bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSYCHOSOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS RELATED TO DELAYED RECOVERY FROM CONCUSSION IN HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Hutchinson M , Comper P , Csenge B , Richards D 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundMost of what we know about concussions has been generated from research findings with adult subjects (i.e., athletes with uncomplicated, first concussions achieve full recovery within 7 to 14 days). Emerging research suggests that younger athletes may take longer to recover from concussion than their older counterparts. However, there is little evidence that quantifies the recovery-from-concussion process in younger athletes.ObjectiveTo describe recovery time and the contribution of pre-existing psychosocial and learning disabilities in concussion recovery in a population of high school students.DesignRetrospective chart review (January 2012-June 2013) of concussions where there was a documented medical clearance date to return to sport or physical activity.SettingSport medicine clinic. All concussions included occurred in subjects attending an all-boys' high school.Participants106 sport-related concussions were identified by chart review. 84 of the charts reviewed had definitive medical clearance dates. Of these, 33 (39%) of the students were identified with at least one of the following pre-existing conditions (PEC): Anxiety, Depression, ADHD, or Learning Disability.Main outcome measurementsDays to medical clearance.ResultsStudents were medically cleared to return to play on average 38 days following concussion (range 4–243 days). Signiﬁcant differences were identified between the group of students with PEC and the group without PEC. Specifically, Wilcoxon Rank-Sum tests (due to non-normal distributions) identified that the PEC group had significantly longer recovery times compared to those students with PEC (P=.03).ConclusionsHigh school students with concussions returned to full activity well beyond the currently accepted “normal recovery” period of 7–14 days in adults. In addition, pre-existing psychosocial and/or learning disabilities resulted in significantly longer recovery times. This information is clinically useful in post-concussive recovery assessment and education of patients and the team supporting their recovery.
LUMBO-PELVIC ANGULAR KINEMATICS IN YOUTH BASEBALL PITCHERS AFTER A SIMULATED GAME
Authors: Johnson R 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundA growing body of evidence may indicate that the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex (LPHC) has an influence on the function of the scapular and shoulder in overhand throwing athletes. Dysfunction of the LPHC may be related to shoulder injuries.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to explore the effects of a simulated game on angular velocity and acceleration of the LPHC in youth baseball pitchers.DesignRepeated measures within-subjects design (MANOVA).SettingControlled laboratory setting. Youth sports.Participants13 male baseball pitchers (11.2±1.0 years; 44.9±7.3 kg; 151.5±6.7 cm) volunteered for this study.InterventionsThe effects of a simulated baseball game without exceeding the participants' age-restricted pitch limit (35 to 65 pitches) under laboratory conditions formed the independent variable.Main outcome measurementsThe peak positive and negative velocities and accelerations of flexion/extension and axial rotation of the LPHC during the action (ACT) and follow through (FT) phase before and after the simulated game were the dependent measures.ResultsThe main effect of the simulated game was not significant. Univariate measures indicated axial rotation velocity during the action phase increased, Pre (M=540.2°/s,SD=97.8) Post (M=626.7°/s,SD=101.0),F(1, 24)=4.34, P>.049 game. All other LPHC axial rotation measures increased but were not significant at the P=.05 level. No significant change in the angular velocities or accelerations of LPHC flexion.ConclusionsIncreases in positive angular velocity and acceleration in axial rotation in both ACT and FT were accompanied by increased variation. This may indicate less LPHC control during pitches at the end of the simulated game. Further research on LPHC kinematics needs to be done to understand the role of the pelvis as it relates to the shoulder and kinetic chain.
INJURIES IN WOMEN'S BEGINNER FUTSAL LEAGUE
Authors: Kamiya T , Nakano K , Yamashita T 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundThe number of women who begin to play soccer and futsal is increasing rapidly in Japan. In particularly, futsal is more popular for beginners because few players are able to enjoy themselves indoors observing such a simple rule. However, injuries concerning with women's beginner futsal have not been reported previously.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to clear the characteristics of the injury in women's beginner futsal league.DesignThis study was investigated prospectively.SettingThe subjects were players participated in the women's beginner futsal league.ParticipantsA total of 465 players (38 teams) registered to women's beginner futsal league in Hokkaido (a northern region of Japan) for 2009–2010 seasons were investigated in this study. Inclusion criteria of the beginner were defined that the experience period for soccer or futsal was less than four years.InterventionsThis study was supported by the Hokkaido Football Association. Every team had an obligation to send the questionnaire concerning injuries after each game. This questionnaire was consisted of the injury characteristic, the part of the injury, the degree of the injury, and the how to treatment.Main outcome measurementsInjury rate was analyzed by the injury number/1000 player-hours.ResultsThe injury rate was 144.3/1000 player-hours. The most occurring injury was the ankle sprain that the injury rate was 52.6/1,000 player-hours. The incidence of the anterior cruciate ligament injury of the knee was 2.6/1000 player-hours.ConclusionsThe injury rate in women's futsal league was quite high compared with men and women professional soccer league. Interventions to reduce the injury should be suggested to the women who begin to play futsal.
ASSESSING REMEDIES FOR MISSING WEEKLY INDIVIDUAL EXPOSURE IN SPORT INJURY STUDIES
Authors: Kang J , Yuan Y , Emery C 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundIn sport injury epidemiology research, the injury incidence rate (IR) is defined as the number of injuries over a given length of participation time (exposure, e.g. game hours). However, it is common that individual weekly exposure is missing due to requirements of personnel at every game to record exposure information. Ignoring this issue will lead to an inflated injury rate because the total exposure serves as the denominator of IR, where the number of injury cases were captured accurately.ObjectiveTo compare 6 methods to handle missing weekly exposure of individual players.DesignData collected from a large community cohort study in youth ice hockey.SettingYouth ice hockey.ParticipantsPee Wee (age 11–12) ice hockey players.InterventionsThe 6 methods to handle missing weekly exposures include available case analysis, last-observation-carried-forward, mean imputation, multiple imputation, bootstrapping, and best/worst case analysis.Main outcome measuresInjury rate ratios (IRR) between Alberta and Quebec, as in the original study, three statistical models were applied to the imputed datasets: Poisson, zero-inflated Poisson, and negative binomial regression models.ResultsThe final sample for imputation included 2098 players for whom 12.5% of weekly game hours were missing. Estimated IRs and IRRs with confidence intervals from different imputation methods were similar when the proportion of missing was small. Simulations showed that mean and multiple imputations provide the least biased estimates of IRR when the proportion of missing was large.ConclusionComplicated methods like multiple imputation or bootstrap are not superior over the mean imputation, a much simpler method, in handling missing weekly exposure of injury data where weekly exposures were missing at random.
THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF INJURIES IN CONTACT FLAG FOOTBALL
Authors: Kaplan Y , Witvrouw E , Myklebust G , Nyska M , Palmanovich E , Victor J 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundAmerican Flag football (AFF) is a version of American Football that has become very popular worldwide, but lacks high quality research into the epidemiology of injuries.ObjectiveTo characterize the epidemiology of injuries in post–high school male and female athletes in the rapidly growing international sport of contact flag football.DesignProspective injury-observational study.SettingKraft Stadium, Jerusalem, Israel.Participants1 492 players,consisting of men (n=1 252, mean age, 20.49±5.11) and women (n=240, mean age, 21.32±8.95 years), participated in 1028 games over a 2-season period (2007–2009).Main outcome measuresAll time-loss injuries sustained in game sessions were recorded by the off-the-field medical personnel and followed up by a more detailed phone injury surveillance questionnaire.ResultsOne hundred sixty-three injuries were reported, comprising 1 533 776 athletic exposures (AEs). The incidence rate was 0.11 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.09–0.12] per 1000 AEs, and incidence proportion was 10.66% (95% CI, 9.10–12.22). Seventy-six percent of the injuries were extrinsic in nature. Thirty percent of the injuries were to the fingers, thumb, and wrist, 17% to the knee, 17% to the head/face, 13% to the ankle, and 11% to the shoulder.ConclusionsContact flag football results in a significant amount of moderate to severe injuries. These data may be used in the development of a formal American flag football injury database and in the development and implementation of a high-quality, randomized, prospective injury prevention study. This study should include the enforcement of the no-pocket rule, appropriate headgear, self-fitting mouth guards, the use of ankle braces, and changing the blocking rules of the game.
RISK FACTORS FOR RUNNING RELATED INJURIES IN NOVICE RUNNERS PARTICIPATING IN A 6-WEEK RUNNING PROGRAM
Authors: Kluitenberg B , van der Worp H 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundRunning is a sport practiced by many individuals. The positive health effects as a result of running are well known. On the other side, between 17 and 79% of the runners sustain an injury each year. Several studies examined potential risk factors for injuries, however, due to the often underpowered studies it is not possible to reveal the complex mechanism leading to a running related injury yet.ObjectiveTo examine the incidence of running related injuries and its determinants in novice runners.DesignProspective cohort study.ParticipantsNovice runners participating in a “Start to Run” course were eligible for inclusion. 1075 novice runners were included in the study and were followed during the six week running program.Risk factor assessmentBefore the start of the running course, all runners completed a baseline questionnaire concerning personal characteristics and sports and injury history. During the running program training information was monitored with a digital weekly running log. This running log was used to obtain running exposure and register running related injuries.Main outcome measuresA running related injury.ResultsDuring the running course 181 running related injuries were registered in 120 participants, which represents an incidence of 11.2%. The data on predisposing variables on injury development was not analyzed yet, but will be available at the conference April 2014.ConclusionDuring a six-week running course for novice runners, 11.2% of the participants will sustain at least one running related injury.
THE NORDIC FOOTBALL INJURY AUDIT: HIGHER INJURY RATES FOR PROFESSIONAL FOOTBALL CLUBS WITH THIRD-GENERATION ARTIFICIAL TURF AT THEIR HOME VENUE
Authors: Kristenson K , Bjørneboe J , Waldén M , Andersen TE , Ekstrand J , Hägglund M 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundStudies generally report similar acute injury rates when playing football on artificial turf (AT) compared with natural grass (NG), but the association between playing surface and overuse injury rates is rarely reported.ObjectiveTo compare (i) acute injury rates in professional football played on AT and NG at the individual player level, and (ii) acute and overuse injury rates at the club level between clubs having AT at their home venue and clubs with NG.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingMale professional football.ParticipantsAll clubs in the Swedish and Norwegian first leagues in seasons 2010 and 2011 were invited to participate. 32/37 clubs participated (AT clubs, n=11; NG clubs, n=21), including 1044 players.Risk factor assessmentFootball exposure and injuries on AT vs. NG. Clubs were further defined as AT club or NG club according to the surface installed at their home venue.Main outcome measurementsInjury rate expressed as the number of time loss injuries/1000 hours and reported as a rate ratio (RR) with 99% confidence interval.ResultsNo differences were found in acute injury rates on AT and NG during match play (RR 0.98, 0.79–1.22) or training (RR 1.14, 0.86–1.50) at individual player level. At club level AT clubs had higher acute training injury rate (RR 1.31, 1.04–1.63), and overuse injury rate (RR 1.38, 1.14–1.65) compared with NG clubs.ConclusionsConsistent with previous research, no differences were seen in acute injury rates when playing on AT compared with NG. However, clubs with AT at their home venue had higher rates of acute training injury and overuse injury compared with clubs that play home matches on NG.
SWAY AS PREDICTOR OF INJURIES IN CHILDREN
Authors: Runge Larsen L , Lund Kristensen P , Junge T , Juul-Kristensen B , Wedderkopp N 
Published: March 2014

IntroductionPoor postural control measured as sway performance is an intrinsic risk of injury and re-injury among adults. This has not been investigated in children.ObjectiveTo investigate the associations between balance, measured as sway performance, and the risk of both acute and overuse injuries in a population of children. Hypothesis: Excessive sway increases the risk of injury.DesignThe current study is part of The Childhood Health, Activity and Motor Performance School Study-Denmark (CHAMPS Study-DK II), a natural experiment with a prospective, quasi-experimental study design. The follow-up period between baseline measures of sway and registration of injuries was 1 year and 3 months.Setting10 public schools participated in the study, in the municipality of Svendborg.Participants1096 participants, 48.7% male, aged 8–14, mean age 11.2.Risk factor assessmentThe independent variable in the current study is balance measured as sway. Sway was measured on a force platform as centre of pressure path length excursion during four tests: Eyes open: Bilateral stance (test 1), unilateral stance on dominant (test 2) and non-dominant leg (test 3). Eyes closed: Bilateral stance (test 4).Main outcome measurementsPrimary outcome was overuse and traumatic injuries, with special emphasis on ankle and knee sprains. Complaints were registered by SMS-track on a weekly basis, and after a telephone interview, clinicians examined and diagnosed the children with complaints. Injuries were diagnosed using ICD-10.ResultsInjuries: 2276, traumatic injuries: 714, ankle sprains: 164, knee sprains: 42. Preliminary multivariate analysis taking into account competing risk showed significant odds ratios (OR) at test 1; A) 1.003 per cm increase of sway; B) overall traumatic injury OR=3.0, ankle sprain OR=5.5 for sway longer than 400 cm/minute.ConclusionChildren with an excessive sway has an increased risk of traumatic injuries, this warrants further research into treating reduced balance in children.
CARDIAC TROPONINS AND NATRIURETIC PEPTIDES IN RUNNERS: USEFUL FOR CARDIAC RISK SCREENING?
Authors: Le Goff C , Kaux JF , Fillet M , Mélon P , Cavalier E 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundCardiac troponins (cTn) are considered as the best biomarkers for detection of myocardial cell injury and NT-proBNP as the best for the cardiac insufficiency.ObjectiveOur aim was to compare cTnT and NT-proBNP levels before and after the stress tests, in sportive subjects.DesignProspective, cohort study.SettingAmateur marathon runners and ultrarunners.Patients28 subjects (26 men, 42.5±11 yrs) were enrolled.InterventionsSubjects ran the Maasmarathon (42.195 kilometers) and 33 subjects (33 men, 45.7±9.3 yrs) ran the Ultratour of Liège (Belgium; 67 km). All subjects gave their informed consent. We took blood sample before (T0), just after (T1) and 3 hours after the race (T3).Main outcome measurementscTnT concentrations were measured by high sensitive methods (hsTnT, Roche Diagnostics) on heparin plasma. The NT-proBNP was also determined with the kit Roche on heparin plasma. All statistical analyses were performed using Medcalc version 8.1 for Windows. P-value <.01 was regarded as statistically significant.ResultsA significant difference between hsTnT concentrations at T0 and T1 (P<.001), and between T0 and T3 (P<.001) for NT-proBNP have been observed, but not between T1 and T3. This observation appeared only after a strenuous exercise. However, up to now this type of exercise is not reproducible easily in a laboratory. Moreover, nobody knows if these observations would have cardiac consequences at long terms.ConclusionMeasurement of cardiac troponins by high sensitive methods allows detecting significant release of biomarkers from the heart during exercise. The value of NT-proBNP are also significant but less than TnThs. We think that the TnThs could be an interesting tool in the future to help sport medicine to detect risk of developing a cardiac problem in the future or a sudden death.
INJURY AND ILLNESS PATTERNS IN COMPETITIVE SAILORS OF THE 43RD ISAF YOUTH SAILING WORLD CHAMPIONSHIP – A 12-MONTH RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: Leong D , Vaz Pardal C , Tan B , Lin C 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundThe competitive youth sailor appears to be at risk for injuries, but there are few reports on their injury patterns.ObjectiveTo describe the incidence, pattern, and severity of sailing-related injuries and illnesses among competitive youth sailors.DesignRetrospective descriptive study.SettingPrior to and during the 43rdISAF Youth Sailing World Championship, sailors were invited to answer an interviewer-administered 12-month recall questionnaire.ParticipantsParticipating sailors of the ISAF World Youth Sailing Championship, 13–20 July 2013, Limassol, Cyprus.Risk factor assessmentThe following risk factors were studied: training load; participation in other sport; use of sunscreen/lifejacket; alcohol and drug consumption.Main outcome measurementsThe occurrence or non-occurrence of sailing-related injuries and illnesses; the number of injuries; the site, type, cause/mechanism of injury; and contributing factors to injury.Results287 (82%) out of 351 sailors completed the questionnaire. 50 sailors reported a total of 60 injuries. The rate of injury was 0.42 injuries per 1000 hours of sailing. The 3 most injured sites were the lower back (24%), knee (18%) and ankle (9%). The top 3 injury types were sprain (21%), muscle strain/tear (16%), and muscle cramp/spasm (16%). No associations were found between injury occurrence and age, gender, class, helm/crew position, participation in other sport, years competing, and training load. Medical care was sought for 17% of injuries, and 12% were considered severe. Of the nine illnesses, sunburn was the most common symptom (29%) and the dermatological system was most commonly affected (44%).ConclusionsCompetitive youth sailors report mainly lower back and knee injuries, similar to studies of elite adult sailors. Half of the injuries were attributed to overuse, while a significant proportion (31%) were acute. Compared to adult sailors, a higher proportion of youth sailors required rest from sailing, although they had less injury per 1000 sailing hours. This study informs future efforts in injury prevention and recovery in youth sailors.
INTERVENTIONS TO PREVENT SPORTS RELATED INJURIES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF RANDOMISED CONTROLLED TRIALS
Authors: Leppänen M , Aaltonen S , Parkkari J , Heinonen A , Kujala UM 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundThe effects of methods to prevent injuries have been studied in several systematic reviews. However, no meta-analysis taking into account all randomised controlled intervention trials aiming at prevention of sports injuries has been published.ObjectiveTo summarise the effects of sports injury prevention interventions.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.SettingSystematic literature search was conducted in September 2013 using following data-bases: PubMed, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, PEDro, Web of Science. The reference lists of retrieved articles and reviews were hand searched.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesSelected articles had to examine the effects of any preventive intervention on sports injuries, be randomised/quasi-randomised, controlled trials, published in a peer-reviewed journal. The outcome of the trial had to be injury rate or the number of injured individuals.InterventionsThe effectiveness of following interventions was studied: insoles, external joint supports, training programmes, stretching, protective head equipment, modified shoes, injury prevention videos.Main outcome measurementsThe number of injuries or injured individuals.ResultsThe systematic review included 68 trials and the meta-analysis 60 trials. Insoles (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.32–0.81), external joint supports (OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.30–0.53), and specific training programmes (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.46–0.66) appeared to be effective in reducing the risk of sports injuries. Stretching (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.80-1.06), modified shoes (OR 1.23, 95% CI 0.81–1.87), and preventive videos (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.44–1.68) seemed not to be effective.ConclusionsCertain sports specific interventions can reduce the risk of sports injuries. There were limitations regarding the quality of the trials, generalisability of the results, and heterogeneity of the study designs. In future, the mechanisms behind effective methods and the most beneficial elements of preventive training programmes need to be clarified.