bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impairment of Innate Immunity and Depletion of Vaccine‐Induced Memory B and T Cells in the Absence of the Spleen
Authors: Bordoni Veronica , Cinicola Bianca Laura , Piano Mortari Eva , Castilletti Concetta , Guarracino Federica , Albano Christian , Accordini Silvia , Baban Anwar , Di Sabatino Antonio , Rossi Carlo Maria , Lenti Marco Vincenzo , Zicari Anna Maria , Cirelli Riccardo , Spada Marco , Forni Gian Luca , Quinti Isabella , Algeri Mattia , Casale Maddalena , Perrotta Silverio , Locatelli Franco , Agrati Chiara , Carsetti Rita 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTSplenectomy or congenital asplenia is associated with severe reduction of memory B cells and increased risk of fulminant sepsis by encapsulated bacteria. Current guidelines recommend vaccinations against these pathogens before or after splenectomy, but the longevity of immunity acquired after splenectomy has not been determined. The impact of splenectomy on innate immune cells is unknown. We analyzed frequency, differentiation stage, and function of innate and adaptive immunity in the peripheral blood of adult (n = 41) and pediatric (n = 14) patients splenectomized or born asplenic and in spleens of solid organ donors. The absence of the spleen impacts the B‐cell compartment, causing a significant increase of circulating immature transitional and depletion of memory B cells. Using SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination as a model, we show that 1 year after the last immunization, despite normal levels of neutralizing antibodies, memory B and T cells were significantly reduced. Analysis of post‐pandemic spleens shows that spike‐specific memory B and T cells homed to the spleen. We also show a previously unrecognized role of the spleen in the homeostasis of innate NK and Vδ2 T cells. These populations showed altered phenotype and impaired function in the adults, but not in children, suggesting that other tissues may support innate cell development during early life. The reduced function of innate lymphocytes must be considered as an additional immune impairment and risk factor. These findings emphasize the spleen's irreplaceable role in maintaining immune memory across all ages and suggest that its absence contributes to dysfunctions of innate and adaptive immunity in adults.
Nickel(II) Complexes of Benzoylpyridine Diaminoguanidinedihydrazone via In Situ One‐Pot Method: Structural, Spectral, and Catalytic Studies
Authors: Hashim K. K. Mohammed , Nishana Lahinakillathu , Kurup M. R. Prathapachandra , Sakthivel Ayyamperumal , Manoj E. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTSeven Ni(II) complexes (1–7) designed from a new nitrogen‐rich ligand 1,3‐bis(phenyl(pyridin‐2‐yl)methylideneamino)guanidine hydrochloride (H3L‧ HCl) are reported. The complexes were synthesized using in situ one‐pot method and characterized by elemental analyses, FT‐IR, Far‐IR, electronic solution‐phase spectra, solid‐state electronic diffuse reflectance spectra (UV‐DRS), conductivity measurements, and room temperature magnetic moment calculations. The structures of H3L‧ HCl and complex 7 were confirmed via SCXRD analysis. Additionally, complex 4 on crystallization yielded a new mononuclear complex, [Ni(H2L)]Cl‧ 2H2O (4a), which was confirmed by SCXRD analysis. The molecular packing of the compounds is affected by the counter anions and stabilized by various noncovalent interactions within the crystal lattice, which were analyzed quantitatively by Hirshfeld surface analysis. The band gaps of the compounds indicate semiconductor characteristics, which were evaluated experimentally and subsequently analyzed by DFT calculations. The catalytic investigation reveals that the Ni(II) complex 7 facilitates a cinnamyl alcohol conversion of 90% with a selectivity of 92% for cinnamaldehyde under the optimal reaction conditions of 80°C for 24 h, employing TBHP in decane as the oxidizing agent. Similarly, all other complexes are also found to exhibit comparable conversions in the range of 81%–91% under optimal conditions. Furthermore, in silico molecular docking studies demonstrated the binding affinity of the ligand and complex 4 with SARS‐CoV‐2 main protease active site (Mpro), which makes them suitable candidates for further biological exploration.
Thermoreversible Nitrile Rubber Based on the Dual Role of Zinc Chloride
Authors: Dai Zi Wei , Wang Xiao Ping 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTA strategy for the preparation of thermoreversible nitrile rubber is demonstrated by introducing zinc chloride into sulfur‐cured nitrile rubber to form metal coordination bonds, thereby constructing a dynamic double‐crosslinking network as a potential solution for the severe environmental burden. In this study, the crosslinking structure and the mechanism of reprocessing are investigated by X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy, revealing that the crosslinking network is formed by monosulfide bonds, disulfide bonds, polysulfide bonds, and Zn2+‐cyanide coordination bonds generated from zinc chloride that interact with the cyano groups on the nitrile rubber. Zinc chloride plays a dual role during the reprocessing process. On one hand, it participates in the cleavage/recombination of Zn2+‐cyanide coordination bonds. On the other hand, it catalyzes the disulfide exchange reaction in the sulfur crosslinking system, enabling the recycled nitrile rubber to possess recyclability. Due to the double‐crosslinking structure accompanied by the dual role of zinc chloride, nitrile rubber exhibits superior mechanical properties and impressive recyclability. The tensile strength and elongation at break of the double‐crosslinking nitrile rubber reach 5.59 MPa and 387%, respectively, stronger than those of sulfur‐cured nitrile rubber, maintaining 116.5% and 115.0% after the recycling process.
Expert consensus on Rezūm™: Indications, surgical technique and postoperative care
Authors: Alcina Emilio López , Arjona Manuel Fernández , Guzmán Ester Fernández , Zuazu Jorge Rioja , Jochamowitz Iván Schwartzman 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundLower urinary tract symptoms associated to benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH) is a growing condition in males associated to a high clinical, economic and humanistic burden. Currently, there is a wide range of therapeutic options, both pharmacological and surgical. In recent years, several minimally invasive therapies have emerged, but they still have limitations. In this context, water vapour thermal therapy (WVTT), Rezüm™, is a new minimally invasive surgical technique with a low retreatment rate and the ability to preserve sexual function. The objective of this study is to establish recommendations for the correct execution of WVTT, as well as to define the ideal patient profile for the intervention.MethodsA literature search was conducted in PubMed, without date limitations, using the terms ‘benign prostatic hyperplasia’, ‘benign prostatic enlargement’, ‘prostatic hyperplasia’, ‘bph’, ‘Rezūm’, ‘water vapour thermal therapy’, ‘quality of life’ and ‘HRQOL’. A systematic review of the evidence was conducted and subsequently discussed in a face‐to‐face meeting with a panel of five experts in the field of urology. The aspects addressed were classified into patient profile, pre‐intervention, intervention and post‐intervention.ResultsThe search returned 172 results, ultimately leading to the analysis of 49 articles. Evidence and expert opinion showed that WVTT could be a good option for patients with moderate to severe symptomatology, no age restriction, Qmax <15 mL/s and prostate volume greater than 30 cm3, but not necessarily less than 80 cm3. Low retreatment rate and low impact on erectile capacity and ejaculatory function were also demonstrated.ConclusionsWVTT is considered a safe treatment option, even as a first‐line approach for certain patient profiles. However, further research is needed in areas where evidence and clinical experience remain limited, including postoperative catheter management, anaesthesia, antibiotic prophylaxis and follow‐up care for patients after the procedure.
Wardrobe Renaissance—The Intersection of Circular Economy and Sustainable Fashion Consumption—From Bibliometric Analysis to a Conceptual Framework Model
Authors: Goel Radhika , Joshi Meha , Jayant Arvind 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study aims to conduct a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of research on circular economy and sustainable fashion consumption. By examining the existing literature, we seek to identify key predictors that influence consumer behaviour and adoption of sustainable fashion practices within a circular economy framework. Using a bibliometric approach, we will analyse a large dataset of scholarly publications to identify research trends, most productive countries and relevant sources. Through text mining techniques, we will extract keywords, co‐citation networks and citation analysis to uncover the most prominent predictors influencing sustainable fashion consumption. Drawing on prominent theories such as the Theory of Planned Behaviour, SHIFT model and Goal Framing Theory, we will draw up a conceptual model of potential predictors such as environmental awareness, trust, social influence, hedonic value and fashion consciousness. This study will contribute to a deeper understanding of the factors driving sustainable fashion consumption and provide valuable insights for policymakers, businesses and consumers. By identifying key predictors, we can develop more effective strategies to promote sustainable fashion practices and transition towards a circular economy.
Delivering Trio Germline Whole Genome Sequencing to Patients Newly Diagnosed With Childhood Cancer: Healthcare Professionals' Perspectives of the PREDICT Study
Authors: Hunter Jacqueline D. , Hetherington Kate , Wakefield Claire E. , Tucker Katherine M. , McGill Brittany C. , Grant Andrew , Fuentes‐Bolanos Noemi A. , Padhye Bhavna , Gleeson Margaret , Bhatia Kanika , Peate Michelle 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundGermline genomic sequencing (GS) is increasingly offered to children with cancer. To optimize integration into routine care, assessment of implementation barriers and a better understanding of healthcare professionals' perspectives and experiences are needed.MethodsHealthcare professionals delivered trio germline GS to newly diagnosed pediatric and adolescent patients with cancer via the PREDICT completed questionnaires with qualitative and quantitative items. Each study site recorded reasons for eligible families' nonenrolment in PREDICT to identify barriers to recruitment. Quantitative data were analyzed via descriptive statistics, whereas qualitative data underwent inductive content analysis, with results integrated for interpretation.ResultsThirty‐three healthcare professionals participated, including 23 oncology professionals and 10 genetic professionals. Healthcare professionals perceived PREDICT as beneficial to participating and future families, and that perceptions of personal benefit and altruism were drivers of family uptake. Concerns included workforce capacity and potential family distress given the trio design and high‐stress diagnosis setting. Barriers to recruitment related to clinical decision‐making, family factors, and logistics. Although most rated their genetics/genomics knowledge as “good,” regarding germline results, few were “very confident” interpreting (29%), explaining (32%), making treatment recommendations (9.7%), and providing psychosocial support to families (29%). They acknowledged a need for further training in these areas for trainees; yet, fewer were interested in training for themselves.ConclusionSuccessful implementation of routine germline GS will require targeted strategies to address logistical issues and alleviate potential negative psychosocial impacts for families. Recognizing the escalating demand on genetics experts, upskilling of the current workforce and involvement of a broader spectrum of healthcare professionals are warranted.
Optimizing Prognostic Assessment in High‐Risk Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas: The Impact of Tumor Budding and a Novel Histomorphological Scoring System
Authors: Knebel Moritz , Philipp Kühn Jan , Körner Sandrina , Braun Felix , Brust Lukas , Wemmert Silke , Smola Sigrun , Ertz Martin , Wagner Mathias , Schick Bernhard , Morris Luc G. T. , Linxweiler Maximilian , Klamminger Gilbert Georg 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundHead and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) pose significant clinical challenges, particularly in high‐risk cases with positive lymph node status. Current prognostic biomarkers are often costly and methodologically demanding. In this regard, histomorphological biomarkers such as tumor buds (TB) and poorly differentiated clusters (PDC) represent promising, cost‐effective prognostic indicators that are relatively straightforward to implement.MethodsThe prognostic significance of TB and PDC, in conjunction with stromal tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (sTILs) and the tumor‐stroma ratio (TSR), was evaluated in a cohort of 50 high‐risk, nodal‐positive HNSCC patients. Histomorphological features were assessed using standard hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, while HPV association and PD‐L1 expression were determined by means of immunohistochemistry (IHC) and/or PCR. All variables collected were subsequently correlated with traditional histopathological and clinical parameters. Finally, a novel scoring system incorporating TB and PDC was developed, and its association with overall survival (OS) was analyzed.ResultsTB and PDC both demonstrated a significant impact on patients' OS (TB Log‐rank test, p = 0.0499, PDC Log‐rank test, p = 0.0235). A novel scoring system based on these features had strong association with patients' OS (Log‐rank test, p = 0.0200) in contrast to the conventional and routinely performed grading system, which evaluates the degree of differentiation within neoplastic cells (Log‐rank test, p = 0.3325). PD‐L1 expression was not associated with TB and PDC formation. HPV‐negative status was associated with a higher number of tumor buds.ConclusionThis study reveals the potential prognostic value of TB and PDC in high‐risk HNSCC, which may offer a practical and cost‐effective alternative to traditional markers. Our proposed practicable and straightforward employable scoring system significantly correlates with OS, suggesting its potential benefit in clinical practice. These findings advocate for further validation to enhance prognostic accuracy and guide treatment strategies in HNSCC.
Improving Radiotherapy Plan Quality for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma With Enhanced UNet Dose Prediction
Authors: Jian Junming , Yuan Xingxing , Xu Longfei , Gong Changfei , Gong Xiaochang , Zhang Yun 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundIndividualized dose prediction is critical for optimizing radiation treatment planning. This study introduces DESIRE, an enhanced UNet‐based dose prediction model with progrEssive feature fuSion and dIfficult Region lEarning, tailored for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients receiving volumetric modulated arc therapy. We aimed to assess the impact of integrating DESIRE into the treatment planning process to improve plan quality.MethodsThis retrospective study included 131 NPC patients diagnosed at Jiangxi Cancer Hospital between 2017 and 2020. Twenty patients were randomly allocated to a testing cohort, while the remaining 111 comprised a training cohort. Target delineation included three planning target volumes (PTVs): PTV70, PTV60, and PTV55, along with several organs at risk (OARs). The DESIRE model predicted dose distributions, and discrepancies between DESIRE's predictions and the ground truth (GT) were quantified using dosimetric metrics and gamma pass rates. Two junior physicians used DESIRE's predictions for treatment planning, and their plans were compared to the GT.ResultsMost of DESIRE's predicted dosimetric metrics closely aligned with GT (mean difference < 1 Gy), with no significant differences (p > 0.05) in Dmean and D1 values across OARs. While significant differences were observed in PTV metrics, the mean differences in D98, D95, D50, and Dmean between DESIRE and GT did not exceed 1 Gy. Assisted by DESIRE, the junior physicians' plans were comparable to the GT in nearly all OARs, with no significant differences in dosimetric metrics. The conformity index (CI) and homogeneity index (HI) for PTV70 surpassed the GT (0.847 ± 0.036 vs. 0.827 ± 0.037 for CI, and 0.057 ± 0.009 vs. 0.052 ± 0.008 for HI). The average three‐dimensional gamma passing rates were 0.85 for PTV70 and 0.87 for the 35‐Gy isodose line.ConclusionsThe DESIRE model shows promise for patient‐specific dose prediction, enhancing junior physicians' treatment planning capabilities and improving plan quality.
Treatment Outcomes of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Earthquake‐Related Distress
Authors: Woods Cate F. , McIntosh Virginia V. W. , Frampton Christopher M. , Carter Frances A. , Colhoun Helen C. , Jordan Jennifer , Smith Rebekah A. , Bell Caroline 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundCognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but few studies have examined its effectiveness among individuals exposed to natural disasters. Group CBT could be an efficient way to treat disaster‐related PTSD, but it is unclear how the outcome of group and individual formats compare.AimsThe current study used a non‐controlled design to examine CBT outcomes among adults with severe, ongoing earthquake‐related distress and a non‐randomised design to compare the outcomes of group and individual CBT.Materials & MethodsParticipants were 175 adults with earthquake‐related PTSD or adjustment disorder consecutively referred for treatment at a specialist mental health service between one and four and a half years post‐earthquake. Participants completed a diagnostic interview and self‐report measures pertaining to PTSD severity; depression, anxiety, and stress; fear and avoidance; social adjustment; aggression; and resilience before and after treatment.ResultsFollowing treatment, 92.3% of participants (with available interview data) no longer met criteria for their primary earthquake‐related disorder (PTSD or adjustment disorder), and significant reductions in PTSD severity were observed. Following treatment, participants had significantly fewer mental disorders, less depression, anxiety, stress, fear, avoidance, and aggression, and greater social adjustment and resilience. Treatment format (group vs. individual) and timing of treatment presentation were not associated with any treatment outcomes of interest.ConclusionFindings suggest CBT is effective for individuals exposed to natural disasters when delivered in real‐world post‐disaster settings. Group CBT is an efficient way to treat large numbers of people using limited resources, strengthening the rationale for group treatment following natural disasters.
Inhibition of IL‐21/IL‐21R Signaling by Fucoxanthin: Structure‐Based and Experimental Analysis
Authors: Ruan Pinglang , Guo Hui , Yi Ping , Chen Yongjian , Jia Chen , Yang Miao , Deng Yaxiong , Li Qianwen , Gao Fei , Liu Yu , Yang Ming 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTDysregulated activation of the interleukin‐21 (IL‐21)/IL‐21 receptor (IL‐21R) signaling pathway is strongly associated with inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, which positions the pathway as a promising therapeutic target. Given the current lack of approved inhibitors or monoclonal antibodies targeting IL‐21/IL‐21R, we employed a structure‐based virtual screening strategy coupled with experimental validation to identify potential IL‐21 antagonists from a library of marine natural products provided by TargetMol. Our investigation identified fucoxanthin, a marine‐derived carotenoid, as a potent binder to IL‐21R, exhibiting a docking score of −8.19 kcal/mol. Molecular dynamics simulations further confirmed the stability of the IL‐21R–fucoxanthin complex, with a calculated binding free energy (ΔG) of −33.25 kcal/mol as determined by MM/PBSA analysis. Importantly, fucoxanthin demonstrated significant immunomodulatory effects by reducing the frequency of key immune cell populations, including CD19+ B cells, memory B cells, and activated follicular helper CD4+ T (Tfh) cells in cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. These findings suggest that fucoxanthin acts as a potential IL‐21 antagonist, offering a novel therapeutic avenue for autoimmune diseases driven by aberrant B‐ and T‐cell differentiation via the IL‐21/IL‐21R axis.
Advancing Spin‐Controlled Electrocatalysis using Chiral Gold Nanoparticles Functionalized Bimetallic Spinel Oxide
Authors: Banerjee Ghosh Koyel , Balo Anujit , Utkarsh Utkarsh , Yasmine Mive , Gosh Utpal 
Published: February 2025

Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are the foundations of renewable energy technology. However, both processes have significant activation barriers, severely limiting the overall performance of energy conversion devices that utilize ORR/OER. Though traditional catalyst design prioritizes crystal and electronic structure, understanding the detailed mechanism requires consideration of spin selection rules as the ground electronic state of diatomic oxygen is a triplet. Here, we demonstrate the enhancement of the electrocatalytic performance of Mn and Co‐based bimetallic spinel oxides by functionalizing with chiral gold nanoparticles. Chiral gold nanoparticles impart spin‐selective charge transfer during oxygen reduction, resulting in higher current density in comparison with the achiral composite catalyst. Moreover, the chiral composite containing carbon black also performs better than the achiral one. Furthermore, the onset potential gets reduced by 120 mV at 2.6 mA cm‐2 current density toward the OER activity of the chiral gold nanoparticle‐functionalized catalyst, attributed to the spin‐polarization mechanisms via. chiral‐induced spin selectivity effect. This work emphasizes the use of chirality in the transition metal based oxide to induce the spin‐polarization in the oxide‐based catalysts in advancing ORR and OER efficiencies that is very essential for the application in renewable energy technology.