bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CT and MR Imaging of Adrenal Hemangioma
Authors: Rieber A. , Brambs H.-J. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose: Cavernous hemangiomas of the adrenal gland are rare, and we here describe CT and MR features of an additional case including delayed contrast CT. Results: On CT, the tumor appeared as a well-delineated mass. Fatty areas and calcifications were seen. On delayed contrast CT, a progressive enhancement from the periphery to the center of the tumor was noticed, similar to the contrast enhancement of liver hemangiomas. In T1-weighted MR images, a hypointense tumor with a central stellate area of hypointensity was found. The tumor had a predominantly peripheral contrast enhancement. Conclusion: CT and MR findings of adrenal hemangiomas are in some cases similar to those of liver hemangiomas. A tumor resection must be considered if the tumor changes in appearance or size.
Thin-Section CT in the Examination of Cervical Disc Herniation
Authors: Ilkko E. , Lähde S. , Heiskari M. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose: The aim of the investigation was to determine whether thin-section high-resolution CT imaging could replace MR imaging and/or myelography in preoperative evaluation of radiculopathy and/or myelopathy. Material and Methods: A total of 120 patients, referred for cervical myelography (n=107) or MR imaging (n=13), were further examined with 1-mm non-contrast CT of the suspected disc space, including at least the next cephalic and caudal interspaces. Thirty-seven patients underwent Cloward's operation, at which 32 were found to have disc herniation. Results: The sensitivities of CT (n=37), myelography (n=29), and MR imaging (n=8) were 66%, 84%, and 86%, respectively. The corresponding figures for false-positives were 8%, 10%, and 13%. Artefacts caused by wide shoulders in the 1-mm CT images were estimated to have contributed to a false-negative finding in 8 cases. The remaining 3 false-negatives were retrospectively considered evaluation errors. The true-positive CT findings usually presented with a local disc bulge measuring over 80 HU in density. Local ligamentous hypertrophy presented an indistinguishable finding in 3 cases, yielding false-positive CT findings. Conclusion: Conventional thin-section CT is considered a usable alternative for the evaluation of suspected cervical disc herniations in selected patients. Stocky patients with wide shoulders and a short neck are not suitable candidates, even when new generation equipment is available.
Changes in the Anal Sphincter with Age
Authors: Nielsen M. B. , Pedersen J. F. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose: To describe the changes in the endosonographic appearance of the anal sphincter muscles with age. Material and Methods: Fifty subjects (age range 22–85 years) with no history of anorectal disease or surgery were studied with anal endosonography. The thickness of the internal and external anal sphincter was registered and correlated to age. For the internal sphincter, which is often asymmetric, the maximum and minimum thicknesses were measured at any part of the circumference (except anteriorly for anatomic reasons) and also in the lateral positions. Results: A significant positive correlation with age was found for all maximum, minimum, and average internal sphincter thicknesses. Moreover, the echogenicity of the internal sphincter changed with age as the sphincter muscle became more echogenic. There was no significant correlation between external sphincter thickness and age. Conclusion: Knowledge of the normal variation of the internal sphincter thickness with age is important since endosonography may be used to identify patients with hypertrophy of the internal sphincter. Currently, we consider maximal thicknesses above 4 mm to be abnormal in patients under 50 years of age, whereas in patients aged at least 50 years thicknesses of 5 mm or more are considered abnormal.
Radiological Bile Acid Absorption Test 75SeHCAT in Patients with Diarrhoea of Unknown Cause
Authors: Rudberg U. , Nylander B. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose: The purpose with this study was to investigate the usefulness of the 75SeHCAT test in patients suffering from “functional” diarrhoea and to disclose earlier radiological investigations performed in the course of disease. Material and Methods: Twenty patients with chronic diarrhoea of unknown cause were investigated with the 75SeHCAT test. The cholestyramine test and an estimation of oro-caecal transit time (OCTT) were also performed in 13 and 10 patients respectively. Results: Ten patients had low 7-day retention (≤15%). Nine of these were tested with cholestyramine and 8 showed complete relief from the diarrhoea. The cholestyramine test had no effect on the 4 patients with normal bile acid retention. No correlation was found between the retention of 75SeHCAT and OCCT. A total of 80 inconclusive gastrointestinal barium examinations were performed during the course of disease. Conclusion: Pathological bile acid retention, studied with the radiological 75SeHCAT test, is common in patients with diarrhoea of unknown cause. The test should be performed earlier in the course of disease in order to prevent unnecessary radiological investigations and to reduce patient suffering and distress.
Lingual Carcinoma
Authors: Arakawa A. , Tsuruta J. , Nishimura R. , Sakamoto Y. , Korogi Y. , Baba Y. , Furusawa M. , Ishimaru Y , Uji Y. , Taen A. , Ishikawa T. , Takahashi M. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose: To determine the utility of MR imaging in the evaluation of lingual carcinomas. Material and Methods: Eleven patients with lingual carcinoma were evaluated with MR imaging including dynamic study within one week before surgery. Nine patients underwent preoperative chemotherapy or irradiation, and 2 patients had no preoperative treatment. Delineation of the tumor, the contrast between tumor and surrounding tissue, and extent of the tumor were evaluated in a blinded manner. After glossectomy, MR images were correlated with pathological findings. Statistical analysis was performed on the visual assessment ratings. Results: Blinded evaluation suggested that dynamic and T2-weighted images (T2WI) were significantly superior to postcontrast T1WI in demonstrating the lesion. There were no significant differences between dynamic MR images and T2WIs. However, histopathological correlation showed that in patients with preoperative treatment, dynamic MR imaging demonstrated more accurately the size and extent of the residual tumor than did T2WI and postcontrast T1WI, which tended to demonstrate an area of signal abnormality that was more extensive than the true size of the residual lesion. In patients without preoperative treatment, dynamic MR imaging, T2WI, and postcontrast T1WI gave an equivalent depiction of the extent of the carcinoma. Conclusion: In patients with no preoperative treatment, dynamic MR imaging does not appear to offer any advantage over T2WI. However, in patients with preoperative treatment, dynamic MR imaging provides a more accurate assessment of the residual tumor than do T2WI and postcontrast T1WI.
Assessment of exposure to cadmium, lead, manganese, and nickel in workers from foundries
Authors: dos Santos Claudia Regina , da Silva Carlos Sérgio , Nascimento Elizabeth Souza 
Published: June 2015

Objectives: In this study, biological exposure indicators were used to assess the exposure of workers to cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), and nickel (Ni) in nonferrous metal smelters. Methods: A total of 273 male participants (178 exposed and 95 nonexposed control group), working in nonferrous metal foundries located in southern Brazil, were evaluated based on biological indicators, environmental levels, and different types of work performed by the participants. Blood Pb (BPb), urinary Cd (UCd), urinary Mn (UMn), and urinary Ni (UNi) levels were quantified by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry with Zeeman background correction. Results: Significant differences between the exposed and nonexposed groups were observed for all of the analyzed elements. The average levels of BPb were higher than the recommended occupational exposure level. Relatively low concentrations were found for UCd, UMn, and UNi. Conclusions: Although metal production is an important segment of the Brazilian economy, information related to employee health in this sector is scarce. The environmental levels are determinant in occupational exposure in foundries. In companies where air levels of Pb, Cd, and Mn were above the established limits, the different types of activity did not represent an important influence on the biological levels found among workers. In situations with low air levels of these metals, the workers from the “melting” sector were actually more vulnerable.
Orientation-Controllable ZnO Nanorod Array Using Imprinting Method for Maximum Light Utilization in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Jeong Huisu , Song Hui , Lee Ryeri , Pak Yusin , Kumaresan Yogeenth , Lee Heon , Jung Gun Young 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
We present a holey titanium dioxide (TiO2) film combined with a periodically aligned ZnO nanorod layer (ZNL) for maximum light utilization in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). Both the holey TiO2 film and the ZNL were simultaneously fabricated by imprint technique with a mold having vertically aligned ZnO nanorod (NR) array, which was transferred to the TiO2 film after imprinting. The orientation of the transferred ZNL such as laid, tilted, and standing ZnO NRs was dependent on the pitch and height of the ZnO NRs of the mold. The photoanode composed of the holey TiO2 film with the ZNL synergistically utilized the sunlight due to enhanced light scattering and absorption. The best power conversion efficiency of 8.5 % was achieved from the DSC with the standing ZNL, which represented a 33 % improvement compared to the reference cell with a planar TiO2.
Existence and convergence theorems of fixed points for multi-valued SCC-, SKC-, KSC-, SCS- and C-type mappings in hyperbolic spaces
Authors: Chang Shih-sen , Agarwal Ravi P , Wang Lin 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to introduce the concepts of multi-valued SCC-, SKC-, KSC-, SCS- and C-type mappings and propose a classical Kuhfitting-type iteration (Kuhfitting in Pac. J. Math. 97(1):137-139, 1981) for finding a common fixed point of the SKC-, KSC-, SCS- and C-type multi-valued mappings in the setting of hyperbolic spaces. Under suitable conditions some Δ-convergence theorems and strong convergence theorems for the iterative sequence generated by the proposed scheme to approximate a common fixed point of a finite family of SKC-, KSC-, SCS- and C-type multi-valued mappings are proved. The results presented in the paper extend and improve some recent results announced in the current literature.
Modulating Activity of the &#34;Selenaza&#34; in Various Doses to Conjugating System of No/Glutathione in the Ischemic Brain of Experimental Animals
Authors: Литвиненко  , Litvinenko E. 
Published: June 2015

The authors have identified priority units – target neuroprotective therapy aimed at restoring the ratio NO/glutathione restored. For this purpose, animals with acute cerebral blood flow (stroke) were injected modulator selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase medicament &#34;Selenaza&#34; in various doses. In the experiment, the authors used the model of bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries – by type of ischemic stroke to Wistar rats. It has been shown that the administration of different dosages &#34;Selenaza&#34; significantly reduces stress marker nitrosating stress - nitrotyrosine, improves the reduced glutathione and glutathione peroxidase enzyme, modifies thiol-disulfide equilibrium in the direction of its reduced forms. According to effect – dose dependence, the concentrations of sodium selenite were calculated ED50 drug &#34;Selenaza&#34;, it was 50 ug/ml.
Conclusions: These results suggest that selenium protects neurons against hypoxic/ischemic damage by reducing oxidative stress, restoring mitochondrial functional activities, as well as increase levels of reduced glutathione and glutathione peroxidase and reduce markers of nitrosating stress- nitrotyrosine.
Graph Models and GeoData Based Web Portal in Cargo Transportation
Authors: Novickis Leonids , Vinichenko Svetlana , Sotnichoks Mihails , Lesovskis Andrejs , Amalitskaya Darja 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The paper presents a Web Based Framework (WBF)/Web portal to support business processes in transport logistics.
The proposed portal has been developed using graph and multi-agent models and GeoData approach.
It is one of the main results of international project eINTERASIA supported by the Seventh Framework Program of the European Commission.
Stationary distribution of the player rating in the Elo model with one adversary
Authors: Avdeev Vadim A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe paper is concerned with the process of fluctuation of the player rating in the Elo model in an infinite series of games with the same adversary. Under some assumptions on the model parameters, this process is shown to have a stationary distribution; its median is found for players of the same skill.
Changes In Innovation Activity In Regional Industrial System In The Context Of Size Of Enterprises In West Pomeranian Province
Authors: Świadek Arkadiusz , Szopik-Depczyńska Katarzyna 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
In transition countries the firms’ size and equity property affect economic processes, including innovation activity in industry. Researche has shown that the key to accelerate economy development is technology transfer from foreign countries. Implementation of new solutions depends on medium and large organizations, rather than on the micro and small ones. Traditional micro and small regional enterprises feature a low level of capacity to take risk. An innovation activity in industry systems grows up over time, but only in small domestic enterprises, and it is similar to their foreign and larger competitors. This paper discusses the problems of size of enterprises and its impact on innovation activity in regional industry systems in West Pomeranian province in the period 2004–2006 and 2009–2011.
Horizontal Fiscal Imbalance In The United States
Authors: Kowalik Paweł 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Regional inequalities are currently a challenge for the majority of countries, in particular large ones, certain of which are federations. The federal state system is more complex than the unitary system. This results in specific problems. One of them is the issue of differing level of economic development of individual territorial units, whereby the problem of income redistribution emerges. The difference between income and expenses results in the formation of fiscal gaps, both horizontal and vertical ones. The aim of the paper is to present the measures applied for measuring the horizontal fiscal imbalance. It is also the starting point for conducting measurements of those imbalances in the USA based on the presented measures. The paper presents the measures applied in the literature for the purposes of measuring horizontal fiscal imbalance. In addition, the measurement of those imbalances in the USA are presented.
Item Familiarity as a Possible Confounding Factor in User-Centric Recommender Systems Evaluation
Authors: Jannach Dietmar , Lerche Lukas , Jugovac Michael 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
User studies play an important role in academic research in the field of recommender systems as they allow us to assess quality factors other than the predictive accuracy of the underlying algorithms. User satisfaction is one such factor that is often evaluated in laboratory settings and in many experimental designs one task of the participants is to assess the suitability of the system-generated recommendations. The effort required by the user to make such an assessment can, however, depend on the user’s familiarity with the presented items and directly impact on the reported user satisfaction. In this paper, we report the results of a preliminary recommender systems user study using Mechanical Turk, which indicates that item familiarity is strongly correlated with overall satisfaction.
Application-aware cross-layer reliability analysis and optimization
Authors: Glaß Michael , Aliee Hananeh , Chen Liang , Ebrahimi Mojtaba , Khosravi Faramarz , Kleeberger Veit B. , Listl Alexandra , Müller-Gritschneder Daniel , Oboril Fabian , Schlichtmann Ulf , Tahoori Mehdi B. , Teich Jürgen , Wehn Norbert , Weis Christian 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The increasing error susceptibility of semiconductor devices has put
reliability in the focus of modern design methodologies. Low-level
techniques alone cannot economically tackle this problem. Instead,
counter measures on all system layers from device and circuit up to
the application are required. As these counter measures are not for
free, orchestrating them across different layers to achieve optimum
trade-offs for the application wrt. reliability but also cost,
timeliness, or energy consumption becomes a challenge. This typically
requires a combination of analysis techniques to quantify the achieved
reliability and optimization techniques that search for the best
combination of counter measures. This work presents five recent
approaches for application-aware cross-layer reliability optimization
from within the embedded domain. Moreover, the Resilience
Articulation Point (RAP) as a concept cooperatively developed to model
errors across different layers is discussed. The developed approaches
are showcased via applications, ranging from MIMO systems to
distributed embedded control applications.
A Simulation-Based Fuzzy Analytic Network Process Approach in Developing Sustainable Manufacturing Strategy
Authors: Ocampo Lanndon , Clark Eppie 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
This paper adopts a probabilistic fuzzy analytic network process (PROFUZANP) approach in developing a sustainable manufacturing strategy. In this hybrid method, analytic network process handles the complexity of the problem structure under consideration, fuzzy set theory is used to describe vagueness in individual decision-making and probability theory is used to handle randomness in group decision-making. This holistic methodological approach addresses complexity and uncertainty both in individual and group decision-making which is useful in modeling group decisions such as developing a sustainable manufacturing strategy. In this work, an inclusive approach of integrating traditional manufacturing strategy concepts and sustainable manufacturing principles is proposed as a unifying decision model. The proposed decision structure adopts the hierarchical structure of manufacturing strategy and explores the presence of strategic responses and stakeholders’ interests as significant components of sustainability. Using PROFUZANP, the decision model identifies the content policies of sustainable manufacturing strategy. This content strategy is expected to address both competitiveness and sustainability of manufacturing firms. Results are reported in this paper along with insights and future work. The contribution of this work is the integration of manufacturing strategy and sustainability into a coherent decision framework that requires the use of PROFUZANP in dealing with complex and uncertain group decision-making problem.
An FPGA Architecture for Extracting Real-Time Zernike Coefficients from Measured Phase Gradients
Authors: Moser Steven , Lee Peter , Podoleanu Adrian 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Zernike modes are commonly used in adaptive optics systems to represent optical wavefronts. However, real-time calculation of Zernike modes is time consuming due to two factors: the large factorial components in the radial polynomials used to define them and the large inverse matrix calculation needed for the linear fit. This paper presents an efficient parallel method for calculating Zernike coefficients from phase gradients produced by a Shack-Hartman sensor and its real-time implementation using an FPGA by pre-calculation and storage of subsections of the large inverse matrix. The architecture exploits symmetries within the Zernike modes to achieve a significant reduction in memory requirements and a speed-up of 2.9 when compared to published results utilising a 2D-FFT method for a grid size of 8×8. Analysis of processor element internal word length requirements show that 24-bit precision in precalculated values of the Zernike mode partial derivatives ensures less than 0.5% error per Zernike coefficient and an overall error of <1%. The design has been synthesized on a Xilinx Spartan-6 XC6SLX45 FPGA. The resource utilisation on this device is <3% of slice registers, <15% of slice LUTs, and approximately 48% of available DSP blocks independent of the Shack-Hartmann grid size. Block RAM usage is <16% for Shack-Hartmann grid sizes up to 32×32.
The Moral Police
Authors: Figenschou Tine Ustad , Beyer Audun , Thorbjørnsrud Kjersti 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
How does the general public understand media coverage of immigration issues? The present article analyses the media effects of an extensive news series focusing on the harassment of people believed to disrespect traditional Muslim norms. Through an explorative survey study, it traces how Norwegian media launched and covered what was labeled “the moral police” phenomenon, and to what extent the media framing of the issue had an agendasetting and/or frame-setting effect on the public. It finds that, although most respondents had become aware of the issue through the media, they did not necessarily adopt the media’s framing of the phenomenon. The respondents did not primarily relate the “moral police” to immigration (the dominant media frame), they understood the new phenomenon through experiences from their own lives and framed it as a general social problem.
Reactor-Produced Carrier-Free Iridium-194
Authors: Peisach M. 
Published: June 2015

Summary
Reactor Irradiation of natural osmium leads to osmium-194 by second order neutron capture. When converted to osmium tetroxide, millicurie amounts of carrier-free iridium-194 can be recovered repeatedly from the decay of a Single sample of osmium-194 by vacuum distillation. The half-life of pure iridium-194 was found to be 17.4 ± 0.1 hours.
Carboxylierung von Ameisensäure zu Oxalsäure in wässeriger kohlensaurer Lösung unter Einwirkung von 60Co-Gammastrahlung
Authors: Gütlbauer F. , Getoff N. 
Published: June 2015

Zusammenfassung
Der strahlenchemische Carboxylierungsprozeß von organischen Stoffen in wässeriger kohlensaurer Lösung wurde in Abhängigkeit vom ρH-Wert, von der Strahlendosis und der Strahlenintensität eingehend studiert. Als Modellsubstanz diente in der vorliegenden Arbeit eine Lösung von 0,1 m Ameisensäure, die bis zu 1 Atm. mit Kohlendioxid gesättigt wurde. Dabei konnte Oxalsäure als Carboxylierungsprodukt erhalten werden. Im sauren Medium (pH = 2,8) betrug der G-Wert der Oxalsäurebildung G(COOH)2 = 1,8 bei einer Dosis von 2 · 1018 eV/ml, während er im alkalischen Gebiet (pH = 10,8) bei gleicher Dosis bis zu 9,1 anstieg.
Die erhaltenen Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, daß die Carboxylierung der Ameisensäure zumindest teilweise nach einer Kettenreaktion abläuft.
Annealing of Recoil Bromine-82 in Hexabromoethane
Authors: Collins Kenneth E. , Habbottle Garman 
Published: June 2015

Summary
The influence of defects produced by.gamma radiation exposures of 2 to 1400 r on the subsequent thermal annealing of 82Br in crystalline C2Br6 was investigated at annealing temperatures in the range 0° to 120°. Incorporation of recoil 82Br into C2Br6 during annealing occurs by several processes. One process is dependent on radiation dose while the others are independent of dose in the range studied. "Doping" the crystals with Br2 affects the annealing at high but not at low temperatures, simulating the effect of a low level of radiation-produced defects. The dose-independent annealing is discussed in terms of "intra-site" reactions occurring in several different kinds of isolated recoil-produced sites.