bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Out of context: ‘Control & Surrender’ revisited and remixed
Authors: Loydell Rupert 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
A self-reflective consideration of remixing, reconsidering and (re-)presenting live a previously written collaborative book chapter on Brian Eno’s collaborations and his use of Oblique Strategies cards. The piece also considers the presentation in relation to other papers at the Modular Forms conference at Roehampton University, and was written in response to randomly drawn Oblique Strategies cards.
The Point of Publishing: A modular contemplation of publishing
Authors: Smith Kelvin 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
This article introduces The Point of Publishing, a modular contemplation of publishing. The Point of Publishing was published on a WordPress template as short daily posts at http://pointofpublishing.com from 1 September to 29 November 2012. This article explores some of the stylistic and thematic origins of the text; provides an exemplary excerpt and creates new modular abridgements of the text; and gives details of the work’s development, production and reception. Approaches to writing and publishing merge in the process of creation and dissemination, and are presented as structured creative output using a modular approach, which leads in turn to further adaptations, abridgements, and the possibility of new projects.
Eight short talks about islands … and by islands I mean paragraphs
Authors: Carpenter J. R. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Flocks of books open and close, winging their way web-ward. A reader is cast adrift in a sea of white space veined blue by lines of longitude, of latitude, of graph, of paper. The horizon extends far beyond the bounds of the browser window, to the north, south, east and west. Navigating this space (with track pad, touch screen, mouse or arrow keys) reveals that this sea is dotted with islands… and by islands I mean paragraphs. These fluid texts are continuously recomposed by JavaScript files calling upon variable strings containing words and phrases collected from a vast literary corpus – Deleuze’s Desert Islands (2004), Shakespeare’s The Tempest (1610–11), Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe (1719), Bishop’s Crusoe in England (1971), Coetzee’s Foe (1966), Ballard’s Concrete Island (1973), Hakluyt’s Voyages and Discoveries (1598–1600), Darwin’s Voyages of the Beagle (1838), and many other lesser-known sources including an out-of-date guidebook to the Scottish Isles, and an amalgam of accounts of the classical and quite possibly fictional island of Thule. Individually, each of these textual islands represents a topic – from the Greek topos, meaning place. Collectively they constitute a topographical map of a sustained practice of reading and re-reading and writing and re-writing on the topic of islands. In this constantly shifting sea of variable texts a reader will never wash ashore on the same island twice… and by islands, I really do mean paragraphs.
Organocatalysts for enantioselective synthesis of fine chemicals: definitions, trends and developments
Authors: Palumbo Chiara , Guidotti Matteo 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Organocatalysis, that is the use of small organic molecules to catalyse organic transformations, has been included among the most successful concepts in asymmetric catalysis and it has been used for the enantioselective construction of C-C, C-N, C-O, C-S, C-P and C-halide bonds. Since the seminal works in early 2000, the scientific community has been paying an ever-growing attention to the use of organocatalysts for the synthesis, with high yields and remarkable stereoselectivities, of optically active fine chemicals of interest for the pharmaceutical industry. A brief overview is here presented about the two main classes of substrate activation by the catalyst: covalent organocatalysis and non-covalent organocatalysis, with a more stringent focus on some recent outcomes in the field of the latter and of hydrogen-bond-based catalysis. Finally, some successful examples of heterogenisation of organocatalysts are also discussed, in the view of a potential industrial exploitation.
Structure of three subtropical bat assemblages (Chiroptera) in the Andean rainforests of Argentina
Authors: Sánchez Mariano S. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractI evaluated bat assemblages in terms of species richness, relative abundance, trophic guild structure, and seasonal changes at three sites along of the Southern Yungas forests. A total of 854 individuals were captured, representing 25 species of three families, with an effort of 27,138 m of mist net opened per hour. Subtropical assemblages showed a similar structure to those from tropical landmark, with a dominance of frugivorous Phyllostomid; in addition, a few species were abundant, followed by a long tail of less common species. However, subtropical sites differed due to the dominance of the genus
Sculpting of Lead Sulfide Nanoparticles by Means of Acetic Acid and Dichloroethane
Authors: Gerdes Frauke , Volkmann Mirjam , Schliehe Constanze , Bielewicz Thomas , Klinke Christian 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Colloidal lead sulfide is a versatile material with great
opportunities to tune the bandgap by electronic confinement and to
adapt the optical and electrical properties to the target
application. We present a new and simple synthetic route to control
size and shape of PbS nanoparticles. Increasing concentrations
of explicitly added acetic acid are used to tune the shape of
PbS nanoparticles from quasi-spherical particles via
octahedrons to six-armed stars. The presence of acetate changes the
intrinsic surface energies of the different crystal facets and enables
the growth along the 〈100〉 direction. Furthermore, the
presence of 1,2-dichloroethane alters the reaction kinetics, which
results in smaller nanoparticles with a narrower size distribution.
Elevated circulating microRNA-122 is associated with obesity and insulin resistance in young adults
Authors: Wang Rui , Hong Jie , Cao Yanan , Shi Juan , Gu Weiqiong , Ning Guang , Zhang Yifei , Wang Weiqing 
Published: December 2014

ObjectiveMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the regulation of adiposity, but functional studies have yielded inconclusive results. Examining the associations of circulating miRNAs levels with obesity and insulin sensitivity in humans may lead to improved insights.Design and methodsSerum samples collected from 112 obese and control subjects (50.0% men) were randomly divided and combined into four pools (28 samples in each obese or control pool). The genome-wide circulating miRNA profiles were detected via microarray. Elevated miR-122 was selected and validated in individual serum samples from 123 obese (46.7% men) and 107 control (50.0% men) young adults. Associations between circulating miR-122 levels and parameters related to adiposity, insulin resistance, lipid profiles and hepatic enzymes were further assessed.ResultsThirty-four miRNAs were found to be expressed differently in the sera of obese patients compared with control subjects (P<0.001). Further analyses confirmed that obese patients had 3.07-fold higher circulating miR-122 levels than controls (P<0.001). Serum miR-122 levels were correlated with BMI (r=0.469), alanine aminotransferase (r=0.634), triglycerides (r=0.448), HDL-cholesterol (r=−0.351) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (r=0.401, allP<0.01). After controlling for confounding factors, miR-122 remained as an independent risk factor for insulin resistance (OR=3.379, 95% CI=1.141–10.007,P=0.028).ConclusionsElevated circulating miR-122 is positively associated with obesity and insulin resistance in young adults. These findings provide a better understanding regarding the role of miRNAs in adiposity and insulin sensitivity.
Study of Contraceptive Use Among Comprehensive Abortion Care Clients in Family Planning Clinic of Tribhuban University Teaching Hospital
Authors: Bhandari B R , Jha R , Baral J , Wagle R R 
Published: December 2014

Aims: This study was done to assess the use of family planning method among comprehensive abortion care clients in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH). Methods: A hospital based observational study was conducted in family planning clinic at TUTH from 14th April 2009 to 14th June 2010 among one hundred clients who opted for comprehensive abortion care (CAC) at the hospital CAC centre and met the inclusion criteria of this study. Results: Around 98% women had knowledge of different types of modern contraceptive methods. Majority of CAC clients (91%) had ever used contraceptive methods in the past. Injectables were the most common method of contraceptive used by the CAC clients (55%). Almost 22% clients had come for repeat induced abortion. About 43% clients opted CAC service for complete family and 33% for contraceptive failure. Withdrawal method failure was seen in 17% of clients. Almost 86% women intend to use contraceptive after CAC service in future. Conclusions: This study concluded that despite knowledge of modern contraceptive methods and ever uses of different family planning methods, majority of clients had no consistency in use of various contraceptives. Effective family planning counseling along with information of emergency contraceptive is required for each CAC clients to prevent unwanted pregnancy and abortion.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v9i2.11740
Marital Rape and its Social Demographic Factors Associated with Gynecological Problems in Kirtipur
Authors: Shakya T M , Dangal G , Poudyal A K 
Published: December 2014

Aims: This study aimed to find association of marital rape with gynecological problems and socio-demographic factors, which helped to explore possible underlying issues and to provide appropriate services to the women. Methods: A cross sectional quantitative study was carried out. Three hundred sixty two married women who came to the health care centres of Public Health Concern Trust (phect-NEPAL) for any kind of health services were enrolled for the study. Data was collected through semi structured interview questionnaire. Bivariate analysis and multiple binary logistic regression analysis were applied to identify the factors associated gynecological problems and marital rape. Results: The study revealed that out of 362 women, 194 (53.6%) experienced marital rape either everyday or sometime. Out of 362 women, 48.6% (194) were suffered from gynecological problems. Women who had undergone rape had 2.32 times more likely to experience gynecological problems than those who did not (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.52-3.55). Marital rape was found statistical significantly associated (p-value < 0.05) with economic condition, interspousal communication, and difference among interspousal sexual desire, husband’s violent nature, husband's dominant attitude, husband’s alcohol intake and gynecological problem. Conclusions: Marital rape was associated with existence of gynecological problem in the wife. Therefore, women with gynecological problems should also be explored for marital rape and counseling and service should be provided. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v9i2.11767
Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Clinically Significant Coagulase-negative Staphylococci
Authors: Nazir A , Shah A , Kakru D , Kadri S M 
Published: December 2014

Aims: This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence and pathogenicity of coagulase-negative staphylococci in clinical samples and to study the antibiotic-sensitivity pattern of the coagulase-negative isolates. Methods: A prospective study was conducted over a period of two years on patients admitted in the Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences. Blood, urine, pus, catheter tips, cerebrospinal fluid and peritoneal fluid samples of patients who fulfilled the criteria for being labeled as nosocomial were cultured. Results: One hundred and six strains of coagulase negative staphylococci were isolated from the samples and among them 90 isolates were identified as Staphylococcus epidermidis (84.90%). Most of the coagulase-negative staphylococci isolates were resistant to penicillin, cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. Methicillin resistance was found in a significant number of coagulase-negative isolates. All the isolates were found to be sensitive to vancomycin. Conclusions: The results of the study emphasized that isolation of coagulase-negative staphylococci should be viewed with serious concern and accurate species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing should be performed in all cases. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v9i2.11769
Volume and frequency of ice avalanches from Taconnaz hanging glacier, French Alps
Authors: Vincent C. , Thibert E. , Harter M. , Soruco A. , Gilbert A. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractVery large volumes of ice break off regularly from Taconnaz hanging glacier, French Alps. During winter, when the snow mantle is unstable, these collapses can trigger very large avalanches that represent a serious threat to inhabited areas below. Photogrammetric measurements have been performed over 1 year to assess the volume and frequency of the largest collapses. Major collapses occur when the glacier reaches a critical geometry. After a major ice collapse, the glacier is in a minimal position and subsequently recharges over 6 months to reach the maximum position again. This critical geometry is a necessary but not sufficient condition for further large collapses. Large collapses do not systematically occur in the maximum position, as ice is often removed by disintegration into small ice blocks. For two major collapses, the volume of ice breaking off has been assessed at ~275 000 m3. Photogrammetric measurements were used to determine an ice flux of 820 000 m3 a–1 through the studied ice stream, in agreement with an assessment based on ice-flow modeling. This ice flux estimation was used to determine the average ice volumes breaking off over surveyed periods.
A picture is worth a thousand tables - graphics in life sciences
Authors: Redi Carlo Alberto 
Published: December 2014

As few years ago BD MacArthur, A Maâ€™ayan and IR Lemischka Â (Department of Gene and Cell Medicine, The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York) pointed out in a very interesting paper (titled Toward stem cell systems biology: from molecules to networks and landscapes published on Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 73:211-215, 2008) we have nowaday the need to use landscape representations to show the overwelming amount of data we accumulate even in a single experiment....
Crecimiento de Cedrela odorata l. biofertilizada con Rhizophagus intraradices y Azospirillum brasilense en vivero
Authors: Aguirre-Medina Juan F. , Mina-Briones Francisco O. , Cadena-Iñiguez Jorge , Dardón-Zunun Joni D. , Hernández-Sedas Dante A. 
Published: December 2014

Cedrela odorata L. es una especie que se distingue por la calidad de su madera. El cedro establecido en campo debe adaptarse a cambios en disponibilidad de recursos; la sobrevivivencia es mayor cuando el sistema radical se asocia con microorganismos que mejoran la nutrición y crecimiento. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de Rhizophagus intraradices y Azospirillum brasilense sobre el crecimiento de C. odorata y la capacidad de absorción de nitrógeno (N) y fósforo (P). Las semillas de cedro se sembraron en macetas de acuerdo con los siguientes tratamientos: testigo, fertilización 15N-15P-15K, R. intraradices, A. brasilense, R. intraradices + A. brasilense, y R. intraradices + A. brasilense + fertilización 15N-15P-15K. Las variables morfológicas y fisiológicas de rendimiento y la colonización radical se registraron cada 28 días, y los contenidos de N y P, al final del experimento (140 días). En general, R. intraradices promovió mayor crecimiento vegetal (P ≤ 0.05) de los componentes morfológicos y fisiológicos del rendimiento. La altura máxima (97 cm) se registró en las plantas con R. intraradices + A. brasilense + fertilización 15N-15P-15K, representando 40 % más altura que el testigo. El N y P incrementaron con la inoculación de los microorganismos solos y combinados
Long‐term evolution of an Oligocene/Miocene maar lake from Otago, New Zealand
Authors: Fox B. R. S. , Wartho J. , Wilson G. S. , Lee D. E. , Nelson F. E. , Kaulfuss U. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractFoulden Maar is a highly resolved maar lake deposit from the South Island of New Zealand comprising laminated diatomite punctuated by numerous diatomaceous turbidites. Basaltic clasts found in debris flow deposits near the base of the cored sedimentary sequence yielded two new 40Ar/39Ar dates of 24.51 ± 0.24 and 23.38 ± 0.24 Ma (2σ). The younger date agrees within error with a previously published 40Ar/39Ar date of 23.17 ± 0.19 Ma from a basaltic dyke adjacent to the maar crater. The diatomite is inferred to have been deposited over several tens of thousands of years in the latest Oligocene/earliest Miocene, and may have been coeval with the period of rapid glaciation and subsequent deglaciation of Antarctica known as the Mi‐1 event. Sediment magnetic properties and SEM measurements indicate that the magnetic signal is dominated by pseudo‐single domain pyrrhotite. The most likely source of detrital pyrrhotite is schist country rock fragments from the inferred tephra ring created by the phreatomagmatic eruption that formed the maar. Variations in magnetic mineral concentration indicate a decrease in erosional input throughout the depositional period, suggesting long‐term (tens of thousands of years) environmental change in New Zealand in the latest Oligocene/earliest Miocene.
High‐latitude ionospheric drivers and their effects on wind patterns in the thermosphere
Authors: Liuzzo L. R. , Ridley A. J. , Perlongo N. J. , Mitchell E. J. , Conde M. , Hampton D. L. , Bristow W. A. , Nicolls M. J. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWinds in the thermosphere are highly important for transporting mass, momentum, and energy over the globe. In the high‐latitude region, observations show that ion and neutral motions are strongly coupled when the aurora is present but the coupling is less evident when there is no aurora. In this study, we investigate the ability of the Global Ionosphere‐Thermosphere Model (GITM) to simulate the mesoscale wind structure over Alaska during a substorm. Thirteen distinct numerical simulations of a substorm event that occurred between 02:00 and 17:00 Universal Time on 24 November 2012 have been performed. Distinct drivers considered include the Weimer and SuperDARN potential patterns and the OVATION Prime and OVATION‐SME auroral models. The effects of the boundary between the neutral wind dynamo calculation and the high‐latitude imposed electric potential were also considered. Neutral wind velocities and thermospheric temperatures measured by the Scanning Doppler Imager instruments located at three locations in Alaska were compared to GITM simulation results, and electron densities within GITM were compared to data from the Poker Flat Incoherent Scatter Radar. It was found that the different drivers used between multiple simulations lead to various amounts of momentum coupling within the simulation, affecting the accuracy of the modeled neutral and ion flow patterns and the strength of electron precipitation at high latitudes. This affirms that better observations of auroral precipitation and electric fields are required to accurately understand and consistently reproduce the mesoscale neutral wind flow patterns and temperature structure in the high‐latitude thermosphere.
High‐latitude ionospheric equivalent currents during strong space storms: Regional perspective
Authors: Juusola L. , Viljanen A. , van de Kamp M. , Tanskanen E. I. , Vanhamäki H. , Partamies N. , Kauristie K. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractGeomagnetically induced currents (GIC) are a space weather phenomenon that can interfere with power transmission and even cause blackouts. The primary drivers of GIC can be represented as ionospheric equivalent currents. We used International Monitor for Auroral Geomagnetic Effects (IMAGE) magnetometer data from 1994–2013 to analyze the extreme behavior of the time derivative of the equivalent current density (|ΔJeq|/Δt) together with the occurrence of modeled GIC in the European high‐voltage power grids (1996–2008). Typically, when intense |ΔJeq|/Δt occurred, geomagnetic activity extended to latitudes <60°, Kp ≥ 8, and modeling suggested large GIC in the European high‐voltage power grids. Intense, although short‐lived, |ΔJeq|/Δt also occurred when geomagnetic activity was confined to latitudes >60°. In such cases, typically 5≤Kp<8, and modeling suggested that there were no large GIC in the European high‐voltage power grids. Intense |ΔJeq|/Δt and GIC occurred preferentially before midnight or at dawn and were rare after noon. There was a seasonal peak in October and a minimum around midsummer. Intense |ΔJeq|/Δt and GIC occurred preferentially in the declining phase of the solar cycle and were rare around solar minima. A longer perspective (1975–2013) was obtained by comparison with the time derivative of the magnetic field from the IMAGE station Nurmijärvi (NUR, MLAT ∼57°). NUR data indicated that the quietness of summer months may have been due to a coincidental lack of intense storms during the shorter period. NUR data agreed with the increased activity in the declining phase but demonstrated that extreme events could also occur during solar minima.
DNA‐Schalter: Grundlagen und Anwendungen
Authors: Wang Fuan , Liu Xiaoqing , Willner Itamar 
Published: December 2014

AbstractDie Basensequenz der Nukleinsäuren verschlüsselt strukturelle und funktionelle Eigenschaften in einem Biopolymer. Strukturelle Informationen beinhalten die Bildung von Duplexen, G‐Quadruplexen, i‐Motiven und kooperativ stabilisierten Anordnungen. Funktionelle Informationen betreffen z. B. den Prozess der Strangverdrängung, Erkennungseigenschaften von Aptameren und die katalytische Funktion von DNAzymen. Dieser Aufsatz befasst sich mit der Implementierung der in Nukleinsäuren kodierten Informationen zur Entwicklung von DNA‐Schaltern. Ein DNA‐Schalter ist eine supramolekulare Nukleinsäureanordnung, die in Gegenwart geeigneter Auslöser und Gegenauslöser wie pH, Metallionen/Liganden, photonischen und elektrischen Stimuli zyklische, schaltbare Übergänge zwischen zwei Zuständen eingeht. Anwendungen von schaltbaren DNA‐Systemen umfassen maßgeschneiderte DNA‐Hydrogele für die kontrollierte Wirkstofffreisetzung und die Aktivierung schaltbarer Enzymkaskaden.
Durch Schwarzkörperstrahlung angetriebene chemische Reaktivität auf Metallclustern in der Gasphase
Authors: Parry Imogen S. , Kartouzian Aras , Hamilton Suzanne M. , Balaj O. Petru , Beyer Martin K. , Mackenzie Stuart R. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractChemische Reaktionen in Rhn(N2O)m+‐Komplexen in der Gasphase wurden beobachtet, die durch Absorption von Schwarzkörperstrahlung angetrieben werden. Die Experimente wurden unter stoßfreien Bedingungen in einem Fourier‐Transformations‐Ionenzyklotronresonanz(FT‐ICR)‐Massenspektrometer durchgeführt. Die Absorption von Strahlung des mittleren Infrarotbereichs durch die in molekularer Form gebundenen N2O‐Einheiten ermöglicht einem kleinen Anteil der Clusterverteilung, N2O zu zersetzen. Dabei entstehen Clusteroxide, und molekularer Stickstoff wird freigesetzt. Die Zersetzung von N2O konkurriert mit der Desorption der Moleküle. Die Verzweigungsverhältnisse der beiden Prozesse zeigen deutliche Größeneffekte, die Unterschiede in den relativen Barrieren widerspiegeln. Die Geschwindigkeitskonstante des Zerfalls nimmt annähernd linear mit der Anzahl der Infrarotchromophore zu. Die experimentellen Ergebnisse werden mithilfe von berechneten Infrarotabsorptionsraten interpretiert.