bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of lichen and moss samples by the EDXRF method
Authors: Zuzaan P. , Batsuren Z. , Enkhtuya O. , Sosorburam E. , Damdinsuren Bolortuya 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis research presents the contents of K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, and Pb in lichen and moss samples used as biomonitors of air pollution collected in Ulaanbaatar city. X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) methods were used, employing for excitation a Pd X‐ray tube with a molybdenum secondary target. Matrix effects were corrected by the use of normalization for the coherent and incoherent scattered peak, in this way the determination is more efficient. For quality control of the results, comparisons were made with results from other certified laboratories. No significant differences were found between the different techniques. The elemental distribution patterns obtained for each metal were associated with different pollution sources, thus contributing to the assessment of air pollution in Ulaanbaatar.
Horizon phase spaces in general relativity
Authors: Chandrasekaran Venkatesa , Flanagan Éanna É. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We derive a prescription for the phase space of general relativity on two intersecting null surfaces using the null initial value formulation. The phase space allows generic smooth initial data, and the corresponding boundary symmetry group is the semidirect product of the group of arbitrary diffeomorphisms of each null boundary which coincide at the corner, with a group of reparameterizations of the null generators. The phase space can be consistently extended by acting with half-sided boosts that generate Weyl shocks along the initial data surfaces. The extended phase space includes the relative boost angle between the null surfaces as part of the initial data.We then apply the Wald-Zoupas framework to compute gravitational charges and fluxes associated with the boundary symmetries. The non-uniqueness in the charges can be reduced to two free parameters by imposing covariance and invariance under rescalings of the null normals. We show that the Wald-Zoupas stationarity criterion cannot be used to eliminate the non-uniqueness. The different choices of parameters correspond to different choices of polarization on the phase space. We also derive the symmetry groups and charges for two subspaces of the phase space, the first obtained by fixing the direction of the normal vectors, and the second by fixing the direction and normalization of the normal vectors. The second symmetry group consists of Carrollian diffeomorphisms on the two boundaries.Finally we specialize to future event horizons by imposing the condition that the area element be non-decreasing and become constant at late times. For perturbations about stationary backgrounds we determine the independent dynamical degrees of freedom by solving the constraint equations along the horizons. We mod out by the degeneracy directions of the presymplectic form, and apply a similar procedure for weak non-degeneracies, to obtain the horizon edge modes and the Poisson structure. We show that the area operator of the black hole generates a shift in the relative boost angle under the Poisson bracket.
Loops of loops expansion in the amplituhedron
Authors: Brown Taro V. , Oktem Umut , Paranjape Shruti , Trnka Jaroslav 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We study a novel geometric expansion for scattering amplitudes in the planar sector of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 super Yang-Mills theory, in the context of the Amplituhedron which reproduces the all-loop integrand as a canonical differential form on the positive geometry. In a paper by Arkani-Hamed, Henn and one of the authors, it was shown that this result can be recast in terms of negative geometries with a certain hierarchy of loops (closed cycles) in the space of loop momenta, represented by lines in momentum twistor space. One can then calculate an all-loop order result in the approximation where only tree graphs in the space of all loops are considered. Furthermore, using differential equation methods, it is possible to calculate and resum integrated expressions and obtain strong coupling results. In this paper, we provide a more general framework for the ‘loops of loops’ expansion and outline a powerful method for the determination of differential forms for higher-order geometries. We solve the problem completely for graphs with one internal cycle, but the method can be used more generally for other geometries.
$$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 conformal supergravity in five dimensions
Authors: Adhikari Soumya , Sahoo Bindusar 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
$$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 conformal supergravity in five dimensions is constructed via a systematic off-shell reduction scheme from maximal conformal supergravity in six dimensions which is (2, 0). The dimensional reduction of the (2, 0) Weyl multiplet in six dimensions gives us the Weyl multiplet in five dimensions which is a dilaton Weyl multiplet as it has a dilaton scalar. The dimensional reduction of the (2, 0) tensor multiplet in six dimensions gives us the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 vector multiplet in five dimensions coupled to conformal supergravity. We also comment on Nahm’s classification regarding the non-existence of an $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 superconformal algebra in five dimensions and why it does not contradict the existence of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 conformal supergravity in five dimensions that is constructed in this paper.
Dressing fields for supersymmetry: the cases of the Rarita-Schwinger and gravitino fields
Authors: François J. , Ravera L. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this paper we argue that the gauge-fixing conditions typically used to extract the (off-shell) degrees of freedom of the Rarita-Schwinger spinor-vector and gravitino, respectively in rigid supersymmetric field theory and supergravity, are actually instances of the dressing field method of symmetry reduction. Since the latter has a natural relation interpretation, solving the “gauge-fixing condition” — or, better, “dressing functional constraints” — actually realises the Rarita-Schwinger spinor-vector and the gravitino fields as (non-local) relational variables. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first application of the dressing field method to supersymmetric theories.
Increasing road cover in urban areas is associated with greater midgut histological damage in a primitively eusocial bee
Authors: Ferrari A. , Polidori C. , Trisoglio C. F. , Bonasoro F. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUrbanisation is associated with air and soil pollution, particularly from heavy metals. One of the tissues most exposed to such pollutants is the midgut epithelium as insects may ingest these pollutants with food. Bees are one of the most important urban insects, providing important ecosystem services such as pollination. However, to the best of our knowledge, no studies have investigated the possible histological alterations to the midgut epithelium of bees caused by urbanisation. We sampled workers of the ground-nesting, primitively eusocial bee Halictus scabiosae in a large metropolis (Milan), with the aim to test if individuals from areas characterised by higher urbanisation and consequently higher pollution levels—defined here by a greater proportion of roads—exhibit greater histological tissue and cellular alterations in the midgut epithelium. We obtained semi-thin sections of the midgut through histological techniques, and then adopted a semi-quantitative approach to assess morphological damage. The midgut presented a range of histological alterations including epithelium disorganisation, vacuolisation, and nucleus karyorrhexis (one of the stages of cellular death). We found higher histological damage score (calculated taking into account all found alterations) and frequency of karyorrhectic nuclei in sites with a higher proportion of roads (i.e. more urbanised). The observed alterations may underline a potential impairment of the digestive function in highly urbanised areas.
The prevalence of misophonia in a representative population-based survey in Germany
Authors: Pfeiffer Elisa , Allroggen Marc , Sachser Cedric 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Misophonia is a new disorder, currently defined as significant emotional and physiological distress when exposed to certain sounds. Although there is a growing body of literature on the characteristics of the disorder, the prevalence in the general population is still relatively unknown. This study therefore aims at determining the prevalence and symptom severity of misophonia in a large and representative general population sample in Germany.

Methods
To examine the prevalence of misophonic sounds, misophonic reactions and misophonia severity, a cross-sectional population representative survey in Germany has been conducted. Participants (N = 2.522) were questioned retrospectively about misophonic symptoms using the Amsterdam Misophonie Scale – Revised (AMISOS-R).

Results
Overall 33.3% reported to be sensitive to at least one specific misophonic sound. Within the total sample, subthreshold symptoms were reported by 21.3%, mild symptoms were reported by 9.9%, moderate to severe symptoms were reported by 2.1%, and severe to extreme symptoms were reported in 0.1% of participants.

Conclusion
Based on the diverging presentations and prevalence rates of misophonic sounds, reactions and symptoms according to the severity, it seems worthwhile to conceptualize misophonia as a rather continuous spectrum disorder (subthreshold, mild, moderate to severe), still taking into account that an additional categorical diagnostic approach might be necessary to derive a diagnosis in clinical practice.
Electrochemical synthesis of poly(6,7-diphenyl-4,9-di(selenophen-2-yl)-[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-g]quinoxaline-co-3,3-didecyl-3,4-propylenedioxythiophene) and its electrochemical and optical characterizations
Authors: Smail Sardar Kareem , Gokce Gurcan , Icli Ozkut Merve 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this study, electrochemical copolymerization of 6,7-diphenyl-4,9-di(selenophen-2-yl)-[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-g]quinoxaline and 3,3’-didecyl-3,4-propylenedioxythiophene is carried out to obtain a copolymer namely poly(6,7-diphenyl-4,9-di(selenophen-2-yl)-[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-g]quinoxaline-co-3,3’-didecyl-3,4-propylenedioxythiophene). Two distinct copolymers, PC1 and PC2, were produced as a result of the utilization of two different feed ratios. Copolymers were examined electrochemically and spectroelectrochemically after the copolymerization procedure. This study’s major goal is to combine the exceptional characteristics of homopolymers P1 and P2 (P1 has a low band gap but is not soluble, and P2 is soluble and has a larger band gap) into a single copolymeric material.
Dynamics of a 3-D inlet/isolator measured with fast pressure-sensitive paint
Authors: Bustard Andrew N. , Noftz Mark E. , Hasegawa Mitsugu , Sakaue Hirotaka , Jewell Joseph S. , Bisek Nicholas J. , Juliano Thomas J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFast pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) was applied to an inlet/isolator designed using the Osculating Internal Waverider Inlet with Parallel Streamlines (OIWPS) method. The dorsal isolator surface pressure was measured using anodized-aluminum PSP through transparent cast acrylic that makes up the ventral portion of the isolator. Temperature-sensitive paint was utilized to correct for the PSP’s temperature sensitivity. The model was tested under Mach 5.7 flow at Re $$=$$
=
8.5 $$\times 10^6$$

×

10
6

/m and 10.2 $$\times 10^6$$

×

10
6

/m in the AFOSR–Notre Dame Large Mach-6 Quiet Tunnel (ANDLM6QT) under conventional noise conditions. Flow phenomena, such as shocks originating in the inlet and flow separation at the throat, were visualized with high spatial resolution. The dynamics measured by the PSP and pressure transducers matched well where the spectral signal-to-noise ratio was above unity. Power spectral densities showed significant frequency content at $$\approx$$
≈
1 kHz in the shock-wave/boundary-layer interaction (SWBLI) regions. Coherence analysis showed a linear relationship between the unsteady pressures at locations underneath different SWBLI in the isolator, with the exception of the Busemann throat shock. Temporal correlation of shock positions indicated that disturbances propagated downstream at 114% of the core-flow velocity; however, improved calculations of the core-flow velocity are needed to refine this assessment. The surface pressure fields at Re = 8.5 $$\times 10^6$$

×

10
6

/m and 10.2 $$\times 10^6$$

×

10
6

/m were quantitatively very similar, and the results in the ANDLM6QT were qualitatively similar to previous studies in the Boeing/AFOSR Mach-6 Quiet Tunnel under noisy flow.
Cluster Validation Based on Fisher’s Linear Discriminant Analysis
Authors: Kächele Fabian , Schneider Nora 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCluster analysis aims to find meaningful groups, called clusters, in data. The objects within a cluster should be similar to each other and dissimilar to objects from other clusters. The fundamental question arising is whether found clusters are “valid clusters” or not. Existing cluster validity indices are computation-intensive, make assumptions about the underlying cluster structure, or cannot detect the absence of clusters. Thus, we present a new cluster validation framework to assess the validity of a clustering and determine the underlying number of clusters $$k^*$$

k
∗

. Within the framework, we introduce a new merge criterion analyzing the data in a one-dimensional projection, which maximizes the ratio of between-cluster- variance to within-cluster-variance in the clusters. Nonetheless, other local methods can be applied as a merge criterion within the framework. Experiments on synthetic and real-world data sets show promising results for both the overall framework and the introduced merge criterion.
A deep dive into enhancing sharing of naturalistic driving data through face deidentification
Authors: Thapa Surendrabikram , Sarkar Abhijit 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHuman factors research in transportation relies on naturalistic driving studies (NDS) which collect real-world data from drivers on actual roads. NDS data offer valuable insights into driving behavior, styles, habits, and safety-critical events. However, these data often contain personally identifiable information (PII), such as driver face videos, which cannot be publicly shared due to privacy concerns. To address this, our paper introduces a comprehensive framework for deidentifying drivers’ face videos, that can facilitate the wide sharing of driver face videos while protecting PII. Leveraging recent advancements in generative adversarial networks (GANs), we explore the efficacy of different face swapping algorithms in preserving essential human factors attributes while anonymizing participants’ identities. Most face swapping algorithms are tested in restricted lighting conditions and indoor settings, there is no known study that tested them in adverse and natural situations. We conducted extensive experiments using large-scale outdoor NDS data, evaluating the quantification of errors associated with head, mouth, and eye movements, along with other attributes important for human factors research. Additionally, we performed qualitative assessments of these methods through human evaluators providing valuable insights into the quality and fidelity of the deidentified videos. We propose the utilization of synthetic faces as substitutes for real faces to enhance generalization. Additionally, we created practical guidelines for video deidentification, emphasizing error threshold creation, spot-checking for abrupt metric changes, and mitigation strategies for reidentification risks. Our findings underscore nuanced challenges in balancing data utility and privacy, offering valuable insights into enhancing face video deidentification techniques in NDS scenarios.
Excisional biopsy of perforated gastric ulcer: mandatory or potentially harmful?
Authors: Koca Faruk , Koch Christine , Schulze Falko , Pession Ursula , Bechstein Wolf O. , Malkomes Patrizia 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the morbidity associated with excisional biopsy in patients with spontaneous gastric perforation.

Methods
A retrospective, single-center, observational study was performed. All consecutive patients with spontaneous gastric perforation who underwent surgical therapy were included. Outcomes were assessed concerning the performance of excisional biopsy.

Results
A total of 135 adult patients were enrolled. Of these, 110 (81.5%) patients underwent excisional biopsy, while 17 (12.6%) did not. The remaining eight (5.9%) patients who underwent gastric resection were excluded from the analysis. Patients undergoing excisional biopsy developed significantly higher rates of postoperative complications (p = 0.007) and experienced more severe complications according to the Clavien-Dindo classification, particularly type III and above (p = 0.017). However, no significant differences were observed regarding in-hospital mortality, reoperation, suture dehiscence, or length of hospital stay.

Conclusion
Excisional biopsy for gastric perforation has been shown to be associated with increased morbidity. Surgical closure followed by early endoscopic biopsy may be a superior approach for gastric perforation management to rule out malignancy.
Improved memory-type ratio estimator for population mean in stratified random sampling under linear and non-linear cost functions
Authors: Pal Arun , Varshney Rahul , Yadav Subhash Kumar , Zaman Tolga 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper offers an improved memory-type ratio estimator in stratified random sampling under linear and non-linear cost functions. The issue is given as all integer non-linear programming problems (AINLPPs). The sampling properties mainly the bias and the mean squared error of the introduced estimator are derived up to the first order of approximation. The optimum value of the characterizing scalar is obtained by the Lagrange method of maxima–minima. The least value of the MSE of the suggested estimator is also obtained for this optimum value of the charactering constant. The suggested estimator is compared both theoretically and empirically with the competing estimators. Under this setup, the optimum allocation with mean square error of the suggested estimator is attained, and the estimator is compared to other comparable estimators. The AINLPP is solved using the genetic programming approach, which is applied to both actual and simulated data sets from a bivariate normal distribution.
Silencing the FABP3 gene in insulin-secreting cells reduces fatty acid uptake and protects against lipotoxicity
Authors: Hyder Ayman , Sheta Basma , Eissa Manar , Schrezenmeir Jürgen 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Long-term exposure of pancreatic islets to fatty acids (FAs), common in obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes, leads to a compensatory hyperactivity followed by inflammation, apoptosis, dysfunctional beta cells, and results in insulin dependence of the patient. Restriction of fatty uptake by islet beta cells may protect them from lipotoxicity.

Purpose
Pancreatic islet beta cells express the fatty acid binding protein 3 (FABP3) to bind FAs and to orchestrate lipid signals. Based on this, we investigated whether downregulation of FABP3, by Fabp3 silencing, might slow lipid metabolism and protect against lipotoxicity in insulin-secreting cells.

Results
Neither Fabp3 silencing, nor overexpression affected the glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in absence of FAs. Fabp3 silencing decreased FA-uptake, lipid droplets formation, and the expression of the lipid accumulation-regulating gene Dgat1 in Ins1E cells. It reduced FA-induced inflammation by deactivation of NF-κB, which was associated with upregulation of IκBα and deactivation of the NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation, and the downregulation of the cytokines ILl-6, IL-1β, and TNFα. Ins1E cells were protected from the FA-induced apoptosis as assessed by different parameters including DNA degradation and cleaved caspase-3 immunoblotting. Furthermore, FABP3 silencing improved the viability, Pdx1 gene expression, and the insulin-secreting function in cells long-term cultured with palmitic acid. All results were confirmed by the opposite action rendered by FABP3 overexpression.

Conclusion
The present data reveals that pancreatic beta cells can be protected from lipotoxicity by inhibition of FA-uptake, intracellular utilization and accumulation. FABP3 inhibition, hence, may be a useful pharmaceutical approach in obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes.
Identification of peripheral blood test parameters predicting the response to palbociclib and endocrine therapy for metastatic breast cancer: a retrospective study in a single institution
Authors: Yamamoto Misato , Shibata Masahiro , Tanaka Aya , Tsunoda Nobuyuki , Masuda Norikazu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors have been used in endocrine therapy for patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative metastatic breast cancer. Although randomized trials have shown that combined therapies prolong progression-free survival (PFS) in comparison to endocrine monotherapy, the predictors of efficacy are unknown. This study aimed to identify the blood test parameters to predict the effects of palbociclib and endocrine therapy.

Methods
Seventy-nine patients treated with palbociclib and endocrine therapy between December 2017 and June 2022 were reviewed. We assessed PFS in patients according to factors evaluated based on patient characteristics and peripheral blood tests.

Results
Patients in the C-reactive protein (CRP)-high, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)-high, and albumin (Alb)-low groups had significantly shorter PFS than those in the normal group. A multivariate analysis revealed that high LDH and low Alb levels were independent factors that affected PFS. The Alb-low group had an inferior disease control rate. Patients in the CRP-high, LDH-high, and Alb-low groups who received these therapies as first- or second-line treatments showed poor PFS.

Conclusions
Several predictors of the efficacy of palbociclib and endocrine therapy were identified in the peripheral blood test parameters of patients with ER-positive and HER2-negative subtypes of metastatic breast cancer.