bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensory analysis integrated by palynological and physicochemical determinations plays a key role in differentiating unifloral honeys of similar botanical origins (Myrtaceae honeys from southern Spain)
Authors: Rodríguez Inmaculada , Serrano Salud , Galán‐Soldevilla Hortensia , Piva Giulio , Ubera Jose Luis 
Published: April 2015

SummaryMyrtaceae honeys produced in Sierra Morena (southern Spain, Andalusia) are obtained from both Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Myrtus communis, and honeys can be easily confused when classified as they come from the same botanical family. The characterisation was intended on the basis of their physicochemical, sensory and palynological properties. Cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA) allowed us to make a distinction between two honey profiles. The first one corresponds to the European sensory profile described for Eucalyptus unifloral honeys. The second profile, which sensory characteristics are absolutely different, has not been previously described. Classification of samples is proposed to be based on their pollen type and content and sensory attributes. Therefore, pollen type and content in E. camaldulensis and M. communis are required to distinguish Eucalyptus honey type from other honeys coming from Myrtaceae family. Sensory analysis identifies honey botanical source as well as palynological analysis: Eucalyptus sensory profile requires over 50% of E. camaldulensis and under 30% of M. communis pollen. Previously undefined sensory profile of myrtle honey is showed under 50% of E. camaldulensis and over 30% of M. communis pollen.
Risk Factors for Ischemic Stroke and its Subtypes in Chinese vs. Caucasians: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Tsai Chung-Fen , Anderson Niall , Thomas Brenda , Sudlow Cathie L. M. 
Published: April 2015

Background Chinese populations are reported to have a different distribution of ischemic stroke subtypes compared with Caucasians. Aims To understand this better, we aimed to evaluate the differences in prevalence of risk factors in ischemic stroke and their distributions among ischemic stroke subtypes in Chinese vs. Caucasians. Summary or review We systematically sought studies conducted since 1990 with data on frequency of risk factors among ischemic stroke subtypes in Chinese or Caucasians. For each risk factor, we calculated study-specific and random effects pooled estimates in Chinese and Caucasians separately for: prevalence among ischemic stroke; odds ratios, comparing prevalence for each ischemic stroke subtype vs. all others. We included seven studies among 16 199 Chinese, and eleven among 16 189 Caucasian ischemic stroke patients. Risk factors studied were hypertension, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, ischemic heart disease, hypercholesterolemia, smoking and alcohol. Chinese ischemic stroke patients had younger onset of stroke than Caucasians, similar prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, smoking and alcohol, and significantly lower prevalence of atrial fibrillation, ischemic heart disease and hypercholesterolemia. Risk factor associations with ischemic stroke subtypes were mostly similar among Chinese and Caucasian ischemic stroke patients. Compared with all other ischemic subtypes, diabetes was more common in large artery stroke, atrial fibrillation and ischemic heart disease in cardioembolic stroke, and hypertension and diabetes in lacunar stroke. Conclusion Our study showed a lower prevalence of atrial fibrillation, ischemic heart disease and hypercholesterolemia in Chinese, and mostly similar risk factor associations in Chinese and Caucasian ischemic stroke patients. Further analyses of individual patient data to allow adjustment for confounders are needed to confirm and extend these findings.
Temperature Stability of Lead‐Free Niobate Piezoceramics with Engineered Morphotropic Phase Boundary
Authors: Wang Ruiping , Wang Ke , Yao Fangzhou , Li Jing‐Feng , Schader Florian H. , Webber Kyle G. , Jo Wook , Rödel Jürgen 
Published: April 2015

The temperature dependence of piezoelectric properties (direct piezoelectric coefficient d33, converse piezoelectric coefficient d33(E = 0), strain S and electromechanical coupling coefficient kp) for two niobate‐based lead‐free piezoceramics have been contrasted. 0.92(Na0.5K0.5)NbO3–0.02(Bi1/2Li1/2)TiO3–0.06BaZrO3 (6BZ/2BLT/92NKN) has a morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) between rhombohedral and tetragonal at room temperature and 0.92(Na0.5K0.5)NbO3–0.03(Bi1/2Li1/2)TiO3–0.05BaZrO3 (5BZ/3BLT/92NKN) features an MPB engineered to be located below room temperature. At 30°C, d33, d33(E = 0), S (at 2 kV/mm), and kp are 252 pC/N, 230 pm/V, 0.069%, 0.51 for 5BZ/3BLT/92NKN; and 348 pC/N, 380 pm/V, 0.106%, 0.57 for 6BZ/2BLT/92NKN, respectively. With increasing temperature, the piezoelectric properties decrease. At 200°C, d33, d33(E = 0), S (at 2 kV/mm), and kp are 170 pC/N, 160 pm/V, 0.059%, 0.36 for 5BZ/3BLT/92NKN; and 181 pC/N, 190 pm/V, 0.061%, 0.39 for 6BZ/2BLT/92NKN. It is found that the electromechanical coupling coefficient has a better temperature stability than the piezoelectric coefficient in the studied system due to a large temperature‐dependent compliance change. The results demonstrate that engineering an MPB is highly effective in tailoring temperature stability of piezoceramics.
Circulating cell‐free mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid is increased in coronary heart disease patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Liu Jing , Zou Ying , Tang Yi , Xi Mingming , Xie Liang , Zhang Qigao , Gong Jianbin 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAims/IntroductionCirculating cell‐free mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (ccf‐mtDNA) is presumably derived from injured tissues or cells in the body and has been suggested to be potential biomarker in several diseases. The present study explored whether mtDNA could be used as a biomarker to evaluate disease in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients with or without diabetes mellitus (DM).Materials and MethodsA total of 50 CHD patients with type 2 diabetes, 50 CHD patients without type 2 diabetes, and 50 age‐ and sex‐matched patients without CHD and DM (non‐CHD‐DM) were recruited. Ccf‐mtDNA levels were assessed by measuring the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase 1 gene using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of plasma mtDNA in CHD with or without DM was also determined. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were carried out to determine the correlation between the mtDNA levels and traditional CHD risk factors.ResultsThe plasma ccf‐mtDNA levels were significantly elevated in CHD patients with DM compared with those without and non‐CHD‐DM. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves of mtDNA in CHD patients with DM vs non‐CHD‐DM was 0.907%. Correlation analyses of the mtDNA levels and traditional CHD risk factors showed that the mtDNA levels were significantly correlated with fasting blood glucose in CHD patients with DM.ConclusionsCcf‐mtDNA levels can be used as a biomarker in CHD patients with DM.
Cutaneous mosaicism, in KRT1 pI479T patient, caused by the somatic loss of the wild‐type allele, leads to the increase in local severity of the disease
Authors: Palombo R. , Giannella E. , Didona B. , Annicchiarico‐Petruzzelli M. , Melino G. , Terrinoni A. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundEpidermolytic ichthyosis (BCIE, OMIM 113800), is an autosomal dominant disorder of the skin caused by mutations in keratin genes KRT1 and KRT10. We present two sporadic patients showing a mild diffuse ichthyosis with palmoplantar keratoderma. Interestingly, one of them shows a significant hyperkeratosis of palms and soles similar to those present in the Meleda disease (OMIM 248300).ObjectiveIn this paper we would clarify the genetic difference between the two patients, giving rise to the different phenotype.MethodsClinical evaluation, followed by histological and molecular analysis has been established for these patients.ResultsWe demonstrated the presence of a genetic cutaneous mosaicism. Both patients carry the KRT1 pI479T substitution, but in the palmoplantar areas of one of them, only the mutated allele is expressed (hemizygous). This leads to highlight a new type of cutaneous mosaic, the palmoplantar mosaicism.
Host switching in cowbird brood parasites: how often does it occur?
Authors: Domínguez M. , de la Colina M. A. , Di Giacomo A. G. , Reboreda J. C. , Mahler B. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAvian obligate brood parasites lay their eggs in nests of host species, which provide all parental care. Brood parasites may be host specialists, if they use one or a few host species, or host generalists, if they parasitize many hosts. Within the latter, strains of host‐specific females might coexist. Although females preferentially parasitize one host, they may occasionally successfully parasitize the nest of another species. These host switching events allow the colonization of new hosts and the expansion of brood parasites into new areas. In this study, we analyse host switching in two parasitic cowbirds, the specialist screaming cowbird (Molothrus rufoaxillaris) and the generalist shiny cowbird (M. bonariensis),and compare the frequency of host switches between these species with different parasitism strategies. Contrary to expected, host switches did not occur more frequently in the generalist than in the specialist brood parasite. We also found that migration between hosts was asymmetrical in most cases and host switches towards one host were more recurrent than backwards, thus differing among hosts within the same species. This might depend on a combination of factors including the rate at which females lay eggs in nests of alternative hosts, fledging success of the chicks in this new host and their subsequent success in parasitizing it.
Estimating Emissions from Electricity Generation Using Electricity Dispatch Models: The Importance of System Operating Constraints
Authors: Raichur Vineet , Callaway Duncan S. , Skerlos Steven J. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryThis article develops a modeling approach for estimating emissions (e.g., carbon dioxide) from nuclear, coal, natural gas, and hydropower generators in reaction to short‐term changes to electricity demand. The modeling approach accounts for a set of operating constraints (OCs), including scheduled maintenance, forced outage, spinning reserves, fuel switching, seasonal output capacities, and seasonal hydro resource availability. It is found that these OCs are important to achieve reasonable estimates of electricity production by fuel type as well as associated emissions. This conclusion follows from an analysis of electric power generation by networks of power plants in Texas and New York in 2004 and 2005. The inputs to the model with operating constraints (OC model) developed in this article include hourly electricity demand, fuel costs, a list of power plants in the network, their basic generation characteristics, and the set of OCs developed in this article. Given these inputs, the OC model estimates the hourly amount of electricity generation by each power plant in the network, which leads to estimates of marginal resource consumption and emissions. Our central result is that historical annual and monthly generation by fuel type and efficiency are well estimated by the OC model and that the exclusion of OCs leads to poor estimates. This work can be combined with emerging work on wind and solar generation to provide a complete picture of contemporary grid dispatch and associated emissions.
Challenges of microtome‐based serial block‐face scanning electron microscopy in neuroscience
Authors: WANNER A. A. , KIRSCHMANN M. A. , GENOUD C. 
Published: April 2015

SummarySerial block‐face scanning electron microscopy (SBEM) is becoming increasingly popular for a wide range of applications in many disciplines from biology to material sciences. This review focuses on applications for circuit reconstruction in neuroscience, which is one of the major driving forces advancing SBEM. Neuronal circuit reconstruction poses exceptional challenges to volume EM in terms of resolution, field of view, acquisition time and sample preparation. Mapping the connections between neurons in the brain is crucial for understanding information flow and information processing in the brain. However, information on the connectivity between hundreds or even thousands of neurons densely packed in neuronal microcircuits is still largely missing. Volume EM techniques such as serial section TEM, automated tape‐collecting ultramicrotome, focused ion‐beam scanning electron microscopy and SBEM (microtome serial block‐face scanning electron microscopy) are the techniques that provide sufficient resolution to resolve ultrastructural details such as synapses and provides sufficient field of view for dense reconstruction of neuronal circuits. While volume EM techniques are advancing, they are generating large data sets on the terabyte scale that require new image processing workflows and analysis tools. In this review, we present the recent advances in SBEM for circuit reconstruction in neuroscience and an overview of existing image processing and analysis pipelines.
The Neuroimaging Spectrum of Septum Posticum Derangement and Associated Thoracic Myelopathy
Authors: Hakky Michael M. , Justaniah Almamoon I. , David Carlos , French Robert J. , Martin Dann , Kwok Nathan , Erbay Sami H. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDArachnoid cysts and meningeal membranes are among the differential diagnostic considerations of extra‐medullary causes of thoracic myelopathy. In this case series of 7 patients, we present compressive meningeal membranes mimicking dorsal arachnoid cyst. The propensity of the meningeal membranes for the dorsal aspect of upper thoracic spine may reflect derangements of the septum posticum.OBJECTIVETo provide the spectrum of imaging appearances and clinical presentations of pathology of the septum posticum to improve imaging utilization and to better guide treatment planning.METHODSSeven patients aged 40 to 75 with MRI findings of ventral displacement and dorsal cord compression in the upper thoracic spine were further evaluated with CT‐myelograms. The primary indication was to exclude dorsal arachnoid cyst. Two patients with progressive symptoms and lower extremity weakness were operated for decompression.RESULTSCT‐myelogram excluded space occupying lesions and cord herniation in all cases. Intradural dorsal meningeal webs and membranes were inconsistently visualized. In the 2 operated cases, thick coalescing membranes and hyperdynamic turbulent CSF flow were severely compressing the thoracic cord.CONCLUSIONDerangements of septum posticum may present a spectrum of findings that should be considered in the differential of thoracic myelopathy. Flattening of the posterior cord margin is a reliable imaging clue for a dorsal extra‐medullary compressive lesion. Cord compression results from combination of adhesive membranes and turbulent CSF flow. The clinical course may be difficult to predict. Periodic imaging follow up can be helpful to confirm stability of findings in expectantly managed cases.
Toluhydroquinone from A
spergillus sp. suppress inflammatory mediators via nuclear factor-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinases pathways in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 cells
Authors: Hwang Dukhyun , Son Byeng-Wha , Shin Pyung-Gyun , Choi Jae-Sue , Seo Yong-Bae , Kim Gun-Do 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Objectives
The purpose of this study is to investigate anti-inflammatory effects of toluhydroquinone in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells.

Methods
Toluhydroquinone was purified from a fungal strain, Aspergillus sp. We investigated that levels of nitric oxide (NO) using Griess reagent, production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and pro-inflammatory cytokines using ELISA assay. We conducted Western blot analysis to investigate regulatory effects of toluhydroquinone on expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxyganse-2 (COX-2), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. The translocation of NF-κB was detected by immunofluorescence staining.

Key findings
Toluhydroquinone inhibited production of NO and PGE2 via suppressing protein expression of iNOS and COX-2, respectively. Secretion and expression of inflammatory cytokines were down-regulated by toluhydroquinone as well. Toluhydroquinone reduced phosphorylation of Akt, NF-κB and MAPKs. Moreover, toluhydroquinone inhibited translocation of NF-κB from the cytosol into the nucleus.

Conclusions
We revealed that inhibitory effects of toluhydroquinone on expression of inflammatory mediators are induced through inactivation of Akt, NF-κB and MAPKs. Thus, our results suggest that toluhydroquinone may be used for a potential anti-inflammatory reagent.
Evaluation of in‐hospital electrocardiography versus 24‐hour Holter for rate control in dogs with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Gelzer A. R. , Kraus M. S. , Rishniw M. 
Published: April 2015

ObjectivesTo determine if the in‐clinic ECG‐derived heart rate could predict the at‐home Holter‐derived 24‐hour average heart rate (Holter24h), and whether it is useful to identify slow versus fast atrial fibrillation in dogs.Materials and Methods82 pairs of 1‐minute ECGs and 24‐hour Holter recordings were acquired in 34 dogs with atrial fibrillation. The initial 24‐hour Holter was used to test if the ECG heart rate can identify dogs with “slow” versus “fast” atrial fibrillation based on a Holter24h threshold value of 140 bpm.ResultsECG heart rate overestimated Holter24h by 26 bpm (95% CI: 3 bpm, 48 bpm; P < 0 · 015) with a 95% limit of agreement of −21 to 83 bpm. The in‐clinic ECG‐derived heart rate Ä155 bpm had a sensitivity of 73% and a specificity of 100% for identifying a Holter24h HR Ä140 bpm; an in‐clinic ECG‐derived HR <160 bpm had a sensitivity and specificity of 91% each.Clinical SignificanceIn‐clinic ECG assessment of heart rate in dogs with atrial fibrillation does not reliably predict the heart rate in their home environment. However, an in‐clinic heart rate greater than 155 bpm is useful in identifying “fast” atrial fibrillation, allowing clinicians to stratify which case may benefit from antiarrhythmic therapy.
Quality Improvement of Reduced‐Salt, Phosphate‐Free Fish Patties from Processed By‐Products of Nile Tilapia Using Textural Additives and Bioactive Rice Bran Compounds
Authors: Wongthahan Peerapong , Thawornchinsombut Supawan 
Published: April 2015

AbstractOver 60% of tilapia by‐products from the frozen fillet industry are wasted. In response to the increased health consciousness of consumers, we investigated the effects of lowered salt content, phosphate substitute additives and natural antioxidants on the quality improvement of patties made from processed by‐products of tilapia. We determined the effect of 0.5% k‐carrageenan, Citri‐Fi 100 fine granulated and xanthan gum combined with 0.5% microbial transglutaminase and 0.3% NaHCO3 on the textural qualities of reduced‐salt (1% NaCl) Nile tilapia patties (made from an 80:20 ratio of trimmed meat to belly flap) then compared this with a control with sodium tripolyphosphate (0.3%). After 12 freeze‐thaw cycles, k‐carrageenan was observed to improve the textural quality and lower cooking losses better than other treatments (P ≤ 0.05). Rice bran protein hydrolysate and red jasmine rice bran extract (2%) could be used instead of butylated hydroxyanisole (0.02%) to prevent lipid oxidation in reduced‐salt, k‐carrageenan‐supplemented patties during freezing and thawing.Practical ApplicationsThailand boasts robust production, consumption and export of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linn); notwithstanding, over 60% of by‐products are discarded including the trimmed and belly flap meat. These are, however, low‐value, high‐fat meats, which limit shelf life and create an undesirable flavor and texture in processed products. Appropriate textural additives (i.e., MTGase, various hydrocolloids) and natural antioxidants (i.e., bioactive rice bran compounds) are promising as additives because they enhance the textural qualities and stability in reduced‐salt, phosphate‐free fish patties made from processed tilapia by‐products. Supportive findings would lead to efficient, industrial‐scale use of these by‐products.
Muscle‐Specific Variation in Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Meat Texture: Biochemical, Ultrastructural and Proteome Characterization
Authors: Kiran M. , Naveena B.M. , Reddy K.S. , Shashikumar M. , Reddy V.R. , Kulkarni V.V. , Rapole S. , More T.H. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis study was conducted to unravel the variation in meat quality between tender (psoas major, PM) and less tender (longissimus lumborum, LL) muscles of Indian water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). PM and LL were subjected to physicochemical analysis, ultrastructural study and proteome characterization using two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2‐DE) and mass spectrometry. Higher (P < 0.05) muscle fiber diameter and Warner–Bratzler shear force was observed in LL, whereas higher (P < 0.05) water‐holding capacity and myofibrillar protein extractability was observed in PM. Transmission electron microscopy revealed higher (P < 0.05) sarcomere length in PM compared with LL. Proteome analysis using 2‐DE revealed 123 differentially abundant proteins in PM and LL. The MALDI‐TOF‐TOF MS analysis of selected protein spots from LL and PM with significant (P < 0.05) differences identified the proteins mainly consisting of calcium‐transporting ATPase.Practical ApplicationsOwing to its low fat, low cholesterol and other healthier attributes, meat produced from water buffaloes has gained increased popularity in several Asian and African countries. Tenderness, which is considered to be the most important attribute of meat quality and a trait highly valued by consumers, varies substantially between muscles. In spite of advancements in optimizing tenderness, an unacceptable level of variation does exist. Findings from the present study illustrate the basis of tenderness variability in psoas major and longissimus lumborum muscles of Indian water buffaloes. Our results indicated complex nature of tenderness development and demonstrated a significant variation in biochemical parameters, ultrastructure and proteome expression. Understanding the variation in texture between muscles is a logical first step to develop strategies for better utilization and for delivering highly palatable product to consumers. This study suggests the necessity to develop muscle‐specific tenderization strategies to minimize the variation between tender and less tender muscles.