bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics Associated with Successful Residency Match in General Surgery
Authors: Collins Reagan A. , Nimmer Kaitlyn , Sheriff Salma A. , Arora Tania K. , Kothari Anai N. , Cunningham Carrie , Clarke Callisia N. 
Published: July 2024

Objective:
To evaluate characteristics of matched and unmatched general surgery residency (GSR) applicants.

Background:
Given the recent change of the United States Medical Licensing Exam Step 1 grading to pass/fail, understanding the factors that influence GSR match success is integral to identifying potential interventions to improve match rates for diverse medical students.

Methods:
Retrospective review of GSR National Residency Matching Program (NRMP) applicant and Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) active resident data between 2011 and 2022. Data included application characteristics for United States (“US”) and “independent” applicants, factors cited by program directors in the interview and ranking process, paths pursued if applicants went unmatched, and racial/ethnic representation.

Results:
A total of 9149 US and 3985 independent applicants applied to GSR between 2011 and 2021. Matched versus unmatched applicants had higher step 1 scores (US: 236 vs 218, P = 0.005; independent: 237 vs 228, P = 0.001), higher step 2 scores (US: 248 vs 232, P = 0.006; independent: 245 vs 234, P < 0.001), more likely to belong to alpha omega alpha (US: 17.1% vs 1.6%, P = 0.002) or to attend a top 40 National Institutes of Health-funded school (US: 31.0% vs 19.4%, P = 0.002) compared to unmatched applicants. Program directors heavily factored step 1 and step 2 scores, letters of recommendation, interactions with faculty and trainees, and interpersonal skills when interviewing and ranking applicants. The proportion of active general surgery residents versus applicants was lower for Asians (12.3% vs 20.9%, P < 0.001), Black/African American (5.0% vs 8.8%, P < 0.001), Hispanic/Latino (5.0% vs 9.4%, P = 0.001), and underrepresented in medicine students (10.3% vs 19.1%, P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
In the pass/fail step 1 era, factors including step 2 score and other subjective metrics may be more heavily weighted in the GSR match process.
A Derotational Corrective Osteotomy in a Torsional Malaligned Femoral Shaft Fracture Around a Prior Stuck Intramedullary Nail
Authors: Melvin Patricia R. , O’Neill Conor , Laubach Logan K. , Satpathy Jibanananda 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Femoral torsional malunion following trauma fixed with intramedullary (IM) nailing can necessitate femoral derotational osteotomy based on the symptomatic limitations of the patient. There is a paucity of studies discussing the utility and methods of femoral derotational osteotomy following post-traumatic femoral torsional malunion fixed with IM nailing that is not removable.

Methods:
We report a surgical technique in a patient treated with a femoral derotational osteotomy who sustained significant rotational deformity after a femoral shaft fracture initially treated with antegrade IM nailing. A standard inferior patellar approach was performed. The distal interlocking screws of the nail were removed, and a trephine was placed up through the distal femoral canal around the nail to free the nail from the surrounding bone to allow for mobility of the distal femur following osteotomy. Parallel K-wires were placed above and below the cut level for rotational control. A dynamic compression plate was then placed in compression mode on the lateral aspect of the femur, and the distal interlocking screws were placed to lock the IM nail.

Conclusions:
We recommend this technique only be used in cases where the nail is centric in the intramedullary canal and in line with the trochlea to be able to pass the trephine through the knee. We believe this technique to be an effective surgical option to treat post-traumatic torsional deformities of the femur where hardware cannot be removed.
Preimplantation genetic testing: A narrative review
Authors: Fernandes Sofia L. E. , de Carvalho Filipa A. G. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) is a diagnostic procedure that has become a powerful complement to assisted reproduction techniques. PGT has numerous indications, and there is a wide range of techniques that can be used, each with advantages and limitations that should be considered before choosing the more adequate one. In this article, it is reviewed the indications for PGT, biopsy and diagnostic technologies, along with their evolution, while also broaching new emerging methods.
Healthcare Professionals and Extreme Risk Protection Orders: A Concise Review
Authors: Lindley Lisa C. , Beebe Lora Humphrey , Davis Heather A. , Policastro Christina N. , Svynarenko Radion 
Published: July 2024

Background:Extreme risk protection orders (ERPOs) are one policy mechanism to address the critical public health problem of gun violence. The inclusion of healthcare professionals with ERPOs is a promising approach to expanding ERPO utilization, yet early evidence has not been examined.Objective:The purpose of this study was to synthesize the current research on healthcare professionals and ERPOs.Data Sources:Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, Academic Search Complete, and Web of Science were searched.Study Selection:Studies examined healthcare professionals’ role and function within the context of ERPOs.Data Extraction:Relevant studies were reviewed and included through consensus of the authors. Data extracted included authors, objective, design, states, healthcare professional type, mental health professional type, healthcare professional roles/involvement and key outcomes.Data Synthesis:There is unfamiliarity with ERPOs among healthcare professionals. Healthcare professionals lack ERPO knowledge and are unclear about ethical and legal ERPO liability.Conclusion:The available evidence suggests that healthcare professionals have an important role in ERPOs, but critical gaps in ERPO knowledge, training/resources, and liability will limit use and effectiveness of healthcare professionals, including nurses, in the role of ERPO petitioner.
Myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries: a single-center retrospective study by sex and race
Authors: Hsueh Christine , Esin Ghenekaro , Breen Thomas , Gitto Mauro , Katz Miriam , Gulati Martha , Capers IV Quinn , Reynolds Harmony R. , Volgman Annabelle S. , Wenger Nanette , Altin S. Elissa 
Published: July 2024

Background
In myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA), there are limited patient-level data on outcomes by sex and race.

Objective
The aim of this study was to assess baseline demographics and 3-year outcomes by sex and race for MINOCA patients.

Methods
Patients admitted to a single center with acute myocardial infarction (MI) between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2018, were identified by chart and angiographic review. The primary outcome was nonfatal MI with secondary outcomes including nonfatal cerebrovascular accident (CVA), chest pain readmission, and repeat coronary angiography.

Results
During the study period, 304 patients were admitted with MINOCA. The cohort was predominantly female (66.4%), and women were significantly older (64.6 vs. 59.2). One-sixth of the total population were Black patients, and nearly half of Black patients (47.2%) were male. Prior CVA (19.7%) and comorbid anxiety, depression, or post-traumatic stress disorder (41.1%) were common. Rates of nonfatal MI were 6.3% without difference by sex or race. For secondary outcomes, rates of CVA were 1.7%, chest pain readmission was 22.4%, and repeat angiography was 8.9%. Men were significantly more likely to have repeat angiography (13.7 vs. 6.4%), and Black patients were more likely to be readmitted for angina (34.0 vs. 19.1%). Over one-quarter of patients underwent repeat stress testing, with 8.9% ultimately undergoing repeat angiograms and low numbers (0.7%) undergoing revascularization. Men were more likely to be referred for a repeat angiogram (13.7 vs. 6.4%, P = 0.035). In multivariate analysis, Black race [odds ratio (OR), 2.31; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06–5.03] was associated with an increased risk of readmission for angina, while female sex was associated with decreased odds of repeat angiography (OR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.14–0.90) and current smoking was associated with increased odds of repeat angiography (OR, 4.07; 95% CI, 1.02–16.29)] along with hyperlipidemia (OR, 4.65; 95% CI, 1.22–17.7).

Conclusion
White women presented more frequently with MINOCA than White men, however, Black men are equally as affected as Black women. Rates of nonfatal MI were low without statistical differences by sex or race.
Does using a bioptic telescope improve visual recognition of the on-road environment?
Authors: Oberstein Sharon L. , Boon Mei Ying , Chu Byoung Sun , Wood Joanne M. 
Published: July 2024

SIGNIFICANCE
Individuals with reduced visual acuity (VA) may drive with bioptic telescopes in some jurisdictions. The effect of bioptic telescope use on on-road recognition distances is important for driving safety, as increased recognition distances increase the time available to react to road signs or driving events.

PURPOSE
This study aimed to investigate the impact of bioptic telescope use on visual recognition of road signs, traffic lights, and hazards in an on-road driving environment in individuals with reduced VA.

METHODS
Ten individuals (mean ± standard deviation age, 39.1 ± 19.1 years) with reduced VA (trained to use bioptic telescopes) participated in a repeated-measures on-road experiment for two viewing conditions, with and without a bioptic telescope (randomized order). Participants underwent a clinical low vision assessment, including high-contrast VA with and without the bioptic telescope aligned, visual fields, and contrast sensitivity testing. For the driving component, participants seated in the front passenger seat of a moving car reported all road signs, traffic lights, and hazards (unpredictable road events that represent a risk to driving safety including other vehicles, cyclists, pedestrians) seen along a route that included suburban roads and highways. Video cameras captured participants' viewing behavior, verbal commentary, and the distance at which three pre-selected road signs were reported.

RESULTS
In the eye with the bioptic telescope, high-contrast VA improved from 0.75 ± 0.17 (without) to 0.25 ± 0.1 logMAR with the bioptic telescope. Bioptic telescope use did not affect the percentage of road signs, traffic lights, or hazards correctly recognized but did result in 2.6 times longer recognition distances (49 ± 23 vs. 19 ± 11 m, t
9 = 5.02, p<0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
Road signs were recognized at significantly longer distances when using a bioptic telescope, confirming their positive impact on timely visual recognition of objects within the driving scene. Future work should explore whether this effect generalizes to individuals using bioptic telescopes when driving a vehicle.
Life space limitations in visually impaired older adults
Authors: Bittner Ava K. , Gobeille Micaela , Malkin Alexis G. , Ho Jeffrey , Idman-Rait Cecilia , Estabrook Max , Ross Nicole C. ,   for the CARE Study Team
Published: July 2024

SIGNIFICANCE
Future work should develop and evaluate interventional strategies to help overcome visual and health-related barriers to travel in visually impaired seniors and mitigate adverse impacts of loneliness for those who do not leave town.

PURPOSE
Life space refers to the area in which a person travels within a given time period. We explored whether demographics, vision, and/or health characteristics were related to restrictions in self-reported life space for visually impaired seniors.

METHODS
Visually impaired (n = 114) clinical trial participants aged ≥55 years learned visual assistive iPhone apps and completed the following baseline questionnaires: Life Space, 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey, University of California, Los Angeles Loneliness Scale, and New-General Self-efficacy Scale. Multiple logistic regressions evaluated associations between life space and patient factors after accounting for their distance to the next county or state.

RESULTS
During 2021 to 2023, 17%, 43%, and 70% of participants had not left their town, county, or state, respectively, in the past 3 months, or planned to in the next 3 months. Those with reduced distance best-corrected visual acuity had greater odds of not leaving the county in these time frames (odds ratio [OR] = 3.5; p=0.04). Minority race was associated with greater odds of not leaving town or the county in the past 2 weeks or future 3 months (OR = 4.3 to 6.4; p=0.009 to 0.049). Increased self-efficacy was associated with reduced odds of not leaving the state in the past 3 months, next 3 months, or past and/or future 3 months (OR = 0.54 to 0.55; p=0.02 to 0.03). Better physical function was associated with reduced odds of not leaving the state in the past 2 weeks or 3 months (OR = 0.96 to 0.98; p=0.01 to 0.04). Increased loneliness was related to greater odds of not leaving town in the past and/or future 3 months (OR = 1.8 to 2.0; p=0.007 to 0.009).

CONCLUSIONS
Minority race, reduced vision, self-efficacy, and physical health were related to life space restrictions in this cohort of visually impaired seniors, whereas loneliness was greater among those who were not leaving town.
Efficacy of perceptual learning in low vision: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Park Adela S. Y. , Wong Ginny H. T , Tan Ken W. S. , Cheung Blossom W. S. , Oremus Mark , Cheong Allen M. Y. , Thompson Benjamin 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUNDVisual perceptual learning (PL) shows promise for enhancing visual functions in individuals with visual impairment.OBJECTIVEThis systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of PL in improving visual function.STUDY ELIGIBILITYEligible studies were those examining the efficacy of PL in individuals with low vision.STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODSThe review protocol was registered with the international Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (ID CRD42022327545) and adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Screened studies were synthesized using random-effects meta-analysis and narrative synthesis following Synthesis Without Meta-analysis guidelines. The quality of the evidence was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool and the JBI Critical Appraisal Tool for Quasi-Experimental studies.RESULTSFifty studies were included, covering various visual impairments and employing different PL interventions. Most studies had low risk of bias. Meta-analysis showed significant improvement in visual search for individuals with cortical blindness (Hedges'g= 0.71; 95% confidence interval, 0.48 to 0.93; p=0.002); all other analyses did not show significant improvements—reading in central vision loss and cortical blindness, and visual field in peripheral vision loss and cortical blindness. However, the narrative synthesis provided evidence showing effectiveness, particularly in individuals with central vision loss and cortical blindness, demonstrating positive effects on reading, contrast sensitivity, visual field, and motion perception.LIMITATIONSVariations in study design, PL protocols, outcome measures, and measurement methods introduced heterogeneity, limiting the analysis.CONCLUSIONSThe efficacy of PL in vision rehabilitation remains uncertain. Although meta-analysis results were mostly inconclusive, the narrative synthesis indicated improved visual functions following PL, consistent with individual study findings.IMPLICATIONS OF KEY FINDINGSFuture research should optimize intervention parameters, explore long-term effects, and assess generalizability across diverse populations and visual impairment etiologies. Larger randomized controlled trials using standardized outcome measures are needed to advance the field.
Factors Associated With Pelvic Organ Prolapse in Postmenopausal South Korean Women
Authors: Kim Tae-Ran , Jung Hee-Yeong , Kim Myoung-Hwan , Yuk Jin-Sung 
Published: July 2024

Importance
This study identifies key risk factors for pelvic organ prolapse (POP) in Korean women, providing valuable insights for prevention and personalized care.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for POP in Korean women.

Study Design
This retrospective case-control study analyzed 2003–2011 Korean health checkup data in postmenopausal women diagnosed with POP (cases) and age-matched controls without POP (1:4 ratio) to identify risk factors.

Results
Of 2,506,271 participants, 34,648 patients were selected for the POP group and 138,592 patients were selected for the control group. The risk of POP was found to be increased with overweight (body mass index, 23–24.9: odds ratio [OR], 1.146; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1–1.196; body mass index, 25–29.9: OR, 1.142; 95% CI, 1.097–1.189) and multiple childbirths (2 times: OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.39–1.653; ≥3: OR, 1.639; 95% CI, 1.493–1.8). The risk of POP was found to be decreased with smoking (OR, 0.769; 95% CI, 0.688–0.861), alcohol drinking (3–6/week: OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.557–0.758), and exercise (1–2/week: OR, 0.904; 95% CI, 0.862–0.947; 3–4/week: OR, 0.896; 95% CI, 0.844–0.951; 5–6/week: OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.788–0.96).

Conclusions
This study found that overweight and multiple childbirths were associated with an increased risk of POP. Smoking, alcohol drinking, and exercise reduced the risk of POP, but socioeconomic status, age at menarche, and age at menopause were not found to be associated with POP.
Atypical presentation of varicella-zoster virus reactivation in a lung transplant patient: a case report
Authors: Hoff Ingrid , Rath Eivind , Pena-Karan Slobodanka , Sivy Nginamau Elisabeth , Holm Are Martin , Thune Turid , Mustafa Tehmina 
Published: July 2024

Background.Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a human neurotropic virus which commonly causes infection during childhood, presenting as chickenpox. Later in life it may reactivate as herpes zoster. We report a rare manifestation of reactivation of VZV infection presenting as cutaneous vasculitis and varicella pneumonia in a lung transplant recipient.Case presentation.A 65-year-old man was lung transplanted bilaterally for emphysema and had repeated posttransplant chest infections and colonization withPseudomonas aeruginosa. Nine months post-transplant he presented with dyspnoea and a cutaneous vasculitis-like eruption with a predilection over face, thorax and distal extremities. Initially, VZV reactivation was not suspected due to absence of the typical vesicular eruptions. The diagnosis was confirmed by VZV PCR from the swabs of the ulcer after skin punch biopsy of a lesion and from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). The histology of skin biopsy demonstrated epithelial damage and vascular damage but no typical epithelial virus associated changes. The patient responded to antiviral therapy with total remission of rash and VZV DNA was finally not detectable from repeated BAL after 29 days of therapy. However, the pulmonary radiological features and dyspnoea persisted due to reasons possibly unrelated to the VZV infection.Conclusion.Had it not been for the patient to mention the resemblance of the vasculitic rash with his primary VZV infection, the diagnosis would easily have been overlooked. In this case, the biopsy did not show typical histopathologic findings of VZV-vasculitis. What led the diagnosis was a PCR from the wound swab taken after the punch biopsy. This case serves as a reminder for atypical presentation of common conditions in immunosuppressed patients and that extensive diagnostic sampling may be warranted in this group.
Modulation of microglia activation after human donor retinal ganglion cell transplantation
Authors: Malechka Volha V. , Phay Monichan Hayes , Augustine Josy , Rivera John Dayron , Alt Clemens , Gregory-Ksander Meredith , Baranov Petr 
Published: July 2024

AbstractStem cell-derived retinal ganglion cell (RGC) transplantation therapy offers a promising avenue for restoring vision in patients with significant RGC loss. The major challenge in this therapeutic approach is ensuring the survival of transplanted human donor RGCs within the host retina. Previously, we demonstrated the pivotal role of host retinal microglia and macrophages in the acceptance and survival of human donor cells. This current study aimed to improve the survival and integration of human donor RGCs through modulation of the host retinal microglia. Pretreatment of human donor RGCs with annexin V and soluble FasL (sFasL) before transplantation significantly enhanced their acceptance and survival rate. Detailed analyses of the host mouse retina post- transplantation revealed morphological changes and activation patterns in microglia and macrophages. These findings indicate that sFasL and annexin V activate pro-survival pathways and foster a supportive environment for the acceptance and survival of transplanted human donor RGCs.
A computer vision-based approach for estimating carbon fluxes from sinking particles in the ocean
Authors: Amaral Vinícius J. , Durkin Colleen A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe gravitational settling of organic particles in the ocean drives long term sequestration of carbon from surface waters to the deep ocean. Quantifying the magnitude of carbon sequestration flux at high spatiotemporal resolution is critical for monitoring the ocean’s ability to sequester carbon as ecological conditions change. Here, we propose a computer vision-based method for classifying images of sinking marine particles and using allometric relationships to estimate the amount of carbon that the particles transport to the deep ocean. We show that our method reduces the amount of time required by a human image annotator by at least 90% while producing ecologically- informed estimates of carbon flux that are comparable to estimates based on purely human review and chemical bulk carbon measurements. This method utilizes a human-in-the-loop domain adaptation approach to leverage images collected from previous sampling campaigns in classifying images from novel campaigns in the future. If used in conjunction with autonomous imaging platforms deployed throughout the world’s oceans, this method has the potential to provide estimates of carbon sequestration fluxes at high spatiotemporal resolution while facilitating an understanding of the ecological pathways that are most important in driving these fluxes.