bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of the polymer structure on the drug–polymer interactions in the micellar nanoparticles: Mixed homopolymer and copolymerized cores
Authors: Hassanzadeh Salman , Khoee Sepideh 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe two strategies of mixing and copolymerizing were used to incorporate more drug‐compatible butylene adipate (BA) repeating units into the less drug‐compatible unsaturated poly(cis‐2‐butene adipate) (PCBA) core of micelles. Novel parameters were defined on the basis of the hydrodynamic radius of the particles. A comparison of the encapsulation capabilities of the different copolymerized and mixed micelles was performed with these parameters. Both the mixed and core‐copolymerized micelles were indicated to have spherical morphologies and synergic properties of the copolymerized and mixed repeating units. They exhibited a higher encapsulation of the drug, a lower critical micelle concentration, and more controlled release behavior compared to the pure PCBA micelles. In addition, a comparative study of the two strategies was performed in the presence of same molar ratios of BA in the core. The mixed micelle formulation was found to be more effective in making a core more compatible to quercetin (as a model anticancer hydrophobic drug) with better pharmaceutical properties. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Dysfunctional cortico–basal ganglia–thalamic circuit and altered hippocampal–amygdala activity on cognitive set‐shifting in non‐neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Ren Tao , Ho Roger Chun‐Man , Mak Anselm 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo explore sequential brain activities throughout cognitive set‐shifting, which is critical to understanding the basic pathophysiology of cognitive dysfunction, in patients with new‐onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) without neuropsychiatric symptoms.MethodsFourteen patients with new‐onset SLE but without neuropsychiatric symptoms and 14 healthy controls matched for age, sex, education level, and intelligence quotient with the patients performed a cognitive set‐shifting task derived from the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test while they were undergoing event‐related functional magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. Blood oxygen level–dependent signals were compared between different stages of cognitive set‐shifting in the lupus patients and in the healthy subjects.ResultsLupus patients and healthy subjects demonstrated comparable cognitive function performance, but the cortico–basal ganglia–thalamic–cortical circuit and amygdala–hippocampus coupling, which were involved in response inhibition and active forgetting–learning dynamics, respectively, were demonstrated to be compromised in patients with SLE. Moreover, an increase in contralateral cerebellar–frontal activity was found to compensate for the compromised cortico–basal ganglia–thalamic–cortical circuit in lupus patients in order to maintain their cognitive test performance as comparable to that of the healthy subjects.ConclusionOur study revealed significant differences in the sequential brain signals during cognitive set‐shifting between patients with SLE without neuropsychiatric symptoms and healthy subjects. The results prompt further in‐depth investigation for the functional neural basis of cognitive dysfunction involving the aforementioned neural circuits and compensatory pathways in patients with SLE.
Single‐fraction radiotherapy versus multifraction radiotherapy for palliation of painful vertebral bone metastases—Equivalent efficacy, less toxicity, more convenient
Authors: Howell David D. , James Jennifer L. , Hartsell William F. , Suntharalingam Mohan , Machtay Mitchell , Suh John H. , Demas William F. , Sandler Howard M. , Kachnic Lisa A. , Berk Lawrence B. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:The Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) trial 97‐14 revealed no difference between radiation delivered for painful bone metastases at a dose of 8 gray (Gy) in 1 fraction (single‐fraction radiotherapy [SFRT]) and 30 Gy in 10 fractions (multifraction radiotherapy [MFRT]) in pain relief or narcotic use 3 months after randomization. SFRT for painful vertebral bone metastases (PVBM) has not been well accepted, possibly because of concerns about efficacy and toxicity. In the current study, the authors evaluated the subset of patients that was treated specifically for patients with PVBM.METHODS:PVBM included the cervical, thoracic, and/or lumbar spine regions. Among patients with PVBM, differences in retreatment rates and in pain relief, narcotic use, and toxicity 3 months after randomization were evaluated.RESULTS:Of 909 eligible patients, 235 (26%) had PVBM. Patients with and without PVBM differed in terms of the percentage of men (55% vs 47%, respectively; P = .03) and the proportion of patients with multiple painful sites (57% vs 38%, respectively; P < .01). Among those with PVBM, more patients who received MFRT had multiple sites treated (65% vs 49% for MFRT vs SFRT, respectively; P = .02). There were no statistically significant treatment differences in terms of pain relief (62% vs 70% for MFRT vs SFRT, respectively; P = .59) or freedom from narcotic use (24% vs 27%, respectively; P = .76) at 3 months. Significant differences in acute grade 2 through 4 toxicity (20% vs 10% for MFRT vs SFRT, respectively; P = .01) and acute grade 2 through 4 gastrointestinal toxicity (14% vs 6%, respectively; P = .01) were observed at 3 months, with lower toxicities seen in the patients treated with SFRT. Late toxicity was rare. No myelopathy was recorded. SFRT produced higher 3‐year retreatment rates (5% vs 15%; P = .01).CONCLUSIONS:Results for the subset of patients with PVBM in the RTOG 94‐17 randomized controlled trial were comparable to those for the entire population. SFRT produced less acute toxicity and a higher rate of retreatment than MFRT. SFRT and MFRT resulted in comparable pain relief and narcotic use at 3 months. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Neoadjuvant therapy with weekly docetaxel and cisplatin, 5‐fluorouracil continuous infusion, and concurrent radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer produced a high percentage of long‐lasting pathological complete response
Authors: Pasini Felice , de Manzoni Giovanni , Zanoni Andrea , Grandinetti Antonio , Capirci Carlo , Pavarana Michele , Tomezzoli Anna , Rubello Domenico , Cordiano Claudio 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:This phase 2 study was aimed at defining the pathological response rate of a neoadjuvant schedule including weekly docetaxel and cisplatin, continuous infusion (c.i.) of 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) and concomitant radiotherapy (RT) in untreated stage II‐III adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of mid‐distal thoracic esophagus.METHODS:The schedule consisted of a first phase of chemotherapy alone and of a second phase of concurrent chemoradiation. Doses were as follows: docetaxel 35 mg/m2 and cisplatin 25 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, 15, 29, 36, 43, 50, and 57 plus 5‐FU c.i. (180 mg/m2 on days 1‐21 and 150 mg/m2 on days 29‐63); RT (50 Gy) started at day 29. Surgery was planned 6 to 8 weeks after the completion of chemoradiation.RESULTS:A total of 74 patients were enrolled; pathological complete remission (pCR) was found in 47% (35 of 74) and near pCR (microfoci of tumor cells on the primary tumor without lymph nodal metastases) (pnCR) in 15% of the patients (11 of 74). Grade 3‐4 neutropenia, nonhematological toxicity, and toxic deaths occurred in 13.5%, 32.4%, and 4% of the patients, respectively. Median follow‐up was 55 months (range, 3‐108 months). Median survival of all 74 patients was 55 months, whereas it was not reached in the pCR subset. The 3‐ and 5‐year survival rates were, respectively, 83% and 77% for pCR, 73% and 44% for pnCR, and 21% and 14% for Residual Tumor subsets (P < .001).CONCLUSIONS:This study shows that 1) this intensive weekly schedule produced a high pathological response rate, 2) responders had high and long‐term durable survival rates. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Correlation of TP53 and MDM2 genotypes with response to therapy in sarcoma
Authors: Ohnstad Hege O. , Castro Russell , Sun Jinchang , Heintz Karen‐Marie , Vassilev Lyubomir T. , Bjerkehagen Bodil , Kresse Stine H. , Meza‐Zepeda Leonardo A. , Myklebost Ola 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Relatively few sarcomas harbor TP53 (tumor protein p53) mutations, but in many cases, amplification of MDM2 (murine double minute 2) effectively inactivate p53. The p53 pathway activity can also be affected by normal genetic variation.METHODS:The mutation status of TP53 and expression of MDM2, TP53, and their genetic variants SNP309 and R72P (Arg72Pro) were investigated in 125 sarcoma patient samples and 18 sarcoma cell lines. Association of the different genotypes and gene aberrations with chemotherapy response and survival, as well as response to MDM2 antagonists in vitro was evaluated.RESULTS:Twenty‐two percent of the tumors had mutant TP53 and 20% MDM2 gene amplification. Patients with wild‐type TP53 (TP53Wt) tumors had improved survival (P < .001) and TP53Wt was an independent prognostic factor (hazard ratio = 0.41; 95% confidence interval = 0.23‐0.74; P = .03). Interestingly, there was a trend toward longer time to progression after chemotherapy for tumors with the apoptosis‐prone p53 variant R72 (P = .07), which was strongest with doxorubicin/ifosfamide‐based regimens (P = .01). Liposarcomas had low R72 frequency (33% versus 56%), but increased levels of MDM2 and MDM4 (51% and 11%, P < .001). MDM2 overexpression on a TP53Wt background predicted better response to MDM2 antagonist Nutlin‐3a, irrespective of R72P or SNP309 status.CONCLUSIONS:Improved survival after chemotherapy was found in patients with TP53Wt tumors harboring the R72 variant. MDM2 overexpression in TP53Wt tumors predicted good response to MDM2 antagonists, irrespective of R72P or SNP309 status. Thus, detailed TP53 and MDM2 genotype analyses prior to systemic therapy are recommended. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
The risk of primary and contralateral breast cancer after ovarian cancer in BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation carriers
Authors: Vencken Peggy M. L. H. , Kriege Mieke , Hooning Maartje , Menke‐Pluymers Marian B. , Heemskerk‐Gerritsen Bernadette A. M. , van Doorn Lena C. , Collée Margriet M. , Jager Agnes , van Montfort Cees , Burger Curt W. , Seynaeve Caroline 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:The objective of this study was to assess the incidence of primary breast cancer (PBC) and contralateral breast cancer (CBC) in patients who had BRCA1/BRCA2‐associated epithelial ovarian cancer (OC).METHODS:From the database of the Rotterdam Family Cancer Clinic, patients who had BRCA‐associated OC without a history of unilateral breast cancer (BC) (at risk of PBC; n = 79) or with a history of unilateral BC (at risk of CBC; n = 37) were selected. The control groups consisted of unaffected BRCA mutation carriers (n = 351) or mutation carriers who had a previous unilateral BC (n = 294), respectively. The risks of PBC and CBC were calculated using the Kaplan‐Meier survival method with death considered as a competing risk event.RESULTS:Women with BRCA‐associated OC had lower 2‐year, 5‐year, and 10‐year risks of PBC (3%, 6%, and 11%, respectively) compared with unaffected mutation carriers (6%, 16%, and 28%, respectively; P = .03), although they had a considerably higher mortality rate at similar time points (13%, 33%, and 61%, respectively, vs 1%, 2%, and 2%, respectively; P < .001). In BRCA mutation carriers with a previous unilateral BC, the 2‐year, 5‐year, and 10‐year risks of CBC were nonsignificantly lower in patients with OC than in those without OC (0%, 7%, and 7%, respectively, vs 6%, 16%, and 34%, respectively; P = .06), whereas the mortality rate was higher in patients with OC (19%, 34%, and 55%, respectively, vs 4%, 11%, and 21%, respectively; P < .001).CONCLUSIONS:Patients with BRCA‐associated OC had a lower risk of developing a subsequent PBC or CBC than mutation carriers without OC, whereas the risk of dying from OC was greater than the risk of developing BC. These data may facilitate more tailored counseling for this patient subgroup, although confirmative studies are warranted. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Outcome of children treated for relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Central America
Authors: Marjerrison Stacey , Antillon Federico , Fu Ligia , Martinez Roxana , Vasquez Roberto , Bonilla Miguel , Howard Scott C. , Sung Lillian 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Outcomes for relapsed childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have not been documented in resource‐limited settings. This study examined survival after relapse for children with ALL in Central America.METHODS:A retrospective cohort study was performed and included children with first relapse of ALL in Guatemala, Honduras, or El Salvador between 1990 and 2011. Predictors of subsequent event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were examined.RESULTS:There were 755 children identified with relapsed disease. The median time from diagnosis to relapse was 1.7 years (interquartile range, 0.8‐3.1 years). Most relapses occurred during (53.9%) or following (24.9%) maintenance chemotherapy, and the majority occurred in the bone marrow (63.1%). Following the initial relapse, subsequent 3‐year EFS (± standard error) and OS were 22.0% ± 1.7%, and 28.2% ± 1.9%, respectively. In multivariable analysis, worse postrelapse survival was associated with age ≥ 10 years, white blood cell count ≥ 50 × 109/L, and positive central nervous system status at the original ALL diagnosis, relapse that was not isolated central nervous system or testicular, and relapse < 36 months following diagnosis. Site and time to relapse were used to identify a favorable risk group whose 3‐year EFS and OS were 50.0% ± 8.9% and 68.0% ± 8.1%, respectively.CONCLUSIONS:Prognosis after relapsed ALL in Central America is poor, but a substantial number of those with favorable risk features have prolonged survival, despite lack of access to stem cell transplantation. Stratification by risk factors can guide therapeutic decision‐making. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Polyaniline/Prussian‐Blue‐Based Amperometric Biosensor for Detection of Uric Acid
Authors: Thakur Bhawana , Sawant Shilpa N. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPolyaniline/Prussian blue (PANI‐PB) composite was electrochemically deposited on a platinum electrode. The properties of the PANI‐PB‐modified electrode were exploited in terms of its response toward H2O2 sensing by using cyclic voltammetry, and were found to be more effectual than the PANI‐modified electrode in the low‐potential range. The PANI‐PB‐modified electrode was further used for the bioanalysis of uric acid by immobilization of the enzyme uricase. The electrode was characterized at various stages of modification by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), IR spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. The biosensor gave a linear response for uric acid in the concentration range 10–160 μM with a sensitivity of 160 μA mM−1 cm−2. The main advantage of the PANI‐PB composite electrode is its low working potential (0 V vs. Ag/AgCl) for the estimation of uric acid, which enables the elimination of plausible interfering effects caused by analytes present in real samples. The biosensor was selective to uric acid and did not respond to analytes such as ascorbic acid, glucose, and urea. The sensor electrode retained its selectivity and sensitivity for seven days if stored at −18 °C. The biosensor also displayed a satisfactory performance for the detection of uric acid in human blood serum samples.
Real‐time cell viability assays using a new anthracycline derivative DRAQ7®
Authors: Akagi Jin , Kordon Magdalena , Zhao Hong , Matuszek Anna , Dobrucki Jurek , Errington Rachel , Smith Paul J. , Takeda Kazuo , Darzynkiewicz Zbigniew , Wlodkowic Donald 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe exclusion of charged fluorescent dyes by intact cells has become a well‐established assay for determining viability of cells. In search for a noninvasive fluorescent probe capable of long‐term monitoring of cell death in real‐time, we evaluated a new anthracycline derivative DRAQ7. The novel probe does not penetrate the plasma membrane of living cells but when the membrane integrity is compromised, it enters and binds readily to nuclear DNA to report cell death. It proved to be nontoxic to a panel of cancer cell lines grown continuously for up to 72 h and did not induce any detectable DNA damage signaling when analyzed using laser scanning microscopy and flow cytometry. The DRAQ7 provided a sensitive, real‐time readout of cell death induced by a variety of stressors such as hypoxia, starvation, and drug‐induced cytotoxicity. The overall responses to anticancer agents and resulting pharmacological dose‐response profiles were not affected by the growth of tumor cells in the presence DRAQ7. Moreover, we for the first time introduced a near real‐time microflow cytometric assay based on combination of DRAQ7 and mitochondrial inner membrane potential (ΔΨm) sensitive probe TMRM. We provide evidence that this low‐dosage, real‐time labeling procedure provides multiparameter and kinetic fingerprint of anticancer drug action. © 2012 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Murine and human very small embryonic‐like cells: A perspective
Authors: Heider Andreas , Danova‐Alt Ralitza , Egger Dietmar , Cross Michael , Alt Rüdiger 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn 2006, very small embryonic‐like (VSEL) stem cells were described as a pluripotent population of prospectively isolated stem cells in adult murine bone marrow (mBM) and human umbilical cord blood (hUCB). While rigorous proof of pluripotency is still lacking, murine VSEL cells have been shown to overlap with an independently identified population of neural crest derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). The presence of primitive mesenchymal precursors within the VSEL cell population may partially explain the findings that have led to the concept of an “embryonic‐like” stem cell in mBM. However, our own studies on human VSEL cells revealed very little similarity between murine VSEL cells and their reportedly equivalent population in hUCB. On the contrary, our data strongly suggest that human VSEL cells are an aberrant and inactive population that cannot expand in vitro and has neither embryonic nor adult stem cell like properties. Here we critically re‐examine the data supporting stemness and pluripotency of murine and human VSEL cells, respectively. © 2012 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Cytologic diagnosis of thyroid‐like follicular carcinoma of the kidney: A case report
Authors: Dhillon Jasreman , Mohanty Sambit K. , Krishnamurthy Savitri 
Published: November 2012

Thyroid‐like follicular carcinoma of the kidney (TLFCK) is a recently described subtype of renal‐cell carcinoma that is not currently included in the World Health Organization classification. Few sporadic case reports and one series have been reported with emphasis on histopathologic features. However, cytological features have not been described in the literature to date.A 34‐year‐old male presented with a renal mass. An intraoperative smear preparation of the tumor revealed a hypercellular smear with cells arranged in sheets without any follicular, papillary, or acinar arrangement. The most striking feature was the presence of acellular eosinophilic material associated with the neoplastic epithelial cells in the background of the smear. Individual tumor cells were oval, round, and plasmacytoid with mild nuclear pleomorphism, finely stippled nuclear chromatin, and inconspicuous nucleoli with moderate amount of eosinophilic cytoplasm and rare nuclear grooves. It was unclear at the time of the intraoperative assessment of the smear if the acellular eosinophilic material represented metachromatic matrix‐like extracellular material, mucin, colloid, amyloid, or hyaline material.The differential diagnoses included a primary renal‐cell carcinoma versus a metastatic tumor.Subsequent histopathologic examination was diagnostic of a rare, recently described primary neoplasm of the kidney called TLFCK. This work is a retrospective evaluation of the cytological features of TLFCK. It is important for cytopathologists to be aware of this entity and its cytological features to render a correct diagnosis for adequate management of these patients. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2014;42:273–277. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation of lower limb motor function using wireless motion sensors—a comparison of normal elderly subjects and those requiring Support Level 1
Authors: Miyoshi Hiroaki , Numata Takayuki , Kuwae Yutaka , Sekine Masaki , Tsuji Miwa , Okabe Ichiro , Hara Keita , Fujimoto Toshiro , Tamura Toshiyo 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis study quantitatively compared lower limb motility of normal subjects and those requiring Support Level 1 (support_1). We developed a wireless inertial sensor with an embedded triaxial accelerometer and angular velocity sensor. Six normal elderly subjects and ten elderly subjects who were classified as support_1 by the Japanese care insurance system participated in the study. We attached the wireless motion sensors to the center of the lower back and both thighs of the subjects. The subjects were then asked to walk 10 m and perform a stepping exercise. For the evaluation, the cadence, pitch angle, and pitch angular velocity of the thigh autocorrelation function and root mean square (RMS) on the lower back were calculated. The autocorrelation coefficient function for the support_1 subjects was smaller than for the normal subjects, while the RMS was larger in support_1. These differences indicated that the gait and balance abilities of the support_1 subjects were poorer than those of the normal subjects. This suggests that our wireless motion sensor is useful for assessing the motility of the lower limbs while walking and climbing steps. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 95(12): 37–45, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11430
High‐speed generation of goal‐oriented scenarios using bidirectional combination of effect propagation on a qualitative and quantitative hybrid model
Authors: Samejima Masaki , Morita Yoshihiro , Akiyoshi Masanori 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis paper addresses the high‐speed generation of goal‐oriented scenarios on a qualitative and quantitative hybrid model. The goal‐oriented scenarios can be generated efficiently by a bidirectional combination of forward propagation and backward propagation, if differences between the values related to each scenario are small on a certain time step. Thus, the method combines the scenarios when each value can be regarded as the same from qualitative value viewpoints. Furthermore, the proposed method decides the number of both propagations to generate the required number of goal‐oriented scenarios while decreasing the number of time‐consuming backward propagations. Experimental results show that the computational time for generating the required number of goal‐oriented scenarios is decreased by 98% compared to solely forward propagation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 95(12): 10–20, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11443