bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diffusivity in multiple scattering systems
Authors: Chumley Timothy , Feres Renato , Zhang Hong-Kun 
Published: April 2015

We consider random flights of point particles inside

n
n

-dimensional channels of the form

R

k

×

B

n
−
k

\mathbb {R}^{k}\times \mathbb {B}^{n-k}

, where

B

n
−
k

\mathbb {B}^{n-k}

is a ball of radius

r
r

in dimension

n
−
k

n-k

. The sequence of particle velocities taken immediately after each collision with the boundary of the channel comprise a Markov chain whose transition probabilities operator

P
P

is determined by a choice of (billiard-like) random mechanical model of the particle-surface interaction at the “microscopic” scale. Markov operators obtained in this way are natural, which means, in particular, that (1) the (at the surface) Maxwell-Boltzmann velocity distribution with a given surface temperature, when the surface model contains moving parts, or (2) the so-called Knudsen cosine law, when this model is purely geometric, is the stationary distribution of

P
P

.

Our central concern is the relationship between the surface scattering properties encoded in

P
P

and the constant of diffusivity of a Brownian motion obtained by an appropriate limit of the random flight in the channel. We show by a suitable generalization of a central limit theorem of Kipnis and Varadhan how the diffusivity is expressed in terms of the spectrum of

P
P

and compute, in the case of

2
2

-dimensional channels, the exact values of the diffusivity for a class of parametric microscopic surface models of the above geometric type (2).
The design and analysis of binary variable traits in common garden genetic experiments of highly fecund species to assess heritability
Authors: Davies Sarah W. , Scarpino Samuel V. , Pongwarin Thanapat , Scott James , Matz Mikhail V. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMany biologically important traits are binomially distributed, with their key phenotypes being presence or absence. Despite their prevalence, estimating the heritability of binomial traits presents both experimental and statistical challenges. Here we develop both an empirical and computational methodology for estimating the narrow-sense heritability of binary traits for highly fecund species. Our experimental approach controls for undesirable culturing effects, while minimizing culture numbers, increasing feasibility in the field. Our statistical approach accounts for known issues with model-selection by using a permutation test to calculate significance values and includes both fitting and power calculation methods. We illustrate our methodology by estimating the narrow-sense heritability for larval settlement, a key life-history trait, in the reef-building coralOrbicella faveolata. The experimental, statistical and computational methods, along with all of the data from this study, were deployed in the R package multiDimBio.
Prototype and numerical studies of interference characteristics of two ski-jump jets from opening spillway gates
Authors: Xiao Yexiang , Wang Zhengwei , Zeng Jidi , Zheng jintai , Lin Jiayang , Zhang Lanjin 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to experimentally and numerically investigate the interference characteristics between two ski-jump jets on the flip bucket in a large dam spillway when two floodgates are running.

Design/methodology/approach
– The volume of fluid (VOF) method together with the Realizable k-ε turbulence model were used to predict the flow in two ski-jump jets and the free surface motion in a large dam spillway. The movements of the two gates were simulated using a dynamic mesh controlled by a User Defined Function (UDF). The simulations were run using the prototype dam as the field test to minimize errors due to scale effects. The simulation results are compared with field test observations.

Findings
– The transient flow calculations, accurately predict the two gate discharges compared to field data with the predicted ski-jump jet interference flow pattern similar to the observed shapes. The transient simulations indicate that the main reason for the deflected nappe is the larger opening difference between the two gates as the buttress side gate closes. When both gates are running, the two ski-jump jets interfere in the flip bucket and raise the jet nappe to near the buttress to form a secondary flow on this jet nappe surface. As the gate continues to close, the nappe surface continues to rise and the surface secondary flow become stronger, which deflects the nappe over the side buttress.

Originality/value
– A dynamic mesh is used to simulate the transient flow behavior of two prototype running gates. The transient flow simulation clarifies the hydraulics mechanism for how the two ski-jump jets interfere and deflect the nappe.
Seismic damage evaluation of reinforced concrete slit walls
Authors: Baetu Sergiu Andrei , Barbat A H , Ciongradi Ioan Petru 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate a dissipative reinforced concrete structural wall that can improve the behavior of a tall multi-storey building. The main objective is to evaluate the damage of a dissipative wall in comparison with that of a solid wall.

Design/methodology/approach
– In this paper, a comparative nonlinear dynamic analysis between a dissipative wall and a solid wall is performed by means of SAP2000 software and using a layer model. The solution to increase the seismic performance of a reinforced concrete structural wall is to create a slit zone with short connections. The short connections are introduced as a link element with multi-linear pivot hysteretic plasticity behavior. The behavior of these short connections is modeled using the finite element software ANSYS 12. In this study, the authors propose to evaluate the damage of reinforced concrete slit walls with short connections using seismic analysis.

Findings
– Using the computational model created in the second section of the paper, a seismic analysis of a dissipative wall from a multi-storey building was done in the third section. From the results obtained, the advantages of the proposed model are observed.

Originality/value
– A simple computational model was created that consume low processing resources and reduces processing time for a dynamic pushover analysis. Unlike other studies on slit walls with short connections, which are focussed mostly on the nonlinear dynamic behavior of the short connections, in this paper the authors take into consideration the whole structural system, wall and connections.
Numerical approaches to stability analysis of cylindrical composite shells based on load imperfections
Authors: Asmolovskiy Nikolay , Tkachuk Anton , Bischoff Manfred 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– Current procedures of buckling load estimation for thin-walled structures may provide very conservative estimates. Their refinement offers the potential to use structure and material properties more efficiently. Due to the large variety of design variables, for example laminate layup in composite structures, a prohibitively large number of tests would be required for experimental assessment, and thus reliable numerical techniques are of particular interest. The purpose of this paper is to analyze different methods of numerical buckling load estimation, formulate simulation procedures suitable for commercial software and give recommendations regarding their application. All investigations have been carried out for cylindrical composite shells; however similar approaches are feasible for other structures as well.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors develop a concept to apply artificial load imperfections with the aim to estimate as good as possible lower bounds for the buckling loads of shells for which the actual physical imperfections are not known. Single and triple perturbation load approach, global and local dynamic perturbation approach and path following techniques are applied to the analysis of a cylindrical composite shell with known buckling characteristics. Results of simulations are compared with published experimental data.

Findings
– A single perturbation load approach is reproduced and modified. Buckling behavior for negative values of the perturbation load is examined and a pattern similar to a positive perturbation load is observed. Simulations with three perturbation forces show a decreased (i. e. more critical) value of the buckling load compared to the single perturbation load approach. Global and local dynamic perturbation approaches exhibit a behavior suitable for lower bound estimation for structures with arbitrary geometries.

Originality/value
– Various load imperfection approaches to buckling load estimation are validated and compared. All investigated methods do not require knowledge of the real geometrical imperfections of the structure. Simulations were performed using a commercial finite element code. Investigations of sensitivity with respect to a single perturbation load are extended to the negative range of the perturbation load amplitude. A specific pattern for a global perturbation approach was developed, and based on it a novel simulation procedure is proposed.
Case study of a humanitarian logistics simulation exercise and insights for training design
Authors: Gralla Erica , Goentzel Jarrod , Chomilier Bernard 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to describe and analyze a successful training exercise in detail, through both a practical and a theoretical lens, in order to identify critical aspects of its success and enable others to build upon it; and to capture insights and lessons learned in a framework that will facilitate the design of future trainings for a variety of goals and audiences.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors document and analyze the case study of a successful humanitarian logistics training exercise: the World Food Programme’s Logistics Response Team (WFP’s LRT) training. The LRT is described in detail in order to capture the extensive knowledge and experience that went into developing the full-scale, immersive exercise.

Findings
– The authors evaluate the LRT training through a theoretical lens, considering how it teaches the diverse set of skills required and identifying reasons for its success. The authors contrast the LRT with a light version developed for classroom use, and capture insights in a framework that highlights critical aspects of training design.

Research limitations/implications
– The requirements and design aspects highlighted in the framework are very high level, but they focus attention on key aspects that should be considered. Future research should develop more targeted metrics for evaluating what people learn from training exercises. More generally, a systematic approach to capturing knowledge and codifying good practices should be developed.

Practical implications
– The detailed case study and framework provide a basis for the design and improvement of simulated emergency training exercises, which are common in the humanitarian practice community.

Originality/value
– The case study of WFP’s LRT training formally documents valuable knowledge and experience that went into its development. The humanitarian community can use the proposed framework to more systematically evaluate, improve, and extend training exercises.
Engaging donors in smart compassion: USAID CIDI’s Greatest Good Donation Calculator
Authors: Özpolat Koray , Rilling Juanita , Altay Nezih , Chavez Eric 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to introduce a game-like decision tool – “Greatest Good Donations Calculator (GGDC)”, which has been collaboratively developed by scholars from the University of Rhode Island and the USAID Center for International Disaster Information.Design/methodology/approach– The study is grounded in two streams of research – human learning through games and systems dynamics literature. The problem of “unsolicited in-kind donations” is discussed followed by the development of the GGDC.Findings– The GGDC is a game-like decision tool that informs users on some of the complexities associated with humanitarian supply chains, and the ineffective nature of unsolicited in-kind donations compared to monetary contributions when sent in response to international disasters.Research limitations/implications– The GGDC could be made more interactive and playable that could improve user engagement. The GGDC’s value to the humanitarian community and public could also be measured in other ways, such as surveys and A/B split tests after a major donation campaign.Practical implications– Games, simulations and game-like tools could successfully be used to educate donors about smart compassion.Social implications– Humanitarian researchers and scholars should consider more games to motivate/drive social change in the humanitarian world.Originality/value– This is the first paper to introduce the GGDC to the humanitarian logistics community with detailed content about positioning the study in the academic literature, and stages of development. Scholars, searching to adopt games or developing new games for the humanitarian world may find the information valuable. The GGDC is a unique example of federal government – academia collaboration in raising public awareness of the unsolicited good donations problem.
The participant as evolving protagonist
Authors: Pelosi Ligia 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of the participant in narrative research. Rather than a passive and static element, the participant often adds a vibrant, evolving and independent dimension to the process.

Design/methodology/approach
– The focus of this type of methodology is creative and unpredictable. Featured in the paper is the use of ethnographic fiction to examine and represent themes emerging from the data.

Findings
– The participant’s contribution to narrative research introduces an unexpected quantity to the findings, which can redefine how questions, perspectives and direction of the research are framed.

Research limitations/implications
– The research process can be viewed as a reciprocal event, a space where both researcher and participant co-exist, redefine understandings and contribute to findings in collaboration. This process relies heavily on relationships, and may be impaired if participant and researcher do not develop a suitable rapport.

Practical implications
– This particular methodology can be unpredictable. As a creative process that depends on the development of sound personal relationships between participant and researcher, reliance on the researcher’s insight, ingenuity and resourcefulness is essential.

Social implications
– This paper focuses on the participant as equal protagonist in the research process. It seeks to view the research process differently, highlighting how and why narrative research can be a significant journey of growth and discovery for the participant as well as for the researcher.

Originality/value
– Arts-based methodologies in qualitative research are still in a phase of exploration. The use of fiction writing in narrative research is a powerful way to explore issues in a way that connects researcher, participant and audience in meaningful discourse.
Winter microhabitat selection of a threatened pond amphibian in constructed urban wetlands
Authors: Garnham James I. , Stockwell Michelle P. , Pollard Carla J. , Pickett Evan J. , Bower Deborah S. , Clulow John , Mahony Michael J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMitigating the threat of habitat loss requires actions such as restoring and creating new habitat. In order to effectively achieve this, species habitat requirements and use patterns need to be understood. While many studies have been conducted on the habitat choice of species, these generally focused on habitat use during periods of high activity and detection probability without considering seasonal shifts in habitat use. Understanding habitat selection by frogs during the winter season of low activity may be crucial since it may differ from that used during the summer and may be overlooked as important for population success. We describe the microhabitat use of the threatened green and golden bell frog (Litoria aurea) using radio tracking methods during winter when detection is low and knowledge is limited. We followed 26 individuals betweenMay andJuly, 2011 to determine whether they selected specific overwintering microhabitats and related this to levels of individual exposure to predators, distance from the edge of the water and temperature of microhabitats. We found that overwintering bell frogs inhabited reeds and rock gabions more frequently than expected and that females used a reduced subset of microhabitats compared to males. Additionally, microhabitats used were more likely to conceal an individual from view, and the majority of overwintering sites were located within 5 m of the edge of the water which may be important for reducing the risk of predation and desiccation. Rock gabions had significantly warmer (1.2°C–1.8°C) mean temperatures than the other microhabitats used. The information presented here can be used in habitat creation and reintroduction programmes to provide habitat which is suitable during both the breeding and non‐breeding season for the conservation of other populations.
Intrinsically impaired platelet production in some patients with persistent or chronic immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Rivière Étienne , Viallard Jean‐François , Guy Alexandre , Kilani Badr , Vieira‐Dias Juliana , Pons Anne C. , Couffinhal Thierry , Pellegrin Jean‐Luc , James Chloé 
Published: April 2015

SummaryPersistent or chronic immune thrombocytopenias (P/C‐ITP) are acquired blood disorders lasting more than 3 months or 1 year, respectively. The pathogenesis of these disorders is thought to be immunological. We hypothesized that some patients with P/C‐ITP might have an intrinsic megakaryopoiesis defect. We identified a group of P/C‐ITP patients with acquired isolated mild thrombocytopenia (30–100 × 109/l), undetectable anti‐platelet antibodies, negative autoimmune investigations and no need for treatment. We examined in vitro megakaryocyte differentiation and compared these patients' results with those of acute‐ITP patients and healthy controls. No difference in proliferation, ploidy or expression of surface markers was found. In contrast, P/C‐ITP patients had significantly fewer proplatelet‐forming megakaryocytes. This novel observation demonstrated that some patients diagnosed with P/C‐ITP have an intrinsic megakaryopoiesis defect independent of the bone‐marrow environment. Further investigations are needed to dissect mechanisms underlying this impaired proplatelet formation in these patients.
Preserving the Past: An Early Interview Improves Delayed Event Memory in Children With Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Brown Deirdre A. , Lewis Charlie N. , Lamb Michael E. 
Published: April 2015

The influence of an early interview on children's (N = 194) later recall of an experienced event was examined in children with mild and moderate intellectual disabilities (CWID; 7–12 years) and typically developing (TD) children matched for chronological (7–12 years) or mental (4–9 years) age. Children previously interviewed were more informative, more accurate, and less suggestible. CWID (mild) recalled as much information as TD mental age matches, and were as accurate as TD chronological age matches. CWID (moderate) recalled less than TD mental age matches but were as accurate. Interviewers should elicit CWID's recall as early as possible and consider developmental level and severity of impairments when evaluating eyewitness testimony.
Looking again at troubled families: parents' perspectives on multiple adversities
Authors: Bunting Lisa , Webb Mary Anne , Shannon Rachel 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe ‘Troubled Families’ policy and intervention agenda is based on a deficit approach that tends to ignore the role of structural disadvantage in the lives of the families it targets. In an effort to support this rhetoric, both quantitative and qualitative data have been used, and misused, to create a representation of these families, which emphasizes risk and individual blame and minimizes societal factors. This current paper presents findings from an in‐depth qualitative study using a biographical narrative approach to explore parents' experiences of multiple adversities at different times over the life‐course. Key themes relating to the pattern and nature of adversities experienced by participants provide a more nuanced understanding of the lives of families experiencing multiple and complex problems, highlighting how multiple interpretations are often possible within the context of professional intervention. The findings support the increasing call to move away from procedurally driven, risk averse child protection practice towards more relationally based practice, which addresses not only the needs of all family members but recognizes parents as individuals in their own right.
Correlation between Initial BIC and the Insertion Torque/Depth Integral Recorded with an Instantaneous Torque‐Measuring Implant Motor: An in vivo Study
Authors: Capparé Paolo , Vinci Raffaele , Di Stefano Danilo Alessio , Traini Tonino , Pantaleo Giuseppe , Gherlone Enrico Felice , Gastaldi Giorgio 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundQuantitative intraoperative evaluation of bone quality at implant placement site and postinsertion implant primary stability assessment are two key parameters to perform implant‐supported rehabilitation properly. A novel micromotor has been recently introduced allowing to measure bone density at implant placement site and to record implant insertion‐related parameters, such as the instantaneous, average and peak insertion torque values, and the insertion torque/depth integral.PurposeThe aim of this study was to investigate in vivo if any correlation existed between initial bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC) and bone density and integral values recorded with the instrument.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐five patients seeking for implant‐supported rehabilitation of edentulous areas were consecutively treated. Before implant placement, bone density at the insertion site was measured. For each patient, an undersized 3.3 × 8‐mm implant was placed, recording the insertion torque/depth integral values. After 15 minutes, the undersized implant was retrieved with a 0.5 mm‐thick layer of bone surrounding it. Standard implants were consequently placed. Retrieved implants were analyzed for initial BIC quantification after fixation, dehydration, acrylic resin embedment, sections cutting and grinding, and toluidine‐blue and acid fuchsine staining. Correlation between initial BIC values, bone density at the insertion site, and the torque/depth integral values was investigated by linear regression analysis.ResultsA significant linear correlation was found to exist between initial BIC and (a) bone density at the insertion site (R = 0.96, explained variance R2 = 0.92) and (b) torque/depth integral at placement (R = 0.81, explained variance R2 = 0.66).ConclusionsThe system provided quantitative, reliable data correlating significantly with immediate postinsertion initial BIC, and could therefore represent a valuable tool both for clinical research and for the oral implantologist in his/her daily clinical practice.