bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interannual variability of Indian summer monsoon rainfall onset date at local scale
Authors: Moron Vincent , Robertson Andrew W. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractVariability of Indian summer monsoon local‐scale onset dates is investigated at 1° spatial resolution by applying an agronomic definition (i.e. the first significant rains without a potentially crop‐threatening dry spell thereafter) to gridded observed daily rainfall data (1901–2004). Median onset dates are compared well with previous estimates. The inter‐quartile range varies from less than 2 weeks over the monsoon zone and Western Ghats, to about a month over the northwestern desert. A relationship between local‐scale rainfall onset date and regional‐scale indices of onset is demonstrated over the eastern part of the monsoon zone (i.e. approximately from Orissa and eastern Maharashtra to Western Bengal) and along the coast of the Arabian Sea; these regions are also found to exhibit significant correlations with Niño 3.4 sea surface temperature index in May. However, these relationships are found to be rather weak and geographically confined, which is attributed to low values of spatial coherence of local‐scale onset date variability. A weak relationship is also found between local‐scale onset date and the June–September seasonal rainfall total, while the latter is shown to be weakly more spatially coherent than local‐scale onset date over the monsoon zone, and thus slightly more potentially predictable.
Real‐time 3D magnetic resonance imaging of the pharyngeal airway in sleep apnea
Authors: Kim Yoon‐Chul , Lebel R. Marc , Wu Ziyue , Ward Sally L. Davidson , Khoo Michael C.K. , Nayak Krishna S. 
Published: June 2013

PurposeTo investigate the feasibility of real‐time 3D magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with simultaneous recording of physiological signals for identifying sites of airway obstruction during natural sleep in pediatric patients with sleep‐disordered breathing.MethodsExperiments were performed using a three‐dimensional Fourier transformation (3DFT) gradient echo sequence with prospective undersampling based on golden‐angle radial spokes, and L1‐norm regularized iterative self‐consistent parallel imaging (L1‐SPIRiT) reconstruction. This technique was demonstrated in three healthy adult volunteers and five pediatric patients with sleep‐disordered breathing. External airway occlusion was used to induce partial collapse of the upper airway on inspiration and test the effectiveness of the proposed imaging method. Apneic events were identified using information available from synchronized recording of mask pressure and respiratory effort.ResultsAcceptable image quality was obtained in seven of eight subjects. Temporary airway collapse induced via inspiratory loading was successfully imaged in all three volunteers, with average airway volume reductions of 63.3%, 52.5%, and 33.7%. Central apneic events and associated airway narrowing/closure were identified in two pediatric patients. During central apneic events, airway obstruction was observed in the retropalatal region in one pediatric patient.ConclusionReal‐time 3D MRI of the pharyngeal airway with synchronized recording of physiological signals is feasible and may provide valuable information about the sites and nature of airway narrowing/collapse during natural sleep. Magn Reson Med 71:1501–1510, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pericardial adipose tissue and coronary artery calcification in the Multi‐ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
Authors: McClain Jill , Hsu Fang , Brown Elizabeth , Burke Gregory , Carr John , Harris Tamara , Kritchevsky Stephen , Szklo Moyses , Tracy Russell , Ding Jingzhong 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjective:To examine the relationship of pericardial adipose tissue (PAT) with coronary artery calcification in the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.Design and Methods:The baseline cohort comprised 6,814 Caucasian (38%), African‐American (28%), Chinese American (12%), and Hispanic (22%) adults aged 45‐84, without known clinical cardiovascular disease. Cardiac CT was used to measure PAT (cm3) and calcification (Agatston score). We examined cross‐sectional associations of PAT with the presence (score >0) and severity (continuous score if >0) of calcification using prevalence ratio (PR) (n = 6,672) and linear regression (n = 3,362), respectively. Main models were adjusted for age, age2, gender, race/ethnicity, field site, smoking, physical activity, alcohol, and education.Results:PAT volume (adjusted for age, height, weight, and site) was greatest in Chinese males, whereas Black males had less PAT than all but Black females. PAT was associated with presence [PR per standard deviation (SD): 1.06 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.08)] and severity [difference in log Agatston score per SD: 0.15 (0.09, 0.21)] of calcification, but neither association varied by race/ethnicity. Adjustment for generalized adiposity attenuated but did not eliminate the associations. With further adjustment for traditional risk factors and inflammatory markers, only the association with severity remained statistically significant [PR: 1.02 (1.00, 1.04); difference: 0.10 (0.03, 0.17)]. Heterogeneity by sex was observed for the presence of calcification (PR in men: 1.04; in women: 1.08; P for interaction <0.0001).Conclusion:PAT was associated with the presence and severity of coronary artery calcification in this cohort, but neither association varied by race/ethnicity.
Electroretinographic detection of human brain dopamine response to oral food stimulation
Authors: Nasser J.A. , Parigi A. Del , Merhige K. , Wolper C. , Geliebter A. , Hashim S.A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjective:The activity of dopamine‐dependent retinal signaling can be assessed using electroretinography. Response of this system to oral food stimulation might provide accessible insight into the brain dopamine response to oral stimuli as retinal dopamine concentration is dependent upon mid brain dopamine concentration was postulated.Design and Methods:Nine individuals had cone ERG (b wave) response to oral food stimulation and oral methylphenidate (MPH) administration measured on separate days, and completed self reported eating behavior questionnaires.Results:Significant and similar increases in b wave response to both stimuli (P = 0.012 and P = 0.042, MPH and food, respectively) and significant correlations of the food stimulated b wave amplitude with binge eating related behavior as measured by the Gormally Binge Eating Scale (r = 0.68, P = 0.044) and self‐reported trait hunger as measured by the Stunkard and Messick Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (r = 0.67, P = 0.048) were found.Conclusion:The significant increase in food stimulated dopamine dependent b wave amplitude and correlation with methylphenidate stimulated b wave amplitude suggest that ERG may offer a relatively inexpensive and accessible methodology for potentially assess dopaminergic responses to food and other externally applied stimuli that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases.
Alternative formulations of sorafenib for use in children
Authors: Navid Fariba , Christensen Robbin , Inaba Hiroto , Li Lie , Chen Zhaoyuan , Cai Xiangjun , Regel Joshua , Baker Sharyn D. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundSorafenib is an oral multikinase inhibitor with antiangiogenic and antitumor activity. In most cases, the commercially available 200 mg tablet is not suitable for administration to children. We studied the chemical and physical stability of extemporaneously prepared formulations and evaluated the pharmacokinetic profile of cut tablets and smaller‐dosage capsules of sorafenib in children.ProcedureCommercially available 200 mg tablets of sorafenib tosylate were used to prepare liquid suspensions of sorafenib in oil and Ora‐Plus®:Ora‐Sweet® solution, and to prepare 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 mg capsules. Plasma concentrations of sorafenib were measured in patients receiving capsules and cut tablets, using a validated HPLC‐based method with tandem mass spectrometric detection.ResultsAt room temperature and under refrigeration, sorafenib concentrations in Ora Plus®:Ora Sweet® were highly variable (means ranging from 75% to 131% of the intended concentration of 50 mg/ml). In oil suspension, sorafenib concentrations were inconsistent during compounding. In contrast, all smaller‐dosage capsules, except the 5 mg capsule, were within 91–99% of the intended content and were stable at room temperature for at least 8 months. Sorafenib pharmacokinetic parameters in patients receiving capsules or cut tablets were consistent with those reported previously in adults and children receiving intact tablets.ConclusionsSorafenib is not stable in an oral suspension prepared from commercially available tablets, but compounded capsules in smaller‐dosage forms that can be sprinkled on food or cut tablets are alternatives for administration to children who need smaller doses based on body surface area or cannot swallow tablets. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013;60:1642–1646. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Micromechanical characterization of the interphase layer in semi‐crystalline polyethylene
Authors: Ghazavizadeh Akbar , Rutledge Gregory C. , Atai Ali A. , Ahzi Saïd , Rémond Yves , Soltani Nasser 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThe interphase layer in semi‐crystalline polyethylene is the least known constituent, compared to the amorphous and crystalline phases, in terms of mechanical properties. In this study, the Monte Carlo molecular simulation results for the interlamellar domain (i.e. amorphous+ interphases), reported in (Macromolecules 2006, 39, 439–447) are employed. The amorphous elastic properties are adopted from the literature and then two distinct micromechanical homogenization approaches are utilized to dissociate the interphase stiffness from that of the interlamellar region. The results of the two micromechanical approaches match perfectly. Interestingly, the dissociated interphase stiffness lacks the common feature of positive definiteness, which is attributed to its nature as a transitional domain between two coexisting phases. The sensitivity analyses reveal that this property is insensitive to the non‐orthotropic components of the interlamellar stiffness and the uncertainties existing in the interlamellar and amorphous stiffnesses. Finally, using the dissociated interphase stiffness, its effective Young's modulus is calculated, which compares well with the effective interlamellar Young's modulus for highly crystalline polyethylene, reported in an experimental study. This satisfactory agreement along with the identical results produced by the two micromechanical approaches confirms the validity of the new information about the interphase elastic properties in addition to making the proposed dissociation methodology quite reliable when applied to similar problems. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2013, 51, 1228–1243
Wet cough in children: Infective and inflammatory characteristics in broncho‐alveolar lavage fluid
Authors: Wurzel Danielle F. , Marchant Julie M. , Clark Julia E. , Masters I. Brent , Yerkovich Stephanie T. , Upham John W. , Chang Anne B. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryWet cough is a common feature of many disease processes affecting children. Our aim was to examine the relationships between cough nature, lower airway infection (bacterial, viral, and viral–bacterial) and severity of neutrophilic airway inflammation. We hypothesized that viral–bacterial co‐infection of the lower airway would be associated with wet cough and heightened neutrophilic airway inflammation. We prospectively recruited 232 children undergoing elective flexible bronchoscopy. Participants were grouped using a cough nature symptom‐based approach, into wet, dry or no cough groups. Broncho‐alveolar lavage (BAL) and clinical data, including presence, nature, and duration of cough and key demographic factors, were collected. Children with wet cough (n = 143) were more likely to have lower airway bacterial infection (OR 2.6, P = 0.001), viral infection (OR 2.04, P = 0.045) and viral–bacterial co‐infection (OR 2.65, P = 0.042) compared to those without wet cough. Wet cough was associated with heightened airway neutrophilia (median 19%) as compared to dry or no cough. Viral–bacterial co‐infection was associated with the highest median %neutrophils (33.5%) compared to bacteria only, virus/es only and no infection (20%, 18%, and 6%, respectively, P < 0.0001). Children with wet cough had higher rates of lower airway infection with bacteria and viruses. Maximal neutrophilic airway inflammation was seen in those with viral–bacterial co‐infection. Cough nature may be a useful indicator of infection and inflammation of the lower airways in children. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2014; 49:561–568. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Application of a H‐Point Standard Addition Method for Simultaneous Spectrophotometric Determination of Chlorate and Bromate Impurities in Military Grade Ammonium Perchlorate
Authors: Reza Zarei Ali , Mardi Kobra , Chalavi Soheila 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA H‐point standard addition method (HPSAM) was applied to simultaneously determinate chlorate and bromate in ammonium perchlorate. The method is based on the difference between their reaction rates with chloride in acidic media whereby methyl orange is used as spectrophotometric indicator. The reaction can be monitored spectrophotometrically by measuring the decrease in the absorbance of methyl orange at 507 nm in the time range 50–250 s after initiation of the reaction with 1 s intervals. The results showed that chlorate and bromate can be determined simultaneously in the range 50–1000 and 50–2000 ng mL−1, respectively. The proposed method was applied to determinate chlorate and bromate impurities in military grade ammonium perchlorate. In addition, excellent agreement between this proposed method and standard methods was observed.
Twentieth century North Atlantic jet variability
Authors: Woollings Tim , Czuchnicki Camelia , Franzke Christian 
Published: June 2013

AbstractLong records of the latitude and speed of the North Atlantic eddy‐driven jet stream since 1871 are presented from the newly available Twentieth Century Reanalysis. These jet variations underlie the variability associated with patterns such as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and have considerable societal impact through variations in the prevailing westerly winds. While the NAO combines variations in the latitude and speed of the jet, these two characteristics are shown to have quite different seasonal cycles and interannual variability, suggesting that they may have different dynamical influences.In general, the features exhibited in shorter records are shown to be robust, for example the strong skewness of the NAO distribution. Related to this is a clear multimodality of the jet latitude distribution, which suggests the existence of preferred positions of the jet. Decadal variations in jet latitude are shown to correspond to changes in the occurrence of these preferred positions. However, it is the speed rather than the latitude of the jet that exhibits the strongest decadal variability, and in most seasons this is clearly distinct from a white‐noise representation of the seasonal means. When viewed in this longer term context, the variations of recent decades do not appear unusual and recent values of jet latitude and speed are not unprecedented in the historical record.
Dynamical core model intercomparison project: Tracer transport test cases
Authors: Kent James , Ullrich Paul A. , Jablonowski Christiane 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThree‐dimensional advection tests are required to assess the ability of transport schemes of dynamical cores to model tracer transport on the sphere accurately. A set of three tracer‐transport test cases for three‐dimensional flow is presented. The tests focus on the physical and numerical issues that are relevant to three‐dimensional tracer transport: positivity preservation, inter‐tracer correlations, horizontal–vertical coupling, order of accuracy and choice of vertical coordinate. The first test is a three‐dimensional deformational flow. The second test is a Hadley‐like global circulation. The final test is a solid‐body rotation test in the presence of rapidly varying orography. A variety of assessment metrics, such as error norms, convergence rates and mixing diagnostics, are used. The tests are designed for easy implementation within existing and developing dynamical cores and have been a cornerstone of the 2012 Dynamical Core Model Intercomparison Project (DCMIP). Example results are shown using the transport schemes in two dynamical cores: the Community Atmosphere Model finite‐volume dynamical core (CAM‐FV) and the cubed‐sphere finite‐volume MCore dynamical core.
Expression of a Distinct Set of Chemokine Receptors in Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells is Responsible for In Vitro Migration Toward Chemokines Appearing in the Major Pelvic Ganglion Following Cavernous Nerve Injury
Authors: Albersen Maarten , Berkers Joost , Dekoninck Philip , Deprest Jan , Lue Tom F. , Hedlund Petter , Lin Ching-Shwun , Bivalacqua Trinity J. , Van Poppel Hendrik , De Ridder Dirk , Van der Aa Frank 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Introduction
Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) herald tremendous promise for clinical application in a wide range of injuries and diseases. Several preclinical reports demonstrate their efficacy in the treatment of cavernous nerve (CN) injury-induced erectile dysfunction in rats. It was recently illustrated that these effects were established as a result of ADSC migration to the major pelvic ganglion (MPG) where these cells induced neuroregeneration in loco.

Aims
The study aims to identify chemotactic factors in the MPG following injury and to match upregulated chemokines to their respective receptors in human ADSC on the genomic, structural, and functional levels.

Methods
Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), intracellular FACS, immunofluorescence microscopy, migration assays, and calcium imaging were used in this study.

Main Outcome Measures
The main outcomes are chemokine expression in the MPG following CN injury, and the functional and structural presence of chemokine receptors in ADSC.

Results
CCR4, CX3CR1, and XCR1 are functionally and structurally present in human ADSC, and are activated by the chemokines CCL2, CX3CL1, and XCL1 respectively, which are upregulated in the MPG following CN injury. CXCR4 and its ligand CXCL12 (SDF1) are likely no major homing factors for ADSC. Expression of chemokine receptor mRNA in ADSC did not necessarily translate into receptor presence at the cell surface and/or functional activation of these receptors. Most of the expressed chemokine receptors were detected in the intracellular compartment of these cells.

Conclusions
We identified the ligand/chemokine receptor pairs CCL2/CCR4, CX3CL1/CX3CR1, and XCL1/XCR1 as potentially responsible for ADSC homing toward the MPG following CN injury. The intracellular localization of various chemokine receptors likely indicates redirecting of chemokine receptors to the cell surface under specific cellular conditions. Furthermore, modification of expression of these receptors at the genomic level may potentially lead to improved migration toward injury sites and thus enhancement of treatment efficacy.
Blood Utilization after Primary Total Joint Arthroplasty in a Large Hospital Network
Authors: Chen Antonia F. , Klatt Brian A. , Yazer Mark H. , Waters Jonathan H. 
Published: June 2013

Background Since a study in orthopedic hip fracture patients demonstrated that a liberal hemoglobin (Hb) threshold does not improve patient morbidity and mortality relative to a restrictive Hb threshold, the standard of care in total joint arthroplasty (TJA) should be examined to understand the variability of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion following TJA. Questions/purposes The study aimed to answer the following questions: (1) What is the blood utilization rate after primary TJA for individual surgeons within a large hospital network? (2) What is the comparison of hospital charges, length of stay (LOS), and discharge locations among TJA patients who were and were not transfused? Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 3,750 primary total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) and 2,070 primary total hip arthroplasties (THAs), and data was retrospectively collected over a 15-month period on the number of RBCs transfused per patient, along with demographic and cost details. The number of patients who received at least 1 RBC unit and the number of RBCs transfused per patient was calculated and stratified by surgeon. Results In the postoperative period, 19.3% TKA patients and 38.5% THA patients received a RBC transfusion. Transfusion rates following TJA varied widely between surgeons (TKA 4.8–63.8%, THA 4.3–86.8%). Transfused TKA patients received an average of 1.65 ± 0.03 RBCs, and THA patients received an average of 1.97 ± 0.14 RBCs. LOS and hospital charges for blood transfusion patients were higher than nontransfused patients. Conclusion Blood utilization after primary TJA varies greatly among surgeons, suggesting that resources may be misallocated. These findings highlight the need to standardize RBC transfusion practice following TJA.
A Flexible Analysis Tool for the Quantitative Acoustic Assessment of Infant Cry
Authors: Reggiannini Brian , Sheinkopf Stephen J. , Silverman Harvey F. , Li Xiaoxue , Lester Barry M. 
Published: June 2013

PurposeIn this article, the authors describe and validate the performance of a modern acoustic analyzer specifically designed for infant cry analysis.MethodUtilizing known algorithms, the authors developed a method to extract acoustic parameters describing infant cries from standard digital audio files. They used a frame rate of 25 ms with a frame advance of 12.5 ms. Cepstral-based acoustic analysis proceeded in 2 phases, computing frame-level data and then organizing and summarizing this information within cry utterances. Using signal detection methods, the authors evaluated the accuracy of the automated system to determine voicing and to detect fundamental frequency (F0) as compared to voiced segments and pitch periods manually coded from spectrogram displays.ResultsThe system detected F0with 88% to 95% accuracy, depending on tolerances set at 10 to 20 Hz. Receiver operating characteristic analyses demonstrated very high accuracy at detecting voicing characteristics in the cry samples.ConclusionsThis article describes an automated infant cry analyzer with high accuracy to detect important acoustic features of cry. A unique and important aspect of this work is the rigorous testing of the system's accuracy as compared to ground-truth manual coding. The resulting system has implications for basic and applied research on infant cry development.