bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frailty and Short-Term Outcomes in Patients With Hip Fracture
Authors: Kistler Elizabeth A. , Nicholas Joseph A. , Kates Stephen L. , Friedman Susan M. 
Published: July 2015

Objectives: To assess the prevalence of frailty and its ability to predict short-term outcomes in older patients with hip fracture. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: University-affiliated community hospital. Participants: Thirty-five patients aged ≥65 treated with hip fracture. Measurements: Frailty was assessed using the 5 criteria of the Fried Frailty Index, modified for a post-fracture population. Cognitive impairment was assessed with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). The primary outcome was overall hospital complication rate. Secondary outcomes were length of stay (LOS) and specific complications. Differences between the frail and the non-frail were identified using chi-square analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA) for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Results: Eighteen (51%) participants were frail. Seventeen (49%) had ≥1 hospital complication. Twelve (67%) frail patients versus 5 (29%) non-frail patients had a complication ( P = .028). Mean LOS was longer in patients with frailty (7.3 ± 5.9 vs 4.1 ± 1.2 days, P = .038). Most were frail for the weakness criterion (94%), and few were frail for the physical activity criterion (9%). Excluding these criteria, we developed a 3-criteria frailty index (shrinking, exhaustion, and slowness) that identified an increased risk of complications (64.7% vs 33.3%, P = .061) and LOS (7.4 ± 6.1 vs 4.2 ± 1.3 days, P = .040) in participants with frailty. Among non-frail participants with a high MoCA score of ≥20 (n = 12), 2 (17%) had complications compared to 10 (71%) frail participants with a low MoCA score (n = 14). Conclusion: Frailty is common in older patients with hip fracture and associated with increased LOS and postoperative complications. A low MoCA score, a hypothesized marker of more advanced cognitive frailty, may further increase risk. Frailty assessment has a role in prognostic discussion and care planning. The 3-criteria frailty index is an easily used tool with potential application in clinical practice.
Psychological, Social, and Spiritual Effects of Contraceptive Steroid Hormones
Authors: Klaus Hanna , Cortés Manuel E. 
Published: July 2015

Governments and society have accepted and enthusiastically promoted contraception, especially contraceptive steroid hormones, as the means of assuring optimal timing and number of births, an undoubted health benefit, but they seldom advert to their limitations and side effects. This article reviews the literature on the psychological, social, and spiritual impact of contraceptive steroid use. While the widespread use of contraceptive steroid hormones has expanded life style and career choices for many women, their impact on the women's well-being, emotions, social relationships, and spirituality is seldom mentioned by advocates, and negative effects are often downplayed. When mentioned at all, depression and hypoactive sexual desire are usually treated symptomatically rather than discontinuing their most frequent pharmacological cause, the contraceptive. The rising incidence of premarital sex and cohabitation and decreased marriage rates parallel the use of contraceptive steroids as does decreased church attendance and/or reduced acceptance of Church teaching among Catholics. Lay summary While there is wide, societal acceptance of hormonal contraceptives to space births, their physical side effects are often downplayed and their impact on emotions and life styles are largely unexamined. Coincidental to the use of “the pill” there has been an increase in depression, low sexual desire, “hook-ups,” cohabitation, delay of marriage and childbearing, and among Catholics, decreased church attendance and reduced religious practice. Fertility is not a disease. Birth spacing can be achieved by natural means, and the many undesirable effects of contraception avoided.
Melphalan, prednisone, and thalidomide vs melphalan, prednisone, and lenalidomide (ECOG E1A06) in untreated multiple myeloma
Authors: Stewart A. Keith , Jacobus Susanna , Fonseca Rafael , Weiss Matthias , Callander Natalie S. , Chanan-Khan Asher A. , Rajkumar S. Vincent 
Published: July 2015

Key PointsIn a randomized phase 3 trial, overall response rates, PFS, and overall survival were similar between MPT-T and mPR-R. Toxicity with both regimens was common, but mPR-R was better tolerated, and patients on the mPR-R regimen reported better quality of life.
Window of opportunity to achieve major outcomes in early rheumatoid arthritis patients: how persistence with therapy matters
Authors: Contreras-Yáñez Irazú , Pascual-Ramos Virginia 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Benefits of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARD) in early rheumatoid arthritis patients (ERAP) will be achieved if patients follow prescribed treatment. Objective was to investigate whether timing of first non-persistence period and/or duration of persistence during the first 4 years of follow-up predicted disease outcomes at the 5th year in a cohort of ERAP, initiated in 2004.

Patients and Methods
Up to February 2015, charts of 107 ERAP with at least 5 years of follow-up and prospective 6-month assessments of disease activity, disability and persistence were reviewed. Non-persistence was defined as omission of DMARD and/or corticosteroids for at least 7 consecutive days; regarding methotrexate, one weekly missing dose was considered non-persistence. Persistence was recorded through an interview (up to 2008) and thereafter through a questionnaire; persistence duration was recorded in months of continuous medicationtaking. At the 5th year, disease activity was defined according to Disease Activity Score (DAS)28, and disability according to Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ). Descriptive statistics and linear and Cox regression analyses were used.

Results
At study entry, patients were more frequently middle-aged (39.1 ± 13.3 years) and female (88.8 %), as well as more likely to have high disease activity and disability. Over the first 4 years of follow-up, 54.2 % of the patients had indications for oral corticosteroids and all traditional DMARDs. Almost 70 % had at least one period of non-persistence, and their follow-up (median, 25th–75th interquartile range) to first non-persistence period was 13 months (1–31). Persistence duration during the first 4 years predicted subsequent DAS28 (in addition to gender and baseline DAS28) and HAQ (in addition to age). During the 5th year, 68 patients (56 women) achieved sustained remission (DAS28 < 2.6). In female population (n = 95), baseline DAS28 (odds ratio [OR], 0.65; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 0.50–0.83; p = 0.001) and persistence duration (OR, 1.04; 95 % CI, 1–1.08; p = 0.05) were predictors. Also, 84 patients achieved sustained function (HAQ <0.21), and baseline DAS28 and age were the only predictors. Timing of first non-persistence period did not impact outcomes.

Conclusions
Persistence duration with DMARDs within the first 4 years of RA predicted subsequent favorable outcomes in ERAP; additional predictors were younger age, male gender and lower disease activity at diagnosis.
Fixed points of monotone mappings and application to integral equations
Authors: Bachar Mostafa , Khamsi Mohamed Amine 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn this work, we discuss the existence of fixed points of monotone nonexpansive mappings defined on partially ordered Banach spaces. This work is a continuity of the previous works of Ran and Reurings, Nieto et al., and Jachimsky done for contraction mappings. As an application, we discuss the existence of solutions to an integral equations.
Smart Align—a new tool for robust non-rigid registration of scanning microscope data
Authors: Jones Lewys , Yang Hao , Pennycook Timothy J. , Marshall Matthew S. J. , Van Aert Sandra , Browning Nigel D. , Castell Martin R. , Nellist Peter D. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractMany microscopic investigations of materials may benefit from the recording of multiple successive images. This can include techniques common to several types of microscopy such as frame averaging to improve signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) or time series to study dynamic processes or more specific applications. In the scanning transmission electron microscope, this might include focal series for optical sectioning or aberration measurement, beam damage studies or camera-length series to study the effects of strain; whilst in the scanning tunnelling microscope, this might include bias-voltage series to probe local electronic structure. Whatever the application, such investigations must begin with the careful alignment of these data stacks, an operation that is not always trivial. In addition, the presence of low-frequency scanning distortions can introduce intra-image shifts to the data. Here, we describe an improved automated method of performing non-rigid registration customised for the challenges unique to scanned microscope data specifically addressing the issues of low-SNR data, images containing a large proportion of crystalline material and/or local features of interest such as dislocations or edges. Careful attention has been paid to artefact testing of the non-rigid registration method used, and the importance of this registration for the quantitative interpretation of feature intensities and positions is evaluated.
Antidepressant use in 27 European countries: Associations with sociodemographic, cultural and economic factors
Authors: Lewer Dan , O'Reilly Claire , Mojtabai Ramin , Evans-Lacko Sara 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundPrescribing of antidepressants varies widely between European countries despite no evidence of difference in the prevalence of affective disorders.AimsTo investigate associations between the use of antidepressants, country-level spending on healthcare and country-level attitudes towards mental health problems.MethodWe used Eurobarometer 2010, a large general population survey from 27 European countries, to measure antidepressant use and regularity of use. We then analysed the associations with country-level spending on healthcare and country-level attitudes towards mental health problems.ResultsHigher country spending on healthcare was strongly associated with regular use of antidepressants. Beliefs that mentally ill people are ‘dangerous' were associated with higher use, and beliefs that they ‘never recover’ or ‘have themselves to blame’ were associated with lower and less regular use of antidepressants.ConclusionsContextual factors, such as healthcare spending and public attitudes towards mental illness, may partly explain variations in antidepressant use and regular use of these medications.
Progress of Diabetic Severity and Risk of Dementia
Authors: Chiu Wei-Che , Ho Wen-Chao , Liao Ding-Lieh , Lin Meng-Hung , Chiu Chih-Chiang , Su Yu-Ping , Chen Pau-Chung ,   Health Data Analysis in Taiwan (hDATa) Research Group
Published: July 2015

Context:
Diabetes is a risk factor for dementia, but the effects of diabetic severity on dementia are unclear.

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between the severity and progress of diabetes and the risk of dementia.

Design and Setting:
We conducted a 12-year population-based cohort study of new-onset diabetic patients from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. The diabetic severity was evaluated by the adapted Diabetes Complications Severity Index (aDCSI) from the prediabetic period to the end of follow-up. Cox proportional hazard regressions were used to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) of the scores and change in the aDCSI.

Participants:
Participants were 431,178 new-onset diabetic patients who were older than 50 years and had to receive antidiabetic medications.

Main Outcome:
Dementia cases were identified by International Classification of Diseases, ninth revision, code (International Classification of Diseases, ninth revision, codes 290.0, 290.1, 290.2, 290.3, 290.4, 294.1, 331.0), and the date of the initial dementia diagnosis was used as the index date.

Results:
The scores and change in the aDCSI were associated with the risk of dementia when adjusting for patient factors, comorbidity, antidiabetic drugs, and drug adherence. At the end of the follow-up, the risks for dementia were 1.04, 1.40, 1.54, and 1.70 (P &lt; .001 for trend) in patients with an aDCSI score of 1, 2, 3, and greater than 3, respectively. Compared with the mildly progressive patients, the adjusted HRs increased as the aDCSI increased (2 y HRs: 1.30, 1.53, and 1.97; final HRs: 2.38, 6.95, and 24.0 with the change in the aDCSI score per year: 0.51–1.00, 1.01–2.00, and &gt; 2.00 vs &lt; 0.50 with P &lt; .001 for trend).

Conclusions:
The diabetic severity and progression reflected the risk of dementia, and the early change in the aDCSI could predict the risk of dementia in new-onset diabetic patients.
Hidden-City Ticketing: The Cause and Impact
Authors: Wang Zizhuo , Ye Yinyu 
Published: July 2015

Hidden-city ticketing is an interesting airline ticket-pricing phenomenon. It occurs when an itinerary connecting at an intermediate city is less expensive than a ticket from the origin to the intermediate city. In such a case, passengers traveling to the intermediate city have an incentive to pretend to be traveling to the final destination, deplane at the connection point, and forgo the unused portion of the ticket. Hidden-city opportunities are not uncommon nowadays. In this paper, we establish a mathematical model to shed some light on the cause of hidden-city opportunities and the impact of (the passengers’) hidden-city ticketing practice on both the airlines’ revenues and consumer welfare. To perform our study, we adapt a network revenue management model. We illustrate that the hidden-city opportunity may arise when there is a large difference in the price elasticity of demand on related itineraries, providing a plausible explanation for this phenomenon. To show the impact of the hidden-city ticketing practice on the airlines’ revenues, we first argue that when passengers take advantage of such opportunities, the airlines should react, and the optimal reaction would be to eliminate any hidden-city opportunities. However, even if the airline optimally reacts, the revenue gained is still less than the optimal revenue it could have earned if passengers did not take advantage of hidden-city opportunities. Moreover, under our model, the revenue decrease could be as much as half of the optimal revenue when passengers do not use hidden-city tickets, but it cannot be more if the airline’s network has a hub-and-spoke structure. We also show that when passengers take advantage of hidden-city opportunities, the prices of certain itineraries will rise, which is a disadvantage to the passengers in the long run.
Global village: Globalization through a media ecology lens
Authors: Plugh Michael 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This article explores the expanding body of scholarship on globalization in conjunction with media ecology’s potential to enrich and clarify the concept of globalization. Marshall McLuhan represents a point of contact for media ecology to globalization discourse, especially considering how often globalization scholars cite McLuhan’s notion of the ‘global village’. That village is an environment produced both by technological change and human imagination of this globalized environment. The author proposed several areas of dialogue and overlap, including themes of transformation, intensification of social relations, and culture that link the corpus of globalization discourse to media ecology.
Mannerism and modernity: A pictorial parallel to the print revolution
Authors: Lippert Paul 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Within the intellectual tradition of media ecology, the origins and dynamics of modernity are attributed to the influence of the printing press. But this tradition, however, restricted as it has been largely to the study of written, printed, or at least language-based phenomena of the period, tends to tell a story of the origins of modernity in a relatively Protestant, northern-European context. But what of the Catholic South, where the printed word did not so readily reach the masses, and the image, disseminated via the plastic arts, continued to hold sway? It is in the social history of art that a media ecological perspective finds a parallel narrative of the birth of modernity, set largely in Catholic, southern Europe, but which soon spreads north via the artistic style and cultural sensibility of Mannerism. This article traces parallels between these two narratives in order to better understand this crucial cultural concept.
Teaching media ecology Russian style
Authors: Polski Maria , Gorman Lawrence 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Media ecology is an interdisciplinary humanistic endeavour relying on inspiration and intuition, encouraging discovery learning and training of perception rather than memorization of facts and slovenly adherence to methodologies. However, teaching it often calls for a set of frameworks and methodologies that would provide a structure for students. This article briefly reviews four familiar frameworks developed by the founders of western media ecology (Nystrom’s synthesis of communication models, McLuhan’s tetrad, Postman’s set of seven questions, Ellul’s milieus as expanded by Garrison) and introduces a series of frameworks developed by the founder of the Russian school of the ecology of culture, Yuri Rozhdestvensky. These frameworks address levels of morality, semiosis of societies, communication strata and strata of culture. The article shows how these models can be applied in the classroom to encourage probing, discovery and pattern recognition. Finally the article proposes that inspiration and intuition be joined to a set of discipline specific methodologies.
From centralized to distributed public service media: An analysis of market and public value-driven arguments
Authors: Raats Tim , Donders Karen 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
In recent years, various regulators and advisory bodies have advocated for distributed public service models or at least explored its validity. This article aims to analyse the arguments for stepping away from centralized to distributed PSM systems. It questions whether proposals for distributed offers envisage distributed PSM as a complement or as a replacement of existing PSM organizations, whether motives are based on market failure or public interest objectives, how these underlying motives are transposed into specific policy plans and finally, to what extent they fit within a longer term strengthening of national media ecosystems or mainly serve to realize budget cuts and meet specific demands of private competitors. Findings are based on a literature study and an analysis of Flanders, United Kingdom, New Zealand and the Netherlands, in which debates on distributed PSM are recent or ongoing. The article argues that the efficiency and contestable funding arguments that underpin the advocacy for distributed public service are based on ideological market failure beliefs, similar to the ideological choice for centralized public service media. Debates on distributed models often go hand in hand with a desire to limit public service provision, or, a pragmatic stance of politicians seeking to please more than one player in the media market. An ecosystem logic that truly matches market with public interest objectives might therefore deserve a more fundamental exploration.
Public service broadcasting beyond public service broadcasters
Authors: Flynn Roddy 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Since the 1980s a combination of political and technological change has challenged the assumption that only public service broadcasters can provide public service broadcast content. This article examines a particular set of responses to this challenge: schemes created to fund public service content production available to both private and public service broadcasters through competitive tenders. This article considers how the working definitions of public service content developed for these schemes work to concretize a hitherto elusive concept. It suggests that the definitions may not always reflect ‘common-sense’ understandings of public service content, highlighting the problematic nature of the idea of public service content when considered in isolation from public service institutions. It also suggests that scheme definitions may be shaped by contingent external pressures to legitimate public funding of broadcast content and to respond to pressures to ‘marketize’ the provision of that public content.
Birmingham, Alabama 8; Birmingham, UK 1: Local television in the United Kingdom and an ethnographic case study of one service in the north of England
Authors: Traynor Kerry 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Local television has existed in one form or another for several decades in the United Kingdom with the first licences awarded in 1972 and subsequent waves of licensing over cable and later broadband networks throughout the 1980s and 1990s. In 2011, as the digital switchover drew to a close, the incoming coalition government launched a new framework to establish the United Kingdom’s first digital terrestrial network of local public service broadcasters. Building on decades of campaigning by pro-local media providers, but triggered by a withdrawal from local news and programming by the recently consolidated ITV plc, the then Secretary of State Jeremy Hunt M. P. argued erroneously that local TV markets in the United States were flourishing. At time of writing, 34 licences have been awarded (and the Birmingham licence re-awarded when the first licensee collapsed before launch); seventeen services have begun broadcasting; and several have failed to launch within the regulator’s two-year deadline. This article provides a brief history of local television in the United Kingdom, and describes the current policy, licensing process and early developments within the fledgling industry. It then presents an ethnographic case study of an emergent local TV service in the north of England, including interviews with practitioners, observations and analysis of broadcast content and schedules. The study argues that local TV has the potential to serve as a powerful engine of capital transformation, developing local stocks of economic, social, cultural and political capital, but that this potential is severely limited by inadequate funding regimes and heightened vulnerability to bias.
Māori Television’s service to its publics in an era of digital plenty
Authors: Smith Jo 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This article discusses New Zealand’s Indigenous media organization, Māori Television, and its relationship to a wider history of public service television provision. Māori Television’s emergence is the result of many years of political struggle by Māori to have the New Zealand government recognize its obligations to the revitalization of Māori language and culture as guaranteed by the 1840 Tiriti o Waitangi/Treaty of Waitangi. Māori Television emerged in 2004, with a second channel Te Reo launched on a digital platform in 2008. While charged with the task of helping to revitalize Indigenous language and culture, Māori Television’s original legislation also required that it appeal to a broad audience. Ten years on, many politicians now regard Māori Television as the de facto public broadcaster in a country where commercial imperatives dominate the media ecology. This article examines the implications of understanding Māori Television within a public service television framework in an era of ‘digital plenty’.