bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of segmental multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis with dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry for the assessment of body composition in a community‐dwelling older population
Authors: Kim Miji , Shinkai Shoji , Murayama Hiroshi , Mori Seijiro 
Published: October 2014

AimThe purpose of the present study was to examine the agreement of segmental multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (SMF‐BIA) for the assessment of whole‐body and appendicular fat mass (FM) and lean soft tissue mass (LSTM) compared with dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) in a community‐dwelling Japanese older population.MethodsThe study population included 551 community‐dwelling Japanese older adults (241 men and 310 women) aged between 65 and 87 years. Agreement between SMF‐BIA and DXA for whole‐body and appendicular body composition was assessed using simple linear regression and Bland–Altman analysis.ResultsHigh coefficients of determination (R2) were observed for whole‐body FM (R2 = 0.91, standard error of estimate [SEE] = 1.4 kg in men and R2 = 0.94, SEE = 1.2 kg in women) between SMF‐BIA and DXA. The R2 coefficient for whole‐body LSTM was higher in men (R2 = 0.88, SEE = 1.9 kg) than in women (R2 = 0.83, SEE = 1.5 kg). There was systematic bias with overestimation of whole‐body FM and underestimation of whole‐body LSTM by SMF‐BIA. Proportional bias was noted for measurement of whole‐body FM and LSTM in both men and women, but there was no proportional bias between the two methods for measurement of appendicular LSTM (r = 0.05, P = 0.428 and r = −0.10, P = 0.070 for men and women, respectively).ConclusionSMF‐BIA is a good alternative for estimating the whole‐body and appendicular FM and LSTM in a community‐dwelling Japanese older population, although it overestimated FM and underestimated LSTM when validated against DXA. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; 15: 1013–1022.
More than Slaves and Sugar: Recent Historiography of the Trans‐imperial Caribbean and Its Sinew Populations
Authors: Cromwell Jesse 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAlthough the plantation as a social and economic organizing principle continues to dominate early modern Caribbean historiography, recent literature has explored outside of its confines to document a range of Antillean inhabitants who were neither masters nor slaves. These subjects exploited the inter‐imperial fluidity of the region to their advantage in order to carve out commercial, strategic, and cultural niches. This article surveys new studies on smugglers, soldiers, and European ethnic minorities in the colonial Caribbean. These groups are representative examples of much larger sinew populations that the dominant historiographical paradigm of sugar and slaves has overlooked. Despite planters' attempts to essentialize race, class, legal status, and occupation into their simplest forms, a broad body of historical actors resisted and coexisted with the plantation complex and reshaped the designs of empires in the process.
Knowing Skin in Early Modern Europe, c. 1450–1750
Authors: Koslofsky Craig 
Published: October 2014

AbstractOver the last few decades the human skin has emerged as a distinct site of research for humanists, and specifically for historians of race, art, science, and medicine. In the early modern centuries Europeans at home and in the wider world transformed their understanding of skin. They established an overarching, enduring emphasis on the skin's color asthemarker of human difference, but the rise of skin color drew from other critical developments in the history of skin in this period: the discovery of the microanatomy of the skin; intense debates among Christians over skin color as a Scripture problem; and the transformation of the ancient doctrine of the humoral body. Recent research shows that in the early modern centuries questions about the skin and skin color arose from collision of new and old epistemologies, economic forces, and signifying practices, generating a wide range of topics to explore, including the use of cosmetics, tattooing and scarification, and whiteness and race. Research on knowing and marking skin in the early modern period raises vital questions about knowledge and ideology, self and other, and identity and exclusion.
Abdominal monophasic synovial sarcoma is a morphological and immunohistochemical mimic of gastrointestinal stromal tumour
Authors: Wong Newton A C S , Campbell Fiona , Shepherd Neil A 
Published: October 2014

AimsSynovial sarcomas may arise within retroperitoneal or pelvic tissues or, more rarely, within the luminal gastrointestinal tract. This case series aims to demonstrate how such primary abdominal synovial sarcomas may particularly mimic gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) on both morphological and immunohistochemical grounds.Methods and resultsFour cases of primary abdominal synovial sarcoma were reviewed morphologically and with immunohistochemistry, fluorescence in‐situ hybridization with an SS18 break‐apart probe, and KIT/PDGFRA mutation analysis. The four patients comprised two males and two females, with a median age of 42 years (range: 17–59 years). Two synovial sarcomas arose within the stomach, one within the small‐intestine mesentery, and the fourth within the retroperitoneum. All four tumours showed only a monophasic spindle cell component in the tissues available for review. All four tumours showed DOG1 immunopositivity, and three coexpressed CD117. Three tested cases did not show activating KIT or PDGFRA mutations, whereas all four cases showed chromosomal rearrangement of SS18.ConclusionsA diagnosis of synovial sarcoma should be considered particularly if an abdominal spindle cell neoplasm shows a haemangiopericytomatous pattern and diffuse CD99 and CD56 immunopositivity. A confident distinction between abdominal synovial sarcoma and GIST requires KIT/PDGFRA mutation analyses and specific molecular testing for synovial sarcoma.
Gelation enhancement of soy protein isolate by sequential low‐ and ultrahigh‐temperature two‐stage preheating treatments
Authors: Jian Huajun , Xiong Youling L. , Guo Fengxian , Huang Xiaolin , Adhikari Benu , Chen Jie 
Published: October 2014

SummaryThe effects of combined two heating steps with low (LT, 60 °C for 1 h) and ultrahigh (UHT, 130 or 140 °C for 4 s) temperatures on the thermal gelation of soy protein isolate (SPI) were studied. UHT pretreatments significantly increased protein solubility and enhanced the gelling potential of SPI. Yet, the two‐stage preheating treatment with LT and then UHT‐130 °C had a most remarkable effect: the gel strength of the SPI60+130 sample was, respectively, 1.45‐, 1.64‐ and 3.19‐fold as strong as those of SPI60, SPI25+130, and SPI25. In comparison with single LT or UHT treatments, this two‐stage heating also produced greater amounts of soluble protein aggregates stabilised predominantly by disulphide bonds and hydrophobic forces, contributing to the improved gel network structure.
Ambient Temperature and Volume of Perihematomal Edema in Acute Intracerebral Haemorrhage: The INTERACT1 Study
Authors: Zheng Danni , Arima Hisatomi , Heeley Emma , Karpin Anne , Yang Jie , Chalmers John , Anderson Craig S. ,   for the INTERACT investigators
Published: October 2014

Background As no human data exist, we aimed to determine the relation between ambient temperature and volume of perihematomal ‘cerebral’ edema in acute spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) among Chinese participants of the pilot phase, Intensive Blood Pressure Reduction in Acute Cerebral Haemorrhage Trial (INTERACT1). Methods INTERACT1 was a multicenter, open, blind outcome assessed, randomized controlled trial of intensive (systolic target <140 mmHg) vs. guideline-recommended (systolic target <180 mmHg) blood pressure (BP) lowering in 404 patients with acute ICH. Data on ambient temperature (mean, minimum, maximum, and range) on the day of each participant's ICH obtained from China Meteorological Data Sharing Service System were linked to other data including edema volumes. Multivariable regression analyses were performed to evaluate association between ambient temperature and edema volumes. A generalized linear regression model with a generalized estimating equations approach (GEE) was used to assess any association of ambient temperature and change in edema volume over 72 h. Results A total of 250 of all 384 Chinese participants had complete data that showed positive associations between ambient temperature (mean and minimum temperatures) and edema volumes at each time point over 72 h after hospital admission (all P < 0·05). All temperature parameters except diurnal temperature range were positively associated with edema volume after adjustment for confounding variables (all P < 0·02). Conclusion An apparent positive association exists between ambient temperature and perihematomal edema volume in acute spontaneous ICH.
Ex Vivo Evaluation of Carpal Flexion After Partial Carpal Arthrodesis in Horses
Authors: Tulloch Patty J. , Johnston James D. , Barber Spencer M. , Gellert Candace L. , Lang Hayley M. , Panizzi Luca 
Published: October 2014

ObjectiveTo determine degrees of flexion after arthrodesis of the antebrachiocarpal (ABC) joint, middle carpal (MC), and carpometacarpal (CMC) joints combined (MC/CMC), and carpometacarpal (CMC) joint alone.Study DesignEx vivo study.AnimalsForelimbs (n = 9) from 2‐ to 10‐year‐old Quarter Horses (5), Thoroughbred (2), and American Paint Horse (2).MethodsUsing 2 locking compression plates, 3 partial carpal arthrodesis techniques were performed. Cables and deadweights were connected to limbs and each angle of flexion determined 3 times using a protractor and then averaged. Control measurements were obtained before and after arthrodesis, the techniques randomized with Latin square design. Descriptive data were analyzed with Levene's test, Q‐Q plots, ANOVA, and Bonferroni test.ResultsMean ± SD carpal flexion results were: controls 150° ± 8°, CMC arthrodesis 149° ± 9°, MC/CMC arthrodesis 43° ± 7.6°, and ABC arthrodesis 25° ± 6.3°. There was no significant reduction in flexion after a CMC arthrodesis compared with controls (P = .21), but there was after ABC (P < .001) and MC/CMC arthrodesis (P < .001), with the ABC arthrodesis significantly reduced compared with an MC/CMC arthrodesis (P < .001).ConclusionsWhereas CMC arthrodesis does not affect carpal flexion, CMC/MC and ABC arthrodesis markedly reduce the degree of carpal flexion.
Research Review: Birth by caesarean section and development of autism spectrum disorder and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Curran Eileen A. , O'Neill Sinéad M. , Cryan John F. , Kenny Louise C. , Dinan Timothy G. , Khashan Ali S. , Kearney Patricia M. 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundGiven the growing prevalence of birth by Caesarean section (CS) worldwide, it is important to understand any long‐term effects CS delivery may have on a child's development. We assessed the impact of mode of delivery on autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of the literature in PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Web of Science up to 28 February 2014. No publication date, language, location or age restrictions were employed.ResultsThirteen studies reported an adjusted estimate for CS‐ASD, producing a pooled odds ratio (OR) of 1.23 (95% CI: 1.07, 1.40). Two studies reported an adjusted estimate for CS‐ADHD, producing a pooled OR of 1.07 (95% CI: 0.86, 1.33).ConclusionsDelivery by CS is associated with a modest increased odds of ASD, and possibly ADHD, when compared to vaginal delivery. Although the effect may be due to residual confounding, the current and accelerating rate of CS implies that even a small increase in the odds of disorders, such as ASD or ADHD, may have a large impact on the society as a whole. This warrants further investigation.
2014 European guideline on the management of syphilis
Authors: Janier M. , Hegyi V. , Dupin N. , Unemo M. , Tiplica G.S. , Potočnik M. , French P. , Patel R. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundSyphilis remains a major public health problem in Europe (both in Eastern Europe since the 1990's and in Western Europe since the re‐emergence of the disease in the late 1990's‐early 2000's).MethodsThis guideline is an update of the IUSTI: 2008 European guideline on the management of syphilis and is produced by the European Guideline Editorial Board (http://www.iusti.org/regions/Europe/pdf/2013/Editorial_Board.pdf) and EDF Guideline Committee.ResultsIt provides recommendations concerning the diagnosis and management of syphilis in Europe. Major advances include (1) broader use of PCR, immunohistochemistry, subtyping of the etiological agent Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum, new treponemal tests, and rapid‐point‐of‐care (POC) tests detecting both treponemal and non‐treponemal antibodies, (2) more flexible options for screening (TT‐treponemal test‐ first or NTT –non treponemal test‐ first or both TT and NTT), and (3) procaine penicillin is no longer the first line therapy option in any phase of the disease, i.e. long acting penicillin G (i.e. benzathine penicillin G‐BPG) is the only first line therapy regimen in early syphilis and in late latent syphilis.ConclusionsSyphilis is a disease that is relatively easy to detect by appropriate serological tests, however, all laboratory results should be considered together with clinical data and sexual risk anamnesis. Syphilis is also easy to treat with BPG. A major concern about the supply of BPG in many European countries could threaten the efficacy of the policies of eradication of the disease in Europe.
Differential effects of lipopolysaccharide on energy metabolism in murine microglial N9 and cholinergicSN56 neuronal cells
Authors: Klimaszewska‐Łata Joanna , Gul‐Hinc Sylwia , Bielarczyk Hanna , Ronowska Anna , Zyśk Marlena , Grużewska Katarzyna , Pawełczyk Tadeusz , Szutowicz Andrzej 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThere are significant differences between acetyl‐CoA andATPlevels, enzymes of acetyl‐CoA metabolism, and toll‐like receptor 4 contents in non‐activated microglial N9 and non‐differentiated cholinergicSN56 neuroblastoma cells. Exposition of N9 cells to lipopolysaccharide caused concentration‐dependent several‐fold increases of nitrogen oxide synthesis, accompanied by inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, aconitase, and α‐ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex activities, and by nearly proportional depletion of acetyl‐CoA, but by relatively smaller losses inATPcontent and cell viability (about 5%). On the contrary,SN56 cells appeared to be insensitive to direct exposition to high concentration of lipopolysaccharide. However, exogenous nitric oxide resulted in marked inhibition pyruvate dehydrogenase and aconitase activities, depletion of acetyl‐CoA, along with respective loss ofSN56 cells viability. These data indicate that these two common neurodegenerative signals may differentially affect energy‐acetyl‐CoA metabolism in microglial and cholinergic neuronal cell compartments in the brain. Moreover, microglial cells appeared to be more resistant than neuronal cells to acetyl‐CoA andATPdepletion evoked by these neurodegenerative conditions. Together, these data indicate that differential susceptibility of microglia and cholinergic neuronal cells to neurotoxic signals may result from differences in densities of toll‐like receptors and degree of disequilibrium between acetyl‐CoA provision in mitochondria and its utilization for energy production and acetylation reactions in each particular group of cells.imageThere are significant differences between acetyl‐CoA and ATP levels and enzymes of acetyl‐CoA metabolism in non‐activated microglial N9 and non‐differentiated cholinergic SN56 neuroblastoma cells. Pathological stimulation of microglial toll‐like receptors (TLRs) triggered excessive synthesis of microglia‐derived nitric oxide (NO)/NOO radicals that endogenously inhibited pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC), aconitase, and α‐ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex. However, it caused none or small suppressions of acetyl‐CoA and microglial viability, respectively. Microglia‐derived NO inhibited same enzymes in cholinergic neuronal cells causing marked viability loss because of acetyl‐CoA deficits evoked by its competitive consumption by energy producing and acetylcholine/N‐acetyl‐l‐aspartate (NAA) synthesizing pathways.
Asymmetric Learning from Financial Information
Authors: KUHNEN CAMELIA M. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTThis study asks whether investors learn differently from gains versus losses. I find experimental evidence that indicates that being in the negative domain leads individuals to form overly pessimistic beliefs about available investment options. This pessimism bias is driven by people reacting more to low outcomes in the negative domain relative to the positive domain. Such asymmetric learning may help explain documented empirical patterns regarding the differential role of poor versus good economic conditions on investment behavior and household economic choices.
Pathological assessment of follicular loss in laparoscopic endometrioma excision: Effects of cyst size and surgeon's experience
Authors: Aytac Pinar Caglar , Parlakgumus Huriye Ayse , Bolat Filiz Aka , Cok Tayfun , Haydardedeoglu Bulent , Kilicdag Esra Bulgan 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAimWe planned to histologically demonstrate unintentional ovarian harm caused by excision of endometriomas.MethodsOne hundred and seven patients with 135 endometriomas had laparoscopic excision of endometriomas at a tertiary health‐care clinic over a 6‐year period. Records were obtained retrospectively and pathological specimens were reevaluated to demonstrate follicular loss. Tissue damage was scored morphologically and compared according to surgeons' experience and endometrioma size.ResultsOvarian follicles were detected in 80% of endometrioma specimens near the cyst wall. Morphological scores of ovarian follicles were not affected by the surgeon's experience or endometrioma size.ConclusionSurgical excision of endometriomas causes inevitable ovarian follicular loss. As observed in our study, this loss rate could not be traced to surgical experience or ovarian size.
Psychiatric factors do not affect recurrence risk of hyperemesis gravidarum
Authors: Magtira Aromalyn , Paik Schoenberg Frederic , MacGibbon Kimber , Tabsh Khalil , Fejzo Marlena S. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAimThe aim of this study is to determine whether psychiatric symptoms affect recurrence risk of hyperemesis gravidarum (HG).MethodsThe study sample included 108 women with HG treated with i.v. fluids in their first pregnancy. Women were divided into two groups based on recurrence of HG in their second pregnancy. Participants submitted medical records and completed a survey regarding pregnancy characteristics and psychiatric symptoms. The χ2‐test and Student's t‐test were performed to compare the two groups.ResultsEighty‐four women (71%) had a recurrence of HG requiring i.v. fluid for dehydration, and were compared with 34 women (29%) who did not have a recurrence. There were no significant differences in obstetric history, although there was a trend toward greater time between first and second pregnancy in the recurrence group (P = 0.08). There were no differences in pre‐existing psychiatric diagnoses including anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, panic or eating disorders. Following the first HG pregnancy, participants in both groups were well matched for all post‐traumatic stress symptoms.ConclusionThis study is the first to analyze the relationship of psychiatric factors to risk of recurrence of HG. No factors were identified that increase the risk of recurrence including stress symptoms following a HG pregnancy. Psychological sequelae associated with HG are probably a result of the physical symptoms of prolonged severe nausea and vomiting, medication and/or hospitalization, and likely play no role in disease etiology.
An appraisal of oral cancer and pre‐cancer screening programmes in Europe: a systematic review
Authors: Warnakulasuriya Saman , Fennell Nathalie , Diz Pedro , Seoane Juan , Rapidis Alexander ,   the LDV Lifelong Learning Programme
Published: October 2014

BackgroundClose to 50% of oral cancer (OC) patients still present in advanced stages of disease. Screening, in medicine and dentistry, is a strategy to identify an unrecognised disorder in individuals without signs and symptoms. There are several cancers that fit valid criteria for screening, but whether or not to screen a population for OC remains a dilemma. However, many screening programmes for OC and detection of potentially malignant disorders are described. Many of these have been conducted in Europe, but the feasibility of screening for OC has not been systematically addressed.MethodsA systematic review was conducted using the key words of interest. Based on our inclusion criteria, 16 European studies spanning three decades were selected from the published English literature. These studies were systematically analysed. The results were discussed with an expert EU consortium built with the task to promote the early detection of OC.ResultsThere were no consistent results or conclusions across the studies reviewed, largely as a result of there being a wide variety in the screening models and methods of data analysis adopted by each group. In nine of the studies reviewed, whilst descriptive findings from screening were presented, the authors had not attempted to analyse the outcomes. Additionally, only one study reported follow‐up data of the screened population.ConclusionsIn order to uphold the benefits of screening, it is necessary to demonstrate an improvement in survival rates following early detection. No such randomised control trials (RCT) on OC have been undertaken in Europe. Undertaking such a RCT may be difficult in the European setting. However, the feasibility of screening for OPMDs by conventional oral examination has been demonstrated, supporting a strategy to adopt appropriate screening models, and further action from the European countries should be to demonstrate methods of halting their progression by tested interventions. We provide a brief guideline for future screening studies.
Oral lesions and colonization by yeasts in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Pieralisi Neli , Godoy Janine , Yamada Sergio , Santana Rosangela , Svidzinski Terezinha 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundPatients with chronic kidney disease, stage 5, undergoing hemodialysis treatment are frequently colonized by yeasts, with high chance of developing fungal infections. The objective of this study was to assess the presence of yeasts in the oral cavity of these individuals, associating findings with the presence of oral lesions and the use of dental prostheses.MethodsClinical examinations of the oral mucosa were performed in 52 patients, when the use of removable dental prostheses and the presence of oral lesions were observed and recorded. Saliva samples were collected to identify yeast specimens and colony‐forming units.ResultsColonization by yeasts was found in 42.31% of the patients, 100% of which belonging to the genus Candida, with the predominance of C. albicans (69.23%). Half of the patients (26) presented some type of oral lesion, the majority (63.33%) suggestive of candidiasis, which was confirmed in 57.89% of cases. The chance that these patients carried yeast colonies in the presence of dental prostheses and oral lesions was 6.33 and 2.62 times higher, respectively.ConclusionsPatients investigated in this study presented a high incidence of yeasts in the oral cavity, with those with oral lesions and dental prostheses being more likely to carry yeasts. When oral lesions are detected in patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment, particularly in those who are prosthesis users, early diagnosis and treatment of this type of lesion, in association with systemic investigations, should be performed to mitigate possible unfavorable prognoses.