bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An analysis of the quality of 1920s dresses from a university collection
Authors: Saiki Diana , Stephens Gary 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyse eveningwear dresses from the 1920s in a university collection with a quality framework often used by university classes for examining contemporary clothing. The method provided an in-depth analysis identifying critical features of garments from the 1920s and information about the state of ready-to-wear in the 1920s worn in a small town. Exploring application of curricular concepts provides new approaches to examining textiles and apparel in research and curation.
Intensifiers and reflexives in SAE, Insular Celtic and English
Authors: Irslinger Britta 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Intensifiers and reflexives have been studied as features both in areal linguistics and in the context of substratum hypotheses. While typical SAE languages differentiate between intensifiers and reflexives, English, Welsh and Irish use complex intensifiers for both functions. This article discusses the two strategies with regard to their diachronic developments, starting with PIE. Complex intensifiers are first recorded in Old British and emerge only later in English and Irish. These complex intensifiers are then increasingly used as reflexives, constituting an instance of areal divergence from SAE between the late Middle Ages and the early modern period. Breton, on the other hand, maintains its intensifier - reflexive differentiation due to areal convergence.
PbSe/CdSe Thin-Shell Colloidal Quantum Dots
Authors: Zaiats Gary , Yanover Diana , Vaxenburg Roman , Shapiro Arthur , Safran Aron , Hesseg Inbal , Sashchiuk Aldona , Lifshitz Efrat 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The present work describes the structural and optical characterization
of PbSe and PbSe/CdSe colloidal quantum dots
(CQDs), the latter being produced by cation exchange of Pb2+
for Cd2+ ions. The cation exchange occurs on preferred
crystallographic facets and results in either non-concentric
CdSe shells or Pb
x
Cd1–x
Se alloyed-shell
layers. The obtained heterostuctures are referred to as
PbSe/CdSe “thin shell” CQDs. The parent
PbSe CQDs are limited to relatively small diameters of
3–4 nm, with absorption edge between 1.0 and
1.3 eV. The steady-state and time-resolved
photoluminescence spectra recorded at various temperatures reveal the
following properties of the PbSe/CdSe CQDs: (1) the
photoluminescence intensity of air-free CQDs is maintained upon their
exposure to oxygen; (2) the band-edge exciton lifetime is extended by
about a factor of two relative to the parent PbSe CQDs. The
experimental results and the effective mass-based calculations suggest
the formation of alloyed shells and highlight a pronounced effect of
core displacement from the CQD center on the heterostructure optical
properties.
Relación entre el abuso del alcohol y la religión en adolescentes mexicanos
Authors: Vargas-Valle Eunice Danitza , Martinez Canizales Georgina 
Published: December 2014

Este artículo analiza las asociaciones del abuso de alcohol con la afiliación religiosa, la asistencia a la iglesia y el valor por la religión entre los adolescentes mexicanos, y examina las interacciones entre estas variables independientes, siendo esta su principal contribución. A partir de la Encuesta Nacional de la Juventud 2010, se emplearon estadísticas descriptivas y modelos multivariados de regresión logística. Los evangélicos exhibieron momios más bajos de abusar del alcohol que los católicos, así como aquellos con un mayor valor por la iglesia y que asistían a esta, acompañados de padres o amigos. Entre los católicos, sólo asistir a la iglesia con los padres se asoció a menores momios de abuso del alcohol, respecto a no ir a la iglesia, lo mismo que los evangélicos, para quienes también asistir con otras personas redujo estos momios. No obstante, asistir a la iglesia con los padres sin tener valor por la religión no protegió a los adolescentes del abuso del alcohol. Tampoco asistir a la iglesia solo (sin compañía) se asoció a esta protección, aun cuando los adolescentes tuvieran un valor alto por la religión. Se concluye que ambos, tanto ser parte de una red social que asiste a la iglesia, como tener valor por esta, condicionan la asociación del abuso del alcohol con la afiliación religiosa y son factores protectores fundamentales contra el abuso del alcohol entre los adolescentes mexicanos.
Effect of Batter Ageing on Microbial, Physiochemical Changes and Sensory Quality of Sel-roti
Authors: Dahal Santosh , Katawal Surendra Bahadur 
Published: December 2014

Sel-roti is a deep-fat fried, puffed, circular spongy doughnut like indigenous,non- alcoholic fermented cereal product of Nepal. A study was conducted to study the effect of batter ageing on physiochemical and microbial changes and its impact on sensory quality of Sel-roti.Ten samples of batters were aged for 9 h at 3 h interval at temperatures30°C, 40°C and 50°C.After ageing, acidity as lactic acid, reducing sugar and total sugar contents of the batter had increased significantly (P<0.05). The total sugar content of the batter started to decrease after 6 h of ageing. During the ageing period of 3 hour bulk density of products were decreased significantly (p<0.05) for all temperatures of ageing but after 3 hours of ageing it was increased slightly for 40°C. Fat uptake of sel-rotifound to decrease as ageing proceeds. Lactic acid bacteria, yeasts and mold co-existed in sel-rotibatter. LAB and yeast count at the end of 9 hour of aging was higher at 30°C than at 40°C. LAB and yeast count at 50°C was markedly decreased during 9 hour of ageing of batter. Mold count in the samples of batter during aging was decreased at all temperatures. Among study time and temperature of ageing quality of sel-roti prepared from batter aged at 30°C for 6 hour was found to be good in terms of sensory quality and cost effectiveness. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfstn.v8i0.11721 J. Food Sci. Technol. Nepal, Vol. 8 (12-17), 2013
Grape Dryer Using Infrared Radiation : An Experimental Study
Authors: Santosh Joshi Snehal , Vishnu Joshi Santosh 
Published: December 2014

Preserving fruits by drying is an important operation continued from prehistoric period. Infrared radiation can be used for grape drying purpose. It is unique process and distinctly different from conventional or natural drying. The infrared radiations accelerate drying process with a better control to achieve uniform drying, reduced drying time and ultimately improved product quality. Besides, it requires less floor space and compact system are the additional advantages. In this paper existing natural grape drying process is modified with suitable enclosure containing IR radiators and allied system. Appropriate sensors are used to measure parameters like humidity, temperature and weight of sample. Experimental analysis done with the help of dryer proves the uniform drying of the grapes with the help of infrared radiation. The original color of grapes is better conserved as the drying takes place at low temperature. The drying time is reduced to a significant level as compared to natural drying process. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfstn.v8i0.11722 J. Food Sci. Technol. Nepal, Vol. 8 (18-22), 2013
La haute fonction publique hellénique : la permanence du provisoire
Authors: Spanou Calliope 
Published: December 2014

Résumé	La haute fonction publique hellénique a souvent été reformée sans que les enjeux réels de son statut et de son rôle n’aient été véritablement traités. Impartialité et mérite ont occupé l’essentiel des efforts mais le rôle d’interface avec le politique n’a pas été clarifié. La mobilité interministérielle reste quasi‑absente. La crise économique a fourni l’occasion d’une nouvelle approche dans le cadre plus général de la réforme administrative. Il semble que la haute fonction publique se voit renforcée tout en étant tenue dans un état transitoire depuis 2009. Entretemps, la relation symbiotique avec le politique persiste et semble lui permettre d’échapper aux mesures les plus dures qui ont affecté le reste de la fonction publique.
German Regional Administrative Elites, New Public Management and the Role of the State in the Economy
Authors: Bauer Michael W. , Tatham Michaël 
Published: December 2014

Résumé — Les élites administratives régionales allemandes, le nouveau management public et le rôle de l’État dans l’économie — Y?a?t?il un lien entre l’intensité des réformes de type Nouveau Management Public (NPM) à l’échelle d’un système et les attitudes individuelles des élites administratives qui mettent en œuvre ces réformes dans leur vie professionnelle quotidienne ? Pour examiner cette question, cet article répertorie les préférences pour des solutions gouvernementales contre des solutions fondées sur le marché dans les politiques économiques des élites administratives allemandes au niveau régional (regio?crats). Il compare tout d’abord l’attitude des élites allemandes avec celle de leurs homologues dans dix autres États membres de l’Union européenne et analyse dans un deuxième temps leurs déterminants au niveau individuel. Nous trouvons que les regio?crats allemands occupent une position intermédiaire sur une échelle allant de l’interventionnisme étatique à des solutions favorables au libre jeu du marché. Nos comparaisons internationales suggèrent que lorsque l’économie se porte bien et que le chômage est au plus bas, les bureaucrates sont plus à même d’avoir une préférence pour le libre jeu du marché. Cependant, en période de crise économique et de chômage élevé, les fonctionnaires se tournent vers les solutions étatiques. Nous trouvons aussi qu’une fois que les réformes de type NPM ont été mises en œuvre, les regio?crats souhaitent que le gouvernement joue un rôle plus important mais lorsqu’ils doivent encore les mettre en œuvre, il semble qu’ils demandent plus de libre jeu du marché.
Surveillance of Human Papilloma Virus Using Reference Laboratory Data for the Purpose of Evaluating Vaccine Impact
Authors: Wilson Andrew , Welch Ryan J , Hashibe Mia , Greenwood Jessica , Jackson Brian , She Rosemary C 
Published: December 2014

Nationwide positivity rates of high-risk human papillomavirus for the United States before and since the introduction of a Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine in 2006 would provide insight into the population impact of HPV vaccination. Data for high-risk HPV testing results from January 1, 2004 to June 1, 2013 at a national reference laboratory were retrospectively analyzed to produce 757,761 patient records of women between the ages of 14 and 59. Generalized linear models and finite mixture models were utilized to eliminate sources of bias and establish a population undergoing standard gynecological screening. Unadjusted positivity rates for high-risk HPV were 27.2% for all age groups combined. Highest rates occurred in women aged 14 to 19. While the positivity rates decreased for all age groups from 2004 to 2013, the higher age categories showed less downward trend following vaccine introduction, and the two age categories 20 to 24 and 25 to 29 showed a significantly different downward trend between pre- and post-vaccine time periods (-0.1% per year to -1.5% per year, and 0.4 % per year to -1.5% per year, respectively). All other age groups had rates of change that became less negative, indicating a slower rate of decline.In evaluating the surveillance tool, we find that it is important to consider many sources of heterogeneity, e.g., age, type of test, location, and type of testing center, and also consider quantitative methods of adjustment and distribution assessment to construct a useful surveillance tool. Further studies should expand on this methodology.The results of the surveillance tool indicate a downward trend in vaccine-appropriate age groups consistent with uptake of the HPV vaccine. The pre-post rate changes were in direct contrast between the age-appropriate groups and the groups too old for the HPV vaccine, further indicating the surveillance tool may be detecting the impact of the HPV vaccine over time. After refinement, this surveillance tool should remain in place to observe the future impact of the HPV vaccine.
Development of fine‐resolution analyses and expanded large‐scale forcing properties: 2. Scale awareness and application to single‐column model experiments
Authors: Feng Sha , Li Zhijin , Liu Yangang , Lin Wuyin , Zhang Minghua , Toto Tami , Vogelmann Andrew M. , Endo Satoshi 
Published: December 2014

AbstractFine‐resolution three‐dimensional fields have been produced using the Community Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) data assimilation system for the U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM) Southern Great Plains region. The GSI system is implemented in a multiscale data assimilation framework using the Weather Research and Forecasting model at a cloud‐resolving resolution of 2 km. From the fine‐resolution three‐dimensional fields, large‐scale forcing is derived explicitly at grid‐scale resolution; a subgrid‐scale dynamic component is derived separately, representing subgrid‐scale horizontal dynamic processes. Analyses show that the subgrid‐scale dynamic component is often a major component over the large‐scale forcing for grid scales larger than 200 km. The single‐column model (SCM) of the Community Atmospheric Model version 5 is used to examine the impact of the grid‐scale and subgrid‐scale dynamic components on simulated precipitation and cloud fields associated with a mesoscale convective system. It is found that grid‐scale size impacts simulated precipitation, resulting in an overestimation for grid scales of about 200 km but an underestimation for smaller grids. The subgrid‐scale dynamic component has an appreciable impact on the simulations, suggesting that grid‐scale and subgrid‐scale dynamic components should be considered in the interpretation of SCM simulations.
Ultrahydrophile poröse Kohlenstoffmaterialien mit quaderförmiger Morphologie und hoher Wasseraufnahmekapazität
Authors: Hao Guang‐Ping , Mondin Giovanni , Zheng Zhikun , Biemelt Tim , Klosz Stefan , Schubel René , Eychmüller Alexander , Kaskel Stefan 
Published: December 2014

AbstractDas Interesse an Hochleistungsmaterialien, die direkt Wasserdampf besonders aus der Umgebungsluft entfernen können, ist groß. Hier berichten wir über eine neue Klasse poröser Kohlenstoffquader mit gut ausgeprägten hydrophilen Eigenschaften, bei denen synergetische Effekte zwischen Oberflächenheterogenität und Mikroporenarchitektur maximiert sind. Dies führt mit einer Wasseraufnahmekapazität von bis zu 9.82 mmol g−1 bei P/P0=0.2 und 25 °C (20 % relative Feuchte oder 6000 ppm) zur bis dato besten Bindungsleistung für Luftfeuchte innerhalb der Materialklasse der porösen Kohlenstoffe. Dank ihrer einzigartigen Eigenschaften könnte diese Serie funktioneller Kohlenstoffe als Modellmaterial für Grundlagenuntersuchungen in der Kohlenstoffchemie und der Entwicklung neuer Materialien für die Sorption von Wasserdampf fungieren. Darüber hinaus ist eine Vielzahl weiterer Anwendungen, die eine sehr hohe Hydrophilie und Stabilität sowie hierarchische Porosität erfordern, denkbar.
Hydrodeoxygenation of Vicinal OH Groups over Heterogeneous Rhenium Catalyst Promoted by Palladium and Ceria Support
Authors: Ota Nobuhiko , Tamura Masazumi , Nakagawa Yoshinao , Okumura Kazu , Tomishige Keiichi 
Published: December 2014

AbstractHeterogeneous ReOx–Pd/CeO2 catalyst showed excellent performance for simultaneous hydrodeoxygenation of vicinal OH groups. High yield (>99 %), turnover frequency (300 h−1), and turnover number (10 000) are achieved in the reaction of 1,4‐anhydroerythritol to tetrahydrofuran. This catalyst can be applied to sugar alcohols, and mono‐alcohols and diols are obtained in high yields (≥85 %) from substrates with even and odd numbers of OH groups, respectively. The high catalytic performance of ReOx–Pd/CeO2 can be assigned to rhenium species with +4 or +5 valence state, and the formation of this species is promoted by H2/Pd and the ceria support.
Analytical solution of turbulent pipe flow according to second‐gradient theory
Authors: Biglarian H. , Beyrami H. , Dorosti Q. , Sattari A. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis paper presents a gradient theory of grade two based on an axiomatic conception of a nonlocal continuum theory for materials of grade n. The general classical model of linear momentum equation that is depending on the second‐order strain rate tensor and its gradients up to grade n − 1 is Cauchy's first law of motion. In special case, the second‐gradient theory, the total stress tensor is a function of the rate of stress tensor and its first gradient. The objective of the present work is to study the turbulent flow through a pipe based on this theory. The linear momentum equation in this case is reduced to an ordinary differential equation of order four, which is solved by analytical method. The boundary conditions are generated by using two cases, slip and no‐slip conditions. Finally, analytical results are compared with the experimental pieces of work and show good agreement with experimental data. © 2014 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrodeposition of Zinc–Copper and Zinc–Tin Films and Free‐Standing Nanowire Arrays from Ionic Liquids
Authors: Liu Zhen , Elbasiony Amr M. , Zein El Abedin Sherif , Endres Frank 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe electrodeposition of Cu–Zn and Zn–Sn films as well as free‐standing nanowires from ionic liquids 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium trifluoromethylsulfonate and 1‐butyl‐1‐methylpyrrolidinium trifluoromethylsulfonate is reported. The nanowire arrays were obtained by using polycarbonate membranes. The study includes cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, X‐ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy–energy‐dispersive X‐ray analyses. The results show that the morphology and the composition of the electrodeposited Cu–Zn alloys are dependent on the deposition potential. Free‐standing Cu–Zn nanowires with average diameters and lengths of approximately 100 nm and 5 μm, respectively, were prepared. The morphology of Zn–Sn deposits shows coarse Zn particles on a Sn‐rich layer, indicating the formation of Zn/Sn co‐deposits. The XRD results reveal the co‐deposition of Zn–Sn films. Zn–Sn nanowires with average diameters of approximately 100 nm and lengths of 5 μm were synthesized. Free‐standing Zn–Sn nanowires with different lengths and a diameter of approximately 200 nm were also synthesized.
Imine Macrocycle with a Deep Cavity: Guest‐Selected Formation of syn/anti Configuration and Guest‐Controlled Reconfiguration
Authors: He Zhenfeng , Ye Gang , Jiang Wei 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA dynamic covalent bond is one of the ideal linkages for the construction of large and robust organic architectures. In the present article, we show how organic templates can efficiently transform a complex dynamic imine library into a dynamic imine macrocycle. Not only is the constitution well controlled, but also the syn/anti host configuration is efficiently selected and even the orientation of the guest in the asymmetric cavity of the host can be well aligned. This is attributed to the delicate balance and the cooperation of multiple noncovalent interactions between the hosts and the guests. Through sequential additions of three guests in appropriate amounts, controlled structural reconfiguration of dynamic covalent architectures has been achieved for the first time.
The “Real Environment” Quantification of Surface Hydrophobicity of Differently Stabilized Nanocrystals as Key Parameter for Organ Distribution
Authors: Staufenbiel Sven , Keck Cornelia M. , Müller Rainer H. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryThe surface hydrophobicity of nanoparticles is one factor determining blood protein adsorption after intravenous administration, thus the organ distribution. Hydrophobic surfaces lead to opsonization and uptake by the liver macrophages, when hydrophilic nanoparticles avoid this and can circulate in the blood. To predict, at least to a certain degree, the in vivo distribution, the surface hydrophobicity needs to be measured and quantified. Methods need to be used which quantify hydrophobicity of nanoparticles in liquid environment similar to the body situation (= real environment), not using e.g. dry methods from tabletting. Different of those methods are mentioned in this work. In the present study the hydrophobicity of differently coated azithromycin nanocrystals was analyzed with hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) and aqueous two‐phase partitioning (TPP). Investigated stabilizers were Poloxamer 188, Poloxamer 407, caprylyl/capryl polyglucoside (Plantacare® 810), decyl polyglucoside (Plantacare® 2000), polyethylene glycol (PEG)‐20 sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80) and tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate. HIC results revealed that coating with PEG free Plantacares leads to more hydrophobic surfaces (e.g. Plantacare 2000 retention time (tr) = 17.0 ± 1.9 min and tr = 6.5 ± 0.1 min for Tween 80), when also an increase of the amount of polypropylene glycol (PPG) in the Poloxamers lead to a stronger retention. Furthermore, PEG containing samples were analyzed by TPP whereby HIC results could be confirmed. Additionally, TPP showed differences between stabilizers having only 1 PEG chain and stabilizers with more than 1 PEG chain. In perspective, these stabilizers leading to a low hydrophobicity are promising candidates for further in vivo studies due to a decreased opsonization.
A nanoscale resolution view on synaptic vesicle dynamics
Authors: Maschi Dario , Klyachko Vitaly A. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTThe ability of synapses to sustain neurotransmitter release during continuous activity critically relies on an efficient vesicle recycling program. Despite extensive research on synaptic function, the basic mechanisms of vesicle recycling remain poorly understood due to the relative inaccessibility of central synapses to conventional recording techniques. The extremely small size of synaptic vesicles, nearly five times below the diffraction‐limited resolution of conventional light microscopy, has hampered efforts to define the mechanisms controlling their cycling. The complex sequence of dynamic processes that occur within the nerve terminals and link vesicle endocytosis and the subsequent round of release has been particularly difficult to study. The recent development of nanoscale‐resolution imaging techniques has provided an opportunity to overcome these limitations and begin to reveal the mechanisms controlling vesicle recycling within individual nerve terminals. Here we summarize the recent advances in the implementation of super‐resolution imaging and single‐particle tracking approaches to study the dynamic steps of the vesicle recycling process within presynaptic terminals. Synapse, 69:256–267, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Visualizing sphere-contacting areas on automobile parts for ECE inspection
Authors: Inui Masatomo , Umezu Nobuyuki , Kitamura Yuuki 
Published: December 2014

AbstractTo satisfy safety regulations of Economic Commission for Europe (ECE), the surface regions of automobile parts must have a sufficient degree of roundness if there is any chance that they could contact a sphere of 50.0 mm radius (exterior parts) or 82.5 mm radius (interior parts). In this paper, a new offset-based method is developed to automatically detect the possible sphere-contacting shape of such parts. A polyhedral model that precisely approximates the part shape is given as input, and the offset shape of the model is obtained as the Boolean union of the expanded shapes of all surface triangles. We adopt a triple-dexel representation of the 3D model to enable stable and precise Boolean union computations. To accelerate the dexel operations in these Boolean computations, a new parallel processing method with a pseudo-list structure and axis-aligned bounding box is developed. The possible sphere-contacting shape of the part surface is then extracted from the offset shape as a set of points or a set of polygons.