bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of Mg enrichment of vegetable sprouts on Mg concentration, yield and ROS generation
Authors: Przybysz Arkadiusz , Wrochna Mariola , Małecka‐Przybysz Monika , Gawrońska Helena , Gawroński Stanisław W 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDTwo‐thirds of the world's population do not consume the recommended amount of Mg, hence the demand for the production of Mg‐enriched plants. Sprouts represent promising targets for enrichment. This study evaluated the effects of enriching broccoli, radish, alfalfa and mung bean sprouts with Mg (50–300 mg L−1) on (i) the concentration of Mg and other ions, (ii) biomass accumulation, (iii) levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and (iv) the activity/content of enzymatic and non‐enzymatic components of antioxidative systems.RESULTSEnrichment of sprouts with Mg led to a significant increase in Mg concentration, especially in alfalfa (increase of 23–152 %), without depletion of other ions. A higher Mg concentration had a minor effect on biomass accumulation, but increased, often significantly, ROS generation and affected enzymatic and non‐enzymatic antioxidative systems. The level of O2•− increased most in broccoli, by 59–158%, while OH• increased most in radish, by 200–350%.CONCLUSIONSEnrichment of sprouts with Mg is possible, but attention must be paid to elevated ROS levels in food. Mung bean sprouts are best suited to enrichment as they make a considerable contribution to the daily supplementation of Mg, at still low levels of ROS in enriched plants. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
An anatomical and histological study of the vascularized iliotibial tract graft
Authors: Tokumoto Hideki , Akita Shinsuke , Mitsukawa Nobuyuki , Hasegawa Masakazu , Kubota Yoshitaka , Adachi Naoki , Suzuki Takane , Satoh Kaneshige 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundAn examination of the vascular anatomy of the iliotibial tract (IT) has not been previously reported. Because a flap resists infection better than an avascular graft, a vascularized IT graft is useful for reconstructive surgeries pertaining to infected wounds or wounds in contact with artificial material. The purpose of this study was to examine the vascular anatomy of the IT.Materials and MethodsThe study sample consisted of 39 limbs of freshly frozen cadavers. The study was divided into three parts. The ascending and transverse branches of the lateral circumflex femoral artery (LCFA) of all cadavers were injected with latex. Distance from the tensor fasciae latae muscle and the most distal point at which the vessel on the IT was stained by latex was recorded. A microscopic observation was performed for these limbs. The deep femoral artery (DFA) or superior lateral genicular artery (SLGA) was also observed.ResultsThe length of the IT fed by the LCFA was 162.3 ± 36.2 mm. The IT vascularity was located between the layered structure of the fascia and there was a vascular source for the IT within 1 mm above the IT by optical microscopy. The vascularity derived from the DFA or SLGA was not confirmed in any specimens.ConclusionsBlood supply of the IT was derived from the LCFA and a vascularized IT graft could be elevated in length to approximately 16 cm. This knowledge may be useful for improving the safety of surgery when transferring an IT flap. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 36:325–329, 2016.
Randomized algorithms for generalized Hermitian eigenvalue problems with application to computing Karhunen–Loève expansion
Authors: Saibaba Arvind K. , Lee Jonghyun , Kitanidis Peter K. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryWe describe randomized algorithms for computing the dominant eigenmodes of the generalized Hermitian eigenvalue problem Ax = λBx, with A Hermitian and B Hermitian and positive definite. The algorithms we describe only require forming operations Ax,Bx and B−1x and avoid forming square roots of B (or operations of the form, B1/2x or B−1/2x). We provide a convergence analysis and a posteriori error bounds and derive some new results that provide insight into the accuracy of the eigenvalue calculations. The error analysis shows that the randomized algorithm is most accurate when the generalized singular values of B−1A decay rapidly. A randomized algorithm for the generalized singular value decomposition is also provided. Finally, we demonstrate the performance of our algorithm on computing an approximation to the Karhunen–Loève expansion, which involves a computationally intensive generalized Hermitian eigenvalue problem with rapidly decaying eigenvalues. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extensive fragmentation of pheophytin‐a by infrared multiphoton dissociation tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Wei Juan , O'Connor Peter B. 
Published: November 2015

RationaleIn a previous tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) study on chlorophyll‐a, infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) was demonstrated as a more effective fragmentation method than collision‐induced dissociation (CID) and electron‐induced dissociation (EID), where odd‐electron product ions were observed ubiquitously in CID and IRMPD. To further understand the role of the macrocycle and the central Mg atom in the MS/MS process, the fragmentation behaviour of pheophytin‐a, the Mg‐free chlorophyll‐a, was investigated.MethodsCID, IRMPD, and EID were applied to the singly protonated pheophytin‐a using an ultra‐high‐resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometer. The result is compared with the MS/MS study of chlorophyll‐a.ResultsFor pheophytin‐a, some different fragmentation patterns from chlorophyll‐a were obtained by all three MS/MS methods, but IRMPD still appears the most efficient method of generating product ions. The detection of odd‐electron fragments in the CID and IRMPD spectra of protonated pheophytin‐a suggests that the macrocyclic structure effectively stabilizes radicals, and these radical ions seem to have a relatively higher abundance in the presence of the central Mg atom.ConclusionsThe strong absorption in the infrared region of pheophytin‐a and secondary free radical rearrangement are proposed to explain the extensive frgmentation in IRMPD spectra. In addition, a comparison of the IRMPD spectra of chlorophyll‐a and pheophytin‐a shows that the macrocycle in the absence of the Mg atom is much more fragile. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Patient Satisfaction of Surgical Treatment of Clitoral Phimosis and Labial Adhesions Caused by Lichen Sclerosus
Authors: Flynn Anne N. , King Michelle , Rieff Mollie , Krapf Jill , Goldstein Andrew T. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

Introduction
Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis, usually affecting the anogenital skin in women. This chronic inflammation can cause scarring of genitalia including narrowing of the introitus and phimosis of the clitoris. These architectural changes can lead to recurrent tearing during intercourse (vulvar granuloma fissuratum) and decreased clitoral sensation. Surgical correction of vulvar granuloma fissuratum (VGF) and clitoral phimosis can be performed, but there is little data on the patient satisfaction and complications following these surgical procedures.

Aim
To evaluate patient experience and outcomes in women undergoing surgical correction of scarring caused by anogenital LS.

Methods
A retrospective chart review of patients at a vulvar disorders clinic was performed to identify women who had undergone surgical correction of clitoral phimosis or lysis of vulvar adhesions for VGF due to LS. Twenty-eight women were contacted via telephone between 4 and 130 months postoperatively. An eight-question survey was used to determine patient experience and outcomes.

Main Outcome Measures
All participants completed an eight-question survey to evaluate patient satisfaction with the surgery, effects on clitoral sensation, orgasm and pain with intercourse, postoperative symptoms or complications, and the presence of recurrent vulvar scarring.

Results
Participants reported that they were either very satisfied (44%) or satisfied (40%) with the procedure. Of the women who experienced decreased clitoral sensation prior to surgery, 75% endorsed increased clitoral sensitivity postoperatively. Of the women who had dyspareunia prior to surgery, the majority of women reported having pain-free sex (33%) or improved but not completely pain-free sex (58%) after surgery. There were no complications or symptoms made worse by the surgical procedures.

Conclusions
This study shows high patient satisfaction and low complication risk associated with surgical correction of clitoral phimosis and lysis of vulvar adhesions for VGF caused by LS. Patients reported improvement in clitoral sensation and ability to achieve orgasm, as well as decreased dyspareunia. Surgical correction of vulvar scarring is a viable option to restore vulvar anatomy and sexual function in appropriate candidates with anogenital LS.
Experimental study on fatigue behaviour of CFRP plates externally bonded to concrete substrate
Authors: Zhang Wei 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe behaviour of the bond between fibre‐reinforced polymers (FRP) and concrete greatly influences the behaviour of concrete structures strengthened with FRP composites. Although numerous experimental studies have investigated this bond, experimental data concerning fatigue tests on carbon FRP plates attached to concrete blocks are still lacking. Therefore, a series of double‐lap shear tests under monotonic and fatigue loadings were performed on concrete prismatic specimens reinforced with CFRP plates. First, a series of experimental investigations are summarized. Thereafter, the fatigue behaviour of CFRP plate debonding is characterized using S‐N diagrams that represent the relationship of the upper‐limit fatigue load with the monotonic load strength and the number of cycles to debonding on a semi‐logarithmic scale.
Investigation of optimal layout of ties in STM developed by topology optimization
Authors: Zhou Lin‐Yun , He Zhi‐Qi , Liu Zhao 
Published: November 2015

AbstractStrut‐and‐tie models (STMs) have been wildly used for the design of disturbed regions in structural concrete members. The STM developed based on the load path method or with the aid of stress trajectories is not unique and varies with the designer′s intuition and past experience. As a result, topology optimization methods have been adopted to generate STMs in reinforced concrete structures. However, such models are just a preliminary configuration and the detailed layout of ties in an STM cannot be determined by the optimal topology. This is because reinforced concrete is assumed to be a uniform elastic continuum. Therefore, the effect of the steel reinforcement on the load transmission cannot be considered in the optimization process. Recently, the criterion of minimum strain energy has been proposed to determine the optimal layout of STMs obtained by the modified optimization method. However, the strain energy criterion does not work when the minimum strain energy in ties is zero when evaluated by mathematical equations. To address this issue, the maximum stiffness criterion is proposed to discover the optimal layout of ties in STMs by evaluating the stiffnesses of strut ties.
Roles for SUMO in pre‐mRNA processing
Authors: Nuro‐Gyina Patrick K. , Parvin Jeffrey D. 
Published: November 2015

When the small ubiquitin‐like modifier (SUMO)‐1 protein is localized on the genome, it is found on proteins bound to the promoters of the most highly active genes and on proteins bound to the DNA‐encoding exons. Inhibition of the SUMO‐1 modification leads to reductions in initiation of messenger RNA (mRNA) synthesis and splicing. In this review, we discuss what is known about the SUMOylation of factors involved in transcription initiation, pre‐mRNA processing, and polyadenylation. We suggest a mechanism by which SUMO modifications of factors at the promoters of high‐activity genes trigger the formation of an RNA polymerase II complex that coordinates and integrates the stimulatory signals for each process to catalyze an extremely high level of gene expression. WIREs RNA 2016, 7:105–112. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1318This article is categorized under:

RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein–RNA Interactions: Functional Implications
RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing
Diabetes Mellitus in Patients Presenting with Adhesive Small Bowel Obstruction: Delaying Surgical Intervention Results in Worse Outcomes
Authors: Karamanos Efstathios , Dulchavsky Scott , Beale Elizabeth , Inaba Kenji , Demetriades Demetrios 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIntroductionThe impact of diabetes mellitus (DM) on outcomes in patients undergoing emergency laparotomy for adhesive small bowel obstruction (ASBO) remains unknown.MethodsLow‐risk (ASA class of I and II) patients requiring emergency operation for ASBO were identified using the ACS NSQIP database. Propensity score matching was used to match patients with DM to those without DM in a ratio of 1:3. Mortality, infectious complications, acute renal failure (ARF), and myocardial infarction (MI) were compared between the two groups. The impact of delaying OR ≥24 h was also analyzed in the two groups.ResultsA total of 1,608 patients were matched, 402 with DM and 1,204 without DM. Overall, patients with DM were significantly more likely to develop infections, ARF and MI. Diabetes had no negative impact on outcomes if the operation was performed within 24 h of admission. However, delaying surgery >24, significantly increased infections, ARF and MI.ConclusionsDM in low‐risk patients has no negative impact on outcomes in patients undergoing surgery for ASBO within 24 h. However, delaying surgery >24 h resulted in worse outcomes.
Four types of cannabimimetic indazole and indole derivatives, ADB-BINACA, AB-FUBICA, ADB-FUBICA, and AB-BICA, identified as new psychoactive substances
Authors: Qian Zhenhua , Hua Zhendong , Liu Cuimei , Jia Wei 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
We identified four cannabimimetic indazole and indole derivatives in new illegal psychoactive substances seized from a clandestine laboratory in China. These four derivatives included N-(1-amino-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-benzyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (ADB-BINACA, 1), N-(1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamide (AB-FUBICA, 2), N-(1-amino-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamide (ADB-FUBICA, 3), and N-(1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-benzyl-1H-indole-3-carboxamide (AB-BICA, 4). These compounds were identified by liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. No chemical or pharmacological data about compound 4 has appeared until now, making this the first report on this compound. Compounds 1, 2, and 3 have previously been reported to have a high affinity for cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors, but this is the first report of their presence in illegal products.
Patients with chronic pain: One-year follow-up of a multimodal rehabilitation programme at a pain clinic
Authors: Hållstam Andrea , Löfgren Monika , Svensén Christer , Stålnacke Britt-Marie 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

Background and aims
Multimodal rehabilitation (MMR) programmes, including, physical training, educational and psychological interventions by an interdisciplinary team are found to be more successful for patients with disabling chronic pain compared with less comprehensive treatments. MMR programmes are based on the biopsychosocial model and the goal is usually to improve function, quality of life and facilitate and enable return to work. As pain clinics traditionally offer conventional medical pain treatment, there is limited knowledge about MMR given in this context. The aim of our study was to describe characteristics of patients with chronic pain, treated with a MMR programme at a conventional pain clinic, to evaluate patient-reported outcome measures (PROM) from start to one year after, and to study possibly associated factors for the improvement of health-related quality of life after one year.

Methods
A prospective, observational study with a one-year follow-up was performed.

Subjects
A total of 42 individuals (38 females, age 44.0 ± 12.3 years and 4 men age 40 ± 8.5 years) with different pain diagnoses were included. After a team assessment, the patients began a programme that lasted about three months. The MMR programme contained coordinated, individually adapted treatments administered individually or in groups, and was based on cognitive behavioural principles. Questionnaires regarding health-related quality of life (HRQoL) (EQ-5D), insomnia (ISI), mental health (HADS), painrelated disability (PDI), kinesiophobia (TSK), current pain intensity (VAS) and sense of coherence (SOC) were used at the start of the MMR and at follow-up. Demographic data were collected from the patient records.

Results
The PROM at baseline showed substantial pain problems with low HRQoL (EQ-5D index of 0.1 ± 0.282, and EQ VAS of 32.67 ± 20.1), moderate insomnia (ISI 18.95 ± 6.7), doubtful cases of depression and anxiety (HADS-depression 9.35 ± 4.1 and HADS-anxiety 9.78 ± 3.95), presence of pain-related disability (PDI 39.48 ±12.64), kinesiophobia (TSK 40.8 ± 9.8), as well as moderate current pain (VAS 61.31 ± 20.4). The sense of coherence was weak (SOC of 51.37 ± 14). At one-year follow-up, significant (p ≥ 0.05) improvement occurred on the EQ-5D index, EQ VAS, ISI, PDI and TSK. In the logistic regression analysis, no significant associations could be identified.

Conclusions
MMR for patients with complex pain problems can be a successful treatment alternative at conventional pain clinics.

Implications
Since access to rehabilitation clinics in Sweden may be limited, the availability of MMR can increase by providing this type of intervention in pain clinics. Increased knowledge of MMR in different settings can also contribute to increased understanding and collaboration between pain clinics and rehabilitation units.
Impaired recognition memory and cognitive flexibility in the ratL5–L6 spinal nerve ligation model of neuropathic pain
Authors: Moriarty Orla , Gorman Claire L. , McGowan Fiona , Ford Gemma K. , Roche Michelle , Thompson Kerry , Dockery Peter , McGuire Brian E. , Finn David P. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

Background and aims
Although neuropathic pain is known to negatively affect cognition, the neural mechanisms involved are poorly understood. Chronic pain is associated with changes in synaptic plasticity in the brain which may impact on cognitive functioning. The aim of this study was to model neuropathic pain in mid-aged rats using spinal nerve ligation (SNL). Following establishment of allodynia and hyperalgesia, behaviour was assessed in a battery of cognitive tests. Expression of the presynaptic protein, synaptophysin, and its colocalisation with the vesicular GABA and glutamate transporters (vGAT and vGLUT, respectively), was investigated in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampus.

Methods
Nine month old male Sprague Dawley rats underwent L5-L6 spinal nerve ligation or a sham procedure. Mechanical and cold allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia were assessed using von Frey, acetone and Hargreaves tests, respectively. Cognition was assessed in the novel-object recognition, air-puff passive avoidance and Morris water maze behavioural tasks. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the expression of synaptophysin in the mPFC and CA1 region of the hippocampus and double labelling of synaptophysin and the vesicular transporters vGAT and vGlut was used to investigate the distribution of synaptophysin on GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons.

Results
SNL rats displayed impaired performance in the novel-object recognition task. Passive-avoidance responding, and spatial learning and memory in the Morris water maze, were unaffected by SNL surgery. However, in the water maze reversal task, pain-related impairments were evident during training and probe trials. SNL surgery was not associated with any differences in the expression of synaptophysin or its colocalisation with vGAT or vGLUT in the mPFC or the hippocampal CA1 region.

Conclusions
These results suggest that the SNL model of neuropathic pain is associated with deficits in recognition memory and cognitive flexibility, but these deficits are not associated with altered synaptophysin expression or distribution in the mPFC and CA1.

Implications
Cognitive complaints are common amongst chronic pain patients. Here we modelled cognitive impairment in a well-established animal model of neuropathic pain and investigated the neural mechanisms involved. A better understanding of this phenomenon is an important prerequisite for the development of improved treatment of patients affected.
Company Responses to Human Rights Reports: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: KAMMINGA Menno T. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractHow do companies respond to their critics? Are there significant differences in responsiveness between industrial sectors, between the countries in which companies are based, and between the companies themselves? Do responses reflect the belief that companies have a responsibility to respect human rights? Do companies that participate in the UN Global Compact react more responsibly than those that do not? This article attempts to answer these questions by examining company responses to civil society reports contained in the company response database of the Business & Human Rights Resource Centre. The analysis covers responses to 1877 requests made by the Resource Centre from 2005–2014.
Inertial particle acceleration in strained turbulence
Authors: Lee C.-M. , Gylfason Á. , Perlekar P. , Toschi F. 
Published: November 2015

The dynamics of inertial particles in turbulence is modelled and investigated by means of direct numerical simulation of an axisymmetrically expanding homogeneous turbulent strained flow. This flow can mimic the dynamics of particles close to stagnation points. The influence of mean straining flow is explored by varying the dimensionless strain rate parameter $Sk_{0}/{\it\epsilon}_{0}$ from 0.2 to 20, where $S$ is the mean strain rate, $k_{0}$ and ${\it\epsilon}_{0}$ are the turbulent kinetic energy and energy dissipation rate at the onset of straining. We report results relative to the acceleration variances and probability density functions for both passive and inertial particles. A high mean strain is found to have a significant effect on the acceleration variance both directly by an increase in the frequency of the turbulence and indirectly through the coupling of the fluctuating velocity and the mean flow field. The influence of the strain on the normalized particle acceleration probability distribution functions is more subtle. For the case of a passive particle we can approximate the acceleration variance with the aid of rapid-distortion theory and obtain good agreement with simulation data. For the case of inertial particles we can write a formal expression for the accelerations. The magnitude changes in the inertial particle acceleration variance and the effect on the probability density function are then discussed in a wider context for comparable flows, where the effects of the mean flow geometry and of the anisotropy at small scales are present.