bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prensa, geografía y monopolio. La forma de las noticias en web de periódicos de EE UU *
Authors: Barnhurst Kevin G. 
Published: September 2012

Los periódicos estadounidenses que publican ediciones electrónicas en Internet no parecen reinventarse a sí mismos online. Al contrario, las versiones web reproducen la esencia de sus ediciones impresas de un modo que resulta muy similar para los lectores. La búsqueda de historias online puede ser un proceso que conlleva numerosos saltos de página y desplazamientos por la pantalla, pero sólo unas pocas informaciones tienen elementos añadidos, como hiperenlaces a información adicional, imágenes o recursos interactivos. Las versiones de Internet no suelen añadir ni cambiar el texto de los artículos, y su presentación es visualmente escasa, especialmente comparada con la impresa, que tiene una variedad tipográfica más rica y que presenta muchas más imágenes. Los resultados sugieren que los editores de la edición impresa utilizan la presencia de Internet como un lugar de bajo coste que conserva su posición en el mercado estadounidense y levanta una barrera a la entrada de competidores regionales y alternativas ideológicas en la arena informativa de Estados Unidos.
Surgically Correctable Fetal Anomalies: Ultrasound Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Honemeyer Ulrich , Zaputovic Sanja , Turudic Tanja 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT
A significant proportion of fetal anomalies are surgically correctable. Their accurate and reliable prenatal diagnosis is of great importance, and will have significant influence on both postnatal and postsurgical outcome. The influence of prenatal diagnosis of simple structural defects will interfere with organ development. In the light of recent achievements, traditional teratology has to be reexamined more critically.

How to cite this article
Zaputovic S, Stanojevic M, Honemeyer U, Turudic T, Kurjak A. Surgically Correctable Fetal Anomalies: Ultrasound Diagnosis and Management. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2012;6(3):237-256.
Baseline Scan and Ultrasound Diagnosis of PCOS
Authors: Nagori CB 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT
Success of any assisted reproductive technology is dependent on selection of correct stimulation protocol. This is based on prestimulation assessment of female to assess ovarian response and reserve. But, this assessment can also be done by ultrasound scan on 2nd to 3rd day of menstrual cycle, named as ‘baseline scan’. This scan is done to categorize ovary into one of the four types: Normal ovaries, low reserve ovaries, poorly responding ovaries and polycystic ovaries. Patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome have variable pictures of ovaries on ultrasound. Understanding the evolution of polycystic ovarian syndrome can explain these variations. Moreover, ultrasound findings can also be correlated with the biochemical and hormonal derangements. This scan also predicts the ovarian reserve and response that can guide to decide the stimulation protocols for ART. This scan includes the use of b mode, Doppler and 3D ultrasound with 3D power Doppler. It consists of assessing ovarian size, antral follicle count (AFC), stromal echogenecity and stromal flow chiefly. Dose calculation is chiefly done based on ovarian volume, AFC and stromal flow.

How to cite this article
Panchal S, Nagori CB. Baseline Scan and Ultrasound Diagnosis of PCOS. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2012;6(3):290-299.
Untreated Cleft Palate a Unique Surgical Contraindication in Carcinoma of the Pyriform Fossa
Authors: Naik Sudhir M 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTBackground/objectivesSwallowing problems following total laryngectomy are significantly lesser compared to other partial laryngectomies as a permanent seperation between the trachea and esophagus is seen in the earlier. Sometimes, the patient complains of difficulty in propelling bolus through the oral cavity and pharynx as a result of the loss of hyoid bone, which is the anchor for the tongue. The increased pressure in the narrowed pharyngoesophageal segment following laryngectomy requires the tongue to move with greater force.SettingDepartment of Head and Neck Oncosurgery, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru.Case reportA 52-year-old man with history of difficulty and pain while swallowing and diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma of the right pyriform fossa extending to the pharyngoepiglottic fold. Incidently, the patient had an old untreated cleft palate. Assessment of the pharyngeal wall involvement on direct laryngoscopy proved that pectoralis major myocutaneous flap patch was needed to reconstruct the pharyngeal lumen. Cleft palate proved a contraindication for surgery as the oral swallowing phase would be affected.ConclusionCurrent management protocols of hypopharyngeal cancers include multifactorial assessment of anatomical and functional outcomes and rehabilitation. Even though no literature is found stating cleft palate as the contraindication for total laryngectomy, chemoradiation was preferred citing swallowing problems.How to cite this articleNaik SM. Untreated Cleft Palate a Unique Surgical Contraindication in Carcinoma of the Pyriform Fossa. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2012;2(1):33-36.
Smooth Earning, Annual Compensation and CEO Characteristics
Authors: Charfeddine Lanouar , Bouaine Wided , Smida Housine 
Published: September 2012

The systems of compensation remain the main mean to reduce the conflicts of interests between chiefs executives officers (CEOs) and the shareholders. The CEOs compensation is supposed to be positively correlated with the performance of the company. Consequently, the CEOs can managed profits to determine their level of compensation or to increase the part of cash and/or options in compensation. This paper investigates the relationship between the discretionary accruals and annual compensation, current performance, future performance, level of debts and total of assets by using a panel data analysis. Empirical results show that the CEO smoothes results of the company in order to have an evolutionary compensation. Moreover, we showed that the tenure and the proportion of property increase the opportunities of this smoothing and decreases the opportunism of the CEOs as soon as they are rooted.
Preformed Antibiotic-Loaded Cement Spacers for Two-Stage Revision of Infected Total Hip Arthroplasty. Long-Term Results
Authors: Romanò Carlo L. , Romanò Delia , Albisetti Alessandra , Meani Enzo 
Published: September 2012

Two-stage revision is the most widely accepted and performed intervention for chronically infected hip prosthesis and different interim spacers have been proposed. In recent years, antibiotic-loaded preformed spacers have become available on the market. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the long-term results of two-stage revision with preformed spacers and uncemented hip prosthesis for the treatment of septic hip prosthesis. From 2000 to 2010, 183 consecutive patients underwent two-stage revision of septic hip prosthesis, with a same protocol, including preformed antibiotic-loaded cement spacer and a cementless modular hip revision prosthesis and four to six weeks antibiotic administration. Clinical and radiologic assessment at a minimum follow-up of two years was performed. At a minimum two years follow-up, 10 patients (5.4%) had had an infection recurrence, four (2.2%) an aseptic loosening and four more required partial revision of the modular components of the prosthesis, because of hip instability/dislocation; 21 patients died or were lost to follow-up. Considering all the reasons for revision, survivorship at eleven years was 93.9%. Harris Hip Score improved from 29.1 ± 14.6 pre-operatively to 41.1 ± 15.9 after spacer implant and 81.7 ± 17.6 after hip revision. The main complications after spacer implant included: spacer dislocation (16.4%), intra-operative femoral fractures (2.7%), and thromboembolism (2.1%). Complications after hip revision were: instability/dislocation (4,3%), intra-operative femoral fractures (1.6%), and thromboembolism (3.3%). Two-stage revision of septic hip prosthesis with preformed antibiotic-loaded spacers and cementless hip prosthesis provides satisfactory long-term results, with reduced complications.
The Political Perspective of Corporate Social Responsibility: A Critical Research Agenda
Authors: Whelan Glen 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT:I here advance a critical research agenda for the political perspective of corporate social responsibility (Political CSR). I argue that whilst the ‘Political’ CSR literature is notable for both its conceptual novelty and practical importance, its development has been hamstrung by four ambiguities, conflations and/or oversights. More positively, I argue that ‘Political’ CSR should be conceived as one potentialformof globalization, and not as aconsequenceof ‘globalization’; that contemporary Western MNCs should be presumed to engage in CSR for instrumental reasons; that ‘Political’ CSR should be associated with a corresponding ‘political’ model of corporate governance; and that both a ‘Rawlsian’ and ‘Habermasian’ perspective of Political CSR are different from ‘Political’ CSR. In concluding, I use these four critiques to identify a number of areas within which increasingly robust and sophisticated positive and normative theories of Political CSR are required.
Neural Stem Cell Grafting Counteracts Hippocampal Injury-Mediated Impairments in Mood, Memory, and Neurogenesis
Authors: Hattiangady Bharathi , Shetty Ashok K. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe hippocampus is vital for functions such as mood and memory. Hippocampal injury typically leads to mood and memory impairments associated with reduced and aberrant neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus. We examined whether neural stem cell (NSC) grafting after hippocampal injury would counteract impairments in mood, memory, and neurogenesis. We expanded NSCs from the anterior subventricular zone (SVZ) of postnatal F344 rat pups expressing the human placental alkaline phosphatase and grafted them into the hippocampus of young adult F344 rats at 5 days after an injury inflicted through a unilateral intracerebroventricular administration of kainic acid. Analyses through forced swim, water maze, and novel object recognition tests revealed significant impairments in mood and memory function in animals that underwent injury and sham-grafting surgery. In contrast, animals that received SVZ-NSC grafts after injury exhibited mood and memory function comparable to those of naïve control animals. Graft-derived cells exhibited excellent survival and pervasive migration, and they differentiated into neurons, subtypes of inhibitory GABAergic interneurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and oligodendrocyte progenitors. Significant fractions of graft-derived cells also expressed beneficial neurotrophic factors such as the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, fibroblast growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor. Furthermore, SVZ-NSC grafting counteracted the injury-induced reductions and abnormalities in neurogenesis by both maintaining a normal level of NSC activity in the subgranular zone and providing protection to reelin+ interneurons in the dentate gyrus. These results underscore that early SVZ-NSC grafting intervention after hippocampal injury is efficacious for thwarting mood and memory dysfunction and abnormal neurogenesis.
Représentations des jeunes précaires à propos de leurs pratiques dans le monde du travail et de la vie quotidienne
Authors: Grell Paul 
Published: September 2012

L’analyse qualitative se fonde ici sur un échantillon représentatif (n=37) de jeunes francophones de l’Est du Nouveau-Brunswick qui ont eu une scolarité faible au cours de leurs études secondaires. Cet article vise à comprendre les modes d’expression de sujets vivant dans un espace-temps à haut risque où se creusent les écarts entre l’imaginaire « fonctionnel-rationnel » ambiant et leur vie effective. Ces jeunes précaires développent un art de vivre, une culture fondée sur la reconnaissance du quotidien.
Intervenir auprès des survivants de guerre, de torture et de violence organisée : compte-rendu d’un projet de recherche entre l’Université Wilfrid Laurier et le Centre de santé communautaire de Hamilton et Niagara
Authors: Diallo Lamine , Lafrenière Ginette 
Published: September 2012

Depuis une vingtaine d’années, le visage de l’immigration au Canada a changé profondément. Avec une immigration d’environ 165 000 personnes entre 2000 et 2001 (Statistiques Canada, 2003), le Canada qui se déclare une société multiculturelle est toujours à la recherche d’une insertion harmonieuse de ces nouveaux arrivants. Aujourd’hui, le pays accueille de plus en plus des personnes immigrantes et réfugiées provenant de pays ravagés par la guerre ou la violence politique. Plusieurs d’entre elles sont des francophones et des francophiles (personnes n’ayant pas le français comme langue officielle, mais qui choisissent le français comme nouvelle langue) qui proviennent d’Asie, d’Afrique et d’Amérique latine. Nous constatons qu’un grand nombre de ces nouveaux immigrants souffrent de problèmes post-traumatiques. Cet article expose les résultats d’une recherche du Centre de santé communautaire de Hamilton-Niagara (CSCH), laquelle visait à identifier les meilleures pratiques s’adressant à ces nouveaux immigrants dont une proportion importante souffre de problèmes d’adaptation.
Les Franco-Ontariens : la résistance comme mode de vie
Authors: Welch David 
Published: September 2012

Dans un premier temps, ce texte décrit certaines des grandes transformations sociales, économiques et politiques ayant marqué la communauté franco-ontarienne depuis le dix-neuvième siècle, ainsi que certaines des conséquences de ces transformations pour l'intervention sociale et communautaire. Par la suite, l'auteur suggère des pistes de réflexions vers lesquelles la recherche et l'intervention pourraient s'orienter pour mieux s'adapter aux réalités actuelles de cette population.
La toile de fond qui sous-tend cet article se base sur une vision dynamique de la communauté franco-ontarienne, vision qui présente cette population non comme victime, mais plutôt comme actrice engagée dans la transformation de la communauté.
Les pères dans l’histoire : un rôle en évolution
Authors: St-Denis Josée , St-Amand Nérée 
Published: September 2012

Ces bribes d’histoire de la paternité nous renseignent sur l’origine de quelques lois, traditions, croyances, moeurs qui ont marqué l’évolution du rôle des pères. Quelle place occupaient-ils? Quelles lois ont influencé leur rôle au sein de la famille? Comment leurs responsabilités ont-elles évolué à travers le temps? Ces questions nous ont motivés à effectuer une première recherche sur l’historique de la paternité dans le cadre de notre mémoire de maîtrise en service social (St-Denis-Patry, 2002). Sept ans plus tard, du mémoire à l’article, nous y avons ajouté un bilan de nos recherches sur la paternité et, avec l’aide du co-auteur, nous proposons certaines réflexions sur des enjeux sociaux qui s’y relient.
Cet article présente d’abord quelques volets de l’histoire de la paternité en touchant brièvement la période de l’Antiquité, le Moyen-âge en France et l’ère préindustrielle et industrielle, tant en France qu’au Québec. Par la suite, nous proposons quelques liens entre certains phénomènes sociaux contemporains comme le divorce, la monoparentalité et la garde partagée et les nouveaux rôles des pères. Une réflexion sur certaines conséquences de tels changements au niveau de l’intervention sociale conclura ce texte.
Caractérisation des eaux thermales de l'ensemble Sud sétifien. Est algérien
Authors: Boudoukha Abderrahmane , Athamena Malika 
Published: September 2012

Le Sud sétifien, situé au nord-est algérien, est le siège de plusieurs aquifères renfermant parfois de l’eau chaude dont la température varie entre 25 °C et 43 °C. Afin d’évaluer le potentiel en eau thermale de cet ensemble, nous avons utilisé une approche pluridisciplinaire axée sur la géologie, la géophysique, l’hydrodynamique et l’hydrochimie. Il ressort de cette approche que cet ensemble est caractérisé par la présence d’une série de horsts et de grabens. Les horsts sont formés par des calcaires et des dolomies, datés du Lias au Miocène, et les grabens ont permis l’instauration d’un système endoréique fermé occupé par des lacs salés. Ces massifs carbonatés affleurent au milieu d’une vaste plaine comblée par des formations alluvionnaires du Mio-Plio-Quaternaire. L’aperçu hydrogéologique montre que les formations du Crétacé peuvent offrir des possibilités aquifères non négligeables. L’outil hydrochimique montre que les eaux chaudes se caractérisent par la présence de trois faciès chimiques différents, le premier de type Cl-Na à l’Est, le second de type SO4-Ca au centre et le troisième de type SO4-Na à Ca à l’Ouest. Cette analyse a aussi permis d’attribuer au sodium, aux chlorures et aux sulfates une origine terrigène évaporitique, par le rapport molaire Sr2+/Ca2+. La salinité qui caractérise ces eaux thermales est principalement due à la circulation des eaux à grande profondeur dans les formations cristallophylliennes et les formations carbonatées qui sont en contact avec des formations terrigènes salifères. Le géothermomètre à silice montre que ces eaux thermales ont une température de 80 °C et que l’eau proviendrait d’une profondeur allant de 1 400 à 2 200 m à travers un système de failles qui affecte le socle. Il est montré que la baisse de la température de 40 °C est due en partie au mélange avec les eaux superficielles.
Meal Pattern Analysis of Macronutrient Intake Aafter PVN Norepinephrine and Peripheral Clonidine Administration
Authors: Leibowitz Sarah F. , Shor‐Posner Gail , Brennan Glen , Alexander Jesline T. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractNorepinephrine (NE) injected into the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus of rats is a potent stimulant of food intake, more specifically ingestion of the carbohydrate nutrient. In 2 experiments of the present study, this effect was found to be dose‐dependent, and the effectiveness of NE in potentiating total food consumption was greatly reduced when the carbohydrate diet was removed. In addition, experiments using a computer‐automated data acquisition apparatus were performed to characterize, in detail, the impact of PVN injection of NE and peripheral administration of the α2‐nor‐adrenergic agonist clonidine (CLON) on the macrostructure of feeding behavior in animals given 3 pure macronutrient diets. These 2 compounds, injected at the onset of the nocturnal feeding cycle, had very similar effects on meal patterns, with both affecting nutrient intake by increasing meal size and duration rather than by increasing meal frequency. They both affected primarily the first meal of the dark cycle, selectively enhancing carbohydrate ingestion by increasing Kcal intake, percent composition in the total diet and feeding time, and also by decreasing the satiating impact of this macronutrient. These stimulatory effects of NE and CLON on carbohydrate ingestion during the first meal were followed by complete recovery over the next 1 to 2 hours after injection. In addition to these predominant effects on carbohydrate intake, PVN NE at the highest doses tested (10 and 20 nmoles) produced a small increase in fat intake, whereas peripheral CLON actually decreased intake of fat and protein over the 12‐hour cycle. The similarities in the impact of NE and CLON on carbohydrate feeding patterns support the hypothesis that both agonists may be acting via the same PVN α2‐noradrenergic system controlling ingestion of the carbohydrate‐rich meals which predominate at dark onset.
Evidence of Commingling in Human Eating Behavior
Authors: Allison David B. , Heshka Stanley , Gorman Fbernard S. , Heymsfield Steven B. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis investigation tested whether distributions of certain aspects of eating behavior were consistent with the notion of a “mixture model;” that is, two or more distinct Commingled component distributions, consistent with the possibility of major gene action. Undergraduates (n=901) completed self‐report trait measures of hunger, disinhibition, and dietary restraint. Variables were residualized for gender and age and transformed to remove skewness. Residualized transformed distributions were tested for departure from unimodality with Hartigan's (14) dip statistic. The distributions of all three aspects of eating behavior were significantly non‐unimodal. Next, component multivariate normal distributions were estimated via maximum likelihood. Likelihood ratio tests were employed to compare nested models. A mixture of four distributions with unequal variance‐covariance matrices tit significantly better than any more parsimonious model. In sum, these data strongly suggest that the distributions of several measures of eating behavior are composed of four component distributions. This finding is consistent with the possibility of major gene effects for eating behavior.
The Influence of Human Growth Hormone (GH) and Thyroxine (T4) on the Differentiation of Adipose Tissue in the Fetus
Authors: Hausman Gary J. , Wright J. Thom , Latimer Amanda , Watson Rosetta , Martin Roy J. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractLate term fetuses from genetically obese dams have slightly larger fat cells, greater adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activities, elevated levels of thyroid hormones, and depressed growth hormone (GH) levels when compared to fetuses from lean dams. We have investigated the influence of thyroid hormone and GH status per se on these and other adipose tissue traits by chronically treating hypophysectomized (hypox) fetuses (day 70) between day 90 and 105 of gestation with either thyroxine (T4) or human GH. Treatment with T4 decreased body weights (P<.05), increased serum T4 levels (P<.05), and enhanced skin and hair development (P<.05). Quantitative analysis of sections of perirenal and subcutaneous adipose tissue indicated that T4 increased LPL activity (P<.05), slightly increased fat cell size, and more than doubled (P<.05) lipid accretion. A hypox induced deficit in fat cell cluster number in the outer layer of subcutaneous tissue was normalized by T4 (P<.05). Conversely, human GH (hGH) treatment had no influence on body weight, increased serum hGH levels, decreased fat cell size (P<.05) and LPL activity (P<.05) but had no influence on lipid accretion. Quantitative analysis of adipose tissue sections provided direct and indirect evidence of a “critical” or “sensitive” period between 90 and 105 days, since fetal hypox at day 70 severely impeded preadipocyte recruitmentheplication during this period. Furthermore, T4 but not GH effectively normalized this hypox‐induced deficiency in preadipocyte development. Therefore, T4 may have a major role in preadipocyte recruitmentheplication during late fetal life.
Serum γ‐Glutamyl Transpeptidase Levels and Hypertension in Non‐drinkers: A Possible Role of Fatty Liver in the Pathogenesis of Obesity Related Hypertension
Authors: Ikai Eriko , Noborizaka Yuka , Tsuritani Ikiko , Honda Ryumn , Ishizaki Masao , Yamada Yuichi 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe relationships between increases in body mass index (BMI) and increases in hypertension were compared between non‐drinkers with elevated serum γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase (γ‐GTP) levels (≥50 U/I) and those with normal levels, who comprised 10,952 men and 22,107 women aged 40–59 years recruited from an occupational health clinic. Hypertension was found in 16.1% and 13.5% of the men and women, and elevated serum γ‐GTP was found in 10.8% and 2.8% of the men and women, respectively. The prevalences of hypertension and elevated serum y‐GTP levels were both increased with increased BMI. Hypertension was, however, shown to be 1.5 times more prevalent in the persons with elevated serum γ‐GTP levels than in those with normal levels in both sexes, even after adjusting for BMI by a multiple logistic analysis. It can be concluded that elevations of serum γ‐GTP, which are probably a reflection of fatty liver in the non‐drinkers, are closely related to the development of hypertension associated with increased obesity.