bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
<strong>On the anatomy of the costa in Fissidens</strong>
Authors: Bruggeman-Nannenga M. A. 
Published: September 2015

Based on a study of ca. 120 Fissidens species covering all sections and subgenera, there types of costae are recognized. One type is characteristic of sect. Amblyothallia and of F. asplenioides, F. fasciculatus and F. plumosus (the fasciculatus-group); the second of subg. Serridium, subg. Fissidens sect. Crispidiumand F. grandifrons (subg. Pachyfissidens) and the third type fo subg. Fissidens sect. Aloma, sect. Crenularia, sect. Semilimbidium, sect. Pycnothallia, and sect. Areofissidens, subg. Octodiceras, and subg. Sarawakia.
Recipe for Disaster: How the Dynamic Ingredients of Risk and Exposure Are Changing the Tornado Disaster Landscape
Authors: Ashley Walker S. , Strader Stephen M. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Tornado disasters and their potential are a product of both hazard risk and underlying physical and social vulnerabilities. This investigation appraises exposure, which is an important component and driver of vulnerability, and its interrelationship with tornado risk in the United States since the mid-twentieth century. The research demonstrates how each of these dynamic variables have evolved individually and interacted collectively to produce differences in hazard impact and disaster potential at the national, regional, and local scales. Results reveal that escalating tornado impacts are driven fundamentally by growing built-environment exposure. The increasing tornado disaster probability is not uniform across the landscape, with the mid-South region containing the greatest threat based on the juxtaposition of an immense tornado footprint risk and elevated exposure/development rates, which manifests—at least for one important impact marker—in the area’s high mortality rate. Contemporary, high-impact tornado events are utilized to emphasize how national- and regional-level changes in exposure are also apparent at the scale of the tornado. The study reveals that the disaster ingredients of risk and exposure do vary markedly across scales, and where they have increasing and greater overlap, the probability of disaster surges. These findings have broad implications for all weather and climate hazards, with both short- and long-term mitigation strategies required to reduce future impacts and to build resilience in the face of continued and amplifying development in hazard-prone regions.
Vertical Structure of Upper-Ocean Seasonality: Annual and Semiannual Cycles with Oceanographic Implications
Authors: Chen Ge , Wang Xuan 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
A decade of newly available Argo float data for the period 2004–13 are used to investigate the three-dimensional structures of upper-ocean seasonality with emphasis on the vertical aspects of annual and semiannual cycles, yielding three main findings with oceanographic implications. First, the vertical evolution of the horizontal pattern of annual and semiannual amplitudes appears to be highly “nonlinear,” suggesting that the thermodynamic causes are depth dependent. The global ocean seasonality exhibits a vertically varying pattern in space, including midlatitude maxima in the near-surface layer due to solar forcing, zonal “strips” in the subsurface layer due to the equatorial current system, and systematic westward phase propagation in the intermediate layer due to annual Rossby waves. Second, a zone of 500 ± 300-m depths along with a 6-month periodicity are chosen as appropriate space–time “windows” for detecting eddy signatures via Argo-derived temperature amplitude and phase, respectively. It is revealed that the eddy-induced “blobby” pattern observed previously by satellite altimeter appears in the Agro result as “woodsy” bulks, which can be well illustrated in the semiannual amplitude and phase maps at window depths. Meanwhile, six eddy deserts paired in each ocean basin have also been identified. Third, the existence of a dozen vertical quasi-annual amphidromes is first reported, with cophase lines that may radiate toward the ~2000-m lower limit of Argo measurement. The well-known global meridional overturning circulation and the pseudozonal overturning currents in the equatorial Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans may possibly contribute to the observed vertical amphidromes.
Sex-dependent alterations in resting-state cerebral blood flow, amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations and their coupling relationship in schizophrenia
Authors: Ma Xiaomei , Wang Di , Zhou Yujing , Zhuo Chuanjun , Qin Wen , Zhu Jiajia , Yu Chunshui 
Published: September 2015

Objective: We aimed to investigate sex-dependent alterations in resting-state relative cerebral blood flow, amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations and relative cerebral blood flow–amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations coupling in patients with schizophrenia. Method: Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and three-dimensional pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling imaging were performed to obtain resting-state amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations and relative cerebral blood flow in 95 schizophrenia patients and 99 healthy controls. Sex differences in relative cerebral blood flow and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations were compared in both groups. Diagnostic group differences in relative cerebral blood flow, amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations and relative cerebral blood flow–amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations coupling were compared in male and female subjects, respectively. Results: In both healthy controls and schizophrenia patients, the males had higher relative cerebral blood flow in anterior brain regions and lower relative cerebral blood flow in posterior brain regions than did the females. Compared with multiple regions exhibiting sex differences in relative cerebral blood flow, only the left middle frontal gyrus had a significant sex difference in amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations. In the females, schizophrenia patients exhibited increased relative cerebral blood flow and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in the basal ganglia, thalamus and hippocampus and reduced relative cerebral blood flow and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in the frontal, parietal and occipital regions compared with those of healthy controls. However, there were fewer brain regions with diagnostic group differences in the males than in the females. Brain regions with diagnostic group differences in relative cerebral blood flow and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations only partially overlapped. Only the female patients exhibited increased relative cerebral blood flow–amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations couplings compared with those of healthy females. Conclusion: The alterations in the relative cerebral blood flow and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in schizophrenia are sex-specific, which should be considered in future neuroimaging studies. The relative cerebral blood flow and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations have different sensitivity in detecting changes in neuronal activity in schizophrenia and can provide complementary information.
How I treat posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders
Authors: Dierickx Daan , Tousseyn Thomas , Gheysens Olivier 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPosttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a potentially fatal disorder arising after solid organ transplant (SOT) or hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). Iatrogenically impaired immune surveillance and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) primary infection/reactivation are key factors in the pathogenesis. However, current knowledge on all aspects of PTLD is limited due to its rarity, morphologic heterogeneity, and the lack of prospective trials. Furthermore, the broad spectrum of underlying immune disorders and the type of graft represent important confounding factors. Despite these limitations, several reviews have been written aimed at offering a guide for pathologists and clinicians in diagnosing and treating PTLD. Rather than providing another classical review on PTLD, this “How I Treat” article, based on 2 case reports, focuses on specific challenges, different perspectives, and novel insights regarding the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of PTLD. These challenges include the wide variety of PTLD presentation (making treatment optimization difficult), the impact of EBV on pathogenesis and clinical behavior, and the controversial treatment of Burkitt lymphoma (BL)-PTLD.
Progressive ventilation inhomogeneity in infants with cystic fibrosis after pulmonary infection
Authors: Simpson Shannon J. , Ranganathan Sarath , Park Judy , Turkovic Lidija , Robins-Browne Roy M. , Skoric Billy , Ramsey Kathryn A. , Rosenow Tim , Banton Georgia L. , Berry Luke , Stick Stephen M. , Hall Graham L. 
Published: September 2015

Measures of ventilation distribution are promising for monitoring early lung disease in cystic fibrosis (CF). This study describes the cross-sectional and longitudinal impacts of pulmonary inflammation and infection on ventilation homogeneity in infants with CF.Infants diagnosed with CF underwent multiple breath washout (MBW) testing and bronchoalveolar lavage at three time points during the first 2 years of life.Measures were obtained for 108 infants on 156 occasions. Infants with a significant pulmonary infection at the time of MBW showed increases in lung clearance index (LCI) of 0.400 units (95% CI 0.150–0.648; p=0.002). The impact was long lasting, with previous pulmonary infection leading to increased ventilation inhomogeneity over time compared to those who remained free of infection (p<0.05). Infection withHaemophilus influenzaewas particularly detrimental to the longitudinal lung function in young children with CF where LCI was increased by 1.069 units for each year of life (95% CI 0.484–1.612; p<0.001).Pulmonary infection during the first year of life is detrimental to later lung function. Therefore, strategies aimed at prevention, surveillance and eradication of pulmonary pathogens are paramount to preserve lung function in infants with CF.
Wolbachia pseudogenes and low prevalence infections in tropical but not temperate Australian tephritid fruit flies: manifestations of lateral gene transfer and endosymbiont spillover?
Authors: Morrow Jennifer L. , Frommer Marianne , Royer Jane E. , Shearman Deborah C. A. , Riegler Markus 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundMaternally inheritedWolbachiabacteria infect many insect species. They can also be transferred horizontally into uninfected host lineages. AWolbachiaspillover from an infected source population must occur prior to the establishment of heritable infections, but this spillover may be transient. In a previous study of tephritid fruit fly species of tropical Australia we detected a high incidence of identicalWolbachiastrains in several species as well asWolbachiapseudogenes. Here, we have investigated this further by analysing field specimens of 24 species collected along a 3,000 km climate gradient of eastern Australia.ResultsWolbachiasequences were detected in individuals of nine of the 24 (37 %) species. Seven (29 %) species displayed four distinctWolbachiastrains based on characterisation of full multi locus sequencing (MLST) profiles; the strains occurred as single and double infections in a small number of individuals (2–17 %). For the two remaining species all individuals had incomplete MLST profiles andWolbachiapseudogenes that may be indicative of lateral gene transfer into host genomes. The detection ofWolbachiawas restricted to northern Australia, including in five species that only occur in the tropics. Within the more widely distributedBactrocera tryoniandBactrocera neohumeralis,Wolbachiaalso only occurred in the north, and was not linked to any particular mitochondrial haplotypes.ConclusionsThe presence ofWolbachiapseudogenes at high prevalence in two species in absence of complete MLST profiles may represent footprints of historic infections that have been lost. The detection of identical low prevalence strains in a small number of individuals of seven species may question their role as reproductive manipulator and their vertical inheritance. Instead, the findings may be indicative of transient infections that result from spillover events from a yet unknown source. These spillover events appear to be restricted to northern Australia, without proliferation in host lineages further south. Our study highlights that tropical fruit fly communities containWolbachiapseudogenes and may be exposed to frequent horizontalWolbachiatransfer. It also emphasises that global estimates ofWolbachiafrequencies may need to consider lateral gene transfer andWolbachiaspillover that may be regionally restricted, transient and not inherited.
Cerebrospinal fluid VILIP-1 and YKL-40, candidate biomarkers to diagnose, predict and monitor Alzheimer’s disease in a memory clinic cohort
Authors: Kester Maartje I. , Teunissen Charlotte E. , Sutphen Courtney , Herries Elizabeth M. , Ladenson Jack H. , Xiong Chengjie , Scheltens Philip , van der Flier Wiesje M. , Morris John C. , Holtzman David M. , Fagan Anne M. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Introduction
We examined the utility of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteins, Chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1 or YKL-40), a putative marker of inflammation, and Visinin-like protein-1 (VILIP-1), a marker for neuronal injury, for diagnostic classification and monitoring of disease progression in a memory clinic cohort.

Methods
CSF levels of YKL-40 and VILIP-1 were measured in 37 cognitively normal, 61 Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and 65 Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients from the memory clinic-based Amsterdam Dementia Cohort who underwent two lumbar punctures, with minimum interval of 6 months and a mean(SE) interval of 2.0(0.1) years. Mean(SE) cognitive follow-up was 3.8 (0.2) years. ANOVA was used to compare baseline differences of log-transformed CSF measures. Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate disease progression as a function of CSF tertiles. Linear mixed models were used to evaluate longitudinal change over time. All analyses were sex and age adjusted.

Results
Baseline levels of YKL-40, but not VILIP-1, were higher in MCI and AD patients compared to cognitively normal individuals (mean (SE) pg/mL, 304 (16) and 288 (12) vs. 231 (16), p = 0.03 and p = 0.006). Baseline levels of both YKL-40 and VILIP-1 in MCI predicted progression to AD (HR 95 % CI = 3.0 (1.1–7.9) and 4.4 (1.5–13.0), respectively, for highest vs. lowest tertile). YKL-40 increased longitudinally in patients with MCI and AD (mean (SE) pg/mL per year, 8.9 (3.0) and 7.1 (3.1), respectively), but not in cognitively normal individuals, whereas levels of VILIP-1 increased only in MCI (mean (SE), 10.7 (2.6) pg/mL per year).

Conclusions
CSF levels of YKL-40 may have utility for discriminating between cognitively normal individuals and patients with MCI or AD. Increased levels of both YKL-40 and VILIP-1 may be associated with disease progression. These CSF biomarkers should be considered for future evaluation in the characterization of the natural history of AD.
A discussion on best proximity point and coupled best proximity point in partially ordered metric spaces
Authors: Choudhury Binayak S , Metiya Nikhilesh , Postolache Mihai , Konar Pulak 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this paper we establish some best proximity point results using generalized weak contractions with discontinuous control functions. The theorems are established in metric spaces with a partial order. We view the main problem in the paper as a problem of finding an optimal approximate solution of a fixed point equation. We also discuss several corollaries and give an illustrative example. We apply our result to obtain some coupled best proximity point results.
Purinergic signaling during macrophage differentiation results in M2 alternative activated macrophages
Authors: Barberá-Cremades Maria , Baroja-Mazo Alberto , Pelegrín Pablo 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Macrophages represent a highly heterogenic cell population of the innate immune system, with important roles in the initiation and resolution of the inflammatory response. Purinergic signaling regulates both M1 and M2 macrophage function at different levels by controlling the secretion of cytokines, phagocytosis, and the production of reactive oxygen species. We found that extracellular nucleotides arrest macrophage differentiation from bone marrow precursors via adenosine and P2 receptors. This results in a mature macrophage with increased expression of M2, but not M1, genes. Similar to adenosine and ATP, macrophage growth arrested with LPS treatment resulted in an increase of the M2-related marker Ym1. Recombinant Ym1 was able to affect macrophage proliferation and could, potentially, be involved in the arrest of macrophage growth during hematopoiesis.
Endogenously produced TNF-α contributes to the expression of CXCL10/IP-10 in IFN-λ3-activated plasmacytoid dendritic cells
Authors: Finotti Giulia , Tamassia Nicola , Calzetti Federica , Fattovich Giovanna , Cassatella Marco A 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The interplay between IFN-λs and dendritic cells is becoming increasingly relevant, particularly in light of their key role in inducing the antiviral state, including in hepatitis C virus infection. In this work, we have analyzed extensively how human plasmacytoid dendritic cells respond to IFN-λ3. We report that plasmacytoid dendritic cells incubated with IFN-λ3 prolong their survival; alter their expression pattern of surface HLA-DRα, CD123, CD86, and CD303; and time dependently produce IFN-α, CXCL10/IFN-γ-induced protein 10, and even modest quantities of TNF-α. Nevertheless, endogenously produced TNF-α, but not IFN-α, was found to be essential for driving the expression of CXCL10/IFN-γ-induced protein 10 in IFN-λ3-treated plasmacytoid dendritic cells, as revealed by neutralizing experiments by use of adalimumab, etanercept, and infliximab. We also observed that based on the kinetics and levels of IFN-α and CXCL10/IFN-γ-induced protein 10 produced by their IFN-λ3-treated plasmacytoid dendritic cells, healthy donors could be categorized into 2 and 3 groups, respectively. In particular, we identified a group of donors whose plasmacytoid dendritic cells produced modest quantities of CXCL10/IFN-γ-induced protein 10; another one whose plasmacytoid dendritic cells produced elevated CXCL10/IFN-γ-induced protein 10 levels, already after 18 h, declining thereafter; and a 3rd group characterized by plasmacytoid dendritic cells releasing very high CXCL10/IFN-γ-induced protein 10 levels after 42 h only. Finally, we report that in plasmacytoid dendritic cells, equivalent concentrations of IFN-λ3 and IFN-λ1 promote survival, antigen modulation, and cytokine production in a comparable manner and without acting additively/synergistically. Altogether, data not only extend the knowledge on the biologic effects that IFN-λs exert on plasmacytoid dendritic cells but also add novel light to the networking between IFN-λs and plasmacytoid dendritic cells in fighting viral diseases.
Exploring the quantitative nature of empathy, systemising and
autistic traits using factor mixture modelling
Authors: Grove Rachel , Baillie Andrew , Allison Carrie , Baron-Cohen Simon , Hoekstra Rosa A. 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundAutism research has previously focused on either identifying a latent
dimension or searching for subgroups. Research assessing the concurrently
categorical and dimensional nature of autism is needed.AimsTo investigate the latent structure of autism and identify meaningful
subgroups in a sample spanning the full spectrum of genetic
vulnerability.MethodFactor mixture models were applied to data on empathy, systemising and
autistic traits from individuals on the autism spectrum, parents and
general population controls.ResultsA two-factor three-class model was identified, with two factors measuring
empathy and systemising. Class one had high systemising and low empathy
scores and primarily consisted of individuals with autism. Mainly
comprising controls and parents, class three displayed high empathy
scores and lower systemising scores, and class two showed balanced scores
on both measures of systemising and empathy.ConclusionsAutism is best understood as a dimensional construct, but meaningful
subgroups can be identified based on empathy, systemising and autistic
traits.
Infrared Multiple Photon Depletion of the Gas-phase Proton-bound Cytosine Dimer
Authors: Kwon Seulki , Oh Han Bin , Han Sang Yun 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Herein, we report the infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) depletion spectroscopy results for an isolated protonated dimer of cytosine. Interestingly, in contrast to the previous IRMPD action spectroscopy results,14 strong and narrow IR absorptions at 2903 and 3455 cm−1 clearly appeared, where N–H stretching vibrations in the intermolecular hydrogen bonds, –HN–H···O=C–, were predicted. The results show that the protonated dimer of cytosine in the gas phase is indeed triply bound and possesses three intermolecular hydrogen bonds, of which one is ionic. In addition, the appearance of intermolecular hydrogen bonding may offer further opportunities to study the base pairing interactions involved in the protonated dimers of nucleic acid bases.
Selective Transport of Mercury(II) Ions across Supported Liquid Membrane with Thymine Derivative as Carrier
Authors: Kurokawa Tatsuo , Igawa Manabu , Ono Akira , Okamoto Itaru 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
We describe a new highly selective supported liquid membrane (SLM) system made of a polypropylene flat sheet with a thymine derivative in kerosene as the carrier, for the selective transport of mercury ion. When the carrier existed in the membrane, only mercury ions were selectively transported. This SLM selectively separated mercury ions from a mixed solution of mercury and heavy metal ions. The hydrogen ion concentration in the receiving phase is a dominant factor in the mercury ion transport across the SLM.
Fast Synthesis of K0.5Na0.5NbO3 Powders at Low Temperatures by Microwave Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Chen Liangping , Qiu Guibo , Peng Ben , Guo Min , Zhang Mei 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
K0.5Na0.5NbO3 powders were rapidly synthesized by microwave hydrothermal method. The effects of hydrothermal temperature, pressure, and reaction time on the phase compositions and micromorphology of the as-prepared powders were investigated by X-ray diffraction and SEM. The results showed that cubic-like KNN powders with high purity and perfect crystallinity were successfully synthesized at a low temperature (170 °C) for a short time (120 min) by microwave hydrothermal process.