bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MUSCULOSKELETAL TESTING OF ORIENTEERS DURING PRE-PARTICIPATION EVALUATION AND ASSOCIATIONS WITH LIMB DOMINANCE AND INJURY HISTORY
Authors: Linton L , Laura C , Tessa S 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundLimb dominance has often been associated with injury, but there is very little evidence for this in the literature for elite runners.ObjectiveTo test for differences in strength, flexibility and function between dominant and non-dominant sides of elite orienteers, to determine a relationship with injury history, and establish a correlation between test results.DesignA standardized PPE of 45 tests customized to the specifics of middle distance runners was used to assess all variables.SettingEdinburgh University, Fitness Assessment Sports Injury Clinic.Participants All 17 National Level Orienteers participating in a High Performance program at Edinburgh University during 2011–12 were selected. All were well matched for age, training and competitive level.InterventionsTesting took place pre-season. Subjects were assessed by their regular physiotherapist for limb dominance and injury history. The main researcher was blinded to this information and undertook the PPE testing.Main outcome measurementsMuscle power was tested with HHD, flexibility using a goniometer, knee valgus angles using video analysis, core strength using pressure biofeedback.ResultsNon-dominant legs had significantly (P<.01) greater knee valgus angle measured during single knee bend. Subjects had significantly increased thoracic spine rotation on the side they held their map whilst running. There was no relationship between retrospective injury history and limb dominance. In both dominant and non-dominant sides there were equally strong correlations (P<.01) with functional tests, lower limb, hip, abdominal, and glut strength, and quadriceps and hip flexor flexibility.ConclusionsFew tests showed a relationship with dominant or non-dominant legs. Data collected on specific tests showed associations that were similar on both sides indicating the bilateral nature of running but also the relationship between trunk muscles and the lower limb. Future study in this area should focus on whether interventions addressing these areas show improvement in function and reduction of injuries.
THROWING SPORT IMPROVES SHOULDER PROPRIOCEPTION
Authors: Lubiatowski P , Kaczmarek P , Ogrodowicz P , Dudzinski P , Romanowski L 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundProprioception is a specialized variation of the sensory modality of touch that includes the sensation of joint motion and joint position. It is an essential part of shoulder stability and neuromuscular control. It is controversial whether throwing sports and sports training effects shoulder proprioception.ObjectiveTo analyse the shoulder proprioceptive abilities of professional handball players.DesignProspective study with control group and descriptive analysis.SettingElite division handball players.Participants70 professional handball players from top national league and 25 healthy volunteers as control.InterventionsShoulder proprioception was evaluated by measuring error of active reproduction of joint position (EARJP). Own construction electronic goniometer (Propriometer) with accuracy of 0,1owas used for measurements. Both dominant and non-dominant shoulders were evaluated. EARJP was measured in 4 directions and 3 positions for each direction: flexion and abduction (60o, 90o, 120o), external and internal rotation (30o, 45o, 60o). Three repetitions for each position were performed to obtain an average EARJP for every subject and position.ResultsBased on statistical analysis there was significantly better proprioceptive control (lower EARJP) in throwing versus non throwing and throwing versus control group shoulder. No difference in proprioception when comparing dominant and non-dominant shoulders in control group. Higher reference angles correlated with better proprioception. Increased external rotation correlated with better shoulder control in mid range of external rotation.ConclusionsThrowing sport affects neuromuscular shoulder control. Handball players show significantly better proprioceptive abilities when compared to control normal population. Throwing shoulder has better neuromuscular control then the opposite one.
FACTORS ASSOCIATED TO PATELLAR TENDINOSIS IN ATHLETES: PROVIDING A BASE FOR INJURY MECHANISM AND PREVENTION
Authors: Mendonça L , Fonseca S , Bittencourt N , Ocarino J , Gonçalves G , Verhagen E 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundPatellar tendon abnormalities (PTA) are frequent in volleyball and basketball athletes. Tendon degeneration happens through chronic process, related to the amount of stress applied in musculoskeletal system. An appropriated mechanical behaviour of lower limb may be key factor to properly distribute forces in patellar tendon during landing. Identify biomechanical factors associated to patellar tendinosis process could guide preventive attitudes to athletes in risk of chronic dysfunction and/or tendon rupture.ObjectiveTo investigate the association of lower limb biomechanical factors to patellar tendon morphological abnormalities at ultrasound.DesignCross-sectional.SettingInstitutional clinical care and sports facility.Participants35 basketball and volleyball athletes participating on preseason assessment with mean age of 24.0±5.7 years, body mass of 88.9±13.3 kg and height of 1.9±0.1 m.Risk factor assessmentAnkle dorsiflexion range (ADR), shank-forefoot alignment (SFA), iliotibial band flexibility (IBF), hip lateral rotators and abductors isometric strength, hip passive medial rotation range, patellar rotation and knee alignment in the frontal plane were measured during preseason assessment. Ultrasonographic evaluation was performed in both patellar tendons in longitudinal and transverse planes.Main outcome measurementsPatellar tendon hypoechoic areas and thickness at ultrasound.ResultsThe results showed that low ADR, high IBF and high SFA were associated to PTA. These three variables presented significant areas under ROC curve (P=.008; P=.011; P=.012, respectively). Based on ROC curve sensitivity and specificity values, cut-off points were determined. SFA presented the highest OR; 13.1 (2.1–296); with a cut-off point of 20o. ADR (cut-off point=36o) presented an OR of 4.10 (1.3–13.5) and IBF (cut-off point=-0.04o) presented an OR of 4.53 (1.2–21.6).ConclusionsHigh shank-forefoot varus alignment, ankle dorsiflexion restriction and iliotibial band flexible were associated to PTA. These results show that biomechanical factors could participate on patellar tendon mechanical overload in athletes.
THE EFFECT OF A SIX WEEK ECCENTRIC HAMSTRING STRENGTHENING PROTOCOL ON ANTERIOR TIBIO-FEMORAL TRANSLATION
Authors: Mias E , Starrs P 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundThe anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the main source of anterior knee joint stability and excessive anterior tibio-femoral translation (ATFT) (>5mm) can be a risk factor for ACL injury (Alentorn-Geliet al, 2009). The dynamic role the hamstring muscle group plays in protecting the ACL is important in functional knee joint stability as they work eccentrically to control ATFT.ObjectivesThe primary aim was to assess whether ATFT alters in male Rugby Union players following a 6 week eccentric hamstring strengthening programme.DesignPlayers were randomly allocated to either the hamstring intervention or control group.SettingsFylde Rugby Football Club's (Rugby Union) Senior squad selected (semi-professional level).Participants16 players (no drop-outs).InterventionATFT was measured objectively by the KT-1000 arthrometer before and after the game. Following the 6 week intervention, the ATFT was reassessed before and after the game.ResultsDecreases in ATFT values were observed between Pre and Post intervention (P<.001), however this was not statistically significant between groups (P≥.05).Main outcome measurementsATFT may not be a factor that can be positively influenced by an eccentric hamstring strengthening protocol. This supplies evidence that increasing hamstring tendon stiffness with the aim of preventing ACL injuries may not transfer into function which disputes findings from previous literature (Blackburn et al, 2013). Following a six week period however, ATFT statistically decreased in both groups regardless of limb dominancy or the amount of anterior tibio-femoral force applied which could suggest that it may only play a secondary role in preventing serious knee ligament injuries.ConclusionsIt might be more beneficial to work on other ACL intrinsic risk factors like neuromuscular training or biomechanical optimisation with an aim of reducing the incidence of severe knee injury in male Rugby Union.
IDENTIFICATION OF JUMPING ACTIVITY IN VOLLEYBALL BY USING ACCELEROMETER
Authors: Mok KM , Jarning JM , Hansen BH , Bahr R 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundIn volleyball, training and match exposure is a risk factor for developing patellar tendinopathy which is known as jumper's knee. The frequency of jumping is an indicator of the intensity of jumping activity in training and match. Accelerometer provides measure of time-variant vertical acceleration which can potentially be transformed to the frequency of jumping activity. However, the ability of identifying jumping activity from other volleyball specific activity is unknown.ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of using accelerometer to identify jumping activity from non-jumping activity in volleyball.DesignA methodological study.SettingSubjects performed 7 different volleyball specific activities including non-jumping (side stepping, diving and sprinting) and jumping (float serving, block jumping, jump serving and spike jumping). The time-variant vertical acceleration was recorded by a hip-worn accelerometer (ActiGraph GT3X+) with 100Hz sampling rate.ParticipantsMale elite volleyball players in national level (n=12).Risk factor assessmentNot applicable.Main outcome measurementsThe peak vertical acceleration of activities was extracted from the time-variant vertical acceleration data. One way ANOVA was run to assess whether the peak vertical acceleration differentiated by activity. Post-hoc analyses were carried out using pairwise comparisons with alpha (0.05) adjusted using the Bonferroni correction.ResultsNot all the peak vertical accelerations for jumping activities were significantly different from those for non-jumping activities (table 1). Moreover, the variation of peak vertical acceleration between subjects was large.Table 1.Results from ANOVA with post-hoc Bonferroni on peak vertical acceleration (g).Jumping activityFloat servingBlock jumpingJumping servingSpike jumpingNon-jumping activity Side stepingNSp<0.01p<0.01p<0.01 SprintingNSNSNSp<0.01 Divingp<0.01NSNSNSNS: No significant difference found.ConclusionsBased on the measure of peak vertical acceleration from accelerometer, the non-jumping and jumping activity in volleyball cannot be distinguished. An alternative approach is needed for applying accelerometers to measure the frequency of jumping in volleyball.
MORE THAN SEVENTY PERCENT OF SUMO WRESTLERS HAVE RADIOLOGICAL ABNORMALITIES IN THEIR CERVICAL SPINE
Authors: Nakagawa Y , Mukai S , Hattori Y , Nakamura T 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundSumo has long been a traditional sport in Japan, and recently is becoming a popular sport that is rapidly attracting enthusiasts abroad. With the aim of having the sport included in the Olympics, World Women's Sumo Championships as well as World Sumo Championship have also been held since 1999.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to examine the radiological changes in the cervical spine in freshman collegiate and high school sumo wrestlers and the relationship between the radiological changes and the cervical spine symptoms.DesignEpidemiology.SettingHigh school league and elite division.ParticipantsWe examined one hundred and sixteen freshman collegiate and 41 high school sumo wrestlers who belonged to the Japanese Sumo Federation. They were high level players.InterventionsThey underwent routine radiographic examination of their cervical spine and questionnaire of their cervical symptoms as a medical check.ResultsTheir mean height was 175.1 cm, weight was 113.9 kg, body mass index was 37.1 kg/m2, and sumo career was 8.5 years in college. High school sumo wrestlers were significantly smaller than collegiate ones in weight, BMI and sumo career. 14 high school wrestlers (34.1%) and 46 collegiate ones (39.7%) had some cervical symptoms. The correlation between the deformity of cervical spine and cervical syndrome was significant. Seventy-three percent showed disappearance in lordosis, 39% showed osteophyte formation (mainly C3/4), 6% showed disc space narrowing (mainly C5/6) and 54% showed narrowing in the cervical nerve root foramen (mainly C3/4).ConclusionComparing with our previous study, we concluded that the disappearance in lordosis and narrowing in the cervical nerve root foramen of C3/4 was due to the axial load they incurred in training during high school, and osteophyte formation and disc space narrowing of C5/6 occurred in training during collegiate and postgraduate in sumo wrestling.
THE SPORT HABIT DURING YOUNGER AGE MAY BRING GOOD EFFECT FOR LOCOMOTORY SYSTEM AND FUNCTION. —FROM PERIODIC MEDICAL CHECKUP ON FORMER JAPANESE OLYMPIAN AT 1964—
Authors: Nakajima K , Hosikawa A , Ito S , Morioka Y , Tawara N , Nakamura K , Okuwaki T , Kawahara T 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundIn Japan, which is always the top-ranked life expectancy in the world, the healthcare issues for elderly people transitions from internal; cancer, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease to motor system and function referred as “Locomotive syndrome”. It seems few reports about effects of sport habit in younger age on the locomotors and ability of the elderly. We have carried out medical checkup for the former Japanese Olympian at 1964 every four years since 1970.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is clarify characteristics about current locomotive conditions and functions of former elite athletes who had undoubtedly sport habit retrospectively.MethodsWe performed medical checkup for 119 (90 male and 29 female; mean age is 72.1 years old (M:72.6, F:70.4) former elite athletes who had participated Olympic Games in 1964 (Tokyo). And analyzed current sport habit, degree of osteoarthritis on knee and lumbar spine (L5/S1) by Kellgren-Laurence classification (K-L score), with or without symptom, bone mineral density (BMD) and T-score by DEXA.ResultsCurrently, in total 68.1% (M:70.0%, F:62.1%) of former elite athletes had carry on some sports activity over 1–2 times per week. The mean K-L score of lumbar spine and knee was 2.2 (M:2.1 F: 2.4), 1.6 (M:1.4, F:2.2), respectively. The rate of symptom existence about lumbar spine and knee was 31.9% (M:37.9%, F:30%), 42.9% (M:34.4%, F:69.0%), respectively. The whole body BMD and T-score was 1.18 103.6% (M:1.22 106.6%, F:1.04 94.4%).ConclusionsFormer elite athletes maintain sports activity even though over aged 70. Although they have mild degenerative changes on their locomotive organs, there are few complaints except female knee joint. In addition, they kept high BMD and T-score. The sport habit during younger age may bring good effect for elderly locomotors.
ORAL HEALTH AND IMPACT ON PERFORMANCE OF ATHLETES PARTICIPATING IN THE LONDON 2012 OLYMPIC GAMES
Authors: Needleman I , Ashley P , Petrie A , Fortune F , Turner W , Jones J , Niggli J , Engebretsen L , Budgett R , Donos N , Clough T , Porter S 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundOral health is important both for wellbeing and successful elite sporting performance. Reports from Olympic Games have found significant treatment needs; however, few studies have examined oral health directly.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate oral health, the determinants of oral health and the effect of oral health on wellbeing, training and performance of athletes participating in the London 2012 Games.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingDental clinic within the London 2012 Polyclinic.ParticipantsParticipating athletes able to understand the consent process. 302 athletes from 25 sports were recruited with data available for 278.InterventionsFollowing informed consent, a standardised history, comprehensive oral health clinical examination and questionnaire were conducted.Main outcome measuresOral health status, determinants of oral health, impact of oral health on wellbeing, training and performance.ResultsThe majority of athletes were from Africa, the Americas and Europe. Overall, the results demonstrated high levels of poor oral health including dental caries (55% of athletes), dental erosion (45% athletes) and periodontal disease (gingivitis 76% athletes, periodontitis 15% athletes). More than 40% of athletes were ‘bothered’ by their oral health with 28% reporting an impact on quality of life and 18% on training and performance. Nearly half of participants had not attended for a dental examination or hygiene care in the previous year.ConclusionsThe oral health of athletes attending the dental clinic of the London 2012 Games was poor with a resulting substantial negative impact on wellbeing, training and performance. As oral health is an important element of overall health and wellbeing, health promotion and disease prevention interventions are urgently required to optimise athletic performance.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF TEAM BALL SPORT INJURY PREVENTION EXERCISE PROGRAMMES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW EMPLOYING THE RE-AIM FRAMEWORK
Authors: O'Brien J , Finch CF 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundRecent published studies on injury prevention exercise programmes (IPEPs) in team ball sports support the protective effect of these interventions, but also highlight that achieving adequate compliance is challenging. A key process in enhancing the ultimate impact of team ball sport IPEPs is identifying the specific implementation components which influence their adoption, execution and maintenance.ObjectivesTo assess the reporting of specific implementation components in team ball sport IPEP trials, against the components of the Reach Efficacy Adoption Implementation Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework. To evaluate the applicability of the RE-AIM framework to reviewing published literature in this context.Methods6 electronic databases were systematically searched from inception to December 2012 for papers reporting team ball sport IPEP trials. All eligible papers were evaluated for the reporting of individual RE-AIM components using the RE-AIM Model Dimension Items Checklist (RE-AIM MDIC). The level of agreement and the process of reaching consensus between reviewers were recorded.ResultsA total of 60 papers, reporting 52 unique intervention trials, met eligibility criteria. On average, the individual RE-AIM items were reported in 22% of the 52 trials (range 0–100%). The RE-AIM MDIC dimension of Efficacy had the highest mean percentage (58%) level of reporting across trials. The lowest mean percentages (range 0–7%) were for the RE-AIM MDIC dimensions related to Adoption and Maintenance. The level of agreement across all trials between reviewers using the RE-AIM MDIC ranged from 81% to 91%.ConclusionInformation on the specific implementation components of team ball sport IPEPs in published studies is scarce. In particular, major knowledge gaps exist regarding the adoption and maintenance of these programmes. The RE-AIM MDIC can be successfully applied to reviewing literature in this context.
EFFECTIVE EXERCISE BASED TRAINING INTERVENTIONS TARGETING INJURY PREVENTION IN TEAM-BASED SPORTS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: O'Malley E , Murphy J , Gissane C , McCarthy-Persson U , Blake C 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundExercise-based training is proposed to aid injury prevention through enhanced neuromuscular-control and muscle strength.ObjectiveTo assess the effects of exercise-based interventions on injury incidence in team sports.DesignSystematic review.Setting5 electronic databases were searched (12/01/13) returning 275 unique articles.Participants23 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) involving 21,479 participants were included.InterventionsMultifaceted exercise programmes were tested against controls (normal practice) in 12 studies, 7 studies used a balance board, 3 studies targeted hamstring strength and 1 study examined eccentric training of the Achilles and patellar tendons.Main outcome measurementsRCTs reporting overall or lower-limb injury incidence were included. Methodological quality of each trial was assessed using a tool developed by the Cochrane Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma group (Goldman and Jones 2010). Meta-analysis was performed on homogenous studies using RevMan 5.1 software. Risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using the Mantel-Haenszel method in a random effects model.ResultsPooled-analysis of multifaceted exercise programmes demonstrated a reduction in overall (RR=0.65, 95% CI=0.44–0.96, P=.03), knee (RR=0.79, 95% CI=0.63–0.99, P=.04), ACL (RR=0.51, 95% CI=0.28–0.93, P=.03) and ankle injury risk (RR=0.72, 95% CI=0.58–0.90, P=.003). Balance board interventions were shown to reduce hamstring (RR=0.22, 95% CI=0.05–1.02, P=.05) and ankle injury (RR=0.64, 95% CI=0.49–0.83, P=.001). Hamstring muscle training had no significant effect (RR=0.46, 95% CI=0.19–1.11, P=.09). Eccentric training of the Achilles and patellar tendons demonstrated an increased injury risk (RR=2.5, 95% CI=1.35- 4.61, P=.003).ConclusionsExercise-based interventions can reduce injury risk in team sports. Strategies are required to translate this evidence into practice.
LOWER EXTREMITY INJURIES AMONG NIGERIAN MALE YOUTH FOOTBALL PLAYERS
Authors: Owoeye OBA , Akinbo SRA , Olawale OA , Tella BA 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundFootball (soccer) is the leading sport for participation among Nigerian youths. Studies on youth football injuries and their risk factors in Nigeria are lacking.ObjectiveTo assess the risk and pattern of lower extremity (LE) injuries in Nigerian male youth football players.DesignA retrospective cohort study.SettingSub-elite youth football.ParticipantsThe study involved 706 players (aged 17.67±1.11 years [14–19 years]) from 36 teams in the Premier League and League I of a Nigerian youth football league.Interventions:A structured questionnaire based on the FIFA Medical and Research Centre consensus for studies relating to football injuries was administered to players at a pre-season screening programme.Main Outcome Measurements:Information collected from the players included occurrence of time-loss LE injuries in the past 1 year, injury type, location, severity and exposure type. Furthermore, descriptive data on potential risk factors such as age, level and position of play, leg dominance and total number of matches played were documented.ResultsA total of 227 players sustained 307 time-loss LE injuries (range, 1–6 injuries) with an overall 1-year prevalence rate of 32.5%; equivalent to 1.4 injuries per player per year. There was no significant difference in injury prevalence between the Premier League and Division I players (P=.659). Injuries sustained were mostly located on the ankle (45.6%) and the knee joints (27.8%). Moderate injuries (48.5%) were mostly reported and more injuries were sustained during matches than training (P<.001). Exposure to high frequency of matches (>50 matches per year) (OR=2.49, P=.002) was significantly associated with injury occurrence.ConclusionsThere is a high risk of moderate and severe LE injuries among Nigerian male youth footballers, however, pattern of injuries are mostly consistent with literatures on football injuries. This study suggests the need for injury prevention and rehabilitation interventions for players.