bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Additional benefit of combined therapy with melatonin and apoptotic adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cell against sepsis‐induced kidney injury
Authors: Chen Hong‐Hwa , Lin Kun‐Chen , Wallace Christopher G. , Chen Yen‐Ta , Yang Chih‐Chao , Leu Steve , Chen Yi‐Ching , Sun Cheuk‐Kwan , Tsai Tzu‐Hsien , Chen Yung‐Lung , Chung Sheng‐Ying , Chang Chia‐Lo , Yip Hon‐Kan 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis study tested whether combined therapy with melatonin and apoptotic adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (A‐ADMSCs) offered additional benefit in ameliorating sepsis‐induced acute kidney injury. Adult male Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 65) were randomized equally into five groups: Sham controls (SC), sepsis induced by cecal‐ligation and puncture (CLP), CLP‐melatonin, CLP‐A‐ADMSC, and CLP‐melatonin‐A‐ADMSC. Circulating TNF‐α level at post‐CLP 6 hr was highest in CLP and lowest in SC groups, higher in CLP‐melatonin than in CLP‐A‐ADMSC and CLP‐melatonin‐A‐ADMSC groups (all P < 0.001). Immune reactivity as reflected in the number of splenic helper‐, cytoxic‐, and regulatory‐T cells at post‐CLP 72 hr exhibited the same pattern as that of circulating TNF‐α among all groups (P < 0.001). The histological scoring of kidney injury and the number of F4/80+ and CD14+ cells in kidney were highest in CLP and lowest in SC groups, higher in CLP‐melatonin than in CLP‐A‐ADMSC and CLP‐melatonin‐A‐ADMSC groups, and higher in CLP‐A‐ADMSC than in CLP‐melatonin‐A‐ADMSC groups (all P < 0.001). Changes in protein expressions of inflammatory (RANTES, TNF‐1α, NF‐κB, MMP‐9, MIP‐1, IL‐1β), apoptotic (cleaved caspase 3 and PARP, mitochondrial Bax), fibrotic (Smad3, TGF‐β) markers, reactive‐oxygen‐species (NOX‐1, NOX‐2), and oxidative stress displayed a pattern identical to that of kidney injury score among the five groups (all P < 0.001). Expressions of antioxidants (GR+, GPx+, HO‐1, NQO‐1+) were lowest in SC group and highest in CLP‐melatonin‐A‐ADMSC group, lower in CLP than in CLP‐melatonin and CLP‐A‐ADMSC groups, and lower in CLP‐melatonin‐ than in CLP‐A‐ADMSC‐tretaed animals (all P < 0.001). In conclusion, combined treatment with melatonin and A‐ADMSC was superior to A‐ADMSC alone in protecting the kidneys from sepsis‐induced injury.
Distinct male reproductive strategies in two closely related oak species
Authors: Lagache Lélia , Klein Etienne K. , Ducousso Alexis , Petit Rémy J. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractReproductive strategies of closely related species distributed along successional gradients should differ as a consequence of the trade‐off between competition and colonization abilities. We compared male reproductive strategies of Quercus robur and Q. petraea, two partly interfertile European oak species with different successional status. In the studied even‐aged stand, trees of the late‐successional species (Q. petraea) grew faster and suffered less from intertree competition than trees of the early‐successional species (Q. robur). A large‐scale paternity study and a spatially explicit individual‐based mating model were used to estimate parameters of pollen production and dispersal as well as sexual barriers between species. Male fecundity was found to be dependent both on a tree's circumference and on its environment, particularly so for Q. petraea. Pollen dispersal was greater and more isotropic in Q. robur than in Q. petraea. Premating barriers to hybridization were strong in both species, but more so in Q. petraea than in Q. robur. Hence, predictions based on the competition–colonization trade‐off are well supported, whereas the sexual barriers themselves seem to be shaped by colonization dynamics.
Molecular footprints of the Holocene retreat of dwarf birch in Britain
Authors: Wang Nian , Borrell James S. , Bodles William J. A. , Kuttapitiya Anasuya , Nichols Richard A. , Buggs Richard J. A. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPast reproductive interactions among incompletely isolated species may leave behind a trail of introgressed alleles, shedding light on historical range movements. Betula pubescens is a widespread native tetraploid tree species in Britain, occupying habitats intermediate to those of its native diploid relatives, B. pendula and B. nana. Genotyping 1134 trees from the three species at 12 microsatellite loci, we found evidence of introgression from both diploid species into B. pubescens, despite the ploidy difference. Surprisingly, introgression from B. nana, a dwarf species whose present range is highly restricted in northern, high‐altitude peat bogs, was greater than introgression from B. pendula, which is morphologically similar to B. pubescens and has a substantially overlapping range. A cline of introgression from B. nana was found extending into B. pubescens populations far to the south of the current B. nana range. We suggest that this genetic pattern is a footprint of a historical decline and/or northwards shift in the range of B. nana populations due to climate warming in the Holocene. This is consistent with pollen records that show a broader, more southerly distribution of B. nana in the past. Ecological niche modelling predicts that B. nana is adapted to a larger range than it currently occupies, suggesting additional factors such as grazing and hybridization may have exacerbated its decline. We found very little introgression between B. nana and B. pendula, despite both being diploid, perhaps because their distributions in the past have rarely overlapped. Future conservation of B. nana may partly depend on minimization of hybridization with B. pubescens, and avoidance of planting B. pendula near B. nana populations.
Individual Perceptions of Task Conflict and Relationship Conflict
Authors: Solansky Stephanie T. , Singh Barjinder , Huang Shengsheng 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe rely on the existing conflict literature and self‐verification theory to examine perceived task and relationship conflict. We set out to contribute to the discussion of whether relationship conflict is dysfunctional and task conflict is functional in terms of the individual evaluations of group efficacy and group mind. Our sample is a field setting of 127 individuals within a Fortune 500 company. Individual perceptions of group efficacy and group mind scores were significantly higher when neither type of conflict was perceived to occur often as compared with when both types of conflict were perceived to occur often. After decoupling types of conflict, we found when only task conflict occurred often, the perceived efficacy and mind scores were significantly higher than when both types of conflict occurred often. This is a contradictory finding based on the existing literature that suggests task conflict negatively impacts emergent states.
Vitamin D effects on B cell function in autoimmunity
Authors: Rolf Linda , Muris Anne‐Hilde , Hupperts Raymond , Damoiseaux Jan 
Published: April 2014

Vitamin D seems to be implicated in the pathophysiology of autoimmune disorders as a natural immune modulator. Beneficial effects of vitamin D have been associated with different cells of the immune system; however, thus far, B cells seem to be somewhat neglected. In this paper, we describe the possible direct effects of vitamin D on B cells, with a focus on antibody production and the more recently identified regulatory B (Breg) cells. B cells upregulate the vitamin D receptor (VDR) upon activation. Furthermore, due to regulated expression of the metabolizing enzymes CYP27B1 and CYP24A1, B cells have the potential to control the local availability of active vitamin D. B cells, therefore, may participate in vitamin D–mediated immune homeostasis, including plasma cell generation. Whether or not other B cell subsets, such as Breg cells, are equally responsive to vitamin D remains to be established.
Reversible Effects of Photodamage Directed Toward Mitochondria
Authors: Kessel David 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWhen the initial effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves mitochondrial photodamage, an early effect is loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). Using murine hepatoma 1c1c7 cells and a photosensitizing agent known to target mitochondria, we examined loss of ΔΨm, initiation of apoptosis and loss of viability as a function of time and light dose. There was a correlation between loss of viability and the rapid disappearance of ΔΨm, as detected by the potential‐sensitive probe Mitotracker Orange (MTO). Loss of ΔΨm was, however, reversible even with a substantial loss of viability. Unless there was a supralethal level of photodamage, 1c1c7 cells recovered their mitochondrial membrane potential, even if the cell population was on the pathway to apoptosis and cell death. These results indicate that when mitochondria are the initial PDT target, a qualitative estimate of photokilling can be provided by assessing the initial loss of ΔΨm.
Waterproofing Topsoil Stockpiles Minimizes Viability Decline in the Soil Seed Bank in an Arid Environment
Authors: Golos Peter J. , Dixon Kingsley W. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractTopsoil is a valuable resource for revegetation of mine sites as it contains seeds of plant species indigenous to the local environment. As mine site restoration is undertaken after the completion of mining, it is a common practice to stockpile topsoil in preparation for restoration activities. While many studies have found a decrease in seedling emergence with increasing stockpile age in temperate regions around the world, a few examine the effect of stockpile age on topsoil seed bank and seedling recruitment in arid environments. Seed longevity is promoted under dry conditions whereas viability loss is increased under warm and moist conditions. Here in a study in Australia's Great Sandy Desert, the effect of topsoil storage age and method of storing topsoil (under‐cover and exposed) on seedling recruitment was examined for a major gold mining site. There was a trend for lower seedling emergence (68% lower) and species richness (30% lower) from topsoil stored for 2 years than from topsoil direct returned and topsoil stored for 1 year. Seedling emergence from topsoil stockpiled for 2 years was more than 3.5‐fold higher from covered topsoil stockpiles than uncovered topsoil stockpiles. For two ecologically dominant species, after 2 years of storage, seedling emergence of the grass Triodia basedowii was 13% of direct returned topsoil and seedling emergence of the shrub Acacia stellaticeps was 68% of direct returned topsoil. The implication of the decline in seedling emergence from topsoil stockpiling on mine site revegetation in a biodiverse arid region is discussed.
Canopy Size Dependent Facilitations from the Native Shrub Rhodomyrtus tomentosa to the Early Establishment of Native Trees Castanopsis fissa and Syzygium hancei in Tropical China
Authors: Liu Nan , Zhu Weixing , Sun Zhongyu , Yang Long , Yuan Sufen , Ren Hai 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe quantitative role of the canopy size of nurse shrubs on microenvironment and native tree establishment in degraded tropical lands has been seldom studied. In a 21‐month field experiment, we aimed to test the effect of a native shrub with different canopy sizes on the early establishment of native trees as part of the effort of forest restoration in tropical China. We examined the microenvironment, and the seedling establishment and growth of two native trees: Castanopsis fissa and Syzygium hancei in both open space (OS) microsite and microsite under the canopy of the native pioneer shrub Rhodomyrtus tomentosa. Shrub microsite was further divided into large canopy (LC), and medium canopy (MC) microsite, based on the shrub leaf area indices. Results showed that relative to OS, LC had higher soil nutrient concentration and water content, and lower photosynthetic active radiation (PAR), while MC had lower PAR and higher soil exchangeable Mg, K, and Ca. Survival and growth were mostly enhanced, while water stress and photoinhibition reduced for C. fissa seedlings in MC and S. hancei seedlings in LC. It is found that the beneficial effects of the native shrub on seedling establishment and growth result mostly from the improvement in nutrient and water availabilities, the reduction in plant stress caused by harsh summer light, and the specific ecological requirements of different tree species. We suggest that different canopy sizes of native shrub R. tomentosa may be explored to target different native trees and hence promote forest restoration in degraded tropical ecosystems.
Variation in allelic expression associated with a recombination hotspot in Zea mays
Authors: Hawkins Jennifer S. , Delgado Vivian , Feng Liang , Carlise Michael , Dooner Hugo K. , Bennetzen Jeffrey L. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryGene expression is a complex process, requiring precise spatial and temporal regulation of transcription factor activity; however, modifications of individual cis‐ and trans‐acting modules can be molded by natural selection to create a sizeable number of novel phenotypes. Results from decades of research indicate that developmental and phenotypic divergence among eukaryotic organisms is driven primarily by variation in levels of gene expression that are dictated by mutations, either in structural or regulatory regions, of genes. The relative contributions and interplay of cis‐ and trans‐acting regulatory factors to this evolutionary process, however, remain poorly understood. Analysis of eight genes in the Bz1–Sh1 interval of Zea mays (maize) indicates significant allele‐specific expression biases in at least one tissue for all genes, ranging from 1.3‐fold to 36‐fold. All detected effects were cis‐regulatory in nature, although genetic background may also influence the level of expression bias and tissue specificity for some allelic combinations. Most allelic pairs exhibited the same direction and approximate intensity of bias across all four tissues; however, a subset of allelic pairs show alternating dominance across different tissue types or variation in the degree of bias in different tissues. In addition, the genes showing the most striking levels of allelic bias co‐localize with a previously described recombination hotspot in this region, suggesting a naturally occurring genetic mechanism for creating regulatory variability for a subset of plant genes that may ultimately lead to evolutionary diversification.
Site‐related set‐back by weeds on the establishment of 12 biomass willow clones
Authors: Albertsson J , Hansson D , Bertholdsson N‐O , Åhman I 
Published: April 2014

SummaryTen commercial clones of willow and two breeding clones were studied for their ability to compete with weeds during the establishment year at three different sites in southern Sweden. Cuttings were planted according to commercial practice in April, and the two treatments, ‘Weeded’ and ‘Unweeded’, were laid out in a strip‐plot design. Weeds in the ‘Weeded’ treatment were removed mechanically and by hand hoeing. Willow plant shoot weight and plant mortality were measured after the first growing season to evaluate the initial effect of weeds. In addition, weed flora, weed aboveground biomass, soil properties, shoot damage and soil moisture were assessed during the growing season. Plant mortality was <1% in the ‘Weeded’ treatment at the three study sites, while in ‘Unweeded’ it was significantly higher, 2.7%, 24.6% and 37.4%. Weeds reduced willow plant shoot weight by 93.4%, 94.0% and 96.1% at the three sites. Only one site showed clonal differences in shoot growth reduction, as well as in plant mortality. These results show the importance of weed control in willow plantations, as growth of all clones tested were dramatically hampered by weeds during the first growing season, regardless of trial site conditions. Moreover, conditions at certain sites, such as soil properties in combination with weed cover, may cause high plant mortality during the establishment year in this perennial biomass crop.
Strong orthogonality between the Möbius function, additive characters and Fourier coefficients of cusp forms
Authors: Fouvry Étienne , Ganguly Satadal 
Published: April 2014

AbstractLet$\nu _{f}(n)$be the$n\mathrm{th}$normalized Fourier coefficient of a Hecke–Maass cusp form$f$for${\rm SL }(2,\mathbb{Z})$and let$\alpha $be a real number. We prove strong oscillations of the argument of$\nu _{f}(n)\mu (n) \exp (2\pi i n \alpha )$as$n$takes consecutive integral values.
Calculating conjugacy classes in Sylow -subgroups of finite Chevalley groups of rank six and seven
Authors: Goodwin Simon M. , Mosch Peter , Röhrle Gerhard 
Published: April 2014

AbstractLet$G(q)$be a finite Chevalley group, where$q$is a power of a good prime$p$, and let$U(q)$be a Sylow$p$-subgroup of$G(q)$. Then a generalized version of a conjecture of Higman asserts that the number$k(U(q))$of conjugacy classes in$U(q)$is given by a polynomial in$q$with integer coefficients. In [S. M. Goodwin and G. Röhrle,J. Algebra321 (2009) 3321–3334], the first and the third authors of the present paper developed an algorithm to calculate the values of$k(U(q))$. By implementing it into a computer program using$\mathsf{GAP}$, they were able to calculate$k(U(q))$for$G$of rank at most five, thereby proving that for these cases$k(U(q))$is given by a polynomial in$q$. In this paper we present some refinements and improvements of the algorithm that allow us to calculate the values of$k(U(q))$for finite Chevalley groups of rank six and seven, except$E_7$. We observe that$k(U(q))$is a polynomial, so that the generalized Higman conjecture holds for these groups. Moreover, if we write$k(U(q))$as a polynomial in$q-1$, then the coefficients are non-negative.Under the assumption that$k(U(q))$is a polynomial in$q-1$, we also give an explicit formula for the coefficients of$k(U(q))$of degrees zero, one and two.
The Fun Integration Theory: Toward Sustaining Children and Adolescents Sport Participation
Authors: Visek Amanda J. , Achrati Sara M. , Mannix Heather M. , McDonnell Karen , Harris Brandonn S. , DiPietro Loretta 
Published: April 2014

Background:Children cite “fun” as the primary reason for participation in organized sport and its absence as the number-one reason for youth sport attrition. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop a theoretical framework of fun using a novel mixed-method assessment of participants in sport (FUN MAPS) via concept mapping.Methods:Youth soccer players (n = 142), coaches (n = 37), and parents (n = 57) were stratified by age, sex, and competition level and contributed their ideas through (a) qualitative brainstorming, identifying all of the things that make playing sports fun for players; (b) sorting of ideas; and (c) rating each idea on its importance, frequency, and feasibility.Results:The FUN MAPS identify the 4 fundamental tenets of fun in youth sport within 11 fun-dimensions composed of 81 specific fun-determinants, while also establishing the youth sport ethos.Conclusion:The FUN MAPS provide pictorial evidence-based blueprints for the fun integration theory (FIT), which is a multitheoretical, multidimensional, and stakeholder derived framework that can be used to maximize fun for children and adolescents to promote and sustain an active and healthy lifestyle through sport.
Do Students Know the Physical Activity Recommendations for Health Promotion?
Authors: Marques Adilson , Martins João , Sarmento Hugo , Rocha Leonardo , Costa Francisco Carreiro da 
Published: April 2014

Background:Knowledge is required for people to make health decisions. It can be conjectured that knowledge of physical activity recommended levels can be a step to behavior change. This study examined the knowledge of physical activity guidelines of adolescents who were completing the secondary school.Methods:A survey was conducted with 2718 students (1613 girls), aged 16 to 18 years (Mean = 17.2 ± 0.2 years). Gender and age were self-reported and socioeconomic status was calculated based on parental occupation. Students were asked about frequency, duration, and intensity of physical activity to achieve the recommended level. Chi-square was applied to the results.Results:16.2% reported that physical activity should be practiced daily. For the duration component of the recommendation, 43.5% identified correctly that the minimum recommended is 60 min/day. The intensity component was correctly answered by 62.7%. Considering all the components of the recommendation, only 3.6% of the students were able to identify correctly the physical activity recommendation, with no differences between genders or among socioeconomic status.Conclusions:These results highlight the need for an effective communication strategy for disseminating the message to ensure that young people are aware of, and understand the physical activity guidelines.
Effect of Physical Inactivity on Major Noncommunicable Diseases and Life Expectancy in Brazil
Authors: de Rezende Leandro Fornias Machado , Rabacow Fabiana Maluf , Viscondi Juliana Yukari Kodaira , Luiz Olinda do Carmo , Matsudo Victor Keihan Rodrigues , Lee I-Min 
Published: April 2014

Background:In Brazil, one-fifth of the population reports not doing any physical activity. This study aimed to assess the impact of physical inactivity on major noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), all-cause mortality and life expectancy in Brazil, by region and sociodemographic profile.Methods:We estimated the population attributable fraction (PAF) for physical inactivity associated with coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes, breast cancer, colon cancer, and all-cause mortality. To calculate the PAF, we used the physical inactivity prevalence from the 2008 Brazilian Household Survey and relative risk data in the literature.Results:In Brazil, physical inactivity is attributable to 3% to 5% of all major NCDs and 5.31% of all-cause mortality, ranging from 5.82% in the southeastern region to 2.83% in the southern region. Eliminating physical inactivity would increase the life expectancy by an average of 0.31 years. This reduction would affect mainly individuals with ≥ 15 years of schooling, male, Asian, elderly, residing in an urban area and earning ≥ 2 times the national minimum wage.Conclusions:In Brazil, physical inactivity has a major impact on NCDs and mortality, principally in the southeastern and central-west regions. Public policies and interventions promoting physical activity will significantly improve the health of the population.
Single-Cell Genomics Reveals Hundreds of Coexisting Subpopulations in WildProchlorococcus
Authors: Kashtan Nadav , Roggensack Sara E. , Rodrigue Sébastien , Thompson Jessie W. , Biller Steven J. , Coe Allison , Ding Huiming , Marttinen Pekka , Malmstrom Rex R. , Stocker Roman , Follows Michael J. , Stepanauskas Ramunas , Chisholm Sallie W. 
Published: April 2014

Cyanobacterial DiversityWhat does it mean to be a global species? The marine cyanobacteriumProchlorococcusis ubiquitous and, arguably, the most abundant and productive of all living organisms. Although to our eyes the seas look uniform, to a bacterium the ocean's bulk is a plethora of microhabitats, and by large-scale single-cell genomic analysis of uncultured cells,Kashtanet al.(p.416; see the Perspective byBowler and Scanlan) reveal thatProchlorococcushas diversified to match. This “species” constitutes a mass of subpopulations—each with million-year ancestry—that vary seasonally in abundance. The subpopulations in turn have clades nested within that show covariation between sets of core alleles and variable gene content, indicating flexibility of responses to rapid environmental changes. Large sets of coexisting populations could be a general feature of other free-living bacterial species living in highly mixed habitats.
Genome Sequences of Eight Salmonella enterica subsp.
enterica
Serovars Isolated from a Single Dairy Farm
Authors: Haley Bradd J. , Luo Yan , Wang Charles , Pettengill James , Allard Marc , Brown Eric , Karns Jeffrey S. , Van Kessel Jo Ann 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT

Here, we report draft genome sequences of 26 isolates of
Salmonella enterica
subsp.
enterica
, representing eight serotypes, which were isolated from cows in a Pennsylvania dairy herd, the farm on which they were reared, and the associated off-site heifer-raising facility over an 8-year sampling period.