bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The level of dental fear and anxiety is higher in children with both severe Molar-Incisor Hypomineralisation and active dental caries lesions compared to children without these conditions
Authors: Rodríguez Ó. A. , Laverde M. , Rojas-Gualdrón D. F. , Cárdenas J. M. , Mejía J. D. , de Farias A. L. , Santos-Pinto L. , Restrepo M. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To assess levels of dental fear and anxiety (DFA) in children with and without Molar-Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) and dental caries lesions.

Methods
In this cross-sectional observational study, 159 children between 8 and 12 years of age were included. For the evaluation of DFA, children responded to the validated version of the Children’s Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale. MIH was assessed using the MIH Index. To evaluate the activity of dental caries lesions and dental caries experience, the Nyvad criterion and the dmft/DMFT index were used, respectively. Dental hypersensitivity was evaluated using air stimulation and a Visual Analogue Scale. The association between MIH and dental caries with DFA was assessed using the generalised linear model with Poisson family, identity link function and robust variance estimation. The significance level was set at 5%.

Results
The mean DFA score was 28.3 (SD = 13.4) with scores ranging from 15 to 64. Amongst children presenting both MIH and dental caries, the perception of DFA was notably higher compared to those with either MIH or dental caries alone. The activity of caries lesion in patients with MIH also influenced DFA levels (diff: 18.6; 95% CI: 12.0–25.2; p < 0.001). Dental caries experience in the primary dentition also demonstrated statistical significance concerning DFA (95% CI: 0.8–13.3; p value = 0.027).

Conclusion
Children with MIH exhibit higher levels of DFA than children without MIH. The experience of dental caries and the activity of caries lesions significantly influence the perception of DFA in children with MIH.
Malocclusion in deciduous dentition: a cross-sectional study in a Portuguese preschool population
Authors: Esperancinha C. , Mendes S. , Bernardo M. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To determine the prevalence of malocclusion in Portuguese preschool children, to characterise occlusion in the deciduous dentition, and to study the relationship between malocclusion, sex, and age.

Methods
This cross-sectional study included 3–6 years old children, from 25 randomly selected kindergartens from the Lisbon district. Data were collected through an oral examination. Malocclusion was defined as the presence of any type of occlusion anomaly (anterior crossbite, edge-to-edge, increased overjet, open bite, deep overbite, posterior crossbite, scissor bite), spacing anomaly (crowding), or dentition anomaly (supernumerary teeth, agenesis, malformations). Canine class, terminal plane of the deciduous second molars and type of Baume arch were also recorded. Statistical analysis included descriptive and chi-squared test (α = 0.05).

Results
The sample included 426 children with a global prevalence of malocclusion of 60.6%. Occlusion anomalies were the most prevalent (59.2%), the most frequent being deep overbite (27%), increased overjet (22.1%) and posterior crossbite (14.1%). Crowding had a prevalence of 1.6% and agenesis of 1.4%. Class I canine (57.3%), straight second molar terminal plane (60.1%) and type I Baume arch (53.3%) were the most common. The mean overjet was 2.6 mm (sd = 2.1) and the mean overbite was 2.2 mm (sd = 2.1). Age was associated with the presence of occlusion anomalies (p = 0.03), and increased overjet prevalence was found to be higher in girls (p = 0.03).

Conclusions
The prevalence of malocclusion was high, with occlusion anomalies being the most prevalent. It is important to identify modifiable risk factors associated with malocclusion to prevent this condition in both the deciduous and permanent dentitions.
Modeling static friction behavior of elastic–plastic spherical adhesive microcontact in full-stick condition
Authors: Xiang Guo , Goltsberg Roman , Etsion Izhak 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe static friction behavior of an elastic–plastic spherical adhesive microcontact between a rigid flat and a deformable sphere under combined normal and tangential loading is studied by the finite element method (FEM). The contact between the sphere and the rigid flat is assumed to be full-stick, and the sliding inception is related to a loss of tangential stiffness. The intermolecular force between the rigid flat and the sphere is assessed by the Lennard–Jones (LJ) potential, which is applied to the sphere and the rigid flat by a user subroutine. The evolution of the adhesive force with tangential displacement in the full-stick condition is revealed. The results indicate that the increasing effect of adhesive energy on the static friction coefficient gradually diminishes with an increase in the adhesive energy and the external normal load. Finally, based on an extensive parametric study, an empirical dimensionless expression is obtained to predict the static friction coefficient of the spherical adhesive microcontact considering the intermolecular force.
Fabrication of PMMA nanocomposite biomaterials reinforced by cellulose nanocrystals extracted from rice husk for dental applications
Authors: Fouly Ahmed , Daoush Walid M. , Elqady Hesham I. , Abdo Hany S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe primary objective of global studies is to develop the properties and durability of polymers for various applications. When it comes to dental disability, denture base materials must have sufficient mechanical and tribological performance in order to withstand the forces experienced in the mouth. This work aims to investigate the effects of the addition of low content of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) on the mechanical and tribological performance of the polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) nanocomposites. Different weight percent of CNC (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 wt%) were added to the PMMA matrix followed by ball milling to evenly distribute the nanoparticles reinforced phase in the matrix phase. The findings emphasize the significant impact of CNC integration on the performance of PMMA nanocomposites. By increasing the content of the CNC nanoparticles, the mechanical properties of PMMA were improved. In addition, the tribological outcomes demonstrated a significant reduction in the friction coefficient besides an enhancement in the wear resistance as the weight percentage of nanoparticles increased. The surface of the worn samples was investigated by utilizing SEM to identify the wear mechanisms corresponding to the different compositions. In addition, a finite elment model (FEM) was developed to ascertain the thickness of the worn layer and the generated stressed on the surfaces of the nanocomposite throughout the friction process.
Introducing a Synchronous Workshop Feedback Model for OSCE Development in an International Education Partnership
Authors: Gondhalekar Anjali , Arfeen Zakia , Mohsen Lamiaa , Shabrawy Marwa el , Mokhtar Hend , Rashid Mohammed Ahmed 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUniversity College London (UCL) and Newgiza University (NGU) have been in an academic collaboration since 2016. We describe the introduction of a real-time feedback model for OSCE assessments within this partnership. We developed a workshop for faculty members at UCL and NGU to co-develop OSCE stations for use in final year summative exams at NGU. Structured discussions in small groups about content and logistics of each proposed station enabled the teams to jointly finalise the assessment blueprint and station list. A synchronous workshop model has since become a popular method to improve assessment quality and co-develop assessments in international settings.
Hydrogen Plasma for Low-Carbon Extractive Metallurgy: Oxides Reduction, Metals Refining, and Wastes Processing
Authors: Satritama B. , Cooper C. , Fellicia D. , Pownceby M. I. , Palanisamy S. , Ang A. , Mukhlis R. Z. , Pye J. , Rahbari A. , Brooks G. A. , Rhamdhani M. A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCarbon-rich sources, such as coal and carbon monoxide gas, have been extensively used in the metal industry as the reducing agent of metal oxides and as the energy source for metal production. Consequently, the extractive metal sector contributes to approximately 9.5% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Hydrogen gas offers a promising alternative to using carbon in metallurgical processes as an eco-friendly reductant and energy provider that produces water vapor as a by-product. However, molecular hydrogen has some barriers to implementation. These primarily concern the thermodynamics and kinetics of metal oxide reduction. To address these issues, researchers have explored the use of hydrogen plasma, which is generated by applying high energy to molecular hydrogen to produce atomic, ionic, and excited hydrogen species. Hydrogen plasma has thermodynamic and kinetic advantages over molecular hydrogen and carbon-based reductants since it exhibits a lower standard Gibbs free energy of reaction for H2O formation and a lower activation energy. Hydrogen plasma is also a versatile reductant as it is proven on a laboratory scale to produce metal in fewer steps, process a wide range of oxides feed and feed sizes, and be used to refine metals. There are, however, some limitations to using hydrogen plasma in extractive metallurgy. These include the cost of electricity, potential back reactions or reoxidation, and industrial scale-up challenges such as heat utilization or heat loss minimization. This study undertakes a comprehensive review of prior research on the use of hydrogen plasma for metal oxides reduction and reviewing state-of-the-art techniques for its use in extractive metallurgy applications. An overview of hydrogen plasma utilization for producing and refining several metals from primary or secondary feed materials, the many types of plasma reactors, and the commonly used parameters for each metal production process are also presented. Prospects and potential feasibility of the hydrogen plasma route are also discussed.
Graphical Abstract
Vibration Control of Smooth and Discontinuous Oscillator via Negative Derivative Feedback
Authors: Amer Y. A. , Abdullah R. E. , khaled O. M. , Mahdy A. M. S. , El-Salam M. N. Abd 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The desired of this study is to decrease the vibrations of smooth and discontinuous (SD) oscillator using negative derivative feedback (NDF) controller.

Methods
The system has been analyzed approximately employing the method of multiple scales to derive the solution up to the first approximation.

Conclusion
The impact of negative derivative feedback (NDF) controller on smooth and discontinuous (SD) oscillator has been investigated under the condition of a simultaneous resonance $$(\Omega=\omega_1, \omega_1=\omega_2)$$

(
Ω
=

ω
1

,

ω
1

=

ω
2

)

.The influence of various parameters has been elucidated numerically using MATLAB. The results demonstrate a strong agreement between the approximate solution and the numerical solution.
Evolution of a solitary wave: optical soliton, soliton molecule and soliton crystal
Authors: Singh Prashant , Senthilnathan K. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis review embarks on a captivating odyssey of tracing the birth of light from the Big Bang to its intricate interplay with materials. It delves into the fundamental truth that nonlinearity is ubiquitous, and induces fascinating spatiotemporal structures, chaos, and complexity in the medium. After a brief exploration of waves and the effect of nonlinearity in diverse domains, the review article focuses on the field of photonics. This comprehensive review dives into the captivating physics of solitons. This study explores the formation of solitons in optical fibers due to specific nonlinear effects within the material, such as the Kerr effect, the fundamental behaviour of solitons in integrable models, diverse interactions, and the formation of intricate soliton molecules, soliton complexes, and soliton crystals within the dissipative optical systems. We analyse key research on optical solitons and highlight the control of optical solitons for advancements in communication systems, signal processing, optical computing, quantum technologies, etc. Through a meticulous research survey, we find that there is a limited understanding of weak soliton interactions. Further, more theoretical models to be investigated for exploring anisotropy of material and optomechanical interplay. Bridging these gaps will definitely propel future soliton research.
Pluralist economics in an era of polycrisis
Authors: Schulz Jan , Hötte Kerstin , Mayerhoffer Daniel M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractInteracting crises at economic, societal, ecological, and geopolitical levels reveal the fragility of connected global systems and give momentum to pluralist economic thinking as a suitable approach to address the complexity and uncertainty of today’s economy. This special issue (SI) explores how young economists, educated in this era, study economic phenomena through pluralist lenses. Due to the structure of interdependent crises and inherent uncertainty, pluralism of values, theory and methods may benefit the academic and policy debate on solutions for today’s political, social, and scientific challenges. Applied to the crisis context, this SI shows a range of research methods and interdisciplinary approaches, reflecting a shift in economic thinking that embraces the complexity, limited predictability, and fragility of socioeconomic systems. The SI aims to promote a dialogue across schools of economic thought to enhance our understanding and contribute to robust and inclusive policy.
Obsidian Tool Function and Maya Lithic Economy at Terminal Classic Pook's Hill, Belize: Subsistence, Domestic Activities, and Craft Production
Authors: Stemp W. James , Helmke Christophe , Braswell Geoffrey E. , Awe Jaime J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe typological, technological, and use-wear analyses of obsidian artifacts from Terminal Classic Pook's Hill (AD 830–950+) provide opportunities to better reconstruct socioeconomic activities in this plazuela group, including long-distance trade, tool production, subsistence practices, domestic tasks, and the organization of craft production. Based on visual sourcing, most of the obsidian originated from highland Guatemala, specifically El Chayal. The majority of obsidian artifacts were prismatic blades, although both casual and bipolar reduction of blade cores and the recycling of blades from earlier occupations occurred at the site. Use-wear analysis reveals that obsidian tools were mainly used for subsistence and domestic household activities; however, the concentrations of tools with specific wear patterns (bone, ceramic, plants, and shell) at some locations in the plazuela provide evidence for local craft production among the population. Further support for craft production is provided by comparable use-wear on chert/chalcedony tools from these same locations. The products of low-level craft production were used within Pook's Hill itself and may have been distributed to neighboring communities within the Roaring Creek and Upper Belize River Valleys. Despite the sociopolitical and socioeconomic disruptions to lifeways that accompanied the Terminal Classic period, the Pook's Hill Maya seem to have experienced minimal upheaval in their daily lives and continued local low-level craft production. However, one important change in the Terminal Classic appears to be the increased difficulty in obtaining obsidian at Pook's Hill and the growing need for tool recycling and raw material conservation.
Implications of Rock Art Aesthetics in Olmec Sculpture
Authors: Mollenhauer Jillian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe development of freestanding stone sculpture by the Olmec people of Mesoamerica's Gulf lowlands has long been considered one of the defining artistic achievements of the Formative period. However, by the Middle Formative period the production of freestanding sculpture was often eclipsed by the contemporaneous creation of rock art outside the Gulf lowlands. In this article I argue that Gulf Olmec sculptors and audiences occasionally co-opted the aesthetic and ritual treatments of rock art at topographic shrines to construct and reinforce the sacred geographies of primary site cores. In so doing, Olmec elites converted the ideological power of the wild and the animate earth into a form of political capital.
The Constitutionally Illogical Whig Presidency
Authors: Cash Jordan T. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis article examines the Whig Party’s conception of the presidency and argues that it failed to take hold because the idea of an executive which is subordinate or deferential to the legislative branch is fundamentally at odds with the Constitution. To show this, I assess the four presidents from the Whig Party: William Henry Harrison, John Tyler, Zachary Taylor, and Millard Fillmore. Each of these presidents entered office supporting the Whigs’ ideological vision of legislative supremacy and weak executive power, yet quickly abandoned that vision once in office. I contend that this demonstrates the constitutional logic of the presidency and the way it shapes the officeholder’s perspective, orienting presidents toward a robust understanding of executive power. In short, presidents do not act like Whigs because the Constitution directs them not to.
The Roman siege system of Masada: a 3D computerized analysis of a conflict landscape
Authors: Ashkenazi Hai , Ze'evi-Berger Omer , Gross Boaz , Stiebel Guy D. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe 1st-c. CE Roman siege system of Masada exhibits a high degree of preservation due to its remote location and the arid climate. However, unlike the thoroughly excavated Masada fortress, the siege system has not received due attention. This article is part of a research project aimed at advancing our understanding of the conflict landscape around Masada using contemporary archaeological methods. Following a comprehensive surface survey and photogrammetric 3D modelling, we show that the circumvallation wall stood to a height of 2–2.5 m and served several functions – as an obstacle, a means of psychological warfare, and a platform from which to mount counterattacks. Based on our measurements and workload estimations, we argue that the construction of the siege wall and the camps around Masada occurred fairly quickly.
Exploring stigma, shame, and safety behaviours in social anxiety and paranoia amongst people diagnosed with schizophrenia
Authors: Aunjitsakul Warut , Jongbowonwiwat Kreuwan , Lambe Sinead , Freeman Daniel , McLeod Hamish J. , Gumley Andrew 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground:Social anxiety and paranoia are connected by a shared suspicion framework. Based on cognitive-behavioural approaches, there is evidence for treating social anxiety and psychosis. However, mechanisms underlying the relationship between social anxiety and paranoia remain unclear.Aims:To investigate mediators between social anxiety and paranoia in schizophrenia such as negative social appraisals (i.e. stigma or shame; Hypothesis 1), and safety behaviours (i.e. anxious avoidance or in situ safety behaviours; Hypothesis 2).Method:A cross-sectional study was conducted among Asian out-patients with schizophrenia (January–April 2020). Data on social anxiety, paranoia, depression, shame, stigma, anxious avoidance, and in situ behaviours were collected. Associations between social anxiety and paranoia were investigated using linear regressions. Mediation analysis via 10,000 bias-corrected bootstrap samples with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was used to test the indirect effects (ab) of mediators.Results:Participants (n=113, 59.3% male) with a mean age of 44.2 years were recruited. A linear relationship between social anxiety and paranoia was found. In multiple mediation analyses (co-varying for depression), stigma and shame (Hypothesis 1) did not show any significant indirect effects with ab=.004 (95%CI=–.013, .031) and –.003 (–.023, .017), respectively, whereas in situ behaviours (Hypothesis 2) showed a significant effect with ab=.110 (.038, .201) through the social anxiety–paranoia relationship.Conclusions:Social anxiety and paranoia are positively correlated. In situ safety behaviours fully mediated the social anxiety and paranoia relationship. Targeted interventions focusing on safety behaviours could help reduce paranoia in psychosis. Symptom severity should be measured to help characterise the participants’ characteristics.
Unraveling massive star and binary physics in the nearby low-Z galaxy SMC as a proxy for high-redshift galaxies
Authors: Pauli Daniel 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLow metallicity (Z) massive stars are among the main feedback agents in the early Universe and in present-day blue dwarf galaxies. The nearby star-forming SMC galaxy offers conditions which resemble those at redshift z∼2 i.e. where modern galaxies formed and star formation peaked. Here we present the recent results about the nature of the eclipsing O-type binary in the SMC, AzV 476, to gain insights on the properties of massive stars and binaries at earlier cosmic epochs. We find that the primary has surprisingly low mass while being much brighter and hotter than the secondary. To place the measured stellar properties in the evolutionary context we modeled the system and confirm that AzV 476 is a post-interaction binary with the primary already being core helium (He) burning, while still having a hydrogen-rich (H-rich) envelope. These results constrain massive binary evolutionary scenarios and guide the searches of stripped stars in low-Z environments.
Binarity in Massive Young Stellar Objects
Authors: Shenton Robert G. , Oudmaijer René D. , Lumsden Stuart L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMost massive stars (up to 100%) are thought to be in binary systems. The multiplicity of massive stars seems to be intrinsically linked to their formation and evolution, and so Massive Young Stellar Objects are key in observing this early stage of star formation. We have surveyed hundreds of MYSOs across the Galaxy from the RMS catalogue, using UKIDSS and VVV point source data. Preliminary results show binary fractions of 44±3% for the UKIDSS sample and 32±3% for the VVV sample. In addition we use the K-band magnitudes as a proxy for the companion mass, and find a significant fraction of the detected companions have estimated mass ratios greater than 0.5, which suggests a deviation from the capture formation scenario.
Observations and modeling of two Type IIP supernovae in M61: similar yet so different
Authors: Teja Rishabh Singh , Anupama G. C. , Sahu D. K. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe present photometric and spectroscopic studies of two type IIP SNe (SN 2008in and SN 2020jfo), to infer their physical parameters. These SNe exploded in the same host galaxy, M 61 (NGC 4303), at different epochs. SN 2008in was a normal Type IIP event with plateau length of ∼ 100 d and MV= –16.4 ± 0.4 mag, whereas SN 2020jfo was a short plateau (∼60 d) event with MV= –17.4 ± 0.4 mag. Hydrodynamical modeling on these events using the MESA+STELLA framework suggests that the progenitors of both the objects were Red Super Giant (RSG) stars with mass , but with different evolutionary history and environment.