bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PPI layouts: BioJS components for the display of Protein-Protein Interactions
Authors: Salazar Gustavo A. , Meintjes Ayton , Mulder Nicola 
Published: February 2014

Summary: We present two web-based components for the display of Protein-Protein Interaction networks using different self-organizing layout methods: force-directed and circular. These components conform to the BioJS standard and can be rendered in an HTML5-compliant browser without the need for third-party plugins. We provide examples of interaction networks and how the components can be used to visualize them, and refer to a more complex tool that uses these components. Availability: http://github.com/biojs/biojs; http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753
BioJS DAGViewer: A reusable JavaScript component for displaying directed graphs
Authors: Kalderimis Alexis , Stepan Radek , Sullivan Julie , Lyne Rachel , Lyne Michael , Micklem Gos 
Published: February 2014

Summary: The DAGViewer BioJS component is a reusable JavaScript component made available as part of the BioJS project and intended to be used to display graphs of structured data, with a particular emphasis on Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs). It enables users to embed representations of graphs of data, such as ontologies or phylogenetic trees, in hyper-text documents (HTML). This component is generic, since it is capable (given the appropriate configuration) of displaying any kind of data that is organised as a graph. The features of this component which are useful for examining and filtering large and complex graphs are described.Availability: http://github.com/alexkalderimis/dag-viewer-biojs; http://github.com/biojs/biojs; http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8303.
Sequence, a BioJS component for visualising sequences
Authors: Gomez John , Jimenez Rafael 
Published: February 2014

Summary: Sequences are probably the most common piece of information in sites providing biological data resources, particularly those related to genes and proteins. Multiple visual representations of the same sequence can be found across those sites. This can lead to an inconsistency compromising both the user experience and usability while working with graphical representations of a sequence. Furthermore, the code of the visualisation module is commonly embedded and merged with the rest of the application, making it difficult to reuse it in other applications. In this paper, we present a BioJS component for visualising sequences with a set of options supporting a flexible configuration of the visual representation, such as formats, colours, annotations, and columns, among others. This component aims to facilitate a common representation across different sites, making it easier for end users to move from one site to another.Availability: http://www.ebi.ac.uk/Tools/biojs; http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8299
wigExplorer, a BioJS component to visualise wig data
Authors: Thanki Anil S. , Jimenez Rafael C. , Kaithakottil Gemy G. , Corpas Manuel , Davey Robert P. 
Published: February 2014

Summary: wigExplorer is a BioJS component whose main purpose is to provide a platform for visualisation of wig-formatted data. Wig files are extensively used by genome browsers such as the UCSC Genome Browser. wigExplorer follows the BioJS standard specification, requiring a simple configuration and installation. wigExplorer provides an easy way to navigate the visible region of the canvas and allows interaction with other components via predefined events.Availability: http://github.com/biojs/biojs; http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7721
DNAContentViewer a BioJS component to visualise GC/AT Content
Authors: Thanki Anil S. , Caim Shabhonam , Corpas Manuel , Davey Robert P. 
Published: February 2014

Summary: Compositional GC/AT content of DNA sequences is a useful feature in genome analysis. GC/AT content provides useful information about evolution, structure and function of genomes, giving clues about their biological function and organisation. We have developed DNAContentViewer, a BioJS component for visualisation of compositional GC/AT content in raw sequences. DNAContentViewer has been integrated in the BioJS project as part of the BioJS registry of components. DNAContentViewer requires a simple configuration and installation. Its design allows potential interactions with other components via predefined events. Availability: http://github.com/biojs/biojs; doi: 10.5281/zenodo.7722.
Wind Resource Assessment in Abadan Airport in Iran
Authors: Nedaei Mojtaba 
Published: February 2014

Renewable energies have potential for supplying of relatively clean and mostly local energy. Wind energy generation is expected to increase in the near future and has experienced dramatic growth over the past decade in many countries. Wind speed is the most important parameter in the design and study of wind energy conversion systems. Probability density functions such as Weibull and Rayleigh are often used in wind speed and wind energy analyses. This paper presents an assessment of wind energy at three heights during near two years based on Weibull distribution function in Abadan Airport. Extrapolation of the 10 m and 40 m data, using the power law, has been used to determine the wind speed at height of 80 m. According to the results wind speed at 80 m height in Abadan is ranged from 5.8 m/s in Nov to 8.5 m/s in Jun with average value of 7.15 m/s. In this study, different parameters such as Weibull parameters, diurnal and monthly wind speeds, cumulative distribution and turbulence intensity have been estimated and analyzed. In addition Energy production of different wind turbines at different heights was estimated. The results show that the studied site has good potential for Installation of large and commercial wind turbines at height of 80 m or higher. Keywords: Abadan, Iran, wind energy, wind resource, wind turbine, Weibull
Characteristics of Waste Plastics Pyrolytic Oil and Its Applications as Alternative Fuel on Four Cylinder Diesel Engines
Authors: Nugroho Pratama Nosal , Saptoadi Harwin 
Published: February 2014

Waste plastics recycling using pyrolysis method is not only able to decrease a number of environment pollutant but also able to produce economical and high quality hydrocarbon products. Two experiments were conducted to completely study Waste Plastic Pyrolytic Oil (WPPO) characteristics and its applications. First experiment investigated oil characteristics derived from pyrolysis process in two stages batch reactors: pyrolysis and catalytic reforming reactor, at maximum temperature 500oC and 450oC respectively. Waste Polyethylene (PE), Polypropylene (PP), Polystyrene (PS), Polyethylene Terepthalate (PET) and others were used as raw material. Nitrogen flow rate at 0.8 l/minutes was used to increase oil weight percentage. Indonesian natural zeolite was used as catalyst. Then, second experiment was carried out on Diesel Engine Test Bed (DETB) used blending of WPPO and Biodiesel fuel with a volume ratio of 1:9. This experiment was specifically conducted to study how much potency of blending of WPPO and biodiesel in diesel engine. The result of first experiment showed that the highest weight percentage of WPPO derived from mixture of PE waste (50%wt), PP waste (40%wt) and PS waste (10%wt) is 45.13%wt. The more weight percentage of PE in feedstock effected on the less weight percentage of WPPO, the more percentage of C12-C20 content in WPPO and the higher calorific value of WPPO. Characteristics of WPPO such as, Specific Gravity, Flash point, Pour Point, Kinematic Viscosity, Calorific value and percentage of C12-C20 showed interesting result that WPPO could be developed as alternative fuel on diesel fuel blending due to the proximity of their characteristics. Performance of diesel engine using blending of WPPO and biodiesel on second experiment gave good result so the WPPO will have great potency to be valuable alternative liquid fuel in future, especially on stationary diesel engine and transportation engine application.
Mesopotamian Political History: The Perversities
Authors: Richardson Seth 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis essay outlines approaches and problems in writing ancient Mesopotamian political history. A brief review of Assyriological studies is contrasted to political history generally. What follows are six points of theory which present problems and opportunities for moving these studies forward, based on a refocus away from the state; the strategic use of ambiguity by political entities; the role of social forgetting; the productive use of absences of evidence; a renewed effort at period history; and an appraisal of environmental explanations of historical change.
Study on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Thick Low-Alloy Quench and Tempered Steel Welded Joint
Authors: Debnath Subhrajit , Mukherjee Manidipto , Pal Tapan Kumar 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Low-alloy quench and tempered (Q&T) steel plates having yield strength of a minimum of 670 MPa are used extensively for the fabrication of impellers, penstocks, excavators, dumpers, and raw material handling devices, where welding is an important and probably most economic and productive process of joining. Thick low-alloy Q&T steel plates having a relatively high carbon equivalent (∼0.6) are frequently susceptible to a crack-sensitive microstructure leading to cold cracking. Thus, the welding parameters need to be carefully selected for these grades of steel to obtain the desired microstructure and properties. The present study deals with the characterization of microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of thick (38 mm) welded low-alloy quench and tempered steel plates (A 517 Grade F by ASTM) with the shielded metal arc welding process using a low hydrogen covered electrode (E 11018 M). The microstructural characterization was done for top (P1), middle (P2), and bottom (P3) regions of the weldment by optical microscope and transmission electron microscope to understand the microstructural features. The micrographs of the weld and coarse-grain heat-affected zone (CGHAZ) of the three regions mainly show variation in lath martensite and different morphologies of ferrite. Interestingly, the weld metal and CGHAZ in the middle (P2) region show coarse grains compared to the other two regions where grain size is more or less the same and finer. Furthermore, among the three regions, the P3 region, in general, has comparatively higher hardness and toughness. The high cycle fatigue test under two load ratios (i.e., R = 0.1 and −1) conducted only on specimens extracted from the P3 region, because of its better properties, shows better fatigue performance of weld joint under R = 0.1.
Effect of Combined Cold Temperature and Fatigue Load on Performance of G40.21 Steel
Authors: Hamdoon Muhsin , Das Sreekanta , Zamani Nader 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Many structures such as bridge decks and ship hulls are required to withstand fatigue load cycles throughout their service life. These structures are also required to withstand zero and subzero temperatures if located in northern and Arctic regions, where winter temperatures can drop down to −40°C. The combined effects of cold temperature and cyclic loads can lead to potential damage to the material performance and subsequent failure. In this study, CSA G40.21 350WT steel, which is typically used in ship building, was tested in strain-controlled fatigue load cycles to determine the effect of zero and subzero temperatures on the mechanical properties and fatigue life. The experimental results show a significant effect of temperature on the fatigue life of this steel. The tensile strength was not affected by low temperatures. The yield strength and fracture strength increased and the ductility decreased at low temperatures. This paper discusses the test procedure, test parameters, and test data obtained from this study.
Self-Presentation on the Web: Agencies Serving Abused and Assaulted Women
Authors: Sorenson Susan B. , Shi Rui , Zhang Jingwen , Xue Jia 
Published: February 2014

Objectives. We examined the content and usability of the Web sites of agencies serving women victims of violence. Methods. We entered the names of a systematic 10% sample of 3774 agencies listed in 2 national directories into a search engine. We took (in April 2012) and analyzed screenshots of the 261 resulting home pages and the readability of 193 home and first-level pages. Results. Victims (94%) and donors (68%) were the primary intended audiences. About one half used social media and one third provided cues to action. Almost all (96.4%) of the Web pages were rated “fairly difficult” to “very confusing” to read, and 81.4% required more than a ninth-grade education to understand. Conclusions. The service and marketing functions were met fairly well by the agency home pages, but usability (particularly readability and offer of a mobile version) and efforts to increase user safety could be improved. Internet technologies are an essential platform for public health. They are particularly useful for reaching people with stigmatized health conditions because of the anonymity allowed. The one third of agencies that lack a Web site will not reach the substantial portion of the population that uses the Internet to find health information and other resources.
Tooth Loss in Appalachia and the Mississippi Delta Relative to Other Regions in the United States, 1999–2010
Authors: Gorsuch Marina Mileo , Sanders Seth G. , Wu Bei 
Published: February 2014

Objectives. We examined regional variation in tooth loss in the United States from 1999 to 2010. Methods. We used 6 waves of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and data on county characteristics to describe regional trends in tooth loss and decompose diverging trends into the parts explained by individual and county components. Results. Appalachia and the Mississippi Delta had higher levels of tooth loss than the rest of the country in 1999. From 1999 to 2010, tooth loss declined in the United States. However, Appalachia did not converge toward the US average, and the Mississippi Delta worsened relative to the United States. Socioeconomic status explained the largest portion of differences between regions in 1999, but a smaller portion of the trends. The Mississippi Delta is aging more quickly than the rest of the country, which explains 17% of the disparity in the time trend. Conclusions. The disadvantage in tooth loss is persistent in Appalachia and growing in the Mississippi Delta. The increasing disparity is partly explained by changes in the age structure but is also associated with behavioral and environmental factors.
Recommendations for Third Molar Removal: A Practice-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Cunha-Cruz Joana , Rothen Marilynn , Spiekerman Charles , Drangsholt Mark , McClellan Lyle , Huang Greg J. ,   for the Northwest Practice-Based Research Collaborative in Evidence-Based Dentistry
Published: February 2014

Objectives. We investigated general dentists’ reasons for recommending removal or retention of third molars and whether patients adhered to dentists’ recommendations.Methods. In a 2-year prospective cohort study (2009–2011) in the Pacific Northwest, we followed 801 patients aged 16 to 22 years from 50 general dental practices. Generalized estimating equations logistic regressions related patient and dentist characteristics to dentists' recommendations to remove third molars and to patient adherence.Results. General dentists recommended removal of 1683 third molars from 469 (59%) participants, mainly to prevent future problems (79%) or because a third molar had an unfavorable orientation or was unlikely to erupt (57%). Dentists recommended retention and monitoring of 1244 third molars from 366 (46%) participants, because it was too early to decide (73%), eruption path was favorable (39%), or space for eruption was sufficient (26%). When dentists recommended removal, 55% of participants adhered to this recommendation during follow-up, and the main reason was availability of insurance (88%).Conclusions. General dentists frequently recommended removal of third molars for reasons not related to symptoms or pathology, but rather to prevent future problems.
Determinants of Care Seeking for Children With Pneumonia and Diarrhea in Guatemala: Implications for Intervention Strategies
Authors: Bruce Nigel , Pope Daniel , Arana Byron , Shiels Christopher , Romero Carolina , Klein Robert , Stanistreet Debbi 
Published: February 2014

Objectives. We identified barriers to care seeking for pneumonia and diarrhea among rural Guatemalan children. Methods. A population-based survey was conducted twice from 2008 to 2009 among 1605 households with children younger than 5 years. A 14-day calendar recorded episodes of carer-reported pneumonia (n = 364) and diarrhea (n = 481), and formal (health services, public, private) and informal (neighbors, traditional, local shops, pharmacies) care seeking. Results. Formal care was sought for nearly half of severe pneumonias but only for 27% within 2 days of onset, with 31% and 18%, respectively, for severe diarrhea. In multivariable analysis, factors independently associated with formal care seeking were knowing the Community Emergency Plan, mother’s perception of illness severity, recognition of World Health Organization danger signs, distance from the health center, and having someone to care for family in an emergency. Conclusions. Proximal factors associated with recognizing need for care were important in determining formal care, and were strongly linked to social determinants. In addition to specific action by the health system with an enhanced community health worker role, a systems approach can help ensure barriers are addressed among poorer and more remote homes.
The Association Between Food Prices and the Blood Glucose Level of US Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Anekwe Tobenna D. , Rahkovsky Ilya 
Published: February 2014

Objectives. We estimated the association between the price of healthy and less-healthy food groups and blood sugar among US adults with type 2 diabetes. Methods. We linked 1999–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey health information to food prices contained in the Quarterly Food-at-Home Price Database. We regressed blood sugar levels on food prices from the previous calendar quarter, controlling for market region and a range of other covariates. We also examined whether the association between food prices and blood sugar varies among different income groups. Results. The prices of produce and low-fat dairy foods were associated with blood sugar levels of people with type 2 diabetes. Specifically, higher prices for produce and low-fat dairy foods were associated with higher levels of glycated hemoglobin and fasting plasma glucose 3 months later. Food prices had a greater association with blood sugar for low-income people than for higher-income people, and in the expected direction. Conclusions. Higher prices of healthy foods were associated with increased blood sugar among people with type 2 diabetes. The association was especially pronounced among low-income people with type 2 diabetes.
Nuclear Arms Control, Nonproliferation, and Counterterrorism: Impacts on Public Health
Authors: Dreicer Mona , Pregenzer Arian 
Published: February 2014

Reducing the risks of nuclear war, limiting the spread of nuclear weapons, and reducing global nuclear weapons stockpiles are key national and international security goals. They are pursued through a variety of international arms control, nonproliferation, and counterterrorism treaties and agreements. These legally binding and political commitments, together with the institutional infrastructure that supports them, work to establish global norms of behavior and have limited the spread of weapons of mass destruction. Beyond the primary security objectives, reducing the likelihood of the use of nuclear weapons, preventing environmental releases of radioactive material, increasing the availability of safe and secure nuclear technology for peaceful purposes, and providing scientific data relevant to predicting and managing the consequences of natural or human-caused disasters worldwide provide significant benefits to global public health.
Social Branding to Decrease Smoking Among Young Adults in Bars
Authors: Ling Pamela M. , Lee Youn Ok , Hong Juliette , Neilands Torsten B. , Jordan Jeffrey W. , Glantz Stanton A. 
Published: February 2014

Objectives. We evaluated a Social Branding antitobacco intervention for “hipster” young adults that was implemented between 2008 and 2011 in San Diego, California. Methods. We conducted repeated cross-sectional surveys of random samples of young adults going to bars at baseline and over a 3-year follow-up. We used multinomial logistic regression to evaluate changes in daily smoking, nondaily smoking, and binge drinking, controlling for demographic characteristics, alcohol use, advertising receptivity, trend sensitivity, and tobacco-related attitudes. Results. During the intervention, current (past 30 day) smoking decreased from 57% (baseline) to 48% (at follow-up 3; P = .002), and daily smoking decreased from 22% to 15% (P < .001). There were significant interactions between hipster affiliation and alcohol use on smoking. Among hipster binge drinkers, the odds of daily smoking (odds ratio [OR] = 0.44; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.30, 0.63) and nondaily smoking (OR = 0.57; 95% CI = 0.42, 0.77) decreased significantly at follow-up 3. Binge drinking also decreased significantly at follow-up 3 (OR = 0.64; 95% CI = 0.53, 0.78). Conclusions. Social Branding campaigns are a promising strategy to decrease smoking in young adult bar patrons.
Community Violence Perpetration and Victimization Among Adults With Mental Illnesses
Authors: Desmarais Sarah L. , Van Dorn Richard A. , Johnson Kiersten L. , Grimm Kevin J. , Douglas Kevin S. , Swartz Marvin S. 
Published: February 2014

Objectives. In a large heterogeneous sample of adults with mental illnesses, we examined the 6-month prevalence and nature of community violence perpetration and victimization, as well as associations between these outcomes. Methods. Baseline data were pooled from 5 studies of adults with mental illnesses from across the United States (n = 4480); the studies took place from 1992 to 2007. The MacArthur Community Violence Screening Instrument was administered to all participants. Results. Prevalence of perpetration ranged from 11.0% to 43.4% across studies, with approximately one quarter (23.9%) of participants reporting violence. Prevalence of victimization was higher overall (30.9%), ranging from 17.0% to 56.6% across studies. Most violence (63.5%) was perpetrated in residential settings. The prevalence of violence-related physical injury was approximately 1 in 10 overall and 1 in 3 for those involved in violent incidents. There were strong associations between perpetration and victimization. Conclusions. Results provided further evidence that adults with mental illnesses experienced violent outcomes at high rates, and that they were more likely to be victims than perpetrators of community violence. There is a critical need for public health interventions designed to reduce violence in this vulnerable population.