bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Cemented and Uncemented Fixation in Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Brown Thomas E. , Harper Benjamin L. , Bjorgul Kristian 
Published: May 2013

Educational Objectives

As a result of reading this article, physicians should be able to:

1.
Understand the rationale behind using uncemented fixation in total knee arthroplasty.

2.
Discuss the current literature comparing cemented and uncemented total knee arthroplasty

3.
Describe the value of radiostereographic analysis in assessing implant stability.

4.
Appreciate the limitations in the available literature advocating 1 mode of fixation in total knee arthroplasty.

Total knee arthroplasty performed worldwide uses either cemented, cementless, or hybrid (cementless femur with a cemented tibia) fixation of the components. No recent literature review concerning the outcomes of cemented vs noncemented components has been performed. Noncemented components offer the potential advantage of a biologic interface between the bone and implants, which could demonstrate the greatest advantage in long-term durable fixation in the follow-up of young patients undergoing arthroplasty. Several advances have been made in the backing of the tibial components that have not been available long enough to yield long-term comparative follow-up studies. Short-term radiostereographic analysis studies have yielded differing results. Although long-term, high-quality studies are still needed, material advances in biologic fixation surfaces, such as trabecular metal and hydroxyapatite, may offer promising results for young and active patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty when compared with traditional cemented options.
Minimum 5-year Follow-up for Primary THA Using a Tapered, Proximally Coated Cementless Stem
Authors: Kolisek Frank R. , Issa Kimona , Harwin Steven F. , Jaggard Charles , Naziri Qais , Mont Michael A. 
Published: May 2013

The purpose of this study was to assess the survivorship of a proximally coated, cementless femoral stem used for total hip arthroplasty at a minimum 5-year follow-up by assessing clinical outcomes and implant survival. A total of 936 primary total hip arthroplasties were performed in 854 patients by 3 high-volume surgeons between 2001 and 2007. Patients included 385 men and 469 women with a mean age of 56 years (range, 20–88 years) and a mean follow-up of 7 years (range, 5–11 years). The aseptic revision rate related to the femoral component was 0.3%. Three patients underwent revision of the femoral component. Mean postoperative Harris Hip Score improved to 91 points (range, 70–100 points). When stratified by primary cause of total hip arthroplasty, no differences were found in implant survivorship or postoperative Harris Hip Scores. With the exception of the 3 patients who underwent revision surgery, postoperative radiographic evaluation of the stems demonstrated no progressive radiolucencies, component malalignment, change in component position, or implant subsidence at most recent follow-up.
These results are encouraging and indicate a 0.3% revision rate for the femoral component. The cause of primary total hip arthroplasty did not affect the clinical outcomes. These types of prostheses will provide patients with a stable implant that is expected to have excellent durability and longevity.
Pseudotumor Associated With Metal-on-Polyethylene Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Scully William F. , Teeny Steven M. 
Published: May 2013

This case report details the presentation, imaging results, and operative findings of a pseudotumor associated with a press-fit metal-on-polyethylene total hip arthroplasty (THA). An 80-year-old man presented approximately 7 years after undergoing THA with worsening right groin and lateral hip pain with an associated proximal thigh mass. Physical examination demonstrated a tender, large anterolateral thigh mass that was also evident on metal artifact reduction sequence magnetic resonance imaging.
An exploratory operative procedure revealed extensive tissue necrosis involving nearly the entire hip capsule, short external rotators, and tendinous portion of the gluteus medius muscle. In addition, marked surface corrosion was discovered about the taper at the head-neck junction of the prosthetic femoral component and the trunnion within the femoral head. The press-fit THA components were solidly fixed. The metallic head was replaced with a ceramic component, and the polyethylene liner was exchanged. The patient had complete resolution of his preoperative symptoms but had persistent problems with dislocations.
Although reports of pseudotumor and local soft tissue reactions associated with metal-on-metal THAs have become increasingly ubiquitous in the literature, similar reports involving metal-on-polyethylene THA implants are less common.
Totally Cystic Schwannoma of the Lumbar Spine
Authors: Wu Desheng , Ba Zhaoyu , Huang Yufeng , Zhao Weidong , Shen Bin , Kan Heng 
Published: May 2013

A schwannoma is a benign tumor arising from a schwann cell and occurs mainly in the nerve sheath in the intradural extramedullary region. Schwannomas have been well described as occurring in the lumbar spine, but total cystic degeneration of schwannomas is rarely reported. The authors describe the clinical and radiographic evaluations and treatment of a rare case of an intraextradural totally cystic schwannoma on the lumbar spine.
Two patients reported a history of 6 to 12 months of pain accompanied by weakness in the lower extremities. On examination, 1 patient had bilateral lower-extremity muscle strength graded at 4/5, and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a cystic schwannoma (1.5×2.0 cm in the sagittal dimension) at L2–L3. The other patient had a right lower-extremity muscle strength graded at 3/5, and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a cystic schwannoma (2.0×3.0 cm in the sagittal dimension) at L4–L5. The patients underwent operative treatment, and the tumors were completely removed, as were the filum terminale adhered to the tumor. Pedicle screws were used to maintain stability of the lumbar spine. Gross examination of the tumors showed yellowish-white soft contents. Histologic examination confirmed that they were benign totally cystic schwannomas. Postoperatively, the patients’ neurologic symptoms completely resolved.
Cystic schwannomas can be diagnosed using preoperative magnetic resonance imaging. The filum terminale cut off the tumor walls did not cause the clinical symptoms in the 2 patients.
TLR3-Triggered Reactive Oxygen Species Contribute to Inflammatory Responses by Activating Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription-1
Authors: Yang Chul-Su , Kim Jwa-Jin , Lee Sung Joong , Hwang Jung Hwan , Lee Chul-Ho , Lee Myung-Shik , Jo Eun-Kyeong 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential secondary messengers in many signaling cascades governing innate immunity and cellular functions. TLR3 signaling is crucially involved in antiviral innate and inflammatory responses; however, the roles of ROS in TLR3 signaling remain largely unknown. In this study, we show that TLR3-induced ROS generation is required for the activation of NF-κB, IFN-regulatory factor 3, and STAT1-mediated innate immune responses in macrophages. TLR3 induction led to a rapid increase in ROS generation and a physical association between components of the NADPH oxidase (NOX) enzyme complex (NOX2 and p47phox) and TLR3 via a Ca2+-c-Src tyrosine kinase–dependent pathway. TLR3-induced ROS generation, NOX2, and p47phox were required for the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of STAT1 and STAT2. TLR3-induced activation of STAT1 contributed to the generation of inflammatory mediators, which was significantly attenuated in NOX2- and p47phox-deficient macrophages, suggesting a role for ROS-STAT1 in TLR3-mediated innate immune responses. Collectively, these results provide a novel insight into the crucial role that TLR3-ROS signaling plays in innate immune responses by activating STAT1.
L’impermanence du musée
Authors: Landry Anik , Schiele Bernard 
Published: May 2013

Les auteurs décrivent la mise en perspective de l’évolution récente de l’institution muséale en trois phases successives. La première couvre grosso modo la période qui va de la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale aux années 1990 ; elle fait fond sur la volonté de démocratiser le musée. La seconde coïncide avec l’arrivée de l’interactivité et l’autonomisation de l’exposition dans le contexte de la poussée néo-libérale. Cette tendance, qui s’affirme à partir des années 1980, domine aujourd’hui. La troisième est marquée par une affirmation identitaire déjà manifeste dès les années 1990. Mais comme le montrent Anik Landry et Bernard Schiele, cette poussée de l’identitaire est multiforme et déstabilise, de ce fait, l’édification d’un monde commun qui était placée au fondement même de la fonction symbolique du musée depuis la Révolution.
Pollen morphology of <i>Prototulbaghia Vosa</i>: A comparative palynological study of the Southern African Alliaceae.
Authors: Andriessen Melissa , Struwig Madeleen , Siebert Stefan J. 
Published: May 2013

The Southern African Alliaceae Borkh. is represented by four genera (Allium L., Nothoscordum Kunth, Tulbaghia L. and Prototulbaghia Vosa) and 28 species. The pollen morphology of the endangered monotypic genus Prototulbaghia has not been described before. A comparative study of the pollen morphology of Prototulbaghia siebertii Vosa, Nothoscordum borbonicum Kunth, Tulbaghia simmleri P.Beauv. and T. violaceae Harv. is presented in this article. Scanning electron microscopy, as well as light microscopy, were used to examine the pollen. The pollen morphology of the species can be described as perprolate and monosulcate, and the surface sculpture as reticulate and heterobrochate. However, the pollen of Prototulbaghia siebertii displays a unique characteristic as the grains are folded in their breadth with the tips touching, hence causing the grain to display a triangular and disulcate appearance. It might be possible to ascribe this fold to the process of harmomegathy or a still unknown event that occurs during the development of the pollen grain. This phenomenon should be further investigated to determine the cause of folding and whether it is a unique taxonomic characteristic of this genus, and if it could be of evolutionary significance for the Alliaceae.
Weighted Carleson Measure Spaces Associated with Different Homogeneities
Authors: Wu Xinfeng 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce weighted Carleson measure spaces associated with different homogeneities and prove that these spaces are the dual spaces of weighted Hardy spaces studied in a forthcoming paper. As an application, we establish the boundedness of composition of two Calderón–Zygmund operators with different homogeneities on the weighted Carleson measure spaces; this, in particular, provides the weighted endpoint estimates for the operators studied by Phong–Stein.
Inhibition of Isorhamnetin on β-Catenin/Tcf Signaling and β-Catenin-Activated Melanogenesis
Authors: Seyeon Park  , Hana Choi  , Yun Joo Kim  
Published: May 2013

Activated β-catenin/T-cell factor (Tcf) signaling plays various roles in human cell mechanisms. We identified the inhibitory effect of isorhamnetin against β-catenin/Tcf signaling in β-catenin activated cells. Isorhamnetin inhibited the transcriptional activity of β-catenin/Tcf in HEK293 cells transiently transfected with a constitutively active mutant β-catenin gene. Also, isorhamnetin inhibited theβ-catenin-activated melanogenesis in B16F1 cells. Regarding the inhibitory mechanism, the shift assay showed that the binding of Tcf complexes with its specific DNA-binding sites was suppressed byisorhamnetin. Western blot analysis showed a decreased level of β-catenin in nucleus caused by isorhamnetin. These results suggest that the isorhamnetin acts as a negative regulator of β-catenin/Tcf signaling and its inhibitory mechanism is related to the decreased binding of β-catenin/Tcf complexes to consensus DNA.
Marie de la Trinité et la question du Père : aperçus psychanalytiques
Authors: Arènes Jacques 
Published: May 2013

Marie de la Trinité est une mystique contemporaine dont Jacques Lacan fut l’analyste. Cette trajectoire est paradigmatique de la manière dont une mystique rencontre la souffrance psychique dans le paysage culturel du milieu du xxe siècle. La pensée de Jacques Lacan concernant la mystique, ainsi que des considérations psychanalytiques plus générales à propos de la paternité, sont mises en relation avec la logique apophatique de cette spirituelle. Cette mystique « antinaturelle » se déploie en une sécheresse vertigineuse, à la lisière du Symbolique, et dans une fascination vis-à-vis de l’attraction du Père, impérieuse et contrariée. L’article analyse en particulier, à travers la figure de Marie de la Trinité, la manière dont la mystique contemporaine se confronte, dans le champ chrétien, à la question de la mort de Dieu, et du déclin du Père.
Langage, discours, réalité
Authors: Guibal Francis 
Published: May 2013

Pour relever le défi de l’irruption dans notre modernité d’une violence radicale, il faut, selon Éric Weil, inscrire la cohérence des discours dans l’espace premier du langage et de sa négativité créatrice. S’il est possible, alors, de procéder à une mise en ordre logique des divers types d’intelligibilité élaborés dans l’histoire, c’est en subordonnant l’ensemble de ces catégories concrètes aux deux catégories formelles du sens et de la sagesse, de la compréhension et de la vie selon la compréhension. La philosophie se comprend ainsi dans le tout de la réalité qui se révèle en elle : sa systématicité dialogique a pour corollaire une ouverture sans réserve à l’extériorité du monde et de l’histoire. Cette transcendance dans l’immanence, à l’épreuve de la relativité de la condition, est-elle susceptible de rencontrer et d’accueillir l’attestation religieuse d’une transcendance absolue ? C’est la question que l’on se risque à poser pour finir.
Actualité de la Théologie de la libération
Authors: de Aquino Júnior Francisco , Carrier Yves 
Published: May 2013

L’article traite de l’actualité de la Théologie de la libération. Il débute par
une explication du double sens de l’expression Théologie de la libération (praxis
théologale — théorie théologique) et des « intuitions centrales » qui la
caractérisent et la structurent intérieurement (primat
de la praxis et de la perspective du pauvre et de l’opprimé).
Ensuite, il confronte la problématique de l’actualité de cette théologie (présence,
visibilité, importance, pertinence). Enfin, il aborde ce que nous considérons comme
ses défis les plus importants et les plus fondamentaux : partialité de Dieu pour les
pauvres, foi comme réalisation de la volonté de Dieu, problématique des médiations,
caractère théologal-prophétique des luttes populaires et relation entre théorie et
praxis.
La représentation sociale de l’espace traditionnel des autochtones par rapport à celle du territoire des allochtones : l’exemple de la forêt mauricienne, 1534-1934
Authors: Marchand Mario 
Published: May 2013

Envisager l’histoire environnementale de la forêt au regard des représentations collectives n’est pas chose courante. C’est pourtant ce que nous proposons dans cet article qui porte sur la territorialité. Les représentations sont des images, des perceptions, voire des idées, qui prennent forme dans les mentalités à différentes époques. Elles s’inscrivent ici en comparaison avec deux imaginaires sociaux : celui des autochtones et celui des coloniaux (allochtones). Nous abordons également la transformation du paysage, dans la mesure où le rapport à l’environnement de sociétés différentes a eu des incidences sur la notion de territorialité. Cet article, tout en soulignant l’existence d’une territorialité autochtone originale, met en évidence le contexte d’appropriation du territoire et de transformation de l’environnement sous-jacent à la représentation allochtone (coloniale) de la forêt.
The Belmont Report
Authors: Zucker Deborah 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

The Belmont Report summarizes the basic ethical principles and guidelines identified by the commission to assist in the protection of human subjects in research. The report focuses on three main areas, (
1
) the boundaries between research and practice, (
2
) the basic ethical principles that should underlie the conduct of research (autonomy, beneficence, justice) and the protection of human subjects, and (
3
) the application of these principles into practice. The report outlines general recommendations regarding obtaining informed consent, the assessment of risk and benefit, and the recruitment of participants. The Belmont Report lays out many of the ethical considerations that, to this day, are used in formulating regulations and in ensuring the protection of human study volunteers.
Cluster Randomization
Authors: Klar Neil , Donner Allan 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to present a systematic and unified treatment of comparative trials that randomize intact social units, or clusters of individuals, to different intervention groups. Such trials have become particularly widespread in the evaluation of nontherapeutic interventions, including lifestyle modification, educational programs, and innovations in the provision of health care. Their increasing popularity over the last two decades has led to an extensive body of methodology and a growing, but somewhat scattered, literature that cuts across several disciplines in the statistical, social, and medical sciences.
Flexible Designs
Authors: Posch Martin , Bauer Peter , Brannath Werner 
Published: May 2013

AbstractFlexible designs allow for mid‐trial design adaptations in an adaptive interim analysis based on all information collected while controlling the type I error rate. Examples of such adaptations are, for example, sample size reassessment, addition or dropping of interim analysis, or dropping of treatment arms. The crucial feature of the adaptive procedure is that the adaptation rules need not be specified in advance.
Hazard Ratio
Authors: Schmoor Claudia , Graf Erika 
Published: May 2013

AbstractHazard ratios are useful measures to compare groups of patients with respect to a survival outcome. In the context of clinical trials “survival outcome” or “survival time” are used generically to denote the time “survived” from a specified time origin, like diagnosis of cancer, start of treatment, or first infarction, to a specific event of interest, like death, recurrence of cancer, or reinfarction. Broadly speaking, the hazard rate quantifies the risk of experiencing an event at a given point in time. The hazard ratio at that time is the ratio of this risk in one population divided by the risk in a second population chosen as reference group. The hazard ratio between two populations can vary over time. For a given point in time, hazard ratios below 1.0 indicate that the risk of the event is lower in the first group than the risk in the reference group, whereas a hazard ratio of 1.0 indicates equal risks, and values above 1.0 imply a higher risk in the first group compared with the reference population.
Large Simple Trials
Authors: Foulkes Mary A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractTrials that are both very large and simple are often needed to provide reliable answers to important clinical questions. Large, simple trials can demonstrate or exclude clinically meaningful, moderate treatment effects. The large sample size is necessary to overcome moderate biases and moderate random errors. The simple structure and conduct is necessary to make such trials feasible and practical. The various characteristics of large, simple trials will be illustrated with published examples.
Metadata
Authors: Christiansen David H. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Clinical trial metadata, or “data about data” define the characteristics of data and documents related to clinical trials. The most common metadata are attributes of clinical trial datasets submitted in support of a regulatory application for a new medical treatment. Clinical trial reports, regulatory submissions, and statistical analyses can also profit from metadata that clearly describe the content, structure, and use of these documents. Several organizations, including the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, are actively engaged in developing standard metadata for clinical trials. The increasing use of electronic regulatory submissions has heightened the interest in computerized or machine‐readable metadata. Standardized, predictable metadata in a computerized form provide the framework for the development of tools to assist in the creation and review of clinical trial reports and regulatory submissions. Furthermore, standardized metadata will provide the basis for development of review and analysis tools that can be used by both industry and regulators to expedite the timely and accurate evaluation of new medical treatments.
NOAA Would Receive an 11% Increase Under Obama Administration's Proposed Budget
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe White House's proposed fiscal year (FY) 2014 budget for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) would provide the agency with $5.45 billion, 11% above the FY 2012 spend plan of $4.91 billion (see Table ). The proposal, which was sent to Congress on 10 April, would increase funding for operations, research, and facilities to $3.41 billion (up 7.97% over FY 2012) and for procurement, acquisition, and construction to $2.12 billion (up 17.51%). The budget proposal uses the FY 2012 spend plan as a comparison because Congress approved the FY 2013 appropriations only a few weeks before the FY 2014 proposal was released.
Tumour Antigens Recognised by
T
Lymphocytes
Authors: Pang Ken C , Van den Eynde Benoît J , van der Bruggen Pierre , Chen Weisan 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Cancer cells bear markers (antigens) that identify them to the immune system. These antigens can be recognised by either cytotoxic or helper T lymphocytes, which can in turn produce a variety of anticancer effects, including direct lysis of tumour cells or indirect inhibition of tumour growth via the release of cytokines. Over the past two decades, the identity and structure of many different tumour antigens has been revealed via a range of different techniques. Some of these antigens are found only on tumour cells, whereas others can be found on both normal and cancerous tissues. Extensive efforts are currently underway to exploit this knowledge to develop effective therapeutic vaccines that elicit the immune system to eradicate cancer cells from the body.

Key Concepts:

Cancer cells bear markers (antigens) that identify them to the immune system.

Tumour antigens can be recognised by cytotoxic and helper T cells.

T cells can directly lyse tumour cells or inhibit tumour growth via cytokine release.

The identity and structure of many different tumour antigens are now known.

Tumour antigens can be classified into different groups based on their expression patterns.

Therapeutic vaccines that elicit the immune system to better recoginise tumour antigens have the potential to eradicate cancer cells from the body.