bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A definição do perfil de vulnerabilidade para acesso à política de permanência no ensino superior
Authors: Pereira Lilian Tedy , Almeida Mário de Souza 
Published: February 2015

Este estudo busca analisar o sistema de estudo socioeconômico realizado nas Universidades. Os fundamentos que balizaram o estudo foram: Conhecimentos dos Profissionais da Equipe de Serviço Social, a Delimitação da concepção de Vulnerabilidade, Gestão das Políticas de Permanência e o Instrumental Técnico Operativo utilizado no Estudo Socioeconômico. No desenvolvimento da pesquisa, utilizou-se uma abordagem qualitativa de natureza aplicada com caráter descritivo do estudo de multicaso. Para coleta de dados foi utilizada a pesquisa documental, bibliográfica e o questionário encaminhado via e-mail aos gestores das equipes de Assistentes Sociais de cinco universidades. Nas informações obtidas foi possível identificar as formas utilizadas para o estudo socioeconômico nas universidades. Embora as formas adotadas de construção das metodologias apresentem a preocupação com as bases teóricas, que são principalmente desenvolvidas a partir dos conhecimentos dos Assistentes Sociais, não fica clara a definição de uma teoria específica para estudo socioeconômico.
Over een verdrinkend kalf en groener gras
Authors: Groeneweg Merijne 
Published: February 2015

The forensic psychiatric and psychological report in the Netherlands and Belgium
During the Belgian criminal trial on Kim de Gelder, Belgian forensic psychiatry was criticized. Forensic psychiatrists seemed to be longing for the Dutch practice. Was this justified? In this article, the psychological and psychiatric report in criminal cases in the Netherlands and Belgium are compared. Subjects of criticism are analyzed. Important differences exist regarding to the competency assessment the experts, their research possibilities, the (legal) requirements to the psychological and psychiatric report and the concept of ‘toerekeningsvatbaarheid’. New Belgian legislation can be a basis for improvement. Taking the differences into account, the Dutch practice could service on improving certain criticized aspects.
Simultaneous Determination of Tramadol and its Metabolite in Human Plasma by GC/MS
Authors: Yılmaz Bılal , Erdem Alı Fuat 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A simple and sensitive GC/MS method for the determination of tramadol and its metabolite (O-desmethyltramadol) in human plasma was developed and validated. Medazepam was used as an internal standard. The calibration curves were linear (r = 0.999) over tramadol and O-desmethyltramadol concentrations ranging from 10 to 200 ng/mL and 7.5 to 300 ng/mL, respectively. The method had an accuracy of &gt;95% and intra- and interday precision (RSD%) of ≤4.83% and ≤4.68% for tramadol and O-desmethyltramadol, respectively. The extraction recoveries were 97.6 ± 1.21% and 96.3 ± 1.66%for tramadol and O-desmethyltramadol, respectively. The LOQ using 0.5 mL human plasma was 10 ng/mL for tramadol and 7.5 ng/mL for O-desmethyltramadol. Stability studies showed that tramadol and O-desmethyltramadol were stable in human plasma after 8 h incubation at room temperature or after 1 week storage at –20°C with three freeze-thaw cycles. Also, this method was successfully applied to six patients who had been given an intravenous formulation of 100 mg tramadol with Cmax results of 2018.1 ± 687.8 and 96.1 ±22.7 ng/mL for tramadol and O-desmethyltramadol, respectively.
Identification of Radiodegradation Products of Acebutolol and Alprenolol by HPLC/MS/MS
Authors: Ogrodowczyk Magdalena , Dettlaff Katarzyna , Kachlicki Piotr , Marciniec Barbara 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Two therapeutically active compounds from the group of β-blockers, acebutolol (AC) and alprenolol (AL), in solid form were subjected to ionizing radiation emitted by a beam of high energy electrons from an accelerator with a standard sterilization dose of 25 kGy and in higher doses of 50–400 kGy. The effects of irradiation were detected by chromatographic methods (TLC, HPLC) and a hyphenated method (HPLC/MS/MS). No significant changes in the physicochemical properties of both compounds studied irradiated with 25 kGy were noted, but upon irradiation with the highest dose (400 kGy) the loss of AC and AL content determined by HPLC was 2.79 and 9.12%, respectively. The product of AC decomposition and the two products of AL decomposition were separated and identified by HPLC/MS/MS. It has been established that radiodegradation of AC and AL takes place by oxidation, leading to formation of the products of radiolysis, most probably alcohol derivatives of the β-blockers studied. The additional product that appears on radiodegradation of AL is probably formed as a result of two simultaneous reactions: oxidation and CH2 group elimination.
Crop Plant Genotyping by Real-Time PCR Analysis of Crude Extracts of Seeds
Authors: Lan Yang , Wang Cheng-En , Wu Chuan-Fang , Liu Zhong-Yu , Gao Chun-Fang 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Development of agricultural biotechnology requires rapid and convenient methods for crop plant genotyping. Real-time PCR is sensitive and reliable, and has been a routine technique in plant research. However, its application is limited by the cumbersome DNAtemplate preparation procedures. We tested three PCRmaster mixes for direct amplification of crude seed DNA extracts without extensive purification. One mixhad higher resistance to plant-derived PCR inhibitors and was shown to be applicable to various important crop plants. Furthermore, this method is capable of detecting single-copy genes from 2 mg pieces of seeds repetitively. Meanwhile, melting curve analysis could detect amplicons directly without electrophoresis manipulations. Taken together, this direct real-time PCR method provides a rapid and convenient toolfor seed genotypic screening in crop plants.
Quantitative Determination of α-Arbutin, β-Arbutin, Kojic Acid, Nicotinamide, Hydroquinone, Resorcinol, 4-Methoxyphenol, 4-Ethoxyphenol, and Ascorbic Acid from Skin Whitening Products by HPLC-UV
Authors: Wang Yan-Hong , Avonto Cristina , Avula Bharathi , Wang Mei , Rua Diego , Khan Ikhlas A 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
An HPLC-UV method was developed for the quantitative analysis of nine skin whitening agents in a single injection. These compounds are α-arbutin, β-arbutin, kojic acid, nicotinamide, resorcinol, ascorbic acid, hydroquinone, 4-methoxyphenol, and 4-ethoxyphenol. The separation was achieved on a reversed-phase C18 column within 30 min. The mobile phase was composed of water and methanol, both containing 0.1% acetic acid (v/v). The stability of the analytes was evaluated at different pH values between 2.3 and 7.6, and the extraction procedurewas validated for different types of skin whitening product matrixes, which included two creams, a soap bar, and a capsule. The best solvent system for sample preparation was 20 mM NaH2PO4 containing 10% methanol at pH 2.3. The analytica method was validated for accuracy, precision, LOD, and LOQ. The developed HPLC-UV method was applied forthe quantitation of the nine analytes in 59 skin whitening products including creams, lotions, sera, foams, gels, mask sheets, soap bars, tablets, and capsules.
Conditions de travail et maintien en emploi des seniors : enjeux d’un « décloisonnement » des approches et des pratiques
Authors: Delgoulet Catherine , Volkoff Serge , Caron Laurent , Caser Fabienne , Jolivet Annie , Théry Laurence 
Published: February 2015

La France, comme de nombreux pays occidentaux, est confrontée depuis trente ans à un vieillissement de sa population en général, et de sa population active en particulier. Dans une optique d’équilibre des systèmes de retraite, des directives de l’Union Européenne, déclinées dans chaque pays sous forme d’accords ou plans nationaux, ont eu pour objectif répété de reculer l’âge de départ en retraite et de promouvoir l’emploi des salariés les plus âgés. Les enquêtes menées jusqu’ici montrent cependant que les attitudes et les pratiques des entreprises n’évoluent pas rapidement et qu’il est judicieux de considérer les conditions de travail comme un des vecteurs du maintien en emploi des seniors.
Cet article présente les résultats d’une étude empirique menée en France, à la demande du Conseil d’Orientation des Conditions de Travail (COCT), auprès de treize entreprises de taille et secteur d’activité variés qui ont inscrit dans leur plan ou accord « seniors » des dimensions relatives aux conditions de travail. Les monographies ainsi réalisées ont pour objectif d’éclairer les politiques publiques dans la perspective d’une démarche compréhensive favorisant une approche intégrée de la question du maintien en emploi des seniors. Elles permettent de pointer les limites mêmes des catégorisations que l’on pourrait tenter (« seniors », « conditions de travail », etc.) et les risques de cloisonnement associés. Elles permettent aussi de préciser la vitalité de démarches décloisonnées, leurs retombées, et les enseignements que l’on peut en tirer pour les politiques publiques.
Are steady magnetospheric convection events prolonged substorms?
Authors: Walach M.‐T. , Milan S. E. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractMagnetospheric modes, including substorms, sawtooth events, and steady magnetospheric convection events, have in the past been described as different responses of the magnetosphere to coupling with the solar wind. Using previously determined event lists for sawtooth events, steady magnetospheric convection events, and substorms, we produce a statistical study of these event types to examine their similarities and behavior in terms of solar wind parameters, auroral brightness, open magnetospheric flux, and geomagnetic indices. A superposed epoch analysis shows that individual sawteeth show the same signatures as substorms but occur during more extreme cases of solar wind driving as well as geomagnetic activity. We also explore the limitations of current methods of identifying steady magnetospheric convection events and explain why some of those events are flagged inappropriately. We show that 58% of the steady magnetospheric convection events considered, as identified by criteria defined in previous studies are part of a prolonged version of substorms due to continued dayside driving during expansion phase. The remaining 42% are episodes of enhanced magnetospheric convection, occurring after extended periods of dayside driving.
Fast damping of ultralow frequency waves excited by interplanetary shocks in the magnetosphere
Authors: Wang Chengrui , Rankin Robert , Zong Qiugang 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAnalysis of Cluster spacecraft data shows that intense ultralow frequency (ULF) waves in the inner magnetosphere can be excited by the impact of interplanetary shocks and solar wind dynamic pressure variations. The observations reveal that such waves can be damped away rapidly in a few tens of minutes. Here we examine mechanisms of ULF wave damping for two interplanetary shocks observed by Cluster on 7 November 2004 and 30 August 2001. The mechanisms considered are ionospheric joule heating, Landau damping, and waveguide energy propagation. It is shown that Landau damping provides the dominant ULF wave damping for the shock events of interest. It is further demonstrated that damping is caused by drift‐bounce resonance with ions in the energy range of a few keV. Landau damping is shown to be more effective in the plasmasphere boundary layer due to the higher proportion of Landau resonant ions that exist in that region.
The strength anisotropy of localized compaction: A model for the role of the nature and orientation of cross‐beds on the orientation and distribution of compaction bands in 3‐D
Authors: Deng Shang , Aydin Atilla 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe field observations indicate that the low‐angle bed‐parallel compaction bands and the high‐angle‐to‐bedding compaction bands occur only in cross‐beds with certain range of bedding orientations in the Aztec Sandstone at the Valley of Fire State Park (NV). The hypothesis is that the primary underlying mechanical reason for this phenomenon is the strength anisotropy of localized compaction in anisotropic sandstones. In this paper, we used a quadratic failure criterion to describe the strength anisotropy of localized compaction and compared the results with the field data. The results show a clear relationship among the cross‐beds with (or without) compaction bands of certain orientations and the cross‐beds with relatively lower (or higher) calculated strength of localized compaction. We also used the quadratic failure criterion to fit the yield caps of anisotropic sandstones deformed in the laboratory by previous investigators and achieved some degree of success. These findings indicate that the strength anisotropy of localized compaction is an important factor controlling the compartmentalized distribution of compaction bands of various orientations in the aeolian sandstones.
Derivation and use of core surface flows for forecasting secular variation
Authors: Whaler K. A. , Beggan C. D. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractImproving forecasts of the temporal and spatial changes of the Earth's main magnetic field over periods of less than 5 years has important scientific and economic benefits. Various methods for forecasting the rate of change, or secular variation, have been tried over the past few decades, ranging from the extrapolation of trends in ground observatory measurements to computational geodynamo modeling with data assimilation from historical magnetic field models. We examine the utility of an intermediate approach, using temporally varying core surface flow models derived from relatively short periods of magnetic field data to produce, by advection, secular variation estimates valid for the Earth's surface. We describe a new method to compute a core flow changing linearly with time from magnetic secular variation and acceleration data. We invert a combination of data from the CHAMP satellite mission and ground observatories over the period 2001.0 to 2010.0 for a series of such models. We assess their ability to forecast magnetic field changes by comparing them to CHAOS‐4, a state‐of‐the‐art model using data from 1997 to 2014.5. We show that the magnetic field predictions tend to have a lower root‐mean‐square difference from CHAOS‐4 than the International Geomagnetic Reference Field or World Magnetic Map series of secular variation models.
An analysis of the evolution of Meddies in the North Atlantic using floats and multisensor satellite data
Authors: Jo Young‐Heon , Ienna Federico , Yan Xiao‐Hai 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPrevious studies focusing on the remote detection of Mediterranean Eddies (Meddies) have reported that the isopycnal surface changes derived from satellite multisensor measurements at the approximate depth of 400 m can be used to sense the presence of underlying Meddies. While the isopycnal surface near that depth does indeed reveal the locations of Meddies, an analysis of isopycnal surface changes in response to the evolution of Meddies has yet to be made. Accordingly, this research focuses on analyzing the relationship between isopycnal surface changes and the evolution of Meddies. The vertical isopycnal surface variability of Meddies, which is directly related to contributions from rotational velocity, interior thermal variation, and vertical displacement of Meddies, is observed and studied using float observations from A Mediterranean Undercurrent Seeding Experiment (AMUSE). The contributions of each of the three aforementioned parameters are estimated, enabling us to understand their relative role in changing the isopycnal surface above Meddies. Furthermore, in order to further understand Meddies' evolution and their associated forcing, the dominant frequencies of their horizontal and vertical displacements, as well as the sea surface height variability above the Meddy, are analyzed using the Hilbert‐Huang Transform. Finally, the horizontal and the vertical eddy viscosity dissipation of Meddies is computed and compared with a theoretical model. The empirical horizontal and the vertical eddy viscosities are found to be 7 × 106 cm2 s−1 and 200 cm2 s−1, respectively. This study will therefore contribute to understanding how the isopycnal surface is related to the presence of Meddies, what frequencies dominate its variability, and the values of eddy viscosity which can be used for a numerical model.
Three‐dimensional structures of tropical nonmigrating tides in a high‐vertical‐resolution general circulation model
Authors: Sakazaki Takatoshi , Sato Kaoru , Kawatani Yoshio , Watanabe Shingo 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis paper investigates nonmigrating tides from the ground to the lower mesosphere using data from a high‐resolution general circulation model (KANTO GCM), as well as observational data from the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry instrument on board the Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics satellite and from GPS radio occultation measurements obtained with the COSMIC/FORMOSAT‐3 mission. We extract nonmigrating tides using a composite as a function of universal time in physical space, without performing a zonal wave number decomposition. The KANTO GCM clearly demonstrates that tropical nonmigrating tides are regarded as gravity waves excited by diabatic heating enhanced over two major continents, specifically Africa and South America. They propagate zonally, in a direction away from their sources; that is, west and eastward propagating waves are dominant on the western and eastern sides of the continents, respectively. These characteristics are observed in two satellite data sets as well, except that the amplitudes in the KANTO GCM are larger than those in the observations. Seasonal variations of nonmigrating tides are also investigated. It is suggested that filtering owing to the stratopause semiannual oscillation, as well as diabatic heating in the troposphere, is important for the seasonal variations of nonmigrating tides in the stratosphere and the lower mesosphere.
Multiple regression and inverse moments improve the characterization of the spatial scaling behavior of daily streamflows in the Southeast United States
Authors: Farmer William H. , Over Thomas M. , Vogel Richard M. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractUnderstanding the spatial structure of daily streamflow is essential for managing freshwater resources, especially in poorly gaged regions. Spatial scaling assumptions are common in flood frequency prediction (e.g., index‐flood method) and the prediction of continuous streamflow at ungaged sites (e.g. drainage‐area ratio), with simple scaling by drainage area being the most common assumption. In this study, scaling analyses of daily streamflow from 173 streamgages in the southeastern United States resulted in three important findings. First, the use of only positive integer moment orders, as has been done in most previous studies, captures only the probabilistic and spatial scaling behavior of flows above an exceedance probability near the median; negative moment orders (inverse moments) are needed for lower streamflows. Second, assessing scaling by using drainage area alone is shown to result in a high degree of omitted‐variable bias, masking the true spatial scaling behavior. Multiple regression is shown to mitigate this bias, controlling for regional heterogeneity of basin attributes, especially those correlated with drainage area. Previous univariate scaling analyses have neglected the scaling of low‐flow events and may have produced biased estimates of the spatial scaling exponent. Third, the multiple regression results show that mean flows scale with an exponent of one, low flows scale with spatial scaling exponents greater than one, and high flows scale with exponents less than one. The relationship between scaling exponents and exceedance probabilities may be a fundamental signature of regional streamflow. This signature may improve our understanding of the physical processes generating streamflow at different exceedance probabilities.
A robust fixed‐lag receding horizon smoother for uncertain state space models
Authors: Kwon Bokyu , Quan Zhonghua , Han Soohee 
Published: February 2015

SummaryIn this paper, a robust fixed‐lag receding horizon (RH) smoother is proposed for a discrete‐time state space model with bounded uncertainties. The proposed robust RH smoother is based on a set‐valued state estimation method, which produces a set of possible estimates based on inputs and outputs measured over a finite time horizon. The set of possible estimates is represented in an ellipsoidal form, and then the major axis of the ellipsoid is minimized with respect to the preview size. The center of the ellipsoid with the minimum major axis is taken as the estimate of the real state to minimize the possible maximum estimation error under bounded uncertainties. It is illustrated through a numerical example that the proposed robust RH smoother has better performance than the conventional robust Kalman smoothers. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of the Suitability of Poly(lactic acid) in Rotational Molding Process
Authors: Greco Antonio , Maffezzoli Alfonso 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThis paper is aimed to study the suitability of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) for the production of biodegradable containers by rotational molding. To increase polymer toughness, PLA was plasticized with poly(ethylene glycole) (PEG), with an average molecular weight of 400 g/mol. Differential scanning calorimetry performed on neat PLA and PEG‐plasticized PLA showed that the former is characterized by a better quenchability than the latter. Neat PLA and PEG‐plasticized PLA were used for the production of rotational molding prototypes of simple shape. Owing to its very slow crystallization kinetics, a completely amorphous PLA was obtained by rotational molding with air cooling. As a consequence, rotomolded PLA is characterized by a good ductility and toughness. In contrast, the higher crystallization rate induced by the addition of PEG did not allow to obtain an amorphous structure for plasticized PLA, even if faster cooling was attained by water spraying. As a consequence, the PEG‐plasticized PLA, characterized by a semicrystalline structure, shows a lower ductility and toughness compared to neat PLA.
Xenon‐MRT an lebenden Zellen mit Hyper‐CEST‐Biosensoren für metabolisch markierte Glykane an der Zelloberfläche
Authors: Witte Christopher , Martos Vera , Rose Honor May , Reinke Stefan , Klippel Stefan , Schröder Leif , Hackenberger Christian P. R. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractDas Targeting von metabolisch markierten Glykanen mit herkömmlichen MRT‐Kontrastmitteln erschien bislang als nicht realisierbar. Hier erweitern wir die Anwendungen von Xenon‐Hyper‐CEST‐Biosensoren in Zellen und präsentieren damit die erste erfolgreiche molekulare Bildgebung dieser Glykane mittels MRT. Hyper‐CEST‐Biosensoren sind eine neue Klasse von MRT‐Kontrastmitteln mit sehr hoher Empfindlichkeit. Darauf basierend wurde ein multimodaler Biosensor für sowohl Fluoreszenz‐ als auch Xenon‐MRT‐Detektion entwickelt, der selektiv mit metabolisch markierten Sialinsäuren durch bioorthogonale Chemie verknüpft wurde. Die Verwendung eines kürzlich entwickelten Bioreaktors zur Untersuchung lebender Zellen ermöglicht somit den Nachweis von Zelloberflächenglykanen mittels Xenon‐MRT bei nanomolaren Konzentrationen.