bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthetic Studies Toward Harringtonolide
Authors: Ma Zhiqiang , Cheng Bin , Zhai Hongbin 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAn efficient synthesis of an oxo‐bridged 7/6‐bicyclic precursor that is potentially useful for the construction of harringtonolide has been realized through a [4+3] cycloaddition reaction. Meanwhile, an unexpected rearrangement reaction, which could be used for the fast assembly of spirocycles, was found during the double elimination attempts.
Why do chimpanzee males attack the females of neighboring communities?
Authors: Pradhan Gauri R. , Pandit Sagar A. , Van schaik Carel P. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTOur closest nonhuman primate relatives, chimpanzees, engage in potentially lethal between‐group conflict; this collective aggressive behavior shows parallels with human warfare. In some communities, chimpanzee males also severely attack and even kill females of the neighboring groups. This is surprising given their system of resource defense polygyny, where males are expected to acquire potential mates. We develop a simple mathematical model based on reproductive skew among primate males to solve this puzzle. The model predicts that it is advantageous for high‐ranking males but not for low‐ranking males to attack females. It also predicts that more males gain a benefit from attacking females as the community's reproductive skew decreases, i.e., as mating success is more evenly distributed. Thus, fatal attacks on females should be concentrated in communities with low reproductive skew. These attacks should also concur with between‐community infanticide. A review of the chimpanzee literature provides enough preliminary support for this prediction to warrant more detailed testing. Am J Phys Anthropol 155:430–435, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
First generation versus new generation drug‐eluting stents for the treatment of ostial/midshaft lesions in unprotected left main coronary artery: The Milan and New‐Tokyo (MITO) registry
Authors: Naganuma Toru , Chieffo Alaide , Takagi Kensuke , Panoulas Vasileios F. , Mitomo Satoru , Sticchi Alessandro , Latib Azeem , Miyazaki Tadashi , Sato Katsumasa , Costopoulos Charis , Fujino Yusuke , Montorfano Matteo , Carlino Mauro , Nakamura Sunao , Colombo Antonio 
Published: August 2014

ObjectivesTo compare the clinical outcomes following unprotected left main coronary artery (ULMCA) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of ostial/midshaft lesions between first and new generation drug‐eluting stents (DES).BackgroundClinical outcomes after treatment of ostial/midshaft lesions in ULMCA with first generation DES were favorable. However, to date, data regarding treatment for those lesion subsets with new generation DES have not been reported.MethodsA total of 219 patients with ostial/midshaft lesions in ULMCA treated with first (n = 139) or new generation DES (n = 80) were analyzed.ResultsThere was a higher prevalence of IVUS use (35.2% vs. 50.0%, P = 0.032) and postdilation (70.5% vs. 93.8%, P < 0.001) with larger maximum balloon diameter (3.81 ± 0.45 vs. 4.08 ± 0.44, P < 0.001) in the new generation DES group. At a median follow‐up period of 730 days, there were no significant differences in the propensity‐score adjusted analyses, for major adverse cardiac events (MACE) defined as composite endpoint of all‐cause death, myocardial infarction, and target vessel revascularization (hazard ratio (HR) [new vs. first generation DES]: 1.22; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.64–2.31; P = 0.549). Of note, target lesion revascularization rates at 2‐years were only 0.9% and 2.7%, for first and new generation DES groups, respectively (P = 0.339). On multivariable analysis, SYNTAX score (HR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.02–1.11, P = 0.006) and European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (HR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.00–1.31, P = 0.051) were independent predictors for MACE.ConclusionsThis study suggests that new generation DES for ostial/midshaft lesions in ULMCA are associated with favorable clinical outcomes, similar to those observed with first generation DES. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Predictors of non‐healing in patients with critical limb ischemia and tissue loss following successful endovascular therapy
Authors: Kobayashi Norihiro , Hirano Keisuke , Nakano Masatsugu , Muramatsu Toshiya , Tsukahara Reiko , Ito Yoshiaki , Ishimori Hiroshi , Yamawaki Masahiro , Araki Motoharu , Kato Tamon 
Published: August 2014

ObjectivesTo evaluate the predictors of non‐healing in patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI) after successful endovascular therapy (EVT).BackgroundOccasionally, wound healing in patients with CLI and tissue loss cannot be achieved even after successful EVT. Patient's co‐morbidities, vascular anatomy, wound features, and interventional strategies/outcomes are associated with the probability of wound healing.MethodsBetween April 2007 and October 2012, 182 patients with CLI (220 limbs) with tissue loss were treated with EVT in our institute. Of these, 164 individual wounds (130 patients, 149 limbs) out of 243 individual wounds were successfully treated. Successful EVT was defined as revascularization by achieving visible blood flow to the wounds, as evaluated by digital subtraction angiography performed just after EVT. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze predictors associated with wound healing.ResultsThe mean follow‐up period was 23 ± 18 months. The wound healing rates were 40.2%, 57.3%, 62.2%, and 70.7% at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months, respectively. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis revealed that insulin use [hazard ratio (HR), 0.541; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.329–0.890; P = 0.016], dependence on hemodialysis [HR, 0.429; 95% CI, 0.272–0.678; P < 0.001], and major tissue loss [HR, 0.460; 95% CI, 0.294–0.720; P = 0.001] were independent predictors of non‐healing after successful EVT.ConclusionsInsulin use, dependence on hemodialysis, and major tissue loss were independent predictors of non‐healing after successful EVT. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Electrochemical Stability of Ionic Liquids: General Influences and Degradation Mechanisms
Authors: De Vos Nils , Maton Cédric , Stevens Christian V. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe stability of ionic liquids is of paramount importance in selecting the appropriate ionic liquid for a well‐defined application. This Review provides an overview of stability issues, both chemical and electrochemical, and the underlying degradation mechanisms that are known. The influence of various functionalities on the stability of the ionic liquid, influencing both the cationic as the anionic parts of the ionic liquid, still requires several careful studies.
An Easy Way to Solvent‐Stabilized Metal Nanoparticles and their Application in Hydrogenation
Authors: Behr Arno , Lux Adrian 
Published: August 2014

AbstractDurch die Verwendung spezieller Metallsalze und Lösungsmittel als Vorstufen ist es möglich, stabile Nanopartikel‐Lösungen schnell und einfach zu synthetisieren. Die erhaltenen Lösungen können direkt in chemischen Reaktionen als Katalysatorlösungen verwendet werden. Mit dem Einsatz verschiedener Übergangsmetallsalze und Lösungsmittel von unterschiedlicher Polarität und Dichte steht eine Vielzahl von Nanopartikel‐Lösungen für katalytische Reaktionen zur Verfügung. Die Katalysatorlösungen können einfach recyclisiert werden und sind je nach Katalysatorsystem über Monate stabil.
Ionic‐Liquid‐Functionalized Polyoxometalates for Heterogeneously Catalyzing the Aerobic Oxidation of Benzene to Phenol: Raising Efficacy through Specific Design
Authors: Long Zhouyang , Zhou Yu , Ge Weilin , Chen Guojian , Xie Jingyan , Wang Qian , Wang Jun 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBy combining nitrile‐tethered pyridinium‐based ionic liquid dication with the polyoxometalate anion of Keggin H5PMo10V2O40 (PMoV2) through precipitation in aqueous solution, an organic–inorganic hybrid catalyst 1,1′‐(butane‐1,4‐diyl)‐bis(3‐cyanopyridine)–PMoV2 was prepared for heterogeneous hydroxylation of benzene to phenol with O2 and ascorbic acid as the oxidant and reductant, respectively. The hybrid catalyst not only gave the high phenol yield of 13.0 % under the optimized reaction conditions, but also exhibited high potential for reusability. The catalyst and its analogue samples were characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, electron spin resonance spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and nitrogen adsorption–desorption analysis. The structure–activity relationship is discussed according to the characterization and density functional theory calculation results.
The impact of transmission mode on the evolution of benefits provided by microbial symbionts
Authors: Shapiro Jason W. , Turner Paul E. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWhile past work has often examined the effects of transmission mode on virulence evolution in parasites, few studies have explored the impact of horizontal transmission on the evolution of benefits conferred by a symbiont to its host. Here, we identify three mechanisms that create a positive covariance between horizontal transmission and symbiont‐provided benefits: pleiotropy within the symbiont genome, partner choice by the host, and consumption of host waste by‐products by symbionts. We modify a susceptible‐infected model to incorporate the details of each mechanism and examine the evolution of symbiont benefits given variation in either the immigration rate of susceptible hosts or the rate of successful vertical transmission. We find conditions for each case under which greater opportunity for horizontal transmission (higher migration rate) favors the evolution of mutualism. Further, we find the surprising result that vertical transmission can inhibit the evolution of benefits provided by symbionts to hosts when horizontal transmission and symbiont‐provided benefits are positively correlated. These predictions may apply to a number of natural systems, and the results may explain why many mutualisms that rely on partner choice often lack a mechanism for vertical transmission.
FcγRIII (CD16)‐mediated ADCC by NK cells is regulated by monocytes and FcγRII (CD32)
Authors: Bhatnagar Nupur , Ahmad Fareed , Hong Henoch S. , Eberhard Johanna , Lu I‐Na , Ballmaier Matthias , Schmidt Reinhold E. , Jacobs Roland , Meyer‐Olson Dirk 
Published: August 2014

Monocytes are known to engage in reciprocal crosstalk with NK cells but their influence on NK‐cell‐associated antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) is not well understood. We demonstrate that in humans FcγRIII (CD16)‐dependent ADCC by NK cells is considerably enhanced by monocytes, and that this effect is regulated by FcγRII (CD32) crosslinking in healthy individuals. It is known that during HIV‐1 infection, NK cells are known to express low levels of CD16 and exhibit reduced ADCC. We show that immune regulation of CD16‐mediated NK‐cell cytotoxicity by monocytes through CD32 engagement is substantially disturbed in chronic progressive HIV‐1 infection. Expression of activating isoform of CD32 represented a compensatory mechanism for reduced expression of CD16 on NK cells during HIV‐1 infection. As a result, the regulation of NK‐cell‐associated ADCC by monocytes is skewed and eventually constitutes a novel factor that contributes to HIV‐1‐associated immune deficiency, dysregulation and pathogenesis. Our data therefore provide evidence, for the first time, that in humans monocytes act as a rheostat for FcγRIII‐mediated NK‐cell functions maintaining a well‐balanced immune response.
Mechanochemical Synthesis of SiO44–‐Substituted Hydroxyapatite, Part I – Kinetics of Interaction between the Components
Authors: Chaikina Marina V. , Bulina Natalya V. , Ishchenko Arcady V. , Prosanov Igor Yu. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe kinetics of the room‐temperature dry mechanochemical synthesis of hydroxyapatite modified by SiO44– ions has been studied for the first time. The changes in the composition of the reaction mixture as a function of the time of mechanical activation in a planetary ball mill as well as the composition of the final product have been investigated by X‐ray phase analysis and IR spectroscopy. Certain stages of the interaction of the reactants have been analyzed with the help of high‐resolution electron microscopy. The mechanochemical synthesis conducted in air is accompanied by the incorporation of carbonate ions into the apatite lattice, which results in the formation of B‐type carbonated hydroxyapatite. The apatite structure starts to form after 5 min of mechanochemical activation of the reaction mixture, and the final single‐phase nanocrystalline powder of silicate‐substituted carbonated hydroxyapatite is formed after 30 min of activation.
Copper(II)‐Coordinated α‐Azophenols: Effect of the Metal‐Ion Geometry on Phenoxyl/Phenolate Oxidation Potential and Reactivity
Authors: Kochem Amélie , Carrillo Alexandre , Philouze Christian , van Gastel Maurice , du Moulinet d'Hardemare Amaury , Thomas Fabrice 
Published: August 2014

AbstractTwo copper(II) complexes were synthesized from tridentate ligands involving a (Nquinoline,Nazo,Ophenol) donor set. The copper(II) ion is tetracoordinate with a chloride ion occupying the fourth position of the coordination sphere. Both X‐ray diffraction and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy reveal that the copper(II) ion geometry is square planar in 1. In contrast, significant tetrahedral distortions are observed in 2, as a result of the steric clash between the hydrogen atoms of the methyl substituent of the quinoline group and the chloride ion. Cyclic voltammetry curves of 1 and 2 in CH2Cl2 display a reversible oxidation wave at E1/2 = 0.59 V and 0.56 V versus ferrocenium/ferrocene, respectively, which was assigned to the phenoxyl/phenolate redox couple. Compounds 1+ and 2+ were generated and characterized by UV/Vis and EPR spectroscopy. Their reactivity with benzyl alcohol was investigated by kinetic measurements.
Zinc Salt Promoted Diastereoselective Synthesis of Chiral Propargylamines Using Chiral Piperazines and Their Enantioselective Conversion into Chiral Allenes
Authors: Periasamy Mariappan , Reddy Polimera Obula , Edukondalu Athukuri , Dalai Manasi , Alakonda Laxman M. , Udaykumar Bantu 
Published: August 2014

AbstractZinc chloride catalyzed reactions of chiral piperazine derivatives 4a–d with 1‐alkynes and aldehydes give chiral propargylamines in 67–95 % yields with up to 99:1 dr. The chiral propargylamines are converted into chiral allenes by using zinc bromide in short reaction times (1–2 h) in high enantioselectivities (up to 99 % ee) in good yields (up to 89 %). The chiral piperazines are recovered in good yields (79–86 %) by reduction of the imine byproducts in situ by using NaBH4. Unexpectedly, the chiral aryl‐substituted allenes undergo facile cyclodimerization under neat conditions at 25 °C, in contrast to an earlier report that cyclodimerization takes place at 80 °C in benzene, which further illustrates the importance of the two‐step procedure reported herein because the chiral propargylamine may be converted into chiral allene when required.
Mycotoxins: Simultaneous Detection of Zearalenone and Citrinin by Voltammetry on Edge Plane Pyrolytic Graphite Electrode
Authors: Nasir Muhammad Zafir Mohamad , Pumera Martin 
Published: August 2014

AbstractMycotoxins are highly toxic compounds often found in the food. It is of paramount importance to have analytical technique for point‐of‐care on‐spot detection for authorised personnel to immediately take the action required. Electrochemistry offers the portability for miniaturized sensor of mycotoxins. Here we show that edge‐plane pyrolytic electrode offers excellent selectivity and sensitivity towards simultaneous detection of zearalenone and citrinin. This will have a great impact for point‐of‐care mycotoxin detection.
Seismic response of nonstructural components attached on multistorey buildings
Authors: Pardalopoulos Stylianos I. , Pantazopoulou Stavroula J. 
Published: August 2014

SUMMARYThe maintenance of integrity and functionality of nonstructural components during earthquake excitations is of paramount importance since mechanical failure of those systems can have dramatic consequences in terms of property damage and life safety of the buildings' occupants. This paper explores the dynamic response of nonstructural elements attached on multistory buildings with well‐established floor diaphragm action. Depending on the type of support conditions, seismic response of nonstructural components may be controlled either by acceleration or displacement: Nonstructural components that are subjected to uniform support excitation are controlled primarily by the absolute spectral acceleration developing at their point of attachment on the supporting building. On the contrary, seismic response of multiply supported nonstructural components depends primarily on the relative displacements between successive support points that are imposed by the supporting building during lateral sway. These findings are illustrated from the analytical formulation and its solution through time history analysis of the governing dynamic equation of motion of the primary and secondary components of a system modeled using finite elements. The model encompasses the assembly of a multistory building along with a multiply supported gas pipeline network. It is shown that the dependence of the seismic response of nonstructural components may be linked to the deformed shape of the supporting building at the state of its maximum lateral roof displacement, thereby enabling the definition of design procedures for these systems. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effects of the amphibian chytrid fungus, insecticide exposure, and temperature on larval anuran development and survival
Authors: Rumschlag Samantha L. , Boone Michelle D. , Fellers Gary 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

Chytridiomycosis, a disease caused by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), has been implicated as a cause of amphibian declines. Susceptibility may be influenced by environmental factors that suppress the immune response. The authors conducted a laboratory study to examine the effect of temperature, insecticide exposure, and Bd exposure during larval anuran development. The authors examined the consequences of exposure to Bd, an insecticide (carbaryl or malathion), and static or fluctuating temperature (15 °C, 20 °C, 25 °C, or 15 °C to 25 °C 72-h flux) on larval development through metamorphosis of the Pacific treefrog (Pseudacris regilla). High and fluctuating temperature had negative effects on survival in the presence of Bd. Insecticides inhibited the effects of Bd; time to tail resorption of Pacific treefrogs decreased when tadpoles were exposed to carbaryl. The present study indicates that abiotic factors may play a role in the host–pathogen interactions in this system. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:2545–2550. © 2014 SETAC
A novel framework for interpretation of data from the fish short-term reproduction assay (FSTRA) for the detection of endocrine-disrupting chemicals
Authors: Ankley Gerald T. , Jensen Kathleen M. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

The fish short-term reproduction assay (FSTRA) is a key component of the US Environmental Protection Agency's Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program (EDSP), which uses a weight-of-evidence analysis based on data from several assays to identify the potential for chemicals to act as agonists or antagonists of the estrogen or androgen receptors (ER and AR), or inhibitors of steroidogenic enzymes. The FSTRA considers a variety of mechanistic and apical responses in 21-d exposures with the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), including plasma steroid and vitellogenin (VTG; egg yolk protein) concentrations, secondary sex characteristics, gonad size and histopathology, and egg production. Although the FSTRA initially was described several years ago, recent data generation associated with implementation of the EDSP highlighted the need for more formal guidance regarding evaluation of information from the assay. The authors describe a framework for interpretation of FSTRA data relative to perturbation of endocrine pathways of concern to the EDSP. The framework considers end points individually and as suites of physiologically related responses relative to pathway identification. Sometimes changes in single end points can be highly diagnostic (e.g., induction of VTG in males by ER agonists, production of male secondary sex characteristics in females by AR agonists); in other instances, however, multiple, related end points are needed to reliably assess pathway perturbation (e.g., AR antagonism, steroid synthesis inhibition). In addition to describing an interpretive framework, the authors demonstrate its practical utility using publicly available FSTRA data for a wide range of known and hypothesized endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:2529–2540. Published 2014 Wiley Periodicals Inc., on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Energy‐efficiency maximisation for cooperative and non‐cooperative OFDMA cellular networks—a survey
Authors: Castro e Souza Álvaro Ricieri , de Almeida Amazonas José Roberto , Abrão Taufik 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn this survey, techniques to enhance energy efficiency (EE) in orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems, with or without the utilisation of the cooperative network paradigm, considering also the features provided in the standards of modern cellular wireless networks, such as LTE‐Advanced and WiMAX, are discussed. For the non‐cooperative EE maximisation case, we summarise resource allocation problems and also describe some techniques that can be combined with the basic power/subcarrier allocation problems. When considering the cooperative OFDM(A) case, we first discuss four basic variables that arise with the relay station implantation, and after that, other features are also listed, which can be combined with the previously discussed issues. Finally, we review some of the standardisation documents available for fourth‐generation systems in order to obtain system parameters and simulation scenarios, discuss some methods to analyse and solve the optimisation problems that can be proposed with the aforementioned techniques and then point out important open trends and research challenges in the EE maximisation problem considering OFDM(A) scenario. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Energy efficient resource allocation for quantity of information delivery in parallel channels
Authors: Baudais Jean‐Yves , Tonello Andrea M. , Hamini Abdallah 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis paper deals with the problem of minimising the energy required to transmit a certain amount of information bits. If there is no constraint, in a Gaussian channel, the solution leads us to the use an infinite transmission time or an infinite bandwidth. In particular, the minimum required signal‐to‐noise ratio to transmit one bit is equal to −1.59 dB. To allow the development of new green communication services, a finite bandwidth and a finite time have to be used in practice. Thus, we focus on the transmission of a given number of bits over a set of parallel Gaussian channels when there is an energy constraint, and we have the goal of minimising either the highest transmission time (amongst the channels) or the average channel occupancy time. This is a resource allocation problem that is formulated by targeting a certain energy consumption factor, herein defined as the ratio between the energy required in the asymptotic regime and the energy required to transmit a certain quantity of information with limited (time, bandwidth) resources. The Pareto front for the joint optimization of the maximum transmission time and the average channel occupancy time is also derived. Several explicative numerical results of the derived resource allocation algorithms for energy efficient communications are also reported. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.