bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical and ballistic studies of boron carbide filler reinforced glass fiber composites
Authors: Dharani Kumar S. , Magarajan U. , Kumar Saurabh S. , Prabhu Loganathan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOwing to the outstanding properties of boron carbide (B4C) particles, material researchers have shown potential in filler‐reinforced polymer composites. The present work studied the implication of B4C fillers on the mechanical and ballistic properties of glass fiber epoxy reinforced composites. Two different weight percentages of 2 and 4 wt% B4C fillers were used to modify the epoxy resin. The composite samples with glass fabric woven were made through compression molding. The results show that the tensile, flexural, interlaminar, impact strength and hardness of glass fiber composite were improved by addition of 2 wt% of B4C. The high‐velocity ballistic tests were conducted on the unfilled and B4C filler‐reinforced composites using a 9 mm parabellum projectile with an initial striking of 372 ± 15 m/s. The least back face signature (BFS) and highest specific energy absorption (SEA) were observed for 2 wt% B4C filler composite. Adding B4C filler enhanced matrix toughening and interfacial bonding between fiber and matrix. Matrix cracking and fiber breakage result in the least ballistic resistance for unfilled composite. Fracture behavior was studied on tensile, impact, and ballistic‐tested samples using scanning electron microscopy. The fractured surfaces of filler‐reinforced composite demonstrated good interfacial bonding, matrix hardening, and fiber pullouts.Highlights
The addition of B4C with epoxy up to 2 wt% improves the mechanical and ballistic properties of the composites.
The least back face signature and highest specific energy absorption were observed for 2 wt% B4C filler composite.
B4C filler enhanced matrix toughening and interfacial bonding between fiber and matrix.
Failure of unfilled glass fiber composites is a combination of matrix cracking, fiber pullout, and interface debonding.
CaO‐catalyzed simplified synthesis of fully bio‐based self‐cross‐linkable MB‐polyether ether ketone toward waterborne carbon fiber sizing agent to enhance the interfacial properties and solvent‐resistance of carbon fiber/polyether ether ketone composites
Authors: Guo Jiaming , Ma Yan , Yuan Jingyan , Wu Yuanqi , Du Weifeng , Zhuang Hailin , Li Dongfeng , Liu Liu , Ao Yuhui , Liu Yu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSizing treatment stands out as an indispensable part of actual carbon fiber reinforced polyether ether ketone (CF/PEEK) production for its simple operation and distinct enhancement effects, and the recently reported novel waterborne self‐cross‐linkable PEEK derivative sizing agents have achieved tremendous attentions for bolstering interfacial bonding for CF/PEEK. Nevertheless, the key polymer‐precursors utilized in the related waterborne self‐cross‐linkable PEEK researches to date are majority rely on petroleum‐based reagents and prepared through cumbersome and toxic catalytic systems, which have become a bottleneck of its future developments. In this research, a simple and sustainable‐minded approach was performed utilizing fully biogenic‐sourced materials. Specifically, magnolol and 2,5‐furandicarboxylic‐acid derived 2,5‐bis(4‐fluorobenzoyl)‐furan were utilized to elaborate a self‐cross‐linkable MB‐PEEK. Notably, the incorporation of CaO as catalyst, possessing excellent water absorption properties, allowed for eliminating the highly toxic azeotropic solvent, thereby achieving a simple and green synthetic process. The fastidiously designed full‐bio‐based self‐cross‐linkable MB‐PEEK sizing agent conspicuously boosted the interfacial performances of CF/PEEK. Noteworthy, the inherent mechanism during the processing stage of CF‐(MB‐PEEK)/PEEK encompass a self‐crosslinking of allyl groups of magnolol toward stable crosslinked structures with an unparalleled resistance to solvents and unorthodox robustness to interphase. Among them, the interfacial and interlaminar shear strength of sized‐CF/PEEK were improved by 65.71% and 55.09%. Notably, even after enduring 3 days of solvent aging, the mechanical integrity preserved at approximately 93%. Our study presents a straightforward and green approach for production of sustainable waterborne sizing agent with outstanding properties that show excellent enhancement effect in interfacial performance and solvent‐resistance in CF/PEEK.Highlights
A full‐bio‐based cross‐linkable MB‐PEEK sizing agents for CF/PEEK were prepared.
Magnolol and 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid were employed to substituted the petroleum‐based reagent.
The green catalyst CaO was used to replace the poisonous catalyst systems.
The ILSS, IFSS, and bending strength were significantly increased by 55.09%, 65.71%, and 34.14%.
Treated composites remained over 93% of properties after a week solvent corrosion.
Development of novel sustainable biocomposite from polycaprolactone and Sesbania rostrata fiber
Authors: Krishnan Raja , Muthusamy Kathirselvam , Shanmugam Senthil Kumar Marudhamuthu , Kadhiresan Santhanam 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAn efficient method to accelerate the use of polymer composites is to focus on their development as environmentally friendly materials that can naturally break down without causing any harm to the ecosystem. Hence, the primary aim of this study is to develop a biocomposite material through the fusion of Sesbania rostrata (SRF) bark fibers and the polycaprolactone (PCL) biopolymer. Various percentages (10, 15, 20, and 25 wt.%) of untreated and sodium bicarbonate‐treated SRF were incorporated into polycaprolactone to create the biocomposite samples. The composite panels were made using the compressing molding technique. Several tests were performed on the samples, such as mechanical, thermal, water absorption, wear, and morphological tests. Research has demonstrated that the strength of biocomposites composed of 20% chemically treated SRF and PCL is superior to that of other mixed materials. The thermal properties of the biocomposite remained unchanged when untreated fibers were included, but they improved when treated fibers were included. Higher water absorption properties are attributed to an increased fiber volume fraction in the biocomposites, while chemically treated fibers exhibit a notable improvement in water resistance. The wear test results indicate that the weight loss of the biocomposites is mainly influenced by the contact temperature and adhesion between the SRF surface and the PCL matrix. When examining the fractured biocomposites with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), it becomes evident that the primary reasons for failure are fiber pull‐out, debonding, and agglomeration.Highlights
SR Natural fiber is chemically treated by eco‐friendly sodium bicarbonate.
The treated SRF‐reinforced composites had best mechanical property.
The treated SRF‐reinforced composites showed less water absorption.
The composite mechanical and thermal properties had dropdown at 25 wt.% SRF.
The addition of SRF reduced the weight loss of composites on wear test.
A strategy to distinguish similar traditional Chinese medicines by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, electronic senses, and gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry: Marsdeniae tenacissimae Caulis and Paederiae scandens Caulis as examples
Authors: Wang Jia‐Wei , Pei Zhi‐Dong , Chen Yue‐Hua , Li Si‐Yu , Wang Tian‐Min , Kang Ting‐Guo , Li Na , Song Ya‐Mei , Song Hui‐Peng , Zhang Hui 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionMarsdeniae tenacissimae Caulis (MTC), a popular traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely used in the treatment of tumor diseases. Paederiae scandens Caulis (PSC), which is similar in appearance to MTC, is a common counterfeit product. It is difficult for traditional methods to effectively distinguish between MTC and PSC. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a rapid and accurate method to identify MTC and PSC.ObjectivesThe aim is to distinguish between MTC and PSC by analyzing the differences in nonvolatile organic compounds (NVOCs), taste, odor, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs).MethodsLiquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) was utilized to analyze the NVOCs of MTC and PSC. Electronic tongue (E‐tongue) and electronic nose (E‐nose) were used to analyze their taste and odor respectively. Gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry (GC‐IMS) was applied to analyze VOCs. Finally, multivariate statistical analyses were conducted to further investigate the differences between MTC and PSC, including principal component analysis, orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis, discriminant factor analysis, and soft independent modeling of class analysis.ResultsThe results of this study indicate that the integrated strategy of LC‐MS, E‐tongue, E‐nose, GC‐IMS, and multivariate statistical analysis can be effectively applied to distinguish between MTC and PSC. Using LC‐MS, 25 NVOCs were identified in MTC, while 18 NVOCs were identified in PSC. The major compounds in MTC are steroids, while the major compounds in PSC are iridoid glycosides. Similarly, the distinct taste difference between MTC and PSC was precisely revealed by the E‐tongue. Specifically, the pronounced bitterness in PSC was proven to stem from iridoid glycosides, whereas the bitterness evident in MTC was intimately tied to steroids. The E‐nose detected eight odor components in MTC and six in PSC, respectively. The subsequent statistical analysis uncovered notable differences in their odor profiles. GC‐IMS provided a visual representation of the differences in VOCs between MTC and PSC. The results indicated a relatively high relative content of 82 VOCs in MTC, contrasted with 32 VOCs exhibiting a similarly high relative content in PSC.ConclusionIn this study, for the first time, the combined use of LC‐MS, E‐tongue, E‐nose, GC‐IMS, and multivariate statistical analysis has proven to be an effective method for distinguishing between MTC and PSC from multiple perspectives. This approach provides a valuable reference for the identification of other visually similar traditional Chinese medicines.
Identification and Manipulation of Atomic Polarization Moments for Nonlinear Magneto‐Optical Rotation Atomic Magnetometers
Authors: Chai Yanchao , Jiang Liwei , Liu Jiali , Zhao Xin , Tian Mengnan , Lu Zhenglong , Lei Xusheng , Wang Zhuo , Quan Wei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPolarization moments play a crucial role in measuring magnetic fields for nonlinear magneto‐optical rotation (NMOR) atomic magnetometers. However, it is challenging to distinguish between each polarization moment and evaluate its effect on the magnetic resonance response signal in an alkali vapor cell with buffer gas. To address this issue, a method is proposed to identify different polarization moments through the frequency shift of the magnetic resonance response signal. The proportion of each polarization moment is determined, and it is demonstrated that the magnetic resonance response signal is affected by the hexadecapole moment, resulting in a frequency shift and a decrease in signal amplitude. To mitigate this effect, an approach is investigated to manipulate the polarization moments by flipping the phase of the pump light. Ultimately, a 15.19% increase in response amplitude is achieved in the simulated geomagnetic environment within the magnetic shield barrel. The theory and method presented here provide strong support for the study of the polarization moments in an alkali vapor cell with buffer gas, which potentially enhance the performance of NMOR atomic magnetometers.
Vapor‐Tailored Nanojunctions in Ultraporous ZnO Nanoparticle Networks for Superior UV Photodetection
Authors: Huang Jeff , Chen Xiaohu , Huang Shujuan , Nasiri Noushin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHigh quality nanojunctions are known to effectively improve the conductivity and structural robustness of ultraporous nanoparticle networks, surpassing the performance of natural van der Waals interfaces. Nevertheless, the traditional approach of forming these junctions by thermal annealing is incompatible with thermolabile polymers and slender metal electrodes found in modern wearable technologies. Herein, we present a low temperature, solvent vapor‐based method to rapidly elicit high‐quality metal‐oxide nanojunctions in a fast, effortless, inexpensive, and easily scalable process; capable of generating necked interparticle interfaces in a matter of minutes. When applied to ultraporous‐based ZnO Ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors, the vapor‐tailoring process produces an incredible 128,000‐fold improvement in responsivity (6.6 A.W−1) over untreated structures (51.2 µA.W−1), and a 5300‐fold improvement in responsivity over thermally annealed structures; all while maintaining exceptionally low dark currents of 140 pA at a low bias voltage of 1 V. Most importantly, the exceptional performance enabled by room temperature synthesis suggests high potential adaptability of this process toward wearable UV sensors, shedding lights on the strategy of modifying weakly bonded porous nanostructures for improved physical properties.
Synergistically Utilizing a Liquid Bridge and Interconnected Porous Superhydrophilic Structures to Achieve a One‐Step Fog Collection Mode
Authors: Chen Mingshuo , Sun Wei , Liu Hongtao , Luo Qiang , Wang Yining , Huan Jinmu , Hou Yongping , Zheng Yongmei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractConventional fog collection efficiency is subject to the inherent inefficiencies of its three constituent steps: fog capture, coalescence, and transportation. This study presents a liquid bridge synergistic fog collection system (LSFCS) by synergistically utilizing a liquid bridge and interconnected porous superhydrophilic structures (IPHS). The results indicate that the introduction of liquid bridge not only greatly accelerates water droplet transportation, but also facilitates the IPHS in maintaining rough structures that realize stable and efficient fog capture. During fog collection, the lower section of the IPHS is covered by a water layer, however due to the effect of the liquid bridge, the upper section protrudes out, while covered by a connective thin water film that does not obscure the microstructures of the upper section. Under these conditions, a one‐step fog collection mode is realized. Once captured by the IPHS, fog droplets immediately coalesce with the water film, and are simultaneously transported into a container under the effect of the liquid bridge. The LSFCS achieves a collection efficiency of 6.5 kg m−2 h−1, 2.3 times that of a system without a liquid bridge. This study offers insight on improving fog collection efficiency, and holds promise for condensation water collection or droplet manipulation.
Entropy‐Dominated Triplet Exciton Emission in Carbon Dots
Authors: Xiang Zhi‐Yu , Cao Qing , Hu Yan‐Wei , Song Shi‐Yu , Zhou Ying , Gao Chao‐Jun , Shan Chong‐Xin , Liu Kai‐Kai 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPhosphorescence in carbon dots (CDs) from triplet exciton radiative recombination at room temperature has achieved significant advancement. Confinement and nanoconfinement, serving as valuable techniques, are commonly utilized to brighten triplet exciton in CDs, thereby enhancing their phosphorescence. However, a comprehensive and universally applicable physical description of confinement‐enhanced phosphorescence is still lacking, despite efforts to understand its underlying nature. In this study, the dominance of entropy is revealed in triplet exciton emission from CDs through the establishment of a microscopic vibration state model. CDs with varying entropy levels are studied, indicating that in a low entropy system, the multi‐energy triplet exciton emission in CDs exhibits enhanced brightness, accompanied by a corresponding increase in their lifetimes. The product of lifetime and intensity in CDs serves as a descriptor for their phosphorescence properties. Moreover, an entropy‐dependent information variation system based on the CDs is demonstrated. Specifically, in a low‐entropy system, information is retained, whereas the corresponding information is erased in a high‐entropy system. This work elucidates the underlying physical nature of confinement‐enhanced triplet exciton emission, offering a deeper understanding of achieving ultralong phosphorescence in the future.
Tri‐Step Water‐Assisted Strategy for Suppressing Cs4PbBr6 Phase in Printable Carbon‐Based CsPbBr3 Solar Cells to Achieve High Stability
Authors: Cen Ronghao , Shao Wu , Wu Wenjun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOften deemed the “natural nemesis” of perovskites, water molecules have been largely circumvented by the majority of researchers in the field of perovskite solar cells. This has resulted in significant hurdles in investigating the beneficial impacts of water molecules on perovskite crystallization. Herein, it is found that by utilizing ethanol with minimal water content and subjecting all‐inorganic perovskite to three distinct annealing temperatures within the same solvent, the residual CsBr can be effectively removed, and the formation of the Cs4PbBr6 phase can be curtailed. By selecting an optimal water content, substantial improvements are observed in the crystalline quality of CsPbBr3, the perovskite/carbon interface, and the mesoporous filling effect. The Urbach energy (Eu) is reduced from 38.96 to 35.59 meV, and the defect density decreased from 4.16 × 1014 to 3.39 × 1014 cm−3. As a result, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) improved from 7.55% in the control group to 9.37%. Under severe environmental conditions with a temperature (T) of 85 °C and a relative humidity (RH) of 40%, tracking tests over 1200 h retained 89.3% of the initial PCE. This research signifies a breakthrough in the fabrication of highly stable and efficient all‐inorganic printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cells.
Integrating Polyoxometalates and Silver Clusters into Atomically Precise Molecular Heterojunction
Authors: Wang Jia‐Qi , Zhou Meng‐Qi , Yang Di‐Feng , Cai Li‐Hong , Xiang Shengchang , Fan Xi , Zhang Jindan , Zhang Zhangjing 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Ag cluster–POM assemblies have been shown to possess interesting and potentially useful properties. However, there is no precedent example of atomically precise Ag cluster–POM assemblies showing heterojunction effects in photocatalysis. Herein, the synthesis and total structure determination of the periodically distributed molecular heterojunction [Ag12(SCy)6(CH3CN)12(PW12O40)]n (Ag12‐PW12) are reported. The assembly of Ag/W clusters into 3D network can endow the resulting binary structure with an aesthetic topology and unique physicochemical properties. More remarkably, the incorporation of Ag12 cluster with PW12 can efficiently facilitate the separation of photogenerated electrons and holes, thus significantly promoting the catalytic efficiency in selective oxidation of sulfides. The Ag12‐PW12 heterojunction can be recovered and reused five times with no drastic change in the catalytic performance. This research is expected to assist in the rational design of cluster‐based heterojunction catalysts. The increase of catalytic activity of the Ag12‐PW12 assembly in comparison with the unassembled Ag12 and PW12 clusters is attributed to the synergistic effect of Ag12 and PW12 clusters, offering the splendid opportunity for deciphering structure–reactivity relationship of heterostructure‐coupled photosystem.
Vietnamese Insights into Cognitive Aging Program (VIP): Objectives, study design, and cohort description
Authors: Meyer Oanh L. , Farias Sarah Tomaszewski , Whitmer Rachel A. , Kanaya Alka M. , Harvey Danielle , Hinton Ladson , Tiet Quyen Q. , Vuong Quyen , Gavett Brandon , Park Van Ta 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionThere is a dearth of research on cognitive aging and dementia in Asian Americans, particularly in Vietnamese Americans, the fourth largest Asian subgroup in the United States.MethodsThe Vietnamese Insights into Cognitive Aging Program (VIP) investigates early life adversity and war‐related trauma and their associations with cognitive health in a community‐based sample of older Vietnamese Americans in Northern California (i.e., Sacramento and Santa Clara counties). Baseline measurements include a comprehensive neuropsychological battery, including measures of global cognition along with executive function, semantic memory, and episodic memory. Data also include measures of functioning, early life adversity and trauma exposure, and psychosocial and traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors. Cognitive assessments will be repeated twice over the course of the data collection period, approximately 12‐ and 24‐ months post‐baseline. Blood samples collected during Wave 2 will be assayed for biochemical risk factors.ResultsBaseline assessments were conducted from January 2022 to November 2023, with N = 548 Vietnamese Americans; mean age ± SD was 73 ± 5.31 years and 55% of participants were women. There were significant differences in social factors by site, with Santa Clara participants having higher education (some college or higher: Sacramento, ≈25%; Santa Clara: ≈48%) and marginally higher incomes compared to Sacramento participants. A higher percentage of Santa Clara participants reported speaking English well or very well (24%) compared to Sacramento participants (13%), although the majority of the entire sample (81%) reported speaking some to no English (response options: not at all; some/a little bit; well/very well).DiscussionThis longitudinal study providea a unique opportunity to more fully delineate psychosocial factors that contribute to dementia disparities in diverse and under‐engaged populations. Future work will examine cognition, the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment and dementia, and other health outcomes, while controlling for site differences in all analyses.Highlights
Vietnamese Insights into Cognitive Aging Program (VIP) is a new study.
VIP has detailed early life and health data on 548 older Vietnamese Americans.
History of war and trauma may contribute to Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD)–related burden.
VIP may provide insight into ADRD burden in other understudied groups.
Structural Studies of Piperidino‐Alanes with Halide, Amide and Hydride as further Ligands at Aluminum
Authors: Veith Michael , Kirs Tatjana , Morgenstern Bernd , Huch Volker 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNine different derivatives of piperidino alanes of the general formula (CH2)5N‐AlXY [X=Y=Cl (1), Br (2), I (3); X=(CH2)5N, Y=Cl (4), Br (5), I (6); X=H, Y=Cl (7), Br (8), I (9)] have been synthesized and compared with respect to their structures. All molecules form dimers with an Al2N2 central cycle and aluminum and nitrogen atoms in distorted tetrahedral environments as determined from X‐ray diffraction. The three dihalide derivatives 1, 2 and 3 have C2h (2/m) symmetries in solution of which they maintain the Centro symmetry in the crystal lattice. The bis(piperidino) derivatives 4, 5 and 6 have either C1 (1) symmetry with the bridging piperidino cycles oriented in the same direction (4, 5) or Ci (ī) point symmetry as found for 6 (in solution at least one other isomer is present). Whereas the chlorine derivative 7 has crystallographic Ci (ī) symmetry, the bromine 8 has almost C2 and the iodine 9 crystallographic C2 (2) point symmetry. In solution all derivatives 7, 8, 9 show equilibria between cis (C2) and trans (Ci) isomeric forms (27Al NMR). The longest Al−N bond lengths within the rings are found for 5 (1.969(4) Å) and the shortest for 8 (1.940(4) Å). The ratio of Al⋅⋅⋅Al to N⋅⋅⋅N non‐bonding distances in the almost square rings vary with the bulkiness of the terminal ligands at aluminum.