bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2,2′‐Bipyridine and 1,10‐Phenanthroline as Coligands or Structure‐Directing Agents in Uranyl–Organic Assemblies with Polycarboxylic Acids
Authors: Thuéry Pierre 
Published: July 2013

AbstractSeven uranyl complexes with polycarboxylic acids were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions in the presence of 2,2′‐bipyridine (bipy) or 1,10‐phenanthroline (phen), and their crystal structures were determined. The bipy and phen molecules are uncoordinated in the two oxalate complexes [Hbipy]2[(UO2)2(C2O4)(OH)3]2·bipy (1) and [Hphen]2[(UO2)2(C2O4)3] (2), which provide two new two‐dimensional architectures in the uranyl oxalate family. The first uranyl complexes with citraconic acid (H2citcn) could also be obtained in these conditions: [UO2(citcn)(bipy)] (3) and [UO2(citcn)(phen)] (4) are isomorphous one‐dimensional, ribbonlike polymers in which bipy and phen are terminal coligands. The complex formed with the trans,trans,trans isomer of 1,2,3,4‐cyclobutanetetracarboxylic acid (H4cbtc), [Hbipy][UO2(Hcbtc)]·1.5H2O (5), displays a two‐dimensional arrangement. One of the carboxylic groups retains its proton and is uncoordinated, in contrast to the bonding scheme in the previously reported framework with the same ligand. Bipy is a coligand in the complex with citric acid (H4cit), [(UO2)2(cit)(bipy)]·0.5H2O (6), which contains both the {[UO2(cit)]2}4– dimeric subunits frequently encountered in uranyl citrates and a third uranium centre bound to three carboxylate groups and chelated by bipy. The closely related D‐(–)‐citramalic acid (H3citml) gives the complex [Hphen]2[(UO2)5(citml)4(H2O)]·3H2O (7), a three‐dimensional framework comprising {[UO2(citml)]2}2– dimeric subunits assembled into chains, and other uranium atoms connecting four such chains. Large channels are occupied by columns of Hphen+ counterions held together by π‐stacking interactions. In these complexes, bipy and phen are either present as coligands or as counterions. In the latter case, they act as organic templates that lead to structures different from those previously known with the same carboxylate ligands.
Switch On/Switch Off Signal in an MOF‐Guest Crystalline Device
Authors: Mazzeo Paolo P. , Maini Lucia , Braga Dario , Valenti Giovanni , Paolucci Francesco , Marcaccio Massimo , Barbieri Andrea , Ventura Barbara 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA metal organic framework (MOF) based on the [Cu4I4DABCO2] cluster (DABCO = 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane), MOF 1, shows bright emission with a maximum at 556 nm and an emission quantum yield of 0.53 in the solid state. When the large cavities of the MOF are loaded during the synthesis with different amounts of ferrocene {FeCp2, [(η5‐C5H5)2FeII]}, the luminescence of MOF 1 decreases with the increase in the ferrocene content, reaching an almost complete quenching for 3.5 wt.‐% of cage loading, corresponding to the complete filling of the MOF cavities. When an electric potential is applied to the FeCp2@MOF 1 deposited onto an ITO glass, the FeIICp2 is oxidised to FeIIICp2+, and the MOF 1 emission is partially switched on again, indicating that a photoinduced electron‐transfer reaction is contributing to the quenching process.
Highly active biocatalyst for transesterification: Cross linked enzyme aggregates of Thermomyces lanuginosus and Candida antarctica B
Authors: Schroeck Andrea Maria , Schober Sigurd , Mittelbach Martin 
Published: July 2013

The preparation of cross‐linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) with albumin as an additive is demonstrated successfully with lipase Thermomyces lanuginosus (TL) and lipase B of Candida antarctica (CalB). Investigations regarding the albumin admixture and the temperature optimum are employed. Compared to non‐cross‐linked lipase, CalB delivers the best results at a mass ratio of 1:16 lipase/albumin, which leads to a 24‐fold increase of activity; TL at a mass ratio of 1:12, which leads to a eightfold increased activity. A transesterification yield of 61% m/m ethyl ester can be reached with 2.5% m/m CLEAs of lipase TL applied on rapeseed oil within 1.5 h reaction time. A catalyst mass of 10% m/m yields 94% m/m ethyl ester in the same time. Within six cycles of reuse, the catalyst remains stable. CLEAs of CalB and Novozym 435 (a commercial immobilized lipase B of C. antarctica) show comparable rates in ethanolysis and glycerolysis reaction.Practical applications: CLEAs have become of increasing interest in terms of synthesis of organic compounds via bio‐catalytic (green) approaches. The findings presented here are targeting at transesterification of fats and oils into corresponding alkyl esters applicable, e.g., as alternative fuel substitutes. High conversion rates coupled with hyperactivation effects as well as highly appealing reusability behavior indicate the practical benefits even for technical applications. Conversion of lipids into derivatives by CLEAs as demonstrated here, might extend utilization and conversion possibilities of biomass.
Evaluation of conjugated fatty acids incorporation in tilapia through GC–FID and EASI–MS
Authors: Bonafé Elton Guntendorfer , Boeing Joana Schuelter , Matsushita Makoto , Claus Thiago , de Oliveira Santos Oscar , de Oliveira Cláudio Celestino , Eberlin Marcos Nogueira , Visentainer Jesuí Vergílio 
Published: July 2013

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the incorporation of conjugated linoleic and α‐linolenic fatty acids into muscle tissue of genetically modified tilapia through treatment with CLA and tung oil‐enriched diet as a source of these acids by gas chromatograph equipped with a FID (GC–FID). The results showed that conjugated fatty acids were incorporated into tilapia muscle tissue and the accumulation had higher values in fourth period, except the α‐eleostearic acid. Furthermore, other fatty acids of important nutritional value such as EPA, DHA, and AA acids were also identified in this study. Tilapia treated with diets enriched with CLA and tung oil can be included in human diet as a source of conjugated fatty acids such as conjugated linoleic and α‐linolenic acids.Practical applications: Adding CLA and tung oil, a source of conjugated α‐linolenic acid, to tilapia feed, can significantly increase the concentration of conjugated fatty acids in tilapia muscle tissue. Tilapia fed with CLA and CLnA can be included in human diet as a source of conjugated fatty acids.
Deuterium and Tritium Labelling of N‐Acyl‐L‐homoserine Lactones (AHLs) by Catalytic Reduction of a Double Bond in the Layer‐by‐Layer Method
Authors: Jakubczyk Dorota , Merle Christian , Brenner‐Weiss Gerald , Luy Burkhard , Bräse Stefan 
Published: July 2013

AbstractN‐Acyl‐L‐homoserine lactones (AHLs) are signalling molecules found in Gram‐negative bacteria that enable bacteria to communicate with each other through quorum sensing and with their eukaryotic host cells through inter‐kingdom signalling. Very little is known about inter‐kingdom signalling mechanisms. Deuterium‐ and tritium‐labelled AHLs were synthesized in an effort to detect the cellular distribution and monitor the membrane transport of AHLs. Most tritium labelling methods use tritium gas, which is difficult to handle, however, here we present a novel, gas‐free method with which to obtain deuterium‐ and tritium‐label terminally unsaturated AHLs through catalytic reduction of the double bond. This uncommon double bond reduction employs either sodium borohydride‐[2H] or sodium borohydride‐[3H] and is performed in the presence of palladium(II) acetate, which acts as a catalyst in the unique layer‐by‐layer system. Moreover, detailed NMR analysis of the resulting isotopologues is presented.
Network coding for relaying networks over double‐link rayleigh fading channels using priority in decoding
Authors: Abdollahi Mehran Pourmohammad , Biroun Payman Mahmoudi , Niya Javad Musevi 
Published: July 2013

AbstractNowadays, wireless networks are employed for many applications, but they face some problems such as power source limitation and collision due to common media. These problems decrease the network throughput and increase the power consumption. Fading is another important characteristic of wireless channels, which degrades the network performance. On the contrary, network coding is a useful method that can be applied to increase throughput. We extend the network coding model from two nodes with one relay to four nodes with the same relay over Rayleigh fading channels. Each side of the relay consists of two neighbouring nodes, which relaying nodes are not needed between them. In this paper, we propose a new method that uses priority property for decoding so that high or low priority for a node means that the node will XOR received data from relay node and its own data or data received from its neighbour, respectively. Also, decoding procedure includes two stages in which one of the neighbour nodes in each side has high priority and the other one has low priority. Then, network performance and the effects of Rayleigh fading on network coding over double‐link channels are studied under power‐constant and channel‐inversion schemes. By solving optimisation problems called Double‐Link Network Coding Constant Power and Double‐Link Network Coding Channel Inversion, we obtain optimum network throughput. The results show that the proposed method increases network throughput and decreases power consumption by reducing number of time slots in comparison with the simple method. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The pursuit of political will: politicians' motivation and health promotion
Authors: Zalmanovitch Yair , Cohen Nissim 
Published: July 2013

SummaryThe health promotion literature points out a significant gap between declared health promotion policy and practice. The common assumption is that one of the main obstacles to progress is “political will” and the intersectoral action necessary to create healthy environments. The concept of political will is most frequently invoked to explain a lack of action usually rooted in politicians' lack of personal courage or good sense. While stressing the fact that health and its promotion are profoundly political, we claim that the lack of political will is usually not because politicians have shown insufficient personal courage or good sense. Rather, we suggest that one of the reasons for the gap between the need for health promotion policies and political will derives from politicians' lack of attraction to several aspects associated with this policy area. In many cases, politicians are not attracted to the issue of health promotion because of the unique structural conditions usually associated with this policy domain. Using tools related to public policy theory, we suggest a conceptual framework that explains what those conditions are and answers the question of why politicians seem to lack the political will to undertake the design of health promotion policies. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perceptual weighting of pain behaviours of others, not information integration, varies with expertise
Authors: Prigent E. , Amorim M.‐A. , Leconte P. , Pradon D. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundBeing able to estimate effort pain in patients is important for health care providers working in physical rehabilitation services. Previous studies have shown that clinicians and physiotherapists underestimate patients' pain.MethodsThe present study examined how two sources of visual information, namely body kinematics (movement speed and postural constraints) and facial expressions are integrated in order to estimate effort pain magnitude experienced by a paraplegic person performing a sitting pivot transfer. In addition, the effect of familiarity with paraplegia on judgment was assessed by comparing performance among physiotherapists, paraplegic patients and unfamiliar participants. Functional measurement was used to determine the psychophysical law of visual information integration carried by pain behaviours (guarding and facial expression).Results Results indicate that guarding behaviour (specified by movement speed) carried important information for perceived effort pain independently of familiarity. In contrast, facial expression of pain was relevant only to unfamiliar and physiotherapist participants and not to paraplegic participants. Even if physiotherapists underestimated effort pain as compared to the other groups, they relied more strongly on facial expression, than other participants, in their estimation of effort pain expressed by a paraplegic patient.ConclusionsThese results bring further insights into understanding physiotherapists' perception of patients' pain. In order to improve their ability to adapt the difficulty of the rehabilitation sessions, they should learn to raise their global level of pain magnitude estimation (for example, by performing themselves the body movement) instead of overweighting facial pain expression signals.
Monitoring caffeine and resveratrol cutaneous permeation by confocal Raman microspectroscopy
Authors: Tfaili Sana , Josse Gwendal , Angiboust Jean‐François , Manfait Michel , Piot Olivier 
Published: July 2013

AbstractDynamic follow‐up of exogenous molecules permeation through the skin is one among many competing applications for confocal Raman microspectroscopy. Previous studies showed the feasibility of tracking actives through the skin; the next step should be recording in vivo kinetics. Thus, we conducted a study to evaluate the possibility of detecting low concentrations of caffeine and resveratrol solutions through the skin using confocal Raman microspectroscopy. After topical application of each active on the skin surface, Raman profiles were recorded over nine hours. The challenge was to pursuit these actives respecting the concentration used in some dermatological formulations. Molecules were successfully detected and kinetic profiles were registered over time. The heterogeneity of skin structure and the complexity of molecules diffusion were reflected through the kinetic results. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Contrast enhanced CT attenuation correlates with the GAG content of bovine meniscus
Authors: Lakin Bejamin A. , Grasso Daniel J. , Stewart Rachel C. , Freedman Jonathan D. , Snyder Brian D. , Grinstaff Mark W. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTWe determined whether contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CECT) attenuation obtained using a µCT scanner correlated with the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content and distribution in ex vivo bovine menisci. Bovine samples were immersed in different concentrations of the contrast agents CA4+ and Ioxaglate, and the µCT images were compared to Safranin‐O staining. CA4+ and Ioxaglate diffusion‐in kinetics and the correlation between their CECT attenuations and GAG content were investigated. CA4+ and Ioxaglate both reached steady state in the meniscal regions within 95 h, with tau values of 20.6 ± 3.98 and 25.9 ± 3.71 h (mean ± SD), respectively. Both agents diffused preferentially through the proximal and secondarily through the distal surface. The CA4+ CECT attenuation was strongly and positively correlated with the GAG content of the meniscus regions (R2 = 0.89, p < 0.001) at low concentrations (12 mgI/ml), while the Ioxaglate CECT attenuation was moderately and negatively correlated with the GAG content (R2 = 0.51, p = 0.03) at 60 mgI/ml. CECT can image ex vivo menisci, and the CA4+, compared to Ioxaglate, enhanced attenuation strongly correlates with the GAG content and distribution in bovine meniscus. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1765–1771, 2013
2D Self‐Assembly of an Amido‐Ended Hydrophilic Hyperbranched Polyester by Copper Ion Induction
Authors: Li Junna , Zhang Daohong , Li Shunhai , Xu Zhicai , Chen Sufang , Li Tingcheng , Zhang Junheng , Chen Shenghui , Zhang Aiqing 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe self‐assembly of an amido‐ended hydrophilic hyperbranched polyester (HTDA‐2) into ordered, compact, 2D, tree‐like structures with a diameter of over 500 μm and a trunk‐width of about 3–5 μm by the induction effect of cupric ions is presented. Influencing factors on the morphology of the self‐assemblies, including temperature, time, solvents, concentration, and humidity, investigated by polarizing optical microscopy (POM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), are discussed. The self‐assembly mechanism is analyzed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), SEM, and Fourier transform IR (FTIR) spectroscopy. A dimension (Df) of about 1.50 for the perfect fractal behavior and the crystal behavior of the self‐assemblies are determined.magnified image
Fluorene/Carbazole Alternating Copolymers Tethered with Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Electroluminescent Properties
Authors: Xie Nana , Wang Jinze , Guo Zhilong , Chen Guangxin , Li Qifang 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA series of novel fluorene/carbazole alternating copolymers tethered with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS), which have well‐defined architectures and similar polymerization degrees, are synthesized by the Heck coupling reaction to investigate the effects of the number and the position of POSS on the optoelectronic properties. The introduction of POSS results in blue shifts in the photoluminescence (PL) emission spectra (especially for P2) and improved thermal spectral stability. Moreover, an appropriate amount of POSS is beneficial for enhancing the electroluminescent properties, and a better performance is obtained when POSS units are tethered to the 9‐position of the carbazole units, rather than fluorene units. Moreover, POSS facilitates the balance of electron and hole fluxes.magnified image
Layout design of rockbolts for natural ground reinforcement
Authors: Kato Junji , Ishii Keiichiro , Terada Kenjiro , Kyoya Takashi 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYThe present study addresses a layout design of rockbolts for reinforcing natural ground structures applying a special optimization method, called multiphase layout optimization. Rockbolts are used to tighten loosed natural ground, and the layout of rockbolts are determined without sufficient information about the physical properties of the ground materials. Because of this uncertainty, unexpected deformation often occurs at the excavation surface of natural ground. In that case, it is requested to determine an effective layout of the additional rockbolts promptly with respect to the actual deformation at the construction site. However, it is not easy to determine the optimal layout because of its complexity, and consequently, it has no choice but to determine the layout in an empirical way.This study introduces a numerical approach to determine an optimal layout of rockbolts with respect to arbitrarily possible deformation of natural ground. The objective is to maximize the stiffness of the overall ground structure reinforced with rockbolts. For optimization, a gradient‐based optimization scheme is applied because of its numerical efficiency. It was verified from a series of numerical examples that this method has great potential to improve the stiffness of the overall ground structure and shows a certain applicability to a practical design. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Central nervous targets for the treatment of bladder dysfunction
Authors: Yoshimura Naoki , Miyazato Minoru , Kitta Takeya , Yoshikawa Satoru 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe functions of the lower urinary tract, to store and periodically release urine, are dependent on the activity of smooth and striated muscles in the urinary bladder, urethra, and external urethral sphincter. This activity is in turn controlled by neural circuits in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral ganglia.AimsThis paper will review recent advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of voiding disorders, especially focusing on the central nervous system.MethodsVarious neurotransmitters, including acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, excitatory and inhibitory amino acids, adenosine triphosphate, nitric oxide, and neuropeptides, have been implicated in the neural regulation of the lower urinary tract.ResultsInjuries or diseases of the nervous system, as well as drugs and disorders of the peripheral organs, can produce voiding dysfunctions such as urinary frequency, urgency, or incontinence.ConclusionWe discuss the potential targets in the central nervous system and new modalities for the treatment of voiding dysfunction. Neurourol. Urodynam. 33:59–66, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Aspects of short‐term probabilistic blending in different weather regimes
Authors: Kober K. , Craig G. C. , Keil C. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis study explores the potential of regime‐dependent approaches to improve short‐range precipitation forecasts. Probabilistic forecasts have been generated from the radar nowcaster Radar Tracking and Monitoring (Rad‐TRAM) and the convection‐permitting weather prediction model of the Consortium for Small‐scale Modeling, Deutscher Wetterdienst (COSMO‐DE) using the neighbourhood method for a 99 day period during summer 2009. The convective adjustment time‐scale was used to classify the days of the investigated period into stratiform, equilibrium and non‐equilibrium convection regimes. The COSMO‐DE forecasts were calibrated using the reliability diagram method and blended with the nowcasts using an additive weighting, where the weighting function varies with lead time according to the time evolution of the conditional square root of ranked probability score (CSRR). The examination of two case studies showed large differences in the calibration and weighting functions for different regimes. Over the entire period, regime‐dependent calibration was found to produce large improvements in reliability in comparison with the uncalibrated forecasts; however, the results were only modestly better than with a single calibration function. The blending procedure successfully combined the nowcast and forecast information, in the sense that the blended forecast was as good as either of the two components, but there was no further gain expected from regime‐dependent weighting if regime‐dependent calibration had already been performed.
Interaction of a tropical cyclone with a high‐amplitude, midlatitude wave pattern: Waviness analysis, trough deformation and track bifurcation
Authors: Riemer Michael , Jones Sarah C. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAn idealized scenario of extratropical transition (ET) is investigated, in which a tropical cyclone interacts with a high‐amplitude, upper‐level wave pattern and well‐developed surface cyclones. Early during the interaction, the external forcing of the upper‐level wave by theETsystem is quantified based on a metric for the waviness of the midlatitude flow. Local amplification of the wave pattern is diagnosed, associated prominently with the trough downstream ofET. This amplified trough, however, exhibits pronounced anticyclonic breaking and thus, in contrast to many previousETstudies, it is not clear that the amplification of the upper‐level wave propagates into the farther downstream region. Subsequently, theETsystem merges with the upstream cyclone. The upstream trough undergoes strong deformation and cyclonic breaking associated with straining due to the cyclonic circulation of theETsystem. With the decay of this trough, theETsystem weakens considerably and the upper‐level wave pattern changes locally to a zonal flow orientation. This zonal flow pattern then extends into the downstream region and promotes the decay of the downstream baroclinic systems.As in previous studies, the evolution ofETexhibits large sensitivity to the initial location of the tropical cyclone. Examining the steering flow's topology, i.e. identifying the stagnation points and the streamlines emanating from these points, helps to identify three different regimes: a no‐ETregime and twoETregimes reminiscent of the northwest and northeast patterns, respectively, introduced previously by Harret al.. A stagnation point located on the axis of the upstream trough governs the bifurcation into no‐ETandETregimes. A stagnation point located on the axis of the downstream ridge governs the bifurcation into northwest and northeast patterns.