bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conflict Prevention, Conflict Mitigation, and Manifestations of Conflict During Emergency Department Consultations
Authors: Chan Teresa , Bakewell Francis , Orlich Donika , Sherbino Jonathan 
Published: March 2014

AbstractObjectivesThe objective was to determine the causes of and mitigating factors for conflict between emergency physicians and other colleagues during consultations.MethodsFrom March to September 2010, a total of 61 physicians (31 residents and 30 attendings from emergency medicine [EM], internal medicine, and general surgery) were interviewed about how junior learners should be taught about emergency department (ED) consultations. During these interviews, they were asked if and how conflict manifests during the ED consultation process. Two investigators reviewed the transcripts independently to generate themes related to conflict until saturation was reached. Disagreements were resolved by consensus. The trustworthiness of the analysis was ensured by generating an audit trail, which was subsequently audited by an investigator not involved with the initial analysis. This analysis was compared to previously proposed models of trust and conflict from the sociology and business literature.ResultsAll participants recalled some manifestation of conflict. There were 12 negative conflict‐producing themes and 10 protective conflict‐mitigating themes. When comparing these themes to a previously developed model of the domains of trust, each theme mapped to domains of the model.ConclusionsConflict affects the ED consultation process. Areas that lead to conflict are identified that map to previous models of trust and conflict. This work extends the current understanding about intradisciplinary conflict in the clinical realm. These new findings may improve the understanding of the nature of conflicts that occur and form the foundation for interventions that may decrease conflict during ED consultations.
Developing differential height, weight and body mass index references for girls that reflect the impact of the menarche
Authors: Mumm R , Scheffler C , Hermanussen M 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAimGrowth is both a matter of amplitude and tempo. We aimed to develop references for body height, body weight and body mass index (BMI) with respect to tempo of maturity.MethodsData obtained from the German KiGGS study (2003–2006) on body height, body weight and presence or absence of the menarche were re‐analysed in 3776 girls, aged 10–17 years. We developed smoothed centiles for BMI‐, body‐height‐ and body‐weight‐for‐age using the LMS method for premenarcheal and postmenarcheal girls.ResultsBody height, body weight and BMI differed significantly between premenarcheal and postmenarcheal girls. On average, postmenarcheal girls aged 11–17 years were 5.3 cm taller and 9.7 kg heavier, and their BMI was 2.9 kg/m² higher than in premenarcheal girls of the same calendar age.ConclusionAdolescent BMI rises with calendar age and biological age. New reference charts for adolescent girls aged 10–18 years were generated to be inserted into the currently used references to avoid misclassifying underweight and overweight pubertal girls.
Ademographic and career profile of municipalCAOsinCanada: Implications for local governance
Authors: O'Flynn Patrick Eamon , Mau Tim A. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractLittle has been written about the Canadian municipal chief administrative officer (CAO). Given the growing importance of municipalities, it is an important gap in the literature. This article depictsCAOsas a group of older white men, highly educated and very experienced. Given the impending retirement of a significant number ofCAOs, municipalities have an opportunity to achieve a greater degree of representativeness. The authors identify a number of research trajectories to enhance our knowledge and understanding of this critical administrative position.SommaireIl existe peu de documents sur les chefs des services municipaux auCanada. Étant donné l'importance croissante des municipalités, cela représente une grave lacune dans la documentation. Cet article décrit les chefs des services municipaux comme un groupe d'hommes blancs d'un certain âge, ayant un haut niveau d'études et une grande expérience. Comme un grand nombre d'entre eux vont prendre leur retraite d'ici peu, les municipalités ont une occasion de parvenir à un plus grand degré de représentativité. Les auteurs identifient un certain nombre de pistes de recherche pour améliorer nos connaissances et notre compréhension de cette fonction administrative cruciale.
Curcumin ameliorates autoimmune diabetes. Evidence in accelerated murine models of type 1 diabetes
Authors: Castro C N , Barcala Tabarrozzi A E , Winnewisser J , Gimeno M L , Antunica Noguerol M , Liberman A C , Paz D A , Dewey R A , Perone M J 
Published: March 2014

SummaryType 1 diabetes (T1DM) is a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease that selectively destroys pancreatic β cells. The only possible cure for T1DM is to control autoimmunity against β cell-specific antigens. We explored whether the natural compound curcumin, with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, might down-regulate the T cell response that destroys pancreatic β cells to improve disease outcome in autoimmune diabetes. We employed two accelerated autoimmune diabetes models: (i) cyclophosphamide (CYP) administration to non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice and (ii) adoptive transfer of diabetogenic splenocytes into NODscid mice. Curcumin treatment led to significant delay of disease onset, and in some instances prevented autoimmune diabetes by inhibiting pancreatic leucocyte infiltration and preserving insulin-expressing cells. To investigate the mechanisms of protection we studied the effect of curcumin on key immune cell populations involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. Curcumin modulates the T lymphocyte response impairing proliferation and interferon (IFN)-γ production through modulation of T-box expressed in T cells (T-bet), a key transcription factor for proinflammatory T helper type 1 (Th1) lymphocyte differentiation, both at the transcriptional and translational levels. Also, curcumin reduces nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation in T cell receptor (TCR)-stimulated NOD lymphocytes. In addition, curcumin impairs the T cell stimulatory function of dendritic cells with reduced secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide (NO) and low surface expression of co-stimulatory molecules, leading to an overall diminished antigen-presenting cell activity. These in-vitro effects correlated with ex-vivo analysis of cells obtained from curcumin-treated mice during the course of autoimmune diabetes. These findings reveal an effective therapeutic effect of curcumin in autoimmune diabetes by its actions on key immune cells responsible for β cell death.
A systematic review of local excision combined with chemoradiotherapy for early rectal cancer
Authors: Ung L. , Chua T. C. , Engel A. F. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAimLocal excision of early rectal cancer is a less morbid alternative to major abdominal surgery. This review evaluates the role of local excision with neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemoradiotherapy to identify a select group of patients where local excision is appropriate without significantly compromising the oncological outcome.MethodMEDLINE, PubMed and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched to identify relevant articles investigating the role of local excision with adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with T1/T2N0M0 disease. Eleven studies comprising 455 patients were selected. Oncological end‐points included overall survival, disease‐free and disease‐specific survival, recurrence rates as well as perioperative morbidity and mortality.ResultsAt a range of 30.5–115.2 months, median overall survival, disease‐specific and disease‐free survival were 75% (66–80.6%), 89% (75–93.3%) and 74% (64–85.2%), respectively. Median local, distant and overall recurrence rates were 10% (4.8–25%), 4.7% (4–11.8%) and 13.1% (10.7–23.5%), respectively. Mortality was 0% in all studies except one (2.9%). Most reported complications were minor and were treated conservatively.ConclusionThis systematic review provides data suggesting that selected patients with T1/T2N0M0 rectal cancer may undergo local excision without compromising the oncological outcome otherwise conferred by total mesorectal excision. It may be a particularly useful option in patients in whom radical surgery is contraindicated. Randomized trials comparing both management strategies to consolidate this finding may lead to a paradigm change in the management of early rectal cancer.
Vitamin D deficiency, parathyroid hormone levels, and bone disease among patients with end‐stage liver disease and normal serum creatinine awaiting liver transplantation
Authors: Corey Rebecca L. , Whitaker Michael D. , Crowell Michael D. , Keddis Mira T. , Aqel Bashar , Balan Vijayan , Byrne Thomas , Carey Elizabeth , Douglas David D. , Harrison M. Edwyn , Vargas Hugo E. , Rakela Jorge 
Published: March 2014

AbstractVitamin D deficiency is common among patients with end‐stage liver disease (ESLD). The primary aim of our study was to assess the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, secondary hyperparathyroidism, and bone disease in patients with ESLD awaiting LT.MethodsWe retrospectively studied 190 patients at our center. Serum total 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25‐OH D), parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium, and bone mineral analysis (BMA) were recorded. Standard World Health Organization (WHO) criteria were used to diagnose osteopenia/osteoporosis. Only patients with normal serum creatinine were analyzed.ResultsThirty‐two of 190 patients were excluded from the final analysis (missing serum total 25‐OH D levels in three patients and elevated serum creatinine, 29 patients). 105 of 158 (66.4%) evaluable patients had 25‐OH D levels <25 ng/mL. Patients included in the analysis (n = 158) were divided according to serum total 25‐OH D levels: 0–10 ng/mL (n = 23), 11–20 ng/mL (n = 64), and >20 ng/mL (n = 71). There were no significant differences in mean serum PTH and corrected calcium levels among the three subgroups. Only three patients had elevated serum PTH. Patients with total 25‐OH D ≤ 10 ng/mL had higher model for end‐stage liver disease (MELD) scores vs. those with 25‐OH D > 20 ng/mL (13.3 ± 3, range 8–21, vs. 11.9 ± 3.4, range 6–29, p = 0.004). Irrespective of vitamin D status, bone disease was present in 64.6% of patients.ConclusionLow vitamin D levels and bone disease are common among patients with ESLD awaiting LT. Despite a high prevalence of low serum total 25‐OH D, our cohort maintained normal corrected calcium levels and did not develop secondary hyperparathyroidism. We propose that free serum 25‐OH D and vitamin D‐binding protein may be necessary to accurately establish the diagnosis of vitamin D deficiency in the setting of ESLD. Additional studies are needed to further define mechanisms of bone disease in patients with ESLD.
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection during allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a single‐center experience
Authors: Shiratori Souichi , Wakasa Kentaro , Okada Kohei , Sugita Junichi , Akizawa Koji , Shigematsu Akio , Hashimoto Daigo , Fujimoto Katsuya , Endo Tomoyuki , Kondo Takeshi , Shimizu Chikara , Hashino Satoshi , Teshima Takanori 
Published: March 2014

AbstractTo examine risk factors for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia) infection during allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT), we retrospectively analyzed 259 patients who underwent allo‐HSCT. Not only S. maltophilia infection but also S. maltophilia colonization was associated with mortality during allo‐HSCT. Among 52 episodes in 39 patients in whom S. maltophilia was detected, documented infection developed in 33 episodes (25 patients). The onset of S. maltophilia infection in the period from the conditioning regimen to engraftment was associated with a high mortality rate. Breakthrough S. maltophilia infection developed in 24% of the patients during prophylactic administration of fluoroquinolones, to which S. maltophilia is sensitive. Reinsertion of a central venous catheter (CVC) immediately after removal was suggested to be a risk for persistent S. maltophilia infection in the period of neutropenia. Our results indicated that (i) onset of S. maltophilia infection in the period from the conditioning therapy to engraftment and (ii) removal and immediate reinsertion of a CVC as treatment after the onset of S. maltophilia infection are possible risk factors for S. maltophilia‐related mortality during allo‐HSCT.
Cervical spondylosis deformans in two Quarter Horses
Authors: Draper A. C. E. , Finno C. J. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryThis case report describes 2 Quarter Horses diagnosed with severe bridging spondylosis deformans of the cervical spine. Clinical signs in both horses included severe neck stiffness, reduced mobility and issues with grazing normally. Both were diagnosed with cervical radiographs. Ataxia was noted in one horse. One horse has shown progressively worsening signs over 4 years. Where severe neck stiffness and reduced mobility are noted in a horse, cervical spondylosis deformans should be considered as a differential diagnosis.
More than just a filler – the role of hyaluronan for skin homeostasis
Authors: Anderegg Ulf , Simon Jan C. , Averbeck Marco 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn recent years, hyaluronan (HA) has become an increasingly attractive substance as a non‐immunogenic filler and scaffolding material in cosmetic dermatology. Despite its wide use for skin augmentation and rejuvenation, relatively little is known about the molecular structures and interacting proteins of HA in normal and diseased skin. However, a comprehensive understanding of cutaneous HA homeostasis is required for future the development of HA‐based applications for skin regeneration. This review provides an update on HA‐based structures, expression, metabolism and its regulation, function and pharmacological targeting of HA in skin.
The derivation of log‐transformed abundance data for the quantitative analysis of macroinvertebrate traits – an addendum to ‘A macroecological perspective of trait patterns in stream communities’ by Heino et al. ()
Authors: Monaghan Kieran A. , Soares Amadeu M. V. M. 
Published: March 2014

Summary

Heino et al. () identified the weak explanatory power of abundance data as an important limitation of macroinvertebrate trait analysis. This limitation may be an artefact of analytical design.

The widespread practice of combining logarithmically transformed abundance data with trait frequencies, log(x + 1)*(trait frequency), represents a nonlinear abundance weighting of trait frequencies, as opposed to an expression of trait abundances per se. Because the addition of logarithmic data is equivalent to multiplication on an arithmetic scale, summing these abundance‐weighted frequencies provides an inconsistent scaling of trait abundance that may confound quantitative comparison.

We provide examples of the options for estimating trait abundance from data on macroinvertebrate abundance and trait frequencies and discuss the meaning of numerical data in the context of analytical objectives.

In the light of the contrasting methods that have been employed to analyse trait data for benthic macroinvertebrates, the conclusion that the explanatory power of trait abundance is inferior to that of taxonomic abundance may be premature.
Renal Dysfunction in Stroke Patients: A Hospital-Based Cohort Study and Systematic Review
Authors: Rowat Anne , Graham Catriona , Dennis Martin 
Published: March 2014

Background and purpose Renal dysfunction (i.e. a reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate, eGFR) is commonly found in hospitalized stroke patients but its associations with Patients' characteristics and outcome require further investigation. Methods We linked clinical data from stroke patients enrolled between 2005 and 2008 into two prospective hospital registers with routine laboratory eGFR data. The eGFR was calculated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease method and renal dysfunction was defined as <60 ml/min/1·73 m2. In addition we systematically reviewed studies investigating the association between eGFR and outcome after stroke. Results Of 2520 patients who had an eGFR measured on admission hospital, 805 (32%) had renal dysfunction. On multivariate analysis, renal dysfunction was significantly less likely in those with a predicted good outcome (OR 0·27, 95% CI 0·21, 0·36) based on the well-validated six simple variable model. After adjustment for other predictive factors, stroke patients with renal dysfunction were more likely to die in hospital compared with those without (odds ratio 1·59, 95% confidence intervals 1·26, 2·00). Of the 31 studies involving 41 896 participants included in the systematic review, 18 studies found that low eGFR was an independent predictor of death and 6 reported a significant association with death and disability. Conclusion Our findings suggest that renal dysfunction on admission is common and associated with poor outcomes over the first year. Further work is required to establish to what extent these associations are causal and whether treating impaired renal function improves outcomes.
Use of biological treatments in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: Martin‐Ezquerra G. , Masferrer E. , Masferrer‐Niubò M. , Ferran M. , Sánchez‐Regaña M. , Collgros H. , Bordas X. , Notario J. , Alsina M. , Gil I. , Izquierdo N. , Aparicio G. , Mollet J. , Garcia‐Patos V. , Pujol R.M. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIntroductionHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic skin disease which causes a great impact in the quality of life. Multiple therapeutic options have been proposed, and recently the potential use of biological drugs in severe cases has been postulated.Material and MethodsA retrospective study from seven tertiary Spanish centers reviewing the charts of patients with HS treated with biological drugs was performed. Retrieved information included epidemiological data, clinical features, pain intensity, Hurley stage, laboratory data and therapeutic outcomes.ResultsNineteen patients were included in the study; 10 men (52.6%) and 9 women. Eight patients (42%) showed a Hurley severity stage II and 11 a stage III (57.8%). Adalimumab was prescribed as the first biological treatment in nine out of 19 cases (47.3%), whereas infliximab was prescribed in seven cases (36.8%), ustekinumab in two cases (10.5%) and etanercept in one (5.2%). A complete response was observed in three patients (two cases with infliximab and one case with ustekinumab), a partial improvement in 10 patients and in six patients no clinical improvement was noted. One patient referred worsening of the skin symptoms. In 6 cases, a second biological treatment was prescribed. In three of such cases, a partial improvement was noted, whereas in three cases no clinical improvement was observed. In two cases a switch to a third biological drug was indicated, with a partial improvement in one case.Discussion and ConclusionsBiological drugs could be a potential and effective therapeutic option for patients with severe HS. Complete and persistent clinical responses are rarely obtained (15%) and partial responses are achieved in approximately 50% of patients. No specific markers for a therapeutic response have been identified. No definitive conclusions regarding the most effective biological drug for HS could be drawn. Higher dosage schedules seem to be associated with higher response rates. The lack of response of one particular drug does not preclude a potential efficacy to another biological treatment.
LEARNING BANKS' EXPOSURE TO SYSTEMATIC RISK: EVIDENCE FROM THE FINANCIAL CRISIS OF 2008
Authors: Viale Ariel M. , Madura Jeff 
Published: March 2014

AbstractUsing a two‐state Markov regime‐switching intertemporal capital asset pricing model, we find that the exposure to systematic risk of bank stocks varies with size and the state of the economy. Across large banks, those with higher net interest margins and lower capital ratios are the most exposed to unexpected shifts in the term structure of interest rates. Small banks with higher net interest rate margins and that rely less on noninterest income are the most exposed to unexpected shifts in the stance of monetary policy. We apply the asset pricing model out of sample to assess its ability to detect troubled banks during a financial crisis.
Mechanical stimulation evokes rapid increases in extracellular adenosine concentration in the prefrontal cortex
Authors: Ross Ashley E. , Nguyen Michael D. , Privman Eve , Venton B. Jill 
Published: March 2014

AbstractMechanical perturbations can release ATP, which is broken down to adenosine. In this work, we used carbon‐fiber microelectrodes and fast‐scan cyclic voltammetry to measure mechanically stimulated adenosine in the brain by lowering the electrode 50 μm. Mechanical stimulation evoked adenosine in vivo (average: 3.3 ± 0.6 μM) and in brain slices (average: 0.8 ± 0.1 μM) in the prefrontal cortex. The release was transient, lasting 18 ± 2 s. Lowering a 15‐μm‐diameter glass pipette near the carbon‐fiber microelectrode produced similar results as lowering the actual microelectrode. However, applying a small puff of artificial cerebral spinal fluid was not sufficient to evoke adenosine. Multiple stimulations within a 50‐μm region of a slice did not significantly change over time or damage cells. Chelating calcium with EDTA or blocking sodium channels with tetrodotoxin significantly decreased mechanically evoked adenosine, signifying that the release is activity dependent. An alpha‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methylisoxazole‐4‐propionate receptor antagonist, 6‐cyano‐7‐nitroquinoxaline‐2,3‐dione, did not affect mechanically stimulated adenosine; however, the nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1,2 and 3 (NTDPase) inhibitor POM‐1 significantly reduced adenosine so a portion of adenosine is dependent on extracellular ATP metabolism. Thus, mechanical perturbations from inserting a probe in the brain cause rapid, transient adenosine signaling which might be neuroprotective.
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We have discovered immediate changes in adenosine concentration in the prefrontal cortex following mechanical stimulation. The adenosine increase lasts only about 20 s. Mechanically stimulated adenosine was activity dependent and mostly because of extracellular ATP metabolism. This rapid, transient increase in adenosine may help protect tissue and would occur during implantation of any electrode, such as during deep brain stimulation.