bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Imperata Cylindrica on the Performance of Water Based Mud in Saline Medium
Authors: Igbafe S. , Igbafe A. I , Ameloko A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Drilling fluids are the most important factor in drilling operations. It is a standard procedure to essentially improve the properties of these fluid to meet the necessary requirements. Regardless of the advanced research and improvements done, there is still need to deeply focus on the causes of formation damage, stuck pipe and other problems mud engineers encounter while drilling. Hence the application of natural additive. In this experimental study, spear grass was pulverized to fine particles and mixed with bentonite mud to test for the rheological and filtration properties and determine its effect on the mud. A design of experiment was applied using surface methodology for the experimental runs using different mud compositions. The rheological, pH, mud weight and filtration loss control test were conducted for each sample at varying temperatures. The spear grass powder and xanthan gum were measured at 1g and the saltwater concentration varied from 5g –25g which were mixed to formulate different variations of bentonite water based mud at varying temperatures. The analysis showed the influence of salt water on the properties of the mud at different concentrations. The spear grass powder enhanced the properties of the mud by reducing the rate of fluid loss when the mud was contaminated by salt and there was an improvement on other mud properties compared to the conventional additive, Xanthan gum was used. This paper aims to discuss the formulation of water-based mud (WBM) using spear grass (Imperata cylindrica) as an additive for fluid loss control.
Application of Crude Oil Degrading Micro-Organisms Immobilized in Cellulosic Material for Bioremediation of Crude Oil Contaminated Soil
Authors: Chinedu Mamah Stanley , Adimula Henry , Sunday Ume Cyril , Ogbodo Nkiruka , Adams Grace , Ugwu Charles , Alpheus Okahu , Amanjide Joan , Chukwu Moses 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this research, crude oil degrading microorganisms were produced and immobilized in a local cellulosic material (coconut fibre) and the immobilized product was applied in the bioremediation of soil contaminated with crude oil. Coconut fibre (carrier) was collected, processed and characterized for selected relevant parameters (physico-chemical properties) that makes it suitable as carrier for the crude oil degrading microorganisms. Crude oil degrading microorganisms were produced from stock culture through enrichment method and characterized. A bioreactor was designed and locally fabricated. The crude oil microorganisms were mass produced via the use of a bioreactor from the consortium of the three best crude oil degrader. Petroleum Hydrocarbon degrading bacteria were immobilized in coconut fibre which was applied in bioremediation of crude oil contaminated soil. A parcel of land with an area measurement of 144 m2 was contaminated with 380 litres of crude oil (Escravos light) and also treated. Two weeks after contamination, the land was tilled to a depth of 15cm with garden fork and a consortium of petroleum degrading bacteria immobilized in coconut fibres (ratio of 1:1) was applied to the soil. Soil samples were collected on a weekly interval for laboratory analysis of residue hydrocarbon content, physico-chemical properties, microbial count of the treated soil using Gas Chromatography (GC) and other methods of analysis. The results showed that about 91.29% of hydrocarbon content in the original crude oil was removed after seven weeks treatment. The percent of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH), poly aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), benzene, toluene, Ethyl benzene, xylene, (BTEX), degraded in the contaminated soil were 83.01%, 95.86%, and 95.02% respectively. Results obtained demonstrated the effectiveness of immobilized hydrocarbon degrader in treatment of crude oil polluted.
Enhancing PDC Bit Performance Analysis Through Reverse Engineering and Finite Element Methods in Forensic Study
Authors: Amadi K. W. , Alsaba M. T. , Iyalla I. , Farhat M. H. , Bitayib B. M. , Ugoyah J. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Drilling is one of the most crucial operations due to its economic implications for hydrocarbon exploration and production. Optimizing a drill-bit design and process parameters can enhance the rate of penetration and well integrity, leading to more efficient drilling operations. Nevertheless, certain operating and downhole conditions aggravate the working conditions of the drill bit. When the drillbit properties cannot withstand these conditions, it results in wear and failure. This paper presents the application of forensic analysis and reverse engineering in pinpointing failure causes and patterns, towards enhancing future PDC bit performance.
The Finite Element Analysis (FEA) modelling simulates the environment of the drilling system in a computer environment where the digital breaking of the rock with drillbit using similar operating conditions. During the study, appropriate observation and documentation of the dull report and run record were collected; identification of patterns and scars; proof of fracture initiation, direction of loading, and leveraging on FEA to analyze the effect of design features and operating parameters. Analysis results showed that higher energy in the drilling system by raising weight on bit (WOB) from 10kN to 15kN and rotary speed from 100rpm to 150rpm results in 36% increase in ROP and a higher deformation of the bit material when compared to initial operating parameters. Also, the high thrust force is directly proportional to the normal stress and increases the body temperature of the bit. The optimum PDC design was achieved at 6 bladed designs. This result forms the basis for continuous improvement in drillbit optimization and selection which improve overall performance and economics.
Review of Shape Memory Alloy and Its Application in Sand Screening in Natural Gas Wells
Authors: Amadi Azubuike Hope , Elhaj Mysara Eissa Mohyaldinn , Ridha Syahrir 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Sand production is a major issue in natural gas wells, causing damage to well equipment and decreasing well productivity. Sand screens are commonly used to control sand production, and Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) for this purpose are gaining popularity due to their unique properties. This study aims to explore Nitinol (NiTi), a commonly used SMA owing to its excellent mechanical and shape memory properties in screen applications. An overview of NiTi SMAs, for sand screening in natural gas wells was discussed. The properties and characteristics of NiTi, in comparison with other SMAs, were explored. A comprehensive review of experimental studies and field applications of NiTi SMA sand screens was presented. Machining challenges of NiTi SMAs and suggestions from literature promoting their use as sand screens were further presented. The conclusions of this review paper indicate that NiTi SMA sand screens present unique properties that make them promising for sand control in natural gas wells. This review paper attempted to provide a comprehensive overview of the application of SMAs as its primary objective, particularly NiTi, for sand screening in natural gas wells. The limitations, challenges and opportunities for improving the performance of NiTi SMA sand screens were highlighted. Models used for understanding the behaviour of SMAs were highlighted and compared. Suggestions were made on limitations with sand erosion. Finally, we provide suggestions for future research and development in this field. The novelty of this review paper lies in the comprehensive review of the properties, design considerations, optimization strategies, and experimental studies of NiTi SMA sand screens. This review paper is of interest to researchers, engineers, and professionals in the oil and gas business interested in sand control and the use of SMAs in well equipment.
Comparative Study of Loss Circulation Additives (Conventional and Local Materials) for Filtration Control
Authors: Jimmy D. E. , Benedict U. W. , Igani O. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The success of a drilling operation hinges 30% on the quality of Drilling fluid used. Drilling fluids aids drilling process by possessing several characteristics based on the additives added during formulation, enabling the drilling fluid to perform its functions. Additives, such as Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and Polyanionic cellulose (PAC) are added to aid the filtration property of the mud. Unfortunately, these additives are costly, imported, and may not be environmentally friendly. This study utilizes mixed research method of qualitative, quantitative, and descriptive approaches as well as secondary data collection to analyse the comparability and effects of replacing conventional materials (CMC/PAC) with locally sourced materials (agro waste). 12 locally sourced materials were compared with CMC/PAC at 5mL/30mins based on already published data. Results indicated that only 3 materials (Cassava starch, Detarium microcarpum (Achi) and Tigernut Fibre at 4ml, 5.2ml and 5.4ml /30mins each respectively), out of the 12 showed better filtration property compared to CMC/PAC. The remaining 9 either met API standards (i.e. Brachystegia eurycoma (Ofor), Corncob cellulose, Groundnut husk, Potato starch and Sawdust at 5.5ml, 5.8ml, 6.5ml, 7ml and 8.6ml /30mins each respectively), or were out of range (i.e. Walnut shells, Rice husk, Gum Arabic, and Corn starch at 11ml, 16ml, 17ml and 31ml /30mins each respectively), as a replacement for fluid loss control additives. It was also observed that the agro wastes showing better comparison to CMC/PAC depicts good mud filter cake of slippery, smooth and soft mud cakes characteristics to prevent differential pipe sticking, were materials that fall within the starch/cellulose, fibrous and hydrocolloid based materials. Conclusively, these materials can serve as suitable (100%) replacements, are economical, readily available, and environmentally friendly.
A Comparative Analysis of Commercial Bentonite and Local Clay as Viscosifier in Water-Based Mud: A Case Study of Ire-Ekiti Clay
Authors: Ajayi J. O. , Adeniyi A. T. , Omofoyewa M. G. , Ogunyemi A. T. , Giwa A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The search for an alternative to commercial bentonite as a drilling fluid has become imperative in Nigeria's oil and gas sector. The local clay came from Ekiti State, Nigeria's Ire-Ekiti. The clay's properties were ascertained and contrasted with those of bentonite, the preferred clay for drilling operations, in order to manufacture water-based mud. The obtained results indicate a considerable difference in the pH values and rheological properties of the prepared drilling fluid in comparison to bentonite. This is because clay and water are attracted to it, and its inclination to swell is inhibited by the low concentration of sodium cations (Na++). The local mud's pH increased by 15.2% from 8.11 to 11.02 and by 8% from 10.00 to 11.73 when it was beneficiated with soda ash (Na2CO3) at a concentration of 5.0 g clay at 63 microns sieve size to 350 ml of the mud. When PAC-HV was added to the mixture, the marsh funnel viscosity increased by 4.4% and 7.6%, apparent viscosity at 63 microns sieve size decreased by 26.6%, and at 150 microns sieve size increased drastically by 55.8%, but water loss decreased drastically by 32.8% and 66.8%. At both sieve sizes, the clay density increased by 1.2% from 8.50 lb/gal to 8.70 lb/gal after adding 10 g of barite (BaSO4) to 350 ml of the mixture. Thus, when beneficiated with soda ash (Na2CO3), the Ire clay shows good rheological properties at significant concentration that would compare favourably with those of bentonite; nevertheless, PAC-HV needs to be increased above 1.0 g at 150 microns sieve size. Thus, it is possible to create a drilling fluid using Ire clay.
Corrosion Inhibition Assessment of Okra Mucilage in a Corrosive Environment
Authors: Sulaimon A. A. , Turkson J. , Umar A. A. , Wintope Q. , Badmus F. A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Corrosion is an undesirable phenomenon that engenders challenges across multiple industries with the petroleum sector among the mentioned. Organic corrosion inhibitors deployment has received a lot of traction. However, these inhibitors pose detrimental environmental effects. Hence, the study evaluated the corrosion inhibition potential of okra extracts on mild steel in different corrosive and temperature conditions. Sieved (mucilage) and non-sieved samples of okra extracts were prepared to evaluate the effect of unblended particles on the inhibition efficiency of okra. The corrosion inhibition efficiency of different concentrations of okra mucilage (0–1250 ppm) was determined at 25°C in acidic and non-acidic environments. Additionally, the optimum okra mucilage concentration was selected and subsequent corrosion tests for temperatures (40–70°C) were performed. The okra mucilage was characterized using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Similarly, the surface morphology of the mild steel samples was identified using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and FESEM. Gravimetric analysis was conducted to determine the corrosion rate of mild steel and the inhibition efficiency of okra extracts. Corrosion rate decreased with okra mucilage concentration. Maximum corrosion rates of 0.7946 mm/year and 0.9242 mm/year were achieved for 500 ppm of okra mucilage and non-sieved okra extract, respectively. Additionally, okra mucilage and non-sieved okra extract yielded remarkable inhibition efficiencies at elevated temperatures. Okra mucilage recorded 49% and 62% inhibition efficiencies at 25 and 70°C, respectively for 833 ppm of the inhibitor. However, the inhibition efficiency of non-sieved okra extracts was slightly reduced at elevated temperatures (from 62% at 25°C to 61% at 70°C) for 1250 ppm of the inhibitor. The study unraveled the potential of okra mucilage as a green corrosion inhibitor, which can be applied in pilot studies as a corrosion mitigation strategy.
Enhanced Oil Recovery Using Novel Bio-Based Surfactant Synthesized from Algae
Authors: Ogunyemi A. T. , Eluwa T. D. , Adeyi A. A. , Giwa A. , Igbafe A. I. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Cost of conventional surfactants coupled with decreasing oil prices and increasing recovery has led to the search and quest for more low-cost yet effective methods and techniques to recover residual and heavy oil in the reservoir. More research has been steered towards environmental-friendly and fluids with low toxicity to be used in tertiary recovery of oil. Oil extracted from algae has been seen to have a promising yield for biodiesel bio-based surfactant production, hence the need to find its potential in EOR. The aim of this study was to formulate an algae-based Methyl Ester Sulfonate (MES) and to find its effectiveness in lowering surface tension between rock matrix and oil and application in core flood process. The produced MES was analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and it showed that the absorption peaked in the presence of single chained alkane stretch bond (C-H stretching alkane) with wavenumber and transmittance of 2918.39 cm-1 and 18.77% respectively and presence of sulfonate group that indicates the surfactant is a methyl ester sulfonate. The CMC value of the surfactant was seen to be 1.24 and an IFT reduction from 28 to 5.1mN/m with a decrease of 81.8%. In the core flood process, at the end of the surfactant flooding, the novel surfactant was able to displace residual oil from the two cores with efficiencies of 40.12% and 41.8%.
Evaluating Statistically the Impact of Waste-Glass Particles on the Compressive Strengths of Oilwell Cement Sheath Systems
Authors: Igbani S. , JOHN A. J. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the compressive strength (CS) of oilwell cement sheath systems (CSSs) that are integrated with waste-glass particles and Class G oilwell cement. Based on the available literature, previous research has shown successive proofs for the use of waste-glass particles in masonries and road buildings, materials on applications of glass-waste are scanty. In this study, two categories of Class G oilwell cement sheath systems (CSSs) were prepared: Category "A" (clean Class G oilwell CSSs) and Category "B" (integrated waste-glass Class G oilwell CSSs). Both categories were prepared using a water-to-cement ratio of 0.44, and were subjected to curing for 7, 14, and 21 days under ambient conditions. Additionally, the controlled experimental samples were prepared by 0% of waste-glass powder; while the investigated experimental samples were prepared by substituting different percentages (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, and 40%) of waste-glass powder to the basic weight of cement (BWOC). After 7 days of curing, the CSs were recorded as 2973.28, 2103.05, 3176.33, 1812.98, 1958.01, 3770.99, 1425.30, 1485.71, 1547.27 psi for 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40% of waste-glass powder to the BWOC, respectively. Similarly, after 14 days of curing, the tested CSs were recorded as 3988.55, 2683.20, 3553.43, 3770.99, 3625.95, 4249.61, 3062.77, 3107.41, and 3165.79 psi for 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40% of waste-glass powder to the BWOC. Likewise, after 21 days of curing, the tested CSs were recorded as 4351.14, 4206.10, 4423.66, 4423.66, 4713.74, 4931.29, 4764.40, 4836.30, and 4920.13 psi for 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40% of waste- glass powder to the BWOC. This study concluded that waste-glass powder can be used as an additive for improving the CS of oilwell cement sheath. Mostly, at the optimal proportion of 25% of waste-glass powder replacement of the BWOC.
Sustainable Gas Utilization: Integrating Natural Gas into the Circular Economy for Environmental Stewardship
Authors: Golagha O. G. , Ogolo O. , Idogun B. O. , Bello Q. Z. , Ajibade A. A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
As industries seek innovative and collaborative solutions to reduce carbon footprints as a result of exploration and production activities to contribute to the carbon neutrality goal, the effective utilization of natural gas presents a unique opportunity as an investment in the circular economy that promotes a sustainable production and consumption design for energy resources. Nigeria has a natural gas proven reserve of 208tcf, ranking the ninth largest country in the world but only about 8bscf/day is produced, with about 44% exported through the Nigerian Liquefied Natural Gas NLNG Company. 16% of the gas produced is consumed in the domestic market which is not enough to cover up for the energy deficit posed by the supply and demand alongside a growing population that directly affects the accessibility and reliability of energy resources. Additionally, natural gas as a transition fuel makes up about 25% of the energy mix and poses an effective means of investing, creating entrepreneurial opportunities, collaborative investments, and active policies to contribute to the net-zero goal by 2050. Hence, harnessing and leveraging the advantages of natural gas, increasing its utilization in the domestic market, reducing energy imports, and maximum implementation of the National Gas Expansion Programme NGEP and the Nigerian Auto-gas Policy is a sustainable way of effectively investing in the circular economy as natural gas acts as an environmental steward during its processing into its derivatives. This paper involves a review of literature. The analysis drawn from the International Gas Union IGU, the International Energy Agency IEA, the Energy Information Administration EIA, and the Nigerian Gas Association NGA underscores the need for continual, innovative and collaborative efforts to meet the growing population's energy demand. It also establishes the relationship between the circular economy and the Energy Trilemma, the roles of individuals in ensuring sustainable energy use practices, and the energy providers. This paper also highlights the derivatives of natural gas, processing and marketing operations, and how optimization of its derivatives could contribute to the sustainability goal. Overall, having an increase of natural gas demand from 11-57% by the Energy Information Administration EIA Global Demand Outlook by 2050 positions Nigeria as one of the energy providers or enablers but must ensure there is an adequate penetration in the domestic market to promote employment opportunities, reduction in price volatility due to import and maximize the opportunity to leverage its natural gas reserve as an active tool for energy security and economic development.
Framework for Carbon-Capture and Storage (CCS) in Nigeria
Authors: Ibe A. P. , Nwosi-Anele A. S. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Associated Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas flaring in Nigeria is but only a fraction of the amount of CO2 being released into the atmosphere daily. An increase in the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere has led to an increase in greenhouse gas effects. Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is one of several solutions proposed to help combat the ever-continuous increase of greenhouse gases in our environment. However, it has been noted by several research papers that for CCS to affect the greenhouse gas effect, the source of the CO2 gas for the carbon capture and storage (sequestration) must be obtained from anthropogenic means. While most other nations haven't only begun this process but also have already established a solid legal framework and regulations for CCS, Nigeria currently has no legal framework for the regulation of CCS. This paper focuses on establishing a framework for CCS to be adapted in Nigeria as a measure to take the first step in the process of establishing a carbon capture and storage process in Nigeria. This process was done by analyzing other legal frameworks that have already been established and then taking into account the diversity and political nature of the Nigerian structure, censoring, and editing these regulations as seen fit, to make a legal framework that is suitable and acceptable to and for Nigerians. In the process of analysis, several key factors such as transportation (across borders and intra-trade), leakages, faults, levies, and taxes as well as tax reduction incentives for companies willing to use CCS were taken into consideration and then explored to find a common ground for both companies and government. The main objective of this work is to urge the Nigerian government and the petroleum industry of the need for the immediate reduction of greenhouse gasses and their effects and the first step begins with laying down the groundwork. The study concludes that adopting a robust legal framework tailored to Nigeria's unique socio-political environment is essential. It also recommends specific legislative actions and incentives to foster CCS adoption, emphasizing the importance of collaboration between government and industry stakeholders.