bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Particle size and zeta potential investigation of synthetic peptide-protein conjugates / Sentetik peptid-protein konjugatlarının parçacık boyutu ve zeta potensiyel analizi
Authors: Derman Serap , Akdeste Zeynep Mustafaeva 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Objective: Synthetic peptides are not sufficiently large or complex by themselves to induce immune system because of their small size. Synthetic peptides are usually conjugated to different carriers such as proteins and polyelectrolytes to enhance their immunogenic properties and antigen-specific antibody production (Abs) rate. Thus, the aim of this study is synthesis of peptide-protein covalent conjugates, and size and zeta potential analysis of these conjugates.
Methods: In this study, synthetic peptide antigen of the 135-161 amino acids sequence of immunogenic VP1 capsid protein of “A” type foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) was covalently conjugated to bovine serum albumin (BSA) with the carbodiimide method by using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) at different molar ratios of peptide (γ=nPeptide/nBSA). Particle size and zeta potential analysis of peptide-protein bioconjugates have been performed by using dynamic and electrophoretic light-scattering methods.
Results: The size and surface charge of bioconjugates are important factors in a synthetic peptide vaccine. Nevertheless, there virtually no research has been conducted on zeta potential and the size of peptide-protein bioconjugates detailed.
Conclusion: Dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering analyses clearly demonstrated that zeta potential of the FMDV 135-161 synthetic peptide-BSA conjugates shifts to less negative potentials and particle sizes increase as the amount of peptide increased in conjugates. The data about peptide-carrier protein conjugates obtained by using these methods are very important for developing peptide-based vaccines.
Painlevé Integrability and a New Exact Solution of the Multi-Component Sasa-Satsuma Equation
Authors: Ye Yujian , Zhang Danda , Di Yanmei 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
In this article, Painlevé integrability of the multi-component Sasa-Satsuma equation is confirmed by using the standard WTC approach and the Kruskal simplification. Then, by means of the multi-linear variable separation approach, a new exact solution with lower-dimensional arbitrary functions is constructed. For the physical quantity

U

=

∑

i

=

1

N

∑

j

=

i

N

a

i
j

p
i

p
j

=

−

3

2
β

F
x

G
y

(
F

+

G
)

2

,

$U\; = \;\sum\nolimits_{i\; = \;1}^N \sum\nolimits_{j\; = \;i}^N {a_{ij}}{p_i}{p_j}\; = \; - \;\frac{3}{{2\beta }}\frac{{{F_x}{G_y}}}{{{{(F\; + \;G)}^2}}},$

new coherent structure which possesses peakons at x-axis and compactons at y-axis is illustrated both analytically and graphically.
Calcification and Ossification in the Arytenoid Cartilage: Incidence and Patterns
Authors: Curtis DJ , Allman RM , Brion J , Holborow GS , Brahman SL 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Calcification or ossification occurs early and commonly in the arytenoid cartilage. It may be difficult to detect, but there are only eight patterns that specifically identify ossification and calcification. Each arytenoid independently ossifies or calcifies. The cervical spine examination can specifically identify the patterns found at autopsy.
A Spectrometric Study of the Fluorescence Detection of Fecal Urobilinoids
Authors: Lloyd JBF , Weston NT 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Fluorescence spectra of extracts of fecal material, in the presence of zinc ion, display the well-known green fluorescence used in the Schlesinger test for the urobilinoids, together with several other fluorescences. All of these can be demonstrated in a single spectrum by the synchronous fluorescence technique, which, with new extraction conditions, enables the urobilinoid fluorescence to be detected in quantities of human fecal material down to about 50 ng in mass. This represents a reduction on the order of a thousandfold in the detection limit of the original visual technique; selectivity too is greatly increased. The effects caused by a variety of reagents on the fluorescences have been examined. It is shown that in Edelman's version of the test the presence of mercuric ion largely quenches the fluorescence. The synchronous spectra vary considerably between different samples of human feces and between different mammals according to their diet. The specificity of the recommended technique is discussed with reference to the spectra given by other body materials.
Constituents of Cannabis sativa L. XXIV: The Potency of Confiscated Marijuana, Hashish, and Hash Oil Over a Ten-Year Period
Authors: ElSohly MA , Holley JH , Lewis GS , Russell MH , Turner CE 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The chemical analysis of 2169 Cannabis preparations confiscated in the United States over a ten-year period is discussed. Samples are categorized according to physical appearance and potency trends are noted. The appearance of sinsemilla and buds, more potent forms of marijuana, and their effects on overall potency are emphasized along with discussion on domestically grown marijuana.
Assessment of Solvents for the Recovery of Nitroglycerine from Hands Using Cotton Swabs
Authors: Twibell JD , Home JM , Smalldon KW , Higgs DG , Hayes TS 
Published: August 2015

AbstractEight solvents were compared for their relative efficiency in removing nitroglycerine from the hands of persons handling explosives. The amount of interfering material also removed from the hands by the cotton swabs and the stability of the nitroglycerine in the solvent used were also investigated. Aqueous solvents yielded the best recoveries, when the extracts were partially purified by thin-layer chromatography before analysis, but the explosive was degraded rapidly by microorganisms that grew in the solutions. Of the aqueous, organic, and polar solvents tested, ethanol was found to offer the most complete, consistent, and stable recovery.
The Clandestine Drug Laboratory Situation in the United States
Authors: Frank RS 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Clandestine, or illegal, laboratories are operated by the criminal element to circumvent legal requirements with the goal of supplying drugs of abuse to the illicit market. Investigation of clandestine drug manufacturing laboratories is a high priority of the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) because elimination of these laboratories will prevent drugs of abuse from reaching the illicit drug traffic. One of the important responsibilities of forensic chemists assisting in investigations of clandestine drug laboratories is to be familiar with the methods of synthesis being used by clandestine laboratory, operators. A review of clandestine laboratory seizures during the period of 1978 through 1981 will be provided to familiarize forensic chemists with current information on the types of laboratories being seized in the United States and the methods of synthesis being used.
First-principles investigation of structural, electronic, and thermoelectric properties of n- and p-type Mg2Si
Authors: Hirayama Naomi , Iida Tsutomu , Morioka Shunsuke , Sakamoto Mariko , Nishio Keishi , Kogo Yasuo , Takanashi Yoshifumi , Hamada Noriaki 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Zeolite–zeolite composite fabricated by polycrystalline Y zeolite crystals parasitizing ZSM-5 zeolite
Authors: Wang Guangshuai , Liu Yujian , Zheng Jiajun , Pan Meng , Zhang Hongyan , Li Biao , Yuan Shuai , Yi Yuming , Tian Huiping , Li Ruifeng 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
CRESCIMENTO DO GIRASSOL EM SISTEMA HIDROPÔNICO SOB ESTRESSE SALINO E DENSIDADES DE PLANTIO
Authors: Santos Júnior José Amilton , Gheyi Hans Raj , Dias Nildo Da Silva , Guedes Filho Doroteu Honório 
Published: August 2015

A análise do comportamento de crescimento das plantas em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento permite a racionalização temporal do manejo das culturas em função de exigências e tolerâncias em etapas específicas do ciclo. Com o presente trabalho, buscou-se estudar o crescimento do girassol (Helianthus annuus L.) cv. EMBRAPA 122-V2000, cultivado em sistema hidropônico sob estresse salino e diferentes densidades de plantio. Testaram-se cinco níveis de salinidade da solução nutritiva (1,7 – testemunha; 4,3; 6,0; 9,0 e 11,5 dS m-1) e duas densidades de plantio (uma ou duas plantas por vaso) em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, analisado em esquema fatorial 5 x 2 com três repetições, totalizando 30 unidades experimentais. Verificou-se que a densidade de plantio não reduziu os índices de crescimento do girassol, no entanto, todas as variáveis estudadas foram influenciadas negativamente pelo estresse salino, especialmente a partir da condutividade elétrica da solução nutritiva de 6 dS m-1.
Morbidity after intracranial tumor surgery: sensitivity and specificity of retrospective review of medical records compared with patient-reported outcomes at 30 days
Authors: Drewes Christina , Sagberg Lisa Millgård , Jakola Asgeir Store , Gulati Sasha , Solheim Ole 
Published: August 2015

OBJECT
Published outcome reports in neurosurgical literature frequently rely on data from retrospective review of hospital records at discharge, but the sensitivity and specificity of retrospective assessments of surgical morbidity is not known. The aim of this study was to elucidate the sensitivity and specificity of retrospective assessment of morbidity after intracranial tumor surgery by comparing it to patient-reported outcomes at 30 days.

METHODS
In 191 patients who underwent surgery for the treatment of intracranial tumors, we evaluated newly acquired neurological deficits within the motor, language, and cognitive domains. Traditional retrospective discharge data were collected by review of hospital records. Patient-reported data were obtained by structured phone interviews at 30 days after surgery. Data on perioperative medical and surgical complications were obtained from both hospital records and patient interviews conducted 30 days postoperatively.

RESULTS
Sensitivity values for retrospective review of hospital records as compared with patient-reported outcomes were 0.52 for motor deficits, 0.4 for language deficits, and 0.07 for cognitive deficits. According to medical records, 158 patients were discharged with no new or worsened deficits, but only 117 (74%) of these patients confirmed this at 30 days after surgery. Specificity values were high (0.97–0.99), indicating that new deficits were unlikely to be found by retrospective review of hospital records at discharge when the patients did not report any at 30 days. Major perioperative complications were all identified through retrospective review of hospital records.

CONCLUSIONS
Retrospective assessment of medical records at discharge from hospital may greatly underestimate the incidence of new neurological deficits after brain tumor surgery when compared with patient-reported outcomes after 30 days.
Inception of a national multidisciplinary registry for stereotactic radiosurgery
Authors: Sheehan Jason P. , Kavanagh Brian D. , Asher Anthony , Harbaugh Robert E. 
Published: August 2015

Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) represents a multidisciplinary approach to the delivery of ionizing high-dose radiation to treat a wide variety of disorders. Much of the radiosurgical literature is based upon retrospective single-center studies along with a few randomized controlled clinical trials. More timely and effective evidence is needed to enhance the consistency and quality of and clinical outcomes achieved with SRS. The authors summarize the creation and implementation of a national SRS registry.
The American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS) through NeuroPoint Alliance, Inc., started a successful registry effort with its lumbar spine initiative. Following a similar approach, the AANS and NeuroPoint Alliance collaborated with corporate partners and the American Society for Radiation Oncology to devise a data dictionary for an SRS registry. Through administrative and financial support from professional societies and corporate partners, a framework for implementation of the registry was created. Initial plans were devised for a 3-year effort encompassing 30 high-volume SRS centers across the country. Device-specific web-based data-extraction platforms were built by the corporate partners. Data uploaders were then used to port the data to a common repository managed by Quintiles, a national and international health care trials company.
Audits of the data for completeness and veracity will be undertaken by Quintiles to ensure data fidelity. Data governance and analysis are overseen by an SRS board comprising equal numbers of representatives from the AANS and NeuroPoint Alliance. Over time, quality outcome assessments and post hoc research can be performed to advance the field of SRS.
Stereotactic radiosurgery offers a high-technology approach to treating complex intracranial disorders. Improvements in the consistency and quality of care delivered to patients who undergo SRS should be afforded by the national registry effort that is underway.
Endoscopic endonasal translacerum approach to the inferior petrous apex
Authors: Taniguchi Masaaki , Akutsu Nobuyuki , Mizukawa Katsu , Kohta Masaaki , Kimura Hidehito , Kohmura Eiji 
Published: August 2015

OBJECT
The surgical approach to lesions involving the inferior petrous apex (IPA) is still challenging. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the anatomical features of the IPA and to assess the applicability of an endoscopic endonasal approach through the foramen lacerum (translacerum approach) to the IPA.

METHODS
The surgical simulation of the endoscopic endonasal translacerum approach was conducted in 3 cadaver heads. The same technique was applied in 4 patients harboring tumors involving the IPA (3 chordomas and 1 chondro-sarcoma).

RESULTS
By removing the fibrocartilaginous component of the foramen lacerum, a triangular space was created between the anterior genu of the petrous portion of the carotid artery and the eustachian tube, through which the IPA could be approached. The range of the surgical maneuver reached laterally up to the internal auditory canal, jugular foramen, and posterior vertical segment of the petrous portion of the carotid artery. In clinical application, the translacerum approach provided sufficient space to handle tumors at the IPA. Gross-total and partial removal was achieved in 3 and 1 cases, respectively, without permanent surgery-related morbidity and mortality.

CONCLUSIONS
The endoscopic endonasal translacerum approach provides reliable access to the IPA. It is indicated alone for lesions confined to the IPA and in combination with other approaches for more extensive lesions.
Dorsal anterior cingulotomy and anterior capsulotomy for severe, refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder: a systematic review of observational studies
Authors: Brown Lauren T. , Mikell Charles B. , Youngerman Brett E. , Zhang Yuan , McKhann Guy M. , Sheth Sameer A. 
Published: August 2015

OBJECT
The object of this study was to perform a systematic review, according to Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) guidelines, of the clinical efficacy and adverse effect profile of dorsal anterior cingulotomy compared with anterior capsulotomy for the treatment of severe, refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).

METHODS
The authors included studies comparing objective clinical measures before and after cingulotomy or capsulotomy (surgical and radiosurgical) in patients with OCD. Only papers reporting the most current follow-up data for each group of investigators were included. Studies reporting results on patients undergoing one or more procedures other than cingulotomy or capsulotomy were excluded. Case reports and studies with a mean follow-up shorter than 12 months were excluded. Clinical response was defined in terms of a change in the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) score. The authors searched MEDLINE, PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Knowledge through October 2013. English and non-English articles and abstracts were reviewed.

RESULTS
Ten studies involving 193 participants evaluated the length of follow-up, change in the Y-BOCS score, and postoperative adverse events (AEs) after cingulotomy (n = 2 studies, n = 81 participants) or capsulotomy (n = 8 studies, n = 112 participants). The average time to the last follow-up was 47 months for cingulotomy and 60 months for capsulotomy. The mean reduction in the Y-BOCS score at 12 months’ follow-up was 37% for cingulotomy and 55% for capsulotomy. At the last follow-up, the mean reduction in Y-BOCS score was 37% for cingulotomy and 57% for capsulotomy. The average full response rate to cingulotomy at the last follow-up was 41% (range 38%–47%, n = 2 studies, n = 51 participants), and to capsulotomy was 54% (range 37%–80%, n = 5 studies, n = 50 participants). The rate of transient AEs was 14.3% across cingulotomy studies (n = 116 procedures) and 56.2% across capsulotomy studies (n = 112 procedures). The rate of serious or permanent AEs was 5.2% across cingulotomy studies and 21.4% across capsulotomy studies.

CONCLUSIONS
This systematic review of the literature supports the efficacy of both dorsal anterior cingulotomy and anterior capsulotomy in this highly treatment-refractory population. The observational nature of available data limits the ability to directly compare these procedures. Controlled or head-to-head studies are necessary to identify differences in efficacy or AEs and may lead to the individualization of treatment recommendations.
Preoperative epidural spinal injections increase the risk of surgical wound complications but do not affect overall complication risk or patient-perceived outcomes
Authors: Zusman Natalie , Munch Jacqueline L. , Ching Alexander , Hart Robert , Yoo Jung 
Published: August 2015

OBJECT
A lack of information exists on the relationship between preoperative epidural spinal injections and outcomes after spine surgery. There is concern that injections might cause local changes, increasing the infection risk and surgical difficulty. Therefore, the authors explored the relationship between preoperative spinal injections and postoperative outcome.

METHODS
The cohort was comprised of patients who underwent thoracic and/or lumbar arthrodesis during the years 2007–2010 and had complete (preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively) outcome scores. Patients’ clinical courses were reviewed to determine the occurrence of major complications within a 30-day postoperative period. Patient-perceived outcomes were evaluated using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and the SF-12 (12-Item Short Form Health Survey): mental component summary (MCS) and physical component summary (PCS) scores. Analyses were based on exposure to injections and were performed using chi-square exact tests and paired and unpaired t-tests.

RESULTS
Two hundred eighty patients met the inclusion criteria: 117 patients (41.8%) received and 163 patients (58.2%) did not receive preoperative epidural spinal injections. Overall, the likelihood of complication did not differ with respect to exposure (13.7% injection vs 11.7% noninjection); however, injected patients observed a 7.4-fold risk of developing surgical wound complications over noninjected patients (5.1% vs 0.6%, p = 0.02).
Patient-perceived outcomes measures demonstrated no differences between groups. Three months postoperatively, the MCS and ODI scores were similar (MCS: 49.6 ± 11.6 injection vs 47.4 ± 12.8 noninjection; ODI: 35.8 ± 18.0 vs 34.4 ± 19.1). MCS or ODI score improvement (preoperatively compared with 3 months postoperatively) did not vary between groups. Injected patients maintained a 2-point lower PCS score at entry and 3 months postoperatively as compared with noninjected peers (entry: 27.6 ± 8.2 injection vs 29.5 ± 9.3 noninjection, p = 0.09; 3 months: 33.3 ± 8.6 vs 35.7 ± 9.0, p = 0.03); the PCS score improvements between injected and noninjected groups were similar (5.7 ± 9.9 vs 6.2 ± 9.7).

CONCLUSIONS
Patients exposed to preoperative epidural injections had similar complication rates to those who never received a spinal injection. However, they had a greater risk of developing wound complications. These complications had no effect on short-term improvements in outcome measures.
Vitamin D Deficiency is Common in HIV-Infected Southern Australian Adults
Authors: Klassen Karen M , Fairley Christopher K , Kimlin Michael G , Hocking Jane , Kelsall Liza , Ebeling Peter R 
Published: August 2015

Background Vitamin D deficiency can have serious health consequences and may be particularly important for those living with HIV. It is unknown whether HIV infection is a risk factor for vitamin D deficiency. The aim of the study was to determine whether vitamin D deficiency is more common in HIV-infected than in HIV-uninfected individuals. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of HIV-infected and uninfected individuals. A total of 997 HIV-infected participants were from a sexual health clinic in Melbourne with 25(OH)D measurements taken between 2008 and 2012. 3,653 HIV-uninfected individuals were participants in a statewide Victorian survey with 25(OH)D measurements taken between 2009 and 2010. Logistic regression models evaluated the association of HIV status with vitamin D deficiency (25[OH]D<50 nmol/l). Results The frequency of vitamin D deficiency was significantly more common in HIV-infected (39% [95% CI 36%, 42%]) compared with HIV-uninfected individuals 23% (95% CI 15%, 31%). In multivariable analysis, males (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.8; 95% CI 0.6, 0.9; P=0.001), Caucasian country of origin (aOR 0.4; 95% CI 0.3, 0.4; P<0.001), summer/autumn (aOR for autumn 0.2; 95% CI 0.1, 0.3; P<0.001), total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein ratio >5 (aOR 1.4; 95% CI 1.2, 1.8; P<0.001) and HIV infection (aOR 1.7; 95% CI 1.4, 2.1; P<0.001) were associated with vitamin D deficiency. Conclusions Adults living in southern Australia with HIV were more likely to be vitamin D deficient than the general population.
Classical galactosemia in a Thai infant: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Ngoenmak Thitima , Somran Julintorn , Phuaksaman Chutima , Khunrat Jaruwat 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Background
Classic galactosemia is an inherited disorder of galactose metabolism that is caused by a deficiency of galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase (GALT). As in other Asians, the prevalence of galactosemia in Thai people is very low. An accumulation of its toxic metabolites leads to acute neonatal toxicity and long-term complications.

Objective
To present the fourth known published case of classical galactosemia in a Thai infant and review the English language literature.

Method
A 4-month-old boy who was born into a Thai family with no history of consanguinity developed persistent jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, and lethargy, since introduction to breast-feeding.

Result
Urine gas chromatography-mass spectrometry demonstrated a high level of galactose, galactitol, and galactonate. Liver biopsy confirmed severe hepatocellular damage and fibrosis. Breast-feeding was immediately replaced by a lactose-free diet and soy milk. His clinical features and subsequent laboratory measurements improved. Developmental delays and defects on speech presented at the last followed up.

Conclusion
Long-term complications are diet-independent and inevitable. However early recognition and immediate withdraw of galactose from the diet can prevent serious morbidity and mortality.