bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A point mutation in the zinc finger motif of RID1/EHD2/OsID1 protein leads to outstanding yield-related traits in japonica rice variety Wuyunjing 7
Authors: Hu Shikai , Dong Guojun , Xu Jie , Su Yan , Shi Zhenyuan , Ye Weijun , Li Yuanyuan , Li Gengmi , Zhang Bin , Hu Jiang , Qian Qian , Zeng Dali , Guo Longbiao 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Flowering time, which is often associated with the length of the growth period in rice, determines the adaptability of a plant to various environments. However, little is known about how flowering-time genes affect panicle development and yield formation potential in rice after inducing the transition from vegetative growth to reproductive growth.

Results
To explore the relationship between floral induction and yield formation and the molecular mechanism of panicle development in rice, a novel mutant, ghd10, was identified from japonica variety Wuyunjing 7 plants subjected to ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) treatment. The ghd10 mutant exhibited delayed flowering time, tall stalks and increased panicle length and primary branch number. Map-based cloning revealed that Ghd10 encodes a transcription factor with Cys-2/His-2-type zinc finger motifs. Ghd10 is orthologous to INDETERMINATE1 (ID1), which promotes flowering in maize (Zea mays) and is identical to the previously cloned genes Rice Indeterminate1 (RID1), Early heading date2 (Ehd2) and OsId1. Transient expression analysis of the Ghd10-GFP fusion protein in tobacco mesophyll cells showed that this protein is expressed in the nucleus. Ghd10 mRNA accumulated most abundantly in developing leaves and panicle structures, but rarely in roots. Expression analysis revealed that the expression levels of Ehd1, Hd1, RFT1, Hd3a and OsMADS15 decreased dramatically under both short-day and long-day conditions in ghd10.

Conclusion
These results indicate that Ghd10, which encodes a promoter of flowering, influences plant height and panicle development by regulating the expression levels of some flowering-related genes, such as Ehd1, Hd1, OsMADS15 and others. The ghd10 allele is a useful resource for improvement of panicle traits in rice grown in tropical and low-latitude areas.
The Drosophila anatomy ontology
Authors: Costa Marta , Reeve Simon , Grumbling Gary , Osumi-Sutherland David 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Anatomy ontologies are query-able classifications of anatomical structures. They provide a widely-used means for standardising the annotation of phenotypes and expression in both human-readable and programmatically accessible forms. They are also frequently used to group annotations in biologically meaningful ways. Accurate annotation requires clear textual definitions for terms, ideally accompanied by images. Accurate grouping and fruitful programmatic usage requires high-quality formal definitions that can be used to automate classification and check for errors. The Drosophila anatomy ontology (DAO) consists of over 8000 classes with broad coverage of Drosophila anatomy. It has been used extensively for annotation by a range of resources, but until recently it was poorly formalised and had few textual definitions.

Results
We have transformed the DAO into an ontology rich in formal and textual definitions in which the majority of classifications are automated and extensive error checking ensures quality. Here we present an overview of the content of the DAO, the patterns used in its formalisation, and the various uses it has been put to.

Conclusions
As a result of the work described here, the DAO provides a high-quality, queryable reference for the wild-type anatomy of Drosophila melanogaster and a set of terms to annotate data related to that anatomy. Extensive, well referenced textual definitions make it both a reliable and useful reference and ensure accurate use in annotation. Wide use of formal axioms allows a large proportion of classification to be automated and the use of consistency checking to eliminate errors. This increased formalisation has resulted in significant improvements to the completeness and accuracy of classification. The broad use of both formal and informal definitions make further development of the ontology sustainable and scalable. The patterns of formalisation used in the DAO are likely to be useful to developers of other anatomy ontologies.
Optical photon reassignment microscopy (OPRA)
Authors: Roth Stephan , Sheppard Colin JR , Wicker Kai , Heintzmann Rainer 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
To enhance the resolution of a confocal laser scanning microscope the additional information of a pinhole plane image taken at every excitation scan position can be used (Sheppard 1988). This photon reassignment principle is based on the fact that the most probable position of an emitter is at half way between the nominal focus of the excitation laser and the position corresponding to the (off centre) detection position. Therefore, by reassigning the detected photons to this place, an image with enhanced detection efficiency and resolution is obtained. Here we present optical photon reassignment microscopy (OPRA) which realizes this concept in an all-optical way obviating the need for image-processing. With the help of an additional intermediate optical beam expansion between descanning and a further rescanning of the detected light, an image with the advantages of photon reassignment can be acquired. However, just as in computational photon reassignment, a loss in confocal sectioning performance is caused by working with relatively open pinholes. The OPRA system shares properties such as flexibility and ease of use with a confocal laser scanning microscope, and is therefore expected to be of use for future biomedical routine research.
Dysregulated phosphatidylinositol signaling promotes endoplasmic-reticulum-stress-mediated intestinal mucosal injury and inflammation in zebrafish
Authors: Thakur Prakash C. , Davison Jon M. , Stuckenholz Carsten , Lu Lili , Bahary Nathan 
Published: October 2013

SummaryDysregulated phosphoinositide (PI) signaling has been implicated in human gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies and inflammatory states, underlining the need to study pathophysiological roles of PI in an in vivo genetic model. Here, we study the significance of PI in GI pathophysiology using the zebrafish mutant cdipthi559, which lacks PI synthesis, and unravel a crucial role of PI in intestinal mucosal integrity and inflammation. The cdipthi559 mutants exhibit abnormal villous architecture and disorganized proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), with pathologies reminiscent of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including apoptosis of goblet cells, abnormal mucosecretion, bacterial overgrowth and leukocyte infiltration. The mutant IECs exhibit vacuolation, microvillus atrophy and impaired proliferation. The cdipthi559 gene expression profile shows enrichment of acute phase response signaling, and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress factors hspa5 and xbp1 are robustly activated in the mutant GI tissue. Temporal electron micrographic analyses reveal that PI-deficient IECs undergo sequential ER-Golgi disruption, mitochondrial depletion, macroautophagy and cell death, consistent with chronic ER-stress-mediated cytopathology. Furthermore, pharmacological induction of ER stress by inhibiting protein glycosylation or PI synthase inhibition in leukocyte-specific reporter lines replicates the cdipthi559 inflammatory phenotype, suggesting a fundamental role of PI metabolism and ER stress in mucosal inflammation. Antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs resolved the inflammation, but not the autophagic necroapoptosis of IECs, suggesting that bacterial overgrowth can exacerbate ER stress pathology, whereas persistent ER stress is sufficient to trigger inflammation. Interestingly, the intestinal phenotype was partially alleviated by chemical chaperones, suggesting their therapeutic potential. Using zebrafish genetic and pharmacological models, this study demonstrates a newly identified link between intracellular PI signaling and ER-stress-mediated mucosal inflammation. The zebrafish cdipt mutants provide a powerful tool for dissecting the fundamental mechanisms of ER-stress-mediated human GI diseases and a platform to develop molecularly targeted therapies.
Scope and Limitation for FeSO4-Mediated Direct Arylation of Heteroarenes with Arylboronic Acids and Its Synthetic Applications
Authors: Komeyama Kimihiro , Nagao Yuya , Abe Manabu , Takaki Ken 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
FeSO4-mediated direct arylation of heteroarenes with arylboronic acids in the presence of K2S2O8 has been developed. A slow addition of an aqueous solution of an iron complex was crucial in the arylation. Scope and limitation of the heteroarenes and arylboronic acids are discussed. Furthermore, the direct arylation was applied to the formal total synthesis botryllazine B and sodium channel inhibitor.
Responding to humanoid robots: A call to examine the role of instincts
Authors: Gorman Lawrence , Polski Maria 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Using concepts from media ecology and cognitive science, the article examines some mechanisms that underlie our responses to humanoid robots. It suggests that ‘tertiary orality’ (talking to robots and computers) requires caution: humans are prompted by their instincts to personalize the voices, faces and body language of robots and computers; humans also seem to be designed to attribute intention and emotion where none is present. We argue that the combination of new technology and ancient human instincts creates the uncanny: the familiar in the strange and the strange in the familiar, which is simultaneously seductive and alienating; we argue that people should be educated to understand these phenomena. This is an area where media ecology can make an important contribution.
Metaphors and morality: Are digital media epistemologically compatible with moral socialization?
Authors: McMullen Janet L. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Recent neurological research supports a media ecology approach to suggest an epistemological incompatibility between digital and mobile media and moral and ethical socialization. The digital transformation of social and interpersonal discourse may cause succeeding generations of digital natives to develop an inability to conceptualize, contemplate and subsequently act on moral concepts and ethical principles. Media ecology, as defined by Neil Postman (1970), examines how media influence perception, understanding and value, and their impact on our survival. These issues are at the heart of morality and ethics. Neurological research has shown the brain’s plasticity allows use of media technology to alter how we think as well as the anatomy of the brain itself. A comparison of the epistemological requirements of moral socialization and the epistemological characteristics of media indicates that digital media may be particularly ineffective in communicating essential moral concepts. Implications for future research and the associated responsibility of educators and media practitioners are discussed.
Light scattering of interference coatings from the IR to the EUV spectral regions
Authors: Schröder Sven , Trost Marcus , Herffurth Tobias , von Finck Alexander , Duparré Angela 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Light scattering of optical components caused by residual imperfections can be a critical factor for their practical application. In particular, the scattering properties of optical interference coatings are rather complex. Yet, simple theoretical models and comparisons with experimental results provide valuable insight into the main impact factors and mechanisms. The magnitude of scattering and the dominating factors strongly depend on the wavelength of application in connection with the types of coatings used in the corresponding ranges. The paper, therefore, gives an overview of the scattering properties of coatings in different spectral regions including the visible, deep ultraviolet, and extreme ultraviolet and discusses strong in-band variations of the scattering characteristics that have been neglected so far.
Comparison of antitermite properties of 2-thioxocoumarins against Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki
Authors: Ninomiya Masayuki , Aoki Tatsuyuki , Adfa Morina , Yoshimura Tsuyoshi , Koketsu Mamoru 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The antitermite effects of several thione analogues of naturally occurring coumarins have been tested against Coptotermes formosanus by the no-choice test. 2-Thioxogrevillone exhibited the strongest antitermite potential. The thione analogues proved to be more effective as termite pesticide than their natural counterparts.
Improved weathering performance and wettability of wood protected by CeO2 coating deposited onto the surface
Authors: Lu Yun , Xiao Shaoliang , Gao Runan , Li Jian , Sun Qingfeng 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Wood in outdoor exposure undergoes photochemical degradation mainly caused by the combination of UV radiation and moisture, thus appropriate coatings are desirable. In this paper, the wood surface was first treated with CeO2 sol and then treated with a layer of octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) and the created coating was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDXA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and FTIR spectroscopy (FTIR). The surface became superhydrophobic as the contact angle (CA) for water of the modified wood was 152°. Accelerated aging tests revealed that the modified wood has an excellent weathering resistance.
Getting dirty with humor: Co-constructing workplace identities through performative scripts
Authors: Schaefer Zachary A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis paper shows how blue-collar workers co-construct humorous scripts to manage their workplace identities. It repositions humorous scripts as performative and highlights the process of co-construction to draw attention to the significance of script form and content during identity production. This case study is part of a year-long ethnographic project that identified the norms of blue-collar humor at a furniture moving company. It explores the process of co-constructing three humorous scripts: infusion, recalibration, and free behaviors (Ashforth and Kreiner 1999). The article shows the paradoxical processes through which employees used the scripts, both as a form of resistance to and a reinforcement of negative stereotypes. By showing how the scripts were used to resist and to reinforce negative stereotypes regarding blue-collar identities, the study concludes with several implications for identity management research. The three humorous scripts served as the discursive means through which workers navigated and reified their occupational identities.
The impact of gelotophobia, gelotophilia and katagelasticism on creativity
Authors: Chan Yu-Chen , Chen Hsueh-Chih , Lavallee Joseph 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA number of studies have found that humor has a positive short-term effect in terms of enhancing creativity, but few have examined its long-term effects, and few have considered different personality traits when exploring this connection. The present study seeks to address this gap by examining the relationship between creativity and dispositions towards ridicule and being laughed at. We conceptualized humor-induced mirth as a positive emotion within the framework of broaden-and-build theory (Fredrickson 1998), with the potential to foster an individual's disposition towards creative behavior. We hypothesized that this potential would depend on different dispositions towards ridicule and being laughed at. Path analysis was then used to explore the impact of gelotophobia, gelotophilia and katagelasticism on creative performance, with creative disposition as a mediating variable. Gelotophobia, the fear of being laughed at, was found to correlate negatively with creative disposition, and may also exert an indirect negative influence on creative performance through its association with creative disposition. Gelotophilia, the joy of being laughed at, on the other hand, appears to have a partially mediated influence on creativity, exhibiting both a direct and an indirect positive relation through its positive association with creative disposition. No significant relation was observed between katagelasticism (the joy of laughing at others) and creativity.
An existentialist account of the role of humor against oppression
Authors: Kramer Chris A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractI argue that the overt subjugation in the system of American slavery and its subsequent effects offer a case study for an existentialist analysis of freedom, oppression and humor. Concentrating on the writings and experiences of Frederick Douglass and the existentialists Simone De Beauvoir and Lewis Gordon, I investigate how the concepts of “spirit of seriousness”, “mystification”, and an existentialist reading of “double consciousness” for example, can elucidate the forms of explicit and concealed oppression. I then make the case that subversive humor is an effective means to bring to consciousness the inconsistencies and incongruities of the
Evaluation of caribouRangifer tarandus groenlandicussurvey methodology in West Greenland
Authors: Poole Kim G. , Cuyler Christine , Nymand Josephine 
Published: October 2013

Abundance estimates are important to management of most harvested species of wildlife. In West Greenland, recent estimates of barren‐ground caribouRangifer tarandus groenlandicuspopulation size have been derived from aerial surveys conducted in early March of numerous short (7.5 km) transects that focused on obtaining high detection probabilities. The resultant study area coverage was low (≤ 1.6%), in part due to the survey design. In this article, we conducted a critical review of the current West Greenland caribou survey methodology using data from past surveys and recent GPS collar data, and present recommendations to improve the methodology. On an annual basis, movement rates of collared females were lowest in March, supporting survey timing. March distribution of collared caribou, however, differed markedly between 2009 and 2010, indicating that stratification flights prior to each survey are required to produce the most accurate and precise estimates. A viewshed analysis in GIS supported the use of a 300‐m strip width, but demonstrated that the current 15‐m survey flight altitude resulted in 4‐5% availability bias due to the portion of the strip width hidden by topography and out of sight of observers, and a corresponding nil detection probability for caribou in these areas. A 30‐m or 45‐m flight height may be more appropriate to reduce the availability bias in this rugged terrain. Examination of the population composition data collected during and after abundance estimates suggested that robust calf:cow and bull:cow ratio data could be obtained with less sampling effort distributed proportionate to the population density. We suggest that systematic strip transects should be considered to increase survey coverage; this design would increase survey efficiency (ratio of helicopter time to coverage) and inherently increase precision. Distance sampling collected by group would be an improvement over the current negatively biased, transect‐total method to calculate detection probabilities. Managers should ensure that sufficient resources are available to obtain robust estimates of abundance and composition of West Greenland caribou. These recommendations may be applicable to other areas in which ungulate populations exist in heterogeneous habitats with low sightability.
Reproduction in North American elk Cervus elaphus: paternity of calves sired by males of mixed age classes
Authors: Kie John G. , Johnson Bruce K. , Noyes James H. , Williams Christen L. , Dick Brian L. , Rhodes Olin E. , Stussy Rosemary J. , Bowyer R. Terry 
Published: October 2013

Our objective was to examine effects of groups of mixed numbers and ages of male North American elk Cervus elaphus on the reproductive performance of females. We conducted research at the Starkey Experimental Forest and Range in northeastern Oregon, USA, during 1993‐2000. Each spring in late March, we released 40 female elk, eight yearling (9‐month old) male elk and 2‐8 branch‐antlered elk (i.e. ≥ 2 years of age during rut the following autumn) into a 622‐ha fenced pasture. Elk were gathered during autumn and early winter, and were brought to winter feeding grounds where blood samples were drawn to determine pregnancy status. The following spring, females were released into an 80‐ha pasture prior to parturition. We searched for and captured newborn calves and obtained ear‐punch samples for genetic analysis. We used 18 microsatellite loci to establish paternity of each calf. We varied the ratio of mature males (i.e. ≥ 3 years old) to female ratio from 0.03 to 0.21. As expected, mature males (older and heavier) were more successful in siring calves than were younger males. Within age classes, however, body mass in spring did not accurately predict mating success in autumn. Reproductive rates were not affected by season of grazing by cattle, yearling male to female ratio or mature male to female ratio. Sire age had no effect on mean dates of calf births or on calf weights. Neither sire age nor season of grazing by cattle had significant effects on calf weights; however, mean date of birth was significantly earlier when cattle grazing occurred during the previous autumn than when cattle grazed during the preceding spring. Furthermore, the number of calves sired by yearling males was greater when cattle grazing occurred during autumn, than when grazing occurred during spring. In the years with disruptive cattle grazing during rut, females mated not only with yearling males, in general, but often with those who were lighter in body mass during the previous spring than others in the same cohort. The extent to which those yearling males are untested in combat with older, dominant herd bulls may have genetic consequences leading to differences in fitness and subsequent reductions in calf survival.Please note that the supplementary information, including Appendix SI mentioned in this article, is available in the online version of this article, which can be viewed at www.wildlifebiology.com
Recurrent and self-remitting sixth cranial nerve palsy: pathophysiological insight from skull base chondrosarcoma
Authors: Frassanito Paolo , Massimi Luca , Rigante Mario , Tamburrini Gianpiero , Conforti Giulio , Di Rocco Concezio , Caldarelli Massimo 
Published: October 2013

Palsy of the abducens nerve is a neurological sign that has a wide range of causes due to the nerve's extreme vulnerability. Need of immediate neuroimaging is a matter of debate in the literature, despite the risks of delaying the diagnosis of a skull base tumor.
The authors present 2 cases of skull base tumors in which the patients presented with recurrent and self-remitting episodes of sixth cranial nerve palsy (SCNP). In both cases the clinical history exceeded 1 year. In a 17-year-old boy the diagnosis was made because of the onset of headache when the tumor reached a very large size. In a 12-year-old boy the tumor was incidentally diagnosed when it was still small. In both patients surgery was performed and the postoperative course was uneventful. Pathological diagnosis of the tumor was consistent with that of a chondrosarcoma in both cases.
Recurrent self-remitting episodes of SCNP, resembling transitory ischemic attacks, may be the presenting sign of a skull base tumor due to the anatomical relationships of these lesions with the petroclival segment of the sixth cranial nerve. Physicians should promptly recommend neuroimaging studies if SCNP presents with this peculiar course.