bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances in biomaterials for oral-maxillofacial bone regeneration: spotlight on periodontal and alveolar bone strategies
Authors: Li Nayun , Wang Jinyu , Feng Guangxia , Liu Yuqing , Shi Yunsong , Wang Yifan , Chen Lili 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The intricate nature of oral-maxillofacial structure and function, coupled with the dynamic oral bacterial environment, presents formidable obstacles in addressing the repair and regeneration of oral-maxillofacial bone defects. Numerous characteristics should be noticed in oral-maxillofacial bone repair, such as irregular morphology of bone defects, homeostasis between hosts and microorganisms in the oral cavity and complex periodontal structures that facilitate epithelial ingrowth. Therefore, oral-maxillofacial bone repair necessitates restoration materials that adhere to stringent and specific demands. This review starts with exploring these particular requirements by introducing the particular characteristics of oral-maxillofacial bones and then summarizes the classifications of current bone repair materials in respect of composition and structure. Additionally, we discuss the modifications in current bone repair materials including improving mechanical properties, optimizing surface topography and pore structure and adding bioactive components such as elements, compounds, cells and their derivatives. Ultimately, we organize a range of potential optimization strategies and future perspectives for enhancing oral-maxillofacial bone repair materials, including physical environment manipulation, oral microbial homeostasis modulation, osteo-immune regulation, smart stimuli-responsive strategies and multifaceted approach for poly-pathic treatment, in the hope of providing some insights for researchers in this field. In summary, this review analyzes the complex demands of oral-maxillofacial bone repair, especially for periodontal and alveolar bone, concludes multifaceted strategies for corresponding biomaterials and aims to inspire future research in the pursuit of more effective treatment outcomes.
‘Help Shelter Mend a Broken Family’: Homes, Homelessness, and Crisis in 1960s Britain
Authors: Page Adam 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In 1966, a new homelessness charity, Shelter, set out to redefine the homeless as impoverished families enduring poor or insecure housing rather than single men living on the street. Through a series of ‘hard-hitting’ reports and adverts, the group highlighted the destructiveness of poor housing on young families and gained a prominent national voice. This article examines Shelter’s campaigns in the 1960s to examine how debates about homes and homelessness can reframe the development of discourses of ‘crisis’ that defined the 1970s and provided a key narrative of Thatcherism. It focuses on how Shelter deployed ideas of childhood, family, and the family home, often echoing theories of leading child psychiatrists of the post-war period, to warn of the profound and acute danger that the housing crisis represented to British society. Shelter’s prominent and successful adverts and campaigns drew on growing anxieties about social and economic crisis, but did not discuss key issues of unemployment, racial discrimination, and deindustrialization. Instead, Shelter’s campaigns focused on the damage poor housing did to family life and the education and life chances of individual children. Discourses of crisis in this period are often associated with ‘inner cities’ and failing reconstruction schemes, but Shelter presented an image of social crisis that was centred in the family and the family home. By analysing how Shelter drew on fears about the coming social crisis, the article suggests that the family home and the life chances of individuals were central to popular understandings and perceptions of crisis before the 1970s.
Behavioral, biochemical, histopathological evaluation and gene expression of brain injury induced by nanoceria injected intranasal or intraperitoneal in mice
Authors: Saeed Hanan E , Ibrahim Rasha Ragab , Kamel Shaimaa , El-Nahass El-Shaymaa , Khalifa Ahlam G 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundNanotechnology has shown a remarkable progress nevertheless, there is a growing concern about probable neurotoxic and neurodegenerative effects due to NPs exposure. Various toxicological and epidemiological studies reported that the brain is a main target for ultrafine particles. Brain inflammation is considered as a possible mechanism that can participate to neurotoxic and neurodegenerative effects. Whether nanoparticles (NPs) may produce neurotoxicity and promote neurodegenerative is largely unstudied. The present study was done to investigate whether intranasal and intra-peritoneal exposure to cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2NPs, nanoceria (NC)) could cause neurotoxicity and neurodegenerative changes in the brain tissue through conducting some behavioral tests, biochemical evaluation, histopathological examinations of brain hippocampus and gene expressions.MethodFifteen mice were separated into 3 equal groups. In group (I) “control group”, mice were received distilled water orally and kept as a control group. Mice in the group (II) “NC I/P group” were injected i.p with cerium oxide nanoparticles at a dose of 40 mg/kg b.wt, twice weekly for 3 weeks. In group (III) “NC I/N group” mice were received nanoceria intranasally (40 mg/kg b.wt), twice weekly for 3 weeks.ResultsExposure to nanceria resulted in oxidative damage in brain tissue, a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and acetylcholinestrase (AchE) levels, significant decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration, upregulation in the apoptosis-related genes (c-Jun: c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs), c-Fos: Fos protooncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit, c-Myc: c-myelocytomatosis oncogene product or MYC protooncogene, bHLH transcription factor), locomotor and cognitive impairment in mice but the effect was more obvious when nanoceria adminstred intraperitoneally.ConculsionNanoceria cause oxidative damage in brain tissue of mice when adminstred nanoceria intraperitoneally more than those received nanoceria intranasal.
Integrative taxonomy clarifies the armoured catfish Hypostomus pusarum (Starks) species complex (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) and reveals a new species in the drainages of Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Lustosa-Costa Silvia Yasmin , Ramos Telton Pedro Anselmo , Zawadzki Cláudio Henrique , Jacobina Uedson Pereira , Lima Sergio Maia Queiroz 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Hypostomus is the most species-rich genus within the family Loricariidae and is widely distributed throughout the Neotropical region. Nonetheless, the diversity and distribution of these species have still large knowledge gaps. This scenario is more significant in some regions, such as the northeast of Brazil. In this region, the first species of the genus, H. pusarum, was described in the Northeast Caatinga and Costal Drainages ecoregion. Six congeners were subsequently described in the same ecoregion, all sharing the same colour pattern making them difficult to distinguish. All of them are collectively referred to as the H. pusarum complex. The present work seeks to clarify the diversity that constitutes the H. pusarum complex through an integrative study using molecular and morphological data. The results indicate that H. carvalhoi, H. jaguribensis, H. nudiventris, H. papariae, and H. salgadae are all junior synonyms of H. pusarum. However, one of the morphotypes that occurs in the Parnaíba River is a new species that differs from the others by the absence of a developed medial buccal papilla and the presence of a pre-anal plate. The data provided here highlight the importance of integrative taxonomy for assessing diversity in complex and diverse groups in the Neotropics.
Outcomes of De Novo Oligometastatic Breast Cancer Treated With Surgery of Primary and Metastasis Directed Radiotherapy
Authors: Pujari Lincoln , Suresh Arvind , Chowdhury Zachariah , Pradhan Satyajit , Tripathi Mayank , Gupta Anuj , Singh Prarabdh , Giridhar Prashanth , Kapoor Ankita R. , Shinghal Abhishek , Sansar Bipinesh , MV Manikandan 
Published: July 2024

Objectives:
With sensitive imaging for breast cancer, the question arises whether present-day oncologists treat dOMBC with palliative systemic therapy (ST), which, a few years earlier, would have been treated with curative intent. We retrospectively analyzed outcomes of dOMBC treated with curative intent using a combination of surgery, metastasis-directed radiotherapy (RT), and adjuvant/neoadjuvant ST and have also explored the possible role of total lesional glycolysis of metastases and p53 immunohistochemistry in predicting outcomes.

Methods:
Data were collected from a prospectively maintained database using electronic medical records and Radiation Oncology Information System. In the study, dOMBC was defined as up to 3 metastatic sites, all amenable to treatment with ablative RT and primary and axillary disease amenable to curative surgery. Patients were treated with surgery, ST, and RT.

Results:
Patients underwent either breast conservation surgery or modified radical mastectomy. Patients were treated with 6 to 8 cycles of chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant setting. Hormone receptor-positive patients received either tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors. Trastuzumab was offered to Her-2-neu receptor-positive patients. RT included locoregional RT and metastases-directed ablative body RT. The median progression-free survival was 39 months (95% CI: −28.7 to 50.1 mo). Two and 3 year estimated disease-free survival (DFS) was 79% and 60.5%, respectively. The median overall survival was not reached. The estimated 3-year overall survival was 87.3%. Total lesional glycolysis of metastases score and p53 status did not affect DFS.

Conclusion:
Combination treatment of surgery, metastases-directed ablative RT, and ST may provide prolonged DFS in dOMBC.
Palliative care in advanced pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Kalluri Meena 
Published: July 2024

Purpose of review
Updated clinical practice guidelines for pulmonary fibrosis recommend early integrated palliative care using a primary palliative approach. Clinicians need to be aware of the various palliative interventions in order to implement guidelines’ recommendations. This review provides an update on evidence-based palliative therapies.

Recent findings
Literature review indicates early integration of palliative care in pulmonary fibrosis is feasible and meets patient needs. Key components of a primary palliative approach include comprehensive symptoms and needs screening, systematic symptom management using nonpharmacologic interventions, supplemental oxygen and opioids for dyspnea and cough. Patient-centered communication is essential for successful integration of palliative care. Early, iterative advance care planning in clinic to understand patient goals, values and preferences for current and future care, improves patient care and satisfaction. Prioritizing caregiver inclusion in clinics can address their needs. Collaborating with a multidisciplinary allied team facilitates integration of palliative care and supports patients throughout the disease course. Different models of palliative care delivery exist and can be adapted for local use. The use of artificial intelligence algorithms and tools may improve care and continuity.

Summary
Clinicians must develop competency in palliative care. Organizational and policy support is essential to enable seamless integration of palliative care throughout the care continuum.
The future of clinical trials in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Spagnolo Paolo , Maher Toby M. 
Published: July 2024

Purpose of review
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive lung disease with a poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. A multitude of promising compounds are currently being investigated; however, the design and conductance of late-phase clinical trials in IPF has proven particularly challenging.

Recent findings
Despite promising phase 2 data, ziritaxestat, an autotaxin inhibitor, pentraxin-2, an endogenous protein that regulates wound healing and fibrosis, and pamrevlumab, a human monoclonal antibody against connective tissue growth factor, failed to show efficacy in phase 3 trials. Endpoint selection is critical for the design, execution, and success of clinical trials; recently, attention has been paid to the assessment of how patients feel, function, and survive with the aim of aligning scientific objectives and patient needs in IPF. External control arms are control patients that derive from historical randomized controlled trials, registries, or electronic health records. They are increasingly used to assess treatment efficacy in clinical trials owing to their potential to reduce study duration and cost and increase generalizability of findings.

Summary
Advances in study design, end point selection and statistical analysis, and innovative strategies for more efficient enrolment of study participants have the potential to increase the likelihood of success of late-phase clinical trials in IPF.
Prevalence and clinical characterization of hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection among Sudanese patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV): a cross-sectional study
Authors: Alajab Mohamed Bushra , Ibn Auf Bushra , Rafei Ahmed , Abdo Abdelmoneim Eltayeib 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Sudan has a high prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen, exceeding 8%. The prevalence of hepatitis B varies across different regions of Sudan, ranging from 6.8% in central Sudan to as high as 26% in southern Sudan. Hepatitis D virus (HDV) relies on HBV for replication and can accelerate the progression of HBV-related liver diseases, leading to more severe outcomes. This study aims to determine the prevalence of HDV infection among Sudanese patients with HBV-related liver diseases and to investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with HDV co-infection.

Design/method:
This descriptive cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted in Sudan between June and September 2022. Ninety HBV patients aged 16 years and above were included. Patients were interviewed using a structured questionnaire, and medical histories and examinations were recorded. Investigations included liver function tests, abdominal ultrasounds, and ELISA for Anti-HDV IgG.

Results:
In this study of 90 HBV patients, most were male (68.9%) and under 40 years old (58.9%). HDV-IgG antibodies were found in 8 patients (8.9%), all male. Among the HDV-positive patients, one (12.5%) had jaundice and one (12.5%) had ascites. Elevated ALT levels were seen in 50% of HDV-positive patients. One (12.5%) HDV-positive patient had low albumin. Cirrhosis was present in 25% of HDV-positive patients, and HCC was present in 12.5% of HDV-positive patient.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of HDV infection among Sudanese patients with HBV-related liver diseases is 8.9%. This highlights the need for enhanced screening and diagnostic measures in Sudanese populations. Further research is needed to develop targeted interventions.
The beneficial influences of vitamin D intake on inflammation and oxidative stress in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Asemi Reza , Ahmadi Asouri Sahar , Aghadavod Esmat , Jamilian Mehri 
Published: July 2024

Objective:
Oxidative stress and inflammation play a vital function in the pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and infertility. The aim of this work was to control the impacts of vitamin D intake on metabolic profiles in infertile subjects with PCOS.

Trial design and methods:
This randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial was carried out among 40 infertile women with PCOS. Subjects were randomly divided into two intervention groups to take either 50 000 IU vitamin D (n=20) or placebo (n=20) weekly for 8 weeks. Metabolic profiles and few inflammatory cytokines expression evaluated on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of participants, using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method.

Results:
Vitamin D intake decreased high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (−0.9±1.1 vs. 0.3±0.9 mg/l, P=0.002) and elevated total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels (49.2±60.2 vs. −50.6±161.8 mmol/l, P=0.02) compared with placebo; but no significant effects on other metabolic parameters were observed. Moreover, a significant downregulation of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) expression (P=0.03) was observed after taking vitamin D compared with the placebo.

Conclusions:
Overall, vitamin D intake for eight weeks had beneficial impacts on hs-CRP, TAC, and TNF-α among infertile women with PCOS.
Chagas disease in the immunocompromised host
Authors: Clark Eva H. , Bern Caryn 
Published: July 2024

Purpose of review
To highlight recent advances in our understanding of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in immunocompromised individuals, a condition that is increasingly recognized as populations shift and use of immunosuppressive medications becomes more commonplace.

Recent findings
Chagas disease screening programs should include people at risk for both Chagas disease and immunocompromise, e.g. people who have resided for ≥6 months in endemic Latin America who have an immunocompromising condition such as HIV or who are planned to start an immunosuppressive medication regimen. The goal of identifying such individuals is to allow management strategies that will reduce their risk of T. cruzi reactivation disease. For people with HIV-T. cruzi coinfection, strict adherence to antiretroviral therapy is important and antitrypanosomal treatment is urgent in the setting of symptomatic reactivation. People at risk for T. cruzi reactivation due to immunosuppression caused by advanced hematologic conditions or postsolid organ transplantation should be monitored via T. cruzi qPCR and treated with preemptive antitrypanosomal therapy if rising parasite load on serial specimens indicates reactivation. Reduction of the immunosuppressive regimen, if possible, is important.

Summary
Chronic Chagas disease can lead to severe disease in immunocompromised individuals, particularly those with advanced HIV (CD4+ < 200 cells/mm3) or peri-transplantation.
Chitinophaga pollutisoli sp. nov., isolated from contaminated sediment
Authors: Lee Dae Seung , Lee Jae Kyeong , Han Dong Min , Baek Ju Hye , Jeon Che Ok 
Published: July 2024

A Gram-stain-negative, yellow-pigmented, and facultatively aerobic bacterium, designated strain GPA1T, was isolated from plastic waste landfill soil in the Republic of Korea. The cells were non-motile short rods exhibiting oxidase-negative and catalase-positive activities. Growth was observed at 15–40 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 6.0–9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0–8.0) and in the presence of 0–2.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0 %). Menaquinone-7 was the sole respiratory quinone, and iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 1
ω5c, and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH were the major cellular fatty acids (>10 % of the total fatty acids). Phosphatidylethanolamine was identified as a major polar lipid. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and 120 concatenated marker protein sequences revealed that strain GPA1T formed a distinct lineage within the genus Chitinophaga. The genome of strain GPA1T was 6078 kb in size with 53.8 mol% G+C content. Strain GPA1T exhibited the highest similarity to Chitinophaga rhizosphaerae T16R-86T, with a 98.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, but their average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values were 82.5 and 25.9 %, respectively. Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and phylogenetic characteristics, strain GPA1T represents a novel species of the genus Chitinophaga, for which the name Chitinophaga pollutisoli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GPA1T (=KACC 23415T=JCM 36644T).
The human cortical motor map in post-stroke hemiparesis in the presence of treatment-related clinically important recovery
Authors: Kitago Tomoko , Silverstein Joshua , Gerber Michael B. , Thomas Charlene , Gerber Linda M. , Thickbroom Gary W. , Edwards Dylan J. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo determine if intervention-related clinical improvement in post-stroke hemiparesis is associated with enlarged primary motor cortex representation.MethodsData were analyzed from a single site subset of the NICHE trial. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) motor mapping was performed in 23 participants (3-12 months post-stroke, 10 female, 40-88 yrs, baseline Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity (FM-UE) range 13-58) before and after intervention. TMS motor maps were acquired for the extensor digitorum communis muscle (EDC) bilaterally, at 110% resting motor threshold (RMT).ResultsImprovement on the primary outcome measure (FM-UE) was statistically and clinically significant (mean pre= 38(±15), post= 45(±16); p <0.001; n=23). Significant improvement was also observed on secondary impairment and activity outcome measures (p<0.05). Ipsilesional hemisphere RMT and map volume (MV) remained unchanged (RMT pre = 42(±13), post = 41(±11), p=0.60; MV pre =77.98(±71.37) mV*mm2, post =109.54(±139.06) mV*mm2, p=0.36). The magnitude of clinical benefit was unrelated to difference in map characteristics from pre to post (Spearman’s rho= 0.06, p=0.79).ConclusionsIntervention-related clinical improvement of the upper limb 3-12 months following stroke, was not associated with change in motor cortex excitability or increase in motor maps. Clinical improvements may not solely rely on consistent changes in the cortical motor representation.
The Impact of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on SM23-33 Abundance in Stool and Children with Obesity: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis
Authors: Zhang Min 
Published: July 2024

SummaryBackgroundChildren with obesity may be associated with gut microbiota and omega-3 fatty acids. However, the understanding of children with obesity, gut microbiota, and omega-3 fatty acids remains unclear.ObjectivesThis study aimed to examine the relationships between omega-3 fatty acids, SM23-33 abundance in stool, and children with obesity.MethodsWe conducted LDSC to assess the genetic correlation between SM23-33 abundance in stool, Omega-3 fatty acids, and children with obesity. Subsequently, bidirectional MR analyses were performed to investigate the causal connections between SM23-33 abundance in stool and children with obesity, while a two-step MR analysis was employed to identify any potential mediation by Omega-3 fatty acids in this relationship. All statistical analyses were carried out using R software, and the STROBE-MR checklist was followed for reporting MR studies.ResultsThere was no significant genetic correlation among SM23-33 abundance in stool, Omega-3 fatty acids, and children with obesity (rg_p>0.05). MR analysis identified SM23-33 abundance in stool causally associated with children with obesity (OR=0.747, 95%CI: 0.584-0.957,P=0.021). Furthermore, there was no strong evidence that genetically predicted children with obesity affected SM23-33 abundance in stool. Further, two-step MR analysis found the associations between SM23-33 abundance in stool and children with obesity were mediated by Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) of Omega-3 fatty acids with proportions of 3.56% (95%CI: 3.43%, 3.69.0%).ConclusionsThe present study provides evidence supporting the causal relationships between SM23-33 Abundance in Stool and Children with Obesity, with a potential effect mediated by Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA).