bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human Papillomavirus 18 Genetic Variation and Cervical Cancer Risk Worldwide
Authors: Chen Alyce A. , Gheit Tarik , Franceschi Silvia , Tommasino Massimo , Clifford Gary M. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT
Human papillomavirus 18 (HPV18) is the second most carcinogenic HPV type, after HPV16, and it accounts for approximately 12% of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) as well as 37% of adenocarcinoma (ADC) of the cervix worldwide. We aimed to evaluate the worldwide diversity and carcinogenicity of HPV18 genetic variants by sequencing the entire long control region (LCR) and the E6 open reading frame of 711 HPV18-positive cervical samples from 39 countries, taking advantage of the International Agency for Research on Cancer biobank. A total of 209 unique HPV18 sequence variants were identified that formed three phylogenetic lineages (A, B, and C). A and B lineages each divided into four sublineages, including a newly identified candidate B4 sublineage. The distribution of lineages varied by geographical region, with B and C lineages found principally in Africa. HPV18 (sub)lineages were compared between 453 cancer cases and 236 controls, as well as between 81 ADC and 160 matched SCC cases. In region-stratified analyses, there were no significant differences in the distribution of HPV18 variant lineages between cervical cancer cases and controls or between ADC and SCC. In conclusion, our findings do not support the role of HPV18 (sub)lineages for discriminating cancer risk or explaining why HPV18 is more strongly linked with ADC than SCC.

IMPORTANCE
This is the largest and most geographically/ethnically diverse study of the genetic variation of HPV18 to date, providing a comprehensive reference for phylogenetic classification of HPV18 sublineages for epidemiological and biological studies.
Self-adjointness of the semi-relativistic Pauli–Fierz Hamiltonian
Authors: Hidaka Takeru , Hiroshima Fumio 
Published: August 2015

The spinless semi-relativistic Pauli–Fierz Hamiltonian [Formula: see text] in quantum electrodynamics is considered. Here p denotes a momentum operator, A a quantized radiation field, M ≥ 0, Hf the free Hamiltonian of a Boson Fock space and V an external potential. The self-adjointness and essential self-adjointness of H are shown. It is emphasized that it includes the case of M = 0. Furthermore, the self-adjointness and the essential self-adjointness of the semi-relativistic Pauli–Fierz model with a fixed total momentum P ∈ ℝd: [Formula: see text] is also proven for arbitrary P.
CXCR4 Protein Epitope Mimetic Antagonist POL5551 Disrupts Metastasis and Enhances Chemotherapy Effect in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Xiang Jingyu , Hurchla Michelle A. , Fontana Francesca , Su Xinming , Amend Sarah R. , Esser Alison K. , Douglas Garry J. , Mudalagiriyappa Chidananda , Luker Kathryn E. , Pluard Timothy , Ademuyiwa Foluso O. , Romagnoli Barbara , Tuffin Gérald , Chevalier Eric , Luker Gary D. , Bauer Michael , Zimmermann Johann , Aft Rebecca L. , Dembowsky Klaus , Weilbaecher Katherine N. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The SDF-1 receptor CXCR4 has been associated with early metastasis and poorer prognosis in breast cancers, especially the most aggressive triple-negative subtype. In line with previous reports, we found that tumoral CXCR4 expression in patients with locally advanced breast cancer was associated with increased metastases and rapid tumor progression. Moreover, high CXCR4 expression identified a group of bone marrow–disseminated tumor cells (DTC)-negative patients at high risk for metastasis and death. The protein epitope mimetic (PEM) POL5551, a novel CXCR4 antagonist, inhibited binding of SDF-1 to CXCR4, had no direct effects on tumor cell viability, but reduced migration of breast cancer cells in vitro. In two orthotopic models of triple-negative breast cancer, POL5551 had little inhibitory effect on primary tumor growth, but significantly reduced distant metastasis. When combined with eribulin, a chemotherapeutic microtubule inhibitor, POL5551 additively reduced metastasis and prolonged survival in mice after resection of the primary tumor compared with single-agent eribulin. Hypothesizing that POL5551 may mobilize tumor cells from their microenvironment and sensitize them to chemotherapy, we used a “chemotherapy framing” dosing strategy. When administered shortly before and after eribulin treatment, three doses of POL5551 with eribulin reduced bone and liver tumor burden more effectively than chemotherapy alone. These data suggest that sequenced administration of CXCR4 antagonists with cytotoxic chemotherapy synergize to reduce distant metastases. Mol Cancer Ther; 14(11); 2473–85. ©2015 AACR.
Improvement of Stability and Efficacy of C16Y Therapeutic Peptide via Molecular Self-Assembly into Tumor-Responsive Nanoformulation
Authors: Ding Yanping , Ji Tianjiao , Zhao Ying , Zhang Yinlong , Zhao Xiaozheng , Zhao Ruifang , Lang Jiayan , Zhao Xiao , Shi Jian , Sukumar Saraswati , Nie Guangjun 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Peptide therapeutics hold great promise for the treatment of cancer due to low toxicity, high specificity, and ease of synthesis and modification. However, the unfavorable pharmacokinetic parameters strictly limit their therapeutic efficacy and clinical translation. Here, we tailor-designed an amphiphilic chimeric peptide through conjugation of functional 3-diethylaminopropyl isothiocyanate (DEAP) molecules to a short antitumor peptide, C16Y. The ultimate DEAP–C16Y peptides self-assembled into spherical nanostructures at physiologic conditions, which dissociated to release individual peptide molecules in weakly acidic tumors. DEAP–C16Y peptides showed negligible cytotoxicity but impaired vascular endothelial cell migration and tubule formation by inactivation of the focal adhesion kinase and PI3K–Akt pathways, as well as tumor cell invasion by decreasing invadopodia formation. Compared with C16Y, the systemically administered DEAP–C16Y nanostructures exhibited superior stability, thereby allowing prolonged treatment interval and resulting in significant decreases in microvessel density, tumor growth, and distant metastasis formation in orthotopic mammary tumor models. Through encapsulation of hydrophobic doxorubicin, DEAP–C16Y nanostructure served as a smart carrier to achieve targeted drug delivery and combination therapy. Our study, for the first time, demonstrates that a simple nanoformulation using a functional antitumor peptide as the building block can show innate antitumor activity and also provide a nanoplatform for combination therapy, opening a new avenue for the design of antitumor nanotherapeutics. Mol Cancer Ther; 14(10); 2390–400. ©2015 AACR.
Molecular Basis of Hypokalemia-Induced Ventricular Fibrillation
Authors: Pezhouman Arash , Singh Neha , Song Zhen , Nivala Michael , Eskandari Anahita , Cao Hong , Bapat Aneesh , Ko Christopher Y. , Nguyen Thao P. , Qu Zhilin , Karagueuzian Hrayr S. , Weiss James N. 
Published: August 2015

Background—
Hypokalemia is known to promote ventricular arrhythmias, especially in combination with class III antiarrhythmic drugs like dofetilide. Here, we evaluated the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Methods and Results—

Arrhythmias were recorded in isolated rabbit and rat hearts or patch-clamped ventricular myocytes exposed to hypokalemia (1.0–3.5 mmol/L) in the absence or presence of dofetilide (1 μmol/L). Spontaneous early afterdepolarizations (EADs) and ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation occurred in 50% of hearts at 2.7 mmol/L [K] in the absence of dofetilide and 3.3 mmol/L [K] in its presence. Pretreatment with the Ca-calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII) inhibitor KN-93, but not its inactive analogue KN-92, abolished EADs and hypokalemia-induced ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation, as did the selective late Na current (
I
Na
) blocker GS-967. In intact hearts, moderate hypokalemia (2.7 mmol/L) significantly increased tissue CaMKII activity. Computer modeling revealed that EAD generation by hypokalemia (with or without dofetilide) required Na-K pump inhibition to induce intracellular Na and Ca overload with consequent CaMKII activation enhancing late
I
Na
and the L-type Ca current. K current suppression by hypokalemia and dofetilide alone in the absence of CaMKII activation were ineffective at causing EADs.

Conclusions—

We conclude that Na-K pump inhibition by even moderate hypokalemia plays a critical role in promoting EAD-mediated arrhythmias by inducing a positive feedback cycle activating CaMKII and enhancing late
I
Na
. Class III antiarrhythmic drugs like dofetilide sensitize the heart to this positive feedback loop.
The Response of Precipitation Minus Evapotranspiration to Climate Warming: Why the “Wet-Get-Wetter, Dry-Get-Drier” Scaling Does Not Hold over Land*
Authors: Byrne Michael P. , O’Gorman Paul A. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Simulations with climate models show a land–ocean contrast in the response of P − E (precipitation minus evaporation or evapotranspiration) to global warming, with larger changes over ocean than over land. The changes over ocean broadly follow a simple thermodynamic scaling of the atmospheric moisture convergence: the so-called “wet-get-wetter, dry-get-drier” mechanism. Over land, however, the simple scaling fails to give any regions with decreases in P − E, and it overestimates increases in P − E compared to the simulations. Changes in circulation cause deviations from the simple scaling, but they are not sufficient to explain this systematic moist bias. It is shown here that horizontal gradients of changes in temperature and fractional changes in relative humidity, not accounted for in the simple scaling, are important over land and high-latitude oceans. An extended scaling that incorporates these gradients is shown to better capture the response of P − E over land, including a smaller increase in global-mean runoff and several regions with decreases in P − E. In the zonal mean over land, the gradient terms lead to a robust drying tendency at almost all latitudes. This drying tendency is shown to relate, in part, to the polar amplification of warming in the Northern Hemisphere, and to the amplified warming over continental interiors and on the eastern side of midlatitude continents.
Nondestructive Testing at “Northern Machine-Building Enterprise” (“Sevmash”)
Authors: Киреенко  , Kireenko Vadim , Власов  , Vlasov Aleksey 
Published: August 2015

“Sevmash” is one of the biggest Russian shipbuilding enterprises. Its capacity enables high-tech and knowledge-intensive projects to be fulfilled, such as manufacturing of spent nuclear fuel containers, building of modern nuclear-powered submarines (NPS) and marine engineering structures. The enterprise has mastered manufacturing of offshore platforms for oil and gas field development in the Arctic. Now “Sevmash” continues construction of nuclear strategic and multi-purpose submarines of the fourth generation “Borey” and “Yasen”.
The article deals with the formation and development of non-destructive testing services from its beginning to the present day. Since 1950s, the radiography of hull structures welded seams and pipelines joints was the main testing method. In 1970s construction of new generation nuclear submarines began; it was necessary to create gamma flaw detectors of new design and they were created within 15 years. Besides in 1970s the active period began for development of ultrasonic testing instruments. In 1970s–1990s, concurrently with radiographic and ultrasonic techniques, testing of welds during the welding process with an acoustic emission method was carried out.
In 1990s magnetic particle inspection of welded joints, radiation monitoring, leakage testing with the use of helium leak detectors and vacuum chambers had been extensively developed. The bubble vacuum method of welded connections testing was widely used in the process of repair and re-equipment of surface crafts.
Today “Sevmash” actively re-equips its production facilities. It gives “Sevmash” the opportunity to built ships that meet the highest demands.
Again about Automation of Digital X-Ray Image Interpretation
Authors: Багаев  , Bagaev Kirill 
Published: August 2015

Introduction. This article is dedicated to a possible approach to automatic inspection of welded joints X-Ray images. This problem is very urgent but there is no established practice of the automated X-Ray images inspection and image objects recognition. The purpose of the article was to highlight the tasks included in the X-Ray interpretation process that can be automated, and to offer possible solutions.
Method. Analysis and interpretation of images were made using &#34;X-Vizor&#34; software by “Newcom-NDT”.
Results. Studies have shown that the straight and elliptical seam areas could be recognized automatically. It provides the possibility for a signal-noise ratio to be automatically measured. Wire image quality indicators and grooving gages also could be recognized automatically in approximately 80% cases. So it is possible to automatically calculate the sensitivity of the inspection. It is also achievable to automatically determine the basic spatial resolution using duplex wire image quality indicator. But the task of automation of defect recognition is still not solved. The possible alternative was offered. It is semi automation of defects recognition and analysis. This procedure needs the human to take part in image interpretation process.
Conclusion. The conclusion is that the total automation of digital X-Ray image interpretation of welded joints is now unavailable. Nevertheless using automation algorithms in all parts of interpretation process where it is possible can highly increase the performance of the inspection and its reliability.
WORDS-FROM-THE-EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
Authors: Mu Enrique 
Published: August 2015

<p>With this issue,IJAHP celebrates its third year of publication. We have been very active during this period and have started publishing special issues; the first one was dedicated to the status of AHP practice in Brazil and we are currently working on another special issue on the topic of sustainability, scheduled for spring 2012, thanks to the initiative of Fabio DeFelice and the valuable assistance of Antonella Petrillo.</p><p>http://dx.doi.org/10.13033/ijahp.v3i2.59</p>
PRIORITIZING HYDROPOWER DEVELOPMENT USING ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS (AHP) – A CASE STUDY OF NEPAL
Authors: Singh Rana Pratap , Nachtnebel Hans Peter 
Published: August 2015

<p>Nepal possesses huge hydropower potential but lacks experience, funding and political stability which are critical to development. Different national strategies have been proposed in the past ranging from promoting small scale hydro that provides local to regional economic incentives to the recommendation of large schemes to enhance national objectives. This paper analyses the last few decades of hydropower development in Nepal and proposes a multi-criterion approach, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), to identify projects considering social and environmental concerns in addition to economic objectives. A multi-perspective look at prioritizing hydropower schemes namely micro (below 1 MW), small (from 1-25 MW), medium (from 25-100 MW), big (from 100-1000 MW) and large (greater than 1000 MW) is important in order for hydropower development to proceed in the best possible way. This perspective could be of use in strengthening hydropower related strategy and policy in Nepal.</p><p> </p><p>The prioritization procedure is embedded into a multi-objective framework including six goals, namely a technical goal measured by four criteria, a social goal with five criteria, an economic goal with six criteria, an environmental goal with 4 criteria, a political goal characterised by 4 criteria and an additional goal referring to the various uncertainties, expressed by five criteria. Evidence based subjective value judgment based on secondary sources, mainly related documents and experts consultations, is used for the prioritization approach. This research could help policy makers to maximize the benefit to the country by adopting appropriate policies and strategies. </p><p> </p><p>The effectiveness of multi criteria evaluation techniques and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) for hydropower prioritization is the focus of this research. The outcome of the paper is the secondary information based on the AHP application for hydropower scale of schemes prioritization.</p><p> </p><p>This paper is presented in six sections. The first section is the introduction focusing on the country context and MCDA in hydropower. The second section discusses the problem definition, and the third section describes objectives and tasks. Similarly, the fourth section details the applied methodology, and the fifth section describes the results and discussion. Finally, the sixth section presents conclusions and recommendations of the research work. </p>
BENEFITS ASSESSMENT OF TRAINING ON SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT
Authors: Tramarico Claudemir L. , Marins Fernando A. S. , Urbina Ligia M. S. , Salomon Valerio A. P. 
Published: August 2015

<p>Supply chain management (SCM) is a critical factor in the current global scenario. This organizational capability has a recent knowledge base, which is being accumulated, validated, and certified by groups like the Association for Operations Management (APICS). Therefore, training in SCM has been growing as one of the most convenient ways of becoming “Certified in Production and Inventory Management” (CPIM) from APICS. Companies all over the world have invested in SCM training; however, some companies have conditioned the continuity of their training programs to the benefits assessment. This paper contributes by proposing an evaluation model for specific program training on SCM. This model was applied in a global chemical company, which allowed capturing its impact on organizational and individual competencies, as well as on the core competencies. The proposed model includes the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and concepts in the SCM literature. The main result revealed by this research is that an SCM training based on APICS CPIM is really perceived as beneficial, in individual or organizational terms, for a real-world company. Therefore, this company should be confident that its SCM training program is improving and strengthening its core competencies.</p>
AN ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS (AHP) MODEL FOR UNDERSTANDING CONVENTION PLANNERS’ PRIOR FACTORS OF CONVENTION HOTEL SELECTION
Authors: AKSOZ E. Ozan , Özel Çağıl Hale , Akoğlan Kozak Meryem 
Published: August 2015

<p>In the process of organizing a convention, owners of conventions forward their requests to convention planners and leave the full organization of the event to convention planners. Therefore, convention planners perform all the purchases for the organization of a convention. Selecting the suitable convention hotel is a critical step for a successful convention, and for that reason, convention hotels should understand convention planners’ preferences in order to have success in convention tourism. The aim of this study is therefore to determine the primary convention hotel selection criteria of convention planners operating in Ankara. The Delphi technique was used for the development of a data collection form. Data were gathered by conducting face to face interviews with managers from 13 travel agents in April, 2014. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was employed in the analysis of data. Findings indicate that facilities of the convention hotel, price, accessibility, site environment, and local support were clarified as the primary factors, respectively. Managerial implications for convention hotel managements are also discussed. </p>
EVALUATING SUBSCRIBERS PREFERENCE FOR SERVICE ATTRIBUTES OF MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATION IN NIGERIA USING ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS (AHP)
Authors: Oyatoye Emmanuel Olateju , Adebiyi Sulaimon Olanrewaju , Amole Bilqis Bolanle 
Published: August 2015

<p>Policy and strategies in the growing Nigerian telecommunications industry can only have significant impact if they are substantially driven by research on what subscribers prefer and why they prefer it? Thus, there is a need for an operations research model (AHP) to evaluate customer preferences for their mobile telecommunications attributes in order to direct policy and strategies toward what is important to subscribers. This paper built a hierarchical model for choice<strong>/</strong>determinant of subscriber’s preferences for mobile telecommunications attributes in Nigeria using seven main attributes as the criteria for evaluation. The four main players in the Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) market (MTN, Airtel, Glo and Etisalat) are the alternatives. An AHP based questionnaire was administered among students of tertiary institutions in Lagos. Out of the four hundred questionnaires distributed, three hundred and eighty six were completed, returned and found suitable for the analysis. The data was analysed, considering the set of evaluation criteria (service attributes), and a set of alternative (network providers) scenarios from which the best decision was to be made. We generated a weight for each evaluation criterion and scenario according to the information provided by the decision makers (stakeholders). AHP was used to combine the objective and scenario evaluations to determine the ranking for scenarios. The results revealed that an average student preferred network providers with low rates (affordable), followed by quality of connections and a reliable data plan for internet service. A priority was done for the criteria to direct strategic decisions in the telecommunication industry towards meeting subscriber’s needs. Coverage was not given significant priority as the respondents assumed that all providers have similar coverage. The results of this study will help improve the quality of decision making by stakeholders.</p>
On the Nature of Essays
Authors: Mu Enrique 
Published: August 2015

This is our second issue in our new publication frequency of three issues a year. It includes, as usual, several articles in the theory and practice of AHP/ANP. Furthermore, it also includes a thought-provoking essay by Claudio Garuti titled “Parallel Between Space Geometry &amp; Decision Making Space.” A comment on our policy for essays may be in order...
Circulating Tumor DNA Outperforms Circulating Tumor Cells for KRAS Mutation Detection in Thoracic Malignancies
Authors: Freidin Maxim B , Freydina Dasha V , Leung Maria , Montero Fernandez Angeles , Nicholson Andrew G , Lim Eric 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Circulating biomarkers, such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), are both considered for blood-based mutation detection, but limited studies have compared them in a head-to-head manner. Using KRAS (Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog), we performed such a comparison in patients who underwent surgery for suspected lung cancer.

METHODS
We recruited 93 patients, including 82 with lung cancer and 11 with benign diseases of the lung. Mutations were detected in codons 12 and 13 of KRAS in DNA extracted from CTCs, plasma, and matched tumors or lung tissues with custom-designed coamplification at lower denaturation temperature (COLD)-PCR assays, high-resolution melt analysis (HRM), and commercial assays (Roche Cobas®KRAS mutation test and Qiagen Therascreen® pyrosequencing KRAS kit).

RESULTS
With the Cobas mutation test, we identified KRAS mutations in 21.3% of tumors. Mutation analysis in matched CTC DNA and ctDNA samples by COLD-PCR/HRM assay revealed mutations in 30.5% (ctDNA) and 23.2% (CTC DNA) of patients with lung cancer. Combined results of different tests revealed KRAS-positive cases for 28% of tumors. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of KRAS mutation detection in tumors achieved with ctDNA was 0.96 (95% CI 0.81–1.00) and 0.95 (0.85–0.99), respectively. The diagnostic test performance was lower for CTC DNA, at 0.52 (0.34–0.73) and 0.88 (0.79–0.95).

CONCLUSIONS
Our results support ctDNA as a preferential specimen type for mutation screening in thoracic malignancies vs CTC DNA, achieving greater mutation detection than either CTCs or limited amounts of tumor tissue alone.