bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Syntheses, Structures, and Photophysical Properties of Eu and Lu Diketonates with a Neutral Polydentate Imidazolylmethanamine Ligand
Authors: Kisel Kristina S. , Linti Gerald , Starova Galina L. , Sizov Vladimir V. , Melnikov Alexei S. , Pushkarev Anatoly P. , Bochkarev Mikhail N. , Grachova Elena V. , Tunik Sergey P. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe Schiff base NNO ligand 1‐(furan‐2‐yl)‐N‐[(2‐methyl‐1H‐imidazol‐4‐yl)methylene]methanamine was synthesized and structurally characterized by XRD crystallography, mass spectrometry, and NMR spectroscopy. Quantum‐chemical calculations revealed conformational flexibility of the ligand backbone to give two different conformations with nearly equal ground‐state energies. The orientation of two nitrogen atoms and the oxygen atom in one conformation is a good fit for the NNO tridentate coordination mode, whereas the other would allow the NN coordination mode only. Two lanthanide complexes [Ln(tta)3(NNO)] (Ln = EuIII and LuIII; tta = thenoyltrifluoroacetone) were prepared and studied spectroscopically. The structures of the complexes were optimized by the DFT approach. The NNO ligand in the Eu complex displays tridentate NNO coordination, whereas the ligand is only NN‐coordinated in the Lu complex. The Eu complex shows bright red metal‐centered phosphorescence under excitation into the ligand (π–π*) absorption bands with a quantum yield of ca. 80 % and a lifetime of 580 μs. A mechanism for energy transfer between the ligands and metal centers was suggested and confirmed by DFT and time‐dependent DFT (TDDFT) studies. An organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) device based on the Eu complex incorporated into a poly(9‐vinylcarbazole) (PVK) matrix was prepared. A study of the characteristics of the device revealed electrochromism of the system owing to variations in the efficacy of metal‐centered and matrix emission at different strengths of applied electric field.
Lanthanoid Induced C–F Activation of All Fluorine Atoms of One CF3 Group
Authors: Deacon Glen B. , Junk Peter C. , Werner Daniel 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe lanthanum formamidinate complex [La(CF3Form)3] {CF3FormH = N,N′‐bis(2‐trifluoromethylphenyl)formamidine}, which has six La–F interactions in the solid‐state structure, readily undergoes C–F activation of all fluorine atoms of one CF3 group to give LaF3, and two isomeric polytrifluoromethylphenyl‐substituted polyamidines, one containing a 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinazoline heterocyclic core.
Palladium‐Catalyzed C–H Bond Acylation of Acetanilides with Benzylic Alcohols under Aqueous Conditions
Authors: Luo Feihua , Yang Jun , Li Zhengkai , Xiang Haifeng , Zhou Xiangge 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPalladium‐catalyzed dehydrogenative coupling reactions between acetanilides and benzylic alcohols under aqueous conditions are reported. A wide range of benzophenone derivatives could be obtained in good to excellent yields up to 98 %. Mechanism studies showed that a bimetallic palladium cyclopalladated complex might be involved in the catalysis.
Who can benefit from virtual reality to reduce experimental pain? A crossover study in healthy subjects
Authors: Demeter N. , Josman N. , Eisenberg E. , Pud D. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe present study aimed to identify predicting factors affecting experimental pain stimuli reduction by using ‘EyeToy’, which is an Immersive Virtual Reality System (IVRS).MethodsSixty‐two healthy subjects (31 M, 31 F) underwent a battery of pain tests to determine each participant's baseline sensitivity to nociceptive. The battery included thermal pain tests (hot and cold) as well as a paradigm to induce conditioned pain modulation (CPM). Later on, each subject participated in two study conditions in random order: (1) An exposure to tonic heat stimulation (46.5 °C/135 s) to the ankle while participating in VR environment which included an activity requiring limb movements; (2) Same heat stimulation with no exposure to VR. Six pain measures were taken during each study condition (baseline, test 1–5).ResultsAn interaction of time × treatment was found (RM ANOVA, F(5, 305) = 24.33, p < 0.001, η² = 0.28). Specifically, the reduction in pain score between baseline and test 1 was significantly greater in VR condition than in control (p < 0.001). The maximal pain reduction in both conditions was between baseline and test 1. Hierarchical regression revealed gender and the extent of CPM as predictive factors for pain reduction in the VR condition (6.1% and 7.5%, respectively).ConclusionsIt can be concluded that VR can serve as an effective manipulation for pain reduction in individuals with efficient CPM and in women. These findings constitute a promising platform for future research and hold potential for the improvement and facilitation of clinical treatment.
Predicting the Distribution of Stock Returns: Model Formulation, Statistical Evaluation, VaR Analysis and Economic Significance
Authors: Massacci Daniele 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA large literature has investigated predictability of the conditional mean of low‐frequency stock returns by macroeconomic and financial variables; however, little is known about predictability of the conditional distribution. We look at one‐step‐ahead out‐of‐sample predictability of the conditional distribution of monthly US stock returns in relation to the macroeconomic and financial environment. Our methodological approach is innovative: we consider several specifications for the conditional density and combinations schemes. Our results are as follows: the entire density is predicted under combination schemes as applied to univariate GARCH models with Gaussian innovations; the Bayesian winner in relation to GARCH‐skewed‐t models is informative about the 5% value at risk; the average realised utility of a mean–variance investor is maximised under the Bayesian winner as applied to GARCH models with symmetric Student t innovations. Our results have two implications: the best prediction model depends on the evaluation criterion; and combination schemes outperform individual models. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of Response of DRI Oxycodone Semiquantitative Immunoassay With True Oxycodone Values Determined by Liquid Chromatography Combined With Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Sensitivity of the DRI Assay at 100 ng/ml Cut‐Off and Validity of Semiquantitative Value
Authors: Dixon R. Brent , Davis Bonnette , Dasgupta Amitava 
Published: February 2015

ObjectiveOxycodone is a widely used opioid for pain management and patient's compliance with therapy is often monitored by using oxycodone immunoassay. The performance of the DRI oxycodone immunoassay was compared with liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) assay.Materials and MethodsIn 48 urine specimens collected from patients taking oxycodone, urinary oxycodone concentrations were determined using LC/MS/MS and the DRI oxycodone immunoassay for application on the Cobas c 501 analyzer (Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN).ResultsOut of 48 specimens, 14 specimens showed oxycodone value less than 100 ng/ml, seven specimens had low positive values (between 101 and 165 ng/ml) and all other specimens had values 165 to 1789 ng/ml using the LC/MS/MS assay. The DRI oxycodone assay successfully identified all oxycodone specimens with oxycodone concentrations over the 100 ng/ml. In addition, the DRI assay also showed positive response in 11 out of 14 specimens with oxycodone values less than 100 ng/ml. However, semiquantitative values obtained by the DRI assay did not match with true oxycodone and metabolite oxymorphone concentrations combined obtained by using LC/MS/MS.ConclusionsDRI oxycodone immunoassay at 100 ng/ml is a reliable immunoassay for analysis of oxycodone in urine.
Dimensional and defectivity nanometrology of directed self‐assembly patterns
Authors: Simão C. , Tuchapsky D. , Khunsin W. , Amann A. , Morris M. A. , Torres C. M. Sotomayor 
Published: February 2015

AbstractDefectivity and dimensional metrology are two main challenges in lithography due to the increasing miniaturisation of circuits. Particularly, bottom‐up alternative lithographic masks from directed self‐assembly systems have been extending the limits of critical dimensions in a cost‐effective manner although great challenges in controlling defectivity remain open. To gain insights about the percentage of alignment, defectivity and order quantification, block copolymer fingerprints were investigated via an image analysis methodology. Here we present the analysis of hexagonal phase of polystyrene‐b‐polydimethylsiloxane (PS‐b‐PDMS) forming linear patterns in topological substrates. From our methodology, we have performed dimensional metrology estimating pitch size and error, and the linewidth of the lines was estimated. In parallel, the methodology allowed us identification and quantification of typical defects observable in self‐assembly, such as turning points, disclination or branching points, break or lone points and end points. The methodology presented here represents a step forward in dimensional metrology and defect analysis of self‐ and directed assembly systems. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Bauen im Bestand: Ersatzneubau der ersten Hochbrücke Levensau bei Kiel
Authors: Janßen Thomas 
Published: February 2015

AbstractVor den Toren der Schleswig‐Holsteinischen Landeshauptstadt Kiel wird im Zuge der Verbreiterung der Oststrecke des Nord‐Ostsee‐Kanals der Neubau einer über 241 m spannenden kombinierten Straßen‐ und Eisenbahnbrücke in Stahlbauweise als Ersatz für die 1894 errichtete erste Hochbrücke Levensau vorbereitet. Außergewöhnliche Berücksichtigung bei der Planungsvorbereitung gilt der weitgehenden Aufrechterhaltung des Schienen‐ und Schiffsverkehr auf und unterhalb des bestehenden Bauwerkes sowie dem zu garantierenden Erhalt eines sich in den Bestandswiderlagern befindenden EU‐kartierten Fledermauswinterquartiers.Neben den Randbedingungen aus Verkehrsführung und Artenschutz ist für die Planung die Berücksichtigung der genehmigungsrelevanten Belange des angrenzenden allgemeinen Wohngebietes von besonderem Interesse. Die Ergebnisse der komplexen Grundlagenermittlungen und der nach EU‐weit ausgeschriebenem Ingenieur‐ und Architektenwettbewerb vergebenen Planungsleistungen sollen hier vorgestellt werden.Design and construction in existing contexts: Replacement of the first High Bridge Levensau. Not far from Kiel, the capital city of Schleswig‐Holstein, the first Levensau High Bridge (Hochbruecke Levensau) built in 1894, is being replaced by a combined rail and road steel bridge with a span of over 241 m. During construction special attention was paid to the maintenance of railway traffic and shipping and to the preservation of a winter hibernation site for bats.
Ermüdungsfestigkeit von Lamellenstößen bei Vollwandträgern mit dicken Gurten
Authors: Kuhlmann Ulrike , Kudla Konrad 
Published: February 2015

AbstractDer Beitrag stellt Forschungsergebnisse von experimentellen und numerischen Untersuchungen zur Ermüdungsfestigkeit von Lamellenstößen bei Vollwandträgern mit dicken Gurten vor. Kern der Betrachtung ist der Einfluss der Blechdicken auf die Ermüdungsfestigkeit des als Montagestoß geschweißten Vollstoßes. Die Untersuchungen zeigen, dass der Ort der Kerbe, Stirnfugennaht oder Schweißnahtübergang, die Ermüdungsfestigkeit bestimmt, aber eben auch dass gewisse Ungänzen zum Beispiel an der Stirnfugennaht nicht zwangsläufig zu einer schlechten Kerbfalleinordnung führen. Ausgehend von den durchgeführten Versuchen und numerischen Studien wird eine mögliche Kerbfalleinordnung für den baupraktischen Nachweis hergeleitet.Fatigue resistance of lamella joints of plated steel girders with thick flanges – experimental and numerical investigations. Experimental and numerical investigations on the fatigue resistance of lamella joints of plated steel girders with thick flanges This article presents the research results of the experimental and numerical investigations on the fatigue resistance of lamella joints of plated steel girders with thick flanges. The focus lies on the influence of the size plate thicknesses on the fatigue resistance welded butt joint assembled on site. The investigations show that the location of the notch, weld toe or end grove weld, has a strong impact on the fatigue resistance and also that certain irregularities e.g. at the end grove weld do not necessarily lead to a reduction of the detail category. On the basis of the experiments and numerical studies the possible classification into a detail category for the fatigue design is derived for the welded lamella joints.
Postoperative Complications Affect Long‐Term Survival Outcomes Following Hepatic Resection for Colorectal Liver Metastasis
Authors: Yin Zi , Huang Xiande , Ma Tingting , Jin Haosheng , Lin Ye , Yu Min , Jian Zhixiang 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of postoperative complications (POCs) on long‐term survival outcomes following hepatic resection for colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) is in controversy. The aim of the present meta‐analysis was to systematically evaluate the POC effect on overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) in patients undergoing hepatic resection for CRLM.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of all observational studies to evaluate the POC effect on OS and DFS in patients undergoing hepatic resection for CRLM. A search for all major databases and relevant journals from inception to January 2014 without restriction on languages or regions was performed. POCs were extracted and graded according to a validated system of classification. Outcome measures were postoperative 1‐, 2‐, 3‐, and 10‐year OSs and DFSs. Both random‐effects and fixed‐effect models were used to pool the hazard ratios (HRs) of the survival outcomes. Test of heterogeneity was performed with the Q statistic.ResultsA total of 2370 patients were included in the meta‐analysis. Both 5‐ and 10‐year postoperative OSs showed significant decreases in patients with POCs (HR = 1.52; 95 % CI 1.27–1.83; P < 0.001 and HR = 1.36; 95 % CI 1.18–1.58; P < 0.001, respectively). Similar outcomes were also observed in terms of DFSs, with the 5‐ and 10‐year HRs found to be 1.37 (95 % CI 1.23–1.53; P < 0.001) and 1.34 (95 % CI 1.17–1.53; P < 0.001), respectively, compared to no POC group.ConclusionsPOCs are strongly related to long‐term oncologic outcomes following hepatic resection for CRLM. Further efforts to refine surgical technique and postoperative management to avoid complications may improve the long‐term oncological outcomes of the selected patients.
HPV vaccination: The most pragmatic cervical cancer primary prevention strategy
Authors: Sankaranarayanan Rengaswamy 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe evidence that high‐risk HPV infections cause cervical cancers has led to two new approaches for cervical cancer control: vaccination to prevent HPV infections, and HPV screening to detect and treat cervical precancerous lesions. Two vaccines are currently available: quadrivalent vaccine targeting oncogenic HPV types 16, 18, 6, and 11, and bivalent vaccine targeting HPV 16 and 18. Both vaccines have demonstrated remarkable immunogenicity and substantial protection against persistent infection and high‐grade cervical cancer precursors caused by HPV 16 and 18 in HPV‐naïve women, and have the potential to prevent 70% of cervical cancers in adequately vaccinated populations. HPV vaccination is now implemented in national programs in 62 countries, including some low‐ and middle‐income countries. The early findings from routine national programs in high‐income countries are instructive to encourage low‐ and middle‐income countries with a high risk of cervical cancer to roll out HPV vaccination programs and to introduce resource‐appropriate cervical screening programs.
Substrate adaptations of sessile benthic metazoans during the Cambrian radiation
Authors: Kloss Tristan J. , Dornbos Stephen Q. , Chen Junyuan 
Published: February 2015

AbstractMany marine benthic metazoans must stabilize themselves upon the seafloor for survival, and as a result their morphologies are controlled in part by local substrate conditions. The Agronomic Revolution (AR), spurred by increasing vertical bioturbation during the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition, permanently altered the nature of shallow marine substrate conditions and led to a major shift in adaptive strategies among benthic metazoans. These ecological and evolutionary changes, known as the Cambrian Substrate Revolution (CSR), are generally understood from observations of benthic metazoan fossils across the Ediacaran/Cambrian boundary, but the timing and geographic extent of this transition are less well known. This analysis attempts to constrain the temporal and spatial pattern of the AR and CSR by performing a global-scale paleoecological analysis of the adaptive strategies of benthic fauna living during the Cambrian. This analysis focused on Burgess Shale-type (BST) faunas because of their exceptional preservation, and was conducted through direct observation of fossil specimens, analysis of data compiled from the Paleobiology Database, and literature review. From these analyses, faunal groups are assigned a metric, the Substrate Adaptability Index (SAI), that relates the overall affinity the fauna demonstrates toward either Proterozoic-style (SAI=0) or Phanerozoic-style (SAI=1) substrate conditions. The results of this analysis demonstrate that most early and middle Cambrian faunas were mixtures of Phanerozoic- and Proterozoic-style adaptive strategists, suggesting that Proterozoic-style substrates were still influential in controlling adaptive strategies in marine environments until at least that time. This is further supported by ichnofabric analysis of many of these localities, where overall bioturbation levels are exceedingly low, indicating a lack of mixed-layer development and the prevalence of firm Proterozoic-style substrates well into the Cambrian.
Identifying essential ecological factors underpinning the development of a conservation plan for the Endangered Australian tree Alectryon ramiflorus
Authors: Brown Peter J. , Wormington Kevin R. , Brown Philip 
Published: February 2015

AbstractReintroduction of rare and threatened species often fails to yield quantifiable conservation benefits because insufficient attention is focused on the species’ habitat requirements and biology. We demonstrate the value of such data in informing a recovery plan for Alectryon ramiflorus S.Reyn. (Sapindaceae), a tree species endemic to a region on the southern coast of Queensland, Australia. When the species was categorized as Endangered on the IUCN Red List in 1997 the total known population consisted of only 26 adult plants, in five disjunct populations in remnant patches of native vegetation. Analysis of vegetation type, soil chemistry and composition data comparing remnant patches with and without A. ramiflorus revealed that the species is not restricted to a specific soil type but prefers sites with relatively fertile soil and a more complex vegetation structure. The species is cryptically dioecious, displays asynchronous flowering between individuals, and requires insect-vectored pollination. The low rate of seedling production recorded within individual patches was attributed to the scarcity of trees of both genders, asynchronous flowering of individual trees and, in smaller patches, a sparse population of pollinating insect species. Successful reintroduction of A. ramiflorus will require consideration of these aspects of demographic success. The findings highlight the importance to species recovery plans of the knowledge of habitat requirements, interspecific relationships and critical dependencies, as well as species reproductive biology.
ROMANCES OF UNEVEN DEVELOPMENT: SPATIALITY, TRADE, AND FORM IN ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON’S PACIFIC NOVELS
Authors: Steer Philip 
Published: February 2015

In the late 1880s, around the timehe decided to settle on the Samoan island of Upolu, Robert Louis Stevenson's writing began to take a strikingly different shape as he attempted to infuse it with the flavor of his new surroundings. “When Stevenson traveled to the margins of the empire,” John Kucich observes, “he suddenly found new ways of organizing his narratives” (59). His novel-length Pacific worksThe Wrecker(1892) andThe Ebb-Tide(1894), both nominally co-authored with his stepson Lloyd Osbourne, made a marked departure from the dominant models for representing imperial space and themes provided by his ownTreasure Island(1883) and by H. Rider Haggard'sKing Solomon's Mines(1885), and they were generally met by critics with bemusement and disappointment. One reviewer ofThe Ebb-Tidebegan by observing, “It certainly has no claim to a place with those romances which are already ranked among the classics of our tongue,” and concluded sorrowfully: “This is not the Stevenson we love, but it is something to be read and remembered, nevertheless” (qtd. in Maixner 458, 59). While recent critical interest in Stevenson's Pacific fiction has tended to focus on works such as “The Beach of Falesá” (1892) and the portrayal of cultural encounter,The Wreckerin particular continues to be held in low regard. As Stephen Arata summarizes,[M]ost critics have dismissed it as overly diffuse, shapeless, and more than a little self-indulgent – the closest thing to a loose baggy monster that Stevenson ever produced. Frank McLynn's assessment is representative: whileThe Wrecker, he says, is “in some ways the oddest and most intriguing” of Stevenson's novels, it is finally a failure because it lacks a “proper story structure” and because “there are far too many diversions and irrelevancies that clog the action.” (par. 7)Yet the fact thatThe WreckerandThe Ebb-Tideare not only Stevenson's two longest Pacific-themed works of fiction, but are also marked by similar structural elements and thematic preoccupations, suggests the value of reconsidering their centrality to his engagement with the increasing western domination of the region in the last decades of the century.