bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated with Social Workers’ Likelihood to Report Suspected Child Abuse: Findings from a National Survey of Chinese Social Workers
Authors: Fu Cong , Calatrava Maria , Spratt Trevor 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Whilst there have been recent national surveys about reporting child abuse in several low- and middle-income countries, data from China are lacking. This study examined the prevalence of reporting suspected child abuse and factors associated with having ever reported in a sample of social workers from mainland China. Nationally representative data from the China Social Work Longitudinal Study were used, and responses from 3,510 participants who had completed the children’s social work questionnaire module were analysed. Our results indicate that only 14.4 per cent of social workers from China had ever reported suspected child abuse. Participants who had ever reported were more likely to be female, younger, have higher education levels and social work qualifications, have a higher awareness of abusive behaviours, and have greater working autonomy than social workers who had never reported. We argue that in order to achieve higher levels of reporting suspected child abuse for Chinese social workers, it is necessary to promote the professionalisation of social work through both education and experience gained in practice.
LEOPARD syndrome with accelerated idioventricular rhythm and systolic anterior motion of the posterior mitral leaflet: a case report
Authors: Wada Naotoshi , Keisuke Shoji , Nomura Tetsuya , Keira Natsuya , Tatsumi Tetsuya 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
PTPN11 is ubiquitously expressed and has a variety of phenotypes even in a single heart. We examined LEOPARD syndrome (LS) in a patient with PTPN11 variants through pathological, electrophysiological, and anatomical studies.

Case summary
A 49-year-old man with no previous medical history was brought to our emergency department because of syncope. An electrocardiogram (ECG) revealed alternating bundle branch block, and echocardiography revealed hypertrophic cardiomyopathy-like morphology with systolic anterior motion of the posterior mitral valve. Atrioventricular block, left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction, and ventricular tachycardia were considered the differential diagnoses; however, the treatment plan was difficult to determine. An electrophysiological study revealed the cause of the ECG abnormality to be accelerated idioventricular rhythm, and the programmed ventricular stimulation was negative. Genetic testing revealed LS with PTPN11 variant, which was speculated to be the cause of these various unique cardiac features. The cause of syncope was considered to be exacerbation of LVOT obstruction due to dehydration, and the patient was treated with oral beta-blockers. Implantable loop recorder observation for 1 year revealed no arrhythmia causing syncope, and an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator and pacemaker were deemed unnecessary for primary prevention of syncope. During 2.5 years of follow-up, the LVOT peak velocity fluctuated between 2.5 and 3.5 m/s, but the patient remained stable with no recurrent syncope.

Conclusion
We confirmed that LS is distinct from other cardiomyopathies using characterization, physiological, electrophysiological, and pathological examinations. Evidence supporting a specific treatment strategy for LS is limited, and understanding the pathogenesis may help establish effective treatment strategies.
Subjective health literacy skills among Greek secondary school students: results from a national-wide survey
Authors: Bechraki Eleni , Kontogiannis Filippos , Mavrikaki Evangelia 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Health literacy is a significant element of education and is inextricably linked to children’s and adolescents’ growth and prosperity. It is critical to monitor students’ health literacy on a nationwide scale and identify the factors that influence it in order to create policies that advance it. The purpose of this study was to determine the health literacy level of Greek secondary school students and to correlate it with possible determinants such as personal and family characteristics, social support and personal and/or family illness experiences. A representative sample of 2749 seventh-, ninth-, and tenth-grade students was involved. Results showed that a higher motivation to learn about health topics and having positive social interactions and support were strongly associated with a higher level of health literacy. Gender, high academic achievement, absence of learning disabilities, gender, preference for biology and informatics and primary source of health information were also found to influence the skills’ level. In order to enhance health literacy, the Greek educational system should take measures to include health literacy skills development goals in their curricula.
Stakeholder perceptions of cervical screening accessibility and attendance in Ireland: a qualitative study
Authors: Mulcahy Symmons Sophie , Drury Amanda , De Brún Aoife 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Organized cervical screening programmes are commonplace in high-income countries. To provide an equitable cervical screening service, it is important to understand who is and is not attending screening and why. Promotion of screening and service improvement is not possible without recognition and identification of the barriers and needs of communities that are less engaged with screening. This study explored stakeholder perceptions of cervical screening attendance and accessibility in Ireland. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 healthcare professionals, policymakers and academics. Interviews were conducted online in 2022. Reflexive thematic analysis was used inductively to generate themes, supported by NVivo. Three themes were developed: (i) getting the right information out the right way, (ii) acceptability and accessibility of screening and (iii) trying to identify and reach the non-attenders. Participants felt public knowledge of cervical screening and human papilloma virus was low and communication strategies were not adequate. Individual, cultural, structural and service-level factors influenced the accessibility and acceptability of screening. Identifying and reaching non-attenders was considered challenging and community outreach could support those less likely to attend screening. Stakeholder perspectives were valuable in understanding the complexities of screening accessibility and attendance from individual to service-level factors. Cultural competency training, inclusive language and visual cues in waiting rooms would support engagement with some populations who may be hesitant to attend screening. Collaboration with community organizations has opportunities to promote screening and understand the needs of those less likely to attend screening.
Health literacy and adolescents’ substance use behaviors and correlates: a scoping review
Authors: Fleary Sasha A , Rastogi Somya , Fenton Tienna , Ali Zaire 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
From 2011 to 2023, substance use increased by 23% worldwide. Given that substance use initiation is highest during adolescence, it is crucial to identify amenable correlates of substance use prevention [e.g. health literacy (HL)], which, if embedded in interventions, may improve uptake and outcomes. Hence, this study conducted a scoping review to answer the question: What is known from the existing literature about the relationship between HL and substance use correlates and behaviors in adolescents? Five electronic databases and the bibliography of review articles were searched and a total of 1770 records were identified. After removing duplicates and engaging in three levels of screening to identify studies that included adolescents ≤ 25 years old and assessed the relationship between general HL (vs. behavior/disease-specific health knowledge) and substance use behaviors and correlates, 16 studies were retained. Studies assessed alcohol-related (n = 11), tobacco-related (n = 12), electronic vapor product use-related (n = 4), cannabis-related (n = 1), and amphetamines/methamphetamines-related (n = 1) outcomes. Studies spanned Africa, Asia, Europe, and North and Central America. Most studies included substance use as an outcome and found an inverse relationship between HL and use. Few studies examined substance use correlates (e.g. risk perception). There were no longitudinal or intervention studies. This review highlighted that the topic of adolescent HL and its relationship with substance use remains inadequately researched. Notable gaps for future studies include intervention and longitudinal designs, expansion of outcomes (e.g. more studies on marijuana, prescription drug misuse, vaping, substance use-related correlates), and examining HL as a mediator or moderator of substance use and its correlates.
Resting Metabolic Rate Does Not Predict Peak Metabolic Rate in the Glanville Fritillary Butterfly
Authors: Niitepõld Kristjan 
Published: June 2024

Synopsis
Peak metabolic rate reflects maximal performance and may have direct fitness consequences, whereas resting metabolic rate (RMR) represents the maintenance cost of the whole animal. These traits may be linked, which has significant implications for the evolution of both traits. In vertebrates, a positive correlation between RMR and aerobic capacity has been proposed to explain the origin of endothermy. However, as studies on the relationship between RMR and aerobic capacity have focused on vertebrates, we know much less about these traits in ectothermic insects. I measured RMR in the Glanville fritillary butterfly (Melitaea cinxia) using two configurations: one optimized for measuring flight metabolic rate and the other optimized for RMR. The relationship between RMR and body mass was similar for the two configurations. Body mass explained 82% of the variation in RMR when it was measured using the “flight” configuration at 32°C, and 91% when using the “rest” configuration at 23°C. The Q10 coefficient calculated based on the two RMR measurements was 2.8. Mass-independent RMR was positively correlated between measurements obtained using the two instrument configurations. However, neither measure of RMR was correlated with peak metabolic rate, which indicates that RMR cannot be used as a surrogate measure for aerobic capacity in the Glanville fritillary. Ectothermic insects may be able to combine high metabolic capacity with no apparent increase in maintenance cost. Even though RMR is among the most frequently measured physiological variables, it may have limited predictive power when it comes to questions related to activity or aerobic capacity, or in the case of butterflies, flight performance.
Long-term outcomes and risk factors for recurrence after lung segmentectomy
Authors: Uchida Shinsuke , Hattori Aritoshi , Fukui Mariko , Matsunaga Takeshi , Takamochi Kazuya , Suzuki Kenji 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The long-term oncological outcomes and risk factors for recurrence after lung segmentectomy are unclear. The aims of this study were to investigate the long-term prognosis and to evaluate risk factors for recurrence after segmentectomy.

METHODS
Between January 2008 and December 2012, a total of 177 patients underwent segmentectomy for clinical stage I non-small cell lung cancer. The median follow-up period was 120.1 months. The overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival curves were analysed using the Kaplan–Meier method with a log-rank test. Univariable and multivariable analyses were used to identify significant factors that predicted recurrence.

RESULTS
The study included 177 patients with a median age of 67 years. The median operative time was 155 min. No 30-day deaths were observed. Nine patients (5.1%) had recurrences: loco-regional in 3, distant in 3 and both in 3. The 5-year and 10-year recurrence-free survival rates were 89.7% and 79.8%, and the OS rates were 90.9% and 80.4%, respectively. On multivariable analysis, the risk factor associated with recurrence was a pure solid tumour [hazard ratio, 23.151; 95% confidence interval 2.575–208.178; P = 0.005]. The non-pure solid tumour group had a significantly better probability of survival (5-year OS: 95.4% vs 77.2%; 10-year OS: 86.5% vs 61.8%; P &lt; 0.0001). A total of 113 patients received preoperative positron emission tomography/computed tomography. Patients with a higher maximum standardized uptake value had a significantly higher recurrence rate.

CONCLUSIONS
Segmentectomy for clinical stage I non-small cell lung cancer produced acceptable long-term outcomes. Pure solid radiographic appearance was associated with recurrence and decreased survival.
Rethinking Exclusivity – A Review of Artificial Intelligence & Intellectual Property by Jyh-An Lee, Reto M Hilty and Kung-Chung Liu
Authors: van Dongen Lisa 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This review evaluates the edited work ‘Artificial Intelligence & Intellectual Property’. The book’s aim and audience are defined and its contents summarized both generally and chapter by chapter. The review also considers how the book has fared with its challenging scope, the difficult subject matter it covers, and the delivery of a coherent story and conclusions. It is concluded in this review that it speaks for the quality of both the cooperation among contributors and the editors’ vision that the book was quite successful on all accounts despite the difficulty of its project. The review highlights a few of the book’s arguments in the patent and copyright context put forth in support of two of the main discernible conclusions, briefly commenting on their persuasiveness, strengths, and limits. Concluding with some general words of reflecting, the book is recommended as an enlightening read.
Association of Antibodies to Helminth Defense Molecule 1 With Inflammation, Organomegaly, and Decreased Nutritional Status in Schistosomiasis Japonica
Authors: Ruiz Amanda E , Pond-Tor Sunthorn , Stuart Ronald , Acosta Luz P , Coutinho Hannah M , Leenstra Tjalling , Fisher Sydney , Fahey Owen , McDonald Emily A , Jiz Mario A , Olveda Remigio M , McGarvey Stephen T , Friedman Jennifer F , Wu Hannah Wei , Kurtis Jonathan D 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Immunomodulation enhances parasite fitness by reducing inflammation-induced morbidity in the mammalian host, as well as by attenuating parasite-targeting immune responses. Using a whole-proteome differential screening method, we identified Schistosoma japonicum helminth defense molecule 1 (SjHDM-1) as a target of antibodies expressed by S. japonicum–resistant but not S. japonicum–susceptible individuals. In a longitudinal cohort study (n = 644) conducted in a S. japonicum–endemic region of the Philippines, antibody levels to SjHDM-1 did not predict resistance to reinfection but were associated with increased measures of inflammation. Individuals with high levels of anti–SjHDM-1 immunoglobulin G had higher levels of C-reactive protein than those with low anti–SjHDM-1. High anti–SjHDM-1 immunoglobulin G responses were also associated with reduced biomarkers of nutritional status (albumin), as well as decreased anthropometric measures of nutritional status (weight-for-age and height-for-age z scores) and increased measures of hepatomegaly. Our results suggest that anti–SjHDM-1 responses inhibit the immunomodulatory function of SjHDM-1, resulting in increased morbidity rates.
Stability and expression of K-ras mimotopes in freeze-dried recombinant Lactococcus lactis NZ3900-fermented milk powder during storage in vacuum packaging
Authors: How Yu Hsuan , Teo Michelle Yee Mun , In Lionel Lian Aun , Yeo Siok Koon , Bhandari Bhesh , Yusof Yus Aniza , Pui Liew Phing 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Aims
This study aims to evaluate the storage stability of the freeze-dried recombinant Lactococcus lactis NZ3900-fermented milk powder expressing K-ras (Kristen rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog) mimotopes targeting colorectal cancer in vacuum packaging.

Methods and results
The freeze-dried L. lactis-fermented milk powder stored in 4-ply retortable polypropylene (RCPP)-polyamide (PA)-aluminium (AL)-polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and aluminium polyethylene (ALPE) was evaluated throughout 49 days of accelerated storage (38°C and 90% relative humidity). The fermented milk powder stored in 4-ply packaging remained above 6 log10 CFU g−1 viability, displayed lower moisture content (6.1%), higher flowability (43° angle of repose), water solubility (62%), and survivability of L. lactis after simulated gastric and intestinal digestion (&gt;82%) than ALPE packaging after 42 days of accelerated storage. K-ras mimotope expression was detected intracellularly and extracellularly in the freeze-dried L. lactis-fermented milk powder upon storage.

Conclusions
This suggests that fermented milk powder is a suitable food carrier for this live oral vaccine.
Towards objective and systematic evaluation of bias in artificial intelligence for medical imaging
Authors: Stanley Emma A M , Souza Raissa , Winder Anthony J , Gulve Vedant , Amador Kimberly , Wilms Matthias , Forkert Nils D 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective
Artificial intelligence (AI) models trained using medical images for clinical tasks often exhibit bias in the form of subgroup performance disparities. However, since not all sources of bias in real-world medical imaging data are easily identifiable, it is challenging to comprehensively assess their impacts. In this article, we introduce an analysis framework for systematically and objectively investigating the impact of biases in medical images on AI models.

Materials and Methods
Our framework utilizes synthetic neuroimages with known disease effects and sources of bias. We evaluated the impact of bias effects and the efficacy of 3 bias mitigation strategies in counterfactual data scenarios on a convolutional neural network (CNN) classifier.

Results
The analysis revealed that training a CNN model on the datasets containing bias effects resulted in expected subgroup performance disparities. Moreover, reweighing was the most successful bias mitigation strategy for this setup. Finally, we demonstrated that explainable AI methods can aid in investigating the manifestation of bias in the model using this framework.

Discussion
The value of this framework is showcased in our findings on the impact of bias scenarios and efficacy of bias mitigation in a deep learning model pipeline. This systematic analysis can be easily expanded to conduct further controlled in silico trials in other investigations of bias in medical imaging AI.

Conclusion
Our novel methodology for objectively studying bias in medical imaging AI can help support the development of clinical decision-support tools that are robust and responsible.
RhoGDI in RBL-2H3 cells acts as a negative regulator of Rho GTPase signaling to inhibit granule exocytosis
Authors: Zhang Eric L , Van Petten Jennifer , Eitzen Gary 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Mast cells are hematopoietic-derived immune cells that possess numerous cytoplasmic granules containing immune mediators such as cytokines and histamine. Antigen stimulation triggers mast cell granule exocytosis, releasing granule contents in a process known as degranulation. We have shown that Rho GTPase signaling is an essential component of granule exocytosis, however, the proteins that regulate Rho GTPases during this process are not well defined. Here we examined the role of Rho guanine-nucleotide dissociation inhibitors (RhoGDIs) in regulating Rho GTPase signaling using RBL-2H3 cells as a mast cell model. We found that RBL-2H3 cells express two RhoGDI isoforms which are primarily localized to the cytosol. Knockdown of RhoGDI1 and RhoGDI2 greatly reduced the levels of all Rho GTPases tested: RhoA, RhoG, Rac1, Rac2, and Cdc42. The reduction in Rho GTPase levels was accompanied by an increase in their membrane-localized fraction and an elevation in the levels of active Rho GTPases. All RhoGDI knockdown strains had altered resting cell morphology, although each strain was activation competent when stimulated. Live cell imaging revealed that the RhoGDI1/2 double knockdown (DKD) strain maintained its activated state for prolonged periods of time compared to the other strains. Only the RhoGDI1/2 DKD strain showed a significant increase in granule exocytosis. Conversely, RhoGDI overexpression in RBL-2H3 cells did not noticeably affect Rho GTPases or degranulation. Based on these results, RhoGDIs act as negative regulators of Rho GTPases during mast cell degranulation, and inhibit exocytosis by sequestering Rho GTPases in the cytosol.
Solitary behavior at high population density in tuco-tucos (Ctenomys sp.) from Parque Nacional Los Cardones, Argentina
Authors: Lacey Eileen A , Sánchez R Tatiana , Tarquino-Carbonell Andrea P , Ojeda Agustina A , Amaya Juan P 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Population density is a potentially significant determinant of social organization, with high densities often expected to result in greater spatial and social contact among conspecifics. As part of ongoing efforts to document behavioral diversity among tuco-tucos (Rodentia: Ctenomyidae: Ctenomys), we characterized the social organization of a population in Valle Encantado, Parque Nacional Los Cardones, Salta Province, Argentina. Live-trapping and radiotelemety data revealed that despite one of the highest densities recorded for the genus Ctenomys (~75 adults per ha), members of the study population were solitary, with each adult occupying a distinct burrow system and nest site. Co-occurrence of adults at the same point in space and time was detected only twice (&lt;0.5% of data points, n = 997 telemetry fixes). Spatial overlap between neighboring animals was limited and resulted from occasional incursions by 1 individual into the area occupied by a conspecific, with most (87.5%, n = 8) such events occurring when an adult male entered the area occupied by an adult female. Comparisons with other species of Ctenomys for which telemetry data are available did not suggest a relationship between population density and social organization within this genus. Although a formal taxonomic assessment of the tuco-tucos from Valle Encantado is needed, our findings add to a growing comparative understanding of variation in social organization within Ctenomys.