bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐throughput sequencing of the melanoma genome
Authors: Kunz Manfred , Dannemann Michael , Kelso Janet 
Published: October 2012

AbstractNext‐generation sequencing technologies are now common for whole‐genome, whole‐exome and whole‐transcriptome sequencing (RNA‐seq) of tumors to identify point mutations, structural or copy number alterations and changes in gene expression. A substantial number of studies have already been performed for melanoma. One study analysed eight melanoma cell lines with RNA‐Seq technology and identified 11 novel melanoma gene fusions. Whole‐exome sequencing of seven melanoma cell lines identified overlapping gain of function mutations in MAP2K1 (MEK1) and MAP2K2 (MEK2) genes. Integrative sequencing of cutaneous melanoma metastases using different sequencing platforms revealed a new somatic point mutation in HRAS and a structural rearrangement affecting CDKN2C (a CDK4 inhibitor). These latter sequencing‐based discoveries may be used to motivate the inclusion of the affected patients into clinical trials with specific signalling pathway inhibitors. Taken together, we are at the beginning of an era with new sequencing technologies providing a more comprehensive view of cancer mutational landscapes and hereby a better understanding of their pathogenesis. This will also open interesting perspectives for new treatment approaches and clinical trial designs.
Competitive ligand exchange between Cu–humic acid complexes and methanobactin
Authors: Pesch M.‐L. , Hoffmann M. , Christl I. , Kraemer S. M. , Kretzschmar R. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractCopper has been found to play a key role in the physiology of methanotrophic micro‐organisms, and methane oxidation may critically depend on the availability of Cu. In natural environments, such as soils, sediments, peat bogs, and surface waters, the presence of natural organic matter (NOM) can control the bioavailability of Cu by forming strong metal complexes. To promote Cu acquisition, methanotrophs exude methanobactin, a ligand known to have a high affinity for Cu. In this study, the capability of methanobactin for Cu acquisition from NOM was investigated using humic acid (HA) as a model substance. The kinetics of ligand exchange between Cu–HA and methanobactin was observed by UV–vis spectroscopy, and the speciation of Cu bound to methanobactin was determined by size‐exclusion chromatography coupled to an ICP‐MS. The results showed that Cu was mobilized from HA by a fast ligand exchange reaction following a second‐order rate law with first‐order kinetics for both methanobactin and Cu–HA complexes. The reaction rates decreased with decreasing temperature. Equilibrium experiments indicated that methanobactin was not sorbed to HA and proved that methanobactin is competitive with HA for Cu binding by forming strong 1:1 Cu–methanobactin complexes. Consequently, our results demonstrate that methanobactin can efficiently acquire Cu in organic‐rich environments.
Determination of working length for teeth with wide or immature apices: a review
Authors: Kim Y.‐J. A. , Chandler N. P. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPractitioners face several challenges during the root canal treatment of teeth with wide or immature apices, one of which is working length determination. There is relatively little data regarding the value of radiography and electronic apex locator (EAL) use when root formation is incomplete, and supplementary measurement techniques may be helpful. This review considers length determination for canals with wide or completely open apices in permanent and primary teeth. The Ovid Medline, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched individually and in combinations to August 2012 using the subject headings ‘working length determination’ and ‘open apex’ and revealed only one article. Further headings, ‘tooth apex’, ‘apical constriction’, ‘resorption’, ‘foramen size’, ‘mature root apex’, ‘immature root apex’, ‘working length determination’, ‘apexification’, ‘open apices’, ‘open apex’, ‘open apical foramina’, ‘canal length determination’, ‘immature teeth’, ‘apical diameters’, ‘electronic apex locators’, ‘primary teeth’, ‘treatment outcome’ and ‘clinical outcome’ were entered. Potentially useful articles were chosen for a manual search of bibliography as well as a forward search of citations. Other investigations revealed case reports and some research related to open apices and laboratory studies evaluating EALs, radiography and tactile methods. Some involved permanent teeth of various apical diameters and primary teeth with and without resorption. There is a need to define the term ‘open apex’. Clinicians should be aware of the benefits and limitations of all canal measuring techniques involved in managing this problem.
Time‐out/time‐in: the dynamics of everyday experiential computing devices
Authors: Bødker Mads , Gimpel Gregory , Hedman Jonas 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIn everyday life, the role of computing devices alternates between the ordinary and mundane, the un‐reflected and the extraordinary. To better understand the process through which the relationship between computing devices, users and context changes in everyday life, we apply a distinction between time‐in and time‐out use. Time‐in technology use coincides and co‐exists within the flow of ordinary life, while time‐out use entails ‘taking time out’ of everyday life to accomplish a circumscribed task or engage reflectively in a particular experience. We apply a theoretically informed grounded approach to data collected through a longitudinal field study of smartphone users during a 6‐month period. We analysed the data based on the concept of time‐in/out and show the dynamics in the experience of a device that changes from the ‘extraordinary’ to the ‘ordinary’ over time. We also provide a vocabulary that describes this relationship as stages resembling the one between a couple, which evolves from an early love affair, to being married and to growing old together. By repurposing the time‐in/out distinction from its origin in media studies, this paper marks a move that allows the distinction to be applied to understanding the use and dynamic becoming of computing devices over time.
A viralRNAsilencing suppressor interferes with abscisic acid‐mediated signalling and induces drought tolerance inArabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Westwood Jack H. , Mccann Lucy , Naish Matthew , Dixon Heather , Murphy Alex M. , Stancombe Matthew A. , Bennett Mark H. , Powell Glen , Webb Alex A. R. , Carr John P. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryCucumber mosaic virus (CMV) encodes the 2b protein, which plays a role in local and systemic virus movement, symptom induction and suppression ofRNAsilencing. It also disrupts signalling regulated by salicylic acid and jasmonic acid.CMVinduced an increase in tolerance to drought inArabidopsis thaliana. This was caused by the 2b protein, as transgenic plants expressing this viral factor showed increased drought tolerance, but plants infected withCMVΔ2b, a viral mutant lacking the2bgene, did not. The silencing effectorARGONAUTE1(AGO1) controls amicroRNA‐mediated drought tolerance mechanism and, in this study, we noted that plants (dcl2/3/4triple mutants) lacking functional short‐interferingRNA‐mediated silencing were also drought tolerant. However, drought tolerance engendered byCMVmay be independent of the silencing suppressor activity of the 2b protein. AlthoughCMVinfection did not alter the accumulation of the drought response hormone abscisic acid (ABA),2b‐transgenic andago1‐mutant seeds were hypersensitive toABA‐mediated inhibition of germination. However, the induction ofABA‐regulated genes in2b‐transgenic andCMV‐infected plants was inhibited more strongly than inago1‐mutant plants. The virus engenders drought tolerance by altering the characteristics of the roots and not of the aerial tissues as, compared with the leaves of silencing mutants, leaves excised fromCMV‐infected or2b‐transgenic plants showed greater stomatal permeability and lost water more rapidly. This further indicates thatCMV‐induced drought tolerance is not mediated via a change in the silencing‐regulated drought response mechanism. Under natural conditions, virus‐induced drought tolerance may serve viruses by aiding susceptible hosts to survive periods of environmental stress.
The inter‐kingdom solo OryR regulator of Xanthomonas oryzae is important for motility
Authors: González Juan F. , Myers Michael P. , Venturi Vittorio 
Published: October 2012

SummaryThe LuxR‐type transcriptional regulator OryR of the rice pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is a member of a subgroup of regulators found in plant‐associated bacteria that are known to respond to plant signals. OryR has been shown previously to positively regulate the neighbouring pip gene and to be important for rice virulence. The role of this inter‐kingdom signalling regulator was investigated through a genome‐wide transcriptome analysis. OryR was found to positively regulate 220 genes, whereas 110 were down‐regulated. A significant over‐representation of movement‐related genes among the positively regulated ones was found, including 30 flagellar genes, accounting for 14% of the up‐regulated genes above the two‐fold cut‐off value. In Xoo, both swimming and swarming respond to rice macerate and OryR plays a role in the induction of both of these types of motility under these conditions. In this study, we have also shown that the flagellar regulator flhF contains a lux box‐like element in its promoter region, similar to the oryR‐regulated neighbouring pip gene; via the use of a transcriptional fusion reporter, it was shown that flhF is regulated by OryR. Finally, the role of OryR in motility was also demonstrated by the significant reduction in flagellin content in the oryR Xoo mutant with respect to the wild‐type, as observed by in planta proteomics studies.
Gestational diabetes: prospective interview‐study of the developing beliefs about health, illness and health care in migrant women
Authors: Hjelm Katarina , Bard Karin , Apelqvist Jan 
Published: October 2012

Aims and objectives.  To explore the development over time of beliefs about health, illness and health care in migrant women with gestational diabetes mellitus born in the Middle East and living in Sweden and to study the influence on self‐care and care seeking.Background.  With today’s extensive global migration, contact with the new society/health care confronts the migrant’s culture of origin with the culture of the host country. The question is whether immigrants’ patterns of beliefs about health, illness and health‐related behaviour change over time, as no previous studies have been found on this topic.Design.  A qualitative prospective exploratory study.Methods.  Semi‐structured interviews, with 14 women (28–44 years), on three occasions: during pregnancy in gestational weeks 34–38 and three and 14 months after delivery.Results.  There was a U‐shaped development of beliefs, from focusing on worries about the baby’s health during pregnancy and trying to comply with advice from health professionals, particularly a healthy diet, through regression to dietary habits (more sugar, less fibre) and lifestyle held before being diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus three months after delivery, back to a healthy diet/lifestyle and worries 14 months after delivery but then focusing on their own risk, as mothers, of developing type 2 diabetes and being unable to care for the child. Over time, the number of persons perceiving gestational diabetes mellitus as a transient condition decreased. Respondents lacked information about gestational diabetes mellitus, diet and follow‐ups.Conclusion.  Beliefs changed over time and influenced health‐related behaviour. Beliefs about the seriousness of gestational diabetes mellitus among healthcare staff/care organisation influence the development of patients’ beliefs and need to be considered in planning care.Relevance to clinical practice.  Pregnancy should be used as an opportunity to provide complete information about gestational diabetes mellitus and future health risks. This should continue after delivery and wishes for regular follow‐ups should be met.
Nurses Improving Care for Healthsystem Elders – a model for optimising the geriatric nursing practice environment
Authors: Capezuti Elizabeth , Boltz Marie , Cline Daniel , Dickson Victoria Vaughn , Rosenberg Marie‐Claire , Wagner Laura , Shuluk Joseph , Nigolian Cindy 
Published: October 2012

Aims and objectives.  To explain the relationship between a positive nurse practice environment (NPE) and implementation of evidence‐based practices. To describe the components of NICHE (Nurses Improving Care for Healthsystem Elders) programmes that contribute to a positive geriatric nursing practice environment.Background.  The NPE is a system‐level intervention for promoting quality and patient safety; however, there are population‐specific factors that influence the nurses’ perception of their practice and its’ relationship with patient outcomes. Favourable perceptions of the geriatric‐specific NPE are associated with better perceptions of geriatric care quality.Designs.  Discursive paper.Method.  In this selective critical analysis of the descriptive and empirical literature, we present the implementation of geriatric models in relation to the NPE and components of the NICHE programme that support hospitals’ systemic capacity to effectively integrate and sustain evidence‐based geriatric knowledge into practice.Results.  Although there are several geriatric models and chronic care models available, NICHE has been the most successful in recruiting hospital membership as well as contributing to the depth of geriatric hospital programming.Conclusions.  Although all geriatric care models require significant nursing input, only NICHE focuses on the nursing staff’s perception of the care environment for geriatric practice. Studies in NICHE hospitals demonstrate that quality geriatric care requires a NPE in which the structure and processes of hospital services focus on specific patient care needs.Relevance to clinical practice.  The implementation of evidence‐based models addressing the unique needs of hospitalised older adults requires programmes such as NICHE that serve as technical resources centre and a catalyst for networking among facilities committed to quality geriatric care. Unprecedented international growth in the ageing population compels us to examine how to adapt the successful components of NICHE to the distinctive needs of health systems throughout the world that serve older adults.
Determination of older people’s level of loneliness
Authors: Koc Zeliha 
Published: October 2012

Aims and objectives.  To determine levels of loneliness of individuals aged 60 and above.Background.  Loneliness stands out as a social problem observed amongst old individuals living in both urban and rural areas.Design.  Descriptive study.Methods.  A total of 330 individuals aged 60 and above who visited a local health care centre at Sinop, Turkey, because of various health problems are included in the research. Data were collected using a questionnaire that determines the patients’ socio‐demographics and clinic specifications and uses the UCLA Loneliness Scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale and the instrumental activities of daily living list. For data analysis, percentage calculation, one‐way anova, the student t‐test and regression analysis were used.Results.  It has been determined that older people’s UCLA Loneliness Scale point average is 47·3 ± 8·6; most of them (49·1%) were seen to have a middle‐level loneliness point. Older people’s Satisfaction with Life Scale point average has been determined as 12·7 ± 6·8. There is no statistically meaningful relationship between older people’s life‐satisfaction score average and socio‐demographic and clinical specifications (p > 0·05). Older people’s points in IADL are 18·8 ± 7·6. Most of them are independent in terms of fulfilment of the instrumental activities.Conclusions.  In the study, when compared with the other groups, loneliness point averages were found significantly higher for men, those who had never married, primary school graduates, the childless, those who lived alone, those had a chronic disease or those who used continual medication.Relevance to clinical practice.  The social and health care systems need to recognise and address loneliness problems amongst older people. It is important to develop and test new interventions aimed at alleviating loneliness.
The diagnostic value of the numeric pain rating scale in older postoperative patients
Authors: van Dijk Jacqueline FM , Kappen Teus H , van Wijck Albert JM , Kalkman Cor J , Schuurmans Marieke J 
Published: October 2012

Aims and objectivesTo measure the diagnostic value of the Numeric Rating Scale by comparing it to a Verbal Rating Scale in older patients.BackgroundPain management in older patients is an important challenge because of their greater susceptibility to adverse effects of analgesics. Nurses play an important role in applying guidelines for postoperative pain treatment. However, effective pain management is dependent upon valid and reliable pain assessment.DesignCross‐sectional study.MethodsIn total, 2674 older patients scored their postoperative pain on an 11‐point numeric rating scale (NRS) and an adjective scale (VRS) including no pain, little pain, painful but bearable, considerable pain and terrible pain. The diagnostic value of different NRS cut‐off values for administering analgesics is determined by an ROC curve.ResultsSensitivity of NRS > 3 for ‘unbearable’ pain in older patients was 72% with a specificity of 97·2%. With a cut‐off point NRS > 4, sensitivity increased to 83%, while specificity was 96·7%. With a cut‐off point NRS > 5, sensitivity was 94%, while specificity was 85%. A high proportion (75%) of older old patients (≥ 75 years) with ‘painful but bearable’ considers NRS 4, 5 and 6 to this VRS category.ConclusionUsing an NRS cut‐off point > 3 or > 4, a large group of older patients with ‘bearable’ pain would incorrectly classified as ‘unbearable’. When we make the assumption that bearable pain means no wish for additional analgesics, this misclassification might result in overtreatment with analgesics, while 3% would be undertreated. With NRS cut‐off point > 5, 6% have a risk of overtreatment and 15% of undertreatment.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses should not rely solely on the NRS score in determining pain treatment; they need to communicate with older patients about their pain, the need for analgesics and eventual misconceptions about analgesics.
Systematic pain assessment using an observational scale in nursing home residents with dementia: exploring feasibility and applied interventions
Authors: Zwakhalen Sandra MG ,  van't Hof Charlotte E , Hamers Jan PH 
Published: October 2012

Aims and objectivesTo investigate the feasibility of regular pain assessment using an observational scale in nursing home residents with dementia and; determine interventions applied after diagnosing possible pain.BackgroundPain occurs regularly among nursing home residents with dementia and is frequently undertreated. Over the last decade a variety of observational scales have been developed to assess pain in elderly people with dementia. One of these observational scales is pain assessment using an observational scale. There are indications that the regular use of pain assessments scales can contribute to an adequate diagnosis of pain and therefore would improve pain treatment.DesignIn this exploratory descriptive observational study regular pain assessment using an observational scale as an intervention was evaluated.MethodsData were collected during a 6‐week period (August–September 2009) where pain was measured twice a week among 22 residents of a psychogeriatric nursing home ward, using the pain assessment using an observational scale scale. Interventions undertaken as a result of the pain score were recorded on a datasheet. After the third and sixth week the implementation of pain assessment was evaluated with staff members using interviews.ResultsIn total, 264 pain assessments were conducted using the pain assessment using an observational scale. Of all scheduled standardized assessments, 90% were completed. Sixty out of 264 assessment resulted in a pain score. The completed datasheets (n = 39), including information on the selected intervention and the reason for selecting a specific intervention, showed that a pain score (n = 17) did not often result in any intervention. The majority of interventions undertaken consisted of a non‐pharmacological approach (n = 19).ConclusionThis study demonstrates that although there was a high compliance rate, pain relieving interventions were not frequently applied. Interventions undertaken after pain assessment were mainly non‐pharmacological.Relevance to clinical practiceProviding nursing staff with adequate pain assessment tools alone is not sufficient to change the pain management practices.
Decision‐making related to complementary and alternative medicine use by people with Type 2 diabetes: a qualitative study
Authors: Chang Hsiao‐Yun Annie , Wallis Marianne , Tiralongo Evelin , Wang Hui Lan 
Published: October 2012

Aims and objectivesTo explore how complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) users make decisions about CAM use. Specifically, an exploration of the processes used by people with Type 2 diabetes, related to the assessment of information sources, factors influencing decision‐making and the role of other key individuals, was undertaken.BackgroundPatients with chronic illnesses increasingly seek to use CAM to improve their well‐being. Currently, however, the decision‐making processes related to CAM use among people with Type 2 diabetes are poorly understood.MethodsAn exploratory study using a naturalistic design, with in‐depth semi‐structured interviews, was undertaken. Purposive sampling was used to recruit participants with Type 2 diabetes who used CAM alongside conventional medicine. The data were analysed in a three‐step coding process. Ethical approval was gained from a human research ethics committee.ResultsEvidence about CAM use from interview data was consistent with a multi‐dimensional decision‐making processes used by participants. Four major categories emerged: recognising the need for using CAM; assessing the potential CAM before use; matching CAM use to personal philosophy; and ongoing evaluation of CAM.ConclusionAs diabetes affects the entirety of a person's being self‐management, incorporating CAMs has become a way of controlling the condition and improving well‐being. It is important for health professionals to consider clients' CAM use and to incorporate this information, where appropriate, into management plans.Relevance to clinical practiceHealth care professionals should be aware of patients who use CAM while under conventional medical care and should discuss CAM use at various points in the client journey to facilitate better communication.