bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modified Kuhnt–Szymanowski surgical procedure for secondary cicatricial ectropion in a horse
Authors: Henriksen Michala de Linde , Plummer Caryn E. , Brooks Dennis E. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA 1‐year‐old Dutch Warmblood gelding was presented to the University of Florida’s Large Animal Hospital (UF‐LAH) for correction of ectropion of the right lower eyelid. The ectropion was the result of a lower eyelid laceration. A primary repair was performed by the referring veterinarian; however, the horse prematurely removed the sutures and the wound healed with inversion of the eyelid margin. Surgical correction of the entropion, with removal of tissue from the lower eyelid, resulted in cicatricial ectropion. During the initial evaluation at UF‐LAH, a corneal ulcer was noted in the right eye because of exposure from the anatomically nonfunctional lower eyelid. A modified Kuhnt–Szymanowski procedure was performed to correct the ectropion and repair the eyelid margin. The surgical site healed appropriately with an acceptable cosmetic and functional result. No recurrences of corneal ulcers in the right eye were reported in the 18 months following surgical correction of the ectropion.
Cost‐effective treatment of low‐risk carcinoma not invading bladder muscle
Authors: Green David A. , Rink Michael , Cha Eugene K. , Xylinas Evanguelos , Chughtai Bilal , Scherr Douglas S. , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Lee Richard K. 
Published: September 2012

Study Type – Therapy (cost effectiveness analysis)Level of Evidence 2aWhat's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Bladder cancer is one of the costliest malignancies to treat throughout the life of a patient. The most cost‐effective management for low–risk non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer is not known.The current study shows that employing cystoscopic office fulguration for low‐risk appearing bladder cancer recurrences can materially impact the cost‐effectiveness of therapy. In a follow‐up protocol where office fulguration is routinely employed for low‐risk bladder cancers, peri‐operative intravesical chemotherapy may not provide any additional cost‐effectiveness benefit.OBJECTIVE
To examine the cost‐effectiveness of fulguration vs transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT) with and without perioperative intravesical chemotherapy (PIC) for managing low‐risk carcinoma not invading bladder muscle (NMIBC). Low‐risk NMIBC carries a low progression rate, lending support to the use of office‐based fulguration for small recurrences rather than traditional TURBT.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A Markov state transition model was created to simulate treatment of NMIBC with vs without PIC, with recurrence treated by formal TURBT vs treatment with fulguration.
Costing data were obtained from the Medicare Resource Based Relative Value Scale.
Data regarding the success of PIC were obtained from the peer‐reviewed literature, as were corresponding utilities for bladder cancer‐related procedures.
Sensitivity analyses were performed.
RESULTS
At 5‐year follow‐up, a strategy of fulguration without PIC was the most cost‐effective (mean cost‐effectiveness = US $654.8/quality‐adjusted life year), despite a lower recurrence rate with PIC.
Both fulguration strategies dominated each TURBT strategy.
Sensitivity analysis showed that fulguration without PIC dominated all other strategies when the recurrence rate after PIC was increased to ≥14.2% per year.
Similarly, the cost‐effectiveness of TURBT becomes more competitive with fulguration when the total cost of TURBT declines < US $1175.
CONCLUSIONS
The present study shows that fulguration without PIC was the most cost‐effective strategy for treating low‐risk NMIBC.
The effectiveness of PIC and the cost of TURBT can materially impact the cost‐effectiveness of the different management strategies.
These results should be considered in treatment decisions in the context of preserving oncological control.
Go naked: diapers affect infant walking
Authors: Cole Whitney G. , Lingeman Jesse M. , Adolph Karen E. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn light of cross‐cultural and experimental research highlighting effects of childrearing practices on infant motor skill, we asked whether wearing diapers, a seemingly innocuous childrearing practice, affects infant walking. Diapers introduce bulk between the legs, potentially exacerbating infants’ poor balance and wide stance. We show that walking is adversely affected by old‐fashioned cloth diapers, and that even modern disposable diapers – habitually worn by most infants in the sample – incur a cost relative to walking naked. Infants displayed less mature gait patterns and more missteps and falls while wearing diapers. Thus, infants’ own diapers constitute an ongoing biomechanical perturbation while learning to walk. Furthermore, shifts in diapering practices may have contributed to historical and cross‐cultural differences in infant walking.
Origins of the human pointing gesture: a training study
Authors: Matthews Danielle , Behne Tanya , Lieven Elena , Tomasello Michael 
Published: September 2012

AbstractDespite its importance in the development of children’s skills of social cognition and communication, very little is known about the ontogenetic origins of the pointing gesture. We report a training study in which mothers gave children one month of extra daily experience with pointing as compared with a control group who had extra experience with musical activities. One hundred and two infants of 9, 10, or 11 months of age were seen at the beginning, middle, and end of this one‐month period and tested for declarative pointing and gaze following. Infants’ability to point with the index finger at the end of the study was not affected by the training but was instead predicted by infants’ prior ability to follow the gaze direction of an adult. The frequency with which infants pointed indexically was also affected by infant gaze following ability and, in addition, by maternal pointing frequency in free play, but not by training. In contrast, infants’ ability to monitor their partner’s gaze when pointing, and the frequency with which they did so, was affected by both training and maternal pointing frequency in free play. These results suggest that prior social cognitive advances, rather than adult socialization of pointing per se, determine the developmental onset of indexical pointing, but socialization processes such as imitation and adult shaping subsequently affect both infants’ ability to monitor their interlocutor’s gaze while they point and how frequently infants choose to point.
Classification of fuzzy data based on the support vector machines
Authors: Forghani Yahya , Sadoghi Yazdi Hadi , Effati Sohrab 
Published: September 2012

AbstractData may be afflicted with uncertainty. Uncertain data may be shown by an interval value or in general by a fuzzy set. A number of classification methods have considered uncertainty in features of samples. Some of these classification methods are extended version of the support vector machines (SVMs), such as the Interval‐SVM (ISVM), Holder‐ISVM and Distance‐ISVM, which are used to obtain a classifier for separating samples whose features are interval values. In this paper, we extend the SVM for robust classification of linear/non‐linear separable data whose features are fuzzy numbers. The support of such training data is shown by a hypercube. Our proposed method tries to obtain a hyperplane (in the input space or in a high‐dimensional feature space) such that the nearest point of the hypercube of each training sample to the hyperplane is separated with the widest symmetric margin. This strategy can reduce the misclassification probability of our proposed method. Our experimental results on six real data sets show that the classification rate of our novel method is better than or equal to the classification rate of the well‐known SVM, ISVM, Holder‐ISVM and Distance‐ISVM for all of these data sets.
Higher order spectra analysis of breast thermograms for the automated identification of breast cancer
Authors: Acharya U. Rajendra , Ng E.Y.K. , Sree S. Vinitha , Chua Chua Kuang , Chattopadhyay Subhagata 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBreast cancer is a leading cancer affecting women worldwide. Mammography is a scanning procedure involvingX‐rays of the breast. It causes discomfort and may cause high incidence of false negatives. Breast thermography is a new screening method of breast that helps in the early detection of cancer. It is a non‐invasive imaging procedure that captures the infrared heat radiating off from the breast surface using an infrared camera. The main objective of this work is to evaluate the use of higher order spectral features extracted from thermograms in classifying normal and abnormal thermograms. For this purpose, we extracted five higher order spectral features and used them in a feed‐forward artificial neural network (ANN) classifier and a support vector machine (SVM). Fifty thermograms (25 each of normal and abnormal) were used for analysis.SVM presented a good sensitivity of 76% and specificity of 84%, and theANN classifier demonstrated higher values of sensitivity (92%) and specificity (88%). The proposed system, therefore, shows great promise in automatic classification of normal and abnormal breast thermograms without the need for subjective interpretation.
Citizen Participation in Urban Governance in the Context of Democratization: Evidence from Low‐Income Neighbourhoods in Mexico
Authors: Lombard Melanie 
Published: September 2012

AbstractParticipation has recently been subject to renewed attention and critique in the context of neoliberal urban governance. This is especially relevant in countries where decentralization and democratization in the context of neoliberalism have led to increased promotion of local‐level participation. This article suggests that current critiques of participation's potential for democratic citizen engagement in a neoliberal context would benefit from further reflection on how participation is implemented in contexts, particularly the global South, where neoliberalism and democracy may be understood differently. Different ‘cultures of engagement’ in specific settings suggest that understandings and practices of participation draw on different traditions, including corporatism and self‐help. This article seeks to add to the debate by exploring the socio‐spatial consequences of participation structures in low‐income neighbourhoods in a provincial Mexican city. Based on qualitative research in two low‐income neighbourhoods in Xalapa, Mexico, it examines how the provisions of the local citizen‐participation framework compare with residents' experiences of it. Formalized conceptions of participation, framed as involvement in service provision, interact with and shape residents' activities in developing their neighbourhoods. This has consequences for urban development there, including the reflection and reproduction of social and spatial marginalization.
Housing Preferences of Temporary Migrants in UrbanChina in the wake of GradualHukouReform: A Case Study ofShenzhen
Authors: Hui Eddie Chi Man , Yu Ka Hung , Ye Yinchuan 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn the wake of the recent announcement by the State Council concerning the provision of public rental housing acrossChina, and the gradual reform ofChina's household registration system (hukou), this article explores how potential adjustments in government housing policies (namely access to public rental housing) influence the housing preferences of temporary migrants who are currently residing inside thechengzhongcun(urban villages) ofShenzhen. The results indicate that dissatisfaction with rental cost and living conditions in these urban villages are the key reasons for migrants wishing to move into public rental housing if it is offered to them — and not the fact that they are treated differently within thehukousystem. Public rental housing is welcomed in particular by newly arriving migrants who live outside theShenzhenSpecialEconomicZone (SEZ), and migrants who have decided to remain inShenzhen for the foreseeable future. By contrast, dissatisfaction with urban villages is the sole contributor to housing preferences for those residing inside theSEZ.
In vivo methods for the analysis of the penetration of topically applied substances in and through the skin barrier
Authors: Lademann J. , Meinke M. C. , Schanzer S. , Richter H. , Darvin M. E. , Haag S. F. , Fluhr J. W. , Weigmann H.‐J. , Sterry W. , Patzelt A. 
Published: September 2012

SynopsisThe efficacy of a drug is characterized by its action mechanism and its ability to pass the skin barrier. In this article, different methods are discussed, which permit this penetration process to be analysed non‐invasively. Providing qualitative and quantitative information, tape stripping is one of the oldest procedures for penetration studies. Although single cell layers of corneocytes are removed from the skin surface, this procedure is considered as non‐invasive and is applicable exclusively to the stratum corneum. Recently, optical and spectroscopic methods have been used to investigate the penetration process. Fluorescence‐labelled drugs can be easily detected in the skin by laser scanning microscopy. This method has the disadvantage that the dye labelling changes the molecular structures of the drug and consequently might influence the penetration properties. The penetration process of non‐fluorescent substances can be analysed by Raman spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance, CARS and multiphoton microscopic measurements. Using these methods, the concentration of the topically applied formulations in different depths of the stratum corneum can be detected by moving the laser focus from the skin surface deeper into the stratum corneum. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods will be discussed in this article.
Estimates of seabird incidental catch by pelagic longline fisheries in the South Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Yeh Y‐M. , Huang H‐W. , Dietrich K. S. , Melvin E. 
Published: September 2012

Read the Commentaries on this Feature Paper: Finding the missing pieces: working to solve the fisheries bycatch puzzle; Next step for reducing seabird bycatch; Requisite improvements to the estimation of seabird by‐catch in pelagic longline fisheriesResponse from the authors: Incidental catch of seabirds: strengthening observer programs and increasing cooperation
Instructed extinction differentially affects the emotional and cognitive expression of associative fear memory
Authors: Sevenster Dieuwke , Beckers Tom , Kindt Merel 
Published: September 2012

AbstractInstructed extinction after fear conditioning is relatively effective in attenuating electrodermal responding. Testing the single‐process account of fear learning, we examined whether this manipulation similarly affects the startle response. Skin conductance responses (SCRs), startle responses, and online unconditioned stimulus (US) expectancy ratings were measured during fear acquisition (Day 1), extinction, and reinstatement (Day 2). Before extinction onset, half of the subjects were instructed that the conditioned stimulus would not be followed by the US (Instructed Extinction) whereas the other subjects were not instructed (Normal Extinction). This simple instruction completely abolished both differentialSCRandUSexpectancy ratings, but not the startle fear response. Although the manipulation facilitated extinction learning, it did not prevent the recovery of the startle response. The present findings are better explained by a dual‐ rather than a single‐process account of fear learning.
A comparison of in‐air and in‐saline focimeter measurement of the back vertex power of spherical soft contact lenses
Authors: Pearson Richard M , Evans Bruce JW 
Published: September 2012

Citation information: RM Pearson & BJW Evans. A comparison of in‐air and in‐saline focimeter measurement of the back vertex power of spherical soft contact lenses. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2012, 32, 508–517. doi: 10.1111/j.1475‐1313.2012.00932.xAbstractPurpose:  To compare the repeatability and validity of measurements of the back vertex power (BVP) of spherical soft contact lenses made in‐air using the method specified in the International Standard (ISO 18369‐3:2006) with the corresponding values when BVP was calculated from measurements made using a wet cell and focimeter method that is not approved by this Standard.Methods:  The BVP of 20 hydrogel and 20 silicone hydrogel lenses, with labelled powers ranging from +8.00 to −12.00 D, were measured with a focimeter by two operators on two occasions in‐air in accordance with the relevant International Standard. Equivalent sets of measurements were made with the lenses immersed in‐saline within a wet cell and their BVPs in‐air were calculated. The validity of each method was assessed by comparing their results with an instrument that used the Hartmann method.Results:  The reliability results were generally a little better for the in‐saline measurements than for the in‐air measurements, although all reliability data demonstrated absolute values of mean errors (inter‐operator and inter‐session) that were <0.05 D for hydrogel lenses and <0.07 D for silicone hydrogel lenses. The in‐air 95% confidence intervals were <0.45 D and <0.40 D for hydrogel and silicone hydrogel lenses, respectively and in‐saline <0.39 and <0.31 D for hydrogel and silicone hydrogel lenses, respectively. The validity data revealed a relationship between measurement error and BVP for the in‐air data (the focimeter overestimates the power of high plus and high minus lenses compared with the Hartmann instrument) and possibly a more complex relationship for the in‐saline data. The 95% limits of agreement indicate better agreement for the in‐saline validity data (−0.55 to +0.48 D for hydrogel lenses and −0.42 to +0.54 D for silicone hydrogel lenses) than those obtained in‐air (−0.64 to +0.68 D for hydrogel lenses and −0.57 to +0.44 D for silicone hydrogel lenses).Conclusions:  Using equipment readily available in a clinical setting, the wet cell method of measurement of the BVP of spherical soft contact lenses has been shown to provide results for reliability and validity that were at least as good as those obtained with the in‐air method approved by the International Standard.
Potential phosphorus leaching from sandy topsoils with different fertilizer histories before and after application of pig slurry
Authors: Liu J. , Aronsson H. , Ulén B. , Bergström L. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of historical long‐term and recent single applications of pig slurry on phosphorus (P) leaching from intact columns of two sandy topsoils (Mellby and Böslid). The soils had similar physical properties, but different soil P status (ammonium lactate‐extractable P; P‐AL) and degree of P saturation (DPS‐AL). Mellby had P‐AL of 220–280 mg/kg and DPS‐AL of 32–42%, which was higher than for Böslid (P‐AL 140 mg/kg and DPS 21%). The study investigated the effects since 1983 of four treatments with different fertilizer histories, in summary high (HighSlurryMellby) and low (LowSlurryMellby) rates of pig slurry and mineral P (MinMellby) applications at Mellby and mineral P application at Böslid (MinBöslid). The columns were irrigated in the laboratory five times before and five times after a single application of pig slurry (22 kg P/ha). Concentrations of dissolved reactive P (DRP), dissolved organic P and total‐P (TP) in leachate and loads were significantly higher (P < 0.005) from the treatments at Mellby than those at Böslid. TP concentrations followed the trend: HighSlurryMellby (0.57–0.59 mg/L) > MinMellby (0.41–0.49 mg/L) > LowSlurryMellby (0.31–0.36 mg/L) > MinBöslid (0.14–0.15 mg/L), both before and after the single slurry application. DRP concentrations in leachate were positively correlated with DPS‐AL values in the topsoil (R2 = 0.95, P < 0.0001) and increased with greater DPS‐AL values after the single slurry application (R2 = 0.79, P < 0.0001). Thus, DPS‐AL can be an appropriate indicator of P leaching risk from sandy soils. Moreover, the build‐up of soil P because of long‐term repeated manure applications seems to be more important for potential P losses than a single manure application.
Message Framing and Parents' Intentions to have their Children Vaccinated Against HPV
Authors: Gainforth Heather L. , Cao Wei , Latimer‐Cheung Amy E. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectiveFraming a message in terms of the benefits of engaging in the behavior (gain frame), the costs of failing to engage in the behavior (loss frame), or both the benefits and the costs (mixed frame) can impact parents' decisions about their childrens' and adolescents' health. This study, investigated the effect of framed messages on parents' intentions to have their children vaccinated against human papillomavirus (HPV).Design and SampleThe study employed a 2 (gender of the parent) × 2 (gender of the child) × 3 (message frame) between‐groups, quasi‐experimental design. A convenience sample of 367 parents with children in Grade 5, 6, or 7 who had at least one child who had not been vaccinated against HPV.MeasuresSocial‐cognitive variables relating to intentions to vaccinate a child were assessed.InterventionParticipants were randomly assigned to read one of three framed messages about the HPV vaccine (gain, loss, or mixed).ResultsGain‐framed messages seemed to persuade mothers of sons to speak to a doctor about the vaccine (p < .05). Framing effects were not significant for other outcomes.ConclusionsFindings provide preliminary evidence that certain vaccination messages may be more effective for different parent‐child dyads.
Tissue plasminogen activator does not alter development of acquired epilepsy
Authors: Tan Mei‐Lyn , Ng Ashley , Pandher Puneet S. , Sashindranath Maithili , Hamilton John A. , Davis Stephen M. , O’Brien Terence J. , Medcalf Robert L. , Yan Bernard , Jones Nigel C. 
Published: September 2012

SummaryPurpose:  Tissue plasminogen activator (t‐PA), a proven therapy for acute ischemic stroke, is an endogenous serine protease associated with neuronal activity and synaptic plasticity in the brain. Its expression is enhanced after seizures, and is involved in seizure propagation throughout the brain. Therefore, the increased use of t‐PA to treat stroke may have important implications for the development of poststroke epilepsy. Using experimental and clinical approaches, we investigated the role of t‐PA in the development of epilepsy.Methods:  Mice deficient in t‐PA (t‐PA−/−) or mice transgenically modified to overexpress neuronal t‐PA (T4) underwent amygdala kindling, and seizure threshold and rates of kindling were compared to those in wild‐type mice. For the clinical study, we recruited acute ischemic stroke patients who either received intravenous t‐PA treatment on admission to hospital (n = 177; cases) or did not (n = 158; controls). We then assessed the incidence of early and late onset seizures and epilepsy in these patients.Key Findings:  T4 mice were more seizure‐prone than wild‐type mice, exhibiting lower seizure thresholds (p = 0.002), but there were no significant differences observed in the rate of kindling development when comparing either T4 mice, or t‐PA−/− mice, to their wild‐type controls. Furthermore, we found no significant differences between the proportion of poststroke patients experiencing early or late seizures, or developing epilepsy, between those who received t‐PA and those who did not.Significance:  Overexpression of endogenous t‐PA lowers seizure threshold but does not influence kindling epileptogenesis. Moreover, the therapeutic administration of t‐PA in humans does not influence the development of acquired poststroke epilepsy.