bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extracapsular Invasion of Sentinel Lymph Nodes Is Not Associated With Disease Recurrence in Breast Cancer
Authors: Fujii Takaaki , Yajima Reina , Yamaguchi Satoru , Yanagita Yasuhiro , Fujisawa Tomomi , Hirakata Tomoko , Tsutsumi Soichi , Asao Takayuki , Iijima Misa , Kuwano Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the presence of extracapsular invasion (ECI) in positive sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) as a predictor of disease recurrence in breast cancer. SLN biopsy was performed on 318 breasts of 316 breast cancer patients, of which 50 (15.7%) had positive SLNs. Six (12.0%) of these 50 cases had disease recurrence. The clinicopathologic features of these cases were reviewed. The ECI at SLNs was not significantly associated with disease recurrence. The recurrence-free interval by Kaplan-Meier curves did not differ significantly among patients with and without ECI at SLNs. On the other hand, metastasis at non-SLNs was observed in 12 cases (24.0%) among the 50 cases with positive SLNs, and in the non-SLN metastasis group there were 7 patients with ECI at non-SLNs. Three of 7 cases with ECI at non-SLNs had disease recurrence and none of those 5 without ECI at non-SLNs had disease recurrence. Our current study suggests that the presence of ECI at metastatic SLNs is not associated with recurrent disease in breast cancer. Our results also imply that patients with ECI at positive non-SLNs have a high risk of disease recurrence.
Application of Split Gluteus Maximus Muscle–Adipofascial Turnover Flap and Subcutaneous Tension-Reducing Suture Technique in Repair of Decubitus Ulcers
Authors: Weizhong Liang , Zheng Zhou , Zuojun Zhao 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to study the clinical effect of split gluteus maximus muscle–adipofascial turnover flap and tension-reducing suture in the treatment of decubitus ulcers. Thirty-one cases of sacrococcygeal decubitus ulcers were repaired by split gluteus maximus muscle–adipofascial turnover flap. The surface of flaps ranged from 5 × 6 cm to 7 × 8 cm. The skin was then closed, primarily using subcutaneous tension-reducing suture. Eighty-eight percent of the flaps (27 of 31) healed primarily. The split gluteus maximus muscle–adipofascial turnover flap and tension-reducing suture technique was found to be a highly efficient method of repairing decubitus ulcers with a relatively low ratio of recurrence.
Effects of Breast Reduction on Pulmonary Function
Authors: Kececi Yavuz , Dagistan Seyhan 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Macromastia causes several health problems, and reduction surgery alleviates them successfully. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether reduction mammaplasty improves possible impairments on pulmonary functions related to macromastia. Thirty-one patients participated in the study. Pulmonary function tests were performed before and 3 months after surgery with a spirometry. Preoperative and postoperative pulmonary function values were compared using a paired t test. Two patients were found to have mild restriction in preoperative spirometric analysis, and they went to normal range in postoperative analysis. All other patients were assessed as having normal values in both preoperative and postoperative analyses. Preoperative and postoperative forced vital capacity values were 2.72 ± 0.06 and 2.79 ± 0.05 L, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (paired t test, P = 0.014). The other parameter in which breast reduction had statistically significant improvement was forced vital capacity performed/predicted ratio (paired t test, P = 0.041). Additionally, the weight of resected breast tissue correlated significantly with the change of forced vital capacity (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.379, P = 0.036). Breast reduction surgery improves the pulmonary function parameters that are mainly influenced by restrictive states. This result led us to consider that macromastia causes a relative restriction in chest wall compliance, and reduction of breast weight may enhance chest wall compliance and improve pulmonary function.
Scalp Metastasis as the First Sign of Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Management and Literature Review
Authors: Salemis Nikolaos S. , Veloudis Georgios , Spiliopoulos Kyriakos , Nakos Georgios , Vrizidis Nikolaos , Gourgiotis Stavros 
Published: July 2014

AbstractCutaneous metastasis from primary visceral malignancy is a relatively uncommon clinical entity, with a reported incidence ranging from 0.22% to 10% among various series. However, the presence of cutaneous metastasis as the first sign of a clinically silent visceral cancer is exceedingly rare. We describe here a case of an asymptomatic male patient who presented with a solitary scalp metastasis as the initial manifestation of an underlying small-cell lung cancer. Diagnostic evaluation revealed advanced disease. We conclude that the possibility of metastatic skin disease should always be considered in the differential diagnosis in patients with a history of smoking or lung cancer presenting with cutaneous nodules. Physicians should be aware of this rare clinical entity, and appropriate investigation should be arranged for early diagnosis and initiation of the appropriate treatment. The prognosis for most patients remains poor.
A Large Retroperitoneal Malignant Solitary Fibrous Tumor
Authors: Yoh Tomoaki , Sata Ritsuko , Kobayashi Atsushi , Wada Seidai , Nakamura Yuya , Kato Tatsushi , Nakayama Hiroyuki , Okamura Ryuji 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
We report on a large, retroperitoneal, malignant, solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) with high proliferation activity. A 43-year-old man was admitted to our department complaining of a palpable mass. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a large retroperitoneal tumor occupying the entire abdominal cavity. A laparotomy was performed for diagnosis and treatment, which revealed a tumor in the retroperitoneum but with no invasion to the surrounding organs, thereby allowing safe macroscopic excision. Histologically, the tumor was composed of spindle-shaped cells with patternless pattern and a hemangiopericytomatous appearance. Moreover, immunohistochemical staining was positive for CD34, vimentin, Bcl-2, and CD99 and negative for desmin, S-100p, and smooth muscle actin (AMA). The tumor exhibited high cellularity, moderate mitotic activity, pleomorphism, necrosis, and hemorrhagic changes. In addition, the Ki-67 labeling index was 37%. These findings confirmed the diagnosis of malignant SFT with high proliferation activity. Subsequently, adjuvant doxorubicin plus ifosfamide chemotherapy was performed. No signs of recurrence were observed 12 months after the surgery.
Recurrent Cholangitis by Biliary Stasis Due to Non-Obstructive Afferent Loop Syndrome After Pylorus-Preserving Pancreatoduodenectomy: Report of a Case
Authors: Sanada Yukihiro , Yamada Naoya , Taguchi Masanobu , Morishima Kazue , Kasahara Naoya , Kaneda Yuji , Miki Atsushi , Ishiguro Yasunao , Kurogochi Akira , Endo Kazuhiro , Koizumi Masaru , Sasanuma Hideki , Fujiwara Takehito , Sakuma Yasunaru , Shimizu Atsushi , Hyodo Masanobu , Sata Naohiro , Yasuda Yoshikazu 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe report a 71-year-old man who had undergone pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPD) using PPPD-IV reconstruction for cholangiocarcinoma. For 6 years thereafter, he had suffered recurrent cholangitis, and also a right liver abscess (S5/8), which required percutaneous drainage at 9 years after PPPD. At 16 years after PPPD, he had been admitted to the other hospital because of acute purulent cholangitis. Although medical treatment resolved the cholangitis, the patient was referred to our hospital because of dilatation of the intrahepatic biliary duct (B2). Peroral double-balloon enteroscopy revealed that the diameter of the hepaticojejunostomy anastomosis was 12 mm, and cholangiography detected intrahepatic stones. Lithotripsy was performed using a basket catheter. At 1 year after lithotripsy procedure, the patient is doing well. Hepatobiliary scintigraphy at 60 minutes after intravenous injection demonstrated that deposit of the tracer still remained in the upper afferent loop jejunum. Therefore, we considered that the recurrent cholangitis, liver abscess, and intrahepatic lithiasis have been caused by biliary stasis due to nonobstructive afferent loop syndrome. Biliary retention due to nonobstructive afferent loop syndrome may cause recurrent cholangitis or liver abscess after hepaticojejunostomy, and double-balloon enteroscopy and hepatobiliary scintigraphy are useful for the diagnosis of nonobstructive afferent loop syndrome.
Salvage Lymphadenectomy for Recurrent Esophageal Cancer After Chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Nakajima Masanobu , Domeki Yasushi , Satomura Hitoshi , Takahashi Masakazu , Sugawara Akira , Muroi Hiroto , Sasaki Kinro , Yamaguchi Satoru , Miyazaki Tatsuya , Kuwano Hiroyuki , Kato Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Although salvage esophagectomies are widely performed, reports on salvage lymphadenectomy (SL) are few. We review our SL cases to clarify the indications. Fifty-five patients with esophageal cancer underwent chemoradiotherapy or radiotherapy, including 3 patients with single lymph node (LN) recurrences and one with allochronic double cervical node recurrence. Our department removed 5 recurrent LNs from these 4 patients. In Case 1, right supraclavicular LN was judged to be metastatic and R0 resection was carried out; he is alive without recurrence. In Case 2, we found, allochronically, metastases in his left cervical paraesophageal LN and left supraclavicular LN; residual tumors were R1 in both lesions. He is alive despite esophageal recurrence. In Case 3, a lymphadenectomy was performed on his thoracic para-aortic LN; however, tumor was removed incompletely, and he died 4 months after SL from disease progression. In Case 4, a subcarinal LN was thought to be metastatic, and was removed but no malignant tissues detected. He died 17 months after SL from pneumonia. Our experiences suggest that some patients survive relatively long with SL. Moreover, molecular examination of resected lesions could guide subsequent therapies. SL might be more widely used for these patients if not otherwise contraindicated.
Lobar Lung Resection in Elderly Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma: Impact of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease on Surgical Outcome
Authors: Senbaklavaci O. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on the perioperative morbidity and mortality after lobar lung resection for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in patients aged 70 years and older. The medical records of 73 patients ≥70 years who underwent lobar lung resection for NSCLC from 2003 to 2013 at our department were reviewed retrospectively. There were 27 patients with a mean age of 73.6 years and mean predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) of 69.7% in the COPD group whereas remaining 46 patients (mean age = 75.6 years) in the non-COPD group had a mean predicted FEV1 of 79.1%. There were no significant differences in perioperative morbidity (4.8% in the COPD group versus 17.4% in the non-COPD group) between both groups. We had no perioperative mortality in both groups. Lobar lung resection for NSCLC seems to be a safe therapy option for elderly patients with COPD who are fulfilling the common functional criteria of operability so that radical surgery should remain the mainstay of treatment for early-stage NSCLC in this increasing subpopulation.
Evaluating climate model performance in the tropics with retrievals of water isotopic composition from Aura TES
Authors: Field Robert D. , Kim Daehyun , LeGrande Allegra N. , Worden John , Kelley Maxwell , Schmidt Gavin A. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe evaluate the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies ModelE2 general circulation model over the tropics against water isotope (HDO/H2O) retrievals from the Aura Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer. Observed isotopic distributions are distinct from other observable quantities and can therefore act as an independent constraint. We perform a small ensemble of simulations with physics perturbations to the cumulus and planetary boundary layer schemes. We examine the degree to which model‐data agreement could be used to constrain a select group of internal processes in the model, namely, condensate evaporation, entrainment strength, and updraft mass flux. All are difficult to parameterize but exert strong influence over model performance. We find that the water isotope composition is more sensitive to physics changes than precipitation, temperature, or relative humidity in the lower and upper tropical tropospheres. Among the processes considered, this is most closely, and fairly exclusively, related to midtropospheric entrainment strength. Our study indicates that water isotope observations could provide useful constraints on model parameterizations.
Long‐term sea level trends: Natural or anthropogenic?
Authors: Becker M. , Karpytchev M. , Lennartz‐Sassinek S. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractDetection and attribution of human influence on sea level rise are important topics that have not yet been explored in depth. We question whether the sea level changes (SLC) over the past century were natural in origin. SLC exhibit power law long‐term correlations. By estimating Hurst exponent through Detrended Fluctuation Analysis and by applying statistics of Lennartz and Bunde [2009], we search the lower bounds of statistically significant external sea level trends in longest tidal records worldwide. We provide statistical evidences that the observed SLC, at global and regional scales, is beyond its natural internal variability. The minimum anthropogenic sea level trend (MASLT) contributes to the observed sea level rise more than 50% in New York, Baltimore, San Diego, Marseille, and Mumbai. A MASLT is about 1 mm/yr in global sea level reconstructions that is more than half of the total observed sea level trend during the XXth century.
Evaluation of AERONET precipitable water vapor versus microwave radiometry, GPS, and radiosondes at ARM sites
Authors: Pérez‐Ramírez Daniel , Whiteman David N. , Smirnov Alexander , Lyamani Hassan , Holben Brent N. , Pinker Rachel , Andrade Marcos , Alados‐Arboledas Lucas 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn this paper we present comparisons of Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) precipitable water vapor (W) retrievals from Sun photometers versus radiosonde observations and other ground‐based retrieval techniques such as microwave radiometry (MWR) and GPS. The comparisons make use of the extensive measurements made within the U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM), mainly at their permanent sites located at the Southern Great Plains (Oklahoma, U.S.), Nauru Islands, and Barrow (Alaska, U.S.). These places experience different types of weather which allows the comparison of W under different conditions. Radiosonde and microwave radiometry data were provided by the ARM program while the GPS data were obtained from the SOUMINET network. In general, W obtained by AERONET is lower than those obtained by MWR and GPS by ~6.0–9.0% and ~6.0–8.0%, respectively. The AERONET values are also lower by approximately 5% than those obtained from the numerous balloon‐borne radiosondes launched at the Southern Great Plains. These results point toward a consistent dry bias in the retrievals of W by AERONET of approximately 5–6% and a total estimated uncertainty of 12–15%. Differences with respect to MWR retrievals are a function of solar zenith angle pointing toward a possible bias in the MWR retrievals. Finally, the ability of AERONET precipitable water vapor retrievals to provide long‐term records of W in diverse climate regimes is demonstrated.
Immunomodulatory activity of interferon‐beta
Authors: Kasper Lloyd H. , Reder Anthony T. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex disorder of the central nervous system that appears to be driven by a shift in immune functioning toward excess inflammation that results in demyelination and axonal loss. Beta interferons were the first class of disease‐modifying therapies to be approved for patients with MS after treatment with this type I interferon improved the course of MS on both clinical and radiological measures in clinical trials. The mechanism of action of interferon‐beta appears to be driven by influencing the immune system at many levels, including antigen‐presenting cells, T cells, and B cells. One effect of these interactions is to shift cytokine networks in favor of an anti‐inflammatory effect. The pleiotropic mechanism of action may be a critical factor in determining the efficacy of interferon‐beta in MS. This review will focus on select immunological mechanisms that are influenced by this type I cytokine.
Ethnic inequalities and sex differences in body mass index among tibet minorities in China: Implication for overweight and obesity risks
Authors: Zhao Dapeng , Li Yonglan , Zheng Lianbin 
Published: July 2014

ObjectivesIn the present study, we for the first time investigated overweight and obesity level among Tibet minorities (Deng, Lhoba, Monba) living in remote villages at the south slope of Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau, China. For each ethnicity, the total number of population is less than 10 thousands in China.MethodsAnthropometric measurements were conducted on adult participants of three ethnicities in Tibet, China. Totally, the whole sample consists of 141 males and 163 females. Body mass index (BMI) was adopted to evaluate the overweight and obesity level.ResultsWithin each ethnicity, there was no significant sex difference on BMI. The general prevalence of overweight and obesity level of Lhoba ethnicity (18.42%) is higher than that of Monba (17.65%) and Deng ethnicity (6.29%). For each sex, the distribution of BMI classification was found to be significantly associated with ethnicity identity.ConclusionOne possible reason for ethnic disparity among Tibet minorities in the present study is special dietary elements. Measures to prevent and cope with the problem of overweight and obesity among Tibet minorities are urgently required. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 26:856–858, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Use of Graphite as a Highly Reversible Electrode with Superior Cycle Life for Sodium‐Ion Batteries by Making Use of Co‐Intercalation Phenomena
Authors: Jache Birte , Adelhelm Philipp 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAlthough being the standard anode material in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), graphite so far is considered to fail application in sodium‐ion batteries (NIBs) because the Na‐C system lacks suitable binary intercalation compounds. Here we show that this limitation can be circumvented by using co‐intercalation phenomena in a diglyme‐based electrolyte. The resulting compound is a stage‐I ternary intercalation compound with an estimated stoichiometry of Na(diglyme)2C20. Highlights of the electrode reaction are its high energy efficiency, the small irreversible loss during the first cycle, and a superior cycle life with capacities close to 100 mAh g−1 for 1000 cycles and coulomb efficiencies >99.87 %. A one‐to‐one comparison with the analogue lithium‐based cell shows that the sodium‐based system performs better and also withstands higher currents.
A Nanospherical Ordered Mesoporous Lewis Acid Polymer for the Direct Glycosylation of Unprotected and Unactivated Sugars in Water
Authors: Zhang Fang , Liang Chao , Wu Xiaotao , Li Hexing 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe design of robust solid catalysts which can selectively synthesize highly functionalized carbohydrate derivatives from unprotected and unactivated simple sugars in water is an outstanding challenge. Herein we describe the preparation of a novel nanospherical ordered mesoporous Lewis acid polymer (Sc(OTf)2‐NSMP) by functionalizing the mesoporous phenol‐formaldehyde polymer framework with scandium triflate groups. In the C‐glycosylation reaction between D‐glucose and dimedone with the Sc(OTf)2‐NSMP catalyst, the conversion was 99 % and the yield of xanthone‐C‐glucoside reached 92 % after 2 days, which exceeded the previous best results. It was shown that other xanthone glycosides can be obtained from various sugars with moderate to good yields. Furthermore, the catalyst can be easily recovered and reused at least seven times without loss of catalytic activity.
Cell‐Penetrating, Dimeric α‐Helical Peptides: Nanomolar Inhibitors of HIV‐1 Transcription
Authors: Jang Sangmok , Hyun Soonsil , Kim Seoyeon , Lee Seonju , Lee Im‐Soon , Baba Masanori , Lee Yan , Yu Jaehoon 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe constructed dimeric α‐helical peptide bundles based on leucine (L) and lysine (K) residues for both efficient cell penetration and inhibition of the Tat–TAR interaction. The LK dimers can penetrate nearly quantitatively into eukaryotic cells and effectively inhibit the elongation of the TAR transcript at low nanomolar concentrations. The effective inhibition of HIV‐1 replication strongly suggests that the LK dimer has strong potential as an anti‐HIV‐1 drug.
Synthesis of Isocoumarins through Three‐Component Couplings of Arynes, Terminal Alkynes, and Carbon Dioxide Catalyzed by an NHC–Copper Complex
Authors: Yoo Woo‐Jin , Nguyen Thanh V. Q. , Kobayashi Shū 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA copper‐catalyzed multicomponent coupling reaction between in situ generated ortho‐arynes, terminal alkynes, and carbon dioxide was developed to access isocoumarins in moderate to good yields. The key to this CO2‐incorporating reaction was the use of a versatile N‐heterocyclic carbene/copper complex that was able to catalyze multiple transformations within the three‐component reaction.
An Easy Way To Prepare Monolithic Inorganic Oxide Aerogels
Authors: Ren Lili , Cui Sumin , Cao Fengchao , Guo Qinghui 
Published: July 2014

AbstractInorganic oxide aerogels have unique thermal, optical, electrical, magnetic, and chemical properties, which result in them potentially having a broad range of applications. However, their preparation is commonly based on a supercritical drying method, which greatly limits real applications of aerogels and their commercialization. Here we demonstrate a general method for drying wet gels to form aerogels that is based on the sublimation of organic solvent. The organic solvent must have a low surface tension, undergo sublimation easily, and have a high freezing point to allow the rapid synthesis of monolithic inorganic oxide aerogels under vacuum conditions. This cost‐effective process will facilitate application of aerogel materials. This approach may also be used for the preparation of other porous materials, whose theoretical and practical applications should be investigated.
Targeting Human C‐Type Lectin‐like Molecule‐1 (CLL1) with a Bispecific Antibody for Immunotherapy of Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Lu Hua , Zhou Quan , Deshmukh Vishal , Phull Hardeep , Ma Jennifer , Tardif Virginie , Naik Rahul R. , Bouvard Claire , Zhang Yong , Choi Seihyun , Lawson Brian R. , Zhu Shoutian , Kim Chan Hyuk , Schultz Peter G. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAcute myeloid leukemia (AML), which is the most common acute adult leukemia and the second most common pediatric leukemia, still has a poor prognosis. Human C‐type lectin‐like molecule‐1 (CLL1) is a recently identified myeloid lineage restricted cell surface marker, which is overexpressed in over 90 % of AML patient myeloid blasts and in leukemic stem cells. Here, we describe the synthesis of a novel bispecific antibody, αCLL1‐αCD3, using the genetically encoded unnatural amino acid, p‐acetylphenylalanine. The resulting αCLL1‐αCD3 recruits cytotoxic T cells to CLL1 positive cells, and demonstrates potent and selective cytotoxicity against several human AML cell lines and primary AML patient derived cells in vitro. Moreover, αCLL1‐αCD3 treatment completely eliminates established tumors in an U937 AML cell line xenograft model. These results validate the clinical potential of CLL1 as an AML‐specific antigen for the generation of a novel immunotherapeutic for AML.