bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Resonance and Shelf/Open-Ocean Coupling of the Global Diurnal Tides
Authors: Skiba Aaron W. , Zeng Libo , Arbic Brian K. , Müller Malte , Godwin William J. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe resonance of diurnal tidal elevations is investigated with a forward ocean tide model run in a realistic near-global domain and a synthesis of free oscillations (normal modes) computed for realistic global ocean geometries and ocean physics. As a prelude to performing the forward ocean tide simulations, the topographic wave drag, which is now commonly employed in forward ocean tide models, is tuned specifically for diurnal tides. The synthesis of global free oscillations predicts reasonably well the forward ocean diurnal tide model sensitivity to changes in the frequency, zonal structure, and meridional structure of the astronomical diurnal tidal forcing. Three global free oscillations that are important for understanding diurnal tides as a superposition of forced-damped, resonant, free oscillations are identified. An admittance analysis of the frequency sweep experiments demonstrates that some coastal locations such as the Sea of Okhotsk are resonant to diurnal tidal forcing. As in earlier work done with semidiurnal tides, a series of simulations are performed in which regions possessing significant coastal diurnal tides are blocked out. The largest perturbations to the open-ocean diurnal tides take place in Blocked Sea of Okhotsk experiments. Lesser but still significant perturbations also arise from the blocking out of other regions of large diurnal tidal elevations or dissipation. Interpretation of the results is made more complex, however, by the fact that substantial perturbations also arise from blocking out regions where neither tidal elevations nor dissipation are large. The “blocking” experiments are relevant to understanding tides of the ice age, during which lower sea levels entail a reduced area of continental shelves.
The effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on strength, proprioception, balance and mobility in people with stroke: a randomized controlled cross-over trial
Authors: Tyson Sarah F , Sadeghi-Demneh Ebrahim , Nester Christopher J 
Published: March 2013

Objective: To investigate the feasibility and potential efficacy of ‘activeTENS’ (that is transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) during everyday activities) by assessing the immediate effects on strength, proprioception, balance/falls risk and mobility after stroke. Design: A paired-sample randomized cross-over trial. Subjects: Twenty-nine mobile chronic stroke survivors with no pre-existing conditions limiting balance or mobility or contra-indications to TENS. Setting: University clinical research facility. Intervention: A single session of ‘activeTENS’ delivered via a ‘sock electrode’ (70–130 Hz, five second cycle) plus a session of control treatment (wearing the sock electrode with no stimulation), lasting approximately two hours in total. Main Outcomes: Dorsiflexor and plantarflexor strength and proprioception using an isokinetic dyanometer, balance and falls risk (Standing Forward Reach Test) and gait speed (10-m walk test). Results: All participants tolerated ‘active TENS’. Most parameters improved during stimulation with activeTENS; balance ( p = 0.009), gait speed ( p = 0.002), plantarflexor strength ( p = 0.008) and proprioception of plantarflexion ( p = 0.029), except dorsiflexor strength ( p = 0.194) and dorsiflexion proprioception ( p = 0.078). Conclusions: The results provide initial evidence of the potential of ‘active TENS’ to benefit physical function after stroke which warrants further phase II trials to develop the intervention. Concerns that stimulation could have a detrimental impact on balance and increase risk of falls were not supported.
A Survey of Child Care Centers about Breastfeeding Support in Adelaide, South Australia
Authors: Javanparast Sara , Sweet Linda , Newman Lareen , McIntyre Ellen 
Published: March 2013

Background: Australia has high rates of breastfeeding initiation, with a consistent decline over the first year. Furthermore, there is a growing trend of maternal employment and rising numbers of children enrolled in different types of child care services, both of which can have a negative impact on breastfeeding. Objectives: To provide evidence to better inform implementation of breastfeeding-friendly strategies in child care settings, this study examined breastfeeding policy and practice in child care centers in metropolitan Adelaide. Methods: The paper reports on a survey sent to 292 child care centers in metropolitan Adelaide in 2010. The survey collected information on center location and type, number of enrolled children under age 2, and number of breastfed babies. The survey also included questions about breastfeeding facilities and support, breastfeeding policies, staff training, and barriers to and recommendations to enhance breastfeeding support in child care centers. Results: Of the 62 completed returned surveys (21% response rate), 43 centers (69.4%) reported that they currently have children who receive breast milk at the center; however, in most centers, the total number of breastfed children was reported to be between 1 and 4; 76% reported that the center was supportive of exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months; and 80.6% had statements on breastfeeding as part of their food and nutrition policies or guidelines. Furthermore, 64.5% reported there was no formal or informal training for staff on breastfeeding support, but 50% reported that staff members do provide breastfeeding advice to mothers of children in their center. Conclusions: Despite some strategies in place to support breastfeeding, there are no standards on breastfeeding policies, practices, and training in child care settings. Therefore, the extent and scope of such support depend on parental request and the perceptions and attitudes of child care center staff toward breastfeeding.
A Survey Examining the Correlations Between Japanese Little League Baseball Coaches’ Knowledge of and Compliance With Pitch Count Recommendations and Player Elbow Pain
Authors: Yukutake Taiki , Yamada Minoru , Aoyama Tomoki 
Published: March 2013

Background: With the incidence of Little League elbow increasing, pitch limit recommendations for preventing throwing injuries have been developed in both the United States and Japan. However, levels of knowledge of and compliance with these recommendations among coaches of young baseball teams in Japan remain unknown. The relationship between these levels and elbow pain among players has not been adequately studied. Hypothesis: Knowledge of and compliance with these recommendations is similar in the United States and Japan. Greater knowledge and higher levels of compliance have a significant correlation with reduced elbow pain in Little League baseball players. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Coaches of youth baseball teams in Kyoto, Japan, completed a questionnaire assessing knowledge of and compliance with recommendations. Team variables and coach-related factors concerning elbow pain among young baseball players were surveyed, and the questionnaire investigated demographic data and elbow pain history in the previous 12 months. Results: In total, 123 baseball coaches and 654 baseball players aged 6 to 12 years participated in this study; data were analyzed for 113 coaches and 339 players. Among coaches, 39.8% had accurate knowledge of the recommendations (similar to the US data) and 28.3% complied with them (lower than the US data). There was no correlation between elbow pain and knowledge of and compliance with the recommendations, but coaches’ opinions on the number of games were indicated as a significant risk factor for elbow pain; the more coaches considered the number of games played, the fewer the number of players who experienced elbow pain. Conclusion: The level of knowledge of recommendations in Japan was similar to that in the United States, but compliance levels were far lower. There was no correlation between elbow pain and knowledge and compliance. Clinical Relevance: The Little League elbow problem should be addressed at global and national levels.
Accelerated progression of chronic lymphocytic leukemia in Eμ-TCL1 mice expressing catalytically inactive RAG1
Authors: Nganga Vincent K. , Palmer Victoria L. , Naushad Hina , Kassmeier Michele D. , Anderson Dirk K. , Perry Greg A. , Schabla Nathan M. , Swanson Patrick C. 
Published: March 2013

Key Points
Expressing dominant-negative RAG1 to inhibit BCR editing of autoreactivity in CLL-prone Eμ-TCL1 mice accelerates disease onset. Gene expression profiling studies provide evidence of distinct but convergent pathways for CLL development.
Global proteomic analysis of the oocyst/sporozoite of Toxoplasma gondiireveals commitment to a host-independent lifestyle
Authors: Possenti Alessia , Fratini Federica , Fantozzi Luca , Pozio Edoardo , Dubey Jitender P , Ponzi Marta , Pizzi Elisabetta , Spano Furio 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundToxoplasmosis is caused by the apicomplexan parasiteToxoplasma gondiiand can be acquired either congenitally or via the oral route. In the latter case, transmission is mediated by two distinct invasive stages, i.e., bradyzoites residing in tissue cysts or sporozoites contained in environmentally resistant oocysts shed by felids in their feces. The oocyst plays a central epidemiological role, yet this stage has been scarcely investigated at the molecular level and the knowledge of its expressed proteome is very limited.ResultsUsing one-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled to liquid chromatography-linked tandem mass spectrometry, we analysed total or fractionated protein extracts of partially sporulatedT. gondiioocysts, producing a dataset of 1304 non reduntant proteins (~18% of the total predicted proteome), ~59% of which were classified according to the MIPS functional catalogue database. Notably, the comparison of the oocyst dataset with the extensively covered proteome ofT. gondiitachyzoite, the invasive stage responsible for the clinical signs of toxoplasmosis, identified 154 putative oocyst/sporozoite-specific proteins, some of which were validated by Western blot. The analysis of this protein subset showed that, compared to tachyzoites, oocysts have a greater capability of de novo amino acid biosynthesis and are well equipped to fuel the Krebs cycle with the acetyl-CoA generated through fatty acid β-oxidation and the degradation of branched amino acids.ConclusionsThe study reported herein significantly expanded our knowledge of the proteome expressed by the oocyst/sporozoite ofT. gondii,shedding light on a stage-specifc subset of proteins whose functional profile is consistent with the adaptation ofT. gondiioocysts to the nutrient-poor and stressing extracellular environment.
Results of a phase I dose escalation study of eltrombopag in patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma receiving doxorubicin and ifosfamide
Authors: Chawla Sant P , Staddon Arthur , Hendifar Andrew , Messam Conrad A , Patwardhan Rita , Kamel Yasser Yasser Mostafa 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this Phase I dose escalation study was to explore the safety and tolerability of eltrombopag, an oral, nonpeptide, thrombopoietin receptor agonist, in patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma (STS) and thrombocytopenia due to treatment with doxorubicin and ifosfamide (AI) combination chemotherapy.MethodsPatients aged 18 or older with histologically confirmed, locally advanced or metastatic STS were treated with 1 cycle of AI followed by AI with eltrombopag starting at Cycle 2, using 2 different dosing schedules. The study design included an eltrombopag dose escalation phase starting at 75 mg daily to determine the optimal biological dose (OBD).ResultsEighteen patients were enrolled and 15 received at least 1 dose of chemotherapy; 3 patients withdrew prior to receiving eltrombopag. Seven, 4, and 1 patients received 75 mg, 100 mg, and 150 mg eltrombopag daily, respectively. No dose-limiting toxicities were reported. Due to slow recruitment, the study was closed prior to identifying an OBD. The most common hematologic adverse events (AEs) were thrombocytopenia (80%), neutropenia (73%), and anemia (67%). The most common nonhematologic AEs were fatigue (53%), alanine aminotransferase increased, constipation, and nausea (47% each). Eleven of 12 patients who received eltrombopag completed at least 2 chemotherapy cycles; all had increased platelet counts on Day 1 of Cycle 2 (cycle with eltrombopag) compared to Day 1 of Cycle 1 (cycle without eltrombopag).ConclusionsAlthough data are limited, safety data were consistent with the known toxicities of AI combination chemotherapy or the side effect profile of eltrombopag seen in other studies. Available data suggest a potential pre- and post-chemotherapy dosing scheme for eltrombopag when administered with AI chemotherapy, and support further investigation of eltrombopag treatment in patients with chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia.
Prevalence of antifolate resistance mutations in Plasmodium falciparum isolates in Afghanistan
Authors: Awab Ghulam R , Pukrittayakamee Sasithon , Jamornthanyawat Natsuda , Yamin Fazel , Dondorp Arjen M , Day Nicholas PJ , White Nicholas J , Woodrow Charles J , Imwong Mallika 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Background
Artesunate plus sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (AS+SP) is now first-line treatment for Plasmodium falciparum infection in several south Asian countries, including Afghanistan. Molecular studies provide a sensitive means to investigate the current state of drug susceptibility to the SP component, and can also provide information on the likely efficacy of other potential forms of artemisinin-combination therapy.

Methods
During the years 2007 to 2010, 120 blood spots from patients with P. falciparum malaria were obtained in four provinces of Afghanistan. PCR-based methods were used to detect drug-resistance mutations in dhfr, dhps, pfcrt and pfmdr1, as well as to determine copy number of pfmdr1.

Results
The majority (95.5%) of infections had a double mutation in the dhfr gene (C59R, S108N); no mutations at dhfr positions 16, 51 or 164 were seen. Most isolates were wild type across the dhps gene, but five isolates from the provinces of Kunar and Nangarhar in eastern Afghanistan had the triple mutation A437G / K540E / A581G; all five cases were successfully treated with three receiving AS+SP and two receiving dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine. All isolates showed the pfcrt SVNMT chloroquine resistance haplotype. Five of 79 isolates had the pfmdr1 N86Y mutation, while 52 had pfmdr1 Y184F; positions 1034, 1042 and 1246 were wild type in all isolates. The pfmdr1 gene was not amplified in any sample.

Conclusions
This study indicates that shortly after the adoption of AS+SP as first-line treatment in Afghanistan, most parasites had a double mutation haplotype in dhfr, and a small number of isolates from eastern Afghanistan harboured a triple mutation haplotype in dhps. The impact of these mutations on the efficacy of AS+SP remains to be assessed in significant numbers of patients, but these results are clearly concerning since they suggest a higher degree of SP resistance than previously detected. Further focused molecular and clinical studies in this region are urgently required.
Detecting activity locations from raw GPS data: a novel kernel-based algorithm
Authors: Thierry Benoit , Chaix Basile , Kestens Yan 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Background
Health studies and mHealth applications are increasingly resorting to tracking technologies such as Global Positioning Systems (GPS) to study the relation between mobility, exposures, and health. GPS tracking generates large sets of geographic data that need to be transformed to be useful for health research. This paper proposes a method to test the performance of activity place detection algorithms, and compares the performance of a novel kernel-based algorithm with a more traditional time-distance cluster detection method.

Methods
A set of 750 artificial GPS tracks containing three stops each were generated, with various levels of noise.. A total of 9,000 tracks were processed to measure the algorithms’ capacity to detect stop locations and estimate stop durations, with varying GPS noise and algorithm parameters.

Results
The proposed kernel-based algorithm outperformed the traditional algorithm on most criteria associated to activity place detection, and offered a stronger resilience to GPS noise, managing to detect up to 92.3% of actual stops, and estimating stop duration within 5% error margins at all tested noise levels.

Conclusions
Capacity to detect activity locations is an important feature in a context of increasing use of GPS devices in health and place research. While further testing with real-life tracks is recommended, testing algorithms’ performance with artificial track sets for which characteristics are controlled is useful. The proposed novel algorithm outperformed the traditional algorithm under these conditions.
Obesity, diabetes mellitus, and the risk of female breast cancer in Eastern China
Authors: Wang Xiao-Lei , Jia Cun-Xian , Liu Li-Yuan , Zhang Qiang , Li Yu-Yang , Li Liang 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Background
This study was designed to explore the relationship between obesity, diabetes mellitus (DM), and female breast cancer in Eastern China.

Methods
A 1:3 matched case–control study was carried out, comprising 123 women with breast cancer and 369 controls. All of the 492 subjects were selected from a previous epidemiological survey of 122,058 women in Eastern China.

Results
There were significant differences between the case and control groups in waist circumference and body mass index (BMI), but not in waist to hip ratio or hip circumference. There was a significant difference between the two groups in BMI for post-menopausal women, and a significant difference in waist circumference for pre-menopausal women. After adjustment for other factors, BMI was still significantly associated with breast cancer (odds ratio (OR) = 1.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14 to 2.19). DM was significantly associated with breast cancer (OR = 3.35, 95% CI 1.02 to 11.01) in the univariate analysis but not in the multivariate analysis (P = 0.059).

Conclusions
Obesity might be a risk factor for female breast cancer. We found different strengths of association for women with different menopausal status when we examined the relationship between obesity and breast cancer. The association between DM and female breast cancer should be further confirmed with larger sample sizes.
AL-FEC for streaming services in LTE E-MBMS
Authors: Calabuig Jorge , Monserrat Jose F , Gozálvez David , Gómez-Barquero David 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
3rd Generation Partnership Project specified Application Layer - Forward Error Correction (AL-FEC) to be used for Enhanced Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Services (E-MBMS) in Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks. Specifically, Raptor coding is applied to both streaming and file delivery services. This article focuses on streaming services and investigates the optimum configuration of the AL-FEC mechanism depending on the signal-to-interference plus noise power ratio conditions. These configurations are compared with a scenario without an application layer protection to obtain the potential gain that can be achieved by means of AL-FEC. This article also studies the multiplexing of services within the AL-FEC time interleaving. These analyses were performed using a proprietary system level simulator and assuming both pedestrian and vehicular users. Different quality criterions were used to ensure the completeness of the study. Results show the significant benefit of using AL-FEC in E-MBMS in terms of coverage and service quality.
Analysis and mapping of a 3′ coterminal transcription unit derived from human cytomegalovirus open reading frames UL30–UL32
Authors: Ma Yanping , Gao Shuang , Wang Lin , Wang Ning , Li Mali , Zheng Bo , Qi Ying , Sun Zhengrong , Liu Weiwei , Ruan Qiang 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Background
It has been predicted that the UL31 gene originates from the positive strand of the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) genome, whereas the UL30 and UL32 genes originate from the complementary strand. Except for the UL32 gene, the transcription of this gene region has not been investigated extensively.

Methods
Northern blotting, cDNA library screening, RACE-PCR,and RT-PCR were used.

Results
At least eight transcripts of the antisense orientation of UL31 were transcribed from the UL30–UL32 region during the late phase of HCMV infection. The 3′ coterminus of these transcripts was located within the predicted UL30 gene. The longest 6.0-kb transcript was initiated upstream of the predicted UL32 gene. Other transcripts were derived from the predicted UL30 and UL31 gene region. Except for the previously predicted UL32 open reading frame (ORF), three novel ORFs, named UL31anti-1, UL31anti-2 and UL31anti-3, were located in the transcripts from the UL31anti-UL32 transcription unit. No transcription was found in UL31.

Conclusion
A family of novel 3′ coterminal transcripts was transcribed from the UL30–UL32 gene region.
Distribution characteristics of DNA vaccine encoded with glycoprotein C from Anatid herpesvirus 1 with chitosan and liposome as deliver carrier in ducks
Authors: Sun Kunfeng , Li Xin , Jiang Jinfeng , Cheng Anchun , Wang Mingshu , Zhu Dekang , Jia Renyong , Chen Shun , Zhou Yi , Chen Xiaoyue , Wang Xiaoyu 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundA eukaryotic expression plasmid encoding glycoprotein C (gC) of Anatid herpesvirus 1 (AnHV-1) (pcDNA3.1-gC) was constructed and validated. The tissue distribution of chitosan/DNA complexes, liposome/DNA complexes and pcDNA3.1-gC alone were evaluated using a quantitative real-time PCR based TaqMan™ probe following intramuscular administration in ducklings.ResultsCompared with pcDNA3.1-gC alone, liposomes universally increased the plasmid DNA copy number at the injection sites, liver, spleen, heart, brain, bursa of Fabricius, and especially in the enteron (esophagus, duodenum, rectum, and cecum). Chitosan also universally increased the plasmid DNA copy number at the injection sites, liver, spleen, heart, brain and esophagus. Compared with lipoplex-gC, higher chitosan-gC plasmid DNA copy numbers were detected at the injection sites, liver, spleen, heart, brain and esophagus. In contrast, compared with lipoplex-gC, lower copy numbers of chitosan-gC plasmid DNA were detected in the duodenum, rectum and cecum.ConclusionsThe results of this study demonstrated that chitosan and liposomes mediated rapid and extensive plasmid distribution in duck tissues, with low levels maintained from 1 d after DNA vaccination.