bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parental experiences of their infant's hospitalization for cardiac surgery
Authors: Kosta L. , Harms L. , Franich‐Ray C. , Anderson V. , Northam E. , Cochrane A. , Menahem S. , Jordan B. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundParents are increasingly recognized as important partners in children's health care. Despite their involvement in care, parental experiences of their child's hospitalization have received little research attention. In this study we explored parents' perceptions of what they found difficult, what they would like to be different and what they found to be helpful during their infant's hospitalization and surgery for the treatment of congenital heart disease.MethodsStructured interviews were conducted with 154 parents (91 mothers, 63 fathers) whose infant underwent cardiac surgery (at <3 months of age) 1 month post discharge from hospital. Thematic and frequency analyses were performed.ResultsParents reported a range of difficulties from dealing with their baby's unfolding illness, surgery and recovery to the structural and systemic issues associated with the broader context of their experiences. In an effort to be near their baby, parents struggled to obtain the necessities for daily living at the hospital and negotiate transitions between their hospital and home lives throughout the admission. Domains parents identified for change included the availability of facilities and resources and the quantity and quality of information and emotional support. Parents reported relationships with hospital staff as the most common source of support during this challenging time.ConclusionsOpportunities to improve parents' experiences when their infant is in hospital exist at an organizational level as well as at the clinical level. The significance of parents' relationship with hospital staff indicates the potential for each professional to impact on families' experiences on a daily basis. The range of challenges indicates the scope and need for allied health services.
Partnership between child protective services and parent representatives
Authors: Lalayants Marina 
Published: February 2015

AbstractExamples of parent representation programmes in child welfare have been growing in an effort to promote family engagement, empowerment of child welfare‐involved parents and a family‐centred approach. Although research on overall benefits of the parent representation model is slowly emerging, no knowledge exists on how child welfare agencies adjust to the inclusion of parent representatives. This study examined the perceptions of partnership between child protective services staff and parent representatives by describing the nature of relationships, discussing the challenges in collaborative relationships and identifying strategies promoting collaboration. Implications are drawn concerning the attitudes towards and perceptions of parent representatives in child protective practice as well as supports needed to successfully promote and implement partnerships between parent representatives and child protective services.
LEADER 2: baseline calcitonin in 9340 people with type 2 diabetes enrolled in the Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes: Evaluation of cardiovascular outcome Results (LEADER) trial: preliminary observations
Authors: Daniels G. H. , Hegedüs L. , Marso S. P. , Nauck M. A. , Zinman B. , Bergenstal R. M. , Mann J. F. E. , Derving Karsbøl J. , Moses A. C. , Buse J. B. , Tuttle R. M. ,   on behalf of the LEADER trial investigators
Published: February 2015

AimsTo report preliminary data on baseline serum calcitonin concentrations and associated clinical characteristics in a global population with type 2 diabetes before liraglutide or placebo randomization.MethodsThe ongoing LEADER trial has enrolled 9340 people with type 2 diabetes and at high risk of cardiovascular disease at 410 centres worldwide. People with baseline serum calcitonin ≤50 ng/l were randomized to liraglutide once daily or placebo and will be followed for up to 5 years. Serum calcitonin was measured at baseline and will be measured annually thereafter. An independent committee of thyroid experts will oversee calcitonin monitoring throughout the trial and will review all calcitonin concentrations ≥20 ng/l.ResultsThe mean age of participants was 64.3 ± 7.2 years, 64.3% were men, and mean the body mass index was 32.5 ± 6.3 kg/m2. The median (interquartile range) baseline serum calcitonin values were 3.9 (1.0 to >7.6) ng/l in men and 1.0 (1.0 to >1) ng/l in women. Serum calcitonin was >10 ng/l in 14.6% of men and in 0.96% of women. In sex‐specific multivariable linear analysis of covariance models, a reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was associated with higher serum calcitonin concentrations that were statistically significant. A 20 ml/min/1.73 m2 decrease in estimated GFR (eGFR) was associated with a 14% increase in serum calcitonin in women and an 11% increase in men.ConclusionsIn the LEADER population, the prevalence of elevated serum calcitonin concentrations at baseline was high, and there was an inverse association between eGFR and serum calcitonin concentrations.
Utility of 3D multimodality imaging in the implantation of intracranial electrodes in epilepsy
Authors: Nowell Mark , Rodionov Roman , Zombori Gergely , Sparks Rachel , Winston Gavin , Kinghorn Jane , Diehl Beate , Wehner Tim , Miserocchi Anna , McEvoy Andrew W. , Ourselin Sebastien , Duncan John 
Published: February 2015

SummaryObjectiveWe present a single‐center prospective study, validating the use of 3D multimodality imaging (3DMMI) in patients undergoing intracranial electroencephalography (IC‐EEG).MethodsIC‐EEG implantation preparation entails first designing of the overall strategy of implantation (strategy) and second the precise details of implantation (planning). For each case, the multidisciplinary team made decisions on strategy and planning before the disclosure of multimodal brain imaging models. Any changes to decisions, following disclosure of the multimodal models, were recorded.ResultsDisclosure of 3DMMI led to a change in strategy in 15 (34%) of 44 individuals. The changes included addition and subtraction of electrodes, addition of grids, and going directly to resection. For the detailed surgical planning, 3DMMI led to a change in 35 (81%) of 43 individuals. Twenty‐five (100%) of 25 patients undergoing stereo‐EEG (SEEG) underwent a change in electrode placement, with 158 (75%) of 212 electrode trajectories being altered.SignificanceThe use of 3DMMI makes substantial changes in clinical decision making.
Postmarketing surveillance of telaprevir‐based triple therapy for chronic hepatitis C in Japan
Authors: Shiraishi Muneshige , Umebayashi Itsuro , Matsuda Hiroaki , Sawamura Keisuke , Okada Aiko , Karino Masako , Nogami Yoshihide 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAimAn observational postmarketing study was conducted to evaluate the real‐world safety and efficacy of an NS3‐4A protease inhibitor, telaprevir (TVR), in combination with pegylated interferon‐α‐2b (PEG IFN) and ribavirin (RBV), for patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Here, we report an interim analysis of data from 3563 patients.MethodsPatients were treated with TVR, PEG IFN and RBV for 12 weeks, followed by PEG IFN and RBV for 12 weeks (triple therapy). Safety was evaluated throughout the 24‐week treatment period. Risk factors for development of the three important adverse drug reactions (ADR), skin disorders, grade 3 anemia (hemoglobin level <8 g/dL) and serious renal dysfunction, were analyzed using a multivariate logistic regression model. Efficacy was assessed on the basis of sustained virological response (SVR) after treatment completion.ResultsTotal and serious ADR were observed in 96.5% and 35.7% of patients, respectively. ADR related to skin disorders and anemia were frequently observed in this study and in the phase III clinical studies, whereas those related to serious renal dysfunction were new observations. Concomitantly, various predictive risk factors for development of the three important ADR were identified. The SVR rate was 87.7% in all patients. When patients were grouped by previous treatment history, SVR rates were 91.8% in naive patients, 91.0% in relapsers and 70.6% in non‐responders.ConclusionAlthough many ADR were observed, they can be controllable with appropriate risk management strategies based on the predictive risk factors for important ADR. Furthermore, the efficacy of the triple therapy was found to be favorable.
LRP5 deficiency down‐regulates Wnt signalling and promotes aortic lipid infiltration in hypercholesterolaemic mice
Authors: Borrell‐Pagès Maria , Romero July Carolina , Badimon Lina 
Published: February 2015

AbstractLow‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 5 (LRP5) is a member of the LDLR family that orchestrates cholesterol homoeostasis. The role of LRP5 and the canonical Wnt pathway in the vascular wall of dyslipidaemic animals remains unknown. In this study, we analysed the role of LRP5 and the Wnt signalling pathway in mice fed a hypercholesterolaemic diet (HC) to trigger dyslipidaemia. We show that Lrp5−/− mice had larger aortic lipid infiltrations than wild‐type mice, indicating a protective role for LRP5 in the vascular wall. Three members of the LDLR family, Lrp1, Vldlr and Lrp6, showed up‐regulated gene expression levels in aortas of Lrp5−/− mice fed a hypercholesterolaemic diet. HC feeding in Lrp5−/− mice induced higher macrophage infiltration in the aortas and accumulation of inflammatory cytokines in blood. Wnt/β‐CATENIN signalling proteins were down‐regulated in HC Lrp5−/− mice indicating that LRP5 regulates the activation of Wnt signalling in the vascular wall. In conclusion, our findings show that LRP5 and the canonical Wnt pathway down‐regulation regulate the dyslipidaemic profile by promoting lipid and macrophage retention in the vessel wall and increasing leucocyte‐driven systemic inflammation.
Impacts of the Great East Japan Earthquake on diabetic patients
Authors: Tanaka Mamiko , Imai Junta , Satoh Michihiro , Hashimoto Takanao , Izumi Tomohito , Sawada Shojiro , Uno Kenji , Hasegawa Yutaka , Kaneko Keizo , Yamada Tetsuya , Ishigaki Yasushi , Imai Yutaka , Katagiri Hideki 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAims/IntroductionWe investigated impacts of the Great East Japan Earthquake on diabetic patients and characterized those with disaster‐susceptible diabetes.Materials and MethodsWe enrolled 497 diabetic patients who had been followed at hospitals in devastated areas. We collected metabolic parameters prospectively, 1 and 3 months after the earthquake, and retrospectively for pre‐earthquake time‐points. Questionnaire surveys were carried out regarding earthquake‐related damage and post‐earthquake lifestyle alterations. Available data were analyzed to examine associations with post‐earthquake glycosylated hemoglobin alterations.ResultsThe mean glycosylated hemoglobin level of the participants was not elevated at 1 month, and was significantly decreased at 3 months as compared with the pre‐earthquake glycosylated hemoglobin. There were no significant differences in earthquake‐related damage or lifestyle alterations between the improved and worsened glycemic control groups according to the data obtained from the questionnaire survey. As reported, fasting serum C‐peptide levels were significantly lower in the worsened glycemic control group (P < 0.05). Notably, plasma noradrenaline levels were significantly higher in the worsened glycemic control group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, at 1 month after the earthquake, the plasma noradrenaline level was significantly higher in the low C‐peptide group (fasting serum C‐peptide <1.0 ng/mL) than in the high C‐peptide group (fasting serum C‐peptide ≥1.0 ng/mL), but this difference had disappeared by 3 months after the earthquake. These findings show that post‐earthquake plasma noradrenaline levels were temporarily increased in the low C‐peptide group.ConclusionsSympathetic nerve activation might be elicited more easily in subjects with lower endogenous insulin secretory capacity, and could be involved in the mechanism underlying post‐earthquake worsening of glycemic control.
Can paternal leakage maintain sexually antagonistic polymorphism in the cytoplasm?
Authors: Kuijper B. , Lane N. , Pomiankowski A. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA growing number of studies in multicellular organisms highlight low or moderate frequencies of paternal transmission of cytoplasmic organelles, including both mitochondria and chloroplasts. It is well established that strict maternal inheritance is selectively blind to cytoplasmic elements that are deleterious to males – ’mother's curse’. But it is not known how sensitive this conclusion is to slight levels of paternal cytoplasmic leakage. We assess the scope for polymorphism when individuals bear multiple cytoplasmic alleles in the presence of paternal leakage, bottlenecks and recurrent mutation. When fitness interactions among cytoplasmic elements within an individual are additive, we find that sexually antagonistic polymorphism is restricted to cases of strong selection on males. However, when fitness interactions among cytoplasmic elements are nonlinear, much more extensive polymorphism can be supported in the cytoplasm. In particular, mitochondrial mutants that have strong beneficial fitness effects in males and weak deleterious fitness effects in females when rare (i.e. ’reverse dominance’) are strongly favoured under paternal leakage. We discuss how such epistasis could arise through preferential segregation of mitochondria in sex‐specific somatic tissues. Our analysis shows how paternal leakage can dampen the evolution of deleterious male effects associated with predominant maternal inheritance of cytoplasm, potentially explaining why ’mother's curse’ is less pervasive than predicted by earlier work.
Chaos to complexity: leveling the playing field for measuring value in primary care
Authors: Moran William P. , Zhang Jingwen , Gebregziabher Mulugeta , Brownfield Elisha L. , Davis Kimberly S. , Schreiner Andrew D. , Egan Brent M. , Greenberg Raymond S. , Kyle T. Rogers , Marsden Justin E. , Ball Sarah J. , Mauldin Patrick D. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesDevelop a risk‐stratification model that clusters primary care patients with similar co‐morbidities and social determinants and ranks ‘within‐practice’ clusters of complex patients based on likelihood of hospital and emergency department (ED) utilization.MethodsA retrospective cohort analysis was performed on 10 408 adults who received their primary care at the Medical University of South Carolina University Internal Medicine clinic. A two‐part generalized linear regression model was used to fit a predictive model for ED and hospital utilization. Agglomerative hierarchical clustering was used to identify patient subgroups with similar co‐morbidities.ResultsFactors associated with increased risk of utilization included specific disease clusters {e.g. renal disease cluster [rate ratio, RR = 5.47; 95% confidence interval (CI; 4.54, 6.59) P < 0.0001]}, low clinic visit adherence [RR = 0.33; 95% CI (0.28, 0.39) P < 0.0001] and census measure of high poverty rate [RR = 1.20; 95% CI (1.11, 1.28) P < 0.0001]. In the cluster model, a stable group of four clusters remained regardless of the number of additional clusters forced into the model. Although the largest number of high‐utilization patients (top 20%) was in the multiple chronic condition cluster (1110 out of 4728), the largest proportion of high‐utilization patients was in the renal disease cluster (67%).ConclusionsRisk stratification enhanced with disease clustering organizes a primary care population into groups of similarly complex patients so that care coordination efforts can be focused and value of care can be maximized.
Safety climate in Swiss hospital units: Swiss version of the Safety Climate Survey
Authors: Gehring Katrin , Mascherek Anna C. , Bezzola Paula , Schwappach David L.B. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesSafety climate measurements are a broadly used element of improvement initiatives. In order to provide a sound and easy‐to‐administer instrument for the use in Swiss hospitals, we translated the Safety Climate Survey into German and French.MethodsAfter translating the Safety Climate Survey into French and German, a cross‐sectional survey study was conducted with health care professionals (HCPs) in operating room (OR) teams and on OR‐related wards in 10 Swiss hospitals. Validity of the instrument was examined by means of Cronbach's alpha and missing rates of the single items. Item‐descriptive statistics group differences and percentage of ‘problematic responses’ (PPR) were calculated.Results3153 HCPs completed the survey (response rate: 63.4%). 1308 individuals were excluded from the analyses because of a profession other than doctor or nurse or invalid answers (n = 1845; nurses = 1321, doctors = 523). Internal consistency of the translated Safety Climate Survey was good (Cronbach's alpha German = 0.86; Cronbach's alpha French = 0.84). Missing rates at item level were rather low (0.23–4.3%). We found significant group differences in safety climate values regarding profession, managerial function, work area and time spent in direct patient care. At item level, 14 out of 21 items showed a PPR higher than 10%.ConclusionsResults indicate that the French and German translations of the Safety Climate Survey might be a useful measurement instrument for safety climate in Swiss hospital units. Analyses at item level allow for differentiating facets of safety climate into more positive and critical safety climate aspects.
Reactive Oxygen Species are not Increased in Resistant Oat Genotypes Challenged by Crown Rust Isolates
Authors: Figueiró Adriana de A. , Reese Neil , Gonzalez Hernandez Jose L. , Pacheco Marcelo Teixeira , Martinelli José Antonio , Federizzi Luiz Carlos , Delatorre Carla Andréa 
Published: February 2015

AbstractCrown rust (Puccinia coronata Corda f.sp. avenae) can devastate oats (Avena sativa). Oxidative stress is part of the resistance mechanism in several pathosystems, but in the oat–crown rust system, it is unclear, especially regarding partial resistance. We evaluated the effects of P. coronata on oxidative stress in oat cultivars: URS 21 (partially resistant), Leggett (race‐specific resistant), URS22 and Clintland 64 (susceptibles). Seedlings and plants were inoculated with P. coronata uredospores. Cultivars were assessed for antioxidant enzyme activity and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) hydrogen peroxide and superoxide. Due to the importance of the partial resistance of URS21, this cultivar and URS 22 were also appraised for total phenolics and the relative expression of oxidative stress genes. Postinoculation, Leggett and URS 21 showed no increased peroxide levels. The susceptible cultivars increased ROS and ascorbate peroxidase activity. Clintland 64 increased also catalase activity, whereas URS 22 increased glutathione reductase and the expression of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes. URS 21 showed almost no antioxidant enzyme induction. Shortly after inoculation, URS 21 showed increased expression of genes encoding lipoxygenase and peroxidase. Cultivars URS 21 and Leggett accumulated cell wall fluorescent compounds, phenolics being detected in the former. Oxidative stress appears not to cause the hypersensitive response in this pathosystem, but late ROS accumulation did occur in the susceptible cultivars. Cultivar URS 21 may, differently from other known mechanism to date, reduce ROS accumulation by increasing the level of phenolics, resulting in later pathogen and cell death, showing non‐specific resistance to races of the pathogen also at seedling stage.
Arabidopsis serotonin N‐acetyltransferase knockout mutant plants exhibit decreased melatonin and salicylic acid levels resulting in susceptibility to an avirulent pathogen
Authors: Lee Hyoung Yool , Byeon Yeong , Tan Dun‐Xian , Reiter Russel J. , Back Kyoungwhan 
Published: February 2015

AbstractSerotonin N‐acetyltransferase (SNAT) is the penultimate enzyme in the melatonin biosynthesis pathway in plants. We examined the effects of SNAT gene inactivation in two Arabidopsis T‐DNA insertion mutant lines. After inoculation with the avirulent pathogen Pseudomonas syringe pv. tomato DC3000 harboring the elicitor avrRpt2 (Pst‐avrRpt2), melatonin levels in the snat knockout mutant lines were 50% less than in wild‐type Arabidopsis Col‐0 plants. The snat knockout mutant lines exhibited susceptibility to pathogen infection that coincided with decreased induction of defense genes including PR1, ICS1, and PDF1.2. Because melatonin acts upstream of salicylic acid (SA) synthesis, the reduced melatonin levels in the snat mutant lines led to decreased SA levels compared to wild‐type, suggesting that the increased pathogen susceptibility of the snat mutant lines could be attributed to decreased SA levels and subsequent attenuation of defense gene induction. Exogenous melatonin treatment failed to induce defense gene expression in nahG Arabidopsis plants, but restored the induction of defense gene expression in the snat mutant lines. In addition, melatonin caused translocation of NPR1 (nonexpressor of PR1) protein from the cytoplasm into the nucleus indicating that melatonin‐elicited pathogen resistance in response to avirulent pathogen attack is SA‐dependent in Arabidopsis.
From Action to Typology? A Neuro‐evolutionary Perspective
Authors: Arbib Michael A. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe article offers an assessment of David Kemmerer's article ‘The Cross‐Linguistic Prevalence of SOV and SVO Word Orders Reflects the Sequential and Hierarchical Representation of Action in Broca's Area’ in the context of the question, ‘How did biological evolution yield a language‐ready brain?’ We argue that the path from praxic actions to grammatical structure is indirect and that comparative neurobiology of human and monkey and computational modeling of neural circuitry may both play a role complementary to that of human neurology and neurolinguistics in tracing the intricacies of that path. We conclude that (a) Kemmerer's focus on BA44 ignores the involvement of a larger system and that the key factor of subject salience is determined by regions outside BA44 supporting the perceptual salience of people within a scene; (b) the ability to process ‘non‐canonical’ structures (i.e., structures with a non‐default mapping between syntax and semantics) may have been crucial in the evolution of language, and (c) that constituent hierarchies (i.e., the ability to express increasingly more complex information by increasing constituent complexity) also play a particularly important role in explaining the communicative power of language.
A Macroscopic Model for Freeway Weaving Sections
Authors: Marczak Florian , Leclercq* Ludovic , Buisson Christine 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe objective of this article is to propose an analytical traffic model adapted to freeway weaving sections. To this aim, a theoretical weaving section is considered at the macroscopic level as the superposition of two merges and two diverges. The model endogenously incorporates the capacity drop related to the weaving lane changes. It only depends on six parameters: three parameters of the fundamental diagram (the free‐flow speed, the jam density, and the wave speed in congestion), the vehicles’ acceleration, the relaxation factor, and the length of the anticipation zone. A sensitivity analysis proves that the acceleration rate and the relaxation parameter most influence the capacity drop. The analytical model agrees well with microsimulation results and empirical data collected on a weaving section in France.