bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional Impairment in Adult Sleepwalkers: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Lopez Regis , Jaussent Isabelle , Scholz Sabine , Bayard Sophie , Montplaisir Jacques , Dauvilliers Yves 
Published: February 2013

AbstractStudy Objectives:To investigate the restorative quality of sleep and daytime functioning in sleepwalking adult patients in comparison with controls.Design:Prospective case-control study.Setting:Data were collected at the Sleep Disorders Center, Hôpital-Gui-de Chauliac, Montpellier, France between June 2007 and January 2011.Participants:There were 140 adult sleepwalkers (100 (median age 30 y, 55% male) in whom primary SW was diagnosed) who underwent 1 night of video polysomnography. All patients participated in a standardized clinical interview and completed a battery of questionnaires to assess clinical characteristics of parasomnia, daytime sleepiness, fatigue, insomnia, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and health-related quality of life. Results were compared with those of 100 sex- and age-matched normal controls.Interventions:N/A.Measurements and Results:Of the sleepwalkers, 22.3% presented with daily episodes and 43.5% presented with weekly episodes. Median age at sleepwalking onset was 9 y. Familial history of sleepwalking was reported in 56.6% of sleepwalkers and violent sleep related behaviors in 57.9%, including injuries requiring medical care for at least one episode in 17%. Significant associations were found between sleepwalking and daytime sleepiness, fatigue, insomnia, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and altered quality of life. Early-onset sleepwalkers had higher frequency of violent behaviors and injuries. Sleepwalkers with violent behaviors had higher frequency of sleep terrors and triggering factors, with greater alteration in health-related quality of life.Conclusion:Adult sleepwalking is a potentially serious condition that may induce violent behaviors, self-injury or injury to bed partners, sleep disruption, excessive daytime sleepiness, fatigue, and psychological distress, all of which affect health-related quality of life.
Evaluation of a Noninvasive Algorithm for Differentiation of Obstructive and Central Hypopneas
Authors: Randerath Winfried J. , Treml Marcel , Priegnitz Christina , Stieglitz Sven , Hagmeyer Lars , Morgenstern Christian 
Published: February 2013

AbstractStudy Objectives:The clear discrimination of central and obstructive hypopneas is highly relevant to avoid misinterpretation and inappropriate treatment of complicated breathing patterns. Esophageal manometry is the accepted standard for the differentiation of the phenotypes of sleep apnea. However, it is limited in its use due to poor acceptance by patients and therefore rarely performed in routine clinical practice. Flattening of the inspiratory airflow curve, paradoxical breathing, arousal position, sleep stages, and breathing pattern at the end of the hypopnea can each give hints for the classification of hypopnea. The aim of this study was to evaluate a standardized algorithm combining these polysomnographic parameters for the discrimination of hypopneas in everyday practice.Methods:Polysomnography (PSG) and esophageal manometry were performed in 41 patients suspected of having sleep apnea (33 male, 52.3 ± 15.9 yr, body mass index 28.6 ± 4.5 kg/m2). Hypopneas were independently discriminated by blinded investigators based on esophageal pressure and the PSG-based algorithm. Only those hypopneas that could be differentiated with both methods were evaluated.Results:There were 1,175 of 1,837 hypopneas (64%) that could be defined by esophageal pressure, 1,812 (98.6%) by the PSG-based algorithm. Using esophageal pressure as a reference, the new algorithm correctly defined 76.9% of central and 60.5% of obstructive hypopneas. The overall accuracy was 68%. The isolated analysis of single PSG parameters revealed a lower accuracy compared with the combined algorithm.Conclusions:The PSG-based algorithm allows for discrimination of most hypopneas. It is advantageous in comparison with esophageal pressure because it is noninvasive and less impaired by artefacts. Therefore, it is a potentially helpful tool for sleep specialists.
Tongue and Lateral Upper Airway Movement with Mandibular Advancement
Authors: Brown Elizabeth C. , Cheng Shaokoon , McKenzie David K. , Butler Jane E. , Gandevia Simon C. , Bilston Lynne E. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractStudy Objectives:To characterize tongue and lateral upper airway movement and to image tongue deformation during mandibular advancement.Design:Dynamic imaging study of a wide range of apnea hypopnea index (AHI), body mass index (BMI) subjects.Setting:Not-for-profit research institute.Participants:30 subjects (aged 31-69 y, AHI 0-75 events/h, BMI 17-39 kg/m2).Interventions:Subjects were imaged using dynamic tagged magnetic resonance imaging during mandibular advancement. Tissue displacements were quantified with the harmonic phase technique.Measurements and Results:Mean mandibular advancement was 5.6 ± 1.8 mm (mean ± standard deviation). This produced movement through a connection from the ramus of the mandible to the pharyngeal lateral walls in all subjects. In the sagittal plane, 3 patterns of posterior tongue deformation were seen with mandibular advancement—(A) en bloc anterior movement, (B) anterior movement of the oropharyngeal region, and (C) minimal anterior movement. Subjects with lower AHI were more likely to have en bloc movement (P = 0.04) than minimal movement. Antero-posterior elongation of the tongue increased with AHI (R = 0.461, P = 0.01). Mean anterior displacements of the posterior nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal regions of the tongue were 20% ± 13% and 31% ± 17% of mandibular advancement. The posterior tongue compressed 1.1 ± 2.2 mm supero-inferiorly.Conclusions:Mandibular advancement has two mechanisms of action which increase airway size. In subjects with low AHI, the entire tongue moves forward. Mandibular advancement also produces lateral airway expansion via a direct connection between the lateral walls and the ramus of the mandible.
Effects of Stressor Predictability on Escape Learning and Sleep in Mice
Authors: Machida Mayumi , Yang Linghui , Wellman Laurie L. , Sanford Larry D. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractStudy Objectives:Controllable stress, modeled by escapable shock (ES), can produce significant alterations in post-stress sleep, including increased rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Recent work has demonstrated that post-stress sleep may be influenced by stressor predictability, modeled by predictive auditory cues. In this study, we trained mice with ES, either signaled (SES) or unsignaled (UES) by auditory cues, and investigated the effects of predictability on escape learning and sleep associated with ES.Design:Adult male BALB/cJ mice were implanted for recording electroencephalography and activity via telemetry. After the mice recovered from surgery, baseline sleep recordings were obtained. The mice were then randomly assigned to SES and UES conditions. Both groups had control over the duration of footshocks (0.5 mA; 5.0 sec maximum duration) by moving to the non-occupied chamber in a shuttlebox. SES mice were presented tones (90 dB, 2 kHz, 10 sec maximum duration) that started 5.0 sec prior to and co-terminated with footshocks. UES mice were presented identical tones that were not synchronized to shock presentation. ES training continued for 2 consecutive days (EST1 and EST2) with 20 footshock presentations (1 min inter-stimulus intervals). Seven days after EST2, the animals were re-exposed to the training chamber (context) alone for 30 min.Measurements and Results:Escape latency was used to determine successful or unsuccessful escape learning. Sleep was scored for 20 h for baseline and on each treatment day. Freezing in the training context was scored as a behavioral index of fear. Nine of 14 SES mice successfully learned escape (SESl), and 5 failed to learn escape (SESf). Compared with baseline, SESl mice, but not SESf mice, showed significantly increased post-shock REM. All UES mice learned escape and showed enhanced post-shock REM. Freezing and sleep did not differ among groups on the context re-exposure day.Conclusions:The results indicate that information available in a stressful situation can affect an animal's ability to learn an appropriate response and post-stress sleep.
La réhabilitation par l’intervention : trajectoire inusitée ?
Authors: Tremblay Pierre , Ouellet Frédéric 
Published: February 2013

On ne s’est guère intéressé aux trajectoires de vie « résiduelles » des ex-détenus qui ont cessé leurs activités criminelles, au sort des ex-toxicomanes qui ont cessé leur consommation ou aux trajectoires de vie des pédophiles qui ont opté pour l’abstinence. L’objet d’étude de cet article est d’examiner la trajectoire de vie d’un entrepreneur moral autodidacte qui a retrouvé le chemin de la reconnaissance sociale et professionnelle en trouvant une solution originale (et efficace) pour venir en aide à ceux qui ont connu des déboires analogues aux siens. Cet entrepreneur a consacré une partie importante de sa vie à une entreprise morale, que sa réussite, comme entrepreneur moral, avait été d’avoir gagné l’estime des intervenants dans le champ très réglementé des services qui sont offerts aux personnes aux prises avec un problème aigu de dépendance. L’étude propose d’examiner les mécanismes qui ont rendu possible cette réussite.
Reduced mortality rates in a cohort of long‐term underground iron‐ore miners
Authors: Björ Ove , Jonsson Håkan , Damber Lena , Wahlström Jens , Nilsson Tohr 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackgroundHistorically, working in iron‐ore mines has been associated with an increased risk of lung cancer and silicosis. However, studies on other causes of mortality are inconsistent and in the case of cancer incidence, sparse. The aim of this study was to examine the association between iron‐ore mining, mortality and cancer incidence.MethodsA 54‐year cohort study on iron‐ore miners from mines in northern Sweden was carried out comprising 13,000 workers. Standardized rate ratios were calculated comparing the disease frequency, mortality, and cancer incidence with that of the general population of northern Sweden. Poisson regression was used to evaluate the association between the durations of employment and underground work, and outcome.ResultsUnderground mining was associated with a significant decrease in adjusted mortality rate ratios for cerebrovascular and digestive system diseases, and stroke. For several outcomes, elevated standardized rate ratios were observed among blue‐collar workers relative to the reference population. However, only the incidence of lung cancer increased with employment time underground (P < 0.001).ConclusionsLong‐term iron‐ore mining underground was associated with lower rates regarding several health outcomes. This is possibly explained by factors related to actual job activities, environmental exposure, or the selection of healthier workers for long‐term underground employment. Am. J. Ind. Med. 56:531–540, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dental wear among cercopithecid monkeys of the Taï forest, Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Morse Paul E. , Daegling David J. , McGraw W. Scott , Pampush James D. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTStudies of dental macrowear can be useful for understanding masticatory and ingestive behavior, life history, and for inferring dietary information from the skeletal material of extinct and extant primates. Such studies to date have tended to focus on one or two teeth, potentially missing information that can be garnered through examination of wear patterns across the tooth row. Our study measured macrowear in the postcanine teeth of three sympatric cercopithecid species from the Taï Forest, Côte d'Ivoire (Cercocebus atys, Procolobus badius, and Colobus polykomos), whose diets have been well‐described. Inter‐specific analyses suggest that different diets and ingestive behaviors are characterized by different patterns of wear across the molar row, with Cercocebus atys emphasizing tooth use near P4‐M1, P. badius emphasizing a large amount of tooth use near M2‐M3, and Colobus polykomos exhibiting wear more evenly across the postcanine teeth. Information regarding differential tooth use across the molar row may be more informative than macrowear analysis of isolated teeth for making inferences about primate feeding behavior. Am J Phys Anthropol 150:655–665, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gespannte Moleküle in der Naturstoffsynthese
Authors: Wilson Matthew R. , Taylor Richard E. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractGespannte Moleküle sind von außerordentlichem Interesse in der Chemie, und ihre hochenergetischen Bindungen dienen als “Treibstoff” für komplexe Synthesen. Entwicklungen auf diesem Gebiet führten in jüngster Zeit zur vermehrten Nutzung gespannter Alkene als Intermediate in der Naturstoffsynthese. Dieser Kurzaufsatz präsentiert diese neuen Fortschritte zusammen mit Entwicklungen im Hinblick auf das Verständnis der einzigartigen Reaktivität gespannter Alkene.
Photonen aufkonvertierende Nanopartikel zur optischen Codierung und zum Multiplexing von Zellen, Biomolekülen und Mikrosphären
Authors: Gorris Hans H. , Wolfbeis Otto S. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractPhotonen aufkonvertierende Nanopartikel (photon upconverting nanoparticles, UCNPs) sind Lanthanoid‐dotierte Nanokristalle, die unter Nahinfrarotanregung sichtbares Licht emittieren (Anti‐Stokes‐Emission). Diese einzigartige optische Eigenschaft schließt Hintergrundfluoreszenz und Lichtstreuung durch biologisches Material aus. Ein weiteres Kennzeichen der UCNPs ist die Emission von mehreren schmalen Emissionslinien, was neue Wege für die optische Codierung bereitet. Eindeutige Emissionssignaturen können erzielt werden, indem man die Mehrfachemission der UCNPs durch die Zusammensetzung der Dotanden oder durch eine Oberflächenmodifikation mit Farbstoffen einstellt. Wenn nur die Intensität einer Emissionslinie justiert wird, während eine weitere Emissionslinie als konstantes Referenzsignal fungiert, können ratiometrische Codes entwickelt werden, die unabhängig von Schwankungen der absoluten Signalintensitäten sind. Die Kombination mehrerer UCNPs, die jeweils durch ihre Kennung aus Emissionslinien eindeutig identifizierbar sind, erhöht den Umfang der Codierungen exponentiell und schafft so die Voraussetzungen zur Steigerung der Mehrfachdetektion von Analyten. Dieser Aufsatz zeigt das Potenzial der UCNPs zur Markierung und Codierung von Biomolekülen, Mikrosphären und sogar ganzen Zellen auf.
Mechanical properties and network structure of phenol resin crosslinked hydrogenated acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber
Authors: Osaka Noboru , Kato Masahiro , Saito Hiromu 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe tough and stretchable crosslinked hydrogenated acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber (HNBR) could be prepared by resol type phenol resin as a crosslinker. The mechanical properties and the network structure of the phenol resin crosslinked HNBR were investigated by comparing with those of the peroxide crosslinked HNBR having the higher crosslink density and the heterogeneous network structure. The elastic modulus and the strain at break of the phenol resin crosslinked HNBR were much higher than those of the peroxide one. The residual strain was below 20 % after stretching up to 650 % and then releasing from the cramps. Since the crosslink density is low, the high elastic modulus and the good recovery deformation are attributed to the stiffness and rigidity of the crosslink junctions obtained by phenol resin. Small‐angle X‐ray scattering measurements revealed that the network structure is spatially homogeneous and the results of the wide angle X‐ray diffraction indicate that the strain‐induced crystallization is suppressed, which enable the longer elongation. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Preparation of polyester resin/graphene oxide nanocomposite with improved mechanical strength
Authors: Bora Chandramika , Gogoi Pronob , Baglari Silpi , Dolui Swapan K. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractGraphene oxide (GO) has attracted huge scientific interest due to its unique physical and chemical properties as well as its wide‐scale applicability including facile synthesis and high yield. Here, we report preparation of nanocomposites based on GO and unsaturated polyester resin (PE). The synthesized samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and tensile strength measurements. A good dispersion of the GO sheets within the resin matrix was observed from the morphological analysis. A significant enhancement in mechanical properties of the PE/GO composites is obtained at low graphene loading. Around 76% improvement of tensile strength and 41% increase of Young's modulus of the composites are achieved at 3 wt % loading of GO. Thermal analysis of the composite showed a noticeable improvement in thermal stability in comparison to neat PE. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Effects of isolation and fishing on the marine ecosystems of Easter Island and Salas y Gómez, Chile
Authors: Friedlander Alan M. , Ballesteros Enric , Beets Jim , Berkenpas Eric , Gaymer Carlos F. , Gorny Matthias , Sala Enric 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTAn expedition to Salas y Gómez and Easter islands was conducted to develop a comprehensive baseline of the nearshore marine ecosystem, to survey seamounts of the recently created Motu Motiro Hiva Marine Park (MMHMP) – a no‐take marine reserve of 150 000 km2 – and to compare these results with Easter Island where the marine ecosystem is similar but has no marine protection.Live coral cover was surprisingly high at both Easter Island (53%) and Salas y Gómez (44%), especially considering their sub‐tropical location, high wave energy environments, and geographic isolation.Endemic and regionally‐endemic species comprised 77% of the fish abundance at Easter Island and 73% at Salas y Gómez. Fish biomass at Salas y Gómez was relatively high (1.2 t ha‐1) and included a large proportion of apex predators (43%), whereas at Easter Island it was almost three times lower (0.45 t ha‐1) with large predators accounting for less than 2% of the biomass, despite good habitat quality.The large cohort of small sharks and the absence of larger sharks at Salas y Gómez suggest mesopredator release consistent with recent shark fishing. The fish fauna at the seamounts between Easter Island and Salas y Gómez, outside of MMHMP, harboured 46% endemic species, including a new species of damselfish (Chromis sp. nov.) and probably a new species of Chimaera (Hydrolagus). Numerous seamounts adjacent to Salas y Gómez are currently not included in the MMHMP.This expedition highlights the high biodiversity value of this remote part of the Pacific owing to the uniqueness (endemicity) of the fauna, large apex predator biomass, and geographic isolation.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of potential biomarkers from microarray experiments using multiple criteria optimization
Authors: Sánchez‐Peña Matilde L. , Isaza Clara E. , Pérez‐Morales Jaileene , Rodríguez‐Padilla Cristina , Castro José M. , Cabrera‐Ríos Mauricio 
Published: February 2013

AbstractMicroarray experiments are capable of determining the relative expression of tens of thousands of genes simultaneously, thus resulting in very large databases. The analysis of these databases and the extraction of biologically relevant knowledge from them are challenging tasks. The identification of potential cancer biomarker genes is one of the most important aims for microarray analysis and, as such, has been widely targeted in the literature. However, identifying a set of these genes consistently across different experiments, researches, microarray platforms, or cancer types is still an elusive endeavor. Besides the inherent difficulty of the large and nonconstant variability in these experiments and the incommensurability between different microarray technologies, there is the issue of the users having to adjust a series of parameters that significantly affect the outcome of the analyses and that do not have a biological or medical meaning. In this study, the identification of potential cancer biomarkers from microarray data is casted as a multiple criteria optimization (MCO) problem. The efficient solutions to this problem, found here through data envelopment analysis (DEA), are associated to genes that are proposed as potential cancer biomarkers. The method does not require any parameter adjustment by the user, and thus fosters repeatability. The approach also allows the analysis of different microarray experiments, microarray platforms, and cancer types simultaneously. The results include the analysis of three publicly available microarray databases related to cervix cancer. This study points to the feasibility of modeling the selection of potential cancer biomarkers from microarray data as an MCO problem and solve it using DEA. Using MCO entails a new optic to the identification of potential cancer biomarkers as it does not require the definition of a threshold value to establish significance for a particular gene and the selection of a normalization procedure to compare different experiments is no longer necessary.
The Involvement of Clinical Psychologists in Child Protection Work
Authors: McKenzie Karen , Cossar Jill 
Published: February 2013

Key Practitioner Messages:

Most clinical psychologists are involved in child protection and see the key advantages as: increased protection of children; provision of psychological expertise and evidence‐based practice.
Identified barriers to this work were difficulties due to multi‐agency work and limited time and resources.
Most participants rated themselves as at least ‘medium’ on confidence, motivation, interest, skills and experience in relation to child protection, with those working in the child specialty having significantly higher ratings.
Supported Noble Metals on Hydrogen‐Treated TiO2 Nanotube Arrays as Highly Ordered Electrodes for Fuel Cells
Authors: Zhang Changkun , Yu Hongmei , Li Yongkun , Gao Yuan , Zhao Yun , Song Wei , Shao Zhigang , Yi Baolian 
Published: February 2013

AbstractHydrogen‐treated TiO2 nanotube (H–TNT) arrays serve as highly ordered nanostructured electrode supports, which are able to significantly improve the electrochemical performance and durability of fuel cells. The electrical conductivity of H–TNTs increases by approximately one order of magnitude in comparison to air‐treated TNTs. The increase in the number of oxygen vacancies and hydroxyl groups on the H–TNTs help to anchor a greater number of Pt atoms during Pt electrodeposition. The H–TNTs are pretreated by using a successive ion adsorption and reaction (SIAR) method that enhances the loading and dispersion of Pt catalysts when electrodeposited. In the SIAR method a Pd activator can be used to provide uniform nucleation sites for Pt and leads to increased Pt loading on the H‐TNTs. Furthermore, fabricated Pt nanoparticles with a diameter of 3.4 nm are located uniformly around the pretreated H–TNT support. The as‐prepared and highly ordered electrodes exhibit excellent stability during accelerated durability tests, particularly for the H–TNT‐loaded Pt catalysts that have been annealed in ultrahigh purity H2 for a second time. There is minimal decrease in the electrochemical surface area of the as‐prepared electrode after 1000 cycles compared to a 68 % decrease for the commercial JM 20 % Pt/C electrode after 800 cycles. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows that after the H–TNT‐loaded Pt catalysts are annealed in H2 for the second time, the strong metal–support interaction between the H–TNTs and the Pt catalysts enhances the electrochemical stability of the electrodes. Fuel‐cell testing shows that the power density reaches a maximum of 500 mW cm−2 when this highly ordered electrode is used as the anode. When used as the cathode in a fuel cell with extra‐low Pt loading, the new electrode generates a specific power density of 2.68 kW gPt−1. It is indicated that H–TNT arrays, which have highly ordered nanostructures, could be used as ordered electrode supports.