bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Combined Treatment with Ursolic Acid and Resveratrol on Skin Tumor Promotion by 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-Acetate
Authors: Cho Jiyoon , Rho Okkyung , Junco Jacob , Carbajal Steve , Siegel Dionicio , Slaga Thomas J. , DiGiovanni John 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
In this study, the effects of combining ursolic acid + resveratrol, for possible combined inhibitory effects on skin tumor promotion, were evaluated. Ursolic acid, resveratrol, and the combination of ursolic acid + resveratrol were applied topically prior to 12-O-tetracanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) treatment on mouse skin to examine their effect on TPA-induced signaling pathways, epidermal hyperproliferation, skin inflammation, inflammatory gene expression, and skin tumor promotion. The combination of ursolic acid + resveratrol produced a greater inhibition of TPA-induced epidermal hyperproliferation. The combination of ursolic acid + resveratrol inhibited TPA-induced signaling pathways, including EGFR, STAT3, Src, Akt, Cox-2, Fas, NF-κB, p38 MAPK, c-Jun, and JNK1/2 while increasing levels of tumor suppressors, such as p21 and PDCD4, to a greater extent compared with the groups treated with the individual compounds. Ursolic acid + resveratrol also induced a dramatic increase of p-AMPK-αThr172. Combined treatment with ursolic acid + resveratrol resulted in a greater inhibition of expression of proinflammatory cytokines, including Il1a, Il1b, and Il22. Furthermore, NF-κB, Egr-1, and AP-1 DNA binding activities after TPA treatment were dramatically decreased by the combination of ursolic acid + resveratrol. Treatment with ursolic acid + resveratrol during skin tumor promotion with TPA produced greater inhibition of tumor multiplicity and tumor size than with either agent alone. Collectively, the greater ability of the combination of ursolic acid + resveratrol to inhibit skin tumor promotion was due to the greater inhibitory effects on growth factor and inflammatory signaling, skin inflammation, and epidermal hyperproliferation induced by TPA treatment. Cancer Prev Res; 8(9); 817–25. ©2015 AACR.
The Low-Level Jet over the Southern Great Plains Determined from Observations and Reanalyses and Its Impact on Moisture Transport
Authors: Berg Larry K. , Riihimaki Laura D. , Qian Yun , Yan Huiping , Huang Maoyi 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
This study utilizes six commonly used reanalysis products, including the NCEP–Department of Energy Reanalysis 2 (NCEP2), NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR), ECMWF interim reanalysis (ERA-Interim), Japanese 25-year Reanalysis Project (JRA-25), Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA), and North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR), to evaluate features of the southern Great Plains low-level jet (LLJ) above the U.S. Department of Energy’s Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM) Climate Research Facility (ACRF) Southern Great Plains site. Two sets of radiosonde data are utilized: the six-week Midlatitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment (MC3E) and a 10-yr period spanning 2001 through 2010. All six reanalyses are compared to MC3E data, while only the NARR, MERRA, and CFSR are compared to the 10-yr data. The reanalyses are able to represent most aspects of the composite LLJ profile, although there is a tendency for each reanalysis to overestimate the wind speed between the nose of the LLJ (at approximately 900 mb) and a pressure level of 700 mb. There are large discrepancies in the number of LLJs observed and derived from the reanalysis, particularly for strong LLJs, leading to an underestimate of the moisture transport associated with LLJs. When the 10-yr period is considered, the NARR and CFSR overestimate and MERRA underestimates the total moisture transport, but all three underestimate the transport associated with strong LLJs by factors of 1.4, 2.0, and 2.7 for CFSR, NARR, and MERRA, respectively. During MC3E there were differences in the patterns of moisture convergence and divergence, but the patterns are more consistent during the 10-yr period.
Strikes as a Result of Imperfect Information
Authors: Mauro Martin J. 
Published: June 2015

This paper proposes a model of the bargaining process that recognizes that negotiators have only imperfect information at their command. The author argues that the probability of a strike occurring will increase if one party bases its perception of the opponent's position on the same variables employed to form its own position, when the opponent's position is, in fact, based on different variables. Strike probability is therefore assumed to be related to movements in variables of interest to only one side. The model is tested on a sample of fourteen bargaining relationships drawn from the series Wage Chronology, published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, which details settlements between particular firms and unions over a period of about thirty years. Estimates of strike probability are derived from the maximum-likelihood logit procedure. The findings suggest that although both relative and absolute wage increases in a firm have a negative effect on strike frequency, relative changes are more important. In addition, factors that tend to reduce the potential that the parties will misperceive the positions of one another also reduce the probability of a strike occurring. The analysis shows, for example, that strikes are less likely to occur in bargaining relationships whose agreements follow patterns. Finally, after controlling for fixed effects, the author finds that a strike is less likely to occur if one had taken place at the time of the previous negotiation, indicating that the strike serves a learning process for the parties.
The Effects of Sexual Harassment on Job Satisfaction, Earnings, and Turnover among Female Lawyers
Authors: Laband David N. , Lentz Bernard F. 
Published: June 2015

Using data from the American Bar Association's National Survey of Career Satisfaction/Dissatisfaction (1990), the authors estimate the incidence and impact of sexual harassment in the legal profession. Nearly two-thirds of female lawyers in private practice and nearly half of those in corporate or public agency settings reported either experiencing or observing sexual harassment by male superiors, colleagues, or clients during the two years prior to the survey. Female lawyers who had experienced or observed sexual harassment by male superiors or colleagues reported lower overall job satisfaction than did those who had not, as well as a greater intention to quit. The authors speculate that employers and coworkers may sometimes be able to sexually harass female employees in ways or degrees that are not sanctionable but that induce the victims to quit. Sexual harassment may contribute to an undetermined extent to many aspects of women's employment experience, including absenteeism, turnover, productivity rates and work motivation, job dissatisfaction, and unemployment. —MacKinnon, Sexual Harassment of Working Women
Tolerability of Topical Retinoids
Authors: Culp Leonora , Moradi Tuchayi Sara , Alinia Hossein , Feldman Steven R. 
Published: June 2015

Background: Topical retinoids are first-line treatment options for acne vulgaris. These drugs, however, produce varying degree of cutaneous irritation within the first few weeks of treatment. Objective: Our purpose was to examine differences in tolerability of topical retinoids and assess whether these differences would be clinically meaningful. Methods: A PubMed search was performed for sources on topical retinoids in acne vulgaris treatment. Thirty-four clinical studies were analyzed. Results: Thirteen studies had statistically significant results on tolerability of retinoid based on retinoid, vehicle, concentration, or skin type. All studies classified most of skin reactions as mild-moderate. Large differences in the number of dropouts due to irritation were not identified. Conclusion: Irritation studies did not show a high frequency of clinically significant irritation with topical retinoids. We anticipate that the large variation in patient use of topical retinoids would likely account for more variation in response than differences between drug formulations.
Efficacy of Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors in Oral Lichen Planus
Authors: Sotoodian Bahman , Lo Jacky , Lin Andrew 
Published: June 2015

Background: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is associated with severe pain and significant impairment for patients. Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of topical calcineurin inhibitors (TCI) in the treatment of OLP. Methods: Medline and the Cochrane Database were searched using the keywords “calcineurin inhibitor OR tacrolimus OR pimecrolimus” AND “oral lichen planus.” Results: Four retrospective studies that looked at the effects of tacrolimus on OLP; 4 randomized, double-blind clinical trials (RDBCT) comparing tacrolimus with topical corticosteroids; and 5 RDBCT comparing pimecrolimus with placebo or triamcinolone were noted. Six open prospective and multiple case reports assessing the efficacy of calcineurin inhibitor for treatment of diverse types of OLP were found. Conclusion: There is strong evidence to suggest that the use of tacrolimus 0.1% ointment and pimecrolimus 1% cream is superior or equally efficacious as traditional therapies for OLP. Topical calcineurin inhibitors are well tolerated, with no significant systemic adverse effects.
The effectiveness of the waffle-cone technique in treating complex intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Lee Shih-min , Kim Young-Joon , Ko Jung Ho 
Published: June 2015

We report 13 consecutive cases of complex intracranial aneurysms treated by the waffle-cone technique and the midterm angiographic results and discuss the effectiveness and safety of this technique. We performed a retrospective review to evaluating the angiographic results and clinical effectiveness of 15 cases in which waffle-cone stenting for treating broad-necked complex intracranial aneurysms at our institution up to July 2008. Among these 15 patients, we enrolled 13 patients who had undergone at least one follow-up angiography. We collected patient data including age, sex, ruptured state, aneurysm size, neck size, complications, initial Hunt and Hess (HH) grade, modified Rankin Score (mRS) at the last angiographic follow-up, and initial and follow- up angiographic results. The mean size of the aneurysm was 10.6 mm (range, 4.0 to 20.4 mm) and the mean size of the aneurysm neck was 5.7 mm (range, 2.7 to 9.2 mm). The mean angiographic follow-up time was 13.6 months (range, six to 30 months). There were no procedure-related complications. However, there were two delayed complications. One complication was delayed focal embolic infarct and the other complication was delayed rebleeding. Angiographic improvement was achieved in two cases (15.4%), stable occlusion was achieved in seven cases (53.8%), and recanalization or compaction that needed retreatment occurred in four cases (30.8%). We think that the waffle-cone technique is an effective alternative in selected aneurysms unable to be “Y” stented or surgically clipped.
Insertion of a pressure sensing arrayminimally affects hindfoot bone kinematics
Authors: Natsakis Tassos , Burg Josefien , Dereymaeker Greta , Jonkers Ilse , Sloten Jos Vander 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding the development of ankle osteoarthritis (OA) is of high importance and interest; however its causality is poorly understood and several links to joint loading conditions have been made. One way of quantifying joint loading conditions is by measuring the intra‐articular pressure distribution during gait simulations performed by in‐vitro experimental set‐ups. However the effect of inserting a pressure sensing array in the ankle joint could potentially disturb the proper kinematics and therefore the loading conditions.MethodsIn this study, we performed in‐vitro gait simulations in 7 cadaveric feet, before and after inserting a pressure sensing array and quantified the effect on the joints range of motion (ROM). The gait was simulated with a stance phase duration of one second using a custom build cadaveric gait simulator (CGS).ResultsThe results show a limited effect in the ROM for all the joints of the hind foot, not exceeding the variability observed in specimens without a sensor. However, no consistent direction (increase/decrease) can be observed.ConclusionThe results suggest that even though the effect of inserting a pressure sensing array is minimal, it needs to be evaluated against the demands/requirements of the application.
Immunogenicity of 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine among infants attending Mbagathi District Hospital, Kenya
Authors: Walekhwa Michael , Muturi Margaret , Bukusi Elizabeth 
Published: June 2015

Introduction: This study aimed to determine the serum concentration of IgG antibodies as an indicator of immunogenicity, alongside the assessment of socio-demographic factors that affect IgG antibody levels in infants immunized with 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-10) at the Mbagathi District Hospital in Kenya.Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study measured serum IgG antibodies among infants who had completed a 3-dose course of PCV-10. IgG antibodies to pneumococcal serotype-specific capsular polysaccharide were measured through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results: The majority (83%) of infants who completed the required dose of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine had serum titres of pneumococcal disease- (PD) specific IgG antibodies of between 0.34 mg/dl and 0.36 mg/dl. 4% of infants had serum titres of 0.30 mg/dl to 0.33 mg/dl. The remaining 2% had IgG antibody titres of either ≤0.25 mg/dl, or between 0.25 mg/dl to 0.29 mg/dl. Additionally, there was multi-collinearity among the IgG antibody levels of the infants studied and several variables that had an effect on these levels. These included: alcohol consumption by infants’ biological mothers during pregnancy (r =.595, p ≤ 0.05); maternal diet during pregnancy (r =.137, p ≤ 0.05); breastfeeding frequency (r =.220, p ≤ 0.05); proximity to other children (r =.133, p ≤ 0.05); child hospitalization (r =.131, p ≤ 0.05) and chronic illness (r =.154, p ≤0.01).Conclusion: PCV-10 is immunogenic against PD four weeks after completion of 3-doses among the infants attending the Child Welfare clinic at the Mbagathi District Hospital in Kenya. Socio-demographic factors which include consumption of alcoholic drinks by infant’s biological mother during pregnancy and study infant chronic illness negatively affect the development of PD specific IgG. A balanced maternal diet during pregnancy and a breastfeeding frequency superior to three times per day have a significant positive effect on serum pneumococcal IgG levels among infants.
Buckling Behaviour of Cylindrical Panels
Authors: Ashok R.B. , Srinivasa C.V , Suresh Y.J. , Prema Kumar W.P. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractExperimental studies were made on isotropic cylindrical panels made of Aluminum 7075-T6 under uniaxial compression. The experimental values of the critical buckling load were determined using four different methods. The critical buckling load was also determined using MSC/NASTRAN and CQUAD8 finite element. The experimental values of the critical buckling load obtained by different methods were compared with the finite element solution. The effects of the panel angle, panel length and panel thickness on the critical buckling load of isotropic cylindrical panels made of Aluminum 7075-T6 were studied. It is found that the Method III (based on a plot of applied load versus average axial strain) yields the highest value for critical buckling load and Method II (based on a plot of applied load versus square of out-of-planede deflection) the lowest value for critical buckling load. The experimental values given by Method III are seen to be closest to the finite element solution. Critical buckling load increases monotonically as panel angle increases.
Orthoamide und Iminiumsalze, XC. Das RIBIL-Konzept – Reaktive Iminiumsalz-basierte ionische Flüssigkeiten
Authors: Kantlehner Willi , Saur Stefan , Knobloch Georg , Tussetschläger Stefan 
Published: June 2015

Zusammenfassung:
Es wird vorgeschlagen, das Akronym „RIBIL“ für flüssige, reaktive, Iminiumsalz-basierte Verbindungen zu verwenden. Eine Zusammenstellung von strukturell unterschiedlichen RIBILs wird vorgestellt. Die Anwendung von RIBILs als Reaktionsmedium ist vorteilhaft, da sie bei geeigneter Wahl der Reaktanden eine besonders einfache Aufarbeitung erlaubt. Die Reaktion äquimolarer Mengen an aliphatischen Carbonsäuren und Alkoholen in N,N-Dimethyl-(hydroxymethylen)iminium-hydrogensulfat (DMF/H2SO4-Addukt) (20c) führt zu Carbonsäureestern, die sich aus dem Reaktionsgemisch als zweite Phase abscheiden.
Synthesis and characterization of a disordered variant of KB5O7(OH)2
Authors: Ortner Teresa S. , Schauperl Michael , Wurst Klaus , Hofer Thomas S. , Huppertz Hubert 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The potassium pentaborate KB5O7(OH)2 reported herein crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21
/c (no. 14) with the lattice parameters a = 904.8(2), b = 753.2(2), c = 1214.9(5) pm, β = 117.16(2)°, and V = 0.73663(5) nm3 (Z = 4). It is a disordered structural variant of an already known compound with the same composition (a = 766.90(3), b = 904.45(3), c = 1223.04(4) pm, β = 119.132(2)°, and V = 0.74101(5) nm3 (Z = 4)) reported by Wu in 2011. The disorder of the potassium cation in the single crystal structure determination of KB5O7(OH)2 presented here leads to a remarkably elongated a axis and a corresponding reduction of the length of the b axis in comparison to the ordered compound. The disordered variant was obtained through a hydrothermal synthesis from KNO3, B2O3, and Ce(NO3)3·6H2O with a molar ratio of 1:1:0.07.
Adrenal insufficiency in a child following unilateral excision of a dual-hormone secreting phaeochromocytoma
Authors: Sjoeholm Annika , Li Cassandra , Leem Chaey , Lee Aiden , Stack Maria P , Hofman Paul L , Wheeler Benjamin J 
Published: June 2015

Summary
Phaeochromocytomas are a rare clinical entity, with dual hormone-secreting lesions particularly uncommon, seen in <1%. ACTH is the most common hormone co-produced, and is potentially lethal if not diagnosed. We present the case of a previously well 10-year-old boy, who presented acutely with a hypertensive crisis and was found to have a unilateral, non-syndromic phaeochromocytoma. Medical stabilization of his hypertension was challenging, and took 3 weeks to achieve, before proceeding to unilateral adrenalectomy. Post-operatively the child experienced severe fatigue and was subsequently confirmed to have adrenal insufficiency. He improved markedly with hydrocortisone replacement therapy, which is ongoing 6 months post-operatively. In retrospect this likely represents unrecognized, sub-clinical ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome secondary to an ACTH/or precursor dual-hormone secreting phaeochromocytoma. At follow-up, his hypertension had resolved, there was no biochemical evidence of recurrence of the phaeochromocytoma, and genetic analysis was indicative of a sporadic lesion.

Learning points

Dual hormone secreting phaeochromocytomas with ACTH/or a precursor may cause secondary adrenal insufficiency following surgical removal.

The concurrent features of Cushing's syndrome can be mild and easily overlooked presenting diagnostic and management pitfalls.

As concomitant syndromes of hormone excess are rare in phaeochromocytomas; the diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion.

Serial/diurnal cortisol levels, ACTH measurement +/− low dose dexamethasone suppression (when clinically stable, appropriate adrenergic blockade in place, and well supervised), can all be considered as needed.
Javaslat talajosztályozási rendszerünk megújítására: alapelvek, módszerek, alapegységek
Authors: Michéli Erika , Fuchs Márta , Láng Vince , Szegi Tamás , Dobos Endre , Szabóné Kele Gabriella 
Published: June 2015

A jelenlegi, 1960 években kidolgozott genetikus alapokon nyugvó magyar talaj-osztályozási rendszerünk modernizálására az elmúlt évtizedek hazai tapasztalatai, dokumentált adathalmazai, valamint a nemzetközi standardok és elvárások alapján teszünk javaslatot. Munkánk kiindulási alapja az elődeink által definiált 29 talaj-képző folyamat, 39 talajtípus, és az azokhoz kapcsolódó tartalmi leírás és vizsgálati adatokból nyert információ. Módszereink az egyszerű elemzések és statisztikai számítások mellet a pedometria módszerére, a taxonómiai távolságszámításra és klaszteranalízisre támaszkodtak.
Eredményeink alapján a jelenlegi hazai talajtípusok egy része jól elkülöníthető, mások pontosabb definícióra szorulnak, vagy egyes esetekben összevonásra kerül-hetnek. A nemzetközi gyakorlatban meglévő és hazánkban is jellegzetes típusokat pedig, bevezetésre javaslunk.
A szigorúbb és mind a mélységi, morfológiai és összetételbeli tulajdonságok te-kintetében számszerűbb meghatározásokon alapuló javasolt struktúra központi egy-sége az ismertetett 15 talajtípus.
Ezeket a típusokat jól definiált diagnosztikus szintek, talajtulajdonságok és anyagok jelenléte vagy kizárása alapján, hierarchikus és számítógépes osztályozó kulccsal sorolhatók be. Az osztályozás alacsonyabb szintjei, az altípus és a változati tulajdonságok pedig, többszörös választási lehetőségek alapján pontosíthatók. A további talajtípusokat és altípusaik valamint változataikat későbbi közleményekben mutatjuk be.
The Therapeutic Challenge of Targeting HER2 in Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Diver Elisabeth J. , Foster Rosemary , Rueda Bo R. , Growdon Whitfield B. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic cancer in the United States, diagnosed in more than 50,000 women annually. While the majority of women present with low-grade tumors that are cured with surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy, a significant subset of women experience recurrence and do not survive their disease. A disproportionate number of the more than 8,000 annual deaths attributed to endometrial cancer are due to high-grade uterine cancers, highlighting the need for new therapies that target molecular alterations specific to this subset of tumors. Numerous correlative scientific investigations have demonstrated that the HER2 (ERBB2) gene is amplified in 17%–33% of carcinosarcoma, uterine serous carcinoma, and a subset of high-grade endometrioid endometrial tumors. In breast cancer, this potent signature has directed women to anti-HER2-targeted therapies such as trastuzumab and lapatinib. In contrast to breast cancer, therapy with trastuzumab alone revealed no responses in women with recurrent HER2 overexpressing endometrial cancer, suggesting that these tumors may possess acquired or innate trastuzumab resistance mechanisms. This review explores the literature surrounding HER2 expression in endometrial cancer, focusing on trastuzumab and other anti-HER2 therapy and resistance mechanisms characterized in breast cancer but germane to endometrial tumors. Understanding resistance pathways will suggest combination therapies that target both HER2 and key oncogenic escape pathways in endometrial cancer.

Implications for Practice:
This review summarizes the role of HER2 in endometrial cancer, with a focus on uterine serous carcinoma. The limitations to date of anti-HER2 therapy in this disease site are examined, and mechanisms of drug resistance are outlined based on the experience in breast cancer. Potential opportunities to overcome inherent resistance to anti-HER2 therapy in endometrial cancer are detailed, offering opportunities for further clinical study with the goal to improve outcomes in this challenging disease.