bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender, emotionality, and victim impact statements
Authors: Peace Kristine A. , Forrester Deanna L. 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThe present study aims to examine the influence of emotional content and gender pertaining to victim impact statements (VIS) on sentencing outcomes.Design/methodology/approachThe authors used a 2 (emotionality)×2 (participant gender)×2 (victim gender)×2 (statement gender) factorial design. Participants (n=715) read a crime vignette and corresponding VIS, and completed questionnaires pertaining to sentencing recommendations, legal attitudes, and levels of emotional empathy (counterbalanced).FindingsResults indicated that participant gender was related to the emotional appeal of the VIS, and ratings of punishment severity. Emotional empathy was positively associated with perceptions of credibility and emotionality. Higher legal attitudes scores were positively correlated with higher minimum sentences, ratings of credibility, emotional appeal, as well as more severe punishments.Originality/valueThis study has important implications with respect to perceptions of VIS in relation to how emotional they are, who the victim is, who the statement is written by, and who hears the statement. Given the lack of previous research in this area, the study provides data that warrant further investigation.
Responsible negotiation: exploring the forest beyond the tree
Authors: Lempereur Alain 
Published: September 2012

PurposeExploring responsible negotiation is like discovering the forest beyond the tree. The purpose of this paper is to develop seven steps that might be needed for negotiators to become more responsible. These steps take into account the people at the table, but also those behind and beyond the table, and those needed to sign, ratify and also implement the deal. A broad responsibility should also integrate legal, moral, systemic and environmental constraints, as well as the future of the next generation.Design/methodology/approachNegotiation techniques may serve any goal, and therefore lead to irresponsible processes and outcomes. A selected review of the literature on negotiation theory is explored, and its current concepts are complemented to integrate responsibility.FindingsIn total, seven levels of responsibility can be identified for negotiation: towards oneself, the other, respective principals, implementers, absentees, legal compliance, moral norms and values, and the next generation.Research limitations/implicationsIt is not clear if responsibility for negotiators should be studied in terms of degrees on a continuum towards heightened responsibility, or if a negotiator should pass the seven‐step test to be considered responsible.Practical implicationsNegotiation skills are essential for leaders, who negotiate every day. Too often, however, negotiators' measure of success does not integrate responsibility.Social implicationsNegotiation involves social interactions, but is often conceived as a self‐centered process, and at best as a dual or two‐level game. It is essential to show how negotiations have social implications that go much beyond these close interpersonal interactions.Originality/valueThere is no other structured article on “responsible negotiation” – which means the paper fills a gap in the management literature. It is indispensable to launch a reflection on this topic, in the same way as there are reflections on “responsible leadership”, “responsible finance”, etc.
Sustainable solutions for “global access to medicines” problems
Authors: Versteynen Leo , Huisingh Donald 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to perform a worldwide survey on the opinion of over 1,000 stakeholders on the value of different approaches to improve global access to life‐saving medicines.Design/methodology/approachThe research is based upon information gathered by triangulation of literature data, data from worldwide questionnaires and data from interviews originating from opinion leaders.FindingsThe findings revealed the main determinants, which contributed to the occurrence of drug pricing conflicts in some emerging markets in the past decade, and documented the preferred approaches to increase global access to life‐saving medicines for the next decade.Research limitations/implicationsLimitations of the methodology are that some large countries were under‐represented in the questionnaire survey, and that the poorest stakeholders might have been under‐represented in the interviews.Practical implicationsThe practical implication of this work is that it resulted in the formulation of an ethical policy or conceptual framework, referred to as the P3S3‐model, that the stakeholders, including policy makers, can use to work together in a setting of reduced conflict.Social implicationsFor pharmaceutical companies it is an ideal model to deploy their global social responsibility.Originality/valueThis is the first research that was designed to obtain and to build upon the in‐depth insights of key stakeholders and opinion leaders, on a comprehensive list of possible approaches to provide life‐saving medicines to poor people, at reasonable prices, globally. Therefore, the paper is of high originality/value.
The job satisfaction‐gender paradox revisited
Authors: Westover Jonathan H. 
Published: September 2012

PurposeUsing Westover's job satisfaction model (based on Kalleberg's 1977 findings and Handel's 2005 study) the purpose of this paper is to re‐examine the job satisfaction‐gender paradox by analyzing cross‐national gender differences in job satisfaction, specifically as these changes relate to differences in the characteristics that men and women experience in the workplace.Design/methodology/approachThis research uses non‐panel longitudinal data from the International Social Survey Program (work orientations I, II, and III: 1989, 1997, 2005 – survey questions on job characteristics and job quality) to examine cross‐national gender differences in job satisfaction and its determinants.FindingsDescriptive statistics and regression analysis show that there is little consistent difference in mean job satisfaction and intrinsic job characteristics scores between men and women across the participating countries in the three ways of data.Research limitations/implicationsThe main limitations of this research include: that the key variables are subjective single item indicators; the non‐panel longitudinal nature of the data, meaning one cannot specifically test the direction of causality among the variables examined as easily as would be possible with panel longitudinal data; and some variables of interest and other important control variables could not be included in the analysis, as data were not available for all three waves of the survey.Practical implicationsDue to the fact the worker job satisfaction impacts individual well‐being and a variety of organizational performance outcomes, organizations need to recognize gender differences in employee workplace experiences and the determinants of job satisfaction, particularly from a cross‐national perspective.Social implicationsAs there is a variety of ethical considerations related to gender differences in the workplace, as well as the fact that job satisfaction impacts a variety of societal outcomes, organizations need to recognize gender differences in job satisfaction, and its determinants cross‐nationally.Originality/valueThe main contribution of this paper is the re‐examination of the job satisfaction‐gender paradox by analyzing cross‐national gender differences in job satisfaction from 1989 to 2005, specifically as these changes relate to differences in the characteristics that men and women experience in the workplace.
The contribution of marketing to school-based program evaluation
Authors: Page Bill , Sharp Anne 
Published: September 2012

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to outline the contribution of marketing to program evaluation in the school sector. Schools are increasingly the target of government-funded environmental education initiatives and this paper aims to illustrate, through a sector-wide program case study, how marketing metrics can improve overall program evaluation. Existing school-based program evaluations are often not accompanied by rigorous evaluation of their impact beyond educational outcomes. Evaluation focuses instead on improving satisfaction of those already participating, rather than looking at the wider issues of program adoption and engagement levels across the sector. This paper also aims to look at how traditional marketing's evaluation metrics can address this gap.Design/methodology/approach– A case study is used involving a sector-wide recycling program whose objective is to reduce waste across all schools across a State in Australia. The program, administered by a government agency, had only been evaluated within an educational outcome context. Using existing data on the program from across the school sector, marketing metrics are calculated to provide new insight into the program's wider impact.Findings– This research illustrates the relevance of marketing metrics to educational sector activities. It illustrates how to embed metrics into the program and identifies insights they can offer as a supplement to existing educational outcome measures. Such measures are highly useful to funding bodies deciding on a program's development and continuation.Practical implications– Marketing provides empirically-based program metrics that are easy and cost-effective to obtain, objective in their measure, and provide feedback loops to participants. Having impacts more clearly measured allows for effective program administration within the childhood education sector. This paper delivers practical guidelines for program administrators.Originality/value– The paper brings marketing into an environmental education context, illustrating its contribution for better measurement of behaviour change. It gives marketing practitioners and academic researchers a framework within which they can use already available program data to better gauge the uptake and impact of their efforts.
The marketing matrix
Authors: Hastings Gerard 
Published: September 2012

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to question the role of corporate marketing in society and suggest ways of combating it.

Design/methodology/approach
– The problems are urgent and the style is polemical.

Findings
– Marketing is as old as human civilisation; it enables us to engage in the type of mutually beneficial exchange that makes cooperation possible. However, in the hands of the corporate sector, marketing is turning us into spoilt, consumption-obsessed children who are simultaneously wrecking our bodies, psyches and planet. The fiduciary duty of the corporation, which demands a single-minded focus on shareholder value, turns concepts such as consumer sovereignty, customer service and relationship marketing into corrosive myths that seduce us into quiescence, whilst furnishing big business with unprecedented power. Corporate social responsibility, meanwhile, is just a means of currying favour with our political leaders and further extending corporate power.

Practical implications
– Critical analysis is vital: if we do not want to become the apologists for corporate capitalism we have to research, write and teach about its failings as well as social marketing's potential to do good. We should also present solutions. As individuals we have enormous internal strength; collectively we have, and can again, change the world. Indeed marketing itself is a function of humankind's capacity to cooperate to overcome difficulties and long predates its co-option by corporations. In the hands of social marketers this potential force for good is being codified and deployed. If these talents and strengths can be combined with serious moves to contain the corporate sector, it is possible to rethink our economic and social priorities.

Originality/value
– The paper urges social marketers to take heed of and address marketing's failures if our discipline is to be taken seriously in debates about health, welfare and sustainability.
YKL‐40‐gene polymorphism affects acute cellular rejection and fibrosis progression after transplantation for hepatitis C virus‐induced liver disease
Authors: Eurich Dennis , Neumann Ulf P , Boas‐Knoop Sabine , Neuhaus Ruth , Kiessling Anja , Yahyazadeh Ali , Trautwein Christian , Wasmuth Hermann , Puhl Gero , Neuhaus Peter , Bahra Marcus 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackground and AimThe development of end‐stage graft disease is suspected to be partially determined by an individual genetic background. The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of YKL‐40‐gene polymorphism in hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐positive patients and its impact on the incidence of acute cellular rejection (ACR), graft fibrosis and antiviral treatment response.MethodsA total of 149 patients, who underwent liver transplantation for HCV‐induced liver disease, were genotyped for YKL‐40 (rs4950928; G/C) by TaqMan Genotyping Assay. The results were correlated with 616 post‐transplant graft biopsies regarding inflammation, fibrosis and evidence for ACR.ResultsNo association of YKL‐40‐gemotypes was observed regarding mean inflammation grade (P = 0.216) and antiviral treatment outcome (P = 0.733). However, the development of advanced fibrosis (F3‐4) was significantly faster in patients with YKL‐40‐G‐allele: t(CC) = 4.6 versus t(CG/GG) = 2.4 years; P = 0.006. Patients with lower fibrosis (F0‐2) compared to advanced fibrosis (F3‐4) received significantly more frequent dual immunosuppression (calcineurin inhibitors [CNIs]/mofetile mycophenolate [MMF] vs CNIs; P = 0.003). ACR‐occurrence was associated with YKL‐40‐genotypes (ACR: CC = 60.4%, CG = 25.0% and GG = 14.6% vs non‐ACR: CC = 74.2%, CG = 23.8% and GG = 2.0%; P = 0.009) and with gender compatibility between donor and recipient (P = 0.012).ConclusionFibrosis progression and ACR‐incidence after transplantation for HCV‐induced liver disease seem to be under genetic control. The negative impact of G‐allele on post‐transplant events observed in our study, deserves attention and should be verified in larger liver transplantation‐cohorts.
Utility of 18‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission/computed tomography in the management of recurrent colorectal cancer
Authors: Liong Sue Y. , Kochhar Rohit , Renehan Andrew G. , Manoharan Prakash 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the utility of 18‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission/computed tomography (PET/CT) in the management of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with suspected recurrence.MethodsClinical and imaging histories of CRC patients who underwent PET/CT at our institution between 1 April 2007 and 31 August 2008 for evaluation of recurrent disease were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups – (A) patients evaluated for suspected local recurrence (based on conventional imaging) and (B) patients with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels in excess of 5 ng/mL; in whom conventional imaging was either normal or equivocal. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were derived using either histopathology or follow‐up imaging as the standard of reference.ResultsIn group A (n = 44), the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of PET/CT were 100% (95% confidence interval (CI): 86.7–100), 84.2% (95% CI: 62.4–94.5), 89.3% (95% CI: 72.8–96.3), 100% (95% CI: 80.6–100) and 93.2%, respectively. In group B (n = 18), the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of PET/CT were 76.9% (95% CI: 49.7–91.8), 60.0%, (95% CI: 23.1–88.2), 83.3% (95% CI: 55.2–95.3) and 50% (95% CI: 18.8–81.2), respectively.ConclusionPET/CT has high accuracy in the assessment of local recurrence, particularly with regard to its NPV. PET/CT is useful for problem solving in cases of unexplained elevated CEA levels.
Prospective, multicentre, randomized controlled trial of bladder filling prior to trial of void on the timing of discharge
Authors: Du Jason , Marshall Daniel , Leyland John , Shaw Leanne , Broome Kim E. , Mason David F. C. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this study was to investigate whether bladder filling with saline prior to trial of void (TOV) was safe and whether it reduced time to discharge compared with standard TOV in the urology inpatient setting for patients post‐transurethral resection of prostate, bladder neck incision or an admission with urinary retention.MethodsProspective, multicentre, randomized controlled trial at Hawkes Bay and Waikato hospitals with local ethics committee approval. All consecutive, consented patients requiring TOV were randomized into filling and control groups. The filling groups were filled with normal saline prior to TOV (up to 500 mL or first sensation of fullness). The control group had their catheter removed at 06.00 hours without filling. Time taken between catheter removal and discharge was recorded in minutes. Complications were recorded.ResultsFifty‐two patients were recruited and randomized with 27 and 25 patients in the filling and control groups, respectively. The mean time taken from catheter removal to discharge was 300.6 min in the filling group and 340.1 min in the control group. The filling group reduced the time to discharge by 39.5 min (P = 0.304). Furthermore, 2/27 and 2/25 patients in the filling and control groups, respectively, developed urinary retention after TOV and required re‐catheterization prior to discharge.ConclusionBladder filling prior to TOV showed a non‐statistically significant reduction in the time to discharge of 39.5 min. Despite the fact that bladder filling is a safe and cheap procedure, it cannot be recommended for use in an attempt to reduce time to discharge in an inpatient setting.
Critical role of prostate biopsy mortality in the number of years of life gained and lost within a prostate cancer screening programme
Authors: Boniol Mathieu , Boyle Peter , Autier Philippe , Ruffion Alain , Perrin Paul 
Published: September 2012

Study Type – Therapy (data synthesis)Level of Evidence 2bWhat's known on the subject? and What does the study add?The efficacy of prostate cancer screening using PSA testing is still being debated, with conflicting results in randomized trials.The study shows that, even using the hypothesis most favourable to prostate cancer screening with PSA, the net number of years of life does not favour screening.OBJECTIVETo evaluate the impact of the implementation a prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) screening programme using the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) results and taking into account the impact of prostate biopsy and over‐treatment on mortality.MATERIALS AND METHODSWe used a model based on the number of years of life gained and lost owing to screening, using data reported in the ERSPC.We conducted a critical evaluation of the ERSPC results and of the Swedish arm of the study.RESULTSAccounting for biopsy‐specific mortality and for over‐treatment, the balance of number of years of life was negative in the ERSPC study, with an estimated loss of 3.6 years of life per avoided death.The number of years of life becomes positive (real gain) only when fewer than 666 screened individuals are required to avoid one death.We found that in the Swedish arm of the ERSPC there was a biopsy rate of 40% compared with 27% in the ERSPC overall. The over‐treatment rate was also greater with 4.1% compared with 3.4% overall.For the last 20 years, there has been a marked difference in prostate cancer‐specific mortality between Sweden and the rest of Europe: in 2005, for the age group 65–74 the rate was 140 per 100 000 person years in Sweden and ∼80 per 100 000 for the rest of Europe.CONCLUSIONOverall, PSA testing in Europe is associated with a loss in years of life and should thus not be recommended.
Business goals, user needs, and requirements: A problem frame‐based view
Authors: Lavazza Luigi 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIt is well known that the analysis of requirements involves several stakeholders and perspectives. Very often several points of view at different abstraction levels have to be taken into account: all these features make requirements analysis a complex task. Such intrinsic complexity makes it difficult to understand several of the basic concepts that underlie requirements engineering. Actually, there is some confusion – especially in industry – about what really a user requirement is, what are the differences between user requirements and user needs, and what are their relationships with business processes. The paper aims at clarifying the aforementioned issues, by providing a systematic and clear method for establishing requirements hierarchies. The problem of describing requirements hierarchies is tackled using the problem frames concepts and notation. A case study is used throughout the paper to illustrate the proposed approach. The description of requirements at different levels of abstractions and requirements hierarchies are illustrated. The resulting models are coherent with the reference model for requirements specifications and the problem frames. An analysis process that is aware of the differences between user needs and requirements is also provided, to illustrate the process of refining high‐level goals into requirements that can be satisfied by a hardware/software machine. The proposed method appears promising to model, study, and evaluate the relationships between business processes and the strategies for achieving business goals based on the usage of information technology.
17β‐estradiol protects human skin fibroblasts and keratinocytes against oxidative damage
Authors: Bottai G. , Mancina R. , Muratori M. , Di Gennaro P. , Lotti T. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackground  Reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause severe damage to extracellular matrix and to molecular structure of DNA, proteins and lipids. Accumulation of these molecular changes apparently constitutes the basis of cell ageing. 17b‐estradiol (E2) has a key role in skin ageing homeostasis as evidenced by the accelerated decline in skin appearance seen in the perimenopausal years. Oestrogens improve many aspects of the skin such as skin thickness, vascularization, collagen content and quality. Despite these clinical evidences, the effects of oestrogens on skin at the cellular level need further clarification.Materials and Methods  HaCaT and human fibroblasts were cultured under various conditions with E2 and H2O2; then were subjected to immunofluorescence and western blot analysis. Lipoperoxidation was investigated using BODIPY.Results  In human fibroblasts oxidative stress decreases procollagen‐I synthesis, while E2 significantly increases it. Fibroblasts and HaCaT cells viability in the presence of E2 demonstrates a notably increased resistance to H2O2 effects. Furthermore E2 is able to counteract H2O2‐mediated lipoperoxidation and DNA oxidative damage in skin cells.Discussion  In this study we highlight that the menopause‐associated oestrogens decline is involved in reduced collagen production and that E2 could counteract the detrimental effects of oxidative stress on the dermal compartment during skin aging. Furthermore, our data show that physiological concentrations of oestrogens are able to interfere with ROS‐mediated cell viability reduction and to protect human skin cells against oxidative damage to cellular membranes and nucleic acids structure.Conclusion  Our experimental data show that the presence of 17β‐estradiol may protect skin cells against oxidative damage and that the dramatic lowering of oestrogen levels during menopause, could render skin more susceptible to oxidative damage.
Understanding heterogeneous preference of tourists for big game species: implications for conservation and management
Authors: Di Minin E. , Fraser I. , Slotow R. , MacMillan D. C. 
Published: September 2012

Read the Commentaries on this Feature Paper: To use tourism as a conservation tool, first study tourists; The Big 5 and conservationResponse from the authors: Conservation marketing and education for less charismatic biodiversity and conservation businesses for sustainable development