bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavioral and neural differences during two versions of cognitive shifting tasks in young children and adults
Authors: Moriguchi Yusuke , Hiraki Kazuo 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThe present study examined how young children and adult participants activated inferior prefrontal regions when they were given different cognitive shifting tasks. Children and adults were given two versions of the Dimensional Change Card Sort task (the standard and advanced versions), and brain activations during the tasks were examined using near infrared spectroscopy. On the behavioral level, the performance of both children and adults deteriorated during the advanced version as compared to the standard version. On the neural level, adults exhibited similar bilateral inferior prefrontal activations during the advanced version and the standard version. On the other hand, children showed the significant differences of the activations between the regions during the advanced version, but not during the standard version. The results indicated that children recruited different inferior prefrontal areas depending on the demands of cognitive shifting. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 761–769, 2014.
Activation of X–H Bonds (X = N, P, O, S) with SCS Pincer Palladium Complexes: A Theoretical Study
Authors: Nicolas Emmanuel , Martin‐Vaca Blanca , Mézailles Nicolas , Bourissou Didier , Maron Laurent 
Published: June 2013

AbstractActivation of X–H bonds with SCS pincer palladium complexes featuring methanediide and indenediide backbones was studied by DFT calculations. Me2NH, Me2PH, MeOH, MeSH, PhOH, and PhSH were chosen as model substrates. Different products were considered for these addition reactions: simple adduct (X coordination), 1,2‐addition across the Pd–C and Pd–S bonds, 1,3‐addition (if possible), as well as oxidative addition at Pd. For the methanediide system, 1,2‐PdC adducts were predicted to be the most favored activation products. For the indenediide system, 1,3‐PdC and 1,2‐PdC additions are conceivable. This theoretical study suggests that methanediide and indenediide Pd complexes may be interesting candidates for catalytic transformations involving X–H bond activation, typically hydrofunctionalization reactions.
Coplanar Tetracyclic π‐Excess σ2P Ligands
Authors: Niaz Basit , Iftikhar Fatima , Kindermann Markus K. , Jones Peter G. , Heinicke Joachim 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe acid‐catalyzed reactions of 5‐methyl‐2‐phosphanylaniline (1) with dialdehydes were studied. Whereas the reaction with glyoxal provides a mixture of two 1H‐1,3‐benzazaphospholes, 2 and 3, by concomitant reduction of a CHO group and C–C bond cleavage, respectively, the reaction with o‐phthalic dicarbaldehyde provided in excellent yield the tetracyclic planar benzazaphosphole 4, which was characterized by crystal structure analysis. The active hydrogen atoms, delivered by aromatization of a dihydrobenzazaphosphole intermediate, forms an N–CH2 bridge by reductive N‐alkylation. Pyridine‐2,6‐dicarbaldehyde reacts analogously but not chemoselectively and, thus, gives two isomers 5 and 6. Condensation with pyridine‐2,6‐dicarbaldehyde afforded the bis(benzazaphosphole)pyridine pincer ligand 7, but along with 2‐(benzazaphospholyl)‐6‐tolylpyridine (8) by partial P–C bond cleavage. The high upfield 31P NMR chemical shift of 4 compared to those of normal benzazaphospholes indicates it to be a particularly π‐rich σ2P ligand.
From Cyclopentadiene to Isoxazoline‐Carbocyclic Nucleosides; Synthesis of Highly Active Inhibitors of Influenza A Virus H1N1
Authors: Quadrelli Paolo , Mella Mariella , Legnani Laura , Al‐Saad Dalya 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe synthesis of isoxazolino‐carbocyclic nornucleosides incorporating a quinoline moiety was tuned through nitrosocarbonyl intermediate chemistry, and a range of adenine analogues were attained through the linear construction of purine heterocyclic rings. The synthesis hinges on exo‐selective 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of quinolinenitrile oxide to the 2,3‐oxazanorborn‐5‐enes and simple elaboration of the cycloadducts. The nucleoside derivatives were initially tested for their inhibitory activity against a variety of viruses, including HBV, PTV and Flu A virus H1N1. High antiviral activities were found for compounds 22aA and 22bA in the case of Flu A H1N1.
Total Synthesis of (+)‐Strongylin A, a Rearranged Sesquiterpenoid Hydroquinone from a Marine Sponge
Authors: Kamishima Takaaki , Kikuchi Takuya , Katoh Tadashi 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA biologically attractive and structurally unique marine natural product, (+)‐strongylin A (1), was synthesized for the first time by starting from a known trans‐decalone derivative (19 % overall yield in 11 steps). The synthetic method involved the following key steps: (i) stereocontrolled hydrogenation of an exo‐olefinic decalin to install the C8 stereogenic centre present in the required decalin segment; (ii) coupling of the decalin segment with an aromatic moiety to assemble the desired carbon skeleton; and (iii) sequential BF3·Et2O‐induced dehydroxylation/rearrangement/cyclization of a decalin tertiary alcohol to directly produce target compound 1. This total synthesis has established the absolute configuration of the natural product.
One‐Step Stereoselective Synthesis of Trisubstituted Monofluoroalkenes from 3,3,3‐Trifluoropropionates
Authors: Lecea Mercedes , Grassin Adrien , Ferreiro‐Mederos Leticia , Choppin Sabine , Urbano Antonio , Carreňo M. Carmen , Colobert Françoise 
Published: June 2013

AbstractStereoselective synthesis of (E)‐monofluoroalkenes was achieved in one step by condensation of organolithium or Grignard reagents with 3,3,3‐trifluoropropionates. Highly functionalized monofluoroalkenes were obtained in good to excellent yields and stereoselectivities.
A component approach for the hysteretic behaviour of connections in cross‐laminated wooden structures
Authors: Rinaldin Giovanni , Amadio Claudio , Fragiacomo Massimo 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYIn this paper, a numerical model to estimate the dissipative capacity and describe the cyclic response of cross‐laminated (X‐lam) timber buildings is presented. The connections between panels and to the foundation (metal hold‐downs and angle brackets, and screwed connectors) are modelled with nonlinear hysteretic multispring elements taking into account the strength interaction between different degrees of freedom according to a predefined domain. The timber components (solid X‐lam floors and wall panels) are modelled using elastic shell elements. By calibration on experimental cyclic tests carried out on each degree of freedom, important features of timber connection behaviour such as post‐peak strength, pinching and stiffness degradation can all be considered. In addition, the effect of friction at the interface between panels and with foundation can be taken into account. These springs have been implemented as external subroutines in a widespread software package such as Abaqus. By comparison with the experimental results of cyclic tests carried out on single X‐lam walls, coupled X‐lam walls and a single‐storey X‐lam building, the accuracy of the proposed model is demonstrated. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nonlinear elastic and inelastic spectra with inherent and supplemental damping
Authors: Ray Tathagata , Reinhorn Andrei M. , Nagarajaiah Satish 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYDuring severe seismic events, structures designed according to current standards yield and develop inelastic deformations. While the acceleration responses are limited by the yielding strength, these structures develop permanent deformations (and possible damage) due to such yielding. Spectra developed for inelastic structures can help in determining the desired yield levels and the associated inelastic deformations. Some structures made of special materials or equipped with innovative structural systems may yield, but can recover the deformation upon unloading and, thus, may avoid permanent deformations. These structures are known as nonlinear elastic. Often the post yielding excursions are very large and may exceed their toughness (or deformability). By introducing damping in form of supplemental devices, it is possible to control such deformations and keep them within acceptable limits. Spectra for such nonlinear elastic structures and inelastic structures are developed herein, by considering both inherent and supplemental damping. The difference between the two types of damping is addressed both theoretically and numerically. Design examples of several simple structures using the newly developed spectra are presented, which illustrate the importance of lower strength and damping in these nonlinear elastic or inelastic systems. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of dysfunctional attentional control networks in visual misperceptions in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Shine James M. , Halliday Glenda M. , Gilat Moran , Matar Elie , Bolitho Samuel J. , Carlos Maria , Naismith Sharon L. , Lewis Simon J.G. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractVisual misperceptions and hallucinations represent a problematic symptom of Parkinson's disease. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these symptoms remain poorly understood, however, a recent hypothesis has suggested that visual misperceptions and hallucinations may arise from disrupted processing across attentional networks. To test the specific predictions of this hypothesis, 22 patients with Parkinson's disease underwent 3T fMRI while performing the Bistable Percept Paradigm, a task that has previously been shown to identify patients with hallucinations. Subjects are required to study a battery of randomly assigned “monostable” and “bistable” monochromatic images for the presence or absence of a bistable percept. Those patients who scored a high percentage of misperceptions and missed images on the task were less able to activate frontal and parietal hubs of the putative Dorsal Attention Network. Furthermore, poor performance on the task was significantly correlated with the degree of decreased activation in a number of these hubs. At the group level, the difference between processing a bistable versus a monostable cue was associated with increased recruitment of the anterior insula. In addition, those patients with impaired performance on the paradigm displayed decreased resting state functional connectivity between hubs of the Ventral and Dorsal Attention Networks. These same patients had significantly decreased gray matter in the insula bilaterally. In addition, a combined analysis of the separate neuroimaging approaches revealed significant relationships across the impaired networks. These findings are consistent with specific predictions from a recently proposed hypothesis that implicates dysfunction within attentional networks in Parkinsonian hallucinations. Hum Brain Mapp 35:2206–2219, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Building a Transfer‐Receptive Culture at Four‐Year Institutions
Authors: Herrera Alfred , Jain Dimpal 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis chapter reviews a four‐year university's role in developing and implementing a transfer‐receptive culture. In particular, it focuses on the first element of a transfer‐receptive culture by highlighting a series of visits by the chancellor of the University of California, Los Angeles, to community colleges within California.
AN AUSTRALIAN DISCRETE CHOICE EXPERIMENT TO VALUE EQ‐5D HEALTH STATES
Authors: Viney Rosalie , Norman Richard , Brazier John , Cronin Paula , King Madeleine T. , Ratcliffe Julie , Street Deborah 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYConventionally, generic quality‐of‐life health states, defined within multi‐attribute utility instruments, have been valued using a Standard Gamble or a Time Trade‐Off. Both are grounded in expected utility theory but impose strong assumptions about the form of the utility function. Preference elicitation tasks for both are complicated, limiting the number of health states that each respondent can value and, therefore, that can be valued overall. The usual approach has been to value a set of the possible health states and impute values for the remainder. Discrete Choice Experiments (DCEs) offer an attractive alternative, allowing investigation of more flexible specifications of the utility function and greater coverage of the response surface. We designed a DCE to obtain values for EQ‐5D health states and implemented it in an Australia‐representative online panel (n = 1,031). A range of specifications investigating non‐linear preferences with respect to time and interactions between EQ‐5D levels were estimated using a random‐effects probit model. The results provide empirical support for a flexible utility function, including at least some two‐factor interactions. We then constructed a preference index such that full health and death were valued at 1 and 0, respectively, to provide a DCE‐based algorithm for Australian cost–utility analyses. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Organizational Support for Action Learning in South Korean Organizations
Authors: Cho Yonjoo , Egan Toby 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe purpose of this study was (1) to examine the impact of organizational support on employee learning and performance and (2) to elaborate on the context of organizational support for action learning in South Korean organizations. For this inquiry, two central questions were posed: What are employee reactions to organizational support for action learning? And what are key elements of organizational support for action learning? Framed by organizational support theory (OST), this study involved a mixed methods research design, including (1) a survey involving 268 action learning participants and their supervisors from 28 participating companies asked to report their perceptions of their organizations' support of action learning and (2) one‐on‐one, semistructured interviews with 34 HR managers and executives aimed at elaborating on the nature of support for action learning in their organization. Study findings support OST and indicate that South Korean organizations support action learning in a variety of ways and that such support was a critical factor in the success of their action learning efforts.
Magnesium‐based bone implants: Immunohistochemical analysis of peri‐implant osteogenesis by evaluation of osteopontin and osteocalcin expression
Authors: Bondarenko A. , Angrisani N. , Meyer‐Lindenberg A. , Seitz J. M. , Waizy H. , Reifenrath J. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe functions of some bone proteins, as osteopontin (OPN) and osteocalcin (OC), have been discovered by the latest studies. This fact suggests the possibility of their immunodetection to characterize peri‐implant osteogenesis and implant impact on it. Cylindrical pins of Mg alloys (MgCa0.8, LAE442, ZEK100, LANd442) and titanium alloy (TiAl6V4) were implanted into the tibial medullae of 46 rabbits. Each group was divided regarding to implant duration (3 and 6 months). Bone samples adjacent to the implants were decalcified and treated with routine histological and immunohistochemical protocols using OC and OPN‐antibodies. OC was detected in matrix of compact bone, but very rarely in osteoid and bone cells. OPN was detected intracellularly and in osteoid. After 3 months, the highest level of both markers was found in titanium group, followed by LAE442‐group. In contrast to LAE442 and TiAl6V4, the other Mg alloys showed increasing levels of OC after 6 months. Lower levels of OP and OC compared to the control group are related to the continuous implant degradation and instability of bone‐implant interface in early post‐surgical period. Reduced marker's expression in LAE442 and TiAl6V4 groups after 6 months may indicate stabilization of bone‐implant interface and completion of peri‐implant neo‐osteogenesis. Declining characters of OC and OPN expression over the implantation time, as well as their lowest levels in late post‐surgical term, suggest a more appropriate biocompatibility of LAE442, which therefore seems to be the most preferable of the tested materials for the use in orthopaedic applications. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 1449–1457, 2014.
Effects of hyaluronic acid conjugation on anti‐TNF‐α inhibition of inflammation in burns
Authors: Friedrich Emily E. , Sun Liang Tso , Natesan Shanmugasundaram , Zamora David O. , Christy Robert J. , Washburn Newell R. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBiomaterials capable of neutralizing specific cytokines could form the basis for treating a broad range of conditions characterized by intense, local inflammation. Severe burns, spanning partial‐ to full‐thickness of the dermis, can result in complications due to acute inflammation that contributes to burn progression, and early mediation may be a key factor in rescuing thermally injured tissue from secondary necrosis to improve healing outcomes. In this work, we examined the effects on burn progression and influence on the inflammatory microenvironment of topical application of anti‐tumor necrosis factor‐α (anti‐TNF‐α) alone, mixed with hyaluronic acid (HA) or conjugated to HA. We found that non‐conjugated anti‐TNF‐α decreased macrophage infiltration to a greater extent than that conjugated to HA; however, there was little effect on the degree of progression or IL‐1β levels. A simple transport model is proposed to analyze the results, which predicts qualitative and quantitative differences between untreated burn sites and those treated with the conjugates. Our results indicate that conjugation of anti‐TNF‐α to high molecular weight HA provides sustained, local modulation of the post‐injury inflammatory responses compared to direct administration of non‐conjugated antibodies. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 1527–1536, 2014.
Seroprevalence of Seasonal and Pandemic Influenza A in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia in 2008–2010
Authors: Sam I‐Ching , Shaw Robert , Chan Yoke‐Fun , Hooi Poh‐Sim , Hurt Aeron C. , Barr Ian G. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractRelatively little is known about the burden of influenza in tropical countries. The seroprevalence of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009, seasonal H1N1 and H3N2 was determined in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Pre‐ and post‐pandemic residual laboratory sera were tested by hemagglutination‐inhibition. The seroprevalence of A(H1N1)pdm09 increased from 3.7% pre‐pandemic to 21.9% post‐pandemic, giving an overall cumulative incidence of 18.1% (95% CI, 13.8–22.5%), mainly due to increases in those <5, 5–17, and 18–29 years old. In contrast with findings from USA, Europe, and Australia, pre‐existing seroprevalence to A(H1N1)pdm09 was low at 5.6% in the elderly age group of >55 years. A(H1N1)pdm09 affected almost a third of those <30 years in Kuala Lumpur. Pre‐pandemic seroprevalence was 14.7% for seasonal H1N1 and 21.0% for H3N2, and these rates did not change significantly after the pandemic. Seasonal and pandemic influenza cause a considerable burden in tropical Malaysia, particularly in children and young adults. J. Med. Virol. 85:1420–1425, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of antiretroviral therapy on inflammatory markers of endothelial dysfunction in HIV treatment‐Naïve infected patients
Authors: Mata‐Marín José A. , Méndez‐Cruz René , Arroyo‐Anduiza Carla I. , Mata‐Marín Luis A. , Gaytán‐Martínez Jesús , Asbún‐Bojalil Juan 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of antiretroviral therapy on inflammatory markers of endothelial dysfunction in HIV treatment‐naïve infected patients. This was a prospective cohort study in HIV treatment‐naïve infected patients. The patients were assigned to a untreated group or a treatment group according to the therapeutic strategy received. Patients in the treatment group received efavirenz or lopinavir/ritonavir, each given with zidovudine and lamivudine. HIV RNA, CD4+ cell count, and the levels of hsCRP, sCD40L, sICAM‐1, sVCAM‐1, and sE‐selectin were measured before and 12 weeks after treatment. Fifty patients were enrolled: 13 in the untreated group and 37 in the treatment group; 48 (96%) completed the follow‐up. The mean (±SD) age was 33 ± 9 years, and 38 (79%) were men. The median pretreatment CD4+ cell counts were 263 cells/ml (IQR 118–341) in the treatment group and 658 cells/ml (IQR 475–887) in the untreated group. In the treatment group, the median serum sVCAM‐1 and sICAM‐1 levels decreased by a small but significant amount (1,400 and 228 ng/ml, respectively, P < 0.05) from before to after the 12 weeks. These levels did not change in the untreated group. Antiretroviral therapy is associated with a decrease in sVCAM‐1 and sICAM‐1 levels after 12 weeks of treatment. J. Med. Virol. 85:1321–1326, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nanocomposites of Poly(1,4‐cis‐Isoprene) with Graphite Oxide Intercalation Compounds
Authors: Galimberti Maurizio , Cipolletti Valeria , Mauro Marco , Conzatti Lucia 
Published: June 2013

AbstractInnovative nanocomposites are obtained by melt blending poly(1,4‐cis‐isoprene) (PI) and graphite oxide intercalation compounds (GOICs) with dimethyl di(hydrogenated tallow) ammonium (2HT) cations ionically bonded to the graphite oxide layers. GOIC samples with different contents of 2HT are prepared and homogeneously dispersed in the PI matrix. The X‐ray diffraction pattern of the GOIC shows an intense 100 reflection due to the hexagonal rotator order of the methylene sequences of long alkyl chains. Said rotator order is present in the nanocomposites, in the absence of any evidence of stacked layers, suggesting the prevailing exfoliation of the GOICs. The cross‐linking reaction promoted by sulfur is remarkably accelerated by the GOICs and the maximum modulus is enhanced. GOICs increase stresses at given elongations and the reinforcement under strain.
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Induction of G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis by the flavonoid tamarixetin on human leukemia cells
Authors: Nicolini Fabio , Burmistrova Olga , Marrero María Teresa , Torres Fernando , Hernández Cristina , Quintana José , Estévez Francisco 
Published: June 2013

AbstractFlavonoids are naturally occurring polyphenolic compounds which display a vast array of biological activities. In this study, we investigated the effects of tamarixetin on viability of human tumor cell lines and found that it was cytotoxic against leukemia cells and in particular P‐glycoprotein‐overexpressing K562/ADR cells. This compound inhibited proliferation in a concentration‐ and time‐dependent manner, induced apoptosis and blocked cell cycle progression at G2‐M phase. This was associated with the accumulation of cyclin B1, Bub1 and p21Cip1/Waf‐1, changes in the phosphorylation status of cyclin B1, Cdk1, Cdc25C and MPM‐2, and inhibition of tubulin polymerization. Moreover, cell death was found to be associated with cytochrome c release and cleavage of caspases and of poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase, and completely abrogated by the free‐radical scavenger N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine. The sensitivity of leukemic cells to tamarixetin suggests that it should be considered for further preclinical and in vivo testing. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.