bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polythioethers by Thiol‐Ene Click Polyaddition of α,ω‐Alkylene Thiols
Authors: Deubel Frank , Bretzler Victor , Holzner Richard , Helbich Tobias , Nuyken Oskar , Rieger Bernhard , Jordan Rainer 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe straightforward synthesis of a series of poly(thioether)s by photoinduced thiol‐ene click polyaddition of α,ω‐alkylene thiols is reported. It is found that linear and telechelic poly(thioether)s can be directly obtained from α,ω‐alkylene thiols with, for example, alkyl chain length of m = 1,2,3, and 9. The reaction proceeds without additives such as (radical) initiators or metal compounds and can simply be carried out by UV‐irradiation of the bulk monomer or monomer solution. Ex situ kinetic studies reveal that the reaction proceeds by a typical a step‐growth polyaddition mechanism. As the homologue series of poly(thioether)s are now synthetically accessible, new direct pathways to tailored poly(alkyl sulphoxide)s and poly(alkyl sulfone)s are now possible.magnified image
Canomad: report of a case with a 40‐year history and autopsy. Is this a sensory ganglionopathy with neuromuscular junction blockade?
Authors: Mckelvie Penelope A. , Gates Peter C. , Day Timothy 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTIntroduction: An 80‐year‐old man had a 40‐year history of chronic sensory ataxic neuropathy and 11 years of relapsing/remitting episodes of rapid deterioration with perioral paresthesiae and weakness of bulbar, respiratory, and limb muscles. Methods: An immunoglobulin M (IgM) paraprotein was detected 12 years before death, and Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia was diagnosed on bone marrow biopsy 3 years before death. Chronic ataxic neuropathy with ophthalmoplegia, IgM paraprotein, cold agglutinins, and anti‐disialyl antibodies (CANOMAD) was diagnosed. Results: Comprehensive autopsy showed severe dorsal column atrophy and dorsal root ganglionopathy. A different pathology was identified in cranial and peripheral nerves, dorsal roots, and cauda equina, comprising infiltration of clonal B‐lymphocytes within the endoneurium, perineurium, and leptomeninges. Conclusions: The autopsy provides evidence of the pathogenesis of the relapsing remitting component of CANOMAD, and we postulate that this may relate to the presence of clonal IgM anti‐disiayl gangliosides secreting B‐lymphocytes within nerves. Muscle Nerve 48: 599–603, 2013
Nonlinear d10‐ML2 Transition‐Metal Complexes
Authors: Wolters Lando P. , Bickelhaupt F. Matthias 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe have investigated the molecular geometries of a series of dicoordinated d10‐transition‐metal complexes ML2 (M=Co−, Rh−, Ir−, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu+, Ag+, Au+; L=NH3, PH3, CO) using relativistic density functional theory (DFT) at ZORA‐BLYP/TZ2P. Not all complexes have the expected linear ligand–metal–ligand (LML) angle: this angle varies from 180° to 128.6° as a function of the metal as well as the ligands. Our main objective is to present a detailed explanation why ML2 complexes can become bent. To this end, we have analyzed the bonding mechanism in ML2 as a function of the LML angle using quantitative Kohn–Sham molecular orbital (MO) theory in combination with an energy decomposition analysis (EDA) scheme. The origin of bent LML structures is π backdonation. In situations of strong π backdonation, smaller angles increase the overlap of the ligand’s acceptor orbital with a higher‐energy donor orbital on the metal‐ligand fragment, and therefore favor π backdonation, resulting in additional stabilization. The angle of the complexes thus depends on the balance between this additional stabilization and increased steric repulsion that occurs as the complexes are bent.
Thin film formation of EuGa2S4 by rf sputtering and improvement of film transmittance
Authors: Dohi Minoru 
Published: May 2013

AbstractEuxCa1–xGa2S4 is one of the phosphors with high luminescence quantum efficiency. It has high optical gain due to less concentration quenching for Eu centre. Production of EuGa2S4 film with smooth surface would lead to a possible construction of surface emitting lasers. We prepared films by sputtering with EuGa2S4 target. The EuGa2S4 films deposited on the substrates heated at 550–640 °C had the surfaces smoother than that of films post‐annealed at 800–900 °C. The Eu3Ga5O12 films were deposited on the substrates heated at 660–800 °C. The Eu3Ga5O12 films, which were transparent and colourless, showed no photoluminescence and had smooth surfaces. The films were deposited on the cooled substrate for 30 min and sequentially deposited on the substrate heated at 640–700 °C for 10–30 min. The films, which consisted of two layers, EuGa2S4 and Eu3Ga5O12, show high transmittances and exhibited yellow green emission. The films have the possibility to be applied to the laser. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
XPS depth profile study of CZTS thin films prepared by spray pyrolysis
Authors: Aono Masami , Yoshitake Koichiro , Miyazaki Hisashi 
Published: May 2013

AbstractUniformity of elements distribution in Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films were analyzed using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to improve of conversion efficiency on solar cells. The films were prepared from CuCl or CuCl2, ZnCl2, SnCl2, and thiourea by spray pyrolysis on quartz glass. The composition on surfaces of the as‐grown CZTS films was Cu‐poor and near stoichiometric compositions of Zn, Sn and S. In contrast to the surface, Cu‐rich and Sn‐poor compositions were obtained in the films. An existence of oxygen was observed on the film surface less than 20 nm. With increasing of thiourea concentration in the precursor, internal Cu composition, Cu/(Sn+Zn), was increased. S/metal ratio and Sn/Zn ratio in the films were less influenced by the thiourea concentration in the precursor solution. Cupper composition in the films was also affected a valence of Cu ion in the precursor. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fabrication of Cu2ZnSnSe4 thin films from an electrodeposited Cu‐Zn‐Sn‐Se/Cu‐Sn‐Se bilayer
Authors: Septina Wilman , Ikeda Shigeru , Harada Takashi , Matsumura Michio 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn this study, a novel sequential electrodeposition of Cu‐Zn‐Sn‐Se and Cu‐Sn‐Se layers was applied for fabrication of a Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe) thin film. The desired Cu‐Zn‐Sn‐Se/Cu‐Sn‐Se bilayer was obtained at a selected applied potential from electrolytes containing corresponding metal and selenium ions. Annealing of the bilayer film under argon (Ar) flow induced significant losses of Sn and Se components due probably to evaporation of the SnSe compound. Suppression of these losses could be realized by introduction of Se vapor during the annealing: as a result, a CZTSe thin film with an ideal Cu‐poor/Zn‐rich composition for solar cell application was obtained. The solar cell with a device with the structure of glass/Mo/CZTSe/CdS/ZnO/AZO derived from thus‐obtained CZTSe film exhibited a conversion efficiency of 1.1%, while the device still possessed a significant leakage current and a high series resistance. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structure and optical properties of CdS:O thin films
Authors: Asaba Ryo , Wakita Kazuki , Kitano Atsushi , Shim YongGu , Mamedov Nazim , Bayramov Ayaz , Huseynov Emil , Hasanov Ilham 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe have studied structure and optical properties of CdS:O thin films deposited on soda lime glass substrates by rf magnetron sputtering in the atmosphere of oxygen/argon gases. According to X‐ray diffraction and confocal Raman scattering data, the films deposited under oxygen partial pressure below 3% show crystalline structure of CdS. On the other hand, X‐ray diffraction, confocal Raman scattering, TEM (transmission electron microscopy) and XPS (X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy) data are indicative of amorphization, nano‐crystallization, and inclusion of CdO2 in CdS:O thin films obtained under oxygen partial pressure of 5%. The last films have shown significantly increased transmittance in a spectral range above the energy gap of CdS. The origin of this transmittance is discussed by taking into account redistribution of electronic density‐of‐states in amorphous phase, quantum size effect and contribution of CdO2. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Growth and characterization of ZnS films by spray pyrolysis
Authors: Tokuda Takahiro , Yoshino Kenji 
Published: May 2013

AbstractZnS films are formed by spray method using various zinc sources such as zinc acetate (Zn(CH3COO)2), zinc sulfate (ZnSO4), zinc nitrate (Zn(NO3)2), zinc iodide (ZnI2), zinc chloride (ZnCl2), zinc acetyl (Zn(acac)2). ZnS film using zinc iodide is sharp spectrum and zinc sulfate is broad spectrum by X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The XRD spectra indicates that ZnS using zinc chloride and zinc iodide at 100 °C the source of zinc to zinc acetate and zinc nitrate at 200 °C, zinc acetyl at 300 °C, zinc sulfate at 400 °C can be confirmed. These results are consistent with the difference in the instability constants of each zinc source. The ionization of Zn becomes difficult with increasing the instability constant of zinc sources. Reaction is slow due to low ionized zinc in solution. Therefore, it is considered that ZnS films are hard to crystallize at low substrate temperature. The grain size becomes large with decreasing the instability constant. It is considered that this is proportional to the amount of zinc ions in solution. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Raman spectra of wurtzstannite quaternary compounds
Authors: Guc Maxim , Izquierdo‐Roca Victor , Pérez Rodríguez Alejandro , Gurieva Galina , Levcenko Serghei , Schorr Susan , Arushanov Ernest 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWurtzstannite‐type Cu2ZnGeS4, Cu2ZnSiSe4 and Cu2ZnSiS4 single crystals were grown by chemical vapor transport method using iodine as transport agent. Raman spectra of obtained crystals were investigated and 17, 11 and 18 peaks were observed for Cu2ZnGeS4, Cu2ZnSiSe4 and Cu2ZnSiS4, respectively. In all cases, the spectra from these compounds are characterized by three dominant peaks. In case of Cu2ZnSiSe4 the dominant peaks appear at 222 cm–1, 179 cm–1 and 170 cm–1. For Cu2ZnGeS4 and Cu2ZnSiS4 the most intense peak shifts from 360 cm–1 to 393 cm–1 with replacement of Ge by Si, while the other main peaks have almost the same position for both compounds (272–278 cm–1 and 291 cm–1). Identification of these dominant peaks provides with a characteristic spectral fingerprint for detection of these crystalline phases. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Serological cross‐reactivity between human polyomaviruses
Authors: Moens Ugo , Van Ghelue Marijke , Song Xiaobo , Ehlers Bernhard 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARYUntil 2006, BKPyV and JCPyV were the only known human polyomaviruses. A third polyomavirus, simian virus 40 whose natural host is the macaque was accidently introduced into man because of contaminated poliovirus vaccines, although there is epidemiological evidence that SV40 may be transmitted between man independently from contaminated vaccines. Since 2007, 10 new human polyomaviruses have been identified: KIPyV, WUPyV, Merkel cell polyomavirus, trichodysplasia spinulosa‐associated polyomavirus, and human polyomaviruses 6, 7, 9, 10, STL, and 12. Moreover, the DNA of the monkey lymphotropic polyomavirus has been amplified from human peripheral blood. Seroepidemiological studies frequently based on the presence of antibodies against the major capsid protein VP1 or virus‐like particles indicate that most human adults have been exposed to many, if not all, human polyomaviruses. However, because of the high amino acid sequence identity between VP1 of some human polyomaviruses, cross‐reactivity of antibodies is occasionally observed. In addition, human sera possess reactivity against VP1 of polyomaviruses from other species, suggesting serological cross‐reaction with known or closely related, yet unidentified human polyomaviruses and/or the possibility of zoonotic transmission. Thus, current serological results should be interpreted with caution, and controls excluding cross‐reactivity with other polyomaviruses are required. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self‐Assembled Peptide–Polyoxometalate Hybrid Nanospheres: Two in One Enhances Targeted Inhibition of Amyloid β‐Peptide Aggregation Associated with Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Li Meng , Xu Can , Wu Li , Ren Jinsong , Wang Enbo , Qu Xiaogang 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAmyloid fibril formation is a critical step in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Inhibition of Aβ aggregation has shown promising against AD and has been used in clinic trials. Here, a novel strategy is reported for the self‐assembly of polyoxometalate–peptide (POM@P) hybrid particles as bifunctional Aβ inhibitors. The two‐in‐one bifunctional POM@P nanoparticles show an enhanced inhibition effect on amyloid aggregation in mice cerebrospinal fluid. Incorporating a clinically used Aβ fibril‐staining dye, congo red (CR), into the hybrid colloidal spheres, the nanoparticles can also act as an effective fluorescent probe to monitor the inhibition process of POM@P via CR fluorescence change in real time. It is believed that such flexible organic–inorganic hybrid systems may prompt the design of new multifunctional materials for AD treatment.
Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes Mediate Macrophage Activation and Promote Pulmonary Fibrosis Through TGF‐β/Smad Signaling Pathway
Authors: Wang Peng , Nie Xin , Wang Yue , Li Yang , Ge Cuicui , Zhang Lili , Wang Liming , Bai Ru , Chen Zhiyun , Zhao Yuliang , Chen Chunying 
Published: May 2013

AbstractMultiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been widely used in many disciplines due to their unique physical and chemical properties, but have also raised great concerns about their possible negative health impacts, especially through occupational exposure. Although recent studies have demonstrated that MWCNTs induce granuloma formation and/or fibrotic responses in the lungs of rats or mice, their cellular and molecular mechanisms remain largely unaddressed. Here, it is reported that the TGF‐β/Smad signaling pathway can be activated by MWCNTs and play a critical role in MWCNT‐induced pulmonary fibrosis. Firstly, in vivo data show that spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats administered long MWCNTs (20–50 μm) but not short MWCNTs (0.5–2 μm) exhibit increased fibroblast proliferation, collagen deposition and granuloma formation in lung tissue. Secondly, the in vivo experiments also indicate that only long MWCNTs can significantly activate macrophages and increase the production of transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1, which induces the phosphorylation of Smad2 and then the expression of collagen I/III and extracellular matrix (ECM) protease inhibitors in lung tissues. Finally, the present in vitro studies further demonstrate that the TGF‐β/Smad signaling pathway is indeed necessary for the expression of collagen III in fibroblast cells. Together, these data demonstrate that MWCNTs stimulate pulmonary fibrotic responses such as fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition in a TGF‐β/Smad‐dependent manner. These observations also suggest that tube length acts as an important factor in MWCNT‐induced macrophage activation and subsequent TGF‐β1 secretion. These in vivo and in vitro studies further highlight the potential adverse health effects that may occur following MWCNT exposure and provide a better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which MWCNTs induce pulmonary fibrotic reactions.
Using Argument as a Tool for Integrating Science and Literacy
Authors: Washburn Erin , Cavagnetto Andy 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe integration of literacy in science education has been supported by both literacy and science researchers and educators. Recent federal initiatives such as the Common Core State Standards and A Framework for K‐12 Science Education have also emphasized the need to integrate literacy and science. However, few tools exist to help educators think about how to integrate best literacy practices into their science lessons. PONG Cycles is an argument‐to‐learn framework for teaching and learning science that can be used to integrate all aspects of literacy (speaking, listening, reading, writing and viewing). An explanation of PONG Cycles, along with implications and suggestions for its use in the upper elementary classroom, is provided.
Biometry of the fetal corpus callosum by three‐dimensional ultrasound
Authors: Pashaj S. , Merz E. , Wellek S. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo construct reference ranges of quantitative characteristics of the fetal corpus callosum.MethodsWomen referred to a tertiary center for sonographic examination were recruited to undergo a detailed fetal scan from 17 to 41 weeks of gestation. Three‐dimensional (3D) sonographic volumes of normal fetal brains were acquired and analyzed offline. We obtained three different measurements of the corpus callosal length, as well as the height (/thickness) of its segments, namely the rostrum, genu, body and splenium.ResultsInitially we recruited 604 pregnant women, of whom 138 were excluded because of various disorders/abnormalities, multiple pregnancy or gestational age < 18 weeks. Thus, included in the analysis were 466 sonographic volumes of normal fetal brains from singleton pregnancies, acquired by transabdominal ( n = 170) or transvaginal (n = 296) ultrasound. The corpus callosum was visualized as a hypoechoic structure. Reference ranges were established for the following parameters: curved corpus callosal length, inner–inner corpus callosal length, outer–outer corpus callosal length, rostrum height, genu height, body height and splenium height. We observed non‐linear growth and an approximately four‐fold increase in all corpus callosal lengths, a three‐fold increase in rostrum height, a four‐fold increase in genu height, a two‐fold increase in body height and a three‐fold increase in splenium height between 18 and 41 weeks. The growth patterns of rostrum and body height appeared to be similar: there was rapid development until 24 and 22 weeks of gestation, respectively, and growth slowed beyond this period. The growth patterns of genu and splenium were also similar, being characterized by progressive growth throughout gestation.ConclusionsUsing 3D ultrasound, we have constructed reference charts for measurements of the corpus callosum. Knowledge of the normal growth pattern may be useful for evaluation of abnormal development of the corpus callosum, and so help in the accurate diagnosis of pathologies such as hypogenesis and dysgenesis. Copyright © 2013 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Estimating Escherichia coli loads in streams based on various physical, chemical, and biological factors
Authors: Dwivedi Dipankar , Mohanty Binayak P. , Lesikar Bruce J. 
Published: May 2013

Key Points
A BNN scheme is presented for estimating E. coli loads in streams
E. coli load estimations by the BNN model are better than by the LOADEST model
Physical, chemical, and biological factors are important for E‐coli load
Advection around ventilated U‐shaped burrows: A model study
Authors: Brand Andreas , Lewandowski Jörg , Hamann Enrico , Nützmann Gunnar 
Published: May 2013

Key Points
Advection occurs in sediments populated by organisms living in open ended tubes.
The effects of advection compensate each other with respect to total fluxes.
Advection can define a distinct microenvironment in the sediment.
Effects of Epoxidation and Nitration on Ballistic Properties of FOX‐7 – A DFT Study
Authors: Türker Lemi , Varış Serhat 
Published: May 2013

Abstract1, 1‐Diamino‐2, 2‐dinitroethylene (FOX‐7) has received increasing attention since it was industrialized in the late 1990s. It has lower sensitivity and comparable performance to RDX. This paper presents ballistic properties of FOX‐7, its mono and dinitro derivatives and their epoxide derivatives computationally. The structures were optimized at the B3LYP/6‐31G(d, p) level and the bond lengths were calculated. The calculated data for FOX‐7 are compatible with the literature one. We have investigated the bond dissociation energies of the molecules. Mulliken electro negativities (χM) and chemical hardness (η) were reviewed using Frontier Molecular Orbitals at HF/6‐31G(d, p)//B3LYP/6‐31G(d, p) theoretical level. The detonation performance analyses were done using empirical Kamlet‐Jacobs equations. Additionally, power index values were calculated. All the compounds considered in the present article are powerful candidates for high energy materials.
Induction Chemotherapy or Chemoradiotherapy Followed by Radical Esophagectomy for T4 Esophageal Cancer: Results of a Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Shimoji Hideaki , Karimata Hiroyuki , Nagahama Masayoshi , Nishimaki Tadashi 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundWe hypothesized that the survival rate of patients undergoing R0 esophagectomy after induction chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy for unresectable T4 esophageal cancer (URT4) would be similar to that of patients undergoing esophagectomy for immediately resectable esophageal cancer with no unfavorable prognostic factors (RNU).MethodsBetween April 2002 and June 2012, 87 of 283 patients with esophageal cancer who presented at the University Hospital of the Ryukyus were enrolled in this prospective cohort study. Tumors were classified as RNU and URT4 in 44 and 43 of the 87 patients, respectively. Outcomes of treatment for URT4 patients were compared with those of RNU patients.ResultsThe R0 resection rate (61 %) and in‐hospital mortality rate (20 %) of URT4 patients were significantly poorer than those of RNU patients (98 and 2.3 %, respectively), although the morbidity rate was similar in the two groups (63 and 52 %, respectively). The 5‐year survival rate (35 %) of URT4 patients was significantly poorer than that of RNU patients (67 %) in the intention‐to‐treat analysis. However, no significant difference was noted between the two survival curves for cases of R0 resection (5‐year survival rate, 60 % vs. 69 %). Multivariate analysis revealed R status as the only significant independent prognostic factor for URT4 patients (P < 0.001; hazard ratio = 8.279).ConclusionsSatisfactory survival rates can be achieved if R0 resection is performed after induction treatment in patients with T4 esophageal cancer, although secondary radical esophagectomy is associated with a higher risk of in‐hospital mortality.
Evaluation of Office Ultrasound Usage among Australian and New Zealand Breast Surgeons
Authors: Law Michael T. , Kollias James , Bennett Ian 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundSurgeon performed ultrasound (US) is being increasingly embraced by breast surgeons worldwide as an integral part of patient assessment. The extent of its application within Australia and New Zealand is not well documented. The present study aimed to evaluate its current usage patterns and to determine suitable future training models.MethodsAn online survey was sent to members of Breast Surgeons of Australia and New Zealand (BreastSurgANZ) between July and September 2010, with emphases on practice demographics, access to US equipment, usage, biopsy patterns, and training.ResultsOf the 126 surveys sent, 59 were returned. The majority of respondents were metropolitan based (64 %), worked in both public and private sectors (71 %), and practiced endocrine or general surgery (85 %), as well as breast surgery. A preponderance of surgeons had access to equipment (63 %), performed at least 1 US monthly (63 %), but did not perform regular guided biopsies. Rural practice did not affect access or usage patterns. Most respondents underwent structured US training (73 %), which was associated with greater US and biopsy usage, biopsy complexity, intraoperative applications, and cross discipline applications (p < 0.03). Most surgeons favored a structured training program for future trainees (83 %).ConclusionsThe majority of breast surgeons from Australia and New Zealand have adopted office US to varying degrees. Geographic variation did not lead to access inequity and variation in scanning patterns. Formal US training may result in a wider scope of clinical applications by increasing operator confidence and is the preferred model within a specialist breast surgical curriculum.