bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dosimetry for low-energy electron beam applications at Fraunhofer FEP
Authors: Teichmann Tobias , Schaap Lotte Ligaya , Poremba Andre , Dincklage Lars , Blüthner Ralf , Sommer Marian , Henniger Jürgen , Schopf Simone , König Ulla , Mattausch Gösta 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Accelerating electrons to achieve chemical and biological effects is a well-established competence of Fraunhofer FEP. Today, there is a large variety of low-energy electron beam applications with a broad range of absorbed doses, e.g. modification of plastics, plasma-chemical syntheses, pollutant removal in wastewaters and exhaust gases, sterilization of medical products, disinfection of seeds, biocompatible functionalization of implants and stimulation of biotechnological processes. This calls for reliable, sensitive, and flexible methods for dosimetry. Radiochromic films are suitable tools to measure electron dose distributions for the characterization and quality control of Fraunhofer FEP’s irradiation facilities. Risø B3 radiochromic film from DTU Health Tech, the dosimeter of choice at FEP, reliably detects doses in the range of 10–100 kGy. However, with new upcoming applications, doses in the single-digit kGy range and even lower come to the fore. Hence, the palette of dosimeters at FEP must be extended. Gafchromic’s HD-V2 film is a welcome complement and widens the accessible dose range down to 10 Gy. Using a UV-VIS spectrophotometer for read-out of the films and custom analysis algorithms further increase the sensitivity of the dosimetric setup. Additionally, dosimeters based on the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) of beryllium oxide offer a wide dose range and high sensitivity. They were used to measure doses induced by secondary X-ray components to gain more information about a specific radiation field. The work gives an overview of the dosimetric toolbox at Fraunhofer FEP and the efforts to implement new methods of detection for low-dose applications and X-ray dosimetry.
Chemical and radiochemical characterization of phosphogypsum from Poland
Authors: Maina Linda , Kiegiel Katarzyna , Chajduk Ewelina , Zakrzewska-Kołtuniewicz Grażyna 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The current study presents the results of the chemical and the radiochemical characterization of phosphogypsum obtained from the former Wizów Chemical Plant in Poland. Phosphogypsum is a residue obtained from phosphoric acid production. Phosphogypsum mainly contains calcium sulfate dihydrate and impurities originating from the source phosphate rock, including toxic trace elements and natural radionuclides. The phosphogypsum stacks occupy a large area and are an environmental issue today. The project “Phosphogypsum Processing to Critical Raw Materials”, currently realized at the Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, focuses on the use of phosphogypsum from the Polish stacks as material to recover rare earth elements (REEs). The remaining gypsum matrix can be used as an inexpensive material in construction. The chemical and radiological characterization of the radioactive isotopes present in phosphogypsum was performed by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and the gamma spectrometry technique. The radioactivity of the Polish phosphogypsum was then compared with the radioactivity of the phosphogypsum waste present worldwide.
Consideration of quantitative risk reduction and risk achievement measures in safe NPP design
Authors: Vrbanic Ivan , Basic Ivica 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In the models developed by probabilistic safety analyses (PSA) and in their applications associated with nuclear power plants (NPPs), the risk importance of a particular feature can be, most generally, divided into two categories: importance with respect to the risk-increase potential and importance with respect to the risk-decrease potential. A representative measure of the first category is risk achievement worth (RAW), while a representative measure of the second category is risk reduction worth (RRW). The present paper discusses the use of RAW and RRW in achieving safe design and points out some implications of their mutual dependency on the selection of a risk-reduction strategy. A simple example is provided to illustrate the differences between the two basic strategies and point out to the main issues and conclusions.
Protective layers of zirconium alloys used for claddings to improve the corrosion resistance
Authors: Sartowska Bożena , Starosta Wojciech , Sokołowski Paweł , Wawszczak Danuta , Smolik Jerzy 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Zirconium alloys are used as a cladding material for fuel elements in nuclear reactors. In the case of severe accident conditions, the possible rapid oxidation of zirconium in steam or/and air may result in intense hydrogen generation and hydrogen–oxide mixture explosion. Advanced technologies for increasing the corrosion resistance of claddings are being investigated in two directions: (a) protective coatings on Zr alloys and (b) the use of new materials for claddings. Coatings with silicon may provide a more protective barrier than the ZrO2 films formed on an alloy cladding during nuclear plant operations. These coatings may also serve as a protective barrier during high-temperature accidents. The current work aimed at developing protective coatings with silicon on zirconium alloys. Multielemental Zr–Si–Cr coatings were formed on Zry-2 alloy using the physical vapor deposition (PVD) method. Long-term oxidation tests were carried out under the following conditions: 360°C/195 bar/63 days/water-simulating PWR water. Obtained results show the protective character of formed layers. The material in the form of silicon carbide grains covered with yttrium–aluminum garnet (SiC + YAG) was prepared using the sol–gel method. The formed powder is the main component for coating formation on Zr–1Nb alloy using the method of suspension plasma spraying (SPS).
Optimization of conditions for topaz irradiation in the WWR-K reactor
Authors: Sairanbayev Darkhan S. , Shaimerdenov Asset A. , Aitkulov Magzhan T. , Gizatulin Shamil Kh. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Activation of impurities in topazes happens due to irradiation with thermal neutrons (induced radioactivity occurs), which complicates their further handling. This leads to the need for their long cooling for safe use. The Institute of Nuclear Physics (Kazakhstan) is conducting R&D to develop a method for the effective formation of color centers in topaz during their irradiation in the WWR-K reactor. An irradiation capsule design has been developed in which optimized conditions for irradiating stones in the neutron field of the reactor are formed. The capsule uses shielding materials made of boron carbide and tantalum to cut off thermal neutrons, resulting in a reduction in induced radioactivity in topaz. The effectiveness of the irradiation capsule was tested in the core of the critical facility. As a result, thermal neutron flux is reduced by 5.7 times and the induced activity of the tantalum is reduced by 2.2 times.
Conversion of fast neutrons for neutron radiography with TPX2 detector
Authors: Šagátová Andrea , Fülöp Marko , Novák Andrej , Vrban Branislav , Lüley Jakub , Čerba Štefan , Benkovský Ivan , Zaťko Bohumír 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The Timepix2-based hybrid-pixel detector with a 500 μm thick silicon sensor was employed for fast-neutrons registration to be applied in neutron radiography of metallic printed circuit heat exchanger (PCHE). Two energies of neutrons were experimentally tested. The detection of 3.55 MeV neutrons from the deuteron–deuteron (DD) reaction was compared to 15.7 MeV neutrons from the deuteron–tritium (DT) neutron generator. In order to distinguish the signal induced by the registered neutrons from the accelerator background, filtration of the recorded particle spectral tracks was applied. The benefit of applying hydrogen-based converter layer for 3.55 MeV neutrons was observable. On the other hand, in the case of 15.7 MeV neutrons, the direct registration by interaction with the sensor Si significantly dominates the conversion.
Analysis of the road safety in the EU countries and the impact of PBM on its improvement
Authors: Tomašković Mladen , Završki Ivica 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The occurrence of a large number of road fatalities necessitates making improvements in road safety conditions. Governments and experts of European countries have been involved in this activity by investing efforts to increase security as well as achieve the goals of the European Commission (EC) to reduce fatalities by 50% by 2030.They aim to achieve road traffic without any fatalities occurring by 2050. Including a series of innovations for safety in the auto industry, deploying ITS technology, enforcing stringent legal regulations, emphasising on higher education of all traffic participants and undertaking other such important actions help achieve the set goals. Furthermore, adequate road maintenance with the use of modern models will definitely contribute to improving road safety. Moreover, it is necessary to regularly monitor road safety indicators and react accordingly on time. This paper presents a current state safety analysis from the perspective of road fatalities and road maintenance investments (RMIs) in the European Union (EU) and in European Free Trade Association (EFTA) countries. The main objectives of this paper are to analyse road safety aspects and emphasise on the relation existing between road fatalities and RMI. Concurrently, the objective of this paper is to verify the possible influence of the performance-based maintenance (PBM) model on improving road safety in the European Union. As part of the research, 27 EU member states and 3 EFTA members were analysed in the period 2010–2021. The results indicate a connection between road fatalities and RMI. Thus, this particular one is almost linear at the average EU level and that PBM models can directly contribute to improving traffic safety and indirectly by savings in maintenance costs.
Leadership Model of Pastor and Presbyter in Church Stewardship
Authors: Pairikas Fenetson , Tari* Ezra , Luji Daud Saleh 
Published: June 2024

The goal of this article is to demonstrate the significance of pastors and presbyters working together to lead the church. This is due to a lack of them having to create healthy relationships and support one another. The research method used was qualitative. According to the findings of the study, pastors and presbyters have a role as pastors who care for congregation members. They must maintain relationships with the congregation, answer questions, offer support, and shepherd the congregation in their spiritual journey. The pastor is responsible for the worship service, preaching God's Word, and leading the congregation in prayer. Meanwhile, the presbyter has responsibility for handling church funds, creating church policies, and helping make key decisions. Pastors and presbyters collaborate to guide the church in carrying out its spiritual and administrative missions. They must have a positive working connection, support one another, and understand one another's roles. This contributes to the formation of a healthy and successful church in ministry.
Environmental Didactic in a Primary Basic Educational Community: Analysis of Pedagogical Strategies in Santa Marta (Colombian Caribbean)
Authors: Cabezas Meri Ruiz , Ropain Narlys Villalobo , Soto Cristian Guzmán 
Published: June 2024

Objetive: The aim was to define the environmental teaching that students and teachers develop in the design of pedagogical strategies in primary school educational institutions in the municipality of Santa Marta, Magdalena, Colombia.

Methodology: The study presents a descriptive analytical field approach, with a non-experimental design. The population was made up of 450 students and 15 teachers, from three primary educational institutions in the municipality of Santa Marta, Magdalena, Northern Co-lombia. Likewise, to collect the information, a questionnaire was used aimed at the students with two dichotomous response alternatives (yes-no), and another with scale-type multiple alternative responses.

Result: Teachers establish practical activities and various methods that help students in the teaching process in a comprehensive manner towards environmental education, a situation that does not guarantee learning to improve the school environment.

Conclusion: The motivation model used by teachers towards students is aimed at offering a reward when students carry out an activity related to environmental education.
Experiences of Peace, Communication and Communication in the Community Radios of Cauca Colombia in Relation to Public Policies for its Strengthening in the Post-Conflict
Authors: Ramos Paulo César Paz , Achicanoy María Isabel Campos , Arenas Pedro Felipe Díaz 
Published: June 2024

Objective: To identify keys to sustainability of communication and cultural experiences led by community radio in Cauca, Colombia, and propose recommendations to strengthen these media in the post-conflict.

Theoretical Framework: The relationship between communication and culture policies and media diversity is explored, highlighting the role of state institutions such as the Ministry of Culture and the Ministry of Information and Communication Technologies.
Method: Qualitative approach through documentary analysis, interviews and observation.

Results and Discussion: Experiences of Nasa Stereo and Radio Pa'yumat, community radio stations of the Nasa indigenous people, are highlighted, highlighting technical, cultural and security challenges. The role of these media as agents of peace and promoters of indigenous cultural identity in Cauca is discussed, with implications for public policies.

Implications of the Research: Underlines the need for policies that promote cultural diversity and media pluralism in post-conflict contexts, guaranteeing equitable access to media, especially for marginalized populations such as indigenous peoples.

Originality/Value: The research offers an in-depth look at the crucial role of community radios in peace building in Cauca, Colombia, with relevant findings both academic and those related to public policies that support community media.
Pathogenesis, Articular Protective Mechanisms, and Risk Factors in Osteoarthritis: a Systematic Review
Authors: Oliveira Carlos Walmyr de Mattos , Miklós João Paulo Ortiz , Almeida Welton Aaron de , Corsso Cristiane del , Figueiredo Neto José Leite de , Guedes Francisco Randerson Ribeiro de Sousa , Pereira Maria Vitória Rodrigues Alves , Ribeiro Júnior Francisco José Pascoal , Lucena Hérika Juliana de Araújo , Ferreira Debora Luiza Gaitkoski , Caldas Eliseu Ribeiro , Bezerra Clovis de Medeiros , Simiema Gabriel Costa , Alves Pedro Henrique Pereira da Silva 
Published: June 2024

Objective: The objective of this study is to present a systematic review on the pathogenesis, joint protective mechanisms, and risk factors in osteoarthritis (OA), aiming to provide a comprehensive and updated view that contributes to clinical practice and the understanding of this complex condition.

Theoretical Framework: This section presents the main concepts and theories that underpin the research on osteoarthritis. Theories on joint degeneration, protective mechanisms of joints, and associated risk factors are highlighted, providing a solid foundation for understanding the context of the investigation.

Method: The methodology adopted for this research comprises a systematic review using a rigorous approach in various biomedical databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, without language or publication date restrictions. Study selection was based on specific exclusion criteria, focusing on aspects related to pathogenesis, protective mechanisms, and risk factors in OA. Data analysis was qualitative, identifying patterns, trends, and gaps in the literature.

Results and Discussion: The results revealed that joint protective mechanisms are essential for maintaining the structural integrity of joints, including elements such as the joint capsule, ligaments, muscles, tendons, and synovial fluid. Articular cartilage, composed of type II collagen and proteoglycans, is crucial in joint biomechanics. In OA, progressive changes in cartilage, such as aggrecan depletion and type II collagen disorganization, compromise its ability to absorb impacts and resist mechanical stress. The main identified risk factors include advanced age, female gender, genetic predisposition, anatomical abnormalities, significant joint injuries, and joint misalignment.

Research Implications: The practical and theoretical implications of this research are discussed, providing insights into the development of effective therapeutic and preventive strategies for osteoarthritis. The findings can influence clinical practices and guide future research in the field.

Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by providing a comprehensive and updated systematic review on the pathogenesis, joint protective mechanisms, and risk factors in OA. The relevance and value of this research are evidenced by the potential application of the results in improving treatment and prevention strategies for osteoarthritis.
Green I.T and Datacenter: a Study of Environmental Management Indicators
Authors: Azevedo Marilia Macorin de , Galegale Napoleão Verardi , Matthes Robinson Patara 
Published: June 2024

Objective: Identify the environmental indicators from the ABNT ISO NBR 14031 standard applicable to data centers to improve energy efficiency and environmental management.

Theoretical Framework: The study addresses concepts of Green IT, practices for data center efficiency, and the indicators from the ABNT NBR ISO 14031 standard, including environmental, managerial, operational, and condition performance indicators.

Method: Bibliometric research to support the theme, through searches on the Scopus and IEEE platforms, with content analysis of the main references, including the NBR ISO 14031 standards.

Results and Discussion: Operational indicators from the NBR ISO 14031 standard were identified and adapted for data centers, such as the quantity of reused materials, energy used and saved, and specific emissions. The practical application of these indicators was detailed.

Research Implications: The research contributes to the application of Green IT practices and energy efficiency in data centers, providing a basis for the adoption of environmental management indicators.

Originality/Value: Although there are various individual studies related to Green IT or data centers, there are few studies relating these themes together. Thus, this study fills this gap by promoting an integrated approach to Green IT and environmental management, and providing support for data center managers towards Green IT.
Multilevel Analysis of Gender Equity Disclosure
Authors: Rodrigues Junior Manuel Salgueiro , Oliveira Marcelle Colares , Lozano Maria Bélen 
Published: June 2024

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate gender equity, with the aim of analyse the impact of country, sector, and company characteristics on corporate gender equity disclosure.

Theoretical Framework: The main concepts and theories that underpin the research are institutional theory with National Business System (NBS) approach.

Method: We collected information on gender equity disclosure from 3,726 companies in 58 countries over a 10-year interval from the Thomson Reuters database. Than, we use hierarchical analysis to link the degree of disclosure obtained by companies with variables at the macro, medium, and micro levels.

Results and Discussion: We found that the equity disclosure is particularly sensitive to company characteristics such as trade union representation, company size or board gender diversity. Country characteristics, such as enforcement capacity, pressure from unions, popular participation, and economic development positively affect gender equity disclosure. The sector does not present statistical significance to explain variations in gender disclosure.

Research Implications: These findings show that theoretical aspects of National Business System and multilevel characteristics approaches do provide empirical support to explain gender equity and its disclosure and help to resolve gender issues

Originality/Value: This research fills the gap resulting from the lack of multilevel analysis on gender equity disclosure and helps identify which level and characteristics prevail and have the greatest impact. Therefore, the results guide the intervention of different social spheres to promote gender equity.
The incidence of TP53 mutations in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia in Iran
Authors: Bayati Nasibeh , Emtiazi Nikoo , Poopak Behzad , Ghiass Mohammad Adel 
Published: June 2024

Objectives
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is linked to a highly variable disease course regarding responses to chemoimmunotherapy and clinical outcomes. Mutations in TP53 and/or deletions in chromosome 17p locus [del(17p)] may lead to loss of a TP53 allele. We investigated TP53 mutations in patients with CLL.

Material and Methods
Thirty patients with CLL, aged 40–84 years, were included. Immunophenotyping of B cells was done using flow cytometry by CD5, CD10, CD19, CD20, CD23, CD49d, CD38, FMC7, and CD200 markers. Bone marrow aspiration and peripheral blood smear examination were also performed. DNA was extracted and sequencing was done using the Sanger method. Structural aberrations were investigated using the FISH method.

Results
TP53 mutations had a frequency of eight cases (23.3%), three of which were missense mutations (37.5%), three were intronic mutations (37.5%), and two were silent mutations (25%). Peripheral B lymphocytes had a mean of 82% with 4.59% prolymphocytes.

Conclusion
Accurate testing for TP53 mutations [TP53 and del(17p) mutations] before every treatment line enables us to make proper therapeutic decisions to improve patient outcomes.
Profilaktyka zachowań ryzykownych młodzieży
Authors: Szega Ilona 
Published: June 2024

Opracowanie skutecznych strategii profilaktycznych w zakresie zachowań ryzykownych młodzieży staje się coraz bardziej istotne w obliczu wzrastającego problemu w społeczeństwie. Artykuł rozpoczyna się od zidentyfikowania głównych zagrożeń, takich jak nadużywanie substancji psychoaktywnych, nieprawidłowe nawyki żywieniowe, nadmierne korzystanie z nowych technologii i ryzykowne zachowania seksualne, które mogą prowadzić do poważnych konsekwencji zdrowotnych, społecznych i emocjonalnych.Celem pracy jest ukazanie istoty profilaktyki w kontekście tych zachowań oraz przedstawienie różnorodnych podejść i narzędzi, które mogą być stosowane w skutecznej prewencji. Poprzez analizę kontekstu społecznego i zdrowotnego artykuł ukazuje wpływ zmian społecznych i kulturowych na zachowania młodzieży oraz konsekwencje zdrowotne związane z ryzykownymi praktykami. Ponadto identyfikuje czynniki ryzyka, takie jak niski status społeczno-ekonomiczny i brak wsparcia rodzinno-środowiskowego.