bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraspecific trait variation of carrion beetle species and communities across elevations
Authors: Ji Qiao‐Qiao , Xie Zhijing , Wu Yunga , Wan Zhuoma , Xu Caiyi , Wu Donghui , Chen Ting‐Wen , Ordonez Alejandro 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Filtering processes across environmental gradients can structure patterns of trait variation within communities. The community‐weighted mean (CWM) is a metric that is commonly used to indicate the directionality of such filtering processes and the optimal adaptive strategy of taxa within community. Proximity to the CWM indicates higher fitness, and deviations from this optimal value result in changes in the relative abundances of coexisting species.
We investigated patterns of intraspecific trait variation in four coexisting carrion beetle species (Coleoptera: Silphidae) across elevational gradients. The study was conducted in temperate forest ecosystems with distinct natural vegetation zones ranging from 950 m to 1700 m above sea level.
Of the 12 traits measured, we found that intraspecific variation ranged from 34% (body length) to 100% (ratio of elytra length, head length and head width to body length) and accounted for a larger proportion of variation than interspecific variation in 7 traits. For most traits, trait range, which indicates the niche breadth of species at a given elevation, was positively correlated with relative abundance. The CWMs of traits associated with long‐distance dispersal decreased with elevation, whereas those associated with microhabitat use showed the opposite trend. Soil temperature influenced tibia length after controlling for the effects of species identity, but soil water content had no effect on trait variation. Patterns of variation in body width and thorax width of two beetle species supported the CWM‐optimality hypothesis; however, patterns of trait variation in body width and thorax length of another species showed an opposite trend.
Our study identifies several traits that can be highly variable within carrion beetle species. Such high levels of intraspecific trait variation may enable populations to adapt across a wide range of elevations and vegetation types.
Brazing mechanism and shear strength of SiAlON/WC‐Co joint using Ag–Cu–Ti active filler
Authors: Zhou Yi , Liu Yuan , Chen Jia‐Pei , Guo Wei‐Ming , Luo Si‐Chun , Lin Hua‐Tay 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis work investigated the formation mechanism and the effects of temperature on the microstructure and shear strength of vacuum‐brazed SiAlON ceramic/WC‐Co cemented carbide joints using an Ag–Cu–Ti active filler as the interlayer. The diffusion of Ti elements toward substrates and their subsequent reaction during the brazing process led to the formation of TiN, TiC, and Ti5Si3 phases, where the featured reaction layers were established. A continuous reaction layer of TiN in the SiAlON substrate side and TiC in the WC substrate side were formed. The ceramic phases (Ti5Si3 TiN, and TiC) were distributed in a brazed intermediate layer. The highest shear strength of the brazed joints obtained at 850°C was 325.28 ± 20.27 MPa, demonstrating the feasibility of the Ag–Cu–Ti active filler in producing robust joints.
Patterns of contingency and non‐contingency in teacher–student scaffolding interactions: A case of novice and experienced language teachers
Authors: Kardoust Amir 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTeacher contingency, in which teachers adapt their support to the learner's level of understanding is assumed to be the distinguishing characteristic of scaffolding. Yet, classroom studies on the topic scarcely exist. The current study examined the process of contingency in classroom settings. Three novice and three experienced English language teachers were video‐recorded to compile a 9‐h corpus. The model of contingent teaching was used to code the different stages of scaffolding. Conversation analysis was applied to provide an emic perspective of each stage. The results indicated different contingent and non‐contingent teaching patterns for novice and experienced teachers. The non‐contingent teaching of novice teachers was characterized by skipping the diagnosis stage, failing to adapt the support to the learners' level of understanding by using high‐support moves, and failing to check learners' understanding. The experienced teachers mainly diagnosed their learners' understanding, checked their diagnosis, and used a wider array of strategies to provide interventions. Their non‐contingent teaching stemmed from maladjustment of support to their learners' level of understanding. The implications for theory and practice are then discussed.
Marketization and corporate cash holdings: Role of financial constraint alleviation
Authors: Lei Lin , Zhou Han , Wang Dingding 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study examines the relationship between marketization and corporate cash holdings. Using a sample of the Chinese stock market spanning from 2007 to 2020, our empirical results show that marketization negatively affects corporate cash holdings. This effect is more pronounced for firms in the eastern and central regions of China and Chinese Growth Enterprise Market (GEM). Additionally, our study finds that investment opportunities and state‐owned features of firms play moderating roles in the effect of marketization on firms' cash holdings. State‐owned enterprises (SOEs) are less affected by marketization; however, the more investment opportunities a firm has, the greater is the negative impact of marketization on its cash holdings. Finally, we find that marketization can affect corporate cash holdings through firms' financing constraints. These results are robust to various tests and alternative explanations.
Structural characterization of gallium fluoride phosphate glasses by advanced solid‐state NMR methods and correlation with photophysical properties
Authors: Gaddam Anuraag , Galleani Gustavo , de Lima Reis Vitor , de Camargo Andrea S. S. , Eckert Hellmut 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGallium fluoride phosphate glasses feature low refractive index, high energy radiation resistance, wide transmission range, and favorable emission characteristics of rare‐earth dopants. For the development of optimized glass compositions, a fundamental understanding of these properties in terms of glass structure is sought. We report nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) structural studies of glasses in the system xGa(PO3)3–(40 − x)GaF3–20BaF2–20ZnF2–20SrF2 (x = 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 mol%). 31P NMR results with 71Ga recoupling show that the network structure is dominated by P–O–Ga linkages, and no P–O–P linkages exist. 71Ga NMR results show that Ga is mainly six‐coordinated featuring a mixed fluoride/phosphate coordination. Quantitative estimates of this ligand distribution around gallium were obtained by 71Ga{31P} spin echo double resonance (REDOR) measurements. Photophysical properties suggest changes in the Eu(III) ligand distribution toward a fluoride‐dominated environment at low P/F ratio while the glass network is largely sustained by bridging oxygen atoms via P–O–Ga linkages.
Essential competencies of nurses for climate change response in Saudi Arabia: A rapid literature review
Authors: Mani Zakaria A. , Naylor Katarzyna , Goniewicz Krzysztof 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimAmidst the mounting challenges posed by climate change, the healthcare sector emerges as a vital frontliner, with nurses standing as its linchpins. This review delves into the pivotal role of nurses in combatting the health consequences of climatic alterations, particularly within the nuanced environment of Saudi Arabia.DesignA rapid literature review.MethodDrawing from a rigorous analysis of 53 studies, our exploration revolves around the preparedness strategies formulated in response to Saudi Arabia's changing climate. The variables analysed included study design, sample size, focus area, geographical coverage and key findings related to nurse competencies. Data were collected using a structured data extraction form and analysed using thematic content analysis. Employing content analysis, we discerned essential domains: from grasping the health impacts of climate change to customizing care for the most susceptible populations and championing advocacy initiatives.FindingsSalient findings highlight nurses' profound understanding of both direct and secondary health implications of climate shifts. Additionally, the results emphasize the tailored interventions needed for vulnerable groups, capacity building and disaster readiness. Crucially, our findings spotlight the significance of weaving cultural, ethical and regional threads into nursing strategies. By painting a comprehensive picture, we showcase the delicate balance of environmental evolution, healthcare dynamics and the unique socio‐cultural tapestry of Saudi Arabia.ConclusionThe results of our analysis revealed key competencies required for nurses, including the ability to address immediate health impacts, provide tailored care for vulnerable populations and engage in advocacy and policy formulation. In summation, nurses' multifaceted roles—from immediate medical care to research, advocacy and strategizing—underscore their invaluable contribution to confronting the health adversities sparked by climate change. Our review accentuates the essential contributions of nurses in tackling climate‐related health hurdles and calls for more nuanced research, policy adjustments and proactive measures attuned to Saudi Arabia's distinct backdrop.
Rapid counting of coliforms and Escherichia coli by deep learning‐based classifier
Authors: Wakabayashi Rina , Aoyanagi Atsuko , Tominaga Tatsuya 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTo ensure that food has been handled hygienically, manufacturers routinely examine the numbers of indicator bacteria, such as coliforms and Escherichia coli. Using the deep‐learning algorithm YOLO, we developed a classifier that automatically counts the number of coliforms (red colonies) and E. coli (blue colonies) on a chromogenic agar plate. Using Citrobacter freundii IAM 12471T and E. coli NBRC 3301, we trained our YOLO‐based classifier with images of Petri dishes grown with each strain alone (10 images) and/or with a mixture of both strains (5 images). When the performance of the classifier was evaluated using 83 images, the accuracy rates for coliforms and E. coli reached 99.4% and 99.5%, respectively. We then investigated whether this classifier could detect other, non‐trained coliform species (22 species) and E. coli strains (13 strains). The accuracy rates for coliforms and E. coli were 98.7% (90 Petri dishes) and 94.1% (46 Petri dishes), respectively. Furthermore, we verified the practical feasibility of the developed classifier using 38 meats (chicken, pork, and beef). The accuracy rates for coliforms and E. coli in meat isolates were 98.8% (80 Petri dishes) and 93.8% (35 Petri dishes), respectively. The time required to count coliforms/E. coli on a single plate was ~70 ms. This novel method should enable users to rapidly quantify coliforms/E. coli without relying on a human inspector's color vision, leading to improved assurance of food safety.
Use of a large language model with instruction‐tuning for reliable clinical frailty scoring
Authors: Kee Xiang Lee Jamie , Sng Gerald Gui Ren , Lim Daniel Yan Zheng , Tung Joshua Yi Min , Abdullah Hairil Rizal , Chowdury Anupama Roy 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundFrailty is an important predictor of health outcomes, characterized by increased vulnerability due to physiological decline. The Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) is commonly used for frailty assessment but may be influenced by rater bias. Use of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly Large Language Models (LLMs) offers a promising method for efficient and reliable frailty scoring.MethodsThe study utilized seven standardized patient scenarios to evaluate the consistency and reliability of CFS scoring by OpenAI's GPT‐3.5‐turbo model. Two methods were tested: a basic prompt and an instruction‐tuned prompt incorporating CFS definition, a directive for accurate responses, and temperature control. The outputs were compared using the Mann–Whitney U test and Fleiss' Kappa for inter‐rater reliability. The outputs were compared with historic human scores of the same scenarios.ResultsThe LLM's median scores were similar to human raters, with differences of no more than one point. Significant differences in score distributions were observed between the basic and instruction‐tuned prompts in five out of seven scenarios. The instruction‐tuned prompt showed high inter‐rater reliability (Fleiss' Kappa of 0.887) and produced consistent responses in all scenarios. Difficulty in scoring was noted in scenarios with less explicit information on activities of daily living (ADLs).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the potential of LLMs in consistently scoring clinical frailty with high reliability. It demonstrates that prompt engineering via instruction‐tuning can be a simple but effective approach for optimizing LLMs in healthcare applications. The LLM may overestimate frailty scores when less information about ADLs is provided, possibly as it is less subject to implicit assumptions and extrapolation than humans. Future research could explore the integration of LLMs in clinical research and frailty‐related outcome prediction.
Effect of reinforcement particle size on the corrosion and mechanical properties of spark plasma sintered aluminium matrix composites
Authors: Sadeghi Behzad , Cavaliere Pasquale , Sanayei Mohsen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this study, the effects of different sizes of reinforcing particles on the corrosion behaviour and mechanical properties of aluminium (Al)‐based composites produced by spark plasma sintering (SPS) are analysed. In the study, the effects of SPS parameters, including electrical power, applied pressure and sintering temperature, on the consolidation process and microstructure evolution of the composite are closely investigated. The results reveal a nuanced relationship between the sintering conditions and the properties of the particles, which in turn determine the sintering dynamics and the formation of the microstructural features. The evaluation of mechanical properties indicates a remarkable influence of particle size distribution on the hardness of the composites, showing an initial improvement with the introduction of nanoparticles, followed by a slight decrease as the balance between nano‐ and micron‐sized Al2O3 particles shifts. A scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study demonstrates the influence of particle dimensions on the change of grain boundaries and the spatial arrangement of the composite matrix. Electrochemical experiments in a 0.1 M NaCl solution show a consistent corrosion potential (Ecorr) across all samples, while the current densities associated with corrosion (icorr) show considerable variation. The presence of nano‐sized Al2O3 particles was found to increase corrosion resistance, in contrast to the detrimental effects observed with larger microparticles. In particular, composites with a bimodal distribution of particle sizes showed a 3.5‐fold increase in corrosion resistance compared to pure Al. The specific Al‐2n8mAl2O3 composite that exhibited active electrochemical properties at elevated potentials without a defined passivation range emphasises the significant role of particle size. This study draws attention to bimodal microstructures as a promising route to achieving uniformity and improved corrosion resistance in Al matrix composites, while pointing to the need for further research to fully elucidate the operative mechanisms.
The effect of topical tranexamic acid with micro‐needling and micro‐needling alone in treatment of macular amyloidosis
Authors: Gheisari Mehdi , Ghalamkarpour Fariba , Moslemi Haghighi Shima , Zaresharifi Shirin , Dadkhahfar Sahar , Al‐Zubaidi Nabaa , Ghadirzade Arani Leila , Mollaabasi Faeghe , Robati Reza M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundMacular amyloidosis is a form of primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis presented by pruritic pigmented macules in rippled or reticulate pattern. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of using topical tranexamic acid with micro‐needling comparing to micro‐needling alone in patients with macular amyloidosis.Materials and MethodsPatients with bilaterally located macular amyloidosis on trunk or upper extremities were recruited in this trial. The skin lesions in all patients were divided into two parts which were randomly assigned to the group of treatment with micro‐needling plus tranexamic acid and the group of micro‐needling alone. There were four sessions of treatment with 2 weeks interval. The percentage of improvement in pigmentation (based on photographs and dermoscopy) and rippling of each group was determined by three blinded dermatologists. The level of patient satisfaction and reduction of pruritus was measured by a questionnaire and defined as a percentage.ResultsTwenty females were enrolled in this study. The mean (SD) patients' age was 39.7 (±10.13) years. Both groups showed improvement in pigmentation based on images, dermoscopy, and rippling pattern. Patients' satisfaction was 46.5% in tranexamic acid group and 47.5% in micro‐needling alone. Nevertheless, there was no significant difference between both groups (p value >0.05). Interestingly, the pruritus improved 61.66% after four sessions of treatment in both groups.ConclusionMicro‐needling is a suitable modality for decreasing pruritus and pigmentation in macular amyloidosis. However, topical application of tranexamic acid does not lead to additional improvement.
Nanoindentation creep: The impact of water and artificial saliva storage on milled and 3D‐printed resin composites
Authors: Sasany Rafat , Jamjoom Faris Z. , Uçar Sultan Merve , Yilmaz Burak 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPurposeThis study evaluated the effects of artificial saliva and distilled water on the nanoindentation creep of different 3D‐printed and milled CAD‐CAM resin composites.Material and MethodsDisk‐shaped specimens were subtractively fabricated from polymer‐infiltrated ceramic network (EN) and reinforced resin composite (B) and additively from resin composite (C) and hybrid resin composite (VS) using digital light processing (DLP). Specimens from each material were divided into two groups according to their storage conditions (artificial saliva or distilled water for 3 months). Creep was analyzed by nanoindentation testing. Statistical analysis was done using two‐way ANOVA, one‐way ANOVA, Bonferroni post hoc tests, and independent t‐test (α = 0.05).ResultsThe main effects of material and storage conditions, and their interaction were statistically significant on nanoindentation (p < 0.001). Storage condition had the greatest influence (partial eta squared ηP2 = 0.370), followed by the material (ηP2 = 0.359), and the interaction (ηP2 = 0.329). The nanoindentation creep depths after artificial saliva storage ranged from 0.34 to 0.51 µm and from 0.50 to 0.87 µm after distilled water storage. One of the additively manufactured groups had higher nanoindentation creep depths in both storage conditions.ConclusionsAll specimens showed comparable performance after artificial saliva storage, but increased nanoindentation creep after distilled water storage for 3 months. The subtractive CAD‐CAM blocks showed superior dimensional stability in terms of nanoindentation creep depths in both storage conditions. Additively manufactured composite resins had lower dimensional stability than one of the subtractively manufactured composites, which was demonstrated as having higher creep deformation and maximum recovery. However, after artificial saliva storage, one of the additively manufactured resins had dimensional stability similar to that of subtractively manufactured.
Good intentions gone awry: Rail lines and inner‐city development
Authors: Sun Tianshi , Xu Zhicheng , Wang Mingyue , Liu Xiuyan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study explored the impact of transportation systems in urban areas on economic activity. We examined the effect of traditional Chinese railway construction fencing on urban spatial development using nighttime luminance and railway data from prefecture‐level cities. The study found that the fencing effect exacerbated uneven development on either side of the railway, especially in economically underdeveloped areas. These results were supported by different measures of development and a placebo test. The fencing effect was also found to affect the location of newly registered firms and the total factor productivity of industrial firms, leading to unbalanced growth on either side of the railway.
Parent‐Reported Academic Outcomes After a Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in the Pediatric Population
Authors: Kramer Andrew , Foley Justin , Hansen Colby , Teramoto Masaru 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundMillions of children are diagnosed with a traumatic brain injury (TBI) each year, most being mild TBI (mTBI). The effect of mTBIs on academic performance is of significant importance. We investigate mTBI's impact on parent‐reported academic outcomes in school‐aged pediatric participants.MethodsThis cross‐sectional survey study queried parents (N = 285) regarding letter grade performance and the presence or absence of academic accommodations before and after an mTBI, including complicated mTBI (c‐mTBI, or mTBI with radiographic abnormality).ResultsWe found a parent‐reported decline in letter grades following c‐mTBI (p < .001), with no significant change following uncomplicated mTBIs. Degree and length of recovery were also associated with grade changes (p < .05). Those with no academic accommodations prior to the injury showed significant decreases in grades after injury regardless of post‐injury accommodation status (p < .05).Implications of School Health Policy, Practice, and EquityThis study underscores the need for an improved framework of support to maximize academic performance of children following mTBI, especially in those with a c‐mTBI and still recovering from their injury.ConclusionOur study identifies children who are at risk for adverse academic outcomes following mTBI. We encourage efforts to better support school nurses in this effort, including improved communication between health care teams and school teams.