bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data analysis of the smart sports injury registry for high school athletes
Authors: Jang S , Liller KD , Morris B , Konin J , Wong S 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundDue to the lack of comprehensive high school athletes' sports injury surveillance data in Florida, an injury registry was developed by the Sports Medicine and Athletic Related Trauma Institute (SMART) of the University of South Florida (USF), utilising Simtrak software. Data are collected by SMART-hired certified athletic trainers (ATCs) placed in Florida high schools.Aims/Objectives/PurposeThe purpose of this study is to provide the latest surveillance data (2010–2011) for injured high school athletes from the two large public high schools that have participated in the project since 2007.MethodsThe ATCs collected practice and competition exposure, injury, and treatment data for leading high school sports. Data were analyzsd using Excel and SAS (V.9.2) at USF.Results/OutcomesThe ATCs supervised 713 athletes and were present at 1142 practices and 225 games. The leading rate of injury per 1000 athlete exposures for practices was for spring football (6.69), followed by football (2.97), and men's soccer (2.21). For competitions, the injury rates were greatest for women's track (12.4) followed by flag football (10.5), and football (9.82). Nearly 25% of the injuries were from students playing multiple sports. Sprains and strains were the leading injuries and leading body sites injured were the ankles, knees, and head.Significance/Contribution to the FieldThe results of the SMART injury surveillance have led to targeted sports injury interventions and enhanced health of athletes.
Pool fencing—can Australia go much further?
Authors: Franklin RC , Peden A , Watt K , Peter P Leggat 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundEffective pool fencing legislation is a cornerstone of child drowning prevention, but can Australia improve further?Aims/Objective/PurposeA) Estimate the prevalence of swimming pools per 100 households and children under 5 years per household swimming pool in Queensland.B) Explore perceptions regarding effectiveness of updated pool fencing legislation in Queensland.MethodsData from the 2011 Queensland Social Survey (QSS)—were used and additional questions asked were: ‘How many children under the age of 5 years reside at your residence?’; ‘Do you have a swimming pool at your residence?; ‘How effective do you think that tightening the pool fencing legislation will be in reducing child drowning deaths?’Results/OutcomeThere were 1265 respondents (response rate=32%). 26 per 100 households had a swimming pool. 11.4% of households with a pool also had children under 5 years. 57% of respondents believed tightening pool fencing legislation would be effective in reducing child drowning deaths (22% ‘very effective’ 35% ‘effective’), 40% of respondents were either unsure or doubtful. Pool owners were significantly more likely to doubt the effectiveness of tightening the legislation. Perceptions of effectiveness of the legislation did not differ as a function of the presence of children under 5 years (p>0.5).Significance/Contribution to the FieldBetween 1 July 2008 and 30 June 2011 there were fourteen children who drowned in home swimming pools in Queensland, a rate of 1.7 per 10 000 home swimming pools per annum. Pool owners were less likely to think that tightening the legislation would be effective.
Cutcut project: a response to the prevention of child drowning in the Philippines
Authors: Rolloque A , Consunji R , Perez MT , Alcantra M , Azas PD 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundDrowning is the second leading cause of death for Filipino children 1–14-years-old. It kills more children than tuberculosis, malnutrition, diarrhoea, cancer or meningitis. 31% of all injury deaths among children 14-years-old and below are caused by drowning.Aims/Objectives/PurposeTo be able to get data from local and national sources that will help develop widespread drowning prevention programmes and interventions in the country.MethodsSafe Kids Philippines conducted a survey questionnaire on children to show their attitudes and perceptions on swimming and playing in Cutcut Creek, considered a dangerous waterway by the community.Results/OutcomesChildren admitted to swimming in the creek without their parents' knowledge and permission. 59% disclosed that they would swim in the creek when it would swell after it rained. Data showed that 11 or 85% were males while only two (2) or 15% were females whose ages ranged from 5 to 14-years-old. Of those who did not swim in the creek, four (4) were males and four (4) were females; six belonged to ages 5 to 9 and only two (2) were 10 to 14 years of age. To prevent the children from going into the creek, SKP put permanent barriers and donated warning signs to the community.Significance/Contribution to the FieldThe endeavour of Safe Kids Philippines is a contribution in compliance to the Regional Framework for Action on Injury and Violence Prevention of 2008–2013 initiated by the DOH which has identified drowning prevention as a priority issue.
Coastal drowning deaths in Australia: Is a 50% reduction by 2020 within reach?
Authors: Sherker Shauna , Brighton Barbara , Thompson Matt 
Published: October 2012

ObjectiveTo describe coastal drowning death in Australia and to assess compliance with the Australian Water Safety Strategy (AWSS) drowning reduction targets.DesignA retrospective epidemiological review of all coastal drowning deaths in Australia from 1 July 2004 and 30 June 2011. Data was collected from the National Coroners Information System, Surf Life Saving Australia Incident Report Database (SurfGuard) and Media Monitors. Drowning projections to 2020 were estimated and tested against AWSS drowning reduction targets.ResultsThe number of coastal drowning deaths in Australia from 2004–2011 was 625, or on average 89 deaths per year.The average annual drowning rate was 0.42 per 100 000 population. Most deaths were male (85.1%) and aged 20–39 years (36.4%). Most occurred in NSW (40.6%), Queensland (15.9%) and Victoria (14.8%). Common activities undertaken at the time of drowning were swimming/wading (34.1%), boating (17.6%) and rock fishing (12.4%).Of the swimming/wading related drowning, 42% involved a rip current. The projected coastal drowning rate for 2020 is 0.27 per 100 000 pop., which is a 44% reduction from the baseline coastal drowning rate of 0.48 per 100 000 pop.ConclusionsIn Australia, coastal drowning deaths are over-represented in swimming/wading, boating, and rock fishing activities. If the current trend continues, the AWSS goal of a 50% reduction in coastal drowning deaths by 2020 will not be achieved. Efforts in coastal drowning prevention must be increased. A strong focus on providing quality lifesaving services and promoting a safe coastal aquatic environment is warranted. Public education regarding rip currents, boating and fishing safety is essential.
Bath mat drowning prevention project
Authors: Campbell S , Robinson C 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundWater presents a potentially life threatening hazard for young children in and around the home and in the wider community. Preschool children have one of the highest drowning rates of all New Zealanders with a lack of appropriate adult supervision being the primary cause of drowning incidents.In the 5 years (2007–2011) 47 children under the age of 5 years have drowned. 53% of these drownings occurred in the home environment, predominantly a home swimming pool or the bath.Water Safety New Zealand has partnered with Plunket in developing a campaign to create greater awareness and educate parents and caregivers on the importance of water safety for young children.AimsReduce water related injuries and drowning in children under 5 in New Zealand and increase awareness for the need for constant supervision of these children in and around water.MethodDelivery of a non-slip bath/shower mat with the bilingual message, ALWAYS SUPERVISE CHILDREN AROUND WATER—ALWAYS—‘Tiakina ngā tamariki ki te taha wai i ngā wā katoa’, to each family at the 5 month check with the Plunket Nurse combined with a discussion about water safety.Follow up discussion takes place at the next contact between nurse and family.ResultsOver 100 000 mats delivered and drowning prevention conversations initiated with whanau. Evaluation has shown the campaign is effective. The bath mat is widely used, communicates a vital water safety message directly to new parents and is instrumental in positive attitude change.
Modifications of coin cells with anti-ingestion and encapsulation design features
Authors: Midgett J , Lee D 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundEmergency department-treated injuries caused by ingesting coin batteries have increased two-and-a-half times in the USA since 1998. Victims are usually small children. Batteries (particularly 20 mm or greater) can lodge in the oesophagus and generate hydroxide from surrounding fluids, which can produce life-threatening injuries in 2 h. Given the widespread use of coin batteries in consumer products, a multifaceted approach to injury prevention is required.ObjectiveWe will demonstrate coin battery concepts that could deter ingestion or slow hydroxide formation after ingestion.MethodsA battery with folding appendages made of sheet materials that flex outwards when the battery is removed from a device would have a greater surface area and sharper edges, which would deter ingestion. In another strategy, batteries could be insulated, sealing the battery until it is inserted into a coordinating battery compartment. This could slow or eliminate hydroxide formation. Modifications to battery compartments also may be needed. Batteries could be retrofitted for use in existing devices that lack coordinating battery compartments.SignificanceThese strategies could save lives by reducing the likelihood of ingesting coin batteries or providing more time for medical intervention once swallowed. The need for consumers to retrofit batteries for their existing devices would enhance public awareness of the hazard.
Coin-sized Lithium batteries pose an emerging global burn risk to children
Authors: Kate Carr , Eric Chalmers , Ann Weaver , Pamela Fuselli , Angela Mickalide 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundAbout 3500 button battery swallowing cases are reported to poison control centres in the USA each year and are an emerging risk worldwide. The most serious cases involve nickel-sized 20 mm lithium batteries which are found in remotes, key fobs, greeting cards, children's books, scales, and other common household items. These batteries can get stuck in the child's throat and burn through the oesophagus in as little as 2 h. Repairing the damage is painful and can require feeding tubes, breathing tubes and multiple surgeries. In some cases, children have died.PurposeThe aim of this study is to measure parental awareness of the danger associated with button batteries and describe prevention campaigns underway in four countries.MethodsA total of 557 USA parents of children ages six and under were interviewed online during February/March 2012.ResultsMore than two-thirds of parents surveyed (68%) feel that button batteries pose a high level of danger. After learning about this issue, parents say they are highly likely to keep devices with button batteries out of reach of children (82%) secure devices with battery compartments (79%) and encourage other parents to do the same (66%).ConclusionsAs coin-sized lithium batteries became more widely used in household products, Safe Kids Worldwide member countries have partnered on a campaign called The Battery Controlled to raise awareness and change behaviour among adult caregivers about this little-known and emerging risk to small children.
United Nations community policing in conflicted area of Darfur Sudan
Authors: Khoso Ajmal Khan 
Published: October 2012

ObjectivesTo elaborate community policing model used in conflicted area of Darfur Sudan.MethodsThe study is based upon the UN Security Council resolutions and policy documents of Police of United Nations and African Union Mission in Darfur. The mechanism and procedure of community policing will be elaborated.ResultsThe UN community policing model is based upon collaboration of local police with the community and capacity building of police to improve policing standard. Community policing is an effective tool of monitoring and reducing crime and violence in the conflict affected area.ConclusionsThere is greater need for improvement of Community Policing in conflicted areas to improve human rights standard by means of effective linkage between Police and IDPS and capacity building of Police.
Prevalence of frequent fighting among youth: a cross-national comparison of 39 countries
Authors: Monica Swahn , Lindsay Gressard , Huang Yao , Jane Palmier , Melissa Haberlen 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundExisting youth violence research lacks an understanding of youth who engage in frequent physical fighting (>12 times per year).ObjectiveUsing nationally representative samples of youth, this study examined the prevalence of ‘frequent fighting’ across 39 countries.MethodsAnalyses were based on the Global School-based Student Health Survey of school-attending youth supported by the WHO and the CDC. US data from the Youth Risk Behaviour Survey were included for comparison. The surveys were conducted between 2003 and 2009 and each country dataset included more than 1000 students and was weighted to be nationally representative. Countries were categorised into the following regions: Africa, the Americas, Europe, the Eastern Mediterranean, South East Asia, and the Western Pacific. One-way ANOVA was used to determine regional differences in frequent fighting prevalence.ResultsAmong the 39 countries used in analyses, the prevalence of frequent fighting was highest in Tunisia (8.4%) and lowest in Myanmar (0.5%). One-way ANOVA and post hoc testing determined that the prevalence of frequent fighting varies significantly by region (F(2, 28)=4.12, p<0.05), with the Eastern Mediterranean having a significantly higher prevalence of frequent fighting than the Americas (p<0.05). The percentage of fighters that reported frequent fighting also varied significantly by region (F(2,28)=3.36, p<0.05), with the Eastern Mediterranean having a higher percentage of frequent fighters than Africa (p<0.05).SignificanceThe prevalence of frequent fighting varied substantially across the 39 countries examined. More cross-national research is needed to better understand the context of frequent fighting and to inform youth violence prevention efforts.
Poison injury surveillance recommendations from the US safe states alliance's injury surveillance workgroup
Authors: Margaret Warner , Amber Williams 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundPoisoning is the leading cause of injury mortality in the USA, the tenth leading cause of nonfatal injuries seen in emergency departments and a rising concern for public health. The purpose of the Safe State's Alliance's Poison Injury Surveillance Workgroup (ISW) was to promote improved surveillance around poisoning in the USA with an emphasis on drug poisonings.MethodsThe ISW was convened by the US Safe States Alliance and composed of approximately 15 expert members from private, state, federal, and national organisations. The workgroup met from mid 2009 to early 2012, primarily via teleconference, to develop consensus based recommendations for the surveillance of poisonings.Results/OutcomesThe workgroup developed conceptual definitions of poisoning and drug poisoning and recommendations for improving poison surveillance in the US at the national, state and local levels.SignificanceGaps in the surveillance of poisonings have been recognised which have impacted poisoning prevention and evaluation efforts. Historically, tracking of fatal and nonfatal poisonings has often been limited to the use of ICD external-cause-of-injury codes and exposure data from poison control centres. The long-term goal of the surveillance recommendations is to standardise definitions and practices among groups working to address unintentional poisonings, especially poisonings that are drug-related and provide a standard method for public health officials to understand the magnitude of the problem in their jurisdiction. This information can then be used for improved intervention planning and evaluation.
Effects of gender, indigenous status, and remoteness to health services on the occurrence of assault-related injuries in children and adolescents
Authors: Fumiko Irie , Jacelle Lang , Melissa Kaltner , Robyne Le Brocque , Justin Kenardy 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundAssault-related injury is a devastating consequence of violence and is a prominent cause of morbidity and mortality in young age. However, reliable data sources are scarce and there has been a paucity of studies examining possible predisposing factors on the incidence of assault-related injury.AimsTo examine the effect of gender, indigenous status and remoteness to health services on sustaining assault-related injuries in patients aged 17 years and under in Queensland, Australia.MethodsLogistic regression analyses were conducted using data from the state-wide trauma registry from 2005 to 2008.Results282 assault-related injury cases were identified. Indigenous females were at the highest risk of sustaining assault-related injuries (OR: 15.3, 95% CI 8.17 to 28.6), followed by Indigenous males (OR: 6.55, 95% CI 3.60 to 11.9) and non-indigenous males (OR: 2.82, 95% CI 1.78 to 4.47). Adolescent males aged between 13–17 years were at a significantly higher risk than adolescent females of assault-related injury (OR: 2.11, 95% CI 1.34 to 3.31). For non-indigenous people, living in a regional area was associated with a lower risk of assault-related injury compared to major cities (OR: 0.59, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.78). Indigenous people were at higher risk of sustaining an assault-related injury than non-indigenous people in regional areas (OR: 4.8, 95% CI 3.14 to 7.42) and in remote areas (OR: 10.1, 95% CI 2.64 to 38.69).Contribution to the FieldThe current study provides evidence of interaction effects among the predisposing factors of interest and the likelihood of sustaining assault-related injury. Identifying these interactions is important for the development of effective preventive measures and trauma management plans focusing on high-risk groups who are most likely to sustain assault-related injuries in young age.
The development of the community's participation process for being safety community: case study: Baan Kor, Moo 3, Baan Kor sub-district, Muang district, Khon Kaen province, Thailand
Authors: Kulleab S 
Published: October 2012

ObjectiveTo develop the participation process of the community in order to lead it to be safety community.DesignParticipation action research was used in the study and was conducted from July 2010–June 2011.SettingThe study was operated at a village in north-eastern region, Khon Kaen province, Thailand.ProcessThere were five steps. (1) preparing the community (2) processing the collaboration (3) doing survey for finding the problems and planning to solve the problems (4) operating according to the plan (5) evaluating.ResultsAfter operating the process, there were no accidents happening in the community. There was only one person had other kinds of accident. 10 risky points were improved such as rate of wearing a helmet, the people had the Vehicle Act. Five pieces of toys at the playground were already modified, chemicals used were decreased, five stores in eight stores improved about selling antibiotic, combination drugs, alcoholic beverages and firecrackers at first, the environment were improve to be safety such as fencing the pool and the area around the pool and the safety rules were set. Furthermore, the plan of the community was proposed to ask for the budget from the Sub-district Administrative Organisation. The community was received the award from good health festival of Bann Kor sub-district.ConclusionsThis collaboration leads to better safety behaviours of the people. However, the promotion and continued strong support of government organisations will result in exchange of learning to expand possible results concretely and sustainably.
Advocacy for injury control strategies on way to safe communities in Jaipur city, India
Authors: Mathur SC 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundVisit to various ‘Safe Community’ on a travel fellowship to two Scandinavian countries gave an opportunity to author to conceptualise and replicate the intervention in a developing country where coordination between stakeholders is challenging.PurposeThis paper underscores the problem of accidents in a fast developing urban agglomeration; identifying the opportunities to introduce the interventions to reduce the occurrence of injury in variety of settings, and steps to involve the multiple partners in injury prevention programme.MethodsAuthor participated in the 4th Travelling Seminar at Karolinska University in 1994. Since then he seized every available opportunity to introduce the ‘Safe Community’ practices in Jaipur city.OutcomeNGO's working in the field of road traffic accidents was oriented to adopt a logical approach. Traffic Police and Urban Development authorities were persuaded to incorporate the safety prevention measures in launch of new projects. Priority to helmet use by two-wheelers; seat belts in cars; traffic education in schools yielded positive results in reduction of morbidity and mortality. Advocacy measures have paved the way for launch of ‘safe community’.Contribution to the FieldIn a city where population and area is expanding rapidly, there is an urgent need to introduce the strategies in city planning and management to reduce roadside, schools, and domestic accidents. Capacity gained through participation in a travel fellowship programme was fully exploited over one-and-half decade, the results of which needs to be measured.1. Independent public health specialist
Life-course experience of hospitalised injuries in a rural Greek town during the last century: the Velestino study
Authors: Kanavidis P , Kousoulis AA , Michelakos T , Katsiardanis K , Anastasiou A , Katsiardani KP , Stefanadis C , Petridou E Th 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundLessons from the past regarding the impact of social and technological changes on injury profiles provide inexpensive and meaningful reflections in assessing policies and projects delivered for injury prevention.ObjectiveTo depict the nearly one-century long, life-course injury experience of seniors residing in Velestino, a Greek agricultural town, and comment on the transitional patterns following historical and socio-cultural events.MethodsGiven the lack of individualised electronic/paper records during the study period, the life-course experience of 124 injuries, sustained by 116 study subjects and hospital treated, has been reported to two treating physicians by all (N=643) eligible residents of Velestino, aged 65–102 years, who participated in a health and safety of seniors study.ResultsThe proportion of injuries by gender was >24% among males and 13% among females, with eight residents reporting hospitalisation for more than one events. The overrepresentation of males is no surprise since the given time-span includes periods of war (dominant cause during the 1940s) and manual labor accidents, thereafter (increases related to familiarisation with introduction of tractors in agriculture during the 1960s and steep decline in the past 15 years). Traffic accidents emerge as leading injury cause in the second half of the century (50%) following construction of driveways, whereas home injuries are a significant cause only over the past decade.SignificanceIn retrospect, patterns of injuries seem predictable and mostly preventable within their historical context, were effective prevention programmes to have been implemented. This study offers a plausible framework for injury research in resource-limited settings.