bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atmung, Glykolyse und Überlebensdauer von Monolayer-Gewebekultur-Zellen nach Verbringen in Suspension
Authors: Luthardt Th. , Fischer W. 
Published: February 2015

The suspension of cells from monolayer cultures for manometric measurements provides a technical simplification and has therefore become a frequent manipulation in such studies. In the experiments described respiration, aerobic glycolysis and lifespan of the cells after their transition from the intact cell-layer to the suspension were studied.
The glycolytic rate remains unchanged in the suspension, if the culture medium was not changed. Cultures without glycolysis do not glycolyse in the suspension either.
The respiratory rate is independant of glycolysis. Under the conditions used it is somewhat accelerated in cell-suspensions. The lifespan of the cells is considerably reduced. After 5 to 10 hrs. a distinct loss of respiratory rate can be noted, which does not take place in cell-layers.
The reproducability of the results in cell suspensions is not sufficient.
Considered in the light of these findings cell suspensions of monolayer cultures seem only conditionally suitable for manometric measurements and should only be used when measurements with intact cell-layers are not possible.
137Cesium Body Burden and Its Variation in 23 Norwegian School Boys
Authors: Madshus Kjell , Strømme Aksel 
Published: February 2015

Twentythree boys from a school in Oslo, born in the years 1945, 1946 and 1947, have been studied with regard to their 137Cs body burden and potassium content. Their average 137Cs body burden increased from 24,2 nC in March 1963 to 46,1 nC in October 1963 and then more slowly to 49,3 nC in March 1964 (or in the ratio 137Cs/K 178, 338, 357 respectively).
The 137Cs body burden which is relatively high compared to what has been found in other countries is partly due to the high concentration of 137Cs in the milk. Those with a large milk consumption seem to have somewhat higher 137Cs body burdens than the others.
Über den Einbau von 5.7.4′-Trihydroxyflavanon-[2.6.8.10-14C4] in Cyanidin und die Isoflavone Biochanin-A und Formononetin
Authors: Patschke Leni , Barz Wolfgang , Grisebach Hans 
Published: February 2015

Phloroglucinol- [2.4.6-14C3] was synthesized from ethyl malonate- [2-14C] and condensed with p-carbethoxycoumaryl chloride; the resulting product was saponified to form 5.7.4'-trihydroxyflavanone- [6.8.10-14C3] (II). The latter compound was mixed with 5.7.4′-trihydroxyflavanone-[2-14C] to yield the desired 5.7.4'-trihydroxyflavanone-[2.6.8.10-14C4] (III). Administration of a sample of III in which the activity ratio ring A/C-2 was 1: 2.04 to red cabbage seedlings led to a cyanidin with an activity ratio ring A/C-2 of 1: 2, as was shown by degradation of the cyanidin to phloroglucinol and protocatechuic acid. This result proves that III is incorporated intact into cyanidin. After administration of III to chana germ (Cicer arietinum) Biochanin A (5.7-dihydroxy-4′-methoxyisoflavone) with an activity ratio of 1:2.24 was obtained. In contrast, there was only a small amount of incorporation of III into formononetin (7-hydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone), and the activity ratio fell to 1 : 7. These results prove the intact and specific incorporation of III into Biochanin A.
When II is fed to Cicer arietinum about 3% of the total activity is found in the respiratory carbon dioxide after 48 hours. From this observation it can be concluded that the plant is able to degrade ring A of II.
Die lichtabhängige Ausbildung der Zellkerne in den Vorkeimen von Dryopteris filix-mas bei Hemmung der Proteinsynthese
Authors: Bergfeld Rainer 
Published: February 2015

It has been shown in a number of papers that the young gametophytes of ferns, e. g. Dryopteris filix-mas, will grow differently under red and under blue light. In red light these sporelings grow as filaments whereas under blue light they form two-dimensional normal prothallia. - The development of the sporelings can be inhibited by the application of methyl-tryptophane. The process of cell division is blocked by this treatment. The blue grown sporelings are much more sensitive than the red grown one.
Under the influence of the antimetabolite methyl-tryptophane the nuclei will swell in both types of sporelings to about the same extent. The application of tryptophane reverses the effects of the antimetabolite on nuclear swelling, cell division and development in general. In the case of the blue grown sporelings much higher concentrations of tryptophane were needed to reverse the inhibition mediated by methyl-tryptophane.
It is assumed that the application of methyl-tryptophane leads to a disintegration of protein and cell metabolism. The transport of substances from the nucleus to the cytoplasm is blocked under these conditions. The result is an accumulation of material in the nucleus which leads to swelling and finally to an inactivation of the nucleus as far as cell division and cell differentiation are concerned. The application of tryptophane gradually leads to a reconstitution of the normal cell metabolism. The swelling of the nucleus is reversed. Apparently the flow of material from the nucleus to the cytoplasm is taken up again which results in normal cell differentiation and mitotic activity.
Die Komplexbildung zwischen Molybdationen und Perjodsäure I
Authors: Jahr Karl Friedrich , Fuchs Joachim , Wiese Günther 
Published: February 2015

Mit Hilfe koindizierter Titrationen, durch Variation der Konzentration eines Reaktionspartners und mit einer mathematischen Analyse der Titrationsergebnisse wird die Komplexbildung zwischen Polymolybdat und Perjodsäure bzw. Natriumperjodat untersucht. Dabei werden folgende Heteropolyanionen nachgewiesen:
[JΜο6O24]5⊖, [ΗJΜο6O24]4⊖, [H2JMo6O24]3⊖, [H3JMo6O24] 2⊖, [H4JMo6O24] 1⊖.
Intramolekulare Wasserstoffverschiebung in der Hexosephosphatisomerase-Reaktion bei der photosynthetischen Stärkebildung in Chlorella
Authors: Dorrer Hans-Dieter , Fedtke Carl , Trebst Achim 
Published: February 2015

Chlorella pyrenoidosa was illuminated in the presence of glucose and fructose echa having carbon-14 and tritium markers. Starch and sucrose were degraded to obtain the intramulocular distribution of 14C and tritium. Glucose-1-14C-2-T was incorporated into the glucose of starch and into the glucose moiety of sucrose without change of the T/14C ratio. Fructose-1-14C-1-T (labelled stereospecifically in the isomerase position) was incorporated into starch, yielding predominately glucose-1-14C-2-T, whereas fructose-1-14C-1-T (labelled in the nonisomerase position) gave mainly glucose-1-14C-1-T.
The results, in particular the transfer of tritium from C-1 of fructose to C-2 of glucose, are interpreted as being a strong indication for an intramolecular hydrogen transfer in the hexosephosphat-isomerase reaction in a multienzyme system of the photosynthetic starch biosynthesis in vivo, shielding the hexoses of T-exchange reactions with water.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Ionisation Quotients of Hydroxytriazenes and the Effect of Substituents on p Ka Values
Authors: Dugar S. M. , Sogani N. C. 
Published: February 2015

Hydroxytriazenes are very weak acids. The conventional potentiometric and conductometric method cannot be employed for determining their ionisation constants. However, these compounds show a distinct colour change in acid and alkaline media. Ultra-violet absorption studies of these compounds have been made1. The absorption maximum at 305 mµ of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-phenyltriazene shifts to 335 mµ in an alkaline solution. The following equilibrium possibly exists:

(molecular form, absorption peak at 305 mµ)
(anion form, absorption peak at 335 mµ)
This change in absorption maximum with PH has been used in determining the ionisation constants of fourteen hydroxytriazenes employing Robinson’s spectrophotometric method
Über Diazoverbindungen, XXV. Mitteilung
Authors: Müller Eugen , Renner R. , Rundel W. 
Published: February 2015

Der Lichtzerfall des Diazomethans in Cyclohexan, Mischungen von Cyclohexan/Cyclohexen und in reinem Cyclohexen zeigt einen übereinstimmenden kinetischen Verlauf; dies deutet auf einen gleichartigen Mechanismus aller drei Reaktionen, offenbar den Carbenmechanismus.
Der thermische Dunkelzerfall des Diazomethans in Cyclohexan verläuft nach einer Reaktion erster Ordnung mit einer Halbwertszeit von ca. 74 Stunden.
Sauerstoff erhöht die photochemische Zerfallsgeschwindigkeit des Diazomethans in Cyclohexan auf das Sechsfache.
Über die ATPase von E. coli B 163 und seiner K-Mangelmutante B 525
Authors: Günther Th. , Dorn F. 
Published: February 2015

Bei E. coli B 163 und seiner K-Mangelmutante B 525 untersuchten wir die Abhängigkeit der ATPase-Aktivität vom pH, von der Mg2 ⊕ - und von der Substratkonzentration sowie die Substrat- und Metallionenspezifität.
Die ATPase aus beiden Stämmen wird durch Na um 20% aktiviert. K und Strophanthin haben keine Wirkung. Durch Behandlung mit Desoxycholat wird die ATPase-Aktivität erhöht, die Aktivierbarkeit durch Na ändert sich dabei nicht.
Zwischen den ATPasen aus E. coli B 163 und B 525 bestehen keine Unterschiede
Stereospezifische Polymerisation von Propylenoxid mit Mn2(CO)10 nach UV-Bestrahlung
Authors: Strohmeier W. , Hartmann P. 
Published: February 2015

Mangandecacarbonyl polymerisiert nach UV-Bestrahlung Propylenoxid stereospezifisch. Die Ausbeute an kristallinem isotaktischem Polypropylenoxid hängt nur von der Reaktionstemperatur ab und nimmt mit abnehmender Temperatur zu.
Im Gegensatz zu den anderen bisher bekannten stereospezifischen Katalysatoren wird mit Mn2 (CO) 10 als Katalysator ein isotaktisches Polymer einheitlicher Kristallinität erhalten.
Die oxydative Phosphorylierung isolierter Leber- und Tumormitochondrien nach Zusatz von ᴅʟ- oder ᴅ(+)-Glycerinaldehyd
Authors: Wand H. , Bacigalupo G. 
Published: February 2015

DL-Glycerinaldehyd wirkte auf isolierte Leber- und Tumormitochondrien von Ratten (Walker-Carcinosarkom 256) als starker Hemmer der Glutamatoxydation und der damit gekoppelten Phosphorylierung. Das Racemat verursachte demnach keine wesentliche Änderung der P/O-Quotienten sowohl von Leber- wie von Tumormitochondrien.
D(+) -Glycerinaldehyd setzte bei den Tumormitochondrien den Phosphatverbrauch stark herab, veränderte die Glutamatoxydation relativ wenig und erniedrigte den P/O-Quotienten deutlich; dagegen blieben Phosphatverbrauch und Glutamatoxydation der Lebermitochondrien unter dieser Einwirkung fast unverändert. D (+) -Glycerinaldehyd verhielt sich also in Gegenwart von Glutamat den Tumormitochondrien gegenüber ähnlich wie ein Entkoppler der oxydativen Phosphorylierung, ein Phänomen, das bei Einsatz von Lebermitochondrien nicht nachzuweisen war.
Die Succinatoxydation und der Phosphatverbrauch der Tumormitochondrien wurden durch ᴅ (+) -Glycerinaldehyd stärker erniedrigt, als dies bei Lebermitochondrien der Fall war. ᴅʟ-Glycerinaldehyd hemmte die Succinatoxydation und den Phosphatverbrauch sowohl von Leber- als auch von Tumormitochondrien in gleichem Maße ohne Senkung der P/O-Quotienten.
Die Einwirkung von DL- bzw. D (+) -Glycerinaldehyd auf Tumormitochondrien mit Pyruvat +Malat als Atmungssubstrate ergab eine beträchtliche Hemmung der mitochondrialen Oxydation und der Phosphorylierung ohne wesentliche Erniedrigung des P/O-Quotienten.
Die sogenannte spontane Schwellung von Lebermitochondrien wurde durch ᴅʟ- oder ᴅ(+)-Glycerinaldehyd nicht beeinflußt.
I. The Terpene Marrubiin
Authors: Breccia Alberto , Badiello Roberto 
Published: February 2015

The biosynthesis of the diterpene marrubiin has been studied using some labelled possible precursors: [2-14C] mevalonate, [1-14C] acetate, [2-14C] acetate, [2-14C] pyruvate, [2,3-14C] succinate, [1,4-14C] succinate, [5-14C] ketoglutarate and [1,5-14C] citrate. Metabolism times of 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 hours were used. The labelled compounds were supplied in solution to flowering white horehound (Marrubium vulgare L.), cut at the base of the stem.
The incorporation results indicate that marrubiin undergoes a rapid turnover with a biological half life of about 24 hours. The rate of up-take of 14C from the prcursors is in the following order: [2-14C] mevalonate, [2-14C] acetate, [1-14C] acetate, [2-14C] pyruvate and [2,3-14C] succinate. Incorporation of 14C from the other compounds is negligible. If [2-14C] mevalonate is used, labelled marrubiin is formed 10 - 100 times more active than with the other precursors.
The results suggest that all the precursors are degradated to acetic units through the Krebs cycle before their utilization, with the exception of mevalonate.
Some samples of marrubiin (I) have been degradated chemically to the corresponding ketoderivative (II), in order to determine the distribution of radioactivity between the decahydronaphthalenic and furanic parts. The results are in good agreement with the distribution of the radioactivity in the molecule, as expected from the terpenoid structure of marrubiin.
Enzymatische und nicht-enzymatische Darstellung von „Thiaminpyrophosphataktiviertem Glykolaldehyd“
Authors: Pohlandt F. , Kohlhaw G. , Holzer H. 
Published: February 2015

1. A reaction mixture, made from pig heart pyruvate oxidase, hydroxypyruvate, thiamine pyrophosphate, and magnesium chloride, is described in which thiamine pyrophosphate is almost quantitatively converted into 2-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-thiamine pyrophosphate (thiamine pyrophosphate-activated glycolaldehyde). This product can be isolated by ion exchange chromatography.
2. 2-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-thiamine pyrophosphate can also be isolated from reaction mixtures of yeast transketolase with hydroxypyruvate, thiamine pyrophosphate, and magnesium chloride, but in very low yield.
3. From non-enzymatic reaction mixtures containing thiamine pyrophosphate and a great excess of glycolaldehyde, a compound could be isolated, the tested properties of which were found to be the same as those of enzymatically prepared 2-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-thiamine pyrophosphate.
4. 2-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-thiamine pyrophosphate gives rise to only 55% of the thiochrome which is produced from the same quantity of thiamine pyrophosphate. This behaviour can be used for the determination of relative concentrations of thiamine pyrophosphate and 2-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-thiamine pyrophosphate in mixtures.
Die Wirkung freier Phagenrezeptoren auf Proteus-Phagen in Gegenwart von Polykationen
Authors: Zickler Fritz 
Published: February 2015

Die Phagen-Rezeptor-Reaktion wird durch Polykationen nur dann gehemmt, wenn die Ionenstärke des Polykations stärker oder ebenso stark ist wie die wirksame Bindungsgruppe im Phagen. Es wird angenommen, daß die in Phagen vorkommenden Spermidin- und Putreszinmoleküle neben ihrer Aufgabe bei der Knäulung der Phagen-DNS noch am Phagenbindungsmechanismus beteiligt sind.
Spermin beeinflußt nicht die Inaktivierung des Pm 2-Phagen durch spezifisches Antiserum.
Darstellung und Struktur von Polyphosphorsäurephenyl-Estern
Authors: Schramm G. , Berger H. 
Published: February 2015

Ethylpolyphosphates have been prepared by reacting P4O10 with either triethylorthophosphate or with ethylether. Phenylpolyphosphates were prepared from P4O10 and triphenylorthophosphate at 300 °C. By the same procedure, o-kresylpolyphosphates could also be obtained, but not p-nitro-phenylpolyphosphates.The various polyphosphate esters were subjected to nuclear magnetic resonance analysis to characterize the distribution of phosphate moieties present, branching groups, middle groups, end groups, and orthophosphates. A true equilibrium between the units was found for ethylpolyphosphates and the systems could be accurately described by the theory of van Wazer. This theory does not seem to hold for the present results with polyphenylphosphates. However, the experimental data can be described quantitatively with a modified form of the theory.Ethylpolyphosphates can either phosphorylate or alkylate nucleophilic groups and alkylation is favored by the presence of protons. Only phosphorylation is observed with phenylpolyphosphates.Solvolysis of the polyphosphate esters with water or n-butanol leads to a very rapid disappearance of branching groups and a slow disappearance of the middle groups. The amount of reactive phosphorus can be calculated from the nuclear magnetic resonance data.The application of phenylpolyphosphates for a number of synthetic procedures is discussed.
Hemmung der steroidabhängigen Enzyminduktion bei Pseudomonas testosteroni mit Alkaloiden
Authors: Maturová M. , Beckmann H. , Wacker A. 
Published: February 2015

Induction of the enzyme Δ5-3-ketosteroid isomerase in Pseudomonas testosteroni was found to be strongly inhibited by reserpine and by the alkaloids of Vinca and Ergot. Morphine, colchicine and papaverine caused weaker inhibition whilst a series of other alkaloids were almost ineffective. Ergot alkaloids were inhibitory towards all steroids tested, androgens, oestrogens and progestagens, and a similar effect was shown with the other inducible enzymes, 3α- and 3β.17β-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase.Experiments with cell-free protein synthesis indicate that reserpine inhibits the induction of messenger RNA.
Embryonale Induktion und Hemmung der Ribonucleinsäure-Synthese durch Actinomycin D
Authors: Tiedemann Hildegard , Born Jochen , Tiedemann Heinz 
Published: February 2015

Blastoporal lip (presumptive notochord and myotomes) together with adjacent ectoderm (which is induced to form the neural system by the blastoporal lip) from early gastrulae was explanted and treated with 0,5—2,5 µg/ml actinomycin D for periods ranging from two hours to several days. The RNA synthesis is completely inhibited at 2,5 μg/ml Actinomycin D and partially inhibited at 0,5 μg/ml actinomycin D. At 2,5 µg/ml some notochordal cells are still formed, but the differentiation of neural tissue is completely inhibited. At 0,5 μg/ml actinomycin D notochord and muscle are more resistent than the neural tissue.
The inducing capacity of the blastoporal lip is not diminished after treatment with actinomycin D. Actinomycin D must therefore impair the competence of the ectoderm to be induced by inhibiting the RNA synthesis.
If tissues from tailbuds, which are already differentiating into muscle, notochord and spinal cord are explanted and treated with actinomycin D the differentiation is partially inhibited, but a differential sensitivity of these tissues is not observed.
The overall rate of protein synthesis is somewhat enhanced after treatment with 0,5 μg/ml actinomycin D for 2 — 5 hours.
Messung der Kaliumisotopen-Verteilung an menschlichen und tierischen Zellen zum Studium des aktiven Transports
Authors: Zimmermann U. , Wagener K. 
Published: February 2015

Die massenspektrometrische Messung des Kaliumisotopen-Verhältnisses K39/K41 im Zellwasser und extracellulären Medium bei Menschen- und Hühnerblut sowie Fl-Zellen ergab innerhalb der Fehlergrenze von ± 0,35% keine Verschiebung im Isotopenverhältnis.
In Anbetracht des großen Konzentrationsunterschiedes, den das Kalium zwischen beiden Phasen zeigt, ist diese auffällige Tatsache von Bedeutung bei der Klärung des aktiven Transportmechanismus.
Die Aminosäuresequenz des Asparaginsäure enthaltenden Mureins von Lactobacillus coryniformis und Lactobacillus cellobiosus
Authors: Plapp Roland , Kandler Otto 
Published: February 2015

The amino acid sequence of the peptide moiety of the mureins of Lactobacillus coryniformis and Lactobacillus cellobiosus cell walls was determined. This was accomplished by the identification of peptides obtained after partial hydrolysis of purified cell walls and by the identification of UDP-activated murein precursors accumulated by ᴅ-cycloserine inhibition. The amino acid sequence proved to be : ʟ-ala-ᴅ-glu-ʟ-lys-ᴅ-ala for L. coryniformis and L-ala-D-glu-L-orn-D-ala for L. cellobio-.
D-asp D-asp
sus. Aspartic acid is involved in the cross-linking of the mureins by forming a peptide bond with the C-terminal D-alanine of an adjacent muropeptide. Glutamic acid as well as aspartic acid are present as amides.
Nucleinsäuren in Chloroplasten I. Charakterisierung der DNS und RNS von Antirrhinum majus
Authors: Ruppel Hans Georg 
Published: February 2015

The occurrence of nucleic acids in chloroplast preparations and leaves of Antirrhinum majus has been investigated.
Chloroplast preparations isolated from freeze-dried leaves in a non-aqueous medium were found to contain DNA. Characterization of the DNA was based on chemical analyses and density gradient centrifugation. The chloroplast DNA has a density of 1.698 g/cm3 corresponding to a guaninecytosine content of 37 — 38%. The hyperchromic effect of the DNA has shown its double-stranded structure. Leaf DNA has also been characterized by density gradient centrifugation and shown to contain as major component the nuclear DNA with a density of 1.689 g/cm3 which corresponds to a guanine-cytosine content of about 31% and a minor component identified as chloroplast DNA.
Extraction of the total nucleic acids of chloroplast preparations and their chromatographic separation on methylated serum albumin column yielded 5 fractions as follows: Soluble RNA (fraction I) with s=3.8—4.0, DNA (fraction II) containing small but detectable amounts of an unknown RNA component, two RNA fractions presumable of ribosomal origin with s = 17 (fraction III) and s = 26 (fraction IV), and a RNA fraction heterogeneous in molecular size (fraction V) with s=23 — 50. The soluble RNA has a high GC-content whereas fraction V shows a relative high adenine content. Compared with the nucleic acids from leaves the chloroplast preparations contain the same fractions, differing only in the higher content of fraction III related to the amount of fraction IV. Beside the DNA fraction of leaf extract with the sedimentation coefficient of s = 12 — 13 a further UV-absorbing component with s=5.0—5.5 has been found. Its character is unknown.
Zur Strukturaufklärung des Additionsproduktes von Maleinsäureanhydrid an β-Naphthol
Authors: Naegele Walter , Wendisch Detlef 
Published: February 2015

TAKEDA und KITAHONOKI 1 beschrieben die Addition von Maleinsäureanhydrid an β-Naphthol und machten vor allem durch IR-spektroskopische Untersuchungen eine bicyclische Struktur (I) für das Addukt wahrscheinlich.
Durch kernresonanzspektroskopische Untersuchungen konnten wir einen sicheren Strukturbeweis für das Additionsprodukt im Sinne von Struktur I erbringen.
Wachstumsgeschwindigkeit der Peptidkette im Tabakmosaikvirus
Authors: Diringer H. , Anderer F. A. , Schramm G. 
Published: February 2015

The rate of incorporation of labelled amino acids into the complete tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), into soluble virus protein and into soluble cell proteins has been determined in discs of infected and healthy tobacco leaves. The rate of overall protein synthesis is increased by 50% in the infected leaves. At least 60% of the increase derives from the synthesis of virus-specific proteins and the synthesis of cellular proteins is not inhibited. The virus protein synthesis is strongly temperature dependent and shows a maximum at 28 °C.
The exchange of free labelled amino acids between the external medium and the inner cellular pool reaches equilibrium within ten minutes. The influence of the exchange rate on the measurement of the kinetics of peptide chain synthesis is discussed in detail.
Discs from infected leaves were incubated for short periods at low temperatures in media containing 3H-tyrosine or 3H-proline. Peptides isolated after 5 minutes incubation at 15 °C were found to be uniformly labelled with no apparent gradient of radioactivity from the N- to the C-terminus. The results indicate that the growth rate of the peptide chain at 15 °C is probably higher than 2 - 3 amino acids/sec and at 28 °C higher than 20 amino acids/sec. These values are higher than those for animal cells and similar to those for protein synthesis in Escherichia coli.
Comparison of the growth rate of TMV protein with rate of total protein synthesis and the number of ribosomes in the tobacco leaves indicate that only a small portion of the ribosomes takes part in cell protein synthesis.