bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of serological biomarkers by proximity extension assay for detection of colorectal neoplasias in symptomatic individuals
Authors: Thorsen Stine Buch , Lundberg Martin , Villablanca Andrea , Christensen Sarah Louise T , Belling Kirstine Christensen , Nielsen Birgitte Sander , Knowles Mick , Gee Nick , Nielsen Hans Jørgen , Brünner Nils , Christensen Ib Jarle , Fredriksson Simon , Stenvang Jan , Assarsson Erika 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Although the potential of biomarkers to aid in early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) is recognized and numerous biomarker candidates have been reported in the literature, to date only few molecular markers have been approved for daily clinical use.

Methods
In order to improve the translation of biomarkers from the bench to clinical practice we initiated a biomarker study focusing on a novel technique, the proximity extension assay, with multiplexing capability and the possible additive effect obtained from biomarker panels. We performed a screening of 74 different biomarkers in plasma derived from a case–control sample set consisting of symptomatic individuals representing CRC patients, patients with adenoma, patients with non-neoplastic large bowel diseases and healthy individuals.

Results
After statistical evaluation we found 12 significant indicators of CRC and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), Transferrin Receptor-1 (TFRC), Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), Osteopontin (OPN/SPP1) and cancer antigen 242 (CA242) showed additive effect. This biomarker panel identified CRC patients with a sensitivity of 56% at 90% specificity and thus the performance is sufficiently high to further investigate this combination of five proteins as serological biomarkers for detection of CRC. Furthermore, when applying the indicators to identify early-stage CRC a combination of CEA, TFRC and CA242 resulted in a ROC curve with an area under the curve of 0.861.

Conclusions
Five plasma protein biomarkers were found to be potential CRC discriminators and three of these were additionally found to be discriminators of early-stage CRC. These explorative data in symptomatic individuals demonstrates the feasibility of the multiplex proximity extension assay for screening of potential serological protein biomarkers and warrants independent analyses in a larger sample cohort, including asymptomatic individuals, to further validate the performances of our CRC biomarker panel.
Radiation testing of the AeroForm co2-based breast tissue expander implant
Authors: Rembert James L , Heitz Roxana , Hoffman Adam 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Tissue expanders are used in breast reconstruction after mastectomy to stretch the remaining tissue to create space for placement of permanent breast implants. The AeroForm™ Tissue Expander, developed by AirXpanders™ Inc., contains electronic components designed to activate the release of carbon dioxide from an internal reservoir to inflate the expander. Breast cancer patients who undergo mastectomy and tissue expander/implant-based breast reconstruction may require radiation therapy at doses up to 50–60 Gy while the expander is in place. The ionizing radiation used in postmastectomy radiation therapy interacts with electronic components in medical implants, which may cause degradation in performance above certain levels. Most commercial electronic components used in medical devices, such as complementary metal-oxide semiconductor or bipolar integrated circuits can withstand radiation levels in the 50 Gy range without any performance degradation. Beyond this level, the performance may still be sufficient to guarantee functionality, but this needs to be confirmed at the system and electronic circuit level. We assessed the impact of radiation levels up to 75 Gy on 32 AeroForm™ Tissue Expanders (AirXpanders, Inc., Palo Alto, CA USA) and on the associated internal printed circuit assemblies.

Findings
The electronics inside the AeroForm™ Tissue Expander implant continued to function properly after exposure to radiation levels up to 75 Gy, which is well above the maximum total dose level typically used in postmastectomy radiation therapy.

Conclusions
Standard postmastectomy radiation therapy doses do not damage or affect the functionality of the AeroForm™ Tissue Expander.
The prevalence and incidence, resource use and financial costs of treating people with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the United Kingdom (1998 to 2010)
Authors: Holden Sarah E , Jenkins-Jones Sara , Poole Chris D , Morgan Christopher Ll , Coghill David , Currie Craig J 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundAttention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common disorder that often presents in childhood and is associated with increased healthcare resource use. The aims of this study were to characterise the epidemiology of diagnosed ADHD in the UK and determine the resource use and financial costs of care.MethodsFor this retrospective, observational cohort study, patients newly diagnosed with ADHD between 1998 and 2010 were identified from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) and matched to a randomly drawn control group without a diagnosis of ADHD. The prevalence and incidence of diagnosed ADHD were calculated. Resource utilisation and corresponding financial costs post-diagnosis were estimated for general practice contacts, investigations, prescriptions, outpatient appointments, and inpatient admissions.ResultsIncidence of diagnosed ADHD (and percentage change using 1998 as a reference) increased from 6.9 per 100,000 population in 1998 to 12.2 per 100,000 (78%) in 2007 and then fell to 9.9 per 100,000 (44%) by 2009. The corresponding prevalence figures were 30.5, 88.9 (192%) and 81.5 (167%) per 100,000. Incidence and prevalence were higher in males than females. Mean annual total healthcare costs were higher for ADHD cases than controls (£1,327 versus £328 for year 1, £1,196 vs. £337 for year 2, £1,148 vs. £316 for year 3, £1,126 vs. £325 for year 4, and £1,112 vs. £361 for year 5).ConclusionsThe prevalence of diagnosed ADHD in routine practice in the UK was notably lower than in previous reports, and both prevalence and incidence of diagnosed ADHD in primary care have fallen since 2007. Financial costs were more than four times higher in those with ADHD than in those without ADHD.
MicroRNA-20b and ERK1/2 pathway independently regulate the expression of tissue factor in hematopoietic and trophoblastic differentiation of human embryonic stem cells
Authors: Yu Yan-Hui , Wu Deng-Shu , Huang Fang-Fang , Zhang Zheng , Liu Lin-Xin , Zhang Jian , Zhan Hui-En , Peng Min-Yuan , Zeng Hui , Chen Fang-Ping 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Introduction
Tissue factor (TF) is expressed in various types of cells. TF expression is essential for many biological processes, such as blood coagulation and embryonic development, while its high expression in stem cells often leads to failure of transplantation. In this study, we used the human embryonic stem cell (hESC) culture system to understand the molecular mechanisms by which TF expression is regulated in hESC-derived hematopoietic and trophoblastic cells.

Methods
hESCs were induced in vitro to differentiate into hematopoietic and trophoblastic cells. TF expression in various types of cells during these differentiation processes was examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis and western blot analysis. The regulatory mechanisms of TF expression were investigated by miRNA expression analysis, luciferase report assay, TF mRNA and protein analysis, and pathway phosphorylation analysis.

Results
We first found that TF was expressed only in trophoblasts and granulocyte–monocyte (G-M) cells differentiated from hESCs; and then demonstrated that miR-20b downregulated and Erk1/2 signaling pathway upregulated the TF expression in trophoblasts and G-M cells. Finally, we found that miR-20b downregulated the TF expression independently of the Erk1/2 signaling pathway.

Conclusions
The miR-20b and Erk1/2 pathway independently regulate expression of TF in trophoblasts and G-M cells differentiated from hESCs. These findings will open an avenue to further illustrate the functions of TF in various biological processes.
Self-supplementation and effects of dietary antioxidants during acute thermal stress
Authors: Beaulieu Michaël , Haas Anabel , Schaefer H. Martin 
Published: October 2013

Summary
Thermal stress leads to increased production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). If the organism is not able to simultaneously mount an efficient antioxidant defense system, this may lead to increased oxidative damage, potentially deleterious in terms of health and fitness. Exposure to cold or heat is therefore expected to be associated with a high demand for antioxidants. In agreement, several studies have shown that supplementing the diet of thermally-stressed organisms with antioxidants leads to a reduction of oxidative damage. However, whether organisms can actively supplement their diet with antioxidants to alleviate temperature-induced oxidative damage is unknown. Here, we show that captive Gouldian finches (Erythrura gouldiae) supplement their diet more with seeds rich in antioxidants below than within their thermoneutral zone. Moreover, having access to seeds rich in antioxidants at temperature below thermoneutrality decreases their oxidative damage. These results indicate that, when facing a thermal challenge, animals are able to take advantage of the antioxidant properties of their food to improve their oxidative balance. Having access to food resources rich in antioxidants may therefore be of primary importance for organisms in their natural habitat, as it may help them to cope with oxidative constraints due to challenging temperature regimes.
Clinicolaboratory Study of Mother-to-Neonate Transmission of Hepatitis E Virus in Egypt
Authors: Zaki Maysaa El Sayed , Aal Amena Abd El , Badawy Ahmed , El- Deeb Douaa Raafat , El-Kheir Nermin Youssef Abo 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Objectives:
To study the presence of hepatitis E viremia in neonates with congenital infections.

Methods:
We included 29 neonates with clinical signs and symptoms suggesting congenital infections, along with their mothers. The control group comprised 29 healthy neonates and their mothers. Laboratory evaluations were performed for each sample for liver function profiles and virological studies for hepatitis viruses B, C, and E.

Results:
The most common viral markers in mothers were for hepatitis C immunoglobulin G (IgG) (41%), followed by hepatitis B surface antigen (34%) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) IgG (31%). The most common presentations in neonates were respiratory distress syndrome, followed by preterm birth and signs of sepsis (both 41%) and hepatosplenomegaly (13%).

Conclusions:
This study highlights the occurrence of HEV infection among other etiological conditions causing congenital infections. Vertical transmission from mothers was common in our patients. Although HEV ran a milder course, more studies are needed.
The Truth about Crime Statistics
Authors: Lewis Chris 
Published: October 2013

This paper aims to improve public understanding of crime statistics. It is based on the experience of the author as Chief Statistician at the Home Office. It takes a historical perspective, looking back over the last 60 years and forward for a further generation. It takes a technological perspective as crime is constantly changing with the development of new technologies, goods and services. It also takes a crime prevention perspective as some recent reductions in crime have followed improvements in crime prevention. The paper concludes that the recent published falls in crime statistics are real but that the current measures are inadequate to cope with a changing trend in criminal activity, away from ‘conventional’ crimes such as robbery, theft and burglary, towards a greater concentration on Internet crime, frauds of all kinds and the various kinds of corruption associated with the global economy and the growth in electronic commerce.
The Global Need to Define Normality: The 99th Percentile Value of Cardiac Troponin
Authors: Sandoval Yader , Apple Fred S 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

BACKGROUND
How to select a presumably normal population for the establishment of 99th percentile cutoffs for cardiac troponin assays has not been adequately addressed. Lack of attention to this question can result in misleading medical decision cutoffs.

CONTENT
From our review of the peer-reviewed literature, including international recommendations, no uniform procedure is followed and no uniform guideline has been published by experts or regulatory agencies to guide researchers or manufacturers of cardiac troponin assays in their quest to define the health or “normality” of a reference population that is used to establish an accurate 99th percentile value. As we progress globally into the era of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin assays, we propose several suggested approaches to define presumably normal individuals by use of clinical and biomarker surrogates.

SUMMARY
Our uniform approach to defining who is normal and who may not be normal will help to define diagnostic and risk outcomes assessments in the management of patients with suspected myocardial injury, both for use in current clinical practice and clinical research, as well as for the potential future use of cardiac troponin in primary prevention.
Twenty-five years of idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis: has anything changed?
Authors: Nouvenne Antonio , Ticinesi Andrea , Allegri Franca , Guerra Angela , Guida Loredana , Morelli Ilaria , Borghi Loris , Meschi Tiziana 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis (ICN) is a disease whose prevalence is rising. Our aim was to assess whether lifestyle indicators and habits of calcium stone formers in Italy have changed over the last 25 years, trying to establish a connection with the diffusion of Internet access. Therefore we examined the database of the Stone Clinic of Parma University Hospital and extracted 1952 (1192 M, 760 F) patients with ICN who underwent a full clinical and laboratory evaluation from 1986 to 2010. Laboratory evaluation included data on urinary 24-h volume, pH, sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphate, uric acid, magnesium, oxalate, and citrate. Patients were split in three groups on a chronological basis, according to official EUROSTAT-ISTAT data of Internet connection among families in Italy: Group 1, pre-Internet era (1986–1998, 853 patients); Group 2, narrow-band era (1999–2004, 467 patients); Group 3, broad-band era (2005–2010, 632 patients). Over the time we found a significant increase in water intake (1.37 vs. 1.78 L in men and 1.21 vs. 1.55 L in women, Group 1 vs. Group 3, p-trend<0.001) and a decrease in urinary sodium and chloride for both genders and calcium and magnesium only for males, while females experienced a slight increase in oxalate excretion. Supersaturation indexes for calcium and uric acid stones dramatically fell for both genders. The percentage of stone formers performing physical activity significantly rise (41% Group 3 vs. 8% Group 1, p<0.001) and we also found a trend of reduction in mean blood pressure. Therefore, the lifestyle of Italian idiopathic calcium stone formers has changed over the last 25 years, and the rising Internet access may have played a great role in driving this change.
K-groups for rings of finite Cohen–Macaulay type
Authors: Holm Henrik 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
For a local Cohen–Macaulay ring R of finite CM-type, Yoshino has
applied methods of Auslander and Reiten to compute the
Grothendieck group K0 of the category mod R of finitely
generated R-modules. For the same type of rings, we compute in
this paper the first Quillen K-group K1(mod R). We also
describe the group homomorphism R*
→ K1(mod R)
induced by the inclusion functor proj R → mod R and
illustrate our results with concrete examples.
Cutaneous Manifestations of ESRD
Authors: Galperin Timur A. , Cronin Antonia J. , Leslie Kieron S. 
Published: October 2013

Summary
A broad range of skin diseases occurs in patients with ESRD: from the benign and asymptomatic to the physically disabling and life-threatening. Many of them negatively impact on quality of life. Their early recognition and treatment are essential in reducing morbidity and mortality. The cutaneous manifestations can be divided into two main categories: nonspecific and specific. The nonspecific manifestations are commonly seen and include skin color changes, xerosis, half-and-half nails, and pruritus. The specific disorders include acquired perforating dermatosis, bullous dermatoses, metastatic calcification, and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis. This review article describes these conditions and considers the underlying pathophysiology, clinical presentations, diagnosis, and treatment options.
Synthesis of [Re2Cl4(O)2(µ-O)(3,5-lut)4] and investigation of its structure via X-ray and spectroscopic measurements and DFT calculations
Authors: Michalik Sławomir , Małecki Jan , Młynarczyk Natalia 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA combined experimental and computational study of the dinuclear rhenium(V) complex containing (ReO)2(µ-O) core is presented in this article. The solid-state [Re2Cl4(O)2(µ-O)(3,5-lut)4] (3,5-lut = 3,5-dimethylpyridine) complex was characterised structurally (by single crystal X-ray diffraction) and spectroscopically (by IR, NMR, UV-VIS). The electronic structure was examined using the density functional theory (DFT) method. The spin-allowed electronic transitions were calculated using the time-dependent DFT method, and the UV-VIS spectrum was discussed.
Hyperemia in Plantar Fasciitis Determined by Power Doppler Ultrasound
Authors: McMillan Andrew M. , Landorf Karl B. , Gregg Julie M. , De Luca Jason , Cotchett Matthew P. , Menz Hylton B. 
Published: October 2013

Study Design Cross-sectional observational study. Objectives To investigate the presence of soft tissue hyperemia in plantar fasciitis with power Doppler ultrasound. Background Localized hyperemia is an established feature of tendinopathy, suggesting that neurovascular in-growth may contribute to tendon-associated pain in some patients. The presence of abnormal soft tissue vascularity can be assessed with Doppler ultrasound, and a positive finding can assist with targeted treatment plans. However, very little is known regarding the presence of hyperemia in plantar fasciitis and the ability of routine Doppler ultrasound to identify vascular in-growth in the plantar fascia near its proximal insertion. Methods This observational study included 30 participants with plantar fasciitis unrelated to systemic disease and 30 age- and sex-matched controls. Ultrasound examination was performed with a 13- to 5-MHz linear transducer, and power Doppler images were assessed by 2 blinded investigators. Results Hyperemia of the plantar fascia was present in 8 of 30 participants with plantar fasciitis and in 2 of 30 controls. The between-group difference for hyperemia, using a 4-point scale, was statistically significant, with participants with plantar fasciitis showing increased Doppler ultrasound signal compared to controls (Mann-Whitney U, P = .03). However, the majority of participants with plantar fasciitis with evidence of hyperemia demonstrated very mild color changes, and only 3 were found to have moderate or marked hyperemia. Conclusion Mild hyperemia can occur with plantar fasciitis, but most individuals will not exhibit greater soft tissue vascularity when assessed with routine Doppler ultrasound. Clinicians treating plantar fasciitis should not consider a positive Doppler signal as essential for diagnosis of the condition but, rather, as a feature that may help to refine the treatment plan for an individual patient. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2013;43(12):875–880. Epub 11 October 2013. doi:10.2519/jospt.2013.4810
Rock Mass Rating and Geological Strength Index of rock masses of Thopal-Malekhu River areas, Central Nepal Lesser Himalaya
Authors: Singh Jaya Laxmi , Tamrakar Naresh Kazi 
Published: October 2013

The rock slopes of the Thopal-Malekhu River areas, Lesser Himalaya, were characterized applying various systems of rock mass classification, such as Rock mass Rating (RMR) and Geological Strength Index (GSI), because the study area comprises well exposed rock formations of the Nawakot and Kathmandu Complexes, across the Thopal-Malekhu River areas. In RMR system, mainly five parameters viz. Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS) of rock, Rock Quality Designation (RQD), spacing of discontinuity, condition of discontinuity, and groundwater condition were considered. The new GSI charts, which were suitable for schistose and much disintegrated rock masses, were used to characterize rock slopes based on quantitative analysis of the rock mass structure and surface condition of discontinuities. RMR ranged from 36 to 82 (poor to very good rock mass) and GSI from 13.5±3 to 58±3 (poor to good rock mass). Slates (of the Benighat Slate) are poor rock masses with low strength, very poor RQD, and close to very close spacing of discontinuity, and dolomites (Dhading Dolomite) are fair rocks with disintegrated, poorly interlocked, and heavily broken rock masses yielding very low RMR and GSI values. Phyllites (Dandagaun Phyllite), schist (Robang Formation) and quartzite (Fagfog Quartzite, Robang Formation and Chisapani Quartzite), dolomite (Malekhu Limestone), and metasandstone (Tistung Formation) are fair rock masses with moderate GSI and RMR values, whereas quartzose schist and gneiss (Kulekhani Formation) are very good rock masses having comparatively higher RMR and GSI. The relationship between GSI and RMR shows positive and good degree of correlation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bdg.v16i0.8882 Bulletin of the Department of Geology Vol. 16, 2013, pp. 29-42
Assessment of bacterial load in broiler chicken meat from the retail meat shops in Chitwan, Nepal
Authors: Bhandari N , Nepali DB , Paudyal S 
Published: October 2013

INTRODUCTION: Keeping quality of meat and meat related food hazard relates to microbes present in the meat during processing or storage. The poultry slaughtered and dressed under Chitwan conditions carrying high initial contamination would be present in meat as inherent contamination in the finished products. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 26 fresh broiler meat samples from registered retail shops. The samples were subjected to bacteriological analysis such as total viable count (TVC), total enterobacteriaceae count (TEC), total coliform count (TCC) and total staphylococcal count (TSC). Also, the samples were analyzed for the detection of Salmonella spp. and identified by different biochemical tests. RESULTS: The mean counts in log10±SE colony forming units per gram (cfu/g) for Bharatpur, Ratnanagar and Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS) vicinity were obtained as 11.1±0.3, 11.5±0.3 and 12.2±0.5 TVC; 8.5±0.2, 9.2±0.3 and 10.2±0.4 TEC; 6.5±0.3, 7.6±0.3 and 8.4±0.5 TCC; 6.5±0.2, 6.8±0.3 and 7.7±0.4 TSC respectively. No samples were found to be within the permissible limits given by different agencies. Prevalence of Salmonella spp. in retail broiler meat in Chitwan was found 46.2%. CONCLUSION: The retail broiler meat samples from the locations contain high count of bacteria suggesting deplorable state of hygienic and sanitary practices. The presence of Salmonella and Staphyloccus aureus organisms over the permissible limits are of special concern because these account for potential food borne intoxication. So, the need for microbial assessment of fresh meats can be emphasized. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijim.v2i3.8671 Int J Infect Microbiol 2013;2(3):99-104