bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring newcomer voice and silence dynamics: The role of organizational socialization
Authors: Reissner Tim A. , Guenter Hannes , de Jong Simon B. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper examines the temporal dynamics of newcomer voice and silence in organizations, focusing on the role of organizational socialization. While prior research has explored the antecedents and effects of newcomer voice behaviour, little attention has been given to how voice and silence evolve over time as newcomers become more familiar with their roles and the organizational context. Drawing on multiple goal pursuit theory, this study investigates how organizational socialization influences the trajectories of newcomer promotive voice, prohibitive voice and employee silence. We test our hypotheses on a sample of 198 organizational newcomers over four waves of data, employing random coefficient growth models. The findings suggest that employee voice and silence follow distinct trajectories and provide partial support for the influence of organizational socialization on these changes in newcomer behaviour. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Electoral reform and fragmented polarization: New evidence from Taiwan legislative roll calls
Authors: Liao Yen‐Chieh 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates how legislators respond to an electoral reform by adjusting their positions with respect to co‐partisans and rivals. Using cross‐sectional legislative roll calls over 20 years, we study how the dynamics of blue‐green confrontation are influenced by Taiwan's electoral reform from Single Non‐Transferable Votes (the SNTV) to Single‐Member Districts (SMD). Contrary to existing literature, our empirical evidence shows that the reform significantly fragmented legislator positions within their party and in relation to members from opposing parties, leading to an increase in contentious legislation and higher levels of both inter‐ and intra‐party distance. In the years following the reform, the political confrontation between the Kuomintang and the Democratic Progressive Party gradually diminished, eventually returning to levels seen before the reform. Moreover, our analysis reveals that the 2008 reform had heterogeneous effects on different parties, with each party displaying varying levels of resilience in response. This finding contributes to electoral system literature, providing policy implications for democratic countries contemplating electoral reforms.
Phosphatidylethanolamines link ferroptosis and autophagy during appressorium formation of rice blast fungus
Authors: Liu Qiao , Long Ruhui , Lin Chaoxiang , Bi Xinping , Liang Zhibin , Deng Yi Zhen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA cell death pathway, ferroptosis, occurs in conidial cells and is critical for formation and function of the infection structure, the appressorium, in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. In this study, we identified an orthologous lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase (Lpaat) acting at upstream of phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs) biosynthesis and which is required for such fungal ferroptosis and pathogenicity. Two PE species, DOPE and SLPE, that depend on Lpaat function for production were sufficient for induction of lipid peroxidation and the consequent ferroptosis, thus positively regulating fungal pathogenicity. On the other hand, both DOPE and SLPE positively regulated autophagy. Loss of the LPAAT gene led to a decrease in the lipidated form of the autophagy protein Atg8, which is probably responsible for the autophagy defect of the lpaatΔ mutant. GFP‐Lpaat was mostly localized on the membrane of lipid droplets (LDs) that were stained by the fluorescent dye monodansylpentane (MDH), suggesting that LDs serve as a source of lipids for membrane PE biosynthesis and probably as a membrane source of autophagosome. Overall, our results reveal novel intracellular membrane‐bound organelle dynamics based on Lpaat‐mediated lipid metabolism, providing a temporal and spatial link of ferroptosis and autophagy.
A new classification for emergency critically ill patients and analysis of their adverse events during intrahospital transport: A cluster analysis
Authors: An Ying , Cao Kai , Li Fei , Lu Qi , Guan Ya‐Mei , Lu Zhen‐Hui , Wang Ai‐Ping , Tian Zi‐Rong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundCritical patients may experience various adverse events during transportation within hospitals. Therefore, quickly evaluating and classifying patients before transporting them from the emergency department and focusing on managing high‐risk patients are critical. At present, no unified classification method exists; all the current approaches are subjective.AimsTo ensure transportation safety, we conducted a cluster analysis of critically ill patients transferred from the emergency department to the intensive care unit.Study DesignSingle‐centre cohort study. This study was conducted at a comprehensive first‐class teaching hospital in Beijing. Convenience sampling and continuous enrolment were employed. We collected data from 1 January 2019, to 31 December 2021. All patients were transferred from the emergency department to the intensive care unit, and cluster analysis was conducted using five variables.ResultsA total of 584 patients were grouped into three clusters. Cluster 1 (high systolic blood pressure group) included 208 (35.6%) patients. Cluster 2 (high heart rate and low blood oxygen group) included 55 (9.4%) patients. Cluster 3 (normal group) included the remaining 321 (55%) patients. The oxygen saturation levels of all the patients were lower after transport, and the proportion of adverse events (61.8%) was the highest in Cluster 2 (p < .05).ConclusionsThis study utilized data on five important vital signs from a cluster analysis to explore possible patient classifications and provide a reference for ensuring transportation safety.Relevance to Clinical PracticeBefore transferring patients, we should classify them and implement targeted care. Changes in blood oxygen levels in all patients should be considered, with a focus on the occurrence of adverse events during transportation among patients with high heart rates and low blood oxygen levels.
Effectiveness and safety of a simple catheter securement device aimed at preventing catheter‐associated urinary tract infection in intensive care unit patients: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Calpe‐Damians Neus , Wennberg‐Capellades Laia , Ventura‐Rosado Arminda , Gonzalez‐Engroba Remei , Enríquez‐Pérez Nuria , Vicario‐Martos Concepción , Roldos‐Gales Anabel , Guri‐López Thais , Rafart‐Aguado Sonia , Ramírez‐Ramon Angie , Llauradó‐Serra Mireia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundClinical practice guidelines for the prevention of catheter associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) recommend urinary catheter securement in critical patients although there is scant research on its effectiveness.AimTo analyse whether securement of an indwelling urinary catheter (IUC) reduces the risk of CAUTI and meatal pressure injury among intensive care unit (ICU) patients and assess medical adhesive‐related skin injury (MARSI) associated with the securement device.Study DesignOpen randomized controlled trial involving patients admitted to two ICUs in Spain. In the intervention group (n = 169 patients), the IUC was secured to the thigh using an in‐house device piloted as part of this trial. Controls (n = 181) received standard care, including non‐securement of the IUC. Barrier film spray was applied to the securement site with the aim of preventing MARSI. The definitions of the main outcomes were: CAUTI was diagnosed according to the criteria of the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, meatal pressure injury was categorized into four grades and MARSI was classified as either erythema or skin tears. Bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were performed. Log‐rank and Cox regressions were used to compare risk over time to CAUTI and meatal pressure injury in the two groups.ResultsData from 350 patients were analysed, 169 (48.29%) from IG and 181 (51.71%) from CG. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, IUC securement was an independent protective factor against both CAUTI (RR = 0.2, 95% CI [0.05, 0.67]) and meatal pressure injury (RR = 0.31, 95% CI [0.15, 0.58]). The incidence of MARSI was 7.1%.ConclusionEffective IUC securement significantly reduces the risk of CAUTI and meatal pressure injury among ICU patients. The in‐house device piloted in the present trial is simple for nurses to use, and the incidence of MARSI was low. These results underline the benefits of IUC securement.Relevance to Clinical PracticeIndwelling urinary catheter (IUC) securement reduces the risk of urinary tract infection. IUC securement helps prevent meatal pressure injury. IUC securement with in‐house devices is safe and effective.
Nonparametric estimation of densities on the hypersphere using a parametric guide
Authors: Alonso‐Pena María , Claeskens Gerda , Gijbels Irène 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHyperspherical kernel density estimators (KDE), which use a parametric distribution as a guide, are studied in this paper. The main benefit is that these estimators improve the bias of nonguided kernel density estimators when the parametric guiding distribution is not too far from the true density, while preserving the variance. When using a von Mises‐Fisher density as guide, the proposal performs as well as the classical KDE, even when the guiding model is incorrect, and far from the true distribution. This benefit is particular for the hyperspherical setting given its compact support, and is in contrast to similar methods for real valued data. Moreover, we deal with the important issue of data‐driven selection of the smoothing parameter. Simulations and real data examples illustrate the finite‐sample performance of the proposed method, also in comparison with other recently proposed estimation methods.
Global insights into keloid formation: An international systematic review of regional genetic risk factors and commonalities
Authors: James Andrew J. , Torres‐Guzman Ricardo A. , Chaker Sara C. , Sigel Matthew E. , Perdikis Galen , Supp Dorothy M. , Dale Slater Elizabeth L. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractKeloid disorder is a morbid and disfiguring benign fibroproliferative disease with a higher incidence in groups with darker skin pigmentation. Predicting keloidogenesis in patients is difficult with treatment primarily aimed at preventing further scar expansion and improving aesthetics without addressing their unknown underlying pathophysiology. We aimed to identify potential genetic predispositions to keloid scarring in the literature. A search was conducted on 21 August 2023, by the first and second authors independently from 1985 to August 2023 using PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus and CINAHL. The following MeSH terms were used: ‘Keloid’, ‘Risk’ and ‘Genetic’. Two researchers independently searched for studies based on titles and abstracts and screened filtered articles by reviewing full text. If no agreement could be reached, a third senior author designated whether the article should be included. We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses 2020 statement as the basis of our organisation. Human studies with genetic analysis to determine an association of a protein or gene to keloidogenesis were selected for inclusion. Studies in languages other than English, reviews, conference articles, and book chapters were excluded. Fifty studies met inclusion criteria. The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system was broadly implicated, and the DRB1*15 allele was associated with an increased risk of keloid in three separate ethnic groups. Some HLA Class I alleles were associated with keloid in one population but not in others. Additionally, polymorphisms in the E3 ubiquitin‐protein ligase (NEDD4) signal cascade and vitamin D receptor (VDR) have been implicated in diverse groups. No current genetic test can predict keloid risk. Our review identified candidate predisposing genes, including NEDD4, VDR and components of the HLA system. Further studies in heterogeneous populations are needed to identify reliable screening targets.
Unveiling the dance of evolution: Pla-mediated cleavage of Ymt modulates the virulence dynamics of
Yersinia pestis
Authors: Wu Gengshan , Zhou Yazhou , Cao Shiyang , Wu Yarong , Wang Tong , Zhang Yu , Wang Xiaoyi , Song Yajun , Yang Ruifu , Du Zongmin 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Yersinia pestis
has recently evolved into a highly lethal flea-borne pathogen through the pseudogenization of extensive genes and the acquisition of exogenous plasmids. Particularly noteworthy are the newly acquired pPCP1 and pMT1 plasmids, which encode the virulence determinants Pla and
Yersinia
murine toxin (Ymt), crucial for subcutaneous infection and survival within flea vector of
Y. pestis
, respectively. This study reveals that Pla can cleave Ymt at K299 both
in vivo
and
in vitro. Y. pestis
expressing Ymt
K299A
displays enhanced
in vitro
biofilm formation and increased blood survival, indicating significant roles of Pla-mediated Ymt cleavage in these phenotypes. Intriguingly, although both the ancestral form of Pla and the prevalent Pla-I259T variant in modern
Y. pestis
strains are capable of cleaving Ymt at K299, the cleavage efficiency of Pla-I259T is only half that of the ancestral variant. In subcutaneous infection, mice infected with Δ
ymt::ymt-
K299A show significantly prolonged survival compared to those infected with Δ
ymt::ymt
. Similarly, infection with Δ
pla::pla-
I259T also results in extended survival compared to Δ
pla::pla
infection. These data demonstrate that the I259T substitution of Pla mitigates the enhanced virulence of
Y. pestis
in mice caused by Pla-mediated Ymt cleavage, thereby prolonging the survival period of infected animals and potentially conferring advantages on the transmission of
Y. pestis
to the next host. These findings deepen our understanding of the intricate interplay between two newly acquired plasmids and shed light on the positive selection of the Pla-I259T mutation, providing new insights into the virulence dynamics and transmission mechanisms of
Y. pestis
.

IMPORTANCE

The emergence of
Y. pestis
as a highly lethal pathogen is driven by extensive gene pseudogenization and acquisition of exogenous plasmids pPCP1 and pMT1. However, the interplay between these two plasmids during evolution remains largely unexplored. Our study reveals intricate interactions between Ymt and Pla, two crucial virulence determinants encoded on these plasmids. Pla-mediated cleavage of Ymt significantly decreases
Y. pestis
survival in mouse blood and enhances its virulence in mice. The prevalent Pla-I259T variant in modern strains displays reduced Ymt cleavage, thereby extending the survival of infected animals and potentially increasing strain transmissibility. Our findings shed light on the nuanced evolution of
Y. pestis
, wherein reduced cleavage efficiency is a positive selection force, shaping the pathogen's natural trajectory.
Joint flexural-density modeling of the Taltal, Copiapó, and Iquique hotspot ridges and the surrounding oceanic plate, offshore Chile
Authors: Maksymowicz Andrei , Contreras-Reyes Eduardo , Lara Luis E. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Based on gravity and bathymetric data and using a novel two-dimensional joint flexural-density modeling approach, this work studies the physical properties of the oceanic Nazca plate around the Taltal, Copiapó, and Iquique hotspot ridges offshore northern Chile. The area is located westward of the Chilean Trench where the Taltal and Copiapó Ridges collide with the continental margin. The results show that the variability in density structure at different scales is a key factor in explaining the observed gravity signal, playing an important role in the lithospheric flexure and hence the elastic properties of the Nazca plate in this setting. The results can be interpreted as evidence of spatial and temporal heterogeneities in the plate-weakening process at the hotspots, magmatic underplating, and crustal and upper mantle fracturing and/or hydration. These processes might be relevant for the ascent of magma pathways of later (secondary) volcanism and influence the mechanical segmentation of the oceanic plate. The latter is critical in explaining the active seismogenic contact between the oceanic Nazca and overriding South America plates.
Effects of almond consumption compared with the consumption of traditional isocaloric cereal/pulse-based snacks on glycaemic control and gut health in adults with pre-diabetes in rural India: protocol for a 16-week, parallel-arm, cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ruchi Vaidya , Nayanjeet Chaudhury , Kalra Pramila , Nair N Sreekumaran , Prabhakar Bellur 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionAlmonds have prebiotic potential to maintain gut health and regulate glycaemia. Western studies have shown their positive effects on preventing non-communicable diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. However, there is a lack of research involving Asian Indians, who have a higher predisposition to diabetes due to their unique ‘Asian phenotype’. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the impact of almond supplementation on glycaemic control and gut health in adults with pre-diabetes in rural India through a randomised clinical trial.Methods and analysisA parallel cluster randomised controlled trial with 178 participants with pre-diabetes (assigned 1:1) aged 20–50 years, of both genders, with a body mass index of 18.9–25 kg/m2, will be conducted in rural areas ofChikkaballapur,KolarandRural Bangaloredistricts in India. The intervention group will receive 56 g of almonds as mid-morning snacks for 16 weeks, while the control group will receive cereal/pulse-based traditional isocaloric snacks under the closed supervision of the study investigators. The primary outcome of the study is HbA1c measured at the 16th week. The secondary outcomes—anthropometry, clinical and other biochemical parameters—will be measured at 0th, 8th and 16th weeks, and a subgroup of 120 participants will undergo gut health analysis. Glucagon-like peptide 1 analysis will be conducted on 30 participants at 0th and 16th weeks. Statistical analysis will be performed using SPSS for Windows V.27.0, and both intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses will be conducted.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee at Ramaiah Medical College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India (DRPEFP7672021). We will obtain the informed written consent of the participants prior to screening and enrolling them in the study. Results from this trial will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed journals and scientific gatherings.Trial registration numberClinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI/2023/03/050421).
Intervention fidelity and factors affecting the process of implementing a mobile phone text messaging intervention among adolescents living with HIV: a convergent mixed-methods study in southern Ethiopia
Authors: Tunje Abayneh , Persson Helene Åvik , Jerene Degu , Hallstrom Inger 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveTo assess the intervention fidelity and explore contextual factors affecting the process of implementing a mobile phone text messaging intervention in improving adherence to and retention in care among adolescents living with HIV, their families and their healthcare providers in southern Ethiopia.DesignA convergent mixed-methods design guided by the process evaluation theoretical framework and the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance framework was used alongside a randomised controlled trial to examine the fidelity and explore the experiences of participants in the intervention.SettingSix hospitals and five health centres provide HIV treatment and care to adolescents in five zones in southern Ethiopia.ParticipantsAdolescents (aged 10–19), their families and their healthcare providers.InterventionMobile phone text messages daily for 6 months or standard care (control).Results153 participants were enrolled in the process evaluation. Among the 153 enrolled in the intervention arm, 78 (49.02%) were male and 75 (43.8%) were female, respectively. The mean and SD age of the participants is 15 (0.21). The overall experiences of implementing the text messages reminder intervention were described as helpful in terms of treatment support for adherence but had room for improvement. During the study, 30 700 text messages were sent, and fidelity was high, with 99.4% successfully delivered text messages during the intervention. Barriers such as failed text messages delivery, limitations in phone ownership and technical limitations affected fidelity. Technical challenges can hinder maintenance, but a belief in the future of digital communication permeates the experiences of the text message reminders.ConclusionsOverall fidelity was high, and participants’ overall experiences of mobile phone text messages were expressed as helpful. Contextual factors, such as local telecommunications networks and local electric power, as well as technical and individual factors must be considered when planning future interventions.Trial registration numberPACTR202107638293593.
Registry cost description of carpal tunnel release in Finland in 2011–2015
Authors: Lampainen Kaisa , Hannula Aarni , Miettinen Laura , Ryhänen Jorma , Torkki Paulus , Hulkkonen Sina 
Published: July 2024

ObjectivesIn this study, we evaluated the amount of public funds spent on the operative treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) in Finland in 2011–2015.DesignA registry-based cost burden study.SettingThe data were collected in primary and secondary care in both private and public hospitals, covering the whole population of Finland.ParticipantsWe collected the total number of patients with new CTS diagnoses and the total number of patients undergoing surgery from the Care Register for Health Care, Finland’s national register.InterventionsOpen carpal tunnel release (OCTR).Outcome measuresWe collected the costs of the OCTR procedure from diagnosis-related group prices. The Social Insurance Institution of Finland provided the total amount of euros reimbursed for sick leaves. We then combined the average amount of reimbursed sick leave with our estimated cost of the treatment chain to approximate the average cost per patient.ResultsThe average amount of public funds used for diagnosing and surgically treating new CTS in 2011–2015 in Finland, including reimbursements for sick leaves, was €2759 per patient in 2015 currency. The average direct procedure cost was €1020. We found no clear trend in total cost per patient, but the proportion of surgically treated patients rose from 63.14% to 73.09%. The total annual cost of these treatments was between €18 128 420 and €22 569 973.ConclusionsThe average amount of public funds used to surgically treat one patient with new CTS in 2011–2015 in Finland was €2759, making the total annual burden €20.7 million.