bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alternate‐day fasting diet improves fructose‐induced insulin resistance in mice
Authors: Beigy M. , Vakili S. , Berijani S. , Aminizade M. , Ahmadi‐Dastgerdi M. , Meshkani R. 
Published: January 2013

SummaryIncreased fructose consumption is linked to insulin resistance, weight gain, hyperlipidemia and hypertension. Although the advantages of several dietary restriction regimens have been demonstrated, the effects of alternate‐day fasting (ADF) on fructose‐induced insulin resistance have not yet been studied. This study is based on a new modification on ADF by combining the fructose‐rich solution (10% w/v) and regular mice diet. Mice were randomly allocated into four groups: ADF50% (50% restriction in chow food intake but ad libitum fructose drink), ADF100% (100% restriction for chow food but ad libitum fructose drink), control (ad libitum chow food intake plus tap water) and daily food and fructose (DFF) (had free access to both chow and fructose solution). Biweekly fasting blood sugar (FBS), glucose tolerance test (GTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) were conducted. All groups gained weight during the study (p < 0.05). Body weights of DFF and control groups did not differ from that of ADF groups, but ADF50% gained more (p < 0.01) weights than ADF100% through the study. Total calorie intake (feed + fast days) of ADF50% was higher than that of ADF100% (p < 0.001) and control (p < 0.03). In addition, ADF groups consumed more energy than the control and DFF groups in feed (ad libitum) days (p < 0.05). At the end of the study, the mean FBS levels in the control and ADF100% groups were similar and significantly lower in relation to that of DFF and ADF50% groups (p < 0.01). Measurements of area under the curve in GTT and ITT revealed that the ADF100% group was more insulin‐sensitive than the DFF and ADF50% groups. In conclusion, these data suggest that the ADF100% improves fructose‐induced insulin resistance in mice.
Stretch‐dependent sensitization of post‐junctional neural effectors in colonic muscles
Authors: Won K.‐J. , Sanders K. M. , Ward S. M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackground  The colon undergoes distension‐induced changes in motor activity as luminal contents or feces increase wall pressure. Input from enteric motor neurons regulates this motility. Here we examined stretch‐dependent responses in circular muscle strips of murine colon.Methods  Length ramps (6–31μm s−1) were applied in the axis of the circular muscle layer in a controlled manner until 5 mN isometric force was reached.Key Results  Length ramps produced transient membrane potential hyperpolarizations and attenuation of action potential (AP) complexes. Responses were reproducible when ramps were applied every 30 s. Stretch‐dependent hyperpolarization was blocked by TTX, suggesting AP‐dependent release of inhibitory neurotransmitter(s). Atropine did not potentiate stretch‐induced hyperpolarizations, but increased compliance of the circular layer. Nω‐nitro‐l‐arginine (l‐NNA) inhibited stretch‐dependent hyperpolarization and decreased muscle compliance, suggesting release of NO mediates stretch‐dependent inhibition. Control membrane potential was restored by the NO donor sodium nitorprusside. Stretch‐dependent hyperpolarizations were blocked by l‐methionine, an inhibitor of stretch‐dependent K+ (SDK) channels in colonic muscles. Loss of interstitial cells of Cajal, elicited by Kit neutralizing antibody, also inhibited responses to stretch. In presence of l‐NNA and apamin, stretch responses became excitatory and were characterized by membrane depolarization and increased AP firing. A neurokinin‐1 receptor antagonist inhibited this stretch‐dependent increase in excitability.Conclusions and Inferences  Our data show that stretch‐dependent responses in colonic muscles require tonic firing of enteric inhibitory neurons, but reflex activation of neurons does not appear to be necessary. NO causes activation of SDK channels, and stretch of muscles further activates these channels, explaining the inhibitory response to stretch in colonic muscle strips.
Role of neuronal and inducible nitric oxide synthases in the guinea pig ileum myenteric plexus during in vitro ischemia and reperfusion
Authors: Giaroni C. , Marchet S. , Carpanese E. , Prandoni V. , Oldrini R. , Bartolini B. , Moro E. , Vigetti D. , Crema F. , Lecchini S. , Frigo G. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackground  Intestinal ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury leads to abnormalities in motility, namely delay of transit, caused by damage to myenteric neurons. Alterations of the nitrergic transmission may occur in these conditions. This study investigated whether an in vitro I/R injury may affect nitric oxide (NO) production from the myenteric plexus of the guinea pig ileum and which NO synthase (NOS) isoform is involved.Methods  The distribution of the neuronal (n) and inducible (i) NOS was determined by immunohistochemistry during 60 min of glucose/oxygen deprivation (in vitro ischemia) followed by 60 min of reperfusion. The protein and mRNA levels of nNOS and iNOS were investigated by Western‐immunoblotting and real time RT‐PCR, respectively. NO levels were quantified as nitrite/nitrate.Key Results  After in vitro I/R the proportion of nNOS‐expressing neurons and protein levels remained unchanged. nNOS mRNA levels increased 60 min after inducing ischemia and in the following 5 min of reperfusion. iNOS‐immunoreactive neurons, protein and mRNA levels were up‐regulated during the whole I/R period. A significant increase of nitrite/nitrate levels was observed in the first 5 min after inducing I/R and was significantly reduced by Nω‐propyl‐l‐arginine and 1400 W, selective inhibitors of nNOS and iNOS, respectively.Conclusions & Inferences  Our data demonstrate that both iNOS and nNOS represent sources for NO overproduction in ileal myenteric plexus during I/R, although iNOS undergoes more consistent changes suggesting a more relevant role for this isoform in the alterations occurring in myenteric neurons following I/R.
Impact of protamine dose on activated clotting time and thromboelastography in infants and small children undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Gautam Nischal K. , Schmitz Michael L. , Harrison Dale , Zabala Luis M. , Killebrew Pamela , Belcher Ryan H. , Prodhan Parthak , Mckamie Wesley , Norvell Daniel C. 
Published: January 2013

SummaryObjectivesTo study the effect of two protamine‐dosing strategies on activated clotting time (ACT) and thromboelastography (TEG).BackgroundProtamine dosage based on neutralizing heparin present in the combined estimated blood volumes (EBVs) of the patient and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) pump may result in excess protamine and contributes toward a coagulopathy that can be detected by ACT and TEG in pediatric patients.MethodsA total of 100 pediatric patients 1 month to ≤5 years of age undergoing CPB were included in this retrospective before/after design study. Combined‐EBV group consisted of 50 consecutive patients whose protamine dose was calculated to neutralize heparin in the combined EBVs of the patient and the pump. Pt‐EBV group consisted of the next 50 consecutive patients whose protamine dose was calculated to neutralize heparin in the patient's EBV.ResultsBaseline and postprotamine ACTs were similar between groups. Postprotamine heparin assay (Hepcon) showed the absence of residual heparin in both groups. Postprotamine kaolin‐heparinase TEG showed that R was prolonged by 7.5 min in the Combined‐EBV group compared with the Pt‐EBV group (mean R of 20.17 vs 12.4 min, respectively, P < 0.001). Increasing doses of protamine were associated with a corresponding, but nonlinear increase in R. There was no significant difference in the changes for K, alpha, and MA between the groups.ConclusionAutomated protamine titration with a protamine dosage based on Pt‐EBV can adequately neutralize heparin as assessed by ACT while minimizing prolonging clot initiation time as measured by TEG.
Changing pattern of antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori in children during 20 years in Jinju, South Korea
Authors: Seo Ji‐Hyun , Jun Jin‐Su , Yeom Jung Sook , Park Ji Sook , Youn Hee‐Shang , Ko Gyung‐Hyuck , Baik Seung‐Chul , Lee Woo‐Kon , Cho Myung‐Je , Rhee Kwang‐Ho 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe antimicrobial resistance capability of Helicobacter pylori is one of the critical factors in the failure to treat this pathogen. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changing pattern of primary antibiotic resistance rates in children in the southern central part of South Korea from 1990 to 2009.MethodsH. pylori strains were isolated from children who had undergone upper endoscopy at Gyeongsang National University Hospital, including 58 children from 1990–1994 and 33 children from 2005–2009. The susceptibility of H. pylori strains to erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, amoxicillin, tetracycline, metronidazole, furazolidone, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and rifabutin was tested using the serial twofold agar dilution method.ResultsThe resistance rate to erythromycin increased significantly from 13.8% in 1990–1994 to 33.3% in 2005–2009 (P = 0.032). Clarithromycin resistance increased from 6.9% to 18.2%. Metronidazole resistance decreased from 32.8% to 27.3%. The minimum inhibitory concentration of azithromycin and erythromycin showed definite shifts to higher concentrations in 2005–2009 compared with the strains sampled in 1990–1994 (P = 0.021 and P = 0.025, respectively). The frequency of both macrolide‐ and metronidazole‐resistant strains was 13.8% in 1990–1994 and 15.2% in 2005–2009. No associations were detected between multidrug‐resistant strains and the two study periods.ConclusionsThe antibiotic resistance rates of H. pylori in Jinju had a different pattern to other regions. The antibiotic resistance rates of H. pylori showed geographic variation, and local data should be provided as a guideline for treating H. pylori infection.
Post‐treatment of up‐flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor effluents in activated sludge process‐based system for anionic surfactants
Authors: Mungray A. K. , Murthy Z. V. P. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis paper presents the performance of two full‐scale up‐flow anaerobic sludge blanket–activated sludge process (UASB‐ASP)‐based sewage treatment plants (STPs) (surface and diffused aeration‐based activated sludge processes as post‐treatment units). Performance of this combination is compared with UASB–polishing ponds and UASB–ozonation‐based STPs. Post‐treatment units removed 89 and 92% of anionic surfactants (AS) by surface and diffused aeration, respectively. Finally, 0.61 and 0.23 mg/L of AS were discharged from post‐treatment steps after overall reduction of 90–92%. Final concentrations from UASB‐ASP‐based STPs were low compared with UASB–polishing ponds (3.60–4.91 mg/L) and UASB–ozonation (1.52 and 0.53 mg/L). Overall, UASB‐ASP‐based STPs were working efficiently for the removal of organics in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) (84%) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) (93%), but they need further modifications for the removal of AS up to the level of risk quotient [risk quotient (RQ)] ≤ 1 for no risk to aquatic environment.
Représentations banales de
Authors: Mínguez Alberto , Sécherre Vincent 
Published: January 2013

AbstractLet${\rm F}$be a non-Archimedean locally compact field of residue characteristic$p$, let${\rm D}$be a finite-dimensional central division${\rm F}$-algebra and let${\rm R}$be an algebraically closed field of characteristic different from$p$. We definebanalirreducible${\rm R}$-representations of the group${\rm G}={\rm GL}_{m}({\rm D})$. This notion involves a condition on the cuspidal support of the representation depending on the characteristic of${\rm R}$. When this characteristic is banal with respect to${\rm G}$, in particular when${\rm R}$is the field of complex numbers, any irreducible${\rm R}$-representation of${\rm G}$is banal. In this article, we give a classification of all banal irreducible${\rm R}$-representations of${\rm G}$in terms of certain multisegments, called banal. When${\rm R}$is the field of complex numbers, our method provides a new proof, entirely local, of Tadić’s classification of irreducible complex smooth representations of${\rm G}$.
Worst-Case I/O-Efficient Skyline Algorithms
Authors: Sheng Cheng , Tao Yufei 
Published: January 2013

We consider the
skyline problem
(aka the
maxima problem
), which has been extensively studied in the database community. The input is a set
P
of
d
-dimensional points. A point
dominates
another if the coordinate of the former is at most that of the latter on every dimension. The goal is to find the
skyline
, which is the set of points
p
∈
P
such that
p
is not dominated by any other point in
P
.

The main result of this article is that, for any fixed dimensionality
d
≥ 3, in external memory the skyline problem can be settled by performing
O
((
N
/
B
)log
M/B
d−2
(
N
/
B
)) I/Os in the worst case, where
N
is the cardinality of
P, B
the size of a disk block, and
M
the capacity of main memory. Similar bounds can also be achieved for computing several skyline variants, including the
k-dominant skyline, k-skyband
, and
α-skyline
. Furthermore, the performance can be improved if some dimensions of the data space have small domains. When the dimensionality
d
is not fixed, the challenge is to outperform the naive algorithm that simply checks all pairs of points in
P
×
P
. We give an algorithm that terminates in
O
((
N
/
B
) log
d − 2
N
) I/Os, thus beating the naive solution for any
d
=
O
(log
N
/ log log
N
).
Algorithms and complexity for periodic real-time scheduling
Authors: Bonifaci Vincenzo , Chan Ho-Leung , Marchetti-Spaccamela Alberto , Megow Nicole 
Published: January 2013

We investigate the preemptive scheduling of periodic tasks with hard deadlines. We show that, even in the uniprocessor case, no pseudopolynomial-time algorithm can test the feasibility of a task system within a constant speedup bound, unless P = NP. This result contrasts with recent results for sporadic task systems. For two special cases, synchronous task systems and systems with a constant number of different task types, we provide the first polynomial-time constant-speedup feasibility tests for multiprocessor platforms. Furthermore, we show that the problem of testing feasibility is coNP-hard for synchronous multiprocessor task systems. The complexity of some of these problems has been open for a long time.
We also propose a weight maximization variant of the feasibility problem, where every task has a nonnegative weight, and the goal is to find a subset of tasks that can be scheduled feasibly and has maximum weight. We give the first constant-speed, constant-approximation algorithm for the case of synchronous task systems, together with related hardness results.
Model building for dynamic multi-tenant provider environments
Authors: Basak Jayanta , Wadhwani Kushal , Voruganti Kaladhar , Narayanamurthy Srinivasan , Mathur Vipul , Nandi Siddhartha 
Published: January 2013

Increasingly, storage vendors are finding it difficult to leverage existing white-box and black-box modeling techniques to build robust system models that can predict system behavior in the emerging dynamic and multi-tenant data centers. White-box models are becoming brittle because the model builders are not able to keep up with the innovations in the storage system stack, and black-box models are becoming brittle because it is increasingly difficult to a priori train the model for the dynamic and multi-tenant data center environment. Thus, there is a need for innovation in system model building area.
In this paper we present a machine learning based blackbox modeling algorithm called M-LISP that can predict system behavior in untrained region for these emerging multitenant and dynamic data center environments. We have implemented and analyzed M-LISP in real environments and the initial results look very promising. We also provide a survey of some common machine learning algorithms and how they fare with respect to satisfying the modeling needs of the new data center environments.
Space savings and design considerations in variable length deduplication
Authors: Appaji Nag Yasa Giridhar , Nagesh P. C. 
Published: January 2013

Explosion of data growth and duplication of data in enterprises has led to the deployment of a variety of deduplication technologies. However not all deduplication technologies serve the needs of every workload. Most prior research in deduplication concentrates on fixed block size (or variable block size at a fixed block boundary) deduplication which provides sub-optimal space efficiency in workloads where the duplicate data is not block aligned. Workloads also differ in the nature of operations and their priorities thereby affecting the choice of the right flavor of deduplication. Object workloads for instance, hold multiple versions of archived documents that have a high degree of duplicate data. They are also write-once read-many in nature and follow a whole object GET, PUT and DELETE model and would be better served by a deduplication strategy that takes care of nonblock aligned changes to data.
In this paper, we describe and evaluate a hybrid of a variable length and block based deduplication that is hierarchical in nature. We are motivated by the following insights from real world data: (a) object workload applications do not do in-place modification of data and hence new versions of objects are written again as a whole (b) significant amount of data among different versions of the same object is shareable but the changes are usually not block aligned. While the second point is the basis for variable length technique, both the above insights motivate our hierarchical deduplication strategy.
We show through experiments with production data-sets from enterprise environments that this provides up to twice the space savings compared to a fixed block deduplication.
Learning to Predict the Future using Web Knowledge and Dynamics
Authors: Radinsky Kira 
Published: January 2013

Mark Twain famously said that "the past does not repeat itself, but it rhymes." In the spirit of this reflection, we present novel algorithms and methods for leveraging large-scale digital histories and human knowledge mined from the Web to make real-time predictions about the likelihoods of future human and natural events of interest.
The Web is a dynamic being, with constantly updating content, which is entangled with sophisticated user behaviors and interactions. Some of these behaviors have the ability to convey current trends in the present, e.g., economical growth (predicting automobile sales based on query volume [6]), popular movies [4], and political unrest [1, 3, 5]. We mine the ever-changing Web content and user Web behavior. We show that, not only the dynamics itself can be predicted, but also that it can be used for future real-world event prediction. We mine decades of news reports (1851 - 2010) from the New York Times (NYT), and describe how we can learn to predict the future by generalizing sets of concrete transitions in sequences of reported news events. In addition to the news corpora, we leverage data from freely available Web resources, including Wikipedia, FreeBase, OpenCyc, and GeoNames, via the LinkedData platform [2]. The goal is to build predictive models that generalize from specific sets of sequences of events to provide likelihoods of future outcomes, based on patterns of evidence observed in near-term Web activities. We propose the methods as a means of generating actionable forecasts in advance of the occurrence of target events in the world.
This thesis is one of the first works to demonstrate general, unrestricted artificial-intelligence prediction capacity. We present methods derived from heterogeneous Web sources to make knowledge-intensive reasoning about causality and future event prediction, using both automatic feature extraction and novel algorithms for generalizing over historical examples.
Justice for the Innocent Job!
Authors: LaCocque André 
Published: January 2013

AbstractJob's final theophany is puzzling. In fact, far from being a display of God's omnipotence, it is a confession of divine weakness: God needs Job/the human to fight evil in creation—the latter is here de-moralized, only restrained but ever threatened by inhuman forces, at times monstrous). The persistence of evil torments the innocent (Abel, Job, Jesus, the martyrs of the Shoah ...). Job's theme is highlighted from the outset in 1:8-12 where God's insecurity is manifest, depending as it is on an unpredictable human response (1:9). The central point is that there is no deus ex machina as there is no human robot. Job's insistence on this becomes subversive as it routs the principle of distributive justice and promotes one of disinterested righteousness. When Job realizes that his former complaints were a miscarriage of justice toward God, he repents. That is, he realizes that his claimed surplus of justice implied a deficiency of love. At this point, Job proves that he, at least, reveres God without expecting any reward (see 1:9). The satan is defeated and God comes out vindicated by his creature.
A Fine Balance between Hope and Despair: The Epilogue to 2 Kings (25:27-30)
Authors: Joo Samantha 
Published: January 2013

AbstractScholars have debated the theological significance of the epilogue to the books of Kings (2 Kgs 25:27-30) by examining the agenda of the Deuteronomistic historian. Rather than looking within the historian's ideology, it may prove beneficial to compare the epilogue to A Fine Balance in which the theme of hope is central to the storyline. Like A Fine Balance in which Rohinton Mistry uses a subdued but hopeful ending to balance the mostly hopeless historical novel, the Deuteronomistic historian adds a hopeful epilogue to the books of Kings to offset its deterministic ideology in which sins lead to punishment. This promising ending, reflecting the human need for hope, becomes an encouraging message for the exilic community.
An Examination of the Effects of Corruption on Financial Market Volatility
Authors: Zhang Aimao 
Published: January 2013

Corruption has a profound impact on many aspects of a society, such as, productivity growth, foreign direct investment or income equality. We propose that corruption also has an impact on stability of financial markets. In this study, we demonstrate a strong correlation between corruption and financial market stability and compare corruption with other social and economic factors in terms of their correlations with financial market stability. The data used in this study include financial data of 29 countries’ index funds for the last five years (2002–07), the Corruption Perception Index 2007 and the Index of Economic Freedom 2007. JEL Classification: D73, G15, G32