bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poétique de la ruine et imaginaire géographique dans les Voyages extraordinaires de Jules Verne
Authors: Dupuy Lionel 
Published: June 2013

Les Voyages extraordinaires de Jules Verne sont des récits romanesques où régulièrement des ruines sont mises en scène, qu’elles soient réelles et/ou imaginaires. Or le statut de ces ruines diffère d’abord selon qu’elles sont produites par l’homme ou par la nature, autrement dit le temps qui passe. Elles constituent ensuite un support métaphorique qui permet de souligner la beauté des paysages observés, dans des régions inconnues où s’exprime une autre dialectique de l’espace et du temps. Elles constituent enfin autant de portes d’entrée vers des mondes parallèles auxquels on accède souvent après une longue descente – au centre de la terre, au fond des océans –, illustrant ainsi un des principaux schèmes analysés par Gilbert Durand dans son ouvrage consacré aux Structures anthropologiques de l’imaginaire .
L'imaginaire de la ruine dans la littérature contemporaine : l'exemple de The Road de Cormac McCarthy
Authors: Boulard Anaïs 
Published: June 2013

Le thème du monde après sa fin est majeur dans le roman contemporain de Cormac McCarthy, The Road . De ce fait, cette fiction de 2006 peut être vue comme post-apocalyptique, c’est-à-dire qu’elle se situe temporellement et spatialement non plus dans l’angoisse eschatologique, mais dans le monde qui succède à un événement catastrophique annihilateur. Cet univers fictif est de ce fait dominé par l’imaginaire de la ruine. Cette étude s’interroge sur les modalités de l’écriture d’un tel imaginaire dans un roman contemporain. Elle constate la déclinaison du thème de la ruine sur différents plans : la ruine y est effectivement écologique, répondant à une esthétique du chaos, mais elle est également sémantique en ce qu’elle est à la fois ce qui reste d’un passé disparu et la seule survivante d’un nouveau monde stérile. L’étude comprend que le développement de l’imaginaire de la ruine est – en plus de l’expression d’une inquiétude contemporaine – le moyen d’une domination de celle-ci.
La maison Bulle six coques : une bien mauvaise ruine
Authors: Bougourd Caroline 
Published: June 2013

La maison préfabriquée est un cas d’étude intéressant et souvent paradoxal. Produite comme un objet industriel mais en même temps répondant à des exigences propres à l’architecture, peut-elle accéder à l’imaginaire de la ruine ou l’arrêt de son utilisation marque-t-elle son passage au statut de déchet ? Au travers de l’analyse de différentes opérations de traductions – artistique, muséale, patrimoniale, commerciale – de la maison Bulle six coques de Jean Benjamin Maneval, l’objectif de cet article est de rendre compte de l’impossible devenir-ruine d’un tel objet.
Neonatal Follicular Th Cell Responses Are Impaired and Modulated by IL-4
Authors: Debock Isabelle , Jaworski Kathy , Chadlaoui Hanan , Delbauve Sandrine , Passon Nicolas , Twyffels Laure , Leo Oberdan , Flamand Véronique 
Published: June 2013

AbstractNewborns are characterized by poor responses to vaccines. Defective B cell responses and a Th2-type polarization can account for this impaired protection in early life. We in this study investigated the generation of follicular Th (TFH) cells, involved in the development of Ab response and germinal center reaction, upon vaccination in neonates. We showed that, compared with adults, Ab production, affinity maturation, and germinal center formation were reduced in neonates immunized with OVA–aluminum hydroxide. Although this vaccination induced CD4+ CXCR5+ PD-1+ TFH cells in newborns, their frequency, as well as their Bcl6 expression and IL-21 and IL-4 mRNA induction, was decreased in early life. Moreover, neonatal TFH cells were mainly localized in interfollicular regions of lymphoid tissues. The prototypic Th2 cytokine IL-4 was found to promote the emergence and the localization in germinal centers of neonatal TFH cells, as well as the neonatal germinal center reaction itself. In addition, IL-4 dampened expression of Th17-related molecules in neonatal TFH cells, as TFH cells from immunized IL-4–deficient neonates displayed enhanced expression of RORγt and IL-17. This Th17-like profile correlated with an increased secretion of OVA-specific IgG2a. Our study thus suggests that defective humoral immunity in early life is associated with limited and IL-4–modulated TFH cell responses.
T Cell–Dependent IgM Memory B Cells Generated during Bacterial Infection Are Required for IgG Responses to Antigen Challenge
Authors: Yates Jennifer L. , Racine Rachael , McBride Kevin M. , Winslow Gary M. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Immunological memory has long considered to be harbored in B cells that express high-affinity class-switched IgG. IgM-positive memory B cells can also be generated following immunization, although their physiological role has been unclear. In this study, we show that bacterial infection elicited a relatively large population of IgM memory B cells that were uniquely identified by their surface expression of CD11c, CD73, and programmed death-ligand 2. The cells lacked expression of cell surface markers typically expressed by germinal center B cells, were CD138 negative, and did not secrete Ab ex vivo. The population was also largely quiescent and accumulated somatic mutations. The IgM memory B cells were located in the region of the splenic marginal zone and were not detected in blood or other secondary lymphoid organs. Generation of the memory cells was CD4 T cell dependent and required IL-21R signaling. In vivo depletion of the IgM memory B cells abrogated the IgG recall responses to specific Ag challenge, demonstrating that the cell population was required for humoral memory, and underwent class-switch recombination following Ag encounter. Our findings demonstrate that T cell–dependent IgM memory B cells can be elicited at high frequency and can play an important role in maintaining long-term immunity during bacterial infection.
Effects of Cognitive‐Behavioral Programs for Criminal Offenders
Authors: Lipsey Mark W. , Landenberger Nana A. , Wilson Sandra J. 
Published: June 2013

Cognitive‐behavioural therapy can prevent criminal offenders from continuing their criminal careers. However, some treatment programmes work better than others.This Campbell review shows that a small number of factors make the difference. It is particularly important for the programmes to be stringently implemented, by well‐trained providers. No significant differences were found in the effectiveness of the different types of programmes or “brand names”. Whether the treatment is implemented in prison or in the community has no influence on the outcome.
Het ons kerk-wees in strukture gestol?
Authors: Spoelstra B. 
Published: June 2013

Die kerk plaas ons in die grond van sy bestaan as liggaam waarvan Christus Hoof is, voor ’n misterie. Hoewel die Skrif soms na die kerk in betreklik gelykblywende of statiese beelde verwys (tempel, gebou), is die dominerende profiel dié van ’n lewende organisme, ’n koinonia van mense (Spoelstra 1978; 23—35). Die liggaam van Chris­tus het natuurlik ”n institusionele aspek, ruggraat of torso wat in die ingestelde dienste (ampte) gegee is (1 Kor 12:28, Ef 4:11 v ). Dit gee egter geen reg om van die kerk dualisties in terme van orga­nisme en instituut of as dinamies en staties te praat nie.
Fokus
Authors: Office Editorial 
Published: June 2013

Fokus is 'n rubriek waarin artikels van 'n meer populêr-wetenskaplike aard gepubliseer word. Artikels wat vir hierdie rubriek aan die redaksie voorgelê word, moet voldoen aan dieselfde tegniese vereistes as navorsingsartikels (kyk asseblief die voorskrifite vir skrywers). Bydraes vir Fokus word aan 'n interne keuringsproses onderwerp.
Alcoholic leukopenic pneumococcal sepsis
Authors: Alraiyes Abdul Hamid , Shaheen Khaldoon , Alraies M Chadi 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAlcohol abuse has been associated with an increased mortality and morbidity due to increased aspiration, delirium tremens, and seizures. The association of pneumococcal lung infections and leukopenia in the setting of alcohol abuse are rarely reported; however, when present, severe lung infections can happen with severe lung injury and poor response to conventional therapy and ultimately, death. We are reporting a case of 55-year-old-man presented with shortness of breath, cough and altered mental status and eventually found with severe pneumococcal lung infection in the setting of leukopenia and long-term alcohol abuse representing alcoholic leukopenic pneumococcal sepsis syndrome.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging versus Computed Tomography and Different Imaging Modalities in Evaluation of Sinonasal Neoplasms Diagnosed by Histopathology
Authors: Gomaa Mohammed A. , Hammad Moustafa S. , Abdelmoghny Abobakr , Elsherif Ashraf M. , Tawfik Heba M. 
Published: June 2013

Objective The study purpose was to detect the value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compared to computed tomography (CT) and different imaging modalities as conventional radiology in evaluation of sinonasal neoplasms diagnosed by Histopathology. Methods Thirty patients (16 males and 14 females) were complaining of symptoms related to sinonasal tract. After thorough clinical and local examination, the patients were subjected to the following: conventional radiography, CT, MRI, and histopathological examination. Results The nasal cavity was the most commonly involved site with sinonasal malignancies followed by the maxillary sinuses. The least commonly affected site was the frontal sinuses. Benign sinonasal tumors were present in 14 cases. The most common benign lesion was juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (6 cases), followed by inverted papilloma (3 cases). While malignant sinonasal tumors were present in 16 cases, squamous cell carcinoma was present in 5 cases, and undifferentiated carcinoma, in 3 cases. Lymphoepithelioma and non-Hodgkin lymphomas were present in 2 cases each, while adenocarcinoma, chondrosarcoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma were present in 1 case each. Conclusion MRI with its superior soft tissue contrast and multiplanar capability is superior to CT in pretreatment evaluation of primary malignant tumors of sinonasal cavity.
Clinical Decision Making when Addressing Upper Limb Post-Stroke Sensory Impairments
Authors: Doyle Susan , Bennett Sally , Gustafsson Louise 
Published: June 2013

Introduction: This study explored factors influencing occupational therapists' clinical decision making when choosing to assess upper limb post-stroke sensory impairments (ULPSSI) and selecting interventions. Method: A survey of 187 American occupational therapists working with stroke survivors. Findings: Respondents most commonly assessed ULPSSI to determine the impact on occupational performance and guide interventions, and most commonly did not undertake assessment if clients either reported no impairments or were unable to participate in testing. Being unaware of interventions, believing motor interventions addressed ULPSSI and lack of time most commonly led to the decision not to use interventions for ULPSSI. Clients' cognitive status, severity of ULPSSI and time since stroke influenced therapists when choosing between compensatory or remedial approaches. Prior experience, effects seen when trialling interventions and consulting other therapists most commonly influenced specific intervention choice. Conclusion: Deciding to assess ULPSSI was influenced by theoretical knowledge and domain-specific clinical knowledge while decisions about interventions were largely influenced by the therapists' domain-specific clinical knowledge, clinical experience and by specific contextual factors such as time available for therapy. Respondents used both automatic and reflective or deliberate decision-making processes. Education on evidence-based interventions and strategies for decision making in areas of clinical uncertainty is warranted.
‘As Good as it's Going to Get’. Bad News Conversations in Neurology: Challenges for Occupational Therapists
Authors: Sexton Deborah 
Published: June 2013

Introduction: This exploratory study sought to answer the question, ‘What are the experiences of neurological occupational therapists when having bad news conversations with disabled people regarding likely levels of long-term disability?’. Method: The study design was a retrospective qualitative method within a phenomenological methodology. Convenience sampling was used to identify occupational therapists working with neurologically impaired adults. Ten semi-structured interviews using a topic guide were conducted. Ethical approval was granted by the Faculty Research Ethics Committee. Findings: Participants had bad news conversations prior to discharge and there was a functional focus. Four approaches to these conversations emerged: collaboration, being direct, avoidance and using a client-centred approach. Strategies included use of pre-discharge home visit, goal setting, using others, maintaining hope and communication skills. The participants agreed that this task has an emotional cost. Conclusion: Bad news conversations are an important and sometimes difficult clinical task that can have an impact on the quality of the therapeutic relationship. Little has been documented regarding occupational therapists' conversations relating to living with long-term disability. This study has underlined the importance of addressing this task in undergraduate education and also in the supervision of junior occupational therapists.
Invited review: Epidemics on social networks
Authors: Kuperman Marcelo N. 
Published: June 2013

Since its first formulations almost a century ago, mathematical models fordisease spreading contributed to understand, evaluate and control the epidemic processes.They promoted a dramatic change in how epidemiologists thought of the propagation of infectious diseases.In the last decade, when the traditional epidemiological models seemed to be exhausted, new types of models were developed.These new models incorporated concepts from graph theory to describe and model the underlying social structure.Many of these works merely produced a more detailed extension of the previous results, but some otherstriggered a completely new paradigm in the mathematical study of epidemic processes. In this review, we will introduce the basicconcepts of epidemiology, epidemic modeling and networks, to finally provide a brief description of the mostrelevant results in the field. Received: 6 April 2013, Accepted: 3 June 2013; Edited by: G. Mindlin; DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4279/PIP.050003Cite as: M N Kuperman, Papers in Physics 5, 050003 (2013)
Lung Adenocarcinoma Biomarker Incidence in Hispanic Versus Non-Hispanic White Patients
Authors: McQuitty Elizabeth , Zhang Wei , Hendrickson Heather , Tio Fermin O. , Jagirdar Jaishree , Olsen Randall , Cagle Philip T. 
Published: June 2013

Context.—Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States and worldwide. Biomarker testing is critical to personalized therapy in lung adenocarcinoma and has been extensively investigated in non-Hispanic whites, Asians, and African Americans. However, little information addresses the underlying genetic changes in lung adenocarcinoma among Hispanic patients in the United States.
Objective.—To identify targetable biomarkers other than EGFR and EML4-ALK in Hispanic patients with lung adenocarcinoma.
Design.—We tested DNA extracted from 85 lung adenocarcinoma specimens collected from 40 Hispanic and 43 non-Hispanic white patients for previously reported mutations in KRAS, MET, BRAF, mTOR, STAT3, JAK2, PIK3CA, AKT1 through AKT3, and PTEN with a custom Sequenom massARRAY assay (Sequenom, San Diego, California).
Results.—Mutations in KRAS were identified in 11 cases (13%; 6 Hispanic [7%], 5 non-Hispanic white [6%]) and had no correlation with sex, age, or smoking history. Mutations in PIK3CA were identified in 2 of the 40 Hispanic patients (5%), including one patient (2.5%) with a concurrent KRAS mutation. The tumors were wild type for all other genes tested.
Conclusions.—Targetable biomarkers other than EGFR and EML4-ALK were identified in 7 of the 40 Hispanic patients (18%) and 5 of the 43 non-Hispanic white patients (12%), suggesting a similar mutational frequency. Our highly multiplexed genotyping assay detected actionable mutations in 14% (12 of 83) more patients than would have been identified by EGFR and EML4-ALK testing alone.
Sonographic Features of Cervical Lymph Nodes After Thyroidectomy for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Kim Dong Wook , Choo Hye Jung , Lee Yoo Jin , Jung Soo Jin , Eom Jae Wook , Ha Tae Kwun 
Published: June 2013

ObjectivesUnlike the preoperative findings in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma, the postoperative sonographic features of cervical lymph nodes have not been established. This study aimed to assess the sonographic features of metastatic lymph nodes after thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid carcinoma.MethodsThe study population consisted of 104 consecutively registered patients who had undergone thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid carcinoma and underwent sonographically guided fine‐needle aspiration of lymph nodes in the neck. The sonographic features of each lymph node were retrospectively evaluated by a single radiologist. The confirmation methods for the 115 lymph nodes included surgery (n = 35), measurement of thyroglobulin levels in the aspirates (n = 2), malignant cytologic analysis (n = 10), and benign cytologic analysis with sonographic follow‐up over 12 months (n = 68). We determined the diagnostic indices of individual sonographic features for differentiating between metastatic and benign lymph nodes by comparing these features with the final diagnoses.ResultsOf the 104 patients, 67 underwent at least 1 cycle of radioisotope therapy after thyroidectomy. The malignancy rate for the lymph nodes was 42.6% (49 of 115). A significant relationship was found between malignancy and the presence of an intranodal cystic component, intranodal microcalcifications, diffusely increased echogenicity, a microlobulated margin, a round shape, loss of echogenic hila, and mixed or central vascularity on color Doppler sonography (P < .05).ConclusionsThe sonographic features of metastatic cervical lymph nodes in postoperative patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma were similar to those in preoperative patients.
Use of Pelvic Computed Tomography and Sonography in Women of Reproductive Age in the Emergency Department
Authors: Asch Elizabeth , Shah Sejal , Kang Tarina , Levine Deborah 
Published: June 2013

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to review use of pelvic computed tomography (CT) and sonography in the emergency department for women of reproductive age and to identify cases in which sonography might have been adequate.MethodsComputed tomographic and sonographic examinations of the pelvis performed on women up to 55 years of age in our emergency department during a 6‐month period were reviewed. Repeated CT and CT with indications for which sonography would not be the first‐line imaging modality (eg, diverticulitis and trauma) were excluded. For the sonographic‐only assessment, repeated sonography and sonography with indications for which CT would not be the first‐line imaging modality (eg, vaginal bleeding) were excluded. Patient referral indications, imaging diagnoses, and discharge diagnoses were compared for the groups with CT only, CT first, sonography first, and sonography only.ResultsOf 509 women who underwent CT, 407 (80%) underwent CT only; 54 (11%) underwent CT first; and 48 (9%) underwent pelvic sonography first. The percentages with negative CT findings were 42%,17%, and 50%, respectively. Overall, 63 (CT only), 38 (CT first), and 12 (sonography first) patients had CT diagnoses of pelvic conditions only (113 of 509 women [22%]). Of the patients with CT and discharge diagnoses of pelvic conditions, 36 of 44 (82%) had CT only or CT first; 58 of 110 (53%) of cases with sonography only showed acute pelvic conditions.ConclusionsTwenty‐two percent of pelvic CT examinations performed in women of reproductive age in our emergency department showed only pelvic conditions, suggesting that sonography would have been a reasonable primary imaging test for these patients.
Double Sac Sign and Intradecidual Sign in Early Pregnancy
Authors: Doubilet Peter M. , Benson Carol B. 
Published: June 2013

ObjectivesTo assess the interobserver agreement, frequency of occurrence, and prognostic importance of the double sac sign (DSS), intradecidual sign (IDS), and other sonographic findings in early intrauterine pregnancies.MethodsWe retrospectively identified all sonograms obtained between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2011, in which: (1) the scan demonstrated an intrauterine fluid collection without a yolk sac or embryo; (2) a follow‐up scan confirmed an intrauterine pregnancy; and (3) the first‐trimester outcome was known. Each coinvestigator characterized the 199 study sonograms as demonstrating or not demonstrating a DSS or an IDS, based on judgment about whether the scan met published criteria defining these signs.ResultsInterobserver agreement was poor for the DSS (κ= 0.24) and IDS (κ= 0.23). Scans frequently demonstrated neither sign: 150 cases (75.4%) if we considered a sign to be present when both investigators graded it as present and 69 cases (34.7%) using the looser criterion that either graded it as present. The presence of a DSS or an IDS was unrelated to the β‐human chorionic gonadotropin (β‐hCG) value (P > .05, t test, all comparisons). An inner echogenic ring was present in 158 cases (79.4%), and the decidua was brighter peripherally than centrally in 102 (51.3%). The first‐trimester outcome was unrelated to the presence of a DSS or an IDS, presence of an inner echogenic ring, or decidual appearance (P > .05, χ2, all comparisons).ConclusionsThe sonographic appearance of early gestational sacs, before visualization of a yolk sac or embryo, is highly variable. The DSS and IDS are often absent; there is poor interobserver agreement regarding these signs; and the prognosis is unrelated to their presence or absence. A round or oval intrauterine fluid collection in a woman with positive β‐hCG should be treated as a gestational sac until proven otherwise, regardless of whether it demonstrates a DSS or an IDS.
Fetal Dorsalis Pedis Artery Velocimetry in the Second and Third Trimesters
Authors: Zhao Yili , Zhang Ming , Zhou Qichang , Tang Kui , Wang Linling , Gong Zheli 
Published: June 2013

ObjectivesThis study aimed to establish reference ranges for Doppler parameters of the fetal dorsalis pedis artery and to compare them with those of the anterior tibial artery.MethodsDorsalis pedis artery velocimetry was performed in 138 singleton fetuses. Intraobserver repeatability coefficients and differences between measurements of bilateral legs were also evaluated. Comparisons were made between the pulsatility index in the dorsalis pedis and anterior tibial arteries.ResultsThe average maximum velocity of the dorsalis pedis artery increased from approximately 12.2 cm/s at 18 weeks' gestation to 33.6 cm/s at 39 weeks' gestation, whereas the minimum velocity did not show any significant variation during the observed gestational weeks. The average pulsatility index increased from about 2.0 at 18 weeks' gestation to 3.1 at 39 weeks' gestation. The pulsatility index was lower in the dorsalis pedis artery than in the anterior tibial artery.ConclusionsDoppler parameters of the dorsalis pedis artery can be easily and accurately acquired by trained examiners and therefore are potential means for evaluating related fetal vascular development. However, it is still unclear whether changes exist in fetuses with limb diseases, and further investigation is needed.