bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current disease treatments for the ornamental pet fish trade and their associated problems
Authors: Larcombe E. , Alexander M. E. , Snellgrove D. , Henriquez F. L. , Sloman K. A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe trade in live ornamental fishes to be held as companion animals or displayed in public aquaria has an estimated global annual value of US$15–20 billion. Supply chains for ornamental pet fishes often involve many more parties than for fish farmed as food fishes, and at each stage, fishes are exposed to stressors including handling, confinement, crowding, mechanical disturbance, and poor water quality. If chronic, these stressors can compromise their immune system, making fishes more susceptible to pathogens. Mortality and morbidity from infectious disease can result in considerable welfare impacts and massive economic losses for the industry, and the range of infective agents seen in ornamental species is well documented. However, treating these diseases is not straightforward with practices varying greatly across the trade and with several approaches having unintended consequences, such as the emergence of resistant strains of pathogens. While disease treatments for a handful of fish species (e.g., koi, goldfish) have received focused research attention, for the home aquarium owner, there is an increasing reliance on products based on natural compounds which have received far less scientific attention. This review aims to highlight the gaps in our knowledge surrounding the range of disease treatments used across the ornamental pet fish trade, with a particular focus on freshwater tropical species destined for home aquaria. Consideration is given to the potential problems arising from these treatments, including microbial resistance and effects of treatments themselves on fish health and welfare.
Regression‐based network‐flow and inner‐matrix reconstruction
Authors: Lebacher Michael , Kauermann Göran 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNetwork or matrix reconstruction is a general problem that occurs if the row‐ and column sums of a matrix are given, and the matrix entries need to be predicted conditional on the aggregated information. In this paper, we show that the predictions obtained from the iterative proportional fitting procedure (IPFP) or equivalently maximum entropy (ME) can be obtained by restricted maximum likelihood estimation relying on augmented Lagrangian optimization. Based on this equivalence, we extend the framework of network reconstruction, conditional on row and column sums, toward regression, which allows the inclusion of exogenous covariates and bootstrap‐based uncertainty quantification. More specifically, the mean of the regression model leads to the observed row and column margins. To exemplify the approach, we provide a simulation study and investigate interbank lending data, provided by the Bank for International Settlement. This dataset provides full knowledge of the real network and is, therefore, suitable to evaluate the predictions of our approach. It is shown that the inclusion of exogenous information leads to superior predictions in terms of and errors.
On the idea of freedom in modern African political philosophy
Authors: Táíwò Olúfẹ́mi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWhen Liberia, at its inception, adopted for her motto, “The Love of Freedom Brought Us Here,” they were registering their embrace of a core tenet of modernity: the idea that freedom was the primary state of humanity and that any form of social living that turned this free being into a bonded phenomenon, forces it to obey dictates and laws not of its own choosing, to bow before rulers it had no hand in electing, and to live at the behest of another must stand condemned. They were merely the latest, back then, instantiation of Africans as singers of freedom's song in the modern age. Unfortunately, neither theirs nor earlier iterations in the Haitian Revolution, much less later contributions by other Africans in the continent, are to be found routinely, if at all, in the annals of modern philosophy. In this essay, I bring to our awareness how African thinkers have domesticated the idea of freedom as a legacy of modernity in their world. This is one of the bodies of work that is obscured by the wall that I argue, in Against Decolonisation: Taking African Agency Seriously (Hurst Publishers, 2022), decolonizers have erected in their mistaking, wittingly or unwittingly, modernity for colonialism and/or Westernization.
Sociocultural perspectives on neurodiversity—An analysis, interpretation and synthesis of the basic terms, discourses and theoretical positions
Authors: Grummt Marek 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe neurodiversity concept can now be found in many places. However, it is often misunderstood and many people are not aware of its complexity. The aim of this paper is to highlight the different facets of the term neurodiversity as well as the discourses around the neurodiversity movement in order to bring together the interconnections around identity politics, diversity and social disadvantage. This article is intended as a contribution to the advancement of neurodiversity studies, which could be understood as a branch of disability studies. Finally, it will be argued that neurodiversity can be understood (1) as a natural and equal diversity of neuronal structures, (2) as a concept of identity politics, (3) as social critique of hegemonic structures and practices, and (4) as a subject that can be examined systematically on the basis of a praxeological research methodology that integrates neurodiversity in the concept of performativity of embodied thought and action.
Tribute to Peter Holmes and his statistical education achievements
Authors: Davies Neville , MacGillivray Helen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPeter Holmes, renowned teacher, statistical educator, and founding editor of this journal, passed away peacefully on April 2, 2024, age 86 years. Peter was one of the great UK pioneers of statistical education in the 20th and 21st centuries. He developed a reputation nationally and internationally for his teaching ability, innovative ideas for pedagogy, and resource creation for students and teachers in statistics. Many people benefitted from his skills and generosity of ideas, both in the United Kingdom and globally.
Prediabetes and the treatment outcome of tuberculosis: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Liang Lingbo , Su Qiaoli 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectivesDiabetes has been related to higher risk and poor prognosis of patients with tuberculosis, while the influence of prediabetes on the treatment outcome of patients with tuberculosis remains not determined. A meta‐analysis was performed to evaluate the influence of prediabetes on treatment outcome of patients with tuberculosis.MethodsRelevant cohort studies were acquired through a search of Medline, Embase, and Web of Science databases. To minimise the influence of between‐study heterogeneity, a randomised‐effects model was used to pool the results.ResultsEight prospective cohort studies including 3001 patients with tuberculosis were available for the meta‐analysis. Among them, 752 (25.1%) were with prediabetes at baseline, and the patients were followed for a mean duration of 17.7 months. It was shown that compared to patients with normoglycemia, those with prediabetes were associated with a higher incidence of unfavourable treatment outcome (risk ratio [RR]: 1.41, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02 to 1.96, p = 0.04; I2 = 56%). Subgroup analysis did not support that difference in study country (Asian or non‐Asian), diagnosis (pulmonary tuberculosis only or also with extrapulmonary tuberculosis), mean age, follow‐up duration, or study quality score had significant influence on the results (p for subgroup difference all >0.05). However, prediabetes at baseline was not associated with an increased risk of all‐cause mortality during follow‐up (RR: 1.59, 95% CI: 0.75 to 3.38, p = 0.23; I2 = 54%).ConclusionsPatients with tuberculosis and prediabetes may have a higher risk of unfavourable treatment outcome compared to patients with normoglycemia.
Overexpression of FERONIA receptor kinase MdMRLK2 regulates lignin accumulation and enhances water use efficiency in apple under long‐term water deficit condition
Authors: Jing Yuanyuan , Pei Tingting , Zhang Shangyu , Li Chunrong , Zhan Minghui , Li Chao , Gong Xiaoqing , Mao Ke , Liu Changhai , Ma Fengwang 
Published: July 2024

SUMMARYWater use efficiency (WUE) is crucial for apple tree fitness and survival, especially in response to climatic changes. The receptor‐like kinase FERONIA is reportedly an essential regulator of plant stress responses, but its role in regulating WUE under water deficit conditions is unclear. Here, we found that overexpressing the apple FERONIA receptor kinase gene, MdMRLK2, enhanced apple WUE under long‐term water deficit conditions. Under drought treatment, 35S::MdMRLK2 apple plants exhibited higher photosynthetic capacity and antioxidant enzyme activities than wild‐type (WT) plants. 35S::MdMRLK2 apple plants also showed increased biomass accumulation, root activity, and water potential compared to WT plants. Moreover, MdMRLK2 physically interacts with and phosphorylates cinnamoyl‐CoA reductase 1, MdCCR1, an enzyme essential for lignin synthesis, at position Ser260. This interaction likely contributed to increased vessel density, vascular cylinder area, and lignin content in 35S::MdMRLK2 apple plants under drought conditions. Therefore, our findings reveal a novel function of MdMRLK2 in regulating apple WUE under water deficit conditions.
Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Intake Closing Timing on Flow Field and Combustion Process in an Elliptical Rotary Engine
Authors: Yao Dasuo , Pei Yiqiang , Qin Jing , Wang Yingbo , Wang Tongjin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of intake closing timing (ICT) on the flow field and combustion process in elliptical rotary engines. The model that can accurately describe the working process of the elliptical rotary engine was established, five kinds of ICTs were designed, and the influence of ICT on the flow field and combustion process was studied. The results show that the advance of the ICT can increase the intake mass flowrate and reduce the back flowrate, the volumetric efficiency is 86.1% at a 145-deg crank angle (°CA) before top dead center (BTDC), which is 7.6% higher than 125 °CA BTDC. The advance of the ICT improves the consumption speed, makes the combustion reaction more intense, and shortens the combustion time. When the ICT is 145 °CA BTDC, the crank angle when the burned mass fraction is 90% (CA90) is 19.4 °CA earlier than 125 °CA BTDC, the peak mass of hydroxy in a cylinder is 41.6% higher, and the peak pressure in a cylinder is 25.9% higher. With the advance of the ICT, the pressure and heat release in the cylinder are significantly increased, the peak temperature in the cylinder is increased, the rate of carbon monoxide generation is accelerated, and the mass of nitrogen oxide emission is significantly increased. However, advancing the ICT cannot improve the indicated thermal efficiency of the elliptical rotary engine. This analysis provides a comprehensive understanding of the ICT of elliptical rotary engines.
High-Temperature Fatigue of Additively Manufactured Inconel 718: A Short Review
Authors: Alfred Samuel Onimpa , Amiri Mehdi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
With the increasing interest in adopting additively manufactured (AM) IN718 for high-temperature applications, driven by the design and manufacturing flexibility offered by AM technologies, understanding its fatigue performance is crucial before full-scale adoption. This article reviews the recent literature on the high-temperature fatigue behavior of AM IN718. The review focuses on two primary stages of fatigue damage: fatigue crack initiation and fatigue crack growth. Notably, most existing studies have concentrated on fatigue crack initiation, and thus, this review emphasizes this aspect. In the fatigue crack initiation stage, discrepancies in low cycle fatigue (LCF) and high cycle fatigue (HCF) life performances are observed in the literature. Some studies have shown that the average room temperature fatigue life of AM IN718 is superior or comparable to that at high temperatures in the LCF regime. Conversely, in the HCF regime, high-temperature fatigue life is sometimes found to be superior to that at room temperature. However, other studies indicate no clear trend regarding the effect of temperature on the HCF life. Although various mechanisms have been proposed to either improve or degrade fatigue performance across the LCF, HCF, and very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) regimes, the underlying reasons for the distinct behaviors in these regimes remain unclear. Competing mechanisms, such as surface oxide formation and thermally driven dislocations glide, can potentially enhance or reduce fatigue life. However, the interaction and control of these mechanisms over the fatigue strength of AM IN718 are not yet fully understood. Systematic studies are required to elucidate their roles in high-temperature fatigue. Microstructural investigations have suggested that controlling the formation and precipitation of deleterious secondary phases is crucial for tailoring the high-temperature fatigue strength of AM IN718. Therefore, it is imperative to design heat treatment protocols informed by a comprehensive understanding of phase formation kinetics to improve the high-temperature fatigue performance of AM IN718 compared to their traditionally manufactured counterparts. This is particularly important for IN718 parts manufactured using directed energy deposition technology, which currently lacks standardized heat treatment procedures. The review also identifies open research areas and provides recommendations for future work to address these gaps.
Effect of Friction on Critical Cutting Depth for Ductile–Brittle Transition in Material Removal Mechanism
Authors: Airao Jay , Malekan Mohammad , Budzik Michal , Aghababaei Ramin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The material removal process takes place due to phenomena such as plastic deformation and brittle fracture. A long continuous chip is formed when the plastic deformation dominates, whereas a fracture-induced discontinuous chip is formed when the brittle fracture dominates. The means of material removal changes at a certain cutting depth for a particular material, the so-called transition depth of cut (TDoC). This article aims to predict the TDoC while including the effect of friction between the tool and workpiece. We propose a modification to a recently developed model (Aghababaei et al., 2021, “Cutting Depth Dictates the Transition From Continuous to Segmented Chip Formation,” Phy. Rev. Lett., 127(23), pp. 235502) to incorporate the effect of friction. The model predicts a transitional depth of cut as a function of tool geometry, material properties, and friction. The model is supported by performing orthogonal cutting experiments on different polymers such as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyoxymethylene (POM), and polycarbonate (PC). The model is also compared with existing models in the literature, where an improvement in the prediction of TDoC is shown. Moreover, the effect of the friction coefficient and rake angle on the TDoC is discussed. The results show that transitional cutting depth is reduced by increasing the friction coefficient. Alternatively, the TDoC reaches its maximum at an optimum rake angle, which is a function of the specific material being cut. The model aids in accurately predicting the TDoC, a crucial factor for optimizing various material removal processes.
Effect of Beta-Alanine Supplementation on Maximal Intensity Exercise in Trained Young Male Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Georgiou George D. , Antoniou Kyriaki , Antoniou Stephanie , Michelekaki Eleni Anna , Zare Reza , Ali Redha Ali , Prokopidis Konstantinos , Christodoulides Efstathios , Clifford Tom 
Published: July 2024

Beta-alanine is a nonessential amino acid that is commonly used to improve exercise performance. It could influence the buffering of hydrogen ions produced during intense exercise and delay fatigue, providing a substrate for increased synthesis of intramuscular carnosine. This systematic review evaluates the effects of beta-alanine supplementation on maximal intensity exercise in trained, young, male individuals. Six databases were searched on August 10, 2023, to identify randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trials investigating the effect of chronic beta-alanine supplementation in trained male individuals with an age range of 18–40 years. Studies evaluating exercise performance through maximal or supramaximal intensity efforts falling within the 0.5–10 min duration were included. A total of 18 individual studies were analyzed, employing 18 exercise test protocols and 15 outcome measures in 331 participants. A significant (p = .01) result was observed with an overall effect size of 0.39 (95% confidence interval [CI] [0.09, 0.69]), in favor of beta-alanine supplementation versus placebo. Results indicate significant effects at 4 weeks of supplementation, effect size 0.34 (95% CI [0.02, 0.67], p = .04); 4–10 min of maximal effort, effect size 0.55 (95% CI [0.07, 1.04], p = .03); and a high beta-alanine dosage of 5.6–6.4 g per day, effect size 0.35 (95% CI [0.09, 0.62], p = .009). The results provide insights into which exercise modality will benefit the most, and which dosage protocols and durations stand to provide the greatest ergogenic effects. This may be used to inform further research, and professional or recreational training design, and optimization of supplementation strategies.
A Change-Point Method to Detect Meaningful Change in Return-to-Sport Progression in Athletes
Authors: Yung Kate K. , Teune Ben , Ardern Clare L. , Serpiello Fabio R. , Robertson Sam 
Published: July 2024

Purpose: To explore how the change-point method can be used to analyze complex longitudinal data and detect when meaningful changes (change points) have occurred during rehabilitation. Method: This design is a prospective single-case observational study of a football player in a professional club who sustained an acute lower-limb muscle injury during high-speed running in training. The rehabilitation program was entirely completed in the football club under the supervision of the club’s medical team. Four wellness metrics and 5 running-performance metrics were collected before the injury and until the player returned to play. Results: Data were collected over 130 days. In the univariate analysis, the change points for stress, sleep, mood, and soreness were located on days 30, 47, 50, and 50, respectively. The change points for total distance, acceleration, maximum speed, deceleration, and high-speed running were located on days 32, 34, 37, 41, and 41, respectively. The multivariate analysis resulted in a single change point for the wellness metrics and running-performance metrics, on days 50 and 67, respectively. Conclusions: The univariate approach provided information regarding the sequence and time point of the change points. The multivariate approach provided a common change point for multiple metrics, information that would benefit clinicians to have a broad overview of the changes in the rehabilitation process. Clinicians may consider the change-point method to integrate and visualize data from multiple sources to evaluate athletes’ progression along the return-to-sport continuum.
Predicting Future Athletic Performance in Young Female Road Cyclists Based on Aerobic Fitness and Hematological Variables
Authors: Sitkowski Dariusz , Malczewska-Lenczowska Jadwiga , Zdanowicz Ryszard , Starczewski Michał , Pokrywka Andrzej , Żmijewski Piotr , Faiss Raphael 
Published: July 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to determine whether the initial levels of aerobic fitness and hematological variables in young female road cyclists are related to their athletic performance development during their careers. Methods: Results of graded exercise tests on a cycle ergometer and total hemoglobin mass (tHb-mass) measurements were analyzed in 34 female road cyclists (age 18.6 [1.9] y). Among them, 2 groups were distinguished based on their competitive performance (Union Cycliste Internationale world ranking) over the following 8 years. Areas under the curve in receiver-operating-characteristic curves were calculated as indicators of elite-performance prediction. Results: Initial graded exercise test variables (peak power, peak oxygen uptake, and power at 4 mmol/L blood lactate) were not significantly different in elite (n = 13) versus nonelite (n = 21) riders. In contrast, elite riders had higher tHb-mass expressed either in absolute measures (664 [75] vs 596 [59] g, P = .006) or normalized to body mass (11.2 [0.8] vs 10.3 [0.7] g/kg, P = .001) and fat-free mass (14.4 [0.9] vs 13.1 [0.9] g/kg, P < .001). Absolute and relative erythrocyte volumes were significantly higher in elite subjects (P ranged from < .001 to .006). Of all the variables analyzed, the relative tHb-mass had the highest predictive ability to reach the elite level (area under the curve ranged from .82 to .85). Conclusion: Measurement of tHb-mass can be a helpful tool in talent detection to identify young female road cyclists with the potential to reach the elite level in the future.
Athletic Performance Decline Over the Life Span: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Analyses of Elite and Masters Track-and-Field Data
Authors: Pfeifer Brandon , Nelson W. Bradley , Hyldahl Robert D. 
Published: July 2024

Purpose: Loss of muscle power has a significant impact on mobility in geriatric populations, so this study sought to determine the extent and time course of performance decline in power-centric events throughout the life span via retrospective analyses of masters and elite track-and-field data. Methods: Four track-and-field events were selected based on maximal power output: the 100-m dash, long jump, high jump, and triple jump. Elite and masters athlete data were gathered from the World Masters Outdoor Championships and the International Amateur Athletic Federation World Athletics Championships (17,945 individual results). Data were analyzed by fitting individual and group results to quadratic and linear models. Results: Average age of peak performance in all events was 27.8 (0.8) years for men and 28.3 (0.8) years for women. Athlete performance decline best matched a linear model for the 5 years following peak performance (mean R2 = .68 [.20]) and for ages 35–60, but best matched a quadratic model for ages 60–90 and 35–90 (mean R2 = .75 [.12]). The average rate of decline for the masters data ages 35–60 ranged from 0.55% per year for men’s 100-m dash to 1.04% per year for women’s long jump. A significant age × sex interaction existed between men and women, with men declining faster throughout life in all events except the 100-m dash. Conclusions: Performance decline begins in the early 30s and is linear through middle age. This pattern of decline provides a basis for further research on power-decline pathophysiology and preventive measures starting in the 30s.