bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of thymic and splenic dendritic cell populations from different hemopoietic precursors
Authors: Wu Li , D'Amico Angela , Hochrein Hubertus , O'Keeffe Meredith , Shortman Ken , Lucas Karen 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
The antigen-presenting dendritic cells (DCs) found in mouse lymphoid tissues are heterogeneous. Several types of DCs have been identified on the basis of the expression of different surface molecules, including CD4, CD8α, and DEC-205. Previous studies by the authors showed that the mouse intrathymic lymphoid-restricted precursors (lin−c-kit+Thy-1lowCD4low) can produce DCs in the thymus and spleen upon intravenous transfer, suggesting a lymphoid origin of these DCs. In the current study, the potential for DC production by the newly identified bone marrow (BM) common lymphoid precursors (CLPs), common myeloid precursors (CMPs), and committed granulocyte and macrophage precursors was examined. It was found that both the lymphoid and the myeloid precursors had the potential to produce DCs. All the different DC populations identified in mouse thymus and spleen could be produced by all these precursor populations. However, CLPs produced predominantly the CD4−CD8α+ DCs, whereas CMPs produced similar numbers of CD4−CD8α+ and CD4+CD8α− DCs, although at different peak times. On a per cell basis, the CLPs were more potent than the CMPs at DC production, but this may have been compensated for by an excess of CMPs over CLPs in BM. Overall, this study shows that the expression of CD8α does not delineate the hemopoietic precursor origin of DCs, and the nature of the early precursors may bias but does not dictate the phenotype of the DC product.
Comparison of Cytogenetic and Molecular Cytogenetic Detection of Chromosome Abnormalities in 240 Consecutive Adult Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Fröhling Stefan , Skelin Silvia , Liebisch Claudia , Scholl Claudia , Schlenk Richard F. , Döhner Hartmut , Döhner Konstanze 
Published: July 2002

PURPOSE: To prospectively compare cytogenetic and molecular cytogenetic analysis for the detection of the most relevant chromosome abnormalities in a large series of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two hundred forty consecutive adult patients with AML entered onto the multicenter treatment trial AML HD93 were studied. Chromosome banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) applying a comprehensive set of genomic DNA probes were performed in a single reference laboratory. RESULTS: Two cases of inv(16), three cases of t(11q23), and three cases of t(8;21)var were only detected by molecular cytogenetics. By FISH, aberrations were identified in three cases with normal karyotypes: inv(16), −Y (in a patient with low metaphase yield on chromosome banding) and a 12p microdeletion. Additional aneuploidies, in particular +8q and +11q, were diagnosed by FISH; however, virtually all these aberrations occurred in patients with complex karyotypes or as an additional abnormality in leukemias with an AML-specific translocation. Finally, aberrations were detected by FISH in eight of 14 patients with no assessable metaphases. CONCLUSION: In most cases of AML, conventional cytogenetic study reliably detects chromosomal abnormalities, and this method should not be replaced by FISH. FISH should be used as a complementary method for the detection of more subtle abnormalities, such as inv(16) and t(11q23), in all patients with newly diagnosed AML and for suspected t(8;21)var. Furthermore, molecular cytogenetics using this comprehensive set of DNA probes provides a valuable diagnostic tool for patients with poor chromosome morphology, low or no yields of metaphase cells, or both.
Medications for Obesity
Authors: Gudzune Kimberly A. , Kushner Robert F. 
Published: July 2024

ImportanceObesity affects approximately 19% of women and 14% of men worldwide and is associated with increased morbidity. Antiobesity medications (AOMs) modify biological processes that affect appetite and significantly improve outcomes, such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia.ObservationsAOMs should be administered in combination with lifestyle interventions and can be classified according to their mechanisms of action. Orlistat modifies digestive tract absorption and causes gastrointestinal adverse effects, such as oily fecal spotting and urgency, in more than 25% of patients. Centrally acting drugs, such as phentermine-topiramate and naltrexone-bupropion, regulate appetite in the brain and are associated with constipation in approximately 20% of patients, although the incidence of other adverse effects (eg, paresthesia, nausea) varies by medication. Nutrient-stimulated hormone-based medications, such as liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide, mimic the actions of enteropancreatic hormones that modify central appetite regulation and provide multiple cardiometabolic weight-loss benefits. Adverse effects of these drugs include nausea (28%-44%), diarrhea (21%-30%), and constipation (11%-24%). The relative potency of adult obesity medications has been studied in meta-analyses. Compared with placebo, orlistat was associated with 3.1% greater weight loss (52 randomized clinical trials [RCTs]; 16 964 participants), phentermine-topiramate was associated with 8.0% greater weight loss (5 RCTs; 3407 participants), naltrexone-bupropion was associated with 4.1% greater weight loss (6 RCTs; 9949 participants), liraglutide was associated with 4.7% greater weight loss (18 RCTs; 6321 participants), semaglutide was associated with 11.4% greater weight loss (5 RCTs; 4421 participants), and tirzepatide 15 mg was associated with 12.4% greater weight loss (6 RCTs; 1972 participants).Conclusion and RelevanceObesity is associated with increased morbidity. Antiobesity medications are effective adjunctive therapy to lifestyle changes for improved weight loss and health outcomes.
Overground Gait Training With a Wearable Robot in Children With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Choi Ja Young , Kim Seung Ki , Hong Juntaek , Park Hankyul , Yang Shin-seung , Park Dongho , Song Min-Keun 
Published: July 2024

ImportanceCerebral palsy (CP) is the most common developmental motor disorder in children. Robot-assisted gait training (RAGT) using a wearable robot can provide intensive overground walking experience.ObjectiveTo investigate the effectiveness of overground RAGT in children with CP using an untethered, torque-assisted, wearable exoskeletal robot.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis multicenter, single-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted from September 1, 2021, to March 31, 2023, at 5 rehabilitation institutions in Korea. Ninety children with CP in Gross Motor Function Classification System levels II to IV were randomized.InterventionThe RAGT group underwent 18 sessions of RAGT during 6 weeks, whereas the control group received standard physical therapy for the same number of sessions during the same period.Main Outcome and MeasuresThe primary outcome measure was the Gross Motor Function Measure 88 (GMFM-88) score. Secondary outcome measures were the GMFM-66, Pediatric Balance Scale, selective control assessment of the lower extremity, Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory–Computer Adaptive Test (PEDI-CAT), 6-minute walking test scores (distance and oxygen consumption), muscle and fat mass via bioelectrical impedance analysis, and gait parameters measured via 3-dimensional analysis. All assessments were performed for all patients at baseline, at the end of the 6-week intervention, and after the 4-week follow-up.ResultsOf the 90 children (mean [SD] age, 9.51 [2.48] years; 49 [54.4%] male and 41 [45.6%] female) in the study, 78 (86.7%) completed the intervention, with 37 participants (mean [SD] age, 9.57 [2.38] years; 19 [51.4%] male) and 41 participants (mean [SD] age, 9.32 [2.37] years; 26 [63.4%] male) randomly assigned to the RAGT and control groups, respectively. Changes in the RAGT group significantly exceeded changes in the control group in GMFM-88 total (mean difference, 2.64; 95% CI, 0.50-4.78), GMFM-E (mean difference, 2.70; 95% CI, 0.08-5.33), GMFM-66 (mean difference, 1.31; 95% CI, 0.01-2.60), and PEDI-CAT responsibility domain scores (mean difference, 2.52; 95% CI, 0.42-4.63), indicating independence in daily living at postintervention assessment. At the 4-week follow-up, the RAGT group showed significantly greater improvements in balance control (mean difference, 1.48; 95% CI, 0.03-2.94) and Gait Deviation Index (mean difference, 6.48; 95% CI, 2.77-10.19) compared with the control group.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this randomized clinical trial, overground RAGT using a wearable robot significantly improved gross motor function and gait pattern. This new torque-assisted wearable exoskeletal robot, based on assist-as-needed control, may complement standard rehabilitation by providing adequate assistance and therapeutic support to children with CP.Trial RegistrationCRIS Identifier: KCT0006273
Prevalence of Epilepsy in People of Sexual and Gender Minoritized Groups
Authors: Johnson Emily L. , Bui Esther , Tassiopoulos Karina , Koretzky Maya Overby , Zepeda Rodrigo , Gonzalez-Giraldo Ernesto , Gottesman Rebecca F. 
Published: July 2024

ImportanceEpilepsy is a highly treatable condition for many people, but there are large treatment gaps with suboptimal seizure control in minoritized groups. The sexual and gender minority (SGM) community is at risk for health disparities, yet the burden of epilepsy in this community is not known.ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of active epilepsy among SGM people in the United States.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a cross-sectional, nationally representative survey study of community-dwelling US adults who answered questions about epilepsy, sexual orientation, and gender identity in the 2022 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS).ExposureSelf-identification of transgender or gender-diverse identity, or sexual orientation including gay, lesbian, bisexual, or other orientation, excluding straight (ie, heterosexual).Main Outcomes and MeasuresParticipants self-reported epilepsy status, medical treatment, seizure frequency, demographic characteristics, sexual orientation, and gender identity. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association of epilepsy with SGM identification.ResultsA total of 27 624 participants (15 050 [54%] women; 3231 [12%] Black; mean [SD] age, 48.2 [18.5] years) completed the NHIS and were included. Active epilepsy was present in 1.2% (95% CI, 1.0%-1.3%) of the population. A higher proportion of SGM adults than non-SGM adults reported active epilepsy (2.4% [95% CI, 1.4%-3.3%] vs 1.1% [95% CI, 1.0%-1.3%], respectively). After adjusting for age, race, ethnicity, income, and education, SGM people were more than twice as likely to report active epilepsy than were non-SGM adults (adjusted odds ratio, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.35-3.37).Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings suggest that SGM adults in the United States have a disproportionate prevalence of epilepsy. The reasons for this disparity are likely complex and may be associated with biological and psychosocial determinants of health unique to this population; as such, these individuals are in need of protected access to medical care.
Optic Nerve Sheath Measurement on Ultrasound: A Novel Diagnostic Test for Giant Cell Arteritis
Authors: Baalbaki Hussein , Dubé David , Ross Carolyn , Ducharme‐Bénard Stéphanie , Hussein Samer , Meunier Rosalie‐Sélène , Pagnoux Christian , Makhzoum Jean‐Paul 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveOptic nerve sheath enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging has been reported in patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA), with or without visual manifestations. Whether similar findings can be documented on ultrasound is unknown. Optic nerve ultrasound is a point‐of‐care, easy to learn, rapid, and noninvasive technique. This study aims to investigate whether optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) measured on ultrasound is useful in the diagnosis of active, new‐onset GCA.MethodsA single‐center, diagnostic accuracy study was performed from June to November 2022 on consecutive eligible patients referred for suspected GCA. Optic nerve ultrasound was performed on both eyes. The ONSD (includes the optic nerve and its sheath) and optic nerve diameter (OND) were measured 3 mm behind the ocular globe. The presence or absence of GCA was confirmed clinically 6 months later. Multivariable linear regression, adjusting for age and sex, was used to determine the association between optic nerve ultrasound measures and final GCA diagnosis.ResultsThirty participants were enrolled, including nine participants with a final diagnosis of GCA. Mean ± SD ONSD was 5.98 ± 1.17 mm in patients with GCA and 4.02 ± 0.99 mm in patients without GCA. Mean ONSD was greater by 1.26 mm in patients with GCA (95% confidence interval 0.30–2.21 mm, P = 0.01) compared with those without GCA, adjusting for age and sex. Mean ± SD OND was 2.97 ± 0.46 mm in patients with GCA and 2.47 ± 0.58 mm in patients without GCA. There was no evidence of an association between GCA diagnosis and OND.ConclusionPatients with GCA had a significantly greater ONSD on ultrasound than patients without GCA. Optic nerve ultrasound may represent a novel, rapid, bedside diagnostic test for GCA. A large prospective study is required to confirm these findings and evaluate whether ONSD can be used as a disease activity biomarker in GCA.
From Reactive to Proactive – The Future Life Design to Promote Health and Extend the Human Lifespan
Authors: Yao Lan , Yang Chengyuan , Graff J. Carolyn , Wang Guiying , Wang Gang , Gu Weikuan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDisease treatment and prevention have improved the human lifespan. Current studies on aging, such as the biological clock and senolytic drugs have focused on the medical treatments of various disorders and health maintenance. However, to efficiently extend the human lifespan to its theoretical maximum, medicine can take a further proactive approach and identify the inapparent disorders that affect the gestation, body growth, and reproductive stages of the so‐called “healthy” population. The goal is to upgrade the standard health status to a new level by targeting the inapparent disorders. Thus, future research can shift from reaction, response, and prevention to proactive, quality promotion and vigor prolonging; from single disease‐oriented to multiple dimension protocol for a healthy body; from treatment of symptom onset to keep away from disorders; and from the healthy aging management to a healthy promotion design beginning at the birth.
Amidoxime‐based Star Polymer Adsorbent with Ultra‐High Uranyl Affinity for Extremely Fast Uranium Extraction from Natural Seawater
Authors: Yi Tan , Cen Zongheng , Ji Yiwei , Huang Junlong , Liang Min , Liu Shaohong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPolymer adsorbents functionalized with amidoxime groups are widely considered to have the most industrial potential for uranium extraction from seawater. However, the entanglement upon the collapse of polymer chain in seawater greatly reduces the utilization ratio of amidoxime ligands. Herein, a novel star‐shaped molecular brush adsorbent (β‐CD‐g‐PAO) is obtained by densely grafting polyamidoxime (PAO) chains from β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD). Experimental and theoretical results reveal that, in contrast to conventional linear polymer adsorbents, the star polymer adsorbent with a high grafting density of PAO side chains enables strong steric repulsion between the polymer chains, leading to increased persistence length and disentanglement of side chains. As a result, the star polymer adsorbent shows higher accessibility of the adsorption ligands with lower adsorption energy, achieving an adsorption capacity of up to 944.75 mg g−1 in uranium‐spiked seawater, surpassing that of conventional linear PAO by 3.2 times. Remarkably, this star polymer adsorbent demonstrates an extraordinarily adsorption capacity of 10.9 mg−1 g−1 in only 1 day in natural seawater, coupled with excellent affinity for uranyl ions (K = 0.31 pM). The unique topological structure design provides a new approach to solving the problem of low utilization ratio of functional ligands in polymer adsorbents.
A MOFs‐Derived Hydroxyl‐Functionalized Hybrid Nanoporous Carbon Incorporated Laser‐Scribed Graphene‐Based Multimodal Skin Patch for Perspiration Analysis and Electrocardiogram Monitoring
Authors: Asaduzzaman Md , Faruk Omar , Samad Ahmad Abdus , Kim HongSeok , Reza Md Selim , Lee YeYeong , Park Jae Yeong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAlthough metal‐organic framework (MOF)‐derived nanoporous C (NPC) materials offer several advantages for electrochemical sensor applications, surface functionalization and porosity tuning can affect sensor performance. This study presents the development of a skin patch for perspiration and electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring, leveraging the unique properties of MOF‐on‐MOF‐derived surface‐functionalized hybrid nanoporous C (f‐HNPC) incorporated into laser‐scribed graphene (LSG). Hydroxyl (OH) group‐functionalized NPC, achieved through KOH activation, facilitates electron transport at the electrode–electrolyte interface. This enhances the electrochemical activity, thereby improving sensor sensitivity and expanding the detection range. The integration of f‐HNPC provides enhanced surface area and electrochemical properties, enabling sensitive and selective detection of sweat biomarkers, including glucose (103 µA mM−1 cm−2) and uric acid (184 µA mM−1 cm−2) along with an ultra‐wide glucose detection range (up to 41.5 mM). Moreover, the incorporation of LSG ensures excellent mechanical flexibility, facilitating conformal contact with the skin for reliable signal acquisition. The proposed skin patch demonstrates promising performance in real‐time perspiration analysis and ECG monitoring with a signal‐to‐noise ratio of 23.63 dB, along with high stability and long‐term durability. The synergistic combination of f‐HNPC and LSG shows great potential for developing advanced wearable biosensing platforms for personalized healthcare applications.
Attapulgite‐Reinforced Robust and Ionic Conductive Composite Hydrogels for Digital Light Processing 3D Printing
Authors: Guo Yunlong , Feng Shiwei , Gao Weizi , Cui Jingjing , Lu Zhe , Liang Chen , Liu Fukang , Mao Zhijie , Wang Zhenxiang , Hu Guang , Zhang Biao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIonic conductive hydrogels are widely used in many applications such as electrochemical energy storage, flexible electronic devices, and catalyst transistors due to their excellent ionic conductivity as well as chemical stability. However, the fragile mechanical properties and the lack of shaping methods severely limit their further applications. Herein, an ionic conductive composite hydrogel with reinforced mechanical properties is demonstrated that can be rapidly 3D printed using digital light processing technology. By using both γ‐methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane moderately modified attapulgite rigid particle and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) semicrystal dual‐network reinforcement, the mechanically robust and highly conductive N,N,N‐trimethylethanaminium‐chloride‐based hydrogels are obtained, demonstrating a 5 times higher tensile strength than the initial one due to the turning and orienting of the attapulgite as well as the robust PVA secondary network. Furthermore, encapsulation strategy is used to avoid the dehydration of hydrogel, and strain sensors that exceed the strain limit of the hydrogel are fabricated through structural design. This work provides a reference for attapulgite‐reinforced hydrogel in biosensing.
Shear‐Rheological‐Assisted MXene Dispersion in Epoxy Resin for Efficient Electromagnetic Absorption
Authors: Liu Zonglin , Zhao Xu , Xue Fuhua , Xu Liangliang , Chen He , Chen Zhong , Yan Qian , Xiong Jinhua , Zheng Haowen , Li Pengyang , Lian Huanxin , Chen Yunxiang , Peng Qingyu , He Xiaodong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMXenes, a burgeoning family of 2D materials with high conductivity and large specific surface area, are ideal electromagnetic absorbing materials. However, the ample polar functional groups lead to poor dispersion in the non‐polar matrix, limiting its application in non‐polar‐polymer‐based composites. With the help of the shear rheological properties of SiO2, the conflict is resolved here by directly dispersing MXene aqueous dispersion into the non‐polar resin. Water is locked dynamically through SiO2 nanoparticles among the MXene@SiO2 nanosheets, suppressing MXene's self‐restacking and aggregation in the resin matrix. Therefore, the fabrication of uniform MXene/non‐polar polymer composites is achieved. Meanwhile, this method allows different nanoparticles (Fe3O4, etc.) to be evenly dispersed among the MXene nanosheets to further improve the composites' electromagnetic parameters. The as‐prepared composites achieve remarkable absorbing performance with a low MXene concentration (≤5 wt.‰). The SMEP‐h achieves the maximum reflection loss value of over 60 dB at 12 GHz (at the thickness of 2.15 mm), and the SMEP‐F possesses a broad effective absorbing bandwidth of over 6.18 GHz (at the thickness of 1.75 mm). The shear‐rheological‐assisted MXene dispersion method in the non‐polar matrix paves an avenue for the design of outstanding MXene‐based electromagnetic absorbing composites.
Xeno Nucleic Acids as Functional Materials: From Biophysical Properties to Application
Authors: Bian Tianyuan , Pei Yufeng , Gao Shitao , Zhou Songtao , Sun Xinyu , Dong Mingdong , Song Jie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractXeno nucleic acid (XNA) are artificial nucleic acids, in which the chemical composition of the sugar moiety is changed. These modifications impart distinct physical and chemical properties to XNAs, leading to changes in their biological, chemical, and physical stability. Additionally, these alterations influence the binding dynamics of XNAs to their target molecules. Consequently, XNAs find expanded applications as functional materials in diverse fields. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the distinctive biophysical properties exhibited by various modified XNAs and explores their applications as innovative functional materials in expanded fields.
Spin‐Glass States Generated in a van der Waals Magnet by Alkali‐Ion Intercalation
Authors: Khan Safe , Aw Eva S. Y. , Nagle‐Cocco Liam A. V. , Sud Aakanksha , Ghosh Sukanya , Subhan Mohammed K. B. , Xue Zekun , Freeman Charlie , Sagkovits Dimitrios , Gutiérrez‐Llorente Araceli , Verzhbitskiy Ivan , Arroo Daan M. , Zollitsch Christoph W. , Eda Goki , Santos Elton J. G. , Dutton Sian E. , Bramwell Steven T. , Howard Chris A. , Kurebayashi Hidekazu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTuning magnetic properties in layered van der Waals (vdW) materials has captured significant attention due to the efficient control of ground states by heterostructuring and external stimuli. Electron doping by electrostatic gating, interfacial charge transfer, and intercalation is particularly effective in manipulating the exchange and spin‐orbit properties, resulting in a control of Curie temperature (TC) and magnetic anisotropy. Here, an uncharted role of intercalation is discovered to generate magnetic frustration. As a model study, Na atoms are intercalated into the vdW gaps of pristine Cr2Ge2Te6 (CGT) where generated magnetic frustration leads to emerging spin‐glass states coexisting with a ferromagnetic order. A series of dynamic magnetic susceptibility measurements/analysis confirms the formation of magnetic clusters representing slow dynamics with a distribution of relaxation times. The intercalation also modifies other macroscopic physical parameters including the significant enhancement of TC from 66 to 240 K and the switching of magnetic easy‐hard axis direction. This study identifies intercalation as a unique route to generate emerging frustrated spin states in simple vdW crystals.