bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of genomic mutation and immunohistochemistry of platelet‐derived growth factor receptors in canine vascular tumours
Authors: Abou Asa S. , Mori T. , Maruo K. , Khater A. , El‐sawak A. , Abd el‐Aziz E. , Yanai T. , Sakai H. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe examined whether mutation of the platelet‐derived growth factor receptor protein tyrosine kinase (PDGFR)‐α and PDGFR‐β genes contributes to their overexpression in canine vascular tumours. Genomic sequences of trans‐ or juxtamembrane regions of PDGFR‐α and PDGFR‐β were analysed with immunohistochemical staining and polymerase chain reaction‐direct sequencing using DNA from paraffin‐embedded neoplastic tissues of 27 hemangiosarcomas (HSAs) and 20 hemangiomas (HAs). Immunohistochemically, 75% of the HA cases were positive for PDGFR‐α and almost most of the HA cases were negative for PDGFR‐β. Of the HSA cases, 55.6% were negative for PDGFR‐α and 63% were strongly positive for PDGFR‐β. Among the HA cases, 1 missense mutation was detected in PDGFR‐α exon 18 and 1 in PDGFR‐β exon 17. Two HSA cases had missense mutations in exon 14 and 1 in exon 17 of PDGFR‐β. Thus, genomic mutation of trans‐ or juxtamembrane regions of PDGFRs was not the main mechanism driving the activation of receptors in HSA and HA.
The diagnostic relevance of NT‐proBNP and proANP 31–67 measurements in staging of myxomatous mitral valve disease in dogs
Authors: Wolf Johanna , Gerlach Nicola , Weber Karin , Klima André , Wess Gerhard 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundThere is no agreement in current publications regarding the reliability of serum concentrations of natriuretic peptides (NPs) to detect dogs with subclinical myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) and to differentiate between asymptomatic stages.ObjectivesWe sought to compare N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) and pro‐atrial natriuretic peptide 31‐67 (proANP) concentrations between various stages of canine MMVD and to investigate the influence of age, weight, and sex.MethodsIn this prospective study, dogs were classified in different disease stages using the modified Canine Heart failure International Expert Forum (CHIEF) system. Serum NP concentrations were compared between groups.ResultsA total of 559 samples from 116 healthy dogs and 236 dogs with MMVD were analyzed. Using cut‐off values (1207 pmol/L for NT‐proBNP, 1578 fmol/mL for proANP), dogs with MMVD with and without congestive heart failure (CHF) could be differentiated with a sensitivity of 83% for both and specificities of 85% and 86%, respectively. Dogs staged in CHIEF B1 and B2 could not be distinguished based on NP concentrations due to wide variation within the groups. Intact females (means 598 pmol/L and 1036 fmol/mL, respectively) had significantly higher values of both NPs than intact males (315 pmol/L and 836 fmol/mL).ConclusionsNPs in canine MMVD are useful to discriminate between asymptomatic dogs and dogs with CHF. Due to a large overlap of NP‐concentrations between the groups, NPs do not seem to be useful to differentiate between dogs in stages B1 and B2. Interpretation of NT‐proBNP and proANP values should include consideration of sex‐specific differences.
Fusion of planning CT and cystoscopy images for bladder tumor delineation: A feasibility study
Authors: Dees‐Ribbers Hermine M. , Pos Floris J. , Betgen Anja , Bex Axel , Hulshof Maarten C. C. M. , Remeijer Peter , van Herk Marcel 
Published: April 2013

Purpose:Bladder tumor delineation and localization during treatment are challenging problems in radiotherapy for bladder cancer. The purpose of this study is to investigate improvement of tumor delineation by the fusion of cystoscopy images with the planning CT‐scan using lipiodol markers injected around the visible tumor during cystoscopy.Methods:A registration method was developed for the fusion of cystoscopy images with a planning CT‐scan and was tested on a phantom and retrospectively on the imaging data of four bladder cancer patients. For the patients, small deposits of lipiodol were injected at the visible margin of the tumor or previous transurethral resection site during cystoscopy. These deposits were clearly visible on the planning CT‐scan and served as markers for both tumor delineation and image guidance of the radiotherapy treatment. Here, the markers were used for the registration of cystoscopy images with the planning CT‐scan. The registration procedure works as follows: First, coarse registrations were made to orient the cystoscopy image correctly, using the center of gravity of the markers, the center of the CT bladder, and one of N markers as fiducial points in a point matching procedure. Starting from these N orientations, full registrations are performed taking lens deformation into account. Since a cystoscopy image is 2D, each pixel corresponds to a line‐of‐sight. The distances between the CT markers and the lines‐of‐sight of the cystoscopy markers were minimized. The final cost function (the root mean square distance between corresponding CT markers and lines‐of‐sight) was used to quantify the quality of the registration. The registration with the lowest final cost was considered to represent the correct orientation. The CT‐based tumor delineation was finally backprojected onto the cystoscopy image.Results:The fusion of cystoscopy images with a planning CT‐scan succeeded for the phantom and three out of four patients. The fiducial registration error (FRE) for the phantom image registration based on five markers was 1.1 mm, while the target registration error was 1.2–1.7 mm. The FREs for the patient images were 0.1–3.6 mm. The registration procedure failed for one patient, since it was not possible to indicate unambiguously the corresponding lipiodol marker locations in the cystoscopy image and the planning CT‐scan. The difference between the CT and cystoscopy defined tumor outlines clearly exceeded the registration accuracy.Conclusions:Registration of cystoscopy images and planning CT‐scan is feasible and allows for improvement of tumor delineation. However, the lipiodol injection protocol needs to be improved to facilitate identification of markers on both cystoscopy images and planning CT‐scans.
Prezygotic and Postzygotic Control of Uniparental Mitochondrial DNA Inheritance in Cryptococcus neoformans
Authors: Gyawali Rachana , Lin Xiaorong 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT

Uniparental inheritance of mitochondrial DNA is pervasive in nonisogamic higher eukaryotes during sexual reproduction, and postzygotic and/or prezygotic factors are shown to be important in ensuring such an inheritance pattern. Although the fungus
Cryptococcus neoformans
undergoes sexual production with isogamic partners of opposite mating types
a
and α, most progeny derived from such mating events inherit the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from the
a
parent. The homeodomain protein complex Sxi1α/Sxi2
a
, formed in the zygote after
a-
α cell fusion, was previously shown to play a role in this uniparental mtDNA inheritance. Here, we defined the timing of the establishment of the mtDNA inheritance pattern during the mating process and demonstrated a critical role in determining the mtDNA inheritance pattern by a prezygotic factor, Mat2. Mat2 is the key transcription factor that governs the pheromone sensing and response pathway, and it is critical for the early mating events that lead to cell fusion and zygote formation. We show that Mat2 governs mtDNA inheritance independently of the postzygotic factors Sxi1α/Sxi2
a
, and the cooperation between these prezygotic and postzygotic factors helps to achieve stricter uniparental mitochondrial inheritance in this eukaryotic microbe.

IMPORTANCE
Mitochondrial DNA is inherited uniparentally from the maternal parent in the majority of eukaryotes. Studies done on higher eukaryotes such as mammals have shown that the transmission of parental mitochondrial DNA is controlled at both the prefertilization and postfertilization stages to achieve strict uniparental inheritance. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying such uniparental mitochondrial inheritance have been investigated in detail mostly in anisogamic multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we show that in a simple isogamic microbe,
Cryptococcus neoformans
, the mitochondrial inheritance is controlled at the prezygotic level as well as the postzygotic level by regulators that are critical for sexual development. Furthermore, the cooperation between these two levels of control ensures stricter uniparental mitochondrial inheritance, echoing what has been observed in higher eukaryotes. Thus, the investigation of uniparental mitochondrial inheritance in this eukaryotic microbe could help advance our understanding of the convergent evolution of this widespread phenomenon in the eukaryotic domain.
The evaluation and management of acute concussion differs in young children
Authors: Davis Gavin A , Purcell Laura K 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundThere are many reasons why concussion in children needs to be considered different from adults. The Zurich (2008) recommendations on the management of concussion in children are restricted to children less than to 10 years of age. It does not include recommendations for children aged 5–10 years. The aim of this study is to review the current literature on (1) concussion assessment at the sideline and during recovery stages, especially in the age group 5–15 years, and (2) the management of concussion in children and adolescents.MethodsA literature review using the MEDLINE database was undertaken. Articles were selected that included evaluation and/or management in children aged 5–15 years.ResultsThere are no sideline assessment tools validated for use in this age group. There are a number of different symptom scales that have been validated during different stages of the follow-up assessment in children. No single paediatric concussion assessment tool has been validated for use from sideline through to all stages of recovery. Reliability studies have been published on Balance Error Scoring System in children, but validity studies in this age group have not been published. The management of concussion includes withdrawal from play on the day and cognitive and physical rest. The priority of concussion management in children is to return to learn; while this is usually rapid, there are some children in whom a graduated return to school is required, which should include a number of accommodations.ConclusionsA young child is physically, cognitively and emotionally very different from adults, and requires the use of a different set of tools for the diagnosis, recovery-assessment and management of concussion. Age-specific, validated diagnostic tools are required, and management of concussion in children should focus attention on return to learn before considering return to play.
Risk of childhood injuries after prenatal exposure to maternal bereavement: a Danish National Cohort Study
Authors: Virk Jasveer , Li Jiong , Lauritsen Jens , Olsen Jørn 
Published: April 2013

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the risk of injuries among children exposed to a stressful life exposure (defined as bereavement) before conception or during fetal life.DesignPopulation-based cohort study.SettingDenmark.ParticipantsAll singleton births in Denmark between 1 January 1995 and 31 December 2006 were identified. These newborns were then linked to mothers, fathers, grandparents and siblings using individually assigned civil personal registration numbers.Primary and secondary outcome measuresWe identified that data on childhood injuries were obtained from the Danish National Patient Registry, which contains data on all hospital stays and outpatient visits. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were estimated from birth using log-linear Poisson regression models, and person-years were used as the offset variable. Age, residence, calendar period, maternal education, maternal income and parental-cohabitation status are treated as time-dependent variables (records were extracted from the offspring's birth year).ResultsExposure to maternal bereavement due to a father's death had the strongest association with childhood injuries, especially when the cause of death was due to a traumatic event (adjusted estimates of IRR (aIRR): 1.25, 95%CI: 0.99 to 1.58). We did not find an association for childhood injuries and maternal bereavement due to grandparent's death, and we only found an association for sibling death when restricting to deaths due to traumatic events (aIRR: 1.20, 95%CI:1.03 to 1.39).ConclusionsThe aetiology of childhood injuries is complex and may be related to events that take place during prenatal life. This study suggests that exposure to a stressful life event during gestation may be linked to injury susceptibility in childhood. However, changes in postnatal family conditions related to loss or genetic factors may also play a role.BackgroundDevelopmental plasticity related to early life exposures leading to disease programming in offspring is a theory with substantial theoretical and empirical support. Prenatal stress exposure has been linked to neurological outcomes, such as temperament, behavioural problems, cognitive function and affective disorders. If exposure modifies risk-seeking behaviour, perceived danger and reaction time, it is also expected to modify injury risk.
Association of aneurysms and variation of the A1 segment
Authors: Krasny A , Nensa F , Sandalcioglu I E , Göricke S L , Wanke I , Gramsch C , Sirin S , Oezkan N , Sure U , Schlamann M 
Published: April 2013

Background and purposePrevious studies have described a correlation between variants of the circle of Willis and pathological findings, such as cerebrovascular diseases. Moreover, anatomic variations of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) seem to correspond to the prevalence of aneurysms in the anterior communicating artery (ACoA). The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of aneurysms in patients with anatomical/morphological variations of the circle of Willis.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 223 patients who underwent cerebral angiography between January 2002 and December 2010 for aneurysm of the ACoA. Diagnostic imaging was reviewed and statistically evaluated to detect circle of Willis anomalies, aneurysm size, and rupture. 204 patients with an unrelated diagnosis served as the control group.ResultsVariations of the A1 segment occurred significantly more frequently in the aneurysm group than in the control group. Mean aneurysm size in patients with grades I and III hypoplasia or aplasia was 6.58 mm whereas in patients with grade II hypoplasia it was 7.76 mm.ConclusionsWe found that variations in the A1 segment of the ACAs are correlated with a higher prevalence of ACoA aneurysms compared with patients with a symmetric circle of Willis.
Doswelliidae: a clade of unusual armoured archosauriforms from the Middle and Late Triassic
Authors: Sues Hans-Dieter , Desojo Julia B. , Ezcurra Martín D. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Doswelliidae is a clade of armoured non-archosaurian archosauriform reptiles more closely related to Archosauria than are Proterosuchidae, Erythrosuchidae and possibly
Euparkeria capensis
. It is currently known from the late Middle Triassic (Ladinian) of Germany, the late Middle to early Late Triassic (Ladinian–Carnian) of Argentina and Brazil, and the Late Triassic (Carnian–Norian) of the USA. To date, two unambiguous synapomorphies diagnose Doswelliidae: (i) osteoderm ornamentation coarse, incised, and composed of central regular pits of subequal size and shape, and (ii) osteoderms with anterior articular lamina. Five taxa are currently recognized:
Archeopelta arborensis
,
Doswellia kaltenbachi
,
Doswellia sixmilensis, Tarjadia ruthae
and a new taxon from Germany. Based on skeletal features and occurrence, doswelliid archosauriforms may have had a semi-aquatic mode of life.
Obesity and Future Prostate Cancer Risk among Men after an Initial Benign Biopsy of the Prostate
Authors: Rundle Andrew , Jankowski Michelle , Kryvenko Oleksandr N. , Tang Deliang , Rybicki Benjamin A. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Background: In general population studies, obesity has been associated with risk of high-grade prostate cancer, but little is known about obesity and future prostate cancer risk among men with an initial benign biopsy of the prostate; a high-risk population.
Methods: Within a cohort of 6,692 men followed up after a biopsy or transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) with benign findings, a nested case–control study was conducted of 494 prostate cancer cases and controls matched on age, race, follow-up duration, biopsy versus TURP and date of procedure. Body mass index at the time of the initial procedure was abstracted from medical records, and initial biopsy specimens were reviewed for the presence of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN).
Results: Obesity was associated with the presence of PIN in the initial benign specimen [OR = 2.15; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13–4.11]. After adjustment for the matching variables, family history of prostate cancer, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels at the initial procedure, the number of PSA tests and digital rectal examinations during follow-up, obesity (OR = 1.57; 95% CI, 1.07–2.30) at the time of the initial procedure was associated with prostate cancer incidence during follow-up. Risk associated with obesity was confined to cases with follow-up less than 1,538 days, the median duration of follow-up among cases (OR = 1.95; 95% CI, 1.09–3.48).
Conclusions: Obesity is associated with the presence of PIN in benign specimens and with future prostate cancer risk after an initial benign finding.
Impact: Obesity may be a factor to consider when planning clinical follow-up after a benign biopsy. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(5); 898–904. ©2013 AACR.
Increasing Hepatitis B Screening for Hmong Adults: Results from a Randomized Controlled Community-Based Study
Authors: Chen Moon S. , Fang Dao M. , Stewart Susan L. , Ly May Ying , Lee Serge , Dang Julie H.T. , Nguyen Tram T. , Maxwell Annette E. , Bowlus Christopher L. , Bastani Roshan , Nguyen Tung T. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Background: Hepatitis B-linked liver cancer disproportionately affects Hmong Americans. With an incidence rate of 18.9 per 100,000, Hmong Americans experience liver cancer at a rate that is 6 to 7 times more than that of non-Hispanic Whites. Serologic testing for the hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a principal means to prevent liver cancer-related deaths through earlier identification of those at risk.
Methods: Academic researchers and Hmong leaders collaborated in the design, conduct, and evaluation of a 5-year randomized controlled trial testing a lay health worker (LHW) intervention to promote HBV testing among 260 Hmong adults through in-home education and patient navigation.
Results: Intervention group participants were more likely to report receiving serologic testing for HBV (24% vs. 10%, P = 0.0056) and showed a greater mean increase in knowledge score (1.3 vs. 0.3 points, P = 0.0003) than control group participants. Multivariable modeling indicated that self-reported test receipt was associated with intervention group assignment [OR 3.5; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3–9.2], improvement in knowledge score (OR 1.3 per point; 95% CI 1.02–1.7), female gender (OR 5.3; 95% CI 1.7–16.6), and having seen a doctor in the past year at baseline (OR 4.8; 95% CI 1.3–17.6). The most often cited reason for testing was a doctor's recommendation.
Conclusions: LHWs were effective in bringing about HBV screening. Doctor visits and adherence to doctors' recommendations were pivotal. Participation of health care providers is essential to increase HBV testing.
Impact: LHWs can significantly increase HBV screening rates for Hmong but their doctors' recommendation is highly influential and should be pursued. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(5); 782–91. ©2013 AACR.
Biological and Clinical Relevance of miRNA Expression Signatures in Primary Plasma Cell Leukemia
Authors: Lionetti Marta , Musto Pellegrino , Di Martino Maria Teresa , Fabris Sonia , Agnelli Luca , Todoerti Katia , Tuana Giacomo , Mosca Laura , Gallo Cantafio Maria E. , Grieco Vitina , Bianchino Gabriella , D'Auria Fiorella , Statuto Teodora , Mazzoccoli Carmela , De Luca Luciana , Petrucci Maria Teresa , Offidani Massimo , Di Raimondo Francesco , Falcone Antonietta , Caravita Tommaso , Omede' Paola , Morabito Fortunato , Tassone Pierfrancesco , Boccadoro Mario , Palumbo Antonio , Neri Antonino 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Purpose: Primary plasma cell leukemia (pPCL) is a rare and very aggressive form of plasma cell dyscrasia. To date, no information on microRNA (miRNA) expression in pPCL has been reported. This study aimed at investigating the involvement of miRNAs in pPCL and their possible relationship with higher tumor aggressiveness.
Experimental design: Global miRNA expression profiles were analyzed in highly purified malignant plasma cells from 18 pPCL untreated patients included in a prospective clinical trial. MiRNA expression patterns were evaluated in comparison with a representative series of multiple myeloma patients, in relation to the most recurrent chromosomal abnormalities (as assessed by fluorescence in situ hybridization and single-nucleotide polymorphism-array analysis), and in association with clinical outcome. MiRNA expression was also integrated with gene expression profiles in pPCL and multiple myeloma samples.
Results: We identified a series of deregulated miRNAs in pPCL (42 upregulated and 41 downregulated) in comparison with multiple myeloma. Some of them, on the basis of their reported functions and putative target genes computed by integrative analysis, might have a role in the pathobiology of pPCL. As regards chromosomal aberrations, the expression of some miRNAs mapped to hotspot altered regions was associated with DNA copy number of the corresponding loci. Finally, 4 miRNA (miR-497, miR-106b, miR-181a*, and miR-181b) were identified as having expression levels that correlated with treatment response, and 4 (miR-92a, miR-330-3p, miR-22, and miR-146a) with clinical outcome.
Conclusions: Overall, our study provides insights into the possible contribution of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of pPCL and suggests targets for future therapeutic investigations. Clin Cancer Res; 19(12); 3130–42. ©2013 AACR.