bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dissolution and Separation of Wood Biopolymers Using Ionic Liquids
Authors: Muhammad Nawshad , Man Zakaria , Mutalib M. I. Abdul , Bustam Mohamad Azmi , Wilfred Cecilia D. , Khan Amir Sada , Ullah Zahoor , Gonfa Girma , Nasrullah Asma 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe majority of the world energy needs have been supplied from petroleum resources. While they are an efficient energy provider, their usage has caused pollution problems that warrant the need to search for efficient and cleaner energy sources. The ever growing global demand of energy and the concerns for the environment have prompted researchers to develop convenient and efficient ways to convert biomass into valuable chemicals, bio‐fuels, and useful biomaterials. This review focuses on the application of ionic liquids for the dissolution of wood biomass and wood‐derived compounds. The factors which affect the dissolution of cellulose and lignin in ionic liquids are described as well as the effects of ionic liquids on the physical properties of cellulose. The use of ionic liquids alone or in combination with other co‐solvent systems which help in the fractionation of wood biomass are discussed. Additionally, the cost economic aspects of ionic liquid applications are highlighted.
Amplatzer duct occluder ii for closure of congenital Gerbode defects
Authors: Vijayalakshmi I.B. , Natraj Setty H.S. , Chitra Narasimhan , Manjunath Cholenahally N. 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundCongenital left ventricle to right atrial communications (Gerbode defects) are extremely rare (0.08%) type of ventricular septal defects. They were traditionally closed by surgery in the past. There are few case reports and small series of acquired and congenital Gerbode defects, closed with various types of devices. Aim of our study is to assess the feasibility, efficacy, and complications of transcatheter closure of congenital Gerbode defects with Amplatzer duct occluder II (ADO II).MaterialTwelve consecutive cases of Gerbode defects, age ranging from 10 months to 16 years (mean 6.7 years), weight ranging from 6.5 kg to 34 kg (mean 19.3 kg), were diagnosed on transthoracic echocardiography. Results: Transcatheter closure of Gerbode defects was done successfully through retrograde approach with ADO II. No aortic or tricuspid regurgitation or residual shunt occurred in any of the patients. One patient developed transient complete heart block needing temporary pacing.DiscussionThe soft low profile, easily trackable ADO II appears to be ideal for closure of Gerbode defects, as the central cylinder fits in the defect and the soft retention discs on either side, without polyester material, do not impinge on either aortic, mitral, or tricuspid valve. We report the successful transcatheter closure of twelve cases of congenital Gerbode defects with ADO II. Conclusions: Transcatheter closure of congenital Gerbode defects with ADO II is safe, effective, and an attractive alternative to surgical closure. ADO II appears to be tailor made for Gerbode defects, as the success rate is very high and complication rate is very low. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sequential Modeling of Heavy Liquid Fuel Combustion in a Fluidized Bed
Authors: Yousefifar Azadeh , Sotudeh‐Gharebagh Rahmat , Mostoufi Navid , Mohtasebi Seyed Saeid 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA sequential model involving hydrodynamic and reaction sub‐models is developed to predict the fluidized‐bed reactor performance for the combustion of heavy liquid fuels. The hydrodynamic sub‐model is based on the modified two‐phase theory and the reaction sub‐model is adopted from the literature. Modeling is performed in a dense bed zone and two types of bubbles, namely distributor bubbles and jet bubbles are considered. Results of the model are presented in terms of combustion efficiency and exhaust emission concentrations. The effect of various factors on these two parameters is investigated. The model is validated with experimental data reported in literature and a close agreement is observed between calculated and experimental values. The proposed model can be applied for simulation of nonideal fluidized‐bed combustors using heavy liquid fuels in industrial process simulators.
Development of Micro Separation Technology Modules. Part 1: Liquid‐Liquid Extraction
Authors: Wellsandt Tim , Stanisch Benjamin , Strube Jochen 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWhile devices based on micro effects are increasingly accepted in reaction engineering, there is still no breakthrough for separation applications like liquid‐liquid extraction (LLE). This situation results from process design concepts which rely mostly on empirical work, involving high experimental effort and cost. Additionally, the limited throughput potential, mostly caused by complex fluid dynamics and difficult phase separation, is problematic. In this work the current state and potential of micro technology for LLE is discussed based on literature data. Afterwards, process simulations with a distributed plug flow model are used to access the specific advantages of this technology and to identify critical process parameters.
Electro‐Assisted Reduction of CO2 to CO and Formaldehyde by (TOA)6[α‐SiW11O39Co(_)] Polyoxometalate
Authors: Girardi Marcelo , Blanchard Sébastien , Griveau Sophie , Simon Philippe , Fontecave Marc , Bedioui Fethi , Proust Anna 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe report here on the multiproton‐multielectron electrochemical reduction of CO2 in homogeneous solution by using (TOA)6[α‐SiW11O39Co(_)] (TOA = tetraoctyl ammonium; _ = vacant position in the coordination sphere of Co) as an electrocatalyst. First, the electrochemical behavior of (TOA)6[α‐SiW11O39Co(_)] was analyzed in detail by cyclic voltammetry in dichloromethane, studying the influence of the presence of protons and/or CO2. These preliminary results were further used to optimize the conditions of electrolysis in terms of reduction potentials. Analysis of the electrolysis products in the gas and liquid phases show the formation of CO and HCHO without formation of H2. Our results tend to show that the (TOA)6[α‐SiW11O39Co(_)] polyoxometalate is a catalyst for CO2 electroreduction, with unique selectivity.
Synthesis and Characterization of α‐­NiMoO4 Nanorods for Supercapacitor ­Application
Authors: Jothi Palani Raja , Shanthi Kannan , Salunkhe Rahul R. , Pramanik Malay , Malgras Victor , Alshehri Saad M. , Yamauchi Yusuke 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe report the synthesis of electrode materials based on one‐dimensional α‐NiMoO4 nanorods for application as a supercapacitor. The structure and morphology of the electrodes were characterized by powder X‐ray diffraction, Raman analysis, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The maximum specific capacitance obtained from electrochemical measurements on a standard three‐electrode system was 730 F g–1 at a scan rate of 5 mV s–1. Furthermore, an asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) was fabricated in which the NiMoO4 nanorods were used as the positive electrode and reduced graphene oxide was used as the negative electrode. The maximum specific energy obtained from the ASC study was 12.31 Wh kg–1 at a specific current of 0.5 A g–1 in an aqueous KOH electrolyte. This ASC cell showed good stability with 85 % capacitance retention up to 2000 cycles. These results reveal that our ASC shows a high performance and specific energy as well as good cycling stability.
Synthesis of Diverse 6‐Oxa‐allocolchicinoids by a Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling, Acid‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Transacetali­zation Strategy
Authors: Yadav Dharmendra B. , Taleli Lebusetsa , van der Westhuyzen Alet E. , Fernandes Manuel A. , Dragoun Maxim , Prokop Aram , Schmalz Hans‐Günther , de Koning Charles B. , van Otterlo Willem A. L. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe synthesis of allocolchicine analogues is of importance as these compounds have been found to possess promising anticancer activity by affecting tubulin polymerization. In this paper, the synthesis of 28 novel substituted 6‐oxa‐allocolchicinoids is reported. The key steps involved in the synthesis were a Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction, followed by an acid‐catalyzed intramolecular transacetalization to afford the desired 5‐alkoxy‐5,7‐dihydrodibenzo[c,e]oxepines. In addition, when thiophenol and phenol were used in the transacetalization step, the 5‐(phenylsulfanyl)‐5,7‐dihydrodibenzo[c,e]oxepine and 4‐(5,7‐dihydrodibenzo[c,e]oxepin‐5‐yl)phenol skeletons were obtained, respectively. The cytotoxicity of the synthetic compounds was unfortunately not impressive; however, one of the compounds was shown to sensitize vincristine‐resistant leukemia and lymphoma cells to vincristine, a result vindicating further synthetic studies.
Two‐Step Synthesis of Blue Luminescent (Pyrrol‐3‐yl)‐1H‐(aza)indazoles Based on a Three‐Component Coupling–Cyclocondensation Sequence
Authors: Nordmann Jan , Eierhoff Svenja , Denißen Melanie , Mayer Bernhard , Müller Thomas J. J. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract(Pyrrol‐3‐yl)‐1H‐(aza)indazoles can be efficiently prepared by a two‐step process that consists of a consecutive three‐component coupling–cyclocondensation synthesis to give ortho‐halo‐3‐acylpyrrol‐3‐yl‐substituted (hetero)arenes followed by a cyclization–condensation–SNAr sequence. Almost all derivatives display an intense blue emission upon excitation in the near UV with enormous Stokes shifts (6500–8300 cm–1) and considerable high fluorescence quantum yields (Φf = 0.28–0.46). Electronic transitions can be plausibly rationalized by TD‐DFT computations performed on DFT‐optimized geometries. Reversible protonation leads to static fluorescence quenching in narrow pH‐ranges, which qualifies the title compounds as favorable ON/OFF fluorescence switching systems.
First Total Synthesis of Ganglioside GAA‐7 from Starfish Asterias amurensis versi­color
Authors: Tamai Hideki , Imamura Akihiro , Ogawa Junya , Ando Hiromune , Ishida Hideharu , Kiso Makoto 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe first total synthesis of neuritogenic ganglioside GAA‐7 was achieved using the glucosyl ceramide (Glc‐Cer) cassette approach. The stereocenter triad within the ceramide moiety of the target molecule was efficiently established from D‐lyxose. The assembly of the ceramide moiety was followed by glycosylation with glucosyl donors to give Glc‐Cer cassettes, which underwent conjugation with the oligosaccharide moiety, followed by global deprotection. By using the most suitable Glc‐Cer cassette, the target molecule was successfully synthesized. In vitro evaluation indicated that the synthesized GAA‐7 and its glycan moiety both showed strong neuritogenic activity towards neuron‐like rat adrenal pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells in the presence of neurite growth factor.
Why Health Care Is Going Green
Authors: Sadler Blair L 
Published: July 2015

AbstractTen years ago, when I was president and chief executive officer of Rady Children's Hospital in San Diego, if you had asked me about our commitment to environmental sustainability or about the hospital's carbon footprint, I would have given you a blank look. The issues were simply not on my radar screen. And that was true of most health care leaders.The good news? Environmental sustainability is becoming a health care priority, and exciting progress is occurring. In Greening Health Care: How Hospitals Can Heal the Planet, Kathy Gerwig eloquently relates how one leading large health care system, Kaiser Permanente, achieved remarkable results in responding to the environmental health challenge over the past several years.
Investigation of ifosfamide and chloroacetaldehyde renal toxicity through integration of in vitro liver–kidney microfluidic data and pharmacokinetic‐system biology models
Authors: Leclerc Eric , Hamon Jeremy , Bois Frederic Yves 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe have integrated in vitro and in silico data to describe the toxicity of chloroacetaldehyde (CAA) on renal cells via its production from the metabolism of ifosfamide (IFO) by hepatic cells. A pharmacokinetic (PK) model described the production of CAA by the hepatocytes and its transport to the renal cells. A system biology model was coupled to the PK model to describe the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by CAA in the renal cells. In response to the ROS production, the metabolism of glutathione (GSH) and its depletion were modeled by the action of an NFE2L2 gene‐dependent pathway. The model parameters were estimated in a Bayesian context via Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulations based on microfluidic experiments and literature in vitro data. Hepatic IFO and CAA in vitro intrinsic clearances were estimated to be 1.85 x 10‐9 μL s–1 cell–1 and 0.185 x 10‐9 μL s–1 cell–1,respectively (corresponding to an in vivo intrinsic IFO clearance estimate of 1.23 l h–1, to be compared to IFO published values ranging from 3 to 10 l h–1). After model calibration, simulations made at therapeutic doses of IFO showed CAA renal intracellular concentrations ranging from 11 to 131 μM. Intracellular CAA concentrations above 70 μM induced intense ROS production and GSH depletion. Those responses were time and dose dependent, showing transient and non‐linear kinetics. Those results are in agreement with literature data reporting that intracellular CAA toxic concentrations range from 35 to 320 μM, after therapeutic ifosfamide dosing. The results were also consistent with in vitro CAA renal cytotoxicity data. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development and Validation of an Algorithm to Identify Planned Readmissions From Claims Data
Authors: Horwitz Leora I. , Grady Jacqueline N. , Cohen Dorothy B. , Lin Zhenqiu , Volpe Mark , Ngo Chi K. , Masica Andrew L. , Long Theodore , Wang Jessica , Keenan Megan , Montague Julia , Suter Lisa G. , Ross Joseph S. , Drye Elizabeth E. , Krumholz Harlan M. , Bernheim Susannah M. 
Published: July 2015

BACKGROUNDIt is desirable not to include planned readmissions in readmission measures because they represent deliberate, scheduled care.OBJECTIVESTo develop an algorithm to identify planned readmissions, describe its performance characteristics, and identify improvements.DESIGNConsensus‐driven algorithm development and chart review validation study at 7 acute‐care hospitals in 2 health systems.PATIENTSFor development, all discharges qualifying for the publicly reported hospital‐wide readmission measure. For validation, all qualifying same‐hospital readmissions that were characterized by the algorithm as planned, and a random sampling of same‐hospital readmissions that were characterized as unplanned.MEASUREMENTSWe calculated weighted sensitivity and specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the algorithm (version 2.1), compared to gold standard chart review.RESULTSIn consultation with 27 experts, we developed an algorithm that characterizes 7.8% of readmissions as planned. For validation we reviewed 634 readmissions. The weighted sensitivity of the algorithm was 45.1% overall, 50.9% in large teaching centers and 40.2% in smaller community hospitals. The weighted specificity was 95.9%, positive predictive value was 51.6%, and negative predictive value was 94.7%. We identified 4 minor changes to improve algorithm performance. The revised algorithm had a weighted sensitivity 49.8% (57.1% at large hospitals), weighted specificity 96.5%, positive predictive value 58.7%, and negative predictive value 94.5%. Positive predictive value was poor for the 2 most common potentially planned procedures: diagnostic cardiac catheterization (25%) and procedures involving cardiac devices (33%).CONCLUSIONSAn administrative claims‐based algorithm to identify planned readmissions is feasible and can facilitate public reporting of primarily unplanned readmissions. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2015;10:670–677. © 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Profiling the Heritage Experience in Macao's Historic Center
Authors: Suntikul Wantanee , Jachna Timothy 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis paper applies Pine and Gilmore's four realms of experience – Esthetic, Escapism, Entertainment and Education – to investigate Macao's Historic Center in terms of the experience value attached to different heritage sites by tourists, with implications for understanding the experience profile of heritage tourism sites in general. The research is based on a survey of 700 tourists. Dominant experience profiles for the sites, which differ from that of the Historic Center as a whole, are identified and discussed, as are the implications of specific synergies identified between different dimensions of the experience of these heritage sites. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Late tracheotomy is associated with higher morbidity and mortality in mechanically ventilated patients
Authors: Patel Sapna A. , Plowman Emily K. , Halum Stacey , Merati Albert L. , Sardesai Maya G. 
Published: July 2015

Objectives/HypothesisTo determine whether the timing of tracheotomy placement impacts ventilation weaning status and mortality.Study DesignMulti‐institution retrospective cohort study.MethodsDemographic data, procedural details, and clinical outcomes were recorded for patients undergoing tracheotomy for prolonged mechanical ventilation across eight sites. The study group was divided into two groups: those undergoing tracheotomy within 14 days of initiation of mechanical ventilation and those undergoing tracheotomy at or after 14 days. Groups were compared for primary outcome measures of mortality and ability to wean from mechanical ventilation within the study period.ResultsOf the 539 patients intubated for ventilator dependence with complete data available, 280 (51.9%) underwent tracheotomy within 14 days. Patients who underwent late tracheotomy were 1.72 times more likely to remain ventilator dependent during the follow‐up period (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12‐2.66), and had a 40% increased risk of death (odds ratio: 1.4, 95% CI: 0.96‐1.99).ConclusionsIn this multicenter retrospective review of tracheotomy outcomes, late tracheotomy placement (>14 days) was associated with increased mortality and prolonged ventilator dependence. Standardized multidisciplinary management protocols for prolonged mechanical ventilation are recommended, and future work should confirm these results in a prospective manner.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 125:2134–2138, 2015
Past, Present, and Future of Gay and Lesbian Consumer Research: Critical Review of the Quest for the Queer Dollar
Authors: Ginder Whitney , Byun Sang‐Eun 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThis article provides a comprehensive, interdisciplinary review of the extant literature regarding the gay and lesbian consumer market. Through the critical review of 38 scholarly, peer‐reviewed articles, four primary streams of research are identified, and the significant findings and avenues for future academic inquiry are highlighted. Additionally, this review identifies the research trends in terms of publications, theoretical approaches, research design, and methodology spanning from the earliest publication in 1993 to 2013. This study provides important theoretical and managerial implications to inform business practice, public policy, and future scholarly research.
Transformations of node‐balanced routing problems
Authors: Martinez‐Sykora Antonio , Bektaş Tolga 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis article describes a polynomial transformation for a class of unit‐demand vehicle routing problems, named node‐balanced routing problems (BRP), where the number of nodes on each route is restricted to be in an interval such that the workload across the routes is balanced. The transformation is general in that it can be applied to single or multiple depot, homogeneous or heterogeneous fleet BRPs, and any combination thereof. At the heart of the procedure lies transforming the BRP into a generalized traveling salesman problem (TSP), which can then be transformed into a TSP. The transformed graph exhibits special properties which can be exploited to significantly reduce the number of arcs, and used to construct a formulation for the resulting TSP that amounts to no more than that of a constrained assignment problem. Computational results on a number of instances are presented. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 62: 370–387, 2015
IFS: Intelligent flow sampling for network security–an adaptive approach
Authors: Bartos Karel , Rehak Martin 
Published: July 2015

SummaryIn order to cope with an increasing volume of network traffic, flow sampling methods are deployed to reduce the volume of log data stored for monitoring, attack detection and forensic purposes. Sampling frequently changes the statistical properties of the data and can reduce the effectiveness of subsequent analysis or processing. We propose two concepts that mitigate the negative impact of sampling on the data. Late sampling is based on a simple idea that the features used by the analytic algorithms can be extracted before the sampling and attached to the surviving flows. The surviving flows thus carry the representation of the original statistical distribution in these attached features. The second concept we introduce is that of adaptive sampling. Adaptive sampling deliberatively skews the distribution of the surviving data to over‐represent the rare flows or flows with rare feature values. This preserves the variability of the data and is critical for the analysis of malicious traffic, such as the detection of stealthy, hidden threats. Our approach has been extensively validated on standard NetFlow data, as well as on HTTP proxy logs that approximate the use‐case of enriched IPFIX for the network forensics. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Social networks and social norms are associated with obesity treatment outcomes
Authors: Leahey Tricia M. , Doyle Caroline Y. , Xu Xiaomeng , Bihuniak Jessica , Wing Rena R. 
Published: July 2015

ObjectiveTo examine whether overweight social network members and normative influence for obesity are associated with weight loss outcomes during obesity treatment.MethodsParticipants (N = 214) in a behavioral weight loss trial reported (a) the weight status of various members of their social network and (b) the level of obesogenic normative influence within their social network. Weight was objectively assessed before and after treatment.ResultsAt baseline, participants with partners and best friends who were overweight and those with more children and relatives who were overweight had higher BMIs (P's < 0.03). However, social norms for obesity were not associated with baseline BMI. During treatment, participants lost an average of 4.4% of initial body weight, and social influence factors were adversely associated with weight loss outcomes. Having more casual friends who were overweight at baseline and being part of a social network with stronger social norms for unhealthy eating predicted poorer weight losses (P's < 0.023). Remaining social influence factors and changes in social influence were not associated with treatment outcomes.ConclusionsWhereas weight status may “cluster” in social networks, only weight status of casual friends and normative influence for unhealthy eating were associated with obesity treatment outcomes.