bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterisation of field‐evolved resistance to chlorantraniliprole in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, from China
Authors: Wang Xingliang , Khakame Shem K , Ye Chao , Yang Yihua , Wu Yidong 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundChlorantraniliprole and flubendiamide belong to the new chemical class of diamide insecticides. High levels of resistance to chlorantraniliprole rapidly evolved in field populations of Plutella xylostella from southern China. An investigation was made of diamide cross‐resistance, as well as inheritance, stability and metabolic mechanisms of chlorantraniliprole resistance in field populations of P. xylostella from southern China.ResultsThree field populations of P. xylostella collected from southern China in 2011 showed high levels of cross‐resistance between chlorantraniliprole (18–1150‐fold) and flubendiamide (15–800‐fold) when compared with a susceptible reference strain. Genetic analysis showed that chlorantraniliprole resistance in the ZC population was autosomal and incompletely recessive. In the absence of selection pressure, resistance to chlorantraniliprole in the ZC population declined from 2040‐fold (G1) to 25‐fold (G7). The ZC‐R strain (derived by selection from ZC) exhibited 670‐fold resistance to chlorantraniliprole, which is synergised by known metabolic inhibitors such as PBO, DEM and DEF at low levels.ConclusionField‐evolved resistance to chlorantraniliprole in P. xylostella confers strong cross‐resistance to flubendiamide, so both compounds should be well separated and not alternated in resistance management strategies. High‐level resistance to chlorantraniliprole in the ZC population was incompletely recessive and not stable. Metabolic detoxification was involved in chlorantraniliprole resistance in the ZC‐R strain to some extent, but target‐site resistance could not be excluded. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Drag produced by trapped lee waves and propagating mountain waves in a two‐layer atmosphere
Authors: Teixeira M.A.C. , Argaín J.L. , Miranda P.M.A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe surface drag force produced by trapped lee waves and upward propagating waves in non‐hydrostatic stratified flow over a mountain ridge is explicitly calculated using linear theory for a two‐layer atmosphere with piecewise‐constant static stability and wind speed profiles. The behaviour of the drag normalized by its hydrostatic single‐layer reference value is investigated as a function of the ratio of the Scorer parameters in the two layers l2/l1 and of the corresponding dimensionless interface height l1H, for selected values of the dimensionless ridge width l1a and ratio of wind speeds in the two layers. When l2/l1 → 1, the propagating wave drag approaches 1 in approximately hydrostatic conditions, and the trapped lee wave drag vanishes. As l2/l1 decreases, the propagating wave drag progressively displays an oscillatory behaviour with l1H, with maxima of increasing magnitude due to constructive interference of reflected waves in the lower layer. The trapped lee wave drag shows localized maxima associated with each resonant trapped lee wave mode, occurring for small l2/l1 and slightly higher values of l1H than the propagating wave drag maxima. As l1a decreases, i.e. the flow becomes more non‐hydrostatic, the propagating wave drag decreases and the regions of non‐zero trapped lee wave drag extend to higher l2/l1. These results are confirmed by numerical simulations for l2/l1 = 0.2. In parameter ranges of meteorological relevance, the trapped lee wave drag may have a magnitude comparable to that of propagating wave drag, and be larger than the reference single‐layer drag. This may have implications for drag parametrization in global climate and weather‐prediction models. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Unsupervised classification and analysis of objects described by nonparametric probability distributions
Authors: Emilion Richard 
Published: September 2012

AbstractVarious objects can be summarily described by probability distributions: groups of raw data, paths of stochastic processes, neighborhoods of an image pixel and so on. Dealing with nonparametric distributions, we propose a method for classifying such objects by estimating a finite mixture of Dirichlet distributions when the observed distributions are assumed to be outcomes of a finite mixture of Dirichlet processes. We prove the consistency of such a classification by using the mutual singularity of two distinct Dirichlet processes and the martingale convergence theorem. Moreover, this consistency allows us to use some standard data analysis and statistical methods for analyzing the class labels of these objects. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining, 2012
Low lysine diet in glutaric aciduria type I – effect on anthropometric and biochemical follow‐up parameters
Authors: Boy Nikolas , Haege Gisela , Heringer Jana , Assmann Birgit , Mühlhausen Chris , Ensenauer Regina , Maier Esther M. , Lücke Thomas , Hoffmann Georg F. , Müller Edith , Burgard Peter , Kölker Stefan 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundMetabolic treatment in glutaric aciduria type I (GA‐I) including a low lysine diet with lysine‐free, tryptophan‐reduced amino acid supplements (AAS), carnitine supplementation and early start of emergency treatment during putatively threatening episodes of intermittent febrile illness dramatically improves the outcome and thus has been recommended by an international guideline group (Kölker et al, J Inherit Metab Dis 30:5–22, 2007). However, possible affection of linear growth, weight gain and biochemical follow‐up monitoring has not been studied systematically.MethodsThirty‐three patients (n = 29 asymptomatic, n = 4 dystonic) with GA‐I who have been identified by newborn screening in Germany from 1999 to 2009 were followed prospectively during the first six years of life. Dietary treatment protocols, anthropometrical and biochemical parameters were longitudinally evaluated.ResultsMean daily intake as percentage of guideline recommendations was excellent for lysine (asymptomatic patients: 101 %; dystonic patients: 103 %), lysine‐free, tryptophan‐reduced AAS (108 %; 104 %), energy (106 %; 110 %), and carnitine (92 %; 102 %). Low lysine diet did not affect weight gain (mean SDS 0.05) but mildly impaired linear growth in asymptomatic patients (mean SDS −0.38), while dystonic patients showed significantly reduced weight gain (mean SDS −1.32) and a tendency towards linear growth retardation (mean SDS −1.03). Patients treated in accordance with recent recommendations did not show relevant abnormalities of routine biochemical follow‐up parameters.InterpretationLow lysine diet promotes sufficient intake of essential nutrients and anthropometric development in asymptomatic children up to age 6 year, whereas individualized nutritional concepts are required for dystonic patients. Revised recommendations for biochemical monitoring might be required for asymptomatic patients.
Comparative binding, endocytosis, and biodistribution of antibodies and antibody‐coated carriers for targeted delivery of lysosomal enzymes to ICAM‐1 versus transferrin receptor
Authors: Papademetriou Jason , Garnacho Carmen , Serrano Daniel , Bhowmick Tridib , Schuchman Edward H. , Muro Silvia 
Published: September 2012

AbstractTargeting lysosomal enzymes to receptors involved in transport into and across cells holds promise to enhance peripheral and brain delivery of enzyme replacement therapies (ERTs) for lysosomal storage disorders. Receptors being explored include those associated with clathrin‐mediated pathways, yet other pathways seem also viable. Well characterized examples are that of transferrin receptor (TfR) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM‐1), involved in iron transport and leukocyte extravasation, respectively. TfR and ICAM‐1 support ERT delivery via clathrin‐ vs. cell adhesion molecule‐mediated mechanisms, displaying different valency and size restrictions. To comparatively assess this, we used antibodies vs. larger multivalent antibody‐coated carriers and evaluated TfR vs. ICAM‐1 binding and endocytosis in endothelial cells, as well as in vivo biodistribution and delivery of a model lysosomal enzyme required in peripheral organs and brain: acid sphingomyelinase (ASM), deficient in types A‐B Niemann Pick disease. We found similar binding of antibodies to both receptors under control conditions, with enhanced binding to activated endothelium for ICAM‐1, yet only anti‐TfR induced endocytosis efficiently. Contrarily, antibody‐coated carriers showed enhanced binding, engulfment, and endocytosis for ICAM‐1. In mice, anti‐TfR enhanced brain targeting over anti‐ICAM, with an opposite outcome in the lungs, while carriers enhanced ICAM‐1 targeting over TfR in both organs. Both targeted carriers enhanced ASM delivery to the brain and lungs vs. free ASM, with greater enhancement for anti‐ICAM carriers. Therefore, targeting TfR or ICAM‐1 improves lysosomal enzyme delivery. Yet, TfR targeting may be more efficient for smaller conjugates or fusion proteins, while ICAM‐1 targeting seems superior for multivalent carrier formulations.
Vaginal acidity enhancement with a 3% acetic acid gel prior to misoprostol treatment for pregnancy termination in the midtrimester
Authors: Abd‐El‐Maeboud Karim H.I. , Ghazy Abbas , Ibrahim Ahmed , Hassan Nashwa , El‐Bohoty Ahmed , Gamal‐El‐Din Islam 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate whether enhancing vaginal acidity improves the success of medical abortions in the midtrimester.MethodsA double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial was conducted with 48 women with missed midtrimester abortions. Twice daily, the study participants (n = 24) were treated with a 3% acetic acid gel and the controls (n = 24) with a placebo gel, starting 2 days prior to initiating the misoprostol treatment. The primary outcome measures were the rates of successful abortion within 24 and 48 hours. Secondary measures included gel tolerability and adverse effects of the misoprostol treatment.ResultsThe success rates were higher in the study group, within both 24 hours (11/23 vs 3/24;P= 0.011) and 48 hours (18/23 vs 6/24;P< 0.001). Among the women with a vaginal pH of 5 or higher at baseline, acidic gel was also associated with higher success rates within 24 hours (8/13 vs 2/15;P< 0.01) and 48 hours (13/13 vs 3/15;P< 0,001). The vaginal gels were well tolerated and the misoprostol treatment produced no serious adverse effects.ConclusionA 3% acetic acid gel appears to be an effective and safe preparatory adjuvant to vaginal misoprostol treatment for midtrimester medical abortions, especially in women with a vaginal pH of 5 or higher.www.controlledtrials.com: ISRCTN75746444
Sociodemographic characteristics and food habits of organic consumers – a study from the Danish National Birth Cohort
Authors: Petersen Sesilje B , Rasmussen Morten A , Strøm Marin , Halldorsson Thorhallur I , Olsen Sjurdur F 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo develop a basis for building models that can examine the impact of organic food (OF) choices on maternal and offspring health, including identification of factors associated with OF consumption and underlying dietary patterns.DesignDietary intake was collected for the preceding month from an FFQ in mid-pregnancy and information on sociodemographic characteristics was collected from telephone interviews during pregnancy. From a question about OF consumption in the FFQ, including six food categories, an OF preference index was calculated. Latent variables that captured the variability in OF choices in relation to dietary intake were defined.SettingThe Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC), 1996–2002.SubjectsPregnant women from DNBC (n 60 773).ResultsWe found that frequent OF use was highly associated with age, occupational status, urbanization, smoking and vegetarianism. By principal components analysis we identified two eating patterns, a ‘Western dietary pattern’ and a ‘Prudent dietary pattern’, that explained 14·2 % of the variability in data. Frequent OF users consumed a more ‘prudent’ diet compared with non-users and had significantly higher intakes of vegetables (+67 %), fibre (+13 %) and n-3 fatty acids (+11 %) and less saturated fat (−8 %).ConclusionsFrequent OF users seemed to have a healthier lifestyle than non-users. These findings highlight a major challenge in observational studies examining the impact of OF consumption on health due to potentially irremediable confounding factors.
The future of humanitarian action: an ICRC perspective
Authors: McGoldrick Claudia 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe evolving global environment in which humanitarian actors operate is posing profound challenges, both in terms of the increasing complexity of major crises and their impact on affected people, and in terms of the changes within the humanitarian sector itself as it tries to respond. This article gives one perspective of what the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) considers to be some of the key challenges facing humanitarian action now and in the coming years, and how the institution aims to address these challenges while remaining faithful to its fundamental principles of impartiality, neutrality, and independence.
The emerging concept of humanitarian diplomacy: identification of a community of practice and prospects for international recognition
Authors: Régnier Philippe 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn recent years the term ‘humanitarian diplomacy’ has become fashionable among humanitarian organizations in general, and within the Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement in particular. However, the very idea of ‘humanitarian diplomacy’ is not uncontroversial, owing to the imprecise and contested nature of the term, and to its unclear operational application. The present article proposes to explore the definitions and scope of action of humanitarian diplomacy, as well as some of the challenges that it faces, with a view to preparing the way for its eventual recognition by the international community.
Rovibrationally selected ion-molecule collision study using the molecular beam vacuum ultraviolet laser pulsed field ionization-photoion method: Charge transfer reaction of N2+(X 2Σg+; v+ = 0–2; N+ = 0–9) + Ar
Authors: Chang Yih Chung , Xu Yuntao , Lu Zhou , Xu Hong , Ng C. Y. 
Published: September 2012

We have developed an ion-molecule reaction apparatus for state-selected absolute total cross section measurements by implementing a high-resolution molecular beam vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) laser pulsed field ionization-photoion (PFI-PI) ion source to a double-quadrupole double-octopole ion-guide mass spectrometer. Using the total cross section measurement of the state-selected N2+(v+, N+) + Ar charge transfer (CT) reaction as an example, we describe in detail the design of the VUV laser PFI-PI ion source used, which has made possible the preparation of reactant N2+(X 2Σg+, v+ = 0–2, N+ = 0–9) PFI-PIs with high quantum state purity, high intensity, and high kinetic energy resolution. The PFI-PIs and prompt ions produced in the ion source are shown to have different kinetic energies, allowing the clean rejection of prompt ions from the PFI-PI beam by applying a retarding potential barrier upstream of the PFI-PI source. By optimizing the width and amplitude of the pulsed electric fields employed to the VUV-PFI-PI source, we show that the reactant N2+ PFI-PI beam can be formed with a laboratory kinetic energy resolution of ΔElab = ± 50 meV. As a result, the total cross section measurement can be conducted at center-of-mass kinetic energies (Ecm’s) down to thermal energies. Absolute total rovibrationally selected cross sections σ(v+ = 0–2, N+ = 0–9) for the N2+(X 2Σg+; v+ = 0–2, N+ = 0–9) + Ar CT reaction have been measured in the Ecm range of 0.04–10.0 eV, revealing strong vibrational enhancements and Ecm-dependencies of σ(v+ = 0–2, N+ = 0–9). The thermochemical threshold at Ecm = 0.179 eV for the formation of Ar+ from N2+(X; v+ = 0, N+) + Ar was observed by the measured σ(v+ = 0), confirming the narrow ΔEcm spread achieved in the present study. The σ(v+ = 0–2; N+) values obtained here are compared with previous experimental and theoretical results. The theoretical predictions calculated based on the Landau-Zener-Stückelberg formulism are found to be in fair agreement with the present measured σ(v+ = 1 or 2; N+). Taking into account of the experimental uncertainties, the measured σ(v+ = 1 or 2, N+) for N+ = 0–9 at Ecm = 0.04–10.0 eV are found to be independent of N+.
The bovine CD1D gene has an unusual gene structure and is expressed but cannot present α-galactosylceramide with a C26 fatty acid
Authors: Nguyen Thi Kim Anh , Koets Ad P. , Vordermeier Martin , Jervis Peter J. , Cox Liam R. , Graham Simon P. , Santema Wiebren J. , Moody D. Branch , van Calenbergh Serge , Zajonc Dirk M. , Besra Gurdyal S. , Van Rhijn Ildiko 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAlthough CD1d and NKT cells have been proposed to have highly conserved functions in mammals, data on functions of CD1d and NKT cells in species other than humans and rodents are lacking. Upon stimulation with the CD1d-presented synthetic antigen α-galactosylceramide, human and rodent type I invariant NKT cells release large amounts of cytokines. The two bovine CD1D (boCD1D) genes have structural features that suggest that they cannot be translated into functional proteins expressed on the cell surface. Here we provide evidence that despite an intron–exon structure and signal peptide that are different from all other known CD1 genes, boCD1D can be translated into a protein that is expressed on the cell surface. However, in vivo treatment of cattle (Bos taurus) with 0.1, 1, or 10 µg kg–1 of the most commonly used α-galactosylceramide, which has a C26 fatty acid, did not lead to an increase in body temperature and serum cytokine levels of the animals. This lack of reactivity is not due to a complete inability of boCD1d to present glycosphingolipids because α-galactosylceramide variants with shorter fatty acids could be presented by boCD1d to human NKT cells in vitro. This suggests that the natural ligands of boCD1d are smaller lipids.
Meta‐analysis: oral bisphosphonates and the risk of oesophageal cancer
Authors: Andrici J. , Tio M. , Eslick G. D. 
Published: September 2012

SummaryBackgroundBisphoshonates, which are used in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis, have recently been implicated in the development of oesophageal cancer; however, studies report conflicting data.AimTo conduct a meta‐analysis of studies reporting on the association between bisphosphonates and oesophageal cancer to quantify the relationship.MethodsA search was conducted through Medline, PubMed, Embase and Current Contents Connect to 2 August 2012. We calculated pooled odds ratios and 95% CIs using a random effects model for the risk of oesophageal cancer associated with exposure to bisphosphonates, as well as for the different periods of exposure.ResultsSeven studies, with 19 700 oesophageal cancer cases, met our inclusion criteria. We found a positive relationship between exposure to bisphosphonates and oesophageal cancer, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.74 with a 95% CI of 1.19–2.55. Heterogeneity was observed (I2 = 85%, P < 0.001). Publication bias was not present. An increased risk of oesophageal cancer was also found in the group exposed to bisphosphonates for a longer period of time, compared with the group who experienced a shorter period of exposure (OR 2.32; 95% CI 1.57–3.43 vs. OR 1.35; 95% CI 0.77–2.39). An increased risk was associated with exposure to Etidronate (OR 1.58; 95% CI 1.12–2.24), but not to Aledronate.ConclusionsExposure to bisphosphonates may be associated with an increased risk of oesophageal cancer. More studies are needed to confirm the relationship.
Transient myeloproliferative disorder in children with Down syndrome: clarity to this enigmatic disorder
Authors: Gamis Alan S. , Smith Franklin O. 
Published: September 2012

SummaryChildren with trisomy 21 have a unique predisposition to develop a megakaryoblastic proliferative disease of varying severity during their first 3 months of life. This disorder exists in no other children or adults without the presence of trisomy 21 and only occurs in the fetal or neonatal period of life. Its spontaneous resolution in most cases further delineates it from otherwise indistinguishable neonatal leukaemias. The identification that GATA1 mutations are the leukaemogenic source along with three recently reported prospective clinical trials now provide a clearer understanding of this haematopoietic disorder. These recent advances in this enigmatic disorder, now known as Transient Myeloproliferative Disorder, are reviewed here in order to bring clarity to the breadth of organ involvement, the range of severity, the risk factors for mortality, the therapeutic options for severe manifestations, the natural course of spontaneous resolution regardless of therapy, and the elucidation of the subsequent risk for myeloid leukaemia.
Epidemiology of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, Patterns of Management, and Outcomes in China: A Hospital‐Based Multicenter Prospective Study
Authors: Bian Li‐Heng , Liu Yan‐Fang , Nichols Li Tan , Wang Chun‐Xue , Wang Yi‐Long , Liu Gai‐Fen , Wang Wen‐Juan , Zhao Xing‐Quan 
Published: September 2012

SummaryAimsTo conduct a large‐scale analysis on epidemiology, management, and outcomes of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and to investigate the current situation of aneurysm obliteration in China.MethodsA multicenter prospective cohort study involving 132 hospitals throughout China from September 2007 to August 2008 was conducted. A total of 651 patients with spontaneous SAH were evaluated.ResultsThe most frequent type of SAH was aneurysmal SAH (77.4%), followed by uncommon causes (17.5%) and uncertain etiologies (5.1%). For aneurysmal SAH, the cumulative mortality at 28 days, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months was 16.9%, 21.2%, 23.6%, and 24.6%, respectively. Obliteration of aneurysms, age, Hunt and Hess grade, and history of stroke affected the 12‐month mortality. In multiple regression analysis, the region, type of hospital, patient's age, history of hypertension, and nonintraventricular hemorrhage impacted aneurysm obliteration.ConclusionAneurysmal rupture is the most common cause of spontaneous SAH in China. The percentage of aneurysm obliteration is still low in China that seems to contribute to long‐term mortality. With continued training of specialists, proper allocation of healthcare resources, and establishment of stroke centers, the rate of securing aneurysms is expected to rise.
How safe is it to manage diverticular colovesical fistulation non‐operatively?
Authors: Radwan R. , Saeed Z. M. , Phull J. S. , Williams G. L. , Carter A. C. , Stephenson B. M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAim  Colovesical fistula (CVF) is an uncommon condition. Diagnosis and management varies according to presentation and aetiology. The identification of patients suitable for conservative management and their outcome following this approach has not been well documented.Methods  The clinical outcomes of all patients diagnosed with a CVF over a 7‐year period from an uro‐radiological database were reviewed. Cases secondary to diverticular disease were analysed with respect to the approach by which they were managed: those treated surgically and those managed conservatively.Results  Sixty‐two patients (32 men) were diagnosed with CVF of whom 53 (85%) had diverticular disease. Twenty‐seven (mean age 69 years, range 42–90) underwent surgery (with a stoma in 59%) with a 30‐day mortality of 15%. Those managed conservatively (n = 26) were older (mean age 76 years, range 39–87) and frailer (62% American Society of Anesthesiologists Grades III and IV). At 1 and 3 years following diagnosis there was no difference in mortality between these two groups and only one death was as a consequence of urosepsis.Conclusion  Many patients with CVF secondary to diverticular disease can be safely managed non‐operatively.