bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of weekly dose of 1% atropine for myopia control in Chinese children
Authors: Du Linlin , Ding Li , Chen Jun , Wang Jingjing , Yang Jinliuxing , Liu Sichen , Xu Xun , He Xiangui , Huang Jiannan , Zhu Mengjun 
Published: August 2024

Purpose
To assess the effect of weekly 1% atropine use on children’s myopia progression and whether the effect is sustainable.

Methods
Medical records of myopic children aged 3–15 years receiving weekly 1% atropine for more than 1 year were retrospectively reviewed. Axial length (AL) and spherical equivalent refraction (SER) at every visit were collected. The changes in AL or SER over time were analysed using generalised estimating equation. The related factors of myopic progression were performed by multiple linear regression. The performance of short-term AL change to predict atropine-poor responders (AL change >0.2 mm/year) was assessed using receiver operating characteristic analysis.

Results
A total of 694 participants with a mean age of 8.83 years were included. The participants with follow-up time reached 1, 2, 3 and 4 years were 256 (36.9%), 250 (36.0%), 143 (20.6%) and 45 (6.5%) separately. The cumulative change in AL was 0.05 mm, 0.24 mm, 0.47 mm, 0.56 mm separately for 1-year, 2-year, 3-year and 4- year treatment. Approximate 0.20 mm elongation per year was observed since the second-year of the treatment. Older age and lower initial myopic refraction were independently associated with less myopic progression. A decrease in AL of more than 0.04 mm during the initial 2 months could serve as an indicator for identifying fast progressors (AL change >0.2 mm/year) over a 2-year period, with sensitivity and specificity rates of 0.78 and 0.73, respectively.

Conclusion
Weekly 1% atropine may be a potentially effective treatment with longer lasting effects for children with myopia control especially in those with older age and lower myopia.
Retinoblastoma survival and enucleation outcomes in 41 countries from the African continent
Authors: Nishath Thamanna , Stacey Andrew W , Steinberg David , Foster Allen , Bowman Richard , Essuman Vera , Fabian Ido Didi 
Published: August 2024

Background
Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular malignancy in childhood. Despite one-third of cases occurring in Africa, little is known of the outcomes on the continent. This study aims to explore survival and globe salvage outcomes and identify their risk factors across a large cohort of patients from the African continent.

Methods
A 3-year prospective, observational study was conducted. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to investigate the risk of globe loss and death from retinoblastoma in Africa. Cox regression was used to identify risk factors associated with these outcomes.

Results
A total of 958 patients from 41 African countries and 66 participating centres were enrolled in the study. The survival rate was 78.2% at 1 year and 66.2% at 3 years after diagnosis. Cox regression showed a higher risk of death with the most advanced clinical stage (cT4, HR=6.29 vs cT2, p<0.001). The risk of losing at least one eye after diagnosis was 50% within 4 months and 72.6% within 3 years. Higher risk of enucleation was associated with a higher clinical stage compared with cT1 (cT3, HR=4.11, p=0.001; cT4, HR=3.77, p=0.005).

Conclusion
Nearly one in every four children diagnosed with retinoblastoma in African participating centres succumb to retinoblastoma within 1 year. There is also high morbidity associated with the diagnosis as a large majority of patients require eye removal surgery. The outcome of disease in children with retinoblastoma in Africa is poor compared with other continents and requires prompt intervention by increasing efforts to improve survival and eye salvage outcomes.
Ankle-GO score is associated with the probability of becoming coper after lateral ankle sprain: a 1-year prospective cohort study
Authors: Picot Brice , Fourchet François , Rauline Gauthier , Freiha Kinan , Wikstrom Erik , Lopes Ronny , Hardy Alexandre 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveTo analyse the association between Ankle-GO score during the return to sport process and the probability of becoming a coper 1 year after lateral ankle sprain (LAS). Copers were defined as patients returning to their preinjury sport without loss of function and reporting no episodes of reinjury or giving-way.MethodsTwo months after a LAS, patients performed the Ankle-GO assessment which includes a cluster of four functional tests and two self-reported questionnaires for a maximum score of 25 points. One year after injury, participants were classified as copers or non-copers. Eight potential predictive variables associated with coper status were compared between the groups. Receiver operating characteristic curves (area under the curve (AUC)) and multivariable logistic regression models with OR and 95% CIs were used to determine the association of potential factors, including the Ankle-GO score, with copers.Results64 patients (56% females; age 33.7±13.2 years) completed the Ankle-GO-GO at 2 months postinjury. At 1 year postinjury, 10 patients (15%) were lost to follow-up, and only 17 of 54 patients (31%) became copers. Two-month Ankle-GO score was higher among copers (9.9±4.9 points vs 6.9±3.7, p=0.015) and was associated with future coper status at 1 year (AUC=0.70). Patients with an Ankle-GO score above 11 points and male patients were more likely to become copers (OR=12.1; 95% CI 2.5 to 59, p=0.002 and OR=5.2; 95% CI 1.2 to 22.4, p=0.026, respectively).ConclusionThe Ankle-GO may help identify patients more likely to become copers within a year of injury. Those with low Ankle-GO scores and female patients should receive additional rehabilitation to increase the odds of becoming a coper.
Centre-based childcare in early childhood and child obesity: systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Kucab Michaela , Keown-Stoneman Charles D G , Birken Catherine , Perlman Michal , Parsons Janet , Maguire Jonathon L 
Published: August 2024

Objectives
Centre-based childcare has been identified as a promising environment for obesity prevention in early childhood, but the longitudinal relationships between attending centre-based childcare and child obesity are not well understood. The objective of this systematic review is to evaluate the longitudinal associations between centre-based childcare attendance in early childhood and child body mass index compared with other childcare settings or parental care. Subgroup analyses will also be conducted to determine if socioeconomic factors and characteristics of the childcare setting modify the relationships.

Methods

Databases that will be searched include MEDLINE, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, the Cochrane Database and Web of Science. Longitudinal prospective cohort studies, retrospective cohort studies, case–control studies and intervention trials conducted in middle-income and high-income countries will be included in the search strategy. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses will be conducted to explore factors that may modify the findings. Study selection, data extraction, risk of bias and quality of evidence assessments will be conducted independently and in duplicate by two reviewers. Risk of bias will be assessed using the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies - of Exposure tool. Meta-analysis will be conducted using random effects models to account for between-study variation. Heterogeneity across included studies will be estimated using the I
2
statistic. If meta-analysis is not possible, a narrative summary will be provided. The quality of the evidence will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation tool.

Ethics and dissemination
Ethical approval is not required for this study since no data will be collected. Findings aim to inform interventions and guide efforts in childcare settings to support optimal child growth. Results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. Results may be of relevance for childcare and public health policy, researchers, parents and healthcare practitioners.

PROSPERO registration number
CRD42023436911.
Balancing key stakeholder priorities and ethical principles to design a trial comparing intervention or expectant management for early-onset selective fetal growth restriction in monochorionic twin pregnancy: FERN qualitative study
Authors: Mitchell Tracy Karen , Popa Mariana , Ashcroft Richard Edmund , Prasad Smriti , Sharp Andrew , Carnforth Christine , Turner Mark , Khalil Asma , Fenwick Natasha , Leven Shauna ,   The FERN study team, Woolfall Kerry 
Published: August 2024

ObjectivesAs part of the FERN feasibility study, this qualitative research aimed to explore parents’ and clinicians’ views on the acceptability, feasibility and design of a randomised controlled trial (RCT) of active intervention versus expectant management in monochorionic (MC) diamniotic twin pregnancies with early-onset (prior to 24 weeks) selective fetal growth restriction (sFGR). Interventions could include laser treatment or selective termination which could lead to the death or serious disability of one or both twins.DesignQualitative semi-structured interviews with parents and clinicians. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis and considered against the Principles of Biomedical Ethics.Participants and settingWe interviewed 19 UK parents experiencing (six mothers, two partners) or had recently experienced (eight mothers, three partners) early-onset sFGR in MC twin pregnancy and 14 specialist clinicians from the UK and Europe.ResultsParticipants viewed the proposed RCT as ‘ethically murky’ because they believed that the management of sFGR in MC twin pregnancy should be individualised according to the type and severity of sFGR. Clinicians prioritised the gestational age, size, decrease in growth velocity, access to the placental vessels and acceptability of intervention for parents. Discussions and decision-making about selective termination appeared to cause long-term harm (maleficence). The most important outcome for parents and clinicians was ‘live birth’. For clinicians, this was the live birth of at least one twin. For parents, this meant the live birth of both twins, even if this meant that their babies had neurodevelopmental impairment or disabilities.ConclusionsAll three pregnancy management approaches for sFGR in MC twin pregnancy carry risks and benefits, and the ultimate goal for parents is to receive individualised care to achieve the best possible outcome for both twins. An RCT was not acceptable to parents or clinicians or seen as ethically appropriate. Alternative study designs should be considered to answer this important research question.
Parental mental health during preconception years in association with offspring attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a systematic review protocol
Authors: Ann Johns Ditty , Quirk Shae E , Pasco Julie A , Hyde Natalie K , Williams Lana J 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neuropsychiatric condition prevalent in both children and adults. With growing awareness of the importance of the preconception period in health, it is essential to understand whether preconception parental mental health and related factors are related to onset of offspring ADHD. This protocol presents the methodology for undertaking a systematic review to investigate associations between parental mental health and/or psychotropic use during the preconception years and offspring ADHD.Methods and analysisPeer-reviewed literature will be identified by searching relevant electronic databases including Medline complete, Embase, PsycINFO and CINAHL; reference lists of eligible articles will be hand searched and grey literature considered. Eligible study designs include population-based and/or clinically based cohort or case–control studies. The primary exposure and outcome of interest is parental history of mental health conditions in the preconception period and offspring ADHD, respectively (ie, according to semistructured interviews/confirmed diagnosis by a relevant health professional or screening instruments). Critical appraisal will be undertaken. A descriptive synthesis will be presented including characteristics of the included studies, critical appraisal scores and a summary of main findings (eg, presented in tables, text and figures). A meta-analysis will be conducted, if possible, and statistical techniques will be employed if heterogeneity is detected.Ethics and disseminationEthical permissions are not required for this systematic review since the study will only use published data. Findings from this systematic review will be published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal/presented at national and international conferences relevant to the field.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023460379.
Animations to communicate public health prevention messages: a realist review protocol
Authors: McCorry Kathleen , Maniatopoulos Gregory , Errington Linda , Land Ellie , Craig Michael , Vijaykumar Santosh , Bärnighausen Till , O'Brien Nicola 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionWith digital and social media advances, animated health communications (health animations) are highly prevalent globally, yet the evidence base underpinning them remains unclear and limited. While individual studies have attempted to explore the effectiveness, acceptability and usability of specific features of health animations, there is substantial heterogeneity in study design, comparators and the animation design and content. Consequently, there is a need to synthesise evidence of health animations using an approach that recognises this contextual complexity, which may affect their impact.Methods and analysisThis project aims to understand why, how, for whom, to what extent and in which contexts health animations are expected to promote preventive health behaviours. We will conduct a realist review following Pawson’s five iterative stages to (1) define the review scope and locate existing theories; (2) search for evidence; (3) select and appraise evidence; (4) extract data and (5) synthesise data and refine theory. Engagement with stakeholders involved in developing, testing, implementing or commissioning health communications, including animations, will allow the initial programme theory to be tested and refined. The findings will be reported in accordance with Realist and Meta-narrative Evidence Syntheses: Evolving Standards.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval for the public stakeholder work was provided by the Northumbria University Research Ethics Committee. We will disseminate the findings widely through outputs tailored to target specific professional, public and patient audiences. Dissemination will occur through stakeholder engagement as part of the research, a peer-reviewed publication and conference presentations.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023447127.
Predicting radiotherapy response, Toxicities and quality-of-life related functional outcomes in soft tissue sarcoma of the extremities (PredicT) using dose–volume constraints development: a study protocol
Authors: Simões Rita , Gulliford Sarah , Seddon Beatrice , Dehbi Hakim-Moulay , Robinson Martin , Forsyth Sharon , Hughes Ana , Gaunt Piers , Nguyen Thuy-Giang , Elston Stephanie , Mohammed Kabir , Zaidi Shane , Miles Elizabeth , Hoskin Peter , Harrington Kevin , Miah Aisha 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionRadiotherapy improves local tumour control in patients with soft tissue sarcoma of the extremities (STSE) but it also increases the probability of long-term toxicities such as tissue fibrosis, joint stiffness and lymphoedema. The use of radiation dose and volume thresholds, called dose constraints, may potentially reduce the development of toxicities in STSE. The aim of this study is to determine predictors of radiotherapy-related side effects for STSE.Methods and analysisPredicting radiotherapy response, Toxicities and quality-of-life related functional outcomes in soft tissue sarcoma of the extremities (PredicT) is a multicentre observational study comprising two cohorts (PredicT A and B). PredicT A, a retrospective analysis of the UK VorteX (NCT00423618) and IMRiS clinical trials (NCT02520128), is aimed at deriving a statistical model for development of dose–volume constraints. This model will use receiving operator characteristics and multivariate analysis to predict radiotherapy side effects and patient-reported outcomes. PredicT B, a prospective cohort study of 150 patients with STSE, is aimed at testing the validity of those dose–volume constraints. PredicT B is open and planned to complete recruitment by September 2024.Ethics and disseminationPredicT B has received ethical approval from North West - Liverpool Central Research Ethics Committee (20/NW/0267). Participants gave informed consent to participate in the study before taking part. We will disseminate our findings via publications, presentations, national and international conference meetings and engage with local charities.Trial registration numberNCT05978024.
Evidence-informed, experience-based co-design: a novel framework integrating research evidence and lived experience in priority-setting and co-design of health services
Authors: Morley Claire , Jose Kim , Hall Sonj E , Shaw Kelly , McGowan Deirdre , Wyss Martina , Winzenberg Tania 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveTo describe a new co-design framework termed Evidence-informed, Experience-based Co-design (E2CD).BackgroundInvolving consumers and clinicians in planning, designing and implementing services results in the end-product being more likely to meet the needs of end-users and increases the likelihood of their uptake and sustainability. Different forms and definitions of co-design have been described in the literature and have had varying levels of success in health service redesign. However, many fall short of including people with lived experience in all aspects of the process, particularly in setting priorities for service (re)design. In addition, health services need to deliver evidence-based care as well as care that meets the needs of users, yet few ways of integrating research evidence into co-design processes are described. This paper describes a new framework to approach co-design which addresses these issues. We believe that it offers a roadmap to address some of healthcare’s most wicked problems and potentially improve outcomes for some of the most vulnerable people in our society. We use improving services for people with high healthcare service utilisation as a working example of the Framework’s application.ConclusionEvidence-informed experience-based co-design has the potential to be used as a framework for co-design that integrates research evidence with lived experience and provides people with lived experience a central role in decision-making about prioritising and designing services to meet their needs.
Study protocol: diagnostic accuracy study comparing Cy-Tb and STANDARD F TB-Feron FIA tests for tuberculosis infection diagnosis in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Han Thi , Vo Luan Nguyen Quang , Codlin Andrew , Forse Rachel , Wingfield Tom , Sidney Kristi , MacLean Emily Lai-Ho , Creswell Jacob , Kirubi Beatrice , Davies Forsman Lina 
Published: August 2024

Introduction
The large reservoir of tuberculosis (TB) infections is one of the main reasons for the persistent incidence of TB. Accurate diagnostic tests are crucial to correctly identify and treat people with TB infection, which is vital to eliminate TB globally. The rdESAT-6 and rCFP-10 (Cy-Tb) injection (‘Cy-Tb’), a TB-specific antigen skin test and STANDARD F TB-Feron FIA (‘Standard F TB’) measuring interferon-gamma by fluorescence immunoassay assay are two novel tools for the diagnosis of TB infection which offer advantages compared with current tests in low-resource settings and reduced costs to both health systems and TB-affected people. The proposed study aims to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of these two new tests for TB infection diagnosis.

Methods and analysis
This cross-sectional study aims to assess the diagnostic accuracy for TB infection of the Cy-Tb skin test and Standard F TB assay (investigational tests) compared with the QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFT-Plus) assay as the immunological reference standard. Three different cohorts of study participants will be recruited at the Vietnam National Lung Hospital: adults with bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB (n=100), household contacts of people with TB (n=200) and people without TB infection (n=50). All consenting participants will undergo simultaneous testing with Cy-Tb, Standard F TB and QFT-Plus. The primary endpoint is the diagnostic accuracy of the Cy-Tb skin test and Standard F TB assay, expressed as sensitivity and specificity against the reference standard.

Ethics and dissemination
Ethical approval was granted by the Vietnam National Lung Hospital Institutional Review Board (65/23/CN-HDDD-BVPTU) and the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (Dnr 2023-04271-01). Study results will be disseminated to the scientific community and policymakers through scientific publications.

Trial registration number

NCT06221735
.
Antibiotic use in public hospitals in Vietnam between 2018 and 2022: a retrospective study
Authors: Dat Vu Quoc 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveTo assess the patterns of antibiotic consumption and expenditure in Vietnam.DesignThis was a cross-sectional study.SettingThis study used data of antibiotic procurement that was publicly announced from 2018 to 2022 as a proxy for antibiotic consumption.ParticipantsThis study included winning bids from 390 procurement units in 63 provinces in Vietnam for 5 years with a total expenditure of US$ 12.8 billions that represented for approximately 20–30% of the national funds spend on medicines.InterventionsAntibiotics were classified by WHO AWaRe (Access, Watch and Reserve) classification.Outcome measuresThe primary outcomes were the proportions of antibiotic consumptions in number of defined daily doses (DDD) and expenditures.ResultsThere was a total of 2.54 million DDDs of systemic antibiotics, which accounted for 24.7% (US $3.16 billions) of total expenditure for medicines purchased by these public health facilities. The overall proportion of Access group antibiotics ranges from 40.9% to 53.8% of the total antibiotic consumption over 5 years.ConclusionThis analysis identifies an unmet target of at least 60% of the total antibiotic consumption being Access group antibiotics and an unreasonable share of expenditure for non-essential antibiotics in public hospitals in Vietnam.