bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3.2.1 An Enterprise Architecture Framework for Developing Command and Control Systems
Authors: Yeoh Lean‐Weng , Syn Hon‐Beng , Lam Choon‐Vu 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn recent years, the way in which military operations are being conducted has changed dramatically. This has largely been driven by advancements in technology that now allow faster communications, better situation assessment and more effective decision‐making. Military forces are now striving to realise the next stage of transformation by harnessing new technology to create a network‐centric enterprise that takes advantage of pervasive knowledge in order to achieve greater war‐fighting capability. Integrated Knowledge‐Based Command and Control (IKC2) is an integrated, network‐enabled and knowledge‐based approach to warfare that bears similarities to the intelligent enterprise. It is a force multiplier that will enable military forces to achieve their desired mission objectives. However, there are many challenges to the successful development of IKC2 systems.The traditional approach to developing command and control systems is inadequate because it typically views systems in a stovepipe fashion with minimal interactions with other systems. An Enterprise Architectural Framework for developing command and control systems is necessary to address these shortcomings. This Framework includes a governance process to ensure that systems developed by the various parties, including government and industry, are able to interoperate and to leverage technologies both developed and commercial‐off‐the‐shelf.
3.2.3 Divergence: The Impact of Lifecycle Changes on Commonality
Authors: Boas Ryan , Crawley Edward 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSharing common parts, processes, interfaces and infrastructure offers the potential to increase the overall efficiency and effectiveness of an enterprise through reductions in costs, lead times and risks associated with the development of product/system families. While the benefits of commonality have attracted much interest across industry, the government and academia, the current practice and research fail to account for a significant challenge associated with commonality: the natural reduction of commonality over time, a phenomenon termed “divergence.” Divergence occurs due to requirements changes; learning in development and operations; the availability of new technologies; obsolescence; program timing; and for reasons associated with corporate culture. The impact of divergence is an overestimation of the benefits of commonality: planned benefits aren't realized through the course of development while the penalties of pursuing commonality (cost, time, risk, performance) are incurred. The TFX (F‐111) fighter aircraft program of the 1960's is provided as a historical example of divergence and its impacts. Accounting for divergence will improve multi‐system program planning and execution.
3.4.3 The Value‐Based Theory of Systems Engineering: Identifying and Explaining Dependencies
Authors: Boehm Barry , Jain Apurva 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe Value‐Based Theory of Systems Engineering brings together many interdisciplinary theoretical lenses into a state of synchrony and allows reasoning about systems in different dimensions, and at various levels of abstraction. The theory's primary strength is in its ability to identify and work through the dependencies of most socio‐political‐technical systems and explain success in such contexts by situating the success‐critical stakeholders at the forefront. In this paper we present the 4+1 theoretical lenses of the Value‐Based Theory of Systems Engineering with a core emphasis on the Dependency Theory – the first and most complex of the four component theories.
4.3.0 Panel 4.3.0: Discovering a Strategy for Whole Systems Modeling
Authors: Ring J. , Bahill T. , Blackmon T. , Cloutier R. , Clymer J. , Hodgson R. , Jacoby C. , Krane S. , Lloyd K. , Newman R. A. , Orr J. , Rose C. , Skipper J. , Sorenson R. , Steiner R. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractPractitioners actively involved in modeling systems today generally agree that our profession does not construct a unified model of a median system let alone an adequate, accurate and timely model of the larger, more complex systems, especially those in which humans are active elements. Ironically, knowledge about and technologies for modeling are progressing faster than their rate of adoption. This emerging gap indicates a lack of strategy and perhaps willpower. This panel/experiential workshop is intended to discover a strategy that is equal to the challenges ahead. This means a strategy that not only ensures languages, methods, tools competencies and standards of care but also one that motivates systems practitioners to be accountable for results.
4.5.2 Knowledge Management A Key Element of Success
Authors: Long Leon P. , Dagli Cihan H. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractKnowledge Management is a complex and elusive goal that is becoming more and more important to organizational success. Modeling Knowledge Management in today's organizational environment requires the consideration of not only integrated domains of various knowledge agents but also the realization that in order to construct knowledge (and ultimately intelligence) you must consider the aspect of time variance, data/information value, and knowledge recognition and placement. An individual can not stand fixed in the present and expect the data and information collected in the past to represent the same knowledge when projected into the present. Knowledge (and Knowledge Value) is relative to the position on the historical time line at which it was initially established. The act of collecting data and information is insufficient for knowledge generation. If you apply a time‐knowledge model relationship then the value of knowledge will have a different increasing value all along the timeline, thus helping to ensure that today's knowledge is more capable of meeting the needs of the present as well as establishing a stronger foundation for the future.As products increase in complexity and manufacturing is distributed among a multitude of stakeholders, the knowledge of how to maneuver through the maze of system integration and product life cycle dynamics while maintaining a margin of profitability have significant commercial advantages.The need for successful Knowledge Management is essential to maintaining a competitive edge in the business environment. Understanding the relationships between data, knowledge and the intra‐related processes which represent the collective knowledge for success can be complex. In the paragraphs that follow, the reader is encouraged to follow the knowledge model that relates the elements of organizational knowledge management as it models data & knowledge, and processes to establish a set of solutions from which one optimum solution emerges to satisfy the initial goal or Program.
4.6.1 Applying Creativity in Modelling and Simulation
Authors: Cropley David H 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis paper examines the application of concepts and principles of creativity to the domain of modelling and simulation. The paper will start by examining the background to modern views of creativity in technological enterprises. This culminates with a functional model of creativity that focuses not only on characteristics such as novelty, but also on the pre‐requisite characteristic of relevance and effectiveness. This means that for a product or system, or indeed a model or simulation, to be regarded as creative, it must not only be original and novel, but must, as a pre‐requisite, do what it has been designed to do. For this reason, issues such as fidelity, and other quality metrics applied to models, will be relevant. The paper then examines reasons for endeavouring to build creativity into modelling and simulation. The paper will study potential benefits and penalties associated with creativity in this domain, and will offer suggestions about the appropriateness, or otherwise, of attempting to build novelty into the process of modelling and simulation.
5.1.2 Integrating the Intelligent Enterprise
Authors: Dixon Keith , Brown Samantha , Keirl John 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe need for enterprise intelligence continues to grow in response to increasingly complex and dynamic organizational environments. However, an intelligent enterprise is comprised of more than a collection of intelligent resources. Like an effective team the whole is made greater than the parts by the manner in which they integrate. Enterprise intelligence enables an organization to both fully exploit existing opportunities whilst remaining capable and ready to respond to future change. In this paper we focus on the contribution made to this dynamic stability by the systemic integration of resources. Using a multi‐level systems model we develop a framework, drawing on the concept of intellectual capital, to examine data from a case study of a UK government funded research organization. The findings provide an important insight into the interplay between the social and structural aspects of the linkages that integrate resources and the implications this has for creating enterprise intelligence.
5.2.0 Panel 5.2.0: Tailoring to Transit: Case Studies Applying SE to the Rail/Transit Domain
Authors: O'Neil A. , Gharatya K. , Hutchison B. , Kouassi A. , Price D. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWhen an industry with 100‐year history of silo‐based operational domains introduces widespread technological advancements, generating exponential numbers of new interfaces that cross organizational boundaries – how does it respond to this new risk? For the rail/transit industry, the answer has been to adopt a systems engineering approach to manage the risk!Tailoring an SE approach for application to a new commercial domain has had its challenges. These case studies contrast and compare applications of SE across rail/transit projects to evaluate risk reduction and other benefits realized. Explore results across projects differing in scale, goals and asset type as well as in SE management strategies applied. Can the transit industry reach consensus and establish common systems engineering best practices, process and approaches? What tactics are being employed to facilitate shift in the cultural mindset to manage new interfaces and integration demands?
6.1.1 Principles of Complex Systems for Systems Engineering
Authors: Sheard Sarah A. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis paper shows how three systems of types well‐known to systems engineers can be understood as complex systems. This is important because research in complex systems sciences is vibrant and provides critical insight, but if systems engineers do not understand the complex aspects of the systems they work with daily, they may not be able to use these research results. To date, systems engineering has been looking only at exploiting the “order” side of the order‐to‐chaos spectrum, and it is time now to understand and begin to utilize principles from the middle and from the chaos side of the spectrum.The three examples are INCOSE, the systems engineering process (such as a company's standard process), and air traffic control. INCOSE represents most volunteer organizations and social groups. Most systems engineers do not realize that the systems engineering process for a company is a network that can be studied by complex systems methods. Air traffic control may come closest to many systems engineers' definition of a system.This paper provides principles of complex systems based on a variety of sources, and shows the application of complex systems to one of the examples.
6.4.3 Architecture Frameworks in System Design: Motivation, Theory, and Implementation
Authors: Richards Matthew G. , Shah Nirav B. , Hastings Daniel E. , Rhodes Donna H. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis research examines the underlying rationale of architecture frameworks and their use in acquisition with the goal of identifying best practices to improve system development. Three key questions are addressed: (1) What is the role of artifacts in system design? (2) What are the benefits provided by architecture frameworks? And (3) what are the best measures‐of‐effectiveness for assessing the value of architecture frameworks? To address the first question, we review relevant literature on collaborative design and propose a rationale for using artifacts as communicative and illustrative tools. Second, we enumerate the motivations for their use in system design and acquisition. Third, eight measures‐of‐effectiveness of architecture frameworks are derived from the literature and our experience with the Department of Defense Architecture Framework.
7.1.1 NO VEHICLES ON THE MALL!
Authors: Pringle Charles O. , Carson Ronald S. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSystems Engineering methods are applied to address symptomatic problems associated with pedestrian‐vehicle interactions on a university campus. Through discovery techniques a more accurate picture of the true problem is obtained. Using system modeling, potential consequences associated with proposed solutions are identified. An optimized solution was identified which maximized benefits without incurring unacceptable costs. This application of Systems Engineering shows the value of problem definition and analysis prior to solution implementation in the domain of public policy.
7.1.3 The story of Verdal – how one intelligent community uses systems engineering to enable sustainable development
Authors: Haskins Cecilia 
Published: November 2014

AbstractVerdal is a small community in mid‐northern Norway, with a culturally significant historical tradition dating back to 1030. The town has reinvented itself to keep abreast of changing times; moving from an agriculturally based economy to an industrial region. The changes have been mostly evolutionary and unscripted until 1999 when a downturn in the business of the largest employer threatened the welfare of the entire community. Today, Verdal is one of the most stable and admired communities in Norway. To remain that way, they are embarking on a new initiative using systems engineering to ensure sustainable growth. This is their story.This paper provides a case history of how systems engineering is being applied to a non‐traditional application domain ‐ sustainable development ‐ in the context of an “intelligent community” in Norway. The case is allegorical and has relevance for practitioners in city planning and manufacturing.
8.1.2 Human Factors Integration for MODAF: Needs and Solution Approaches
Authors: Bruseberg Anne , Lintern Gavan 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe design of complex, large‐scale, socio‐technical systems such as Network‐Enabled Capability (NEC) requires collaboration of diverse disciplines since it needs to embrace all areas of systems design. One approach to dealing with such complexity is the use of Architectural Frameworks such as MODAF. There is a concern however, as to the extent to which MODAF is able to address Human Factors Integration (HFI) issues that should be applied as an integral part of socio‐technical system design. Equally, the discipline of HFI may not sufficiently consider concerns from the Systems Engineering domain. This paper provides an assessment of the adequacy of MODAF in addressing HFI design issues and summarizes recommendations and initial solution approaches.
8.4.2 Exploring Concurrent Activities: Using State Machines to Understand Net‐Enabled Operations
Authors: Sorensen Richard , Funk Ronald , Ball Mark 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC) Centre for Operational Research and Analysis (CORA) is developing capability engineering analysis tools to help build and assess architectures to support net‐enabled operations. This paper describes research into State‐Machine (SM) models to simulate job workflows that are typically done serially using the Task, Process, Exploit and Disseminate (TPED) cycle or concurrently using the Task, Post, Process, Use (TPPU) cycle.Classical behavioural models cannot simulate TPPU beyond simple cases due to all the possible permutations in the job flow. SM models overcome this by storing the status of activities and products and then using them in the next time step as inputs to change the status through an action or an output. The SM approach shifts the modeling perspective to an instant in time so the interrelationships of concurrent activity can be simulated in more detail than is feasible for classical architecture models. Sample results and analysis tools for the current SM model are presented.
9.1.1 Human Functional Analysis of Lean Staffing: Extensions to the Department of Defense Architecture Framework (DoDAF)
Authors: Lintern Gavan , Bruseberg Anne 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe address the problem of lean staffing with a review of the Department of Defense Architecture Framework and conclude that the human system aspects of the relevant Organizational and Systems Views need to be informed by special analytic methods from Cognitive Systems Engineering. We describe a systematic framework for Human Views in a companion paper. In this paper, we illustrate how selected knowledge acquisition methods of cognitive engineering can be used to generate supplemental information for the Human Views needed to resolve the issue of lean staffing.
9.2.1 Optimized Airport Security Infrastructure System (OASIS)
Authors: Castaneda Elizabeth , Gonzalez Jamie , Harris Shannon , Kim Joon 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIt has been suggested that the current security measures being implemented in airports around the country produce “soft targets” in the form of lengthy queues. These soft targets heighten the risk of a terrorist attack within airport premises that could potentially have the same impact as destroying a commercial flight. Using Washington Dulles International Airport as a case study, this study examines the security measures being implemented in the airport and designs a methodology that will result in improved allocation and usage of security resources. Two alternatives are designed that make use of layered, defense‐in‐depth security measures that aim to deter terrorist attacks by using the concept of unpredictability. Models of these alternatives are built and the best alternative is selected by analyzing simulation outputs and evaluating them based on a value function. At the end of the study, an Optimized Airport Security Infrastructure System (OASIS) that will provide a more efficient and reliable method for screening passengers and their luggage is proposed.
10.3.0 Panel 10.3.0: Modeling the Enterprise: Case Studies and Approaches
Authors: Griego R. M. , Dove R. , Krane S. , Lloyd K. , Martin J. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractTopics: Eliciting and capturing the enterprise understanding Methods and Tools for Representing the Enterprise Case Study Examples and ResultsDescription:This panel will present work that has been done modeling actual enterprises. They will discuss the approach taken to elicit, capture, and model an enterprise. The discussion will include rationale, lessons learned, tools, and techniques that helped them build a successful model. Results of their modeling will be presented including how the enterprise derived value from the model as well as the exercise of modeling the enterprise.
1.3.2 Using Performance‐Based Earned Value® for Measuring Systems Engineering Effectiveness
Authors: Carson Ronald S. , Zlicaric Bojan 
Published: November 2014

AbstractPerformance‐Based Earned Value®1 concepts have been applied to the development of a systems engineering metrics architecture to measure systems engineering effectiveness. Metrics for desirable program outcomes of cost, schedule, and technical quality are identified and also decomposed into their contributors. Focusing on SE work products provides a basis for ensuring that the closed‐loop operation of the SE management function provides measurements of the work products, not just the processes. Specific examples of requirements quality and compliance metrics and data are provided.
1.4.1 Mixed‐Occupancy Vertical Urban Farm Systems
Authors: Nguyen Phuoc‐Hai , Weiss Stanley 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA mixed‐use vertical farm is a high‐rise structure that is a combination of residences and agricultural subsystems situated near or within urban centers and serving as a localized food production facility. Plants of different varieties are grown year‐round in high density hydroponics/aeroponics modules. Vertical urban farming takes advantage of the ability to control the weather and lighting environments to maximize plants growth, yield, and quality. A systems approach is needed to understand and simplify the complex system considering whole life‐cycle costs, design, construction, operation, and infrastructure integration for environmental management and residences. Overall, the mixed‐use vertical farm is conceived as a high‐tech solution for countries or cities that have shortages in water, extremely limited arable space, and the need for competitively‐priced farm products. Singapore, a nation incorporating many of these factors, is an example of an excellent candidate for such a system.
1.4.2 Planet Systems Engineering Use = Reuse
Authors: van ‘t Hek Irma 
Published: November 2014

AbstractPlanet Systems Engineering (Planet SE) aims for 100% compensation and reusability of all products to meet the requirement of a balanced planet under the continuing growth of human need. To close the reusability loop in biosphere and technosphere, cooperation is needed between producer and consumer. To be succesful, this cooperation should become attractive both to producer and consumer. If sustainability values are experienced as a threat to an organization, these values will be blocked. Therefore Planet SE consultants should support organizations and government in their mission for 100% compensation and reusability. Planet SE: Use = Reuse for a sustainable planet.
2.4.2 Principled systems engineering for the planet
Authors: Haskins Cecilia 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe discipline of systems engineering continues to mature, but no systems engineer has ever been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. In their subtle way the Nobel committee have been encouraging economists, politicians and others to put more attention to the global socio‐technical challenges that face the planet today. This paper will explore the essence of the systems engineering framework and suggest ways in which systems engineering practitioners, researchers and educators can rise to meet these challenges.
3.2.1 Issues with Third Party Maintenance of Software Intensive Legacy Systems: A Case Study – Avionic Mission Systems
Authors: Kennedy Damian , Nesterov Sergey 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe software maintenance burden in military and industrial applications is well known. A variety of factors influence the evolution of large legacy systems, and system upgrades have always been a challenge in terms of avoiding schedule and cost overruns. This evolution becomes even more of a challenge when it is implemented by an organisation other than the original developers. When maintaining complex legacy systems, third party maintenance organisations are placed under additional constraints. Some of these additional constraints come from the decisions made by the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) on the development processes they use and the Computer Aided Software Engineering (CASE) tools that were used to aid in the system development. This paper will describe and analyse a particular case where this occurred with the maintenance of the AP‐3C Orion fleet for the Australia Defence Force by Tenix Aerospace and Defence.