bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Plasma Human Atrial Natriuretic Peptide and Reduced Transthoracic Left Atrial Appendage Wall‐Motion Velocity Are Noninvasive Surrogate Markers for Assessing Thrombogenesis in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Yoshida Naoyasu , Okamoto Mitsunori , Hirao Hidekazu , Suenari Kazuyoshi , Nanba Kiyomi , Uchida Mio , Yamazato Ryo , Watari Yuichiro , Fukuda Yukihiro , Ueda Hironori 
Published: December 2013

BackgroundThe clinical relevance of examining human atrial natriuretic peptide (HANP) or left atrial appendage (LAA) wall‐motion velocity during sinus rhythm in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) patients has not been clearly elucidated.MethodsThe subjects were 38 patients with paroxysmal AF who underwent transesophageal and transthoracic echocardiography during sinus rhythm. The presence of spontaneous echocontrast (SEC) was examined with transesophageal echocardiography and LAA wall‐motion velocity (LAAWV) was measured with transthoracic tissue Doppler echocardiography. Plasma HANP was measured within 3 hours after echocardiography.ResultsHuman atrial natriuretic peptide ranged from 12 to 106 pg/mL with an average of 43 ± 24 pg/mL and had a significant correlation with LAAWV (r = −0.57) or LAA flow velocity (r = −0.41). HANP was significantly higher in patients with SEC than in patients without SEC (64 ± 29 vs. 34 ± 15 pg/mL, P = 0.008) and LAAWV was significantly lower in patients with SEC than in patients without SEC (13 ± 5 vs. 20 ± 5 cm/sec, P = 0.002). HANP >44 pg/mL had a sensitivity of 73% and specificity of 89% for diagnosing SEC. SEC was more frequently observed (73%) in patients with HANP >44 pg/mL and/or LAAWV <10 cm/sec as compared with patients (11%) with normal HANP and LAA wall‐motion velocity (P < 0.0001).ConclusionHigher plasma HANP and lower LAA wall‐motion velocity may be noninvasive surrogate markers for assessing left atrial thrombogenesis during sinus rhythm in paroxysmal AF patients.
Time course of dopamine neuron loss and glial response in the 6‐OHDA striatal mouse model of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Stott Simon R.W. , Barker Roger A. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA) neurotoxic lesion of the midbrain dopamine (DA) system is one of the most widely used techniques for modelling Parkinson's disease in rodents. The majority of studies using this approach, however, largely limit their analysis to lesioning acutely, and looking at behavioural deficits and the number of surviving tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)‐stained cells in the midbrain. Here we have analysed additional characteristics that occur following intrastriatal delivery of 6‐OHDA, providing better understanding of the neurodegenerative process. Female C57/Black mice were given lesions at 10 weeks old, and killed at several different time points postoperatively (3 and 6 h, 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 days). While the detrimental effect of the toxin on the TH+ fibres in the striatum was immediate, we found that the loss of TH+ dendritic fibres, reduction in cell size and intensity of TH expression, and eventual reduction in the number of TH+ neurons in the substantia nigra was delayed for several days post‐surgery. We also investigated the expression of various transcription factors and proteins expressed by midbrain DA neurons following lesioning, and observed changes in the expression of Aldh1a1 (aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1) as the neurodegenerative process evolved. Extracellularly, we looked at microglia and astrocytes in reaction to the 6‐OHDA striatal lesion, and found a delay in their response and proliferation in the substantia nigra. In summary, this work highlights aspects of the neurodegenerative process in the 6‐OHDA mouse model that can be applied to future studies looking at therapeutic interventions.
Inhibition of enamel demineralization by buffering effect of S‐PRG filler‐containing dental sealant
Authors: Kaga Masayuki , Kakuda Shinichi , Ida Yusuke , Toshima Hirokazu , Hashimoto Masanori , Endo Kazuhiko , Sano Hidehiko 
Published: December 2013

The buffering capacity and inhibitory effects on enamel demineralization of two commercially available dental sealants were evaluated in this study. The effects of filler particles were also examined. Disks of enamel and cured sealant materials of BeautiSealant (silica or S‐PRG filler) or Teethmate F‐1 were incubated in lactic acid solutions (pH 4.0) for 1–6 d. The pH changes and amounts of ions released in the solutions were assessed, and enamel surfaces were observed using a scanning electron microscope. The pH of the solution with BeautiSealant (S‐PRG filler) was neutralized from pH 4.0 to pH 6.1 (after incubation for 1 d) and from pH 4.0 to pH 6.7 (after incubation for 6 d). In addition, no release of calcium ions was detected and the enamel surface was morphologically intact in scanning electron microscopy images. However, the pH of the solution with Teethmate F‐1 remained below pH 4.0 during incubation from days 1 to 6. Calcium release was increased in solutions up to and after 6 d of incubation. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that the structures of hydroxyapatite rods were exposed at the specimen surfaces as a result of demineralization. Ions released from S‐PRG filler‐containing dental sealant rapidly buffered the lactic acid solution and inhibited enamel demineralization.
Novel in‐situ longitudinal model for the study of dentifrices on dental erosion–abrasion
Authors: Hara Anderson T. , Barlow Ashley P. , Eckert George J. , Zero Domenick T. 
Published: December 2013

A novel longitudinal erosion–abrasion in‐situ model was proposed. In an exploratory test (phase 1) toothbrushing effect was investigated using a parallel design, whereas in the main study (phases 1 + 2), a crossover design tested the effect of fluoride dentifrice. In phase 1, 16 subjects (n = 5–6 subjects per group) wore partial dentures with enamel specimens for 28 d and adhered to one of the following treatment regimens: regimen A, erosion only; regimen B, erosion + toothbrushing with fluoride‐containing dentifrice [1,100 ppm of fluoride as sodium fluoride (NaF)]; and regimen C, erosion + toothbrushing with placebo dentifrice (0 ppm fluoride). Erosion consisted of the exposure of specimens to grapefruit juice. In regimens B and C, toothbrushing was performed with the test dentifrices 5 min after erosion. For the main study a second phase was carried out in which subjects initially treated with regimen B were treated with regimen C, and vice versa (crossover, n = 11), repeating the same experimental protocol. Enamel wear was measured by optical profilometry at baseline and every 7 d thereafter. In the exploratory test (phase 1), no significant differences were observed among regimens at any of the study time‐points. In the main study (phases 1 + 2), higher enamel wear was observed for regimen C than for regimen B. A significant trend was observed for the increase of enamel wear over time. Fluoridated dentifrice reduced the development of erosive–abrasive lesions. The proposed longitudinal model provided adequate responses for erosion–abrasion frequency and fluoride effects.
Surface modification with alumina blasting and H2SO4–HCl etching for bonding two resin‐composite veneers to titanium
Authors: Taira Yohsuke , Egoshi Takafumi , Kamada Kohji , Sawase Takashi 
Published: December 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of an experimental surface treatment with alumina blasting and acid etching on the bond strengths between each of two resin composites and commercially pure titanium. The titanium surface was blasted with alumina and then etched with 45wt% H2SO4 and 15wt% HCl (H2SO4–HCl). A light‐ and heat‐curing resin composite (Estenia) and a light‐curing resin composite (Ceramage) were used with adjunctive metal primers. Veneered specimens were subjected to thermal cycling between 4 and 60°C for 50,000 cycles, and the shear bond strengths were determined. The highest bond strengths were obtained for Blasting/H2SO4‐HCl/Estenia (30.2 ± 4.5 MPa) and Blasting/Etching/Ceramage (26.0 ± 4.5 MPa), the values of which were not statistically different, followed by Blasting/No etching/Estenia (20.4 ± 2.4 MPa) and Blasting/No etching/Ceramage (0.8 ± 0.3 MPa). Scanning electron microscopy observations revealed that alumina blasting and H2SO4–HCl etching creates a number of micro‐ and nanoscale cavities on the titanium surface, which contribute to adhesive bonding.
Crystal structure and immunological properties of the first annexin from Schistosoma mansoni: insights into the structural integrity of the schistosomal tegument
Authors: Leow Chiuan Yee , Willis Charlene , Osman Asiah , Mason Lyndel , Simon Anne , Smith Brian J. , Gasser Robin B. , Jones Malcolm K. , Hofmann Andreas 
Published: December 2013

Schistosomiasis is a major parasitic disease of humans, second only to malaria in its global impact. The disease is caused by digenean trematodes that infest the vasculature of their human hosts. These flukes are limited externally by a body wall composed of a syncytial epithelium, the apical surface membrane of which is a parasitism‐adapted dual membrane complex. Annexins are thought to be of integral importance for the stability of this apical membrane system. Here, we present the first structural and immunobiochemical characterization of an annexin from Schistosoma mansoni. The crystal structure of annexin B22 confirms the presence of the previously predicted α‐helical segment in the II/III linker and reveals a covalently linked head‐to‐head dimer. From the calcium‐bound crystal structure of this protein, canonical type II, type III and B site positions are occupied, and a novel binding site has been identified. The dimer arrangement observed in the crystal structure suggests the presence of two prominent features, a potential non‐canonical membrane binding site and a potential binding groove opposite to the former. Results from transcriptional profiling during development show that annexin B22 expression is correlated with life stages of the parasite that possess the syncytial tegument layer, and ultrastructural localization by immuno‐electron microscopy confirms the occurrence of annexins in the tegument of S. mansoni. Data from membrane binding and aggregation assays indicate the presence of differential molecular mechanisms and support the hypothesis of annexin B22 providing structural integrity in the tegument.DatabaseCoordinates and structure factors have been deposited with the PDB, accession numbers 4mdu, 4mdvStructured digital abstract

annexin B22 and annexin B22 bind by molecular sieving (View interaction)

annexin B22 and annexin B22 bind by x-ray crystallography (View interaction)
Neonatal brainstem dysfunction after preterm birth predicts behavioral inhibition
Authors: Geva Ronny , Schreiber Jessica , Segal‐Caspi Lihi , Markus‐Shiffman Michal 
Published: December 2013

BackgroundBehavioral inhibition (BI), the tendency to withdraw or exhibit negative affect when experiencing stressful situations, is a major risk factor for the development of social anxiety. However, neonatal biologic origins of this progression are still unknown. Click here to enter text.This study aimed to extend frameworks of behavioral inhibition by exploring empirically the central role of neonatal brainstem electrophysiologic functions in the development of social disengagement and BI.MethodsSixty‐six preterm neonates (means ±SD: gestation age = 33.1 ± 1.22 weeks, birth weight = 1775 + 346.7 g; 51% female) participated in a prospective longitudinal study. The infants were tested within the first 2 weeks of postnatal life using an auditory brainstem‐evoked response test. Based on the typicality of the major ABR wave latencies, waves I, III and V, neonates were divided into two groups (compromised, CBSF‐ with at least one component ≥1.5 SDs from the mean for the respective gestation age; normal, NBSF, with all components within 1.5 SD around the mean), and were enrolled in a prospective longitudinal follow‐up study. This report extends previous work from 4 m by testing responses to socioemotional challenges during the Separation–Reunion paradigm at 12 m.ResultsResults show that infants with neonatal CBSF were more susceptible to be classified as BI at 12 m (age corrected for prematurity) than infants with NBSF (66% vs. 40%, respectively). The most striking symptom in the CBSF group was a disability to initiate self‐regulatory activities in response to a socioemotional challenge, resulting in frequent passivity/dependency (p < .001). Statistical regression analysis revealed that face‐to‐face gaze engagement at 4 m moderates the risk related to neonatal CBSF for the emergence of BI at 12 m, but did not overturn the emergence of BI.ConclusionResults support the hypothesis that neonatal brainstem dysfunction canalizes behavioral inhibition. These findings highlight, for the first time, the role of the early developing brainstem in later development of BI and in abilities to initiate self‐regulatory behavior.
Mothers' early depressive symptoms and children's first‐grade adjustment: a transactional analysis of child withdrawal as a mediator
Authors: Yan Ni , Dix Theodore 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe depression‐inhibition hypothesis suggests that mothers' depressive symptoms undermine development because they lead children to withdraw from social contact. To test this, this study examined whether poor first‐grade adjustment among children of mothers with depressive symptoms is mediated by the emergence of child withdrawal in early development.MethodBased on 1,364 dyads, four waves of data spanning from 24 months to first grade (7 years) were used to examine paths by which children's withdrawal mediates relations between mothers' early depressive symptoms and three first‐grade outcomes: social competence, academic performance, and externalizing behavior problems.ResultsStructural equation modeling revealed three principal paths. First, direct relations were observed: Mothers' depressive symptoms predicted early child withdrawal and increases in child withdrawal over time, which predicted poor first‐grade adjustment. Second, reciprocal relations were observed: Mothers' depressive symptoms predicted child withdrawal, which predicted increases in depressive symptoms. Third, relations via mother–child mutual responsiveness were observed: Depression‐related increases in child withdrawal predicted declines in mutual responsiveness, which predicted poor first‐grade adjustment.ConclusionThe findings suggest that, due to its interdependence with maternal depression and low mother–child mutual responsiveness over time, child withdrawal may play an important role in the poor first‐grade adjustment of children whose mothers are high in depressive symptoms.
Association of polymorphisms in virulence factor of Helicobacter pylori and gastroduodenal diseases in South Korea
Authors: Kim Ji Yeon , Kim Nayoung , Nam Ryoung Hee , Suh Ji Hyung , Chang Hyun , Lee Jung Won , Kim Young Sun , Kim Jung Mogg , Choi Jae Won , Park Jung Geun , Lee Yeon Suk , Lee Dong Ho , Jung Hyun Chae 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackground and AimClinical outcomes of Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection have been shown to be dependent on the variability of virulence factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of each virulence factor and the association between polymorphisms of the virulence factors of HP, and the clinical outcome of gastroduodenal diseases in South Korea.MethodsFour hundred one HP colonies were analyzed (75 colonies from 45 controls; 71 colonies from 39 benign gastric ulcer [BGU] patients; 102 colonies from 54 duodenal ulcer [DU] patients; 121 colonies from 77 stomach cancer patients; and 32 colonies from 25 dysplasia patients). Polymerase chain reaction amplifications for vacA, cagA, iceA, oipA, and dupA were performed using DNA extract from HP isolates cultured from mucosal biopsy specimens. dupA was regarded as positive when all of jph0718, jph0719, and dupA were positive.ResultsMost colonies were composed of vacA s1 (100.0%), i1 (100.0%) and m1 (92.9%), cagA‐positive (87.2%), iceA1 (95.8%), oipA‐positive (91.2%), and dupA‐negative (52.0%) genotypes. dupA was more frequently expressed in BGU (81.3%), DU (74.7%), and dysplasia (41.7%) than control (16.7%) (P < 0.001). Infection by dupA‐positive HP showed an increased risk of BGU (odds ratio 33.06, 95% confidence interval 11.91–91.79) and DU (odds ratio 15.60, 95% confidence interval 6.49–37.49).ConclusionHP infection in South Koreans appears to be closely related to highly virulent strains (vacA s1/i1/m1, cagA(+), iceA1(+), and oipA(+)), except dupA. dupA has an intimate association with the development of peptic ulcer diseases.
Do we need both cognitive and behavioural components in interventions for depressed mood in people with mild intellectual disability?
Authors: McGillivray J. A. , Kershaw M. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundA growing literature suggests that people with mild intellectual disability (ID) who have depressed mood may benefit from cognitive–behavioural interventions. There has been some speculation regarding the relative merit of the components of this approach. The aim of this study was to compare (i) cognitive strategies; (ii) behavioural strategies; and (iii) combined cognitive–behavioural (CB) strategies on depressed mood among a sample of 70 individuals with mild ID.MethodsStaff from three participating agencies received training in how to screen individuals with mild ID for depressive symptoms and risk factors for depression. Depressive symptoms and negative automatic thoughts were assessed prior to and at the conclusion of the intervention, and at 6‐month follow‐up. The interventions were run in groups by the same therapist.ResultsA post‐intervention reduction in depression scores was evident in participants of all three interventions, with no significant difference between groups. A significant reduction in negative automatic thoughts post‐intervention was evident in the CB combination group and was maintained at follow‐up. Examination of clinical effectiveness suggests some advantage of the CB combination in terms of improvement and highlights the possible short term impact of behavioural strategies in comparison with the longer‐term potential of cognitive strategies.ConclusionsThe findings support the use of group cognitive–behavioural interventions for addressing symptoms of depression among people with ID. Further research is necessary to determine the effectiveness of components.
On parameterizing thermodynamic descriptions of minerals for petrological calculations
Authors: Powell R. , White R.W. , Green E.C.R. , Holland T.J.B. , Diener J.F.A. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractA new regularization approach, termed micro‐ϕ, is outlined for parameterizing activity–composition (a–x) relations and other aspects of the thermodynamic descriptions of minerals for petrological calculations. In the context of the symmetric formalism, a formulation of a–x relations that is easily generalizable to multi‐component minerals, parameterization with micro‐ϕ extends from where there are good data available to constrain, for example, interaction energies, to where there are little or no data. This involves decomposing the interaction energies, which are macroscopic between end‐members, into their microscopic components involving interactions between elements on sites. Micro‐ϕ involves heuristics to simplify and approximate these microscopic interaction energies prior to their reassembly as macroscopic interaction energies. Micro‐ϕ also allows parameterization of Fe2+–Mg order–disorder between the sites of minerals. Application of micro‐ϕ is illustrated by making a thermodynamic description of chlorite in FeO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–H2O–O, FMASHO. Micro‐ϕ has been developed for use with the significant upgrade of the Holland & Powell internally consistent thermodynamic data set which required the re‐evaluation of a–x relations of several common rock‐forming minerals.
New mineral activity–composition relations for thermodynamic calculations in metapelitic systems
Authors: White R. W. , Powell R. , Holland T. J. B. , Johnson T. E. , Green E. C. R. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractNew activity–composition (a–x) relations for minerals commonly occurring in metapelites are presented for use with the internally consistent thermodynamic dataset of Holland & Powell (, Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 29, 333–383). The a–x relations include a broader consideration of Fe2O3 in minerals, changes to the formalism of several phases and order–disorder in all ferromagnesian minerals where Fe–Mg mixing occurs on multiple sites. The a–x relations for chlorite, biotite, garnet, chloritoid, staurolite, cordierite, orthopyroxene, muscovite, paragonite and margarite have been substantially reparameterized using the approach outlined in the companion paper in this issue. For the first time, the entire set of a–x relations for the common ferromagnesian minerals in metapelitic rocks is parameterized simultaneously, with attention paid to ensuring that they can be used together to calculate phase diagrams of geologically appropriate topology. The a–x relations developed are for use in the Na2O–CaO–K2O–FeO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–H2O–TiO2–O2 (NCKFMASHTO) system for both subsolidus and suprasolidus conditions. Petrogenetic grids in KFMASH and KFMASHTO are similar in topology to those produced with earlier end‐member datasets and a–x relations, but with some notable differences. In particular, in subsolidus equilibria, the FeO/(FeO + MgO) of garnet is now greater than in coexisting staurolite, bringing a number of key staurolite‐bearing equilibria into better agreement with inferences from field and petrographic observations. Furthermore, the addition of Fe3+ and Ti to a number of silicate phases allows more plausible equilibria to be calculated in relevant systems. Pseudosections calculated with the new a–x relations are also topologically similar to equivalent diagrams using earlier a–x relations, although with many low variance fields shifting in P–T space to somewhat lower pressure conditions.