bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal and spatial variability of zoobenthos recruitment in a north-east Atlantic marine reserve
Authors: Ronowicz Marta , Kukliński Piotr , Lock Kate , Newman Philip B. , Burton Mark , Jones Jennifer 
Published: June 2014

Submerged artificial surface imitates newly available habitat for settlement of marine fauna. It also enables study of the timing of benthic larval settlement. Such knowledge is important if the model of possible recovery after disturbance in protected areas is to be assessed. During this study recruitment of sessile benthic invertebrate fauna at spatial and temporal scales was investigated using artificial panels submerged in the Skomer Marine Nature Reserve (Wales, UK). Panels were exchanged monthly between May 2009 and September 2011 (with the exclusion of winter time). Recruitment was highly variable with regard to time and distribution; abundance and number of recruiting species varied significantly between sites (about 2 km apart from each other), depths (6 and 12 m), position on panels (top or underside) and years without any obvious trends. The highest number of individuals and highest values of species richness were at Bernies Rocks, at the greater depth and on the underside surface of panels. Bryozoans were the dominant taxon on panels in each studied year and month. Most macrofaunal species noted on panels exhibit a colonial life strategy with short-lived, non-feeding larval stage. Although many species settle all year round, levels of settlement usually peak in summer months, showing a seasonal recruitment pattern (Bugula fulva, Spirobranchus triqueter, Chorizopora brongniartiandEscharoides coccinea). Some species had a pronounced settlement peak in spring (e.g.Electra pilosaandBalanus crenatus).
A co-evolutionary arms race: trypanosomes shaping the human genome, humans shaping the trypanosome genome
Authors: CAPEWELL PAUL , COOPER ANNELI , CLUCAS CAROLINE , WEIR WILLIAM , MACLEOD ANNETTE 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARYTrypanosoma bruceiis the causative agent of African sleeping sickness in humans and one of several pathogens that cause the related veterinary disease Nagana. A complex co-evolution has occurred between these parasites and primates that led to the emergence of trypanosome-specific defences and counter-measures. The first line of defence in humans and several othercatarrhineprimates is the trypanolytic protein apolipoprotein-L1 (APOL1) found within two serum protein complexes, trypanosome lytic factor 1 and 2 (TLF-1 and TLF-2). Two sub-species ofT. bruceihave evolved specific mechanisms to overcome this innate resistance,Trypanosoma brucei gambienseandTrypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. InT. b. rhodesiense, the presence of the serum resistance associated (SRA) gene, a truncated variable surface glycoprotein (VSG), is sufficient to confer resistance to lysis. The resistance mechanism ofT. b. gambienseis more complex, involving multiple components: reduction in binding affinity of a receptor for TLF, increased cysteine protease activity and the presence of the truncated VSG,T. b. gambiense-specific glycoprotein (TgsGP). In a striking example of co-evolution, evidence is emerging that primates are responding to challenge byT. b. gambienseandT. b. rhodesiense, with several populations of humans and primates displaying resistance to infection by these two sub-species.
The Catholic theology of religions: a survey of pre-Vatican II and Conciliar attitudes towards other religions
Authors: Tan Loe-Joo 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis article analyses the Catholic view of religions by examining its beginnings as a theology of salvation for non-believers summarised by the aphorism extra ecclesiam nulla salus. It notes that Catholic attempts to examine the capacity of religions per se in attaining salvation for their followers took place in the period before and during Vatican II when the church began assessing the non-Christian person not just as an isolated individual but also by taking into account her wider affiliations to a religious community. This analysis has revealed there were hermeneutical tensions within the church about whether the Council signified greater continuity or discontinuity with tradition, and consequently, similarly contrasting views about the extent to which it was willing to see other religions as holding salvific function to any extent. The survey has concluded that ultimately the Council chose to leave this question of the salvific function of other faiths open for further investigation, even though it displayed an unprecedented positive appreciation of them, contra some observers who have argued the church recognised the possibility of salvation for non-Christians through their own faiths. Nevertheless, the Second Vatican Council did affirm the significance of other religions as a preparation for the Gospel, as well as showed a movement beyond the pre-Conciliar notion of extra ecclesiam by granting the possibility of salvation for non-Christians, particularly those who are invincibly ignorant and who had striven to live an upright life by observing natural law. This implies that the next theological question on the agenda could be on the role and functions of these religions; i.e. are those people who are reckoned to be saved, saved through or despite their religions, and how is this salvation related to the church or to the work of Christ or both? Thus, the analysis provided in this theological-historical survey will serve to provide the backdrop for further discussions on post Conciliar developments within the Catholic theology of religions. Finally, an understanding of Catholic views towards other religions will also be illuminative for Protestantism as it seeks to advance its own theological understanding of world religions.
Not so simple: The multidimensional nature and diverse origins of political ideology
Authors: Feldman Stanley , Huddy Leonie 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAt odds with Hibbing et al., we argue that political ideology is best explained by at least two dimensions linked to economic and social ideology. In addition, Hibbing et al's claim that conservatism is grounded in a heightened sensitivity to negative outcomes, something closely tied to the personality trait of neuroticism, does not fit with the established personality correlates of political ideology. Conscientiousness and a lack of openness to experience are linked to conservatism but there is no established connection to neuroticism.
Fruit–frugivore interactions in Amazonian seasonally flooded and unflooded forests
Authors: Hawes Joseph E. , Peres Carlos A. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract:Constructing community fruit–frugivore networks has proved challenging in tropical forests to date, particularly in lowland Amazonia, which hosts the most diverse spectrum of frugivorous vertebrates and morphological fruit types worldwide. We assessed data on fruit resource production, frugivore assemblages and corresponding fruit–frugivore networks in two contrasting forest types along the Rio Juruá of western Brazilian Amazonia: seasonally flooded várzea (VZ) and unflooded terra firme forest (TF). Over 2 y we conducted monthly surveys of fruit patches and medium- to large-bodied vertebrate frugivores within three 100-ha plots (two TF, one VZ), supplemented by fruit surveys along 67 5-km transects distributed across two contiguous forest reserves (41 TF, 26 VZ). Observations of trophic interactions were supplemented by semi-structured interviews with experienced hunters and fishermen from 16 local communities. The resultant binary networks contained low proportions of all potential interactions (TF: 25.7%, VZ: 19.4%) between 36 functional groups of frugivores and 152 plant genera and, while we report significant heterogeneity in fruit resource use among broad frugivore guilds within each forest type, recursive partitioning analysis failed to clearly match differences in fruit selection to fruit traits. The annual flood pulse in várzea forests had an overriding influence on the species turnover of both fruit resources and frugivores between the two forest types, with higher-order effects on network structure.
Investigation of a swimming pool-associated cryptosporidiosis outbreak in the Kimberley region of Western Australia
Authors: NG-HUBLIN J. S. Y. , HARGRAVE D. , COMBS B. , RYAN U. 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARYCryptosporidiosis is a gastroenteric disease caused by the protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium, which manifests primarily as watery diarrhoea. Transmitted via the faecal–oral route, infection with the parasite can occur through ingestion of water, food or other fomites contaminated with its infective oocyst stage. In the months of November and December 2012, there were 18 notified cases of cryptosporidiosis from Broome, Western Australia. The 5-year average for the Kimberley region for this period is <1 case. Interviews conducted by Broome local government staff on the notified cases revealed that 11/18 cases had been swimming at the Broome public swimming pool. Molecular analyses of extracted DNA performed on 8/18 microscopy-positive faecal samples from interviewed cases and three water samples from different locations at the hypervariable glycoprotein 60 (gp60) gene, identified the C. hominis IbA10G2 subtype in all human samples and one water sample.
Nurses' perceptions of depression in patients with cancer
Authors: Rhondali Wadih , Leprince Tanguy , Chirac Anne , Terra Jean-Louis , Filbet Marilène 
Published: June 2014

AbstractObjective:Our study aimed at examining nurses' perceptions of depression in cancer patients and their role in its management.Method:We employed questionnaire-based semi-directed interviews. Participants were asked to classify 22 symptoms (related and specific to depression in cancer patients, related but not specific, and unrelated) as “very important,” “important,” “less important,” or “not important” for the diagnosis of depression in cancer patients at two different timepoints (baseline and after a video education program). They were also asked to complete a questionnaire exploring their perceptions about depression and of their role in its systematic screening. We recruited nurses caring for cancer patients from four different departments (palliative care unit, hematology, medical oncology, and thoracic oncology) at an academic medical center.Results:We interviewed 18 nurses and found that they had a good general knowledge of depression in cancer patients, with the majority of them being able to distinguish specific and important symptoms from nonspecific symptoms. Some nurses considered depression as a second-line symptom, and most did not employ a screening tool in their daily practice. All considered that they had a role to play in the management of depression, even as they acknowledged lacking specific training for that task.Significance of results:Our results suggest that limited resources—especially lack of training—affects nurses' ability to correctly manage depression in their cancer patients.
Chemotherapeutic drugs that penetrate the blood–brain barrier affect the development of hyperactive delirium in cancer patients
Authors: Matsuoka Hiromichi , Yoshiuchi Kazuhiro , Koyama Atsuko , Otsuka Masatomo , Nakagawa Kazuhiko 
Published: June 2014

AbstractObjective:Delirium is a frequently encountered psychiatric disease in terminal cancer patients. However, the mechanism of delirium is unclear. The aim of our study was to investigate the relationship between administration of chemotherapy drugs that penetrate the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and the development of delirium in cancer patients.Method:We retrospectively analyzed 166 cancer patients (97 males, 69 females) continuously who died between September of 2007 and January of 2010 using a review of medical charts. Multiple logistic regression analysis was employed to investigate the effects of antineoplastic drugs penetrating the BBB on development of delirium in cancer patients with control for other risk factors.Results:In multivariate analysis, antineoplastic drugs that penetrated the BBB were significantly associated with development of delirium (OR = 18.92, CI95 = 1.08–333.04, p < 0.001).Significance of results:The use of chemotherapy drugs that penetrate the BBB may be a risk factor for delirium. This information may allow palliative care doctors and medical oncologists to predict which patients are at increased risk for delirium.
Quantitative and qualitative genomic characterization of cultivated Ilex L. species
Authors: Gottlieb Alexandra Marina , Poggio Lidia 
Published: June 2014

The development of modern approaches to the genetic improvement of the tree crops Ilex paraguariensis (‘yerba mate’) and Ilex dumosa (‘yerba señorita’) is halted by the scarcity of basic genetic information. In this study, we characterized the implementation of low-cost methodologies such as representational difference analysis (RDA), single-strand conformation polymorphisms (SSCP), and reverse and direct dot-blot filter hybridization assays coupled with thorough bioinformatic characterization of sequence data for both species. Also, we estimated the genome size of each species using flow cytometry. This study contributes to the better understanding of the genetic differences between two cultivated species, by generating new quantitative and qualitative genome-level data. Using the RDA technique, we isolated a group of non-coding repetitive sequences, tentatively considered as Ilex-specific, which were 1.21- to 39.62-fold more abundant in the genome of I. paraguariensis. Another group of repetitive DNA sequences involved retrotransposons, which appeared 1.41- to 35.77-fold more abundantly in the genome of I. dumosa. The genomic DNA of each species showed different performances in filter hybridizations: while I. paraguariensis showed a high intraspecific affinity, I. dumosa exhibited a higher affinity for the genome of the former species (i.e. interspecific). These differences could be attributed to the occurrence of homologous but slightly divergent repetitive DNA sequences, highly amplified in the genome of I. paraguariensis but not in the genome of I. dumosa. Additionally, our hybridization outcomes suggest that the genomes of both species have less than 80% similarity. Moreover, for the first time, we report herein a genome size estimate of 1670 Mbp for I. paraguariensis and that of 1848 Mbp for I. dumosa.
Beyond a ‘Two-Level’ Game: Local Livelihood Issues and International Development Institutions in the Mekong River Basin
Authors: Myint Tun 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis article investigates whether and how local livelihood issues are linked to international development policy and practices in the Mekong River Basin under a two-level game approach. Based on field research and interviews with villagers, and national and international policy makers associated with two hydroelectric dam projects, four key livelihood issues that are central to local communities, but are not currently considered important in international development policy and practices, are described. Fundamental to these issues is the problem that existing frameworks of international institutions do not consider local communities and citizens as legitimate participants at the international level. It is argued that the linkages between local- and international-layer institutions are not established by considering only policy issues and interests of nation-states; the focus of existing frameworks of international institutions. A major challenge for international development planning in the Mekong River Basin is establishing direct linkages between local livelihood issues and international development institutions.
Baby Ghosts: Child Spirits and Contemporary Conceptions of Childhood in Thailand
Authors: Sinnott Megan 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe currently popular practice of propitiating, or ‘adopting’, child spirits in Thailand reveals an ambivalent attitude towards childhood. According to Buddhist scholars on childhood, Buddhist conceptions of children do not differentiate children in significant ways from adults in terms of their relative purity or innocence, as both children and adults possess countless lifetimes of karma; children are thus agentive beings, although not yet fully realised as adults. The child ghosts reflect the complex, competing conceptions of childhood, where they are both valuable resources to be deployed in the assistance of their families, and vulnerable beings in need of adult caretaking. Child ghosts are markers of both material and sentimental resources for their adoptive parents, or ‘guardians’. This article explores representations of child ghosts in popular media, and investigates child ghost propitiation practices through interviews with child ghost guardians. In addition, an overview is provided of the various categories of child ghosts, including kumanthong, kuman-thep, kuman-phrai, luk-krok, and rak-yom.
Treatment of asthma exacerbations with the human-powered nebuliser: a randomised parallel-group clinical trial
Authors: Hallberg Christopher J , Lysaught M Therese , Najarro René Antonio , Cea Gil Fausto , Villatoro Clara , Diaz de Uriarte Ana Celia , Olson Lars E 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Background:
Nebulisers aid the treatment of respiratory diseases, including asthma, but they require electricity and are often cost-prohibitive for low- and middle-income countries.

Aims:
The aim of this study was to compare a low-cost, human-powered nebuliser compressor with an electric nebuliser compressor for the treatment of mild to moderate asthma exacerbations in adults and children.

Methods:
This was a non-blinded, parallel-group, equivalence study, with 110 subjects between 6 and 65 years of age, conducted in the emergency department of a district hospital in Ilopango, El Salvador. Participants were assigned by random allocation to receive a 2.5-mg dose of salbutamol from the experimental human-powered nebuliser or the electric nebuliser control. All assigned participants completed treatment and were included in analysis. The study was not blinded as this was clinically unfeasible; however, data analysis was blinded.

Results:
The mean improvement in peak flow of the experimental and control groups was 37.5 (95% confidence interval (CI) 26.7–48.2) l/min and 38.7 (95% CI, 26.1–51.3) l/min, respectively, with a mean difference of 1.3 (95% CI, −15.1 to 17.7) l/min. The mean improvement in percent-expected peak flow for the experimental and control groups was 12.3% (95% CI, 9.1–15.5%) and 13.8% (95% CI, 9.8–17.9%), respectively, with a mean difference of 1.5% (95% CI, −3.6 to 6.6%).

Conclusions:
The human-powered nebuliser compressor is equivalent to a standard nebuliser compressor for the treatment of mild-to-moderate asthma. (Funded by the Opus Dean’s Fund, Marquette University College of Engineering; ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01795742.)
Latched microswitches in laminates for high power 0–6.5 GHz applications
Authors: Kim Sung Jun , Zhang Yang , Wang Minfang , Bachman M. , Li Guann‐Pyng 
Published: June 2014

A microswitch designed for high power radio‐frequency (RF) applications is presented. A unique 3D transmission line is combined with a robust latched direct contact switch in this RF switch design. Each unit is fabricated in laminate panels before being singulated into pre‐packaged micro‐RF switches. High power RF tests reached 15 W at 1.9 GHz for this device. The switch has a good RF performance with −0.296 dB insertion loss and −22.03 dB isolation at 6.56 GHz.
Biological charge transfer via flickering resonance
Authors: Zhang Yuqi , Liu Chaoren , Balaeff Alexander , Skourtis Spiros S. , Beratan David N. 
Published: June 2014

Significance
Electron transport through DNA plays a central role in nucleic acid damage and repair, and it is usually modeled using a carrier tunneling mechanism (at short distances) and a hopping mechanism (at longer distances). We find that fluctuations into transient geometries that bring multiple bases into electronic degeneracy may support band-like transport during the resonance lifetimes over a distance of ≲15 Å, obviating the need to invoke electron tunneling at short distances. This line of research may help to reveal mechanisms of charge transport in multiheme proteins, bacterial nanowires, and synthetic nanowires, and may also assist in framing the mechanisms of coherent multipigment excitonic transport in light-harvesting proteins.
The
B2
flowering time locus of beet encodes a zinc finger transcription factor
Authors: Dally Nadine , Xiao Ke , Holtgräwe Daniela , Jung Christian 
Published: June 2014

Significance
Flowering must be strictly avoided in crop plants whose vegetative parts (such as leaves or roots) are harvested. A new flowering time regulator has been cloned from a root crop (sugar beet) which acts epistatically to a recently identified bolting gene. Mutations in each of the two genes resulted in a loss of competence to flower without vernalization. This offers a perspective to breed “never bolting” hybrids by combining two mutations in each of both genes. Those cultivars would have a higher yield potential because they could be grown over winter or early in spring.
Urine 3-hydroxykynurenine is higher during the postovulatory phase than in the preovulatory phase indicating a higher vitamin B6 requirement
Authors: Shibata Katsumi 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The relationship between l-tryptophan to nicotinamide metabolism and the menstrual cycle of Japanese women was investigated. Nine metabolism intermediates from urine samples collected during the preovulatory and postovulatory phases were measured. Only urine 3-hydroxykynurenine was higher in the postovulatory phase than in the preovulatory phase. This increase in 3-hydroxykynurenine suggests a decreased reaction of 3-hydroxykynurenine → 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid catalyzed by kynureninase, a vitamin B6 enzyme.
Enhancement of exercise endurance capacity by fermented deer antler in BALB/c mice
Authors: Jang Seongho , Park Eu Ddeum , Suh Hyung Joo , Lee Sang Hun , Kim Jin Soo , Park Yooheon 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
To investigate the activity of fermented deer antler on exercise endurance capacity, we evaluated endurance capacity in five-week-old male BALB/c mice by administering the fermented deer antler extract (FA) or the non-fermented deer antler extract (NFA) and then subjected the mice to exercise in the form of swimming. The mice administered 500 mg/kg/day of FA showed a significant increase in swimming time compared with mice administered placebo (16.55 min vs. 21.64 min, P &lt; 0.05). Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), the marker of the liver and muscle damage, was significantly lower in FA groups. However, NFA groups did not show significantly different swimming time or serum LDH from that of the control group. Moreover, the FA-500 group had significantly higher hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity after forced swimming than the control and NFA groups (P &lt; 0.05). These findings suggest that fermentation may increase the exercise endurance capacity of the deer antler.