bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spermatogenesis in the parasitoid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
Authors: Carabajal Paladino Leonela , Lo Nostro Fabiana , Papeschi Alba , Cladera Jorge , Bressa María José 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe study of spermatogenesis in Hymenoptera is limited to few taxa due to limitations to access the material in the right stage for analysis. The information available up to now states that the gametogenesis in males involves a modified meiosis, similar to mitosis. This is due to the haplodiploid sex determination system present in the order, where females are diploid and males are haploid. In the present work, we examined the spermatogenesis process in the parasitoid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). We performed squash preparations from testes of individuals from the third larval instar until the adult stage. Some cytological traits, such as the presence of a monopolar spindle, were analysed in detail by means of histological semi‐thin sections. The spermatogenesis in this species comprises an abortive first division with the formation of an anucleated cytoplasmic bud and a nucleated cell, and an equal second division of the nucleated cell, leading to the generation of two mature spermatozoa. The results presented herein provide more information about the process of spermatogenesis in Hymenoptera, which has not been studied in depth in parasitic species.
Furosemide Pharmacokinetics in Adult Rats become Abnormal with an Adverse Intrauterine Environment and Modulated by a Post‐Weaning High‐Fat Diet
Authors: DuBois Barent N. , Pearson Jacob , Mahmood Tahir , Thornburg Kent , Cherala Ganesh 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAdult individuals born with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) have physiological maladaptations that significantly increase risk of chronic disease. We suggested that such abnormalities in organ function would alter pharmacokinetics throughout life, exacerbated by environmental mismatch. Pregnant and lactating rats were fed either a purified control diet (18% protein) or low‐protein diet (9% protein) to produce IUGR offspring. Offspring were weaned onto either laboratory chow (11% fat) or high‐fat diet (45% fat). Adult offspring (5 months old) were dosed with furosemide (10 mg/kg i.p.) and serum and urine collected. The overall exposure profile in IUGR males was significantly reduced due to a ~35% increase in both clearance and volume of distribution. Females appeared resistant to the IUGR phenotype. The effects of the high‐fat diet trended in the opposite direction to that of IUGR, with increased drug exposure due to decreases in both clearance (31% males, 46% females) and volume of distribution (24% males, 44% females), with a 10% longer half‐life in both genders. The alterations in furosemide pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics were explained by changes in the expression of renal organic anion transporters 1 and 3, and sodium–potassium–chloride cotransporter‐2. In summary, this study suggests that IUGR and diet interact to produce subpopulations with similar body‐weights but dissimilar pharmacokinetic profiles; this underlines the limitation of one‐size‐fits‐all dosing which does not account for physiological differences in body composition resulting from IUGR and diet.
Comorbidity and pathogenic links of chronic spontaneous urticaria and systemic lupus erythematosus – a systematic review
Authors: Kolkhir P. , Pogorelov D. , Olisova O. , Maurer M. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryChronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a common mast cell‐driven disease characterized by the development of wheals (hives), angioedema (AE), or both for > 6 weeks. It is thought that autoimmunity is a common cause of CSU, which is often associated with autoimmune thyroiditis, whereas the link to other autoimmune disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has not been carefully explored. Here, we systematically reviewed the existing literature for information on the prevalence of CSU in SLE (and vice versa) and we examined the possible clinical and pathogenetic relationship between CSU and SLE. The prevalence of CSU and CSU‐like rash in SLE was investigated by 42 independent studies and comorbidity in adult patients reportedly ranged from 0% to 21.9% and 0.4% to 27.5%, respectively (urticarial vasculitis: 0–20%). In children with SLE, CSU was reported in 0–1.2% and CSU‐like rash in 4.5–12% (urticarial vasculitis: 0–2.2%). In contrast, little information is available on the prevalence of SLE in patients with CSU, and more studies are needed to determine the rate of comorbidity. Recent insights on IgG‐ and IgE‐mediated autoreactivity suggest similarities in the pathogenesis of CSU and SLE linking inflammation and autoimmunity with the activation of the complement and coagulation system. Future studies of patients with either or both conditions could help to better define common pathomechanisms in CSU and SLE and to develop novel targeted treatment options for patients with CSU and SLE.
A systematic survey of the integration of animal behavior into conservation
Authors: Berger‐Tal Oded , Blumstein Daniel T. , Carroll Scott , Fisher Robert N. , Mesnick Sarah L. , Owen Megan A. , Saltz David , St. Claire Colleen Cassady , Swaisgood Ronald R. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe role of behavioral ecology in improving wildlife conservation and management has been the subject of much recent debate. We sought to answer 2 foundational questions about the current use of behavioral knowledge in conservation: To what extent is behavioral knowledge used in wildlife conservation and management, and how does the use of animal behavior differ among conservation fields in both frequency and types of use? We searched the literature for intersections between key fields of animal behavior and conservation and created a systematic heat map (i.e., graphical representation of data where values are represented as colors) to visualize relative efforts. Some behaviors, such as dispersal and foraging, were commonly considered (mean [SE] of 1147.38 [353.11] and 439.44 [108.85] papers per cell, respectively). In contrast, other behaviors, such as learning, social, and antipredatory behaviors were rarely considered (mean [SE] of 33.88 [7.62], 44.81 [10.65], and 22.69 [6.37] papers per cell, respectively). In many cases, awareness of the importance of behavior did not translate into applicable management tools. Our results challenge previous suggestions that there is little association between the fields of behavioral ecology and conservation and reveals tremendous variation in the use of different behaviors in conservation. We recommend that researchers focus on examining underutilized intersections of behavior and conservation themes for which preliminary work shows a potential for improving conservation and management, translating behavioral theory into applicable and testable predictions, and creating systematic reviews to summarize the behavioral evidence within the behavior‐conservation intersections for which many studies exist.
A case series of anal melanoma including the results of treatment with imatinib in selected patients
Authors: Knowles J. , Lynch A. C. , Warrier S. K. , Henderson M. , Heriot A. G. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimAnal melanoma is a rare malignancy with a poor prognosis.MethodAll patients with a diagnosis of anal melanoma treated at a single institution between 2000 and 2012 were identified and their treatment and outcome were evaluated.ResultsSixteen patients had a median survival of 2.9 years. Fourteen had Stage I or II disease with a median survival of 4.0 years and progression‐free survival of 1.5 years. When used for disease staging, whole body positron emission tomography/CT identified an additional three sites of metastasis in five patients compared with CT of the chest, abdomen and pelvis. Surgery involved wide local excision or abdominoperineal excision with respective local recurrence rates of 50% and 66%. Eleven patients underwent testing for c‐Kit mutations, of whom five were positive. Four of these were treated with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib, and showed rapid response of metastases outside the central nervous system.ConclusionThe outcome of this malignancy remains poor. PET is the modality of choice for disease staging. Testing tumours for c‐Kit mutations may allow selected patients to participate in trials of tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
Engaging the Community in the Dissemination, Implementation, and Improvement of Health‐Related Research
Authors: Bodison Stefanie C. , Sankaré Ibrahima , Anaya Henry , Booker‐Vaughns Juanita , Miller Aria , Williams Pluscedia , Norris Keith ,   the Community Engagement Workgroup
Published: November 2015

AbstractTo help maximize the real‐world applicability of available interventions in clinical and community healthcare practice, there has been greater emphasis over the past two decades on engaging local communities in health‐related research. While there have been numerous successful community–academic partnered collaborations, there continues to be a need to articulate the common barriers experienced during the evolution of these partnerships, and to provide a roadmap for best practices that engage healthcare providers, patients, families, caregivers, community leaders, healthcare systems, public agencies and academic medical centers. To this end, this paper presents a summary of a forum discussion from the 2014 Southern California Dissemination, Implementation and Improvement (DII) Science Symposium, sponsored by the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Clinical Translational Science Institute (CTSI), University of Southern California (USC) CTSI, and Kaiser Permanente. During this forum, a diverse group of individuals representing multiple constituencies identified four key barriers to success in community‐partnered participatory research (CPPR) and discussed consensus recommendations to enhance the development, implementation, and dissemination of community health‐related research. In addition, this group identified several ways in which the over 60 NIH funded Clinical and Translational Science Institutes across the country could engage communities and researchers to advance DII science.
Unique DNA Methylation Patterns in Offspring of Hypertensive Pregnancy
Authors: Julian Colleen G. , Pedersen Brent S. , Salmon Carlos Salinas , Yang Ivana V. , Gonzales Marcelino , Vargas Enrique , Moore Lorna G. , Schwartz David A. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractEpigenomic processes are believed to play a pivotal role for the effect of environmental exposures in early life to modify disease risk throughout the lifespan. Offspring of women with hypertensive complications of pregnancy (HTNPREG) have an increased risk of developing systemic and pulmonary vascular dysfunction in adulthood. In this preliminary report, we sought to determine whether epigenetic modifications of genes involved in the regulation of vascular function were present in HTNPREG offspring. We contrasted DNA methylation and gene expression patterns of peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from young male offspring of HTNPREG (n = 5) to those of normotensive controls (n = 19). In HTNPREG offspring we identified six differentially methylated regions (DMRs) including three genes (SMOC2, ARID1B and CTRHC1) relevant to vascular function. The transcriptional activity of ARID1B and CTRCH1 was inversely related to methylation status. HTNPREG offspring had higher systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPPA) versus controls. Our findings demonstrate that epigenetic marks are altered in offspring of HTNPREG with a modest elevation of sPPA and introduce novel epigenomic targets for further study. On the basis of these findings we speculate that epigenomic mechanisms may be involved in mediating the effect of HTNPREG to raise the risk of vascular disease later in life.
Evolutionary Economic Geography for OFCs: Do Political Ties to the Onshore Reduce Capital Inflow Volatility?
Authors: Baliamoune‐Lutz Mina , Cobb Sharon C. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis paper analyses the structural change in small‐island economies—sometimes labeled offshore financial centers (OFCs)—that have seen wealth‐generating activities through offshore financial services decrease in value since 2008. At the same time, OFCs have come under increasing scrutiny from supranational organizations such Organization for Economic Co‐operation and Development and European Union for perceived unfair tax practices and money laundering activities. Some OFCs have proactively adjusted to this sea change by broadening the economic base through development of new offshore business activities such as e‐gaming, film industry, and niche manufacturing. Most have increased co‐operation with onshore regulatory bodies to promote service and product legitimacy. Econometric analysis explores the assertion that OFCs that do not have a political link to the onshore may be exposed to greater capital inflows volatility than OFCs that have such a link. Case study analysis using the theoretical lens of evolutionary economic geography illustrates that a small OFC is creating spatialities of economic novelty by adapting economic development strategies deployed during the successful development of the center prior to the recent recession. Our findings reveal the importance of political links to the onshore to reduce capital inflow volatility and the importance of local public–private interaction to legitimize post‐recession development.
Essentials from the 2015 European AIDS Clinical Society (EACS) guidelines for the treatment of adult HIV‐positive persons
Authors: Ryom L , Boesecke C , Gisler V , Manzardo C , Rockstroh JK , Puoti M , Furrer H , Miro JM , Gatell JM , Pozniak A , Behrens G , Battegay M , Lundgren JD ,   the EACS Governing Board
Published: November 2015

BackgroundThe European AIDS Clinical Society (EACS) guidelines are intended for all clinicians involved in the care of HIV‐positive persons, and are available in print, online, and as a free App for download for iPhone and Android.Guideline highlightsThe 2015 version of the EACS guidelines contains major revisions in all sections; antiretroviral treatment (ART), comorbidities, coinfections and opportunistic diseases. Among the key revisions is the recommendation of ART for all HIV‐positive persons, irrespectively of CD4 count, based on the Strategic Timing of AntiRetroviral Treatment (START) study results. The recommendations for the preferred and the alternative ART options have also been revised, and a new section on the use of pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has been added. A number of new antiretroviral drugs/drug combinations have been added to the updated tables on drug−drug interactions, adverse drug effects, dose adjustment for renal/liver insufficiency and for ART administration in persons with swallowing difficulties. The revisions of the coinfection section reflect the major advances in anti‐hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment with direct‐acting antivirals with earlier start of treatment in individuals at increased risk of liver disease progression, and a phasing out of interferon‐containing treatment regimens. The section on opportunistic diseases has been restructured according to individual pathogens/diseases and a new overview table has been added on CD4 count thresholds for different primary prophylaxes.ConclusionsThe diagnosis and management of HIV infection and related coinfections, opportunistic diseases and comorbidities continue to require a multidisciplinary effort for which the 2015 version of the EACS guidelines provides an easily accessable and updated overview.
Java project on periodontal diseases: effect of vitamin C/calcium threonate/citrus flavonoids supplementation on periodontal pathogens, CRP and HbA1c
Authors: Amaliya Amaliya , Laine Marja L. , Loos Bruno G. , Van der Velden Ubele 
Published: November 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo assess in a periodontally diseased rural population deprived from regular dental care and having poor dietary conditions, the effect of vitamin C/calcium threonate/citrus flavonoids (VitC/Ca/Fl) supplementation on subgingival microbiota and plasma levels of vitamin C, HbA1c and hsCRP.Material & MethodsThe study population consisted of 98 subjects who previously participated in a prospective study on the natural history of periodontitis. Participants were instructed to consume one tablet/day containing 200 mg Ester C® calcium ascorbate, 25 mg calcium threonate and 100 mg citrus flavonoids for 90 days. Following parameters were evaluated: prevalence/amount of seven traditional periodontal pathogens, cytomegalovirus, Epstein–Barr virus (EBV); and plasma levels of vitamin C, HbA1c and hsCRP.ResultsAfter VitC/Ca/Fl supplementation, 100% of subjects showed normal plasma vitamin C values compared to 55% before. At baseline, 48% of subjects harboured Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, >97% the other periodontal pathogens and 73% EBV. Supplementation with VitC/Ca/F reduced the subgingival load of all studied bacteria (p‐values: 0.014–0.0001) and EBV (p < 0.0001) substantially in all initially positive subjects. Plasma levels of HbA1c and hsCRP dropped in all subjects (p < 0.0001).ConclusionThis uncontrolled study suggested that supplemental VitC/Ca/Fl may be helpful in reducing subgingival numbers of periodontal pathogens and EBV, and promoting systemic health.
Aspects of nursing student placements associated with perceived likelihood of working in residential aged care
Authors: Lea Emma , Mason Ron , Eccleston Claire , Robinson Andrew 
Published: November 2015

Aims and objectivesTo investigate which aspects of student nurses' experiences of residential aged care facility clinical placements affect perceived likelihood of choosing a career in residential aged care post graduation.BackgroundPoor clinical placement experiences as a student contribute to nurses' reluctance to work in aged care. Various factors have been found to improve the placement experience and influence students' attitudes and employment intentions. Missing from the literature is a quantitative – rather than qualitative – exploration of which attributes of an aged care placement link to perceived likelihood of working in residential aged care post graduation.DesignSupported residential aged care placement programmes were developed for nursing students using an evidence‐based best‐practice model within an action research framework. Staff formed a mentor group in two facilities. During placement, weekly feedback meetings were held for students and mentors.MethodsSecond‐year nursing students (n = 71) participating in a three‐ or four‐week placement programme at two Tasmanian residential aged care facilities (September 2011–May 2013) completed questionnaires on placement experiences. Measures of association (correlation coefficients) were used to assess the effect of a range of variables on the likelihood of working in an aged care facility post graduation.ResultsAssociations were identified between the likelihood of working in residential aged care post graduation and nurse mentor–student feedback exchange, Teaching and Learning Score and supportiveness of care workers.ConclusionsThis study adds to the literature by providing quantitative evidence that certain aspects of aged care placements influence attitudes to working in these sites post graduation.Relevance to clinical practiceTo increase interest in working in residential aged care, the teaching and learning environment needs improvement, opportunities should be proffered for mentor–student feedback exchange during placements and care workers need support to mentor effectively.
Locators versus magnetic attachment effect on peri‐implant tissue health of immediate loaded two implants retaining a mandibular overdenture: a 1‐year randomised trial
Authors: Elsyad M. A. , Mahanna F. F. , Elshahat M. A. , Elshoukouki A. H. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryThis study aimed to evaluate peri‐implant tissue health of immediate loaded two implants retaining a mandibular overdenture with either magnetic or locator attachment. Thirty two completely edentulous patients (20 males/12 females) were randomly assigned into two groups. Each patient received two implants in the canine area of the mandible using flapless surgical technique. Mandibular overdentures were immediately connected to the implants with either magnetic (group I, GI) or locator (group II, GII) attachments. Peri‐implant tissue health was evaluated clinically in terms of plaque scores (PI), bleeding scores (BI), probing depth (PD), implant stability (ISQ) and interleukin‐1‐β (IL‐1b) concentrations in peri‐implant sulcular fluid. PI, BI and PD were measured at mesial, distal, buccal and lingual surfaces of each implant. Radiographic evaluation was performed in terms of vertical (VBL) and horizontal (HBLO) alveolar bone loss. Evaluations were performed 2 weeks (T0), 6 months (T1) and 12 months (T2) after overdenture insertion. Plague scores, PD, IL‐1b, VBL and HBLO increased significantly with time. ISQ decreased significantly with time. BI showed no significant differences between observation times. GI recorded significant higher PI, ISQ and IL‐1b at T2 compared to GII. GII recorded significant higher VBL than GI at T2 only. For HBLO, no significant differences between groups were noted. VBL and HBLO showed a significant positive correlation with PD. Locator attachments for immediate loaded implants retaining mandibular overdentures are associated with decreased plaque accumulation, decreased implant stability, decreased interleukin‐1β concentration in peri‐implant crevicular fluid and increased per‐implant vertical bone loss compared to magnetic attachments after 1 year.
Peripheral, functional and postural asymmetries related to the preferred chewing side in adults with natural dentition
Authors: Rovira‐Lastra B. , Flores‐Orozco E. I. , Ayuso‐Montero R. , Peraire M. , Martinez‐Gomis J. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryThe aim of this cross‐sectional study was to determine the preferred chewing side and whether chewing side preference is related to peripheral, functional or postural lateral preferences. One hundred and forty‐six adults with natural dentition performed three masticatory assays, each consisting of five trials of chewing three pieces of silicon placed into a latex bag for 20 cycles, either freestyle or unilaterally on the right‐ or left‐hand side. Occlusal contact area in the intercuspal position, maximum bite force, masticatory performance and cycle duration were measured and the lateral asymmetry of these variables was calculated. Laterality tests were performed to determine handedness, footedness, earedness and eyedness as functional preferences, and hand‐clasping, arm‐folding and leg‐crossing as postural lateral preferences. The preferred chewing side was determined using three different methods: assessment of the first chewing cycle for each trial, calculation of the asymmetry index from all cycles and application of a visual analogue scale. Bivariate relationship and multiple linear regression analyses were performed. Among unilateral chewers, 77% of them preferred the right side for chewing. The factors most closely related to the preferred chewing side were asymmetry of bite force, asymmetry of masticatory performance and earedness, which explained up to 16% of the variance. Although several functional or postural lateral preferences seem to be related to the preferred chewing side, peripheral factors such as asymmetry of bite force and of masticatory performance are the most closely related to the preferred chewing side in adults with natural dentition.