bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La surveillance dans les centres d'appel est-elle un vecteur de self development ? Capacités et reconnaissance au travail
Authors: Tweedie Dale 
Published: September 2014

Cet article analyse le travail dans les centres d’appel à la lumière de deux approches philosophiques portant sur le self development en situation de travail. La première approche est tirée de la (re)lecture d’Aristote par James Murphy, pour lequel le travail peut développer les capacités techniques, sociales et morales constitutives d’un accroissement de la subjectivité. La seconde approche est tirée des théories de la reconnaissance d’Axel Honneth et Christophe Dejours, au sein desquelles les formes de reconnaissances institutionnelle et interpersonnelle du travail peuvent développer le rapport de soi à soi qui est au principe d’une action autonome. À partir de ces deux perspectives théoriques, il apparaît que la contribution du travail au self development est biface, le travail pouvant soit créer soit détruire les conditions présidant au « bien-être » des travailleurs. Les expériences des travailleurs en centre d’appels, évoluant sous étroite surveillance, servent d’illustration de ces deux destins possibles. Summary , p. 123. Resumen , p. 123.
Qu'est-ce qu'un « travail décent » ? Propositions pour élargir la campagne de l' Oit pour le travail décent à partir de la psychodynamique
Authors: Deranty Jean-Philippe , Mac Millan Craig 
Published: September 2014

Cet article propose une analyse critique de la notion de « travail décent » qui se situe au cœur de la campagne de l’Organisation internationale du travail pour le travail décent. L’article soutient que le concept de travail qui sous-tend la campagne de l’organisation internationale du travail est trop réduit. Il manque à l’approche par l’ Oit le point de vue du travail, qui ne soit pas réduit à une dimension économique et un rapport social. Mais le travail doit aussi être analysé en terme d’activité, qui a des incidences sur la santé individuelle dans la mesure où elle mobilise le corps, l’esprit et le fonctionnement psychique (vie d’âme) des travailleurs. La littérature en philosophie politique portant sur le « travail qui a du sens » permet d’élargir la notion de travail décent proposée par l’ Oit , en raison d’une démonstration convaincante de la nécessité de référer le contenu du travail à une définition précise de la justice. Cependant, ces travaux peuvent être utilement complétés par l’approche en psychodynamique du travail. Nous avons dégagé trois domaines dans lesquels une extension de la définition du travail permettrait de compléter la campagne de l’ Oit en faveur du travail décent : le niveau des habiletés individuelles, le niveau du travail collectif et enfin le niveau de la culture politique du travail. Summary , p. 173. Resumen , p. 174.
La gestion contre le travail ?
Authors: Collard Damien 
Published: September 2014

L’auteur s’interroge sur les raisons de la coupure grandissante entre la sphère de la gestion et la sphère du travail. Dans une perspective clinique, il étudie les mécanismes organisationnels qui ont accompagné le déploiement de deux « démarches qualité » à la Sncf dans le domaine de la relation de service. La mise en place de relations de type client-fournisseur en interne et la définition de normes de service strictes constituent deux mécanismes clés qui sont au fondement du déni du travail des agents en front office . Par ailleurs, les effets induits par ces démarches sur le travail de ces agents, appréhendés en termes de déficit et d’excès de prescription, sont analysés. Summary , p. 194. Resumen , p. 194.
The Two Human CXCR4 Isoforms Display Different HIV Receptor Activities: Consequences for the Emergence of X4 Strains
Authors: Duquenne Charline , Psomas Christina , Gimenez Sandrine , Guigues Adeline , Carles Marie-Josée , Barbuat Claudine , Lavigne Jean-Philippe , Sotto Albert , Reynes Jacques , Guglielmi Paul , Mettling Clément , François Vincent , Corbeau Pierre 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
CXCR4 is a chemokine receptor that plays key roles with its specific ligand, CXCL12, in stem cell homing and immune trafficking. It is also used as a coreceptor by some HIV-1 strains (X4 strains), whereas other strains (R5 strains) use an alternative coreceptor, CCR5. X4 strains mainly emerge at late stages of the infection and are linked to disease progression. Two isoforms of this coreceptor have been described in humans: CXCR4-A and CXCR4-B, corresponding to an unspliced and a spliced mRNA, respectively. In this study, we show that CXCR4-B, but not CXCR4-A, mediates an efficient HIV-1 X4 entry and productive infection. Yet, the chemotactic activity of CXCL12 on both isoforms was similar. Furthermore, HIV-R5 infection favored CXCR4-B expression over that of CXCR4-A. In vitro infection with an R5 strain increased CXCR4-B/CXCR4-A mRNA ratio in PBMCs, and this ratio correlated with HIV RNA plasma level in R5-infected individuals. In addition, the presence of the CXCR4-B isoform favored R5 to X4 switch more efficiently than did CXCR4-A in vitro. Hence, the predominance of CXCR4-B over CXCR4-A expression in PBMCs was linked to the ability of circulating HIV-1 strains to use CXCR4, as determined by genotyping. These data suggest that R5 to X4 switch could be favored by R5 infection–induced overexpression of CXCR4-B. Finally, we achieved a specific small interfering RNA–mediated knockdown of CXCR4-B. This represents a proof of concept for a possible gene-therapeutic approach aimed at blocking the HIV coreceptor activity of CXCR4 without knocking down its chemotactic activity.
Osteoarthritis Prevalence Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Numbers-Needed-to-Treat Analysis
Authors: Luc Brittney , Gribble Phillip A. , Pietrosimone Brian G. 
Published: September 2014

Objective:To determine the prophylactic capability of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in decreasing the risk of knee osteoarthritis (OA) when compared with ACL-deficient patients, as well as the effect of a concomitant meniscectomy. We also sought to examine the influence of study design, publication date, and graft type as well as the magnitude of change in physical activity from preinjury Tegner scores in both cohorts.Data Sources:We searched Web of Science and PubMed databases from 1960 through 2012 with the search terms osteoarthritis, meniscectomy, anterior cruciate ligament, anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, and anterior cruciate ligament deficient.Study Selection:Articles that reported the prevalence of tibiofemoral or patellofemoral OA based on radiographic assessment were included. We calculated numbers needed to treat and relative risk reduction with associated 95% confidence intervals for 3 groups (1) patients with meniscal and ACL injury, (2) patients with isolated ACL injury, and (3) total patients (groups 1 and 2).Data Extraction:A total of 38 studies met the criteria. Of these, 27 assessed the presence of tibiofemoral osteoarthritis in patients treated with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.Data Synthesis:Overall, ACL reconstruction (ACL-R) yielded a numbers needed to treat to harm of 16 with a relative risk increase of 16%. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction along with meniscectomy yielded a numbers needed to treat to benefit of 15 and relative risk reduction of 11%. Isolated ACL-R showed a numbers needed to treat to harm of 8 and relative risk increase of 43%. Activity levels were decreased in both ACL-R (d = −0.90; 95% confidence interval = 0.77, 1.13) and ACL-deficient (d = −1.13; 95% confidence interval = 0.96, 1.29) patients after injury.Conclusions:The current literature does not provide substantial evidence to suggest that ACL-R is an adequate intervention to prevent knee osteoarthritis. With regard to osteoarthritis prevalence, the only patients benefiting from ACL-R were those undergoing concomitant meniscectomy with reconstruction.
A new species of <i>Berkheya</i> (Asteraceae, Arctotideae) from the Northern Cape, South Africa
Authors: Bergh Nicola G. , Helme Nick A. 
Published: September 2014

Background: Berkheya is a large, mainly southern African genus of approximately 75 species, several of which are poorly known and under-collected. Since revision in 1959, only a few new species have been described. Publication of new taxa facilitates conservation objectives and contributes to a better understanding of the southern African flora.Objectives: The objectives of this study were to describe a new species of Berkheya, consider its taxonomic position within the genus and assess its conservation status.Methods: Macromorphology and micromorphology of the new species were compared with known species.Results: Berkheya dumicola N.G.Bergh Helme was described from two subpopulations from the northern Bokkeveld escarpment, Northern Cape Province, South Africa. The species is a tall shrub with radiate flowerheads, toothed receptacle alveole margins, a uniseriate pappus of small, rounded scales and very short twin-hairs on the cypsela.Conclusion: Berkheya dumicola is a new species with a unique combination of features. Based on morphological characteristics, its closest relative within the genus is likely to be the recently describedBerkheya chrysanthemoides J.C.Manning Goldblatt. The limited geographic extent and small population size of B. dumicola warrant an International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) status of ‘Endangered’.
A Cross-Sectional Study of Physical Activity and Health-Related Quality of Life in an Elderly Indonesian Cohort
Authors: Clifford Angela , Rahardjo Tri Budi , Bandelow Stephan , Hogervorst Eef 
Published: September 2014

Introduction: Improving health-related quality of life (QoL) may have far-reaching clinical implications, and previous studies have shown associations between participation in physical activity and higher QoL. However, it is unclear which types of physical activity are particularly beneficial and how much of this relationship is explained by instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) following physical activity. Method: This observational study measured frequency of participation in several different physical activities and IADL scores in a large elderly, community-dwelling sample. Hierarchical regression analyses were used to assess relationships between these variables and self-rated QoL using the Medical Outcome Survey SF-36 questionnaire. Findings: Participation in walking was found to be associated with higher QoL ratings in older men and women. IADL scores were correlated with QoL ratings but only partially mediated the association between walking and QoL. Participation in other types of physical activity was not significantly associated with QoL ratings. Conclusion: Walking may be recommended alongside treatment for illness or disability due to its potential benefits to QoL and treatment outcomes. Further research should investigate the role of physical fitness in this relationship, to determine whether these findings can be replicated in different populations.
The Fish Pain Debate: Broadening Humanity’s Moral Horizon
Authors: Elder Maximilian Padden 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis article explores the moral complexities and inconsistencies in the perception of fish welfare; mainly, that fish lack the ability to suffer and, therefore, exist outside of humanity’s moral horizon. The science behind fish sentience has advanced to the point where a serious discussion on the human-fish relationship is warranted. It is argued that enough scientific evidence exists to provide evidence for fish sentience and suffering. However, for those unconvinced in light of the lack of both scientific and popular consensus, the precautionary principle, where we treat fish as if they may suffer, will ultimately be advocated as an appropriate approach to fish welfare.
Risk Factors for the Development of Animal Cruelty
Authors: Gullone Eleonora 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Research shows that animal cruelty shares many of the aetiologial pathways and risk factors that have been shown for other aggressive behaviors. The shared aetiology not only aids understanding of the co-occurrence that has been documented between animal cruelty and other aggressive and antisocial crimes, it also highlights the dangers over and above those to animals that are lurking where animal cruelty offenders remain unidentified and their crimes remain unsanctioned. This article reviews current understandings about the development of antisocial behaviors, including human aggression, and animal cruelty behaviors. Available research leads one to ask, when individuals have been found to be guilty of animal cruelty, what other aggressive behaviors might they be guilty of? For young children, one must ask, are they victims of child abuse, are they living in circumstances of domestic violence, and/or what is the aggression or violence that they may have been witness to? Animal cruelty, and most aggressive behaviors from the later childhood years onward, are indicators of non-normative development. Early detection of such behaviors can provide a valuable opportunity to engage in preventative intervention for young people or for appropriate sanctions to be applied for adults. Such interventions would be beneficial for all, humans and animals alike.
Thinking About Earth, 20 Years Later: Reconsidering Stephen Clark’s Ecological Theology
Authors: Feehan Ross 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
This review commemorates the 20th anniversary of Stephen Clark’s explication of ecological thought. After appraising both philosophical and theological perspectives, Clark argues that society must awaken to Earth’s "Otherness." I describe Clark’s ecological consciousness and highlight the significance of his book for 21st-century readers.
Targeting of ALK2, a Receptor for Bone Morphogenetic Proteins, Using the Cre/lox System to Enhance Osseous Regeneration by Adipose-Derived Stem Cells
Authors: Peterson Jonathan R. , Eboda Oluwatobi , Agarwal Shailesh , Ranganathan Kavitha , Buchman Steven R. , Lee Min , Wang Stewart C. , Mishina Yuji , Levi Benjamin 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Access to readily available autogenous tissue that regenerates bone would greatly improve clinical care. We believe the osteogenic phenotype caused by mutations in ALK2 can be harnessed in adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) to improve bone tissue engineering. We set out to demonstrate that ALK2 may serve as a novel target to (a) improve in vitro ASC osteogenic differentiation and (b) enhance in vivo bone regeneration and calvarial healing. Transgenic mice were designed using the Cre/lox system to express constitutively active ALK2 (caALK2) with ubiquitously inducible Cre expression after tamoxifen exposure. ASCs from caALK2+/− and caALK2−/− (control) mice were exposed to tamoxifen and assessed for pro-osteogenic gene expression, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, and osteogenic differentiation. Next, ASCs collected from these transgenic mice were analyzed in vivo using a calvarial defect model and analyzed by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and histology. ASCs from caALK2+/− mice had increased BMP signaling as demonstrated by upregulation of pSmad 1/5. ASCs from caALK2+/− mice had enhanced bone signaling and osteogenic differentiation compared with caALK2−/− mice (n = 4, p &lt; .05). Transcription of pro-osteogenic genes at day 7 was significantly higher in ASCs from caALK2-overexpressing mice (Alp, Runx2, Ocn, Opn) (n = 4, p &lt; .05). Using micro-CT and histomorphometry, we found that bone formation was significantly higher in mice treated with caALK2-expressing ASCs in vivo. Using a novel transgenic mouse model, we show that expression of constitutively active ALK2 receptor results in significantly increased ASC osteogenic differentiation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this increased ASC differentiation can be harnessed to improve calvarial healing.
Spatial Distribution of Niche and Stem Cells in Ex Vivo Human Limbal Cultures
Authors: Mariappan Indumathi , Kacham Santhosh , Purushotham Jyothi , Maddileti Savitri , Siamwala Jamila , Sangwan Virender Singh 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Stem cells at the limbus mediate corneal epithelial regeneration and regulate normal tissue homeostasis. Ex vivo cultured limbal epithelial transplantations are being widely practiced in the treatment of limbal stem cell deficiency. In this report, we examined whether the limbal niche cells that nurture and regulate epithelial stem cells coexist in ex vivo limbal cultures. We also compared the inherent differences between explant and suspension culture systems in terms of spatial distribution of niche cells and their effect on epithelial stem cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation in vitro. We report that the stem cell content of both culture systems was similar, explaining the comparable clinical outcomes reported using these two methods. We also showed that the niche cells get expanded in culture and the nestin-positive cells migrate at the leading edges to direct epithelial cell migration in suspension cultures, whereas they are limited to the intact niche in explant cultures. We provide evidence that C/EBPδ-positive, p15-positive, and quiescent, label-retaining, early activated stem cells migrate at the leading edges to regulate epithelial cell proliferation in explant cultures, and this position effect is lost in early suspension cultures. However, in confluent suspension cultures, the stem cells and niche cells interact with each another, migrate in spiraling patterns, and self-organize to form three-dimensional niche-like compartments resembling the limbal crypts and thereby reestablish the position effect. These 3D-sphere clusters are enriched with nestin-, vimentin-, S100-, and p27-positive niche cells and p15-, p21-, p63α-, C/EBPδ-, ABCG2-, and Pax6-positive quiescent epithelial stem cells.
L'art de la multimodalité
Authors: Guillebaud Christine 
Published: September 2014

Cet article examine le concept d’intersection à partir d’observations effectuées sur le terrain des pratiques rituelles en Inde. Ce concept permet de décrire différentes modalités de convergence qui unissent ou différencient les pratiques artistiques que sont la musique, les arts visuels ou encore la danse. Dans la perspective d’une anthropologie du sensible, l’auteure analyse différents procédés de composition consistant à associer des formes esthétiquesa prioridistinctes (ex : une formule rythmique spatialisée autour d’un dessin de sol ; un chant mis en décalage d’un mouvement dansé), ou encore à les dissocier dans certains cadres récents de performance. Cette démarche, fondée sur l’observation de rituelsin situ, est à même d’offrir un cadre de comparaison dépassant le terrain indien et ses spécificités culturelles. On envisagera en effet ces intersections comme de véritables médias de l’efficacité rituelle, tout en s’appuyant sur les théories locales dont ils font l’objet. Quelle est la nature de ces expériences combinant des expressions visuelles et sonores ? Comment les décrire et avec quels outils ? À travers l’association (ou la dissociation) des registres expressifs, comment les acteurs attribuent-ils des valeurs spécifiques ?
Linguistique, anthropologie, ethnomusicologie
Authors: Alvarez-Pereyre Frank 
Published: September 2014

Les disciplines des sciences humaines et sociales se différencient assez largement du fait de leurs objets et de leurs méthodes. Pourtant, plusieurs d’entre elles ont régulièrement mobilisé des modèles interprétatifs similaires : du modèle philologique au modèle neuronal, en passant par les modèles structural et stratégique. Or, il s’avère que de tels modèles ne sont pas que des opérateurs analytiques. Ils ont encore à voir avec les dimensions proprement constitutives des objets étudiés. Dans le même contexte, et sur les mêmes bases, il devient possible de revisiter des problématiques que l’on s’était habitué à qualifier par référence à un champ académique particulier. Ainsi du concept d’action, plutôt rattaché à l’anthropologie, ou de celui de signification, qui relève classiquement de la linguistique. Or, à propos de ces deux notions phare, les objets de la linguistique, de l’anthropologie et de l’ethnomusicologie permettent de dresser des topographies nettement plus denses et subtiles que ce que l’on en disait, révélant par surcroît des principes dynamiques insoupçonnés.
La contramétricité dans les musiques traditionnelles africaines et son rapport au jazz
Authors: Chemillier Marc , Pouchelon Jean , André Julien , Nika Jérôme 
Published: September 2014

La mise en mouvement du corps à travers la danse, la présence d’une pulsation régulière qui rythme ces mouvements et le fait de contrecarrer cette pulsation par des événements musicaux placés à côté, ce qu’on appelle la « contramétricité », sont des points communs à la plupart des musiques africaines traditionnelles. Ils témoignent à la fois d’une disposition universelle du système cognitif (capacité du corps humain de se synchroniser avec des signaux sonores périodiques) et d’une dimension profondément culturelle dans la mesure où la contramétricité s’est développée dans ces musiques beaucoup plus qu’ailleurs. On montrera comment cet aspect contramétrique contredit les théories de la perception du rythme inspirées des hypothèses de Lerdahl et Jackendoff. On comparera également ces musiques avec le jazz, car celui-ci a une particularité qui le distingue des musiques africaines, à savoir l’existence de niveaux hiérarchiques dans l’organisation métrique, dont on montrera qu’elle n’est pas aussi discriminante que ce qui est généralement admis.
Pourquoi faire simple quand on peut faire compliqué ?
Authors: Helmlinger Aurélie 
Published: September 2014

Comment un instrument de musique à l’ergonomie aussi difficile que ledouble tenor pana-t-il pu se diffuser aussi largement dans lessteelbands, ces orchestres de métallophones de Trinidad et Tobago, alors que l’évolution topologique des autres instruments tendait au contraire vers la rationalisation ? On tentera d’abord de comprendre ce qui rend cet instrument cognitivement si coûteux, puis on analysera ce qui a fait son succès. On verra notamment que le parcours de son concepteur, Bertie Marshall, est essentiel dans la construction des représentations à son égard.