bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real-Time Prediction Of Hurricane Effects On Coastal Facilities
Authors: Blumberg Randolph , Pendleton Elmer , Shaw John R. , Osborn Charles 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT
The most critical problems facing management of coastal installations during a hurricane or major cyclonic storm are safety for human life and protection of production facilities while minimizing production losses. Equivalent risks exist for coastal municipalities.
Heretofore, there has been no sound basis for decisions forced on management by these environmental extremes. A proven computer-based system is now in use providing critical predictions of environmental effects well in advance of their occurrence. This prediction system was successfully used in the Gulf of Mexico during the 1970 hurricane season for hurricanes Celia and Ella and tropical storm Felice.

INTRODUCTION
During the Fall of 1969, The Dow Chemical Company, Texas Division (Dow) engaged the" American Science & Engineering Company (AmSEC) to determine the feasibility of developing a real-time system to provide hurricane effects predictions to minimize the losses due to hurricanes such as amille of 1969, should they approach the Freeport area. Initially, there as reservation as to the practicality f developing a prediction system which could provide management with forecasts far enough in advance to assist in decision making. The various hindcast systems used heretofore were generally time consuming and unwieldy.
The feasibility study indicated that such a system could be developed. A contract was subsequently awarded AmSEC to develop it. The contract effort yielded a prediction system which was not only practical and powerful but also economical to operate. The system pas actually proven to be even faster than anticipated.

DEFINITION OF PROBLEM
Billions of dollars worth of industrial and community properties along the northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico are exposed to possible severe damage or loss, every time a major hurricane moves across the open waters of the Gulf. The degree of risk to this massive investment is to a large extent a function of the accuracy and timeliness of predictions of the hurricane';s future path, speed of advance, intensity, and ultimate effects on coastal and offshore facilities. For many installations, particularly petro-chemical plants, it is critical to make a decision as to whether or not to shut down the plant, sometimes more than 24 hours before high winds reach the facility. Unnecessary plant shutdowns may result in millions of dollars of lost production; however, failure to act in time should a severe hurricane move near the plant, may produce serious hazards to life and result in a far greater loss due to uncontrolled shutdownsof various processes. Similarly an equivalent lack of proper action by a community can be disastrous.
New federal regulations for offshore oil and gas production make losses resulting from unnecessary shutdowns unrecoverable. This places special emphasis on the quality of hurricane risk predictions. Daily losses may run $500,000 per day for major offshore operators.
Effect of FTO Gene and Physical Activity Interaction on Trunk Fat Percentage Among the Newfoundland Population
Authors: Payne Anthony , Cahill Farrell , Sun Guang , Loredo-Osti J Concepción , Abarin Taraneh 
Published: June 2014

Objective To explore the effect of FTO gene and physical activity interaction on trunk fat percentage. Design and Methods Subjects are 3,004 individuals from Newfoundland and Labrador whose trunk fat percentage and physical activity were recorded, and who were genotyped for 11 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the FTO gene. Subjects were stratified by gender. Multiple tests and multiple regressions were used to analyze the effects of physical activity, variants of FTO, age, and their interactions on trunk fat percentage. Dietary information and other environmental factors were not considered. Results Higher levels of physical activity tend to reduce trunk fat percentage in all individuals. Furthermore, in males, rs9939609 and rs1421085 were significant (α = 0.05) in explaining central body fat, but no SNPs were significant in females. For highly active males, trunk fat percentage varied significantly between variants of rs9939609 and rs1421085, but there is no significant effect among individuals with low activity. The other SNPs examined were not significant in explaining trunk fat percentage. Conclusions Homozygous male carriers of non-obesity risk alleles at rs9939609 and rs1421085 will have significant reduction in central body fat from physical activity in contrast to homozygous males of the obesity-risk alleles. The additive effect of these SNPs is found in males with high physical activity only.
Sur la fidélité de certaines représentations de $\mathrm{GL}_2(F)$ sous une algèbre d'Iwasawa
Authors: Hu Yongquan , Morra Stefano , Schraen Benjamin 
Published: June 2014

Résumé

Soit

F

une extension finie de

{\mathbb Q} _p

,d'anneau des entiers

{\mathcal O} _F

et

E

une extension de

{\mathbb F} _p

. L'action naturelle de

{\mathcal O} _F^{\times }

sur

{\mathcal O} _F

se prolonge alors en une action continue sur l'algèbre d'Iwasawa

E\llbracket \mathcal O _F\rrbracket

. Dans ce travail, on démontre que les idéaux non nuls de

E\llbracket{\mathcal O} _F\rrbracket

stables par

{\mathcal O} _F^{\times }

sont ouverts. En particulier, on déduit la fidélité de l'action de l'algèbre d'Iwasawa des matrices unipotentes supérieures de

\mathrm{GL}_2({\mathcal O} _F)

sur une représentation lisse irréductible de dimension infinie de

\mathrm{GL}_2(F)

.
Effectiveness of Local Hemostatic Agents in Epistaxis
Authors: Hussain Tahir 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundEpistaxis is the commonest otorhinolaryngological emergency affecting up to 60% of the population in their lifetime with 6% requiring medical attention.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to find out the epidemiological profile of epistaxis in our area and to find out the effectiveness of various available eight treatment options.Materials and methodsThis study was conducted to describe the etiological profile and treatment outcome of epistaxis. This was a prospective study of the cases of epistaxis from July 2012 to May 2013. Till date, the data regarding the management of epistaxis in our setting was not available. The purpose was to evaluate the clinical and management options for epistaxis in our settings.ResultsA total of 100 patients with epistaxis were studied. Males were affected twice more than the females (2.6:1). Their mean age was 48.63 years (4-82 years). The commonest cause of epistaxis was idiopathic (33%) followed by trauma (21%) and hypertension (18%). Nonsurgical measures, such as light packing with cotton gauze soaked with local hemostatic (hemocoagulase) and antiseptic/antibiotic (36%), silver nitrate cauterization 20 (16%) and anterior nasal packing (15%) and observation alone (11%) were the main intervention methods in 78% of cases. Surgical measures mainly intranasal tumor resection was carried out in 3% of cases.ConclusionThe most common etiological factor for epistaxis is idiopathic. Most cases were successfully managed with conservative treatment alone and surgical intervention may not be necessary in most cases and should be the last resort.How to cite this articleHussain T. Effectiveness of Local Hemostatic Agents in Epistaxis. Int J Head Neck Surg 2014;5(1):1-5.
Dilemmas in Grading Epidermoid Carcinoma
Authors: Sharma Rachna , Rastogi Varun , Puri Naveen , Mishra Satyaranjan , Yadav Lalita , Sabharwal Robin 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) can be preceded by the appearance of lesions which have the potential either to develop into cancer or signal the development of cancer in the oral cavity. Oral squamous cell carcinoma is the 8th most common cancer worldwide and found particularly in low income communities and mainly a problem of older men, 90% being in the 45-year-age group. Histologic grading has been used as a prognostic factor and for clinical evaluation of OSCC for the past several decades. At the same time, the prognostic value of different grading classification remains controversial. So, in this article, we have reviewed the different grading system of oral squamous cell carcinoma and their prognostic value.How to cite this articleRastogi V, Puri N, Mishra S, Sharma R, Yadav L, Sabharwal R. Dilemmas in Grading Epidermoid Carcinoma. Int J Head Neck Surg 2014;5(1):9-14.
Antihistamines in Clinical Dentistry offering a Choice for Second Possibility in Reported Cases of Allergy to Local Anesthetics: Report of Two Cases and Literature Review
Authors: Khaji Shahanavaj Imam Husen 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTDrug allergy encompasses a spectrum of immunologically mediated hypersensitivity reaction with varying mechanisms and clinical presentation. Type of adverse drug reaction not only affects patient's quality of life, but may also lead to delayed treatment, unnecessary investigations and even mortality.The most effective strategy for the management of drug allergy is the avoidance or discontinuation of the offending drug. When available, alternative medications with unrelated chemical structures should be substituted. Patients who presents with history of allergy to local anesthetics are common in dental practices. In the present report, retrospective documented history of allergy to local anesthetics (lidocaine) in two patients (50 years/female, 35 years/male) were evaluated critically and needful dental treatment procedures were carried out using antihistamines pheniramine maleate: 22.75 mg/ml; DPH HCl: 1%) as local anesthetic agents. In both the cases, antihistamines proved to be beneficial, effective, devoid of complications.In conclusion, use of antihistaminic drugs in patients with documented history of allergy could be an alternative drug of choice having local anesthetic properties for minor dental treatment procedures in routine dental practice.How to cite this articleKhaji SIH. Antihistamines in Clinical Dentistry offering a Choice for Second Possibility in Reported Cases of Allergy to Local Anesthetics: Report of Two Cases and Literature Review. Int J Head Neck Surg 2014;5(1):35-38.
Structural Reinforcement and Sealing Ability of Temporary Fillings in Premolar with Class II MOD Cavities
Authors: Bello Yuri Dal , Barbizam João Vicente , Rosa Vinicius 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT

Aim
To evaluate the capability to reinforce tooth structure and sealing ability of temporary filling materials in premolars with MOD cavities. The hypothesis is that temporary filling materials can concomitantly prevent microleakage and increase fracture resistance.

Materials and methods
Premolars received root canal treatment and MOD cavities. Cavities were restored with noneugenol cement (CIM), glass ionomer cement (GIC) or light curable composite (BIO). Higid and without restoration were controls. Materials for flexual strength and teeth were tested for microleakage and compressive strength.

Results
GIC and Higid presented similar compressive strength, higher than other groups. Bio and GIC presented similar flexural strength higher than BIO. CIM and BIO showed similar microleakage lower than GIC.

Conclusion
The hypothesis was rejected as filling materials tested failed to prevent microleakage and to increase fracture resistance concomitantly.

Clinical significance
GIC may be considered to restore weakened teeth subjected to occlusal loads. BIO and CIM are better choices to microleakage in teeth not subjected to mechanical stresses.

How to cite this article
Bello YD, Barbizam JV, Rosa V. Structural Reinforcement and Sealing Ability of Temporary Fillings in Premolar with Class II MOD Cavities. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(1):66-70.
Uncommon True Isolated Macrodontia of a Maxillary Tooth
Authors: Pereira Luciana , de Almeida Assunção Priscila , de Almeida Salazar Sabrina Loren , Guedes Fábio Ribeiro , Abrahão Aline Corrêa , Cabral Márcia Grillo , Maia Lucianne Cople 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTMacrodontia is a rare dental anomaly which consists on the presence of any tooth or teeth larger than the average. In the present report the case of a child with an uncommon true isolated macrodontia of a maxillary central incisor is presented. The maxillary left central incisor was considered a macrodontic tooth since its mesiodistal crown dimension was 12.41 mm while the mesiodistal crown dimension of the maxillary right central incisor was 10.06 mm. The radiographic examination confirmed an enlarged maxillary left central incisor and a normal developing dentition. The patient did not report esthetic complaints, however, due the presence of anterior open bite and crowding, he was referred to orthodontic clinic. Thus, it must be point out the importance of the radiographic diagnosis to support the clinical findings, helping to plan and provide better treatment for the patient.How to cite this articlePereira L, de Almeida Assunção P, de Almeida Salazar SL, Guedes FR, Abrahão AC, Cabral MG, Maia LC. Uncommon True Isolated Macrodontia of a Maxillary Tooth. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(1):116-118.
Clinical Aspects and Conservative Dental Management of a Patient with Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva
Authors: Oliveira Francisco Artur Forte , Fernandes Clarissa Pessoa , Araujo Kenia Samara Barbosa , Alves Ana Paula Negreiros Nunes , Sousa Fabrício Bitu , Mota Mário Rogério Lima 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT

Aim
To present the clinical findings of a patient with Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (FOP), highlighting peculiarities of dental treatment in patients with this condition.

Background
FOP is a rare genetic disease characterized by skeletal malformations and ectopic ossifications in skeletal muscles, tendons, ligaments and aponeurosis. Exacerbation of these ossifications can be caused by dental treatment, resulting in disease progression.

Case description
A 26-year-old male patient with a diagnosis of FOP was referred to our service for dental treatment. The patient presented decreased mobility in peripheral joints (knees and elbows), postural disability (ankylosis of the vertebral column), lateral deviation and shortness of the hallux, as well as heterotopic ossifications on the hands and back. The implementation of conservative dental procedures, such as oral hygiene instructions and recurrent topical fluoride applications, were performed in addition to endodontic and restorative treatments. Brief dental appointments were conducted without using regional anesthesia or dental dam clamps. The dental chair was positioned at 45° to provide more comfort and to avoid exacerbating the disease. The patient has now completed 6 months of follow-up and is free of heterotopic ossifications resulting from dental treatment.

Conclusion
The dental treatment modifications implemented for the present case were sufficient to establish good oral health and to prevent the formation of heterotopic ossifications in the maxillofacial region.

Clinical significance
FOP is a rare disease dentists must familiarize themselves with to provide adequate, personalized treatment, which minimizes traumas that may exacerbate the disease.

How to cite this article
Oliveira FAF, Fernandes CP, Araujo KSB, Alves APNN, Sousa FB, Mota MRL. Clinical Aspects and Conservative Dental Management of a Patient with Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(1):122-126.
Oral Cytokeratins in Health and Disease
Authors: Ganavi BS 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT
The dynamics of oral mucosa is known by its inherent defensive nature. Certain areas demand tough shield when subjected to mechanical insults. This is met by structural scaffolding material referred as cytoskeleton comprised of intracellular protein filaments called cytokeratins in the surface squames of oral epithelia. They also equally contribute towards the architecture of odontogenic apparatus and salivary gland. Differentiation of epithelial cells within stratified epithelia regulates the expression of specific keratin gene. Any mutation in, or autoantibodies to keratins, desmosomal and cornified envelope proteins is translated into genetic and acquired human disorders. Sound knowledge of structural proteins, their expression, distribution and function plays a vital role in acquainting with these disorders and their application as differentiation markers. Thus, they form an integral aid in diagnostic pathology and may be instrumental in the future interventions by gene therapy. This review focuses on basics to current updates on oral cytokeratins with an emphasis on the genetic and acquired disorders of cytokeratins with oral implications.

How to cite this article
Rao RS, Patil S, Ganavi BS. Oral Cytokeratins in Health and Disease. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(1):127-136.
Herwaardering van herindeling: een evaluatie van 10 jaar gemeentelijke herindelingen in Gelderland, Limburg en Overijssel
Authors: Ferket Jony , Schulz Martin , van Twist Mark , van der Steen Martijn 
Published: June 2014

Revaluation of amalgamation: an evaluation of 10 years of municipal amalgamations in Gelderland, Limburg en Overijssel
This article presents the effects of an evaluation study of different municipal amalgamations in the past ten years in the Dutch provinces Gelderland, Limburg and Overijssel. It is an evaluation that passes through two tracks; we investigate by written sources and evaluation studies of specific amalgamations its gains, but we also by the method of a survey-feedback have asked the opinions on the amalgamation of a considerable group of people involved in the amalgamation. Would they do it again this way years after the amalgamation and they do have a positive or negative assessment of the amalgamation as a whole afterwards? The answer to this question is surprising: a lot of people involved are quite positive on a municipal amalgamation and would choose for it again in the same circumstances. They also think it is an alternative to be preferred over piling up arrangements of municipal cooperation. There is also a remarkable small difference between the assessment afterwards of a voluntary or a ‘forced’ amalgamation. That difference of assessment can be felt intensively in the process before and during the amalgamation, but afterwards the respondents are also positive about amalgamations that have been imposed ‘top-down’. This result suggests that the proverb of a ‘bottom-up amalgamation’ needs relativisation and the provinces and the central government can play a more active part in the process of amalgamation.
Gewoon doen! Een beschouwing over vier kritieken op de doe-democratie
Authors: van Stipdonk Vincent 
Published: June 2014

Just do it! A reflection on four criticisms of ‘do-democracy’
The (changing) relations between citizens and administration are in the middle of attention and therefore the Dutch cabinet indicated in a white paper on ‘do-democracy’ (that is a literal translation of the Dutch word “Doe-democratie”) its willingness to contribute actively to the transition to more ‘do-democracy’ (a form of co-decision making of citizens by handling societal issues themselves). In a number of examples the cabinet showed which possibilities it sees to support civilian forces, but also mentioned several dilemmas, risks and objections it brings about. The white paper received praising as well as critical reactions. Especially from the critical reactions we can learn in which respects further action or reflection is necessary. To stimulate thinking and especially doing this article treats four criticisms not enough dealt with in the white paper itself: 1) ‘do-democracy’ is just a cover-up for expenditure cuts; 2) ‘do-democracy’ does a moral appeal on (affective) citizenship; 3) ‘do-democracy’ is reserved for the wealthy and the high-educated: a ‘do-aristocracy’; 4) it not a real form of democracy, because no control is handed over. To help our government every criticism is accompanied by a reply. In a short conclusion the author (himself secretary of the white paper) calls the government to make a start with the actual implementation of the ideas of the white paper.
The Effect of 'Excessive’ Tax Planning and Tax Setting on Welfare: Action Needed?
Authors: Vrijburg Hendrik 
Published: June 2014

The Effect of 'Excessive’ Tax Planning and Tax Setting on Welfare: Action Needed?
This article presents a literature review on the welfare effects of excessive company taxation practices. The article intends to structure the debate by sketching a conceptual framework of thought for the topic under consideration and places the existing literature within this framework. The article ends with a thought-provoking discussion between two extreme papers in the literature, one against tax planning and one in favour. The discussion is concluded by identifying the fundamental differences in assumptions underlying both approaches.
Het legaat met keuzemogelijkheid en ‘het verbod van willekeur’
Authors: Bauduin Nathalie 
Published: June 2014

Het legaat met keuzemogelijkheid en ‘het verbod van willekeur’
In deze bijdrage wordt nader ingegaan op het erfrechtelijke ‘willekeur’-begrip. Volgens de minister is het niet toegestaan dat een erflater een legaat maakt dat afhankelijk is van de willekeur van een ander. Wanneer is hiervan sprake en hoe zwaar dient aan dit, door de minister uitgesproken, ’willekeurverbod’ getild te worden? Aan de hand van een korte beschouwing van het bepaaldheidsvereiste, de corrigerende rol die de redelijkheid en billijkheid in ons vermogensrecht kan spelen, een analyse van het Duitse § 2065 I BGB, de al dan niet toelaatbaarheid van de potestatieve voorwaarde en een vergelijking met de schenking, kan naar het oordeel van de auteur worden gesteld dat voor erfrechtelijke willekeur niet gauw gevreesd hoeft te worden.---This contribution examines the definition of arbitrariness in Dutch succession law. According to the Ministry of Justice of the Netherlands, a testator is not permitted to make a bequest subject to the arbitrariness of a third party. What does arbitrariness mean, and how important is this ’prohibition of arbitrariness’? Based on a review of the determinable terms, the role of equity and fairness in Dutch property law, the German provision § 2065 I BGB, the principle of ’potestatieve voorwaarde’, and through comparison with benefactions, the author suggests that there is hardly any risk of arbitrariness in Dutch succession law.