bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corporate Social Responsibility in Human Resource Management: An analysis of common practices and their determinants in Spain
Authors: Celma Dolors , Martínez‐Garcia Esther , Coenders Germà 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the scope, types, and degree of corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices currently employed in human resource management (HRM) in Spain, and its determinants. It analyses firm, employee, and job‐related characteristics which affect the implementation of CSR in HRM. It also offers an overview of the current situation regarding CSR in HRM for a wide range of economic sectors, employees, job characteristics, and HRM practices. Information is obtained from employees rather than CEOs. Results show that companies do not engage in CSR practices to the same extent. The scope of CSR differs among types of HRM practices. The practices curently applied are grouped more according to type than to degree of responsibility. Another relevant result is that some variables such as a firm's dimension, have a clear effect on the likelihood that an employee benefits from responsible labour practices, but their effects generally vary for different types of practices. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Corporate Community Involvement In Bangladesh: An Empirical Study
Authors: Sharmin Shuchita , Khan Niaz Ahmed , Belal Ataur Rahman 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper empirically examines a corporate community involvement (CCI) initiative in Bangladesh. Drawing on a conceptual framework of ‘collaborative betterment’ and ‘collaborative empowerment’ and by using focus group discussions and interviews, it assesses the initiative to examine the extent to which it meets expectations of the community where it operates. Some of the key findings of the paper include: (i) although the initiative provides vital healthcare services to some of the most vulnerable and desperately poor communities, the level of actual engagement of the local people – the main stakeholders – has been marginal; (ii) when the principles of collaborative betterment and empowerment are considered, it can be concluded that the initiative struggles even as a ‘betterment’ process; and (iii) notwithstanding the rhetoric and high‐blown statements, corporate role in terms of practical efforts in the field has been mostly superficial and limited. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Institutions as Determinant Factors of Corporate Responsibility Strategies of Multinational Firms
Authors: Duran Juan Jose , Bajo Nuria 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTThis article examines whether the relative market value and corporate responsibility (CR) performance of multinational corporations (MNCs) that comply with rigorous international standards are explained by the degree of institutional development, the capitalist model of the country of origin, and the industrial sector in which the MNCs operate. Based on a sample of 336 MNCs from 24 countries included in the Dow Jones Sustainability Index and the FTSE4Good Index, we find that the corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategy among large MNCs is primarily determined by the capitalist (and institutional) model of their country of origin and the sector of activity in which such firms operate. Namely, more than four‐fifths of the firms belong to globally integrated sectors. In general, MNCs perform a global (integrated) CR strategy. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Optical Emission of Molecular Hydrogen in a Recombining Hydrogen Plasma
Authors: Sasaki K. , Asakawa R. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe observed optical emission of molecular hydrogen in a recombining hydrogen plasma with an electron temperature of 0.1 eV and an electron density of 3 × 1012cm–3. The optical emission intensities of molecular hydrogen in the recombining plasma were roughly 10%–45% of those in an ionizing plasma with an electron temperature of 4 eV. The ratio was greater for a transition line originated from an excited state with a larger vibrational quantum number. Because of the low electron temperature of 0.1 eV, the production processes of excited states are not considered electron impact excitation in the recombining plasma. Possible recombination processes are discussed which produce excited states of molecular hydrogen in the recombining plasma (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Formation of Single‐Layered Double‐Hydroxide Platelets in Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) and Alginate Medium: Conductive, Capacitive, and Dielectric Properties of the Hybrid Films
Authors: Leroux Fabrice , Chabrol Karine , Thérias Sandrine , Gardette Jean‐Luc , de Roy André 
Published: September 2012

AbstractDirect synthesis from an adapted salt coprecipitation of single‐crystalline layered double‐hydroxide (LDH) platelets can be realized by using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) assisted by an organo‐modifying agent, alginate (ALG). The formation of LDH inorganic platelets with a Zn/Al cation composition of 2:1 was demonstrated by TEM observations as well as by a topotactic restacking reaction that used the terephthalate molecule pillaring effect. From the perspective of PVP, LDH platelets can be viewed as hybrid filler. With regards to the inorganic platelets, the dispersive medium supplied by PVP chains in association with the biopolymer is an elegant process for generating single platelets, the whole of which can form an exfoliated polymer nanocomposite structure. The resulting transparent, crack‐free PVP films obtained from solvent casting were studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to evaluate their conductive, capacitive, and dielectric properties. Single LDH platelets have been found to be beneficial to the enhancement of the ionic conductivity, and values up to six orders of magnitude higher than PVP were reached for PVP LDH film that contains LiClO4 salt. In particular, a reversible behavior upon temperature cycling was observed for the latter in association with low activation energy. The linear Arrhenius‐type dependence of the conductivity was disrupted at 310 K, and this was also proven by the dielectric behavior expressed by the loss modulus M″(ω) as a function of the temperature as well as by an Argand diagram. Such an unexpected phenomenon is tentatively explained by a drastic change in the dielectric relaxation strength observed versus temperature. Such an easy, environmentally friendly, solvent‐free, and scalable one‐step synthesis to yield single platelets and ultimately polymer films bodes well for other chemical compositions in terms of hybrid assemblies as well as polymers.
The Trifluoromethyl Group in Transition Metal Chemistry
Authors: García‐Monforte M. Angeles , Martínez‐Salvador Sonia , Menjón Babil 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA general overview on trifluoromethyl–TM derivatives (TM = transition metal) is presented with special focus on those compounds that have been isolated or at least detected in solution. Representative examples have been selected in order to illustrate the main structural features and/or reactivity patterns.
Synthesis and Properties of Dinuclear μ‐Oxodiiron(III) Complexes of Amide‐Based Macrocyclic Ligands
Authors: Kumar Sushil , Vaidya Shefali , Pissas Michael , Sanakis Yiannis , Gupta Rajeev 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe report the syntheses, structural, Mössbauer, magnetic, and redox characterization of a series of μ‐oxido‐bridged diiron(III) complexes in a set of 13‐membered amide‐based macrocyclic ligands that contain electron‐donating and ‐withdrawing substituents (–H, –Cl, and –CH3) on the ligand periphery. For all three complexes, the Mössbauer spectra indicate that two iron sites are indistinguishable, a fact that is well supported by X‐ray crystallographic results. The three complexes exhibit almost identical isomer shifts but distinctively different quadruple splitting values. The variable‐temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements show that the unsupported single μ‐oxido group mediates a strong antiferromagnetic coupling between two FeIII ions. The three diiron complexes show quite different magnetic coupling (J = 191, 194, and 230 cm–1, respectively; Hiso = J S1·S2) that has been related to the structural differences. We also show that the electron‐donating and ‐withdrawing substituents present on the ligands influence the redox properties.
Summary of in vitro genetic toxicology assay results: Expected and unexpected effects of recent study design modifications
Authors: Clarke Jane J. , Lawlor Timothy E. , Madraymootoo Wannie , Pant Kamala , Young Robert R. , Wagner Valentine O. , Aardema Marilyn J. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractKey modifications to in vitro genetic toxicology testing have been made in the last 5 years including the use of optimization approaches such as structure–activity relationships and screening assays to identify and eliminate potentially genotoxic chemicals from further consideration, better guidance on cytotoxicity assessment and dose selection, and greater use of p53‐competent human cells. To determine the effect of these changes on testing outcomes, the pattern of positive results across assays conducted by BioReliance from 2005 to 2010 was examined. Data were tabulated for good laboratory practice (GLP)‐compliant Ames, mouse lymphoma (MLA), chromosome aberration in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, and in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBL) assays along with non‐GLP screening Ames assays. A decrease in percentage of positive results in MLA and CHO chromosome aberration assays was observed, whereas the percentage of positive Ames assays remained consistent. This was not unexpected because MLA and CHO cytogenetic assays have undergone the most substantive changes (e.g., the establishment of the Global Evaluation Factor for the MLA and the use of the relative increase in cell counts in CHO chromosome aberration assays). Over the last 5 years, there has been an increase in the percentage of positive results observed in the chromosome aberration assay in HPBL. It is speculated that this may have led to an increase in HPBL‐positive results if the chemicals routed to HPBL had previous positive genotoxicity results. Another factor may be the lack of a reliable cytotoxicity measurement in the HPBL assay. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Investigation into the metabolism of 1,8‐cineole in an intestinal cell culture model and acquisition of its immune‐modulatory effect via gene expression analysis
Authors: Müller Jakob , Gruner Natalie , Almstätter Isabella , Kirsch Frauke , Buettner Andrea , Pfaffl Michael W 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT1,8‐Cineole, a common and widely used odorant with antiphlogistic and anti‐inflammatory properties, was investigated in this study with regard to potential physiological effects targeting mainly its intestinal effects. Accordingly, the aim of the study was to utilize a combinatory methodological approach to both monitor potential biotransformatory effects on a chemo‐analytical basis, as well as physiological and immunological tools to monitor further effects of biofeedback. Reverse transcription quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction was used to monitor the occurrence of relative expression changes for particular marker genes, following 1,8‐cineole treatment. Furthermore, a potential effect of 1,8‐cineole on the proliferation and fitness of the intestinal cells using impedance sensing was studied. Generally, our studies showed that the applied model system did neither lead to any significant metabolite formation, nor did the applied dosages result in any major modifications with regard to gene expression. Also, it was shown that cineole had no effect on the intestinal porcine epithelial cells applied in pharmacological or physiological concentrations; neither during the attachment and spreading process nor on confluent cell layers. Only the exposure to high concentrations of cineole (> 1 g/l) affected the cells and led to massive cell detachment. Overall, our studies show that even common higher 1,8‐cineole dosages do not seem to lead to any major physiological or aversive response, only until a critical concentration is reached that then directly leads to cell death within the intestinal model. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transfer of training: Written self‐guidance to increase self‐efficacy and interviewing performance of job seekers
Authors: Shantz Amanda , Latham Gary P. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractSubsequent to training IT professionals ( n = 35) in skills for performing effectively in a selection interview, 16 were randomly assigned to a transfer of training intervention, written self‐guidance (WSG). This methodology is based on social cognitive and self‐persuasion theories. The results showed that WSG resulted in significantly higher ratings from an interviewer than did those in the control group. Self‐efficacy for interviewing skill mediated the relationship between WSG and performance. A content analysis of the WSG letters showed that the use of self‐affirming and self‐relevant statements was positively related to performance in the selection interview. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Loop‐linker PCR: An advanced PCR technique for genome walking
Authors: Trinh Quoclinh , Shi Hui , Xu Wentao , Hao Junran , Luo Yunbo , Huang Kunlun 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn this article, we developed a novel PCR method, termed loop‐linker PCR, to isolate flanking sequences in transgenic crops. The novelty of this approach is its use of a stem‐loop structure to design a loop‐linker adapter. The adapter is designed to form a nick site when ligated with restricted DNA. This modification not only can prevent the self‐ligation of adapters but also promotes the elongation of the 3′ end of the loop‐linker adapter to generate a stem‐loop structure in the ligation products. Moreover, the suppressive effect of the stem‐loop structure decreases nonspecific amplification and increases the success rate of the approach; all extension products will suppress exponential amplification except from the ligation product that contains the specific primer binding site. Using this method, 442, 1830, 107, and 512 bp left border flanking sequences were obtained from the transgenic maizes LY038, DAS‐59122‐7, Event 3272, and the transgenic soybean MON89788, respectively. The experimental results demonstrated that loop‐linker PCR is an efficient, reliable, and cost‐effective method for identifying flanking sequences in transgenic crops and could be applied for other genome walking applications. © 2012 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 64(10): 841–845, 2012
Synthesis of biologically active and photostable rigid poly(vinyl chloride)
Authors: Rabie Samira T. , El‐Saidi Manal M. T. , Mohamed Nadia R. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractN,N‐Dimethyl‐N′‐(6‐oxo‐2‐thioxo‐1H‐pyrimidine‐4‐yl)formamidine has been synthesized and introduced as a substituent in poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) chains via a chemical reaction. Both the dimethyl derivative and the modified PVC have been characterized via spectroscopic analyses and their biological activities have been evaluated. Both IR and 1H NMR spectral data confirm the incorporation of the newly prepared bioactive dimethyl pyrimidine derivative in the polymeric chains. The dimethyl pyrimidine derivative has exhibited good antibacterial and antifungal activities. The modified PVC shows higher antibacterial effects than that of the blank one. Photostabilizing efficiency of the modified PVC is determined by measuring the changes that occurred in the molecular weights of modified PVC samples after UV irradiation using the gel permeation chromatography technique. The extent of discoloration of the photodegraded modified PVC samples has also been measured. The results have been compared with that of the blank PVC and that of the PVC stabilized with phenyl salicylate as a reference UV absorber. The lower decrease in the values of weight average molecular weight, Mw, at the first stages of UV irradiation and the absence of crosslinking at the latter stages of irradiation confirms the photostability of the modified PVC. The extent of discoloration of the modified sample is also decreased when compared with the blank and stabilized PVC samples. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 100A:3503–3510, 2012.
Single‐breath xenon polarization transfer contrast (SB‐XTC): Implementation and initial results in healthy humans
Authors: Muradyan Iga , Butler James P. , Dabaghyan Mikayel , Hrovat Mirko , Dregely Isabel , Ruset Iulian , Topulos George P. , Frederick Eric , Hatabu Hiroto , Hersman William F. , Patz Samuel 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPurpose:To implement and characterize a single‐breath xenon transfer contrast (SB‐XTC) method to assess the fractional diffusive gas transport F in the lung: to study the dependence of F and its uniformity as a function of lung volume; to estimate local alveolar surface area per unit gas volume SA/VGas from multiple diffusion time measurements of F; to evaluate the reproducibility of the measurements and the necessity of B1 correction in cases of centric and sequential encoding.Materials and Methods:In SB‐XTC three or four gradient echo images separated by inversion/saturation pulses were collected during a breath‐hold in eight healthy volunteers, allowing the mapping of F (thus SA/VGas) and correction for other contributions such as T1 relaxation, RF depletion and B1 inhomogeneity from inherently registered data.Results:Regional values of F and its distribution were obtained; both the mean value and heterogeneity of F increased with the decrease of lung volume. Higher values of F in the bases of the lungs in supine position were observed at lower volumes in all volunteers. Local SA/VGas (with a mean ± standard deviation of SA/VGas = 89±30 cm−1) was estimated in vivo near functional residual capacity. Calibration of SB‐XTC on phantoms highlighted the necessity for B1 corrections when k‐space is traversed sequentially; with centric ordering B1 distribution correction is dispensable.Conclusion:The SB‐XTC technique is implemented and validated for in vivo measurements of local SA/VGas. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:457–470. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Electrical–thermal modeling of through‐silicon via (TSV) arrays in interposer
Authors: Xie Jianyong , Xie Biancun , Swaminathan Madhavan 
Published: September 2012

SUMMARYIn this paper, electrical–thermal modeling of through‐silicon via (TSV) arrays is presented. In order to address the thermal effect on TSVs, TSV array design and modeling need to take into account the effect of realistic system thermal profile to meet design budget. To obtain temperature estimation for a 3D system, cascadic multigrid method is employed using an initial guess obtained by simulation using equivalent thermal conductivity to represent critical regions. By considering the thermal effect on electrical conductivities of TSV conductor and silicon substrate, the electrical–thermal modeling of TSV array in the interposer is carried out using cylindrical modal basis functions. The temperature effect on TSV insertion loss, crosstalk, and RLCG parameters are discussed with examples along with correlation with measurements. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of backbone length and synthetic mutations on orientation of neurotensin fragments adsorbed onto a colloidal silver surface: SERS studies
Authors: Proniewicz Edyta , Pienpinijtham Prompong , Ozaki Yukihiro , Kim Younkyoo , Proniewicz Leonard M. 
Published: September 2012

Neurotensin (NT) is a naturally occurring neurotransmitter that mediates the metabotropic seven‐transmembrane G protein‐coupled receptors, namely NTR1s, richly expressed on tumor surface. Therefore, mutated active molecular fragments of NT that possess selective antagonist or weak agonist properties and the high affinity to NTR1 have attracted considerable interest for use in thrombus, inflammation, and imaging/treatment of tumors. In this work, SERS spectra of three N‐terminal fragments of human NT (NT1‐6, NT1‐8, and NT1‐11) and six specifically mutated C‐terminal fragments of human NT, including NT8‐13, [Dab9]NT8‐13, [Lys8,Lys9]NT8‐13, [Lys8‐(®)‐Lys9]NT8‐13, [Lys9,Trp11,Glu12]NT8‐13, and NT9‐13, adsorbed onto nanometer‐sized colloidal silver particles in an aqueous solution at pH level of the solution 2 are presented. A comparison was made between the structures of the native and mutated fragments to determine how changes in peptide length and mutations of the structure influenced the NT adsorption properties. Based on the interpretation of the obtained data, we showed that all of the investigated NT fragments, excluding [Lys9,Trp11,Glu12]NT8‐13, tended to adsorb on the silver surface mainly through the L‐tyrosine residue and the carboxylate group. The Tyr ring lied more‐or‐less flat on the silver surface. The hydrogen atom from the phenol group dissociated upon binding. On the other hand, [Lys9,Trp11,Glu12]NT8‐13 bound to this substrate through the close to vertical co‐pyrrole ring of the indole ring (Trp11) and –COO‐.Comparison of the presented data with those obtained earlier for NT allows to suggest that in the case of naturally occurring neurotensin, both Tyr residues together with the carboxylate group play crucial role in the binding to the nanometer‐sized colloidal silver particles. This geometry of binding forces the NT molecule to lay flat on the surface. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Kernel‐Based Method for Assessing Uncertainty on Individual QSAR Predictions
Authors: Tebby Cleo , Mombelli Enrico 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe assessment of uncertainty attached to individual predictions is now a priority for sound decision‐making in risk assessment. QSAR predictive uncertainty is affected by a variety of factors related to the quality of the training set data, the adopted statistical models, and the distance between the query chemical and the training set. We developed a method to quantify uncertainty associated with individual linear QSAR predictions that integrates both model and experimental error uncertainty and that defines an applicability domain based on the density of training set data. Our method is based on chemical spaces defined by latent variables identified by Partial Least Squares (PLS) regressions. The method provides a kernel regression estimate of the activity of interest as well as a measure of predictive uncertainty based on a mathematical estimation of the domain of applicability and on local propagation of uncertainty associated with training set data.
Extending the operation frequencies of standard coaxial‐to‐microstrip connectors
Authors: Li Eric S. , Cheng Jui‐Ching , Tai Wei‐Yu 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA new connector for coaxial‐to‐microstrip transitions is proposed. The structure designed for the transformation of the electromagnetic field distributions of a coaxial line and a microstrip line consists of two blocks split from a metallic ring and two parallel arrays of via holes embedded in the substrate of the microstrip line. Insertion loss caused by a field discontinuity at their transition is reduced, particularly at higher frequencies. Thus, the transmission passband of the transition is extended. A prototype of the new connector is prepared and its transition to a microstrip line with two embedded via arrays is simulated and measured for a design example. The results indicate that the proposed design can improve the 1‐dB passband of the transition by more than 60% compared to the conventional design. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:2716–2719, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27165