bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thérapie cognitive basée sur la pleine conscience : état actuel et applications futures
Authors: Irving Julie A. , Segal Zindel V. 
Published: April 2014

Objectifs : Cette revue vise à résumer les recherches antérieures et en cours portant sur la thérapie cognitive basée sur la pleine conscience (TCBPC) et à illustrer en pratique comment cette forme d’intervention peut aider les personnes à éviter la spirale qui les fera retomber dans la rumination, laquelle fait partie intégrante des épisodes dépressifs majeurs. Méthodologie : Des études comprenant des périodes de suivi à court et à long terme et reposant sur une revue de la documentation sur la TCBPC pour la prévention de rechutes chez les personnes qui présentent des antécédents de dépression majeure ont été incluses. De plus, des études récentes sur des adaptations novatrices de la TCBPC chez de nouvelles populations ont aussi été passées en revue et prises en compte dans le but de dégager les orientations à donner à la recherche future et aux nouvelles applications cliniques. Résultats : Dans la dernière décennie, la TCBPC s’est appuyée sur de solides données probantes en mettant en évidence son efficacité dans la prévention des taux de rechutes dépressives et dans le prolongement des périodes de bien-être. Des études récentes ont fait ressortir plusieurs mécanismes de changement possibles comme une diminution de la réactivité cognitive et une meilleure capacité de décentration, lesquelles déterminent et contribuent à une diminution des symptômes dépressifs. Discussion : Actuellement, de nouvelles applications de la TCBPC s’étendent au-delà de son objectif initial. Des travaux de recherche seront nécessaires pour éclairer l’efficacité et les mécanismes d’action à l’oeuvre une fois la TCBPC appliquée à ces nouvelles populations.
Dynamical evidence for nonlinear Langmuir wave processes in type III solar radio bursts
Authors: Graham D. B. , Cairns Iver H. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe nonlinear processes and evolution of Langmuir waves in the source regions of type III solar radio bursts are explored in detail. Langmuir waves recorded by the Time Domain Sampler of the STEREO/WAVES instrument can be roughly classified into six groups based on the waveform, power spectra, and field strength perpendicular to the local magnetic field. It is argued that these groups correspond to either different stages of the evolution of Langmuir waves generated by electron beams or differ due to the direction of the magnetic field relative to the solar wind velocity. Approximately half of the observed Langmuir waves have strong perpendicular fields, meaning that understanding how these fields are produced is crucial for understanding type III sources. Most events recorded are either localized waveforms consistent with Langmuir eigenmodes or have two or more spectral peaks consistent with electrostatic (ES) decay of Langmuir/z mode waves. The remaining events appear to correspond to either earlier or later stages of Langmuir wave evolution or are decay events for which the Doppler shift is insufficient to distinguish the beam‐driven and product Langmuir waves. This is supported by the fact that most events exceed the threshold for ES decay even though their spectra show no evidence for decay and some of the events are observed when the solar wind flow is approximately perpendicular to the magnetic field, minimizing Doppler shifting. Low‐frequency fields produced by intense Langmuir waves are quantitatively consistent with density perturbations produced by the ponderomotive force, ion‐acoustic waves produced by ES decay, or sheath rectification. Above the observed nonlinear threshold, quantitative analysis suggests that the observed low‐frequency signals are consistent with perturbations produced by ponderomotive effects and ion‐acoustic waves produced by ES decay, but effects of sheath rectification may also contribute.
Geospace variability during the 2008–2009 Whole Heliosphere Intervals
Authors: Lean J. L. , McDonald S. E. , Huba J. D. , Emmert J. T. , Drob D. P. , Siefring C. L. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe simulate the ionosphere and thermosphere throughout the extended solar minimum epoch from 2008 to 2009 using geospace models, systematically validating the models with databases of observed geospace composition. We isolate and quantify observed changes of as much as 4 total electron content unit (TECU) (1 TECU = 1016 elections m−2) (~36%) in global (60°S−60°N) ionospheric total electron density and as much as 19 × 10−12 kg m−3 (~75%) in global thermospheric mass density at 250 km associated with fluctuating solar EUV radiation and geomagnetic activity during this nominally “quiet” period. Corresponding modeled responses to both solar EUV radiation and geomagnetic activity are about a factor of 2 smaller than is observed. We identify, as well, semiannual and annual oscillations that produce geospace variability comparable to that produced by external solar and geomagnetic influences, and which cause distinct differences among the three individual Whole Heliosphere Intervals. From the first Whole Heliosphere Interval (March–April 2008) to the third Whole Heliosphere Interval (June–July 2009) total electron content (60°S−60°N) decreased 3.6 TECU (~32%) and mass density at 250 km decreased 9 × 10−12 kg m−3 (~34%) due to these oscillations. Reliable attribution of the geospace base state during the 2008–2009 solar minimum epoch and geospace comparisons among the Whole Heliosphere Intervals thus requires that the semiannual and annual oscillations be properly distinguished in addition to the concurrent solar and heliospheric effects which have been the primary goal of the majority of Whole Heliosphere Interval (WHI) characterizations.
Effects of sources and meteorology on particulate matter in the Western Mediterranean Basin: An overview of the DAURE campaign
Authors: Pandolfi M. , Querol X. , Alastuey A. , Jimenez J. L. , Jorba O. , Day D. , Ortega A. , Cubison M. J. , Comerón A. , Sicard M. , Mohr C. , Prévôt A. S. H. , Minguillón M. C. , Pey J. , Baldasano J. M. , Burkhart J. F. , Seco R. , Peñuelas J. , van Drooge B. L. , Artiñano B. , Di Marco C. , Nemitz E. , Schallhart S. , Metzger A. , Hansel A. , Lorente J. , Ng S. , Jayne J. , Szidat S. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractDAURE (Determination of the Sources of Atmospheric Aerosols in Urban and Rural Environments in the Western Mediterranean) was a multidisciplinary international field campaign aimed at investigating the sources and meteorological controls of particulate matter in the Western Mediterranean Basin (WMB). Measurements were simultaneously performed at an urban‐coastal (Barcelona, BCN) and a rural‐elevated (Montseny, MSY) site pair in NE Spain during winter and summer. State‐of‐the‐art methods such as 14C analysis, proton‐transfer reaction mass spectrometry, and high‐resolution aerosol mass spectrometry were applied for the first time in the WMB as part of DAURE. WMB regional pollution episodes were associated with high concentrations of inorganic and organic species formed during the transport to inland areas and built up at regional scales. Winter pollutants accumulation depended on the degree of regional stagnation of an air mass under anticyclonic conditions and the planetary boundary layer height. In summer, regional recirculation and biogenic secondary organic aerosols (SOA) formation mainly determined the regional pollutant concentrations. The contribution from fossil sources to organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) and hydrocarbon‐like organic aerosol concentrations were higher at BCN compared with MSY due to traffic emissions. The relative contribution of nonfossil OC was higher at MSY especially in summer due to biogenic emissions. The fossil OC/EC ratio at MSY was twice the corresponding ratio at BCN indicating that a substantial fraction of fossil OC was due to fossil SOA. In winter, BCN cooking emissions were identified as an important source of modern carbon in primary organic aerosol.
Use of land surface temperature to estimate surface energy fluxes: Contributions of Wilfried Brutsaert and collaborators
Authors: Crago Richard D. , Qualls Russell J. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractLand surface temperature (LST) plays a key role in governing the land surface energy budget, and measurements or estimates of LST are an integral part of many land surface models and methods to estimate land surface sensible heat (H) and latent heat fluxes. In particular, the LST “anchors” the potential temperature profile in Monin‐Obukhov similarity theory, from which H can be derived. Brutsaert has made important contributions to our understanding the nature of surface temperature measurements as well as the practical but theoretically sound use of LST in this framework. His work has coincided with the wide‐spread availability of remotely sensed LST measurements. Use of remotely sensed LST estimates inevitably involves complicating factors, such as: varying spatial and temporal scales in measurements, theory, and models; spatial variability of LST and H; the relationship between measurements of LST and the temperature “felt” by the atmosphere; and the need to correct satellite‐based radiometric LST measurements for the radiative effects of the atmosphere. This paper reviews the progress made in research in these areas by tracing and commenting on Brutsaert's contributions.
Synthesis of opp‐Dibenzohexaphyrins(1.1.1.1.1.1) by Retro‐Diels–Alder Reaction
Authors: Ishida Shin‐ichiro , Kuzuhara Daiki , Yamada Hiroko , Osuka Atsuhiro 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe retro‐Diels–Alder reaction has been used for the synthesis of an opp‐dibenzo[26]hexaphyrin and an opp‐dibenzo[28]hexaphyrin from the corresponding opp‐bis(bicyclo[2.2.2]octadiene)‐fused hexaphyrins. The opp‐dibenzo[26]hexaphyrin has a rectangular conformation regardless of solvent polarity, whereas the conformational changes of [28]hexaphyrins are dependent on the solvent polarity, that is, figure‐of‐eight conformations in nonpolar solvents, and aromatic, twisted Möbius conformations in polar solvents. Comparison of the optical properties of bis‐rhodium(I) complexes of annulated and non‐annulated hexaphyrins revealed that opp‐dibenzo annulation causes modest but distinct spectral red shifts.
Toward the Design of Halide‐ and Metal‐Free Ionic‐Liquid Catalysts for the Cycloaddition of CO2 to Epoxides
Authors: Galvan Manuele , Selva Maurizio , Perosa Alvise , Noè Marco 
Published: April 2014

AbstractCarbonate and carboxylate methyltrioctylphosphonium ionic liquids [P8881][A], made by a totally halide‐ and metal‐free procedure, have been used as new organocatalysts for the cycloaddition of CO2 to styrene oxide. At 100 °C and ambient pressure, the performance of such compounds, particularly the acetate salts, was quite satisfactory. Even in the presence of catalyst amounts as low as 1–5 mol %, reaction conversions of 35–75 % were achieved with 100 % selectivity towards the expected cyclic carbonate. An analysis on the effect of the catalyst structure and loading, as well as operative parameters including temperature and pressure, demonstrated that anions played a major role on the activity and the stability of the ionic liquids. A parallel transformation of the phosphonium cation into its phosphine oxide was also identified as a consequence of the combined action of epoxide reagents and weakly nucleophilic carbonate and carboxylate species. Accordingly, a reaction mechanism was formulated.
Hydrocarbierung von CC‐Bindungen: Quantifizierung der nucleophilen Reaktivität von Inamiden
Authors: Laub Hans A. , Evano Gwilherm , Mayr Herbert 
Published: April 2014

AbstractReaktionen von Donor‐substituierten Diarylcarbeniumionen Ar2CH+ mit Inamiden liefern 1‐Amid‐substituierte Allylkationen (α,β‐ungesättigte Iminiumionen). Kinetische Studien zeigen, dass diese Additionsprodukte einer C‐H‐Bindung an eine CC‐Dreifachbindung stufenweise gebildet werden, wobei zunächst Keteniminiumionen entstehen, die anschließend eine 1,3‐Hydridwanderung eingehen. Die linearen Korrelationen der Geschwindigkeitskonstanten zweiter Ordnung (lg k2, 20 °C) mit den Elektrophilie‐Parametern E der Diarylcarbeniumionen ermöglichen es, Inamide in unsere umfassende Nucleophilieskala einzugliedern und dadurch potentielle elektrophile Reaktionspartner vorherzusagen.
Chiral Anion Phase Transfer of Aryldiazonium Cations: An Enantioselective Synthesis of C3‐Diazenated Pyrroloindolines
Authors: Nelson Hosea M. , Reisberg Solomon H. , Shunatona Hunter P. , Patel Jigar S. , Toste F. Dean 
Published: April 2014

AbstractHerein is reported the first asymmetric utilization of aryldiazonium cations as a source of electrophilic nitrogen. This is achieved through a chiral anion phase‐transfer pyrroloindolinization reaction that forms C3‐diazenated pyrroloindolines from simple tryptamines and aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborates. The title compounds are obtained in up to 99 % yield and 96 % ee. The air‐ and water‐tolerant reaction allows electronic and steric diversity of the aryldiazonium electrophile and the tryptamine core.
Evaluation of new chemically modified coconut shell adsorbents with tannic acid for Cu (II) removal from wastewater
Authors: de Oliveira Sousa Neto Vicente , Melo Diego Quadros , de Oliveira Talles Cardoso , Nonato Raimundo , Teixeira P. , Silva Marcos Antônio Araújo , Nascimento Ronaldo Ferreira do 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTThe adsorption of Cu (II) from aqueous solutions using coconut shell modified powder was investigated in batch experiments. The surface charge of the adsorbent was determined. The points of zero charge (PZC) of the adsorbents (pHPZC) were 4.5, 2.0, and 2.0 to raw coconut (RC), raw coconut alkalized (RCA), and coconut shell modified with tannic acid (TCA) adsorbent, respectively. Batch experiments were performed under kinetic and equilibrium conditions. The kinetic data were analyzed using a pseudo second‐order, and Elovich equation. Adsorption equilibrium data were investigated using the Langmiur, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin–Raduschevich (D–R) isotherm models. It has been found that chemically modified coconut shell (TAC) affected performance when compared with unmodified coconut shell (RC). Kinetic studies showed that the adsorption followed a pseudo‐second‐order rate model. Biosorption kinetics of Cu(II) on the adsorbent TCA was rapid such that almost 90% of Cu(II) were adsorbed within 80 min. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40744.
Long‐term changes in Australian tropical cyclone numbers
Authors: Dowdy Andrew J. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractTropical cyclone (TC) observations are used to examine changes in the TC climatology of the Australian region. The ability to investigate long‐term changes in TC numbers improves when the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is considered. Removing variability in TC numbers associated with ENSO shows a significant decreasing trend in TC numbers at the 93–98% confidence level. Additionally, there is some indication of a temporal change in the relationship between ENSO and TC numbers, with ENSO accounting for about 35–50% of the variance in TC numbers during the first half of the study period, but only 10% during the second half.
Morbidity in early Parkinson's disease and prior to diagnosis
Authors: Frandsen Rune , Kjellberg Jakob , Ibsen Rikke , Jennum Poul 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundNonmotor symptoms are probably present prior to, early on, and following, a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. Nonmotor symptoms may hold important information about the progression of Parkinson's disease.ObjectiveTo evaluated the total early and prediagnostic morbidities in the 3 years before a hospital contact leading to a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease.MethodsRetrospective morbidity data from Danish National Patient Registry records (1997–2007) of 10,490 adult patients with a secondary care diagnosis of Parkinson's disease were compared with 42,505 control cases.ResultsParkinson's disease was associated with significantly higher morbidity rates associated with conditions in the following categories: mental and psychiatric, nervous system, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal system and connective tissue, genitourinary, abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, injury, poisoning and certain other external causes, and other factors influencing health status and contact with health services. It was negatively associated with neoplasm, cardiovascular, and respiratory diseases.ConclusionsPatients with a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease present significant differences in morbidities early on, following, and prior to, their diagnosis, compared with healthy controls.
Epidemiological survey of suicide ideation and acts and other deliberate self‐harm among offenders in the community under supervision of the Probation Service in England and Wales
Authors: Pluck Graham , Brooker Charlie 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundThere is a dearth of information on suicidal thoughts and acts or other acts of deliberate self‐harm by offenders under community supervision.AimsThe objective of this study is to estimate lifetime and one month prevalence of deliberate self‐harm and to determine ongoing risk among offenders in the community under probation supervision.MethodsOne hundred and seventy‐three randomly selected offenders under supervision by the probation service in one county in England were screened for mental illness. All 88 screened cases and a one‐in‐five sample of non‐cases were interviewed according to the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Inventory Module‐B. False negatives (n = 17) were used to weight calculations and estimate prevalence for the whole group.ResultsA third of the interviewed sample (n = 56) had a lifetime history of suicide attempts, and 9 (5%) had self‐harmed in the month prior to interview. Lifetime suicide history was associated with suicidal ideation and deliberate self‐harm in the prior month.Conclusions and implicationsOur adjusted findings indicate that 25‐40% of offenders serving all or part of their sentence in the community have a lifetime history of self‐harm, which is similar to the rate among prisoners, and are at very much higher risk of further such acts or completed suicide than the general population. At a time of change in delivery of probation services the implications are thatrates of suicide and other forms of deliberate self‐harm should be continually assessed in all probation areas, particularly with reference to service changes;the relationship between deliberate acts of self‐harm, suicidal ideation and completion of suicide should be investigated prospectively in larger studies;probation services are likely to need mental health expertise to manage these risks Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Enhancing Effect of Brønsted Acidity of Supported MoOx Species on their Activity and Selectivity in Ethylene/trans‐2‐Butene Metathesis
Authors: Hahn Tobias , Bentrup Ursula , Armbrüster Marc , Kondratenko Evgenii V. , Linke David 
Published: April 2014

AbstractSupported catalysts with a nominal Mo surface density of 0.15 and 1.5 Mo atoms nm−2 were synthesized by impregnation of alumina, silica, and alumina–silica supports with silica content between 1 and 70 wt %. They were tested for their activity and selectivity in the metathesis of ethylene and trans‐2‐butene to propene between 343 and 603 K at 125 kPa. The catalysts were characterized by UV/Vis, Raman, and IR spectroscopy, XRD and H2 temperature‐programmed reduction for elucidating the distribution, degree of polymerization, reducibility, and acidity of MoOx species. We established that Brønsted acidity of highly dispersed tetrahedral and polymerized octahedral MoOx species is required to ensure high metathesis activity. The acidic character of these species is influenced by their structure and support. Tetrahedral MoOx species with Brønsted acidic character are only formed on supports possessing such acidity, whereas Brønsted acidic octahedral MoOx is also created on supports without such acidic sites.
Substrate‐Dependent H/D Kinetic Isotope Effects and the Role of the Di(μ‐oxo)diiron(IV) Core in Soluble Methane Monooxygenase: A Theoretical Study
Authors: Mai Binh Khanh , Kim Yongho 
Published: April 2014

AbstractSoluble methane monooxygenase (sMMO) is an enzyme that converts alkanes to alcohols using a di(μ‐oxo)diiron(IV) intermediate Q at the active site. Very large kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) indicative of significant tunneling are observed for the hydrogen transfer (H‐transfer) of CH4 and CH3CN; however, a relatively small KIE is observed for CH3NO2. The detailed mechanism of the enzymatic H‐transfer responsible for the diverse range of KIEs is not yet fully understood. In this study, variational transition‐state theory including the multidimensional tunneling approximation is used to calculate rate constants to predict KIEs based on the quantum‐mechanically generated intrinsic reaction coordinates of the H‐transfer by the di(μ‐oxo)diiron(IV) complex. The results of our study reveal that the role of the di(μ‐oxo)diiron(IV) core and the H‐transfer mechanism are dependent on the substrate. For CH4, substrate binding induces an electron transfer from the oxygen to one FeIV center, which in turn makes the μ‐O ligand more electrophilic and assists the H‐transfer by abstracting an electron from the CH σ orbital. For CH3CN, the reduction of FeIV to FeIII occurs gradually with substrate binding and H‐transfer. The charge density and electrophilicity of the μ‐O ligand hardly change upon substrate binding; however, for CH3NO2, there seems to be no electron movement from μ‐O to FeIV during the H‐transfer. Thus, the μ‐O ligand appears to abstract a proton without an electron from the CH σ orbital. The calculated KIEs for CH4, CH3CN, and CH3NO2 are 24.4, 49.0, and 8.27, respectively, at 293 K, in remarkably good agreement with the experimental values. This study reveals that diverse KIE values originate mainly from tunneling to the same di(μ‐oxo)diiron(IV) core for all substrates, and demonstrate that the reaction dynamics are essential for reproducing experimental results and understanding the role of the diiron core for methane oxidation in sMMO.
4,4′‐Bipyridine as a Unidirectional Switching Unit for a Molecular Pushing Motor
Authors: Kallweit Christine , Haberhauer Gebhard , Woitschetzki Sascha 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA chirality switch in which the intrinsic chirality of a 4,4′‐bipyridine is combined with a metal‐ion‐induced switching principle is described. In the uncomplexed state the 4,4′‐bipyridine unit, which is linked to an S,S,S,S‐configured cyclic imidazole peptide, is P‐configured. The addition of zinc ions leads to a rotation around the CC bond axis of the 4,4′‐bipyridine and the M isomer of the metal complex is formed. By addition of a stronger complexing agent the metal ions are removed and the switch returns to its initial position. The combination of the chirality switch with a second switching unit allows the construction of a molecular pushing motor, which is driven chemically and by light.