bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theoretical analysis of magnetic wall decoupling method for radiative antenna arrays in ultrahigh magnetic field MRI
Authors: Yan Xinqiang , Xie Zhentian , Pedersen Jan Ole , Zhang Xiaoliang 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTRadiative antenna techniques, e.g., dipole and monopole, have been proposed for radiofrequency (RF) coil array designs in ultrahigh field MRI to obtain stronger B1 field and higher signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) gain in the areas deep inside human head or body. It is known that element decoupling performance is crucial to SNR and parallel imaging ability of array coil and has been a challenging issue in radiative antenna array designs for MR imaging. Magnetic wall or induced current elimination (ICE) technique has proven to be a simple and effective way of achieving sufficient decoupling for radiative array coils experimentally. In this study, this decoupling technique for radiative coil array was analyzed theoretically and verified by a simulation study. The decoupling conditions were derived and obtained from the theory. By applying the predicated decoupling conditions, the isolation of two radiative elements could be improved from about −8 dB to better than −35 dB. The decoupling performance has also been validated by current distribution along the radiative elements and magnetic field profiles in a water phantom. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 45B: 183–190, 2015
Developmental fluoxetine and prenatal stress effects on serotonin, dopamine, and synaptophysin density in the PFC and hippocampus of offspring at weaning
Authors: Gemmel Mary , Rayen Ine , Lotus Tiffany , van Donkelaar Eva , Steinbusch Harry W. , De Lacalle Sonsoles , Kokras Nikolaos , Dalla Christina , Pawluski Jodi L. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitor medication exposure during the perinatal period can have a long term impact in adult offspring on neuroplasticity and the serotonergic system, but the impact of these medications during early development is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of developmental exposure to the SSRI, fluoxetine, on the serotonergic system, dopaminergic system, and synaptophysin density in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, as well as number of immature neurons in the dentate gyrus, in juvenile rat offspring at weaning. To model aspects of maternal depression, prenatal restraint stress was used. Sprague‐Dawley rat offspring were exposed to either prenatal stress and/or fluoxetine. Main findings show that developmental fluoxetine exposure to prenatally stressed offspring decreased 5‐HT and 5‐HIAA levels and altered the dopaminergic system in the hippocampus. Prenatal stress, regardless of fluoxetine, increased synaptophysin density in the PFC. This work indicates that early exposure to maternal stress and SSRI medication can alter brain monoamine levels and synaptophysin density in offspring at weaning. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 58: 315–327, 2016.
Experimental evidence of bark beetle adaptation to a fungal symbiont
Authors: Bracewell Ryan R. , Six Diana L. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe importance of symbiotic microbes to insects cannot be overstated; however, we have a poor understanding of the evolutionary processes that shape most insect–microbe interactions. Many bark beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) species are involved in what have been described as obligate mutualisms with symbiotic fungi. Beetles benefit through supplementing their nutrient‐poor diet with fungi and the fungi benefit through gaining transportation to resources. However, only a few beetle–fungal symbioses have been experimentally manipulated to test whether the relationship is obligate. Furthermore, none have tested for adaptation of beetles to their specific symbionts, one of the requirements for coevolution. We experimentally manipulated the western pine beetle–fungus symbiosis to determine whether the beetle is obligately dependent upon fungi and to test for fine‐scale adaptation of the beetle to one of its symbiotic fungi,Entomocorticiumsp. B. We reared beetles from a single population with either a natal isolate ofE. sp. B (isolated from the same population from which the beetles originated), a non‐natal isolate (a genetically divergent isolate from a geographically distant beetle population), or with no fungi. We found that fungi were crucial for the successful development of western pine beetles. We also found no significant difference in the effects of the natal and non‐natal isolate on beetle fitness parameters. However, brood adult beetles failed to incorporate the non‐natal fungus into their fungal transport structure (mycangium) indicating adaption by the beetle to particular genotypes of symbiotic fungi. Our results suggest that beetle–fungus mutualisms and symbiont fidelity may be maintained via an undescribed recognition mechanism of the beetles for particular symbionts that may promote particular associations through time.
Differential effects of climate and species interactions on range limits at a hybrid zone: potential direct and indirect impacts of climate change
Authors: McQuillan Michael A. , Rice Amber M. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe relative contributions of climate versus interspecific interactions in shaping species distributions have important implications for closely related species at contact zones. When hybridization occurs within a contact zone, these factors regulate hybrid zone location and movement. While a hybrid zone's position may depend on both climate and interactions between the hybridizing species, little is known about how these factors interact to affect hybrid zone dynamics. Here, we utilize SDM (species distribution modeling) both to characterize the factors affecting the current location of a moving North American avian hybrid zone and to predict potential direct and indirect effects of climate change on future distributions. We focus on two passerine species that hybridize where their ranges meet, the Black‐capped (Poecile atricapillus) and Carolina (P. carolinensis) chickadee. Our contemporary climate models predict the occurrence of climatically suitable habitat extending beyond the hybrid zone forP. atricapillusonly, suggesting that interspecific interactions primarily regulate this range boundary inP. atricapillus, while climatic factors regulateP. carolinensis. Year 2050 climate models predict a drastic northward shift in suitable habitat forP. carolinensis. Because of the greater importance of interspecific interactions for regulating the southern range limit ofP. atricapillus, these climate‐mediated shifts in the distribution ofP. carolinensismay indirectly lead to a range retraction inP. atricapillus. Together, our results highlight the ways climate change can both directly and indirectly affect species distributions and hybrid zone location. In addition, our study lends support to the longstanding hypothesis that abiotic factors regulate species' poleward range limits, while biotic factors shape equatorial range limits.
Bearing Resistance of Wind Turbine Generator System
Authors: ASO TOSHIYUKI , AIDA TOMOYUKI , SEKI KAZUICHI 
Published: October 2015

SUMMARYThe vertical axis wind turbine generator is mainly used for small size wind turbine applications, and is independent of wind direction. Its rotating part (shaft unit) should be rotated by an extremely small torque so as to increase the generation efficiency. However, commercially available bearings are not necessarily suitable for the shaft unit because their static and dynamic load ratings are frequently larger than those required for the vertical axis wind turbine. As a result, the frictional force and the rotating torque of commercially available bearings are too large for the shaft unit to rotate lightly. In this study, through an experiment with an actual vertical axis wind turbine, the bearings used for the shaft unit are reviewed in accordance with IEC61400‐2. Design of a shaft unit with the bearings having the most suitable load rating and frictional force for the vertical axis wind turbine is attempted. The newly designed shaft unit will be applied to the vertical axis wind turbine and will be tested.
Variation of Noise and Magnetostriction Associated with Joint Types of Transformer Core
Authors: MIZOKAMI MASATO , KUROSAKI YOUSUKE 
Published: October 2015

SUMMARYIn order to study the acoustic noise generated by transformer cores, the impacts of the types of core joint and the number of laminations per layer on noise levels were investigated. In addition, localized magnetostrictions on transformer cores were measured with strain gages, and the differences caused by the types of core joint were investigated. The following were obtained as the results. The step‐lap configuration reduced noise levels in comparison with the conventional lap. An increase of the number of laminations per layer raised the noise levels. The differences occurred in the higher harmonic components than the fundamental component. There was a certain connection between localized magnetostriction and noise with respect to the types of core joint. The magnetostriction measured on a single sheet sample with sinusoidal excitation had less correlation with the localized magnetostriction measured on the core.
Improvement of Sensitivity of a Compact Magnetometer by Using HTS‐SQUID with Rotating Sample
Authors: HAMASAKI DAICHI , OKAMOTO NAOHIRO , SAARI MOHD MAWARDI , SAKAI KENJI , KIWA TOSHIHIKO , TSUKADA KEIJI 
Published: October 2015

SUMMARYWe have improved a previously developed compact magnetometer using HTS‐SQUID with a rotating sample. In the previous system, attenuation of the rotational speed had resulted in deformation of the averaged waveform signal, reducing the reproducibility of measurements. In this paper, we have used a better motor in order to decrease the attenuation of the rotational speed for precise averaging of the output signal and improvement of the signal‐to‐noise ratio. To improve sensitivity, we also optimized the pickup coil and compared the signal‐to‐noise ratio of circular and elliptical pickup coils having the same number of turns, resistance, and inductance. As a result, the signal‐to‐noise ratio was improved with high accuracy and the magnetometer showed a susceptibility sensitivity of 3.8× 10−9 emu.
Development of Multiresonant ZVS High‐Frequency Inverter
Authors: HATANAKA YOSHIHIRO 
Published: October 2015

SUMMARYA novel multiresonant zero‐voltage switching (ZVS) high‐frequency inverter has been developed. This inverter is capable of supplying a current of large amplitude to a load as a result of suppression of the main switch current. The principle of the ratio of the main switch current to the load current is theoretically demonstrated using the capacitance ratio. High‐frequency operation with ZVS is verified experimentally.
Does chronic raise of metal ion levels induce oxidative DNA damage and hypoxia‐like response in patients with metal‐on‐metal hip resurfacing?
Authors: Savarino Lucia , Fotia Caterina , Roncuzzi Laura , Greco Michelina , Cadossi Matteo , Baldini Nicola , Giannini Sandro 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTMetal‐on‐metal hip resurfacing (MOM‐HR) represents a viable alternative to traditional arthroplasty. Nevertheless, in MOM coupling both metal nanoparticles and ions are released, whose toxicity remains a matter of concern. We investigated whether ‘endogenous' chronic exposure to cobalt and chromium induced a state of oxidative stress, DNA damage and a hypoxia‐like response in patients with well‐functioning MOM‐HR. Twenty‐two patients with unilateral MOM‐HR were recruited at long‐term. Twenty‐one osteoarthritic subjects were enrolled for comparison. Serum ion levels were measured and correlated with 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine and circulating‐free‐DNA, as markers of oxidative DNA damage. Moreover, the hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α, marker of hypoxic state, was evaluated.Ion concentrations were found to be 5‐to‐15 times higher in MOM‐HR patients than in presurgery subjects (p < 0.001); circulating‐free‐DNA, 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine, and hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α levels were not significantly different between groups and did not correlate with ion levels. Analyzing the results according to gender, MOM‐HR males had higher 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine levels (p = 0.01) compared with MOM‐HR females. Similarly, circulating‐free‐DNA values were higher in males than females, even if this difference did not reach statistical significance.This research is the first that attempted to investigate the long‐term effects of ion dissemination in subjects with well‐fixed MOM implants. A significant correlation between biomarkers increase and ion levels was not demonstrated. Nevertheless, both circulating‐free‐DNA and 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine showed a tendency to increase in MOM‐HR males. Further studies with a larger sample size should be performed to detect the clinical relevance of biomarkers increase especially in younger subjects, where a chronic moderately elevated exposure has to be faced. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 460–466, 2017.
Translational Research and Plasma Proteomic in Cancer
Authors: Santini Annamaria Chiara , Giovane Giancarlo , Auletta Adelaide , Di Carlo Angelina , Fiorelli Alfonso , Cito Letizia , Astarita Carlo , Giordano Antonio , Alfano Roberto , Feola Antonia , Di Domenico Marina 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTProteomics is a recent field of research in molecular biology that can help in the fight against cancer through the search for biomarkers that can detect this disease in the early stages of its development. Proteomic is a speedily growing technology, also thanks to the development of even more sensitive and fast mass spectrometry analysis. Although this technique is the most widespread for the discovery of new cancer biomarkers, it still suffers of a poor sensitivity and insufficient reproducibility, essentially due to the tumor heterogeneity. Common technical shortcomings include limitations in the sensitivity of detecting low abundant biomarkers and possible systematic biases in the observed data. Current research attempts are trying to develop high‐resolution proteomic instrumentation for high‐throughput monitoring of protein changes that occur in cancer. In this review, we describe the basic features of the proteomic tools which have proven to be useful in cancer research, showing their advantages and disadvantages. The application of these proteomic tools could provide early biomarkers detection in various cancer types and could improve the understanding the mechanisms of tumor growth and dissemination. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 828–835, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Expression profiling of heat shock genes in a scuttle fly Megaselia scalaris (Diptera, Phoridae)
Authors: Malewski Tadeusz , Bogdanowicz Wiesław , Durska Ewa , Łoś Marta , Kamiński Marcin , Kowalewska Katarzyna 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTThe Phoridae are a family of small, hump‐backed flies, dominating in post‐fire areas. Some of these flies are probably able to survive a fire as an egg, larva, or pupa, and may be adapted to the fire‐altered environment at the genomic level. In this study, we describe the influence of short‐term temperature treatment on the expression of seven heat shock protein genes in the third‐instar larvae and imagoes of a scuttle fly Megaselia scalaris—one of the cosmopolitan and polyphagous phorids. In terms of the response to temperature treatment, these genes tested against tubulin as a reference split into three classes. The first class consists of hsp22 (larvae), hsp23 (larvae), and hsp26 (both larvae and imagoes), and is upregulated at the lowest temperature (33°C). The second class consists of hsp22 (imagoes), hsp23 (imagoes), hsp40 (larvae and imagoes), and hsp70 (larvae and imagoes), and is upregulated or induced at 37°C. Expression of genes of the third class (hsp27 and hsp83—larvae and imagoes) increased after treatment at 41°C temperature. Expression of the first two classes of genes occurred at a temperature lower than the LT50 of larvae and imagoes. The fact that there is a gap between the temperature upregulating hsp genes and the temperature leading to the loss of viability suggests that not only the level of hsp gene expression but also the temperature at which gene expression increased is important in an adaptation of M. scalaris to harsh environment. J. Exp. Zool. 323A: 704–713, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assessment of tumor response to oxygen challenge using quantitative diffusion MRI in an animal model
Authors: Zhang Zhongwei , Yuan Qing , Zhou Heling , Zhao Dawen , Li Li , Gerberich Jenifer L. , Mason Ralph P. 
Published: October 2015

PurposeTo assess tumor response to oxygen challenge using quantitative diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Materials and MethodsA well‐characterized Dunning R3327‐AT1 rat prostate cancer line was implanted subcutaneously in the right thigh of male Copenhagen rats (n = 8). Diffusion‐weighted images (DWI) with multiple b values (0, 25, 50, 100, 150, 200, 300, 500, 1000, 1500 s/mm2) in three orthogonal directions were obtained using a multishot FSE‐based Stejskal‐Tanner DWI sequence (FSE‐DWI) at 4.7T, while rats breathed medical air (21% oxygen) and with 100% oxygen challenge. Stretched‐exponential and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) models were used to calculate and compare quantitative diffusion parameters: diffusion heterogeneity index (α), intravoxel distribution of diffusion coefficients (DDC), tissue diffusivity (Dt), pseudo‐diffusivity (Dp), and perfusion fraction (f) on a voxel‐by‐voxel basis.ResultsA significant increase of α (73.9 ± 4.7% in air vs. 78.1 ± 4.5% in oxygen, P = 0.0198) and a significant decrease of f (13.4 ± 3.7% in air vs. 10.4 ± 2.7% in oxygen, P = 0.0201) were observed to accompany oxygen challenge. Correlations between f and α during both air and oxygen breathing were found; the correlation coefficients (r) were −0.90 and −0.96, respectively. Positive correlations between Dt and DDC with oxygen breathing (r = 0.95, P = 0.0003), f and DDC with air breathing were also observed (r = 0.95, P = 0.0004).ConclusionQuantitative diffusion MRI demonstrated changes in tumor perfusion in response to oxygen challenge. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;42:1450–1457.
Sexual Behavior and Concerns in a Sample of Elderly, Former Indentured Swiss Child Laborers
Authors: Rechsteiner Karin , Burri Andrea , Maercker Andreas 
Published: October 2015

Abstract

Introduction
Past research suggests a link between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and an increased risk for sexual problems. However, there is still no clear picture whether these higher rates are related to trauma exposure or to PTSD itself.

Aim
The aim of the present study was to complement existing knowledge on the relative impact of trauma and PTSD on sexuality in later life, considering different aspects of trauma exposure on both men and women.

Methods
The study was conducted on a unique population sample of former Swiss indentured child laborers (55 men, Mage 78, age range 60–95 years) who have repeatedly experienced a variety of severe childhood traumas.

Main Outcome Measures
Sexual outcomes were measured using two scales from the Trauma Symptom Inventory—Dysfunctional Sexual Behavior (DSB) and Sexual Concerns (SC). PTSD symptoms and trauma were assessed with the Short Screening Scale for PTSD and the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, respectively.

Results
Twenty-two individuals showed PTSD symptoms, and 53 reported having experienced childhood trauma. Significant differences between men and women were reported for DSB and SC. Men reported a significantly higher prevalence of both SC and DSB compared with women.

Conclusions
This is the very first study investigating DSB and SC in a sample of older adults exposed to similar traumatic experiences and settings. However, some study limitations need to be considered such as the small sample size. Additional studies are needed to further explore the relative role of traumatization and PTSD on sexual behavior and well-being, especially to improve sexual therapy for patients who experience trauma.
Painful Ejaculation with Cyclobenzaprine: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Kraus Molly B. , Wie Christopher S. , Gorlin Andrew W. , Wisenbaugh Eric S. , Rosenfeld David M. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract

Introduction
Sexual dysfunction is a well-known side effect of antidepressants. Painful ejaculation is a rare side effect that has been reported with the use of some psychiatric drugs such as triclyclic antidepressants. Cyclobenzaprine is a muscle relaxant that is structurally similar to tricyclic antidepressants. It is the most commonly prescribed muscle relaxant in the United States and accounts for 18% of all prescriptions written for chronic back pain.

Methods
A 55-year-old man was referred to our pain medicine clinic for evaluation and treatment of pain with ejaculation.

Main outcome Measure
The main outcome measure was to review the current published literature and case reports on painful ejaculation from medication use, in particular tricyclic antidepressants.

Results
After discontinuation of cyclobenzaprine, our patient's sexual dysfunction resolved. This result was consistent with the literature reviewed on the topic.

Conclusion
Painful ejaculation is likely an underreported side effect of tricyclic antidepressants and cyclobenzaprine use. Fortunately, these symptoms are reversible and discontinuation of these medications is typically an effective cure.
Natural capital, unnatural markets?
Authors: Millward‐Hopkins Joel T. 
Published: October 2015

This short opinion article is intended to provoke debate around the use of market mechanisms and financial incentives as strategies to mitigate climate change and other ecological issues. It does so by synthesizing schools of thought that critique the ‘naturalization’ of the market and examining these within the context of environmental politics. The article first briefly reviews the most serious criticisms of market‐ and incentive‐based approaches to environmental issues, drawing upon literature from sociology, (steady‐state) economics, and moral and political philosophy as well as recent empirical evidence from behavioral psychology. Subsequently, with reference to anthropological observations and a number of political theorists (Michael Foucault, David Graeber and others), it outlines the contradiction between the 'naturalization' of the market (i.e., the market as a phenomena that emerges spontaneously from natural human self‐interest) and the explicit function of the state within neoliberalism to construct markets and market subjects. Finally, an argument is presented that some sectors of the environmental movement have been captured (implicitly and perhaps begrudgingly) by a naturalized vision of the market and hence, inadvertently, are supporting neoliberalism in extending market relations and cultivating market subjects. WIREs Clim Change 2016, 7:13–22. doi: 10.1002/wcc.370This article is categorized under:

Climate Economics > Economics and Climate Change
Climate, Nature, and Ethics > Comparative Environmental Values