bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A real-time locating system observes physician time-motion patterns during walk-rounds: a pilot study
Authors: Ward David R , Ghali William A , Graham Alecia , Lemaire Jane B 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Background
Walk-rounds, a common component of medical education, usually consist of a combination of teaching outside the patient room as well as in the presence of the patient, known as bedside teaching. The proportion of time dedicated to bedside teaching has been declining despite research demonstrating its benefits. Increasing complexities of patient care and perceived impediments to workflow are cited as reasons for this declining use. Research using real-time locating systems (RTLS) has been purported to improve workflow through monitoring of patients and equipment. We used RTLS technology to observe and track patterns of movement of attending physicians during a mandatory once-weekly medical teaching team patient care rounding session endorsed as a walk-rounds format.

Methods
During a project to assess the efficacy of RTLS technology to track equipment and patients in a clinical setting, we conducted a small-scale pilot study to observe attending physician walk-round patterns during a mandatory once-weekly team rounding session. A consecutive sample of attending physicians on the unit was targeted, eight agreed to participate. Data collected using the RTLS were pictorially represented as linked points overlaying a floor plan of the unit to represent each physician’s motion through time. Visual analysis of time-motion was independently performed by two researchers and disagreement resolved through consensus. Rounding events were described as a sequence of approximate proportions of time engaged within or outside patient rooms.

Results
The patient care rounds varied in duration from 60 to 425 minutes. Median duration of rounds within patient rooms was approximately 33% of total time (range approximately 20-50%). Three general time-motion rounding patterns were observed: a first pattern that predominantly involved rounding in ward hallways and little time in patient rooms; a second pattern that predominantly involved time in a ward conference room; and a third balanced pattern characterized by equal proportions of time in patient rooms and in ward hallways.

Conclusions
Observation using RTLS technology identified distinct time-motion rounding patterns that hint at differing rounding styles across physicians. Future studies using this technology could examine how the division of time during walk-rounds impacts outcomes such as patient satisfaction, learner satisfaction, and physician workflow.
Effects of experimental conditions on the morphologies, structures and growth modes of pulsed laser-deposited CdS nanoneedles
Authors: Li Hui , Chen Li , Zhao Yu , Liu Xujun , Guan Leilei , Sun Jian , Wu Jiada , Xu Ning 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
CdS nanoneedles with different morphologies, structures, and growth modes have been grown on Ni-coated Si(100) surface under different experimental conditions by pulsed laser deposition method. The effects of catalyst layer, substrate temperature, and laser pulse energy on the growth of the CdS nanoneedles were studied in detail. It was confirmed that the formation of the molten catalyst spheres is the key to the nucleation of the CdS nanoneedles by observing the morphologies of the Ni catalyst thin films annealed at different substrate temperatures. Both the substrate temperature and laser pulse energy strongly affected the growth modes of the CdS nanoneedles. The secondary growth of the smaller nanoneedles on the top of the main nanoneedles was found at appropriate conditions. A group of more completed pictures of the growth modes of the CdS nanoneedles were presented.
Muscle motor point identification is essential for optimizing neuromuscular electrical stimulation use
Authors: Gobbo Massimiliano , Maffiuletti Nicola A , Orizio Claudio , Minetto Marco A 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Transcutaneous neuromuscular electrical stimulation applied in clinical settings is currently characterized by a wide heterogeneity of stimulation protocols and modalities. Practitioners usually refer to anatomic charts (often provided with the user manuals of commercially available stimulators) for electrode positioning, which may lead to inconsistent outcomes, poor tolerance by the patients, and adverse reactions. Recent evidence has highlighted the crucial importance of stimulating over the muscle motor points to improve the effectiveness of neuromuscular electrical stimulation. Nevertheless, the correct electrophysiological definition of muscle motor point and its practical significance are not always fully comprehended by therapists and researchers in the field. The commentary describes a straightforward and quick electrophysiological procedure for muscle motor point identification. It consists in muscle surface mapping by using a stimulation pen-electrode and it is aimed at identifying the skin area above the muscle where the motor threshold is the lowest for a given electrical input, that is the skin area most responsive to electrical stimulation. After the motor point mapping procedure, a proper placement of the stimulation electrode(s) allows neuromuscular electrical stimulation to maximize the evoked tension, while minimizing the dose of the injected current and the level of discomfort. If routinely applied, we expect this procedure to improve both stimulation effectiveness and patient adherence to the treatment.
The aims of this clinical commentary are to present an optimized procedure for the application of neuromuscular electrical stimulation and to highlight the clinical implications related to its use.
Residents learning ultrasound-guided catheterization are not sufficiently skilled to use landmarks
Authors: Maizel Julien , Guyomarc’h Laurianne , Henon Pierre , Modeliar Santhi Samy , de Cagny Bertrand , Choukroun Gabriel , Slama Michel 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Ultrasound-guided (UG) technique is the recommended procedure for central venous catheterization (CVC). However, as ultrasound may not be available in emergency situations, guidelines also propose that physicians remain skilled in landmark (LM) placement. We conducted this prospective observational study to determine the learning curve of the LM technique in residents only learning the UG technique.

Methods
During the first three months of their rotation in our ICU, residents inexperienced in CVC used only the real-time UG technique. During the following three months, residents were allowed to place CVC by means of the LM technique when authorized by the attending physician.

Results
A total of 172 procedures (84 UG and 88 LM) were performed by the inexperienced residents during the study. The success rate was lower (72% versus 84%; P = 0.05) and the complication rate was higher (22% versus 10%; P = 0.04) for LM compared to UG procedures. Comparison between the five last UG procedures and the first five LM procedures performed demonstrated that the transition between the two techniques was associated with a marked decrease of the success rate (65% versus 93%; P = 0.01) and an increase of the complication rate (33% versus 8%; P = 0.01). After 10 LM procedures, residents achieved a success rate and a complication rate of 81% and 6%, respectively.

Conclusions
Residents who only learn the UG technique will not be immediately able to perform the LM technique, but require specific training based on at least 10 LM procedures. The question of whether or not the LM technique should still be taught when an ultrasound device is not available must therefore be addressed.
A single mutation in the GSTe2 gene allows tracking of metabolically based insecticide resistance in a major malaria vector
Authors: Riveron Jacob M , Yunta Cristina , Ibrahim Sulaiman S , Djouaka Rousseau , Irving Helen , Menze Benjamin D , Ismail Hanafy M , Hemingway Janet , Ranson Hilary , Albert Armando , Wondji Charles S 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Background
Metabolic resistance to insecticides is the biggest threat to the continued effectiveness of malaria vector control. However, its underlying molecular basis, crucial for successful resistance management, remains poorly characterized.

Results
Here, we demonstrate that the single amino acid change L119F in an upregulated glutathione S-transferase gene, GSTe2, confers high levels of metabolic resistance to DDT in the malaria vector Anopheles funestus. Genome-wide transcription analysis revealed that GSTe2 was the most over-expressed detoxification gene in DDT and permethrin-resistant mosquitoes from Benin. Transgenic expression of GSTe2 in Drosophila melanogaster demonstrated that over-transcription of this gene alone confers DDT resistance and cross-resistance to pyrethroids. Analysis of GSTe2 polymorphism established that the point mutation is tightly associated with metabolic resistance to DDT and its geographical distribution strongly correlates with DDT resistance patterns across Africa. Functional characterization of recombinant GSTe2 further supports the role of the L119F mutation, with the resistant allele being more efficient at metabolizing DDT than the susceptible one. Importantly, we also show that GSTe2 directly metabolizes the pyrethroid permethrin. Structural analysis reveals that the mutation confers resistance by enlarging the GSTe2 DDT-binding cavity, leading to increased DDT access and metabolism. Furthermore, we show that GSTe2 is under strong directional selection in resistant populations, and a restriction of gene flow is observed between African regions, enabling the prediction of the future spread of this resistance.

Conclusions
This first DNA-based metabolic resistance marker in mosquitoes provides an essential tool to track the evolution of resistance and to design suitable resistance management strategies.
The meaning of &#34;Law&#34; in comparing laws, or the Complexity of what the object of legal comparasion is
Authors: Варга Чаба , Varga Csaba 
Published: February 2014

Comparative jurisprudence as an extension of
the scholarly cultivation of domestic laws, closed down
within its respective national boundaries, is historically
rooted in the realisation of how much the self-closing of
continental laws, based upon their national codifi cation
throughout the 19th century, emptied their scholarly approach
as well. In the pioneering age of comparison, the
turn of the centuries, legal ideology was still marked by
the predominance of statutory positivism, so the law’s
comparative treatment — as a fi rst step — could not
target but its statutory form. Albeit there have been
mentions by the classics of legal comparativism, emphasising
the signifi cance of the law’s sociological entourage
and cultural embeddedness as well, neither the
direction nor the methodology of research has changed
to a transformative depth since.
Every moment contributing to a decision in law is
ambivalent in itself: nothing is compelling by its mere
existence. Th erefore we have to know in advance what
the law is, what we can do with it and exactly what we
can achieve through the store of its instruments in a
given culture so that we can successfully proceed on with
it and within it. Or, there is necessarily a given auditoire
faced with a real situation of life and, acting with this
auditoire, the well-defi ned contextuality of a stage (together
with the given social, ethical, economic and political
implications in play) that form the framework
within which the judicial establishment of facts and
interpretation of norms can take place at all.
Th at what is identifi able of law when no implementation
or judicial actualisation is priorly made is a dynamei
[potentiality to get actualised] at the most, which can
exclusively become anything more through an instrumental
operation by legal technique. Accordingly, law is
made up of (1) a homogenised formal concentrate (2)
operated — through its being referred to — by a practical
action, the result of which will posteriorly be presented
to the external world as law converted into reality.
Accordingly, from the very beginning, comparison of
laws, targeting laws proper, that is, ones enacted, shall be
widened so far as to comprehend their practical implementation,
as either offi cially enforced or at least tacitly
acknowledged as the realisation thereof. And in order to
understand the ways and manners of implementation,
including both the handling of what will be established as
facts and the canons of interpretation of what will be referred to as norms, comparison has to target and involve
the patterns of judicial thought (argumentation and reasoning,
i.e., lawyerly ideology as a specifi c species of professional
deontology) as well.
Towards a new relevance: Why the new media landscape requires journalists and media scholars to forge a genuine partnership for the first time
Authors: Eltringham Matthew 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
There is no denying the wide gap that separates the media and journalism as an industry and the media and journalism as an academic discipline. The industry, facing inexorable and inexhaustible challenges from the digital world and the social web, rarely builds on academic work. Practitioners say academic research is not specifically written for them. While acknowledging the credibility and worthiness of academic research, they at the same time find its language and style strange and difficult to comprehend. In this article, Matthew Eltringham, executive editor at the BBC’s College of Journalism, charts a path on how to bridge this ‘regrettable’ gap. He calls for a ‘genuine partnership’ through which both sides can work together to help practitioners address the problems that are disrupting the industry. The author cites examples of how a few academics have preserved the rigour of scientific research and at the same time made their work ‘practical, relevant and useful’ to the industry.
From creator of change to supporter of the traditional: The changing role of CNN.com
Authors: Krumsvik Arne H. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
In order to understand how new media development in a traditional media organization affects the journalism production process, it is necessary to understand the strategic role of new platforms and the rationale for a multi-platform product portfolio development. This article discusses why the role of CNN.com over the first ten years of operations developed from being a creator of change in the news industry into playing a supporting role in the CNN portfolio of distribution channels.
Restrictions in global news reporting: An analysis of the BBC and Al Jazeera English coverage of the 2009 Iranian election protests
Authors: Kasmani Mohd Faizal 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
High levels of censorship and restrictions in the media coverage in many of the countries of the Middle East explain the quality of reporting in the region. This comparative analysis of the BBC and Al Jazeera English (AJE) during the 2009 Iranian election illustrates the threats and difficulties faced by both BBC and AJE journalists country such as Iran. Analysis shows that international reporters on the ground with Iranian passport face more obstacles than foreign reporters without Iranian passports in reporting the ‘reality’ of the country. This article concludes that AJE, which had an all-Iranian team, faced more danger from the Iranian government as a result of their coverage than the BBC’s all-English team. This contributed to the disparity in the coverage of both networks.
Are journalists supposed to stay home while audiences roam? Professional implications of structural expectation regimes between Europe and the United States
Authors: Cokley John , Wenger Deb Halpern , Wenger Mitch , McBride Jessica 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
European journalism educators and practitioners seem to expect professional outcomes which are quite different from those in the United States. The 50 competencies and qualifications published as the Tartu Declaration of the European Journalism Training Association in 2006 have been compared with a list of 22 competencies and qualifications discovered in a wide-ranging review of editorial employment advertisements in the United States in 2008 and 2009. Results suggest a very narrow overlap in otherwise disparate sets of expectations. This raises questions for future research such as does this disparity impede professional migration for journalists between the two continents, and does it undermine intercultural transferability of contemporary journalism curricula. An unexpected additional finding is that, while US media rhetoric and history emphasize Constitutional first Amendment press freedom issues, only the European list accords any importance to journalists’ awareness of media’s societal role.
Journalists’ strategies of news reporting on parliament members’ hate speech
Authors: Vobič Igor , Erjavec Karmen , Kovačič Melita Poler 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The authors research the strategies used by Slovenian journalists in reporting on the parliament members hate speech expressed during a discussion about the Family Law. A critical discourse analysis of news reports and in-depth interviews with their authors showed that journalists mostly referred to news sources when condemning hate speech, avoiding their own value judgment because they found commenting in a news genre inappropriate. When citing hate speech, they chose moderate examples out of fear of promoting hate speech. They mostly focused on one parliament member, who had been known for hate speech from the past.
Determination of the Calcium channel distribution in the olfactory system
Authors: Conca Carlos , Lecaros Rodrigo , Ortega Jaime H. , Rosier Lionel 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
In this paper we study a linear inverse problem with a biological interpretation, which is
modeled by a Fredholm integral equation of the first kind.
When the kernel in the Fredholm equation is represented by step functions, we obtain identifiability, stability
and reconstruction results.
Furthermore, we provide a numerical reconstruction algorithm for the kernel, whose main feature is that a non-regular mesh
has to be used to ensure the
invertibility of the matrix representing the numerical discretization of the system.
Finally, a second identifiability result for a polynomial approximation of degree less than nine of the kernel is
also established.
Long-Term Outcomes of Adolescents With Juvenile-Onset Fibromyalgia in Early Adulthood
Authors: Kashikar-Zuck Susmita , Cunningham Natoshia , Sil Soumitri , Bromberg Maggie H. , Lynch-Jordan Anne M. , Strotman Daniel , Peugh James , Noll Jennie , Ting Tracy V. , Powers Scott W. , Lovell Daniel J. , Arnold Lesley M. 
Published: February 2014

OBJECTIVE:
This prospective longitudinal study examined the long-term physical and psychosocial outcomes of adolescents with juvenile-onset fibromyalgia (JFM), compared with healthy control subjects, into early adulthood.

METHODS:
Adolescent patients with JFM initially seen at a pediatric rheumatology clinic (n = 94) and age- and gender-matched healthy control subjects (n = 33) completed online measures of demographic characteristics, pain, physical functioning, mood symptoms, and health care utilization at ∼6 years’ follow-up (mean age: 21 years). A standard in-person tender-point examination was conducted.

RESULTS:
Patients with JFM had significantly higher pain (P &lt; .001), poorer physical function (P &lt; .001), greater anxiety (P &lt; .001) and depressive symptoms (P &lt; .001), and more medical visits (P &lt; .001)than control subjects. The majority (&gt;80%) of JFM patients continued to experience fibromyalgia symptoms into early adulthood, and 51.1% of the JFM sample met American College of Rheumatology criteria for adult fibromyalgia at follow-up. Patients with JFM were more likely than control subjects to be married and less likely to obtain a college education.

CONCLUSIONS:
Adolescent patients with JFM have a high likelihood of continued fibromyalgia symptoms into young adulthood. Those who met criteria for fibromyalgia in adulthood exhibited the highest levels of physical and emotional impairment. Emerging differences in educational attainment and marital status were also found in the JFM group. JFM is likely to be a long-term condition for many patients, and this study for the first time describes the wide-ranging impact of JFM on a variety of physical and psychosocial outcomes that seem to diverge from their same-age peers.
Use of Electronic Medical Record–Enhanced Checklist and Electronic Dashboard to Decrease CLABSIs
Authors: Pageler Natalie M. , Longhurst Christopher A. , Wood Matthew , Cornfield David N. , Suermondt Jaap , Sharek Paul J. , Franzon Deborah 
Published: February 2014

OBJECTIVES:
We hypothesized that a checklist enhanced by the electronic medical record and a unit-wide dashboard would improve compliance with an evidence-based, pediatric-specific catheter care bundle and decrease central line–associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI).

METHODS:
We performed a cohort study with historical controls that included all patients with a central venous catheter in a 24-bed PICU in an academic children’s hospital. Postintervention CLABSI rates, compliance with bundle elements, and staff perceptions of communication were evaluated and compared with preintervention data.

RESULTS:
CLABSI rates decreased from 2.6 CLABSIs per 1000 line-days before intervention to 0.7 CLABSIs per 1000 line-days after intervention. Analysis of specific bundle elements demonstrated increased daily documentation of line necessity from 30% to 73% (P &lt; .001), increased compliance with dressing changes from 87% to 90% (P = .003), increased compliance with cap changes from 87% to 93% (P &lt; .001), increased compliance with port needle changes from 69% to 95% (P &lt; .001), but decreased compliance with insertion bundle documentation from 67% to 62% (P = .001). Changes in the care plan were made during review of the electronic medical record checklist on 39% of patient rounds episodes.

CONCLUSIONS:
Use of an electronic medical record–enhanced CLABSI prevention checklist coupled with a unit-wide real-time display of adherence was associated with increased compliance with evidence-based catheter care and sustained decrease in CLABSI rates. These data underscore the potential for computerized interventions to promote compliance with proven best practices and prevent patient harm.