bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Airborne Lead Pollution and Its Association with Children's Urinary Lead Levels
Authors: Alhesnawi Asaad Sh. M. , Muhammad Hassoun Batool , Jabbar Madi Safaa , Haider Jawad Lubab 
Published: August 2024

Despite the measures taken by most countries, lead pollution still poses an environmental and health risk to humans, especially children. Therefore, the current study aims to evaluate lead in the air and its impact on children's health. Lead samples from the air and children's urine were collected from three different areas within Kerbala Governorate: the urban city center residential areas, and rural areas as a reference area for comparison. A suspended dust collector was used to collect lead samples, and then the lead concentration was measured using an atomic spectrometer after digesting them with acids. The results of the study showed that the highest concentration of lead was in the center of the urban area (3.150 ?g/m3) and its mean concentration in the air was 1.703 (?g/m3), which is higher than the US Environmental Protection Agency limits, with statistically significant differences between the study areas p < 0.01. The mean concentration of lead in children's urine was 0.622 (?g/dL) with statistically significant differences between the areas p < 0.01. Pearson's correlation coefficient indicated a significant positive correlation between the concentration of lead in the air and children's urine (r = 0.651; p < 0.05). This means that high lead concentrations in children's urine are due to lead air pollution and are an indicator of lead pollution in the environment and warn of potential risks to children's health. Therefore, the study recommends reducing lead emission sources and conducting periodic examinations.
KOMPETENSI PEDAGOGIK DAN BUDAYA KERJA SERTA PENGARUHNYATERHADAP KINERJA GURU
Authors: Minarsih Sri , Dekawati Ipong 
Published: August 2024

Pendidikan yang bagus merupakan pilar utama untuk mengembangkan potensi peserta didik. Pendidikan merupakan investasi modal insani untuk melanjutkan pembangunan pada masa hadapan. Guru memegang posisi dan peranan penting dalam mewujudkan pendidikan yang berkualitas. Oleh karenanya, kinerja guru menjadi fokus yang harus dikembangkan. Banyak aspek yang mempengaruhi kinerja guru, diantaranya kompetensi pedagogik dan budaya kerja. Dalam penelitian ini ingin mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh kompetensi pedagogik dan budaya kerja terhadap kinerja guru baik parsial maupun ganda. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dan verifikatif, dengan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan angket skala Likert, terhadap 42 orang guru. Pengolahan hasil penelitian menggunakan teknik analisis regresi. Uji signifikansi menggunakan uji-F. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan kompetensi pedagogik terhadap kinerja guru. (2) Terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan budaya kerja terhadap kinerja guru. (3) Terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan kompetensi pedagogik dan budaya kerja secara simultan terhadap kinerja guru. Beranjak dari kondisi tersebut, penulis menyarankan: (a) Aspek yang perlu lebih diperhatikan adalah pertama perencanaan harus dapat mengejawantahkan silabus yang merupakan turunan dari kurikulum. Kedua, dalam merencanakan pembelajaran perlu mengantisipasi permasalahan yang mungkin muncul di kemudian hari. Oleh karenanya aspek-aspek yang kemungkinan muncul perlu diinventarisir agar disiapkan perangkatnya pada perencanaan. (b) Nilai yang paling rendah diberikan dari responden pada dimensi kerjasama. Oleh karena itu beranjak dari kondisi tersebut penulis menghimbau agar kepala sekolah (pimpinan TKQ) sebaiknya lebih intens untuk mendorong dan mengondisikan agar semua guru dapat lebih giat bekerjasama saling membantu dalam melaksanakan tugasnya terutama dalam melaksanakan program kegiatan.
Physiological Adaptation to Altitude: A Comparison of Fast and Slow Ascents to 5,300 m Above Sea Level
Authors: Kelly Clive , Saxena Shireen , Tran Will , Wormauld George , Muza Rhu , Lock Annabel , Viveiros Carla , Touru Sami , Chen Eric , Amato Dominic , Lee Callina , Bhattarai Shankar , Simkhada Raj , Simeone Julian , Parsisson Charlotte , Kelly Kieran 
Published: August 2024

INTRODUCTION: Rapid ascent to altitudes of over 5,000m above sea level are associated with dramatic changes in adaptive physiology. The effects of a gradual ascent on symptoms, oximetry and heart rate are described, and compared with the effects of a rapid ascent to the same altitude by a comparable cohort.

METHODS: A group of 13 (6 females) representing 10 countries from 5 continents, ascended gradually from Lukla (2,300m) to Everest Base Camp (5,300m) in Nepal over an 8-day period, then descended over a further 4 days. All symptoms and medication were recorded, along with pulse oximetry and heart rate (HR) every 500m of ascent. The results were then compared with those obtained at equivalent altitudes using similar methodology from a fast ascent of Mount Kilimanjaro to an equivalent altitude by a comparable cohort over 4 days.

RESULTS: The gradual ascent group had a median age of 33 years (range 25-66), and all successfully completed the trek. No severe headache, vomiting, orthopnoea nor productive cough occurred, although minor nausea and mild headache was common. Baseline oximetry fell from a median of 96% (93-97%) to a median of 78% (53-86%) at 8 days but recovered to 94% (89-99%) inside 4 days. Corresponding HR rose from a baseline median of 72bpm {m/57-85/} to a median of 103bpm {m/78-115/} at 8 days, then recovered to 80bpm [1][2] after 4 days. Neither age nor gender correlated with outcomes. Individually, HR correlated inversely with oximetry, but there was no group correlation between these two variables. By contrast, a more rapid 4-day ascent from the same starting height, with similar baseline values for HR and oximetry, to the same final altitude was associated with more severe headache, breathlessness, and vomiting. The fast ascent was associated with a significantly more marked reduction in oximetry to a median of 71% [3][4][1][2] and an increase in HR to a median of 110bpm {m/88-140/}. The fast ascent group also required significantly more medication and rated their experience as less enjoyable.

DISCUSSION: Oxygen desaturation and tachycardia are inevitable consequences of ascending above 5,000m but the degree to which this occurs can be reduced by slowing ascent times and taking rest days every 1,000m of ascent. This practice is associated with fewer symptoms and greater safety, with less need for either prophylactic or therapeutic medication. Careful consideration should be given to rates of ascent when climbing to altitudes at or above 5,000m.
Behavior Intention Pulmonary Specialist Patients Based on Analysis Types of Brand Association
Authors: Puryanti  , Frida Drastyana Serlly , Prasetyorini Anif , Djunawan Achmad 
Published: August 2024

Abstrak
Mutu pelayanan merupakan fokus rumah sakit dalam menghadapi globalisasi serta persaingan. Kunjungan adalah salah satu indikator mutu pelayanan rawat jalan. Types of brand association merupakan dimensi brand image yang digunakan menilai mutu produk. Penilaian types of brand association yang baik akan mempengaruhi Behaviour intention konsumen untuk pemanfaatan ulang pelayanan rumah sakit. Kunjungan poli spesialis paru di Rumah Sakit Islam Sakinah Mojokerto mengalami penuruan sebesar 16%. Penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pengaruh types of brand association terhadap Behaviour intention.Ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif-analitik dengan desain cross-sectional study. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 72 sampel, dengan teknik simple random sampling. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagian besar berjenis kelamin perempuan, berada pada kategori usia > 46 tahun, dengan tingkat pendidikan menengah. Types of brand association meliputi attribute product, attribute nonproduct, dan benefit sudah baik. Behaviour intention pasien sudah baik. Attribute product dan attribute nonproduct berpengaruh terhadap Behaviour intention. Benefit tidak berpengaruh terhadap Behaviour intention. Types of brand association yang baik menjadi salah satu cara rumah sakit untuk meningkatkan Behaviour intention dalam memanfaatkan pelayanan rumah sakit agar kunjungan pasien meningkat. Secara keseluruhan types of brand association memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap Behaviour intention.
Kata kunci: types of brand association, behaviour intention

Abstract
Service quality is the focus of hospitals in the face of globalization and competition. Visits are one indicator of the quality of outpatient services. Good types of brand associations can affect consumer Behaviour intention towards hospital services. Patient visits to the pulmonary specialist clinic at the Sakinah Mojokerto Islamic Hospital have decreased by 16%. This study aimed to analyze the effect of types of brand association on Behaviour intention. This research is descriptive-analytic research with a cross-sectional study design. The research sample amounted to 72 samples, with a simple random sampling technique. The research data were analyzed with multiple linear regression tests. The results showed that the respondents were mostly female, in the age category >46 years, with a secondary education level. Types of brand association include attribute product, attribute nonproduct, and benefit are good. The patient's Behaviour intention is good. Attribute products and attribute nonproducts influence Behaviour intention. Benefits do not influence Behaviour intention. Types of good brand association are one way for hospitals to increase Behaviour intention in reusing hospital services to increase patient visits. Overall Types of brand association have a significant influence on Behaviour intention.
Keywords: types of brand association, behaviour intention
تأثير جهد بدني لاكتيـكي في بعض مؤشرات الكبد الوظيفية ولاكتات الدم للاعبي كرة السلة
Authors: Lec. Walid Kamel Rushoudi  
Published: August 2024

ان دراسة التأثيرات الفسيولوجية التي تطرأ على جسم الرياضي اثناء اداء المجهود البدني من اهم الامور التي يجب دراستها والتي اهتم بها الكثير من الباحثين والعاملين في المجال الرياضي وخاصة المجال الفسيولوجي الرياضي , ومن خلال ذلك يمكن التعرف على تأثير الجهد البدني على اجهزة الجسم المختلفة من تغيرات وظيفية اثناء الاداء البدني وما يحدث من ردود افعال لأجهزة الجسم المختلفة نتيجة لأداء الجهد البدني ومن خلال معرفة هذه الردود يمكن للعامل في الميدان الرياضي امكانية تحسين الاداء على ضوء النتائج المختبرية والميدانية وامكانية تحسين الاداء على ضوء هذه النتائج .
وبسبب ما يتميز به الاداء بلعبة كرة السلة من سرعة الاداء والتحرك السريع وتنوع المهارات وظروف اللعب الضاغطة تزداد اهمية دراسة التغيرات والاستجابات التي تحدث داخل الجسم جراء سلسلة من التفاعلات الكيميائية المختلفة خلال بذل الجهد البدني ، ومن اهم المتغيرات الفسيولوجية المرتبطة بالأداء البدني هي (مؤشرات الكبد الوظيفية) بسبب الدور الذي يقوم به والسيطرة على الكثير من العمليات الحيوية فهو بمثابة معمل كيميائي له القدرة على توفير الظروف الملائمة لقيام جميع انسجة الجسم بوظائفها الضرورية وهذا ما يقدم تفسيرا للوظائف الكيميائية والحيوية والنوعية للكبـــد التي تواجهه لإنتاج مركبات ومواد لازمة للجسم فهو يلعب دورا اساسيا في عمليات الايض والاستقلاب بالإضافة الى قيامه بعدد كبير من وظائف الجسم وهو جزء من اجزاء الجهاز المناعي للجسم حيث يرشح الدم لطرح المواد السامة وابتلاع البكتريا والاجسام الغريبة والقدرة على التعامل مع الاف المركبات الكيميائية والعقاقير المختلفة وتصنيع مئات الانواع من البروتينات بالإضافة الى حامض اللاكتيك.
دراسة تحليلية لواقع تطبيق قانون التراخيص الاسيوية للاندية المشاركة في دوري المحترفين لكرة القدم من وجهة نظر اعضاء الهيئات الادارية
Authors: Ali Fouad Al-Karam  , Prof. Dr. Rafid Abdel Amir Naji  , Dr. Raad Abdel Amir Fenjan  
Published: August 2024

هدفت هذه الدراسة الى معرفة العوامل التي تعيق الاندية لتطبيق معايير قانون التراخيص الاسيوية من وجهة نظر اعضاء الهيئات الادارية وكذلك التعرف على المشاكل والمعوقات التي تواجه اعضاء الهيئات الادارية في تنفيذ متطلبات قانون التراخيص الاسيوية .
تم تحديد مجتمع البحث وعينة الدراسة الحالية من (100) عضو هيئة ادارية تمثلت بـ (20) نادي رياضي ، وقد بلغ عدد الاستبانات العائدة والصالحة للبحث (100) استبانة ، وذلك ما تمثل نسبته (100%) من مجتمع البحث وتم استخدام(مقياس التراخيص الاسيوية من وجهة نظر اعضاء الهيئات الادارية في الدوري العراقي) وتوصل الباحثون ان نجاح الاندية الرياضية في تطبيق معايير قانون التراخيص الاسيوية يتوقف على كفاءة اداء الهيئة الادارية وخبراتها ،وتواجه الاندية تحديات كبيرة في توفير مرافق التدريب والملاعب الرسمية بالاضافة الى انها تحتاج نسبة كبيرة من هذه الاندية لتحسين وتطوير البنية التحتية لها .واوصى الباحثون الى اقامة دورات تدريبية وتطويرية لاعضاء الهيثات الادارية للاندية الرياضية والعمل على ازالة المعوقات التي تحد من عدم توفير الملاعب وقاعات التدريب للاندية الرياضية وكذلك العمل على توفير التخصيصات المالية اللازمة لتحسين وتطوير البنية التحتية وانشاء الملاعب ومرافق التدريب للاندية الرياضية.
Mesenchymal stem cells for perianal fistulizing Crohn’s disease (systematic review and meta-analysis)
Authors: Anosov I. S. , Eryshova T. A. , Khryukin R. Yu. , Zakharov M. A. , Achkasov S. I. 
Published: August 2024

AIM: to compare the efficacy (fistulas healing rate) and safety (morbidity rate) of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and placebo in patients with perianal fistulizing Crohn’s disease (PFCD). PATIENTS AND METHODS: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials, comparing the results of treatment of PFCD with single local administration of MSCs or placebo was performed. The meta-analysis included 5 randomized clinical trials and the results of treatment of 289 patients were analyzed. RESULTS: the meta-analysis demonstrates the high efficacy of a single local administration of MSCs for PFCD compared with placebo (OR = 2.10, CI 1.28–3.46, p = 0.003). The most common postoperative complications — abscesses and fistulas — are probably associated with the natural course of the disease and do not differ significantly between the groups. The results of surgery may be affected by the type, source and concentration of MSCs, the method of delivery and the number of injections. CONCLUSION: local administration of mesenchymal stem cells is an effective and safe method for perianal fistulas in Crohn’s disease, however, the presence of significant limitations in the meta-analysis makes it cautious about the results obtained and requires further randomized trials.
Oxaluria in inflammatory bowel diseases (review)
Authors: Simanov R. N. , Barysheva O. Y. 
Published: August 2024

AIM: to analyse and synthesize Russian and foreign literature, to get acquainted with the concept of oxaluria, its types, transport mechanisms of oxalate transport in the intestine and the relationship between hyperoxaluria and inflammatory bowel diseases in order to identify possible options for therapeutic action on the mechanisms of development of these pathologies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: the literature review was based on the Internet data, including bibliographic directories, books, journals, and original articles. The literature sources used for the article reflect the essence of the described problem to the fullest extent possible and can be useful for both practicing physicians and students of medical universities. RESULTS: the gastrointestinal tract through epithelial transport of oxalate plays an exclusive role in oxalate homeostasis and hyperoxaluria. Metabolism of dietary oxalate and the formation of endogenous oxalate, its secretion, absorption, transport and biodegradation by intestinal microflora may influence the excretion of this compound by the kidneys. Knowledge of the interrelated relationships of the gut-kidney axis, mechanisms of transport, transport and biodegradation of oxalate, especially in inflammatory bowel disease, is of great importance for understanding the pathophysiology of hyperoxaluria as a risk factor for urinary stone formation with a point of pharmacological action in the gut. This literature review introduces the concept and forms of oxaluria, shows the classification of oxaluria, describes each form, and broadly explains the metabolism and mechanisms of oxalate transport in the human body. Special attention is given to intestinal hyperoxaluria and anion exchangers belonging to the large multifunctional SLC26 gene family, most of which are expressed throughout the gastrointestinal tract. The authors emphasise their current role in intestinal oxalate transport, as well as methods of possible drug action on the mechanisms of hyperoxaluria. CONCLUSION: a multidisciplinary approach is needed to address the problems of intestinal hyperoxaluria and, consequently, the treatment of urolithiasis. The role of newly identified intestinal and renal anion exchangers is not fully understood, hence the targets and mechanisms of action on these types of exchangers with the possibility of preventing the development of urolithiasis are not fully understood. Further randomised studies on the problem under investigation are needed.
Clinical manifestations and quality of life in patients with different types of idiopathic megabowel
Authors: Aleshin D. V. , Achkasov S. I. , Shakhmatov D. G. , Surovegin E. S. , Fomenko O. Yu. , Ignatenko M. A. , Sushkov O. I. 
Published: August 2024

AIM: to compare the clinical and diagnostic features and quality of life in patients with different types of idiopathic megabowel. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 157 patients with idiopathic megacolon/megarectum, confirmed by barium enema, were divided on 3 groups: 1) distal idiopathic megabowel (megarectum ± distal third of sigmoid colon dilatation); 2) idiopathic megacolon (variable extent of colon dilatation with a normal size rectum); 3) idiopathic megabowel (megarectum ± variable extent of colon dilatation). Hirschsprung’s disease was excluded in all patients based on complex of clinical features, barium enema and anorectal manometry results and (if needed) rectal Swenson’s biopsy. RESULTS: the cohort included 70 (44.6 %) patients with distal idiopathic megabowel, 50 (31.8 %) patients with idiopathic megacolon and 37 (23.6 %) patients with idiopathic megabowel. Wexner constipation scale rate, rate of integral parameters “abdominal discomfort” and “defecation difficulties”, summary assessment of quality of life by IBSQOL questionnaire did not differ between groups (p > 0.05). At the same time patients with distal idiopathic megabowel were statistically significant younger (p < 0.01), had significant higher rate of faecal incontinence due to faecal impaction overflow (p < 0.01), had less often bowel movement. Also these patients had significant higher rate of distal contrast retention (p < 0.01) during gut transit test, but their colonic transit time was slight faster (p = 0.04).In multivariate analysis both megarectum (OR = 25.42; 95 % CI 5.01–128.92) and insufficiency of anal sphincter (OR = 4.71; 95 % CI 1.38–16.14) were independent predictors of faecal incontinence. The surgical treatment was performed most often in idiopathic megacolon group (p < 0.01), mainly due to colon volvulus. The most patients with distal idiopathic megabowel (97.1 %) were successfully maintained with a conservative treatment. CONCLUSION: there was not substantial difference in clinical features and quality of life in patients with different types of idiopathic megabowel, except of significant higher rate of faecal incontinence and less often bowel movement in distal idiopathic megabowel group. Faecal incontinence in these patients is linked disturbance rather intestinal, than anal component of continence. The necessity in surgical treatment was rising most often in cases of idiopathic megacolon. The conservative treatment was quite effective in most patients with distal idiopathic megabowel.
Evagination method for rectovaginal fistulas
Authors: Serebriy A. B. , Titov A. Yu. , Kostarev I. V. , Anosov I. S. , Kiselev D. O. , Ivanova A. S. , Ignatenko M. A. , Khryukin R. Yu. , Mudrov A. A. 
Published: August 2024

AIM: to assess early and late results of the evagination method for the treatment of rectovaginal fistulas (RVF) in patients with anal incontinence due to muscle defect in the anterior semicircle. PATIENTS AND METHODS: the study included 45 patients. The prevailing etiology of RVF was delivery lesion in 19/45(42.2 %). The median follow-up was 6 (4; 8.5) months. On day 30 after surgery, the outcome was assessed clinically. Late outcomes were assessed in all patients 3–12 months including clinical control, transanal ultrasound and sphincterometry. RESULTS: recurrence occurred in 9/45 (20 %) patients. The significant improvement of continence was revealed: in mean pressure in rest (p = 0.004), in maximum contraction pressure (p < 0.0001), in Wexner incontinence score (p < 0.0001). With a fistula opening less than 16 mm, the recurrence risk increases (p = 0.0003). CONCLUSIONS: the evagination method is effective option in extent septal defects and correcting additional analsphincter insufficiency.
Genotype-phenotype correlation in children with adenomatous polyposis syndrome
Authors: Khabibullina L. R. , Shcherbakova O. V. , Shubin V. P. , Razumovsky A. Yu. , Tsukanov A. S. 
Published: August 2024

AIM: to identify the genotype-phenotype correlation in children with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and to assess the risk of surgery. PATIENTS AND METODS: a retrospective study included children with FAP from January 2000 to December 2023. For analysis they were divided in two groups (“severe” and “non-severe” genotype) according to the results of the genetics. RESULTS: forty-two patients from 36 families with FAP were included in the study. Statistical analysis revealed that the mean age at the time of surgery was significantly different and was 13 ± 4 years in the “severe” genotype group vs. 16 ± 1 in the “non-severe” group (p = 0.04). The age of first colonoscopy (OR: 0.74, 95 % CI: 0.53–0.94, р = 0.03) and the carpeting of polyps (OR: 8.06, 95 % CI: 1.71–81.1, р = 0.04) were significantly associated with severe genotype. CONCLUSION: the “severe” genotype is characterized by earlier onset of the disease and age of colonoscopy, of polyps carpeting.
The dynamics of the Zika with optimal Control strategies
Authors: Khan Muhammad Altaf Altaf , Farhan Muhammad , Shah Syed Wasim 
Published: August 2024

We proposed a mathematical model on Zika virus and presented its global dynamics with optimal control strategies. The basic model formulation and its mathematical results are presented. The proposed Zika model is locally asymptotically stable whenever the basic reproduction number ð“¡0<1 (disease free case) and ð“¡0>1 (endemic case). We show mathematical results for the global stability of the Zika model. The Zika model is globally asymptotically stable for the case of disease free when ð“¡0<1 and whenever ð“¡0>1, the model is globally asymptotically stable at the endemic state. We present an optimal control model for the dynamics of Zika virus with three controls, (the minimization of contacts among humans and mosquitoes by wearing long sleeve shirts, big trousers, stay in places with screen window to keep the mosquito outside, sleep under bed net),Â Â (the contacts from mosquitoes to humans individuals by increasing the auto immunity), (increasing the death rate of mosquitos by using the insecticide spraying). The numerical simulation is performed for both the systems and the corresponding results are presented in graphical shape with different strategies. Finally, the brief conclusion is presented with source of references.