bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Typologie de l'autel, emplacement et fonction des reliques dans la péninsule ibérique et le sud de la Gaule du Ve au XIe siècle
Authors: Dourthe Pierre 
Published: November 2013

Typologie des altars, platz und funktion der reliquien auf der Iberischen Halbinsel und in südgallien vom 5. bis zum 11. Jahrhundert, von Pierre Dourthe.

Auf der Iberischen Halbinsel befindet sich der Altar immer im Zentrum der Absis (weil der Klerus nicht dort plaziert ist) ; im Süden Galliens ist er hingegen meist in der Öffnung zur Absis. Vom typologischen Gesichtspunkt her ist — frühestens ab der Mitte des 6. Jahrhunderts (in Spanien) — die Verwendung eines Altars mit einem einzigen Sockel bemerkenswert, die nach unserer Ansicht in keinem Zusammenhang mit dem Raum der Absis steht. Dieser Typ ist auch in Septimanien wohlbekannt. In beiden Regionen erhält sich dieser Brauch über die frühchristliche Periode hinaus und ist wenigstens bis zum 1 1 . Jahrhundert nachweisbar.
Der Altar erweist sich, wenigstens auf der Iberischen Halbinsel, als bevorzugter Anbringungsort des Reliquiars. Ausserhalb dieser Region ist die Aufbewahrung der Reliquien am oberen Ende des Altarschafts nur im Süden Galliens (vielleicht auch im tunesischen Mactar) bezeugt. In dieser Lösung zeigt sich der Wille, die Reliquien unmittelbar unter dem Altartisch zu plazieren. Die Anbringung des Loculus am oberen Ende der Stütze — sowohl in frühchristlicher Zeit, wie auch während des ganzen frühen Mittelalters — bezeugt, dass es keine Änderung der Tradition gegeben hat. Später, zweifelsfrei nach dem Beginn des 12. Jahrhunderts, ändert sich der Brauch, denn von nun an pflegt man die Reliquien in den Altartisch selbst einzulassen.
Schliesslich zeigt das Studium der liturgischen Texte, dass das Vorhandensein der Reliquien häufig, wenn auch nicht immer, mit der Weihe der Kirche verbunden ist.
Les années d'apprentissage du jeune de L'Orme : l'hôtel Bullioud à Lyon
Authors: Pauwels Yves 
Published: November 2013

Les années d'apprentissage du jeune de L'Orme : l'hôtel Bullioud à Lyon.
Nous ne savons du voyage effectué par Philibert de L'Orme en Italie entre 1533 et 1536 que ce qu'il en rapporte dans son traité, publié seulement en 1567. L'examen précis des ordres mis en œuvre à l'hôtel Bullioud de Lyon, premier bâtiment construit lors de son retour en France, met en cause mainte affirmation du traité. Il apparaît en effet que Philibert ne maîtrise pas vraiment la grammaire des ordres, qu'il imite les formes romaines intuitivement, sans en comprendre vraiment le sens, et que ses sources d'inspiration sont de niveaux très divers. De Rome, de L'Orme a ramené un répertoire formel dont il ne comprendra le fonctionnement qu'après avoir pris connaissance du livre IV de Serlio, paru en 1537 ; le progrès que l'on peut constater à Saint-Maur (1541) et surtout à Anet (vers 1546) témoigne de l'importance prise par le traité de l'Italien, premier ouvrage en langue vulgaire exposant clairement la syntaxe du vitruvianisme.
Sous le drapeau rouge : la conférence internationale de psychotechnique de Moscou de 1931. 1 re partie : Psychotechnique et taylorisme à la russe
Authors: Turbiaux Marcel 
Published: November 2013

En marge des articles d’Isabelle Gouarné (2007, 2011, 2012), relatifs à la conférence internationale de psychotechnique de Moscou, en 1931 et à l’intervention qu’y fit Isaak Spielrein (1931b/2012), l’auteur souligne, dans le choix du lieu de la tenue de cette conférence, proposé par Spielrein, le rôle des relations, que J.-M. Lahy, influent secrétaire général de l’Association internationale de psychotechnique, à la fois, partisan du matérialisme dialectique et critique du taylorisme, entretenait, depuis plusieurs années déjà, avec l’URSS et, notamment, avec J. Ossip Arkad’evic Ermanski, lui aussi opposant au taylorisme et préfacier de la traduction en russe du livre de Lahy sur le « Système Taylor », ainsi qu’avec Isaak Naftulevich Spielrein, principal représentant de la psychotechnique en URSS, pour qui elle offrait une solution de rechange au taylorisme. En effet, l’application, en URSS, de « l’organisation du travail », fut imposée par Lénine et Trotski, en raison de la désastreuse situation économique du pays. Elle fut incarnée par l’Institut central du travail, dirigé par Alexeï Kapitonovich Gastev, qui fait l’objet de cette première partie de cet article, ainsi que les oppositions qu’elle souleva, mais dont Gastev sortit provisoirement vainqueur, tandis que la psychotechnique et son chef de file, Spielrein, étaient de plus en plus critiqués.
Exode rural et crises du logement dans l'Italie des années 1950-1970
Authors: Cumoli Flavia 
Published: November 2013

L’article traite des crises du logement en Italie après la Seconde Guerre mondiale et dans les années 1960, période qui marque le début du miracle économique italien. Il s’agit, dans l’immédiat après-guerre, d’une crise quantitative liée aux destructions de la guerre et aux retards de la période fasciste, à la croissance démographique et à l’exode rural considérable, puis d’une crise plus sociale liée aux choix économiques, les aides de l’État accentuant la conduite libérale de la construction. En effet, celle-ci s’est faite d’abord en direction des classes moyennes, abandonnant de facto les couches populaires dans des formes diverses de sous-logement ségrégé aux multiples dénominations. L’article aborde initialement les dimensions du « problème » des logements pour se pencher ensuite sur les espaces de la crise, les quartiers délaissés et les processus de leur relégation, en focalisant l’attention sur trois cas exemplaires : la campagne et les Sassi de Matera, les Borgate de Rome, les Coree de Milan. La dernière partie envisage les luttes urbaines, la place de la question du logement dans les mouvements protestataires de 1968, à un moment où des accusations de détournement de fonds publics étaient portées dans la presse contre des membres du gouvernement.
Altered IFN-γ–Mediated Immunity and Transcriptional Expression Patterns in N-Ethyl-N-Nitrosourea–Induced STAT4 Mutants Confer Susceptibility to Acute Typhoid-like Disease
Authors: Eva Megan M. , Yuki Kyoko E. , Dauphinee Shauna M. , Schwartzentruber Jeremy A. , Pyzik Michal , Paquet Marilène , Lathrop Mark , Majewski Jacek , Vidal Silvia M. , Malo Danielle 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Salmonella enterica is a ubiquitous Gram-negative intracellular bacterium that continues to pose a global challenge to human health. The etiology of Salmonella pathogenesis is complex and controlled by pathogen, environmental, and host genetic factors. In fact, patients immunodeficient in genes in the IL-12, IL-23/IFN-γ pathway are predisposed to invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella infection. Using a forward genomics approach by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) germline mutagenesis in mice, we identified the Ity14 (Immunity to Typhimurium locus 14) pedigree exhibiting increased susceptibility following in vivo Salmonella challenge. A DNA-binding domain mutation (p.G418_E445) in Stat4 (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription Factor 4) was the causative mutation. STAT4 signals downstream of IL-12 to mediate transcriptional regulation of inflammatory immune responses. In mutant Ity14 mice, the increased splenic and hepatic bacterial load resulted from an intrinsic defect in innate cell function, IFN-γ–mediated immunity, and disorganized granuloma formation. We further show that NK and NKT cells play an important role in mediating control of Salmonella in Stat4Ity14/Ity14 mice. Stat4Ity14/Ity14 mice had increased expression of genes involved in cell–cell interactions and communication, as well as increased CD11b expression on a subset of splenic myeloid dendritic cells, resulting in compromised recruitment of inflammatory cells to the spleen during Salmonella infection. Stat4Ity14/Ity14 presented upregulated compensatory mechanisms, although inefficient and ultimately Stat4Ity14/Ity14 mice develop fatal bacteremia. The following study further elucidates the pathophysiological impact of STAT4 during Salmonella infection.
Benign Pairs: A Significant Entity in Aspiration Cytology Smears from Breast Lesions
Authors: Rathi Monika , Kala Pooja , Gupta Atul , Budania Satish Kumar , Ahuja Harshkiran 
Published: November 2013

Introduction Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a reliable diagnostic tool used to diagnose breast lesions preoperatively. However, FNAC is also associated with diagnostic pitfalls. Further studies are needed to improve its diagnostic efficacy. We noticed ovoid, bare nuclei arranged in closely touching diads (benign pairs) in a significant number of cytology smears. This prompted us to assess their diagnostic utility. Materials and Methods This was a prospective study conducted in Sarojini Naidu Medical College, Agra, India. Quantitative estimation of benign pairs per 1000 ductal cells in at least 20 high power field was attempted in cytology smears of 128 cases. Results The average number of pairs in benign and malignant lesions was calculated as 7.07 ∓ 5.96 and 0.28 ∓ 0.78, respectively. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between the number of pairs in benign and malignant cases ( P < 0.0005). Conclusions Quantitative estimation of benign pairs is helpful in distinguishing benign from malignant cases.
New Hybrid Variational Recovery Model for Blurred Images with Multiplicative Noise
Authors: Dong Yiqiu , Zeng Tieyong 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA new hybrid variational model for recovering blurred images in the presence of multiplicative noise is proposed. Inspired by previous work on multiplicative noise removal, an I-divergence technique is used to build a strictly convex model under a condition that ensures the uniqueness of the solution and the stability of the algorithm. A split-Bregman algorithm is adopted to solve the constrained minimisation problem in the new hybrid model efficiently. Numerical tests for simultaneous deblurring and denoising of the images subject to multiplicative noise are then reported. Comparison with other methods clearly demonstrates the good performance of our new approach.
Poland’s Urban Competitiveness in the European Context
Authors: Szczech-Pietkiewicz Ewelina 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The article attempts to evaluate the competitive position of selected Polish cities, as opposed to cities from other European Union member states. In order to do so, the author defines urban competitiveness as a set of factors contributing to both high productivity and standard of living in a given urban area, and based on that, creates a list of possible indicators of urban competitiveness. Using quantitative analysis, the selected cities are compared to determine how competitive potential is used in each city. This evaluation suggests that the competitive position of Polish cities tend to fall behind that of counterparts from other countries in almost all analyzed areas. Therefore, some preliminary recommendations can be made that focus on establishing coherent policies and goals that are adjusted to both resources and trends in economic development. The overall conclusion of the paper is summed up in the statement that Polish cities are rather homogeneous in their performance and do not create any visible competitive advantage–in particular, for foreign investors.
Mechanical properties of wood from Pinus sylvestris L. treated with Light Organic Solvent Preservative and with waterborne Copper Azole
Authors: Villasante A.M. , Laina R. , Rojas J.A. Martinez , Rojas I. Martinez , Vignote S. 
Published: November 2013

Aim of study: To determine the effect on wood from Pinus sylvestris of treatment with preservatives on mechanical properties and to establish the relation between the penetration and compression strength.Area of study: SpainMaterial and Methods: 40 samples of defect-free wood from Pinus sylvestris L. were treated with Light Organic Solvent Preservative (Vacsol Azure WR 2601) and 50 with waterborne Copper Azole (Tanalith E 3492). 40 control samples were not treated (water or preservative). Mechanical resistance to static bending, modulus of elasticity and compression strength parallel to the grain were compared with untreated wood. Regression analysis between the penetration and compression strength parallel was done with the samples treated with waterborne preservative.Main results: The results indicate that the treated wood (with either product) presents a statistically significant increase in mechanical resistance in all three mechanical characteristics. The results obtained differ from earlier studies carried out by other authors.There was no correlation between parallel compression strength and the degree of impregnation of the wood with waterborne Copper Azole . The most probable explanation for these results concerns changes in pressure during treatment.The use of untreated control samples instead of samples treated only with water is more likely to produce significant results in the mechanical resistance studies.Research highlights: Treated wood presents a statistically significant increase in MOE, modulus of rupture to static bending and parallel compression strength.There was no correlation between parallel compression strength and the degree of impregnation with waterborne preservative.Keywords: Light Organic Solvent Preservative; MOE; parallel compression; static bending; waterborne Copper Azole; wood technology.
Short Communication. An efficient axillary shoots propagate system for the living fossil plant - Wollemi pine (Wollemia nobilis)
Authors: Niu Y. , Du J. , Zhang Q. , Pei X. , Zhan X. 
Published: November 2013

Aim of study: The aim of the work was to determine the optimum axillary shoot induction system by optimizing different factors.Area of study: The different factors which were pretreatment methods, media types, kinds of cytokinins and dark treatmentMaterial and methods: After pretreating and sterilizing, the stems of Wollemi pine which about 3cm long were cultured on three kinds of media (GD, DCR AND ms) with different concentration and type of cytokines (BA, ZT and TDZ), as well as dark treatment (0, and 4 weeks) and then exposure to tissue culture room. The experiments were randomized block designed and the results were analyzed with ANOVA.Main results: Rapid freezing in liquid nitrogen was the most effective pretreatment method, dark treatment for the first 4-weeks of stem explants cultured in induction media could increase the frequency of axillary shoot induction significantly. The highest frequency of axillary shoot induction (63%) was obtained when explants were cultured in 1/2GD medium with 6.8 μM TDZ combining 4-weeks dark treatment. Research highlights: The optimized conditions for shoot production in vitro can be useful for conservation in vitro of Wollemia nobilis.Keywords: Wollemia nobilis; in vitro conservation; tissue culture; an endangered relict conifer.
Short Communication. Physiological effects of Rhizopogon Roseolus on Pinus halepensis seedlings
Authors: Domínguez Núñez J.A. Alfonso , Saiz M. , Calderon C. , Saiz de Omeñaca J.A. 
Published: November 2013

Aim of study: The inoculation of forest seedlings with ectomycorrhizal fungi can improve the morphological and physiological qualities of plants, especially those used for regeneration of arid areas. Rhizopogon roseolus is an ectomycorrhizal fungus (ECM) commonly used for reforestation. In this study, the specific objectives were to know some morphophysiological effects of Rhizopogon Roseolus on Pinus halepensis seedlings under standard nursery conditionsArea of study: ETSI Montes and EUIT Forestal, Madrid.Material and Methods: In nursery, under well watered conditions and peat growing substrates, Aleppo pine seedlings were inoculated with R. roseolus. Five months after the inoculations, we examined the growth, water parameters (osmotic potential at full turgor [Ψπfull], osmotic potential at zero turgor [Ψπ0], and the tissue modulus of elasticity near full turgor [Emax]), mycorrhizal colonization, and concentration and content of macronutrients in the seedlings. Subsequently, a trial was conducted to assess the root growth potential.Main results: The mycorrhization decreased the height and diameter of mycorrhizal seedlings but increased the root weight and root branching. R. roseolus did not cause any significant effect on the regeneration of new roots or on any of the tested hydric parameters, but it did improve N uptake of the seedlings.Research highlights: The mycorrhizal inoculation increased the N uptake. The mycorrhizal inoculation caused opposite effects on some growth parametersKeywords: Osmotic adjustment; elastic adjustment; mineral nutrition; root growth potential; nursery; Rhizopogon roseolus; Pinus halepensis.
Content of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in the leaves of coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara L.) in Poland
Authors: Adamczak Artur , Opala Bogna , Gryszczyńska Agnieszka , Buchwald Waldemar 
Published: November 2013

Coltsfoot (<em>Tussilago farfara</em> L.) is a common species, widely used in European and Chinese traditional medicine for the treatment of respiratory diseases. However, raw material from this plant contains hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs). The aim of the study was to determine the variability of the level of PAs (senkirkine and senecionine) in leaves of coltsfoot originated from natural populations in Poland. In the phytochemical analysis, 20 samples of <em>T. farfara</em> were used. This plant material was obtained from the Garden of Medicinal Plants in Plewiska near Poznań and originated from different regions of Poland. Coltsfoot leaves were harvested in the middle of July of 2010 and then dried at room temperature. The alkaloid content was detected using the HPLC-DAD method. The amount of PAs in leaves of <em>T. farfara</em> changed in a wide range from 0.06 to 1.04 μg g<sup>−1</sup> of dry matter (DM). The content of senkirkine and senecionine was positively correlated (<em>r</em> = 0.68, <em>P</em> = 0.001). There was no statistically significant correlation between the amount of PAs as well as leaf weight and water content in leaves of <em>T. farfara</em>. Our results showed that a medium-sized leaf of coltsfoot (0.33 g DM) may contain from 0.02 to 0.34 μg of PAs (on average 0.14 μg). The level of PAs was not associated with the region of Poland, but phytochemical similarity of samples was usually visible at the local scale. Coltsfoot leaves are characterized by a high variability of the content of toxic PAs, much higher than in the case of the main active compounds, especially flavonoids and mucilage.<br /> This phytochemical variability is mainly genetically determined (samples came from a garden collection), and it can be increased by environmental factors. Our investigations indicate that Polish natural populations of <em>T. farfara</em> may provide raw material with a low level of toxic PAs.
Entre local et global : l’alimentation polynésienne
Authors: Mallol Christophe Serra 
Published: November 2013

Les interactions entre influences globales, mondialisées et de type occidental, et traditions locales différenciées forment le tissu de l’expérience humaine contemporaine. La généralisation de la circulation des capitaux, des biens, des idées et des hommes, ainsi que la prise de conscience de leur interconnexion, sont constitutifs du processus de globalisation, notamment dans le domaine de l’alimentation. Lieu privilégié de rencontre du global et du local, une anthropologie de l’alimentation polynésienne permet la mise en évidence d’un processus d’adaptation du local au global, une forme de « glocalisation alimentaire ». Appliquée aux Îles de la Société et à Rapa (Polynésie française), elle met en évidence la complexité mouvante des interrelations qui lient les hommes entre eux, à leurs traditions et à des influences exogènes. La prise de conscience par les acteurs sociaux de nouvelles formes de modèles normatifs possibles permet de dépasser les modèles alimentaires parfois vécus comme imposés, entre résistance, adaptation et création hybride.
Artisans du pays et imaginaires fromagers
Authors: Boulianne Manon 
Published: November 2013

Au cours de la dernière décennie, les fromages « fins » du Québec sont devenus des aliments vedettes dans les médias, les livres de recette et sur les tables. Les stratégies de mise en marché dont ils font l’objet les présentent comme des produits issus de savoir-faire constituant un patrimoine immatériel à valoriser et emblématiques des terroirs régionaux. Pourtant, la plupart d’entre eux résultent d’innovations récentes et relèvent davantage d’une tradition inventée que de pratiques ancestrales. De plus, leur authenticité professée en tant que produits artisanaux ne correspond pas toujours aux processus de production dont ils sont issus. À partir, notamment, d’une enquête menée auprès de mangeurs et de mangeuses, l’auteure interroge les processus qui contribuent à la qualification des fromages fins en tant que produits de terroir et à la valorisation de l’authenticité dans le régime de valeur au sein duquel ils sont produits, circulent et sont consommés.
Learning about Autism
Authors: Baker Sidney M. 
Published: November 2013

A medical essay written in 1923 pointed out the fallacy of blaming a chronic illness on the name of a disease. The focus of treatment should be the individual, not the disease. With a focus on options based on the individuality of each patient, I ask a simple two-part question: Does my patient need to avoid or be rid of substances and/or to be provided with substances that would favor nature's impulse toward healing? In my academic training as a physician, I learned that a clinically effective stance favored an optimistic intent combined with the objective application of my skills—refined though the practice of listening, prescribing, and observing outcome. My understanding of autism has rested on a foundation of the individuality of every living thing, the rhythmicity of life, and the balance that characterizes healthy systems. The first autistic child I examined struck me with a nonverbal message: “I am in here; see me.” The recognition of the role of bacterial toxins amplified my notion that a general disorder of the microbiome underlies the loss of immune tolerance that accompanies the global state of sensitivity found in individuals in the autism spectrum. Depletion of organisms that have populated the human gut since before the dawn of our species arises as the most recent elevation of my learning curve.
Seeking the “best CLCs practice” in China: A case study based on a conceptual framework of education entrepreneurship
Authors: Zeng Xiaodong , Ji Bingsi , Li Xingzhou 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRural adult schools, implemented by Community Learning Centers (CLCs) as part of the Capacity Building Project, face inadequate and irregular funding in China. Moreover, these schools lack technical guidelines for project implementation, posing additional challenges. This study employed the “entrepreneurship‐impact” matrix conceptual framework to conduct a case study and identify best practices related to CLC operation. Revealed through the study is an educational entrepreneurship model for implementing CLC projects. Resources, regulations, and outsider technical support shape educational entrepreneurship, with all factors influencing project implementation through the mediation of entrepreneurship. However, this influence is conditioned by loosened regulation. This study concludes that best practices emerge only when external conditions favor entrepreneurship and suggests that greater attention should be directed toward fostering circumstances conducive to educational entrepreneurship.