bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic observation of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity levels in Australian natural blue space locations
Authors: White Rhiannon Lee , Taylor Nicole , Dudley Dean , Cotton Wayne , Peralta Louisa , Young Carmen , Nguyen and Tatiana 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Research has shown that blue space (i.e. water-based environments) can be good for physical and mental health, with one possible reason being that people are physically active when visiting blue space environments. However, little is known about how active people are when visiting blue space. We used the System for Observing Physical Activity and Recreation in Natural Areas to systematically record whether people were active while visiting eight different blue space locations in Australia. We first calculated the proportion of people who were moderately or vigorously active at each location and then conducted a series of linear regression models to determine which demographic and environmental factors predicted higher activity levels. We identified that 44% of people visiting blue space locations were active. However, there were significant interactions between both age and gender, and type of blue space. Males (β = −0.25, p = 0.018) and females (β = −0.26, p ≤ 0.001) were less active at built-up riverfronts than coastal beaches. Females were also less active at inland beaches (β = −0.15, p = 0.013) and watering holes (β = −0.20, p = 0.011) compared with coastal beaches. Children (β = 0.16, p = 0.006) and adolescents, however, were more active at inland beaches (β = 0.32, p ≤ 0.001) than coastal beaches. These results are important to consider when making decisions around access to, and infrastructure within, blue space environments, as different blue space environments influence human behaviour differently for different people.
Key factors in complex public health interventions to address vaccine hesitancy using a multidisciplinary approach: the VAX-TRUST project
Authors: Ferrara Maria , Langiano Elisa , Esposito Maurizio , Lo Moro Giuseppina , Lombardi Rosalia , Vuolanto Pia , De Vito Elisabetta 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The VAX-TRUST project addresses vaccine hesitancy in seven European countries with a systematic and evidence-based approach. Interventions, targeting healthcare professionals, draw from behavioural and social theories. A checklist, inspired by the TIDieR (Template for Intervention Description and Replication), ensures a detailed description of actions, transparency and replicability. The intervention development process begins with collaborative meetings and systematic revisions, concluding with external evaluations for replicability in diverse public health contexts. This study aims to provide valuable insights for future complex interventions in public health, based on lessons learnt to reduce the risk of vaccine-preventable diseases. The analysis of educational interventions within the VAX-TRUST project has led to the definition of precise guidelines to ensure their replicability and adaptation to various contexts, attempting to establish a universally applicable approach. Active participant engagement and consideration of local social dynamics, beyond information transmission, have emerged as key factors to improve intervention effectiveness. Various educational tools and collaboration with academic institutions have contributed to strengthening credibility.
Tofacitinib Does Not Impair Sperm Quality in Men With Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Grosen Anne , Bellaguarda Emanuelle , Liljeqvist-Soltic Ingela , Skytte Anne-Bine , Hanauer Stephen B , Kelsen Jens 
Published: August 2024

Lay Summary
We demonstrate that tofacitinib does not adversely affect semen quality or sex hormones in male patients. These first postmarketing data for tofacitinib and semen quality are reassuring. Our study raises no safety concerns, though larger studies are needed to confirm our findings.
Rhizobacterial diversity of Portuguese olive cultivars in the Douro valley and their potential as plant growth promoters
Authors: Sierra-Garcia Isabel N , Ferreira Maria J , Granada Camille E , Patinha Carla , Cunha Ângela 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Aims
This study investigated the bacterial communities in the rhizosphere of two traditional Portuguese olive cultivars, Cobrançosa and Negrinha de Freixo, in relation to soil properties. Additionally, we aimed to isolate and identify bacteria with potential for biocontrol and other plant growth-promoting traits from these rhizosphere communities.

Methods and results
Bacterial communities in the olive rhizosphere were investigated using a metabarcoding approach and the soil physicochemical properties of the olive groves were also analyzed. Higher bacterial richness was associated with Negrinha de Freixo growing in soil with high organic matter content and water-holding capacity. In contrast, the soils of the Cobrançosa grove presented higher pH and electric conductivity. Negrinha de Freixo rhizosphere was enriched with ASVs (Amplicon Sequence Variants) belonging to Bacillus, Gaiella, Acidothermus, Bradyrhizobium, and uncultured Xanthobacteraceae. On the other hand, the Cobrançosa rhizosphere was characterized by higher relative abundance of Streptomyces and Sphingomonas. Bacterial isolation from the rhizosphere and screening for plant growth-promoting activities were also performed. Six bacteria strains, predominantly Bacillus isolated from Negrinha de Freixo, demonstrated antagonistic activities against the olive fungal pathogen Colletotrichum gloeosporoides and other plant growth promotion (PGP) traits.

Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate that the structure of rhizosphere bacterial communities associated with olive trees is shaped by both plant cultivar and soil-related factors. The higher number of bacterial species in the rhizosphere of Negrinha de Freixo was related to a higher organic matter content and a greater abundance of isolates with plant growth promotion traits, particularly Bacillus strains.
Generating colloquial radiology reports with large language models
Authors: Tang Cynthia Crystal , Nagesh Supriya , Fussell David A , Glavis-Bloom Justin , Mishra Nina , Li Charles , Cortes Gillean , Hill Robert , Zhao Jasmine , Gordon Angellica , Wright Joshua , Troutt Hayden , Tarrago Rod , Chow Daniel S 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Patients are increasingly being given direct access to their medical records. However, radiology reports are written for clinicians and typically contain medical jargon, which can be confusing. One solution is for radiologists to provide a “colloquial” version that is accessible to the layperson. Because manually generating these colloquial translations would represent a significant burden for radiologists, a way to automatically produce accurate, accessible patient-facing reports is desired. We propose a novel method to produce colloquial translations of radiology reports by providing specialized prompts to a large language model (LLM).

Materials and Methods
Our method automatically extracts and defines medical terms and includes their definitions in the LLM prompt. Using our method and a naive strategy, translations were generated at 4 different reading levels for 100 de-identified neuroradiology reports from an academic medical center. Translations were evaluated by a panel of radiologists for accuracy, likability, harm potential, and readability.

Results
Our approach translated the Findings and Impression sections at the 8th-grade level with accuracies of 88% and 93%, respectively. Across all grade levels, our approach was 20% more accurate than the baseline method. Overall, translations were more readable than the original reports, as evaluated using standard readability indices.

Conclusion
We find that our translations at the eighth-grade level strike an optimal balance between accuracy and readability. Notably, this corresponds to nationally recognized recommendations for patient-facing health communication. We believe that using this approach to draft patient-accessible reports will benefit patients without significantly increasing the burden on radiologists.
Effects of sinusoidal wall temperature on thermal dynamics and irreversibility around an inclined plate embedded in a square cavity
Authors: Khan Zafar Hayat , Hamid Mohammad , Khan Waqar Ahmed , Ahmad Rashid , Jie Liu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Effective thermal and flow control within complex geometries is essential for engineering applications. In this study, an in-depth examination of flow dynamics, entropy, and thermal regulation is undertaken within a square cavity featuring sinusoidal wall temperature. To introduce complexity, an inclined plate obstacle is strategically positioned within the cavity with an inclination angle of 45°, and the investigation spans three distinct scenarios: adiabatic, cold, and hot conditions. The initial physical model is developed by formulating a system of partial differential equations, which are then transformed into a dimensionless representation using relevant variables. Subsequently, the Galerkin method is employed for approximated analysis of the simplified fluid flow model, and the computational code is verified in tabular format. The embedded physical parameters are constrained to specific numerical values to ensure the convergence of the physical model in each scenario. The physical characteristics of isotherms, streamlines, Nusselt numbers, entropy, and Bejan numbers are investigated. Notably, the results demonstrate that the introduction of a cold inclined plate leads to peak values in generating the entropy and average heat transfer rates. When comparing the cold inclined plate to the heated inclined plate, an increase of approximately 20% in the average heat transfer rate and a 15% rise in the entropy generation rate was found for the cold inclined plate. Furthermore, the Bejan number showed a 10% decrease for the cold inclined plate compared to the heated inclined plate. Additionally, increasing the amplitude and wavenumber led to a rise in average heat transfer and entropy generation rates, with 25% and 30% increases, respectively.
Human Rights in Scottish Foreign Policy: Constructing Scotland as a Good Global Citizen
Authors: Mills Kurt , Birdsall Andrea 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
While foreign policy is a reserved matter for the British government in Westminster, it is clear that the Scottish government aspires to, and indeed has implemented, an expanding programme of independent external relations. It is not the first sub-state political actor to do so. Whether as a part of the UK, or as potentially an independent country, Scotland has put considerable effort into developing an identity as a good global citizen. One area in particular where this has occurred is in human rights, where it has demonstrated leadership on a number of issues and sought to connect its domestic commitments to human rights to its external persona. This article will examine the dynamics of this development, looking at both the constraints and the possibilities for Scotland as an international human rights actor.
First report of Phthorimaea absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in Korea
Authors: Lee Min Hyeuk , Jeong Dagyeong , Lee Gwan-Seok , Paik Chaehun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The South American tomato pinworm, Phthorimaea absoluta Meyrick, 1917 (= Tuta absoluta), a significant pest of solanaceous crops globally, has been detected for the first time in Jeonbuk Province, Korea. It caused damage to commercial tomatoes, particularly in organic farms that do not use chemical pesticides. Additionally, damage was found on Solanum nigrum L., a common wild plant in Korea, emphasizing its potential to sustain populations even in the absence of cultivated hosts. Our research underscores the urgency of conducting further research and developing effective management strategies to mitigate its spread and damage.
A mountain pine beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) adult development rate model confirms evolved geographic differences
Authors: Wangen Catherine E , Powell James A , Bentz Barbara J 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Insects live in a wide range of thermal environments and have evolved species- and location-specific physiological processes for survival in hot and cold extremes. Thermally driven dormancy strategies, development rates and thresholds are important for synchronizing cohorts within a population and to local climates and often vary among populations within a species. Mountain pine beetle (MPB), Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae), is a widely distributed forest insect native to North America with clinal genetic differentiation in thermally dependent traits. MPB development occurs in Pinus phloem beneath the bark, and its cryptic habitat makes experimentation difficult, particularly for the adult stage. We describe a novel method for modeling MPB adult development following pupation and terminating in emergence from a brood tree. We focus on an Arizona (southern) MPB population with previously described preadult development rates. Field-observed tree attack, adult emergence, and phloem temperature data are combined in a parameterized cohort model and candidate rate curves are evaluated to describe adult emergence timing. Model competition indicates that the Brière rate curve provided the best fit to field data and performed well under cross-validation. Results confirm that the development of Arizona MPB adults is slower than the previously described development rate of more northern Utah adults. Using the estimated adult rate curve in a scenario of increasing mean temperatures, we show that the timing of second-generation adult emergence in the same year would result in cold-intolerant lifestages during winter, limiting the success of bivoltine populations.
Hepatitis B virus reactivation risk associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors in tumor treatment: a retrospective study
Authors: Yin Yue , Liu Bao Jiang , Zhang Yan Hua , Qiu Xin Ye 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation is a recognized complication of cytotoxic chemotherapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B. However, the risk of HBV reactivation with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) remains uncertain due to their exclusion from clinical trials. This study aimed to assess the incidence of HBV reactivation in patients with cancer undergoing ICI therapy, exploring associated risk factors.

Methods
This retrospective study included patients with cancer who tested positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). The primary endpoint was incidence of HBV reactivation, whereas the secondary endpoint was occurrence of hepatic adverse events during ICI therapy.

Results
Among the 162 eligible patients (median age 59 years; 85.8% men), HBV reactivation occurred in 4.3% at a median of 13 weeks post-treatment initiation. At baseline, HBV DNA was undetectable in 78 patients; 88 received antiviral prophylaxis, while 74 patients did not. Reactivation rates were 3.5% in HBsAg-positive and 10% in hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb)-positive individuals, with an overall rate of 4.3%. These rates were 1.1% with prophylaxis and 8.1% without. Twenty-two patients had grade 3–4 hepatitis, and 25 tested HBsAg-negative but HBcAb-positive. No HBV-related fatalities occurred. The absence of antiviral treatment was a significant risk factor for HBV reactivation.

Conclusions
Our study underscores the risk of HBV reactivation in patients with cancer undergoing ICI therapy, especially among those lacking antiviral prophylaxis. Regular HBV DNA testing and antiviral prophylaxis are crucial preventive measures for HBV reactivation. These findings emphasize the importance of monitoring HBV status in patients receiving ICIs.
Clinical outcomes and prognostic factors in metastatic nonclear cell renal cell carcinoma treated with immuno-oncology combination therapy
Authors: Toyoda Shingo , Fukuokaya Wataru , Mori Keiichiro , Kawada Tatsushi , Katayama Satoshi , Nishimura Shingo , Maenosono Ryoichi , Tsujino Takuya , Adachi Takahiro , Hirasawa Yosuke , Saruta Masanobu , Komura Kazumasa , Nukaya Takuhisa , Yanagisawa Takafumi , Takahara Kiyoshi , Hashimoto Takeshi , Azuma Haruhito , Ohno Yoshio , Shiroki Ryoichi , Araki Motoo , Kimura Takahiro , Fujita Kazutoshi ,   JK-FOOT study group
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Metastatic nonclear cell renal cell carcinoma (nccRCC) is a heterogeneous disease with poor prognosis. The clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of immuno-oncology (IO) combination therapy for nccRCC are not well known. This study analyzed patients with metastatic nccRCC treated with IO combination therapy.

Methods
We retrospectively collected data from 447 patients with metastatic RCC treated with IO-based combination therapy as first-line treatment between September 2018 and July 2023 in a Japanese multicenter study. The primary endpoints were objective response rate, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS), comparing groups treated with IO-IO and IO-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapies.

Results
Seventy-five patients with metastatic nccRCC were eligible for analysis: 39 were classified into the IO-IO group and 36 into the IO-TKI group. Median PFS was 5.4 months (95% CI: 1.6–9.1) for the IO-IO group and 5.6 (95% CI: 3.4–12.0) for the IO + TKI group. Median OS was 24.2 months (95% CI: 7.5–NA) for the IO-IO group and 23.4 (95% CI: 18.8–NA) for the IO + TKI group, with no significant difference. In univariate analysis, International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium scores, Karnofsky performance status, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and the presence of liver metastases were significantly associated with OS, whereas in multivariate analysis, only the presence of liver metastases was significantly associated with OS (P = .035).

Conclusions
There was no significant difference in OS or PFS between IO-IO and IO-TKI combination therapy as first-line treatment for patients with nccRCC. Liver metastasis is a poor prognostic factor for such patients.
Planting environment affects effectiveness of genotype diversity in increasing biomass and yield of a spring wheat mixture
Authors: Zhang Cong , Du Yanlei , Yang Tong , Schöb Christian , Li Fengmin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Genotype diversity is an important component of biodiversity, and has potential positive effects on ecological processes, such as primary productivity. Recent studies suggest that crop cultivar mixtures can improve biomass or yield, however, the generality and size of this effect, as well as the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We selected nine genotypes of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and tested monocultures (of one genotype) and mixtures (of nine genotypes) to verify whether the positive effect of genotype diversity could be observed. Meanwhile, we arranged two planting environments, real field and artificial pot conditions, to clarify how the effect of genotype diversity depends on environmental conditions. Results showed that the effect of genotype diversity was highly dependent on the planting environment; compared with monocultures, mixtures significantly improved aboveground biomass and grain yield of spring wheat in pots by 14.5% and 8.2%, respectively, while no improvements were observed in the field. In pots, positive complementarity effects dominated the positive net effect by offsetting negative sampling effects, while no significant diversity effects were observed in the field. The greater trait differences in pots were more favorable for resource-use complementarity and reducing intraspecific competition, which might be the main reason for the large positive complementary effect in pots. Our results suggest that increasing the biomass and grain yield of spring wheat by providing genotypic diversity was supported by specific ecological mechanisms and could be achievable. However, environmental conditions in actual production may limit its efficacy, and more extensive field experiments are thus needed to verify the effectiveness of genotype diversity.
Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.: a review of its phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology
Authors: Kong Qinghe , Niu Yingshuo , Feng Hao , Yu Xiaofei , Wang Bingkang , Liu Xue , Chen Yueru , Wang Fulin , Tian Jingzhen , Zhou Honglei 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Conioselinum anthriscoides (H. Boissieu) Pimenov & Kljuykov, also known as Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. is a perennial Umbelliferae herb, whose dried rhizome commonly called Chuanxiong Rhizoma. Chuanxiong Rhizoma is widely used in TCM, especially for cardiocerebrovascular and gynecological diseases. However, these studies are scattered and there is no review that can centralize the results of these studies. The authors summarized this review by collecting research results on the chemical, pharmacological, and toxicological of Chuanxiong Rhizoma published in various publications over the past 20 years.

Aims
The purpose of this review is to summarize the current experimental studies on Chuanxiong Rhizoma and explore its mechanism of action.

Methods
Web of Science, PubMed, CBM, CNKI, Medline, Embase, Elsevier, Springer, Wiley Online Library, Scholar, and other databases were searched, and nearly one hundred experimental studies were collected to summarize this review.

Results and Discussion
Chuanxiong Rhizoma is composed of essential oil, terpenes, alkaloids, polysaccharide, organic acids, ceramides, and cerebrosides. It has the functions of promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, antibacterial, antiviral, and calming the mind to sleep. Now it can be used to treat cardiocerebrovascular and gynecological diseases, neurodegenerative disease, psoriasis, rectal cancer, osteoporosis, and osteoarthritis.

Conclusions
In the past 20 years, a large number of research data have confirmed that Chuanxiong Rhizoma contains rich effective metabolites, has huge medicinal potential, and has a wide range of effective treatments.
Same, yet different: towards understanding nutrient use in hemp- and drug-type Cannabis
Authors: Wee Y Benjamin , Berkowitz Oliver , Whelan James , Jost Ricarda 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Cannabis sativa L., one of the oldest cultivated crops, has a complex domestication history due to its diverse uses for fibre, seed, oil, and drugs, and its wide geographic distribution. This review explores how human selection has shaped the biology of hemp and drug-type Cannabis, focusing on acquisition and utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus, and how resulting changes in source–sink relations shape their contrasting phenology. Hemp has been optimized for rapid, slender growth and nutrient efficiency, whereas drug-type cultivars have been selected for compact growth with large phytocannabinoid-producing female inflorescences. Understanding these nutrient use and ontogenetic differences will enhance our general understanding of resource allocation in plants. Knowledge gained in comparison with other model species, such as tomato, rice, or Arabidopsis can help inform crop improvement and sustainability in the cannabis industry.