bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation of temperature increase rate in the Northern Hemisphere according to latitude, longitude and altitude: the Turkey example
Authors: Şevgin Fatih , Öztürk Ali 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGlobal climate change notably influences meteorological variables such as temperature, affecting regions and countries worldwide. In this study, monthly average temperature data spanning 73 years (1950–2022) were analyzed for 28 stations in the city centers across seven regions of Turkey. The station warming rates (SWR) were calculated for selected stations and the overall country using Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) and Least Square Polynomial Fit (LSPF) methods. The temperature trend in Turkey exhibited a decline until the late 1970s, followed by a continuous rise due to global warming. Between 1980 and 2022, the average SWR in Turkey was found to be 0.52 °C/decade. The SWR was determined to be the lowest in Antakya (0.28 °C/decade) and the highest in Erzincan (0.69 °C/decade). The relationship between SWR and latitude, longitude, altitude, and distance to Null Island (D2NI) was explored through linear regression analysis. Altitude and D2NI were found to be the most significant variables, influencing the SWR. For altitude, the correlation coefficient (R) was 0.39 with a statistically significant value (p) of 0.039. For D2NI, R, and p values were 0.39 and 0.038, respectively. Furthermore, in the multiple regression analysis involving altitude and D2NI, R and p values were determined to be 0.50 and 0.029, respectively. Furthermore, the collinearity analysis indicates no collinearity between altitude and D2NI, suggesting that their effects are separated in the multiple regression.
Evaluation of filler activation for sustainable FRP composite by studying properties, mechanism, and stability
Authors: Naguib Hamdy M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe aim is to develop new fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) water pipe by activating fiber glass (FG) by vinyltriethoxysilane (VS) getting vinylsilane-activated FG (AFG) for filling vinylester (VE) via continuous winding to make a novel VE-AFG composite. The novelty of this work is the activation of fiber glass by vinylsilane as a single filler in vinylester and compounding them via a two-dimensional continuous winding process for the first time. The crosslinking occurred in the AFG/VE/curing agent system after activation. The activated composites increased thermal stability; 25% VE-AGF increased the degradation temperatures at 10%, 25%, and 50% weight loss by 73.3%, 10%, and 7.2%. With the activated 20% composite, values of axial strength, hoop strength, and hardness were developed by 6.3%, 2%, and 8.7%, respectively. The decay resistance to different microorganisms was increased with VE-AFG composites as a result of a sharp decrease in biodegradability percentages. The activated composites are stable toward water absorption; the least percentage was recorded by 25% VE-AFG, which minimized the water absorptivity by more than 62%. The reported characterization sentence approves enhancement of thermal, physical, and mechanical stability of sustainable vinylester-fiber glass composites manufactured by continuous winding; this is recommended for application in water pipe systems.
Clinical relevance of critical plasma homocysteine levels in predicting rupture risk for small and medium-sized intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Lu Wang , Shiwei Yan , Aimin Li , Kang Xie 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPlasma homocysteine (Hcy) has been globally recognized as an independent risk factor for various neurovascular diseases. In this study, the authors investigated the relationship between critical Hcy concentration and the risk of rupture in intracranial aneurysms (IAs). This study collected data from 423 patients with both ruptured and unruptured IAs. We compared demographic data, vascular rupture risk factors, and laboratory test results between the two groups. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to determine the correlation between critical plasma Hcy levels and the risk of rupture in small to medium-sized IAs. A total of 330 cases of ruptured intracranial aneurysms (RIA) and 93 cases of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIA) were included. Univariate analysis revealed statistically significant differences between the ruptured and unruptured groups in terms of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, plasma Hcy levels, and IA morphology (all P < 0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that hypertension (odds ratio [OR] 0.504; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.279–0.911; P = 0.023), hyperlipidemia (OR 1.924; 95% CI 1.079–3.429; P = 0.027), and plasma Hcy levels (OR 1.420; 95% CI 1.277–1.578; P < 0.001) were independently associated with the rupture of small to medium-sized IAs, all with statistical significance (P < 0.05). Our study suggests that critical plasma Hcy levels are an independent risk factor for increased rupture risk in small to medium-sized intracranial aneurysms. Therefore, reducing plasma Hcy levels may be considered a valuable strategy to mitigate the risk of intracranial vascular abnormalities rupture and improve patient prognosis.
Synthesis and preclinical testing of a selective beta-subtype agonist of thyroid hormone receptor ZTA-261
Authors: Nambo Masakazu , Nishiwaki-Ohkawa Taeko , Ito Akihiro , Ariki Zachary T. , Ito Yuka , Kato Yuuki , Yar Muhammad , Yim Jacky C. -H. , Kim Emily , Sharkey Elizabeth , Kano Keiko , Mishiro-Sato Emi , Okimura Kosuke , Maruyama Michiyo , Ota Wataru , Furukawa Yuko , Nakayama Tomoya , Kobayashi Misato , Horio Fumihiko , Sato Ayato , Crudden Cathleen M. , Yoshimura Takashi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Thyroid hormones (TH) regulate the basal metabolic rate through their receptors THRα and THRβ. TH activates lipid metabolism via THRβ, however, an excess amount of TH can lead to tachycardia, bone loss, and muscle wasting through THRα. In recent years, TH analogs that selectively bind to THRβ have gained attention as new agents for treating dyslipidemia and obesity, which continue to pose major challenges to public health worldwide.

Methods
We developed a TH analog, ZTA-261, by modifying the existing THRβ-selective agonists GC-1 and GC-24. To determine the THRβ-selectivity of ZTA-261, an in vitro radiolabeled TH displacement assay was conducted. ZTA-261 was intraperitoneally injected into a mouse model of high-fat diet-induced obesity, and its effectiveness in reducing body weight and visceral fat, and improving lipid metabolism was assessed. In addition, its toxicity in the liver, heart, and bone was evaluated.

Results
ZTA-261 is more selective towards THRβ than GC-1. Although ZTA-261 is less effective in reducing body weight and visceral fat than GC-1, it is as effective as GC-1 in reducing the levels of serum and liver lipids. These effects are mediated by the same pathway as that of T3, a natural TH, as evidenced by similar changes in the expression of TH-induced and lipid metabolism-related genes. The bone, cardiac, and hepatotoxicity of ZTA-261 are significantly lower than those of GC-1.

Conclusions
ZTA-261, a highly selective and less toxic THRβ agonist, has the potential to be used as a drug for treating diseases related to lipid metabolism.
RNAseq readcount files for untreated and treated juveniles
Authors: Hammer Michael F , Bahramnejad Erfan , Watkins Joseph C. , T. Ronaldson Patrick 
Published: August 2024

<ul>
<li>Epilepsy is a common neurological disease; however, few if any of the currently marketed antiseizure medications prevent or cure epilepsy. Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) represent a promising strategy to treat the numerous detrimental consequences of epileptogenesis.</li>
<li>Scn8a pathology mimics the known effects of angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R) overstimulation and thus, blocking AT1R activation has potential therapeutic value in this model and other neurological disorders with similar pathological features. </li>
<li>Results of testing candesartan, an FDA-approved ARB indicated for hypertension in pediatric patients older than 1 year, on this transgenic Scn8a mouse model yield strong evidence for its efficacy and support its use in clinical trials for children with SCN8A-related epilepsy </li>
</ul><p></p>
The Quality of Life in Patients with Familial Mediterranean Fever and
Their Parents Perception
Authors: Ensari Esra , Akyol Onder Esra Nagehan , Bilac Oznur , Ertan Pelin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a chronic disease
characterized by recurrent episodes of fever and polyserositis. This study aimed
to assess children’s quality of life (QoL), as reported by children and their
parents, and to compare the results according to clinical variables.
Material and Methods The study examined 107 children with FMF, evaluating
their demographic and genetic data, utilizing the Pediatric Quality of Life
Inventory (PedsQL) to assess QoL, and comparing scores based on disease
severity.
Results The severity of FMF is inversely correlated with QoL scores, with
mild cases having the highest scores (97±4), followed by moderate (76±11) and
severe cases (52±10.3) (p<0,001). Disease severity, treatment adherence,
healthcare utilization, genetic mutations, family income, and maternal age at
birth all significantly impact perceived quality of life in FMF patients
(p<0,001). Additionally, parents reported lower QoL for children with FMF who
experienced various adverse factors such as low family income, household
smoking, frequent attacks, hospitalizations, irregular medication use, and low
maternal education levels (p<0,001).
Conclusion Children’s daily activities, academic performance, and family
functioning are all significantly impacted by FMF. Physicians caring for
patients with FMF should be aware of the QoL changes in the management of these
patients. As a result, medical therapy, patient education, and indicators of
psychological and social support can all be offered more effectively.
Cryogen-free modular scanning tunneling microscope operating at 4-K in high magnetic field on a compact ultra-high vacuum platform
Authors: Coe Angela M. , Li Guohong , Andrei Eva Y. 
Published: August 2024

One of the daunting challenges in modern low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) is the difficulty of combining atomic resolution with cryogen-free cooling. Further functionality needs, such as ultra-high vacuum (UHV), high magnetic field (HF), and compatibility with μm-sized samples, pose additional challenges to an already ambitious build. We present the design, construction, and performance of a cryogen-free, UHV, low temperature, and high magnetic field system for modular STM operation. An internal vibration isolator reduces vibrations in this system, allowing for atomic resolution STM imaging while maintaining a low base temperature of ∼4 K and magnetic fields up to 9 T. Samples and tips can be conditioned in situ utilizing a heating stage, an ion sputtering gun, an e-beam evaporator, a tip treater, and sample exfoliation. In situ sample and tip exchange and alignment are performed in a connected UHV room temperature stage with optical access. Multisite operation without breaking vacuum is enabled by a unique quick-connect STM head design. A novel low-profile vertical transfer mechanism permits transferring the STM between room temperature and the low temperature cryostat.
A comprehensive study on three typical photoacid generators using photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio calculations
Authors: Jiang Yanrong , Cao Wenjin , Hu Zhubin , Yue Zhongyao , Bai Chunyuan , Li Ruxin , Liu Zhi , Wang Xue-Bin , Peng Peng 
Published: August 2024

Conducting a comprehensive molecular-level evaluation of a photoacid generator (PAG) and its subsequent impact on lithography performance can facilitate the rational design of a promising 193 nm photoresist tailored to specific requirements. In this study, we integrated spectroscopy and computational techniques to meticulously investigate the pivotal factors of three prototypical PAG anions, p-toluenesulfonate (pTS−), 2-(trifluoromethyl)benzene-1-sulfonate (TFMBS−), and triflate (TF−), in the lithography process. Our findings reveal a significant redshift in the absorption spectra caused by specific PAG anions, attributed to their involvement in electronic transition processes, thereby enhancing the transparency of the standard PAG cation, triphenylsulfonium (TPS+), particularly at ∼193 nm. Furthermore, the electronic stability of PAG anions can be enhanced by solvent effects with varying degrees of strength. We observed the lowest vertical detachment energy of 6.6 eV of pTS− in PGMEA solution based on the polarizable continuum model, which prevents anion loss at 193 nm lithography. In addition, our findings indicate gas-phase proton affinity values of 316.4 kcal/mol for pTS−, 308.1 kcal/mol for TFMBS−, and 303.2 kcal/mol for TF−, which suggest the increasing acidity strength, yet even the weakest acid pTS− is still stronger than strong acid HBr. The photolysis of TPS+-based PAG, TPS+·pTS−, generated an excited state leading to homolysis bond cleavage with the lowest reaction energy of 83 kcal/mol. Overall, the PAG anion pTS− displayed moderate acidity, possessed the lowest photolysis reaction energy, and demonstrated an appropriate redshift. These properties collectively render it a promising candidate for an effective acid producer.
A note on the junction conditions in

f
(

Q

)

-gravity
Authors: Vignolo Stefano , Esposito Fabrizio , Carloni Sante 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Using the notion of distribution-valued tensor, we discuss the junction conditions within the framework of

f
(

Q

)

-gravity. We obtain the necessary and sufficient conditions for two distinct solutions of the field equations to be smoothly joined on a given separation hypersurface.
A review on optical characterization of refractive index in photonic related devices and applications
Authors: Zhou Yan , Cao Zizheng , Yu Shaohua 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
As one of the most important optical properties of a material, refractive index (RI) and its spatial distribution play important roles in managing the performances of photonic structures and devices. The capability to accurately and reliably characterize RI can be crucial for precise control of specifications of photonic devices, and is required in diverse scenarios, ranging from material inspections, processing controls and device stage characterizations. In this review, we discuss a variety of optical characterization techniques for RI profiling and measurements, leveraging optical interference contrast effects, phase-shifting effects, as well as spectroscopic responses in reflectometric and ellipsometric manners. In addition, we give a quick account of recent progress on these techniques empowered by advanced data treatments.
A novel method for measuring three-axis dynamic centrifugal acceleration field: the matrix transformation method
Authors: Zhou Bang-zhao , Ou Feng , Niu Bao-liang , Yang Min , Mao Yong-jian , Yuan Biao 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
When a three-axis dynamic centrifuge is used to test the performance of inertial equipment (accelerometer, gyroscope, gyro-accelerometer, etc), accurate estimating of the acceleration at the sensing position of the tested sensors is a key step. To solve the problem of the lack of relevant suitable methods, first, the principle of rigid body kinematics is used to prove that the acceleration of each point on a rigid body changes linearly with respect to the position. Subsequently, a matrix transformation method for accurately measuring the acceleration field on the three-axis dynamic centrifuge is presented. In this method, the distribution law (expressed by a 3 × 3 matrix) of the acceleration field is calculated based on the measured acceleration at multiple positions. After that the acceleration estimation value at any point on the centrifuge can be calculated. Finally, the uncertainty of the estimated acceleration value is analyzed, and a verification experiment is carried out. The results show that the accuracy of this method is mainly limited by the accuracy of the acceleration measurements. The preliminary verification experiment system shows that the mean deviation of the estimated value error obtained by this method is less than 0.024 g, the standard uncertainty is less than 0.015 g, the left and right endpoints of the 95% probability inclusion interval are less than −0.026 g and 0.036 g, respectively, and the half width of the interval is less than 0.028 g. In all, this paper provides a powerful tool for examining the precision performance of inertial equipment on a three-axis dynamic centrifuge, and can also be used for calibration of this kind of centrifuge.
FC-YOLO: an aircraft skin defect detection algorithm based on multi-scale collaborative feature fusion
Authors: Zhang Wei , Liu Jiyuan , Yan Zhiqi , Zhao Minghang , Fu Xuyun , Zhu Hengjia 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Aircraft skin defects pose a threat to the safety and airworthiness of the aircraft. The front line of engineering has requirements of high precision and stable defect detection, which cannot be met by existing deep learning methods, due to conflicting information between multi-scale features. Herein, a Fine-Coordinated YOLO (FC-YOLO) algorithm is proposed to detect aircraft skin defects. Firstly, the ELAN-C module with Coordinate & Channel Attention mechanism is applied to the backbone network to enhance multi-scale detection precision. Secondly, the Adaptive-Path Aggregation Network structure is proposed to make features containing more information by adding a shortcut weighted by the Adaptively Spatial Feature Fusion (ASFF) module. The ASFF adaptively allocates the weights of features with different sizes to reduce the inconsistency of features between different levels during feature fusion to improve detection precision. Finally, the SCYLLA-IoU loss function is introduced to calculate the directional loss between the bounding box and the ground truth box to elevate the stability of the training. Experiments are executed with a self-constructed ASD-DET dataset and the public NEU-DET dataset. Results show that the mAP of FC-YOLO is improved by 3.1% and 2.7% compared to that of the original YOLOv7 on the ASD-DET dataset and the NEU-DET dataset. In addition, on the ASD-DET dataset and NEU-DET dataset, the mAP of FC-YOLO was higher than that of YOLOv8, RT-DETR by 1.4%, 1.6% and 2.2%, 3.8%, respectively. By which, it is shown that the proposed FC-YOLO algorithm is promising for the future automatic visual inspection of aircraft skin.
Faulty feeder selection method for high impedance grounding fault in resonant grounding system based on discrete Fréchet distance
Authors: Xu Honglu , Zhang Xinhui , Sun Haoyue , Wang Fuqian , Zhu Jiaxi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
When a high impedance fault (HIF) occurs in a resonant grounding system, the electrical signal is weak and the current distinction between the faulty feeder and non-faulty feeder is inconspicuous. To address this issue, this paper proposes a faulty feeder selection method based on discrete Fréchet distance (DFD). Firstly, the instantaneous value of the zero-sequence current flowing through each sampling point, along with the instantaneous values at its previous sampling moment, is accumulated to enhance the fault signal, and furthermore to magnify the distinction in the amplitude of the accumulated waveforms of zero-sequence current between the faulty feeder and non-faulty feeder. Then, the DFD of the accumulated waveforms of the zero-sequence current for each feeder is calculated, and the Fréchet distance matrix is established to acquire the average DFD (ADFD) value of the accumulated waveform for each feeder. Finally, the relative DFD (RDFD) value is defined as a criterion to distinguish the bus fault from the feeder fault according to the values of the two feeders with the maximum ADFD value and the minimum ADFD value. If the RDFD value is negative, it is identified as a bus fault, otherwise, the feeder corresponding to the maximum ADFD value is identified as a faulty feeder. MATLAB/Simulink simulation results and field measurement data show that the proposed method is not affected by various fault conditions, and the accuracy and reliability in faulty feeder selection are high when detecting an HIF, with good applicability.
On the intrusiveness of phosphor thermometry for metal surface temperature measurements in reciprocating engines: an experimental and heat conduction modeling study
Authors: Witkowski Dustin , Amezcua Eri R , Rothamer David A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Lifetime-based phosphor thermometry has been applied in a wide variety of surface temperature measurement applications due to its relative ease of implementation and robustness to background interference when compared to other optical temperature measurement methods. It is often assumed that the technique is minimally intrusive if the thickness of the applied phosphor coating is

<

20 µm. To evaluate this assumption, high-speed phosphor surface temperature measurements along with high-speed thermocouple measurements were performed on 4140 steel substrates installed in the cylinder head of an optically-accessible reciprocating internal-combustion engine for four different operating conditions. For phosphor thermometry measurements, four substrates were studied, each coated with a phosphor layer of different thickness ranging between 6 µm and 47 µm. The phosphor thermometry measured temperature swings during combustion were shown to be heavily impacted by the presence of the phosphor coatings, increasing by roughly a factor of 2–2.5 when increasing the thickness from 6 µm to 30 µm. A technique was implemented which utilizes the temperature data in combination with a heat conduction model to provide estimates of the temperature swing and heat flux in the absence of the phosphor coating. It was shown that even the 6 µm phosphor coating could lead to an order of magnitude increase in the temperature swing relative to the uncoated 4140 steel substrate, highlighting the significant impact of the phosphor coating. Despite the intrusiveness of phosphor thermometry for the surface temperature measurements, reasonable agreement was demonstrated between heat flux estimates determined with the heat transfer modeling technique and those deduced from temperature-swing measurements using two different high-speed thermocouples. The results indicate that phosphor surface thermometry can be a reliable surface temperature and heat flux diagnostic for transient high heat flux environments, as long as proper care is taken to account for the impact of the phosphor layer on the measurement.
Theoretical concept of error-rejecting entanglement purification of quantum-dots electronic spins in single-sided optical microcavity
Authors: Wang Jingyao , Wang Xin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We use the quantum-dots (QD) coupled with single-sided microcavities system to construct the error-rejecting controlled not (CNOT) gate of electronic spins system in QD; We have designed an error-rejecting entanglement purification protocol (EPP) of electronic spins system in QD by using the error-rejecting CNOT gate and unitary operation. It can extract the high entanglement from the mixed entanglement states of the electronic spins with low entangled states. This EPP can eliminate the operation errors caused by the nonideal interaction between photons and QD coupled with optical microcavities system, and improve the fidelity of the EPP through iteration. Our scheme is more practical in future long-distance quantum communications, especially providing significant benefits for solving decoherence problems in quantum networks and quantum repeaters.