bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Have We Given Up on Intra‐aortic Balloon Counterpulsation in Post–Myocardial Infarction Cardiogenic Shock?
Authors: Acharji Subasit , Mathur Atish , Lakshmanadoss Umashankar , Prasad Hari , Singh Maninder , Kaluski Edo 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe recently published Intra‐aortic Balloon Pump in Cardiogenic Shock II (IABP‐SHOCK II) trial concluded that intra‐aortic counterpulsation (IACP) does not reduce 30‐day mortality in patients with cardiogenic shock (CS) complicating acute myocardial infarction (AMI) for whom early revascularization strategy was planned. The study resulted in downgrading IACP in post‐AMI CS patients by certain professional organizations like the European Society of Cardiology. Although this is the largest and most important CS study of this decade, it suffers from considerable shortcomings: (1) time intervals from chest‐pain onset or AMI recognition to revascularization, enrollment, and IACP initiation are not disclosed; (2) 86.6% of the treatment arm initiated IACP only post–percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and 4.3 % did not receive IACP at all; (3) 17.4% of the control arm crossed over to IACP or other mechanical support, mostly due to protocol violations; (4) there is no adjudication of the mortality events; (5) follow‐up is limited to 30 days; and (5) both methodology (especially IACP device size) and quality of IACP are not evaluated and documented. Because the study assessed mostly the efficacy and safety of IACP initiated post‐PCI, the study conclusions should not be extrapolated to IACP pre‐PCI or during PCI in CS. Moreover, IACP had a favorable effect on the mortality of younger patients. Intra‐aortic counterpulsation should remain the first line of mechanical circulatory support for the hemodynamically compromised AMI patients with or without CS who are undergoing primary PCI. Early upgrade to more advanced mechanical circulatory support should be considered for selective suitable candidates who remain in refractory CS despite revascularization and IACP.
Pharmacogenetics in Cardiovascular Disease: The Challenge of Moving From Promise to Realization
Authors: Joseph Philip G. , Pare Guillaume , Ross Stephanie , Roberts Robert , Anand Sonia S. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPharmacogenetics in cardiovascular medicine brings the potential for personalized therapeutic strategies that improve efficacy and reduce harm. Studies evaluating the impact of genetic variation on pharmacologic effects have been undertaken for most major cardiovascular drugs, including antithrombotic agents, β‐adrenergic receptor blockers, statins, and angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors. Across these drug classes, many polymorphisms associated with pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, or surrogate outcomes have been identified. However, their impact on clinical outcomes and their ability to improve clinical practice remains unclear. This review will examine the current clinical evidence supporting pharmacogenetic testing in cardiovascular medicine, provide clinical guidance based on the current evidence, and identify further steps needed to determine the utility of pharmacogenetics in cardiovascular care.
A note from history: Landmarks in history of cancer, Part 6
Authors: Hajdu Steven I. , Vadmal Manjunath 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTIn the 3 decades from 1940 to 1970, the United States became the nucleus for research, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer. The discovery of anticancer drugs, and the clinical demonstration that chemotherapy and radiation can cure cancer and have the ability to prevent recurrence of cancer, were incontrovertibly the most remarkable groundbreaking events. Consequently, the trend of less surgery and more multimodality therapy began. The introduction of radioautography, mammography, ultrasonography, computed tomography, Papanicolaou smear, and other novel laboratory tests furthered early detection of cancer and refined accurate diagnosis. The unequivocal linking of lung cancer to cigarette smoking made medical history. The delineation of the potential role of oncogenes adduced new thoughts about oncogenesis and cancer prevention, and pathologists finalized the classification and nosology of tumors. Finally, it is worth noting that although more advances were made in the detection, diagnosis, and treatment of cancers than any other period in history, the overall mortality rate of patients with cancer remained high and unchanged. Cancer 2013;119:4058–4082. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Outcome of adolescents and young adults with acute myeloid leukemia treated on COG trials compared to CALGB and SWOG trials
Authors: Woods William G. , Franklin Anna R. K. , Alonzo Todd A. , Gerbing Robert B. , Donohue Kathleen A. , Othus Megan , Horan John , Appelbaum Frederick R. , Estey Elihu H. , Bloomfield Clara D. , Larson Richard A. 
Published: October 2013

BACKGROUNDA retrospective meta‐analysis of adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) was performed to determine if differences in outcome exist following treatment on pediatric versus adult oncology treatment regimens.METHODSOutcomes were compared of 517 AYAs with AML aged 16 to 21 years who were treated on Children's Oncology Group (COG), Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB), and Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) frontline AML trials from 1986 to 2008.RESULTSThere was a significant age difference between AYA cohorts in the COG, CALGB, and SWOG trials (median, 17.2 versus 20.1 versus 19.8 years, P < .001). The 10‐year event‐free survival of the COG cohort was superior to the combined adult cohorts (38% ± 6% versus 23% ± 6%, log‐rank P = .006) as was overall survival (45% ± 6% versus 34% ± 7%), with a 10‐year estimate comparison of P = .026. However, the younger age of the COG cohort is confounding, with all patients aged 16 to 18 years doing better than those aged 19 to 21 years. Although the 10‐year relapse rate was lower for the COG patients (29% ± 6% versus 57% ± 8%, Gray's P < .001), this was offset by a higher postremission treatment‐related mortality of 26% ± 6% versus 12% ± 6% (Gray's P < .001). Significant improvements in 10‐year event‐free survival and overall survival were observed for the entire cohort in later studies.CONCLUSIONSPatients treated on pediatric trials had better outcomes than those treated on adult trials, but age is a major confounding variable, making it difficult to compare outcomes by cooperative group. Cancer 2013;119:4170–4179. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Prognostic significance of a positive axillary lymph node fine‐needle aspirate in patients with invasive breast carcinoma
Authors: Chang Martin C. , Escallon Jaime M. , Colgan Terence J. 
Published: October 2013

BACKGROUNDImage‐guided axillary lymph node fine‐needle aspirates (FNAs) correlate well with pathologic lymph node staging in cases of invasive breast carcinoma. The objective of this study was to determine the prognostic significance of a positive lymph node.METHODSConsecutive cases of nonmetastatic (M0) invasive breast carcinoma evaluated by image‐guided FNA were identified (4‐year period, median follow‐up of 51 months). “Positive” and “nonpositive” groups were compared using Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis. Multivariate Cox regression was used to correct for clinicopathologic and treatment factors. A total of 142 cases was included, 70 with positive axillary FNA and 72 with a nonpositive result.RESULTSFNA‐positive and nonpositive cases did not differ in patient age, tumor subtype, or hormone receptor status. Positive FNA was significantly associated with advanced T and N pathologic stage, and with HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) positivity. FNA‐positive patients were more likely to undergo mastectomy and to receive chemotherapy. Kaplan‐Meier analysis showed that positive FNA is associated with poor prognosis, both with respect to disease‐free survival (89% nonpositive versus 73% positive at 5 years, P < .001) and overall survival (94% versus 81%, respectively, at 5 years, P = .01). Multivariate analysis showed that when correcting for other variables, FNA positivity was not independently significant.CONCLUSIONSPositive axillary lymph node FNA is associated with poor prognosis on univariate analysis. By contrast, overall nodal staging is independently significant on multivariate analysis. The prognostic significance of axillary FNA likely results from its ability to predict for nodal status. Axillary FNA has utility as a preoperative staging procedure. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2014;122:138–44. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Supramolecular Organogels Formed through Complementary Double‐Helix Formation
Authors: Banno Motonori , Wu Zong‐Quan , Makiguchi Wataru , Furusho Yoshio , Yashima Eiji 
Published: October 2013

AbstractOptically active amidine ((R)‐1) and achiral carboxylic acid (2) dimers with a m‐terphenyl backbone linked by a 1,4‐phenylene diacetylene unit form a double helix, (R)‐1⋅2, through complementary amidinium–carboxylate salt bridges in THF. Upon the addition of poor solvents, such as n‐hexane, the duplex forms an organogel as a result of supramolecular polymerization of the duplex by intermolecular rearrangement of the salt bridges. In sharp contrast, an analogous racemic duplex composed of achiral amidine residues and an optically active duplex linked by a shorter diacetylene unit with a higher binding affinity than that of (R)‐1⋅2 does not show any gelation. The supramolecular fluorescent gels exhibit reversible thermo‐ and chemoresponsive behavior. The chiroptical properties of the gels, the mechanism of gelation, and the amplification of helical chirality during the gelation of (R)‐1⋅2 in the absence and presence of its enantiomeric counterpart, (S)‐1⋅2, and a racemic duplex, consisting of achiral amidine and carboxylic acid dimers, were investigated by following changes in the absorption and circular dichroism spectra.
Arginine Wettability and Impedance Dual‐Signal Response by Aldehyde Calix[4]arene Self‐Assembled Monolayers
Authors: Yang Lanlan , Luo Li , Zhang Guifen , Miao Fajun , Zhang Xiaoyan , Tian Demei , Li Haibing 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA new aldehyde calix[4]arene (C4AH) was synthesized efficiently to give a yield of 90 % and was used to form self‐assembled monolayers (SAMS) by means of click chemistry to give a highly selective wettability and impedance sensor for arginine (Arg). The success of the C4AH functional interface and Arg‐responsive events were confirmed by contact‐angle (CA) measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Furthermore, the C4AH functional interface can be used as wettability‐responsive cycles at least eight times. This type of sensor operates on the principle that Arg has a high pKa value of 12.48, and is able to form strong hydrogen bonds with aldehyde selectivity, which results in a significant CA change. The proposed wettability‐sensing devices display a remarkable specificity, intuitiveness, and convenience, which should be suitable for the production of arginine recognition chips that can be used in the fields of biology and medical science.
TiO2 nanoparticles synthesis for application in proton exchange membranes
Authors: Mishra Preeti S. , Solanki Jignasa N. , Murthy Z. V. P. 
Published: October 2013

In the present paper, suitable TiO2 nanoparticles are successfully synthesized by sol‐gel method, in order to utilize the freshly prepared TiO2 nanoparticles for proton exchange membrane (PEM) preparation. Titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) is used as precursor and ethanol as a solvent. The optimum and suitable TiO2 nanoparticles were obtained by varying gelatinisation time (4–120 h), concentration of precursor (TiCl4) in ethanol (2–15 vol%), and reaction temperature (15–35 °C). The morphology, size and purity of the nanoparticles are investigated by transmission electron microscope (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Optimum results were found at 4 h of gelatinisation time, 10% precursor concentration and 25 °C temperature for preparation of TiO2 nanoparticles. Thus prepared nanoparticles are found to be suitable for preparation of nanocomposite PEM, and consequently the prepared PEM indicates enhanced properties, such as, higher thermal stability (high glass transition temperature of 184.1 °C), excellent proton conductivity (0.0822 S cm−1 at room temperature) and low methanol permeability (1.11 × 10−9 cm2 s−1).
Predicting Cellulose Solvating Capabilities of Acid–Base Conjugate Ionic Liquids
Authors: Parviainen Arno , King Alistair W. T. , Mutikainen Ilpo , Hummel Michael , Selg Christoph , Hauru Lauri K. J. , Sixta Herbert , Kilpeläinen Ilkka 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDifferent acid–base conjugates were made by combining a range of bases and superbases with acetic and propionic acid. Only the combinations that contained superbases were capable of dissolving cellulose. Proton affinities were calculated for the bases. A range, within which cellulose dissolution occurred, when combined with acetic or propionic acid, was defined for further use. This was above a proton affinity value of about 240 kcal mol−1 at the MP2/6‐311+G(d,p)//MP2/ 6‐311+G(d,p) ab initio level. Understanding dissolution allowed us to determine that cation acidity contributed considerably to the ability of ionic liquids to dissolve cellulose and not just the basicity of the anion. By XRD analyses of suitable crystals, hydrogen bonding interactions between anion and cation were found to be the dominant interactions in the crystalline state. From determination of viscosities of these conjugates over a temperature range, certain structures were found to have as low a viscosity as 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate, which was reflected in their high rate of cellulose dissolution but not necessarily the quantitative solubility of cellulose in those ionic liquids. 1,5‐Diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non‐5‐enium propionate, which is one of the best structures for cellulose dissolution, was then distilled using laboratory equipment to demonstrate its recyclability.
Molecular Relaxations in Magnesium Polymer Electrolytes via GHz Broadband Electrical Spectroscopy
Authors: Piccolo Michele , Giffin Guinevere A. , Vezzù Keti , Bertasi Federico , Alotto Piergiorgio , Guarnieri Massimo , Di Noto Vito 
Published: October 2013

AbstractGHz broadband electrical spectroscopy (G‐BES) is adopted to investigate the molecular relaxations and interactions occurring within the system in an oxygen‐ and water‐free atmosphere in the 300 kHz–20 GHz and −40 to 250 °C frequency and temperature ranges, respectively. A new electrolyte for magnesium secondary batteries that can transfer magnesium ions efficiently is presented. This electrolyte is based on polyethylene glycol 400 and a polymeric form of δ‐MgCl2. The information obtained by G‐BES is crucial for studying the conduction mechanism of these new electrolytes.
Ligand Effects on the Hydrogenation of Biomass‐Inspired Substrates with Bifunctional Ru, Ir, and Rh Complexes
Authors: Jansen Eveline , Jongbloed Linda S. , Tromp Dorette S. , Lutz Martin , de Bruin Bas , Elsevier Cornelis J. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe herein report on the application and structural investigation of a new set of complexes that contain bidentate N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) and primary amine moieties of the type [M(arene)Cl(L)] [M=Ru, Ir, or Rh; arene=p‐cymene or pentamethylcyclopentadienyl; L=1‐(2‐aminophenyl)‐3‐(n‐alkyl)imidazol‐2‐ylidine]. These complexes were tested and compared in the hydrogenation of acetophenone with hydrogen. Structural variations in the chelate ring size of the heteroditopic ligand revealed that smaller chelate ring sizes in combination with ring conjugation in the ligand are beneficial for the activity of this type of catalyst, favoring an inner‐sphere coordination pathway. Additionally, increasing the steric bulk of the alkyl substituent on the NHC aided the reaction, showing almost no induction period and formation of a more active catalyst for the n‐butyl complex relative to complexes with smaller Me and Et substituents. As is common in hydrogenation reactions, the activity of the complexes decreases in the order Ru>Ir>Rh. The application of [Ru(p‐cym)Cl(L)]PF6, which outperforms its reported analogues, has been successfully extended to the hydrogenation of more challenging biomass‐inspired substrates.
Examining associations between adolescent binge eating and binge eating in parents and friends
Authors: Goldschmidt Andrea B. , Wall Melanie M. , Choo Tse‐Hwei J. , Bruening Meg , Eisenberg Marla E. , Neumark‐Sztainer Dianne 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveBinge eating is prevalent among adolescents, but little is known about how parents and friends may influence such behaviors. This study examined associations between adolescent binge eating behaviors, and similar behaviors in their parents and friends.MethodParticipants were 2,770 target adolescent boys and girls who had at least one friend and/or parent who also participated. Logistic regression, stratified by gender, examined associations between parents' and friends' self‐reported binge eating, and similar behaviors in target adolescents.ResultsGirls' binge eating was associated with their male friends' (odds ratio = 2.33; p = 0.03) and fathers' binge eating (odds ratio = 3.38; p = 0.02), but not with their female friends' or mothers' binge eating (p > 0.05). For boys, binge eating was not associated with parents' or friends' behavior.DiscussionAdolescent girls' binge eating is associated with similar behaviors in their other‐sex parents and friends. Results should be replicated, and mechanisms explaining this relation should be further explored. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:325–328)
Environmental drivers defining linkages among life‐history traits: mechanistic insights from a semiterrestrial amphipod subjected to macroscale gradients
Authors: Gómez Julio , Barboza Francisco R. , Defeo Omar 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDetermining the existence of interconnected responses among life‐history traits and identifying underlying environmental drivers are recognized as key goals for understanding the basis of phenotypic variability. We studied potentially interconnected responses among senescence, fecundity, embryos size, weight of brooding females, size at maturity and sex ratio in a semiterrestrial amphipod affected by macroscale gradients in beach morphodynamics and salinity. To this end, multiple modelling processes based on generalized additive mixed models were used to deal with the spatio‐temporal structure of the data obtained at 10 beaches during 22 months. Salinity was the only nexus among life‐history traits, suggesting that this physiological stressor influences the energy balance of organisms. Different salinity scenarios determined shifts in the weight of brooding females and size at maturity, having consequences in the number and size of embryos which in turn affected sex determination and sex ratio at the population level. Our work highlights the importance of analysing field data to find the variables and potential mechanisms that define concerted responses among traits, therefore defining life‐history strategies.
Disentangling environmental correlates of vascular plant biodiversity in a Mediterranean hotspot
Authors: Molina‐Venegas Rafael , Aparicio Abelardo , Pina Francisco José , Valdés Benito , Arroyo Juan 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe determined the environmental correlates of vascular plant biodiversity in the Baetic‐Rifan region, a plant biodiversity hotspot in the western Mediterranean. A catalog of the whole flora of Andalusia and northern Morocco, the region that includes most of the Baetic‐Rifan complex, was compiled using recent comprehensive floristic catalogs. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) of the different ecoregions of Andalusia and northern Morocco were conducted to determine their floristic affinities. Diversity patterns were studied further by focusing on regional endemic taxa. Endemic and nonendemic alpha diversities were regressed to several environmental variables. Finally, semi‐partial regressions on distance matrices were conducted to extract the respective contributions of climatic, altitudinal, lithological, and geographical distance matrices to beta diversity in endemic and nonendemic taxa. We found that West Rifan plant assemblages had more similarities with Andalusian ecoregions than with other nearby northern Morocco ecoregions. The endemic alpha diversity was explained relatively well by the environmental variables related to summer drought and extreme temperature values. Of all the variables, geographical distance contributed by far the most to spatial turnover in species diversity in the Baetic‐Rifan hotspot. In the Baetic range, climate was the most significant driver of nonendemic species beta diversity, while lithology and climate were the main drivers of endemic beta diversity. Despite the fact that Andalusia and northern Morocco are presently separated by the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, the Baetic and Rifan mountain ranges have many floristic similarities – especially in their western ranges – due to past migration of species across the Strait of Gibraltar. Climatic variables could be shaping the spatial distribution of endemic species richness throughout the Baetic‐Rifan hotspot. Determinants of spatial turnover in biodiversity in the Baetic‐Rifan hotspot vary in importance between endemic and nonendemic species.
Reaction Mechanism of Water Oxidation Catalyzed by Iron Tetraamido Macrocyclic Ligand Complexes – A DFT Study
Authors: Liao Rong‐Zhen , Li Xi‐Chen , Siegbahn Per E. M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDensity functional calculations are used to elucidate the reaction mechanism of water oxidation catalyzed by iron tetraamido macrocyclic ligand (TAML) complexes. The oxidation of the starting TAML–Fe3+–OH2 complex by removing three electrons and two protons leads to the formation of a key intermediate, TAML·–Fe5+=O, which can undergo nucleophilic attack by either a water molecule or a nitrate ion. Both pathways involve attack on the oxo group and lead to the production of O2. The water attack is more favoured and has a total barrier of 15.4 kcal/mol. The alternative nitrate attack pathway has a barrier of 19.5 kcal/mol. Nitrate functions as a cocatalyst by first donating an oxygen atom to the oxo group to form O2 and a nitrite ion, which can then be re‐oxidized to regenerate a nitrate ion. Three possible competing pathways result in ligand modification, namely, water and nitrate attack on the ligand, as well as ligand amide oxidation. The water attack on the ligand has a low barrier of only 10.9 kcal/mol and leads to the opening of the benzene ring, which explains the observation of fast catalyst degradation. The lack of activity or lower activity of other catalysts with different substituents is also rationalized.
Facile Combustion Synthesis and Electrochemical Performance of the Cathode Material Li1.231Mn0.615Ni0.154O2
Authors: Liao Shi‐Xuan , Zhong Ben‐He , Guo Xiaodong , Shi Xia‐Xing , Hua Wei‐Bo 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe composite Li1.231Mn0.615Ni0.154O2 has been prepared by a facile combustion synthesis. X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, chemical analysis, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope were used to characterize the resultant composite and its precursor. The results show that a well‐crystallized layered hexagonal structured composite Li1.231MnIV0.615NiII0.154O2 is obtained. The resultant composite serves as a cathode material for lithium ion batteries, and galvanostatic charge/discharge tests and cyclic voltammetry revealed that the composite exhibits excellent electrochemical performance. The as‐prepared electrode delivers an average specific energy density as high as 795 W h kg–1 in the range 4.8–2.0 V (vs. Li/Li+) at a constant current density of 20 mA g–1.