bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Embodied Expression in Popular Music
Authors: Koozin Timothy 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study of embodiment and meaning in popular music explores a wide-ranging repertoire, offering a performance-based analytical methodology that progresses from basic idiomatic gestures, to gestural combinations and interactions with large-scale design, to broader interpretive strategies that engage with theories of embodiment, the musical topic, and narrative. The book examines artistic practices in popular song that draw from a vast range of stylistic sources, including rock, blues, folk, soul, funk, fusion, and hip hop, as well as European classical and African American gospel musical traditions. Exploring the interrelationships in how we create, hear, and understand music through the body, the study demonstrates how a focus on body-instrument interaction can illuminate musical structures while leveling implied hierarchies of cultural value. Through detailed analysis of artists’ creative strategies in singing and playing their instruments, the book probes how musicians represent subjectivities of gender, race, and social class in shaping songs and whole albums. Tracing connections from foundational musicians including Jimi Hendrix and Aretha Franklin to recent artists, the book clarifies how inferences of musical topic and narrative are part of a larger creative process in strategically positioning musical gestures. This study of popular song explores how the situated and engaged body provides an integral dimension in listening, performing, and creating musical cultures, as it comprises a means by which we understand our own bodies in relation to the world.
Introduction
Authors: Koozin Timothy 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This Introduction explains the analytical approach in the book and defines key terms, including embodied knowledge, musical gesture, topic, persona, and personic environment. After briefly summarizing current perspectives and research on musical gesture, embodiment, and song analysis, it outlines the organization of the book. Part I focuses on guitar-based expression. Part II examines gesture, counterpoint, and agency in soul and funk music. Part III explores gestural strategies in songs with acoustic instruments, focusing on songs by Bob Dylan and Joni Mitchell. Part IV broadly examines topic, narrative, and the strategic positioning of musical gestures in songs. It includes a chapter on keyboard topics in the Beatles’ Abbey Road album, a study of irony in the songs of Steely Dan, and a chapter on voice in hip hop music, with examples ranging from foundational hip hop artists in the 1990s to the 2018 Room 25 album by Noname.
Guitar Voicing I
Authors: Koozin Timothy 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Chapter 1 focuses on guitar-based expression, showing how we can understand basic moves in guitar playing not only as building blocks in creating songs, but also as musical gestures carrying aural traces of human movement that can project attributes of a fictionalized virtual musical agent. The chapter begins with barre chords that can be grasped on the guitar fretboard at any location within boundaries up and down the guitar neck. Concepts are illustrated with examples selected from a broad range of artists, including the Kinks, Jimi Hendrix, the Rolling Stones, Neil Young, Tower of Power, and Lenny Kravitz. The study progresses from basics in how barre chords map to fretboard space, to more complex barre chord figurations and guitar riffs, to extended jazz chords based on familiar barre chord shapes found in songs by Lianne La Havas.
Soul and Funk at the Keyboard
Authors: Koozin Timothy 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores embodied gesture and agency in soul and funk music, focusing on keyboard-based songs by Ray Charles, Aretha Franklin, and Stevie Wonder. The study traces elements of African American gospel style that shape approaches in singing and keyboard playing while also providing a rhetorical approach that contributes to the staging of virtual agency, showing how keyboard-based soul and funk emerged as an artistic platform capable of staging virtual locations of autonomy and creativity. Ray Charles’s R&B breakthrough hit from 1959, “What’d I Say” provides an exemplar as a precursor to keyboard-based funk. The study then examines Aretha Franklin’s creative strategies as singer, songwriter, and pianist, particularly in her Atlantic recordings with Muscle Shoals musicians. Turning to the music of Stevie Wonder, the study focuses on his songs with clavinet, a keyboard instrument that Wonder utilized in developing a unique performance approach and definitive signature sound.
Counterpoint and Embodied Expression in the Music of Joni Mitchell
Authors: Koozin Timothy 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter on the music of Joni Mitchell examines her unique approach in fusing vocal melody with instrumental playing, revealing a continuity in her strategic approach to counterpoint and musical texture that is evident whether she is playing piano, guitar, or dulcimer as she sings. The study establishes how Mitchell’s artistic approach to layered musical textures in her guitar and piano work may have first developed as a strategy of adaptation after contracting polio as a child. It further explores how her artistic confidence in freely juxtaposing musical materials provides an expressive framework in her songs with orchestra and her collaborations with jazz artists in her late albums.
Colons
Authors: Barton Jill 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Colons set off information in a sentence. While James Joyce once crammed fifteen colons into a single sentence, the Supreme Court justices do not use quite so many. But they eschew the traditional grammarian rule that colons should follow only independent clauses, as opposed to shorter phrases. All nine justices use colons at a sentence’s midpoint to set off a quotation, a rule, a list, or other information. Their only rule is that what follows, whether a phrase or independent clause, is closely related. The traditional rule can require writers to add the wordy as follows or the following before a colon. A few justices follow this old practice at times, but all skip that outdated requirement when it better serves their writing.
En-dash
Authors: Barton Jill 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The en-dash is a mid-sized dash left over from typesetting days, when it made reading a range of numbers easier. Today, few writers take the time (or even know how) to create this dash that’s technically the size of an N—as opposed to the em-dash, which is the size of a capital M. Or as opposed to the hyphen—the simple, small dash on every keyboard. Even so, when the Chicago Manual of Style considered getting rid of the en-dash for a recent edition, internet discussion groups erupted in protest, enough to make the Manual’s editors retreat. The justices are old-fashioned here and use all three dashes in their published opinions. The en-dash is used to indicate a range, typically of dates or numbers, and is most common in citations.
Hyphens
Authors: Barton Jill 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Hyphens separate words acting as compound adjectives, and they separate prefixes from their stem words. Justice Scalia said he learned how to use hyphens with the example of the “purple people eater,” explaining that a purple people-eater is “a purple eater of people” while a purple-people eater is “an eater of purple people.” The justices embrace hyphens when they help comprehension in this way, but skip them when they do not. Justice Kagan penned a six-word compound adjective in 2018: “not-well-specified-yet-sufficiently-large degree of risk.” The phrase shows how an effective hyphen adds clarity to a series of words that might otherwise be misread. The justices follow grammatical tradition when using hyphens, using one with a compound adjective only when it (1) cannot be combined into one word, (2) comes before the noun it modifies, and (3) could be misread without a hyphen.
Question Marks
Authors: Barton Jill 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The question mark defines the gray, the undetermined. Typically, judges pose questions and lawyers answer them. So while question marks are a natural part of the justices’ opinions, they’re scarcer in lawyers’ motions and briefs. In five recent terms, the justices employed about 1,800 question marks, stating the issues as questions, posing a rhetorical query or hypothetical, or disputing their colleagues’ analyses: What are the limits to voting restrictions? Should college athletes be paid? Is off-campus student speech protected? Can juvenile offenders be sentenced to die in prison? Questions like these keep the legal world churning. Using question marks becomes tricky only when a quotation is involved. If a question mark is part of the quoted text, it belongs inside the quotation marks.
Quotation Marks
Authors: Barton Jill 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The justices use quotation marks only when necessary. That includes just three kinds of quotes: (1) constitutional and statutory provisions at issue; (2) key parts of caselaw; and (3) the occasional, artful, on-point phrase (note all the qualifiers here). The justices avoid dumping quotations or adding anything beyond what is essential, using four or five quotations per page, on average. Beyond that, the rules for quotations revolve around placing commas and other punctuation marks correctly. Key legal terms and short phrases also merit quotation marks. Longer quotes of fifty words or more should be set off in a block quotation. And in the exceptionally rare case when the writer quotes one source that’s quoting another that’s quoting yet another, three sets of quotation marks are used: a double quotation mark, then a single, then another double.
Conjunctions
Authors: Barton Jill 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Short conjunctions are much more common than long ones in US Supreme Court opinions. As Justice Thomas advised, “the genius is having a ten-dollar idea in a five-cent sentence, not having a five-cent idea in a ten-dollar sentence. That doesn’t mean that there’s no law in it. But there are simple ways to put important things in language that’s accessible.” One way the justices create these five-cent sentences is by starting them with short, punchy conjunctions. All nine sprinkle their opinions with sentences opening with and, but, or, so, and yet. And they opt for these short sentence starters significantly more than longer conjunctions, such as however and nevertheless.
Short Words—and Sentences
Authors: Barton Jill 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Short words and short sentences shape every U.S. Supreme Court opinion. The justices take pains not just to prune longer words and sentences from their opinions but also to add variety. Chief Justice Roberts shows just that with this gem: “Bust followed boom.” While the justices drop some Faulkner-esque sentences in their opinions, most are short—averaging around 18 words. What’s more, the vast majority of their words are short, not unlike Shakespeare’s, averaging six letters or fewer. This chapter begins with an example from Justice Kagan, which typifies that casual tone. Her sentences average just 15 words. Her words average a mere five letters. With each line, Kagan speeds the reader along, showing that good legal writing is simple but not simplistic.
Split Infinitives
Authors: Barton Jill 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Split infinitives break up a verb phrase with a modifying word or phrase. Grammarians debate and often discourage these splits, as shown with the iconic Star Trek line, “to boldly go where no one has gone before” (which breaks up the verb phrase “to go” with “boldly”). All nine justices are bold here too, shirking grammarians’ timeworn advice. The old rule stems from the fact that the infinitive is just one word in Latin, so it cannot be split. But in English, the infinitive is two words, as in to hold or to offer. The justices recognize that a truth about Latin cannot extend to our legal writing today. All break up infinitives with adverbs. Many times, splitting the infinitive just sounds better. This chapter illustrates how and why the justices break up verb phrases.
A quasi-cartographic approach to Spanish auxiliaries
Authors: Bosque Ignacio 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Conceptually grounded hierarchies of functional heads should not be rejected, but they cannot (and must not) be too specific. Those composed by sequences of auxiliary verbs are not able to account for the various alignments of the same functional heads in certain areas of the spine. Multiple orders among aspectual and root modal projections give rise to meaning differences based on scope. These sequences are filtered by a series of (morphological and semantic) local output conditions. Some of them are accounted for by extending Chomsky’s (1986) distinction between C-selection and S-selection to auxiliary verbs. Passive auxiliaries may raise across root-modals and some aspectual verbs. Perfect auxiliaries are also able to raise across epistemic modals, which are not anchored to tense. Aux-raising and Aux-doubling are parallel processes (subject to dialectal and typological differences, but with no meaning consequences) in the syntax of both auxiliaries and prepositions.
Wh-distributives in Basque
Authors: Etxepare Ricardo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Bare wh-phrases in Basque contribute the key to a universal distributive quantification when they do not occupy the preverbal focus position. This chapter argues that the universal import of the wh-words in those contexts is derived from the presence of a functional head in the clausal periphery, to which the wh-phrase is merged. The analysis follows a proposal originally made by Beghelli (1995) and Beghelli and Stowell (1997) and developed by Szabolcsi (1997, 2010) and Haddican & Tsoulas (2012), among others, for the presence of a distributive head in the clausal spine. This functional head is interpreted as a Generalized Distributivity operator in the sense of Lasersohn’s (1998) original work. This distributive head selects for a focus projection, to which we must obligatorily move. One of the unexpected properties of the Basque distributive configuration is that the Share must be either a specific or a definite DP. Given that specific or definite DPs do not covary, the Share must include a pronominal variable inside. The Share is thus always complex, minimally a possessive structure, and the distribution ranges over functions, not individuals. The Basque wh-distributive construction raises a number of questions that I try to answer here, notably how wh-phrases end up having a universal interpretation, why the shares must be DPs, and perhaps more importantly, why the two features of the construction, wh-based distributivity and the functional status of the distribution, must occur together.
On the status of criterial markers in the left periphery of the clause
Authors: Rizzi Luigi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this chapter I would like to illustrate the criterial approach to left-peripheral constructions expressing scope–discourse interpretive properties (Rizzi 1997 and much subsequent work), and discuss specific issues that have been raised by cartographic research on such constructions in the last 20 years. In particular, I will address the question of the morphosyntactic status of markers of focus, topicality, and question in languages in which they are overt. Different kinds of evidence will be presented suggesting that, in various clear cases, these markers are better analyzed as elements of the clausal spine (rather than as XP-internal elements), which attract the relevant XPs to be interpreted as topics, foci, etc. to their specifier position, and guide the interpretation of the XPs at the interfaces with sound and meaning.
Conclusion
Authors: Dermine Élise , Dumont Daniel 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This concluding chapter to the edited volume Labour Law Utopias: Post-Growth and Post-Productive Work Approaches outlines several trends and discussions in the book that can take labour law forward in a more embedded manner within the socio-economic-ecological context. Building on the overall post-growth and post-productive narratives in the chapters of the book, the chapter proposes its own post-productive work narrative by showing how to promote ecosocially useful work. It explores practical paths of transition, departing from positive labour law towards a more ecological social law. In doing so, it illustrates how the labour law utopias methodology in this book sets paths for transition and how it can be used for further research.
The Famous ‘Altar of Victory Controversy’ in Rome
Authors: Testa Rita Lizzi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The belief that a part of Roman aristocracy did not remain inactive in the face of the anti-pagan measures at the end of the fourth century dominated modern historiography. It is rooted particularly in the twentieth-century studies because of the conviction—typical in a climate of cold war—that great ideologies can divide the world into power blocs by polarizing the collective imagination. Relying largely on the accounts of Christian sources and particularly of Rufinus of Aquileia, scholars saw conflict between pagans and Christians everywhere: in the spread of contorniates, in the restoration of public buildings and temples, in the taurobolia celebrated in the inscriptions of the Vatican Phrygianum, and in the celebration of the Classical and pagan past in the Saturnalia. To the aristocratic reaction were attributed not only forms of propaganda and ideology but also pronounced political opposition, such as the encounter that took place at the River Frigidus between the forces of Theodosius and the “last pagan army of the ancient world.”
‘Excellent in Point of Both Music and Words’
Authors: Ó Laoire Lillis , Nic An Airchinnigh Méadhbh , Williams Sean 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the musical elements of the ritualized lament or keen in Irish oral traditions, examining both the written record about keening and recordings by four performers of the twentieth century: Seán Ó Conghaile, Kitty Gallagher/Cití Ní Ghallchobhair, Elizabeth Cronin, and Joe Heaney, in an attempt to understand the music more fully. Keening is no longer an aspect of Irish life, but its musical and cultural contexts remain in the form of performance practices ascribed mainly to women. The authors compare both the form and content of these recorded items with some other protective recordings traditionally connected with women, including a lullaby, three religious laments, and a herding song for a cow, and note that the musical links provide insight into how keening relates to other forms. A fuller exploration of keening with music as a central focus is a strong desideratum.
The Limits of Transitional Justice in Settler Colonial Contexts
Authors: Hand Samara 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Against the backdrop of the Australian reconciliation process, this chapter explores the limits of transitional justice, including critiques about its liberal origins and focus on addressing individual human rights violations, as well as its emphasis on a ‘rupture point’, which fail to grasp the ongoing nature of settler colonialism and its impacts on Indigenous peoples. The chapter provides an analysis of the challenges settler colonial violence poses to the dominant transitional justice framework, which is heavily grounded in international human rights law. It examines the disconnect between this framework and the realities of ongoing settler colonialism, highlighting the need for a more critical and comprehensive approach that challenges existing norms of international human rights law. The chapter concludes by charting new perspectives in transitional justice, informed by settler colonial, decolonial, and post-humanist theories which aim to integrate Indigenous knowledges and practices into transitional justice, thus challenging the established international norms dominating the field.
The European Mesolithic in Mountain Landscapes
Authors: Butler Micheál , Cornelissen Marcel , Nyland Astrid J. , Posch Caroline , Kelley Samuel E. , Warren Graeme 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The use of mountain environments is a recurrent, although not universal, feature of the Mesolithic across Europe. However, synthesis of this material is rare. This means that it is difficult to assess whether regional variation in archaeological evidence is a product of different activities in the past, different research traditions, different post-depositional landscape histories, or—most likely—complex local combinations of all three. To help move past this problem, we provide a comparative approach to the mountain Mesolithic of Western Austria, Southern Norway, Scotland, and the Swiss Alps. For each region, we provide an overview of how sites have been found and what kinds of evidence is present. This allows us to present some comparable and contrasting aspects of the evidence at a European level. In turn, this perspective reinforces the importance of particular kinds of archaeological practice, especially in terms of survey and public engagement, and to highlight potential threats to this archaeological resource.
Ethnic Politics and Land Grabbing
Authors: Moreda Tsegaye 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The role of land in capital accumulation has gained prominence over the past two decades, primarily in the wake of the unprecedented expansion of highly contested large-scale “land grabs” or “land investments” across the global South. This chapter argues that the phenomenon of land grabbing has impacted the social relations regulating land access and livelihoods, including by heightening ethnic tensions. This is even more the case in multiethnic settings where different groups have distinct land claims and access to and competition for land and power are deeply contested and often have an interethnic character. Land-related conflicts, particularly in the context of contemporary land grabs, have increasingly taken the form of politicized ethnic conflicts, pitching majority Indigenous ethnic groups against ethnic minorities. The chapter shows that the ethnicization of land politics and conflict at local and national levels is often linked to the broader political economy on a global scale. The dynamics of global land-based accumulation are simultaneously shaped and constituted by national accumulation trajectories and how the state facilitates them, resulting in uneven development among ethnic homelands and groups. Such accumulation dynamics on a global scale often intersect with, and further reinforce, the salience of ethnic-based land politics at the local level. Ethnicity is certainly a key determining factor in land access, but it is not the only one. The convergence between ethnicity and class that unfolds within state-society interactions is particularly fundamental to contemporary land politics and, thus, to land conflict.
The Americas and the United Nations
Authors: Quiroga-Villamarin Daniel R. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Scholarly accounts of the engagement between “America” and the United Nations (UN) have often taken two separate approaches. On the one hand, some scholars understand “America” as a synonym for the United States. As such, they interrogate the role of this country in the international organization as a great power embedded in a North Atlantic geopolitical context. On the other hand, another perspective foregrounds “Latin America”—focusing on the actions of the southern states as an example of the influence of “minor powers” in this international organization. Rarely, however, are the “Americas” taken in tandem. Conversely, this chapter provides an account of the UN that places hemispheric relations between these separate understandings of “the Americas” at the forefront of the narrative (1939–1973). Alluding to Hobsbawm’s famous quip on Latin America as a “laboratory of historical change,” this chapter suggests that the dreams and nightmares of continental “good neighborliness” served as a template for latter imaginaries of global ordering.