bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of psychosis symptoms and psychosocial factors on symptoms of depression among individuals in an early phase of psychosis illness
Authors: Holzworth Joshua , Brdar Nicholas M. , Bornheimer Lindsay A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDepressive symptoms are common among individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, yet few studies have examined how various psychosocial factors and psychosis symptoms relate to depression in an early phase of psychosis illness. A greater understanding regarding the connection between psychosis symptoms and depressive symptoms is needed to inform assessment and intervention efforts in this population. The current study examined the relationships between psychosocial factors (distress, peer rejection, emotional support, perceived hostility), psychosis symptoms (positive, negative, general), and depression among individuals in an early phase of psychosis illness. Data were obtained from the Human Connectome Project for Early Psychosis including 167 individuals between the ages of 16 and 35 at the time of consent who met criteria for having onset of affective or nonaffective psychosis within 5 years. Clinical assessments and questionnaires were administered, and data were analyzed in SPSS and MPlus. Peer rejection (p < 0.05), distress (p < 0.001), perceived hostility (p < 0.05), and general symptoms of psychosis (p < 0.001) significantly related to depression. Bivariate associations existed between all psychosocial factors and psychosis symptoms with the exception of negative symptoms. Understanding symptoms and factors that associate with depression among individuals with psychosis in an early phase of illness can inform tailored intervention approaches of clinicians to focus on distress, peer rejection, perceived hostility, and general psychosis symptoms.
A rotating beam‐blocker method for cone beam CT scatter correction
Authors: Cui Hehe , Zhan Haolin , Yuan Xiaogang , Yang Yidong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundCone beam CT (CBCT) is widely utilized in clinics. However, the scatter artifact degrades the CBCT image quality, hampering the expansion of CBCT applications. Recently, beam‐blocker methods have been used for CBCT scatter correction and proved their high cost‐effectiveness.PurposeA rotating beam‐blocker (RBB) method for CBCT scatter correction was proposed to complete scatter correction and image reconstruction within a single scan in both full‐ and half‐fan scan scenarios.MethodsThe RBB consisted of two open regions and two blocked regions, and was designed as a centrosymmetric structure. The open and blocked projections could be alternatively obtained within one single rotation. The open projections were corrected with the scatter signal calculated from the blocked projections, and then used to reconstruct the 3D image via the Feldkamp‐Davis‐Kress algorithm. The performance of the RBB method was evaluated on head and pelvis phantoms in scenarios with and without a bowtie filter. The images obtained from nine repeated scans in each scenario were used to calculate the evaluation metrics including the CT number error, spatial nonuniformity (SNU) and contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR).ResultsFor the head phantom, the CT number error was decreased to <5 after scatter correction from >200 HU before correction when scanned without a bowtie filter, and to <4 from >160 HU when scanned with a full bowtie filter. For the pelvis phantom, the CT number error was reduced to <12 after scatter correction from >250 HU before correction when scanned without a bowtie filter, and to <10 from >190 HU when scanned with a half bowtie filter. After scatter correction, the uniformity and contrast were both improved, resulting in an SNU of >79% decrease and CNR of >2 times increase, respectively.ConclusionsHigh‐quality CBCT images could be obtained in a single scan after using the proposed RBB method for scatter correction, enabling more accurate image guidance for surgery and radiation therapy applications. With almost no time delay between the successive open and blocked projections, the RBB method could eliminate the motion‐induced anatomical mismatches between the corresponding open and blocked projections and could find particular usefulness in thoracic and abdominal imaging.
Thermorheological complexity in Nylon12‐Cork composites: Role of interfacial compatibilizer
Authors: Alghamdi Saad Saleh , Balu Rajkamal , John Sabu , Choudhury Namita Roy , Dutta Naba K. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHerein, we demonstrate how compatibilizers affect the thermorheological properties and morphology of engineering thermoplastic composites based on nylon and cork. Nylon12 was melt‐mixed with cork treated with four distinct compatibilizers with radically different chemical structures and compositions, respectively: (i) Octadecanamide (ODA), (ii) polyethylene‐graft‐maleic anhydride (PE‐g‐MA), (iii) polypropylene‐graft‐maleic anhydride (PP‐g‐MA), and (iv) (3‐aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTS). The rheological behavior was assessed using an oscillatory rheometer and the morphology was visualized using a scanning electron microscope. The rheological data were thoroughly analyzed using different formalisms based on empirical, phenomenological, and molecular origin, including the Carreau‐model, time–temperature superposition (TTS), Han plot, and van Gurp–Palmen (vGP) plot. It is observed that rheological data of neat nylon can be treated as themorheologically simple. However, the inclusion of cork makes the composite thermorheologically complex and increases the relaxation time (τ) by >50‐fold when compared to the neat polymer. As compatibilizers, ODA and PP‐g‐MA significantly lower τ, improve internal flow behavior, and demonstrate good cork distribution and dispersion. However, PE‐g‐MA does not affect the τ of composites significantly. The application of APTS as a compatibilizer enhances the interfacial interaction between Nylon12 and cork most significantly, which leads to a notable rise in τ, and the composite's elastic modulus surges by two orders in magnitude compared to neat Nylon. Additionally, the polymer melt flow becomes elastically dominant. Finally, it is observed that the Han plot offers a better insight into the correlation between changes in the thermorheological behavior and the microstructural modifications to the composites.Highlights
Utilizing cork particles as a sustainable raw material for engineering thermoplastics.
Quantifying compatibilizer's impact on rheological properties of polymer composite.
Illustrating how interfacial interaction affects thermorheological complexity in composites.
Visualizing morphological change in nylon‐cork composite with interfacial interaction.
Producing lightweight engineering polymer composites using cork as a filler.
Reliability modeling to predict in‐service weatherability of polyurethane nanocomposite coatings: Approach, comparison and validation
Authors: Chatterjee Upashana , Patra Shantanu , Butola Bhupendra S. , Joshi Mangala 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis article addresses the challenge of comparing in‐service weatherability among newly developed coatings. The study aims to compare the durability of three thermoplastic polyurethane‐based coatings specifically formulated for defense inflatables. It introduces a reliability model that incorporates two weathering stresses, namely, ultra‐violet radiation and temperature, to predict the service life of the coatings. A life–stress relationship has been established from the accelerated aging tests, which facilitates the determination of material service life at use level conditions. Notably, the analysis underscores the significant improvement in service lifetime achieved with nanocomposite‐based coatings. The validity of the proposed model is established through comparison with real‐world field test data, emphasizing the effectiveness of the approach in assessing and comparing the performance of the three coated samples. The insights gained from this research will surely contribute to enhancing the durability assessment of coated systems in real‐world conditions for various fields of applications.Highlights
Introduces a unique method to compare weatherability of three polyurethane coatings.
Reliability model predicts service life under UV and temperature stresses.
Life–stress relationship via accelerated aging for accurate service life.
Nanocomposite coatings show longer service life than conventional ones.
Model validated with field data, confirming practical applicability.
Adhesion‐controlled anisotropic rotational molding of multilayered ultrasoft silicone films
Authors: Kaufmann Anke , Schlicht Samuel , Rösel Uta , Drummer Dietmar 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRotational molding allows the manufacturing of geometrically complex, hollow parts while maintaining low tool costs. While the rotational molding of thermoplastics is subject to inherent limitations regarding the wall thickness and processing of ultrasoft materials, the present paper introduces the adhesion‐controlled, highly dynamic rotational molding of room‐temperature curing resins, enabling the fabrication of thin, multilayered films and anisotropic, ultrasoft silicone components at rotational speeds up to 2000 min−1. The studies comprise the influence of the applied rotational speeds and the different molds. Based on scanning electron micrographs, the process is shown to allow for locally tailored part thicknesses, enabling the manufacturing of multilayered films with singular layers obtaining thicknesses below 10 μm. Relying on the control of emerging centripetal forces, the rotational speed depicts a quasi‐linear influence on resulting layer thicknesses, allowing for controlling the film thickness with excellent interlayer bonding. Relying on the superposition of consecutive layers, the adhesion‐controlled process allows for tailoring emerging nonlinear, ultrasoft stress–strain behaviors across a broad range of desired moduli. Conducting compression tests, increased rotational speeds are shown to reduce the part stiffness, attributed to the increased relative influence of interlayer interfaces, allowing for reproducing mechanical characteristics similarly found in ultrasoft human soft tissue.Highlights
Highly dynamic rotational molding of ultrasoft thin films.
Targeted anisotropic structure formation.
High geometric accuracy and reproducibility of thin silicone films.
Targeted adaptability of nonlinear compressive mechanical properties.
Applicability for ultrasoft laryngeal implants.
Assessing the accuracy of two steady‐state temperature models for onboard passenger vehicle photovoltaics applications
Authors: Patel Neel , Pieters Bart E. , Bittkau Karsten , Sovetkin Evgenii , Ding Kaining , Reinders Angèle 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe assess the accuracy of two steady‐state temperature models, namely, Ross and Faiman, in the context of photovoltaics (PV) systems integrated in vehicles. Therefore, we present an analysis of irradiance and temperature data monitored on a PV system on top of a vehicle. Next, we have modeled PV cell temperatures in this PV system, representing onboard vehicle PV systems using the Ross and Faiman model. These models could predict temperatures with a coefficient of determination (R2) in the range of 0.61–0.88 for the Ross model and 0.63–0.93 for the Faiman model. It was observed that the Ross and Faiman model have high errors when instantaneous data are used but become more accurate when averaged to timesteps of greater than 1000–1500 s. The Faiman model's instantaneous response was independent of the variations in the weather conditions, especially wind speed, due to a lack of thermal capacitance term in the model. This study found that the power and energy yield calculations were minimally affected by the errors in temperature predictions. However, a transient model, which includes the thermal mass of the vehicle and PV modules, is necessary for an accurate instantaneous temperature prediction of PV modules in vehicle‐integrated (VIPV) applications.
Multiscale Simulation of CVD Diamond Growth on (1 0 0)‐, (1 1 1)‐, and (1 1 0)‐Oriented Faces
Authors: Valentin Audrey , Kamkoum‐Djouka Divine Regina , Brinza Ovidiu , Bénédic Fabien 
Published: July 2024

The growth of chemical vapor deposition diamond in microwave plasma ignited in H2/CH4 gas mixture is investigated using a multiscale approach. The plasma composition and temperatures are determined as a function of the growth conditions using an axial one‐dimensional simulator. The growth process is then studied at the atomic scale using a kinetic Monte‐Carlo simulator developed for (1 0 0), (1 1 1), and (1 1 0) orientations. The calculated growth rates are then injected in a geometric model that predicts the final morphology of the crystal. The simulation of the growth on an etch pit shows that the time necessary to entirely fill the pit is around half an hour. The study of the growth on the three orientations reveals that the surface temperature and methane concentration influence the number, shape, and size of the islands when they appear. On the (1 0 0) surface, the formation of islands may be related to Stranski–Krastanov growth mode, whereas the (1 1 1) surface conducts to Frank–van der Merwe growth mode, and the (1 1 0) surface is governed by Volmer–Weber growth mode.
Ketone Scope and Their Limitations in Transition Metal Catalyzed Direct Asymmetric Hydrogenative Aminations
Authors: Dharani Sivadasan , Kamran Muhammad , Ma Xinyu , Duan Ya‐Nan , Guo Hongshan , Zhang Congguang , Zhang Runtong , Ma Baode , Bai Shao‐Tao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractChiral amines are valuable building blocks in the manufacture of agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, natural products, fine chemicals, functional materials among others. Compared to asymmetric hydrogenation of imines/enamides and biocatalytic/organocatalytic asymmetric reductive amination, transition metal catalyzed direct asymmetric hydrogenative amination reactions (DAHA) using molecular dihydrogen as the reductant are highly economical, atom and/or step‐efficient and thus attractive for researchers from both industry and academia. In previous reviews, catalysts/methods development, applications in synthesis of pharmaceuticals and [N] source were summarized and discussed. In this review, we summarize and discuss the ketone substrates scope upon utilizing the state‐of‐the‐art transition metal catalysts. The substrate limitations, potential applications and key mechanisms are also critically concluded.
Design, Synthesis, Cytotoxicity and Docking Evaluation of Novel α‐Aminophosphonates Quinoline Thiohydrazineyl Derivatives
Authors: Al Zahrani Nourah A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA one‐pot Kabachnik‐Fields reaction is used in the presence of magnesium triflate [Mg(OTf)2] as a catalyst between quinoline, diethyl phosphite (DEP), and substituted aldehydes to synthesize quinoline thioacetohydrazide α‐aminophosphonates (5 a‐f). Analytical and spectroscopic techniques identify the novel compounds. The cytotoxicity properties of the synthesized compounds were examined against HepG2 and MCF7 human cancer cells using the MTT assay. Some of the synthesized compounds exhibit potent anticancer activities. Compounds 5 e and 5 b exhibited the most promising activity against MCF7 human cancer cells, while compounds 5 c and 5 e were potent against HepG2 human cancer cells. Molecular docking experiments on the active compounds showed ring‐stacking interactions between compounds 5 b, 5 c, and 5 e with other proteins, which are compatible with other results.
In‐Vivo GIT Distribution Study On 99mTc‐Functionalized Bioactive Glass Through an Oral Route for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Kaur Manjot , Santhiya Deenan , Goel Teena , Srivastava Pooja 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBioactive glass (BG) being bioactive, biocompatible, and osteoconductive has been explored as an oral drug carrier. Herein, after bio‐inspired synthesis, radiolabeling of BG is carried out with Technetium (99mTc) to study its biodistribution and analyze its physico‐chemical characteristics. The particles formed were found to be bioactive due to the formation of hydroxyapatite. An in‐vitro cell proliferation assay confirmed the cytocompatibility of BG against Caco‐2 and U2OS cell lines. The cellular uptake studies of BG for caco‐2 cell lines confirms intracellular nanoparticle transport making it suitable oral drug carrier. The radiolabeling efficiency was monitored in‐vitro at different pH levels of gastrointestinal tract (GI) at different time intervals and the efficacy of radiolabeled BG was found to be substantial. Finally, they were orally ingested in a rat model to investigate its biological diffusion. As depicted by SPECT images (Single photon emission computerized tomography), radiolabeled BG were found to be confined in the intestinal (abdomen) region. The goal of this study is to highlight the application of BG as oral drug carrier for the sustained targeted drug delivery to minimize the drug dosage with the least possible side effects.
Development of Defect‐Free Rutile‐TiO2 by N‐Doping and its Enhanced Photocatalytic Efficiency
Authors: Padmini Moorthy , Thilakan Periyasamy 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUndoped and Nitrogen‐doped Rutile‐TiO2 (R‐TiO2) nano‐spindles were synthesized via sol‐gel synthesis. XPS studies revealed the combined presence of Ti4+ and Ti3+ ionic states in the undoped sample. Among them, Ti3+ was observed contributing a trap state in its Photoluminescence spectrum. Whereas, nitrogen doping was found resulting in the presence of Ti4+ state alone without Ti3+, confirmed from the XPS measurement. These corresponding trap states of Ti3+ were also found missing in the photoluminescence spectrum. XRD characterization confirmed the crystallization of rutile structure and their corresponding HR‐TEM studies showed the crystallization of nano‐spindles. Raman studies reveal a grouped red shift in the peak positions of A1g, and Eg peaks and a blue shift of second order peak (241 cm−1) position, especially in N‐doped samples. The values of Flat‐band (FB) potential derived from Electrochemical impedance (EIS) measurement found varied from −0.48 V–−0.71 V for N‐doped samples, which confirms that the energy level of N‐doped R‐TiO2 is higher than the reduction potential of “O2−” (−0.33 V). Hence, the R‐TiO2(N)/electrolyte interface seems facilitating the synergetic charge transport, which in turn exhibits an improvement in the Methylene Blue (MB) dye degradation efficiency from 63 % (undoped R‐TiO2) to 81 % (2 wt. % of N‐doping).
Anti‐Inflammatory Potential of Chalcone Related Compounds: An Updated Review
Authors: Yadav Anup , Sharma Vikas , Singh Gurdeep 
Published: July 2024

AbstractInflammation is a physiological process that involves a variety of inflammatory mediators such as PGE2, Nitric oxides, PLA2 etc., blocking these mediators could be helpful in designing and development of promising anti‐inflammatory compounds. Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been used for the treatment of inflammatory‐related disorders via variety of pathways that include inhibition of COX‐1, COX‐2, LOX, NO etc. Chalcone derivatives, characterized by their unique chemical structure, have emerged as potential candidates for modulating inflammatory pathways. Literature suggested that modifications in chalcone derivatives by targeting different molecular targets could leads to the development of potential anti‐inflammatory agents. In this review, we have summarised representative chalcone derivatives against different anti‐inflammatory targets and discussed their structure‐activity relationship along with relevant data.
Synthesis, In Silico Study and Antimalarial Activity of Triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine Derivatives
Authors: Prajapati Arvind N. , Saiyad Shaffiqali Y. , Bhatt Bhaktiben R. , Patel Tarosh S. , Kataria Vipul B. , Dixit Bharat C. , Dixit Ritu B. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe present study mainly focused on synthesizing novel triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine‐6‐carboxamide derivatives using multicomponent reaction. Synthesized derivatives were duly characterized using spectroscopic methods of analysis FT‐IR and mass spectroscopy, and 1H NMR and 13C NMR confirmed the structure of compounds. Further, the potential of the synthesized compounds against Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase (Pf‐DHFR) inhibitors was evaluated by in vitro antimalarial activity, and the results of the study showed moderate to good antimalarial profile of synthesized entities. In silico study of all the synthesized compounds was carried out using Schrödinger LLC‐2020‐3 Software to explain the binding mode and interactions between molecules and pf DHFR enzyme. To study the drug likeliness of molecules, 3D QSAR and Pharmacokinetic studies have been carried out, and the results obtained showed a good pharmacokinetics profile of two compounds, namely AMP‐24 and AMP‐28, having good IC50 values concerning standard drugs. Further, the in vitro enzyme inhibition assay results suggested that the synthesized compound interacts nicely with the enzyme and might be used as a potent antimalarial agent.
A Current Development of Energy Harvesting Systems for Energy‐Independent Bioimplantable Biosensors
Authors: Choi Hyojeong , Biswas Swarup , Lang Philippe , Bae Jin‐Hyuk , Kim Hyeok 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBiosensors have emerged as vital tools for the detection and monitoring of essential biological information. However, their efficiency is often constrained by limitations in the power supply. To address this challenge, energy harvesting systems have gained prominence. These off‐grid, independent systems harness energy from the surrounding environment, providing a sustainable solution for powering biosensors autonomously. This continuous power source overcomes critical constraints, ensuring uninterrupted operation and seamless data collection. In this article, a comprehensive review of recent literature on energy harvesting‐based biosensors is presented. Various techniques and technologies are critically examined, including optical, mechanical, thermal, and wireless power transfer, focusing on their applications and optimization. Furthermore, the immense potential of these energy harvesting‐driven biosensors is highlighted across diverse fields, such as medicine, environmental surveillance, and biosignal analysis. By exploring the integration of energy harvesting systems, this review underscores their pivotal role in advancing biosensor technology. These innovations promise improved efficiency, reduced environmental impact, and broader applicability, marking significant progress in the field of biosensors.
Microliter Whole Blood Neutrophil Assay Preserving Physiological Lifespan and Functional Heterogeneity
Authors: Li Chao , Hendrikse Nathan W. , Mai Makenna , Farooqui Mehtab A. , Argall‐Knapp Zach , Kim Jun Sung , Wheat Emily A. , Juang Terry 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFor in vitro neutrophil functional assays, neutrophils are typically isolated from whole blood, having the target cells exposed to an artificial microenvironment with altered kinetics. Isolated neutrophils exhibit limited lifespans of only a few hours ex vivo, significantly shorter than the 3–5 day lifespan of neutrophils in vivo. In addition, due to neutrophils’ inherently high sensitivity, neutrophils removed from whole blood exhibit stochastic non‐specific activation that contributes to assay variability. Here, a method – named “µ‐Blood” – is presented that enables functional neutrophil assays using a microliter of unprocessed whole blood. µ‐Blood allows multiple phenotypic readouts of neutrophil function (including cell/nucleus morphology, motility, recruitment, and pathogen control). In µ‐Blood, neutrophils show sustained migration and limited non‐specific activation kinetics (<0.1% non‐specific activation) over 3–6 days. In contrast, neutrophils isolated using traditional methods show increased and divergent activation kinetics (10–70% non‐specific activation) in only 3 h. Finally, µ‐Blood allows the capture and quantitative comparison of distinct neutrophil functional heterogeneity between healthy donors and cancer patients in response to microbial stimuli with the preserved physiological lifespan over 6 days.