bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to make climate policy more effective? The search for high leverage points by the multidisciplinary Dutch expert team ‘Energy System 2050’
Authors: de Gooyert Vincent , de Coninck Heleen , ter Haar Bernard 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe Netherlands aims to have a climate‐neutral society in 2050, for which a timely climate neutrality of the energy system is crucial. This is challenging as its geographical location with deep sea harbours and abundant low‐cost natural gas have led to a relatively high energy intensity of its economy as well as vast accumulation of fossil assets in industry. The energy system is strongly intertwined with other systems, and relevant knowledge is spread across scientific disciplines including finance, innovation, geography, governance, economics, and psychology. This is why the Dutch minister for Climate and Energy asked a team of experts from across all these disciplines for advice on how to achieve a climate‐neutral energy system. This study reports on the results of a participative modelling exercise with these experts that was organized to foster a shared understanding of the complexity of the Dutch energy system. The multidisciplinary approach identifies governance, fairness, and trust as high leverage points, and we propose policies that intervene in these variables. We contribute to the literature around climate policy by exhibiting the relevance of understanding the interrelations between the disciplines, leading to recommendations for climate policies that are more effective because they acknowledge and do justice to the interrelated nature of the energy system. Although other articles have proposed similar policies, our study is different because we suggest how the structure of the system can lead to tipping dynamics, thereby providing a new logic of why these policies deserve more attention.
Plastid phylogenomics with broad taxon sampling provides insights into the generic delimitation of Paraphlomideae (Lamiaceae)
Authors: Yuan Jing‐Chen , Liu Ang , Takano Atsuko , Maki Masayuki , Hodel Richard G.J. , Chen Ya‐Ping , Xiang Chun‐Lei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractParaphlomideae (Lamioideae, Lamiaceae) is a recently established tribe endemic to East and Southeast Asia. It comprises three herbaceous genera: Paraphlomis, Matsumurella, and Ajugoides. Phylogenetic relationships among these genera have not yet been satisfactorily resolved and the monophyly of Paraphlomis was challenged in previous molecular phylogenetic studies. In this study, we performed maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses on complete plastomes and nuclear ribosomal internal and external transcribed spacer sequences to further resolve the generic relationships within Paraphlomideae. All phylogenetic analyses support the monophyly of Paraphlomideae. Contrary to traditional classifications, both Ajugoides and Matsumurella were deeply nested within Paraphlomis, indicating the need to expand Paraphlomis to include Ajugoides and Matsumurella. Hence, six new combinations and one replacement name are proposed. Morphologically, species of the newly defined Paraphlomis share a rhizomatous or stoloniferous habit, plants with simple hairs, nutlets with a truncate apex, and actinomorphic calyces. In addition, widespread incongruence between nuclear and plastid trees may have been caused by hybridization and incomplete lineage sorting after rapid diversification in the re‐circumscribed Paraphlomis.
Leveraging genomics and temporal high‐throughput phenotyping to enhance association mapping and yield prediction in sesame
Authors: Sabag Idan , Bi Ye , Sahoo Maitreya Mohan , Herrmann Ittai , Morota Gota , Peleg Zvi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSesame (Sesamum indicum) is an important oilseed crop with rising demand owing to its nutritional and health benefits. There is an urgent need to develop and integrate new genomic‐based breeding strategies to meet these future demands. While genomic resources have advanced genetic research in sesame, the implementation of high‐throughput phenotyping and genetic analysis of longitudinal traits remains limited. Here, we combined high‐throughput phenotyping and random regression models to investigate the dynamics of plant height, leaf area index, and five spectral vegetation indices throughout the sesame growing seasons in a diversity panel. Modeling the temporal phenotypic and additive genetic trajectories revealed distinct patterns corresponding to the sesame growth cycle. We also conducted longitudinal genomic prediction and association mapping of plant height using various models and cross‐validation schemes. Moderate prediction accuracy was obtained when predicting new genotypes at each time point, and moderate to high values were obtained when forecasting future phenotypes. Association mapping revealed three genomic regions in linkage groups 6, 8, and 11, conferring trait variation over time and growth rate. Furthermore, we leveraged correlations between the temporal trait and seed‐yield and applied multi‐trait genomic prediction. We obtained an improvement over single‐trait analysis, especially when phenotypes from earlier time points were used, highlighting the potential of using a high‐throughput phenotyping platform as a selection tool. Our results shed light on the genetic control of longitudinal traits in sesame and underscore the potential of high‐throughput phenotyping to detect a wide range of traits and genotypes that can inform sesame breeding efforts to enhance yield.
Sirt5 affects the metabolic remodeling of eosinophils by negatively regulating the level of succinylation modification of Pkm2 in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Wu Shun‐Yu , Cai Bo‐Yu , Cao Zhi‐Wen , Wang Tian‐Yu , Liang Cai‐Quan , Xu En‐Hong , Peng Hu , Jianchun‐Liao  , Liu Huan‐Hai 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis study aims to investigate the role of Sirt5 in regulating eosinophil maturation and activation, specifically focusing on primary eosinophils in mice at the genetic level. Additionally, the study aims to elucidate the underlying mechanism of Sirt5 in eosinophilic inflammation metabolism and identify potential drug targets for the treatment of chronic sinusitis. The findings of this study will provide new insights and a solid theoretical basis for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (eCRS).MethodsOur study investigated the role of Sirt5 gene expression in both non‐eCRS and eCRS. We examined the correlation between Sirt5 gene expression and disease severity as well as eosinophil infiltration. Additionally, we utilized a mouse model of eCRS to assess the impact of Sirt5 gene deletion on the disease. To further understand the underlying mechanisms, we conducted experiments at the single‐cell level using bone marrow‐derived eosinophils. We validated our findings through in vitro culture of eosinophils and intervention experiments. Through these experiments, we aimed to elucidate how Sirt5 regulates target proteins and reshapes their related metabolic pathways.ResultsThere is a positive correlation between the severity of eCRS and the expression level of Sirt5 in nasal mucosa. Inhibiting Sirt5 expression can effectively alleviate the abnormal activation of eosinophils and the resulting inflammatory response in eCRS‐affected nasal mucosa. Sirt5 exerts its influence on eosinophil metabolism by negatively regulating the succinylation level of pkm2, a critical gene in the amino acid biosynthesis pathway.ConclusionsThe severity of eCRS is closely associated with the expression level of Sirt5. Sirt5 plays a negative regulatory role in the succinylation level of Pkm2 in eosinophils, thereby influencing metabolic remodeling and functional activation in eCRS. Investigating Sirt5 and its downstream metabolic pathways could offer valuable insights into the disease's pathogenesis and facilitate the development of targeted therapeutic strategies. This research holds significant implications for clinical practitioners involved in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with eCRS.
Small instanton-induced flavor invariants and the axion potential
Authors: Bedi Ravneet , Gherghetta Tony , Grojean Christophe , Guedes Guilherme , Kley Jonathan , Vuong Pham Ngoc Hoa 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Small instantons which increase the axion mass due to an appropriate modification of QCD at a UV scale ΛSI, can also enhance the effect of CP-violating operators to shift the axion potential minimum by an amount, θind, proportional to the flavorful couplings in the SMEFT. Since physical observables must be flavor basis independent, we construct a basis of determinant-like flavor invariants that arise from instanton calculations containing the effects of dimension-six CP-odd operators at the scale "Image missing". This new basis provides a more reliable estimate of the shift θind, that is severely constrained by neutron electric dipole moment experiments. In particular, for the case of four-quark, semi-leptonic and gluon dipole operators, these invariants are then used to provide improved limits on the ratio of scales "Image missing" for different flavor scenarios. The CP-odd flavor invariants also provide a classification of the leading effects from Wilson coefficients, and as an example, we show that a semi-leptonic four-fermion operator is subdominant compared to the four-quark operators. More generally, the flavor invariants, together with an instanton NDA, can be used to more accurately estimate small instanton effects in the axion potential that arise from any SMEFT operator.
Line operators, vortex statistics, and Higgs versus confinement dynamics
Authors: Cherman Aleksey , Jacobson Theodore , Sen Srimoyee , Yaffe Laurence G. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We study a 2+1D lattice gauge theory with fundamental representation scalar fields which has both Higgs and confining regimes with a spontaneously-broken U(1) 0-form symmetry. We show that the Higgs and confining regimes may be distinguished by a natural gauge invariant observable: the phase Ω of a correlation function of a vortex line operator linking with an electric Wilson line. We employ dualities and strong coupling expansions to analytically explore parameter regimes which were inaccessible in previous continuum calculations, and discuss possible implications for the phase diagram.
Deutsches Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendgesundheit
Authors: Gärtner Jutta , Berner Reinhard , Debatin Klaus-Michael , Klein Christoph , Körner Antje , Mall Marcus A. , Muntau Ania C. , van den Berg Neeltje 
Published: June 2024

ZusammenfassungDas Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) hat die Ausschreibung zum Aufbau eines Deutschen Zentrums für Kinder- und Jugendgesundheit (DZKJ) im Jahr 2020 veröffentlicht. In einem kompetitiven Auswahlverfahren wurden die Standorte Berlin, Göttingen, Greifswald/Rostock, Hamburg, Leipzig/Dresden, München und Ulm aufgrund ihrer thematischen Konzepte und wissenschaftlichen Exzellenz als Partnerstandorte für das neue Zentrum ausgewählt. Das DZKJ wird innerhalb der bereits bestehenden Deutschen Zentren der Gesundheitsforschung (DZG) die Forschung im Bereich der Kinder- und Jugendgesundheit nachhaltig und international sichtbar stärken. Übergreifendes Ziel des Zentrums ist es, die vorhandenen Expertisen eng zu vernetzen, Forschungsergebnisse schneller in die Praxis zu transferieren, Patient*innen und ihre Vertreter*innen einzubinden, den wissenschaftlichen Nachwuchs zu fördern und damit die gesunde Entwicklung von Kindern und Jugendlichen langfristig zu verbessern. Gemeinsam haben die Partner ein Forschungskonzept erarbeitet, das zur Entwicklung einer neuen Ära der personalisierten, prädiktiven und partizipativen Medizin für Kinder und Jugendliche beiträgt.
Good r-divisions Imply Optimal Amortized Decremental Biconnectivity
Authors: Holm Jacob , Rotenberg Eva 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe present a data structure that, given a graph G of n vertices and m edges, and a suitable pair of nested r-divisions of G, preprocesses G in $$O(m+n)$$

O
(
m
+
n
)

time and handles any series of edge-deletions in O(m) total time while answering queries to pairwise biconnectivity in worst-case O(1) time. In case the vertices are not biconnected, the data structure can return a cutvertex separating them in worst-case O(1) time. As an immediate consequence, this gives optimal amortized decremental biconnectivity, 2-edge connectivity, and connectivity for large classes of graphs, including planar graphs and other minor free graphs.
Characterization and Abundance of Plasmid-Dependent Alphatectivirus Bacteriophages
Authors: Parra Boris , Lutz Veronika T. , Brøndsted Lone , Carmona Javiera L. , Palomo Alejandro , Nesme Joseph , Van Hung Le Vuong , Smets Barth F. , Dechesne Arnaud 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major public health threat, exacerbated by the ability of bacteria to rapidly disseminate antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG). Since conjugative plasmids of the incompatibility group P (IncP) are ubiquitous mobile genetic elements that often carry ARG and are broad-host-range, they are important targets to prevent the dissemination of AMR. Plasmid-dependent phages infect plasmid-carrying bacteria by recognizing components of the conjugative secretion system as receptors. We sought to isolate plasmid-dependent phages from wastewater using an avirulent strain of Salmonella enterica carrying the conjugative IncP plasmid pKJK5. Irrespective of the site, we only obtained bacteriophages belonging to the genus Alphatectivirus. Eleven isolates were sequenced, their genomes analyzed, and their host range established using S. enterica, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas putida carrying diverse conjugative plasmids. We confirmed that Alphatectivirus are abundant in domestic and hospital wastewater using culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches. However, these results are not consistent with their low or undetectable occurrence in metagenomes. Therefore, overall, our results emphasize the importance of performing phage isolation to uncover diversity, especially considering the potential of plasmid-dependent phages to reduce the spread of ARG carried by conjugative plasmids, and to help combat the AMR crisis.
Treatment abandonment in children with Wilms tumor at a national referral hospital in Uganda
Authors: Nanteza Sumayiya , Yap Ava , Stephens Caroline Q. , Kambagu Joyce Balagadde , Kisa Phyllis , Kakembo Nasser , Fadil Geriga , Nimanya Stella A. , Okello Innocent , Naluyimbazi Rovine , Mbwali Fiona , Kayima Peter , Ssewanyana Yasin , Grabski David , Naik-Mathuria Bindi , Langer Monica , Ozgediz Doruk , Sekabira John 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Introduction
The incidence of pediatric Wilms’ tumor (WT) is high in Africa, though patients abandon treatment after initial diagnosis. We sought to identify factors associated with WT treatment abandonment in Uganda.

Methods
A cohort study of patients < 18 years with WT in a Ugandan national referral hospital examined clinical and treatment outcomes data, comparing children whose families adhered to and abandoned treatment. Abandonment was defined as the inability to complete neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery for patients with unilateral WT and definitive chemotherapy for patients with bilateral WT. Patient factors were assessed via bivariate logistic regression.

Results
137 WT patients were included from 2012 to 2017. The mean age was 3.9 years, 71% (n = 98) were stage III or higher. After diagnosis, 86% (n = 118) started neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 59% (n = 82) completed neoadjuvant therapy, and 55% (n = 75) adhered to treatment through surgery. Treatment abandonment was associated with poor chemotherapy response (odds ratio [OR] 4.70, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.30–17.0) and tumor size > 25 cm (OR 2.67, 95% CI 1.05–6.81).

Conclusions
Children with WT in Uganda frequently abandon care during neoadjuvant therapy, particularly those with large tumors with poor response. Further investigation into the factors that influence treatment abandonment and a deeper understanding of tumor biology are needed to improve treatment adherence of children with WT in Uganda.
A randomized controlled cross-over trial investigating the acute inflammatory and metabolic response after meals based on red meat, fatty fish, or soy protein: the postprandial inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (PIRA) trial
Authors: Hulander Erik , Bärebring Linnea , Winkvist Anna , Gjertsson Inger , Lindqvist Helen M. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) has a point prevalence of around 20 million people worldwide. Patients with RA often believe that food intake affects disease activity, and that intake of red meat aggravate symptoms. The main objective of the Postprandial Inflammation in Rheumatoid Arthritis (PIRA) trial was to assess whether postprandial inflammation and serum lipid profile are affected differently by a meal including red meat, fatty fish, or a soy protein (vegan) meal.

Methods
Using a randomized controlled crossover design, 25 patients were assigned to eat isocaloric hamburger meals consisting of red meat (60% beef, 40% pork), fatty fish (salmon), or soy protein for breakfast. Blood samples were taken before meals and at intervals up to 5 h postprandial. The analysis included the inflammation marker interleukin 6 (IL-6) and serum lipids.

Results
No significant differences in postprandial IL-6 or triglyceride concentrations were found between meals. However, the area under the curve of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) particle counts, as well as VLDL-4-bound cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids, was higher after the fatty fish compared to both red meat and soy protein.

Conclusion
Postprandial inflammation assessed by IL-6 did not indicate any acute negative effects of red meat intake compared to fatty fish- or soy protein in patients with RA. The fatty fish meal resulted in a higher number of VLDL-particles and more lipids in the form of small VLDL particles compared to the other protein sources.
A systematic review on the impact of nutrition and possible supplementation on the deficiency of vitamin complexes, iron, omega-3-fatty acids, and lycopene in relation to increased morbidity in women after menopause
Authors: Wylenzek Friederike , Bühling Kai J. , Laakmann Elena 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Summary
A balanced and healthy diet during the menopausal transition and after menopause is crucial for women to reduce the risk for morbidities and chronic diseases due to deficiency of essential nutrients.

Purpose
The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of studies that analyzed the impact of vitamin and nutrient deficiencies in postmenopausal women in relation to increased morbidities and chronic conditions.

Methods
Observational studies were searched in the databases PubMed, UpToDate, and Google Scholar.

Results
We searched 122 studies, of which 90 were included in our analysis. The meta-analysis of the data could not be performed because of the heterogeneity of the statistical methods in the included studies. In our study, we focused on the aspects of vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin D, iron, omega-3-fatty acids, and lycopene, belonging to the family of carotenoids. Postmenopausal women with deficiencies of these nutrients are more vulnerable to comorbidities such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, metabolic diseases, osteoporosis, obesity, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, depression, cognitive decline, dementia, and stroke. We concluded that women after menopause tend to have a greater probability of suffering from deficiencies in various vitamins and nutrients, and consequently have an increased risk of developing morbidities and chronic diseases.

Conclusion
In conclusion, maintaining optimum serum levels of nutrients and vitamins, either through a balanced and healthy diet consuming fresh fruits, vegetables, and fats or by taking appropriate supplementation, is essential in maintaining optimal health-related quality of life and reducing the risk for women during the menopausal transition and after menopause. Nevertheless, more recent studies need to be assessed to formulate adequate recommendations to achieve positive clinical outcomes.
Effects of Active Chronic Cigarette-Smoke Exposure on Circulating Fibrocytes
Authors: Khan Faheem , Judge Eoin P. , Das Jeeban P. , White Daniel , Ingram Carolyn , Keane Michael P. , Butler Marcus W. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the hypothesis that active smoking impacts upon mediators and abundance of circulating fibrocyte cells in smoking-related disease characterised by fibrosis.

Methods
Flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to investigate blood from five patient groups: healthy never-smokers, healthy current smokers, stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) active smokers, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) never-smokers, and IPF active smokers.

Results
A significant inverse dose–response relationship was observed in healthy smokers among cumulative smoking burden (pack-years) and fibrocyte abundance (p = 0.006, r = −0.86). Among serum profibrotic fibrocyte chemokines measured, CCL18 rose significantly alongside fibrocyte numbers in all five subject groups, while having an inverse dose–response relationship with pack-year burden in healthy smokers (p = 0.003, r = −0.89). In IPF, CCL2 rose in direct proportion to fibrocyte abundance irrespective of smoking status but had lower serum levels in those currently smoking (p =  < 0.001). For the study population, CXCL12 was decreased in pooled current smokers versus never-smokers (p = 0.03).

Conclusion
The suppressive effect of current, as distinct from former, chronic smoking on circulating fibrocyte abundance in healthy smokers, and modulation of regulatory chemokine levels by active smoking may have implications for future studies of fibrocytes in smoking-related lung diseases as a potential confounding variable.
Robotic surgery versus conventional laparoscopy in sigmoid colectomy for diverticular disease-a comparison of operative trauma and cost-effectiveness: retrospective, single-center analysis
Authors: Presl Jaroslav , Ehgartner M. , Schabl L. , Singhartinger F. , Gantschnigg A. , Wallner E. , Jäger T. , Emmanuel K. , Kessler H. , Koch O. O. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Robotic assisted surgery is an alternative, fast evolving technique for performing colorectal surgery. The primary aim of this single center analysis is to compare elective laparoscopic and robotic sigmoid colectomies for diverticular disease on the extent of operative trauma and the costs.

Methods
Retrospective analysis from our prospective clinical database to identify all consecutive patients aged ≥ 18 years who underwent elective minimally invasive left sided colectomy for diverticular disease from January 2016 until December 2020 at our tertiary referral institution.

Results
In total, 83 patients (31 female and 52 male) with sigmoid diverticulitis underwent elective minimally invasive sigmoid colectomy, of which 42 underwent conventional laparoscopic surgery (LS) and 41 robotic assisted surgery (RS). The mean C-reactive protein difference between the preoperative and postoperative value was significantly lower in the robotic assisted group (4,03 mg/dL) than in the laparoscopic group (7.32 mg/dL) (p = 0.030). Similarly, the robotic´s hemoglobin difference was significantly lower (p = 0.039). The first postoperative bowel movement in the LS group occurred after a mean of 2.19 days, later than after a mean of 1.63 days in the RS group (p = 0.011). An overview of overall charge revealed significantly lower total costs per operation and postoperative hospital stay for the robotic approach, 6058 € vs. 6142 € (p = 0,014) not including the acquisition and maintenance costs for both systems.

Conclusion
Robotic colon resection for diverticular disease is cost-effective and delivers reduced intraoperative trauma with significantly lower postoperative C-reactive protein and hemoglobin drift compared to conventional laparoscopy.