bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduction of CO2 emissions in tunnelling based on life cycle assessment
Authors: Hauzinger Elisabeth , Schiefer Daniel , Galler Robert 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMajor tunnelling projects, like the extension of corridors for railway lines or the construction of large underground research facilities, are flagships in the European civil engineering industry. In order to deal with matters of sustainability and material management, as much of the generated excavation material must be reused – preferably directly on the construction site to avoid CO2 emissions from long transport routes. While tools for quantifying the process‐relevant carbon footprint are already available in other industry sectors, there is still no generally recognized method in the civil engineering and tunnelling industry, as every construction site has its own unique requirements. To find the best utilization option with the lowest possible carbon footprint, a life cycle assessment (LCA) is conducted, where the whole process is divided into three steps: use of construction equipment, transport, and landfilling/recycling of the excavation material. Finally, a ‘reference scenario’ for each process is determined and compared with optimized scenarios to calculate the potential of saved emissions.
From geology to site decision: Potential for underground heat storage in Graz
Authors: Kaml Georg , Schreilechner Marcellus G. , Marcher Thomas 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe use of cavern thermal energy storage (CTES) systems offers a promising solution for the long‐term storage of thermal energy, especially excess heat from industrial processes, contributing to the reduction of CO2 emissions. In the case of Graz, the potential of this technology is examined with a focus on geological, hydrogeological, and rock mechanical criteria. Geological analyses identify solid rock formations, particularly carbonates and crystalline rocks in the western and north‐western areas of the city, as suitable storage sites. Challenges such as the distance to district heating networks and the risk of karst phenomena were considered, with the Karolinensteinbruch site being recommended as particularly suitable. Conceptual storage designs focus on modular and expandable geometries to adapt to the fluctuating urban energy demand. The results indicate that CTES is a feasible solution for Graz, although further investigations, such as detailed analyses of geotechnical and geological properties, are necessary to ensure its successful implementation.
Electrical Conductivity as a Tracer for Seasonal Reverse Flow and Transport of Trace Organic Contaminants in River Spree
Authors: Reith Christoph J. , Lewandowski Jörg , Putschew Anke , Goldhammer Tobias , Filter Josefine , Spahr Stephanie 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTClimate change, population growth, urbanisation and water pollution will exacerbate the closely linked challenges of water quantity and water quality. The River Spree in Berlin, Germany, experiences recurrent low flow conditions in summer with seasonal flow reversals in certain sections of the river. This reverse flow leads to the transport of treated wastewater to upstream sections of River Spree and possibly to the introduction of treated wastewater into Lake Müggelsee, which is located upstream of the city centre and important for drinking water production via bank filtration in Berlin. A better understanding of the flow and contaminant dynamics in River Spree is required, but field data on the reverse flow are still lacking. In 2022 and 2023, we collected surface water samples to quantify major ions and trace organic contaminants. Over a period of nine months in 2023, we also measured the specific electrical conductivity at six locations with a temporal resolution of five minutes. During summer, the specific electrical conductivity increased at the sampling locations in River Spree upstream of the mouth of the wastewater‐impaired River Erpe. The specific electrical conductivity proved to be an indicative parameter for the seasonal dynamics of reverse flow periods. During reverse flow, we observed increased concentrations of wastewater‐derived trace organic contaminants, many of which correlated positively with the specific electrical conductivity. Strong differences in the reverse flow intensity between 2022 and 2023 indicate that both precipitation and discharge of the River Spree upstream of Lake Müggelsee have a strong influence on the reverse flow. This study demonstrates the applicability of easy‐to‐measure specific electrical conductivity as a proxy for hydrological conditions and chemical water quality.
Exposure to per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances in residential settled dust and risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Metayer Catherine , Morimoto Libby M. , Vieira Veronica M. , Godri Pollitt Krystal J. , Bartell Scott M. , Wong Luann , Young Thomas M. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPer‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous. Young children are commonly exposed to these chemicals via ingestion of settled dust. Several PFAS have been associated with cancers in adults, yet little is known about the risk in children. We investigated whether PFAS concentrations in residential dust were associated with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Vacuum bags were collected in homes of 178 children diagnosed with ALL and 204 healthy controls (age 0–7 years) residing in California (2001–2007). Dust samples were sieved and analyzed for 19 PFAS using targeted liquid chromatography mass spectrometry analysis. The effects of individual PFAS and PFAS mixtures were estimated for eight PFAS with at least 50% above the limit of quantification (LOQ) using logistic regression, G‐computation, and generalized additive modeling (GAM). In the model mutually adjusting for eight PFAS, a statistically significant association was seen only for N‐ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamido acetic acid (EtFOSAA) (ORcontinuous = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.05–1.86 and , 95% CI = 1.16–5.71). Using G‐computation, the eight PFAS mixture was positively associated with childhood ALL (OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.15–2.24), with positive weights for EtFOSAA, perfluoro‐n‐hexanoic acid (PFHxA), perfluoro‐1‐decanesulfonate (PFDS), and perfluoro‐1‐octanesulfonate (PFOS), and negative weights for perfluoro‐1‐hexanesulfonate (PFHxS) and bis(1H,1H,2H,2H‐perfluorooctyl)phosphate (6:2 diPAP). Using GAM, the OR for the mixture reached a maximum of 2.24, at the highest value of log10 EtFOSAA and lowest value of log10 PFHxS. Exposure to a mixture of PFAS in settled dust was associated with an overall elevated risk of childhood ALL, with EtFOSAA and PFHxS being the main contributors to the positive and negative weights, respectively.
Managers' Risk Preferences and Firm Investment: The Moderating Role of Early‐Life War Exposure and Firm Size
Authors: Kim Huong Trang , Nguyen Quang 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTWe conducted a lab‐in‐the‐field experiment with 623 top managers from textile and garment firms in Vietnam to investigate the nexus of top managers' risk preferences and firm investment. We find that firms led by managers with higher levels of loss aversion tend to have lower investments. The heterogeneity in managers' loss aversion also affects different investment levels of small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) vis‐à‐vis large firms. Interestingly, our findings reveal that managers' loss aversion has a strong link to investment behaviours of firms led by war‐exposed managers, who born and grew up during the American war in Vietnam. However, this pattern does not hold for firms led by their counterparts. This result shows that personal early‐life war exposure may influence managers' investment decisions during their adulthood.
Supporting engineering students' representational competencies in individual and collaborative learning settings
Authors: Rho Jihyun , Rau Martina A. , Van Veen Barry 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundVisual representations are pervasive in electrical engineering instruction in various instructional settings. Further, electrical engineering instruction often requires students to extend simple visual representations to learn about more complex visualization in subsequent instruction. Yet, students often struggle to understand visualizations. An open question is whether supporting students' understanding of visual representations enhances their subsequent learning. We investigate this question in both individual and collaborative learning settings.PurposeWe investigated the impact of support for students' understanding of simple visual representations on students' learning of subsequently presented complex visual representations. Further, we investigated whether students' level of mental rotation skills moderates the impact of such instructional support.MethodTwo experiments tested the impact of instructional support for visual representations in an individual or a collaborative learning setting. Students were randomly assigned to receive different versions of instructional support, or none.ResultsStudy 1 was conducted in an individual learning setting. While students with high mental rotation skills benefited from the instructional support, students with low mental rotation skills did not benefit. Study 2 was conducted in a collaborative learning setting. Here, all students benefited equally from the support.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that instructional support for simple visual representations can enhance students' subsequent learning with complex visual representations. Further, our findings suggest that a collaborative learning setting may be particularly beneficial to students with low mental rotation skills. This study contributes to an understanding of instructional environments that can improve learning with visual representations in engineering education.
What Weber Got Right About Brahmins—Testing His Theories About South Asian Caste Hierarchies
Authors: Pal Satanik 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe following article is an assessment of Max Weber's depiction of Brahmins and ascetics in South Asia. Using contemporary historical analyses, the article has attempted to demonstrate the validity of Weber's analyses in his seminal treatise on South Asian society, “The Religion of India: The Sociology of Hinduism and Buddhism” that he had originally published in German in 1916. Upon examining the accuracy of Weber's descriptions regarding the domination of Brahmins in South Asian society in contrast to Dumont's assertions in his seminal work “Homo Hierarchicus” published in 1966, we find Weber's portrayal to be significantly more accurate. These findings indicate that caste groups in South Asia can be deemed comparable to status groups in Western societies, by utilizing a Weberian methodology rather than a Dumontian one. The correlation of power and status by the former have significant implications for sociological theories related to caste/status in South Asia and beyond.
Negative Humor: Impact on Mental and Physical Health of Employees
Authors: Mumtaz Sana , Aqif Tanzeela 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAlthough a large body of literature has focused on the positive prospects of workplace socialization for employees, inadequate understanding exists about the role of negative humor and how it leads to socio‐psychological change experiences in employees. To develop an understanding of the above, a direct linkage of workplace humor with the physical health of employees was developed using the social identity perspective. Moreover, the intervening role of surface acting, negative emotions, and loneliness were incorporated in the model for understanding how mental change experiences translate to health issues in employees. Data were collected from 162 managers working at managerial level positions and structural equational modeling was tested for computing results. The findings suggested an indirect linkage between negative humor and physical health via the intervening role of surface acting, negative emotions, and loneliness. These findings add novel to the literature by suggesting how informal socialization and negative interactions impact the internal processes and physical health of employees with time. Based on the findings, theoretical and practical implications are offered toward the end of the article.
Diagrammatic Schemes for Nonlinear Optical Interactions
Authors: Vergari F. , Mazza F. , Hosseinnia A. , Marrocco M. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTNonlinear optical interactions are usually understood diagrammatically to sift only those contributions to the dielectric susceptibility that matter most to the signal being measured. Here, we review the main techniques of diagrammatic perturbation theory (i.e., double‐sided Feynman diagrams, Liouville pathways, and Albrecht notation) that make use of the semiclassical approximation. A brief mention of other recent diagrammatic proposals is also made. The limitations of such approaches are discussed in view of a fully quantum‐mechanical treatment of optical interactions. It is then suggested that the limitations of the conventional approaches can be overcome by a field‐type modification of the Albrecht notation that combines the simplicity of the energy‐level representation with the wealth of information provided by more elaborated diagrams (namely, double‐sided Feynman diagrams and Liouville pathways). Rules to replace the Albrecht notation with the matter field representation are given, and instructive examples are illustrated for Raman spectroscopy.
Effect of high concentration of NaCl and KCl on myosin from large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) under ultrasound
Authors: Mao Jun‐Long , Fu Jing‐Jing , Zhang Min , Yuan Yan‐Wei , Chen Yue‐Wen 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBACKGROUNDPartially replacing NaCl with KCl under ultrasound can improve muscle quality and reduce oxidative degeneration of myofibrillar proteins in semi‐dried large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). Myosin, the most important protein in myofibrillar protein, plays an important role in muscle quality. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of replacing NaCl with KCl on the physicochemical properties of myosin derived from large yellow croaker under ultrasound. Furthermore, the application potential of ultrasound to low sodium salt products was evaluated.RESULTSThe results showed that ultrasound treatment reduced the aggregation and particle size of myosin. By contrast, at high salt concentrations, myosin oxidation was inhibited and protein aggregation increased. This led to an increase in particle size and a decrease in stability and surface hydrophobicity of myosin. Interestingly, KCl increased myosin solubility and promoted protein unfolding, the excess of which exposed some active sites, leading to oxidative destruction of the proteins. In the present study, the chromophore and surface hydrophobic groups of myosin were exposed as a result of the KCl‐mediated unfolding of the α‐helices of myosin after the partial replacement of NaCl with KCl. This improved the structural stability of myosin and reduced its oxidative damage.CONCLUSIONThe findings of the present study show that the presence of NaCl and KCl in the system was more conducive to protecting the key role of myosin in the muscle tissue compared with NaCl alone. Additionally, the study provides insights into the mechanism of K+ and Na+ action on myosin under ultrasound, along with a theoretical basis for the application of ultrasound in low sodium salt products. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
Self‐Reported Motor and Nonmotor Symptoms, Prodromal Parkinson's Disease Probability, and Incident Parkinson's Disease in US Farmers
Authors: Song Shengfang , Luo Zhehui , Plassman Brenda L. , Huang Xuemei , Yuan Yaqun , Shrestha Srishti , Parks Christine G. , Hofmann Jonathan N. , Beane Freeman Laura E. , Sandler Dale P. , Chen Honglei 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundFew studies have assessed motor and nonmotor symptoms and the prodromal probability of Parkinson's disease (PD) among farming populations.ObjectiveThe aim was to assess self‐reported nonmotor and motor symptoms and the prodromal PD probability in relation to incident PD among US farmers.MethodsThe study included 16,059 farmers (aged 65.6 ± 10.8 years) from the Agricultural Health Study, with a median of 6.2 years of follow‐up. We assessed associations using multivariable logistic regression and presented odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsAt baseline, the prevalence of individual symptoms ranged from 2.0% for arm/leg tremor to 21.1% for excessive daytime sleepiness. We identified 127 incident PD patients during follow‐up. Except for depression, all symptoms were significantly associated with future PD diagnosis, with OR (95% CI) ranging from 1.6 (1.1–2.2) for excessive daytime sleepiness to 3.9 (2.3–6.8) for arm/leg tremor. The prodromal PD probability, calculated based on limited available self‐reported prodromal and PD risk markers, was low. Using the Movement Disorder Society's prodromal PD criteria, the median (interquartile range) at baseline was 4.4% (7.2%) for incident PD patients and 2.3% (3.4%) for participants free of PD. Further, it exhibited low sensitivity and positive predictive value in identifying incident PD patients in this farming population.ConclusionsSelf‐reported prodromal PD symptoms were relatively common in US farmers. They were associated with incident PD diagnosis but had limited values in predicting disease risk. © 2025 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Infinitely Many Solutions for Singular p(x)$$ p(x) $$‐Laplacian Equation Without the Ambrosetti–Rabinowitz (AR) Condition
Authors: Choudhuri D. , Saoudi K. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTWe establish the existence of infinitely many nonnegative solutions to the following nonlocal elliptic partial differential equation with singularity:
where is a smooth bounded domain with . The parameters in the equation are as follows: is a positive constant, is a fixed parameter, is a continuous function, for all , and is the fractional ‐Laplacian operator with a variable exponent. The nonlinearity is a Carathéodory function satisfying and certain growth conditions. Furthermore, we establish a uniform estimate for the solution(s) using the Moser iteration technique.
Localized Wave and Other Special Wave Solutions to the (3 + 1)‐dimensional Kudryashov–Sinelshchikov Equation
Authors: Wang Kang‐Jia , Li Shuai , Wang Guo‐Dong , Xu Peng , Shi Feng , Liu Xiao‐Lian 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper aims to explore some different localized wave solutions to the (3 + 1)‐dimensional Kudryashov–Sinelshchikov equation (KSe) for the liquid with gas bubbles. First, the traveling wave transformation is employed to reduce the dimension of the (3 + 1)‐dimensional KSe. Then the Hirota bilinear method is adopted to develop the rogue wave solutions via introducing the different polynomial functions. By optimizing the parameters, the bright and dark rogue waves solutions of the first‐order and second‐order are extracted. In addition, the three‐wave method is employed to seek the generalized breathers wave, W‐shape (double well or breather wave), bright and dark solitary wave solutions. Besides, the other special wave solutions like the compacton and singular wave solutions are also reported. Meanwhile, the dynamic attributes of some solutions are unfolded by Maple. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the findings of this research are all new and have not explored in other literature.
On a Generalized Superellipse: From Models to Applications
Authors: Kovacic Ivana 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study is concerned with a power‐form functional equation and its various forms in Cartesian and polar coordinates. An overview of the related contributions is presented and illustrated in terms of the shapes that they can yield, thereby establishing cross‐disciplinary phenomenological links by demonstrating the application of identical mathematical models across diverse fields within nonlinear science, marking a novel approach in this context. Finally, an analytical solution of this equation is elaborated both with respect to its form as a functional equation and as a Hamiltonian function. The original solutions in terms of trigonometric or generalized trigonometric functions are presented as well.
RPA(D) and HRPA(D): Calculating NMR Spin–Spin Coupling Constants in Free Amino Acid Residues
Authors: Møller Christoffer H. S. , Sauer Stephan P. A. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn the pursuit of computational methods which boast both low computational cost and a high degree of accuracy, the SOPPA‐derived methods RPA(D) and HRPA(D) are showing great promise. This study aims to further the benchmarking of these two methods in comparison with both the original SOPPA and the CCSD method by calculating NMR spin–spin coupling constants in the backbone structure of free amino acid residues. Based on a small basis set study, the relative performance of the methods was not found to be heavily dependent on the size of the basis set. While HRPA(D) was found to reproduce the SOPPA results to a consistently high degree of accuracy, RPA(D) reproduced the CCSD results for the one‐bond coupling constants more accurately than both HRPA(D) and SOPPA.
Study on the Cohesive Characteristic of Nano‐SiO2 Bioinspired Grafting Basalt Fiber and Asphalt
Authors: Yang Chengcheng , Liu Li , Liu Zhaohui , Zhang Longke 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTTo enhance the effective cohesion between basalt fiber (BF) and asphalt, an optimal preparation process of nano‐SiO2 bioinspired grafting BF was proposed using a chemical grafting method based on the bioinspired idea of mussel‐plaque. The mechanism of nano‐SiO2 bioinspired grafted BF was analyzed through micro‐morphology, functional group changes, and elemental composition tests. The cohesive characteristics of nano‐SiO2 bioinspired grafting BF with asphalt were investigated using direct tension tests and surface energy theory. The results showed that after BF soaking in 3 mol/L HCl solution (BFHCl), nano‐SiO2 grafting BF (SiO2‐BFHCl) has good wettability with asphalt. Alkali metal ions on the surface of BFHCl were ion exchanged with H+ in the HCl solution, forming new Si‐OH bonds and grafting more SiO2. Compared with the original BF reinforced asphalt, the maximum tensile force and ductility of nano‐SiO2 grafting BF reinforced asphalt both increased, and the wetting angle with asphalt droplets was SiO2‐BFHCl > SiO2‐BFNaOH > SiO2‐BF > original BF. Based on the surface energy theory, the cohesion functions of SiO2‐BF, SiO2‐BFNaOH, and SiO2‐BFHCl with asphalt were improved by 2.8%, 7.4%, and 11.6%, respectively, compared to that of the original BF.
Efficacy of enhanced efficiency nitrogen fertilizer on ammonia volatilization in varied soil moisture conditions
Authors: Uschold Sarah A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractEnhanced efficiency nitrogen fertilizers (EENFs) are modified forms of nitrogen fertilizer used to reduce nitrogen loss such as ammonia and nitrous oxide. While these EENFs aim to combat nitrogen loss, environmental impacts, such as moisture, may still influence nitrogen loss through ammonia volatilization. This study aims to further understand the influence of varied soil moisture conditions on the efficacy of urea‐based EENFs. An incubation system with a random block design of four replicates was utilized to evaluate both urea and urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) EENFs applied at three moisture content levels. These levels were assigned and treated at 2/3×, 1×, and 2× field capacity. Urea + EENF resulted in greater ammonia loss than UAN + EENF at 1× and 2× field capacity, indicating a possible difference in efficacy between the two EENFs. Additionally, both EENF forms of urea and UAN had the greatest percent loss of applied N at 2× field capacity, revealing the inefficient use of EENFs on soils with high moisture content.