bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Klassifikation der Bandscheibendegeneration des Hundes in der nativen Computertomographie und der Hochfeld-Magnetresonanztomographie
Authors: Harder L. , Ludwig D. , Galindo-Zamora V. , Wefstaedt P. , Nolte I. 
Published: October 2014

ZusammenfassungGegenstand und Ziel: Die Klassifikation der kaninen Bandscheibendegeneration in der Magnetresonanztomographie ist in der Literatur beschrieben, während für die computertomographische Untersuchung kaniner Bandscheibenveränderungen bisher kein etabliertes Klassifikationssystem existiert. Da die Computertomographie ein häufig genutztes bildgebendes Verfahren in der Tiermedizin darstellt, war Ziel dieser Studie, ein derartiges Klassifikationssystems zu erstellen und zu validieren. Als vergleichende Methode stand eine T2-gewichtete magnetresonanztomographische Untersuchung zur Verfügung. Material und Methoden: Die computertomographische und magnetresonanztomographische Untersuchung von 43 Hunden ergab Bilddatensätze von 144 Bandscheiben. Diese Datensätze wurden verblindet, randomisiert und jeweils zweimal von drei Gutachtern beurteilt. Der Bewertung computertomographischer Datensätze lag das selbst entwickelte Klassifikationssystem zugrunde, während für die magnetresonanztomographischen Datensätze das Klassifikationssystem nach Pfirrmann angewendet wurde. Die Intra-und Interobserver-Übereinstimmung wurde mittels Statistical Analysis Software (SAS) bestimmt. Ergebnisse: Die Intra-und Interobserver-Übereinstimmung des Klassifikationssystems nach Pfirrmann (D-Werte 0,58–0,77) und des selbst entwickelten Klassifikationssystems (D-Werte 0,60–0,81) waren überwiegend gut. Zwischen den beiden Klassifikationssystemen ergab sich eine geringe Übereinstimmung (D = 0,26–0,29). Schlussfolgerung undklinische Relevanz: Eine zuverlässige Bewertung der Bandscheibendegeneration in der Computertomographie ist mit dem selbst entwickelten Klassifikationssystem möglich. Somit lassen sich zusätzliche Informationen für Diagnose und Prognose gewinnen. Die Computertomographie erfasst degenerative Veränderungen allerdings erst in einem fortgeschritteneren Stadium als die Magnetresonanztomographie.
Early Surgical Complications after Primary Cleft Lip Repair: A Report of 3108 Consecutive Cases
Authors: Schönmeyr Björn , Wendby Lisa , Campbell Alex 
Published: October 2014

Objective To analyze short term surgical complications after primary cleft lip repair. Patients and Design A total of 3108 consecutive lip repairs with 2062 follow-ups were reviewed retrospectively through medical records. Patients were aged 3 months to 75 years at the time of surgery, with a median of 7 years. Setting Guwahati Comprehensive Cleft Care Center, Assam, India. Intervention Primary cleft lip repair. Main Outcome Measures Documented complications in terms of dehiscence, necrosis, infection, and suture granuloma were compiled. Logistic regression was used with dehiscence (yes/no) or infection (yes/no) as binary dependant variables. Age, cleft type, and surgeon (visiting/long term) were used as covariates. Results Among the 2062 patients who returned for early follow-up, 90 (4.4%) had one or more complications. Dehiscence (3.2%) and infection (1.1%) were the most common types of complication. Visiting surgeon, complete cleft, and bilateral cleft were significantly associated with wound dehiscence, and complete cleft was associated with wound infection according to the logistic regression analysis. Of patients with bilateral complete clefts, 6.9% suffered from some degree of wound dehiscence. Conclusion In a setting where presurgical molding is unavailable and patients present at all ages, lip wound dehiscence is a relatively common complication in patients with bilateral complete clefts. The risk of dehiscence, however, is reduced when these cases are assigned to surgeons with experience with these types of clefts. We also found that the incidence of wound infection can be kept relatively low, even without the use of postoperative antibiotics.
Association between oral health status and retrovirus test results in cats
Authors: Kornya Mathew R. , Little Susan E. , Scherk Margie A. , Sears William C. , Bienzle Dorothee 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Objective—To determine associations between oral health status and seropositivity for FIV or FeLV in cats.
Design—Cross-sectional survey.
Animals—5,179 cats.
Procedures—Veterinarians at veterinary clinics and animal shelters completed online training on oral conditions in cats and then scored oral health status of cats with no known history of vaccination against FIV. Age, sex, and results of an ELISA for retroviruses were recorded. Results were analyzed by means of standard logistic regression with binary outcome.
Results—Of 5,179 cats, 237 (4.6%) and 186 (3.6%) were seropositive for FIV and FeLV, respectively, and of these, 12 (0.2%) were seropositive for FIV and FeLV. Of all 5,179 cats, 1,073 (20.7%) had gingivitis, 576 (11.1%) had periodontitis, 203 (3.9%) had stomatitis, and 252 (4.9%) had other oral conditions (overall oral disease prevalence, 2,104/5,179 [40.6%]). Across all age categories, inflammatory oral disease was associated with a significantly higher risk of a positive test result for FIV, compared with the seropositivity risk associated with other oral diseases or no oral disease. Stomatitis was most highly associated with risk of FIV seropositivity. Cats with any oral inflammatory disease were more likely than orally healthy cats to have a positive test result for FeLV. Increasing age was associated with a higher prevalence of oral disease in retrovirus-seronegative cats.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Inflammatory oral disease was associated with an increased risk of seropositivity for retroviruses in naturally infected cats. Therefore, retroviral status of cats with oral inflammatory disease should be determined and appropriate management initiated.
Outcome and prognostic factors for osteosarcoma of the maxilla, mandible, or calvarium in dogs: 183 cases (1986–2012)
Authors: Selmic Laura E. , Lafferty Mary H. , Kamstock Debra A. , Garner Alana , Ehrhart Nicole P. , Worley Deanna R. , Withrow Stephen J. , Lana Susan E. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Objective—To describe the biological behavior, clinical outcome, and prognostic factors of osteosarcoma of the maxilla, mandible, or calvarium in dogs.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—183 client-owned dogs with osteosarcoma of the maxilla, mandible, or calvarium.
Procedures—Medical records for dogs treated for osteosarcoma of the maxilla, mandible, or calvarium from 1986 through 2012 were reviewed. Dogs with a histopathologic diagnosis of osteosarcoma and treated for a primary tumor arising from these bones of the head were included.
Results—Mean age was 9.3 years, and body weight was 31.8 kg (70.0 lb). Most dogs (124/183 [67.8%]) were purebred, and the most common primary tumor site was the maxilla (80 [43.7%]). Treatments included palliative medical treatment only (11/183 [6.0%]), coarsely fractionated radiation therapy (RT; 12 [6.6%]), fractionated or stereotactic RT (18 [9.8%]), surgery (135 [73.8%]), and both surgery and fractionated RT (7 [3.8%]). Eighty-three (45.4%) dogs received adjuvant chemotherapy. Local recurrence or progression occurred in 80 of 156 (51.3%) dogs, and 60 of 156 (38.5%) dogs developed distant metastases. Median survival time for all dogs was 239 days. Dogs that underwent surgery had a median survival time of 329 days. Histologically tumor-free surgical margins were associated with significantly decreased hazards of progression or recurrence (hazard ratio [HR], 0.4) and death (HR, 0.5). Dogs with osteosarcoma of the calvarium had a significantly greater hazard of local recurrence or progression (HR, 2.0).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In this study, tumor excision in dogs with histologically tumor-free margins resulted in better local control and longer survival time than did other treatment types.
Dynamics of tree layer composition, tree age and large
diameter trees in Habitats Directive Annex I forest
habitats in Estonia on the basis of monitoring data
collected from 2010–2012
Authors: Palo Anneli , Gimbutas Mark 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The protection of late-succession forest habitats and continuous woodlands
is the primary goal in Estonian forest nature conservation. Therefore ecological
qualities of almost all forest stands in Estonian protected areas are described. Forest
patches will be mapped and protected as Annex I forest habitats if they have enough
structural and functional qualities. The member states of the European Union report
in every six years about the conservation status of European Habitats Directive Annex
I habitats. Changes in area as well as changes in habitat type’s structure and
functions are also declared. In the present paper the dynamics in tree species composition,
stand age and larger diameter trees of monitored Annex I forest habitats
is analyzed. The mean age of stands is older than the Estonian mean value, but it
is only slightly higher than the cutting age of the corresponding tree species. The
mean diameter of larger living trees is in general larger than dead wood, which
is indicative of the forest succession and historical low-intensive forest management.
Currently, conservation activities support natural succession in forests that
formerly were managed economically. Therefore, changes in the composition of
tree layer species are to be expected. The dominance of spruce and the abundance
of broad-leaved trees are increasing in non-managed forest habitats. In contrast, the
proportion of pine, birch and aspen decreases significantly. In general the number
of tree species in habitat patches will increase; thereby the dominance of certain
species will decline. According to the Estonian interpretation of the forest types in
the Manual of the Habitats Directive, some stands with changed main tree species
will need to be reclassified. Therefore the area of some forest habitat types may
increase in the future. On contrary the area and functional quality of some other
habitat types may decrease.
Optimal Control of Mobile Agents for Monitoring of Points on a Network
Authors: Sgurev V. , Drangajov S. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
This paper concerns the problems of finding optimal trajectories between nodes on a network, which must be periodically surveyed, and probably serviced. It is shown, that such trajectories may be generated if optimal Hamiltonian cycles are used between the separate network nodes under inspection. It is known that the Hamiltonian path problem is NP-complete, but an edge decomposition of the network is proposed. This is performed by reducing in a particular way to network flow circulations. The requirements and the equations for describing such circulation are pointed out. Defining of the optimal circulations of the mobile agents is reduced to network flow programming problems. A numerical example is presented for solving a similar class of monitoring problems by mobile agents.
Adaptive Tuning Functions Tracking Control with Nonlinear Adaptive Observers
Authors: Mishkov R. , Petrov V. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The paper is dedicated to the derivation of a unified approach for nonlinear adaptive closed loop system design with nonlinear adaptive state and parameter observers combined with tuning functions-based nonlinear adaptive control for trajectory tracking. The proposed approach guarantees asymptotic stability of the closed loop nonlinear adaptive system with respect to the tracking and state estimation errors and Lyapunov stability of the parameter estimator. The advantages of the approach are the lack of over-parametrization, resulting in a minimal number of estimator equations and the preservation of the overdamped performance specifications of the closed loop nonlinear adaptive system in its whole range of operation. The application of the approach to a permanent magnet synchronous motor driven inverted pendulum concludes with simulation of the closed loop nonlinear adaptive system time responses.
General Forms of a Class of Multivariable Regression Models
Authors: Efremov A. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
There are two possible general forms of multiple input multiple output (MIMO) regression models, which are either linear with respect to their parameters or non-linear, but in order to estimate their parameters, at a certain stage it could be assumed that they are linear. This is in fact the basic assumption behind the linear approach for parameters estimation. There are two possible representations of a MIMO model, which at a certain level could be fictitiously presented as linear functions of its parameters. One representation is when the parameters are collected in a matrix and hence, the regressors are in a vector. The other possible case is the parameters to be in a vector, but the regressors at a given instant to be placed in a matrix. Both types of representations are considered in the paper. Their advantages and disadvantages are summarized and their applicability within the whole experimental modelling process is also discussed.
New indicators to compare and evaluate harmful drug use among adolescents in 38 European countries
Authors: Mammone Alessia , Fabi Francesco , Colasante Emanuela , Siciliano Valeria , Molinaro Sabrina , Kraus Ludwig , Rossi Carla 
Published: October 2014

Aims New trends in drug consumption reveal increasing polydrug use. Epidemiological indicators in the current use are based on the prevalence and the associated potential harm of a single “main” substance. We propose new indicators to evaluate frequency and potential harm of polydrug use. The indicators are used to compare drug use among countries based on survey data on adolescents' substance use in 38 European countries. Methods The approach is based on analysis of the frequency of use in the various population samples: lifetime use, twelve months use or last thirty days, depending on available data, and on the risk of harm for the substances used. Two indicators are provided: the frequency of use score (FUS) by summing the frequency of use of each substance, and the polydrug use score (PDS) that weight all the substances used by their risk. Results The indicators FUS and PDS were calculated and the distribution functions were used to characterise substance use across ESPAD countries. The analysis shows important differences in poly-substance use severity among countries presenting similar prevention policies. Conclusions Systematic analysis of substance use and the related risk are of paramount interest. The proposed indicators are designed to better monitor and understand consequences of polydrug use and to measure the resulting risk at country or population level. The indicators may also be used to assess the effects of policy interventions.
Cannabis use and Drug Related Problems among Adolescents in 27 European Countries: The Utility of the Prevention Paradox
Authors: Romelsjö Anders , Danielsson Anna-Karin , Wennberg Peter , Hibell Björn 
Published: October 2014

Aims To study the prevalence of cannabis use and drug-related problems among European adolescents and the utility of the prevention paradox. Methods Survey data from the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD) in 2007 in the 27 countries with information about drug use and drug-related problems was used. We analysed the proportion of all drug-related problems that occurred in a high risk group and among others who had used cannabis in the previous 12 months. The cut-off for the high risk group was chosen to include 10-15 % of the most frequent cannabis users. Results The high risk groups accounted for a substantial, but a minority, of drug-related problems among boys as well as girls. A minority of those who had used cannabis reported any drug-related problem. The proportion of adolescents with drug-related problems and the average number of problems increased with frequency of cannabis use. Conclusions We find support for policy measures of more general character, supported by the prevention paradox. However, this does not exclude a policy supporting frequent drug users if they can be identified
Demographic and social correlates of tobacco, alcohol and cannabis use among 15-16-year-old students in Albania: Results of the ESPAD survey
Authors: Toçi Ervin , çanaku Dorina , Bregu Arjan , Kakarriqi Eduard , Roshi Enver , Burazeri Genc 
Published: October 2014

Aims Our aim was to assess the demographic and social factors associated with lifetime use of tobacco, alcohol and cannabis among school students aged 15-16 in Albania in order to make information and knowledge available for health promotion specialists working on substance use prevention. Design This cross-sectional study was conducted in March-May 2011 in the framework of the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD). In total, 3189 students born in 1995 participated in the survey. The standardised ESPAD questionnaire was used to collect data about substance use. Results Our multivariable adjustment analysis showed that being a male and having easy access to cigarettes were the only universal factors significantly increasing the likelihood of ever using tobacco, alcohol or cannabis. Own smoking was strongly and significantly associated with alcohol and cannabis use. The associations of own substance use with peer substance consumption were weak to moderate. Conclusions Own smoking seems to be the most important single independent risk factor which strongly and significantly predicted alcohol and cannabis use among Albanian school students. Policy makers need to strengthen the rule of law whereas health promotion professionals should firmly address smoking in adolescence through target interventions.
Injective Tauberian Operators on L1 and Operators with Dense Range on ℓ∞
Authors: Johnson William , Bahman Nasseri Amir , Schechtman Gideon , Tkocz Tomasz 
Published: October 2014

Abstract.There exist injective Tauberian operators on L1(0, 1) that have dense, nonclosed range. This gives injective nonsurjective operators on ℓ∞ that have dense range. Consequently, there are two quasi-complementary noncomplementary subspaces of ℓ∞ that are isometric to ℓ∞.
The Residency Performance Index: An Effort at Residency Quality Assessment and Improvement in Family Medicine
Authors: Hoekzema Grant S. , Maxwell Lisa , Gravel Joseph W. , Mills Walter W. , Geiger William 
Published: October 2014

Abstract

Background
Residency programs are increasingly being asked to defend their quality, and that of the residents they produce. Yet “residency quality” is a construct that has not been well defined, with no accepted standards other than meeting accreditation standards. In 2009, the Association of Family Medicine Residency Directors developed a strategic plan that included the goal of raising the quality of family medicine training.

Objective
We describe the development of this quality improvement tool, which we called the residency performance index (RPI), and its first year of use by family medicine residency programs. We describe the use of the tool as a “dashboard” to facilitate program self-improvement.

Intervention
Using program metrics specific to family medicine training, and benchmark criteria for these metrics, the RPI was launched in 2012 to help programs identify strengths and areas for improvement in their educational activities and resident clinical experiences that could be tracked and reviewed as part of the annual program evaluation.

Results
Approximately 100 program directors began using the tool and 70 finished the process, and were provided aggregate data. Initial review of this experience revealed difficulties with collecting data, and lack of information on graduates' scope of practice. It also showed the potential usefulness of the tool as a program improvement mechanism.

Conclusions
The RPI is a new quality improvement tool for family medicine residency programs. Although some initial challenges need to be addressed, it has the promise to aid family medicine residency in its internal improvement efforts.
Neurological Surgery Training Abroad as a Progression to the Final Year of Training and Transition to Independent Practice
Authors: Starke Robert M. , Asthagiri Ashok R. , Jane John A. , Jane John A. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract

Background
Residents at the University of Virginia spend 1 year abroad at a neurological surgery program prior to their chief year. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) considers international rotations elective experiences and does not count them toward clinical accreditation.

Objective
We compared clinical training obtained in New Zealand (NZ) to data from US ACGME-accredited programs to see if it was reasonable to reconsider the former as clinical training.

Methods
We compared US national average chief case volumes to those performed by University of Virginia residents rotating in NZ over the past 3 years, using case volume comparisons and a survey of the residents' experience.

Results
The mean number of cases performed in NZ was above the 50th percentile for US averages for adult cranial cases, including the 70th to 90th percentile for aneurysms and 50th to 70th percentile for tumors. The average number of cases performed in 1 year in NZ satisfied the cranial case quota for 4 of 6 adult and 2 of 3 pediatric areas over the entire residency. The rotation doubled the cranial exposure of graduating residents at the chief level without diluting the experience of residents in the core program. All residents reported being “very satisfied” with the experience, noting it facilitated their transition to chief year and independent practice.

Conclusions
Clinical training obtained during an international rotation in NZ is comparable to that attained in the United States. The international experience in NZ facilitated advancement in all 6 competencies, and should be considered adequate for clinical neurological surgery education.
Comparative responses of two dominant Antarctic phytoplankton taxa to interactions between ocean acidification, warming, irradiance, and iron availability
Authors: Xu Kai , Fu Fei‐Xue , Hutchins David A. 
Published: October 2014

We investigated the responses of the ecologically dominant Antarctic phytoplankton species Phaeocystis antarctica (a prymnesiophyte) and Fragilariopsis cylindrus (a diatom) to a clustered matrix of three global change variables (CO2, mixed‐layer depth, and temperature) under both iron (Fe)‐replete and Fe‐limited conditions based roughly on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) A2 scenario: (1) Current conditions, 39 Pa (380 ppmv) CO2, 50 µmol photons m−2 s−1 light, and 2°C; (2) Year 2060, 61 Pa (600 ppmv) CO2, 100 µmol photons m−2 s−1 light, and 4°C; (3) Year 2100, 81 Pa (800 ppmv) CO2, 150 µmol photons m−2 s−1 light, and 6°C. The combined interactive effects of these global change variables and changing Fe availability on growth, primary production, and cell morphology are species specific. A competition experiment suggested that future conditions could lead to a shift away from P. antarctica and toward diatoms such as F. cylindrus. Along with decreases in diatom cell size and shifts from prymnesiophyte colonies to single cells under the future scenario, this could potentially lead to decreased carbon export to the deep ocean. Fe : C uptake ratios of both species increased under future conditions, suggesting phytoplankton of the Southern Ocean will increase their Fe requirements relative to carbon fixation. The interactive effects of Fe, light, CO2, and temperature on Antarctic phytoplankton need to be considered when predicting the future responses of biology and biogeochemistry in this region.