bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 levels in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: correlation with phenotypic characteristics and outcome
Authors: Fayad Luis , Keating Michael J. , Reuben James M. , O'Brien Susan , Lee Bang-Ning , Lerner Susan , Kurzrock Razelle 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the correlation between serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-10 levels and outcome in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Serum IL-6 and IL-10 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assays from 159 and 151 CLL patients, respectively, and from healthy control subjects (n = 55 [IL-6]; n = 37 [IL-10]). Cytokine levels were correlated with clinical features and survival. Serum IL-6 levels were higher in CLL patients (median, 1.45 pg/mL; range, undetectable to 110 pg/mL) than in control subjects (median, undetectable; range, undetectable to 4.30 pg/mL) (P &lt; .0001). Serum IL-10 levels were higher in CLL patients (median, 5.04 pg/mL; range, undetectable to 74 pg/mL) than in normal volunteers (median, undetectable; range, undetectable to 13.68 pg/mL) (P &lt; .00001). Assays measuring both Epstein-Barr virus-derived and human IL-10 yielded higher values than assays measuring primarily human IL-10 (P &lt; .05). Patients with elevation of serum IL-6 or IL-10 levels, or both, had worse median and 3-year survival (log rank P &lt; .001) and unfavorable characteristics (prior treatment, elevated β2-microglobulin or lactate dehydrogenase, or Rai stage III or IV). Elevated IL-6 and IL-10 levels were independent prognostic factors for survival when analyzed individually or in combination (Cox regression analysis). However, if β2-microglobulin was incorporated into the analysis, it was selected as an independent prognostic feature, and IL-6/IL-10 were no longer selected. In patients with CLL, serum IL-6 and IL-10 (viral and human) levels are elevated and correlate with adverse disease features and short survival. In multivariate analysis, however, β2-microglobulin is the most important prognostic factor.
Lineage switch induced by overexpression of Ets family transcription factor PU.1 in murine erythroleukemia cells
Authors: Yamada Toshiyuki , Abe Masaaki , Higashi Toshinori , Yamamoto Hitomi , Kihara-Negishi Fumiko , Sakurai Takuya , Shirai Toshikazu , Oikawa Tsuneyuki 
Published: July 2002

AbstractPU.1 is an Ets family transcription factor essential for myelomonocyte and B-cell development. We previously showed that overexpression of PU.1 in murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cells inhibits growth and erythroid differentiation and induces apoptosis of the cells. In an effort to identify target genes of PU.1 concerning these phenomena by using a messenger RNA differential display strategy, we found that some myeloid-specific and lymphoid-specific genes, such as the osteopontin gene, are transcriptionally up-regulated in MEL cells after overexpression of PU.1. We then found that expression of several myelomonocyte-specific genes, including the CAAT-enhancer-binding protein-α and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor genes, was induced in MEL cells after overexpression of PU.1. B-cell–specific genes were also examined, and expression of the CD19 gene was found to be induced. Expression of the myelomonocyte-specific proteins CD11b and F4/80 antigen but not the B-cell–specific proteins B220 and CD19 was also induced. After overexpression of PU.1, MEL cells became adherent and phagocytic and showed enhanced nitroblue tetrazolium reduction activity. Expression of myelomonocyte-specific and B-cell–specific genes was not induced when a mutant PU.1 with part of the activation domain deleted (a change found to inhibit erythroid differentiation of MEL cells) was expressed. These results indicate that PU.1 induces a lineage switch in MEL cells toward myelomonocytic cells and that its activation domain is essential for this effect. The results also suggest that the pathway of the lineage switch is distinct from that of inhibition of erythroid differentiation in MEL cells.
Morphologic and functional characterization of granulocytes and macrophages in embryonic and adult zebrafish
Authors: Lieschke Graham J. , Oates Andrew C. , Crowhurst Meredith O. , Ward Alister C. , Layton Judith E. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe zebrafish is a useful model organism for developmental and genetic studies. The morphology and function of zebrafish myeloid cells were characterized. Adult zebrafish contain 2 distinct granulocytes, a heterophil and a rarer eosinophil, both of which circulate and are generated in the kidney, the adult hematopoietic organ. Heterophils show strong histochemical myeloperoxidasic activity, although weaker peroxidase activity was observed under some conditions in eosinophils and erythrocytes. Embryonic zebrafish have circulating immature heterophils by 48 hours after fertilization (hpf). A zebrafish myeloperoxidase homologue (myeloid-specificperoxidase; mpx) was isolated. Phylogenetic analysis suggested it represented a gene ancestral to the mammalian myeloperoxidase gene family. It was expressed in adult granulocytes and in embryos from 18 hpf, first diffusely in the axial intermediate cell mass and then discretely in a dispersed cell population. Comparison of hemoglobinized cell distribution,mpx gene expression, and myeloperoxidase histochemistry in wild-type and mutant embryos confirmed that the latter reliably identified a population of myeloid cells. Studies in embryos after tail transection demonstrated that mpx- and peroxidase-expressing cells were mobile and localized to a site of inflammation, indicating functional capability of these embryonic granulocytes. Embryonic macrophages removed carbon particles from the circulation by phagocytosis. Collectively, these observations have demonstrated the early onset of zebrafish granulopoiesis, have proved that granulocytes circulate by 48 hpf, and have demonstrated the functional activity of embryonic granulocytes and macrophages. These observations will facilitate the application of this genetically tractable organism to the study of myelopoiesis.
Association of the Q576R polymorphism in the interleukin-4 receptor α chain with indolent mastocytosis limited to the skin
Authors: Daley Trisha , Metcalfe Dean D. , Akin Cem 
Published: July 2002

AbstractGain-of-function mutations in c-kit, which appear to contribute to mast cell hyperplasia, have been detected in both limited and aggressive forms of mastocytosis, suggesting that other mutations or polymorphisms may contribute to the clinical phenotype. Because addition of interleukin-4 (IL-4) to mast cell cultures is reported to induce apoptosis, the hypothesis was considered that individuals carrying the gain-of-function polymorphism Q576R in the cytoplasmic domain of the α-subunit of the IL-4 receptor (IL-4R) might be relatively resistant to the gain-of-function mutation in c-kit. To assess this possibility, 36 patients with either cutaneous or systemic mastocytosis were studied for association with the Q576R polymorphism. The Q576R polymorphism was found more frequently in those with disease limited to skin and who exhibited lower levels of surrogate disease markers. These data suggest that the Q576R IL-4R α- chain polymorphism may mitigate disease expression and confer a better prognosis in patients with mastocytosis.
US State Restrictions and Excess COVID-19 Pandemic Deaths
Authors: Ruhm Christopher J. 
Published: July 2024

ImportanceDespite considerable prior research, it remains unclear whether and by how much state COVID-19−related restrictions affected the number of pandemic deaths in the US.ObjectiveTo determine how state restrictions were associated with excess COVID-19 deaths over a 2-year analysis period.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a cross-sectional study using state-level mortality and population data from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for 2020 to 2022 compared with baseline data for 2017 to 2019. Data included the total US population, with separate estimates for younger than 45 years, 45 to 64 years, 65 to 84 years, and 85 years or older used to construct age-standardized measures. Age-standardized excess mortality rates and ratios for July 2020 to June 2022 were calculated and compared with prepandemic baseline rates. Excess death rates and ratios were then regressed on single or multiple restrictions, while controlling for excess death rates or ratios, from March 2020 to June 2020. Estimated values of the dependent variables were calculated for packages of weak vs strong state restrictions. Behavioral changes were investigated as a potential mechanism for the overall effects. Data analyses were performed from October 1, 2023, to June 13, 2024.ExposuresAge and cause of death.Main OutcomesExcess deaths, age-standardized excess death rates per 100 000, and excess death ratios.ResultsMask requirements and vaccine mandates were negatively associated with excess deaths, prohibitions on vaccine or mask mandates were positively associated with death rates, and activity limitations were mostly not associated with death rates. If all states had imposed restrictions similar to those used in the 10 most restrictive states, excess deaths would have been an estimated 10% to 21% lower than the 1.18 million that actually occurred during the 2-year analysis period; conversely, the estimates suggest counterfactual increases of 13% to 17% if all states had restrictions similar to those in the 10 least-restrictive states. The estimated strong vs weak state restriction difference was 271 000 to 447 000 deaths, with behavior changes associated with 49% to 79% of the overall disparity.Conclusions and RelevanceThis cross-sectional study indicates that stringent COVID-19 restrictions, as a group, were associated with substantial decreases in pandemic mortality, with behavior changes plausibly serving as an important explanatory mechanism. These findings do not support the views that COVID-19 restrictions were ineffective. However, not all restrictions were equally effective; some, such as school closings, likely provided minimal benefit while imposing substantial cost.
Bridging the conservation and development trade‐off? A working landscape critique of a conservancy in the Maasai Mara
Authors: Tyrrell Peter , Evans Lauren , Brehony Peadar , Wood Philippa , Karimi Rebekah , ole Kaelo Dickson , Hunter Freddie , Muiyuro Rose , Kang'ethe Esther , Perry Brian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The recent call to halt biodiversity loss by protecting half the planet has been hotly contested because of the extent to which people might be excluded from these landscapes. It is clear that incorporating landscapes that implicitly work for indigenous people is vital to achieving any sustainable targets.

We examine an attempt to balance the trade‐offs between conservation and development in Enonkishu Conservancy in the Maasai Mara, using a working landscape approach. Mobile livestock production strategies are theoretically consistent with wildlife‐based activities and can present a win‐win solution for both conservation and development. We explore the success and failings of Enonkishu's evolving attempts to achieve this: addressing the criticism of the conservation sector that it fails to learn from its mistakes.

We found that Enonkishu has had considerable positive conservation outcomes, preventing the continued encroachment of farmland and maintaining and improving rangeland health relative to the surrounding area, while maintaining diverse and large populations of wildlife and livestock.

The learning from certain ventures that failed, particularly on livestock, has created institutions and governance that, while still evolving, are more robust and relevant for conservancy members, by being fluid and inclusive.

Practical implication: Diverse revenue streams (beyond tourism, including a residential estate, livestock venture and philanthropy) enabled Enonkishu to withstand the pressures of COVID‐19. Livestock is crucial for defining the vision of the conservancy, and the institutions and governance that underpin it.
Intratumoral Microbiota as a Target for Advanced Cancer Therapeutics
Authors: Peng Fei , Hu Mengyuan , Su Zhiyue , Hu Lin , Guo Lingchuan , Yang Kai 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn recent years, advancements in microbial sequencing technology have sparked an increasing interest in the bacteria residing within solid tumors and its distribution and functions in various tumors. Intratumoral bacteria critically modulate tumor oncogenesis and development through DNA damage induction, chronic inflammation, epigenetic alterations, and metabolic and immune regulation, while also influencing cancer treatment efficacy by affecting drug metabolism. In response to these discoveries, a variety of anti‐cancer therapies targeting these microorganisms have emerged. These approaches encompass oncolytic therapy utilizing tumor‐associated bacteria, the design of biomaterials based on intratumoral bacteria, the use of intratumoral bacterial components for drug delivery systems, and comprehensive strategies aimed at the eradication of tumor‐promoting bacteria. Herein, this review article summarizes the distribution patterns of bacteria in different solid tumors, examines their impact on tumors, and evaluates current therapeutic strategies centered on tumor‐associated bacteria. Furthermore, the challenges and prospects for developing drugs that target these bacterial communities are also explored, promising new directions for cancer treatment.
Mullite Mineral‐Derived Robust Solid Electrolyte Enables Polyiodide Shuttle‐Free Zinc‐Iodine Batteries
Authors: Li Fulong , Zhou Chuancong , Zhang Jie , Gao Yating , Nan Qing , Luo Junming , Xu Zhenming , Zhao Zejun , Rao Peng , Li Jing , Kang Zhenye , Shi Xiaodong , Tian Xinlong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractZinc dendrite, active iodine dissolution, and polyiodide shuttle caused by the strong interaction between liquid electrolyte and solid electrode are the chief culprits for the capacity attenuation of aqueous zinc‐iodine batteries (ZIBs). Herein, mullite is adopted as raw material to prepare Zn‐based solid‐state electrolyte (Zn‐ML) for ZIBs through zinc ion exchange strategy. Owing to the merits of low electronic conductivity, low zinc diffusion energy barrier, and strong polyiodide adsorption capability, Zn‐ML electrolyte can effectively isolate the redox reactions of zinc anode and AC@I2 cathode, guide the reversible zinc deposition behavior, and inhibit the active iodine dissolution as well as polyiodide shuttle during cycling process. As expected, wide operating voltage window of 2.7 V (vs Zn2+/Zn), high Zn2+ transference number of 0.51, and low activation energy barrier of 29.7 kJ mol−1 can be achieved for the solid‐state Zn//Zn cells. Meanwhile, high reversible capacity of 127.4 and 107.6 mAh g−1 can be maintained at 0.5 and 1 A g−1 after 3 000 and 2 100 cycles for the solid‐state Zn//AC@I2 batteries, corresponding to high‐capacity retention ratio of 85.2% and 80.7%, respectively. This study will inspire the development of mineral‐derived solid electrolyte, and facilitate its application in Zn‐based secondary batteries.
Polyamine Anabolism Promotes Chemotherapy‐Induced Breast Cancer Stem Cell Enrichment
Authors: Ji Guangyu , Liu Jia , Zhao Zhiqun , Lan Jie , Yang You , Wang Zheng , Feng Huijing , Ji Kai , Jiang Xiaofeng , Xia Huize , Wei Guangyao , Zhang Yajing , Zhang Yuhong , Du Xinlong , Wang Yawen , Yang Yuanyuan , Liu Zhaojian , Zhang Kai , Mei Qi , Sun Rong , Lu Haiquan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBreast cancer patients may initially benefit from cytotoxic chemotherapy but experience treatment resistance and relapse. Chemoresistant breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) play a pivotal role in cancer recurrence and metastasis, however, identification and eradication of BCSC population in patients are challenging. Here, an mRNA‐based BCSC signature is developed using machine learning strategy to evaluate cancer stemness in primary breast cancer patient samples. Using the BCSC signature, a critical role of polyamine anabolism in the regulation of chemotherapy‐induced BCSC enrichment, is elucidated. Mechanistically, two key polyamine anabolic enzymes, ODC1 and SRM, are directly activated by transcription factor HIF‐1 in response to chemotherapy. Genetic inhibition of HIF‐1‐controlled polyamine anabolism blocks chemotherapy‐induced BCSC enrichment in vitro and in xenograft mice. A novel specific HIF‐1 inhibitor britannin is identified through a natural compound library screening, and demonstrate that coadministration of britannin efficiently inhibits chemotherapy‐induced HIF‐1 transcriptional activity, ODC1 and SRM expression, polyamine levels, and BCSC enrichment in vitro and in xenograft and autochthonous mouse models. The findings demonstrate the key role of polyamine anabolism in BCSC regulation and provide a new strategy for breast cancer treatment.
An Ion‐Management Membrane with Vertically Aligned Uniform Electronegative Nanochannels Toward Dendrite‐Free Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Zhang Qizhong , Hou Borui , Wu Xuanxuan , Li Xuanlin , Guo Zaichao , Liu Jiande , Cao Dianliang , Huang Xin , Duan Jinglai , Mo Dan , Liu Jie , Yao Huijun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLithium (Li) metal anodes have received sustained attention due to their remarkable theoretical specific capacities and low electrochemical potentials. However, the nucleation and growth of Li dendrites during cycling have hindered their application in Li metal batteries (LMBs). As an indispensable battery component, separators offer an ideal platform for mitigating Li dendrites. Herein, an ion‐management membrane (IMM) concept utilizing polydopamine (PDA)‐modified polyetherimide track‐etched membranes (PEITEMs) is proposed. The PDA@PEITEM‐based IMM features vertically aligned uniform electronegative nanochannels, serving as ion distributors and “Li‐ion guides” to simultaneously smooth ion concentration fluctuations and accelerate Li+ selective conduction. The IMM's unique structural and chemical properties yield exceptional ionic conductivity (0.73 mS cm−1) and high Li+ transfer number (0.80) while minimizing Li+ concentration fluctuations. When employed in Li/Cu cells, the IMM facilitates a Coulombic efficiency exceeding 96% over 100 cycles at 0.5 mA cm−2. Moreover, it extends the cycle lifespan of Li/Li cells to 1 200 h at 1.0 mA cm−2. For Li/LiFePO4 cells, this approach enables a specific capacity of 146 mAh g−1, maintaining capacity retention of 79.84% after 1 000 cycles. This novel strategy for constructing free‐standing functional separators is convenient, efficient, and scalable, providing valuable insights into multifunctional separators for dendrite‐free LMBs.
Reversible Electron–Holes on O in P2‐type Na0.67Li0.1Ni0.3Mn0.6O2
Authors: Marie John‐Joseph , Jenkins Max , Chen Jun , Rees Gregory , Cellorio Veronica , Choi Jaewon , Agrestini Stefano , Garcia‐Fernandez Mirian , Zhou Ke‐Jin , House Robert A. , Bruce Peter G. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAchieving reversible O‐redox through the formation of electron–holes on O could hold the key to a new generation of high energy density Na‐ion cathodes. However, to date, it has only been demonstrated in a small handful of cathode materials and none of these materials exploit the dual benefit of high voltage transition metal redox and O‐redox, instead relying on Mn3+/4+ capacity close to 2 V vs Na+/Na. Here, a new Na‐ion cathode exhibiting electron–holes on O is demonstrated, P2‐type Na0.67Li0.1Ni0.3Mn0.6O2, which also utilizes the high voltage Ni3+/4+ redox couple to deliver the highest reported energy density among this class of compound. By employing a low Li content and avoiding honeycomb ordering within the transition metal layer, it is possible to stabilize the hole states, and the high voltage plateau is preserved in Na0.67Li0.1Ni0.3Mn0.6O2 over cycling.
In situ impacts of late‐season low temperatures on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) fiber quality and yield on the Texas High Plains
Authors: Shumate Brooke , Maeda Murilo , Bell Jourdan , Wanjura John , Ortiz‐Pustejovsky Rebekah , Kelly Brendan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUpland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) production is important for the economy of the Texas High Plains (THP). This region of Texas is semi‐arid and regularly experiences harsh weather conditions that can be difficult to predict. Some years, a cold front will pass through the area before local cotton crops have reached maturity and there are concerns that fiber maturation stops after these cold weather events. In 2020, fiber samples were collected at two locations on the THP (representing northern and southern cotton producing regions) before, during, and after a cold front (<10°C) moved through the area in September, which is a critical period for fiber maturation. Single boll samples were taken at New Deal, TX (representing a southern location) in the first position from nodes 5, 8, and 11. At Etter, TX (representing a northern location), 30‐boll bulk samples were taken from first position bolls on nodes 5, 8, and 11. Advanced fiber information system testing determined the fiber quality of single boll samples. Lint weight in both locations continued to increase despite the cool temperatures. At New Deal, upper quartile length, length, short fiber content, seed coat neps, fineness, and maturity all saw significant improvements from before to after the cold front. This indicates that the bolls continued developing after exposure to cool temperatures on the THP.
Herbage mass responses to sod suppression with glyphosate in pastures interseeded with sorghum × sudangrass
Authors: Jenkins Matthew , Hillhouse Heidi , Guretzky John A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractInterseeding annual warm‐season forages into perennial cool‐season grasses may increase herbage mass and quality. Yet, methods to do so successfully remain elusive. From 2020 to 2022, we conducted an experiment that evaluated herbage mass responses to sod suppression after interseeding sorghum × sudangrass [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench × S. bicolor (L.) Moench ssp. drummondii (Nees ex Steud.) de Wet & Harlan] in three N‐fertilized and three mixed‐legume smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) pastures. Sod suppression treatments included glyphosate [N‐(phosphonomethyl) glycine] applications of 0, 0.55, 1.10, 1.65, and 2.20 kg ha−1 on pastures that were heavily grazed in two rotational stocking periods in spring and an additional 0 kg ha−1 glyphosate control where herbage was stockpiled throughout spring, mowed, and removed before interseeding sorghum × sudangrass. In herbage samples collected 8 weeks after treatment, perennial grass mass showed exponential decay responses as glyphosate rate increased, while sorghum × sudangrass, weedy grass, and total herbage mass showed logistic growth responses. Sorghum × sudangrass reached a high of 2316 kg ha−1 as glyphosate rate increased to 1.65 kg ha−1 while weedy grass mass continued to increase as glyphosate rate increased to 2.20 kg ha−1. Reduced perennial grass mass in herbage samples collected the next spring indicated the presence of a tradeoff between increasing summer herbage now and reducing next spring herbage later with glyphosate application after interseeding sorghum × sudangrass. We concluded practitioners should not use glyphosate for sod suppression before interseeding warm‐season annual forages into perennial cool‐season grass pastures.