bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case-specific protocol to reduce cerebrospinal fluid leakage after endonasal endoscopic surgery
Authors: Patel Kunal S. , Komotar Ricardo J. , Szentirmai Oszkar , Moussazadeh Nelson , Raper Daniel M. , Starke Robert M. , Anand Vijay K. , Schwartz Theodore H. 
Published: May 2013

Object
Endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery is expanding in acceptance, yet postoperative CSF leak rates remain a concern. This study presents the Cornell closure protocol, which has yielded significantly lower postoperative CSF leak rates compared with prior reports, as an algorithm that can be used by centers having difficulty with CSF leak.

Methods
A single closure algorithm for endoscopic surgery has been used since January 2010 at Weill Cornell Medical College. A prospective database noting intraoperative CSF leak, closure technique, and postoperative CSF leak was reviewed. The authors used a MEDLINE search to identify similar studies and compared CSF leak rates to those of patients treated using the Cornell algorithm.

Results
The retrospective study of a prospectively acquired database included 209 consecutive patients. In 84 patients (40%) there was no intraoperative CSF leak and no postoperative CSF leak. In the 125 patients (60%) with an intraoperative CSF leak, 35 of them with high-flow leaks, there were 0 (0%) postoperative CSF leaks.

Conclusions
It is possible to achieve a CSF leak rate of 0% by using this closure protocol. With proper experience, endoscopic skull base surgery should not be considered to have a higher CSF leak rate than open transcranial or microscopic transsphenoidal surgery.
Clinical features of familial juvenile cases of moyamoya disease: analysis of patients treated in a single institute over a 28-year period
Authors: Mukawa Maki , Nariai Tadashi , Matsushima Yoshiharu , Ohno Kikuo 
Published: May 2013

Object
The authors compared the clinical features between familial and sporadic cases of moyamoya disease (MMD) by retrospectively analyzing data on patients with MMD registered in the database of Tokyo Medical and Dental University over a period of 28 years.

Methods
In total, 383 patients with hospital records at Tokyo Medical and Dental University from 1980 to 2007 were registered into the database. The data on all of these patients were retrospectively reviewed to clarify the occurrence of familial cases. Clinical features of child or adolescent patients (< 20 years of age) with MMD were compared between familial and sporadic cases in a subgroup of patients who were registered after 1995, initially diagnosed using MR angiography, and assessed using an intelligence scale.

Results
Familial occurrence was observed in 59 patients (15.4%) in 40 pedigrees. The clinical features of juvenile patients were analyzed in 124 patients, 22 (17.7%) of whom had familial histories. In comparison with the sporadic cases, patients with familial histories were significantly younger at onset (4.7 vs 6.6 years old), had significantly more cortical infarction (59.1% vs 25.5%), and had significantly more stenoocclusive lesions in the posterior cerebral artery (45.4% vs 24.5%). The rate of patients with intellectual disturbance (intelligence quotient < 75) was significantly larger in the familial cases (47.4%) than in the sporadic cases (17.8%).

Conclusions
This survey of the clinical features of familial MMD suggests that patients with familial MMD had a more serious clinical course in childhood than the sporadic MMD cases.
Democritus and Epicurus on Sensible Qualities in Plutarch’s Against Colotes 3-9
Authors: Castagnoli Luca 
Published: May 2013

Through a close reading of Plutarch’s Against Colotes 3-9, the paper reconstructs and interprets (1) the original Epicurean criticism against Democritean epistemology and ontology, and in particular against Democritus’ theory of sensible qualities, and (2) Plutarch’s twofold criticism of (2a) Epicurean epistemology, on similar grounds, and of (2b) the questionable exegetical and argumentative manoeuvres used by the Epicurean Colotes. In the process of interpreting Plutarch’s text, (3) the paper reflects on the nature, motivation and plausibility of Plutarch’s own exegetical and argumentative strategies. Finally, (4) the paper suggests that a careful reading of Against Colotes will help us to put into focus the important question of whether, independently of their apparently opposite claims about the “reality” of secondary qualities, Democritus and Epicurus shared either a form of radical relativism or a form of commonsense “intersubjectivism” in their evaluations of ascriptions of such qualities to macroscopic objects.
Plutarch's Adversus Colotem and the Cyrenaics: 1120C-1121E
Authors: Warren James 
Published: May 2013

Lecture du Contre Colotès de Plutarque
(1120C-1121E), avec des références aux autres témoignages conservés
sur l’épistémologie cyrénaïque. Cette contribution examine en
particulier deux affirmations de Plutarque : (1) que Colotès a raison
d’affirmer que les Cyrénaïques sont incapables d’offrir un mode de vie
viable fondé sur leur épistémologie et (2) que les Épicuriens tels que
les définit Colotès sont eux-mêmes dans une position similaire.
Plutarque juge et partie : à propos des débats entre l’Académie, le Jardin et le Portique
Authors: Lévy Carlos 
Published: May 2013

In questo articolo, cerco di
mostrare che:1. L’indicazione di Plutarco (Adv. Col. 1121E-1122A) di un certo
numero di presocratici, fra cui Eraclito, non permette di trarne che
questo pensatore fosse incluso dalla Nuova Academia fra i filosofi
giudicati come propri predecessori sulla via della sospensione del
giudizio.2. Il passo (1122A-F) sulle critiche rivolte da Colote e
da altri filosofi contro la sospensione del giudizio della Nuova
Academia non permette di dedurre che la risposta a queste critiche,
così come è riportata da Plutarco, provenisse dal solo Arcesilao e che
avesse un carattere assertivo. Pare più ragionevole considerarla come
un pastiche costruito da Plutarco sulla base di materiali diversi e
con una pronunciata coloritura dialettica.3. La polemica
antiepicurea (1123A-1124C) condotta da Plutarco conduce a presentare
l’epicureismo come una sorta di scetticismo paradossale che poggia,
non sul timore di ingannarsi, ma sulla certezza che i sensi non
ingannano mai. Stando a Plutarco, il principio della verità di tutte
le sensazioni dovrebbe spingere gli Epicurei, se fossero conseguenti,
all’afasia, ossia a una posizione che li avvicinerebbe alla forma più
radicale di pirrronismo.
“Storm Landscape”: from the reality effect to the moralized mimesis. The examples of Apollonius Rhodius and Quintus of Smyrna.
Authors: André Laury-Nuria 
Published: May 2013

The ancient lanscape as represented in the hellenistic epic and later is a privileged field of investigation to examine the role and evolution of the ancient concept of mimesis. An epic landscape in particular, that of the sea storm, will hold our attention: the transition at the Symplegades in Apollonius Rhodius (Argonautica II, 549-610) and the final storm which closes the Posthomerica of Quintus Smyrnaeus offer one of the most significant comparative studies. Indeed, the landscape of the Symplegades, landscape of extremes, is a place where all elements are reversed, and the poet portrays a scene of chaos, near the unrepresentable. Yet to reread the passage, we can see that it is anything but chaotic: very constructed through regular narrative rhythm organized in three phases that mimic the movements of the waves, it creates a real “reassuring” carried by a prosody and style that rewrites Homer. Mimesis, reality effect, and rewriting Homer are related in this stormy landscape of Apollonius.However, Quintus offers a landscape of storm which uses a different mimetic working: the final storm that closes the Posthomerica who want to rewrite the Iliad and the Odyssey, depends much more on the Hellenistic intertext that on Homer’s one. The storm is thought as a divine punishment, a nemesis to punish the hubris of the conquerors: the description assumes an axiological vocabulary that soon makes this epic landscape opened to philosophical thoughts. Mimesis is no longer synonymous with reality effect but mimesis is now close to an ethical dimension as it moves away from rewriting Homer.How to understand now that the power to evoke the reality effect performed by mimesis (in the sense of imitatio) and constituting the epic landscape, is no longer expressed by a “landscape in motion” presenting in a pathetic way the violence and the death, but expressed by a pathos that is not visible except through the use of axiological vocabulary and philosophical thoughts? This communication intends to show how the concept of mimesis evolves from a sense of imitation with a reality effect to a more ethical and moralized understanding in late antiquity. The landscape is therefore one of the most privileged field of research so as to focus on the mimesis evolution during the Hellenistic period and later.
Customized Noise-Stimulation Intensity for Bipedal Stability and Unipedal Balance Deficits Associated With Functional Ankle Instability
Authors: Ross Scott E. , Linens Shelley W. , Wright Cynthia J. , Arnold Brent L. 
Published: May 2013

Context:
Stochastic resonance stimulation (SRS) administered at an optimal intensity could maximize the effects of treatment on balance.

Objective:
To determine if a customized optimal SRS intensity is better than a traditional SRS protocol (applying the same percentage sensory threshold intensity for all participants) for improving double- and single-legged balance in participants with or without functional ankle instability (FAI).

Design:
Case-control study with an embedded crossover design.

Setting:
Laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:
Twelve healthy participants (6 men, 6 women; age = 22 ± 2 years, height = 170 ± 7 cm, mass = 64 ± 10 kg) and 12 participants (6 men, 6 women; age = 23 ± 3 years, height = 174 ± 8 cm, mass = 69 ± 10 kg) with FAI.

Intervention(s):
The SRS optimal intensity level was determined by finding the intensity from 4 experimental intensities at the percentage sensory threshold (25% [SRS25], 50% [SRS50], 75% [SRS75], 90% [SRS90]) that produced the greatest improvement in resultant center-of-pressure velocity (R-COPV) over a control condition (SRS0) during double-legged balance. We examined double- and single-legged balance tests, comparing optimal SRS (SRSopt1) and SRS0 using a battery of center-of-pressure measures in the frontal and sagittal planes.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Anterior-posterior (A-P) and medial-lateral (M-L) center-of-pressure velocity (COPV) and center-of-pressure excursion (COPE), R-COPV, and 95th percentile center-of-pressure area ellipse (COPA-95).

Results:
Data were organized into bins that represented optimal (SRSopt1), second (SRSopt2), third (SRSopt3), and fourth (SRSopt4) improvement over SRS0. The SRSopt1 enhanced R-COPV (P ≤ .05) over SRS0 and other SRS conditions (SRS0 = 0.94 ± 0.32 cm/s, SRSopt1 = 0.80 ± 0.19 cm/s, SRSopt2 = 0.88 ± 0.24 cm/s, SRSopt3 = 0.94 ± 0.25 cm/s, SRSopt4 = 1.00 ± 0.28 cm/s). However, SRS did not improve R-COPV over SRS0 when data were categorized by sensory threshold. Furthermore, SRSopt1 improved double-legged balance over SRS0 from 11% to 25% in all participants for the center-of-pressure frontal- and sagittal-plane assessments (P ≤ .05). The SRSopt1 also improved single-legged balance over SRS0 from 10% to 17% in participants with FAI for the center-of-pressure frontal- and sagittal-plane assessments (P ≤ .05). The SRSopt1 did not improve single-legged balance in participants with stable ankles.

Conclusions:
The SRSopt1 improved double-legged balance and transfers to enhancing single-legged balance deficits associated with FAI.
Psychosocial Aspects of Athletic Injuries as Perceived by Athletic Trainers
Authors: Clement Damien , Granquist Megan D. , Arvinen-Barrow Monna M. 
Published: May 2013

Context:
Despite the Psychosocial Strategies and Referral content area, athletic trainers (ATs) generally lack confidence in their ability to use this information.

Objective:
The current study's primary purpose was to determine (a) perceived psychological responses and coping behaviors athletes may present to ATs, (b) psychosocial strategies ATs currently use with their athletes, (c) psychosocial strategies ATs deem important to learn more about, and (d) ATs' current practices in referring athletes to counseling or sport psychology services.

Design:
Mixed-methods study.

Setting:
Online survey containing both quantitative and qualitative items.

Patients or Other Participants:
A total of 215 ATs (86 male, 129 female), representing a response rate of 22.50%.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
The Athletic Training and Sport Psychology Questionnaire.

Results:
Stress/anxiety (4.24 ± 0.82), anger (3.70 ± 0.96), and treatment adherence problems (3.62 ± 0.94) were rated as the primary psychological responses athletes may present upon injury. Adherence and having a positive attitude were identified as key determinants in defining athletes' successful coping with their injuries. The top 3 selected psychosocial strategies were keeping the athlete involved with the team (4.57 ± 0.73), using short-term goals (4.45 ± 0.67), and creating variety in rehabilitation exercises (4.32 ± 0.75). The top 3 rated psychosocial strategies ATs deem important to learn more about were understanding motivation (4.29 ± 0.89), using effective communication (4.24 ± 0.91), and setting realistic goals (4.22 ± 0.97). Of the sample, only 59 (27.44%) ATs reported referring an athlete for counseling services, and 37 (84.09%) of those who had access to a sport psychologist (n = 44) reported referring for sport psychology services.

Conclusions:
These results not only highlight ATs' current use of psychosocial strategies but also their desires to increase their current knowledge and understanding of these strategies while caring for injured athletes.
Novel magnetic resonance imaging scoring system for diagnosis of spinal tuberculosis: A preliminary report
Authors: Krishna Chandrasekhar Yandrapati Bala Venkata , Rajesh Alugolu , Purohit Anirrudh Kumar , Rani Yarralgadda Jyotsna 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT
Background: There exists a lot of ambiguity in the preoperative diagnosis of the various vertebral lesions. Mostly in thesepatients tuberculosis of spine (TB) is suspected due to endemicity of the disease in the Indian subcontinent. However, nodefinite guidelines are available to diagnose tuberculous (TB) vertebral lesions in the current literature. Study Design: Thisprospective study was conducted in the Department of Neurosurgery, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, from August2009 to March 2012. Aim of the Study: To formulate non invasive methods to diagnose tuberculous vertebral lesionsconfidently so that the dependency on histopathologic diagnosis can be reduced. Material and Methods: Spinal MRIimages of 45 patients suspected of having tuberculosis aetiology were included in the study prospectively. Results: A totalof 64 patients were analysed and 19 patients were excluded due to lack of regular follow up or histological proof. The patientswere divided into two groups; those with TB of the spine and those with some other condition affecting the spine (nonTB spine) based on the final diagnosis. Of the 45 patients males were 30 (66.6%) and females were 15 (33.3%). There wasno significant difference in the mean age of presentation. For TB patients this was 41 ± 15.56 years and in Non TB was43 ± 18.27 years. All patients presented with backache in either group. There was epiphyseal involvement (100%), discheight reduction (71.42%) and pedicle destruction (42.82%) in plain X‑rays in the TB group. Lumbar spine was the mostcommon affected region in our study (26.31% in non TB and 34.6% in TB group of patients). Significant P value and the OddsRatio was found for T1 hypo intensity, T2 hyper intensity, epiphyseal involvement, disc involvement, pedicle involvement,anterior subligamentous extension, paraspinal extension and no spinous process involvement (eight parameters). Theeight parameters were tested among both the groups and it was noted that scores ≥ 6 favored a tuberculous pathologywhereas ≤4 were suggestive of non tuberculous etiology. Conclusions: The eight point MRI criteria of the vertebrallesions are likely to enhance the diagnostic ability of tuberculous and non tuberculous pathologies thereby reducing thedependency on histopathologic diagnosis or invasive method for early initiation of therapy.
Development of a cognitive screening instrument for tribal elderly population of Himalayan region in northern India
Authors: Raina Sunil Kumar , Raina Sujeet , Chander Vishav , Grover Ashoo , Singh Sukhjit , Bhardwaj Ashok 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Cognitive impairment, characteristic of dementia, is measured objectively by standard neuropsychological (cognitive) tests. Given the diversity of culture and language in India, it is difficult to use a single modified version of MMSE uniformly to Indian population. In this article, we report methods on the development of a cognitive screening instrument suitable for the tribal (Bharmour) elderly (60 years and above) population of Himachal Pradesh, India. Materials and Methods: We used a systematic, item‑by‑item, process for development of a modified version of MMSE suitable for elderly tribal population. Results: The modifications made in the English version of MMSE and the pretesting and pilot testing thereof resulted in the development of Bharmouri version of cognitive scale. Discussion: The study shows that effective modifications can be made to existing tests that require reading and writing; and that culturally sensitive modifications can be made to render the test meaningful and relevant, while still tapping the appropriate cognitive domains.
Evaluation of spinous process wiring techniques for accidental canal penetration
Authors: Adeolu Augustine A , Azeez Abiodun L 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT
Background and Objective: Accidental canal penetration with attendant complications constitutes one of the reasons for abandoning the use of wires for posterior spinal fusion techniques. However, there is dearth of information on this risk when the wire is introduced through the base of spinous process as against sublaminar passage. This study was designed to evaluate hardware‑related postoperative complications, especially canal penetration, in our patients who had spinal process wiring in two types of posterior wiring techniques. Materials and Methods: Patients who had either of two spinous process wiring techniques formed the population for the study. The clinical records were reviewed and the following data were extracted: Age, sex, diagnosis, operation (fusion type), preoperative neurological status, postoperative neurologic deterioration, other postoperative complication and radiologic evidence of canal encroachment. Results: One hundred and seventy four spinous processes were instrumented in 42 patients. The age of the patients ranged from 11 to 78 years while male to female ratio was 2.5:1. Majority of the spinal wiring were for trauma (29 patients; 69.0) while the remaining were tumor (6; 14.3%), degenerative diseases (4; 9.5%) and infections (3; 7.1%). The Rogers technique was performed in 16 (38.1%) patients while 26 (61.9%) underwent Adeolu et al. technique. One patient (2.3%) had neurologic deterioration while 5 patients (11.1%) had varying type of complications from wound infection to fracture of spinous processes. There was no patient with radiological or clinical evidence of canal compromise. Conclusion: Spinous process wiring techniques for posterior spinal stabilization appears to be safe as demonstrated in this study.
Psychological impact of cerebral palsy on families: The African perspective
Authors: Olawale Olajide A , Deih Abraham N , Yaadar Raphael KK 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT
Background: Psychological stress associated with cerebral palsy (CP) is known to be one of the most depressing conditions of families. In the traditional African society, some peculiar factors may contribute to the stress. Aims: The aims of this study were to identify and describe, from the African perspective, the psychological impact of CP on families and determine the strategies adopted by families in coping with it. Settings and Design: The study was a cross‑sectional descriptive survey conducted in the Physiotherapy Department of a tertiary hospital. Materials and Methods: Participants were 52 parents of children with CP. They completed a questionnaire designed to determine the degree of psychological stress on the families and strategies adopted to cope with the stress. Statistical Analysis: Descriptive statistics were used to show responses in graphical formats. Results: Respondents agreed that having adequate knowledge of CP would help them cope well with the demands of taking care of children with CP. 38.5% of respondents said that people in the society accused them of some wrongdoing that has made their children to have CP. Personal problems experienced include loss of job, lack of concentration at work, loss of family joy, and derangement of financial affairs of the family. 26 (50%) of them resort to religious/spiritual intervention as an alternative or complementary mode of treatment for their children while 28% resort to dependence on the extended family system for support. Conclusion: Families caring for children with CP generally have a positive attitude towards their children. However, there is need to educate the public on the causes of CP and treatment options available to families.
Neuroprotective effect of olive oil in the hippocampus CA1 neurons following ischemia: Reperfusion in mice
Authors: Zamani M , Hassanshahi J , Soleimani M , Zamani F 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Transient global ischemia induces selective, delayed neuronal death of pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal CA1. Oxidative Stress is considered to be involved in a number of human diseases including ischemia. Preliminary studies confirmed reduction of cell death in brain following treatment with antioxidants. Aim: According to this finding, we study the relationship between consumption of olive oil on cell death and memory disorder in brain ischemia. We studied the protective effect of olive oil against ischemia‑reperfusion. Material and Methods: Experimental design includes three groups: Intact (n = 8), ischemic control (n = 8) and treatment groups with olive oil (n = 8). The mice treated with olive oil as pre‑treatment for a week. Then, ischemia induced by common carotid artery ligation and following the reduction of inflammation [a week after ischemia], the mice post‑treated with olive oil. Nissl staining applied for counting necrotic cells in hippocampus CA1. Tunnel kit was used to quantify apoptotic cell death while to short term memory scale, we apply y‑maze and shuttle box tests and for detection the rate of apoptotic and treated cell, we used western blotting test for bax and bcl2 proteins. Results: High rate of apoptosis was seen in ischemic group that significantly associated with short‑term memory loss. Cell death was significantly lower when mice treated with olive oil. The memory test results were adjusted with cell death results and bax and bcl2 expression in all groups’ comparison. Ischemia for 15 min induced cell death in hippocampus with more potent effect on CA1. Conclusion: Olive oil intake significantly reduced cell death and decreased memory loss.