bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advanced sciences convergence based methods for surveillance of emerging trends in science, technology, and intelligence
Authors: Vaseashta Ashok 
Published: March 2014

Purpose–Strategic decision-making is a complex process and encompasses an exhaustive knowledge base, collective guidance, contemporary foresight, analytical capabilities, paradigmatic congruence, and risk assessment and optimization within mission space. Employing advanced sciences convergence and analytical methodologies, the aim of this report is to provide a set of plausible solution trajectories to complex scenarios.Design/methodology/approach–Three methodologies are reported here which provide policymakers with plausible solution pathways and alternatives. The methodologies, namely: TechFARM, ADAMS, and NESTTS, involve convergence of scientific disciplines, cutting edge technologies, social dynamics, astute extraction, and principles of foresight to support the process of informed decision-making, as comprehensive tools to develop a plausible solution space and future trends.Findings–The methodologies provided in this report provide scientific basis to trends analysis and foresight. Few selected examples are reported here indicating its practical implications. The methodologies are currently applied to and likely to be used for many applications in trends analysis for government, industry, and even academics. These applications are particularly relevant to policy-making due to their capacity for identification of emerging trends.Originality/value–Being highly adaptable, these methodologies were initially generated for defense applications, but have since been applied to clean water, cyber-security, the medical sector, and environmental health and safety (EHS) and evaluating eco-toxicity of nanomaterials, to strategically address a variety of global challenges. Additionally, these methodologies support investment recommendations and implementation of policies that promise significant benefit to the public at large.
Reinventing marketing strategy by recasting supplier/customer roles
Authors: Gummesson Evert , Kuusela Hannu , Närvänen Elina 
Published: March 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to propose that the recasting of supplier and customer roles reconfigures the role of marketing.Design/methodology/approach– A conceptual paper that suggests the need to rethink the role of marketing in the strategic decision making of companies. The study accesses recent theories of marketing, service and value and provides illustrative case examples.Findings– Consumers are progressively more active and the traditional supplier role of controlling consumers is less viable. The case examples show the variety of ways in which companies may adopt a new role in relation to customers and the market. The paper argues that adapting to this role change needs to take place at the highest level in the company and is the way to reinvent marketing strategy. This also necessitates marketing employing unconventional methodologies and relevant theory to address the complexity and ambiguity of current markets.Research limitations/implications– The paper is a conceptual paper restricted to supplier and customer roles, albeit set in a broader context of stakeholders.Practical implications– The marketing-oriented supplier of the future can design service systems and exert a certain control at the same time adapting to and supporting consumer initiatives through interaction in networks of stakeholder relationships.Originality/value– Stressing the new roles of consumers and suppliers; reinventing the role of marketing, breaking with conventional marketing research methodology.
Small details that make big differences
Authors: N. Bolton Ruth , Gustafsson Anders , McColl-Kennedy Janet , J. Sirianni Nancy , K. Tse David 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
– Service organizations and marketers have focussed too much of their energy on their core service's performance and too little emphasis on designing a customer journey that enhances the entire customer experience. There is nothing wrong with firms seeking continuous improvement in service quality and customer satisfaction. These efforts are needed for firms to be competitive in the marketplace. The problem occurs when performance levels and service offerings become too similar within an industry, so that price is the only competitive weapon that remains. The purpose of this paper is to argue that in order to break this deadlock, companies need to focus on the small details that make big differences to customers.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper builds on interviews with executives in successful service organizations. It provides an analysis of differentiation strategies in diverse service organizations across consumption contexts, nations and cultures around the world.

Findings
– The paper develops three research propositions and argues for radical approaches to help service organizations truly understand customers and provide service experiences that engage and delight them. The paper argues that the new challenge for marketing is to help companies find and implement these small details to make a large impact on the overall customer experience.

Originality/value
– In order to truly understand the customer experience, we need a holistic view of all interactions customers have with a company. We need to understand the customer-firm interactions at all touch points, that is, during search, purchase, consumption and post-consumption. Customer experience involves the customers’ cognitive, affective, emotional, social and sensory responses to the firm. The originality of this research lies in the focus on the small details that make a difference to customers during the service process rather than in the final outcome of the service performance.
Systems thinking and alternative business model for responsible tourist destination
Authors: Peric Marko , Djurkin Jelena 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
– Providing a new approach to the destination management oriented on the social responsibility and keeping the interests of local community at the forefront of tourism development. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– Key concepts from systems theory, stakeholder management and social enterprises theories are rethought from the perspective of tourist destination. Main characteristics of the model of community-based organisational structure are identified as well as demands for socially responsible practices and a case study method is used for holistic and in-depth analysis on a real community-based tourism enterprise (CBTE).

Findings
– The paper proposed innovative socially responsible organisational business model aiming to serve the interests of local community. Interlinking the economic and social objectives in managing the tourist offer on destination level is the critical issue when cooperation of various stakeholders is concerned.

Originality/value
– The paper provides new insight on organising the tourism offer in the destination by using CBTE model. Findings might give impetus for new lines of research oriented on socially sustainable organisational models for responsible destinations. Recommendations suggested by the paper can be used in designing new destination management organisations oriented on developing community-based tourism practices in socially responsible manner.
A systems thinking-based grey model for sustainability evaluation of urban tourism
Authors: Wang Zheng-Xin , Pei Lingling 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
– This research aims to establish an index system and a grey comprehensive evaluation model for analyzing the sustainability of urban tourism.

Design/methodology/approach
– The sustainability evaluation of urban tourism is regarded as a multi-level and multi-index evaluation problem in this study. The evaluation index system of urban tourism sustainable development is constructed based on the ideas of holism and systems thinking. Then based on grey system correlation analysis theory, a new evaluation model is proposed to effectively solve the complex and uncertain problems in the sustainability evaluation system of urban tourism. An actual example of the five cities (Nanjing, Zhenjiang, Changzhou, Wuxi and Suzhou) in Southern Jiangsu Province of China is adopted to demonstrate the feasibility and practicability of the proposed model.

Findings
– The grey comprehensive evaluation model can effectively convert the complex indices into comprehensive optimal membership degrees which are easy to be understood. The empirical study on the urban tourism sustainable development of South of Jiangsu found that: Suzhou, Nanjing and Wuxi were in the basic stage of sustainable development; Changzhou and Zhenjiang were in the preliminary stage of sustainable development. The social responsibility fulfillment of urban tourism in five cities fails to reach a satisfactory level, especially Zhenjiang and Changzhou remain in a low level in fulfillment of social responsibility.

Research limitations/implications
– Due to the difficulty of data collection, the authors can only use the data on 2010 to do a static evaluation in this study. If the authors can have more data on different years, it is feasible to develop a dynamic evaluation model to analyze the evolution law of the sustainability of urban tourism.

Practical implications
– The evaluation results provide the necessary support to assist the tourism management departments of the five cities with their policy making.

Originality/value
– This study not only supplements the evaluation modelling methods widely used in the area of tourism management, but also promotes the development of the grey systems theory itself.
Systemic thinking for socially responsible innovations in social tourism for people with disabilities
Authors: Zenko Zdenka , Sardi Valentina 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
– Socially responsible innovative behaviour should reduce the incidence of one-sidedness in the behaviour of persons employed or active in tourism organizations. People with disabilities are often poorly integrated, even in the advanced societies. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– With a requisitely holistic approach in dialectical systems theory and an overview of relevant literature, the common characteristics of tourists with disabilities are briefly described. A dialectical systemic analysis was used to determine whether people with disabilities want to travel and what their requirements are. A questionnaire was used to identify their recent travelling experiences; tourism organizations were interviewed about their experiences, too. A model of a travel agency, specialized for people with disabilities, is presented.

Findings
– The usual approach to people with special needs is too one-sided. A more requisitely holistic approach to understanding their needs in tourism, based on existing literature and an empirical analysis, is presented. A more innovative management of tourism organizations is proposed, increasing social responsibility (SR).

Research limitations/implications
– The authors contribute to the integration of people with disabilities in society, focusing on innovation in the management of tourism organizations.

Practical implications
– This new, more systemic and socially responsible innovative management in tourism is widely applicable. Tourists with disabilities, their family members, and their travelling companions could become more included in tourist activities and represent a potentially significant share of the market. A requisitely holistic approach can provide advantages for tourists with disabilities and tourism organizations.

Originality/value
– The concepts were not found in available literature neither is the selection of viewpoints of dialectical systems thinking and SR in tourism. They support understanding, designing and managing activities in tourism for people with various limitations or specific needs.
Reliability analysis of an ACA attached flex-on-board assembly for industrial application
Authors: Kiilunen Janne , Frisk Laura 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the long-term reliability of an anisotropic conductive adhesive (ACA) attached polyethylene terephthalate (PET) flex-on-board (FOB) assembly for industrial application used in harsh environments. In addition, the possibility of reducing reliability testing time was studied.

Design/methodology/approach
– A−40/+125°C thermal cycling test with 5- and 14-minute soak times was used to study the reliability. To study the functionality of the FOB assembly during testing, a real-time resistance measurement was used together with a 90° peel strength test. Failure analysis was performed on samples using scanning electron microscopy and cross sectioning.

Findings
– No failures or noticeable increase in the measured resistance values were seen during testing. The peel strength, however, decreased significantly with both soak times used. The highest drop in the mechanical strength occurred at the start of the temperature cycling tests. The time spent at the high temperature extreme seemed to have a greater impact on the peel strength than the number of temperature cycles. The failure mode of peel tested samples changed due to temperature cycling from interfacial delamination to cohesive failure. The temperature cycling was also observed to induce voiding inside the adhesive.

Originality/value
– The paper illustrates the applicability of ACA attached PET flex in high reliability industrial applications. Additionally, testing methods for high reliability adhesive interconnections are discussed. Especially, the effect of temperature cycling soak time on peel test results and reliability testing time is studied.
Ectoparasitism and stress hormones: strategy of host exploitation, common host–parasite history and energetics matter
Authors: St. Juliana Justin R. , Khokhlova Irina S. , Wielebnowski Nadja , Kotler Burt P. , Krasnov Boris R. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryParasites are thought to have numerous negative effects on their hosts. These negative effects may be associated with stress in a host.We evaluated the effects of four species of flea ectoparasites (Parapulex chephrenis,Synosternus cleopatrae,Xenopsylla conformisandXenopsylla ramesis) on non‐specific responses of eight species of rodents (Meriones crassus,Gerbillus dasyurus,Gerbillus andersoni,Gerbillus pyramidum,Gerbillus nanus,Acomys cahirinus,Acomys russatusandMesocricetus auratus) and measured faecal glucocorticoid metabolites concentrations (FGMC) produced by the hosts.We found no effect of body mass of an individual rodent onFGMCs. Parasitism by fleas with a ‘stay on the host body’ exploitation strategy was associated with higher hostFGMCs than parasitism by fleas that spent most of their life ‘off‐host’.FGMCs among rodents infested by the same flea species were correlated positively with the phylogenetic distance of a given rodent from the principal host of this flea; changes inFGMCs were lower in the host species more closely related to the flea's principal host. Changes inFMGCs of a host while parasitized were correlated with a host's change in body mass, where hosts that lost more body mass had higherFGMCs.Our results suggest that ectoparasitism can be stressful to their hosts. However, the occurrence of parasite‐induced stress seems to depend on the identity of both host and parasite species and the evolutionary history of a host–parasite association. To our knowledge, this is the first multispecies study to evaluate the effect of ectoparasites on glucocorticoid hormones in small mammals.
Racialization and Rescaling: Post‐Katrina Rebuilding and the LouisianaRoadHome Program
Authors: Gotham Kevin Fox 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis article examines the interlocking nature of racialization and rescaling in post‐KatrinaNewOrleans, focusing specifically on the implementation of theLouisianaRoadHome program, the largest housing recovery program inUShistory. Based on interviews and long‐term ethnographic fieldwork, I conceptualize theRoadHome program as a racialized spatial strategy to revalorize disaster‐devastated spaces and enhance the exchangeability of damaged property. I trace the logic of rescaling in post‐KatrinaNewOrleans and reveal the ways in which state policies to accelerate the turnover time of flood‐damaged housing reflect and reinforce the racialization of space.NewOrleans stands as a valuable laboratory for the study of government intervention under conditions of widespread upscaling, downscaling and outscaling processes, pushing trends found elsewhere to their limits while revealing the negative consequences of rescaling for local institutions and residents. The article illustrates the localized dynamics of rescaling in times of crisis and offers a novel processual account of the drivers and consequences of rescaling processes in a disaster‐impacted territory.
Factors associated with the change in prevalence of cardiomyopathy at delivery in the period 2000–2009: a population‐based prevalence study
Authors: Grotegut CA , Kuklina EV , Anstrom KJ , Heine RP , Callaghan WM , Myers ER , James AH 
Published: March 2014

ObjectiveCardiomyopathy (CM) at delivery is increasing in prevalance. The objective of this study was to determine which medical conditions are attributable to this increasing prevalance.DesignPopulation prevalence study from 2000 to 2009.SettingThe Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS).SamplePregnant women admitted for delivery were identified in the NIS for the years 2000–2009.MethodsTemporal trends in pre‐existing medical conditions and in medical and obstetric complications at delivery admissions were determined by linear regression. The change in the prevalence of CM among all pregnant women was compared with the change in the prevalance of CM among pregnant women without pre‐existing conditions or complications.Main outcome measurePrevalence of CM.ResultsThe prevalence of CM increased from 0.25 per 1000 deliveries in 2000 to 0.43 per 1000 deliveries in 2009 (P < 0.0001). Women with chronic hypertension had increased odds of developing CM compared with women without chronic hypertension (odds ratio, OR, 13.2; 95% confidence interval, 95% CI, 12.5–13.7). The linear increase in chronic hypertension over the 10‐year period was the single identified pre‐existing medical condition that explained the increasing prevalence of CM at delivery (P = 0.005 for the differences in slopes for linear trends).ConclusionsPregnant women with chronic hypertenion are at an increased risk for CM at delivery, and the increasing prevalence of chronic hypertension is an important factor associated with the increasing prevalence of CM at the time of delivery. Among women without chronic hypertension, the prevalence of CM at delivery did not change during the time period.
Extent of mismatch between the period of circadian clocks and light/dark cycles determines time‐to‐emergence in fruit flies
Authors: Yadav Pankaj , Choudhury Deepak , Sadanandappa Madhumala K. , Sharma Vijay Kumar 
Published: March 2014

AbstractCircadian clocks time developmental stages of fruit flies Drosophila melanogaster, while light/dark (LD) cycles delimit emergence of adults, conceding only during the “allowed gate.” Previous studies have revealed that time‐to‐emergence can be altered by mutations in the core clock gene period (per), or by altering the length of LD cycles. Since this evidence came from studies on genetically manipulated flies, or on flies maintained under LD cycles with limited range of periods, inferences that can be drawn are limited. Moreover, the extent of shortening or lengthening of time‐to‐emergence remains yet unknown. In order to pursue this further, we assayed time‐to‐emergence of D. melanogaster under 12 different LD cycles as well as in constant light (LL) and constant dark conditions (DD). Time‐to‐emergence in flies occurred earlier under LL than in LD cycles and DD. Among the LD cycles, time‐to‐emergence occurred earlier under T4–T8, followed by T36–T48, and then T12–T32, suggesting that egg‐to‐emergence duration in flies becomes shorter when the length of LD cycles deviates from 24 h, bearing a strong positive and a marginally negative correlation with day length, for values shorter and longer than 24 h, respectively. These results suggest that the extent of mismatch between the period of circadian clocks and environmental cycles determines the time‐to‐emergence in Drosophila.
Role of systemic inflammation scores in pulmonary metastasectomy for colorectal cancer
Authors: Mineo Tommaso Claudio , Tacconi Federico 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundPatients with pulmonary metastases from colorectal cancer can benefit from surgical removal. However, the biological determinants of postsurgical outcome are not completely elucidated. We evaluated the role of host systemic inflammation status in this setting.MethodsThe modified Glasgow prognostic score (based on serum C‐reactive protein and albumin levels) and the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte (NTL) ratio were obtained from 44 patients who received curative‐intent metastasectomy, and were used as indicators of systemic inflammation status. We tested the impact of both of these parameters on overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS), as well as their correlation with other well‐known prognosticators.ResultsFive‐year PFS and OS rates were 18% and 49%, respectively. At univariate analysis, multiple metastases, disease‐free interval <36 months, and a Glasgow score of 2 (P = 0.031) were significantly associated to a worse PFS rate. A NTL ratio >3 predicted disease progression in the short‐term (P = 0.036), but the effect on late events was weaker (P = 0.079). Factors associated with worse OS were multiple metastasis (P = 0.002), elevated carcinoembryonic antigen (P = 0.009), a Glasgow score of 2 (P = 0.029), and a faster metastasis growth (P = 0.008). At Cox regression analysis, neither a Glasgow score of 2, nor elevated NTL ratio showed an independent effect on survival rates.ConclusionsSystemic inflammation scores did not perform well as independent survival prognosticators in patients undergoing curative‐intent pulmonary metastasectomy. Further investigation is warranted to evaluate whether these measurements could still be useful when restricting the analysis to specific patient subcategories or to diverse postoperative phases.