bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Method for Detection of Pre‐Earthquake Ionospheric Anomalies
Authors: Xiao‐Hong ZHANG , Xiao‐Dong REN , Feng‐Bo WU , Yu‐Yang CHEN 
Published: June 2013

Abstract:This paper proposed a new method for detection of pre‐earthquake ionospheric anomalies using time series analysis based on the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model. Firstly, we compared the precision of this new method with the traditional ones, namely the Inter Quartile Range (IQR) method and the sliding window method, in predicting the TEC reference background values. The results show that the precision of the former is obviously better than the latter, while the average prediction residual errors of the former are twice smaller than the latter. To detect pre‐earthquake ionospheric anomalies more accurately, besides precise reference background values, its reasonable error range is also needed. Therefore, this paper put forward a new method to calculate the reference background value's upper and lower bounds. Finally, the earthquake happened in Sumatra on January 10, 2012 was taken as example. We analyzed its pre‐earthquake ionospheric anomalies and proved the effectiveness of the new method. The results show that obvious ionospheric anomalies appeared on the 13th, 8th to 9th and 1st to 2nd days before the earthquake as well as several hours during the day when the earthquake happened. Furthermore, positive anomalies (observational values higher than normal ones) generally appeared to the north of the epicenter and were much earlier before the earthquake occurrence, while the negative ones (observation values lower than the normal) occurred in any direction to the epicenter, and close to the moment the earthquake occurrence. Through statistics for the frequency of ionospheric anomalies occurred at different times of the day, we have also found a valuable law that the closer the time of the day before the earthquake moment, the higher the occurrence frequency of the ionospheric anomalies, which is likely to be an important reference to the more accurate earthquake prediction in the future.
Joint Inversion of HDIL and SP with a Five‐Parameter Model for Estimation of Connate Water Resistivity
Authors: Hu LI , Yi‐Ren FAN , Yun‐Yun HU , Shao‐Gui DENG , Qing‐Tao SUN 
Published: June 2013

Abstract:Initial water saturation is an important reservoir parameter which is also the basis for reservoir fine evaluation. On the basis of numerical simulation of mud filtrate invasion and analysis of petrophysical characteristics around a borehole during drilling, the generation position of spontaneous potential is determined. In view of different invasion characteristics, a five‐parameter model is proposed, which is applicable to different invasion characteristics including reservoir resistivity distribution with “low resistivity annulus”. Furthermore, on the basis of geometrical factor theory and finite element method, a combined inversion algorithm of array induction logging and spontaneous potential is established, and formation resistivity parameters are inversed. In addition, a reservoir resistivity profile is reconstructed; thereby formation water resistivity is calculated accurately. The inversion results of field data show that the inversion algorithm is stable and reliable, and the joint inversion of array induction logging and spontaneous potential can well represent the resistivity distribution, reconstruct resistivity profiles and determine the generation position of spontaneous potential. The combined inversion algorithm based on array induction logging and spontaneous potential can accurately calculate the connate water resistivity and provides evidence for reservoir evaluation and fluid property identification.
Discordant Association of C‐Reactive Protein With Clinical Events and Coronary Luminal Narrowing in Postmenopausal Women: Data From the Women's Angiographic Vitamin and Estrogen (WAVE) Study
Authors: Patel Dhavalkumar , Jhamnani Sunny , Ahmad Soha , Silverman Angela , Lindsay Joseph 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of cardiovascular events had been shown to be associated with C‐reactive protein (CRP). However, it is unclear that the cardiovascular risk associated with CRP is due to progressive coronary narrowing or to other factors such as formation of unstable plaque. This study was designed to determine the effect of baseline CRP on cardiovascular events and on the progression of atherosclerotic narrowing among 423 postmenopausal women with angiographic stenosis between 15% and 75%.HypothesisBaseline CRP levels may affect cardiovascular events and progression of atherosclerotic coronary artery narrowing among postmenopausal women.MethodsBaseline and follow‐up (2.8 years) angiographic data were analyzed among 320 women. Women were stratified into 4 quartiles according to baseline CRP levels. The changes in lumen diameter and clinical events in each quartile were compared.ResultsThe annualized changes in minimal and average lumen diameter in diseased and nondiseased coronary segments were not significantly associated with baseline CRP levels. The composite end point of all‐cause mortality and myocardial infarction (MI) increased from 3% (3/107) in the first CRP quartile to 14% (14/98) in fourth CRP quartile (P < 0.001). Similar results were found for cardiovascular death and MI (increased from 1% (2/107) in the first quartile to 11% (11/98) in fourth quartile). The difference remained significant even after adjustment for baseline differences and cardiovascular risk factors.ConclusionsHigher baseline CRP was associated with increased risk of clinical events but was not associated with annualized change in luminal diameters. Thus, increased risk of adverse events among patients with higher baseline CRP events was independent of progression of atherosclerosis as measured by change in minimal or average luminal diameter.
The Prognostic Significance of Narrow Fragmented QRS on Admission Electrocardiogram in Patients Hospitalized for Decompensated Systolic Heart Failure
Authors: Ozcan Sevgi , Cakmak Huseyin Altug , Ikitimur Baris , Yurtseven Ece , Stavileci Berna , Tufekcioglu Ebru Yucel , Enar Rasim 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundNarrow fragmented QRS (fQRS) has recently been recognized as a significant predictor of prognosis in various cardiovascular diseases.HypothesisWe hypothesized that the presence of narrow fQRS on admission electrocardiogram (ECG) in patients with decompensated systolic heart failure (HF) of any cause would be associated with long‐term prognosis.MethodsPatients hospitalized for decompensated HF due to ischemic or nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (left ventricular ejection fraction <35%) were retrospectively analyzed. The primary clinical end points were cardiovascular mortality, sudden cardiac death, and rehospitalization for HF.ResultsThe mean duration of follow‐up was 3.73 ± 1.41 years. Patients were classified as fQRS(+) group (n = 114; mean age, 63.49 ± 12.04 years) and fQRS(−) group (n = 113 patients; mean age, 65.04 ± 11.95 years). fQRS on ECG was significantly correlated with New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class (P = 0.001). In multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis, narrow fQRS (odds ratio [OR]: 3.130, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.560‐2.848, P = 0.001), chronic renal failure (OR: 2.455, 95% CI: 1.120‐5.381, P = 0.025), NYHA class (OR: 8.305, 95% CI: 2.568‐26.855, P < 0.0001), and hypoalbuminemia (OR: 2.099, 95% CI: 1.122‐3.926, P = 0.020) were independent predictors of cardiovascular mortality. In Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis, narrow fQRS on admission ECG predicted worse survival rate at 84 months; survival probability significantly decreased in the fQRS(+) group compared with fQRS(−) group (P < 0.0001).ConclusionsPresence of narrow fQRS is associated with worse NYHA functional class in patients hospitalized for decompensated HF. Narrow fQRS predicts cardiovascular mortality in a specific subgroup of systolic HF patients, namely those hospitalized for decompensated HF of both ischemic and nonischemic causes.
Alzheimer’s Disease: Identification and Development of β‐Secretase (BACE‐1) Binding Fragments and Inhibitors by Dynamic Ligation Screening (DLS)
Authors: Fernández‐Bachiller María Isabel , Horatscheck André , Lisurek Michael , Rademann Jörg 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe application of dynamic ligation screening (DLS), a methodology for fragment‐based drug discovery (FBDD), to the aspartic protease β‐secretase (BACE‐1) is reported. For this purpose, three new fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) substrates were designed and synthesized. Their kinetic parameters (Vmax, KM, and kcat) were determined and compared with a commercial substrate. Secondly, a peptide aldehyde was designed as a chemically reactive inhibitor (CRI) based on the Swedish mutation substrate sequence. Incubation of this CRI with the protease, a FRET substrate, and one amine per well taken from an amine library, which was assembled by a maximum common substructure (MCS) approach, revealed the fragment 3‐(3‐aminophenyl)‐2H‐chromen‐2‐one (1) to be a competitive BACE‐1 inhibitor that enhanced the activity of the CRI. Irreversibly formed fragment combination products of 1 with the initial peptide sequence were active and confirmed the targeting of the active site through the ethane‐1,2‐diamine isostere. Finally, structure‐assisted combination of fragment 1 with secondary fragments that target the S1 site in hit optimization yielded novel, entirely fragment‐based BACE‐1 inhibitors with up to 30‐fold improved binding affinity. Interactions with the protein were explained by molecular modeling studies, which indicate that the new fragment combinations interact with the catalytic aspartic acid dyad, as well as with the adjacent binding sites required for potency.
A Visible‐Light Driven Photoelectrochemical Aptasensor for Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals Bisphenol A with High Sensitivity and Specificity
Authors: Zhang Yingying , Cao Tongcheng , Huang Xiaofeng , Liu Meichuan , Shi Huijie , Zhao Guohua 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA visible‐light driven photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensor based on aptamer immobilized TiO2‐Fe2O3 nanotubes was proposed for the first time and highly sensitive and selective bisphenol A determination was realized. Taking advantage of the alloy oxide nanotube structure, high surface area, good biocompatibility, superior photoelectrocatalytic performance, a limit of detection toward BPA as low as 1.8×10−11 M with linearity in the range from 1.8×10−11 to 3.2×10−9 M could be achieved. Specificity was greatly exhibited for this aptasensor under 100‐fold excess concentration of estriol, resorcinol, nonylphenol, 2,4‐D, acetamiprid, chlorpyrifos and omethoate. Simultaneously, satisfactory results were obtained in real water sample investigation from industrial plastics and drinking water. A novel visible‐light driven PEC method for highly sensitive and selective detection of BPA was thus established.
Serotonin transporter polymorphism is associated with increased apnea–hypopnea index in older adults
Authors: Schröder Carmen M. , Primeau Michelle M. , Hallmayer Joachim F. , Lazzeroni Laura C. , Hubbard Jeffrey T. , O'Hara Ruth 
Published: June 2013

RationaleA functional polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene (5‐HTTLPR) has previously been related to upper airway pathology, but its contribution to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a highly prevalent sleep disorder in older adults, remains unclear.ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate the relationship between apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) and genetic variations in the promoter region of the 5‐HTTLPR in older adults.MethodsDNA samples from 94 community‐dwelling older adults (57% female, mean age 72 ± 8) were genotyped for the 5‐HTTLPR polymorphism. All participants were assessed in their homes with full ambulatory polysomnography in order to determine AHI and related parameters such as hypoxia, sleep fragmentation, and self‐reported daytime sleepiness.ResultsThe 5‐HTT l allele was significantly associated with AHI (p = 0.019), with l allele carriers displaying a higher AHI than s allele homozygotes. A single allele change in 5‐HTTLPR genotype from s to l resulted in an increase of AHI by 4.46 per hour of sleep (95% CI, 0.75–8.17). The l allele was also associated with increased time during sleep spent at oxygen saturation levels below 90% (p = 0.014).ConclusionsThe observed significant association between the 5‐HTTLPR l allele and severity of OSA in older adults suggests that the l allele may be important to consider when assessing for OSA in this age group. This association may also explain some of the observed variability among serotonergic pharmacological treatment studies for OSA, and 5‐HTT genotype status may have to be taken into account in future therapeutic trials involving serotonergic agents. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quality of case reports of adverse drug reactions with psychotropic drugs: a 25‐year review
Authors: Talat Bilal , Mayers Andrew , Baldwin David S. 
Published: June 2013

Case reports of adverse reactions with psychotropic drugs can be useful in raising hypotheses, to be tested with more rigorous study designs. However such reports have significant methodological drawbacks, making it hard to determine causality.We undertook a systematic assessment of the quality of case reports and small case series published within Human Psychopharmacology over 25 years. For reports of adverse drug reactions, modified Bradford Hill criteria for causality (for consistency, strength, specificity, temporal relationship and plausibility) were used to ascertain the quality of the account. Reports which had been cited at least 10 times by December 2010 were examined in detail, to assess their overall contribution in extending understanding and influencing clinical practice.Of 40 reports of adverse drug reactions, only seven were sufficiently robust for confidence in probable or possible causality. Nine reports had been cited more than 10 times: the five most frequently cited reports of adverse drug reactions described movement disorders, suicidal thoughts and discontinuation symptoms with SSRIs: clinical relevance was high, but their quality was not markedly greater than less frequently cited reports.Nearly all reports of adverse drug reactions, published in a single journal over 25 years, were insufficiently robust to demonstrate probable causality. Reports that are cited frequently become influential because of their potential clinical relevance, rather than due to their methodological quality. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrical Current Signatures of DNA Base Modifications in Single Molecules Immobilized in the α‐Hemolysin Ion Channel
Authors: Wolna Anna H. , Fleming Aaron M. , An Na , He Lidong , White Henry S. , Burrows Cynthia J. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractNanopore technology holds high potential for next‐generation DNA sequencing. This method operates by drawing an individual single‐stranded DNA molecule through a nanoscale pore, while monitoring the current deflections that occur as the DNA passes through. Individual current levels for the four DNA nucleotides have been established by immobilization of an end biotinylated strand in the pore, in which the nucleotide of interest is suspended at the most sensitive region of the ion channel. Due to the inherent reactivity of DNA bases, many modified nucleotides in the genome exist as a result of oxidative and UV insults, among others. Herein, the current levels for common DNA damage lesions 8‐oxo‐7,8‐dihydroguanine, spiroiminodihydantoin, guanidinohydantoin, uridine, abasic sites, thymine dimers, thymine glycol, and 5‐iodocytosine were assessed through immobilization experiments. In some cases, the current difference between the damaged and canonical nucleotides was not well resolved; therefore, we took advantage of the chemical reactivity of the new functional groups present to make amine adducts that shifted the current levels outside the range of the native nucleotides. Among the adducts studied, only the 2‐aminomethyl‐18‐crown‐6 adduct was able to give a large current shift in the immobilization experiment, as well as being observed in a translocation experiment. The results show potential in providing current‐level modulators for identification of some types of DNA damage. In principle, any DNA base modification that can be converted chemically or enzymatically into an abasic site could be identified in this way.
A three‐step maximum a posteriori probability method for InSAR data inversion of coseismic rupture with application to the 14 April 2010 Mw 6.9 Yushu, China, earthquake
Authors: Sun Jianbao , Shen Zheng‐Kang , Bürgmann Roland , Wang Min , Chen Lichun , Xu Xiwei 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe develop a three‐step maximum a posteriori probability method for coseismic rupture inversion, which aims at maximizing the a posterior probability density function (PDF) of elastic deformation solutions of earthquake rupture. The method originates from the fully Bayesian inversion and mixed linear‐nonlinear Bayesian inversion methods and shares the same posterior PDF with them, while overcoming difficulties with convergence when large numbers of low‐quality data are used and greatly improving the convergence rate using optimization procedures. A highly efficient global optimization algorithm, adaptive simulated annealing, is used to search for the maximum of a posterior PDF (“mode” in statistics) in the first step. The second step inversion approaches the “true” solution further using the Monte Carlo inversion technique with positivity constraints, with all parameters obtained from the first step as the initial solution. Then slip artifacts are eliminated from slip models in the third step using the same procedure of the second step, with fixed fault geometry parameters. We first design a fault model with 45° dip angle and oblique slip, and produce corresponding synthetic interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data sets to validate the reliability and efficiency of the new method. We then apply this method to InSAR data inversion for the coseismic slip distribution of the 14 April 2010 Mw 6.9 Yushu, China earthquake. Our preferred slip model is composed of three segments with most of the slip occurring within 15 km depth and the maximum slip reaches 1.38 m at the surface. The seismic moment released is estimated to be 2.32e+19 Nm, consistent with the seismic estimate of 2.50e+19 Nm.
On the toughness index of planar graphs
Authors: Dillencourt Michael B. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe toughness indexτ(G) of a graph G is defined to be the largest integer t such that for any S ⊆ V(G) with |S| > t, c(G ‐ S) < |S| ‐ t, where c(G ‐ S) denotes the number of components of G ‐ S. In particular, 1‐tough graphs are exactly those graphs for which τ(G) ≥ 0. In this paper, it is shown that if G is a planar graph, then τ(G) ≥ 2 if and only if G is 4‐connected. This result suggests that there may be a polynomial‐time algorithm for determining whether a planar graph is 1‐tough, even though the problem for general graphs is NP‐hard. The result can be restated as follows: a planar graph is 4‐connected if and only if it remains 1‐tough whenever two vertices are removed. Hence it establishes a weakened version of a conjecture, due to M. D. Plummer, that removing 2 vertices from a 4‐connected planar graph yields a Hamiltonian graph.
Almost all rooted maps have large representativity
Authors: Bender Edward A. , Gao Zhicheng , Richmond L. Bruce 
Published: June 2013

AbstractLet M be a map on a surface S. The edge‐width of M is the length of a shortest noncontractible cycle of M. The face‐width (or, representativity) of M is the smallest number of intersections a noncontractible curve in S has with M. (The edge‐width and face‐width of a planar map may be defined to be infinity.) A map is a large‐edge‐width embedding (LEW‐embedding) if its maximum face valency is less than its edge‐width. For several families of rooted maps on a given surface, we prove that there are positive constants C1 and C2, depending on the family and the surface, such that
almost all maps with n edges have face‐width and edge‐width greater than c1 log n, and
the fraction of such maps that are LEW‐embeddings and the fraction that are not LEW‐embeddings both exceed n− >C2.
On maximal triangle‐free graphs
Authors: Erdős Paul , Holzman Ron 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA triangle‐free graph is maximal if adding any edge will create a triangle. The minimal number of edges of a maximal triangle‐free graph on n vertices having maximal degree at most D is denoted by F(n, D). We determine the value of limn‐∞ F(n, cn)/n for 2/5 < c < 1/2. This investigation continues work done by Z. Füredi and Á. Seress. Our result is contrary to a conjecture of theirs.
The irredundant ramsey number s(3,3,3) = 13
Authors: Cockayne E. J. , Mynhardt C. M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractLet G1, G2,. …, Gt be an arbitrary t‐edge coloring of Kn, where for each i ∈ {1,2, …, t}, Gi is the spanning subgraph of Kn consisting of all edges colored with the ith color. The irredundant Ramsey number s(q1, q2, …, qt) is defined as the smallest integer n such that for any t‐edge coloring of Kn, i has an irredundant set of size qi for at least one i ∈ {1,2, …,t}. It is proved that s(3,3,3) = 13, a result that improves the known bounds 12 ≤ s(3,3,3) ≤ 14.
Demographic trends and disease‐specific survival in salivary acinic cell carcinoma: An analysis of 1129 cases
Authors: Patel Neal R. , Sanghvi Saurin , Khan Mohemmed N. , Husain Qasim , Baredes Soly , Eloy Jean Anderson 
Published: June 2013

Objective/HypothesisAcinic cell carcinoma (AciCC) is a rare salivary gland malignancy that most commonly arises in the parotid gland. Characteristics of AciCC are slow growth and a long clinical course. As a rare tumor, population‐based studies are limited. We analyzed the incidence and survival for AciCC using a national population‐based database.Study DesignRetrospective analysis.MethodsThe United States National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry was utilized to calculate incidence and disease‐specific survival trends for AciCC between 1973 and 2009. Patient data were stratified according to age, gender, race, grade, and extent of disease. Incidence trends were studied across the last 30 years and long‐term disease‐specific survival outcomes were compared across the different demographic parameters.ResultsA total of 1,129 cases of AciCC were identified, comprising of 672 (59.52%) females. Incidence trend analysis revealed significant changes in yearly incidence rates from 1973 to 2009 for male gender and white and “others” races. Overall 5‐year survival was 97.15%, 10‐year survival was 93.81%, and 20‐year survival was 89.74%. Significant differences in survival outcomes were noted for extent of disease. Patients exhibiting distant metastasis displayed the worse long‐term prognosis at 21.99% 20‐year disease‐specific survival. Hazard ratios demonstrated a significant increase in mortality in patients with poorly differentiated, undifferentiated, and metastatic disease.ConclusionTrends in incidence of AciCC are influenced by gender, race and age. Long‐term survival of this rare malignant tumor is influenced by gender, grade, race, and extent of disease. Future studies need to be conducted to investigate these dynamic trends related to AciCC.Level of Evidence2b. Laryngoscope, 124:172–178, 2014