bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population and spatial dynamics of desert bighorn sheep in Grand Canyon during an outbreak of respiratory pneumonia
Authors: Epps Clinton W. , Holton P. Brandon , Monello Ryan J. , Crowhurst Rachel S. , Gaulke Sarah M. , Janousek William M. , Creech Tyler G. , Graves Tabitha A. 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionTerrestrial species in riverine ecosystems face unique constraints leading to diverging patterns of population structure, connectivity, and disease dynamics. Desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis nelsoni) in Grand Canyon National Park, a large native population in the southwestern USA, offer a unique opportunity to evaluate population patterns and processes in a remote riverine system with ongoing anthropogenic impacts. We integrated non-invasive, invasive, and citizen-science methods to address questions on abundance, distribution, disease status, genetic structure, and habitat fragmentation.MethodsWe compiled bighorn sightings collected during river trips by park staff, commercial guides, and private citizens from 2000–2018 and captured bighorn in 2010–2016 to deploy GPS collars and test for disease. From 2011–2015, we non-invasively collected fecal samples and genotyped them at 9–16 microsatellite loci for individual identification and genetic structure. We used assignment tests to evaluate genetic structure and identify subpopulations, then estimated gene flow and recent migration to evaluate fragmentation. We used spatial capture-recapture to estimate annual population size, distribution, and trends after accounting for spatial variation in detection with a resource selection function model.Results and discussionFrom 2010–2018, 3,176 sightings of bighorn were reported, with sightings of 56–145 bighorn annually on formal surveys. From 2012–2016, bighorn exhibiting signs of respiratory disease were observed along the river throughout the park. Of 25 captured individuals, 56% were infected by Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae, a key respiratory pathogen, and 81% were recently exposed. Pellet sampling for population estimation from 2011–2015 yielded 1,250 genotypes and 453 individuals. We detected 6 genetic clusters that exhibited mild to moderate genetic structure (FST 0.022–0.126). The river, distance, and likely topography restricted recent gene flow, but we detected cross-river movements in one section via genetic recaptures, no subpopulation appeared completely isolated, and genetic diversity was among the highest reported. Recolonization of one large stretch of currently empty habitat appears limited by the constrained topology of this system. Annual population estimates ranged 536–552 (95% CrI range 451–647), lamb:ewe ratios varied, and no significant population decline was detected. We provide a multi-method sampling framework useful for sampling other wildlife in remote riverine systems.
Proteomic and metabolomic profiling of methicillin resistant versus methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus using a simultaneous extraction protocol
Authors: Boucherabine Syrine , Giddey Alexander , Nassar Rania , Al-Hroub Hamza M. , Mohamed Lobna , Harb Mohammad , Soares Nelson Cruz , Senok Abiola 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundUnderstanding the biology of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is crucial to unlocking insights for new targets in our fight against this antimicrobial resistant priority pathogen. Although proteomics and metabolomic profiling offer the potential to elucidating such biological markers, reports of methodological approaches for carrying this out in S. aureus isolates remain limited. We describe the use of a dual-functionality methanol extraction method for the concurrent extraction of protein and metabolites from S. aureus and report on the comparative analysis of the proteomic and metabolomic profiles of MRSA versus methicillin sensitive S. aureus (MSSA).MethodsBacterial reference strains MRSA ATCC43300 and MSSA ATCC25923 were used. The conventional urea methodology was used for protein extraction and a methanol based method was used for concurrent proteins and metabolites extraction. Proteomic and metabolomic profiling was carried out using TimsTOF mass spectrometry. Data processing was carried out using the MaxQuant version 2.1.4.0.ResultsThis study represents the first report on the utilization of the methanol extraction method for concurrent protein and metabolite extraction in Gram positive bacteria. Our findings demonstrate good performance of the method for the dual extraction of proteins and metabolites from S. aureus with demonstration of reproducibility. Comparison of MRSA and MSSA strains revealed 407 proteins with significantly different expression levels. Enrichment analysis of those proteins revealed distinct pathways involved in fatty acid degradation, metabolism and beta-lactam resistance. Penicillin-binding protein PBP2a, the key determinant of MRSA resistance, exhibited distinct expression patterns in MRSA isolates. Metabolomic analysis identified 146 metabolites with only one exclusive to the MRSA. The enriched pathways identified were related to arginine metabolism and biosynthesis.ConclusionOur findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the methanol-based dual-extraction method, providing simultaneous insights into the proteomic and metabolomic landscapes of S. aureus strains. These findings demonstrate the utility of proteomic and metabolomic profiling for elucidating the biological basis of antimicrobial resistance.
Association between oxidative balance score and skeletal muscle mass and strength: NHANES from 2011 to 2018
Authors: Zhao Xiaoxuan , Hua Lijiangshan , Jin Kaili , Sun Qiuhua , Wang Rongyun 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveOxidative stress is a risk factor for sarcopenia. The Oxidative Balance Score (OBS) is a widely employed tool for evaluating the oxidative stress-related exposures from dietary and lifestyle factors. In this study, we aimed to conducted to explore the relationship between OBS and skeletal muscle mass and strength.Methods6,438 subjects from 2011 to 2018 and 5,414 from 2011 to 2014 from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were selected for analysis. The correlations between OBS and skeletal muscle mass and handgrip strength were investigated using multivariate logistic regression and linear regression analysis.ResultsCompared with lowest OBS, participants with OBS in the highest quartile had lower risk of low skeletal muscle mass (OR = 0.173 (0.120 ~ 0.248), p &lt; 0.0001) and low handgrip strength (β = 0.173 (0.120 ~ 0.248), p = 0.011). The negative association also were found between dietary/lifestyle OBS and skeletal muscle mass (OR = 0.268 (0.178 ~ 0.404), p &lt; 0.0001; OR = 0.231 (0.130 ~ 0.410), p &lt; 0.0001) and handgrip strength (β = 1.812 (0.555 ~ 3.071), p = 0.008; β = −2.255 (−3.430 ~ −1.079), p &lt; 0.001) independently. The positive association remains significant, especially among men and those with higher education levels by subgroup analysis.ConclusionAll of these results indicated a negative association between OBS and low skeletal muscle mass and handgrip strength. An antioxidant-rich diet and healthy lifestyle are crucial for enhancing skeletal muscle mass and strength.
Low progesterone receptor levels in high-grade DCIS correlate with HER2 upregulation and the presence of invasive components
Authors: Schandiz Hossein , Farkas Lorant , Park Daehoon , Liu Yan , Andersen Solveig N. , Geisler Jürgen , Sauer Torill 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveIn this study, we investigated pivotal molecular markers in human high-grade breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Expression status of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth receptor 2 (HER2) was measured among various subtypes (Luminal (Lum) A, LumB HER2-, LumB HER2+, HER2-enriched and triple-negative).MethodsIn total, 357 DCIS cases were classified into respective subtypes, according to the 2013 St. Gallen guidelines. Each subtype was categorized into three subcategories: “Pure” (those without an invasive component), “W/invasive” (those with an invasive component), and “All” (the entire group of the given subtype). ER and PR expression were registered as intervals. Equivocal HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) cases (2+) were further investigated using dual-color in situ hybridization.ResultsThe majority of patients (71%) were over the age of 50. We discovered no significant differences in the proportion of age between the “Pure” and “W/invasive” groups. There was no significant difference in ER/PR expression between “Pure” luminal subtypes of DCIS and “W/invasive” cases. We compared the HER2 IHC scores of “0”, “1+”, and “2+” among LumA and LumB HER2 subtypes and identified no statistically significant differences between “Pure” and “W/invasive” (p = 0.603). ER and PR expression ≥ 50% cutoff value was present in &gt; 90% of all LumA cases. The incidences of cases with ER expression at cutoff values of &lt; 10% and ≥ 50% in LumA were significantly different compared to other luminal subtypes (p &lt; 0.0001). The proportion of cases with PR expression &lt; 20% showed significant differences in the various luminal subtypes. In luminal B subtypes, low PR expression (&lt; 20%) was significantly associated with both strong HER2 expression (3+) and the presence of an invasive component (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.0365, respectively).ConclusionsER and PR expression at ≥ 50% cutoff values were found in more than 90% of LumA cases. Samples with ER &lt; 10% and ≥ 50% in LumA were significantly different compared to other luminal subtypes (p &lt; 0.0001). Low PR expression in high-grade DCIS was strongly associated with HER2 overexpression (3+) and an invasive component (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.0365, respectively).
Multiple immune-related adverse events secondary to checkpoint inhibitor therapy in patients with advanced cancer: association with treatment effectiveness
Authors: Olsson Ladjevardi Cecilia , Koliadi Anthoula , Rydén Viktoria , El-Naggar Ali Inan , Digkas Evangelos , Valachis Antonios , Ullenhag Gustav J. 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionCheckpoint inhibitors (CPI) are widely used in cancer treatment with a potential of causing immune-related adverse events (IRAEs). Several studies have reported a positive correlation between development of IRAEs and improved survival outcome. However, few studies have focused on the potential role of multiple IRAEs on treatment effectiveness. This study aimed at investigating the association between multiple IRAEs and treatment effectiveness in terms of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in advanced cancer patients.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study at three Swedish centers. All patients (n=600) treated with PD-L1 or PD-1 inhibitor, in monotherapy or in combination for advanced cancer between January 2017 and December 2021 were included. Multiple IRAEs were defined as IRAEs involving more than one organ system either simultaneously or sequentially. Time-depending Cox-regression model to mitigate the risk for immortal time bias (ITB) was applied.ResultsThe major tumor types were non-small cell lung cancer (205 patients; 34.2%) and malignant melanoma (196 patients; 32.7%). Of all patients,32.8% developed single IRAE and 16.2% multiple IRAEs. Patients with multiple IRAEs showed significantly improved PFS (Hazard Ratio, HR=0.78 95% Confidence Interval, CI: 0.57–0.98) and OS (HR=0.65 95% CI: 0.44–0.95) compared to patients with single IRAE or no IRAE (HR=0.46 95% CI:0.34–0.62 for PFS vs HR=0.41 95% CI: 0.28-0.60 for OS).ConclusionIn conclusion, our data supports a stronger association between development of multiple as opposed to single IRAEs and clinical effectiveness in advanced cancer patients treated with CPIs.
Stannous fluoride forms aggregates between outer and inner membranes leading to membrane rupture of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella pallens
Authors: Xie Sancai , Iberi Vighter , Boissy Ying , Tansky Cheryl S. , Huggins Tom , Ramji Niranjan , Biesbrock Aaron R. 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveStannous has been shown to bind to free lipopolysaccharides, thus preventing them from binding to TLR receptors. This study was undertaken to determine the histomorphological mechanism of stannous binding to anaerobic bacteria.MethodsTwo bacteria associated with gingivitis and advanced periodontal disease, Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and Prevotella pallens (P. pallens), were cultured in 25–1,000 μM of stannous fluoride and stannous chloride for 48 h. The growth rate was estimated using absorbance OD600. Bacterial cells were then fixed and processed for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis.ResultsStannous fluoride inhibited proliferation of both P. gingivalis and P. pallens in a dose-dependent manner. There was a statistically significant suppression of the growth curve starting at 100 μM for P. pallens (P = 0.050) and 200 μM for P. gingivalis (P = 0.039). TEM analysis revealed a thick layer of polysaccharides (19.8 nm) in P. gingivalis. The outer and inner membranes were clearly visible with low electron densities in both bacteria. Stannous diffused into bacterial membranes and formed precipitates in the areas spanning outer and inner membranes and below inner membranes. Precipitates varied in size ranging from 46.4 to 84.5 nm in length, and 18.4 to 35.9 nm in width. The membranes were disintegrated in the region where stannous formed precipitates. Cytosolic contents were leaked out, and in several cases, small vesicles were formed. Stannous precipitates were more abundant in numbers and larger in size in bacteria treated with high concentrations (100–300 μM) than in low concentrations (25–50 μM) of stannous fluoride. Furthermore, most of the bacteria were disintegrated in the groups treated with 100–300 μM stannous fluoride. At low concentrations (25 μM), stannous fluoride formed complexes primarily around outer membranes, to which lipopolysaccharides are anchored. Stannous chloride results showed similar trends, but it was less potent than stannous fluoride.ConclusionStannous fluoride can penetrate bacteria, bind to the constituents of the membrane and form precipitates between outer and inner membranes and beneath inner membranes. These large precipitates damaged the integrity of membranes and allowed cytosolic contents to be leaked out. Stannous complexes formed at the outer membranes, even at low concentrations (25 μM).
Investigating college students' green food consumption intentions in China: integrating the Theory of Planned Behavior and Norm Activation Theory
Authors: He Jiaxin , Sui Dangchen 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionThe global trend toward consuming green food is on the rise. College students, as the future consumer base, have sparked significant interest in their inclination toward consuming environmentally-friendly foods. This paper integrates the Theory of Planned Behavior with the Norm Activation Theory to investigate the factors influencing college students' propensity to choose green foods, establishing a comprehensive model.MethodsThis study utilized online and paper questionnaires for data collection, distributing them among college students and receiving 350 valid responses. In the data analysis phase, SPSS was employed for statistical data analysis, including descriptive statistics and regression analysis, while AMOS was used for structural equation modeling.Results and discussionThe data analysis results indicate that subjective norms, behavioral attitudes, and individual norms have a significant positive influence on college students' inclination to purchase green food. Purchase intention is indirectly influenced by personal norms and behavioral attitudes through perceptions of consequences. Responsibility attribution indirectly impacts purchase intention of green food through personal norms. Personal norms are indirectly influenced by responsibility attribution through perceptions of consequences.
Owner experience and veterinary involvement with unlicensed GS-441524 treatment of feline infectious peritonitis: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Negash Rosa , Li Emma , Jacque Nicole , Novicoff Wendy , Evans Samantha J. M. 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionFeline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) has historically been a fatal coronavirus disease in cats. In recent years, the therapeutic agent GS-441524, developed by Gilead Sciences, was found to be a successful treatment for FIP in most patients in clinical trials. However, this particular drug has remained stalled in the therapeutic pipeline, leaving patients and cat owners without a licensed medication. In the meantime, online social media platforms began to emerge, connecting cat owners with a community of citizen non-veterinary professionals sourcing unlicensed GS-441524.MethodsThis study prospectively followed participants (N = 141) that successfully completed 12 weeks of treatment, capturing their treatment experiences with self-administered GS-441524-like medication. A one-time survey was administered to enrolled participants with mixed format of questions (open-ended and multiple-choice) asking about treatment administration techniques, observed side effects of GS-441524, accrued cost, veterinarian involvement, impact on the cat-human bond, and social media usage.ResultsOur results show cat owners experienced a shift in treatment modality from injectable GS-441524 to pill formulation across the treatment period. The average total cost of medication has decreased since 2021 to approximately USD 3100, and participants reported the human–animal bond being affected negatively. Additionally, there was an increased trend in veterinarian awareness of GS-441524-like therapeutics and monitoring of clients undergoing treatment. Social media usage was reported as being important at the beginning of treatment to establish treatment administration but lessened by the end of treatment.DiscussionThis study is the first detailed, prospective account of owner experiences with unlicensed GS-441524, raising an important discussion surrounding citizen veterinary medicine.
Effect of Replacing Fishmeal with Algal Meal on Growth Parameters and Meat Composition in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss W.)
Authors: Velichkova Katya , Sirakov Ivaylo , Stoyanova Stefka , Simitchiev Apostol , Yovchev David , Stamatova-Yovcheva Kamelia 
Published: June 2024

Aquafarms should reduce the use of fishmeal and fish oil in nutritional feed. One such accessible and relatively inexpensive food component that could successfully meet the challenge posed by aquaculture is algae. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the algae meal inclusion of Chlorella and Spirulina sp. in a diet for rainbow trout, evaluating its effects on fish growth, histological parameters and fillet quality. Experiments were carried out to replace 50% and 100% of fishmeal with Spirulina sp. and Chlorella vulgaris in feed for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss W.) cultured in a recirculation system. At the end of the experimental period, the highest mean live weight was measured in rainbow trout fed a feed containing 50% algal meal in the feed. The absorptive vacuolization of cells was increased the most and lamina propria was average thickened when fed 50% algae diets. Fat droplets in the hepatocytes were larger in the 50% algae meal fed group, and their nuclei were replaced in the peripheral zone of the cells. Substitution of fishmeal with 50% algal meal in fish feed resulted in a 36.44% reduction in the lipid content of rainbow trout fillets compared to control fish.
Varietal Susceptibility of Olive to Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi and the Antibacterial Potential of Plant-Based Agents
Authors: Košćak Laura , Lamovšek Janja , Lukić Marina , Kovačević Tvrtko Karlo , Đermić Edyta , Goreta Ban Smiljana , Major Nikola , Godena Sara 
Published: June 2024

Olive knot disease, caused by the bacterium Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi, causes great damage in olive orchards. While control measures of P. savastanoi pv. savastanoi in olive orchards primarily rely on pruning and copper-based treatments, the use of antibiotics as bactericidal preparations in agriculture is limited and highly restricted. However, plants are naturally endowed with protective molecules, such as phenolic compounds, which defend them against herbivores, insects, and microorganisms. This research aimed to test the virulence of five strains of P. savastanoi pv. savastanoi isolated from different growing regions and olive varieties, and to examine whether there is a difference in plant susceptibility based on the variety. An additional goal was to test the antimicrobial activity of olive mill wastewater, known for its high content of phenolic compounds, and aqueous garlic hydrolysate, as well as to compare them with a commercial copper-based product, pure hydroxytyrosol, and a standard antibiotic as references. Analysis of knot characteristics showed variations in the virulence of the P. savastanoi pv. savastanoi strains, with the highest virulence being observed for the strain I7L and the lowest virulence for the strain B45C-PR. The olive cultivar Rosinjola displayed higher susceptibility compared to Frantoio, Buža, and Leccino, while cv. Istarska bjelica exhibited the least susceptibility compared to the other investigated olive cultivars. In an attempt to explore alternative solutions for disease control, in vitro tests revealed that the phenol HTyr, GE, and the wastewater with the highest total phenolic content (cv. Istarska bjelica) possess the highest antibacterial activity. This supports the role of polyphenols in host defense, aligning with previous field observations of lower susceptibility of cv. Istarska bjelica to olive knot disease. These findings highlight the complex nature of olive knot interactions with bacterial strains and olive cultivars, simultaneously accentuating and underscoring the importance of considering the host’s defenses as well as bacterial virulence in disease management strategies.
Association between metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and periodontal pathology: a systematic review
Authors: Senina V. O. , Usmanova I. N. , Lakman I. А. , Gerasimova L. P. , Tuigunov М. М. , Ishmukhametova A. N. , Avzaletdinova D. Sh. , Kuznetsova L. I. 
Published: June 2024

Relevance. The metabolic syndrome (MS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are significant concerns in modern medicine due to their high prevalence in the general population and their crucial role in the development and progression of inflammatory periodontal diseases.Purpose. To investigate the association between periodontal diseases and the manifestations of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Materials and methods. The metabolic syndrome (MS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are significant concerns in modern medicine due to their high prevalence in the general population and their crucial role in the development and progression of inflammatory periodontal diseases.Results. Out of 71 analysed sources, 39.1% of the studies discussed the prevalence of these metabolic diseases. In the majority of the studies (50%), the relationship between periodontal pathology and metabolic diseases related to insulin resistance and T2DM, glycaemia levels, dyslipidaemia, and fat tissue metabolism was examined. In 49.3% of the reviewed publications, data on the state of the subgingival microbiota, gingival sulcus, and saliva were presented.Conclusion. The analysis of contemporary literature sources revealed a broad interaction between metabolic diseases and periodontal pathology, highlighting their shared pathogenetic processes and providing data on glycaemic control, the condition of the oral fluid microbiota, and periodontal pockets.