bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transfusion Requirements in Surgical Oncology Patients
Authors: Pinheiro de Almeida Juliano , Vincent Jean-Louis , Barbosa Gomes Galas Filomena Regina , Pinto Marinho de Almeida Elisangela , Fukushima Julia T. , Osawa Eduardo A. , Bergamin Fabricio , Lee Park Clarice , Nakamura Rosana Ely , Fonseca Silvia M. R. , Cutait Guilherme , Inacio Alves Joseane , Bazan Mellik , Vieira Silvia , Vieira Sandrini Ana C. , Palomba Henrique , Ribeiro Ulysses , Crippa Alexandre , Dalloglio Marcos , del Pilar Estevez Diz Maria , Kalil Filho Roberto , Costa Auler Jose Otavio , Rhodes Andrew , Hajjar Ludhmila Abrahao 
Published: November 2014

Abstract

Background:
Several studies have indicated that a restrictive erythrocyte transfusion strategy is as safe as a liberal one in critically ill patients, but there is no clear evidence to support the superiority of any perioperative transfusion strategy in patients with cancer.

Methods:
In a randomized, controlled, parallel-group, double-blind (patients and outcome assessors) superiority trial in the intensive care unit of a tertiary oncology hospital, the authors evaluated whether a restrictive strategy of erythrocyte transfusion (transfusion when hemoglobin concentration <7 g/dl) was superior to a liberal one (transfusion when hemoglobin concentration <9 g/dl) for reducing mortality and severe clinical complications among patients having major cancer surgery. All adult patients with cancer having major abdominal surgery who required postoperative intensive care were included and randomly allocated to treatment with the liberal or the restrictive erythrocyte transfusion strategy. The primary outcome was a composite endpoint of mortality and morbidity.

Results:
A total of 198 patients were included as follows: 101 in the restrictive group and 97 in the liberal group. The primary composite endpoint occurred in 19.6% (95% CI, 12.9 to 28.6%) of patients in the liberal-strategy group and in 35.6% (27.0 to 45.4%) of patients in the restrictive-strategy group (P = 0.012). Compared with the restrictive strategy, the liberal transfusion strategy was associated with an absolute risk reduction for the composite outcome of 16% (3.8 to 28.2%) and a number needed to treat of 6.2 (3.5 to 26.5).

Conclusion:
A liberal erythrocyte transfusion strategy with a hemoglobin trigger of 9 g/dl was associated with fewer major postoperative complications in patients having major cancer surgery compared with a restrictive strategy.
Merger: institutional interplay with customer relationship management
Authors: Lukkari Pirjo 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss institutional influence on customer relationship management (CRM) practices and the restructuring of portfolios during the merger of two pharmaceutical companies.Design/methodology/approachAn explanatory case study from the perspective of the focal actor.FindingsIsomorphic pressures and some organizational conditions are identified as relevant factors in the redefinition of the customer, the outcome of which is the deinstitutionalization of some CRM practices and the restructuring of customer portfolios. It is also proposed that procedural legitimacy drives the change within the network organization.Research limitations/implicationsThis study reported in this paper is idiographic and explores one case. Further longitudinal research is needed in order to generalize the findings.Practical implicationsCRM practices are contingent upon how isomorphic pressures are coped with and how the institutional arrangements are utilized during the merger.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the discussion on institutional influence on CRM in network organizations.
Improving auditor effectiveness in assessing KYC/AML practices
Authors: De Smet Dieter , Mention Anne‐Laure 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to report on the suitability of an ISO standard to create an internal control assessment model, which effectively acts as a control system template and mental model to evaluate compliance with the Know Your Customer (KYC) and anti‐money laundering (AML) requirements in the Luxembourg retail and private banking sector.Design/methodology/approachThis paper used a qualitative approach with various focus groups and case studies, to elaborate and validate the developed model through methodological triangulation.FindingsThe proposed assessment model has a matrix structure that facilitates the incorporation of checklists and narratives to ensure effective testing of controls and its structure allows targeting specific areas of risk in the identified KYC/AML processes.Research limitations/implicationsThe development of the model tended to be time consuming and could explain why matrix formats are used less often and the traditional limitations of a qualitative research apply.Practical implicationsThe model can be used to combine various reporting formats on internal control, hence the audit effectiveness can be increased and information asymmetries can be reduced.Originality/valueThe proposed assessment model offers an innovative approach because it combines a process view of the business with an internal control view. Research in internal control assessment models has been very limited in the past years.
Virtual team trust: task, communication and sequence
Authors: Olson Joel , Olson Linda 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThis study aims to examine the impact of task interdependence, communication medium, and sequence of conditions on trust in virtual teams.Design/methodology/approachA pilot experiment was conducted using 22 subjects in eight groups with a mixed 2×2 design. A within‐groups method with repeated measures was used to explore time pressure and task complexity, communication medium and individual perceptions of trust. A between‐groups method was used for sequence of conditions. The four study conditions were: a simple task in a face‐to‐face condition; a complex task in a face‐to‐face condition; a simple task in a computer‐mediated condition; and a complex task in a computer‐mediated condition. Groups were randomly assigned to a starting condition. Each group was rotated through all the conditions. Following each condition, subjects completed the modified Jarvenpaa‐Knoll‐Leidner trust measure assessing their individual perception of trust for that condition.FindingsSignificant effects were found on the relationships between the communication medium and condition sequences of task interdependence and communication medium on individual perceptions of trust. No significant effects were found on the relationship of task interdependence and individual perceptions of trust.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample size makes the study more descriptive than inferential.Originality/valueThis study intends to add to the trust literature by examining the impact of task interdependence, communication medium, and sequence of conditions on trust in virtual teams. Its primary contribution is the sequence of conditions on trust. The trust affect of condition sequence is linked to task interdependence, communication predictability, and adpative structuration theory.
Rapid prototyping by consolidation of stainless steel powder using an electrical arc
Authors: Rangesh A. , O'Neill William 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the feasibility of using a pulsed Tungsten inert gas arc to fully melt and consolidate stainless steel powder onto a stainless steel substrate. The technology aims to bridge the gap between selective laser sintering or laser melting and wire fed weld deposition by providing good quality and better resolution at a lower cost.Design/methodology/approachCurrent settings between 5 and 30 A and frequencies between 0 and 200 Hz were used to consolidate stainless steel powder onto a substrate. Results were catalogued based on surface roughness using white light interferometery to develop a process map.FindingsVelocity independent thresholds of current (17 A minimum) and frequency (20 Hz minimum) were found, with better quality achieved at higher pulse frequencies. The microstructure of the samples were examined showing grain sizes of ≈3 μm for equiaxed grains and up to 20 μm for the columnar grains. Vickers hardness measurements showed only a 20 point average hardness increase in the HAZ compared to the substrate.Research limitations/implicationsThe study showed that although it was possible to deposit stainless steel tracks, it was not possible to reduce the track resolution to less than 400 μm at any of the process settings.Originality/valueThe research aims to investigate the use of a readily available, low cost, heat source to consolidate metal powder. The suitability of such a heat source for rapid prototyping is investigated using a variety of objective tests to provide a balanced view of its capabilities and limitations.
The effect of perceptual fluency and enduring involvement on situational involvement in an online apparel shopping context
Authors: Im Hyunjoo , Ha Young 
Published: November 2014

PurposeCasual online shoppers without a strong intention to purchase items can easily leave web sites within seconds. However, there is little research examining how and why consumers are engaged momentarily when they are exposed to a target stimulus in a low involvement shopping situation. This online experiment study seeks to investigate the possibility of enhancing situational involvement with personal and stimulus factors, namely enduring involvement and perceived perceptual fluency, and to determine how enjoyment contributes to the relations among enduring involvement, perceptual fluency, cognitive effort, and situational involvement, in a low‐involvement online shopping context.Design/methodology/approachAn online experiment was conducted to test the conceptual model. Two mock web sites with different levels of perceptual fluency were developed to test effects of perceptual fluency on situational involvement, and participants completed an online survey after viewing one on the web site.FindingsStructural equation modeling was performed to test the proposed model (n=657). The result confirmed that perceived perceptual fluency elicited enjoyment, which in turn positively affected situational involvement, purchase intention, and cognitive effort. Enduring involvement influences enjoyment, cognitive effort, and purchase intention in a web‐browsing situation. Enjoyment plays a key role by mediating the perceptual fluency effect and enduring involvement effect on purchase intention and cognitive effort. The findings of the current study demonstrated that perceptual fluency of a stimulus could engage people by enhancing enjoyment.Originality/valueThe current study provides an insight into comprehensively understanding how situational involvement can be created through visual information display/web site design as well as a personal factor. The study uniquely approaches the issue of involvement and engagement through internal, psychological process of consumers. Also, the empirical support for the proposed model successfully extends the perceptual fluency hypothesis, contributing to the field of literature.
Branding paradigm for the bottom of the pyramid markets
Authors: Rajagopal  
Published: November 2014

PurposeThis paper aims to deliver new models of brand management in bottom‐of‐the‐pyramid (BoP) markets, considering the personality traits, image, technology and reputation of firms associated with the brands.Design/methodology/approachReviewing the previous research studies, the paper advocates new strategies for enhancing the performance of global brands in BoP market segments, improving brand‐positioning approaches, measuring brand performance and consumer value, evaluating brand attributes, and underlining brand dynamics in the competitive marketplace.FindingsThe study argues that the performance of global brands in low‐profile consumer market segments is constrained by high transaction costs and coordination problems along the brand promotions, consumption and consumer value chain. Hence, firms looking towards managing brands in BoP market segments need to reduce brand costs by increasing the volume of sales and augmenting consumer value. Brands of BoP market segments are socially and culturally embedded. They are co‐created by consumers and firms, and positioned with the influence of brand equity of the premium market. Unlike traditional brands, BoP brands may be sufficiently malleable to support brand interpretations in the rural and suburban consumer segments.Research limitations/implicationsAcquired brands need to be merged into the existing structure, especially where these brands occupy market positions similar to those of existing brands. A balance needs to be maintained between the brand name and its equity. Managers should keep themselves better informed about consumer needs, market changes and company initiatives, thereby enabling staff to help consumers to improve service quality, which in turn can improve market positioning.Practical implicationsIn today's rapidly changing product markets, a firm needs to focus on a limited number of strategic brands in international markets in order to consolidate and strengthen its position and enhance brand power. The paper offers new business strategies to managers on brand positioning and targeting in suburban and rural markets with convenience packaging, pricing and psychodynamics.Originality/valueNew initiatives to manage global brands in BoP markets comprising suburban and rural markets that need to be implemented in the existing organizational culture are discussed.
Some children are more different than others
Authors: Neumann Sascha 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to explore how professional educators in early childhood education cope with diverse linguistic environments in their daily work. The article addresses this issue by focusing on practices of language use in Luxembourgian nurseries.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is reflecting on empirical data of an ethnographic research project currently conducted in six different day care facilities for children from three months to four years old. The study uses participant observation and videography as data collection strategies. Data analysis was based on field notes and protocols, video recordings, photographs, documents, and artifacts.FindingsOn the basis of the ethnographic observations, two different practical regimes of “doing linguistic diversity” are discriminated: an area of “practicing super‐diversity” and an area of “practicing difference”. In the context of the second regime it becomes visible that the use of Luxemburgish as lingua franca for the communication between educators and children produces unequal distributed opportunities for foreign children when participating linguistically in the everyday life of daycare facilities.Originality/valueThe paper raises serious questions about the language policies in the Luxembourgian daycare sector as well as in respect to the supposed inclusion effects of early childhood education and care, effects that both politicians and professionals emphasize regularly. This especially concerns the conceptualization of “the child” which is in use while professionals treat children as foreign language speakers.
Narrative inquiry: embracing the possibilities
Authors: Thomas Sharon 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to promote narrative inquiry as a legitimate and rich research approach for academics undertaking postgraduate studies in higher education learning and teaching.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is framed within a personal narrative – one that draws upon the author's personal experience as an academic developer. It draws heavily on narrative theory to support its claims.FindingsIt is argued that when narrative inquiry is presented as a complement to, rather than a replacement for, other research approaches, uptake amongst diverse groups of academics is strong. Furthermore, it is suggested that when accompanied by personal engagement with narrative inquiry and presented within a theoretical framework that honours its history, its robust literature and highlights its fundamental purpose and unique qualities, the possibilities offered by narrative are more likely to be understood and embraced.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper is based upon the experience of one academic working within one university.Originality/valueThis paper highlights the possibilities offered by narrative inquiry as a research approach for diverse groups of teaching academics.
Using diamond ranking as visual cues to engage young people in the research process
Authors: Clark Jill 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to describe and consider the use of diamond ranking activities as visual cues to elicit ideas, prompt reflection and promote discussion amongst pupils (aged 10‐13), teachers and other staff in two qualitative research studies.Design/methodology/approachThe activities included nine photographs as visual cues, and participants cut out these pictures and stuck them onto a piece of A3 paper in a diamond shape, ranking them by position where their preferred picture is at the top and the most disliked at the bottom.FindingsImportantly, participants also annotated their diamond with qualitative comments and explanations.Originality/valueThis article explores the use of diamond ranking as visual cues – a tool within qualitative research that is under‐developed – as a way of engaging participants in the research process. Issues explored include inclusivity, active discussions and applicability to a wide range of people.
Supervisory conversations on rigour and interpretive research
Authors: Whiteley Alma 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive narrative account of supervisory conversations with doctoral students. They include providing knowledge and experience about the nature of qualitative and quantitative approaches and their respective histories and rigour requirements.Design/methodological/approachAn introduction reveals the complexity, debates and dialectics that are engaged with during the doctoral supervisory process. Two design issues are discussed. One is research design; the other is supervisor method.FindingsRigour in interpretive research is distinctive, linked to its characteristics and the unique role of the researcher as an instrument of data collection, conscious of the need to give voice to respondents and preserve their authentic responses. The audit trail is a centrepiece for both rigour and the reflection, reflexivity necessary to address ongoing biases, decisions and dilemmas.Research limitations/implicationsSupervisory conversations are dynamic but there is a core, a set of initial conditions and these relate to the ethics and integrity of the doctoral student and the supervisor.Originality/valueThe paper penetrates the social space where supervisors and doctoral students interact. Within the text, “advice” and seminal ideas are presented from literature and the supervisor's experience that will inform researchers and demonstrate a supervisor method.
The effect of up‐armoring of the high‐mobility multi‐purpose wheeled vehicle (HMMWV) on the off‐road vehicle performance
Authors: Grujicic M. , Marvi H. , Arakere G. , Bell W.C. , Haque I. 
Published: November 2014

PurposeA parallel finite‐element/multi‐body‐dynamics investigation is carried out of the effect of up‐armoring on the off‐road performance of a prototypical high‐mobility multipurpose‐wheeled vehicle (HMMWV). The paper seeks to investigate the up‐armoring effect on the vehicle performance under the following off‐road maneuvers: straight‐line flatland braking; straight‐line off‐angle downhill braking; and sharp left turn.Design/methodology/approachFor each of the above‐mentioned maneuvers, the appropriate vehicle‐performance criteria are identified and the parameters used to quantify these criteria are defined and assessed. The ability of a computationally efficient multi‐body dynamics approach when combined with a detailed model for tire/soil interactions to yield results qualitatively and quantitatively consistent with their computational counterparts obtained using computationally quite costly finite element analyses is assessed.FindingsThe computational results obtained clearly reveal the compromises in vehicle off‐road performance caused by the up‐armoring employ to improve vehicle blast and ballistic protection performance/survivability. The results obtained are also analyzed and explained in terms of general field‐test observations in order to judge physical soundness and fidelity of the present computational approaches.Originality/valueThe paper offers insights into the effects of up‐armoring of the HMMWV on off‐road vehicle performance.
Failure analysis of heat treated HSLA wheel bolt steels
Authors: Nazari Ali , Riahi Shadi 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe aims of this study is to analyze failure of two types of high‐strength low‐alloy (HSLA) steels which are used in wheel bolts 10.9 grade, boron steel and chromium‐molybdenum steel, before and after heat treatment.Design/methodology/approachThe optimum heat treatment to obtain the best tensile behavior was determined and Charpy impact and Rockwell hardness tests were performed on the two steel types before and after the optimum heat treating.FindingsFractographic studies show a ductile fracture for heat‐treated boron steel while indicate a semi‐brittle fracture for heat‐treated chromium‐molybdenum steel. Formation of a small boron carbide amount during heat treating of boron steel results in increment the bolt's tensile strength while the ductility did not changed significantly. In the other hand, formation of chromium and molybdenum carbides during heat treating of chromium‐molybdenum steel increased the bolt's tensile strength with a considerable reduction in the final ductility.Originality/valueThis paper evaluates failure analysis of HSLA wheel bolt steels and compares their microstructure before and after the loading regime.
Wroe Alderson's Marketing Theory Seminar: an experiment in higher education (1951‐1965)
Authors: McGarry E.D. 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe the founding and history of the Marketing Theory Seminar, often called Wroe Alderson's Seminar.Design/methodology/approachThe paper offers personal reflections and historical narrative.FindingsThe Marketing Theory Seminar was considered by Wroe Alderson to be the crowning achievement of his career. This paper was presented at the time of Alderson's death in 1965 to memorialize his work on the Seminar. It documents the key participants and themes of the Seminars from their inception in 1951 through 1962.Originality/valueThis paper was presented at the Theory Seminar in 1965 by one of its founding organizers, Edmund McGarry, and has never been published. Copyright is held by the estate of the author. While we have been unable to contact any such persons, we have published the article with a view to bringing this important document to a wider audience. We welcome any communication from the holders of McGarry's estate.