bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the effects of geographic adjustments on poverty measures using self‐reported financial well‐being
Authors: Larrimore Jeff 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA central aspect of poverty measurement is identifying the people and places experiencing financial hardships. This paper explores this relationship using the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau's Financial Well‐Being Scale, which reflects individuals’ self‐assessments of financial challenges. Using this measure, for every 1 percentage point increase in a state's official poverty rate for working‐age adults, there is a 0.59 percentage point increase in the share with low financial well‐being. In contrast, the supplemental poverty rate is negatively correlated with the financial hardship using the CFPB measure. This reflects the supplemental poverty measure's geographic adjustment shifting poverty towards areas with lower rates of financial hardship.
A study on: Impact on novel clay dispersion on mechanical, thermal and vibration properties of glass fiber‐reinforced interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) hybrid composites
Authors: Naveen Kumar M. , Vijaya Kumar K. R. , Suresh G. , Chinnathambi Muthukaruppan Meenakshi , Vezhavendhan R. , Chandramohan P. , Rathinasabapathi G. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this study, the effects of various weight percentages of montmorillonite nanoclay particulates (0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, and 9%) are fabricated using the hand‐layup technique, and their physical properties are thoroughly examined. To accurately extract the specific qualities of the matrix materials, the concept of interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) is implemented by blending 70% epoxy and 30% polyurethane, thereby achieving meticulous control over the individual matrix properties. Besides, E‐glass fiber (biaxial woven mat) is selected as the reinforcement to provide structural rigidity to the IPN laminate. As well, to comprehensively evaluate the mechanical properties of the nanoclay and E‐glass fiber‐reinforced composites, a series of tests are conducted according to ASTM standards. These tests included dynamic mechanical analysis (with a tan δ value of 0.171), tensile strength (345.71 MPa), flexural strength (312.67 MPa), impact strength (22 kJ/m2), heat deflection analysis (HDT at 88°C), and free vibration analysis (with natural frequencies of Mode I—25.12 Hz, Mode II—158.36 Hz, Mode III—424.87 Hz, and Mode IV—736.72 Hz). Out the study, reveals that, incorporating 5% nanoclay significantly enhanced all measured properties to their maximum extent. Additionally, to gain a better understanding of the micromechanics between the fiber, particulates, and matrix, the fractured specimens are thoroughly analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. Also, study aims to employ nanoclay‐incorporated composite materials in various advanced applications such as packaging delivery systems, military systems, magnetic shielding operations, detectors, and information technology industries.Highlights
Utilization of nanoclay significantly enhances the strength of composites.
IPN laminates were fabricated with filler loads ranging from 0% to 7%.
Mechanical properties of IPN laminates have been comprehensively investigated.
DMA and vibration tests conducted to assess the aptness of the filler inclusion.
SEM analyses clearly revealed superior compactness with 5% nanoclay addition.
The mechanical and microstructure investigations of jute fabric epoxy reinforced with microfibers from banana and coconut
Authors: Al Mahmud Zobair , Chowdhury Shakil , Sarker Abdul Hannan , Rabbi S. M. Fazle , Rayhan Thohid , Reja Rafiqul Islam , Mobarak Hosne , Hossain Nayem 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the use of jute cloth epoxy reinforced with microfibers from coconuts and bananas to investigate bio‐inspired composite materials. The development and assessment of the mechanical qualities of two composite types—jute fabric containing 10% banana microfibers and jute fabric containing 10% coconut microfibers—were the main goals. These composites were made for the study, and then they underwent extensive mechanical testing (such as tensile, bending, and impact tests) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) microstructural examination. Jute cloth, which is renowned for its sustainability, was utilized as the foundation material, and epoxy was utilized as the matrix to improve structural stability. Fibers from bananas and coconuts were included because of their durability and low weight. The findings suggested that, maybe as a result of variations in density, the composite containing 10% coconut fibers performed better mechanically than the one containing banana fibers. These discoveries signify a substantial breakthrough in bio‐inspired materials and have potential uses in sectors looking for environmentally friendly substitutes. This research may help create green composites with improved mechanical properties by deepening our understanding of the interactions between jute, epoxy, and natural fibers.Highlights
Banana and coconut fibers enhance the composite's tensile strength significantly.
The material's bending properties show promise for diverse load‐bearing applications.
High impact resistance makes the composite viable for impact‐prone environments.
SEM analysis confirms homogeneous integration of fibers within the epoxy matrix.
Hypothalamic cannabinoid signaling: Consequences for eating behavior
Authors: Lord Magen N. , Noble Emily E. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn parallel to the legalization of cannabis for both medicinal and recreational purposes, cannabinoid use has steadily increased over the last decade in the United States. Cannabinoids, such as tetrahydrocannabinol and anandamide, bind to the central cannabinoid‐1 (CB1) receptor to impact several physiological processes relevant for body weight regulation, including appetite and energy expenditure. The hypothalamus integrates peripheral signals related to energy balance, houses several nuclei that orchestrate eating, and expresses the CB1 receptor. Herein we review literature to date concerning cannabinergic action in the hypothalamus with a specific focus on eating behaviors. We highlight hypothalamic areas wherein researchers have focused their attention, including the lateral, arcuate, paraventricular, and ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei, and interactions with the hormone leptin. This review serves as a comprehensive analysis of what is known about cannabinoid signaling in the hypothalamus, highlights gaps in the literature, and suggests future directions.
Bayesian sparse regression for exposure–response analyses of efficacy and safety endpoints to justify the clinical dose of valemetostat for adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma
Authors: Fukae Masato , Rogers James , Garcia Ramon , Tachibana Masaya , Shimizu Takako 
Published: August 2024

AbstractValemetostat is an oral inhibitor of enhancer of zeste homolog (EZH) 2 and EZH1 approved in Japan for the treatment of adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL). To support the approved daily dose of 200 mg and inform dose adjustments in patients with ATLL, Bayesian exposure–response analyses were conducted using data from two clinical trials. The analyses included two efficacy endpoints, overall response by central and investigator assessments in patients with ATLL (n = 38, 150–200 mg), and six safety endpoints in patients with non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 102, 150–300 mg), which included grade ≥3 laboratory values for anemia, absolute neutrophil count decreased, and platelet count decreased; any grade ≥3 treatment‐emergent adverse event (TEAE); and dose reductions and dose interruptions due to TEAEs. A slightly positive relationship was observed between unbound exposure and efficacy endpoints. A steeper relationship was observed in safety endpoints, compared with efficacy. Candidate covariate effects, except intercepts of the baseline laboratory values, were regularized via spike and slab priors in a Bayesian framework; only the laboratory values for corresponding hematologic TEAEs were shown to be of substantial impact. The target exposure range was established by defining a modified region of practical equivalence (184–887 ng·h/mL), which was expected to provide satisfactory efficacy and acceptable safety within the range of available exposure data. The simulated exposure range considering inter‐individual variability showed that 200 mg could reach target exposure in the overall population and across subpopulations of interest, supporting the use of valemetostat 200 mg in patients with ATLL.
Structural elucidation of tramadol, its derivatives, and metabolites using chemical derivatization and liquid chromatography–high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Shamai Yamin Tamar , Shifrovitch Avital , Madmon Moran , Prihed Hagit , Weissberg Avi 
Published: August 2024

RationaleTramadol (T) is a strong painkiller drug that belongs to the opioid analgesic group. Several accidental intoxication cases after oral administration of T have been reported in the past decade. Tramadol, its derivatives, and metabolites present information‐limited mass spectra with one prominent peak representing the amine‐containing residue; therefore, their structural determination based on both electron impact mass spectrometry (EI‐MS) and ESI‐MS/MS spectra could be misleading.MethodsA novel analytical method for the structural elucidation of tramadol, its four homologs, and its two main phase I metabolites (N‐desmethyltramadol and O‐desmethyltramadol) was developed using chemical modification and liquid chromatography–high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐HR‐MS/MS) with Orbitrap technology.ResultsAfter chemical derivatization, each of the investigated T series exhibited informative mass spectra that enabled better exposition of their structures. The developed method was successfully implemented to explicitly identify the structures of tramadol and its N‐desmethyltramadol metabolite in urine samples at low ng/mL levels.ConclusionsAn efficient derivatization‐aided strategy was developed for rapidly elucidating the structure of tramadol‐like compounds. The method is intended to assist forensic chemists in better diagnosing T and its analogs and metabolites in clinical or forensic toxicology laboratories.
Thermal alterations of hydro power: Modelling the effect on growth of juvenile salmonids
Authors: L'Abée‐Lund Jan Henning , Sægrov Harald , Skoglund Helge , Ugedal Ola , Vøllestad Leif Asbjørn 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHydropower (HP) has become the most important renewable energy source worldwide during the last century. However, the impacts on aquatic ecosystems may be considerable. In the Northern Hemisphere, salmonid fishes are often affected by hydropower‐related temperature alterations. As their metabolic processes are entirely dependent on water temperature, they are strongly affected when the HP development reduces the water temperature during summer by extracting water from below the thermocline of upstream reservoirs. We investigated juvenile growth of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and brown trout S. trutta in six Norwegian rivers where hydropower has considerably reduced the water temperature during summer. We used observed mass of 1+ juveniles sampled upstream and downstream the tailrace of the hydropower plant and compared these with simulated mass of 1+ juveniles based on daily recorded water temperatures and a bioenergetics model. Establishment of reservoirs have led to reduced growth of juveniles of both species on river reaches downstream HP tailraces. The hydropower development significantly altered the temperature regimes with the downstream reaches having lower temperatures than upstream reaches. Both observed and predicted masses of 1+ juveniles of both species were also lower downstream than upstream. Predicted mass were more similar to the observed mass for Atlantic salmon than for brown trout, indicating that the bioenergetics model for brown trout is not optimal.
Skewed Artificial Intelligence: Flagging Embedded Cultural Practices in Children's Stories Featuring “Alice and Sparkle”
Authors: Wandera David B. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe live in an age of artificial intelligence (AI). Open AI, an American artificial intelligence organization, claims that generative chatbots are here to stay. Although computer technology remains unevenly distributed, the presence of AI continues to be felt in many areas of daily life. Further, AI development happens in few countries whose cultural practices and beliefs tend to be embedded in AI output and functionality. Western and Global North perspectives tend to dominate conversations about AI. How might AI technology function equitably in an ethno‐racially and linguistically diverse world? This paper explores intersections of technology, coloniality, and bias to contextualize the user‐experience for individuals in groups characterized as high, medium, and low‐resourced languages. For whom does AI function in our globalizing world? Engaging with this question through a languacultural (Agar, 1994) lens, I employ a language and culture perspective to guide inquiry into AI’s output and impact, based on a children’s storybook. Specifically, I deploy Kenyan, Indonesian, and Taiwanese languacultural perspectives of three participants in a culturally cognizant reading (Washington, 2023) of a product of chatbot‐human composing, ‘Alice and Sparkle’, a children’s book illustrated by MidJourney and co‐authored by ChatGPT and Ammaar Reshi. Overall, through scrutiny of encoded cultural tropes and values inscribed within text and images, this paper proposes considerations for literacy pedagogy and research that stem from a pursuit of inclusive AI.
Development of a questionnaire on teachers' beliefs, preparedness, and instructional practices for teaching NGSS science with multilingual learners
Authors: Grapin Scott E. , Plumley Courtney , Banilower Eric , Sterenberg Mahon Alycia J. , Craven Laura , Malzahn Kristen , Pasley Joan , Schwenger Abigail , Haas Alison , Lee Okhee 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe limited availability of research instruments that reflect the vision of the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) restricts the field's understanding of whether and how teachers are making instructional shifts called for by the standards. The need for such instruments is particularly urgent with teachers of multilingual learners (MLs), who are called on to make shifts in how they think about and enact instruction related to both science and language. The purpose of this study was to develop and gather validity evidence for a questionnaire that measures elementary teachers' beliefs, preparedness, and instructional practices for teaching NGSS science with MLs. We report on the development of the questionnaire over three phases that elicited multiple sources of validity evidence: (a) domain specification and expert review, (b) item writing and cognitive interviews, and (c) piloting and final item selection. Data included feedback from experts in science and language domains, cognitive interviews with 48 teachers, and a pilot with 310 teachers. Results indicated that the questionnaire differentiates among teachers with different levels of the underlying constructs and also that teachers' scores relate to their characteristics (e.g., familiarity with the NGSS). We highlight two implications for emerging research on NGSS‐based instrumentation: (a) the difficulty of communicating with teachers about science and language instructional shifts while teachers are still developing their understanding of such shifts and (b) the potential of emerging NGSS‐based instruments to inform professional development. We close with future directions for our research project specifically and the field of science education broadly.
Can Africa–China cooperation influence African green growth to truly alleviate undernourishment? Evidence of the quadruple mediating effect
Authors: Ben Amara Dhekra , Qiao Jiajun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractClimate change has significantly threatened the global economy and increased the risk of food insecurity. Despite humanitarian efforts, African countries continue to face huge challenges related to global warming and deep undernourishment to reach a sustainable future. In this respect, China and Africa engage in bilateral exchanges to overcome these difficulties. However, exploring sustainable partnerships between China and Africa is a complicated and multifaceted topic, notably in the green economy and treating undernourishment, which needs more pertinence scientific research. Accordingly, this paper aims to explore the combined effect of eco‐innovation, Chinese investment, and trade on green growth while simultaneously addressing the issues of undernourishment in the context of Africa–China cooperation. This study applies the generalized method of moments (GMM) to analyze a sample of 26 African countries over 11 years. This paper finds that eco‐innovations and FDI positively impact green growth, with p‐values below .046. The study reveals that Chinese exports have a detrimental effect on green growth, with p‐values below .033. This paper shows that green growth has a positive impact on undernourishment. This research finds a quadruple mediating effect of green growth between its driving factors and undernourishment. Therefore, our findings demonstrated that China's growing involvement in Africa, mainly through exporting natural resources, is likely to impede the attainment of sustainable development goals. However, countries can still gain from FDI and import sustainable products from China. Lastly, policymakers must consider the importance of the increasing interaction between China and Africa to achieve sustainable growth and reduce undernourishment.
Mesogen Organizations in Nematic Liquid Crystal Elastomers Under Different Deformation Conditions
Authors: Chung Christopher , Jiang Huan , Yu Kai 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLiquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) exhibit unique mechanical properties of soft elasticity and reversible shape‐changing behaviors, and so serve as potentially transformative materials for various protective and actuation applications. This study contributes to filling a critical knowledge gap in the field by investigating the microscale mesogen organization of nematic LCEs with diverse macroscopic deformation. A polarized Fourier transform infrared light spectroscopy (FTIR) tester is utilized to examine the mesogen organizations, including both the nematic director and mesogen order parameter. Three types of material deformation are analyzed: uniaxial tension, simple shear, and bi‐axial tension, which are all commonly encountered in practical designs of LCEs. By integrating customized loading fixtures into the FTIR tester, mesogen organizations are examined across varying magnitudes of strain levels for each deformation mode. Their relationships with macroscopic stress responses are revealed and compared with predictions from existing theories. Furthermore, this study reveals unique features of mesogen organizations that have not been previously reported, such as simultaneous evolutions of the mesogen order parameter and nematic director in simple shear and bi‐axial loading conditions. Overall, the findings presented in this study offer significant new insights for future rational designs, modeling, and applications of LCE materials.
Carbon Thin‐Film Electrodes as High‐Performing Substrates for Correlative Single Entity Electrochemistry
Authors: Cabré Marc Brunet , Schröder Christian , Pota Filippo , de Oliveira Maida A. Costa , Nolan Hugo , Henderson Lua , Brazel Laurence , Spurling Dahnan , Nicolosi Valeria , Martinuz Pietro , Longhi Mariangela , Amargianou Faidra , Bärmann Peer , Petit Tristan , McKelvey Kim , Colavita Paula E. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCorrelative methods to characterize single entities by electrochemistry and microscopy/spectroscopy are increasingly needed to elucidate structure‐function relationships of nanomaterials. However, the technical constraints often differ depending on the characterization techniques to be applied in combination. One of the cornerstones of correlative single‐entity electrochemistry (SEE) is the substrate, which needs to achieve a high conductivity, low roughness, and electrochemical inertness. This work shows that graphitized sputtered carbon thin films constitute excellent electrodes for SEE while enabling characterization with scanning probe, optical, electron, and X‐ray microscopies. Three different correlative SEE experiments using nanoparticles, nanocubes, and 2D Ti3C2Tx MXene materials are reported to illustrate the potential of using carbon thin film substrates for SEE characterization. The advantages and unique capabilities of SEE correlative strategies are further demonstrated by showing that electrochemically oxidized Ti3C2Tx MXene display changes in chemical bonding and electrolyte ion distribution.
Innovative Synthesis of Au Nanoparticle‐Trapped Flexible Macrocrystals: Achieving Stable Black Crystal Wires with Broadband Absorption
Authors: Hu Jiuyi , Zheng Shaohui , Xu Jiayu , Feng Ri , Li Tingting , Wang Ting , Zhang Weina , Liu Wenjing , Saleem Faisal 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn optical materials, the development of absorbers for a wide spectrum is a focal point of research. A pivotal challenge lies in ensuring the stability and durability of optical absorbers, particularly at elevated temperatures. This study introduces a novel approach to creating absorbers with diverse colors, focusing on the synthesis and properties of black crystal wires. In contrast to black gold nanoparticle (Au NP) precipitates, which change color within hours under similar conditions, the method involves strategically trapping Au NPs within defects during the growth of single crystals. This results in black crystal wires that not only exhibit broadband absorption but also maintain exceptional stability even under prolonged exposure to high temperatures. The method also involves the controlled synthesis of colorless and red crystal wires. As a proof of concept, these stable black Au crystal wires demonstrate superior performance in photothermal conversion applications. The methodology, derived from the crystal growth process, presents a defect template that offers a novel approach to material design. Furthermore, these unique crystals, available in various colors, hold significant promise for a range of unexplored applications.
Making Switches: Key Strategic Decisions When Moving From a Local, Independent Operator to a Wholly Owned Subsidiary
Authors: Petersen Bent , Benito Gabriel R. G. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTEntering a foreign market entails making the important mode decision of how to operate there. But the initial mode choice is not always forever and may be reassessed as business circumstances change. The mode shifting process—that is, how switches from one mode to another unfold—has scarcely been described, so we lack a systematic outline of this process. In this article, we take a first step toward such an outline. Adopting the established distinction between the formation and implementation phases of strategy making and execution, we describe the critical strategic decisions managers need to make about how to carry out a mode switch. Regarding the formation phases, we discuss the identification and consideration of entry mode switches as viable options, and whether companies plan or not for such shifts. Regarding the implementation phases, we differentiate between the integrating and collaborating decisions that define the type of switches made by companies.