bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Co2(CO)8 as a CO-source for Pd-catalyzed Carbonylations: An Update
Authors: Das Debarati , Bhanage Bhalchandra Mahadeo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract:
Palladium-catalyzed carbonylative cross-coupling reactions with various carbon monoxide (CO) sources cultivate competent routes for the synthesis of bulk and value-added chemicals. However, the practical use of this odorless, inflammable, lethal gas has always raised a concern for chemists. The attention and advancement of various CO-surrogates is surely wel-comed as a green alternative to CO-gas. However, the main concern lies in the suitability and scalability of these CO-surrogate-driven reactions. Literature showed the progress of various ways to make in-situ CO from these CO surrogates. One of the most convenient sources is using metal carbonyls which are already known to lose CO easily. Among all the kinds, Mo(CO)6 gained much popularity but its toxic nature and demand for high temperatures restricted its use. However, Co2(CO)8 is popular as a catalyst but as an in-situ CO-source reports are scarce. This low-melting CO-releaser was found effective in flourishing aminocarbonylation, alkoxycar-bonylation, and reductive carbonylation under mild conditions. This mini-review portrays the recent developments of palladium-catalyzed carbonylation reactions using Co2(CO)8 as a CO source.
Diltiazem Hydrochloride Floating Matrix Tablet: Formulation and in vitro-in vivo Evaluation
Authors: Koradia Krishna D. , Jotaniya Bhavin K. , Koradia Hiral D. 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Diltiazem hydrochloride is a calcium channel-blocker with a plasma
elimination half-life of 4.4 ± 1.3 h and has a narrow absorption window. So, this work aimed to
prepare a gastro-retentive floating matrix tablet.
Background: Diltiazem hydrochloride is a calcium channel-blocker with a plasma
elimination half-life of 4.4 ± 1.3 h and has a narrow absorption window. So, this work aimed to
prepare a gastro-retentive floating matrix tablet.

Methods:
The direct compression method was used to manufacture tablets. 32 factorial design
was applied for optimization, taking Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose K100M (HPMC K 100M)
and the amount of sodium bicarbonate as independent factors and cumulative percentage release
at 1 h, at 6 h, and at 12 h and floating lag time as dependent variables.

Results:
The high amount of HPMC K100M and sodium bicarbonate shows good results. The
optimized preparation was evaluated for differential scanning calorimetry, in-vivo gastric retention in male albino rabbits, kinetic modeling, and stability study. An in vivo study revealed gastric retention of tablets up to 6 h in healthy male Albino rabbits. The stability study indicated no
significant change in the buoyancy and release profiles of the drug.

Conclusion:
From this study, it can be concluded that the gastro-retentive diltiazem hydrochloride floating matrix tablet was successfully prepared and retained inside the rabbit stomach for
up to 6 h and was stable under accelerated stability study
Predicting the Orientation of Vehicle Drivers towards the Traffic and Speed Enforcement Surveillance System
Authors: Almurayh Abdullah , Bedaiwy Abdelrahman , Elsharkasy Ahmed 
Published: July 2024

Background
A traffic and speed enforcement system in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia known as Saher employs traffic monitoring and speed enforcement around the clock using surveillance cameras. Vehicle drivers' attitudes towards this system vary due to several variables.

Objective
The study investigates the impact on the prediction of male vehicle drivers’ orientation towards the application of the Saher system and whether there is a difference in the vehicle drivers’ orientation toward the system over time (five years later).

Methods
The study sample consisted of 761 participants from Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University. The quantitative approach was a questionnaire titled “Vehicle Drivers’ Orientation towards the Application of the Traffic and Speed Enforcement Surveillance System (Saher)”, which was applied in 2016 and 2021.

Results
The psychometric characteristics of the study tool were ascertained, the data was quantitatively analyzed, and the results showed that vehicle drivers’ orientations toward the Saher system were positive, the nationality and number and type of violation contribute to predicting their orientation toward the system at varying rates, and the orientation of vehicle drivers toward the system improved five years later.

Conclusion
The study recommends conducting a study with wider societal segments, including women who started driving in Saudi Arabia in 2018, while also focusing on the qualitative aspect of the analysis of the study findings, taking testimonials of the groups that have been involved in accidents and families of groups who have suffered from deaths in order to determine their orientations towards the system.
Desensitizing Anxiety Through Imperceptible Change: Feasibility Study on a Paradigm for Single-Session Exposure Therapy for Fear of Public Speaking
Authors: Banakou Domna , Johnston Tania , Beacco Alejandro , Senel Gizem , Slater Mel 
Published: July 2024

Background
Exposure therapy (ET) for anxiety disorders involves introducing the participant to an anxiety-provoking situation over several treatment sessions. Each time, the participant is exposed to a higher anxiety-provoking stimulus; for example, in the case of fear of heights, the participant would successively experience being at a greater height. ET is effective, and its counterpart, virtual reality (VR) exposure therapy (VRET), where VR substitutes real-world exposure, is equally so. However, ET is time-consuming, requiring several sessions.

Objective
This study aimed to compare the results of single-session exposure with those of traditional VRET with regard to reducing public speaking anxiety.

Methods
We introduced a paradigm concerned with public speaking anxiety where the VR exposure occurred in a single session while the participant interacted with a virtual therapist. Over time, the therapist transformed into an entire audience with almost imperceptible changes. We carried out a feasibility study with 45 participants, comparing 3 conditions: single-session exposure (n=16, 36%); conventional multiple-session exposure (n=14, 31%), where the same content was delivered in successive segments over 5 sessions; and a control group (n=15, 33%), who interacted with a single virtual character to talk about everyday matters. A week later, the participants were required to speak on a stage in front of a large audience in VR.

Results
Across most of the series of conventional public speaking anxiety measures, the single-session exposure was at least as effective in reducing anxiety as the multiple-session exposure, and both these conditions were better than the control condition. The 12-item Personal Report of Confidence as a Speaker was used to measure public speaking anxiety levels, where higher values indicated more anxiety. Using a Bayesian model, the posterior probabilities of improvement compared to a high baseline were at least 1.7 times greater for single- and multiple-session exposures compared to the control group. The State Perceived Index of Competence was used as a measure of anticipatory anxiety for speaking on a stage in front of a large audience, where lower values indicated higher anxiety. The probabilities of improvement were just over 4 times greater for single- and multiple-session exposures compared to the control group for a low baseline and 489 (single) and 53 (multiple) times greater for a middle baseline.

Conclusions
Overall, the results of this feasibility study show that for moderate public speaking anxiety, the paradigm of gradual change in a single session is worth following up with further studies with more severe levels of anxiety and a larger sample size, first with a randomized controlled trial with nonpatients and subsequently, if the outcomes follow those that we have found, with a full clinical trial with patients.
The Utility of Wearable Cameras in Developing Examination Questions and Answers on Physical Examinations: Preliminary Study
Authors: Fukui Sho , Shimizu Taro , Nishizaki Yuji , Shikino Kiyoshi , Yamamoto Yu , Kobayashi Hiroyuki , Tokuda Yasuharu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
To assess the utility of wearable cameras in medical examinations, we created a physician-view video-based examination question and explanation, and the survey results indicated that these cameras can enhance the evaluation and educational capabilities of medical examinations.
Investigating Data Diversity and Model Robustness of AI Applications in Palliative Care and Hospice: Protocol for Scoping Review
Authors: Bozkurt Selen , Fereydooni Soraya , Kar Irem , Diop Chalmers Catherine , Leslie Sharon L , Pathak Ravi , Walling Anne , Lindvall Charlotta , Lorenz Karl , Quest Tammie , Giannitrapani Karleen , Kavalieratos Dio 
Published: July 2024

Background
Artificial intelligence (AI) has become a pivotal element in health care, leading to significant advancements across various medical domains, including palliative care and hospice services. These services focus on improving the quality of life for patients with life-limiting illnesses, and AI’s ability to process complex datasets can enhance decision-making and personalize care in these sensitive settings. However, incorporating AI into palliative and hospice care requires careful examination to ensure it reflects the multifaceted nature of these settings.

Objective
This scoping review aims to systematically map the landscape of AI in palliative care and hospice settings, focusing on the data diversity and model robustness. The goal is to understand AI’s role, its clinical integration, and the transparency of its development, ultimately providing a foundation for developing AI applications that adhere to established ethical guidelines and principles.

Methods
Our scoping review involves six stages: (1) identifying the research question; (2) identifying relevant studies; (3) study selection; (4) charting the data; (5) collating, summarizing, and reporting the results; and (6) consulting with stakeholders. Searches were conducted across databases including MEDLINE through PubMed, Embase.com, IEEE Xplore, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Web of Science Core Collection, covering studies from the inception of each database up to November 1, 2023. We used a comprehensive set of search terms to capture relevant studies, and non-English records were excluded if their abstracts were not in English. Data extraction will follow a systematic approach, and stakeholder consultations will refine the findings.

Results
The electronic database searches conducted in November 2023 resulted in 4614 studies. After removing duplicates, 330 studies were selected for full-text review to determine their eligibility based on predefined criteria. The extracted data will be organized into a table to aid in crafting a narrative summary. The review is expected to be completed by May 2025.

Conclusions
This scoping review will advance the understanding of AI in palliative care and hospice, focusing on data diversity and model robustness. It will identify gaps and guide future research, contributing to the development of ethically responsible and effective AI applications in these settings.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/56353
Core neutronic design of small modular molten salt reactor for submarine propulsion
Authors: Hasibuan M. H. , Dwijayanto R. A. P. , Meireni M. , Harto A. W. , Novianto F. F. , Widiastuti P. 
Published: July 2024

Molten salt reactor (MSR) shows great promise as a Generation IV nuclear reactor concept with high thermal-electric conversion efficiency, inherent safety features, and online reprocessing capability. During operation, the molten salt reactor MSR does not require a long refueling shutdown owing to online fuel reprocessing, making it suitable for watercraft propulsion. This paper presents the neutronic design of the 250 MWt iso-breeder MSR concept for submarine propulsion. The reactor is fueled with LiF-BeF2-ThF4-233UF4 salt with a virtual one-and-a-half fluid configuration. The MSR core is moderated with beryllium oxide and equipped with a high-density graphite reflector to improve neutronic. All calculations on the reactor core design were performed using MCNP6.2 code with ENDF/B-VII.0 neutron cross-section library. As a part of the neutronic analysis, the calculated parameters were the effective multiplication factor (), temperature coefficient of reactivity (TCR), and breeding ratio (BR). The value of ± 1.005 was obtained using Th : U ratio of 98.42% : 1.58%. The TCR value was obtained at -2.56 pcm/K, while the BR value was 1.057. These initial values indicate that the marine propulsion MSR can achieve iso-breeding with inherent safety characteristics. By using MSR design, it is hoped that the submarines will be able to reach significantly longer operational range than its Diesel-powered counterpart..
Pengembangan Modul Elektronik Terintegrasi Nilai Keislaman Pada Materi Virus untuk Kelas X SMA/MA
Authors: Asrofunnisa Kholida , Hakim Nasrul 
Published: July 2024

Masalah dalam penelitian ini ialah minimnya bahan ajar yang tersedia dan belum adanya bahan ajar yang berkaitan dengan Al-Qurâ€™an hadist disekolah yang buansa islam tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan e-modul yang terintegrasi nilai keislaman pada materi virus untuk peserta didik kelas 10 SMA, mengetahui kelayakan e-modul, dan mengetahui bagaimana respon peserta didik terhadap pengembangan bahan ajar e-modul dengan terintegrasi keislaman. Metode pengembangan R & D dengan model pengembangan ADDIE, prosedur penelitian yang mengacu pada tahapan, yaitu: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementasi, dan Evaluate. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa amedia pembelajaran yang dikembangkan sangat baik digunakan sebagai sumber belajar peserta didik. Berdasarkan validasi dari ahli materi yang memperoleh persentase keseluruhan sebesar 86% dengan kategori sangat baik, sedangkan validasi ahli media memperoleh persentase keseluruhan sebesar 84% dengan kategori sangat baik. Hasil uji coba respon guru memperoleh persentase sebesar 90% menunjukkan bahwa media yang dikembangkan layak untuk jadi sumber belajar peserta didik dan penilaian uji respon dari 10 peserta didik memperoleh persentase keseluruhan sebesar 86% yang berarti layak dijadikan sumber belajar peserta didik kelas X. Media pembelajaran ini dapat digunakan sebagai sumber belajar dimanapun dan kapanpun.
Pemanfaatan Media Pembelajaran Interaktif Berbasis Nearpod Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Biologi Siswa SMA
Authors: Hidayat Rahmat , Effendi Effendi 
Published: July 2024

Learning outcomes are an indicator of the achievement of a learning objective and become an element of reflection in preparing the next lesson. Low learning outcomes in biology is a problem experienced by class X MIPA 1 SMA Negeri 4 Tanjung Jabung Barat. This study is a classroom action research that aims to determine the increase in students learning outcomes in biology subjects through the implementation of Nearpod-based interactive learning media in class X MIPA 1 SMA Negeri 4 Tanjung Jabung Barat. The research subjects were 28 students. The study was planned in two cycles. The study was planned in two cycles. Each cycle goes through the stages of planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting. Data collection methods are observation, tests and documentation. The data obtained were analyzed by qualitative descriptive analysis. Based on data analysis, it was found that the average student learning outcomes increased by 3.93 points, from 78.21 in cycle I to 82.14 in cycle II. Students who reach the completion limit of learning outcomes in cycle I are 22 students (78.57%). Students who reach the completion limit of learning outcomes in cycle II are 28 students (100%). the conclusion is that the use of Nearpod-based interactive learning media can increase biology learning outcomes in class X MIPA 1 SMA Negeri 4 Tanjung Jabung Barat.
abstrak. Hasil belajar adalah salah satu indikator ketercapaian sebuah tujuan pembelajaran dan menjadi dan menjadi bahan refleksi dalam menyusun pembelajaran berikutnya. Kendala-kendala yang muncul di dalam pembelajaran harus direspon oleh guru agar perolehan hasil belajar siswa sesuai dengan kriteria ketuntasan tujuan pembelajaran. Nearpod merupakan aplikasi pembelajaran daring yang dapat menjadi alternatif dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan tindakan kelas yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ada peningkatan hasil belajar Biologi siswa melalui pemanfaatan media pembelajaran interaktif berbasis Nearpod di kelas X SMA Negeri 4 Tanjung Jabung Barat. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 28 siswa. Penelitian dilakukan sebanyak dua siklus. Setiap siklus melewati tahapan perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi. Metode pengumpulan data ialah observasi, tes dan dokumentasi. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Berdasarkan analisis data, diperoleh data peningkatan 3,93 poin rata-rata hasil belajar siswa, dari skor 78,21 pada siklus I menjadi 82,14 pada siklus II. Ketuntasan hasil belajar dicapai 22 siswa (78,57%) pada siklus I. Ketuntasan hasil belajar dicapai 28 siswa (100%) pada siklus II. Hal tersebut menjadi dasar kesimpulan bahwa pemanfaatan media pembelajaran interaktif berbasis Nearpod dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar biologi siswa kelas X MIPA 1 SMA Negeri 4 Tanjung Jabung Barat.
Pengembangan Aplikasi PraMetaVirLab (Praktikum Metabolisme Virtual Laboratorium) Berbasis STEM Sebagai Media Pembelajaran Biologi KelasXII SMA/MA
Authors: Amalia Rahma Rina , Wardhani Irma Yuniar 
Published: July 2024

This research uses R&D (Research and Development) research with a 4D development model adapted to 3D (Define, Design, Develop). The objectives of this research are: 1) To determine the procedure for developing the STEM-based PraMetaVirLab (Virtual Laboratory Metabolism Practicum) application as a Biology Learning Media, 2) To determine the level of feasibility of the STEM-based PraMetaVirlab (Virtual Laboratory Metabolism Practicum) application as a Learning Media in Class XII SMA/ M.A. The test subjects in this research were students in class XII MIPA MA Raudlatus Shibyan. Data collection techniques through questionnaires, interviews and documentation. The sampling technique used is saturated sampling which is a type of non-probability sampling. The validation results from material experts obtained an assessment with an overall average percentage of 92.5% including the "Very Valid" category and an assessment from media experts with an overall average percentage of 89.964% "Very Valid" category. In the feasibility assessment by teachers, a percentage of 80% was obtained with the "Practical" category used by teachers, while the overall percentage obtained by students was 83.3% with the "Very Practical" category used by students. Thus, the STEM-based PraMetaVirLab (Virtual Laboratory Metabolism Practicum) application as a Biology Learning Media for class XII SMA/MA is practically used by teachers and students.
Abstrak. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian R&D (Research and Development) dengan model pengembangan 4D yang diadaptasi menjadi 3D (Define, Design, Develop). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah : 1) Untuk mengetahui prosedur pengembangan aplikasi PraMetaVirLab (Praktikum Metabolisme Virtual Laboratorium) Berbasis STEM Sebagai Media Pembelajaran Biologi, 2) Untuk mengetahui tingkat kelayakan aplikasi PraMetaVirlab (Praktikum Metabolisme Virtual Laboratorium) Berbasis STEM Sebagai Media Pembelajaran Pada Kelas XII SMA/MA. Subjek uj coba dalam penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas XII MIPA MA Raudlatus Shibyan. Teknik pengambilan data melalui angket, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik sampling yang digunakan ialah sampling jenuh yang termasuk jenis non probability sampling.. Hasil validasi ahli materi memperoleh penilaian dengan rata-rata presentase keseluruhan sebesar 92,5% termasuk kategori “Sangat Valid” dan penilaian dari ahli media dengan rata-rata presentase keseluruhan sebesar 89,964% kategori “Sangat Valid”. Pada penilaian kelayakan oleh guru didapat presentase sejumlah 80% dengan kategori “Praktis” digunakan oleh guru sedangkan oleh peserta didik diperoleh rata-rata presentase keseluruhan sebesar 83,3% dengan kategori “Sangat Praktis” digunakan oleh peserta didik. Dengan demikian, aplikasi PraMetaVirLab (Praktikum Metabolisme Virtual Laboratorium) Berbasis STEM Sebagai Media Pembelajaran Biologi kelas XII SMA/MA praktis digunakan oleh guru dan peserta didik.
Inovasi Pembelajaran Model Inkuiri Terbimbing Berbasis Teknologi pada Materi Perubahan Lingkungan
Authors: Siregar Shopiah Dhuha , Zhafira Zhafira , Riandi Riandi 
Published: July 2024

The characteristics of students who are literate with advances in digital technology encourage the integration of technology in biology learning. The inquiry learning model is one of the models that can facilitate the integration of learning with technology. The purpose of this research is to innovate technology-based learning in the guided inquiry learning model with the subject matter of environmental change. The research was conducted using the literature review method in order to collect and evaluate previous studies with the intention and purpose of presenting theories that are relevant to the problems and topics being studied through Google Scholar, SINTA and Scopus. The results of this study are in the form of technology that is innovated in the guided inquiry learning model consisting of PPT, LCD, Projector, Liveworksheet, Smartphone, PC / Computer, Breezo meter, Sound Level Meter, Thermometer Smartphone and Splint Bottle. The integration of technology in biology learning with the guided inquiry model is expected to increase the effectiveness as well as the benefits and meaning of learning biology.
abstrak. Karakteristik siswa yang melek dengan kemajuan teknologi digital mendorong adanya integrasi teknologi dalam pembelajaran biologi. Model pembelajaran inkuiri merupakan salah satu model yang dapat memfasilitasi integrasi pembelajaran dengan teknologi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melakukan inovasi pembelajaran berbasis teknologi pada model pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing dengan pokok materi perubahan lingkungan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode kajian literatur dalam rangka mengumpulkan serta mengevaluasi penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya dengan maksud dan tujuan untuk menyajikan teori-teori yang relevan dengan permasalahan dan topik yang sedang dikaji melalui Google Scholar, SINTA dan Scopus. Hasil dari penelitian ini berupa teknologi yang diinovasikan dalam model pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing yang terdiri atas PPT, LCD , Proyektor, Liveworksheet, Smartphone, PC / Komputer, Breezo meter, Sound Level Meter, Thermometer Smartphone dan Botol Beling. Integrasi teknologi dalam pembelajaran biologi dengan model inkuiri terbimbing diharapkan dapat meningkatkan efektivitas serta manfaat dan makna dari pembelajaran biologi.