bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mineral Trapping and Sequestration of Carbon-dioxide in Deccan Basalts: SEM, FTIR and Raman Spectroscopic Studies on Secondary Carbonates
Authors: Prasad P. S. R. , Sarma D. Srinivasa , Charan S. Nirmal 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Increasing CO2 emissions and global warming are posing problems for carbon management. Results of laboratory experiments, probing the carbon sequestration potential of picrites from Igatpuri Formation, Deccan Flood Basalt Volcanic Province, India are reported here. The picrites which were reacted with water and carbon dioxide in its supercritical condition for about 5 months duration at 100°C temperature and 60 bars of CO2 pressure clearly show the growth of secondary carbonates over the surface as well as in the intergranular spaces. SEM-EDS studies, Infrared spectroscopic analysis and Raman spectrographic studies also confirm the development of secondary carbonates in the reacted picrite samples.
Trends in Late-Life Activity Limitations in the United States: An Update From Five National Surveys
Authors: Freedman Vicki A. , Spillman Brenda C. , Andreski Patti M. , Cornman Jennifer C. , Crimmins Eileen M. , Kramarow Ellen , Lubitz James , Martin Linda G. , Merkin Sharon S. , Schoeni Robert F. , Seeman Teresa E. , Waidmann Timothy A. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
This article updates trends from five national U.S. surveys to determine whether the prevalence of activity limitations among the older population continued to decline in the first decade of the twenty-first century. Findings across studies suggest that personal care and domestic activity limitations may have continued to decline for those ages 85 and older from 2000 to 2008, but generally were flat since 2000 for those ages 65–84. Modest increases were observed for the 55- to 64-year-old group approaching late life, although prevalence remained low for this age group. Inclusion of the institutional population is important for assessing trends among those ages 85 and older in particular.
Review of selected databases of longitudinal aging studies
Authors: Erten‐Lyons Deniz , Sherbakov Lena O. , Piccinin Andrea M. , Hofer Scott M. , Dodge Hiroko H. , Quinn Joseph F. , Woltjer Randy L. , Kramer Patricia L. , Kaye Jeffrey A. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractOne of the recommendations of the 2010 Leon Thal Symposium, organized to develop strategies to prevent Alzheimer's disease, was to build a global database of longitudinal aging studies. Although several databases of longitudinal aging studies exist, none of these are comprehensive or complete. In this article, we review selected databases of longitudinal aging studies. We also make recommendations on future steps to create a comprehensive database. Additionally, we discuss issues related to data harmonization.
Greater regional brain atrophy rate in healthy elderly subjects with a history of cigarette smoking
Authors: Durazzo Timothy C. , Insel Philip S. , Weiner Michael W. ,   Alzheimer Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the effects of cigarette smoking on longitudinal brain morphological changes in the elderly. This study investigated the effects of a history of cigarette smoking on changes in regional brain volumes over 2 years in healthy, cognitively intact elderly individuals. We predicted that individuals with a history of cigarette smoking, compared with never smokers, demonstrate greater rate of atrophy over 2 years in regions that manifest morphological abnormalities in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD), as well as in the extended brain reward/executive oversight system (BREOS), which is implicated in the development and maintenance of substance use disorders.MethodsParticipants were healthy, cognitively normal elderly control subjects (75.9 ± 4.8 years of age) with any lifetime history of cigarette smoking (n = 68) or no history of smoking (n = 118). Data were obtained through the Alzheimer Disease Neuroimaging Initiative from 2005 to 2010. Participants completed four magnetic resonance scans over 2 years. A standardized protocol using high‐resolution three‐dimensional T1‐weighted sequences at 1.5 T was used for structural imaging and regional brain volumetric analyses.ResultsSmokers demonstrated a significantly greater atrophy rate over 2 years than nonsmokers in multiple brain regions associated with the early stages of AD, as well as in the BREOS system. Groups did not differ on the rate of global cortical atrophy.ConclusionsA history of cigarette smoking in this healthy elderly cohort was associated with decreased structural integrity of multiple brain regions, which manifested as a greater rate of atrophy over 2 years in regions specifically affected by incipient AD as well as chronic substance abuse.
Comparison of International Working Group criteria and National Institute on Aging–Alzheimer's Association criteria for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Visser Pieter Jelle , Vos Stephanie , van Rossum Ineke , Scheltens Philip 
Published: October 2012

AbstractTwo sets of research criteria for Alzheimer's disease are now available: those published by an International Working Group in 2007, and the recommendations published by the National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer's Association (NIA–AA) in 2011. They both provide guidelines for the diagnosis of asymptomatic and symptomatic Alzheimer's disease. The coexistence of two sets of criteria for the same disorder raises the question of which set of criteria should be preferred. A comparison of the criteria revealed differences in approach, terminology, and use of cognitive markers and biomarkers. Most persons who meet the International Working Group criteria will also meet the NIA–AA criteria and vice versa. However, the NIA–AA criteria allow for a subclassification of persons based on biomarker results within each diagnostic category. Further research is needed to validate the criteria. Modifications are likely to be made before the criteria can be used in daily practice.
Debating Scientific Medicine: Homoeopathy and Allopathy in Late Nineteenth-century Medical Print in Bengal1
Authors: Das Shinjini 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe historiography of medicine in South Asia often assumes the presence of preordained, homogenous, coherent and clearly-bound medical systems. They also tend to take the existence of a medical ‘mainstream’ for granted. This article argues that the idea of an ‘orthodox’, ‘mainstream’ named allopathy and one of its ‘alternatives’ homoeopathy were co-produced in Bengal. It emphasises the role of the supposed ‘fringe’, ie. homoeopathy, in identifying and organising the ‘orthodoxy’ of the time. The shared market for medicine and print provided a crucial platform where such binary identities such as ‘homoeopaths’ and ‘allopaths’ were constituted and reinforced. This article focuses on a range of polemical writings by physicians in the Bengali print market since the 1860s. Published mostly in late nineteenth-century popular medical journals, these concerned the nature, definition and scope of ‘scientific’ medicine. The article highlights these published disputes and critical correspondence among physicians as instrumental in simultaneously shaping the categories ‘allopathy’ and ‘homoeopathy’ in Bengali print. It unravels how contemporary understandings of race, culture and nationalism informed these medical discussions. It further explores the status of these medical contestations, often self-consciously termed ‘debates’, as an essential contemporary trope in discussing ‘science’ in the vernacular.
Mrs Killer and Dr Crook: Birth Attendants and Birth Outcomes in Early Twentieth-century Derbyshire
Authors: Reid Alice 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAfter the passing of the 1902 Midwives Act, a growing proportion of women were delivered by trained and supervised midwives. Standards of midwifery should therefore have improved over the first three decades of the twentieth century, yet nationally this was not reflected in the main outcome measures (stillbirths, early neonatal mortality and maternal death). This paper shows that there was a difference in the risks associated with delivery by the different attendants, with qualified midwives having the best outcome, then bona-fide (untrained) midwives and lastly doctors, even when account is taken of the fact that doctors were called in cases of medical need and may have been booked where a problematic delivery was expected. The paper argues that the lack of improvement in outcome measures could be consistent with improving standards of care among both trained and bona-fide midwives, because increased attention to the rules stipulating when midwives called for medical help meant that a doctor was called into an increasing number of deliveries (including less complicated ones), raising the chance of unnecessary and dangerous interventions.
‘Fibre Body’: The Concept of Fibre in Eighteenth-century Medicine, c.1700–401
Authors: Ishizuka Hisao 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis paper attempts a comprehensive account of ‘fibre medicine’ elaborated by iatromechanists from c. 1700 to c. 1740. Fibre medicine, a medical theory informed by the notion of the fibre, has been neglected by medical historians despite the pivotal role played by the fibre in animal economy. Referring to a wide range of medical fields such as anatomy, physiology, pathology, therapeutics and life sciences, this paper elucidates the ways that the fibre serves as an indispensable concept for iatromechanists to establish their medical theories. This paper also highlights the metaphorical dimension of the fibre as an integral part of fibre medicine. In re-evaluating the concept of the fibre, this paper seeks to redress the neuro-centric view of eighteenth-century medicine, and attempts to locate the fibre body amidst the fundamental shift from humoralism to solidism.
On primordial groups for the Green ring
Authors: Raggi-Cárdenas Alberto G. , Romero Nadia 
Published: October 2012

AbstractConsider the Mackey functor that assigns to each finite group G the Green ring of finitely generated kG-modules, where k is a field of characteristic p > 0. Thévenaz foresaw in 1988 that the class of primordial groups for this functor is the family of k-Dress groups. In this paper we prove that this is true for the subfunctor defined by the Green ring of finitely generated kG-modules of trivial source.
NORM CONFLICT BETWEEN WTO COVERED AGREEMENTS—REAL, APPARENT OR AVOIDED?
Authors: Chase Claude 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis article explores the issue of norm conflict in the context of specific multilateral agreements that are administered and enforced by the World Trade Organization (WTO), namely, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 (GATT), the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), and the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). Any discussion of norm conflict between treaty provisions must necessarily draw a critical distinction between an apparent conflict, on the one hand, and a real conflict, on the other hand. An apparent conflict is one where the content of two or more norms is at first glance contradictory, yet the conflict can be avoided, most often by interpretative means. A real conflict represents an irreconcilable divergence between norms which cannot be interpreted away and can only be solved by the application of a conflict rule. The notion of intra WTO conflict is largely unexplored and consequently under-theorized. It is explored here not as an abstract notion, but rather against the backdrop of the institutional and normative environment of the WTO. It is submitted that intra WTO norm conflict is hardly likely to arise as a legal issue under WTO law. This is because the normative and institutional environment of the WTO militates against treating overlapping WTO provisions as situations of real norm conflict. This environment allows for, and potentially mandates a judicial approach to intra WTO conflict that accords with the telos of the single undertaking nature of WTO rights and obligations. In the result, intra WTO conflict will possibly never be real; will often be deemed as merely apparent; and will sometimes be avoided.
Futures Cross-Hedging with a Stationary Basis
Authors: Ankirchner Stefan , Dimitroff Georgi , Heyne Gregor , Pigorsch Christian 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWhen managing risk, frequently only imperfect hedging instruments are at hand. We show how to optimally cross-hedge risk when the spread between the hedging instrument and the risk is stationary. For linear risk positions we derive explicit formulas for the hedge error, and for nonlinear positions we show how to obtain numerically efficient estimates. Finally, we demonstrate that even in cases with no clear-cut decision concerning the stationarity of the spread, it is better to allow for mean reversion of the spread rather than to neglect it.
Heritability estimates in behavior genetics: Wasn't that station passed long ago?
Authors: Crusio Wim E. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractCharney describes several mechanisms that will bias estimates of heritability in unpredictable directions. In addition, the mechanisms described by Charney explain the puzzling fact that research in human-behavior genetics routinely reports higher heritabilities than animal studies do. However, I argue that the concept of heritability has no real place in human research anyway.
Postgenomics and genetic essentialism
Authors: Dar-Nimrod Ilan 
Published: October 2012

AbstractTraditional lay perceptions of genetics are plagued with essentialist biases leading to some unfortunate consequences. Changes in the scientific understanding of heredity in general, and in genotype–phenotype relationships more specifically, provide a vital basis for shifting public understanding of genetics. Facilitating postgenomic literacy among the public has the potential to have translational implications in diminishing deleterious attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors.
Preventing a paradigm shift: A plea for the computational genome
Authors: Garzillo Carmine , Trautteur Giuseppe 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAgainst the opinion that DNA as program is not sufficiently explanatory, we maintain that the cellular machinery is entirely computational, and we identify the crucial notion of the interpreter that expresses the gene with the minimal gene set. Epigenetics research does not so much need paradigm shifts as the unraveling of an exceedingly complex computational machine.
Non-Mendelian etiologic factors in neuropsychiatric illness: Pleiotropy, epigenetics, and convergence
Authors: Deutsch Curtis K. , McIlvane William J. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe target article by Charney on behavior genetics/genomics discusses how numerous molecular factors can inform heritability estimations and genetic association studies. These factors find application in the search for genes for behavioral phenotypes, including neuropsychiatric disorders. We elaborate upon how single causal factors can generate multiple phenotypes, and discuss how multiple causal factors may converge on common neurodevelopmental mechanisms.
Humans, fruit flies, and automatons
Authors: Charney Evan 
Published: October 2012

AbstractMy response is divided into four sections: (1) is devoted to a potpourri of commentaries that are essentially in agreement with the substance of my target article (with one exception); in (2) I address, in response to one of the commentaries, several issues relating to the use of candidate gene association studies in behavior genetics (in particular those proposing a specific G×E interaction); in (3) I provide a detailed response to several defenses of the twin study methodology; and in (4) I conclude with several reflections on that methodology and the conception of human nature it has fostered.
A systematic review of behavioural weight-loss interventions involving primary-care physicians in overweight and obese primary-care patients (1999–2011)
Authors: Yoong Sze Lin , Carey Mariko , Sanson-Fisher Rob , Grady Alice 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjectiveThe present review aimed to examine the effectiveness of behavioural weight-loss interventions involving primary-care physicians in producing weight loss in overweight and obese primary-care patients.DesignA systematic review was conducted by searching online databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, PsycINFO and SCOPUS) from January 1999 to December 2011. All abstracts were screened and coded for eligibility. The Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care Group quality criteria were used to assess the methodological adequacy of included studies. Information related to study design, population characteristics and intervention details was extracted.SettingPrimary care.SubjectsOverweight or obese (defined as having a BMI ≥ 25·0 kg/m2) primary-care patients.ResultsSixteen different studies were included. Of these, six assessed primary-care physicians’ delivery of weight-loss counselling; nine assessed weight-loss counselling delivered by non-physician personnel with monitoring by primary-care physicians; and one assessed a multi-component intervention. Overall, high-intensity weight-loss counselling by primary-care physicians resulted in moderate but not clinically significant weight loss. High-intensity weight-loss counselling delivered by non-physicians, meal replacements delivered in conjunction with dietitian counselling and referral to commercial weight-loss centre programmes accompanied by regular monitoring by a primary-care physician were effective in producing clinically significant weight loss. Dietitian-delivered care appeared effective in producing weight loss regardless of level of intervention intensity.ConclusionsOverall, there were few studies on this topic and the methodological rigour of some included studies was poor. Additional studies assessing the effectiveness and acceptability of potential interventions are needed to confirm these findings.
Low seismic velocities below mid‐ocean ridges: Attenuation versus melt retention
Authors: Goes Saskia , Armitage John , Harmon Nick , Smith Hannah , Huismans Ritske 
Published: October 2012

The first comprehensive seismic experiment sampling subridge mantle revealed a pronounced low‐velocity zone between 40 and 100 km depth below the East Pacific Rise (EPR) that has been attributed to substantial retained melt fractions of 0.3–2%. Such high melt fractions are at odds with low melt productivity and high melt mobility inferred from petrology and geochemistry. Here, we evaluate whether seismic attenuation can reconcile subridge seismic structure with low melt fractions. We start from a dynamic spreading model which includes melt generation and migration and is converted into seismic structure, accounting for temperature‐, pressure‐, composition‐, phase‐, and melt‐dependent anharmonicity, and temperature‐, pressure‐, frequency‐ and hydration‐dependent anelasticity. Our models predict a double low‐velocity zone: a shallow—approximately triangular—region due to dry melting, and a low‐velocity channel between 60 and 150 km depth dominantly controlled by solid state high‐temperature seismic attenuation in a damp mantle, with only a minor contribution of (<0.1%) melt. We test how tomographic inversion influences the imaging of our modeled shear velocity features. The EPR experiment revealed a double low‐velocity zone, but most tomographic studies would only resolve the deeper velocity minimum. Experimentally constrained anelasticity formulations produce VSas low as observed and can explain lateral variations in near‐ridge asthenospheric VS with ±100 K temperature variations and/or zero to high water content. Furthermore, such QS formulations also reproduce low asthenospheric VS below older oceans and continents from basic lithospheric cooling models. Although these structures are compatible with global QS images, they are more attenuating than permitted by EPR data.
Intensive versus extensive management systems in commercial egg production.
Authors: Golden J. B. , Arbona D. V. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Despite the degree of environmental protection and economic feasibility offered by traditional poultry production systems, the practice of housing laying hens in cages has been widely criticized worldwide because of the public perception that caged housing systems provide poor welfare for laying hens. As a result of increasing public interest in laying hen welfare, alternative management systems such as free-range environments have been resurrected and new legislation such as the California Proposition Two is expediting a shift back towards extensive practices. The transition from intensive back to extensive practices coupled with the advent and increasing popularity of novel alternative layer housing management methods in recent years necessitates an examination of the influence of environmental stressors associated with different housing methods on layer egg production, immunological response and reproductive well-being. In this review, the evolution of intensive and extensive management practices is comparatively examined based on how these different management practices impact layer hen well-being and productivity. Different welfare assessment techniques are also examined in an effort to provide insight into the progression of research concerning layer hen welfare in different management systems.
Incidence and trends of heart failure admissions after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery
Authors: Moreyra Abel E. , Deng Yingzi , Wilson Alan C. , Cosgrove Nora M. , Kostis William J. , Kostis John B. ,   for the MIDAS 18 study group
Published: October 2012

AimsFactors related to hospitalization for heart failure (HF) following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery were studied.Methods and resultsPatients (n = 65 377) undergoing CABG surgery in New Jersey from 1998 to 2007 were identified from the state cardiac surgery database; subsequent hospitalizations for HF were assessed using the Myocardial Infarction Data Acquisition System database. Patients were classified based on pre‐operative ejection fraction (EF). Multivariate models were used to identify factors related to HF admission and mortality. Post‐CABG HF admission rates among patients with pre‐operative EF <35% increased over the 10‐year period (P = 0.02), but no significant trend was seen among patients with EF ≥35%. Independent factors associated with post‐CABG HF admission within 2 years were: EF, age, female gender, Black race, smoking, diabetes, renal disease, hypertension, and cerebrovascular disease. Pre‐operative use of beta‐blockers increased over the years (P < 0.0001) and reduced the risk of admission for HF by 13%, with greater benefit in patients with lower EF. Mortality remained unchanged from 1998 to 2007, averaging 1.8% in‐hospital and 5.1% and 7.2% at 1‐year and 2‐year follow‐up, respectively.ConclusionsPre‐operative EF is a strong predictor of HF admission within 2 years after CABG surgery. The use of beta‐blockers decreased HF admission after CABG, especially in patients with EF <35%. Despite the more pronounced benefit and increasing use of beta‐blockers in patients with a low EF, HF admission rates in this group of patients are rising. This suggests that more comprehensive management of factors associated with HF is necessary.