bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing the Health Care Experiences of Medicare Beneficiaries with and without Depressive Symptoms in Medicare Managed Care versus Fee‐for‐Service
Authors: Martino Steven C. , Elliott Marc N. , Haviland Amelia M. , Saliba Debra , Burkhart Q. , Kanouse David E. 
Published: September 2015

ObjectiveTo compare patient experiences and disparities for older adults with depressive symptoms in managed care (Medicare Advantage [MA]) versus Medicare Fee‐for‐Service (FFS).Data SourcesData came from the 2010 Medicare CAHPS survey, to which 220,040 MA and 135,874 FFS enrollees aged 65 and older responded.Study DesignMultivariate linear regression was used to test whether case‐mix‐adjusted associations between depressive symptoms and patient experience differed for beneficiaries in MA versus FFS. Dependent measures included four measures of beneficiaries' experiences with doctors (e.g., reports of doctor communication) and seven measures of beneficiaries' experiences with plans (e.g., customer service).Principal FindingsBeneficiaries with depressive symptoms reported worse experiences than those without depressive symptoms regardless of coverage type. For measures assessing interactions with the plan (but not for measures assessing interactions with doctors), the disadvantage for beneficiaries with versus without depressive symptoms was larger in MA than in FFS.ConclusionsDisparities in care experienced by older Medicare beneficiaries with depressive symptoms tend to be more negative in managed care than in FFS. Efforts are needed to identify and address the barriers these beneficiaries encounter to help them better traverse the managed care environment.
SNPs in candidate genes MX dynamin‐like GTPase and chemokine (C‐C motif) receptor‐5 are associated with ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma progression in Latxa sheep
Authors: Larruskain A. , Esparza‐Baquer A. , Minguijón E. , Juste R. A. , Jugo B. M. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryOvine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) is a contagious lung cancer in sheep caused by Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV). OPA is present in many sheep‐rearing countries causing economic and welfare issues, as currently no efficient vaccines or treatments are available. Breed differences suggest a host genetic component may influence the pathogenesis of OPA, but so far few genes have been identified. In this work, a genetic association study was carried out in Latxa dairy sheep which were classified as cases/controls based on the presence/absence of OPA lung tumours. Candidate genes included cytokines and a receptor and innate immunity genes. After SNPs in the candidate genes were identified, the distribution of alleles in cases and controls was compared by means of logistic regression analyses at the allelic, genotypic and haplotypic levels. The association analysis showed that several candidate genes were significantly associated with resistance or susceptibility to OPA; two of the candidates, CCR5 and MX1, remained significantly associated with resistance and susceptibility respectively, even after Bonferroni correction.
Optimal design of compact and connected nature reserves for multiple species
Authors: Wang Yicheng , Önal Hayri 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWhen designing a conservation reserve system for multiple species, spatial attributes of the reserves must be taken into account at species level. The existing optimal reserve design literature considers either one spatial attribute or when multiple attributes are considered the analysis is restricted only to one species. We built a linear integer programing model that incorporates compactness and connectivity of the landscape reserved for multiple species. The model identifies multiple reserves that each serve a subset of target species with a specified coverage probability threshold to ensure the species' long‐term survival in the reserve, and each target species is covered (protected) with another probability threshold at the reserve system level. We modeled compactness by minimizing the total distance between selected sites and central sites, and we modeled connectivity of a selected site to its designated central site by selecting at least one of its adjacent sites that has a nearer distance to the central site. We considered structural distance and functional distances that incorporated site quality between sites. We tested the model using randomly generated data on 2 species, one ground species that required structural connectivity and the other an avian species that required functional connectivity. We applied the model to 10 bird species listed as endangered by the state of Illinois (U.S.A.). Spatial coherence and selection cost of the reserves differed substantially depending on the weights assigned to these 2 criteria. The model can be used to design a reserve system for multiple species, especially species whose habitats are far apart in which case multiple disjunct but compact and connected reserves are advantageous. The model can be modified to increase or decrease the distance between reserves to reduce or promote population connectivity.
Progress in the management of retrorectal tumours
Authors: Hopper L. , Eglinton T. W. , Wakeman C. , Dobbs B. R. , Dixon L. , Frizelle F. A. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAimTumours in the retrorectal space are rare and pathologically heterogeneous. The roles of imaging and preoperative biopsy, nonoperative management and the indications for surgical resection are controversial. This study investigated a series of retrorectal tumours treated in a single institution with the aim of producing a modern improved management algorithm.MethodA retrospective analysis was conducted of the management of all retrorectal lesions identified between 1998 and 2013 from a radiology database search. Patient demographics, presenting symptoms, imaging, biopsy, management and the results were recorded. Descriptive statistics were used and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was performed.ResultsSixty‐nine patients with a confirmed retrorectal tumour were identified. The median age was 50 (36–67 interquartile range) and 42 (56%) were female. Twenty (29%) of the tumours were malignant: 4 of 41 cystic lesions were malignant (12.9%) vs 16 of 28 solid (or heterogeneous) lesions (57.1%) (P < 0.0001). Imaging demonstrated a 95% sensitivity and 64% specificity for differentiating benign from malignant tumours. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was significantly better at distinguishing between benign and malignant tumours than computed tomography (94% vs 64%, P = 0.03). Percutaneous biopsy was performed in 16 patients and only 27 underwent resection. There was no evidence of local recurrence associated with biopsy. Solid lesions were associated with a nonsignificant decreased overall survival (P = 0.348).ConclusionThis study demonstrated that MRI should be the investigation of choice for retrorectal lesions. Biopsy of solid lesions is safe and useful for guiding neoadjuvant and surgical therapy. Cystic lesions without suspicious radiological features can be followed by serial imaging without resection.
The Dynamic Newsvendor Model with Correlated Demand
Authors: Alwan Layth C. , Xu Minghui , Yao Dong‐Qing , Yue Xiaohang 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThe classic newsvendor model was developed under the assumption that period‐to‐period demand is independent over time. In real‐life applications, the notion of independent demand is often challenged. In this article, we examine the newsvendor model in the presence of correlated demands. Specifically under a stationary AR(1) demand, we study the performance of the traditional newsvendor implementation versus a dynamic forecast‐based implementation. We demonstrate theoretically that implementing a minimum mean square error (MSE) forecast model will always have improved performance relative to the traditional implementation in terms of cost savings. In light of the widespread usage of all‐purpose models like the moving‐average method and exponential smoothing method, we compare the performance of these popular alternative forecasting methods against both the MSE‐optimal implementation and the traditional newsvendor implementation. If only alternative forecasting methods are being considered, we find that under certain conditions it is best to ignore the correlation and opt out of forecasting and to simply implement the traditional newsvendor model.
Effect of water depth on predation frequency by diving beetles on mosquito larvae prey
Authors: Ohba Shin‐ya , Ushio Masayuki 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDiving behavior and its frequency may differ among species of mosquito larvae because of differences in predation pressure. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between water depth and predation frequency on two mosquito species, Culex tritaeniorhynchus (wetland breeder) and Aedes albopictus (container breeder), by the diving beetle Eretes griseus. Culex tritaeniorhynchus spends more time at the surface than A. albopictus, which spends more time thrashing underwater. When intact mosquito larvae of both species were present, the diving beetles consumed almost all A. albopictus larvae (98.3%). After all the A. albopictus larvae had been consumed, the diving beetles began to prey on C. tritaeniorhynchus. In order to compare the effect of position on the predation preference of the diving beetles, equal numbers of both species were heat‐killed and allowed to settle on the bottom of the container. When all the dead mosquito larvae had sunk to the bottom of a plastic container, the diving beetles caught both mosquito species at random. These results indicate that mosquito larvae near the surface were eaten less frequently by diving beetles than those at the bottom. The low diving frequency of C. tritaeniorhynchus is regarded as a form of anti‐predatory behavior.
Response of the endangered tropical dry forests to climate change and the role of Mexican Protected Areas for their conservation
Authors: Prieto‐Torres David A. , Navarro‐Sigüenza Adolfo G. , Santiago‐Alarcon Diego , Rojas‐Soto Octavio R. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAssuming that co‐distributed species are exposed to similar environmental conditions, ecological niche models (ENMs) of bird and plant species inhabiting tropical dry forests (TDFs) in Mexico were developed to evaluate future projections of their distribution for the years 2050 and 2070. We usedENM‐based predictions and climatic data for two Global Climate Models, considering two Representative Concentration Pathway scenarios (RCP4.5/RCP8.5). We also evaluated the effects of habitat loss and the importance of the Mexican system of protected areas (PAs) on the projected models for a more detailed prediction ofTDFs and to identify hot spots that require conservation actions. We identified four major distributional areas: the main one located along the Pacific Coast (from Sonora to Chiapas, including the Cape and Bajío regions, and the Balsas river basin), and three isolated areas: the Yucatán peninsula, central Veracruz, and southern Tamaulipas. When considering the effect of habitat loss, a significant reduction (~61%) of theTDFs predicted area occurred, whereas climate‐change models suggested (in comparison with the present distribution model) an increase in area of 3.0–10.0% and 3.0–9.0% for 2050 and 2070, respectively. In future scenarios,TDFs will occupy areas above its current average elevational distribution that are outside of its present geographical range. Our findings show thatTDFs may persist in Mexican territory until the middle of theXXIcentury; however, the challenges about long‐term conservation are partially addressed (only 7% unaffected within the Mexican network ofPAs) with the current MexicanPAs network. Based on ourENMapproach, we suggest that a combination of models of species inhabiting presentTDFs and taking into account change scenarios represent an invaluable tool to create newPAs and ecological corridors, as a response to the increasing levels of habitat destruction and the effects of climate change on this ecosystem.
Ultrasound‐Assisted Extraction of Oil from Chia (Salvia hispânica L.) Seeds: Optimization Extraction and Fatty Acid Profile
Authors: de Mello Bruna Tais F. , dos Santos Garcia Vitor A. , da Silva Camila 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe objective of the present study was to evaluate ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) to obtain oil from chia seeds (Salvia hispânica L.). A Box–Behnken design was applied to investigate and optimize the process variables (temperature, solvent to seed ratio and time) for oil yield. The solvent to seed ratio and temperature had the greatest influence on oil yield, followed by the extraction time (P < 0.05). An extraction temperature of 50C, a solvent to seed ratio of 12 mL/g and 40 min of extraction were identified as the optimal conditions, with 27.24% oil yield. The application of ultrasound resulted in higher oil yield when compared with the process without ultrasound (P < 0.05). The fatty acid composition extracted by UAE was similar to that of oil extracted using other extraction methods. Linolenic acid (∼66%) and linoleic acid (∼20%) were the main fatty acid constituents of chia seed oil. The quantity of unsaturated fatty acids was higher than saturated fatty acids.Practical ApplicationThe chia seed oil is considered one of the greatest sources of linoleic and linolenic acid and the extraction demonstrated high efficiency by UAE. Chia oil obtained by UAE using ethyl acetate with solvent may be used as a food, accepted in the food industry, because the solvent is considered a food‐grade solvent. The effect of different parameters such as temperature, the solvent to seed ratio and extraction time in the UAE provided high yields in the extraction, and the chemical analyses indicated polyunsaturated fatty acids, are the major oil components (82% of the total oil composition).
Acrolein contributes to TRPA1 up‐regulation in peripheral and central sensory hypersensitivity following spinal cord injury
Authors: Park Jonghyuck , Zheng Lingxing , Acosta Glen , Vega‐Alvarez Sasha , Chen Zhe , Muratori Breanne , Cao Peng , Shi Riyi 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAcrolein, an endogenous aldehyde, has been shown to be involved in sensory hypersensitivity after rat spinal cord injury (SCI), for which the pathogenesis is unclear. Acrolein can directly activate a pro‐algesic transient receptor protein ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel that exists in sensory neurons. Both acrolein and TRPA1 mRNA are elevated post SCI, which contributes to the activation of TRPA1 by acrolein and consequently, neuropathic pain. In the current study, we further showed that, post‐SCI elevation of TRPA1 mRNA exists not only in dorsal root ganglias but also in both peripheral (paw skin) and central endings of primary afferent nerves (dorsal horn of spinal cord). This is the first indication that pain signaling can be over‐amplified in the peripheral skin by elevated expressions of TRPA1 following SCI, in addition over‐amplification previously seen in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia. Furthermore, we show that acrolein alone, in the absence of physical trauma, could lead to the elevation of TRPA1 mRNA at various locations when injected to the spinal cord. In addition, post‐SCI elevation of TRPA1 mRNA could be mitigated using acrolein scavengers. Both of these attributes support the critical role of acrolein in elevating TRPA1 expression through gene regulation. Taken together, these data indicate that acrolein is likely a critical causal factor in heightening pain sensation post‐SCI, through both the direct binding of TRPA1 receptor, and also by boosting the expression of TRPA1. Finally, our data also further support the notion that acrolein scavenging may be an effective therapeutic approach to alleviate neuropathic pain after SCI.
imageWe propose that the trauma‐mediated elevation of acrolein causes neuropathic pain through at least two mechanisms: acrolein stimulates the production of transient receptor protein ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) in both central and peripheral locations, and it activates TRPA1 channels directly. Therefore, acrolein appears to be a critical factor in the pathogenesis of post‐SCI sensory hypersensitivity, becoming a novel therapeutic target to relieve both acute and chronic post‐SCI neuropathic pain.
Establishment and characterization of a new conditionally immortalized human astrocyte cell line
Authors: Furihata Tomomi , Ito Ryo , Kamiichi Atsuko , Saito Kosuke , Chiba Kan 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAstrocytes are the most abundant cell types in mammalian brains, within which they participate in various neuronal activities, partly by utilizing the numerous transporters expressed at their plasma membranes. Accordingly, detailed characterization of astrocytic functions, including transporters, are essential for understanding of mechanistic basis of normal brain functions, as well as the pathogenesis and treatment of various brain diseases. As a part of overall efforts to facilitate such studies, this study reports on the establishment of a new human astrocyte cell line, which is hereafter referred to as human astrocyte/conditionally immortalized, clone 35 (HASTR/ci35). This line, which was developed utilizing a cell immortalization method, showed excellent proliferative ability and expressed various astrocyte markers, including glial fibrillary acidic protein. When co‐cultured with neuronal cells, HASTR/ci35 cells could facilitate their dendritic network formation. Furthermore, HASTR/ci35 cells not only possessed significant glutamate and adenosine transporter activities but also exhibited organic ion transporter activities. To summarize, HASTR/ci35 cells possess several key astrocytic characteristics, including various transporter functions, while simultaneously showing infinite proliferation and scalability. Based on these findings, HASTR/ci35 cells can be expected to contribute significantly to various human astrocyte study fields.
imageIn vitro astrocyte models are valuable experimental tools in various astrocyte studies. Here, we report the establishment of a new human astrocyte cell line, HASTR/ci35, which show various key astrocyte properties, including astrocytic transporter activities, glycogen storage and facilitation of neuronal cell differentiation. Thus, HASTR/ci35 is expected to significantly contribute to advances toward detailed understanding of human astrocyte functions.
Determinants of suboptimal complementary feeding practices among children aged 6–23 months in seven francophone West African countries
Authors: Issaka Abukari I. , Agho Kingsley E. , Page Andrew N. , L. Burns Penelope , Stevens Garry J. , Dibley Michael J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSuboptimal complementary feeding practices play a crucial role in the health and development of children. The objective of this research paper was to identify factors associated with suboptimal complementary feeding practices among children aged 6–23 months in seven francophone West African countries, namely, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea, Mali, Niger and Senegal. This study covered 22 376 children aged 6–23 months from the seven countries surveyed (Benin: 3732 children; Burkina Faso: 4205 children; Cote d'Ivoire: 2109 children, Guinea: 1944 children, Mali: 3798 children, Niger: 3451 children and Senegal: 3137 children). The most recent Demographic and Health Survey datasets of the various countries were used as data sources. A set of individual‐, household‐ and community‐level factors were used to examine the four complementary feeding indicators. Multivariate analysis revealed that the youngest age bracket (6–11 months) of children, administrative/geographical region, mother's limited or non‐access to the mass media, mothers' lack of contact with a health facility, rural residence, poor households and non‐working mothers were the main factors associated with suboptimal complementary feeding in the countries surveyed. Our findings highlight the need to consider broader social, cultural and economic factors when designing child nutritional interventions.
Revisiting the ‘Gadgil effect’: do interguild fungal interactions control carbon cycling in forest soils?
Authors: Fernandez Christopher W. , Kennedy Peter G. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryIn forest ecosystems, ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi play a central role in the breakdown of soil organic matter (SOM). Competition between these two fungal guilds has long been hypothesized to lead to suppression of decomposition rates, a phenomenon known as the ‘Gadgil effect’. In this review, we examine the documentation, generality, and potential mechanisms involved in the ‘Gadgil effect’. We find that the influence of ectomycorrhizal fungi on litter and SOM decomposition is much more variable than previously recognized. To explain the inconsistency in size and direction of the ‘Gadgil effect’, we argue that a better understanding of underlying mechanisms is required. We discuss the strengths and weaknesses of each of the primary mechanisms proposed to date and how using different experimental methods (trenching, girdling, microcosms), as well as considering different temporal and spatial scales, could influence the conclusions drawn about this phenomenon. Finally, we suggest that combining new research tools such as high‐throughput sequencing with experiments utilizing natural environmental gradients will significantly deepen our understanding of the ‘Gadgil effect’ and its consequences on forest soil carbon and nutrient cycling.ContentsSummary1382I.Introduction1382II.Documenting the ‘Gadgil effect’1383III.Generality of the ‘Gadgil effect’1383IV.Mechanisms of the ‘Gadgil effect’1384V.Priming and the ‘Gadgil effect’1386VI.Is the ‘Gadgil effect’ context‐dependent?1387VII.Future research on the ‘Gadgil effect’1389VIII.Conclusions1391Acknowledgements1391References1391
Investigating proteasome inhibitors as potential adjunct therapies for experimental cerebral malaria
Authors: Howland S. W. , Ng G. X. P. , Chia S. K. , Rénia L. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryAside from antimalarials, there is currently no treatment for cerebral malaria, a fulminant neurological complication of P. falciparum infection that is a leading cause of death in African children. In the mouse model of cerebral malaria, cross‐presentation of parasite antigens by brain endothelial cells is thought to be a crucial late step in pathogenesis. We have investigated three proteasome inhibitors as potential adjunct therapies: bortezomib, carfilzomib and ONX‐0914. Only carfilzomib, an irreversible inhibitor of both constitutive proteasomes and immunoproteasomes, was able to inhibit cross‐presentation of malaria antigen by murine brain endothelial cells in vitro. To mimic the clinical setting, carfilzomib was co‐administered with artesunate only when infected mice exhibited neurological defects. However, there was no improvement in survival compared to artesunate monotherapy. The treatment failure was explained by the inability of daily or twice daily bolus doses of carfilzomib to inhibit cross‐presentation by brain endothelial cells in vivo. We also report here that bortezomib, which has been associated with neurological adverse events, accelerated death in ECM‐infected mice. Future investigations of proteasome inhibitors for modulating cross‐presentation during malaria infection should focus on sustained and targeted delivery to brain endothelial cells.
Fios emaranhados: (des)enlaces biográficos no documentário Elena
Authors: Moraes Emanuella Leite Rodrigues de , Oliveira Marinyze Prates de 
Published: September 2015

Este trabalho analisa questões pertinentes ao processo criador no filme documentário <em>Elena</em> (Petra Costa, 2012), cuja narrativa é tecida por meio de histórias que conectam o mundo das irmãs Elena e Petra. A reconstrução imagético-discursiva do caminho trilhado pela irmã mais velha, por parte da diretora, autora, narradora e protagonista Petra, traça uma espécie de cartografia dos espaços, objetos, memórias, afetos e desejos vivenciados por ambas.