bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A model study of the large-scale transport of fish eggs in the Kattegat in relation to egg density
Authors: Pacariz Selma , Björk Göran , Jonsson Patrik , Börjesson Patrik , Svedäng Henrik 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Pacariz, S., Björk, G., Jonsson, P., Börjesson, P., and Svedäng, H. 2014. A model study of the large-scale transport of fish eggs in the Kattegat in relation to egg density. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 71: 345–355. A process-oriented model, with high vertical resolution, has been used to investigate variation in the transport of fish eggs and early larvae in relation to egg density. The main focus is on gadoid eggs from the spawning grounds in the southern Kattegat. Additionally, transport from the neighbouring areas, the central Kattegat and Öresund, is presented. The model results clearly indicate that transport is dependent on the egg density; lighter eggs are transported northwards whereas heavier eggs are to a larger extent retained or transported southwards. This study suggests that optimum densities in order to promote retention in the southern Kattegat are in the range of 1023–1026 kg m−3. Observations from 2005 and 2006 of the vertical distribution of gadoid eggs combined with hydrographical data indicated high concentrations of eggs at the upper part of the pycnocline at densities of 1017–1022 kg m−3. Combining the observations and modelling results on amount of dispersal and retention, suggests that gadoid eggs are mainly retained in the southern Kattegat (although shifted from maximum retention density) and simultaneously dispersed northwards. Even though the results of the study are described in the context of gadoid eggs, the results are applicable for other marine species with pelagic stages and buoyant particles within the tested density range.
ICES advisory framework 1977–2012: from Fmax to precautionary approach and beyond
Authors: Lassen Hans , Kelly Ciaran , Sissenwine Michael 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Lassen, H., Kelly, C., and Sissenwine, M. 2014. ICES advisory framework 1977–2012: from Fmax to precautionary approach and beyond. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 71: 166–172. The International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) provides fishery advice in the context of international agreements and addressing the policy and legal needs of ICES Member Countries. This advice is often formulated for an annual total allowable catch based on decisions made by the North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC) during the first half of the 1970s. Although this early advice was initially focused on the best usage of the growth potential of the fish stocks, the collapse of important pelagic stocks in the late 1960s and the early 1970s suggested that the biological advice should include serious considerations of the spawning–stock biomass (SSB). ICES responded with a new advisory framework in 1976. Over the next 30 years, the advisory framework evolved, with increasing emphasis placed on ensuring SSB to avoid impairing recruitment. The Plan of Implementation of the 2002 UN World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) calls for the restoration and maintenance of fish stocks to levels than can produce the fisheries that provide maximum sustainable yield (MSY). In 2009, ICES revised its advisory framework now formulated as a harvest control rule aimed at achieving MSY.
A linear distribution of orbits in compact planetary systems?
Authors: Migaszewski Cezary , Goździewski Krzysztof , Słonina Mariusz 
Published: September 2013

AbstractWe report a linear ordering of orbits in a sample of multiple extrasolar planetary systems with super-Earth planets. We selected 20 cases, mostly discovered by the Kepler mission, hosting at least four planets within ∼0.5 au. The semimajor axis an of an nth planet in each system of this sample obeys a(n) = a1 + (n − 1) Δa, where a1 is the semimajor axis of the innermost orbit and Δa is a spacing between subsequent planets, which are specific for a particular system. For instance, the Kepler-33 system hosting five super-Earth planets exhibits the relative deviations between the observed and linearly predicted semimajor axes of only a few per cent. At least half of systems in the sample fulfil the linear law with a similar accuracy. We explain the linear distribution of semimajor axes as a natural implication of multiple chains of mean-motion resonances between subsequent planets, which emerge due to planet–disc interactions and convergent migration at early stages of their evolution.
A submillimetre-bright z ∼ 3 overdensity behind a z ∼ 1 supercluster revealed by SCUBA-2 and Herschel
Authors: Noble A. G. , Geach J. E. , van Engelen A. J. , Webb T. M. A. , Coppin K. E. K. , Delahaye A. , Gilbank D. G. , Gladders M. D. , Ivison R. J. , Omori Y. , Yee H. K. C. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
We present a wide-field (30 arcmin diameter) 850 μm Submillimetre Common-User Bolometer Array-2 map of the spectacular three-component merging supercluster, RCS 231953+00, at z = 0.9. The brightest submillimetre galaxy (SMG) in the field (S850 ≈ 12 mJy) is within 30 arcsec of one of the cluster cores (RCS 2319–C), and is likely to be a more distant, lensed galaxy. Interestingly, the wider field around RCS 2319–C reveals a local overdensity of SMGs, exceeding the average source density by a factor of 4.5, with a &lt;1 per cent chance of being found in a random field. Utilizing Herschel observations from the Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver, we find that three of these SMGs have similar submillimetre colours. We fit their observed 250–850 μm spectral energy distributions to estimate their redshift, yielding 2.5 &lt; z &lt; 3.5, and calculate prodigious star formation rates ranging from 500 to 2500 M⊙ yr−1. We speculate that these galaxies are either lensed SMGs, or signpost a physical structure at z ≈ 3: a ‘protocluster’ inhabited by young galaxies in a rapid phase of growth, destined to form the core of a massive galaxy cluster by z = 0.
Identification of Two Tobacco streak virus Capsid Protein Variants Associated With Leaf Mottle and Necrosis Symptoms on Astilbe
Authors: Fisher John R. 
Published: September 2013

In this brief we report the identification of two Tobacco streak virus capsid protein sequence variants associated with leaf mottle and necrosis symptoms on Astilbe × arendsii (false spirea). To our knowledge this is the first confirmed report of TSV infecting Astilbe. Accepted for publication 23 April 2013. Published 29 July 2013.
First Report of Tomato chlorotic spot virus (TCSV) in Tomato, Pepper, and Jimsonweed in Puerto Rico
Authors: Webster Craig G. , de Jensen Consuelo Estévez , Rivera-Vargas Lydia I. , Rodrigues Jose Carlos V. , Mercado Wanda , Frantz Galen , Mellinger H. Charles , Adkins Scott 
Published: September 2013

To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of TCSV in Puerto Rico and the first report of TCSV infection of jimsonweed from any location. The identification of this solanaceous weed as a TCSV host has implications for its management in Puerto Rico, Caribbean, and Florida vegetable production. Accepted for publication 25 June 2012. Published 12 August 2013.
Typhula Blight Severity as Influenced by the Number of Preventive Fungicide Applications and Snow Compaction
Authors: Blunt Tamla , Koski Tony , Tisserat Ned 
Published: September 2013

Golf course superintendents at high elevations in Colorado have widely adopted a practice of making two or more applications of fungicides for Typhula snow mold control beginning up to a month before permanent snow cover in the belief that this provides better disease suppression than a single application of fungicides just prior to snow cover. Two fall applications of fungicides spaced approximately one month apart were compared to a single application just before snow cover for superiority in controlling Typhula blight. Of the nineteen paired comparisons from two golf courses over a 7-year period, there was only one case in which two applications of fungicides provided better Typhula blight control than a single application. In addition, Typhula blight severity was observed to be reduced in fairway areas where snow had been compacted by placement of Nordic ski tracks, and that this disease reduction in compacted areas was associated with below-freezing temperatures at the turfgrass surface that are inhibitory to Typhula growth. Accepted for publication 5 June 2013. Published 21 August 2013.
EDITOR'S CHOICE: Saving the hihi under climate change: a case for assisted colonization
Authors: Chauvenet Aliénor L. M. , Ewen John G. , Armstrong Doug , Pettorelli Nathalie 
Published: September 2013

Summary

Climate change is affecting the spatio‐temporal distribution of environmental conditions, forcing species to shift their range in response. Species not capable of dispersing naturally may benefit from conservation translocations. A key aspect of translocation planning is release site selection: under the 2012 IUCN guidelines for reintroductions and other conservation translocations, selected sites are expected to match the biotic and abiotic needs of the candidate species now and in the future.

Here we present a methodological framework to identify optimal translocation sites under climate change. Our method is the first to explicitly combine statistical and predictive population modelling to understand the relationship between climate, climate change and population dynamics, in order to perform robust habitat suitability analyses for conservation decision‐making.

We use the hihi Notiomystis cincta, a bird endemic to New Zealand, as a case study. We focus on the population of Tiritiri Matangi Island, which has been provided with ad libitum supplementary food since 1996. This offers the unique opportunity to study the direct impact of climate and future change in climatic conditions on a population free of confounding constraints.

Climate is found to drive hihi population dynamics, even though they are not limited by the availability of food. Thus, despite the current management of the species, climate change remains a major threat to its long‐term persistence. Moreover, under predicted climate change for the country, hihi suitable habitat will shift southward: the two current largest hihi populations will face unsuitable climatic conditions in the coming decades, and habitat that was not part of the species' historical range may become suitable.

Synthesis and applications. Assisted colonization is increasingly being considered as an adaptation tool for species threatened by climate change. Justifying the use of this extreme conservation action, however, requires robust evidence that it is necessary and clear guidance on where to translocate individuals of threatened populations. We show how both requirements can be met using habitat suitability modelling if knowledge of the relationship between climate, climate change and the species' population dynamics is systematically used to guide the modelling process.
Host plant choice in the comma butterfly–larval choosiness may ameliorate effects of indiscriminate oviposition
Authors: Gamberale‐Stille Gabriella , Söderlind Lina , Janz Niklas , Nylin Sören 
Published: September 2013

AbstractIn most phytophagous insects, the larval diet strongly affects future fitness and in species that do not feed on plant parts as adults, larval diet is the main source of nitrogen. In many of these insect–host plant systems, the immature larvae are considered to be fully dependent on the choice of the mothers, who, in turn, possess a highly developed host recognition system. This circumstance allows for a potential mother–offspring conflict, resulting in the female maximizing her fecundity at the expense of larval performance on suboptimal hosts. In two experiments, we aimed to investigate this relationship in the polyphagous comma butterfly, Polygonia c‐album, by comparing the relative acceptance of low‐ and medium‐ranked hosts between females and neonate larvae both within individuals between life stages, and between mothers and their offspring. The study shows a variation between females in oviposition acceptance of low‐ranked hosts, and that the degree of acceptance in the mothers correlates with the probability of acceptance of the same host in the larvae. We also found a negative relationship between stages within individuals as there was a higher acceptance of lower ranked hosts in females who had abandoned said host as a larva. Notably, however, neonate larvae of the comma butterfly did not unconditionally accept to feed from the least favorable host species even when it was the only food source. Our results suggest the possibility that the disadvantages associated with a generalist oviposition strategy can be decreased by larval participation in host plant choice.
Is general anaesthesia for caesarean section associated with postpartum haemorrhage? Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: HEESEN MICHAEL , HOFMANN THOMAS , KLÖHR SVEN , ROSSAINT ROLF , VAN DE VELDE MARC , DEPREST JAN , STRAUBE SEBASTIAN 
Published: September 2013

BackgroundPostpartum haemorrhage (PPH) remains a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. The odds for PPH were about eight times higher following general anaesthesia compared with neuraxial anaesthesia in a recent retrospective study. We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the effect of type of anaesthesia (general vs. neuraxial) on estimated blood loss and transfusion requirements after caesarean section.MethodsA systematic literature search was performed. The quality of eligible reports was assessed using the Oxford Quality Scale. Data were subjected to meta‐analysis using the random effects model.ResultsThe search identified 18 articles including 12,330 parturients. Meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) found a significant difference in blood loss, favouring neuraxial anaesthesia (spinal and epidural) when comparing with general anaesthesia {weighted mean difference −106.11 ml [95% confidence interval (CI) −209.80, −2.42 ml], P = 0.04}. In further analyses, we found a significant difference after epidural compared with general anaesthesia but not after spinal compared with general anaesthesia. Based on RCTs, there was no significantly increased risk of blood transfusions with general anaesthesia. Analysis of non‐randomised studies found a significantly higher transfusion requirement after general anaesthesia (risk ratio 5.06, 95% CI 2.47–10.36, P < 0.00001). The incidence of hypotension and the amount of fluid given were higher in the neuraxial anaesthesia groups.ConclusionGeneral anaesthesia is associated with a higher blood loss than neuraxial anaesthesia. However, based on high‐quality studies, the need for blood transfusion was not greater. The higher blood loss with general anaesthesia is therefore of uncertain clinical relevance.
Practitioner attitudes to clozapine initiation
Authors: Gee S. , Vergunst F. , Howes O. , Taylor D. 
Published: September 2013

ObjectiveClozapine is the most effective antipsychotic for treatment‐resistant schizophrenia. It is recommended as third‐line treatment for schizophrenia in national and local guidelines. Despite this, it is underutilised. This survey aimed to clarify barriers to prescribing and elucidate factors that may improve patient access to clozapine.MethodA questionnaire was made available to all staff members at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust.ResultsIn total, 144 clinical staff completed the questionnaire. The majority (81%) of respondents were ‘fairly’ or ‘very’ familiar with clozapine prescribing guidelines. Barriers to prescribing most commonly stated as being ‘very frequently’ a problem were patient concerns about tolerability of clozapine or patient refusal to adhere to blood test monitoring. Staff members also felt medical complications frequently prevented clozapine prescription. Dedicated staff or day hospital placements devoted to clozapine initiation were identified as factors most likely to increase prescribing of clozapine.ConclusionProfessionals identified the dominant barriers to prescribing as being patient focussed – refusal of blood test monitoring or concerns about tolerability. Clinician fears about compliance or medical complications were also important. The development of out‐patient services specifically tasked with initiating clozapine may help to increase the frequency of prescribing of clozapine earlier in treatment than is currently seen.
Patch testing for allergic contact dermatitis to cigarettes: Smoked/unsmoked components and formaldehyde factors
Authors: Carew Benjamin , Muir Jim 
Published: September 2013

AbstractA patient with hand dermatitis reported that switching her smoking hand resulted in reduced symptoms. When allergy to cigarettes is suspected the literature supports standard allergy testing as well as testing the individual components of cigarettes. Initial standard patch testing revealed an allergy to formaldehyde and the formaldehyde releasing agent, quaternium‐15. The patient did not react to her usual roll‐your‐own cigarette components but reacted to the smoked filter paper of a particular brand of cigarette she frequently borrowed from a friend. Possible explanations include either a variation of ingredients between cigarettes that alters the formaldehyde concentration or another unidentified allergen in the branded cigarette causing allergic contact dermatitis.
The Shifting Welfare State inHungary andLatvia
Authors: Matos Cristina 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis article analyzes the evolution of the welfare system inHungary andLatvia since the early 1990s. We identify the main components of social protection and investigate whether they have shifted. We find evidence of significant changes, but not of a definite and major shift. Rather, we argue that various benefits have evolved differently. In general, reforms tend to recombine (rather than replace) specific components.
Assessing the anatomical characteristics of renal masses has a limited effect on the prediction of pathological outcomes in solid, enhancing, small renal masses: results using the PADUA classification system
Authors: Shin Tae Young , Kim Jongchan , Koo Kyo Chul , Lim Sey Kiat , Kim Dong Wook , Kang Min Woong , Rha Koon Ho , Choi Young Deuk , Ham Won Sik 
Published: September 2013

Objective
To evaluate whether assessing the anatomical characteristics of renal masses increases the accuracy of prediction of tumour pathology in small renal masses (SRMs).
Patients and Methods
We retrospectively reviewed 1129 consecutive patients who underwent extirpative surgeries for a clinical T1 renal mass, for which the preoperative aspects and dimensions used for an anatomical (PADUA) classification were available.
Multivariate logistic regression analyses of demographic and anatomical characteristics were performed.
Nomograms to predict malignancy and high grade pathology were constructed using a basic model (age, sex and tumour size), and an extended model (anatomical characteristics incorporated into the basic model), and the area under the curve (AUC) between models was compared.
Results
Age, sex and tumour size were significantly associated with malignancy and high grade pathology in the T1 and T1a category (except sex for high grade pathology in T1a tumours). Exophytic rate (T1 and T1a) and renal sinus or urinary collecting system involvement (only T1a) were also significant predictors of high grade pathology.
Nomograms using the extended model for malignancy showed an insignificant AUC increase compared with those using the basic model (T1, from 0.771 to 0.780, P = 0.149, and T1a, from 0.803 to 0.819, P = 0.055).
For high grade pathology, the extended model achieved a significant AUC increase (from 0.595 to 0.643, P = 0.014) in the T1a category, but the AUC for both T1 and T1a tumours showed merely modest competence (0.654 and 0.643, respectively).
Conclusion
Age, sex and tumour size are the primary predictors of tumour pathology of SRMs, and incorporating other anatomical characteristics has only a limited positive effect on the accuracy of prediction of pathological outcomes.
Occult lymph node metastases in patients with carcinoma invading bladder muscle: incidence after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and cystectomy vs after cystectomy alone
Authors: Mertens Laura S. , Meijer Richard P. , Meinhardt Wim , van der Poel Henk G. , Bex Axel , Kerst J. Martijn , van der Heijden Michiel S. , Bergman Andries M. , Horenblas Simon , van Rhijn Bas W.G. 
Published: September 2013

Objective
To investigate the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) on the incidence of lymph node (LN) metastases in clinically node‐negative (cN0) patients with carcinoma invading the bladder muscle (MIBC).
Patients and Methods
Between 1990 and 2012, 828 consecutive patients underwent radical cystectomy (RC) with extended pelvic LN dissection (ePLND), of whom 441 had cT2–4N0M0 stage disease.
A total of 83 patients received NAC then underwent RC and 358 patients underwent RC only. The ePLND template and the indication for NAC remained the same during the study period.
The incidence of occult LN metastases was compared between the groups. Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were calculated to investigate the influence of NAC, cT stage, gender and the preoperative staging technique used (computed tomography [CT] or positron emission tomography/CT) on the occurrence of LN metastases.
Overall survival (OS) and disease‐specific survival were analysed using the Kaplan–Meier method.
Results
Patients in the NAC group more often had locally advanced MIBC than patients in the non‐NAC group (cT3–4: 88.0 vs 30.2%). In the NAC group, 19.3% of patients had LN metastases vs 28.5% of the patients in the non‐NAC group (P = 0.099). In the patients with cT3–4 disease, the occurrence of LN metastases was significantly lower in the NAC group than in the non‐NAC group (21.9 vs 40.7%, respectively, P = 0.002).
In multivariable analysis, adjusting for cT stage, gender and staging method, NAC was independently associated with a lower likelihood of LN metastases (OR: 0.41, 95% CI 0.21–0.79; P = 0.008).
Among the patients with cT3–4 disease, the median OS was significantly longer in the NAC group than in the non‐NAC group (68.0 vs 23.0 months, P = 0.047)
Conclusion
These data suggest that, along with a downstaging effect on the primary bladder tumour, NAC is associated with a lower incidence of occult LN metastases at the time of RC.
Epidermal growth factor receptor‐targeted therapy in locally advanced or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the penis
Authors: Carthon Bradley C. , Ng Chaan S. , Pettaway Curtis A. , Pagliaro Lance C. 
Published: September 2013

Objective
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐targeted therapy in patients with advanced penile or scrotal cancer.
Patients and Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the charts of patients with penile or scrotal squamous cell carcinoma who had visited our tertiary cancer centre between 2002 and 2009, including their subsequent treatment and follow‐up.
We collected details of EGFR‐targeted therapy and clinical outcomes. Treatment‐associated time‐to‐disease‐progression (TTP), overall survival (OS), responses to therapy and toxicity were evaluated.
Results
A total of 24 patients had received EGFR‐targeted therapies, including cetuximab, erlotinib and gefitinib. The most common treatment given (to 67% of patients) was cetuximab combined with one or more cytotoxic drugs.
The most common adverse effect was skin rash (71%). The median (range) TTP and OS were 11.3 (1–40) and 29.6 (2–205) weeks, respectively. The OS time for patients with visceral or bone metastases was significantly shorter than it was for those without (24.7 vs 49.9 weeks, P = 0.013).
Among 17 patients treated with cetuximab alone or in combination with cisplatin, there were four partial responses (23.5%) including two patients with apparently chemotherapy‐resistant tumours.
Conclusions
Our results suggest that cetuximab has antitumour activity in metastatic penile cancer, and may enhance the effect of cisplatin‐based chemotherapy.
Prospective studies of EGFR‐targeted therapies in men with these tumours are warranted.