bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SS54-04 UNVEILING VULNERABILITIES: WORKER PROTECTION PRACTICES IN SMALL-SCALE INDUSTRIES
Authors: Suraya Anna 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
A significant portion of workers in small-scale industries (SSIs), remain unprotected and experience job insecurity. This study aims to shed light on the current practices of worker protection in SSIs in Indonesia.

Materials and Methods
Interviews and observations were conducted in six SSIs to assess workers' understanding and the practice of the occupational safety and health (OSH) program. Following the results, an OSH training was organized, and a guideline OSH book was provided to the employers at the program's conclusion.

Results
Out of the six industries studied, only one had implemented an OSH program. The findings revealed a limited understanding of OSH among employers and workers. The primary reason cited by employers was the constraint of limited budgets. Workers were unaware of their employers' duty to ensure their safety. Many workers were hired based on personal relationships or regional affiliations, leading to industries being managed based on kinship. Consequently, job insecurity was viewed as a typical challenge they had to contend with. After having the training, there was a clear demand for more educational programs and innovative ways to address these issues due to facility constraints. Interestingly, there was resistance from some workers who felt that their experience rendered them more knowledgeable about their work environment.

Conclusions
As the majority of the workforces in low-income countries are employed in SSIs, it is imperative for regulators to prioritize and address these issues to safeguard the health and well-being of this significant population segment.
SS55-01 TELEWORKING IN THE POST-PANDEMIC ERA: A GENDER PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Bello Igor , Soto Lisbeth 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Teleworking has been conceived for more than 20 years as a useful tool to close the gender gaps. On issues such as the reconciliation of family and work life, the possibility of entry into the world of work for single-parent mothers, or the flexibility of schedules to be able to care for people while working, teleworking showed great promise.

Materials and Methods
This work compiles different investigations on the results that teleworking had during the time of the COVID-19 pandemic between 2020 and 2022 published by ILO, WHO, UN Women and indexed in scientific journals on OSH.

Results
Several studies consulted yield coincident results in relation to the dissatisfaction of many women about teleworking, arguing that during this time they slept fewer hours, it was difficult to reconcile their work - family life, their domestic role was reinforced, their visibility and decision-making capacity at work was reduced, and the richness in their social relationships provided by their co-workers also decreased.

Conclusions
Teleworking could not meet the expectations in closing the labor gaps, but nevertheless it should be considered that this period was emergency teleworking, and that it was not the product of sufficient planning, the acceptance of the parties involved, the necessary equipment and the awareness of workers, employers and family members in relation to this work modality. It is necessary to establish clear rules that govern teleworking to take full advantage of its potential as a tool that allows labor flexibility, family-work conciliation and the inclusion of more women in the labor market.
SS56-03 CREATING AND PROMOTING A CULTURE OF PREVENTION IN CONSTRUCTION: ROLE OF LEADERSHIP, STAKEHOLDERS AND TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Sen Krishna Nirmalya , Muralidhar Gollapalli 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Construction in India is the second largest sector in terms of employment with over 55 million workers, after agriculture. With a multitude of challenging factors in this highly hazardous industry efforts are needed at various levels of the organizations, led by the management team.

Materials and Methods
Initiatives were taken by the leadership through infusion of technology to enhance all the dimensions of Vision Zero in alignment with the hierarchy of controls. This included enhancement of hazard identification, equipment safety, developing competence, stakeholder engagement, etc. Deployment of the latest technology on multiple fronts included surveillance and analysis of OSH data. Simultaneous monitoring and management of these leading indicators and lagging indicators with reference to set objectives, led to digital applications being put into use. These digital applications are aligned with OSH parameters, including EHS observations, “Safety Observation and Safety Contact”, incident reporting (FIRI), status of corrective actions taken (CAT), workmen training planning and coverage, virtual reality modules for training as well as image analytics for OSH surveillance.

Results
A culture of prevention at construction projects, as measured through data points of leading and lagging indicators from various project sites, signalled an overall improvement over the study period.

Conclusions
Enabling the leadership team and stakeholders resulted in effective contributions in a graded manner through periodical review and facilitating continual improvement of OSH culture at project sites. Leadership engagement in occupational safety and health and technology enhances the pace of our journey towards Vision Zero through focus on leading indicators, review, and rigorous follow-up.
SS56-04 FROM HEINRICH’S CONSEQUENCE-BASED TRIANGLE TO A NEW POTENTIAL-BASED MODEL TO PREDICT AND PREVENT SAFETY INCIDENTS AND ACCIDENTS MORE ACCURATELY: A GLOBAL SUCCESS STORY
Authors: Mukherjee Nirupam 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
This work is focused on a conceptual change in analysis, prediction and prevention of safety incidents and accidents, especially occurrences involving serious and fatality potential.

Materials and Methods
Since 1938, Heinrich’s Triangle - that focused on the theory of one major accident for every 29 minor injuries, preceded by 300 near-misses - had been in wide use to analyse, predict and prevent safety incidents. This work is based on a new model and an enhancement to Heinrich’s theory, which purely focuses on ‘potential’ of safety incidents instead of the ‘actual consequence’. This conceptual change and its practical application have proven to be more effective and accurate. A detailed study was performed on more than 1500 safety incidents and injuries, over a period of five years purely focusing on the potential, irrespective of whether they were minor or major in terms of consequence. This study helped to identify important gaps in operational discipline or precursors and six ‘primary areas of greatest risks’. Addressing these issues helped eliminate the very causes that would lead to incidents and accidents in future.

Results
The HSE improvement program developed based on this new concept was effective, clear, and easy to implement. It helped eliminate fundamental gaps in work processes proactively and thus significantly reduce incidents and accidents, especially those with potential to cause serious harm.

Conclusions
This precursor-based approach provides a practical and effective direction to follow. In the real world, the simplicity and success of the theory is catching up fast among all levels of employees and contractors.
SS56-05 AN INNOVATIVE IDEA FOR REDUCING MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS IN DRYWALL INSTALLATION WORKERS
Authors: Dasgupta Priyadarshini , Moir Susan , Buchholz Bryan , Punnett Laura , Betit Eileen , Dale Anne Marie 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The study was conducted to assess the efficacy of an assistive tool to reduce the ergonomic and physical exposures during the installation of panels on ceilings for reducing musculoskeletal disorders in drywall installation workers.

Methods
An assistive tool was fabricated that could support the ceiling panel installation on its own, while installation took place at the real construction sites in greater Boston area. The tool was fabricated with input from the construction workers in participatory research. To evaluate the efficacy of this tool for exposure reduction, the researcher collected quantitative exposure data (PATH) and qualitative data both before and after the intervention. The data at those two time periods were compared to evaluate any change in the physical exposures with use of the tool.

Results
Observations of six workers for a total of 117 hours showed that several physical exposures, including overhead arm, postures, heavy load handling, while holding the panels with arms raised posture, were all reduced while using the tool.

Conclusion
Reduction of physical ergonomic exposures by the use of the assistive tool is evident. The evolution of the assistive device through a participatory process justified the fact that workers are more likely to take action when they see a concern rather than assuming it is someone else's responsibility.
SS57-01 OCCUPATIONAL SKIN CANCERS INDUCED BY SOLAR ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION: AN OVERVIEW
Authors: John Swen Malte , Symanzik Cara 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Skin cancers constitute a serious public health issue in fair skinned populations globally, as they account for a substantial proportion of all reported occupational diseases. The number of workers diagnosed with skin cancer has continuously grown in recent times. Solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is the leading cause of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC; more precisely described as keratinocyte carcinoma [KC], manifesting as actinic keratosis [AK, intra-epidermal squamous cell carcinoma [SCC]], invasive cutaneous SCC, and/or basal cell carcinoma [BCC]) and the most important occupational carcinogenic exposure in terms of the number of employees exposed (i.e., professional outdoor workers). The risks of solar UVR exposure in the workplace are frequently largely ignored, and the evident future issues are contrasting against the current legal status, patient care, and compensation.
To avoid skin malignancies induced by UVR exposure, outdoor workers must reduce their occupationally received UVR doses sufficiently. The necessity for interventions to promote outdoor workers' sun protection behavior has lately been recognized; yet, the dangers of solar UVR exposure in the workplace are frequently overlooked in practice. In the decades to come, occupational medicine is expected to grow more concentrated on sun safety. The entire spectrum of available preventive measures should be employed as needed to address present obstacles in a result-oriented manner. Long-term change will most likely only be possible if collective and individual prevention initiatives are successfully linked with policymakers' support.
SS58 SHIFT WORK, HEALTH AND THE INDIVIDUAL: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR RESEARCH AND PREVENTION
Authors: Papantoniou Kyriaki 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In the proposed special session experts in epidemiology, chronobiology and occupational medicine, will present human evidence on night work and chronic disease risk and infections, identify methodological challenges and unknowns in shift work occupational and molecular epidemiology e.g. the role of individual susceptibility, and discuss how to move forward in etiological research to provide conclusive evidence for preventive actions. Results from night shift work interventions directed towards the organization and the individual to reduce health and safety risks will also be discussed. Particular focus will be on the success and barriers for implementation of interventions based on so far gathered experiences.
SS58-01 NIGHT SHIFT WORK AND CANCER RISK: METHODOLOGIC CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
Authors: Hansen Johnni 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has in 2019 classified night work (that involves circadian disruption) as probably carcinogenic based on limited evidence in humans and sufficient evidence in animals. Therefore, there is a need for further clarification of causality, which calls for new and improved epidemiological studies.

Materials and Methods
Based on gaps of knowledge, limitations and strengths of existing studies, I will focus on improved designs of future epidemiological studies.

Results
The current evidence, which is slightly improved since the 2019 IARC evaluation, primarily comes from case-control studies, which however may be prone to recall bias and differential participation. Therefore, bias-analyses are needed. The overall lack of evidence from several cohort studies is a main reason for the limited rather than sufficient epidemiologic evidence. Intensity, e.g. a high number of consecutive night shifts, may cause circadian disruption, which is considered as an important pathway for cancer. Such associations are observed in many case-control studies of especially breast cancer, but lifetime intensity information is non-existing in cohort-studies. Future studies should include information on detailed and harmonized exposure intensity (in healthcare workers and other jobs), sleep, subtypes of cancer, menopausal status, timing of birth-giving, racial and sex differences, chronotype, and preferably be based on lifetime objective working time information, including pay-roll data.

Conclusions
This presentation will suggest necessary priorities for “nice to know” and “need to know” areas of future epidemiological studies, which will not be cohort studies without lifelong night-time intensity exposure history.
SS59-03 NOKIIWIN TRIBAL COUNCIL COMMUNITY SURVEY: UNDERSTANDING HEALTHY WORKPLACE FACTORS IN THE INDIGENOUS CONTEXT
Authors: Kristman Vicki , Sandhu Mannila , Gilbeau Audrey 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background / Objectives
This study was conducted to help the communities of the Nokiiwin Tribal Council (NTC) understand important factors for a healthy workplace in the context of the Indigenous population. The objective was to determine the most important workplace factors within the communities in order to identify interventions to improve these factors.

Methods
In partnership with the NTC, we surveyed community members older than 15 years at various 2017-2018 events using electronic and paper-based surveys. Of those who were working, we examined the following workplace factors: global safety at work, workplace social capital, discrimination, interpersonal conflict at work, family work conflict, supervisor and co-worker support, and job stress for their association with the following outcomes: engagement, presenteeism, absenteeism and job satisfaction.

Results
Out of the 171 participants, 149 (87.1%) completed the survey. Using bivariable regression, we found that interpersonal conflict at work was associated with social engagement (β = -0.15; 95% CI -0.26, -0.05) and presenteeism (β = -0.80; 95% CI -1.39, -0.22). Family work conflict was associated with overall engagement (β = -0.15; 95% CI -0.27, -0.03) and absenteeism (β = 1.63; 95% CI 1.09, 2.43). Job stress was associated with overall engagement and job satisfaction. Supervisor and co-worker support were also associated with engagement and absenteeism.

Conclusion
We learned that lower interpersonal conflict at work and family work conflict, followed by higher supervisor and co-worker support and job control, were the most important healthy workplace factors influencing the communities of the NTC. This project was the first completed in partnership with the NTC.
SS59-04 MOVING THE NEEDLE ON FARMWORKERS’ HEALTH AND WELLBEING
Authors: Forst Linda , Gracia Gabriela , Acosta Maggie , Siciliano Michael 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Agriculture is extremely hazardous and employs large numbers of immigrant and seasonal workers on short-term labour contracts; transnational employment is common. Exempted from standards that apply to other sectors, the employment arrangement for farmworkers (FWs) creates significant inequities in worker protections (health and safety, wages, hours of work, and social benefits). Poor housing, limited transportation, and lack of healthcare access are compounded by geographic, linguistic, cultural, and educational isolation. Despite the essential nature of agricultural work and a proliferation of policies and practices designed to protect this workforce, FWs remain among the most disadvantaged workforces around the globe. A multitude of actors are working on this challenge with limited success.

Materials and Methods
We conducted a review of policies, intervention research, and NGO websites related to hired migrant and seasonal FWs as regards Immigration, Employment, and Health.

Results
We developed a ‘theory of change’ that maps out a research and policy agenda focused on improving the health and well-being of migrant and seasonal FWs.

Conclusion
Agricultural workers are essential to local and global food systems. This ‘theory of change’ can be used or adapted by others working to promote and protect the health and the rights of migrant and seasonal FWs and to protect the food supply chain.
SS59-05 SOCIAL DIMENSIONS OF HEAT-RELATED INJURY PREVENTION AMONG MIGRANT FARMWORKERS
Authors: Monaghan Paul , Carver Martin Miranda 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The estimated risk of heat-related illness (HRI) for farmworkers (FWs) in the United States is 35 times greater than workers in other industries and is increasing with climate change. Heat safety interventions operating across multiple spheres of influence are necessary to achieve effective and lasting protection for these essential workers.

Materials and Methods
Three crews of FWs from Mexico participated in the study (N=52). One crew received a series of heat safety trainings with a peer health promotor component (N=19). Participants completed questionnaires measuring heat safety knowledge, attitudes, and social factors as well as self-reported behaviors across two workdays. Urine specific gravity (USG) was measured from pre- and post-workday samples using digital refractometers.

Results
Members of the intervention crew participated in a WhatsApp group chat, encouraged their co-workers to practise heat safety, and instituted a ‘buddy system’ for encouraging their peers. Intervention crew members rated their co-workers as more influential on their heat safety practices than workers in the other two crews did (p=.006; V=.44) and reported giving or receiving reminders from co-workers to hydrate or take breaks. Across all crews, giving and receiving heat safety reminders was related to hydration knowledge and the rate of taking seated breaks but not a lower USG reading.

Conclusion
Social influences through peer health promotion are interrelated with individual knowledge and behaviors. However, effects on actual hydration status are not clear, due partly to the structural barriers of on-farm heat safety such as the imperative to work quickly under a piece-rate pay system.
SS60-02 DIGITAL HEALTH - MAKING HEALTHCARE ACCESSIBLE TO REMOTE OR UNDERSERVED AREAS IN THE ASIAN CONTINENT
Authors: Jain Rajiv Kumar 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
COVID-19 has highlighted the importance and need for digital health interventions. With digital transformations world-wide, digital health solutions have revolutionized the way healthcare services are delivered, offering numerous opportunities to reach a broader audience. The attributes of digital health are that it is more accessible, affordable, and convenient if required training is provided to healthcare providers and end users. This survey-based study gives insight into the state of digital health in Asia. The study provides enough actionable insights to shape the future of digital health.

Materials and Methods
An online survey was conducted on the SurveyMonkey platform. Participants accessed the survey through a web link and responded to the questions electronically. The survey was available from September 5, 2023, to December 4, 2023, providing a substantial time frame for data collection. A total of 11 Asian countries participated.

Results
The majority of allied healthcare professionals in Asia, accounting for 89%, reported having either a good understanding of digital health or having used digital health. Among healthcare professionals in Asia, 63% stated that they have a good understanding of digital health and have used it themselves. Among non-healthcare professionals in Asia, a staggering 67% reported having a good understanding of digital health and having used it to seek treatment.

Conclusions
Skills development opportunities in digital health, patient-centric educational materials, and online resources explaining the basics of digital health, how to use specific digital health tools, and their benefits in managing health conditions shall augment access to health facilities in remote or underserved areas on the Asian continent.
SS60-03 ROLE OF WORKFORCE IMMUNISATION IN MITIGATING EMERGING RISKS AT THE WORKPLACE
Authors: Saha Rajat Kumar 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
One of the emerging health challenges at the workplace is related to infectious diseases. This has gained significant attention after the COVID-19 pandemic. The importance of workforce immunisation is underscored by its pivotal role in preventing the spread of infectious diseases at the workplace. Workforce immunisation stands as a cornerstone in fostering a healthy and productive work environment, offering numerous benefits to both employees and employers. The aim of this review study was to analyse the data on importance and challenges of workforce immunisation.

Materials and Methods
A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus and Global Index Medicus databases. Ten scientific articles were reviewed for analysis. Inclusion criteria were working population in industries with defined age group and exclusion criteria were other age, addiction, infection, childhood immunisation, changing disease epidemiology.

Results
Workforce immunisation has a great impact, without which, there is evidence of 25% organisations losing 14% annual working days to sickness, 62% unprepared for disease outbreaks and 25% suffering over 50 workdays lost yearly. The CDC states a 25% reduction in absenteeism, healthcare expenses, and workers compensation claims after immunisation. Challenges are availability, affordability, accessibility, lack of awareness, and vaccine hesitancy.

Conclusions
By navigating the challenges and complexities of workforce immunisation, employers can create a workplace culture that not only prioritizes the holistic wellbeing of employees but also contributes to broader public health objectives. A workplace immunisation programme must include the following: plan, immunise, track, report with clear visibility, scenario planning, communication, support, validation and reporting.