bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exhausting Silence: Emotional Costs of Withholding Complaints
Authors: Liu Esther , Roloff Michael E. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIndividuals often withhold relational complaints rather than disclosing them. Withholding relational complaints not only impacts relationships but can also have implications for individual behaviors and emotions. This study examined cognitive activities and behavioral aggression involved in withholding relational complaints and the emotional impact of withholding. The student‐based sample consisted of 395 participants who completed a survey about emotion regulation responses (rumination and reappraisal) to an irritating experience, passive aggressive behaviors (silent treatment and stonewalling), and emotional exhaustion. The findings provide evidence for posited mediated relationships between rumination and emotional exhaustion through passive aggressive behaviors. Implications for managing challenging emotional situations and examining complaint withholding in the workplace are discussed.
Conceptualizing Conflict Management and Conflict Resolution as Distinct Negotiation Processes in the Context of the Enduring Israeli–Palestinian Conflict
Authors: Ben‐Artzi Ruth , Cristal Moty , Kopelman Shirli 
Published: January 2015

AbstractNegotiations in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict are historically traced and compared through an analysis of conflict resolution (CR) and conflict management (CM), defined as distinct negotiation processes. The assumption thatCMis a stepping‐stone toCRis challenged: Linking the two processes has not only entrenched but exacerbated this enduring conflict. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Ecology and evolution of floral volatile‐mediated information transfer in plants
Authors: Schiestl Florian P. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryFloral volatiles are complex, multi‐functional signals that are often used by pollinators in combination with other signals, such as color. Floral visitors use floral scent to estimate the amount of reward present in flowers, to facilitate the identification of a specific host flower or as signals that chemically resemble those important for pollinator insects in other ecological contexts. There is good evidence that floral scent evolves under selection imposed by both mutualists and antagonists. Antagonists may often limit the amount of scent emitted by flowers, thus contributing to spatial population variation, and select for phenotypic plasticity after enemy attack. Floral scent is also an important component of pollinator‐mediated reproductive isolation, as it often co‐varies with color and morphology in sister species with different pollination systems.

Contents

Summary
571

I.
Introduction
571

II.
Why do pollinators use floral scent?
572

III.
Conflicting selection imposed by mutualists and antagonists
575

IV.
Floral scent and reproductive isolation
575

V.
Conclusions
575

Acknowledgements
576

References
576
Barley: a translational model for adaptation to climate change
Authors: Dawson Ian K. , Russell Joanne , Powell Wayne , Steffenson Brian , Thomas William T. B. , Waugh Robbie 
Published: January 2015

SummaryBarley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. vulgare) is an excellent model for understanding agricultural responses to climate change. Its initial domestication over 10 millennia ago and subsequent wide migration provide striking evidence of adaptation to different environments, agro‐ecologies and uses. A bottleneck in the selection of modern varieties has resulted in a reduction in total genetic diversity and a loss of specific alleles relevant to climate‐smart agriculture. However, extensive and well‐curated collections of landraces, wild barley accessions (H. vulgare ssp. spontaneum) and other Hordeum species exist and are important new allele sources. A wide range of genomic and analytical tools have entered the public domain for exploring and capturing this variation, and specialized populations, mutant stocks and transgenics facilitate the connection between genetic diversity and heritable phenotypes. These lay the biological, technological and informational foundations for developing climate‐resilient crops tailored to specific environments that are supported by extensive environmental and geographical databases, new methods for climate modelling and trait/environment association analyses, and decentralized participatory improvement methods. Case studies of important climate‐related traits and their constituent genes – including examples that are indicative of the complexities involved in designing appropriate responses – are presented, and key developments for the future highlighted.

Contents

Summary
913

I.
Introduction
913

II.
Barley resources for climate change interventions
915

III.
Predictions for barley production and genetic resources based on environmental modelling
917

IV.
Examples of important genes and traits under climate change
919

V.
Practical approaches for responding to climate change
922

VI.
Looking to the future
926

Acknowledgements
927

References
927
New insights from bone microanatomy of the Late Triassic Hyperodapedon (Archosauromorpha, Rhynchosauria): implications for archosauromorph growth strategy
Authors: Mukherjee Debarati 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBone microanatomy of multiple postcranial skeletal elements of several individuals of Hyperodapedon collected from India is reported. This reveals that fibrolamellar bone tissue is predominant in the mid‐ and inner cortices, whereas the peripheral region of the cortex is composed of either parallel‐fibred and/or lamellar bone. The pattern of primary osteons mostly ranges between laminar and subplexiform. Such predominance of fibrolamellar bone tissue in the cortex suggests an overall fast growth, which slowed down considerably later in ontogeny. Four distinct ontogenetic stages are identified based on the bone microstructure. During the juvenile stage, growth was fast and continuous, but it became punctuated during the early and late sub‐adult stages. In adult individuals, growth was slow and showed periodic interruption but did not stop completely, suggesting that Hyperodapedon had an indeterminate growth strategy. Interelemental histovariations affecting cortical thickness, organization of the vascular network, incidence of growth rings and extent of secondary reconstruction are noted. Throughout ontogeny, the femora show higher cortical thickness than humeri and tibiae, suggesting differential appositional growth rate between the skeletal elements. Differences in cortical thickness are noted in the ribs, which suggest differential functional constraints based on anatomical site‐specific occurrences. Although fibrolamellar bone tissue became progressively more dominant towards the archosaurs, there are considerable variations in the growth patterns of the archosauromorphs. This is exemplified by the bone microstructure of Hyperodapedon, which deviates from the generalized slow‐growth pattern proposed for all basal archosauromorphs, suggesting that rapid growth was already present in the archosauromorphs. The cortical thickness of various long bones of Hyperodapedon bears similarity with that of several extant terrestrial quadrupeds, suggesting that Hyperodapedon was essentially a terrestrial quadruped.
Increased circulating Th17 cells and elevated serum levels of TGF‐beta and IL‐21 are correlated with human non‐segmental vitiligo development
Authors: Zhou Li , Shi Yu‐Ling , Li Kai , Hamzavi Iltefat , Gao Tian‐Wen , Huggins Richard H. , Lim Henry W. , Mi Qing‐Sheng 
Published: January 2015

SummaryAlthough non‐segmental vitiligo (NSV) results from the autoimmune destruction of melanocytes, the detailed immune mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. Th17 cells have been identified to be implicated in human autoimmune diseases. In this study, the frequencies of peripheral blood Th17 cells and serum levels of IL‐17A and Th17 cell‐related cytokines were examined in 45 patients with active NSV compared to 45 race‐, gender‐, and age‐matched healthy controls. Our results showed increased circulating Th17 cell frequencies and elevated serum IL‐17A, TGF‐β1, and IL‐21 levels in patients with NSV. Meanwhile, the increased Th17 cell frequencies are positively correlated with serum TGF‐β1 level, and the body surface area of lesions is positively correlated with elevated TGF‐β1 and IL‐21 levels and Th17 cell frequencies. Furthermore, positive correlation was identified between Th17 and Th1 cell frequencies in patients with NSV. These results further indicate the potential involvement of Th17 cells and the collaborative contribution of Th17 and Th1 in NSV development, and suggest that the elevated serum TGF‐β1 and IL‐21 levels could contribute to enhanced Th17 cell differentiation in NSV.
Possible relation between olfaction and anxiety in healthy subjects
Authors: Takahashi Tsutomu , Itoh Hiroko , Nishikawa Yumiko , Higuchi Yuko , Nakamura Mihoko , Sasabayashi Daiki , Nishiyama Shimako , Mizukami Yuko , Masaoka Yuri , Suzuki Michio 
Published: January 2015

AimsWhile olfaction is a sense closely associated with the limbic system and emotions, the relation between emotional status and olfactory functioning has not been well documented. This study aimed to examine the possible effect of anxiety on olfaction in healthy subjects.MethodsWe investigated the effect of state and trait anxiety on the detection and recognition thresholds for five different odors in 124 healthy subjects (62 men and 62 women, mean age = 27.2 years) using a T&T olfactometer.ResultsWhile the influences of age, socioeconomic status, IQ, and smoking history on olfaction were not significant, women had a lower recognition threshold for the odor of sweet fruit and a higher detection threshold for that of rotten food as compared with men. Both state and trait anxiety ratings were significantly associated with reduced olfactory ability, especially for identification of rose odor.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that emotional status affects olfactory functioning in healthy subjects. Our findings may also partly explain the mild olfactory impairment reported in clinical conditions, such as anxiety disorders.
Magnetoencephalographic evidence of early right hemisphere overactivation during metaphor comprehension in schizophrenia
Authors: Zeev‐Wolf Maor , Faust Miriam , Levkovitz Yechiel , Harpaz Yuval , Goldstein Abraham 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWhereas language processing in neurotypical brains is left lateralized, individuals with schizophrenia (SZ) display a bilateral or reversed pattern of lateralization. We used MEG to investigate the implications of this atypicality on fine (left hemisphere) versus coarse (right hemisphere) semantic processing. Ten SZ and 14 controls were presented with fine (conventional metaphor, literal, and unrelated expressions) and coarse (novel metaphor) linguistic stimuli. Results showed greater activation of the right hemisphere for novel metaphors and greater bilateral activation for unrelated expressions at the M170 window in SZ. Moreover, at the M350, SZ showed reduced bilateral activation. We conclude that SZ are overreliant on early‐stage coarse semantic processing. As a result, they jump too quickly to remote conclusions, with limited control over the meanings they form. This may explain one of the core symptoms of the disorder—loose associations.
When experimentalist governance meets science‐based regulations; the case of food safety regulations
Authors: Wengle Susanne 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis paper examines a central regulatory mechanism that shapes food economies. Food safety regulations in the United States rely on a science‐based transnational regulatory system known as Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP), which bears central features of what Sabel and Zeitlin identified as experimentalist governance: a new form of regulation that is flexible, responsive, and involves stakeholders in iterative and direct democratic deliberation. The core theoretical question the paper examines is what the reliance on science means for the promise of an experimentalist policy regime to enable a new form of democratic politics. Based on a case study of the HACCP system implemented by the US Department of Agriculture's Food Safety and Inspection Service since the late 1990s, HACCP's reliance on food science has acted as an effective divider between producers who were able to take advantage of the system's flexibility and others for whom this was challenging. There is clear evidence that HACCP posed a disproportionate burden on small processors and that some of them were unable to adapt to the requirements of the regulatory system. In so far as the HACCP‐based food safety regulations delineated the kind of producer that thrived in the system and contributed to the demise of another set of producers, the regulatory system shaped market outcomes.
Effects of mesenchymal stem cells in renovascular hypertension
Authors: Oliveira‐Sales Elizabeth B. , Varela Vanessa A. , Bergamaschi Cassia T. , Campos Ruy R. , Boim Mirian A. 
Published: January 2015

New Findings

What is the topic of this review?
The major topic of this review addresses the effects of mesenchymal stem cell treatment in renovascular hypertension.

What advances does it highlight?
This therapy may be a promising strategy to treat renovascular hypertension and its renal consequences in the near future.

Renovascular hypertension induced by the two‐kidney, one‐clip technique is a renin–angiotensin system‐dependent model that leads to renal vascular rarefaction, fibrosis and renal failure. Treatment of renovascular hypertension remains a challenge, and thus, new therapies are needed. In this report, we discuss the beneficial effects of mesenchymal stem cells on the reconstruction of the renal parenchyma of the stenotic kidney to improve vascular rarefaction and fibrosis. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy prevented the progressive increase in systolic arterial pressure, reduced sympathetic hyperactivity, improved renal morphology, induced neovascularization and reduced fibrosis in stenotic kidneys. Although this therapy may be a promising strategy to treat renovascular hypertension and its renal consequences, further studies are necessary to improve the efficiency of mesenchymal stem cells.
Inhibitory and excitatory neuromodulation by hydrogen peroxide: translating energetics to information
Authors: Lee Christian R. , Patel Jyoti C. , O'Neill Brian , Rice Margaret E. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractHistorically, brain neurochemicals have been broadly classified as energetic or informational. However, increasing evidence implicates metabolic substrates and byproducts as signalling agents, which blurs the boundary between energy and information, and suggests the introduction of a new category for ‘translational’ substances that convey changes in energy state to information. One intriguing example is hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which is a small, readily diffusible molecule. Produced during mitochondrial respiration, this reactive oxygen species, can mediate dynamic regulation of neuronal activity and transmitter release by activating inhibitory ATP‐sensitive K+ (KATP) channels, as well as a class of excitatory non‐selective cation channels, TRPM2. Studies using ex vivo guinea pig brain slices have revealed that activity‐generated H2O2 can act via KATP channels to inhibit dopamine release in dorsal striatum and dopamine neuron activity in the substantia nigra pars compacta. In sharp contrast, endogenously generated H2O2 enhances the excitability of GABAergic projection neurons in the dorsal striatum and substantia nigra pars reticulata by activating TRPM2 channels. These studies suggest that the balance of excitation vs. inhibition produced in a given cell by metabolically generated H2O2 will be dictated by the relative abundance of H2O2‐sensitive ion channel targets that receive this translational signal.
Dynamic cortical lateralization during olfactory discrimination learning
Authors: Cohen Yaniv , Putrino David , Wilson Donald A. 
Published: January 2015

Key pointsOdour discrimination and memory involve changes in the primary olfactory (piriform) cortex.The results obtained in the present study suggest that there is an asymmetry in piriform cortical change, with learning‐related changes in cortical oscillations emerging with different time courses over the course of multiday training in the left and right piriform cortices in rats.There is an initial decrease in coherence between the left and right piriform cortices during the early stages of the odour discrimination task, which recovers as the animals approach criterion performance. This decreased coherence is expressed when the animals are performing the task relative to when they are in their home cage.The results suggest a transient cortical asymmetry during learning and raise new questions about the functions and mechanisms of cerebral lateralization.AbstractBilateral cortical circuits are not necessarily symmetrical. Asymmetry, or cerebral lateralization, allows functional specialization of bilateral brain regions and has been described in humans for such diverse functions as perception, memory and emotion. There is also evidence for asymmetry in the human olfactory system, although evidence in non‐human animal models is lacking. In the present study, we took advantage of the known changes in olfactory cortical local field potentials that occur over the course of odour discrimination training to test for functional asymmetry in piriform cortical activity during learning. Both right and left piriform cortex local field potential activities were recorded. The results obtained demonstrate a robust interhemispheric asymmetry in anterior piriform cortex activity that emerges during specific stages of odour discrimination learning, with a transient bias toward the left hemisphere. This asymmetry is not apparent during error trials. Furthermore, functional connectivity (coherence) between the bilateral anterior piriform cortices is learning‐ and context‐dependent. Steady‐state interhemispheric anterior piriform cortex coherence is reduced during the initial stages of learning and then recovers as animals acquire competent performance. The decrease in coherence is seen relative to bilateral coherence expressed in the home cage, which remains stable across conditioning days. Similarly, transient, trial‐related interhemispheric coherence increases with task competence. Taken together, the results demonstrate transient asymmetry in piriform cortical function during odour discrimination learning until mastery, suggesting that each piriform cortex may contribute something unique to odour memory.
The Effectiveness of Whole-Body-Vibration Training in Improving Hamstring Flexibility in Physically Active Adults
Authors: Houston Megan N. , Hodson Victoria E. , Adams Kelda K.E. , Hoch Johanna M. 
Published: January 2015

Clinical Scenario:Hamstring tightness is common among physically active individuals. In addition to limiting range of motion and increasing the risk of muscle strain, hamstring tightness contributes to a variety of orthopedic conditions. Therefore, clinicians continue to identify effective methods to increase flexibility. Although hamstring tightness is typically treated with common stretching techniques such as static stretching and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation, it has been suggested that whole-body-vibration (WBV) training may improve hamstring flexibility.Clinical Question:Can WBV training, used in isolation or in combination with common stretching protocols or exercise, improve hamstring flexibility in physically active young adults?Summary of Key Findings:Of the included studies, 4 demonstrated statistically significant improvements in hamstring flexibility in the intervention group, and 1 study found minor improvements over time in the intervention group after treatment.Clinical Bottom Line:There is moderate evidence to support the use of WBV training to improve hamstring flexibility in physically active young adults.Strength of Recommendation:There is grade B evidence that WBV training improves hamstring flexibility in physically active adults. The Centre of Evidence Based Medicine recommends a grade of B for level 2 evidence with consistent findings.
Dissemination of High-Risk Clones of Extensively Drug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Colombia
Authors: Correa Adriana , del Campo Rosa , Perenguez Marcela , Blanco Victor M. , Rodríguez-Baños Mercedes , Perez Federico , Maya Juan J. , Rojas Laura , Cantón Rafael , Arias Cesar A. , Villegas Maria V. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

The ability of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
to develop resistance to most antimicrobials represents an important clinical threat worldwide. We report the dissemination in several Colombian hospitals of two predominant lineages of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) carbapenemase-producing
P. aeruginosa
strains. These lineages belong to the high-risk clones sequence type 111 (ST111) and ST235 and harbor
bla
VIM-2
on a class 1 integron and
bla
KPC-2
on a Tn
4401
transposon, respectively. Additionally,
P. aeruginosa
ST1492, a novel single-locus variant of ST111, was identified. Clonal dissemination and the presence of mobile genetic elements likely explain the successful spread of XDR
P. aeruginosa
strains in Colombia.
Antimicrobial Activity against Intraosteoblastic Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Valour Florent , Trouillet-Assant Sophie , Riffard Natacha , Tasse Jason , Flammier Sacha , Rasigade Jean-Philippe , Chidiac Christian , Vandenesch François , Ferry Tristan , Laurent Frédéric 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

Although
Staphylococcus aureus
persistence in osteoblasts, partly as small-colony variants (SCVs), can contribute to bone and joint infection (BJI) relapses, the intracellular activity of antimicrobials is not currently considered in the choice of treatment strategies for BJI. Here, antistaphylococcal antimicrobials were evaluated for their intraosteoblastic activity and their impact on the intracellular emergence of SCVs in an
ex vivo
osteoblast infection model. Osteoblastic MG63 cells were infected for 2 h with HG001
S. aureus
. After killing the remaining extracellular bacteria with lysostaphin, infected cells were incubated for 24 h with antimicrobials at the intraosseous concentrations reached with standard therapeutic doses. Intracellular bacteria and SCVs were then quantified by plating cell lysates. A bactericidal effect was observed with fosfomycin, linezolid, tigecycline, oxacillin, rifampin, ofloxacin, and clindamycin, with reductions in the intracellular inocula of −2.5, −3.1, −3.9, −4.2, −4.9, −4.9, and −5.2 log
10
CFU/100,000 cells, respectively (
P
< 10
−4
). Conversely, a bacteriostatic effect was observed with ceftaroline and teicoplanin, whereas vancomycin and daptomycin had no significant impact on intracellular bacterial growth. Ofloxacin, daptomycin, and vancomycin significantly limited intracellular SCV emergence. Overall, ofloxacin was the only molecule to combine an excellent intracellular activity while limiting the emergence of SCVs. These data provide a basis for refining the choice of antibiotics to prioritise in the management of BJI, justifying the combination of a fluoroquinolone for its intracellular activity with an anti-biofilm molecule, such as rifampin.
Antimicrobial Activity of Solithromycin against Serotyped Macrolide-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates Collected from U.S. Medical Centers in 2012
Authors: Farrell D. J. , Mendes R. E. , Jones R. N. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

Solithromycin, a next-generation macrolide and novel fluoroketolide, was tested against a 2012 collection of serotyped U.S. macrolide-resistant
Streptococcus pneumoniae
isolates associated with community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP). Against all 272 isolates, solithromycin demonstrated high potency (MIC
50/90
, 0.06/0.25 μg/ml), and it inhibited all strains at MICs of ≤0.5 μg/ml, including the two most prevalent macrolide-resistant serotypes (19A and 35B). These data support the continued clinical development of solithromycin for the treatment of multidrug-resistant CABP.