bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The retinoid‐related orphan receptor alpha is essential for the end‐stage effector phase of experimental epidermolysis bullosa acquisita
Authors: Sadeghi Hengameh , Gupta Yask , Möller Steffen , Samavedam Unni K , Behnen Martina , Kasprick Anika , Bieber Katja , Müller Susen , Kalies Kathrin , de Castro Marques Andreia , Recke Andreas , Schmidt Enno , Zillikens Detlef , Laskay Tamás , Mariani Jean , Ibrahim Saleh M , Ludwig Ralf J 
Published: May 2015

AbstractGenetic studies have added to the understanding of complex diseases. Here, we used a combined genetic approach for risk‐loci identification in a prototypic, organ‐specific, autoimmune disease, namely experimental epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA), in which autoantibodies to type VII collagen (COL7) and neutrophil activation cause mucocutaneous blisters. Anti‐COL7 IgG induced moderate blistering in most inbred mouse strains, while some showed severe disease or were completely protected. Using publicly available genotyping data, we identified haplotype blocks that control blistering and confirmed two haplotype blocks in outbred mice. To identify the blistering‐associated genes, haplotype blocks encoding genes that are differentially expressed in EBA‐affected skin were considered. This procedure identified nine genes, including retinoid‐related orphan receptor alpha (RORα), known to be involved in neurological development and function. After anti‐COL7 IgG injection, RORα+/− mice showed reduced blistering and homozygous mice were completely resistant to EBA induction. Furthermore, pharmacological RORα inhibition dose‐dependently blocked reactive oxygen species (ROS) release from activated neutrophils but did not affect migration or phagocytosis. Thus, forward genomics combined with multiple validation steps identifies RORα to be essential to drive inflammation in experimental EBA. Copyright © 2015 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical and genomic heterogeneity of Diamond Blackfan anemia in the Russian Federation
Authors: Smetanina Natalia S. , Mersiyanova Irina V. , Kurnikova Maria A. , Ovsyannikova Galina S. , Hachatryan Lili A. , Bobrynina Vlasta O. , Maschan Michael A. , Novichkova Galina. A. , Lipton Jeffrey M. , Maschan Alexey A. 
Published: May 2015

BackgroundDiamond Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a genetically and clinically heterogeneous ribosomopathy and inherited bone marrow failure syndrome characterized by anemia, reticulocytopenia, and decreased erythroid precursors in the bone marrow with an increased risk of malignancy and, in approximately 50%, physical abnormalities.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed clinical data from 77 patients with DBA born in the Russian Federation from 1993 to 2014. In 74 families there was one clinically affected individual; in only three instances a multiplex family was identified. Genomic DNA from 57 DBA patients and their first‐degree relatives was sequenced for mutations in RPS19, RPS10, RPS24, RPS26, RPS7, RPS17, RPL5, RPL11, RPL35a, and GATA1.ResultsSevere anemia presented before 8 months of age in all 77 patients; before 2 months in 61 (78.2%); before 4 months in 71 (92.2%). Corticosteroid therapy was initiated after 1 year of age in the majority of patients. Most responded initially to steroids, while 5 responses were transient. Mutations in RP genes were detected in 35 of 57 patients studied: 15 in RPS19, 6 in RPL5, 3 in RPS7, 3 each in RPS10, RPS26, and RPL11 and 1 each in RPS24 and RPL35a; 24 of these mutations have not been previously reported. One patient had a balanced chromosomal translocation involving RPS19. No mutations in GATA1 were found.ConclusionIn our cohort from an ethnically diverse population the distribution of mutations among RP genes was approximately the same as was reported by others, although within genotypes most of the mutations had not been previously reported. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:1597–1600. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fabrication and characterization of UV‐crosslinkable thermoresponsive composite fibers with magnetic properties
Authors: Huang Shih‐Ru , Lin King‐Fu , Don Trong‐Ming , Chiu Wen‐Yen , Lin Mei‐Fei 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTCrosslinking magnetic thermoresponsive composite (MTC) fiber mats were fabricated by electrospinning process and followed by UV curing. Thermoresponsive poly‐(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) and magnetic Fe3O4 were firstly synthesized by redox‐initiated polymerization and co‐precipitation, respectively. A crosslinking agent (dipentaerythritol hexylacrylate) and photoinitiator for providing crosslinking ability were then mixed with PNIPAAm and Fe3O4 in ethanol as the electrospinning solution. After electrospinning and subsequent UV irradiation, the MTC fiber mats were thus obtained. Thermoresponsivity of the MTC fibers was measured by both DSC and swelling test. MTC fiber mat exhibited better water‐absorption capability and thermoresponsivity than corresponding film. Morphological analysis was observed by SEM and TEM, and the magnetic property was measured by SQUID. The thermoresponsive magnetic behavior of MTC fiber mat in water was observed under various temperatures and magnetic fields. Vitamin B12 used as a model drug was loaded in the MTC fiber mats and the drug‐release behavior was then studied. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 2152–2162
The mechanism and a slip model for the initial plastic deformation of amorphous polyethylene under uniaxial tension
Authors: Zeng Fanlin , Hu Enlai , Sun Yi , Qu Jianmin 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTThe mechanical behaviors of a polyethylene (PE) bulk consisting of amorphous molecular chains under uniaxial tension have been explored using molecular simulations. The stress–strain relationship and the plastic deformations of the PE bulk have been analyzed. Two deformation stages were found in the stress–strain curve, the elastic stage with a straight linear part of the curve and the plastic stage with a flat sawtooth‐like part. The Young's modulus calculated from the elastic part is in good agreement with experimental results. Some key parameters such as the energy variations in different terms reveal that the interchain slip should be chiefly responsible for the initial plastic deformations of amorphous PE under uniaxial tension. In order to address how this slip influences the plastic deformations, the mechanical details of a single chain have been elucidated when it was pulled out from two PE clusters consisting of regular and amorphous chains, respectively. The interchain slip, found as the basic movement style, is responsible for the movement of the stretched chain. Both the critical slip force and the critical slip length have been found in these two cases. For the straight chain pulled out from the cluster with regular chains, the critical slip force is about 1.81 nN and the critical slip length is about 40 polymerization degrees. While for the chain in the amorphous cluster, the critical force is about 0.86 nN and the critical length is almost the same. Based on the simulation results, a meso slip model has been deduced to explain the behaviors of the amorphous PE bulk under uniaxial tension. With reference to the slip model of single crystals and polycrystals a constitutive relation was obtained by considering the Young's modulus, the equivalent slip stress and the average orientation parameters of each chain. The comparison of the results from the constitutive relation and the simulations proves that this model does well in predicting the mechanical behaviors of amorphous PE under uniaxial tension in general. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015, 53, 986–998
Luminescent property and mechanism of ZnAl2O4 ultraviolet emitting phosphor
Authors: Ishinaga Takeaki , Iguchi Taku , Kominami Hiroko , Hara Kazuhiko , Kitaura Mamoru , Ohnishi Akimasa 
Published: May 2015

AbstractZnAl2O4 ultraviolet (UV) emitting phosphor has been studied for next‐generation ultraviolet emission device. In this work, to investigate the mechanism of ZnAl2O4, the phosphor was evaluated and analyzed using various methods. It is thought that the optimum ratio of source materials to obtain the single phase of ZnAl2O4 is 0.975. UV emission peak of ZnAl2O4 was changed from around 250 nm to 270 nm and the absorption edge was shifted to lower energy as increase the ratio of source materials. It is thought that bandgap of ZnAl2O4 became narrower as increase the ratio of source materials. From the results of annealing in active carbon, it became clear that the UV emission from ZnAl2O4 was caused oxygen vacancy. Additionally, from the results of sterilization examination, it is thought that the properties of ZnAl2O4 are promising for using it as candidate for sterilization. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Time‐scale analysis of atomic layer deposition processes: Predicting the transition from mass‐transfer to kinetically limited regimes
Authors: Adomaitis Raymond A. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe relative rates of adsorption and irreversible reaction are modeled for a prototypical atomic layer deposition (ALD) system. Surface species balance modeling equations are processed through a reaction factorization procedure to eliminate redundant dynamic modes. The resulting singular perturbation problem then is used to develop a criterion that distinguishes between mass‐transfer and kinetically‐limited deposition regimes for this dynamic process. Detailed simulations of a TMA/water alumina ALD process are used to evaluate our analysis approach and to demonstrate the dominance of mass‐transfer limitations for this system during both precursor exposure periods. Our analysis shows the increasing likelihood of encountering mass‐transfer limitations at reduced temperatures, a finding opposite of what might be expected. We find that the ALD dynamics evolve on a manifold defined by the balancing of adsorption and irreversible reaction rates, further reducing the dynamic dimension of the deposition dynamics. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Efficient online cycle detection technique combining with Steensgaard points‐to information
Authors: Liu Fei , Li Bixin , Nasre Rupesh 
Published: May 2015

SummaryPointer analysis is a key static analysis during compilation. Several client analyses and transformations rely on precise pointer information to optimize programs. Therefore, it is paramount to improve the efficiency of pointer analysis. A critical piece of an inclusion‐based pointer analysis is online cycle detection. The efficiency of pointer analysis is significantly influenced by the efficacy of detecting cycles. Existing approaches perform poorly when they guess cycle formation in the constraint graph. Thus, the number of false cycle‐detection triggers of the state‐of‐the‐art methods is considerably high (over 99% on Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation (SPEC) benchmarks). In this paper, we propose bootstrapping as a way to improve cycle detection predictability of pointer analysis. The main idea is to run a sequence of increasingly precise analyses to feed into the next more precise analysis to improve the efficiency of the latter analysis. In this process, we develop a new notion of pointer equivalence called constraint equivalence. Using Steensgaard's fast unification algorithm as the bootstrap, we devise a new cycle detection method for Andersen's inclusion‐based analysis. We measure the effectiveness of our approach using a suite of programs including SPEC 2000 benchmarks and two open‐source programs, and find that our method can reduce the number of false cycle detections by almost 22× compared with a state‐of‐the‐art method. This leads to an overall analysis time improvement of 18% on an average. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
VoIP traffic in wireless mesh networks: a MOS‐based routing scheme
Authors: Serrano Salvatore , Campobello Giuseppe , Leonardi Alessandro , Palazzo Sergio , Galluccio Laura 
Published: May 2015

AbstractSupport of Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) services in wireless mesh networks requires implementation of efficient policies to support low‐delay data delivery. Multipath routing is typically supported in wireless mesh networks at the network level to provide high fault tolerance and load balancing because links in the proximity of the wireless mesh gateways can be very stressed and overloaded, thus causing scarce performance. As a consequence of using multipath solutions, lower delay and higher throughput can be supported also when a given path is broken because of mobility or bad channel conditions, and alternative routes are available. This can be a relevant improvement especially when assuming that real‐time traffic, such as VoIP, travels into the network. In this paper, we address the problem of Quality of Service (QoS) support in wireless mesh networks and propose a multipath routing strategy that exploits the Mean Opinion Score (MOS) metric to select the most suitable paths for supporting VoIP applications and performing adaptive load balancing among the available paths to equalize network traffic. Performance results assess the effectiveness of the proposed approach when compared with other existing methodologies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Basic mathematical cognition
Authors: Gaber David , Schlimm Dirk 
Published: May 2015

Mathematics is a powerful tool for describing and developing our knowledge of the physical world. It informs our understanding of subjects as diverse as music, games, science, economics, communications protocols, and visual arts. Mathematical thinking has its roots in the adaptive behavior of living creatures: animals must employ judgments about quantities and magnitudes in the assessment of both threats (how many foes) and opportunities (how much food) in order to make effective decisions, and use geometric information in the environment for recognizing landmarks and navigating environments. Correspondingly, cognitive systems that are dedicated to the processing of distinctly mathematical information have developed. In particular, there is evidence that certain core systems for understanding different aspects of arithmetic as well as geometry are employed by humans and many other animals. They become active early in life and, particularly in the case of humans, develop through maturation. Although these core systems individually appear to be quite limited in application, in combination they allow for the recognition of mathematical properties and the formation of appropriate inferences based upon those properties. In this overview, the core systems, their roles, their limitations, and their interaction with external representations are discussed, as well as possibilities for how they can be employed together to allow us to reason about more complex mathematical domains. WIREs Cogn Sci 2015, 6:355–369. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1351This article is categorized under:

Psychology > Reasoning and Decision Making
Philosophy > Foundations of Cognitive Science
Systems approaches to design of targeted therapeutic delivery
Authors: Myerson Jacob W. , Brenner Jacob S. , Greineder Colin F. , Muzykantov Vladimir R. 
Published: May 2015

Targeted drug delivery aims to improve therapeutic effects and enable mechanisms that are not feasible for untargeted agents (e.g., due to impermeable biological barriers). To achieve targeting, a drug or its carrier should possess properties providing specific accumulation from circulation at the desired site. There are several examples of systems‐inspired approaches that have been applied to achieve this goal. First, proteomics analysis of plasma membrane fraction of the vascular endothelium has identified a series of target molecules and their ligands (e.g., antibodies) that deliver conjugated cargoes to well‐defined vascular cells and subcellular compartments. Second, selection of ligands binding to cells of interest using phage display libraries in vitro and in vivo has provided peptides and polypeptides that bind to normal and pathologically altered cells. Finally, large‐scale high‐throughput combinatorial synthesis and selection of lipid‐ and polymer‐based nanocarriers varying their chemical components has yielded a series of carriers accumulating in diverse organs and delivering RNA interference agents to diverse cells. Together, these approaches offer a basis for systems‐based design and selection of targets, targeting molecules, and targeting vehicles. Current studies focus on expanding the arsenal of these and alternative targeting strategies, devising drug delivery systems capitalizing on these strategies and evaluation of their benefit/risk ratio in adequate animal models of human diseases. These efforts, combined with better understanding of mechanisms and unintended consequences of these targeted interventions, need to be ultimately translated into industrial development and the clinical domain. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2015, 7:253–265. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1304This article is categorized under:

Laboratory Methods and Technologies > Macromolecular Interactions, Methods
Laboratory Methods and Technologies > Proteomics Methods
Translational, Genomic, and Systems Medicine > Therapeutic Methods
Risk Factors for Gambling Problems: An Analysis by Gender
Authors: Hing Nerilee , Russell Alex , Tolchard Barry , Nower Lia 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Differences in problem gambling rates between males and females suggest that associated risk factors vary by gender. Previous combined analyses of male and female gambling may have obscured these distinctions. This study aimed to develop separate risk factor models for gambling problems for males and for females, and identify gender-based similarities and differences. It analysed data from the largest prevalence study in Victoria Australia (N = 15,000). Analyses determined factors differentiating non-problem from at-risk gamblers separately for women and men, then compared genders using interaction terms. Separate multivariate analyses determined significant results when controlling for all others. Variables included demographics, gambling behaviour, gambling motivations, money management, and mental and physical health. Significant predictors of at-risk status amongst female gamblers included: 18–24 years old, not speaking English at home, living in a group household, unemployed or not in the workforce, gambling on private betting, electronic gaming machines (EGMs), scratch tickets or bingo, and gambling for reasons other than social reasons, to win money or for general entertainment. For males, risk factors included: 18–24 years old, not speaking English at home, low education, living in a group household, unemployed or not in the workforce, gambling on EGMs, table games, races, sports or lotteries, and gambling for reasons other than social reasons, to win money or for general entertainment. High risk groups requiring appropriate interventions comprise young adults, especially males; middle-aged female EGM gamblers; non-English speaking populations; frequent EGM, table games, race and sports gamblers; and gamblers motivated by escape.
XRD, SEM, and XPS Analysis of Soybean Protein Powders Obtained Through Extraction Involving Reverse Micelles
Authors: Zhao Xiaoyan , Zhu Haitao , Zhang Bingwen , Chen Jun , Ao Qiang , Wang Xiyuan 
Published: May 2015

AbstractSoybean protein powders obtained by aqueous buffer and reverse micelle extractions were examined and characterized using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These analysis methods provided detailed information about elemental distributions, surface structure, and secondary and microstructures of the protein, respectively. XPS data revealed that the O and N atomic percentages of soybean protein surfaces obtained with bis(2‐ethylhexyl) sodium sulfosuccinate (AOT)/hexane reverse micelles were higher than those obtained with aqueous buffer, whereas the percentage of atomic C was lower. The ratios of nitrogen to carbon (N/C) on the surface of soybean protein obtained through the two extraction methods were similar. The O/C ratio for soybean protein obtained from AOT reverse micelles was large. The obtained results indicated that the reverse micelles could affect the C, O, and N components on the surface of soybean proteins. Moreover, XRD and SEM results also showed the influence of AOT reverse micelles, which lead to more β‐sheet and pore structures.
The Evolution of Occupational Segregation in the United States, 1940–2010: Gains and Losses of Gender–Race/Ethnicity Groups
Authors: del Río Coral , Alonso-Villar Olga 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe aim of this article is twofold: (1) to descriptively explore the evolution of occupational segregation of women and men of different racial/ethnic groups in the United States during 1940–2010, and (2) to assess the consequences of segregation for each group. For that purpose, in this article, we propose a simple index that measures the monetary loss or gain of a group derived from its overrepresentation in some occupations and underrepresentation in others. This index has a clear economic interpretation. It represents the per capita advantage (if the index is positive) or disadvantage (if the index is negative) of the group, derived from its segregation, as a proportion of the average wage of the economy. Our index is a helpful tool not only for academics but also for institutions concerned with inequalities among demographic groups because it makes it possible to rank them according to their segregational nature.
Rapid and selective manipulation of milk fatty acid composition in mice through the maternal diet during lactation
Authors: Oosting Annemarie , Verkade Henkjan J. , Kegler Diane , van de Heijning Bert J. M. , van der Beek Eline M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractDietary fatty acid (FA) composition in early postnatal life can modulate growth and development and later metabolic health. Investigating programming effects of early dietary FA manipulations in rodents may be stressful and complicated due to the need of artificial feeding techniques. It is largely unknown to what extent breast milk (BM) FA composition can be directly manipulated by the diet. We exposed dams to different dietary FA compositions from postnatal day (PN) 2 until PN28. Dams with litters were randomly assigned to control (CTRL), high-medium-chain FA (MCFA), low-linoleic acid (LowLA), high-n-3 long-chain PUFA (n-3LCP) or high-n-3LCP and MCFA (n-3LCP/MCFA) diets, and diets were continued after weaning until PN28. FA compositions were determined in feeds, milk and in erythrocytes. BM MCFA content was independent from dietary MCFA intake. In contrast, the LowLA diet reduced BM LA content by about 50 % compared with the CTRL diet at PN7. BM of dams fed then-3LCP orn-3LCP/MCFA diet contained about 6-fold moren-3 LCP than BM of the dams fed the CTRL diet at PN7. These changes in milk FA composition established after 5 d of dietary exposure did not further change over the lactation period. At PN28, the erythrocyte FA composition of the male pups correlated with analysed milk FA profiles. In conclusion, manipulation of the diet of lactating mice can strongly and rapidly affect BM FA composition, in particular ofn-6 LA andn-3 LCP. Our present findings will facilitate mechanistic studies on the programming of adult metabolic health by dietary FA in the early postnatal period via direct and selective manipulation of the maternal diet.