bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sialylation of Campylobacter jejuni Endotoxin Promotes Dendritic Cell–Mediated B Cell Responses through CD14-Dependent Production of IFN-β and TNF-α
Authors: Huizinga Ruth , van Rijs Wouter , Bajramovic Jeffrey J. , Kuijf Mark L. , Laman Jon D. , Samsom Janneke N. , Jacobs Bart C. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is the most common bacterial cause of human gastroenteritis and often precedes development of Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS), a life-threatening paralytic disease. The incorporation of the carbohydrate sialic acid into C. jejuni lipooligosaccharides (LOS) is associated with increased severity of gastroenteritis and with induction of GBS; however, the underlying mechanisms remain completely unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that sialic acids in C. jejuni endotoxin enhance the rapid production of IFN-β and TNF-α by human dendritic cells (DCs). Using neutralizing Abs and receptors it was shown that these DC-derived cytokines promote the proliferation of human mucosal B cells in a T cell–independent manner. The production of both IFN-β and TNF-α by DCs in response to LOS requires CD14, and the amplified response of DCs to sialylated C. jejuni LOS is CD14 dependent. Together, these results indicate that sialylation of C. jejuni LOS increases DC activation and promotes subsequent B cell responses through CD14-driven production of IFN-β and TNF-α. This enhanced DC/B cell response may explain the increased pathogenicity of sialylated C. jejuni and may be key to the initiation of B cell–mediated autoimmunity in GBS.
Selective Adsorption of Manganese onto Rhodium for Optimized Mn/Rh/SiO2 Alcohol Synthesis Catalysts
Authors: Liu Jingjing , Tao Runzhe , Guo Zhao , Regalbuto John R. , Marshall Christopher L. , Klie Robert F. , Miller Jeffrey T. , Meyer Randall J. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractUsing supported rhodium‐based catalysts to produce alcohols from syngas provides an alternative route to conventional fermentation methods. If left unpromoted, Rh catalysts have a strong selectivity towards methane. However, promotion with early transition metal elements has been shown to be effective to increase alcohol selectivity. Therefore, a key design objective is to increase the promoter–metal interaction to maximize their effectiveness. This can be achieved by the use of the strong electrostatic adsorption (SEA) method, which utilizes pH control to steer the promoter precursor (in this case MnO4−) onto Rh oxide supported on SiO2. Mn‐promoted catalysts were synthesized by both SEA and traditional incipient wetness impregnation (IWI) and subsequently characterized by STEM and extended X‐ray absorption fine structure methods. Using STEM–electron energy loss spectroscopy mapping, catalysts prepared by SEA were shown to have a higher degree of interaction between the promoter and the active metal. The reduction behavior of the catalysts obtained by X‐ray absorption near‐edge spectroscopy and temperature‐programmed reduction demonstrated a minimal change in Rh if promoted by SEA. However, catalytic results for CO hydrogenation revealed that a significant improvement of ethanol selectivity is achieved if the promoter was prepared by SEA in comparison with the promoter prepared by IWI. These results suggest that intimate interaction between the promoter and the metal is a critical factor for improving selectivity to higher alcohols.
A unique missense allele of BAF155, a core BAF chromatin remodeling complex protein, causes neural tube closure defects in mice
Authors: Harmacek Laura , Watkins‐Chow Dawn E. , Chen Jianfu , Jones Kenneth L. , Pavan William J. , Salbaum J. Michael , Niswander Lee 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTFailure of embryonic neural tube closure results in the second most common class of birth defects known as neural tube defects (NTDs). While NTDs are likely the result of complex multigenic dysfunction, it is not known whether polymorphisms in epigenetic regulators may be risk factors for NTDs. Here we characterized Baf155msp3, a unique ENU‐induced allele in mice. Homozygous Baf155mps3 embryos exhibit highly penetrant exencephaly, allowing us to investigate the roles of an assembled, but malfunctional BAF chromatin remodeling complex in vivo at the time of neural tube closure. Evidence of defects in proliferation and apoptosis were found within the neural tube. RNA‐Seq analysis revealed that surprisingly few genes showed altered expression in Baf155 mutant neural tissue, given the broad epigenetic role of the BAF complex, but included genes involved in neural development and cell survival. Moreover, gene expression changes between individual mutants were variable even though the NTD was consistently observed. This suggests that inconsistent gene regulation contributes to failed neural tube closure. These results shed light on the role of the BAF complex in the process of neural tube closure and highlight the importance of studying missense alleles to understand epigenetic regulation during critical phases of development. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 74: 483–497, 2014
The Orthoester Johnson–Claisen Rearrangement in the Synthesis of Bioactive Molecules, Natural Products, and Synthetic Intermediates – Recent Advances
Authors: Fernandes Rodney A. , Chowdhury Asim K. , Kattanguru Pullaiah 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe orthoester Johnson–Claisen rearrangement, an important C–C bond forming reaction, has been used enormously in the past four decades in the synthesis of bioactive molecules, natural products, synthetic intermediates, analogues, and useful building blocks. The method has also featured in chemical modification of materials. This review covers developments in this rearrangement since 2003. Unlike many other forms of Claisen rearrangement, this reaction is generally a one‐pot, one‐step process. It is compatible with numerous functional groups, despite its use of acid catalysis, and offers chirality transfer to produce stereoselective products. The method also offers opportunities for rapid modifications to various functionalized compounds and building blocks for further synthetic exploration.
Development of an Efficient Procedure for Determination of Copper, Zinc and Iron after Solid Phase Extraction on 3‐(1‐(1‐H‐Indol‐3‐yl)‐3‐Phenylallyl)‐1H‐Indole Loaded on Duolite XAD 761
Authors: Ghaedi M. , Niknam K. , Niknam E. , Mortazavi K. , Taheri K. , Soylak M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA method for the simultaneous preconcentration of Cu2+,Zn2+ and Fe3+ ions, in some food samples has been reported. The method is based on the adsorption of 3‐(1‐(1‐H‐indol‐3‐yl)‐3‐phenylallyl)‐1H‐indole (IPAI) loaded on Duolite XAD 761. The metal ions adsorbed on the modified solid phase resin are eluted using 6 mL of 4 mol L−1 nitric acid. The influences of the analytical parameters including pH and amount of ligand and solid phase and type and amount of surfactant and sample volume on the metal ions recoveries were investigated. The effects of matrix ions on the retentions of the analytes were also examined. The recoveries of analytes were generally higher than 95% with a RSD lower than 5%. The method has been successfully applied for these metals content evaluation in some real samples.
Accuracy of diffusion‐weighted (DW) MRI with background signal suppression (MR‐DWIBS) in diagnosis of mediastinal lymph node metastasis of nonsmall‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Authors: Xu Liang , Tian Jiakai , Liu Yuhui , Li Chuanfu 
Published: October 2013

PurposeTo prospectively evaluate the accuracy of diffusion‐weighted (DW) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with background signal suppression (MR‐DWIBS) for detecting mediastinal lymph node metastasis of nonsmall‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Materials and MethodsMR‐DWIBS was performed in 42 consecutive patients (27 men, 15 women; age range, 42–78 years; median age, 55 years) with histologically proven NSCLC. The visualization rate of metastatic lymph node (MLN) and benign lymph node (BLN) of enlarged lymph nodes (ELN) and normal‐sized lymph nodes (NLN) was compared by using a chi‐square test or Fisher's exact test on a per‐nodal basis. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of MLN and BLN was measured and compared by using two‐tailed unpaired Student's t‐test. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to assess the overall diagnostic accuracy of ADC for ELN and NLN. The optimal cutoff value was determined and the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy was calculated.ResultsThirty‐five out of 119 lymph resected nodes were confirmed to be metastatic by histologic examination. The visualization rate of MLN was significantly higher than that of BLN for ELN (P < 0.001) and for NLN (χ2 = 7.506, P = 0.006). For both ELN and NLN, ADC of MLN was significantly lower than that of BLN (t = −5.380, P < 0.001 and t = −6.435, P < 0.001). ADC was significant for detection of MLN for both ELN (Az = 0.975, P < 0.001) and NLN (Az = 0.919, P < 0.001). For NLN, the optimal cutoff value of ADC was 2.04 mm2/s, where the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy were 75.0%, 90.9%, 66.7%, 93.8%, and 87.8%, respectively.ConclusionMR‐DWIBS may be clinically useful to visually detect mediastinal lymph nodes and ADC measurement can aid in malignant node discrimination. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:200–205. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Programming with linear fractional functionals
Authors: Zionts Stanley 
Published: October 2013

AbstractCharnes and Cooper [1] showed that a linear programming problem with a linear fractional objective function could be solved by solving at most two ordinary linear programming problems. In addition, they showed that where it is known a priori that the denominator of the objective function has a unique sign in the feasible region, only one problem need be solved. In the present note it is shown that if a finite solution to the problem exists, only one linear programming problem must be solved. This is because the denominator cannot have two different signs in the feasible region, except in ways which are not of practical importance.
The pure fixed charge transportation problem
Authors: Fisk John , McKeown Patrick 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe pure fixed charge transportation problem (PFCTP) is a variation of the fixed charge transportation problem (FCTP) in which there are only fixed costs to be incurred when a route is opened. We present in this paper a direct search procedure using the LIFO decision rule for branching. This procedure is enhanced by the use of 0–1 knapsack problems which determine bounds on partial solutions. Computational results are presented and discussed.
Anion exchange membranes: Current status and moving forward
Authors: Hickner Michael A. , Herring Andrew M. , Coughlin E. Bryan 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThis short review is meant to provide the reader with highlights in anion exchange membrane research, describe current needs in the field, and point out promising directions for future work. Anion exchange membranes (AEMs) provide one possible route to low platinum or platinum‐free fuel cells with the potential for facile oxidation of complex fuels beyond hydrogen and methanol. AEMs and related stable cationic polymers also have applications in energy storage and other electrochemical technologies such as water electrolyzers and redox flow batteries. While anion exchange membranes have been known for a long time in water treatment applications, materials for electrochemical technology with robust mechanical properties in thin film format have only recently become more widely available. High hydroxide and bicarbonate anion conductivity have been demonstrated in a range of AEM formats, but intrinsic stability of the polymers and demonstration of long device lifetime remain major roadblocks. Novel approaches to stable materials have focused on new types of cations that employ delocalization and steric shielding of the positive center to mitigate nucleophilic attack by hydroxide. A number of promising polymer backbones and membrane architectures have been identified, but limited device testing and a lack of understanding of the degradation mechanisms in operating devices is slowing progress on engineered systems with alkaline fuel cell technology. Our objective is to spur more research in this area to develop fuel cell systems that approach the costs of inexpensive batteries for large‐scale applications. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2013, 51, 1727–1735, 2013
Prevalence, intensity, and predictors of the supportive care needs of women diagnosed with breast cancer: a systematic review
Authors: Fiszer Chavie , Dolbeault Sylvie , Sultan Serge , Brédart Anne 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe assessment of supportive care needs is a crucial step in the development of appropriate interventions that may improve the quality of life of cancer patients. This review describes and analyzes the prevalence and predictors of the unmet supportive care needs of breast cancer (BC) patients and survivors and suggests paths for further research.MethodMultiple databases were searched, considering only quantitative studies using validated needs assessment instruments and focusing uniquely on women diagnosed with BC.ResultsOut of 761 hits, 23 studies answered to all eligibility criteria. Nineteen were cross‐sectional, and the remaining four were longitudinal. Most included patients at different moments along the BC trajectory, from diagnosis to decades into survivorship, with the major proportion of patients under treatment. Only five concentrated on the posttreatment phase into extended survivorship. The concerns of women diagnosed with BC clustered around psychological and information needs, with the top concern being ‘fear of the cancer returning’. Predictors of higher levels of needs included advanced disease stage, greater symptom burden, shorter time since diagnosis, higher levels of distress, and younger age. Prevalence differed between cultures with Asian women reporting greater information needs and lower psychological needs compared with Western women.ConclusionsRevealing which needs BC patients consider most urgent and the factors related to greater needs will permit the development of improved and targeted supportive care. Future research should comprise longitudinal designs concentrating on women at specific moments along the BC trajectory for a dynamic understanding of these needs. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparison of the folding kinetics of a small, artificially selected DNA aptamer with those of equivalently simple naturally occurring proteins
Authors: Lawrence Camille , Vallée‐Bélisle Alexis , Pfeil Shawn H. , de Mornay Derek , Lipman Everett A. , Plaxco Kevin W. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe folding of larger proteins generally differs from the folding of similarly large nucleic acids in the number and stability of the intermediates involved. To date, however, no similar comparison has been made between the folding of smaller proteins, which typically fold without well‐populated intermediates, and the folding of small, simple nucleic acids. In response, in this study, we compare the folding of a 38‐base DNA aptamer with the folding of a set of equivalently simple proteins. We find that, as is true for the large majority of simple, single domain proteins, the aptamer folds through a concerted, millisecond‐scale process lacking well‐populated intermediates. Perhaps surprisingly, the observed folding rate falls within error of a previously described relationship between the folding kinetics of single‐domain proteins and their native state topology. Likewise, similarly to single‐domain proteins, the aptamer exhibits a relatively low urea‐derived Tanford β, suggesting that its folding transition state is modestly ordered. In contrast to this, however, and in contrast to the behavior of proteins, ϕ‐value analysis suggests that the aptamer's folding transition state is highly ordered, a discrepancy that presumably reflects the markedly more important role that secondary structure formation plays in the folding of nucleic acids. This difference notwithstanding, the similarities that we observe between the two‐state folding of single‐domain proteins and the two‐state folding of this similarly simple DNA presumably reflect properties that are universal in the folding of all sufficiently cooperative heteropolymers irrespective of their chemical details.
What Students Say Versus What They Do Regarding Scientific Inquiry
Authors: SALTER IRENE Y. , ATKINS LESLIE J. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTWe teach a course for elementary education undergraduates that gives students an opportunity to conduct open‐ended scientific inquiry and pursue their own scientific questions in much the same way that practicing research scientists do. In this study, we compared what our students say declaratively about the nature of science (NOS) in surveys and interviews with what they do procedurally when engaged in authentic scientific practice. Initially, we were surprised when our students showed very little change on two different validated NOS questionnaires, adhering to seemingly memorized definitions of key NOS vocabulary such as “science” and “experiment.” In contrast, on procedural measures of NOS understanding, students developed a decidedly sophisticated approach to answering scientific questions. Our data suggest that students’ declarative understandings about the NOS are not a reliable measure of students’ ability to engage productively in scientific practices and vice versa. We discuss why this might be and consider the implications of this disconnect on identifying the best approach to NOS instruction and on future science education research.
Frizzled 7 Maintains the Undifferentiated State of Human Limbal Stem/Progenitor Cells
Authors: Mei Hua , Nakatsu Martin N. , Baclagon Elfren R. , Deng Sophie X. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Wnt signaling pathway plays an important role in the regulation of human limbal stem/progenitor cells (LSCs). To examine the possible function of Frizzled (Fz) receptors in LSCs, the expression of 10 Fz receptors was profiled in the limbus and cornea. Only Fz7 had preferential expression in the basal limbal epithelium which contains the LSCs. The expression of Fz7 was colocalized with the putative LSC markers including p63α, N-cadherin and keratin (K) 14, and was minimum in cells expressing the corneal maturation marker K12. The expression of Fz7 was higher in the enriched LSCs population and decreased in cultured LSCs when there was a loss of progenitor phenotype. When the Fz7 was knocked down (FzKD) using shRNA in primary LSCs, the expression of putative LSC markers ABCG2, ΔNp63α, and K14 was decreased significantly. The colony forming efficiency of the Fz7KD LSCs was significantly decreased in the subsequent passage 1 and 2 compared to the control. Our finding suggests that Wnt signaling is one of the factors of LSC niche, and Fz7 helps to maintain the undifferentiated state of LSCs. Stem Cells 2014;32:938–945
Transcription Factor-Induced Lineage Programming of Noradrenaline and Motor Neurons from Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Mong Jamie , Panman Lia , Alekseenko Zhanna , Kee Nigel , Stanton Lawrence W. , Ericson Johan , Perlmann Thomas 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAn important goal in stem cell biology is to develop methods for efficient generation of clinically interesting cell types from relevant stem cell populations. This is particularly challenging for different types of neurons of the central nervous system where hundreds of distinct neuronal cell types are generated during embryonic development. We previously used a strategy based on forced transcription factor expression in embryonic stem cell-derived neural progenitors to generate specific types of neurons, including dopamine and serotonin neurons. Here, we extend these studies and show that noradrenergic neurons can also be generated from pluripotent embryonic stem cells by forced expression of the homeobox transcription factor Phox2b under the signaling influence of fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8) and bone morphogenetic proteins. In neural progenitors exposed to FGF8 and sonic hedgehog both Phox2b and the related Phox2a instead promoted the generation of neurons with the characteristics of mid- and hindbrain motor neurons. The efficient generation of these neuron types enabled a comprehensive genome-wide gene expression analysis that provided further validation of the identity of generated cells. Moreover, we also demonstrate that the generated cell types are amenable to drug testing in vitro and we show that variants of the differentiation protocols can be applied to cultures of human pluripotent stem cells for the generation of human noradrenergic and visceral motor neurons. Thus, these studies provide a basis for characterization of yet an additional highly clinically relevant neuronal cell type. Stem Cells 2014;32:609–622
Experimental study of across‐wind aerodynamic damping of super high‐rise buildings with aerodynamically modified square cross‐sections
Authors: Gu M. , Cao H. L. , Quan Y. 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYAcross‐wind aerodynamic damping ratios are determined from the wind‐induced acceleration responses of 10 aeroelastic models of square super high‐rise buildings in an urban flow condition (exposure category C in the Chinese code) using the random decrement technique. Moreover, the influences of amplitude‐dependent structural damping ratio on the estimation of aerodynamic damping ratio are discussed. The validity of estimated damping is examined through a comparison with previous research achievements. On the basis of the estimated results, the characteristics of the across‐wind aerodynamic damping ratios of modified square high‐rise buildings are studied. The effects of aerodynamically modified cross‐sections, such as chamfered, slotted and tapered cross‐section, on the across‐wind aerodynamic damping ratio are investigated. The results indicate that modifications of cross‐sections are not always effective in suppressing the aeroelastic effects of super high‐rise buildings. Low corner‐cut ratios (chamfer ratios from 5% to 20% and slot ratios from 5% to 10%) and low taper ratio (1%) significantly decrease the magnitudes of absolute aerodynamic damping ratios. However, large modifications of cross‐sections (slot ratio of 20% and taper ratios from 3% to 5%) increase wind‐induced responses by changing the aerodynamic damping ratios. According to the database, empirical aerodynamic damping function parameters are fitted for high‐rise buildings with aerodynamically modified square cross‐sections. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
U–Pb age and Lu–Hf signatures of detrital zircon from Palaeozoic sandstones in the Oslo Rift, Norway
Authors: KRISTOFFERSEN MAGNUS , ANDERSEN TOM , ANDRESEN ARILD 
Published: October 2013

AbstractU–Pb and Lu–Hf isotope analyses of detrital zircon from the latest Ordovician (Hirnantian) Langøyene Formation, the Late Silurian Ringerike Group and the Late Carboniferous Asker Group in the Oslo Rift were obtained by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Overall the U–Pb dating yielded ages within the range 2861–313 Ma. The U–Pb age and Lu–Hf isotopic signatures correspond to virtually all known events of crustal evolution in Fennoscandia, as well as synorogenic intrusions from the Norwegian Caledonides. Such temporally and geographically diverse source areas likely reflect multiple episodes of sediment recycling in Fennoscandia, and highlights the intrinsic problem of using zircon as a tracer-mineral in ‘source to sink’ sedimentary provenance studies. In addition to its mostly Fennoscandia-derived detritus, the Asker Group also have zircon grains of Late Devonian – Late Carboniferous age. Since no rocks of these ages are known in Fennoscandia, these zircons are inferred to be derived from the Variscan Orogen of central Europe.