bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sequencing situations with position‐dependent effects under cooperation
Authors: Saavedra‐Nieves A. , Mosquera M. A. , Fiestras‐Janeiro M. G. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper innovatively addresses the effect of cooperation on sequencing situations with position‐dependent effects. Specifically, we ensure the convexity of the associated sequencing games under the fulfillment of certain conditions related to the neighbor switching gains. Additionally, we propose two families of allocation rules based on sharing the neighbor switching gains under two distinct procedures, each providing a path from the initial order to an optimal order. From a theoretical point of view, an axiomatization of both families of allocations is provided, and their stability is also ensured under the conditions related to convexity.
Stable clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats‐based genome editing in Harmonia axyridis
Authors: Partosh Tamir , Davidovitz Michael , Firer Noa , Pines Gur 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHarmonia axyridis (Pallas), commonly known as the Asian lady beetle, is a native insect species of Asia that has been intentionally introduced to various regions for biocontrol purposes. However, its widespread presence beyond its original release sites suggests a high degree of invasiveness. In this study, we utilized the CRISPR‐Cas9 approach to achieve precise genome editing in H. axyridis. Specifically, we targeted two genes in H. axyridis, laccase2 and scarlet, knockdown of which orthologues in other insects showed visible phenotypic changes. The knockout laccase2 resulted not only in an early‐detectable phenotype but also in lethality. However, we successfully established a viable and genetically stable mutant colony by disrupting the scarlet gene, resulting in beetles with white eyes. Our findings contribute to the expanding knowledge of genetic manipulation in H. axyridis and provide insights into its potential for future research and practical applications for biocontrol and invasive species management.
Gender, attachment, and demand/withdraw patterns in the context of moderate couple conflict in cisgender, heterosexual relationships
Authors: Seedall Ryan B. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA common pattern in couple relationships is demand/withdraw. Within this pattern, one partner seeks connection, change, and resolution of the issue, whereas the other seeks to end the discussion and limit closeness. We sought to further understand and update the literature by examining the relationship of gender and attachment (both self‐report and narrative discourse) with demand/withdraw behaviors during moderate couple conflict. Using data from 63 cisgender, heterosexual couples, we used the actor–partner interdependence model within multilevel modeling, to explore the research questions. Findings revealed that during the woman's issue, men were more likely to withdraw. During the man's issue, preoccupied attachment in either partner was associated with more demand and women higher in attachment anxiety were more likely to demand. Demand behaviors in one partner were also associated with withdraw behaviors in the other (and vice versa). In this article, we discuss the research and clinical implications of these findings.
Clinical profile of paediatric acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in Western Australia: 1987 to 2020
Authors: Kumar Mohit , Little James , Pearce Sarah , MacDonald Bradley , Greenland Melanie , Tarca Adrian , Ramsay James , Katzenellenbogen Judith , Yim Deane 
Published: July 2024

AimTo describe the clinical profile of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) presentations to paediatric cardiology tertiary services in Western Australia (WA).MethodsA retrospective clinical audit of individuals with confirmed ARF referred to the only paediatric tertiary cardiac service in WA (1 January 1987 to 31 December 2020). Comparisons between inpatient, outpatient, remote and non‐remote groups were assessed.ResultsFour hundred seventy‐one episodes of ARF in 457 individuals (235 male; median age = 8 years) met clinical criteria. The majority were Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children (91.2%), with 62.1% living in remote areas. The number of ARF and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) diagnoses per year increased from 1987 to 2017 with notable peaks in 2013 and 2017. The average annual incidence of tertiary‐referred ARF in WA of 4–15‐year‐olds from 1987 to 2020 was 4.96 per 100 000. ARF features included carditis (59.9%), chorea (31%), polyarthritis (30%) and polyarthralgia (24.2%). RHD was evident in 61.8% of cases and predominantly manifested as mitral regurgitation (55.7%). Thirty‐four children (7.4%) with severe RHD underwent valvular surgery. 12% had at least one recurrent ARF episode. Remote individuals had more than double the rate of recurrence compared to non‐remote individuals (P = 0.0058). Compared to non‐remote episodes, remote presentations had less polyarthritis (P = 0.0022) but greater proportions of raised ESR (P = 0.01), ASOT titres (P = 0.0073), erythema marginatum (P = 0.0218) and severe RHD (P = 0.0133).ConclusionThe high proportion of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians affected by ARF/RHD in WA reflects the significant burden of disease within this population. Children from remote communities were more likely to present with concurrent severe RHD. Our study reinforces the persisting need to improve primary and secondary ARF initiatives in rural and remote communities.
Feasibility and usability of three consecutive nights with self‐applied, home polysomnography
Authors: Ferretti Dimitri , Islind Anna S. , Ólafsdóttir Kristín A. , Sigurdardottir Sigridur , Jóhannsdóttir Kamilla R. , Hedner Jan , Grote Ludger , Arnardottir Erna Sif 
Published: July 2024

SummaryIn‐laboratory polysomnography, the gold‐standard for diagnosing sleep disorders, is resource‐demanding and not conducive to multiple night evaluations. Ambulatory polysomnography, especially when self‐applied, could be a viable alternative. This study aimed to assess the feasibility and reliability of self‐applied polysomnography over three consecutive nights in untrained participants, assessing: technical success rate; comparing sleep diagnostic variables from single and multiple nights; and evaluating participants' subjective experience. Data were collected from 78 participants (55.1% females) invited to test a self‐applicable polysomnography device for three consecutive nights at home. The technical success rate for valid sleep recordings was 82.5% out of 234 planned study nights, with 87.2% of participants obtaining at least two valid nights. Misclassification of obstructive sleep apnea severity was higher in participants with mild OSA (21.4%) compared with those with moderate‐to‐severe obstructive sleep apnea or no obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep efficiency and wake after sleep onset showed improvement from Night 1 to Night 3 (p < 0.001), and the mean polysomnography set‐up time decreased significantly over this period. Participants reported moderate‐to‐high satisfaction with the device (System Usability Scale score 71.2 ± 12.4). The findings suggest that self‐applied polysomnography is a feasible diagnostic method for untrained individuals at risk for sleep disorders, and that multiple night assessments can improve diagnostic precision for mild obstructive sleep apnea cases.
Potential of heat shock protein inducers in mitigating benzo[α]pyrene toxicity in stellate sturgeon fingerlings (Acipenser stellatus): Assessing the effects on CYP450 and AChE activity, HSP70 expression, antioxidant levels, cortisol, and immunological responses
Authors: Vahdatiraad Leila , Heidari Behrooz , Zarei Sevda , Sohrabi Tooraj , Ghafouri Hossein 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBenzo[α]pyrene (BαP), a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), is a significant contaminant in the environment, which accumulates and is toxic to invertebrates and fish. The present study aimed to determine the acute toxicity of sublethal concentrations of BαP in the presence of the heat shock protein (HSP) inducer (HSPi) on CYP450 activity, HSP70 gene expression, antioxidant levels, immunological alterations, and AChE activity in stellate sturgeon fingerlings. Two‐hundred and forty fish were exposed to 100 mg L−1 of Nopal endurance (HSPi) for 4 h. In the next step, the fish were exposed to BαP concentrations equivalent to 25%, 50%, and 75% of the 96‐h LC50 values. Sampling was carried out on the first, third, and sixth days of the experiment, and the samples were analyzed using two‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA), cluster analysis (CA), and principal component analysis (PCA). The CYP450 activity significantly increased under BαP treatments. Higher expression of the HSP70 gene was observed in the higher concentration of HSPi + BαP treatments. The lowest AChE activity was observed in BαP treatments. However, the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and total antioxidant activity enzymes and immunological responses (lysozyme, IgM, and C3) increased by using HSPi. It can be concluded that the HSP inducer significantly decreased BαP toxicity and resulted in more resistance to stress situations in sturgeon fingerlings.
Legacy and evolution: The Harvey B. Gantt Center for African‐American Arts + Culture
Authors: Barra Monica Patrice 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn 2024, the Harvey B. Gantt Center for African‐American Arts + Culture in Charlotte, North Carolina, celebrates its 50th anniversary. Founded as the as the Afro‐American Cultural and Service Center in 1974 by Mary Harper and Bertha Maxwell‐Roddey at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, this case study reflects on the Gantt Center's evolution from a community‐based cultural space to a full‐fledged arts and cultural institution in uptown Charlotte. It focuses on the opportunities and challenges this Black‐centered and Black‐led institution has faced over the past half century as it has evolved from a grassroots cultural organization to a hybrid fine arts, education, and cultural institution, negotiating the needs of a growing array of funders, leadership, artists, culture keepers, and audiences. Integrating historical material, interviews with past and current Gantt Center staff, and ethnographic observation, this case study describes how this historic institution honors its deep roots as an organization serving to Charlotte's Black community as it grows into a national and international center of Black arts.
A viroid‐derived small interfering RNA targets bHLH transcription factor MdPIF1 to regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in Malus domestica
Authors: Zhang Zhenlu , Li Zhao‐Yang , Zhang Fu‐Jun , Zheng Peng‐Fei , Ma Ning , Li Lianzhen , Li Haojian , Sun Ping , Zhang Shuai , Wang Xiao‐Fei , Lu Xiao‐Yan , You Chun‐Xiang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFruit colour is a critical determinant for the appearance quality and commercial value of apple fruits. Viroid‐induced dapple symptom severely affects the fruit coloration, however, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we identified an apple dimple fruit viroid (ADFVd)‐derived small interfering RNA, named vsiR693, which targeted the mRNA coding for a bHLH transcription factor MdPIF1 (PHYTOCHROME‐INTERACTING FACTOR 1) to regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in apple. 5’ RLM‐RACE and artificial microRNA transient expression system proved that vsiR693 directly targeted the mRNA of MdPIF1 for cleavage. MdPIF1 positively regulated anthocyanin biosynthesis in both apple calli and fruits, and it directly bound to G‐box element in the promoter of MdPAL and MdF3H, two anthocyanin biosynthetic genes, to promote their transcription. Expression of vsiR693 negatively regulated anthocyanin biosynthesis in both apple calli and fruits. Furthermore, co‐expression of vsiR693 and MdPIF1 suppressed MdPIF1‐promoted anthocyanin biosynthesis in apple fruits. Infiltration of ADFVd infectious clone suppressed coloration surrounding the injection sites in apple fruits, while a mutated version of ADFVd, in which the vsiR693 producing region was mutated, failed to repress fruit coloration around the injection sites. These data provide evidence that a viroid‐derived small interfering RNA targets host transcription factor to regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in apple.
Association between commuting and mental health among Japanese adolescents
Authors: Nakajima Suguru , Otsuka Yuichiro , Itani Osamu , Kaneko Yoshiyuki , Suzuki Masahiro , Kaneita Yoshitaka 
Published: July 2024

AimMental health issues in adolescence contribute to various disease burdens later in life and are associated with violence, crime, and suicide. Activities such as sleep, diet, exercise, and time spent using electronic devices are related to declining mental health. However, few studies have examined the association between commuting times to school and mental health. This study tested the hypothesis that high school students' long commuting times are associated with poor mental health.MethodA cross‐sectional study was conducted between October and December 2022 among 2067 students at two private high schools. Survey items included participant information (sex, grade, school), commuting time, mental health status (Patient Health Questionnaire 9 [PHQ‐9]: depressive symptoms, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 [GAD‐7]: anxiety symptoms), lifestyle factors, and sleep‐related factors.ResultsData from 1899 high school students were analyzed. The prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms was 17.3% and 19.0%, respectively. A commuting time of ≥1 h was significantly associated with depressive symptoms (adjusted odds ratio: 1.60 [95% confidence interval]: 1.14–2.24) and anxiety symptoms (adjusted odds ratio: 1.51 [95% confidence interval]: 1.09–2.10). Sex, grade, use of ≥8 h/day of electronic devices, and chronotype were significantly associated with depressive symptoms, while sex, grade, use of ≥8 h/day of electronic devices, and insomnia were significantly associated with anxiety symptoms.ConclusionIt is suggested that long commuting times are associated with poor mental health in high school students. Parents and schools should consider commuting time when advising students on school selection to maintain their mental health.
Target switch costs in visual search arise during the preparatory activation of target templates
Authors: Grubert Anna , Wang Ziyi , Eimer Martin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPrior research on task switching has shown that the reconfiguration of stimulus–response mappings across trials is associated with behavioral switch costs. Here, we investigated the effects of switching representations of target‐defining features in visual search (attentional templates). Participants searched for one of two color‐defined target objects that changed predictably every two trials (Experiment 1) or every four trials (Experiment 2). Substantial costs were observed for search performance on target switch relative to target repeat trials. Preparatory target template activation processes were tracked by measuring N2pc components (indicative of attentional capture) to a rapid series of task‐irrelevant color singleton probes that appeared during the interval between search displays, and either matched the currently relevant or the other target color. N2pcs to relevant target color probes emerged from 800 ms before search display onset on target repetition trials, reflecting the activation of a corresponding color template. Crucially, probe N2pcs only emerged immediately before target onset on target switch trials, indicating that preparatory template activation was strongly delayed. In contrast, irrelevant color singleton probes did not trigger N2pcs on either repeat or switch trials, suggesting the absence of any target template inertia across trials. These results show that switching the identity of search targets delays preparatory target template activation and impairs subsequent attentional guidance processes. They suggest that performance costs on switch versus repeat trials are associated with differences in the time course of task preparation.
Institutional design and the stability of responsiveness in the American states
Authors: LaCombe Scott 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere is a significant body of research investigating how institutions moderate the relationship between public opinion and policy in the American States, but far less attention has been given to understanding the variance of policy change. Some states have remained relatively stable in their ideological trajectory, while other states tend to see large unstable swings in policy.ObjectivesI argue that the variance of policy, not just the mean, is an important component of understanding policy responsiveness. A state's institutional design can influence both the extent to which policymakers follow public opinion and the ease of moving the status quo.MethodsI use a heteroskedastic regression to model policy responsiveness and variance in the state using a measure of the strength of a state’s checks and balance system and a measure of accountability pressure.ResultsStates with a robust checks and balances system see less policy variance, whereas there is mixed evidence that institutions designed to strengthen public opinion’s role in policy are associated with more stable policy. I also find that institutions play a much stronger role in reducing social policy variance compared to economic policy.ConclusionVariance should be incorporated into our understanding of policy responsiveness, and represents another dimension in which institutions may influence the relationship between public opinion and policy.
Phenylalanine ammonia‐lyases and 4‐coumaric acid coenzyme A ligases in Chara braunii, Marchantia polymorpha, and Physcomitrium patens as extant model organisms for plant terrestrialization
Authors: Schwarze Christoph Michael , Petersen Maike 
Published: July 2024

SUMMARYThe conquest of land posed severe problems to plants which they had to cope with by adapting biosynthetic capacities. Adaptations to respond to UV irradiation, water loss, pathogen and herbivore defense, and the earth's pull were essential. Chemical compounds alleviating these problems can be synthesized by the phenylpropanoid pathway, the core of which are three enzymes: phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL), cinnamic acid 4‐hydroxylase, and 4‐coumaric acid coenzyme A‐ligase (4CL). The genomes of model organisms, Chara braunii as aquatic alga and the two bryophytes Physcomitrium patens and Marchantia polymorpha, were searched for sequences encoding PAL and 4CL and selected sequences heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli for biochemical characterization. Several possible isoforms were identified for both enzymes in Marchantia polymorpha and Physcomitrium patens, while only one or two isoforms could be retrieved for Chara braunii. Active forms of both enzymes were found in all three organisms, although the catalytic efficiencies varied in a wide range. l‐Phenylalanine was accepted as best substrate by all PAL‐like enzymes, despite annotations in some cases suggesting different activities. The substrate spectrum of 4CLs was more diverse, but caffeic and/or 4‐coumaric acids generally were the best‐accepted substrates. Our investigations show that PAL and 4CL, important enzymes for the formation of phenolic compounds, are present and active in extant charophytes and bryophytes as model organisms for the conquest of land.
Effect of direct-acting antivirals on the titers of human pegivirus 1 during treatment of chronic hepatitis C patients
Authors: Fahnøe Ulrik , Madsen Lone Wulff , Christensen Peer Brehm , Sølund Christina Søhoel , Mollerup Sarah , Pinholt Mette , Weis Nina , Øvrehus Anne , Bukh Jens 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Coinfections with human pegivirus 1 (HPgV-1) are common in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients. However, little is known about whether HPgV-1 is affected by direct-acting antivirals during HCV treatment. Metagenomic analysis and reverse transcriptase-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) were performed on RNA from the plasma of 88 selected chronic HCV patients undergoing medical treatment. Twenty (23%) of these HCV patients had HPgV-1 coinfections and were followed by RT-qPCR during treatment and follow-up to investigate HPgV-1 RNA titers. Recovered sequences could be assembled to complete HPgV-1 genomes, and most formed a genotype 2 subclade. All HPgV-1 viral genomic regions were under negative purifying selection. Glecaprevir/pibrentasvir treatment in five patients did not consistently lower the genome titers of HPgV-1. In contrast, a one log
10
drop of HPgV-1 titers at week 2 was observed in 10 patients during treatment with sofosbuvir-containing regimens, sustained to the end of treatment (EOT) and in two cases decreasing to below the detection limit of the assay. For the five patients treated with ledipasvir/sofosbuvir with the inclusion of pegylated interferon, titers decreased to below the detection limit at week 2 and remained undetectable to EOT. Subsequently, the HPgV-1 titer rebounded to pretreatment levels for all patients. In conclusion, we found that HCV treatment regimens that included the polymerase inhibitor sofosbuvir resulted in decreases in HPgV-1 titers, and the addition of pegylated interferon increased the effect on patients with coinfections. This points to the high specificity of protease and NS5A inhibitors toward HCV and the more broad-spectrum activity of sofosbuvir and especially pegylated interferon.

IMPORTANCE
Human pegivirus 1 coinfections are common in hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients, persisting for years. However, little is known about how pegivirus coinfections are affected by treatment with pangenotypic direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) against HCV. We identified human pegivirus by metagenomic analysis of chronic HCV patients undergoing protease, NS5A, and polymerase inhibitor treatment, in some patients with the addition of pegylated interferon, and followed viral kinetics of both viruses to investigate treatment effects. Only during HCV DAA treatment regimens that included the more broad-spectrum drug sofosbuvir could we detect a consistent decline in pegivirus titers that, however, rebounded to pretreatment levels after treatment cessation. The addition of pegylated interferon gave the highest effect with pegivirus titers decreasing to below the assay detection limit, but without clearance. These results reveal the limited effect of frontline HCV drugs on the closest related human virus, but sofosbuvir appeared to have the potential to be repurposed for other viral diseases.