bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fasting Serum Cholesterol and Triglyceride Levels in the Elderly: Relation to Glucose Homeostasis*
Authors: WILMSHURST ERROL G. , ZEYTINOGLU IBRAHIM Y. , KAUFMANN ROBERT L. , GHERONDACHE CONSTANTIN N. , SOELDNER J. STUART 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTIn 62 elderly subjects (age range, 66 to 100 years), fasting serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were determined after three days of a high carbohydrate diet. Mean cholesterol levels were within accepted normal limits for the lower age groups and did not differ significantly between the age groups studied. Mean triglyceride levels were highest in the 70–79 age group and significantly lower in older subjects. Serum triglyceride values greater than 200 mg/100 ml were always associated with carbohydrate intolerance, and there was a highly significant correlation between fasting triglyceride concentration and fasting glucose concentration in the subjects with the more severe degrees of carbohydrate intolerance. There was no evidence of induction of hypertriglyceridemia by the high carbohydrate diet in these subjects.
Introductory Remarks at the Inaugural Meeting of the Western Division of the American Geriatrics Society, Los Angeles, California
Authors: GRIFFITH GEORGE C. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe inaugural meeting of the Western Division of the American Geriatrics Society was held on October 10, 1972 in the Los Angeles Hilton Hotel, Los Angeles, California. These introductory remarks outline the purposes of the American Geriatrics Society, as part of the plan for better health care that should not wait for government implementation. These efforts are particularly pertinent for the southwestern United States where so many elderly people have moved. Mental and physical health and continued productivity are the goals.
An Ergot Alkaloid Preparation (Hydergine) versus Papaverine in Treating Common Complaints of the Aged: Double‐Blind Study
Authors: BAZO ALBERT J. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTSixty‐six geriatric patients with various “complaints of the aged” attributable to cerebral arteriosclerosis with cerebrovascular insufficiency received standard dosages of Hydergine (an ergot alkaloid preparation) or papaverine for twelve weeks in a double‐blind study. No adverse reactions occurred in patients taking either drug. Ratings of symptom severity, overall clinical condition, global therapeutic change, and mental status evaluations showed that the Hydergine group consistently improved more than the papaverine group. Hydergine was significantly superior to papaverine in relieving impaired mental alertness, confusion, irritability, hostility, emotional lability, depressive mood, and lack of motivation. Time‐response analyses indicated that the therapeutic effects of Hydergine were steadily progressive during the trial, whereas the effects of papaverine tended to become manifest only late in the 12‐week trial, if at all. The greatest benefits of Hydergine therapy seemed to be in the areas of intellectual function or cognition.
Lingual‐Facial‐Buccal Movements in the Elderly. I. Pathophysiology and Treatment
Authors: WEINER WILLIAM J. , KLAWANS HAROLD L. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe syndrome of lingual‐facial‐buccal movements (dyskinesia) in the elderly involves the dopaminergic neuronal system and particularly the dopamine receptor sites of the corpus striatum. On the basis of experience with similar movements observed in other diseases and of the interpretation of animal studies on amphetamine‐induced stereotyped behavior, agents that block dopamine receptor sites, e.g., chlorpromazine or haloperidol, are the treatment of choice for this syndrome. Anticholinergic drugs should not be used.
Etiology of Obesity — The QQF Theory*
Authors: SCHAUF GEORGE EDWARD 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe QQF theory for the etiology of obesity is contrasted with the traditional caloric theory. QQF represents (Q) the quality of food as well as (Q) the quantity of food, and (F) the frequency of ingestion. The QQF approach to the treatment of obesity (over 900 cases) is based on the differential between lipogenesis and triglyceride storage on the one hand, and lipolysis and fatty‐acid oxidation on the other.
Remotivation Therapy
Authors: BIRKETT DAVID PETER , BOLTUCH BRUCE 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTRemotivation therapy is widely used in U. S. mental hospitals and is supposed to be particularly useful in the treatment of the chronically ill. Ward aides are used as therapists. A controlled trial of remotivation therapy versus conventional group therapy in thirty‐nine ambulant geriatric in‐patients is described. The outcome, as measured by the Palo Alto Scale and the Remotivation Technique, showed some advantage for remotivation therapy, but the difference was not statistically significant.
Fluorescein Circulation Time and the Treatment of Hypertension in the Aged*
Authors: FISHBACK DAVID B. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT: An objective test for circulation time was performed in rabbits with the use of various dyes, of which the best was 10% fluorescein. The average circulation time in rabbits was 5–6 seconds. Serum from hypertensive patients injected intravenously into rabbits usually prolonged the circulation time. Differences in the results based on the age of the patients indicated a more benign type of hypertension in the elderly.An outline is given of the treatment of hypertension in the aged. Many cases respond fairly well to reassurance, a low‐salt diet, and weight reduction when the patient is obese. If additional measures are needed, diuretics are effective, especially furosemide (40 mg once or twice daily). In moderate or severe hypertension with renal parenchymal disease and a high level of blood urea nitrogen, methyldopa (250 mg two to four times daily) is of value. Potassium supplements should be given along with diuretics. In the Philadelphia Geriatric Center there are 325 residents, nearly all between the ages of 70 and 100; and more than 140 of them have hypertension. There are about 100 cases of depression (present or past), 75 cases of hiatal hernia (some with ulcer), and 53 cases of peptic ulcer. Since reserpine can aggravate peptic ulcer and can precipitate or aggravate depression, it should not be used to treat hypertension in the aged; nor should guanethidine be used for this purpose, since it can cause weakness and cerebrovascular insufficiency. High blood pressure should be reduced slowly in the aged, to avoid untoward effects.
A New Scale for Clinical Assessment in Geriatric Populations: Sandoz Clinical Assessment – Geriatric (SCAG)*
Authors: Shader Richard I. , Harmatz Jerold S. , Salzman Carl 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe importance of diagnostic differentiation between early senile deterioration and depressive disorders in the aged led to the development of Sandoz Clinical Assessment—Geriatric (SCAG) as a new rating instrument especially applicable to the elderly. It is composed of 18 symptom areas rated on a 7‐point format. Study 1 was carried out on 51 geriatric subjects (25 volunteers and 26 hospital inpatients at a health center), tested by SCAG and also by the widely used MSER (Mental Status Examination Record). In Study 2, data were obtained on 8 subjects tested by 4 psychiatrists, to determine interrater reliability. The statistical findings indicated that SCAG is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing psychopathology in the elderly.
Cardiorespiratory Failure in the Elderly Patient
Authors: Sternlieb Cheryl M. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTCardiorespiratory failure is relatively common in the geriatric population. Although heart disease is the most frequent cause, the specific etiology should be established for each patient. An unusual cause of cardiorespiratory failure is illustrated in a case report on a 71‐year‐old woman with progressive exertional dyspnea whose symptoms were erroneously assumed to be solely on the basis of hypertensive cardiovascular disease and heart failure whereas actually they were on the basis of tracheal compression due to a large thyroid mass in the superior mediastinum. The more common causes of cardiorespiratory failure in the elderly are discussed.
The Efficacy of Digitalis Withdrawal in an Institutional Aged Population
Authors: FONROSE HAROLD A. , AHLBAUM NEAL , BUGATCH EPHRAIM , COHEN MURRAY , GENOVESE CARMEL , KELLY JOHN 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT:In a survey of an institutional geriatric population of 403 patients it was found that among 88 patients who were being maintained with digitalis, 31 had been receiving it for at least a year although currently there was no evidence of heart disease. A study was conducted to ascertain whether or not it was necessary to continue digitalis. Pertinent clinical and laboratory baseline data included serum digoxin levels and creatinine clearance; the remainder of the determinations were repeated three weeks and seven weeks after omission of digitalis. Baseline serum digoxin levels ranged from a trace to 2.7 ng/ml. Of the 31 patients, 15 (48 per cent) were successfully maintained without digitalis for four months. Because of slight signs of cardiac decompensation, digitalis was started again in the other 16 patients within three to twenty‐one days. However, the fact that 48 per cent of the series could be maintained without digitalis indicates the need for periodic re‐evaluation under such circumstances. Perhaps the drug was started originally because of transient cardiac stress induced by an acute illness, from which the patient recovered. In such cases, withdrawal of digitalis therapy may prove beneficial.
Geriatrics and the Elderly Woman*
Authors: ROSS C. HOWARD 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT:The official representative of the American Geriatrics Society reports on the 26th Annual Conference on Aging at Ann Arbor, Michigan, September 10–12, 1973. The subject was “Women: Life Span Challenges.” In the various addresses, workshops, seminars and discussions, national recognition was given to the needs and potentialities of the elderly woman.
Human Spermhormone
Authors: SENECA HARRY , HENDERSON EDWARD 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT:By a described process, spermhormone (an aqueous factor) was prepared from pooled human seminal fluid rich in spermatozoa. Tests were made in batches of white mice aged from 4 to 6 weeks. In each group tested there were 20 males, 20 females and 5 controls. The dose of spermhormone was 1 mg injected intraperitoneally twice a week for as long as twenty weeks. The females did not manifest any significant changes, but the males were hyperactive sexually and always fighting other males. At autopsy, the testes and seminal vesicles were found to be much larger than in the controls. The seminiferous tubules were packed with spermatozoa. Active spermatogenesis was evident. The Leydig cells were increased in number and size. Both female and male mice were fertile, but there was no evidence that spermhormone had estrogenic activity. Thus a lipopolysaccharide extracted from human spermatozoa stimulated spermatogenesis, the Leydig cells, the seminal vesicles, and the growth of male mice.
The Role of Natural Consequences in the Changing Death Patterns*
Authors: BARNES BRODA O. , RATZENHOFER MAX , GISI RICHARD 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT:A comparison of the causes of death listed in autopsy protocols at Graz, Austria, for 1930 and 1970 showed that the major change was a marked decrease in deaths from tuberculosis and a marked rise in deaths from myocardial infarction. In 1930, patients over 50 years of age dying with tuberculosis had advanced coronary atherosclerosis which soon would have caused death if tuberculosis had not won the race. Myocardial infarction did not start its explosive rise until the introduction of specific drugs against the tubercle bacillus. This began in 1946 at a time when the diet was low in cholesterol, smoking was at a low ebb, sedentary life was unknown, and stress was decreasing as the war ended. Moreover, during the early years of the rise in myocardial infarction there was evidence of active or healed tuberculosis in postmortem studies. It appears that a major factor in the rise of coronary disease was prolongation of the life of patients with tuberculosis or a susceptibility to it. Coronary disease and emphysema accounted for 90 per cent of the increase in degenerative diseases. Prostatic cancer, juvenile cancer and lung cancer together accounted for 86 per cent of the rise in malignant diseases. Thus the law of chance did not control the distribution of the causes of death among those escaping death from infections. In myocardial infarction, the preponderance of males is similar to that in tuberculosis, indicating that supply and demand may be to blame. Any theory about the changing death patterns should take into account the factor of natural consequences, as may be revealed in autopsy studies.
Mental Decline in the Elderly: Pharmacotherapy (Ergot Alkaloids versus Papaverine)
Authors: Rosen Herbert J. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThis is the first double‐blind study in outpatients to evaluate the effectiveness of dihydrogenated ergot alkaloids (DEA) (Hydergine) versus papaverine in the treatment of selected symptoms associated with mental aging. In addition, this is the first study comparing these two pharmacologic agents in relatively young geriatric patients, with a mean age in the mid‐sixties. After twelve weeks of treatment, ratings of overall clinical condition and global change showed that the 26 patients given DEA improved more than twice as much as the 27 patients given papaverine. Of the 14 individual symptoms rated, 13 improved significantly more in the DEA group than in the papaverine group. These symptoms included confusion, dizziness, unsociability, depressive mood, and mental alertness. Other data confirmed the generally superior results with DEA.In view of its demonstrated beneficial clinical actions and of its notable scarcity of contraindications or side effects, DEA appears to represent a significant pharmacologic contribution to the care of elderly persons showing selected symptoms of mental and functional decline.
Effects of Aging on Granulopoietic Activity (Colony‐Stimulating Factor)
Authors: Earney William W. , Earney Adam J. , Graham James D. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThis investigation was undertaken to determine whether there is a decrease of granulopoietic activity in subjects of the geriatric age group. Colony‐stimulating factor (CSF) is an alpha glycoprotein which causes proliferation of granulocytes in vitro. A study was made of the variation in the level of CSF with age and the state of health in 78 subjects. They were classified into two groups—young (ages 22–60) and old (ages 70–94). The state of health was classified as normal, acute disease, or chronic disease. The results showed that serum CSF does vary with age and health. The CSF levels were higher in the young than in the old. For both age groups, the CSF levels were elevated in acute disease, and subnormal in chronic disease.
Effects of Diphenylhydantoin on Mental Abilities in the Elderly†
Authors: Smith W. Lynn , Lowrey Jack B. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTAn assessment was made of the effects of diphenylhydantoin (DPH) on the mental functions of clinically normal elderly persons. Their basic intelligence levels ranged between normal and bright‐normal and they represented middle and lower‐upper socio‐economic groups. The 10 subjects, 4 male and 6 female volunteers (average age, 69.3 years), were given pretrial intelligence tests, repeated twice during a double‐blind, cross‐over study of drug and placebo effects. Each cross‐over period lasted three weeks. The dosage of DPH (Dilantin) was 100 mg twice daily, and placebo capsules of identical appearance were given on the same schedule. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale series in three alternate forms was used to measure specific mental functions. The weighted scores of the alternate forms were directly compared to measure the difference between drug and placebo conditions.Significant increases in favor of DPH were observed in the Information, Comprehension, and Digit Symbol subtests, and in the Verbal Scale and Full Scale Intelligence Quotients. The first two measures indicated significant improvement in long‐term memory and social comprehension. The third reflected an increase in the ability to learn new material and increased speed in visual‐motor coordination. The fourth and fifth showed the effectiveness of DPH in improving general mental functioning. Apparently the underlying factor synthesizing these general DPH‐associated improvements is mental concentration.
Anterior Urethral Diverticulum in the Male: Report of Two Cases
Authors: Tanenbaum Barton , Klinger Milton E. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTAnterior urethral diverticulum in the male is relatively uncommon; 2 additional cases are presented. One of the patients had a unique fusiform dilatation of the urethra, the first to be reported in an adult as an acquired diverticulum. Features distinguishing acquired from congenital urethral diverticula are discussed.
Electroencephalographic and Behavioral Changes Associated with Papaverine Administration in Healthy Geriatric Subjects
Authors: Cole Jonathan O. , Branconnier Roland J. , Martin Gary F. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTA double‐blind cross‐over procedure was used to evaluate the effects of papaverine hydrochloride on the electroencephalogram (EEG), cognition, mood and psychologic test performance of 10 healthy geriatric volunteers. During the two‐week period, each subject was tested four times: before and after receiving papaverine and before and after receiving placebo. Period analysis revealed that a 300‐mg dose of papaverine (Pavabid Plateau Caps) increased EEG alpha activity (8–13 cycles per second) and decreased the beta2 range (27–40 cps). Baseline values for six mood factors, short‐term memory, complex problem solving, and attention were not altered significantly by either drug or placebo. Results of the Subject Paced Digit Symbol Substitution Test indicated that papaverine may produce some improvement in simple cognitive functioning. No adverse effects were associated with the use of papaverine.
The Brain Ganglioside Pattern in Presenile and Senile Dementia
Authors: Den Velde W. Op , Hooghwinkel G. J. M. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTGanglioside lipid fractions in the cerebral gray matter were studied in 13 patients with various forms of dementia. In 2 patients with Alzheimer's disease and 1 with senile dementia an abnormal ganglioside pattern was observed, i.e., a decrease of G1 and G3 in association with an increase of G2. In the light of the total clinical and histologic data on the patients, it would seem that this disturbance in ganglioside metabolism may be a phenomenon accompanying extensive degradation of brain tissue rather than a factor in the etiology of dementia.
Suicide by Overdoses of Medicines Among the Aged†
Authors: Benson Roger A. , Brodie Donald C. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe current literature on suicide by medicinal overdose among the elderly population of the United States and Britain is discussed. The older white male is a high risk in this regard. Physical and mental illnesses contribute to the problem of suicide among the aged, and some of the drugs prescribed for treatment (e.g., barbiturates and psychotherapeutic agents) are often accessible to the older person for misuse in suicide. The responsibilities of the prescribing physician and the practices of the dispensing pharmacist are considered in relation to the exposure of the elderly patient to potentially lethal drugs. Prediction of suicidal attitudes in the elderly is complicated by the fact that any attempt at suicide usually is serious and rarely preceded by gestures. Depression, based on social factors, is common among older people. Some of them face problems of declining income and prestige, as well as a loss of physical and mental powers. A change in the attitude of society towards the elderly may help to alleviate the depressive state which so often contributes to the suicidal potential.
The Team Approach in a Psychogeriatric Unit
Authors: Goldstein S. , Birnbom F. , Miller B. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe importance of a multidisciplinary team approach was recognized when a 14‐bed short‐term Psychogeriatric Unit was opened in a psychiatric hospital. The limited time available to the psychiatrist in charge placed a heavy clinical responsibility on the paramedical personnel who formed the team. Initially, role distinctions were kept vague and regarded as not overly important. Six months after the Unit opened, all the staff members filled out a questionnaire. They felt that communication within the team was good, that they could fulfill the role of primary therapist, and that they understood their own roles and those of others. All regarded the psychiatrist as the head of the team. The psychiatrist felt that he had the ultimate responsibility for over‐all care of the patients, that any attempt to blur roles caused problems, and that there had been a partial regression to more traditional patterns. Members of the Unit regarded themselves as a team, able to work together and pool skills in treating patients, and thus play a significant part in total care. This attitude proved more valuable than attempting to break away from the medical model or decrying the importance of roles.
Soul Foods for Some Older Americans†
Authors: Boykin Lorraine S. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe elderly person brings with him a lifetime of food preferences. For him, nutritional adequacy is dependent upon continuation of similar underlying influences and the varying conditions which determine the food intake of any group. The significance of individuality cannot be minimized in assessing nutritional well‐being and in developing a plan of action. Among the factors affecting food acceptance and health status are foods which are considered “soul” by some persons. Recognition of, and respect for, individual food preferences can be invaluable to members of the health professions in providing services to aging Americans.
The Problems of a Medical Editor†
Authors: Lyght Charles E. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTAn editor's problems are real; they are legion; they are unending. They range from such major considerations as the selection or rejection of submitted papers, the maintenance of the Journal's prestige, and the protection of the readers’ interests, to the everyday routine of rendering the written word clear, the thrust of the message effective, and the correction of errors, oversights and omissions. All these objectives must be achieved without altering or trifling with factual content or destroying the author's style. Balancing the problems are the joy and satisfaction inherent in a successful editorial process, together with the expressed appreciation of authors and readers.
Observations on the Psychopharmacology of the Aged†
Authors: Eisdorfer Carl 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTPsychotropic drugs are discussed under the descriptive categories of antipsychotic, antidepressive, antimanic, anti‐anxiety, and cognitive acting. In the antipsychotic classification, special attention is given to side effects (extrapyramidal motor signs, tardive dyskinesias, akathisis) and to dosage for the elderly. The section on cognitive acting drugs includes some pertinent observations on cognitive ability in the aging, the importance of correct diagnosis, and therapeutic strategy. The aged are a population at risk for not only disease, but iatrogenic illness due to direct and indirect drug action. Rational therapy involves understanding the underlying dynamics of the disease and thus the selection of the most effective treatment. Psychotropic drugs in an appropriate program are valuable therapeutic assets.