bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Portable system for monitoring of regional cerebral oxygen saturation during prehospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a pilot study
Authors: Tajima Goro , Shiozaki Tadahiko , Izumino Hiroo , Yamano Shuhei , Hirao Tomohito , Inokuma Takamitsu , Yamashita Kazunori , Nagatani Atsuko , Onishi Mitsuo , Hirose Tomoya , Shimazu Takeshi , Hamasaki Toshimitsu , Tasaki Osamu 
Published: October 2014

AimWe aimed to create a system for monitoring of regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) in patients with prehospital cardiopulmonary arrest and clarify the changes in rSO2 during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.MethodsWe measured rSO2 in cardiopulmonary arrest patients who were transferred by the emergency response vehicle of Nagasaki University Hospital. We developed a portable rSO2 monitor (HAND ai TOS), which is small enough to carry during prehospital treatment. The sensor is attached to the forehead of the patient and monitors rSO2 continuously during treatment and transfer.ResultsNo difficulties were experienced in monitoring rSO2 during patient treatment and transfer. Median time (interquartile range) from the emergency medical service call to emergency response vehicle arrival was 15.0 min (11.0–19.5 min). Median rSO2 on emergency response vehicle arrival at the scene was 46.3% (44.0–48.2%) (n = 9; median age, 74.0 years; four men, five women). Median rSO2 showed significant increase within 5 min after return of spontaneous circulation (n = 6, 46.6% versus 58.7%, P < 0.05). There was no significant increase in rSO2 during prehospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation until return of spontaneous circulation was established.ConclusionsWe developed an rSO2 monitoring system for use during prehospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The monitoring system showed a significant increase in rSO2 after return of spontaneous circulation, whereas there was no significant increase in rSO2 during cardiopulmonary resuscitation after intubation but before return of spontaneous circulation.
Construction of lysozyme exfoliated rectorite‐based electrospun nanofibrous membranes for bacterial inhibition
Authors: Zhan Yingfei , Zeng Wen , Jiang Guoxia , Wang Qun , Shi Xiaowen , Zhou Zhehao , Deng Hongbing , Du Yumin 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTLysozyme (LY) exfoliated rectorite (REC) based electrospun nanofibrous membranes with enhanced bacterial inhibition ability and thermostability were fabricated via electrospinning. All the obtained membranes exhibited better fiber shape and three‐dimensional structure, which could be observed by scanning electron microscopy. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum denoted the existence of LY and REC in the composite membranes. Besides, the FTIR results suggested that there were interactions between REC and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/LY chains. Small angle X‐ray diffraction indicated that REC was exfoliated by PVA and LY chains. In addition, the exfoliation of REC was directly confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. According to Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller surface area test results, PVA/LY/REC membranes had higher surface area than that of PVA/LY membranes. The performance tests showed that both the thermal stability and antibacterial activity of the composite membranes were enhanced after adding REC. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41496.
Fabrication and characterization of nano‐SiC/ thermoplastic polyurethane hybrid heating membranes based on fine silver filaments
Authors: Hao Liu , Xin Wang , Jin Li , Weimin Kang , Bowen Cheng , Lei Hao , Yan Xu 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTA novel method for fabricating flexible and waterproof heating membranes was presented in this study, nano‐SiC/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) hybrid membranes has been successfully prepared by pouring modified nano‐SiC/TPU solution into a mold with 0.05 mm silver filaments. Nano‐SiC particles were modified using silane coupling agent, subsequently, were dispersed evenly in the solvent, average diameter of nano‐SiC particles could reach 180.4 nm. Fourier Transform Infrared spectra showed organo‐functional groups were grafted on surface of nano‐SiC by covalent bond. TPU membrane with 10 wt % nano‐SiC had the highest decomposition temperature, and maximum stress. Thermal conductivity and the surface equilibrium temperature under the same loaded voltage of membranes ascended with increasing of nano‐SiC content. Flexible, waterproof nano‐SiC/TPU heating membranes have wide application prospect in active warming garments and other fields required flexible heating elements. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41498.
Polymer‐ and Silica‐Supported Iron BPMEN‐Inspired Catalysts for CH Bond Functionalization Reactions
Authors: Feng Yan , Moschetta Eric G. , Jones Christopher W. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractDirect catalytic CH bond functionalization is a key challenge in synthetic chemistry, with many popular CH activation methodologies involving precious‐metal catalysts. In recent years, iron catalysts have emerged as a possible alternative to the more common precious‐metal catalysts, owing to its high abundance, low cost, and low toxicity. However, iron catalysts are plagued by two key factors: the ligand cost and the low turnover numbers (TONs) typically achieved. In this work, two approaches are presented to functionalize the popular N1,N2‐dimethyl‐N1,N2‐bis(pyridin‐2‐ylmethyl)ethane‐1,2‐diamine (BPMEN) ligand, so that it can be supported on porous silica or polymer resin supports. Four new catalysts are prepared and evaluated in an array of catalytic CH functionalization reactions by using cyclohexane, cyclohexene, cyclooctane, adamantane, benzyl alcohol, and cumene with aqueous hydrogen peroxide. Catalyst recovery and recycling is demonstrated by using supported catalysts, which allows for a modest increase in the TON achieved with these catalysts.
Diindolo[2,3‐b:2′,3′‐f]pyrrolo[3,2‐b]pyrroles as Electron‐Rich, Ladder‐Type Fluorophores: Synthesis and Optical Properties
Authors: Janiga Anita , Krzeszewski Maciej , Gryko Daniel T. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPreviously unknown ladder‐type heteroacenes were synthesized in just two steps from aromatic amines, 2‐nitrobenzaldehydes, and biacetyl. A recently discovered multicomponent process affording 1,4‐dihydropyrrolo[3,2‐b]pyrroles was followed by the Cadogan reaction, which resulted in simultaneous closure of two additional pyrrole rings. Rod‐like compounds synthesized in this way were stable in the absence of light, and they were transformed into bis(tert‐butoxycarbonyl) derivatives. The rigid herringbone‐like structure resulted in a strong absorption in theλ=350–410 nm region and very strong violet and blue emission, which was bathochromically shifted relative to the emission of the parent 1,4‐dihydropyrrolo[3,2‐b]pyrroles. The optical properties of these compounds strongly suggest that the conjugation spanned the entire π system. The HOMO energy level was located at −4.6 to −5.1 eV.
Enantioselective Radical Alkynylation of C(sp3)‐H Bonds Using Sulfoximine as a Traceless Chiral Auxiliary
Authors: Nagatomo Masanori , Yoshioka Shun , Inoue Masayuki 
Published: October 2014

AbstractEnantioselective alkynylation of C(sp3)H bonds adjacent to a nitrogen atom has been achieved using only chiral p‐tolyl tert‐butyldimethylsilylethynyl sulfoximine and benzophenone under photo‐irradiation conditions. A two‐carbon alkyne unit was chemo‐ and enantioselectively transferred at the nitrogen‐substituted methylene to produce the optically active propargylic amines of various structures. Remarkably, the NH‐unprotected sulfoximine group efficiently transmits its stereochemical information to the product and functions as a traceless chiral auxiliary.
A method for measuring accurate traffic density by aerial photography
Authors: Park Bum‐Jin , Kim Taehyeong , Yang Inchul , Heo Jinnyung , Son Bongsoo 
Published: October 2014

SummaryTraffic density can be accurately measured by counting the number of vehicles within 1 km; however, it is often calculated between macroscopic traffic parameters using the fundamental equation because of difficulty of observing traffic density directly in the field. Measuring density in this way may be inaccurate and may bias the analysis because the relationship between these traffic parameters can vary across the study sites. The purpose of this study is to find a method for measuring traffic density from aerial photography that is easy and accurate, and for this purpose, we investigated whether the measuring length (i.e., the length of a section of roadway from which observations of traffic are simultaneously collected) can be shorter than 1 km and yet retain the same measured traffic density. We divided an aerial photograph into several 20‐m unit sections, counted the number of vehicles manually, and examined measured traffic density according to central limit theory. According to the results of this study, with the number of 20‐m unit sections for observing traffic density at 15 (the measuring length is 300 m), the measured traffic density was almost the same as the density of a representative section of 1 km. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A methodology for choosing between fixed‐route and flex‐route policies for transit services
Authors: Qiu Feng , Li Wenquan , Haghani Ali 
Published: October 2014

SummaryFlex‐route transit brings together the low cost operability of fixed‐route transit with the flexibility of demand responsive transit, and in recent years, it has become the most popular type of flexible transit service. In this paper, a methodology is proposed to help planners make better decisions regarding the choice between a conventional fixed‐route and a flex‐route policy for a specific transit system with a varying passenger demand. A service quality function is developed to measure the performance of transit systems, and analytical modeling and simulations are used to reproduce transit operation under the two policies. To be closer to reality, two criteria are proposed depending on the processing of rejected requests in the assessment of the service quality function for flex‐route services. In various scenarios, critical demand densities, which represent the switching points between the two competing policies, are derived in a real‐world transit service according to the two criteria. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Deutscher Brückenbaupreis 2014 und 24. Dresdner Brückenbausymposium
Authors: Stritzke Jürgen 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAm 10. März d. J. wurde der Deutsche Brückenbaupreis 2014 im Rahmen eines Festaktes vor über 1300 Gästen verliehen. Bereits zum fünften Mal konnte dieser bedeutende Ingenieurpreis Deutschlands in ununterbrochener Folge seit 2006 im Auditorium der Technischen Universität Dresden vergeben werden. Ausgezeichnet werden ganzheitlich gelungene Brückenbauwerke in den Kategorien “Straßen‐ und Eisenbahnbrücken” und “Fuß‐ und Radwegbrücken”, die gleichzeitig auch Beiträge zur Baukultur sind. Die Ingenieure, deren kreative Leistung maßgeblich zum Entstehen des ausgezeichneten Brückenbauwerkes geführt hat, erhalten die Preisskulptur. Der alle zwei Jahre ausgelobte Ingenieurpreis der Königsdisziplin des Ingenieurbaus steht unter der Schirmherrschaft des Bundesministeriums für Verkehr und digitale Infrastruktur. Hauptsponsor ist die Deutsche Bahn AG. In diesem Jahr wurde der Wettbewerb u. a. auch vom Ministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz, Bau und Reaktorsicherheit gefördert.Again two significant events in the field of bridge construction in Germany: German Bridge Construction Award 2014 and the 24th Dresden Bridge Construction SymposiumOn March 10, the German Bridge Construction Award 2014 was presented during a ceremony in front of over 1300 guests. For the 5th time this has significant engineering prize of Germany in unbroken succession since 2006 in the Auditorium of the Technical University of Dresden will be awarded. Awarded be holistically successful bridge structures in the categories “Road and rail bridges” and “Bicycle and pedestrian bridges”, which are also contributing to building culture simultaneously. The engineers whose creative power was instrumental to the emergence of excellent bridge building, get the price sculpture. The units awarded every 2 years engineering prize of supreme discipline of civil engineering is under the patronage of the Federal Ministry of Transport and digital Infrastructure. The main sponsor is the German Railway AG. This year, the competition was supported among others by the Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, and Nuclear Safety building.
Mischungszusammensetzung nachhaltigkeits‐optimierter Konstruktionsbetone auf Basis internationaler Regelwerke
Authors: Proske Tilo , Rezvani Moien , Hainer Stefan , Graubner Carl‐Alexander 
Published: October 2014

AbstractDurch die Verringerung des Gehaltes an Portlandzementklinker im Beton werden dessen bilanzierte Umweltwirkungen deutlich reduziert. Um Potenziale und Grenzen des Mischungsentwurfs für umweltfreundliche Betone aufzeigen zu können, erfolgt im vorliegenden Beitrag zunächst eine Analyse der nationalen und internationalen Regelungen zu Grenzwerten der Betonzusammensetzung. Einbezogen werden sowohl die Regelungen in EN 206‐1 und länderspezifische Angaben als auch die normativen Vorgaben in China und den USA.Für die betrachteten Regelwerke werden charakteristische Beispielrezepturen mit möglichst geringem Zementgehalt entworfen und hinsichtlich ihrer Umweltwirkung bewertet. Abschließend wird ein Vorschlag für eine mögliche Modifikation oder Erweiterung von DIN 1045‐2 unterbreitet. Dieser soll die Basis für die Entwicklung neuartiger umweltfreundlicher Zemente und den effizienteren Einsatz von Zement bilden.Mix design for sustainable concrete based on international codesEnvironmental impact of cement can be significantly decreased by reducing the content of Portland cement clinker in cement and concrete. This paper deals with an analysis on limits and requirements of international codes including EN 206‐1 and the national annexes as well as the regulations in China and USA. The potentials for development of environmentally friendly concretes in parallel with the normative and technical limits of the concrete mix design will be discussed.For this purpose, characteristic concrete mixtures with the lowest possible cement contents were calculated and consequently evaluated based on their corresponding environmental impacts. Finally, a proposal for the modification on current regulations in DIN 1045‐2 is presented. This modification shall support the development and use of environmentally friendly cements with a low content of Portland cement clinker and the more efficient use of cement in the concrete.
Leicht Bauen mit Beton: Balkonplatten mit Carbonbewehrung
Authors: Frenzel Michael , Lieboldt Matthias , Curbach Manfred 
Published: October 2014

AbstractDie Eignung von Carbonbeton für leichte und schlanke Balkonbodenplatten wurde im Rahmen einer durch die Arbeitsgemeinschaft industrieller Forschungsvereinigungen “Otto von Guericke” e.V. (AiF) geförderten Kooperation zwischen der Industrie und der TU Dresden untersucht. Die Balkonplatte hat eine Grundfläche von 3,75 m × 1,75 m und besteht aus einem im Mittel nur etwa 7 cm starken carbonbewehrten Plattenspiegel mit einem umlaufenden stahlbewehrten Obergurt. Dadurch ist die Platte um etwa 50 % leichter als herkömmliche Ausführungen, wobei die Nachweise der Gebrauchstauglichkeit, Tragfähigkeit und Dauerhaftigkeit erbracht werden. Während des Projektes wurden Berechnungsverfahren zur Bestimmung der Tragfähigkeit und der Verformungen erarbeitet und ihre Eignung mithilfe von Traglastversuchen bestätigt. Die entwickelte carbonbewehrte Balkonplatte einschließlich Ständerkonstruktion befindet sich derzeit zur Langzeituntersuchung und Besichtigung auf dem Gelände der Metallbau Guke GmbH in Seerhausen, Sachsen.Concrete light: Balcony slabs with carbon reinforcementThe applicability of carbon concrete for lightweight and slender balcony slabs has been researched in the framework of an cooperation of enterprises and the TU Dresden funded by the German Federation of Industrial Research Associations. The balcony slab has a base of 3.75 m × 1.75 m consisting of a carbon reinforced slab with an average depth of 7 cm and a surrounding steel reinforced top chord. As a result, the slab is approximately 50 % less heavy than ordinary designs. The requirements for the serviceability, ultimate and durability limit state have been met. In the course of the project, calculation models to determine the load‐bearing capacity and deformations were developed and their applicability was confirmed by load tests. The developed carbon reinforced balcony slab with a post‐and‐beam‐structure is currently located on the property of Metallbau Guke GmbH in Seerhausen, Saxony for long‐term experiments and viewing.
Exponential quadruplex priming amplification for DNA‐based isothermal diagnostics
Authors: Partskhaladze Tamar , Taylor Adam , Lomidze Levan , Gvarjaladze David , Kankia Besik 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTPolymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a method of choice for molecular diagnostics. However, PCR relies on thermal cycling, which is not compatible with the goals of point‐of‐care diagnostics. A simple strategy to turn PCR into an isothermal method would be to use specific primers, which upon polymerase elongation can self‐dissociate from the primer‐binding sites. We recently demonstrated that a monomolecular DNA quadruplex, GGGTGGGTGGGTGGG, meets these requirements, which led to the development of the linear versions of quadruplex priming amplification (QPA). Here we demonstrate exponential version of isothermal QPA, which allows an unprecedented 1010‐fold amplification of DNA signal in less than 40 min. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 103: 88–95, 2015.
Review for the Direct Synthesis of Dimethyl Carbonate
Authors: Santos Bruno A. V. , Silva Viviana M. T. M. , Loureiro José M. , Rodrigues Alírio E. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis review summarizes the state‐of‐the‐art for direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) from carbon dioxide and methanol. In addition, conventional and alternative processes are also discussed in order to understand the advantages and disadvantages of the direct synthesis of DMC. Furthermore, the major applications of DMC are described: solvent, fuels additive, and building block for organic synthesis. The major drawbacks of the direct synthesis of DMC are the low yield and reaction rate, mostly induced by the highly stable carbon dioxide molecules. The development of novel catalyst and strategies to enhance the DMC yield – such as dehydrating agents that remove the water from the reacting mixture – are pointed out as the key solution for this route. Therefore, the main catalysts (homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts) used so far are presented, together with the respective operating conditions and catalyst performance. The use of different dehydrating agents to increase the DMC yield is also discussed.
Pneumocandin Biosynthesis: Involvement of a trans‐Selective Proline Hydroxylase
Authors: Houwaart Stefanie , Youssar Loubna , Hüttel Wolfgang 
Published: October 2014

AbstractEchinocandins are cyclic nonribosomal hexapeptides based mostly on nonproteinogenic amino acids and displaying strong antifungal activity. Despite previous studies on their biosynthesis by fungi, the origin of three amino acids, trans‐4‐ and trans‐3‐hydroxyproline, as well as trans‐3‐hydroxy‐4‐methylproline, is still unknown. Here we describe the identification, overexpression, and characterization of GloF, the first eukaryotic α‐ketoglutarate/FeII‐dependent proline hydroxylase from the pneumocandin biosynthesis cluster of the fungus Glarea lozoyensis ATCC 74030. In in vitro transformations with L‐proline, GloF generates trans‐4‐ and trans‐3‐hydroxyproline simultaneously in a ratio of 8:1; the latter reaction was previously unknown for proline hydroxylase catalysis. trans‐4‐Methyl‐L‐proline is converted into the corresponding trans‐3‐hydroxyproline. All three hydroxyprolines required for the biosynthesis of the echinocandins pneumocandins A0 and B0 in G. lozoyensis are thus provided by GloF. Sequence analyses revealed that GloF is not related to bacterial proline hydroxylases, and none of the putative proteins with high sequence similarity in the databases has been characterized so far.
Selective Hydrogenation of Cinnamaldehyde to Cinnamal Alcohol over Platinum/Graphene Catalysts
Authors: Ji Xiwang , Niu Xiaoyu , Li Bo , Han Qing , Yuan Fulong , Zaera Francisco , Zhu Yujun , Fu Honggang 
Published: October 2014

AbstractCatalysts made of Pt nanoparticles dispersed on graphene (X wt %Pt/G, X=2.0, 3.5, and 5.0) were prepared and characterized by XRD, Raman spectroscopy, BET surface area measurements, TEM, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and a 3.5 wt % Pt supported on Vulcan Carbon catalyst (3.5 wt %Pt/VC) was included as a reference. Although the mean Pt nanoparticle size is approximately 4.4 nm for all X wt %Pt/G and 3.5 wt %Pt/VC catalysts, cinnamal alcohol was produced with high selectivity only with the graphene‐supported catalysts: 92 % conversion and 88 % selectivity toward cinnamal alcohol were obtained with 3.5 wt %Pt/G. This catalyst also showed good stability in recycling tests. The good selectivity observed with the graphene‐based catalysts is attributed to the higher fraction of reduced surface Pt0 atoms seen on the surface of the Pt nanoparticles (determined by XPS). This interpretation is consistent with DFT calculations. Additional π–π interactions between cinnamaldehyde and graphene may also play a role in the selective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde.
Kinetics of Heterogeneous Biodiesel Synthesis Using Supported ZnO as Catalyst
Authors: Lukić Ivana , Kesić Željka , Skala Dejan 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA heterogeneous catalyst, ZnO supported on alumina/silica, was synthesized by the sol‐gel method. The prepared catalysts were employed for methanolysis of sunflower oil. Effects of various supports as well as calcination temperature were evaluated following the kinetics of the reaction. Simple first‐order irreversible and reversible reaction models were applied to determine the reaction rate constant. The results proved that under optimized conditions the catalyst exhibited good activity in the methanolysis of sunflower oil and the kinetics of the methanolysis process could be expressed by the first‐order reversible reaction model. For other catalysts with lower activity, the first‐order irreversible reaction model could be successfully applied to describe well the process kinetics.
Paving the Way towards Highly Stable and Practical Electrolytes for Rechargeable Magnesium Batteries
Authors: Tutusaus Oscar , Mohtadi Rana 
Published: October 2014

AbstractDespite being considered a promising anode candidate for future battery technologies, the reactivity of Mg metal and its resultant passivation have challenged the development of electrolytes for rechargeable Mg batteries. In this Concept article, we shed light on critical past and current motivations, hurdles, and design strategies of electrolyte development for Mg batteries. Special focus is given to the most recent advancements; in particular, we elaborate on bottom‐up design strategies targeted to overcome the corrosion issue caused by current electrolyte systems. Salts containing the BH motif expanded the portfolio of Mg‐compatible electrolytes and are used as a platform to create a whole new promising family. Here, we explain the approach, challenges, and the path forward for ultimately creating Mg‐compatible, highly stable, and non‐corrosive Mg electrolytes.