bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A UWB semi‐ring MIMO antenna with isolation enhancement
Authors: Dhar Sagar K. , Sharawi Mohammad S. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTIn this article, an ultrawideband two element multiple‐input‐multiple‐output antenna is presented. The antenna is designed on a low cost FR4 substrate having an overall size of 50 × 90 × 1.52 mm3. The measured −10dB impedance bandwidth covers 1.85–10.6 GHz. The size of each radiator is 12 × 24 mm2 which is 0.011
where λ0 is the free space wavelength at 1.85 GHz. The minimum measured gain and efficiency are found to be 1.22 dBi and 51.8%, respectively. The isolation of the antenna is enhanced using a fork shaped structure. The measured isolation is more than 10 dB over the entire operating band. The measured envelop correlation coefficient is less than 0.16 while a diversity gain of approximately 9.5 dB is achieved. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1941–1946, 2015
4D Flow MRI‐based pressure loss estimation in stenotic flows: Evaluation using numerical simulations
Authors: Casas Belen , Lantz Jonas , Dyverfeldt Petter , Ebbers Tino 
Published: May 2015

PurposeTo assess how 4D flow MRI‐based pressure and energy loss estimates correspond to net transstenotic pressure gradients (TPGnet) and their dependence on spatial resolution.MethodsNumerical velocity data of stenotic flow were obtained from computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations in geometries with varying stenosis degrees, poststenotic diameters and flow rates. MRI measurements were simulated at different spatial resolutions. The simplified and extended Bernoulli equations, Pressure‐Poisson equation (PPE), and integration of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and viscous dissipation were compared against the true TPGnet.ResultsThe simplified Bernoulli equation overestimated the true TPGnet (8.74 ± 0.67 versus 6.76 ± 0.54 mmHg). The extended Bernoulli equation performed better (6.57 ± 0.53 mmHg), although errors remained at low TPGnet. TPGnet estimations using the PPE were always close to zero. Total TKE and viscous dissipation correlated strongly with TPGnet for each geometry (r2 > 0.93) and moderately considering all geometries (r2 = 0.756 and r2 = 0.776, respectively). TKE estimates were accurate and minorly impacted by resolution. Viscous dissipation was overall underestimated and resolution dependent.ConclusionSeveral parameters overestimate or are not linearly related to TPGnet and/or depend on spatial resolution. Considering idealized axisymmetric geometries and in absence of noise, TPGnet was best estimated using the extended Bernoulli equation. Magn Reson Med 75:1808–1821, 2016. © 2015 The Authors. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance.
Second‐order motion‐compensated spin echo diffusion tensor imaging of the human heart
Authors: Stoeck Christian T. , von Deuster Constantin , Genet Martin , Atkinson David , Kozerke Sebastian 
Published: May 2015

PurposeMyocardial microstructure has been challenging to probe in vivo. Spin echo–based diffusion‐weighted sequences allow for single‐shot acquisitions but are highly sensitive to cardiac motion. In this study, the use of second‐order motion‐compensated diffusion encoding was compared with first‐order motion‐compensated diffusion‐weighted imaging during systolic contraction of the heart.MethodsFirst‐ and second‐order motion‐compensated diffusion encoding gradients were incorporated into a triggered single‐shot spin echo sequence. The effect of contractile motion on the apparent diffusion coefficients and tensor orientations was investigated in vivo from basal to apical level of the heart.ResultsSecond‐order motion compensation was found to increase the range of systolic trigger delays from 30%–55% to 15%–77% peak systole at the apex and from 25%–50% to 15%–79% peak systole at the base. Diffusion tensor analysis yielded more physiological transmural distributions when using second‐order motion‐compensated diffusion tensor imaging.ConclusionHigher‐order motion‐compensated diffusion encoding decreases the sensitivity to cardiac motion, thereby enabling cardiac DTI over a wider range of time points during systolic contraction of the heart. Magn Reson Med 75:1669–1676, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantitative assessment of amide proton transfer (APT) and nuclear overhauser enhancement (NOE) imaging with extrapolated semisolid magnetization transfer reference (EMR) signals: II. Comparison of three EMR models and application to human brain glioma at 3 Tesla
Authors: Heo Hye‐Young , Zhang Yi , Jiang Shanshan , Lee Dong‐Hoon , Zhou Jinyuan 
Published: May 2015

PurposeTo evaluate the use of three extrapolated semisolid magnetization transfer reference (EMR) methods to quantify amide proton transfer (APT) and nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE) signals in human glioma.MethodsEleven patients with high‐grade glioma were scanned at 3 Tesla. aEMR2 (asymmetric magnetization‐transfer or MT model to fit two‐sided, wide‐offset data), sEMR2 (symmetric MT model to fit two‐sided, wide‐offset data), and sEMR1 (symmetric MT model to fit one‐sided, wide‐offset data) were assessed. ZEMR and experimental data at 3.5 ppm and −3.5 ppm were subtracted to calculate the APT and NOE signals (APT# and NOE#), respectively.ResultsThe aEMR2 and sEMR1 models provided quite similar APT# signals, while the sEMR2 provided somewhat lower APT# signals. The aEMR2 had an erroneous NOE# quantification. Calculated APT# signal intensities of glioma (∼4%), much larger than the values reported previously, were significantly higher than those of edema and normal tissue. Compared with normal tissue, gadolinium‐enhancing tumor cores were consistently hyperintense on the APT# maps and slightly hypointense on the NOE# maps.ConclusionThe sEMR1 model is the best choice for accurately quantifying APT and NOE signals. The APT‐weighted hyperintensity in the tumor was dominated by the APT effect, and the MT asymmetry at 3.5 ppm is a reliable and valid metric for APT imaging of gliomas at 3T.Magn Reson Med 75:1630–1639, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Large strain phase‐field‐based multi‐material topology optimization
Authors: Wallin Mathias , Ivarsson Niklas , Ristinmaa Matti 
Published: May 2015

SummaryA multi‐material topology optimization scheme is presented. The formulation includes an arbitrary number of phases with different mechanical properties. To ensure that the sum of the volume fractions is unity and in order to avoid negative phase fractions, an obstacle potential function, which introduces infinity penalty for negative densities, is utilized. The problem is formulated for nonlinear deformations, and the objective of the optimization is the end displacement. The boundary value problems associated with the optimization problem and the equilibrium equation are solved using the finite element method. To illustrate the possibilities of the method, it is applied to a simple boundary value problem where optimal designs using multiple phases are considered. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bedarfsgerechte Instandsetzung der Korrosionsschutzbeschichtung von Eisenbahnbrücken aus Stahl
Authors: Petraschek Thomas 
Published: May 2015

AbstractDie Eisenbahnbrücke über den Inn zwischen Braunau in Österreich und Simbach in Deutschland, die neue Hilfsbrückengeneration der ÖBB‐Infrastruktur AG und die Eisenbahnbrücke Nußdorfer Schleusenwerke haben trotz unterschiedlichster Konstruktionen, Anlagenalter und Verwendungszweck eine globale Gemeinsamkeit. Alle drei Konstruktionen sind Stahlkonstruktionen, die zur Einhaltung ihrer geplanten Nutzungsdauer eine Beschichtung benötigen. In allen drei Fällen haben die gängigen, dazu vorhandenen Regelwerke nicht die ausreichende Grundlage geschaffen, eine zielgerichtete, effiziente und auch kostengünstige Umsetzung der Beschichtung festlegen zu können.Anhand der drei Beispiele wird im nachfolgenden Beitrag aufgezeigt, wie sich die ÖBB‐Infrastruktur AG der trotz alledem sehr guten normativen Grundlagen bedient, diese aber mit auf den Einflussgrößen Umweltrandbedingungen und Stahlbaudetaildurchbildung aufbauenden zeitabhängigen Verfallskurven ergänzt und so nunmehr abweichend dazu neue Wege geht, um im Sinne des Life‐Cycle‐Managements bei der Festlegung der Maßnahme die richtige Maßnahme zum richtigen Zeitpunkt zu detektieren.Reconditioning of the corrosion protection coating of steel railway bridges as really needed. The railway bridge crossing the Inn near Braunau, the new generation of auxiliary bridges of the ÖBB‐Infrastruktur AG and the railway bridge called Nußdorfer Schleusenwerke have in spite of different steel structures, different age of structure and different purpose of use one global similarity. All three are steel bridge structures which need coating systems to achieve their planned service life. In all three cases there are no really useful standards to determine an efficient, purposeful and low‐cost solution.Based on these three samples this paper will show a way the ÖBB‐Infrastruktur AG went to dedicate a solution combining the really good contents of the existing standards with models for degradation including boundary conditions as environment and structural steel details. At the end there should be the right action at the right time.
Die Retheklappbrücke in Hamburg
Authors: Lechner Martin , Menzel Andreas , Fiebinger Rainer 
Published: May 2015

AbstractDie neue Doppelklappbrücke wird ab 2016 die 1934 erbaute Rethehubbrücke in Hamburg ersetzen. Sie besteht in Summe aus vier Brückenklappen, von denen jeweils zwei mittels einer Mittenverriegelung in Längsrichtung gekoppelt sind. Jede Klappbrücke hat eine Spannweite von 104,2 m zwischen den Drehlagern und gehört damit zu den weltweit größten ihrer Art. Im hochgeklappten Zustand öffnet sich eine Fahrrinne für den Schiffsverkehr von 64 m Breite und unbegrenzter Höhe. Eine Klappbrücke bedient den Eisenbahnverkehr, die andere den Straßenverkehr. Die Klappbrücken sind nebeneinander angeordnet und unabhängig voneinander bewegbar. Die Gesamtbreite der Straßenklappbrücke beträgt 14,00 m, die Gesamtbreite der Bahnklappbrücke 10,30 m. Die Brückenklappen verfügen über einen hydraulischen Antrieb mittels Hydraulikzylindern und hydraulisch betriebenen Rückarmriegeln. Eine Besonderheit liegt in der Ausführung der Mittenverriegelung als Fingerverriegelung ohne bewegte Teile. Diese Mittenverriegelung überträgt sowohl Querkräfte als auch Biegemomente. Im Juli 2014 wurden die Brückenklappen mittels Schwimmkran eingehoben, auf den Drehlagerböcken aufgesetzt und mittels des Hydraulikantriebs in die Hochlage geklapptThe Rethe Bascule Bridge in Hamburg – Particular features about mechanics and electrics. The new double bascule bridge in Hamburg will substitute the Rethe vertical lift bridge from 1936 by 2016. In total it consists of four bridge leaves, of which each two are connected longitudinally by a middle locking system. Each bascule bridge shows a span of 104.2 m in‐between the pivot bearings and therefore belongs to world’s largest of its kind. In raised condition a watercourse of 64 m width and unlimited height is opened. One bascule bridge serves for rail traffic, the other one for road traffic. The bascule bridges are located side by side and may be actuated independently of each other. The total width of the road bascule bridge is 14.00 m, of the railway bascule bridge 10.30 m. The bridge leaves dispose of a hydraulic drive by means of hydraulic cylinders and hydraulically actuated rear locks. One particularity inherited is the realization of the middle locking system as finger locking without movable parts. This middle locking device is able to transmit shear forces as well as bending moments. In July 2014 the bridge leaves were lifted in by a floating crane, positioned on the pivot bearing substructure and lifted into open position by the hydraulic drive.
Tributyltin induces disruption of microfilament in HL7702 cells via MAPK‐mediated hyperphosphorylation of VASP
Authors: Tu Wei‐wei , Ji Lin‐dan , Qian Hai‐xia , Zhou Mi , Zhao Jin‐shun , Xu Jin 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTributyltin (TBT) has been widely used for various industrial purposes, and it has toxic effects on multiple organs and tissues. Previous studies have found that TBT could induce cytoskeletal disruption, especially of the actin filaments. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to determine whether TBT could induce microfilament disruption using HL7702 cells and then to assess for the total levels of various microfilament‐associated proteins; finally, the involvement of the MAPK pathway was investigated. The results showed that after TBT treatment, F‐actin began to depolymerize and lost its characteristic filamentous structure. The protein levels of Ezrin and Cofilin remained unchanged, the actin‐related protein (ARP) 2/3 levels decreased slightly, and the vasodilator‐stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) decreased dramatically. However, the phosphorylation levels of VASP increased 2.5‐fold, and the ratio of phosphorylated‐VASP/unphosphorylated‐VASP increased 31‐fold. The mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) ERK and JNK were discovered to be activated. Inhibition of ERK and JNK not only largely diminished the TBT‐induced hyperphosphorylation of VASP but also recovered the cellular morphology and rescued the cells from death. In summary, this study demonstrates that TBT‐induced disruption of actin filaments is caused by the hyperphosphorylation of VASP through MAPK pathways. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1530–1538, 2016.
Identification of time‐dependent biomarkers and effects of exposure to volatile organic compounds using high‐throughput analysis
Authors: Hong Ji Young , Yu So Yeon , Kim Gi Won , Ahn Jeong Jin , Kim Youngjoo , Lim Seri , Son Sang Wook , Hwang Seung Yong 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTVolatile organic compounds (VOCs) can be easily taken up by humans, leading to various diseases, such as respiratory system and central nervous system disorders. Environmental risk assessment is generally conducted using traditional tests, which may be time‐consuming and technically challenging. Therefore, analysis of the effects of VOCs, such as toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene, may be improved by use of novel, high‐throughput methods, such as microarray analysis. In this study, we examined the effects of VOCs exposure in humans on gene expression and methylation using microarray analysis. We recruited participants who had short‐term exposure, long‐term exposure, or no exposure. We then analyzed changes in gene expression in blood samples from these participants. A total of 866 genes were upregulated, while 366 genes were downregulated in the short‐term exposure group. Similarly, in the long‐term exposure group, a total of 852 and 480 genes were up‐ or downregulated, respectively. Hierarchical clustering analysis was used to divide the clustered genes into nine clusters to investigate the expression of variations in accordance with the exposure period. And the methylation microarray was performed at the same time to see whether this expression variation is related to the epigenetic study. Finally, we have 5 genes that were upregulated and 12 genes that were downregulated, gradually and respectively, so these genes are expected to function as biomarkers of the duration of exposure to VOCs. Further research is required to determine the time‐dependent effects of VOCs on epigenetic regulation of gene expression. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1563–1570, 2016.
A preload cooperative sensing scheme with low overhead in cognitive radio networks
Authors: Liu Lizheng , Liu Fangai , Yang Lu , Liu Jian , Zhang Zhizhong 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn cognitive radio networks (CRNs), users can collaborate to improve the accuracy of spectrum sensing, but a large number of secondary users reporting their local sensing results may create significant overhead. In this paper, we propose a new pre‐sensing scheme, called preload cooperative sensing (PCS), which not only attains the given sensing accuracy for CRNs but also reduces the whole sensing time T. In order to reduce the sensing overhead in CRNs, the proposed scheme adopts two key technologies: selective reporting technology and pre‐sensing sequential detection technology. Selective reporting technology implies that only those users, which detect the presence of primary users, need to report the results, while pre‐sensing sequential detection technology is an asynchronous parallel scheme, which sets a threshold to determine the presence of primary users. Considering the preload sensing slots, we derive a formula to express the overall miss detection probability, and at a given Quality of Service (QoS) value, the sensing overheads of PCS are analyzed over Rayleigh fading channel. Also, we consider the overhead minimization problems in PCS. Simulation results show the superiority and efficiency of the PCS scheme. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differential Expression of Cell Cycle Regulators During Hyperplastic and Hypertrophic Growth of Broiler Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue
Authors: Zhang J. , Suh Y. , Choi Y. M. , Chen P. R. , Davis M. E. , Lee K. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractHyperplastic growth and hypertrophic growth within adipose tissue is tightly associated with cell cycle activity. In this study, CCNG2 and CDKN2C were found to be correlated with cell cycle inhibition during fat cell differentiation, whereas CCND3, CCNA1, and ANAPC5 were positively associated with cell cycle activity during fat cell proliferation after selection based on GEO datasets available on the NCBI website. The findings were validated through comparison of expressions of these genes among different tissues/fractions in broiler chickens and time points during primary cell culture using quantitative real‐time PCR. Development of broiler subcutaneous adipose tissue was investigated on embryonic days 15 and 17 and on post‐hatch days 0, 5, 11, and 33 using H&E staining and PCNA immunostaining with DAPI counter stain. In addition, mRNA expressions of five cell cycle regulators as well as precursor cell and adipocyte markers were measured at those time points. The results suggest that cellular proliferation activity decreased as the fat pad grows, but a population of precursor cells seemed to be maintained until post‐hatch day 5 despite increasing differentiation activity. Hypertrophic growth gradually intensified despite a slight cessation on post‐hatch day 0 due to increased energy expenditure during hatching and delayed food access. From post‐hatch day 5 to day 11, most of the precursor cells may become differentiated. After post‐hatch day 11, hyperplastic growth seemed to slow, while hypertrophic growth may become dominant. This study provides further understanding about broiler fat tissue development which is imperative for effective control of fat deposition.
Comparing the relationship between subjective memory complaints, objective memory performance, and medial temporal lobe volumes in patients with mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Fyock Courtney A. , Hampstead Benjamin M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIntroductionThis study examined the relationship between subjective memory complaints (both self‐ and informant‐report), objective memory performance, and medial temporal lobe (MTL) volume.MethodsMild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients (n = 58) and their informants (n = 51) completed the Memory Assessment Clinics self‐ (MAC‐S) and family (MAC‐F)‐rating scales as a measure of subjective memory. Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) Immediate and Delayed Memory indices were used as objective measures of memory and a subset of MCI participants also underwent magnetic resonance imaging, which was used to measure MTL volume.ResultsPatients reported greater difficulty with semantically based information (e.g., word and name recall) relative to informant report. However, the severity of these self‐reports was unrelated to objective memory performance and only a single MAC‐S scale was related to amygdalar volume. Conversely, several MAC‐F indices were related to the RBANS Delayed Memory index and to amygdalar and hippocampal volumes. Measures of executive functioning were associated with MAC‐S frequency scales but not any MAC‐F scale.DiscussionThe results of this study suggest that, in those who are cognitively symptomatic, the frequency of self‐reported subjective memory difficulty may reflect executive dysfunction but holds little value for verifying memory impairment. Conversely, informant report provides meaningful information about actual memory deficits in those with MCI.
Incidence of anismus in fecal incontinence patients evaluated at a Coloproctology service
Authors: Rotta Larissa Sokol , Lima Doryane Maria dos Reis , Chiumento Dayanne Alba , Sagae Univaldo Etsuo 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Introduction Fecal incontinence is defined as a loss of bladder and bowel control. Anismus is characterized by a paradoxical contraction or inappropriate relaxation of pelvic floor muscles while trying to evacuate, being usually associated with constipation (60%). However, anismus can be present in 46% of patients with fecal incontinence.
Objective To analyze the incidence of anismus in patients diagnosed with fecal incontinence in an outpatient Coloproctology Clinic of Paraná.
Methodology A retrospective study of 66 patients diagnosed with fecal incontinence at Coloproctology Clinic, Hospital São Lucas, from February 2012 to October 2013. Patients were evaluated by clinical history and examination by anorectal electromanometry.
Results The mean age of participants was 56 years. Regarding the evaluation by anorectal electromanometry, mean resting pressure, contraction pressure and sustained contraction pressure were, respectively, 35.18 mmHg, 90.53 mmHg and 58 mmHg. Anismus was seen in 42.42% of patients.
Conclusion Through this study, it can be inferred that the incidence of anismus has a relevant impact on patients diagnosed with fecal incontinence. Our results corroborate the importance of the concomitant management of anorectal continence mechanism changes, in order to emphasize the clinical benefits and improved quality of life for patients with fecal incontinence.
Faces from the Franklin expedition? Craniofacial reconstructions of two members of the 1845 northwest passage expedition
Authors: Stenton Douglas R. , Keenleyside Anne , Trepkov Diana P. , Park Robert W. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTIn 2013, partial skeletal remains from three members of the 1845 John Franklin expedition were recovered from an archaeological site at Erebus Bay, King William Island, Nunavut. The remains included three crania, two of which were sufficiently intact to allow craniofacial reconstructions. Identifications are not proposed for either reconstruction; however, tentative identifications are being explored through DNA analyses currently underway that include samples obtained from both crania.
“The Geordie accent has a bit of a bad reputation”: internal and external constraints on stative possession in the Tyneside English of the 21st century
Authors: Fehringer Carol , Corrigan Karen P. 
Published: May 2015

The subject of stative possession has generated much interest over the past decade, particularly regarding the origin of the constructionhave gotand its use in different varieties of British and North American English (e.g. Tagliamonte, 2003, 2013; Jankowski 2005; Tagliamonteet al., 2010). In these varieties,have gotalternates withhaveto mark possession in sentences such as those in (1) below.(1)a.We've gota nice lounge there you know, with French doors, and wehavethese seats we can take outside and sit (0711b).1b.That's the worse type of person. Theyhavenothing and then they've gotsomething and they think they are better than anybody else (0804a).