bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential Reduction of Interstitial Myocardial Fibrosis With Renal Denervation
Authors: Doltra Adelina , Messroghli Daniel , Stawowy Philipp , Hassel Jan‐Hendrik , Gebker Rolf , Leppänen Olli , Gräfe Michael , Schneeweis Christopher , Schnackenburg Bernhard , Fleck Eckart , Kelle Sebastian 
Published: December 2014

Background

Hypertensive cardiomyopathy is characterized by myocyte hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis. The effects of renal denervation (
RD
) on the heart are poorly understood. New magnetic resonance imaging techniques (extracellular volume fraction) permit the quantitative assessment of myocardial fibrosis. Our aim was to study the effects of
RD
on myocardial fibrosis.

Methods and Results

Twenty‐three patients with resistant hypertension undergoing
RD
and 5 resistant hypertensive controls were prospectively included. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging at 1.5 T was performed before
RD
and at 6‐month follow‐up. Indexed left ventricular mass, septal extracellular volume fraction, and indexed absolute extracellular volume (a quantitative measure of extracellular matrix) were quantified. All data are reported as mean±SD deviation (median). Decreases in systolic (161.96±19.09 [160] versus 144.78±16.48 [143] mm Hg,
P
<0.0001) and diastolic (85.61±12.88 [83] versus 80.39±11.93 [81] mm Hg,
P
=0.018) blood pressures and in indexed left ventricular mass (41.83±10.20 [41.59] versus 37.72±7.44 [38.49] g/m
1.7
,
P
=0.001) were observed at follow‐up only in
RD
patients. No significant differences in extracellular volume were found (26.24±3.92% [26.06%] versus 25.74±4.53% [25.63%],
P
=0.605). A significant decrease in absolute extracellular volume was observed after 6 months in
RD
patients exclusively (10.36±2.25 [10.79] versus 9.25±2.38 [9.79] mL/m
1.7
,
P
=0.031). This effect was observed independently of blood pressure reduction.

Conclusions

RD
significantly decreases left ventricular mass, while extracellular volume remains stable. Our results suggest that the observed left ventricular mass decrease was due not exclusively to a reversion of myocyte hypertrophy but also to an additional reduction in collagen content, indicating interstitial myocardial fibrosis.
High-Dose Simvastatin for Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Wong George K.C. , Chan David Y.C. , Siu Deyond Y.W. , Zee Benny C.Y. , Poon Wai S. , Chan Matthew T.V. , Gin Tony , Leung Michael , Zhu X.L. , Liang M. , Tan H.B. , Lee M.W. , Wong C.K. , Chan T.K. , Po Y.C. , Woo P.Y. , Chan K.Y. 
Published: December 2014

Background and Purpose—
Experimental evidence has indicated the benefits of simvastatin for the treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Two randomized placebo-controlled pilot trials that used the highest clinically approved dose of simvastatin (80 mg daily) gave positive results despite the fact that a lower dose of simvastatin (40 mg daily) did not improve clinical outcomes. We hypothesized that a high dose of 80 mg of simvastatin daily for 3 weeks would reduce the incidence of delayed ischemic deficits after subarachnoid hemorrhage compared with a lower dose (40 mg of simvastatin daily) and lead to improved clinical outcomes.

Methods—
The study design was a randomized controlled double-blinded clinical trial. Patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (presenting within 96 hours of the ictus) from 6 neurosurgical centers were recruited for 3 years. The primary outcome measure was the presence of delayed ischemic deficits, and secondary outcome measures included a modified Rankin disability score at 3 months and an analysis of cost-effectiveness.

Results—

No difference was observed between the groups treated with the higher dose or the lower dose of simvastatin in the incidence of delayed ischemic deficits (27% versus 24%; odds ratio, 1.2; 95% confidence interval, 0.7–2.0;
P
=0.586) or in the rate of favorable outcomes (modified Rankin Scale score, 0–2) at 3 months (73% versus 72%; odds ratio, 1.1; 95% confidence interval, 0.6–1.9;
P
=0.770).

Conclusions—
High-dose simvastatin treatment should not be prescribed routinely for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01077206.
Community-Based Case–Control Study of Childhood Stroke Risk Associated With Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Fox Christine K. , Sidney Stephen , Fullerton Heather J. 
Published: December 2014

Background and Purpose—
A better understanding of the stroke risk factors in children with congenital heart disease (CHD) could inform stroke prevention strategies. We analyzed pediatric stroke associated with CHD in a large community-based case–control study.

Methods—
From 2.5 million children (aged <20 years) enrolled in a Northern California integrated healthcare plan, we identified children with ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes and randomly selected age- and facility-matched stroke-free controls (3 per case). We determined exposure to CHD (diagnosed before stroke) and used conditional logistic regression to analyze stroke risk factors.

Results—
CHD was identified in 15 of 412 cases (4%) versus 7 of 1236 controls (0.6%). Cases of childhood stroke (occurring between ages 29 days to 20 years) with CHD had 19-fold (odds ratio, 19; 95% confidence interval 4.2–83) increased stroke risk compared to controls. History of CHD surgery was associated with >30-fold (odds ratio, 31; confidence interval 4–241) increased risk of stroke in children with CHD when compared with controls. After excluding perioperative strokes, the history of CHD surgery still increased the childhood stroke risk (odds ratio, 13; confidence interval 1.5–114). The majority of children with stroke and CHD were outpatients at the time of stroke, and almost half the cases who underwent cardiac surgery had their stroke >5 years after the most recent procedure. An estimated 7% of ischemic and 2% of hemorrhagic childhood strokes in the population were attributable to CHD.

Conclusions—
CHD is an important childhood stroke risk factor. Children who undergo CHD surgery remain at elevated risk outside the perioperative period and would benefit from optimized long-term stroke prevention strategies.
Tall Tales
Authors: Helle Merete 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
‘Tall Tales’ consists of a series of fictional, modular narratives that accompanied artefacts shown at the Danish prehistory exhibition in the Danish National Museum, during the summer of 2012. The exhibition built on Merete Helle’s study of archaeology and on the Museum’s attempts to interpret artefacts by constructing fictional narratives about them. These photographs and texts document how Helle’s humorous narratives question the interpretative language used in museum exhibitions.
The lengthened grade in Germanic hypocoristica
Authors: Lühr Rosemarie 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
In Germanic a group of nouns belonging to the n-stems display a long *ē followed by geminate voiced stops, MHG tāpe ‘paw’ (*dēbban-), OHG tāpe, MHG hā(c)ke ‘hook’ (*hēggan-), OHG chrācco ‘uncinus: barb, fuscina: trident’ (*krēggan-), OHG chrāppo ‘aspidius, uncinus: barb’ (*krēbban-), MHG snācke snōcke ‘midge’ (*snēggan-). While Kluge explained geminate voiceless stops as lengthening before *n, he attributed geminate voiced stops to analogy. But the investigation about whether geminate voiceless stops are allowed following long vowels in Proto-Germanic reveals that Kluge’s opinion is indefensible. As sound symbolism and expressivity are present in the Germanic lexicon, it is assumed that mental phenomena caused these sounds. In this regard the status of the long *ē will be clarified. It is postulated that the long vowels in front of geminate voiced stops have the function of reinforcing expressivity by creating this phonetically odd mixture.
RET Cys634Arg mutation confers a more aggressive multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A phenotype than Cys634Tyr mutation
Authors: Valdés Nuria , Navarro Elena , Mesa Jordi , Casterás Anna , Alcázar Victoria , Lamas Cristina , Tébar Javier , Castaño Luis , Gaztambide Sonia , Forga Lluís 
Published: December 2014

ObjectiveSpecific germline mutations in the RET proto-oncogene are correlated with clinical features in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A); however, data are scarce regarding differences in clinical profiles dependent on the type of nucleotide and amino acid substitution at the same codon. We aimed to analyse differences in clinical risk profiles and outcomes among different amino acids encoded by codon 634.DesignThe study was retrospective and multicentric.MethodsWe collected data included in the Spanish Online National Database from patients with MEN2A carrying a RET proto-oncogene mutation on codon 634. The mean follow-up time was 7.6±6.9 years (1–32).ResultsPatients (n=173) from 49 unrelated families were C634Y carriers, and 26 patients from eight different families had C634R mutation. We found higher penetrance of medullary thyroid carcinoma, phaeochromocytoma and hyperparathyroidism (P<0.001, P=0.007 and P<0.001 respectively) in C634R carriers than in C634Y carriers. The Kaplan–Meier estimate of cumulative lymph node and distant metastases rates showed that these events occurred earlier in patients harbouring the C634R mutation (P<0.001). A multivariate adjusted Cox regression analysis indicated that the C634R mutation was an independent factor for persistent/recurrent disease (hazard ratio, 3.17; 95% CI: 1.66–6.03; P<0.001).ConclusionsOur results suggest that there could be clinical differences caused by different amino acid substitutions at codon 634; specifically, the C634R mutation was associated with a more aggressive MEN2A phenotype than the C634Y mutation.
Nitrogen budget in the Upper Mississippi River watershed
Authors: Carey Anne E. , Lyons W. Berry , Bonzongo Jean-Claude , Lehrter John C. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Nitrogen budget calculations performed for highflow and low-flow years in the major sub-basins of the Upper Mississippi River watershed show differences in nitrogen applications and discharges. Nitrogen budgets show that fertilizer is the most important input of nitrogen to the basins, but also show that atmospheric input and animal manures can be significant inputs of nitrogen to the basins. The transport of nitrogen from the land to rivers varies with the prevailing hydrologic conditions. The annual nitrogen budgets are not balanced. In years of high precipitation and river discharge, more nitrogen can be removed than had been applied that year, presumably from N stored in the soil or ground water. Storage of nitrogen in soils is a major unknown in the model, but calculations suggest that it is a significant reservoir of N.
Semen Parameters of Fertile Men Attending Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital
Authors: Lamichhane B , Baral J R , Manandhar R , Shrestha A 
Published: December 2014

Aims: This study was done to analyze the semen parameters of fertile Nepalese men with a known time to pregnancy of less than or equal to 12 months and to compare the values obtained with the newer reference limit of WHO, 2010.Methods: A hospital based prospective cross- sectional study was conducted at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, from 15th April 2012 – 15th April 2013. Sixty fertile men with a known time to pregnancy (TTP) ≤ 12 months were included in the study and semen collection and analysis done at the laboratory of Department of Pathology. Results: The following one-sided reference limits, the fifth centile (with 95th percent confidence interval), were generated: semen volume, 1.0 ml (0.8-1.2); total sperm number, 25 million per ejaculate (11-39); sperm concentration, 10 million per ml (5-15); progressive motility, 15% (10-20); total (progressive plus non-progressive motility) motility, 30% (25 -35); vitality 50% (46-54); morphologically normal form, 99% (99.3- 99.4). Conclusions: The study concluded that only a single semen parameter cannot be conclusive of fertility, therefore combination of all semen parameters is more predictive. In addition the study also concluded that the semen parameters of Nepalese fertile men were found lower as compared to reference limits of WHO. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v9i2.11772
Influence of debris cover and altitude on glacier surface melting: a case study on Dokriani Glacier, central Himalaya, India
Authors: Pratap Bhanu , Dobhal D.P. , Mehta Manish , Bhambri Rakesh 
Published: December 2014

AbstractMost of the central Himalayan glaciers have surface debris layers of variable thickness, which greatly affect the ablation rate. An attempt has been made to relate debris-cover thickness to glacier surface melting. Thirty stakes were used to calculate ablation for debris-covered and clean ice of Dokriani Glacier (7 km2) from 2009/10 to 2012/13. Our study revealed significant altitude-wise difference in the rate of clean and debris-covered ice melting. We found a high correlation (R2 = 0.92) between mean annual clean-ice ablation and altitude, and a very low correlation (R2 = 0.14) between debris-covered ice melting and altitude. Debris-covered ice ablation varies with variation in debris thickness from 1 to 40 cm; ablation was maximum under debris thicknesses of 1–6 cm and minimum under 40 cm. Even a small debris-cover thickness (1–2 cm) reduces ice melting as compared to that of clean ice on an annual basis. Overall, debris-covered ice ablation during the study period was observed to be 37% less than clean-ice ablation. Strong downwasting was also observed in the Dokriani Glacier ablation area, with average annual ablation of 1.82 m w.e. a–1 in a similar period. Our study suggests that a thinning glacier rapidly becomes debris-covered over the ablation area, reducing the rate of ice loss.
Causalité, déterminisme, interprétation : trois tâches aveugles de la recherche biomédicale
Authors: Falissard Bruno 
Published: December 2014

Les scientifiques tirent la valeur de leurs travaux de la qualité des observations qu’ils réalisent. Ces observations sont des pépites brutes qu’il faut nécessairement travailler pour qu’elles puissent exprimer tout leur potentiel. Ce travail est profondément humain, subjectif, et de ce fait déstabilisant pour le savant vivant dans un fantasme d’une objectivité totale. Ce travail fait appel à des interprétations, qui dans le domaine biomédical, non mathématisé, sont souvent difficiles à discerner des observations elles-mêmes. Ces interprétations convoquent parfois des notions philosophiques ardues comme celle de causalité, les quiproquos sur ce terme sont fréquents. Enfin, concernant le déterminisme des lois de la nature, il existe un clivage méconnu entre les tenants du « bio » et ceux du « médical ».
Théorie des pulsions et anthropologie critique : la légitimation et la légitimité
Authors: Moreau de Bellaing Louis 
Published: December 2014

Complémentairement aux sciences humaines et sociales actuelles, il est nécessaire de créer, par la démarche psychanalytique, des sciences humaines et sociales critiques au sens d’analyse approfondie (histoire, anthropologie, droit, etc.). Cet article s’efforce de montrer que cette tentative est possible et déjà commencée. Abordant une série de concepts : prohibition de l’inceste, sacré, civil, don, sacrifice, autorité, altérité, reconnaissance, réciprocité, identité, l’auteur, faisant droit à la théorie des pulsions freudienne, les articule au pouvoir, à la volonté, au désir et au libre arbitre, implication qui n’exclut pas la distance entre eux. Ainsi sont rendus visibles des processus et des états de légitimation que la sociologie et l’anthropologie classique, non critique, utilisent sans tellement les définir dans une problématique qui demeure le plus souvent plus ou moins positiviste.
Des frontières épistémologiques aux frontières psychiques
Authors: Robert Philippe 
Published: December 2014

La mondialisation ne concerne pas seulement les champs politiques et économiques. Les frontières culturelles et épistémologies sont effractées, voire effacées alors qu’elles doivent être perméables mais sûres. Le risque est alors celui d’une dilution des repères identitaires. Face à ces changements sociétaux, le psychanalyste peut soit se laisser prendre par « l’air du temps », soit se rigidifier dans un dogmatisme réactionnel. Il est lui-même dans une filiation et une appartenance. Il peut ressentir des conflits de loyauté – à l’égard de ses pairs et de ses pères – dont il aurait du mal à se dégager. Il conviendra de ne pas perdre de vue la dimension subversive de la psychanalyse dans son intérêt porté au sens et non à la signification, et à l’interprétation et non au décodage. Les changements, voire les mutations anthropologiques, n’invalident pas la nécessaire invariance du cadre interne de l’analyste.
La normativité démocratique, entre vérité et procédures
Authors: Invernizzi Accetti Carlo 
Published: December 2014

Résumé Cet article aborde la question du fondement philosophique de la normativité démocratique en la reliant à un débat qui a récemment suscité beaucoup d’intérêt à l’intérieur de la théorie politique : celui autour de la possibilité d’une justification « purement procédurale » du principe de majorité. Dans un livre de plus en plus influent, David Estlund a récemment soutenu qu’une telle justification est en fait impossible, et que la théorie de la démocratie doit donc nécessairement faire appel à un critère de légitimité « épistémique », c’est à dire à un principe de vérité normative indépendant des procédures par lesquelles les décisions politiques sont effectivement prises. À travers une analyse des travaux de Hans Kelsen sur le principe de majorité, nous montrons, dans un premier temps, qu’une justification purement procédurale du principe de majorité est en réalité possible, sans aller à l’encontre des objections soulevées par Estlund contre une telle entreprise. Dans un deuxième temps nous montrons ensuite qu’introduire un critère substantif de vérité normative dans le cadre de la théorie de la démocratie pose en réalité plus de problèmes qu’il ne résout, car c’est en contradiction avec les trois principes fondamentaux sur lesquels s’appuie la légitimité démocratique : une idée de liberté comme consentement, une idée d’égalité comme absence de discrimination entre les opinions individuelles et une idée de pluralisme comme reconnaissance de la légitimité propre au conflit politique.
Où en sont les élites administratives en Europe ?
Authors: Rouban Luc 
Published: December 2014

Résumé La crise financière de 2008 comme les politiques de réforme de l’État ont eu pour effet de remettre en cause le statut professionnel et social des hauts fonctionnaires dans les différents pays européens. L’analyse comparative montre qu’il existe un certain nombre de points de convergence dans tous les pays européens. La formation juridique cède du terrain face à la formation en économie ou en gestion. Une différenciation s’est produite au sein de la haute fonction publique entre les cadres dirigeants et les cadres chargés de la gestion quotidienne. Mais les structures sociales de la haute fonction publique n’ont pas beaucoup évolué. La résilience institutionnelle est forte. La crise n’a pas produit un nouveau modèle technocratique de haut fonctionnaire. Elle a plutôt renforcé l’influence du politique.
HIV testing in Lanarkshire
Authors: Acquah RR , Baggott A , McGoldrick C , Kennedy N 
Published: December 2014

Introduction The 2008 UK National Guidelines for HIV testing were designed in order to decrease the proportion of people living with undiagnosed HIV infection. Aims Two audits were conducted. The aim of Audit 1 was to determine the proportion of current medical inpatients with an indicator condition that had been tested for HIV. Audit 2 aimed to identify missed opportunities for testing prior to diagnosis among newly diagnosed individuals with HIV. Methods Audit 1 involved a case note review looking for indicator conditions and HIV testing of all inpatients. Audit 2 analysed the hospital case notes of all new Lanarkshire HIV patients in 2010 for previous missed diagnostic opportunities. Results In Audit 1, 36% (63/174) of medical inpatients had a current indicator condition. Of the total population, 1.7% (3/174) had what would be an AIDSdefining condition if they had a positive HIV test. However, only 11% (7/63) of individuals were appropriately HIV tested. For Audit 2, 64% (9/14) of newly diagnosed individuals had previous missed opportunities for diagnosis. Conclusion Increased education of clinical staff around testing guidelines is needed, as we have demonstrated that the 2008 guidelines are not being adhered to.
Concentración de carbono en Pinus cembroides Zucc: fuente potencial de mitigación delcalentamiento global
Authors: Pompa-García Marín , Yerena-Yamalliel José I. 
Published: December 2014

Los bosques de Pinus cembroides Zucc, usualmente, han sido segregados del aprovechamiento forestal comercial dadas sus desventajas maderables. Sin embargo, esta especie desempeña un papel importante en la biodiversidad de México. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la concentración de carbono (C) en los principales compartimentos de P. cembroides: raíz, corteza, fuste, ramas, yemas y hojas. La concentración de C total expresado como porcentaje de la biomasa fue determinado con el Solids TOC Analyzer. Los resultados se analizaron en un diseño completamente al azar y mediante comparación de medias de Tukey. El análisis indicó que la concentración de C varía entre los componentes (P < 0.05); la yema tuvo el valor más alto (57.1 %), mientras que el fuste y las ramas registraron los valores más bajos (47.7 y 47.8 %, respectivamente). Los resultados contribuyen a mejorar las estimaciones de C y proveen información importante para definir si los bosques de P. cembroides pueden considerarse como una posible fuente con potencial de mitigación ante el cambio climático y así utilizarlos en un programa de secuestro de C.
Poly(vinyl chloride) and poly(ether sulfone)‐g‐poly(ether glycol) methyl ether methacrylate blend membranes with improved ultrafiltration performance and fouling resistance
Authors: Jiang Shuhong , Wang Jun , Wu Jun , Chen Yinchuan 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTTo enhance the permeability, hydrophilicity, and antifouling properties of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) membranes, in this study, poly(ether glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA) was grafted onto poly(ether sulfone) (PES) to first synthesize PES‐g‐PEGMA. Then, PES‐g‐PEGMA was blended with PVC (with blend ratios of PVC/PES‐g‐PEGMA that varied from 10 : 0 to 7 : 3) through the non‐solvent‐induced phase separation method to fabricate PVC/PES‐g‐PEGMA blend membranes. Shear viscosity and Fourier transform infrared–attenuated total reflection experiments showed that PVC/PES‐g‐PEGMA was a partially compatible system and that it was more compatible than a PVC/PES blending system. The contact angle, equilibrium water content, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements confirmed that the PVC/PES‐g‐PEGMA blend membranes had a stronger hydrophilicity than the pure PVC membranes. Additionally, the results of this experiment also show that the PVC/PES‐g‐PEGMA blend membranes exhibited a higher permeability and superior antifouling properties than the pure PVC membranes, and the optimum blend ratio of the PVC/PES‐g‐PEGMA blend membranes was 7 : 3. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41726.