bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Centromedian region thalamic responsive neurostimulation mitigates idiopathic generalized and multifocal epilepsy with focal to bilateral tonic–clonic seizures
Authors: Nanda Pranav , Sisterson Nathaniel , Walton Ashley , Chu Catherine J. , Cash Sydney S. , Moura Lidia M. V. R. , Oster Joel M. , Urban Alexandra , Richardson Robert Mark 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveAlthough >30% of epilepsy patients have drug‐resistant epilepsy (DRE), typically those with generalized or multifocal disease have not traditionally been considered surgical candidates. Responsive neurostimulation (RNS) of the centromedian (CM) region of the thalamus now appears to be a promising therapeutic option for this patient population. We present outcomes following CM RNS for 13 patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) and eight with multifocal onsets that rapidly generalize to bilateral tonic–clonic (focal to bilateral tonic–clonic [FBTC]) seizures.MethodsA retrospective review of all patients undergoing bilateral CM RNS by the senior author through July 2022 were reviewed. Electrodes were localized and volumes of tissue activation were modeled in Lead‐DBS. Changes in patient seizure frequency were extracted from electronic medical records.ResultsTwenty‐one patients with DRE underwent bilateral CM RNS implantation. For 17 patients with at least 1 year of postimplantation follow‐up, average seizure reduction from preoperative baseline was 82.6% (SD = 19.0%, median = 91.7%), with 18% of patients Engel class 1, 29% Engel class 2, 53% Engel class 3, and 0% Engel class 4. There was a trend for average seizure reduction to be greater for patients with nonlesional FBTC seizures than for other patients. For patients achieving at least Engel class 3 outcome, median time to worthwhile seizure reduction was 203.5 days (interquartile range = 110.5–343.75 days). Patients with IGE with myoclonic seizures had a significantly shorter time to worthwhile seizure reduction than other patients. The surgical targeting strategy evolved after the first four subjects to achieve greater anatomic accuracy.SignificancePatients with both primary and rapidly generalized epilepsy who underwent CM RNS experienced substantial seizure relief. Subsets of these patient populations may particularly benefit from CM RNS. The refinement of lead targeting, tuning of RNS system parameters, and patient selection are ongoing areas of investigation.
More than “just a mom”: Identity distancing and reactivation during re‐entry transitions
Authors: Freeney Yseult , van der Werff Lisa , Greenberg Danna , Hayden Teresa , Costello Vera , Coleman Alison 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRe‐entering the workforce after a career interruption is a common work/family transition for women with caregiving responsibilities. Despite the frequency of these transitions over women's careers, extant scholarship has tended to be descriptive of the motives and barriers behind these transitions and has not built a more theoretically‐informed understanding of re‐entry transitions. In this study, we draw upon identity theory to explore women's subjective experiences of re‐entry transitions as we examine how women's identities evolve from being “just a mom” to a (re)activation of their work identity. Our findings highlight how, through a combination of psychological and relational mechanisms, women distance themselves from their stay‐at‐home identity and begin to reactivate a dormant or lingering work identity. Our work contributes to understanding of work/family transitions and identity theory as we theorize how this transition occurs and the mechanisms that support this identity transition process. We also call for changes in the practices of organizations and government agencies to better support this identity reactivation through improvements in processes related to supporting women in preparing for re‐entry following a career break and recruitment of women at this important transition point.
Adherence of SARS‐CoV‐2 Seroepidemiologic Studies to the ROSES‐S Reporting Guideline During the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Cheng Brianna , Loeschnik Emma , Selemon Anabel , Hosseini Reza , Yuan Jane , Ware Harriet , Ma Xiaomeng , Cao Christian , Bergeri Isabel , Subissi Lorenzo , Lewis Hannah C. , Williamson Tyler , Ronksley Paul , Arora Rahul K. , Whelan Mairead , Bobrovitz Niklas 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundComplete reporting of seroepidemiologic studies is critical to their utility in evidence synthesis and public health decision making. The Reporting of Seroepidemiologic studies—SARS‐CoV‐2 (ROSES‐S) guideline is a checklist that aims to improve reporting in SARS‐CoV‐2 seroepidemiologic studies. Adherence to the ROSES‐S guideline has not yet been evaluated.ObjectivesThis study aims to evaluate the completeness of SARS‐CoV‐2 seroepidemiologic study reporting by the ROSES‐S guideline during the COVID‐19 pandemic, determine whether guideline publication was associated with reporting completeness, and identify study characteristics associated with reporting completeness.MethodsA random sample from the SeroTracker living systematic review database was evaluated. For each reporting item in the guideline, the percentage of studies that were adherent was calculated, as well as median and interquartile range (IQR) adherence across all items and by item domain. Beta regression analyses were used to evaluate predictors of adherence to ROSES‐S.ResultsOne hundred and ninety‐nine studies were analyzed. Median adherence was 48.1% (IQR 40.0%–55.2%) per study, with overall adherence ranging from 8.8% to 72.7%. The laboratory methods domain had the lowest median adherence (33.3% [IQR 25.0%–41.7%]). The discussion domain had the highest median adherence (75.0% [IQR 50.0%–100.0%]). Reporting adherence to ROSES‐S before and after guideline publication did not significantly change. Publication source (p < 0.001), study risk of bias (p = 0.001), and sampling method (p = 0.004) were significantly associated with adherence.ConclusionsCompleteness of reporting in SARS‐CoV‐2 seroepidemiologic studies was suboptimal. Publication of the ROSES‐S guideline was not associated with changes in reporting practices. Authors should improve adherence to the ROSES‐S guideline with support from stakeholders.
Biogeography of oribatid mites (Acari) reflects their ancient origin and points to Southeast Asia as centre of radiation
Authors: Lu Jing‐Zhong , Pan Xue , Scheu Stefan , Maraun Mark 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimUnderstanding the worldwide distribution of species has fascinated scientists at least since Alfred Russel Wallace. Global patterns of belowground biodiversity may fundamentally differ from those of aboveground organisms. Here, we examine the global pattern and potential mechanisms driving the endemism and overlap of a soil microarthropod taxon.LocationGlobal.TaxonOribatida, Acari.MethodsWe investigated the global distribution of oribatid mites in five biogeographic regions including North America, South America, Eurasia, Africa and Oceania using a world list on the distribution of ~11,400 described species (including subspecies) at species, genera and family levels.Results and Main ConclusionWe found that most “endemic” (i.e., only occurring in one of the regions) species (4297) and also genera (143) occurred in Eurasia indicating that this region was the centre of radiation of oribatid mites. Within Eurasia, oribatid mite diversity was highest in Southeast Asia (1975 species) likely reflecting the long tropical history of this region (at least 200 million years), and also high fluctuations in water levels and island formation on the Sunda Shield. On a family level, oribatid mite diversity did not differ between biogeographic regions indicating that oribatid mites are much older than the tropics and older than the existence of Pangaea supporting the view of their origin in the early Palaeozoic. Finally, among the 55 species that occurred in all biogeographic regions nearly 50% reproduce by thelytoky and colonize high latitude ecosystems, indicating that compared to sexual species a disproportionally high number of parthenogenetic species is distributed worldwide suggesting that they possess a general‐purpose genotype. The other ~50% sexuals predominantly occur in tropical/subtropical regions across biogeographic regions supporting the view that resource shortage in tropical regions favours sex. Our findings highlight the importance of biogeographical studies of soil animals to better understand their diversity, distribution and life history strategies.
A dermocosmetic product containing the sap of oat plantlets and Garcinia mangostana extract improves the clinical signs of acne
Authors: Carballido F. , Philippe A. , Maitre M. , Lauze C. , Chanssard N. , Garidou L. , Duplan H. , Tan J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundAcne vulgaris is a common chronic inflammatory disorder of the pilosebaceous unit, characterized by papules, pustules and/or nodules manifesting primarily on the face and/or upper back that can leave scars, post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) and erythema (PIE).ObjectiveTo evaluate the anti‐inflammatory properties of a protein‐free sap extruded from Rhealba® oat plantlets and a Garcinia mangostana extract on Cutibacterium acnes‐induced inflammation in vitro and assess the tolerability and efficacy of a dermocosmetic product containing these actives in subjects with mild‐to‐moderate acne.MethodsMonocyte‐derived dendritic cells (Mo‐DCs) from acne patients were stimulated with a planktonic culture of C. acnes and cytokine production was evaluated before and after addition of the test extracts by RT‐PCR and ELISA. The clinical study was conducted in subjects with mild‐to‐moderate acne who applied the product to their face and upper back twice‐daily for 2 months.ResultsCutibacterium acnes‐induced IL‐6, IL‐12p40, IL‐10 and TNFα synthesis was reduced by the addition of the Garcinia mangostana extract and oat sap in vitro. The clinical study included 54 subjects. The 2‐month, twice‐daily application of the test product to the whole face and acne‐affected areas on the upper back was well tolerated. It led to significant decreases in the number of retentional (−21% for 69% of subjects at D57) and inflammatory (−35% for 79% of subjects at D57) acne lesions, as well as a decrease in Global Acne Evaluation severity scores (2.5 at D1, 2.2 at D29 and 2.1 at D57). The dermatologist also rated the product as effective or very effective in most subjects with PIE (82%; n = 33/40) and PIH (70%; n = 8/11) at D57.ConclusionThe actives demonstrated anti‐inflammatory effects in vitro, and the dermocosmetic product showed good clinical efficacy and tolerability in subjects with mild‐to‐moderate acne, supporting the use of this product in acne management.
The foundational effects of gender: Exploring Latin American Elites’ perceptions of corruption
Authors: Bohigues Asbel , Piscopo Jennifer M. , Alexander Amy 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDo women perceive corruption differently from men and why? Using elite survey data from over 3000 Latin American legislators nested in 49 country‐years, we explore who perceives corruption as an important national problem. We find that women legislators place more importance on corruption than men. We further examine three potential mechanisms to understand why: support for effective states, power marginalization, and corruption salience. We explore whether these mechanisms work through pathways of moderation or mediation. We find little support for hypotheses that gender interacts with these factors, but we do find that gender mediates who supports effective states and who is marginalized from power. In both the moderation and mediation analyses, we continue to find an underlying, robust effect of being a woman on rating corruption's importance. Thus, while debate over mechanisms remains, gender is foundational to explaining elites' corruption perceptions. Women consistently perceive corruption as more important than men.
Enhancing the efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy through curcumin modifications
Authors: Joshi Priyanka , Soares Jennifer M. , Martins Guilherme M. , Zucolotto Cocca Leandro H. , De Boni Leonardo , de Oliveira Kleber T. , Bagnato Vanderlei S. , Blanco Kate C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCurcumin serves as a photosensitizer (PS) in the context of microbial inactivation when subjected to light exposure, to produce reactive oxygen species, which exhibit efficacy in eradicating microorganisms. This remarkable property underscores the growing potential of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in the ongoing fight against bacterial infections. Considering this, we investigate the efficacy of various in vitro curcumin formulations within a PDT protocol designed to target Staphylococcus aureus. Specifically, we conduct a comparative analysis involving synthetic curcumin (Cur‐Syn) and curcumin derivatives modified with chlorine (Cl), selenium (Se), and iodine (I) (Cur‐Cl, Cur‐Se, Cur‐I). To assess the impact of aPDT, we subject S. aureus to incubation with curcumin, followed by irradiation at 450 nm with energy doses of 3.75, 7.5, and 15 J/cm2. Our investigation encompasses an evaluation of PS uptake and photobleaching across the various curcumin variants. Notably, all three modifications (Cur‐Cl, Cur‐Se, Cur‐I) induce a significant reduction in bacterial viability, approximately achieving a 3‐log reduction. Interestingly, the uptake kinetics of Cur‐Syn and Cur‐Se exhibit similarities, reaching saturation after 20 min. Our findings suggest that modifications to curcumin have a discernible impact on the photodynamic properties of the PS molecule.
Optimal malarial screening strategy in Australian blood donors: A cost‐effectiveness analysis
Authors: Cheng Qinglu , Hoad Veronica C. , Bentley Peter , Harley Robert , Schenberg Katia , Wiseman Virginia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe risk of transfusion‐transmitted malaria (TTM) infections is extremely low in Australia, and the cost‐effectiveness of the current screening strategy has not been assessed. This study aims to conduct a cost‐effectiveness analysis of different malaria screening strategies in blood donors as part of the risk‐based decision‐making framework.Materials and MethodsA decision tree model was developed to assess the cost‐effectiveness of five alternative malaria screening strategies from a healthcare sector perspective. Screening strategies combining total or partial removal of malaria testing with different deferral periods were considered. The probabilities of developing severe and uncomplicated TTM were based on a literature review of cases in non‐endemic areas since 2000. The health outcomes were quantified using disability‐adjusted life years. The costs of non‐returning donors due to deferral were also included. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted to account for data uncertainty.ResultsThe residual risks for all strategies were so low that the costs, mortality and morbidity associated with TTM are almost negligible. The overall costs were predominantly influenced by the costs of non‐returning blood donors. As a result, removal of malaria testing and applying a 28‐day deferral for at‐risk donors were the least costly and most cost‐effective of all the options considered.ConclusionThe current screening strategy for malaria in blood donors in Australia is not an efficient use of healthcare resources. Partial or total removal of malaria testing would bring significant cost savings without significantly compromising blood safety.
Graded control of Purkinje cell outputs by cAMP through opposing actions on axonal action potential and transmitter release
Authors: Furukawa Kei , Inoshita Takuma , Kawaguchi Shin‐ya 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAll‐or‐none signalling by action potentials (APs) in neuronal axons is pivotal for the precisely timed and identical size of outputs to multiple distant targets. However, technical limitations with respect to measuring the signalling in small intact axons have hindered the evaluation of high‐fidelity signal propagation. Here, using direct recordings from axonal trunks and/or terminals of cerebellar Purkinje cells in slice and culture, we demonstrate that the timing and amplitude of axonal outputs are gradually modulated by cAMP depending on the length of axon. During the propagation in long axon, APs were attenuated and slowed in conduction by cAMP via specifically decreasing axonal Na+ currents. Consequently, the Ca2+ influx and transmitter release at distal boutons are reduced by cAMP, counteracting its direct facilitating effect on release machinery as observed at various CNS synapses. Together, our tour de force functional dissection has unveiled the axonal distance‐dependent graded control of output timing and strength by intracellular signalling.
imageKey points
The information processing in the nervous system has been classically thought to rely on the axonal faithful and high‐speed conduction of action potentials (APs).
We demonstrate that the strength and timing of axonal outputs are weakened and delayed, respectively, by cytoplasmic cAMP depending on the axonal length in cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs).
Direct axonal patch clamp recordings uncovered axon‐specific attenuation of APs by cAMP through reduction of axonal Na+ currents.
cAMP directly augments transmitter release at PC terminals without changing presynaptic Ca2+ influx or readily releasable pool of vesicles, although the extent is weaker compared to other CNS synapses.
Two opposite actions of cAMP on PC axons, AP attenuation and release augmentation, together give rise to graded control of synaptic outputs in a manner dependent on the axonal length.
Solid-State LiDAR With Optimized Dynamic Beam Power Intensity for Reduced Thermal Load
Authors: Lohan Danny J. , Dede Ercan M. , Schmalenberg Paul 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Next generation sensor systems for automated vehicle navigation are likely to include light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors. Solid-state LiDAR technology that eliminates all mechanically moving parts is expected to enable compact and highly reliable operation. A challenge for such solid-state sensors is the thermal load generated by the on-chip light source, or laser, which includes power dissipated in the form of heat from additional integrated circuit components that are part of the full optoelectronics package. Here, we review possible thermal management strategies for a representative solid-state LiDAR package and focus on a programable scanning and beam intensity control technique for the sensor to enhance the thermal performance of the integrated light source. We demonstrate the impact of the proposed optimized beam scanning method in realizing a ~20% reduction in the device maximum temperature rise for the representative LiDAR sensor optoelectronics package when using a simplified forced air cooling solution. The method may be utilized for practical thermal management of sensors in a range of land-based navigational applications for automated vehicles or robotics.
Timely cholecystectomy: important factors to improve guideline adherence and patient treatment
Authors: Fehring Leonard , Brinkmann Hendrik , Hohenstein Sven , Bollmann Andreas , Dirks Patrick , Pölitz Jörg , Prinz Christian 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveCholecystectomy is one of the most frequently performed surgeries in Germany and is performed as a treatment of acute cholecystitis (guideline S3 IIIB.8) and after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for choledocholithiasis with simultaneous cholecystolithiasis (guideline S3 IIIC.6). This article examines the effects of a guideline update from 2017, which recommends prompt cholecystectomy within 24 hours of admission due to cholecystitis or within 72 hours after bile duct repair. In addition, it aims to identify reasons (eg, financial disincentives) and potential for improvement for non-adherence to the guidelines.DesignMethodologically, a retrospective analysis based on routine billing data from 84 Helios Group hospitals from 2016 and 2022, with a total of 45 393 included cases, was applied. The guideline adherence rate is used as the main outcome measure.ResultsResults show the guideline updates led to a statistically significant increase in the proportion of cholecystectomy performed in a timely manner (guideline S3 IIIB.8: increase from 43% to 49%, p<0.001; guideline S3 IIIC.6: increase from 7% to 20%, p<0.001). Medical, structural and financial reasons for non-adherence could be identified.ConclusionAs possible reasons for non-adherence, medical factors such as advanced age, multimorbidity and frailty could be identified. Analyses of structural factors revealed that hospitals in very rural regions are less likely to perform timely cholecystectomies, presumably due to infrastructural and personnel-capacity bottlenecks. A similar picture emerges for maximum-care hospitals, which might be explained by more severe and complex cases on average. Further evaluation indicates that an increase in and better hospital-internal participation of gastroenterologists in remuneration could lead to even greater adherence to the S3 IIIC.6 guideline.
Improving triage in upper gastrointestinal bleeding: insights from the UK National Endoscopy Database (NED)
Authors: Beaton David , Sharp Linda , Trudgill Nigel John , Rutter Matt 
Published: July 2024

Background and aimsWe aimed to analyse data from the UK National Endoscopy Database (NED) to investigate factors associated with endotherapy in patients with suspected upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) .MethodsAnalysis of oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD) uploads to the NED from 1 March 2019 to 29 February 2020 was performed. UGIB was defined as procedures with indications of melaena and/or haematemesis. The proportion where endotherapy was performed was calculated. Mixed-effects logistic regression was performed with patient sex, patient age, type of admission (inpatient, outpatient, unclassified) and symptoms as fixed effects on the dependent variable (receipt of endotherapy). Results were presented as adjusted ORs (aORs) with 95% CIs.Results47 481 OGDs were performed for UGIB; endotherapy was performed in 14.8%, increasing to 20.0% when only inpatient OGDs were analysed. Patients aged 18–39 years were half as likely to undergo endotherapy than those aged 50–59 years (aOR 0.5, 95% CI 0.5 to 0.6), with male patients at higher risk than females (aOR 1.3, 95% CI 1.2 to 1.4).Patients with both melaena and haematemesis were nearly three times more likely to receive endotherapy (aOR 2.8, 95% CI 2.6 to 3.0) compared with those with melaena alone. Conversely, patients with only haematemesis had a lower risk than those with melaena alone (aOR 0.9, 95% CI 0.8 to 0.9).ConclusionsYounger and female patients were at lower risk of undergoing endotherapy, while patients with both melaena and haematemesis were at three times the risk as those with each symptom alone. Incorporating these findings into UGIB risk scores could improve patient triage.