bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entwicklungspotenzial im Straßenbrückenbau durch den Einsatz von hybriden Tragstrukturen – Teil 2: Schrägseilbrücken
Authors: Wagner Peter 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDie nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg von Deutschland ausgehende Entwicklung des Schrägseilbrückenbaus war dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass für die Versteifungsträger zunächst fast ausnahmslos orthotrope Stahlfahrbahnen zur Anwendung kamen. Und obwohl gerade bei diesem Brückentyp aufgrund der überwiegenden Druckbeanspruchungen des Versteifungsträgers der Einsatz von Betontragteilen naheliegend gewesen wäre, blieben Brückenquerschnitte mit Betonfahrbahn bis in die jüngste Zeit hinein die Ausnahme. Die in Abschnitt 2 (Teil 1, H. 10/2013) beschriebenen Umwälzungen bei der Ausbildung der Fahrbahnplatte werden jedoch auch die Entwicklung des Schrägseilbrückenbaus nachhaltig beeinflussen und die Betonfahrbahn mehr in den Vordergrund rücken, womit automatisch auch Raum für erweiterte hybride Ausführungsformen geschaffen wird. Einige innovative Möglichkeiten derartiger hybrider Tragstrukturen für den Versteifungsträger von Schrägseilbrücken werden nachfolgend vorgestellt.Design developments for roadway bridges based on new hybrid structures – Part 2: Cable stayed bridges. The development of cable stayed bridges which started in Germany after World War II was characterized by the preferred use of orthotropic steel decks for the stiffening girders. Despite the fact that the use of concrete decks would have been commendable because of the prevailing pressure forces acting in the stiffening girders of cable stayed bridges, cross‐sections with concrete decks have rarely been built. The recent changes in the design rules for bridge decks described in chapter 2 (part 1) of this paper will also influence the further development of cable stayed bridges and underline the importance of concrete decks by which automatically more space will be created for advanced hybrid bridge designs. Some innovative possibilities of such hybrid structures for the stiffening girders of cable stayed bridges will be presented in this paper.
The (In)compatibility of Diversity and Sense of Community
Authors: Neal Zachary P. , Neal Jennifer Watling 
Published: November 2013

AbstractCommunity psychologists are interested in creating contexts that promote both respect for diversity and sense of community. However, recent theoretical and empirical work has uncovered a community‐diversity dialectic wherein the contextual conditions that foster respect for diversity often run in opposition to those that foster sense of community. More specifically, within neighborhoods, residential integration provides opportunities for intergroup contact that are necessary to promote respect for diversity but may prevent the formation of dense interpersonal networks that are necessary to promote sense of community. Using agent‐based modeling to simulate neighborhoods and neighborhood social network formation, we explore whether the community‐diversity dialectic emerges from two principles of relationship formation: homophily and proximity. The model suggests that when people form relationships with similar and nearby others, the contexts that offer opportunities to develop a respect for diversity are different from the contexts that foster a sense of community. Based on these results, we conclude with a discussion of whether it is possible to create neighborhoods that simultaneously foster respect for diversity and sense of community.
Crystal structures of Phanerochaete chrysosporium pyranose 2‐oxidase suggest that the N‐terminus acts as a propeptide that assists in homotetramer assembly
Authors: Hassan Noor , Tan Tien-Chye , Spadiut Oliver , Pisanelli Ines , Fusco Laura , Haltrich Dietmar , Peterbauer Clemens K. , Divne Christina 
Published: November 2013

The flavin‐dependent homotetrameric enzyme pyranose 2‐oxidase (P2O) is found mostly, but not exclusively, in lignocellulose‐degrading fungi where it catalyzes the oxidation of β‐d‐glucose to the corresponding 2‐keto sugar concomitantly with hydrogen peroxide formation during lignin solubilization. Here, we present crystal structures of P2O from the efficient lignocellulolytic basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Structures were determined of wild‐type PcP2O from the natural fungal source, and two variants of recombinant full‐length PcP2O, both in complex with the slow substrate 3‐deoxy‐3‐fluoro‐β‐d‐glucose. The active sites in PcP2O and P2O from Trametes multicolor (TmP2O) are highly conserved with identical substrate binding. Our structural analysis suggests that the 17 °C higher melting temperature of PcP2O compared to TmP2O is due to an increased number of intersubunit salt bridges. The structure of recombinant PcP2O expressed with its natural N‐terminal sequence, including a proposed propeptide segment, reveals that the first five residues of the propeptide intercalate at the interface between A and B subunits to form stabilizing, mainly hydrophobic, interactions. In the structure of mature PcP2O purified from the natural source, the propeptide segment in subunit A has been replaced by a nearby loop in the B subunit. We propose that the propeptide in subunit A stabilizes the A/B interface of essential dimers in the homotetramer and that, upon maturation, it is replaced by the loop in the B subunit to form the mature subunit interface. This would imply that the propeptide segment of PcP2O acts as an intramolecular chaperone for oligomerization at the A/B interface of the essential dimer.
Fiber ICAN laser with exawatt-picosecond pulses for fusion without nuclear radiation problems
Authors: Hora H. , Lalousis P. , Moustaizis S. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractOne of the numerous applications of the ICAN laser using the advantage of fiber optics with chirped pulse amplification (CPA), is the scheme of side-on initiation of a nuclear fusion flame in solid density fuel with laser pulses of shorter than picosecond (ps) duration and power in the petawatt (PW) and higher range. The ICAN Fiber optics has special advantages with the potential that >900 PW spherical laser pulses may ignite the proton reaction with 11B (HB11) without the problem of dangerous radioactive radiation. Though secondary reactions can be estimated very roughly, the feasibility of a power station with the necessary energy gains can be concluded.
Plasma-target surface interaction during non-equilibrium plasma irradiation at atmospheric pressure: Generation of dusty plasma
Authors: Li Limin , Liu Chao , Zhang Xuming , Wu Guosong , Zhang Ming , Fu Ricky K.Y. , Chu Paul K. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe remaining challenges, developing the relativistic electron beam sources, stimulate the investigations of cathode materials. Carbon-fiber-aluminum composite is the most appropriate cathode materials to construct the robust relativistic electron beam sources. Carbon-fiber-aluminum composite is treated by a non-equilibrium atmospheric plasma torch with a copper electrode based on high-voltage gas discharge. The axial and radial distributions of the plasma torch temperature are measured to determine the optimal treatment temperature and location. Copper-oxide particles with diameters of less than 1 µm are deposited onto the surface of the carbon-fibers and a layer of copper-oxide covers the entire surface as the treatment time is increased. Raman spectroscopy suggests that although the locations of the D and G band are similar, the areas of the D and G bands increase after the plasma treatment due to the reduced graphite crystalline size in the carbon-fibers. Analysis of the copper electrode surface discloses materials ablation arising from the discharge which releases copper from the source. Our results reveal that the atmospheric plasma torch generated by high-voltage discharge is promising in the surface modification of the carbon-fiber-reinforced aluminum composite. Further, the plasma produced by atmospheric plasma torch is dusty plasma, due to the participation of liberated copper particles. The plasma torch was analyzed by fluid dynamics, in terms of plasma density, plasma expansion velocity, and internal pressure, and it was found that the plasma produced by atmospheric torch is supersonic flow.
Unusual Micrometric Calcite–Aragonite Interface in the Abalone Shell Haliotis (Mollusca, Gastropoda)
Authors: Dauphin Yannicke , Cuif Jean-Pierre , Castillo-Michel Hiram , Chevallard Corinne , Farre Bastien , Meibom Anders 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSpecies of Haliotis (abalone) show high variety in structure and mineralogy of the shell. One of the European species (Haliotis tuberculata) in particular has an unusual shell structure in which calcite and aragonite coexist at a microscale with small patches of aragonite embedded in larger calcitic zones. A detailed examination of the boundary between calcite and aragonite using analytical microscopies shows that the organic contents of calcite and aragonite differ. Moreover, changes in the chemical composition of the two minerals seem to be gradual and define a micrometric zone of transition between the two main layers. A similar transition zone has been observed between the layers in more classical and regularly structured mollusk shells. The imbrication of microscopic patches of aragonite within a calcitic zone suggests the occurrence of very fast physiological changes in these taxa.
On the nature of Phase-type Poisson distributions
Authors: Hautphenne Sophie , Latouche Guy , Nguyen Giang T. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMatrix-form Poisson probability distributions were recently introduced as one matrix generalization of Panjer distributions. We show in this paper that under the constraint that their representation is to be nonnegative, they have a physical interpretation as extensions of PH distributions, and we name this restricted familyPhase-type Poisson. We use our physical interpretation to construct an EM algorithm-based estimation procedure.
How to Decrease the Viscosity of Suspension with the Second Fluid and Nanoparticles?
Authors: Xu Menghan , Liu Haifeng , Zhao Hui , Li Weifeng 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAccording to recent research reports, addition of small amounts of a secondary fluid to a suspension could dramatically increase viscosity of suspension. Results of this study indicate another interesting behavior that the secondary fluid could form a thin hydrophobic membrane around particle surface and significantly decrease the viscosity and yield stress of the suspension. To enhance the surface hydrophobicity, hydrophobic nanoparticles (nano-CaCO3) were added to the hydrophobic membrane of particles to improve the surface roughness and to generate composite particles having a hierarchical structure similar to the micromorphology of lotus leaf. This composite particle has a higher contact angle and the suspension of composite particles has a lower viscosity and a lower yield stress.
Ice lubrication for moving heavy stones to the Forbidden City in 15th- and 16th-century China
Authors: Li Jiang , Chen Haosheng , Stone Howard A. 
Published: November 2013

Significance
In the history of mechanical engineering, it is commonly believed that transporting huge stones with sliding sledges hauled by men did not occur in ancient China, because there were well-developed wheeled vehicles in China around 1500 B.C. However, some books contain brief remarks that the Large Stone Carving in the Forbidden City in Beijing was pulled to the site with a sledge sliding on an artificial ice path. Here we investigate the Chinese case based on historical documents and modern experimental results. We demonstrate that wood-on-ice sliding is more reliable and efficient than other lubrication methods, and pouring water on the contact surface is necessary to make this type of transport feasible.
Childhood maltreatment is associated with altered fear circuitry and increased internalizing symptoms by late adolescence
Authors: Herringa Ryan J. , Birn Rasmus M. , Ruttle Paula L. , Burghy Cory A. , Stodola Diane E. , Davidson Richard J. , Essex Marilyn J. 
Published: November 2013

Significance
Childhood maltreatment is a major risk factor for internalizing disorders including depression and anxiety, which cause significant disability. Altered connectivity of the brain’s fear circuitry represents an important candidate mechanism linking maltreatment and these disorders, but this relationship has not been directly explored. Using resting-state functional brain connectivity in adolescents, we show that maltreatment predicts lower prefrontal–hippocampal connectivity in females and males but lower prefrontal–amygdala connectivity only in females. Altered connectivity, in turn, mediated the development of internalizing symptoms. These results highlight the importance of fronto–hippocampal connectivity for both sexes in internalizing symptoms following maltreatment. The additional impact on fronto–amygdala connectivity in females may help explain their higher risk for anxiety and depression.
Self-contact elimination by membrane fusion
Authors: Sumida Grant M. , Yamada Soichiro 
Published: November 2013

Significance
While contacting membranes from neighboring epithelial cells rapidly assemble and maintain junctional complexes, it is unclear why self-contacting membranes from a single cell, despite similar surface binding conditions, do not. Using a self-contact–inducing micropillar array, we demonstrate that self-contacts of normal epithelial cells are rapidly eliminated by fusion between the two opposing plasma membrane regions of a single cell. The efficiency of fusion depends on the expression of the cell–cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin and the contractile state of the cell regulated through Rho-associated protein kinase. This is the first demonstration of self-contact–induced membrane fusion in mammalian cells and that membrane fusion may be an underlying mechanism for seamless tubule formation.
Sox9 plays multiple roles in the lung epithelium during branching morphogenesis
Authors: Rockich Briana E. , Hrycaj Steven M. , Shih Hung Ping , Nagy Melinda S. , Ferguson Michael A. H. , Kopp Janel L. , Sander Maike , Wellik Deneen M. , Spence Jason R. 
Published: November 2013

Significance
Human mutations in SOX9 lead to several congenital disorders, including campomelic dysplasia. Babies born with this condition often die of respiratory distress; however, defects in lung development have thus far not been reported in mouse models. Here, we report that epithelial-specific deletion of Sox9 leads to developmental abnormalities in the lung during branching morphogenesis. We demonstrate that Sox9 plays multiple roles in the lung epithelium, balancing proliferation and differentiation and regulating the extracellular matrix. Therefore, our work highlights a role for Sox9 during lung branching morphogenesis, making this a useful model to study defects associated with a congenital disorder affecting humans.
Mechanism of vibrational energy dissipation of free OH groups at the air–water interface
Authors: Hsieh Cho-Shuen , Campen R. Kramer , Okuno Masanari , Backus Ellen H. G. , Nagata Yuki , Bonn Mischa 
Published: November 2013

Significance
Interfaces of liquid water play an important role in a wide variety of biological, environmental, and technological processes. These interfaces have many unusual macroscopic properties, e.g., the high surface tension, the tendency to sequester ions at the air–water interface, and the high proton conductivity, that are difficult to understand given simple descriptions of bulk liquid water. To understand what differentiates interfacial water from the bulk, insights into the molecular level structure and dynamics of water at interfaces are crucial. We quantify the dynamics of vibrational energy dissipation of interfacial water using ultrafast time-resolved surface specific vibrational spectroscopy and show that the relaxation pathways differ markedly from bulk water and reflect surface structural dynamics.
Relevance of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of exemestane and synergism with sulforaphane for disease prevention
Authors: Liu Hua , Talalay Paul 
Published: November 2013

Significance
Estrogens control the growth and development of the majority of breast cancers, the most prevalent malignancies of women in the developed world. Exemestane, a synthetic steroid commonly used clinically to prevent, delay progression of, and treat breast cancer, was designed to inhibit estrogen biosynthesis by aromatase. We have made the unexpected observation that exemestane also has widespread protective activities unrelated to blocking estrogens. Thus, exemestane is potently anti-inflammatory and antioxidant and can thereby protect against development of cancer and chronic degenerative diseases. Moreover, these activities are synergistic with sulforaphane and other cytoprotective phytochemicals. Use of such combinations could therefore provide a valuable strategy for reducing the risk of a variety of other malignancies and age-related chronic diseases.
Functional asymmetry within the Sec61p translocon
Authors: Demirci Erhan , Junne Tina , Baday Sefer , Bernèche Simon , Spiess Martin 
Published: November 2013

Significance
The Sec61/SecY translocon mediates translocation of hydrophilic amino acid sequences across the membrane and integration of hydrophobic segments as transmembrane helices into the lipid bilayer. The integration process is proposed to correspond to thermodynamic equilibration of the translocating sequence between the translocon and the membrane. Here we probed the conditions in the translocon interior in vivo by scanning a cluster of hydrophobic amino acids through the potential transmembrane segment, scoring for membrane insertion vs. translocation. The results reveal functional asymmetry within the translocon caused by the residues forming the central constriction in the translocation pore. Molecular dynamics simulations correlate the insertion behavior with the hydration profile through the pore.
Very large G protein-coupled receptor 1 regulates myelin-associated glycoprotein via Gαs/Gαq-mediated protein kinases A/C
Authors: Shin Daesung , Lin Shu-Ting , Fu Ying-Hui , Ptáček Louis J. 
Published: November 2013

SignificanceAlthough most known Mendelian genes causing nonsymptomatic epilepsies encode ion channels,Mass1(monogenic audiogenic seizure susceptible 1) is among the few known epilepsy genes that do not encode channels, suggesting that membrane hyperexcitability can arise indirectly. Here we found that the MASS1 protein is highly expressed in the colliculi of the adult brain, where MASS1 senses extracellular calcium and activates PKA and PKC signaling via Gαs and Gαq to regulate stability of MAG in myelin-forming cells. These data provide us with a unique working model where MASS1 regulates MAG in response to calcium in myelinated regions of critical sites for the initiation and propagation of audiogenic epilepsy.
Folding of a large protein at high structural resolution
Authors: Walters Benjamin T. , Mayne Leland , Hinshaw James R. , Sosnick Tobin R. , Englander S. Walter 
Published: November 2013

Significance
This study characterizes the initially collapsed but not yet folded denatured state ensemble of the large two-domain maltose binding protein (MBP), its contribution to the folding process, and an obligatory on-pathway native-like folding intermediate and probable further intermediates. The results add MBP to the growing list of proteins that fold through a distinct pathway with obligatory intermediates.
R&D-based earnings management, accounting performance and market return
Authors: Zhang Xindong , He Yanan 
Published: November 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to provide a theoretical support for managers and investors and help them to identify corporate investment decisions on research and development (R&D) rationally.

Design/methodology/approach
– Grouping and regression analysis are employed in the research.

Findings
– The paper finds that managers in firms with medium accounting performance and at the border of profit target are prone to manage earnings by real R&D transactions, namely reducing R&D expenditures.

Originality/value
– The conclusions are of great significance for innovation promotion in China.
Guest Editor foreword
Authors: Li Yuanhui 
Published: November 2013

Purpose
– The papers in this issue make a significant original contribution which will result in the better understanding of Chinese corporate finance management challenges from both theoretical and practical perspective. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– The papers of this issue have a wide range of coverage related to corporate finance, such as CSR disclosure, organizational structure, earnings management, ownership structure, media impact, corporate accidents, and institution background. Those papers selected are all based on empirical researches with the original designs of their modeling, by the real and fundamental data from the latest Chinese market and enterprises.

Findings
– The author believes that such in-depth analysis and discussion will enhance the understanding for both researches and practitioners on the behavior of managing corporate finance in China. Those findings will contribute to the establishment of Chinese management theories and to the building of a wide range of Chinese management practices.

Originality/value
– Although the angle of each paper varies, they are all trying to have a deep analysis which may unveil the behavior of corporate finance decision. Some of such behaviors will be beneficial to the long-term sustainable growth of the company, while others, though, may have the negative impact on the corporate value creation.
Stigma and perceptions of recovery in Scotland: a qualitative study of injecting drug users attending methadone treatment
Authors: McPhee Iain , Brown Anne , Martin Colin 
Published: November 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore how injecting opiate users on a methadone treatment programme experience stigma as drug addicts, and as service users in health care and pharmacy settings. In particular the paper explores the rationale for injecting drugs, which the paper is argued to create the conditions for experiencing shame at the micro interactional level, influenced by macro institutional factors. The paper links this issue of being an injecting drug user in treatment to question whether the definition of recovery as “drug free” in the Scottish drug policy document The Road to Recovery (2008) creates the potential for stigma of service users receiving methadone maintenance treatment.

Design/methodology/approach
– In all, 14 participants, all of whom identified themselves as problem intravenous users of drugs, were recruited from three voluntary sector (third sector) treatment agencies in Scotland. Participants took part in semi-structured interviews; these were recorded, transcribed and qualitatively analysed thematically.

Findings
– Participants describe feelings of stigma in relation to their drug taking as problem users. Their experiences as recovering opiate injectors raises further challenges in distancing themselves from stigmatised addict identities.

Originality/value
– Reasons for injecting rather than smoking heroin were principally financially challenging a widely held belief that users inject primarily for pleasure, which is argued as increasing the potential for stigma. Shame and perceived discrimination was documented before and during drug treatment.