bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence for a transgressive barrier within a regressive strandplain system: Implications for complex coastal response to environmental change
Authors: HEIN CHRISTOPHER J. , FitzGERALD DUNCAN M. , CLEARY WILLIAM J. , ALBERNAZ MARCIO B. , De MENEZES JOAO THADEU , KLEIN ANTONIO H. da F. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractClastic, depositional strandplain systems have the potential to record changes in the primary drivers of coastal evolution: climate, sea‐level, and the frequency of major meteorological and oceanographic events. This study seeks to use one such record from a southern Brazilian strandplain to highlight the potentially‐complex nature of coastal sedimentological response to small changes in these drivers. Following a 2 to 4 m highstand at ca 5·8 ka in southern Brazil, falling sea‐level reworked shelf sediment onshore, forcing coastal progradation, smoothing the irregular coastline and forming the 5 km wide Pinheira Strandplain, composed of ca 500 successive beach and dune ridges. Sediment cores, grab samples and >11 km of ground‐penetrating radar profiles reveal that the strandplain sequence is composed of well‐sorted, fine to very‐fine quartz sand. Since the mid‐Holocene highstand, the shoreline prograded at a rate of ca 1 to 2 m yr−1 through the deposition of a 4 to 6 m thick shoreface unit; a 1 to 3 m thick foreshore unit containing ubiquitous ridge and runnel facies; and an uppermost beach and foredune unit. However, the discovery of a linear, 100 m wide barrier ridge with associated washover units, a 3 to 4 m deep lagoon and 250 m wide tidal inlet within the strandplain sequence reveals a period of shoreline transgression at 3·3 to 2·8 ka during the otherwise regressive developmental history of the plain. The protected nature of Pinheira largely buffered it from changes in precipitation patterns, wave energy and fluvial sediment supply during the time of its formation. However, multiple lines of evidence indicate that a change in the rate of relative sea‐level fall, probably due to either steric or ice‐volume effects, may have affected this coastline. Thus, whereas these other potential drivers cannot be fully discounted, this study provides insights into the complexity of decadal‐scale to millennial‐scale coastal response to likely variability in sea‐level change rates.
Perceived stress and risk of adult‐onset asthma and other atopic disorders: a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Rod N. H. , Kristensen T. S. , Lange P. , Prescott E. , Diderichsen F. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundPsychological stress can affect airway inflammatory response to irritants and allergens, but the importance of stress in the etiology of adult‐onset respiratory and dermatologic allergic disorders remains unclear. We aim to address the relationship between perceived stress and the risk of adult‐onset asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and asthma/bronchitis medication.MethodsParticipants (n = 9785) from the Copenhagen City Heart Study, Denmark, free of atopic disorders at baseline in 1981–1983 were asked questions on stress intensity and frequency. They were followed for first‐time asthma hospitalization in nationwide registers until 2010, with < 0.1% loss to follow‐up. Objective measures of lung function allowed for thorough adjustment for confounding and prevented ambiguity between diagnosis of asthma and chronic obstructive lung disease. Daily intake of asthma/bronchitis medication and incidence of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis were assessed by self‐report after 10 years of follow‐up in 5648 persons.ResultsPerceived stress was associated with atopic disorders in a dose‐dependent manner (Ptrend < 0.001). High vs low stress was associated with higher risk of self‐reported asthma incidence (OR = 2.32; 95% CI: 1.47–3.65), daily intake of asthma/bronchitis medication (OR = 2.26; 95% CI: 1.42–3.58), first‐time asthma hospitalization (HR = 2.01; 95% CI: 1.41–2.86), allergic rhinitis (OR = 1.64; 95% CI: 0.99–2.72), and atopic dermatitis (OR = 1.75; 95% CI: 1.11–2.77). The associations were similar for smokers and nonsmokers.ConclusionsStress is strongly associated with asthma incidence and hospitalization, use of asthma medication as well as with allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis in adults.
Polymorphisms in the promoter of the CD14 gene and their associations with susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Xue Y. , Zhao Z. Q. , Chen F. , Zhang L. , Li G. D. , Ma K. W. , Bai X. F. , Zuo Y. J. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAlthough the role of CD14 in recognizing Mycobacterium tuberculosis is well‐understood, the possible role of polymorphisms in susceptibility to develop tuberculosis remains unclear. This study evaluates whether there is an association of polymorphisms within the promoter of the CD14 gene with susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis. In a case–control study, we genotyped the eight known single nucleotide polymorphisms SNPs within the promoter of the CD14 gene of 698 Han Chinese subjects. Statistically significant differences between tuberculosis patients and healthy controls were found for G‐1619A, T‐1359G, A‐1145G, and C‐159T. The haplotype‐GGGT, composed of these four SNPs, exhibited a significant association with the disease. Furthermore, expression levels of soluble CD14 were significantly higher in tuberculosis patients with the GGGT haplotype than with other haplotypes, while IgE expression levels were significantly reduced. Our results suggest that these four SNPs within the promoter of the CD14 gene are associated with susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis.
Volumetric reductions in the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex in adolescents with bipolar I disorder
Authors: Singh Manpreet K , Chang Kiki D , Chen Michael C , Kelley Ryan G , Garrett Amy , Mitsunaga Myles M , Bararpour Layla , Howe Meghan , Reiss Allan L , Gotlib Ian H 
Published: September 2012

Singh MK, Chang KD, Chen MC, Kelley RG, Garrett A, Mitsunaga MM, Bararpour L, Howe M, Reiss AL, Gotlib IH. Volumetric reductions in the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex in adolescents with bipolar I disorder.  Bipolar Disord 2012: 14: 585–596. © 2012 The Authors.  Journal compilation © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objectives:  A range of prefrontal and subcortical volumetric abnormalities have been found in adults and adolescents with bipolar disorder. It is unclear, however, if these deficits are present early in the onset of mania or are a consequence of multiple mood episodes or prolonged exposure to medication. The goal of this study was to examine whether youth with bipolar I disorder who recently experienced their first episode of mania are characterized by brain volumetric abnormalities.Methods:  Anatomical images from magnetic resonance imaging of 26 13‐ to 18‐year‐old adolescents with bipolar I disorder and 24 age‐comparable healthy controls with no personal or family history of psychopathology were analyzed using whole‐brain voxel‐based morphometry (VBM).Results:  Compared with healthy controls, adolescents with bipolar I disorder had significantly less gray matter volume in the left subgenual cingulate cortex [p < 0.05, family‐wise error (FWE)‐corrected].Conclusions:  Adolescents with a recent single episode of mania have smaller subgenual cingulate cortex volume than do their healthy counterparts, suggesting that this anomaly occurs early in the onset of, or may predate the disorder. Longitudinal studies are needed to examine the impact of this volumetric reduction on the course and outcome of this disorder.
Sleep apnea risk and clinical correlates in patients with bipolar disorder
Authors: Soreca Isabella , Levenson Jessica , Lotz Meredith , Frank Ellen , Kupfer David J 
Published: September 2012

Soreca I, Levenson J, Lotz M, Frank E, Kupfer DJ. Sleep apnea risk and clinical correlates in patients with bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2012: 14: 672–676. © 2012 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objective:  Despite the high prevalence of risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) among individuals with bipolar disorder, the presence of sleep‐disordered breathing has not been systematically assessed in this population. In this study, we sought to determine the level of risk for OSA in a population of remitted individuals with a diagnosis of bipolar I disorder.Methods:  A total of 72 individuals with a diagnosis of bipolar I disorder, all of whom were overweight by the World Health Organization criteria, completed the Berlin Questionnaire, a self‐assessment tool to establish risk for OSA.Results:  Over half of this study population (54.1%) was found to be in the high‐risk category for OSA. Participants at high risk for OSA scored significantly higher on measures of both depression and mania, even when sleep items were not counted in the total scores.Conclusions:  Sleep apnea may be prevalent in patients with bipolar I disorder. Considering the substantial overlap of symptoms between OSA and depression and the potentially harmful effects of sleep disruption in patients with mood disorders, a systematic screening to assess prevalence and associated features of OSA in patients with bipolar disorder is warranted.
Nicotine intake and smoking topography in smokers with bipolar disorder
Authors: Williams Jill M , Gandhi Kunal K , Lu Shou‐En , Steinberg Marc L , Benowitz Neal L 
Published: September 2012

Williams JM, Gandhi KK, Lu S‐E, Steinberg ML, Benowitz NL. Nicotine intake and smoking topography in smokers with bipolar disorder.Bipolar Disord 2012: 14: 618–627. © 2012 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objectives:  Cigarette smoking behavior in bipolar disorder (BPD), including the effects of mood‐stabilizing medications, has not been well characterized.Methods:  We compared serum nicotine, nicotine metabolite levels, and smoking topography in 75 smokers with BPD to 86 control smokers (CON). For some comparisons, an additional control group of 75 smokers with schizophrenia (SCZ) were included.Results:  There were no differences between the BPD and CON groups in baseline smoking characteristics or serum nicotine or cotinine levels. Fifty‐one smokers with BPD (68.9%) were taking one of the following mood stabilizers: valproic acid, lamotrigine, carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, lithium, or topiramate. The 3‐hydroxycotinine‐to‐cotinine ratio, a marker of cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) metabolic activity, was significantly higher in BPD versus CON and versus SCZ (0.68 versus 0.49 versus 0.54; p = 0.002). The difference between groups, however, was no longer significant when the analysis was repeated with those taking hepatic enzyme‐inducing drugs (carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, and topiramate) included as a covariate. The time between puffs, or interpuff interval (IPI), was shorter in BPD versus CON by an average of 3.0 sec (p < 0.05), although this was no longer significant when we removed smokers from the analysis of those taking hepatic enzyme inducers.Conclusions:  Smokers with BPD are not different from CON on most measures of nicotine intake and smoking topography. We found an increased rate of nicotine metabolism in smokers taking mood stabilizers that are hepatic enzyme inducers, including carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, and topiramate. Smokers with rapid nicotine metabolism might be expected to smoke more intensely to compensate for the more rapid disappearance of nicotine from the blood and brain, and may have more difficulty in quitting smoking, although this requires further study.
Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence: Feral pigs as vectors of soil‐borne pathogens
Authors: KRULL CHERYL R. , WAIPARA NICK W. , CHOQUENOT DAVID , BURNS BRUCE R. , GORMLEY ANDREW M. , STANLEY MARGARET C. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractInvasive soil‐borne pathogens are a major threat to forest ecosystems worldwide. The newly discovered soil pathogen, Phytophthora ‘taxon Agathis’ (PTA), is a serious threat to endemic kauri (Agathis australis: Araucariaceae) in New Zealand. This study examined the potential for feral pigs to act as vectors of PTA. We investigated whether snouts and trotters of feral pigs carry soil contaminated with PTA, and using these results determined the probability that feral pigs act as a vector. We screened the soil on trotters and snouts from 457 pigs for PTA using various baiting techniques and molecular testing. This study detected 19 species of plant pathogens in the soil on pig trotters and snouts, including a different Phytophthora species (Phytophthora cinnamomi). However, no PTA was isolated from the samples. A positive control experiment showed a test sensitivity of 0–3% for the baiting methods and the data obtained were used in a Bayesian probability modelling approach. This showed a posterior probability of 35–90% (dependent on test sensitivity scores and design prevalence) that pigs do vector PTA and estimated that a sample size of over 1000 trotters would be required to prove a negative result. We conclude that feral pigs cannot be ruled out as a vector of soil‐based plant pathogens and that there is still a high probability that feral pigs do vector PTA, despite our negative results. We also highlight the need to develop a more sensitive test for PTA in small soil samples associated with pigs due to unreliable detection rates using the current method.
Autonomic and emotional responses of graduate student clinicians in speech–language pathology to stuttered speech
Authors: Guntupalli Vijaya K. , Nanjundeswaran Chayadevie , Dayalu Vikram N. , Kalinowski Joseph 
Published: September 2012

Abstract Background: Fluent speakers and people who stutter manifest alterations in autonomic and emotional responses as they view stuttered relative to fluent speech samples. These reactions are indicative of an aroused autonomic state and are hypothesized to be triggered by the abrupt breakdown in fluency exemplified in stuttered speech. Furthermore, these reactions are assumed to be the basis for the stereotypes held by different communicative partners towards people who stutter.Aims: To examine the autonomic and emotional reactions of graduate student clinicians in speech–language pathology as they viewed fluent and severe stuttered speech samples.Methods & Procedures: Twenty‐one female graduate student clinicians in speech–language pathology participated in this study. Each participant viewed four 30‐s video samples (two fluent and two stuttered speech samples) while their autonomic responses (skin conductance response (SCR) and heart rate (HR)) were concurrently captured. Furthermore, emotional responses to stuttered and fluent speech samples were captured using the self‐assessment manikin (SAM) and a rating scale with nine bipolar adjectives reflecting one's feelings.Outcomes & Results: An increase in SCR and deceleration in HR was observed as graduate clinicians viewed stuttered speech samples versus fluent speech samples and the differences were statistically significant. In addition, results from the self‐rating scales showed that participants had negative feelings (e.g., emotionally aroused, unpleasant, embarrassed, uncomfortable, etc.) while viewing stuttered speech.Conclusions & Implications: Findings suggest that graduate student clinicians in speech–language pathology demonstrated altered autonomic and emotional responses similar to those manifested by fluent and stuttered speakers as they viewed stuttered speech samples. Collectively, these findings support the contention that the inherent nature of stuttered speech triggers a visceral reaction in a listener, irrespective of their background and knowledge about the disorder.
Enablers and challenges of post‐16 education and employment outcomes: the perspectives of young adults with a history of SLI
Authors: Carroll Catherine , Dockrell Julie 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackground: Research studies have begun to investigate the post‐16 outcomes for young adults with a specific language impairment (SLI). As yet only tentative conclusions can be drawn with respect to academic and employment outcomes and the factors that are associated with more positive outcomes. Evidence for these findings has relied predominantly on associations between various language, academic and psychosocial assessments. Little attention has been paid to the perspective of the young person.Aims: To investigate from the perspective of a group of young people with a history of SLI the factors they believed have enabled and presented a challenge to their post‐16 education and employment outcomes and experiences.Methods & Procedures: Nineteen (four female, 15 male) young people aged from 19 to 23 years (average age 21 years), who had all attended the same residential special school for pupils with SLI, were interviewed face to face to explore their views as to what had enabled and limited their transition experiences to date. The data were analysed using thematic analysis.Outcomes & Results: The majority of the young people saw themselves as key agents of change and very active participants in steering their own transition since leaving school. They acknowledged the important role played by their parents and families and how factors such as SLI had affected their transition experiences.Conclusions & Implications: The study supports evidence from research with different groups of young people with special educational needs (SEN) and disabilities of the importance of school and post‐16 curriculums which develop agency on behalf of the young person.
Using principles of learning to inform language therapy design for children with specific language impairment
Authors: Alt Mary , Meyers Christina , Ancharski Alexandra 
Published: September 2012

Abstract Background: Language treatment for children with specific language impairment (SLI) often takes months to achieve moderate results. Interventions often do not incorporate the principles that are known to affect learning in unimpaired learners.Aims: To outline some key findings about learning in typical populations and to suggest a model of how they might be applied to language treatment design as a catalyst for further research and discussion.Methods & Procedures: Three main principles of implicit learning are reviewed: variability, complexity and sleep‐dependent consolidation. After explaining these principles, evidence is provided as to how they influence learning tasks in unimpaired learners. Information is reviewed on principles of learning as they apply to impaired populations, current treatment designs are also reviewed that conform to the principles, and ways in which principles of learning might be incorporated into language treatment design are demonstrated.Main Contribution: This paper provides an outline for how theoretical knowledge might be applied to clinical practice in an effort to promote discussion.Conclusions & Implications: Although the authors look forward to more specific details on how the principles of learning relate to impaired populations, there is ample evidence to suggest that these principles should be considered during treatment design.
Trigeminal interpolaris/caudalis transition neurons mediate reflex lacrimation evoked by bright light in the rat
Authors: Okamoto Keiichiro , Tashiro Akimasa , Thompson Randall , Nishida Yasuhiro , Bereiter David A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAbnormal sensitivity to bright light can cause discomfort or pain and evoke protective reflexes such as lacrimation. Although the trigeminal nerve is probably involved, the mechanism linking luminance to somatic sensory nerve activity remains uncertain. This study determined the effect of bright light on second‐order ocular neurons at the ventral trigeminal interpolaris/caudalis transition (Vi/Vc) region, a major termination zone for trigeminal sensory fibers that innervate the eye. Most Vi/Vc neurons (80.9%) identified by responses to mechanical stimulation of the ocular surface also encoded bright light intensity. Light‐evoked neural activity displayed a long latency to activation (> 10 s) and required transmission through the trigeminal root ganglion. Light‐evoked neural activity was inhibited by intravitreal injection of phenylephrine or l‐NG‐nitro‐arginine methyl ester (L‐NAME), suggesting a mechanism coupled to vascular events within the eye. Laser Doppler flowmetry revealed rapid light‐evoked increases in ocular blood flow that occurred prior to the increase in Vi/Vc neural activity. Synaptic blockade of the Vi/Vc region by cobalt chloride prevented light‐evoked increases in tear volume, whereas blockade at the more caudal spinomedullary junction (Vc/C1) had no effect. In summary, Vi/Vc neurons encoded bright light intensity and were inhibited by drugs that alter blood flow to the eye. These results support the hypothesis that light‐responsive neurons at the Vi/Vc transition region are critical for ocular‐specific functions such as reflex lacrimation, whereas neurons at the caudal Vc/C1 junction region probably serve other aspects of ocular nociception.
Interactions among shrub cover and the soil microclimate may determine future Arctic carbon budgets
Authors: Cahoon Sean M. P. , Sullivan Patrick F. , Shaver Gaius R. , Welker Jeffrey M. , Post Eric 
Published: September 2012

AbstractArctic and Boreal terrestrial ecosystems are important components of the climate system because they contain vast amounts of soil carbon (C). Evidence suggests that deciduous shrubs are increasing in abundance, but the implications for ecosystem C budgets remain uncertain. Using midsummer CO2 flux data from 21 sites spanning 16° of latitude in the Arctic and Boreal biomes, we show that air temperature explains c. one‐half of the variation in ecosystem respiration (ER) and that ER drives the pattern in net ecosystem CO2 exchange across ecosystems. Woody sites were slightly stronger C sinks compared with herbaceous communities. However, woody sites with warm soils (> 10 °C) were net sources of CO2, whereas woody sites with cold soils (< 10 °C) were strong sinks. Our results indicate that transition to a shrub‐dominated Arctic will increase the rate of C cycling, and may lead to net C loss if soil temperatures rise.
Out of the Bassian province: historical biogeography of the Australasian platycercine parrots (Aves, Psittaciformes)
Authors: SCHWEIZER MANUEL , GÜNTERT MARCEL , HERTWIG STEFAN T. 
Published: September 2012

Schweizer, M., Güntert, M. & Hertwig, S. T. (2012). Out of the Bassian province: historical biogeography of the Australasian platycercine parrots (Aves, Psittaciformes). —Zoologica Scripta,42, 13–27.Aridification from mid‐Miocene onwards led to a fragmentation of mesic biomes in Australia and an expansion of arid habitats. This influenced the diversification of terrestrial organisms, and the general direction of their radiations is supposed to have been from mesic into drier habitats. We tested this hypothesis in the platycercine parrots that occur in different habitats in Australia and also colonized Pacific islands. We inferred their temporal and spatial diversification patterns using a Bayesian relaxed molecular clock approach based on three nuclear and two mitochondrial genes and model‐based biogeographic reconstructions. The Bassian biota was found to be the centre of origin of platycercine parrots and diversification within two of their three clades coincided with the beginning of aridification of Australia. The associated habitat changes may have catalysed their radiation through adaptation to arid environments and vicariance because of the fragmentation of non‐arid habitats. The small oceanic islands of Melanesia contributed as stepping stones for the colonization of New Zealand from Australia.