bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved laboratory resource utilization and patient care with the use of rapid on‐site evaluation for endobronchial ultrasound fine‐needle aspiration biopsy
Authors: Collins Brian T. , Chen Alexander C. , Wang Jeff F. , Bernadt Cory T. , Sanati Souzan 
Published: July 2013

BACKGROUNDEndobronchial ultrasound guided (EBUS) fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy has become widely used to evaluate patients with thoracic abnormalities. Rapid on‐site evaluation (ROSE) can provide the bronchoscopist with immediate evaluation findings during the procedure. This study examines EBUS FNA biopsy procedures with and without ROSE, and investigates the impact of ROSE service on the EBUS procedure and laboratory resource utilization.METHODSThe cytopathology database at Washington University Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri, was searched for EBUS FNA biopsy cases before and after introduction of ROSE service, and a matched cohort was collected. Reports were reviewed and pertinent data was collected, such as sites biopsied, ROSE performance, slide smears, cell blocks, and diagnostic categories. Statistical analysis of the results was performed.RESULTSA matched case‐controlled EBUS FNA cohort of 340 patients (680 total) for each category of non‐ROSE and ROSE service were identified. There was a 33% reduction in the number of sites biopsied with ROSE. A total of 68% of patients with ROSE had just one biopsy site compared to only 36% of non‐ROSE patients. There was a 30% decrease in total slides (mean, 5.27 slides) after the introduction of ROSE. All of these improvements were statistically significant.CONCLUSIONSEBUS FNA biopsy ROSE service benefits patients by contributing to significantly fewer biopsies and improved utilization of health care resources. ROSE service results in substantially fewer total slides, which has a significant impact on the cytopathology laboratory work effort. The use of ROSE for EBUS FNA biopsy provides significant improvements in patient care and laboratory resource utilization. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2013;121:544–551. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Synergistic Modification of Electronic and Photocatalytic Properties of TiO2 Nanotubes by Implantation of Au and N Atoms
Authors: Zhu Yingtao , Dai Ying , Lai Kangrong , Huang Baibiao 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe structural and electronic properties of N‐doped, Au‐adsorbed, and Au/N co‐implanted TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) were investigated by performing first‐principle density functional theory (DFT) calculations. For all the possible implanted configurations, the radius and bond length do not change significantly relative to the clean NTs. Our results indicate that the introduction of N into NTs is in favor of implantation of Au, and Au pre‐adsorption on the NTs can also enhance the N concentration in NTs. The synergistic stability can be mainly attributed to charge transfer between Au and N atoms. In co‐implanted configurations, the empty N 2p states in the band gap are occupied by one electron; denoted by Au 5s states. Thus, the associated electron transition among the valence band, the conduction band and the gap states results in redshift of the light absorption. In addition, the disappearance of N 2p empty states can effectively decrease the photogenerated carrier combination. Therefore, the Au/N implanted NTs should be regarded as a promising photocatalytic material under the visible light region.
Amperometric Measurements at Cells Support a Role for Dynamin in the Dilation of the Fusion Pore during Exocytosis
Authors: Trouillon Raphaël , Ewing Andrew G. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractDynamin is a GTPase mechanochemical enzyme involved in the late steps of endocytosis, where it separates the endocytotic vesicle from the cell membrane. However, recent reports have emphasized its role in exocytosis. In this case, dynamin may contribute to the control of the exocytotic pore, thus suggesting a direct control on the efflux of neurotransmitters. Dynasore, a selective inhibitor of the GTPase activity of dynamin, was used to investigate the role of dynamin in exocytosis. Exocytosis was analyzed by amperometry, thus revealing that dynasore inhibits exocytosis in a dose‐dependent manner. Analysis of the exocytotic peaks shows that the inhibition of the GTPase activity of dynamin leads to shorter, smaller events. This observation, together with the rapid effect of dynasore, suggests that the blocking of the GTPase induces the formation of a more narrow and short‐lived fusion pore. These results suggest that the GTPase properties of dynamin are involved in the duration and kinetics of exocytotic release. Interestingly, and in strong contrast with its role in endocytosis, the mechanochemical properties of dynamin appear to contribute to the dilation and stability of the pore during exocytosis.
Theoretical Design of Strong Neutral Radical–Boron Adducts: Trisubstituted Boranes as Potential Radical Scavengers
Authors: Braïda Benoît , Derat Etienne , Chaquin Patrick 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe conditions of formation of strong two‐center one‐electron bonds in neutral compounds are discussed. Both molecular orbital and valence bond analyses show that good candidates are adducts of radicals .AR3 (A=C, Si, Ge) of low ionization energy (IE) with boranes BX3 of high electron affinity (EA). This is confirmed by ab initio calculations. The bond energy of adducts of B(CF3)3 with various radicals ranges from 18 kcal mol−1 for .CH3 to approximately 40 kcal mol−1 for Me3Si., and a clear correlation with IE–EA difference is found. This allows one to expect B(CF3)3, among other fluoroboranes, to be an efficient radical scavenger.
Phylogenetic and morphometric analyses reveal ecophenotypic plasticity in freshwater musselsObovaria jacksonianaandVillosa arkansasensis(Bivalvia:Unionidae)
Authors: Inoue Kentaro , Hayes David M. , Harris John L. , Christian Alan D. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractFreshwater mollusk shell morphology exhibits clinal variation along a stream continuum that has been termed the Law of Stream Distribution. We analyzed phylogenetic relationships and morphological similarity of two freshwater mussels (Bivalvia:Unionidae),Obovaria jacksonianaandVillosa arkansasensis, throughout their ranges. The objectives were to investigate phylogenetic structure and evolutionary divergence ofO. jacksonianaandV. arkansasensisand morphological similarity between the two species. Our analyses were the first explicit tests of phenotypic plasticity in shell morphologies using a combination of genetics and morphometrics. We conducted phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrialDNA(1416 bp; two genes) and morphometric analyses for 135 individuals ofO. jacksonianaandV. arkansasensisfrom 12 streams. We examined correlations among genetic, morphological, and spatial distances using Mantel tests. Molecular phylogenetic analyses revealed a monophyletic relationship betweenO. jacksonianaandV. arkansasensis. Within thisO. jacksoniana/V. arkansasensiscomplex, five distinct clades corresponding to drainage patterns showed high genetic divergence. Morphometric analysis revealed relative differences in shell morphologies between the two currently recognized species. We conclude that morphological differences between the two species are caused by ecophenotypic plasticity. A series of Mantel tests showed regional and local genetic isolation by distance. We observed clear positive correlations between morphological and geographic distances within a single drainage. We did not observe correlations between genetic and morphological distances. Phylogenetic analyses suggestO. jacksonianaandV. arkansasensisare synonomous and most closely related to a clade composed ofO. retusa,O. subrotunda, andO. unicolor. Therefore, the synonomousO. jacksonianaandV. arkansasensisshould be recognized asObovaria arkansasensis(Lea 1862) n. comb. Phylogenetic analyses also showed relative genetic isolation among drainages, suggesting no current gene flow. Further investigation of in‐progress speciation and/or cryptic species withinO. arkansasensisis warranted followed by appropriate revision of conservation management designations.
The effects of oasis ecosystem hydrological processes on soil salinization in the lower reaches of the Tarim River, China
Authors: Zhou Honghua , Li Weihong 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTOn the basis of the characteristics of the oasis hydrological recycling processes in the lower reaches of the Tarim River, the impacts of surface water and groundwater on soil salt content were analyzed to determine how these processes affect soil salinization. The results showed that the relationship between surface water quality and soil salt content in the 0–50 cm layer of soil was significantly positive, with soil salt content declining as groundwater depths increased. However, there was no clear correlation between surface water and salt content in the 50–100 cm layer of soil. When the groundwater depth was <6 m, the soil salt content showed a high‐surface concentration, exhibiting a ‘T’ distribution and decreased with increasing soil depth in the order of 0–20 cm > 20–50 cm > 50–100 cm. However, with increasing groundwater depth (>6 m), soil salt loads were reduced and showed a ‘rhombus’ distribution, mainly accumulating in the middle layer in the order of 20–50 cm > 0–20 cm > 50–100 cm. When groundwater depth was greater than 6 m, the hardness, total dissolved solids (TDS), and conductance of the groundwater underwent a radical change. Thus, the critical threshold groundwater depth for condensing salt content in groundwater and changing soil salt load distributions was deemed to be 6 m. Salt accumulation in the 0–50 cm layer of soil was determined by the TDS volume in the groundwater when groundwater depth was shallow, which accounted for more than 90% of salt accumulation. However, salt accumulation was determined by the volume of TDS in irrigation water when groundwater depth increased. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Attachment Security in Three‐Year‐Olds who Entered Substitute Care in Infancy
Authors: Altenhofen Shannon , Clyman Robert , Little Christina , Baker Megan , Biringen Zeynep 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTThis study assessed relations among number of out‐of‐home placement changes, time in caregivers’ care, caregiver type (i.e., foster parent, adoptive parent, kinship relation, and biological parent), child gender, and caregiver–child emotional availability (EA) as predictive of child attachment security when children were 3 years old in a sample of 104 caregivers and children. Children entered court‐ordered care by 6 months of age. On average, children at the age of 3 years spent 30 months with their caregivers, and nearly half of them were adopted by that time. Child attachment was assessed using the Attachment Q‐Set (E.E. Waters & K. Deane, 1985), and caregiver–child EA was assessed using the Emotional Availability Scales, fourth edition (Z. Biringen, 2008). Sixty‐six percent of children at age 3 years showed secure attachments with caregivers, and EA subscale scores also were relatively high on average. The study predictor variables of EA caregiver sensitivity, child responsiveness, and child involvement predicted attachment security, with girls more likely to be securely attached to their substitute caregivers at age 3 years than were boys. Study limitations and directions for future research are discussed.
Nociceptive phenotype of dorsal root ganglia neurons innervating the subchondral bone in rat knee joints
Authors: Aso K. , Ikeuchi M. , Izumi M. , Sugimura N. , Kato T. , Ushida T. , Tani T. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe subchondral bone of the distal femur is a source of pain caused by osteoarthritis (OA) or spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee. However, nociceptive phenotype of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons innervating the subchondral bone in rat knee joints has not been clarified.MethodsRetrograde labelling was used to identify afferents innervating the subchondral bone of the distal femur and the knee joint in rats. The nociceptive phenotype markers [calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP), tyrosine receptor kinase A (TrkA), neurofilament 200 (NF200) and isolectin B4 (IB4)], segmental distribution and the soma size of backlabelled DRG neurons were examined. Furthermore, we evaluated the differences in nociceptive phenotype between the subchondral bone and the knee joint afferents.ResultsThe majority (60%) of the subchondral bone afferents were localized in L3 DRGs and fewer in L4 and L5, while the knee joint afferents were localized mainly in L3 and L4. The percentage of CGRP immunoreactive (IR), TrkA‐IR, NF200‐IR and IB4‐binding neurons in the subchondral bone afferents were 50%, 65%, 35% and 0%, respectively. The percentage of CGRP‐IR and TrkA‐IR neurons in the subchondral bone afferents was significantly higher than that in the knee joint afferents, respectively (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe majority of sensory DRG neurons innervating the subchondral bone of the distal femur were CGRP‐IR and TrkA‐IR. It is expected that therapeutic approaches targeting CGRP and TrkA could be effective in attenuating pain from the subchondral bone in knee joints.
Sex differences in cyclosporine pharmacokinetics and ABCB1 gene expression in mononuclear blood cells in African American and Caucasian renal transplant recipients
Authors: Tornatore Kathleen M. , Brazeau Daniel , Dole Kiran , Danison Ryan , Wilding Gregory , Leca Nicolae , Gundroo Aijaz , Gillis Kathryn , Zack Julia , DiFrancesco Robin , Venuto Rocco C. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractCyclosporine exhibits pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic variability in renal transplant recipients (RTR) attributed to P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp), an ABCB1 efflux transporter that influences bioavailability and intracellular distribution. Data on race and sex influences on P‐gp in RTR are lacking. We investigated sex and race influences on cyclosporine pharmacokinetics and ABCB1 gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Fifty‐four female and male African American and Caucasian stable RTR receiving cyclosporine and mycophenolic acid completed a 12‐hour study. ABCB1 gene expression was assessed in PBMCs pre‐dose and 4 hours after cyclosporine. Statistical analysis used mixed effects models on transformed, normalized ABCB1 expression and cyclosporine pharmacokinetics. Sex and race differences were observed for the dose‐normalized area under the concentration curve (AUC0–12/Dose) [P = .0004], apparent clearance [P = .0004] and clearance/body mass index (CL/BMI) [P = .027] with slowest clearance and greatest drug exposure in females. Sex and race differences were found pre‐dose and 4 hours for ABCB1 [P < .0001] with females having less expression than males. ABCB1 differences were observed between pre‐dose and 4 hours [P = .0009]. Female RTR had slower cyclosporine clearance and lower ABCB1 gene expression in PBMC suggesting reduced efflux activity and greater intracellular drug exposure.
Coastal Greenland air temperature extremes and trends 1890–2010: annual and monthly analysis
Authors: Mernild Sebastian H. , Hanna Edward , Yde Jacob C. , Cappelen John , Malmros Jeppe K. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTWe use observed air temperature data series from 14 meteorological stations in coastal Greenland (located all around the Greenland Ice Sheet) for 1960–2010, where long‐term records for five of the stations extend back to 1890, to illustrate the annual and monthly temporal and spatial distribution of temperature extremes, with the main focus on the latest decade 2001–2010 (2000s). We find that the 2000s had the highest number of mean annual air temperature (MAAT) warm extremes, and the 1890s the highest number of cold extremes, and that a high (low) positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) Index equals a high number of cold (warm) extreme events. For the 2000s the number of warm extremes was significantly higher by around 50% than the number in the 1940s (the early twentieth century warm period): the latter being the decade with the second highest occurrence of MAAT warm extremes. Since 1960, based on MAAT the number of cold extremes has overall decreased on the decadal timescale, besides a peak in 1980s, while warm extremes have increased, leading to a higher occurrence of extremes (cold plus warm extremes): an almost similar pattern occurred for monthly mean temperatures and monthly mean daily maximum and minimum temperature datasets. Furthermore, a division of Greenland into east and west sectors shows that the occurrence of cold (warm) extremes was more pronounced in the East than in the West in the 1960s and 1970s (mid‐1980s to the 2000s).
Morbidity after thyroid surgery: Patient perspective
Authors: Grover Gagandeep , Sadler Gregory P. , Mihai Radu 
Published: July 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate patient perception of morbidity after thyroid surgery.Study DesignSurvey of consecutive patients (case series).MethodsA standardized questionnaire was mailed to 312 patients who underwent thyroid surgery during a 3‐year period (January 2008 to December 2010).ResultsReplies were received from 202 (64%) patients (56 male, 166 female; age, 55 ± 16 years) at 6 to 39 months (median, 23 months) after lobectomy (n = 119) or total thyroidectomy (n = 76) for benign (n = 160) or malignant (n = 42) conditions. Subjective voice assessment using a visual analogue scale was normal in 111 patients, deteriorated in 80 patients, and improved in 21 patients. Voice handicap index scores were normal in 126 (62%) patients and increased in 76 (38%) patients to a median of 17 (range, 11–29). Voice‐related quality of life was excellent in 107 (53%) patients, fair to good in 66 patients, and poor to fair in 29 patients. Subjective assessment of swallowing was reported as normal in 84 patients, moderately affected in 56 patients (score, 11–15) and severely affected in 62 patients (score, 16–40; median, 23). Calcium supplements prescribed routinely after bilateral surgery were interrupted within 2 to 4 weeks in 56 patients and within 3 to 6 months in 18 patients. None of the respondents had persistent hypoparathyroidism. Appearance of the scar assessed using the Manchester score ranged from 5 to 16 (median, 7). Asked whether they would consider robotic thyroid surgery to avoid a cervical scar, only 38 patients said they were definitely interested.ConclusionsA large proportion of patients report persistent moderate voice and swallowing problems after thyroid surgery. These findings are similar to a recent international multicenter survey of more than 2,000 patients with thyroid cancer. Hypocalcemia and cosmetic outcome raised no significant concerns.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 123:2319–2323, 2013
One‐Component Intrinsic Self‐Healing Coatings Based on Reversible Crosslinking by Diels–Alder Cycloadditions
Authors: Kötteritzsch Julia , Stumpf Steffi , Hoeppener Stephanie , Vitz Juergen , Hager Martin D. , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractTerpolymers containing functional moieties for reversible crosslinking by DA reaction are synthesized for application as self‐healing coatings. The polymers are based on a methacrylate backbone containing furan as well as maleimide units in the side chains. No additional crosslinker is required to obtain a self‐healing polymeric material. After damage, the material can be heated to a temperature at which the retro‐DA reaction takes place. Subsequent cooling to room temperature leads to a healing of the scratch due to the coupling of the two reactive functional groups. This healing process can be repeated multiple times. The polymers are characterized by means of 1H NMR spectroscopy, size‐exclusion chromatography, matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry, thermogravimentric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. The self‐healing properties are studied using atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and nanoindentation.magnified image
Pad stress tests with increasing load for the diagnosis of stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Rimstad Liv , Larsen Elsa Skjønhaug , Schiøtz Hjalmar A. , Kulseng‐Hanssen Sigurd 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimThe aim of the study was to test the ability of pad stress tests with increasing load (supine, jumping on the floor, and jumping on a trampoline) to document stress incontinence in subjectively stress incontinent women.MethodsIn this prospective study 147 subjectively stress and mixed incontinent women performed consecutively the three pad stress tests with a bladder volume of 300 ml. Nineteen women performed a second trampoline pad stress test to test repeatability of the test. Nine continent women performed a trampoline pad stress test in order to determine if subjectively continent women would leak during the test.ResultsSeventy‐two women (49%) leaked during the supine, 136 (93%) leaked during the jumping, and 146 (99%) leaked during the trampoline pad stress test. The differences between pad stress tests were significant with P < 0.005. Correlation between the two trampoline pad stress tests was high at 0.8. None of the nine continent women leaked during the trampoline pad stress test.Conclusion: The supine pad stress test has low sensitivity and is therefore often falsely negative. The jumping pad stress test is a simple test to perform and is satisfactory for everyday use. Subjectively stress incontinent women who do not leak during the jumping pad stress test may perform a trampoline pad stress test to document stress incontinence. The trampoline pad stress test is also simple to perform and detected leakage in 91% of the women who did not leak during the jumping pad stress test. Neurourol. Urodynam. 33:1135–1139, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A three‐stage procurement optimization problem under uncertainty
Authors: Prince Mike , Smith J. Cole , Geunes Joseph 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis article examines a problem faced by a firm procuring a material input or good from a set of suppliers. The cost to procure the material from any given supplier is concave in the amount ordered from the supplier, up to a supplier‐specific capacity limit. This NP‐hard problem is further complicated by the observation that capacities are often uncertain in practice, due for instance to production shortages at the suppliers, or competition from other firms. We accommodate this uncertainty in a worst‐case (robust) fashion by modeling an adversarial entity (which we call the “follower”) with a limited procurement budget. The follower reduces supplier capacity to maximize the minimum cost required for our firm to procure its required goods. To guard against uncertainty, the firm can “protect” any supplier at a cost (e.g., by signing a contract with the supplier that guarantees supply availability, or investing in machine upgrades that guarantee the supplier's ability to produce goods at a desired level), ensuring that the anticipated capacity of that supplier will indeed be available. The problem we consider is thus a three‐stage game in which the firm first chooses which suppliers' capacities to protect, the follower acts next to reduce capacity from unprotected suppliers, and the firm then satisfies its demand using the remaining capacity. We formulate a three‐stage mixed‐integer program that is well‐suited to decomposition techniques and develop an effective cutting‐plane algorithm for its solution. The corresponding algorithmic approach solves a sequence of scaled and relaxed problem instances, which enables solving problems having much larger data values when compared to standard techniques. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2013