bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduction of N‐acetyl Aspartate in Bilateral Cerebral Tissue in Relation to Compromised Cerebrovascular Reserve Capacity as Investigated by Proton MR Spectroscopy and Acetazolamide Test
Authors: Lee Chang‐Shin , Chen Cheng‐Yu 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPatients with a symptomatic occlusion of the internal carotid artery or middle cerebral artery are at risk of future stroke. The magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) study in such patients has shown no evidence of the reduced N‐acetyl aspartate (NAA) in regions ipsilateral to a carotid stenosis or occlusion. This result may be partially attributed to the location of MRS voxel in areas without the reduced perfusion reserve. We hypothesize that it is possible to observe the abnormal metabolism if MRS voxel can be placed in areas with the reduced cerebrovascular reserve. Perfusion measurements may allow the assessment of cerebral perfusion reserve by challenge such patients with cerebral vasodilation drugs such as acetazolamide. 38 patients with chronic occlusion or severe stenosis of the internal carotid artery or middle cerebral artery with or without infarction have been performed with challenge test and MRS studies. In addition, 12 normal volunteers were performed with MRS but without challenge test. Perfusion reserve was evaluated by ΔrCBF% and post‐challenge mean transient time (MTT). A correlation was observed between ΔrCBF% and post‐challenge MTT (r = −0.67). Patients without acute infarction were divided into two groups as mild and severe, compromised in according to the post‐challenge hemodynamic data. The spectra for analysis were recorded from voxels in bilateral temporo‐parietal white matter area without MRI visible infarction. Metabolite concentration was normalized to the concentration of creatine (Cr). Between normal and severe group, the NAA/Cr ratios in bilateral cerebral tissue were shown to be significantly differences, so do those between mild and severe group (p < 0.01). In this work, we demonstrated that abnormal metabolism can be detected by MRS method. NAA/Cr ratio may also be reduced in the unaffected contralateral brain. A threshold level of NAA/Cr was shown to be sustainable until the irreversible ischemic ictus occurs.
Pharmacophore Modeling of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: 4‐Anilinoquinazoline Derivatives
Authors: Chang Yeong‐Sheng , Wang Bo‐Cheng , Yang Ling‐Ling 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA pharmacophore model for the inhibition of Tyrosine Kinase is established that could serve as a guide for the rational design of high potent and selective inhibitors. Recently, quantitative structure‐activity relationships for 4‐anilinoquinazoline class of inhibitors to inhibit EGFR autophosphorylation are in great demand. We have developed a quantitatively predictive chemical function‐based pharmacophore model by using Discovery Studio 2.1 software. The optimal hypothesis consists of four features: three hydrophobic (HYD), and one hydrogen bond donor (HBD) functions. The input for HypoGen was a training set of 16 compounds exhibiting IC50 values ranging between 0.025 nM and 12000 nM, and having the output borne significant conventional coefficient of 0.97. To further validate our design rationale, protein‐ligand docking software was used to elucidate the intra‐molecular interactions. Therefore, the established pharmacophore model could help to a better understanding on how the substituents might influence the activity and afford important information for both ligand‐based and structure‐based drug designs.
Phase Transition and the Thermal Activated Ordering of the Ions with Pyrochlore Phase in Ln2Zr2O7 (Ln = Sm, Eu)
Authors: Chiu Chih‐Wei , Kao Huey‐Chuen I. , Sheu Hwo‐Shuenn , Lee Yu‐Hsuen 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTwo series of samples, Sm2Zr2O7 and Eu2Zr2O7, were prepared by the polymeric citrate precursor method and calcined in static air between 700–1450 °C for 24 h. Nano‐size particles obtained were larger with increasing calcination temperatures. Sm2Zr2O7 and Eu2Zr2O7 samples have fluorite phase if they are prepared at temperatures lower than 1000 and 1100 °C, respectively. On the other hand, if the samples are prepared at temperatures higher than 1100 and 1150 °C, they have pyrochlore phase. Phase transition temperature depends on the ionic radius ratio of R(Ln3+)/R(Zr4+). The larger the ratio, the lower the transformation temperature is. Quenched samples have unit cell a‐axis increases with increasing preparation temperatures. The amount of cation antisite in the disordered pyrochlore phase decreases with increasing calcination temperatures. Activation energies calculated on the log (σ;·T) vs. (1/T) for the Sm2Zr2O7 and Eu2Zr2O7 on the cation ordering process are 0.30(1) and 0.39(2) eV, and on the O(3) site are 0.70(9) and 1.2(2) eV, respectively. O2− is much bigger than R3+ so that more energy is required to overcome the hopping potential. Activation energy increases as the ionic radius ratio of the R(Ln3+)/R(Zr3+) decreases due to the decreasing of the unit cell volume.
Synthesis and Characterization of Ilmenite‐Type Cobalt Titanate Powder
Authors: Chuang Shiow‐Huey , Gao Reui‐Hong , Wang Ding‐Yeong , Liu Hsiao‐Ping , Chen Li‐Ming , Chiang Michael Y. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractCobalt titanate (CoTiO3) powder was prepared by a modified sol‐gel method. The precursor solution could be prepared by cobalt acetate and titanium isopropoxide using various solvents either with or without HCl. After post‐heat treatment in air from 500 to 900 °C, CoTiO3 powder with increasing crystallinity was obtained.The fundamental properties of the powder were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) analysis. The effects of post‐heat treatment at different temperatures were discussed based on results of these analyses. The results showed that single‐phase CoTiO3 can be prepared by straightforward sol‐gel spin‐coating method followed by heat treatment at fairly low temperature of 550 °C. The dielectric constant of the CoTiO3 powder thus prepared was found to be 34.5 by C‐V analysis. High‐k material application is promising for the CoTiO3 powder thus prepared.
A Recyclable Thiol‐Functionalized Mesoporous Silica for Detection and Removal of Cu(II) Ions
Authors: Liu Yi‐Chang , Liu Shiuh‐Tzung 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThiol‐functionalized meso‐structured silicas have been prepared by the co‐condensation of tetraethoxysilane and 3‐mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane in the presence of an amphiphilic block copolymer (EO)45‐b‐(MA)53. Partial S‐alkylation of mercapto groups with 9‐(chloromethyl)anthracene resulted in the formation of a hybrid material for the detection and removal of copper ions from water. This hybrid material can be recycled and reused for metal ion adsorption. Under neutral conditions, the binding copper(II) ions can be removed by the addition of an aqueous solution of ethylenediamine. The adsorption capacity of the recycled silicas remains the same as the freshly prepared, which makes them promising adsorbents for wastewater cleanup.
Gold Nanoparticle‐Based Optical Probe for Quick Colorimetric Visualization of Cysteine
Authors: Zhang Yu‐Ping , Chen Jun , Bai Lian‐Yang , Zhou Xiao‐Mao , Wang Li‐Ming 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn this work, a highly sensitive and selective optical probe for cysteine was developed using unmodified gold nanoparticles. Quick visual detection depended on the distance‐dependent optical properties of gold nanoparticles, the self‐assembly of cysteine on the surface of gold nanoparticles, and the chelation in the presence of lead ions. The form of complex could rapidly induced the aggregation of gold nanoparticles, thereby resulting in red‐to‐blue (or purple) color change. The concentration of cysteine was determined with a limit of detection (LOD) lower than 1 × 10−7 M by the naked eye and could further be monitored by a UV‐vis spectrometer easily. The highest selectivity was proved in comparison with other seventeen amino acids and the relative mechanism was detailedly investigated by the addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA).
Investigation of Retention Behaviors of Essential Oils by Using QSRR
Authors: Noorizadeh H. , Farmany A. , Khosravi Afra 
Published: May 2015

AbstractGenetic algorithm and multiple linear regression (GA‐MLR), partial least square (GA‐PLS), kernel PLS (GA‐KPLS) and Levenberg‐Marquardt artificial neural network (L‐M ANN) technique were used to investigate the correlation between retention index (RI) and descriptors for diverse compounds in essential oils. The correlation coefficient cross validation (Q2) between experimental and predicted retention index for training and test sets by GA‐MLR, GA‐PLS, GA‐KPLS and L‐M ANN was 0.948, 0.924, 0.958 and 0.980 (for training set), 0.917, 0.890, 0.915 and 0.954 (for test set), respectively. The L‐M ANN model with the final optimum network architecture of [5‐2‐1] gave a significantly better performance than the other models. This indicates that L‐M ANN can be used as an alternative modeling tool for quantitative structure‐property/retention relationship (QSPR/QSRR) studies.
Synthesis of 5‐(6‐Pyridazinone‐3‐yl)‐2‐glycosylamino‐1,3,4‐thiadiazoles
Authors: Tao Jing , Wang Duo‐Zhi , Cao Ling‐Hua 
Published: May 2015

AbstractN‐Glycosyl‐2‐(1,4,5,6‐tetrahydropyridazin‐6‐one‐3‐carbonyl)‐hydrazinecarbothioamides (3a‐3f) and N‐glycosyl‐2‐(1,6‐dihydropyridazin‐6‐one‐3‐carbonyl)‐hydrazinecarbothioamides (5a‐5f) were prepared by the reaction of glycosyl isothiocyanates with the compounds 1,4,5,6‐tetrahydro‐3‐hydrozinecarbonyl‐6‐pyridazinone (1) and 1,6‐dihydro‐3‐hydrozinecarbonyl‐6‐pyridazinone (2). The terminal heterocyclic compounds 1,3,4‐thiadiazoles derivatives were obtained from cyclization of compounds 3a–3f and 5a–5f by phosphoric acid. The structures of all the compounds were confirmed by elemental analysis and IR, 1H NMR, LC‐MS (ESI) spectral data.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 2‐(Pyrazol‐1‐yl)‐methyl‐3,5‐dicarboethoxy‐6‐methyl‐4‐(3‐nitrophenyl)‐1,4‐dihydropyridine
Authors: Zonouz Adeleh Moshtaghi , Sadr Moayad Hossaini , Oskuie Mina Raisossadat , Bachechi Fiorella 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe title compound, 2‐(Pyrazol‐1‐yl)‐methyl‐3,5‐dicarboethoxy‐6‐methyl‐4‐(3‐nitrophenyl)‐1,4‐dihydropyridine, has been synthesized and the crystal structure of it (C22H24N4O6, P21/c, a = 9.050, b = 22.259, c = 12.253 Å, β = 90.07°, Z = 4) has been determined by X‐ray analysis. In the crystal structure compound 3 exhibits orthogonal arrangement of the phenyl ring with the nitro substituent synperiplanar (sp) respect to the C(4) hydrogen of the dihydropyridine ring. In addition the ester groups assume a cis/cis arrangement.
Synthesis and Bioactivity of N‐glycosyl‐N′‐(4‐arylthiazol‐2‐yl) Aminoguanidines
Authors: Chen Hong‐Mei , Zhao Yan‐Wu , Cao Ling‐Hua 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe synthesis of fifteen new N‐glycosyl‐N′‐(4‐arylthiazol‐2‐yl) aminoguanidines is described. Some of the synthesized guanidines displayed inhibitory activity against NOS or anti‐HIV‐1 PR activity. The structure of all new compounds was confirmed by MS, IR and 1H NMR spectral data and elemental analyses.
Preparation of Inorganic Hollow Spheres Based on Different Methods
Authors: Hu Chang‐Yuan , Xu Ya‐Juan , Duo Shu‐Wang , Li Wen‐Kui , Xiang Jun‐Huai , Li Ming‐Sheng , Zhang Rong‐Fa 
Published: May 2015

AbstractHollow spheres have attracted considerable attention because of their promising applications in the field of nanoscale chemical reactors, catalysts, drug‐delivery carriers, and photonic building blocks. Up to date, numerous approaches have been developed to synthesize hollow spheres, which can be classified as the hard template, soft template and template free routes. Here, we review recent progress and advances that have been made on preparation of hollow inorganic spheres based on the hard template, soft template and template free methods.
Effects of Anodic Titanium Oxide Nanotube Arrays on Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Lin Jian‐Yang , Chen Ting‐Jia , Hu Chih‐Kai 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis work has utilized the anodic oxidation method to fabricate the TiO2 nanotube arrays which were then applied as the anode to the dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Surface morphology of TiO2 nanotube arrays, the length and the pore diameter of the nanotubes were observed by FE‐SEM. With XRD analysis, the annealed TiO2 nanotube array has been identified as the anatase phase which can enhance the electron transition in the TiO2. The influence of the TiO2 nanotube arrays to the absorption of the dye molecules was examined by UV‐VIS spectroscopy. It is found that the TiO2 nanotubes with longer lengths can improve the dye absorption, thus increases the photovoltaic conversion efficiency of the DSSCs. The DSSCs with TiO2 nanotube arrays have achieved photovoltaic conversion efficiency as high as 4.62% in this work.
Effects of Carbon Nanotubes on Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Jing‐Zhi , Yan Yin‐Cheng , Lin Kuan‐Jiuh 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThree types of counter electrode (CE) were fabricated: (i) the Pt‐CE represents the platinum counter electrode, (ii) the CB‐CE is carbon black counter electrode and (iii) the CBNT‐CE is carbon black and carbon nanotube counter electrode. The low cost CBNT‐CE with high catalytic activity was achieved by the introduced of carbon nanotubes. The photo to current conversion efficiency of the CBNT‐CE device is 5.57%, which has the potential to replace the Pt counter electrode in dye‐sensitized solar cells. Furthermore, the measurements of electrochemical impedance and cyclic voltammetry were employed to interpret the effect of carbon nanotubes.
Effect of Thickness Affecting Optical Properties of Ge Thin Film Preparing by Ultra Vacuum Ion Beam Sputtering
Authors: Su Yen‐Hsun , Tu Sheng‐Lung , Lin Ho‐Tung , Huang Chun‐Chieh 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe different thicknesses of Germanium(Ge) films are prepared by Ultra Vacuum Ion Beam Sputtering(UBIS). When the thickness is larger than 100nm, the value of loss function increases by thickness and the peak of loss function appears near 450 nm. Owing to the perpendicular direction of the incident light through the film, it has high loss and phase transform as the high incident angle at 780. The loss value of violet‐blue (wavelength 400‐500nm) area is higher than red‐orange (wavelength 650‐700nm) area which has less 10% loss. As the wavelength 700 nm increase, the loss of Ge film will near 0 when the film is thicker than 100nm. Oppositely, the loss of Ge films has the linear relation with the wavelength when the film thickness is thinner than 100nm. As the wavelength decrease, the loss will increase linearly, which can increase optical and photo detector sensitivity.
Conjugate Addition of Indole to α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones Catalyzed by Lewis Acid Immobilized on a Biorenewable Support
Authors: Li Bei‐Yao , Zhang Miao , Yan Xin‐Min , Peng Yan‐Qing 
Published: May 2015

AbstractSulfonated carbonaceous solid acid was prepared straightforwardly from household granulated sucrose through a one‐pot carbonization—sulfonation process. The performance of this solid Brønsted acid was tested by the 1,1‐diacylation of aldehydes. Lewis acid, such as indium chloride, was supported on sucrose‐derived carbonaceous solid acid through anion metathesis and successfully applied to the conjugate addition of indole to α,β‐unsaturated ketones.
Electrocatalysis of Cyclic Voltammetrically Prepared Co‐MnO2 Composite towards Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR)
Authors: Ding Ke‐Qiang 
Published: May 2015

AbstractFor the first time, cobalt particles were electrodeposited on the surface of manganese oxides by cyclic voltammetry (CV) from an aqueous solution of 0.1 M Na2SO4 containing 5 mM CoSO4, and then the samples obtained were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDAX), respectively. And then, the as‐prepared Co/MnO2‐coated graphite electrode was employed to the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Interestingly, the reduction peak potential of ORR on a Co/MnO2‐modified graphite electrode was positively shifted for about 100 mV as compared with that on a MnO2‐modified graphite electrode, indicating that the electrocatalysis of Co/MnO2 composite towards ORR is superior to that of pure MnO2.
3‐Formylpyrroles from 3‐Furfurylamines by Bromine Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Harn Piin‐Jye , Lin Chu‐Chung , Wu Hsien‐Jen 
Published: May 2015

AbstractOxidation of 3‐furfurylamines 3a‐e with bromine in acetone‐water solution gave N‐substituted 3‐formylpyrroles 4a‐e in good yields. A reaction mechanism via the Clauson‐Kaas reaction followed by the cis‐trans isomerization of the 2‐ene‐1,4‐diones 13 and 14 was proposed to account for the formation of the pyrroles 4a‐e.
Removal of Thiram from Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Zahoor Muhammad 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn this study activated carbon was used for the removal of thiram from aqueous solutions. Adsorption experiments were carried out as a function of time, initial thiram concentration and temperature. Equilibrium data fitted well to the Freundlich and Langmuir equilibrium models in the studied concentration range. Adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo second‐order kinetic model rather than pseudo first‐order model. The results from kinetic experiments were used to describe the adsorption mechanism. Both boundary layer and intraparticle diffusion played important role in the adsorption mechanism of thiram. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔG0, ΔH0, and ΔS0) were determined and the adsorption process was found to be an endothermic one. The negative values of ΔG0 at different temperatures were indicative of the spontaneity of the adsorption process.
Simultaneous Separation and Determination of Benzoic Acid Compounds in the Plant Medicine by High Performance Capillary Electrophoresis
Authors: Gao Su‐Ya , Li Hua , Wang Li , Yang Li‐Ning 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA simple and inexpensive high performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE) was applied to separate five benzoic acid compounds simultaneously. The investigation was carried out by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MECC). To avoid a time‐consuming and tedious procedure, orthogonal experimental design OA9 (34) for separation experiments was applied to find the optimal conditions in terms of the resolution and analytical time. The best conditions for separation were obtained using a 20 mM borax and 30 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) buffer (pH 9.8) containing 2 mM β‐CD and 4% methanol (v/v). Online UV detection was performed at 250 nm. A voltage of 16 kV was applied and the temperature was controlled at 25 °C. Injection was performed for 5 s. The method was validated for the quantification of benzoic acid, salicylic acid and ortho‐aminobenzoic acid in Radix Isatidis, a traditional plant medicine with removal of endotoxin. The separation and determination were satisfactory and quick.
Tourism as an Agent of Political Socialisation
Authors: Zuo Bing , Huang Songshan (Sam) , Liu Luhu 
Published: May 2015

AbstractRelationship between tourism and political socialisation has not been sufficiently studied as a topic of academic inquiry. Linking tourism to the process of political socialisation, this study analyses the influences and mechanisms of red tourism in China as an agent of political socialisation that serves the ruling party's intention to sustain its regime. Based on field studies in the Jinggangshan Scenic Area, we find that red tourism functions adequately as an authorised form of political socialisation. However, the effects of tourism as an agent of political socialisation are dependent on the discursive interactions among consumers, industry operators and the state. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tribological behaviour of a PEEK polymer containing solid MoS2 lubricants
Authors: Zalaznik M. , Novak S. , Huskić M. , Kalin M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe addition of different concentrations (2–10 wt.%) of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) to a poly–ether–ether–ketone matrix has been studied in terms of the thermal, mechanical and tribological properties of the materials. The results of dry‐sliding tribological tests, differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscope–energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDS) analyses show that the concentration of MoS2 influences the tribological, mechanical and thermal properties. With the highest concentration of MoS2 (10 wt.%), the coefficient of friction was reduced by as much as 25%, while the maximum reduction in the wear rate was ~20%, which required 5 wt.% of MoS2. The most important parameter when it comes to achieving an improved tribological behaviour was found to be the combination of a high hardness and a sufficient quantity of transfer film being formed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does pelvic floor muscle training augment the effect of surgery in women with pelvic organ prolapse? A systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Zhang Feng‐Wa , Wei Fen , Wang Hai‐Lin , Pan Yuan‐Qing , Zhen Jie‐Yu , Zhang Jv‐Xia , Yang Ke‐Hu 
Published: May 2015

BackgroundPelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) is often used as a treatment for pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and can improve function. However, the effectiveness of this modality as an adjunct to prolapse surgery for women with POP is unknown.AimsTo evaluate whether the use of pelvic floor muscle training as an adjunct to prolapse surgery is superior to surgery alone for women with pelvic organ prolapse.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and the Web of Science from their inception dates to June 30, 2014 for data describing randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compare the efficacy of PFMT with or without lifestyle modification plus surgery versus surgery alone for women with POP. Additional relevant studies were identified by searching the references of retrieved articles and using Google Scholar. Two investigators independently reviewed and selected relevant studies that met the pre‐specified inclusion criteria, extracted the data, and assessed the risk of bias in the included studies according to the Cochrane Handbook, version 5.1.0. Due to great heterogeneity in the choice and reporting of outcome measures and the different durations of follow‐up among the studies, this analysis is confined to a qualitative systematic review.ResultsFive RCTs involving 591 women were reviewed (treatment group [TG], 292 cases; control group [CG], 299 cases). Generally, the five RCTs exhibited low risk of bias. This study indicated no significant improvement in prolapse symptoms, in quality of life, or in the degree of prolapse for women with POP in the TG compared to those in the CG.ConclusionsInsufficient evidence was found to support adding perioperative PFMT to surgery over the use of surgery alone in women undergoing surgery for POP. Adequately, powered RCTs with longer follow‐up periods are required to evaluate the long‐term effect of perioperative PFMT. Neurourol. Urodynam. 35:666–674, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.