bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personal Preferences, Entrepreneurs’ Location Choices, and Firm Performance
Authors: Kulchina Elena 
Published: October 2015

Whereas early location work established the role of economic factors in entrepreneurs’ location choices, recent studies suggest personal reasons as another factor. However, because the places where entrepreneurs want to live are often the places where they will likely do well, it is difficult to empirically separate the two mechanisms. We focus on entrepreneurs founding firms abroad, allowing us to more effectively isolate the effect of personal location attractiveness. We leverage entrepreneurs’ decisions to relocate and manage their firms personally or to remain in a home country and hire a manager. We find that entrepreneurs who view a host country as an attractive location are more likely to relocate and manage their firms personally. However, such entrepreneur-managers have lower firm performance. These results are consistent with the idea that entrepreneurs are more likely to reside in personally attractive places and are willing to substitute benefits of living there for some firm profit. This paper was accepted by Jesper Sørensen, organizations.
Exploring the impact on young people who are caring and grieving for a parent with motor neurone disease
Authors: Clabburn Oliver , O'Brien Mary R 
Published: October 2015

Background: Motor Neurone Disease (MND) is a terminal neurological disease. Little attention has been paid in the literature to investigating the experiences of children and young people who provide care for a parent with the disease. Aim: To explore how providing care for a parent with MND impacts upon a young person's life. Sample: A purposive sample of seven young people who were bereaved or currently providing care for a parent with MND. Methods: A qualitative methodology with informal semi-structured interviews. Results: Five key themes were identified; initial MND diagnosis, changing family roles, implications upon education, implications upon social life and positive outcomes. Conclusion: The study suggests that young carers for a parent with MND experience substantial challenges in addition to some positive outcomes.
Registered nurses' involvement in advance care planning: an integrative review
Authors: Rietze Lori , Stajduhar Kelli 
Published: October 2015

Background: Even though registered nurses are uniquely positioned to have end-of-life conversations with their patients, there is limited engagement in such discussions between patients and health-care providers. Consequently, few patients are adequately prepared to make in-the-moment treatment decisions about goals of care. Objectives: The guiding question for this integrative review was what factors influence registered nurses' involvement in advance care planning (ACP) conversations with their patients in acute care settings? Methods: Based on integrative review guidelines, databases from CINAHL, Medline, Ovid, and ProQuest were searched from 1990–2014, yielding nine articles. Results: There were four patterns found in the literature: (1) Nurses' involvement in ACP, (2) Nurses' perceptions of their roles in ACP, (3) Barriers to ACP discussions, and (4) Facilitators of ACP discussions. Discussion: Additional educational opportunities related to ACP are necessary to promote integration of ACP into daily nursing care. Further research should focus on exploring operant mechanisms shaping nurses' ACP practice in acute care settings.
Nurses' resilience and nurturance of the self
Authors: Shimoinaba Kaori , O'Connor Margaret , Lee Susan , Kissane David 
Published: October 2015

Background: Despite the losses experienced by nurses in their role in palliative care, they wish to continue working in this environment. This is described as resilience, which enhances coping in dealing with death and grief. Aim: To explore the nature of nurses' resilience and the way it is developed. Design: A qualitative research design using grounded theory methods was employed. With theoretical sampling, 18 interviews were conducted and theoretical saturation was achieved. Results: Self-nurturing was evident as the way nurses developed resilience, which included knowledge of self, coping adaptively, valuing care and accepting limitations. Discussion: All participants spoke of the characteristics of resilience from the blend of individual responsibility for self and the support provided by others. However, none had educational pathways to build greater resilience. Conclusion: Integrating support and education to foster nurses' resilience is important to enable self-protection, as well as the provision of high quality care.
Comparison of 7 Published LC-MS/MS Methods for the Simultaneous Measurement of Testosterone, Androstenedione, and Dehydroepiandrosterone in Serum
Authors: Büttler Rahel M , Martens Frans , Fanelli Flaminia , Pham Hai T , Kushnir Mark M , Janssen Marcel J W , Owen Laura , Taylor Angela E , Soeborg Tue , Blankenstein Marinus A , Heijboer Annemieke C 
Published: October 2015

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Recently, LC-MS/MS was stated to be the method of choice to measure sex steroids. Because information on the mutual agreement of LC-MS/MS methods is scarce, we compared 7 published LC-MS/MS methods for the simultaneous measurement of testosterone, androstenedione, and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA).

METHODS
We used 7 published LC-MS/MS methods to analyze in duplicate 55 random samples from both men and women. We performed Passing–Bablok regression analysis and calculated Pearson correlation coefficients to assess the agreement of the methods investigated with the median concentration measured by all methods, and we calculated the intraassay CV of each method derived from duplicate results and the CVs between the methods.

RESULTS
Median concentrations of testosterone were 0.22–1.36 nmol/L for women and 8.27–27.98 nmol/L for men. Androstenedione and DHEA concentrations were 0.05–5.53 and 0.58–18.04 nmol/L, respectively. Intraassay CVs were 2.9%–10%, 1.2%–8.8%, 2.7%–13%, and 4.3%–16% for testosterone in women, testosterone in men, androstenedione, and DHEA. Slopes of the regression lines calculated by Passing–Bablok regression analysis were 0.92–1.08, 0.92–1.08, 0.90–1.13, and 0.91–1.41 for all testosterone values, testosterone in women, androstenedione, and DHEA. Intermethod CVs were 14%, 8%, 30%, and 22% for testosterone in women, testosterone in men, androstenedione, and DHEA.

CONCLUSIONS
In general, the LC-MS/MS methods investigated show reasonable agreement. However, some of the assays show differences in standardization, and others show high variation.
Gap closure process by lateral extension growth of canopy trees and its effect on woody species regeneration in a temperate secondary forest, Northeast China
Authors: Lu Deliang , Zhu Jiaojun , Sun Yirong , Hu Lile , Zhang Guangqi 
Published: October 2015

Gap formation and its effects on regeneration have been reported as being important in forest development, but seldom studies concentrated on the gap closure process by lateral extension growth of canopy trees surrounding gaps. We monitored the closure process of 12 artificial gaps for 7 years with three size classes: small (from 68 mto 125 m), middle (from 174 m to 321Â m), and large (from 514 m to 621 m); and investigated the regeneration twice in a temperate secondary forest, Northeast China. The closure process can be described through quadratic functions, which showed the closure rates slowed down with gap ages. Large gaps had a higher closure rate (39 m a) than middle gaps (25 m a) and small gaps (11 m a). According to the quadratic equations, the lateral growth could last 11, 13 and 16 years for small, middle and large gaps with a remaining size of 12, 69 and 223 m, respectively. As expected, regeneration exhibited the highest seedling density and volume in large gaps. There was no significant difference in regeneration density between middle gaps, small gaps and forest understory in the final investigation; but the volume of regenerated woody species increased significantly from small gaps to large gaps compared with forest understory. These results may provide references on the choice of appropriate gap sizes to promote the regeneration in temperate secondary forests.2 222222â12â12â12
The effects of word form variation and frequency on second language incidental vocabulary acquisition through reading
Authors: Reynolds Barry Lee 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether frequency of occurrence and the level of morphological form variation (i.e., none, inflectional, and derivational) exhibited by target words might interact to affect incidental acquisition through reading. An intact class of English as a foreign language learners (n=32) was given a copy of an unmodified 37,611-token English novel containing 49 target nonce words to read within two weeks. After reading, they were given two unexpected forms of assessment (meaning recall translation and meaning recognition multiple-choice). Meaning recall results indicate an average of 10 words having been acquired and meaning recognition results indicate an average of 25 words having been acquired. For the meaning recall data, a significant interaction effect between word form variation and frequency was found. Results point towards the conclusion that an increase in frequency may have a beneficial effect on acquisition for words whose tokens vary inflectionally, a marginal effect for words that do not vary in form, and little to no effect on words that vary derivationally. Examination of the meaning recognition acquisition results for a subset of 29 target words occurring 2–4 times to control for frequency of exposure found a significant effect for word form variation. Post hoc comparisons indicated that participants acquired significantly more target words that did not vary in form. There was no significant difference in acquisition between those that varied inflectionally and derivationally. Taken as a whole, the results of the current study indicate that word form variation does affect incidental acquisition and it can indeed present second language learners with difficulties, especially when less frequent input is received of words that vary in form. Implications for future incidental vocabulary acquisition research and classroom pedagogy incorporating reading and vocabulary instruction are discussed.
Moral Hazard in Monday Claim Filing: Evidence from Spanish Sick Leave Insurance
Authors: Martin-Roman Angel Luis , Moral Alfonso 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The Monday effect on workers’ compensation insurance shows that there is a higher proportion of hard-to-diagnose injuries the first day of the week. The aim of this paper is to test whether the physiological hypothesis or the economic explanation is more satisfactory to understand this Monday effect and, if both are correct, to obtain an estimation of the magnitude of each of them. To do this, we exploit the singular legal regulation of Spanish sick leave benefits and use this country as a “laboratory”. Our econometric analysis detects and measures a hard-to-diagnose reporting gap on Mondays by about 6.5 percentage points due to physiological reasons and up to 1.4 percentage points attributable to moral hazard for those injuries with a short recovery period.
Symbolic competence in multilingual interactions in a university setting: A complexity analysis
Authors: Gu Michelle 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis paper, drawing on the notion of symbolic competence and insights from complexity theory, investigates the multilingual practices of university students in group discussions. The data analysis reveals that the protagonists’ language uses index the various ways in which their rehearsal of potential identities, language ideologies, histories, and cultural memories are realized in the ongoing discourse. The findings indicate that language choice is not dictated by pre-existing and permanent value assigned to the languages, but is influenced by the interlocutors’ subjective perceptions of the shifting dynamics within interactions. Furthermore, the findings show that multilingual speakers show ‘semiotic awareness’ and the ability to manipulate, shape and reconstruct their environment on different timelines and space scales. It is also suggested that, as globalization has led to more and more multilingual communication, it would be desirable for teachers and educators to develop students’ symbolic competence to make them aware of both communicative and intercultural competences, and to enable them exploit social categories, the symbolic power relations of different languages and the legitimacy of languages to shape multilingual settings.
The Higgs Boson, The God Particle, and the Correlation Between Scientific and Religious Narratives
Authors: Stahlberg Lorns-Olaf 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe Higgs mechanism – as part of the Standard Model of Elementary Particle Physics – is mostly considered to be a real physical process that brings about the mass of every elementary particle. Recent discussions show that there are alternative interpretations of it, differing from the common one in the spectrum and the features of some specific physical objects. This, in turn, shows that the problem of reference remains unsolved for physical theories: It is not obvious what kind of objects theoretical terms exactly refer to. Given the fact that the reference to the object level is ambiguous even in the natural sciences, what correlations can be established between scientific terms and religious expressions at all? Do ontic ambiguities make the dialogue between science and religion easier or more complicated? This article reflects on these questions by examining the possible significations (and interrelations) of scientific and religious signs in general as well as from the perspective of the individual. I suggest that religious storytelling and ritual practices can establish specific associations between scientific and religious worldviews under certain conditions – without confusing the different world-views conceptually.
Science and/or Miracle? The System Approach to Miracle Events
Authors: Świeżyński Adam 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe system approach to the miracle is based on the conviction that the complex issues, requiring the interdisciplinary approach, should be captured in a system way. Thus, the problem of miracle, because of its interdisciplinary character, should be captured in a systemic way, because such approach enables the more adequate and comprehensive presentation of these issues. The system approach towards the epistemology of miracle is the attempt of the more adequate presentation of the relationship between the scientific-natural research and theological stage of recognizing the miracle. Because of using systemic categories, it is possible to present the common foundations (environment) of the system of scientific-natural knowledge and the system of theological interpretation, which can be described as the rationality of knowledge. The result of adopting the systemic epistemology of miracle is noticing the relations between the scientific-natural research and theological interpretation in their system complexity. Determining these relations leads to the more general conclusion that the natural sciences and theology as separate and autonomous systems of gaining the knowledge of reality do not have to be treated as the competing but rather as the complementary ones, with their methodological diversity and limitations in mind.
Standard electrode potentials involving radicals in aqueous solution: inorganic radicals (IUPAC Technical Report)
Authors: Armstrong David A. , Huie Robert E. , Koppenol Willem H. , Lymar Sergei V. , Merényi Gábor , Neta Pedatsur , Ruscic Branko , Stanbury David M. , Steenken Steen , Wardman Peter 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Recommendations are made for standard potentials involving select inorganic radicals in aqueous solution at 25 °C. These recommendations are based on a critical and thorough literature review and also by performing derivations from various literature reports. The recommended data are summarized in tables of standard potentials, Gibbs energies of formation, radical pK
a’s, and hemicolligation equilibrium constants. In all cases, current best estimates of the uncertainties are provided. An extensive set of Data Sheets is appended that provide original literature references, summarize the experimental results, and describe the decisions and procedures leading to each of the recommendations.
Models of Intra- and Interclass Correlation Test Mean-Score Reliability
Authors: Zanevskyy Ihor , Zanevska Lyudmyla 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
A mean-score reliability of a test in a form of repeated trials with the same measurement equipment is estimated using an intraclass correlation coefficient varied within -∞ and 1. The research aims to outline a method of estimation of the retest mean-score reliability coefficient adequate to its theoretical model, i.e., without negative values. The idea is: (1) to include all the scores obtained in the test–retest of the group of subjects to a united sample, and (2) to estimate corresponding true scores as individual means scores and include them to another sample. A proposed reliability score coefficient is derived as a ratio of a sum of squares of the individual means scores multiplied by a number of repeated trials to a total sum of squares. The method proposed in the work brings values of the mean-score reliability coefficient into the interval defined in the classic theory of test reliability: 0 to 1. The approach is illustrated with numerical examples.
Study on the Performance of Cold-Recycling Asphalt Mixture Influenced by Activity Sites of Lignin via Chemical Analysis
Authors: Chen Xiang , Liu Jie , Lin Juntao , Hong Jinxiang 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Gas chromatograph (GC) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) were used to investigate the activity sites of lignin, which influence the emulsifiability of emulsifier and mixing performance of cold-recycling asphalt mixture obviously, in this paper. It was found that the emulsifier A prepared by lignin A showed the highest activity in emulsifiability and mixing performance, which was due to its 9.48 activity sites on average. Moreover, emulsifier B synthesized by lignin B exhibited a lower activity on emulsifiability and mixing performance than that of lignin A, which was because lignin B had 7.68 activity sites. However, the mixing performance of emulsifier C could not satisfy the technical specifications for highway asphalt pavement recycling, which was attributed to its 4.42 activity sites only. The synthetic route of this emulsifier was simple and its performances used in cold-recycling were excellent; as such, this kind of emulsifier could have a promising application in the future.
Cost Optimization of a Single-Server Queue With Working Breakdowns Under the N Policy
Authors: Chen Jia-Yu , Yen Tseng-Chang , Wang Kuo-Hsiung 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
In this paper, we considered a single-server queue with working breakdowns under the N policy. The server was subjected to working breakdowns only when there was at least one customer in the system. We developed the steady-state probabilities of the number of customers in the system as well as several system performance measures. The stability condition was derived using a probability generating function technique. We constructed the total expected cost function per unit time and formulated an optimization problem to find the minimum cost. The two-stage optimization method is implemented to determine the optimal threshold, the optimal fast service rate, and the optimal slow service rate simultaneously at minimum cost. Numerical examples were presented to illustrate the two-stage optimization method. Sensitivity analysis with numerical illustration was also presented.
Superelastic Ball Bearings: Materials and Design to Avoid Mounting and Dismounting Brinell Damage in an Inaccessible Press-Fit Application. Part II: Detailed Analysis
Authors: Howard Samuel A. , DellaCorte Christopher , Carney Kelly S. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Rolling element bearings utilized in precision rotating machines require proper alignment, preload, and interference fits to ensure overall optimum performance. Hence, careful attention must be given to bearing installation and machine assembly procedures to ensure the above conditions are met. Usually, machines are designed such that bearings can be pressed into housings or onto shafts through the races without loading the rolling elements. However, in some instances, either because of limited size or access, a bearing must be installed or removed in such a way that the load path travels through the rolling elements. This can cause high-contact stresses between the rolling elements and the races and introduces the potential for Brinell denting of the races. In this paper, an in-depth treatment is given to the design of a dent-resistant bearing utilizing a superelastic alloy, 60NiTi, for the races. A companion paper by the authors (Part I [1]) discusses material selection and the general design philosophy for the bearing. Here, a common bearing analysis tool based on rigid body dynamics is used to design the bearing in combination with finite-element simulations to further understand the limitations of the design. The primary design constraints are prevention of denting and avoiding the balls riding over the edge of the race groove during a blind disassembly process where the load passes through the rolling elements. Through an iterative process, the resulting bearing geometry is tailored to improve axial static load capability compared to a deep-groove ball bearing of the same size. The results suggest that careful selection of materials and bearing geometry can enable blind disassembly without damage to the raceways, which is necessary in the current application (a compressor in the International Space Station distillation assembly), and results in design flexibility for other applications, especially small machines with miniature bearings.
Growth Charts for Children With Down Syndrome in the United States
Authors: Zemel Babette S. , Pipan Mary , Stallings Virginia A. , Hall Waynitra , Schadt Kim , Freedman David S. , Thorpe Phoebe 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Children with Down syndrome (DS) have lower birth weights and grow more slowly than children without DS. Advances in and increased access to medical care have improved the health and well-being of individuals with DS; however, it is unknown whether their growth has also improved. Our objective was to develop new growth charts for children with DS and compare them to older charts from the United States and more contemporary charts from the United Kingdom.

METHODS:
The Down Syndrome Growing Up Study (DSGS) enrolled a convenience sample of children with DS up to 20 years of age and followed them longitudinally. Growth parameters were measured by research anthropometrists. Sex-specific growth charts were generated for the age ranges birth to 36 months and 2 to 20 years using the LMS method. Weight-for-length and BMI charts were also generated. Comparisons with other curves were presented graphically.

RESULTS:
New DSGS growth charts were developed by using 1520 measurements on 637 participants. DSGS growth charts for children &lt;36 months of age showed marked improvements in weight compared with older US charts. DSGS charts for 2- to 20-year-olds showed that contemporary males are taller than previous charts showed. Generally, the DSGS growth charts are similar to the UK charts.

CONCLUSIONS:
The DSGS growth charts can be used as screening tools to assess growth and nutritional status and to provide indications of how growth of an individual child compares with peers of the same age and sex with DS.