bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What Drives the Mean Along‐Shelf Flow in the Northwest Atlantic Coastal Ocean?
Authors: Chen Ke , Yang Jiayan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA long‐standing hypothesis is that the steady along‐shelf circulation in the Northwest Atlantic (NWA) coastal ocean is driven by buoyancy input from continental freshwater runoff. However, the forcing from the freshwater runoff has not been adequately evaluated and compared with other potential driving mechanisms. This study investigates the roles of both wind stress and freshwater runoff in driving the mean along‐shelf flow in the NWA coastal ocean and examines other potential drivers using a newly developed high‐resolution regional model with realistic forcing conditions. The results reveal that wind stress has a larger impact than freshwater runoff on the overall mean circulation and along‐shelf sea‐level gradient on the NWA shelf. While the continental freshwater input consistently contributes to the equatorward along‐shelf flow and higher sea level along the coast, wind stress is more effective for the setup of the broad‐scale circulation pattern by driving the along‐shelf flow on the Labrador Shelf and opposing the flow in the Mid‐Atlantic Bight and on the Scotian Shelf. In addition to the local wind and continental runoff, the sub‐Arctic inflow from higher latitude is an essential part of the NWA shelf circulation system. This remote driver directly contributes to the along‐shelf flow and insulates the shelf flow from the Gulf Stream on the southern shelves.
Evaluating the Effect of Morphologic Units on Fractional Sediment Mobility and Bedload Transport in a Small Pool‐Riffle Reach
Authors: Al‐Ghorani Nisreen G. , Hassan Marwan A. , McDowell Conor 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study examines the spatial pattern of fractional sediment mobility and assesses the influence of morphologic units on bedload transport in a small pool‐riffle reach with limited supply. Using a 2D hydraulic model and a subsurface‐based sediment transport model, shear stresses, fractional sediment mobility, and bedload transport were examined for flow events ranging in magnitude between 0.2Qbf and 1.5Qbf. Results reveal that while spatial variations in shear stress decrease as discharge increases, only a small proportion of the bed experiences high transport rates. At the reach scale, riffles are the primary morphological unit contributing to fully mobile sediment for all size fractions. However, at a subunit scale, there is evidence of sediment transport reversal for grains >32 mm at flows near or exceeding bankfull discharge in association with shear stress reversal. These transport reversals are important for maintaining pools despite their infrequent occurrence in the study reach. Sediment transport maps indicate that bed morphology considerably influences sediment transport at low to moderate flows. During these events, the shear stress is sensitive to local bed topography and partial mobility is the dominant transport process. In contrast, variations in bedload transport rates decrease during high flows when the flow is less sensitive to variations in bed topography and the bed becomes fully mobile.
“Deeds not words”: the forgotten class
Authors: Jenner Bernadette 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Sir Stanley Peart Essay Competition is an annual event run by the British and Irish Hypertension Society to encourage Early Career Researchers to continue the ethos of Sir Stanley Peart. Sir Stanley Peart was a clinician and clinical researcher who made a major contribution to our understanding of blood pressure regulation. He was the first to demonstrate the release of noradrenaline in response to sympathetic nerve stimulation. He was also the first to purify, and determine the structure of, angiotensin and he later isolated the enzyme, renin, and carried out many important investigations of the factors controlling its release in the body. This year, the essay topic was “Do we need new classes of antihypertensive drugs?”. In her prize-winning essay, “Deeds not words”: the forgotten class, Dr Jenner proposes that there is a need to address the unmet needs of hypertensive women, to increase their involvement in clinical trials and develop antihypertensives that are fit for purpose. Dr Jenner proposes that women are therefore the perfect class for new antihypertensives.
PD-L1 expression and its correlation with tumor biomarkers in Chinese urothelial bladder cancer
Authors: Fan Yu , Dai Tao , Zhang Dahong , Guo Hongqian , Zhou Fangjian , Shi Benkang , Wang Shaogang , Ji Zhigang , Wang Chunxi , Yao Xudong , Wei Qiang , Chen Nanhui , Xing Jinchun , Yang Jinjian , Kong Chuize , Huang Jian , Ye Dingwei , Zhou Liqun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractData on prevalence of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression and its correlation with tumor biomarkers in Chinese patients with muscle-invasive urothelial bladder cancer (MIUBC) are scarce. We investigated the prevalence of PD-L1 expression, PD-L1 expression in tumor cells (TC) and immune cells (IC), and its correlation with tumor biomarkers (CD8+ T cells and tumor mutation burden [TMB]) in Chinese patients with newly diagnosed MIUBC (NCT03433924). Of 248 patients enrolled, 229 with PD-L1 data available were analysed. High PD-L1 expression (≥ 25% of TC or IC with PD-L1 expression) was observed in 120 (52.4%) patients. 59 cases showed positive staining in ≥ 25% of TC, and 82 cases had positive staining in ≥ 25% of IC. High expression of CD8+ T cell and TMB (> 10 mutations/megabase) was observed in 44.5% and 54.1% patients, respectively. A positive correlation was observed between percentage of TC with membrane PD-L1 positivity and CD8+ T cells (0.34; P < 0.001) and between IC with membrane PD-L1 positivity and CD8+ T cells (0.44; P < 0.001). There is high prevalence of PD-L1 expression in Chinese patients with MIUBC, suggesting that a sizable subset of patients could benefit from immunotherapy. The correlation of PD-L1 expression with tumor biomarkers provide clues for mechanisms underlying the effects of biomarkers for predicting efficacy.
An Audit of Outcomes in Cosmetic Rhinoplasty with the Mandatory Psychiatric Evaluation Protocol
Authors: Shandilya Munish , Bourke Stephanie , Shandilya Avi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWith the high demand of rhinoplasty surgery, careful selection and management of aspirants, as well as proper assessment of outcomes after surgery, are imperative for achieving successful outcomes and learning from it. The aim of this study was to answer two important questions: (1) What is the success rate in cosmetic rhinoplasty? (2) How can we best identify candidates who would achieve good outcomes in cosmetic rhinoplasty? In this study cohort, we excluded patients with any functional concerns and confounding factors that could in any way influence patient satisfaction with a cosmetic surgery. This study is a part of the trilogy of articles on “psychology of rhinoplasty” submitted to this volume of Facial Plastic Surgery, using mandatory psychiatric evaluation (MPE) to optimize candidacy. In total, 184 patients (144 females and 40 males) aged 16 to 63 years (M = 31.09) met the inclusion criteria and were included in this study (follow-up: 3–122 months; M = 70.18 months), and outcome satisfaction was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS) score and a 5-point Likert scale. The mean improvement between preoperative (M = 4.26) and postoperative VAS scores (M = 8.47) was 4.23. Most patients were happy or very happy (95.1%) about the surgical outcome. Patients who were very happy generally scored between 8 and 10 on the VAS (77.2%) and those who were happy generally scored between 6 and 7.9 (21.2%). Some patients, however, were neutral (3.3%) or unhappy (1.6%) about their surgical outcome, and generally scored around ≤7 on the VAS. Although the successful outcome in 95.1% patients reflects a carefully designed protocol for rhinoplasty candidacy, 4.9% patients reported poor satisfaction despite these efforts. An ever-present proportion of unhappy outcomes is a reality of this popular surgery.
Unravelling the link between actors’ roles in place branding processes and brand citizenship behaviour
Authors: Källström Lisa , Ripoll González Laura 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBoth scholars and practitioners agree that stakeholder participation in place branding processes is important for enhancing their support, often referred to as Brand Citizenship Behaviour (BCB). Stakeholder participation can be varied and is often linked to the different roles that place stakeholders can adopt in the place branding process. The literature suggests a link between different stakeholder roles taken along the branding process (from decision-making to implementation) and their voluntary and active supportive behaviours towards the brand project. Despite this recognition, many aspects related to place stakeholders’ roles and BCB remain underexplored, particularly what leads stakeholder to adopt certain roles and engage in behaviours associated with such roles. This study aims to fill this gap by using role theory as a theoretical lens to conceptually explore the different roles actors adopt in the place branding process, their motivations to adopting a certain role and the behavioural expectations that come with such roles. Given the complexity of places and interactive nature of place branding, we also reflect on the fluid and interrelated nature of such roles as they are constantly (re)shaped in the interactions between place stakeholders.
Intelligent diagnosis of magnetorheological clutch using image processing techniques
Authors: Quamar Danishtah , Sarkar Chiranjit 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The clutch is one of the important components of a vehicle system. Therefore, it is crucial to keep an eye on them and spot any faults while they are operating so that the operators can be informed and possible issues can be solved before they arise. In general, a fault in the clutch causes it to get eccentricity in the disc and the contact between housing and disc during its operation which impacts the non-linear dynamic behaviour of the clutch mechanism and hence it affects the performance of the same. For condition monitoring, infrared imaging is essential since the thermographic patterns change based on the defect or machine condition. In this study, novel attempts have been made to present an intelligent tribological diagnosis of magnetorheological clutch under conditions such as eccentricity of the disc due to misalignment and the contact between housing and disc with the help of an image obtained from the thermal camera. The study for intelligent tribological diagnosis has been done by image processing algorithms in the MATLAB environment. The image segmentation for diagnosis is done by the thresholding technique followed by the feature extraction technique by the Circular Hough transform algorithm. The results successfully determine whether the eccentricity and the contact between the housing and disc due to misalignment are present or not, with the help of circular features in red and blue colour.
Flexoelectric influence on crack propagation in ferroelectric single crystals: a phase-field approach
Authors: Qi Changjun , Jiang Yixuan , Wang Xingzhe 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Ferroelectric materials, known for their inherent brittleness, are prone to brittle fracture. This limitation not only curtails the materials’ operational lifespan but also impinges on the reliability of the associated devices. Notably, the pronounced strain gradient present at the crack tip necessitates consideration of the flexoelectric effect—the interaction between strain gradient and electric polarization—in the fracture mechanics of ferroelectric materials. This study introduces a phase-field model incorporating the flexoelectric effect to elucidate its role on crack growth and domain evolution in ferroelectric single crystals. Our findings demonstrate that both crack trajectory and domain switching phenomena at the crack’s forefront are substantially influenced by the magnitude and sign of the flexoelectric coefficient, as well as the initial polarization direction. Depending on the computational scenarios, the flexoelectric effect can either exacerbate or impede crack propagation. Through meticulous examination of the mechanical field distributions and their temporal progression, we have uncovered the underlying mechanisms by which the flexoelectric effect governs crack propagation in ferroelectric single crystals. These insights pave the way for improving the fracture resistance and thereby enhancing the reliability of ferroelectric devices.
Nuclear shape evolution in even-even Pd isotopic chain
Authors: El Bassem Y , El Adri M , El Batoul A , Oulne M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The covariant density functional theory is utilized to examine the evolution of shape in even–even 96−130
Pd isotopes by using the density-dependent meson-exchange DD-ME2 and the density-dependent point-coupling DD-PC1. This research is carried out by considering the evolution of the ground-state shapes derived from calculations of the axial and triaxial potential energy surfaces. The shape transition in the palladium isotopic chain is very clearly manifested. In addition, various ground-state properties, such as binding energy, charge radius, two-neutron separation energy, and two-neutron shell gap have been calculated and have been observed to adequately match the existing experimental data. Moreover, a robust shell closure is distinctly observed at the magic neutron number N = 82.
Design and sensitivity study of a novel Z-shaped gate TFET sensor with SiGe source for chemical analyte detection
Authors: Dash Sidhartha 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this work, we have designed a chemical gas sensor using a Z-shaped gate tunnel FET with a SiGe source. Here, the gate material is a conducting organic polymer, which allows for the effective detection of a variety of chemical analytes. Over the course of the sensitivity investigation, several chemical analytes were exposed, including hexane, methanol, iso-propanol, and chloroform. Detecting chemical gases is feasible due to the work-function modification of the conducting polymer with exposure to the chemical gas vapors. This leads to modifications in the electrical properties of the suggested gas sensor, which serves as a sensing metric. The impact of surrounding temperature on various sensitivity parameters of the TFET-based gas sensor is also investigated. The proposed heterostructure Z-TFET (ZHS-TFET) offers a peak drain current sensitivity of 5.65 × 105 in the case of chloroform, which is four times higher than the sensitivity provided by the ZTFET sensor. Further, the suggested chemical sensor offers a higher subthreshold swing sensitivity (SSS) of 0.29 and a current ratio sensitivity (Sratio) of 3.18. As a result of its higher-sensitivity nature and improved electrostatic performance, the proposed sensor with conducting polymer as the gate metal may be able to meet the needs of the chemical and pharmaceutical industries, as well as environmental monitoring and biological diagnostics.
Dual-narrowband terahertz metamaterial absorber based on all-metal vertical ring array for enhanced sensing application
Authors: Cai Bin , Yang Lingling , Wu Ling , Cheng Yongzhi , Li Xiangcheng 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this paper, a novel design of a dual-narrowband metamaterial absorber (MMA) was proposed for using as a high-performance refractive index (RI) sensor in the terahertz (THz) region. The proposed MMA is based on a vertical-ring-shaped (VRS) structure gold film array. Through numerical simulation, it was found that the MMA can achieve high absorption levels of 99.8% and 94.6% at 1.723 THz and 2.457 THz, respectively, which are consistent with the values obtained using coupling mode theory (CMT). The MMA also exhibits high Q-factor values of about 27.35 and 102.38, respectively, which are close to the CMT values of 29.94 and 98.34. The dual-band strong absorption of the MMA is attributed to the guided modes of the critical coupling resonance, and the absorption properties can be adjusted by changing the geometrical parameters of the unit-cell structure. The proposed MMA has a narrowband and a higher Q-factor, making it suitable for RI sensing, with a sensitivity of about 1.66 and 1.88 THz RIU−1, and a figure-of-merit (FOM) of about 259.4 and 659.7 RIU−1, respectively. These findings open up new opportunities for the development of highly efficient MMAs, which have potential applications in biochemical sensing and detection in the THz region.
Comparison of machine learning models in forecasting different ENSO types
Authors: Ibebuchi Chibuike Chiedozie , Rainey Seth , Obarein Omon A , Silva Alindomar , Lee Cameron C 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Accurate forecasting of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) plays a critical role in mitigating the impacts of extreme weather conditions linked to ENSO variability on ecosystems. This study evaluates the performance of six machine learning models in forecasting two ENSO types: the Central Pacific El Niño (Niño 4 index) and the East Central Pacific El Niño (Niño 3.4 index). The models analyzed include the Feed Forward Neural Network (FFNN), Long Short-term Memory (LSTM) neural network, eXtreme Gradient Boosting Regressor, K-Nearest Neighbors Regressor, Gradient Boosting Regressor, and Support Vector Regressor, using the ENSO index lagged by six months as the predictor. The models were trained on the monthly ENSO indices from 1870 to 1992 and tested from 1993 to 2023. We also assess the relative predictability of the two ENSO types. Events were defined as when the ENSO index exceeded

±
0.4
.

Our evaluation during the testing period reveals that for the analyzed models, the deep neural network models (LSTM and FFNN) demonstrated superior performance in forecasting ENSO at a 6-month lead time. Furthermore, all models achieved impressive all-season correlations ranging from 0.93 to 0.97 and threat score for the ENSO phases between 0.71 to 0.88 for Niño 3.4 events, and 0.72 to 0.93 for Niño 4 events. The predictability of the two ENSO types depended on the model and strength of the ENSO event. Considering both ENSO phases, La Niña events were forecasted with a higher accuracy relative to El Niño events, and all models, besides the deep learning models, notably fell short in capturing the extreme 2015/2016 Central Pacific El Niño event. These results highlight the potential of machine learning models, particularly the deep learning approaches, for skillful ENSO forecasting, by leveraging its historical data.
The influence of piezoelectric on the nonlinear stochastic vibration of BN nanoresonator
Authors: Zhang Yiqing , Xu Feng , Li Zhenbo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The outstanding physical properties of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) make it highly valuable for use in nanoelectromechanical systems. We investigate the nonlinear stochastic vibration of h-BN nanowire affected by piezoelectric. The nonlinear beam model considering the impact of piezoelectric effect excited by random force is established. Molecular dynamic simulations were utilized to determine the potential energy of h-BN nanowires under varying amplitudes affected by an external electric field. The findings suggest that an increase in the intensity of the electric field can result in buckling behavior, leading to the appearance of two stable points. The cases of pre-buckling and post-buckling of nonlinear dynamic behavior of h-BN nanowire induced by piezoelectric effect is discussed in this paper. Furthermore, the impact of the intensity of random force on the nonlinear stochastic vibration characteristics of h-BN nanowire is also examined.
Presymplectic minimal models of local gauge theories
Authors: Dneprov Ivan , Grigoriev Maxim , Gritzaenko Vyacheslav 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We elaborate on the recently proposed notion of a weak presymplectic gauge PDE. It is a

Z

-graded bundle over the space-time manifold, equipped with a degree 1 vector field and a compatible graded presymplectic structure. This geometrical data naturally defines a Lagrangian gauge field theory. Moreover, it encodes not only the Lagrangian of the theory but also its full-scale Batalin–Vilkovisky (BV) formulation. In particular, the respective field-antifield space arises as a symplectic quotient of the super-jet bundle of the initial fiber bundle. A remarkable property of this approach is that among the variety of presymplectic gauge PDEs encoding a given gauge theory we can pick a minimal one that usually turns out to be finite-dimensional, and unique in a certain sense. The approach can be considered as an extension of the familiar AKSZ construction to not necessarily topological and diffeomorphism-invariant theories. We present a variety of examples including p-forms, chiral Yang–Mills theory, Holst gravity, and conformal gravity. We also explain the explicit relation to the non-BV-BRST version of the formalism, which happens to be closely related to the covariant phase space and the multisymplectic approaches.
Bi-Lagrangian structures and the space of rays
Authors: Domitrz Wojciech , Zubilewicz Marcin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This paper focuses on local curvature invariants associated with bi-Lagrangian structures. We establish several geometric conditions that determine when the canonical connection is flat, building on our previous findings regarding divergence-free webs (Domitrz and Zubilewicz 2023 Anal. Math. Phys.
13 4). Addressing questions raised by Tabachnikov (1993 Differ. Geom. Appl.
3 265–84), we provide complete solutions to two problems: the existence of flat bi-Lagrangian structures within the space of rays induced by a pair of hypersurfaces, and the existence of flat bi-Lagrangian structures induced by tangents to Lagrangian curves in the symplectic plane.
Arctic curves of the T-system with slanted initial data
Authors: Di Francesco Philippe , Vu Hieu Trung 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We study the T-system of type

A
∞

, also known as the octahedron recurrence/equation, viewed as a

2
+
1

-dimensional discrete evolution equation. Generalizing earlier work on arctic curves for the Aztec Diamond obtained from solutions of the octahedron recurrence with ‘flat’ initial data, we consider initial data along parallel ‘slanted’ planes perpendicular to an arbitrary admissible direction

(
r
,
s
,
t
)
∈

Z

+
3

. The corresponding solutions of the T-system are interpreted as partition functions of dimer models on some suitable ‘pinecone’ graphs introduced by Bousquet–Mélou, Propp, and West in 2009. The T-system formulation and some exact solutions in uniform or periodic cases allow us to explore the thermodynamic limit of the corresponding dimer models and to derive exact arctic curves separating the various phases of the system. This direct approach bypasses the standard general theory of dimers using the Kasteleyn matrix approach and uses instead the theory of Analytic Combinatorics in Several Variables, by focusing on a linear system obeyed by the dimer density generating function.