bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Content on Global Internet Adoption and the Global “Digital Divide”
Authors: Viard V. Brian , Economides Nicholas 
Published: June 2014

A country's human capital and economic productivity increasingly depend on the Internet as a result of its expanding role in providing information and communications. This has prompted a search for ways to increase Internet adoption and narrow its disparity across countries—the global “digital divide.” Previous work has focused on demographic, economic, and infrastructure determinants of Internet access that are difficult to change in the short run. Internet content increases adoption and can be changed more quickly; however, the magnitude of its impact, and therefore its effectiveness as a policy and strategy tool, has until now been unknown. Quantifying the role of content is challenging because of feedback (network effects) between content and adoption: more content stimulates adoption, which in turn increases the incentive to create content. We develop a methodology to overcome this endogeneity problem. We find a statistically and economically significant effect, implying that policies promoting content creation can substantially increase adoption. Because it is ubiquitous, Internet content is also useful to effect social change across countries. Content has a greater effect on adoption in countries with more disparate languages, making it a useful tool to overcome linguistic isolation. Our results offer guidance for policymakers on country characteristics that influence adoption's responsiveness to content and for Internet firms on where to expand internationally and how to quantify content investments. This paper was accepted by Lorin Hitt, information systems.
Existence of positive periodic solutions for fourth-order nonlinear neutral differential equations with variable delay
Authors: Ardjouni Abdelouaheb , Rezaiguia Ali , Djoudi Ahcene 
Published: June 2014

Abstract.
In this article we study the existence of positive periodic solutions for a
fourth-order nonlinear neutral differential equation with variable delay. The
main tool employed here is the Krasnoselskii's fixed point theorem dealing
with a sum of two mappings, one is a contraction and the other one is completely continuous.
Landesbibliothek Coburg – eine Bibliothek zwischen den Ländern
Authors: Pfister Silvia 
Published: June 2014

Zusammenfassung:
Im Mittelpunkt steht die wechselvolle Geschichte der Landesbibliothek Coburg. Die ehemalige Bibliothek eines thüringischen Herzogtums gehört seit 1973 zu den regionalen Staatlichen Bibliotheken in Bayern. In den letzten 200 Jahren wechselte ihre Verwaltung mehrfach. Die Folge sind wiederholte strukturelle Neuanfänge und in der Konsequenz eine große Zahl von Sammlungen von oft herausragender Qualität. Diese gilt es in die neuen virtuellen Bücherwelten zu integrieren.
Development, Implementation and Evaluation of a Peer Review of Teaching (PRoT) Initiative in Nursing Education
Authors: Mager Diana R. , Kazer Meredith W. , Conelius Jaclyn , Shea Joyce , Lippman Doris T. , Torosyan Roben , Nantz Kathryn 
Published: June 2014

AbstractFor many years, an area of research in higher education has been emerging around the development and implementation of fair and effective peer evaluation programs. Recently, a new body of knowledge has developed regarding the development and implementation of fair and effective peer evaluation programs resulting in formative and summative evaluations. The purpose of this article is to describe the development, implementation, and evaluation of a peer review of teaching (PRoT) program for nursing faculty, initiated at one small comprehensive university in the northeastern United States. Pairs of nursing faculty evaluated each other’s teaching, syllabi, and course materials after collaborating in a pre-evaluation conference to discuss goals of the classroom visit. Qualitative data gathered in post project focus groups revealed that faculty found their modified PRoT process to be a mutually beneficial experience that was more useful, flexible and collegial, and less stressful than their previous evaluation process.
The Acute Oncologist's Role in Managing Patients with Cancer and other Comorbidities
Authors: Shankland Kate , Kirkbride Peter , Bourke Anne-Marie , Price James , Walkington Lucy , Danson Sarah 
Published: June 2014

Background An Acute Oncology Service (AOS) is paramount to providing timely and improved pathways of care for patients who are admitted to hospital with cancer-related problems or suspected cancer. Objective To establish an AOS pilot study to decide how best to implement such a service locally. Methods The AOS, which included collaboration between the oncology and palliative care teams at the Northern General Hospital in Sheffield, UK, ensured that the majority of oncology patients in the region received timely assessment by an oncologist if they became acutely unwell as a result of their cancer or its treatment. The AOS consisted of a thrice-weekly ward round, and daily telephone advice service. Results We report on patient data during the first 12 months of the pilot study. Delivery of the AOS enhanced communication between the services and provided inter-professional education and support, resulting in earlier oncological team involvement in the management of patients with cancer admitted under other teams, as well as provision of advice to patients and their caregivers and families. Provision of the AOS shortened the mean length of hospital stay by 6 days. Two case studies are presented to illustrate the typical challenges faced when managing these patients. Conclusions Establishment of the AOS enabled effective collaboration between the oncology and other clinical teams to provide a rapid and streamlined referral pathway of patients to the AOS. Locally, this process has been supported by the development of acute oncology protocols, which are now in use across the local cancer network.
The Mystical Figure of Haji Ahmad Mutamakin from the Village of Cebolek (Java)
Authors: Wieringa Edwin 
Published: June 2014

History of the Islamization process in rural Javanese society has given birth to a mystic figure named Haji Cebolek Mutamakin of the village; a village in the North Coast region, Pati, Central Java. This figure is estimated to live around the beginning of the 18th century. He is widely known by the public-especially among students through a Java-written book Yasadipura I (1729-1803), a poet Sultan palace Pakubuwana IV, entitled Fiber Cebolek.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v5i1.759
Al-Ma‘ahid al-Turāthīyah wa Shuyū‘īyah wa al- Ṭuruq al-Ṣūfīyah
Authors: Anwar Khoirul 
Published: June 2014

This paper will reveal images Pesantren tradition, Kyai, and the congregation that has not been studied by scholars such as van den Berg, Hurgronje, and Clifford Geertz thus able to capture the real power of intellectual tradition and religious boarding schools. Kyai (charismatic religious teachers/scholars) and pesantren (traditional Islamic boarding schools owned and run by kyai) have become common subjects of research among scholars studying Islam in Indonesia.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v5i1.761
Al-Ma‘had al-Turāthī wa Taqwim al-Jamā‘ah: Tajribah Ma‘had Hidayatullah
Authors: Abbas Sirojudin 
Published: June 2014

This article discusses some of the characteristic peculiarities of the pesantren as in Pesantren Hidayatullah, Balikpapan, East Kalimantan, which does not make Arabic reviewing activities as part of the daily staple of his students.During the last three decades, pesantren in Indonesia have shown a variety of institutional developments. The identification of pesantren as Islamic learning institutions-especially in term of their specific role in preserving intellectual tradition and reproducing 'ilama' may no longer be sufficient to explaint that development. Such a trend can be seen in the establishment of a significant number of Islamic learning institution in the country with different visions and characteristics of learning. One of the leading institutions representing this new form of pesantren is Pesantren Hidayatullah, Balikpapan, East Kalimantan.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v5i2.756
Baby-MONITOR: A Composite Indicator of NICU Quality
Authors: Profit Jochen , Kowalkowski Marc A. , Zupancic John A. F. , Pietz Kenneth , Richardson Peter , Draper David , Hysong Sylvia J. , Thomas Eric J. , Petersen Laura A. , Gould Jeffrey B. 
Published: June 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
NICUs vary in the quality of care delivered to very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. NICU performance on 1 measure of quality only modestly predicts performance on others. Composite measurement of quality of care delivery may provide a more comprehensive assessment of quality. The objective of our study was to develop a robust composite indicator of quality of NICU care provided to VLBW infants that accurately discriminates performance among NICUs.

METHODS:
We developed a composite indicator, Baby-MONITOR, based on 9 measures of quality chosen by a panel of experts. Measures were standardized, equally weighted, and averaged. We used the California Perinatal Quality Care Collaborative database to perform across-sectional analysis of care given to VLBW infants between 2004 and 2010. Performance on the Baby-MONITOR is not an absolute marker of quality but indicates overall performance relative to that of the other NICUs. We used sensitivity analyses to assess the robustness of the composite indicator, by varying assumptions and methods.

RESULTS:
Our sample included 9023 VLBW infants in 22 California regional NICUs. We found significant variations within and between NICUs on measured components of the Baby-MONITOR. Risk-adjusted composite scores discriminated performance among this sample of NICUs. Sensitivity analysis that included different approaches to normalization, weighting, and aggregation of individual measures showed the Baby-MONITOR to be robust (r = 0.89–0.99).

CONCLUSIONS:
The Baby-MONITOR may be a useful tool to comprehensively assess the quality of care delivered by NICUs.
Comparison of Rapid Cranial MRI to CT for Ventricular Shunt Malfunction
Authors: Boyle Tehnaz P. , Paldino Michael J. , Kimia Amir A. , Fitz Brianna M. , Madsen Joseph R. , Monuteaux Michael C. , Nigrovic Lise E. 
Published: June 2014

OBJECTIVES:
To compare the accuracy of rapid cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with that of computed tomography (CT) for diagnosing ventricular shunt malfunction.

METHODS:
We performed a single-center, retrospective cohort study of children ≤21 years of age who underwent either rapid cranial MRI or cranial CT in the emergency department (ED) for evaluation of possible ventricular shunt malfunction. Each neuroimaging study was classified as “normal” (unchanged or decreased ventricle size) or “abnormal” (increased ventricle size). We classified a patient as having a ventricular shunt malfunction if operative revision for relief of mechanical causes of altered shunt flow was needed within 72 hours of initial ED evaluation. Our primary analysis tested noninferiority of the accuracy of rapid cranial MRI to CT for diagnosing shunt malfunction (noninferiority margin 10%).

RESULTS:
We included 698 ED visits for 286 unique patients, with a median age at visit of 10.0 years (interquartile range 5.9–15.5 years). Patients underwent CT in 336 (48%) or rapid cranial MRI in 362 (52%) of ED visits for evaluation of possible shunt malfunction. Patients had operative revision for ventricular shunt malfunction in 140 ED visits (20%). The accuracy of rapid cranial MRI was not inferior to that of CT scan for diagnosing ventricular shunt malfunction (81.8% MRI vs 82.4% CT; risk difference 2.0%; 95% confidence interval, –4.2% to 8.2%).

CONCLUSIONS:
Rapid cranial MRI was not inferior to CT for diagnosing ventricular shunt malfunction and offers the advantage of sparing a child ionizing radiation exposure.
Late-Life Production Boost for BP Miller With Combined Scale Squeeze and Chemical Water-Shutoff Treatments
Authors: Williams G. , MacDonald A. , Wylde J. , Shields C. , Smitton C. , Frampton H. , Morgan J. , Morris A. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The current, late life production on the Miller field is characterised by high water cut wells that need frequent scale inhibitor squeezes to manage the production of scale. In addition, the wells are often choked back due to plant water constraints. The key to managing the decline in oil production is therefore to reduce water production. This allows the wells to flow un-choked and also lightens the fluid column, increasing drawdown and oil rate in the well. Other advantages include increased scale inhibitor squeeze (SISQ) life, reduced OPEX costs and reduced environmental impact of overboard discharge of produced water and production chemicals. However, the presence of scale in the wells means that intrusive surveillance and mechanical water shut off would require costly milling to gain access. The field is therefore ideal for the use of chemical selective water shut off (SWSO) treatments, which can be deployed without access to production logging data. BP Miller and Clariant have progressively applied SWSO treatments on a range of wells. A dilute solution of cross-linkable polymer is bullheaded down the wells and reacts with added cross-linker in situ. After cross-linking, the web of polymer is inflated in the presence of water, effectively blocking the flow path, whilst deflating in the presence of oil. Since the whole producing zone is treated, water will be retarded without the need to know where it is coming from. Providing due precautions are taken, this can be highly successful. For example, in May 2005 on Slot 32, oil production increased from 800 bopd to 2,800 bopd, whilst water cut reduced from 92% to 77%. The most likely explanation for this is a combined effect of the treatment stimulating production from the J-sand region while limiting water flow potential from wetter areas.
Deliverability of Gas-Condensate Reservoirs — Field Experiences and Prediction Techniques
Authors: Kamath Jairam 
Published: June 2014

Distinguished Author Series articles are general, descriptive representations that summarize the state of the art in an area of technology by describing recent developments for readers who are not specialists in the topics discussed. Written by individuals recognized as experts in the area, these articles provide key references to more definitive work and present specific details only to illustrate the technology. Purpose: to inform the general readership of recent advances in various areas of petroleum engineering.

Introduction
Predicting and assuring well deliverability often are important concerns when developing gas-condensate reservoirs. Many gas-condensate projects are in deep, hot, low-permeability reservoirs for which well costs are a significant part of the project economics. It is well known that the deliverability of gas-condensate wells can be impaired by the formation of a condensate bank once the bottomhole pressure drops below the dewpoint. This paper outlines the five steps—appropriate laboratory measurements, fitting laboratory data to relative permeability models, use of spreadsheet tools, single-well models, full-field models (FFMs)—to predict deliverability loss caused by condensate banking. It then discusses integrated laboratory/simulation field studies used to validate these steps. Finally, options to improve well deliverability are explored.

Gas Condensate and Banking
Typically, gas-condensate reservoirs are single-phase gas in the reservoir at discovery, but yield small amounts of oil at the surface (approximately 10 to 300 STB/MMscf). They have a composition consisting largely of methane and small fractions of intermediate and heavy ends (typically, approximately 87% C1, 9% C2-6, and 4% C7+). The temperatures encountered in these reservoirs (200 to 400°F) are higher than the critical temperature of the fluid, but lower than the maximum temperature extent of its two-phase region. As Fig. 1 shows, the gas is extracted, the pressure declines isothermally, and at the dewpoint, the first droplets of liquid formed from the heavier hydrocarbon components appear.
A gas-condensate system is also characterized by a liquid-condensation curve such as that shown in Fig. 2. A lean system may have a yield of approximately 10 STB/MMscf (2% maximum condensate), and a rich system could yield as much as 300 STB/MMscf (20% condensate).
When the flowing bottomhole pressure falls below the dewpoint of the reservoir fluid, liquid condensate builds up (condensate banking) near the wellbore, as shown in Fig. 3.
Coalbed- and Shale-Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Jenkins Creties D. , Boyer Charles M. 
Published: June 2014

Distinguished Author Series articles are general, descriptive representations that summarize the state of the art in an area of technology by describing recent developments for readers who are not specialists in the topics discussed. Written by individuals recognized as experts in the area, these articles provide key references to more definitive work and present specific details only to illustrate the technology. Purpose: to inform the general readership of recent advances in various areas of petroleum engineering.

Introduction
Annual natural-gas production from coalbed- and shale-gas reservoirs in the US is approximately 2.7 Tscf, which represents 15% of total natural-gas production. Approximately 1.7 Tscf of this gas comes from more than 40,000 coalbed gas wells completed in at least 20 different basins. The remaining 1.0 Tscf comes from more than 40,000 shale gas wells completed in five primary basins. While the pace of coalbed-gas drilling is starting to slow, shale gas continues to be one of the hottest plays in the US, and drilling is expanding rapidly, especially in the south-central US (the Barnett shale and its equivalents), the Appalachian basin, and numerous Rocky Mountain basins.
Outside the US, more than 40 countries have investigated the potential of coalbed gas, resulting in commercial projects in Australia, Canada, China, and India. No commercial shale-gas projects currently exist outside of the US, but work continues to identify both new shale-gas reservoirs and to add incremental shale-gas production in existing reservoirs. Given that worldwide coalbed-gas resources are estimated to exceed 9,000 Tscf and shale-gas resources are estimated to exceed 16,000 Tscf, it is clear that tremendous potential exists for future growth (Kawata and Fujita 2001).

Reservoir Fundamentals
Coals are sedimentary rocks containing more than 50 wt% organic matter, whereas shales contain less than 50 wt% organic matter. Methane is generated from the transformation of this organic matter by bacterial (biogenic gas) and geochemical (thermogenic gas) processes during burial. The gas is stored by multiple mechanisms including free gas in the micropores and sorbed gas on the internal surfaces of the organic matter. Nearly all coalbed gas is considered to be sorbed gas, whereas shale gas is a combination of sorbed gas and free gas.
Coalbed-gas reservoirs contain an orthogonal fracture set called cleats that are oriented perpendicular to the bedding and provide the primary conduit for fluid flow. Gas diffuses from the matrix into the cleats and flows to the wellbore. In shale-gas reservoirs, gas is sometimes produced through more-permeable sand or silt layers interbedded with the shale, through natural fractures, or from the shale matrix itself. In some cases, natural fractures are healed by a mineral filling and must be forced open by hydraulic-fracture stimulation. It also is possible to have both shales and coals interbedded in a single reservoir, resulting in gas contributions from both lithologies.
The Marlim Field: Incorporating 4D Seismic in Reservoir-Management Decisions
Authors: Oliveira Rildo M. 
Published: June 2014

Distinguished Author Series articles are general, descriptive representations that summarize the state of the art in an area of technology by describing recent developments for readers who are not specialists in the topics discussed. Written by individuals recognized as experts in the area, these articles provide key references to more definitive work and present specific details only to illustrate the technology. Purpose: to inform the general readership of recent advances in various areas of petroleum engineering.

Abstract
Many brownfields have had 4D-seismic technology applied successfully to optimize reservoir production and recovery. This paper describes how 4D-seismic results were incorporated into the geological model and illustrates applications in reservoir- management decisions, thereby mitigating drilling risks in Marlim deepwater turbidite heavy-oil field. It highlights the repositioning of many planned wells and the improvement in the history match by use of the updated geological model.
The Marlim field is off the eastern Brazilian coast in water depths varying from 2,000 to 3,600 ft (Fig. 1). The field is the largest producing oil field in Brazil. Three seismic surveys cover the Marlim field. The first was acquired in 1986 and the others in 1997 and 2005. The most recent survey was acquired specifically for reservoir-characterization and -monitoring purposes.

Introduction
The Marlim field was discovered in 1985. The reservoir is an Oligocene/Miocene turbidite with excellent rock characteristics. Relative permeabilities are favorable to water injection, and well productivities are very high (Pinto et al. 2001). The field area is 56 sq miles. The oil gravity ranges from 18 to 24°API, the reservoir-oil viscosity is between 4 and 8 cp, the original pressure was 4,082 psi, and the saturation pressure was 3,769 psi.
Initial oil production from the Marlim field was in March 1991. Water injection started in 1994. Currently, oil production is approximately 390,000 B/D, water injection is 705,000 B/D, and the actual recovery factor is 25%. The water production is 252,000 B/D (bottom sludge and water=39%). A total of 205 wells were drilled in the Marlim field, of which 125 wells are operating—81 producers and 44 injectors. The production peak (615,000 B/D) in Marlim field was achieved in early 2002.
Three seismic surveys cover the field. The appraisal survey was acquired in 1986. A reservoir-characterization survey was acquired in 1997. The most recent survey, in 2005, was acquired specifically for reservoir-monitoring and -characterization purposes (Johann et al. 2006).
The initial development phase ended in 2002, and a new phase of complementary development is under way. This new phase is characterized by projects of border wells and infill-drilling wells. The 4D seismic was identified as the best technology to minimize risk and optimize the new projects, mainly the infill-drilling projects. A new seismic acquisition, for monitoring purposes, is planned for 2009.