bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
18F-labelled gentiobiose as potential PET-radiotracer for specific bacterial imaging: precursor synthesis, radiolabelling and in vitro evaluation
Authors: Landau Felicitas , Hermann Sven , Schelhaas Sonja , Schäfers Michael , Niemann Silke , Faust Andreas 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Aim Bacterial infections are a clinical challenge, requiring fast and specific diagnosis to ensure effective treatment. Therefore, this project is dedicated to development of positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracers specifically targeting bacteria. Unlike previously developed bacteria-specific radiotracers, which are successful in detecting Gram-negative bacteria, tracers capable of imaging Gram-positive infections are still lacking.
Methods The disaccharide gentiobiose as abundant part of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria could fill this gap. Herein, the synthesis and evaluation of 2‘-deoxy-2‘-[18F]fluorogentiobiose ([18F]FLA280) is reported. The precursor for radiolabelling was obtained from a convergent synthesis under application of a benzylidene/benzyl group protecting strategy.
Results The first catalytic hydrogenation in 18F-radiochemistry is reported as proof of concept. The deprotection was carried out without any side product formation, giving the final radiotracer [18F]FLA280 in good radiochemical yield and excellent radiochemical purity. [18F]FLA280 was proven to be stable in murine and human blood serum for 120 minutes and was subjected to in vitro bacterial uptake studies towards S. aureus and E. coli resulting in a low bacterial uptake.
Conclusion The observed bacterial uptake indicates that [18F]FLA280 may be not a promising tracer candidate for in vivo translation and alternative candidates particularly for Gram-positive bacteria are required. However, further development on the concept of labelled carbohydrates and cell wall building blocks might be promising.
Microsurgical Lateral Orbital Approaches to Resect Tumors within the Cavernous Sinus, Middle Fossa, and Temporal Lobe: A Systematic Review
Authors: Monsour Molly , Rizk Mehdi , Kazelka Mehdi , Peto Ivo , Tai Alexander , Agazzi Siviero , Croci Davide M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Introduction Common approaches to remove skull base tumors invading the orbital apex, cavernous sinus, middle fossa, or temporal lobe include orbitozygomatic or fronto-orbital craniotomies. Recently, different types of orbital approaches have been described as alternative minimally invasive techniques.
Objective With this systematic review, we analyzed the typology of intracranial tumors treated through transorbital approaches, especially through the lateral orbital (LO) wall, and analyzing the complication rates and outcomes.
Design A PubMed/Medline search was performed using the criteria: “orbitotomy,” “transorbital,” “transpalpebral,” and “lateral orbitotomy” in combination with “cavernous sinus,” “middle fossa,” and “temporal lobe.”
Main Outcome Measures From these reports, we collected diagnoses, lesion sizes and locations, approaches, outcomes, aesthetic outcomes, postoperative ptosis, postoperative cranial nerve (CN) palsies, length of CN deficits postoperatively, overall complications, and follow-up length.
Results A total of 13 papers and 3 of our own cases matched our inclusion criteria totaling 160 patients. Most patients were treated for meningiomas (135, 84.4%). The approaches included the LO approach (n = 54; 33.8%), deep transorbital (n = 5; 3.1%), mini-LO (n = 91; 56.9%), and modified LO (n = 10; 6.2%). While not all cases reported excision success, the various LO approaches achieved total (n = 42; 26.25%) resection margins. Postoperative ocular complications (including CN palsies, proptosis, or ocular disturbances) totaled 46 (28.8%) new CN palsies, 23 (14.4%) occurrences of vision loss, 1 (1.7%) with worsened proptosis, 5 (3.9%) with worsened enophthalmos, and 42 (26.3%) other complications.
Conclusion Microsurgical LO approaches, especially in the era of radiosurgery, may become a suitable alternative to other more established craniotomies.
The End of Engagement
Authors: McCourt David M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
After the Cold War, America’s leaders hoped Russia and China could be integrated into the rules-based international order and might even become more like the West. By the late 2010s, optimism was dead—Vladimir Putin and Xi Jinping showing little interest in playing by the West’s rules. The End of Engagement takes the reader into the world of America’s China and Russia experts as they have struggled to make sense of changes in Beijing and Moscow. It traces how China-skeptical views emerged as a powerful and legitimate alternative prior to 2016. The election of Donald Trump brought into government anti-Engagement advisors who set about designing and implementing a new approach: Strategic Competition. Rather than return to Engagement, Trump’s successor, Joseph Biden, doubled down on Strategic Competition, because the center of gravity in China field had shifted in the interim away from Engagement. The book develops this argument via a comparison with America’s Russia community, which has not experienced the sort of paradigmatic turnover of the China watchers. The Russia community is smaller and less polarized than its counterpart focused on China—the inverse of conditions prior to 1989—limiting the urgency to reframe America’s understandings of Moscow, as effected by the anti-Engagers. The result was policy stasis, with a ratcheting sanctions regime overtaken by the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. The absence of struggle among America’s Russia watchers to reframe Russia highlights its centrality to the end of Engagement with the People’s Republic of China.
What Was Engagement?
Authors: McCourt David 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter takes up the question of what engagement was, and whether it is truly over, separating its distinct aspects as policy—the concrete processes of engaging China and Russia, community—the groups promoting or seeking to promote such policies—and frame, which applies specifically to China, an important point of distinction to the Russia case. Disaggregating E/engagement in this way is essential for identifying what, precisely, has changed. This chapter shows how large-E Engagement is a feature specifically of the U.S. China debate—a largely post hoc rationalization for a host of positions and initiatives taken toward China since the opening in the early 1970s, which connects the discussion here to the book’s sociological perspective on the intertwined policy professional and personal struggles over U.S. since the Cold War.
Enacting machine agency when AI makes one’s day: understanding how users relate to AI communication technologies for scheduling
Authors: Endacott Camille G 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
AI Communication Technologies (AICTs) make decisions about users’ communication on their behalf. Users’ implementation of AICTs that autonomously act may enable and constrain how they accomplish their work and interact with others. Drawing on interviews with users of two AICTs with differing levels of autonomy designed for work-related scheduling, this study investigated how users enacted AICTs in practice. Users of both tools drew on AICTs’ autonomous capabilities to enact machine agency, a structure that assigns AICTs the power to allocate resources, which helped them increase scheduling efficiency and guide how others interacted with them. Users of the tool that autonomously implemented decisions described a process of enactment in which they used the tool to control their work, perceived the tool was exhibiting too much control, and acted to regain control. I present implications for understanding how people enact machine agency with AICTs that make decisions about their work.
The Academic Catalyst Group: A Tactical Framework for Working Groups to Enhance Clinician-Educator Academic Career Development
Authors: Martin Shannon K. , Allen-Dicker Joshua , Ricotta Daniel N. , Kwan Brian K. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Working groups have tremendous potential to contribute to the academic career development of early-career clinician-educators. These individuals may find themselves engaged in many different working spaces, including working groups or committees such as those found within specialty societies or professional organizations. Such working groups may be underrecognized opportunities for academic skill building and professional growth because they are often characterized as primarily service-oriented, citizenship, or administrative work. Working groups can use their natural cross-institutional collaborations for mentorship and externalization—2 key building blocks for academic success that frequently represent challenges for early-career clinician-educators. In this article, the authors review common challenges that early-career clinician-educators may encounter during their academic development and propose a 3-step tactical framework, the academic catalyst group, that working group leaders can apply to groups to purposefully enhance professional development for clinician-educators. The framework urges working group leaders and members to conceptualize and develop academic catalyst groups as communities of practice by (1) assembling with intention, (2) mining the mission, and (3) finding an easy win. This framework can inspire working group leaders to align their work with academic career development and ultimately foster career growth for all group members.
Outcomes of lung transplantation in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Avdimiretz Nicholas , Halloran Kieran , Benden Christian 
Published: July 2024

Purpose of review
Lung transplantation (LTX) has transformed care for people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) suffering from advanced cystic fibrosis lung disease (ACFLD), and it has evolved into an accepted therapy for patients with ACFLD across all ages. We review cystic fibrosis as a major indication for LTX, particularly highlighting outcomes including survival, a changing landscape over time, and factors affecting sequelae following LTX in cystic fibrosis.

Recent findings
Although some populations such as those undergoing lung retransplantation exhibit inferior posttransplant outcomes, LTX for pwCF provides an excellent long-term survival that has significantly improved over time, likely due to specialized cystic fibrosis center care and recognition of common comorbidities in pwCF post-LTX. There are gaps in post-LTX outcomes for pwCF, including that identified between Canada and the United States, and that seen in adolescents – both of which are likely multifactorial. In particular, the revolution in cystic fibrosis medical therapy with CFTR modulator therapy has resulted in a dramatic decline in programs performing LTX for cystic fibrosis. How durable this effect will remains to be seen.

Summary
Overall, LTX remains a well accepted ultimate therapy option in patients with ACFLD if compatible with the individual's goals of care, offering an improved quality of life and maximization of overall survival.
Harnessing CRISPR interference to re-sensitize laboratory strains and clinical isolates to last resort antibiotics
Authors: Chiacchiera Angelica Frusteri , Casanova Michela , Bellato Massimo , Piazza Aurora , Migliavacca Roberta , Batt Gregory , Magni Paolo , Pasotti Lorenzo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe global race against antimicrobial resistance requires novel antimicrobials that are not only effective in killing specific bacteria, but also minimize the emergence of new resistances. Recently, CRISPR/Cas-based antimicrobials were proposed to address killing specificity with encouraging results. However, the emergence of target sequence mutations triggered by Cas-cleavage was identified as an escape strategy, posing the risk of generating new antibiotic-resistance gene (ARG) variants. Here, we evaluated an antibiotic re-sensitization strategy based on CRISPR interference (CRISPRi), which inhibits gene expression without damaging target DNA. The resistance to four antibiotics, including last resort drugs, was significantly reduced by individual and multi-gene targeting of ARGs in low- to high-copy numbers in recombinantE. coli. Escaper analysis confirmed the absence of mutations in target sequence, corroborating the harmless role of CRISPRi in the selection of new resistances.E. coliclinical isolates carrying ARGs of severe clinical concern were then used to test the robustness of CRISPRi under different growth conditions. Meropenem, colistin and cefotaxime susceptibility was successfully increased in terms of MIC (up to >4-fold) and growth delay (up to 11-hours) in a medium-dependent fashion. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of CRISPRi-mediated re-sensitization to last-resort drugs in clinical isolates. This study laid the foundations for further leveraging CRISPRi as antimicrobial agent or research tool to selectively repress ARGs and investigate resistance mechanisms.
Video Foundation Models for Animal Behavior Analysis
Authors: Sun Jennifer J. , Zhou Hao , Zhao Long , Yuan Liangzhe , Seybold Bryan , Hendon David , Schroff Florian , Ross David A. , Adam Hartwig , Hu Bo , Liu Ting 
Published: July 2024

AbstractComputational approaches leveraging computer vision and machine learning have transformed the quantification of animal behavior from video. However, existing methods often rely on task-specific features or models, which struggle to generalize across diverse datasets and tasks. Recent advances in machine learning, particularly the emergence of vision foundation models, i.e., large-scale models pre-trained on massive, diverse visual repositories, offers a way to tackle these challenges. Here, we investigate the potential offrozenvideo foundation models across a range of behavior analysis tasks, including classification, retrieval, and localization. We use a single, frozen model to extract general-purpose representations from video data, and perform extensive evaluations on diverse open-sourced animal behavior datasets. Our results demonstrate that features with minimal adaptation from foundation models achieve competitive performance compared to existing methods specifically designed for each dataset, across species, behaviors, and experimental contexts. This highlights the potential of frozen video foundation models as a powerful and accessible backbone for automated behavior analysis, with the ability to accelerate research across diverse fields from neuroscience, to ethology, and to ecology.
Genomic and transcriptomic profiles influence on brain morphology and their interactions with pain sensitivity individual differences
Authors: Pan Yiwen , Zhang Zhiguo , Hao Xiaoke , Huang Gan , Liang Zhen , Zhang Li 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPain sensitivity varies widely among individuals and is influenced by a complex interplay of multi-omics factors, including genetic variations, gene expression, and brain morphology. While previous studies have identified associations between pain sensitivity and brain morphology, the exact mechanisms by which genetic profiles interact with brain structure to influence individual pain sensitivity remain unclear. In this study, we used aggregated datasets, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes from 432 healthy participants, along with gene expression data from the Allen Human Brain Atlas (AHBA), to explore this multi-omics interplay. We first measured individual pain thresholds using laser stimuli and discovered structural brain differences between high and low pain sensitivity groups. We then identified two key gene sets with polarized expression patterns linked to brain morphology variations, enriched in functions related to ion channels and transmembrane transporter activities. Further statistical and mediation analyses revealed specific SNPs fromECM1,SLC24A2, andSCN9Agenes that influence pain sensitivity, mediated through brain morphological changes in multiple basal ganglia regions. Our findings suggested that these SNPs not only affect brain structure but also modulate how individuals pain perception. Finally, we proposed an interpretation model integrating genomic, transcriptomic, and neuroimaging data, providing a detailed framework that illustrates the multi-omics contributions to individual difference in pain sensitivity. This study advances our understanding of how genetic and brain structural factors combine to shape pain perception, offering potential targets for personalized pain management strategies.
SMEs internationalization! Market intelligence and entrepreneurial orientation influence on international performance: a moderation model
Authors: Rehman Shafique Ur 
Published: July 2024

PurposeDrawing on resource-orchestration theory (ROT), this study investigates the influence of market intelligence and entrepreneurial orientation (EO) on international performance of born global (BG) small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in emerging markets with the mediating role of global technological competence. Quality focus is used as a moderator between global technological competence and international performance.Design/methodology/approachData were gathered through a survey, and PLS-SEM was employed for hypotheses testing with a sample of 256 BG SMEs.FindingsThe results showed that market intelligence, EO, global technological competence and quality focus positively relate to international performance. Moreover, market intelligence and EO are positively associated with global technological competence. Besides, global technological competence significantly mediates the relationship between market intelligence, EO and international performance. Finally, quality focus strengthens the positive relationship between global technological competence and international performance.Practical implicationsOur research demonstrates that if management utilizes or invests on market intelligence, EO, global technological competence and quality focus, then the BG SMEs will increase their international performance.Originality/valueThe paper contribution lies in its focus on exogenous constructs (i.e. market intelligence, EO, global technological competence and quality focus) to determine the international performance of born global SMEs in emerging markets.
Desiri Naturals: sustainable agriculture and eco-friendly business
Authors: Saldanha Avil , Veigas Olvin , Aranha Rekha 
Published: July 2024

Learning outcomes
After completion of the case study, the students will be able to critically analyze the business model of Desiri Naturals, analyze the pricing strategy of Desiri Naturals, examine the importance of experiential marketing in the success of an environment-friendly business, identify the challenges faced by new entrepreneurs and evaluate the sustainability practices of Desiri Naturals.

Case overview/synopsis
This case study discusses the business model of an environmentally friendly business. The challenges and obstacles faced by entrepreneurs are illustrated in this case. The entrepreneurs’ vision to provide chemical-free food is highlighted and their business operations as a means to fulfill this vision are explained. Desiri used an age-old bull-driven method of oil extraction (Ghana). Challenges in pricing due to the availability of low-priced mass-produced edible oil using the solvent extraction process are presented in this case. The entrepreneurs faced the pricing dilemma at the inception of the business, as oil produced using the natural cold pressing method cost three times the selling pricing of solvent-extracted oil. Innovative methods of experiential marketing such as Ghana tourism are explained in this case. This case study also explains the sustainable and natural farming techniques propagated through its network of farmers. This case study provides insights into the scalability of this model and the scope for employment generation in rural India. The environmentally friendly practices followed by Desiri, such as the use of glass bottles and reusable steel containers for packaging oil are emphasized. Finally, this case presents the marketing and operational challenges faced by entrepreneurs in their quest to expand their operations.

Complexity academic level
This case study can be used by postgraduate and undergraduate students studying marketing, entrepreneurship, sustainability and operations management courses in commerce and business management streams.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS8: Marketing.
Project risk management in practice: the actuality of project risk management in organizations
Authors: Willumsen Pelle Lundquist , Oehmen Josef , Selim Hani Mike Rae 
Published: July 2024

PurposeThis paper explores how risks are managed in project practice beyond formalized risk management processes by applying the lens of actuality research to project risk management.Design/methodology/approachThe paper follows a qualitative multimethod research approach utilizing literature review, interviews, observations and document analysis. The paper is based on three case studies and one interview study in project organizations facing green transition challenges.FindingsLittle work exists to reveal how risk management is actually done by project practitioners, and why. Few studies report on contextual variation and consider confounding factors beyond a “one size fits all” formalized explicit risk management process, despite ample evidence that risks are managed outside the formal process. The study documents that informal and/or implicit risk management activities add significantly more value.Originality/valueThe paper contributes a literature review of research into the actuality of project risk management, a sense-making framework of how risks are managed in practice beyond the formal, explicit risk-management process by including informal and/or implicit risk management activities, an empirical study of risk-management practice highlighting that informal and/or implicit risk-management activities dominate in practice, a discussion of why risks are managed outside formalized, explicit process and a research agenda to enable the design of impactful project risk-management practices.
The importance of positive employee experience and its development through using predictive analytics
Authors: Vereb Donát , Krajcsák Zoltán , Kozák Anita 
Published: July 2024

Purpose
The study aims to explore the organizational benefits of positive employee experience and to provide a framework for measuring it. The positive employee experience has a profound impact on employees’ attitudes; thus, it is particularly important to what extent an organization can create the conditions supporting this.

Design/methodology/approach
The study is based on literature review and the framework needs to be empirically tested to draw final conclusions.

Findings
Organizational performance and success are influenced by employees’ well-being, commitment, job satisfaction and the high level of individual performance. However, this grouping of variables is not exhaustive, but in practice, it is often not necessary to fully understand the complex and complicated relationships among the organizational variables. However, a positive employee experience has an impact on all of these variables. According to our understanding and experience, the task of management is not to strengthen the variables describing employee attitudes individually, based on the knowledge of specific relations presented in the management literature and selected for the sake of a single research, but to create an acceptable level of the positive employee experience, which is able to strengthen these variables in a way that is useful for the organization.

Originality/value
In this study, the authors introduce the concept of the positive employee experience and the ways and steps to measure it. The authors review the methodology of predictive analytics, the main principles of data collection and the types of data with their possible applications. Finally, the limitations of the framework and the risks of enhancing the positive employee experience are also discussed.