bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HydroCrowd: a citizen science snapshot to assess the spatial control of nitrogen solutes in surface waters
Authors: Breuer Lutz , Hiery Noreen , Kraft Philipp , Bach Martin , Aubert Alice H. , Frede Hans-Georg 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe organized a crowdsourcing experiment in the form of a snapshot sampling campaign to assess the spatial distribution of nitrogen solutes, namely, nitrate, ammonium and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), in German surface waters. In particular, we investigated (i) whether crowdsourcing is a reasonable sampling method in hydrology and (ii) what the effects of population density, soil humus content and arable land were on actual nitrogen solute concentrations and surface water quality. The statistical analyses revealed a significant correlation between nitrate and arable land (0.46), as well as soil humus content (0.37) but a weak correlation with population density (0.12). DON correlations were weak but significant with humus content (0.14) and arable land (0.13). The mean contribution of DON to total dissolved nitrogen was 22%. Samples were classified as water quality class II or above, following the European Water Framework Directive for nitrate and ammonium (53% and 82%, respectively). Crowdsourcing turned out to be a useful method to assess the spatial distribution of stream solutes, as considerable amounts of samples were collected with comparatively little effort.
Single cell analysis of cancer cells using an improved RT-MLPA method has potential for cancer diagnosis and monitoring
Authors: Kvastad L. , Werne Solnestam B. , Johansson E. , Nygren A. O. , Laddach N. , Sahlén P. , Vickovic S. , Bendigtsen Schirmer C. , Aaserud M. , Floer L. , Borgen E. , Schwind C. , Himmelreich R. , Latta D. , Lundeberg J. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractSingle cell analysis techniques have great potential in the cancer genomics field. The detection and characterization of circulating tumour cells are important for identifying metastatic disease at an early stage and monitoring it. This protocol is based on transcript profiling using Reverse Transcriptase Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (RT-MLPA), which is a specific method for simultaneous detection of multiple mRNA transcripts. Because of the small amount of (circulating) tumour cells, a pre-amplification reaction is performed after reverse transcription to generate a sufficient number of target molecules for the MLPA reaction. We designed a highly sensitive method for detecting and quantifying a panel of seven genes whose expression patterns are associated with breast cancer and optimized the method for single cell analysis. For detection we used a fluorescence-dependent semi-quantitative method involving hybridization of unique barcodes to an array. We evaluated the method using three human breast cancer cell lines and identified specific gene expression profiles for each line. Furthermore, we applied the method to single cells and confirmed the heterogeneity of a cell population. Successful gene detection from cancer cells in human blood from metastatic breast cancer patients supports the use of RT-MLPA as a diagnostic tool for cancer genomics.
Guided Self-Assembly of Nano-Precipitates into Mesocrystals
Authors: Liu H. , Gao Y. , Xu Z. , Zhu Y.M. , Wang Y. , Nie J.F. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe show by a combination of computer simulation and experimental characterization guided self-assembly of coherent nano-precipitates into a mesocrystal having a honeycomb structure in bulk materials. The structure consists of different orientation variants of a product phase precipitated out of the parent phase by heterogeneous nucleation on a hexagonal dislocation network. The predicted honeycomb mesocrystal has been confirmed by experimental observations in an Mg-Y-Nd alloy. The structure and lattice parameters of the mesocrystal and the size of the nano-precipitates are readily tuneable, offering ample opportunities to tailor its properties for a wide range of technological applications.
Multi-Toxin Resistance Enables Pink Bollworm Survival on Pyramided Bt Cotton
Authors: Fabrick Jeffrey A. , Unnithan Gopalan C. , Yelich Alex J. , DeGain Ben , Masson Luke , Zhang Jie , Carrière Yves , Tabashnik Bruce E. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractTransgenic crops producing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) proteins kill key insect pests, providing economic and environmental benefits. However, the evolution of pest resistance threatens the continued success of such Bt crops. To delay or counter resistance, transgenic plant “pyramids” producing two or more Bt proteins that kill the same pest have been adopted extensively. Field populations of the pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella) in the United States have remained susceptible to Bt toxins Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab, but field-evolved practical resistance to Bt cotton producing Cry1Ac has occurred widely in India. Here we used two rounds of laboratory selection to achieve 18,000- to 150,000-fold resistance to Cry2Ab in pink bollworm. Inheritance of resistance to Cry2Ab was recessive, autosomal, conferred primarily by one locus and independent of Cry1Ac resistance. We created a strain with high resistance to both toxins by crossing the Cry2Ab-resistant strain with a Cry1Ac-resistant strain, followed by one selection with Cry2Ab. This multi-toxin resistant strain survived on field-collected Bt cotton bolls producing both toxins. The results here demonstrate the risk of evolution of resistance to pyramided Bt plants, particularly when toxins are deployed sequentially and refuges are scarce, as seen with Bt cotton and pink bollworm in India.
Identification of a New Cell Population Constitutively Circulating in Healthy Conditions and Endowed with a Homing Ability Toward Injured Sites
Authors: Lo Sicco Claudia , Tasso Roberta , Reverberi Daniele , Cilli Michele , Pfeffer Ulrich , Cancedda Ranieri 
Published: November 2015

AbstractStem and progenitor cells are the critical units for tissue maintenance, regeneration and repair. The activation of regenerative events in response to tissue injury has been correlated with mobilization of tissue-resident progenitor cells, which is functional to the wound healing process. However, until now there has been no evidence for the presence of cells with a healing capacity circulating in healthy conditions. We identified a rare cell population present in the peripheral blood of healthy mice that actively participates in tissue repair. These Circulating cells, with a Homing ability and involved in the Healing process (CH cells), were identified by an innovative flowcytometry strategy as small cells not expressing CD45 and lineage markers. Their transcriptome profile revealed that CH cells are unique and present a high expression of key pluripotency- and epiblast-associated genes. More importantly, CH-labeled cells derived from healthy Red Fluorescent Protein (RFP)-transgenic mice and systemically injected into syngeneic fractured wild-type mice migrated and engrafted in wounded tissues, ultimately differentiating into tissue-specific cells. Accordingly, the number of CH cells in the peripheral blood rapidly decreased following femoral fracture. These findings uncover the existence of constitutively circulating cells that may represent novel, accessible and versatile effectors of therapeutic tissue regeneration.
Quantitative Neutron Dark-field Imaging through Spin-Echo Interferometry
Authors: Strobl Markus , Sales Morten , Plomp Jeroen , Bouwman Wim G. , Tremsin Anton S. , Kaestner Anders , Pappas Catherine , Habicht Klaus 
Published: November 2015

AbstractNeutron dark-field imaging constitutes a seminal progress in the field of neutron imaging as it combines real space resolution capability with information provided by one of the most significant neutron scattering techniques, namely small angle scattering. The success of structural characterizations bridging the gap between macroscopic and microscopic features has been enabled by the introduction of grating interferometers so far. The induced interference pattern, a spatial beam modulation, allows for mapping of small-angle scattering signals and hence addressing microstructures beyond direct spatial resolution of the imaging system with high efficiency. However, to date the quantification in the small angle scattering regime is severely limited by the monochromatic approach. To overcome such drawback we here introduce an alternative and more flexible method of interferometric beam modulation utilizing a spin-echo technique. This novel method facilitates straightforward quantitative dark-field neutron imaging, i.e. the required quantitative microstructural characterization combined with real space image resolution. For the first time quantitative microstructural reciprocal space information from small angle neutron scattering becomes available together with macroscopic image information creating the potential to quantify several orders of magnitude in structure sizes simultaneously.
Crystallization and precipitation of phosphate from swine wastewater by magnesium metal corrosion
Authors: Huang Haiming , Liu Jiahui , Jiang Yang 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis paper presents a unique approach for magnesium dosage in struvite precipitation by Mg metal corrosion. The experimental results showed that using an air bubbling column filled with Mg metal and graphite pellets for the magnesium dosage was the optimal operation mode, which could significantly accelerate the corrosion of the Mg metal pellets due to the presence of graphite granules. The reaction mechanism experiments revealed that the solution pH could be used as the indicator for struvite crystallization by the process. Increases in the Mg metal dosage, mass ratio of graphite and magnesium metal (G:M) and airflow rate could rapidly increase the solution pH. When all three conditions were at 10 g L–1, 1:1 and 1 L min–1, respectively, the phosphate recovery efficiency reached 97.5%. To achieve a high level of automation for the phosphate recovery process, a continuous-flow reactor immersed with the graphite-magnesium air bubbling column was designed to harvest the phosphate from actual swine wastewater. Under conditions of intermittently supplementing small amounts of Mg metal pellets, approximately 95% of the phosphate could be stably recovered as struvite of 95.8% (±0.5) purity. An economic analysis indicated that the process proposed was technically simple and economically feasible.
Cellular and molecular mechanisms of HGF/Met in the cardiovascular system
Authors: Gallo Simona , Sala Valentina , Gatti Stefano , Crepaldi Tiziana 
Published: November 2015

Met tyrosine kinase receptor, also known as c-Met, is the HGF (hepatocyte growth factor) receptor. The HGF/Met pathway has a prominent role in cardiovascular remodelling after tissue injury. The present review provides a synopsis of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of HGF/Met in the heart and blood vessels. In vivo, HGF/Met function is particularly important for the protection of the heart in response to both acute and chronic insults, including ischaemic injury and doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Accordingly, conditional deletion of Met in cardiomyocytes results in impaired organ defence against oxidative stress. After ischaemic injury, activation of Met provides strong anti-apoptotic stimuli for cardiomyocytes through PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)/Akt and MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) cascades. Recently, we found that HGF/Met is also important for autophagy regulation in cardiomyocytes via the mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) pathway. HGF/Met induces proliferation and migration of endothelial cells through Rac1 (Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1) activation. In fibroblasts, HGF/Met antagonizes the actions of TGFβ1 (transforming growth factor β1) and AngII (angiotensin II), thus preventing fibrosis. Moreover, HGF/Met influences the inflammatory response of macrophages and the immune response of dendritic cells, indicating its protective function against atherosclerotic and autoimmune diseases. The HGF/Met axis also plays an important role in regulating self-renewal and myocardial regeneration through the enhancement of cardiac progenitor cells. HGF/Met has beneficial effects against myocardial infarction and endothelial dysfunction: the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying repair function in the heart and blood vessels are common and include pro-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic actions. Thus administration of HGF or HGF mimetics may represent a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of both coronary and peripheral artery disease.
Collaborative Groups: Application of a Framework for Interprofessional Collaboration in a High School Setting
Authors: Tyszka Andrea Carr , DiLuzio Lynette 
Published: November 2015

Interprofessional collaboration (IPC), also referred to as interdisciplinary collaboration, is defined in the social work literature as “an effective interpersonal process that facilitates the achievement of goals that cannot be reached when individual professionals act on their own” (Bronstein, 2003, p. 299). IPC is well documented in health care literature and is largely considered best practice in both clinical & educational settings. So much so that the World Health Organization (WHO) developed a Framework for Action on Interprofessional Education (WHO, 2010) and the Canadian Interprofessional Health Collaborative (CIHC) developed a National Interprofessional Competency Framework (CIHC, 2010). According to a systematic review of collaborative models for health and education professionals working in the school settings, models of IPC are described in research but not explicitly evaluated, and there remains a need for robust research in this area (Hillier, Civetta, & Pridham, 2010). This article describes the implementation of an IPC with high school aged students in a special education classroom. The following interconnecting domains from the Canadian National Interprofessional Competency Framework (CIHC, 2010) will be discussed and described:Role ClarificationPatient/Client/Family/Community-CenteredTeam FunctioningCollaborative LeadershipInterprofessional CommunicationInterprofessional Conflict ResolutionBackground considerations, benefits, and barriers will be reviewed also.
Topological mechanics of gyroscopic metamaterials
Authors: Nash Lisa M. , Kleckner Dustin , Read Alismari , Vitelli Vincenzo , Turner Ari M. , Irvine William T. M. 
Published: November 2015

Significance
We have built a new type of mechanical metamaterial: a “gyroscopic metamaterial” composed of rapidly spinning objects that are coupled to each other. At the edges of these materials, we find sound waves that are topologically protected (i.e. they cannot be scattered backward or into the bulk). These waves, which propagate in one direction only, are directly analogous to edge currents in quantum Hall systems. Through a mathematical model, we interpret the robustness of these edge waves in light of the subtle topological character of the bulk material. Crucially, these edge motions can be controlled by distorting the metamaterial lattice, opening new avenues for the control of sound in matter.
Universal spectrum of normal modes in low-temperature glasses
Authors: Franz Silvio , Parisi Giorgio , Urbani Pierfrancesco , Zamponi Francesco 
Published: November 2015

Significance
The vibrational spectrum of glasses displays an anomalous excess of soft, low-frequency modes with respect to crystals. Such modes are responsible for many anomalies in thermodynamic and transport properties of low-temperature glasses. Many distinct proposals have been formulated to understand their origin but none of them results from the analytic solution of a microscopically grounded model. Here we solve analytically the spectrum of a simple model that belongs to the same universality class of glasses, and identify two distinct mechanisms that are responsible for the soft modes.
Superresolution imaging reveals structurally distinct periodic patterns of chromatin along pachytene chromosomes
Authors: Prakash Kirti , Fournier David , Redl Stefan , Best Gerrit , Borsos Máté , Tiwari Vijay K. , Tachibana-Konwalski Kikuë , Ketting René F. , Parekh Sapun H. , Cremer Christoph , Birk Udo J. 
Published: November 2015

Significance
The structure of the pachytene chromosome is essential to understand how genetic recombination can happen during meiosis. Using single molecule localization microscopy with DNA staining, we show that chromatin is heavily constrained by defined periodic clusters along the synaptonemal complex (SC). Staining of various posttranslational histone modifications further reveals that the pachytene chromosome is associated with three distinct nanoscale compartments. Whereas chromatin associated with active transcription emanates both axially and radially in hair-like loop structures, the chromatin associated with repressed transcription follows periodic clusters close to the central axis of the SC. These findings suggest a model showing how chromatin and epigenetic modification patterns can be incorporated within the SC to shape the pachytene chromosome.
Genome-wide association and prediction reveals the genetic architecture of cassava mosaic disease resistance and prospects for rapid genetic improvement
Authors: Wolfe Marnin D. , Rabbi Ismail Y. , Egesi Chiedozie , Hamblin Martha , Kawuki Robert , Kulakow Peter , Lozano Roberto , Del Carpio Dunia Pino , Ramu Punna , Jannink Jean-Luc 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTCassava (Manihot esculenta) is a crucial, under-researched crop feeding millions worldwide, especially in Africa. Cassava mosaic disease (CMD) has plagued production in Africa for over a century. Bi-parental mapping studies suggest primarily a single major gene mediates resistance. To be certain and to potentially identify new loci we conducted the first genome-wide association mapping study in cassava with 6128 African breeding lines. We also assessed the accuracy of genomic selection to improve CMD resistance. We found a single region on chromosome 8 accounts for most resistance but also identified 13 small effect regions. We found evidence that two epistatic loci and/or alternatively multiple resistance alleles exist at major QTL. We identified two peroxidases and one thioredoxin as candidate genes. Genomic prediction of additive and total genetic merit was accurate for CMD and will be effective both for selecting parents and identifying highly resistant clones as varieties.
E-money regulation for consumer protection
Authors: Dehghan Fariba , Haghighi Amirhossein 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to analyze the regulatory framework of e-money transactions in terms of consumer protection approach, the base for regulatory and supervisory system.

Design/methodology/approach
– This research is based on descriptive-qualitative studies in electronic and cyber commerce. The authors have first explained the importance of regulation for consumer protection and have then showed the position of regulation in e-money; thus, the authors have noted two important and predominant concepts of consumer protection: safe arrangement in e-money and problem of information secrecy and asymmetry. The leading approach in this paper is for efficient allocation of resources between dealers and player of this scope and the authors find consumer protection as the best regulation instrument in this way.

Findings
– The paper argues that e-money is an efficient and user-friendly payment system and might be used as a general means of payment in the real and virtual worlds. This finding provides a major reason for regulatory frameworks in e-money.

Originality/value
– Some important regulation applications in this new scope of commerce involve indirect interference and making orders in transactions. In this paper, the authors have focused on consumer protection regulation that may have a positive effect on dealers, businessmen and women in the long run; thus, this approach also compares other studies within the scope of e-money.
What factors influence firm perceptions of labour market constraints to growth in the MENA region?
Authors: Fakih Ali , Ghazalian Pascal L. 
Published: November 2015

Purpose– Labour market constraints constitute prominent obstacles to firm development and economic growth of countries located in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. The purpose of this paper is to examine the implications of firm characteristics, national locations, and sectoral associations for the perceptions of firms concerning two basic labour market constraints: labour regulations and labour skill shortages.Design/methodology/approach– The empirical analysis is carried out using firm-level data set sourced from the World Bank’s Enterprise Surveys database. A bivariate probit estimator is used to account for potential correlations between the errors in the two labour market constraints’ equations. The authors implement overall estimations and comparative cross-country and cross-sector analyses, and use alternative estimation models.Findings– The empirical results reveal some important implications of firm characteristics (e.g. firm size, labour compositions) for firm perceptions of labour regulations and labour skill shortages. They also delineate important cross-country and cross-sector variations. The authors also find significant heterogeneity in the factors’ implications for the perceptions of firms belonging to different sectors and located in different MENA countries.Originality/value– Reforms in labour regulations and investment in human capital are important governmental policy interventions for promoting firm development and economic growth in the MENA region. This paper contributes to the empirical literature by analysing the factors influencing the perceptions of firms located in the MENA region concerning labour regulations and labour skill shortages. It provides policy-makers with information needed in the design of labour policies that attenuate the impacts of labour market constraints and enhance the performance of firms and the long-run economic growth.
Empirical investigation of balanced scorecard’s theoretical underpinnings
Authors: Sigalas Christos 
Published: November 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this study is to investigate empirically the balanced scorecard (BSC)’s theoretical underpinnings.Design/methodology/approach– This study undertakes a cross-sectional, self-administered e-mail survey to examine the convergent and discriminant validity of the performance indicators of the BSC’s four perspectives using principal components analysis and confirmatory factor analysis.Findings– The results suggest that the performance indicators of each BSC’s perspective converge with the same perspective’s performance indicators and discriminate from other perspectives’ performance indicators.Research limitations/implications– Future researchers are invited to conduct conceptual-level tests of the BSC framework using the newly constructed subjective scales of the performance indicators of the BSC’s perspectives. Furthermore, scholars conducting empirical research on the field are encouraged to further investigate the BSC’s theoretical underpinnings using various research designs, multiple research methods and a combination of existing and new BSC’s performance indicators.Originality/value– This study contributes to the academic stream of management accounting and strategic management field by: empirically validating the BSC’s theoretical underpinnings that is a prerequisite for the BSC to advance from a framework to a theory and providing subjective scales for measuring the generic performance indicators of the BSC’s four perspectives that can be used in future research of the BSC framework’s hypotheses. In addition, the literature is enhanced with a newly developed perceptual measure of firm performance with attributes of the BSC’s four perspectives.