bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complex Fluid Models of Mixed Quantum–Classical Dynamics
Authors: Gay-Balmaz François , Tronci Cesare 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSeveral methods in nonadiabatic molecular dynamics are based on Madelung’s hydrodynamic description of nuclear motion, while the electronic component is treated as a finite-dimensional quantum system. In this context, the quantum potential leads to severe computational challenges and one often seeks to neglect its contribution, thereby approximating nuclear motion as classical. The resulting model couples classical hydrodynamics for the nuclei to the quantum motion of the electronic component, leading to the structure of a complex fluid system. This type of mixed quantum–classical fluid models has also appeared in solvation dynamics to describe the coupling between liquid solvents and the quantum solute molecule. While these approaches represent a promising direction, their mathematical structure requires a certain care. In some cases, challenging higher-order gradients make these equations hardly tractable. In other cases, these models are based on phase-space formulations that suffer from well-known consistency issues. Here, we present a new complex fluid system that resolves these difficulties. Unlike common approaches, the current system is obtained by applying the fluid closure at the level of the action principle of the original phase-space model. As a result, the system inherits a Hamiltonian structure and retains energy/momentum balance. After discussing some of its structural properties and dynamical invariants, we illustrate the model in the case of pure-dephasing dynamics. We conclude by presenting some invariant planar models.
„Klick“-Phänomen beim erworbenen Jaensch-Brown-Syndrom und schnellenden Finger/Daumen: dem Notta-Syndrom
Authors: Mühlendyck Hermann 
Published: July 2024

Zusammenfassung
Krankheitsbild
Zu einem „Klick-Phänomen“ kommt es beim forcierten Überwinden einer erworbenen mechanischen Einschränkung der Hebung in Adduktion beim Auge bzw. Strecken des Fingers/Daumens bei der Hand. Die gemeinsame Ursache ist ein Knoten: Beim Auge hinter der Trochlea; der Hand vor dem Ringband A1. Wobei es zu dem „Klick“ über den gleichen Pathomechanismus kommt.

Ergebnisse
Aufgrund dieser identischen Befunde beim Auge und der Hand kann bei kleinen Kindern angenommen werden, dass die durch Studien bei der Hand bei Neugeborenen und kleinen Kindern mit einem „Trigger thumb/finger“ gewonnenen Erkenntnisse auch auf die Situation beim Auge zutreffen: 1. Im frühen Kindesalter kommt es zu dieser Motilitätsstörung nicht kongenital. Hierzu kommt es höchstwahrscheinlich durch bei der Geburt noch nicht voll entwickelte Gleitverhältnisse, die für eine glatte Passage der Sehne durch die Trochlea/das Ringband A1 erforderlich sind. 2. Bei dieser Motilitätsstörung muss zwischen den Stadien 0–3 unterschieden werden: Stadium 0 = keine Einschränkung der Motilität und kein „Klick-Phänomen“ mehr; Stadium 1 = forciert aktiv; Stadium 2 = nur passiv Strecken/Hebung möglich – mit jeweils einem „Klick-Phänomen“; Stadium 3 = kein Strecken/Hebung möglich und kein „Klick-Phänomen“. 3. Bei den meisten frühkindlichen Fällen kommt es ohne Therapie (75 % nach 6 bis 7 Jahren) zu einer spontanen vollständigen Rückbildung: Was beim Auge nur begrenzt durch Motilitätsübungen in Kombination mit einer Sektorokklusion verkürzt werden kann.

Schlussfolgerung
Das „Klick-Phänomen“ ist ein Symptom beim Stadium 1 und 2 der erworbenen mechanischen Einschränkung der Hebung in Adduktion bzw. Strecken des Fingers/Daumens. Es ist kein „Syndrom“, nach dem diese Motilitätsstörung bezeichnet werden kann.
A New Look at the Dirichlet Distribution: Robustness, Clustering, and Both Together
Authors: Tomarchio Salvatore D. , Punzo Antonio , Ferreira Johannes T. , Bekker Andriette 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCompositional data have peculiar characteristics that pose significant challenges to traditional statistical methods and models. Within this framework, we use a convenient mode parametrized Dirichlet distribution across multiple fields of statistics. In particular, we propose finite mixtures of unimodal Dirichlet (UD) distributions for model-based clustering and classification. Then, we introduce the contaminated UD (CUD) distribution, a heavy-tailed generalization of the UD distribution that allows for a more flexible tail behavior in the presence of atypical observations. Thirdly, we propose finite mixtures of CUD distributions to jointly account for the presence of clusters and atypical points in the data. Parameter estimation is carried out by directly maximizing the maximum likelihood or by using an expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm. Two analyses are conducted on simulated data to illustrate the effects of atypical observations on parameter estimation and data classification, and how our proposals address both aspects. Furthermore, two real datasets are investigated and the results obtained via our models are discussed.
Inference on Weibull inverted exponential distribution under progressive first-failure censoring with constant-stress partially accelerated life test
Authors: Fathi Abdullah , Farghal Al-Wageh A. , Soliman Ahmed A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAccelerated life tests (ALTs) play a pivotal role in life testing experiments as they significantly reduce costs and testing time. Hence, this paper investigates the statistical inference issue for the Weibull inverted exponential distribution (WIED) under the progressive first-failure censoring (PFFC) data with the constant-stress partially ALT (CSPALT) under progressive first-failure censoring (PFFC) data for Weibull inverted exponential distribution (WIED). For classical inference, maximum likelihood (ML) estimates for both the parameters and the acceleration factor are derived. Making use of the Fisher information matrix (FIM), asymptotic confidence intervals (ACIs) are constructed for all parameters. Besides, two parametric bootstrap techniques are implemented. For Bayesian inference based on a proposed technique for eliciting the hyperparameters, the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) technique is provided to acquire Bayesian estimates. In this context, the Bayesian estimates are obtained under symmetric and asymmetric loss functions, and the corresponding credible intervals (CRIs) are constructed. A simulation study is carried out to assay the performance of the ML, bootstrap, and Bayesian estimates, as well as to compare the performance of the corresponding confidence intervals (CIs). Finally, real-life engineering data is analyzed for illustrative purposes.
Deal.t: an implementation of multivariate analysis suitable T-splines within the deal.ii framework
Authors: Beuchler Sven , Hiniborch Robin , Morgenstern Philipp 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe present a numerical framework for solving partial differential equations within an isogeometric context using T-splines in two and three space dimensions. Within this paper, we explain the data structures used for the implementation of ( with T-splines) and main differences when using in contrast to . The authors present numerical experiments with error-based refinement (2D) and a priori refinement (3D) for scalar-valued problems. A full tutorial is given in the appendix. Since the new framework is based on , T-splines may be applied to various different PDEs.
Measurement of energy availability in highly trained male endurance athletes and examination of its associations with bone health and endocrine function
Authors: McGuire Amy , Warrington Giles , Walsh Adam , Byrne Thomas , Doyle Lorna 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Despite the introduction of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-s) in 2014, there is evidence to suggest that male endurance athletes still present with a high prevalence of low energy availability (LEA). Previous findings suggest that energy availability (EA) status is strongly correlated with impairments in endocrine function such as reduced leptin, triiodothyronine (T3), and insulin, and elevated bone loss. This study aimed to report the current EA status, endocrine function and bone health of highly trained Irish male endurance athletes.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, participants (n = 3 triathletes; n = 10 runners) completed a 7-day testing period during the competition season using lab-based measures, to ascertain EA status, hormone level and rates of bone metabolism. Serum blood samples were obtained to assess hormone levels and markers of bone metabolism.

Results
Mean EA was < 30 kcal/kg lean body mass (LBM)/day in 76.9% of athletes. There was a strong association between LEA and low carbohydrate intake, and lower LBM. Mean levels of insulin, IGF-1 and leptin were significantly lower than their reference ranges. Elevated mean concentrations of β-CTX and a mean P1NP: β-CTX ratio < 100, indicated a state of bone resorption.

Conclusion
The EA level, carbohydrate intake, hormone status and bone metabolism status of highly trained male endurance athletes are a concern. Based on the findings of this study, more frequent assessment of EA across a season is recommended to monitor the status of male endurance athletes, in conjunction with nutritional education specific to EA and the associated risks.
Nusinersen effectiveness and safety in pediatric patients with 5q-spinal muscular atrophy: a multi-center disease registry in China
Authors: Yao Xiaoli , Peng Jing , Luo Rong , Wang Xiuxia , Lu Xinguo , Wu Liwen , Jin Ruifeng , Zhong Jianmin , Liang Jianmin , Hong Siqi , Yang Lin , Zhang Xiaoli , Mao Shanshan , Hu Jun , Tao Zhe , Sun Dan , Wang Hua , Zhang Li , Xia Yanyan , Chen Ken , Wang Yi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Objective
To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of nusinersen for the treatment of 5q-spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) among Chinese pediatric patients.

Methods
Using a longitudinal, multi-center registry, both prospective and retrospective data were collected from pediatric patients with 5q-SMA receiving nusinersen treatment across 18 centers in China. All patients fulfilling the eligibility criteria were included consecutively. Motor function outcomes were assessed post-treatment by SMA type. Safety profile was evaluated among patients starting nusinersen treatment post-enrollment. Descriptive analyses were used to report baseline characteristics, effectiveness, and safety results.

Results
As of March 2nd, 2023, 385 patients were included. Most patients demonstrated improvements or stability in motor function across all SMA types. Type II patients demonstrated mean changes [95% confidence interval (CI)] of 4.4 (3.4–5.4) and 4.1 (2.8–5.4) in Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale-Expanded (HFMSE), and 2.4 (1.7–3.1) and 2.3 (1.2–3.4) in Revised Upper Limb Module (RULM) scores at months 6 and 10. Type III patients exhibited mean changes (95% CI) of 3.9 (2.5–5.3) and 4.3 (2.6–6.0) in HFMSE, and 2.1 (1.2–3.0) and 1.5 (0.0–3.0) in RULM scores at months 6 and 10. Of the 132 patients, 62.9% experienced adverse events (AEs). Two patients experienced mild AEs (aseptic meningitis and myalgia) considered to be related to nusinersen by the investigator, with no sequelae.

Conclusions
These data underscore the significance of nusinersen in Chinese pediatric patients with SMA regarding motor function improvement or stability, and support recommendations on nusinersen treatment by Chinese SMA guidelines and continuous coverage of nusinersen by basic medical insurance.
External validation of clinical risk prediction score for elderly treated with endovascular thrombectomy
Authors: Enriquez Brian Anthony B. , Skattør Thor Håkon , Laugesen Nicolaj Grønbæk , Truelsen Thomas , Lund Christian Georg , Nome Terje , Beyer Mona K. , Skjelland Mona , Aamodt Anne Hege 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background and aim
The thrombectomy in the elderly prediction score (TERPS) for functional outcome after anterior circulation endovascular therapy (EVT) in patients ≥ 80 years was recently developed. The aim of this study was to assess predictors of functional outcome in the elderly and validate the prediction model.

Methods
Consecutive patients treated with EVT from the Oslo Acute Reperfusion Stroke Study were evaluated for inclusion. Clinical and radiological parameters were used to calculate the TERPS, and functional outcome were assessed at 3-month follow-up.

Results
Out of 1028 patients who underwent EVT for acute ischemic stroke from January 2017 to July 2022, 218 (21.2%) patients ≥ 80 years with anterior ischemic stroke were included. Fair outcome, defined as modified Rankin scale ≤ 3 (mRS), was achieved in 117 (53.7%). In bivariate analyses, male sex (p 0.035), age (p 0.025), baseline National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS, p < 0.001), pre-stroke mRS (p 0.002) and Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography score (ASPECTS, p 0.001) were associated with fair outcome. Significant predictors for fair outcome in regression analyses were lower pre-stroke mRS, adjusted odd ratio, (aOR) 0.67 (95% CI 0.50–0.91, p 0.01), NIHSS, aOR 0.92 (95% CI 0.87–0.97, p 0.002), and higher ASPECTS, aOR 1.22 (95% CI 1.03–1.44, p 0.023). The area under the curve (AUC) using TERPS was 0.74 (95% CI 0.67–0.80).

Conclusions
The risk prediction score TERPS showed moderate performance in this external validation. Other variables may still be included to improve the model and validation using other cohorts is recommended.

Trial registration
NCT06220981.
Impact of heat waves on human morbidity and hospital admissions in a city of the western mediterranean area
Authors: Bujosa Mateu Adrián , Alegre Latorre Luis , Comas María Villalonga , Salom Jaume , García Gasalla Mercedes , Planas Bibiloni Lluis , Orfila Timoner Jaime , Murillas Angoiti Javier 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The effect of heat waves on mortality is well known, but current evidence on morbidity is limited. Establishing the consequences of these events in terms of morbidity is important to ensure communities and health systems can adapt to them.

Methods
We thus collected data on total daily emergency hospital admissions, admissions to critical care units, emergency department admissions, and emergency admissions for specific diagnoses to Hospital Universitario de Son Espases from 1 January 2005 to 31 December 2021. A heat wave was defined as a period of ≥ 2 days with a maximum temperature ≥ 35 °C, including a 7 day lag effect (inclusive). We used a quasi-Poisson generalized linear model to estimate relative risks (RRs; 95%CI) for heat wave-related hospital admissions.

Results
Results showed statistically significant increases in total emergency admissions (RR 1.06; 95%CI 1 – 1.12), emergency department admissions (RR 1.12; 95%CI 1.07 – 1.18), and admissions for ischemic stroke (RR 1.26; 95%CI 1.02 – 1.54), acute kidney injury (RR 1.67; 95%CI 1.16 – 2.35), and heat stroke (RR 18.73, 95%CI 6.48 – 45.83) during heat waves.

Conclusion
Heat waves increase hospitalization risk, primarily for thromboembolic and renal diseases and heat strokes.
The diagnostic and prognostic role of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in glucose transporter 1 deficiency: a systematic review
Authors: Mastrangelo Mario , Manti Filippo , Ricciardi Giacomina , Cinnante Elisa Maria Colacino , Cameli Noemi , Beatrice Annachiara , Tolve Manuela , Pisani Francesco 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to investigate the diagnostic and prognostic role of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers in the diagnostic work-up of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) deficiency. Reported here is a systematic review according to PRISMA guidelines collecting clinical and biochemical data about all published patients who underwent CSF analysis. Clinical phenotypes were compared between groups defined by the levels of CSF glucose (≤ 2.2 mmol/L versus > 2.2 mmol/L), CSF/blood glucose ratio (≤ 0.45 versus > 0.45), and CSF lactate (≤ 1 mmol/L versus > 1 mmol/L). Five hundred sixty-two patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria with a mean age at the diagnosis of 8.6 ± 6.7 years. Patients with CSF glucose ≤ 2.2 mmol/L and CSF/blood glucose ratio ≤ 0.45 presented with an earlier onset of symptoms (16.4 ± 22.0 versus 54.4 ± 45.9 months, p < 0.01; 15.7 ± 23.8 versus 40.9 ± 38.0 months, p < 0.01) and received an earlier molecular genetic confirmation (92.1 ± 72.8 versus 157.1 ± 106.2 months, p < 0.01). CSF glucose ≤ 2.2 mmol/L was consistently associated with response to ketogenic diet (p = 0.018) and antiseizure medications (p = 0.025). CSF/blood glucose ratio ≤ 0.45 was significantly associated with absence seizures (p = 0.048), paroxysmal exercise‐induced dyskinesia (p = 0.046), and intellectual disability (p = 0.016) while CSF lactate > 1 mmol/L was associated with a response to antiseizure medications (p = 0.026) but not to ketogenic diet.Conclusions:This systematic review supported the diagnostic usefulness of lumbar puncture for the early identification of patients with GLUT1 deficiency responsive to treatments especially if they present with co-occurring epilepsy, movement, and neurodevelopmental disorders.

What is Known:

• Phenotypes of GLUT1 deficiency syndrome range between early epileptic and developmental encephalopathy to paroxysmal movement disorders and developmental impairment

What is New:

• CSF blood/glucose ratio may predict better than CSF glucose the diagnosis in children presenting with early onset absences

• CSF blood/glucose ratio may predict better than CSF glucose the diagnosis in children presenting with paroxysmal exercise induced dyskinesia and intellectual disability.

• CSF glucose may predict better than CSF blood/glucose and lactate the response to ketogenic diet and antiseizure medications.
Spatial distribution, pollution level and human health risk assessment of heavy metals in urban street dust at neighbourhood scale
Authors: Isinkaralar Oznur , Isinkaralar Kaan , Nguyen Tuyet Nam Thi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUrban street dust (UStD) is a vital issue for human health and is crucial for urban sustainability. This study aims to enhance the creation of safe, affordable, and resilient cities by examining environmental contamination and health risks in urban residential areas. Specifically, it investigates the concentrations and spatial distribution of chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in UStD in Yenimahalle, Ankara. The mean concentrations of Zn, Cr, Pb, Cd, Ni, and Cu in UStD were 97.98, 66.88, 55.22, 52.45, 38.37, and 3.81 mg/kg, respectively. The geoaccumulation pollution index (Igeo) values for these elements were: Cd (5.12), Ni (1.61), Cr (1.21), Pb (1.13), Cu (0.78), and Zn (0.24). These indices indicate that the area is moderately polluted with Cr, Pb, and Ni, uncontaminated to moderately contaminated with Cu and Zn, and extremely polluted with Cd. The hazard index (HI) values for Cr, Cd, Ni, Cu, Pb, and Zn were below the non-carcinogenic risk threshold for adults, indicating no significant risk. However, for children, the HI values for Pb, Ni, Cd, and Zn were 3.37, 1.80, 1.25, and 1.25, respectively, suggesting a higher risk. Carcinogenic risk (RI) of Cd, Ni, and Pb was significant for both children and adults, indicating that exposure through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact is hazardous. The findings highlight the need for strategic mitigation measures for both natural and anthropogenic activities, providing essential insights for residents, policymakers, stakeholders, and urban planners.
The impact of continuous lenalidomide maintenance treatment on people living with multiple myeloma—a single-centre, qualitative service evaluation study
Authors: Buck Caroline , Brenes Castillo Francisco , Bettio Elena , Land Joanne , McCourt Orla , Poole Helen , Tarling Rachel , Yong Kwee , Popat Rakesh , Lee Lydia , McMillan Annabel , Papanikolaou Xenofon , Xu Ke , Kyriakou Chara , Rabin Neil , Wechalekar Ashu , Fisher Abigail , Sive Jonathan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Continuous lenalidomide maintenance treatment after autologous stem cell transplantation delivers improvement in progression free and overall survival among newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients and has been the standard of care in the UK since March 2021. However, there is scant information about its impact on patients’ day-to-day lives. This service evaluation aimed to qualitatively assess patients receiving lenalidomide treatment at a cancer centre in London, in order that the service might better align with needs and expectations of patients.

Methods
We conducted 20 semi-structured interviews among myeloma patients who were on continuous lenalidomide maintenance treatment at a specialist cancer centre in London. Members of the clinical team identified potentially eligible participants to take part, and convenience sampling was used to select 10 male and 10 female patients, median age of 58 (range, 45–71). The median treatment duration was 11 months (range, 1–60 months). Participants were qualitatively interviewed following the same semi-structured interview guide, which was designed to explore patient experience and insights of lenalidomide. Reflexive thematic analysis was used for data analysis.

Results
Four overarching themes were as follows: (i) lenalidomide: understanding its role and rationale; (ii) reframing the loss of a treatment-free period to a return to normal life; (iii) the reality of being on lenalidomide: balancing hopes with hurdles; (iv) gratitude and grievances: exploring mixed perceptions of care and communication. Results will be used to enhance clinical services by tailoring communication to better meet patients’ preferences when making treatment decisions.

Conclusion
This study highlights that most patients feel gratitude for being offered continuous lenalidomide and perceive it as alleviating some fears concerning relapse. It reveals variations in side effects in different age groups; younger patients reported no/negligible side effects, whilst several older patients with comorbidities described significant symptom burden, occasionally leading to treatment discontinuation which caused distress at the perceived loss of prolonged remission. Future research should prioritise understanding the unique needs of younger patients living with multiple myeloma.