bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radioiodine therapy for Graves disease as a risk factor of endocrine ophthalmopathy
Authors: Sheremeta M S , Belovalova I M , Sviridenko N Yu 
Published: March 2014

In 1973 and 1976 2 cases of endocrine ophthalmopathy (EO) after external irradiation of the anterior surface of the neck due to a tumor (Hodgkin's lymphoma) was described. Further observations showed that treatment of Graves' disease (BG) with radioactive iodine (131I) can worsen the course of EO. So, L. De Groot et al., Observing 264 patients after exposure to 131I for BG, found progression of EO in 4% of patients after the 1st course of therapy and in 12% after subsequent sessions.
Later the appearance or significant progression of EO in patients treated with 131I has been observed. Some studies have shown that the progression of EO after treatment with 131I without glucocorticoids administration can be observed in 18–30% of cases. Along with this, there is an opinion that 131I does not affect the incidence of clinical symptoms in the orbit and that hypothyroidism that occurs after it does not lead to the progression of eye symptoms. The relationship between treatment and the onset or progression of EO is not clear. Nevertheless, there is evidence of an adverse effect of an elevated level of antibodies to the thyroid stimulating hormone receptor in the blood serum after 131I training for EO.
Aberrant Brain Functional Connectivity Related to Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes: A Resting-State fMRI Study
Authors: Chen Yu-Chen , Jiao Yun , Cui Ying , Shang Song-An , Ding Jie , Feng Yuan , Song Wen , Ju Sheng-Hong , Teng Gao-Jun 
Published: March 2014

OBJECTIVE
Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance, which is involved in the development of Alzheimer disease. This study aims to investigate the relationship between abnormal resting-state brain functional connectivity and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A total of 30 patients with type 2 diabetes and 31 healthy well-matched volunteers were prospectively examined. Resting-state brain functional connectivity analysis was used to examine the correlation between the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and whole-brain regions. The possible relationships between functional connectivity measures and insulin resistance were evaluated using the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).

RESULTS
Compared with healthy controls, we observed significantly decreased functional connectivity of the PCC within some selected regions, including the right middle temporal gyrus (MTG), left lingual gyrus, left middle occipital gyrus, and left precentral gyrus; increased functional connectivity of the PCC was detected in the left cerebellum posterior lobe, right superior frontal gyrus, and right middle frontal gyrus. A significant negative correlation was found between the PCC-right MTG connectivity and HOMA-IR in type 2 diabetic patients (P = 0.014; r = −0.446).

CONCLUSIONS
Type 2 diabetic patients develop aberrant functional connectivity of the PCC, which is associated with insulin resistance in selected brain regions. Resting-state connectivity disturbance of PCC–MTG may be a central role for evaluating the cognitive dysfunction in type 2 diabetes.
Living Well With Diabetes: 24-Month Outcomes From a Randomized Trial of Telephone-Delivered Weight Loss and Physical Activity Intervention to Improve Glycemic Control
Authors: Eakin Elizabeth G. , Winkler Elisabeth A. , Dunstan David W. , Healy Genevieve N. , Owen Neville , Marshall Alison M. , Graves Nicholas , Reeves Marina M. 
Published: March 2014

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effectiveness of a telephone-delivered behavioral weight loss and physical activity intervention targeting Australian primary care patients with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Pragmatic randomized controlled trial of telephone counseling (n = 151) versus usual care (n = 151). Reported here are 18-month (end-of-intervention) and 24-month (maintenance) primary outcomes of weight, moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA; via accelerometer), and HbA1c level. Secondary outcomes include dietary energy intake and diet quality, waist circumference, lipid levels, and blood pressure. Data were analyzed via adjusted linear mixed models with multiple imputation of missing data.

RESULTS
Relative to usual-care participants, telephone counseling participants achieved modest, but significant, improvements in weight loss (relative rate [RR] −1.42% of baseline body weight [95% CI −2.54 to −0.30% of baseline body weight]), MVPA (RR 1.42 [95% CI 1.06–1.90]), diet quality (2.72 [95% CI 0.55–4.89]), and waist circumference (−1.84 cm [95% CI −3.16 to −0.51 cm]), but not in HbA1c level (RR 0.99 [95% CI 0.96–1.02]), or other cardio-metabolic markers. None of the outcomes showed a significant change/deterioration over the maintenance period. However, only the intervention effect for MVPA remained statistically significant at 24 months.

CONCLUSIONS
The modest improvements in weight loss and behavior change, but the lack of changes in cardio-metabolic markers, may limit the utility, scalability, and sustainability of such an approach.
Magnetic Resonance Neuroimaging Study of Brain Structural Differences in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Selvarajah Dinesh , Wilkinson Iain D. , Maxwell Michael , Davies Jennifer , Sankar Adhithya , Boland Elaine , Gandhi Rajiv , Tracey Irene , Tesfaye Solomon 
Published: March 2014

OBJECTIVE
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) has hitherto been considered a disease of the peripheral nervous system only, with central nervous system (CNS) involvement largely overlooked. The aim of this study was to investigate any differences in brain structure in subjects with DPN.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Thirty-six subjects with type 1 diabetes (No DPN [n = 18], Painful DPN [n = 9], Painless DPN [n = 9]) underwent neurophysiological assessment to quantify the severity of DPN. All subjects, including 18 healthy volunteers (HVs), underwent volumetric brain magnetic resonance imaging at 3 Tesla.

RESULTS
Adjusted peripheral gray matter volume was statistically significantly lower in subjects with painless and painful DPN (mean 599.6 mL [SEM 9.8 mL] and 585.4 mL [10.0 mL], respectively) compared with those with No DPN (626.5 mL [5.7 mL]) and HVs (639.9 mL [7.2 mL]; ANCOVA, P = 0.001). The difference in adjusted peripheral gray matter volume between subjects with No DPN and HVs and those with Painful DPN and Painless DPN was not statistically significant (P = 0.16 and 0.30, respectively). Voxel-based morphometry analyses revealed greater localized volume loss in the primary somatosensory cortex, supramarginal gyrus, and cingulate cortex (corrected P &lt; 0.05) in DPN subjects.

CONCLUSIONS
This is the first study to focus on structural changes in the brain associated with DPN. Our findings suggest increased peripheral gray matter volume loss, localized to regions involved with somatosensory perception in subjects with DPN. This may have important implications for the long-term prognosis of DPN.
Organocatalytic SOMO reactions of copper(I)-acetylide and alkylindium compounds with aldehydes
Authors: Tisovský Pavol , Mečiarová Mária , Šebesta Radovan 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe derivatisation of aldehydes in their α-position is an important facet of organic synthesis. Organocatalytic radical reactions afford α-functionalised aldehydes via a SOMO activation pathway. New organo-SOMO reactions of aldehydes with copper(I)-acetylide and alkylindium reagents are detailed. These reactions proceed well under the catalysis of chiral imidazolidinones. The corresponding functionalised aldehydes were obtained with acceptable yields, but with only low enantiomeric ratios.
Characterization of LaRhO3 perovskites for dry (CO2) reforming of methane (DRM)
Authors: Johansson Ted , Pakhare Devendra , Haynes Daniel , Abdelsayed Victor , Shekhawat Dushyant , Spivey James 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis work reports on the characterization of LaRhO3 perovskite as a catalyst for dry reforming of methane. The catalyst was studied using CH4-temperature programmed reduction (TPR), H2-TPR, and temperature programmed surface reaction (TPSR), and the changes in the crystal structure of the catalyst due to these treatments were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD). XRD pattern of the freshly calcined perovskites showed the formation of highly crystalline LaRhO3 and La2O3 phases. H2-TPR of the fresh calcined catalyst showed a shoulder at 342°C and a broad peak at 448°C, suggesting that the reduction of Rh in perovskite occurs in multiple steps. XRD pattern of the reduced catalyst suggests complete reduction of the LaRhO3 phase and the formation of metallic Rh and minor amounts of La(OH)3. The CH4-TPR data show qualitatively similar results as H2-TPR, with a shoulder and a broad peak in the same temperature range. Following the H2-TPR up to 950°C, the same batch of catalyst was oxidized by flowing 5 vol. % O2/He up to 500°C and a second H2-TPR (also up to 950°C) was conducted. This second H2-TPR differed significantly from that of the fresh calcined catalyst. The single sharp peak at 163°C in the second H2-TPR suggests a significant change in the catalyst, probably causedby the transformation of about 90 % of the perovskite into Rh/La2O3. This was confirmed by the XRD studies of the catalyst reduced after the oxidation at 500°C. TPSR of the dry reforming reaction on the fresh calcined catalyst showed CO and H2 formation starting at 400°C, with complete consumption of the reactants at 650°C. The uneven consumption of reactants between 400°C and 650°C suggests that reactions other than DRM occur, including reverse water gas shift (RWGS) and the Boudouard reaction (BR), probably as a result of in-situ changes in the catalyst, consistent with the H2-TPR results. TPSR, after a H2-TPR up to 950°C, showed that the dry reforming reaction did not light off until 570°C, which is much higher temperature than the one observed using fresh calcined catalyst. This shows that the uniform sites produced during the 950°C H2-TPR are catalytically less active than those of the fresh calcined catalyst, and that no significant side reactions such as RWGS or the Boudouard reaction occur. This suggests that reduction leads to the formation of a single type of sites which do not catalyze simultaneous side reactions.
Burnout among physiotherapists and length of service
Authors: Śliwiński Zbigniew , Starczyńska Małgorzata , Kotela Ireneusz , Kowalski Tomasz , Kryś-Noszczyk Karolina , Lietz-Kijak Danuta , Kijak Edward , Makara-Studzińska Marta 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
“Proud Mormon Polygamist”: Assimilation, Popular Memory, and the Mormon Churches inBig Love
Authors: Zuk Tanya D. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract:This article explores the tensions between the official Mormon Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and the polygamist Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints as popular memory of these subcultures are created through a variety of media representations, including fictional programming like Big Love, media branding campaigns from both secular and religious groups, and reality programming such as Sister Wives and Polygamy USA. Using Hebdige’s concepts of hegemony, subculture, and assimilation, as well as Spivak’s subaltern, this paper analyzes the ongoing discourse of assimilation and rejection of the Mormon Church in American society though the representations of these groups in popular media.
Allopatric diversification, multiple habitat shifts, and hybridization in the evolution of Pericallis (Asteraceae), a Macaronesian endemic genus
Authors: Jones Katy E. , Reyes‐Betancort J. Alfredo , Hiscock Simon J. , Carine Mark A. 
Published: March 2014

• Premise of the study: Geographic isolation, habitat shifts, and hybridization have contributed to the diversification of oceanic island floras. We investigated the contribution of these processes to the diversification of Pericallis, a genus endemic to Macaronesia.• Methods: Data from the chloroplast psaI‐accD and trnV‐ndhC regions and the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) were sampled for multiple accessions of all taxa and used to establish phylogenetic hypotheses. Habitat preferences were optimized to investigate habitat shifts, and divergence times were estimated. Species nonmonophyly was investigated using Bayes factors.• Key results: Much of the diversification in Pericallis has occurred recently, within the past 1.7 Ma. Three habitat shifts have occurred in the evolution of the genus. However, geographic isolation has played a greater role in its diversification. Novel allopatric patterns were revealed within some species, highlighting the significance of geographic isolation in the evolution of Pericallis. One species (P. appendiculata) that resolved as monophyletic in the ITS analysis was polyphyletic in the chloroplast analysis. Bayes factors provide strong support for the nonmonophyly of P. appendiculata haplotypes, and their phylogenetic placement suggests that ancient hybridization is responsible for the haplotype diversity observed.• Conclusions: Multiple markers and extensive sampling provided new insights into the evolution of Pericallis. In contrast to previous studies, our results reveal a more significant role for allopatry than habitat shifts and new evidence for ancient hybridization in the evolution of Pericallis. Our study highlights the power of broad taxon sampling for unraveling diversity patterns and processes within oceanic island radiations.
Multiple CD11c+ Cells Collaboratively Express IL-1β To Modulate Stromal Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Lymph Node Vascular–Stromal Growth
Authors: Benahmed Fairouz , Chyou Susan , Dasoveanu Dragos , Chen Jingfeng , Kumar Varsha , Iwakura Yoichiro , Lu Theresa T. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Lymphadenopathy in autoimmune and other lymphoproliferative diseases is in part characterized by immunoblasts and vascular proliferation. The lymph node vasculature, along with the nonvascular stromal compartment, supports lymphocyte function, and targeting vascular–stromal expansion in inflamed nodes may modulate lymphocyte function in disease. CD11c+ cells are essential for vascular–stromal proliferation and the upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) needed for vascular proliferation. However, targetable CD11c+ cell–derived molecular mediators, the identity of relevant CD11c+ cells, and whether CD11c+ cells directly stimulate VEGF-expressing stromal cells are poorly understood. In this study we show that CD11c+ CD11b+ CCR2-dependent monocytes and CCR7-dependent dendritic cells express IL-1β. IL-1β blockade, IL-1β deficiency in radiosensitive cells, and CCR2/CCR7 double deficiency but not single deficiency all attenuate immunization-induced vascular–stromal proliferation. gp38+ stromal fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) that express VEGF are enriched for Thy1+ cells and partially overlap with CCL21-expressing FRCs, and FRC VEGF is attenuated with IL-1β deficiency or blockade. IL-1β localizes to the outer borders of the T zone, where VEGF-expressing cells are also enriched. Ex vivo, CD11b+ cells enriched for IL-1β+ cells can directly induce cultured gp38+Thy1+ FRCs to upregulate VEGF. Taken together, these results suggest a mechanism whereby multiple recruited CD11c+ populations express IL-1β and directly modulate FRC function to help promote the initiation of vascular–stromal growth in stimulated lymph nodes. These data provide new insight into how CD11c+ cells regulate the lymph node vascular–stromal compartment, add to the evolving understanding of functional stromal subsets, and suggest a possible utility for IL-1β blockade in preventing inflammatory lymph node growth.
TLR4 Ligands Lipopolysaccharide and Monophosphoryl Lipid A Differentially Regulate Effector and Memory CD8+ T Cell Differentiation
Authors: Cui Weiguo , Joshi Nikhil S. , Liu Ying , Meng Hailong , Kleinstein Steven H. , Kaech Susan M. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Vaccines formulated with nonreplicating pathogens require adjuvants to help bolster immunogenicity. The role of adjuvants in Ab production has been well studied, but how they influence memory CD8+ T cell differentiation remains poorly defined. In this study we implemented dendritic cell–mediated immunization to study the effects of commonly used adjuvants, TLR ligands, on effector and memory CD8+ T cell differentiation in mice. Intriguingly, we found that the TLR4 ligand LPS was far more superior to other TLR ligands in generating memory CD8+ T cells upon immunization. LPS boosted clonal expansion similar to the other adjuvants, but fewer of the activated CD8+ T cells died during contraction, generating a larger pool of memory cells. Surprisingly, monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA), another TLR4 ligand, enhanced clonal expansion of effector CD8+ T cells, but it also promoted their terminal differentiation and contraction; thus, fewer memory CD8+ T cells formed, and MPLA-primed animals were less protected against secondary infection compared with those primed with LPS. Furthermore, gene expression profiling revealed that LPS-primed effector cells displayed a stronger pro-memory gene expression signature, whereas the gene expression profile of MPLA-primed effector cells aligned closer with terminal effector CD8+ T cells. Lastly, we demonstrated that the LPS-TLR4–derived “pro-memory” signals were MyD88, but not Toll/IL-1R domain–containing adapter inducing IFN-β, dependent. This study reveals the influential power of adjuvants on the quantity and quality of CD8+ T cell memory, and that attention to adjuvant selection is crucial because boosting effector cell expansion may not always equate with more memory T cells or greater protection.
Intrastriatal Transplantation of Adenovirus-Generated Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Treating Neuropathological and Functional Deficits in a Rodent Model of Huntington's Disease
Authors: Fink Kyle D. , Crane Andrew T. , Lévêque Xavier , Dues Dylan J. , Huffman Lucas D. , Moore Allison C. , Story Darren T. , DeJonge Rachel E. , Antcliff Aaron , Starski Phillip A. , Lu Ming , Lescaudron Laurent , Rossignol Julien , Dunbar Gary L. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) show considerable promise for cell replacement therapies for Huntington's disease (HD). Our laboratory has demonstrated that tail-tip fibroblasts, reprogrammed into iPSCs via two adenoviruses, can survive and differentiate into neuronal lineages following transplantation into healthy adult rats. However, the ability of these cells to survive, differentiate, and restore function in a damaged brain is unknown. To this end, adult rats received a regimen of 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) to induce behavioral and neuropathological deficits that resemble HD. At 7, 21, and 42 days after the initiation of 3-NP or vehicle, the rats received intrastriatal bilateral transplantation of iPSCs. All rats that received 3-NP and vehicle treatment displayed significant motor impairment, whereas those that received iPSC transplantation after 3-NP treatment had preserved motor function. Histological analysis of the brains of these rats revealed significant decreases in optical densitometric measures in the striatum, lateral ventricle enlargement, as well as an increase in striosome size in all rats receiving 3-NP when compared with sham rats. The 3-NP-treated rats given transplants of iPSCs in the 7- or 21-day groups did not exhibit these deficits. Transplantation of iPSCs at the late-stage (42-day) time point did not protect against the 3-NP-induced neuropathology, despite preserving motor function. Transplanted iPSCs were found to survive and differentiate into region-specific neurons in the striatum of 3-NP rats, at all transplantation time points. Taken together, these results suggest that transplantation of adenovirus-generated iPSCs may provide a potential avenue for therapeutic treatment of HD.
What does high and low have to do with it? Performance classification to identify health system factors associated with effective prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission of HIV delivery in Mozambique
Authors: Gimbel Sarah , Voss Joachim , Rustagi Alison , Mercer Mary Anne , Zierler Brenda , Gloyd Stephen , Coutinho Maria de Joana , Cuembelo Maria de Fatima , Sherr Kenneth 
Published: March 2014

IntroductionEfforts to implement and take to scale highly efficacious, low‐cost interventions to prevent mother‐to‐child HIV transmission (pMTCT) have been a cornerstone of reproductive health services in sub‐Saharan Africa for over a decade. Yet efforts to increase access and utilization of these services remain far from optimal. This study developed and applied an approach to systematically classify pMTCT performance to identify modifiable health system factors associated with pMTCT performance which may be replicated in other pMTCT systems.MethodsFacility‐level performance measures were collected at 30 sites over a 12‐month period and reviewed for consistency. Five combinations of three indicators (1. HIV testing; 2. CD4 testing; 3. antiretroviral prophylaxis and combined antiretroviral therapy initiation) were compared including a composite of all three, a combination of 1. and 3., and each individually. Approaches were visually assessed to describe facility performance, focusing on rank order consistency across high, medium and low categories. Modifiable and non‐modifiable factors were ascertained at each site and ranking process was reviewed to estimate association with facility performance through unadjusted Chi‐square tests and logistic regression. After describing factors associated with high versus low performing pMTCT clinics, the effect of inclusion of the 10 middle performers was assessed.ResultsThe indicator most consistently associated with the reference composite indicator (HIV testing, antiretroviral prophylaxis and combined antiretroviral therapy) was the single measure of antiretroviral prophylaxis and combined antiretroviral therapy. Lower performing pMTCT clinics ranked consistently low across measurement strategies; high and middle performing clinics demonstrated more variability. Association between clinic characteristics and high pMTCT performance varied markedly across ranking strategies. Using the reference composite indicator, larger catchment area, higher number of institutional deliveries, onsite CD4 point‐of‐care capacity, and higher numbers of nurses and doctors were associated with high clinic performance while clinic location, NGO support, women's support group, community linkages patient‐tracking systems and stock‐outs were not associated with high performance.ConclusionsClassifying high and low performance provided consistent results across ranking measures, though granularity was improved by aggregating middle performers with either high or low performers. Human resources, catchment size and utilization were positively associated with effective pMTCT service delivery.