bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An application of LSC method for the measurement of gross alpha and beta activities in spiked water and drinking water samples
Authors: Çakal Gaye Özgür , Güven Rufiyet , Yücel Haluk 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
In this study, after the pulse shape calibration of a liquid scintillation counting (LSC) spectrometer (Quantulus 1220), the effi ciency was determined depending on sample quenching parameters. Then, gross alpha and beta activities in two spiked water samples obtained from International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) were used for the validation of the ASTM D7283-06 method, which is a standard test method for alpha and beta activity in water by LSC. Later, the drinking water samples (35 tap water and 9 bottled water) obtained from different districts of Ankara, Turkey, were measured. The maximum gross alpha activities are measured to be 0.08 Bq/L for tap waters and 0.13 Bq/L for bottled waters, whereas the maximum gross beta activities are found to be 0.18 Bq/L for tap waters and 0.16 Bq/L for bottled waters. These results indicate that these drinking water samples are below the required limits, which are 0.1 Bq/L for alpha emitting radionuclides and 1 Bq/L for beta emitting radionuclides. As a result, gross alpha and beta activities in drinking water of Ankara were determined accurately by this validated LSC method. It is also worth noting that LSC is a rapid and accurate method for the determination of gross alpha and beta activities without requiring a tedious sample preparation.
Dictyonema black shale and Triassic sandstones as potential sources of uranium
Authors: Kiegiel Katarzyna , Zakrzewska-Kołtuniewicz Grażyna , Gajda Dorota , Miśkiewicz Agnieszka , Abramowska Anna , Biełuszka Paweł , Danko Bożena , Chajduk Ewelina , Wołkowicz Stanisław 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The main objective of the present study was an assessment of the possibility of uranium recovery from domestic resources in Poland. In the first stage uranium was leached from the ground uranium ore by using acidic (sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid) or alkaline (carbonate) solutions. The leaching efficiencies of uranium were dependent on the type of ore and it reached 81% for Dictyonemic shales and almost 100% for sandstones. The novel leaching routes, with the application of the helical membrane contactor equipped with rotating part were tested. The obtained postleaching solutions were concentrated and purified using solvent extraction or ion exchange chromatography. New methods of solvent extraction, as well as hybrid processes for separation and purification of the product, were studied. Extraction with the use of membrane capillary contactors that has many advantages above conventional methods was also proposed as an alternative purification method. The final product U3O8 could be obtained by the precipitation of ‘yellow cake’, followed by calcination step. The results of precipitation of ammonium diuranate and uranium peroxide from diluted uranium solution were presented
Neutronic and thermal-hydraulic coupling for 3D reactor core modeling combining MCB and fluent
Authors: Królikowski Igor P. , Cetnar Jerzy 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Three-dimensional simulations of neutronics and thermal hydraulics of nuclear reactors are a tool used to design nuclear reactors. The coupling of MCB and FLUENT is presented, MCB allows to simulate neutronics, whereas FLUENT is computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code. The main purpose of the coupling is to exchange data such as temperature and power profile between both codes. Temperature required as an input parameter for neutronics is significant since cross sections of nuclear reactions depend on temperature. Temperature may be calculated in thermal hydraulics, but this analysis needs as an input the power profile, which is a result from neutronic simulations. Exchange of data between both analyses is required to solve this problem. The coupling is a better solution compared to the assumption of estimated values of the temperatures or the power profiles; therefore the coupled analysis was created. This analysis includes single transient neutronic simulation and several steady-state thermal simulations. The power profile is generated in defined points in time during the neutronic simulation for the thermal analysis to calculate temperature. The coupled simulation gives information about thermal behavior of the reactor, nuclear reactions in the core, and the fuel evolution in time. Results show that there is strong influence of neutronics on thermal hydraulics. This impact is stronger than the impact of thermal hydraulics on neutronics. Influence of the coupling on temperature and neutron multiplication factor is presented. The analysis has been performed for the ELECTRA reactor, which is lead-cooled fast reactor concept, where the coolant fl ow is generated only by natural convection
Charged projectile spectrometry using solid-state nuclear track detector of the PM-355 type
Authors: Malinowska Aneta , Jaskóła Marian , Korman Andrzej , Szydłowski Adam , Malinowski Karol , Kuk Mirosław 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
To use effectively any radiation detector in high-temperature plasma experiments, it must have a lot of benefits and fulfill a number of requirements. The most important are: a high energy resolution, linearity over a wide range of recorded particle energy, high detection efficiency for these particles, a long lifetime and resistance to harsh conditions existing in plasma experiments and so on. Solid-state nuclear track detectors have been used in our laboratory in plasma experiments for many years, but recently we have made an attempt to use these detectors in spectroscopic measurements performed on some plasma facilities. This paper presents a method that we used to elaborate etched track diameters to evaluate the incident projectile energy magnitude. The method is based on the data obtained from a semiautomatic track scanning system that selects tracks according to two parameters, track diameter and its mean gray level.
Modeling minor actinide multiple recycling in a lead-cooled fast reactor to demonstrate a fuel cycle without long-lived nuclear waste
Authors: Stanisz Przemysław , Cetnar Jerzy , Domańska Grażyna 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The concept of closed nuclear fuel cycle seems to be the most promising options for the efficient usage of the nuclear energy resources. However, it can be implemented only in fast breeder reactors of the IVth generation, which are characterized by the fast neutron spectrum. The lead-cooled fast reactor (LFR) was defined and studied on the level of technical design in order to demonstrate its performance and reliability within the European collaboration on ELSY (European Lead-cooled System) and LEADER (Lead-cooled European Advanced Demonstration Reactor) projects. It has been demonstrated that LFR meets the requirements of the closed nuclear fuel cycle, where plutonium and minor actinides (MA) are recycled for reuse, thereby producing no MA waste. In this study, the most promising option was realized when entire Pu + MA material is fully recycled to produce a new batch of fuel without partitioning. This is the concept of a fuel cycle which asymptotically tends to the adiabatic equilibrium, where the concentrations of plutonium and MA at the beginning of the cycle are restored in the subsequent cycle in the combined process of fuel transmutation and cooling, removal of fission products (FPs), and admixture of depleted uranium. In this way, generation of nuclear waste containing radioactive plutonium and MA can be eliminated. The paper shows methodology applied to the LFR equilibrium fuel cycle assessment, which was developed for the Monte Carlo continuous energy burnup (MCB) code, equipped with enhanced modules for material processing and fuel handling. The numerical analysis of the reactor core concerns multiple recycling and recovery of long-lived nuclides and their influence on safety parameters. The paper also presents a general concept of the novel IVth generation breeder reactor with equilibrium fuel and its future role in the management of MA.
Application of the new Monte Carlo code AlfaMC to the calibration of alpha-particle sources
Authors: Vargas Miguel Jurado , Timón Alfonso Fernández , García Orellana Carlos 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Measurements of α-particle sources require corrections to the counting rate due to scattering and self-absorption in the source and the backing material. In this study, we describe a simple procedure to estimate these corrections using the new Monte Carlo code AlfaMC to consider the effects of scattering and self-absorption conjointly, and so to determine the activity of α emitters. The procedure proposed was applied to 235UO2 sources deposited on highly polished platinum backings. In general, the dependence of the efficiency with source thickness was in good agreement with a simple model considering a linear and a hyperbolic behavior for thin and thick sources, respectively, although significant deviations from this model were found for very thin sources. For these very thin sources, the Monte Carlo simulation revealed to be as a required method in the primary calibration of α-particle sources. The efficiency results obtained by simulation with AlfaMC were in agreement with available efficiency data.
From The Lisbon Strategy To Europe 2020
Authors: Lucian Paul 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The idea of a Western Europe economic recovery occurs after World War II. First as a common market, and later, after enlargement towards Central and Eastern Europe as the single internal market. Due to the new challenges with which the global economy was faced, the longterm and short-term European economy needs a coherent growth economic strategy; the success of this strategy depends on joint action. Expanding the European economy is a continuous and irreversible process, yet it advances too slowly. The Lisbon strategy is a commitment to revive the European economy in all sectors. At 5 years after implementation of this strategy it was found that the results are insufficient, so meetings were held to relaunch the Lisbon Strategy. The success of the Lisbon Strategy (2000-2010) established different opinions from European political leaders. Due to the challenges of the globalized world, the objective of the Lisbon Strategy after 2010 remained valid and recognition of the failure of the Lisbon Strategy has been transformed into formulating a new strategy, namely "Europe 2020", whose objectives are more affordable and easier control. The "Europe 2020" strategy is a mechanism of coordination of several policies, such as social policy, education, research and energy, which are the competence of national governments. The E.U. aims to further improve the competitiveness of the global economy, and promoting their interests. Under the new strategy, each Member State must assume bold development objectives for their economies, and in accordance to tradition. The competitiveness of the EU economy is directly influenced by the political stability of Europe.
Co-Movements Of U.S. And European Stock Markets Before And After The 2008 Gloal Stock Market Crash
Authors: Meric Ilhan , Nygren Lan Ma , Bentley Jerome T. , McCall Charles W. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Empirical studies show that correlation between national stock markets increased and the benefits of global portfolio diversification decreased significantly after the global stock market crash of 1987. The 1987 and 2008 crashes are the two most important global stock market crashes since the 1929 Great depression. Although the effects of the 1987 crash on the comovements of national stock markets have been investigated extensively, the effects of the 2008 crash have not been studied sufficiently. In this paper we study this issue with a research sample that includes the U.S stock market and twenty European stock markets. We find that correlation between the twenty-one stock markets increased and the benefits of portfolio diversification decreased significantly after the 2008 stock market crash.
The Effects Of Asymmetric Transmission Of Exchange Rate On Inflation In Iran: Application Of Threshold Models
Authors: Naghdi Yazdan , Kaghazian Soheila 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Given the recent fluctuation in the exchange rate and the presence of several factors such as the various economy-political sanctions (mainly embargos on oil and banking), extreme volatility in different economic fields, and consequently the devaluation of national and public procurement -A landmark that is emanating from exchange rate fluctuation - two points should be noted: First, it is essential to review the effect of exchange rate fluctuation on macro economic variables such as inflation and to provide appropriate policies. Second, the existence of this condition provides the chance to study the relation between exchange rate and inflation in a non-linear and asymmetric method. Hence, the present study seeks to use TAR model and, on the basis of monthly time series data over the period March 2002 to March 2014, to analyze the cross-asymmetric and non-linear exchange rate on consumer price index (CPI) in Iran. The results also show the presence of an asymmetric long-term relationship between these variables (exchange rate and CPI). Also, in the Iranian economy, the effect of negative shocks of exchange rate on inflation is more sustainable than the one from positive shocks.
Development Of An Econometric Model Case Study: Romanian Classification System
Authors: Savescu Roxana 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The purpose of the paper is to illustrate an econometric model used to predict the lean meat content in pig carcasses, based on the muscle thickness and back fat thickness measured by the means of an optical probe (OptiGrade PRO).The analysis goes through all steps involved in the development of the model: statement of theory, specification of the mathematical model, sampling and collection of data, estimation of the parameters of the chosen econometric model, tests of the hypothesis derived from the model and prediction equations. The data have been in a controlled experiment conducted by the Romanian Carcass Classification Commission in 2007. The purpose of the experiment was to develop the prediction formulae to be used in the implementation of SEUROP classification system, imposed by European Union legislation. The research methodology used by the author in this study consisted in reviewing the existing literature and normative acts, analyzing the primary data provided by and organization conducting the experiment and interviewing the representatives of the working team that participated in the trial.
The Bi-dimensional space of Korenblum and composition operator
Authors: Guerrero José A. , Merentes Nelson , Sánchez José L. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
In this paper we present the concept of total κ-variation in the sense of Hardy-Vitali-Korenblum for a real function defined in the rectangle Ia
b⊂R2. We show that the space κBV(Ia
b, R) of real functions of two variables with finite total κ-variation is a Banach space endowed with the norm ||f||κ = |f (a)| + κTV( f, Ia
b). Also, we characterize the Nemytskij composition operator H that maps the space of functions of two real variables of bounded κ-variation κBV(Ia
b, R) into another space of a similar type and is uniformly bounded (or Lipschitzian or uniformly continuous).
I-approximately continuous functions
Authors: Hejduk Jacek , Loranty Anna , Wiertelak Renata 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
In this paper, density-like points and density-like topology connected with a sequence I = {In}n∊ℕ of closed intervals tending to 0 will be considered. We introduce the notion of an I -approximately continuous function associated with this kind of density points. Moreover, we present some properties of these functions and we demonstrate their connection with continuous functions with respect to this kind of density topology.
On M0-sets for series with respect to characters of compact zero-dimensional
Authors: Skvortsov Valentin 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Generalizing our previous result on Walsh system, we consider the system of characters of zero-dimensional compact abelian group. For this system, we give a construction of a perfect M0-set set whose Hausdorff h-measure equals zero, where h is any non-decreasing right-continuous function taking the value zero at the origin.
Resolvability of abstract density topologies in Rn generated by lower or almost lower density operators
Authors: Horbaczewska Grażyna 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Maximal resolvability and extraresolvability (with MA) of abstract density topologies in ℝn generated by lower or almost lower density operators are shown. We note that, in some models of ZFC, the abstract density topologies in ℝn generated by a lower density operator cannot be extraresolvable.
Real functions and the extension of generalized probability measures II
Authors: Havlíčková Jana 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
We continue our study of the extensions of generalized probability measures. First, we describe some extensions of generalized random events (represented by classes of functions with values in [0,1]) to which generalized probability measures can be extended. Second, we study products of domains of probability and describe states on such products. Third, we show that the events in IF-probability, introduced by B. Riečan, form a suitable category isomorphic to a subcategory of the category of fuzzy random events. Consequently, IF-probability can be interpreted within fuzzy probability theory. We put forward some problems related to the extensions of probability domains and hint some applications.
An application of Markov chains in digital communication
Authors: Hlavičková Irena 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
This contribution shows an application of Markov chains in digital communication. A random sequence of the symbols 0 and 1 is analyzed by a state machine. The state machine switches to state “0” after detecting an unbroken sequence of w zero symbols (w being a fixed integer), and to state “1” after detecting an unbroken sequence of w ones. The task to find the probabilities of each of these two states after n time steps leads to a Markov chain. We show the construction of the transition matrix and determine the steady-state probabilities for the time-homogeneous case.
Asymptotic integration of the second order differential equation, resonance effect
Authors: Pietruczuk Barbara 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
There will be presented asymptotic formulas for solutions of the equation
y'' + (1 + φ (x))y = 0, 0 < x0 < x < ∞ ,
where function is small in a certain sense for large values of the argument. Usage of method of L-diagonal systems allows to obtain various forms of solutions depending on the properties of function φ . The main aim will be discussion about the second order differential equations possesing a resonance effect known for Wigner von Neumann potential. A class of potentials generalizing that of Wigner von Neumann will be presented.
Gaze Direction Modulates the Relation between Neural Responses to Faces and Visual Awareness
Authors: Madipakkam Apoorva Rajiv , Rothkirch Marcus , Guggenmos Matthias , Heinz Andreas , Sterzer Philipp 
Published: September 2015

Gaze direction and especially direct gaze is a powerful nonverbal cue that plays an important role in social interactions. Here we studied the neural mechanisms underlying the privileged access of direct gaze to visual awareness. We performed functional magnetic resonance imaging in healthy human volunteers who were exposed to faces with direct or averted gaze under continuous flash suppression, thereby manipulating their awareness of the faces. A gaze processing network comprising fusiform face area (FFA), superior temporal sulcus, amygdala, and intraparietal sulcus showed overall reduced neural responses when participants reported to be unaware of the faces. Interestingly, direct gaze elicited greater responses than averted gaze when participants were aware of the faces, but smaller responses when they were unaware. Additional between-subject correlation and single-trial analyses indicated that this pattern of results was due to a modulation of the relationship between neural responses and awareness by gaze direction: with increasing neural activation in the FFA, direct-gaze faces entered awareness more readily than averted-gaze faces. These findings suggest that for direct gaze, lower levels of neural activity are sufficient to give rise to awareness than for averted gaze, thus providing a neural basis for privileged access of direct gaze to awareness.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAnother person's eye gaze directed at oneself is a powerful social signal acting as a catalyst for further communication. Here, we studied the neural mechanisms underlying the prioritized access of direct gaze to visual awareness in healthy human volunteers and show that with increasing neural activation, direct-gaze faces enter awareness more readily than averted-gaze faces. This suggests that for a socially highly relevant cue like direct gaze, lower levels of neural activity are sufficient to give rise to awareness compared with averted gaze, possibly because the human brain is attuned to the efficient neural processing of direct gaze due to the biological importance of eye contact for social interactions.