bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accounting Standards and Earnings Management: Evidence from China
Authors: Zhou Donghua , Habib Ahsan 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis article examines the effect of an asset impairment–related regulatory reform on earnings management in China. Chinese Accounting Standard No. 8 (CAS No. 8), which prohibits the reversal of long‐lived asset impairments, was promulgated to constrain managerial opportunism with respect to previously recognized impairment loss reversal. CAS No. 8 forbids the reversal of long‐lived asset impairment losses only, while allowing the reversal of short‐term asset impairment losses. Based on a sample of China's A‐share listed companies on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchange during the period 2001–2008, we reveal that managers use less current asset write‐downs and more reversals in the post–CAS No. 8 period. However, such reporting practices do not appear to be influenced by managerial incentives to avoid reporting losses and/or for “big bath” accounting purposes.
Primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma with sequential development of nodal marginal zone lymphoma in a patient with selective immunoglobulin A deficiency
Authors: Wobser Marion , Kerstan Andreas , Kneitz Hermann , Goebeler Matthias , Kunzmann Volker , Rosenwald Andreas , Geissinger Eva 
Published: September 2013

AbstractMultiple lymphoma subtypes occurring within one patient is rare in the context of B‐cell lymphoma, and only few such cases have been reported in association with primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma (PCMZL). We herein describe the case of a 43‐year‐old patient who was diagnosed with PCMZL and subsequently developed a clonally unrelated nodal marginal zone lymphoma (MZL). At the time of diagnosis of PCMZL, multiple skin lesions were present. The atypical lymphoid infiltrate showed monotypic expression of immunoglobulin light chain lambda and heavy chain (IgM) on immunohistochemistry and an identical B‐cell clone. No sign of systemic lymphoma was present in staging examinations. Complete remission was achieved utilizing rituximab. After a 3‐year clinical course of repetitive cutaneous relapses and remissions, the patient additionally developed nodal lymphoma involvement by MZL which, however, harbored an immunophenotype and a genetic clone distinct from the cutaneous lymphoma counterpart. Therefore, the rare occurrence of two different types of MZL with sequential evolution was diagnosed. In this uncommon case, we hypothesize that selective immunoglobulin A deficiency may play a promoting role for the metachronous development of the two MZL that occurred in our patient.
Vitamin D hydroxylases CYP2R1, CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Urbschat Anja , Paulus Patrick , von Quernheim Quirine Freiin , Brück Patrick , Badenhoop Klaus , Zeuzem Stefan , Ramos‐Lopez Elizabeth 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackgroundThere is increasing evidence that vitamin D metabolites influence carcinogenesis. Besides its role in mineral homoeostasis, calcitriol, the active metabolite of vitamin D (1,25(OH)2D3), is known to possess antiproliferative, proapoptotic and immunomodulatory effects in cancer. Concerning the synthesis of vitamin D, the hydroxylases CYP2R1, CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 play a critical role, and the latter molecule determines the biological half‐life of 1,25(OH)2D3, which is synthesized in the proximal renal tubules.Materials and methodsThe adjacency of these two biological processes prompted us to investigate the gene expression of CYP2R1, CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 in patients with ccRCC. Using RT‐PCR, we retrospectively compared mRNA expression profiles from human ccRCC tumour samples with those derived from the corresponding adjacent healthy tissues (n = 30).ResultsWe observed that all three genes (CYP2R1, CYP27B1 and CYP24A1) were upregulated in tumours compared with normal tissue (P < 0·0001). Moreover, CYP24A1 displayed a significantly higher expression in tumours than CYP27B1 (P < 0·05) and CYP2R1 (P < 0·0001), whereas no differences in the expression of these genes were found in healthy renal tissue. Gene expression of CYP2R1, CYP27B1 and CYP24A did not differ between pathological classifications (TNM, grading, presence of metastasis).ConclusionWe thus conclude that upregulated gene expression of the catabolizing CYP24A1 as well as the synthesizing CYP2R1 and CYP27B1 may lead to a misbalance of vitamin D metabolites in ccRCC and thus contributing to its pathogenesis.
Sexual Signals as Advertisers of Resistance to Mistakes
Authors: Cardoso Gonçalo C. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractTo be evolutionarily stable, sexual signals need to convey information regarding the quality or motivation of individuals. This can be achieved through direct or indirect signal costs that guarantee honest communication or through signal designs that facilitate the assessment of quality. Here, I present the case for an alternative hypothesis: that signalling exposes informative mistakes. Signalling mistakes range from occasional to frequent and from slight distortions of typical signals to grossly atypical signals. Their occurrence may be enhanced by disease or stress, thus revealing individual quality or motivation, and receivers typically respond negatively to them. By this mechanism, honest communication is due to costs of developing resistance to mistakes. Therefore, the hypothesis can function independently of signal design costs, although it can also be enhanced by signal design costs when those increase the occurrence of mistakes. This hypothesis widens the scope of signals expected to be sexually selected and creates new approaches to research in sexual selection and animal communication.
Amino acid residues crucial for specificity of toxin–antitoxin interactions in the homologous Axe–Txe and YefM–YoeB complexes
Authors: Połom Dorota , Boss Lidia , Węgrzyn Grzegorz , Hayes Finbarr , Kędzierska Barbara 
Published: September 2013

Toxin–antitoxin complexes are ubiquitous in bacteria. The specificity of interactions between toxins and antitoxins from homologous but non‐interacting systems was investigated. Based on molecular modeling, selected amino acid residues were changed to assess which positions were crucial in the specificity of toxin–antitoxin interaction in the related Axe–Txe and YefM–YoeB complexes. No cross‐interactions between wild‐type proteins were detected. However, a single amino acid substitution that converts a Txe‐specific residue to a YoeB‐specific residue reduced, but did not abolish, Txe interaction with the Axe antitoxin. Interestingly, this alteration (Txe‐Asp83Tyr) promoted functional interactions between Txe and the YefM antitoxin. The interactions between Txe‐Asp83Tyr and YefM were sufficiently strong to abolish Txe toxicity and to allow effective corepression by YefM‐Txe‐Asp83Tyr of the promoter from which yefM–yoeB is expressed. We conclude that Asp83 in Txe is crucial for the specificity of toxin–antitoxin interactions in the Axe–Txe complex and that swapping this residue for the equivalent residue in YoeB relaxes the specificity of the toxin–antitoxin interaction.Structured digital abstract

Axe and Txe physically interact by two hybrid (View interaction)

YoeB and YefM physically interact by two hybrid (View interaction)
Fluid effect on hydraulic fracture propagation behavior: a comparison between water and supercritical CO2‐like fluid
Authors: Zhou X. , Burbey T. J. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe initiation of hydraulic fractures during fluid injection in deep formations can be either engineered or induced unintentionally. Upon injection of CO2, the pore fluids in deep formations can be changed from oil/saline water to CO2 or CO2 dominated. The type of fluid is important not only because the fluid must fracture the rock, but also because rocks saturated with different pore fluids behave differently. We investigated the influence of fluid properties on fracture propagation behavior by using the cohesive zone model in conjunction with a poroelasticity model. Simulation results indicate that the pore pressure fields are very different for different pore fluids even when the initial field conditions and injection schemes (rate and time) are kept the same. Low viscosity fluids with properties of supercritical CO2 will create relatively thin and much shorter fractures in comparison with fluids exhibiting properties of water under similar injection schemes. Two significant times are recognized during fracture propagation: the time at which a crack ceases opening and the later time point at which a crack ceases propagating. These times are very different for different fluids. Both fluid compressibility and viscosity influence fracture propagation, with viscosity being the more important property. Viscosity can greatly affect hydraulic conductivity and the leak‐off coefficient. This analysis assumes the in‐situ pore fluid and injected fluid are the same and the pore space is 100% saturated by that fluid at the beginning of the simulation.
A case−control study of elective hip surgery among HIV‐infected patients: exposure to systemic glucocorticoids significantly increases the risk
Authors: Kerr E , Middleton A , Churchill D , Reading I , Walker‐Bone K 
Published: September 2013

ObjectivesThis was a cross‐sectional study with a nested case−control analysis among a cohort of HIV‐infected adults aiming to explore the prevalence of and risk factors for elective hip surgery (total hip arthroplasty and resurfacing).MethodsCases were identified from the out‐patient database of HIV‐infected adults attending one tertiary hospital service. For each case, five controls from the same database matched by age, gender and ethnicity were identified. From the case notes, information about demographic factors, HIV factors and risk factors for hip surgery attributable to osteoarthritis or avascular necrosis (body mass index, lipids, alcohol, comorbidities and treatment with oral glucocorticoids) was extracted.ResultsAmong the cohort of 1900 HIV‐infected out‐patients, 13 cases (12 male) who had undergone hip surgery [0.7%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.3−1.1%] were identified, with a median age of 47 years. Eleven of the 13 cases (85%) were Caucasian and seven of the 13 were in stage 3 of HIV infection. Fewer of the cases were in the asymptomatic stage of infection compared with controls [odds ratio (OR) for stage 2 or 3 infection 4.0; 95% CI 0.8–18.5]. Ever having used oral glucocorticoids was highly significantly associated with elective hip surgery (OR 44.6; 95% CI 5.7–347.7).ConclusionsAmong this young cohort, the prevalence of elective hip surgery was 0.7%, with the median age at surgery being 47 years. Ever having been exposed to systemic glucocorticoids was highly significantly associated with elective hip surgery, suggesting that the principal mechanism underlying the need for surgery was avascular necrosis. There may be an increased need for elective hip surgery associated with HIV infection.
Efficacy of various irrigation protocols on the removal of triple antibiotic paste
Authors: Arslan H. , Capar I. D. , Saygili G. , Uysal B. , Gok T. , Ertas H. , Topcuoglu H. S. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractAimTo compare the efficacy of irrigation protocols on the removal of triple antibiotic paste (metronidazole, ciprofloxacin and minocycline) (TAP) from artificial grooves in root canals.MethodologyRoot canals in 72 extracted single‐rooted teeth were prepared using ProTaper rotary instruments up to size F5. The roots were split longitudinally and a standardized groove was prepared in the apical part of one segment. TAP was placed in the grooves, and the root halves were reassembled. The roots were randomly divided into six experimental groups according to the irrigation protocol used: distilled water, 1% NaOCl, 2.5% NaOCl, 100% ethanol, 17% EDTA and passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) with 1% NaOCl. The root segments were disassembled, and the amount of TAP remaining was evaluated under a stereomicroscope at 20× magnification using a four‐grade scoring system. The data were evaluated statistically using Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U‐tests with a 95% confidence level (P = 0.05).ResultsThere were significant differences amongst the groups (P < 0.001). Passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) with 1% NaOCl removed significantly more TAP than the other irrigating solutions (P < 0.05). Distilled water, 1% NaOCl, ethanol and EDTA were associated with significantly more remaining TAP.ConclusionsPUI with 1% NaOCl was more effective in removing TAP from artificial grooves in root canals than other irrigating solutions without ultrasonic agitation. It was not possible completely to remove TAP from root canals.
Isolation, characterisation and sulphation of soluble polysaccharides isolated from Cucurbita maxima
Authors: Zhou Chun‐Li , Liu Wei , Kong Qian , Song Yi , Ni Yuan‐Ying , Li Quan‐Hong , O'Riordan Dolores 
Published: September 2013

SummaryUsing hot water extraction, a large number of polysaccharides were obtained from Cucurbita maxima. A DEAE‐Sepharose CL‐6B chromatography column was used to isolate the major polysaccharides from C. maxima. Two fractions were obtained (LP2‐1 and LP2‐2). LP2‐1 and LP2‐2 consisted of neutral polysaccharides (MW: 1.02 × 104 and 4.32 × 108 g mol−1, respectively) comprised mainly of galactose units. Analyses by FT‐IR spectrometry, partial acid hydrolysis, periodate oxidation, Smith degradation and GC‐MS indicated that LP2‐1 consisted of 85.3% (1→4) glycosidic linkages and 1.7% (1→3) or (1→6) glycosidic linkages. The LP2‐1 backbone consisted of (1→4)‐linked galactose units, which occasionally branched at O6 or O3. The branches were composed of (1→4)‐linked galactose and terminated with galactose (13%). Two sulphated derivatives (SLP2‐1 and SLP2‐2) with variable degrees of sulphation (DS) were obtained by the sulphur trioxide–pyridine method, without degradation of the polysaccharide. DS of PL2‐1 and PL2‐2 was 0.19 and 0.20, respectively.
Predictors of in-Hospital Death and Symptomatic Intracranial Hemorrhage in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke Treated with Thrombolytic Therapy: Paul Coverdell Acute Stroke Registry 2008–2012
Authors: Tong Xin , George Mary G. , Yang Quanhe , Gillespie Cathleen 
Published: September 2013

Background Limited studies exist on the outcome of thrombolytic therapy of acute ischemic stroke patients outside of clinical trials. Aim To assess the possible risk factors associated with in-hospital death and symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage among patients who received intravenous tissue plasminogen activator. Methods A total of 7193 patients with a clinical diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke and a documented National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score were treated with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator within 4·5 hours of time last known to be well. Generalized estimating equations modeling was used to assess the associations of in-hospital death and symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage with clinical characteristics. Results Among 7193 patients treated with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator, 516 (7·2%) died during hospitalization. Factors associated with in-hospital death were older age, male gender, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, history of myocardial infarction or coronary artery disease, and history of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Increasing age, higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, and history of dyslipidemia were associated with symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage. There was no difference in the rates of in-hospital death or symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage among patients treated with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator within three-hours of time last known to be well and those treated between three and 4·5 hours after this time. Conclusions In this study of acute ischemic stroke patients, older age, male gender, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, history of myocardial infarction or coronary artery disease, and history of atrial fibrillation were associated with increased in-hospital death among patients receiving intravenous tissue plasminogen activator. Among patients treated with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator, in-hospital mortality and symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage rates were similar between those treated within three-hours of time last known to be well and those treated between three and 4·5 hours after this time.
Elevated Thyroid Autoantibodies and Intracranial Stenosis in Stroke at an Early Age
Authors: Shi Zhenghao , Zhang Xuting , Chen Zhicai , Liebeskind David S. , Lou Min 
Published: September 2013

Background Previous studies have shown that hyperthyroidism was related to Moyamoya disease and intracranial artery stenosis. However, it is not clear whether thyroid hormone or thyroid autoantibodies was associated with them. Aims and/or hypothesis Thyroid autoimmunity was previously shown to be associated with Moyamoya disease. Our study aimed to investigate the association between thyroid autoantibodies and intracranial large artery stenosis in young ischemic stroke patients with apparent euthyroid states. Methods We retrospectively reviewed first-onset ischemic stroke patients (age ≤55 years old) consecutively admitted to a single academic center. Intracranial large artery stenosis was defined as ≤50% luminal diameter narrowing. We compared demographic profiles, risk factors (age, hypertension, diabetes, current smoker, atrial fibrillation, hyperlipidemia), thyroid function test, and thyroid autoantibodies including antithyroperoxidase antibody and antithyroglobulin antibody between patients with and without intracranial large artery stenosis. We also performed multivariate logistic regression analysis to evaluate the association between thyroid autoantibodies and intracranial large artery stenosis. Results A total of 351 patients were analyzed. The mean age of the patients was 47·0 ±7·7 (range, 10–55 years), and 252 (71·8%) patients were male. We identified intracranial large artery stenosis in 121 (34·5%) patients. Patients with intracranial large artery stenosis showed a higher frequency of elevated antithyroperpxidase antibody levels in comparison with nonintracranial large artery stenosis group (16·5% vs. 3·9%, P < 0·001). After adjusting for covariates, the presence of elevated antithyroperpxidase antibody levels (odds ratio: 5·318; 95% confidence interval: 2·157–13·110, P <0·001), age (odds ratio: 1·037; 95% confidence interval: 1·002–1·073, P = 0·039), and atrial fibrillation (odds ratio: 0·091; 95% confidence interval: 0·011–0·756, P = 0·027) was independently associated with intracranial large artery stenosis. Conclusions Thyroid autoantibodies may be associated with the presence of intracranial large artery stenosis in young stroke patients, potentially providing insight on immune pathogenesis of intracranial large artery stenosis.
In-Hospital Cardiac Complications after Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Putaala J. , Lehto M. , Meretoja A. , Silvennoinen K. , Curtze S. , Kääriäinen J. , Koivunen R.-J. , Kaste M. , Tatlisumak T. , Strbian D. 
Published: September 2013

Background and purpose Data on cardiac complications and their precipitants after intracerebral hemorrhage are scarce. We examined the frequency and risk factors for serious in-hospital cardiac events in a large cohort of consecutive intracerebral hemorrhage patients. Methods A retrospective chart review of 1013 consecutive patients with nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage treated at the Helsinki University Central Hospital (2005–2010). We excluded patients with intraparenchymal hematoma related to sub-arachnoid hemorrhage or intracerebral hemorrhage because of fibrinolytic therapies for acute ischemic stroke or myocardial infarction. Serious in-hospital cardiac event was defined as any of in-hospital poststroke acute myocardial infarction, ventricular fibrillation or tachycardia, moderate to serious acute heart failure, or cardiac death. Results Among the 948 patients included, ≥1 serious in-hospital cardiac event occurred in 39 (4·1%) patients after a median delay of two-days from stroke onset (acute myocardial infarction in three patients, ventricular fibrillation or tachycardia in three patients, acute heart failure in 36 patients, and cardiac death in three patients). Hospital stay was longer in patients with serious in-hospital cardiac event than in those without (median 12, interquartile range 7–19 vs. 8, 3–14; P = 0·001), with no difference in in-hospital mortality (23·1% vs. 24·3%; P = 0·86). In multivariable logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, gender, and diabetes, atrial fibrillation during hospitalization (odds ratio 6·68 for new-onset atrial fibrillation, 95% confidence interval 2·11–21·18; 4·46 for old atrial fibrillation, 2·08–9·56), and history of myocardial infarction (3·20, 1·18–8·66) were independently associated with serious in-hospital cardiac events. Conclusions After intracerebral hemorrhage, 4% of patients suffer an acute serious cardiac complication. Those with history of myocardial infarction or in-hospital atrial fibrillation are at greater risk for such events.
Short-Duration Hypothermia after Ischemic Stroke Prevents Delayed Intracranial Pressure Rise
Authors: Murtha L. A. , McLeod D. D. , McCann S. K. , Pepperall D. , Chung S. , Levi C. R. , Calford M. B. , Spratt N. J. 
Published: September 2013

Background Intracranial pressure elevation, peaking three to seven post-stroke is well recognized following large strokes. Data following small–moderate stroke are limited. Therapeutic hypothermia improves outcome after cardiac arrest, is strongly neuroprotective in experimental stroke, and is under clinical trial in stroke. Hypothermia lowers elevated intracranial pressure; however, rebound intracranial pressure elevation and neurological deterioration may occur during rewarming. Hypotheses ( 1 ) Intracranial pressure increases 24 h after moderate and small strokes. ( 2 ) Short-duration hypothermia-rewarming, instituted before intracranial pressure elevation, prevents this 24 h intracranial pressure elevation. Methods Long-Evans rats with two hour middle cerebral artery occlusion or outbred Wistar rats with three hour middle cerebral artery occlusion had intracranial pressure measured at baseline and 24 h. Wistars were randomized to 2·5 h hypothermia (32·5°C) or normothermia, commencing 1 h after stroke. Results In Long-Evans rats ( n = 5), intracranial pressure increased from 10·9 ± 4·6 mmHg at baseline to 32·4 ± 11·4 mmHg at 24 h, infarct volume was 84·3 ± 15·9 mm3. In normothermic Wistars ( n = 10), intracranial pressure increased from 6·7 ± 2·3 mmHg to 31·6 ± 9·3 mmHg, infarct volume was 31·3 ± 18·4 mm3. In hypothermia-treated Wistars ( n = 10), 24 h intracranial pressure did not increase (7·0 ± 2·8 mmHg, P < 0·001 vs. normothermia), and infarct volume was smaller (15·4 ± 11·8 mm3, P < 0·05). Conclusions We saw major intracranial pressure elevation 24 h after stroke in two rat strains, even after small strokes. Short-duration hypothermia prevented the intracranial pressure rise, an effect sustained for at least 18 h after rewarming. The findings have potentially important implications for design of future clinical trials.