bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do combining value estimates increase valuation accuracy? Evidence from Indian chemical industry
Authors: Tiwari Ranjit , Singla Harish Kumar 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– Being a developing nation with huge opportunity of growth prospects the assessment of valuation models becomes important to have a more realistic value estimate. The purpose of this paper is to empirically examine the comparative accuracy and explanatory performance of discounted cash flow (DCF) and residual income model (RIM) valuation models for the Indian chemical industry and come up with a composite valuation model.

Design/methodology/approach
– To achieve the objective of the study the authors first determine the intrinsic values using both the models. Comparisons of the models are based on prediction errors and the explanatory performance of market value on value estimates. The study uses panel regression to forecast estimates of earnings and measure explanatory performance. The authors examine the ability of the value estimates to explain cross-sectional variation in the observed market values. The study also uses GMM method for deriving robust estimators. Variables for the study are collected from the CMIE’s prowess data base (release 4). The authors consider all 1,075 BSE listed chemical companies for the purpose of the study. The study uses annual data points starting from 31 March 2002 to 31 March 2011.

Findings
– The comparative framework shows that both Residual Income model and Composite Valuation model are superior to Discounted cash flow model and are equally likely. But since composite value estimates considers all bonafide informations of individual models, the estimates of Composite Valuation model becomes more reliable.

Research limitations/implications
– The study only compares and combines the two most widely used valuation models around the world. Future studies can be conducted using the third widely used valuation models, i.e. multiples and see the level of accuracy of individuals as well as the composite model.

Originality/value
– As a concern very few research has been conducted in this area in India. This paper provides practitioners with a snapshot of the applicability of DCF and RIM valuation models. And also shows how a composite value estimate can improve accuracy.
The role of the executive sponsor in organizational transformation
Authors: Schroeder Harold 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– To highlight that one of the main causes of transformation failure relates to project governance, which is the primary responsibility of an Executive Sponsor.

Design/methodology/approach
– The methodology was based on a combination of literature review and experience.

Findings
– All too often, once a transformation project is underway, the Executive Sponsor passes the reins to the project manager and takes a back seat, with their involvement confined to Steering Group meetings or when problems are brought to their attention. This can be a very costly mistake, as weak governance is a common contributor to transformation project failure. Achieving good governance requires the Executive Sponsor, like the Project Manager, to have the right combination of “art” and “science” skills, though their roles as well as the relative balance of art and science involved in these will differ.

Originality/value
– The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.
Detection of Extended‐Spectrum β‐Lactamase and Plasmid‐Mediated Quinolone Resistance Determinants in Escherichia coli Isolates from Retail Meat in China
Authors: Yu Tao , Jiang Xiaobing , Fu Kaifei , Liu Biyun , Xu Dong , Ji Shengdong , Zhou Lijun 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the presence of extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase (ESBL) and plasmid‐mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes in Escherichia coli isolated from retail meat samples in Henan Province, China. E. coli isolates were detected in 179 of 645 (27.7%) retail meat samples. Resistance of these isolates to antimicrobials was commonly observed, with 78.2% of isolates resistant to streptomycin, 74.3% resistant to tetracycline and 54.2% resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Of the 179 isolates, 30 (16.7%) expressed ESBL, with blaTEM‐1 (n = 17) and blaCTX‐M‐14 (n = 9) most commonly mediating the ESBL phenotype. PMQR genes were present in 14 isolates (7.8%), with qnr and aac(6′)‐Ib‐cr detected alone or in combination in nine (5.0%) and seven isolates (3.9%), respectively. The qnr genes detected included qnrS1 (n = 5), qnrA1 (n = 3), and qnrB4 (n = 1). The qepA gene was absent among these isolates. CTX‐M‐14 was the most prevalent ESBL type among the PMQR‐positive isolates. The qnr and aac(6′)‐Ib‐cr genes were found to co‐reside and be co‐transferred with blaCTX‐M‐14 or blaTEM‐1 in five isolates. Our data suggest that retail meat may act as a reservoir for multi‐resistant E. coli and may facilitate the dissemination of resistance genes.
Polychaete burrows harbour distinct microbial communities in oil‐contaminated coastal sediments
Authors: Taylor Joe D. , Cunliffe Michael 
Published: April 2015

SummaryPrevious studies have shown that the bioturbating polychaete Hediste (Nereis) diversicolor can affect the composition of bacterial communities in oil‐contaminated sediments, but have not considered diversity specifically within bioturbator burrows or the impact on microbial eukaryotes. We tested the hypothesis that H. diversicolor burrows harbour different eukaryotic and bacterial communities compared with un‐bioturbated sediment, and that bioturbation stimulates oil degradation. Oil‐contaminated sediment was incubated with or without H. diversicolor for 30 days, after which sediment un‐affected by H. diversicolor and burrow DNA/RNA samples were analysed using quantitative reverse transcription PCR (Q‐RT‐PCR) and high‐throughput sequencing. Fungi dominated both burrow and un‐bioturbated sediment sequence libraries; however, there was significant enrichment of bacterivorous protists and nematodes in the burrows. There were also significant differences between the bacterial communities in burrows compared with un‐bioturbated sediment. Increased activity and relative abundance of aerobic hydrocarbon‐degrading bacteria in the burrows coincided with the significant reduction in hydrocarbon concentration in the bioturbated sediment. This study represents the first detailed assessment of the effect of bioturbation on total microbial communities in oil‐contaminated sediments. In addition, it further shows that bioturbation is a significant factor in determining microbial diversity within polluted sediments and plays an important role in stimulating bioremediation.
New opportunities at the interface between ecology and statistics
Authors: Warton David I. 
Published: April 2015

Summary

Cross‐disciplinary research between ecologists and statisticians has led to significant advances in many different aspects of biodiversity modelling – including species distribution modelling, multivariate analysis and the measurement of diversity.

We introduce a Special Feature of seven papers showcasing recent interdisciplinary collaboration between ecologists and statisticians. Each paper arose as an outcome of an Eco‐Stats meeting held at UNSW Australia during July 2013. The meeting and this Special Feature highlight the considerable potential from interdisciplinary collaboration between ecologists and statisticians.
Intervention with substance‐abusing mothers: Are there rural–urban differences?
Authors: Shaw Michele R. , Grant Therese , Barbosa‐Leiker Celestina , Fleming Susan E. , Henley Sandy , Graham J. Christopher 
Published: April 2015

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine rural–urban differences among substance‐abusing mothers enrolled in the Parent–Child Assistance Program (PCAP) from 1998 to 2008 in Washington State.MethodsThis was a longitudinal study utilizing PCAP data reports of 773 women enrolled from 1998 to 2008. Differences across urban–rural PCAP participants were examined.ResultsRural participants were more likely to report alcohol use and binge drinking at program intake and at the 3‐year program exit. In addition, throughout the program, rural women were less likely to complete outpatient substance abuse treatment compared to urban participants. Rural women also used less services during the last year including alcohol/drug support and mental health provider services. Findings are troubling when we consider that at program exit, rural participants also reported higher use of alcohol and more suicidal thoughts than those residing in urban areas.Conclusions and Scientific SignificanceData presented indicate there are important differences between urban and rural residing participants. Findings highlight the importance of considering the barriers that rural or remote locations might create. Identifying community‐specific needs of substance abusing pregnant or parenting women in both rural and urban settings is crucial for the successful development and improvement of treatment and intervention programs for this vulnerable population of women. (Am J Addict 2015;24:144–152)
Randomised clinical trial: colestyramine vs. hydroxypropyl cellulose in patients with functional chronic watery diarrhoea
Authors: Fernández‐Bañares F. , Rosinach M. , Piqueras M. , Ruiz‐Cerulla A. , Modolell I. , Zabana Y. , Guardiola J. , Esteve M. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryBackgroundIdiopathic bile acid malabsorption (BAM) has been suggested as a cause of chronic watery diarrhoea, with a response to colestyramine in 70% of patients. However, the efficacy of this drug has never been investigated in placebo‐controlled trials.AimTo evaluate the efficacy of colestyramine as compared with hydroxypropyl cellulose in the treatment of functional chronic watery diarrhoea.MethodsPatients with chronic watery diarrhoea were randomly assigned to groups given colestyramine sachets 4 g twice daily (n = 13) or identical hydroxypropyl cellulose sachets (n = 13) for 8 weeks. The primary end‐point was clinical remission defined as a mean of 3 or fewer stools per day during the week before the visit, with less than 1 watery stool per day. A secondary end‐point was the reduction in daily watery stool number. SeHCAT test was performed in all patients, but an abnormal test was not a prerequisite to be included.ResultsAll included patients had a SeHCAT 7‐day retention ≤20%. There were no statistical differences in the percentage of patients in clinical remission at week 8 between colestyramine and hydroxypropyl cellulose with either intention‐to‐treat (53.8% vs. 38.4%; P = 0.43) or per‐protocol (63.6% vs. 38.4%; P = 0.22) analyses. However, the mean per cent decrease in watery stool number was significantly higher with colestyramine than with hydroxypropyl cellulose (−92.4 ± 3.5% vs. −75.8 ± 7.1%; P = 0.048). The rate of adverse events related to study drugs did not differ between groups.ConclusionsColestyramine (4 g twice daily) is effective and safe for short‐term treatment of patients with chronic watery diarrhoea presumably secondary to BAM. Clinical Trials Register number EudraCT 2009‐011149‐14.
Long‐term safety of proton pump inhibitor therapy assessed under controlled, randomised clinical trial conditions: data from the SOPRAN and LOTUS studies
Authors: Attwood S. E. , Ell C. , Galmiche J. P. , Fiocca R. , Hatlebakk J. G. , Hasselgren B. , Långström G. , Jahreskog M. , Eklund S. , Lind T. , Lundell L. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryBackgroundControl of chronic gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease may be achieved either by anti‐reflux surgery (ARS) or by long‐term medical therapy with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). The primary efficacy results of the SOPRAN study, comparing long‐term omeprazole use with open ARS, and the LOTUS study, comparing long‐term esomeprazole use with laparoscopic ARS, have been reported. A secondary objective of these studies was to address the long‐term safety of these respective therapeutic strategies and thereby provide a valid scientific platform for assessing long‐term PPI safety.AimTo assess the safety of long‐term PPI therapy with omeprazole and esomeprazole through analyses of data from the randomised SOPRAN and LOTUS studies.MethodsSafety data were collected from patients during the 12‐year period of the SOPRAN study (n = 298) and the 5‐year period of the LOTUS study (n = 514). Reported serious adverse events (SAEs) and changes in laboratory variables were analysed.ResultsAcross both studies, SAEs were reported at a similar frequency in the PPI and ARS treatment groups. Taking the time frames into consideration, the number of fatal SAEs in the two studies was low in both treatment groups. Laboratory results, including routine haematology and tests for liver enzymes, electrolytes, vitamin D, vitamin B12, folate and homocysteine, showed no clinically relevant changes over time. As expected, gastrin and chromogranin A were elevated in the PPI groups, with the greatest increases observed in the first year.ConclusionNo major safety concerns arose during 5–12 years of continuous PPI therapy. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00251927 and NCT00256737).
Nonsuturing or Skin Adhesives versus Suturing of the Perineal Skin After Childbirth: A Systematic Review
Authors: Seijmonsbergen‐Schermers Anna E. , Sahami Saloomeh , Lucas Cees , Jonge Ank de 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundSuturing of perineal trauma after childbirth can cause problems such as pain, discomfort because of tight sutures, the need for suture removal, and dyspareunia. It is unclear whether leaving the perineal skin unsutured or using skin adhesives might prevent these problems.MethodsCENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and prospective trial registers until January 2013 were searched for (quasi‐)randomized controlled trials comparing nonsuturing of the perineal skin or skin adhesives versus suturing of the skin when repairing a second‐degree perineal tear or episiotomy. Primary outcome measure was short‐term and long‐term pain and need for analgesic medication.ResultsFour randomized and two quasi‐randomized controlled trials (involving 2,922 women) with heterogeneity in contexts, designs, and methodological quality were included. Nonsuturing of the skin leads to less short‐term and long‐term pain compared to suturing and an increased rate of skin separation. Skin adhesives lead to less short‐term pain without an increased rate of skin separation. Nonsuturing or skin adhesives lead to less complaints and there are no other adverse effects.ConclusionsNonsuturing of the skin or the use of skin adhesives appears preferable in terms of pain. Nonsuturing could lead to more short‐term skin separation when no adhesives are used, but there is no evidence for the clinical importance of skin separation. There is a need for studies with a follow‐up of at least 6 months, in which pain is measured homogeneously and for studies comparing the use of skin adhesives with nonsuturing of the skin with the focus on long‐term cosmetic results.
Mechanisms of ibrutinib resistance in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Zhang Shuang Q. , Smith Sonali M. , Zhang Shuang Y. , Lynn Wang Yue 
Published: April 2015

SummaryBruton tyrosine kinase (BTK), a mediator of B‐cell receptor (BCR) signalling, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and other B‐cell malignancies. Ibrutinib is an orally bioavailable and highly specific BTK inhibitor that was recently approved for treatment of patients with recurrent CLL and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). In addition, ibrutinib has shown efficacy in subsets of patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia (WM). However, despite ibrutinib's activity in multiple B‐cell malignancies, cases of primary and secondary resistance have emerged. The overall reported frequency of resistance is low, but follow‐up in many trials was short, and we predict that the incidence of observed resistance will increase as clinical use outside clinical trials expands over time. Mutations within BTK have been described and clearly interfere with drug binding; however, there are also emerging alternative mechanisms that bypass BTK entirely and offer new opportunities for other targeted agents. Improved understanding of mechanisms of primary and secondary resistance is essential to developing appropriate therapeutic strategies to both prevent and address resistance. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of ibrutinib resistance in CLL, MCL, DLBCL and WM and considers potential strategies for further study.
Individual differences in behavioural plasticities
Authors: Stamps Judy A. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTInterest in individual differences in animal behavioural plasticities has surged in recent years, but research in this area has been hampered by semantic confusion as different investigators use the same terms (e.g. plasticity, flexibility, responsiveness) to refer to different phenomena. The first goal of this review is to suggest a framework for categorizing the many different types of behavioural plasticities, describe examples of each, and indicate why using reversibility as a criterion for categorizing behavioural plasticities is problematic. This framework is then used to address a number of timely questions about individual differences in behavioural plasticities. One set of questions concerns the experimental designs that can be used to study individual differences in various types of behavioural plasticities. Although within‐individual designs are the default option for empirical studies of many types of behavioural plasticities, in some situations (e.g. when experience at an early age affects the behaviour expressed at subsequent ages), ‘replicate individual’ designs can provide useful insights into individual differences in behavioural plasticities. To date, researchers using within‐individual and replicate individual designs have documented individual differences in all of the major categories of behavioural plasticities described herein. Another important question is whether and how different types of behavioural plasticities are related to one another. Currently there is empirical evidence that many behavioural plasticities [e.g. contextual plasticity, learning rates,IIV(intra‐individual variability), endogenous plasticities, ontogenetic plasticities) can themselves vary as a function of experiences earlier in life, that is, many types of behavioural plasticity are themselves developmentally plastic. These findings support the assumption that differences among individuals in prior experiences may contribute to individual differences in behavioural plasticities observed at a given age. Several authors have predicted correlations across individuals between different types of behavioural plasticities, i.e. that some individuals will be generally more plastic than others. However, empirical support for most of these predictions, including indirect evidence from studies of relationships between personality traits and plasticities, is currently sparse and equivocal. The final section of this review suggests how an appreciation of the similarities and differences between different types of behavioural plasticities may help theoreticians formulate testable models to explain the evolution of individual differences in behavioural plasticities and the evolutionary and ecological consequences of individual differences in behavioural plasticities.
Development of Risky Decision Making: Fuzzy‐Trace Theory and Neurobiological Perspectives
Authors: Reyna Valerie F. , Wilhelms Evan A. , McCormick Michael J. , Weldon Rebecca B. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDevelopmental differences in mental representations of choices, reward sensitivity, and behavioral inhibition (self‐control) explain greater susceptibility to risk taking. Ironically, relying on precise representations in reasoning promotes greater risk taking, but this reliance declines as adolescents mature. This phenomenon is known as a developmental reversal; it is called a reversal because it violates traditional developmental expectations of greater cognitive complexity with maturation. Fuzzy‐trace theory (FTT) predicts reversals by proposing two types of mental representation (gist and verbatim), and that risk takers rely more on verbatim processing when making decisions. In this article, we describe the main tenets of FTT and explain how it can account for risky decision making. We also explore the neural underpinnings of development and decision making in the context of distinctions from FTT. FTT's predictions elucidate unanswered questions about risk taking, providing directions for research.
Mental health in early pregnancy is associated with pregnancy outcome in women with pregestational diabetes
Authors: Callesen N. F. , Secher A. L. , Cramon P. , Ringholm L. , Watt T. , Damm P. , Mathiesen E. R. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAimTo explore the role of early pregnancy health‐related quality of life, anxiety, depression and locus of control for pregnancy outcome in women with pregestational diabetes.MethodsThis was a cohort study of 148 pregnant women with pregestational diabetes (118 with Type 1 diabetes and 30 with Type 2 diabetes), who completed three internationally validated questionnaires: the 36‐item Short‐Form Health Survey, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control survey at 8 weeks. Selected pregnancy outcomes were preterm delivery (< 37 weeks) and large for gestational age infants (birth weight > 90th percentile). Differences between groups in the questionnaires were analysed using an unpaired t‐test.ResultsWomen with preterm deliveries (n = 28) had lower (i.e. worse) mean (sd) quality‐of‐life scores for the two 36‐item Short‐Form Health Survey scales, Role‐Emotional [58.3 (38.1) vs. 82.9 (31.3); P = 0.0005] and Mental Health [67.7 (20.4) vs. 75.2 (15.8), P = 0.04], and a lower score for the 36‐item Short‐Form Health Survey scale Mental Component Summary (42.8 (13.1) vs. 48.8 (9.7), P = 0.03) in early pregnancy, compared with women with term deliveries. Depression symptoms (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale depression score ≥ 8) were more frequent in women with preterm vs. term deliveries (seven (25%) vs. six women (5%); P = 0.003), while levels of anxiety and locus of control were similar in these two groups. No difference in early pregnancy scores for health‐related quality of life, anxiety, depression and locus of control were seen in women delivering large or appropriate for gestational age infants.ConclusionsPoor mental quality of life and the presence of depressive symptoms in early pregnancy were associated with preterm delivery in women with pregestational diabetes.