bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression profile and ligand‐binding characterization of odorant‐binding protein 2 from Batocera horsfieldi (Hope)
Authors: Li H. , Pan X.‐Y. , Chen L.‐Z. , Zhang A. , Wang D.‐X. , Wang M.‐Q. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractOdorant‐binding proteins (OBPs) are important components in insect olfactory systems that transport semiochemicals through the aqueous sensillum lymph to surface of olfactory receptor neurons. In this study, we cloned the cDNA of odorant‐binding protein 2 (BhorOBP2) in Batocera horsfieldi (Hope) and measured the level of the BhorOBP2 mRNA in a variety of tissues using quantitative reverse transcription and real‐time polymerase chain reaction. We found that the BhorOBP2 mRNA was primarily expressed in the antennae, the level of BhorOBP2 mRNA was higher in males than in females, and correlated with age and mating status. The BhorOBP2 mRNA was also expressed in the labial palps at relatively high level, suggesting that it might have a role in gestation as well. To better understand the functions of the BhorOBP2 protein in odorant reception, recombinant BhorOBP2 was expressed in Escherichia coli, and the binding specificity of the protein for 18 volatile developmentally relevant chemicals and host‐plant‐related metabolites were assessed using N‐phenyl‐1‐naphthylamine as a fluorescent probe. Competitive fluorescence binding assays showed that BhorOBP2 bound a broad range of host‐plant‐related odorants, including (E)‐2‐hexenal, 2‐methyl‐butanal, salicylaldehyde, (1S)‐(‐)‐verbenone, (Z)‐3‐hexen‐1‐ol, (E)‐2‐hexen‐1‐ol, β‐pinene and ethyl acetate. Our results imply that BhorOBP2 might play an important role in the selectivity and specificity of odorant reception.
Epidural anesthesia in capuchin monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus)
Authors: Cordeiro Jefferson F. , Araújo Ana L. , Tanikawa Atticcus , Santos José R.S. , Bragagnoli André L. , Nóbrega Neto Pedro I. , Menezes Danilo J.A. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundMany primates are kept in breeding for scientific or conservation purposes, but much of the clinical care is represented by trauma. To provide more effective interventions in some of these cases, the present study aimed to evaluate the technique of local anesthesia through the epidural space in capuchin monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus).MethodsTen animals were used, which have been deposited in the epidural space 1% lidocaine at a dose of 0.3 ml/kg over the lumbosacral joint. Heart and respiratory rates, oxygen saturation in arterial hemoglobin, blood pressure, rectal temperature, nociception, and cutaneous sensitivity were assessed before and after application.ResultsThe technique promoted loss of sensation of the skin and muscle relaxation of the pelvic limbs, tail, and perineal region for a period of 35 minutes without any of the physiological parameters measured varies beyond normal values.ConclusionsThe technique proved easy to perform, safe, and effective.
Fear conditioning leads to alteration in specific genes expression in cortical and thalamic neurons that project to the lateral amygdala
Authors: Katz Ira K. , Lamprecht Raphael 
Published: October 2014

AbstractRNA transcription is needed for memory formation. However, the ability to identify genes whose expression is altered by learning is greatly impaired because of methodological difficulties in profiling gene expression in specific neurons involved in memory formation. Here, we report a novel approach to monitor the expression of genes after learning in neurons in specific brain pathways needed for memory formation. In this study, we aimed to monitor gene expression after fear learning. We retrogradely labeled discrete thalamic neurons that project to the lateral amygdala (LA) of rats. The labeled neurons were dissected, using laser microdissection microscopy, after fear conditioning learning or unpaired training. The RNAs from the dissected neurons were subjected to microarray analysis. The levels of selected RNAs detected by the microarray analysis to be altered by fear conditioning were also assessed by nanostring analysis. We observed that the expression of genes involved in the regulation of translation, maturation and degradation of proteins was increased 6 h after fear conditioning compared to unpaired or naïve trained rats. These genes were not expressed 24 h after training or in cortical neurons that project to the LA. The expression of genes involved in transcription regulation and neuronal development was altered after fear conditioning learning in the cortical‐LA pathway. The present study provides key information on the identity of genes expressed in discrete thalamic and cortical neurons that project to the LA after fear conditioning. Such an approach could also serve to identify gene products as targets for the development of a new generation of therapeutic agents that could be aimed to functionally identified brain circuits to treat memory‐related disorders.
image
We monitored gene expression after fear conditioning learning in thalamus‐lateral amygdala (LA) and cortex‐LA brain pathways. We detected genes that are specifically increased after fear learning and that encode proteins that function as regulators of protein synthesis, maturation and degradation in thalamus‐LA pathway and regulators of transcription in the cortex‐LA pathway. These findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in fear memory formation.
Prevalence and Perpetrators of Workplace Violence by Nursing Unit and the Relationship Between Violence and the Perceived Work Environment
Authors: Park Mihyun , Cho Sung‐Hyun , Hong Hyun‐Ja 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAimsTo identify the prevalence and perpetrators of workplace violence against nurses and to examine the relationship of work demands and trust and justice in the workplace with the occurrence of violence.DesignThis study employed cross‐sectional data from a 2013 nurse survey conducted at a university hospital in Seoul, South Korea. The study sample included 970 female nurses from 47 nursing units, including general, oncology, intensive care units (ICUs), operating rooms, and outpatient departments.MethodsThe second version of the medium‐sized Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ II) was used to measure work demands (i.e., quantitative demands, work pace, and emotional demands), trust and justice, and violence. Relationships among those variables were examined by conducting multiple logistic regression analyses with multilevel modeling.FindingsThe 12‐month prevalence of verbal abuse (63.8%) was highest, followed by threats of violence (41.6%), physical violence (22.3%), and sexual harassment (19.7%), but bullying had the lowest prevalence (9.7%). Physical violence, threats of violence, and verbal abuse occurred most frequently in ICUs, whereas sexual harassment and bullying were highest in operating rooms. The main perpetrators were patients, followed by physicians and patients’ families. Nurses perceiving greater work demands and less trust and justice were more likely to have been exposed to violence.ConclusionsThe prevalence and perpetrators of violence varied considerably among nursing units. Greater work demands and less trust and justice were associated with nurses’ experiences of violence.Clinical RelevanceAdequate work demands and a trusted and just work environment may reduce violence against nurses. In return, reduction of violence will contribute to creating a better nursing work environment.
Isolation of Butyl 2,3‐Dihydroxybenzoate From Paenibacillus elgii HOA73 Against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. Lycopersici
Authors: Nguyen Xuan Hoa , Naing Kyaw Wai , Lee Young Seong , Kim Kil Yong 
Published: October 2014

AbstractHere we report for the first time the isolation of butyl 2,3‐dihydroxybenzoate (B2,3DB) from the novel antagonistic bacterium Paenibacillus elgii HOA73 and its activity against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (FOL). In this study, the bacterial strain P. elgii HOA73 was isolated from soil and identified via 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The isolate demonstrated significant antagonism towards several plant pathogens including FOL. Our results showed the bacterial culture filtrate of P. elgii HOA73 to be highly active, inhibiting 86.1% of the growth of FOL at 50% concentration. Similarly, the bacterial crude extract of P. elgii HOA73 at 2 mg significantly inhibited FOL growth by 72.5%. An antifungal compound was purified from the bacterial crude extract of P. elgii HOA73 through different chromatographic techniques and was identif‐ied as butyl 2,3‐dihydroxybenzoate (B2,3DB) based on nuclear magnetic resonance and liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry analyses. B2,3DB displayed potent antifungal properties, inhibiting FOL growth by 83.2% when used at 0.6 mg. The minimum inhibitory concentration of B2,3DB to inhibit any visible mycelial growth of FOL was 32 μg ml−1. All FOL conidia displayed an absence of germination or degradation when treated with 32 μg ml−1 B2,3DB after 8 or 24 h, respectively. Therefore, our results clearly demonstrated B2,3DB, as well as P. elgii HOA73, as potential biological control agents for the management of FOL.
A Murine Toolbox for Imaging the Neurovascular Unit
Authors: Hartmann David A. , Underly Robert G. , Watson Ashley N. , Shih Andy Y. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe neurovascular unit (NVU) coordinates many essential functions in the brain including blood flow control, nutrient delivery, and maintenance of BBB integrity. These functions are the result of a cellular and molecular interplay that we are just beginning to understand. Cells of the NVU can now be investigated in the intact brain through the combined use of high‐resolution in vivo imaging and non‐invasive molecular tools to observe and manipulate cell function. Mouse lines that target transgene expression to cells of the NVU will be of great value in future work. However, a detailed evaluation of target cell specificity and expression pattern within the brain is required for many existing lines. The purpose of this review was to catalog mouse lines available to cerebrovascular biologists and to discuss their utility and limitations in future imaging studies.
Nursing essential principles: continuous renal replacement therapy
Authors: Richardson Annette , Whatmore Jayne 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTAimsThis article aims to guide critical care nurses with the care and management of patients on continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT).BackgroundCRRT, a highly specialized therapy involving complex nursing care, is used widely in the intensive care unit to treat patients with acute kidney injury.MethodsA literature search was conducted using CINAHL, Medline from PubMed and BNI using the search terms CRRT or continuous veno‐venous haemofiltration and nursing or nurses from 2000 onwards and limited to the English language. The appraised evidence and expert opinion is used in this article.ResultsFour essential nursing principles for CRRT are reviewed (1) the importance of continuous assessment of the indications to influence the appropriate mode; (2) ensuring good vascular access; (3) the avoidance of unnecessary interruptions and (4) the prevention of complications.ConclusionThe identified four essential nursing principles provide guidance on this complex aspects of nursing practice. Specific nursing research to guide the care and management of this therapy is limited so should be explored in the future.Relevance to clinical practiceCritical care nurses caring for and managing patients on CRRT require an understanding of how to deliver safe CRRT.
The rhizosphere and hyphosphere differ in their impacts on carbon and nitrogen cycling in forests exposed to elevated CO2
Authors: Meier Ina C. , Pritchard Seth G. , Brzostek Edward R. , McCormack M. Luke , Phillips Richard P. 
Published: October 2014

Summary

While multiple experiments have demonstrated that trees exposed to elevated CO2 can stimulate microbes to release nutrients from soil organic matter, the importance of root‐ versus mycorrhizal‐induced changes in soil processes are presently unknown.

We analyzed the contribution of roots and mycorrhizal activities to carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) turnover in a loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) forest exposed to elevated CO2 by measuring extracellular enzyme activities at soil microsites accessed via root windows. Specifically, we quantified enzyme activity from soil adjacent to root tips (rhizosphere), soil adjacent to hyphal tips (hyphosphere), and bulk soil.

During the peak growing season, CO2 enrichment induced a greater increase of N‐releasing enzymes in the rhizosphere (215% increase) than in the hyphosphere (36% increase), but a greater increase of recalcitrant C‐degrading enzymes in the hyphosphere (118%) than in the rhizosphere (19%). Nitrogen fertilization influenced the magnitude of CO2 effects on enzyme activities in the rhizosphere only. At the ecosystem scale, the rhizosphere accounted for c. 50% and 40% of the total activity of N‐ and C‐releasing enzymes, respectively.

Collectively, our results suggest that root exudates may contribute more to accelerated N cycling under elevated CO2 at this site, while mycorrhizal fungi may contribute more to soil C degradation.
The Political CEO: An Event Study Comparing Consumer Attributions of CEO Behavior*
Authors: Mikeska Jessica , Harvey Elise Johansen 
Published: October 2014

ObjectiveWe sought to establish a relationship between negative political behavior of key firm members and consumer evaluations of the firm through an attribution theories extension.MethodWe sample and code approximately 1,500 Tweets surrounding Dan Cathy's political beliefs about marriage and Taco Bell's response to a lawsuit regarding beef.ResultsConsumers are more likely to attribute a volitional event (CEO political disapproval) toward the firm than toward societal elements. However, consumers experienced a greater degree of negative affect following the situational than the volitional event.ConclusionWhile none of the consumers who attributed this situation toward Taco Bell also communicated decisions to no longer return for Taco Bell products, approximately 15 percent of the consumers who attributed Dan Cathy's political beliefs toward Chick‐fil‐A communicated intentions to no longer return to Chick‐fil‐A. A firm operated by a political CEO could lose 15 percent of all its consumers.
Frobenius categories, Gorenstein algebras and rational surface singularities
Authors: Kalck Martin , Iyama Osamu , Wemyss Michael , Yang Dong 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe give sufficient conditions for a Frobenius category to be equivalent to the category of Gorenstein projective modules over an Iwanaga–Gorenstein ring. We then apply this result to the Frobenius category of special Cohen–Macaulay modules over a rational surface singularity, where we show that the associated stable category is triangle equivalent to the singularity category of a certain discrepant partial resolution of the given rational singularity. In particular, this produces uncountably many Iwanaga–Gorenstein rings of finite Gorenstein projective type. We also apply our method to representation theory, obtaining Auslander–Solberg and Kong type results.
High resolution Cerenkov light imaging of induced positron distribution in proton therapy
Authors: Yamamoto Seiichi , Toshito Toshiyuki , Fujii Kento , Morishita Yuki , Okumura Satoshi , Komori Masataka 
Published: October 2014

Purpose:In proton therapy, imaging of the positron distribution produced by fragmentation during or soon after proton irradiation is a useful method to monitor the proton range. Although positron emission tomography (PET) is typically used for this imaging, its spatial resolution is limited. Cerenkov light imaging is a new molecular imaging technology that detects the visible photons that are produced from high‐speed electrons using a high sensitivity optical camera. Because its inherent spatial resolution is much higher than PET, the authors can measure more precise information of the proton‐induced positron distribution with Cerenkov light imaging technology. For this purpose, they conducted Cerenkov light imaging of induced positron distribution in proton therapy.Methods:First, the authors evaluated the spatial resolution of our Cerenkov light imaging system with a 22Na point source for the actual imaging setup. Then the transparent acrylic phantoms (100 × 100 × 100 mm3) were irradiated with two different proton energies using a spot scanning proton therapy system. Cerenkov light imaging of each phantom was conducted using a high sensitivity electron multiplied charge coupled device (EM‐CCD) camera.Results:The Cerenkov light's spatial resolution for the setup was 0.76 ± 0.6 mm FWHM. They obtained high resolution Cerenkov light images of the positron distributions in the phantoms for two different proton energies and made fused images of the reference images and the Cerenkov light images. The depths of the positron distribution in the phantoms from the Cerenkov light images were almost identical to the simulation results. The decay curves derived from the region‐of‐interests (ROIs) set on the Cerenkov light images revealed that Cerenkov light images can be used for estimating the half‐life of the radionuclide components of positrons.Conclusions:High resolution Cerenkov light imaging of proton‐induced positron distribution was possible. The authors conclude that Cerenkov light imaging of proton‐induced positron is promising for proton therapy.
Contaminated Handwashing Sinks as the Source of a Clonal Outbreak of KPC-2-Producing Klebsiella oxytoca on a Hematology Ward
Authors: Leitner Eva , Zarfel Gernot , Luxner Josefa , Herzog Kathrin , Pekard-Amenitsch Shiva , Hoenigl Martin , Valentin Thomas , Feierl Gebhard , Grisold Andrea J. , Högenauer Christoph , Sill Heinz , Krause Robert , Zollner-Schwetz Ines 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT

We investigated sinks as possible sources of a prolonged
Klebsiella pneumonia
carbapenemase (KPC)-producing
Klebsiella oxytoca
outbreak. Seven carbapenem-resistant
K. oxytoca
isolates were identified in sink drains in 4 patient rooms and in the medication room. Investigations for resistance genes and genetic relatedness of patient and environmental isolates revealed that all the isolates harbored the
bla
KPC-2
and
bla
TEM-1
genes and were genetically indistinguishable. We describe here a clonal outbreak caused by KPC-2-producing
K. oxytoca
, and handwashing sinks were a possible reservoir.
Structural Basis of the Proteolytic and Chaperone Activity of Chlamydia trachomatis CT441
Authors: Kohlmann Friedrich , Shima Kensuke , Hilgenfeld Rolf , Solbach Werner , Rupp Jan , Hansen Guido 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT

Chlamydia trachomatis
is the most prevalent cause of preventable blindness worldwide and a major reason for infectious infertility in females. Several bacterial factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of
C. trachomatis
. Combining structural and mutational analysis, we have shown that the proteolytic function of CT441 depends on a conserved Ser/Lys/Gln catalytic triad and a functional substrate-binding site within a flexible PDZ (
p
ostsynaptic density of 95 kDa,
d
iscs large, and
z
onula occludens) domain. Previously, it has been suggested that CT441 is involved in modulating estrogen signaling responses of the host cell. Our results show that although
in vitro
CT441 exhibits proteolytic activity against SRAP1, a coactivator of estrogen receptor α, CT441-mediated SRAP1 degradation is not observed during the intracellular developmental cycle before host cells are lysed and infectious chlamydiae are released. Most compellingly, we have newly identified a chaperone activity of CT441, indicating a role of CT441 in prokaryotic protein quality control processes.
Automatic identification of methotrexate-induced liver toxicity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis from the electronic medical record
Authors: Lin Chen , Karlson Elizabeth W , Dligach Dmitriy , Ramirez Monica P , Miller Timothy A , Mo Huan , Braggs Natalie S , Cagan Andrew , Gainer Vivian , Denny Joshua C , Savova Guergana K 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Objectives To improve the accuracy of mining structured and unstructured components of the electronic medical record (EMR) by adding temporal features to automatically identify patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with methotrexate-induced liver transaminase abnormalities.
Materials and methods Codified information and a string-matching algorithm were applied to a RA cohort of 5903 patients from Partners HealthCare to select 1130 patients with potential liver toxicity. Supervised machine learning was applied as our key method. For features, Apache clinical Text Analysis and Knowledge Extraction System (cTAKES) was used to extract standard vocabulary from relevant sections of the unstructured clinical narrative. Temporal features were further extracted to assess the temporal relevance of event mentions with regard to the date of transaminase abnormality. All features were encapsulated in a 3-month-long episode for classification. Results were summarized at patient level in a training set (N=480 patients) and evaluated against a test set (N=120 patients).
Results The system achieved positive predictive value (PPV) 0.756, sensitivity 0.919, F1 score 0.829 on the test set, which was significantly better than the best baseline system (PPV 0.590, sensitivity 0.703, F1 score 0.642). Our innovations, which included framing the phenotype problem as an episode-level classification task, and adding temporal information, all proved highly effective.
Conclusions Automated methotrexate-induced liver toxicity phenotype discovery for patients with RA based on structured and unstructured information in the EMR shows accurate results. Our work demonstrates that adding temporal features significantly improved classification results.
Tyrosine, Phenylalanine, and Tryptophan in Gastroesophageal Malignancy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Wiggins Tom , Kumar Sacheen , Markar Sheraz R. , Antonowicz Stefan , Hanna George B. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Gastroesophageal cancer has a rapidly increasing incidence worldwide and reliable biomarkers are urgently required to facilitate earlier diagnosis and improve survival. The aromatic amino acids tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan represent potential biomarkers and their relation to gastroesophageal cancer will be evaluated in this review. An electronic literature search was performed to identify all published research relating to the measurement of tyrosine, phenylalanine, or tryptophan in the biofluids or tissues of patients with gastroesophageal cancer. Sixteen studies were included in this systematic review. Six studies investigated serum concentrations, which all found decreased concentrations of these aromatic amino acids, except one study that found increased phenylalanine. Five studies reported increased concentrations within gastric content of these patients and two reported increased urinary concentrations. Tissue concentrations of these aromatic amino acids were increased in three studies. Tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan represent potential biomarkers of gastroesophageal cancer, and further research is necessary to definitively establish the mechanism responsible for altered concentrations of these compounds in patients with gastroesophageal cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(1); 32–38. ©2014 AACR.