bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Family meetings for older adults in intermediate care settings: the impact of patient cognitive impairment and other characteristics on shared decision making
Authors: Milte Catherine M. , Ratcliffe Julie , Davies Owen , Whitehead Craig , Masters Stacey , Crotty Maria 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundClinicians, older adults and caregivers frequently meet to make decisions around treatment and lifestyle during an acute hospital admission. Patient age, psychological status and health locus of control (HLC) influence patient preference for consultation involvement and information but overall, a shared‐decision‐making (SDM) approach is favoured. However, it is not known whether these characteristics and the presence of cognitive impairment influence SDM competency during family meetings.ObjectiveTo describe meetings between older adults, caregivers and geriatricians in intermediate care and explore patient and meeting characteristics associated with a SDM communication style.MethodsFifty‐nine family meetings involving geriatricians, patients in an intermediate care setting following an acute hospital admission and their caregivers were rated using the OPTION system for measuring clinician SDM behaviour. The geriatric depression scale and multidimensional HLC scale were completed by patients. The mini‐mental state exam (MMSE) assessed patient's level of cognitive impairment.ResultsMeetings lasted 38 min (SD 13) and scored 41 (SD 17) of 100 on the OPTION scale. Nine (SD 2.2) topics were discussed during each meeting, and most were initiated by the geriatrician. Meeting length was an important determinant of OPTION score, with higher SDM competency displayed in longer meetings. Patient characteristics, including MMSE, HLC and depression did not explain SDM competency.ConclusionWhilst SDM can be achieved during consultations frail older patients and their caregivers, an increased consultation time is a consequence of this approach.
Problems and hopes perceived by mothers, fathers and physicians of children receiving palliative care
Authors: Hill Douglas L. , Miller Victoria A. , Hexem Kari R. , Carroll Karen W. , Faerber Jennifer A. , Kang Tammy , Feudtner Chris 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe quality of shared decision making for children with serious illness may depend on whether parents and physicians share similar perceptions of problems and hopes for the child.Objective(i) Describe the problems and hopes reported by mothers, fathers and physicians of children receiving palliative care; (ii) examine the observed concordance between participants; (iii) examine parental perceived agreement; and (iv) examine whether parents who identified specific problems also specified corresponding hopes, or whether the problems were left ‘hopeless’.MethodSeventy‐one parents and 43 physicians were asked to report problems and hopes and perceived agreement for 50 children receiving palliative care. Problems and hopes were classified into eight domains. Observed concordance was calculated between parents and between each parent and the physicians.ResultsThe most common problem domains were physical body (88%), quality of life (74%) and medical knowledge (48%). The most common hope domains were quality of life (88%), suffering (76%) and physical body (39%). Overall parental dyads demonstrated a high percentage of concordance (82%) regarding reported problem domains and a lower percentage of concordance on hopes (65%). Concordance between parents and physicians regarding specific children was lower on problem (65–66%) and hope domains (59–63%). Respondents who identified problems regarding a child's quality of life or suffering were likely to also report corresponding hopes in these domains (93 and 82%, respectively).ConclusionAsking parents and physicians to talk about problems and hopes may provide a straightforward means to improve the quality of shared decision making for critically ill children.
Oesophageal hyperkeratosis: clinicopathological associations
Authors: Taggart Melissa W , Rashid Asif , Ross William A , Abraham Susan C 
Published: May 2013

AimsOesophageal hyperkeratosis is rarely described. In contrast to hyperkeratosis of orolaryngeal mucosa, where its risk factors and association with squamous neoplasia are well‐studied, the prevalence and clinicopathological features of oesophageal hyperkeratosis are unknown.Methods and resultsWe reviewed prospectively 1845 oesophageal biopsies and found hyperkeratosis in 37 (2.0%). Among 98 patients studied, hyperkeratosis occurred in two distinct settings: group 1 [within Barrett's oesophagus (BO)/adenocarcinoma, n = 61, 62%] and group 2 (outside BO/adenocarcinoma, n = 37, 38%). In contrast to group 1, hyperkeratosis in group 2 was more often multifocal (>3 foci in 51% versus 16%, P = 0.0001), involved mid‐oesophagus (51% versus 2%, P < 0.0001), showed endoscopic leucoplakia (24% versus 3%, P = 0.003) and involved current/former alcohol users (51% versus 19%, P = 0.0012). Importantly, invasive squamous carcinoma and squamous dysplasia were seen only in group 2 (47% and 19% versus 0%, P < 0.0001). Further, 42% of group 2, but none of group 1, had benign or malignant squamous lesions of the oral cavity/larynx (P < 0.0001).ConclusionHyperkeratosis involves ~2% of oesophageal biopsies and can be divided into cases occurring within BO/adenocarcinoma and those occurring outside BO/adenocarcinoma. The former lack clinical significance, whereas the latter are associated frequently with oesophageal squamous neoplasia and squamous pathology of the head and neck region.
What are the key endodontic factors associated with oral health–related quality of life?
Authors: Liu P. , McGrath C. , Cheung G. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAimTo determine the associations between endodontic factors and oral health–related quality of life (OHQoL), controlling for socio‐demographics, pain and other oral health clinical factors.MethodologyOHQoL assessments were conducted amongst a consecutive sample of 412 Chinese patients requiring endodontic treatment employing the short‐form Oral Heath Impact Profile (OHIP‐14). Information on (i) number of teeth requiring endodontic treatment, (ii) tooth type, (iii) retreatment requirements, (iv) periapical radiolucency assessment and (v) diagnostic classification was obtained. In addition, socio‐demographic information (age, gender, educational attainment and family income), pain ratings on a visual analogue scale (VAS) and other clinical oral health status information were collected.ResultsBivariate analyses identified association between number of teeth requiring endodontic treatment and summary OHIP‐14 score (P < 0.01) and four of its seven domain scores (P < 0.05). Need for endodontic retreatment was associated with summary OHIP‐14 score (P < 0.05) and two of its seven domain scores (P < 0.05). In regression analyses having controlled for socio‐demographics, other clinical factors and pain rating amongst 15 confounding variables, patients requiring endodontic treatment for multiple teeth were more than twice as likely to have poor OHQoL (upper quintile OHIP‐14 scores) compared with those requiring endodontic treatment for a single tooth (OR = 2.16, 95% CI 1.17, 3.98, P < 0.05). Pain VAS rating and age also emerged as significant factors associated with poor OHQoL in the regression analysis.ConclusionOHQoL is compromised amongst patients requiring endodontic treatment. Number of teeth requiring endodontic treatment is associated with poor OHQoL, controlling for socio‐demographic and other oral health clinical and pain factors.
Lycopene (Z) – isomers enrichment and separation
Authors: Kessy Honest N. , Zhang Lianfu , Zhang Huanwei 
Published: May 2013

Summary(All‐E)‐ Lycopene undergoes geometrical isomerisation into (Z)‐lycopene isomers with thermal treatment. Influence of three isomerisation methods including ethyl acetate reflux, microwave‐assisted reflux and ultrasound/microwave‐assisted reflux, and isolation of (all‐E)‐lycopene from other carotenoids and (Z) lycopene isomers through selective inclusion by deoxycholic acid (3α, 12α dihydroxy‐5βcolan‐24‐oic‐acid, DCA) were investigated. The results showed that microwave and ultrasound/microwave‐assisted reflux were not significantly different at P < 0.05, but both were significantly different (P < 0.05) over refluxing in ethyl acetate, proportion of (Z)‐lycopene isomers reached 54% after refluxing for 5 h. Heterogeneous mixture of isomerised tomato oleoresin containing 54% (Z)‐lycopene isomers and 40% (all‐E)‐lycopene and deoxycholic acid in dichloromethane was incubated at 25 °C for 2 h. Then, the mixture was filtered and from the filtrate 96.6% (Z)‐isomers enriched lycopene was obtained. The processes can be used in the production of enriched (Z)‐lycopene isomers for food supplements and functional food industry as a natural bioactive ingredient.
Soft starchy candy as a food model to study the relationship between sensory and selected physicochemical properties
Authors: Jangchud Kamolwan , Jangchud Anuvat , Prinyawiwatkul Witoon 
Published: May 2013

SummarySoft starchy candy is a dessert with unique characteristics of thin sugar crust, soft internal texture and coconut milk flavour. Eight commercial samples were selected to represent commercially available products. Sensory liking were evaluated and analysed by preference mapping techniques. A lexicon consisting of 17 attributes was developed by a trained descriptive panel. Principal component analysis yielded four dimensions with 95.04% total variance explained. The product, having the highest liking scores in most of the sensory attributes evaluated, contained moisture and fat contents of 17.77% and 16.32%, respectively, which affected its aroma, flavour and texture. A significant relationship between sensory liking and some descriptive analysis attributes was observed. Sensory characteristics influencing overall liking were ‘coconut milk’ and ‘scented candle’ aroma and flavour, ‘hardness’ and ‘crust hardness’. This study revealed selected chemical composition and critical sensory attributes of soft starchy candy products that would help manufacturers develop acceptable products.
Extractability of antioxidants from legume seed flour after cooking and in vitro gastrointestinal digestion in comparison with methanolic extraction of the unprocessed flour
Authors: Stanisavljević Nemanja , Jovanović Živko , Čupić Tihomir , Lukić Jovanka , Miljuš Đukić Jovanka , Radović Svetlana , Mikić Aleksandar 
Published: May 2013

SummaryAntioxidant activities were studied in methanolic and water extracts of nonprocessed, cooked and in vitro enzymatically digested seed flour, as well as in total protein hydrolysates and small peptide fractions (<3 and <10 kDa) of three pea and five grass pea cultivars. The antioxidative properties were determined by three spectrophotometric methods: 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, Folin‐Ciocalteu (FC) reducing capacity assay and H2O2 scavenging. We also applied one luminometric assay for hydroxyl radical scavenging. The study showed that cooking and enzymatic digestion strongly enhanced the release of phenolic compounds in methanolic extracts of four analysed cultivars. Scavenging activity against DPPH radical, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide was increased in majority of analysed flour specimens subjected to processing. Our findings indicate that, besides the phenolic compounds, the small peptide fraction, especially the MW <3 kDa, in methanolic and aqueous extracts of cooked and digested seed flour significantly contribute to free radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity in all investigated cultivars. Our data strongly suggest that simple cooking treatment and in vitro digestion of seed flour applied prior to extraction with methanol could improve antioxidative activity of obtained extracts.
Quality attributes and firming kinetics of partially baked frozen wholewheat bread with sourdough
Authors: Novotni Dubravka , Čukelj Nikolina , Smerdel Bojana , Ćurić Duška 
Published: May 2013

SummaryPartially baked frozen (PBF) process prolongs bread shelf life, but diminishes its volume and crumb texture. Therefore, we investigated the possibility of using sourdough for the quality improvement in PBF wholewheat bread. Sourdough was fermented with either Lactobacillus plantarum, Lb. brevis or Leuconostoc mesenteroides mixed with yeast Candida humilis and added at 7.5, 15, 22.5 or 30% on bread dough basis. The choice of sourdough starter significantly affected bread acidity characteristics, flavour, specific volume, shape and crumb firmness. The sourdough amount and acetic acid content of bread inversely correlated to flavour score, specific volume, shape and crumb softness. The overall quality of PBF wholewheat bread was most efficiently improved after adding Lb. plantarum sourdough at 15–22.5%, resulting in retarded firming rate (74–94%) and improved specific volume (25–28%) in comparison with PBF bread without sourdough. Such sourdough has lactic to acetic acid higher than previously recommended for traditional sourbreads.
Characteristics and antioxidant activity of leaf essential oil–incorporated fish gelatin films as affected by surfactants
Authors: Tongnuanchan Phakawat , Benjakul Soottawat , Prodpran Thummanoon 
Published: May 2013

SummaryCharacteristics of film from fish skin gelatin incorporated with four leaf essential oils (lemongrass, basil, citronella and kaffir lime), as influenced by different surfactants (Tween‐20, Tween‐80 and soy lecithin), were investigated. Films incorporated with all essential oils had lower tensile strength with higher elongation at break and thickness, compared with control film (P < 0.05). Films added with Tween‐20 showed higher TS, compared with those containing other surfactants (P < 0.05). Water vapour permeability of films incorporated with all essential oils markedly decreased in comparison with control (P < 0.05). Films generally became darker and more yellowness, when incorporated with essential oils. Film containing basil essential oil had the highest DPPH radical– and ABTS radical–scavenging activities, compared with those added with other essential oils. Higher antioxidative activity was obtained in films containing essential oils when soy lecithin was used as surfactant, probably due to the combined effect of both constituents.
Non-response in a pharmacy and patient-based intensive monitoring system: a quantitative study on non-response bias and reasons for non-response
Authors: Härmark Linda V D , Huls Harmen J , de Gier J J (Han) , van Grootheest A C (Kees) 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Objective
Worldwide pharmacists play an increasingly important role in pharmacovigilance. Lareb Intensive Monitoring (LIM) in the Netherlands is a new form of active pharmacovigilance where pharmacists play a key role. Patients using drugs which are monitored are identified in the pharmacy and invited to participate in the active monitoring. Not all invited patients participate. This study aimed to investigate non-response bias in LIM, as well as reasons for non-response in order to identify barriers to participation.

Methods
The study population consisted of patients who received a first dispensation of an antidiabetic drug monitored with LIM between 1 July 2010 and 28 February 2011. Possible non-response bias was investigated by comparing age, gender and the number of drugs used as co-medication. Reasons for non-response were investigated using a postal questionnaire.

Key findings
Respondents were on average 4.5 years younger than non-respondents and used less co-medication. There were no differences regarding gender. The main reason for non-response was that information in the pharmacy was lacking.

Conclusion
Differences between respondents and non-respondents should be taken into account when analysing and generalising data collected through LIM, as this might contribute to non-response bias. The relatively high response to the postal questionnaire, together with the answers about reasons for non-response, show that patients are willing to participate in a web-based intensive monitoring system, when they are informed and invited in the pharmacy.
Screening for major diseases in community pharmacies: a systematic review†
Authors: Ayorinde Abimbola Adebukola , Porteous Terry , Sharma Pawana 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this systematic review was to assess the published evidence about the feasibility and acceptability of community pharmacy-based screening for major diseases.MethodStudies published between January 1990 and August 2012 involving community pharmacy-based screening interventions, published in the English language, were identified from electronic databases. Reference lists of included studies were also searched.Key findingsFifty studies (one randomised controlled trial, two cluster randomised studies, five non-randomised comparative studies and 42 uncontrolled studies) were included. The quality of most of these was assessed as poor. Screening was mostly opportunistic and screening tools included questionnaires or risk assessment forms, medical equipment to make physiological measurements, or a combination of both. Few studies assessed the accuracy of pharmacy-based screening tools. More than half of the screening interventions included an element of patient education. The proportion of screened individuals, identified with disease risk factors or the disease itself, ranged from 4% to 89%. Only 10 studies reported any economic information. Where assessed, patient satisfaction with pharmacy-based screening was high, but individuals who screened positive often did not follow pharmacist advice to seek further medical help.ConclusionAvailable evidence suggests that screening for some diseases in community pharmacies is feasible. More studies are needed to compare effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of pharmacy-based screening with screening by other providers. Strategies to improve screening participants' adherence to pharmacist advice also need to be explored. This systematic review will help to inform future studies wishing to develop community pharmacy-based screening interventions.
Noncanonical expression of caudal during early embryogenesis in the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum: maternal cad‐driven posterior development is not conserved
Authors: Chang C‐c. , Hsiao Y‐m. , Huang T‐Y. , Cook C. E. , Shigenobu S. , Chang T‐H. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractPreviously we identified anterior localization of hunchback (Aphb) mRNA in oocytes and early embryos of the parthenogenetic and viviparous pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum, suggesting that the breaking of anterior asymmetry in the oocytes leads to the formation of the anterior axis in embryos. In order to study posterior development in the asexual pea aphid, we cloned and analysed the developmental expression of caudal (Apcad), a posterior gene highly conserved in many animal phyla. We found that transcripts of Apcad were not detected in germaria, oocytes and embryos prior to the formation of the blastoderm in the asexual (viviparous) pea aphid. This unusual expression pattern differs from that of the existing insect models, including long‐ and short‐germ insects, where maternal cad mRNA is passed to the early embryos and forms a posterior–anterior gradient. The first detectable Apcad expression occurred in the newly formed primordial germ cells and their adjacent blastodermal cells during late blastulation. From gastrulation onward, and as in other insects, Apcad mRNA is restricted to the posteriormost region of the germ band. Similarly, in the sexual (oviparous) oocytes we were able to identify anterior localization of Aphb mRNA but posterior localization of Apcad was not detected. This suggests that cad‐driven posterior development is not conserved during early embryogenesis in asexual and sexual pea aphids.
Measuring the impacts of seclusion on psychiatry inpatients and the effectiveness of a pilot single‐session post‐seclusion counselling intervention
Authors: Whitecross Fiona , Seeary Amy , Lee Stuart 
Published: May 2013

AbstractDespite the accumulation of evidence demonstrating patients' accounts of trauma associated with seclusion, the use of evidence‐based post‐seclusion debriefing is not apparent in the published work. This study aimed to identify the impacts seclusion has on an individual using the Impact of Events – Revised (IES‐R), a standardized and widely used measure of trauma symptoms, and measure the effectiveness of a post‐seclusion counselling intervention in mitigating the experience of seclusion‐related trauma and reducing time spent in seclusion. The study design involved a comparison of the seclusion‐related trauma and time in seclusion that was experienced by consenting patients managed on the two inpatient wards of Alfred Psychiatry. To investigate the efficacy of post‐seclusion counselling to reduce event‐related trauma as well as the use of seclusion, a brief single‐session intervention was piloted comparing outcomes for patients treated on a ward implementing semistructured post‐seclusion counselling and patients treated on a ward continuing with post‐seclusion support as usual. A total of 31 patients consented to participate, with approximately 47% reporting trauma symptoms consistent with ‘probable post‐traumatic stress disorder’ (IES‐R total score, >33), although there was no difference in trauma experience between groups. Significantly fewer hours were spent in seclusion for patients treated on the ward piloting the post‐seclusion counselling intervention. Findings, therefore, highlight not only the potential for significant trauma stemming from a seclusion event, but also the capacity for the implementation of such interventions as post‐seclusion counselling to raise awareness of the need to minimize time spent in seclusion for patients.
Transfer of labour‐management partnership in multinational companies
Authors: Rolfsen Monica 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThere has been a growing interest in how multinational corporations transfer various management practices from one country to another. The positions vary from an extreme where all practices will become globally standardised; to claims that the local context will be a decisive factor. In this article, the research question is why anMNCwould want to transfer the partnership practice and what the key elements to success might be. As pointed to, partnership is a part of the company's business system, the way they are used to operating. Also important is that the risk of failing in terms of technological issues was important, and thus commitment and cooperation are crucial. Success can be understood by their effort to reduce the institutional distance as much as possible, including the choice of location, hiring policy emphasis on education and training, the strategy of building strong connections to the senior shop steward.
Meeting the Health‐care Needs of the Rural Elderly: The Unique Role of Village Doctors
Authors: Babiarz Kimberly Singer , Yi Hongmei , Luo Renfu 
Published: May 2013

AbstractDespite their recent deterioration, village clinics have historically been an important source of health care for the poor and elderly in rural China. In this paper, we examine the current role of village clinics, the patients who use them and some of the services they provide. We focus specifically on the role of village clinics in meeting the health‐care needs of the rural poor and elderly. We find that although clinics are continuing to decline financially, they remain a source of care for the rural elderly and poor. We estimate that the elderly are 10–15 percent more likely than young individuals to seek care at a clinic. We show that clinics provide many unique services to support the rural elderly (and the elderly poor), such as in‐home patient care, the option for patients to pay on credit, and free and discounted services.