bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aptamer photoregulation in vivo
Authors: Li Lele , Tong Rong , Chu Hunghao , Wang Weiping , Langer Robert , Kohane Daniel S. 
Published: November 2014

Significance
The importance of this research is in the demonstration of the spatiotemporal regulation of aptamer activity in vitro and in vivo that can be achieved by a photo-triggered strategy. The aptamer’s cell-binding capability was blocked by hybridization with a photo-cleavable complementary oligonucleotide. Irradiation at the tumor site liberated the aptamer from the duplex, leading to prolonged intratumoral retention. Furthermore, the relative distribution of the aptamer to the tumor was enhanced in relation to uptake by the liver and kidneys. Our strategy may provide an approach to improving the therapeutic indices of aptamer-based medicines.
Nitric oxide regulates synaptic transmission between spiny projection neurons
Authors: Sagi Yotam , Heiman Myriam , Peterson Jayms D. , Musatov Sergei , Scarduzio Mariangela , Logan Stephen M. , Kaplitt Michael G. , Surmeier Dalton J. , Heintz Nathaniel , Greengard Paul 
Published: November 2014

Significance
The function of the basal ganglia relies on striatal spiny projecting neurons (SPNs). Axon collaterals of these GABAergic neurons form connections with other SPNs as a means of a feedback inhibition circuit. The mechanisms that regulate neurotransmission at these local synapses remain poorly understood. In this paper, neurotransmission at SPN collaterals is found to be regulated by the gaseous neurotransmitter nitric oxide, which activates a signal-transduction cascade that transcriptionally regulates vesicular GABA transporter specifically at axon collaterals. These findings illustrate a previously unidentified role for nitric oxide in striatal learning and action selection.
Putting the Red Back in Redfish Lake, 20 Years of Progress Toward Saving the Pacific Northwest's Most Endangered Salmon Population
Authors: Kline Paul A , Flagg Thomas A 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT
In November 1991, the U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service listed Snake River Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) as endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA). The last known remnants of the Snake River stock return to Redfish Lake in the Sawtooth Valley in central Idaho. In the ensuing two decades since the ESA listing, many actions have been taken to conserve the population, including the initiation of a hatchery-based gene rescue program. The chief aim of this article is to describe the development and implementation of hatchery-based gene rescue activities, review present-day release strategies and associated adult returns, and describe a new effort underway to expand program production to more effectively address recolonization and local adaptation objectives. In addition, we describe achievable population triggers to allow the transition from a hatchery-based effort to a habitat-based effort that should allow natural population recovery to proceed.
RESUMEN
En noviembre de 1991, el Servicio Nacional de Pesquerías Marinas de los Estados Unidos de Norteamérica, ingresó al salmón (Oncorhynchus nerka) en el Acta de Especies Amenazadas de los Estados Unidos (AEA) bajo la categoría de amenazado. Los últimos remanentes conocidos del stock del Río Snake, regresaron al Lago Redfish, Valle Sawtooth, en la porción central de Idaho. Dos décadas después de haber ingresado esta especie al acta, se han llevado a cabo varias acciones tendientes a conservar a la población, entre las que se incluye el inicio de un programa de rescate genético. El objetivo del presente trabajo es describir el desarrollo e implementación de actividades de rescate genético basado en cultivos, revisar las estrategias actuales de liberación y posterior retorno de adultos y describir la nueva iniciativa de expandir el programa de producción para abordar de forma más efectiva la recolonización y los objetivos de adaptación local. Adicionalmente, se describe cómo se usarán detonantes poblacionales que permitan una transición entre esfuerzos basados en cultivos y esfuerzos basados en hábitats con el fin de facilitar la recuperación de las poblaciones.
A new construction of Moufang quadrangles of type 𝐸₆,𝐸₇ and 𝐸₈
Authors: Boelaert Lien , De Medts Tom 
Published: November 2014

In the classification of Moufang polygons by J. Tits and R. Weiss, the most intricate case is by far the case of the exceptional Moufang quadrangles of type

E
6

E_6

,

E
7

E_7

and

E
8

E_8

, and in fact, the construction that they present is ad-hoc and lacking a deeper explanation. We will show how tensor products of two composition algebras can be used to construct these Moufang quadrangles in characteristic different from 2.

As a byproduct, we will obtain a method to construct any Moufang quadrangle in characteristic different from 2 from a module for a Jordan algebra.
Mill’s On Liberty and the Modern “Harm to Others” Principle
Authors: Harcourt Bernard E 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
John Stuart Mill’s famous statement of the harm principle in his “Introductory” to On Liberty—pulled out of context and denuded of Mill’s sophisticated philosophical treatment—became a foundational reference of Anglo-American criminal law and helped shape the course of penal legislation, enforcement, and theory during the twentieth century. Known as the “harm to others” principle, Mill’s simple sentence emerged, in the hands of Hart, Feinberg, Wechsler, and other liberal legal thinkers at mid-century, as the critical principle used to shield individuals from the legal enforcement of morals legislation—including, most notably, penal laws against homosexual conduct, commercial sex, illicit drugs, and other behaviors that came to be known as “moral vices” for some and “victimless crimes” for others. “Harm to others” became, in the 1970s and 1980s, the defining criteria of liberal thinkers in the debate over the proper scope of the criminal law and the legitimate reach of the State—as evidenced, perhaps most notably, by the lead volume of Feinberg’s magisterial and influential treatise on The Moral Limits of Criminal Law, titled “Harm to Others,” published in 1984. In an article published in 1999, titled “The Collapse of the Harm Principle,” I argued that the modern harm principle, had collapsed under the weight of its own success and no longer serves, today, as a limiting principle on the legal enforcement of morality. This chapter returns to the argument to draw an important distinction and clarify a central point. The thesis of collapse continues to shed light on contemporary debates over the legal regulation of morality. Today, the hegemony of the modern harm principle, developed by liberal legal thinkers at mid-twentieth century, continues to generate a proliferation of harm arguments, and the competing claims of non-trivial harms have effectively neutralized the limiting function of the harm principle. It demonstrates the continued vitality of the argument by exploring the recent Supreme Court decision on same-sex marriage, United States v Windsor, which, is argued, reflects perfectly the collapse of the harm principle.
Pashukanis and Public Protection
Authors: Ramsay Peter 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Through a critique of Evgeny Pashukanis’s Marxist theory of criminal law, this chapter seeks to identify the historical conditions for the emergence of the victim as the key normative figure in criminal justice policy. It argues that the vulnerability of subjects defined as victims provides the normative foundation of the contemporary laws of public protection. This represents a reversal of the classical legal ideology of the abstract legal subject. Pashukanis explicitly ruled out the possibility of laws of the contemporary type, and exploring his error on this point exposes a one-sidedness in his presentation of the commodity form theory of law. Vulnerable subjects are defined by their dependence on other subjects and the basis of this vulnerability can be found in the exchange relations between commodity owners. The historical reasons for this reversal of the classical legal ideology are described and the implications for abolitionist criminal law theory considered.
Günther Jakobs’s Feindstrafrecht
Authors: Ohana Daniel 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
When Jakobs first presented his theory of the “criminal law of the enemy” (Feindstrafrecht) at the turn of the millennium, the ensuing debate drew much attention across Continental Europe. Following the initial wave of interest in Feindstrafrecht, it is now possible to give it a more sober assessment by carefully situating it within the broader framework of the communicative theory of criminal law and punishment which Jakobs has developed. After an overview of the evolution of the theory of the criminal law of the enemy in Jakobs’ work, the chapter presents the main features of his communicative account of the criminal law as a mechanism which generates and stabilizes normative expectations, thereby facilitating everyday social interaction. It analyzes the underlying conceptual commonalities linking Jakobs’s communicative theory and Feindstrafrecht, while tracing the dialectical interplay between freedom, law-abidingness, and coercion in his account of inclusion and exclusion within the criminal law.
The expression of standard negation
Authors: Breitbarth Anne 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis chapter investigates the development of the expression of standard negation in historical Low German. Standard negation is taken to mean (one of) the productive means to reverse the truth value of a proposition in a language. It is shown that Old Low German uses a preverbal particle ‘ni/ne’ to express standard negation, and that it does not yet have a conventionalized reinforcer of the expression of negation, though there are incipient adverbial uses of the (negative) indefinite ‘(n)iowiht’ ‘any-/nothing’. In Middle Low German, the standard negator is ‘nicht’, while the old preverbal particle ‘ne/en’ is no longer capable of expressing negation on its own and soon disappears from negative clauses in the corpus. The present chapter statistically analyses the language-internal and language-external factors influencing this loss.
Teaching the I Ching (Book of Changes)
Authors: Redmond Geoffrey , Hon Tze-Ki 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
This book is about the Book of Changes, arguably the most important of the Chinese ancient classics. Its earliest portions were composed early in the first millennium BCE. These are referred to as the Zhouyi, while the received version that includes the canonical commentaries is referred to as the Yijing (I Ching). Many university faculties find the Changes difficult to teach because of its seeming obscurity. For this reason it often has not received the attention it deserves. The present work provides an in-depth background for teaching the Yijing, or for beginning serious study. It was developed in response to audience requests made at a major academic conference. The Changes began as a divination manual, but from the Warring States onward was also regarded as a book of wisdom. Mythology attributed its origins to Fu Xi, King Wen, the Duke of Zhou, and Confucius. Many of China’s most renowned philosophers provided commentaries, including Wang Bi, Shao Yong, and Zhu Xi. These traditional views were challenged by the influential early twentieth-century Doubting Antiquity movement. During the Cultural Revolution the Changes was initially condemned as feudal and later extolled as consistent with Marxism. Critical philology has reconstructed the earliest meanings, and study of newly excavated texts has further deepened our knowledge of the Changes. References to women in the Zhouyi are covered in detail. The Yijing’s reception in the West and its influence on psychology and esotericism are discussed. Also provided is a detailed reader’s guide through the challenges of reading the classic, including evaluation of the major translations and instructions for divination.
The Yijing as China Enters the Modern Age
Authors: Redmond Geoffrey , Hon Tze-ki 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Similar to other Confucian classics, the Yijing was condemned and ignored during the height of anti-Confucianism from the 1920s to the 1970s. Yet, due to its multiple textual layers and its broad scope, the Yijing has been a driving force of many intellectual discussions in recent and contemporary China. Before 1949, it was the textual basis for discussing the republican form of government, the development of modern science in China, and the moral tradition in East Asia. After 1949 it was the focus for discussing archaeological findings, the chronology of ancient China, and pseudo-science. In the 1980s and early 1990s, as part of the “culture craze” and the “national learning craze,” the Yijing was widely studied and discussed in mainland China. With the establishment of international centers and professional journals, the Yijing has once again become a vital part of contemporary Chinese cultural life. This chapter provides a succinct summary of how the Yijing has been a vital part of the Chinese quest for modernity.
Predicting the Future for the Yijing
Authors: Redmond Geoffrey , Hon Tze-ki 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Use of the Yijing in both China and the West has followed two paths. On the one hand, there is critically rigorous scholarship aimed at deepening our knowledge of the origins of the classic and its capacity to reinvent itself many times over during its more than 2,000 years of commentarial history. On the other hand, there is the practice of using the Changes as an aid to decision making and for inspiration and spiritual growth. These two often overlap—some modern practitioners become scholars, and some who began as scholars become practitioners. For specialists, there are several promising areas for research activity, particularly the continuing study of excavated manuscripts and their comparison, something for which digital technology holds promise. In the wider culture, the Yijing may lack the “cool” factor it had in the 1960s, but it is a work of considerable profundity and as such has a future in world literature. In the words of Carl Jung, it continues to speak to “thoughtful and reflective people who like to think about what they do and what happens to them.”
XenoSite server: a web-available site of metabolism prediction tool
Authors: Matlock Matthew K. , Hughes Tyler B. , Swamidass S. Joshua 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Summary: Cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450s) are metabolic enzymes that process the majority of FDA-approved, small-molecule drugs. Understanding how these enzymes modify molecule structure is key to the development of safe, effective drugs. XenoSite server is an online implementation of the XenoSite, a recently published computational model for P450 metabolism. XenoSite predicts which atomic sites of a molecule—sites of metabolism (SOMs)—are modified by P450s. XenoSite server accepts input in common chemical file formats including SDF and SMILES and provides tools for visualizing the likelihood that each atomic site is a site of metabolism for a variety of important P450s, as well as a flat file download of SOM predictions.
Availability and implementation: XenoSite server is available at http://swami.wustl.edu/xenosite.
Contact: swamidass@wustl.edu
One-stage Posterior Spinal Osteotomy in Severe Spinal Deformities
Authors: Xia Lei , Li Ning , Wang Dan , Liu Ming , Li Jun-wei , Bao De-ming , Li Peng 
Published: November 2014

Study Design:
This is a retrospective study.

Objectives:
The treatment of severe spinal deformities is still a difficult surgical challenge. It is generally significant to identify the related complications performed to a consecutive series of patients with severe spinal deformity and managed by 1-stage posterior spinal osteotomy.

Summary of Background Data:
We investigated data from 147 consecutive patients (75 males and 72 females) with severe deformity and managed by Smith-Petersen osteotomy, pedicle subtraction osteotomy, or vertebral column resection between years 2006 and 2012 with >2-year follow-up. Mean age was 21.2 (range, 14–51 y) years at operation.

Materials and Methods:
The patients underwent standing anteroposterior and lateral radiography before and after scoliosis surgery. Age, sex, diagnosis, surgical approach and centrum, all the related complications, treatment, and preoperative and postoperative Cobb angle in the coronal and sagittal planes were recorded at final follow-up.

Results:
There were 17 (11.6%) cases with complications in 147 patients, including spinal cord–related complications in 7 cases (4.8%), superior mesenteric artery syndrome in 5 cases (3.4%), broken rod and unstable screw hat in 3 cases (2.0%), and infection in 2 cases (1.4%). Among the 17 cases, 15 cases recovered completely and 2 cases recovered partially.

Conclusions:
The total complication rate of severe spinal deformity after 1-stage posterior spinal osteotomy without fusion was about 11.6%. Except for the major complication of neurological deficit, spine surgeon should also pay more attention on other related complications, especially superior mesenteric artery syndrome. Large-scale and long-term follow-up was warranted to find out more subjective complication rates.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV—prognostic study (see the guidelines for a complete description of levels of evidence).
Service-users’ experiences of interpreters in psychological therapy: a pilot study
Authors: Costa Beverley , Briggs Stephen 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
– Working across languages is playing an increasingly important role in the delivery of mental health services, notably through psychotherapy and psychological therapies. Growing awareness of the complex processes that ensue in working across languages, including the presence and role of an interpreter, is generating new conceptualisations of practice, but there is a need now to evidence how these impact on service users. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper discusses the model for working with interpretation developed by Mothertongue multi-ethnic counselling service, which conceptualises the therapeutic process as working within triangular relationships consisting of service user, therapist and interpreter. Second, the paper discusses the qualitative, practice-near methods applied in, and findings from a pilot study to evaluate the interpreter's role.

Findings
– Three patterns of response to interpreters were identified: negative impacts on the therapy, the interpreter as conduit for therapy and the therapist and interpreter jointly demonstrating a shared enterprise. It is concluded that the method and findings of the pilot justify a larger study that will further evaluate the experiences of service users and continue to develop and test conceptualisations for best practice.

Originality/value
– Working across languages is now recognised as an increasingly important aspect of therapy in contexts where migration has created new demographics. This paper contributes to the discussion of working therapeutically with people with mental health difficulties across languages. Its originality lies, first, in the discussion of a new clinical approach to working with interpreters, and second in the methods used to access the views of service users about their experiences of interpreters.
Achieving customer loyalty through service excellence in internet industry
Authors: Thaichon Paramaporn , Lobo Antonio , Mitsis Ann 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
– This paper aims to investigate the antecedents to attitudinal and behavioural loyalty of customers of Internet service providers (ISPs). In addition, this study endeavours to identify the relationship between overall service quality and cognitive as well as affective evaluations of customers. An assessment of service quality dimensions is also included to fill the void of research on modelling service quality in high tech services.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper reviews the most cited articles on the topic published in academic journals with a view to identify dimensions that customers use to evaluate the quality of a service providers, and to determine loyalty formation through customer cognitive and affective evaluations in Internet industry.

Findings
– The exogenous constructs of the conceptual model include influential factors such as network quality, customer service, information support and security which make up the perception of overall service quality. The endogenous constructs include cognitive and affective determinants such as customers’ trust, satisfaction, commitment, value and resultants – attitudinal loyalty and behavioural loyalty.

Originality/value
– The study proposes that by enhancing service quality, firms can influence customers’ satisfaction, trust, commitment and value, and ultimately loyalty, which are critical for an ISP’s success and long-term sustainability. Moreover, applying the findings of this study, ISPs can strategise in making customers more central in their day to day operations, which would create competitive advantage for the companies.
Expected service quality of utility stores in Pakistan
Authors: Kashif Muhammad , Abdul Rehman Mohsin 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this study is to present the Generation X and Generation Y customers’ expectations of utility retail stores in an Asian setting of Pakistan Research studies that advocate a cross-generational perspective to retail service quality have been limited.

Design/methodology/approach
– Sketching through a naturalistic paradigm, data for this exploratory study is collected from 80 retail shoppers through face-to-face interviews. The data is noted, coded and presented through the genre of service marketing mix theory.

Findings
– There are significant differences with regards to variety of products offered and time consumed during shopping have been found between generational cohorts belonging to Generation X and Generation Y customers. However, there are a few similarities noted between the two types of customers that challenge the traditional perspective of retail service marketing mix theory.

Originality/value
– The study is an original contribution towards explaining the retail service quality construct from cross-generational marketing perspective. Pragmatically, the utility stores have never been the subject matter for service quality studies in countries such as Pakistan.