bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High frequency noise of epitaxial graphene grown on sapphire
Authors: Ardaravicˇius L. , Liberis J. , Šermukšnis E. , Matulionis A. , Hwang J. , Kwak J. Y. , Campbell D. , Alsalman H. A. , Eastman L. F. , Spencer M. G. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractMicrowave noise technique is applied to study in‐plane electronic properties of epitaxial graphene grown on sapphire by chemical vapor deposition and subjected to high electric field applied in the plane. The noise spectrum is measured in the field direction at room temperature. While a 1/f1.25‐type dependence is observed in the 200 MHz–2.5 GHz band, a shot noise contribution is resolved at 10 GHz. The shot noise is possibly associated with hole jumps across the potential barriers located in the graphene layer. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effects of Picture Labeling on Science Text Processing and Learning: Evidence From Eye Movements
Authors: Mason Lucia , Pluchino Patrik , Tornatora Maria Caterina 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of reading a science text illustrated by either a labeled or unlabeled picture. Both the online process of reading the text and the offline conceptual learning from the text were examined. Eye‐tracking methodology was used to trace text and picture processing through indexes of first‐ and second‐pass reading or inspection. Fifty‐six sixth graders were randomly assigned to one of three reading conditions (text with a labeled illustration, text with an unlabeled illustration, or text only) in a pretest, immediate posttest, and delayed posttest design. Results showed no differences for factual knowledge as a function of reading condition. However, for the transfer of knowledge at both posttests, readers of the text with the labeled illustration outperformed readers in the other two conditions, who did not differentiate from each other. Eye‐fixation data showed that the labeled illustration promoted more integrative processing of the learning material, as revealed by the time spent refixating text segments while reinspecting the illustration. In addition, relations emerged between the indexes of integration of text and picture during online processing and the offline measures of factual knowledge and transfer of knowledge. Overall, in accordance with the theoretical assumptions of the multimedia principle, the study underlines the crucial role of integrative processing of words and graphics to sustain learning from illustrated text. Moreover, the study indicates that this integrative processing can be effectively supported by appropriate visual signaling.
A Spectrographically Grounded Scale for Evaluating Reading Expressiveness
Authors: Benjamin Rebekah George , Schwanenflugel Paula J. , Meisinger Elizabeth B. , Groff Carolyn , Kuhn Melanie R. , Steiner Lilly 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis study evaluated the validity of a new scale for assessing children's reading fluency skill called the Comprehensive Oral Reading Fluency Scale (CORFS). TheCORFSconsists of two subscales that capture key elements of the Kuhn, Schwanenflugel, and Meisinger (2010) definition of reading fluency: reading expression, reading rate, and accuracy. In study 1, the reading expression subscale was developed by examining spectrographically measured prosodic differences in the oral readings of children with varying fluency skill. Three experts independently rated the oral readings of 59 second‐grade children using theCORFS. Intraclass correlations among raters were strong for both reading expression, and reading rate and accuracy. Expression ratings correlated with all but one spectrographic indicator of reading prosody and highly with standardized assessments of reading fluency and comprehension. In study 2, the structure of the scale was replicated using spectrographic measures of the oral readings of 60 third‐grade children reading two new texts. Two experts independently rated these oral readings using a final version of the scale. Results were comparable to those of study 1. Together, these results support the validity of theCORFSas an assessment of reading fluency.
Reading Comprehension and Working Memory's Executive Processes: An Intervention Study in Primary School Students
Authors: García‐Madruga Juan A. , Elosúa María Rosa , Gil Laura , Gómez‐Veiga Isabel , Vila José Óscar , Orjales Isabel , Contreras Antonio , Rodríguez Raquel , Melero María Ángeles , Duque Gonzalo 
Published: April 2013

AbstractReading comprehension is a highly demanding task that involves the simultaneous process of extracting and constructing meaning in which working memory's executive processes play a crucial role. In this article, a training program on working memory's executive processes to improve reading comprehension is presented and empirically tested in two experiments with third‐grade primary school students. Experiment 1 showed a greater gain after training the experimental group in contrast to the control group in reading comprehension and intelligence. In experiment 2, we focused on the training processes and compared training results of high and low pretest reading comprehension groups. Results confirmed the increase in reading comprehension, intelligence, and executive processes and showed that the low group reached a greater gain in reading comprehension after training than the high group did. The results of these experiments and their limitations are discussed in the context of recent theories on the role of executive processes in reading comprehension and the possibility of training working memory and intelligence.
Effects of a Response‐Based, Tiered Framework for Intervening With Struggling Readers in Middle School
Authors: Roberts Greg , Vaughn Sharon , Fletcher Jack , Stuebing Karla , Barth Amy 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis study addressed the effects of multiyear, response‐based, tiered intervention for struggling readers in grades 6–8. A sample of 768 sixth‐grade students with reading difficulties was randomized to a response‐based, tiered‐intervention condition or “business as usual,” and initial treatment status was maintained over the three‐year study. To estimate the effect of treatment and to address questions about the acceleration of learning, a multiple‐indicator, multilevel growth model was fit, representing the likely trajectories of the group of students originally randomized (in the fall of sixth grade) to treatment. Three‐year trajectories were fit, with the results representing likely multiyear trends for the three groups. Treatment students, on average, outperformed business‐as‐usual students. The effect size based on the multiple‐indicator, multilevel model was .26. Treated students also outperformed the group of typical readers when achievement was characterized in terms of slope over time. However, a sizable gap remained between treated and typical students in the spring of eighth grade.
The number of Sidon sets and the maximum size of Sidon sets contained in a sparse random set of integers
Authors: Kohayakawa Yoshiharu , Lee Sang June , Rödl Vojtěch , Samotij Wojciech 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA set A of non‐negative integers is called a Sidon set if all the sums , with and a1, , are distinct. A well‐known problem on Sidon sets is the determination of the maximum possible size F(n) of a Sidon subset of . Results of Chowla, Erdős, Singer and Turán from the 1940s give that . We study Sidon subsets of sparse random sets of integers, replacing the ‘dense environment’ by a sparse, random subset R of , and ask how large a subset can be, if we require that S should be a Sidon set. Let be a random subset of of cardinality , with all the subsets of equiprobable. We investigate the random variable , where the maximum is taken over all Sidon subsets , and obtain quite precise information on for the whole range of m, as illustrated by the following abridged version of our results. Let be a fixed constant and suppose . We show that there is a constant such that, almost surely, we have . As it turns out, the function is a continuous, piecewise linear function of a that is non‐differentiable at two ‘critical’ points: a = 1/3 and a = 2/3. Somewhat surprisingly, between those two points, the function is constant.Our approach is based on estimating the number of Sidon sets of a given cardinality contained in [n]. Our estimates also directly address a problem raised by Cameron and Erdős (On the number of sets of integers with various properties, Number theory (Banff, AB, 1988), de Gruyter, Berlin, 1990, pp. 61–79). © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 46, 1–25, 2015
A novel approach to detection of mobile rogue access points
Authors: Kim Iluk , Seo Jungtaek , Shon Taeshik , Moon Jongsub 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTRogue access points (APs) have been used in several attacks such as packet sniffing and man‐in‐the‐middle attacks. It is becoming a serious security threat to users in public and enterprise networks. Moreover, it is easy to install malicious APs using mobile devices and networks, and existing solutions do not effectively detect these rogue APs. In this paper, we propose a method to detect rogue APs over mobile networks using round‐trip time measurements, without relying on information from authorized lists of APs or users. Through experiments, we proved that our proposed method could detect rogue APs successfully. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ermüdungsfestigkeitsnachweise für den Kranbau nach verschiedenen Regelwerken
Authors: Feldmann Markus , Eichler Björn , Schaffrath Simon , Stötzel Jörg 
Published: April 2013

AbstractDerzeit werden die Nachweise gegen Werkstoffermüdung in der Regel auf Grundlage von Nennspannungen mit zulässigen Spannungsschwingbreiten geführt, welche dann den in Wöhlerversuchen ermittelten Schädigungslinien gegenübergestellt werden. Die in den einschlägigen Normenwerken enthaltenden Kerbfallkataloge beruhen jedoch auf unterschiedlichen Sicherheitsbetrachtungen, so dass die ausgewiesenen Ermüdungsfestigkeiten der einzelnen Regelwerke nicht ohne weiteres vergleichbar sind. Am Beispiel der für den bauaufsichtlichen Bereich gültigen Normen (Eurocode 3, DIN 4132) und der maschinenbauspezifischen Normen (DIN 15018‐1, DIN EN 13001‐3‐1, FEM 1.001) werden die Grundprinzipien dieser Regelwerke gegenübergestellt und wesentliche Unterschiede aufgezeigt. Insbesondere ist hier die Sonderstellung der unlängst zurückgezogenen DIN 15018‐1 zu erwähnen, die zum einen maximal zulässige Spannungen und keine Doppelamplituden im Nachweisformat berücksichtigt und bei der die Ermüdungsbemessung unter expliziter Berücksichtigung der Mittelspannung durchgeführt wird. Die im Maschinenbau häufig herangezogenen Richtlinien des International Institute of Welding (IIW) und des Forschungskuratorium Maschinenbau e. V. (FKM) sind ebenfalls Gegenstand dieser Betrachtung.Fatigue assessment in crane construction according to various design standards. Currently, material fatigue assessment is based on nominal stresses using allowable stress ranges that are compared to damage lines that are determined by Wöhler fatigue tests. However, the detail categories of the various standards are based on different safety approaches. Thus the corresponding fatigue strength classes of the different rules are not fully comparable. Based on the standards related to the building authorities (Eurocode 3, DIN 4132) and the mechanical engineering specific standards (DIN 15018‐1, DIN EN 13001‐3‐1, FEM 1.001) the basic principles of these rules are demonstrated and relevant differences are pointed out. Note the exceptional position of the recently withdrawn DIN 15018‐1 that uses maximal allowable stresses and no double amplitudes in the verification concept and where the fatigue assessment is carried out by considering mean stresses explicitly. The guidelines of the IIW and the FKM, also frequently used in mechanical engineering, are covered in this reflection as well.
Die Anwendung hochfester Feinkornbaustähle im konstruktiven Ingenieurbau
Authors: Ummenhofer, Thomas , Spannaus Max , Steidl Gerhard , Hölbling Wolfram , Di Rosa Vanessa 
Published: April 2013

AbstractDurch die Verwendung hochfester Feinkornbaustähle können bei geeigneten Randbedingungen erhebliche finanzielle Vorteile und umweltschonende Effekte erzielt werden. Derzeit stehen Feinkornbaustähle mit Streckgrenzen bis etwa 1300 MPa zur Verfügung, die im Stahlbau mit den bewährten Vorgehen bei Bemessung und Verarbeitung, beim Betrieb und Rückbau sowie beim Recycling wirtschaftlich eingesetzt werden können. Sie eröffnen neue Möglichkeiten zur Herstellung hoch beanspruchbarer Strukturen mit relativ geringem Gewicht. Tragwerke aus Stahl mit Streckgrenzen bis 700 MPa können auf der Grundlage des Eurocode 3 (EN 1993‐1 und EN 1090) definierten Stand der Technik genutzt werden. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden neben typischen Anwendungsbeispielen Hinweise zur Anwendung der hochfesten Feinkornbaustähle und Nachhaltigkeitsaspekte aufgezeigt.The application of fine‐grained structural steels in civil engineering. Substantially financial benefits and environmentally friendly effects can be achieved when using high‐strength fine‐grained structural steels in an appropriate constructive design. In steel construction, fine‐grained structural steels with yield strength up to 1300 MPa are presently available, that can be used with the traditional methods of steel construction for assessment, processing, operation, deconstruction and disposal. They open up new possibilities to manufacture extremely stress‐resistant structures with a comparatively low weight. Steel structures with yield strength up to 700 MPa can be used on the basis of the current state of the art as described in the national technical approvals of Eurocode 3 (EN 1993‐1 and EN 1090) through building control authorities. In addition to some typical examples of application, considerations for the application of extremely stress‐resistant fine‐grained structural steels and aspects of sustainability will be shown.
Erhöhung der Lebensdauer geschweißter Bauteile durch Einsatz höherfrequenter Hämmerverfahren
Authors: Telljohann Gerd , Grave Markus , Neher Michael 
Published: April 2013

AbstractDie Lebensdauerverlängerung bestehender Stahlkonstruktionen sowie die Entwicklung gewichtsoptimierter Neukonstruktionen gewinnen ökonomisch und ökologisch zunehmend an Bedeutung. Unter Ermüdungsbeanspruchung wird die Betriebsfestigkeit und Lebensdauer geschweißter Stahlkonstruktionen in vielen Fällen durch die Schweißnähte limitiert. Die gezielte Nachbehandlung der Übergänge durch Schleifen, Strahlen oder Hämmern kann die Lebensdauer oftmals erheblich steigern. Wie eine Vielzahl von aktuellen nationalen und internationalen Forschungsergebnissen ([1] bis [16]) und Anwendungsfälle in der Praxis zeigen, stellen Schweißnahtnachbehandlungen mittels hochfrequentem Hämmern eine geeignete Maßnahme zur Verlängerung der Restlebensdauer bestehender Anlagen sowie zur Steigerung der Ermüdungsfestigkeit neuer Konstruktionen dar. Das High‐Frequency‐Impact‐Treatment (HiFIT)‐Verfahren ist ein solches hochfrequentes Hämmerverfahren.Increase of the fatigue life of welded components by application of high frequency peening procedures. The extension of fatigue life of existing steel structures as well as the development of weight‐optimized designs of new structures gain in importance with regard to economy and ecology. In many cases, the strength and lifetime of steel structures is limited by the welds under fatigue stress. The systematic post‐weld‐treatment of the transitions by grinding, blasting or peening is sufficient to improve the fatigue lifetime significantly. As multiple results of national and international researches ([1] to [16]) and applications in practice show, post‐weld‐treatment using high frequency peening is a sufficient method to rise the lifetime of existing constructions and to increase the fatigue strength of new designs. The High‐Frequency‐Impact‐Treatment‐Procedure briefly HiFIT‐Method is such a high frequency peening procedure.
Test and finite element analysis of gusset plate anchorage for cable‐stayed bridges
Authors: Wang Yingliang , Wang Zijian , Weiß Xing , Qiang Shizhong 
Published: April 2013

AbstractGusset plate anchorage devices are widely used in long‐span cable‐stayed bridges with steel girders because the force in the cable can be transferred directly to the main girder via the gusset plate, which is very convenient for inspection and maintenance. The disadvantage is the severe stress concentration between gusset plate and steel tube, and the cruciform joint between gusset plate, top flange and web of main girder. This paper presents the static analysis of and experimental research into a gusset plate anchorage device. The magnitude and stress distribution of each load case were analysed very carefully, and the stress history of typical points was also monitored to indicate the structural behaviour. Under the load of the maximum design cable force, the anchorage device exhibits linear elastic behaviour on the whole. The von Mises stress at some monitored points reaches the yield stress when the load is 1.28 times the maximum design cable force. Ultrasonic inspection of the test model revealed no strength cracking or plate buckling, which indicates that the safety margin of the anchorage device is sufficient and complies with the requirements of bridge design code. By comparing calculations and test results it could be proved that FEM can be utilized for the structural analysis of gusset plate anchorage devices and that the calculation accuracy exceeds 70 % for most monitored points.
Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells Regulate B Lymphocyte Function via Programmed Cell Death Protein 1
Authors: Liu Ousheng , Xu Junji , Ding Gang , Liu Dayong , Fan Zhipeng , Zhang Chunmei , Chen Wanjun , Ding Yaozhong , Tang Zhangui , Wang Songlin 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) have provided novel cell sources for tooth and periodontal tissue regeneration. Allogeneic PDLSCs can reconstruct periodontal ligament tissue that has been damaged by periodontal diseases and regulate T-cell immunity. However, the effect of PDLSCs on B cells remains unknown. Here, we treated periodontitis in a miniature pig model using allogeneic PDLSCs and showed a reduction in humoral immunity in the animals. When cocultured with normal B cells, human PDLSCs (hPDLSCs) had similar effects as bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in suppressing B cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration, while intriguingly, hPDLSCs increased B cell viability by secreting interleukin-6. Mechanistically, hPDLSCs suppressed B cell activation through cell-to-cell contact mostly mediated by programmed cell death protein 1 and programmed cell death 1 ligand 1. Our data revealed a previously unrecognized function of PDLSCs in regulating humoral immune responses, which may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for immune-related disorders.
Corneal Endothelial Cell Fate Is Maintained by LGR5 Through the Regulation of Hedgehog and Wnt Pathway
Authors: Hirata-Tominaga Kana , Nakamura Takahiro , Okumura Naoki , Kawasaki Satoshi , Kay Eunduck P. , Barrandon Yann , Koizumi Noriko , Kinoshita Shigeru 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5), a target of Wnt signaling, is reportedly a marker of intestine, stomach, and hair follicle stem cells in mice. To gain a novel insight into the role of LGR5 in human corneal tissue, we performed gain- and loss-of-function studies. The findings of this study show for the first time that LGR5 is uniquely expressed in the peripheral region of human corneal endothelial cells (CECs) and that LGR5(+) cells have some stem/progenitor cell characteristics, and that in human corneal endothelium, LGR5 is the target molecule and negative feedback regulator of the Hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway. Interestingly, the findings of this study show that persistent LGR5 expression maintained endothelial cell phenotypes and inhibited mesenchymal transformation (MT) through the Wnt pathway. Moreover, R-spondin-1, an LGR5 ligand, dramatically accelerated CEC proliferation and also inhibited MT through the Wnt pathway. These findings provide new insights into the underlying homeostatic regulation of human corneal endothelial stem/progenitor cells by LGR5 through the HH and Wnt pathways.
Estimation of bird fatalities at wind farms with complex topography and vegetation in Hokkaido, Japan
Authors: Kitano Masato , Shiraki Saiko 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWorldwide expansion in wind‐energy generation has raised concerns about bird collisions—in particular, protected species. Bird collision studies are common in Europe and USA, but none had been done in Japan to date. We studied bird fatalities at 42 turbines (52.8 MW) in Tomamae, northern Hokkaido, Japan. For 17 months from July 2007 to November 2008, we performed 24 fatality surveys at an average 21‐day interval and ≤100 m from the wind turbines. We found 52 fatalities, including 4 white‐tailed eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla). Our estimate of the adjusted annual mortality at Tomamae, which used a modified equation to factor in the complex topography and dense vegetation spread generically over Japan, was 2.20 bird fatalities/MW/year and 0.36 raptor fatalities/MW/year. Bird utilization rates explained most of the variation in fatality rates among species and among locations. The highest fatality rates occurred at the turbines on a costal cliff where the rotor zones of wind turbines overlapped the frequent flight paths of large birds. The development of generalized models can be useful for predicting the impacts of other wind projects on birds, with the exceptions of high‐risk situations. However, more surveys of fatality rates and utilization rates are required at this and additional study sites, and over a longer period with shorter search intervals, to develop predictive models of bird collisions with general applicability. © 2013 The Wildlife Society.
Mass hierarchy discrimination with atmospheric neutrinos in large volume ice/water Cherenkov detectors
Authors: Franco D. , Jollet C. , Kouchner A. , Kulikovskiy V. , Meregaglia A. , Perasso S. , Pradier T. , Tonazzo A. , Van Elewyck V. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Large mass ice/water Cherenkov experiments, optimized to detect low energy (1–20 GeV) atmospheric neutrinos, have the potential to discriminate between normal and inverted neutrino mass hierarchies. The sensitivity depends on several model and detector parameters, such as the neutrino flux profile and normalization, the Earth density profile, the oscillation parameter uncertainties, and the detector effective mass and resolution. A proper evaluation of the mass hierarchy discrimination power requires a robust statistical approach. In this work, the Toy Monte Carlo, based on an extended unbinned likelihood ratio test statistic, was used. The effect of each model and detector parameter, as well as the required detector exposure, was then studied. While uncertainties on the Earth density and atmospheric neutrino flux profiles were found to have a minor impact on the mass hierarchy discrimination, the flux normalization, as well as some of the oscillation parameter (
$ \varDelta m_{31}^2 $
, θ
13, θ
23, and δ
CP) uncertainties and correlations resulted critical. Finally, the minimum required detector exposure, the optimization of the low energy threshold, and the detector resolutions were also investigated.
Regular or stochastic dynamics in families of higher-degree unimodal maps
Authors: CLARK TREVOR 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe construct a lamination of the space of unimodal maps with critical points of fixed degree$d\geq 2$by the hybrid classes. The structure of the lamination yields a partition of the parameter space for one-parameter real analytic families of unimodal maps and allows us to transfera prioribounds in the phase space to the parameter space. This implies that almost every map in such a family is either regular or stochastic.