clinical care.
Effects of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation at High Altitudes on the Physical Condition of Untrained and Unacclimatized Rescuers
Authors: Narahara Hajime , Kimura Masafumi , Suto Takashi , Saito Hiroyuki , Tobe Masaru , Aso Chizu , Nishihara Fumio , Saito Shigeru 
Published: October 2014

Objective The authors experienced a case of prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on Mount Fuji (3776 m) that demanded strenuous work by the rescuers. The objective of this study was to provide information regarding the physiologic effects on the rescuers of performing CPR at moderate altitude. Methods The effects of CPR at 2700 m and 3700 m above sea level on the physical condition of the rescuers were studied in 8 male volunteers. Results Cardiopulmonary resuscitation for 5 minutes at 3700 m significantly reduced arterial blood oxygen saturation and increased rate-pressure products ( P < .05). Scores on the Borg scale, a subjective score of fatigue, after CPR action at 2700 m ( P < .05) and 3700 m ( P < .01) were higher than the scores at sea level. Conclusions Prolonged CPR at high altitude exerts a significant physical effect upon the condition of rescuers. A role for mechanical devices should be considered wherever possible.
The Epidemiology of Mountain Bike Park Injuries at the Whistler Bike Park, British Columbia (BC), Canada
Authors: Ashwell Zachary , McKay Mary Pat , Brubacher Jeffery R. , Gareau Annie 
Published: October 2014

Objective To describe the epidemiology of injuries sustained during the 2009 season at Whistler Mountain Bike Park. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed of injured bike park cyclists presenting to the Whistler Health Clinic between May 16 and October 12, 2009. Results Of 898 cases, 86% were male (median age, 26 years), 68.7% were Canadian, 19.4% required transport by the Whistler Bike Patrol, and 8.4% arrived by emergency medical services. Identification of 1759 specific injury diagnoses was made, including 420 fractures in 382 patients (42.5%). Upper extremity fractures predominated (75.4%), 11.2% had a traumatic brain injury, and 8.5% were transferred to a higher level of care: 7 by helicopter, 62 by ground, and 5 by personal vehicle. Two patients refused transfer. Conclusions Mountain bikers incurred many injuries with significant morbidity while riding in the Whistler Mountain Bike Park in 2009. Although exposure information is unavailable, these findings demonstrate serious risks associated with this sport and highlight the need for continued research into appropriate safety equipment and risk avoidance measures.
SOME PROPERTIES OF SEMI-ABELIAN -GROUPS
Authors: BENMOUSSA MOHAMMED T. , GUERBOUSSA YASSINE 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe prove a cohomological property for a class of finite $p$-groups introduced earlier by Xu, which we call semi-abelian $p$-groups. This result implies that a semi-abelian $p$-group has noninner automorphisms of order $p$, which settles a long-standing problem for this class. We answer also, independetly, an old question posed by Xu about the power structure of semi-abelian $p$-groups.
Effect of epigenetic modification with trichostatin A and S-adenosylhomocysteine on developmental competence and POU5F1–EGFP expression of interspecies cloned embryos in dog
Authors: Mousai M. , Hosseini S.M. , Hajian M. , Jafarpour F. , Asgari V. , Forouzanfar M. , Nasr-Esfahani M.H. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryAdult canine fibroblasts stably transfected with either cytomegalovirus (CMV) or POU5F1 promoter-driven enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) were used to investigate if pre-treatment of these donor cells with two epigenetic drugs [trichostatin A (TSA), or S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH)] can improve the efficiency of interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer (iSCNT). Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), analyses revealed that TSA, but not SAH, treatment of both transgenic and non-transgenic fibroblasts significantly increased acetylation levels compared with untreated relatives. The expression levels of Bcl2 and P53 were significantly affected in TSA-treated cells compared with untreated cells, whereas SAH treatment had no significant effect on cell apoptosis. Irrespective of epigenetic modification, dog/bovine iSCNT embryos had overall similar rates of cleavage and development to 8–16-cell and morula stages in non-transgenic groups. For transgenic reconstructed embryos, however, TSA and SAH could significantly improve development to 8–16-cell and morula stages compared with control. Even though, irrespective of cell transgenesis and epigenetic modification, none of the iSCNT embryos developed to the blastocyst stage. The iSCNT embryos carrying CMV–EGFP expressed EGFP at all developmental stages (2-cell, 4-cell, 8–16-cell, and morula) without mosaicism, while no POU5F1–EGFP signal was observed in any stage of developing iSCNT embryos irrespective of TSA/SAH epigenetic modifications. These results indicated that bovine oocytes partially remodel canine fibroblasts and that TSA and SAH have marginal beneficial effects on this process.
Decrease in fertilization and cleavage rates, but not in clinical outcomes for infertile men with AZF microdeletion of the Y chromosome
Authors: Zhu Yuan-Chang , Wu Tong-Hua , Li Guan-Gui , Yin Biao , Liu Hong-Jie , Song Cheng , Mo Mei-Lan , Zeng Yong 
Published: October 2014

SummaryThis study aimed to explore whether the presence of a Y chromosome azoospermia factor (AZF) microdeletion confers any adverse effect on embryonic development and clinical outcomes after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment. Fifty-seven patients with AZF microdeletion were included in the present study and 114 oligozoospermia and azoospermia patients without AZF microdeletion were recruited as controls. Both AZF and control groups were further divided into subgroups based upon the methods of semen collection: the AZF-testicular sperm extraction subgroup (AZF-TESE, n = 14), the AZF-ejaculation subgroup (AZF-EJA, n = 43), the control-TESE subgroup (n = 28) and the control-EJA subgroup (n = 86). Clinical data were analyzed in the two groups and four subgroups respectively. A retrospective case–control study was performed. A significantly lower fertilization rate (69.27 versus 75.70%, P = 0.000) and cleavage rate (89.55 versus 94.39%, P = 0.000) was found in AZF group compared with the control group. Furthermore, in AZF-TESE subgroup, the fertilization rate (67.54 versus 74.25%, P = 0.037) and cleavage rate (88.96 versus 94.79%, P = 0.022) were significantly lower than in the control-TESE subgroup; similarly, the fertilization rate (69.85 versus 75.85%, P = 0.004) and cleavage rate (89.36 versus 94.26%, P = 0.002) in AZF-EJA subgroup were significantly lower than in the control-EJA subgroup; however, the fertilization rate and cleavage rate in AZF-TESE (control-TESE) subgroup was similar to that in the AZF-EJA (control-EJA) subgroup. The other clinical outcomes were comparable between four subgroups (P > 0.05). Therefore, sperm from patients with AZF microdeletion, obtained either by ejaculation or TESE, may have lower fertilization and cleavage rates, but seem to have comparable clinical outcomes to those from patients without AZF microdeletion.
Expression and cellular distribution of zona pellucida glycoproteins in canine oocytes before and afterin vitromaturation
Authors: Kempisty Bartosz , Piotrowska Hanna , Bukowska Dorota , Woźna Magdalena , Ciesiółka Sylwia , Wojtanowicz-Markiewicz Katarzyna , Włodarczyk Renata , Jopek Karol , Jeseta Michal , Bruska Małgorzata , Nowicki Michał , Jaśkowski Jędrzej M. , Brüssow Klaus-Peter , Zabel Maciej 
Published: October 2014

SummaryThis study was aimed at investigating zona pellucida glycoproteins (ZP) ZP2, ZP3 mRNA expression as well as ZP3, ZP4 (ZPB) protein distribution before and afterin vitromaturation (IVM) in canine oocytes. The cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) were recovered from 27 anoestrous mongrel bitches and matured for 72 h in TCM199 medium. The canine COCs were analysed before and after IVM. Using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR), both groups of oocytes were analysed for detection of ZP2 and ZP3 mRNA profiles as well as using confocal microscopic analysis for observation of ZP3 and ZP4 protein distribution. In post-IVM canine oocytes an increase in transcript content of ZP2 and ZP3 genes as well as a decrease in ZP3 and ZP4 protein levels were observed when compared with pre-IVM oocytes. Moreover, the ZP4 protein before IVM was significantly distributed in the peripheral area of cytoplasm, whereas after IVM it was localized rather than in the entire cytoplasm. In contrast, the ZP3 protein was found both before and after IVM was distributed in the peripheral area of the cytoplasm. In conclusion, we suggest that the expression of ZP2 and ZP3 genes is associated with the maturation stage of canine oocytes, as higher mRNAs levels were found after IVM. However, a decreased expression of ZP3 and ZP4 proteins after IVM suggests maturation-dependent down-regulation of these protein translations, which may result in disturbed fertilization.
Investigation of histone H4 hyperacetylation dynamics in the 5S rRNA genes family by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay
Authors: Burlibașa Liliana , Suciu Ilinca 
Published: October 2014

SummaryOogenesis is a critical event in the formation of female gamete, whose role in development is to transfer genomic information to the next generation. During this process, the gene expression pattern changes dramatically concomitant with genome remodelling, while genomic information is stably maintained. The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of H4 acetylation of the oocyte and somatic 5S rRNA genes in Triturus cristatus, using chromatin immunoprecipitation assay (ChIP). Our findings suggest that some epigenetic mechanisms such as histone acetylation could be involved in the transcriptional regulation of 5S rRNA gene families.
(Un/Semi-)supervised SMS text message SPAM detection
Authors: GIANNELLA CHRIS R. , WINDER RANSOM , WILSON BRANDON 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe address the problem of unsupervised and semi-supervised SMS (Short Message Service) text message SPAM detection. We develop a content-based Bayesian classification approach which is a modest extension of the technique discussed by Resnik and Hardisty in 2010. The approach assumes that the bodies of the SMS messages arise from a probabilistic generative model and estimates the model parameters by Gibbs sampling using an unlabeled, or partially labeled, SMS training message corpus. The approach classifies new SMS messages as SPAM or HAM (non-SPAM) by zero-thresholding their logit estimates. We tested the approach on a publicly available SMS corpora collected from the UK. Used in semi-supervised fashion, the approach clearly outperformed a competing algorithm, Semi-Boost. Used in unsupervised fashion, the approach outperformed a fully supervised classifier, an SVM (Support Vector Machine), when the number of training messages used by the SVM was small and performed comparably otherwise. We believe the approach works well and is a useful tool for SMS SPAM detection.
Prevalence of schizophrenia and related disorders in Malaga (Spain): results using multiple clinical databases
Authors: Moreno-Küstner B. , Mayoral F. , Navas-Campaña D. , García-Herrera J. M. , Angona P. , Martín C. , Rivas F. 
Published: October 2014

Background.To calculate the 1-year prevalence of schizophrenia and related disorders in a catchment area of Malaga (Spain) and determine the prevalence by gender, dwelling (rural or urban) and socioeconomic area (deprived or non-deprived area).Method.This cross-sectional study comprised the mental health area covered by Carlos Haya Hospital. We used multiple large clinical databases and key informants to identify cases.Results.The mean 1-year prevalence of schizophrenia and related disorders was 6.27 per 1000. It was nearly double in men (8.45 per 1000) than in women (4.26 per 1000) (p < 0.001), with a male-to-female ratio of 1.98. The rate was higher in urban (6.64 per 1000) than rural areas (3.95 per 1000) (p < 0.0001) and in socioeconomic deprived areas (7.56 per 1000) than non-deprived areas (6.12 per 1000) (p = 0.005). For the subgroup of schizophrenia, the rates were: men, 5.88 per 1000 and women, 2.2 per 1000 (p < 0.0001), with a male-to-female ratio of 2.67. The rate was also higher in urban (4.2 per 1000) than rural areas (2.49 per 1000) (p < 0.0001) and in socioeconomic deprived areas (4.49 per 1000) than non-deprived areas (3.9 per 1000) (p =0.149).Conclusions.The use of multiple clinical sources of information not only from mental health services, but also from emergency departments, primary care and private settings revealed high prevalence rates of schizophrenia and related disorders. This diagnosis is more common in men and in cities. Such precise estimates of the prevalence of schizophrenia have important repercussions for resource allocation and policy planning.
Standoffish States: Nonliterate Leviathans in Southeast Asia
Authors: Slater Dan , Kim Diana 
Published: October 2014

AbstractUnder what conditions do states strive to homogenise their populations, rendering them ‘legible’ for state-making projects? Virtually all conditions, according to James Scott's landmark treatise,The Art of Not Being Governed. Whereas Scott sees states’ appetites to standardise their populations for purposes of control and extraction as practically universal, we see this appetite as radically and fascinatingly uneven. Much as Scott sees mobile populations as ‘nonliterate’ due to their disinterest in (and not their ignorance of) the purported fruits of civilisation, we see Leviathans as frequently ‘nonliterate’ in their disinclination (and not simply their incapacity) to actively administer their subjects and territory: even in Southeast Asia, the region that has done more than any other to generate Scott's theories of state power and practice. We thus argue that the world is riddled with standoffish states, not just standardising states. Even in the zones where the potential costs of eschewing the pursuit of legibility appear highest – those containing violent insurgencies – states can prove surprisingly disinterested in pursuing centralised governance in a highly administrative manner. We highlight four alternative strategies – indirect rule, divide and conquer, militarised pacification, and forcible expulsion – that states commonly deploy to fulfil what we see as their most fundamental objective: preventing political challenges to the ruling centre.
Broad impacts of fine-scale dynamics on seascape structure from zooplankton to seabirds
Authors: Bertrand Arnaud , Grados Daniel , Colas François , Bertrand Sophie , Capet Xavier , Chaigneau Alexis , Vargas Gary , Mousseigne Alexandre , Fablet Ronan 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn marine ecosystems, like most natural systems, patchiness is the rule. A characteristic of pelagic ecosystems is that their ‘substrate’ consists of constantly moving water masses, where ocean surface turbulence creates ephemeral oases. Identifying where and when hotspots occur and how predators manage those vagaries in their preyscape is challenging because wide-ranging observations are lacking. Here we use a unique data set, gathering high-resolution and wide-range acoustic and GPS-tracking data. We show that the upper ocean dynamics at scales less than 10 km play the foremost role in shaping the seascape from zooplankton to seabirds. Short internal waves (100 m–1 km) play a major role, while submesoscale (~1–20 km) and mesoscale (~20–100 km) turbulence have a comparatively modest effect. Predicted changes in surface stratification due to global change are expected to have an impact on the number and intensity of physical structures and thus biological interactions from plankton to top predators.
Dual‐mode wide‐range linear CMOS interface circuit for resistive sensors
Authors: Kim Sung‐Woo , Eom Won‐Jin , Choi Jaehyouk , Kim Jae Joon 
Published: October 2014

A dual‐mode adaptive method to provide a wide‐range linear sensing characteristic over various resistive sensors is presented. A high‐R mode acts as a resistance‐to‐digital converter without an analogue‐to‐digital converter (ADC), and a low‐R mode utilises an adaptive current source to keep the required ADC resolution below 8 bits. A prototype of the dual‐mode sensor interface was fabricated in a 0.18 μm CMOS process, and its measured coverage of sensor resistance was from 750 to 1.2 MΩ. The power dissipation with a 1.8 V supply was 2.6–3.1 μW in the high‐R mode and 0.31–2.1 mW in the low‐R mode.