bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevention of Mitochondrial Membrane Permeabilization and Pancreatic β‐Cell Death by an Enantioenriched, Macrocyclic Small Molecule
Authors: Jimmidi Ravikumar , Shroff Govardhan K. , Satyanarayana M. , Reddy B. Ramesh , Kapireddy Jahnavi , Sawant Mithila A. , Sitaswad Sandhya L. , Arya Prabhat , Mitra Prasenjit 
Published: January 2014

AbstractMitochondria produce the majority of cellular energy through the process of oxidative phosphorylation and play a central role in regulating the functionality and survival of eukaryotic cells. Under physiological stress, mitochondrial membrane permeabilization results in the release of apoptogenic material such as cytochrome c in the cytoplasm, which thereby initiates caspase activation and the consequent cell death. In our present study, we screened a series of compounds for their ability to inhibit mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and to prevent cytochrome c release during the endoplasmic reticulum stress in cultured pancreatic β‐cells. Three benzofuran‐based macrocyclic small molecules, that is, 2.4c, c104, and c108, were found to restore the depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential and to prevent the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria. Interestingly, the acyclic precursor of 2.4c (i.e., 2.3c) did not show any effect, whereas the macrocyclic derivative obtained by utilizing ring‐closing metathesis as the “stitching technology” led to this function. The macrocyclic architecture seems to play a crucial role in presenting various functional moieties in the right orientation to observe this effect.
Hardware‐in‐the‐Loop Testing of Control Strategies for Distributed Generation in the Smart Grid
Authors: Velvelidis Vasileios , Hollinger Raphael , Wittwer Christof 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe development of smart grids is accompanied by increasing demands on distributed generators, consumers, and storage systems. In addition to fulfilling their primary objectives (e.g., supplying heat in the case of a combined heat and power plant), distributed units have to contribute to the compensation of fluctuating output from renewable energy sources and provide grid services. Testing and developing decentralized power‐generation control strategies require a suitable environment, in which dynamic system behavior and hardware characteristics can be explored. A hardware‐in‐the‐loop facility is available at the SmartEnergyLab at Fraunhofer ISE, and it is used in this study to develop an optimized controller concept for a gas‐driven cogeneration system with a large thermal storage tank. The aim of this study is to discuss the hardware‐in‐the‐loop concept, linking the hardware components of the SmartEnergyLab with the virtual environment. This is realized with the ColSim simulation environment. Based on an installed micro‐cogeneration unit (μCHP) in the laboratory, a model predictive controller design for a thermal–electrical operation of the cogeneration system is presented.
Highly Efficient Solar Hydrogen Generation—An Integrated Concept Joining III–V Solar Cells with PEM Electrolysis Cells
Authors: Rau Sebastian , Vierrath Severin , Ohlmann Jens , Fallisch Arne , Lackner David , Dimroth Frank , Smolinka Tom 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn this work, a concept of highly efficient solar–hydrogen generation by direct coupling of III–V multijunction solar cells with proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis cells is presented. III–V solar cells under concentrated illumination feature voltages above 2 V enabling the generation of hydrogen by water electrolysis. The resulting “hydrogen concentrator” is called HyCon. The temperature‐dependent electrochemical behavior of a PEM electrolysis cell is analyzed and its current–voltage characteristics are presented. The distribution of the velocity of the water flow and pressure for different flow fields is simulated by fluidic simulation. An electrolysis cell featuring a porous fiber as a current collector without any flow‐field pattern shows no visible difference in performance compared to a cell with a flow field pattern. Outdoor measurements of a HyCon module with 6 cells show a maximum efficiency of 16.8 % for one of the HyCon cells. Higher currents at lower voltages are desirable. In this respect the III–V multijunction solar cells can be optimized to obtain a higher current by adapting the indium content of each sub cell. This will lead to an increase of the system efficiency. The improvements, which will be applied in the near future, are discussed.
Treibstoff der Nähe
Authors: Unterstell Rembert 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn den Medien ist es das Kuschel‐ oder Orgasmushormon. Doch auch in der Wissenschaft genießt das Oxytocin höchste Aufmerksamkeit. Der Biopsychologe Markus Heinrichs über die besonderen Qualitäten und Geheimnisse des körpereigenen Stoffes — und über die Vision einer Psychotherapie für Menschen mit schweren sozialen Störungen.
Servo am Knie
Authors: Block Julia , Hielscher Jürgen , Meiß Thorsten 
Published: January 2014

AbstractMöglichst lange selbstständig leben — ein vitaler Wunsch in der alternden Gesellschaft. Ingenieure und Orthopädietechniker haben eine motorisierte Kniegelenk‐Orthese entwickelt, die abnehmende Muskelkraft kompensieren und Aktivität und Mobilität im Alltag sichern soll.
Management of recurrent and persistent metastatic lymph nodes in well‐differentiated thyroid cancer: A multifactorial decision‐making guide for the thyroid cancer care collaborative
Authors: Urken Mark L. , Milas Mira , Randolph Gregory W. , Tufano Ralph , Bergman Donald , Bernet Victor , Brett Elise M. , Brierley James D. , Cobin Rhoda , Doherty Gerard , Klopper Joshua , Lee Stephanie , Machac Josef , Mechanick Jeffrey I. , Orloff Lisa A. , Ross Douglas , Smallridge Robert C. , Terris David J , Clain Jason B , Tuttle Michael 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundWell‐differentiated thyroid cancer (WDTC) recurs in up to 30% of patients. Guidelines from the American Thyroid Association (ATA) and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) provide valuable parameters for the management of recurrent disease, but fail to guide the clinician as to the multitude of factors that should be taken into account. The Thyroid Cancer Care Collaborative (TCCC) is a web‐based repository of a patient's clinical information. Ten clinical decision‐making modules (CDMMs) process this information and display individualized treatment recommendations.MethodsWe conducted a review of the literature and analysis of the management of patients with recurrent/persistent WDTC.ResultsSurgery remains the most common treatment in recurrent/persistent WDTC and can be performed with limited morbidity in experienced hands. However, careful observation may be the recommended course in select patients. Reoperation yields biochemical remission rates between 21% and 66%. There is a reported 1.2% incidence of permanent unexpected nerve paralysis and a 3.5% incidence of permanent hypoparathyroidism. External beam radiotherapy and percutaneous ethanol ablation have been reported as therapeutic alternatives. Radioactive iodine as a primary therapy has been reported previously for metastatic lymph nodes, but is currently advocated by the ATA as an adjuvant to surgery.ConclusionThe management of recurrent lymph nodes is a multifactorial decision and is best determined by a multidisciplinary team. The CDMMs allow for easy adoption of contemporary knowledge, making this information accessible to both patient and clinician. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 605–614, 2015
Perturbations of theDushmanReaction with Piroxicam: Experimental and Model Calculations
Authors: Pejić Nataša D. , Blagojević Slavica M. , Sarap Nataša B. , Maksimović Jelena P. , Anić Slobodan R. , Čupić Željko D. , Kolar‐Anić Ljiljana Z. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractPerturbation of theBrayLiebhafskynon‐oscillating subsystem (mixture of KIO3and H2SO4),i.e., Dushmanreaction (DR), by piroxicam (PX), was observed in an open reactor,i.e., in the continuously fed well‐stirred tank reactor (CSTR). Monitoring the response ofDRto perturbations by different concentrations of PX allows developing a simple procedure for quantitative determination of this analyte in both bulk drug and pharmaceutical preparation (injection). A tentative perturbation mechanism of PX action on theDRmatrix, based on a kinetic scheme that was suggested byAgreda et al., is proposed. The PX reactivity inDRhas been generally related to the reaction of PX with hypoiodous acid (HIO) present in the matrix.
A Stereoselective Aldol Approach for the Total Syntheses of Two 6‐Alkylated 2H‐Pyran‐2‐ones
Authors: Rajaram Singanaboina , Ramesh Dasari , Ramulu Udugu , Prabhakar Peddikotla , Venkateswarlu Yenamandra 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA simple and highly efficient stereoselective total synthesis of the 6‐alkylated pyranones (6R)‐6‐[(1E,4R,6R)‐4,6‐dihydroxy‐10‐phenyldec‐1‐en‐1‐yl]‐5,6‐dihydro‐2H‐pyran‐2‐one (1) and (6S)‐5,6‐dihydro‐6‐[(2R)‐2‐hydroxy‐6‐phenylhexyl]‐2H‐pyran‐2‐one (2) was developed using Crimmins' aldol reaction, SmI2 reduction, Grubbs‐II‐catalyzed olefin cross‐metathesis, and Still's modified HornerWadsworthEmmons reaction.
Eudesmanolides and Guaianolides from Carpesium triste
Authors: Wu Hai‐Bo , Wang Wen‐Shu , Liu Ting‐Ting , Jiao Yu‐Guo 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA new eudesmanolide, 1‐oxo‐11αH‐eudesma‐2,4(14)‐dien‐12,8β‐olide (1), and four new guaianolides, 9β,10β‐epoxy‐4α‐hydroxy‐1βH,11αH‐guaian‐12,8α‐olide (2), 9β,10β‐epoxy‐4α‐hydroxy‐1βH,11βH‐guaian‐12,8α‐olide (3), 4α,9α‐dihydroxy‐1βH,11αH‐guai‐10(14)‐en‐12,8α‐olide (4), and 4α,9α‐dihydroxy‐1βH,11βH‐guai‐10(14)‐en‐12,8α‐olide (5), together with one known eudesmanolide and two known germacranolides, were isolated from the whole plants of Carpesium triste. Their structures and relative configurations were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods, including 2D‐NMR techniques.
A Novel One‐Pot Sulfonyloxylactonization of Alkenoic Acids Mediated by Hypervalent Iodine Species Generated in situ from Ammonium Iodide
Authors: Hu Jiantao , Zhu Min , Xu Yuan , Yan Jie 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA novel and efficient one‐pot procedure was designed for the sulfonyloxylactonization of alkenoic acids by the reaction of alkenoic acids with m‐chloroperbenzoic acid and sulfonic acids in the presence of a catalytic amount of ammonium iodide in a mixture acetonitrile/2,2,2‐trifluoroethanol (4 : 1) at room temperature for 24 h, which provided the corresponding sulfonyloxy lactones in moderate‐to‐good yields.
Rare C25 Steroids Produced by Penicillium chrysogenum P1X, a Fungal Endophyte of Huperzia serrata
Authors: Ying You‐Min , Zheng Zhen‐Zhen , Zhang Li‐Wen , Shan Wei‐Guang , Wang Jian‐Wei , Zhan Zha‐Jun 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThree new metabolites, norcyclocitrinol A (1), erythro‐11α‐hydroxyneocyclocitrinol (2), and pesudocyclocitrinol A (3), along with six known analogs, i.e., neocyclocitrinols A–D (4–7, resp.), cyclocitrinol (8), and 24‐epicyclocitrinol (9), were isolated and identified from the culture broth of Penicillium chrysogenum P1X, a fungal endophyte of Huperzia serrata. Compounds 1–9 were identified by spectroscopic methods to share the same C25‐steroid skeleton featuring an unusual bicyclo[4.4.1] A/B ring system. In particular, 1 represents the first example of a C25 steroid with a bisnor C‐atom side chain. All compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against HeLa and HepG2 cell lines. However, none of them exhibited a significant cytotoxicity at a concentration of 20 μM.
Confusing Quantitative Descriptions of BrønstedLowry AcidBase Equilibria in Chemistry Textbooks – A Critical Review and Clarifications for Chemical Educators
Authors: Meister Erich C. , Willeke Martin , Angst Werner , Togni Antonio , Walde Peter 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn chemistry textbooks, the pK value of water in the solvent water at 25 °C is sometimes given as 14.0, sometimes as 15.7. This is confusing. The particular chemical reaction considered is the one in which water as BrønstedLowry acid reacts with water as BrønstedLowry base in water as solvent to yield equal concentrations of hydrated oxonium and hydroxide ions, H3O+(aq) and HO−(aq), respectively. This reaction is also known as the ‘self‐ionization’ of water for which the equilibrium constant is abbreviated as Kw with its known value of 10−14.0 at 25 °C, i.e., pKw(25 °C)=14.0. Identical values for pK and pKw at a fixed temperature appear reasonable, since K and Kw refer to one and the same reaction. Therefore, reasons for the apparent disagreement between the ‘thermodynamically correct’ pKa value for water (14.0 at 25 °C) and the value reported in most organic chemistry textbooks (15.7) should be discussed when teaching acidbase chemistry. There are good arguments for introducing, from the very beginning, the concepts of activity and thermodynamic standard states when teaching quantitative aspects of chemical equilibria. This also explains in a straightforward way why all thermodynamic equilibrium constants, including Kw, are dimensionless, and why pK(25 °C)=0.
New Orsellinic Acid Esters from Fungus Chaetomium globosporum
Authors: Xu Guo‐Bo , Wang Ni‐Ni , Bao Jin‐Ku , Yang Tao , Li Guo‐You 
Published: January 2014

AbstractSeven new orsellinic acid esters, 1–7, and four known compounds were isolated from the solid, fermented rice culture of Chaetomium globosporum (cib‐132). Their structures were elucidated by 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR spectra, and the relative configuration of compound 1 was determined by X‐ray crystallographic analysis.
Modelling sediment deposition and phosphorus retention in a river floodplain
Authors: González‐Sanchis M. , Murillo J. , Cabezas A. , Vermaat J. E. , Comín F. A. , García‐Navarro P. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractPhosphorus (P) is one of the major limiting nutrient in many freshwater ecosystems. During the last decade, attention has been focused on the fluxes of suspended sediment and particulate P through freshwater drainage systems because of severe eutrophication effects in aquatic ecosystems. Hence, the analysis and prediction of phosphorus and sediment dynamics constitute an important element for ecological conservation and restoration of freshwater ecosystems. In that sense, the development of a suitable prediction model is justified, and the present work is devoted to the validation and application of a predictive soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) uptake and sedimentation models, to a real riparian system of the middle Ebro river floodplain. Both models are coupled to a fully distributed two‐dimensional shallow‐water flow numerical model. The SRP uptake model is validated using data from three field experiments. The model predictions show a good accuracy for SRP concentration, where the linear regressions between measured and calculated values of the three experiments were significant (r2 ≥ 0.62; p ≤ 0.05), and a Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient (E) that ranged from 0.54 to 0.62. The sedimentation model is validated using field data collected during two real flooding events within the same river reach. The comparison between calculated and measured sediment depositions showed a significant linear regression (p ≤ 0.05; r2 = 0.97) and an E that ranged from 0.63 to 0.78. Subsequently, the complete model that includes flow dynamics, solute transport, SRP uptake and sedimentation is used to simulate and analyse floodplain sediment deposition, river nutrient contribution and SRP uptake. According to this analysis, the main SRP uptake process appears to be the sediment sorption. The analysis also reveals the presence of a lateral gradient of hydrological connectivity that decreases with distance from the river and controls the river matter contribution to the floodplain. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Decreased aorto‐septal angle may contribute to left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in healthy subjects
Authors: Okada Kazunori , Mikami Taisei , Kaga Sanae , Nakabachi Masahiro , Abe Ayumu , Yokoyama Shinobu , Nishino Hisao , Nishida Mutsumi , Shimizu Chikara , Iwano Hiroyuki , Yamada Satoshi , Tsutsui Hiroyuki 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundLeft ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction is often observed in healthy older subjects without structural heart disease, although its exact mechanisms have not been established. A decrease in the aorto‐septal angle (ASA), an alteration of LV shape due to aortic elongation, is also frequently seen in elderly subjects. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether it can contribute to LV diastolic dysfunction in healthy subjects.MethodsEchocardiography was performed in 77 healthy subjects (42 men, mean age 43.2 ± 13.8 years) to measure the ASA, early diastolic transmitral flow velocity (E), isovolumic relaxation time (IRT), and early diastolic mitral annular velocity (e′). The LV peak early diastolic longitudinal strain rate (GSRE) was measured using a two‐dimensional speckle tracking imaging technique.ResultsASA was significantly correlated with E (r = 0.54, p < 0.001), IRT (r = −0.41, p < 0.001), e′ (r = 0.57, p < 0.001), and GSRE (r = 0.63, p < 0.001) and shown by stepwise multivariate analysis to be the strongest independent determinant of E, IRT, and GSRE, and one of the independent determinants of e′.ConclusionsThe alteration of LV shape associated with reduced ASA may be one of the causes of LV diastolic dysfunction independently of age in otherwise healthy subjects. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 42:341–347, 2014
Doppler ultrasonographic evaluation of the radial and ulnar arteries in hemiparetic patients after stroke
Authors: Tiftik Tülay , Kara Murat , Özcan Hatice Nursun , Türkkan Canan , Ural Fatma Gülçin , Ekiz Timur , Akkuş Selami , Özçakar Levent 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundTo evaluate blood flow of hand arteries (using Doppler ultrasonography) and sympathetic skin response (SSR) in patients with hemiparesis.MethodsFifty‐six stroke patients (30 M, 26 F) with unilateral hemiparesis (age 53.5 ± 10.8 years, mean disease duration 12.0 ± 19.1 months) were included. The patients' arm and hand motor functions were assessed according to Brunnstrom's stages. SSR was evaluated bilaterally from median nerves at the wrist level. Radial and ulnar artery blood flow was measured at the wrist in the neutral position.ResultsBoth radial and ulnar artery volume flow and end diastolic velocity, and radial artery diameter were smaller on the paretic side (all p < 0.0125). Radial artery resistance and pulsatility index were greater on the paretic side (both p < 0.0125). SSR amplitude was lower on the paretic side of patients with right‐sided hemiparesis patients (p = 0.009). Hand Brunnstrom's stage was negatively correlated with nonparetic–paretic difference in radial artery volume flow and SSR amplitudes (all p < 0.025).ConclusionsHand blood flow was lower on the paretic side and was accompanied by a similar decrease in SSR amplitudes in patients with right‐sided hemiparesis. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 42:277–282, 2014
Relating divergence in polychaete musculature to different burrowing behaviors: A study using opheliidae (Annelida)
Authors: Law Chris J. , Dorgan Kelly M. , Rouse Greg W. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTDivergent morphologies among related species are often correlated with distinct behaviors and habitat uses. Considerable morphological and behavioral differences are found between two major clades within the polychaete family Opheliidae. For instance, Thoracophelia mucronata burrows by peristalsis, whereas Armandia brevis exhibits undulatory burrowing. We investigate the anatomical differences that allow for these distinct burrowing behaviors, then interpret these differences in an evolutionary context using broader phylogenetic (DNA‐based) and morphological analyses of Opheliidae and taxa, such as Scalibregmatidae and Polygordiidae. Histological three‐dimensional‐reconstruction of A. brevis reveals bilateral longitudinal muscle bands as the prominent musculature of the body. Circular muscles are absent; instead oblique muscles act with unilateral contraction of longitudinal muscles to bend the body during undulation. The angle of helical fibers in the cuticle is consistent with the fibers supporting turgidity of the body rather than resisting radial expansion from longitudinal muscle contraction. Circular muscles are present in the anterior of T. mucronata, and they branch away from the body wall to form oblique muscles. Helical fibers in the cuticle are more axially oriented than those in undulatory burrowers, facilitating radial expansion during peristalsis. A transition in musculature accompanies the change in external morphology from the thorax to the abdomen, which has oblique muscles similar to A. brevis. Muscles in the muscular septum, which extends posteriorly to form the injector organ, act in synchrony with the body wall musculature during peristalsis: they contract to push fluid anteriorly and expand the head region following a direct peristaltic wave of the body wall muscles. The septum of A. brevis is much thinner and is presumably used for eversion of a nonmuscular pharynx. Mapping of morphological characters onto the molecular‐based phylogeny shows close links between musculature and behavior, but less correlation with habitat. J. Morphol. 275:548–571, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Construction and evaluation of a switch‐tuned 13C ‐ 1H birdcage radiofrequency coil for imaging the metabolism of hyperpolarized 13C‐enriched compounds
Authors: Lim Heeseung , Thind Kundan , Martinez‐Santiesteban Francisco M. , Scholl Timothy James 
Published: January 2014

PurposeTo construct a switch‐tuned 13C ‐ 1H birdcage radiofrequency (RF) coil system capable of metabolic imaging of hyperpolarized 13C‐enriched metabolic probes for co‐registration with MRI morphology using protons.Materials and MethodsThe switch‐tuned coil was constructed using PIN diodes for rapid switching of the resonant frequency of the coil. Identical, single‐tuned, 1H and 13C birdcage RF coils have also been constructed for comparison of imaging performance. A 13C receive‐only surface RF coil has been integrated with the switch‐tuned coil for transmit‐only, receive‐only operation (TORO) to increase local 13C signal for improved signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR).ResultsThe SNR achieved with the switch‐tuned coil in transmit/receive mode was 87% that of the single‐tuned 1H coil. For 13C imaging, the SNR for the switch‐tuned coil was 55% that of the single‐tuned 13C coil. TORO operation of the switch‐tuned coil with the surface coil increased SNR for by a factor of 4.2 over transmit/receive operation of the switch‐tuned coil alone.ConclusionA surface coil can be integrated with a switch‐tuned 13C ‐ 1H coil for 13C TORO operation producing improved SNR. In vivo metabolic imaging of [1‐13C]pyruvate in a rat model of glioma is demonstrated using TORO operation, which is co‐registered with 1H‐imaged anatomy.J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:1082–1090. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.