bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analisis Model Pembelajaran Rolle Playing dan Implikasi dalam Pembelajaran pada Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Febianto Debi , Nelwati Sasmi , Dani AfdalIlham 
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini di latarbelakangi oleh Salah satu model pembelajaran yang menyenangkan yang dapat diterapkan dalam pembelajaran IPS adalah model role playing. Dengan menerapkan model role playing, peserta didik dapat bertindak dan mengekspresikan perasaan dan pendapatnya tanpa sanksi. Mereka dapat mengulangi dan mendiskusikan masalah (isu) personal dan manusiawi tanpa merasa cemas, juga dengan bermain peran memungkinkan dan memperkenankan para siswa untuk mengidentifikasi situasi-situasi dunia nyata dan gagasan-gagasan lainnya. Hasil identifikasi ini bermakna terhadap perubahan tingkah laku dan sikap sebagai mana mereka menghayati watak orang lain itu. Dengan cara ini, siswa berada dalam suasana yang relatif aman dan terkendali untuk mengeksplorasi dan mempertunjukan masalah-masalah diantara kelompok dan individu.Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui secara mendalam rancangan model pembelajaran rolle playing di MI/SD, mengetahui secara mendalam implikasi model pembelajaran rolle playing dalam pembelajaran MI/SD, mengetahui secara mendalam keunggulan model pembelajaran rolle playing dalam pembelajaran MI/SD. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pustaka. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan melakukan kategorisasi yang kemudian diinterpretasikan secara deskriptif-analisis (menggambarkan terhadap data yang telah terkumpul kemudian memilih dan memilah data yang diperlukan yang sesuai dengan pembahasan dalam penelitian ini). Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa analisis pelaksanaan rolle playing dapat membantu proses pembelajaran di MI/SD. Dapat dibuktikan dari 10 artikel jurnal hanya 6 artikel jurnal yang relevan dalam peningkatan hasil belajar.
Comparative Distribution of Ultrasound‐Detectable Forefoot Bursae in Patients With Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Hooper Lindsey , Bowen Catherine J. , Gates Lucy , Culliford David , Arden Nigel K. , Edwards Christopher J. 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence and distribution of forefoot bursae (FFB) in individuals with osteoarthritis (OA), individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and healthy controls (HCs), and to identify mechanical or inflammatory factors predicting FFB count.MethodsA cross‐sectional observational study was completed in 3 cohorts: OA (n = 50), RA (n = 56), and HC (n = 50). FFB were recorded as present if detectable in 2 ultrasound (US) scanning planes. The comparative probabilities of FFB presence between groups were expressed as odds ratios. Mechanical factors, including joint deformity, range of motion, and foot posture, were determined for both patient groups. Inflammatory factors, including serology, Disease Activity Score in 28 joints, and US‐detected metatarsophalangeal joint hypertrophy and metatarsal head erosion, were determined for RA patients. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to determine factors related to FFB count in the patient groups.ResultsFFB were highly prevalent in both the OA and RA groups (94 per 100 patients and 88 per 100 patients, respectively) compared with the HC group (56 per 100 participants). FFB distribution significantly differed between the patient groups (RA‐OA: χ2 = 15.64, P ≤ 0.001). In OA patients, FFB were commonly located in the medial/lateral forefoot region, but were located across all regions for RA patients. In OA patients, reduced ankle joint range of motion predicted FFB count (R2 = 0.09, P = 0.037). In RA patients, erosion presence was related to FFB count (R2 = 0.18, P ≤ 0.001).ConclusionFFB were highly prevalent in patients with OA and RA. FFB distribution significantly differed between the patient groups. FFB in patients with OA may be related to mechanical factors.
Tightening Up? Impact of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Disease Activity Assessment on Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Treated Using a Treat to Target Strategy
Authors: Dale James , Purves David , McConnachie Alex , McInnes Iain , Porter Duncan 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveTo determine the level of agreement and potential impact on disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) escalation decisions and of adding musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) assessment of disease activity to the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28) in early rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsData were gathered from 53 early RA patients randomized to the MSUS assessment group of the Targeting Synovitis in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis study. DAS28 scores were calculated every month. MSUS was performed on patients with low disease activity (DAS28 <3.2) and on those with moderate disease activity (3.2 ≤ DAS28 <5.1) without clinically swollen joints (swollen joint count [SJC] ≤1). Fourteen joints (bilateral proximal interphalangeal joints 2 and 3, metacarpophalangeal [MCP] joints 2 and 3, the radiocarpal, and metatarsophalangeal joints 2 and 5) were examined. Active disease was defined as ≥2 joints demonstrating any power Doppler (PD) signal. Data from 414 paired DAS28 and MSUS assessments were pooled to determine the level of agreement between each method.ResultsA total of 369 MSUS assessments were conducted on patients with DAS28 <3.2; 92 (25%) of these assessments identified active disease. A total of 271 MSUS assessments were performed on those with DAS28 <2.6; 66 (24%) of these identified active disease. Forty‐five MSUS assessments were conducted on patients with 3.2 ≤ DAS28 <5.1 and SJC ≤1; 15 (33%) of these assessments confirmed active disease. On 120 occasions (29%), MSUS findings contradicted the DAS28 and led to modified treatment decisions. The joints that most frequently exhibited PD signal were radiocarpal and index and middle MCP joints.ConclusionCompared to the DAS28, global RA disease activity assessment using a limited MSUS joint set provided additional disease activity information and led to altered treatment decisions in a significant minority of occasions. This may allow further tailoring of DMARD therapy by supporting DMARD escalation in patients with continuing subclinical synovitis and preventing escalation in symptomatic patients with minimal clinical and/or ultrasonographic synovitis.
Trepanation in South‐Central Peru during the early late intermediate period (ca. AD 1000–1250)
Authors: Kurin Danielle S. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThis study evaluates trepanations from five well‐contextualized prehistoric sites in the south‐central highlands of Andahuaylas, Peru. The emergence of trepanation in this region coincides with the collapse of the Wari Empire, ca. ad 1000. Thirty‐two individuals from Andahuaylas, AMS radiocarbon dated to the early Late Intermediate Period (ca. ad 1000–1250), were found to have 45 total trepanations. Various surgical techniques were being employed concurrently throughout the region. Scraping trepanations evinced the highest survival rate; circular grooving, drilling and boring, and linear cutting were far less successful. Evidence of perioperative procedures like hair shaving, poultice application, and possible cranioplasty use aimed to ensure the survival of a trepanation recipient. Postmortem trepanations, also present in Andahuaylas, were likely executed on corpses as a means of better understanding cranial anatomy and improving techniques. Similarities in trepanation patterns throughout the region attest to common motivations to engage in surgery. Although moderate physical head trauma seems to be the impetus for intervention in many cases of trepanation, other motivations included physiological and possibly psychosomatic factors. Nevertheless, treatment was not for everyone. In Andahuaylas, trepanations were withheld from subadults, females, and those individuals who practiced cranial modification. Am J Phys Anthropol 152:484–494, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evolution and human sexuality
Authors: Gray Peter B. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThe aim of this review is to put core features of human sexuality in an evolutionary light. Toward that end, I address five topics concerning the evolution of human sexuality. First, I address theoretical foundations, including recent critiques and developments. While much traces back to Darwin and his view of sexual selection, more recent work helps refine the theoretical bases to sex differences and life history allocations to mating effort. Second, I consider central models attempting to specify the phylogenetic details regarding how hominin sexuality might have changed, with most of those models honing in on transitions from a possible chimpanzee‐like ancestor to the slightly polygynous and long‐term bonded sociosexual partnerships observed among most recently studied hunter‐gatherers. Third, I address recent genetic and physiological data contributing to a refined understanding of human sexuality. As examples, the availability of rapidly increasing genomic information aids comparative approaches to discern signals of selection in sexuality‐related phenotypes, and neuroendocrine studies of human responses to sexual stimuli provide insight into homologous and derived mechanisms. Fourth, I consider some of the most recent, large, and rigorous studies of human sexuality. These provide insights into sexual behavior across other national samples and on the Internet. Fifth, I discuss the relevance of a life course perspective to understanding the evolution of human sexuality. Most research on the evolution of human sexuality focuses on young adults. Yet humans are sexual beings from gestation to death, albeit in different ways across the life course, and in ways that can be theoretically couched within life history theory. Am J Phys Anthropol 57:94–118, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development of quasi‐solid‐state dye‐sensitized solar cell based on an electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride–polyacrylonitrile membrane electrolyte
Authors: Sethupathy Malaisamy , Pandey Priyanka , Manisankar Paramasivam 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTDye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) has been magnetizing more awareness in current research due to more efficiency. The foremost drawback of the solar cell is the evaporation of organic electrolyte. In order to address this problem, the polyvinylidene fluoride–polyacrylonitrile–Electrospinning Fibrous Membranes were prepared by electrospinning method and the photovoltaic performances were evaluated. The polyvinylidene fluoride and polyacrylonitrile were mixed in N,N′‐dimethylformamide and acetone at an applied potential of 15 kV. The surface morphology of membrane is interconnected with network structure and a large number of voids were observed from Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy images. The electrolyte uptakes up to 310% were observed and it shows an increase in the ionic conductivity up to 6.12 × 10−2 S cm−1 at 25°C. The fabricated DSSCs show open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.74 V, fill factor (FF) of 0.65 and short circuit current (Jsc) of 6.20 mA cm−2 at an incident light intensity of 100 mW cm−2. The photovoltaic efficiency also reached up to 3.09%. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2014, 131, 40022.
Enhanced degradation stability of poly(p‐dioxanone) under different temperature and humidity with bis‐(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl) carbodiimide
Authors: Zhao Yin‐Qiao , Ding Song‐Dong , Yuan You , Wang Yu‐Zhong 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThe influences on the degradation of poly(p‐dioxanone) (PPDO) under different temperature and relatively humidity is initially investigated by adding bis‐(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl) carbodiimide (commercial name: stabaxol®‐1). The changes of intrinsic viscosity, mechanical properties, crystallinity, surface morphologies, and microstructure of PPDO and PPDO containing stabaxol®‐1 for 6 weeks are monitored. With increasing the degradation time, the intrinsic viscosity and mechanical properties of PPDO decrease much faster than those of PPDO containing 0.6 wt % stabaxol®‐1. During the degradation, PPDO containing 0.6 wt % stabaxol®‐1 shows a better physical integrity than PPDO. It has been shown that stabaxol®‐1 can retard the hydrolysis degradation of PPDO and enhance its hydrolytic stability. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2014, 131, 40026.
Investigation on the morphology and tensile behavior of β‐nucleated isotactic polypropylene with different stereo‐defect distribution
Authors: Peng Hongmei , Wang Bin , Gai Jinggang , Chen Jinyao , Yang Feng , Cao Ya , Li Huilin , Kang Jian , Xiang Ming 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTLarge amount of work has been published on the tacticity‐properties relationship of isotactic polypropylene (iPP). However, the stereo‐defect distribution dependence of morphology and mechanical properties of β‐nucleated iPP (β‐iPP) is still not clear. In this study, two different iPP resins (PP‐A and PP‐B) with similar average isotacticity but different uniformities of stereo‐defect distribution were selected, their β‐iPP injection molding specimens were prepared, and the morphology evolution and tensile behaviors were studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), 2D wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (2D‐WAXD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). DSC results showed that with the same concentration of β‐nucleating agent (0.3 wt % WBG‐II), PP‐B with more uniform stereo‐defect distribution exhibited more amount of β‐phase than that of PP‐A with less uniform stereo‐defect distribution, indicating that PP‐B is more favorable for the formation of β‐phase. SEM results showed that PP‐B formed more amount of β‐crystals with relatively high structural perfection, while in PP‐A a mixed morphology of α‐ and β‐phase with obviously higher amount of structural imperfection emerges. The results of room‐temperature tensile test indicated that the yield peak width of PP‐B was obviously wider, and the elongation at break of PP‐B was higher than that of PP‐A, showing a better ductile of PP‐B. The morphology evolution results of SEM, 2D‐WAXD and DSC suggest that, a combination of lamellar deformation and amorphous deformation occurred in PP‐A, while only amorphous deformation mainly took place in PP‐B, which was thought to be the reason for the different tensile behaviors of the samples. In the production of β‐PP products via injection molding, the uniformity of stereo‐defect distribution was found to be an important factor. PP with more uniform distribution of stereo‐defect favors the formation of large amount of β‐phase with high perfection, which exhibit superior ductile property. The related mechanism was discussed. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2014, 131, 40027.
Use of Diuretics and Risk of Incident Gout: A Population‐Based Case–Control Study
Authors: Bruderer Saskia , Bodmer Michael , Jick Susan S. , Meier Christoph R. 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveUse of diuretics has been associated with an increased risk of gout. Data on different types of diuretics are scarce. We undertook this study to investigate the association between use of loop diuretics, thiazide or thiazide‐like diuretics, and potassium‐sparing agents and the risk of developing incident gout.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective population‐based case–control analysis using the General Practice Research Database established in the UK. We identified case patients who were diagnosed as having incident gout between 1990 and 2010. One control patient was matched to each case patient for age, sex, general practice, calendar time, and years of active history in the database. We used conditional logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), and we adjusted for potential confounders.ResultsWe identified 91,530 incident cases of gout and the same number of matched controls. Compared to past use of diuretics from each respective drug class, adjusted ORs for current use of loop diuretics, thiazide diuretics, thiazide‐like diuretics, and potassium‐sparing diuretics were 2.64 (95% CI 2.47–2.83), 1.70 (95% CI 1.62–1.79), 2.30 (95% CI 1.95–2.70), and 1.06 (95% CI 0.91–1.23), respectively. Combined use of loop diuretics and thiazide diuretics was associated with the highest relative risk estimates of gout (adjusted OR 4.65 [95% CI 3.51–6.16]). Current use of calcium channel blockers or losartan slightly attenuated the risk of gout in patients who took diuretics.ConclusionUse of loop diuretics, thiazide diuretics, and thiazide‐like diuretics was associated with an increased risk of incident gout, although use of potassium‐sparing agents was not.
End‐Stage Renal Disease in African Americans With Lupus Nephritis Is Associated With APOL1
Authors: Freedman Barry I. , Langefeld Carl D. , Andringa Kelly K. , Croker Jennifer A. , Williams Adrienne H. , Garner Neva E. , Birmingham Daniel J. , Hebert Lee A. , Hicks Pamela J. , Segal Mark S. , Edberg Jeffrey C. , Brown Elizabeth E. , Alarcón Graciela S. , Costenbader Karen H. , Comeau Mary E. , Criswell Lindsey A. , Harley John B. , James Judith A. , Kamen Diane L. , Lim S. Sam , Merrill Joan T. , Sivils Kathy L. , Niewold Timothy B. , Patel Neha M. , Petri Michelle , Ramsey‐Goldman Rosalind , Reveille John D. , Salmon Jane E. , Tsao Betty P. , Gibson Keisha L. , Byers Joyce R. , Vinnikova Anna K. , Lea Janice P. , Julian Bruce A. , Kimberly Robert P. ,   on behalf of the Lupus Nephritis–End‐Stage Renal Disease Consortium
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveLupus nephritis (LN) is a severe manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) that exhibits familial aggregation and may progress to end‐stage renal disease (ESRD). LN is more prevalent among African Americans than among European Americans. This study was undertaken to investigate the hypothesis that the apolipoprotein L1 gene (APOL1) nephropathy risk alleles G1/G2, common in African Americans and rare in European Americans, contribute to the ethnic disparity in risk.MethodsAPOL1 G1 and G2 nephropathy alleles were genotyped in 855 African American SLE patients with LN‐ESRD (cases) and 534 African American SLE patients without nephropathy (controls) and tested for association under a recessive genetic model, by logistic regression.ResultsNinety percent of the SLE patients were female. The mean ± SD age at SLE diagnosis was significantly lower in LN‐ESRD cases than in SLE non‐nephropathy controls (27.3 ± 10.9 years versus 39.5 ± 12.2 years). The mean ± SD time from SLE diagnosis to development of LN‐ESRD in cases was 7.3 ± 7.2 years. The G1/G2 risk alleles were strongly associated with SLE‐ESRD, with 25% of cases and 12% of controls having 2 nephropathy alleles (odds ratio [OR] 2.57, recessive model P = 1.49 × 10−9), and after adjustment for age, sex, and ancestry admixture (OR 2.72, P = 6.23 × 10−6). The age‐, sex‐, and admixture‐adjusted population attributable risk for ESRD among patients with G1/G2 polymorphisms was 0.26, compared to 0.003 among European American patients. The mean time from SLE diagnosis to ESRD development was ∼2 years earlier among individuals with APOL1 risk genotypes (P = 0.01).ConclusionAPOL1 G1/G2 alleles strongly impact the risk of LN‐ESRD in African Americans, as well as the time to progression to ESRD. The high frequency of these alleles in African Americans with near absence in European Americans explains an important proportion of the increased risk of LN‐ESRD in African Americans.
Quetiapine Fumarate Extended‐Release for the Treatment of Major Depression With Comorbid Fibromyalgia Syndrome: A Double‐Blind, Randomized, Placebo‐Controlled Study
Authors: McIntyre Alexander , Paisley David , Kouassi Edouard , Gendron Alain 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveFibromyalgia and major depressive disorder (MDD) frequently co‐occur. Quetiapine fumarate extended‐release (quetiapine XR) has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of MDD and has been shown to have analgesic properties in patients with depression. The primary objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of quetiapine XR on depressive and pain symptoms in patients with MDD and comorbid fibromyalgia, and to assess its safety and tolerability.MethodsThis was an 8‐week, single‐center, double‐blind, randomized, controlled trial. A total of 120 nonpsychotic adult outpatients who fulfilled the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition diagnostic criteria for MDD and whose diagnosis of fibromyalgia was confirmed according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria were enrolled. The primary end point was the mean change from baseline to week 8 on the 17‐item Hamilton Depression Rating (HAM‐D) scale. Secondary end points included other depression‐rating scores, pain scores, fibromyalgia scores, measures of quality of life and global functioning, and adverse events.ResultsThe mean change in the HAM‐D score from baseline to week 8 was significantly greater in the quetiapine XR group compared with the placebo group (−10.0 versus −5.8; P = 0.001). Improvements in most secondary outcomes were also significantly greater in the quetiapine XR group. Quetiapine XR was generally well tolerated.ConclusionThis study is the first to demonstrate that measures of depression, pain, and quality of life are significantly improved with quetiapine XR compared with placebo in patients with a dual diagnosis of MDD and fibromyalgia.
Excellent Performance of Few‐Layer Borocarbonitrides as Anode Materials in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Sen Sudeshna , Moses Kota , Bhattacharyya Aninda J. , Rao C. N. R. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBorocarbonitrides (BxCyNz) with a graphene‐like structure exhibit a remarkable high lithium cyclability and current rate capability. The electrochemical performance of the BxCyNz materials, synthesized by using a simple solid‐state synthesis route based on urea, was strongly dependent on the composition and surface area. Among the three compositions studied, the carbon‐rich compound B0.15C0.73N0.12 with the highest surface area showed an exceptional stability (over 100 cycles) and rate capability over widely varying current density values (0.05–1 A g−1). B0.15C0.73N0.12 has a very high specific capacity of 710 mA h g−1 at 0.05 A g−1. With the inclusion of a suitable additive in the electrolyte, the specific capacity improved drastically, recording an impressive value of nearly 900 mA h g−1 at 0.05 A g−1. It is believed that the solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer at the interface of BxCyNz and electrolyte also plays a crucial role in the performance of the BxCyNz .
Transition‐Metal‐Free Synthesis of N‐(1‐Alkenyl)imidazoles by Potassium Phosphate‐Promoted Addition Reaction of Alkynes to Imidazoles
Authors: Lu Linhua , Yan Hong , Liu Defu , Rong Guangwei , Mao Jincheng 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe addition reaction of alkynes to N‐heterocycles by simply heating in DMSO with potassium phosphate is reported. Good yields with high stereoselectivity could be achieved for a range of substrates. The scope is quite general for both amines and phenylacetylenes. In addition, internal alkynes and α‐bromostyrene were also examined in this reaction. This process is efficient and useful for the synthesis of (Z)‐N‐(1‐alkenyl)imidazoles and related Z products. Thus, the reaction is useful because of the importance of the imidazole scaffold.