bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the effects of tricaine methanesulfonate on retinal structure and function in koi carp (Cyprinus carpio)
Authors: Bailey Kate M. , Hempstead Julie E. , Tobias Jeremy R. , Borst Luke B. , Clode Alison B. , Posner Lysa P. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether repeated exposure to clinically relevant concentrations of tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222) would alter retinal function or induce histologically detectable retinal lesions in koi carp (Cyprinus carpio).
Design—Prospective, controlled, experimental study.
Animals—18 healthy koi carp.
Procedures—2 fish were euthanized at the start of the study, and eyes were submitted for histologic evaluation as untreated controls. Anesthesia was induced in the remaining fish with 200 mg of MS-222/L and maintained with concentrations of 125 to 150 mg/L for a total exposure time of 20 minutes daily on 1 to 13 consecutive days. On days 1, 7, and 13, electroretinography of both eyes was performed in all fish remaining in the study, and 2 fish were euthanized immediately after each procedure for histologic evaluation of the eyes. Median b-wave amplitudes were compared among study days for right eyes and for left eyes via 1-way repeated-measures ANOVA with a Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons.
Results—Median b-wave amplitudes on days 1, 7, and 13 were 17.7, 20.9, and 17.6 μV, respectively, for right eyes and 15.1, 16.9, and 14.3 μV, respectively, for left eyes. No significant differences in b-wave amplitudes were detected among study days. No histopathologic abnormalities were identified in the retinas of any fish treated with MS-222 or in control fish.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Short-term exposure of koi carp to clinically relevant concentrations of MS-222 daily for up to 13 days was not associated with changes in retinal structure or function as measured in this study.
Adequacy of Niacin, Folate, and Vitamin B12 Intakes from Foods: Among Newfoundland and Labrador Adults
Authors: Colbourne Jennifer , Baker Natasha , Wang Peter , Liu Lin , Tucker Christina , Roebothan Barbara 
Published: May 2013

Purpose: Adequacy of intake for niacin, folate, and vitamin B12 from food was estimated in an adult population in Newfoundland and Labrador (NL). Also considered was whether study findings support current Canadian food fortification policies. Methods: Four hundred randomly selected adult NL residents were surveyed by telephone. Secondary analysis was performed on two 24-hour food recalls for each participant. Mean daily intakes of niacin, folate, and vitamin B12 were estimated from foods only and compared by sex/age subgroup. Adequacy of intakes was estimated. Contributions of folate by ready-to-eat cereal and bread products were also estimated. Results: Intakes of all three nutrients were higher in men. In comparison with recommendations, daily niacin intakes were as follows: excessive for 21.9% of all participants (and for 56.8% of men aged 28 to 54), within the recommended range for 73.6%, and less than adequate for 4.5%. In comparison with recommendations, daily folate intakes were as follows: within the recommended range for 18.1% of participants and less than adequate for 81.9%. In comparison with recommendations, daily vitamin B12 intakes were less than adequate for 36.3% of participants. Conclusions: More than 20% of those surveyed were consuming, from food alone, niacin at levels above the maximum recommended. Food fortification policies pertaining to niacin should be revisited. In addition, despite fortification, NL adults may be consuming inadequate amounts of folate from foods.
Filum terminale arteriovenous fistulas: the role of endovascular treatment
Authors: Chanthanaphak Ekachat , Pongpech Sirintara , Jiarakongmun Pakorn , Kobkitsuksakul Chai , Chi Cuong Tran , TerBrugge Karel G. 
Published: May 2013

Object
The authors describe the clinical presentation, imaging features, and management of patients presenting with filum terminale arteriovenous fistulas (FTAVFs) and the role of transarterial treatment in their management.

Methods
The authors retrospectively reviewed data obtained in 10 patients with FTAVFs diagnosed between January 1990 and December 2011.

Results
Most patients (70%) were male, and the age of the population ranged from 31 to 72 years (mean 58.2 years). Clinical presentation was progressive paraparesis and sensory loss in the lower extremities in 9 cases, back pain in 7, radicular pain in 3, bowel/bladder disturbance in 5, and impotence in 1. The duration of symptoms varied between 2 and 24 months. Initial MRI studies showed intramedullary increased T2 signal, swollen cord, and dilated perimedullary veins in all patients. One patient had syringomyelia, presumably caused by venous hypertension transmitted by the perimedullary venous system. Embolization was attempted in 7 patients and was curative in 6 patients. Surgery was performed in the other 4 patients in whom embolization was unsuccessful or deemed not feasible. There was no treatment-related complication in either group. Symptoms, venous congestion in the cord, and syringomyelia improved on follow-up in all patients.

Conclusions
Embolization should be considered the treatment of choice for FTAVFs and can effectively treat the majority of patients presenting with an FTAVF. In a smaller group of patients in whom the angioarchitecture is unfavorable, open surgery is recommended.
Primers for low‐copy nuclear genes in the Hawaiian endemic Clermontia (Campanulaceae) and cross‐amplification in Lobelioideae
Authors: Pillon Yohan , Johansen Jennifer , Sakishima Tomoko , Chamala Srikar , Barbazuk W. Brad , Stacy Elizabeth A. 
Published: May 2013

• Premise of the study: Primers were developed to amplify 12 intron‐less, low‐copy nuclear genes in the Hawaiian genus Clermontia (Campanulaceae), a suspected tetraploid.• Methods and Results: Data from a pooled 454 titanium run of the partial transcriptomes of seven Clermontia species were used to identify the loci of interest. Most loci were amplified and sequenced directly with success in a representative selection of lobeliads even though several of these loci turned out to be duplicated. Levels of variation were comparable to those observed in commonly used plastid and ribosomal markers.• Conclusions: We found evidence of a genome duplication that likely predates the diversification of the Hawaiian lobeliads. Some genes nevertheless appear to be single‐copy and should be useful for phylogenetic studies of Clermontia or the entire Lobelioideae subfamily.
Competencias psicosociales para la convivencia escolar libre de violencia: Experiencia en una primaria pública de Mérida, Yucatán, México
Authors: Baquedano Cinthia , Echeverría Rebelín 
Published: May 2013

En este artículo se describe y analiza una experiencia de intervención en competencias psicosociales para mejorar la convivencia escolar libre de violencia en una primaria pública de Mérida, Yucatán, México. La metodología se basa en la Investigación Acción Participativa con técnicas comunitarias participativas, entrevistas y observaciones. Participaron todos los estudiantes, 54 niñas y 57 niños, docentes y directivos del plantel. Se evidencia la presencia de violencia escolar física y verbal entre pares y el desconocimiento de las profesoras acerca de estrategias para el manejo de dicha situación, limitándose a prácticas conductuales. La intervención con los niños se centró en el desarrollo de competencias como autoconocimiento, empatía, respeto a la diversidad, colaboración-cooperación y resolución de conflictos. Con las maestras el objetivo fue compartir herramientas metodológicas para el desarrollo de dichas competencias. Se discuten los resultados en cuanto a sus objetivos, metodología, técnicas y contribuciones de cada competencia social a la convivencia social libre de violencia.
Emociones como predictores del perdón en el contexto de la violación a los Derechos Humanos en Chile
Authors: Cárdenas Castro Manuel , Ascorra Paula , San Martín Marcela , Rodríguez Marcela , Páez Darío 
Published: May 2013

Se han utilizado datos de una muestra de personas afectadas y no afectadas por la violencia política en Chile (N=1267) para estudiar el rol predictor de las emociones sobre las creencias de perdón. El análisis de regresión múltiple realizado indica que el efecto de las emociones evaluadas, si bien significativo estadísticamente, es poco relevante para la muestra general (R2=0.05). En las víctimas directas el valor del coeficiente de regresión es más elevado que para los otros grupos (R2=0.11). Las emociones que más contribuyen a la explicación son la ira (β=-0.30), el dolor (β=0.26), y la esperanza (β=0.20), indicando que a menores niveles de ira y mayores de dolor y esperanza, mayor es el acuerdo con que las víctimas de la violencia política lograrán perdonar a quienes les han hecho daño en el pasado.
Captioning video clips on the World Wide Web
Authors: Freed Geoff 
Published: May 2013

- public broadcasting's Web site visited by more than 2,000 users a day - as its test-bed for research and field-testing of solutions. The Web Access Project is made possible by the support of the Telecommunications Funding Partnership for People with Disabilities, and The Boston Foundation.
This paper will describe NCAM's prototype method for captioning QuickTime video clips. The current technology employed is Apple Macintosh-based only but the captioned movies operate on either Macintosh or PC platforms. It is important to note that the procedures described in this paper represent solutions still under development. They are likely to change as technology improves.
Do novel oral anticoagulants do better than standard therapy in the treatment of deep vein thrombosis?
Authors: Brodmann M. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryThe focus of DVT treatment is the prevention of recurrence and thrombus migration by treatment with anticoagulants. The aim is to improve outcomes by reducing clot burden and by preventing thrombus propagation, in order to prevent PE and the development of long-term complication. Actually, initial therapy is parenteral anticoagulation, mainly with low molecular weight heparin followed by a vitamin K antagonist (VKA) for triggered and idiopathic DVT. The long term treatment suggestion with a VKA is for sure the most challenging therapeutic scenario, showing all the disadvantages of VKA especially in the onset phase when therapeutic levels of VKA are difficult to achieve.The difference between VKAs and NOACs is the fact, that NOACs target a specific factor in the coagulation cascade. At time now two pathways have been chosen for treatment options, the direct inhibition of active sites of thrombin and factor Xa. Routine monitoring is not required and the drugs can be administered in fixed doses, which should increase patient adherence to long term treatment.At time now, four novel anticoagulants are called to be options for DVT treatment. Rivaroxaban, apixaban and edoxaban are direct FXa inhibitors, whereas dabigtran etexilate is a direct thrombin inhibitor.
A Self‐Standing and Flexible Electrode of Li4Ti5O12 Nanosheets with a N‐Doped Carbon Coating for High Rate Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Na , Zhou Guangmin , Li Feng , Wen Lei , Cheng Hui‐Ming 
Published: May 2013

AbstractFlexible energy‐storage devices have attracted growing attention with the fast development of bendable electronic systems. Thus, the search for reliable electrodes with both high mechanical flexibility and excellent electron and lithium‐ion conductivity has become an urgent task. Carbon‐coated nanostructures of Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) have important applications in high‐performance lithium ion batteries (LIBs). However, these materials still need to be mixed with a binder and carbon black and pressed onto metal substrates or, alternatively, by be deposited onto a conductive substrate before they are assembled into batteries, which makes the batteries less flexible and have a low energy density. Herein, a simple and scalable process to fabricate LTO nanosheets with a N‐doped carbon coating is reported. This can be assembled into a film which can be used as a binder‐free and flexible electrode for LIBs that does not require any current collectors. Such a flexible electrode has a long life. More significantly, it exhibits an excellent rate capability due to the thin carbon coating and porous nanosheet structures, which produces a highly conductive pathway for electrons and fast transport channels for lithium ions.
(Super)hydrophobic and Multilayered Amphiphilic Films Prepared by Continuous Assembly of Polymers
Authors: Guntari Stefanie N. , Khin Aaron C. H. , Wong Edgar H. H. , Goh Tor K. , Blencowe Anton , Caruso Frank , Qiao Greg G. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe continuous assembly of polymers (CAP) is used to fabricate tailored nanocoatings on a wide variety of substrates. Ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) is used to mediate the CAP process (CAPROMP) to assemble specifically designed macromolecules into nanoengineered crosslinked films. Different films composed of single or multiple macromolecules are used to tune the surface wetting characteristics on various planar substrates, including porous substrates such as filter paper and cotton, and non‐porous subtrates such as aluminium foil and glass. By judicious selection of the macromolecules, these substrates, which are hydrophilic in nature, can be rendered (super)hydrophobic. The robustness of the ROMP catalysts and the reinitiation ability of the CAPROMP approach allow the production of layered multicomponent amphiphilic films with on‐demand switchable wettability. Such functional nanocoatings can be potentially applied as self‐cleaning surfaces, as waterproof woven fabrics, and for the next generation of microelectronic devices.
Relay Redox and Lewis Acid Catalysis in the Titanocene‐ Catalyzed Multicomponent Assembly of 1,5‐Enynes
Authors: Lepore Antonio J. , Pinkerton David M. , Ashfeld Brandon L. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractHerein we describe a direct, multicomponent assembly of 1,5‐enynes. The titanocene‐catalyzed coupling of an aryl aldehyde, iodoalkyne, and allylsilane enables the convergent and rapid synthesis of this versatile architectural motif in good to excellent yields.
Observation of Microstructural Evolution in Li Battery Cathode Oxide Particles by In Situ Electron Microscopy
Authors: Miller Dean J. , Proff Christian , Wen J. G. , Abraham Daniel P. , Bareño Javier 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe developed a simple approach to carry out in situ electron microscopy of single Li‐ion battery cathode particles during electrochemical cycling. We focused on Li(Ni0.8Co0.15Al0.05)O2‐based cathode materials because life‐cycle tests suggest a strong contribution of the cathode material to changes in cell impedance. In situ scanning electron microscopy was carried out operando during cycling and at various stages by interrupted cycling. Our work revealed several important aspects of cathode oxide particle dynamics: significant separations develop between grains even during the very first charge (oxide delithiation) and electrolyte penetration through that crack network all the way into the particle interior. Comparing these results to post‐test microstructural characterization of oxide particles subjected to extensive cycling confirms the occurrence of these processes in practical cells and suggests that the physical separation and isolation of grains may contribute to performance degradation of lithium‐ion cells.
Familial trisomy 6p in mother and daughter
Authors: Savarese Marco , Grandone Anna , Perone Lucia , Blanco Francesca Del Vecchio , De Luca Giuseppina , Di Fruscio Giuseppina , Fogu Giuseppina , Piluso Giulio , Perrone Laura , del Giudice Emanuele Miraglia , Nigro Vincenzo 
Published: May 2013

AbstractSeveral patients with partial trisomy 6p resulting from parental balanced translocations or from a de novo duplication or insertion have already been described. Here, we report on the first case of familial pure trisomy 6p as a result of interstitial tandem duplication. The patient, an 11‐year‐old female, presented with mild dysmorphic features, moderate intellectual disability with behavioral disturbances, immunodeficiency, and epilepsy. Conventional cytogenetic analysis showed a duplication of the 6p region in the patient and in her mother presenting with a partially overlapping phenotype. The rearrangement was confirmed and defined by molecular cytogenetic analysis, including FISH and array CGH analysis showing a gain of ∼13.8 Mb from 6p12.3 to 6p21.31. The phenotype of a pure partial trisomy 6p is extremely heterogeneous depending on the gene contents of the duplicated region. The clinical features of our patients have been compared with overlapping cases from the literature. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Brief communication: A midtarsal (midfoot) break in the human foot
Authors: DeSilva Jeremy M. , Gill Simone V. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThe absence of a midtarsal break has long been regarded as a derived feature of the human foot. Humans possess a rigid midfoot that acts as an efficient lever during the propulsive phase of bipedal gait. Non‐human primates, in contrast, have a more mobile midfoot that is adaptive for tree climbing. Here, we report plantar pressure and video evidence that a small percentage of modern humans (n = 32/398) possess both elevated lateral midfoot pressures and even exhibit midfoot dorsiflexion characteristic of a midtarsal break. Those humans with a midtarsal break had on average a significantly flatter foot than those without. Midtarsal breakers also had significantly more medial weight transfer (pronation) during the stance phase of gait than those without this midfoot mobility. These data are in accordance with Elftman (Clin Orthop 16 (1960) 41–45) who suggested that pronation aligns the axes of the transverse tarsal joint, permitting elevated midfoot mobility. Am J Phys Anthropol 151:495–499, 2013.© 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of the dispersion of nano titanium dioxide on the tribological performance of fabric self‐lubricating liner
Authors: Qi Xiaowen , Jia Zhining , Yang Yulin 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTNanoparticles with unique properties have been widely used in various fields. The tribological performance of the fabric self‐lubricating liner, which is used as the main component of spherical plain bearings, directly affects the bearing service life. The purpose of this study was to prepare a self‐lubricating liner enhanced with nano titanium dioxide (nano‐TiO2) by dispersion technology. The effects of several factors on the dispersion of nano‐TiO2 were studied in detail. The effects of the dispersion of nano‐TiO2 on the tribological properties of a self‐lubricating liner were analyzed comparatively. The best dispersing conditions were determined through experiments and statistical characterization. From the results of the tribological tests, the fabric self‐lubricating liner reinforced with nano‐TiO2 showed better antifriction and wear‐resistant properties than that without nanoparticles. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 2100–2105, 2013
Synthesis of azobenzene‐containing side chain liquid crystalline diblock copolymers using RAFT polymerization and photo‐responsive behavior
Authors: Sun Wuqiong , He Xiaohua , Liao Xiaojuan , Lin Shaoliang , Huang Wei , Xie Meiran 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTWell‐defined azobenzene‐containing side chain liquid crystalline diblock copolymers composed of poly[6‐[4‐(4‐methoxyphenylazo)phenoxy]hexyl methacrylate] (PAzoMA) and poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) were synthesized by a two‐step reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT). The thermal liquid‐crystalline phase behavior of the PGMA‐b‐PAzoMA diblock copolymers in bulk were measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarized light microscopy (POM). The synthesized diblock copolymers exhibited a smectic and nematic liquid crystalline phase over a relatively wide temperature range. With increasing the weight fraction of the PAzoMA block, the phase transition temperatures, and corresponding enthalpy changes increased. Atomic force microscope (AFM) measurements confirmed the formation of the microphase separation in PGMA‐b‐PAzoMA diblock copolymer thin films and the microphase separation became more obvious after cross‐linking the PGMA block. The photochemical transition behavior of the PGMA‐b‐PAzoMA diblock copolymers in solution and in thin films were investigated by UV–vis spectrometry. It was found that the trans–cis isomerization of diblock copolymers was slower than that of the corresponding PAzoMA homopolymer and the photoisomerization rates decreased with increasing either the length of PAzoMA block or PGMA block. The photo‐induced isomerization in solid films was quite different with that in CHCl3 solution due to the aggregation of the azobenzene chromophore. The cross‐linking structures severely suppressed the photoisomerization of azobenzene chromophore. These results may provide guidelines for the design of effective photo‐responsive anisotropic materials. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 2165–2175, 2013
Preparation of polypropylene single‐polymer composites by injection molding
Authors: Wang Jian , Mao Qianchao , Chen Jinnan 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThe hot compaction process is still the principle method to produce single‐polymer composites (SPCs) at present, which limits the industrial mass production of SPCs. In this article, an approach of preparing SPCs by injection molding was demonstrated. Polypropylene (PP) SPCs were prepared at different temperature and pressure. The flexural properties of the PP SPCs were tested. The optimum processing parameters, injection pressure of 140 MPa and nozzle temperature of 220°C were obtained. Flexural strength of the PP SPCs reached up to 43.3 MPa, which is 54.2% higher than that of nonreinforced PP. Flexural strength can be promoted by raising the injection pressure and nozzle temperature. The morphology of the fibers in the PP SPCs was investigated by optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy techniques. The matrix melt was able to penetrate into fiber webs under appropriate temperature and pressure, good interfacial compatibility and bonding properties were obtained. As the injection and holding pressure increased, the penetration capacity could be improved and the arrangement of fibers tended to be closer. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 2176–2183, 2013
The influence of injection molding parameters on electrical properties of PC/ABS‐MWCNT nanocomposites
Authors: Wegrzyn Marcin , Juan Sara , Benedito Adolfo , Giménez Enrique 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThe influence of injection molding parameters on electrical properties and morphology of PC/ABS‐MWCNT nanocomposites is presented in this article. Investigation is based on the masterbatch of 5.0 wt % carbon nanotubes obtained by melt‐mixing. Further processing includes dilution of this nanocomposite to desired concentrations on twin‐screw extruder and injection molding or direct dilution of masterbatch in injection molding. Additionally, reprocessing of materials formed by compression and injection molding is presented along with the change in electrical conductivity. Morphology differs strongly between the two processing paths showing change in agglomeration behavior between nanotubes concentrations. Electrical properties show dependence on injection velocity and melt temperature in both applied processing paths. Moreover, electrical conductivity recovery is proved after injection and compression molding. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 2152–2158, 2013