bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infiltrating epitheliosis of the breast: characterization of histological features, immunophenotype and genomic profile
Authors: Eberle Carey A , Piscuoglio Salvatore , Rakha Emad A , Ng Charlotte K Y , Geyer Felipe C , Edelweiss Marcia , Sakr Rita A , Weigelt Britta , Reis‐Filho Jorge S , Ellis Ian O 
Published: October 2015

AimsInfiltrating epitheliosis is a rare complex sclerosing lesion (CSL) of the breast, characterized by infiltrating ducts immersed in a scleroelastotic stroma and filled with cells having architectural and cytological patterns reminiscent of those of usual ductal hyperplasia. In this study we sought to define the molecular characteristics of infiltrating epitheliosis.Methods and resultsEight infiltrating epitheliosis, adjacent breast lesions (one usual ductal hyperplasia, one papilloma, one micropapillary ductal carcinoma in situ and one low‐grade adenosquamous carcinoma), and corresponding normal breast tissue from each case were microdissected and subjected to massively parallel sequencing analysis targeting all coding regions of 254 genes mutated recurrently in breast cancer and/or related to DNA repair. Mutations in components of the PI3K pathway were found in all infiltrating epitheliosis samples, seven of which harboured PIK3CA hotspot mutations, while the remaining case displayed a PIK3R1 somatic mutation.ConclusionsSomatic mutations affecting PI3K pathway genes were found to be highly prevalent in infiltrating epitheliosis, suggesting that these lesions may be neoplastic rather than hyperplastic. The landscape of somatic genetic alterations found in infiltrating epitheliosis is similar to that of radial scars/CSLs, suggesting that infiltrating epitheliosis may represent one end of this spectrum of lesions.
Knockout of a transgene by transcription activator‐like effector nucleases (TALENs) in the sawfly, Athalia rosae (Hymenoptera) and the ladybird beetle, Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera)
Authors: Hatakeyama M. , Yatomi J. , Sumitani M. , Takasu Y. , Sekiné K. , Niimi T. , Sezutsu H. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractTranscription activator‐like effector nucleases (TALENs) are efficient tools for targeted genome editing and have been utilized in a number of insects. Here, we demonstrate the gene disruption (knockout) caused by TALENs targeting a transgene, 3xP3‐driven enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP), that is integrated in the genome of two species, the sawfly Athalia rosae (Hymenoptera) and the ladybird beetle Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera). Messenger RNAs of TALENs targeting the sequences adjacent to the chromophore region were microinjected into the eggs/embryos of each species. In At. rosae, when microinjection was performed at the posterior end of eggs, 15% of G0 individuals showed a somatic mosaic phenotype for eye EGFP fluorescence. Three‐quarters of the somatic mosaics produced EGFP‐negative G1 progeny. When eggs were injected at the anterior end, 63% of the G0 individuals showed somatic mosaicism, and 17% of them produced EGFP‐negative G1 progeny. In H. axyridis, 25% of posterior‐injected and 8% of anterior‐injected G0 individuals produced EGFP‐negative G1 progeny. In both species, the EGFP‐negative progeny retained the EGFP gene, and various deletions were detected in the target sequences, indicating that gene disruption was successfully induced. Finally, for both species, 18–21% of G0 founders produced gene knockout progeny sufficient for establishing knockout strains.
Mouse and human FcR effector functions
Authors: Bruhns Pierre , Jönsson Friederike 
Published: October 2015

SummaryMouse and human FcRs have been a major focus of attention not only of the scientific community, through the cloning and characterization of novel receptors, and of the medical community, through the identification of polymorphisms and linkage to disease but also of the pharmaceutical community, through the identification of FcRs as targets for therapy or engineering of Fc domains for the generation of enhanced therapeutic antibodies. The availability of knockout mouse lines for every single mouse FcR, of multiple or cell‐specific—‘à la carte’—FcR knockouts and the increasing generation of hFcR transgenics enable powerful in vivo approaches for the study of mouse and human FcR biology. This review will present the landscape of the current FcR family, their effector functions and the in vivo models at hand to study them. These in vivo models were recently instrumental in re‐defining the properties and effector functions of FcRs that had been overlooked or discarded from previous analyses. A particular focus will be made on the (mis)concepts on the role of high‐affinity IgG receptors in vivo and on results from antibody engineering to enhance or abrogate antibody effector functions mediated by FcRs.
Assessing safety culture in NICU: psychometric properties of the Italian version of Safety Attitude Questionnaire and result implications
Authors: Zenere Alessandra , Zanolin M. Elisabetta , Negri Roberta , Moretti Francesca , Grassi Mario , Tardivo Stefano 
Published: October 2015

AbstractRationale, aims and objectiveNeonatal intensive care units (NICUs) are a high‐risk setting. The Safety Attitude Questionnaire (SAQ) is a widely used tool to measure safety culture. The aims of the study are to verify the psychometric properties of the Italian version of SAQ, to evaluate safety culture in the NICUs and to identify improvement interventions.MethodA cross‐sectional study was conducted in 6 level III NICUs. The SAQ was translated into Italian and adapted to the context, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed to validate the questionnaire.Results193 questionnaires were collected. The mean response rate was 59.7% (range 44.5%–95.7%). The answers were analysed according to six factors: f1 – teamwork climate, f2 – safety climate, f3 – job satisfaction, f4 – stress recognition, f5 – perception of management, f6 – working conditions. The CFA indexes were adequate (McDonald's omega indexes varied from 0.74 to 0.94, the SRMR index was equal to 0.79 and the RMSEA index was 0.070, 95% CI = 0.063–0.078). The mean composite score was 57.6 (SD 17.9), ranging between 42.3 and 69.7 on a standardized 100‐point scale. We highlighted significant differences among units and professions (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe Italian version of the SAQ proved to be an effective tool to evaluate and compare the safety culture in the NICUs. The obtained scores significantly varied both within and among the NICUs. The organizational and structural characteristics of the involved hospitals probably affect the safety culture perception by the staff.
Predictors of Satisfaction with Dentures in a Cohort of Individuals Wearing Old Dentures: Functional Quality or Patient‐Reported Measures?
Authors: Cerutti‐Kopplin Daiane , Emami Elham , Hilgert Juliana Balbinot , Hugo Fernando Neves , Rivaldo Elken , Padilha Dalva Maria Pereira 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPurposeTo examine the extent to which denture satisfaction can be determined by a measure of the denture's functional quality and by patient‐reported measures.Materials and MethodsThis study used data obtained from 117 edentulous individuals with a mean age of 73.7 (SD = 5.6) years in southern Brazil. The edentulous individuals rated their levels of general satisfaction with their actual dentures, using a visual analog scale. Explanatory variables included the individual's information about ability to chew, ability to speak, esthetics, and sociodemographic factors. The dentures were evaluated using the validated 9‐item Functional Assessment of Dentures instrument. Bivariate statistical analyses and Poisson regression models (prevalence ratio [PR]; 95% CI; p < 0.05) were used to test the association of explanatory variables with patients’ general satisfaction with their complete dentures.ResultsThere was a statistically significant association between patients’ general satisfaction and stability of maxillary (rocking movement) (adjusted PR = 1.28; 95% CI: 1.07–1.52) and mandibular dentures (occlusal displacement) (adjusted PR = 1.68; 95% CI: 1.16–2.43), masticatory ability (adjusted PR = 1.54; 95% CI: 1.08–2.19), and the age of the mandibular denture (adjusted PR = 1.47; 95% CI: 1.10–1.97).ConclusionsThe results of this study indicated that measures of denture stability, masticatory ability, and age of dentures appeared to be determinants of patients’ satisfaction with dentures.
Transition to motherhood in women with eating disorders: A qualitative study
Authors: Taborelli Emma , Easter Abigail , Keefe Rosalind , Schmidt Ulrike , Treasure Janet , Micali Nadia 
Published: October 2015

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to examine in depth the individual experience of transition from pregnancy to motherhood, among women with current eating disorders (EDs), focusing on differences between the first and subsequent pregnancies.Design and MethodsWe analysed the narratives of 12 women with severe ED during pregnancy using interpretative phenomenological analysis. We employed a sequential structure, and the emerging themes were ordered according to consecutive pregnancy stages.ResultsOur results indicate that experiences of pregnancy vary across pregnancy stages and in the first pregnancy compared to subsequent pregnancies. In particular, during their first pregnancy women with an ED seem to experience an inner conflict and questioned the continuity of their ED identity leading them to be more open to change.ConclusionsThe first pregnancy, during its early stages, should be considered a potentially unique window for intervention for women with current ED.Practitioner points

Eating disorders (EDs) are known to seriously affect fertility, pregnancy, and pregnancy outcomes. Our research sheds a light on experiences of pregnancy in women with ED and ultimately helps to define a window for intervention.

Our findings have important implications in understanding mechanisms of relapse in the post‐partum period and consequently could help in tailoring an adequate intervention for women with ED and in preventing ED relapse.
Fine mapping and photosynthetic characteristics of the lower chlorophyll b 1 mutant in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Liu Jin , Wang Jiayu , Yao Xiaoyu , Dong Xiaoyan , Chen Wenfu 
Published: October 2015

AbstractChlorophylls absorb and transfer light energy to the photosynthetic system. Consequently, chlorophyll content is strongly related to crop biomass and yield. We isolated a rice spontaneous mutant, lower chlorophyll b 1 (lcb1), from a recombinant inbred line population. Under normal growth conditions, lcb1 plants produced yellow leaves with decreased total chlorophyll and chlorophyll b contents, but normal chlorophyll a content. Photosynthetic and fluorescence parameters differed between wild‐type and lcb1 plants. Compared with wild type, lcb1 had a higher electron transfer rate, a lower photochemical quenching coefficient and significantly reduced grain number, biomass and yield. A recessive nuclear gene controlled the mutant trait. Through map‐based cloning, we located the LCB1 gene in a 117.4‐kb region on the short arm of chromosome 3, close to the centromere, in a region containing 15 predicted candidate genes. None of these genes was directly related to chlorophylls or the chloroplast; therefore, lcb1 may be a mutation of a novel gene. These results will be useful for further research on the molecular mechanisms controlling biogenesis and chloroplast biochemical processes.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: effects on plant terpenoid accumulation
Authors: Welling M. T. , Liu L. , Rose T. J. , Waters D. L. E. , Benkendorff K. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are a diverse group of soil‐dwelling fungi that form symbiotic associations with land plants. AMF–plant associations promote the accumulation of plant terpenoids beneficial to human health, although how AMF mediate terpenoid accumulation is not fully understood. A critical assessment and discussion of the literature relating to mechanisms by which AMF influence plant terpenoid accumulation, and whether this symbiosis can be harnessed in horticultural ecosystems was performed. Modification of plant morphology, phosphorus availability and gene transcription involved with terpenoid biosynthetic pathways were identified as key mechanisms associated with terpenoid accumulation in AMF‐colonised plants. In order to exploit AMF–plant symbioses in horticultural ecosystems it is important to consider the specificity of the AMF–plant association, the predominant factor affecting terpenoid accumulation, as well as the end use application of the harvested plant material. Future research should focus on resolving the relationship between ecologically matched AMF genotypes and terpenoid accumulation in plants to establish if these associations are effective in promoting mechanisms favourable for plant terpenoid accumulation.
Host resistances to Aphanomyces trifolii root rot of subterranean clover: first opportunity to successfully manage this severe pasture disease
Authors: You M. P. , O'Rourke T. A. , Foster K. , Snowball R. , Barbetti M. J. 
Published: October 2015

Subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) is an important pasture legume in Australia (29 million ha) and elsewhere. However, severe pasture decline occurs in association with several root pathogens, including Aphanomyces trifolii, that has been misidentified for decades as A. euteiches until recently confirmed as A. trifolii. A series of controlled environment experiments was undertaken to identify host resistance to A. trifolii in subterranean clover and to compare virulence and phylogeny of isolates. In experiment 1, Dalkeith, Bacchus Marsh, Riverina and Yarloop were the most resistant of 38 cultivars with a percentage disease index (PDI) ≤10 for both tap and lateral roots. Experiment 2 confirmed resistance of Yarloop, but a change in some relative varietal resistances suggested physiological specialization among A. trifolii isolates. Experiment 3 confirmed extensive variation in virulence and physiological specialization across 23 isolates of A. trifolii, with three distinct clades, two of which were distinct from isolates collected previously. Experiment 4 identified host resistance(s) effective against a mixture of 20 A. trifolii isolates, but the most resistant cultivars (Antas, Uniwager, Leura) still showed significant disease. This is the first study to show physiological specialization in A. trifolii and to identify host resistance. This study defines A. trifolii as a significant but largely unknown contributor to severe root disease of subterranean clover in southern Australia. Finally, development and calibration of a new soil commercial DNA test not only enables field quantification of the disease, but development of appropriate breeding, selection and farm management strategies to reduce its impact.
Republished: Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network head injury clinical prediction rules are reliable in practice
Authors: Schonfeld Deborah , Bressan Silvia , Da Dalt Liviana , Henien Mira N , Winnett Jill A , Nigrovic Lise E 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT

Objective
The Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) traumatic brain injury (TBI) age-based clinical prediction rules identify children at very low risk of a significant head injury who can safely avoid CT. Our goal was to independently validate these prediction rules.

Design
Cross-sectional study.

Setting
Two paediatric emergency departments located in USA and in Italy.

Patients
All children presenting within 24 h of a head injury with a Glasgow Coma Score of ≥14.

Intervention
Assessment of PECARN TBI clinical predictors.

Main outcome measure
Clinically important TBI defined as head injury resulting in death, intubation for &gt;24 h, neurosurgery or two or more nights of hospitalisation for the management of head trauma.

Results
During the study period, we included 2439 children (91% of eligible patients), of which 959 (39%) were &lt;2 years of age and 1439 (59%) were male. Of the study patients, 373 (15%) had a CT performed, 69 (3%) had traumatic findings on their CT and 19 (0.8%) had a clinically important TBI. None of the children with a clinically important TBI were classified as very low risk by the PECARN TBI prediction rules (overall sensitivity 100%; 95% CI 83.2% to 100%, specificity 55%, 95% CI 52.5% to 56.6%, and negative predictive value 100%, 95% CI 99.6% to 100%).

Conclusions
In our external validation, the age-based PECARN TBI prediction rules accurately identified children at very low risk for a clinically significant TBI and can be used to assist CT decision making for children with minor blunt head trauma.
Timing of magnetization and vertical-axis rotations of the Cotiella massif (Late Cretaceous, South Central Pyrenees)
Authors: Garcés Miguel , García-Senz Jesús , Muñoz Josep Antón , López-Mir Berta , Beamud Elisabet 
Published: October 2015

Abstract

The Cotiella thrust sheet in the South Central Pyrenees is a well-studied example of an extensional basin that formed at the northern Iberian rift margin during the Late Cretaceous, and was inverted in the Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic on top of the South Pyrenean Central Unit. A palaeomagnetic study of the thick sequence of shallow marine syn-extensional carbonates filling the Cotiella Basin reveals the presence of a widespread secondary magnetization of both normal and reversed polarities. Neither
in situ
nor bedding tilt correction provides a satisfactory grouping of the palaeomagnetic directions, thus suggesting syn-deformational magnetization. Best clustering of palaeomagnetic vectors is obtained after unfolding into a post-extensional pre-compressional stage, coherent with an acquisition age between Santonian and Paleocene. Strong magnetic enhancement and very distinct magnetic properties with depth suggest a link with burial diagenesis of organic matter, precipitation of iron sulphides and subsequent oxidation to SD fine-grained magnetite. The secondary magnetizations of the Cotiella record significant vertical axis rotations ranging from 14° to 52° clockwise, coherent with the scenario of the Cotiella thrust sheet transported piggy-back and bent during the emplacement of the lower Gavarnie–Sierras Exteriores thrust sheet.
Integrated Physiologic Assessment of Ischemic Heart Disease in Real-World Practice Using Index of Microcirculatory Resistance and Fractional Flow Reserve
Authors: Lee Joo Myung , Layland Jamie , Jung Ji-Hyun , Lee Hyun-Jung , Echavarria-Pinto Mauro , Watkins Stuart , Yong Andy S. , Doh Joon-Hyung , Nam Chang-Wook , Shin Eun-Seok , Koo Bon-Kwon , Ng Martin K. , Escaned Javier , Fearon William F. , Oldroyd Keith G. 
Published: October 2015

Background—
The index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR) is a quantitative and specific index for coronary microcirculation. However, the distribution and determinants of IMR have not been fully investigated in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD).

Methods and Results—

Consecutive patients who underwent elective measurement of both fractional flow reserve (FFR) and IMR were enrolled from 8 centers in 5 countries. Patients with acute myocardial infarction were excluded. To adjust for the influence of collateral flow, IMR values were corrected with Yong’s formula (IMR
corr
). High IMR was defined as greater than the 75th percentile in each of the major coronary arteries. FFR≤0.80 was defined as an ischemic value. 1096 patients with 1452 coronary arteries were analyzed (mean age 61.1, male 71.2%). Mean FFR was 0.84 and median IMR
corr
was 16.6 U (Q1, Q3 12.4 U, 23.0 U). There was no correlation between IMR
corr
and FFR values (
r
=0.01,
P
=0.62), and the categorical agreement of FFR and IMR
corr
was low (kappa value=−0.04,
P
=0.10). There was no correlation between IMR
corr
and angiographic % diameter stenosis (
r
=−0.03,
P
=0.25). Determinants of high IMR were previous myocardial infarction (odds ratio [OR] 2.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.24–3.74,
P
=0.01), right coronary artery (OR 2.09, 95% CI 1.54–2.84,
P
<0.01), female (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.18–2.38,
P
<0.01), and obesity (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.31–2.49,
P
<0.01). Determinants of FFR ≤0.80 were left anterior descending coronary artery (OR 4.31, 95% CI 2.92–6.36,
P
<0.01), angiographic diameter stenosis ≥50% (OR 5.16, 95% CI 3.66–7.28,
P
<0.01), male (OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.38–3.35,
P
<0.01), and age (per 10 years, OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.01–1.46,
P
=0.04).

Conclusions—
IMR showed no correlation with FFR and angiographic lesion severity, and the predictors of high IMR value were different from those for ischemic FFR value. Therefore, integration of IMR into FFR measurement may provide additional insights regarding the relative contribution of macro- and microvascular disease in patients with ischemic heart disease.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02186093.
Polarimetric Tornadic Debris Signature Variability and Debris Fallout Signatures
Authors: Van Den Broeke Matthew S. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractValues of polarimetric radar variables may vary substantially between and through tornadic debris signature (TDS) events. Tornadoes with higher intensity ratings are associated with higher average and extreme values of reflectivity factor at horizontal polarization ZHH and lower values of copolar cross-correlation coefficient ρhv. Although values of these variables often fluctuate through reported tornado life cycles, ZHH repeatably decreases and ρhv repeatably increases across the volume scan immediately following reported tornado demise. Land cover has a relatively small effect on values of the polarimetric variables within TDSs, although near-radar urban TDSs may exhibit relatively high ZHH values. TDS areal extent is typically larger aloft than near the surface, although this trend may reverse in the most intense tornadoes. Maximum altitude to which a TDS is visible is more strongly a function of tornado intensity than of land cover or ambient shear and instability. Debris often disappears once lofted but may also be observed to spread out downstream with the storm-relative flow or to fall out along the parent storm’s northwest flank in a debris fallout signature (DFS). DFS characteristics, although variable, most commonly include ZHH values of 30–35 dBZ, ρhv values of 0.60–0.80, and values of differential reflectivity ZDR that are repeatably near 0 dB.