bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theoretical Investigation of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation
Authors: Sévellec Florian , Huck Thierry 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA weakly damped mode of variability, corresponding to the oceanic signature of the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) was found through the linear stability analysis of a realistic ocean general circulation model. A simple two-level model was proposed to rationalize both its period and damping rate. This model is extended here to three levels to investigate how the mode can draw energy from the mean flow, as found in various ocean and coupled models. A linear stability analysis in this three-level model shows that the positive growth rate of the oscillatory mode depends on the zonally averaged isopycnal slope. This mode corresponds to a westward propagation of density anomalies in the pycnocline, typical of large-scale baroclinic Rossby waves. The most unstable mode corresponds to the largest scale one (at least for low isopycnal slope). The mode can be described in four phases composing a full oscillation cycle: 1) basin-scale warming of the North Atlantic (AMO positive phase), 2) decrease in upper-ocean poleward transport [hence a reduction of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC)], 3) basin-scale cooling (negative AMO), and 4) AMOC intensification. A criterion is developed to test, in oceanic datasets or numerical models, whether this multidecadal oscillation is an unstable oceanic internal mode of variability or if it is stable and externally forced. Consistent with the classical theory of baroclinic instability, this criterion depends on the vertical structure of the mode. If the upper pycnocline signature is in advance of the deeper pycnocline signature with respect to the westward propagation, the mode is unstable and could be described as an oceanic internal mode of variability.
Doppler-Derived Flow Pattern in the Descending Aorta Does Not Predict Systemic to Pulmonary Arterial Collateral Flow in Patients With Single Ventricle Palliation
Authors: Di Maria Michael V. , Cohen Meryl S. , Harris Matthew A. , Fogel Mark A. , Whitehead Kevin K. 
Published: April 2015

Background: Children with single ventricle heart disease are at risk for developing systemic to pulmonary arterial collateral vessels that adversely impact short-term outcomes, although the effect on long-term outcomes remains unclear. Collateral flow (CollF) can be quantified using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) flow quantification. The velocity–time integral (VTI), obtained from spectral Doppler tracings, has been used in “runoff” lesions like aortic regurgitation to quantify insufficiency. We hypothesized that the VTI ratio of the proximal descending aorta (DAo) after cavopulmonary anastomosis (CPA) would estimate CollF. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted. Patients who had a superior CPA or total CPA and underwent CMR between April 2008 and December 2012 were included. Those with greater than trivial semilunar valve insufficiency or aortic arch obstruction were excluded. In a subset (n = 88), spectral Doppler tracings of the DAo were analyzed to determine the VTI ratio. In another subset (n = 112), CMR was used to determine the ratio of retrograde to antegrade flow in the DAo. Results: There was no linear correlation between VTI ratio and CollF ( r2 = .006, P = .46). There was a weakly positive correlation with CollF ( r2 = .07, P = .007) and the CMR measured ratio of retrograde to antegrade flow. Holodiastolic flow reversal by echo did not predict higher CollF ( P = .40), but those with holodiastolic flow reversal by CMR had significantly higher CollF ( P = .04). Conclusions: The ratio of reverse to forward flow in the DAo as determined by Doppler echo does not accurately reflect CollF in children with single ventricle after CPA.
Clinical and pharmacodynamic analysis of pomalidomide dosing strategies in myeloma: impact of immune activation and cereblon targets
Authors: Sehgal Kartik , Das Rituparna , Zhang Lin , Verma Rakesh , Deng Yanhong , Kocoglu Mehmet , Vasquez Juan , Koduru Srinivas , Ren Yan , Wang Maria , Couto Suzana , Breider Mike , Hansel Donna , Seropian Stuart , Cooper Dennis , Thakurta Anjan , Yao Xiaopan , Dhodapkar Kavita M. , Dhodapkar Madhav V. 
Published: April 2015

Key Points
Pomalidomide leads to rapid immune activation in vivo correlating with clinical outcome in relapsed myeloma. Baseline expression of ikaros/aiolos protein in tumor cells is not predictive of outcome.
The influence of process parameters and pulse ratio of precursors on the characteristics of La1 − x
Al
x
O3 films deposited by atomic layer deposition
Authors: Fei Chenxi , Liu Hongxia , Wang Xing , Fan Xiaojiao 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The influence of processing parameters of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and lanthanum oxide (La2O3) gate dielectric is investigated. Trimethylaluminum (TMA) and tris(isopropylcyclopentadienyl) lanthanum [La(iPrCp)3] were used as precursors separately, and H2O was used as oxidant. The ultra-thin La1 − x
Al
x
O3 gate dielectric films are deposited on p-type silicon substrates by atom layer deposition (ALD) for different pulse ratios of precursors. Effects of different La/Al precursor pulse ratios on the physical properties and electrical characteristics of La1 − x
Al
x
O3 films are studied. The preliminary testing results indicate that the increase of La precursor pulse can improve the characteristics of film, which has significant effects on the dielectric constant, equivalent oxide thickness (EOT), electrical properties, and stability of film.
Perceived barriers to the management of foot health in patients with rheumatic conditions
Authors: Lansdowne Nina , Brenton‐Rule Angela , Carroll Matthew , Rome Keith 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundRheumatic conditions can have a significant impact on the feet and requires effective management. Podiatric involvement in the management of rheumatic conditions has previously been found to be inadequate in a hospital‐setting and no study has examined current trends across New Zealand. The aim was to evaluate the perceived barriers of New Zealand podiatrists in the management of rheumatic conditions.MethodsA cross‐sectional observational design using a web‐based survey. The self‐administered survey, comprising of thirteen questions, was made available to podiatrists currently practicing in New Zealand.ResultsFifty‐six podiatrists responded and the results demonstrated poor integration of podiatrists into multidisciplinary teams caring for patients with arthritic conditions in New Zealand. Dedicated clinical sessions were seldom offered (16%) and few podiatrists reported being part of an established multidisciplinary team (16%). A poor uptake of clinical guidelines was reported (27%) with limited use of patient reported outcome measures (39%). The majority of podiatrists expressed an interest in professional development for the podiatric management of arthritic conditions (95%). All surveyed podiatrists (100%) agreed that there should be nationally developed clinical guidelines for foot care relating to arthritis.ConclusionsThe results suggest that there are barriers in the involvement of podiatrists in the management of people with rheumatic conditions in New Zealand. Future studies may provide an in‐depth exploration into these findings to identify and provide solutions to overcome potential barriers.
Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis in fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Zong Ming , Lu Tianbao , Fan Shasha , Zhang Hui , Gong Ruhan , Sun Lishan , Fu Zhiyan , Fan Lieying 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) play an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study aimed to investigate the role of glucose 6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) in the proliferation of RA-FLS.

Methods
The distribution of GPI in synovial tissues from RA and osteoarthritis (OA) patients was examined by immunohistochemical analysis. FLS were isolated and cultured, cellular GPI level was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot analysis, and secreted GPI was detected by Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Doxorubicin (Adriamycin, ADR) was used to induce apoptosis. Cell proliferation was determined by MTS assay. Flow cytometry was used to detect cell cycle and apoptosis. Secreted pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured by ELISA.

Results
GPI was abundant in RA-FLS and was an autocrine factor of FLS. The proliferation of both RA and OA FLS was increased after GPI overexpression, but was decreased after GPI knockdown. Meanwhile, exogenous GPI stimulated, while GPI antibody inhibited, FLS proliferation. GPI positively regulated its receptor glycoprotein 78 and promoted G1/S phase transition via extracellular regulated protein kinases activation and Cyclin D1 upregulation. GPI inhibited ADR-induced apoptosis accompanied by decreased Fas and increased Survivin in RA FLS. Furthermore, GPI increased the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β by FLS.

Conclusions
GPI plays a pathophysiologic role in RA by stimulating the proliferation, inhibiting the apoptosis, and increasing pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion of FLS.
Lipopolysaccharide preconditioning of adipose-derived stem cells improves liver-regenerating activity of the secretome
Authors: Lee Sang Chul , Jeong Hye Jin , Lee Sang Kuon , Kim Say-June 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Growing recognition of paracrine mechanisms in stem cell plasticity has resulted in considerable interest in stem cell-derived secretome. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preconditioning on the composition and hepatic regenerative activity of adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) secretome.

Methods
Conditioned medium (CM) and LPS-CM were obtained after culturing human ASCs without or with low-dose LPS (0.5 ng/mL) for 24 hours. Untreated and thioacetamide-treated mouse AML12 hepatocytes were incubated for 24 hours with the control medium, LPS (0.5 ng/mL), CM, and LPS-CM and then cell viabilities were compared. CM and LPS-CM were also intravenously administered to partially hepatectomized mice, and their effects on liver regeneration were assessed by using liver weight measurements, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting.

Results
In the in vitro experiments, LPS preconditioning of ASCs enhanced the mRNA expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), hepatocyte growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor, which evoke inflammatory response or liver regeneration. LPS-CM significantly promoted thioacetamide-damaged AML12 cell viability compared with CM-incubated cells and the control cells (77%, 69%, and 65% P <0.05). In the in vivo experiment, LPS-CM infusion into the partially hepatectomized mice significantly reduced serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels compared with the other groups (P <0.05) on days 1 and 2 after partial hepatectomy. Moreover, LPS-CM infusion enhanced liver regeneration (based on the liver weight changes at day 7 after partial hepatectomy, 3.73% versus 3.22% in the CM group; P <0.05) and significantly reduced the elevated serum levels of aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase (at day 1, P <0.05).

Conclusions
Our results suggest that LPS preconditioning effectively stimulates ASCs to produce the secretome beneficial to hepatic regeneration. Thus, optimizing ASC secretome profile by LPS preconditioning could be a promising approach to treat liver diseases by using stem cells.
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition: a double‐edged sword
Authors: Barriere Guislaine , Fici Pietro , Gallerani Giulia , Fabbri Francesco , Rigaud Michel 
Published: April 2015

AbstractEpithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a physiological process necessary to normal embryologic development. However in genesis of pathological situations, this transition can be perverted and signaling pathways have different regulations from those of normal physiology. In cancer invasion, such a mechanism leads to generation of circulating tumor cells. Epithelial cancer cells become motile mesenchymal cells able to shed from the primary tumor and enter in the blood circulation. This is the major part of the invasive way of cancer. EMT is also implicated in chronic diseases like fibrosis and particularly renal fibrosis. In adult organisms, healing is based on EMT which is beneficial to repair wounds even if it can sometimes exceed its goal and elicit fibrosis. In this review, we delineate the clinical significance of EMT in both physiological and pathological circumstances.
Importance and Impact of Preanalytical Variables on Alzheimer Disease Biomarker Concentrations in Cerebrospinal Fluid
Authors: Le Bastard Nathalie , De Deyn Peter Paul , Engelborghs Sebastiaan 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Analyses of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers (β-amyloid protein, total tau protein, and hyperphosphorylated tau protein) are part of the diagnostic criteria of Alzheimer disease. Different preanalytical sample procedures contribute to variability of CSF biomarker concentrations, hampering between-laboratory comparisons. The aim of this study was to explore the influence of fractionated sampling, centrifugation, freezing temperature, freezing delay, and freeze–thaw cycles on CSF biomarker analyses.

METHODS
We studied fractionated sampling in sequential aliquots of lumbar CSF. Centrifuged and noncentrifuged samples from the same fraction were compared. CSF samples were subjected to different protocols (liquid nitrogen, −80 °C, and −20 °C; 24 h at 2–8 °C; and 24 and 48 h at room temperature). To study the influence of freeze–thaw cycles, samples were thawed up to 4 times and refrozen at −80 °C. CSF was collected in polypropylene tubes. We measured CSF biomarker concentrations with commercially available single-analyte Innotest assays.

RESULTS
CSF biomarker concentrations from non–blood-contaminated samples are not influenced by centrifugation or fractionated sampling. Freezing temperature and delayed storage can affect biomarker concentrations; freezing of CSF samples at −80 °C as soon as possible after collection is recommended. Consecutive freezing and thawing of CSF samples up to 3 times had little effect.

CONCLUSIONS
Temperature of freezing, delay until freezing, and freeze–thaw cycles significantly influence CSF biomarker concentrations, stressing the need for standard operating procedures for preanalytical sample handling. The differences observed in this study are, however, relatively small, and the impact on the clinical value of these CSF biomarkers needs to be determined.
THAMOS, M. As armas e o varão: leitura e tradução do canto I da Eneida. São Paulo: EDUSP, 2011.
Authors: Vieira Brunno V. G. 
Published: April 2015

Resenha de THAMOS, M. As armas e o varão: leitura e tradução do canto I da Eneida. São Paulo: EDUSP, 2011.
Coexistencia de instituciones de órdenes normativos contrapuestos en la Epístola a Filemón
Authors: Miranda Lidia Raquel , Lell Helga María 
Published: April 2015

En la Epístola a Filemón Pablo se detiene en el cambio de estatus de Onésimo dentro de la comunidad cristiana y de la casa de Filemón: ya no es un simple esclavo sino un miembro de la comunidad en el mismo nivel que Filemón y los demás cristianos. Onésimo es, para el derecho positivo, un esclavo, y para la comunidad cristiana, un hijo más a partir de su bautismo. La rogatoria a favor de Onésimo se asienta en la hermandad de los que siguen el evangelio: Pablo no propone la abolición de la esclavitud pero le pide a Filemón que trate a su esclavo como a su propio hermano. Este trabajo examina la contraposición que surge entre el derecho divino y el derecho positivo en la Epístola a Filemón a partir de la conducta suplicada al receptor de la misiva y de la figura del esclavo redimido en Cristo.
The role of sphingolipids in endothelial barrier function
Authors: Jernigan Peter L. , Makley Amy T. , Hoehn Richard S. , Edwards Michael J. , Pritts Timothy A. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Sphingolipids are a ubiquitous family of essential lipids with an increasingly understood role as biologically active mediators in numerous physiologic and pathologic processes. Two particular sphingolipid species, sphingosine-1-phosphate and ceramide, and their metabolites interact both directly and indirectly with endothelial cells to regulate vascular permeability. Sphingosine-1-phosphate generally augments endothelial integrity while ceramide tends to promote vascular leak, and a tight balance between the two is necessary to maintain normal physiologic function. The mechanisms by which sphingolipids regulate endothelial barrier function are complex and occur through multiple different pathways, and disruptions or imbalances in these pathways have been implicated in a number of specific disease processes. With improved understanding of sphingolipid biology, endothelial function, and the interactions between the two, several targets for therapeutic intervention have emerged and there is immense potential for further advancement in this field.
The volume-regulated anion channel is formed by LRRC8 heteromers – molecular identification and roles in membrane transport and physiology
Authors: Stauber Tobias 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Cellular volume regulation is fundamental for numerous physiological processes. The volume-regulated anion channel, VRAC, plays a crucial role in regulatory volume decrease. This channel, which is ubiquitously expressed in vertebrates, has been vastly characterized by electrophysiological means. It opens upon cell swelling and conducts chloride and arguably organic osmolytes. VRAC has been proposed to be critically involved in various cellular and organismal functions, including cell proliferation and migration, apoptosis, transepithelial transport, swelling-induced exocytosis and intercellular communication. It may also play a role in pathological states like cancer and ischemia. Despite many efforts, the molecular identity of VRAC had remained elusive for decades, until the recent discovery of heteromers of LRRC8A with other LRRC8 family members as an essential VRAC component. This identification marks a starting point for studies on the structure-function relation, for molecular biological investigations of its cell biology and for re-evaluating the physiological roles of VRAC. This review recapitulates the identification of LRRC8 heteromers as VRAC components, depicts the similarities between LRRC8 proteins and pannexins, and discussed whether VRAC conducts larger osmolytes. Furthermore, proposed physiological functions of VRAC and the present knowledge about the physiological significance of LRRC8 proteins are summarized and collated.
In-vitro anthelmintic activity of three Bangladeshi plants against Paramphistomum cervi and Haemonchus contortus
Authors: Islam Md. Khirul , Siraj Md. Afjalus , Sarker Asit Baron , Saha Sanjib , Mahmud Imran , Rahman Md. Mustafizur 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Background: Conventional plant-based therapies act as an important therapeutic tool for the treatment of worm infections all over the world and continuous evaluation of medicinal plants to find new potential lead compounds should be carried out.

Methods: In-vitro analysis was conducted to evaluate the probable anthelmintic effect of crude aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of Ananas sativus leaves, Erythrina variegata barks and Alocasia indica rootstocks, against adult Paramphistomum cervi (Trematoda) and Haemonchus contortus (Nematode).

Results: Among all three concentrations (25, 50, and 100 mg/mL), the hydroalcoholic leaf extract of A. sativus exhibited paralysis and death time ranged between 7.26 to 26.76 min and 15.40 to 35.55 min respectively for P. cervi while that for H. contortus was 14.70 to 42.43 min and 23.43 to 56.34 min, respectively. Moreover, aqueous extract exhibited paralysis and death time ranged between 7.66 to 28.72 min and 18.30 to 33.00 min, respectively, for P. cervi whereas paralysis and death time ranged between 23.34 to 37.88 min and 31.08 to 58.30 min respectively for H. contortus. Both extracts of E. variegata bark and A. indica tuber showed comparatively less significant anthelmintic activity. All results were statistically significant (p<0.001).

Conclusions: A. sativus leaf displayed favorable anthelmintic activity on both P. cervi and H. contortus, whereas E. variegata barks and A. indica rootstocks showed insignificant result.
Drones: Public Interest, Public Choice, and the Expansion of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Authors: Hall Abigail R. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractUnmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) or “drones” have become a core component of the US military arsenal following September 11, 2001. In much of the literature and public discourse regarding drones, it is assumed that drone policy is created within the broader “public interest.” That is, those who construct drone policy set aside private incentives and other motives to construct policy solely to achieve the goals of US citizens and maximize some larger social welfare function. This paper identifies the conjectures associated with this public interest ideal and examines their accuracy. I find a general disconnect between the evidence and the public interest assumption. In several cases, the evidence directly contradicts the assumption of public interest. In light of these findings I offer an alternative analytical framework, the “public choice” framework to adjudicate between observed realities and stated goals.
The expression of evidentiality and epistemicity: Cases of grammaticalization in Italian and Sicilian
Authors: Cruschina Silvio 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe main aim of this article is to provide a detailed analysis of particular structures found in Italian, especially as spoken in central and southern Italy, and in Sicilian. These structures are very similar in the two languages, in that they involve the grammaticalization of the same verb of saying or epistemic adjective followed by the complementizer (cf. Italian
Spatio-temporal model for multiple ChIP-seq experiments
Authors: Ranciati Saverio , Viroli Cinzia , Wit Ernst 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe increasing availability of ChIP-seq data demands for advanced statistical tools to analyze the results of such experiments. The inherent features of high-throughput sequencing output call for a modelling framework that can account for the spatial dependency between neighboring regions of the genome and the temporal dimension that arises from observing the protein binding process at progressing time points; also, multiple biological/technical replicates of the experiment are usually produced and methods to jointly account for them are needed. Furthermore, the antibodies used in the experiment lead to potentially different immunoprecipitation efficiencies, which can affect the capability of distinguishing between the true signal in the data and the background noise. The statistical procedure proposed consist of a discrete mixture model with an underlying latent Markov random field: the novelty of the model is to allow both spatial and temporal dependency to play a role in determining the latent state of genomic regions involved in the protein binding process, while combining all the information of the replicates available instead of treating them separately. It is also possible to take into account the different antibodies used, in order to obtain better insights of the process and exploit all the biological information available.