bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceptions and attitudes to sexual harassment: an examination of sex differences and the sex composition of the harasser–target dyad
Authors: Shechory Bitton Mally , Ben Shaul Danit 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis study examines the role of sex in determining attitudes toward sexual harassment (SH) and perceptions of SH, and studies the extent to which attitudes toward SH predict perceptions of SH by sex. All informants (146 men and 160 women) completed three questionnaires: personal information; perceptions of SH, including cases with variations on the perpetrators and victims' sex; and attitudes toward SH, with a male, female, or unspecified victim. The findings point to significant sex differences in the perception of behaviors as SH. Women were less tolerant of SH regardless of the victim's sex. In all cases, less tolerant attitudes toward SH predicted a stronger perception of behaviors as manifesting SH. In addition, women tended to perceive male harasser/male target behaviors as SH more than men.
Understanding why and how individuals choose to help others: indirect reciprocal considerations and the moderating role of situation severity
Authors: Bhatnagar Namita , Manchanda Rajesh V. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn this article, we examine the impact of how helpful an individual is toward third parties on people's willingness to help that individual. Our results show lower willingness to help those that are unhelpful toward others. Further, varying levels of severity of the situation in which help is needed moderates this relationship. Specifically, in less severe situations (i.e., where withholding help does not lead to dire consequences), willingness to help was greater when recipients were seen as being helpful toward others. This effect was also found in moderate severity situations, although to a lesser extent. More severe situations, however, caused people to want to help regardless of how helpful the recipients themselves were. Empathetic feelings toward the recipients mediated these findings.
Achieving success at work: development and validation of the Motivational Climate at Work Questionnaire (MCWQ)
Authors: Nerstad Christina G. L. , Roberts Glyn C. , Richardsen Astrid M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAlthough work represents an important achievement setting, research on the perceived motivational climate, as defined by the achievement goal theory (AGT), remains limited. Calls have been made for research on the salience of such situational influences based on traditional AGT. Therefore, the aim of this research was to develop a scale to measure the motivational climate at work. In a pilot study, participants completed a developed questionnaire and the findings supported psychometric properties of the questionnaire. Two further studies were conducted and the findings provided evidence of content validity, criterion‐related validity, construct validity, and internal consistency. The findings suggest the questionnaire might be used to determine the perception of the extant motivational climate in the workplace.
Public justification and investment in failing projects: the moderating effect of optimistic outcome expectations
Authors: Mahlendorf Matthias D. , Wallenburg Carl Marcus 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPublic justification can have both desirable and undesirable effects. One dysfunctional consequence demonstrated via laboratory experiments is an increase in the escalation of commitment (i.e., public justification increases investment in failing projects). Based on survey data from 247 failed company projects, this study provides supporting evidence of the escalation‐increasing effect of public justification. Thus, the results support the external validity of prior findings.In addition, this paper hypothesizes and confirms a negative moderating effect of optimistic outcome expectations on the relation between public justification and investments. Specifically, for low optimistic outcome expectations, public justification increases investments in failing projects. In contrast, in cases of highly optimistic outcome expectations, public justification does not further increase investments in failing projects.
Natural kind and entitative beliefs in relation to prejudice toward mental disorders
Authors: Haqanee Zohrah , Lou Evelina , Lalonde Richard N. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractMental health campaigns often promote biogenetic beliefs to reduce stigma, but their effectiveness may vary across disorders. Our study (N = 127) examined two components of essentialist beliefs—entitative (i.e., characterizing groupness) and natural kinds (i.e., biogenetic)—about two stigmatized mental disorders (schizophrenia, alcoholism) as well as a somatic disorder (Parkinson's disease), and their relation to prejudice. The three disorders significantly differed in natural kind beliefs (Parkinson's highest, then schizophrenia, and alcoholism lowest) and prejudice (alcoholism highest, then schizophrenia, and Parkinson's lowest), but not entitative beliefs. Entitative beliefs, however, was a stronger predictor of prejudice against schizophrenia than natural kind beliefs even after controlling for social dominance orientation and prior contact. Implications for anti‐stigma efforts and strategies are discussed.
Accounting for geographical variation in species–area relationships improves the prediction of plant species richness at the global scale
Authors: Gerstner Katharina , Dormann Carsten F. , Václavík Tomáš , Kreft Holger , Seppelt Ralf 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimThe species–area relationship (SAR) is a prominent concept for predicting species richness and biodiversity loss. A key step in defining SARs is to accurately estimate the slope of the relationship, but researchers typically apply only one global (canonical) slope. We hypothesized that this approach is overly simplistic and investigated how geographically varying determinants of SARs affect species richness estimates of vascular plants at the global scale.LocationGlobal.MethodsWe used global species richness data for vascular plants from 1032 geographical units varying in size and shape. As possible determinants of geographical variation in SARs we chose floristic kingdoms and biomes as biogeographical provinces, and land cover as a surrogate for habitat diversity. Using simultaneous autoregressive models we fitted SARs to each set of determinants, compared their ability to predict the observed data and large‐scale species richness patterns, and determined the extent to which varying SARs differed from the global relationship.ResultsIncorporating variation into SARs improved predictions of global species richness patterns. The best model, which accounts for variation due to biomes, explained 46.1% of the species richness variation. Moreover, fitting SARs to biomes produced better results than fitting them to floristic kingdoms, supporting the hypothesis that energy availability complements evolutionary history in generating species richness patterns. Land cover proved to be less important than biomes, explaining only 36.4% of the variation, possibly owing to the high uncertainty in the data set. The incorporation of second‐order interactions of area, land cover and biomes did not improve the predictive ability of the models.Main conclusionsOur study contributes to a deeper understanding of SARs and improves the applicability of SARs through regionalization. Future models should explicitly consider geographically varying determinants of SARs in order to improve our assessment of the impact of global change scenarios on species richness patterns.
The effect of social media use on work‐related learning
Authors: van Puijenbroek T. , Poell R.F. , Kroon B. , Timmerman V. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe increasing use of social media at work offers organizations new opportunities for employee learning on the job. This study investigated the relationship between social media use and learning activities undertaken by employees. It was expected that social media use relates to higher levels of learning and that this relationship is stronger when employees perceive higher levels of an organization culture that stimulates dialogue and inquiry. A total of 590 respondents of three multinationals based in the Netherlands completed a survey. As expected, results showed that the more often employees used social media in their job, the more often they participated in learning activities. Contrary to expectation, this relationship was not influenced by culture of dialogue and inquiry. Instead, the perception of a culture of dialogue and inquiry directly related to learning on the job. The findings suggest that organizations could consider stimulating the use of social media among employees to support work‐related learning.
Three problems with the connectivist conception of learning
Authors: Clarà M. , Barberà E. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractConnectivism, which has been argued to be a new learning theory, has emerged in the field of online learning during the last decade. On the World Wide Web at least, connectivism promises to establish learning spaces similar to those that Ivan Illich imagined in ‘Deschooling Society’, through so‐called massive online open courses (MOOCs).In this paper, we critically examine the theoretical postulates of connectivism and identify three important psychological and epistemological problems, namely the lack of a solution to the learning paradox, the underconceptualization of interaction and the inability to explain concept development. Some of the theoretical deficiencies in question may explain certain learning problems experienced by participants in MOOCs.The paper concludes that, although MOOCs are a worthwhile experience and ought to be continued, connectivism as a learning theory has significant theoretical problems and should be profoundly revised if it is to explain and foster learning in such environments.
Relationship Between Complex Fractionated Atrial Electrograms During Atrial Fibrillation and the Critical Site of Atrial Tachycardia That Develops After Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: BAN JI‐EUN , CHEN YUNG‐LUNG , PARK HWAN‐CHEOL , LEE HYUN‐SOO , LEE DAE‐IN , CHOI JONG‐IL , LIM HONG‐EUY , PARK SANG‐WEON , KIM YOUNG‐HOON 
Published: October 2013

CFAE and Development of AT After AF AblationIntroductionComplex fractionated atrial electrograms (CFAEs) are a substrate modification target in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, whether CFAEs can be also arrhythmogenic grounds of atrial tachycardia (AT) presenting after AF ablation remains to be determined. We investigated the relationship between CFAEs and the critical site of AT after CFAE‐guided AF ablation.Methods and ResultsSeventy‐two patients showing AT after pulmonary vein isolation and further CFAE‐guided ablation were included. The termination sites of the 95 distinct ATs were annotated on color‐coded CFAE cycle maps. Of the 95 ATs, 61 (64.2%) had a termination site at the border zone of CFAE or in a highly dense CFAE area. The cycle length (CL) of the ATs terminated in the CFAE area was significantly shorter than the CL of those terminated in the non‐CFAE area. The cut‐off CL for ATs terminated at the CFAE area was 270 milliseconds, with sensitivity/specificity of 70%/75%. In 67.2% of the ATs terminating at the CFAE‐related area, the major termination sites were the anterior wall near the LA appendage, septum and roof, whereas the peri‐mitral isthmus was the most common termination site of ATs in the non‐CFAE area.ConclusionsThe areas showing CFAE and their border zones were frequently associated with termination of ATs presenting after AF ablation. The mean CL of ATs originating near CFAEs was significantly shorter than that of those terminated in non‐CFAE areas. The targeted CFAE areas also provided the arrhythmogenic milieu for AT developing after AF ablation.
Comparison of Aneroid and Oscillometric Blood Pressure Measurements in Children
Authors: Eliasdottir Sigridur B. , Steinthorsdottir Sandra D. , Indridason Olafur S. , Palsson Runolfur , Edvardsson Vidar O. 
Published: October 2013

Limited data exist on the comparison of blood pressure (BP) measurements using aneroid and oscillometric devices. The purpose of the study was to investigate the difference in BP obtained using oscillometric and aneroid BP monitors in 9‐ to 10‐year‐old children. A total of 979 children were divided into group O, which underwent two oscillometric BP readings followed by two aneroid readings, and group A, which had BP measured in the reverse order. No significant difference was found between the mean (±standard deviation) of the two systolic BP readings obtained using the oscillometric and aneroid devices (111.5±8.6 vs 111.3±8.1 mm Hg; P=.39), whereas the mean diastolic BP was lower with the oscillometric monitor (61.5±8.0 vs 64.5±6.8 mm Hg; P<.001). A significant downward trend in BP was observed with each consecutive measurement, and agreement between the two monitors was limited. Multiple BP measurements are, therefore, recommended before the diagnosis of elevated BP or hypertension is made with either method.
Comparison of Efficacy and Safety Between Bisoprolol Transdermal Patch (TY‐0201) and Bisoprolol Fumarate Oral Formulation in Japanese Patients With Grade I or II Essential Hypertension: Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Study
Authors: Matsuoka Hiroaki , Kuwajima Iwao , Shimada Kazuyuki , Mitamura Hideo , Saruta Takao 
Published: October 2013

TY‐0201 (TY) is a new drug absorbed by the transdermal delivery system developed for the treatment of hypertension, which contains the free base of bisoprolol fumarate that is widely used. An 8‐week randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study was conducted in hypertensive patients to evaluate the superiority of TY 8 mg to placebo and the noninferiority of TY 8 mg to bisoprolol fumarate oral formulation (BO) 5 mg. Changes in diastolic blood pressure (BP) (primary endpoint) from baseline in the TY 8 mg group, the BO 5 mg group, and the placebo group were −12.2 mm Hg, −11.8 mm Hg, and −3.7 mm Hg, respectively, with TY 8 mg demonstrating superiority to placebo and noninferiority to BO 5 mg. Changes from baseline for systolic BP and pulse rate produced significant reductions compared with placebo. TY is expected to serve as a new treatment approach for hypertensive patients.
An affordable method to obtain cultured endothelial cells from peripheral blood
Authors: Bueno‐Betí Carlos , Novella Susana , Lázaro‐Franco Macarena , Pérez‐Cremades Daniel , Heras Magda , Sanchís Juan , Hermenegildo Carlos 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe culture of endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) provides an excellent tool to research on EPC biology and vascular regeneration and vasculogenesis. The use of different protocols to obtain EPC cultures makes it difficult to obtain comparable results in different groups. This work offers a systematic comparison of the main variables of most commonly used protocols for EPC isolation, culture and functional evaluation. Peripheral blood samples from healthy individuals were recovered and mononuclear cells were cultured. Different recovery and culture conditions were tested: blood volume, blood anticoagulant, coating matrix and percentage of foetal bovine serum (FBS) in culture media. The success of culture procedure, first colonies of endothelial cells appearance time, correlation with number of circulating EPC (cEPC) and functional comparison with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were studied. The use of heparin, a minimum blood volume of 30 ml, fibronectin as a coating matrix and endothelial growing media‐2 supplemented with 20% FBS increased the success of obtaining EPC cultures up to 80% of the processed samples while reducing EPC colony appearance mean time to a minimum of 13 days. Blood samples exhibiting higher cEPC numbers resulted in reduced EPC colony appearance mean time. Cells isolated by using this combination were endothelial cell‐like EPCs morphological and phenotypically. Functionally, cultured EPC showed decreased growing and vasculogenic capacity when compared to HUVEC. Thus, above‐mentioned conditions allow the isolation and culture of EPC with smaller blood volumes and shorter times than currently used protocols.
Improving survival and efficacy of pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiac grafts
Authors: Don Creighton W. , Murry Charles E. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractHuman embryonic stem cells (hESCs) can be differentiated into structurally and electrically functional myocardial tissue and have the potential to regenerate large regions of infarcted myocardium. One of the key challenges that needs to be addressed towards full‐scale clinical application of hESCs is enhancing survival of the transplanted cells within ischaemic or scarred, avascular host tissue. Shortly after transplantation, most hESCs are lost as a result of multiple mechanical, cellular and host factors, and a large proportion of the remaining cells undergo apoptosis or necrosis shortly thereafter, as a result of loss of adhesion‐related signals, ischaemia, inflammation or immunological rejection. Blocking the apoptotic signalling pathways of the cells, using pro‐survival cocktails, conditioning hESCs prior to transplant, promoting angiogenesis, immunosuppressing the host and using of bioengineered matrices are among the emerging techniques that have been shown to optimize cell survival. This review presents an overview of the current strategies for optimizing cell and host tissue to improve the survival and efficacy of cardiac cells derived from pluripotent stem cells.
Inhibition of placental growth factor improves surgical outcome of glaucoma surgery
Authors: Van Bergen Tine , Jonckx Bart , Hollanders Karolien , Sijnave Davine , Van de Velde Sarah , Vandewalle Evelien , Moons Lieve , Stassen Jean‐Marie , Stalmans Ingeborg 
Published: October 2013

AbstractExcessive post‐operative wound healing with subsequent scarring frequently leads to surgical failure of glaucoma filtration surgery (trabeculectomy). We investigated the hypothesis that placental growth factor (PlGF) plays a role in post‐operative scar formation, and that it therefore may be a target for improvement of filtration surgery outcome. ELISA experiments showed that PlGF levels were significantly increased in aqueous humour of glaucoma patients and after VEGF treatment, which may indicate an important contribution of this growth factor to wound healing after trabeculectomy. Using a mouse model of glaucoma filtration surgery, we were able to show that intracameral injection of a previously characterized anti‐PlGF antibody (ThromboGenics NV) significantly improved surgical outcome by increasing bleb survival and bleb area. This was associated with a significant reduction in post‐operative proliferation, inflammation and angiogenesis during the first post‐operative days after surgery, and with a decrease in collagen deposition at later stages. Furthermore, inhibition of PlGF seemed to be more effective than anti‐VEGF‐R2 treatment in improving surgical outcome, possibly via its additional effect on inflammation. These results render PlGF an appealing target for ocular wound healing and point to potential therapeutic benefits of PlGF inhibition for the prevention of surgical failure.
Priming of mononuclear cells with a combination of growth factors enhances wound healing via high angiogenic and engraftment capabilities
Authors: Jin Enze , Kim Jong‐Min , Kim Sung‐Whan 
Published: October 2013

AbstractRecently, we demonstrated that a specific combination of growth factors enhances the survival, adhesion and angiogenic potential of mononuclear cells (MNCs). In this study, we sought to investigate the changes of the angiogenic potential of MNCs after short‐time priming with a specific combination of growth factors. MNCs were isolated using density gradient centrifugation and incubated with a priming cocktail containing epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin‐like growth factor (IGF)‐1, fibroblast growth factor (FGF)‐2, FMS‐like tyrosine kinase (Flt)‐3L , Angiopoietin (Ang)‐1, granulocyte chemotactic protein (GCP)‐2 and thrombopoietin (TPO) (all 400 ng/ml) for 15, 30 and 60 min. Wounds in nonobese diabetic‐severe combined immune deficiency (NOD‐SCID) mice were created by skin excision followed by cell transplantation. We performed a qRT‐PCR analysis on the growth factor–primed cells. The angiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐A, FGF‐2, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) and interleukin (IL)‐8 and the anti‐apoptotic factors IGF‐1 and transforming growth factor‐β1 were significantly elevated in the MNCs primed for 30 min. (T30) compared with the non‐primed MNCs (T0). The scratch wound assay revealed that T30‐ conditioned media (CM) significantly increased the rate of fibroblast‐mediated wound closure compared with the rates from T0‐CM and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC)‐CM at 20 hrs. In vivo wound healing results revealed that the T30‐treated wounds demonstrated accelerated wound healing at days 7 and 14 compared with those treated with T0. The histological analyses demonstrated that the number of engrafted cells and transdifferentiated keratinocytes in the wounds were significantly higher in the T30‐transplanted group than in the T0‐transplanted group. In conclusion, this study suggests that short‐term priming of MNCs with growth factors might be alternative therapeutic option for cell‐based therapies.
Extraction sockets: erratic healing impeding factors
Authors: Kim Jung‐Hoon , Susin Cristiano , Min Jeong‐Hyun , Suh Hee‐Yeon , Sang Eun‐Jung , Ku Young , Wikesjö Ulf M. E. , Koo Ki‐Tae 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimThe aim of this exploratory study was to analyse prevalence of extraction sockets showing erratic healing and evaluate factors potentially impeding healing.MethodsErratic healing was defined as extraction sites showing clinical observations of fibrous scar tissue occupying the extraction site rather than bone following 12 or more weeks of healing. Computerized tomography was used to evaluate characteristics and calculate Hounsfield unit scores for sites showing erratic healing.ResultsA total of 1226 dental records from Seoul National University Dental Hospital archives including patients subject to extractions prior to implant placement were evaluated. Seventy subjects (5.71%) and 97 sites (4.24%) exhibited erratic extraction socket healing. Maxillary incisor/canine sites showed the lowest (0.47%), whereas mandibular molar sites the highest (5.41%) occurrence. In the multivariable analysis, erratic healing was more likely to occur in subjects <60 years old (OR = 2.23, 95%CI = 1.26–3.94), subjects with hypertension (OR = 2.37, 95%CI = 1.24–4.55), in molar sites (OR = 4.91, 95%CI = 1.41–17.07), and following single tooth extractions (OR = 2.98, 95%CI = 1.36–6.53). Computerized tomography showed the highest incidence of bone loss for the buccal wall (49.3%).ConclusionErratic extraction socket healing appears a not uncommon sequel and local factors seem to be major contributors to its occurrence.