bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2993 – Is Mindfullness An Evidence-Based Treatment?
Authors: Bondolfi G. 
Published: July 2013

Derived from ancient Buddhist and Yoga practices, mindfulness is a mental state characterized by nonjudgmental awareness of the present moment experience while encouraging openness, curiosity, and acceptance. This skill can be learned through practice, and has be integrated in different clinical approaches.Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is a structured group programme conceived to alleviate suffering associated with physical, psychosomatic and psychiatric disorders.A systematic review of RCTs on MBSR supports that this approach improves mental health in non-clinical and clinical populations. in clinical populations with psychiatric disorders, MBSR has some benefit as it reduces symptoms of distress, anxiety and depression or teaches patients coping skills to handle these symptoms.Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT), which is an adaptation of the MBSR programme, incorporates elements of cognitive therapy to prevent depressive relapse. Meta-analysis indicate that MBCT is an effective intervention for relapse prevention in patients with recurrent major depressive disorder in remission, at least in case of three or more previous episodes. Moreover, in two studies, MBCT was at least as effective as maintenance antidepressant medication.While MBCT is a relapse prevention programme for patients in full remission, recent data suggest that it may be indicated also for people in partial remission, including those with quite significant residual depressive symptoms.
3026 – The Use of Internet in Prevention
Authors: Sarchiapone M. 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionInternet currently has 513 million users worldwide and the young continue to be one of the highest users of the Internet. Often the young choose to use the media for get answers to their questions and also for search for mental healthrelated information. The researches show a rapid growth of mental disorders among young that often co-occurs with risk behaviours, such as suicide, which is one of the leading cause of death among young ages 15–34. Therefore it's necessary to use some tools that can promote mental health getting to young lives such as Internet and media.Objectivesincreasing the knowledge on the use of internet and media in order to promote the mental health and to prevent at-risk behaviors among young.AimsThe main expected outcome is to improve mental health among young.MethodsSUPREME - Suicide Prevention by Internet and Media Based Mental Health Promotion, European Project for the prevention of risk behaviours and mental health promotion through the use of mass media and Internet. The Project, financed by EACH and DG SANCO EU Public Health is developed by a consortium of 7 European countries. The intervention comprise of a highly interactive website targeted at young. In each participating country, a sample of 300 pupils have been selected and randomized in one of three different intervention arms.ConclusionsInternet and media can be used how efficient instruments to spread information among adolescents and to promote programs aimed to improve their mental health and well-being.
DietaryN-acetylcysteine supplementation alleviates liver injury in lipopolysaccharide-challenged piglets
Authors: Yi Dan , Hou Yongqing , Wang Lei , Ding Binying , Yang Zhengguo , Li Jiao , Long Minhui , Liu Yulan , Wu Guoyao 
Published: July 2013

The present study was carried out to determine whetherN-acetylcysteine (NAC) could modulate liver injury in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged piglet model. For this purpose, eighteen piglets were randomly assigned to the control, LPS or NAC group. Piglets in the control and LPS groups were fed a basal diet, whereas those in the NAC group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 500 mg/kg NAC. On days 10, 13 and 20 of the trial, the LPS- and NAC-treated piglets were intraperitoneally administered LPS (100 μg/kg body weight), while the control group was administered the same volume of saline. On day 20 of the trial, blood samples were obtained 3 h after LPS or saline injection. On day 21, the piglets were killed to collect liver samples. Dietary NAC supplementation attenuated LPS-induced liver histomorphological abnormalities. Compared with the control group, in the LPS-challenged piglets, the activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase and the concentrations of H2O2, TNF-α, IL-6 and PGE2were dramatically increased in the plasma and the activity of superoxide dismutase in the plasma and that of glutathione peroxidase in the liver were significantly decreased. The LPS challenge also increased the concentration of AMP and the ratio of AMP:ATP, but decreased adenylate energy charges and the levels of ATP and ADP. These adverse effects of the LPS challenge were ameliorated by NAC supplementation. Moreover, NAC inhibited the LPS-induced increases in the abundance of liver heat shock protein 70 and NF-κB proteins. In conclusion, these results suggest that dietary NAC supplementation alleviates LPS-induced liver injury by reducing the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, increasing the antioxidative capacity and improving energy metabolism.
The effect of ultraviolet lasers on conversion of methane into higher hydrocarbons
Authors: Navid H.A. , Irani E. , Sadighi-Bonabi R. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractConversion of CH4molecule into higher hydrocarbons using two different wavelengths of 248 nm KrF laser and 355 nm of third harmonic of Nd:YAG laser is studied experimentally and theoretically. The stable products are analyzed and the effect of pressure on conversion of methane is measured. The detected reaction products are C2H2, C2H4, and C2H6. The conversion efficiency of 33.5% for 355 nm in comparison to 2.2% conversion for 248 nm for C2H2is achieved. The potential of laser parameters as an important variable in controlling of final products is investigated.
Fast electron transport patterns in intense laser-irradiated solids diagnosed by modeling measured multi-MeV proton beams
Authors: MacLellan David A. , Carroll David C. , Gray Ross J. , Booth Nicola , Gonzalez-Izquierdo Bruno , Powell Haydn W. , Scott Graeme G. , Neely David , McKenna Paul 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe measured spatial-intensity distribution of the beam of protons accelerated from the rear side of a solid target irradiated by an intense (>1019 Wcm−2) laser pulse provides a diagnostic of the two-dimensional fast electron density profile at the target rear surface and thus the fast electron beam transport pattern within the target. An analytical model is developed, accounting for rear-surface fast electron sheath dynamics, ionization and projection of the resulting beam of protons. The sensitivity of the spatial-intensity distribution of the proton beam to the fast electron density distribution is investigated. An annular fast electron beam transport pattern with filamentary structure is inferred for the case of a thick diamond target irradiated at a peak laser intensity of 6 × 1019 Wcm−2.
A Millian Objection to Reasons as Evidence
Authors: FLETCHER GUY 
Published: July 2013

Stephen Kearns and Daniel Star have recently proposed the following theory of reasons:
Reasons as Evidence: Necessarily, a fact F is a reason for an agent A to Φ iff F is evidence that A ought to Φ (where Φ is either a belief or an action).
In this article I present an objection, inspired by Mill's proof of the principle of utility, to the right-to-left reading of the biconditional. My claim is that the fact that you can perform some action can be evidence that you ought to do it without, itself, being a reason to do it. If this is true then Reasons as Evidence is false.
Long-term psychosocial outcome of adults with tetralogy of Fallot and transposition of the great arteries: a historical comparison
Authors: Opić Petra , Utens Elisabeth M.W.J. , Ruys Titia P.E. , van Domburg Ron T. , Witsenburg Maarten , Bogers Ad J.J.C. , Roos-Hesselink Jolien W. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjective:To make a historical comparison on the long-term psychosocial outcome of cardiothoracic surgery during childhood.Methods:Adult patients operated for tetralogy of Fallot or transposition of the great arteries between 1980 and 1990 (recent sample) were compared with patients who underwent surgery and were investigated 10 years earlier (historical sample). In addition, atrial switch and arterial switch patients within the recent sample were compared. Psychosocial functioning was measured using standardised, validated psychological questionnaires.Results:Although the recent sample of patients overall shows a favourable quality of life, impairments were found in income, living conditions, relationships, offspring, and occupational level. Compared with the historical sample, the recent sample showed no significant improvements on psychosocial functioning, except for a better educational level. The amount of educational problems, such as learning difficulties, was still high compared with normative data. Recently operated patients with transposition of the great arteries (arterial switch) scored significantly better on the Short Form-36 vitality scale (p = 0.02) compared with historical patients with transposition of the great arteries (atrial switch).Conclusions:Despite improvements in medical treatment over the past few decades, hardly any change was found in the psychosocial outcome of the recent patient sample compared with the historical patient sample. In particular, the percentage of patients needing special education and showing learning problems remained high, whereas income was low compared with normative data.
Impact on energy, sodium and dietary fibre intakes of vegetables prepared at home and away from home in the USA
Authors: Lin Biing-Hwan , Wendt Minh , Guthrie Joanne F 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo examine how increasing vegetable consumption from foods prepared at home (FAH) and foods prepared away from home (FAFH) would impact energy, dietary fibre and Na (sodium) intakes in the USA.DesignUsing data from the 2003–2004 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, dietary intake data from two separate days were fitted with a first-difference (fixed-effects) model. Vegetables consumed from all sources, including mixed foods and juices, were disaggregated and expressed as amounts equivalent to one cup of whole vegetables.SettingNationally representative sample of the US population.SubjectsIndividuals aged 2 years and above reporting 2 d of dietary intake data in 2003–2004 (n 7647).ResultsHolding constant the total amount of food consumed, consuming an additional cup of tomatoes and potatoes from FAFH increases energy intake by respectively 1522 and 665 kJ, as compared with 246 and 367 kJ for FAH. Each additional cup of tomatoes from FAH is associated with an additional 179 mg of Na, compared with 113 mg for FAFH. All vegetable consumption increases fibre intake, except for potatoes and tomatoes from FAFH. Dark green and orange vegetables from FAH add the largest amount of fibre (1·38 g/cup).ConclusionsBecause US consumers frequently consume vegetables as part of mixed foods that add energy and Na, heavier consumption of vegetables as currently prepared raises the energy content and Na density of the overall diet. This is particularly true for vegetables prepared away from home.
Marketing the Market: The Ideology of Market Mechanisms for Biodiversity Conservation
Authors: Penca Jerneja 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe emergence of market mechanisms for the protection of biodiversity and ecosystem services in recent years has been portrayed by most conservation institutions and epistemological frameworks as an unprecedented opportunity for the conservation of nature. This article shifts the focus from the improved effectiveness arguments concerning such mechanisms to examine their institutional and political context and origins. It outlines the field of transnational biodiversity markets and uncovers the normative biases it displays. The regulatory vocabulary of ‘market mechanisms’ is juxtaposed to the more explicit ideological approach professed by the critics of neoliberalism. The argument is that, rather than an inevitable component in contemporary conservation governance, market mechanisms imply a set of contested choices for certain values, a particular economic development trajectory, a particular understanding of the biodiversity problem, and a weak role for legal obligations. Transnational environmental law needs to establish its interest beyond that of the regulation literature if it is to account for the proliferating movements around the world in favour of a reasserted normative guidance for the markets and against the process of marketing the market.
New intrinsic mechanism on gum-like superelasticity of multifunctional alloys
Authors: Liu Jia-Peng , Wang Yan-Dong , Hao Yu-Lin , Wang Yunzhi , Nie Zhi-Hua , Wang Dong , Ren Yang , Lu Zhao-Ping , Wang Jinguo , Wang Haoliang , Hui Xidong , Lu Ning , Kim Moon J. , Yang Rui 
Published: July 2013

AbstractTi-Nb-based Gum Metals exhibit extraordinary superelasticity with ultralow elastic modulus, superior strength and ductility and a peculiar dislocation-free deformation behavior, most of which challenge existing theories of crystal strength. Additionally, this kind of alloys actually displays even more anomalous mechanical properties, such as the non-linear superelastic behavior, accompanied by a pronounced tension-to-compression asymmetry and large ductility with a low Poisson's ratio. Two main contradictory arguments exist concerning the deformation mechanisms of those alloys, i.e., formation of reversible nanodisturbance and reversible martensitic transformation. Herein we used the in-situ synchrotron high-energy X-ray scattering technique to reveal the novel intrinsic physical origin of all anomalous mechanical properties of the Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn-0.10O alloy, a typical gum-like metal. Our experiments provide direct evidence on two different kinds of interesting, stress-induced, reversible nanoscale martensitic transitions, i.e., the austenitic regions with B2 structure transform to α″ martensite and those with BCC structure transform to δ martensite.
Proof-of-concept evaluation of trough airway hyper-responsiveness following regular racemic or levosalbutamol in genotype-stratified steroid-treated persistent asthmatic patients
Authors: Anderson William J. , Short Philip M. , Williamson Peter A. , Morrison Ashley E. , Palmer Colin , Tavendale Roger , Lipworth Brian J. 
Published: July 2013

Asthmatic patients receiving ICSs (inhaled corticosteroids) may take frequent add-on therapy with salbutamol despite on-demand prescription. Frequent salbutamol use can be detrimental in asthma. The isomeric formulation of salbutamol and the B2ADR (β2 adrenoceptor) 16 genotype may also influence this phenomenon. We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, triple crossover, proof of concept trial comparing 2 weeks of regular therapy with inhaled racemic salbutamol [200 μg q.i.d. (four times daily)], levosalbutamol (100 μg q.i.d.) or placebo on trough methacholine PC20 [provocative concentration causing 20% fall in FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 s)] 6 h post-dose (the primary outcome) in 30 persistent asthmatic patients (15 who were Arg16 homozygous and 15 who were Gly16 homozygous) all receiving ICSs. There was no worsening of AHR (airway hyper-responsiveness) at trough to methacholine after 2 weeks regular exposure to either racemic (P=0.53) or levosalbutamol (P=0.84) compared with placebo, nor between genotypes–as dd (doubling dilution) difference in methacholine PC20 from placebo [salbutamol/Arg16=0.36 dd [95% CI (confidence interval), −0.43, 1.15]; salbutamol/Gly16=0.01 dd (95% CI, −0.47, 0.49); levosalbutamol/Arg16=−0.01 dd (95% CI, −0.89, 0.87); and levosalbutamol/Gly16=0.28 dd (95% CI, −0.22, 0.77)]. Both active treatments improved morning PEF (peak expiratory flow) in Gly16 (P=0.04 overall) but not Arg16 (P=0.50 overall) patients, whereas evening PEF improved in both Gly16 (P&lt;0.001 overall) and Arg16 (P=0.006 overall) patients. In conclusion, the regular exposure to either racemic or levosalbutamol for 2 weeks added to ICSs did not cause worsening of AHR at trough compared with placebo; with no difference seen between B2ADR 16 genotypes.
Diversity of Fish-Associated Flavobacteria of Michigan
Authors: Loch T. P. , Fujimoto M. , Woodiga S. A. , Walker E. D. , Marsh T. L. , Faisal M. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Flavobacteriosis poses a serious threat to wild and propagated fish stocks alike, accounting for more fish mortality in Michigan and its associated state fish hatcheries than all other pathogens combined. Although this consortium of fish diseases has primarily been attributed to Flavobacterium psychrophilum, F. columnare, and F. branchiophilum, herein we describe a diverse assemblage of Flavobacterium and Chryseobacterium spp. isolates recovered from diseased as well as apparently healthy wild, feral, and farmed fish of Michigan. Among 254 fish-associated flavobacterial isolates recovered from 21 fish species during 2003–2010, 211 were identified as Flavobacterium spp., whereas 43 were identified as Chryseobacterium spp. according to ribosomal RNA partial gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Although F. psychrophilum and F. columnare were indeed associated with multiple fish mortality events, many previously uncharacterized flavobacteria were recovered from systemically infected fish showing overt signs of disease, and in vitro protease assays demonstrated that these isolates were highly proteolytic to multiple substrates that comprise host tissues. Indeed, the majority of the isolates either (1) were most similar to recently described fish-associated Flavobacterium and Chryseobacterium spp. that have never before been reported in North America (e.g., F. oncorhynchi, F. araucananum, C. viscerum, C. piscicola, and C. chaponense) or (2) did not cluster with any described species and most likely represent novel flavobacterial taxa. This study highlights the extreme diversity of flavobacteria that are potentially associated with flavobacteriosis in Michigan.
Received September 13, 2012; accepted December 6, 2012
Growth and Survival of Juvenile Gulf Killifish Fundulus grandis in Recirculating Aquaculture Systems
Authors: Ofori-Mensah Samuel , Green Christopher C , Nunoo Francis K E 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Gulf Killifish Fundulus grandis is one of the largest killifish species. It is a euryhaline teleost and a popular baitfish occurring along the coastal Gulf of Mexico and southern Atlantic states. There is currently limited information on the grow-out characteristics of killifish in indoor recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). This preliminary study aims at determining the effects of stocking density on the growth and survival of juvenile Gulf Killifish in indoor RAS. Individuals of 0.45 ± 0.01 g (mean ± SE) weight were stocked at initial densities of 2 and 5 fish/L in 60-L tanks in RAS with four replicates each. After 82 d of culture, difference in growth at these densities was not significant (P &gt; 0.629). Mean survival and gross and net yields differed by stocking density. Survival (94.6%) in the lowest density was significantly high (ANOVA: P &lt; 0.01) compared with survival (83.9%) in the highest density. Gross and net yields were significantly high (ANOVA: P &lt; 0.01) at the 5 fish/L stocking densities. Compared with the traditional pond system, the use of RAS in this preliminary study enabled stocking of killifish at very high densities. However, cultured fish grew relatively slow in RAS compared with pond culture and did not reach market size (≈3.3 g).
Cost of early snowmelt in terms of reduced irrigation deliveries
Authors: Benson Aaron , Williams Ryan 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Climate change and windborne dust are expected to change snowmelt timing. Dust from agricultural activities is estimated to cause snow to melt two to four weeks earlier in some regions. Early snowmelt may decrease deliveries of irrigation water when reservoirs provide flood protection and irrigation water. To date, the quantity decrease has not been determined. We identify when early snowmelt causes earlier water release, and calculate the quantity decrease in water deliveries downstream. Irrigation reductions are negligible unless the dam capacity is less than twice the quantity of annual runoff, and unless snowmelt occurs more than four weeks early.
Stable isotope‐based community metrics as a tool to identify patterns in food web structure in east African estuaries
Authors: Abrantes Kátya G. , Barnett Adam , Bouillon Steven 
Published: July 2013

Summary

Quantitative tools to describe biological communities are important for conservation and ecological management. The analysis of trophic structure can be used to quantitatively describe communities. Stable isotope analysis is useful to describe trophic organization, but statistical models that allow the identification of general patterns and comparisons between systems/sampling periods have only recently been developed.

Here, stable isotope‐based Bayesian community‐wide metrics are used to investigate patterns in trophic structure in five estuaries that differ in size, sediment yield and catchment vegetation cover (C3/C4): the Zambezi in Mozambique, the Tana in Kenya and the Rianila, the Betsiboka and Pangalanes Canal (sampled at Ambila) in Madagascar.

Primary producers, invertebrates and fish of different trophic ecologies were sampled at each estuary before and after the 2010–2011 wet season. Trophic length, estimated based on δ15N, varied between 3·6 (Ambila) and 4·7 levels (Zambezi) and did not vary seasonally for any estuary. Trophic structure differed the most at Ambila, where trophic diversity and trophic redundancy were lower than at the other estuaries. Among the four open estuaries, the Betsiboka and Tana (C4‐dominated) had lower trophic diversity than the Zambezi and Rianila (C3‐dominated), probably due to the high loads of suspended sediment, which limited the availability of aquatic sources.

There was seasonality in trophic structure at Ambila and Betsiboka, as trophic diversity increased and trophic redundancy decreased from the prewet to the postwet season. For Ambila, this probably resulted from the higher variability and availability of sources after the wet season, which allowed diets to diversify. For the Betsiboka, where aquatic productivity is low, this was likely due to a greater input of terrestrial material during the wet season.

The comparative analysis of community‐wide metrics was useful to detect patterns in trophic structure and identify differences/similarities in trophic organization related to environmental conditions. However, more widespread application of these approaches across different faunal communities in contrasting ecosystems is required to allow identification of robust large‐scale patterns in trophic structure. The approach used here may also find application in comparing food web organization before and after impacts or monitoring ecological recovery after rehabilitation.