bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional self-reliance of the Northeast food system
Authors: Griffin Timothy , Conrad Zach , Peters Christian , Ridberg Ronit , Tyler Ellen Parry 
Published: February 2014

AbstractFarms producing similar products have become increasingly concentrated geographically over the past century in the United States (US). Due to the concentration of food production, a disruption in key production areas may reduce the availability of certain foods nationwide. For example, climate change poses such a threat, with projections of altered precipitation patterns, increased temperature and pest outbreaks, which may result in reduced crop yields and geographic shifts in crop adaptation. Analyses of the degree to which US regions can satisfy the food needs of their resident populations—a concept we refer to as regional self-reliance (RSR)—are therefore warranted. We focus on the Northeast region because of its high population density and declining agricultural landbase. Our objectives are to: (1) determine how agricultural land is used in the Northeast region; (2) determine the variety and amount of foods produced; and (3) analyze the relationship between food consumption and agricultural output. Annual (2001–2010) data on land area, yield and output of all crops and major livestock categories, as well as seafood landings, were catalogued. National annual (2001–2009) data on food availability were used as a proxy for estimates of food consumption, and these data were downscaled to a regional level and compared with regional production data in order to estimate RSR. In the Northeast region, approximately 65% of land in farms contributed directly to the food supply from 2001 to 2010, although this varied significantly across states. Just over one-half of all land in farms in the region was devoted to the production of livestock feed. The region produced >100 food crops annually from 2001 to 2009, and vegetables represented the majority of food crop production by weight. Chicken accounted for the largest weight of meat products produced. Compared to the Northeast region's share (~6%) of total land in farms in the nation, it accounted for disproportionately higher amounts of the national production of dairy (16%), eggs (13%), chicken (9%), lamb (7%) and vegetables (7%). However, the region accounted for ~22% of the national population and therefore produced a disproportionately low share of food on a per capita basis. RSR for plant-based foods was lowest for pulses (7%) and highest for vegetables (26%). There are four specific factors in the RSR in our analysis, each of which could result in substantial shifts (upward or downward) of the RSR in the future: land used for agriculture, crop (or animal) productivity, population and dietary preferences.
Positive exchange-bias and giant vertical hysteretic shift in La0.3Sr0.7FeO3/SrRuO3 bilayers
Authors: Rana Rakesh , Pandey Parul , Singh R. P. , Rana D. S. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe exchange-bias effects in the mosaic epitaxial bilayers of the itinerant ferromagnet (FM) SrRuO3 and the antiferromagnetic (AFM) charge-ordered La0.3Sr0.7FeO3 were investigated. An uncharacteristic low-field positive exchange bias, a cooling-field driven reversal of positive to negative exchange-bias and a layer thickness optimised unusual vertical magnetization shift were all novel facets of exchange bias realized for the first time in magnetic oxides. The successive magnetic training induces a transition from positive to negative exchange bias regime with changes in domain configurations. These observations are well corroborated by the hysteretic loop asymmetries which display the modifications in the AFM spin correlations. These exotic features emphasize the key role of i) mosaic disorder induced subtle interplay of competing AFM-superexchange and FM double exchange at the exchange biased interface and, ii) training induced irrecoverable alterations in the AFM spin structure.
Influence of stress in GaN crystals grown by HVPE on MOCVD-GaN/6H-SiC substrate
Authors: Zhang Lei , Yu Jiaoxian , Hao Xiaopeng , Wu Yongzhong , Dai Yuanbin , Shao Yongliang , Zhang Haodong , Tian Yuan 
Published: February 2014

AbstractGaN crystals without cracks were successfully grown on a MOCVD-GaN/6H-SiC (MGS) substrate with a low V/III ratio of 20 at initial growth. With a high V/III ratio of 80 at initial growth, opaque GaN polycrystals were obtained. The structural analysis and optical characterization reveal that stress has a great influence on the growth of the epitaxial films. An atomic level model is used to explain these phenomena during crystal growth. It is found that atomic mobility is retarded by compressive stress and enhanced by tensile stress.
In vitrocharacterization of bacterial and chloroplast Hsp70 systems reveals an evolutionary optimization of the co-chaperones for their Hsp70 partner
Authors: Veyel Daniel , Sommer Frederik , Muranaka Ligia Segatto , Rütgers Mark , Lemaire Stéphane D. , Schroda Michael 
Published: February 2014

The chloroplast Hsp70 (heat-shock protein of 70 kDa) system involved in protein folding in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii consists of HSP70B, the DnaJ homologue CDJ1 and the GrpE-type nucleotide-exchange factor CGE1. The finding that HSP70B needs to be co-expressed with HEP2 (Hsp70 escort protein 2) to become functional allowed the reconstitution of the chloroplast Hsp70 system in vitro and comparison with the homologous Escherichia coli system. Both systems support luciferase refolding and display ATPase and holdase activities. Steady-state activities are low and strongly stimulated by the co-chaperones, whose concentrations need to be balanced to optimally support luciferase refolding. Although the co-chaperones of either system generally stimulate ATPase and folding-assistance activities of the other, luciferase refolding is reduced ~10-fold and &lt;2-fold if either Hsp70 is supplemented with the foreign DnaJ and GrpE protein respectively, suggesting an evolutionary specialization of the co-chaperones for their Hsp70 partner. Distinct features are that HSP70B's steady-state ATPase exhibits ~20-fold higher values for Vmax and Km and that the HSP70B system displays a ~6-fold higher folding assistance on denatured luciferase. Although truncating up to 16 N-terminal amino acids of CGE1 does not affect HSP70B's general ATPase and folding-assistance activities in the physiological temperature range, further deletions hampering dimerization of CGE1 via its N-terminal coiled coil do.
Angiotensin-(1–7) and angiotensin-(1–9): function in cardiac and vascular remodelling
Authors: McKinney Clare A. , Fattah Caroline , Loughrey Christopher M. , Milligan Graeme , Nicklin Stuart A. 
Published: February 2014

The RAS (renin–angiotensin system) is integral to cardiovascular physiology; however, dysregulation of this system largely contributes to the pathophysiology of CVD (cardiovascular disease). It is well established that AngII (angiotensin II), the main effector of the RAS, engages the AT1R (angiotensin type 1 receptor) and promotes cell growth, proliferation, migration and oxidative stress, all processes which contribute to remodelling of the heart and vasculature, ultimately leading to the development and progression of various CVDs, including heart failure and atherosclerosis. The counter-regulatory axis of the RAS, which is centred on the actions of ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) and the resultant production of Ang-(1–7) [angiotensin-(1–7)] from AngII, antagonizes the actions of AngII via the receptor Mas, thereby providing a protective role in CVD. More recently, another ACE2 metabolite, Ang-(1–9) [angiotensin-(1–9)], has been reported to be a biologically active peptide within the counter-regulatory axis of the RAS. The present review will discuss the role of the counter-regulatory RAS peptides Ang-(1–7) and Ang-(1–9) in the cardiovascular system, with a focus on their effects in remodelling of the heart and vasculature.
Identities, Differences, and Analogies: The problem Saussure could not solve
Authors: Harris Roy 
Published: February 2014

SummaryThis paper examines the problem of differential identification as posed in Saussure’sCours de linguistique générale. The solution proposed by Ducrot seems unlikely to have been Saussure’s own and would result in recognizing a proliferation of variants for every sign in the system. Saussure’s analogy with handwriting appears to provide a more promising line of approach, but in the end leads to no less intractable difficulties.RésuméCet article examine le problème de l’identification différentielle, tel que F. de Saussure le pose dans leCours de linguistique générale. Il paraît douteux que la solution que propose Oswald Ducrot était celle de Saussure lui-mème; elle aboutirait à reconnaître un grand nombre de variantes pour chaque signe dans le système. Plus fructueuse d’apparence, l’analogie de Saussure avec l’écriture mène, à la fin, à des difficultés tout aussi insolubles.ZusammenfassungIn dem Beitrag geht es um das Problem der differentiellen Identifikation, so wie dies Saussure imCours de linguistiquegénéraleskizziert hat. Die Lösung, welche Oswald Ducrot vorschlägt, scheint nicht Saussures eigene Lösung gewesen zu sein und würde überdies zu einer großen Zahl von Varianten im System führen. Saussures Vergleich mit Handgeschriebenem scheint da eher eine Lösung zu versprechen, führt am Ende aber auch zu eine Reihe von unauflösbaren Schwierigkeiten.
Las primeras gramáticas mesoamericanas: Algunos rasgos lingüísticos
Authors: deLeón-Portilla Ascensión Hernández 
Published: February 2014

SUMMARY On the basis of an analysis of ten grammars of different Meso-American indigenous languages crafted by missionaries during the 16th century, the author attempts to dress an inventory of the specific linguistic traits that characterizes them. These characteristics highlight the efforts which the authors had to make in order to penetrate these unknown and typologically distant languages from those studied at the time of the Renaissance. The present article points out that the missionaries, who had no formal linguistic training, made use of principles of classic hermeneutics, of analogy and anomaly, in order to analyze the function of the word in these new languages. It also establishes the value of these missionary grammars for the philology of the Meso-American indigenous languages, which is only at a beginning.RÉSUMÉ À partir d’un corpus de dix grammaires de différentes langues d’Amérique centrale écrites au XVIe siècle, l’auteur compte inventorier un ensemble de traits linguistiques qui leur confère leur originalité. De par ces traits on peut percevoir l’effort mis par leurs auteurs afin d’assimiler des langues inconnues et très éloignées, sur le plan typologique, de celles qu’on étudiait à l’époque de la Renaissance. Dans l’article on met en relief le fait que les missionnaires, sans formation linguistique, se servirent des principes de l’herméneutique classique, de l’analogie et de l’anomalie afin d’analyser la nature et la fonction du mot dans les nouvelles langues. On établira aussi la valeur de ces grammaires pour la philologie des langues d’Amérique centrale, alors à ses débuts.ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Aufgrund eines Korpus von zehn verschiedenen Grammatiken von mittelamerikanischen Sprachen, die im 16. Jahrhunder von Missionaren verfaßtt worden sind, versucht die Autorin ein Inventar linguistischer Charakteristika zu erstellen, welche diese Sprachen kennzeichnend sind. Mith ihrer Hilfe lassen sich die Anstrengungen der Autoren ermitteln, Sprachen zu analysieren, die unbekannt waren und sich typologisch sehr weit von denen entfernten, die man in der Zeit der Renaissance studiert hatte. Der Aufsatz hebt hervor, wie die linguistisch nicht vorgebildeten Missionare sich der Prinzipien der antiken Hermeneutik, der Analogie und die Anomalie, bedienten, um die Natur und Funktion des Wortes in diesen neuen Sprachen zu bestimmen. Gleichzeitig wird di Bedeutung dieser Grammatiken für die Philologie der mittelamerikanischen Sprachen herausgestellt, welche noch an ihren Anfängen steht.
Did Andreas Jäger or Georg Caspar Kirchmaier write the dissertation De lingua vetustissima Europae (1686)?
Authors: Considine John 
Published: February 2014

Summary
This paper attempts to establish the authorship of a milestone in the development of the concept of the Indo-European language family, the dissertation De lingua vetustissima Europae (Wittenberg, 1686). Since the work of G. J. Metcalf in 1966 and 1974, this dissertation has been ascribed to Andreas Jäger (c.1660–1730), the Swedish student who played the part of respondens in the public disputation in which the dissertation was discussed. The paper sets out the arguments for identifying Georg Caspar Kirchmaier, the praeses in that disputation, as at least the collaborative author of the De lingua vetustissima. It examines a crucial mistaken argument of Metcalf’s, shows that it was usual in the late 17th and early 18th centuries for the praeses to write such a dissertation alone or in collaboration with the respondens, discusses the testimony of contemporaries in this particular case, and remarks on the relationship of the dissertation to Kirchmaier’s own scholarly interests.
Reassessing Nineteenth-Century Missionary Linguistics on the Pacific Northwest Coast
Authors: Tomalin Marcus 
Published: February 2014

Summary
This article reconsiders various aspects of missionary linguistics on the Pacific Northwest Coast in the late 19th century. In particular, it explores the complex relationship between Alfred Hall’s (1853–1918) A Grammar of the Kwagiutl Language (1888) and Charles Harrison’s (d.1926) Haida Grammar (1895), and it is shown that, in many cases, both the basic analytical framework and the clarificatory examples that Harrison used were largely derived from Hall’s work. Such connections have not been recognised previously, and yet they are of importance, since they indicate that traditional Graeco-Roman categories and paradigms were not the only templates used by missionaries who were seeking to analyse the indigenous languages of North America. In addition, Hall’s and Harrison’s accounts of numerals in Kwak’wala and Haida (respectively) are reassessed, and it is suggested that their analyses were influenced by the classificatory approaches presented in contemporaneous studies of non-Western languages (e.g., Japanese).
Justus Georgius Schottelius (1612–1676) and European Linguistic Thought
Authors: McLelland Nicola 
Published: February 2014

SummaryThis article re-evaluates the significance of the 17th-century grammarian Justus Georgius Schottelius (1612–1676) not just for German linguistic thought (where the importance of his cultural-patrioticSpracharbeitand his contribution to grammatography and lexicography is undisputed), but also in Europe more widely. Contributing to the complex story of the rootword in European linguistic thought, it also demonstrates how the notion of grammatical analogy which Schottelius took from Vossius was applied, through his influence, in grammars of Dutch, Danish, Swedish and Russian, and how his development of the humanist cultural-patriotic concept of the rootword influenced debates on the origin of language, and European studies of the Semitic and even Sanskrit languages.
Extirpation and Tribal Reintroduction of Coho Salmon to the Interior Columbia River Basin
Authors: Galbreath Peter F , Bisbee Michael A , Dompier Douglas W , Kamphaus Cory M , Newsome Todd H 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT
Harvest of anadromous salmonids in the Columbia River basin has been fundamental to the nutrition, economy, and cultural and religious beliefs of the regional Native American tribes. Agricultural development, dam construction, urbanization, and overharvest following colonization by European-origin settlers, however, resulted in dramatic reductions in salmon runs and negative impacts to the well-being of tribal peoples. Federal and state fishery agencies attempted to mitigate for the loss and to rebuild some salmonid populations but deemed Coho Salmon of lesser importance for upriver fisheries and allowed them to go functionally extinct. In the mid-1990s, fishery agencies of the Columbia River Treaty tribes spearheaded efforts to reestablish the extirpated Coho Salmon, beginning in the Yakima, Wenatchee, Methow, and Clearwater rivers. The programs were initiated with juveniles from composite lower Columbia River hatchery stocks, acclimated or direct released near potential spawning habitat, then were transitioned to producing juveniles with broodstock collected in-basin. Increasing numbers of fish are now returning to these rivers, a portion of which is the product of natural spawning. Results suggest that the Coho Salmon are adapting to their new environments and founding local naturalized populations.
RESUMEN
la captura de salmónidos anádromos en la cuenca del Río Columbia ha sido fundamental para la nutrición, economía, cultura y creencias religiosas de las tribus nativas de Norte América. El desarrollo de la agricultura, la construcción de presas, urbanización y sobre pesca que siguieron a la llegada de los colonizadores europeos, dieron como resultado reducciones dramáticas de las corridas de salmón y causaron un impacto negativo en el bienestar de la gente tribal. Las agencias pesqueras federales y estatales trataron de mitigar estas pérdidas y de reconstruir algunas poblaciones de salmónidos, sin embargo clasificaron al salmón plateado como de menor importancia para las pesquerías, permitiendo así que llegara a la extinción funcional. A mediados de la década de 1990, tanto las agencias pesqueras como las tribus oriundas del Río Columbia encabezaron esfuerzos para restablecer el extirpado salmón plateado, comenzando con los ríos Yakima, Wenatchee, Methow y Clearwater. Los programas se iniciaron utilizando individuos juveniles de los stocks cultivados en la parte baja del Río Columbia, mismos que se aclimataban o se liberaban directamente cerca de hábitats potenciales para el desove. Posteriormente, en una etapa transitoria, se produjeron juveniles a partir de reproductores recolectados en las cuencas. En la actualidad, cada vez más peces están regresando a estos ríos, una parte de los cuales es el producto de desoves naturales. Los resultados sugieren que el salmón plateado se está adaptando a sus nuevos ambientes y está creando poblaciones locales naturales.
The Glacier, the Rock, the Image: Emotional Experience and Semiotic Diversity at the Quyllurit’i Pilgrimage (Cuzco, Peru)
Authors: Carreño Guillermo Salas 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe Quyllurit’i (Shining Snow) pilgrimage is the most important of the Southern Peruvian Andes. The shrine is located at the bottom of a glacier and currently attracts all the sociocultural diversity present in the regional society of Cuzco. During the main days of the pilgrimage this usually quiet place is inundated by innumerable groups of musicians and dancers and by tens of thousands of pilgrims. These particularities also attract foreign New Age pilgrims, as well as researchers and film crews. I claim, discussing Durkheim’s elaboration on “collective effervescence,” that the strong emotional experiences of the pilgrimage are functional to the reproduction of coexisting heterogeneous ways to experience and understand the pilgrimage. Most pilgrims are vocal in expressing their experience of transcendence in Quyllurit’i, though they have different ideas about who the transcendent agents addressed by the rituals are, what their relation to the materiality of the shrine is, and how to recognize their agency. The article analyzes the different ways in which New Age pilgrims, Catholic priests, and pilgrims of a highland Quechua community frame and experience the pilgrimage through different assumptions about the nature of society and how signs function in the world.
Cherubim: (Re)presenting Transcendence
Authors: Volli Ugo 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThere is a very general problem of representing transcendence in different culture: how to make present what is by definition beyond human experience. Many cultures forbid it, other as the Christian one allow representations of some divine presence in the world. Jewish tradition is in general strongly anti-iconic and especially forbids any representation of divinity. But in the most sacred place of Judaism, the Holy of Holies, the book of Exodus prescribes the presence of two statues of “cherubim,” which are identified with a class of angels. This article follows the motif of cherubim in the biblical and postbiblical literature, showing that they are not representations of transcendence, but rather indirect representatives of the Jewish people as they provide a device for realizing the state of the people and its relation with the divinity, a metapragmatic sign for the paradoxical presence of the transcendence in the midst of it.
Representing Transcendence: The Semiosis of Real Presence
Authors: Leone Massimo , Parmentier Richard J. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe double function of representation as “standing for” and “making present again” is explored in two case studies of ancient Egyptian cult statues and medieval Christian eucharistic transubstantiation. The experience of the “real presence” of the transcendent accomplished by ritual action is, in both cases, mediated by regimenting metasemiotic texts that proclaim and justify sacramental ontologies of transcendent realities that provide, in turn, models for their very representability in perceptible semiotic mediators. The concept of the “circle of semiosis” is proposed as a counter to scholarly efforts to anchor the variability of solutions to the paradox of representing the nonrepresentable in terms of their positioning relative to an “axial breakthrough” or to analyze metasemiotic texts as being primarily post hoc interpretations of universal psychological tendencies to see beyond the here and now.
Transition between Life and Afterlife: Analyzing The Triumph of Death in the Camposanto of Pisa
Authors: Carletti Lorenzo , Polacci Francesca 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWhat is more vivid and earthly than death? A dead body does not involve problems of representation of transcendence. If death is meant not as an ending point but as a transition between life and afterlife, the theoretical problem is more complex. The Triumph of Death (1336–41), frescoed by Buffalmacco inside the Camposanto of Pisa, shows a personification of Death, half human and half devil, that connects two different semantic fields: /life/ and /nondeath/. Its terrible figure acts as an agent of transformation from the earthly life to the new life, hellish or heavenly. Several scrolls, mostly along the frame, underline this interpretation: words and images establish a new level of communication, acting as a guide to the beholder to look inside himself and get ready for the consequences of dying.
Information Manipulation and Climate Agreements
Authors: Hong Fuhai , Zhao Xiaojian 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIt appears that news media and some pro‐environmental organizations have the tendency to accentuate or even exaggerate the damage caused by climate change. This article provides a rationale for this tendency by using a modified International Environmental Agreement (IEA) model with asymmetric information. We find that the information manipulation has an instrumental value, as it ex post induces more countries to participate in an IEA, which will eventually enhance global welfare. From the ex ante perspective, however, the impact that manipulating information has on the level of participation in an IEA and on welfare is ambiguous.