bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Methotrexate and Biologics on the Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety in Patients with Psoriasis
Authors: Uğurer Ece , Altunay İlknur K. , Özkur Ezgi , Baltan Ecem 
Published: August 2024

Background:
In patients with psoriasis, psychiatric co-morbidities accompany quite frequently.

Aims and Objectives:
We aimed to compare the effects of methotrexate and biologics on psychiatric comorbidities, and also examine the relationship of these symptoms with systemic inflammation parameters.

Materials and Methods:
Sixty patients with psoriasis treated with biologics or methotrexate were enrolled. At the baseline and the 24th week of the treatment, the patients filled Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), inflammation was assessed with serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels.

Results:
The decrease in BAI and BDI scores at the 24th week was significant in both the groups. When the decrease in BAI and BDI scores of the two groups were compared, no significant differences were found between the groups. The decrease in DLQI scores of the patients who received biologics was significantly superior compared to the patients who received methotrexate (P = 0.007). There was no significant correlation between the change in serum inflammation parameters and the decrease in the BDI/BAI scores.

Conclusions:
In patients with psoriasis, biologics and methotrexate reduce the symptoms of depression and anxiety. The difference between the two groups was insignificant. Biologics improve the quality of life better than methotrexate. Systemic inflammation parameters do not reflect the changes in these symptoms in such patients.
Dermatological Symptoms Among Polyester Dyeing and Printing Workers in Mumbai
Authors: Paste Vaishali , Tiwari Rajnarayan R. , Kamath Ramachandra 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Textile is one of the important sectors in the Indian economy. The use of synthetic chemicals is maximum during the wet processing technique, which consists of dyeing, printing and finishing.

Aims and Objectives:
This study was conducted to find out the prevalence of occupational dermatological symptoms among the workers employed in the dyeing and printing unit of the textile industry.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study, with a sample of 242 workers, was conducted in three different dyeing and printing factories. The workers were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire adapted from the Nordic Occupational Skin Questionnaire.

Results:
The prevalence of dermatological symptoms on the hands was found to be 51.7%. The various pattern of lesions included redness in 0.4% to itching in 26% of dyeing and printing workers. Those working for >5 years had 2.21 times higher risk as compared to those working for ≤5 years Odds Ratio (OR): 2.21; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.19–4.11). Similarly, those working in the dyeing section were at 2.94 times higher risk as compared to those working in the printing section (OR: 2.94; 95% CI: 1.58–5.47).

Conclusion:
The workers working in the printing and dyeing industry were at risk of developing skin lesions, which can partly be attributed to reactive chemicals used and partly to poor handling practices of the workers.
Patient Needs in Psoriasis Treatment and their Influencing Factors
Authors: Ding Wei , Yao Manxue , Wang Yuting , Wang Miaomiao , Zhu Yueqian , Li Yan , Li Zonghui , Li Ling , Ma Wenxia , Liu Ming , Zhou Naihui 
Published: August 2024

Background:
The management and treatment of psoriasis has rarely considered patient needs, which are numerous, multi-dimensional and are of great importance to improving treatment outcomes.

Objectives:
This study aimed to evaluate and compare the patients' needs for psoriasis treatment and identify factors predicting the need to make patient-centred decisions about treatment.

Materials and Methods:
This nationwide multicentre cross-sectional study included subjects between October 2020 and August 2021. The status quo of the needs in psoriasis treatment and their influencing factors were analysed mainly using the Chi-square test and binary logistic regression.

Results:
Information on sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were obtained. Factor analysis of a specially designed questionnaire showed that rapid skin clearance, reduced treatment expense and fewer hospital visits or treatment time were the first three patient needs in psoriasis treatment. Several influencing factors were important including the sociodemographic characteristics of gender, marital status, education level and family history, special location of skin lesions, dermatology life quality index (DLQI), Investigator's Global Assessment modified 2011 (IGA mod 2011), condition of the episode, clinical type of psoriasis, seasonal exacerbation and therapy.

Conclusions:
Patients with psoriasis pursued a wide range of treatment goals, with the most desired being rapid skin clearance, reduced treatment expense and time-saving. Paying attention to sex, marital status, education level, the special location of skin lesions and the DLQI will help dermatologists develop patient-centred treatment, meet the patient's needs and eventually improve the treatment outcomes.
Genital Psoriasis
Authors: Yi Ooi Shin , Huan Khor Yek , Har Loo Chai , Ali Norazlima Mohd , Chiang Tan Wooi 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Genital psoriasis is often under-recognized and the exact burden is unknown in Malaysia.

Objectives:
To identify the prevalence of genital psoriasis, its clinical features, risk factors, and impact on quality of life and sexual health.

Methods:
This prospective, observational study was conducted in the dermatology clinic of our hospital from 1st September 2020 until 31st March 2021, involving all adult patients with psoriasis. The genital examination was performed and the subjects were interviewed using questionnaires.

Results:
A total of 262 patients were recruited, with a male to female ratio of 1.5:1 (mean age of 51 years old). They comprised 42.0% Chinese, followed by 36.6% of Malay, 21.4% of Indians and others. Up to 46.1% of patients had a current or history of genital psoriasis. The most common area involved for males was the scrotum (44.1%) and labia majora (62.5%) for female patients. Itching (79.2%) was the most frequent symptom encountered. Chinese patients had 2.67 times odd (CI 1.55-4.61) of having genital psoriasis compared to non-Chinese patients. Other independent risk factors included flexural involvement, male gender, and Type 1 psoriasis. Genital psoriasis was associated with greater impairment on quality of life and sexual health (mean total Dermatology Life Quality Index: 8.8 vs 6.5, P = 0.006), International Index of Erectile Function (mean: 48.5 vs 57.0, P = 0.011) and revised version of Female Sexual Distress Scales (mean: 20.7 vs 11.4, P = 0.022).

Conclusions:
Genital psoriasis is common and it has a profound impact on patients.
Cytokine Profiles and the Relationship of Disease Severity in Patients with Psoriasis
Authors: Wang Qingqing , Yan Dong , Zheng Shuting , Li Min , Li Jialin , Fu Xiuyu , Fu Dandan , Hu Hua , Song Xiangfeng , Tian Zhongwei 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Psoriasis is a chronic skin disease characterized by hyperproliferation of keratinocytes and increased inflammation. Previous studies have detected the levels of cytokines in the serum of patients with psoriasis, yet few multi-cytokine combination studies have been reported.

Objective:
The aim of the study was to compare the levels of cytokines in the serum between patients with psoriasis and healthy controls, elucidate which factors influence the psoriasis progression.

Methods:
A total of 39 psoriasis patients and 30 healthy volunteers were enrolled. The venous blood was collected and the levels of 13 inflammatory cytokines were measured by human inflammation panel 1 kit. The severity of the disease was determined according to the psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) score.

Results:
Compared with healthy controls, the levels of nine cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12P40, IL-18, IL-17A and IL-23) were significantly increased, while the level of MCP-1 decreased in psoriatic patients. In addition, except for MCP-1, IL-10 and IL-12P40, these cytokine levels were positively correlated with the PASI score. Furthermore, there were higher serum lever of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17A, IL-18 and IL-23 in active psoriasis than healthy controls and retrograde psoriasis.

Conclusions:
Increased serum levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17A, IL-18 and IL-23 in psoriatic patients were associated with PASI and the stage of disease, which suggested that these cytokines play an important role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. The detection of these cytokines can better observe the disease activity of psoriasis and optimize the treatment strategy.
Guillain–Barré Syndrome
Authors: Kumar Sanjeev , Rani Priyanka , Sharma Janardan , Rai Anand Kumar 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is an immune-mediated acute polyradiculoneuropathy with different subtypes, clinical features, and demographics. Nerve conduction study is important in differentiating axonal and demyelinating form of GBS. Diagnosis of various subtypes is essential as they have different pathophysiology and prognosis.

Objective:
The study was aimed to evaluate the different subtype spectrum of GBS in our patient population cohort and to look for the clinical features, demographics, and electrophysiological profile variations among the patients with GBS.

Materials and Methods:
We evaluated clinical spectrum and electrodiagnostic parameters of the admitted patients in Department of Neurology of our tertiary care center between September 2019 and April 2022 with clinical diagnosis of GBS. It was a quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study.

Results:
Out of 49 study participants, 63.82% patients had axonal form while 36.2% of patients had acute inflammatory demyelination polyneuropathy by applying Hadden criteria. Statistically lower single breath count (SBC) (median 10.5; P < 0.0001) at admission was observed in ventilated patients compared to nonventilated patients of GBS.

Conclusion:
Axonal form is the most common subtype of GBS in our study cohort. SBC at admission could be an important bedside tool to predict requirement of ventilatory support in admitted patients of GBS.
Curcuma longa (Curcumin) Abrogates Hyperhomocysteinemia and Oxidative Stress in a Rat Model of Colon Cancer
Authors: Waly Mostafa I , Al Subhi Lyutha 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Hyperhomocysteinemia is involved in the pathogenesis of oxidative stress, a well-known etiological factor for different types of cancer, including colon cancer. Although Curcuma longa (curcumin) is a well-known antioxidant shown to prevent oxidative stress in different experimental models, yet its preventive role against hyperhomocysteinemia has not been addressed in experimental model for colon cancer.

Objective:
This study aimed to assess the protective role of C. longa (curcumin) as a natural antioxidant against the development of hyperhomocysteinemia-mediated oxidative stress and its associated carcinogenesis in rat colon.

Methods:
Forty-eight adult male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups (12 rats/group): control, curcumin-supplemented group which received a daily dose of 200 mg curcumin/kg body weight, azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon cancer group, and AOM group + curcumin supplementation. At the end of the experiment, 16 weeks, rats were sacrificed and colon tissues were collected to measure homocysteine level, oxidative stress markers [glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), lipid peroxides, and nitric oxide], and antioxidant enzymes (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase). Colon histological sections were also examined for any histopathological changes.

Results:
The study results revealed that the colon tissue of the AOM-injected group had higher levels of homocysteine and markers of oxidative stress (GSH depletion, impairment of TAC, and inhibition of antioxidant enzymes) as compared to the control group, P < 0.05. Curcumin supplementation in the AOM + curcumin group significantly alleviated antioxidant enzymes activities as well as hyperhomocysteinemia, P < 0.05. AOM has also caused a significant increase in the size and numbers of aberrant crypt foci, marker lesions of colon tumors.

Conclusion:
Hyperhomocysteinemia results in the generation of reactive oxygen species, and thereby contributing to the oxidative stress-associated colon cancer pathogenesis. Curcumin as a functional food might be used as a preventative nutritional strategy against colon dysfunction that leads to cancer process.
Impact of Osteoprotegerin and RANKL on Non-ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Rada Feryal Hashim 
Published: August 2024

Objective:
Osteoprotogerin and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) formed an alliance that joining between bone remaking and vascular reforming. The aim of this study is to quantify the blood concentrations of osteoprotogerin and of RANKL in diabetic patients with myocardial infarction and to evaluate their relationship with other perilous factors in reference to healthy subjects.

Methods:
A total of 76 diabetic patients with myocardial infarction of non-ST-segment raising aged 50 to 60 years and their matched 60 healthy control aged 45 to 55 years were randomly selected from Al-yarmook Hospital and evaluated for inclusion in this case–control study. Blood levels of osteoprotogerin and RANKL were assessed using high-sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results:
The outcomes of this study elucidated increment in the blood concentrations of osteoprotogerin and RANKL in those patients. Apparently, significant positive correlation directed between osteoprotogerin level with age and onset of diabetes. Otherwise, lipid profile, and inflammatory markers exhibited no significant correlation with osteoprotogerin level.

Conclusion:
Upraised blood levels of osteoprotogerin and RANKL in diabetic patients with non-ST-segment raising myocardial infarction may be of a consequence of diabetic complication on vascular cell.
Histomorphological Evaluation of Chronic Gastritis and an Attempt to Prognosticate Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia with Selective Mucin Gene Expressions in Indian Population
Authors: Moorthy Pooja E , Raghavan Vijayashree , Kanna Rajesh 
Published: August 2024

Introduction
Intestinal metaplasia (IM) is a well-established precancerous lesion. MUC2 and MUC5AC are mucin genes that have been studied in gastric IM to classify and determine which type of metaplasia will progress to malignancy. H.pylori, an important causative organism for gastric carcinoma, can be detected using anti-H. pylori antibodies (AHA) in case of suspicion when routine histochemical stains are negative.

Aim
This study aims to determine the expression of MUC2 and MUC5AC in gastric IM in chronic gastritis to differentiate complete and incomplete IM and to predict and prognosticate its role in the possible evolution of malignancy. This study also aims to determine the expression of AHA in Giemsa negative cases with mild to severe activity.

Materials & Method
A total of 345 gastric biopsy cases were included in the study. About 35 cases with IM on histology were subjected to Alcian Blue (AB) at pH 2.5 and markers MUC2 and MUC5AC to classify IM. To further subclassify the type II and type III IM, AB with periodic acid–Schiff at pH 1.5 was used. About 45 out of 171 Giemsa negative cases with activity were subjected to AHA.

Results
51.43% cases had complete IM and 48.57% had incomplete IM. And, 25.7% were type II and 22.8% were type III IM. About 20 out of 45 Giemsa negative cases showed AHA positivity, indicating sensitivity as high as 70.15%.

Conclusion
MUC2 and MUC5AC expression are good parameters in the progression of IM togastric cancer (GC) and can be used as a good prognostic marker for GC. Detection and eradication of H. Pylori using AHA with appropriate treatment will reduce the risk of developing gastric carcinoma.
Food Consumption Pattern and Body Mass Index of Adolescents − A Descriptive Study
Authors: Lakshmi E. 
Published: August 2024

Context:
Adolescence is a period of growth spurt. During this crucial period, food intake patterns are set in place and these patterns can have vital impact on lifetime nutritional status and health of the individuals.

Aim:
The present study aimed to assess food consumption pattern of adolescent girls and to associate the same with the body mass index (BMI).

Materials and methods:
A quantitative research approach and a descriptive design were adopted for the study. Nonprobability purposive sampling technique was used to select 217 adolescents (girls) in the age group of 13 to 18 years after obtaining informed consent. Researcher-designed questionnaire was developed to collect the data on demographic profile. A food frequency questionnaire was used to elicit information regarding food consumption pattern (general and fast food) for over four months during the period of study from December 2018 to February 2019. The height and weight were measured using inch tape and weighing scale. The BMI was calculated and compared with BMI classification of World Health Organization.

Statistical analysis:
Descriptive statistical measures such as percentage distribution, mean, and standard deviations were used for variables. Chi-squared test of significance was used to predict the association between BMI and food intake.

Results:
The percent adequacy of food intake presented a deficit in the intake of green leafy vegetables (−31.05%), fruits ([FIGURE DASH]46.34%), milk and milk products (−21.44%). BMI revealed that a higher percentage (45.16%) of adolescent girls were under weight.

Conclusion:
There was no significant association (χ
2 = 0.46, P = 0.99) between BMI and food intake.
Evaluation of Neurocognitive Disorder in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Preetam K , Talkad Chandrashekar Nagesh Kumar , Krishnappa Rashmi 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a syndrome characterized by hyperglycemia due to absolute or relative deficiency of insulin or both. In India, an estimated 40 million people suffered from diabetes in 2007 and are expected to rise to 70 million by 2025 as per the Indian Diabetes Study 2011. Individuals with type 2 diabetes are at 60% greater risk for development of dementia compared to those without diabetes. For vascular dementia, but not for nonvascular dementia, the additional risk is that it is greater in women.

Aim and Objective:
To assess cognitive impairment among type 2 DM patients.

Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, 67 patients with type 2 DM and 66 control attending Put patient department (OPD) services between October 2018 and September 2020 were included. Both these groups were scored on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). The scores ranged from zero to 30. The scores of ≥26 were considered normal. A score of ≤22.1 in these people was considered as mild cognitive. Categorical data were represented in the form of frequencies and proportions. Chi-square test or Fischer exact test were used as test of significance for qualitative data. Correlations were performed with Pearson correlation coefficient. The P-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant after assuming all the rules of statistical tests.

Results:
Age and duration of diabetes had positive correlation with MoCA score which was not statistically significant. The body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference had negative correlation with MoCA score which was not statistically significant. Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) had negative correlation with MoCA score which was statistically significant.

Conclusion:
Older individuals with longer duration of DM and higher HbA1c levels showed higher cognitive impairment with MoCA score correlation. This study also highlights the early screening for all DM patients with easily available MoCA scores. Thus, helping in early recognition of mild cognitive impairment and preventing it from proceeding to dementia.
Mental and Physical Performance of Adult during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Use of Dietary Supplements
Authors: Tomer Abhilasha , Sarkar Amlan Kanti , Chitme Havagiray R. 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Life during the COVID-19 pandemic was miserable, most of the people were in a panic situation either because of being affected by COVID-19 or losing their near and dear ones. Majority of Indian population was in the trauma condition impacting physical and mental health directly or indirectly either due to the infection or repeated lockdowns.

Aim:
The present study was carried out to gain knowledge of people’s physical and mental health such as anxiety, depression, and stress during the period of the pandemic in the year 2021.

Material and methods:
The standard questionnaires were used to conduct the online survey using google form. The questionnaire contains five sections and collects the information on anxiety, stress, depression, and physical activities. The survey started on May 23, 2021, and ended on June 2, 2021 by circulating the link through emails, WhatsApp, and messages.

Result:
A total of 291 people participated in this survey process and all responses were analyzed, out of which 165 were men and 126 were women. It was calculated that 59.4% of men and 40.6% of women were affected by COVID-19. Total 49.5% of people affected by COVID-19 were in favor of improvement in physical and mental performance while taking dietary supplements. Whereas 19.8% denied the statement and 28.7% of people saw slight changes in their health status.

Conclusions:
During the pandemic people were mostly affected by anxiety, depression, stress, and physical health and to cope with these situations dietary supplements surely be the utilitarian for the society. Through this study, it was found that if a person includes both exercise and nutraceutical products in their lifestyle, there will be a chance of living a sustainable and healthy life.
To Evaluate the Implementation and Impact of an Antimicrobial Stewardship at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in India
Authors: Kumari Sweta , Bagati Kavita Dhar , Sadasivam Bala Krishnan , Babu Gudise Chitti 
Published: August 2024

Background:Antimicrobial stewardship programs refer to antibiotic policies, antibiotic management programs, and antibiotic control programs. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Project ICARE, all hospitals reported having an antibiotic formulary, and 91% used at least one other antimicrobial control strategy.Materials and Methods:The present study is a retrospective and observational study. All information was noted and surveyed sporadically. Any deviations from the agreed criteria were communicated, discussed, and documented. Antibiotic stewardship started from an inpatient setting. In the first phase, the patient pool from inpatient was addressed. For the prospective audit, two components had been recognized to have an evidence level 1. These were multidisciplinary rounds of infectious diseases patients and the use of antimicrobials.Result:In Medicine ward, the most common class of drugs was beta-lactam; in beta-lactam, a combination of piperacillin/tazobactam, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and macrolides was used with a mean dose of 1408.18 g. While in orthopedics, most common drugs for prophylaxis use were found to be cephalosporins (cefazolin first generation) with a mean dose of 937.07 ± 741.81 g to reduce surgical site infections. Prophylactic use of beta-lactam (amoxicillin/clavulanic acid) was prescribed for the most of the cases of Ears, Nose and Throat (ENT) surgery with mean dose of 1019.63 g as well as in pediatrics with mean dose of 579.47 g.Conclusions:Antimicrobial stewardships have a significant impact on the reduction of targeted and empiric antibiotic use, healthcare costs, and antimicrobial resistance in inpatient settings.