bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural chromosomal abnormalities detected during CVS analysis and their role in the prenatal ascertainment of cryptic subtelomeric rearrangements
Authors: Pittalis Maria Carla , Mattarozzi Angela , Menozzi Cristina , Malacarne Michela , Baccolini Ilaria , Farina Antonio , Pompilii Eva , Magini Pamela , Percesepe Antonio 
Published: August 2013

AbstractMosaic structural chromosomal abnormalities observed along the trophoblast‐mesenchyme‐fetal axis, although rare, pose a difficult problem for their prognostic interpretation in prenatal diagnosis. Additional issues are raised by the presence of mosaic imbalances of the same chromosome showing different sizes in the different tissues, that is, deletions and duplications in the cytotrophoblast and mesenchyme of chorionic villi (CV). Some of these cytogenetic rearrangements originate from the post‐zygotic breakage of a dicentric chromosome or of the product of its first anaphasic breakage. Selection of the most viable cell line may result in confined placental mosaicism of the most severe imbalance, favoring the presence of the cell lines with the mildest duplications or deletions in the fetal tissues. We document three cases of ambiguous results in CV analysis due to the presence of different cell lines involving structural rearrangements of the same chromosome which were represented differently in the trophoblast and the mesenchyme. Observation by conventional karyotype of a grossly rearranged chromosome in one of the CV preparations (direct or culture) was crucial to call attention to the involved chromosomal region in other tissues (villi or amniotic fluid), allowing the prenatal diagnosis through molecular cytogenetic methods of subtelomeric rearrangements [del(7)(q36qter); del(11)(q25qter); del(20)(p13pter)]. This would have surely been undiagnosed with the routine banding technique. In conclusion, the possibility to diagnose complex abnormalities leading to cryptic subtelomeric rearrangements, together with a better knowledge of the initial/intermediate products leading to the final abnormal cryptic deletion should be added to the advantages of the CV sampling technique. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Human dietary δ15N intake: Representative data for principle food items
Authors: Huelsemann F. , Koehler K. , Braun H. , Schaenzer W. , Flenker U. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTDietary analysis using δ15N values of human remains such as bone and hair is usually based on general principles and limited data sets. Even for modern humans, the direct ascertainment of dietary δ15N is difficult and laborious, due to the complexity of metabolism and nitrogen fractionation, differing dietary habits and variation of δ15N values of food items. The objective of this study was to summarize contemporary regional experimental and global literature data to ascertain mean representative δ15N values for distinct food categories. A comprehensive data set of more than 12,000 analyzed food samples was summarized from the literature. Data originated from studies dealing with (1) authenticity tracing or origin control of food items, and (2) effects of fertilization or nutrition on δ15N values of plants or animals. Regional German food δ15N values revealed no major differences compared with the mean global values derived from the literature. We found that, in contrast to other food categories, historical faunal remains of pig and poultry are significantly enriched in 15N compared to modern samples. This difference may be due to modern industrialized breeding practices. In some food categories variations in agricultural and feeding regimens cause significant differences in δ15N values that may lead to misinterpretations when only limited information is available. Am J Phys Anthropol 152:58–66, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preparation of highly thermally conducting polyamide 6/graphite composites via low‐temperature in situ expansion
Authors: Zhou Shengtai , Yu Lin , Song Xin , Chang Jin , Zou Huawei , Liang Mei 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTHighly thermally conducting polyamide 6 (PA6) composites with high loadings of low‐temperature expandable graphite (LTEG) were prepared by an in situ exfoliation melting process, and the thermal conductivity of the composites was measured by a hot‐disk method. A two‐point method was applied to evaluate the electrical conductivity of the composites with various graphite loadings, and the thermal percolation was observed in the vicinity of the electrical percolation threshold concentration. Dynamic rheology analysis was used to define the geometric change caused by the interconnection of the in situ exfoliated graphite flakes. X‐ray diffraction measurement confirmed that the exfoliation of LTEG was crucial to the overall thermal conductivity of the composites. Dynamic mechanical analysis revealed that the incorporation of LTEG significantly improved the damping properties of PA6. Thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry measurements were applied to study the thermal properties of the investigated PA6/LTEG composites. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39596.
Macroporous polymeric ion exchangers as adsorbents for the removal of cationic dye basic blue 9 from aqueous solutions
Authors: Suteu Daniela , Bilba Doina , Coseri Sergiu 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTTwo macroporous cation‐exchange resins, Purolite C145, a strongly acidic cation macroporous resin, and Purolite C107E, a weakly acidic cation‐exchange resin, were used to remove the dye Basic Blue 9 (BB9) from an aqueous medium. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to analyze the effect of various parameters, such as the phase contact time, initial dye concentration, initial solution pH, resin dose, and temperature. The experimental equilibrium data were evaluated by the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin–Radushkevich (DR) adsorption models. The Freundlich model better described the adsorption processes of the BB9 dye onto both cation exchangers, and the monolayer adsorption capacities were established as 31.9846 mg/g (C145) and 27.77 mg/g (C107E) at 20°C. The values of the mean free adsorption energy (E) obtained from the DR model suggested a porous structure of the adsorbents and proposed ion exchange at the main mechanism of the adsorption process. The values of the thermodynamic parameters showed that the retention of the cationic dye was a spontaneous and endothermic process. Environmental scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the sorbent and also to validate the adsorption mechanism as ion‐exchange ones. The desorption experiments by a batch method were performed with different solutions: 0.1 and 1 mol/L HCl, 2.5 mol/L H2SO4, CH3OH, and a mixture between 1 mol/L HCl and CH3OH. Desorption performed with sulfuric acid was shown to be most effective because more than 85% of the adsorbed dye was removed. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39620.
Microencapsulation of capsanthin by soybean protein isolate‐chitosan coacervation and microcapsule stability evaluation
Authors: Xiao Jun‐Xia , Huang Guo‐Qing , Wang Shi‐Qing , Sun Yan‐Ting 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTAlthough capsanthin possesses excellent coloring performance and healthcare functions, its application in the food industry is limited due to its susceptibility to humidity, heat, and light. The purpose of this research was to microencapsulate capsanthin by soybean protein isolate (SPI)‐chitosan coacervation and evaluate whether the microencapsulation improved the stability of capsanthin against the adverse conditions mentioned above. The results indicated that the optimum conditions for capsanthin microencapsulation were emulsification speed 10,000 rpm, emulsification temperature 45°C, wall concentration 15 g/L and core to wall ratio 1:2 (w/w). Under these conditions, the droplets in the emulsion were even in size distribution without agglomeration and the microencapsulation efficiency and microencapsulation yield reached 90.46% and 86.69%, respectively. Microencapsulation increased the stability of capsanthin against low/medium moisture, heat, and especially light, but was less effective in protecting capsanthin microcapsules in high moisture. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39671.
Comparative characterization of degraded lignin polymer from the organosolv fractionation process with various catalysts and alcohols
Authors: Wang Kun , Yang Haiyan , Guo Shihuai , Yao Xi , Sun Run‐Cang 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTTriploid poplar was fractionated using mild organosolv process, and detailed characteristic elucidation of the lignin obtained was performed to determine the effects of various chemicals (sodium hydroxide, triethylamine, and formic acid) and solvents (methanol, ethanol, n‐propanol, and n‐butanol). Both nondestructive techniques (e.g., NMR technology) and degradation methods (e.g., alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation) were performed to comparatively evaluate the structural degradation of lignin molecules. The addition of acidic and basic catalysts improved the purity of lignin by acid hydrolysis and the cleavage of the ester groups and other types of lignin–carbohydrate interactions formed by polyoses and lignin under the basic conditions. A certain amount of aryl alkyl ether linkages (β‐O‐4) was cleaved during the fractionation process, whereas other carbon–carbon linkages were resistant to degradation. The formation of new carbon–carbon bonds led to the lignin fraction with obviously higher molecular weight and thermal stability, resulting from the induced carbon cation under the acidic condition. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39673.
Fabrication of polymeric nanoparticles of poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate) coated with chitosan for pulmonary delivery of carvedilol
Authors: Varshosaz Jaleh , Taymouri Somaih , Hamishehkar Hamed 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTCarvedilol is a drug with low oral bioavailability due to its high first‐pass metabolism. The purpose of the present study was to prepare a mucoadhesive dry powder inhaler of this drug loaded in poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate)(PEVA) nanoparticles for pulmonary delivery. PEVA nanoparticles were prepared by an O/W solvent evaporation method and coated with different concentrations of chitosan as a mucoadhesive polymer. Encapsulation efficiency, particle size, zeta potential, release efficiency, and mucoadhesive properties of the different formulations were evaluated on mucin substrate. The optimized formulation of nanoparticles was spray dried using lactose and mannitol as carrier powders. The flowability of the obtained powders was checked by Carr's Index and Hausner ratio and the in vitro deposition of the aerosolized drug was investigated using a Next Generation Impactor. Increasing in the particle size and zeta potential of nanoparticles confirmed the settling of the chitosan coating layer on the surface of nanoparticles. The in vitro drug release from coated nanoparticles decreased with increasing of chitosan concentration. Mucoadhesive property of chitosan‐coated PEVA nanoparticles was higher than noncoated ones. Spray‐dried powders had different aerosilization behavior. Mannitol‐based formulation was found to have low density, better flow ability, smaller aerodynamic diameter (daer) and higher fine powder fraction. The results of the present study allow concluding that mannitol spray dried, mucoadhesive nanoparticles of PEVA are suitable inhaler powder for pulmonary delivery of carvedilol. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39694.
Effects of water temperature on the larval parasitic stage of the thick‐shelled river mussel (Unio crassus)
Authors: Taeubert Jens‐Eike , El‐Nobi Gamal , Geist Juergen 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT

The complex life‐cycle of freshwater mussels from the superfamily Unionoidea includes an obligate parasitic phase on a suitable host fish, which makes freshwater mussels particularly susceptible to disruption by environmental stressors. In particular, temperature stress due to rising ambient temperatures resulting from heated effluents, damming of streams and deforestation of banks or climate change may have detrimental effects on threatened mussel species.
In this study, the effect of four different temperature regimes (12 °C, 17 °C, 20 °C and 23 °C) on the development and metamorphosis success of Unio crassus encysted on Phoxinus phoxinus was investigated.
The highest metamorphosis success as well as the lowest host mortality were found at a temperature of 17 °C. Duration of development was inversely related to the temperature at which the hosts were maintained.
Excystment of living juvenile mussels was found between 265 and 357 degree‐days for 23 °C and between 433 and 632 degree‐days for 12 °C.
In conclusion, water temperature during the parasitic phase of U. crassus plays an important role in development and metamorphosis and should be considered in the conservation of the species through catchment management and in the artificial propagation of this species as well as in other endangered mussel species. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DiketopyrrolopyrroleThiophene‐Based Acceptor–Donor–Acceptor Conjugated Materials for High‐Performance Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Lu Chien , Chen Wen‐Chang 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe report the synthesis, morphology, and field‐effect‐transistor (FET) characteristics of new acceptor–donor–acceptor conjugated materials that consist of diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) acceptor groups and one of four different thiophene moieties, that is, dithiophene (2T), thieno[3,2‐b]‐thiophene (TT), dithieno[3,2‐b:2′,3′‐d]‐thiophene (DTT), and 5,5′′′‐di‐(2‐ethylhexyl)‐[2,3′;5′,2′′;4′′,2′′′]quaterthiophene (4T). The optical band gaps of the as‐prepared materials are smaller than 1.7 eV, which is attributed to the strong intramolecular charge transfer and the backbone coplanarity of the thiophene moieties. The order of both crystallinity and FET mobility (×10−2–×10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1) is TT2DPP>4T2DPP>2T2DPP>DTT2DP, which differ in the structure of the π‐conjugated cores and core symmetry. Well‐ordered intermolecular chain packing was confirmed by the GIXD and AFM results. In particular, the FET hole mobility of TT2DPP was further improved to 0.1 cm2 V−1 s−1, which was attributed to the well‐interconnected structure through solution‐shearing. These experimental results suggest the potential applications of the new DPPthiopheneDPP conjugated materials for organic electronic devices.
Traffic performance of shared lanes at signalized intersections based on cellular automata modeling
Authors: Chai Chen , Wong Yiik Diew 
Published: August 2013

SUMMARYShared lanes at signalized intersections are designed for use by vehicles of different movement directions. Shared lane usage increases the flexibility of assigning lane grouping to accommodate variable traffic volume by direction. However, a shared lane is not always beneficial as it can at time result in blockage that leads to both capacity and safety constraints. This paper establishes a cellular automata model to simulate traffic movements at signalized intersections with shared lanes. Several simulation experiments are carried out both for a single shared lane and for an approach with a shared lane. Simulation of a single shared lane used by straight‐through and right‐turn (as similar to left‐turn in the USA) vehicles suggests that the largest travel delay occurs when traffic volumes (vehicles/lane) of the two movement streams along the shared lane are at about the same level. For a trial lane‐group with a shared lane, when traffic volumes of the two movement streams are quite different, the shared lane usage is not efficient in terms of reduction in traffic delay. The simulation results are able to produce the threshold traffic volume to arrange a shared lane along an approach. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Entwicklung eines hocheffizienten Ventilators mit integrierter Gegenstromwärmerückgewinnung für den Einsatz in der Gebäudemodernisierung
Authors: Speer Christoph , Pfluger Rainer , Feist Wolfgang , Weger Johannes , Zgaga Janez 
Published: August 2013

AbstractLüftungssysteme mit Wärmerückgewinnung sollten so energieeffizient und kompakt wie möglich realisiert werden, dies gilt besonders im Bereich der Gebäudesanierung. Die Kombination von Ventilator und Wärmetauscher bietet die Möglichkei, beide Anforderungen zu erfüllen. Eine bereits bestehende Kombination aus Ventilator und Wärmetauscher zeigt eine limitierte Effizienz (48 % Wärmerückgewinnung). Diese Arbeit beschreibt ein modifiziertes Konzept mit einer verbesserten Wärmerückgewinnung von über 80 %. Sowohl die Konstruktionsprinzipien als auch die Berechnung der Konstruktionsparameter werden dargelegt.Development of a highly efficient counterflow heat recovery fan for use in building modernization. Ventilation systems with heat recovery should be designed as energy efficient and compact as possible, especially if it should be applied in an existing building. A combination of fans and heat exchanger gives the chance to meet both requirements. An existing combination of fan and heat exchanger however shows a limited performance (48 % sensible heat recovery). This paper provides a modified concept with an enhanced heat recovery rate of more than 80 %. The design principles as well as the calculation procedure of the main design parameters are published.
Racial difference in histologic subtype of renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Olshan Andrew F. , Kuo Tzy‐Mey , Meyer Anne‐Marie , Nielsen Matthew E. , Purdue Mark P. , Rathmell W. Kimryn 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn the United States, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has rapidly increased in incidence for over two decades. The most common histologic subtypes of RCC, clear cell, papillary, and chromophobe have distinct genetic and clinical characteristics; however, epidemiologic features of these subtypes have not been well characterized, particularly regarding any associations between race, disease subtypes, and recent incidence trends. Using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program, we examined differences in the age‐adjusted incidence rates and trends of RCC subtypes, including analysis focusing on racial differences. Incidence rates increased over time (2001–2009) for all three subtypes. However, the proportion of white cases with clear cell histology was higher than among blacks (50% vs. 31%, respectively), whereas black cases were more likely than white cases to have papillary RCC (23% vs. 9%, respectively). Moreover, papillary RCC incidence increased more rapidly for blacks than whites (P < 0.01) over this period. We also observed that increased incidence of papillary histology among blacks is not limited to the smallest size strata. We observed racial differences in proportionate incidence of RCC subtypes, which appear to be increasing over time; this novel finding motivates further etiologic, clinical, molecular, and genetic studies.
Pdx1 protein induces human embryonic stem cells into the pancreatic endocrine lineage
Authors: Liang Qing Le , Mo Zhengying , Li Xue Feng , Wang Xiao Xun , Li Rui Ming 
Published: August 2013

AbstractSuccess in generating insulin‐producing cells (IPCs) from human embryonic stem (hES) cells by genetic manipulation has recently revealed a new therapeutic potential for diabetes. However, clinical application has been hampered by the viral genome integration and the risk of insertion mutagenesis that are entailed. Herein, we report the induction of hEC into IPCs by direct delivery of human Pdx1 proteins per se. Recombinant human Pdx1 proteins (hPdx1), which have an Antennapedia‐like protein transduction domain sequence in their structure, can be efficiently translocated into hES cells and function as pancreatic transcription factor. hPdx1 protein activates a group of genes related to pancreatic beta‐cell lineage development in hES cells, including NeuroD1, Nkx2.2, Pax4, Pax6, Nkx6.1 and Isl‐1. hPdx1‐treated hES cells synthesise and release insulin in response to glucose challenge. Therefore, this study constitutes a proof‐of‐concept demonstration of protein‐mediated pancreatic specific differentiation of the hES cells by exploiting specific intrinsic properties of the hPdx1 protein.
Comparison of the effects of human adipose and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on T lymphocytes
Authors: Xishan Zhu , Baoxin He , Xinna Zhou , Jun Ren 
Published: August 2013

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that can be derived either from the bone marrow (bMSCs) or adipose tissue (aMSCs). We have compared the immune regulatory properties of cells derived from bone marrow and adipose tissue to provide a theoretical basis for the choice of stem cell source for transplantation. The phenotypes of bMSCs and aMSCs are similar, differing only in the expression of CD106. aMSCs proliferate faster than bMSCs, but aMSCs suppressed T‐lymphocyte proliferation and activation more poorly than bMSCs. Thus cell origin and abundance are important factors in determining the suitability of MSCs for transplantation. Adipose tissue offers a more promising source of cells for such an application.
Differentiation of mouse induced pluripotent stem cells into corneal epithelial‐like cells
Authors: Yu Dan , Chen Mengfei , Sun Xuerong , Ge Jian 
Published: August 2013

AbstractSomatic cells can be reprogrammed into a pluripotent ES‐cell‐like state (termed induced pluripotent stem cells, iPS) by transcription factors, which have enormous therapeutic potential for regenerative medicine. We have investigated whether iPS can directly differentiate into corneal epithelium‐like cells. Mouse iPS cells were co‐cultured with corneal limbal stroma. RT‐PCR, immunohistochemistry and scanning electron microscopy analysis were used to detect differentiated iPS. Undifferentiated iPS cells expressed ES cells related genes. Co‐culture with corneal limbal stroma, in the presence of additional factors bFGF, EGF and NGF, activated keratin expression 12 (K12, a marker of corneal epithelial cells) and downregulated Nanog. These data suggest that mouse iPS cells can differentiate into corneal epithelial‐like cells by replication of a corneal epithelial stem cell niche.
Voltage‐dependent anion channels (VDACs, porin) expressed in the plasma membrane regulate the differentiation and function of human osteoclasts
Authors: Kotake Shigeru , Yago Toru , Kawamoto Manabu , Nanke Yuki 
Published: August 2013

AbstractFewer molecules have been identified on human than murine osteoclasts, the former differing from murine osteoclasts in many ways. We show that voltage‐dependent anion channels (VDACs, porin) are expressed in the plasma membrane of human osteoclasts. A search for novel proteins expressed in the plasma membrane of human osteoclasts identified VDAC. Anti‐VDAC antibodies inhibited human osteoclastogenesis in vitro. VDAC expression was detected in membranes by immunoelectron microscopy and immunocytochemical double staining. The VDAC protein functions as a Cl− channel. VDACs regulate bone resorption, which show using Osteologic™ plates. The epitope of the antibody lay within a 10‐amino acid sequence in the VDAC. The findings suggest that the VDAC is, at least partly, a novel Cl− channel regulating the differentiation and function of human osteoclasts. VDACs may play a crucial role in acidifying the resorption lacunae between osteoclasts and bone. Inhibitors of VDACs could be used to treat diseases involving increased resorption, such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and Paget's disease.