bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Global Function of the Heart in Scleroderma Patients
Authors: Gerede Demet Menekse , Turhan Sibel , Hural Refika , Acıbuca Aynur , Kucuksahin Orhan , Ozcan Ozgur Ulas , Goksuluk Huseyin , Vurgun Veysel Kutay , Erol Cetin 
Published: September 2014

ObjectiveScleroderma is a connective tissue disease characterized by diffuse vascular lesions and fibrosis of the skin and major organs including lungs, kidneys, and heart. When cardiac involvement is clinically evident, it is recognized as a poor prognostic factor. The early detection of cardiac involvement in scleroderma would be desirable both for implementation of preventive measures in the early stages of the disease and for optimal treatment.MethodsLeft (LV) and right (RV) ventricular function were examined in 31 scleroderma patients and 21 healthy controls. Conventional and tissue Doppler echocardiography was used to evaluate systolic and diastolic function. Systolic indices including systolic (S) velocity, isovolumetric acceleration (IVA), ejection time (ET), and isovolumetric contraction time (IVCT) were measured. Early diastolic (E) velocity, late diastolic (A) velocity, E/A and E’/A’ ratios, isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT), and deceleration time (DT) were the diastolic measurements obtained. Myocardial performance index (Tei index) calculated by 2 different methods was used to assess global ventricular function.ResultsIn our study; mitral S velocity, biventricular ET, E’, E/A, E’/A’, RV IVA, LV IVA, and tricuspid S velocity were significantly lower in scleroderma patients. Mitral DT, IVCT, and biventricular IVRT, were significantly higher in scleroderma patients (P < 0.0001). In addition, RV and LV Tei indices were significantly increased in scleroderma patients compared with the control group (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.001, respectively).ConclusionsIn scleroderma patients, global function was depressed prior to the onset of clinical symptoms. Biventricular diastolic and systolic function abnormalities were also observed.
Treatment of guttural pouch tympany in foals with transnasalFoley catheter placement
Authors: Caston S. S. , Kersh K. D. , Reinertson E. L. , Cammack S. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryThis case series describes a technique to treat guttural pouch tympany that may be useful to equine practitioners. The objective of this work is to describe the treatment technique, outcome, possible complications and benefits. Data from a retrospective case series obtained by records review and follow‐up with owners and referring veterinarians were used.Foley catheters were placed into the guttural pouch using endoscopic guidance via the nasal passage, the balloon inflated and the catheter sutured to the external nares under tension. Foals were treated successfully with this method and complications were minor. This treatment method is a viable, low‐cost option for guttural pouch tympany in foals.
Dynamic testing of horseshoe designs at impact on synthetic and dirtThoroughbred racetrack materials
Authors: Mahaffey C. A. , Peterson M. L. , Thomason J. J. , McIlwraith C. W. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryReasons for performing studyDifferent horseshoe designs have been developed in an attempt to optimise footing for equine athletes. Horseshoe performance is assumed to be dependent on the surface and gait, but there are limited data on horseshoe performance on different surfaces, independent of gait variation.ObjectivesTo quantify the dynamic loading for 3 aluminium racing shoe designs onThoroughbred racetrack surface materials, using a biomechanical surface tester.Study designA flat racing plate, a serratedV‐Grip and a shoe with a 6 mm toe grab and 10 mm heel calks were tested on synthetic and dirt surfaces under typical operating conditions of temperature and moisture content for the respective material samples.MethodsSamples were tested under laboratory conditions, replicating a track surface by compacting material into a latex‐lined mould surrounded by silica sand for representative boundary conditions. Peak loading and loading rates were measured vertically and horizontally (craniocaudal), simulating aspects of primary and secondary impacts of the hoof in a galloping horse.ResultsMaximum vertical and shear loads and loading rates were not significantly different between shoe types, with the exception of a reduced craniocaudal loading rate for theV‐Grip shoe on the synthetic surface. All other statistical significance was related to the surface material.ConclusionsThese 3 different Thoroughbred racing shoes do not have a significant impact on loading and loading rate, with the exception of theV‐Grip shoe on a synthetic surface. Although theV‐Grip may reduce craniocaudal peak load rates in a synthetic material with relatively high wax and/or low oil content, the reduction in load rate is less than the difference found between materials. This study indicates that shoeing has little effect, and that a track's surface material and its preparation have a significant effect on the dynamic loading during the impact phase of the stance.
The where and how of faults, fluids and permeability – insights from fault stepovers, scaling properties and gold mineralisation
Authors: Micklethwaite S. , Ford A. , Witt W. , Sheldon H. A. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractFault stepovers are features where the main trace of a fault steps from one segment to the next in either an underlapping or overlapping manner. Stepovers exert a critical influence on crustal permeability and are known to control phenomena such as the migration of hydrocarbons and the location of geothermal fields. In the Kalgoorlie‐Ora Banda greenstone district, Western Australia, we demonstrate a spatial association between stepovers and gold deposits. It is shown that although underlapping stepover geometries are typically rare in fault systems, they are anomalously associated with gold deposits. Further, the along‐strike and across‐strike dimensions of both underlapping and overlapping fault stepovers fit, to a first‐order approximation, the same self‐similar trend. Boundary element modelling of Coulomb failure stress changes is used to explain these observations in terms of damage generated by rupture events on the bounding fault segments and associated aftershock sequences. Our models indicate that a larger region of damage and permeability enhancement is created around underlapping stepovers than around overlapping stepovers. By taking into account both the enhancement and decay of permeability during the seismic cycle, it is estimated that a 5 Moz goldfield could feasibly form in 1–16 earthquake‐aftershock sequences, potentially representing durations of just 10–8000 years. The existence of supergiant gold deposits is evidence that crustal permeability attains transiently high values on the order of 10−12 m2. It should be expected that transient and time‐integrated permeability values have a distinct three‐dimensional structure in continental crust due to stepover‐related channels.
FROM THE CABALA TO THE GLORIFICATION OF WOMAN: AGRIPPA VON NETTESHEIM'S DE NOBILITATE ET PRÆCELLENTIA FŒMINI SEXUS
Authors: Béhar Pierre 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTAgrippa von Nettesheim's De Nobilitate et præcellentia fœmini sexus (1509) is one of the most revolutionary manifestos of the Renaissance, since it not only sets out to demonstrate the superiority of the feminine over the male sex but does so through the cabalistic methods introduced by Johannes Reuchlin in De Verbo mirifico (1494). According to such teaching, the essence of all creatures was to be found in their Hebrew names, bestowed on them by God: so while Adam signifies ‘earth’, Eve's name is linked to the name Yahweh itself, and means ‘life’. Thus God had spoken, and so all further arguments employed by Agrippa – exegetic, moral, aesthetic, legal, medical and other discourses – gain strength from that decisive foundational argument. Agrippa's entire system of proof, not merely his principal argument, is thus diametrically opposed to scholastic tradition: all conventional authorities, from Aristotle onwards, are systematically ignored. Thus Agrippa joined in the querelle des femmes, ignited in the fifteenth century, and adopted many of its arguments in favour of women, but he importantly strengthened them with medical and cabalistic arguments. His work is the first Renaissance treatise whose methods derive so extensively from humanistic‐cabalistic principles.
HOHENZOLLERN WIVES AND A DAUGHTER: DEFINITIONS OF FEMININE DYNASTIC IDENTITY
Authors: Smart Sara 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTThe article is concerned with the norms that determine the presentation of dynastic women in the second half of the seventeenth century. It focuses on two wives and a daughter of the electors of Brandenburg, Dorothea (1636–89), second wife of Friedrich Wilhelm, Elisabeth Henriette (1661–83) first wife of Friedrich III, and their daughter Luise Dorothea Sophie (1680–1705). It examines their depiction in occasional writing and seeks to establish whether it is possible to identify a distinctive female Hohenzollern identity and the extent to which conventions, particularly the traditional association of the ‘Landesmutter’ with piety, determine their presentation as feminine ideals. The article concludes with an assessment of the impact of the establishment of the Hohenzollern kingship in Prussia on the presentation of Friedrich's second wife, Sophie Charlotte (1668–1705).
DIE SCHREIBWEISEN DER SOPHIE VON LA ROCHE
Authors: Meise Helga 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTThe article analyses the use of three different modes of writing (‘Schreibweisen’) by Sophie von La Roche (1730–1807). It is argued that at the beginning of her literary career La Roche wrote in a comic‐parodistic style, while moral‐didactic and hybrid writing are typical characteristics of her entire œuvre. La Roche's use of moral‐didactic and hybrid modes needs to be seen as one of the reasons for the growing marginalisation of the author at the end of the eighteenth century.
A structural equation model of environmental correlates of adolescent obesity for age and gender groups
Authors: Nesbit K. C. , Kolobe T. H. , Sisson S. B. , Ghement I. R. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryBackgroundThe relationships between environmental correlates of adolescent obesity are complex and not yet well defined by current research, especially when considering age and gender.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to test a model of proximal (home) and distal (neighbourhood) environmental correlates of obesity for adolescent age and gender groups.MethodsThis was a descriptive, cross‐sectional study, using the 2007 National Survey of Children's Health of 39 542 children ages 11–17 years.ResultsThe model fit the data well for early adolescents (ages 11–14 years) (root mean square standard error of approximation [RMSEA] 0.040, 90% confidence interval [CI]: 0.039–0.041; comparative fit index [CFI] 0.947; Tucker‐Lewis index [TLI] 0.929) and middle adolescents (ages 15–17 years) (RMSEA 0.037, 90% CI: 0.036–0.038; CFI 0.052; TLI 0.937). The model also fit the data well for boy adolescents (RMSEA 0.038, 90% CI: 0.037–0.039; CFI 0.951; TLI 0.935) and girl adolescents (RMSEA 0.038, 90% CI: 0.037–0.040; CFI 0.949; TLI 0.932).ConclusionsAll models provide loadings of the environmental correlates of adolescent obesity for specific age and gender groups that can be used for early identification of risks and targeted interventions.
Change in sleep duration and proposed dietary risk factors for obesity in Danish school children
Authors: Hjorth M. F. , Quist J. S. , Andersen R. , Michaelsen K. F. , Tetens I. , Astrup A. , Chaput J.‐P. , Sjödin A. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryBackgroundRecent cross‐sectional studies found higher consumption of energy‐dense foods among children with short sleep duration; however, longitudinal studies examining changes in sleep and diet over time are needed.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate prospective associations between changes in objectively measured sleep duration and alterations in proposed dietary risk factors for obesity in 8–11‐year‐old Danish children.MethodsFour hundred forty‐one children recorded dietary intake during seven consecutive days, along with accelerometer measurements estimating sleep duration at baseline and after ∼200 days.ResultsBaseline sleep duration did not predict changes in dietary intake or vice versa (all P ≥ 0.69). However, 1‐h lower sleep duration was associated with higher intake of added sugar (1.59 E%; P = 0.001) and sugar‐sweetened beverages (0.90 E%; P = 0.002) after 200 days with no change in energy density of the diet (P = 0.78).ConclusionOur results suggest that a negative change in sleep duration is associated with higher intakes of sugar containing foods/beverages.
Contemporary outcomes of seminal tract re‐anastomoses for obstructive azoospermia: A nationwide Japanese survey
Authors: Taniguchi Hisanori , Iwamoto Teruaki , Ichikawa Tomohiko , Nagai Atsushi , Okada Hiroshi , Fujisawa Masato , Tsujimura Akira , Shiraishi Koji , Hibi Hatsuki , Nagao Koichi , Iwasaki Akira , Kamba Tomomi , Tomomasa Hiroshi , Takada Shingo , Matsuda Tadashi ,   Male Infertility Surgical Forum in Japan
Published: September 2014

ObjectivesTo evaluate current outcomes of seminal tract re‐anastomoses in Japan, and to compare them with historical data.MethodsA total of 213 patients with obstructive azoospermia who underwent seminal tract re‐anastomosis from April 2008 to March 2012 at 25 institutions were enrolled in the present study. The outcomes of the procedure were compared with those reported in a previous multi‐institutional study carried out in 2000.ResultsThe percentage of partners aged over 35 years was 37%. A microsurgical double‐layer anastomosis was carried out 83.0% of the time. Sperm were observed in ejaculate postoperatively in 68.9% and 41.5% of patients who underwent a vasovasostomy or a vasoepididymostomy, respectively. Natural conception occurred in 27.5% of patients after a vasectomy and 32.3% of patients with an epididymal obstruction. Except for the ratio of natural conception in patients with vasal obstruction after herniorrhaphies, there were no significant differences in final ratios of sperm appearance and natural conception between the previously reported study and the present study.ConclusionsCompared with historical data, contemporary seminal tract re‐anastomosis in Japan seems to provide equivalent or better outcomes, depending on the cause of obstruction. Seminal tract re‐anastomosis is a valid treatment option for patients with obstructive azoospermia.
A role for mitochondria in antigen processing and presentation
Authors: Bonifaz Laura C. , Cervantes‐Silva Mariana P. , Ontiveros‐Dotor Elizabeth , López‐Villegas Edgar O. , Sánchez‐García F. Javier 
Published: September 2014

SummaryImmune synapse formation is critical for T‐lymphocyte activation, and mitochondria have a role in this process, by localizing close to the immune synapse, regulating intracellular calcium concentration, and providing locally required ATP. The interaction between antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) and T lymphocytes is a two‐way signalling process. However, the role of mitochondria in APCs during this process remains unknown. For APCs to be able to activate T lymphocytes, they must first engage in an antigen‐uptake, ‐processing and ‐presentation process. Here we show that hen egg white lysozyme (HEL) ‐loaded B lymphocytes, as a type of APC, undergo a small but significant mitochondrial depolarization by 1–2 hr following antigen exposure, suggesting an increase in their metabolic demands. Inhibition of ATP synthase (oligomycin) or mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) (Ruthenium red) had no effect on antigen uptake. Therefore, antigen processing and antigen presentation were further analysed. Oligomycin treatment reduced the amount of specific MHC–peptide complexes but not total MHC II on the cell membrane of B lymphocytes, which correlated with a decrease in antigen presentation. However, oligomycin also reduced antigen presentation by B lymphocytes, which endogenously express HEL and by B lymphocytes loaded with the HEL48–62 peptide, although to a lesser extent. ATP synthase inhibition and MCU inhibition had a clear inhibitory effect on antigen processing (DQ‐OVA). Taken together these results suggest that ATP synthase and MCU are relevant for antigen processing and presentation. Finally, APC mitochondria were found to re‐organize towards the APC–T immune synapse.
Processing of Dense ζ‐Ta4C3−x by Reaction Sintering of Ta and TaC Powder Mixture
Authors: Sygnatowicz Michael , Cutler Raymond A. , Shetty Dinesh K. 
Published: September 2014

Tantalum carbides are commonly processed by hot pressing, canned hot‐isostatic‐pressing, or spark plasma sintering because of their high melting temperatures and low diffusivities. This paper reports processing of dense ζ‐Ta4C3−x by reaction sintering of a Ta and TaC powder mixture (C/Ta atomic ratio = 0.66). ζ‐Ta4C3−x is of interest due to its rhombohedral (trigonal) crystal structure that may be characterized as a polytype with both face‐centered‐cubic and hexagonal‐close‐packed Ta stacking sequences interrupted by stacking faults and missing carbon layers. This structure leads to easy cleaving on the basal planes and high fracture toughness. A key step in processing is the hydrogenation of the Ta powder to produce β‐TaHx, a hard and brittle phase that enables efficient comminution during milling and production of small, equiaxed Ta particles that can be packed to high green density with the TaC powder. Studies of phase evolution by quantitative X‐ray diffraction during sintering revealed several intermediate reactions: (1) decomposition of β‐TaHx to Ta; (2) diffusion of C from γ‐TaC to Ta leading to the formation of α‐Ta2Cy' with the kinetics described by the Avrami equation with an exponent, n = 0.5, and an activation energy of 219 kJ/mole; (3) equilibration of α‐Ta2Cy' and γ‐TaC0.78 phases; and (4) formation of ζ‐Ta4C2.56 from the equilibrated α‐Ta2C and γ‐TaC0.78 phases with the kinetics characterized by a higher Avrami exponent (n ≈ 3) and higher activation energy (1007 kJ/mole). The sintered material contained ~0.86 weight fraction ζ‐Ta4C2.56 and ~0.14 weight fraction γ‐TaC0.78 phases. The microstructure showed evidence of nucleation and growth of the ζ‐Ta4C2.56 phase in both the α‐Ta2C and γ‐TaC0.78 parent phases with distinct difference in the morphology due to the different number of variants of the habit plane.
Radiofrequency ablation versus laser ablation for the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis: A randomized trial
Authors: Di Costanzo Giovan Giuseppe , Tortora Raffaella , D'Adamo Giuseppe , De Luca Massimo , Lampasi Filippo , Addario Luigi , Galeota Lanza Alfonso , Picciotto Francesco Paolo , Tartaglione Maria Teresa , Cordone Gabriella , Imparato Michele , Mattera Silvana , Pacella Claudio Maurizio 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackground and AimIn patients with cirrhosis and small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), thermal ablation is currently recognized as an effective local treatment. Among thermal procedures, radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is the most diffusely used and is the standard against which any new treatment should be compared. In retrospective studies, laser ablation (LA) resulted as safe and effective as RFA. Therefore, we performed a non‐inferiority randomized trial comparing RFA with LA in patients with cirrhosis and HCC within Milan criteria.MethodsOverall, 140 patients with 157 HCC nodules were randomly assigned to receive RFA or LA. The primary end‐point was the proportion of complete tumor ablation (CTA). Secondary end‐points were time to local progression (TTLP) and overall survival (OS).ResultsPer patient CTA rates after RFA and LA were 97.4% (95% CI, 91.0–99.3) and 95.7% (88.1–98.5), respectively (difference = 1.4%, 95% CI from −6.0% to + 9.0%). Per nodule CTA rates for RFA and LA were 97.4% (91.0–99.3) and 96.3% (89.6–98.7), respectively (difference = 1.1%, from −5.7% to + 8.1%). The mean TTLP was comparable between RFA group (42.0 months; 95% CI, 36.83–47.3) and LA group (46.7 months; 95% CI, 41.5–51.9) (P = .591). The mean OS was 42 months in both groups and survival probability at 1 and 3 years was 94% and 89% in RFA group, and 94% and 80% in LA group.ConclusionLA resulted not inferior to RFA in inducing the CTA of HCC nodules and therefore it should be considered as an evaluable alternative for thermal ablation of small HCC in cirrhotic patients.
STATE MERIT‐BASED FINANCIAL AID PROGRAMS AND COLLEGE ATTAINMENT
Authors: Sjoquist David L. , Winters John V. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the effects of state merit‐based student aid programs on college attendance and degree completion. Our primary analysis uses microdata from the 2000 United States Census and 2001–2010 American Community Survey to estimate the effects of exposure to merit programs on educational outcomes for 25 states that adopted such programs by 2004. We also utilize administrative data for the University System of Georgia to look more in depth at the effects of exposure to the HOPE Scholarship on degree completion. We find strong consistent evidence that exposure to state merit aid programs have no meaningfully positive effect on college completion.
Determining Children's Perceptions, Opinions and Attitudes for Sliced Sandwich Breads
Authors: Jervis M.G. , Jervis S.M. , Guthrie B. , Drake M.A. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the ideal whole grain bread product for children (8–17 years) using a survey and conjoint analysis. Focus groups (three focus groups, n = 23), emotional response and appearance liking surveys (n = 172), and an adaptive choice‐based conjoint survey (n = 173) were conducted with children. Across elementary, middle and high school‐aged children, children preferred bread with a light crumb (inside of the bread), a light crust and no topping or added textures or visual cues in the crumb. Children had generally negative feelings for breads with dark‐colored crumb and crust, but had generally positive feelings for breads with light‐colored crumb and crust. Breads with white crumb were liked more than bread with dark crumb, regardless of crumb particles, crust or crust topping. Crust color had no impact on overall appearance liking score. These results demonstrate that regardless of age, children like soft breads with light‐colored crumb and crust with no fillings or toppings.Practical ApplicationsIncreased consumption of whole grain breads is an effective technique in decreasing obesity in American children. Children's likings of bread products have an inverse relationship with whole grain versus refined grain content. This study demonstrated that development of a whole grain bread product that is desirable to children in both visual appearance and taste is an important step toward increased whole grain consumption by children and that images of attributes and a conjoint analysis in a survey format can be effectively utilized by children to measure their desires.