bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Center-of-Mass Acceleration on the Performance of Ultramarathon Runners
Authors: Lin Shun-Ping , Sung Wen-Hsu , Kuo Fon-Chu , Kuo Terry B.J. , Chen Jin-Jong 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Ultramarathon races are rapidly gaining popularity in several countries, raising interest for the improvement of training programs. The aim of this study was to use a triaxial accelerometer to compare the three-dimensional centerof- mass accelerations of two groups of ultramarathon runners with distinct performances during different running speeds and distances. Ten runners who participated in the 12-h Taipei International Ultramarathon Race underwent laboratory treadmill testing one month later. They were divided into an elite group (EG; n = 5) and a sub-elite group (SG; n = 5). The triaxial center-of-mass acceleration recorded during a level-surface progressive intensity running protocol (3, 6, 8, 9, 10, and 12 km/h; 5 min each) was used for correlation analyses with running distance during the ultramarathon. The EG showed negative correlations between mediolateral (ML) acceleration (r = −0.83 to −0.93, p < 0.05), and between anterior-posterior (AP) acceleration and running distance (r = −0.8953 to −0.9653, p < 0.05), but not for vertical control of the center of mass. This study suggests that runners reduce stride length to minimize mediolateral sway and the effects of braking on the trunk; moreover, cadence must be increased to reduce braking effects and enhance impetus. Consequently, the competition level of ultramarathons can be elevated.
Effect of Selective Muscle Training Using Visual Emg Biofeedback on Infraspinatus and Posterior Deltoid
Authors: Lim One-bin , Kim Jeong-ah , Song Si-jeong , Cynn Heon-seock , Yi Chung-hwi 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
We investigated the effects of visual electromyography (EMG) biofeedback during side-lying shoulder external rotation exercise on the EMG amplitude for the posterior deltoid, infraspinatus, and infraspinatus/posterior deltoid EMG activity ratio. Thirty-one asymptomatic subjects were included. Subjects performed side-lying shoulder external rotation exercise with and without visual EMG biofeedback. Surface EMG was used to collect data from the posterior deltoid and infraspinatus muscles. The visual EMG biofeedback applied the pre-established threshold to prevent excessive posterior deltoid muscle contraction. A paired t-test was used to determine the significance of the measurements between without vs. with visual EMG biofeedback. Posterior deltoid activity significantly decreased while infraspinatus activity and the infraspinatus/posterior activity ratio significantly increased during side-lying shoulder external rotation exercise with visual EMG biofeedback. This suggests that using visual EMG biofeedback during shoulder external rotation exercise is a clinically effective training method for reducing posterior deltoid activity and increasing infraspinatus activity.
The Effects of Sprint Interval vs. Continuous Endurance Training on Physiological and Metabolic Adaptations in Young Healthy Adults
Authors: Nalcakan Gulbin Rudarli 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of sprint interval training (SIT) and continuous endurance training (CET) on selected anthropometric, aerobic, and anaerobic performance indices as well as the blood lipid profile, inflammatory and muscle damage markers in healthy young males. Fifteen recreationally active male volunteers (age: 21.7 ±2.2 years, body mass: 83.0 ±8.0 kg, body height: 1.82 ±0.05 m) were divided into two groups according to their initial VO2max levels. Training programs were conducted 3 times per week for 7 weeks. The SIT program consisted of 4-6 Wingate anaerobic sprints with a 4.5 min recovery, while CET consisted of 30-50 min cycling at 60% VO2max. Biochemical, anthropometric and fitness assessments were performed both pre and post-intervention. Significant improvements in VO2max, anaerobic power and capacity, and VO2 utilization during the submaximal workout and significant decreases in body fat and in waist circumference after the intervention occurred in both SIT and CET groups. Significantly greater gross efficiency was measured in the CET group. No differences in the lipid profile or serum levels of inflammatory, myocardial and skeletal muscle damage markers were observed after the training period. The study results agree with the effectiveness of a 30 s all-out training program with a reduced time commitment for anthropometric, aerobic and anaerobic adaptation and eliminate doubts about its safety as a model.
Changes in Energy Cost and Total External Work of Muscles in Elite Race Walkers Walking at Different Speeds
Authors: Chwała Wiesław , Klimek Andrzej , Mirek Wacław 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess energy cost and total external work (total energy) depending on the speed of race walking. Another objective was to determine the contribution of external work to total energy cost of walking at technical, threshold and racing speed in elite competitive race walkers.
The study involved 12 competitive race walkers aged

years with 6 to 20 years of experience, who achieved a national or international sports level. Their aerobic endurance was determined by means of a direct method involving an incremental exercise test on the treadmill.
The participants performed three tests walking each time with one of the three speeds according to the same protocol: an 8-minute walk with at steady speed was followed by a recovery phase until the oxygen debt was repaid. To measure exercise energy cost, an indirect method based on the volume of oxygen uptake was employed. The gait of the participants was recorded using the 3D Vicon opto-electronic motion capture system.
Values of changes in potential energy and total kinetic energy in a gate cycle were determined based on vertical displacements of the centre of mass. Changes in mechanical energy amounted to the value of total external work of muscles needed to accelerate and lift the centre of mass during a normalised gait cycle.
The values of average energy cost and of total external work standardised to body mass and distance covered calculated for technical speed, threshold and racing speeds turned out to be statistically significant

.
The total energy cost ranged from 51.2 kJ.m-1 during walking at technical speed to 78.3 kJ.m-1 during walking at a racing speed. Regardless of the type of speed, the total external work of muscles accounted for around 25% of total energy cost in race walking. Total external work mainly increased because of changes in the resultant kinetic energy of the centre of mass movement.
Comparison of Achilles Tendon Loading Between Male and Female Recreational Runners
Authors: Andrew Greenhalgh , Jonathan Sinclair 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Recreational running is an activity with multiple reported health benefits for both sexes, however, chronic injuries caused by excessive and/or repetitive loading of the Achilles tendon are common. Males have been identified as being at an increased risk of suffering an injury to the Achilles tendon and as such, knowledge of differences in loading between the sexes may provide further information to better understand why this is the case. The aim of the current investigation was to determine whether gender differences in the Achilles tendon load exist in recreational runners. Fifteen male (age 26.74 ± 5.52 years, body height 1.80 ± 0.11 m and body mass 74.22 ± 7.27 kg) and fifteen female (age 25.13 ± 6.39 years, body height 1.68 ± 0.12 m and body mass 67.12 ± 9.11 kg) recreational runners volunteered to take part in the current investigation. Participants completed 10 trials running at 4.0 m·s-1 ±5% striking a force platform (1000 Hz) with their right foot. Ankle joint kinematics were synchronously recorded (250 Hz) using an optoelectric motion capture system. Ankle joint kinetics were computed using Newton-Euler inverse-dynamics. Net external ankle joint moments were then calculated. To estimate Achilles tendon kinetics the plantarflexion moment calculated was divided by an estimated Achilles tendon moment arm of 0.05 m. Differences in Achilles tendon kinetics were examined using independent sample t-tests (p<0.05). The results indicate that males were associated with significantly (p<0.05) greater Achilles tendon loads than females. The findings from this study support the notion that male recreational runners may be at greater risk of Achilles tendon pathology.
Predicting Power Output of Upper Body using the OMNI-RES Scale
Authors: Bautista Iker J. , Chirosa Ignacio J. , Tamayo Ignacio Martín , González Andrés , Robinson Joseph E. , Chirosa Luis J. , Robertson Robert J. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The main aim of this study was to determine the optimal training zone for maximum power output. This was to be achieved through estimating mean bar velocity of the concentric phase of a bench press using a prediction equation. The values for the prediction equation would be obtained using OMNI-RES scale values of different loads of the bench press exercise. Sixty males (

voluntarily participated in the study and were tested using an incremental protocol on a Smith machine to determine one repetition maximum (1RM) in the bench press exercise. A linear regression analysis produced a strong correlation (r = -0.94) between rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and mean bar velocity (Velmean). The Pearson correlation analysis between real power output (PotReal) and estimated power (PotEst) showed a strong correlation coefficient of r = 0.77, significant at a level of p = 0.01. Therefore, the OMNI-RES scale can be used to predict Velmean in the bench press exercise to control the intensity of the exercise. The positive relationship between PotReal and PotEst allowed for the identification of a maximum power-training zone.
Quantification and Analysis of Offensive Situations in Different Formats of Sided Games In Soccer
Authors: Garcia Jorge Diaz-Cidoncha , Refoyo Román Ignacio , Calleja-González Julio , Dellal Alexandre 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
There has been a lot of research that enabled soccer to improve: its technique, tactics and strategy through analysis and training. Nevertheless, players’ need to interact with each other turns any defending or attacking situation into complex solutions with a wide range of variables to be considered, in which the player is never isolated and must make the move that has the most positive impact on play. Fifty-four sided games played in three different formats (5v5, 7v7 and 9v9) and with two age groups (U9 and U14) were filmed at three soccer clubs in Spain in order to identify the most relevant attacking moves, from a technical and tactical perspective. This study used the observational method; it is descriptive and is applied through well-prepared systematic quantitative observation in a natural environment. A key part of the method involved viewing the match recordings and logging moves that had been categorised beforehand. Cohen’s Kappa analysis showed that the results for the most representative variables presented a substantial degree of concordance (0.61-0.80). The results show that there were significant variations depending on the game format, and the following study will present a description and analysis of the aspects that had considerable influence on attacking moves in different formats of sided games (5v5, 7v7 and 9v9). The study also presents various practical applications for the area of training and analysing both youth and professional soccer.
Models of Objects of Control in SCADA System for Monitoring and Operational Dispatching in Sofia Metropolitan
Authors: Dimitrova Emiliya 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition systems (SCADA) are often used in some important industry sectors, such as production and distribution of electricity, transport management, etc. The purpose of this paper is to establish models of SCADA system, DISIM that is incorporated into the Central Dispatching Station of Sofia Metropolitan. Its functions are related to remote visualization and management of the structures and devices in both directions - Trains operation (DISIM-V) and Power transmission system (DISIM-Å). The suggested structural models and mathematical description are used as a basis for realization of a simulator of both SCADA systems
Pulse Shape Discrimination of Neutrons and Gamma Rays Using Kohonen Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Tambouratzis Tatiana , Chernikova Dina , Pzsit Imre 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The potential of two Kohonen artificial neural networks I ANNs) - linear vector quantisa - tion (LVQ) and the self organising map (SOM) - is explored for pulse shape discrimination (PSD), i.e. for distinguishing between neutrons (n's) and gamma rays (γ’s). The effect that la) the energy level, and lb) the relative- of the training and lest sets, have on iden- tification accuracy is also evaluated on the given PSD datasel The two Kohonen ANNs demonstrate compfcmentary discrimination ability on the training and test sets: while the LVQ is consistently mote accurate on classifying the training set. the SOM exhibits higher n/γ identification rales when classifying new paltms regardless of the proportion of training and test set patterns at the different energy levels: the average tint: for decision making equals ∼100 /e in the cax of the LVQ and ∼450 μs in the case of the SOM.
Integrated Statistical and Rule-Mining Techniques for Dna Methylation and Gene Expression Data Analysis
Authors: Mallik Saurav , Mukhopadhyay Anirban , Maulik Ujjwal 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
For determination of the relationships among significant gene markers, statistical analysis and association rule mining are considered as very useful protocols. The first protocol identifies the significant differentially expressed/methylated gene markers, whereas the second one produces the interesting relationships among them across different types of samples or conditions. In this article, statistical tests and association rule mining based approaches have been used on gene expression and DNA methylation datasets for the prediction of different classes of samples (viz., Uterine Leiomyoma/class-formersmoker and uterine myometrium/class-neversmoker). A novel rule-based classifier is proposed for this purpose. Depending on sixteen different rule-interestingness measures, we have utilized a Genetic Algorithm based rank aggregation technique on the association rules which are generated from the training set of data by Apriori association rule mining algorithm. After determining the ranks of the rules, we have conducted a majority voting technique on each test point to estimate its class-label through weighted-sum method. We have run this classifier on the combined dataset using 4-fold cross-validations, and thereafter a comparative performance analysis has been made with other popular rulebased classifiers. Finally, the status of some important gene markers has been identified through the frequency analysis in the evolved rules for the two class-labels individually to formulate the interesting associations among them.
Maximising Accuracy and Efficiency of Traffic Accident Prediction Combining Information Mining with Computational Intelligence Approaches and Decision Trees
Authors: Tambouratzis Tatiana , Souliou Dora , Chalikias Miltiadis , Gregoriades Andreas 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The development of universal methodologies for the accurate, efficient, and timely prediction of traffic accident location and severity constitutes a crucial endeavour. In this piece of research, the best combinations of salient accident-related parameters and accurate accident severity prediction models are determined for the 2005 accident dataset brought together by the Republic of Cyprus Police. The optimal methodology involves: (a) information mining in the form of feature selection of the accident parameters that maximise prediction accuracy (implemented via scatter search), followed by feature extraction (implemented via principal component analysis) and selection of the minimal number of components that contain the salient information of the original parameters, which combined bring about an overall 74.42% reduction in the dataset dimensionality; (b) accident severity prediction via probabilistic neural networks and random forests, both of which independently accomplish over 96% correct prediction and a balanced proportion of under- and over-estimations of accident severity. An explanation of the superiority of the optimal combinations of parameters and models is given, as is a comparison with existing accident classification/prediction approaches
Aircraft Engine Crankshaft Optimisation
Authors: Vopařil Jan , Drápal Lubomír , Novotný Pavel 
Published: January 2015

Shrnutí
Tento článek popisuje část návrhového procesu klikové hřídele vznětového dvoudobého motoru s protiběžnými písty, při níž je pro zadané průměry a délky čepů hledán optimální tvar ramen hřídele. Je zde popsán postup vzniku několika variant, které jsou následně podrobeny kritickému zhodnocení, a dále mechanismus výběru výsledného nejlepšího možného návrhu.
Výsledný tvar klikové hřídele je v poslední fázi podroben výpočtu únavové životnosti, jakožto finálního kroku návrhového procesu.
Mathematical Model of the Emissions of a selected vehicle
Authors: Matušů Radim , Mík Josef , Kotek Martin 
Published: January 2015

SHRNUTÍ
Článek se zabývá kvantifikací emisí z benzínových motorů během dynamických režimů. Hlavními sledovanými emisemi jsou oxid uhelnatý a oxid uhličitý. Výsledkem je matematický model popisující produkci jednotlivých složek emisí ve všech režimech (statických i dynamických). Článek popisuje také postup pro stanovení emisí z provozních parametrů motoru. Výsledky jsou porovnání s jinými možnými způsoby zjištění produkce emisí.
Update of the P100-1 Concrete Provisions
Authors: Popa Viorel 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
In an effort to improve the harmonization of the Romanian design codes with the Eurocodes, the revision of the Seismic Design Code, P100-1, started in April 2010 and ended in September 2013. The main issues addressed during the revision process are presented in this paper. They include re-outlining the fundamental requirements for seismic design, revision of the seismic action, improvement of the specific provisions for the design of reinforced concrete, steel, composite, wood and masonry structures and non-structural components. This paper focuses on the specific provisions for reinforced concrete structures but general information about the fundamental requirements and the seismic action are presented as well.
Thermal Comfort Analyses in Naturally Ventilated Buildings
Authors: Udrea Ioana , Croitoru Cristiana , Nastase Ilinca , Dogeanu Angel , Badescu Viorel 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Global current requirement is to increase thermal comfort in residential and non residential buildings. A field survey was accomplished in a naturally ventilated university classroom in Bucharest, Romania, in winter and spring. Comfort parameters were measured and comfort questionnaires were distributed to the students. Questions were related to thermal sensation of the occupants. This paper compares the experimental results with the occupant’s response. It analyzes the variation of Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) and Predicted Percent of Dissatisfied (PPD) with temperature. It is made a comparison between PMV and thermal sensation vote. The results show PMV values different from Thermal Sensation Vote (TSV) values which means there is a poor approximation of indoor comfort. In conclusion the comfort parameters should be reviewed and should be proposed other evaluation methods. Possible explanations are discussed in relation with thermal regime of the buildings.
Identification characters of nymphal instars and adult female of Kermes quercus (LINNAEUS, 1758) (Hemiptera: Kermesidae)
Authors: Podsiadło Elżbieta 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT
The 3rd-instar female and adult female of Kermes quercus (LINNAEUS) are redescribed and illustrated. Identification characters of the 1st-instar, 2nd-instar male, 2nd-instar female, 3rd-instar female and adult female of K. quercus are discussed. A key to the identification of instars is included.
Biochemical characterisation of α-glucosidase and β-glucosidase in the alimentary canal of larval Leptinotarsa decemlineata SAY, 1824 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Authors: Kazzazi Majid , Dehghanikhah Fahimeh , Madadi Hossein , Hossseininaveh Vahid 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT
Host plant resistance is an environmentally safe method used for reducing a pest population. Basically, when developing resistant cultivars one needs to study the biochemical characteristics of the digestive enzymes in the insect’s midgut. In this study, the activities of α- and β-glucosidase were determined from Leptinotarsa decemlineata midgut using p-nitrophenyl-α-Dglucopyranoside and p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside as substrates respectively. The results showed that the specific activity of α- and β-glucosidase from 4th instar larvae midguts of L. decemlineata were 5.14 and 5.48 Umg-1 protein respectively. The activity of α-glucosidase was optimal at pH 4, whereas the maximum activity of β-glucosidase in the midgut of L. decemlineata occurred at pH 4-5.5. Both enzymes were stable at pH 3-8 over an incubation time of 8 hours. The respective activities of α- and β-glucosidase were at their highest at 45 °C and 50 °C, but they were not stable at 50 °C during an incubation time of 8 days. Furthermore, our data showed that MgCl2, Tris and urea have a moderate but SDS a severe inhibitory effect on enzyme activity. Biochemical characterisation revealed one and three bands of α- and β-glucosidase activities in the midgut of L. decemlineata respectively.
Participation of some protein fractions in interactions between Acrobasis advenella (ZINCKEN, 1818) (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) and its host plants
Authors: Górska-Drabik Edyta 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT
The present study determined the impact of Acrobasis advenella caterpillars feeding on the content of total proteins, specific proteins and soluble proteins in the inflorescences of three host plant species: Aronia melanocarpa, Sorbus aucuparia and Crataegus monogyna. The study demonstrated that the feeding of A. advenella caterpillars increases the total, specific and soluble protein contents in the inflorescences of these three plants. Significant increases in the content of these compounds were observed in the infested inflorescences of black chokeberry.
The Making of the Gdańsk Metropolitan Region. Local Discourses of Identities, Powers, and Hopes
Authors: Czepczyński Mariusz 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The process of metropolitanisation of the Gdańsk area is facilitated by public discourse involving local and regional politicians, media, and inhabitants. The discussion is based upon historical narrations, but also local ambitions, hopes and emotions, as well as infrastructural projects and investment attractiveness. Foucault suggests that modern power is a dispersed set of micro-practices, many of which operate through the normalising gaze of surveillance regimes. Gdańsk metropolitan cooperation, competition and encounters make the core of the paper; local and regional unifying initiatives and processes are accompanied by examples of separatism, identity conflicts, and political disagreements