bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lageraustausch an den Stabbogenbrücken im Zuge der BAB A1 über den Dortmund‐Ems‐Kanal bei Ladbergen
Authors: Hanswille Gerhard , Heine Bernhard , Porsch Markus , Schmitz Christoph 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAn den beiden zwischen 1998 und 2000 bei Ladbergen errichteten Stabbogenbrücken im Zuge der BAB A1 über den Dortmund‐Ems‐Kanal (DEK) wurden schon kurz nach der Fertigstellung ein übermäßiger Verschleiß an den PTFE‐Scheiben der Kalottenlager und deutliche, knarrende Geräusche an den Auflagerpunkten der Kalottenfestlager festgestellt. Da es bereits an Kalottenlagern vergleichbarer Stabbogenbrücken ähnliche Schäden gegeben hatte, wurden zur genaueren Ermittlung der Schadensursachen Verkehrszählungen sowie umfangreiche Messungen am Bauwerk und an den Lagern durchgeführt. Auf der Grundlage von Bauteilversuchen an der Bergischen Universität Wuppertal mit ultrahochmolekularem Polyethylen (UHMWPE) wurde ein modifiziertes Kalottenfestlager mit einer umlaufenden UHMWPE‐Anschlagfläche entwickelt.Bearing replacement at the bowstring bridges over the Dortmund‐Ems canal in the lane of the highway A1 near Ladbergen. The bowstring bridges over the Dortmund‐Ems canal in the lane of the highway A1 near Ladbergen showed after a short period a frictional wear of the sliding material of the spherical PTFE bearings. In addition at the fixed bearings creaking noises occurred. In the past the bearings of comparable bridge showed a similar behaviour and comparable damages. Therefore the road administration decided to perform a detailed research program in combination with in situ measurements at the bridge in order clarify the cause of the damage and the short design life of the bearings. The paper gives an overview of the measurements and the research work. Based on the results of special tests, performed at the University of Wuppertal, and the new insides of the measurements a modified fixed spherical bearing was developed, where the contact area for the horizontal fixing is made of UHMWPE.
Randomized, controlled, double‐blind trial of topical lidocaine gel and intrauterine lidocaine infusion for pain relief during saline contrast sonohysterography
Authors: Yung S. S. F. , Lai S. F. , Lam M. T. , Lee V. C. Y. , Li R. H. W. , Ho P. C. , Ng E. H. Y. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy of topical lidocaine gel and intrauterine lidocaine infusion administered prior to saline contrast sonohysterography (SCSH) in reducing pain level during the procedure.MethodsThis was a randomized, double‐blind, placebo controlled trial. We recruited 120 women scheduled to undergo SCSH and randomized them into one of three groups according to administration of gel and intrauterine infusion immediately prior to the procedure: (1) the ‘lidocaine gel’ group received 3 mL 2% lidocaine gel applied to the cervix and intrauterine infusion, using an infant feeding tube without balloon, of 5 mL normal saline; (2) the ‘lidocaine infusion’ group received 3 mL gel lubricant applied to the cervix and intrauterine infusion of 5 mL 2% lidocaine; (3) the placebo group received 3 mL gel lubricant applied to the cervix and intrauterine infusion of 5 mL normal saline. The tube was left in place for the SCSH procedure. The primary outcome measure was the overall pain level (on a scale of 0–100) reported by the women during the SCSH procedure. Women also rated their pain levels at various other time points and an observer assessed visible signs of the women's discomfort during the procedure, producing a distress score.ResultsThere were no significant differences among the three groups in baseline characteristics, volume of saline solution infused, tenaculum use and duration and difficulty level of the SCSH procedure. The median (range) pain scores during normal saline infusion for the SCSH procedure were 0 (0–65) in the placebo group, 2.5 (0–80) in the lidocaine gel group, and 0 (0–70) in the lidocaine infusion group. The pain scores at other time points, the overall pain score and the distress score were also comparable for the three groups. No significant adverse events were reported.ConclusionsSCSH performed with an infant feeding tube without balloon is associated with very low pain levels. Topical lidocaine gel application and intrauterine lidocaine infusion do not further reduce pain levels during SCSH. Copyright © 2015 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Host‐Guest Interactions by Metal‐to‐Metal Dative Bonding: Recognition of Ruthenocene by a Metallo‐Host
Authors: Omoto Kenichiro , Tashiro Shohei , Shionoya Mitsuhiko 
Published: October 2015

AbstractHost‐guest complexation driven by metal‐to‐metal dative bonding was studied using a mono‐nuclear AgI complex of 2,9‐bis(9‐anthracenyl)‐1,10‐phenanthroline as a simple metallo‐host. This host molecule can capture a ruthenocene with a Ru–Ag dative bond in solution as revealed by NMR spectroscopy and ESI‐TOF MS spectrometry. Single‐crystal XRD analysis of the host‐guest complex revealed a Ru–Ag type dative bond with a significant change in the coordination arrangement of the central Ru atom of ruthenocene. The binding constant for the host‐guest complexation was estimated to be over 104 M–1 in CD2Cl2 at 300 K.
Genotype–Phenotype Correlation in Indian Patients with MEN2‐Associated Pheochromocytoma and Comparison of Clinico‐Pathological Attributes with Apparently Sporadic Adrenal Pheochromocytoma
Authors: Rajan Sendhil , Zaidi Ghazala , Agarwal Gaurav , Mishra Anjali , Agarwal Amit , Mishra Saroj Kanta , Bhatia Eesh 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIntroductionPheochromocytoma (PCC) manifests in up to 50 % of MEN2 patients. We correlated the clinico‐pathological features of MEN2‐associated PCC (MEN‐PCC) with RET mutations and compared them with non‐MEN adrenal‐PCCs.MethodsIn this retrospective single institution study on a large PCC database (n = 208, 1997–2014) 24 MEN‐PCC patients with known RET mutations were reviewed. Excluding 7 with incomplete data, the study cohort of 17 MEN‐PCC patients from 11 kindreds (M:F::7:10) was identified. Clinical, biochemical, pathological attributes, and outcomes in the MEN‐PCC group were correlated with the genotype, and further compared with non‐MEN, apparently sporadic adrenal‐PCCs (n = 132, excluding 37 extra‐adrenal and 15 VHL/NF1/SDH‐associated PCC).ResultsComponents of MEN2 encountered included MTC in 13(76.5 %), Marfanoid habitus in 2, and PHPT, cutaneous lichen amyloidosis and mucosal neuromas in 1 patient each. In 11(64.7 %), PCC was the first detected MEN2 component (Symptomatic:8, Incidentaloma:3). Four (23.5 %) were normotensive; 8(47.1 %) had bilateral PCC (7 synchronous, 1 metachronous). Surgery for PCC included laparoscopic adrenalectomy in 12; and cortical‐sparing adrenalectomy in 2 of 8 bilateral PCC patients. Mean MEN‐PCC tumor size was 6.9 ± 3.9 cm, and 6(35 %) had additional adrenal medullary hyperplasia. Four different genotypes were encountered, commonest involving codon 634, others being 804 and 918. Mean age in MEN‐PCC (27.7 ± 12.2 years) was lower than non‐MEN PCC (39.4 ± 15.7, p = 0.018). Proportion of pediatric patients (35.3 % in MEN‐PCC vs. 12.9 % in non‐MEN‐PCC, p = 0.007), bilateral tumors (47.1 % in MEN‐PCC, 4.5 % in non‐MEN‐PCC, p < 0.001), and adrenal medullary hyperplasia (35.2 % in MEN‐PCC, 0.7 % in non‐MEN‐PCC, p < 0.001) were different. Median 24‐hour urinary metanephrines was significantly higher in index MEN‐PCC patients, than non‐MEN‐PCC (634 vs. 214 mcg/24 h, p value = 0.006), but was non‐significantly higher in non‐index MEN‐PCC patients. Mean tumor sizes were comparable in the two groups. None of MEN‐PCC patients had malignant PCC, compared to 7(5.3 %) in non‐MEN‐PCC.ConclusionsIn this cohort of MEN‐PCC from India, the commonest causative RET mutations for MEN‐PCC involved codon 634. MEN‐PCC patients were younger, and more frequently had bilateral PCC than non‐MEN disease. MEN‐PCC patients in India are diagnosed with large tumors and extremely high catecholamine/metanephrine levels.
The Overwhelming Majority but not All Motor Fibers of the Bifid Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve are Located in the Anterior Extralaryngeal Branch
Authors: Barczyński Marcin , Stopa Małgorzata , Konturek Aleksander , Nowak Wojciech 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundFew small studies reported that motor fibers are located exclusively in the anterior branch of the bifid recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN). The aim of this study was to investigate the location of the motor fibers to the intrinsic muscles of the larynx among the bifid RLNs, and assess the prevalence of RLN injury with respect to nerve branching in a pragmatic trial.MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study of 1250 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy with intraoperative neural monitoring. The primary outcome was the position of the motor fibers in the bifid nerves. Adduction of the vocal folds was detected by the endotracheal tube electromyography and abduction by finger palpation of muscle contraction in the posterior cricoarytenoid. The secondary outcomes were the prevalence of the RLN branching and the prevalence of RLN injury in bifid versus non‐bifid nerves.ResultsThe bifid RLNs were identified in 613/2500 (24.5 %) nerves at risk, including 92 (7.4 %) patients with bilateral bifurcations. The motor fibers were present exclusively in the anterior branch in 605/613 (98.7 %) bifid nerves, and in both the RLN branches in 8/613 (1.3 %) bifid nerves. Prevalence of RLN injury was 5.2 versus 1.6 % for the bifid versus non‐bifid nerves (p < 0.001), odds ratio 2.98 (95 % confidence interval 1.79–4.95; p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe motor fibers of the RLN are located in the anterior extralaryngeal branch in the vast majority of but not in all patients. In rare cases, the motor fibers for adduction or abduction are located in the posterior branch of the RLN. As the bifid nerves are more prone to injury than non‐branched nerves, meticulous dissection is recommended to assure preservation of all the branches of the RLN during thyroidectomy.
Leveraging ecological theory to guide natural product discovery
Authors: Smanski Michael J , Schlatter Daniel C , Kinkel Linda L 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Technological improvements have accelerated natural product (NP) discovery and engineering to the point that systematic genome mining for new molecules is on the horizon. NP biosynthetic potential is not equally distributed across organisms, environments, or microbial life histories, but instead is enriched in a number of prolific clades. Also, NPs are not equally abundant in nature; some are quite common and others markedly rare. Armed with this knowledge, random ‘fishing expeditions’ for new NPs are increasingly harder to justify. Understanding the ecological and evolutionary pressures that drive the non-uniform distribution of NP biosynthesis provides a rational framework for the targeted isolation of strains enriched in new NP potential. Additionally, ecological theory leads to testable hypotheses regarding the roles of NPs in shaping ecosystems. Here we review several recent strain prioritization practices and discuss the ecological and evolutionary underpinnings for each. Finally, we offer perspectives on leveraging microbial ecology and evolutionary biology for future NP discovery.
Natural products as probes in pharmaceutical research
Authors: Schmitt Esther K , Hoepfner D , Krastel P 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
From the start of the pharmaceutical research natural products played a key role in drug discovery and development. Over time many discoveries of fundamental new biology were triggered by the unique biological activity of natural products. Unprecedented chemical structures, novel chemotypes, often pave the way to investigate new biology and to explore new pathways and targets. This review summarizes the recent results in the area with a focus on research done in the laboratories of Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research. We aim to put the technological advances in target identification techniques in the context to the current revival of phenotypic screening and the increasingly complex biological questions related to drug discovery.
Accuracy and Acceptability of Oral Fluid HIV Self-Testing in a General Adult Population in Kenya
Authors: Kurth Ann E. , Cleland Charles M. , Chhun Nok , Sidle John E. , Were Edwin , Naanyu Violet , Emonyi Wilfred , Macharia Stephen M. , Sang Edwin , Siika Abraham M. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
We evaluated performance, accuracy, and acceptability parameters of unsupervised oral fluid (OF) HIV self-testing (HIVST) in a general population in western Kenya. In a prospective validation design, we enrolled 240 adults to perform rapid OF HIVST and compared results to staff administered OF and rapid fingerstick tests. All reactive, discrepant, and a proportion of negative results were confirmed with lab ELISA. Twenty participants were video-recorded conducting self-testing. All participants completed a staff administered survey before and after HIVST to assess attitudes towards OF HIVST acceptability. HIV prevalence was 14.6 %. Thirty-six of the 239 HIVSTs were invalid (15.1 %; 95 % CI 11.1–20.1 %), with males twice as likely to have invalid results as females. HIVST sensitivity was 89.7 % (95 % CI 73–98 %) and specificity was 98 % (95 % CI 89–99 %). Although sensitivity was somewhat lower than expected, there is clear interest in, and high acceptability (94 %) of OF HIV self-testing.
Discovery of a Novel Linoleate Dioxygenase of Fusarium oxysporum and Linoleate Diol Synthase of Colletotrichum graminicola
Authors: Sooman Linda , Oliw Ernst H. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractFungal pathogens constitute serious threats for many forms of life. The pathogenic fungi Fusarium and Colletotrichum and their formae speciales (f. spp.) infect many types of crops with severe consequences and Fusarium oxysporum can also induce keratitis and allergic conditions in humans. These fungi code for homologues of dioxygenase–cytochrome P450 (DOX–CYP) fusion proteins of the animal heme peroxidase (cyclooxygenase) superfamily. The objective was to characterize the enzymatic activities of the DOX–CYP homologue of Colletotrichum graminicola (EFQ34869) and the DOX homologue of F. oxysporum (EGU79548). The former oxidized oleic and linoleic acids in analogy with 7,8‐linoleate diol synthases (LDSs), but with the additional biosynthesis of 8,11‐dihydroxylinoleic acid. The latter metabolized fatty acids to hydroperoxides with broad substrate specificity. It oxidized 20:4n‐6 and 18:2n‐6 to hydroperoxides with an R configuration at the (n‐10) positions, and other n‐6 fatty acids in the same way. [11S‐2H]18:2n‐6 was oxidized with retention and [11R‐2H]18:2n‐6 with loss of deuterium, suggesting suprafacial hydrogen abstraction and oxygen insertion. Fatty acids of the n‐3 series were oxidized less efficiently and often to hydroperoxides with an R configuration at both (n‐10) and (n‐7) positions. The enzyme spans 1426 amino acids with about 825 residues in the N‐terminal domain with DOX homology and 600 residues at the C‐terminal domain without homology to other enzymes. We conclude that fungal oxylipins can be formed by two novel subfamilies of cyclooxygenase‐related DOX.
Who receives treatment for alcohol use disorders in the European Union? A cross-sectional representative study in primary and specialized health care
Authors: Rehm J. , Manthey J. , Struzzo P. , Gual A. , Wojnar M. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundAlcohol use disorders (AUDs) are highly prevalent in Europe, but only a minority of those affected receive treatment. It is therefore important to identify factors that predict treatment in order to reframe strategies aimed at improving treatment rates.MethodsRepresentative cross-sectional study with patients aged 18–64 from primary health care (PC, six European countries, n = 8476, data collection 01/13–01/14) and from specialized health care (SC, eight European countries, n = 1762, data collection 01/13–03/14). For descriptive purposes, six groups were distinguished, based on type of DSM-IV AUD and treatment setting. Treatment status (yes/no) for any treatment (model 1), and for SC treatment (model 2) were main outcome measures in logistic regression models.ResultsAUDs were prevalent in PC (12-month prevalence: 11.8%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 11.2–12.5%), with 17.6% receiving current treatment (95%CI: 15.3–19.9%). There were clear differences between the six groups regarding key variables from all five predictor domains. Prediction of any treatment (model 1) or SC treatment (model 2) was successful with high overall accuracy (both models: 95%), sufficient sensitivity (model 1: 79%/model 2: 76%) and high specificity (both models: 98%). The most predictive single variables were daily drinking level, anxiety, severity of mental distress, and number of inpatient nights during the last 6 months.ConclusionsVariables from four domains were highly predictive in identifying treatment for AUD, with SC treatment groups showing very high levels of social disintegration, drinking, comorbidity and functional losses. Earlier intervention and formal treatment for AUD in PC should be implemented to reduce these high levels of adverse outcomes.
The Utility of Positron Emission Tomography in Epilepsy
Authors: Burneo Jorge G. , Poon Raymond , Kellett Sarah , Snead O. Carter 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe role of fludeoxyglucose F 18 positron emission tomography (PET) in the presurgical evaluation of patients with medically intractable epilepsy continues to be refined. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the literature to assess the diagnostic accuracy and utility of PET in this setting. Thirty-nine studies were identified through MEDLINE and EMBASE databases that met the inclusion criteria. In adult patients, PET hypometabolism showed a 56 to 90% agreement with seizure onset localized by intracranial electroencephalogram (pediatric: 21 to 86%). In temporal lobe epilepsy patients with good surgical outcome, PET displayed moderate to high sensitivity in localizing the seizure focus (range: 71 to 89%). The sensitivity increased by 8 to 23% when PET results were combined with magnetic resonance imaging or electroencephalogram. PET has been shown to affect patient management by improving the guidance of intracranial electrodes placement, altering the decision to perform surgery, or excluding patients from further evaluation.
Inertia–gravity waves in a liquid-filled, differentially heated, rotating annulus
Authors: Randriamampianina Anthony , Crespo del Arco Emilia 
Published: October 2015

Direct numerical simulations based on high-resolution pseudospectral methods are carried out for detailed investigation into the instabilities arising in a differentially heated, rotating annulus, the baroclinic cavity. Following previous works using air (Randriamampianina et al., J. Fluid Mech., vol. 561, 2006, pp. 359–389), a liquid defined by Prandtl number $Pr=16$ is considered in order to better understand, via the Prandtl number, the effects of fluid properties on the onset of gravity waves. The computations are particularly aimed at identifying and characterizing the spontaneously emitted small-scale fluctuations occurring simultaneously with the baroclinic waves. These features have been observed as soon as the baroclinic instability sets in. A three-term decomposition is introduced to isolate the fluctuation field from the large-scale baroclinic waves and the time-averaged mean flow. Even though these fluctuations are found to propagate as packets, they remain attached to the background baroclinic waves, locally triggering spatio-temporal chaos, a behaviour not observed with the air-filled cavity. The properties of these features are analysed and discussed in the context of linear theory. Based on the Richardson number criterion, the characteristics of the generation mechanism are consistent with a localized instability of the shear zonal flow, invoking resonant over-reflection.
The role of regional survivor incumbency in the evolutionary recovery of calcareous nannoplankton from the Cretaceous/Paleogene (K/Pg) mass extinction
Authors: Schueth Jonathan D. , Bralower Timothy J. , Jiang Shijun , Patzkowsky Mark E. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe earliest Paleocene record of calcareous nannoplankton presents a unique opportunity to understand the evolutionary recovery of life from mass extinction. Nannoplankton were devastated at the Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary and their subsequent recovery can be studied in great detail because of their abundance in sediments, continuous stratigraphic occurrence, and near global distribution. Here we determine when and where new species of nannoplankton originated and how they dispersed following the Cretaceous/Paleogene mass extinction. Initially, we focus our efforts on North Pacific and South Atlantic deep sea sites with orbital age control to compare the precise timing and dynamics of the recovery between the locations. We then broaden our investigation to six sites from different basins and a variety of environments to study global patterns of the initial recovery. Our results show that many taxa in key Paleogene lineages originated in the North Pacific Ocean and that assemblages comprised primarily of new Paleogene taxa were not observed at other sites for several hundred thousand years. Survivors that were adapted to eutrophic post extinction conditions rapidly expanded in Southern Hemisphere sites where they dominated assemblages for most of the initial recovery. We therefore hypothesize that groups of survivors formed regionally incumbent assemblages in the Southern Hemisphere that limited diversification and dispersal of new Paleogene taxa. The end of survivor dominance correlates to the recovery of the biologic pump and subsequent decrease in surface ocean nutrient concentration 300–400 Kyr after the boundary. Only after survivors were removed did new Paleogene nannoplankton assemblages become abundant globally. Our results indicate that competition from regionally incumbent survivors was as an important control on the K/Pg recovery of nannoplankton.
Women’s work in farming, child feeding practices and nutritional status among under-five children in rural Rukwa, Tanzania
Authors: Nordang Sunniva , Shoo Tiransia , Holmboe-Ottesen Gerd , Kinabo Joyce , Wandel Margareta 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSome progress has been achieved in reducing the prevalence of undernutrition among children under 5 years of age in Tanzania. In the Rukwa region (2010), the level of stunted and underweight children was 50·4 and 13·5 %, respectively. The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional status of children under 5 years of age, feeding practices and risk factors of undernutrition in a rural village in the Rukwa region, as well as to discuss the results in light of a similar study conducted in 1987/1988. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 152 households with children under 5 years of age. Data were obtained from the child’s main caretaker and the household head, using a structured questionnaire and a 24 h dietary recall. Children’s length/height and weight were measured. The prevalence of stunting and underweight was found to be 63·8 and 33·6 % (Z-score<−2 of WHO 2006 CGS), respectively. Sugar-water was given to 72·3 % of the children on the first day after birth. A thin gruel was introduced after a median of 2 months (25th–75th percentiles; 1–3). The time mothers spent farming was a significant risk factor for stunting (P=0·04). Illness, food shortage and dry-season cultivation were significant risk factors for underweight (P<0·01). Using the NCHS/WHO 1983 growth reference (<75 % of the median), the prevalence of underweight was 25·0 %, similar to that reported in 1987/1988 (26·4 %). In conclusion, the underweight prevalence was found to be at the same level in 2010 as was recorded in 1987/1988. Current child-feeding practices were not in line with WHO recommendations. Women working in farms, food shortage, dry-season cultivation and diseases partly explain the children’s poor nutritional status.