bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foraging and Growth Potential of Juvenile Chinook Salmon after Tidal Restoration of a Large River Delta
Authors: David Aaron T. , Ellings Christopher S. , Woo Isa , Simenstad Charles A. , Takekawa John Y. , Turner Kelley L. , Smith Ashley L. , Takekawa Jean E. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe evaluated whether restoring tidal flow to previously diked estuarine wetlands also restores foraging and growth opportunities for juvenile Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. Several studies have assessed the value of restored tidal wetlands for juvenile Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp., but few have used integrative measures of salmon performance, such as habitat‐specific growth potential, to evaluate restoration. Our study took place in the Nisqually River delta, Washington, where recent dike removals restored tidal flow to 364 ha of marsh—the largest tidal marsh restoration project in the northwestern contiguous United States. We sampled fish assemblages, water temperatures, and juvenile Chinook Salmon diet composition and consumption rates in two restored and two reference tidal channels during a 3‐year period after restoration; these data were used as inputs to a bioenergetics model to compare Chinook Salmon foraging performance and growth potential between the restored and reference channels. We found that foraging performance and growth potential of juvenile Chinook Salmon were similar between restored and reference tidal channels. However, Chinook Salmon densities were significantly lower in the restored channels than in the reference channels, and growth potential was more variable in the restored channels due to their more variable and warmer (2°C) water temperatures. These results indicate that some—but not all—ecosystem attributes that are important for juvenile Pacific salmon can recover rapidly after large‐scale tidal marsh restoration.Received April 23, 2014; accepted July 9, 2014
A Market Model of Eastern Bering Sea Alaska Pollock: Sensitivity to Fluctuations in Catch and Some Consequences of the American Fisheries Act
Authors: Strong James W. , Criddle Keith R. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
A simultaneous-equation equilibrium model of domestic and international markets for fillets, surimi, and roe of Alaska pollock (i.e., Walleye Pollock Gadus chalcogrammus) is used to examine the combined effect of variability in landings and changes in product mix on first wholesale prices and revenues. From the commencement of Americanization in the mid-1970s through the joint venture era of the 1980s and following full Americanization in early 1990s, U.S. producers of Alaska pollock focused mainly on selling surimi and roe to Japan. Passage of the American Fisheries Act of 1998 (AFA) unleashed an economic transformation that more than doubled fishery revenues without increasing exploitation rates or catches. The increased value came about because freedom from the race for fish allowed fishers and processors to increase product quality, improve product recovery rates, diversify their mix of product forms, and develop new markets in the USA and Europe. Despite the size and importance of the Alaska pollock fishery—among U.S. fisheries, it consistently ranks number one by volume and in the top five by value—little attention has been given to the development of a formal model of Alaska pollock markets or the market impacts of the AFA. The results of the model indicate that first wholesale revenues are maximized when harvests are maximized, but the value of the harvest is particularly sensitive to changes in the demand for Alaska pollock harvested in Russian waters, price differentials between fillet and surimi, and Japanese inventories of Alaska pollock products. Comparative static simulations comparing pre- and post-AFA fishery product recovery rates and product mix indicate revenues would have increased by 62% from 1998 to 2007.
Received June 21, 2013; accepted July 1, 2014
The Effects of Rearing Density on Growth, Fin Erosion, Survival, and Migration Behavior of Hatchery Winter Steelhead
Authors: Kavanagh Maureen , Olson Douglas E 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Juvenile winter steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss at Eagle Creek National Fish Hatchery in Estacada, Oregon, were reared for three brood years (2004–2006) at raceway densities of 7,500 (214 fish/m3), 15,000 (429 fish/m3), and 22,500 fish (643 fish/m3) to determine the effects of rearing density on growth, fin erosion, survival, adult yield, and migration behavior. Coded wire tags were used to evaluate adult survival, and fish were radio-tagged to monitor migration times from the hatchery to the mouth of Eagle Creek following volitional release from the hatchery. We found rearing density had a significant effect (P &lt; 0.05) on steelhead growth, fin erosion, and adult survival. Winter steelhead reared in low-density raceways (13.6 kg/m3 at release) were significantly larger at release, larger at return, had significantly better dorsal fin condition, and had significantly greater smolt-to-adult survival rates than did those reared in medium (23.4 kg/m3) and high (35.2 kg/m3) density raceways. No significant relationship between smolt size at release and migration timing was detected; however, the effect of rearing density on fish migration was noticeable in brood year 2004. In that year (2004), smolts from the medium- and high-density groups took from 6 to15 d longer to out-migrate than those from the low-density group.
Rainbow Trout Rearing Performance, Intestinal Morphology, and Immune Response after Long-term Feeding of High Levels of Fermented Soybean Meal
Authors: Barnes Michael E , Brown Michael L , Bruce Timothy , Sindelar Scott , Neiger Regg 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The incorporation of PepSoyGen (PSG), a commercially produced fermented soybean meal product, was evaluated in a 205-d feeding trial. Three isonitrogenous and isocaloric experimental diets containing 0, 35, or 50% PSG and 40, 15, and 0% fish meal, respectively, were fed to Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. The diets containing either 0% or 35% PSG produced similar total tank weight gains, percent gains, and feed conversion ratios and were significantly different from the diets containing 50% PSG at the end of the trial. Mean individual fish lengths and weights were significantly greater in the fish receiving 35% PSG than either of the other two diets. Specific growth rate (SGR) was significantly lower in the 50% PSG treatment, but there was no significant difference in SGR between the other two diets. Viscerosomatic index was significantly lower in the fish fed 35% PSG. Hepatosomatic index was not significantly different among the diets, but fish receiving 50% PSG had a significantly poorer liver condition scores. No other significant differences were observed in health assessments of fat, fin condition, gills, pseudobranchs, opercles, eyes, guts, kidneys, or spleens. Significant differences were observed in distal intestine morphology among the diets at day 94, but no differences were observed at the end of the trial on day 205. Splenosomatic index, macrophage activity, and respiratory burst activity were not significantly different among the dietary treatments. Based on these results, PSG can safely constitute 35% of Rainbow Trout diets without any decrease in rearing performance compared with a reference blend containing fish meal.
Evaluation of Porous, Geotextile Liners for Erosion Control in Small Aquaculture Ponds
Authors: Saengrungruang Puttitorn , Boyd Claude E 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Two geotextile liners, one with 0.090-mm openings and the other with 0.355-mm openings, were each installed in three 0.04-ha earthen ponds at the E. W. Shell Fisheries Center, Auburn, Alabama. Geotextile liners did not tear or decay during the 2-year study, and they prevented erosion of pond bottoms compared with three unlined ponds. However, the liners with 0.090-mm openings floated up into the water column in all three ponds, while the other liner floated up in one pond. Production, survival, and feed conversion ratio for hybrid catfish (♀ Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus×♂ Blue Catfish I. furcatus) did not differ (P &gt; 0.05) among control and lined ponds. Phytoplankton abundance as estimated by chlorophyll a concentration was greater in lined ponds—especially in those lined with the less permeable geotextile—than in control ponds. This difference was attributed to differences in phosphorus uptake by bottom soil among lined and control ponds. Control ponds had higher turbidity than lined ponds in spite of greater chlorophyll a concentration in the lined ponds. This was the result of sediment resuspension by aeration in the unlined ponds. In laboratory tests, geotextiles with openings of 0.090–0.840 mm did not allow normal exchange of phosphorus between soil and water. Nevertheless, if the floating problem could be solved, porous geotextiles should be given further consideration for erosion control in small ponds and possibly in intensive, heterotrophic floc systems for commercial culture of marine shrimp and a few other species. They probably are too expensive for use in large ponds for green-water culture of fish and shrimp.
Performance of Two Egg Collector Designs for Use with Mummichogs
Authors: Janiak Courtnay R , McIntosh Dennis 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The Mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus is a popular marine baitfish in the species’ natural range along the east coast of North America from Florida to the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Interest in commercial culture of Mummichogs has grown over the last two decades, but little research has been conducted to examine species-specific culture techniques; thus, Mummichog culture has not advanced. Our objectives were to evaluate the performance of two egg collectors designed to mimic the structures of natural substrates and to maximize labor efficiency. A tray-style collector (TSC) and a disk-style collector (DSC) were both placed in each of six 5,000-L tanks stocked with approximately 700 adult Mummichogs of both sexes. The numbers of eggs collected, fertilized eggs, and viable larvae that hatched as well as the time required to rinse collectors during each biweekly collection were compared between the two designs. Over the 8-week study, there was no significant difference between designs in terms of the number of eggs collected or the total rinse time. However, the percentage of unfertilized eggs collected was twice as high for TSCs (mean ± SD = 8.53 ± 0.59%) than for DSCs (4.42 ± 0.36%). Additionally, larval yield was significantly higher for DSCs (79.10 ± 12.93%) than for TSCs (72.63 ± 13.95%). Based on these results, we conclude that both designs are efficient at collecting Mummichog eggs and that the DSC is the more advantageous design for maximizing fertilization rate and larval yield.
A Portable Freshwater Closed-System Fish Egg Incubation System
Authors: Sutherland Jenny L , Manny Bruce A , Kennedy Gregory , Roseman Edward F , Allen Jeffrey , Black M Glen 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
To identify fish eggs collected in the field to species, a portable closed-system fish egg incubation system was designed and used to incubate and hatch the eggs in the laboratory. The system is portable, small in scale (2.54 × 1.52 × 2.03 m), and affordable, with the approximate cost of the system being US$8,300 (2012). The main tank is 678 L and holds a battery of up to 21 (egg) incubation jars. The system includes three independent water pumping systems to (1) provide aerated water to hatching jars, (2) filter and sterilize incubation water, and (3) provide temperature-controlled water in the main tank bath and the incubation jars. The system was successfully used to incubate freshwater fish eggs to raise resulting larvae to the post-yolk-sac stage for three seasons (spring 2012, spring 2013, and fall 2013) over two consecutive years, at two different locations, enabling us to identify fish eggs to species by providing identifiable fish larvae from incubated fish eggs.
Leucine Affects Growth and Hepatic Growth-Related Factor Gene Expression in Japanese Amberjack Seriola quinqueradiata
Authors: Kawanago M , Takemura S , Ishizuka R , Kousaka T , Shioya I 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
We examined the effect of dietary supplementation of leucine on body weight and hepatic insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and IGF-binding protein (IGFBP) gene expression in juvenile Japanese Amberjack Seriola quinqueradiata. Crystalline leucine was dissolved in deionized water and added to the basal diet. Deionized water only was added to the basal diet as a control. The dietary concentration of free leucine was 0.03, 0.85, and 2.43 g/100 g diet for the control, 1% leucine-supplemented, and 3% leucine-supplemented diets, respectively. A growth trial was conducted for 77 d, after which the body weight was measured and the fish were then fasted for 3 d and refed. At 3, 9, and 24 h after refeeding, the liver and muscle were dissected for gene expression analysis. The mean body weight significantly increased in the 1% leucine-supplemented group during the growth trial. The expression of hepatic IGBFP-1 significantly increased at 3 and 9 h after refeeding in the leucine-supplemented groups. The expression of hepatic IGF1 significantly decreased at 9 h and that of IGF2 significantly decreased at 9 and 24 h after refeeding in the 3% leucine-supplemented group. The expression of hepatic IGFBP-2, IGFBP-3, and IGFBP-5 were similar among the groups and were only affected by feeding time. In conclusion, we demonstrated for the first time that leucine supplementation increases body weight and influences the hepatic growth factor system in Japanese Amberjack.
Let's dance – feel better! Mood changes following dancing in different situations
Authors: Zajenkowski Marcin , Jankowski Konrad S. , Kołata Daria 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn the present study, we examined mood changes following dancing. Previous works suggested that contextual factors may influence affective states; it has been shown that changes in mood following competition differ from those following recreational exercise. The study has been conducted in Warsaw, Poland. Mood was assessed before and after dance activity in three groups of ballroom dancers: recreational (n = 32) and competitive (n = 38) dancers doing ordinary training and competitive dancers taking part in a dance competition (n = 35). We observed a moderately positive change in recreational dancers doing ordinary training; they reported higher energetic arousal (EA) and hedonic tone (HT) and lower tense arousal (TA) after dance activity. In comparison dancers taking part in a competition were higher on TA before dancing and felt less pleasure after dancing than recreational and competitive dancers doing ordinary training; HT, TA and EA moderately decreased during competition. In general, the current study suggests that dance can elicit changes in mood; however, situational context has to be taken into consideration when explaining the influence of dance on mood.
Optimal Sequential Plantings of Corn and Soybeans Under Price Uncertainty
Authors: Livingston Michael , Roberts Michael J. , Zhang Yue 
Published: October 2014

AbstractOptimal crop choice and fertilizer applications depend on the stochastic dynamics of commodity prices, fertilizer prices, and the agronomic effects of rotation versus monoculture. The efficient decision rule accounts for real option values associated with maintaining land disposition in an environment with highly uncertain future prices and irreversible past planting decisions. We parameterize a baseline model for a representative acre in Iowa and compare the model's predictions and profits to relatively naive, shorter horizon decision rules, and a field managed with optimal fertilizer applications conditional on corn and soybeans always being rotated. We also examine the effects of a permanently larger premium on corn prices relative to soybean prices, which has been observed in locations near recently established ethanol plants. We then compare the various decision rules to actual crop choices in a panel of over 6,500 Iowa plots during 1979–2007. As compared to less forward‐looking objectives, we find the agronomic benefits of rotations coupled with real option values can lead to a more inelastic response of planting decisions to both transitory and permanent price changes. Always rotating, regardless of prices, is close to optimal, but so are shorter‐horizon objectives. One implication is that reduced corn monoculture and fertilizer application rates might be implemented with modest incentive payments of $4 per acre or less.
Seismic attenuation: effects of interfacial impedance on wave-induced pressure diffusion
Authors: Qi Qiaomu , Müller Tobias M. , Rubino J. Germán 
Published: October 2014

AbstractSeismic attenuation and dispersion in layered sedimentary structures are often interpreted in terms of the classical White model for wave-induced pressure diffusion across the layers. However, this interlayer flow is severely dependent on the properties of the interface separating two layers. This interface behaviour can be described by a pressure jump boundary condition involving a non-vanishing interfacial impedance. In this paper, we incorporate the interfacial impedance into the White model by solving a boundary value problem in the framework of quasi-static poroelasticity. We show that the White model predictions for attenuation and dispersion substantially change. These changes can be attributed to petrophysically plausible scenarios such as imperfect hydraulic contacts or the presence of capillarity.
Testing primordial non-Gaussianities on galactic scales at high redshift
Authors: Habouzit Mélanie , Nishimichi Takahiro , Peirani Sébastien , Mamon Gary A. , Silk Joseph , Chevallard Jacopo 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Primordial non-Gaussianities provide an important test of inflationary models. Although the Planck cosmic microwave background experiment has produced strong limits on non-Gaussianity on scales of clusters, there is still room for considerable non-Gaussianity on galactic scales. We have tested the effect of local non-Gaussianity on the high-redshift galaxy population by running five cosmological N-body simulations down to z = 6.5. For these simulations, we adopt the same initial phases, and either Gaussian or scale-dependent non-Gaussian primordial fluctuations, all consistent with the constraints set by Planck on cluster scales. We then assign stellar masses to each halo using the halo–stellar mass empirical relation of Behroozi et al. Our simulations with non-Gaussian initial conditions produce halo mass functions that show clear departures from those obtained from the analogous simulations with Gaussian initial conditions at z ≳ 10. We observe a &gt;0.3 dex enhancement of the low end of the halo mass function, which leads to a similar effect on the galaxy stellar mass function, which should be testable with future galaxy surveys at z &gt; 10. As cosmic reionization is thought to be driven by dwarf galaxies at high redshift, our findings may have implications for the reionization history of the Universe.
Orbital period of Swift J1816.7–1613 revealed by the Swift Burst Alert Telescope
Authors: La Parola V. , Segreto A. , Cusumano G. , Masetti N. , D'Aì A. , Melandri A. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT
We have analysed the Swift data relevant to the high-mass X-ray binary Swift J1816.7–1613. The timing analysis of the Burst Alert Telescope survey data unveiled a modulation at a period of P0 = 118.5 ± 0.8 d, which we interpret as the orbital period of the X-ray binary system. The modulation is the result of a sequence of bright flares, lasting ∼30 d, separated by long quiescence intervals. This behaviour is suggestive of a Be binary system, where periodic or quasi-periodic outbursts are the consequence of an enhancement of the accretion flow from the companion star at the periastron passage. The position of Swift J1816.7–1613 on the Corbet diagram strengthens this hypothesis. The broad-band 0.2–150 keV spectrum is well modelled with a strongly absorbed power law with a flat photon index Γ ∼ 0.2 and a cut-off at ∼10 keV.
Functional Significance of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Lactase Gene in Diverse US Patients and Evidence for a Novel Lactase Persistence Allele at −13909 in Those of European Ancestry
Authors: Baffour‐Awuah Nana Yaa , Fleet Sarah , Montgomery Robert K. , Baker Susan S. , Butler Johannah L. , Campbell Catarina , Tischfield Samuel , Mitchell Paul D. , Allende‐Richter Sophie , Moon Jennifer E. , Fishman Laurie , Bousvaros Athos , Fox Victor , Kuokkanen Mikko , Grand Richard J. , Hirschhorn Joel N. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTObjectives:Recent data from mainly homogeneous European and African populations implicate a 140‐bp region 5′ to the transcriptional start site of LCT (the lactase gene) as a regulatory site for lactase persistence and nonpersistence. Because there are no studies of US nonhomogeneous populations, we performed genotype/phenotype analysis of the −13910 and −22018 LCT single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in New England children, mostly of European ancestry.Methods:Duodenal biopsies were processed for disaccharidase activities, RNA quantification by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), allelic expression ratios by PCR, and genotyping and SNP analysis. Results were compared with clinical information.Results:Lactase activity and mRNA levels, and sucrase‐to‐lactase ratios of enzyme activity and mRNA, showed robust correlations with genotype. None of the other LCT SNPs showed as strong a correlation with enzyme or mRNA levels as did −13910. Data were consistent, with the −13910 being the causal sequence variant instead of −22018. Four individuals heterozygous for −13910T/C had allelic expression patterns similar to individuals with −13910C/C genotypes; of these, 2 showed equal LCT expression from the 2 alleles and a novel variant (−13909C>A) associated with lactase persistence.Conclusions:The identification of −13910C/C genotype is likely to predict lactase nonpersistence, consistent with prior published studies. A −13910T/T genotype will frequently, but not perfectly, predict lactase persistence in this mixed European‐ancestry population; a −13910T/C genotype will not predict the phenotype. A long, rare haplotype in 2 individuals with −13910T/C genotype but equal allele‐specific expression contains a novel lactase persistence allele present at −13909.