bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Muscle dysmorphia subscale of eating disorder assessment for men: validity and reliability of the Portuguese version in men across multiple ages
Authors: Silva A. , Macedo A. , Brito M. J. , Marques C. , Pereira A. T. , Bajouco M. 
Published: August 2024

Introduction
Although symptom presentation varies by gender, almost all eating disorder/ED instruments have been developed and validated on females. The Eating Disorder Assessment for Men (EDAM; Stanford & Lemberg 2012) is a male specific self-report measure, composed of four sub-scales, proved to be useful to assess gender differences in ED presentations (Nagata et al. 2021). The MD comprises 5 items about the overwhelming concern with muscularity and the false perception of having an underdeveloped body.ObjectivesHaving already valid measures of body image and eating behaviors in men, we now aim to analyze the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of MD, in order to have a quick and rigorous measure of this specific construct.MethodsParticipants were 227 male individuals (mean age=30.41 years±13.96; range: 14-73 years). They answered an online survey including the preliminary DM and the Portuguese validated versions of the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q7) and the Body Image Concern Inventory (BICI).ResultsConfirmatory Factor Analysis showed that the unidimensional model presented good fit indexes (χ2/df=.6829; RMSEA=.0000; CFI=1.00 TLI=1.01, GFI=.995). Cronbach’s alfa was .891; all the items contributed to the internal consistency and had high internal validity. Pearson correlations of DM with EDE-Q7 and BICI were significant (p<.001) and moderate-high, respectively,.384 and .522.ConclusionsThe Portuguese preliminary version of DM-EDAM demonstrated validity (construct and convergent) and reliability. can be used for clinical and research purposes, namely in an ongoing project we have in progress, about body image, disordered eating, gender and age.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Towards an increased attention on ADHD symptoms and traits in young adults: prevalence data from screening tools in a psychiatric outpatient clinic
Authors: Sanguineti C. , Nistico’ V. , Folatti I. , Santangelo G. , Faggioli R. , Bertani A. , Gambini O. , Demartini B. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionAttention–Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder encompassing developmentally inappropriate inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and increased impulsivity (DSM-5). Symptoms presentation is different for different stages of life; moreover, individuals with ADHD symptomatology can develop abilities and strategies that help them adapt and mask the distinctive features of the condition, thus reducing the functional impairment usually seen in ADHD subjects, and ultimately not receiving neither a clinical diagnosis nor a proper therapeutic support. They might express their lack of well-being through other transdiagnostic symptoms, and finally reach psychiatric attention for potential comorbidities. Hence, it was argued that the existence of children and adolescents with subthreshold and underrecognized symptoms that subsequently develop into a full diagnosis suggests that ADHD should be significantly more considered in adult mental health settings.ObjectivesHere we aimed to analyse the prevalence of ADHD symptoms and traits in a heterogeneous clinical psychiatric sample of young adults (aged 18 to 24 years old), who referred to a specialized outpatient clinic for various psychiatric and psychological disturbances.Methods259 participants completed three validated self-report screening questionnaires for ADHD: the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS), the Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Screening Scale for DSM-5 (ASRS-5), and the Conners’ adult ADHD rating scale (CAARS).Results12.4% of our sample scored above the cut-off at both the WURS and the ASRS-5 and was considered at risk of ADHD.Conclusions
The prevalence rate in our sample is higher than the one found in the adult general population (6.76%), and in the lower range of the one found in the adult clinical population (6.9% to 38.8%). We discuss the potential role of sociodemographics (age, sex, gender identity, and employment) and comorbidity factors. Differences in the clinical presentation of ADHD according to sex assigned at birth and age should be considered during every psychiatric evaluation to minimize the risk of underdiagnosis. We advocate for further studies investigating the prevalence of ADHD in different psychiatric services for adults, and for a stronger presence of specialistic ADHD services and trained clinicians on the territory: this would increase diagnostic reliability, consequently providing a better treatment for ADHD in adults, and facilitate the transition from pediatric to adult’s services.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
The relationship between homelessness and psychiatric disorders in an inpatient sample
Authors: Vass C. V. , Gazdag G. , Vida G. V. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionThere are more than ten thousand homeless people in Hungary. Earlier studies confirmed the connection between mental health issues and homelessness. Furthermore, homeless care places a significant burden on the healthcare system, with psychiatric departments being no exception.Objectivesto compare demographic and treatment characteristis of homeless and not homeless inpatients in the psychiatric department of Jahn Ferenc South Pest Hospital (JFSPH), and thus providing a different perspective compared to previous studies, shedding light on the relationships from a different angle.MethodsIn our retrospective study, we analyzed all inpatients’ data treated in the psychiatric department of JFSPH over a 4-month period (03/2023-07/2023). Patients were divided into two groups: those with housing and those who were homeless. We compared the two groups based on the following variables: gender, age, length of inpatient treatment, diagnosis, psychiatric history, employment status; smoking, alcohol and drug use; valid health insurance, invalidity pension and guardianship status; and long-acting injectable antipsychotic treatment.ResultsThe percentage of homeless individuals treated in the psychiatric department of JFSPH was 18%. There was a significant difference in the length of inpatient stay between the two groups, homeless patients spent more than 100% longer time under inpatient treatment. Regarding psychiatric history, there was no significant difference between the two patient groups. When examining the employment status of the sample, we found significantly more unemployed patients im the homeless group. Comparing to the control group, there were significantly more alcohol consumers, smokers, and substance users among the homeless. Long-acting antipsychotic injections were administered significantly more frequently to homeless patients. A significantly higher percentage of homeless individuals were declared invalidated, and a significantly higher proportion of them were placed under guardianship compared to the group with housing. Homeless individuals were significantly more likely to have no social insurance compared to the control group.ConclusionsIn summary, we can conclude that significant difference have been found between the homeless and not homeless groups in most of the examined variables. These results implicates that the inpatient care of homeless patients poses significant bourden on the inpatient system. Early prevention and effective rehabilitation of substance use disorders could decrease this burden. Establishing a proper social safety network and enhancing community psychiatric care could potentially also relieve the burden of inpatient care system.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Change in risk status of psychiatric patients admitted to Crisis and Home Treatment Team: an evaluation in the UK
Authors: Raja U. , Misra A. , Kar N. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionThe Crisis and Home Treatment Teams (CRHT) in psychiatry manages patients with risk to self and others in the community. The number of patents under CRHT who attempt or die of suicide is high in the UK (Hunt et al BJPsych Bull. 2016;40:172-4). The CRHT is an option to help support patients in managing their risk using various interventions and also aim to prevent admission to acute psychiatric wards where possible.ObjectivesWe intended to study the change in risk to self and others and the factors associated with it during the intervention from a CRHT taking care of adult patients in the West Midlands region of England.MethodsThe study was conducted as a service evaluation of patients admitted under the CRHT. Data was collected from the case records, for 100 patients for whom details were available. Risk to self and others were checked, along with overall risk as red (highest risk), amber (intermediate risk) and green (low risk). Demographic and clinical information was collected and the data quality was checked.ResultsThere were 46 male and 54 female patients in the study, with mean age of 40.4 ± 12.4 and 40.2 ± 12.8 Years respectively (not significant). They were comparable in number of diagnoses (mean 1.2 each) and number of days (22.2 ± 13.1 v 20.2 ± 17.8) in CRHT respectively. There was no significant association of risk with gender (56.3% females and 44.2% of males), being on benefits or type of accommodation the service users live at. Similarly, there was no significant difference of risk of self-harm based on ethnicity; it was noted that 61.2% of patients of British White ethnicity had a risk of self on admission compared to 41.7% Black and ethnic minority patients. On admission, 89% of patients were categorised as red, amber 8% and 1% green; which changed to 18%, 2% and 77% respectively (missing data was not included, so percentages do not add up to 100%). The risk to self was present in 46% on admission and 18% on discharge (p<0.005); and in 14% this risk continued without change. The risk to others on admission was recorded in 12% which was at 1% on the point of discharge (p<0.05). Eight people had both risk to self and others. In 15 patients the risk continued to remain in red category, while in two patients it changed from amber to red.ConclusionsThe risk levels for patients admitted under the CRHT improved. The majority with overall high risk changed to majority presenting as low risk on discharge. The percentage of patients portraying a risk to self and others also decreased from admission to discharge. Although there was considerable decrease in risk, a proportion of patients did not have any change, or even an increase in their risk, which highlights need for additional risk management strategy for these patients in CRHT.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Phycian assisted suicide: A Swiss perspective - a liberal view
Authors: Stoppe G. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Switzerland is a country in which the liberal tradition is cultivated and every citizen’s free decision is honoured. Associations such as EXIT or Dignitas, which advocate the right to self-determined death, were formed here early on. They see themselves as completing the Age of Enlightenment, where the end result is an individually self-determined death. The Swiss federal government is therefore reluctant to define criminal offences. However, it is regulated that active euthanasia is prohibited. The organisations mentioned are also not allowed to act for their own benefit.Meanwhile, the number of assisted suicides is higher than the number of suicides. The extent to which the one phenomenon is related to the other is open to debate.The topic is controversial among the general public and the medical profession. Nevertheless, the Swiss Academy of Medical Science has published guidelines on dealing with dying and death, which also deal with physician-assisted suicide.Various associations, including the umbrella organisation for suicide prevention in Switzerland, Ipsilon, are in favour of special protection for vulnerable groups. Some of them also recommend that civil law provisions be made for the process of assisted suicide.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Assessing the Impact of the Different Psychiatric Disorders on the Profiles of Psychiatric Hospitalization: A descriptive study in a Greek Hospital
Authors: Porfyri G. N. , Papadopoulou P. , Karakasi M. V. , Vlachaki A. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionThe prevalence of psychiatric re-admission ranges from 15% to 60%, escalating even more in the first year after admission, affecting the patients’ quality of life. Furthermore, the diagnosis of psychotic or affective disorders represents a risk factor of psychiatric re-admission, highlighting the diagnosis impact to the “profile” of psychiatric hospitalization.ObjectivesTo compare the different “Hospitalization Profiles” in association to the patients’ diagnostic categories.MethodsOverall, 1,633 records of psychiatry inpatients were examined retrospectively throughout the 10-year records of the Psychiatry Department of Papanikolaou General Hospital in northern Greece. The research was conducted between 2013 and August 2023. The sample was divided into subgroups according to gender, diagnoses - according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10)-, and year of hospitalization. A bivariate analysis was performed to examine relationships between the variables: (a.) place of residence; (b.) age; (c.) type of admission; (c.) hospitalization duration; (d.) number of lifetime hospitalizations; (e.) lifetime prosecutor’s orders for coercive examination; (f.) lifetime suicide attempts.Results
Developmental disorders (F80-89) stood for the youngest average age of hospitalization (26 years) and lowest average hospitalization duration (7 days). Neurodegenerative disorders (F00-09) represented the diagnostic category with the oldest mean age of hospitalization (66 years). Intellectual disorders (F70-79) yielded the longest average hospitalization duration (21 days). Patients with intellectual disorders were found to be facing homelessness at a higher rate (4.76%) than patients of any other diagnostic entity (p=0.096). Psychotic and substance use disorder patients obtained equivalently (p=0.18) the highest rates of coercive hospitalizations (63% and 71%, respectively); compared to other diagnostic categories (p=0.0008). Dual diagnosis and anxiety disorders projected equivalently (p=0.9) the highest rate of premature voluntary discharge (6.9% and 6.4%, respectively). Dual diagnosis, personality disorders, and affective disorders also recorded the highest rates of suicidality (11-15%; with no significant statistical difference among the three diagnostic entities p>0.1) among hospitalized patients of all diagnostic categories (p<0.05).Conclusions
Interestingly, the study’s results reveal the pathologies of the Greek society, with the most representative example being this of patients suffering from intellectual disorders simultaneously presenting the highest risk of homelessness. Further studies are needed, focusing on the sub-populations of psychiatric patients as well as their status in terms of social security, health care providing, quality of life and life expectancy.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Use of long-acting treatments in adult social care. Experience of an Acute Inpatient Mental Health Unit
Authors: Rodríguez Gómez-Carreño C. , Sarrió Yuste A. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionIn recents years, the number of social exclusion patients who go to the emergency room for psychiatric evaluation, has increased significantly. This fact may be due to the circumstances associated with migration: economic problems, house searching, moving away from the family origin,… These situations can cause stress before, during and after adaptation, which is a risk factor for presenting psychotic symptoms.ObjectivesThe objective of this study is present another alternative treatment for adults with social exclusion with psychotic symptoms or Psychotic Disorder. Presenting through a case of Acute Inpatient Mental Health Unit.MethodsA 25 year old men was referred to the emergency deparment due to an episode of agitation. As relevant psychiatric history, a previous admission to psychiatry’s hospitalitation with a diagnosis of Schizophrenia. Upon discharge, the patient has not been followed up in Mental Health, although he has gone to the emergency room on several ocassions where ir is reflected that no psychotic decompensation has been observed. He emigrated to Spain two years ago, since then he has been homeless, working intermittenly in agriculture.At our assessment, after having ruled out consumption of toxic substances, the patient presented a neglected and cachetic appearance. He says that he is worried because some people can not see him and others can.We admit the patient for study and treatment. Involuntary admission.ResultsDuring the hospitalitation, a join approach was carried out with Social Work and it was decided to start depot treatment in order to promote therapeutic adherence. In this case, it was decided to apply paliperidone depot every sin month. For this, an induction regimen was followed: fisrt, monthly paliperdione 100mg depot was administered, 4 days later, monthly paliperidone 150mg depot and 4 days later, the biannual injection.Other depot treatment alternatives would have been aripripazole or risperidone. However, the duration of the depot treatment is shorter than in the case of paliperidone, since today the presentation formulas are monthly and quarterly, respectively.Conclusions
Long-acting antipsychotics are an effective alternative for the treatment of patients with Schizophrenia, especially for those in whom we can not ensure good therapeutic adherence. In addition, the induction regimen allows treatment to be administered more quickly than that carried out in Mental Health outpatient programs, thus reducing the average hospital stay.In recent years, great advances have been made in the treatment of psychotic symptoms thanks to depot drugs, which allows for numerous effective alternatives for the treatment of these patients. The figure of the Social Worker for the evaluation of the patient and subsequent follow-up is essential in this case.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
A patient`s trajectory with autism spectrum disorder leading to forensic psychiatric institutionalisation
Authors: Déri J. A. , Dvorak A. , Oberndorfer R. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionAutism-spectrum-disorder (ASD) is a heterogenous neurodevelopmental condition with a wide range of symptoms. Typical deficits, such as impairment in social communication and interactions, can lead to violent behaviours. However, ASD is often underdiagnosed and little is known about patients with ASD in forensic institutions.ObjectivesTo highlight the diagnostic challenges and offending behaviour of people with ASD in the context of the criminal justice system (CJS) through a case report.MethodsThe case report is based on exploration, third party anamnesis, medical documentations and court filesResults
A 25-year-old man was placed in detention in 2021 after having committed a dangerous threat to unknown persons and was considered not guilty by reason of insanity. Since early childhood the patient presented with extreme mood swings and impulsive-aggressive outbursts that led to criminal mischief later on. During elementary school he developed concentration problems as well as specific learning deficits. Due to his deviant social behaviour, he was rejected from his peer group. Over the course of the years, he showed no significant responses to different psychopharmacological treatment approaches. His social anxiety grew and ultimately, he started experimenting with various drugs and drinking excessive amounts of alcohol, which induced multiple psychotic episodes. Due to the psychotic exacerbations, he was repeatedly admitted to psychiatric units for acute treatment, however the autistic disorder remained untreated. At the time of the crime an independent psychiatric assessor diagnosed schizophrenia simplex and multiple drug abuse. The patient had been in psychiatric treatment since the age of 5 and received multiple diagnoses such as combined personality disorder, different subtypes of schizophrenia, ADHD, Tourette syndrome, depressive disorder and ASD at the age of 14. Nevertheless, prior to his detention he had never received a complex therapy focusing on his ASD. According to the verdict he was admitted to a medium secure forensic ward in Lower Austria, where he was treated with antipsychotic and anxiolytic medication. Furthermore, he participated in the day-structuring treatment program ensuring routine.Conclusions
Neurodevelopmental disorders such as ASD often impose a diagnostic challenge, particularly without intellectual disability. This can lead to under- and misdiagnosis, inadequate treatment or even criminal behaviour. Impaired theory of mind, poor emotional regulation and problems with moral reasoning should be recognized and treated specifically early on to prevent further damage to both the individual and society.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
The results of Wisconsin Card Sorting Test in patients under forensic observation of their mental states in violent and non-violent subgroups
Authors: Kőszegi N. , Lisincki A. , Baran B. , Jekkel É. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionPrevious studies showed, that reduced executive function can be associated with antisocial and aggressive behavior. For the measurement of executive functions numerous standardized neuropsychological tests are available.ObjectivesWe thought to compare the results of an executive function examination with Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) of patients observed at the Semmelweis University’s Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy to normative data from published database. We also performed a subgroup analysis between the violent and non-violent groups of the patients.MethodsAfter data clearance our dataset consisted of 20 patients, who were divided into two groups based on whether the crime they committed before their admission was violent according to the Cornell scale.The analyzed parameters were the number of perseverative errors, the percentage of perseverative errors, and the number of completed categories. For comparison, the data bank from the 1993 edition of the WCST manual as normative data was used. The deviation from the healthy average for all three parameters was compared between the violent and non-violent groups using a two-sample T-test.ResultsThere was significant difference between the patient and normal populations in all the 3 analyzed WCST parameters: the mean difference was 9,37+2,764, (p=0,0008) in the number of perseverative errors, 14,04+2,21 (p<0,0001) in the percentage of perseverative errors and -2,39+0,34 (p<0,0001) in the number of completed categories (Table 1).
Table 1:The difference between the average scores of healthy individuals grouped by age (from the 1993 WCST manual) and the scores of the patients.
Observed parameter
Average difference(Patient-normal)
SD
Confidence interval (95%)P valuenumber of completed categories-2,390,343-3,064 ─ 1,716<0,0001number of perseverative errors9,372,7643,936 ─ 14,8040,0008percentage of perseverative errors14,042,2129,692─18,388<0,0001On the other hand, there were no significant differences between the violent and non-violent subgroups in the average deviations (from the normative data) of the number of perseverative errors, the percentage of perseverative errors and the number of completed categories (with p-values of 0.092, 0.34 and 0.59, respectively).ConclusionsAs a limitation, it is important to note that due to the low sample size, and our sample’s heterogeneity in terms of psychiatric diagnosis, drawing reliable conclusions is not possible. However, our results were in line with previous similar research in the forensic psychiatric population (though not under forensic mental state observation) regarding the significant deviations in two examined WCST parameters when compared to normative data. Additionally our study did not find significant difference between the violent and non-violent subgroups of the patients.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared