bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cooking resistant edible crickets-specific peptides for authenticity testing of meat products
Authors: Montowska M. , Szymczak A. , Spychaj A. , Fornal E. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
As consumer and manufacturer interests in edible insects and processed food with added insects are increasing, new possibilities for detecting edible insect proteins in processed foods have become increasingly important. In the present study, a proteomic strategy was applied to identify insect proteins and thermostable house cricket-specific (Acheta domesticus) peptide markers. To determine the limit of detection (LOD) for house cricket proteins, cooked meatballs containing house cricket protein powder (CP) as a partial pork substitute were investigated. The final concentration of CP ranged from 0.8% to 7.6%. The LODs for tropomyosin 1 and translational elongation factor-2 were 0.8% (w/w), whereas for apolipophorin-III it was 2.5% (w/w). Eight heat-resistant peptides unique to the family Grillidae (true crickets) and four peptides unique to the Acheta domesticus were identified. The results suggest that selected cricket-specific and processing-resistant peptide markers have potential utility in the authentication of the cricket formulations used in meat products. However, this has to be confirmed on different heavily processed meat products.
Observation of mating behavior using marked flies of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) under sunlight condition
Authors: Chiabotto C. , Grosso F. , Doretto A. , Meneguz M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In recent years, various studies have investigated the growth of the larval stage of the black soldier fly (BSF). Nevertheless, the biology and reproductive behaviors of the adult is still largely unknown. Expanding the understanding of this area of research will assist the optimization of breeding-systems of BSF. In this present study, the mating behavior of BSF adults under summer sunlight conditions was evaluated. The number of couplings were evaluated based on a variety of environmental parameters that may have affected the copula: temperature (°C), humidity (RH) and light intensity (lux). 1000 g of pupae were put inside a cage to obtain one hundred adults to put in each three experimental units. Each specimen was then marked with an individual code in the dorsal portion of the thorax using fine-tipped acrylic markers and for each fly the body length parameters were taken. Individuals of interest were subsequently marked; in the first experiment only females, in the second only male, and in the third both sexes. During the trials observations were carried out from 9.30 am to 5.30 pm. During this time the key behaviors evaluated are as follows: mating, mating failure, struggles, deposition, failure to lay eggs, and multiple mating. The rate recorded in the Male and Female trials was 16.5%, but the peak of copulas changed with the trials. Mating events demonstrated strong positive correlation between light intensity (0.73) and humidity (0.64), whereas a negative correlation was seen between temperature and matings (−0.59). A weakly negative correlation was seen between deposition number and light intensity (−0.34) and humidity (−0.41), while positively correlated with the temperature (0.47). Multiple mating events were seen 2 times for females and up to 4 times for male.
Drawing the Dragon’s Claw: China Declares Territorial Sea Baselines in the Gulf of Tonkin
Authors: Schofield Clive , Arsana I Made Andi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The Chinese Government issued a declaration defining straight baselines between Hainan and Vietnam on 1 March 2024. In doing so, it has completed the definition of baselines off the western side of Hainan through to the terminus of the China-Vietnam land boundary on the coast. Straight baselines can be declared where the coast is complex as a result of coastal indentations or the presence of a fringe of islands along and close to the coast. They provide a simplified baseline along the coast from which to measure maritime zones. Straight baselines can also push the outer limits of the territorial sea further seaward than if ‘normal’ baselines are used. This article outlines China’s recent announcement regarding its territorial sea baselines as well as the limits delineated from them and considers it in light of international jurisprudence and State practice on baselines. It is anticipated that China’s new baselines system will not impact on the already agreed China-Vietnam maritime boundary in the Gulf of Tonkin but that China will likely face criticism about the manner in which it has drawn these baselines although there is currently little prospect of a dispute reaching international adjudication.
Cabotage Law Coordinately Applied Based on ‘One Country, Two Systems’ in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao gba
Authors: Luan Yu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In order to promote the internal cooperation and coordinated development of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (gba), it is necessary to coordinate and unify the distinct legal systems involved, especially to provide uniform transportation laws and regulations between ports. However, if the gba wants to establish a coordinated and unified shipping legal system, there are challenges due to interregional legal differences. These differences are rooted in legal systems of the three regions under the basic national policy of ‘one country, two systems’ and apply differently, leading the difficulties in balancing different interests. To achieve the strategic position and target of the gba, a key area to improve is freight among the ports in the gba which form an international shipping hub. There are many ports with large throughput in the gba, and they are also big ports for cargos import and export or transit. However, the cargoes are without deregulated movement among them. Therefore, the problems of different cabotage laws in the three places need to be solved to make the positive effects of cargoes’ free movement be realized in the gba. A coordinated and unified special shipping scheme can be established in gba by application of the regional cabotage law. This has the potential to deliver consistency in cabotage law, thereby eliminating restrictions and thresholds, simplifying procedures and reducing costs, so as to enhance the overall strength of the gba and help it to become an international shipping super zone.
Indonesia: Law No. 16 of 2023, Related to the Continental Shelf
Authors: Yoga Pornomo Rovan Astri 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In April 2023, Indonesia passed Law No. 16 of 2023, related to the continental shelf which supersedes Law No. 1 of 1973 which was based on the 1958 Convention on the Continental Shelf. The new continental shelf law aligns Indonesia’s domestic legislation with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (unclos). The new law also reaffirms the practice of using separate lines for Exclusive Economic Zone (eez) and continental shelf delimitations and explicitly respects previously negotiated delimitation treaties with neighbouring States. However, there are some rules that might potentially diverge from the general practices of States particularly in relation to artificial islands, platforms, and submarine cables and pipelines. This article examines significant aspects and concerns associated with this legislation.
¿Cómo delibera y decide un estoico? How Does a Stoic Deliberate and Decide?
Authors: Doyle Sánchez Daniel 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This article explores, from an epistemic perspective, the scope of some key notions of the Stoic theory of action at the moment of a rational agent’s deliberation. It is argued that deliberation consists primarily in a critical examination of impulsive presentations (φαντασίαι ὁρμητικαί) and that indifferent objects (ἀδιάφορα), as carriers of a kind of selective value (ἀξία ἐκλεκτική), rather than a reason to act constitute a reason to believe (Klein, 2015). Finally, it is concluded that virtue, contrary to what has sometimes been interpreted, is not part of the deliberative process as one among other considerations about the indifferent because the moral value of virtue is incommensurable with the natural value of the indifferent. However, virtue enters decisively into deliberation insofar as the practical end of the rational agent is to reason perfectly (εὐλογιστεῖν) in full consonance with the demands of destiny.
Good and Bad on the Balance of Justice: ʿAbd al-Jabbār’s Ethical and Legal Norms
Authors: Opwis Felicitas 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Comparing ʿAbd al-Jabbār’s (d. 415/1025) ethical assessment of acts with their legal status, this paper draws attention to the complex manner in which he arrives at his definitions. The detailed analysis complicates the often presumed dichotomy between consequentialist and deontological approaches to ethics and between rationalist Muʿtazilism and theistic subjectivist Ashʿarism. It demonstrates that ʿAbd al-Jabbār employs both consequentialist and deontological perspectives. The paper argues that ʿAbd al-Jabbār’s definitions of “good,” “bad” and “obligatory” derive from taking God’s justice (ʿadl) as the standard by which he evaluates divine and human action, thus reversing analogizing from the seen to the unseen. Understanding an action as tipping the balance of justice in favor or against the agent explains ʿAbd al-Jabbār’s ethical and legal definitions of acts. It shows how an act of benefit for somebody else establishes a right for the agent and an obligation of restitution on the recipient.
General Ecology: Bataille in the Biosphere
Authors: Grimm Jon Auring 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
I present Georges Bataille’s general economy and trace to what extent it draws on Vladimir Vernadsky’s work The Biosphere and Friedrich Nietzsche’s power ‘ontology.’ I also situate Bataille’s thoughts within contemporary planetary thinking, such as Gaia theory, and highlight some of the potential in thinking global ecology in the light of a Dionysian understanding of the biosphere.
Addressing Democratic Issues in an Era of Education Capitalism
Authors: Malet Régis 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The economic agenda assigned to education on the basis of human capital contributes to the de-socialization and deterritorialization of educational action, and leads to a weakening rather than a strengthening of schools in their function as institutions of society. Yet, successive crisis contexts, whether they concern climate, security or health, contribute to a collective awareness of the importance of education and the transmission of democratic values in the construction of societies that are both more inclusive and more enlightened about the major challenges of the time. Our purpose is to explore and stress the global and decisive function of a democratic and humanistic education in accordance to these principles, to take the lead, in the troubled times we face, in the global promotion of a humanistic, inclusive and cosmopolitan ideal of cultures, education and societies.
Improving Education for a More Equitable World
Authors: Ghosh Ratna 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The pandemic has been a watershed in history, and we are embarking on a new era. We need to seize this opportunity to reimagine pedagogy in more ethical terms. This chapter asks: What does it mean to have equality in a world that is confronted with diversity and difference in multiple ways? Is education a human right? What is education’s role in removing inequality at a time when the gap in inequality is growing among nations and within societies? If we agree that “universal and lasting peace can be established only if it is based upon social justice” (preamble to the ilo Constitution, 1919, p.1), as educators we need to seize this historical turning point to make education the “great equalizer”. The focus then is on a worldview that is inclusive of all children in the learning process, irrespective of location and their differences. This change in perspective involves a paradigm shift, and underscores the importance of teacher education.
In an interdependent world, both peace and our survival are contingent on an equitable and cohesive planet. Education has the potential and the responsibility to prepare the future generation for responsible behavior towards a more equitable and socially cohesive world that preserves the environment and maintains peace.
Education Without Failure: Some Practical Proposals
Authors: Reynolds David 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A description is given of the present discipline of School Effectiveness and Improvement, together with a detailed description of the characteristics of effective schools. It is argued that our educational system still retains some unreliability, in spite of the use of this knowledge.
It is further argued that we should learn from the process and characteristics of Highly Reliable Organisations, who emerge in society when failure is not an option. It is also argued that present unreliability is costly, as evidenced in the volume of cascading errors such as Bhopal. We are now as strong as the weakest link in our populations both as people and in terms of materials because we are all connected together.
Enhanced professional development and focus, and a concentration upon the potential of cognitive neuroscience, are argued to be of further possible use. Education shows what can be transformative educational effects, with numerous empirical examples. Development of failure free schools makes it possible to further transform societies through their schools.
The 2013 Kneller Lecture delivered to the Comparative and International Education Society in Washington DC, February 2023.
Notes on Portuguese Publications Dedicated to International Law of the Sea in the 19th and 20th Centuries
Authors: Loureiro Bastos Fernando 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The doctrinal production of the ils in Portugal took place only from the eighties of the nineteenth century. During the 19th century and in the 20th century until the 1980s, ils matters were not subject to specialist teaching in the Faculties of Law in Portugal. Professor Barbosa de Magalhães, of the Faculty of Law of the University of Lisbon, particularly during the 1920s, is the only jurist with recognized merits who studied the ils until the 1980s. Professor Marques Guedes must be considered the “founding father” of academic studies of the ils taking into account his teaching on the subject from 1980s in the Faculty of Law of the University of Lisbon. The contribution of authors from the Navy, with an emphasis on Eduardo Serra Brandão, constitutes a very significant part of the ils writings published in Portugal in the second half of the twentieth century.
Resilience of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea: Reflections on Three Approaches
Authors: Tanaka Yoshifumi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
More than 40 years have passed since the adoption of the un Convention on the Law of the Sea (unclos) in 1982. There are many issues that the drafters of unclos may not have been able to foresee in 1982. The question that arises here is whether and how it is possible to address the new issues unknown under unclos. Here, resilience of unclos is at issue. In this regard, one can identify three basic approaches to ensuring resilience of unclos: (1) resilience through the interpretation, (2) resilience through the law-making, and (3) resilience through the jurisprudence. The first approach seeks to adapt unclos to new circumstances through the interpretation of the Convention and the second approach aims to amplify the rules of unclos through the law-making to address new issues. The third approach seeks to develop or elaborate the rules set out in unclos through the jurisprudence. By examining the three approaches, this article considers resilience of unclos in ever changing international relations.
Food Prices in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 1926–1945: A Historical Study
Authors: Alkhashil Maha Ali , Al-rodhan Nouf Rezeg 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This article addresses food prices in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the factors that influence them, and the measures that the government took to guarantee their stability during the period 1926–1945. The article’s timeframe coincides with an important phase of the Kingdom’s development, marked by efforts to promote the integration and unification between all its regions by fostering regulatory, financial, and economic unity within the context of limited financial resources. In doing so, it follows a historical analysis methodology, relying on a variety of source materials, among the most important of which are the local documents kept at the King Abdulaziz Foundation, the Institute of Public Administration, and King Fahad National Library.
The Role Played by the Merchants of al-Qasim in the Coffee Trade across the Arabian Gulf, 1870–1950
Authors: Alsharida Mansur ibn Sulayman 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This article traces the coffee bean trade from its spread in central Arabia, focusing particularly on two groups of merchants in al-Qasim. The first group includes those who migrated and settled in countries of the Arabian Gulf, Iraq, India, or elsewhere and engaged in the trade in food, including in coffee. They amassed wealth and established large trading networks in the Hijaz, the Gulf coasts, Iraq, and India. The second group comprises traders who traveled from al-Qasim to the ports of the Arabian Gulf to purchase foodstuffs and export them to al-Qasim and other regions of central Arabia. The article emphasizes the strong relationships among these traders, how they were linked by the coffee trade, and how this trade also symbolized the connection between Najd and the wider world, contributing to its integration into the global economy.
Introduction to the ARIEL Special Issue – ‘International Human Rights and International Economic Law: Interfaces, Challenges, Visions’
Authors: Binder Christina , Kriebaum Ursula 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The Introduction to this Special Issue gives an overview of the contributions that were gathered after the Conference ‘International Human Rights and International Economic Law: Interfaces, Challenges, Visions’ that took place in Vienna, in November 2022. The contributions explore the numerous interfaces between International Human Rights Law and International Economic Law which have become particularly evident in present times, among others, due to an increasingly interconnected economy, in light of the climate crisis, and as a consequence of the distortions caused by Russia’s aggression against Ukraine.
Regulating Seed Digitization: What Role for Seed Sovereignty?
Authors: Tamayo-Álvarez Rafael , Urueña René 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Applying new technologies to agriculture is considered paramount for securing a more efficient global food system. Digital Sequence Information (DSI), or the process of electronically mapping, processing, using, and exchanging the genetic information and traditional knowledge embodied in plant and seed varieties, has become pivotal for pursuing better output and food quality. Nevertheless, growing concerns exist regarding the effects of this practice. Intervening in the interphase between human rights and international economic law, this article suggests that the global governance of DSI should consider political demands for a global food system premised on human rights and environmental justice. By doing so, policymakers would contribute to dissociating the global food system from the commodification of nature, advancing instead towards a more just future for agricultural production.
Parallel Proceedings – Investment Arbitration and the European Court of Human Rights
Authors: Kriebaum Ursula 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This contribution addresses the intersection of international human rights law and international economic law in situations where investors can bring claims under both protection systems. It discusses why multiple proceedings concerning one set of facts may be problematic and identifies situations in which duplication may occur. It presents instruments that have been developed at the domestic or international level to prevent this phenomenon. The article analyses the case law of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) as well as of investment arbitral tribunals dealing with parallel or subsequent litigations. The conclusions set out whether the mechanisms used by arbitral tribunals and the ECtHR are adequate to deal with the phenomenon of potential multiple proceedings.
Shareholder Protection in International Human Rights and Investment Law
Authors: McMenamin Rebecca , Waibel Michael 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Foreign shareholders can avail themselves of legal protection under three different legal regimes: diplomatic protection, international investment law and international human rights law. Adopting a historic and comparative approach, this article tracks the faded role of diplomatic protection for protecting shareholders. It identifies the legal instruments that protect shareholders under international investment law and international human rights law, and examines how each regime protects shareholders to assess whether there is a genuine conflict in terms of protection. It uses the nationalization of the British bank Northern Rock as a case study to demonstrate the differing levels of protection each regime provides. Investment law gives shareholders the greatest protection: it protects a wider range of shareholders and, critically, allows shareholders to claim for reflective loss. While there is no genuine conflict, investment law and human rights provide remarkably different levels of protection to shareholders.
Traditional Legal Concepts under Fire? Business and Human Rights at the International, National and EU Levels
Authors: Platise Mateja S 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Over the past decade, business actors, in particular transnational corporations, have been increasingly called to respect human rights and environmental standards in their own operations and in their supply chains. However, the idea of obliging companies to respect human rights throughout their supply chains requires legal changes at international, EU and national levels that have proved hard to achieve. A common explanation for the slow progress in these areas is the strong lobbying of global economic players who successfully obstruct the necessary legal reforms. Conversely, the present contribution aims to show that one of the reasons for the slow progress in adopting the necessary legal reforms is that imposing such obligations on companies may challenge certain traditional legal concepts of international law, as well as the public, civil and criminal laws of many, if not most, countries around the world, and critically examines the response of different legal systems to these legal challenges.