bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of periodontitis on oral health‐related quality of life: a review of the evidence from observational studies
Authors: Al‐Harthi LS , Cullinan MP , Leichter JW , Thomson WM 
Published: August 2013

AbstractModern population based oral health management requires a complete understanding of the impact of disease in order to provide efficient and effective oral health care and guidance. Periodontitis is an important cause of tooth loss and has been shown to be associated with a number of systemic conditions. The impact of oral conditions and disorders on quality of life has been extensively studied. However, the impact of periodontitis on quality of life has received less attention. This review summarizes the literature on the impact of periodontitis on oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL). Relevant publications were identified after searching the MEDLINE and EMBASE electronic databases. Screening of titles and abstracts and data extraction was conducted. Only observational studies were included in this review. Most of the reviewed studies reported a negative impact of periodontitis on OHRQoL. However, the reporting standards varied across studies. Moreover, most of the studies were conducted in developed countries.
Current perspectives on the role of ridge (socket) preservation procedures in dental implant treatment in the aesthetic zone
Authors: Kassim B , Ivanovski S , Mattheos N 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAugmentation of the extraction socket (ridge preservation) is increasingly being advocated in anticipation of implant placement. The aim of this article is to review the available evidence with regards to ridge preservation procedures, investigating whether these techniques improve dental implant treatment outcomes. Evidence is examined to compare these techniques to other treatment alternatives such as implant placement with simultaneous lateral augmentation. An electronic PubMed search was conducted using search terms relevant to assessing treatment outcomes in association with ridge preservation. Titles were screened and full text obtained where relevant. Further full text articles were obtained from analysis of those papers yielded from the original search. Twenty‐two papers were finally selected for analysis. Ridge preservation techniques are effective in minimizing post‐extraction alveolar ridge contraction. However, there is insufficient evidence to suggest that the use of these techniques in conjunction with dental implant treatment improves implant treatment outcomes. Furthermore, ridge preservation does not necessarily eliminate the need for further simultaneous augmentation at the time of implant placement. The delayed healing associated with ridge preservation using socket grafting necessitates a commitment to a delayed placement protocol. The extended treatment time, compromised healing and expense related to ridge preservation suggests a more cautious approach with regards to the indication of such techniques.
Biogeographical relations of a hyperarid desert flora in eastern Egypt
Authors: El‐Ghani Monier Abd , Salama Fawzy , Salem Boshra , El‐Hadidy Azza , Abdel‐Aleem Mohamed 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe floristic composition and geographical elements of the study area were analysed resulted in 328 species representing 206 genera in 55 families. This study confirmed the record of fourteen species, mostly weeds, which can be considered as new additions to the flora of the study area. Therophytes were the dominant life form, while mono‐ and bi‐regional Saharo‐Sindian geoelements were the most represented. Ten species showed dominancy with their Q‐values ranged between 0.802 and 0.2, where Zilla spinosa and Zygophyllum coccineum were of common occurrence. Application of cluster analysis and DCA ordination techniques produced four major floristic groups (A–D) comprising seven subgroups. The correlation coefficients (r) between the different subgroups revealed high significant correlations (P = 0.01) between floristic group (B) and subgroup (C2) and between subgroups (D1) and (D2). Significant correlations (P = 0.05) occurred between subgroup (D1) and both of (A1) and (C2). Comparing the floristic similarities between this investigation and other relevant studies were presented and discussed. On the other hand, the low similarity index between the study area and Sinai may be attributed to the geographical position of both deserts where Sinai desert is part of the Irano‐Turanian region, while the Eastern Desert is a part of the Saharo‐Sindian region.
Elective versus emergency abdominal surgery following cardiac transplantation: a Victorian state transplant service experience
Authors: Kras Ashley L. , Yo Shaun W. , Marasco Silvana F. , Wale Roger , Warrier Satish K. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundHeart transplant patients constitute a unique patient cohort with multiple risk factors predictive of poor surgical outcome. The Alfred Hospital offers the only heart transplant service in Victoria, Australia. This article presents The Alfred Hospital's experience with outcomes of abdominal operations in the heart transplant patient population.MethodsThe statewide cardiothoracic registry was cross‐referenced with The Alfred Hospital's electronic hospital database to identify heart transplant patients who had undergone abdominal surgery from 2002 to November 2012. Patients who met the inclusion criteria were evaluated in two groups: elective and emergency surgical settings. In the emergency group, risk factors recorded for poor surgical outcome were high‐dose immunosuppression therapy, diabetes and other conventional vascular risk factors. Outcome measures assessed in both groups were length of stay, readmission within 30 days and 1‐year mortality.ResultsTwelve patients were identified who underwent 13 abdominal operations. Eight were elective cases and five were emergent abdominal operations. The mean length of stay was shorter in the elective group than the emergency group (2.5 days versus 21.3 days). There was one readmission within 30 days, and no mortality at 1 year following elective surgery. In the emergency surgery group, two patients were readmitted within 30 days post‐operatively, and there were two deaths observed in this group.ConclusionThe Alfred Hospital experience demonstrates that elective abdominal surgery following heart transplantation can be performed safely. Emergent surgery in this group of patients, however, is associated with poorer outcomes.
Bone health medication and adults with intellectual disabilities: an audit of bone health medication dispensed by a pharmacist in long‐term care
Authors: Flood Bernadette 
Published: August 2013

Accessible summaryPeople with intellectual disabilities.

Need to protect their bone health.

May take medication that weakens their bones.

Adults with intellectual disabilities should protect their bones by

Taking exercise.

Eating well.

Taking bone health medicines like calcium and vitamin D and other medicines if they need them.

Pharmacists know about medicines to protect bone health.
‘IT skills for modern day living’ – supporting adults with disabilities to access lifelong learning
Authors: Wende Joana 
Published: August 2013

Accessible summaryThis article is about a computer course for adults with disabilities, called ‘IT Skills for Modern Day Living’.

IT stands for Information Technology and means how computers can be used.
In the course, people learn about how to use computers in their ordinary daily routine.
The course takes place at Enable Ireland's day services centre in Limerick. Enable Ireland provides supports to children and adults with disabilities and their families.
There are five modules. After the students have been introduced to computers, they learn about how to stay safe when using the internet, for example on a social networking site. Students also learn how to write letters on the computer and how to upload pictures from a digital camera or mobile phone.
Identifying the types of technology that are used by children with intellectual disabilities and associated complex needs living at home in Ireland
Authors: Nicholl Honor , Doyle Carmel , Moran Sinead , Guilfoyle MaryJo 
Published: August 2013

Accessible summary

This research indentifies the types of technology children with complex needs use at home.

Many types of equipment were identified.

Parents need support in using this equipment.

SummaryWithin the literature, there is evidence that caring for children with complex needs, however defined, includes the management of equipment and resources (Child Care Health Dev, 2001, 27, 321; Technology Dependent Children and Family Life. Research Works, University of York, UK, Social Policy Research Unit, 2003; Journal of Specialists in Pediatric Nursing, 2007, 12, 72; Caring for Children with Complex Needs in the Community, Oxford, Blackwell Publishing, 2008). The objectives of this mixed method study were to identify the range of technology used by children with complex needs and identify issues of concern for parents. Data were collected using a specifically designed questionnaire that was developed with experts. The questionnaire was subsequently administered by telephone survey and personal contact with parents of children with complex needs. Findings indicated that children with intellectual disabilities* and associated complex needs require the use of high levels of technology** to maintain their health and well‐being. On average, families identified that 22 pieces of equipment were used by their child. This study is significant in identifying technology used in the home for the care of children with intellectual disabilities and associated complex needs. Associated issues concerning the use and management of this technology have been highlighted. Areas in need of development include provision of supporting mechanisms for parents to meet the daily requirements of their child in the home.
Ireland's ratification of the UN convention on the rights of persons with disabilities: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Doyle Suzanne , Flynn Eilionóir 
Published: August 2013

Accessible summary

Being an adult gives people a right to make their own decisions.

This right is called legal capacity.

However, some adults need help with making decisions, and some adults need support to explain their decisions to others.

Some of the laws in Ireland are outdated, and as a result, some adults, who are able to make their own decisions, do not get to make their own decisions.

The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) says that all people have legal capacity, that is, the right to make their own decisions and have these decisions respected by law.

The United Nations Convention wants Ireland to put new laws in place so that decisions that are made which respect the will and preferences of that person.

Ireland needs to put these new laws in place so that Ireland can ratify the treaty of the United Nations. Ratifying a treaty means that a country agrees to do what that treaty says.

Organisations who work with and advocate for people with disabilities have been trying to make sure that the new law does what Article 12 says.

SummaryIreland was amongst the first signatories of the CRPD on the 30th of March 2007. The Irish government has stated that the barrier to ratification of the Convention is Ireland's out‐dated wards of court system which, upon a finding of incapacity, removes all decision‐making rights (legal capacity) from an individual. This paper examines the implications of Article 12 of the CRPD which prohibits the removal of a person's legal capacity and instead requires the provision by States Parties of the supports necessary to ensure that a person can exercise their legal capacity on an equal basis with others. The paper charts the progress towards ratification by analysing the proposals for reform pre‐CRPD, focusing on the reform of the law on legal capacity as well as the advocacy of civil society organisations on this issue. It concludes with setting out and commenting on government statements on the content of the forthcoming published legislation and makes tentative remarks based on this. The reason for focusing on legal capacity reform is that this is the only issue which has been highlighted by government as a barrier to Ireland's ratification of the CRPD.
Free play time of children with learning disabilities in a noninclusive preschool setting: an analysis of play and nonplay behaviours
Authors: Fallon Joanne , MacCobb Siobhan 
Published: August 2013

Accessible summary

Some children with disabilities go to special preschools where adults help them play.

The adults who work in preschools sometimes ask occupational therapists for advice to help children play more.

Occupational therapists need to know how children play when not helped by adults.

This study videoed children playing both with lots of toys and without toys to see how they chose to play.

SummaryWithin the Republic of Ireland, young children with learning disabilities may attend special preschools where they do not share any part of their day with typically developing children. Within these settings, preschool staff support children's play. Clinicians such as occupational therapists may be called upon to assist in progressing their play. To provide appropriate recommendations, occupational therapists must have a clear understanding of what play a child with learning disabilities engages in when not supported by adults. Occupational therapy literature described play as the most common occupation of children with a focus on process‐driven activity. This may be at odds with a model of early intervention, where play is often product‐driven, with the end goal in mind. The aim of this research was to establish what free play, if any, children with learning disabilities engage in when not supported by adults in an Irish preschool setting. Secondly, this study sought to describe what behaviours these children engage in when they were not playing. Finally, this study sought to establish inter‐rater reliability of the Revised Know Preschool Play Scale with this small sample. Systematic observation was used to explore the play and nonplay behaviours of the children involved. A convenience sample was used to identify five children to participate in the study. Results indicated that children engaged in free play within the sensory motor stage of development, as assessed using the Revised Knox Preschool Play Scale. They also spent significant time in nonplay behaviours. The behaviour patterns of the children and time spent in different activities were explored.
Complement alternative pathway genetic variation and Dengue infection in the Thai population
Authors: Kraivong R , Vasanawathana S , Limpitikul W , Malasit P , Tangthawornchaikul N , Botto M , Screaton G R , Mongkolsapaya J , Pickering M C 
Published: August 2013

Summary
Dengue disease is a mosquito-borne infection caused by Dengue virus. Infection may be asymptomatic or variably manifest as mild Dengue fever (DF) to the most severe form, Dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF). Mechanisms that influence disease severity are not understood. Complement, an integral component of the immune system, is activated during Dengue infection and the degree of activation increases with disease severity. Activation of the complement alternative pathway is influenced by polymorphisms within activation (factor B rs12614/rs641153, C3 rs2230199) and regulatory [complement factor H (CFH) rs800292] proteins, collectively termed a complotype. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the complotype influences disease severity during secondary Dengue infection. In addition to the complotype, we also assessed two other disease-associated CFH polymorphisms (rs1061170, rs3753394) and a structural polymorphism within the CFH protein family. We did not detect any significant association between the examined polymorphisms and Dengue infection severity in the Thai population. However, the minor allele frequencies of the factor B and C3 polymorphisms were less than 10%, so our study was not sufficiently powered to detect an association at these loci. We were also unable to detect a direct interaction between CFH and Dengue NS1 using both recombinant NS1 and DV2-infected culture supernatants. We conclude that the complotype does not influence secondary Dengue infection severity in the Thai population.
Inactivity on the kidney transplant wait‐list is associated with inferior pre‐ and post‐transplant outcomes
Authors: Norman Silas Prescod , Kommareddi Mallika , Luan Fu Lung 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe majority of kidney transplant (KT) candidates spend some time on the transplant wait‐list (WL) prior to kidney transplantation. We examined the impact of WL inactivity on clinical outcomes.MethodsAll adult KT candidates first actively wait‐listed between January 1, 1996, and December 31, 2005, in the United States were grouped by frequency of inactivity on the WL. Transplantation rate, pre‐ and post‐transplant patient survival and death‐censored kidney graft survival were compared.ResultsOf 159 774 candidates who were placed on the WL, 48 598 (30.4%) experienced one or more periods of inactivity. Candidates with inactivity once or more on the WL had 42% and 27% less likelihood of KT, respectively (HR 0.58, 95% CI 0.57, 0.59 and HR 0.73, 95% CI 0.71, 0.75). WL inactivity once or more was associated with a higher likelihood of death (HR 1.94, 95% CI 1.88, 2.00 and HR 2.13, 95% CI 2.02, 2.24). Among KT recipients, inactivity more than once on the WL was associated with a higher risk of death (HR 1.14, 95% CI 1.05, 1.23).ConclusionsPeriods of inactivity on the WL predict increased mortality pre‐ and post‐transplantation. A better understanding of the reasons for WL inactivity is essential to improve WL management and post‐transplant outcomes.
A critical analysis of early death after adult liver transplants
Authors: Rana Abbas , Kaplan Bruce , Jie Tun , Porubsky Marian , Habib Shahid , Rilo Horacio , Gruessner Angelika C. , Gruessner Rainer W.G. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIntroductionThe 15% mortality rate of liver transplant recipients at one yr may be viewed as a feat in comparison with the waiting list mortality, yet it nonetheless leaves room for much improvement. Our aim was to critically examine the mortality rates to identify high‐risk periods and to incorporate cause of death into the analysis of post‐transplant survival.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis on United Network for Organ Sharing data for all adult recipients of liver transplants from January 1, 2002 to October 31, 2011. Our analysis included multivariate logistic regression where the primary outcome measure was patient death of 49 288 recipients.ResultsThe highest mortality rate by day post‐transplant was on day 0 (0.9%). The most significant risk factors were as follows: for one‐d mortality from technical failure, intensive care unit admission odds ratio (OR 3.2); for one‐d mortality from graft failure, warm ischemia >75 min (OR 5.6); for one‐month mortality from infection, a previous transplant (OR 3.3); and for one‐month mortality from graft failure, a previous transplant (OR 3.7).ConclusionWe found that the highest mortality rate after liver transplantation is within the first day and the first month post‐transplant. Those two high‐risk periods have common, as well as different, risk factors for mortality.
Liver transplantation after severe hepatic trauma: a sustainable practice. A single‐center experience and review of the literature
Authors: Patrono Damiano , Brunati Andrea , Romagnoli Renato , Salizzoni Mauro 
Published: August 2013

AbstractSevere hepatic trauma is a rare indication for liver transplantation (LT). We report our single‐center experience of LT for hepatic trauma. Four new cases are discussed in light of a literature review in order to depict the pathways leading from hepatic trauma to LT and to assess the outcomes of this practice. LT is generally indicated in case of uncontrollable hemorrhage, acute liver failure, or post‐traumatic late sequelae. Hepatic vessels thrombosis, sepsis, major hepatic resections, and a late referral are factors associated with the progression toward irreversible liver failure. Considering all reported cases, early patient and graft survival reached 68% and 62%, respectively, but in the last decade both have improved to 84%. LT after severe hepatic trauma is a sustainable practice considering the current good outcomes and the ineluctable death of these patients without LT.
Socioeconomic status and functional brain development – associations in early infancy
Authors: Tomalski Przemyslaw , Moore Derek G. , Ribeiro Helena , Axelsson Emma L. , Murphy Elizabeth , Karmiloff‐Smith Annette , Johnson Mark H. , Kushnerenko Elena 
Published: August 2013

AbstractSocioeconomic status (SES) impacts on both structural and functional brain development in childhood, but how early its effects can be demonstrated is unknown. In this study we measured resting baseline EEG activity in the gamma frequency range in awake 6–9‐month‐olds from areas of East London with high socioeconomic deprivation. Between‐subject comparisons of infants from low‐ and high‐income families revealed significantly lower frontal gamma power in infants from low‐income homes. Similar power differences were found when comparing infants according to maternal occupation, with lower occupational status groups yielding lower power. Infant sleep, maternal education, length of gestation, and birth weight, as well as smoke exposure and bilingualism, did not explain these differences. Our results show that the effects of socioeconomic disparities on brain activity can already be detected in early infancy, potentially pointing to very early risk for language and attention difficulties. This is the first study to reveal region‐selective differences in functional brain development associated with early infancy in low‐income families.
Presence of Preoperative Diastolic Dysfunction Predicts Postoperative Pulmonary Edema and Cardiovascular Complications in Patients Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery
Authors: Cho Dong‐Hyuk , Park Seong‐Mi , Kim Mi‐Na , Kim Su‐A , Lim HaeJa , Shim Wan‐Joo 
Published: August 2013

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction on predicting postoperative pulmonary edema and major cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients who underwent low‐ or intermediate‐risk noncardiac surgery.MethodsA total of 692 patients aged >60 years who underwent transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) before undergoing elective low‐ or intermediate‐risk noncardiac surgery were prospectively enrolled. The medical history and TTE variables were assessed. Each patient was clinically evaluated for postoperative pulmonary edema and MACE. The presence of postoperative pulmonary edema and MACE were evaluated during a 30‐day follow‐up period after surgery.ResultsWe identified 166 patients with pulmonary edema and 49 patients with MACE. After adjusting for clinical and TTE variables, multivariate analysis demonstrated that a ratio of early transmitral flow velocity to early diastolic velocity of the mitral annulus (E/e′) >15, pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) ≥35 mmHg, and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) were significantly associated with postoperative pulmonary edema (E/e′, P < 0.001: PASP, P = 0.005; LVH, P = 0.017). The multivariate analysis for MACE after adjusting for clinical risk factors indicated that MACE were significantly associated with an E/e′ > 15 (P < 0.001).ConclusionE/e′ > 15, PASP elevation, and LVH on preoperative TTE predicted postoperative pulmonary edema, and E/e′ > 15 predicted MACE in the patients who underwent low‐ or intermediate‐risk noncardiac surgery. Thus, we believe that clinicians need to be cautious when providing perioperative care to patients with high E/e′ ratios who are indicated for TTE.