bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical effects of buttonhole cannulation method on hemodialysis patients
Authors: Kim Mi‐Kyoung , Kim Hee‐Seung 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAlthough the buttonhole cannulation method is now widely used as an alternative to the rope‐ladder method in most countries, only the latter method is used in Korea. This study was performed to investigate clinical benefit of the buttonhole technique for arteriovenous fistula (AVF) cannulation in maintenance hemodialysis (HD) patients. Thirty‐two patients receiving HD via mature AVF were included and AVF cannulation was performed by 20 experienced nurses. During the 8 weeks, AVFs were cannulated by the rope‐ladder method with 15‐gauge sharp needles. After creating of 2 pairs of tunnel tracks by sharp needles for 7 weeks, AVFs were cannulated by the buttonhole method using 15‐gauge blunt needles during the 16 weeks. Vascular access blood flow rate (BFR), dialysis venous pressure (DVP), and dialysis adequacy (Kt/V) were measured within the first week of the two cannulation methods. Cannulation pain, hemostasis time, and nurse's stress were evaluated at the end of the two methods. There were no statistical differences in vascular access BFR (P = 0.139), DVP (P = 0.152), and dialysis adequacy (P = 0.343) between the two methods. However, the buttonhole method shortened hemostasis time (P = 0.001) and decreased cannulation pain (P = 0.001) as well as nurse's stress (P = 0.001) compared with the rope‐ladder method. In conclusion, the buttonhole cannulation method improves hemostasis time, cannulation pain, and nurse's stress without a change in vascular access BFR and dialysis adequacy in HD patients.
Effects of flaxseed consumption on systemic inflammation and serum lipid profile in hemodialysis patients with lipid abnormalities
Authors: Khalatbari Soltani Saman , Jamaluddin Rosita , Tabibi Hadi , Mohd Yusof Barakatun Nisak , Atabak Shahnaz , Loh Su‐Peng , Rahmani Leila 
Published: September 2012

AbstractInflammation and lipid abnormalities are two important risk factors for cardiovascular disease in hemodialysis (HD) patients. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of flaxseed consumption on systemic inflammation and serum lipid profile in HD patients with lipid abnormalities. This was an unblinded, randomized clinical trial. Thirty HD patients with dyslipidemia (triglyceride >200 mg/dL and/or high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (HDL‐C) <40 mg/dL) were randomly assigned to either a flaxseed or control group. Patients in the flaxseed group received 40 g/day ground flaxseed for 8 weeks, whereas patients in the control group received their usual diet, without any flaxseed. At baseline and at the end of week 8, 7 mL of blood was collected after a 12‐ to 14‐hour fast and serum concentrations of triglyceride, total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (LDL‐C), HDL‐C, and C‐reactive protein (CRP) were measured. Serum concentrations of triglyceride (P < 0.01), total cholesterol (P < 0.01), LDL‐C (P < 0.01), and CRP (P < 0.05) decreased significantly in the flaxseed group at the end of week 8 compared with baseline, whereas serum HDL‐C showed a significant increase (P < 0.01). These changes in the flaxseed group were significant in comparison with the control group. The study indicates that flaxseed consumption improves lipid abnormalities and reduces systemic inflammation in HD patients with lipid abnormalities.
Effects of artificially varying amounts of rainfall on two semi‐natural grassland types
Authors: Holub P. , Fabšičová M. , Tůma I. , Záhora J. , Fiala K. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractQuestionIs a lowland grassland community with a lower amount of ambient precipitation and a high abundance of subdominant species more sensitive to altered rainfall input in comparison with mountain grassland with higher ambient precipitation and a low abundance of subdominant species?Location(1) Lowland Festuca grassland characterized by dry acidophilous vegetation, low mean annual precipitation and high species richness, and (2) mountain Nardus grassland with high mean annual precipitation and low species richness in the Eastern Czech Republic.MethodsWe conducted a manipulative experiment with rainout shelters and gravity irrigation systems. We simulated three levels of precipitation input (50%, 100% and 150%) and examined the treatment effects on above‐ground net primary productivity (ANPP) of the main plant functional groups (grasses, forbs, legumes, shrubs and mosses) and on plant species composition over three consecutive years.ResultsAltered rainfall input had a significant effect on total live ANPP in the drier, lowland grassland community, while no pronounced effect was observed in the mountain grassland characterized by higher ambient precipitation. In the lowland grassland, changes in total ANPP resulted primarily from enhanced growth of subdominant non‐N‐fixing forbs in response to the direct effect of higher artificial rainfall input and an indirect effect of reduced competition with grasses in drier treatments.ConclusionsWetter, species‐poor mountain grasslands will probably show smaller changes in response to expected climate changes in ANPP, species number and abundance than lowland grasslands, characterized by dry acidophilous vegetation, with higher species richness and higher abundance of subordinate species.
Dynamics of dual active galactic nuclei at kpc scales: observational consequences
Authors: Wang X.-W. , Yuan Y.-F. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Dual active galactic nuclei (AGNs) at kpc scales that originated from galaxy mergers have been found, but the dynamics of the mergers are insufficiently understood, especially the relevant observational consequences. We present evolutionary models of dual AGNs in two cases driven by different friction laws with their surroundings, which are characterized by forces with F∝V* and F∝V*−2. The evolutionary behaviours show that there is a minimum time-scale of ∼108 yr to accomplish a merger. Since the total friction and moment acting on dual AGNs with unequal masses do not vanish, the centre of mass moves with a velocity of Vc∼ a few ten km s−1 and makes an offset of ΔS∼ sub-kpc of the merged AGNs with respect to the centre of their host galaxies. The relative motion of the two cores along the line joining the centre of mass is of VR∼ a few ten km s−1, which determines the merger time-scales. Dissipation of the orbital kinetic energy of dual AGNs either enhances stellar velocity dispersion or heats up the interstellar medium in its revirialization to form a soft X-ray cocoon enshrouding them with a typical luminosity of ∼1042 erg s−1. We predict that galaxies with offset AGNs are likely to host binary supermassive black holes at sub-kpc scales, shedding light on searching candidates from AGNs.
Ultramicroscopic study of the interface and sealing ability of four root canal obturation methods: Resilon versus gutta‐percha
Authors: Castelo‐Baz Pablo , Martin‐Biedma Benjamin , Lopes Maria Manuela , Pires‐Lopes Luis , Silveira Joao , López‐Rosales Elisardo , Varela‐Patiño Purificación 
Published: September 2012

AbstractRecently, filling materials have been introduced based on the dentine adhesion technologies used in conservative dentistry in an attempt to seal the root canal more effectively. The purpose of this study was to investigate the interface between the canal and root‐filling material. Sealing ability of four root canal obturation methods was analysed by means of scanning electron microscopy. Extracted single‐rooted teeth were endodontically treated and filled with gutta‐percha/Pulp Canal Sealer using the Thermafil (TH) technique, gutta‐percha/Pulp Canal Sealer using the System B (SB) technique, Resilon points/RealSeal (RS) and RealSeal 1/RealSeal (RS1). Specimen interfaces were analysed using field‐emission scanning electron microscopy. The adhesive groups RS and RS1, formed hybrid layers but showed areas of separation (gaps) similar to those in the conventional obturation groups. The RS and RS1 groups showed less separation in the coronal third, but the separation was similar to that in the TH and SB groups in the middle and apical thirds. The sealing ability of Resilon is not superior to that of existing materials.
Effects of Salinity and Ultraviolet Radiation on the Bioaccumulation of Mycosporine‐like Amino Acids in Artemia from Lake Urmia (Iran)
Authors: Khosravi Sanaz , Khodabandeh Saber , Agh Naser , Bakhtiarian Mahdieh 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe investigated the effects of salinity and artificial UV radiation on the accumulation of mycosporine‐like amino acids (MAAs) in sexual and parthenogenetic Artemia from Lake Urmia. The nauplii hatched from the cysts were cultured until adulthood under two salinities (150 and 250 g L−1) and two light treatments (PAR and PAR+UVR) in the laboratory. Finally, the Artemia were analyzed for their concentration of MAAs. In most of the cases, the higher salinity level applied was found to increase the MAA concentrations in both Artemia populations significantly. The acquisition efficiency of MAAs in both Artemia populations increased under exposure to UVR‐supplemented photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) compared to those raised under PAR, except for Porphyra‐334. It was observed that combination of UV radiation and elevated salinity significantly increased the bioaccumulation of MAAs. Thus, the presence of these compounds in these populations of Artemia may increase their adaptability for living in high‐UV and high‐salinity conditions prevailing in Lake Urmia. Higher concentrations of MAAs in the parthenogenetic population of Artemia could be probably attributed to its mono sex nature and higher adaptation capacities to extreme environmental conditions.
Steady‐state levels of retinal 24S‐hydroxycholesterol are maintained by glial cells intervention after elevation of intraocular pressure in the rat
Authors: Fourgeux Cynthia , Martine Lucy , Pasquis Bruno , Maire Marie‐Annick , Acar Niyazi , Creuzot‐Garcher Catherine , Bron Alain , Bretillon Lionel 
Published: September 2012

Abstract.Purpose:  Our previous studies suggested that CYP46A1 and 24S‐hydroxycholesterol (24SOH) may be associated with glaucoma. Loss of CYP46A1‐expressing retinal ganglion cells is involved in the activation of glia, and therefore possibly in the disbalance of cholesterol. In this context, the purpose of our present work was to emphasize the glial and longitudinal CYP46A1 expression after an interventional glaucoma‐related stress triggered by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP).Methods:  Sprague–Dawley rats were submitted to laser photocoagulation of the trabecular meshwork, limbus and episcleral veins in one eye to induce elevated IOP. Rats were euthanized at days 3, 14, 30 and 60 (n = 10 per time‐point), and 24SOH was measured in plasma and retina by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. CYP46A1 was quantified by Western blotting. Glial activation was assessed by glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity in Western blots and retinal cryosections.Results:  Sustained high IOP was observed in experimental eyes from day 1 to day 21. Plasma MCP‐1 and ICAM‐1, quantified using multiplex assay kits, were increased at day 3. Glial activation was observed bilaterally at all time‐points, at lower levels in contralateral eyes than in experimental eyes. In experimental retinas, CYP46A1 expression showed a transient increase at day 3 and then returned to baseline. Plasma and retinal 24SOH peaked at day 14 and 30, respectively.Conclusions:  These data show that CYP46A1 expression was induced early in response to retinal stress but remained constant at late time‐points, reinforcing the constitutive role of CYP46A1 in maintaining cholesterol balance in neuronal tissues.
Correlation between components of newly diagnosed exudative age‐related macular degeneration lesion and focal retinal sensitivity
Authors: Hautamäki Asta , Oikkonen Jaana , Onkamo Päivi , Immonen Ilkka 
Published: September 2012

Abstract.Purpose:  To analyse lesion components determining retinal sensitivity in microperimetry in eyes with newly diagnosed exudative age‐related macular degeneration (AMD).Methods:  Visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, microperimetry, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and fluorescein (FA) and indocyanine green (ICGA) angiographies of 23 eyes of 23 patients were analysed. Central microperimetry grids with 28 test stimulus sites were automatically aligned with three‐dimensional OCTs and manually aligned with angiographies. Thicknesses of the neuroretina, neuroepithelial detachment (NED), retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) elevation and subretinal tissue were measured under the 644 microperimetry stimulus sites. Areas of classic and occult choroidal neovascularizations (CNVs), subretinal and intraretinal haemorrhage, and late hyperfluorescence in ICGA were identified. The impact of the lesion components on retinal sensitivity was evaluated with correlation analysis and multivariate modelling.Results:  Decreased retinal sensitivity correlated significantly with the presence of CNV, haemorrhage, subretinal tissue and RPE elevation. Out of the OCT parameters, the most important determinant of sensitivity was the thickness of RPE elevation (Spearman’s rho, r = −0.202, p < 0.0001). The thicknesses of subretinal tissue (r = −0.168, p < 0.0001) and NED had weaker effects (r = −0.147, p < 0.0001), and the neuroretinal thickness remained nonsignificant. In multivariate modelling, RPE elevation and subretinal tissue in OCT, CNV membranes in angiographies and haemorrhage had the strongest impacts on retinal sensitivity.Conclusion:  The most important lesion components affecting retinal function were RPE elevation and subretinal tissue in OCT as well as neovascular membranes and haemorrhage in angiographies. NED and neuroretinal thickening remained less significant.
Diffusion of macromolecules through sclera
Authors: Miao Heng , Wu Bi‐Dong , Tao Yong , Li Xiao‐Xin 
Published: September 2012

Abstract.Purpose:  To quantify the in vitro permeability coefficient over different topographical locations of porcine sclera to macromolecules with different molecular weight.Methods:  Fresh equatorial and posterior superotemporal porcine sclera was mounted in a two‐chamber diffusion apparatus, and its permeability to fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)‐conjugated dextrans ranging in molecular weight from 40 kDa to 150 kDa was determined by fluorescence spectrophotometry. The sclera was processed as frozen sections and viewed with a fluorescence microscope. The thickness of the area and the thickness that macromolecules enriched in the surface of sclera were measured.Results:  The permeability coefficient (Pc) of porcine sclera to macromolecules was significantly higher (40 kDa, p = 0.028; 70 kDa, p = 0.033; 150 kDa, p = 0.007) in equatorial region than posterior, which could be attributed to the significant difference of thickness (p < 0.001, Kruskal–Wallis) between them. Moreover, linear regression indicated a significant negative relationship (40 kDa, p < 0.001; 70 kDa, p = 0.015; 150 kDa, p < 0.001) between scleral permeability coefficient and thickness. Also, Pc declined significantly with increasing molecular weight (MW, p < 0.001, Kruskal–Wallis). The area that the macromolecules enriched in the scleral surface was thicker for those with larger MW (p < 0.001, Kruskal–Wallis). The maximum MW and size for equatorial and posterior superotemporal scleral tissue were 185.01 KDa and 180.42 KDa, 9.92 nm and 9.67 nm, respectively.Conclusions:  The permeability coefficient of porcine sclera has a significant negative relationship with scleral thickness and MW of macromolecules. Larger macromolecules are more likely to accumulate in scleral surface. The difference between topographical locations may have pharmacokinetic implications when considering transscleral diffusion of macromolecules.
Horizons communs : partager les récits sur les paysages patrimoniaux
Authors: Labrador Angela M. 
Published: September 2012

RésuméL’article présente une étude de cas sur une recherche participative dans laquelle le partage des récits ayant trait aux paysages patrimoniaux n’est plus simplement une commémoration du passé mais contribue de fait au bien‐être présent et futur des membres de la collectivité. Il expose comment, sur le plan théorique, le patrimoine est conçu comme un processus social, et comment la préservation du patrimoine est traditionnellement allée à l’encontre de ce processus social.
Vers un patrimoine mondial utile : le rôle de la population dans le paysage industriel de Blaenavon
Authors: Walker Dominic 
Published: September 2012

RésuméDepuis plusieurs années, la participation de la population est une composante à part entière de la gestion du patrimoine. Dans l’idéal, les nouvelles pratiques collaboratives devraient reposer sur un travail en commun et un partenariat mutuellement bénéfique entre professionnels ou universitaires et d’autres communautés, éventuellement professionnelles, mais surtout avec les communautés locales qui sont parfois profondément affectées par les décisions prises sur leur patrimoine culturel. L’article étudie le rôle de la population dans le paysage industriel de Blaenavon.
Les bienfaits sociaux du patrimoine et les minorités ethniques en Chine
Authors: Shouyong Pan 
Published: September 2012

RésuméLa Chine prend de plus en plus conscience des nouveaux courants dans le mouvement muséologique pour les minorités ethniques ; pourtant elle manque encore d’une étude théoriquement bien fondée et méthodologiquement systématique. Cet article examine deux musées villageois et raconte ce qui s’est produit dans les villages après la construction des musées. Ces deux musées sont le musée villageois de Cong‐mi‐a dans le comté de Leishan et le Musée villageois du Grand chant dong dans le comté de Congjiang ; tous deux relèvent de la Préfecture autonome des groupes Ethniques Miao et Dong dans la province de Guizhou.
Le sens des lieux par le biais du récit : une perspective pédagogique
Authors: Gustafsson Birgitta E. 
Published: September 2012

RésuméBirgitta E. Gustafsson discute comment le passé peut prendre du sens par le biais du récit sur les sites historiques. Les histoires que nous choisissons de raconter au sujet d’un lieu (et à qui elles appartiennent) ont à voir avec le pouvoir et l’ambition de pouvoir. La production de sens comprend des valeurs tenues pour acquises et des visions du monde individuelles qui forment une perspective pédagogique qu’il faut remettre en cause et contester. On peut y parvenir par le biais d’histoires qui surprennent, provoquent et démontent les vérités préétablies. Arriver à une compréhension acquise par cette approche est un défi pour les éducateurs comme pour les étudiants dans le domaine du patrimoine culturel – mais vitale dans une perspective sociale et démocratique.
Violence, paysage et réconciliation au KwaNxamalala, province du KwaZulu‐Natal
Authors: Ntsimane Radikobo 
Published: September 2012

RésuméLorsque la violence pénètre à ce point la société que deux à trois générations ne connaissent rien d’autre de toute leur existence, on peut apprécier le tournant qu’a représenté, dans l’histoire de l’Afrique du Sud en général et celle du KwaZulu‐Natal en particulier, la Commission pour la vérité et la réconciliation (CVR) de 1996. Pourtant, bien que celle‐ci ait tenté de rapprocher agresseurs et victimes, elle ne s’est pas attaquée aux blessures et aux traumatismes psychologiques lies aux lieux mêmes où la violence s’est exercée. Le présent article examinera comment ont été traitées la violence qui s’est emparée, entre 1987 et 1991, des trois villages voisins de Mthoqotho, Bhobhonono et Mbubu, à Vulindlela, près de la ville de Pietermaritzburg, et les séquelles qu’elle a laissées.
Trois rues et sept ruelles : un exemple de musée de voisinage dans le développement urbain chinois
Authors: Bingwu Cao 
Published: September 2012

RésuméAu cours de ces dernières années d’énormes changements sociaux – rapide croissance économique et développement urbain – beaucoup de villes ou rues culturelles et patrimoniales ont été rasées ou irrémédiablement transformées. Les autorités et les universitaires ont travailléà tourner certaines rues en musées de voisinage et à conserver le patrimoine matériel et immatériel dans son ensemble. Le quartier des Trois rues et sept ruelles dans la ville de Fuzhou, dans la province chinoise du Fuijan est un cas d’école. Il est dorénavant protégé et conservé en qualité de musée de voisinage par le biais d’un programme qui fait appel aux autorités locales, aux professionnels et aux habitants et qui permet à un genre de vie et une culture de perdurer dans la communauté. Ce cas précis peut servir d’inspiration dans des situations similaires en Chine.
Une journée en camp de travail : leçon d’histoire vivante
Authors: Knudsen Britta Timm 
Published: September 2012

RésuméGrâce à une lecture sémiotico‐esthétique et à l’observation participative de la reconstitution minutieuse d’un camp de travail en Lituanie, intitulée Une journée en camp de travail : leçon d’histoire vivante, on procédera dans le présent article à une double démonstration : d’une part, l’auteur prétend que, pour avoir un impact sur des publics contemporains, l’histoire doit paraitre vivante, être rendue intéressante et qu’elle doit être ressentie de l’intérieur et analysera de quelle manière cet effet de vie est créé. D’autre part, aucune utilisation stratégique du passé n’est innocente et nous devons donc porter un regard critique sur la manière dont un passé en particulier est utilisé, et avec quelles conséquences.
Éducation à l’environnement historique : mobiliser le présent pour explorer le passé
Authors: Hunner Jon , Westergren Ebbe 
Published: September 2012

RésuméUne méthode, appelée «éducation à l’environnement historique », ne se contente pas de faire revivre l’histoire, elle la relie à la vie quotidienne et aux communautés humaines d’aujourd’hui. Le présent article est une introduction à l’éducation à l’environnement historique. Il en expose les grands principes, explique comment cette méthode est utilisée dans des pays du monde entier et enfin décrit ses avantages pour la société ainsi que ses inconvénients.
Telemedicine and paediatric obesity treatment: review of the literature and lessons learnt
Authors: Cohen G. M. , Irby M. B. , Boles K. , Jordan C. , Skelton J. A. 
Published: September 2012

SummaryPaediatric obesity is more prevalent in rural areas, yet rural families may not have access to paediatric obesity treatment programmes. The use of new technologies, particularly telemedicine, has proven effective in other behavioural fields, such as psychiatry. This paper reviews the literature on the use of telemedicine in paediatric obesity treatment and describes one tertiary‐care paediatric obesity telemedicine programme. We performed a systematic review of the literature from 1990 to 2011 using the following criteria: paediatric age group, overweight or obesity care or treatment, and use of telemedicine technology. Of 2873 abstracts identified, four studies met all inclusion criteria; all were published after 2008. The limited evidence suggests telemedicine to be a promising approach to paediatric weight management, particularly for rural families with limited access to treatments. We also provide important lessons learnt from one paediatric obesity treatment clinic offering services to rural families via telemedicine. Few studies have examined the use of telemedicine for paediatric obesity treatment, but the available data favour this method for treating rural patients. There are several unique key factors influencing successful delivery of a paediatric obesity telemedicine treatment programme. This review identifies a potential avenue for expanded treatment and highlights the need for further investigation.