bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L‐3,4‐Dihydroxy‐6‐[F‐18]fluorophenylalanine positron emission tomography demonstrating dopaminergic system abnormality in the brains of obsessive–compulsive disorder patients
Authors: Hsieh Hung‐Jen , Lue Kun‐Han , Tsai Hsin‐Chi , Lee Chau‐Chin , Chen Shin‐Yuan , Kao Pan‐Fu 
Published: January 2014

AimObsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic disabling neuropsychiatric disorder. Current treatment modalities, such as pharmacological and behavioral methods, are sometimes unsatisfactory. The mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway is supposed to have a role in the pathogenesis of OCD. In this study, L‐3,4‐Dihydroxy‐6‐[F‐18]fluorophenylalanine (F‐18 FDOPA) positron emission tomography (PET) is exploited to investigate the possible abnormality of dopaminergic neuronal circuits in the brains of OCD patients in vivo.MethodsThe study subjects were recruited after psychological assessment and gave written informed consent to participate. The F‐18 FDOPA PET scans were performed on five OCD patients and six healthy volunteers at 120 min after 185 MBq of F‐18 FDOPA intravenous injection. The PET results were analyzed with the Statistical Parametric Mapping tool.ResultsCompared to the healthy subjects, the OCD brains showed increased dopaminergic metabolism in the left frontal premotor cortex (P < 0.001), along with trends toward an increase in the left posterior cingulate gyrus, the left cuneus, the left lingual gyrus, the right cuneus and precuneus, the right lingual gyrus, the right middle temporal gyrus, the left cerebellum, and the right cerebellum (P < 0.01).ConclusionOur observations suggest that the increased dopaminergic neuronal function in these brain areas may be implicated in the pathogenesis of OCD.
Barriers and promoters of participation in facilitated peer support groups for carers of children with special needs
Authors: Hammarberg Karin , Sartore Gina , Cann Warren , Fisher Jane R.W. 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundSocial support is essential for physical and mental health and well‐being. Evidence indicates that social and peer support is particularly important and beneficial for the well‐being of those who care for children with chronic illness or disability in improving personal well‐being and influencing parent–child play opportunities and child behaviour and development positively. MyTime is a government‐funded Australia‐wide facilitated peer support group program for carers of children with special needs.AimThe aim was to investigate the barriers and promoters of participation in this peer support group program.MethodA qualitative approach was adopted where semi‐structured telephone interviews were conducted with 20 group members, four group facilitators and three play helpers. Interviews were recorded and transcribed. Inductive thematic analysis of the transcripts was conducted.ResultsMost group members described gaining significant social support from group participation. Good group facilitation, the availability of play helpers, access to disability‐related information and expertise, and the mutual exchange of support between members emerged as the most important promoters of group participation. Barriers included insufficient funding to run the program throughout the year, too much diversity in group members’ socio‐economic position and severity of their children's disability.ConclusionThe facilitated peer support group program described in this paper appears to confer significant benefits to carers of children with disabilities and may be a model for other nations to consider in their strategies to improve services for carers of children with special needs.
Does a 3-Minute All-Out Test Provide Suitable Measures of Exercise Intensity at the Maximal Lactate Steady State or Peak Oxygen Uptake for Well-Trained Runners?
Authors: Sperlich Billy , Zinner Christoph , Trenk David , Holmberg Hans-Christer 
Published: January 2014

Purpose:To examine whether a 3-min all-out test can be used to obtain accurate values for the maximal lactate steady state (vMLSS) and/or peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) of well-trained runners.Methods:The 15 male volunteers (25 ± 5 y, 181 ± 6 cm, 76 ± 7 kg, VO2peak 69.3 ± 9.5 mL · kg−1 · min−1) performed a ramp test, a 3-min all-out test, and several submaximal 30-min runs at constant paces of vEND (mean velocity during the last 30 s of the 3-min all-out test) itself and vEND +0.2, +0.1, –0.1, –0.2, –0.3, or –0.4 m/s.Results:vMLSS and vEND were correlated (r = .69, P = .004), although vMLSS was lower (mean difference: 0.26 ± 0.32 m/s, 95% CI –.44 to –.08 m/s, P = .007, effect size = 0.65). The VO2peak values derived from the ramp and 3-min all-out tests were not correlated (r = .41, P = .12), with a mean difference of 523 ± 1002 mL (95% CI –31 to 1077 mL).Conclusion:A 3-min all-out test does not provide a suitable measure of vMLSS or VO2peak for well-trained runners.
Evaluation of the Match Performances of Substitution Players in Elite Soccer
Authors: Bradley Paul S. , Lago-Peñas Carlos , Rey Ezequiel 
Published: January 2014

Purpose:To evaluate match performances of substitute players using different research designs.Methods:English Premier League matches were analyzed using a multiple-camera system. Two research designs were adopted: an independent-measures analysis comparing the match-performance characteristics of players completing the entire match (n = 810) vs substitutes (n = 286) and the players they replaced (n = 286) and a repeated-measures analysis comparing the same players completing full matches vs those in which they were introduced as a substitute (n = 94).Results:Most substitutions (P < .05) occurred at halftime and between the 60- to 85-min vs all first-half periods and the remaining second-half periods (effect size [ES]: 0.85–1.21). These substitutions become more (P < .01) offensive (eg, more attacking positions were introduced) in relation to the positions introduced as the half progressed (ES: 0.93–1.37). Independent-measures analysis indicated that high-intensity running was greater (P < .01) in substitutes compared with players who either completed the entire match or were replaced (ES: 0.28–0.67), but no differences were evident for pass-completion rates (ES: 0.01–0.02). Repeated-measures analysis highlighted that players covered more (P < .01) high-intensity running when they were introduced as substitutes compared with the equivalent period of the second- but not the first-half period (ES: 0.21–0.47). Both research designs indicated that attackers covered more (P < .05) high-intensity running than peers or their own performances when completing the entire match (ES: 0.45– 0.71).Conclusions:Substitutes cover greater high-intensity-running distance; this was particularly evident in attackers, but pass-completion rates did not differ for any position. This information could be beneficial to coaches regarding optimizing the match running performances of their players, but much more work needs to be undertaken to investigate the overall impact of substitutes (physical, technical indicators, and contribution to key moments of matches).
Influence of Physical Contact on Pacing Strategies During Game-Based Activities
Authors: Johnston Rich D. , Gabbett Tim J. , Seibold Anthony J. , Jenkins David G. 
Published: January 2014

Purpose:Repeated sprinting incorporating tackles leads to greater reductions in sprint performance than repeated sprinting alone. However, the influence of physical contact on the running demands of game-based activities is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether the addition of physical contact altered pacing strategies during game-based activities.Methods:Twenty-three elite youth rugby league players were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 played the contact game on day 1 while group 2 played the noncontact game; 72 h later they played the alternate game. Each game consisted of offside touch on a 30 × 70-m field, played over two 8-min halves. Rules were identical between games except the contact game included a 10-s wrestle bout every 50 s. Microtechnology devices were used to analyze player movements.Results:There were greater average reductions during the contact game for distance (25%, 38 m/min, vs 10%, 20 m/min; effect size [ES] = 1.78 ± 1.02) and low-speed distance (21%, 24 m/min, vs 0%, 2 m/s; ES = 1.38 ± 1.02) compared with the noncontact game. There were similar reductions in high-speed running (41%, 18 m/min, vs 45%, 15 m/min; ES = 0.15 ± 0.95).Conclusions:The addition of contact to game-based activities causes players to reduce low-speed activity in an attempt to maintain high-intensity activities. Despite this, players were unable to maintain high-speed running while performing contact efforts. Improving a player’s ability to perform contact efforts while maintaining running performance should be a focus in rugby league training.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Synechococcus
sp. Strain CB0101, Isolated From the Chesapeake Bay Estuary
Authors: Marsan David , Wommack K. Eric , Ravel Jacques , Chen Feng 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of the estuarine
Synechococcus
sp. strain CB0101. The genomics information of this strain will facilitate the study of the poorly understood
Synechococcus
subcluster 5.2 and how this strain is capable of thriving in a dynamic estuarine system, such as the Chesapeake Bay.
Genome Sequence of Lactobacillus plantarum EGD-AQ4, Isolated from Fermented Product of Northeast India
Authors: Qureshi Asifa , Itankar Yogeshwari , Ojha Ramkrishna , Mandal Manabendra , Khardenavis Anshuman , Kapley Atya , Purohit Hemant J. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT

We present a draft genome sequence of
Lactobacillus plantarum
strain EGD-AQ4, isolated from nonalcoholic fermented bamboo shoot products of Northeast India. The size of the draft genome sequence is the largest among all the reported genome sequences of
Lactobacillus plantarum
, thus enabling the exploration of new gene clusters involved in various functional and probiotic attributes.
Whole-Genome Sequences of Two Strains of Porcine Circovirus 2 Isolated from Calves in Germany
Authors: Halami Mohammad Yahya , Müller Hermann , Böttcher Jens , Vahlenkamp Thomas W. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT
Two new strains of porcine circovirus type 2 virus (PCV2), strains Ha09 and Ha10, were detected in calves in Germany, and the complete genome of each virus has been sequenced and analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that these strains belong to the PCV2b genotype cluster, a highly prevalent genotype found worldwide.
Complete Genome Sequence of Spiroplasma apis B31
T
(ATCC 33834), a Bacterium Associated with May Disease of Honeybees (Apis mellifera)
Authors: Ku Chuan , Lo Wen-Sui , Chen Ling-Ling , Kuo Chih-Horng 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT

Spiroplasma apis
B31
T
(ATCC 33834) is a wall-less bacterium in the class
Mollicutes
that has been linked to May disease of honeybees (
Apis mellifera
). Here, we report the complete genome sequence of this bacterium to facilitate the investigation of its virulence factors.
Infiltration of inflammatory cells expressing mitochondrial proteins around bile ducts and in biliary epithelial layer may be involved in the pathogenesis in primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: Sasaki Motoko , Kakuda Yuko , Miyakoshi Masami , Sato Yasunori , Nakanuma Yasuni 
Published: January 2014

AimsSerum antimitochondrial antibodies are characteristic in most patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC); however, the significance of antimitochondrial antibodies in the pathogenesis of PBC remains unclear. We examined the extent and types of mitochondrial protein-expressing inflammatory cells and its association with deregulated autophagy of mitochondria in biliary epithelial lesions in PBC.MethodsWe examined the expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex-E2 component and a mitochondrial protein cytochrome c oxidase, subunit I in inflammatory cells in livers taken from patients with PBC (n=35) and control livers (n=64) including primary sclerosing cholangitis. Mitochondrial protein-expressing inflammatory cells were characterised by double immunofluorescence with surface markers.ResultsInfiltration of mitochondrial protein-expressing inflammatory cells was mainly observed in portal tracts and in the biliary epithelial layer and around the damaged small bile ducts in PBC. The extent of infiltration in portal tracts was significantly higher in PBC and early stage of chronic viral hepatitis than normal livers. The extent of infiltration around bile ducts and in biliary epithelial layer was significantly higher in early stage of PBC than control livers. Mitochondrial protein-expressing inflammatory cells included (1) CD68 and/or myeloperoxidase -positive monocytes/macrophages and (2) CD79a, CD38, CD138, IgM-positive and/or IgG-positive plasma cells. Colocalised expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex-E2 component and autophagy marker light chain 3β was observed in the inflammatory cells.ConclusionsMitochondrial protein-expressing inflammatory cells infiltrating around the damaged bile ducts and in biliary epithelial layers may be closely associated with the pathogenesis of bile duct lesion in PBC.
Predictors of mental health competence in a population cohort of Australian children
Authors: Goldfeld Sharon , Kvalsvig Amanda , Incledon Emily , O'Connor Meredith , Mensah Fiona 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundThe child mental health epidemiology literature focuses almost exclusively on reporting the prevalence and predictors of child mental disorders. However, there is growing recognition of positive mental health or mental health competence as an independent outcome that cannot be inferred from the absence of problems, and requires epidemiological investigation in its own right.MethodsWe developed a novel measure of child mental health competence within the framework of the Australian Early Development Index, a three-yearly national census of early child development. Predictors of this outcome were investigated by linking these census data at individual level to detailed background information collected by a large longitudinal cohort study.ResultsPredictors of competence were consistent with previously described theoretical and empirical models. Overall, boys were significantly less likely than girls to demonstrate a high level of competence (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.39 to 0.91). Other strong predictors of competence were parent education and a relative absence of maternal psychological distress; these factors also appeared to attenuate the negative effect of family hardship on child competence.ConclusionsThis measure of mental health competence shows promise as a population-level indicator with the potential benefit of informing and evaluating evidence-based public health intervention strategies that promote positive mental health.
Emergency reconstructive endovascular management of intraoperative complications involving the internal carotid artery from trans-sphenoidal surgery
Authors: Griauzde Julius , Gemmete Joseph J , Pandey Aditya S , McKean Erin L , Sullivan Stephen E , Chaudhary Neeraj 
Published: January 2014

PurposeTo report our experience with intraoperative complications involving the internal carotid artery (ICA) during trans-sphenoidal surgery and their outcome with reconstructive endovascular management.MethodsA retrospective review was conducted of patients with an ICA injury related to trans-sphenoidal surgery from 2000 to 2012. Demographic data, clinical charts, indications for treatment, radiographic images, lesion characteristics, operative notes, endovascular procedure notes and post-procedure hospital course were reviewed.ResultsThree men and one woman of mean age of 52 years (range 33–74) were identified. The lesions included two macroadenomas, one meningioma and one chondrosarcoma. Risk factors for ICA rupture included two patients with carotid dehiscence, one with sphenoid septal attachment to the ICA, two with revision surgery, one with prior radiation to the tumor, one with bromocriptine treatment and two with acromegaly. In three patients, covered stent placement achieved hemostasis at the site of injury within the ICA. One patient developed delayed bleeding 6 h after covered stent placement and underwent successful endovascular occlusion of the ICA but died 6 days after the injury. The fourth patient had an intraoperative ICA stroke requiring suction thrombectomy, thrombolysis, stent placement and evacuation of an epidural hematoma. At 1-year follow-up, two patients had a modified Rankin score (mRS) and National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of 0; in the patient who had a stroke the mRS score was 1 and the NIHSS score 2.ConclusionsEndovascular management with arterial reconstruction is helpful in the treatment of ICA injuries during trans-sphenoidal surgery.
Direct carotid artery puncture access for endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke: technical aspects, advantages, and limitations
Authors: Mokin Maxim , Snyder Kenneth V , Levy Elad I , Hopkins L Nelson , Siddiqui Adnan H 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundChallenging anatomy for carotid artery access can result in a delay to achieve successful recanalization in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Our objective was to study emergent direct percutaneous carotid artery puncture as an alternative access approach for acute endovascular stroke interventions.MethodsWe reviewed cases of acute ischemic stroke in which direct carotid artery puncture was used for access. We also reviewed current literature relevant to this subject.ResultsWe describe the technical aspects, limits, and potential complications associated with direct carotid artery puncture for intracranial acute ischemic stroke interventions, and present cases to illustrate the utility of this access approach.ConclusionsDirect carotid artery puncture is a feasible alternative to transfemoral artery access in cases of stroke with difficult anatomy, including unfavorable arch type, carotid tortuosity, or an ostial lesion.
The Scandinavian Caledonides: main features, conceptual advances and critical questions
Authors: Corfu F. , Andersen T. B. , Gasser D. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Thirty years of research, and especially the refinements of many geological, geochemical and geophysical techniques, have uncovered many new facets of the geology of the Scandinavian Caledonides, also correcting some fundamental misconceptions. Our present understanding is that of a sequence of allochthons, some derived from Baltica, but others of probably exotic origin, in part from the Laurentian margin that collided with Baltica, but perhaps also from other parts of Rodinia. The present paper summarizes the main features of the Scandinavian Caledonides, proposing some rethinking of the traditional schemes, which were developed lacking a substantial amount of the information we have today, and discusses the main advances since the last major synthesis in 1985.
Bridging Population and Tissue Scale Tumor Dynamics: A New Paradigm for Understanding Differences in Tumor Growth and Metastatic Disease
Authors: Gallaher Jill , Babu Aravind , Plevritis Sylvia , Anderson Alexander R.A. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
To provide a better understanding of the relationship between primary tumor growth rates and metastatic burden, we present a method that bridges tumor growth dynamics at the population level, extracted from the SEER database, to those at the tissue level. Specifically, with this method, we are able to relate estimates of tumor growth rates and metastatic burden derived from a population-level model to estimates of the primary tumor vascular response and the circulating tumor cell (CTC) fraction derived from a tissue-level model. Variation in the population-level model parameters produces differences in cancer-specific survival and cure fraction. Variation in the tissue-level model parameters produces different primary tumor dynamics that subsequently lead to different growth dynamics of the CTCs. Our method to bridge the population and tissue scales was applied to lung and breast cancer separately, and the results were compared. The population model suggests that lung tumors grow faster and shed a significant number of lethal metastatic cells at small sizes, whereas breast tumors grow slower and do not significantly shed lethal metastatic cells until becoming larger. Although the tissue-level model does not explicitly model the metastatic population, we are able to disengage the direct dependency of the metastatic burden on primary tumor growth by introducing the CTC population as an intermediary and assuming dependency. We calibrate the tissue-level model to produce results consistent with the population model while also revealing a more dynamic relationship between the primary tumor and the CTCs. This leads to exponential tumor growth in lung and power law tumor growth in breast. We conclude that the vascular response of the primary tumor is a major player in the dynamics of both the primary tumor and the CTCs, and is significantly different in breast and lung cancer. Cancer Res; 74(2); 426–35. ©2014 AACR.
Cancer Cells Exploit eIF4E2-Directed Synthesis of Hypoxia Response Proteins to Drive Tumor Progression
Authors: Uniacke James , Kishan Perera J. , Lachance Gabriel , Francisco Camille B. , Lee Stephen 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Human tumors display considerable diversity in their genetic makeup but share common physiologic attributes such as a hypoxic microenvironment that contribute to the malignant phenotype. Hypoxic cells switch from eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) to eIF4E2 cap-dependent translation to synthesize a portion of their proteins. Here, we show that genetically distinct human cancer cells exploit eIF4E2-directed protein synthesis to form cellular masses larger than approximately 0.15 mm, the diffusion limit of oxygen. Cancer cells depleted of eIF4E2 are indistinguishable from control cells under normoxic conditions, but are unable to survive and proliferate in low oxygen conditions. Activation of eIF4E2-directed translation is essential for cancer cells to form a hypoxic tumor core in in vitro spheroids and to form detectable tumors in in vivo xenograft assays. In contrast, the eIF4E-directed protein synthesis pathway alone cannot sustain cellular adaptation to hypoxia in vitro or confer tumorigenic potential in xenograft assays. These data demonstrate that the phenotypic expression of the cancer genome requires translation by the eIF4E2-directed hypoxic protein synthesis machinery. Cancer Res; 74(5); 1379–89. ©2014 AACR.