bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On some aspects of the impact of GPSRO observations in global numerical weather prediction
Authors: Bonavita Massimo 
Published: December 2013

The impact of Radio Occultation observations from Global Positioning System satellites (GPSRO) on global Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) has been analysed with a recent version of the European Centre for Medium‐range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) Integrated Forecasting System. As in previous studies, the use of GPSRO was found to improve the NWP forecast skill and to drastically decrease model‐induced temperature biases in the analysis. The maximum forecast impact is in the lower and middle stratosphere, where the GPSRO observations have the smallest errors, but it is also visible in the troposphere. The tropospheric impact of GPSRO comes in part from direct tropospheric measurements and in part from stratosphere–troposphere interactions: this second mechanism is found to be particularly important during the Northern Hemisphere winter.The forecast impact of GPSRO observations is compared with that of conventional and hyperspectral satellite nadir sounders. It is found that although GPSRO data have a smaller impact than those of either class of nadir sounders, they are still able to account for a considerable fraction (30–70%) of the global forecast error reduction afforded by the use of the full observing system over a system that uses only conventional observations. When forecast verification is performed against radiosonde observations, GPSRO is found to be the most valuable satellite observing system in the lower stratosphere. This is remarkable in view of the relative sparseness of the GPSRO spatial and temporal coverage and an indication of the potential improvements that a denser GPSRO observing network would be able to provide. The forecast impact of GPSRO observations is also evaluated in the context of a data denial assimilation experiment with respect to the full observing system. Results are found to be consistent with those from the reduced baseline observational network and also indicate a statistically significant positive impact on tropospheric synoptic skill scores.
On computing the stabilizing solution of a class of discrete‐time periodic Riccati equations
Authors: Dragan Vasile , Aberkane Samir , Ivanov Ivan G. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryThis paper addresses the problem of solving a class of periodic discrete‐time Riccati equation with an indefinite sign of its quadratic term. Such an equation is closely related to the so‐called full‐information H ∞  control of discrete‐time periodic systems. A globally convergent iterative algorithm with a local quadratic convergence rate is proposed for this purpose. An application to the problem of H ∞  filtering of discrete‐time periodic systems is also developed and illustrated via a numerical example. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Refinement-based verification of implementations of Stateflow charts
Authors: Miyazawa Alvaro , Cavalcanti Ana 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Simulink’s Stateflow is a graphical notation widely adopted in industry. Since it is frequently used to model safety-critical systems, correctness of implementations of Stateflow charts is a major concern. In previous work, we have shown how we can generate formal models for refinement of Stateflow charts automatically. Here, we define a refinement strategy that supports the automated verification of implementations with respect to these models. We consider the verification of implementations that follow architectural patterns used in the Stateflow code generator. We present a detailed procedure for application of refinement laws. If the implementation is correct, the procedure succeeds. If a law application fails, the implementation is either incorrect or does not use the expected architectural pattern. The very low proof burden associated with the refinement verification makes a high level of automation possible.
Identifying Emergent Social Networks at a Federally Qualified Health Center‐Based Farmers’ Market
Authors: Alia Kassandra A. , Freedman Darcy A. , Brandt Heather M. , Browne Teri 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIdentifying potential mechanisms connecting farmers’ market interventions with health, economic, and community outcomes could inform strategies for addressing health disparities. The present study used social network theory to guide the in‐depth examination of naturally occurring social interactions at a farmers’ market located at a federally qualified health center located in a rural, low‐income community. Trained observers recorded 61 observation logs at the market over 18 weeks. Thematic analysis revealed a range of actors and nonhuman facilitators instrumental to the farmers’ market context. These actors connected with one another for communication and relationship development, economic and financial exchange, education, resource sharing, community ownership of the farmers’ market, and conflict resolution. These interactions provided opportunities for social networks to develop among attendees, which may have facilitated the acquisition of social supports related to improved health, economic and community outcomes. Results provide insight into the role social networks may play in mediating the relationship between a farmers’ market intervention and individual benefits. Findings also contribute to defining the typology of social networks, which may further disentangle the complex relationships between social networks and health outcomes. Future research should identify strategies for purposefully targeting social networks as a way to reduce diet‐related health disparities.
Phase 1 study of efatutazone, a novel oral peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist, in combination with FOLFIRI as second-line therapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Komatsu Yoshito , Yoshino Takayuki , Yamazaki Kentaro , Yuki Satoshi , Machida Nozomu , Sasaki Takahide , Hyodo Ichinosuke , Yachi Yutaka , Onuma Hiroshi , Ohtsu Atsushi 
Published: December 2013

SummaryBackground Efatutazone, a novel oral highly-selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist, has demonstrated some inhibitory effects on disease stabilization in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) enrolled in previous phase I studies. Here, we evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetics of efatutazone combined with FOLFIRI (5-fluorouracil, levo-leucovorin, and irinotecan) as second-line chemotherapy in Japanese patients with mCRC. Methods Dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) were evaluated at 2 efatutazone dose levels of 0.25 and 0.50 mg (the recommended dose [RD] of efatutazone monotherapy) twice daily in combination with FOLFIRI in a 3–9 patient cohort. Furthermore, tolerability at the RD level was assessed in additional patients, up to 12 in total. Blood samples for pharmacokinetics and biomarkers and tumor samples for archival tissues were collected from all patients. Results Fifteen patients (0.25 mg, 3; 0.5 mg, 12) were enrolled. No DLTs were observed. Most patients experienced weight increase (100 %) and edema (80.0 %), which were manageable with diuretics. Common grade 3/4 toxicities were neutropenia (93.3 %), leukopenia (46.7 %), and anemia (33.3 %). Stable disease was observed in 8 of the 14 patients evaluable for tumor response. The plasma adiponectin levels increased over time and increased dose. No clear relationship was detected between treatment efficacies and plasma levels of adiponectin as well as the expression levels of PPARγ and the retinoid X receptor in tumor tissues. Conclusions Efatutazone combined with FOLFIRI demonstrates an acceptable safety profile and evidence of disease stabilization in Japanese patients with mCRC. The RD for efatutazone monotherapy can be used in combination with FOLFIRI.
Aversion to Happiness Across Cultures: A Review of Where and Why People are Averse to Happiness
Authors: Joshanloo Mohsen , Weijers Dan 
Published: December 2013

AbstractA common view in contemporary Western culture is that personal happiness is one of the most important values in life. For example, in American culture it is believed that failing to appear happy is cause for concern. These cultural notions are also echoed in contemporary Western psychology (including positive psychology and much of the research on subjective well-being). However, some important (often culturally-based) facts about happiness have tended to be overlooked in the psychological research on the topic. One of these cultural phenomena is that, for some individuals, happiness is not a supreme value. In fact, some individuals across cultures are averse to various kinds of happiness for several different reasons. This article presents the first review of the concept of aversion to happiness. Implications of the outcomes are discussed, as are directions for further research.
Periodicity of leaf growth and leaf dry mass changes in the evergreen and deciduous species of Southern Assam, India
Authors: Athokpam Florida Devi , Garkoti S. C. , Borah N. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe study described patterns of leaf dry mass change, leaf mass per area (LMA), relative growth rate and leaf life span (LL) for 14 evergreen and 7 deciduous species of a tropical forest of Southern Assam, India. Leaf expansion in both the groups was, in general, completed before June (i.e. well before the onset of monsoon rains). Although leaf dry mass during leaf initiation phase was significantly higher (P < 0.01) in evergreen species than in deciduous species, at the time of full leaf expansion, average leaf dry mass relative to the peak leaf dry mass, realised by the evergreen species was lower (66 %) than for deciduous species (76 %). Leaf dry mass increase in both groups continued after leaf full expansion. Evergreen species had a longer leaf dry mass steady phase than deciduous species (2–6 vs 2–3 months). Average LMA of mature leaves for evergreen species (77.43 g m−2) was significantly greater than that of deciduous species (48.43 g m−2). LL ranged from 165 days in Gmelina arborea (deciduous) to 509 days in Dipterocarpus turbinatus (evergreen). LMA was correlated positively with LL, indicating that evergreen species with higher leaf construction cost retain leaves for longer period to pay back. The average leaf dry mass loss before leaf shedding was greater (P < 0.01) for deciduous species (30.29 %) than for evergreen species (18.31 %). Although the cost of leaf construction in deciduous species was lower than for evergreen species, they replace leaves at a faster rate. Deciduous species perhaps compensate the cost involved in faster leaf replacement through higher reabsorption of dry mass during senescence, which they remobilise to initiate growth in the following spring when soil resources remain limiting.
A clinical review of maternal bacteremia
Authors: O'Higgins Amy C. , Egan Aileen F. , Murphy Olivia C. , Fitzpatrick Christopher , Sheehan Sharon R. , Turner Michael J. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo carry out a 4‐year review of cases of bacteremia among obstetric patients.MethodsIn a retrospective review, all cases of maternal bacteremia between 2009 and 2012 were identified from the laboratory database of Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. The clinical records of each case were assessed.ResultsDuring the study period, 37 584 obstetric patients attended the hospital. There were 58 cases of bacteremia: 19 were diagnosed prepartum, 20 intrapartum, and 19 postpartum. There were no maternal deaths. Two cases resulted in septic shock. Four cases were associated with early pregnancy loss, and 2 with stillbirth. Fifty‐four cases occurred among 34 956 women who delivered a neonate weighing 500 g or more (0.15%). Escherichia coli most frequently caused prepartum and postpartum bacteremia, whereas Streptococcus agalactiae (β‐hemolytic, Lancefield group B) most frequently caused intrapartum bacteremia. There was no association between the development of bacteremia and maternal risk factors including employment status, obesity, parity, smoking status, and maternal age. Most organisms cultured were sensitive to first‐line antibiotics; there were no cases of bacteremia caused by multi‐drug resistant organisms.ConclusionThe incidence of maternal bacteremia in the study population was low and was usually associated with good maternal and fetal outcomes.
A 5‐year follow‐up study comparing Burch colposuspension and transobturator tape for the surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Asıcıoglu Osman , Gungorduk Kemal , Besımoglu Berhan , Ertas Ibrahim E. , Yıldırım Gokhan , Celebı Ibrahim , Ark Cemal , Boran Birtan 
Published: December 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the effectiveness of transobturator tape (TOT) and Burch colposuspension in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI).MethodsThe present retrospective study included 770 patients who underwent SUI surgery with Burch colposuspension (n = 498) or TOT (n = 272). Clinical follow‐up occurred at 2 weeks, 3, 6, and 12 months, and annually thereafter. Objective and subjective cure rates and intra‐ and postoperative complications were assessed.ResultsAmong patients who had SUI surgery without another concomitant procedure, the Burch group had a significantly longer mean operation time (41.48 ± 10.61 minutes versus 23.77 ± 10.49 minutes; P < 0.001) and a significantly longer length of hospital stay (3.11 ± 0.49 days versus 1.98 ± 0.40 days; P < 0.001), compared with the TOT group. The rates of unintended functional outcomes were lower among women undergoing TOT than among those undergoing the Burch procedure (long‐term voiding dysfunction 0.7% versus 4.2%, P = 0.007; urinary retention 10.7% versus 26.9%, P < 0.001). The 5‐year cure rates were similar in the 2 groups (objective cure rate, 73.9% versus 77.5%, P = 0.574; subjective cure rate, 76.8% versus 81.7%, P = 0.416).ConclusionIn terms of efficacy, TOT appears equal to Burch colposuspension; however, TOT has fewer unintended functional outcomes than Burch colposuspension.
Glacial and periglacial buzzsaws: fitting mechanisms to metaphors
Authors: Hall Adrian M. , Kleman Johan 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe buzzsaw hypothesis refers to the potential for glacial and periglacial processes to rapidly denude mountains at and above glacier Equilibrium Line Altitudes (ELAs), irrespective of uplift rates, rock type or pre-existing topography. Here the appropriateness of the buzzsaw metaphor is examined alongside questions of the links between glacial erosion and ELAs, and whether the glacial system can produce low-relief surfaces or limit summit heights. Plateau fragments in mountains on both active orogens and passive margins that have been cited as products of glacial and periglacial buzzsaw erosion instead generally represent dissected remnants of largely inherited, pre-glacial relief. Summit heights may correlate with ELAs but no causal link need be implied as summit erosion rates are low, cirque headwalls may not directly abut summits and on passive margins, cirques are cut into pre-existing mountain topography. Any simple links between ELAs and glacial erosion break down on passive margins due to topographic forcing of ice-sheet growth, and to the km-scale vertical swaths through which ELAs have shifted through the Quaternary. Glaciers destroy rather than create low-relief rock surfaces through the innate tendency for ice flow to be faster, thicker and warmer along valleys. The glacial buzzsaw cuts down.
Assessing soil erosion and control factors by radiometric technique in the source region of the Yellow River, Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wang Yibo , Niu Fujun , Wu Qingbai , Gao Zeyong 
Published: December 2013

AbstractMeasurements of 137Cs concentration in soils were made in a representative catchment to quantify erosion rates and identify the main factors involved in the erosion in the source region of the Yellow River in the Tibetan Plateau. In order to estimate erosion rates in terms of the main factors affecting soil loss, samples were collected taking into account the slope and vegetation cover along six selected transects within the Dari County catchment. The reference inventory for the area was established at a stable, well-preserved, site of small thickness (value of 2324 Bq·m− 2). All the sampling sites had been eroded and 137Cs inventories varied widely in the topsoil (14.87–25.56 Bq·kg− 1). The effective soil loss values were also highly variable (11.03–28.35 t·km− 1·yr− 1) in line with the vegetation cover change. The radiometric approach was useful in quantifying soil erosion rates and examining patterns of soil movement.
On the contact region of a diffusion-limited evaporating drop: a local analysis
Authors: Morris S. J. S. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractMotivated by experiments showing that a sessile drop of volatile perfectly wetting liquid initially advances over the substrate, but then reverses, we formulate the problem describing the contact region at reversal. Assuming a separation of scales, so that the radial extent of this region is small compared with the instantaneous radius$a$of the apparent contact line, we show that the time scale characterizing the contact region is small compared with that on which the bulk drop is evolving. As a result, the contact region is governed by a boundary-value problem, rather than an initial-value problem: the contact region has no memory, and all its properties are determined by conditions at the instant of reversal. We conclude that the apparent contact angle$\theta $is a function of the instantaneous drop radius$a$, as found in the experiments. We then non-dimensionalize the boundary-value problem, and find that its solution depends on one parameter$\mathscr{L}$, a dimensionless surface tension. According to this formulation, the apparent contact angle is well-defined: at the outer edge of the contact region, the film slope approaches a limit that is independent of the curvature of bulk drop. In this, it differs from the dynamic contact angle observed during spreading of non-volatile drops. Next, we analyse the boundary-value problem assuming$\mathscr{L}$to be small. Though, for arbitrary$\mathscr{L}$, determining$\theta $requires solving the steady diffusion equation for the vapour, there is, for small$\mathscr{L}$, a further separation of scales within the contact region. As a result,$\theta $is now determined by solving an ordinary differential equation. We predict that$\theta $varies as${a}^{- 1/ 6} $, as found experimentally for small drops ($a\lt 1~\mathrm{mm} $). For these drops, predicted and measured angles agree to within 10–30 %. Because the discrepancy increases with$a$, but$\mathscr{L}$is a decreasing function of$a$, we infer that some process occurring outside the contact region is required to explain the observed behaviour of larger drops having$a\gt 1~\mathrm{mm} $.
Entrepreneurial judgment as empathic accuracy: a sequential decision-making approach to entrepreneurial action
Authors: MCMULLEN JEFFERY S. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract:Entrepreurship theory within economics has long touted the importance of judgment in entrepreneurial action. More recently, proponents have begun to advocate extension of this work to organization studies. However, critics of entrepreneurial judgment have responded by claiming that the construct is only meaningfulpost hocand vapid when examinedex ante. Instead, they claim that, if entrepreneurship theory is to progress, then judgment must be replaced by a process logic known as effectuation. This article examines their claims and redefines the judgment dilemma as one of scope rather than existence. Empathic accuracy is then introduced to offer a means of addressing their criticism without having to deny the existence of entrepreneurial judgment. Empathic accuracy is also shown to be capable of explaining some of the cognitive mechanisms necessary for effectuation and dynamic socio-economic order.
Identification of secreted bacterial proteins by noncanonical amino acid tagging
Authors: Mahdavi Alborz , Szychowski Janek , Ngo John T. , Sweredoski Michael J. , Graham Robert L. J. , Hess Sonja , Schneewind Olaf , Mazmanian Sarkis K. , Tirrell David A. 
Published: December 2013

Significance
Microbial pathogens use complex secretion systems to deliver virulence factors into host cells, where they disrupt host cell function. Understanding these systems is essential to the development of new treatments for infectious disease. A challenge in such studies arises from the abundance of host cell proteins, which interfere with detection of microbial effectors. Here we describe a metabolic labeling strategy that allows selective enrichment of microbial proteins from the host cell cytoplasm. The method enables efficient identification of microbial proteins that have been delivered to the host, identifies distinct secretion profiles for intracellular and extracellular bacteria, and allows for determination of the order of injection of microbial proteins into host cells.
Cohesin and CTCF differentially affect chromatin architecture and gene expression in human cells
Authors: Zuin Jessica , Dixon Jesse R. , van der Reijden Michael I. J. A. , Ye Zhen , Kolovos Petros , Brouwer Rutger W. W. , van de Corput Mariëtte P. C. , van de Werken Harmen J. G. , Knoch Tobias A. , van IJcken Wilfred F. J. , Grosveld Frank G. , Ren Bing , Wendt Kerstin S. 
Published: December 2013

Significance
For the 2m DNA to fit into the tiny cell nucleus, it is wrapped around nucleosomes and folded into loops clustering together in domains. Genome function depends on this 3D-organization, especially on-going dynamic processes like transcription. Techniques studying the network of DNA contacts genome-wide have recently revealed this 3D architecture, but the protein factors behind this are not understood. We study two proteins that are known to help form DNA loops: cohesin and CTCC-binding factor (CTCF). Respective depletion and analysis of DNA contacts genome-wide show that CTCF is required to separate neighboring folding domains and keep cohesin in place, whereas cohesin is important for shaping the domains. Consistently, we observe different changes of gene expression.
Effects of loss and trauma on sublime disquietude during literary reading
Authors: Kuiken Don , Sharma Ruby 
Published: December 2013

Two studies of literary reading described the effects of loss, trauma, and traumatic loss on moments of disclosure during expressive engagement with the text. Study 1 compared readers who had experienced recent loss, recent trauma or neither recent loss nor trauma. Study 2 extended this paradigm to include traumatic loss. Dependent variables included an index of sublime disquietude, specifically, the interactive combination of perceived discord, self-perceptual depth, and inexpressible realizations. Across both studies, (1) a combination of traumatic distress and separation distress predicted sublime disquietude; (2) dissociation (depersonalization, amnesia) predicted sublime disquietude; and (3) distress in response to loss, trauma, or traumatic loss motivated reading at the limits of expressibility. This pattern of results is described in relation to Heidegger’s (1962) characterization of how, within being-toward-death, an uncanny not-at-homeness (Unheimlichkeit) is the context within which an experiential process provides an unsettling and yet elevating disclosure of finitude.