bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Anggota Arisan Online Atas Wanprestasi Yang Dilakukan Oleh Pengelola Arisan Online
Authors: Widiatun Sulis , Dr. Susilowardani, S.H., M.Kn.  
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This research aims to analyze the regulation of online arisan in Indonesian legislation, using a conceptual approach. The main focus of this research is to find legal protection for online arisan members who experience defaults from online arisan managers. This research uses a normative legal approach, including an inventory of legal principles, legal systematics, and research on law enforcement both by institutions and in the process of legal settlement in practice. In addition, this research also examines the level of vertical and horizontal synchronization, legal comparison, and legal history.The research identifies that online arisan, as a modern form of traditional arisan, often experiences default problems that can cause significant losses to its members. This research proposes that legal protection for online arisan members can be strengthened through clearer arrangements in legislation. In addition, this study emphasizes the importance of judicial and non-judicial mechanisms in dispute resolution due to default. The conclusion of this research is that there is a need for stronger and clearer regulations to protect the rights of online arisan members. This study also suggests that the government and related parties improve their understanding and application of legal protection in online arisan default cases.
Keywords: protection, law, arisan, online

Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaturan arisan online dalam peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia, menggunakan pendekatan konseptual. Fokus utama penelitian ini adalah menemukan perlindungan hukum bagi anggota arisan online yang mengalami wanprestasi dari pengelola arisan online. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan hukum normatif, meliputi inventarisasi asas-asas hukum, sistematika hukum, serta penelitian terhadap penegakan hukum baik oleh institusi maupun dalam proses penyelesaian hukum dalam praktik. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga meneliti taraf sinkronisasi vertikal dan horizontal, perbandingan hukum, dan sejarah hukum. Hasil penelitian mengidentifikasi bahwa arisan online, sebagai bentuk modern dari arisan tradisional, sering mengalami masalah wanprestasi yang dapat menyebabkan kerugian signifikan bagi anggotanya. Penelitian ini mengusulkan bahwa perlindungan hukum bagi anggota arisan online dapat diperkuat melalui pengaturan yang lebih jelas dalam perundang-undangan. Selain itu, penelitian ini menekankan pentingnya mekanisme yudisial dan non-yudisial dalam penyelesaian sengketa akibat wanprestasi. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah adanya kebutuhan akan peraturan yang lebih tegas dan jelas untuk melindungi hak-hak anggota arisan online. Penelitian ini juga menyarankan agar pemerintah dan pihak terkait meningkatkan pemahaman dan penerapan perlindungan hukum dalam kasus wanprestasi arisan online.
Kata kunci: perlindungan, hukum, arisan, online
The Impact of Midazolam on Reducing Adverse Events during Bronchoscopy Procedures
Authors: Sher Ali Khan  , Muhammad Umar  , Zafar Iqbal  , Anila Basit  , Muhammad Imran  , Muhammad Waqas  
Published: August 2024

Background: Bronchoscopy involves the examination of patient airways by advancing a bronchoscope into the lungs. This procedure is essential for diagnosing and treating respiratory disorders but comes with risks such as hypoxia and arrhythmias. Effective sedation techniques are necessary to mitigate these risks. This study assesses the impact of Midazolam on minimizing adverse events during bronchoscopy.
Objectives: The aim is to evaluate the frequency of complications before and after IV Midazolam in patients who have undergone bronchoscopy. The secondary outcomes are the evaluation of the Midazolam’s systemic tolerability and safety in these patients, the rate of coughing and readiness to perform the procedure again.
Study Design: A cross-sectional study
Duration and place of study conducted in the Department of Pulmonology MTI/LRH from January 2021 to July 2021.
Methods: 102 patients were enrolled in this cross-sectional study performed at MTI/LRH. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: Of the patients, 51 patients received Midazolam while 51 patients did not receive any form of sedation. The participants included 50% males and the mean age of the participants was 45 years (SD=12). Comparisons of side effects profiles and the incidences of adverse events were made between the two groups.
Results : The rates of overall complications were higher in the Midazolam group where it was 10% and in no-sedation group it was 30%. The proportion of subjects with hypoxia decreased from 15% (the no-sedation group) to 5% (the Midazolam group). The relative risk of this was found to be 0. 3 indicating less occurrence of arrhythmias in the Midazolam group than in the no-sedation group; 3% in the Midazolam group while 10% in the no sedation group. The patients who used Midazolam to help them go through the procedure were also advised and confirmed that they had very little coughing and would attempt the procedure again. Further, Midazolam patients were examined to be having anterograde amnesia regarding the events that occurred during the procedure and the emergent side-effects.
Conclusion : It is beneficial in preventing complications during the process of bronchoscopy, enhancing patient care, and is less uncomfortable to the patient; midazolam has an amnestics effect which in a way is good for the patient. It is recommend for use in case of complications of the procedure should occur.
Maize plant height automatic reading of measurement scale based on improved YOLOv5 lightweight model
Authors: Li Jiachao , Zhou Ya’nan , Zhang He , Pan Dayu , Gu Ying , Luo Bin 
Published: August 2024

Background
Plant height is a significant indicator of maize phenotypic morphology, and is closely related to crop growth, biomass, and lodging resistance. Obtaining the maize plant height accurately is of great significance for cultivating high-yielding maize varieties. Traditional measurement methods are labor-intensive and not conducive to data recording and storage. Therefore, it is very essential to implement the automated reading of maize plant height from measurement scales using object detection algorithms.

Method
This study proposed a lightweight detection model based on the improved YOLOv5. The MobileNetv3 network replaced the YOLOv5 backbone network, and the Normalization-based Attention Module attention mechanism module was introduced into the neck network. The CioU loss function was replaced with the EioU loss function. Finally, a combined algorithm was used to achieve the automatic reading of maize plant height from measurement scales.

Results
The improved model achieved an average precision of 98.6%, a computational complexity of 1.2 GFLOPs, and occupied 1.8 MB of memory. The detection frame rate on the computer was 54.1 fps. Through comparisons with models such as YOLOv5s, YOLOv7 and YOLOv8s, it was evident that the comprehensive performance of the improved model in this study was superior. Finally, a comparison between the algorithm’s 160 plant height data obtained from the test set and manual readings demonstrated that the relative error between the algorithm’s results and manual readings was within 0.2 cm, meeting the requirements of automatic reading of maize height measuring scale.
Within-host adaptive speciation of commensal yoyo clams leads to ecological exclusion, not co-existence
Authors: Harrison Teal A. , Goto Ryutaro , Li Jingchun , Ó Foighil Diarmaid 
Published: August 2024

Symbionts dominate planetary diversity and three primary symbiont diversification processes have been proposed: co-speciation with hosts, speciation by host-switching, and within-host speciation. The last mechanism is prevalent among members of an extraordinary marine symbiosis in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida, composed of a host mantis shrimp, Lysiosquilla scabricauda, and seven host-specific commensal vasconielline “yoyo” clams (Galeommatoidea) that collectively occupy two distinct niches: burrow-wall-attached, and host-attached/ectocommensal. This within-host symbiont radiation provides a natural experiment to test how symbiont coexistence patterns are regulated in a common ancestral habitat. The competitive exclusion principle predicts that sister taxa produced by adaptive speciation (with distinct morphologies and within-burrow niches) are most likely to coexist whereas the neutral theory predicts no difference among adaptive and non-adaptive sister taxa co-occurrence. To test these predictions, we engaged in (1) field-censusing commensal species assemblages; (2) trophic niche analyses; (3) laboratory behavioral observations. Although predicted by both models, the field census found no mixed-niche commensal assemblages: multi-species burrows were exclusively composed of burrow-wall commensals. Their co-occurrence matched random assembly process expectations, but presence of the single ectocommensal species had a highly significant negative effect on recruitment of all burrow-wall commensal species (P < 0.001), including on its burrow-wall commensal sister species (P < 0.001). Our stable isotope data indicated that commensals are suspension feeders and that co-occurring burrow-wall commensals may exhibit trophic niche differentiation. The artificial burrow behavioral experiment yielded no evidence of spatial segregation among burrow-wall commensals, and it was terminated by a sudden breakdown of the host-commensal relationship resulting in a mass mortality of all commensals unattached to the host. This study system appears to contain two distinct, superimposed patterns of commensal distribution: (1) all burrow-wall commensal species; (2) the ectocommensal species. Burrow-wall commensals (the plesiomorphic condition) broadly adhere to neutral theory expectations of species assembly but the adaptive evolution of ectocommensalism has apparently led to ecological exclusion rather than coexistence, an inverse outcome of theoretical expectations. The ecological factors regulating the observed burrow-wall/ectocommensal exclusion are currently obscure but potentially include differential recruitment to host burrows and/or differential survival in “mixed” burrow assemblages, the latter potentially due to changes in host predatory behavior. Resampling host burrows during commensal recruitment peak periods and tracking burrow-wall commensal survival in host burrows with and without added ectocommensals could resolve this outstanding issue.
Assessment of the Drinking Water Quality in Shendam Local Government Area of Southern Senatorial District of Plateau State, Nigeria
Authors: C Chukwu Anthonia , P Zipporah Duguryil , N Gambo Nanbol , Lubis Sati , B Denji Kitka 
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Access to clean water is fundamental to human health. The importance of water to human’s health and wellbeing is encapsulated in the human right to water, reaffirmed by the united nation in 2010. The, aim of this study was to assessed the quality of drinking water in Shendam Local Government Area of Plateau State Nigeria.
Place and Duration of Study: The water samples were collected from Shendam Local Government Area of Plateau State Nigeria. 20 samples of the water were collected in the month of May from different locations within the study area.
Methodology: The samples were analyzed using automated instrumental methods prescribed by standard methods for the analysis of water and wastewater and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA, 2010).
Results: The results showed SO42- range from ND to 69.00mg/L; pH 6.93 to 7.69; NO3- 4.40 to 113.08 mg/L; PO42- 1.48 to 69.00 mg/L; Cd range from 0.002 ± 0.03 to 0.036 ± 0.005 mg/L; Ni, from 0.002 ± 0.010 to 0.162 ± 0.013 mg/L; Cr, ND to 0.337 ± 0.051 mg/L; Pb 0.012 ± 0.002 to 0.213 ± 0.029 mg/L. The calculated average daily intake (ADI) for Cd, Ni, Cr and Pb were within acceptable limits while the hazard quotients (HQ) for some of the metals were >1, while some are < 1 signifying that some of the population would experience non-cancer risks due to exposure to these metals in drinking water. The bacteriological study of the water samples also revealed that the water samples were all polluted with bacteria and coliforms.
Conclusion: From the foregoing, these drinking water sources, therefore require treatment before consumption to minimize or avoid the incidences of water-related diseases.
Study of Subacute Toxicity in Wistar Rats Challenged with Phyllanthus amarus Schum and Thonn
Authors: Dennis Kpomah Enyohwo , Bridget Kpomah , Stanislaus Okonkwo Chisom 
Published: August 2024

Phyllanthus amarus, a widely used plant in complementary and alternative medicine practice in Southern Nigeria, is used in treating and managing numerous metabolic disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. This study is designed to assess the subacute toxicity of P. amarus in Wistar rats using body and relative organ weight, renal function, in-vivo antioxidant status and organ histology indices as a baseline. The twenty adult male rats weighing 120.00 ± 6.18 g were apportioned into four groups with five rats per group. Group A (Control) received 1.0 mL of distilled water, group B received 1000 mg/kg group C received 1500 mg/kg and group D received 2000 mg/kg body weight of the crude ethanol extract. The extract from P. amarus was administered orally once daily at 8:30 am using an oral cannula attached to a 2 mL syringe. Subacute toxicity was evaluated after 14 days. The findings showed no visible and noticeable overt signs of toxicity throughout the experimental period, non-significant adverse change in body and relative organ weight, renal function and organ histopathology of the rats in the treated and control groups. However, P. amarus significantly improved in-vivo antioxidant status while significantly reducing the level of malondialdehyde, a biological indicator of oxidative stress in the living system.
An algorithm for approximating the L * invariant coordinate from the real‐time tracing of one magnetic field line between mirror points
Authors: Lejosne Solène 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe L * invariant coordinate depends on the global electromagnetic field topology at a given instance, and the standard method for its determination requires a computationally expensive drift contour tracing. This fact makes L * a cumbersome parameter to handle. In this paper, we provide new insights on the L * parameter, and we introduce an algorithm for an L * approximation that only requires the real‐time tracing of one magnetic field line between mirrors points. This approximation is based on the description of the variation of the magnetic field mirror intensity after an adiabatic dipolarization, i.e., after the nondipolar components of a magnetic field have been turned off with a characteristic time very long in comparison with the particles' drift periods. The corresponding magnetic field topological variations are deduced, assuming that the field line foot points remain rooted in the Earth's surface, and the drift average operator is replaced with a computationally cheaper circular average operator. The algorithm results in a relative difference of a maximum of 12% between the approximate L * and the output obtained using the International Radiation Belt Environment Modeling library, in the case of the Tsyganenko 89 model for the external magnetic field (T89). This margin of error is similar to the margin of error due to small deviations between different magnetic field models at geostationary orbit. This approximate L * algorithm represents therefore a reasonable compromise between computational speed and accuracy of particular interest for real‐time space weather forecast purposes.
Vertical gradient correction for the oceanographic Atlas of the East Asian Seas
Authors: Chang You‐Soon , Shin Hong‐Ryeol 
Published: August 2014

AbstractRegional climatology around the East Asian Seas has been developed by an international collaboration between the National Oceanic Data Center and the Korea Oceanic Data Center. It provides reliable information on temperature and salinity climatological fields with high resolution (0.1° × 0.1° by 137 levels). However, there is a problem around near‐bottom areas where topographic change is steep and observations are not available near the bottom. This study resolves this problem using a vertical gradient correction method when the profile is statically unstable. The stability is determined based on the Brunt‐Väisälä frequency with individual temperature and salinity profiles. Topographic‐following mapping technique employing the potential vorticity constraint term is used to construct a vertical gradient database for the temperature and salinity at every grid point. The results show that the correction is effective for eliminating large erroneous vertical gradients around near‐bottom areas. In addition, we show the importance of the optimal length scale to construct a precise vertical gradient database in a particular area such as the northern shelf of Taiwan. We expect that our revised high‐resolution climatological mean fields will serve as important data for relevant studies around the East Asian Seas.
Observed wintertime tidal and subtidal currents over the continental shelf in the northern South China Sea
Authors: Li Ruixiang , Chen Changsheng , Xia Huayong , Beardsley Robert C. , Shi Maochong , Lai Zhigang , Lin Huichan , Feng Yanqing , Liu Changjian , Xu Qichun , Ding Yang , Zhang Yu 
Published: August 2014

AbstractSynthesis analyses were performed to examine characteristics of tidal and subtidal currents at eight mooring sites deployed over the northern South China Sea (NSCS) continental shelf in the 2006–2007 and 2009–2010 winters. Rotary spectra and harmonic analysis results showed that observed tidal currents in the NSCS were dominated by baroclinic diurnal tides with phases varying both vertically and horizontally. This feature was supported by the CC‐FVCOM results, which demonstrated that the diurnal tidal flow over this shelf was characterized by baroclinic Kelvin waves with vertical phase differences varying in different flow zones. The northeasterly wind‐induced southwestward flow prevailed over the NSCS shelf during winter, with episodic appearances of mesoscale eddies and a bottom‐intensified buoyancy‐driven slope water intrusion. The moored current records captured a warm‐core anticyclonic eddy, which originated from the southwestern coast of Taiwan and propagated southwestward along the slope consistent with a combination of β‐plane and topographic Rossby waves. The eddy was surface‐intensified with a swirl speed of >50 cm/s and a vertical scale of ∼400 m. In absence of eddies and onshore deep slope water intrusion, the observed southwestward flow was highly coherent with the northeasterly wind stress. Observations did not support the existence of the permanent wintertime South China Sea Warm Current (SCSWC). The definition of SCSWC, which was based mainly on thermal wind calculations with assumed level of no motion at the bottom, needs to be interpreted with caution since the observed circulation over the NSCS shelf in winter included both barotropic and baroclinic components.
Water vapor isotopic composition of a stratospheric air intrusion: Measurements from the Chajnantor Plateau, Chile
Authors: Galewsky Joseph , Samuels‐Crow Kimberly 
Published: August 2014

AbstractMeasurements of water vapor isotopic composition in stratospheric air intrusions can be used to constrain the dilution of the intrusion as it mixes into the middle troposphere. The intrusion studied here occurred on 17 and 18 August 2012 with measurements obtained at an altitude of 5 km in the Chilean Andes at the Atacama Large Millimeter Array astronomical observatory on the Chajnantor Plateau. Surface ozone concentrations rose 16 ppb in 6 h and were associated with a potential vorticity intrusion on the 330 K isentropic surface. A simulated stratospheric ozone tracer reaching Chajnantor also supports the interpretation of a stratospheric intrusion. Beginning around 18:00 UTC on 17 August, the mixing ratio dropped from 3000 ppmv to 430 ppmv as the water vapor δD values dropped from −153‰ to −438‰ over 13 h while the δ18O values dropped from −20‰ to −63‰. The average mixing ratio, δD, and δ18O values during August 2012 were measured to be 1500 ppmv, −250‰, and −34‰, respectively. The minimum water vapor concentration during the intrusion was in the driest 5% of measurements made during that month, while the minimum δD and δ18O values were within the lowest 0.5% of measurements made during that month. Simple two‐component models of mixing between stratospheric or upper tropospheric air with boundary layer air fail to reproduce observations, but a three‐component mixing model, in which the stratospheric intrusion mixes with an upper tropospheric background air mass, as it mixes with boundary layer air on Chajnantor, matches the observations.
Risk of bleeding and adverse outcomes predicted by thromboelastography platelet mapping in patients taking clopidogrel within 7 days of non-cardiac surgery
Authors: Kasivisvanathan R , Abbassi-Ghadi N , Kumar S , Mackenzie H , Thompson K , James K , Mallett S V 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

Background
Patients often fail to stop clopidogrel appropriately before non-cardiac surgery. Thromboelastography platelet mapping (TEG-PM) can be used to measure the percentage adenosine 5′-diphosphate platelet receptor inhibition (ADP-PRI) by clopidogrel in these patients.

Methods
This prospective case–control study investigated the risk of bleeding in patients who had taken clopidogrel within 7 days of scheduled operation. Patients underwent TEG-PM to stratify their bleeding risk. Low-risk (ADP-PRI below 30 per cent) and urgent priority high-risk (ADP-PRI 30 per cent or more) patients proceeded to surgery. The outcomes of these patients were compared with those of matched controls. Regression analysis, with bootstrapping validation, was used to identify independent risk factors for bleeding and an optimal cut-off value of ADP-PRI for cancellation of surgery.

Results
From May 2008 to October 2013, 182 patients failed to discontinue clopidogrel. No correlation was observed between duration of clopidogrel omission and percentage ADP-PRI; 112 low-risk and 19 high-risk patients proceeded to surgery. High-risk patients had significantly greater intraoperative packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusion in comparison with their matched controls, and a strong positive correlation between percentage ADP-PRI and units of intraoperative PRBCs transfused (r = 0·749, 95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 0·410 to 0·940; P &lt; 0·001). Percentage ADP-PRI was the only independent risk factor for intraoperative PRBC transfusion (odds ratio 1·07, 95 per cent c.i. 1·02 to 1·13; P = 0·005).

Conclusion
An objective measure of platelet inhibition with TEG-PM, using an ADP-PRI cut-off of 34 per cent, can be used to prevent unnecessary cancellations, while minimizing patient risk.