bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monodomain Liquid Crystal Elastomers Composed of Main‐Chain Type Nematic Polyester Bonded to Rubbery Segments at Both Ends
Authors: Suzuki Ryoji , Ikeda Yuki , Ito Suzune , Hayashi Mikihiro , Kurokawa Naruki , Tokita Masatoshi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMonodomain liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are prepared using liquid crystal block copolymers (LCBCPs) comprised of a nematic liquid crystal (NLC) main‐chain polyester linked to cross‐linkable polymethacrylate (PMA) at both ends. LCBCPs at a PMA weight fraction of ≈30% are doped with a tetra‐thiol compound, stretched in one direction, and then illuminated by UV light, yielding LCBCPs that formed microlamellae consisting of alternate stacking crosslinked PMA blocks and NLC polyester blocks. The LC director lay along the stretching direction (SD). Raising the temperature to the NLC isotropization temperature, the crosslinked LCBCP strips fixed at one end contracted reversibly by a factor of 1.2–1.4 along the SD, deforming the microlamellae. The strips fixed at both ends increased the tensile stress to ≈200 kPa while maintaining the microlamellae undeformed. Regardless of strip fixation at one or both ends, the NLC decreased the orientational order. The contraction amounts and the tensile stress of strips are well associated with decreased NLC orientational order.
The effect of mobile reviewing on review helpfulness: The moderation of review solicitation and reviewer popularity
Authors: Li Chunyu , Mo Tingting , Huo Wenjin , Zhu Liye 
Published: August 2024

AbstractConsumers increasingly read and post online reviews through mobile devices. Drawing upon the motivation, opportunity, and ability framework, we hypothesize the interesting interplay of mobile reviewing, firm review solicitation and reviewer popularity on review helpfulness. Using a large‐scale data set of 1,024,062 reviews from TripAdvisor, we reveal the double‐edged sword effect of mobile reviewing on review helpfulness. Compared to nonmobile reviews, mobile reviews are more emotional, less cognitive and more perceptual, which enhances review helpfulness; however, they are also shorter and less readable, which hurts review helpfulness. Furthermore, hotel review solicitation and reviewer popularity moderate on the aforementioned effects. Compared to organic reviewing, solicitated reviewing weakens both the negative and positive effects of mobile reviewing and elicits more cognitive, more readable, longer but less experiential (i.e., emotional and perceptual) mobile reviews than nonmobile reviews. Meanwhile, compared to unpopular reviewers, popular reviewers mainly strengthen the positive effect of mobile reviewing and write more experiential, more readable, but less cognitive and shorter mobile reviews than nonmobile reviews. Our findings offer practical guidelines for marketers to leverage the power of mobile reviews and downplay their disadvantages, and meanwhile produce meaningful implications for eWOM marketing.
Synergistic rescue of temperature‐sensitive p53 mutants by hypothermia and arsenic trioxide
Authors: Lu Junhao , Chen Lihong , Fatima Zainab , Huang Jeffrey , Chen Jiandong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe p53 tumor suppressor is inactivated by mutations in about 50% of tumors. Rescuing the transcriptional function of mutant p53 has potential therapeutic benefits. Approximately 15% of p53 mutants are temperature sensitive (TS) and regain maximal activity at 32°C. Proof of concept study showed that induction of 32°C hypothermia in mice restored TS mutant p53 activity and inhibited tumor growth. However, 32°C is the lower limit of therapeutic hypothermia procedures for humans. Higher temperatures are preferable but result in suboptimal TS p53 activation. Recently, arsenic trioxide (ATO) was shown to rescue the conformation of p53 structural mutants by stabilizing the DNA binding domain. We examined the responses of 17 frequently observed p53 TS mutants to functional rescue by temperature shift and ATO. The results showed that ATO only rescued mild p53 TS mutants with high basal activity at 37°C. Mild TS mutants showed a common feature of regaining significant activity at the semi‐permissive temperature of 35°C and could be further stimulated by ATO at 35°C. TS p53 rescue by ATO was antagonized by the cellular redox mechanism and was rapidly reversible. Inhibition of glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis enhanced ATO rescue efficiency and sustained p53 activity after ATO washout. The results suggest that mild TS p53 mutants are uniquely responsive to functional rescue by ATO due to small thermostability deficits and inherent potential to regain active conformation. Combining mild hypothermia and ATO may provide an effective and safe procedure for targeting tumors with p53 TS mutations.
Ethnic Differences in Atypical Parkinsonism—is South Asian PSP Different?
Authors: Balint Bettina , Neo Shermyn , Magrinelli Francesca , Mulroy Eoin , Latorre Anna , Stamelou Maria , Morris Huw R. , Batla Amit , Bhatia Kailash P. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundProgressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a progressive atypical parkinsonian condition that results in severe disability. There are few studies of PSP in patients of non‐white European ancestry.ObjectivesWe aim to perform deep phenotyping in a South Asian PSP cohort to uncover possible ethnic differences in disease characteristics.MethodsConsecutive PSP patients had their clinical records reviewed for clinical features operationalized in the Movement Disorder Society (MDS)‐PSP diagnostic criteria and relevant investigations, including imaging and genetic tests. Clinical variables were summarized by descriptive statistics and Kaplan–Meier curves were generated for survival analysis.ResultsTwenty‐seven patients, comprising Indians (78%), Pakistanis (11%) and Sri Lankans (11%) were included. Mean age of symptom onset was 63.8 ± 7.0 years and 22% of patients had an early age of onset (<60 years). The most common presenting symptom was parkinsonism (56%), followed by cognitive dysfunction (37%), falls (33%) and dysarthria (26%). The predominance types at final review were distributed across PSP‐RS (67%), PSP‐PGF (15%), PSP‐P (15%) and PSP‐F (4%). Atypical clinical features like cerebellar signs (33%), REM‐sleep behavior disorder (RBD) (55%), visual hallucinations (22%), and a family history of parkinsonism (20%) were evident in a proportion of patients.ConclusionsWe present a South Asian cohort of PSP patients with a higher than previously reported percentages of early‐onset disease, family history and atypical clinical manifestations. These patients do not fit easily into the PSP phenotypes defined by the current MDS criteria. Dedicated clinicopathological and genetic tests are needed in this population to dissect the pathogenesis of clinically‐defined PSP.
Visualization and characterization of complement activation in acetylcholine receptor antibody seropositive myasthenia gravis
Authors: Huang Yu‐Fang , Sandholm Kerstin , Persson Barbro , Nilsson Bo , Punga Anna Rostedt 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroduction/AimsThere are no blood biomarkers to monitor treatment effects in myasthenia gravis (MG) or studies visualizing the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibody‐induced membrane attack complex (MAC) at the human muscle membrane. This study aimed to compare levels of complement activation products and native complement components in MG patients and healthy controls (HCs) and to model the AChR antibody‐mediated attacks in human muscle cells.MethodsWe assessed the complement components and activation product levels with enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and magnetic bead‐based sandwich assays in plasma and sera of 23 MG patients and matched HCs. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis evaluated the diagnostic accuracy. Complement levels were correlated with the myasthenia gravis composite (MGC) scores. AChR+ MG modeling in human muscle cells used sera from nine MG patients and three HCs.ResultsMG patients had significantly higher plasma levels of C3a (p < .0001), C5 (p = .0003), and soluble C5b‐9 (sC5b‐9; p < .0001) than HCs. The ROC curve analysis showed a clear separation between MG patients and HCs for plasma C3a (AUC = 0.9720; p < .0001) and sC5b‐9 (AUC = 0.8917, p < .0001). MG patients had higher levels of plasma complement Factor I (FI; p = .0002) and lower properdin levels (p < .0001). The MGC had moderate correlations with plasma Factor B (FB), FI, and Factor H. AChR+ MG patient sera triggered the deposition of MAC and reduced AChRs.DiscussionWe suggest validating plasma C3a and sC5b‐9 as blood biomarkers for complement activation in MG. Further, the in vitro study allowed visualization of MAC deposition after applying AChR+ MG sera on human muscle cells.
Analysis of progressive collapse disaster and its anchoring effectiveness in jointed rock tunnel
Authors: Zheng Chengcheng , He Peng , Wang Gang , Hu Jie , Jiang Feng , Yan Zhiqiang , Xiao Zhiyong , Ma Zhenghu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe complexity and variability of the structural distribution and combination characteristics of jointed rock masses make the response mechanism of tunnel rock collapse different, and there is a lack of systematic research on the existing perimeter rock instability mode and bolt support scheme. Based on numerical simulations of the block system structure of a nodular rock mass, the existing theory of bolt support is compared and analyzed to explore the scope of their respective applications. Combined with the spatial and temporal transport law of block instability, a new batch instability model of jointed rock tunnels is proposed, which reveals the progressive collapse catastrophe evolution mechanism of a collapsed interlocking block system after the instability of the key blocks and elucidates the coupling mechanism between the bolts and the block system structure as well as their anchoring effectiveness. Finally, for the actual tunnel project, the instability batches of the surrounding rock are identified, and the corresponding optimized design of the bolt support is presented, which has achieved good support effects. The research results can provide important theoretical guidance and practical engineering value for risk avoidance, disaster identification and targeted prevention and control of dangerous rock fall and chain collapse instability disasters in jointed rock body tunnels.
Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria using calf and upper arm circumference as phenotypic criteria for assessing muscle mass demonstrate satisfactory validity for diagnosing malnutrition in hospitalized patients: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Maffini Larissa Farinha , Viegas Gabrielle Maganha , Steemburgo Thais , Souza Gabriela Corrêa 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundHospitalized individuals present high rates of malnutrition and loss of muscle mass (MM). Imaging techniques for assessing MM are expensive and scarcely available in hospital practice. The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) proposed a framework for malnutrition diagnosis that includes simple measurements to assess MM, such as calf circumference (CC) and mid‐upper arm circumference (MUAC). This study aimed to analyze the validity of the GLIM criteria with CC and MUAC for malnutrition diagnosis, using Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) as the reference standard, in inpatients.MethodsA prospective cohort study was conducted on 453 inpatient adults in a university hospital. The presence of malnutrition was assessed within 48 h of hospital admission using SGA and GLIM criteria using CC and MUAC as phenotypic criteria for malnutrition diagnosis. Accuracy, agreement tests, and logistic regression analysis adjusted for confounders were performed to test the validity of the GLIM criteria for malnutrition diagnosis.ResultsThe patients were aged 59 (46–68) years, 51.4% were male, and 67.8% had elective surgery. Compared with SGA, the GLIM criteria using the two MM assessment measures showed good accuracy (area under the curve > 0.80) and substantial agreement (κ > 0.60) for diagnosing malnutrition. The highest sensitivity was obtained with GLIMCC (89%), whereas GLIMMUAC showed high specificity (>90%). Also, malnutrition identified by GLIMCC and GLIMMUAC was significantly associated with prolonged hospitalization and in‐hospital death.ConclusionIn the absence of imaging techniques to assess MM, the use of CC and MUAC measurements from the GLIM criteria demonstrated satisfactory validity for diagnosing malnutrition in hospitalized patients.
Model‐based reinforcement learning control of reaction‐diffusion problems
Authors: Schenk Christina , Vasudevan Aditya , Haranczyk Maciej , Romero Ignacio 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMathematical and computational tools have proven to be reliable in decision‐making processes. In recent times, in particular, machine learning‐based methods are becoming increasingly popular as advanced support tools. When dealing with control problems, reinforcement learning has been applied to decision‐making in several applications, most notably in games. The success of these methods in finding solutions to complex problems motivates the exploration of new areas where they can be employed to overcome current difficulties. In this article, we explore the use of automatic control strategies to initial boundary value problems in thermal and disease transport. Specifically, in this work, we adapt an existing reinforcement learning algorithm using a stochastic policy gradient method and we introduce two novel reward functions to drive the flow of the transported field. The new model‐based framework exploits the interactions between a reaction‐diffusion model and the modified agent. The results show that certain controls can be implemented successfully in these applications, although model simplifications had to be assumed.
Synthesis of a novel fluorinated polyimide for preparing thermally conductive polyimide composites
Authors: Lee Wondu , Kim Jihoon , Hong Hyeokgi , Noh Hohyeon , Park Dabin , Jung Hyun Min , Kim Jooheon 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA fluorinated polyimide (PI‐FTD) was synthesized for preparing a thermally conductive PI matrix and composites. Additionally, surface‐treated boron nitride (BN) was incorporated into the PI‐FTD via the solution casting method to form efficient heat paths along the through‐plane direction. The resultant composite demonstrated remarkable characteristics, including an impressive through‐plane thermal conductivity of 3.6 W mK−1, a substantial tensile strength of 69.4 MPa, and excellent thermal stability. When this composite was applied to light‐emitting diodes, it effectively managed heat, reducing the operating temperature by 29°C. The PI‐FTD/BN‐OH composites can potentially improve thermal management in electronic devices.Highlights
A novel fluorinated polyimide (PI‐FTD) was fabricated.
Introducing CF3 functionalities in the PI‐FTD provides high thermal stability.
BN‐OH reinforced the thermal and mechanical properties of the composites.
The PI‐FTD/BN‐OH composites achieved excellent thermal management.
Compatibilizing and foaming of PC/PMMA composites with nano‐cellular structures in the presence of transesterification catalyst
Authors: Zhang Lulu , Huang Pengke , Zheng Hao , Xu Linqiong , Zheng Wenge , Zhao Yongqing 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCompatibility of polycarbonate (PC) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) alloys was improved by using a transesterification catalyst (SnCl2·2H2O). Modified PC/PMMA alloys exhibit single Tg, and their initial island phase existing in the SEM were transformed into uniform surface. Besides, the transmittance of the modified alloys was increased from original 40% to 85%. Moreover, PC/PMMA alloys and PC foams with micro‐cellular and nano‐cellular structures were prepared by solid‐state CO2 foaming in the presence of transesterification catalyst. Distinctively, there are obvious nano‐cellular structures existing in the PC samples, but no related nanostructures were found in PMMA samples, after treated by same amount of catalyst and foaming process for pure PC and PMMA matrix. Furthermore, the effects of foaming temperature and segment structure on their foaming behavior were also studied. Additionally, a uniaxial stress experiment was conducted at a specific temperature to simulate the biaxial stress during the foaming process for discovering the mechanism of nanopore formation. Therefore, the concept of nano‐cellular structures will point out a direction for the development of high‐performance, heat insulation PC materials of the next generation.Highlights
Transesterification catalysts enhanced compatibility between PC and PMMA.
Nanopore structures were successfully constructed in PC foams.
Segment stretching was the main reason for the formation of nanopores.
Acyl hydrazone derivatives with trifluoromethylpyridine as potential agrochemical for controlling plant diseases
Authors: Wang Ya , Zhang Renfeng , Guo Xiaoqiu , Xu Ying , Sun Wei , Guo Shengxin , Wu Jian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDCrops are consistently under siege by a multitude of pathogens. These pathogenic microorganisms, including viruses and bacteria, result in substantial reductions in quality and yield globally by inducing detrimental crop diseases, thus posing a significant challenge to global food security. However, the biological activity sepectrum of commercially available pesticides is limited and the pesticide efficacy is poor, necessitating the urgent development of broad‐spectrum and efficient strategies for crop disease prevention and control.RESULTSThe bioassay results revealed that certain target compounds demonstrated outstanding in vivo antiviral efficacy against cucumber mosaic virus and tobacco mosaic virus. In particular, compound D6 showed remarkable antiviral activity against CMV, significantly higher than that of the control agent ningnanmycin. Mechanism of action studies have shown that compound D6 could enhance the activity of defense enzymes and upregulate the expression of genes related to disease resistance, thereby enhancing the antiviral effects in plants. In addition, these compounds displayed superior inhibitory activity against plant bacterial diseases. For Xoo, compound D10 showed an excellent inhibitory effect that was better than that of the control agent bismerthiazol. Scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence double‐staining experiments revealed that compound D10 effectively inhibited bacterial growth by disrupting the cell membrane.CONCLUSIONA series of trifluoromethyl hydrazone derivatives were designed and synthesized, and it was found that they have control effects on plant viruses and bacterial diseases. In addition, this study revealed the mechanism of action of the active compounds and demonstrated their potential as multifunctional crop protectants. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Increasing frequency and precipitation intensity of convective storms in the Peruvian Central Andes: Projections from convection‐permitting regional climate simulations
Authors: Huang Yongjie , Xue Ming , Hu Xiao‐Ming , Martin Elinor , Novoa Héctor Mayol , McPherson Renee A. , Liu Changhai , Chen Mengye , Hong Yang , Perez Andres , Morales Isaac Yanqui , Ticona Jara José Luis , Flores Luna Auria Julieta 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTo explore the potential impacts of climate change on precipitation and mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) in the Peruvian Central Andes, a region with complex terrain, two future convection‐permitting regional climate simulations and one historical one are conducted using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. All simulations adopt consistent model configurations and two nested domains with grid spacings of 15 and 3 km covering the entire South America and the Peruvian Central Andes, respectively. The historical run, spanning 2014–2019, is driven by ERA5 reanalysis, and the future simulations, covering the period 2070–2080, are driven by a bias‐corrected global dataset derived from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) ensemble under the SSP2‐4.5 and SSP5‐8.5 emission scenarios. Results show geographically dependent changes in annual precipitation, with a consistent rise in the frequency of intense hourly precipitation across all regions examined. The western Amazon Basin shows a decrease in annual precipitation, while increases exist in parts of the Peruvian west coast and the east slope of the Andes under both future scenarios. In the warming scenarios, there is an overall increase in the frequency, precipitation intensity, and size of MCSs east of the Andes, with MCS precipitation volume increasing by up to ∼22.2%. Despite consistently enhanced synoptic‐scale low‐level jets in future scenarios, changes in low‐level dynamic convergence are inhomogeneous and predominantly influence annual precipitation changes. The increased convective available potential energy (CAPE), convective inhibition (CIN), and precipitable water (PW) in a warming climate suppress weak convection, while fostering a more unstable and moisture‐rich atmosphere, facilitating more intense convection and the formation and intensification of heavy precipitation‐producing MCSs. The study highlights the value of convection‐permitting climate simulations in projecting future severe weather hazards and informing climate adaptation strategies, especially in regions characterized by complex terrain.
Adsorption and Gas Sensing Properties of h‐BN/WS2 Heterojunction for Toxic Gases: A DFT Study
Authors: Chen Haixia , Gao Kewei , Ding Jijun , Miao Lincheng 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTTungsten disulfide (WS2) and hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) monolayer, and h‐BN/WS2 heterojunction with low lattice mismatch is constructed using density functional theory (DFT). The band structures, density of states (DOS), charge density differences (CDD), work function (WF), adsorption energy and adsorption distance of h‐BN/WS2 heterojunction for six gases molecules (CO, CO2, NO, NO2, SO2, and H2S) are systematically discussed. Gas adsorption on one‐side and both‐sides of the heterojunction is considered. The results indicate that the band gap of the heterojunction is lower than that of h‐BN and WS2, indicating that the construction of heterojunction is beneficial for conductivity. For six gases, the adsorption energy of one‐sided adsorption is significantly greater than that of both‐sided adsorption, except for CO2 and NO. The adsorption of NO and NO2 introduces the magnetism into the system. Interestingly, the h‐BN/WS2 heterojunction demonstrates excellent selectivity for NO gas under one‐sided and both‐sided adsorption. The corresponding adsorption mechanism is explored.
Trace detection of styphnate from pre‐ and post‐blast samples by hydrophilic interaction chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Sipe Sarah N. , Cruse Courtney A. , Tipple Christopher A. , Miller Mark L. 
Published: August 2024

RationaleAlthough ubiquitous in explosives and ammunition, few trace methods for detection of heavy metal‐containing primary explosives from forensic samples are currently in practice.MethodsExtracts of cotton swabs or direct sampling of items were cleaned up using solid‐phase extraction to remove heavy metal contaminants (i.e., lead) while retaining the organic styphnate component. The styphnate was chromatographically separated using hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) and detected via high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) using a sensitive, targeted approach in five minutes or less.ResultsA mass spectrometric method for the detection of styphnate, including limit of detection (LOD), sample stability, and interferences was developed. We present a validated method for the extraction, separation, and detection of styphnate from lead(II) styphnate with an estimated LOD of 257 ppt (pg/mL).ConclusionsWe detail an improved LOD relative to previous reports for trace detection of styphnate and, for the first time to our knowledge, the post‐blast analysis of styphnate.