bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in pathological diagnoses between bronchoscopic tissue and resected specimens of non-small cell lung cancer: A retrospective single center study
Authors: Nabe Yusuke , Honda Yohei , Mizuuchi Hiroshi , Inoue Masaaki , Yoshida Junichi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) combination chemotherapy has been used as preoperative and postoperative treatment for resectable non-small cell lung cancer. Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-L1) is a biomarker that predicts the therapeutic effect of ICIs. In lung cancer, it is evaluated using the Tumor Proportion Score. Tumors are heterogeneous, and if the amount of collected tissue is small, the location of the tissue may affect the diagnosis. We evaluated the revision rate of the resected specimens and considered its impact on PD-L1 measurement.
Methods
Over 5 years, 237 cases of non-small cell lung cancer underwent surgery. Of these, 126 cases underwent preoperative bronchoscopy. Bronchoscopy included forceps biopsy, brushing, and bronchoalveolar lavage. Endoscopic ultrasound was used for peripheral lesions. Cases in which cancer was diagnosed from bronchoscopic specimens were considered to have a definitive diagnosis. Simultaneous multiple small cell and non-small cell lung cancer were identified. Cases of small cell lung cancer were excluded from analyses.
Results
Bronchoscopy diagnosed cancer in 45.2% of cases. The revision rate of pathological diagnosis in resected specimens was 10.5%. Cases diagnosed as adenosquamous carcinoma, large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, large cell carcinoma, spindle cell carcinoma, or pleomorphic carcinoma in resected specimens may have been revised from the diagnosis based on preoperative bronchoscopic specimens. In this study, 19.8% of cases were pathological stage 0-IA2 with T factors 2 cm or less, and the diagnostic rate by bronchoscopic examination was low at 16%. PD-L1 testing was measured in 11 cases using bronchoscopic specimens, one of which could not be measured because there was no evaluable tumor.
Conclusions
In this study, the pathological revision rate was 10.5% when comparing preoperative bronchoscopic specimens with resected specimens, which may have had an impact on PD-L1 evaluation.
Prebiotics Ingestion in Relevance to Lactose Intolerance Alleviation
Authors: AbdElSalam Rana , Kiele Viktorija 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Lactose intolerance is a medical condition in which distress is experienced after lactose ingestion due to maldigestion or malabsorption, due to lack of persistent lactase or fermentation rates by gut microbiome that outweigh the colonic capacity to dispose residual fermentation products (He et. al., 2006). Multiple management approaches are applied according to case severity. A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines (Page et. al., 2022), to outline the novel growing interest in fortifying dairy products with prebiotics to enhance the naturally occurring microbiota suggested to aid alleviating gastric distress symptoms. Results showed that prebiotics had a positive effect on symptoms profile, where daily administration of lactose caused significant gut microbiota adaptation, which is the same objective as the previously suggested intervention using probiotics (Deng et. al., 2015). Daily lactulose implementation significantly increased fecal β-galactosidase during lactulose feeding period. Galacto-oligosaccharides were effective for alleviating symptoms while maintaining safety.
Association of the number of days with severe anaemia in the first week with 28-Day mortality in patients with sepsis
Authors: Zeng Qinjing , Zhang Lei , Wu Yongxing , Tang Yonggan , Ma Hongye , Liu Yu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Anemia is a common occurrence during sepsis, however the relationship between the duration of anemia and short-term effect on mortality in septic patients remains unclear. In this retrospective cohort study, the patients with sepsis were included from Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care -IV database.Outcome was 28-day mortality.The main analytical methods utilized in this study were multivariable logistic regression.Sensitivity analysis was used to balance the variables and reduce bias by using propensity score matching (PSM) and excluding special populations.A total of 1335 patients septic patients were included. After adjusting for confounders,the 28-day mortality of septic patients increased with each additional day of severe anemia (hemoglobin < 8g/dl) in the first week of ICU(intensive care unit) admission with an odds ratio(OR) of 1.12 (95% CI [1.05; 1.2],P < 0.001).Furthermore,patients who experienced severe anemia for at least three days had higher 28-day mortality compared to those who experienced severe anemia with less than three days in the first week(OR: 1.59, 95% CI [1.19; 2.11],P=0.002) based on multivariable logistic regression analysis.The results were also robust in sensitivity analyses.A longer duration of severe anemia in the first week may be linked to increased 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis.
Percolative Sulfide Core Formation in Oxidized Planetary Bodies
Authors: Crossley Samuel , Setera Jacob , Anzures Brendan , Iacovino Kayla , Buckley Wayne , Eckley Scott , O'Neal Evan , Maisano Jessica , Simon Justin , Righter Kevin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Models of planetary core formation traditionally involve the fractionation of Fe,Ni-metal melts from silicate mantles after extensive silicate melting. However, in planetary bodies that form farther from their central star, where moderately volatile elements are more abundant, high concentrations of oxygen and sulfur stabilize Fe,Ni-sulfides over metals. Meteorite partial melting experiments show that percolative sulfide melt migration can occur in primitive, oxidized mineral assemblages prior to silicate melting. Complementary partial melting experiments with synthetic sulfides show that fractionation of liquid sulfide from solid residues yields distinct noble metal (Os, Ru, Ir, Pd, and Pt) trace element proportions that match those manifested in the most oxidized meteoritic residues, the brachinites, as well as their complementary basaltic melts. These experiments provide the first reported evidence for percolative sulfide melt fractionation in meteorites and indicate that sulfide-dominated cores would be expected in oxidized planetary bodies as percolative sulfide segregation began at lower temperatures and earlier stages of melting compared to metallic core formation.
Radiomics prediction of operation indication in ulcerative colitis refractory to medical treatment
Authors: Sakamoto Kyoko , Okabayashi Koji , Seishima Ryo , Shigeta Kohei , Kiyohara Hiroki , Mikami Yohei , Kanai Takanori , Kitagawa Yuko 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
The indications for operation in drug-resistant ulcerative colitis are determined by complex factors. In this study, we test whether radiomics analysis can be used to predict operation indications in hospitalized ulcerative colitis patients.
Methods
This is a single-center retrospective cohort study using CT at admission of UC patients admitted from 2015 to 2022. The target of prediction was whether the patient would undergo surgery by the time of discharge. Radiomics features were extracted using the rectal wall at the level of the tailbone tip of the CT as the ROI. CT data were randomly classified into a training cohort and a validation cohort, and LASSO regression was performed using the training cohort to create a formula for calculating the Radiomics score.
Results
Five features were used for the Radiomics score. Univariate logistic regression analysis of clinical information detected a significant influence of severity (p < 0.001), number of drugs used until surgery (p < 0.001), Lichtiger score (p = 0.024) and hemoglobin (p = 0.010). Using a nomogram combining these items, we found that the discriminatory power in the surgery and conservative treatment groups was AUC 0.822 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.841–0.951) for the training cohort and AUC 0.868 (95% CI 0.729-1.000) for the validation cohort, indicating a good ability to discriminate the outcomes.
Conclusions
Radiomics analysis of CT images of UC patients at the time of admission, combined with clinical data, showed high predictive ability regarding a treatment strategy of surgery or conservative treatment.
Aesthetic Appeal Over Intrasexual Competition: Key Predictors of Cosmetic Surgery Openness
Authors: Őry Fanni , Meskó Norbert 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Cosmetic surgery can be viewed as a means of self-improvement to enhance success in intrasexual competition. However, an excessive emphasis on physical attractiveness often leads to negative emotions and dissatisfaction with one's own body. Nonetheless, having a positive attitude towards one's body can serve as a protective factor against these negative emotions. This study aims to explore the relationship between openness to cosmetic surgery and intrasexual competitiveness, level of body appreciation, and the subjective importance of attractiveness. A total of 512 heterosexual cisgender Hungarian women (M = 23.4, SD = 6.0, 18-60 years) completed an online questionnaire: Intrasexual Competition Scale (ICS), Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2), Beliefs About Attractiveness Scale-Revised (BAA-R), and Acceptance of Cosmetic Surgery Scale (ACSS). We found that the subjective importance of attractiveness positively influenced the consideration of cosmetic surgery, whereas body appreciation had a negative impact. The Inferiority Frustration subscale of the Intrasexual Competition Scale exhibited a marginally significant positive effect on attitudes towards cosmetic surgery, while the Superiority Enjoyment subscale had no effect. These results suggest that individuals' subjective perception of their own body and the personal significance they attach to a socially desirable ideal are stronger predictors of acceptance of cosmetic surgery than intrasexual competitiveness.
Coupling between landward and seaward fringes of sandy beaches: algal deposits on the upper beach influence biogeochemistry and faunal assemblages in the swash zone.
Authors: Valdor Mariano Lastra , De Pablo L , López J , Soliño F , Schlacher TA 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Energy subsidies from the sea typically underpin ocean-exposed sandy beach ecosystems. Strandings of detached macro-algae – ‘wrack’ – can be a spectacular form of such cross-ecosystem transfers of organic matter that sustain consumers in the recipient shore system; this has given rise to a model of wrack promoting the diversity and abundance of invertebrates, with scaling effect on upper trophic levels. However, most wrack is often wave-cast to the upper beach, whereas a distinct part of the shore fauna is limited to the ocean fringe of beaches – the ‘swash zone’. This creates a spatial asymmetry between the location of subsidies (landwards fringe) and the location of the putative recipients (ocean fringe). Here, we tested whether the fauna of the swash zone can benefit from wrack subsidies, sampling fauna and algal deposits on a range of beaches in NW Spain. We also measured the potential functional link between algal wrack and nutrients released from wrack during decay. Wrack decay increased nutrient concentrations, and it is the combination of wrack cover, nutrient levels, and sediment coarseness that jointly drove variation in the assemblage structure of the swash fauna among beaches. Similarly, the density of the swash fauna and species richness increased markedly at higher nutrient levels and wrack cover. These findings expand the ‘wrack enhancement’ model to include the promotion of consumers at the ocean edge of sandy shores; it also contains a cross-shore linkage via decomposition processes that favourable change the nutrient regime across all the beach face and thereby couple the swash zone with the upper strandline.
FAIR Sensor Health Monitoring of Flight Test Data
Authors: Klein Colin , Pätzold Christina , Bodenbenner Matthias , Montavon Benjamin , Haufe Sebastian , Bäßler Michael , Gestwa Martin , Schmitt Robert H. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The German Aerospace Center (DLR)’s In-flight Systems & Technology Airborne Research (ISTAR) research aircraft is equipped with extensive permanent sensor instrumentation for the scientific investigation of aerophysical phenomena. The measurement data as well as a large part of the parameters on the aircraft’s data bus are continuously recorded by an additional Data Acquisition System (DAQ). To evaluate measurement data to gain knowledge, the form of data storage and the linkage of Fault Detections is vital to avoid erroneous conclusions. By honoring the Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable (FAIR) guiding principles, the detected faults, and anomalies shall aptly be linked to the measurement data. In this work, an application is developed to solve this problem by detecting faults, sensibly linking them to the measurement data and then visualizing the results to the user. To solve this task, methods from the SensOr Interfacing Language (SOIL) are employed. In addition, data is checked for completeness, plausibility and correctness by using statistical methods as well as approaches from the field of Fault Detection and Diagnosis (FDD). Finally, the performance and trueness of the application-toolchain is tested against known errors and validated on a dataset of ISTAR flight test data.
Translation and psychometric evaluation of the Persian version of the “Quality of Woman-Centered Midwifery Care Scale” in labor and childbirth
Authors: Azari Mahnaz , javadnoori mozhjgan , ghanbari Saeed , Javadifar Nahid 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
The role of service recipients in defining service quality can be considered an important competitive criterion. Therefore, health care providers are trying to use quality assessment tools that emphasize client-centered. This study aimed to translate and psychometrically evaluate the “quality of woman-centered midwifery care” (QWC_MC) in labor and childbirth for use in Iran.
methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted in two parts: translation and psychometric evaluation. The process of translating the QWC_MC questionnaire to Persian followed the model proposed by Wild et al. Face validity was investigated using a qualitative method with the participation of 20 mothers. The content validity was evaluated by 10 experts using the content validity ratio and content validity index. The construct validity was investigated with exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis by completing the questionnaire with 350 mothers who were admitted to the postpartum ward of hospitals (Imam Khomeini, Taleghani and Sina) affiliated with the University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz; these mothers were selected by convenience sampling. Reliability and repeatability were assessed using Cronbach’s α and the ICC. SPSS. V26 and STATA. V14 was used for the data analysis.
Results
The QWC-MC scale has 33 questions, and the translation and psychometric properties of its Persian version were confirmed. EFA identified four factors that accounted for 58.20% of the total variance. The structural validity of the extracted factors was confirmed through confirmatory factor analysis. The reliability and repeatability using Cronbach’s α and the ICC for the entire questionnaire were 0.88 and 0.99, respectively.
Conclusions
The findings show that the Persian version of the QWC-MC has good to acceptable validity and reliability. Therefore, it can be used as an effective tool to measure and evaluate the quality of woman-centered midwifery care during labor and childbirth in Iran.
A cocktail of engineered chimeric antibodies targeting the central nervous system produces a broad-spectrum therapeutic effect for symptomatic rabies
Authors: Zhao Ling , Ren Zeheng , Wang Caiqian , Wang Haoran , Wu Qiong , Hou Qingxiu , Qi Xue , He Wenna , Zhang Xiaoyu , Wan Jiawu , Zhou Ming , Fu Zhen 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Rabies is a lethal disease caused by rabies virus (RABV), and once symptoms appear, the fatality rate is nearly 100%. RABV is a neurotropic virus, and the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) prevents peripheral neutralizing antibodies and immune cells from entering the central nervous system (CNS) to eliminate the virus. However, currently reported symptomatic treatments for rabies lack broad target coverage and may cause some degree of neuron damage. Here, we constructed four chimeric human-mouse antibodies with high neutralizing activity and affinity against RABV, further identifying their targeted antigenic epitopes as I, II, and IV. Meanwhile, we screened a highly efficient brain-shuttle peptide: SynB1, and fused it with antibodies to achieve targeted delivery of antibodies into the brain following intravenous injection. More importantly, our results showed that combined treatment of RABV-infected mice with three SynB1-antibodies targeting different epitopes could reduce their clinical symptoms and increase their survival ratio to 80%. Collectively, the non-invasive brain delivery method based on hybrid antibody-conjugated cell-penetrating peptides offers a promising strategy for the effective treatment of a broad-spectrum symptomatic rabies.
Infant mental health services for families of maltreated pre-school children in foster care (BeST?): a single-blind cluster-randomised, multicentre, phase 3 clinical- and cost-effectiveness trial
Authors: Minnis Helen , Crawford Karen , Young Robin , Wilson Philip M.J. , Deidda Manuela , Forde Matt , Millar Susanne , McConnachie Alex , Boyd Kathleen , McIntosh Emma , Ougrin Dennis , Henderson Marion , Gillberg Christopher , Kainth Gary , Kainth Fiona , Sonuga-Barke Edmund , Fitzpatrick Bridie 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background Maltreated children are at high risk of negative psychosocial outcomes. Interventions targeting their foster carers are modestly effective. No previous RCT has targeted birth families of maltreated children in foster care.
Methods In this single-blind, cluster-randomised, phase 3 trial (Registration: BeST? Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02653716), families with a 0-5-year-old child entering foster care in Glasgow or London were randomised 1:1 (secure web portal; researchers masked; stratification by site with minimisation) to the New Orleans intervention model (NIM) or social work services-as-usual (SAU). NIM offers infant mental health assessment (~3 months) and treatment (6-9 months) to birth families and children in foster care, aiming to improve child mental health and recommend return home or adoption. The principal outcome measure of child mental health was the 20-item Strengths and Difficulties Total Difficulties (SDQ-TD) Scale at 2.5 years post study entry (high scores indicating poorer child behaviour).
Findings Between January 2012 and July 2021, 382 families (488 children) were recruited: 22 families were later deemed non-eligible leaving 360 families (439 children; 47.0% female). Follow-up continued until December 2023 when the trial was fully powered: 286 families (149 NIM; 137 SAU, 367 children) were followed up at 2.5 years (79.4%). Intention-to-treat analysis found no intervention effect of NIM: Mean (SD) SDQ-TD NIM 11.5 (7.6); SAU 11.1 (7.2); adjusted mean difference (NIM-SAU) 1.4; 95% CI (-0.63, 3.53); p=0.17. Girls randomised to NIM had higher SDQ-TD scores at 2.5 years wrt SAU: Interaction p=0.0217; adjusted mean difference 2.96; (0.12, 5.82); p= 0.042 - adjusted mean difference in boys was 0.12; 95% CI (-2.82, 3.09). Of 52 SAEs (21 NIM; 31 SAU), none were intervention related. Within the trial time horizon, NIM is not cost-effective costing £10,592 per child versus £4557 for SAU.
Interpretation Contextual challenges meant only 66.4% of eligible families received NIM. Despite no measured within-trial effects for SDQ-TD, higher scores in girls randomised to NIM could indicate either poorer mental health or, conversely, a process of recovery. Follow-up is therefore essential.
Funding National Institute for Health Research (PHR 12/211/54)
Elaboração e validação de instrumento sobre conformidade às medidas de enfrentamento da covid-19 em serviços de saúde bucal no Brasil
Authors: Silva Junior Manoelito Ferreira , Palma Luciana Zambillo , Warmling Cristine Maria , Spiger Vinícius , Ditterich Rafael Gomes , Pecharki Giovana Daniela , Castro Renata Goulart , Baldani Márcia Helena 
Published: August 2024

O estudo objetivou validar um instrumento elaborado para profissionais de saúde bucal (Cirurgiões-dentistas, Auxiliares e Técnicos de Saúde Bucal) sobre a conformidade às medidas de enfrentamento da Covid-19 nos serviços odontológicos segundo as diretrizes da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária do Brasil. O estudo metodológico foi dividido em cinco etapas: 1) validade de face e conteúdo: realizada por oito experts na área seguida de estudo piloto com 35 profissionais de saúde bucal; e, 2) validação das propriedades psicométricas aferidas entre os profissionais de saúde bucal atuantes nos estados da Região Sul do Brasil que responderam 37 questões do instrumento (n=1824), com avaliação da: a) consistência interna pelo coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach e a correlação item-total; b) reprodutibilidade aferida pelo teste-reteste entre 52 participantes; e, c) validade de construto pela análise de correlação divergente e convergente e análise fatorial exploratória. Na validade de face e conteúdo houve redução, reagrupamento e divisão de questões, além de adaptações de forma e conteúdo nos itens e nas respostas. A concordância foi substancial/quase completa em 34 itens (coeficiente de correlação intraclasse>0,60). A reprodutibilidade foi adequada (p=0,45). A análise de confiabilidade indicou exclusão de seis itens por correlação item-total<0,20 e um item por carga fatorial<0,30. O instrumento com 30 itens apresentou boa consistência interna (Alfa de Cronbach=0,86). A análise de componentes principais mostrou cinco dimensões que explicam 51,1% da variância (p<0,001). A validade de critério convergente teve correlação positiva moderada (p<0,001). O instrumento elaborado apresentou-se validado ao apresentar propriedades psicométricas adequadas. Nesse sentido, o instrumento pode ser utilizado para profissionais de saúde bucal de outros locais ou em outros momentos da sindemia de Covid-19 no Brasil.
The electrocatalytic degradation of 1,4-dioxane by Co–Bi/GAC particle electrode
Authors: Wang Rui , Dai Zhineng , Zhang Wenqi , Ma Chao 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Efficient degradation of industrial organic wastewater has become a significant environmental concern. Electrochemical oxidation technology is promising due to its high catalytic degradation ability. In this study, Co–Bi/GAC particle electrodes were prepared and characterized for degradation of 1,4-dioxane. The electrochemical process parameters were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM), and the influence of water quality factors on the removal rate of 1,4-dioxane was investigated. The results showed that the main influencing factors were the Co/Bi mass ratio and calcination temperature. The carrier metals, Co and Bi, existed mainly on the GAC surface as Co3O4 and Bi2O3. The removal of 1,4-dioxane was predominantly achieved through the synergistic reaction of electrode adsorption, anodic oxidation, and particle electrode oxidation, with ·OH playing a significant role as the main active free radical. Furthermore, the particle electrode was demonstrated in different acid–base conditions (pH = 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11). However, high concentrations of Cl− and NO3- hindered the degradation process, potentially participating in competitive reactions. Despite this, the particle electrode exhibited good stability after five cycles. The results provide a new perspective for constructing efficient and stable three-dimensional (3D) electrocatalytic particle electrodes to remove complex industrial wastewater.