bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reprocessable Polymer Networks Containing Sulfur‐Based, Percolated Dynamic Covalent Cross‐Links and Percolated or Non‐Percolated, Static Cross‐Links
Authors: Fenimore Logan M. , Bin Rusayyis Mohammed A. , Onsager Claire C. , Grayson Matthew A. , Torkelson John M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOne method to improve the properties of covalent adaptable networks (CANs) is to reinforce them with a fraction of permanent cross‐links without sacrificing their (re)processability. Here, a simple method to synthesize poly(n‐hexyl methacrylate) (PHMA) and poly(n‐lauryl methacrylate) (PLMA) networks containing static dialkyl disulfide cross‐links (utilizing bis(2‐methacryloyl)oxyethyl disulfide, or DSDMA, as a permanent cross‐linker) and dynamic dialkylamino sulfur‐sulfur cross‐links (utilizing BiTEMPS methacrylate as a dissociative dynamic covalent cross‐linker) is presented. The robustness and (re)processability of the CANs are demonstrated, including the full recovery of cross‐link density after recycling. The authors also investigate the effect of static cross‐link content on the stress relaxation responses of the CANs with and without percolated, static cross‐links. As PHMA and PLMA have very different activation energies of their respective cooperative segmental mobilities, it is shown that the dissociative CANs without percolated, static cross‐links have activation energies of stress relaxation that are dominated by the dissociation of BiTEMPS methacrylate cross‐links rather than by the cooperative relaxations of backbone segments, i.e., the alpha relaxation. In CANs with percolated, static cross‐links, the segmental relaxation of side chains, i.e., the beta relaxation, is critical in allowing for large‐scale stress relaxation and governs their activation energies of stress relaxation.
Energy-Saving Theory, Technology, and Double Carbon Target
Authors: Yao Fulai , Yao Yaming 
Published: July 2024

AbstractExcessive carbon emissions lead to global warming and threaten human survival. On November 13, 2021, at the United Nations Climate Change Conference, all parties completed the implementation details of the Paris Agreement. The agreement is signed by 178 parties around the world. The long-term goal is to limit the increase in global average temperature to less than 2 degrees Celsius compared with the pre-industrial period, and strive to limit the increase in temperature to less than 1.5 degrees Celsius. So far, the “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality” (“double carbon”) strategy with the goal of reducing carbon dioxide emissions has become the consensus of all mankind.
Efficiency Optimization of Scraper Conveyors and Paper Machines
Authors: Yao Fulai , Yao Yaming 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMultiple motors are used to drive long scraper conveyors or the wire section of paper machines, mainly to make long chains and long belts evenly stressed. This type of system does not have the problem of optimal switching of the number of drive motors. However, the system has the problem of how to distribute the load so that the system operates efficiently.
Speed Regulation Method in Energy Saving System
Authors: Yao Fulai , Yao Yaming 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn the energy-saving control system, in many occasions, it is necessary to use the method of speed regulation to distribute the load of the equipment and to start and stop the equipment. These speed regulation methods are both mechanical and electrical. Due to the rapid development of high-voltage and high-current electronic devices, the application of frequency converter speed regulation of AC motors is becoming more and more common.
Vascular galectins in tumor angiogenesis and cancer immunity
Authors: Thijssen Victor L. J. L. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSustained tumor angiogenesis, i.e., the induction and maintenance of blood vessel growth by tumor cells, is one of the hallmarks of cancer. The vascularization of malignant tissues not only facilitates tumor growth and metastasis, but also contributes to immune evasion. Important players in all these processes are the endothelial cells which line the luminal side of blood vessel. In the tumor vasculature, these cells are actively involved in angiogenesis as well in the hampered recruitment of immune cells. This is the result of the abnormal tumor microenvironment which triggers both angiostimulatory and immune inhibitory gene expression profiles in endothelial cells. In recent years, it has become evident that galectins constitute a protein family that is expressed in the tumor endothelium. Moreover, several members of this glycan-binding protein family have been found to facilitate tumor angiogenesis and stimulate immune suppression. All this has identified galectins as potential therapeutic targets to simultaneously hamper tumor angiogenesis and alleviate immune suppression. The current review provides a brief introduction in the human galectin protein family. The current knowledge regarding the expression and regulation of galectins in endothelial cells is summarized. Furthermore, an overview of the role that endothelial galectins play in tumor angiogenesis and tumor immunomodulation is provided. Finally, some outstanding questions are discussed that should be addressed by future research efforts. This will help to fully understand the contribution of endothelial galectins to tumor progression and to exploit endothelial galectins for cancer therapy.
Do ceiling fans in rooms help to reduce or disperse the transmission of breathing aerosols?
Authors: Nazari Ata , Anvari Alireza , Chakheirlou Saeed Hazrati , Afnan Mohammadreza Abdoli 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe main focus of this study is the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through virus-laden aerosols in enclosed spaces that utilize ceiling fans. The impact of an air circulation of ceiling fans on virus transmission is not clear. Computational modeling is employed to investigate aerosol transmission within an enclosed space that features ceiling fans. The aerosol concentration is modeled using a transport equation, and the probability of infection distribution across individuals’ breathing zones is assessed. The particle removal efficiency for two ceiling fan speeds of 10 and 35 rad/s is calculated to evaluate the effect of the ceiling fan’s shear flows on the spread of breathing aerosols. The simulated breathing aerosol considers various environmental situations, including thermal gradients, thermally active surface interaction, and deformability. The results indicate that increasing the ceiling fan speed within an enclosed space causes the aerosol cloud to circulate within the room rather than exiting it. Therefore, ceiling fans may not effectively suppress breathing aerosols and could increase transmissibility. Understanding aerosol behavior is essential in reducing the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in enclosed spaces.
Molecular detection of sub-microscopic infections and Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein-2 and 3 gene deletions in pre-elimination settings of South Africa
Authors: Oyegoke Olukunle O. , Akoniyon Olusegun P. , Maharaj Leah , Adewumi Taiye S. , Malgwi Samson A. , Aderoju Samuel A. , Fatoba Abiodun J. , Adeleke Matthew A. , Maharaj Rajendra , Okpeku Moses 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSouth Africa’s efforts toward eliminating malaria have positioned the country in the pre-elimination stage. Imported and sub-microscopic cases still contribute to the persistence of malaria in regions of low transmission as identified in this study where diagnostics is built largely on the use of Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT). However, the presence of Pfhrp2/3 gene deletion is known to interfere with the accuracy of diagnosis with the use of RDT. Malaria elimination and detection of Pfhrp2/3 gene deletion in the pre-elimination setting requires accurate molecular surveillance. With the core objective of this study being the determination of the presence sub-microscopic malaria cases and deleted Pfhrp2/3 gene markers, a total of 354 samples were collected from five districts of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa. These samples were prepared for molecular analysis using primers and PCR conditions specific for amplification of 18S rRNA and msp-1gene. Positive amplicons were analysed for the presence of Pfhrp2/3 and flanking genes, along with Sanger sequencing and phylogenetic studies. Out of 354 samples collected 339 were tested negative with PfHRP2 based RDTs. Of these Pfhrp2 and Pfhrp3 gene deletions were confirmed in 94.7% (18/19) and 100% (19/19) respectively. High migration rate (75%) among the study participants was noted and phylogenetic analysis of sequenced isolates showed close evolutionary relatedness with India, United Kingdom, Iran, and Myanmar and China isolates. Molecular-based test is recommended as an essential surveillance tool for malaria management programs as the target focuses on elimination.
Understanding global perspectives for the acceptance of community sanitation welfare schemes through a localised qualitative survey in Kho Nagorian, Jaipur, India
Authors: Gupta Vinayak , Gonzales Hazel B. , Hungwe Douglas , Kanokwan Yamsomphong , Takahashi Fumitake 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCommunity sanitation is a fundamental human right and need. Every year, as per the World Bank, total cost of providing sanitation services is estimated at around 114 billion USD per year. In India, Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (SBA), a public welfare scheme (PWS), is aimed at addressing community sanitation problems. Despite the successful implementation of SBA, local communities still practise open defaecation. To deduce the behavioural patterns governing communal toilet use, interviews were conducted with the local communities in the Kho Nagorian area of Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. This qualitative survey examined attitudes towards the construction of a toilet, awareness towards the SBA scheme, and the willingness to use excreta-based pit humus. The study then discusses the factors that increase the local community’s willingness to use these toilets. Results show that open defaecation is still prevalent in society. One way to foster the adoption of toilets is that the construction materials should mainly consist of local materials. As a recourse, places of worship could be used to influence people’s perception of hygiene. In addition, community toilets should be cleaned often as well. PWS should not be made accessible at no cost to prevent a sense of entitlement among the people. A small sum should be charged to increase social responsibility towards the PWS. Another way to curb open defaecation is to tap into the sense of entitlement by making effective use of social campaign programs. Further, cross-table analysis revealed that the locals were inclined to use a toilet if they have invested in it. Advertisements were found to be ineffective, and proposals were made to make them effective. These findings aid in understanding public perceptions and can guide the development of public policies. The findings also assist in making tax distribution decisions that reflect public concerns, attitudes, and values.
Relevance of instrumented gait analysis in the prediction of the rebound phenomenon after guided growth intervention
Authors: Stief Felix , Holder Jana , Braun Sebastian , Brenneis Marco , van Drongelen Stefan , Byrnes S. Kimberly , Layher Frank , Dussa Chakravarthy U. , Meurer Andrea , Böhm Harald 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPredictors of rebound after correction of coronal plane deformities using temporary hemiepiphysiodesis (TH) are not well defined. The following research questions were tested: (1) Is the dynamic knee joint load useful to improve rebound prediction accuracy? (2) Does a large initial deformity play a critical role in rebound development? (3) Are BMI and a young age risk factors for rebound? Fifty children and adolescents with idiopathic knee valgus malalignment were included. A deviation of the mechanical femorotibial angle (MFA) of ≥ 3° into valgus between explantation and the one-year follow-up period was chosen to classify a rebound. A rebound was detected in 22 of the 50 patients (44%). Two predictors of rebound were identified: 1. reduced peak lateral knee joint contact force in the first half of the stance phase at the time of explantation (72.7% prediction); 2. minor initial deformity according to the MFA (70.5% prediction). The best prediction (75%) was obtained by including both parameters in the binary logistic regression method. A TH should not be advised in patients with a minor initial deformity of the leg axis. Dynamic knee joint loading using gait analysis and musculoskeletal modeling can be used to determine the optimum time to remove the plates.
Modified ventriculoperitoneal shunt applied to temporary external ventricular drainage
Authors: Lin Zhixiong , Chen Jintao , Lin Weili , Liu Bei , Weng Chaoqun , Yang Yongzhao , Liu Congai , Zhang Rongbiao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractExternal ventricular drainage (EVD) is a common procedure in neurosurgical practice. Presently, the three methods used most often include direct EVD (dEVD), long-tunneled external ventricular drains (LTEVDs), and EVD via the Ommaya reservoir (EVDvOR). But they possess drawbacks such as limited duration of retention, vulnerability to iatrogenic secondary infections, and challenges in regulating drainage flow. This study aimed to explore the use of a modified ventriculoperitoneal shunt (mVPS)—the abdominal end of the VPS device was placed externally—as a means of temporary EVD to address the aforementioned limitations. This retrospective cohort study, included 120 cases requiring EVD. dEVD was performed for 31 cases, EVDvOR for 54 cases (including 8 cases with previously performed dEVD), and mVPS for 35 cases (including 6 cases with previously performed EVDvOR). The one-time success rate (no need for further other EVD intervention) for dEVD, EVDvOR, and mVPS were 70.97%, 88.89%, and 91.42%, dEVD vs EVDvOR (P < 0.05), dEVD vs mVPS (P < 0.05), EVDvOR vs mVPS (P > 0.05). Puncture needle displacement or detachment was observed in nearly all cases of EVDvOR, while no such complications have been observed with mVPS. Apart from this complication, the incidence of postoperative complications was 35.48%, 14.81%, and 8.5%, dEVD vs EVDvOR (P < 0.05), dEVD vs mVPS (P < 0.05), EVDvOR vs mVPS (P > 0.05). Mean postoperative retention for EVD was 14.68 ± 9.50 days, 25.96 ± 15.14 days, and 82.43 ± 64.45 days, respectively (P < 0.001). In conclusion, mVPS significantly extends the duration of EVD, which is particularly beneficial for patients requiring long-term EVD.
Triglyceride-glucose index is associated with the risk of impaired fasting glucose in Chinese elderly individuals
Authors: Liu Jie , Yi Feng , Duan Kai , Liu Haibo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe association between the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in elderly individuals remains uncertain. Our study aimed to explore the association between the TyG index and the risk of future IFG in this population. This retrospective cohort study included 17,746 elderly individuals over 60. In this population, Cox regression models proportional to hazards, along with smooth curve fitting and cubic spline functions, were employed to examine the association between the baseline TyG index and the risk of IFG. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity were also performed to ensure the robustness of the study findings. After adjusting for covariates, a positive association between the TyG index and the risk of IFG was found (HR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.27–1.60, P < 0.0001). The likelihood of IFG rose steadily as the TyG index quartiles (from Q1 to Q4) increased, with Q4 demonstrating a 62% elevated risk compared to Q1 (adjusted HR = 1.62, 95% CI 1.37–1.90). Additionally, we found the association between TyG index and risk of IFG was a linear. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses confirmed the stability of the results. Our study observed a linear association between the TyG index and the development of IFG in elderly Chinese individuals. Recognizing this association can help clinicians identify high-risk individuals and implement targeted interventions to reduce their risk of progressing to diabetes.
From star field affiliation to sundial theory: spatial expression in Qing dynasty Taiwan gazetteers
Authors: Liu Yao , Feng Wenwen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractStar field affiliation is an important part of ancient Chinese gazetteers. The gazetteers of Taiwan in the Qing Dynasty presented many ‘different opinions’ about the star field affiliation of Taiwan. These different opinions illustrate the difficulty of self-consistency in traditional Chinese star field affiliation theory and reflect the influence of the concept of grand unification on traditional Chinese geographical knowledge. During the Qianlong period, with the introduction of Western surveying and mapping knowledge, the sundial began to replace star field affiliation and became a new geographical positioning theory. Taiwan, whose geographical positioning also completed the transformation from the star field affiliation to sundial theory at the end of the Qing Dynasty, witnessed the replacement of traditional Chinese place knowledge with cosmopolitan knowledge. Looking back at the writings regarding the star field affiliation in Taiwan gazetteers in the Qing Dynasty, there was both debate and consensus.
“We are completely stunned”
Authors: Díaz-Muñoz Patricia , Maíz-Arévalo Carmen 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The relationship between service providers and guests has changed due to online platforms like Airbnb, which allow
for a more direct contact between them. Although most responses to guests’ reviews tend to be positive and even include relational
work strategies (Bridges and Vásquez 2018; Hernández-López 2019), verbal aggression is also performed (Hopkinson
2018). This study aims to focus on explicit and implicit aggressive responses to negative reviews on Airbnb in English and
Spanish, with special attention to corrective facework strategies to repair the hosts’ face loss (Guerrero et al. 2014; Maíz-Arévalo 2019). Thus, 200 responses
to negative reviews were gathered and analysed qualitatively, considering the strategies intended to mitigate potential face
threat and to revert the situation. It was found that most of the hosts’ responses in the Spanish dataset aimed at repairing their
own face within the community, while their English counterparts acknowledged negative reviews and apologised more often.
Tides of Change: The Story of Lakshadweep Tourism
Authors: Choudhary Aditi , Gopalkrishna Mahima 
Published: July 2024

Summary
Lakshadweep, an attractive archipelago in the Arabian Sea, is increasingly noted as a promising tourist destination with its pristine beaches, diverse marine life, and rich cultural heritage. Over the past five decades, the islands have witnessed significant progress in institutionalising tourism, driven by policy reforms and strategic planning initiatives. The initial serendipitous tourism developmental encounters have steered Lakshadweep towards adopting tourism as a stimulant for its development. However, as tourism continues to expand on the islands, it is crucial to prioritise the local community’s well-being and the region’s ecological integrity. While the local community aspires to be the custodian of the destination’s natural and cultural assets, the emphasis is now on the administration to change its centralised orientation and facilitate sustainable development based on a collaborative model. Looking ahead, the future of tourism in Lakshadweep hinges on adopting a destination stewardship model that fosters stakeholder collaboration and ensures tourism development aligns with the islands’ cherished traditions and values.

Information
© The Authors 2024
The Early On-treatment Stiffness Decline Attributed to the Improved Hepatic Inflammation in Fibrotic Chronic Hepatitis B
Authors: Li Mingwei , Yao Mingjie , Wang Leijie , Liu Yanna , Ji Dong , Yang Yongping , Lu Fengmin 
Published: July 2024

Objectives:
Hepatic inflammation, the driver of fibrosis progression in liver disease, can impact the accuracy of liver stiffness measurement (LSM). We wondered whether the decline in LSM value during the early antiviral phase was mainly attributed to the control of hepatic inflammation or the regression of fibrosis in patients with fibrotic/cirrhotic chronic hepatitis B (CHB).

Patients and Methods:
The study cohort was composed of 82 patients with CHB who underwent antiviral and antifibrotic therapy at the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital. All patients had liver biopsies at both baseline and 72 weeks posttherapy. Liver pathology and clinical data, including the LSM value, were collected.

Results:
After 72 weeks of treatment, both the histologic activity index score and fibrosis score, as well as the LSM value, were significantly decreased (P < 0.001), compared with their baseline values. The pretreatment correlation of LSM value with either histologic activity index score (r = 0.526 vs r = 0.286) or fibrosis score (r = 0.677 vs r = 0.587) was attenuated at 72 weeks. Notably, logistic regression analysis revealed that the improvement in inflammation (odds ratio = 1.018, 95% CI: 1.002-1.031, P = 0.023) but not fibrosis (odds ratio = 0.994, 95% CI: 0.980-1.009, P = 0.414), had an impact on the change in LSM values between baseline and at 72-week treatment.

Conclusions:
The findings of this study suggest that in patients with fibrotic CHB receiving antiviral medication, the early phase reduction in LSM value was related to improved hepatic inflammation rather than fibrosis regression.
Analysis of India’s Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023
Authors: Naithani Paarth 
Published: July 2024

Purpose
Data protection is a significant area of law in a country like India, which is digitalising at a fast rate. Recently, India passed comprehensive data protection legislation after discussing several draft data protection frameworks. This paper aims to analyse the provisions of India’s first comprehensive data protection legislation, the Digital Personal Data Protection Act (DPDPA), 2023.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper aims to analyse how the DPDPA’s provisions should be interpreted. The methodology involves studying the act’s provisions, identifying shortcomings and suggesting ways of addressing the shortcomings through legal interpretation. The paper interprets DPDPA provisions through a comparative analysis with the proposed American Privacy Rights Act 2024 and EU General Data Protection Regulation. The methodology can be broadly classified as doctrinal and comparative legal research.

Findings
The paper makes several recommendations for interpreting the provisions of the DPDPA, which are discussed throughout the paper and summarised in the way forward section.

Research limitations/implications
The analysis of this paper is limited to present-day data protection concerns. In the future, research can assess how the DPDPA can be interpreted to solve the challenges presented by societal and technological progress.

Originality/value
The originality and contribution of the paper are analysis and interpretation of the provisions of the DPDPA that will provide data principals with strong control over personal data and ensure stringent data protection obligations on data fiduciaries.