bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phytochemicals and biofunctional properties of buckwheat: a review
Authors: AHMED A. , KHALID N. , AHMAD A. , ABBASI N. A. , LATIF M. S. Z. , RANDHAWA M. A. 
Published: March 2013

SUMMARYA growing trend for nutraceutical and gluten-free cereal-based products highlights the need for development of new products. Buckwheat is one of the potential candidates for such products and the present paper reviews the functional and nutraceutical compounds present in common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) and tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum). The vital functional substances in buckwheat are flavonoids, phytosterols, fagopyrins, fagopyritols, phenolic compounds, resistant starch, dietary fibre, lignans, vitamins, minerals and antioxidants, which make it a highly active biological pseudocereal. Cholesterol-lowering effects that lessen the problems of constipation and obesity are important health benefits that can be achieved through the functional substances of buckwheat.
VARIATION IN HEIGHT AND BMI OF ADULT INDIANS
Authors: SOM SUPARNA , ULIJASZEK STANLEY , PAL MANORANJAN , BHARATI SUSMITA , BHARATI PREMANANDA 
Published: March 2013

SummaryIt is well known that height and weight are interrelated, and that both are related to socioeconomic variables. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of socioeconomic variables on the heights and weights of different groups of people, formed according to different levels of heights and weights, and to see whether there are sex differences in the variations in heights and weights. Data for adults aged 15–49 years were taken from the India National Family Health Survey-3 and descriptive studies and multiple linear regression analyses carried out. A clear positive association was found for height and BMI with economic level (except for overweight females in the case of BMI). In the case of BMI, it is age that seems to be the most influential factor. Surprisingly, the observed changes in height and BMI are not as expected for short and tall or underweight and overweight people; these sometimes behave in the opposite directions to that of normal height and weight people. The basic assumption of multivariate normality is not valid due to changing relations at different height and BMI levels.
Thyroid involvement by laryngeal cancer among Iranian patients
Authors: Naghibzadeh B , Razmpa E , Amiri N , Naghibzadeh GH , Bandarian F 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjective:Asian patients with laryngeal cancer have been reported to have a high prevalence of thyroid involvement. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of thyroid invasion in Iranian patients with laryngeal cancer.Methods:Hospital records for all patients with a definite diagnosis of laryngeal cancer between 1996 and 2009 (351 patients) were reviewed, and the prevalence of thyroid invasion was established based on the pathology report at the time of surgery.Results:Thyroid invasion was found in 16 patients (4.55 percent), and was limited to one thyroid lobe in two-thirds of cases. All instances of thyroid invasion occurred in patients with stage III (81.25 percent) or IV (18.75 percent) cancer. No case of metastasis was reported. The glottic region was identified as the tumour origin in most cases of thyroid invasion (56.25 percent).Conclusion:Most cases of thyroid invasion by laryngeal cancer occurred in cancer stage III, at grades G1 and G2, among male patients, and arose from tumours of the glottic region.
Use of clomipramine as chemotherapy of the chronic phase of Chagas disease
Authors: FAURO ROMINA , PRESTI SILVINA LO , BAZAN CAROLINA , BAEZ ALEJANDRA , STRAUSS MARIANA , TRIQUELL FERNANDA , CREMONEZZI DAVID , NEGRETE OLGA SANCHEZ , WILLHUBER GASTON CAMINO , PAGLINI-OLIVA PATRICIA , RIVAROLA HECTOR WALTER 
Published: March 2013

SUMMARYChagas infection is a major endemic disease affecting Latin American countries. The persistence ofTrypanosoma cruzigenerates a chronic inflammatory reactivity that induces an immune response directed to the host's tissues. The effectiveness of the treatment in the chronic phase is still unsatisfactory due, amongst other reasons, to the collateral effects of the drugs used. We investigated the effect of clomipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant that, when used as a treatment ofT. cruzi-chronically infected mice, inhibits trypanothione reductase, an exclusive and vital enzyme ofT. cruzi. Clomipramine improved survival (P<0·05) by diminishing the parasite intensity as demonstrated by PCR studies in the heart and skeletal muscle, and significantly prevented the evolution to fibrosis of the inflammatory infiltrates. Clomipramine could be a good candidate for the treatment of chronic Chagas disease.
Intonation influences how children and adults interpret sarcasm
Authors: GLENWRIGHT MELANIE , PARACKEL JAYANTHI M. , CHEUNG KRISTENE R. J. , NILSEN ELIZABETH S. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTAdults distinguish sarcasm from literal language according to intonation involving a reduction in fundamental frequency (F0). We examined whether children's and adults' interpretation of a sarcastic speaker's belief, attitude, and humor was affected by degree of F0 reduction by presenting five- to six-year-olds and adults with sarcastic and literal criticisms with a small, medium, or large mean F0 reduction. Children and adults were more accurate in attributing the speaker's belief and intent for sarcastic criticisms for large F0 reductions compared to small reductions. These results show that F0 reduction is a helpful cue to sarcasm interpretation for both children and adults.
Biphasic assembly of the contractile apparatus during the first two cell division cycles in zebrafish embryos
Authors: Webb Sarah E. , Goulet Cécile , Chan Ching Man , Yuen Michael Y. F. , Miller Andrew L. 
Published: March 2013

SummaryThe large and optically clear embryos of the zebrafish provide an excellent model system in which to study the dynamic assembly of the essential contractile band components, actin and myosin, via double fluorescent labelling in combination with confocal microscopy. We report the rapid appearance (i.e. within <2 min) of a restricted arc of F-actin patches along the prospective furrow plane in a central, apical region of the blastodisc cortex. These patches then fused with each other end-to-end forming multiple actin cables, which were subsequently bundled together forming an F-actin band. During this initial assembly phase, the F-actin-based structure did not elongate laterally, but was still restricted to an arc extending ~15° either side of the blastodisc apex. This initial assembly phase was then followed by an extension phase, where additional F-actin patches were added to each end of the original arc, thus extending it out to the edges of the blastodisc. The dynamics of phosphorylated myosin light chain 2 (MLC2) recruitment to this F-actin scaffold also reflect the two-phase nature of the contractile apparatus assembly. MLC2 was not associated with the initial F-actin arc, but MLC2 clusters were recruited and assembled into the extending ends of the band. We propose that the MLC2-free central region of the contractile apparatus acts to position and then extend the cleavage furrow in the correct plane, while the actomyosin ends alone generate the force required for furrow ingression. This biphasic assembly strategy may be required to successfully divide the early cells of large embryos.
Unusual DNA Structures Formed on Bare Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite Surfaces Studied by Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Liu Zhiguo , Zhao Lin , Zu Yuangang , Tan Shengnan , Wang Yuanlin , Zhang Yiming 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIt is important to know the detailed DNA structure on carbonaceous surfaces for further application of DNA-functionalized carbonaceous materials in diverse research areas. In this study, the topographic and structural characteristics of the separated single DNA molecules and their assembly on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surfaces have been investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). AFM results indicate that both circular and linear DNA molecules tend to form hexagonal patterns along with some unusual structures that include node, protrusion, cruciform, parallel single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), and compact zigzag. Furthermore, parallel ssDNA patterns and their crossed structures have been obtained under high-temperature conditions. Our AFM results reveal that a bare HOPG surface can induce DNA molecules to form various unusual structures. This finding is helpful for understanding the adsorption behavior of DNA on other carbonaceous surfaces such as carbon nanotubes and graphene. In addition, the hexagonal DNA patterns in this study are similar to those formed on the alkylamine-modified HOPG surface, which implies that a bare HOPG, without any chemical modification, has a strong ability to align biomolecules. This study could expand our knowledge of the diversities of DNA structures and the aligning ability of carbonaceous surfaces.
Voicing the Labyrinth: the Collaborations of Edoardo Sanguineti and Luciano Berio
Authors: OSMOND-SMITH DAVID 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn this article David Osmond-Smith discusses the ‘creative cross-fertilization’ between Luciano Berio and the poet Edoardo Sanguineti. Berio first approached Sanguineti at the suggestion of Umberto Eco, and the article begins with a discussion of Berio and Eco's radiophonic project Onomatopea nel linguaggio poetico, which in turn stimulated one of the composer's most celebrated electroacoustic works, Thema/Omaggio a Joyce (1958). The author argues that the preoccupation revealed there with ‘working at the boundary where the word as bearer of meaning dissolves into the word as reservoir of sonic potentials’ remained central to the collaborations of Berio and Sanguineti, principally Passaggio (1961–2), Laborintus II (1965), and A-Ronne (1974–5). In particular, the former two works explore their ‘aesthetics of fragmentation and juxtaposition’ in the context of a music theatre that embraces Umberto Eco's poetics of the opera aperta (open work), Guy Debord's notion of ‘spectacularity’, and various dimensions of political and social critique. (CW)
A Semblance of Freedom: Karl Amadeus Hartmann between Democratic Renewal and Cold War, 1945–7
Authors: BLOMANN ULRICH J. , THYM JÜRGEN 
Published: March 2013

AbstractFor more than a decade, literature on the cultural politics of the Cold War in postwar Europe has done much to question the notion that the political manipulation of music was confined to the Soviet bloc, and that musicians in the West enjoyed untrammelled autonomy and freedom. This article focuses on the case of the German composer Karl Amadeus Hartmann, presenting evidence that the reorientation he underwent in the late 1940s (during which he revised, retitled, or suppressed nearly all the works he had composed between 1930 and 1945) was motivated not by purely aesthetic or personal considerations, as some writers have suggested, but by strong pressures to eradicate from his output all manifestations of social(ist) and political commitment. In Bavaria, where Hartmann lived, anti-communism was rife in political circles. Meanwhile, in the cultural sphere, critics such as Hans Heinz Stuckenschmidt (strongly influenced by Nicolas Nabokov) abandoned their pre-war commitment to socially relevant art, denounced Shostakovich (a composer much admired by Hartmann), and began promoting Schoenberg as a rational, apolitical exemplar of formalism in music. Against this background – and in the light of his experiences with one work in particular, theSymphonische Ouvertüre ‘China kämpft’– Hartmann felt compelled to reassess his political position.
Palm frond biochar production and characterisation
Authors: Som A. Md , Wang Z. , Al-Tabbaa A. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTPalm oil has been the world's main source of oil and fats since 2004, producing over 45 million tonnes in 2009. Malaysia alone has over 4·5 million hectares planted with oil palm and, based on common practice, ∼300 palm fronds are pruned per hectare per year. This agricultural waste is currently either being used as roughage feed or, more frequently, being left between rows of palm trees to prevent soil erosion, or for nutrient recycling purposes. This paper proposes an alternative use for palm frond as a source of biochar. A traditional method commonly use by gardeners in Malaysia to improve soil fertility was used to produce the biochar. A shallow earth pit was dug in the ground for the carbonisation process. The process is described and the impact of carbonisation on the earth wall is analysed and presented. The process was later re-assessed by using TGA-FTIR. Most of the hemicelluloses had fully disintegrated, but the depolymerisation of the cellulose was still incomplete at the carbonisation temperature. Most of the lignin aromatic structure was still present in the biochar. The carbonisation process was repeated in the laboratory and biochar was characterised by using BET, SEM and FTIR. An adsorption isotherm study was conducted and the experimental data were fitted to the Langmuir model. The model predicted Pb2+ adsorption rates of 83·3 mg/g, Cu2+ 41·4 mg/g, Ni2+ 13·0 mg/g and Zn2+ 19·7 mg/g.
Governance by Disclosure: Transnational Convergence in the Field of Nanotechnology
Authors: Snir Reut 
Published: March 2013

Abstract‘Nanotechnology’, the manipulation of matter on an atomic and molecular scale, is projected to profoundly alter manufacturing systems globally. However, along with the promise that these new technologies hold, there are concerns about the possibility of unknown latent risks to human health or the environment. Under current scientific uncertainties, regulators explore new strategies for overseeing the development and safe use of nanotechnologies. Information disclosure plays a prominent role among these strategies. Thus far, however, the informational strategies actually employed by governments have focused on means by which to collect information from industry, and the types of information requested do not allow for an adequate health risk assessment. Moreover, little effort has been made to make the information collected publicly available. The article addresses the question of what information is disclosed (or not disclosed) and why, highlighting the socio-political context within which these decisions are made, and their democratic implications. It argues that the current ‘light-touch’ disclosure-based approach may lie in technical, evidence-based, ‘risk’ conception, which is common to both the United States and the European Union. It further argues for a more democratic ‘governance-by-disclosure’ approach, which allows society to prioritize risks that it is willing to take to enjoy the benefit of technological progress.
Functional link between bone morphogenetic proteins and insulin-like peptide 3 signaling in modulating ovarian androgen production
Authors: Glister Claire , Satchell Leanne , Bathgate Ross A. D. , Wade John D. , Dai Yanzhenzi , Ivell Richard , Anand-Ivell Ravinder , Rodgers Raymond J. , Knight Philip G. 
Published: March 2013

Significance
Ovarian androgen synthesis is essential for normal ovarian follicle development and female fertility in animals and humans. However, ovarian androgen excess, a feature of the widespread polycystic ovarian syndrome in women, is detrimental to fertility and has other pathophysiological consequences. Our findings reveal the importance of the intraovarian growth factor insulin-like peptide 3 signaling for maintaining androgen production by ovarian theca cells and show that the suppressive action of bone morphogenetic proteins on androgen production is linked to their inhibitory effect on insulin-like peptide 3 signaling, likely mediated via down-regulation of the nuclear transcription factor steroidogenic factor-1.
The anisotropy1 D604N Mutation in the Arabidopsis Cellulose Synthase1 Catalytic Domain Reduces Cell Wall Crystallinity and the Velocity of Cellulose Synthase Complexes
Authors: Fujita Miki , Himmelspach Regina , Ward Juliet , Whittington Angela , Hasenbein Nortrud , Liu Christine , Truong Thy T. , Galway Moira E. , Mansfield Shawn D. , Hocart Charles H. , Wasteneys Geoffrey O. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Multiple cellulose synthase (CesA) subunits assemble into plasma membrane complexes responsible for cellulose production. In the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) model system, we identified a novel D604N missense mutation, designated anisotropy1 (any1), in the essential primary cell wall CesA1. Most previously identified CesA1 mutants show severe constitutive or conditional phenotypes such as embryo lethality or arrest of cellulose production but any1 plants are viable and produce seeds, thus permitting the study of CesA1 function. The dwarf mutants have reduced anisotropic growth of roots, aerial organs, and trichomes. Interestingly, cellulose microfibrils were disordered only in the epidermal cells of the any1 inflorescence stem, whereas they were transverse to the growth axis in other tissues of the stem and in all elongated cell types of roots and dark-grown hypocotyls. Overall cellulose content was not altered but both cell wall crystallinity and the velocity of cellulose synthase complexes were reduced in any1. We crossed any1 with the temperature-sensitive radial swelling1-1 (rsw1-1) CesA1 mutant and observed partial complementation of the any1 phenotype in the transheterozygotes at rsw1-1’s permissive temperature (21°C) and full complementation by any1 of the conditional rsw1-1 root swelling phenotype at the restrictive temperature (29°C). In rsw1-1 homozygotes at restrictive temperature, a striking dissociation of cellulose synthase complexes from the plasma membrane was accompanied by greatly diminished motility of intracellular cellulose synthase-containing compartments. Neither phenomenon was observed in the any1 rsw1-1 transheterozygotes, suggesting that the proteins encoded by the any1 allele replace those encoded by rsw1-1 at restrictive temperature.
RABA Members Act in Distinct Steps of Subcellular Trafficking of the FLAGELLIN SENSING2 Receptor
Authors: Choi Seung-won , Tamaki Takayuki , Ebine Kazuo , Uemura Tomohiro , Ueda Takashi , Nakano Akihiko 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Cell surface proteins play critical roles in the perception of environmental stimuli at the plasma membrane (PM) and ensuing signal transduction. Intracellular localization of such proteins must be strictly regulated, which requires elaborate integration of exocytic and endocytic trafficking pathways. Subcellular localization of Arabidopsis thaliana FLAGELLIN SENSING2 (FLS2), a receptor that recognizes bacterial flagellin, also depends on membrane trafficking. However, our understanding about the mechanisms involved is still limited. In this study, we visualized ligand-induced endocytosis of FLS2 using green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged FLS2 expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana. Upon treatment with the flg22 peptide, internalized FLS2-GFP from the PM was transported to a compartment with properties intermediate between the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and the multivesicular endosome. This compartment gradually discarded the TGN characteristics as it continued along the trafficking pathway. We further found that FLS2 endocytosis involves distinct RABA/RAB11 subgroups at different steps. Moreover, we demonstrated that transport of de novo–synthesized FLS2 to the PM also involves a distinct RABA/RAB11 subgroup. Our results demonstrate the complex regulatory system for properly localizing FLS2 and functional differentiation in RABA members in endo- and exocytosis.
Crystallization and X-ray structure determination of a thermoalkalophilic lipase fromGeobacillusSBS-4S
Authors: Tayyab Muhammad , Rashid Naeem , Angkawidjaja Clement , Kanaya Shigenori , Akhtar Muhammad 
Published: March 2013

A thermoalkalophilic lipase (LIPSBS) from the newly isolatedGeobacillusstrain SBS-4S which hydrolyzes a wide range of fatty acids has been characterized. In the present study, the crystallization of purified LIPSBSusing the sitting-drop vapour-diffusion method and its X-ray diffraction studies are described. The crystals belonged to the orthorhombic space groupP212121, with unit-cell parametersa= 55.13,b= 71.75,c= 126.26 Å. The structure was determined at 1.6 Å resolution by the molecular-replacement method using the lipase fromG. stearothermophilusL1 as a model.
Structure of glutaminyl cyclase fromDrosophila melanogasterin space groupI4
Authors: Kolenko Petr , Koch Birgit , Rahfeld Jens-Ulrich , Schilling Stephan , Demuth Hans-Ulrich , Stubbs Milton T. 
Published: March 2013

The structure of ligand-free glutaminyl cyclase (QC) fromDrosophila melanogaster(DmQC) has been determined in a novel crystal form. The protein crystallized in space groupI4, with unit-cell parametersa=b= 122.3,c = 72.7 Å. The crystal diffracted to a resolution of 2 Å at the home source. The structure was solved by molecular replacement and was refined to anRfactor of 0.169.DmQC exhibits a typical α/β-hydrolase fold. The electron density of three monosaccharides could be localized. The accessibility of the active site will facilitate structural studies of novel inhibitor-binding modes.
Effect of composition of gluten proteins and dough rheological properties on the cookie‐making quality
Authors: Barak Sheweta , Mudgil Deepak , Singh Khatkar Bhupendar 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to study the effect of the gliadin and glutenin fractions of gluten on the cookie quality.Design/methodology/approachTen different wheat varieties were analyzed for the flour physicochemical characteristics, gluten composition and rheological properties. The different flours were baked into cookies. The cookies were analyzed for spread ratio and texture. Relationships of various flour parameters, gluten composition and cookie characteristics were determined.FindingsGluten subfractions, damaged starch, protein, AWRC values were significantly correlated to the cookie spread and texture. Damaged starch (r=−0.638), protein (r=−0.508) and AWRC (r=−0.844) had a negative relationship with the cookie spread. The flours with higher SDS sedimentation value also produced cookies with lower spread ratio and harder texture. The study clearly demonstrated a positive correlation between Gli:Glu ratio (r=0.765) and spread ratio and a negative correlation (r=−0.528) with hardness of the cookies measured in terms of breaking force. Flours with lower dough development time and dough stability performed better as cookie flours.Originality/valueThe gliadins and Gli/Glu ratio had a significant effect on the cookie spread and texture and the prediction equation developed during the study could accurately predict the cookie spread from the Gli/Glu ratio and AWRC values.