bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Pattern Discovery Via Theme Dictionary Models
Authors: Deng Ke , Geng Zhi , Liu Jun S. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryDiscovering patterns from a set of text or, more generally, categorical data is an important problem in many disciplines such as biomedical research, linguistics, artificial intelligence and sociology. We consider here the well-known ‘market basket’ problem that is often discussed in the data mining community, and is also quite ubiquitous in biomedical research. The data under consideration are a set of ‘baskets’, where each basket contains a list of ‘items’. Our goal is to discover ‘themes’, which are defined as subsets of items that tend to co-occur in a basket. We describe a generative model, i.e. the theme dictionary model, for such data structures and describe two likelihood-based methods to infer themes that are hidden in a collection of baskets. We also propose a novel sequential Monte Carlo method to overcome computational challenges. Using both simulation studies and real applications, we demonstrate that the new approach proposed is significantly more powerful than existing methods, such as association rule mining and topic modelling, in detecting weak and subtle interactions in the data.
Structured Functional Additive Regression in Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces
Authors: Zhu Hongxiao , Yao Fang , Zhang Hao Helen 
Published: October 2013

SummaryFunctional additive models provide a flexible yet simple framework for regressions involving functional predictors. The utilization of a data-driven basis in an additive rather than linear structure naturally extends the classical functional linear model. However, the critical issue of selecting non-linear additive components has been less studied. In this work, we propose a new regularization framework for structure estimation in the context of reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces. The approach proposed takes advantage of functional principal components which greatly facilitates implementation and theoretical analysis. The selection and estimation are achieved by penalized least squares using a penalty which encourages the sparse structure of the additive components. Theoretical properties such as the rate of convergence are investigated. The empirical performance is demonstrated through simulation studies and a real data application.
Palynological approach in upper Quaternary terrestrial carbonates of central Italy: Anything but a ‘mission impossible’
Authors: Bertini Adele , Minissale Angelo , Ricci Marianna 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA palynological survey has been carried out on two late Quaternary travertine s.l. deposits of central Italy at Serre di Rapolano and Bagnoli (Tuscany region). The principal aim was to improve the understanding of factors that affect the accumulation and preservation of pollen grains in thermal (i.e. travertine) and ambient temperature (i.e. calcareous tufa) terrestrial carbonates. For this purpose, 52 526 pollen grains belonging to 118 pollen taxa from local to extra‐regional sources were analysed in 200 samples from different travertine and calcareous tufa lithofacies. Of these, 97 samples, generally from thermal travertines, were barren in palynomorphs. By contrast, pollen grains in the remaining samples were well‐preserved and did not show differential preservation features. These observations suggest that the pH of the solutions from which travertine or tufa precipitate is not a limiting factor in causing corrosion and/or destruction of pollen grains. Rather, the barrenness recorded in many samples appears to reflect a paucity of pollen rather than post‐depositional destruction. Results suggest that the depositional energy of the environment during the deposition of travertine plays an important role in controlling pollen concentration, as verified in both depressions (lower energy to higher pollen concentration) and slopes (higher energy to lower pollen concentration), respectively. Analysis of pollen data suggests that relatively high depositional temperatures and rates of carbonate deposition are also major limiting factors for efficient accumulation of pollen grains. Results of this study reveal that understanding pollen taphonomy processes in travertine and calcareous tufa is critical to developing accurate palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic reconstructions.
Stalking: Does it Leave a Psychological Footprint?
Authors: Diette Timothy M. , Goldsmith Arthur H. , Hamilton Darrick , Darity William , McFarland Katherine 
Published: October 2013

ObjectivesThis article offers new evidence on whether stalking damages the mental health of female victims. This study advances the literature by accounting for age of initial stalking victimization, mental health status prior to being stalked, and exposure to other forms of traumatic victimization.MethodsUsing logistical analysis, we utilize data drawn from three large national data sets.ResultsWe find that being the victim of stalking as a young adult, ages 18–45, significantly increases the odds of initial onset of psychological distress; however, this is not the case for victims ages 12–17.ConclusionsStalking has emerged as a deeply disturbing public issue because of its prevalence and the fear it creates in victims. Unfortunately, little is known about the psychological consequences of being stalked because the emerging literature typically is based on small, nonrandom samples. Our findings highlight the benefits of reducing stalking and the importance of supporting victims.
Using Contextualized Geographically Weighted Regression to Model the Spatial Heterogeneity of Land Prices in Beijing, China
Authors: Harris Rich , Dong Guanpeng , Zhang Wenzhong 
Published: October 2013

AbstractGeographically Weighted Regression (GWR) is a method of spatial statistical analysis allowing the modeled relationship between a response variable and a set of covariates to vary geographically across a study region. Its use of geographical weighting arises from the expectation that observations close together by distance are likely to share similar characteristics. In practice, however, two points can be geographically close but socially distant because the contexts (or neighborhoods) within which they are situated are not alike. Drawing on a previous study of geographically and temporally weighted regression, in this article we develop what we describe as contextualized Geographically Weighted Regression (CGWR), applying it to the field of hedonic house price modeling to examine spatial heterogeneity in the land parcel prices of Beijing, China. Contextual variables are incorporated into the analysis by adjusting the geographical weights matrix to measure proximity not only by distance but also with respect to an attribute space defined by measures of each observation's neighborhood. Comparing CGWR with GWR suggests that adding the contextual information improves the model fit.
The Geography, Structure, and Evolution of the GIS Research Community in the US: A Network Analysis from 1992 to 2011
Authors: Mao Liang 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe research community of Geographic Information Systems and Science (GIS) has been growing rapidly during the last two decades. Little attention has been paid to understanding its geography, structure and evolution. Taking a new organizational perspective, this article aims to fill the knowledge gap by analyzing collaboration and citation networks between GIS research organizations, including academic institutions, government agencies, businesses, and others. These two networks are analyzed in geographical and bibliographical spaces, respectively, to discover characteristic distributions and structures. The results show an uneven geographic distribution of GIS research organizations, and clustered spatial interactions between them. Both collaboration and citation networks exhibit typical “scale‐free” structures, which came into being around the year 2000 and have remained to the present. Further, the GIS research community is composed of 11 cohesive sub‐groups, with each having a clear hub‐spoke structure and a few highly connected organizations as leaders. These results shed light on the overall picture of the GIS research community, and offer a reference system that stimulates further exploration.
Hepatitis E virus infection as a new probable cause of de novo membranous nephropathy after kidney transplantation
Authors: Taton B. , Moreau K. , Lepreux S. , Bachelet T. , Trimoulet P. , De Ledinghen V. , Pommereau A. , Ronco P. , Kamar N. , Merville P. , Couzi L. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractHepatitis E virus (HEV) has been identified as a cause of chronic viral hepatitis in immunocompromised patients. Some glomerular diseases were found to be associated with this infection. We report the first case, to our knowledge, of a kidney transplant recipient who developed an HEV infection and de novo membranous nephropathy (MN) concomitantly. The patient displayed a hepatic cytolysis first and a nephrotic syndrome occurred 3 months later. HEV infection was diagnosed upon positive polymerase chain reaction on plasma and stool samples, and renal allograft biopsy revealed de novo MN. Typical causes of MN were definitively excluded. A 3‐month course of ribavirin monotherapy allowed the patient to mount a sustained viral response that was rapidly followed by complete remission of the nephrotic syndrome. The chronology of the onset and remission of both diseases is highly suggestive of a causal relationship between hepatitis E and MN.
Efficacy and side effects of praziquantel in the treatment for Schistosoma mansoni infection in school children in Senbete Town, northeastern Ethiopia
Authors: Reta Birehanu , Erko Berhanu 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the efficacy and side effects of praziquantel in the treatment for Schistosoma mansoni infection in school children in Senbete Town, northeastern Ethiopia.MethodsA single stool specimen was collected from 342 school children and examined for S. mansoni ova using Kato–Katz technique (single slide) and formol‐ether concentration technique. Positive individuals were treated with a single oral dose of praziquantel at 40 mg/kg body weight. Egg reduction and cure rates were assessed 4 weeks post‐treatment. Structured questionnaires were also used to collect pre‐treatment and 24‐h post‐treatment signs and symptoms to assess side effects of the drug.ResultsPraziquantel reduced the egg rate by 79.46% and achieved a cure rate of 82.89% 4 weeks post‐treatment. 86.67% of the children presented at least one transient drug‐related sign and symptom 24‐h post‐treatment.ConclusionPraziquantel demonstrated sufficient efficacy against S. mansoni in Senbete Town, northeastern Ethiopia. Mild and transient signs and symptoms associated with therapy disappeared within 24 h without specific treatment.
Low prevalence of renal dysfunction in HIV‐infected pregnant women: implications for guidelines for the prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission of HIV
Authors: Myer Landon , Kamkuemah Monika , Kaplan Richard , Bekker Linda‐Gail 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectiveEmerging international guidelines for the prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission of HIV infection across sub‐Saharan Africa call for the initiation of a triple‐drug antiretroviral regimen containing tenofovir, a potentially nephrotoxic agent, in all HIV‐infected pregnant women at the first antenatal clinic visit. While there are significant benefits to the rapid initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in pregnancy, there are few data on the prevalence of pre‐existing renal disease in HIV‐infected pregnant women and in turn, the potential risks of this approach are not well understood.MethodsWe analysed data on renal function in consecutive patients eligible for ART at a large primary healthcare clinic in Cape Town. All individuals were screened for renal dysfunction via serum creatinine and estimation of creatinine clearance via the Cockroft–Gault equation.ResultsOver a 2‐year period, 238 pregnant women, 1014 non‐pregnant women and 609 men were screened to initiate ART. Pregnant women eligible were significantly younger, in earlier stages of HIV disease, had higher CD4 cell counts and lower HIV viral loads, than non‐pregnant adults. The median serum creatinine in pregnant women (46 µmol/L) was significantly lower and the median creatinine clearance (163 ml/min/1.73 m2) was significantly higher than other groups (P < 0.001 and P = 0.004, respectively). Fewer than 1% of pregnant women had moderate renal dysfunction before ART initiation, with no instances of severe dysfunction observed, compared to 7% moderate or severe renal dysfunction in non‐pregnant women or men (P < 0.001).ConclusionRenal dysfunction in HIV‐infected pregnant women is significantly less common than in other HIV‐infected adults eligible for ART. The risks associated with initiating tenofovir immediately in pregnant women before reviewing serum creatinine results may be limited, and the benefits of rapid ART initiation in pregnancy may outweigh possible risks of nephrotoxicity.
Product Complexity, Quality of Institutions and the Protrade Effect of Immigrants
Authors: Briant Anthony , Combes Pierre‐Philippe , Lafourcade Miren 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe paper assesses the trade‐creating impact of foreign‐born residents on the international imports and exports of the French regions where they are settled. The protrade effect of immigrants is investigated along two intertwined dimensions: the complexity of traded goods and the quality of institutions in partner countries. The trade‐enhancing impact of immigrants is, on average, more salient when they come from a country with weak institutions. However, this positive impact is especially large on the imports of simple products. When we turn to complex goods, for which the information channel conveyed by immigrants is the most valuable, immigration enhances imports regardless of the quality of institutions in the partner country. Regarding exports, immigrants substitute for weak institutions on both simple and complex goods.
Efficacy of eight commercial disinfectants against Microsporum canis and Trichophyton spp. infective spores on an experimentally contaminated textile surface
Authors: Moriello Karen A. , Kunder Darcie , Hondzo Hanna 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundAn important part of treatment of dermatophytosis is the removal of infective material and decontamination of the environment. It is recognized that the role of disinfectants is to kill infective material not removed during the mechanical removal of debris and gross cleaning steps. A widely used disinfectant in the home is a dilute solution of sodium hypochlorite.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo determine whether over‐the‐counter products, particularly ready‐to‐use formulations, with label claim as fungicidal are effective against Microsporum or Trichophyton spores isolated from cat hair.MethodsEight commercial disinfectants were tested in vitro for fungicidal efficacy using three different trials and a 10 min contact time, as follows: a standard 1:10 spore dilution suspension test; 1 and 5 mL of disinfectant solution applied to contaminated gauze fabric; and, to simulate home use, one and five sprays of disinfectant applied to contaminated gauze. Good efficacy was defined as a product that completely inhibited growth.ResultsAll products completely inhibited growth in the suspension test. Four of eight products showed complete inhibition of growth of both pathogens on the textile test after 1 mL or one spray; however, all eight products showed complete inhibition of pathogen growth after 5 mL or five sprays.Conclusions and clinical importanceAggressive removal of contaminated material followed by thorough application of commercial ready‐to‐use disinfectants labelled as fungicidal against Trichophyton mentagrophytes are alternatives to dilute sodium hypochlorite.
Retrospective evaluation of hyperosmolar hyperglycemia in 66 dogs (1993–2008)
Authors: Trotman Tara K. , Drobatz Kenneth J. , Hess Rebecka S. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectivesTo clinically characterize a large group of dogs with the hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) and to determine whether 2HHSsubgroups, dogs with hyperosmolar ketonuric (HK) diabetes mellitus (DM) and dogs with hyperosmolar nonketonuric (HNK)DMwere clinically different from one another.DesignRetrospective study. Records of 1,250 diabetic dogs that were examined between January 1993 and July 2008 were reviewed in order to identify dogs withHHS. Inclusion required a calculated serum osmolality ≥325 mOsm/kg, with or without ketonuria.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsSixty‐six dogs with HHS including 34 dogs withHK, 25 dogs withHNK, and 7 dogs with unclassifiedHHS.InterventionsNone.Measurements and Main ResultsHHSwas diagnosed in 5% of dogs withDM.HKandHNKdogs were similar to one another in regard to most historical, physical examination, and clinicopathologic variables as well as outcome. Sixty‐two percent of dogs withHHSsurvived to discharge from the hospital. Poor outcome ofHHSdogs was associated with abnormal mental status (P= 0.03) and a low venous pH (P= 0.045). Dogs withHKwere significantly more likely to have acute pancreatitis (P= 0.046), higher body temperature (P= 0.006), higherWBCcount (P= 0.01), and a shorter duration of clinical signs (P= 0.02) compared to dogs withHNK. Dogs withHNKhad significantly higherBUNand creatinine concentrations (P= 0.0002 andP= 0.008, respectively) and higher calculated osmolality (P= 0.001) compared to dogs withHK.ConclusionsHHSis a rare condition in which poor outcome is associated with abnormal mental status and low venous pH. Among dogs withHHS, the subgroup of dogs withHKhas significantly more acute pancreatitis, shorter duration of clinical signs, and higher body temperature andWBCcount compared to dogs withHNK, whereas dogs withHNKhave more azotemia and higher calculated osmolality compared to dogs withHK.
COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ODONTOGENIC NEOPLASMS IN DOGS
Authors: Amory Joseph T. , Reetz Jennifer A. , Sánchez Melissa D. , Bradley Charles W. , Lewis John R. , Reiter Alexander M. , Mai Wilfried 
Published: October 2013

Odontogenic neoplasms are locally invasive oral tumors in dogs. The purpose of this retrospective study was to describe CT characteristics for varying histopathologic types of canine odontogenic neoplasms. A board‐certified veterinary radiologist who was unaware of histologic findings reviewed and scored imaging studies. A total of 29 dogs were included in the study. Twenty‐three of these dogs had concurrent dental radiographs. The most common CT characteristics for all tumor types were a direct association with or in the region of multiple teeth in 96.4% (27/28), contrast enhancement in 96.3% (26/27), alveolar bone lysis in 93.1% (27/29), and mass‐associated tooth displacement in 85.2% (23/27). Mass‐associated cyst‐like structures were identified in 53.6% (15/28) and were only present in tumors containing odontogenic epithelium. Canine acanthomatous ameloblastomas (n = 15) appeared as extra‐osseous (10/15) or intra‐osseous (5/15) masses. Intra‐osseous canine acanthomatous ameloblastomas were more likely to have mass‐associated cyst‐like structures and were subjectively more aggressive when compared with extra‐osseous canine acanthomatous ameloblastomas. Amyloid‐producing odontogenic tumors (n = 3) had subjectively uniform CT imaging characteristics and consisted of round soft tissue and mineral attenuating masses with multiple associated cyst‐like structures. Fibromatous epulides of periodontal ligament origin (n = 4) were contrast enhancing extra‐osseous masses that were rarely referred for CT examinations and 25% (1/4) were not visible with CT. Other odontogenic tumors were less represented or had more variable CT imaging characteristics. Mass‐associated tooth destruction was appreciated more often with dental radiographs and extra‐oral tumor extension was identified more often with CT.
Innovative Approach to Energy Efficient Buildings From Construction to Services: A Review
Authors: Khalil Essam E. 
Published: October 2013

Attempts to adequately design an optimum HVAC airside system that furnishes comfort and air quality in the air-conditioned spaces with efficient energy consumption represent a great challenge. This paper presents a recent status quo of HVAC airside design for the air-conditioned spaces under holistic approach. The present review summarizes the current status, future requirements, and expectations. It has been found that, the experimental investigations should be considered in the new trend of energy investigations, not to merely to validate the numerical tools, but also to provide a complete database of the airflow characteristics in the air-conditioned spaces. Based on this analysis and the vast progress of computers and associated software, the artificial intelligent technique is sought as a prominent competitor candidate to the experimental and numerical techniques. Finally, the researches that relate between the different designs of the HVAC systems and energy consumption should concern with the optimization of airside design as the expected target to enhance the indoor environment.
The present paper reviews the status quo and critically analyses the appropriate approaches to sustainability.
Improving Energy Efficiency Through Thermal Control of a Modular Data Center
Authors: Guinn John , Gondipalli Srujan 
Published: October 2013

As the IT industry’s demand for greater power density racks grows, the operating cost associated with power and cooling IT equipment remains an ever present concern facing data centers. A key component in reducing Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) for a facility is to optimize their cooling system design. Hewlett-Packard has developed a self contained enclosure for high density servers and mass storage devices called a Modular Data Center (MDC). This unit is intended to reduce issues that have plagued large scale data centers by increasing cooling capacity and efficiency. This paper takes a look at the thermal control logic for the MDC and explains ways to decrease energy costs by developing a thermal control scheme centered on optimizing Power Usage Efficiency (PUE).
Tests were conducted to understand the relationships between fan power and fan speed, facility power and thermal capacity. Areas of large power drains were isolated and analyzed. Tests showed that there are two parts in managing power usage on the MDC, system and facility control. In the development of a smarter control algorithm, the fans and water valve (“system”) performance curves provided a road map to the hardware’s capability. This was accomplished by understanding how key variables such as inlet water temperature, water flow rate and fan speed impact the behavior of server inlet air temperature and cooling capacity.
Facility control comes from optimizing what equipment is in place to support the MDC (i.e. dedicated chiller, campus chiller, pumps, etc…) within a data center. A significant goal of this project was to minimize the dependency MDC has on external cooling by optimizing the variables that affect facility power. For instance controlling heat removal rate and exiting water temperature affects chiller power; while water flow rate affects pump power. Knowledge of your system and facility’s capabilities directly impacts power management.
Thermal performance testing of the heat exchanger in the MDC provided insight into how increasing thermal efficiency at the heat exchanger produced an overall drop in facility power. Tests revealed that the optimized thermal control system achieved an infrastructure energy savings up to 33% with a PUE improvement from 1.35 to 1.23 for a 100KW IT heat load. The results show that characterizing and incorporating the behavior of the fans and heat exchanger into the thermal control system produced an improved Power Usage Efficiency (PUE) and a smarter control method.