bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does Low Vitamin D Amplify the Association of COPD With Total and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality?
Authors: Lee Hwa Mu , Liu Michael , Lee Katherine , Luo Yanting , Wong Nathan D. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been shown to be associated with lower levels of vitamin D, and the latter has been associated with total and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality.HypothesisWe hypothesized that lower vitamin D levels will further enhance the association of COPD and its severity with total and CVD mortality.MethodsWe studied 7746 US adults age ≥40 years without known CVD (mean age, 59.8 years) and followed up through 2006 (8.2 ± 2.5 years) for total and CVD mortality. Serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels were categorized as tertiles: first tertile, <50.9 nm/L; second tertile, 50.9 to 73.6 nm/L; and third tertile, >73.6 nm/L. Severity of COPD was classified on the basis of forced expiratory volume per second (FEV1): mild COPD (FEV1 ≥80%) and moderate or severe COPD (FEV1 <80%), and requires a FEV1/forced vital capacity ratio <70%. With Cox regression, we examined the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for total and CVD mortality according to COPD/vitamin D category, using those with no COPD in the first tertile of vitamin D as the reference group.ResultsFrom Cox regression, unadjusted HRs increased successively with increasing COPD severity and decreasing vitamin D group to 4.5 (95% CI: 3.3‐6.1) for total and 3.4 (95% CI: 2.2‐5.3) for CVD mortality among those with moderate/severe COPD who were in the first tertile of vitamin D. After adjustment for age, sex, ethnicity, and other risk factors, these associations were attenuated but remained increased.ConclusionsLower levels of vitamin D may be associated with further increases in total and CVD mortality associated with COPD; however, age and cardiovascular risk factors appear to explain much of this association.
GABAergic and glutamatergic efferents of the mouse ventral tegmental area
Authors: Taylor Seth R. , Badurek Sylvia , Dileone Ralph J. , Nashmi Raad , Minichiello Liliana , Picciotto Marina R. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTThe role of dopaminergic (DA) projections from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) in appetitive and rewarding behavior has been widely studied, but the VTA also has documented DA‐independent functions. Several drugs of abuse, act on VTA GABAergic neurons, and most studies have focused on local inhibitory connections. Relatively little is known about VTA GABA projection neurons and their connections to brain sites outside the VTA. This study employed viral‐vector‐mediated cell‐type‐specific anterograde tracing, classical retrograde tracing, and immunohistochemistry to characterize VTA GABA efferents throughout the brain. We found that VTA GABA neurons project widely to forebrain and brainstem targets, including the ventral pallidum, lateral and magnocellular preoptic nuclei, lateral hypothalamus, and lateral habenula. Minor projections also go to central amygdala, mediodorsal thalamus, dorsal raphe, and deep mesencephalic nuclei, and sparse projections go to prefrontal cortical regions and to nucleus accumbens shell and core. These projections differ from the major VTA DA target regions. Retrograde tracing studies confirmed results from the anterograde experiments and differences in projections from VTA subnuclei. Retrogradely labeled GABA neurons were not numerous, and most non‐tyrosine hydroxylase/retrogradely labeled cells lacked GABAergic markers. Many non‐TH/retrogradely labeled cells projecting to several areas expressed VGluT2. VTA GABA and glutamate neurons project throughout the brain, most prominently to regions with reciprocal connections to the VTA. These data indicate that VTA GABA and glutamate neurons may have more DA‐independent functions than previously recognized. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:3308–3334, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Induction of early neural precursors and derivation of tripotent neural stem cells from human pluripotent stem cells under xeno‐free conditions
Authors: Nguyen Hal X. , Nekanti Usha , Haus Daniel L. , Funes Gabrielle , Moreno Denisse , Kamei Noriko , Cummings Brian J. , Anderson Aileen J. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTHuman embryonic stem cells (hESC) and induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) can differentiate into many cell types and are important for regenerative medicine; however, further work is needed to reliably differentiate hESC and hiPSC into neural‐restricted multipotent derivatives or specialized cell types under conditions that are free from animal products. Toward this goal, we tested the transition of hESC and hiPSC lines onto xeno‐free (XF) / feeder‐free conditions and evaluated XF substrate preference, pluripotency, and karyotype. Critically, XF transitioned H9 hESC, Shef4 hESC, and iPS6‐9 retained pluripotency (Oct‐4 and NANOG), proliferation (MKI67 and PCNA), and normal karyotype. Subsequently, XF transitioned hESC and hiPSC were induced with epidermal growth factor (EGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) to generate neuralized spheres containing primitive neural precursors, which could differentiate into astrocytes and neurons, but not oligoprogenitors. Further neuralization of spheres via LIF supplementation and attachment selection on CELLstart substrate generated adherent human neural stem cells (hNSC) with normal karyotype and high proliferation potential under XF conditions. Interestingly, adherent hNSC derived from H9, Shef4, and iPS6‐9 differentiated into significant numbers of O4+ oligoprogenitors (∼20–30%) with robust proliferation; however, very few GalC+ cells were observed (∼2–4%), indicative of early oligodendrocytic lineage commitment. Overall, these data demonstrate the transition of multiple hESC and hiPSC lines onto XF substrate and media conditions, and a reproducible neuralization method that generated neural derivatives with multipotent cell fate potential and normal karyotype. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:2767–2783, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Syntheses, Structures, and Luminescence Properties of Lanthanide Coordination Polymers with a Polycarboxylic Terpyridyl Derivative Ligand
Authors: Xie Juan , Shu Hui‐Ming , Hu Huai‐Ming , Han Zhong‐Xi , Shen Sa‐Sa , Yuan Fei , Yang Meng‐Lin , Dong Fa‐Xin , Xue Gang‐Lin 
Published: April 2014

AbstractSolvothermal reactions of lanthanide chloride with a new ligand, H3L, 4′‐(3‐carboxylpyridyl)‐2,2′:6′,2“‐terpyridine‐6,6”‐dicarboxylic acid, yields seven new lanthanide–organic frameworks: {[Ln2L2]⋅H2O}n (Ln=Pr (1), Nd (2), Sm (3), Eu (4)), {[Ln5L4(COO)3(H2O)4]⋅10 H2O}n (Ln=Tb (5), Dy (6)), and [Yb2L2(H2O)2]⋅2 H2O (7). Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction reveals that these complexes belong to three structural types. Type I (1–4) consists of lanthanide–carboxyl group layers pillared by L3− to form a three‐dimensional network. Type II (5 and 6) comprises a right‐handed helical chain and a left‐handed helical chain linked through L3− anions into a three‐dimensional framework. Type III (7) is a discrete dinuclear structure. The structural change is due to the decrease in the metal coordination number from nine for the large ions to seven for the small ions; this demonstrates the effect of lanthanide contraction. These materials exhibit high thermal stability. In addition, the luminescent properties of these complexes are discussed.
Regulated recruitment: native and alien fish responses to widespread floodplain inundation in the Macquarie Marshes, arid Australia
Authors: Rayner Thomas S. , Kingsford Richard T. , Suthers Iain M. , Cruz Derrick O. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractRivers and wetland ecosystems are degraded by diversions of water upstream. In response, governments have reallocated water to flood wetlands, mimicking natural inundation of habitats known to drive booms in native freshwater fish production. Individual flow events allow the ecological outcomes of restoration efforts to be evaluated, in order to improve ongoing adaptive management. This study investigated the population size and recruitment responses of seven native and three alien fish species to widespread floodplain inundation at 15 sites across the Macquarie Marshes, a regulated wetland in Australia's Murray–Darling Basin. Flooding during the late winter, when water temperatures were 4 to 12.6 °C below the spawning threshold for native fish species present in the system, promoted reproduction and recruitment by alien species, which were significantly more abundant than native species after flooding. Fish assemblage structure also differed significantly between main channel and floodplain habitats, with macrophytes, pH, emergent vegetation, flow velocity and small wood debris accounting for 59% of spatiotemporal variation in fish assemblage structure. Strong correlations were identified between the length of spawning window and post‐flood abundance of young‐of‐year and recruit size classes in the most abundant alien and native fish species. Future environmental flows, particularly those that inundate floodplain habitats, need to be delivered in light of the confounding effects of flow–temperature coupling and the lower spawning temperature thresholds of alien species. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mixed‐Valence Biferrocenium Salts of Xn–TCNQ (X = F, Cl; n = 1, 2): Correlation between Molecular Structures and Assembled Structures
Authors: Mochida Tomoyuki , Funasako Yusuke , Yamazaki Shizue , Mori Hatsumi 
Published: April 2014

AbstractCharge‐transfer salts composed of biferrocene derivatives and Xn–TCNQ (X = F, Cl; n = 1, 2; TCNQ = tetracyanoquinodimethane) were prepared and crystallographically characterized. All nine salts exhibited a 1:2 donor/acceptor (D/A) ratio consisting of mixed‐valence biferrocenium cations and anions with acceptor dimers. The packing patterns were correlated to the donor substituents. On the basis of the π–π interactions of the cations, the observed structures were classified into three categories: segregated‐stack structures for the biferrocenium and dibromo‐biferrocenium salts, mixed‐stack structures [···(DA2)n···] for the diiodo‐biferrocenium salts, and intermediate structures [···(DDA2A2)n···] for the bromo‐biferrocenium salts.
Routines and Challenges in Clinical Application of Electrochemical Ion‐Sensors
Authors: Lewenstam Andrzej 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis review provides information on application of potentiometric ion‐sensors in routine clinical analysis. The text comprises sensor design, way‐of‐use, conventions and practical recommendations, and elements of IS response theory. An instrument producer point of view, based on direct industrial involvement of the author, is emphasized.
Deutschland wird Weltmeister!?
Authors: Tolan Metin 
Published: April 2014

Abstract„Entscheidend is auf'm Platz”︁, wussten schon Adi Preißler und Otto Rehagel. Zumindest im Zahlenspiel der Fußballstatistik aber hat Jogi Löws Team eine 6,5 Mal höhere Wahrscheinlichkeit als ein „Durchschnittsteam”︁, endlich einmal wieder den Titel zu holen. Eine WM‐Prognose der wissenschaftlichen Art mit mathematischen Kniffen und Computersimulationen.
Multi‐institutional retrospective study for the evaluation of ocular function–preservation rates in maxillary sinus squamous cell carcinomas with orbital invasion
Authors: Sakashita Tomohiro , Hayashi Ryuichi , Homma Akihiro , Matsuura Kazuto , Kato Kengo , Kawabata Kazuyoshi , Monden Nobuya , Hasegawa Yasuhisa , Onitsuka Tetsuro , Fujimoto Yasushi , Iwae Shigemichi , Okami Kenji , Matsuzuka Takashi , Yoshino Kunitoshi , Fujii Masato 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this retrospective analysis was to evaluate ocular function and survival rates among treatment modalities in patients with maxillary sinus cancer with orbital invasion.MethodsEighty‐seven patients were classified according to the main treatment modality. Ocular function preservation rates and survival rates were evaluated for each therapeutic modality.ResultsThe 5‐year overall survival rate for the en bloc resection, conservative surgery, superselective intra‐arterial chemotherapy, and radiotherapy (RADPLAT), intravenous chemoradiotherapy (IV‐CRT) was 70%, 35%, 49%, and 31%, respectively. The ocular function preservation rate for each group was 15%, 27%, 30%, and 17%, respectively. In the en bloc resection group, there was no significant difference in the 5‐year overall survival rate between patients with orbital exenteration and those without orbital exenteration (72% vs 71%; p = .9321).ConclusionThe en bloc resection group showed a favorable survival rate but a low preservation rate. Preservation of orbital contents did not reduce the survival rate. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 537–542, 2015
Tephrosia toxicaria Pers. reduces temporomandibular joint inflammatory hypernociception: The involvement of the HO‐1 pathway
Authors: do Val D.R. , Bezerra M.M. , Silva A.A.R. , Pereira K.M.A. , Rios L.C. , Lemos J.C. , Arriaga N.C. , Vasconcelos J.N. , Benevides N.M.B. , Pinto V.P.T. , Cristino‐Filho G. , Brito G.A.C. , Silva F.R.L. , Santiago G.M.P. , Arriaga A.M.C. , Chaves H.V. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundWe investigated both the efficacy and the sub‐chronic toxicity of Tephrosia toxicaria Pers. in the zymosan‐induced temporomandibular joint (TMJ) inflammatory hypernociception in rats evaluating the possible role of heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1).MethodsRats were pretreated with T. toxicaria (0.2, 2.0 or 20 mg/kg) 60 min before the intra‐articular injection of zymosan (2 mg, 40 μL) in the left TMJ. In another series of experiments, rats were treated with ZnPP‐IX (3 mg/kg), a specific HO‐1 inhibitor, before T. toxicaria (20 mg/kg). Von Frey test was used to evaluate inflammatory hypernociception (g) 4 h after zymosan injection. Six hours after zymosan injection, the synovial lavage was collected for total cell count and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and joint tissue for histopathological analysis and immunohistochemistry for HO‐1. To evaluate the sub‐chronic toxicity, mice received T. toxicaria (20 mg/kg) or saline once a day for 14 days to analyse body mass, organ weight and biochemical parameters.ResultsT. toxicaria partially reversed the zymosan‐induced head withdrawal threshold, the number of cells and the MPO activity. T. toxicaria reduced the inflammatory cell influx in the synovial membrane. TMJ immunohistochemical analyses treated with T. toxicaria showed increased HO‐1 expression. These effects of T. toxicaria were not observed in the presence of ZnPP‐IX. T. toxicaria treatment for 14 days did not show significant signs of toxicity when administrated to mice.ConclusionsT. toxicaria did not produce any signs of toxicity and effectively decreased zymosan‐induced TMJ inflammatory hypernociception dependent, at least in part, upon the HO‐1 pathway integrity.
Low Serum Thyrotropin Level and Duration of Suppression as a Predictor of Major Osteoporotic Fractures—The OPENTHYRO Register Cohort
Authors: Abrahamsen Bo , Jørgensen Henrik L , Laulund Anne Sofie , Nybo Mads , Brix Thomas H , Hegedüs Laszlo 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT

The relationship between thyrotoxicosis and osteoporotic fractures remains controversial, particularly in men. Register-based cohort study including all patients with a serum thyrotropin (TSH) measurement in the region of Funen 1996–2010. All TSH determinations were done in the same lab, which served all hospitals and General Practice (GP) practices in the region. Persons with raised TSH or a history of thyroid/pituitary disease or use of thyroid medications were excluded. The study population consisted of 222,138 (96%) persons with normal and 9217 (4%) with low TSH (&lt;0.3 mIU/L). A single low TSH at baseline was associated with increased risk of hip fractures (adj HR 1.16, 95% CI 1.07–1.26, p &lt; 0.001) but not major osteoporotic fractures (MOF, adj HR 1.06, 95% CI 0.99–1.12, p = 0.058) over a median follow-up of 7.5 years. When men were analyzed separately, results did not reach statistical significance. We found a significant association between duration of thyrotoxicosis and fracture. For each 6 months in which the mean TSH value was decreased (&lt;0.3 mIU/L), hip fracture risk increased by a factor 1.07 (adj HR, 95% CI 1.04–1.10, p &lt; 0.001) and MOF by 1.05 (adj HR, 95% CI 1.03–1.07, p &lt; 0.001). Overt thyrotoxicosis was associated with an increased risk of hip fractures but not MOF. In euthyroid patients, the risk of fractures increased significantly with each SD unit of TSH decrease: Hip fracture (HR 1.45, 95% CI 1.22–1.71, p &lt; 0.001) and MOF (HR 1.32, 95% CI 1.19–1.46, p &lt; 0.001). In a population-based cohort, a single, first measurement of decreased TSH in patients without known thyroid disease was associated with an increased long-term risk of hip fracture, which remained significant in women but not in men after adjusting for confounders. Moreover, the risk of both hip fracture and MOF increased exponentially by the length of time during which TSH had remained low. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Tracking of Environmental Determinants of Bone Structure and Strength Development in Healthy Boys: An Eight-Year Follow Up Study on the Positive Interaction Between Physical Activity and Protein Intake From Prepuberty to Mid-Late Adolescence
Authors: Chevalley Thierry , Bonjour Jean-Philippe , van Rietbergen Bert , Ferrari Serge , Rizzoli René 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

High protein (&gt; median:Hprot) vs. moderate (&lt; median:MProt) intake was shown to enhance the positive impact of high physical activity (HPA) on proximal femur BMC/aBMD/Area in healthy prepubertal boys. We tested the hypothesis that this synergistic effect would track and influence bone structure and strength until mid-adolescence. BMC/aBMD/Area was measured at femoral neck (FN) and total hip (TotHip) by DXA in 176 boys at 7.4 ± 0.4 and 15.2 ± 0.5 years (± SD). Distal tibia (DistTib) microstructure and strength were also assessed at 15.2 years by high-resolution peripheral computerized tomography (HR-pQCT) and micro-finite element analysis (µFEA). The positive impact of HProt vs. MProt on FN and TotHip BMC/aBMD/Area, recorded at 7.4 years remained unabated at 15.2 years. At this age, at DistTib, HProt-HPA vs. MProt-HPA was associated (p &lt; 0.001) with larger cross-sectional area (CSA, mm2), trabecular number (Tb.N, mm−1) and lower trabecular separation (Tb.Sp, µm). The interaction between physical activity and protein intake was significant for CSA (p = 0.012) and Tb.N (p = 0.043). Under MProt (38.0 ± 6.9 g.d−1), a difference in PA from 168 ± 40 to 303 ± 54 kcal.d−1 was associated with greater stiffness (kN/mm) and failure load (N) of +0.16 and +0.14 Z-score, respectively. In contrast, under HProt (56.2 ± 9.5 g.d−1), a difference in PA of similar magnitude, from 167 ± 33 to 324 ± 80 kcal.d−1, was associated with a larger difference in stiffness and failure load of +0.50 and +0.57 Z-score, respectively. In conclusion, the positive influence of relatively HProt on the impact of HPA on proximal femur macrostructure tracks from prepuberty to mid-late puberty. At this stage, the impact of HProt on HPA is also associated with microstructural changes that should confer greater mechanical resistance to weight-bearing bones. These results underscore the importance of protein intake and exercise synergistic interaction in the early prevention of adult osteoporosis. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Major Depressive Disorder and Bone Mass in Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: Calarge Chadi A , Butcher Brandon D , Burns Trudy L , Coryell William H , Schlechte Janet A , Zemel Babette S 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Depression has been associated with reduced bone mass in adults, but the mechanisms remain unclear. In addition, little is known about the association between depression and bone health during growth and development. To address this knowledge gap, we examined bone density and structure in 222 adolescents and young adults (69% females, mean ± SD age: 19.0 ± 1.5 years), enrolled within 1 month of starting a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) or unmedicated. Psychiatric functioning was assessed with self-report and researcher-administered instruments, including the Longitudinal Interval Follow-up Evaluation for Adolescents (A-LIFE). Anthropometric and laboratory measures included dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and peripheral quantitative computed tomography scans. Linear multivariable regression analysis tested the association between depression and bone mass, after accounting for relevant confounders. The presence of current depression was associated with a significant reduction in age-sex-height-race-specific bone mineral density (BMD) and content (BMC) of total body less head and lumbar spine. The findings varied by assessment method with self-report scales, capturing symptom severity over the prior week or two, yielding the weakest associations. Depression was also associated with reduced cortical thickness and a trend for increased endosteal circumference. In contrast, generalized anxiety disorder was not associated with bone deficits. In sum, depressive illness is associated with significantly lower bone mass in youths. Future investigations must examine whether bone recovery is possible following depression remission or whether remedial interventions are warranted to optimize bone mass in order to minimize the long-term risk of osteoporosis. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
The Effect of Latitude on the Risk and Seasonal Variation in Hip Fracture in Sweden
Authors: Odén Anders , Kanis John A , McCloskey Eugene V , Johansson Helena 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Although the optimal requirement of vitamin D for skeletal health in the general community is controversial, vitamin D deficiency impairs bone mineralization and increases bone turnover via secondary hyperparathyroidism, thus accelerating bone loss and increasing fracture risk. Support for a role of vitamin D deficiency in the epidemiology of hip fracture is found in the seasonal variation of hip fracture incidence that is reported in several studies. If the association were causal, then the incidence and amplitude of the seasonal variation in hip fracture risk should vary by latitude. We addressed this hypothesis by examining the incidence of hip fracture in men and women aged 50 years or more from Sweden (latitudes 55 to 69°) between 1987 and 2009. In order to reduce double counting, only one fracture in a period of a year was counted per individual. Men contributed 104,888 fractures in 33,313,065 person years and women 264,362 fractures in 38,387,660 person years. The effects of season and latitude were examined by Poisson regression. As expected, hip fracture rates were higher in women than in men. After adjustment for age, season and population density, hip fracture incidence increased by 3.0% (95% CI: 2.7–3.2%) per degree increase in latitude for men and by 1.9% (95% CI: 1.8–2.1%) for women. There was a marked seasonal variation of hip fracture with the highest risk in February and lower by 37.5% in men and by 23.5% women during the summer. There were significant interactions of amplitude of the seasonal variation with latitude (p &lt; 0.001 for both men and women), indicating that seasonal variation during the year was more pronounced in the north of Sweden than in the south. The associations found with latitude and season is consistent with a role of vitamin D in hip fracture causation. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.