bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Killer Cell Lectin-Like Receptor G1 Deficiency Significantly Enhances Survival after Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection
Authors: Cyktor Joshua C. , Carruthers Bridget , Stromberg Paul , Flaño Emilio , Pircher Hanspeter , Turner Joanne 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTThe expression of T cell differentiation markers is known to increase duringMycobacterium tuberculosisinfection, and yet the biological role of such markers remains unclear. We examined the requirement of the T cell differentiation marker killer cell lectin-like receptor G1 (KLRG1) duringM. tuberculosisinfection using mice deficient in KLRG1. KLRG1−/−mice had a significant survival extension afterM. tuberculosisinfection compared to wild-type controls, and maintained a significantly lower level of pulmonaryM. tuberculosisthroughout chronic infection. Improved control ofM. tuberculosisinfection was associated with an increased number of activated pulmonary CD4+T cells capable of secreting gamma interferon (IFN-γ). Our report is the first to show anin vivoimpact of KLRG1 on disease control.
Altered Immune Response Differentially Enhances Susceptibility to Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii Infection in Mice Expressing the HIV-1 Transgene
Authors: Leongson Kassandre , Cousineau-Côté Vincent , Goupil Mathieu , Aumont Francine , Sénéchal Serge , Gaboury Louis , Jolicoeur Paul , Kronstad James W. , de Repentigny Louis 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTCryptococcus neoformansvar.grubiiis the most frequent cause of AIDS-associated cryptococcosis worldwide, whileCryptococcus gattiiusually infects immunocompetent people. To understand the mechanisms which cause differential susceptibility to these cryptococcal species in HIV infection, we established and characterized a model of cryptococcosis in CD4C/HIVMutAtransgenic (Tg) mice expressing gene products of HIV-1 and developing an AIDS-like disease. Tg mice infected intranasally withC. neoformansvar.grubiistrain H99 or C23 consistently displayed reduced survival compared to non-Tg mice at three graded inocula, while shortened survival of Tg mice infected withC. gattiistrain R265 or R272 was restricted to a single high inoculum. HIV-1 transgene expression selectively augmented systemic dissemination to the liver and spleen for strains H99 and C23 but not strains R265 and R272. Histopathologic examination of lungs of Tg mice revealed large numbers of widely scattered H99 cells, with a minimal inflammatory cell response, while in the non-Tg mice H99 was almost completely embedded within extensive mixed inflammatory cell infiltrates. In contrast to H99, R265 was dispersed throughout the lung parenchyma and failed to induce a strong inflammatory response in both Tg and non-Tg mice. HIV-1 transgene expression reduced pulmonary production of CCL2 and CCL5 after infection with H99 or R265, and production of these two chemokines was lower after infection with R265. These results indicate that an altered immune response in these Tg mice markedly enhancesC. neoformansbut notC. gattiiinfection. This model therefore provides a powerful new tool to further investigate the immunopathogenesis of cryptococcosis.
Ethical Ramifications for a Proposed FTA between India and the EU
Authors: Dyck Alanna 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Awareness about the global burden of disease highlights an important relationship between the needs of the desperately ill in economically disadvantaged countries and the need to ensure adequate compensation for the research and development of new medicines. Although the UN officially recognizes the Right to Health as a fundamental human right, I argue that it is simultaneously undermining its official position by enabling wealthy nations to take advantage of unfair bargaining positions in trade negotiations. Where such agreements target the epicenter for the creation and distribution of medicines for the globally disadvantaged, they must be viewed as particularly reprehensible.
Impact of constitutional copy number variants on biological pathway evolution
Authors: Poptsova Maria , Banerjee Samprit , Gokcumen Omer , Rubin Mark A , Demichelis Francesca 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background
Inherited Copy Number Variants (CNVs) can modulate the expression levels of individual genes. However, little is known about how CNVs alter biological pathways and how this varies across different populations. To trace potential evolutionary changes of well-described biological pathways, we jointly queried the genomes and the transcriptomes of a collection of individuals with Caucasian, Asian or Yoruban descent combining high-resolution array and sequencing data.

Results
We implemented an enrichment analysis of pathways accounting for CNVs and genes sizes and detected significant enrichment not only in signal transduction and extracellular biological processes, but also in metabolism pathways. Upon the estimation of CNV population differentiation (CNVs with different polymorphism frequencies across populations), we evaluated that 22% of the pathways contain at least one gene that is proximal to a CNV (CNV-gene pair) that shows significant population differentiation. The majority of these CNV-gene pairs belong to signal transduction pathways and 6% of the CNV-gene pairs show statistical association between the copy number states and the transcript levels.

Conclusions
The analysis suggested possible examples of positive selection within individual populations including NF-kB, MAPK signaling pathways, and Alu/L1 retrotransposition factors. Altogether, our results suggest that constitutional CNVs may modulate subtle pathway changes through specific pathway enzymes, which may become fixed in some populations.
Atomic polymorphism
Authors: Ferreira Fernando , Ferreira Gilda 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIt has been known for six years that the restriction of Girard's polymorphic system F to atomic universal instantiations interprets the full fragment of the intuitionistic propositional calculus. We firstly observe that Tait's method of “convertibility” applies quite naturally to the proof of strong normalization of the restricted Girard system. We then show that each β-reduction step of the full intuitionistic propositional calculus translates into one or more βη-reduction steps in the restricted Girard system. As a consequence, we obtain a novel and perspicuous proof of the strong normalization property for the full intuitionistic propositional calculus. It is noticed that this novel proof bestows a crucial role to η-conversions.
Collagen Corneal Cross-linking and the Epithelium
Authors: Abdelaziz Lamis , Garzozi Hanna , Barua Ankur 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
Collagen corneal cross-linking is an acceptable method for halting the progression of keratoconus and post-Lasik ectasia. The traditional method advocates the removal of epithelium for proper saturation of riboflavin within the stroma. The postoperative complications associated with epithelial removal have necessitated the search for a transepithelial method of riboflavin delivery. Controversies aroused with regard to the effectiveness of this approach. In this article, we review the up- to-date literature on this controversial subject.

How to cite this article
Barbara R, Abdelaziz L, Barua A, Garzozi H, Barbara A. Collagen Corneal Cross-linking and the Epithelium. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2012;1(3):179-184.
Visual Outcomes with Contact Lenses Previous Keratoplasty
Authors: Carracedo Gonzalo 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
We describe a case of a 22-year-old patient, with severe keratoconus in both eyes. Penetrating keratoplasty in left eye was performed in August 2011. The patient was awaiting postoperative stabilization of this eye prior to surgery on the right eye. Therefore, a Clearkone® hybrid contact lens was fitted on the right eye to maintain corneal epithelial integrity, improve quality of vision and therefore qualify of life during this interim period. Visual acuity with the contact lens was +0.1 logMAR. Comfort was excellent and the patient was able to wear the Clearkone® lens up to 12 hours per day. Similar outcomes regarding vision and comfort were obtained at follow-up visits through 9 months. In conclusion, new hybrid contact lens designs for keratoconus are an excellent option for vision rehabilitation in severe cases of keratoconus which would otherwise be left with low vision for several months while waiting for keratoplasty.

How to cite this article
Carracedo G. Visual Outcomes with Contact Lenses Previous Keratoplasty. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2012;1(3):196-200.
El anarquismo frente a una coyuntura crítica: movilización popular, violencia y opinión pública en Buenos Aires a fines de la década del ´20
Authors: Anapios Luciana 
Published: January 2013

Este trabajo propone analizar el ciclo de movilización popular que se dio en Buenos Aires entre 1927 y 1929 en solidaridad con Nicola Sacco y Bartolomeo Vanzetti, condenados a muerte en Estado Unidos. En este contexto la participación popular y protesta obrera se articularon con una ola de atentados menores, delincuencia y terrorismo. Nos interesa aquí analizar el rol del movimiento anarquista en este contexto. Como organizadores de las huelgas generales y promotores de las campañas por solidaridad el movimiento libertario recuperó una visibilidad en la prensa comercial y una presencia en la calle que había decaído en los últimos años como consecuencia de la competencia del sindicalismo en el ámbito laboral y sus propios debates internos. Pero al mismo tiempo la multiplicación de acciones violentas hizo visibles los límites para encauzar su acción política.
Trabajo, orden doméstico y control social en el Caribe colombiano, 1850-1920
Authors: Aguas Sergio Paolo Solano de las 
Published: January 2013

Este artículo analiza las formas en que se manifestó la escasez de trabajadores durante el siglo XIX, los mecanismos coyunturales empleados por los empresarios para satisfacer sus necesidades y las políticas de fondo que se propusieron como solución definitiva. Resalta la importancia de tener en cuenta ciertos mecanismos institucionales que definían el ámbito al que se circunscribía las relaciones laborales. Palabras claves: Mercado laboral, demografía, trabajadores, conflictos sociales Abstract: This paper examines the ways in which they said the labor shortage during the nineteenth century, short-term mechanisms employed by employers to meet their needs and underlying policies that were proposed as a final solution. Highlights the importance of taking into account certain institutional mechanisms that define the area that was limited to labour relations. Key words: labor market, demographic, labor, social conflicts
What Drives FDI from Non-traditional Sources? A Comparative Analysis of the Determinants of Bilateral FDI Flows
Authors: Andrés Maximiliano Sosa , Nunnenkamp Peter , Busse Matthias 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Non-traditional source countries of FDI play an increasingly important role, notably in developing host countries. This raises the question of whether the location choices differ systematically between traditional and non-traditional source countries. We perform Logit and Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood estimations to assess the determinants of bilateral FDI flows. We find that economic geography variables are more relevant for FDI from nontraditional sources. The risk aversion of non-traditional investors is not consistently weaker than that of traditional investors. Resource abundance and superior technology in the host countries represent minor pull factors of FDI from non-traditional sources.
Gradient of microstructural damage along the dentato‐thalamo‐cortical tract in Friedreich ataxia
Authors: Cocozza Sirio , Bosticardo Sara , Battocchio Matteo , Corben Louise , Delatycki Martin , Egan Gary , Georgiou‐Karistianis Nellie , Monti Serena , Palma Giuseppe , Pane Chiara , Saccà Francesco , Schiavi Simona , Selvadurai Louisa , Tranfa Mario , Daducci Alessandro , Brunetti Arturo , Harding Ian H. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe dentato‐thalamo‐cortical tract (DTT) is the main cerebellar efferent pathway. Degeneration of the DTT is a core feature of Friedreich ataxia (FRDA). However, it remains unclear whether DTT disruption is spatially specific, with some segments being more impacted than others. This study aimed to investigate microstructural integrity along the DTT in FRDA using a profilometry diffusion MRI (dMRI) approach.MethodsMRI data from 45 individuals with FRDA (mean age: 33.2 ± 13.2, Male/Female: 26/19) and 37 healthy controls (mean age: 36.5 ± 12.7, Male/Female:18/19) were included in this cross‐sectional multicenter study. A profilometry analysis was performed on dMRI data by first using tractography to define the DTT as the white matter pathway connecting the dentate nucleus to the contralateral motor cortex. The tract was then divided into 100 segments, and dMRI metrics of microstructural integrity (fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity and radial diffusivity) at each segment were compared between groups. The process was replicated on the arcuate fasciculus for comparison.ResultsAcross all diffusion metrics, the region of the DTT connecting the dentate nucleus and thalamus was more impacted in FRDA than downstream cerebral sections from the thalamus to the cortex. The arcuate fasciculus was minimally impacted.InterpretationOur study further expands the current knowledge about brain involvement in FRDA, showing that microstructural abnormalities within the DTT are weighted to early segments of the tract (i.e., the superior cerebellar peduncle). These findings are consistent with the hypothesis of DTT undergoing anterograde degeneration arising from the dentate nuclei and progressing to the primary motor cortex.
Structure of Spider Silk Studied with Solid‐State NMR
Authors: Asakura Tetsuo , Naito Akira 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSpider dragline silks exhibit remarkable mechanical properties, combining both high strength and toughness. These unique characteristics arise from the intricate structure of the silk, which requires atomic‐level information to understand its origins. 13C solid‐state NMR provides this detailed structural insight into spider dragline silk. In this review, 13C CP/MAS, 13C DD/MAS and 13C INEPT NMR spectroscopies are employed to reveal the structure of spider dragline silks together with 13C conformation‐dependent chemical shifts, 2D spin‐diffusion NMR, rotational echo double resonance, dipolar‐assisted rotational resonance, and angle‐dependent NMR. The primary structure of major ampullate of spider dragline silk consists of repeated polyalanine and a glycine‐rich regions. By analyzing the 13C conformation‐dependent chemical shifts and utilizing several solid‐state NMR techniques, it has been proposed that the glycine‐rich region primarily adopts a random coil conformation, including partially β‐sheet and β‐turn structures. This contradicts the previously suggested 31 helix conformation. On the other hand, the polyalanine region exhibits an antiparallel β‐sheet structure with staggered packing arrangements. Additionally, solid‐state NMR has also revealed the structure of fragelliform spider silk. These findings contribute to the understanding of the remarkable properties of spider dragline silks and provide insights into its atomic‐level architecture.
The Nanoarchitectonics of Sustainable Smart Window Design by LCST Modulation of Photoresponsive Molecular π‐Systems
Authors: Patra Dipak , Das Satyajit , Shankar Sreejith , Ajayaghosh Ayyappanpillai 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLower Critical Solution Temperature (LCST) of macromolecular systems is important in thermoresponsive smart window design. However, controlling the LCST behavior and sustaining the shelf‐life are challenging tasks. Herein, how photochemistry can be tweaked to design sustainable smart windows that allow controlled transmission of solar radiation is described. The cyanostilbene substituted naphthalenes 1(Z) and 2(Z), show Z/E‐photoisomerization and subsequent Mallory cyclization resulting in significant modulation in clouding temperatures (Tcloud). At 1 mM concentration, the Tcloud of 1(Z), and 1(E) are 33 ± 0.1 and 28 ± 0.13 °C, respectively whereas 2(Z) and 2(E) exhibit Tcloud around 37 ± 0.1 and 30 ± 0.1 °C, respectively. The high thermal barrier for the E/Z back isomerization of 1(E) and 2(E) and removal of oxygen from the reaction medium allow control of the photoprocesses, thereby facilitating the construction of sustainable smart windows that respond to the surrounding temperature. A 30 × 30 cm2 window prototype containing an aqueous solution of 1(Z) (1 mM) exhibits a fully transmissive state at 25 °C and a nearly zero‐transmissive state at 33 °C for 10,000 cycles of operation.
Application of Additive Manufacturing in the Development of Polymeric Bioresorbable Cardiovascular Stents: A Review
Authors: Yasmin Farhana , Vafadar Ana , Tolouei‐Rad Majid 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPolymeric vascular bioresorbable stents (BRSs) have been widely used for the treatment of coronary artery diseases. While additive manufacturing (AM) is changing the landscape of the healthcare sector by enabling the realization of patient‐specific stents with highly complex structures. There are, however, challenges associated with the use of polymeric BRS, particularly in‐stent restenosis (ISR), related to its poor mechanical properties. Therefore, the aim of this review is to provide an overview of recent advancements in the development of polymeric BRSs designed to meet both mechanical and biological requirements. First, biopolymers as well as shape memory polymers (SMPs) that are suitable for BRSs are highlighted and briefly described. Second, different types of designing structures of vascular stents in addition to introducing effective mechanical metamaterials, e.g., negative Poisson ratio (NPR) structures are addressed. Subsequently, AM methods currently being used to fabricate polymeric BRSs, are discussed and compared with conventional fabrication methods. Lastly, future directions for research are proposed in relation to existing challenges to the realization of a new generation of AM BRSs. Overall, this paper serves as a benchmark for future cardiovascular applications, especially in order to obtain clinically viable polymeric vascular stents by selecting suitable polymers, designs, and AM technologies.
Realizing the High Efficiency of Type‐II Superlattice Infrared Sensors Integrated Wire‐Grid Polarizer via Femtosecond Laser Polishing
Authors: Kim Hyesu , Jeon Jiyeon , Jo Junhee , Chun Byong Sun , Lee Sang Jun , Chang Won Seok 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA comprehensive strategy to enhance the polarization performance of mid‐wave infrared photodetectors (PDs) is developed and implemented by integrating wire‐grid polarizers (WGPs) using nanoimprint lithography and femtosecond laser (FSL) polishing. This combined approach offers significant advantages, including large‐area fabrication capabilities, practical device integration, and improved polarization characteristics. By addressing optical losses, the primary factor contributing to polarization degradation through the thermal effects of FSL polishing, substantial improvements are achieved in surface roughness and grain boundary reduction on the WGP, resulting in remarkable performance enhancements. As a result, the extinction ratio of the integrated WGP InAs/GaSb type‐II superlattice PD achieves an impressive value of up to 1044. This approach holds promising potential for advancing polarization‐based imaging and measurement systems to new heights.
Immobilized NRG1 Accelerates Neural Crest like Cell Differentiation Toward Functional Schwann Cells Through Sustained Erk1/2 Activation and YAP/TAZ Nuclear Translocation
Authors: Tseropoulos Georgios , Mehrotra Pihu , Podder Ashis Kumer , Wilson Emma , Zhang Yali , Wang Jianmin , Koontz Alison , Gao Nan Papili , Gunawan Rudiyanto , Liu Song , Feltri Laura M. , Bronner Marianne E. , Andreadis Stelios T. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNeural Crest cells (NC) are a multipotent cell population that give rise to a multitude of cell types including Schwann cells (SC) in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Immature SC interact with neuronal axons via the neuregulin 1 (NRG1) ligand present on the neuronal surface and ultimately form the myelin sheath. Multiple attempts to derive functional SC from pluripotent stem cells have met challenges with respect to expression of mature markers and axonal sorting. Here, they hypothesized that sustained signaling from immobilized NRG1 (iNRG1) might enhance the differentiation of NC derived from glabrous neonatal epidermis towards a SC phenotype. Using this strategy, NC derived SC expressed mature markers to similar levels as compared to explanted rat sciatic SC. Signaling studies revealed that sustained NRG1 signaling led to yes‐associated protein 1 (YAP) activation and nuclear translocation. Furthermore, NC derived SC on iNRG1 exhibited mature SC function as they aligned with rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons in an in vitro coculture model; and most notably, aligned on neuronal axons upon implantation in a chick embryo model in vivo. Taken together their work demonstrated the importance of signaling dynamics in SC differentiation, aiming towards development of drug testing platforms for de‐myelinating disorders.
Genome‐Wide CRISPRi Screening of Key Genes for Recombinant Protein Expression in Bacillus Subtilis
Authors: Zhu Xuyang , Luo Hui , Yu Xinrui , Lv Huihui , Su Lingqia , Zhang Kang , Wu Jing 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBacillus subtilis is an industrially important microorganism that is often used as a microbial cell factory for the production of recombinant proteins due to its food safety, rapid growth, and powerful secretory capacity. However, the lack of data on functional genes related to recombinant protein production has hindered the further development of B. subtilis cell factories. Here, a strategy combining genome‐wide CRISPRi screening and targeted CRISPRa activation to enhance recombinant protein expression is proposed. First, a CRISPRi library covering a total of 4225 coding genes (99.7%) in the B. subtilis genome and built the corresponding high‐throughput screening methods is constructed. Twelve key genes for recombinant protein expression are identified, including targets without relevant functional annotations. Meanwhile, the transcription of recombinant protein genes by CRISPRa is up‐regulated. These screened or selected genes can be easily applied to metabolic engineering by constructing sgRNA arrays. The relationship between differential pathways and recombinant protein expression in engineered strains by transcriptome analysis is also revealed. High‐density fermentation and generalisability validation results prove the reliability of the strategy. This method can be extended to other industrial hosts to support functional gene annotation and the design of novel cell factories.