bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeting exhausted cytotoxic T cells through CTLA‐4 inhibition promotes elimination of neoplastic cells in human myelofibrosis xenografts
Authors: Tavernari Lara , Rontauroli Sebastiano , Norfo Ruggiero , Mirabile Margherita , Maccaferri Monica , Mora Barbara , Genovese Elena , Parenti Sandra , Carretta Chiara , Bianchi Elisa , Bertesi Matteo , Pedrazzi Francesca , Tenedini Elena , Martinelli Silvia , Bochicchio Maria Teresa , Guglielmelli Paola , Potenza Leonardo , Lucchesi Alessandro , Passamonti Francesco , Tagliafico Enrico , Luppi Mario , Vannucchi Alessandro Maria , Manfredini Rossella ,   the MYNERVA (Myeloid NEoplasms Research Venture AIRC) investigators
Published: July 2024

AbstractMyeloproliferative neoplasms represent a group of clonal hematopoietic disorders of which myelofibrosis (MF) is the most aggressive. In the context of myeloid neoplasms, there is a growing recognition of the dysregulation of immune response and T‐cell function as significant contributors to disease progression and immune evasion. We investigated cytotoxic T‐cell exhaustion in MF to restore immune response against malignant cells. Increased expression of inhibitory receptors like CTLA‐4 was observed on cytotoxic T cells from MF patients together with a reduced secretion of IFNɣ and TNFɑ. CTLA‐4 ligands CD80 and CD86 were increased on MF granulocytes and monocytes highlighting a possible role for myeloid cells in suppressing T‐cell activation in MF patients. Unlike healthy donors, the activation of cytotoxic T cells from MF patients was attenuated in the presence of myeloid cells and restored when T cells were cultured alone or treated with anti‐CTLA‐4. Moreover, anti‐CTLA‐4 treatment promoted elimination of neoplastic monocytes and granulocytes in a co‐culture system with cytotoxic T cells. To test CTLA‐4 inhibition in vivo, patient‐derived xenografts were generated by transplanting MF CD34+ cells and by infusing homologous T cells in NSGS mice. CTLA‐4 blockade reduced human myeloid chimerism and led to T‐cell expansion in spleen and bone marrow. Overall, these findings shed light on T‐cell dysfunction in MF and suggest that CTLA‐4 blockade can boost the cytotoxic T cell‐mediated immune response against tumor cells.
Multiple forms of perceived job discrimination and hypertension risk among employed women: Findings from the Sister Study
Authors: Coates Matthew M. , Arah Onyebuchi A. , Matthews Timothy A. , Sandler Dale P. , Jackson Chandra L. , Li Jian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundHypertension has been linked to socially patterned stressors, including discrimination. Few studies have quantified the risk of hypertension associated with exposure to perceived job discrimination.MethodsWe used prospective cohort data from the Sister Study (enrollment from 2003–2009) to estimate self‐reported incident hypertension associated with perceived job discrimination based on race, gender, age, sexual orientation, or health status. Job discrimination in the prior 5 years was assessed in 2008–2012, and incident doctor‐diagnosed hypertension was ascertained in previously hypertension‐free participants.ResultsAmong the 16,770 eligible participants aged 37–78 years at the start of follow‐up, 10.5% reported job discrimination in the past 5 years, and 19.2% (n = 3226) reported incident hypertension during a median follow‐up of 9.7 years (interquartile range 8.2–11.0 years). Self‐reported poor health or inclusion in minoritized groups based on race/ethnicity or sexual orientation were more frequent among those reporting job discrimination. In a Cox proportional hazards model adjusting for covariates, report of at least one type of job discrimination (compared to none) was associated with a 14% (hazard ratio = 1.14 [95% confidence: 1.02–1.27]) higher hypertension risk. Results from sensitivity analyses reinforced the findings.ConclusionsResults suggest that interventions addressing job discrimination could have workplace equity and health benefits.
The Aspire Social Impact Bond: How social impact bond financing can promote positive social and economic outcomes
Authors: Coram Veronica , Tually Selina , Lester Leanne , Kyron Michael , Flatau Paul , Goodwin‐Smith Ian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFinancing human service delivery through social impact bonds (SIBs) is the subject of some critical commentary in the academic literature, but this tends to be largely theoretical rather than empirically based. This paper presents empirical evidence of how SIB financing can promote positive social and economic outcomes for governments, not‐for‐profit providers, individual service beneficiaries and society more broadly. The paper presents some of the results of an evaluation of the Aspire SIB, which financed an innovative intensive case management program providing housing and wraparound supports over a 3‐year period for people experiencing chronic homelessness. Aspire participants experienced significantly improved outcomes and decreased service needs, delivering downstream cost savings across several areas of government service delivery. This paper describes how the SIB financing mechanism underpinned the success of Aspire by promoting flexible, collaborative, outcome‐focussed and data‐informed responses to a challenging, multi‐faceted social problem.
Possibility of the Traversable Wormholes in the Galactic Halos within 4D Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet Gravity
Authors: Hassan Zinnat , Sahoo P.K. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRecently, there has been significant interest regarding the regularization of a limit of Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet (EGB) gravity. This regularization involves re‐scaling the Gauss–Bonnet (GB) coupling constant as , which bypasses Lovelock's theorem and avoids Ostrogradsky instability. A noteworthy observation is that the maximally or spherically symmetric solutions for all the regularized gravities coincide in the scenario. Considering this, the wormhole solutions in the galactic halos are investigated based on three different choices of dark matter (DM) profiles, such as Universal Rotation Curve, Navarro–Frenk–White, and Scalar Field Dark Matter with the framework of EGB gravity. Also, the Karmarkar condition is used to find the exact solutions for the shape functions under different non‐constant redshift functions. The energy conditions for each DM profile are discussed and the influence of GB coefficient in violating energy conditions are noticed, especially null energy conditions. Further, some physical features of wormholes, viz. complexity factor, active gravitational mass, total gravitational energy, and embedding diagrams, have been explored.
Ring Contraction of Saturated Cyclic Amines and Rearrangement of Acyclic Amines Through Their Corresponding Hydroxylamines
Authors: Peng Yi , Wang Guoqiang , Klare Hendrik F. T. , Oestreich Martin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCompared to modifications at the molecular periphery, skeletal adjustments present greater challenges. Within this context, skeletal rearrangement technology stands out for its significant advantages in rapidly achieving structural diversity. Yet, the development of this technology for ring contraction of saturated cyclic amines remains exceedingly rare. While most existing methods rely on specific substitution patterns to achieve ring contraction, there is a persistent demand for a more general strategy for substitution‐free cyclic amines. To address this issue, we report a B(C6F5)3‐catalyzed skeletal rearrangement of hydroxylamines with hydrosilanes. This methodology, when combined with the N‐hydroxylation of amines, enables the regioselective ring contraction of cyclic amines and proves equally effective for rapid reorganization of acyclic amine skeletons. By this, the direct scaffold hopping of drug molecules and the strategic deletion of carbon atoms are achieved in a mild manner. Based on mechanistic experiments and density functional theory calculations, a possible mechanism for this process is proposed.
Chemical Stability of mRNA/cDNA Complexes: Defining the Limits of mRNA display
Authors: Yoshisada Ryoji , Weller Saskia , Çobanoğlu Tuğçe S. , de Kock H. N. , Jongkees Seino A. K. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMessenger RNA (mRNA) display is being increasingly adopted for peptide drug candidate discovery. While many conditions have been reported for the affinity enrichment step and in some cases for peptide modification, there is still limited understanding about the versatility of peptide–puromycin–mRNA/cDNA (complementary DNA) complexes. This work explores the chemical stability of mRNA/cDNA hybrid complexes under a range of different fundamental chemical conditions as well as with peptide modification conditions reported in an mRNA display setting. We further compare the stability of full complexes originating from two different mRNA display systems (RaPID and cDNA‐TRAP). Overall, these complexes were found to be stable under a broad range of conditions, with some edge conditions benefitting from encoding directly in cDNA rather than mRNA. This should allow for more and broader exploitation of late‐stage peptide modification chemistry in mRNA display, with confidence regarding the stability of encoding, and potentially better hit‐finding campaigns as a result.
Six‐Cyclic Crown Ether‐Type Pillar[5]Arene: Enhanced Binding Ability to Bispyridinium Derivatives
Authors: Wu Huai‐Li , Zhang Meng‐Yang , Zhou Ting , Zhang Le‐Ping , Qi Qiao‐Yan , Yang Guan‐Yu , Yang Bo , Li Zhan‐Ting 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA six‐cyclic crown ether‐type pillar[5]arene was synthesized, and the five ethylene oxide loops were located outside the cavity and not affected by temperature changes which was confirmed by variable‐temperature NMR experiment in DMSO‐d6 and CDCl3 and 2D 1H−1H NOESY experiment in CDCl3. The six‐cyclic pillar[5]‐crown also showed greater binding ability of host‐guest with bis(pyridinium) derivatives than conventional alkoxy pillar[5]arenes that illustrated through 1H NMR titration spectroscopic experiment in acetone‐d6/CDCl3 (1 : 1) and UV‐vis titration experiments in CHCl3 at room temperature. The five benzocrown ethers at the periphery were able to bind metal cations by 1H NMR titration spectroscopic experiment in CD2Cl2/methanol‐d4(9 : 1).
Fish scale–derived hydroxyapatite for alveolar ridge preservation
Authors: Prathibha P. M. , Thomas N. G. , Dalvi Y. B. , Varghese K. G. , Binsi P. K. , Zynudheen A. A. , Lekshmi M. , Shilpa J. , Sajith Vellappally , Sukumaran Anil 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAlveolar ridge resorption following tooth extraction poses significant challenges for future dental restorations. This study investigated the efficacy of fish scale–derived hydroxyapatite (FSHA) as a socket preservation graft material to maintain alveolar bone volume and architecture. FSHA was extracted from *Labeo rohita* fish scales and characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. In vitro, biocompatibility and osteogenic potential were assessed using Saos‐2 human osteosarcoma cells. Cell viability, migration, and proliferation were evaluated using MTT and scratch assays. In vivo performance was assessed in a rat model, and FSHA was compared to a commercial xenograft (Osseograft) and ungrafted controls. Histological analysis was performed at 8‐week post‐implantation to quantify new bone formation. FTIR confirmed the purity and homogeneity of FSHA. In vitro, FSHA enhanced Saos‐2 viability, migration, and proliferation compared to controls. In vivo, FSHA demonstrated superior bone regeneration compared to Osseograft and ungrafted sites, with balanced graft resorption and new bone formation. Histological analysis revealed an active incorporation of FSHA into new bone, with minimal gaps and ongoing remodeling. Approximately 50%–60% of FSHA was resorbed by 8 weeks, closely matching the rate of new bone deposition. FSHA stimulated more bone formation in the apical socket region than in coronal areas. In conclusion, FSHA is a promising biomaterial for alveolar ridge preservation, exhibiting excellent biocompatibility, osteogenic potential, and balanced resorption. Its ability to promote robust bone regeneration highlights its potential as an effective alternative to currently used graft materials in socket preservation procedures.
Controlling Structure and Morphology of MoS2 via Sulfur Precursor for Optimized Pseudocapacitive Lithium Intercalation Hosts
Authors: Tobis Maciej , Elmanzalawy Mennatalla , Choi Jaehoon , Frąckowiak Elżbieta , Fleischmann Simon 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMolybdenum disulfide (MoS2)‐based electrode materials can exhibit a pseudocapacitive charge storage mechanism induced by nanosized dimension of the crystalline domains, which is why control over material structure via synthesis conditions is of significance. In this study, we investigate how the use of different sulfide precursors, specifically thiourea (TU), thioacetamide (TAA), and L‐cysteine (LC), during the hydrothermal synthesis of MoS2, affects its physicochemical, and consequently, electrochemical properties. The three materials obtained exhibit distinct morphologies, ranging from micron‐sized architectures (MoS2 TU), to nanosized flakes (MoS2 TAA and LC). While all three synthesized samples exhibit pseudocapacitive Li+ intercalation properties, the capacity retention of the latter two consisting of nanosized flakes is further improved at high cycling rates. The individual charge storage properties are analyzed by operando X‐ray diffraction, dilatometry, and 3D Bode analysis, revealing a correlation between the morphology, porosity, and the electrochemical intercalation behavior of the obtained electrode materials. The results demonstrate a facile strategy to control MoS2 structure and related functionality by choice of hydrothermal synthesis precursors.
Pretreatment and saccharification of corn cobs using partially purified fungal ligninozymes
Authors: Reddy Kandukuri Thanuja , Kocher Gurvinder Singh , Singh Alla 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCorn cobs consist primarily of a lignocellulosic material comprising hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin in a crystalline state, which is resistant to microbial saccharification. Bioethanol production from corn cobs has rarely been attempted, especially using chemical pretreatment methods.The present study deals with the production and purification of fungal (Phanerochaete chrysosporium MTCC 787 and Pleurotus florida PAU 22‐01) extracellular ligninolytic enzymes – lignin peroxidase (LiP), manganese peroxidase (MnP), and laccase (Lac) – followed by their utilization for the biological pretreatment of corn cobs along with saccharification using commercial cellulase. Crude LiP, MnP, and Lac demonstrated specific activity of 2.23, 2.1, and 2.63 U/mg, respectively.The one‐step purification of crude enzyme using diethyl amino ethyl (DEAE) cellulose ion exchange chromatography resulted in 11.3, 10.1 and 8.62‐fold purification of LiP, MnP and Lac activity, respectively, with corresponding specific activity of 25.1 U/mg (LiP), 21.2 U/mg (MnP) and 22.7 U/mg (Lac) in the partially purified ligninozymes. Using the latter, biological pretreatment of 2.5 g corn cobs in a reaction volume of 30 mL containing approximately 200 units of Lac, Lip and MnP enzymes (in phosphate buffer, pH 6) resulted in a maximum of 78.4% delignification with a saccharification efficiency of 97.1% using commercial cellulases.
How does family business affect the association between corporate social responsibility disclosure and cost of debt in Indonesia?
Authors: Sari Meilinda , Joni Joni , Ginting Enda Karina Salsalina Br 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study examines how corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure and family firms affect the cost of debt (COD) using a sample of companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange between 2017 and 2020. Ordinary least square regression was applied to investigate this association. This study also addresses the endogeneity problem using the generalized method of moments (GMM). This study finds that CSR lowers a company's COD. Firms with more CSR reporting minimize information asymmetry and improve their reputation. Next, we investigate whether family ownership can moderate the relationship between CSR and the COD. These findings support the hypothesis that family ownership moderates the relationship between CSR and COD. It is possible that family businesses use CSR to maintain a good reputation among their stakeholders, thus producing more CSR reports. The findings contribute to the literature by providing empirical evidence on how CSR and family firms experience a lower COD capital in the emerging economy context of Indonesia. Furthermore, this study provides academic implications by investigating whether family ownership can be a moderator variable in the association between CSR and COD. The study also has practical implications for practitioners and regulators in creating policies that promote better CSR initiatives and corporate governance systems.
The role of sarcopenic obesity for the prediction of prognosis of patients with gastrointestinal cancer
Authors: Chen Wenqing , Yuan Qinggang , Li Xiangrui , Yao Jiashu , Yuan Lihua , Chen Xiaotian , Gao Bo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundSarcopenic obesity (SO) in patients with gastrointestinal cancer is associated with a poor prognosis. We aimed to investigate the prognostic impact of SO in patients with gastrointestinal cancer, as well as the diagnostic cut‐off value of SO in patients with gastrointestinal cancer among Chinese population.MethodsWe conducted a consecutive cohort study. Between January 2017 and January 2019, 289 patients diagnosed with gastrointestinal cancer were included in our study. Skeletal muscle area, total fat area, and subcutaneous fat area were measured by CT scan. All patients were followed up for 5 years. Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) were adopted to determine the cut‐off values of visceral fat obesity for the prediction of sarcopenia. Based on the cut‐off values, patients with sarcopenia combined with visceral fat obesity were divided into the SO group, and the others were divided into the non‐sarcopenic obesity (NSO) group. Kaplan–Meier curves and univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were employed to explore the associations of body composition profiles with 5‐year overall survival and disease‐specific survival.ResultsObtained from Youden's Index for ROC for the prediction of 5‐year survival, skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) ≤40.02 cm2/m2 with VFA ≥ 126.30 cm2 in men and SMI ≤32.05 cm2/m2 with VFA ≥72.42 cm2 in women indicate a risk of poor prognosis in patients diagnosed with gastrointestinal cancer. Patients with SO had poorer 5‐year overall survival (OS) than patients with NSO (6.74% vs. 82.84%, p < 0.001), and poorer 5‐year DFS (6.74% vs. 81.82%, p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, we found that the long‐term mortality risk was approximately 13‐fold higher among patients in the SO group compared to those with no conditions.ConclusionsPreoperative assessment of SO is useful not only for monitoring nutritional status but also for predicting 5‐year OS in gastrointestinal cancer patients.
Microbial creation of β‐Nicotinamide mononucleotide and its regulation of lipid metabolism in the liver of high‐fat diet mice
Authors: Tian Xutong , Rong Youyan , Luo Juyue , Zhao Yaping , Zhou Tiantian , Zeng Yu , Hong Kai , Jiang Liang , Yang Jianying , Li Yumeng , Wu Xin 
Published: July 2024

Abstractβ‐Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) is a biologically active nucleotide that regulates the physiological metabolism of the body by rapidly increasing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). To determine the safety and biological activity of NMN resources, we constructed a recombinant strain of P. pastoris that heterologously expresses nicotinamide‐phosphate ribosyltransferase (NAMPT), and subsequently catalyzed and purified the expressed product to obtain NMN. Consequently, this study established a high‐fat diet (HFD) obese model to investigate the lipid‐lowering activity of NMN. The findings showed that NMN supplementation directly increased the NAD+ levels, and reduced HFD‐induced liver injury and lipid deposition. NMN treatment significantly decreased total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) in serum and liver, as well as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and insulin levels in serum (p < .05 or p < .01). In conclusion, this study combined synthetic biology with nutritional evaluation to confirm that P. pastoris‐generated NMN modulated lipid metabolism in HFD mice, offering a theoretical framework and evidence for the application of microbially created NMN.
Exploring the World of Curcumin: Photophysics, Photochemistry, and Applications in Nanoscience and Biology
Authors: Ghosh Meghna , Sarkar Nilmoni 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCurcumin is a bright yellow naturally occurring polyphenol which is the principal component of turmeric. It is used as herbal supplement, cosmetics ingredient, and food coloring agent. Over the years, the therapeutic properties of the natural product curcumin have gone unexploited but not unnoticed. Curcumin cannot be employed as a drug due to limitations such as low aqueous solubility and limited bioavailability. Many attempts have been made to overcome these limitations by confining the drug in various confined media to enhance its bioavailability. The biomolecule is emissive and undergoes fundamental excited state processes such as solvation dynamics and excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT). Curcumin based biomaterials and nanomaterials are also a fast advancing field where curcumin is an intrinsic component necessary for formation of these materials and no longer added as an external free drug. In this review, we will summarize the recent research on the photophysical and photochemical properties of curcumin and its excited state dynamics in various bio‐mimicking systems. At the same time we wish to also incorporate the various applications of curcumin, especially in biology. Lastly due to the growing importance of materials science, we will briefly discuss some recent advances on curcumin based biomaterials and nanomaterials. We believe such a compilation of recent research surrounding curcumin will provide an overall understanding of its potentialities in different areas.
Lead Bromide Complex in Tri‐n‐Octylphosphine Oxide Matrix with Bright Photoluminance and Exceptional Thermoplasticity
Authors: Sun Yuting , He Jingjing , Liu Da , Peng Yu , Li Qing , Liu Xinyi , Gui Yang Hua , Niu Qiang , Yang Shuang , Hou Yu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMetal halide materials have recently drawn increasing research interest for their excellent opto‐electronic properties and structural diversity, but their resulting rigid structures render them brittle and poor formability during manufacturing. Here we demonstrate a thermoplastic luminant hybrid lead halide solid by integrating lead bromide complex into tri‐n‐octylphosphine oxide (TOPO) matrix. The construction of the hybrid materials can be achieved by a simple dissolution process, in which TOPO molecules act as the solvents and ligands to yield the monodispersed clusters. The combination of these functional units enables the near‐room‐temperature melt‐processing of the materials into targeted geometry by simple molding or printing techniques, which offer possibilities for fluorescent writing inks with outstanding self‐healing capacity to physical damage. The intermarriage between metal halide clusters with functional molecules expands the range of practical applications for hybrid metal halide materials.