bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COBALT: A Confirmatory Trial of Obeticholic Acid in Primary Biliary Cholangitis With Placebo and External Controls
Authors: Kowdley Kris V. , Hirschfield Gideon M. , Coombs Charles , Malecha Elizabeth S. , Bessonova Leona , Li Jing , Rathnayaka Nuvan , Mells George , Jones David E. , Trivedi Palak J. , Hansen Bettina E. , Smith Rachel , Wason James , Hiu Shaun , Kareithi Dorcas N. , Mason Andrew L. , Bowlus Christopher L. , Muller Kate , Carbone Marco , Berenguer Marina , Milkiewicz Piotr , Adekunle Femi , Villamil Alejandra 
Published: August 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Obeticholic acid (OCA) treatment for primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) was conditionally approved in the phase 3 POISE trial. The COBALT confirmatory trial assessed whether clinical outcomes in patients with PBC improve with OCA therapy.

METHODS:
Patients randomized to OCA (5–10 mg) were compared with placebo (randomized controlled trial [RCT]) or external control (EC). The primary composite endpoint was time to death, liver transplant, model for end-stage liver disease score ≥15, uncontrolled ascites, or hospitalization for hepatic decompensation. A prespecified propensity score–weighted EC group was derived from a US healthcare claims database.

RESULTS:
In the RCT, the primary endpoint occurred in 28.6% of OCA (n = 168) and 28.9% of placebo patients (n = 166; intent-to-treat analysis hazard ratio [HR] = 1.01, 95% confidence interval = 0.68–1.51), but functional unblinding and crossover to commercial therapy occurred, especially in the placebo arm. Correcting for these using inverse probability of censoring weighting and as-treated analyses shifted the HR to favor OCA. In the EC (n = 1,051), the weighted primary endpoint occurred in 10.1% of OCA and 21.5% of non-OCA patients (HR = 0.39; 95% confidence interval = 0.22–0.69; P = 0.001). No new safety signals were identified in the RCT.

DISCUSSION:
Functional unblinding and treatment crossover, particularly in the placebo arm, confounded the intent-to-treat estimate of outcomes associated with OCA in the RCT. Comparison with the real-world EC showed that OCA treatment significantly reduced the risk of negative clinical outcomes. These analyses demonstrate the value of EC data in confirmatory trials and suggest that treatment with OCA improves clinical outcomes in patients with PBC.
Inflation and Fiscal Policy: Is There a Threshold Effect in the Fiscal Reaction Function?
Authors: Briodeau Clémence , Checherita-Westphal Cristina 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The euro area, like other advanced economies, faced high inflation over the past years. We analyse empirically the impact of inflation on public finances in the euro area, focusing on the question of whether at such high levels, inflation could have a different impact on the primary budget balance. To this end, we estimate a fiscal reaction function for euro area countries and find evidence of non-linear short-term effects of HICP inflation on the primary balance. Over the period 1999–2022, we unveil an inverse U-turn relationship and an inflation turning point – beyond which its short-term (contemporaneous) impact on the primary balance starts being negative. These results reflect primarily the most recent high inflation episode and indicate that in such conditions inflation can be costly for public finance flows even in the shorter run.
Relative versions of star-Menger property
Authors: Mittal Sumit , Kumar Gaurav , Tyagi Brij K. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Motivated by Bonanzinga and Maesano (2022), we introduce and study the new relative versions of star-Menger property related to some properties studied lately by Kočinac et al. (2022) and Bonanzinga et al. (2023). In this paper, we provide some examples to understand their relationships with other relativizations of star selection principles. Further, we investigate the behaviour of these spaces under various mappings.
The Maxwell-Boltzmann-Exponential distribution with regression model
Authors: Altun Emrah , Altun Gökçen 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper proposes a new probability model called as Maxwell-Boltzmann-Exponential (MBE) distribution. The MBE distribution arises as a mixture distribution of the Maxwell-Boltzmann and exponential distributions. The statistical properties of the distributions are studied and obtained in closed-form expressions. Three methodologies are assessed and compared for the estimation of parameters in the MBE distribution. The MBE regression model is defined, with the proposed regression model being an alternative to the gamma regression model for response variables that are extremely right-skewed and bimodal. Two real data sets are used to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed models against the existing models.
Investigating Spodoptera spp. diversity, percentage of attack, and control strategies in the West Java, Indonesia, corn cultivation
Authors: Susanto Agus , Naza Salma Khaira , Muslimah Nurazizah , Nurmalasari Iis , Maharani Yani , Natawigena Wahyu Daradjat , Subakti Putri Syifa Nabilah 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Corn, a crucial food crop in Indonesia, faces significant challenges from pests such as Spodoptera spp., impacting agricultural productivity and industrial applications. This study aimed to study the diversity and attack percentage of Spodoptera spp. on corn plants, along with the employed control techniques. The research was conducted using a survey method through field observation and farmer interviews. The insect sampling was carried out by purposive sampling, while the sampling of plants using the diagonal sampling method was done in three areas that were representative of the West Java province, Indonesia (Sumedang Regency, Cirebon Regency, and Bandung Regency). The results showed that Spodoptera frugiperda or fall armyworm has emerged as a dominant pest in all three areas. The diversity index (H′) of S. frugiperda across the Cirebon Regency, Bandung Regency, and Sumedang Regency was consistently low (<1). Varying infestation rates across districts, with the Cirebon Regency showing lower rates and Bandung and Sumedang Regencies exhibiting medium-level infestation. Farmers in Bandung and Sumedang Regencies are adopting a more diverse pest management strategy, including the regular monitoring and manual collection of larvae. In addition, the survey shows a positive relationship between the knowledge, skills, and attitude of farmers, suggesting that acquiring more information and understanding agricultural techniques contribute to effective task execution and foster positive mindsets. This comprehensive investigation sheds light on the regional variations in Spodoptera spp. dynamics, providing valuable insights for sustainable pest management in the corn cultivation of the West Java Province, Indonesia.
Context-Attentive Theology: On the Rearticulation of Experience in Theological Inquiry
Authors: Zegarra Raúl E. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This article argues that theology (systematic or otherwise) is ultimately grounded in (religious) experience. To that end, I methodologically demonstrate that theological inquiry cannot coherently be pursued without attention to people’s experience of the divine/sacred. Thus, this article stands as a methodological development and defense of a family of theological viewpoints that I call context-attentive theologies. In order to do so, I examine the writings of three authors whose different approaches to the problem of divine revelation will help me to clarify the meaning of context-attentive theology: Jean-Luc Marion, H. Richard Niebuhr, and Gustavo Gutiérrez. I proceed in four steps. First, I provide an account of context-attentive theology through an examination of the task of theology. Second, I focus on Marion’s phenomenology of revelation to ascertain to what extent it incorporates contextual analysis. Third, I turn to Niebuhr’s account of revelation, which I construe as a context-attentive theology shaped by the “historical turn.” Fourth, I turn to Gutiérrez’s liberation theology to show how Niebuhr’s “radical reconstruction” within the context of the historical turn is further radicalized by liberation theology, which I take as a prime example of context-attentive theology.
Green carbon-based adsorbents for water treatment in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Adeola Adedapo O. , Forbes Patricia B.C. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
As underlined by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs), providing safe and clean potable water remains a significant concern in developing regions of the world, especially Sub-Saharan Africa. Extensive research has been done on this subject in Africa. The concept of sustainable chemistry towards solving another pressing issue in Africa – waste management – led to the decision to investigate green carbon-based materials for water purification on the continent. The conversion of “waste to wealth” is a practical means of achieving proper waste management at a reasonable cost. Low-cost adsorbents such as biochar, activated carbons, graphene and carbon composites, with high surface area, porosity and efficiency have been generated from agricultural waste and biomass, carbon-rich geological materials, carbonaceous polymeric materials, and hydrocarbons/petroleum by-products, using simple thermal and/or green chemical reaction protocols. Several drawbacks have hindered the development and utilization of adsorbents for the treatment of polluted water, including chemical fouling, loss of activity, poor reusability, difficulty associated with sorbent regeneration, production of secondary pollutants, toxicities caused by exposure to sorbent residues, and inability to deal with heavily polluted water. However, the use of adsorbents is still widely acclaimed as an efficient and cleaner method among other existing water treatment options such as extraction, chemical oxidation, bioremediation, and photocatalytic degradation. This paper outlines the research carried out by Sub-Saharan African scientists to proffer solutions to water pollution using green carbon-based adsorbents and discusses the breakthroughs, challenges, and future prospects.
REGIONAL PROJECTION OF AGGLOMERATION ECONOMY IN RUSSIA
Authors: КОЛОМАК Е.А. 
Published: August 2024

В статье рассматривается функционирование агломерационной экономики в регионах России, проводится эмпирический анализ результатов работы предприятий и изучается их зависимость от близости к крупному региональному рынку. Информационной основой исследования выступают данные СПАРК-Интерфакс за 2019-2020 гг. Проведенный анализ не подтвердил распространенное мнение о том, что агломерационные эффекты проявляются на очень ограниченных территориях центра России. Эконометрические оценки свидетельствуют о значительном вкладе агломерационной экономики в эффективность компаний, расположенных в различных частях страны. Во всех географических зонах и федеральных округах РФ имеются регионы как с существенными, так и с незначимыми положительными агломерационными эффектами, в некоторых регионах они отрицательные. Проявление агломерационных эффектов в регионах не зависит ни от плотности экономической активности, ни от уровня развития коммуникационной инфраструктуры. Очевидно, что отсутствие кооперации между местными производителями препятствует реализации существующего агломерационного потенциала в стране.
The study investigates how agglomeration economies operate in Russian regions, conducting empirical analyses of enterprises' performances and exploring their reliance on proximity to large regional markets based on SPARK-Interfax data from 2019 to 2020. Contrary to the prevailing belief that agglomeration effects are confined to specific areas in the central part of Russia, our econometric assessments reveal a substantial influence of agglomeration economies on the efficiency of companies situated throughout the country. Notably, every geographical zone and federal district in the Russian Federation exhibits regions with both notable positive and negligible agglomeration effects, and in certain areas, these effects are even negative. The manifestation of these effects appears unrelated to the density of economic activity or the state of communication infrastructure development. The study underscores that the realization of existing agglomeration potential is hindered by the lack of collaboration among local producers.
ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURAL FOUNDATIONS OF INTERREGIONAL LABOR PRODUCTIVITY DIFFERENTIATION
Authors: МЕЛЬНИКОВА Л.В. 
Published: August 2024

В статье исследуется межрегиональная дифференциация уровней производительности труда (ПТ), лежащих в основе различий региональной экономической динамики. Средствами структурного анализа «сдвиг-доля» оценена значимость отраслевой структуры и ее изменений в формировании межрегиональных различий уровней ПТ. Был выполнен структурный анализ изменений в производительности труда, измеренной объемом ВДС на одного занятого в экономике, на данных субъектов РФ в разрезе отраслей ОКВЭД за период 2011-2021 гг. Результаты анализа выявили тенденцию к конвергенции региональных уровней ПТ. Основной вклад в конвергенцию вносят региональные сдвиги, возникающие из внутриотраслевых различий ПТ в зависимости от локации производств, и в существенно меньшей степени - отраслевые сдвиги, указывающие на межотраслевые различия ПТ. Основной вклад в дивергенцию региональных уровней ПТ вносят локализационные сдвиги, возникающие в процессе специализации региона на производствах, представляющих его сравнительные преимущества. Локализационные сдвиги большей частью происходят в азиатских регионах России.
The article studies the interregional differentiation in labor productivity (LP) levels underlying the differences in regional economic dynamics. It evaluates the significance of sectoral structure and its modifications in shaping interregional differences in LP levels using the shift-share structural analysis method. The analysis of changes in labor productivity is based on the GVA per employed person in industries according to the All-Russian Classifier of Types of Economic Activities, encompasses data from the Russian Federation’s regions, and spans the period from 2011 to 2021. The findings reveal a trend toward the convergence of regional LP levels. This convergence is chiefly driven by regional shifts arising from intra-industry LP variances contingent on production location, while sectoral shifts indicating inter-industry LP disparities play a comparatively minor role. Contrarywise, the divergence in regional LP levels is predominantly attributed to localization shifts resulting from regional specialization in industries reflective of their comparative advantages. Notably, these localization shifts mostly occur in the Asian regions of Russia.
THE SIBERIAN BRANCH OF THE USSR ACADEMY OF SCIENCES: SUCCESS STORY
Authors: КЛИСТОРИН В.И. 
Published: August 2024

Целью исследования являются историческая реконструкция обоснования, подготовки и первого этапа реализации проекта организации Сибирского отделения АН СССР, выявление объективных и субъективных факторов, способствовавших успеху его организационного оформления. Основная гипотеза исследования состояла в том, что создание СО АН СССР отвечало выбранной руководством страны стратегии развития производительных сил, его геополитическим приоритетам. Критический анализ большого числа источников, включая опубликованные документы, позволил получить подтверждение этой гипотезы. В статье показано, что значительную роль в реализации проекта сыграли субъективные факторы, а именно формирование многочисленной коалиции в поддержку проекта, широкие полномочия его организаторов, особенно в кадровой политике. В то же время распространенное представление о влиянии личного фактора в становлении СО АН СССР и бесконфликтности в реализации проекта не получили дополнительного подтверждения. В статье показано, как и почему вызревала идея формирования центра фундаментальной науки на востоке страны и как аккумулировался опыт в этой области. Продемонстрировано, что вопреки господствующему принципу разделения науки и высшего образования, в Сибири удалось реализовать противоположную концепцию. Анализ опыта создания СО АН СССР полезен при формировании как научно-технологической политики, так и политики пространственного развития страны, при подготовке стратегических документов различного уровня и назначения.
This paper aims to provide a historical reconstruction of the reasons, preparations, and initial stages involved in creating the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences. It explores both objective and subjective factors that contributed to the success of its organizational design. The central hypothesis posits that the establishment of the SB USSR AS aligned with the authorities’ chosen strategy for developing productive forces and their geopolitical priorities. Through a critical analysis of numerous sources, including published documents, this hypothesis is substantiated. The study shows that subjective factors played a major role in project implementation, namely the extensive coalition supporting the project and the significant powers granted to project developers, especially in human resource management. Contrary to the prevailing notion that the human element had a conflict-free role in shaping the SB USSR AS, our research challenges this idea. It chronicles the progression of the idea to establish a fundamental science center in the eastern part of the country and how expertise in this domain was accumulated. Moreover, the article reveals a departure from the conventional separation of science and higher education norms at that time, showcasing how Siberia embodied the opposite concept. Examining the creation of the SB USSR AS provides valuable insights into national science and technology policymaking, spatial development policy, and the crafting of strategic documents across various levels and purposes.
MAN ON THE TERRITORY: SPATIAL ANALYSIS IN THE RESEARCH OF THE NOVOSIBIRSK SCHOOL OF ECONOMIC SOCIOLOGY
Authors: ГОРЯЧЕНКО Е.Е. , ЧЕРКАШИНА Т.Ю. , МОСИЕНКО Н.Л. , МАЛОВ К.В. , ФАДЕЕВА О.П. 
Published: August 2024

В статье рассматривается история исследований Новосибирской экономико-социологической школы (НЭСШ) в области анализа социальных проблем территорий с начала 1960-х годов до настоящего времени. Показаны логика и основные этапы развития НЭСШ в трудах ее основателей, продолжателей и современных исследователей. Рассмотрена последовательная трансформация как комплекса изучаемых проблем, так и используемого социологического инструментария. Анализ проблем миграции между селом и городом и разработка типологии сельских поселений впоследствии были дополнены исследованиями процессов урбанизации и пространственной мобильности населения, а затем системным изучением социально-территориальной структуры советского и российского общества. Отмечены устойчивые особенности НЭСШ, прослеживаемые в работах авторов разных поколений, посвященных пространственной мобильности и функционированию социально-территориальных структур. В том числе: применение системного подхода к постановке задач и разработке дизайна исследовательских проектов; использование взаимодополняющих источников данных; концептуальные расхождения с политическим «мейнстримом», позволяющие исследователям делать выводы, не всегда совпадающие с государственной политикой и текущей конъюнктурой; стремление к использованию новейших инструментов сбора и анализа социологических данных; стремление к включенности в мировой контекст.
This article explores the evolution of research within the Novosibirsk School of Economic Sociology (NSES) focused on analyzing social issues related to territorial development, spanningfrom the early 1960s to the present. It elucidates the logical progression and NSES’s key developmental stages, as observed in the works of its founders, successors, and contemporary researchers. The authors examine the consistent transformation of both the scope of the issues investigated and the sociological methodologies employed by the NSES. The research scope, initially centered around studies on rural-urban migration and rural settlement typology, expanded to encompass urbanization processes, population spatial mobility, and, eventually, a comprehensive investigation into the socio-territorial structure of Soviet and Russian society. The article highlights enduring characteristics of the NSES evident across generations of researchers dedicated to spatial mobility and socio-territorial structure studies. These traits include the systematic approach applied to task formulation and research project design; utilization of complementary data sources; conceptual independence from political mainstream perspectives, allowing researchers to draw conclusions that may not align with government policies; a commitment to employing the latest tools for collecting and analyzing sociological data; and a steadfast aspiration for global contextual integration.
ASSESSING PERCEPTIONS OF URBAN POPULATION REGARDING SOCIOCULTURAL VALUES IN SPECIALLY PROTECTED NATURAL AREAS
Authors: МЕЛЬНИКОВА Т.Б. , САВИЦКАЯ О.Е. , ВОСТРИКОВА М.М. , АСРИЕВ С.В. , ПЬЯНКОВА А.Ю. 
Published: August 2024

Социокультурные ценности особо охраняемых природных территорий (ООПТ) могут проявляться в разных результатах для общества и территорий. В статье поставлена цель оценить закономерности и особенности восприятия социокультурных ценностей ООПТ населением городов, на территории которых они расположены. В первой части исследования для кластеров городов определен уровень корреляции между показателями субъективной оценки здоровья, активного образа жизни и участия в экологических проектах, с одной стороны, и долей ООПТ в территории города - с другой. Аналогичная корреляция проведена для тех же 87 городов, но сгруппированных по масштабу сети ООПТ, что позволило определить наиболее значимую площадь ООПТ для восприятия населением их ценностей. Во второй части исследования по отдельным городам осуществлен анализ восприятия ценностей ООПТ научно-педагогическим сообществом, а также вся сеть ООПТ данных городов разделена по уровню посещаемости туристами и местными жителями и выявлены возрастные особенности восприятия значимости
The sociocultural values of specially protected natural areas (SPNAs) can translate into various outcomes for both society and the territories they inhabit. This study aims to evaluate the patterns and nuances in how the population perceives the sociocultural values of SPNAs in cities where these areas are located. In the first part of the article, we assess the relationship between subjective indicators such as health, active lifestyle, and participation in environmental projects on the one hand, and the proportion of protected areas within the city boundaries on the other. This analysis is conducted across clusters of cities. Similarly, the correlation is examined among the same 87 cities but grouped by the extent of their SPNA network, allowing us to pinpoint the most influential SPNA area in shaping public perception of their values. The second part of the study focuses on understanding how the scientific and pedagogical communities perceive SPNA values in individual cities. We divide the entire SPNA network of these cities based on the level of visitation by tourists and local residents. Moreover, age-related characteristics regarding the perceived significance of protected areas are identified. These findings offer insights that can be utilized to refine the management systems governing SPNAs within urbanized regions.