bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nevus Anemicus: A Distinctive Cutaneous Finding in Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Authors: Hernández‐Martín Angela , García‐Martínez Francisco Javier , Duat Anna , López‐Martín Inmaculada , Noguera‐Morel Lucero , Torrelo Antonio 
Published: February 2015

AbstractNevus anemicus (NA) is a cutaneous anomaly characterized by pale, well‐defined patches with limited vascularization after rubbing. They are largely known to be associated with neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) and have received little attention in the literature until recently. We sought to characterize the prevalence and clinical features of patients with NA and NF1. We conducted an observational prospective study of 99 children with NF1 at the Hospital Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain, from January 1, 2012, through July 31, 2013, and reviewed three other series of patients with NF1 and NA recently reported. The prevalence of NA in children with NF1 ranged from 8.8% to 51%, being much more prevalent at younger ages. Prospective studies yielded a higher prevalence than retrospective studies. NA was located most commonly on the trunk, particularly on the anterior chest wall, and was often multiple. Patients with segmental NF1 or isolated café au lait spots rarely had NA, and NA was absent in other genodermatoses. The collection of data was not homogeneous in all studies. NA has a high prevalence in individuals with NF1 patients but seems to be absent in connection with other genodermatoses, therefore its presence can assist in the diagnosis of suspected cases of NF1. The subtle clinical appearance of NA makes its detection difficult, and physicians involved in the care of children with NF1 must be aware of its possible presence and significance.
Growth Hormone Induces Recurrence of Infantile Hemangiomas After Apparent Involution: Evidence of Growth Hormone Receptors in Infantile Hemangioma
Authors: Munabi Naikhoba C. O. , Tan Qian Kun , Garzon Maria C. , Behr Gerald G. , Shawber Carrie J. , Wu June K. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractInfantile hemangiomas (IHs) are the most common benign tumor of infancy, characterized by a natural history of early proliferation in the first months of life to eventual involution during childhood, often with residual fibrofatty tissue. Once involution has been achieved, IHs do not typically recur. We present two cases of exogenous growth hormone therapy resulting in the recurrence of IHs in late childhood, supported by radiological, immunohistochemical, in vitro, and in vivo evidence.
The impact of rituximab in ABO‐incompatible pediatric living donor liver transplantation: The experience of a single center
Authors: Okada Noriki , Sanada Yukihiro , Hirata Yuta , Yamada Naoya , Wakiya Taiichi , Ihara Yoshiyuki , Urahashi Taizen , Miki Atsushi , Kaneda Yuji , Sasanuma Hideki , Fujiwara Takehito , Sakuma Yasunaru , Shimizu Atsushi , Hyodo Masanobu , Yasuda Yoshikazu , Mizuta Koichi 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPrevious studies have demonstrated the safety of ABO‐incompatible pediatric LDLT using preoperative plasmapheresis and rituximab; however, no reports have described the timing and dosage of rituximab administration for pediatric LDLT. This study aimed to describe a safe and effective dosage and timing of rituximab for patients undergoing pediatric ABO‐incompatible LDLT based on the experience of our single center. A total of 192 LDLTs in 187 patients were examined. These cases included 29 ABO‐incompatible LDLTs in 28 patients. Rituximab was used beginning in January 2004 in recipients older than two yr of age (first period: 375 mg/m2 in two cases; second period: 50 mg/m2 in two cases; and 200 mg/m2 in eight cases). Two patients who received 375 mg/m2 rituximab died of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and hemophagocytic syndrome. One patient who received 50 mg/m2 rituximab required retransplantation as a consequence of antibody‐mediated complications. All eight patients administered 200 mg/m2 survived, and the mean CD20+ lymphocyte count was 0.1% at the time of LDLT. In the preoperative management of patients undergoing pediatric ABO‐incompatible LDLT, the administration of 200 mg/m2 rituximab three wk prior to LDLT was safe and effective.
p120‐Catenin modulating nuclear factor‐κB activation is partially RhoA/ROCKdependent in scratch injury
Authors: Qin Shenghui , Qin Lingzhi , Zhang Chao , Liu Liwei , Sun Wenjia , Li Naping , Wu Renliang , Wang Xi 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTp120‐catenin (p120) is known as a cadherin‐associated protein that participates in tumor metastasis and invasion, as well as an anti‐inflammatory mediator. Recently, its anti‐inflammatory role is drawing increasing attention, but the regulatory mechanisms are still unknown. Here, we report that p120 modulated inflammatory responses partially depends on RhoA/ROCK pathway in scratch‐induced injury in human bronchial epithelial cells (BECs). For the first time, we found that p120 was significantly reduced in BECs after scratching, which could induce interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) production through nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) activation accompanied with IκBα phosphorylation. Over‐expression of p120 3A could inhibit NF‐κB activation and IL‐8 mRNA expression and protein synthesis after scratching, while p120 knockdown by small interfering RNA could promote NF‐κB activation and IL‐8 mRNA expression and protein synthesis after scratching. Furthermore, we found that RhoA was the binding partner of p120 in BECs. Although total RhoA and p120‐binded RhoA remained unchanged, the RhoA activity was increased after scratching. Chemical blockade of RhoA/ROCK signaling (Y27632) inhibited scratch‐induced nuclear translocation of NF‐κB p65. Over‐expression of p120 3A attenuated scratch‐induced RhoA activation, whereas silence of p120 significantly elevated scratch‐induced RhoA activation in BCEs. Conclusively, these results indicate an anti‐inflammatory effect of p120 in bronchial epithelial cells through its modulation of NF‐κB signaling depending on RhoA/ROCK pathway.
Effects of saliva on early post–tooth extraction tissue repair in rats
Authors: Mohn Claudia E. , Steimetz Tammy , Surkin Pablo N. , Fernandez‐Solari Javier , Elverdin Juan C. , Guglielmotti María B. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThe aim of the present study was to perform a biochemical, histological, and histomorphometrical evaluation of the mechanisms involved in tissue repair in rats subjected to submandibulectomy‐induced hyposialia, 24, 48, and 72 hours of post–tooth extraction. We studied the correlation between the lack of submandibular saliva and the modulation of inflammatory mediators involved in tissue repair, such as prostaglandin E2, nitric oxide (NO), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α). Rats with hyposialia showed a delay in socket healing, slow replacement of the clot with granulation tissue, and fewer cells and collagen fibers, concomitant with a longer inflammatory process, as compared to controls. The lack of saliva induced by submandibulectomy modified the levels of prostaglandin E2, NO, and TNF‐α, and tissue response in the early stages of wound healing compared to controls, and could thus determine alterations in later osteogenic response. Our results allow concluding that hyposialia modulates the parameters of inflammation studied here, and that it is essential for optimal healing. Therefore, these findings provide evidence for the importance of submandibular saliva to final bone socket healing.
Turbulence Intensity and Length Scale Measurements in Multistage Compressors
Authors: Camp T. R. , Shin H.-W. 
Published: February 2015

This paper describes the measurement and processing of turbulence data from multistage low-speed compressors. Measurements were made at the same relative positions in three four-stage compressors, each having different levels of the design stage loading coefficient.
A new method of data processing to calculate turbulence intensities and integral length scales is outlined. Using this method, integral length scales have been measured in turbomachinery flows for the first time. It is shown how the turbulence intensity and integral length scale vary with position in the blade passage, with changing flow coefficient and with the value of the design stage loading coefficient.
The results have been used to specify representative inlet conditions for experimental rigs and to improve the application of CFD turbulence models to turbomachinery modeling.
Status of the Automotive Ceramic Gas Turbine Development Program: Year 3 Progress
Authors: Itoh Takane , Kimura Hidetomo 
Published: February 2015

Under the ongoing seven-year program, designated “Research and Development of Automotive Ceramic Gas Turbine Engine (CGT Program)”, started in June 1990. Japan Automobile Research Institute. Inc. (JARI) is continuing to address the issues of developing and demonstrating the advantageous potentials of ceramic gas turbines for automotive use. This program has been conducted by the Petroleum Energy Center (PEC) with the financial support of MITI.
The basic engine is a 100 kW, single-shaft regenerative engine having a turbine inlet temperature of 1350°C and a rotor speed of 110,000 rpm. In the third year of this program, the experimental evaluation of the individual engine components and various assembly tests in a static thermal test rig were continued. Exhaust emissions were also measured in a performance test rig for an initially designed pre-mixed, pre-vaporized lean (PPL) combustor. A maximum speed of 130,700 rpm was obtained during hot spin tests of delivered ceramic turbine rotors, which was almost the same level as during cold spin tests. A dynamic thermal test including a centrifugal compressor, a ceramic radial turbine rotor and all the ceramic stationary hot parts was initiated.
Flow and Heat Transfer Behavior in Transitional Boundary Layers With Streamwise Acceleration
Authors: Keller F. Jeffrey , Wang Ting 
Published: February 2015

The effects of streamwise acceleration on a two-dimensional heated boundary layer undergoing natural laminar-turbulent transition were investigated with detailed measurements of momentum and thermal transport phenomena. Tests were conducted over a heated flat wall with zero pressure-gradient and three levels of streamwise acceleration: K≡νU¯∞2dU¯∞dx= 0.07, 0.16, and 0.25 × 10−6. Free-stream turbulence intensities were maintained at approximately 0.5% for the baseline case and 0.4% for the accelerating cases. A miniature three-wire probe was used to measure mean velocity and temperature profiles, Reynolds stresses, and Reynolds heat fluxes. Transition onset and end were inferred from Stanton numbers and skin-friction coefficients.
The results indicate that mild acceleration delays transition onset and increases transition length both in terms of distance, x1 and Reynolds number based on x. Transition onset and length are relatively insensitive to acceleration in terms of momentum thickness Reynolds number. This is supported by the boundary layer thickness and integral parameters which indicate that a favorable pressure gradient suppresses boundary layer growth and development in the transition region. Heat transfer rates and temperature profiles in the late-transition and early-turbulent regions lag behind the development of wall shear stress and velocity profiles. This lag increases as K increases, indicating that the evolution of the heat transport is slower than that of the momentum transport. Comparison of the evolution of RMS temperature fluctuations to the evolution of Reynolds normal stresses indicates a similar lag in the RMS temperature fluctuations.
On Fast-Response Probes: Part 2 — Aerodynamic Probe Design Studies
Authors: Humm Hans J. , Gossweiler Christoph R. , Gyarmathy George 
Published: February 2015

The influence of the probe size and geometry on the quality of fast-response measurements in turbomachines has been experimentally investigated.
For investigations in the static domain (time independent flows) probes were calibrated in two continuously operating wind tunnels in the range 0.2< Ma < 1.2. For dynamic calibrations in time variant flows model experiments in water (0.025 < k < 0.4, reduced frequency) were performed.
Aerodynamic characteristics were determined for a great number of probe geometries such as circular cylinders and wedge-type probes with varied apex angles, locations of the sensing holes and leading edge shapes. The experiments comprised investigations in tolerance ranges for prismatic total pressure probes, yaw angle sensitivity, yaw angle and Mach number effects on calibration and influence of dynamic yaw angle fluctuation on probe characteristics. As a result of the experiments errors due to static and dynamic aerodynamic effects could be quantified.
The majority of the errors arising during measurements in turbomachines can be directly related to the probe size. An important number of these errors are systematic and can be analytically modelled and hence their influence corrected.
In fluctuating flows the most severe measurement errors, which often may exceed the quantity of interest, are due to dynamic stall effects. This phenomenon, which is of transient nature and cannot be corrected, is typical for sharp wedge probes but is not present with circular cylinders or the effects being much smaller with very blunt wedges.
A Pump Instability Theory Using an Acoustic Feedback Mechanism
Authors: Corley James E. 
Published: February 2015

A subsynchronous vibration problem with a large water injection pump was solved in 1974 by modifying the discharge piping transition to a long taper configuration. This paper describes a quantitative theory based upon the dynamic modeling of the pump rotor and piping system. The mode] successfully duplicates the experimental results of the pump instability and reproduces the subsynchronous vibration described in the original paper.
The analysis results in a log decrement of the system that is dependent upon the time delay of the acoustic pulsation. It shows that the system can be driven unstable for acoustic path lengths that are much less than the quarter wave length. The analysis also shows the log decrement is minimized when the time delay is equivalent to exactly that of an eighth wave length of the resonant frequency of the pump.
Identification and Monitoring of Turbo Rotors in Active Magnetic Bearings
Authors: Siegwart Roland Y. , Herzog Raoul J. P. , Larsonneur René 
Published: February 2015

In turbomachinery application Active Magnetic Bearings (AMB) have become an interesting alternative to conventional bearings. They not only offer an excellent solution to suspend the rotor, but also allow for sophisticated real-time data acquisition and monitoring with no additional hardware within the machine.
The present paper describes a digital controller environment for active magnetic bearing systems. The controller computer consists of a digital signal processor board with a fast parallel link to a PC. Special software has been developed to directly interfaces the control program to the software package MATLAB1 which is used on the host computer for data processing, identification and controller layout. These facilities are used to achieve time and frequency domain measurements for fast on-site tuning and data monitoring. Different examples are presented to demonstrate these powerful tools. Possible procedure for future system identification are discussed.
The Flow in a Second Stage Nozzle of a Low Speed Axial Turbine and its Effect on Tip Clearance Loss Development
Authors: Morphis G. , Bindon J. P. 
Published: February 2015

The flow field in a one and a half stage low speed axial turbine with varying levels of rotor tip clearance was measured in order to compare the behaviour of the second nozzle with the first and to identify the manner in which second nozzle responds to the complex tip clearance dependent flow presented to it and completes the formation of tip clearance loss.
The tangentially averaged flow relative to the rotor blade in the tip clearance region was found to differ radically from that found in cascade and is not underturned with a high axial velocity. There is evidence rather of overturning caused by secondary flow. The axial velocity follows an almost normal endwall boundary layer pattern with almost no leakage jet effect. The cascade tip clearance model is therefore not accurate.
The reduction in second stage nozzle loss was shown to occur near the hub and tip which confirms that it is probably a reduction in secondary flow loss. The nozzle exit loss contours showed that leakage suppressed the formation of the classical secondary flow pattern and that a new tip clearance related loss phenomena exists on the suction surface.
The second stage nozzle reduced hub endwall boundary layer below that of both the first nozzle and that behind the rotor. It also rectified secondary and tip clearance flows to such a degree that a second stage rotor would experience no greater flow distortion than the first stage rotor.
Radial flow angles behind the second stage nozzle were much smaller than found in a previous study with low aspect ratio un-twisted blades.
Operation of Gas Turbine Engines in Volcanic Ash Clouds
Authors: Dunn Michael G. , Baran Adam J. , Miatech Jerry 
Published: February 2015

Results are reported for a technology program designed to determine the behavior of gas turbine engines when operating in particle-laden clouds. There are several ways that such clouds may be created, i.e., explosive volcanic eruption, sand storm, military conflict, etc. The response of several different engines, among them the Pratt & Whitney JT3D turbofan, the Pratt & Whitney J57 turbojet, a Pratt & Whitney engine of the JT9 vintage, and an engine of the General Electric CF6 vintage has been determined.
The particular damage mode that will be dominant when an engine experiences a dust cloud depends upon the particular engine (the turbine inlet temperature at which the engine is operating when it encounters the dust cloud), the concentration of foreign material in the cloud, and the constituents of the foreign material (the respective melting temperature of the various constituents). Further, the rate at which engine damage will occur depends upon all of the factors given above and the damage is cumulative with continued exposure.
An important part of the Calspan effort has been to identify environmental warning signs and to determine which of the engine parameters available for monitoring by the flight crew can provide an early indication of impending difficulty. On the basis of current knowledge, if one knows the location of a particle-laden cloud, then that region should be avoided. However, if the cloud location is unknown, which is generally the case, then it is important to know how to recognize when an encounter has occurred and to understand how to safely operate, which is another part of the Calspan effort.
Experimental and Theoretical Investigations of Heat Transfer in Closed Gas-Filled Rotating Annuli II
Authors: Bohn D. , Emunds R. , Gorzelitz V. , Krüger U. 
Published: February 2015

Increasing the thermal efficiency by higher turbine inlet temperatures is one of the most important aims in the area of gas turbine development. Because of the high temperatures not only the turbine vanes and blades have to be cooled, but also the knowledge of the mechanically and thermally stressed parts in the hottest zones of the rotor are of great interest. The prediction of the temperature distribution in a gas turbine rotor containing closed, gas-filled cavities, for example in between two discs, has to account for the heat transfer conditions encountered in these cavities. In an entirely closed annulus forced convection is not present, but a strong natural convection flow exists, induced by a non uniform density distribution in the centrifugal force field.
In /3/ experimental and numerical investigations on rotating cavities with pure centripetal heat flux had been carried out. The present paper deals with investigations on a pure axially directed heat flux. An experimental set-up was designed to realize a wide range of Ra-numbers (2·108<Ra<5·1010) usually encountered in cavities of gas turbine rotors.
Parallel to the experiments numerical calculations have been conducted. The numerical results are compared with the experimental data. The numerical scheme is also used to account for the influence of Re-numbers on heat transfer without changing the Ra-number. This influence could not be pointed out by experiments, because a variation of the Re-Ra characteristic of the employed annuli was not possible.
It was found that the numerical and experimental data are in quite good agreement, with exception of high Ra-numbers, where the numerical scheme predicts higher heat transfer than the experiments show. One reason may be that in the experiments the inner and outer cylindrical walls were not really adiabatic, an assumption used in the numerical procedure. Moreover the assumption of a 2-D flow pattern may become invalid for high Ra-numbers. The influence of 3-D effects was studied with the 3-D-version of the numerical code.
In opposite to the radial directed heat transfer it was found that the Nu-number is much smaller and depends strongly on the Re-number — whereas the radial heat transfer is only weakly influenced by the Re-number.
Modelling Alkali Salt Vapour Deposition in the British Coal Topping Cycle System
Authors: Fackrell John E. , Tabberer Richard J. , Young John B. , Fantom Ian R. 
Published: February 2015

The British Coal Topping Cycle is a proposed advanced coal-fired power generation system in which gases derived from the coal and containing low levels of alkali vapours are passed to a gas turbine. The deposition of these vapours onto the turbine blades needs to be assessed because deposited alkali salts may accelerate corrosion and hence reduce blade lifetimes.
A model for the thermochemical behaviour was derived by assuming frozen chemistry in the external and boundary layer flows, but equilibrium at the surface and within the deposit, including an allowance for non-ideal behaviour in the deposit. The model is currently formulated for sodium and potassium chlorides and sulphates in the deposit and can deal with deposition to either a solid or liquid deposit. The boundary layer mass transfer has been calculated by both a simple heat transfer analogy model and a numerical solution of the two-dimensional diffusion equation within the boundary layer.
Some examples of general results obtained with the model are described, including a comparison of the effects of different deposit phase, non-ideal behaviour and film cooling. Some predictions are compared with measurements of alkali salt deposition obtained in experiments simulating the conditions expected in a Topping Cycle system.
Gas Turbine Temperature Spread Monitoring Detection of Combustion System Deterioration
Authors: Knowles Martin 
Published: February 2015

Deterioration in the burners or combustion chamber of a gas turbine can result in uneven and unstable air flow and excessive temperature profiles, any of which will produce unnecessary and potentially damaging stress cycles.
Detection relies on comparisons of thermocouples located circumferentially at a convenient point in the hot gas path. The techniques usually recommended by engine manufacturers compare absolute values taking no account of any initial asymmetry due to manufacturing tolerances, thermocouple positioning or turbulence of the gas flow at the measurement point.
The initial profile of measured temperatures can be established empirically over the operating range and it is deviation from this profile which provides a sensitive measure of deterioration in the combustion system. This more sensitive technique provides earlier detection of impending failure.
This paper reviews the normally recommended approach, presents the case for detecting departure from the footprint and looks at a case study.