bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gaviscon Double Action Liquid (antacid & alginate) is more effective than antacid in controlling post‐prandial oesophageal acid exposure in GERD patients: a double‐blind crossover study
Authors: De Ruigh A. , Roman S. , Chen J. , Pandolfino J. E. , Kahrilas P. J. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryBackgroundRecent studies have shown that Gaviscon Double Action Liquid (a combination alginate‐antacid) administered post‐prandially co‐localises with the acid pocket, the ‘reservoir’ for post‐prandial acid reflux.AimTo compare the effectiveness of Gaviscon Double Action Liquid to an equivalent strength antacid without alginate in controlling post‐prandial acid reflux in GERD patients.MethodsFourteen GERD patients undertook two 3.5‐h high‐resolution manometry/pH‐impedance studies during which they ate a standardised meal. In a double‐blinded randomised crossover design they then took Gaviscon or CVS brand antacid, each with ~18 mmol/L acid neutralising capacity. The primary outcome was distal oesophageal acid exposure; secondary outcomes were number of reflux events, proximal extent of reflux, nadir pH of the refluxate, mechanism of reflux and reflux symptoms scored with a validated instrument.ResultsTen patients completed the study. Gaviscon studies had significantly less distal oesophageal acid exposure and greater nadir refluxate pH in the 30–150 min post‐prandial period than antacid studies. There were no differences in the number of reflux events (acid or weakly acidic) or the number of proximal reflux events (15–17 cm above the LES) with either study medication.ConclusionsGaviscon Double Action Liquid is more effective than an antacid without alginate in controlling post‐prandial oesophageal acid exposure. However, the number and spatial distribution of reflux events within the oesophagus are similar. This suggests that Gaviscon main effectiveness relates to its co‐localisation with and displacement/neutralisation of the post‐prandial acid pocket, rather than preventing reflux.
A randomized phase 1 pharmacokinetic trial comparing the potential biosimilarPF‐05280014 with trastuzumab in healthy volunteers (REFLECTIONS B327‐01)
Authors: Yin Donghua , Barker Kerry B. , Li Ruifeng , Meng Xu , Reich Steven D. , Ricart Alejandro D. , Rudin Dan , Taylor Carrie T. , Zacharchuk Charles M. , Hansson Arne G. 
Published: July 2014

AimsThe pharmacokinetic (PK) similarity betweenPF‐05280014, a proposed trastuzumab biosimilar, trastuzumab sourced fromEuropeanUnion (trastuzumab‐EU) or fromUnitedStates (trastuzumab‐US) was evaluated. Safety and immunogenicity were also assessed.MethodsIn this phase 1, double‐blind trial (NCT01603264), 105 healthy male volunteers were randomized 1:1:1 to receive a single 6 mg kg−1intravenous dose ofPF‐05280014, trastuzumab‐EU, or trastuzumab‐US, and evaluated for 70 days. Drug concentration–time data were analyzed by non‐compartmental methods.PKsimilarity for the comparisons ofPF‐05280014 to each of trastuzumab‐EUand trastuzumab‐US, and trastuzumab‐EUto trastuzumab‐USwere determined using the standard 80.00% to 125.00% bioequivalence criteria.ResultsBaseline demographics for the 101 subjects evaluable forPKwere similar across all arms. The three products exhibited similarPKprofiles with target‐mediated disposition. The 90%CIsfor the ratios ofCmax,andAUC(0,∞)were within 80.00% to 125.00% for all three pairwise comparisons. Adverse events (AEs) were similar across all arms with treatment‐relatedAEsreported by 71.4%, 68.6% and 65.7% subjects in thePF‐05280014, trastuzumab‐EU, and trastuzumab‐USarms, respectively. The most commonAEswere infusion‐related reactions, headache, chills, pyrexia and nausea. TheAEterm ‘pyrexia’ was numerically greater in thePF‐05280014 arm. All post‐dose samples, except 1, tested negative for anti‐drug antibodies (ADA).ConclusionsThis study demonstratesPKsimilarity amongPF‐05280014, trastuzumab‐EUand trastuzumab‐US. The safety and immunogenicity profiles observed for the three products in this study are consistent with previous reports for trastuzumab.
Clinical features of narcolepsy in children vaccinated with AS03 adjuvanted pandemic A/H1N1 2009 influenza vaccine in England
Authors: Winstone Anne Marie , Stellitano Lesley , Verity Christopher , Andrews Nick , Miller Elizabeth , Stowe Julia , Shneerson John 
Published: July 2014

AimThe aim of this study was to investigate whether children in England with narcolepsy who received the ASO3 adjuvanted pandemic A/H1N1 2009 influenza vaccine (Pandemrix) differed clinically from unvaccinated patients.MethodA retrospective review was conducted in children with narcolepsy diagnosed by sleep centres and paediatric neurologists in 16 English hospitals. The inclusion criteria were patient age 4 to 18 years, onset of narcolepsy after January 2008, and diagnosis by the time of the key data‐gathering visit in 2011. Clinical data came from hospital notes and general practitioner questionnaires. An expert panel validated the diagnoses.ResultsSeventy‐five patients with narcolepsy were identified (43 males, 32 females; mean age at onset 10y 4mo, range 3–18y). Of these patients, 11 received the Pandemrix vaccine before narcolepsy onset. On first presentation, there were more frequent reports of cataplexy, among other features, in vaccinated than in unvaccinated patients (82% vs 55%), but only excessive weight gain (55% vs 20%) was significantly more frequent (p=0.03). Facial hypotonia (p=0.03) and tongue protrusion (p=0.01) were eventually seen more frequently in vaccinated children. When considering patients diagnosed within a year of onset, vaccinated children were not diagnosed more rapidly than unvaccinated children.InterpretationSome symptoms and signs of narcolepsy were more frequently reported in Pandemrix–vaccinated patients. There was no evidence of the more rapid diagnosis in vaccinated patients that has been reported in Finland and Sweden.
Dysmorphic features and developmental outcome of 2‐year‐old children
Authors: Seggers Jorien , Haadsma Maaike L , Bos Arend F , Heineman Maas Jan , Middelburg Karin J , van den Heuvel Edwin R , Hadders‐Algra Mijna 
Published: July 2014

AimThe aim of this study was to assess the associations between dysmorphic features and neurological, mental, psychomotor, and behavioural development in order to improve our understanding of aetiological pathways leading to minor developmental problems.MethodIn our cross‐sectional study, 272 generally healthy 2‐year‐olds (143 males, 129 females; median gestational age 39 weeks, [range 30–43wks]), born after a parental history of subfertility either with or without fertility treatment, were examined. Dysmorphic features were classified as abnormalities (clinically relevant or not), minor anomalies, or common variants according to Merks' classification system. Hempel's neurological assessment resulted in a neurological optimality score (NOS) and fluency score. Mental and psychomotor development were assessed with the Dutch version of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development and behavioural development with the Achenbach Child Behaviour Checklist.ResultsOf the different types of dysmorphic feature, clinically relevant abnormalities were most strongly associated with a lower NOS (difference −2.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] −4.23 to −0.83) and fluency score (difference −0.62, 95% CI −1.1 to −0.15). The presence of one or more abnormalities (clinically relevant or not) or one or more common variants was significantly associated with a lower NOS, and the presence of three or more minor anomalies was associated with lower fluency scores. Dysmorphic features were not associated with mental, psychomotor, or behavioural development.InterpretationAs dysmorphic features originate during the first trimester of pregnancy, the association between dysmorphic features and minor alterations in neurodevelopment may suggest an early ontogenetic origin of subtle neurological deviations.
Longitudinal trajectories of behavior problems and social competence in children with new onset epilepsy
Authors: Zhao Qianqian , Rathouz Paul J , Jones Jana E , Jackson Daren C , Hsu David A , Stafstrom Carl E , Seidenberg Michael , Hermann Bruce P 
Published: July 2014

AimTo characterize the prospective trajectory of parent‐reported behavior and social competence problems in children with new or recent onset epilepsy from diagnosis to 5 to 6 years after diagnosis compared to healthy control participants.MethodThirty‐five children (21 males, 14 females; mean age 14y 1mo [SD 3y 4mo] range 8–18y) with new/recent onset idiopathic generalized (IGE) and 34 children with localization‐related epilepsies (LRE; 19 males, 15 females; mean age 10y 8mo [SD 2y 2mo] range 8–18y) underwent behavioral assessment (Child Behavior Checklist) at baseline, 2 years, and 5 to 6 years after diagnosis. The assessment comprised the summary scales Total Behavior Problems Internalizing Problems, Externalizing Problems, and Total Competence. Sixty‐two children with normal development served as comparison participants. Analyses were based on random effects regression modeling comparing trajectories with respect to time since epilepsy diagnosis among groups.ResultsDifferences in parent‐reported behavioral problems between LRE and IGE syndrome groups and healthy comparison participants were detectable at or near the time of diagnosis and remained either stable (competence) or tended to abate (behavior problems) over the ensuing 5 to 6 years without evidence of progressive worsening. These trends were evident for both LRE and IGE groups, with no differences between them.InterpretationBehavior and competence problems in children with LRE and IGE are not characterized by progressive worsening over a 5‐ to 6‐year period. Behavioral problems are present near the time of diagnosis and tend to abate over time, with competence problems being more persistent across serial assessments, and present in both LRE and IGE groups.
Asymmetrical cortical vessel sign on susceptibility‐weighted imaging: a novel imaging marker for early neurological deterioration and unfavorable prognosis
Authors: Sun W. , Liu W. , Zhang Z. , Xiao L. , Duan Z. , Liu D. , Xiong Y. , Zhu W. , Lu G. , Liu X. 
Published: July 2014

Background and purposeSusceptibility‐weighted imaging (SWI) is a high spatial resolution technique that can indirectly demonstrate increased cerebral oxygen extraction. Our aim was to assess whether asymmetric cortical vessel sign (ACVS) on SWI could be associated with early neurological deterioration (END) as well as 90‐day unfavorable outcome in patients with acute ischaemic stroke.Materials and methodsConsecutive patients with acute middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory infarction were prospectively enrolled. ACVS was defined as more and/or larger vessels with greater signal loss than those in the opposite hemisphere on minimum intensity projection of SWI. The neurofunctional fluctuation during acute phase as well as 90‐day outcomes were assessed. A National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale increment ≥2 points and ≥4 points despite standard treatment in the first 72 h after admission was defined as END2 and END4, respectively.ResultsIn all, 572 patients were finally enrolled. ACVS on SWI was present in 39 (6.8%) subjects. Multivariate analysis indicated that ACVS is an independent predictor for END2 [odds ratio (OR) 4.47, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.99–10.05) and END4 (OR 4.24, 95% CI 1.94–9.23). Furthermore, ACVS also correlates with 90‐day unfavorable outcome defined as a modified Rankin Scale score >1 point (OR 2.93, 95% CI 1.15–7.48). Both positive and negative predictive values of ACVS for END2, END4 and 90‐day prognosis were reasonable and both could be slightly enhanced as long as patients with contralateral artery stenosis or occlusion were excluded.ConclusionIn patients with MCA territory acute ischaemic stroke, especially in those without contralateral internal carotid artery/MCA stenosis or occlusion, ACVS might be considered as a neuroimaging predictor for END and unfavorable prognosis.
Vitamin D and white matter abnormalities in older adults: a cross‐sectional neuroimaging study
Authors: Annweiler C. , Annweiler T. , Bartha R. , Herrmann F. R. , Camicioli R. , Beauchet O. 
Published: July 2014

Background and purposeMorphological brain changes related to hypovitaminosis D have been poorly studied. In particular, the age‐related decrease in vitamin D concentrations may explain the onset of white matter abnormalities (WMA) in older adults. Our objectives were (i) to investigate whether there was an association between serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentration and the grade of WMA in older adults and (ii) to determine whether the location of WMA was associated with 25OHD concentration.MethodsOne hundred and thirty‐three Caucasian older community‐dwellers with no clinical hydrocephalus (mean 71.6 ± 5.6 years; 43.6% female) received a blood test and a magnetic resonance imaging scan of the brain. The grades of total, periventricular and deep WMA were scored using semiquantitative visual rating scales from T2‐weighted fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery images. The association of WMA with as‐measured and deseasonalized 25OHD concentrations was evaluated with the following covariates: age, gender, body mass index, use of anti‐vascular drugs, number of comorbidities, impaired mobility, education level, Mini‐Mental State Examination score, medial temporal lobe atrophy, serum concentrations of calcium, thyroid‐stimulating hormone and vitamin B12, and estimated glomerular filtration rate.ResultsBoth as‐measured and deseasonalized serum 25OHD concentrations were found to be inversely associated with the grade of total WMA (adjusted β = −0.32, P = 0.027), specifically with periventricular WMA (adjusted β = −0.15, P = 0.009) but not with deep WMA (adjusted β = −0.12, P = 0.090). Similarly, participants with 25OHD concentration <75 nM had on average a 33% higher grade of periventricular WMA than those with 25OHD ≥75 nM (P = 0.024). No difference in average grade was found for deep WMA (P = 0.949).ConclusionsLower serum 25OHD concentration was associated with higher grade of WMA, particularly periventricular WMA. These findings provide a scientific basis for vitamin D replacement trials.
Fuzzy Boundaries: Hybridizing Location‐based Services, Volunteered Geographic Information and Geovisualization Literature
Authors: Ricker Britta , Daniel Sylvie , Hedley Nick 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMobile applications are particularly exciting to geographers due to their ability to collect swathes of spatial data from citizens, to present information relevant to a user's current location, and to present data via interactive visualizations. While these functions are presented together within a single mobile location‐based application (LBApps), the academic literatures pertaining to each of these three functions are highly fragmented. Thus, we ask: what is the relationship between the three major components of LBApps: location‐based services (LBS), volunteered geographic information (VGI), and geovisualization? Additionally, what are some of the possible resulting implications for users' spatial understandings after interaction with these three components? Here, we present literature from VGI, LBS, and geovisualization that is relevant to mobile applications. We seek to reveal the synergistic relationship between these mechanisms in addition to the existing overlaps and gaps in the literature. We hope that this is a starting point for geographers interested in researching mobile applications to further enhance the collection, distribution, and visualization of spatial data. Like traditional cartography, it is imperative to keep the intended audience in mind during each step of the LBApp design and research process.
Geography and the Anthropocene II: Current Contributions
Authors: Castree Noel 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis and two companion papers (The Anthropocene and Geography I: The back story and The Anthropocene and Geography III: Future Directions) consider the relevance of ‘the Anthropocene’ to present and future research in Geography. Along with the concept of ‘planetary boundaries’, the idea that humanity has entered a new geological epoch of its own making is currently attracting considerable attention – both within and beyond the world of Earth surface science from whence both notions originate. This paper's predecessor detailed the invention and evolution of the two scientific neologisms, ending with a general discussion of their potential relevance to Geography. The present essay examines how that relevance is being actualised in practice. Though the Anthropocene and planetary boundaries concepts are the progeny of certain biophysical scientists, some human geographers are already going beyond the science to explore their socio‐ecological implications. Accordingly, the paper describes how various physical, environmental and human geographers have thus far examined the (supposed) end of the Holocene. By detailing the full range of geographers' discussions of the two ideas, it comprehensively maps intellectual territory that a (so‐far select) group of geographers have been exploring independently of each other, albeit layered on previous research into global environmental change. Its successor (The Anthropocene and geography III: Future directions) speculates about the future directions geographers' discussions of the Anthropocene and planetary boundaries might take.
Exploration of the relationship between parent/guardian sociodemographics, intention, and knowledge and the oral health status of their children/wards enrolled in a Central Florida Head Start Program
Authors: Weatherwax JA , Bray KK , Williams KB , Gadbury‐Amyot CC 
Published: July 2014

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to identify possible relationships between parent/guardian sociodemographics, intention, knowledge, and the oral health status of their child/ward. Intention includes three factors as defined in the Theory of Planned Behavior: attitudes, subjective norms and perceived control, and oral health status was measured by decayed, missing and filled teeth (dmft) scores.MethodsA convenience sample of parent/guardian with child/ward with age of three to five (n = 181 dyads) enrolled in a Head Start program in the state of Florida participated. A cross‐sectional observational study comprised of two components, parent/guardian questionnaire and an oral health status form for recording dmft scores of participating child/ward was employed.ResultsParent/guardian race/ethnicity and years of education were significantly related to dmft of child/ward. The highest rates of severe early childhood caries (ECC) were found in child/ward whose parent/guardian is Hispanic and parent/guardian with less than a high school education. Multivariate regression analysis found that increased education level of parent/guardian was significantly associated with lower dmft in this population. No significant relationship was found between parent/guardian self‐reported intention (attitudes, subjective norms and perceived control), knowledge and dmft scores of the child/ward.ConclusionResearchers have called for greater attention to the impact of parental influences in the aetiology of ECC. Results from this study were consistent with current studies where parent/guardian race/ethnicity and educational level served as predictors of oral health status of children. In this study population, parent/guardian intention and knowledge were not shown to significantly impact the oral health status of their child/ward.
Morphology and Phylogeny of Thelohanellus marginatus n. sp. (Myxozoa: Myxosporea), a Parasite Infecting the Gills of the Fish Hypophthalmus marginatus (Teleostei: Pimelodidae) in the Amazon River
Authors: Rocha Sónia , Casal Graça , Velasco Michele , Alves Ângela , Matos Edilson , Al‐Quraishy Saleh , Azevedo Carlos 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThelohanellus marginatus n. sp., a new myxosporean parasite infecting the primary gill filaments of the teleost fish Hypophthalmus marginatus (Pimelodidae) in the Amazon River, is described on the basis of microscopic and molecular procedures. The parasite forms whitish and ellipsoidal cysts up to 250 μm in diam. Myxospores ellipsoidal with a slightly more pointed anterior end, measuring 17.1 ± 0.6 μm in length, 6.9 ± 0.4 μm in width, and 5.1 ± 0.5 μm in thickness. A single pyriform polar capsule, 9.0 ± 0.3 μm long and 6.1 ± 0.4 μm wide, positioned slightly right to the medial plane in valvular view, contains a polar filament arranged in 4–5 coils. Molecular analysis of the SSU rRNA gene by Maximum Parsimony, Neighbor‐Joining, and Maximum Likelihood revealed the parasite clustering among other myxobolids, namely Henneguya and Myxobolus. Host affinity is supported as an important evolutionary signal for the phylogeny of myxobolids. The parasite here described represents the first record of the genus Thelohanellus Kudo, 1933 from the South American fauna.
Morphology, Ontogeny, and Phylogeny of Two Brackish Urostylid Ciliates (Protist, Ciliophora, Hypotricha)
Authors: Chen Xumiao , Miao Miao , Ma Honggang , Al‐Rasheid Khaled A. S. , Xu Kuidong , Lin Xiaofeng 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe diversity of hypotrichous ciliates has encouraged numerous researchers to use a combination of morphological, morphogenetic, and phylogenetic data to provide a better understanding of the evolutionary relationships within this complex group. In this study, we investigate the morphology and morphogenesis of Pseudourostyla subtropica sp. nov., isolated from mangrove wetland. The new species can be distinguished from its congeners by the huge body size, many more adoral membranelles and marginal cirral rows, and numerous macronuclear nodules. In addition, we provide a morphological characterization of a population of Pseudourostyla nova Wiackowski 1988 from an estuarine habitat. The main events during binary fission of P. subtropica sp. nov. and the Chinese population of P. nova are also revealed to be conservative. The morphological, ontogenetic, and phylogenetic analyses based on the SSU rDNA sequences corroborate the monophyly of Pseudourostyla Borror, 1972, which corresponds well with previous research. The phylogenetic analyses also show that Pseudourostyla and Hemicycliostyla Stokes, 1886, both of which are assigned to the family Pseudourostylidae based on morphological and morphogenetic data, in fact fall into separated clades. The approximately unbiased tests, however, do not reject the possibility that the family Pseudourostylidae is a monophyletic lineage.