bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated With Comfort Level of Occupational Therapy Practitioners in Providing Low Vision Services
Authors: Winner Sandra , Yuen Hon K. , Vogtle Laura K. , Warren Mary 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. We describe the perceived adequacy of educational preparation for and comfort level of occupational therapy practitioners in providing services to clients with low vision and identify factors associated with the practitioners’ comfort level.
METHOD. One hundred occupational therapists who were not specialists in low vision rehabilitation completed a survey.
RESULTS. Fifty-two percent of the respondents perceived that they had received adequate preparation in occupational therapy school to address low vision. Between 54% and 63% of respondents were comfortable performing visual screening and providing interventions for clients with low vision. Multivariable analyses indicated that having received adequate preparation in occupational therapy school, having a partnership with an eye-care professional, and having provided services to a larger percentage of clients with low vision were significantly associated with perceived comfort in providing services to this population.
CONCLUSION. Findings provide an initial direction to improve low vision content in occupational therapy education curricula.
Nondiseased Liver Stiffness Measured by Shear Wave Elastography
Authors: Cha Seung Woo , Jeong Woo Kyoung , Kim Yongsoo , Kim Min Yeong , Kim Jinoo , Kim Soo Yeon , Ryu Jeong Ah , Kim Tae Yeob , Sohn Joo Hyun , Kim Young Hwan 
Published: December 2013

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate the value of liver stiffness in patients without liver disease using shear wave elastography and to determine the liver stiffness threshold value for identifying patients with chronic liver diseases.MethodsA total of 150 patients who underwent liver sonography coupled with shear wave elastography were enrolled. On the basis of clinical and pathologic criteria, they were assigned to 1 of 2 groups: nondiseased liver (n = 97) and noncirrhotic chronic liver disease (n = 53). Liver stiffness was measured in the right liver, and the median value of 10 measurements was calculated. Both mean and median values in the nondiseased liver group were compared with those in the noncirrhotic chronic liver disease group. To validate this comparison, liver stiffness of the patients who underwent liver biopsy revealing either no fibrosis (fibrosis score F0; n = 5) or substantial fibrosis (F2; n = 14) was also investigated and compared. To determine the optimal threshold value for determining chronic liver disease, a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed.ResultsThe mean liver stiffness value in the nondiseased liver group was 5.4 kPa. In the noncirrhotic chronic liver disease group, the mean value was 8.1 kPa. Differences between the nondiseased liver and both noncirrhotic chronic liver disease groups were statistically significant (P < .001). The optimal liver stiffness threshold value for discriminating nondiseased liver from noncirrhotic chronic liver disease was 6.9 kPa. The sensitivity using this threshold was 94%. In the biopsy‐proven patients, the mean liver stiffness values were 6.0 kPa in the F0 group and 9.9 kPa in the F2 group.ConclusionsThe range of liver stiffness in patients with nondiseased liver and the optimal threshold value for discriminating these patients from those with chronic liver disease were identified.
Relationship Between the Liver Tissue Shear Modulus and Histopathologic Findings Analyzed by Intraoperative Shear Wave Elastography and Digital Microscopically Assisted Morphometry in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Honjo Mitsuyoshi , Moriyasu Fuminori , Sugimoto Katsutoshi , Oshiro Hisashi , Sakamaki Kentaro , Kasuya Kazuhiko , Nagai Takeshi , Tsuchida Akihiko , Imai Yasuharu 
Published: December 2013

ObjectivesShear wave elastography is a novel noninvasive method for assessing liver fibrosis by measuring liver stiffness. This study was conducted to evaluate how pathologic changes could have an impact on measured elasticity values in both resected hepatocellular carcinomas and adjacent liver tissue.MethodsIntraoperative shear wave elastography was performed in 7 patients who underwent liver resection at our institution; 7 hepatocellular carcinomas and adjacent liver tissue were subjected to elastographic measurements. A total of 48 circular regions of interest (ROIs; 3–8 mm in diameter) were located in the hepatocellular carcinomas (n = 37) and adjacent liver tissue (n = 11), and mean stiffness values were obtained from each ROI. All of the histologic images corresponding to the 48 ROIs after surgery were transformed into digital microscopic images by a scanning system, and histologic parameters, such as the proportions of nuclear areas, fatty areas, fibrous areas, and vessel areas, were quantitatively assessed. Relationships between the mean stiffness and the histologic parameters were investigated by the mixed effects model.ResultsBy univariate analysis, the proportions of collagen fiber areas (P = .039), fibrous areas (P = .045), hepatocellular nuclear areas (P = .045), and nuclear areas other than hepatocellular and lymphoplasmacytic areas (P = .039) showed statistically positive associations with mean stiffness values. Multivariate analysis indicated that the proportion of collagen fiber areas was the strongest pathologic determinant of mean stiffness (P = .008), with hepatocellular nuclear areas also having a significant effect (P = .010).ConclusionsFibrosis predictably affects elastographic estimation, but hepatocellular density (ie, hepatocellular nuclear areas) also alters elastographic assessment.
Sonography of Acne Vulgaris
Authors: Wortsman Ximena , Claveria Pedro , Valenzuela Fernando , Molina Maria Teresa , Wortsman Jacobo 
Published: December 2013

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to assess the sonographic morphology of the clinical and subclinical pathology of facial acne vulgaris.MethodsWe studied patients with facial acne vulgaris diagnosed by certified dermatologists, and using a standardized protocol for sonographic examinations, we sequentially described the sonographic pathomorphologic characteristics. Lesions of particular interest to the referring clinician were also analyzed separately. Additionally, acne involvement was staged clinically and sonographically (SOS‐Acne) using morphologic definitions of the relevant lesions and predefined scoring systems for gradation of the severity of acne lesions.ResultsA total of 245 acne lesions in 20 consecutive patients were studied. Sonographic abnormalities consisted of pseudocysts, folliculitis, fistulas, and calcinosis. Most conditions were subclinical and mostly due to lesion extensions deep into the dermis and hypodermis (52% of pseudocysts and 68% of fistulas). The statistical concordance between acne severity scores assigned by two separate clinicians was strong (κ = 0.8020), but the corresponding sonographic scores generally showed more severe and clinically occult involvement.ConclusionsFacial acne vulgaris often involves deeper tissues, beyond the reach of the spatially restricted clinical examination; these subclinical conditions can be detected and defined with sonography. Additionally, acne vulgaris is amenable to sonographic scoring.
Mechanisms for the emergence of ocean striations in the North Pacific
Authors: Davis A. , Di Lorenzo E. , Luo H. , Belmadani A. , Maximenko N. , Melnichenko O. , Schneider N. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractRecent observations suggest that the mean mesoscale oceanic zonal velocity field is dominated by alternating jet‐like features often referred to as striations. Here the generating dynamics of Northeast Pacific striations are explored with a set of 120 year eddy‐permitting model simulations. Simulations are conducted with decreasing complexity toward idealized configurations retaining the essential dynamics and forcing necessary for striation development. For each simulation, we diagnose the spin‐up of the ocean model and the sensitivity of striation generation to topography, coastal geometry, and wind stress, which modulates the gyre circulation and the nonlinearity of the flow field. Results indicate that Northeast Pacific striations develop predominantly at the eastern boundary and migrate westward in congruence with beta‐plumes in both the nonlinear and quasi‐linear regimes. Mean striations are governed by coastline geometry, which provides quasi‐steady vorticity sources energized by eastern boundary current instabilities.
Future climate warming increases Greenland ice sheet surface mass balance variability
Authors: Fyke Jeremy G. , Vizcaíno Miren , Lipscomb William , Price Stephen 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe integrated surface mass balance (SMB) of the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) has large interannual variability. Long‐term future changes to this variability will affect GrIS dynamics, freshwater fluxes, regional oceanography, and detection of changes in ice volume trends. Here we analyze a simulated 1850–2100 GrIS SMB time series from the Community Earth System Model, currently the only global climate model that realistically simulates GrIS SMB. We find a significant increase in interannual integrated SMB variability over time, which we attribute primarily to a shift to a high‐variability melt‐dominated SMB regime due to GrIS ablation area growth. We find temporal increases to characteristic ablation and accumulation area‐specific SMB variabilities to be of secondary importance. Since ablation area SMB variability is driven largely by variability in summer surface melt, variability in the climate processes regulating the energy fluxes that control melting will likely increasingly determine future GrIS SMB variability.
An empirical investigation of nonlinear energy transfer from the M2 internal tide to diurnal wave motions in the Kauai Channel, Hawaii
Authors: Chou Sherry H. , Luther Douglas S. , Guiles Martin D. , Carter Glenn S. , Decloedt Thomas 
Published: December 2013

AbstractCurrent profiles are examined for evidence of nonlinear energy transfers from the M2 internal tide to diurnal waves. The 6 month records, unlike shorter records, produce well‐resolved velocity and shear spectra that consistently exhibit maxima at the diurnal tides O1 and K1, with a minimum at the intermediate M2 subharmonic, M2/2. The ratio of velocity spectral energy at M2/2 and M2 is quantified, providing a needed modeling benchmark. Bispectra and bicoherences imply a negligible [−M2/2, −M2/2, −M2] triad interaction, but possibly a significant interaction for the [−O1, −K1, −M2] triad. Numerical simulations, however, indicate that O1 and K1 signals are from internal tides. Tests with synthetic data, linear tides plus random noise, reveal that bispectrum and bicoherence estimators can yield significant values, thus misleading results. Therefore, resolving the diurnal tides from M2/2 is essential to meaningfully assess nonlinear transfer of energy from M2 to diurnal waves.
Soil gas distribution in the main coseismic surface rupture zone of the 1980,Ms = 6.9, Irpinia earthquake (southern Italy)
Authors: Ciotoli Giancarlo , Bigi Sabina , Tartarello Chiara , Sacco Pietro , Lombardi Salvatore , Ascione Alessandra , Mazzoli Stefano 
Published: December 2013

AbstractSoil gas measurements of different gas species with different geochemical behaviors were performed in the area of the Pecore Plain, a 200 m × 300 m sized, fault‐bounded extensional basin located in the northern Mount Marzano massif, in the axial belt of the southern Apennine chain. The Pecore Plain area was affected by coseismic surface faulting during theMs = 6.9, 1980 Irpinia earthquake, the strongest and most destructive seismic event of the last 30 years in southern Italy. The collected data and their geostatistical analysis provide new insights into the control exerted by active fault segments on deep‐seated gas migration toward the surface. The results define anomalies that are aligned with the NW‐SE trending coseismic rupture of the 1980 earthquake along the western border of the plain, as well as along the southern border of the plain where a hidden, E‐W striking fault is inferred. Geospatial analysis highlights an anisotropic spatial behavior of222Rn along the main NW‐SE trend and of CO2along the E‐W trend. This feature suggests a correlation between the shape and orientation of the anomalies and the barrier/conduit behavior of fault zones in the area. Furthermore, our results show that gas migration through brittle deformation zones occurs by advective processes, as suggested by the relatively high migration rate needed to obtain anomalies of short‐lived222Rn in the soil pores.
Hierarchical fusion robust Kalman filter for clustering sensor network time‐varying systems with uncertain noise variances
Authors: Zhang Peng , Qi Wenjuan , Deng Zili 
Published: December 2013

SUMMARYFor the clustering time‐varying sensor network systems with uncertain noise variances, according to the minimax robust estimation principle, based on the worst‐case conservative system with conservative upper bounds of noise variances, applying the optimal Kalman filtering, the two‐level hierarchical fusion time‐varying robust Kalman filter is presented, where the first‐level fusers consist of the local decentralized robust fusers for the clusters, and the second‐level fuser is a global decentralized robust fuser for the cluster heads. It can reduce the communication load and save energy resources of sensors. Its robustness is proved by the proposed Lyapunov equation method. The concept of robust accuracy is presented, and the robust accuracy relations of the local, decentralized, and centralized fused robust Kalman filters are proved. Specially, the corresponding steady‐state robust local and fused Kalman filters are also presented, and the convergence in a realization between the time‐varying and steady‐state robust Kalman filters is proved by the dynamic error system analysis method. A simulation example shows correctness and effectiveness. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Association between insulin‐like growth factor‐1, measures of overnutrition and undernutrition and insulin resistance in black adolescents living in the north‐west province, South Africa
Authors: Mamabolo Ramoteme L. , Berti Cristiana , Monyeki Makama A. , Salome Kruger H. 
Published: December 2013

ObjectiveTo determine if insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) is a significant predictor of body fat percentage (%BF), lean body mass, and insulin resistance (IR) in black adolescents presenting with overnutrition and undernutrition.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was undertaken in 181 adolescents (111 girls, 70 boys, 13–20 years old) from a low socio‐economic population in the North‐West Province, South Africa. Anthropometric measurements were performed, and %BF and lean mass were assessed by air displacement plethysmography. Serum glucose, leptin, insulin, IGF‐1 and IGF‐binding protein‐3 (IGFBP‐3) were measured and homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA‐IR) was calculated. Predictors of body composition and HOMA‐IR were determined in multivariate linear regressions.ResultsOf the boys, 31% had a %BF >20%, whereas 42% of girls had a %BF >30%. Furthermore, 17.1% male and 18.9% female adolescents were stunted, indicating overnutrition and undernutrition in the same group. IGF‐1 showed a negative association with %BF in both sexes, and a positive correlation with height‐for‐age z‐score (HAZ) and lean mass, respectively, in the boys. IGF‐1 correlated positively and physical activity correlated negatively with fasting insulin and HOMA‐IR in the girls. In both sexes, leptin had the strongest association with %BF in multiple regressions. Leptin and Tanner stage were significant predictors of HOMA‐IR in girls, but not in boys.ConclusionsIGF‐1 was positively associated with lean mass and HAZ in boys, indicating a beneficial relationship with linear growth, but with IR in the girls, indicating possible adverse metabolic effects in the presence of high %BF and physical inactivity. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 26:189–197, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Early life stress and later health outcomes—findings from the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Eriksson Mia , Räikkönen Katri , Eriksson Johan G. 
Published: December 2013

ObjectivesSevere early life stress (ELS) is a well‐known risk factor for mental health disorders later in life. Not only mental health disorders are affected by ELS but early life stressors can also induce physical and biological changes increasing the risk for several noncommunicable diseases including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.MethodsThis review focuses on the cohesive studies of individuals from the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study born 1934–1944 who were sent abroad from Finland during World War II as “war children.”ResultsThe review encompasses both epidemiological and clinical studies ranging from mental health disorders to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease as well as potential underlying mechanisms explaining the association between ELS and later health.ConclusionsELS is capable of causing changes that alter the normal physiological responses and thereby increase later disease risk, including cardiometabolic disorders. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 26:111–116, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Olprinone, phosphodiesterase III inhibitor, is useful for patients with severe acute heart failure due to takotsubo cardiomyopathy accompanied by subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Okajima Masaki , Koshida Yoshinao , Noda Toru , Taniguchi Takumi 
Published: December 2013

CaseA 53‐year‐old woman with coma was diagnosed with subarachnoid hemorrhage and ruptured aneurysm at the right internal carotid–posterior communicating artery.OutcomeThe aneurysm was successfully clipped. Severe hypoxia and shock with abnormal left ventricular contraction were observed. We diagnosed severe acute heart failure with cardiogenic shock due to takotsubo cardiomyopathy complicated by subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neither catecholamine nor intra‐aortic balloon pumping was selected to treat severe acute heart failure with cardiogenic shock because catecholamine generally worsens takotsubo cardiomyopathy and hematoma after surgery. Therefore, we gave olprinone and improved hypoxia and hemodynamics immediately without any arrhythmia.ConclusionOlprinone was effective for severe acute heart failure with cardiogenic shock due to takotsubo cardiomyopathy accompanied by subarachnoid hemorrhage. Catecholamine agents should be avoided if possible in patients with takotsubo cardiomyopathy. A phosphodiesterase III inhibitor may be useful for cardiogenic shock caused by takotsubo cardiomyopathy.
Relationship between the 4Ts scoring system and the antiplatelet factor 4/heparin antibodies test in critically ill patients
Authors: Matsumura Yosuke , Nakada Taka‐aki , Oda Shigeto 
Published: December 2013

AimHeparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an adverse drug reaction and potentially progresses to fatal thrombosis. The 4Ts scoring system has been reported as a clinical pretest for HIT. However, its usefulness in critically ill patients has not yet been thoroughly examined. Thus, we evaluated the clinical usefulness of the 4Ts score in the diagnosis of HIT in critically ill patients.MethodsOne hundred and four critically ill patients who were admitted to our intensive care unit and who underwent the antiplatelet factor 4/heparin complex antibodies (PF4/heparin Ab) test with suspected HIT were enrolled in the study. The primary endpoint variable was the 4Ts score. The secondary endpoint variables were laboratory data, length of stay, and mortality, compared between thePF4/heparin Ab positive and negative groups.ResultsThere was no significant difference in the 4Ts scores between the PF4/heparin Ab positive and negative groups. The positive predictive value (HIT patients/4T high score patients) was 15.4% (2/13), the negative predictive value (non‐HIT patients/4T low score patients) was 87.5% (42/48), and the false‐negative rate for the 4Ts score (4T low score patients/HIT patients) was as high as 54.5% (6/11). The PF4/heparin Ab positive patients had longer stay in intensive care compared to the PF4/heparin Ab negative patients (P = 0.035).ConclusionsThe present study showed the discrepancy between the 4Ts score and PF4/heparin Ab. When HIT is suspected in critically ill patients, an immediate HIT antibody test and initiation of therapeutic management of HIT are required regardless of the 4Ts score.
Round pneumonia in an elderly woman
Authors: Mahmood Tashfeen , Jou‐Tindou Adeline J. , Khasawneh Faisal A. 
Published: December 2013

Key Clinical MessageWe describe a case of pneumococcal round pneumonia in an elderly smoker and it demonstrates the role of inflammatory biomarkers and follow‐up imaging in ruling out more ominous diagnoses.
Histopathological image analysis for centroblasts classification through dimensionality reduction approaches
Authors: Kornaropoulos Evgenios N. , Niazi M. Khalid Khan , Lozanski Gerard , Gurcan Metin N. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractWe present two novel automated image analysis methods to differentiate centroblast (CB) cells from noncentroblast (non‐CB) cells in digital images of H&E‐stained tissues of follicular lymphoma. CB cells are often confused by similar looking cells within the tissue, therefore a system to help their classification is necessary. Our methods extract the discriminatory features of cells by approximating the intrinsic dimensionality from the subspace spanned by CB and non‐CB cells. In the first method, discriminatory features are approximated with the help of singular value decomposition (SVD), whereas in the second method they are extracted using Laplacian Eigenmaps. Five hundred high‐power field images were extracted from 17 slides, which are then used to compose a database of 213 CB and 234 non‐CB region of interest images. The recall, precision, and overall accuracy rates of the developed methods were measured and compared with existing classification methods. Moreover, the reproducibility of both classification methods was also examined. The average values of the overall accuracy were 99.22% ± 0.75% and 99.07% ± 1.53% for COB and CLEM, respectively. The experimental results demonstrate that both proposed methods provide better classification accuracy of CB/non‐CB in comparison with the state of the art methods. © 2013 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry