bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gentle blood aspiration and tube cushioning reduce pneumatic tube system interference in lactate dehydrogenase assays
Authors: Strubi-Vuillaume Isabelle , Carlier Valentine , Obeuf Catherine , Vasseur Francis , Maury J-Claude , Maboudou Patrice , Mangalaboyi Jacques , Durocher Alain , Launay David , Noel Christian , Brousseau Thierry 
Published: April 2015

Background Use of a hospital pneumatic tube system may be associated with measurement errors. Methods A venous blood sample was collected from 79 patients into a pair of lithium heparin tubes; one tube was sent to the laboratory by porter and the other was sent via the pneumatic tube system. Plasma lactate dehydrogenase concentrations were then assayed. Results Lactate dehydrogenase concentrations were overestimated (median bias: 18.8%) when evacuated vacuum lithium heparin tubes were sent by pneumatic tube system. This bias was reduced by bubble-wrapping the standard lithium heparin tube or using Monovette lithium heparin tubes in aspiration mode (median bias: +8.7% and −0.3%, respectively). Conclusions Cushioning and aspiration-mode sampling may limit pneumatic tube system-associated overestimation of lactate dehydrogenase concentrations.
Intramedullary Tibial Nailing Reduces the Attachment Area and Ultimate Load of the Anterior Medial Meniscal Root
Authors: LaPrade Matthew D. , LaPrade Christopher M. , Hamming Mark G. , Ellman Michael B. , Turnbull Travis Lee , Rasmussen Matthew T. , Wijdicks Coen A. , LaPrade Robert F. 
Published: April 2015

Background: Intramedullary (IM) nailing is the treatment of choice among orthopaedic surgeons for tibial shaft fractures. However, because of the close proximity of the nail’s insertion site to the anterior medial (AM) meniscal root on the tibial plateau, there is increased risk of iatrogenic injury to the meniscal root during nailing. Purpose: To quantify the area of the AM meniscal root footprint damaged by IM tibial reaming and determine its subsequent effects on the ultimate failure load in female versus male knees. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Twelve matched pairs (6 male and 6 female pairs; average age, 50.2 years) of human cadaveric knees were randomly assigned to native and reamed groups. In the reamed group, knees were reamed within the “safe zone” according to current guidelines for IM tibial nail insertion (3 mm lateral to the center of the tibial tubercle and adjacent to the anterior margin of the tibial plateau). The attachment areas and ultimate failure load were quantified and compared with paired knees in the native group. Results: Intra-articular reaming within the “safe zone” for IM tibial nail insertion did not significantly decrease the AM root attachment area or ultimate failure load in male specimens, as only 2 of the 6 knees were damaged by reaming. In contrast, all 6 of the AM roots in the female knees were damaged by reaming, and on average, reaming decreased the female AM root attachment area by 19% and significantly decreased ultimate failure load by 37% ( P = .028). There was a strong negative correlation ( R2 = 0.77) between reamed tunnel–AM root overlap area and medial-lateral width in female but not in male knees. Conclusion: Standard reaming for an IM tibial nail induced significant damage to the AM meniscal root in smaller, female specimens, whereas larger, male specimens were not affected. Clinical Relevance: These findings may suggest that improvements in current guidelines and surgical techniques are warranted to prevent iatrogenic injury to the AM meniscal root during intramedullary reaming for tibial shaft fractures in females and in smaller patients.
Construction of joint confidence regions for the optimal true class fractions of Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) surfaces and manifolds
Authors: Bantis Leonidas E , Nakas Christos T , Reiser Benjamin , Myall Daniel , Dalrymple-Alford John C 
Published: April 2015

The three-class approach is used for progressive disorders when clinicians and researchers want to diagnose or classify subjects as members of one of three ordered categories based on a continuous diagnostic marker. The decision thresholds or optimal cut-off points required for this classification are often chosen to maximize the generalized Youden index (Nakas et al., Stat Med 2013; 32: 995–1003). The effectiveness of these chosen cut-off points can be evaluated by estimating their corresponding true class fractions and their associated confidence regions. Recently, in the two-class case, parametric and non-parametric methods were investigated for the construction of confidence regions for the pair of the Youden-index-based optimal sensitivity and specificity fractions that can take into account the correlation introduced between sensitivity and specificity when the optimal cut-off point is estimated from the data (Bantis et al., Biomet 2014; 70: 212–223). A parametric approach based on the Box–Cox transformation to normality often works well while for markers having more complex distributions a non-parametric procedure using logspline density estimation can be used instead. The true class fractions that correspond to the optimal cut-off points estimated by the generalized Youden index are correlated similarly to the two-class case. In this article, we generalize these methods to the three- and to the general k-class case which involves the classification of subjects into three or more ordered categories, where ROC surface or ROC manifold methodology, respectively, is typically employed for the evaluation of the discriminatory capacity of a diagnostic marker. We obtain three- and multi-dimensional joint confidence regions for the optimal true class fractions. We illustrate this with an application to the Trail Making Test Part A that has been used to characterize cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson’s disease.
Building resilience through group visual arts activities: Findings from a scoping study with young people who experience mental health complexities and/or learning difficulties
Authors: Macpherson Hannah , Hart Angie , Heaver Becky 
Published: April 2015

Summary This article reports research that aimed to identify and evaluate potential resilience benefits of visual arts interventions for young people with complex needs. The study involved a review of the ‘arts for resilience’ literature and a case study of 10 weekly resilience-building arts workshops for 10 young people experiencing mental health complexities and/or learning difficulties. Findings We found a significant existing evidence-base linking visual arts practice to individual and community resilience, across disciplinary fields including art therapy, social work, community health, visual arts practice and geographies of health. Visual art activities were utilised to both educate young people about resilience and enhance young people’s overall resilience. Qualitative research material developed from the case study shows that even short-term visual arts interventions can impact on young people’s resilience – crucially, participation was extremely beneficial to young people’s sense of belonging and ability to cope with difficult feelings (topics which arose repeatedly during interview, focus group discussion and observation). Applications Our review and findings from this small case study provide some initial insights into the resilience benefits of participation in visual arts activities. This, combined with the resilience-based practice framework presented here, could aid the effective targeting of interventions for social workers and others working with young people with complex needs. Alongside this research paper, an arts for resilience practice guide has been produced by the project team (including young people). It contains instructions on how to conduct a range of practical visual arts activities that we identified as being resilience-promoting.
Prepared enough to practise? Evaluating a study programme in social work
Authors: Engelberg Elisabeth , Limbach-Reich Arthur 
Published: April 2015

Summary Following the so-called Bologna reform in Luxembourg, 70 supervisors assessed the knowledge and skills of employees having qualified with a Bachelor’s degree under the recently introduced curriculum in social work and pedagogy. The supervisors were solicited as part of quality assurance regarding the study programme and their assessments were gathered by means of a questionnaire. The University of Luxembourg funded the study. Findings The newly qualified practitioners were evaluated as adequately trained, while the need was highlighted for a better understanding of the process through which beginner practitioners are socialised into the profession. The results furthermore suggest that practice proficiency extensively draws on generic skills of particular relevance to the social professions. Applications The findings prompt a more specific focus on generic skills and their role in developing proficiency during practice placements as well as during the first year of employment. Overall, the study serves as one example of how to evaluate the readiness to practise of newly qualified practitioners in the social professions. The output of such skills assessments could inform on any need for curriculum revision at a local level. With a cross-national and comparative approach, evaluations of this kind could potentially guide any adaptations needed in response to the increasing internationalisation of social problems.
Youth-Perceived Burden of Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Markowitz Jessica T. , Volkening Lisa K. , Butler Deborah A. , Laffel Lori M. B. 
Published: April 2015

Background: Management of type 1 diabetes in childhood can be challenging and overwhelming. Despite availability of advanced treatments and new technologies, the burden has not decreased as current approaches to intensive therapy are not without need for patient involvement. This study aimed to design and validate a measure of youth-reported burden related to type 1 diabetes management. Method: A multidisciplinary pediatric diabetes team designed the survey, based on a previously validated parent measure of diabetes-related burden (PAID-PR); survey revisions and pilot testing followed. The 20-item PAID-Peds assesses burden over the past month. Youth with type 1 diabetes (N = 126, ages 8-17, intensively treated with insulin pump therapy or multiple daily injections) completed the new survey, along with other surveys; parents completed companion measures. Electronic medical records and blood glucose meter download provided other salient data. Results: The PAID-Peds displayed excellent internal consistency (α = .94) and acceptable test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation .66, P < .0001). The PAID-Peds correlated significantly with both youth and parent reports of diabetes-specific family conflict, negative affect around blood glucose monitoring, depressive symptomatology, trait anxiety, and quality of life. It was not correlated with demographic or clinical characteristics of the youth. Conclusions: This new measure, the PAID-Peds, of youth-reported burden related to type 1 diabetes may have clinical and research utility, particularly in the current era of emerging diabetes technologies that require ongoing patient input.
CT urography as the first line investigation for haematuria: is it truly indicated? A single centre analysis of the use of CT urography in the haematuria clinic
Authors: Devlin Conor M , Hull Giselle , Coupland Alex , Gill Kanwar , Browning Anthony 
Published: April 2015

Introduction: Computed tomographic urography (CTU) is gaining popularity as the first line investigation for haematuria. It can be used to produce a ‘true’ one-stop clinical assessment. However, a large number of investigations can be negative, exposing patients to a number of risks. Objective: We set out to evaluate the use of CTU in our one-stop haematuria clinic to see if it supported the utilisation of CTU as a triage investigation for haematuria. Methods: Retrospective analysis of all CT urograms performed (508) in our trust in 2013 took place. CTUs requested from the haematuria clinic were identified and analysed further. Results: A total of 1086 patients attended the haematuria clinic in 2013. 168 males and 78 females (median age 64, range 25 to 90) went on to have further CTU investigation after ultrasonography (USS) and cystoscopy. Visible haematuria (VH) was reported in 95% of cases. All 9 confirmed cases of upper tract urothelial carcinoma lesions presented with VH (age > 50); 8 out of 9 had reported hydronephrosis on USS. The overall negative predictive CTU rate was 96%. Conclusion: Our results show that a large number of CTUs are negative. The use of risk stratification, with particular emphasis on the ultrasonography result, gives adequate guidance on the cases that require further CTU investigation, supportive of the current European Association of Urology guidelines. Our results do not support the use of CTU as a first line or triage investigation for haematuria.
Personalized activity index, a new safety monitoring tool for multiple sclerosis clinical trials
Authors: Zhao Yinshan , Kondo Yumi , Traboulsee Anthony , Li David KB , Riddehough Andrew , Petkau A John 
Published: April 2015

Background An abnormal increase of contrast-enhancing lesion (CEL) counts on frequent MRIs is interpreted as a signal of potential worsening in multiple sclerosis (MS) clinical trials. We demonstrate the utility of the MR personalized activity index (MR-pax) to identify such increases. Methods We analyzed a previous Phase II study in relapsing patients ( n = 167) with MRIs at screening, baseline and months 1–6. We performed five consecutive reviews at 90-day intervals. At each review, we evaluate the MR-pax for each patient and also identify those who meet the rule-of-five (an ad-hoc guideline currently in use). To evaluate its clinical relevance, we assess the relation between having a small MR-pax (≤0.05; indicating an unexpected CEL increase) and relapse status in the 12 weeks post-review. Results Of the 399 patient reviews, 35 cases met the rule-of-five; 35 had an MR-pax ≤ 0.05; 18 met both criteria. The proportions experiencing clinical relapse are 63% among those meeting the rule-of-five, 61% among those with MR-pax ≤0.05, and 83% for those meeting both criteria, more than double the rate of those meeting neither criterion (40%). Conclusion A guideline combining this new personalized index and the existing threshold-based criterion is able to better identify patients with a higher risk of experiencing relapses.
Who Will Walk Again? Effects of Rehabilitation on the Ambulatory Status in Elderly Patients Undergoing Hemiarthroplasty for Femoral Neck Fracture
Authors: Zhang Junren , Ang Mu Liang , Kwek Ernest Beng Kee 
Published: April 2015

Introduction: Femoral neck fractures in elderly patients result in significant reduction in mobility. Deconditioning takes place quickly without early ambulation postsurgery. A recent Cochrane review found inconclusive evidence on the rehabilitation protocol required to effectively restore patients’ prefracture mobility status. This study was conducted to determine the effects of different rehabilitation approaches on the functional and mobility outcomes of elderly patients after hip hemiarthroplasty for femoral neck fractures. Materials and Methods: We enrolled consecutive patients aged >65 years, admitted into a tertiary orthopedic unit from January to December 2010, who had undergone hip hemiarthroplasty. They were divided into 3 cohorts: (a) home with outpatient rehabilitation, (b) intensive short rehabilitation, and (c) extended slow-stream rehabilitation. Clinical variables were collected along with outcome variables of Modified Harris Hip Score, Parker Mobility Score (PMS), and the return to near premorbid ambulatory status at 1 year (PMS decrease of ≤2). Results: A total of 133 patients were recruited and followed up for a year. The 3 cohorts were found to be comparable for prefall cardiovascular diseases, PMS, and Katz Index, although it was found that in the slow-stream cohort, there was a greater percentage of patients with previous cerebrovascular accidents. Patients in the intensive short rehabilitation cohort were found to have a higher proportion of patients returning to prefracture mobility, with the odds ratio of 2.3478 (95% confidence interval: 1.0667 to 5.1674; P = .042) after multivariate analysis. Conclusions: Elderly patients >65 years who had undergone hemiarthroplasty would likely benefit most from an intensive inpatient rehabilitation program.
Sample conditions determine the ability of thrombin generation parameters to identify bleeding phenotype in FXI deficiency
Authors: Pike Gillian N. , Cumming Anthony M. , Hay Charles R. M. , Bolton-Maggs Paula H. B. , Burthem John 
Published: April 2015

Key PointsWhen contact activation is inhibited, Factor XI:C levels only correlate with thrombin generation if platelets are present. Thrombin generation measured in platelet-rich plasma with contact activation inhibition identifies bleeding phenotype in FXI deficiency.
Adaptation, Clonal Interference, and Frequency-Dependent Interactions in a Long-Term Evolution Experiment withEscherichia coli
Authors: Maddamsetti Rohan , Lenski Richard E , Barrick Jeffrey E 
Published: April 2015

AbstractTwelve replicate populations of Escherichia coli have been evolving in the laboratory for &gt;25 years and 60,000 generations. We analyzed bacteria from whole-population samples frozen every 500 generations through 20,000 generations for one well-studied population, called Ara−1. By tracking 42 known mutations in these samples, we reconstructed the history of this population’s genotypic evolution over this period. The evolutionary dynamics of Ara−1 show strong evidence of selective sweeps as well as clonal interference between competing lineages bearing different beneficial mutations. In some cases, sets of several mutations approached fixation simultaneously, often conveying no information about their order of origination; we present several possible explanations for the existence of these mutational cohorts. Against a backdrop of rapid selective sweeps both earlier and later, two genetically diverged clades coexisted for &gt;6000 generations before one went extinct. In that time, many additional mutations arose in the clade that eventually prevailed. We show that the clades evolved a frequency-dependent interaction, which prevented the immediate competitive exclusion of either clade, but which collapsed as beneficial mutations accumulated in the clade that prevailed. Clonal interference and frequency dependence can occur even in the simplest microbial populations. Furthermore, frequency dependence may generate dynamics that extend the period of coexistence that would otherwise be sustained by clonal interference alone.
New mammalian records in the Parque Nacional Cerros de Amotape, northwestern Peru
Authors: Hurtado Cindy M. , Pacheco Víctor 
Published: April 2015

The Pacific Tropical Rainforest and Equatorial Dry Forest are found only in southern Ecuador and northern Peru, and are among the most poorly known ecosystems of South America. Even though these forests are protected in Parque Nacional Cerros de Amotape (PNCA), they are threatened by fragmentation because of farming and agriculture. The aim of this study was to determine the medium and large mammalian species richness, using transect census, camera trapping, and specimen bone collection. Nine transects were established and 21 camera trap stations were placed along 16 km2 in three localities of PNCA, from August 2012 to April 2013. Total sampling effort was 215 km of transects and 4077 camera-days. We documented 22 species; including 17 with camera trapping, 11 with transect census, and 10 with specimen collection. Camera traps were the most effective method, and four species (Dasyprocta punctata, Cuniculus paca, Leopardus wiedii and Puma concolor) were documented only with this method. This comprised the first Peruvian record for Dasyprocta punctata, and the first record for the western slope of the Peruvian Andes for Cuniculus paca. Also, both specimen collections and sightings confirm the presence of Potos flavus, first record in the western slope of the Peruvian Andes. Panthera onca, Tremarctos ornatus and Saimiri sciureus are considered locally extinct, while several species are in need of further research. We highlight the importance of the high diversity of this rainforests and encourage local authorities to give the area the highest priority in conservation.
Entre opportunité et risque : l’usage du crédit dans les raffineries de sucre françaises au XVIII e siècle
Authors: Villeret Maud 
Published: April 2015

Si l’importance du crédit dans les affaires des négociants à la période moderne a suscité l’attention des historiens, les études sur l’industrie sont moins répandues. Les sommes en jeu sont pourtant considérables et atteignent, voire dépassent, celles mobilisées par les plus grands négociants, comme l’atteste l’étude des raffineries de sucre. La lecture des bilans et des livres de compte met en évidence la complexité et l’importance du crédit dans ces jeunes manufactures. Les liens de crédit sont complexes dans la filière : en amont, les raffineurs sont les débiteurs des négociants de sucre brut et d’une multitude de fournisseurs ; en aval, ils sont les créditeurs des marchands en gros et des détaillants. Le crédit représente une part conséquente de l’actif des jeunes industries, loin devant les capitaux mobilisés pour les bâtiments ou les ustensiles. Il permet de pallier l’absence de numéraire et de tisser des liens de confiance avec la clientèle. Le paiement différé à long terme est donc devenu la règle dans le commerce de produits coloniaux. Pourtant les industriels sont parvenus à maîtriser leur niveau d’endettement grâce à l’escompte et à limiter les risques en s’informant précisément sur leurs débiteurs. Lors des difficultés financières d’un partenaire commercial, c’est la recherche du compromis qui l’emporte. Finalement, les liens du crédit sont rarement rompus, et les faillites en chaîne causées par un débiteur défaillant restent peu nombreuses.
La mutualité du crédit des “grandes familles” du Nord, au cœur du système financier régional (région lilloise, XIX e siècle)
Authors: Mastin Jean-Luc 
Published: April 2015

Loin de se réduire à un crédit commercial à court terme lié à des achats et des ventes, dont les limites sont d’ailleurs floues et les formes variables, le crédit inter-entreprises s’étend au crédit à long terme (commandite, location d’usines). Il sert alors des stratégies industrielles, commerciales, et financières, notamment des alliances entre groupes. Il est également indirect : il est courant de prêter sa signature pour garantir le crédit d’une autre entreprise, notamment auprès des banques. Dans la région lilloise, où l’endettement mutuel est recherché par les « grandes familles », il tisse un réseau de dettes et de participations qui renforce la solidarité de la place.
La chute de la Banque des États-Unis (1830-années 1850)
Authors: Lévy-Leboyer Maurice 
Published: April 2015

Cet article se centre sur les conséquences de la chute, en 1841, de la Seconde Banque des États-Unis (BUS), après qu’elle eut perdu en 1836 le rôle de « banque centrale » qu’elle avait assuré pendant 20 ans (notamment sous la présidence de Nicholas Biddle depuis 1823). Ces conséquences ont été principalement d’ordre extérieur, renforçant la dépendance du système financier américain vis-à-vis de l’Angleterre. Sur le plan intérieur, l’absence de banque centrale n’a pas handicapé le pays ; le système bancaire s’est réorganisé et le cycle économique s’est stabilisé. Concernant l’impact de la chute de la BUS sur le paysage bancaire, on observe un découplage entre les banques du nord-est qui se renforcèrent et celles du sud qui subirent de lourdes pertes. L’article est toutefois plus critique concernant l’effet sur la crise de 1837 puisque selon lui la croissance du nombre de banques et de la masse monétaire qui a fait suite au retrait de la BUS a eu un effet déstabilisateur sur le système financier.