bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
eROSITA – Mapping the X‐ray universe
Authors: Predehl P. 
Published: October 2014

AbstracteROSITA (extended ROentgen Survey with an Imaging Telescope Array) is the core instrument on the Russian/German Spektrum‐Roentgen‐Gamma (SRG) mission which is currently scheduled for launch late 2015/early 2016. eROSITA will perform a deep survey of the entire X‐ray sky. In the soft band (0.5–2 keV), it will be about 30 times more sensitive than ROSAT, while in the hard band (2–8 keV) it will provide the first ever true imaging survey of the sky. The design driving science is the detection of large samples of galaxy clusters to redshifts z > 1 in order to study the large scale structure in the universe and test cosmological models including dark energy. In addition, eROSITA is expected to yield a sample of a few million active galactic nuclei, including obscured objects, revolutionizing our view of the evolution of supermassive black holes. The survey will also provide new insights into a wide range of astro‐physical phenomena, including X‐ray binaries, active stars, and diffuse emission within the Galaxy. eROSITA is currently (Jan 2014) in its flight model and calibration phase. All seven flight mirror modules (plus one spare) have been delivered and measured in X‐rays. The first camera including the complete electronics has been extensively tested. So far, all subsystems and components are well within the expected performance. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Local‐density driven clustered star formation: Model and (some) implications
Authors: Parmentier G. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA positive power‐law trend between the local surface densities of molecular gas, Σgas, and young stellar objects, Σstars, in molecular clouds of the solar neighbourhood has recently been identified. How it relates to the properties of embedded clusters has so far not been investigated. To that purpose, we model the development of the stellar component of molecular clumps as a function of time and local volume density. Specifically, we associate the observed volume density gradient of molecular clumps to the density‐dependent free‐fall time and we obtain the molecular clump star formation history by applying a constant star formation efficiency per free‐fall time, ϵff. The model reproduces naturally the observed (Σgas, Σstars) relation quoted above. The consequences of our model in terms of cluster survivability after residual star‐forming gas expulsion and in terms of star age distribution in young gas‐free clusters are discussed. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Asiago Supernova classification program: Blowing out the first two hundred candles
Authors: Tomasella L. , Benetti S. , Cappellaro E. , Pastorello A. , Turatto M. , Barbon R. , Elias‐Rosa N. , Harutyunyan A. , Ochner P. , Tartaglia L. , Valenti S. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe present the compilation of the first 221 supernovae classified during the Asiago Classification Program (ACP). The details of transients classification and the preliminarily reduced spectra, in fits format, are immediately posted on the Padova‐Asiago SN group web site. The achieved performances for the first 2 years of the ACP are analysed, showing that half of all our classifications were made within 5 days from transient detection. The distribution of the supernova types of this sample resembles the distribution of the general list of all the supernovae listed in the Asiago SN catalog (ASNC, Barbon et al. 1999). Finally, we use our subsample of 78 core‐collapse supernovae, for which we retrieve the host‐galaxy morphology and r ‐band absolute magnitudes, to study the observed subtype distribution in dwarf compared to giant galaxies. This ongoing program will give its contribution to the classification of the large number of transients that will be soon delivered by the Gaia mission. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Cell‐free metabolic engineering: Biomanufacturing beyond the cell
Authors: Dudley Quentin M. , Karim Ashty S. , Jewett Michael C. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIndustrial biotechnology and microbial metabolic engineering are poised to help meet the growing demand for sustainable, low‐cost commodity chemicals and natural products, yet the fraction of biochemicals amenable to commercial production remains limited. Common problems afflicting the current state‐of‐the‐art include low volumetric productivities, build‐up of toxic intermediates or products, and byproduct losses via competing pathways. To overcome these limitations, cell‐free metabolic engineering (CFME) is expanding the scope of the traditional bioengineering model by using in vitro ensembles of catalytic proteins prepared from purified enzymes or crude lysates of cells for the production of target products. In recent years, the unprecedented level of control and freedom of design, relative to in vivo systems, has inspired the development of engineering foundations for cell‐free systems. These efforts have led to activation of long enzymatic pathways (>8 enzymes), near theoretical conversion yields, productivities greater than 100 mg L–1 h–1, reaction scales of >100 L, and new directions in protein purification, spatial organization, and enzyme stability. In the coming years, CFME will offer exciting opportunities to: (i) debug and optimize biosynthetic pathways; (ii) carry out design‐build‐test iterations without re‐engineering organisms; and (iii) perform molecular transformations when bioconversion yields, productivities, or cellular toxicity limit commercial feasibility.
The transcriptomic profile of ovarian cancer grading
Authors: Yao Cindy Q. , Nguyen Francis , Haider Syed , Starmans Maud H. W. , Lambin Philippe , Boutros Paul C. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractOvarian carcinoma is the leading cause of gynecological malignancy, with the serous subtype being the most commonly presented subtype. Recent studies have demonstrated that grade does not yield significant prognostic information, independent of TNM staging. As such, several different grading systems have been proposed to reveal morphological characteristics of these tumors, however each yield different results. To help address this issue, we performed a rigorous computational analysis to better understand the molecular differences that fundamentally explain the different grades and grading systems. mRNA abundance levels were analyzed across 334 total patients and their association with each grade and grading system were assessed. Few molecular differences were observed between grade 2 and 3 tumors when using the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) grading system, suggesting their molecular similarity. In contrast, grading by the Silverberg system reveals that grades 1–3 are molecularly equidistant from one another across a spectrum. Additionally, we have identified a few candidate genes with good prognostic information that could potentially be used for classifying cases with similar morphological appearances.
δEF1 associates with DNMT1 and maintains DNA methylation of the E‐cadherin promoter in breast cancer cells
Authors: Fukagawa Akihiko , Ishii Hiroki , Miyazawa Keiji , Saitoh Masao 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAbnormal DNA methylation at the C‐5 position of cytosine (5mC) of CpG dinucleotides is a well‐known epigenetic feature of cancer. Levels of E‐cadherin, which is regularly expressed in epithelial tissues, are frequently reduced in epithelial tumors due to transcriptional repression, sometimes accompanied by hypermethylation of the promoter region. δEF1 family proteins (δEF1/ZEB1 and SIP1/ZEB2), key regulators of the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), suppress E‐cadherin expression at the transcriptional level. We recently showed that levels of mRNAs encoding δEF1 proteins are regulated reciprocally with E‐cadherin level in breast cancer cells. Here, we examined the mechanism underlying downregulation of E‐cadherin expression in three basal‐type breast cancer cells in which the E‐cadherin promoter region is hypermethylated (Hs578T) or moderately methylated (BT549 and MDA‐MB‐231). Regardless of methylation status, treatment with 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine (5‐aza), which inhibits DNA methyltransferases, had no effect on E‐cadherin expression. Knockdown of δEF1 and SIP1 resulted in recovery of E‐cadherin expression in cells lacking hypermethylation, whereas combined treatment with 5‐aza synergistically restored E‐cadherin expression, especially when the E‐cadherin promoter was hypermethylated. Moreover, δEF1 interacted with DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) through the Smad‐binding domain. Sustained knockdown of δEF1 family proteins reduced the number of 5mC sites in the E‐cadherin promoter region, suggesting that these proteins maintain 5mC through interaction with DNMT1 in breast cancer cells. Thus, δEF1 family proteins appear to repress expression of E‐cadherin during cancer progression, both directly at the transcriptional level and indirectly at the epigenetic level.
A strange lupus‐like malar rash with renal involvement: an angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma – A case report
Authors: Dalbeni Andrea , Gomarasca Luca , Bellocchi Maria C. , Nuvolari Roberta , Bertagnin Matteo , Imbalzano Egidio , Fondrieschi Luigi , Minuz Pietro 
Published: October 2014

Key Clinical MessageCutaneous malar rash and kidney involvement has not previously been reported as presenting symptoms of an angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma (AITL). We report a case of a woman with erythematous rash. A PET‐CT revealed a lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly. An inguinal lymph node biopsy showed an AITL. There was clinical improvement after prednisone.
Prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 6q25.3‐qter and monosomy 10q26.12‐qter by array CGH in a fetus with an apparently normal karyotype
Authors: Marinescu Ponnila S. , Saller Devereux N. , Parks W. Tony , Yatsenko Svetlana A. , Rajkovic Aleksandar 
Published: October 2014

Key Clinical MessageWe present the prenatal case of a 12.5‐Mb duplication involving 6q25‐qter and a 12.2‐Mb deletion encompassing 10q26‐qter diagnosed by aCGH, while conventional karyotype showed normal results. The genotype–phenotype correlation between individual microarray and clinical findings adds to the emerging atlas of chromosomal abnormalities associated with specific prenatal ultrasound abnormalities.
A case of metastasis‐induced acute pancreatitis in a patient with small cell lung cancer
Authors: Yamanashi Keiji , Marumo Satoshi , Saitoh Motoh , Kato Motokazu 
Published: October 2014

Key Clinical MessageWe report a rare case of metastasis‐induced acute pancreatitis (MIAP) from small cell lung cancer (SCLC) diagnosed on autopsy, indicating a diagnosis of MIAP with SCLC. Our case suggests that MIAP can arise as a complication of SCLC and has an extremely poor prognosis.
Tautomerism and Atropisomerism in Free‐Base (meso)‐Strapped Porphyrins: Static and Dynamic Aspects
Authors: Urbani Maxence , Torres Tomás 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe report herein some outstanding examples of atropisomerism and tautomerism in five (meso‐)strapped porphyrins. Porphyrins S0–S4 have been synthesised, characterised and studied in detail by spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques, and their isomeric purity verified by HPLC analysis. In particular, they exhibit perfectly well‐defined NMR spectra that display distinct patterns depending on their average symmetry at room temperature: C2v, D2d, C2h, C2v, and D2h for S0–S4, respectively. NH tautomerism was evidenced by variable‐low‐temperature 1H NMR experiments in [D2]dichloromethane performed on S0 (Δ${G{{{\ne}\hfill \atop {\rm 298K}\hfill}}}$=48±1 kJ mol−1) and S1 (Δ${G{{{\ne}\hfill \atop {\rm 298K}\hfill}}}$=55±3 kJ mol−1), which has led to an understanding of the average spectra observed for the five porphyrins at room temperature. On the other hand, S2 and S3 are stable atropisomers at room temperature, easily separated and characterised, as a result of restricted rotation of their strapped bridges due to their high rotational barrier energies. Upon heating to 82 °C, they slowly equilibrate to a thermodynamic ratio of 64:36 in favour of the more stable S2 isomer. This atropisomerisation process was evidenced by 1H NMR spectroscopy and monitored by HPLC, from which high rotational energy barriers of 115.2 (Δ${G{{{\ne}\hfill \atop {\rm S2}\rightarrow {\rm S3}\hfill}}}$) and 116.9 kJ mol−1 (Δ${G{{{\ne}\hfill \atop {\rm S2}\rightarrow {\rm S3}\hfill}}}$) were deduced.
Pyranoside‐into‐Furanoside Rearrangement: New Reaction in Carbohydrate Chemistry and Its Application in Oligosaccharide Synthesis
Authors: Krylov Vadim B. , Argunov Dmitry A. , Vinnitskiy Dmitry Z. , Verkhnyatskaya Stella A. , Gerbst Alexey G. , Ustyuzhanina Nadezhda E. , Dmitrenok Andrey S. , Huebner Johannes , Holst Otto , Siebert Hans‐Christian , Nifantiev Nikolay E. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractGreat interest in natural furanoside‐containing compounds has challenged the development of preparative methods for their synthesis. Herein a novel reaction in carbohydrate chemistry, namely a pyranoside‐into‐furanoside (PIF) rearrangement permitting the transformation of selectively O‐substituted pyranosides into the corresponding furanosides is reported. The discovered process includes acid‐promoted sulfation accompanied by rearrangement of the pyranoside ring into a furanoside ring followed by solvolytic O‐desulfation. This process, which has no analogy in organic chemistry, was shown to be a very useful tool for the synthesis of furanoside‐containing complex oligosaccharides, which was demonstrated by synthesizing disaccharide derivatives α‐D‐Galp‐(1→3)‐β‐D‐Galf‐OPr, 3‐O‐s‐lactyl‐β‐D‐Galf‐(1→3)‐β‐D‐Glcp‐OPr, and α‐L‐Fucf‐(1→4)‐β‐D‐GlcpA‐OPr related to polysaccharides from the bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterococcus faecalis and the brown seaweed Chordaria flagelliformis.
Influence of Dose and Route of Administration on the Enantioselective Pharmacokinetics of TJ0711 Hydrochloride in Rats
Authors: Sun Shuping , Fan Zhaoze , Hu Lei , Ma Yiming , Si Luqin , Qiu Jun , Li Gao 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe enantioselective pharmacokinetics of TJ0711 hydrochloride were studied in rats given different doses of rac‐TJ0711 hydrochloride via intravenous and oral routes. R‐ and S‐TJ0711 hydrochloride were both rapidly absorbed, and the average AUC0‐∞ of R‐TJ0711 hydrochloride was greater than that of S‐TJ0711 hydrochloride after intragastric administration, with an R/S AUC ratio 1.11 and 1.35 for 30 and 50 mg/kg dose group, respectively. In contrast, the average AUC0‐∞ of R‐TJ0711 hydrochloride was smaller than that of S‐TJ0711 hydrochloride after intravenous injection, with an R/S AUC ratio 0.57 and 0.73 for 10 and 20 mg/kg dose group, respectively. R‐TJ0711 hydrochloride plasma half‐lives were shorter than those of S‐TJ0711 hydrochloride for all groups. AUC0‐4h and Cmax between the two enantiomers were significantly different after oral administration of 50 mg/kg dose of the racemate, while no significant differences between the two enantiomers were found for all the pharmacokinetic parameters of the 30 mg/kg dose group. Significant differences between the two enantiomers were detected for nearly all the pharmacokinetic parameters after intravenous administration, except for the VZ of 20 mg/kg dose group. This study suggests that dose and route of administration will influence the enantioselectivity in the pharmacokinetics of TJ0711 hydrochloride in rats. Chirality 27:53–57, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Isolation, Stereochemical Study, and Cytotoxic Activity of Isobenzofuran Derivatives From a Marine Streptomyces sp.
Authors: Zhang Shu‐Min , Zhang Hong‐Yu , Yang Sheng‐Xiang , Qu Cheng‐Lei , Xie Ze‐Ping , Pescitelli Gennaro 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA new 1,3‐dihydroisobenzofuran derivative (1), together with its epimer (2), was isolated from marine Streptomyces sp. W007. The structure of the two compounds was established by extensive spectroscopic analysis and comparison with reported data. The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were determined by a combination of experimental and computational means, including J‐coupling analysis and nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY) spectra, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) calculations, electronic circular dichroism (ECD), and optical rotation (OR) calculations. Compound 1 had no cytotoxicity against human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549, while compound 2 exhibited weak activity, suggesting that the biological activity depends on the configuration of a single chirality center. Chirality 27:82–87, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
[3H]UR‐DE257: Development of a Tritium‐Labeled Squaramide‐Type Selective Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonist
Authors: Baumeister Paul , Erdmann Daniela , Biselli Sabrina , Kagermeier Nicole , Elz Sigurd , Bernhardt Günther , Buschauer Armin 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA series of new piperidinomethylphenoxypropylamine‐type histamine H2 receptor (H2R) antagonists with different substituted “urea equivalents” was synthesized and characterized in functional in vitro assays. Based on these data as selection criteria, radiosynthesis of N‐[6‐(3,4‐dioxo‐2‐{3‐[3‐(piperidin‐1‐ylmethyl)phenoxy]propylamino}cyclobut‐1‐enylamino)hexyl]‐(2,3‐3H2)propionic amide ([3H]UR‐DE257) was performed. The radioligand (specific activity: 63 Ci mmol−1) had high affinity for human, rat, and guinea pig H2R (hH2R, Sf9 cells: Kd, saturation binding: 31 nM, kinetic studies: 20 nM). UR‐DE257 revealed high H2R selectivity on membranes of Sf9 cells, expressing the respective hHxR subtype (Ki values: hH1R: >10 000 nM, hH2R: 28 nM, hH3R: 3800 nM, hH4R: >10 000 nM). In spite of insurmountable antagonism, probably due to rebinding of [3H]UR‐DE257 to the H2R (extended residence time), the title compound proved to be a valuable pharmacological tool for the determination of H2R affinities in competition binding assays.
A Fluorescent and Colorimetric Sensor for Nanomolar Detection of Co2+ in Water
Authors: Kuwar Anil , Patil Rahul , Singh Amanpreet , Bendre Ratnamala , Singh Narinder 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA new disulfide‐based, imine‐linked fluorescent receptor 1 was processed into organic nanoparticles (ONPs) with an average particle size of 79 nm. The photophysical properties of the ONPs were evaluated by UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy. Receptor 1 selectively recognized Co2+ ions in water with a detection limit down to 88 nm.
Comparative Studies on Rigid π Linker‐Based Organic Dyes: Structure–Property Relationships and Photovoltaic Performance
Authors: Li Hairong , Koh Teck Ming , Hao Yan , Zhou Feng , Abe Yuichiro , Su Haibin , Hagfeldt Anders , Grimsdale Andrew C. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA series of six structurally correlated donor–π bridge–acceptor organic dyes were designed, synthesized, and applied as sensitizers in dye‐sensitized solar cells. Using the most widely studied donor (triarylamine) and cyclopenta[1,2‐b:5,4‐b′]dithiophene or cyclopenta[1,2‐b:5,4‐b′]dithiophene[2′,1′:4,5]thieno[2,3‐d]thiophene as π spacers, their structure–property relationships were investigated in depth by photophysical techniques and theoretical calculations. It was found that the photovoltaic performance of these dyes largely depends on their electronic structures, which requires synergistic interaction between donors and acceptors. Increasing the electron richness of the donor or the elongation of π‐conjugated bridges does not necessarily lead to higher performance. Rather, it is essential to rationally design the dyes by balancing their light‐harvesting capability with achieving suitable energy levels to guarantee unimpeded charge separation and transport.
A Short History of Atomic Layer Deposition: Tuomo Suntola's Atomic Layer Epitaxy
Authors: Puurunen Riikka L. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAtomic layer deposition (ALD) is a thin film growth technique based on the repeated use of separate, saturating gas‐solid reactions. The principle of ALD has been discovered twice; in the 1960s under the name “molecular layering” in the Soviet Union, and in the 1970s under the name “atomic layer epitaxy” (ALE) in Finland. In 2014, it is forty years since the filing of the worldwide patent on ALE as a method for the growth of compound thin films. This essay celebrates the fortieth anniversary of ALE‐ALD, briefly telling the story of ALE as shared by its Finnish inventor, Dr. Tuomo Suntola. Initially, ALE was aimed at the growth of high‐quality polycrystalline ZnS thin films for electroluminescent (EL) display panels. Gradually, the material selection of ALE increased, and the application areas were extended to photovoltaics, catalysis, semiconductor devices, and beyond. Fast, production‐worthy ALE reactors were imperative for industrial success. The unprejudiced creation of new technologies and products with ALE, initiated by Dr. Tuomo Suntola and led by him until early 1998, are an integral part of the Finnish industrial history, the fruits of which are seen today in numerous applications worldwide.
Comparison of Antidepressant‐Like and Abuse‐Related Effects of Phencyclidine in Rats
Authors: Hillhouse Todd M. , Porter Joseph H. , Negus S. Stevens 
Published: October 2014

Abstract

Preclinical Research

N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists, such as ketamine, have emerged as novel candidate treatments for major depressive disorder, but abuse potential of these agents is a concern. The NMDA antagonist phencyclidine has known abuse liability but undefined efficacy as an antidepressant. To further evaluate the relationship between antidepressant‐like and abuse‐related effects of NMDA antagonists, this study evaluated the effects of phencyclidine (1.0–10.0 mg/kg) in male Sprague‐Dawley rats responding under two procedures that have been used to assess antidepressant‐like effects (differential‐reinforcement‐of‐low‐rate [DRL] 72 s schedule of food reinforcement; n = 9) and abuse‐related drug effects (intracranial self‐stimulation [ICSS]; n = 6). Under the DRL 72 s schedule, phencyclidine (10.0 mg/kg) increased reinforcers and decreased responses without shifting the peak location of the interresponse time (IRT) distribution. Ketamine (10.0 mg/kg) also increased reinforcers and decreased responses, but unlike phencyclidine, it produced a rightward shift in the peak location of the IRT distribution. The 10.0 mg/kg phencyclidine dose that decreased DRL 72 s responding also decreased rates of ICSS for 50 min after its administration; however, abuse‐related ICSS facilitation was observed at later times (100–300 min) or after a lower phencyclidine dose (3.2 mg/kg). These results suggest that phencyclidine produces weaker antidepressant‐like effects, but stronger abuse‐related effects than ketamine in these procedures.