bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of plaque disclosing agents on esthetic restorative materials used in pediatric dentistry
Authors: Hino Débora Maki , Mendes Fausto Medeiros , Guimarães de Figueiredo José Luiz , Gomide Katya Luce Moura Naves , Imparato José Carlos Pettorossi 
Published: April 2015

The aim of study was to evaluate the color stability of tooth-colored restorative materials usually used in pediatric dentistry after the application of two plaque disclosing agents. Twenty specimens of each material: a resin-modified glass ionomer, a composite resin and an ion-releasing composite resin, were prepared. Baseline color evaluation was performed, samples were exposed to the plaque disclosing agents: a basic fuchsin solution and a fluorescent dye, and new color evaluations were made. The resin-modified glass ionomer stained with basic fuchsin presented the greatest color change in the present study, and the fluorescent dye did not show statistically significant changes among the restorative materials. In conclusion, basic fuchsin dyes should be carefully used in children with a great number of tooth-colored restorations.
J Clin Pediatr Dent 29(2): 143-146, 2005
Oral defensiveness
Authors: Spira Geela , Kupietzky Ari 
Published: April 2015

Oral defensiveness is a relatively newly discussed cluster of behavioral symptoms with a theorized physiological basis, which may manifest itself during a child“s dental visit. Dentists aware of oral defensiveness and its distinct manifestations will be able to discuss with their patient“s parents regarding this condition and if necessary modify their approach when treating children diagnosed with oral defen-siveness. The purposes of this paper are to acquaint dentists with this controversial disorder, to increase awareness of its occurrence, and to suggest possible interventions for alleviating aversive responses to typical dental experiences when no other cause is apparent. A review of pertinent literature is presented. A list of characteristics and a list of other types of sensory defensiveness are also presented.
J Clin Pediatr Dent 29(2): 119-122, 2005
Enamel opacities removal using two different acids
Authors: Bezerra Ana Cristina Barreto , Leal Soraya Coelho , Otero Simone Auxiliadora Moraes , Gravina Danuze Batista Lamas , Cruvinel Vanessa Resende Nogueira , Ayrton de Toledo Orlando 
Published: April 2015

Computerized analysis assessed quantitatively the efficacy of microabrasion using 37% phosphoric and 18% hydrochloric acids with pumice on removal of enamel opacities. Baseline and after one month photos were taken and analyzed by Paint Shop Pro 7 software and Image Pro Express 4.0. Nonparametric tests were used. Results depicted significant differences immediately versus one month post treatment for both acids. It was concluded that both acids can be used, and as time passes enamel color improvement occurs.
J Clin Pediatr Dent 29(2): 147-150,2005
Intra-osseous lesions in Greek children and adolescents. A study based on biopsy material over a 26-year period
Authors: Skiavounou Dr. Odont Alexandra , lakovou Mana , Kontos-Toutouzas John , Kanellopoulou Antonia , Papanikolaou Dr. Odont Stavros 
Published: April 2015

Objective: The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the spectrum of oral intra-osseous lesions in a Greek population, consisting of children and adolescents under 18 years of age.Material and Methods: Data was obtained from the histopathological reports that accompanied biopsy request forms, which were retrieved from the files of the Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Athens, during a 26-year period. A retrospective analysis with respect to patients' age and gender, frequency and location of the lesions was performed. The lesions were classified into cystic (odontogenic and non-odontogenic) and solid lesions (odontogenic and non-odontogenic). The patients were divided into three age groups: a) 0-6 years old, b) 7-12 years old and c) 13- 18 years old. Results: 474 intra-osseous lesions were detected and represented 2,38 % out of a total of 19933 biopsies. Male/female ratio was 1,25/1. The majority of the lesions was located in the mandible (49,8%) and occurred in the third age group of patients (58,7%). Odontogenic cysts represented the most frequent intraosseous lesion (64,1%) followed by non-odontogenic solid lesions representing 22,5% of the intra-osseous population. The most frequently encountered lesions in descending order were radicular (36,3%) and dentigerous (18%) cysts, keratocysts (9,5%), apical granulomas (7,6%), odontomas (6%) and fibrous dysplasia (5%). Only 6 malignant lesions were reported (1,3%).Conclusions: This clinicopathologic study revealed that a broad spectrum of mostly benign bony lesions may occur during childhood.
Integrating Dental Screening and Fluoride Varnish Application into a Pediatric Residency Outpatient Program: Clinical and Financial Implications
Authors: Grant Jonelle , Roberts Michael , Brown Wallace , Quinoñez Rocio 
Published: April 2015

Delivery of preventive oral health services (POHS) has been embraced by many pediatric and family medical practices in North Carolina (NC). The outcome of implementing a state-wide Medicaid-supported oral health prevention initiative, "Into the Mouth of Babes Varnish and Screening Program (IMB), in an academic medical residency setting is described.Retrospective chart audit of encounter forms and collection of administrative records related to POHS provided by pediatric medical residents for Medicaid recipients less than 3 years of age at the University of North Carolina pediatric continuity care clinic over 31 months were examined. A total of 1,081 visits and 655 patients were documented during the study period accounting for 36.6% of all children aged 6-36 months seen in the clinic during the period of this study. Thirty-eight percent of the patients received one or more IMB follow-up visits. Twenty-nine (4.4%) children were reported to have one or more carious teeth and 94 children (14.1%) were referred to a dentist. The IMB program provides an oral screening, parent oral health counseling and application of fluoride varnish to the teeth at the medical appointment by non-dental personnel. Following a cost/revenue analysis it was concluded that a preventive oral health initiative in an academic setting provides an additional access to oral health preventative services for underserved children and contributes to the financial viability of the clinic.
The Prevalence and Surface Distribution of Caries among Schoolchildren in Ankara, Turkey According to their Dental Health Behaviors
Authors: Tuluno lu Özlem , Ulusu Tezer , Erdemli Işık Elgin , Tezkirecio lu Melih , Genç Yasemin 
Published: April 2015

The aim of this study was to classify children according to their oral hygiene behaviors at the elementary school, and to evaluate the effects of oral health behaviors on caries prevalence, and to calculate the number of carious teeth and the surface distribution of caries in school children during a 2-year follow-up period.Results shows that even in the presence of the acquisition of appropriate oral hygiene behavior during preschool period, dental professionals and educational system should supported oral health motivation in primary school. Key words: oral health behaviors, caries, prevalence, and surface distribution
Predicting the size of unerupted canines and premolars of the maxillary and mandibular quadrants in an Iranian population
Authors: Tahere Hosseinzadeh , Majid Shalchi. , Fateme Mohandes. , fard Kharazi , Javad Mohammad 
Published: April 2015

The aim of this investigation was to examine the accuracy of Moyers probability tables and the Tanaka and Johnston prediction equations in predicting the size of unerupted canines and premolars of the maxillary and mandibular quadrants in an Iranian population and to derive a standard formula for it.Methods. Out of a sample of 280 subjects, 50 (25 males and 25 females) were selected by specific inclusion criteria. An electronic digital caliper was used to read the nearest 0.01mm. The teeth measurements derived were compared with those predicted from Tanaka Johnston equations and Moyers probability tables and then standard regression were developed.Results. Tanaka and Johnston regression equations overestimate the mesiodistal width of permanent canines and premolars. There were no statistically significant differences between actual mesiodistal width of canines and premolars and the predicted width from Moyers charts at 65% for the lower and upper arches in male subjects and for the lower arch in females but none of the probabilities has good accuracy for the upper arch in females. For the newly developed regression equations, the correlation coefficients between the sum of the mandibular incisors and the sum of the canine and premolars were 0.709 (for lower) and 0.539 (for upper) in subjects.Conclusions: Tanaka and Johnston overestimate the actual size for Iranian teeth widths. Moyers method can be used at 65% probability level for male subjects and at the 75% and 85% level for upper arch and the 50%and 65% level for lower arch in female subjects.
An Analysis of the Antimicrobial Activity of Ten Root Canal Sealers - A Duration Based in vitro Evaluation
Authors: Neelakantan Prasanna , CV Subbarao 
Published: April 2015

Aim and Design: Sealers with prolonged antimicrobial activity are needed by the fact that microorganisms are commonly recovered from teeth with failed endodontic therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the duration of antimicrobial activity of ten root canal sealers (Apexit plus, Tubli Seal Xpress, Endoflas FS,Endomethasone, Endomethasone N, AH Plus, Epiphany, EndoRez, Ketac Endo, Roeko Seal) against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans by the agar diffusion test. The zones of inhibition were examined immediately and after 24, 48, 72 hours, 5 and 7 days. Statistical analysis was done using Kruskal - Wallis test and Mann Whitney U test.Results and conclusions: Against Enterococcus faecalis, Endoflas FS showed the largest inhibitory zones immediately and 24 hours after manipulation, whereas, there was no significant difference between Endoflas FS and Endomethasone after 48 hours. Against Candida albicans, Endoflas FS performed better than the other sealers. All the sealers (except AH Plus, Epiphany and Roeko Seal) demonstrated higher antimicrobial action in the first 24 hours after manipulation The antimicrobial action of all the sealers (except AH Plus and Roeko Seal which showed no antimicrobial activity in any studied time and Epiphany which ceased to show any antimicrobial action after 24 hours) decreased significantly with time.
Reimplantation of an Inverted Maxillary Premolar: Case Report of a Multidiscplinary Treatment Approach
Authors: Ulusoy Ayca , Akkocaoglu Murat , Akan Seden , Kocadereli Ilken , Cehreli Zafer 
Published: April 2015

Inversion of premolars is an extremely rare condition, which usually requires extraction. This case report describes the inversion of an impacted maxillary second premolar in an 11-year-old male, and the multidisciplinary treatment approach for bringing the tooth into a normal position within the arch. In order to provide sufficient space for surgical reimplantation of the tooth, the mesially-drifted neighbouring maxillary first molar was first endodontically treated, followed by orthodontic distalization of the tooth. The inverted tooth was removed surgically and reimplanted without the use of splints for stabilization. After a 12-month follow-up period, the tooth maintained its vitality without any root resorption.Reimplantation of impacted inverted premolars can be a viable treatment alternative to extraction
Accuracy of an Electronic Apex Locator: A Clinical Evaluation in Primary Molars with and without Resorption
Authors: Enes Odabaş Mesut , Bodur Haluk , Tulunoğlu Özlem , Alaç am Alev 
Published: April 2015

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of electronic apex locator (Root ZX) in primary teeth with and without apical root resorption in vivo.Study Design: The electronic working length was determined in 28 primary teeth (A total of 46 primary molar root canals with 24 roots without resorption and 22 roots with resorption) from twenty-eight healthy children using Root ZX. The teeth were then extracted. The actual length of each root was measured placing a K-File until the tip was visible at the apical foramen or the apical resorption level and approved with digital microscopic evaluation under 20× magnification and then withdrawn 1 mm. The distances from the file tip to the base of the rubber stop were measured and compared with the measurement obtained from apex locator. The data were evaluated with t test using standard statistical software (SPSS 13.0). The critical value of statistical significance was 5%. Results: For root canals without resorption, the accuracy of Root ZX was 79.16% and 95.82% within ± 0.5 and ± 1 mm, respectively. For root canals with resorption,the accuracy of Root ZX was 63.63% and 86.35% within ± 0.5 and ± 1 mm, respectively. No statistically significant differences were detect between the electronically determined lengths and the actual lengths regardless of whether or not resorption. Conclusion: Using a Root ZX Electronic Apex Locator in primary teeth with or without resorption is recommended for the determination of working length.
Suspended Solids Specifications for Water Injection from Coreflood Tests
Authors: Eylander J. G. R. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
A method, which is based on the results of laboratory core-flood tests, is proposed for predicting the injectivity decline rate of water injectors. The method aims to provide design specifications for water treatment and injection facilities and procedures with which well injectivity behaviour can be analysed.
A mathematical approach is outlined which describes impairment behaviour in terms of core plug filtration characteristics. The experimental procedure for isolating essential filter-cake properties required for the decline rate calculations consists of core flood tests at simulated inflow conditions done in conjunction with solids' characterisation via Coulter counter analysis of the injection water. When the extent and mechanism of plugging and also the filter-cake properties in terms of permeability and porosity have been established, it becomes possible to predict an injection well's half-life in relation to injection water quality.
To illustrate the results that can be obtained with the proposed method, data from core-flood tests are used to construct injectivity decline rate curves for an arbitrary injection well.
A Mathematical Model for the Scale Inhibitor Squeeze Process
Authors: Hong S-A. , Shuler P. J. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT
A mathematical model was developed to describe the scale inhibitor adsorption squeeze process. The objective of this study was to create a tool that will predict the duration of a squeeze treatment, given the operating parameters and the rock and inhibitor properties.
Assuming there is local equilibrium between the inhibitor in solution and on the rock, the mathematical model was solved analytically via the method of characteristics. Algebraic equations were derived to calculate the scale inhibitor concentration in the produced water and the squeeze lifetime. The validity of the model is demonstrated by comparing its predictions with field and laboratory data. Sensitivity of the squeeze lifetime to variables associated with the process is presented. One important conclusion is that scale inhibitors should be screened on the basis of their adsorption characteristics as well as their effectiveness at low concentrations in preventing scale formation.
Finally, the complete mathematical model, which allows for time-dependent adsorption/desorption of the inhibitor, is solved numerically. Accurate predictions of the squeeze process require incorporation of these kinetic effects when the residence time is short compared to the time required to reach equilibrium. As demonstrated here, this can be significant especially in laboratory tests performed to measure squeeze lifetime. Scaling-up laboratory results for the field should be done with caution because these kinetic effects tend to increase squeeze lifetime. The equilibrium model gives the most conservative prediction of squeeze lifetime.
CO2 Generation During Steamflooding: A Geologically Based Kinetic Theory That Includes Carbon Isotope Effects and Application to High-Temperature Steamfloods
Authors: Cathles L. M. , Schoell M. , Simon R. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT
CO2 is commonly produced during steamflooding. In the higher temperature steamfloods the amount of CO2 produced is such that the only viable source is carbonate minerals. It is shown by reference to CO2 concentrations in natural geothermal systems that in most common rocks and sediments, CO2 will be naturally generated under hydrothermal (~300°C) conditions by the dissolution of carbonate minerals. The solubility of CO2 is a strong positive function of temperature and, at 300°C, is more than sufficient to account for high CO2 concentrations such as those encountered at Chevron's Buena Vista Hills (B.V. Hills) steamflood pilot test. A linear kinetic model Is developed to describe chemical equilibration and the generation of CO2 in the hot parts of the reservoir. The model also describes the precipitation of CO2 in the cooler parts of the rock formation where the fluid moves ahead of the thermal front. Changes in Carbon isotope concentration are included in the model. The small difference between the 13C in the produced gas and the source carbonates at B.V. Hills suggests little CO2 is precipitated as carbonate within that reservoir – a prediction that can be tested by post-steamflood coring.
An Experimental Investigation into the Effect of Chemical Type on CO2/Heavy-Hydrocarbon Phase Behavior
Authors: Wilburn D. L. , Bankston B. A. , Monger T. G. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
This paper provides PVT and compositional data for seven CO2/synthetic-oil systems. The oils were composed of light paraffins plus heavy hydrocarbons selected from one or two of the three main chemical types; namely, paraffins, naphthenes, and aromatics. The PVT data were used to generate pressure-composition phase diagrams and swelling index profiles. The compositional data were smoothed to produce equilibrium phase compositions, K-values, and extraction indexes. Results for the different oils are contrasted using the comparison basis of equivalent molar averaged normal boiling point. This parameter is easy to calculate and provides a means by which chemical effects can be quantified in the presence of oil volatility effects.
The results demonstrate that two oil compositional effects control the extent of hydrocarbon extraction by CO2, and subsequently the development of CO2/synthetic-oil miscibility. The major effect is usually the oil volatility, but effects of hydrocarbon chemical type can be dominant. For example, a paraffinic-aromatic synthetic oil exhibited considerably greater miscibility with CO2 than a paraffinic-naphthenic synthetic oil of similar molecular weight and volatility. The substitution of naphthenes into a paraffinic mixture resulted in no appreciable increase in CO2 solubility for the heavy paraffins present, even though the volatility of the oil was increased. A similar substitution of aromatics enhanced the extraction of heavy paraffins by CO2. The data suggest a trend for the influence of chemical type on oil miscibility with CO2; namely, paraffins are beneficial, aromatics are nearly as beneficial as paraffins, and naphthenes are detrimental. The effect of chemical type on oil swelling is also significant. At near-miscible conditions, swelling was most extensive in the presence of aromatics. Swelling was insensitive to paraffins, with naphthenes showing intermediate behavior. The results also illustrate that near-critical liquid-liquid K-values exhibit trends similar to those reported in the literature for liquid-vapor K-values.
Towards the Preservation of the Scientific Memory
Authors: Matthews Brian , Crompton Shirley , Jones Catherine , Lambert Simon 
Published: April 2015

In this paper we consider the requirements for preserving the memory of science.Â This is becoming more challenging as data volumes and rates continue to increase.Â Further, to capture a full picture of the scientific memory we need to move beyond the bit preservation challenge to consider how to capture research in context, represent the meaning of the data, and how to interpret data in relation to other scientific artefacts distributed in multiple information spaces. We review the progress of scientific research into the digital preservation of science over the last decade, emphasising in particular the research and development programme of STFC. We conclude with a number of observations into the future directions of research and also the practical deployment of policy and infrastructure to effectively preserve the scientific memory.
Optical properties and weakening of elastic moduli with increasing glass transition temperature (T
g) in (80–x)TeO2-xBaO-20ZnO glasses
Authors: Ismail Muliana , Supardan Siti Nurbaya , Yahya Ahmad Kamal , Abd-Shukor Roslan 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
BaO addition to ternary (80–x)TeO2-20ZnO-xBaO (x = 0–20 mol.%) glasses resulted in a decrease in ultrasonic velocities and independent elastic moduli; this result indicated that the rigidity of the glass network weakened possibly because non-bridging oxygen increased. Thermal analysis results showed that glass transition temperature increased as BaO content increased because of the stabilizing effect of Ba2+ on the glass network. Additional analyses using bulk compression and ring deformation models revealed that the ratio between theoretical bulk modulus and experimental bulk modulus increased; this result indicated that the compression mechanism mainly involved isotropic ring compression. Furthermore, the increase in non-bridging oxygen formation with BaO addition caused a decrease in optical energy gap and an increase in refractive index. An increase in Urbach energy indicated that the degree of disorder in the glass system also increased.
Können Windwurfschäden vermindert werden? Eine Analyse von Einflussgrössen
Authors: Hanewinkel Marc , Albrecht Axel , Schmidt Matthias 
Published: April 2015

Can windthrow damage be minimized? An analysis of predictors
The paper deals with different influencing factors that determine storm damage to forests and the question how this damage can be minimized. The influence factors include tree-related parameters like species, tree height and h/d-relation, terrain-related parameters (encompassing wind speed and soil condition), and type of forest management as well as stand structure. The analysis of a multitude of studies including empirical as well as mechanistic models reveals that coniferous species, especially Norway spruce, show a higher vulnerability towards storm damage than broadleaves. Many investigations point at a significant influence of tree height on storm damage probability, while the h/d-value does not have the same importance. Besides that, the influence of management operations, stand structure and surrounding forest stands as well as the vulnerability of selection forests (“plenter forest”) are analysed. Silvicultural treatment, mostly timing and intensity of the interventions, plays a role for determining damage severity, as well as soil water content (waterlogged soils) and exposure towards the main wind direction. Plenter forests appeared not to be very vulnerable to storm damage in the existing investigations in Switzerland, however, due to the lack of sufficient data, a general superiority of these uneven-aged forests compared to even-aged ones cannot be proved at the moment. Based on a discussion on the importance of the different parameters, measures to reduce storm damage to forests are discussed. Hereby mainly the choice of tree species, the limitation of the dominant height of forest stands as well as early and intensive thinning are investigated.