bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parents' Perceptions of Schools' COVID‐19 Mitigation Strategies: A Phenomenological Study
Authors: Dinh Janny , Edwards Lorece V. , Calderon Gabriela , Klein Lauren M. , Wang June , Marrero Natalie , Johnson Sara B. , Hager Erin R. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDAt the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic, schools closed across the United States. Given the impact of virtual learning and lost access to school resources, schools eventually reopened with COVID‐19 mitigation protocols in place. This qualitative study sought to understand parental perceptions of school‐based COVID‐19 mitigation strategies.METHODSUsing a phenomenology approach, nine focus groups were completed with 40 parents of children in grades K‐8 representing eight Maryland counties. Based on acceptance of masking policies (as indicated on a survey), parents were sorted into 2 groups—lower and higher masking acceptance. A thematic analysis was conducted for each group and themes were compared between the 2 groups.RESULTSThe main themes were related to parents' general sentiments regarding COVID‐19, compliance, pandemic‐related changes over time, changes in personal opinions, and in‐person learning. Both groups described challenges related to inconsistent COVID‐19 mitigation policies and practices, the challenges of rapid and frequent changes in guidelines during the pandemic, and the benefits of in‐person learning.CONCLUSIONSParents of elementary and middle school children, regardless of general acceptance of masking policies, shared concerns about implementation and guidance regarding school‐based mitigation strategies.
Baseline Sociodemographic Characteristics and Mental Health Status of Primary Caregivers and Children Attending Schools on the Navajo Nation During COVID‐19
Authors: Archuleta Shannon , Allison‐Burbank Joshuaa D. , Ingalls Allison , Begay Renae , Begaye Vanessa , Howe Lacey , Tsosie Alicia , Keryte Angelina Phoebe , Haroz Emily E. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDDespite historical and contemporary trauma, American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN; Indigenous) communities responded with resilience to the COVID‐19 pandemic. However, AIANs experienced disproportionate rates of infection, hospitalization, death, and reduced life expectancy. School closures exacerbated disparities, leading to learning loss, economic instability, and mental health challenges among AIAN youth.METHODSThe Project SafeSchools cohort study employed a comprehensive longitudinal convergent mixed‐methods approach, integrating community‐based participatory research principles. The study enrolled Navajo Nation caregivers whose children were eligible to attend local reservation‐based schools. We conducted an analysis of caregiver self‐report baseline data collected between August 2021 and May 2022.RESULTSA total of 242 caregivers completed at least part of the baseline assessment and were included in data analysis. Caregivers were primarily female (88.7%), non‐Hispanic (97%), and Indigenous (97%). Most caregivers were in their late 30s (mean age 38), with varying educational backgrounds and employment statuses. Children were evenly split between males and females and distributed across different age groups. Most children attended school at baseline in various formats, including in‐person, hybrid, and online‐only settings. Caregivers reported a range of psychosocial and behavioral risks, including general mental distress, depressive symptoms, and anxiety for themselves and their children. Furthermore, caregivers and children exhibited various protective factors, such as strong cultural identity, resilience, and academic self‐efficacy.CONCLUSIONSThis study highlights the higher rates of mental health distress among participating caregivers and children compared to national averages. Despite these challenges, cultural protective factors remained strong and should guide future crisis response efforts.
Cross‐sectional study examining the association between diet quality and the prevalence of anxiety and depression in UK undergraduate students
Authors: Myrissa Kyriaki , Court Catherine , Kelaiditi Eirini 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe prevalence of mental health issues among UK undergraduate students is growing, and poor diet quality appears to be a risk factor for poor mental health although with limited research in this area. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the cross‐sectional associations between diet quality and common mental disorders (CMD) such as depression and anxiety in UK undergraduate students. A cross‐sectional survey consisting of demographic information and validated questionnaires (the Short‐Form Food Frequency Questionnaire [SFFFQ] and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS]) was conducted to measure diet quality and anxiety and depression in young adults in 44 UK‐based universities. Multiple regression analysis adjusting for confounding factors was used to assess the associations between them. Undergraduate university students (n = 202, 67% female) with a mean age of 20.9 ± 3.6 years and a mean body mass index (n = 170) of 22.6 ± 3.2 kg/m2 took part in the study. Prevalence of anxiety was high, with 40% of the sample having an anxiety score in the severe range (≥12 points) while the prevalence of depression was lower, with 6% of the population having a depression score in the severe range (≥12 points). Diet quality was significantly higher for females than males (p = 0.034) and was poor for 38% of the sample, being more common in males compared to females, although not significantly so (43% and 36%, respectively). Diet quality was inversely associated with anxiety (β = −0.427; p = 0.029) and was more likely to be associated with anxiety in females than males (β = 0.743; p = 0.043). No significant relationship between diet quality and depression was found. Better self‐reported health, father's qualification and smoking status were also associated with less anxiety and depression. This research supports other research suggesting that UK universities should explore whether the implementation of dietary interventions and improving the food environment would be a cost‐effective option to reduce the high prevalence of anxiety among students.
Oral and cutaneous immune‐related adverse events in cancer patients: Prevalence and overall survival
Authors: de Oliveira Filho Osias Vieira , Gibbons Ivana Lameiras , Medeiros Yuri de Lima , de Oliveira Thiago Bueno , Treister Nathaniel Simon , Alves Fabio Abreu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the prevalence of cutaneous and oral immune‐related adverse events (irAEs) in cancer patients, risk factors for its development, and overall survival (OS).Materials and MethodsThis retrospective observational study which included 748 medical records of cancer patients who received immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Demographic and clinicopathological characteristics were collected and analyzed.ResultsMost patients were male (59.4%), with stage IV cancer (65%) and received pembrolizumab (46.7%). Four hundred fourteen (55.34%) patients developed cutaneous lesions, 84 (11.2%) developed oral mucosal lesions, and 70 (9.3%) developed xerostomia. The median time for irAEs development was 11 weeks for cutaneous and oral mucosal lesions, and 21.5 weeks for xerostomia. Patients who received PD‐1 + CTLA‐4 had a higher risk for developing cutaneous irAEs (p = 0.001), while those who underwent ICI and concurrent chemotherapy had a higher risk (p = 0.008) for developing oral mucosal lesions. Patients who presented oral and cutaneous irAEs had better OS than those who did not present (p = 0.0001).ConclusionCutaneous effects affected more than half of the patients, while oral effects and xerostomia were found in around 11% and 9% of patients, respectively. Concurrent chemotherapy and PD‐1 + CTLA‐4 were more associated with oral and cutaneous irAEs, respectively. Patients who developed such irAEs had better overall survival.
Somatosensory game intervention experience among prefrail older adults in the community: A qualitative study
Authors: Wang Xiao , Xu Wanying , Fu Jianying , Wang Xiuhong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundSomatosensory game interventions have been used to rehabilitate hospitalized older adults. However, their application in prefrail older adults in the community is poorly understood, hindering the development of effective intervention strategies and exercise diversification.ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore the experiences of prefrail Chinese older adults engaging in somatosensory gaming interventions and thus develop tailored intervention frameworks and support strategies.MethodsWe conducted semistructured interviews with 12 prefrail older adults who participated in a 12‐week sensory game intervention study from August to September 2022. The interviews were analyzed using Nvivo 11.0 software following Colaizzi's seven‐step analysis method.ResultsSomatosensory game intervention experiences were classified into four main themes and 11 subthemes: health intervention effects (enhanced limb muscle strength, improved reaction capacity, alleviated negative emotions), positive experiences (enhanced self‐achievement, increased exercise motivation, elevated social engagement), negative experiences (frustration from unmet score expectations, initial discomfort), and intervention requirements (sustained interventions, technical support, personalized content).ConclusionThe findings have implications for somatosensory game interventions targeting prefrail older adults in the community.
Health‐related quality of life instrument with 8 items to measure health‐related quality of life among family caregivers of people with dementia: A pilot validation study
Authors: Choi Eunjeong , Seo Hyun‐Ju , Choo IL Han , Kim Seong Min , Park Jeong Min , Choi Yu Mi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe health‐related quality of life instrument with 8 items (HINT‐8) was developed to measure health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in Korea. However, the HINT‐8 has not yet been validated among the family caregivers of people with dementia (PwD).DesignA cross‐sectional pilot study.ObjectiveThe study aimed to examine the convergent and discriminant validity of the HINT‐8 among family caregivers of individuals with dementia.SampleForty‐seven family caregivers of PwD.MeasurementsHINT‐8 was compared with the 5‐level EQ‐5D (EQ‐5D‐5L) to assess its convergent and discriminant validity. Additionally, the association between the two instruments assessing HRQoL was examined using the short‐form Bédard‐Zarit Burden Interview (SZBI).ResultsThe HINT‐8 was a promising and valid HRQoL instrument for family caregivers of PwD. There was a significantly high correlation between the overall HINT‐8 and EQ‐5D‐5L indices (r = 0.85, p < .001). The HINT‐8 had acceptable psychometric properties compared to the commonly used EQ‐5D‐5L, as indicated by the subdomains associated with family caregiversʼ burden measured by the SZBI.ConclusionFuture studies should compare the HINT‐8 with existing dementia carer‐specific QoL instruments among a larger study sample to enhance its statistical power and confirm its reliability and structural validity.
Turgor loss point explains climate‐driven growth reductions in trees in Central Europe
Authors: Kunert N. , Münchinger I. K. , Hajek P. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
As climate change thrives, and the frequency of intense droughts is affecting many forested regions, a mechanistic understanding of the factors conferring drought tolerance in trees is increasingly important. However, studies linking the observed growth reduction to mechanistic traits are still rare.
We compared the median growth anomalies of 16 native tree species, gathered across a network of study plots in Bavaria, with the mean species‐specific turgor loss point (πtlp) measured at five locations in Central Europe
πtlp explained 37% of the growth anomalies observed in response to the intense droughts between 2018 and 2020 compared to the pre‐drought period between 2006 and 2017 across sites.
πtlp constitutes an important leaf drought tolerance trait and influences the growth response of native tree species during extraordinary dry periods. As climate change‐induced droughts intensify, tree species with drought‐tolerant leaves will be less vulnerable to growth reductions. πtlp provides a useful indicator for selecting tree species to adapt forest management systems to climate change.
Illustrating Farmer–Animal Entanglements and Emotions: Drawing Elicitation in Upland Vietnam
Authors: Garber Peter , Turner Sarah 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWhile visual methods have been employed in research regarding human‐animal relationships and entanglements, the possible benefits of utilizing drawing elicitation have not been explored to date. Our study utilizes drawing elicitation with Hmong and Mien (Yao) ethnic minority farmers in the northern Vietnamese borderlands. We aim to investigate human‐animal relationships within these communities, considering their longstanding socio‐economic and spiritual entanglements with a number of domesticated animals. Simultaneously, we aim to assess the benefits and drawbacks of employing drawing elicitation in the context of more‐than‐human research in the Global South. Through the drawing exercises, participants not only conveyed important insights into human‐animal entanglements within these rural uplands, resulting in nuanced and at times highly emotive drawings, but they also provided reflections on the drawing activity itself. Despite challenges faced in encouraging drawing within a semiliterate population, our findings, guided by participant feedback, reveal numerous possibilities for employing this approach in more‐than‐human research.
Refined landslide inventory and susceptibility of Weining County, China, inferred from machine learning and Sentinel‐1 InSAR analysis
Authors: Shi Xuguo , Chen Dianqiang , Wang Jianing , Wang Pan , Wu Yunlong , Zhang Shaocheng , Zhang Yi , Yang Chen , Wang Lunche 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLandslides are widely distributed mountainous geological hazards that threaten economic development and people's daily lives. Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) with comprehensive coverage and high‐precision ground displacement monitoring abilities are frequently utilized for regional‐scale active slope detection. Moreover, InSAR measurements that characterize ground dynamics are integrated with conventional topographic, hydrological, and geological landslide conditioning factors (LCFs) for landslide susceptibility mapping (LSM). Weining County in southwest China, with complex geological conditions, steep terrain, and frequent tectonic activities, is prone to catastrophic landslide failures. In this study, we refined the landslide inventory of Weining County using one ascending and one descending Sentinel‐1 dataset acquired during 2015–2021 through a small baseline subset InSAR (SBAS InSAR) analysis. We then combine the LOS measurements from both datasets using multidimensional SBAS to obtain time series two‐dimensional (2D) displacements to characterize the kinematics of active slopes. Hot spot and cluster analysis (HCA) was carried out on 2D displacement rate maps to highlight clustered deformed areas and suppress noisy signals that occurred on single pixels. Two hundred fifty‐eight landslides (including 71 active identified in this study) are used to construct 76,412 positive samples for LSM. In our study, the HCA maps, instead of the 2D displacement maps, are integrated with conventional LCFs to form an LCF_HCA set to feed support vector machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and Light Gradient‐Boosting Machine (LightGBM) models. A conventional LCF (LCF_CON) set and an integrated 2D displacement maps (LCF_2D) set have also been adapted for comparison. The performance of the tree‐based ensemble methods distinctly outperforms the SVM model. In the meantime, models' performances using the LCF_HCA set are superior to that of the other 2 LCF sets from all evaluation metrics. The ranks of HCA maps increased compared with 2D displacement maps from feature importance analysis, which might lead to the better performance of models using the LCF_HCA set. With the continuous accumulation of SAR images, ground dynamic characteristics from InSAR can offer us opportunities to understand landslide kinematics and enhance LSM.
Impact of COVID‐19 monoclonal antibodies on outcomes of COVID‐19 infection in hematopoietic stem cell transplant and chimeric antigen receptor therapy recipients
Authors: Hahn Elizabeth H , Li Hong , Sauter Craig S , Mossad Sherif B 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundHematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) and chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy (CAR‐T) recipients are at higher risk of serious complications of COVID‐19 infection than the general population. Though there is evidence that monoclonal antibodies (MCA) against COVID‐19 reduce the risk of death and hospitalization in the general population, data regarding their efficacy in HSCT and CAR‐T recipients remains scarce.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of HSCT and CAR‐T recipients to compare 30‐day outcomes between patients who did and did not receive MCA after their first episode of COVID‐19 between May 1, 2020 and December 31, 2022. Outcomes were defined as the most severe complication experienced out of the following: 30‐day emergency department visit, hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, and death after COVID‐19 infection.ResultsWe identified 166 patients comprised of 53.6% allogeneic HSCT, 35.5% autologous HSCT, and 10.8% CAR‐T recipients; 107 had received a COVID‐19 vaccine >2 weeks prior to testing positive, and 40 were treated with MCA. After adjusting for age, presence of symptoms at the initial positive test, and COVID‐19 vaccination status, patients who did not receive MCA were five times more likely to develop complications after COVID‐19 infection (adjusted odds ratio 5.0 [95% CI, 1.9–12.8], p = .001).ConclusionHSCT and CAR‐T recipients who received MCA following COVID‐19 infection were far less likely to develop COVID‐related complications than those who did not receive MCA, regardless of vaccination status. This underscores the potential benefit of developing novel MCA with efficacy against circulating COVID‐19 strains.
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Reaching new lands: Updating the distribution of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in South America with the first record in Argentina
Authors: Hancke Diego , Guzman Noelia , Tripodi Mariel , Muschetto Emiliano , Suárez Olga Virginia 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundAngiostrongylus cantonensis, commonly known as the rat lungworm, is a metastrongyloid nematode found primarily not only in tropical and subtropical regions but also in temperate areas and considered the leading cause of eosinophilic meningitis in humans. Synanthropic rodents such as Rattus norvegicus and Rattus rattus are the most frequent definitive hosts of this parasite.Methods and ResultsThe presence of this parasite was detected in the pulmonary arteries of three specimens of R. norvegicus in the city of Buenos Aires representing the species' southernmost known record in natural hosts. Species confirmation was achieved through partial sequences of 18S and COI genes. By comparing the COI gene sequences with those available in GenBank through the construction of a haplotype network, we obtained that the analysed specimen presents high similarity with those reported in Japan and Southeast Asia.ConclusionsAll infected rats were captured in an area surrounding a port with significant import and export activity, suggesting that A. cantonensis may have been introduced through commercial ships. Specifically, the parasite was detected in a neighbourhood with vulnerable socio‐economic conditions and in a nature reserve, which exhibit biotic and abiotic characteristics conducive to sustaining high‐density rat populations, scattered waste, areas of spontaneous vegetation, debris accumulation and flooded areas or lagoons offering suitable habitats for intermediate hosts such as snails. Thus, the close proximity of the port to these sites creates a favourable ecological context for the establishment of A. cantonensis. This study shows the need to conduct research to detect A. cantonensis in non‐endemic areas but with the characteristics that promote its arrival and development of its life cycle in order to implement control measures to prevent expansion of this parasite and its transmission to humans and other animals.
Exploring Nano-Scale Scratching Induced Tribological Behavior of Graphene Engineered AlCoCrFeNi High-Entropy Alloy
Authors: Barman Subrata , Kumar Gupta Kritesh , Dey Sudip 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Motivated by the recent discoveries concerning the exceptional surface engineering capabilities offered by high-entropy alloys (HEAs), this article investigates the tribological behavior of pristine and graphene nano-engineered AlxCoCrFeNi HEA. The atomic-scale scratching is performed for different configurations of HEA in a molecular dynamics environment, wherein, at first, aluminum (Al) (x = 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5) concentration-dependent wear behavior of HEA configurations is compared. It is observed that with the increase in Al concentration, the normal and tangential forces, friction coefficients, and wear-rates were significantly reduced, due to the increased plastic deformation and phase transformation. Graphene-engineered HEA surfaces are perceived in two different ways, in the presented investigation: first, the graphene coating is applied directly over the HEA surface, and second, the graphene layers are embedded at a certain depth below the target surface. It is observed that graphene-engineered HEA surfaces exhibit exceptional performance against nano-scratching, wherein, the distribution and height of surface morphology (pile-ups) have seen significant improvement and elastic recovery, especially in the cases of graphene coating over the surface. The findings obtained from this study will be extremely helpful in bringing the bottom-up multi-scale design route for graphene-engineered HEA surfaces to reality. This will enable the development of a novel class of functionally engineered surfaces with enhanced wear and scratch resistance.
Can ultrasonography be used to differentiate parathyroid masses abutting the thyroid gland from thyroid masses extending into the parathyroid area?
Authors: Lee Chae Woon , Yoon Dae Young , Baek Sora , Lee Hyung Jin , Kim Eun Soo , Lim Kyoung Ja , Seo Young Lan , Yun Eun Joo 
Published: June 2024

Aim: To determine the ultrasonographic (US) features that could help to distinguish between parathyroid masses abutting the thyroid gland and thyroid masses extending into the parathyroid area.Materials and methods: Two blinded readers retrospectively evaluated the US images of 76 histopathologically confirmed parathyroid masses abutting the thyroid gland and 34 thyroid masses extending into the parathyroid area. Maximal diameter, transverse diameter/anterior-posterior diameter (T/AP) ratio, longitudinal diameter/AP diameter (L/AP) ratio, margin, shape, echogenicity, echotexture, and echogenic interface were evaluated and compared between the two groups.Results: Echogenic interface (p<0.001) and L/AP ratio (p<0.001) were statistically significant US features that differentiated parathyroid and thyroid masses. Other US features did not show any significant differences between the two groups. Interobserver agreement was excellent for all US features. Sensitivity/specificity of the presence of echogenic interface and L/AP ratio >2.0 were 85.5%/100% and 43.2%/82.4% in distinguishing parathyroid from thyroid masses, respectively.Conclusion: The presence of an echogenic interface and L/AP ratio >2.0 were useful US features for differentiating parathyroid masses abutting the thyroid gland from thyroid masses extending into theparathyroid area.