bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Galvanostatic Electroshock Synthesis of Low Loading Au−Pt Nanoalloys Onto Gas Diffusion Electrodes as Multifunctional Electrocatalysts for a Glycerol‐Fed Electrolyzer
Authors: Hagheh Kavousi Zahra , Abdallah Layal , Ghorbanloo Massomeh , Bonniol Valerie , Rebiere Bertrand , Cornu David , Bechelany Mikhael , Holade Yaovi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWater electrolysis is increasingly considered a viable solution for meeting the world′s growing energy demands and mitigating environmental issues. An inventive strategy to mitigate the energy requirements involves substituting the energy‐intensive oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with biomass‐derived glycerol electrooxidation. Nonetheless, the synthesis of electrocatalysts for controlling the selectivity towards added‐value chemicals at the anode and efficient H2 generation at the cathode remains a critical bottleneck. Herein, we implemented a galvanostatic electroshock synthesis approach to control the reduction kinetics of Au(III) and Pt(IV) to grow ultra‐low amount of gold‐platinum alloys on a gas diffusion electrode (12–26 μgmetal cm−2) for glycerol‐fed hydroxide anion exchange membrane based electrolyzer. The symmetric GDE‐Au100–xPtx||GDE‐Au100–xPtx systems showed a notable improvement in electrolyzer performance (GDE‐Au64Pt36=201 mA cm−2) as compared to monometallic versions (GDE‐Au100Pt0=18 mA cm−2, GDE‐Au0Pt100=81 mA cm−2). Chromatography (HPLC) analysis underscores the critical importance of bulk electrolysis methodology (galvanostatic vs potentiostatic) for the efficient conversion of glycerol into high‐value‐added products. Regarding the electrical energy required to produce 1 kg of H2 for such an electrolyzer fed at the anode with glycerol, our results confirm a drastic decrease by a factor of at least two compared with conventional water electrolysis.
Efficient multicast forwarding in low power and lossy networks under RPL non‐storing mode
Authors: Jaisooraj Jayakumar , Madhu Kumar Sankaran Divakaran 
Published: July 2024

SummaryThe Internet of Things (IoT) continues to find novel applications across various domains. These applications require the support of efficient communication protocols in the Low Power and Lossy Networks (LLNs). The development of efficient multicast protocols is one such area that requires critical research attention. Efficient multicast protocols are especially important in the non‐storing mode of IPv6 Routing Protocol for LLNs (RPL), considering its applicability in real‐world IoT applications. However, the development of non‐storing RPL multicast protocols needs to handle the intricacies associated with source routing. Addressing these issues, this paper presents a novel multicast protocol named Multicast Forwarding in LLNs under Non‐storing mode (MFLN). MFLN uses Bloom Filters to minimize the overhead that comes with source routing. While retaining the best features of multicast protocols operating in the storing mode of RPL such as bidirectional traffic and cross‐layer optimization with ContikiMAC, MFLN also includes a novel metric named Mode Selection Metric (MSM) to decide the suitable link‐layer forwarding method. MSM makes this decision based on the ability of a node, in terms of its residual energy, to perform multiple link‐layer unicasts. Thus, MFLN saves the node battery from running out and at the same time reduces the duplicate packets created due to link‐layer broadcasts. The simulations conducted using Contiki‐COOJA indicate considerable improvements in terms of packet delivery ratio, energy consumption per delivered packet, packet transmissions, end‐to‐end delay, and normalized routing overhead for the proposed protocol.
Optimizing energy harvesting with diversity in cooperative simultaneous wireless information and power transfer systems
Authors: Singh Shweta , Kumar Rahul , Priya S. , Choudhury Mridusmita Roy , Ravi Vinayakumar , Gururaj H. L. 
Published: July 2024

SummaryRadio frequency (RF) energy harvesting (EH) for wireless networks provides a green and sustainable solution and offers an energy‐efficient system. It is most crucial for fulfilling the power requirement of the rising number of low‐powered wireless devices and achieving sustainable development goals (SDG). It ensures the longevity of devices in the network even at inaccessible remote locations. Such RF‐EH‐based mechanisms are utilized in simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) systems. Most of the prevailing studies have analyzed the SWIPT system over conventional fading channels. However, due to the higher rate requirements, the current paradigm shift in frequency usage shifts towards the GHz band, which also offers better EH efficiency. Hence, SWIPT system analysis over the channel that is suitable for mm‐wave signal propagation is dealt with in this study. This study evaluates SWIPT performance over fluctuating two‐ray (FTR) fading channel that is crucial since it provides the best fit for characterizing GHz signal and also provides a generalized framework for most of the conventional fading channels. This study presents new analytical results assuming time switch relaying (TSR) protocol with (i) amplify and forward (AF) and (ii) decode and forward (DF) relaying. The results are also analyzed for H branches maximal ratio combining (MRC) diversity technique and evaluated the diversity gain for both AF and DF relays. The effectiveness of the system is measured in terms of system outage probability (SOP) to envisage the reliability of SWIPT based system. This work presents the simulation and modeling of such system and its obtained results are validated by Monte Carlo simulations for their accuracy.
Design and performance analysis of L‐slotted MIMO antenna with improved isolation using defected ground structure for S‐band satellite application
Authors: Suganya E. , Prabhu T. , Palanisamy Satheeshkumar , Salau Ayodeji Olalekan 
Published: July 2024

SummaryThe increasing prevalence of MIMO technology in wireless communication networks is attributed to its ability to augment system capacity and dependability. Consequently, there is a notable enthusiasm for the advancement and implementation of S‐band applications. Nevertheless, the mutual coupling between numerous antennas presents a crucial obstacle to MIMO system performance. This paper presents a novel technique that utilizes a defective ground structure with parasitic components to increase antenna isolation and gain. Additionally, an L‐shaped slot is incorporated into the patch element to enhance the antennas impedance bandwidth. Antennas are intentionally placed in a perpendicular arrangement to minimize the impact of the coupling effects. The antenna exhibits an impedance bandwidth in the frequency range of 2.62–2.79 GHz. Furthermore, the utilization of a four‐element MIMO antenna setup with a defective ground structure yields outstanding isolation properties, with values notably lower than −25 dB. To achieve an optimal MIMO performance, we assessed various diversity parameters, including diversity gain, channel capacity loss, total active reflection coefficient, and envelope correlation coefficient. The parameter values were within acceptable limits (ECC < 0.04, DG = 10 dB, TARC < 0 dB, and CCL < 0.1 bits/s/Hz). This research paper therefore offers essential insights into the design and optimization of MIMO antennas specifically for 2.7 GHz applications.
Building living systematic reviews and reporting standards for comparative microscopic analysis of white diseases in hard corals
Authors: Page C. E. , Anderson E. , Ainsworth T. D. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOver the last 4 decades, coral disease research has continued to provide reports of diseases, the occurrence and severity of disease outbreaks and associated disease signs. Histology using systematic protocols is a gold standard for the microscopic assessment of diseases in veterinary and medical research, while also providing valuable information on host condition. However, uptake of histological analysis for coral disease remains limited. Increasing disease outbreaks on coral reefs as human impacts intensify highlights a need to understand the use of histology to date in coral disease research. Here, we apply a systematic approach to collating, mapping and reviewing histological methods used to study coral diseases with ‘white’ signs (i.e., white diseases) in hard coral taxa and map research effort in this field spanning study design, sample processing and analysis in the 33 publications identified between 1984 and 2022. We find that studies to date have not uniformly detailed methodologies, and terminology associated with reporting and disease description is inconsistent between studies. Combined these limitations reduce study repeatability, limiting the capacity for researchers to compare disease reports. A primary outcome of this study is the provision of transparent and repeatable protocols for systematically reviewing literature associated with white diseases of hard coral taxa, and development of recommendations for standardised reporting procedures with the aim of increasing uptake of histology in addition to allowing for ongoing comparative analysis through living systematic reviews for the coral disease field.
Counteractive effects of predator invasion and habitat destruction on predator–prey systems
Authors: Zhang Jing , Wang Linying , Yang Yinghui , Liu Haoqi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAlien species invasion and habitat destruction are among the primary threats to native animal communities, particularly for native predator–prey systems. However, when predator invasion and habitat destruction co‐occur, it remains unclear whether their respective threats to native systems compensate each other or accumulate, as well as how these effects respond to the different characteristics of predator invasion and habitat destruction. In this study, we developed a spatially explicit simulation model with one prey species and one predator species and exposed it to invasive predators and habitat destruction with different properties. The results revealed the following insights: (1) Habitat destruction can compensate threats to native predator–prey systems from global predator invasion only when native predators possess predation capability similar to those of the invaders. In other scenarios, cumulative effects arise from predator invasion and habitat destruction. (2) Low levels of habitat destruction occurring at a faster rate, in conjunction with a substantial number of global invasive predators being present, can better compensate their respective threats to native predator–prey systems than the other scenarios. These findings provide valuable insights into situations where habitat destruction and alien species invasion coincide. They raise the question of whether we can leverage the interaction between them to reduce threats to biodiversity.
A reproducible workflow for assembling the mitochondrial genome of Acheta domesticus (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)
Authors: Homchan Somjit , Kutanan Wibhu , Gupta Yash Munnalal 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this study, we report the assembly and annotation of the mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Acheta domesticus from breeding facility, a species commonly known as the house cricket. This species is considered to be an important edible cricket. The mitogenome was assembled using a reproducible protocol implemented on the Galaxy Europe Server, which involved uploading paired‐end fastq reads for bioinformatic analysis. The resulting mitogenome is 15,784 base pairs in length and has a GC content of 29.05%. The nucleotide composition of this mitogenome is similar to that of other insect mitogenomes, with A, T, C, and G nucleotides comprising 39.2%, 31.7%, 19.6%, and 9.5% of the mitogenome, respectively. The gene organization of the A. domesticus mitogenome is identical to that of other cricket species. The mitogenome consists of 37 genes, including 13 protein‐coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, and two rRNA genes. The congruence between PCA and Bayesian evolutionary tree analysis in clustering the divergent A. domesticus sequences highlights these genomes as candidates for further study to elucidate their distinct features and evolutionary history.
Multiparametric right ventricular assessment improves risk stratification in patients with new‐onset acute heart failure
Authors: Astengo Marco , Bobbio Emanuele , Polte Christian Lars , Täll Eric , Bollano Entela , Bech‐Hanssen Odd 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimsRisk stratification of patients with new‐onset acute heart failure (AHF) is important but remains challenging. In the present study, we evaluated the prognostic value of a new multiparameter right ventricular dysfunction (RVD) score.Methods and resultsPatients (n = 210) hospitalized due to new‐onset AHF between 2015 and 2018 were retrospectively included. Mean age was 56 ± 10 years, 24% were female and median left ventricular ejection fraction was 28% (interquartile range 20; 34%). The RVD score, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), and fractional area change (FAC) were determined at index hospitalization and after therapy titration. The 4‐point RVD score included reduced TAPSE, right ventricular enlargement, moderate or severe tricuspid regurgitation and increased central venous pressure. The study endpoint was a composite of all‐cause mortality, left ventricular assist device implantation, and heart transplantation. After 60 months median follow‐up time, 53 (25%) patients met the endpoint. At index hospitalization, there were no significant differences in any echocardiographic parameter between patients with and without the endpoint. After therapy titration, there were differences in TAPSE (16 vs. 19 mm, P = 0.001), FAC (33 vs. 40%, P < 0.001) and the proportion of patients with RVD score ≥2 (36 vs. 4%, P < 0.001). The presence of RVD despite therapy titration had different impact on survival depending on the parameter considered: the proportion of patients free from events after 1 year was 87% in patients with TAPSE <17 mm, 89% in patients with FAC <35% and 65% in patients with RVD score ≥2. In a multivariable analysis, RVD score ≥2 after therapy titration, but not TAPSE <17 mm or FAC < 35%, remained associated with a higher risk of the composite endpoint (hazard ratio 3.11, 95% confidence interval 1.44–6.74).ConclusionsA novel multiparametric RVD score might improve prognostic stratification in patients with new‐onset AHF. RVD after therapy titration, but not at index hospitalization is associated with a higher risk of the composite endpoint.
Assessing predictability of environmental time series with statistical and machine learning models
Authors: Bonas Matthew , Datta Abhirup , Wikle Christopher K. , Boone Edward L. , Alamri Faten S. , Hari Bhava Vyasa , Kavila Indulekha , Simmons Susan J. , Jarvis Shannon M. , Burr Wesley S. , Pagendam Daniel E. , Chang Won , Castruccio Stefano 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe ever increasing popularity of machine learning methods in virtually all areas of science, engineering and beyond is poised to put established statistical modeling approaches into question. Environmental statistics is no exception, as popular constructs such as neural networks and decision trees are now routinely used to provide forecasts of physical processes ranging from air pollution to meteorology. This presents both challenges and opportunities to the statistical community, which could contribute to the machine learning literature with a model‐based approach with formal uncertainty quantification. Should, however, classical statistical methodologies be discarded altogether in environmental statistics, and should our contribution be focused on formalizing machine learning constructs? This work aims at providing some answers to this thought‐provoking question with two time series case studies where selected models from both the statistical and machine learning literature are compared in terms of forecasting skills, uncertainty quantification and computational time. Relative merits of both class of approaches are discussed, and broad open questions are formulated as a baseline for a discussion on the topic.
Stark Warning Earth Rapidly Closing in on Paris Agreement Emission Thresholds
Authors: Cartwright Echo D. 
Published: July 2024

Abnormally high record‐setting temperatures which began in 2023 have now marked a one‐year continuous trend worldwide, with May 2024 being the hottest May ever recorded. Surpassing the 1.5° Celsius (C) warming threshold for a consecutive 12 months, scientists are increasing their warning of continued extreme heat waves that are pushing Earth towards a dangerous threshold.
Platinum‐Catalyzed Isomerization of Cyclopropenes to 1,3‐Dienes
Authors: Smyrnov Vladyslav , Homassel Antonin , Choudhury Leander , Waser Jerome 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHerein we report a platinum‐catalyzed isomerization of cyclopropenes to 1,3‐dienes. Diverse dienylated alcohols were obtained in 42–98 % yield. The synthetic potential of the products was demonstrated by their use in Diels–Alder cycloadditions with various dienophiles. Isotope labelling studies provide strong support for a mechanism involving pericyclic [1,5]‐σ‐bond rearrangement of a vinyl platinum carbene intermediate.
Numerical simulation for MHD slip flow with heat transfer over a stretching bullet‐shaped object
Authors: Sharma Surbhi , Goyal Mamta , Dadheech Amit 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) boundary layer slip flow with heat transfer over a bullet shaped object. The study addresses a significant problem in fluid dynamics and heat transport with applications in various engineering and industrial domains, including aerospace, material processing, and energy systems. The governing equations are resolved using the bvp4c, an inbuilt MATLAB tool, and the arithmetic computation for the momentum and thermotic equations are executed. The results are exhibited graphically. Numerical outcomes are graphically depicted with the aid of velocity and temperature profiles for several model variables. The achieved results exhibit a promising agreement with the previously established findings available in the open literature. The heat transfer processes and fluid flow are remarkably influenced by means of the ratio of surface thickness and stretching potential. The results obtained designated that the Mixed convection parameter λ increases momentum BL thickness, whereas the temperature profile diminishes. Furthermore, momentum and temperature profile improve for surface thickness parameter . The current investigation highlights the potential utility of heat transport rate and friction factor in the industrial divisions for regulating cooling rates and enhancing the quality of end products.
Pirfenidone use in fibrotic diseases: What do we know so far?
Authors: Torre Aldo , Martínez‐Sánchez Froylan David , Narvaez‐Chávez Sofía Mercedes , Herrera‐Islas Mariana Ariel , Aguilar‐Salinas Carlos Alberto , Córdova‐Gallardo Jacqueline 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundPirfenidone has demonstrated significant anti‐inflammatory and antifibrotic effects in both animal models and some clinical trials. Its potential for antifibrotic activity positions it as a promising candidate for the treatment of various fibrotic diseases. Pirfenidone exerts several pleiotropic and anti‐inflammatory effects through different molecular pathways, attenuating multiple inflammatory processes, including the secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, apoptosis, and fibroblast activation.ObjectiveTo present the current evidence of pirfenidone's effects on several fibrotic diseases, with a focus on its potential as a therapeutic option for managing chronic fibrotic conditions.FindingsPirfenidone has been extensively studied for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, showing a favorable impact and forming part of the current treatment regimen for this disease. Additionally, pirfenidone appears to have beneficial effects on similar fibrotic diseases such as interstitial lung disease, myocardial fibrosis, glomerulopathies, aberrant skin scarring, chronic liver disease, and other fibrotic disorders.ConclusionGiven the increasing incidence of chronic fibrotic conditions, pirfenidone emerges as a potential therapeutic option for these patients. However, further clinical trials are necessary to confirm its therapeutic efficacy in various fibrotic diseases. This review aims to highlight the current evidence of pirfenidone's effects in multiple fibrotic conditions.
Effects of epidural analgesia at 1 cm cervical dilatation on multiparae: A retrospective cohort study using propensity score‐matching
Authors: Chen Shunbin , Wu Chenhua , Zeng Xiaomei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of epidural analgesia (EA) administered at cervical dilatation of 1 cm on multiparae who underwent vaginal delivery.MethodsThis propensity score‐matched retrospective cohort research was conducted between 2021 and 2022. All the singleton multiparae who had previous successful vaginal deliveries and epidural analgesia during this delivery were screened for eligibility. The primary outcome was the effect of EA on the duration of labor. The main secondary outcomes included the incidence of cesarean delivery and umbilical arterial pH.ResultsThis study incorporated 686 multiparae who were divided into two cohorts: EA 1 (cervical dilatation = 1 cm, n = 166) and EA 2 (cervical dilatation >1 cm, n = 520). In the propensity score‐matched cohort (including 164 women in each group), there were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of cesarean delivery (4 [2.4%] vs 4 [2.4%], P = 1.000), umbilical arterial pH (7.28 ± 0.06 vs 7.28 ± 0.07, P = 0.550) and other secondary outcomes between the two groups. Based on a comparative assessment of the women who delivered vaginally to the Kaplan–Meier curves and propensity score‐matching (including 160 women in each group), there was no statistical significance in the duration of the first, second and third stages of labor (log rank P, P = 0.811; P = 0.413; P = 0.773, respectively).ConclusionInitiation of epidural analgesia at cervical dilatation of 1 cm in multiparae did not cause adverse effects with regard to the duration of labor, increased cesarean deliveries, and bad neonatal outcomes.