bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seoul Virus-Infected Rat Lung Endothelial Cells and Alveolar Macrophages Differ in Their Ability To Support Virus Replication and Induce Regulatory T Cell Phenotypes
Authors: Li Wei , Klein Sabra L. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACT

Hantaviruses cause a persistent infection in reservoir hosts that is attributed to the upregulation of regulatory responses and downregulation of proinflammatory responses. To determine whether rat alveolar macrophages (AMs) and lung microvascular endothelial cells (LMVECs) support Seoul virus (SEOV) replication and contribute to the induction of an environment that polarizes CD4
+
T cell differentiation toward a regulatory T (Treg) cell phenotype, cultured primary rat AMs and LMVECs were mock infected or infected with SEOV and analyzed for viral replication, cytokine and chemokine responses, and expression of cell surface markers that are related to T cell activation. Allogeneic CD4
+
T cells were cocultured with SEOV-infected or mock-infected AMs or LMVECs and analyzed for helper T cell (i.e., Treg, Th17, Th1, and Th2) marker expression and Treg cell frequency. SEOV RNA and infectious particles in culture media were detected in both cell types, but at higher levels in LMVECs than in AMs postinfection. Expression of
Ifn
β,
Ccl5
, and
Cxcl10
and surface major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) and MHC-I was not altered by SEOV infection in either cell type. SEOV infection significantly increased
Tgf
β mRNA in AMs and the amount of programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) in LMVECs. SEOV-infected LMVECs, but not AMs, induced a significant increase in
Foxp3
expression and Treg cell frequency in allogeneic CD4
+
T cells, which was virus replication and cell contact dependent. These data suggest that in addition to supporting viral replication, AMs and LMVECs play distinct roles in hantavirus persistence by creating a regulatory environment through increased
Tgf
β, PD-L1, and Treg cell activity.
A Safe Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Platform with Two Negative Markers for Differentiating Infected from Vaccinated Animals
Authors: Uddowla Sabena , Hollister Jason , Pacheco Juan M. , Rodriguez Luis L. , Rieder Elizabeth 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTVaccination of domestic animals with chemically inactivated foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is widely practiced to control FMD. Currently, FMD vaccine manufacturing requires the growth of large volumes of virulent FMDV in biocontainment-level facilities. Here, two marker FMDV vaccine candidates (A24LL3DYRand A24LL3BPVKV3DYR) featuring the deletion of the leader coding region (Lpro) and one of the 3B proteins were constructed and evaluated. These vaccine candidates also contain either one or two sets of mutations to create negative antigenic markers in the 3D polymerase (3Dpol) and 3B nonstructural proteins. Two mutations in 3Dpol, H27Y and N31R, as well as RQKP9-12→PVKV substitutions, in 3B2abolish reactivity with monoclonal antibodies targeting the respective sequences in 3Dpoland 3B. Infectious cDNA clones encoding the marker viruses also contain unique restriction endonuclease sites flanking the capsid-coding region that allow for easy derivation of custom designed vaccine candidates. In contrast to the parental A24WT virus, single A24LL3DYRand double A24LL3BPVKV3DYRmutant viruses were markedly attenuated upon inoculation of cattle using the natural aerosol or direct tongue inoculation. Likewise, pigs inoculated with live A24LL3DYRvirus in the heel bulbs showed no clinical signs of disease, no fever, and no FMD transmission to in-contact animals. Immunization of cattle with chemically inactivated A24LL3DYRand A24LL3BPVKV3DYRvaccines provided 100% protection from challenge with parental wild-type virus. These attenuated, antigenically marked viruses provide a safe alternative to virulent strains for FMD vaccine manufacturing. In addition, a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay targeted to the negative markers provides a suitable companion test for differentiating infected from vaccinated animals.
Intranasal Treatment with Poly(I·C) Protects Aged Mice from Lethal Respiratory Virus Infections
Authors: Zhao Jincun , Wohlford-Lenane Christine , Zhao Jingxian , Fleming Erica , Lane Thomas E. , McCray Paul B. , Perlman Stanley 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACT
In the 2002-2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) epidemic, no patients under 24 years of age died, while mortality was greater than 50% in those over 65 years. Greater than 90% of all deaths from influenza A virus (IAV) occur in the elderly (>65 years of age). To address this age-related susceptibility to SARS-CoV and IAV, we infected C57BL/6 (B6) mice with mouse-adapted SARS-CoV (MA15) or IAV (PR8), both of which cause severe disease in aged mice. Intranasal pretreatment of aged mice with poly(I·C) (a TLR3 agonist) and, to a lesser extent, CpG, R848, or lipopolysaccharide (TLR9, TLR7/8, or TLR4 agonists), provided a high level of protection [90% to 100% survival rate after poly(I·C) treatment] against lethal MA15 or IAV challenge and reduced pathological changes and virus loads in the lungs at early times after infection. Poly(I·C) pretreatment upregulated beta interferon (IFN-β), IFN-γ, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) gene expression in the lungs. Intranasal pretreatment with IFN-β or IFN-γ but not IL-1β or TNF also protected aged mice, consistent with the notion that poly(I·C) pretreatment functioned, at least in part, by inducing IFN-β and IFN-γ. We also identified a potential cellular target for poly(I·C) by showing that treatment inhibited virus replication in primary human airway epithelial cells. These results suggest that intranasal poly(I·C) should be evaluated as a prophylactic agent in aged individuals at high risk for contracting SARS-CoV or IAV infections.
Complete Genome Analysis of Porcine Enterovirus B Isolated in Korea
Authors: Moon Hyoung-Joon , Song DaeSub , Seon Bo Hyeon , Kim Hye-Kwon , Park Seong-Jun , An Dong-Jun , Kim Jong-Man , Kang Bo-Kyu , Park Bong-Kyun 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACT
The complete genome sequence of porcine enterovirus B (PEV-B) from a Korean isolate was analyzed. The genome size was 7,393 bp. Previously, full genome sequences of PEV-B had been reported from the United Kingdom, Hungary, and China. The Korean PEV-B isolate presented polyprotein gene nucleotide sequence similarities of 77.9, 73.7, 78.9, and 80.3%, respectively, to PEV-B UKG/410/73, LP54, PEV15, and Chinese strains (Ch-ah-f1).
Entire Genomic Sequence of Novel Canine Papillomavirus Type 13
Authors: Lange Christian E. , Ackermann Mathias , Favrot Claude , Tobler Kurt 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTPapillomaviruses are associated with benign and malignant neoplasias of the skin and mucous membranes. The sequence of a novel canine papillomavirus was determined from DNA detected in the oral cavity of a dog. The sequence of the novel virus canine papillomavirus type 13 (CPV13) shares the highest levels of similarity with the Tau papillomaviruses CPV2 and CPV7.
Genome Sequence of an Unusual Human G10P[8] Rotavirus Detected in Vietnam
Authors: Matsushima Yuki , Nakajima Etsuko , Nguyen Tuan Anh , Shimizu Hideaki , Kano Atsuko , Ishimaru Yoko , Phan Tung Gia , Ushijima Hiroshi 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACT
A rare human G10P[8] rotavirus with a reassortment between bovine and human viruses was detected from a patient with acute gastroenteritis in Vietnam. Genetic analysis using complete coding sequences of all segments showed a genomic constellation of this virus of G10-P[8]-I1-R1-C1-M1-A1-N1-T1-E1-H1. Its VP7 region was genetically related to that of a bovine rotavirus derived from Australia (strain VICG10.01), whereas all other genes were identical to those of a human rotavirus derived from Australia (strain Victoria/CK00047). These results indicate a possibility that the reassortment of the rotavirus was caused by immune escape in Australia and the rotavirus was carried to Vietnam. Additionally, this finding will help further understanding the evolution of rotaviruses circulating in Vietnam.
Complete Genome of the Human Norovirus GIV.1 Strain Lake Macquarie Virus
Authors: Eden John-Sebastian , Lim Kun Lee , White Peter A. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACT
Norovirus is an important human pathogen that is now recognized as the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis globally. Six viral genogroups have been described, although only genogroups GI, GII, and GIV are known to infect humans, with the GII viruses most commonly identified in both outbreak and sporadic settings. In contrast, infections by GIV viruses are rarely reported, and their overall prevalence in the community is unknown. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of the human GIV.1 strain Lake Macquarie virus, which caused two linked outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis in aged-care facilities in the Hunter region of New South Wales, Australia. The Lake Macquarie virus genome was 7,527 nucleotides (nt) in length and shared highest identity (70%) with the recently completed feline GIV.2 virus genome.
Genome Sequence of the Broad-Host-Range Pseudomonas Phage Φ-S1
Authors: Sillankorva Sanna , Kropinski Andrew M. , Azeredo Joana 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACT

The broad-host-range lytic
Pseudomonas
phage Φ-S1 possess a 40,192 bp double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genome of 47 open reading frames (ORFs) and belongs to the family
Podoviridae
, subfamily
Autographivirinae
, genus
T7likevirus
.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Novel H9N2 Subtype Influenza Virus FJG9 Strain in China Reveals a Natural Reassortant Event
Authors: Xie Qingmei , Yan Zhuanqiang , Ji Jun , Zhang Huanmin , Liu Jun , Sun Yue , Li Guangwei , Chen Feng , Xue Chunyi , Ma Jingyun , Bee Yingzuo 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACT
A/chicken/FJ/G9/09 (FJ/G9) is an H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus (H9N2 AIV) strain causing high morbidity that was isolated from broilers in Fujian Province of China in 2009. FJ/G9 has been used as the vaccine strain against H9N2 AIV infection in Fujian Province of China. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of FJ/G9 with natural six-way reassortment, which is the most complex genotype strain in China and even in the world so far. The present findings will aid in understanding the complexity and diversity of H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus.
Complete Genome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Phage PA26
Authors: Kim Min Soo , Cha Kyung Eun , Myung Heejoon 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACT

PA26, a novel lytic bacteriophage infecting
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
, was isolated, and the whole genome was sequenced. It was found to belong to the myoviridae by an electron microscopic observation. It had a linear double-stranded DNA genome of 72,321 bp. Genomic analysis showed that it resembled another
Pseudomonas
phage, LIT1.
Escherichia coli O157:H7 Typing Phage V7 Is a T4-Like Virus
Authors: Kropinski Andrew M. , Lingohr Erika J. , Moyles Dianne M. , Chibeu Andrew , Mazzocco Amanda , Franklin Kristyn , Villegas Andre , Ahmed Rafiq , She Yi-Min , Johnson Roger P. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACT

The complete genome sequence of the
Escherichia coli
O157:H7 typing phage V7 was determined. Its double-stranded DNA genome is 166,452 bp long, encoding 273 proteins and including 11 tRNAs. This virus belongs to the genus T4-like viruses within the subfamily
Tevenvirinae
, family
Myoviridae
.
Complete Genome Sequence Analysis of a Reference Strain of Bluetongue Virus Serotype 16
Authors: Maan Sushila , Maan Narender S. , Singh Karam Pal , Belaganahalli Manjunatha N. , Guimera Marc , Pullinger Gillian , Nomikou Kyriaki , Mertens Peter P. C. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACT
The entire genome of the reference strain of bluetongue virus (BTV) serotype 16 (strain RSArrrr/16) was sequenced (a total of 23,518 base pairs). The virus was obtained from the Orbivirus Reference Collection (ORC) at IAH, Pirbright, United Kingdom. The virus strain, which was previously provided by the Onderstepoort Veterinary Research Institute in South Africa, was originally isolated from the Indian subcontinent (Hazara, West Pakistan) in 1960. Previous phylogenetic comparisons show that BTV RNA sequences cluster according to the geographic origins of the virus isolate/lineage, identifying distinct BTV topotypes. Sequence comparisons of segments Seg-1 to Seg-10 show that RSArrrr/16 belongs to the major eastern topotype of BTV (BTV-16e) and can be regarded as a reference strain of BTV-16e for phylogenetic and molecular epidemiology studies. All 10 genome segments of RSArrrr/16 group closely with the vaccine strain of BTV-16 (RSAvvvv/16) that was derived from it, as well as those recently published for a Chinese isolate of BTV-16 (>99% nucleotide identity), suggesting a very recent common ancestry for all three viruses.
A Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus MicroRNA and Its Variants Target the Transforming Growth Factor β Pathway To Promote Cell Survival
Authors: Lei Xiufen , Zhu Ying , Jones Tiffany , Bai Zhiqiang , Huang Yufei , Gao Shou-Jiang 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACT
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling regulates cell growth and survival. Dysregulation of the TGF-β pathway is common in viral infection and cancer. Latent infection by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is required for the development of several AIDS-related malignancies, including Kaposi's sarcoma and primary effusion lymphoma (PEL). KSHV encodes more than two dozen microRNAs (miRs) derived from 12 pre-miRs with largely unknown functions. In this study, we show that miR variants processed from pre-miR-K10 are expressed in KSHV-infected PEL cells and endothelial cells, while cellular miR-142-3p and its variant miR-142-3p_-1_5, which share the same seed sequence with miR-K10a_ +1_5, are expressed only in PEL cells and not in uninfected and KSHV-infected TIME cells. KSHV miR-K10 variants inhibit TGF-β signaling by targeting TGF-β type II receptor (TβRII). Computational and reporter mutagenesis analyses identified three functional target sites in the TβRII 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR). Expression of miR-K10 variants is sufficient to inhibit TGF-β-induced cell apoptosis. A suppressor of the miRs sensitizes latent KSHV-infected PEL cells to TGF-β and induces apoptosis. These results indicate that miR-K10 variants manipulate the TGF-β pathway to confer cells with resistance to the growth-inhibitory effect of TGF-β. Thus, KSHV miRs might target the tumor-suppressive TGF-β pathway to promote viral latency and contribute to malignant cellular transformation.
Tiller organization within the tussock grass Schizachyrium scoparium: a field assessment of competition–cooperation tradeoffs
Authors: Derner Justin D. , Briske David D. , Polley H. Wayne 
Published: August 2012

Tussock grasses are characterized by a compact spatial arrangement of tillers that contributes to intense intratussock competition. This investigation was designed to directly assess the magnitude of competition among autonomous subunits of tillers within individual tussocks (i.e., integrated physiological units) to further define the mechanisms of tiller organization within this successful growth form. Experimentally constructed tussocks of Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx. Nash) were grown in the field in central Texas, USA, for 2 years with 1, 4, 8, or 12 autonomous subunits to span the range observed in naturally occurring local populations. Increasing numbers of subunits per tussock did not affect tiller density or the mean mass of individual vegetative or reproductive tillers, but it did intensify intratussock competition as evidenced by a large reduction in total tiller mass and number per subunit. This pattern of tiller organization is indicative of a division of labor within the tussock that is manifested as a tradeoff between competition among autonomous subunits and cooperation among tillers within these physiologically integrated subunits. We conclude that an increasing number of autonomous subunits associated with tussock basal expansion contributes to coarse-scale resource preemption and competitive ability, while resource sharing among tillers within subunits supports new tiller establishment and growth within this highly competitive microenvironment.
d-Propranolol protects against oxidative stress and progressive cardiac dysfunction in iron overloaded rats
Authors: Kramer Jay H. , Spurney Christopher F. , Iantorno Micaela , Tziros Constantine , Chmielinska Joanna J. , Mak I. Tong , Weglicki William B. 
Published: August 2012

d-Propranolol (d-Pro: 2–8 mg·(kg body mass)–1·day–1) protected against cardiac dysfunction and oxidative stress during 3–5 weeks of iron overload (2 mg Fe–dextran·(g body mass)–1·week–1) in Sprague–Dawley rats. At 3 weeks, hearts were perfused in working mode to obtain baseline function; red blood cell glutathione, plasma 8-isoprostane, neutrophil basal superoxide production, lysosomal-derived plasma N-acetyl-β-galactosaminidase (NAGA) activity, ventricular iron content, and cardiac iron deposition were assessed. Hearts from the Fe-treated group of rats exhibited lower cardiac work (26%) and output (CO, 24%); end-diastolic pressure rose 1.8-fold. Further, glutathione levels increased 2-fold, isoprostane levels increased 2.5-fold, neutrophil superoxide increased 3-fold, NAGA increased 4-fold, ventricular Fe increased 4.9-fold; and substantial atrial and ventricular Fe-deposition occurred. d-Pro (8 mg) restored heart function to the control levels, protected against oxidative stress, and decreased cardiac Fe levels. After 5 weeks of Fe treatment, echocardiography revealed that the following were depressed: percent fractional shortening (%FS, 31% lower); left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (LVEF, 17%), CO (25%); and aortic pressure maximum (Pmax, 24%). Mitral valve E/A declined by 18%, indicating diastolic dysfunction. Cardiac CD11b+ infiltrates were elevated. Low d-Pro (2 mg) provided modest protection, whereas 4–8 mg greatly improved LVEF (54%–75%), %FS (51%–81%), CO (43%–78%), Pmax(56%–100%), and E/A >100%; 8 mg decreased cardiac inflammation. Since d-Pro is an antioxidant and reduces cardiac Fe uptake as well as inflammation, these properties may preserve cardiac function during Fe overload.
Protective effects of dexrazoxane against acute ischaemia/reperfusion injury of rat hearts
Authors: Neckář Jan , Boudíková Adéla , Mandíková Petra , Štěrba Martin , Popelová Olga , Mikšík Ivan , Dabrowská Ludmila , Mráz Jaroslav , Geršl Vladimír , Kolář František 
Published: August 2012

Dexrazoxane (DEX), an inhibitor of topoisomerase II and intracellular iron chelator, is believed to reduce the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protects the heart from the toxicity of anthracycline antineoplastics. As ROS also play a role in the pathogenesis of cardiac ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, the aim was to find out whether DEX can improve cardiac ischaemic tolerance. DEX in a dose of 50, 150, or 450 mg·(kg body mass)–1was administered intravenously to rats 60 min before ischaemia. Myocardial infarct size and ventricular arrhythmias were assessed in anaesthetized open-chest animals subjected to 20 min coronary artery occlusion and 3 h reperfusion. Arrhythmias induced by I/R were also assessed in isolated perfused hearts. Only the highest dose of DEX significantly reduced infarct size from 53.9% ± 4.7% of the area at risk in controls to 37.5% ± 4.3% without affecting the myocardial markers of oxidative stress. On the other hand, the significant protective effect against reperfusion arrhythmias occurred only in perfused hearts with the dose of DEX of 150 mg·kg–1, which also tended to limit the incidence of ischaemic arrhythmias. It is concluded that DEX in a narrow dose range can suppress arrhythmias in isolated hearts subjected to I/R, while a higher dose is needed to limit myocardial infarct size in open-chest rats.
Cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses associated with children’s physical activity during self-paced games
Authors: Belcastro Angelo N. , Morrison Katherine S. , Hicks Emma , Matta Helin 
Published: August 2012

The aim of this study was to explore the possibility of identifying clusters of children’s games based on estimated energy expenditures and (or) intensity when performed in a guided active play format. The study also investigated whether the identified active play game clusters were repeatable when the games were performed on different days. Children (9.7 ± 1.1 years; n = 12) were assessed for oxygen consumption, heart rate, energy expenditure (EE), and metabolic equivalent (MET) on a treadmill (at 4, 6, and 8 km·h–1(0% grade)). HR and ActiGraph GT1M accelerometer (ACC) generated linear regression equations were used to estimate EE. The ACC (3 s epochs) were used for estimating METs in assigning percent time at medium–vigorous physical activity (%MVPA) of 10 self-paced games. The results showed a consistent range of EEs (ACC-equation) from 13.57 kcal·(5 min)–1to 25.00 kcal·(5 min)–1(p < 0.05); EEs (HR-equation) from 29.72 to 42.49 kcal·(5 min)–1(p < 0.05); and %MVPA from 10% to 34% (p < 0.05) (from ACC equations) across all games. These were reproducible from day to day (p > 0.05). This study confirms the existence of active play children’s game clusters that might be useful in formatting guided active play in a dose–response manner for children.
Natural and anthropogenic substrates affect movement behavior of the Southern Graycheek Salamander (Plethodon metcalfi)
Authors: Semlitsch R.D. , Ecrement S. , Fuller A. , Hammer K. , Howard J. , Krager C. , Mozeley J. , Ogle J. , Shipman N. , Speier J. , Walker M. , Walters B. 
Published: August 2012

Movement behavior is a critical process that interacts with landscape structure to affect population connectivity and persistence in fragmented or altered landscapes. The purpose of our study was to test whether different substrates (forest litter, soil, grass, gravel, and asphalt) found in fragmented forested landscapes affected the movement behavior of the Southern Graycheek Salamander (Plethodon metcalfi Brimley, 1912). Latency period of the salamanders was highest on grass substrate and significantly lower only on soil substrate. Sinuosity of the movement path of salamanders was lowest and contained more turns in grass and was significantly higher than only gravel and asphalt substrates. Velocity of the salamanders was highest on asphalt substrate but was not different from gravel substrate. Velocity was higher on asphalt than on grass, forest, or soil, and velocity was higher on gravel than on grass substrate. The results indicated that P. metcalfi reacted differently to natural and anthropogenic substrates, and we suggest that these behavioral differences could have both positive and negative implications for movement success and habitat resistance in forested landscapes fragmented by roads and development.
GENERIC QUANTUM MARKOV SEMIGROUPS, CYCLE DECOMPOSITION AND DEVIATION FROM EQUILIBRIUM
Authors: FAGNOLA FRANCO , UMANITÀ VERONICA 
Published: August 2012

A generic quantum Markov semigroup [Formula: see text] of a d-level quantum open system with a faithful normal invariant state ρ admits a dual semigroup [Formula: see text] with respect to the scalar product induced by ρ. We show that the difference of the generators [Formula: see text] can be written as the sum of a derivation 2i[H, ⋅] and a weighted difference of automorphisms [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is a family of cycles on the d levels of the system, wc are positive weights and [Formula: see text] are unitaries. This formula allows us to represent the deviation from equilibrium (in a "small" time interval) as the superposition of cycles of the system where the difference between the forward and backward evolution is written as the difference of a reversible evolution and its time reversal. Moreover, it generalises cycle decomposition of Markov jump processes. We also find a similar formula with partial isometries instead of unitaries.