bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid hyaluronic acid hydrogel/poly(ɛ‐caprolactone) scaffold provides mechanically favorable platform for cartilage tissue engineering studies
Authors: Mintz Benjamin R. , Cooper James A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractHybrid scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering provide the potential for high stiffness properties in tension and compression while exhibiting the viscoelastic response found in hydrogels and native cartilage tissue. We investigate the impact of a hybrid scaffold fabricated from a hyaluronic acid (HA)‐based hydrogel combined with porous poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) material formed by a particulate leaching method to study dedifferentiated chondrocyte response. The material properties of the hybrid scaffold showed mean Young's moduli in tension which were similar to human articular cartilage but not statistically different between the hybrid and porous PCL scaffolds at 2.02 and 2.07 MPa, respectively. For both the hybrid and porous PCL control scaffolds in compression at low loading frequencies (<1 Hz) and 10% strain peak amplitude the Young's moduli are not statistically distinct. However, at frequencies in the range of normal human gait from 1 to2 Hz, hybrid scaffolds exhibit significantly (p < 0.01) increased loss moduli indicating additional contribution of the viscous phase to stiffness. Dedifferentiated chondrocytes seeded onto the scaffolds exhibited a rounded morphology in hybrid scaffolds however ECM protein expression levels of collagen type I, collagen type II, and aggrecan are not different from the PCL control scaffolds. These results provide a model platform to investigate cell response to mechanical and chemical cues in a hybrid scaffold system with mechanical properties similar to human cartilage that does not contribute to differentiation in order to identify the appropriate design and development parameters to promote formation of extracellular matrix and investigate chondrocyte scaffold interactions. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 2918–2926, 2014.
RANKL Inhibitors Induce Osteonecrosis of the Jaw in Mice With Periapical Disease
Authors: Aghaloo Tara L , Cheong Simon , Bezouglaia Olga , Kostenuik Paul , Atti Elisa , Dry Sarah M , Pirih Flavia Q , Tetradis Sotirios 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT

Antiresorptive medications are essential in treating diseases of pathologic osteoclastic bone resorption, including bone cancer and osteoporosis. Bisphosphonates (BPs) are the most commonly used antiresorptives in clinical practice. Although inhibition of bone resorption is important in regulating unwanted malignant and metabolic osteolysis, BP treatment is associated with potential side effects, including osteonecrosis of the jaws (ONJ). Recently, non-BP antiresorptive medications targeting osteoclastic function and differentiation, such as denosumab, have entered the clinical arena. Denosumab treatment results in a similar rate of ONJ as BPs. Animal models of ONJ, using high-dose BP treatment in combination with tooth extraction or dental disease, provide valuable tools and insight in exploring ONJ pathophysiology. However, the ability of other antiresorptives to induce ONJ-like lesions in animal models has not been explored. Such studies would be beneficial in providing support for the role of osteoclast inhibition in ONJ pathogenesis versus a direct BP effect on oral tissues. Here, we tested the ability of the receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) inhibitors RANK-Fc (composed of the extracellular domain of RANK fused to the fragment crystallizable [Fc] portion of immunoglobulin G [IgG]) and OPG-Fc (composed of the RANKL-binding domains of osteoprotegerin [OPG] linked to the Fc portion of IgG) to induce ONJ in mice in the presence of periapical disease, but in the absence of dental extractions. We demonstrate radiographic evidence of ONJ in RANK-Fc–treated and OPG-Fc–treated mice, including inhibition of bone loss, increased bone density, lamina dura thickening, and periosteal bone deposition. These findings closely resembled the radiographic appearance of an ONJ patient on denosumab treatment. Histologic examination revealed that RANK-Fc treatment and OPG-Fc treatment resulted in absence of osteoclasts, periosteal bone formation, empty osteocytic lacunae, osteonecrosis, and bone exposure. In conclusion, we have successfully induced ONJ in mice with periapical disease, using potent osteoclast inhibitors other than BPs. Our findings, coupled with ONJ animal models using high-dose BPs, suggest that osteoclast inhibition is pivotal to the pathogenesis of ONJ. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Color‐Coded Fluorescence Imaging of Lymph‐Node Metastasis, Angiogenesis, and Its Drug‐Induced Inhibition
Authors: Aki Ryoichi , Amoh Yasuyuki , Bouvet Michael , Katsuoka Kensei , Hoffman Robert M. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTLymph nodes are often the first target of metastatic cancer which can then remetastasize to distant organs. The progression of lymph node metastasis is dependent on sufficient blood supply provided by angiogenesis. In the present study, we have developed a color‐coded imaging model to visualize angiogenesis of lymph nodes metastasis using green fluorescent protein (GFP) and red fluorescent protein (RFP). Transgenic mice carrying GFP under the control of the nestin promoter (ND‐GFP mice) were used as hosts. Nascent blood vessels express GFP in these mice. B16F10‐RFP melanoma cells were injected into the efferent lymph vessel of the inguinal lymph node of the ND‐GFP nude mice, whereby the melanoma cells trafficked to the axillary lymph node. Three days after melanoma implantation, ND‐GFP‐expressing nascent blood vessels were imaged in the axillary lymph nodes. Seven days after implantation, ND‐GFP‐expressing nascent blood vessels formed a network in the lymph nodes. ND‐GFP‐positive blood vessels surrounded the tumor mass by 14 days after implantation. However, by 28 days after implantation, ND‐GFP expression was diminished as the blood vessels matured. Treatment with doxorubicin significantly decreased the mean nascent blood vessel length per tumor volume. These results show that the dual‐color ND‐GFP blood vessels/RFP‐tumor model is a powerful tool to visualize and quantitate angiogenesis of metastatic lymph nodes as well as for evaluation of its inhibition. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 457–463, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of transfer sites for flexor digitorum longus in a cadaveric adult acquired flatfoot model
Authors: Vaudreuil Nicholas J. , Ledoux William R. , Roush Grant C. , Whittaker Eric C. , Sangeorzan Bruce J. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTPosterior tibialis tendon (PTT) dysfunction (PTTD) is associated with adult acquired flatfoot deformity. PTTD is commonly treated with a flexor digitorum longus (FDL) tendon transfer (FDLTT) to the navicular (NAV), medial cuneiform (CUN), or distal residuum of the degraded PTT (rPTT). We assessed the kinetic and kinematic outcomes of these three attachment sites using cadaveric gait simulation. Three transfer locations (NAV, CUN, rPTT) were tested on seven prepared flatfoot models using a robotic gait simulator (RGS). The FDLTT procedures were simulated by pulling on the PTT with biomechanically realistic FDL forces (rPTT) or by pulling on the transected FDL tendon after fixation to the navicular or medial cuneiform (NAV and CUN, respectively). Plantar pressure and foot bone motion were quantified. Peak plantar pressure significantly decreased from the flatfoot condition at the first metatarsal (NAV) and hallux (CUN). No difference was found in the medial–lateral center of pressure. Kinematic findings showed minimal differences between flatfoot and FDLTT specimens. The three locations demonstrated only minimal differences from the flatfoot condition, with the NAV and CUN procedures resulting in decreased medial pressures. Functionally, all three surgical procedures performed similarly. Published 2013 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the Orthopaedic Research Society. J Orthop Res 32:102–109, 2014.
Lack of ADAM10 in endothelial cells affects osteoclasts at the chondro‐osseus junction
Authors: Zhao Ren , Wang Aimin , Hall Katherine C. , Otero Miguel , Weskamp Gisela , Zhao Baohong , Hill Daniel , Goldring Mary B. , Glomski Krzysztof , Blobel Carl P. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractMice lacking ADAM10 in endothelial cells (Adam10ΔEC mice) have shorter femurs, tibiae, and humeri than controls, raising questions about how endothelial cells could control long bone growth. We performed a histopathological evaluation of the femur and tibia growth plates at different postnatal stages, and assessed the distribution of TRAP‐positive osteoclasts and endothelial cells at the growth plate. The growth plates in Adam10ΔEC mice appeared normal at P7 and P14, but a thickened zone of hypertrophic chondrocytes and increased trabecular bone density were apparent by P21 and later. The number of TRAP+ cells at the COJ was normal at P7 and P14, but was strongly reduced at P21 and later. Moreover, the density of endomucin‐stained endothelial cells at the COJ was increased starting at P7. The defects in long bone growth in Adam10ΔEC mice could be caused by a lack of osteoclastogenesis at the COJ. Moreover, ADAM10 appears to regulate endothelial cell organization in the developing bone vasculature, perhaps in a similar manner as in the developing retinal vascular tree, where ADAM10 is thought to control Notch‐dependent endothelial cell fate decisions. This study provides evidence for the regulation of osteoclast function by endothelial cells in vivo. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:224–230, 2014.
North‐eastern Laurentide, western Greenland and southern Innuitian ice stream dynamics during the last glacial cycle
Authors: SIMON QUENTIN , HILLAIRE‐MARCEL CLAUDE , ST‐ONGE GUILLAUME , ANDREWS JOHN T. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTPrecise relationships between high‐frequency ice sheet dynamics and late Quaternary climate variability are still poorly understood, notably with regard to their relative timing and causal mechanisms. Baffin Bay is of particular interest in this regard due to the influence of ice streaming activities from the north‐eastern Laurentide, southern Innuitian and western Greenland ice margins on its sedimentary regimes during glacial times. Here we document such ice margin dynamics using a sedimentological analysis performed on a piston core from central Baffin Bay and spanning the last 115 ka. Lithofacies analysis and mineralogical assemblages are used to reconstruct sediment sources (using the SedUnMix program) and depositional mechanisms. Coarse detrital carbonate (DC, dolomite‐rich) layers are attributed either to north‐eastern Laurentide and Innuitian ice stream surges or to pervasive ice rafted debris delivery processes at distinct periods. Out‐of‐phase fine‐grained glaciomarine sediments with a mineralogical signature from western Greenland, linked to Uummannaq ice streaming activity, are interbedded with the coarse DC layers. The new results suggest that during the last glacial cycle, the north‐eastern Laurentide and southern Innuitian ice streams were sensitive to high‐frequency climate fluctuations, such as the Dansgaard–Oeschger events, while the western Greenland margins were more sensitive to large‐scale climatic/oceanic reorganizations, such as relative sea‐level changes and/or advection of warmer Atlantic waters into the bay.
Use of olfactory training in post‐traumatic and postinfectious olfactory dysfunction
Authors: Konstantinidis Iordanis , Tsakiropoulou Evangelia , Bekiaridou Paschalia , Kazantzidou Chrysa , Constantinidis Jannis 
Published: October 2013

Objectives/HypothesisThere is evidence that the olfactory system can be modulated by repeated exposure to odors, a procedure called olfactory training. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of olfactory training in patients with postinfectious and post‐traumatic olfactory dysfunction.Study DesignProspective study of 119 patients with postinfectious and post‐traumatic olfactory dysfunction.MethodsTwo groups of patients (postinfectious and post‐traumatic) performed the olfactory training (n = 49 and n = 23, respectively) over a period of 16 weeks and were compared with two control groups of the same etiology (n = 32 and n = 15). Patients with sinunasal, neurologic, or idiopathic disease were excluded. Training was performed twice daily with the use of four odors (phenyl ethyl alcohol [rose], eucalyptol [eucalyptus], citronellal [lemon], and eugenol [cloves]). Olfactory testing was performed by means of the Sniffin' Sticks test battery (threshold, discrimination, identification) at the time of diagnosis, and 8 and 16 weeks later. All patients evaluated their olfactory function by means of a visual analogue scale (0–100).ResultsCompared to controls, training patients in both groups presented significantly higher scores of olfactory function as measured by the Sniffin' Sticks test. This increase was measured in 67.8% of postinfectious and 33.2% of post‐traumatic patients. Subjective ratings were in accordance with the olfactory test results. Subset analysis showed that olfactory function mainly increased olfactory identification followed by discrimination in both training groups.ConclusionsThe present study suggests that a 16‐week short‐term exposure to specific odors may increase olfactory sensitivity in patients with postinfectious and post‐traumatic olfactory dysfunction.Level of Evidence3b. Laryngoscope, 123:E85–E90, 2013
Bilateral cochlear implantation in children and the impact of the inter‐implant interval
Authors: Lammers Marc J. W. , Venekamp Roderick P. , Grolman Wilko , van der Heijden Geert J. M. G. 
Published: October 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo determine the effectiveness of simultaneous versus sequential bilateral cochlear implantation on postoperative outcomes in children with bilateral deafness and to evaluate the impact of the inter‐implant interval and age at second implantation on postoperative outcomes in children who already received their first cochlear implant.Data SourcesPubMed, Embase, and Web of Science.Review MethodsAll studies comparing the effects of simultaneous with sequential bilateral cochlear implantation on postoperative outcomes and those evaluating the impact of the inter‐implant interval and age at second implantation were retrieved.ResultsFour studies compared the effects of simultaneous with sequential bilateral cochlear implantation. All studies lacked randomization. Of these, three reported better speech perception and expressive language development at one year of bilateral experience for simultaneous cochlear implantation. Of the nineteen publications on the impact of the inter‐implant interval on postoperative outcomes, the risk of bias was low‐moderate for seven studies which were derived from five different study populations. In two of these populations no impact of the inter‐implant interval was found, while in three a longer inter‐implant interval was associated with poorer speech and language development.ConclusionObservational studies suggest that simultaneous implantation in children may be associated with improved speech and language development, and that a prolonged inter‐implant interval between both implantations may have a negative impact on these postoperative outcomes. Randomized trials are, however, needed to demonstrate whether simultaneous implantation indeed is superior to sequential bilateral implantation in children with bilateral deafness.Level of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 124:993–999, 2014
Square‐Micrometer‐Sized, Free‐Standing Organometallic Sheets and Their Square‐Centimeter‐Sized Multilayers on Solid Substrates
Authors: Zheng Zhikun , Ruiz‐Vargas Carlos S. , Bauer Thomas , Rossi Antonella , Payamyar Payam , Schütz Andri , Stemmer Andreas , Sakamoto Junji , Schlüter A. Dieter 
Published: October 2013

Oligofunctional terpyridine‐based monomers are spread at an air/water interface, where they are connected with transition metal salts such as Fe(II) into mechanically coherent monolayer sheets of macroscopic dimension. The conversions of these processes are determined by XPS for several monomer/metal ion combinations. The sheets are transferred onto TEM grids, the 20 × 20 square micrometer sized holes of which can be spanned. AFM indentation experiments provide in‐plane elastic moduli which are compared with naturally occurring sheets such as graphene. The new organometallic sheets are also used to create multilayer assemblies on square centimeter length scales on solid substrates. Finally some directions are provided where this research can lead to in future and where its application potential lies.
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Somatic copy number alterations by whole‐exome sequencing implicates YWHAZ and PTK2 in castration‐resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Menon Roopika , Deng Mario , Rüenauver Kerstin , Queisser Angela , Pfeifer Martin , Offermann Anne , Boehm Diana , Vogel Wenzel , Scheble Veit , Fend Falko , Kristiansen Glen , Wernert Nicolas , Oberbeckmann Nicole , Biskup Saskia , Rubin Mark A , Adler David , Perner Sven 
Published: October 2013

AbstractCastration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is the most aggressive form of prostate cancer (PCa) and remains a significant therapeutic challenge. The key to the development of novel therapeutic targets for CRPC is to decipher the molecular alterations underlying this lethal disease. The aim of our study was to identify therapeutic targets for CRPC by assessing somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs) by whole‐exome sequencing on five CRPC/normal paired formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) samples, using the SOLiD4 next‐generation sequencing (NGS) platform. Data were validated using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on a PCa progression cohort. PTK2 and YWHAZ amplification, mRNA and protein expression were determined in selected PCa cell lines. Effects of PTK2 inhibition using TAE226 inhibitor and YWHAZ knock‐down on cell proliferation and migration were tested in PC3 cells in vitro. In a larger validation cohort, the amplification frequency of YWHAZ was 3% in localized PCa and 48% in CRPC, whereas PTK2 was amplified in 1% of localized PCa and 35% in CRPC. YWHAZ knock‐down and PTK2 inhibition significantly affected cell proliferation and migration in the PC3 cells. Our findings suggest that inhibition of YWHAZ and PTK2 could delay the progression of the disease in CRPC patients harbouring amplification of the latter genes. Furthermore, our validated whole‐exome sequencing data show that FFPE tissue could be a promising alternative for SCNA screening using next‐generation sequencing technologies. Copyright © 2013 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hyperelastic characterization of the interlamellar domain and interphase layer in semicrystalline polyethylene
Authors: Ghazavizadeh Akbar , Rutledge Gregory C. , Atai Ali A. , Ahzi Saïd , Rémond Yves , Soltani Nasser 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThe interphase layer in semicrystalline polyethylene (PE) serves as the transition between the crystalline lamellae and the amorphous domains and is recognized as the third constituent of PE. When PE undergoes large deformations, this interphase layer together with the amorphous phase behaves hyperelastically. Because of the metastable nature and nanometric size of the interphase and its intimate mechanical coupling to the neighboring crystal and amorphous domains, detailed characterization of its hyperelastic properties have eluded detailed experimental evaluation. To extract these properties, a combined algorithm is proposed based on applying the constitutive relations of an isotropic, compressible, hyperelastic continuum to the molecular dynamics simulation results of a PE stack from Lee and Rutledge (Macromolecules 2011, 3096–3108). The simulation element is incrementally deformed to a large strain, during which the stress–strain information is recorded. Assuming a neo‐Hookean model, the tensorial constitutive equation is derived. The hyperelastic parameters for the central amorphous phase, the interphase layer, and the interlamellar domain are identified with the help of the optimization notion and a set of nonnegative objective functions. The identified hyperelastic parameters for the interlamellar domain are in good agreement with the ones estimated experimentally and frequently used in the literature for the noncrystalline phase. The specifically developed sensitivity analysis indicates that the shear modulus is identified with a higher degree of certainty, in contrast to the bulk modulus. It is also revealed that the presented continuum mechanics analysis is able to capture the melting/recrystallization and rotation of crystalline chains that take place during the deformation. The evolutions of the boundaries of the hyperelastic elements are also identified concurrently with the hyperelastic parameters as the by‐product of the presented methodology. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2013, 51, 1692–1704
Economic load dispatch with nonsmooth cost functions using evolutionary particle swarm optimization
Authors: Abdullah Mohd Noor , Abu Bakar Ab Halim , Rahim Nasrudin Abd , Moklis Hazlie 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis paper presents an evolutionary particle swarm optimization (EPSO) method for solving the nonconvex economic load dispatch (ELD) problem. In practice, the nonconvex and the discontinuous cost function should be considered when optimizing ELD problem with constraints such as valve point effects, prohibited operating zones, ramp‐rate limits, and transmission loss of the system. In view of these constraints, the ELD problem is difficult to solve by any mathematical method. In EPSO, the evolutionary programming concept (combination, tournament competition, sorting, and selection) is employed in the classical PSO method in order to find the best individual and best group position based on the survival particle. The effectiveness of the EPSO is tested on 3‐, 6‐, 15‐, and 38‐unit systems. The results obtained by EPSO are also compared with classical PSO and other results reported in the literature. It is concluded that the EPSO method can produce lower generation cost compared to the existing methods. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.