bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ferulic acid: a key component in grass lignocellulose recalcitrance to hydrolysis
Authors: de Oliveira Dyoni Matias , Finger‐Teixeira Aline , Rodrigues Mota Thatiane , Salvador Victor Hugo , Moreira‐Vilar Flávia Carolina , Correa Molinari Hugo Bruno , Craig Mitchell Rowan Andrew , Marchiosi Rogério , Ferrarese‐Filho Osvaldo , Dantas dos Santos Wanderley 
Published: November 2014

SummaryIn the near future, grasses must provide most of the biomass for the production of renewable fuels. However, grass cell walls are characterized by a large quantity of hydroxycinnamic acids such as ferulic and p‐coumaric acids, which are thought to reduce the biomass saccharification. Ferulic acid (FA) binds to lignin, polysaccharides and structural proteins of grass cell walls cross‐linking these components. A controlled reduction of FA level or of FA cross‐linkages in plants of industrial interest can improve the production of cellulosic ethanol. Here, we review the biosynthesis and roles of FA in cell wall architecture and in grass biomass recalcitrance to enzyme hydrolysis.
Building Virtual Bridges: How Rural Micro‐Enterprises Develop Social Capital in Online and Face‐to‐Face Settings
Authors: Townsend Leanne , Wallace Claire , Smart Alison , Norman Timothy 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn rural UK, businesses are often isolated and have much to gain from healthy networks, yet studies show that many rural business owners fail to network effectively. Information communications technologies offer new ways to network that might benefit rural businesses by expanding their reach. This study looked at online and face‐to‐face networking behaviour among rural micro‐enterprises in Scotland in relation to the development of bonding and bridging social capital. Given the challenges of remoteness faced by many rural businesses, online networking is particularly useful in developing bridging capital, but is an unsuitable context for building the trust needed to gain tangible benefits. The article therefore highlights the importance of face‐to‐face interactions in developing trust and bonding social capital. Rural business owners face distinctive challenges with respect to online communications, which are explored in this article.
HLA‐F polymorphisms in a Euro‐Brazilian population from Southern Brazil
Authors: Manvailer L. F. S. , Wowk P. F. , Mattar S. B. , da Siva J. S. , da Graça Bicalho M. , Roxo V. M. M. S. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractHLA‐F is a non‐classical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) gene. It codes class Ib MHC molecules with restricted distribution and less nucleotide variations than MHC class Ia genes. Of the 22 alleles registered on the IMGT database only four alleles encode for proteins that differ in their primary structure. To estimate genotype and allele frequencies, this study targeted on known protein coding regions of the HLA‐F gene. Genotyping was performed by Sequence Base Typing (SBT). The sample was composed by 199‐unrelated bone marrow donors from the Brazilian Bone Marrow Donor Registry (REDOME), Euro‐Brazilians, from Southern Brazil. About 1673 bp were analyzed. The most frequent allele was HLA‐F*01:01 (87.19%), followed by HLA‐F*01:03 (12.31%), HLA‐F*01:02 (0.25%) and HLA‐F*01:04 (0.25%). Significant linkage disequilibrium (LD) was verified between HLA‐F and HLA classes I and II alleles. This is the first study regarding HLA‐F polymorphisms in a Euro‐Brazilian population contributing to the Southern Brazilian genetic characterization.
HLA‐DQ2/DQ8 and HLA‐DQB1*02 homozygosity typing by real‐time polymerase chain reaction for the assessment of celiac disease genetic risk: evaluation of a Spanish celiac population
Authors: Ruiz‐Ortiz E. , Montraveta M. , Cabré E. , Herrero‐Mata M. J. , Pujol‐Borrell R. , Palou E. , Faner R. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractCeliac disease (CD) is a complex autoimmune disorder caused by ingestion of gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. Different genetic risk factors have been identified, but virtually all patients are human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐DQ2 and/or HLA‐DQ8 positive. We describe a new, fast, accurate and simple real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based assay for the genotyping and homozygosity analysis of the CD‐related HLA alleles. The assay overcomes the major limitations of protocols currently in use, allowing HLA‐DQ2/DQ8 genotyping by using only three real‐time PCR reactions. For the appraisal of DQ2 homozygosity, only one more reaction is needed. These reactions are easily automated and suitable for large screening studies in diagnostic procedures, as it is demonstrated by their successful application in our HLA diagnostic laboratory. Finally, we assessed the clinical relevance of this real‐time PCR‐based assay by studying a cohort of fully characterized patients. As expected, all CD patients had at least one of the CD‐associated alleles, and the highest CD risk was indicated by the presence of the HLA‐DQ2.5 heterodimer (HLA‐DQA1*05‐DQB1*02) with HLA‐DQB1*02 in homozygosity.
Detection and pharmacokinetics of a cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA plasmid in human plasma during a clinical trial of an intramuscular CMV vaccine in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients
Authors: Salimnia H. , Fairfax M.R. , Chandrasekar P.H. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundCytomegalovirus (CMV) causes significant morbidity and mortality in solid organ and bone marrow transplant recipients. DNA vaccines can provide both humoral and cellular immunity without exposing immune‐compromised persons to replication‐competent CMV.MethodsWe studied the kinetics of CMV vaccine DNA in plasma. The samples were obtained from vaccine recipients who were enrolled in a double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled clinical trial of an intramuscular, plasmid‐based, bivalent DNA vaccine for CMV in stem cell transplant recipients. Residual specimens on patients enrolled in the vaccine trial were saved until the trial was unblinded and published. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect and quantify CMV glycoprotein B (gB) DNA in plasma from 4 recipients of the vaccine. The melting temperature of the vaccine gB amplicon was 62.4°C, compared to 68.8°C, which is seen with the wild‐type virus.ResultsSequence analysis revealed that there were 3 mismatches between the fluorescent resonance energy transfer probe and the vaccine DNA sequence.ConclusionBecause preemptive treatment of CMV disease in stem cell transplant patients is based on quantitative PCR analysis of viral sequences in plasma, it is important that vaccine sequences not be confused with those in wild‐type virus. Confusion could lead to treatment with toxic medications, potentially compromising the transplant. Effects of PCR target choice and amplicon detection techniques on patient management and vaccine trials are discussed.
Absence of SUN1 and SUN2 proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana leads to a delay in meiotic progression and defects in synapsis and recombination
Authors: Varas Javier , Graumann Katja , Osman Kim , Pradillo Mónica , Evans David E. , Santos Juan L. , Armstrong Susan J. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryThe movement of chromosomes during meiosis involves location of their telomeres at the inner surface of the nuclear envelope. Sad1/UNC‐84 (SUN) domain proteins are inner nuclear envelope proteins that are part of complexes linking cytoskeletal elements with the nucleoskeleton, connecting telomeres to the force‐generating mechanism in the cytoplasm. These proteins play a conserved role in chromosome dynamics in eukaryotes. Homologues of SUN domain proteins have been identified in several plant species. In Arabidopsis thaliana, two proteins that interact with each other, named AtSUN1 and AtSUN2, have been identified. Immunolocalization using antibodies against AtSUN1 and AtSUN2 proteins revealed that they were associated with the nuclear envelope during meiotic prophase I. Analysis of the double mutant Atsun1‐1 Atsun2‐2 has revealed severe meiotic defects, namely a delay in the progression of meiosis, absence of full synapsis, the presence of unresolved interlock‐like structures, and a reduction in the mean cell chiasma frequency. We propose that in Arabidopsis thaliana, overlapping functions of SUN1 and SUN2 ensure normal meiotic recombination and synapsis.
Granulocyte collection using a novel apheresis system eases the procedure and provides concentrates of high quality
Authors: Leitner Gerda C. , Kolovratova Vera , Horvath Michaela , Worel Nina 
Published: November 2014

BackgroundThe latest technical innovation for granulocyte (PMN) collections is the fully automated Spectra Optia (Optia) device (TerumoBCT). In a retrospective investigation we evaluated the impact of the technical automation on the product quality in a routine working field.Study Design and MethodsA total of 71 granulocyte collections (GCs) were collected from either routine random blood donors, mobilized with prednisolone (P; two females/23 males; median age, 42 years; range, 25‐63 years), or family donors (three females/12 males; median age, 29 years; range, 21‐59 years) who were mobilized with recombinant human granulocyte–colony‐stimulating factor (rHuG‐CSF) at a dose of 5 μg/kg body weight. All collections were performed with the Optia device. Fifty‐nine concentrates (GTX) produced with the Cobe Spectra (Cobe; TerumoBCT) served as a historical control.ResultsIn total a mean of 452 ± 60 mL with a mean purity of 83 ± 9.6% PMNs was collected with the Optia. Compared with the Cobe collections (298 ± 52 mL), the product volumes in general as well as the absolute PMN yield in P‐mobilized products were significantly higher with the Optia: PMN count, 1.9 × 1010 ± 0.49 × 1010 versus 1.5 × 1010 ± 0.85 × 1010, respectively (p < 0.05), due to higher white blood cell (WBC) yields. rHuG‐CSF–mobilized products showed no significant differences in the absolute WBC (7.2 ± 3.0/Optia vs. 7.0 ± 2.1/Cobe) and PMN (5.9 ± 2.6/Optia vs. 5.7 ± 1.9/Cobe) yield. The PMN purity was equal in both devices (mean, 83%) although it was slightly lower in the rHuG‐CSF group (82 ± 9.2%) than in the P group (84 ± 6.2%). In none of the procedures were side effects recorded.ConclusionGC with the fully automated Optia device is safe for donors, is not inferior to its forerunner Cobe Spectra, produces GTX of a high quality, and requires less manpower than the Cobe Spectra.
Full-Genome Sequence Analysis of a Variant Strain of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus in South Korea
Authors: Lee Sunhee , Park Gun-Seok , Shin Jae-Ho , Lee Changhee 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT
In March of 2014, a variant of novel porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) was first identified in South Korea and found to be most closely related to the U.S. variant strain OH851. The complete genome of the KOR/KNU-1406/2014 strain was sequenced and analyzed to investigate the U.S.-strain-like variant circulating in South Korea.
Draft Genome Sequence of an Obligately Methylotrophic Methanogen, Methanococcoides methylutens, Isolated from Marine Sediment
Authors: Guan Yue , Ngugi David K. , Blom Jochen , Ali Shahjahan , Ferry James G. , Stingl Ulrich 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT

Methanococcoides methylutens
, the type species of the genus
Methanococcoides
, is a slightly halophilic methanogenic archaeon with a methylotrophic metabolism. Here, we present the annotated draft genome sequence of
M. methylutens
, which comprises 2,508,511 bp with 2,482 coding sequences, 51 tRNA genes, and a G+C content of 42.5%.
Complete Genome Sequence of Corynebacterium imitans DSM 44264, Isolated from a Five-Month-Old Boy with Suspected Pharyngeal Diphtheria
Authors: Möllmann Sabrina , Albersmeier Andreas , Rückert Christian , Tauch Andreas 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT

The complete genome sequence of the type strain
Corynebacterium imitans
DSM 44264 comprises 2,565,321 bp with a mean G+C content of 64.26%. The detection of the antibiotic resistance genes
erm
(X),
aphA1-IAB
,
strA
-
strB
, and
cmx
is fully consistent with the previously observed multidrug-resistant pattern of
C. imitans
isolates.
Distinct Functions of Epidermal and Myeloid-Derived VEGF-A in Skin Tumorigenesis Mediated by HPV8
Authors: Ding Xiaolei , Lucas Tina , Marcuzzi Gian P. , Pfister Herbert , Eming Sabine A. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Beta human papillomaviruses (HPV) have been suspected to be carcinogenic in nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSC), but the basis for potential viral contributions to these cancers is poorly understood. In particular, it is unresolved how HPV-infected keratinocytes escape cell-cycle control and whether their cross-talk with immune cells is critical for tumorigenesis. In nonviral preclinical models, the angiogenic cytokine VEGF-A has been identified as a critical regulator of NMSC. In this study, we dissected the contribution of epidermal versus myeloid cell–derived VEGF-A in HPV-mediated skin cancer by interbreeding an HPV8 transgenic mouse model with a conditional disruption of VEGF-A restricted to either epidermal or myeloid cells. Although only epidermal-derived VEGF-A was essential for initiation of skin tumor development, both spontaneously and UV-light triggered, both epidermal and myeloid cell–derived VEGF-A contributed to regeneration-induced tumorigenesis upon HPV8 overexpression, partly not only through a paracrine effect on endothelial cells, but also most probably through an additional autocrine effect on epidermal cells. Our findings offer new mechanistic insights into distinct functions of epidermal versus myeloid cell–derived VEGF-A during HPV-mediated tumorigenesis, with possible implications for preventing this disease. Cancer Res; 75(2); 330–43. ©2014 AACR.
TUBB3/βIII-Tubulin Acts through the PTEN/AKT Signaling Axis to Promote Tumorigenesis and Anoikis Resistance in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: McCarroll Joshua A. , Gan Pei Pei , Erlich Rafael B. , Liu Marjorie , Dwarte Tanya , Sagnella Sharon S. , Akerfeldt Mia C. , Yang Lu , Parker Amelia L. , Chang Melissa H. , Shum Michael S. , Byrne Frances L. , Kavallaris Maria 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
βIII-tubulin (encoded by TUBB3) expression is associated with therapeutic resistance and aggressive disease in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but the basis for its pathogenic influence is not understood. Functional and differential proteomics revealed that βIII-tubulin regulates expression of proteins associated with malignant growth and metastases. In particular, the adhesion-associated tumor suppressor maspin was differentially regulated by βIII-tubulin. Functionally, βIII-tubulin suppression altered cell morphology, reduced tumor spheroid outgrowth, and increased sensitivity to anoikis. Mechanistically, the PTEN/AKT signaling axis was defined as a critical pathway regulated by βIII-tubulin in NSCLC cells. βIII-Tubulin blockage in vivo reduced tumor incidence and growth. Overall, our findings revealed how βIII-tubulin influences tumor growth in NSCLC, defining new biologic functions and mechanism of action of βIII-tubulin in tumorigenesis. Cancer Res; 75(2); 415–25. ©2014 AACR.
A novel role for the fibrinogen Asn-Gly-Arg (NGR) motif in platelet function
Authors: Moriarty Róisín , McManus Ciara A. , Lambert Matthew , Tilley Thea , Devocelle Marc , Brennan Marian , Kerrigan Steven W. , Cox Dermot 
Published: November 2014

SummaryThe integrin αIIbβ3 on resting platelets can bind to immobilised fibrinogen resulting in platelet spreading and activation but requires activation to bind to soluble fibrinogen. αIIbβ3 is known to interact with the general integrin-recognition motif RGD (arginine–glycine–aspartate) as well as the fibrinogen-specific γ-chain dodecapeptide; however, it is not known how fibrinogen binding triggers platelet activation. NGR (asparagine–glycine–arginine) is another integrin-recognition sequence present in fibrinogen and this study aims to determine if it plays a role in the interaction between fibrinogen and αIIbβ3. NGR-containing peptides inhibited resting platelet adhesion to fibrinogen with an IC50 of 175 μM but failed to inhibit the adhesion of activated platelets to fibrinogen (IC50 > 500 μM). Resting platelet adhesion to mutant fibrinogens lacking the NGR sequences was reduced compared to normal fibrinogen under both static and shear conditions (200 s-1). However, pre-activated platelets were able to fully spread on all types of fibrinogen. Thus, the NGR motif in fibrinogen is the site that is primarily responsible for the interaction with resting αIIbβ3 and is responsible for triggering platelet activation.
The Spy (K.G.B. General Alexander Orlov), the Dupe (Bertram D. Wolfe), and the Documents (The Stalin Resolutions)
Authors: McDowell Jennifer , Loventhal Milton 
Published: November 2014

Two-hundred and forty-two consecutive, Soviet Politburo resolutions on foreign policy covering 1934–1936, some built on reports by Stalin with his actual words, and 34 pieces of 1934 espionage correspondence that traveled between the Moscow Foreign Office and its branch in the Soviet Embassy in Vienna, were purchased clandestinely by German intelligence, at the time, and as they were written. A German Sovietologist named Dr. Georg Leibbrandt authenticated them right at the time. Adolf Hitler read them. They influenced his decision to attack the Soviet Union in 1941. Captured by the U.S. Army in Germany (OMGUS) at the close of World War II, they were brought to the United States, to the National Archives and Hoover Institution. Milton Loventhal and Jennifer McDowell translated and authenticated them, using both sets of copies. The story of their authentication sheds light on the 1960–1961 machinations of one of Stalin’s foremost secret agents, master spy K.G.B. General Alexander Orlov, who fled to the United States in 1938 to escape Stalin’s terror. But this “loyal Soviet dropout” (Stanley G. Payne’s term) was in reality a cloaked agent who had never renounced his loyalty to the Soviet state. Asked by Bertram D. Wolfe to comment on the resolutions’ authenticity, Orlov informed Milton Loventhal and Wolfe that these documents were forgeries, using arguments that were proven worthless in their entirety. Untangling the web of deception Orlov wove around these detailed, complex documents is the focus of this article, shining a bright light on the power a mesmerizing secret agent can have when the rules of research are abandoned by influential experts.
Le Liban et les retombées économiques des révoltes arabes
Authors: Corm George 
Published: November 2014

The article focuses on the impact on the Lebanese economy of the major political and military events that have affected the country since the 1943 independence. In particular the article discusses the consequences of the Arab Uprisings and comparatively analyzes them within the context of previous external and domestic crises affecting Lebanon. The study shows how and to which extent, the Lebanese economy often took advantage from the crisis of its neighbors but, at the same time, how those crises had some long-term destabilizing effects on the country, especially between 1975 and 1990.The external interferences on the current Syrian crisis and its disruptive consequences on the Lebanese political and economic system are also considered.
On the Generation of Bottom-Trapped Internal Tides
Authors: Falahat Saeed , Nycander Jonas 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe interaction of the barotropic tide with bottom topography when the tidal frequency ω is smaller than the Coriolis frequency f is examined. The resulting waves are called bottom-trapped internal tides. The energy density associated with these waves is computed using linear wave theory and vertical normal-mode decomposition in an ocean of finite depth. The global calculation of the modal energy density is performed for the semidiurnal M2 tidal constituent and the two major diurnal tidal constituents K1 and O1. An observationally based decay time scale of 3 days is then used to transform the energy density to energy flux in units of watts per square meter. The globally integrated energy fluxes are found to be 1.99 and 1.43 GW for the K1 and O1 tidal constituents, respectively. For the M2 tidal constituent, it is found to be 1.15 GW. The Pacific Ocean is found to be the most energetic basin for the bottom-trapped diurnal tides. Two regional estimates of the bottom-trapped energy flux are given for the Kuril Islands and the Arctic Ocean, in which the bottom-trapped waves play a role for the tidally induced vertical mixing. The results of this study can be incorporated into ocean general circulation models and coupled climate models to improve the parameterization of the vertical mixing induced by breaking of the internal tides.
An Examination of Wind Decay, Sustained Wind Speed Forecasts, and Gust Factors for Recent Tropical Cyclones in the Mid-Atlantic Region of the United States
Authors: Tyner Bryce , Aiyyer Anantha , Blaes Jonathan , Hawkins Donald Reid 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
In this study, several analyses were conducted that were aimed at improving sustained wind speed and gust forecasts for tropical cyclones (TCs) affecting coastal regions. An objective wind speed forecast analysis of recent TCs affecting the mid-Atlantic region was first conducted to set a benchmark for improvement. Forecasts from the National Digital Forecast Database were compared to observations and surface wind analyses in the region. The analysis suggests a general overprediction of sustained wind speeds, especially for areas affected by the strongest winds. Currently, National Weather Service Weather Forecast Offices use a software tool known as the Tropical Cyclone Forecast/Advisory (TCM) wind tool (TCMWindTool) to develop their wind forecast grids. The tool assumes linear decay in the sustained wind speeds when interpolating the National Hurricane Center 12–24-hourly TCM product to hourly grids. An analysis of postlandfall wind decay for recent TCs was conducted to evaluate this assumption. Results indicate that large errors in the forecasted wind speeds can emerge, especially for stronger storms. Finally, an analysis of gust factors for recent TCs affecting the region was conducted. Gust factors associated with weak sustained wind speeds are shown to be highly variable but average around 1.5. The gust factors decrease to values around 1.2 for wind speeds above 40 knots (kt; 1 kt = 0.51 m s−1) and are in general insensitive to the wind direction, suggesting local rather than upstream surface roughness largely dictates the gust factor at a given location. Forecasters are encouraged to increase land reduction factors used in the TCMWindTool and to modify gust factors to account for factors including the sustained wind speed and local surface roughness.