bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychopathy and the DSM
Authors: Crego Cristina , Widiger Thomas A. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPsychopathy is one of the more well‐established personality disorders. However, its relationship with the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) has been controversial. The purpose of this article is to trace and discuss the history of this relationship from the very first edition of the DSM to the current fifth edition. Emphasized in particular is the problematic relationship of DSM antisocial personality disorder with the diagnosis of psychopathy by Cleckley (1941, 1976) and the Psychopathy Checklist‐ Revised (Hare, 2003), as well as with the more recently developed models of psychopathy by Lilienfeld and Widows (2005), Lynam et al. (2011), and Patrick, Fowles, and Krueger (2009).
PROPERTY LEFT BEHIND: AN UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCE OF A NO CHILD LEFT BEHIND “FAILING” SCHOOL DESIGNATION
Authors: Bogin Alexander , Nguyen‐Hoang Phuong 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTUnder the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB), schools receiving Title I funding that fail to meet adequate academic performance targets for two consecutive years are deemed “failing.” This broadly defined, but often misunderstood designation has exerted a negative and unintended effect on low‐income neighborhoods—the same neighborhoods NCLB was originally intended to help. Specifically, we find that “failing” designations significantly decrease home prices. This property value response is observed even after controlling for a myriad of traditional test score measures and school‐level student demographics. Additional analyses suggest that this home price effect is largely due to strong perceptions of poor school quality or social stigma surrounding a “failing” designation.
Presence and content of kynurenic acid in animal feed
Authors: Turski M. P. , Zgrajka W. , Siwicki A. K. , Paluszkiewicz P. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryKynurenic acid (KYNA) was found to be an antagonist of iontropic glutamate receptors and alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Furthermore, it was documented thatKYNAis an agonist ofG‐protein coupledGPR35 receptors which are mainly present in the gastrointestinal tract. It was also found thatKYNAis present in the gastrointestinal tract and that its concentration gradually increases along it. The origin ofKYNAin the gastrointestinal tract is not known. Both might be synthesized from tryptophan in it or absorbed from food and other dietary products. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the concentration ofKYNAin animal feed. The results indicate that the highest concentration ofKYNAwas found in animal feeds intended for livestock. The lower amount ofKYNAwas detected in animal feeds for fish. Interestingly, the lowest amount ofKYNAwas found in dog and cat feeds. Furthermore, an analysis ofKYNAcontent in animal food ingredients was conducted. The concentration ofKYNAfound in one of the ingredients – rapeseed meal – was several times higher in comparison to animal feeds studied. The content ofKYNAin the remaining feed ingredients tested was significantly lower. This is the first report on the concentration ofKYNAin animal feeds. There is a need for further detailed analysis leading to establishing a set of guidelines for animal feeding.
Genetic diversity and haplotype distribution of Pachymeniopsis gargiuli sp. nov. and P. lanceolata (Halymeniales, Rhodophyta) in Korea, with notes on their non‐native distributions
Authors: Kim Su Yeon , Manghisi Antonio , Morabito Marina , Yang Eun Chan , Yoon Hwan Su , Miller Kathy Ann , Boo Sung Min 
Published: July 2014

The red alga Pachymeniopsis lanceolata, formerly known as Grateloupia lanceolata, is a component of the native algal flora of northeast Asia and has been introduced to European and North American waters. It has been confused with a cryptic species collected from Korea and Italy. Our analyses of rbcL, cox3 and ITS from P. lanceolata and this cryptic species has revealed two distinct entities, forming a clade, which were clearly separated from its congeners and positioned with other Asian species. Here, we describe the cryptic species as P. gargiuli sp. nov., a species that differs from others by molecular sequence and subtle anatomical characters. We hypothesize that P. gargiuli may have been recently dispersed by anthropogenic vectors, possibly at or near the same time as was P. lanceolata. Our cox3 data set revealed that one haplotype of P. gargiuli, shared between Korea and Italy, and two haplotypes of P. lanceolata, commonly occurring in Korea and USA, are invasive haplotypes. This is the first report of the utility of the mitochondrial coding cox3 sequences in red algae.
Phylogeny ofNorthAmericanTolypella(Charophyceae,Charophyta) based on plastidDNAsequences with a description ofTolypella ramosissimasp. nov.
Authors: Pérez William , Hall John D. , McCourt Richard M. , Karol Kenneth G. 
Published: July 2014

Characeae (Charophyceae,Charophyta) contains two tribes with six genera: tribeChareae with four genera and tribeNitelleae, which includesTolypellaandNitella. This paper uses molecular and morphological data to elucidate the phylogeny ofTolypellaspecies inNorthAmerica. In the most comprehensive taxonomic treatment ofCharaceae, 16Tolypellaspecies worldwide were subsumed into two species,T. intricataandT. nidifica, in two sections,RothiaandTolypellarespectively. It was further suggested thatTolypellamight be a derived group withinNitella. In this investigation into species diversity and relationships inNorthAmericanTolypella, sequence data from the plastid genesatpB,psbC, andrbcL were assembled for a broad range of charophycean and land plant taxa. Molecular data were used in conjunction with morphology to test monophyly of the genus and species within it. Phylogenetic analyses of the sequence data showed thatCharaceae is monophyletic but thatNitelleae is paraphyletic withTolypellasister to a monophyleticNitella+Chareae. The results also supported the monophyly ofTolypellaand the sectionsRothiaandTolypella. Morphologically defined species were supported as clades with little or noDNAsequence differences. In addition, molecular data revealed several lineages and a new species (T. ramosissimasp. nov.), which suggests greater species diversity inTolypellathan previously recognized.
Therapeutic Potential of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells-Based Micro-Tissues in a Rat Model of Postprostatectomy Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Xu Yongde , Guan Ruili , Lei Hongen , Li Huixi , Wang Lin , Gao Zhezhu , Song Weidong , Xin Zhongcheng 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Introduction
Stem cells (SCs) show significant benefits in the treatment of postprostatectomy erectile dysfunction (ED). However, the low retention rate of the traditional single-cell strategy at the injection sites limits its therapeutic potential.

Aim
This study aims to investigate the feasibility and mechanism of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs)-based micro-tissues (MTs) in the treatment of ED in a rat model of bilateral cavernous nerves (CNs) injury.

Methods
ADSCs labeled with 5-ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine (EdU) were used to generate MTs with hanging drop method. 10 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats underwent sham surgery and intracavernous (IC) injection of phosphate buffer solution (PBS) (the sham group). Another 70 rats underwent bilateral CN crush and were then treated with PBS (n = 10, the crush group), dissociated ADSCs (n = 30, the ADSCs group), and MTs (n = 30, the MTs group), respectively. At day 1, 3, 7, 14 (n = 5), and 28 (n = 10) postsurgery, specimens were harvested for histology. At day 28, 10 rats in each group were examined for erectile function before tissue harvest.

Main Outcome Measures
Light microscopy of the dynamic aggregation of the MT, immunohistologic examination of the MTs, the retention and distribution of EdU + ADSCs in the corpus cavernosum (CC), and the penis histological analyses of collagen content, Western blot of functional proteins in MTs, intracavernous pressure recording on CN electrostimulation.

Results
Three-day-old MTs became stable and expressed nerve growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4, Wnt5a, and collagen IV. More EdU + ADSCs retained in the CC in the MTs group than that in the ADSCs group. IC injection of MTs resulted in significant restoration of the erectile function and histopathological changes compared with the ADSCs group.

Conclusion
IC-injected MTs resulted in a better restoration of erectile function than traditional single-cell strategy. The underlying mechanisms of recovery appear to involve enhanced cellular retention in the penis and upregulation of some paracrine factors.
Mirtazapine treatment ceased the progression of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy associated with systemic sarcoidosis
Authors: Matsudaira Takashi , Araki Kunihiko , Oishi Wataru , Sugiura Akira , Miura Katsutoshi , Nakamichi Kazuo , Saijo Masayuki , Obi Tomokazu 
Published: July 2014

AbstractProgressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy occurs almost exclusively in immunosuppressed individuals. Mirtazapine, a 5‐hydroxytryptamine‐2A antagonist, has been used empirically against progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. A 60‐year‐old man who was diagnosed with sarcoidosis at 20 years‐of‐age and had not taken immunosuppressive therapies developed dysarthria, left hemiparesis and dressing apraxia. Cranial ?uid‐attenuated inversion‐recovery magnetic resonance imaging showed hyperintense areas in the right frontal and temporoparietal white matter. The initial diagnosis was neurosarcoidosis, based on non‐caseating granuloma in a lymph node biopsy. Immunosuppressive therapy was initiated; however, this aggravated his neurological symptoms. Immunohistochemistry of the brain biopsy showed John Cunningham virus infected large ballooned oligodendrocytes, leading to a diagnosis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Treatment with mirtazapine improved the neurological symptoms, and the magnetic resonance imaging abnormality did not progress. We stress the diagnostic difficulties of distinguishing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy from neurosarcoidosis, and suggest that mirtazapine treatment is effective against progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy associated with sarcoidosis.
Neurotransmitter levels in basal ganglia during levodopa and deep brain stimulation treatment in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Zsigmond Peter , Nord Maria , Kullman Anita , Diczfalusy Elin , Wårdell Karin , Dizdar Nil 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe mechanism by which deep brain stimulation of the nucleus subthalamicus improves Parkinson's disease symptoms remains unclear. In a previous perioperative study, we showed that there might be alterations of neurotransmitter levels in the globus pallidum interna during deep brain stimulation of the nucleus subthalamicus.AimIn this study, we examined whether deep brain stimulation of the nucleus subthalamicus and levodopa infusion interact and affect the levels of neurotransmitters.MethodsFive patients with advanced Parkinson's disease took part in the study. During subthalamic nucleus surgery, microdialysis catheters were inserted bilaterally in the globus pallidum interna and unilaterally in the right putamen. A study protocol was set up and was followed for 3 days. Levodopa infusion with and without concomitant bilateral deep brain stimulation of the nucleus subthalamicus was also carried out.ResultsThe putaminal dopamine levels increased during deep brain stimulation of the nucleus subthalamicus. In addition, an increase of gamma amino buturic acid concentrations in the globus pallidum interna during deep brain stimulation of the nucleus subthalamicus and during levodopa infusion was found.ConclusionsThese findings provide evidence that the subthalamic nucleus has a direct action on the substantia nigra pars compacta, and that deep brain stimulation of the nucleus subthalamicus might indirectly release putaminal dopamine. There is also evidence that deep brain stimulation of the nucleus subthalamicus interferes with levodopa therapy resulting in higher levels of levodopa in the brain, explaining why it is possible to decrease levodopa medication after deep brain stimulation surgery.
Deep brain stimulation and intracerebral infection: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Zsigmond Peter , Göransson Nathanael 
Published: July 2014

AbstractDeep brain stimulation is a well‐established surgical treatment for patients with movement disorders. Adverse events, such as hardware infections, are well known, but intracerebral infections are extremely rare, and can develop both shortly after surgery and after several months. We present one case of intracerebral infection after deep brain stimulation surgery, and a short review of the literature.
Nurses' Empowerment Scale for ICU patients' families: an instrument development study
Authors: Li Hong , Liu Ya‐Lan , Qiu Li , Chen Qiao‐Ling , Wu Jing‐Bing , Chen Li‐Li , Li Na 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundFamily members provide essential support for ICU patients, contributing to their mental and physical recovery. Empowering ICU patients' families may help them overcome inadequacies and meet their own and patients' acknowledged needs. Nursing should understand and address patients' families' empowerment status.Aims and objectivesTo develop a tool, the Nurses' Empowerment Scale for Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Patients' Families (NESIPF), to help ICU nursing staff assess the empowerment status of patients' families.DesignFour‐phase instrument development study.MethodsA 19‐item instrument was initially generated based on literature review and interviews with family members of ICU patients. The Delphi research method was applied to gain expert opinion and consensus via rounds of questionnaires. A panel of 27 experts experienced in critical care medicine, nursing and psychology participated in two Delphi rounds and their input helped formulate an 18‐item pretest instrument. Families of 20 patients were recruited to examine instrument readability. After a 2‐week interval, another 20 patients' families were recruited to examine test‐retest reliability. Two hundred questionnaires were then administered and analysed to examine the instrument's construct validity, criterion‐related validity and internal consistency.ResultsExpert authority coefficients of two Delphi rounds reached 0·89 and 0·91. Kendall' W coefficients of 0·113 (P < 0·001) in round 1 and 0·220 (P < 0·001) in round 2 indicated slight to fair agreement among experts. Content validity index (CVI) reached 1·0 for 12 items; the CVI for item 13 was <0·7 so it was excluded. Cronbach's α coefficient was 0·92, indicating acceptable internal consistency reliability. The coefficient of internal consistency of each dimension was 0·717–0·921. The Pearson correlation coefficient >0·9 (P < 0·05) showed an acceptable test‐retest reliability.ConclusionsThe instrument has acceptable reliability and validity and can assess the empowerment status of families of critically ill patients.Relevance to clinical practiceKnowledge of families' empowerment status may help to address their psychological needs and their ability to provide family support.
Report on Third International Intensive Aftercare Conference in Norrköping, Sweden
Authors: Jones Christina , Bäckman Carl , Egerod Ingrid , Gibb Peter , Nydahl Peter , Storli Sissel 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTThe third international conference on intensive care unit (ICU) diaries and intensive aftercare took place in Norrköping, Sweden, on 28 November 2013. The conference was organized by Carl Bäckman and colleagues, Vrinnevi Hospital and NOFI, and represented by Sissell Storli. More than 100 clinicians from across Europe and the USA attended the conference.
Continuous flow using an entrainer and t‐piece vs drawover apparatus for inhalational induction of anesthesia in children
Authors: Chikumbanje Singatiya , Bell Graham T. , Kapatuka Kenneth , Pollach Gregor 
Published: July 2014

SummaryBackgroundInhalational induction in children is easiest to perform with the Ayres t‐piece & bag (Mapleson F). Drawover anesthesia systems may be used but have not been studied. The aim of this study was to examine the quality of induction of anesthesia in children comparing a continuous flow system using the Farman entrainer and the pediatric t‐piece, to a pediatric drawover system.MethodsWe conducted a randomized controlled trial in accordance with departmental and institutional standards with 60 subjects who received inhalational induction using either apparatus.ResultsThere was no evidence of a difference in the median Sp02 between the two methods (P = 0.626) neither was there a difference between the method of induction regarding abdominal distension (P = 0.348) or restraint (P = 0.186). Induction time using the pediatric drawover apparatus 240 (range 115–605) seconds was significantly greater than the Farman entrainer/t‐piece 146 (range 65–535) seconds (P < 0.05).ConclusionsWe consider that this difference is unlikely to be clinically significant in many cases; however, the increased speed using the entrainer and t‐piece may sometimes confer an advantage.
Peroxisomal APX knockdown triggers antioxidant mechanisms favourable for coping with high photorespiratory H2O2 induced by CAT deficiency in rice
Authors: SOUSA RACHEL H. V. , CARVALHO FABRICIO E. L. , RIBEIRO CAROL W. , PASSAIA GISELE , CUNHA JULIANA R. , LIMA‐MELO YUGO , MARGIS‐PINHEIRO MÁRCIA , SILVEIRA JOAQUIM A. G. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe physiological role of peroxisomal ascorbate peroxidases (pAPX) is unknown; therefore, we utilized pAPX4 knockdown rice and catalase (CAT) inhibition to assess its role in CAT compensation under high photorespiration. pAPX4 knockdown induced co‐suppression in the expression of pAPX3. The rice mutants exhibited metabolic changes such as lower CAT and glycolate oxidase (GO) activities and reduced glyoxylate content; however, APX activity was not altered. CAT inhibition triggered different changes in the expression of CAT, APX and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) isoforms between non‐transformed (NT) and silenced plants. These responses were associated with alterations in APX, GPX and GO activities, suggesting redox homeostasis differences. The glutathione oxidation‐reduction states were modulated differently in mutants, and the ascorbate redox state was greatly affected in both genotypes. The pAPX suffered less oxidative stress and photosystem II (PSII) damage and displayed higher photosynthesis than the NT plants. The improved acclimation exhibited by the pAPX plants was indicated by lower H2O2 accumulation, which was associated with lower GO activity and glyoxylate content. The suppression of both pAPXs and/or its downstream metabolic and molecular effects may trigger favourable antioxidant and compensatory mechanisms to cope with CAT deficiency. This physiological acclimation may involve signalling by peroxisomal H2O2, which minimized the photorespiration.
High‐dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell rescue for treatment of retinoblastoma: Report of five cases
Authors: Caselli Désirée , Tamburini Angela , La Torre Agostino , Pollazzi Liliana , Tintori Veronica , Bambi Franco , Caputo Roberto , Aricò Maurizio 
Published: July 2014

AbstractRB is a primarily pediatric cancer arising from the retina, initiated by biallelic loss of the RB1 gene. We report five children with bilateral RB (n = 3), extra‐ocular disseminated RB, or disseminated relapsed RB, who were treated with tandem high‐dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell rescue. All patients received at least 2.2 × 106/kg CD34+ (median, 3.9 × 106/kg) cells. The preparative regimen for course 1 was carboplatin, thiotepa, etoposide, and for course 2, CM and melphalan. ANC of at least 0.5 × 109/L occurred at a median of 11 days (range, 10–12) and 15 days (range, 12–16) after the first and second procedure, respectively. Platelet engraftment occurred at a median of 13 days (range, 12–17) and 15 days (range, 14–22) after the first and second procedure, respectively. All of the five patients treated remain alive and disease free at the last follow‐up time, ranging between 21 and 44 months after completion of autologous transplant. Additional therapy was required in one patient, in whom enucleation had to be performed because of early disease relapse, refractory to local therapy. Intensification of chemotherapy with repeated high‐dose chemotherapy and autologous rescue appears an acceptable choice in selected cases with bilateral or extra‐ocular disease, either recurrent or refractory.
Translation of Obesity Practice Guidelines: Interprofessional Perspectives Regarding the Impact of Public Health Nurse System‐Level Intervention
Authors: Monsen Karen A. , Attleson Ingrid S. , Erickson Kristin J. , Neely Claire , Oftedahl Gary , Thorson Diane R. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of the study was to investigate the perceptions of administrators and clinicians regarding a public health facilitated collaborative supporting the translation into practice of the Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement (ICSI) Adult Obesity Guideline.Design and SampleThis qualitative study was conducted with 10 health care organizations participating in a voluntary, interprofessional obesity management collaborative. A purposive sample of 39 participants included two to three clinicians and an administrator from each organization. Interview analysis focused on how the intervention affected participants and their practices.ResultsFour themes described participant experiences of obesity guideline translation: (1) a shift from powerlessness to positive motivation, (2) heightened awareness coupled with improved capacity to respond, (3) personal ownership and use of creativity, and (4) a sense of the importance of increased interprofessional collaboration.ConclusionsThe investigation of interprofessional perspectives illuminates the feelings and perceptions of clinician and administrator participants regarding obesity practice guideline translation. These themes suggest that positive motivation, improved capacity, personal creative ownership, and interprofessional collaboration may be conducive to successful evidence‐based obesity guideline implementation. Further research is needed to evaluate these findings relative to translating the ICSI obesity guideline and other guidelines into practice in diverse clinical settings.