bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low intensity repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation enhances remyelination by newborn and surviving oligodendrocytes in the cuprizone model of toxic demyelination
Authors: Nguyen Phuong Tram , Makowiecki Kalina , Lewis Thomas S. , Fortune Alastair J. , Clutterbuck Mackenzie , Reale Laura A. , Taylor Bruce V. , Rodger Jennifer , Cullen Carlie L. , Young Kaylene M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn people with multiple sclerosis (MS), newborn and surviving oligodendrocytes (OLs) can contribute to remyelination, however, current therapies are unable to enhance or sustain endogenous repair. Low intensity repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (LI-rTMS), delivered as an intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS), increases the survival and maturation of newborn OLs in the healthy adult mouse cortex, but it is unclear whether LI-rTMS can promote remyelination. To examine this possibility, we fluorescently labelled oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs; Pdgfrα-CreER transgenic mice) or mature OLs (Plp-CreER transgenic mice) in the adult mouse brain and traced the fate of each cell population over time. Daily sessions of iTBS (600 pulses; 120 mT), delivered during cuprizone (CPZ) feeding, did not alter new or pre-existing OL survival but increased the number of myelin internodes elaborated by new OLs in the primary motor cortex (M1). This resulted in each new M1 OL producing ~ 471 µm more myelin. When LI-rTMS was delivered after CPZ withdrawal (during remyelination), it significantly increased the length of the internodes elaborated by new M1 and callosal OLs, increased the number of surviving OLs that supported internodes in the corpus callosum (CC), and increased the proportion of axons that were myelinated. The ability of LI-rTMS to modify cortical neuronal activity and the behaviour of new and surviving OLs, suggests that it may be a suitable adjunct intervention to enhance remyelination in people with MS.
Multiple Severe Intracranial Stenoses with Ischemic Stroke in Neuroborreliosis-associated Cerebral Vasculitis: Endovascular Treatment Strategies and Literature Review
Authors: Hajiyev Kamran , Forsting Michael , Cimpoca Alexandru , Khanafer Ali , Bäzner Hansjörg , Henkes Hans 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Neuroborreliosis is the disseminated form of Lyme borreliosis and refers to the involvement of the central nervous system by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato spirochetes. Several reports suggest its emergence as a potential cause of cerebral vasculitis and stroke in children and young adults. The objective of this paper is to highlight endovascular treatment options within this context.

Methods
The medicinal and endovascular treatments of three patients—two adults and one child—with ischemic stroke resulting from neuroborreliosis-associated severe cerebral vasculitis were retrospectively assessed. Detailed descriptions of the clinical course, treatments, and follow-up data for each patient are provided. Additionally, a literature review focusing on endovascular treatment options within this topic was conducted.

Results
Both endovascular and medicinal treatments resulted in excellent clinical outcomes in all three patients, with no observed periprocedural complications. Significant clinical improvement was noted during mid-term follow-up. Follow-up angiographies confirmed stent patency.

Conclusion

Endovascular interventions as a bailout strategy may enhance clinical outcomes in patients with vascular complications of neuroborreliosis, especially when medicinal therapy alone fails to achieve further improvement. In the setting of severe ischemic stroke with sub-occlusive large vessel stenosis or occlusion, the cause of which is often unknown, it should be considered to prioritize prompt endovascular treatment, even if neuroborreliosis is suspected on admission.
Long-term effects of litter characteristics on reproduction in female cavies (Cavia aperea)
Authors: Kraus Sabine , Trillmich Fritz , Guenther Anja 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn mammals, birth mass is an important predictor of early growth and survival. Within litters, heavier siblings are usually able to outcompete smaller siblings and gain more resources, thereby often permanently shaping phenotypic development. Early body size and growth are particularly important for later fitness. Only few studies investigated if and how differences within the early family environment contribute to long-term variation in fitness among individuals. We quantified if initial differences in size translate to size differences in adulthood and whether birth mass, relative size within the litter, litter size or the litter sex-ratio affect maturation and reproductive output of female wild cavies (Cavia aperea). Initial differences in mass were maintained until animals reached maximum adult mass at two years of age. Heavier sisters matured earlier and invested more into their first litter than smaller sisters, presumably because smaller sisters invested more into their own growth during the first pregnancy. Growing up in mixed-sexed litters in comparison to female-only litters slowed down maturation in smaller but not the heaviest female within a litter and had no effect on female reproductive effort. Variation in reproduction of multiparous females was to a lesser extent explained by the initial relative size of siblings. Offspring survival to independence was high but slightly lower when mothers had been born as smaller sisters. Our results demonstrate that factors of the early family environment not only affect immediate offspring development but lead to long-term fitness consequences.
Prey targeted by lactating Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii) in Erebus Bay, Antarctica
Authors: Foster-Dyer Rose T. N. , Goetz Kimberly T. , Iwata Takashi , Holser Rachel R. , Michael Sarah A. , Pritchard Craig , Childerhouse Simon , Costa Daniel P. , Ainley David G. , Pinkerton Matthew H. , LaRue Michelle A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFemale Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii) display a mixed capital-income breeding strategy, losing up to 40% of their body mass between birthing and weaning their pups. How and when they regain energy stores, however, remains to be fully explored. To better understand the foraging by lactating Weddell seals, we fitted time-depth recorders and head-mounted cameras on 26 seals in Erebus Bay, Ross Sea, for ~ 5 days in November and December 2018 and 2019. We aimed to (1) identify prey species and foraging depth and (2) investigate relationships between seal physiology and demographics and probability of foraging. We recorded 2782 dives, 903 of which were > 50 m, maximum depth was 449.3 m and maximum duration was 31.1 min. Pup age likely contributes to the probability of a lactating Weddell seal foraging (Est. = 1.21 (SD = 0.61), z = 1.97, p = 0.0484). Among 846 prey encounters, the most frequent prey items were crustaceans (46.2%) and Antarctic silverfish (Pleuragramma antarcticum, 19.0%); two encounters were observed with juvenile Antarctic toothfish (Dissostichus mawsoni, 0.2%). We identified substantial variability in foraging behaviour, individually and between locations, and found that lactating seals target many species and some may specialise on certain prey groups.
Prostate-specific membrane antigen-radioguided surgery salvage lymph node dissection: experience with fifty oligorecurrent prostate cancer patients
Authors: Mayr Roman , Engelmann Simon Udo , Yang Yushan , Haas Maximilian , Schmid Thomas , Schnabel Marco Julius , Breyer Johannes , Schmidt Daniel , Eiber Matthias , Denzinger Stefan , Burger Maximilian , Hellwig Dirk , Moosbauer Jutta , Grosse Jirka 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The higher detection efficacy of PSMA PET for oligometastatic recurrence of prostate cancer has promoted new loco-regional treatment options. PSMA-targeted radioguided surgery (PSMA-RGS) was introduced to facilitate salvage surgery of small tumor deposits. The objectives of this retrospective analysis are to describe an independent single-center consecutive cohort of patients undergoing PSMA-RGS and to evaluate its clinical and oncological outcomes.

Method
Between 2018 and 2022, 53 patients were treated with PSMA-RGS and 50 patients were available for final analyses. All patients were initially treated with radical prostatectomy (RP) and presented with biochemical recurrence (BCR) with at least one positive lesion on PSMA-PET imaging. After preparation of 99mTc-PSMA-I&S and intravenous injection, surgery was performed by using a gamma-probe intraoperatively.

Results
Median age was 70 years (IQR 65–73) and the median PSA at salvage surgery was 1.2 ng/mL (IQR 0.6-3.0). In all patients pathologically positive lesions could be removed during PSMA-RGS. 29 (58%) patients had one pathologically positive lesion, 14 (28%) had two and 7 (14%) had three or more, respectively. The overall complication rate was 26% with 4 (8%), 1 (2%), and 8 (16%) having Clavien-Dindo (CD) type I, II, and IIIb complications, respectively. During the follow-up period 31 (62%) patients experienced BCR and 29 (58%) received further therapy.

Conclusions
PSMA-RGS is a promising treatment option to enhance salvage surgery in early biochemical recurrence. However, only 42% of the patients treated with PSMA RGS remain without a biochemical recurrence. Further research is mandatory to identify patients, who profit from PSMA-RGS.
β3-Adrenergic receptor overexpression in cardiomyocytes preconditions mitochondria to withstand ischemia–reperfusion injury
Authors: Fernández-Tocino Miguel , Pun-Garcia Andrés , Gómez Mónica , Clemente-Moragón Agustín , Oliver Eduardo , Villena-Gutierrez Rocío , Trigo-Anca Sofía , Díaz-Guerra Anabel , Sanz-Rosa David , Prados Belén , del Campo Lara , Andrés Vicente , Fuster Valentín , de la Pompa José Luis , Cádiz Laura , Ibañez Borja 
Published: August 2024

Abstractβ3-Adrenergic receptor (β3AR) agonists have been shown to protect against ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI). Since β3ARs are present both in cardiomyocytes and in endothelial cells, the cellular compartment responsible for this protection has remained unknown. Using transgenic mice constitutively expressing the human β3AR (hβ3AR) in cardiomyocytes or in the endothelium on a genetic background of null endogenous β3AR expression, we show that only cardiomyocyte expression protects against IRI (45 min ischemia followed by reperfusion over 24 h). Infarct size was also limited after ischemia–reperfusion in mice with cardiomyocyte hβ3AR overexpression on top of endogenous β3AR expression. hβ3AR overexpression in these mice reduced IRI-induced cardiac fibrosis and improved long-term left ventricular systolic function. Cardiomyocyte-specific β3AR overexpression resulted in a baseline remodeling of the mitochondrial network, characterized by upregulated mitochondrial biogenesis and a downregulation of mitochondrial quality control (mitophagy), resulting in elevated numbers of small mitochondria with a depressed capacity for the generation of reactive oxygen species but improved capacity for ATP generation. These processes precondition cardiomyocyte mitochondria to be more resistant to IRI. Upon reperfusion, hearts with hβ3AR overexpression display a restoration in the mitochondrial quality control and a rapid activation of antioxidant responses. Strong protection against IRI was also observed in mice infected with an adeno-associated virus (AAV) encoding hβ3AR under a cardiomyocyte-specific promoter. These results confirm the translational potential of increased cardiomyocyte β3AR expression, achieved either naturally through exercise or artificially through gene therapy approaches, to precondition the cardiomyocyte mitochondrial network to withstand future insults.
Increased femoral cartilage thickness in acne patients using isotretinoin: could it be a sign of early osteoarthritis?
Authors: Kulaklı Sevgi , Elmas Telli Asude Cevher , Sarı İlker Fatih , Oğuz Işıl Deniz , Kulaklı Fazıl 
Published: August 2024

AbstractVitamin A derivatives have inhibitory effects on cartilage tissue, such as decreasing chondrocyte proliferation and collagen synthesis, and increasing the loss of glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans. Therefore, isotretinoin (a vitamin A derivative) may play a role in the pathogenesis of cartilage-related diseases like osteoarthritis by affecting the balance of cartilage tissue. The aim of this study was to evaluate the distal femoral cartilage thickness in acne patients under the systemic isotretinoin therapy and to determine whether it constitutes a risk factor for the development of osteoarthritis. The study included 52 patients (42 female, 10 male, mean age 23.31 ± 3.89 years) who were prescribed systemic isotretinoin for acne and completed at least 3 months of treatment, along with 45 healthy controls ((35 female, 10 male, mean age 23.85 ± 4.77 years). Bilateral distal femoral cartilage thickness was measured by ultrasonography before isotretinoin treatment and after the completion of the third month of treatment. After treatment, a statistically significant increase was found in the thickness of the right medial, right lateral, left medial, left lateral, and left intercondylar cartilage (p = 0.014, 0.012, 0.019, 0.027, 0.002, respectively). There was also an increase in the right intercondylar cartilage thickness, but this was not statistically significant (p = 0.1). Systemic isotretinoin seems to make cartilage thicker. The increase in femoral cartilage thickness observed after short-term isotretinoin treatment might be an indicator of very early-stage osteoarthritis. Extended follow-up studies with larger participant pools are necessary to substantiate this result.
Sonographic evaluation of retained products of conception within 48 h following delivery: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ashkar Majadla Nadine , Abu Shqara Raneen , Haj Safaa , Sgayer Inshirah , Ghanem Nadir , Lowenstein Lior , Odeh Marwan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Objective
Early diagnosis of retained products of conception (RPOC) is critical for directing clinical management and for preventing associated complications. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of post-delivery ultrasound in patients with risk factors for RPOC.

Study design
A retrospective cohort-study was conducted in a single tertiary university-affiliated hospital (January 2016–September 2022). Sonographic evaluation, including endometrium thickness measurement and color Doppler, were reviewed of women with risk factors for RPOC: postpartum hemorrhage, a hemoglobin drop > 4 g/dl, manual removal of the placenta, and suspicious placenta. Results of early postpartum ultrasound (within 48 h), misoprostol administration and hysteroscopies were evaluated.

Results
Of the 591 women included, RPOC was suspected in 141 (24%). Endometrial thickness > 5 mm was associated with sonographic RPOC diagnosis in 58%. Suspected sonographic RPOC was concluded for 100%, 92% and 7% of the women with marked, moderate, and undetectable vascularity, respectively, p < 0.001. Misoprostol 1000 mcg per rectum (PR) was administered to 86% of those with suspected RPOC; only 11% of them needed an operative hysteroscopy for removal of the RPOC. RPOC on a pathology report was confirmed for 71% of those who underwent hysteroscopy.

Conclusions
Postpartum transabdominal ultrasonography within 48 h of delivery was effective for assessing RPOC. For appropriate triage, color Doppler grading increased the accuracy of RPOC diagnosis. Misoprostol treatment was successful in 88% of women with suspected sonographic RPOC. The combination of sonographic evaluation and misoprostol treatment for suspected RPOC might lower the rate of unnecessary invasive procedures.
Systematic assessment of square-wave jerks in progressive supranuclear palsy: a video-oculographic study
Authors: Facchin Alessio , Buonocore Jolanda , Crasà Marianna , Quattrone Aldo , Quattrone Andrea 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
The presence of frequent macro-square-wave jerks (SWJs) has been recently included in the diagnostic criteria for progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). The aim of the current video-oculographic study was to systematically assess the presence and features of SWJs during a brief fixation task in PSP, in comparison with Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients and healthy controls (HC).

Methods
Thirty-eight PSP patients, 55 PD patients and 40 HC were enrolled in the study. All patients underwent a video-oculographic (VOG) examination including a 5-s fixation task, and the number, duration and amplitude of SWJs were recorded. The diagnostic performance of several SWJs parameters were then compared in distinguishing PSP from PD patients and controls.

Results
PSP patients showed a higher number and amplitude of SWJs compared to PD patients and controls. At least two SWJs within the 5-s fixation task were observed in 81.6% of PSP patients, 52.7% of PD patients and 25% of HC. The SWJs amplitude was the parameter showing the highest performances in distinguishing PSP from PD (AUC: 0.78) and HC (AUC: 0.88), outperforming the SWJ number and duration. The SWJ amplitude was larger in PSP-Richardson’s syndrome than in PSP-Parkinsonism patients, while no difference was found between PSP patients with different degrees of vertical ocular motor dysfunction.

Conclusions
This video-oculographic study provides robust evidence of larger SWJs number and amplitude in PSP than in PD patients, with some potential for differential diagnosis, supporting the inclusion of this ocular sign in PSP criteria.
Pediatric chest radiograph interpretation in a real-life setting
Authors: Rotem-Grunbaum Bar , Scheuerman Oded , Tamary Oren , Lakovsky Yaniv , Shkalim Zemer Vered , Goldberg Lotem , Soffair Niv , Bulkowstein Yarden , Hendelsman Shahar , Amarilyo Gil , Yaniv Noga , Levinsky Yoel 
Published: August 2024

AbstractChest radiography is a frequently used imaging modality in children. However, only fair to moderate inter-observer agreement has been reported between chest radiograph interpreters. Most studies were not performed in real-world clinical settings. Our aims were to examine the agreement between emergency department pediatricians and board-certified radiologists in a pediatric real-life setting and to identify clinical risk factors for the discrepancies. Included were children aged 3 months to 18 years who underwent chest radiography in the emergency department not during the regular hours of radiologist interpretation. Every case was reviewed by an expert panel. Inter-observer agreement between emergency department pediatricians and board-certified radiologists was assessed by Cohen’s kappa; risk factors for disagreement were analyzed. Among 1373 cases, the level of agreement between emergency department pediatricians and board-certified radiologists was “moderate” (k = 0.505). For radiographs performed after midnight, agreement was only “fair” (k = 0.391). The expert panel identified clinically relevant disagreements in 260 (18.9%) of the radiographs. Over-treatment of antibiotics was identified in 121 (8.9%) of the cases and under-treatment in 79 (5.8%). In a multivariable logistic regression, the following parameters were found to be significantly associated with disagreements: neurological background (p = 0.046), fever (p = 0.001), dyspnea (p = 0.014), and radiographs performed after midnight (p = 0.007).Conclusions: Moderate agreement was found between emergency department pediatricians and board-certified radiologists in interpreting chest radiographs. Neurological background, fever, dyspnea, and radiographs performed after midnight were identified as risk factors for disagreement. Implementing these findings could facilitate the use of radiologist expertise, save time and resources, and potentially improve patient care.

What is Known:• Only fair to moderate inter-observer agreement has been reported between chest radiograph interpreters.• Most studies were not performed in real-world clinical settings. Clinical risk factors for disagreements have not been reported.

What is New:• In this study, which included 1373 cases at the emergency department, the level of agreement between interpreters was only “moderate.”• The major clinical parameters associated with interpretation discrepancies were neurological background, fever, dyspnea, and interpretations conducted during the night shift.
Telesimulation for Training in Infant Feeding: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Marshall Jeanne , Shiu Charis , Raatz Madeline , Penman Adriana , Beak Kelly , Clarke Sally , Ward Elizabeth C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSimulation is an education modality known to support clinical skill development. Unfortunately, access to simulation has been challenging, both prior to and during the pandemic. Simulation via telepractice, i.e., “telesimulation”, has emerged, but little is known about whether outcomes are comparable to in-person simulation. This study compared in-person versus telesimulation learner outcomes in an infant feeding scenario. The secondary aim was to compare outcomes between novice and experienced participants.This pragmatic randomized controlled trial included speech pathologists who could attend if randomized to the in-person modality. Block randomization matched participants with < 6 months’ infant feeding experience to those with > 6 months experience (2:1 ratio) into telesimulation or in-person simulation. Measures of clinical reasoning, confidence/anxiety, and satisfaction were collected, pre-, post-, and 4-weeks post-simulation.Overall, 39 clinicians completed either in-person simulation (n = 17) or telesimulation training (n = 22), including 16 experienced and 23 novice learners. Both in-person and telesimulation groups achieved significant improvements across time in clinical reasoning, self-reported confidence, and anxiety. The extent of change in clinical reasoning, confidence and anxiety was comparable between the telesimulation and in-person simulation groups. Comparing by experience, novice-level participants reported significantly greater changes in confidence and anxiety than experienced participants. Satisfaction levels were high regardless of simulation modality or experience.Participants in telesimulation and in-person simulation achieved similar improvements in the primary outcome measure of clinical reasoning, had comparable improvements in self-perceived confidence and anxiety, and demonstrated high satisfaction levels. Telesimulation is a promising means to improve clinician access to simulation training in infant feeding.