bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploration of the impact of a voice activated decision support system (VADSS) with video on resuscitation performance by lay rescuers during simulated cardiopulmonary arrest
Authors: Hunt Elizabeth A , Heine Margaret , Shilkofski Nicole S , Bradshaw Jamie Haggerty , Nelson-McMillan Kristen , Duval-Arnould Jordan , Elfenbein Ron 
Published: November 2013

AimTo assess whether access to a voice activated decision support system (VADSS) containing video clips demonstrating resuscitation manoeuvres was associated with increased compliance with American Heart Association Basic Life Support (AHA BLS) guidelines.MethodsThis was a prospective, randomised controlled trial. Subjects with no recent clinical experience were randomised to the VADSS or control group and participated in a 5-min simulated out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest with another ‘bystander’. Data on performance for predefined outcome measures based on the AHA BLS guidelines were abstracted from videos and the simulator log.Results31 subjects were enrolled (VADSS 16 vs control 15), with no significant differences in baseline characteristics. Study subjects in the VADSS were more likely to direct the bystander to: (1) perform compressions to ventilations at the correct ratio of 30:2 (VADSS 15/16 (94%) vs control 4/15 (27%), p=<0.001) and (2) insist the bystander switch compressor versus ventilator roles after 2 min (VADSS 12/16 (75%) vs control 2/15 (13%), p=0.001). The VADSS group took longer to initiate chest compressions than the control group: VADSS 159.5 (±53) s versus control 78.2 (±20) s, p<0.001. Mean no-flow fractions were very high in both groups: VADSS 72.2% (±0.1) versus control 75.4 (±8.0), p=0.35.ConclusionsThe use of an audio and video assisted decision support system during a simulated out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest prompted lay rescuers to follow cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) guidelines but was also associated with an unacceptable delay to starting chest compressions. Future studies should explore: (1) if video is synergistic to audio prompts, (2) how mobile technologies may be leveraged to spread CPR decision support and (3) usability testing to avoid unintended consequences.
Comparative audit of oxygen use in the prehospital setting in acute COPD exacerbation over 5 years
Authors: Pilcher Janine , Cameron Laird , Braithwaite Irene , Bowles Darren , Swain Andrew , Bailey Mark , Weatherall Mark , Beasley Richard , Perrin Kyle 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundIn 2009 the Wellington Free Ambulance implemented an education programme to reduce high concentration oxygen delivery to patients with an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). The aim of this audit was to compare pre-hospital oxygen delivery to patients with AECOPD before and after the programme.MethodsAn audit of patients who presented to Wellington Regional Hospital by ambulance with an AECOPD in 2005 and then in 2010, after implementation of the education programme. Oxygen therapy was categorised as: HIGH, supplemental high concentration oxygen therapy ≥3 L/min and/or delivery via high concentration mask; NEB, high concentration oxygen only during nebuliser use; or LOW, neither of these.ResultsIn 2005 those in the HIGH, NEB and LOW categories were 81 (75.0%), 18 (16.7%) and 9 (8.3%) of 108 identified patients. In 2010 those in the HIGH, NEB and LOW categories were 80 (44.0%), 61 (33.5%) and 41 (22.5%) of 182 identified patients. The proportions of patients in the three oxygen groups were significantly different between 2005 and 2010 (p<0.001).ConclusionsThe proportion of patients administered supplemental high concentration oxygen therapy markedly decreased between 2005 and 2010 following implementation of the education programme. However, in 2010 more than half of the patients not managed with high concentration oxygen therapy were still exposed to high concentration oxygen through the use of oxygen-driven nebulisers. To reduce exposure to high concentration oxygen in AECOPD the use of air-driven nebulisers or metered dose inhalers with spacers is required.
Acute pesticide poisoning outcomes: a nationwide study in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Chieh-Fan , Lin Hsing-Lin , Chou Huei-Yin , Hsu Wen-Chi , Shi Hon-Yi 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundThis study presents the findings of a nationwide study of acute pesticide poisoning (APP) outcomes, including outcome predictors such as physician and hospital volume and associated factors.MethodsThis study of data contained in the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database analysed 27 046 patients who had been hospitalised for APP from January 1996 to December 2007. Patient characteristics were then compared among quartiles. The primary outcome measures were length of stay (LOS) and hospital treatment cost. Effect size (ES) was compared among three equally divided periods, and multiple regression models were used to identify outcome predictors.ResultsThe overall prevalence of APP per 100 000 patients decreased from 12.43 in 1996 to 6.87 in 2007. The LOS for APP treatment was negatively associated with physician volume during the study period. Both LOS and hospital treatment cost were lowest in the high hospital volume subgroup. Comparisons of LOS and hospital treatment cost among the three periods showed that high-volume hospitals and high-volume physicians had better ESs compared to low-volume hospitals and low-volume physicians. Age and number of co-morbidities had significant positive associations with LOS, while admission year, male gender, hospital level, hospital volume and physician volume had significant negative associations with LOS (p<0.05). Hospital treatment cost and hospital level correlated positively with admission year, number of co-morbidities and LOS but correlated negatively with hospital volume and physician volume (p<0.05).ConclusionsIn APP patients, treatment by a high-volume physician can reduce LOS and treatment cost.
Do changes in socioeconomic factors lead to changes in mental health? Findings from three waves of a population based panel study
Authors: Mckenzie Sarah K , Imlach Gunasekara Fiona , Richardson Ken , Carter Kristie 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundThere has been little investigation of changes in socioeconomic measuresandmental health (MH)/illness over time within individuals using methods that control for time-invariant unobserved confounders. We investigate whether changes in multiple socioeconomic measures are associated with self-reported MH using fixed effects methods to control for unobserved time-invariant confounding.MethodsData from three waves of a panel study with information on MH, psychological distress, labour force status, household income, area and individual deprivation. Fixed effects regression modelling was used to explore whether changes in socioeconomic exposures were associated with changes in MH. We also compared increases and decreases in exposure with changes in MH using first difference models.ResultsRespondents who moved into inactive labour force status experienced a 1.34 unit (95% CI −1.85 to −0.82) decline in SF-36 MH score and a 0.50 unit (95% CI 0.34 to 0.67) increase in psychological distress score. An increase in individual deprivation was associated with a 1.47 unit (95% CI −1.67 to −1.28) decline in MH score and a 0.57 unit (95% CI 0.51 to 0.63) increase in psychological distress. Increasing and decreasing levels of individual deprivation were associated with significant changes in both outcomes.ConclusionsThis paper suggests that moving from employment to inactivity and changes in levels of individual deprivation may be more important for short-term MH outcomes than changes in household income or area deprivation. Providing short-term social and economic support for those experiencing financial/material hardship should be considered in interventions to reduce inequalities in MH.
Biomechanical comparison of menisci from different species and artificial constructs
Authors: Sandmann Gunther H , Adamczyk Christopher , Garcia Eduardo Grande , Doebele Stefan , Buettner Andreas , Milz Stefan , Imhoff Andreas B , Vogt Stefan , Burgkart Rainer , Tischer Thomas 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundLoss of meniscal tissue is correlated with early osteoarthritis but few data exist regarding detailed biomechanical properties (e.g. viscoelastic behavior) of menisci in different species commonly used as animal models. The purpose of the current study was to biomechanically characterize bovine, ovine, and porcine menisci (each n = 6, midpart of the medial meniscus) and compare their properties to that of normal and degenerated human menisci (n = 6) and two commercially available artificial scaffolds (each n = 3).MethodsSamples were tested in a cyclic, minimally constraint compression–relaxation test with a universal testing machine allowing the characterization of the viscoelastic properties including stiffness, residual force and relative sample compression. T-tests were used to compare the biomechanical parameters of all samples. Significance level was set at p < 0.05.ResultsThroughout cyclic testing stiffness, residual force and relative sample compression increased significantly (p < 0.05) in all tested meniscus samples. From the tested animal meniscus samples the ovine menisci showed the highest biomechanical similarity to human menisci in terms of stiffness (human: 8.54 N/mm ± 1.87, cycle 1; ovine: 11.24 N/mm ± 2.36, cycle 1, p = 0.0528), residual force (human: 2.99 N ± 0.63, cycle 1 vs. ovine 3.24 N ± 0.13, cycle 1, p = 0.364) and relative sample compression (human 19.92% ± 0.63, cycle 1 vs. 18.72% ± 1.84 in ovine samples at cycle 1, p = 0.162). The artificial constructs -as hypothesized- revealed statistically significant inferior biomechanical properties.ConclusionsFor future research the use of ovine meniscus would be desirable showing the highest biomechanical similarities to human meniscus tissue. The significantly different biomechanical properties of the artificial scaffolds highlight the necessity of cellular ingrowth and formation of extracellular matrix to gain viscoelastic properties. As a consequence, a period of unloading (at least partial weight bearing) is necessary, until the remodeling process in the scaffold is sufficient to withstand forces during weight bearing.
Simultaneous subchronic exposure to selenium and diazinon as possible risk factor for osteoporosis in adult male rats
Authors: Martiniaková Monika , Boboňová Ivana , Omelka Radoslav , Grosskopf Birgit , Chovancová Hana , Španková Jana , Toman Róbert 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background
Osteoporosis and its main health outcome, fragility fractures, are large and escalating health problems. Skeletal damage may be the critical result of low-level prolonged exposure to several xenobiotics in the general population, but the mechanisms of their adverse effects are not clearly understood. The current study was aimed to investigate the possible ability of simultaneous subchronic peroral administration of selenium (Se) and diazinon (DZN) to induce changes in bone of adult male rats.
In our study, twenty 1-month-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two experimental groups. In the first group, young males were exposed to 5 mg Na2SeO3/L and 40 mg of DZN/L in drinking water, for 90 days. Ten 1-month-old males without Se and DZN intoxication served as a control group. At the end of the experiment, macroscopic and microscopic structures of the femurs were analysed using analytical scales, sliding instrument, and polarized light microscopy.

Results
The body weight, femoral length and cortical bone thickness were significantly decreased in rats simultaneously exposed to Se and DZN (P < 0.05). These rats also displayed different microstructure in the middle part of the compact bone where vascular canals expanded into central area of substantia compacta. The canals occurred only near endosteal surfaces in rats from the control group. Additionally, a smaller number of primary and secondary osteons, as well as a few resorption lacunae were observed near endosteal surfaces in rats simultaneously administered to Se and DZN. The resorption lacunae as typical structures of bone resorption manifestation are connected with an early stage of osteoporosis. Histomorphometric analysis revealed that area, perimeter, maximum and minimum diameters of primary osteons’ vascular canals were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the Se-DZN-exposed rats. On the other hand, all measured variables of Haversian canals and secondary osteons were considerable reduced (P < 0.05) in these rats.

Conclusions
Simultaneous subchronic peroral exposure to Se and DZN induces changes in macroscopic and microscopic structures of the femurs in adult male rats, and also it can be considered as possible risk factor for osteoporosis. The current study contributes to the knowledge on damaging impact of several xenobiotics on the bone.
Adipose Inflammation in Obesity: Relationship With Circulating Levels of Inflammatory Markers and Association With Surgery-Induced Weight Loss
Authors: Lasselin Julie , Magne Eric , Beau Cédric , Ledaguenel Patrick , Dexpert Sandra , Aubert Agnès , Layé Sophie , Capuron Lucile 
Published: November 2013

Context:
The inflammatory state of the adipose tissue is believed to contribute to systemic low-grade inflammation in obesity.

Objective:
This study assessed the relationship between adipose and circulating inflammatory markers as well as the influence of adipose inflammation on bariatric surgery-induced weight reduction.

Design:
This was a cross-sectional and longitudinal study (up to 14 mo).

Setting:
The study was conducted in the digestive/bariatric surgery department of the Tivoli and Jean Villar clinics, Bordeaux, France.

Patients:
Thirty-seven obese patients [body mass index (BMI) &gt; 35–40 kg/m2)] seeking bariatric surgery were included. Twenty-eight of them were successively followed up at 1–3 months after surgery and 25 between 6 and 14 months after surgery.

Main Outcome Measures:
Fasting serum samples were collected before surgery to assess concentrations of inflammatory markers. Samples of visceral adipose tissue were extracted during surgery and gene expression of cytokines and immune cell markers were evaluated using quantitative RT-PCR. Pre- and postsurgery weight and BMI were collected.

Results:
Gene expression of several cytokines were strongly intercorrelated in the visceral adipose tissue. Adipose expression of macrophage and T cell markers were related to adipose expression of TNF-α and IL-1 receptor antagonist (P &lt; .01) and to systemic levels of TNF-α (P &lt; .01) and IL-6 (P &lt; .05). A higher inflammatory state of the adipose tissue predicted a lower BMI reduction after surgery (P &lt; .05), notably at early stages after surgery.

Conclusions:
These findings support the involvement of macrophages and T cells in adipose inflammation and provide new information regarding the role of the visceral adipose tissue in the inflammatory state of obesity and its impact on obesity treatment outcomes, such as surgery-induced weight loss.
‘Alien Qualities’: Hanne Darboven – constructing time
Authors: Lauder Adam 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Hanne Darboven’s numerical practice fulfils Alain Badiou’s definition of a new artistic configuration (albeit one that the philosopher does not foretell). Darboven’s writing – like that of Isidore Ducasse – subverts ordinary thinking through the ‘alien qualities’ of mathematics. Yet, in Darboven’s grammatical oeuvre, infinity emerges as a function of number’s capacity to be thought simultaneously across an unlimited number of discursive series. Her art affirms the plasticity of number by dispersing numerical series across a continuous surface. These surface effects simultaneously recall the disjunctive temporality of the Aion described by Gilles Deleuze in The Logic of Sense (2004). Finally, Darboven’s writing of number also reveals traces of broader social transformations that emerged during the 1960s in tandem with unprecedented advances in automation and computing: particularly neo-Taylorist and cybernetic approaches to the administration of workers’ time. But crises in labour practices are appropriated by Darboven as techniques of subjectivization that the artist always subverts to her own ends.
The Role of a Pollen-Expressed Cullin1 Protein in Gametophytic Self-Incompatibility in Solanum
Authors: Li Wentao , Chetelat Roger T 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
We previously isolated a pollen factor, ui6.1, which encodes a Cullin1 protein (CUL1) that functions in unilateral interspecific incompatibility (UI) in Solanum. Here we show that CUL1 is also required for pollen function in self-incompatibility (SI). We used RNA interference (RNAi) to reduce CUL1 expression in pollen of Solanum arcanum, a wild SI tomato relative. Hemizygous T0 plants showed little or no transmission of the transfer DNA (T-DNA) through pollen when crossed onto nontransgenic SI plants, indicating that CUL1-deficient pollen are selectively eliminated. When crossed onto a related self-compatible (SC) accession lacking active S-RNase, pollen transmission of the T-DNA followed Mendelian ratios. These results provide further evidence for functional overlap between SI and UI on the pollen side and suggest that CUL1 mutations will reinforce SI-to-SC transitions in natural populations only if preceded by loss of pistil S-RNase expression.
The extraosseal intrathoracic radiopaque bone cyst in West Highland White Terrier – a case report
Authors: Ledecký Valent , Revajová Viera , Páleník Ľubomír , Kuricová Mária , Capík Igor , Horňák Slavomír 
Published: November 2013

The aim of this report was to present a clinical case and diagnostics of intrathoracic bone cyst as well as successful outcome of the surgical treatment in a male, 3-year-old West Highland White Terrier dog, weighing 6.9 kg. The dog was admitted in a very poor condition with clinical signs of severe dyspnoea that developed during about one month period of time before admission to our clinic. The dog underwent physical examination and further examinations including radiological examination which revealed a radiopaque mass formation in the cranial mediastinum. Ultrasonographic examination showed the presence of fluid; following thoracentesis revealed pseudochylous fluid. The bone cyst was surgically removed and more than 10 months after surgery the dog’s health was very good without any difficulties. Bone cysts in dogs are infrequent; this was the first case at our clinic and presented a successful treatment.
Detection of DGAT1 gene polymorphism and its effect on selected biochemical indicators in dairy cows after calving
Authors: Lešková Lenka , Bauer Miroslav , Chrenek Peter , Lacková Zuzana , Soročinová Jana , Petrovič Vladimír , Kováč Gabriel 
Published: November 2013

The aim of the study was to detect DGAT1 K232A polymorphism in 57 dairy cows of the Slovak Spotted breed and its crossbreds, and to assess possible effect of the given polymorphism on selected metabolic indices in blood serum after calving. Using the PCR-RFLP method with improved primers enabling better differentiation of genotypes we identified 45 homozygotes for alanine variant in this locus (AA genotype), 2 homozygotes for lysine variant (KK genotype), and 10 heterozygotes (AK genotype). Genotype frequencies were 0.790 for AA genotype, 0.175 for AK genotype, and only 0.035 for KK genotype. Allele frequencies were counted as 0.877 for A allele and 0.123 for K allele. In both groups of animals (AA and AK genotype) increased mean values above the upper reference limit of lactate dehydrogenase, and total bilirubin, and decreased levels below the lower reference limit of triglycerides were detected. In the group of animals with AA genotype we also noticed decreased levels of non-esterified fatty acids. On the other hand, increased serum concentrations of total immunoglobulins were found in animals with AK and KK genotype. This is the first study concerning DGAT1 polymorphism in the Slovak Spotted breed and its association with selected biochemical indicators.
Structural changes of mucous membrane and the presence of immunoglobulins in small intestines of neonatal pigs
Authors: Kanka Tomáš , Rolinec Michal , Šťastná Danka , Imrich Ivan , Bíro Daniel , Gálik Branislav 
Published: November 2013

The structure of the small intestine of neonatal pigs has an important effect on immunoglobulin absorption. The aim of the experiment was to observe changes in the mucous membrane and the presence of immunoglobulins in the intestines of piglets during the first hours of their postnatal lives. In total, 80 piglets of the Large White breed were divided into two groups of 40 pigs. One group (control) came from an infection-free breeding, the other (experimental) group came from a breeding with the reproduction and respiration syndrome of pigs. Samples (n = 80) of duodenum, jejunum and ileum were taken at intervals of 0, 3, 6 and 12 h after colostrum intake in order to carry out histological tests. Primary pig antibodies were detected by immunohistochemical staining. The low content of immunoglobulins IgG, IgA and IgM was detected in all segments of intestines of precolostral piglets. Difference (P < 0.05) in size of the mucous membrane was found in the duodenum at the interval of 0, 3 and 6 h (46.03%), in the jejunum at 0 and 12 h (45.98%) and in favour of the control group. Compared to the control group, more Ig (P < 0.01) antibodies were observed in the experimental group: in the duodenum IgG at 12 h (37.22 vs. 10.81%), IgA, 6 h (43.29 vs. 16.71%), IgM, 12 h (25.29 vs. 8.40%), in the jejunum at IgG 12 h (23.97 vs. 9.96%), IgA, 0 h (0.48 vs. 0.37%) and IgM, 3 h (21.80 vs. 10.10%), in the ileum IgG, 0 h (0.38 vs. 0.29%), IgA, 3 h (20.46 vs. 6.45%), IgM, 3 h (31.5 vs. 12.29%). We can conclude that the colostrum intake and the presence of reproduction and respiration syndrome of pigs resulted in changes of microscopic structures of intestines as well as in the presence of Ig in piglet intestines. These mucosal changes significantly affect the development of passive immunity in piglets in the postnatal period.
Experiences with Rituximab for the Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases with Ocular Involvement
Authors: Pelegrin Laura , Jakob Eva , Schmidt-Bacher Annette , Schwenger Vedat , Becker Matthias , Max Regina , Lorenz Hans Martin , Mackensen Friederike 
Published: November 2013

Objective.To report the efficacy of rituximab (RTX) in the treatment of ocular or orbital inflammation accompanying autoimmune diseases refractory to previous standard immunosuppressive therapy.Methods.We reviewed medical records of 9 consecutive patients with noninfectious ocular or orbital inflammation treated with RTX.Results.Over a mean followup of 42 months, 7 patients were in clinical remission, 1 had partial response to treatment, and 1 did not respond. Best corrected visual acuity improved ≥ 1 line in 4 patients, was stable in another 4 patients, and worsened in 1. Concomitant immunosuppressive therapy was tapered in 6 cases. Systemic corticosteroids were tapered or kept below 7.5 mg a day in 5 patients 1 year after the first RTX cycle.Conclusion.RTX therapy, in patients who are refractory to standard immunosuppressive therapy, was effective and showed a beneficial response to treatment including induction of clinical remission of inflammation in most patients.