bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Responses of Hyalella azteca to acute and chronic microplastic exposures
Authors: Au Sarah Y. , Bruce Terri F. , Bridges William C. , Klaine Stephen J. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

Limited information is available on the presence of microplastics in freshwater systems, and even less is known about the toxicological implications of the exposure of aquatic organisms to plastic particles. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of microplastic ingestion on the freshwater amphipod, Hyalella azteca. Hyalella azteca was exposed to fluorescent polyethylene microplastic particles and polypropylene microplastic fibers in individual 250-mL chambers to determine 10-d mortality. In acute bioassays, polypropylene microplastic fibers were significantly more toxic than polyethylene microplastic particles; 10-d lethal concentration 50% values for polyethylene microplastic particles and polypropylene microplastic fibers were 4.64 × 104 microplastics/mL and 71.43 microplastics/mL, respectively. A 42-d chronic bioassay using polyethylene microplastic particles was conducted to quantify effects on reproduction, growth, and egestion. Chronic exposure to polyethylene microplastic particles significantly decreased growth and reproduction at the low and intermediate exposure concentrations. During acute exposures to polyethylene microplastic particles, the egestion times did not significantly differ from the egestion of normal food materials in the control; egestion times for polypropylene microplastic fibers were significantly slower than the egestion of food materials in the control. Amphipods exposed to polypropylene microplastic fibers also had significantly less growth. The greater toxicity of microplastic fibers than microplastic particles corresponded with longer residence times for the fibers in the gut. The difference in residence time might have affected the ability to process food, resulting in an energetic effect reflected in sublethal endpoints. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:2564–2572. © 2015 SETAC
The relationship between high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein at admission and post stroke depression: a 6‐month follow‐up study
Authors: Yang Rui‐rui , Lu Bo‐cheng , Li Tao , Du Yi‐feng , Wang Xiang , Jia Yan‐xia 
Published: June 2015

ObjectiveA large body of evidence suggests that stroke and depression are accompanied by activation of inflammatory pathways. Thus, the primary purpose of this study was to assess the high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (Hs‐CRP) to the presence of post stroke depression (PSD).MethodsTwo hundred and twenty‐six ischemic stroke patients admitted to the hospital within the first 24 hours after stroke onset were consecutively recruited and followed up for 6 months. Clinical information was collected. Serum Hs‐CRP levels were measured at baseline. Based on the symptoms, diagnoses of depression were made in accordance with DSM‐IV criteria for depression at 6‐month after stroke.ResultsAt 6‐month, ninety‐five patients (42.0%) showed depression at 6 months after admission and in 69 patients (30.5%) this depression was classified as major. In the 69 patients with major depression, our results showed significantly higher Hs‐CRP levels (1.54[IQR, 0.79–2.27]mg/dL vs. 0.43[IQR, 0.31–1.27]mg/dL, P<0.0001) at admission than patients without major depression. After adjusting for NIHSS on admission and all other recorded confounders, Hs‐CRP still was an independent predicator of PSD with an adjusted OR of 1.339 (95% CI, 1.231–1.456; P<0.001). Further, in our study, we found that an increased risk of PSD was associated with serum Hs‐CRP levels ≥0.85mg/dL (adjusted OR 7.830, 95% CI: 4.193–14.620) after adjusting for above recorded confounders.ConclusionElevated Hs‐CRP serum levels at admission was found to be associated with depression 6‐month after stroke, suggesting that these alterations might participate in the pathophysiology of depression symptoms in stroke patients. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bis(thiocarbamates): Synthesis and Substituent Effects on the Barrier to N‐CO Rotation
Authors: Maouati Hamida , Sanhoury M. A. K. , Merlet D. , Chehidi I. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThe synthesis of a new series of variously substituted bis(thiocarbamates) from the addition of dithiols to isocyanates is described. These bis(thiocarbamates) were fully characterized by NMR, IR, and HRMS analyses. In addition, the effect of different substituents on the hindered rotation about the N‐CO bond in these bis‐thiocarbamates was investigated through dynamic NMR experiments.
Transoral robotic retropharyngeal node dissection
Authors: Givi Babak , Troob Scott H. , Stott Will , Cordeiro Teresa , Andersen Peter E. , Gross Neil D. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundSurgical access to metastases in the retropharyngeal lymph nodes (RPLNs) could be difficult. Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) can be utilized to access RPLNs. The purpose of this study was to describe a TORS approach to RPLN dissection.MethodsA case series of patients undergoing RPLN dissection by TORS was conducted and compared to matched controls (1:2).ResultsTwelve patients underwent robotic RPLN dissection. Median age was 63 years (range, 43–73 years). Pathology was oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in 9 patients and papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) in 3 patients. The feeding tube dependence duration was 12 days (range, 1–46 days) on average. Complications occurred in 8 patients (66%); most commonly, aspiration pneumonitis in 6 patients. In comparison to the matched controls (24), there was no difference in length of stay or feeding tube dependence. Complications were higher in patients with oropharyngeal SCC.ConclusionTORS is feasible for accessing RPLNs. The procedure is well tolerated in patients with PTC; whereas patients with oropharyngeal SCC are at increased risk of complications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E981–E986, 2016
Merkel cell carcinoma: Overall survival after open biopsy versus wide local excision
Authors: Haymerle Georg , Fochtmann Alexandra , Kunstfeld Rainer , Pammer Johannes , Erovic Boban M. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundMerkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive neuroendocrine tumor of the skin with a dismal prognosis.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective medical chart review of patients with MCC who were initially diagnosed with an open biopsy (n = 30) or wide local excision (n = 24).ResultsStages I, II, and III disease was found in 38%, 20%, and 16%, respectively. The 2‐year and 5‐year overall and disease‐specific survival rates were 64.8% and 38.8% versus 45.2% and 26.4%, respectively. Cox regression multivariate model, including tissue sampling technique, re‐resection, therapy modalities, pathological staging, and T and N classifications, showed that patients diagnosed initially with an open biopsy have significant worse overall (p = .014) and disease‐free (p = .005) survival rates compared with patients who had a wide local excision.ConclusionThis study showed an improved overall survival in patients with MCC after wide local excision compared to open biopsy of the primary site at first diagnosis. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1014–E1018, 2016
Minimum absolute lymphocyte count during radiotherapy as a new prognostic factor for nasopharyngeal cancer
Authors: Cho Oyeon , Oh Young‐Taek , Chun Mison , Noh O‐Kyu , Hoe Jae‐Sung , Kim Hwanik 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to investigate whether the minimum absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) during radiotherapy (RT) could predict clinical outcome in patients with nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC).MethodsWe analyzed 70 patients with NPC including 63 patients treated with chemoradiotherapy and used multivariate analysis to determine whether minimum ALC affected clinical outcome.ResultsPatients were grouped by minimum ALC, with a cutoff of 245 cells/μL. Five‐year disease‐specific survival (DSS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) for patients with minimum ALC ≥245 versus minimum ALC <245 were 88.1% versus 60.8% (p = .004) and 71.2% versus 35.2% (p = .004). All 10 patients with minimum ALC <120 experienced disease progression. Four of 6 patients (67%) with ALC <120 who died experienced disease progression within 6 months.ConclusionMinimum ALC may predict poor 5‐year DSS and should be evaluated by prospective studies. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1061–E1067, 2016
Studies on Thermodynamic Properties of Polyvalent Electrolytes from E. M. F. Measurements. I. The Silver‐Silver Chromate Electrode
Authors: Pan Kuan 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The solubility product of silver chromate was determined from e.m.f. of the cell,magnified imageby extrapolation of the function,magnified imageto x=0 and then m=0. K s.p. in the temperature range of 20° to 40°C is expressed bymagnified image
The molal heat of solution of silver chromate was evaluated from the temperature coefficient of 1n Ks.p. and given bymagnified image
The standard potential of the Ag; Ag3CrO4(s), CrO4− electrode was evaluated from E° = π°Ag;Ag+ − k log Ks.p. It is given bymagnified image
The molal free energy change for solution of Ag2CrO4(s) is given bymagnified image
The molal heat, free energy and entropy change of formation of silver chromate from its elements at 25°C were evaluated.
Conjugated Unsaturated Ketones. IV. The Wohl‐Ziegler Reaction
Authors: Yeh Ping‐Yuan 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe structures of the products resulting from the reactions of N‐bromosuccinimide with dibenzalcyclohexanon and with dibenzalcyclo‐Pentanons, as well as their tetrabromides, were established. The ethylenic linkage remaining in the tetrabromides did not add bromine, while they were catalytically hydrogenated to give the corresponding cycloalkanone derivatives.
Esesntial Oils. II. Oil of “Yüh Tsu”, Citrus Maxima (Burm f.) Merrill
Authors: Yeh Ping‐Hsien 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAnalytical data show that the Peel of Citrus maxima (Burm f.) Merrill contain 0.15% of essential oil, 90% of which d‐limonene, the rest being 0.6% d‐penene, 1% cadinene, 2.5% terpene alcohols, 3% sesquiterpene alcohols, and 0.2% of undetermined substance of an ester fragrancy.
Allyl Resins. III. Polymerization of Monomers
Authors: Cheng T.Y. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe refractive indices and Viscosities of six allyl resins, Polymerized at 70°C, with 1% catalyst, have been found to increase with the increase of, time of polymerization, especially those containing polyfunctional groups. The specific gravities of those resins containing bifunctional groups, such as allyl stearate, have been found to increase with the increase of time up to a certain point, and then to remain constant.The conversions of monomers containing more than two functional groups, such as tri‐allyl citrate (T.A.C.), di‐allyl phthalate (D.A.P.) and di‐allyl adipate (D.A.A.) were different. T.A.C. attained highest percentage of conversion, while. D.A.A., the lowest.When D.A.P. was copolymerized with T.A.C., only a slight increase of percentage conversion was observed, but with D.A.A., instead of T.A.C., the percentage conversion decreased. When T.A.C., D.A.A., or allyl stearate was used as modifier in the polymerization of D.A.P., the volume contraction of the latter decreased considerably with the increase of the modifier and reached a minimum if the content of modifier was 9% by volume. The contraction increased greatly when 10% of the modifier had been added.
A Physico‐Chemical Study on the Stability of Metal Complexes of Hinokitiol
Authors: Pan Kuan , Hseu Tong Ming 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe stabilities of the complexes formed by hinokitiol (β‐isopropyl tropolone) and bivalent metals, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Ni, were studied stepwisely by means of potentiometric titration with glass electrode. The stability constants, K1 and K2 for copper, zinc and lead‐hinokitiol complexes, (M. Hin)+ and (M. Hin2), and K1, K2 and K3 for nickel complexes, (M. Hin)+, (M. Hin2) and (M. Hin3)−, were evaluated from the pH values observed.
The Reactions of Halogen Compounds with Disodium Enolate of Succinosuccinic Ester. I. The Reaction with Iodoacetic Ester
Authors: Chang Daniel Y. , Shieh Nan , Liu Tien Chih 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe reaction of iodoacetic ester with disodium enolate of succinosuccinic ester has been found to give two C, C‐derivatives, presumably geometrical isomers. Both of them have been isolated as crystalline substances. The oily product from which these crystalline substances had been removed, has been found to consist mainly of an unsaturated substance resulted from the catalytic decomposition of one of the C, C‐derivatives. Characterisation and cleavage of these substances led to interesting results.
8‐Hydroxyquinolinate of Quadripositive Praseodymium
Authors: Chang Tjao‐Hsü 
Published: June 2015

AbstractGreenish yellow Pr(C9H6NO)4·H2O has been prepared in the same manner as the 8‐hydroxyquinolinate of quadripositive neodymium(1). The quadrivalence of praseodymium has been confirmed bromometrically, 15 bromine atoms being needed to brominate one molecule of the substance.Yellow Pr(C9H6NO)3 · H2O has also been prepared by the addition of alcoholic solution of 8‐hydroxyquinoline to a dilute aqueous solution of Pr(NO3)3 and bromometrically tested.
Oxine‐Sulfonic Acid Complex Anion of Quadripositive Neodymium
Authors: Chang Tiao‐Hsü 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe existence of the oxine‐sulfonic acid complex anion of quadripositive neodymium, [Nd (C9H5NOSO3)4]4− has been verified.The atomic ratio of neodymium to sulfur in the electrolyzed oxine‐sulfonic acid complex anion was determined and found to be 1:4, while before electrolysis, the ratio was practically 1:3.
The Essential Oil of Chamaecyparis Taiwanensis, Masamune et Suzuki. II. Chamaecin, a New Natural Tropoloid
Authors: Lin Yau‐Tang , Wang Kung‐Tsung , Chen Chen‐Loung 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA natural tropoloid, previously unknown, has been isolated. On fusion with potassium hydroxide, it gave 2‐hydroxy‐4‐isopropyl‐benzoic acid.
Synthesis of N‐p‐Chlorophenyl‐N′, N′‐Dimethylurea
Authors: Chiang Fan‐Tih 
Published: June 2015

AbstractN‐p‐Chlorophenyl‐N′, N′‐dimethylurea (CMU) was synthesized by the reaction of p‐chlorophenyl isocyanate with dimethylamine in mono‐chlorobenzene. The yield was 82.17%. p‐Chlorophenyl isocyanate was prepared by heating p‐chlorocarbamyl chloride, which was synthesized by phosgenation of p‐chloroaniline in ethylene chloride. p‐Chlorophenyl carbamyl chloride was crystallized as colorless needles from ethylene chloride.
Physico‐Chemical Studies on Hinokitiol. I. A Polarographic Study on Hinokitiol
Authors: Hseu Tong Ming 
Published: June 2015

AbstractHinokitiol (β‐isopropyl tropolone; C10H12O2) was electrolytically reduced in a polarograph in universal buffers containing phenylacetic acid at 30° C. The dependencies of the half‐wave potentials and diffusion current for different pH values and concentrations were observed. A single wave was found in the polarograms obtained in acid and in alkaline buffers while two waves were round in neutral buffers. Apparent diffusion coefficients were calculated from the Ilkovic equation and the effect of pH on D value was shown. It was found that the ionization constant of Hinokitiol obtained from the polarographic data in 0.2% alcohol solution was in good agreement with those obtained from potentiometric titration.
Study on the Extractive Constituents from the Wood of Libocedrus Formosana, Florin. I.
Authors: Lo Tung‐Bin , Lin Yau‐Tang 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe acidic components from the wood of Libocedrus formosana, Florin were studied. Thujic acid (4,4‐dimethyl‐2,5,7‐cycloheptatriene carbo‐xylic acid) and shonanic acid were isolated. The structure of shonanic acid would be 4, 4‐di‐methyl‐?, ?‐cycloheptadiene carboxylic acid rather than Ichikawa's 5, 5‐dimethyl, 4‐methylene‐2‐cyclohexene carboxylic acid as revealed by the data of its infrared and ultra‐violet absorption spectra and the results of catalytic hydrogenation.
Study on the Extractive Constituents from the Wood of Libocedrus Formosana, Florin. II. Interconversions between isoshonanic acid and thujic acid
Authors: Lin Yau‐Tan , Lo Tung‐Bin , Lin Tz‐Hong 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe carbon skeleton of isoshonanic acid was elucidated as 4, 4‐di‐methylcycloheptadien carboxylic acid, and the interconversion between isoshonanic acid and thujic acid were described.
Refractive Index of Aqueous Solutions of Potassium Dodecyl Sulfonate and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate
Authors: Lin Wei‐Chuwan 
Published: June 2015

AbstractRefractive index of dilute aqueous solution of potassium dodecyl sulfonate and sodium dodecyl sulfate have been measured as a function of concentration at 25°C. It is found that the feature of the refractive index curve resembles that of those curves for specific conductivity and density and that the intersection of the resulting two straight lines determines the critcal concentration for the formation of micelles.
Polarographic Studies of Dipicrylamine. II. Kinetic Study on Dipicrylamine by Polarographic Method
Authors: Lin Zui‐Feng , Yu Shan‐Hsiu 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA kinetic study on the formation of dipicrylamine by the interaction of dipicrylaminate and hydrogen ion was carried out amperometrically in a series of buffers of pH 3‐5 at 25°C. The order of reaction was estimated and the rate constants in various buffers were calculated in which the effects of the reverse reaction and the total ionic strengths of the solutions were taken into cosideration. The effect of pH on the rate constant was also observed and the true rate constant of the reaction was computed. From the knowledge of the dissociation constant of dipicrylamine, the rate constant for the reverse reaction could be evaluated. Polarographic behavior of dipicrylaminate in low pH range was reinvestigated and the reliability of the experimental procedure was verified○
Spectrophotometric Study on Dipicrylamine
Authors: Lin Zui‐Feng 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA spectrophotometric study on dipicrylamine and sodium dipicrylaminate was carried out at 25°C and 30°C. The molar extinction coefficients at 350, 380 and 430 mμ for each species were given from which the actual concentrations of dipicrylamine and dipicrylaminate in buffers of various pH, ranging from 3 to 5 or in conductivity water, were calculated. Ka for yellow dipicrylamine could be thus evaluated directly by combining with the pH values of the buffers. The solubility of dipicrylamine in water was also calculated with the same calculation. A new method of determining the concentration of dipicrylaminate was proposed.
Separation of Metals by Anion Exchange Resins. IV. Separation of RaE (Bi210) and RaF (Po210) from Radioactive Spring Sediment, Hokutolite
Authors: Chen Ying‐Mao 
Published: June 2015

AbstractRaE (Bi210) and RaF (Polonium) present in complicated hot spring sediment, Hokutolite, was selectively separated and purified in the form of complex chloride anions with anion exchange resin. After the two anionic complexes had been adsorbed by the resin bed of the chloride form of Amberlite IRA‐400 and separated from most cations in the sediment, the column was then washed with 8N and 0.5 N hydrochloric acid to remove lead and iron that might form anionic chloride complexes and partly retained by the column, RaE and RaF thus freed from other impurities and still held by the resin column could be eluted separately with normal sulfuric acid and perchloric (1:1) acid respectively. Radiochemical purity of these activities were checked by the decay experiments and the results were quite satisfactory.
Paper Chromatographic Studies of the Tropolones of some Cupressaceae in Formosa
Authors: Yau‐Tang Lin , Tung‐Bin Lo , Kung‐Tsung Wang 
Published: June 2015

AbstractZavarin‐Anderson paper chromatographic method was applied to identify the tropolonic constituents in the extracts of heartwood from four species of Formosan Cupresssaceae. The presence of α‐and β‐thujaplicin in Chamaecyparis Taiwanensis, β‐ thujaplicin in C hamaecy paris formosensis, β‐ and γ‐ thujaplicin in Libocedrus formosana and α‐, β‐ thujaplicin and nootkatin in Juniperus formosana was confirmed.
The Thermodynamics of Silver Sulfate from E. M. F. Measurements
Authors: Pan Kuan , Lin Jeong‐Long 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe e. m. f.'s of the cells,Cd/CdSO4 · 8/3 H2O(satd.)/Cd‐Hg(2‐phase), andCd‐Hg(2‐phase)/CdSO4 · 8/3 H2O(satd.)/Ag2SO4(s)‐Ag,were observed at 25°, 30°, 40°, 50° and 60°C.The saturated cadmium amalgam electrode has been employed in evaluating the standard potential of the silver‐silver sulfate electrode, the activity‐product constants of Ag2SO4, and thermodynamic data for the reactionsCd + Ag2SO4 = 2Ag + Cd++ + SO4−and2Hg + Ag2SO4 = Hg2SO4 + 2Agin the temperature range of interest. The molar heat and free energy change for the formation of Ag2SO4 at 25°C have been evaluated.
A Polarographic Study of Uranyl‐Sulfosalicylate Complex
Authors: Hseu Tong‐Ming 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPolarographic studies of uranyl perchlorate in the presence of an excess of sulfosalicylate have given an information for the complex formation of the 1: 1 uranyl sulfosalicylate at pH 4.68, corresponding to the reaction:U[VI]: sulfosalicylate + H+ + e → U[V]: sulfosalicylate Above pH 4.9, however, the polarographic wave splitted into two reduction waves which may be attributed to the dissociation of the complex, and the reduction of U[VI] to U[V] and U[V] to U[VI].
Physico‐Chemical Studies of Hinokitiol. II. A Spectrophotometric Study on Hinokitiol
Authors: Hseu Tong‐Ming 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA spectrophotometric study of hinokitiol in universal buffers of various pH's was carried out at 30°. The ionization constant obtained at ionic strength 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 for hinokitiol were extrapolated to zero ionic strength to give a corresponding constant of 6.16 × 10−8.
Ion Exchange Method for the Separation of MsTh1(Ra228) MsTh2(Ac228) ThB(Pb212) and ThC(Bi212) from thorium nitrate
Authors: Chen Ying‐Mao , Wong Chiu‐Ming 
Published: June 2015

AbstractRecovery and purification of radiochemically useful isotopes, Msh1, MsTh2, ThB and ThC from commercially available aged thorium nitrate were studied by means of ion exchange method. The thorium ion, after having been converted to complex ions by the addition of complex forming reagents such as tartaric acid, citric acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), was not retained by the cation exchange resin column of Dowex 50 in Na‐form when it was allowed to pass through, while its daughter decay products were retained. With the above mentioned organic acids as complex‐forming reagents, the amounts of recovery of the activities were of the following order: tartaric acid > citric acid > EDTA.Using 2N HCl as an eluting solution, MsTh, ThB and ThC were eluted out of the column, but MsTh2 was left behind. The latter, however, could be eluted out when 4N HCl was used as eluting solution. When this effluents of 2N HCl was allowed to pass through another resin column of anion exchange resin, Amberlite IRA‐400 in chloride form, ThB and ThC were absorbed, and only MsTh1 passed through without retention.Separation of ThB and ThC from each other was carried out by eluting with 8N HCl. By this treatment only ThB was eluted out off the column and ThC was still retained. ThC could be eluted out off the column by means of 2N H2SO4.Using the simple procedure outlined above, the authors succeeded in separating the radioactive decay daughters MsTh1, MsTh2, ThB and ThC from their parent Th232, and from one another. The radiochemical purity of these decay daughters was checked by following their decay curves. These results mere quite satisfactory,
Paper Chromatography of Phenols by Polyamide Impregnated Paper
Authors: Wang Kung‐Tsung 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPaper chromatography of phenols on polyamide impregnated paper was devised. Fourteen phenols in seven different solvents were studied. The Rf values were tabulated. The relation between the structure of phenols and Rf values was discussed. This method was applied for the identification of phenolic constituents of Chamaecyparis formosensis Matum, in wich p‐cresol, o‐cresol and carvacrol were identified.