bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flat-band Voltage Study Of Atomic-layer-Deposited Aluminum-oxide Subjected To Spike Thermal Annealing
Authors: Mehta V. R. , Fiory A. T. , Ravindra N. M. , Ho M. Y. , Wilk G. D. , Sorsch T. W. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractHigh-κ dielectrics based the oxide of Al were prepared by atomic layer deposition (ALD) on 200-mm p-type Si wafers. Films were deposited directly on clean Si or on 0.5-nm underlayers of rapid thermal oxide or oxynitrides grown in O2 and/or NO ambients. The purpose of the underlayer films is to provide a barrier for atomic diffusion from the crystal Si to the high-κ dielectric film. Deposited Al-oxide films varied in thickness from 2 to 6 nm. Post deposition anneals were used to stabilize the ALD oxides. Equivalent SiO2-oxide thickness varied from 1.0 to 3.5 nm. In situ P-doped amorphous-Si 160 nm films were deposited over the oxides to prepare heavily doped n-type gate electrodes in MOS structures. Samples were rapid thermal annealed in N2 ambient at 800°C for 30 s, or spike annealed at 950, 1000, and 1050°C (nominally zero time at peak temperature). Flat band voltages, VFB were determined from C-V measurements on dot patterns. The 800°C anneals were used as a baseline, at which the poly-Si electrodes are crystallized and acquire electrical activation while subjecting the high-κ dielectrics to a low thermal budget. Positive shifts in VFB were observed, relative to a pure SiO2 control, ranging from 0.2 to 0.8 V. Spike annealing reduces the VFB shift for ALD films deposited over underlayer films. The VFB shift and the changes with annealing temperature show systematic dependence on the nitridation of the underlayer.
Reclaiming Ability of Spent Sands with Modified, Hydrated Sodium Silicate
Authors: Kamińska J. , Kmita A. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The presented in the paper investigations were aimed at the determination of the reclaimed material (obtained in the dry mechanical reclamation process) addition influence on properties of moulding sands with hydrated sodium silicate modified by colloidal suspension of zinc oxide nanoparticles in propanol. Nanoparticles originated from the thermal decomposition of alkaline zinc carbonate, were used. The results of the reclamation of the spent moulding sand with hydrated sodium silicate performed in the AT-2 testing reclaimer are presented in the paper. Both, spent sands from the Floster S technology and from the technology with the modified water-glass were subjected to the reclamation processes. The following determinations of the reclaimed material were performed: pH reaction, acid demand, ignition loss and Na2O content. The obtained reclaim was used as a matrix component of moulding sands with water-glass in the Floster S technology, in which it constituted 60% and 50% of the sand matrix. The strength properties of the prepared moulding sands were determined (bending strength Rgu, tensile strength Rm u) after samples storing times: 1h, 2h, 4h and 24 hours.
Microstructure Control of High-alloyed White Cast Iron
Authors: Kawalec M. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
This paper presents the results of studies of high-alloyed white cast iron modified with lanthanum, titanium, and aluminium-strontium. The samples were taken from four melts of high-vanadium cast iron with constant carbon and vanadium content and near-eutectic microstructure into which the tested inoculants were introduced in an amount of 1 wt% respective of the charge weight. The study included a metallographic examinations, mechanical testing, as well as hardness and impact resistance measurements taken on the obtained alloys. Studies have shown that different additives affect both the microstructure and mechanical properties of high-vanadium cast iron.
Highsilicone Austempered Ductile Iron
Authors: Kochański A. , Krzyńska A. , Radziszewski T. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Ductile iron casts with a higher silicone content were produced. The austempering process of high silicone ductile iron involving different austempering times was studied and the results presented. The results of metallographical observations and tensile strength tests were offered. The obtained results point to the fact that the silicone content which is considered as acceptable in the literature may in fact be exceeded. The issue is viewed as requiring further research
The Influence of Pressure Die Casting Parameters on the Mechanical Properties of AlSi11/10 Vol.% SiC Composite
Authors: Konopka Z. , Pasieka A. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The paper presents the method of preparing a composite slurry composed of AlSi11 alloy matrix and 10 vol.% of SiC particles, as well as the method of its high-pressure die casting and the measurement results concerning the tensile strength, the yield point, the elongation and hardness of the obtained composite. Composite castings were produced at various values of the piston velocity in the second stage of injection, diverse intensification pressure values, and various injection gate width values. There were found the regression equations describing the change of mechanical properties of the examined composite as a function of pressure die casting process parameters. The conclusion gives the analysis and the interpretation of the obtained results.
Numerical Modelling of Fluid Flow and Thermal Phenomena in the Tundish of CSC Machine
Authors: Sowa L. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The mathematical and numerical simulation model of the liquid steel flow in a tundish is presented in this paper. The problem was treated as a complex and solved by the finite element method. The single-strand slab tundish is used to continuous casting slabs. The internal work space of the tundish was modified by the following flow control devices. The first device was a striker pad situated in the pouring tundish zone. The second device was a baffle with three holes and the third device was a baffle without hole. The main purpose of using these devices was to cause a quiet liquid mixing as well as give directional metal flow upwards which facilitated inclusion floatation. The interaction of flow control devices on hydrodynamic conditions was received from numerical simulation. As a result of the computations carried out, the liquid steel flow and steel temperature fields were obtained. The influence of the tundish modification on velocity fields in the liquid phase of steel was estimated, because these have an essential influence on high quality of a continuous steel cast slab.
Castings Dimensions Influence on the Alloyed Layer Thickness
Authors: Szajnar J. , Baron C. , Walasek A. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The paper presents the results of simulation of alloy layer formation process on the model casting. The first aim of this study was to determine the influence of the location of the heat center on alloy layer’s thickness with the use of computer simulation. The second aim of this study was to predict the thickness of the layer. For changes of technological parameters, the distribution of temperature in the model casting and temperature changes in the characteristic points of the casting were found for established changes of technological parameters. Numerical calculations were performed using programs NovaFlow&Solid. The process of obtaining the alloy layer with good quality and proper thickness depends on: pouring temperature, time of premould hold at the temperature above 1300°C. The obtained results of simulation were loaded to authorial program Preforma 1.1 in order to determine the predicted thickness of the alloy casting.
Effect of Core Thickness and Intermediate Layers on Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene Honeycomb Multi-Layer Sandwich Structures
Authors: Arbaoui J. , Schmitt Y. , Pierrot J.-L. , Royer F.-X. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Sandwich structures are widely used in lightweight construction especially in aerospace industries because of their high specific strength and stiffness. This paper investigates the effect of core thickness and intermediate layers on the mechanical properties of a polypropylene honeycomb core/composite facing multilayer sandwich structure under three points bending. We developed a theoretical model which makes it possible to calculate the shear properties in multi-cores. The results obtained by this model are agreed with our experimental results, and the results obtained with bending test showed that the mechanical properties of the composite multilayer structures increase with core thickness and intermediate layers.
Recognition of Monochrome Thermal Images of Synchronous Motor with the Application of Binarization and Nearest Mean Classifier
Authors: Glowacz A. , Glowacz A. , Korohoda P. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
This article discusses the recognition method of imminent failure conditions of synchronous motor. The proposed approach is based on a study of thermal images of the motor. Studies were carried out for four conditions of motor with the application of binarization and nearest mean classifier with Manhattan distance. Pattern creation process used 40 monochrome thermal images. Identification process was carried out for 160 monochrome thermal images. The experiments show that the method can be useful for protection of synchronous motor. Moreover, this method can be used to diagnose equipments in steelworks and other industrial plants.
Determination of the Optimal Structure of Repowering a Metallurgical CHP Plant Fired with Technological Fuel Gases
Authors: Ziebik A. , Warzyc M. , Gładysz P. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
CHP plants in ironworks are traditionally fired with low-calorific technological fuel gases and hard coal. Among metallurgical fuel gases blast-furnace gas (BFG) dominates. Minor shares of gaseous fuels are converter gas (LDG) and surpluses of coke-oven gas (COG). Metallurgical CHP plant repowering consists in adding a gas turbine to the existing traditional steam CHP plant. It has been assumed that the existing steam turbine and parts of double-fuel steam boilers can be used in modernized CHP plants. Such a system can be applied parallelly with the existing steam cycle, increasing the efficiency of utilizing the metallurgical fuel gases.
The paper presents a method and the final results of analyzing the repowering of an existing metallurgical CHP plant fired with low-calorific technological fuel gases mixed with hard coal. The introduction of a gas turbine cycle results in a better effectiveness of the utilization of metallurgical fuel gases. Due to the probabilistic character of the input data (e.g. the duration curve of availability of the chemical energy of blast-furnace gas for CHP plant, the duration curve of ambient temperature) the Monte Carlo method has been applied in order to choose the optimal structure of the gas-and-steam combined cycle CHP unit, using the Gate Cycle software. In order to simplify the optimizing calculation, the described analysis has also been performed basing on the average value of availability of the chemical energy of blast-furnace gas. The fundamental values of optimization differ only slightly from the results of the probabilistic model.
The results obtained by means of probabilistic and average input data have been compared using new information and a model applying average input data. The new software Thermoflex has been used. The comparison confirmed that in the choice of the power rating of the gas turbine based on both computer programs the results are similar.
Thermal, Structural and Electrical Properties of Some Bi-Cu-Ni Alloys
Authors: Marković B. , Živković D. , Manasijeyić D. , Sokić M. , Minić D. , Talijan N. , Stajić-Trošić J. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The Bi-Cu-Ni ternary system belongs to the group of potential Cu-Ni-based advanced lead-free solder materials for high temperature application. In this study microstructure investigation of the slow-cooled Bi-Cu-Ni samples was done using SEM-EDS analysis. The samples compositions were chosen along three cross-sections with molar ratio Cu:Ni=1:3, 1:1 and 3:1. The experimentally obtained phase structure was compared with the results of thermodynamic calculation according to CALPHAD method. Also, new results regarding thermal and electrical properties investigations of these alloys are presented in this paper, based on DSC and electroconductivity measurements.
The Prediction of Hardenability using Neural Networks
Authors: Knap M. , Falkus J. , Rozman A. , Konopka K. , Lamut J. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The objective of the research that has been presented was to model the effect of differences in chemical composition within one steel grade on hardenability, with a very broad and heterogeneous database used for studying hardness predictions. This article presents the second part of research conducted with neural networks. In the previous article [1] the most influential parameters were defined along with their weights and on the basis of these results, an improved model for predicting hardenability was developed.
These developed neural networks were applied to model predictions of hardenability for three steel grades VCNMO150, CT270 and 42CrMoS4.
The results proved that the correlation between the chemical composition differences within a chosen steel grade and the hardness changes can be modeled. If the database is big enough, predictions would be accurate and of high quality. But for a less comprehensive database, the differences in hardness predictions for various chemical compositions of the steel grade concernedwere observable.
Fatigue and Static Properties of Friction Stir Welded Aluminium Alloy 6082 Lap Joints Using Triflute-Type and Smooth Tool
Authors: Krasnowski K. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Due to numerous advantages, the FSW process more and more frequently used in different industries. Presently 99% of the FSW applications are connected with welding of aluminium alloys and most of FSW connections are butt joints, for which the very good mechanical properties are proved in many research. Instead of butt joints also a few types of shape joints can be friction stir welded, e.g. lap joints, multiple lap joints, fillet joints and T-joints.
This study presents the results of investigation into the impact of the FSW tool type on the structure of FSW lap joints made of aluminium 6082 and their mechanical properties under static and dynamic load. The study also presents the influence of different welding speeds and toll pin lengths on structure of lap joints. The paper also describes and demonstrates the negative influence on joints properties of some common defects that usually occurs in lap joints welded by means of FSW.
Semi-Solid State of Blast Furnace Slag Admixtures of AL2O3
Authors: Migas P. , Korolczuk-Hejnak M. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The nature and properties of liquid solutions - metallurgical slags (used in the pig iron and steel production) affect the quality of the final product and processing time. The main object of the study was slag system: CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3, when the content of Al2O3 was raised to ca. 25% in liquid and semi-liquid state.
Measurements were performed using Searle’s method of concentric cylinder systems. Graphite measuring systems were used for testing with two types of bobs: smooth and perforated. Rheological measurements were carried out for five slag systems in the temperature range between 1310-1500°C, shear rate values were changed in the wide range between 1s-1 to 150/180s-1. FactSage application was used to calculate the mass of solid phases precipitating from the slag volume for different chemical compositions at various temperatures. In the temperature range in which the solid phases occurred in the slag the analysed systems show non-Newtonian behaviour.
Influence of Processing Parameters and Different Content of Tib2 Ceramics on the Properties of Composites Sintered by High Pressure -High Temperature (HP-HT) Method
Authors: Sulima I. , Jaworska L. , Figiel P. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
In this paper the properties of the austenitic stainless steel reinforced with various volume fractions of TiB2 ceramics have been studied. The high pressure- high temperature (HP-HT) method of sintering was applied to the formation of composites. Samples were sintered at pressure of 5 and 7 ±0.2 GPa and temperatures of 1273 K and 1573 K. For the tested materials, the relative density, Young’s modulus and hardness were measured. In order to investigate the structure changes, the scanning electron microscope was used. The obtained results show that the temperature and pressure influence on the mechanical and physical properties of the investigated composites.
Cavitation Erosion Resistance of Alloys Used in Cathodic Protection of Hulls of Ships
Authors: Jasionowski R. , Przetakiewicz D. , Przetakiewicz W. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Seawater is an aggressive environment which causes the necessity of using corrosion protection of hulls of ships. Cathodic protection is an effective prevention method which has been applied in this area for many years. In this method, potential of the ship’s hull is reduced by using galvanic anodes (so-called protectors), which are additionally exposed to cavitation erosion.
Results of cavitation erosion resistance investigation of alloys commonly used in cathodic protection of hulls of ships, are presented in this paper. The tests were carried out on the three, most often applied materials which are zinc, aluminium and magnesium alloys. The investigated samples were subjected to cavitation conditions in a jet-impact laboratory stand. Destruction mechanism of the surface layer affected by working liquid was described. The highest cavitational erosion resistance among all studied alloys was exhibited by AlMg alloy.
The Effect of PVD and CVD Coating Structures on the Durability of Sintered Cutting Edges
Authors: Staszuk M. , Dobrzanski L.A. , Tanski T. , Kwasny W. , Musztyfaga-Staszuk M. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
In the work it was demonstrated that the exploitative stability of edges from tool ceramics and sintered carbides coated with gradient and multilayer PVD and CVD coatings depends mainly on the adherence of the coatings to the substrate, while the change of coating microhardness from 2300 to 3500 HV0.05, the size of grains and their thickness affect the durability of the edges to a lesser extent. It was found that some coatings showed a fine-grained structure. The coatings which contained the AlN phase with hexagonal lattice showed a considerably higher adhesion to the substrate from sialon ceramics rather than the coatings containing the TiN phase. Better adherence of the coatings containing the AlN phase with hexagonal lattice is connected with the same kind of interatomic bonds (covalent) in material of both coating and ceramic substrate. In the paper the exploitative properties of the investigated coatings in the technological cutting trials were also determined. The models of artificial neural network, which demonstrate a relationships between the edge stability and coating properties such as: critical load, microhardness, thickness and size of grains were worked out.
Kinetic Analysis of Aluminium Evaporation from the Ti-6Al-7Nb Alloy
Authors: Blacha L. , Golak S. , Jakovics A. , Tucs A. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
In the present paper, kinetics of aluminium evaporation from the Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy during smelting by means of the VIM method at 5 to 1000 Pa has been discussed. To determine the liquid titanium meniscus area and the liquid titanium mean velocity for the experimental conditions of the study, a methodology based on the coupled model of the electromagnetic field and the hydrodynamic field of liquid metal was applied.
Consolidation by Continuous Rotary Extrusion of Aluminium Alloys Cast by the Melt Spinning Process
Authors: Szymański W. , Bigaj M. , Gawlik M. , Mitka M. , Szymanek M. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
One of the methods to produce aluminium alloys of an uncommon composition and structure is by the combined process of casting with rapid solidification and the following plastic forming.
When modern advanced methods of rapid cooling of the melt are used, the alloy structure solidifies as a powder in the atomiser or as ribbons when cast onto a rapidly rotating copper wheel. If optimum conditions for the process of casting and rapid consolidation are satisfied, it is possible to control some structure parameters like the size of the particles, the size of the precipitates, etc. Additionally, the production of aluminium alloys by rapid solidification allows introducing the alloying constituents that are incompatible with the state of equilibrium. The consolidation of material made by rapid solidification is achieved in one of the numerous variations of the plastic forming processes, among which the most commonly used are the direct extrusion and continuous rotary extrusion (CRE).
This paper presents the results of the consolidation in the process of continuous rotary extrusion (CRE) of selected aluminum alloys with an unusually high content of alloying elements cast in the process of rapid solidification by melt spinning and crushed in a high-speed cutting mill to as ”chips”.
Effect Of Cathodic Current Density on Microstructure and Properties of Nickel Composite Coatings
Authors: Nowak M. , Opyrchał M. , Boczkal S. , Zelechowski J. , Najder A. , Karas M. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Studies were carried out to characterise the nickel composite coatings deposited on a 2xxx series aluminium alloy. The composite coatings were prepared in a Watts bath with the addition of fine-dispersed particles of Al2O3 powder introduced in an amount of 100 g/l using current densities of 2, 4, 6 and 8 A/dm2. The morphology, structure, thickness and microhardness of the obtained composite coatings were described. The volume fraction of Al2O3 particles in composite coating was determined. The corrosion resistance of thus produced coatings was examined. Based on the results of the conducted studies it was stated that all the produced coatings were characterised by good adhesion to the substrate, but coatings produced at high current densities were characterised by a lower content of the Al2O3 reinforcing phase present in the composite.
Aluminium Alloys with Zirconium Additions, in the Range from 0.05 To 0.32%, Intended for Applications in the Overhead Electrical Power Engineering
Authors: Knych T. , Piwowarska-Uliasz M. , Uliasz P. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The main scientific challenge of the study was the selection of the zirconium amount, which will allow achieving high electric and strength properties of the alloy. The analysis of chemical compositions of the thermal resistive, conducting AlZr alloys allowed to estimate the most advantageous amount of zirconium, which was found to be within the range: from 0.05 to 0.32 wt % of Zr. The main aim of the study was the investigation of electric properties of alloys of the selected chemical compositions, being within the above given range. The endeavours were focused on determining the heat treatment influence (artificial ageing) on the resistivity of the AlZr alloys in the cast form. On these bases the ranges of obtainable electrical properties were estimated for the investigated alloys, which enabled the selection of optimal conditions of the heat treatment.
Comparison of the Properties of Nickel Coatings Reinforced with Dispersion SiC Particles of Micrometric, Submicrometric and Nanometric Size Deposited on the 5xxx Series Aluminium Alloy
Authors: Najder A. , Nowak M. , Bigaj M. , Zelechowski J. , Opyrchał M. , Karas M. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
In this study, Ni-SiC composite coatings were electroplated on the 5xxx series aluminium alloy substrate. The effect of the quantity (25g/l i 50g/l) and the size (3μm, 0,41μm and 50nm) of SiC particles introduced into the bath as a dispersed phase on properties of the coatings was tested. The influence of these parameters on thickness, microhardness, surface structure, abrasion resistance and corrosion resistance of nickel composite coatings was determined.