bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iteration schemes for rapid post‐stall aerodynamic prediction of wings using a decambering approach
Authors: Paul R. C. , Gopalarathnam A. 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYNonlinear aerodynamics of wings may be evaluated using an iterative decambering approach. In this approach, the effect of flow separation due to stall at any wing section is modeled as an effective reduction in section camber. The approach uses a wing analysis method for potential‐flow calculations and viscous airfoil lift curves for the sections as input. The calculation procedure is implemented using a Newton–Raphson iteration to simultaneously satisfy the boundary condition, which comes from potential‐flow wing theory, and drive the sectional operating points toward their respective viscous lift curves, as required for convergence. Of particular interest in this research is the calculation of the residuals during the Newton iteration. Unlike a typical implementation of the Newton iteration, the residual calculation is not performed via a straightforward function evaluation, but rather by estimating the target operating points on the input viscous lift curves. Estimation of these target operating points depends on the assumptions made in the cross‐coupling of the decambering at the different sections. This paper presents four residual calculation schemes for the decambering approach. The residual calculation schemes are compared against each other to assess computational speed and robustness. Decambering results are also compared with higher‐order computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solutions for rectangular and swept wings. Results from the best scheme compare well with the CFD solutions for the rectangular wing, motivating further development of the method. Poor predictions for the swept wings are traced to spanwise propagation of separated flow at stall, highlighting the limitations of the current approach. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical simulations of wave interactions with vertical wave barriers using the SPH method
Authors: Ni Xingye , Feng W. B. , Wu Di 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYThis paper focuses on the fluid boundary separation problem of the conventional dynamic solid boundary treatment (DSBT) and proposes a modified DSBT (MDSBT). Classic 2D free dam break flows and 3D dam break flows against a rectangular box are used to assess the performance of this MDSBT in free surface flow and violent fluid–structure interaction, respectively. Another test, water column oscillations in a U‐tube, is specially designed to reveal the applicability of dealing with two types of particular boundaries: the wet–dry solid boundary and the large‐curvature solid boundary. A comparison between the numerical results and the experimental data shows that the MDSBT is capable of eliminating the fluid boundary separation, improving the accuracy of the solid boundary pressure calculations and preventing the unphysical penetration of fluid particles. Using a 2D SPH numerical wave tank with MDSBT, the interactions between regular waves and a simplified vertical wave barrier are simulated. The numerical results reveal that the maximum horizontal force occurs at the endpoint of the vertical board, and with the enlargement of the relative submerged board length, the maximum moment grows linearly; furthermore, the relative average mass transportation under the breakwater initially increases to 11.14 per wave strike but is later reduced. The numerical simulation of a full‐scale 3D wave barrier with two vertical boards shows that the wave and structure interactions in the practical project are far more complicated than in the simplified 2D models. The SPH model using the MDSBT is capable of providing a reference for engineering designs. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigating the tradeoffs between spatial resolution and diffusion sampling for brain mapping with diffusion tractography: Time well spent?
Authors: Calabrese Evan , Badea Alexandra , Coe Christopher L. , Lubach Gabriele R. , Styner Martin A. , Johnson G. Allan 
Published: July 2014

AbstractInterest in mapping white matter pathways in the brain has peaked with the recognition that altered brain connectivity may contribute to a variety of neurologic and psychiatric diseases. Diffusion tractography has emerged as a popular method for postmortem brain mapping initiatives, including the ex‐vivo component of the human connectome project, yet it remains unclear to what extent computer‐generated tracks fully reflect the actual underlying anatomy. Of particular concern is the fact that diffusion tractography results vary widely depending on the choice of acquisition protocol. The two major acquisition variables that consume scan time, spatial resolution, and diffusion sampling, can each have profound effects on the resulting tractography. In this analysis, we determined the effects of the temporal tradeoff between spatial resolution and diffusion sampling on tractography in the ex‐vivo rhesus macaque brain, a close primate model for the human brain. We used the wealth of autoradiography‐based connectivity data available for the rhesus macaque brain to assess the anatomic accuracy of six time‐matched diffusion acquisition protocols with varying balance between spatial and diffusion sampling. We show that tractography results vary greatly, even when the subject and the total acquisition time are held constant. Further, we found that focusing on either spatial resolution or diffusion sampling at the expense of the other is counterproductive. A balanced consideration of both sampling domains produces the most anatomically accurate and consistent results. Hum Brain Mapp 35:5667–5685, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A comparison of streamflow, salt and water balances in adjacent farmland and forest catchments in south‐western Victoria, Australia
Authors: Adelana S. Michael , Dresel P. Evan , Hekmeijer Peter , Zydor Hanna , Webb John A. , Reynolds Michael , Ryan Matthew 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA study of the hydrologic effects of catchment change from pasture to plantation was carried out in Gatum, south‐western Victoria, Australia. This study describes the hydrologic characteristics of two adjacent catchments: one with 97% grassland and the other one with 62% Eucalyptus globulus plantations. Streamflow from both catchments was intermittent during the 20‐month study period. Monthly streamflow was always greater in the pasture‐dominated catchment compared with the plantation catchment because of lower evapotranspiration in the pasture‐based catchment. This difference in streamflow was also observed even during summer 2010/2011 when precipitation was 74% above average (1954–2012) summer rainfall. Streamflow peaks in the plantation‐based catchment were smaller than in the pasture‐dominated system. Flow duration curves show differences between the pasture and plantation‐dominated catchments and affect both high‐flow and low‐flow periods. Groundwater levels fell (up to 4.4 m) in the plantation catchment during the study period but rose (up to 3.2 m) in the pasture catchment. Higher evapotranspiration in the plantation catchment resulted in falling groundwater levels and greater disconnection of the groundwater system from the stream, resulting in lower baseflow contribution to streamflow. Salt export from each catchment increases with increasing flow and is higher at the pasture catchment, mainly because of the higher flow. Reduced salt loading to streams due to tree planting is generally considered environmentally beneficial in saline areas of south‐eastern Australia, but this benefit is offset by reduced total streamflow. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
12.4: Surface Exciton Properties of MgO in ZnO‐MgO Core‐Shell Quantum‐Dots
Authors: Kuang Wen‐Jian , Li Qing , Tolner Harm , Sun Shuai‐Shuai , Huang Yan , Tao Ye 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMgO crystals have been exposed to vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) radiation from a synchrotron, with energies up to 9 eV. It is concluded that bulk excitons, play an important role in the diffusion of energy inside MgO crystals, resulting in 5.77 eV (215 nm) surface exciton emission. We discuss the possible use in ZnO‐MgO core‐shell quantum‐dots (QDs), including energy band offset and charge carrier transfer.
53.1: Development of Oxide‐TFT OLED‐TV Technologies
Authors: Shih Tsung‐Hsiang , Ting Hung‐Che , Lin Pei‐Ling , Chen Chih‐Lei , Tsai Lun , Chen Chia‐Yu , Lin Li‐Fong , Liu Chun‐Hsin , Chen Chih‐Cheng , Lin Hong‐Shen , Chang Lee‐Hsun , Lin Yu‐Hsin , Hong Hong‐Jye 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe reported amorphous Indium‐Gallium‐Zinc‐Oxide (a‐IGZO) TFT OLED TV panel development in AUO. The Generation 6 (G6) threshold voltage uniformity can be lower than 0.8V. The RGB side‐by‐side OLED patterning was realized by fine metal mask. By the application of a source follower connection pixel compensation circuit, the panels driven by AUO engine show excellent characteristics. For future product performance requirement, amorphous Indium‐Tin‐Zinc‐Oxide (a‐ITZO) TFT was developing, high mobility as 33.2 cm2/Vs was achieved. Metal‐organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) system was also used to improve the mobility of IGZO TFT. To improve manufacturing efficiency of OLED process, inkjet printing technology is also under development in AUO.
61.2: Reflective Multi‐view Screen and Mobile Projectors for Communication Displays
Authors: Date Munekazu , Kawakami Tohru , Sasai Mutsumi , Ozawa Shiro , Mieda Satohi , Takada Hideaki , Suzuki Yoshito , Uchida Tatsuo 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA reflective multi‐view projection screen for portable video group communication is proposed. Its stack structure of Fresnel lens, mirror, and optical diffuser enables the directivity display that is important for video conferencing and its high optical efficiency enables the use of mobile projectors.
Preparation and characterization of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell‐derived extracellular matrix scaffolds
Authors: Xu Yan , Xu Guang‐yue , Tang Cheng , Wei Bo , Pei Xuan , Gui Jian‐chao , Min Byoung‐Hyun , Jin Cheng‐zhe , Wang Li‐ming 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of creating extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds from mesenchymal stem cells. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC)‐derived ECM (BMSC‐dECM) scaffolds were fabricated by lyophilization after crosslinking, without using a decellularization process. Acellular porcine chondrocyte‐derived ECM (AC‐dECM) scaffolds were used as a control. The surface morphology, internal structure, water uptake ratio, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility of the scaffolds, as well as the in vitro behavior of cells grown on the scaffolds were examined and compared between the two scaffold types. For the BMSC‐dECM scaffolds, the average pore size was 304.4 ± 108.2 μm, average porosity was 93.3% ± 4.5%, average compressive modulus was 6.8 ± 1.5 kPa, and average water uptake ratio exceeded 20. The BMSC‐dECM scaffolds supported the in vitro attachment and proliferation of cells, with these aspects likely being comparable to those of the AC‐dECM scaffolds. The findings of this preliminary study highlight the potential utility of BMSC‐derived ECM scaffolds for future cartilage tissue‐engineering applications. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B: 670–678, 2015.
Lymphoma of the spermatic cord: Sonographic appearance
Authors: Bertolotto Michele , Borsato Antonio , Derchi Lorenzo E. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTPrimary lymphoma of the spermatic cord is a rare disease accounting for about 1.6% of primary spermatic cord tumors. We hereby present a new case in which color Doppler ultrasound (US), contrast‐enhanced US, and MRI suggested a specific diagnosis that was subsequently confirmed pathologically. Color Doppler US revealed mostly hypoechoic, slighly hypervascular tissue surrounding the normal spermatic vessels, which was markedly hypervascular at contrast‐enhanced US. MRI showed diffuse infiltration by homogeneously enhancing tissue surrounding the spermatic vessels hypointense to testis on T2‐weighted images, isointense on T1‐weighed images, lacking fat tissue, with relatively high signal intensity on diffusion‐weighted images. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 42:509–512, 2014
Consecutive cervical length measurements as a predictor of preterm cesarean section in complete placenta previa
Authors: Sekiguchi Atsuko , Nakai Akihito , Okuda Naotaka , Inde Yusuke , Takeshita Toshiyuki 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundTo evaluate whether consecutive cervical length measurements can predict preterm cesarean section in women with complete placenta previa.MethodsSeventy‐one women with complete placenta previa were retrospectively categorized into women who delivered preterm due to massive hemorrhage (the preterm cesarean section group, n = 28) and those delivered at term (the control group, n = 43). Maternal characteristics, delivery outcomes, and cervical lengths serially measured at least every 2 weeks from 24 weeks' gestation until delivery were compared. The relationship between cervical length and preterm cesarean section was analyzed.ResultsCervical length gradually decreased with advancing gestational age. After 26 weeks' gestation, this decrease was significantly more rapid in the preterm cesarean section group. Cervical length before cesarean section in the preterm cesarean section group was significantly shorter than that in the control group. Just before cesarean section, 71.4% of the preterm cesarean section group presented with cervical lengths of ≤35 mm, whereas only 34.9% of the control group had cervical lengths of ≤35 mm (odds ratio 4.67, 95% confidence interval 1.66–13.10, p = 0.006).ConclusionsIn women with complete placenta previa, decrease in cervical length to ≤35 mm was associated with increased risk of preterm cesarean section due to massive hemorrhage. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 43:17–22, 2015
Direct observation of liquid crystals using cryo‐TEM: Specimen preparation and low‐dose imaging
Authors: Gao Min , Kim Young‐Ki , Zhang Cuiyu , Borshch Volodymyr , Zhou Shuang , Park Heung‐Shik , Jákli Antal , Lavrentovich Oleg D. , Tamba Maria‐Gabriela , Kohlmeier Alexandra , Mehl Georg H. , Weissflog Wolfgang , Studer Daniel , Zuber Benoît , Gnägi Helmut , Lin Fang 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTLiquid crystals (LCs) represent a challenging group of materials for direct transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies due to the complications in specimen preparation and the severe radiation damage. In this paper, we summarize a series of specimen preparation methods, including thin film and cryo‐sectioning approaches, as a comprehensive toolset enabling high‐resolution direct cryo‐TEM observation of a broad range of LCs. We also present comparative analysis using cryo‐TEM and replica freeze‐fracture TEM on both thermotropic and lyotropic LCs. In addition to the revisits of previous practices, some new concepts are introduced, e.g., suspended thermotropic LC thin films, combined high‐pressure freezing and cryo‐sectioning of lyotropic LCs, and the complementary applications of direct TEM and indirect replica TEM techniques. The significance of subnanometer resolution cryo‐TEM observation is demonstrated in a few important issues in LC studies, including providing direct evidences for the existence of nanoscale smectic domains in nematic bent‐core thermotropic LCs, comprehensive understanding of the twist‐bend nematic phase, and probing the packing of columnar aggregates in lyotropic chromonic LCs. Direct TEM observation opens ways to a variety of TEM techniques, suggesting that TEM (replica, cryo, and in situ techniques), in general, may be a promising part of the solution to the lack of effective structural probe at the molecular scale in LC studies. Microsc. Res. Tech. 77:754–772, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Biomass production of Lolio‐Cynosuretum grassland is not increased by plant‐species richness
Authors: Seither Melanie , Wrage‐Mönnig Nicole , Isselstein Johannes 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn experimental grasslands, a positive relationship between biomass production and plant diversity has often been found. Here, we compared a moderately species‐rich old sward with its grass‐dominated counterpart (12 vs. 8 species per 2.5 m2, or 8.3 vs. 0.7% yield proportion of dicots at the start of the experiment) established by herbicide application. We hypothesized an increased N, P and K uptake in the diverse sward related to a higher colonization rate with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), the presence of legumes, and complementary nutrient use of plant species. Phosphorus or N fertilizer application (according to contributions of AMF or legumes) were expected to balance the assumed smaller biomass production of the grass compared to the diverse sward. In two experimental years, N, P and K uptake, biomass production, N2 fixation, and intra‐ and extraradical AMF colonization were investigated in an untreated control and plots that were fertilized with P and N in a low (P1: 20 kg P ha−1; N1: 50 kg N ha−1) or a high dose (P2: 100 kg P ha−1; N2: 500 kg N ha−1) in both swards. Biomass production was larger in the grass compared to the diverse sward. The N, P and K uptake, accumulated over three harvests (or 1.5 years), was also larger in the grass sward. The biomass production ranged from 5.3 to 10.0 t ha−1 and accumulated nutrient uptake from 82 to191 kg N ha−1, 19 to 31 kg P ha−1 and 112 to 221 kg K ha−1. Small legume proportions resulted in an accumulated N2 fixation between 0 and 3 kg ha−1. In the second year, the root length colonized with AMF structures was larger in the diverse compared to the grass sward, and the root length colonized with arbuscules and coils was larger in the N2 treatment compared to the control in the diverse sward. There were hints to higher AMF abundance under conditions of limited P availability (low soil P content, high N:P ratio in plant biomass). We conclude that in semi‐natural grassland of moderate species richness several factors may affect the relationship between plant diversity and productivity, i.e., management, plant species identity, and the number of the plant species of the low‐diversity level.
Genetic variations are associated with lymph node metastasis in colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Lan Yuan‐Tzu , Yang Shung‐Haur , Lin Jen‐Kou , Lin Chun‐Chi , Wang Huann‐Sheng , Chen Wei‐Shone , Lin Tzu‐Chen , Jiang Jeng‐Kai , Chang Shih‐Ching 
Published: July 2014

Background and ObjectivesRegional lymph nodes (LNs) are believed to be a first‐line barrier against tumor metastasis. However, it remains unclear whether underlying genetic factors exist and affect LN metastasis risk. We therefore evaluated inherited risk variants using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in pathological T3 colorectal cancer patients in the absence or presence of LN metastasis.MethodsThe study population comprised 629 retrospectively collected colorectal cancer samples between 2000 and 2009 in a single hospital, including 273 patients with LN metastasis and 355 control subjects without LN metastasis. We analyzed 87 SNPs in genes that are associated with susceptibility to carcinogenesis or metastasis in colorectal or other cancers.ResultsOnly 11 SNPs were found to have significant genotype distribution differences between the cases and controls. The average number of risk alleles carried by patients with LN metastasis was 7 (6.6 ± 1.4; range 2–10), which was significantly higher than the 6 risk alleles that were carried on average by patients without LN metastasis (6.0 ± 1.6; range 0–10; P < 0.001).ConclusionsCertain SNPs can increase genetic susceptibility to LN metastasis. As the number of risk alleles increases, the risk of LN metastasis also increases, although the difference is subtle. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 110:307–312. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of maximal cytoreductive surgery plus regional heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) on outcome of patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis of gastric origin: Results of the GYMSSA trial
Authors: Rudloff Udo , Langan Russell C. , Mullinax John E. , Beane Joal D. , Steinberg Seth M. , Beresnev Tatiana , Webb Carole C. , Walker Melissa , Toomey Mary Ann , Schrump David , Pandalai Prakash , Stojadinovic Alexander , Avital Itzhak 
Published: July 2014

BackgroundA prospective randomized trial was conducted to compare the impact of systemic chemotherapy versus multi‐modality therapy (complete cytoreductive surgery (CRS), hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC), and systemic chemotherapy) on overall survival (OS) in patients with gastric carcinomatosis.MethodsPatients with measurable metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma involving the peritoneum, and resectable to “no evidence of disease” were randomized to gastrectomy, metastasectomy, HIPEC, and systemic FOLFOXIRI (GYMS arm) or FOLFOXIRI alone (SA arm).ResultsSeventeen patients were enrolled (16 evaluable); 7 of 9 patients in the multi‐modality GYMS arm achieved complete cytoreduction (CCR0). Median OS was 11.3 months in the GYMS arm and 4.3 months in the SA arm. Four patients in the GYMS arm survived >12 months, 2 patients close to 2 years at last follow‐up, and 1 patient more than 4 years, with 2 of these patients still alive. No patient in the SA arm lived beyond 11 months. All patients surviving beyond 12 months in the surgery arm achieved complete cytoreduction and had an initial Peritoneal Cancer Index (PCI) of ≤15.ConclusionMaximal cytoreductive surgery combined with regional (HIPEC) and systemic chemotherapy in selected patients with gastric carcinomatosis and limited disease burden can achieve prolonged survival. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 110:275–284. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thiophene Derivatives with Donor–π–Acceptor Structures for Enhanced Light‐Absorption Properties and Efficient Cationic Polymerization upon Green‐Light Irradiation
Authors: Telitel Sofia , Ouhib Farid , Fouassier Jean‐Pierre , Jerome Christine , Detrembleur Christophe , Lalevée Jacques 
Published: July 2014

New thiophene derivatives (THs) are prepared and proposed here as new photoinitiators in combination with an iodonium salt for the cationic polymerization of vinylethers. They contain electron donor and electron acceptor (D–A) moieties and exhibit red‐shifted absorption spectra. They allow the use of a long‐wavelength excitation at 532 nm using a laser diode. Irradiation from a green light‐emitting diode (LED) at 514 nm can also be used. The high reactivity upon irradiation from the low‐intensity green LED highlights the high reactivity of the proposed structures. Interesting polymerization profiles (with conversions up to 70%) are obtained. The initiation step mechanisms are analyzed by electron spin resonance (ESR), fluorescence measurements, steady‐state photolysis, and laser flash photolysis experiments.
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The clinical spectrum of isolated peripheral motor dysfunction
Authors: Sanderson Alan B. , Arnold W. David , Elsheikh Bakri , Kissel John T. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Isolated peripheral motor dysfunction due to lower motor neuron or peripheral nerve disorders presents an interesting challenge to clinicians because of the diverse differential diagnosis with a broad range of prognoses. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed clinical data of adults who presented over 12 years with muscle weakness, atrophy, or fasciculations, but without hyperreflexia or sensory involvement. Results: In 119 patients, 52% had a motor neuron disease (MND), 13% had immune neuropathies, 11% had genetic neuronopathies, 10% had residual or post‐polio syndrome, 5% had benign fasciculation, 1% had an infectious etiology, and 8% were not given a final diagnosis. Only MND patients had cognitive dysfunction or frontal release signs. Bulbar and respiratory symptoms virtually excluded consideration of immune neuropathy. Conclusions: Only half of the patients were diagnosed with MND. A significant minority have treatable conditions. Cognitive involvement, frontal release signs, and bulbar or respiratory symptoms are strongly suggestive of MND. Muscle Nerve 51: 358–362, 2015