bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abordagem da criança com sopro cardíaco
Authors: Amaral Fernando , Granzotti João A. 
Published: December 2013

Crianças com sopro cardíaco ocupam consideravelmente o tempo de trabalho ambulatorial em cardiologia pediátrica, sendo, inicialmente, essencial a diferenciação entre sopro inocente e patológico. A identificação do ruído deve ser feita, na maioria das vezes, pelo pediatra, durante o primeiro contato com a criança. A caracterização dos sopros inocentes e patológicos pode ser obtida sem necessidade de exames complementares, na grande maioria dos casos. Os tipos de sopro inocente mais comuns são o sopro vibratório de Still, o sopro sistólico no foco pulmonar e o sopro sistólico supraclavicular. A análise do sopro atológico deve incluir detalhes como sua localização no tórax, intensidade e possível presença de ruídos adicionais. A observação criteriosa desses sopros permite o estabelecimento de um diagnóstico clínico na maioria dos casos, principalmente nas cardiopatias consideradas simples.
Mensuração da gravidade de quadros clínicos resultantes de cirurgias
Authors: Sousa Fátima A. E. Faleiros , Kamizaki Ricardo , Sant’Ana Roberta P. M. , Giuntini Patrícia B. 
Published: December 2013

O objetivo deste estudo foi escalonar, por médicos e enfermeiros, a gravidade de sessenta e oito (68) quadros clínicos cirúrgicos, através do método de estimação de magnitudes. Os dados permitem concluir que: 1) os quadros clínicocirúrgicos,
aneurismectomia de aorta, aneurismectomia cerebral e revascularização do miocárdio, foram considerados os de maior gravidade, enquanto que os quadros clinicocirúrgicos, adenoidectomia, amigdalectomia e curetagem uterina, os de menor gravidade em todas as escalas obtidas pelos diferentes métodos psicofísicos diretos e 2) a escala de razão de gravidade de quadros clinicocirúrgicos é válida, estável e consistente, pois o expoente obtido (0,74) através dos emparelhamentos de comprimentos de linhas e de forças dinamométricas não foi significativamente diferente do expoente predito (0,77) pela propriedade de transitividade das escalas, ou seja, daquele obtido nas tarefas de calibração por Faleiros Sousa (1)
Aspectos moleculares da transmissão sináptica
Authors: Lopes Ana C. Polli , Rosa Luciana Casaletti , Beleboni René de O. , Pereira Rodrigo N. R. , Vasconcelos Carlos A. C. de , Moreira Jorge E. 
Published: December 2013

O Sistema Nervoso Central produz o nosso estado consciente mediante um contínuo fluxo de informações e armazenamento de memórias ao longo da vida, a partir de diferentes estímulos externos. Ao mesmo tempo, controla a concentração dos nossos fluidos internos e o trabalho de músculos e glândulas. A transmissão sináptica é o processo básico de toda esta atividade. Bilhões de neurônios se comunicam entre si via milhares de sinapses, e cada sinapse, por sua vez, é uma estrutura regulada independentemente. A partir desta complexidade, em lugar de caos, surge uma singular ordem na informação processada pelo cérebro. A secreção de neurotransmissores na zona ativa da sinapse é o evento primário da comunicação interneuronal. Este processo é regulado por um tráfego de membranas altamente orquestrado dentro do terminal présináptico. Os neurotransmissores são armazenados em vesículas sinápticas. A despolarização de um terminal nervoso por um potencial de ação resulta na abertura de canais de cálcio, operados por voltagem. O influxo de Ca resultante deflagra a exocitose, que é uma rápida fusão de vesículas com a membrana plasmática, liberando neurotransmissores para a fenda sináptica. A exocitose envolve a junção de proteínas intrínsecas das membranas plasmáticas, vesicular e pré-sináptica, mediante proteínas específicas de ancoragem e fusão na zona ativa (SNARE). Em seguida à liberação, as membranas das vesículas são rapidamente reincorporadas via endocitose e recicladas dentro do terminal sináptico. O terminal é, portanto, uma unidade autônoma que contém todos os elementos requeridos para a exocitose das vesículas, as proteínas responsáveis pela biossíntese do neurotransmissor e recaptação das vesículas. Uma vez liberado, o neurotransmissor difunde através da fenda sináptica e interage com proteínas receptoras na membrana do neurônio póssináptico produzindo, em uma fração de milissegundo, uma permeabilidade intensa e temporária aos íons Na + e K+, provocando a despolarização total de cerca de 100 mV desde um potencial de repouso em torno de -60mV. Isto gera um potencial de ação que se difunde ao longo da membrana do neurônio pós-sináptico, podendo alcançar o seu próprio erminal e deflagrar novo movimento de Ca 2+ para o citosol, gerando um novo potencial. Várias proteínas dentro do terminal pós-sináptico estão envolvidas neste processo. É geralmente aceito que os processos de aprendizado e memória resultam de mudanças estruturais e bioquímicas em sinapses específicas que alteram a liberação de neurotransmissores e a ação pós-sináptica. Tais alterações podem ser registradas eletrofisiologicamente como uma potenciação ou depressão de duração longa (LTP ou LTD) ou a combinação de ambas.
Um estudo diferencial sobre crenças de portadores do vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV), relacionadas ao enfrentamento psicológico das condições de contágio
Authors: Figueiredo Marco Antonio de Castro , Terenzi Natalia Maria , Machado Alcyone Artioli 
Published: December 2013

Modelo do estudo: estudo diferencial. Objetivo: o impacto da Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida (aids) sobre a integridade afetiva de portadores e pacientes sintomáticos exacerba, na pessoa atendida, sentimentos de insegurança e de perda do domínio sobre a situação em que o atendimento se efetua. Este fato se reflete na resposta do paciente ao tratamento, incidindo de forma negativa sobre sua aderência aos procedimentos prescritos: assim, o conhecimento prévio sobre a maneira com que o paciente avalia as causas da doença e os recursos de que ele próprio dispõe para enfrentá-la constituem um referencial de grande importância para a concepção de estratégias de atendimento. Neste sentido, este estudo foi delineado com o objetivo de verificar as diferentes formas com que o enfrentamento psicológico das condições do contágio pelo HIV se manifesta em pessoas com aids. Metodologia: este trabalho foi delineado, compreendendo dois estudos: a) trinta (30) portadores do HIV, sintomáticos ou não, com idades variando entre dezenove (19) e cinqüenta e nove (59) anos, foram avaliados através da Escala de Locus de Controle de Levenson, permitindo classificá-los em três categorias: internos, teleológicos, cujo controle emana de um poder superior ou vontade divina; b) posteriormente, quarenta (40) pacientes sintomáticos, atendidos em clínicas públicas e particulares, foram avaliados através de uma adaptação da escala de Levenson, contextualizada para a aids. Resultados: para ambos os estudos, considerando os sujeitos definidos pelas variáveis idade e religião, não foram identificados subgrupos diferenciais (p>.05). No primeiro estudo, prevaleceram respostas da externalidade conjugadas à teleologia, nas mulheres, (.59+.17>.17+.08; p<.001); no segundo, foi verificada uma menor propensão à teleologia entre os usuários de serviços particulares, quando comparados aos de serviços públicos (-.32<+.12; p<.001), além de uma maior internalidade nestes últimos. (+.44>+.26; p=.02). Conclusões: tais resultados apontam algumas características distintivas entre os sujeitos quanto à auto-responsabilização e às crenças de razão necessária sobre problemas relacionados à aids. Considerando estas diferenças, foram discutidas algumas características que poderiam nortear futuras estratégias de orientação, subsidiárias ao tratamento clínico da aids.
Prevenção da aids
Authors: Temporini Edméa Rita , Bandeira Antonio Carlos Albuquerque , Medeiros Maria do Carmo 
Published: December 2013

Modelo do estudo: Pesquisa analítica. Objetivos: 1) Conhecer percepções e conduta de estudantes universitários, relacionadas ao uso de preservativo para evitar a AIDS; 2) subsidiar o planejamento de intervenções educativas. Métodos: Elaborou-se questionário auto-aplicável, com base em estudo exploratório. A amostra foi composta por estudantes de facudades de três cidades do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, e obtida por critério de conveniência. Resultados: Integraram a amostra setecentos e onze (711) estudantes que apresentaram as seguintes características: 43,0% do sexo masculino e 57,0% do sexo feminino, idades entre 17 e 32 anos, 65,4% dos homens e 43,9% das mulheres declararam terem tido relação sexual. A maioria revelou grau reduzido ou médio de percepção do risco de contrair AIDS; estudantes de ambos os sexos manifestaram desconfiança em relação à eficácia de medidas preventivas. Relataram baixa credibilidade no uso de preservativo e alto grau de confiança em parceiro sexual conhecido, para evitar a AIDS. Conclusão: Considera-se necessário incrementar a realização de pesquisas de componentes sociais e culturais associados à conduta de risco, a fim de direcionar o planejamento de intervenções educativas com vistas ao controle da epidemia de AIDS.
Sharp lower bounds involving circuit layout system
Authors: Wen Jiajin , Wu Shanhe , Gao Chaobang 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
The circuit layout system

CLS

{

Γ
n

(
A
)
,

Γ
N

(

A
∗

)
,
δ
}

E

in a Euclidean space "Equation missing" is defined. By means of algebraic,analytic, geometric and inequality theories, we obtain several sharp lowerbounds involving the circuit layout system.

MSC: 51K05, 26D15.
Bulk segregant RNA-seq reveals expression and positional candidate genes and allele-specific expression for disease resistance against enteric septicemia of catfish
Authors: Wang Ruijia , Sun Luyang , Bao Lisui , Zhang Jiaren , Jiang Yanliang , Yao Jun , Song Lin , Feng Jianbin , Liu Shikai , Liu Zhanjiang 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe application of RNA-seq has accelerated gene expression profiling and identification of gene-associated SNPs in many species. However, the integrated studies of gene expression along with SNP mapping have been lacking. Coupling of RNA-seq with bulked segregant analysis (BSA) should allow correlation of expression patterns and associated SNPs with the phenotypes.ResultsIn this study, we demonstrated the use of bulked segregant RNA-seq (BSR-Seq) for the analysis of differentially expressed genes and associated SNPs with disease resistance against enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC). A total of 1,255 differentially expressed genes were found between resistant and susceptible fish. In addition, 56,419 SNPs residing on 4,304 unique genes were identified as significant SNPs between susceptible and resistant fish. Detailed analysis of these significant SNPs allowed differentiation of significant SNPs caused by genetic segregation and those caused by allele-specific expression. Mapping of the significant SNPs, along with analysis of differentially expressed genes, allowed identification of candidate genes underlining disease resistance against ESC disease.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated the use of BSR-Seq for the identification of genes involved in disease resistance against ESC through expression profiling and mapping of significantly associated SNPs. BSR-Seq is applicable to analysis of genes underlining various performance and production traits without significant investment in the development of large genotyping platforms such as SNP arrays.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Gene expression analysis indicates CB1 receptor upregulation in the hippocampus and neurotoxic effects in the frontal cortex 3 weeks after single-dose MDMA administration in Dark Agouti rats
Authors: Petschner Peter , Tamasi Viola , Adori Csaba , Kirilly Eszter , Ando Romeo D , Tothfalusi Laszlo , Bagdy Gyorgy 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackground3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "ecstasy") is a widely used recreational drug known to impair cognitive functions on the long-run. Both hippocampal and frontal cortical regions have well established roles in behavior, memory formation and other cognitive tasks and damage of these regions is associated with altered behavior and cognitive functions, impairments frequently described in heavy MDMA users. The aim of this study was to examine the hippocampus, frontal cortex and dorsal raphe of Dark Agouti rats with gene expression arrays (Illumina RatRef bead arrays) looking for possible mechanisms and new candidates contributing to the effects of a single dose of MDMA (15 mg/kg) 3 weeks earlier.ResultsThe number of differentially expressed genes in the hippocampus, frontal cortex and the dorsal raphe were 481, 155, and 15, respectively. Gene set enrichment analysis of the microarray data revealed reduced expression of 'memory’ and 'cognition’, 'dendrite development’ and 'regulation of synaptic plasticity’ gene sets in the hippocampus, parallel to the upregulation of the CB1 cannabinoid- andEpha4,Epha5,Epha6ephrin receptors. Downregulated gene sets in the frontal cortex were related to protein synthesis, chromatin organization, transmembrane transport processes, while 'dendrite development’, 'regulation of synaptic plasticity’ and 'positive regulation of synapse assembly’ gene sets were upregulated. Changes in the dorsal raphe region were mild and in most cases not significant.ConclusionThe present data raise the possibility of new synapse formation/synaptic reorganization in the frontal cortex three weeks after a single neurotoxic dose of MDMA. In contrast, a prolonged depression of new neurite formation in the hippocampus is suggested by the data, which underlines the particular vulnerability of this brain region after the drug treatment. Finally, our results also suggest the substantial contribution of CB1 receptor and endocannabinoid mediated pathways in the hippocampal impairments. Taken together the present study provides evidence for the participation of new molecular candidates in the long-term effects of MDMA.
Four distinct types of dehydration stress memory genes in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Ding Yong , Liu Ning , Virlouvet Laetitia , Riethoven Jean-Jack , Fromm Michael , Avramova Zoya 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Background
How plants respond to dehydration stress has been extensively researched. However, how plants respond to multiple consecutive stresses is virtually unknown. Pre-exposure to various abiotic stresses (including dehydration) may alter plants’ subsequent responses by improving resistance to future exposures. These observations have led to the concept of ‘stress memory’ implying that during subsequent exposures plants provide responses that are different from those during their first encounter with the stress. Genes that provide altered responses in a subsequent stress define the ‘memory genes’ category; genes responding similarly to each stress form the ‘non-memory’ category.

Results
Using a genome-wide RNA-Seq approach we determine the transcriptional responses of Arabidopsis plants that have experienced multiple exposures to dehydration stress and compare them with the transcriptional behavior of plants encountering the stress for the first time. The major contribution of this study is the revealed existence of four distinct, previously unknown, transcription memory response patterns of dehydration stress genes in A.thaliana. The biological relevance for each of the four memory types is considered in the context of four overlapping strategies employed by a plant to improve its stress tolerance and/or survival: 1) increased synthesis of protective, damage-repairing, and detoxifying functions; 2) coordinating photosynthesis and growth under repetitive stress; 3) re-adjusting osmotic and ionic equilibrium to maintain homeostasis; and 4) re-adjusting interactions between dehydration and other stress/hormone regulated pathways.

Conclusions
The results reveal the unknown, hitherto, existence of four distinct transcription memory response types in a plant and provide genome-wide characterization of memory and non-memory dehydration stress response genes in A.thaliana. The transcriptional responses during repeated exposures to stress are different from known responses occurring during a single exposure. GO analyses of encoded proteins suggested implications for the cellular/organismal protective, adaptive, and survival functions encoded by the memory genes. The results add a new dimension to our understanding of plants’ responses to dehydration stress and to current models for interactions between different signaling systems when adjusting to repeated spells of water deficits.
Longitudinal quality of life analysis in a phenylketonuria cohort provided sapropterin dihydrochloride
Authors: Douglas Teresa D , Ramakrishnan Usha , Kable Julie A , Singh Rani H 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Background
Sapropterin dihydrochloride effectively lowers plasma phenylalanine (Phe) for at least a third of phenylketonuria (PKU) patients, with potential for increased dietary Phe tolerance and decreased medical food requirement.

Objective
To investigate long-term quality of life (QOL) in patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) who took sapropterin (BH4, Kuvan®) for up to one year.

Methods
37 PKU patients, ages 10–49 years, were asked to complete a PKU-specific self-report QOL questionnaire (QOLQ) at baseline, 1, 4, 8, and 12 months. Questions were scored on a 5-point Likert scale under 5 sub-sections measuring Impact, Worries, Satisfaction, Support, and General wellbeing in relation to PKU. Responders with a plasma Phe decrease ≥ 15% after 1 month on sapropterin remained on the drug; Nonresponders ceased sapropterin after the trial month. Responders able to relax medical diet and maintain plasma Phe control were classified as Definitive; Responders unable to relax medical diet were classified as Provisional. All patients were routinely monitored by a registered dietitian. Data was analyzed in SPSS 19.0 using regression techniques.

Results
Of 17 Responders, 11 could maintain adequate Phe control on a less restrictive diet. One year mean Impact sub-score trends improved significantly for all sapropterin response groups, with greatest improvement among Definitive Responders (p < 0.0001). Satisfaction sub-scores also improved for Definitive Responders (p = 0.001). Trends for Total QOL score improved significantly over time for both Definitive (p = 0.001) and Provisional Responders (p = 0.028). Improvements in Definitive Responder scores were associated with increased Phe tolerance (Impact: p < 0.0001, Satisfaction: p = 0.022, Total QOL: p = 0.005) and MF adjustment (Satisfaction: p = 0.014, Total QOL: p = 0.026). Other sub-section scores remained steady, unaffected by sapropterin response or diet modification.

Conclusion
Increased Phe tolerance and reduced MF requirement in sapropterin Definitive Responders improves QOL perception across one year, specifically for life impact and satisfaction.
Postoperative Horner’s syndrome after video-assisted thyroidectomy: a report of two cases
Authors: Ying Xin , Dandan Guan , Bin Chen 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Horner’s syndrome is a rare complication after video-assisted thyroidectomy (VAT). We present two cases of thyroid microcarcinoma who presented with Horner’s syndrome on day 2 after surgery. Ultrasonography showed no hematoma or fluid collection in the surgical field. For the first case, the symptoms were much relieved 4 months later. However, the right pupil remained smaller. For the second case, the symptoms were relieved 3 days later. The symptoms were caused by local trauma to the sympathetic chain and likely occurred during retraction of the carotid sheath. Surgeons should be aware of the possibility of Horner’s syndrome after VAT.
The effects of atmosphere and calcined temperature on photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanofibers prepared by electrospinning
Authors: Hu MeiLing , Fang MingHao , Tang Chao , Yang Tao , Huang ZhaoHui , Liu YanGai , Wu XiaoWen , Min Xin 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
TiO2-based nanofibers were synthesized using a sol–gel method and electrospinning technique. The as-spun composite fibers were heat-treated at different temperatures (500°C, 550°C, 600°C, and 650°C) and atmospheres (ammonia and nitrogen) for 4 h. The fibers had diameters of 50 to 200 nm and mainly featured anatase and rutile phases. The anatase phase decreased and the rutile phase increased with increasing temperature. Different nitrogen conditions exerted minimal effects on the TiO2 crystalline phase. Different nitriding atmospheres during preservation heating yielded various effects on fibers. The effect of nitrogen in ammonia atmosphere is better than that in nitrogen atmosphere. The fibers heat-treated at 600°C and subjected to preservation heating in NH3 showed high photocatalytic activity.
A novel link switching scheme using pre-scanning and RSS prediction in visible light communication networks
Authors: Nguyen Tuan , Chowdhury Mostafa Zaman , Jang Yeong Min 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Visible light communication (VLC) is gaining increasing attention and is considered as a promising technology for future wireless indoor communications. Because movable users expect a seamless connectivity experience when switching among transmitters (i.e., VLC access points) in the VLC system, fast link switching operations must be supported by the networks. This paper presents a novel hard link switching scheme for VLC networks with the use of pre-scanning and received signal strength (RSS) prediction. Our proposed scheme achieves the advantages of both conventional hard and soft link switching schemes without changing device hardware or the IEEE 802.15.7 medium access control (MAC) protocol. To help compare our proposed scheme with conventional hard and soft link switching schemes, the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), the outage probability regarding the link switching situation, and the queuing models for link switching schemes are taken into account. Simulation and numerical results validate that our proposed scheme outperforms conventional hard and soft link switching schemes.
Promoter activity dynamics in the lag phase of Escherichia coli
Authors: Madar Daniel , Dekel Erez , Bren Anat , Zimmer Anat , Porat Ziv , Alon Uri 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Background
Lag phase is a period of time with no growth that occurs when stationary phase bacteria are transferred to a fresh medium. Bacteria in lag phase seem inert: their biomass does not increase. The low number of cells and low metabolic activity make it difficult to study this phase. As a consequence, it has not been studied as thoroughly as other bacterial growth phases. However, lag phase has important implications for bacterial infections and food safety. We asked which, if any, genes are expressed in the lag phase of Escherichia coli, and what is their dynamic expression pattern.

Results
We developed an assay based on imaging flow cytometry of fluorescent reporter cells that overcomes the challenges inherent in studying lag phase. We distinguish between lag1 phase- in which there is no biomass growth, and lag2 phase- in which there is biomass growth but no cell division. We find that in lag1 phase, most promoters are not active, except for the enzymes that utilize the specific carbon source in the medium. These genes show promoter activities that increase exponentially with time, despite the fact that the cells do not measurably increase in size. An oxidative stress promoter, katG, is also active. When cells enter lag2 and begin to grow in size, they switch to a full growth program of promoter activity including ribosomal and metabolic genes.

Conclusions
The observed exponential increase in enzymes for the specific carbon source followed by an abrupt switch to production of general growth genes is a solution of an optimal control model, known as bang-bang control. The present approach contributes to the understanding of lag phase, the least studied of bacterial growth phases.