bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breast Cancer Pharmacogenetics in Botswana
Authors: Nthontho Keneuoe Cecilia , Paganotti Maria , Ndlovu Andrew Khulekani 
Published: July 2024

PURPOSE Breast cancer is one of the utmost neoplastic diseases, with a high mortality globally and especially in sub-Saharan Africa, where, despite a relatively low incidence, mortality is high. In Botswana, breast cancer represents almost 20% of all cancers and accounts for more than 10% of cancer-associated deaths among women. Moreover, the median age of women presenting with breast cancer is younger than those of high-income countries and patients are more likely to present with advanced stage disease. In addition, there is limited availability/access to treatments. Breast cancer in Botswana is also associated to a high risk of treatment failure. One possible explanation may be the genomic modulation of drug response. In fact, individual's genomic profile for drug metabolism also influences the therapeutic outcomes and impacts on compliance and toxicity. To explore the possible interplay between pharmacogenetic profile and 5-year overall survival, a University of Botswana team is carrying out a retrospective study on tamoxifen and paclitaxel pharmacogenetics. METHODS A cohort of 248 FFPE breast cancer tissues are undergoing DNA extraction and genotyping for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding for enzymes that metabolize the two drugs. Breast cancer subtype, survival data, treatment duration, toxicity and other clinical characteristics of the patients will be associated to the genetic makeup of the subjects. Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) (tamoxifen) and CYP2C8 (paclitaxel) genes are being analyzed for SNPs associated to an aberrant metabolism of the two drugs. RESULTS Preliminary data show a prevalence of the CYP2D6*4 and CYP2C8*2 alleles among patients in Botswana being 3.8% and 10.9%, respectively. From this, it is possible to estimate a 7.0% and a 19.7% of deviant drug metabolizers for tamoxifen and paclitaxel, respectively. Ongoing work on CYP2D6*2, *9, *10, *17, *29, *41 and gene copy number will refine the expected metabolic phenotypes for tamoxifen. CONCLUSION We found a non-negligible rate of subjects showing defective drug metabolism. Almost 20% of women are predicted to not being able to metabolize properly the chemotherapeutic paclitaxel. Concerning tamoxifen, more results will follow to complete the analysis, and assign proper metabolic profiles to the patients.
Cancer Care Gap: Examining Cancer Mortality-Incidence Rate Ratio in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Lawa Qudus Olajide , Lawal Ishak , Eigbefoh Joseph , Aigbonoga Daniel Ehis , Lawal Ganiyat 
Published: July 2024

PURPOSE The 2022 global burden of cancer estimate released by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) showed a huge burden of 20million new cancer cases and 9.7 million cancer deaths, a threat to the achievement of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals target on Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs). Africa accounts for only 5.9% of new global cases and 7.8% of cancer mortalities; however, these figures belie the enormous premature death that has made cancer a death sentence in Africa. A five-year survival rate measures cancer survival. However, due to the scarcity of follow-up data in Africa, the Mortality-Incidence Rate Ratio (MIR) which has an inverse relationship with survival has become a useful substitute for making comparisons on a global scale. The study's purpose is to compare the cancer MIR in Africa with other continents and disaggregate MIR in Sub-Saharan Africa across gender and major cancer sites. METHODS Data on Age Standardized Incidence Rate (World)-ASIR and Age Standardized Mortality Rate (World)-ASMR for six continents and the top five cancer sites in Africa (Breast, Prostrate, Cervix, Liver, and Colorectal) were extracted from the IARC Global Cancer Observatory (Cancer Today). MIR (calculated as the ratio of ASIR/ASMR) comparisons were done using Microsoft Excel 2021. RESULTS The average global cancer MIR is0.47. Africa has an estimated MIR of 0.67, which is more than double those of North America (0.23) and Oceania (0.23), and far above those of Europe (0.38), Latin America and the Caribbean (0.46). The high figure of Asia, 0.54, is well below the African Cancer MIR. Among the top five cancer sites in Sub-Sahara Africa, the liver has the highest MIR (0.95 compared to global MIR of 0.86) followed by the cervix (0.75 compared to global MIR of 0.50), Colorectal (0.73 compared to global MIR 0.44), prostrate (0.60 compare global MIR 0.38) and Breast (0.52 compare global MIR0.25). Disaggregated by gender, cancer MIR is higher in Sub-Saharan Africa for both sexes above the global average (Male 0.72 compared global MIR0.52; Female 0.67 compared global MIR 0.41). CONCLUSION The Mortality-Incidence rate ratio in Sub-Sahara Africa is alarmingly high compared to the global figure, reflecting a huge disparity in cancer care outcomes. A concerted effort to bridge the care gap in Sub-Sahara Africa is required to achieve the SDGs' NCD target, which aims to reduce premature death by a third.
Carriage of ELAC2 and RNASEL Genes and Risk Factors in Patients With Prostate Cancer in Burkina Faso
Authors: Zoure Abdou Azaque , Ky Bienvenu Désiré , Traoré Lassina , Zohoncon Théodora M. , Simpore Jacques 
Published: July 2024

PURPOSE Genetic factors are one of the significant contributors to prostate cancer (PCa) development. The objective of the present study was to analyze the carriage of the C650T (Ser217Leu) and G1621A (Ala541Thr) mutations of the ELAC2 gene and carriage of RNASEL R462Q and D541E mutations of RNASEL gene with the risk factors in prostate cancer patients in Burkina Faso. METHODS This case-control study. PCR combined with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was used to characterize the genotypes of the Ser217Leu and Ala541Thr polymorphisms of the ELAC2 gene. Real-time PCR genotyping of R462Q and D541E variants using the TaqMan® allelic discrimination technique was used. The correlations between the different genotypes and risk factors for prostate cancer were investigated. RESULTS There is no association between prostate cancer risk with the Ser217Leu (p = 0.972), Ala541Thr (p = 0.267) and R462Q (OR = 0.60 95% IC, 0.10–3.51 p = 0.686) and D541E (OR = 2.46 95% IC, 0.78–7.80 p = 0.121. Also, the two ELAC2 SNPs did not correlate with clinical stage, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level at diagnosis, or Gleason score on biopsies. However, we found that 100% of homozygous carriers of the T650 mutation have an A1621 mutation (P≤0.001). Also, there is a statistically significant difference in the distribution of cases according to the PSA rate at diagnosis (p < 0.001). For the Gleason score distribution, only 13.2% of cases have a Gleason score greater than 7. There is a statistically significant difference in the Gleason score distribution of cases (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION These variants, considered in isolation or in combination, are not associated with the risk of prostate cancer.
Collaboration With Global Communities for Outreach Into US Immigrant Communities for Liver Cancer Control to Breakdown Languages Barriers
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Hung Tony 
Published: July 2024

PURPOSE Highlight the necessity to collaborate with global cancer communities to outreach into immigrant communities to control liver cancer which showed increased mortality in immigrants from regions with high liver cancer burdens. These communities in US were often comprised of recent immigrants who speak English “less than very well”. METHODS We looked into the underlying cause of death data reported by CDC WONDER to assess death caused by liver cancer in race or ethnic groups with high immigrant percentage and with high mortality from liver cancer in their birth countries as reported from GLOBOCAN. We then looked into recent reports from national cancer registries to assess the needs to increase efforts into outreaching these immigrant communities. RESULTS Mortality from liver cancer are higher than white (both Hispanic and non-Hispanic) population in the Vietnamese, Japanese, and Korean population in the US, almost on par with the mortality reported in GLOBOCAN in Vietnam, Japan, or Korea. However, there appeared to be lower mortality reported in the Chinese population than the mortalities reported in China. We also observed much lower mortality reported in the black Hispanic or Native American Hispanic population. These data discrepancies might be results of reporting discrepancy that could bias our national investment into resources to address liver cancer control. We need better outreach into these populations. CONCLUSION In order to better outreach into immigrant communities impacted by liver cancer, we need to address the language barriers faced by these communities. We have launched a new patient centered program to convert education and supportive literatures for liver cancer control in different languages/dialects by working with other members of the International Liver Cancer Movement.
Effect of Hospital Teaching Status on Mortality and In-Hospital Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized With Acute Leukemia: A National Study
Authors: Miller Lacey , Javaid Saad , Frasier Kelly , Huisman Katie , Vinagolu-Baur Julia , Nidhiry Anna , Li Vivian 
Published: July 2024

PURPOSE Acute leukemia is a complex hematologic malignancy characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of developing leukocytes. Prior studies have considerably investigated the impact of medical training settings on the outcomes of hospitalized patients. Nevertheless, there remains a paucity of studies exploring the correlation between teaching hospital status and patient outcomes for those admitted with acute leukemia. METHOD We used the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) 2017-2020 to identify patients admitted with the primary diagnosis of acute leukemia (including acute myeloid and acute lymphoblastic leukemia.) We stratified the patients into those admitted to teaching hospitals (TH) and nonteaching hospitals (NTH). The primary outcome studied was mortality between the two groups, and the secondary outcomes included length of stay, total cost of hospitalization, and adverse in-hospital outcomes. RESULTS A total of 108,495 patients were hospitalized with acute leukemia, of which 9,156 (8.4%) were admitted to NTH and 99,327 (91.5%) were admitted to TH. The mean age of patients was 49.26 ±25.88, p<0.001. Of the admitted patients, 17.9% were <18 years old, and 82.05% were ≥ 18. Males in TH and NTH were 55.68% vs. 54.34%, respectively, and females in TH and NTH were 44.32% vs. 45.66%, respectively, p<0.001. After adjusting for confounding variables, no difference was noted in the odds of mortality between TH and NTH (OR=1.12, 95% CI (0.91-1.36), p=0.263). Those admitted in TH had prolonged length of stay (+7.92 days, 95% CI (6.77-9.08), p<0.001) and increased total cost of hospitalization ($131,854, 95% CI ($105,895-$157,813), p<0.001). Patients in TH also had increased odds of acute kidney injury (OR=1.20, 95% CI (1.03-1.39), p=0.01), fluid and electrolyte disorders (OR= 1.38, 95% CI (1.21-1.59), p<0.001), sepsis (OR=1.42, 95% CI (1.15-1.76), p=0.001), ICU admission (OR=1.28, 95% CI (1.02-1.61), p=0.03), intubation (OR=1.39, 95% CI (1.09-1.78), p=0.007), vasopressor use (OR=1.92, 95%CI(1.13-3.25), p=0.015), febrile neutropenia (OR=1.62, 95% CI (1.37-1.93), p<0.001), and delirium (OR=2.63, 95% CI (1.35-5.10), p=0.004). CONCLUSION Our study shows that hospital teaching status is not considered an independent predictor of mortality in hospitalized patients with acute leukemia. However, patients admitted to TH had prolonged lengths of stay and total costs of hospitalization, along with other adverse hospital outcomes. Further prospective studies are needed to validate the findings of our research.
Effectiveness of an Intervention Based on Pain Neuroscience Education Compared to Conventional Treatment in Adults With Cancer Pain: Clinical Trial Protocol
Authors: Ordoñez-Mora Leidy Tatiana , Rosero Dayana , Bozal Rocio Guil , Morales-Osorio Marco Antonio , Avila Valencia Juan Carlos , Agudelo Jimenez Julián Alberto 
Published: July 2024

PURPOSE
Pain is the second most frequent symptom reported in patients with cancer, due to its multidimensional characteristics involving cognitive and central sensitization mechanisms that require other intervention strategies. Modern pain neuroscience has improved the understanding of pain, including the role of sensitization in pain intervention processes. In this regard, the use of educational modalities has been recommended. In this sense, neuroscience education (PNE) is an intervention that provides elements of the neurophysiology of pain that are transferred to the patient through examples or metaphors. The objective is to examine the effectiveness of PNE on pain and biopsychosocial variables in comparison with conventional management.

METHODS
A single-blind controlled clinical trial will be carried out (Trial registration number NCT05581784), which requires 82 adults with the presence of oncological pain due to prostate cancer in men and uterine and breast cancer in women in stages III and IV. A baseline evaluation will be generated considering pain and biopsychosocial variables. After that, randomization will be carried out where two groups will work: one corresponding to pain neuroscience education (PNE), where the participants will carry out one weekly session until completing 9 educational sessions each with a duration of 30 minutes; the second group (control) will not receive the educational intervention; and the two groups will have the elements of conventional management estimated by the treating physician. The post-intervention evaluation will be carried out after 10 weeks for both groups. Within the statistical processing, analysis will be considered per protocol and by intention to treat according to the variables evaluated.

RESULTS
This study is in the process of recruiting patients according to the sample inclusion criteria.

CONCLUSION
It is expected that the intervention based on education in pain neuroscience will have greater effectiveness in pain modulation processes compared to patients who did not receive the intervention; it is expected that the educational content generated can be used in patients with these characteristics.
From Self-Collected HPV Sampling to Self-Administered Treatment Cervical Pre-Invasive Lesions: A Dream to Reality
Authors: Lawal Ishak , Rahman Alia , Lawal Qudus 
Published: July 2024

PURPOSE Application of technology has revolutionized strategy for screening for pre-invasive lesions of the cervix. Self-testing for HPV has been shown to be an effective screening strategy for pre-invasive lesions of the cervix and it is currently being advocated as the method of choice because of inherent convenience to the woman in comparison to clinician collected sampling for HPV. We hereby report on feasibility of self-administered treatment of pre-invasive lesions of the cervix. METHODS A desk review of historical treatment and current advances in the treatment for pre-invasive lesions of the cervix was conducted with the view of identifying treatment options that can be explored for self-treatment. RESULTS Historically the treatment of pre-invasive invasive lesions of the cervix has been grouped into excision and ablative methods. Following the identification of HPV as a causative agent for cervical cancer and successful development of a prophylactic vaccine against the virus, efforts are now being directed at developing a therapeutic vaccine against the virus that can reverse the cytopathologic changes induced by the virus. Similarly, a number of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) such as lactobacillus crisaptous, a vaginal probiotic, EGCG, an oxidant agent found in green tea which have been shown to accelerate HPV clearance with potential to reverse cytological changes are novel agents that can be explored for self-treatment. CONCLUSION Self-treatment of pre-invasive lesions of the cervix is a clinically feasible option that should be further explored for its potentials of convenience to the women and ability to bridge the current treatment gaps in low resource settings.
Impact of Nutrition Screening for Prediatric Oncology Patients at Bugando Medical Centre, Mwanza Tanzania
Authors: Kamanga Jacqueline , Enock Robert , Joas Heronima , Schroeder Kristin 
Published: July 2024

PURPOSE Malnutrition is a common and serious issue among pediatric oncology patients in low and middle 299income countries. Early identification of patients at high nutritional risk through screening can improve clinical outcomes including reduced treatment toxicity, reduced risk of developing infections and improved quality of life. This study investigates the impact of implementing a nutrition screening and tailored nutritional supplementation for pediatric oncology patients at Bugando Medical Centre (BMC), in Mwanza, Tanzania. METHODS A prospective study was conducted from October 2021- March 2023 for all pediatric oncology patients (<18yo) who attended clinic at Bugando Medical Centre. A trained nutritionist evaluated patients prior to each clinic visit and at regular intervals during their hospital stays. In addition to demographic and diagnostic information, the screening included assessment of nutritional status with tailored dietary support with ready-to-use therapeutic food (ie. plumpy nut) and F75/F100 therapeutic milk formula. All patients received nutritional porridge at each clinic encounter. RESULTS A total of 312 patients were screened, with 40% were female(n=125). With an average age of 7.3, and the most common diagnoses were Wilms tumor, Retinoblastoma, ALL and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma. 38% (n=119) of patients screened had malnutrition, with 45% (n=54) having severe malnutrition (SAM). Patients with hematological malignancies had more overall malnutrition compared to solid tumors (45% vs 34%). Among malnourished patients who received at least 1 month of nutrition directed therapy (n=71), 62% (n=44) improved their nutritional status and 48% (n=34) achieved normal nutritional status. CONCLUSION Nutritional screening is an important part of comprehensive cancer care for children in low and middle income countries but is not universally implemented. The majority of patients at BMC were found to be malnourished at diagnosis, but with tailored therapy, were able to improve and even normalize their nutritional status. Future research is needed to evaluate the impact of this improved nutrition on chemotherapy toxicity and patient outcomes.
Investigating the Healthcare-Seeking Behaviors of Mobile Phone Users to Improve Cervical Cancer Screening in Rural Uganda
Authors: Mwandacha Nelly , Dau Hallie , AboMoslim Maryam , Naguti Priscilla , Sheehan Mia , Booth Amy , Smith Laurie , Orem Jackson , Ogilvie Gina , Nakisige Carolyn 
Published: July 2024

PURPOSE Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer in low- and middle-income countries, despite being a preventable disease. Uganda, which lacks an effective screening program, has one of the highest cervical cancer incidence rates in the world. However, mobile health (mHealth) technology has the potential to improve healthcare-seeking behaviors and access to cervical cancer screening. This study aims to describe the connection between mobile phone access and healthcare-seeking behaviors in rural Uganda. METHODS This cross-sectional study recruited participants from January 23 to August 24, 2023. Women were eligible if they had no prior screening or treatment for cervical cancer in the past 5 years, were aged 30 to 49 years old, and were residents of the South Busoga Forest reserve. Each participant completed a 43-item survey which included questions on demographics, previous health service usage, and opinions on cervical cancer prevention. Bivariate data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests. RESULTS Of the 1434 participants included in the analysis, 91.4% (n = 1310) reported having access to a mobile phone. The majority of participants were aged 30-40 years (n = 929, 64.8%), reported being married or in a relationship (access, n = 1133, 86.5% no access, n = 106, 85.5% p= 0.948), had ≤ primary education (access, n = 1157, 88.3% no access, n = 114, 91.9% p=0.434), and reported farming as their occupation (access, n = 1114, 85.0% no access, n = 101, 81.5% p=0.438). 1143 (87.3%) of individuals in the access group and 90 (72.6%) of those in the no access group reported ever attending a healthcare outreach visit (p<0.001). Additionally, 96.9% (n = 1269) of the access group and 93.5% (n = 116) of the no access group reported that they had ever visited a health center (p<0.001). CONCLUSION While attendance to healthcare outreach visits or health centers was high amongst participants, those with mobile phone access were more likely to seek healthcare services. Further inquiry into this association between mobile phone access and healthcare-seeking behavior is needed to optimize the improvements to cervical cancer screening when implementing interventions such as mHealth technology.
Laryngeal Cancer: Diagnosis and Time to Treatment in the Brazilian Public Health System a Comparative Study of the Past 5 Years
Authors: Hass Lopes Yasmin Ricarte , Lech Gabriele Eckerdt , Filipin Von Muhlen Pedro Henrique 
Published: July 2024

PURPOSE Laryngeal cancer was the third most prevalent tumor in the head and neck region, excluding non-melanoma skin tumors in Brazil in 2022, according to the National Cancer Institute (INCA). Screening for this type of cancer is not recommended. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment is fundamental to reducing its morbimortality. The Brazilian law sets a deadline, under 60 days, for treatment initiation. However, overload on health systems and the restricted number of provider institutions increase the time to initiate the treatment in Brazilian public healthcare (SUS). Under these circumstances, we aim to expose the number of diagnoses and time to initiate treatment of Larynx cancer performed by SUS in the last 5 years. METHODS A cross-sectional design of data collected from DATASUS's Hospital Information System. The study analyzes the number of diagnoses and epidemiologic features as age and sex of Larynx cancer and the time to initiate treatment registered between January and December in 5 years (2019-2023) which were comparatively evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the number of diagnoses and time to treat compared over the years. RESULTS In the period, 25.706 patients with malignant neoplasm of the larynx were diagnosed, of which 84.82% were male, 15.18% were female with 53.43% of cases in the age group 55 years to 69 years. As for the diagnosis, the number in 2023 was 23,83% lower compared to the media of cases in the period. Analyzing the percentage of people treated after 60 days, for the 5 years was 28,99%, reducing 37,28% approximately in 2023. Comparing the data for people treated before 30 days, 42% of the patients were treated in the period, improving 12,43% over the media in 2023. Some percentages were approximated for better presentation. CONCLUSION The epidemiologic features was consistent with data provided by INCA. The reduction on the number of Larynx cancer diagnoses is evident in 2023 and is going to affect the morbimortality of the patients who haven't had access to the health system. Is fundamental to know the amount of damming on those diagnoses and knowledge of the factors that impact the reduction of time to initiate treatment in further studies to propose measures to prevent the worst outcomes, reducing avoidable deaths.