bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth of Measles and Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis Viruses in Human Neural Cell Lines
Authors: Sakaguchi Masahiro , Yoshikawa Yasuhiro , Yamanouchi Kazuya 
Published: November 2013

AbstractGrowth of cell‐free subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) virus was compared with that of measles virus in three human neural cell lines: neuroblastoma, oligodendroglioma, and glioblastoma. The Edmonston strain of measles virus replicated in these neural cells as efficiently as in Vero cells. In contrast, the growth of the Mantooth strain of SSPE virus was suppressed moderately in neuroblastoma cells and markedly in oligodendroglioma and glioblastoma cells in spite of the induction of apparent cytopathic effects in these cells. Virus adsorption, defective interfering particles, interferon, and temperature sensitivity were not responsible for this low yield of SSPE virus in neural cell lines. Synthesis of viral proteins of SSPE virus was slower than that of measles virus in oligodendroglioma and glioblastoma cells. These results suggest that the slow rate of synthesis of viral proteins may be relevant to the low yield of SSPE virus in neural cells.
4‐Hydroxy‐3‐Nitrophenyl (NP) Acetyl‐Hapten Specific Lymphocyte Proliferation
Authors: Okuda Kenji , Saito Harukazu , Aihara Yukoh , Minami Mutsuhiko , Tadokoro Ichiro 
Published: November 2013

AbstractHapten specific T cell proliferation was induced in several strains of mice. When lymph node T cells from 4‐hydroxy‐3‐nitrophenyl acetyl‐keyhole lympet hemocyanin (NP‐KLH)‐primed mice were stimulated in vitro with NP‐polymer glutamic acid‐lysine‐phenyl alanine (NP‐GLφ) or NP‐ovalbumin (NP‐OVA), they displayed a good level of proliferative responses. It was observed that NP‐GLφ could induce NP‐hapten specific proliferation even with NP‐KLH lymphocytes from GLφ non‐responder strains.NP‐KLH primed lymphocytes from C57BL/6 (H‐2b, Igh‐1b), CKB (H‐2k, Igh‐1b), CWB (H‐2b, Igh‐1b), and B10.BR (H‐2k, Igh‐1b) mice showed good proliferative responses to both 4‐hydroxy‐5‐iodo‐3‐nitrophenyl (NIP) acetyl‐GLφ and NIP‐OVA antigens. However, NP‐KLH primed lymphocytes from C3H/He (H‐2k, Igh‐1j) and C3H. SW (H‐2b, Igh‐1j) mice displayed poor proliferative responses to NIP‐GLφ and NIP‐OVA antigen. These results suggested that the gene coding for the NIP‐cross‐reaction might be mapped in the Ig heavy‐chain linked locus.
Ultrastructure of Klebsiella O3 Lipopolysaccharide Isolated from Culture Supernatant: Comparison with Other Lipopolysaccharides
Authors: Kato Nobuo , Ohta Michio , Kido Nobuo , Naito Setsuko , Kuno Tsuneharu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractKlebsiella O3 lipopolysaccharide (KO3 LPS) isolated from the culture supernatant, which was found to exhibit a very strong adjuvant activity in augmenting antibody response and delayed‐type hypersensitivity to protein antigens in mice, was examined by electron microscopy. When negatively stained with uranyl acetate or ammonium molybdate, the KO3 LPS was found to consist principally of flat ribbon‐like structures branching freely (average width 16 nm and average thickness 7 nm) and to contain a small proportion of spheres (diameter 20–50 nm), both structures covered with fine hairy structures (average length approximately 10 nm). When the polysaccharide of KO3 LPS was stained by the periodic acid‐thiosemicarbazide‐silver proteinate procedure, silver granules were deposited on the ribbon‐like structures and around the spheres, suggesting that the polysaccharide moiety is located on their surface and that the fine hairy structures consist of the polysaccharide moiety. Comparison by means of preparations stained with uranyl acetate or ammonium molybdate showed that KO3 LPS isolated from the culture supernatant has structural features in common with KO3 LPS isolated from bacterial cells, Escherichia coli O9 LPS isolated from the culture supernatant, and E. coli O127 LPS isolated from bacterial cells. On the basis of the present results, schematic representations of the common physical structure of LPS were drawn; the fine hairy structures attach to the wide surface of the flat ribbon‐like structures along their lateral margin.
Ultrastructure of Klebsiella O3 Lipopolysaccharide Isolated from Culture Supernatant: Structure of Various Uniform Salt Forms
Authors: Kato Nobuo , Ohta Michio , Kido Nobuo , Naito Setsuko , Kuno Tsuneharu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractVarious uniform salt forms of Klebsiella O3 lipopolysaccharide (KO3 LPS) isolated from culture supernatant were prepared as follows. Basic materials present in KO3 LPS were rigorously removed by electrodialysis and the electrodialyzed KO3 LPS was neutralized with NaOH, KOH, NH4OH, Ca(OH)2, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, or triethylamine. The ultrastructure of the uniform salt forms of KO3 LPS was examined using preparations stained with uranyl acetate. The sodium, potassium, ammonium, and trisaminomethane salt forms were structurally very similar to the natural form of KO3 LPS which consisted of a mixture of flat ribbon‐like structures (average width of 16 nm and average thickness of 7 nm) and spheres with various diameters, both covered with fine hairy structures. When KO3 LPS was converted to the triethylamine salt form, the ribbon‐like structures were distrupted into very small granules (7–9 nm × 9–15 nm). The calcium salt form consisted of particles and rods of various sizes and ribbon‐like structures which were markedly extended (maximum width of 50 nm) and presented irregular shapes. When converted to the calcium salt form, the ribbon‐like structures were extended and eventually divided into particles and rods. For reasons still unknown, the sodium salt of KO3 LPS was mostly stained positively with uranyl acetate in contrast to the natural form and the other uniform salt forms which were always negatively stained. In the positively stained preparation of the sodium salt form, it was clearly shown that the ribbon‐like structures consisted of a bilayer.
Viral Pollution of the Rivers in Toyama City
Authors: Matsuura Kumiko , Hasegawa Sumiyo , Nakayama Takashi , Morita Osayuki , Uetake Hisao 
Published: November 2013

AbstractViral pollution of the river water in Toyama City was surveyed during the two‐year period from July 1979 to July 1981, and the ecology of viruses in the river water is discussed. Virus isolation from the river water samples, or from the water squeezed from cotton pads that were immersed in the stream for 3 days, was carried out by the “filter adsorption/elution” method.River waters were found to be contaminated with various species of enteric viruses, that is, poliovirus, echovirus, coxsackievirus, adenovirus, and reovirus. Poliovirus was isolated during the period immediately after the oral administration of polio vaccine, and Coxsackie B virus was frequently isolated all year around. The enterovirus concentration in the river water was significantly high with a maximum of five plaque‐forming units of Coxsackie B2 virus per 250 ml.The species and type distribution of enteroviruses isolated from the river water coincided well with that of viruses isolated from inhabitants of Toyama Prefecture, with the exception of reovirus which was the largest population of virus species in the river water.
Unique Nature of an Attenuated Strain of Tobacco Mosaic Virus: Autoregulation
Authors: Kiho Yukio , Nishiguchi Masamichi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAn attenuated strain L11A of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) multiplied like wild type strain L at an early stage of infection in tomato leaves. Four days after inoculation, however, multiplication of L11A was drastically reduced (autoregulation) compared with the constant multiplication of L. In mixed infections, L11A strongly inhibited the multiplication of homologous strain L. Experiments with cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) or tobacco plants revealed that the inhibitory mechanism of L11A is not host‐specific but virus‐specific, and the auto‐regulatory mechanism is effective only for TMV.RNA synthesis in L11A infected leaves 4 days after inoculation was studied by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Synthesis of TMV‐RNA and its replicative intermediate were strongly inhibited, whereas the replicative form of TMV‐RNA and ribosomal RNA were synthesized as in the case of L infection.Synthesis of non‐coat‐protein was studied by the incorporation of radioactive histidine into subcellular fractions derived from leaves infected with L or L11A for 4 days. Different patterns of the two strains in protein synthesis were noted. At least three proteins were predominantly synthesized in L11A infection. One of them was observed in the mitochondria fraction. From its position in Polyacrylamide gel, it could be viral coded 165K protein which is considered to be involved in viral RNA replication.These results suggest that the unique nature of attenuated virus L11A, i.e. autoregulation, resulted from the inhibitory mechanism of viral RNA synthesis due to overproduction of 165K protein and is quite distinct from interferon, intrinsic interference or interference by defective virus.
Immune Interferon Production by TH69, a Lyophilized Preparation of Streptococcus faecalis, in Murine Spleen Cell Cultures
Authors: Yamaguchi Takahiro , Kuroda Yoko , Saito Motoo , Ebina Takusaburo , Hoshino Fumihiko , Ishida Nakao 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn mouse spleen cell cultures, TH69, a live Streptococcus faecalis (ATCC 31663) preparation, at a concentration of 20 μg/ml induced immune interferon (IFNγ) with molecular weight ranging from 20,000 to 40,000 daltons together with a small amount of IFNα/β.By using nonsensitized mouse spleen cells, the fact that both T‐cells and macrophages are required for this IFN production was established. When these spleen cells were obtained from mice sensitized 12 days earlier with 4 mg of TH69, twice as much IFN was produced than in cells obtained from nonsensitized mice. This increase was explained by the presence of both sensitized macrophages and T‐cells in a reconstitution experiment.
A Study of Cyanide‐Insensitive Respiration in the Genus Dekkera and Brettanomyces
Authors: Blondin Bruno , Gonde Pierre , Ratomahenina Robert , Arnaud Alain , Galzy Pierre 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDekkera intermedia and Brettanomyces custersii were shown to have a respiratory pathway resistant to cyanide, antimycin A, and azide. This respiration remained sensitive to salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM). The “cyanide‐resistant” respiration was induced mainly at the end of the growth phase and could reach 50% of total respiratory capacity.The mitochondrial “petite colony” mutation had no effect on this oxidation pathway. The presence of this respiration pathway in these strains constitutes a compensation mechanism for the reducing activity of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase. This alternate pathway would thus be a fundamental element, of the Custer effect, a characteristic feature of these strains.
Diarrhea in Neonatal Piglets Caused by K99+ST+ Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
Authors: Shimizu Mikio , Sakano Tetsuya , Yamamoto Junya , Sakurai Ken‐Ichiro 
Published: November 2013

AbstractEnterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains were isolated from the feces of 34.4% of 64 diarrheaic neonatal piglets on seven farms. Of a total of 518 isolates, 86 (16.6%) were enterotoxigenic and grouped into four phenotypes: K99+ST+ (K99 pilus antigen and heat‐stable enterotoxin producing, 36 strains), ST+ (37 strains), K88+LT+(K88 pilus antigen and heat‐labile enterotoxin producing, 11 strains), and K88+ST+ (2 strains). K99+ST+ and ST+ isolates showed multiple drug resistance and most of those (58.3% and 56.8%, respectively) belonged to O serogroup 101. A K99+ST+ isolate proved to be capable of inducing diarrhea and death in hysterectomy‐produced colostrum‐deprived piglets when orally inoculated.
Adjuvant Activity of Klebsiella O3 Lipopolysaccharide: Comparative Study Using Defined Uniform Salt Forms
Authors: Kato Nobuo , Kido Nobuo , Ohta Michio , Naito Setsuko , Nakashima Izumi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPreviously we showed that Klebsiella O3 lipopolysaccharide (KO3 LPS) is much more potent than other kinds of LPS including Escherichia coli O127 LPS (EO127 LPS) in adjuvant activity in augmenting antibody response and delayed‐type hypersensitivity to protein antigens and in the ability to enlarge the regional lymph node. Various denned uniform salt forms, the triethylamine, sodium, potassium, ammonium, tris(hydroxymethyl)ammomethane, and calcium salt forms, of KO3 LPS and EO127 LPS were prepared by removing basic materials present in LPS preparations by electrodialysis and neutralizing the electrodialyzed LPS preparations with various kinds of alkali. The triethylamine salt form showed the best solubility and consisted of the smallest granules and, on the other hand, the calcium salt form showed the lowest solubility, compared with the natural form and the other uniform salt forms. Even if the natural forms of KO3 LPS and EO127 LPS were converted to the defined uniform salt forms, adjuvanticity of KO3 LPS and EO127 LPS in augmenting delayed‐type hypersensitivity to ovalbumin and the ability to enlarge the regional lymph node did not significantly differ from those of the respective natural forms. From these results it is concluded that the difference in strength of the adjuvanticity between KO3 LPS and EO127 LPS is not due to the difference in their salt forms, solubility or physical state. Moreover, there were no significant differences in lethal toxicity for mice by the intraperitoneal route among the natural form and all the uniform salt forms of KO3 LPS tested.
Environmental Mycobacteria in Korea
Authors: Jin Byoung Won , Saito Hajime , Yoshii Zensaku 
Published: November 2013

AbstractEnvironmental mycobacteria in Korea have been investigated by examining 54 soil, 111 house dust, 63 well water, and 98 sewage samples collected from 123 randomly selected areas in Korea during the fourth nationwide tuberculosis prevalence survey in 1980.A variety of mycobacteria were isolated from 76% of soil, 67% of sewage, 43% of well water, and 7% of house dust samples. Some samples yielded more than one species; thus 56 strains were obtained from soil, 107 strains from sewage, 48 strains from well water and 8 strains from house dust. Mycobacterium fortuitum was the most common species of environmental mycobacteria in Korea and the species was distributed equally in all types of samples tested. The M. terrae complex was also one of the common species of environmental mycobacteria and it seemed to be more abundant in water samples than in soil. Scotochromogenic slow growers M. scrofulaceum and M. gordonae were common microbes in soil and water samples, although the latter was more frequently detected in water samples. Scotochromogenic rapid growers M. flavescens and M. phlei, and photochromogenic rapid grower M. vaccae were isolated more frequently from sewage or water samples than from soil. Nonphotochromogenic rapid growers M. chelonei (chelonae) and M. smegmatis were isolated mostly from sewage and the former was rarely found in soil and well water samples. The clinically important species M. avium‐intracellulare complex was found less frequently in all types of test samples.
Immunogenic Dialyzable Factor Derived from a Ribosomal Fraction of Salmonella typhimurium
Authors: Kita Eiji , Yasui Koichi , Yasui Kiyoshi , Matsuda Yasushi , Matsuda Keiji , Kashiba Shuzo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDialyzable factors (DF) were prepared from ribosomal fractions of several organisms including rough mutants of Salmonella typhimurium LT2, salmonella species of different serogroups, other enteric bacteria and gram‐positive organisms, and tested for their immunogenicity against S. typhimurium infection in mice. All of them conferred local resistance on mice challenged intramuscularly with S. typhimurium LT2 in the early stage of immunization before the establishment of delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH) to salmonella antigens. Although DFs of enteric bacteria including rough mutants of S. typhimurium induced DTH to salmonella antigens, only DF of a two‐heptose mutant of S. typhimurium LT2 afforded significant mouse protection but others only prolonged the mean time to death. DF of Listeria monocytogenes induced the cross‐reacting immunity which afforded the low level of mouse protection as well as an increase in mean time to death without inducing DTH. Passive transfer of anti‐O antibody did not enhance the mouse protection provided by each DF. Resistance conferred by DF of S. typhimurium LT2 consisted of two phases: (i) nonspecific macrophage activation resulting in reduction of organisms at the infected site, which became active in the early stage of immunization and (ii) salmonella‐specific immunity capable of preventing systemic infection, which became active in the late stage of immunization.
Ability of Various Oral Bacteria to Bind Human Plasma Fibronectin
Authors: Imai Susumu , Okahashi Nobuo , Koga Toshihiko , Nisizawa Tosiki , Hamada Shigeyuki 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe present study describes the ability of various oral bacteria to bind human plasma fibronectin (PFN). Avid binding of 125I‐PFN was found for Streptococcus mutans (serotypes a to h), Streptococcus sanguis, group A Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus, while other gram‐positive bacterial species tested demonstrated only weak or negligible PFN binding ability. Two gram‐negative bacterial species, Bacteroides gingivalis and Escherichia coli, did not significantly bind PFN. 125I‐PFN binding to S. mutans 6715 cells was decreased by pretreatment with unlabeled PFN, and the radiolabeled PFN bound to the cell surface was released on addition of unlabeled PFN. Strong inhibition of 125I‐PFN binding to S. mutans 6715 cells was obtained by protease pretreatment, while partial inhibition was also observed following treatment with acid, alkali, lipase, and monoclonal anti‐polyglycerophosphate. These results suggest that PFN binding to S. mutans cells is reversible and that PFN receptors on the cell surface appear to be heat‐stable multiple proteins.
Increased Sister Chromatid Exchange in Human Lymphocyte Cultures Infected with Mycoplasma
Authors: Ito‐Kuwa Shoko , Aoki Shigeji 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe effects of fermenting, poorly arginine‐utilizing Mycoplasma fermentans and arginine‐utilizing Mycoplasma salivarium on the frequency of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) in cultured human lymphocytes were examined. M. fermentans caused no apparent mitosis inhibition of lymphocytes and the increase in SCE frequency was dependent on the inoculum size of the mycoplasma. An evident increase in SCE frequency was observed in lymphocytes infected with smaller inoculum sizes of M. salivarium whereas there was mitosis inhibition of lymphocytes infected with larger inoculum sizes of the mycoplasma. In lymphocyte cultures infected with M. salivarium, the addition of arginine to the culture medium reduced mitosis inhibition but did not diminish the increase in SCE frequency, indicating that arginine depletion was not involved in causing the induction of SCEs in mycoplasma‐infected lymphocytes. With regard to the genetic effectiveness of SCE, these results suggested that mycoplasmas are capable of inducing cytogenetic changes in infected host cells.
Protecting Effect of Chitin and Chitosan on Experimentally Induced Murine Candidiasis
Authors: Suzuki Ko , Okawa Yoshio , Hashimoto Kazuhiko , Suzuki Shigeo , Suzuki Masuko 
Published: November 2013

AbstractChitin and chitosan were found to exhibit a protective effect on mice administered these polysaccharides intraperitoneally against infection of the viable cells of Candida albicans NIH A‐207 strain. A significant difference was observed between the protective effects of chitin and chitosan, i.e., chitin was much more effective than chitosan when the C. albicans cells were challenged via the intravenous route. In intraperitoneal inoculations of C. albicans cells, however, chitosan provided stronger resistance for mice than chitin.It has also been revealed that the number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes from circulating blood of chitin‐administered mice increased remarkably compared with that of untreated and chitosan‐treated mice, and that the increase of active oxygen‐generating phagocytic cells was significant. On the other hand, the number of peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) and the amounts of active oxygen generated from these cells in chitosan‐treated mice were larger than those of chitin‐treated mice. However, candidacidal activities of PEC per fixed cell number in mice treated with chitin or with chitosan were almost the same and greater than those of untreated mice.
Biological Activities of Partially Purified Elastase Produced by Flavobacterium meningosepticum
Authors: Miyazaki Shuichi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractInjection of viable cells of Flavobacterium meningosepticum at doses of 106 colony‐forming units/eye caused ophthalmia in rabbits' corneas.Elastase, free of protease activity, was partially purified from broth cultures of F. meningosepticum ATCC12535 and TMS516. The optimum pH of the elastase activity was about 8.0. The activity was suppressed by Ni, Zn, Co, EDTA, and o‐phenanthroline, and accelerated by Cu and Fe.The minimum dose of the elastase causing ophthalmia in the eyes of rabbits was 5 μg/eye (0.065 elastase units). The minimum lethal dose of the elastase for suckling mice by intracerebral injection was 0.4 μg (0.0052 elastase units)/suckling mouse, and its minimum lethal dose for adult mice by intraperitoneal injection was 740 μg/mouse (9.52 elastase units).
Further Studies of the Use of Cycloheximide for Cultivating Mycobacterium lapraemurium in Cell Culture
Authors: Matsuo Yoshiyasu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe advantage of using cycloheximide for cultivating Mycobacterium lepraemurium in cell culture was further demonstrated. Continuous multiplication of the bacillus in successive subcultures was obtained in MFP, HEp‐2 and Vero cells maintained in culture medium containing 0.1 μg of cycloheximide per ml. Growth characteristics were comparable to those observed in the cultures of A31 cells previously reported. The procedure was simple and convenient. Comparable results, however, have not been obtained in cultures of other established cell lines, HeLa 229, L, MDCK, and Neuro‐2a.
Dengue Type 2 Virus Infection in Human Peripheral Blood Monocyte Cultures
Authors: Hotta Hak , Wiharta Agus S. , Hotta Susumu , Homma Morio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDengue type 2 virus (D2V) infection in cultured human monocytes was studied. D2V permissiveness of the monocytes was enhanced when the cells were inoculated with D2V in the presence of either polyclonal or type‐specific monoclonal anti‐dengue antibody. The enhancement of D2V permissiveness mediated by the antibodies was more clearly demonstrated when the monocytes had been treated with trypsin before virus inoculation, though treatment of the cells with trypsin alone decreased D2V permissiveness. The enhancement of infection by type‐specific neutralizing monoclonal antibody suggests that the D2V particles possess at least two antigenic determinants closely associated with virus infectivity.Infectious center assays revealed that the infection enhancement in the presence of the antibodies was due primarily to an increase in the number of D2V‐infected cells, and that only a small proportion of the monocyte population supported D2V replication. The virus‐permissive monocytes did not bear HLA‐DR antigens on their cell surface. The presence of nonadherent lymphocytes in the monocyte cultures before D2V inoculation did not affect the D2V permissiveness of the monocytes.Treatment of cultured monocytes with the synthetic adjuvants N‐acetylmuramyl‐L‐alanyl‐D‐isoglutamine (MDP) and its lipophilic derivative, [B30]‐MDP, did not significantly affect the D2V permissiveness of the cells.