bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic variability and in vitro transcriptional permissibility of primary ovine beta-retrovirus promoter isolates
Authors: Eckstrand Christina D. , Castillo Diego , McDonnel Samantha J. , Hillman Chadwick N. , Vapniarsky Natasha , Shanthalingam Sundarvili , de las Heras Marcelo , Murphy Brian G. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Objective—To assess genomic sequence conservation and variation in the proviral promoter of enzootic nasal tumor virus (ENTV) and Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) in tissue samples from 3 sheep with nasal adenocarcinoma associated with ENTV and 3 sheep with pulmonary adenocarcinoma associated with JSRV and to identify a cell culture system that supports transcriptional activity of the ENTV and JSRV viral promoters.
Animals—6 adult sheep.
Procedures—Standard PCR procedures for detection of the ENTV and JSRV long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter region were performed on samples from the 3 nasal adenocarcinomas and 3 pulmonary adenocarcinomas, respectively. The LTRs were cloned into shuttle vectors, amplified, sequenced, and analyzed. The cloned LTR regions were transferred into reporter plasmids and multiple human and ruminant cell lines, and primary cells were transfected with the promoter-reporter plasmids. The viral promoter activity was evaluated by use of an in vitro β-galactosidase reporter assay.
Results—Each isolate had a unique nucleotide sequence. Single nucleotide polymorphisms were the most common LTR mutation and rarely occurred at transcription factor binding sites. Relative to ENTV, the JSRV promoter isolates had a conserved 66-bp U3 insertion, including the lung-specific transcription factor HNF-3β binding site. Among the cell lines used, human embryonic kidney (293T) and goat synovial membrane cells supported promoter transcription.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The LTRs of ENTV and JSRV have extensive blocks of sequence conservation. Human 293T and goat synovial membrane cell lines may be suitable in vitro cell culture systems for further research of viral promoter functions.
Generalized n-Laplacian: boundedness of weak solutions to the Dirichlet problem with nonlinearity in the critical growth range
Authors: Černý Robert 
Published: October 2013

AbstractLet n ≥ 2 and let Ω ⊂ ℝn be an open set. We prove the boundedness of weak solutions to the problem $$u \in W_0^1 L^\Phi \left( \Omega \right) and - div\left( {\Phi '\left( {\left| {\nabla u} \right|} \right)\frac{{\nabla u}} {{\left| {\nabla u} \right|}}} \right) + V\left( x \right)\Phi '\left( {\left| u \right|} \right)\frac{u} {{\left| u \right|}} = f\left( {x,u} \right) + \mu h\left( x \right) in \Omega ,$$ where ϕ is a Young function such that the space W 01 L Φ(Ω) is embedded into an exponential or multiple exponential Orlicz space, the nonlinearity f(x, t) has the corresponding critical growth, V(x) is a continuous potential, h ∈ L Φ(Ω) is a non-trivial continuous function and µ ≥ 0 is a small parameter. We consider two classical cases: the case of Ω being an open bounded set and the case of Ω = ℝn.
(Re) conceptualiser l’enseignement d’une langue seconde à l’aide d’outils d’évaluations:comment les enseignants canadiens perçoivent le CECR
Authors: Piccardo Enrica 
Published: October 2013

Abstract:The growth of interest in the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) in Canada has moved from academic discussions and feasibility studies to the publication of institutional documents informing language education policies. Far less attention has been given so far to the need for professional development aimed at helping teachers grasp the conceptual density of the document. Following an exploratory phase aimed at investigating issues and challenges teachers are faced with in the domain of assessment, a qualitative study was conducted in the Canadian context to investigate the impact of targeted professional development on teachers’ perceptions of the potential of the CEFR. The results of the study show how a four-phase guided reflective process can help teachers overcome their perception of the CEFR as a standard setting tool and consider the vision of assessment it proposes as a way for deeply questioning their own teaching practice.
Accessing English and Networks at an English-Medium Multicultural Church in East Canada: An Ethnography
Authors: Han Huamei 
Published: October 2013

Abstract:Drawing from a larger ethnography of skilled Chinese immigrants’ language learning during settlement in Toronto, this article explores the role of informal interactions in facilitating immigrants learning English as a second language and settlement. Examining various activities and networks available at an English-medium multicultural church, this article focuses on one immigrant couple’s access to participation and to various linguistic practices therein. Building on the theory of communities of practice (Lave & Wenger, 1991) and the notion of forms of capital (Bourdieu, 1986, 1997), I illustrate how extensive opportunities to interact informally with three types of members enabled this couple to use and learn English and to construct positive identities and build networks, which were essential for their settlement. Implications for immigrant language training are discussed.
Applying microCT and 3D visualization to Jurassic silicified conifer seed cones: A virtual advantage over thin‐sectioning
Authors: Gee Carole T. 
Published: October 2013

• Premise of the study: As an alternative to conventional thin‐sectioning, which destroys fossil material, high‐resolution X‐ray computed tomography (also called microtomography or microCT) integrated with scientific visualization, three‐dimensional (3D) image segmentation, size analysis, and computer animation is explored as a nondestructive method of imaging the internal anatomy of 150‐million‐year‐old conifer seed cones from the Late Jurassic Morrison Formation, USA, and of recent and other fossil cones.• Methods: MicroCT was carried out on cones using a General Electric phoenix v|tome|x s 240D, and resulting projections were processed with visualization software to produce image stacks of serial single sections for two‐dimensional (2D) visualization, 3D segmented reconstructions with targeted structures in color, and computer animations.• Results: If preserved in differing densities, microCT produced images of internal fossil tissues that showed important characters such as seed phyllotaxy or number of seeds per cone scale. Color segmentation of deeply embedded seeds highlighted the arrangement of seeds in spirals. MicroCT of recent cones was even more effective.• Conclusions: This is the first paper on microCT integrated with 3D segmentation and computer animation applied to silicified seed cones, which resulted in excellent 2D serial sections and segmented 3D reconstructions, revealing features requisite to cone identification and understanding of strobilus construction.
Neural Stem Cell-Mediated Delivery of Irinotecan-Activating Carboxylesterases to Glioma: Implications for Clinical Use
Authors: Metz Marianne Z. , Gutova Margarita , Lacey Simon F. , Abramyants Yelena , Vo Tien , Gilchrist Megan , Tirughana Revathiswari , Ghoda Lucy Y. , Barish Michael E. , Brown Christine E. , Najbauer Joseph , Potter Philip M. , Portnow Jana , Synold Timothy W. , Aboody Karen S. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
CPT-11 (irinotecan) has been investigated as a treatment for malignant brain tumors. However, limitations of CPT-11 therapy include low levels of the drug entering brain tumor sites and systemic toxicities associated with higher doses. Neural stem cells (NSCs) offer a novel way to overcome these obstacles because of their inherent tumor tropism and ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, which enables them to selectively target brain tumor sites. Carboxylesterases (CEs) are enzymes that can convert the prodrug CPT-11 (irinotecan) to its active metabolite SN-38, a potent topoisomerase I inhibitor. We have adenovirally transduced an established clonal human NSC line (HB1.F3.CD) to express a rabbit carboxylesterase (rCE) or a modified human CE (hCE1m6), which are more effective at converting CPT-11 to SN-38 than endogenous human CE. We hypothesized that NSC-mediated CE/CPT-11 therapy would allow tumor-localized production of SN-38 and significantly increase the therapeutic efficacy of irinotecan. Here, we report that transduced NSCs transiently expressed high levels of active CE enzymes, retained their tumor-tropic properties, and mediated an increase in the cytotoxicity of CPT-11 toward glioma cells. CE-expressing NSCs (NSC.CEs), whether administered intracranially or intravenously, delivered CE to orthotopic human glioma xenografts in mice. NSC-delivered CE catalyzed conversion of CPT-11 to SN-38 locally at tumor sites. These studies demonstrate the feasibility of NSC-mediated delivery of CE to glioma and lay the foundation for translational studies of this therapeutic paradigm to improve clinical outcome and quality of life in patients with malignant brain tumors.
Les Bienveillantes et les limites de la littérature
Authors: Toma Cosmin 
Published: October 2013

Au lieu de chercher à contourner la proscription qui pèse sur les représentations littéraires de la Shoah, Les Bienveillantes de Jonathan Littell se précipite à la rencontre du scandale médiatique en prenant le parti de la transgression. Or cette transgression n’est pas une simple « pornographie de l’horreur », puisqu’elle se donne également pour objet d’explorer les limites de la notion de littérature, qui revêt une importance primordiale pour l’auteur et pour son roman. L’« espace littéraire » devient, dans Les Bienveillantes, singulièrement apte à accueillir une âpre confrontation entre esthétique et historiographie, notamment en musicalisant la structure de la bureaucratie nazie, qui devient ainsi l’un des moteurs formalistes du récit lui-même. Cette contamination du réel par le littéraire donne également lieu à une recherche de la vérité qui exalte l’invraisemblance pour mieux dire les limites des disciplines du savoir (notamment l’historiographie) au nom d’une rupture de l’histoire qui serait la vérité même de la Shoah. Ce « dis-cours », sensible tout au long du roman, se place sous l’égide d’auteurs tels que Georges Bataille et Louis-Ferdinand Céline, mais c’est surtout Maurice Blanchot qui semble avoir le plus fortement influencé Les Bienveillantes. En effet, non seulement Blanchot est-il cité dans le roman, mais on y retrouve également de nombreuses traces de la pensée blanchotienne du « mourir », telle qu’elle s’expose dans Le pas au-delà. Les gestes transgressifs et délibérément sadiens qui traversent le roman d’un bout à l’autre se révèlent ici être indissociables d’une conception dont Blanchot est le garant littéraire : l’écriture comme proximité, voire expérience de la mort de l’autre, ainsi que de la mort comme Autre. Ainsi, la transgression opérée par Les Bienveillantes se révèle être à l’origine de la force proprement éthique du roman.
Global‐scale land surface hydrologic modeling with the representation of water table dynamics
Authors: Koirala Sujan , Yeh Pat J.‐F. , Hirabayashi Yukiko , Kanae Shinjiro , Oki Taikan 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWater table dynamics, a basic hydrologic process, was traditionally not considered in global‐scale land surface models (LSMs). In this study, a representation of water table dynamics is integrated into a global LSM to address the shortcomings of existing global‐scale modeling studies and the appropriateness of specifying certain parameters as globally constant. Evaluation of model simulation using globally varying parameters against river discharge observations in selected large rivers shows improvements when the water table dynamics is included in the model. The mechanisms by which the water table dynamics affects land surface hydrologic simulation are then investigated by analyzing the sensitivity simulation of groundwater (GW) capillary flux. The result indicates that global mean evapotranspiration (ET) increases by ~9% when GW capillary flux is considered. The semiarid regions with marked dry season have the largest increase (~25%), while the humid and high‐latitude regions with sufficient moisture but limited radiation energy have the smallest increase. Increase in ET is more pronounced in dry season when GW recharge becomes negative (upward moisture supply from the aquifer), but its magnitude depends on the water table depth (WTD). On the other hand, a deeper WTD caused by the GW capillary flux is found to decrease runoff throughout the year in regions with a large increase in ET in dry season only. Based on our modeling result, about 50% of global land area (especially in humid and high‐latitude regions) is simulated to have the mean WTD shallower than 5 m, which emphasizes the significance of representing water table dynamics in global‐scale LSMs.
Chiral separation of phenylalanine and tryptophan by capillary electrophoresis using a mixture of β‐CD and chiral ionic liquid ([TBA] [l‐ASP]) as selectors
Authors: Yujiao Wu , Guoyan Wang , Wenyan Zhao , Hongfen Zhang , Huanwang Jing , Anjia Chen 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTIn this paper, a simple, effective and green capillary electrophoresis separation and detection method was developed for the quantification of underivatized amino acids (dl‐phenylalanine; dl‐tryptophan) using β‐Cyclodextrin and chiral ionic liquid ([TBA] [l‐ASP]) as selectors. Separation parameters such as buffer concentrations, pH, β‐CD and chiral ionic liquid concentrations and separation voltage were investigated for the enantioseparation in order to achieve the maximum possible resolution. A good separation was achieved in a background electrolyte composed of 15 mm sodium tetraborate, 5 mm β‐CD and 4 mm chiral ionic liquid at pH 9.5, and an applied voltage of 10 kV. Under optimum conditions, linearity was achieved within concentration ranges from 0.08 to 10 µg/mL for the analytes with correlation coefficients from 0.9956 to 0.9998, and the analytes were separated in less than 6 min with efficiencies up to 970,000 plates/m. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of amino acid enantiomers in compound amino acids injections, such as 18AA‐I, 18AA‐II and 3AA. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distributed Heat Supply for Distillation Control to Reduce Feed Composition Disturbance Effects
Authors: Marangoni C. , Machado R. A. F. , Bolzan A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe introduction of heat in stages combined with a reboiler as a distillation control strategy is proposed aiming to reduce the transition time when a feed composition disturbance occurs. This is the most severe type of perturbation and results in long transition times which are economically undesirable. Experiments were carried out in a pilot distillation column with ethanol and water for testing two different control strategies: conventional, i.e., using both last stage and reboiler temperature controllers, and distributed, i.e., conventional strategy plus stage temperature controllers. The results with this operational approach indicated a significant reduction in the time required for the column to stabilize when compared with the conventional approach. The proposed strategy proved to be a viable alternative, enabling faster dynamics and smaller volumes to be processed outside the predefined quality parameters.
1‐(2‐Pyridyl)‐3‐ferrocenylpyrazoline‐Based Multichannel Signaling Receptors for Co2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ Ions
Authors: Kumar Chakka Kiran , Trivedi Rajiv , Kumar Kanaparthi Ravi , Giribabu Lingamallu , Sridhar Balasubramanian 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA simple one‐pot synthesis, the characterization, optoelectronic, and cation sensing properties of 1‐(2‐pyridyl)‐3‐ferrocenylpyrazolines 4–6 are described in this article. Reaction of ferrocenyl chalcones with 2‐hydrazinopyridine gave the target compounds in good yield. These compounds were characterized by general spectroscopic techniques and the structure of 4 was determined by means of X‐ray crystallography. These ferrocene compounds behave as selective multichannel chemosensors (redox, chromogenic, and fluorescent) in the presence of Co2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ ions. The binding assay and recognition ability of these receptors towards the metal ions were explained by electrochemical and optical studies. A maximum cathodic shift in the redox potential of the ferrocenium couple was observed towards the Co2+ ion (ΔE1/2 = 99–156 mV), while a minimum shift was observed with the Zn2+ ion (ΔE1/2 = 72–129 mV) on complexation with these receptors. Disappearance of the high‐energy (HE) band and a red shift (Δλ = 7–13 nm) of the low‐energy (LE) band in the absorption spectra of the receptors 4 and 5 was observed upon complexation with these metal ions. This change in absorption was accompanied by a color change from yellow to red/brown, which enabled potential “naked eye” detection. The emission spectra (λex = 350 nm) of receptor 4, in the presence of these cations, showed a 2–7‐fold increment in the chelation‐enhancement fluorescence (CHEF) and a 4–9‐fold increase in the quantum yield.
Oxidative C–Se Coupling of Formamides and Diselenides by Using Aqueous tert‐But­yl Hydroperoxide: A Convenient Synthesis of Selenocarbamates
Authors: Singh Pushpinder , Batra Aanchal , Singh Paramjit , Kaur Amarjit , Singh Kamal Nain 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAn oxidative coupling reaction between formamides and diselenides under metal‐free conditions is described. The C–Se bond formation occurred exclusively at the carbonyl carbon by using aqueous tert‐butyl hydroperoxide and 4 Å molecular sieves and the coupled products, selenocarbamates, were obtained in moderate‐to‐good yields.
Regioselective Synthesis of 4‐Nitro‐ or 4‐Chloro‐Tetrasubstituted Pyrazoles from Hydrazones and β‐Halo‐β‐nitrostyrenes
Authors: Deng Xiaohu , Liang Jimmy T. , Mani Neelakandha S. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe report an acid‐catalyzed cycloaddition reaction of hydrazones with β‐bromo‐ or β‐chloro‐β‐nitrostyrenes for the regioselective synthesis of 4‐nitro‐ or 4‐chloro‐tetrasubstituted pyrazoles. Arising from a common 4‐halo‐4‐nitropyrazolidine intermediate, the identity of the pyrazole product formed is dependent on the relative leaving group abilities of the halo and nitro substituents.
Chitosan scaffold co‐cultured with keratinocyte and fibroblast heals full thickness skin wounds in rabbit
Authors: Revi Deepa , Paul Willi , Anilkumar T.V. , Sharma Chandra P. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis study evaluated the modulatory effect of chitosan sponge co‐cultured with keratinocyte and fibroblast on wound healing. Dermal fibroblasts and keratinocyte isolated from rabbit skin were co‐cultured on chitosan sponge, to fabricate cell‐loaded chitosan tissue engineered construct. Full thickness excision wounds created on the rabbit dorsum were treated with three types of graft materials – a noncellular chitosan graft, homologous keratinocyte fibroblast loaded chitosan, and a commercial product. Postgraft skin‐wound samples were examined histomorphologically at 7th, 14th, and 28th day after staining with hematoxylin and eosin, picrosirius red and/or immunohistochemistry. Wound healing parameters considered were the extent of re‐epithelialization, collagen deposition, and neoangiogenesis. The number of proliferating cells, vimentin positive cells, and alpha smooth muscle actin cells were also quantified. The histology results suggested that the grafts aided wound healing but, the cell‐loaded graft induced a differential pattern of healing and had lower scarring tendency. The cell‐loaded tissue construct may be useful as a therapeutic graft for treating wounds where there is a total loss of tissue and cells as in burn injury. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J BiomedMater Res Part A: 102A: 3273–3281, 2014
Characterization of scaffold carriers for BMP9‐transduced osteoblastic progenitor cells in bone regeneration
Authors: Shui Wei , Zhang Wenwen , Yin Liangjun , Nan Guoxin , Liao Zhan , Zhang Hongmei , Wang Ning , Wu Ningning , Chen Xian , Wen Sheng , He Yunfeng , Deng Fang , Zhang Junhui , Luu Hue H. , Shi Lewis L. , Hu Zhenming , Haydon Rex C. , Mok James M. , He Tong‐Chuan 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSuccessful bone tissue engineering at least requires sufficient osteoblast progenitors, efficient osteoinductive factors, and biocompatible scaffolding materials. We have demonstrated that BMP9 is one of the most potent factors in inducing osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal progenitors. To facilitate the potential use of cell‐based BMP9 gene therapy for bone regeneration, we characterize the in vivo osteoconductive activities and bone regeneration potential of three clinically used scaffold materials, type I collagen sponge, hydroxyapatite‐tricalcium phosphate (HA‐TCP), and demineralized bone matrix (DBM), using BMP9‐expressing C2C12 osteoblastic progenitor cells. We find that recombinant adenovirus‐mediated BMP9 expression effectively induces osteogenic differentiation in C2C12 cells. Although direct subcutaneous injection of BMP9‐transduced C2C12 cells forms ectopic bony masses, subcutaneous implantation of BMP9‐expressing C2C12 cells with collagen sponge or HA‐TCP scaffold yields the most robust and mature cancellous bone formation, whereas the DBM carrier group forms no or minimal bone masses. Our results suggest that collagen sponge and HA‐TCP scaffold carriers may provide more cell‐friendly environment to support the survival, propagation, and ultimately differentiation of BMP9‐expressing progenitor cells. This line of investigation should provide important experimental evidence for further preclinical studies in BMP9‐mediated cell‐based approach to bone tissue engineering. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 3429–3438, 2014.
Clients’ Pretreatment Role Expectations, the Therapeutic Alliance, and Clinical Outcomes in Outpatient Therapy
Authors: Patterson Candace L. , Anderson Timothy , Wei Christina 
Published: October 2013

ObjectivesThe present study examined the associations between pretreatment role expectations, working alliance, and therapy outcome. A mediational model was hypothesized wherein the therapeutic alliance mediates the relationship between clients’ pretreatment role expectations and psychotherapy outcome.MethodSixty‐eight clients completed the Expectations About Counseling‐Brief Form at pretreatment, the Working Alliance Inventory‐Short Form Revised after Session 3, and the Outcome Questionairre‐45 at both pretreatment and the final session.ResultsAll 3 expectations factors (Personal Commitment, Facilitative Conditions, Counselor Expertise) were related to the alliance. However, only expectations for Counselor Expertise were related to outcome, although this relationship did not appear to be mediated by the alliance.ConclusionsSuggested research directions, clinical implications, and study limitations are discussed.