bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Core-shell-structured silica/polyacrylate particles prepared by Pickering emulsion: influence of the nucleation model on particle interfacial organization and emulsion stability
Authors: Ji Jing , Shu Shi , Wang Feng , Li Zhilin , Liu Jingjun , Song Ye , Jia Yi 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
This work reports a new evidence of the versatility of silica sol as a stabilizer for Pickering emulsions. The organization of silica particles at the oil-water interface is a function of the nucleation model. The present results show that nucleation model, together with monomer hydrophobicity, can be used as a trigger to modify the packing density of silica particles at the oil-water interface: Less hydrophobic methylmethacrylate, more wettable with silica particles, favors the formation of core-shell-structured composite when the composite particles are prepared by miniemulsion polymerization in which monomers are fed in batch (droplet nucleation). By contrast, hydrophobic butylacrylate promotes the encapsulating efficiency of silica when monomers are fed dropwise (homogeneous nucleation). The morphologies of polyacrylate-nano-SiO2 composites prepared from different feed ratio of methylmethacrylate/butylacrylate (with different hydrophobicity) and by different feed processes are characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The results from SEM and TEM show that the morphologies of the as-prepared polyacrylate/nano-SiO2 composite can be a core-shell structure or a bare acrylic sphere. The stability of resulting emulsions composed of these composite particles is strongly dependent on the surface coverage of silica particles. The emulsion stability is improved by densely silica-packed composite particles.
New approach for the treatment of osteoradionecrosis with pentoxifylline and tocopherol
Authors: Fan Huan , Kim Soung Min , Cho Yun Ju , Eo Mi Young , Lee Suk Keun , Woo Kyung Mi 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the jaw is a significant complication of radiotherapy for oral cavity cancer. In addition to antibiotic medication, treatment options such as hyperbaric oxygen therapy, surgical approaches, and combined therapy with pentoxifylline and tocopherol have been recently introduced.
In this review article, we will discuss the definition and classifications of osteoradionecrosis, its etiology and pathophysiology, previous treatment options, oral and maxillofacial complications of radiotherapy, basic information on pentoxifylline and tocopherol, recent reports of pentoxifylline and tocopherol combined therapy, and, finally, ORN-induced animal models and future approaches.
Pelvic peritonitis during biologic therapy for rheumatoid arthritis: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Sasaki Tsuyoshi , Okamura Koichi , Yonemoto Yukio , Okura Chisa , Takagishi Kenji 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Introduction
Infections are recognized as major complications during therapy with biologics and other immunosuppressant drugs. The respiratory tract, bone, joint, skin, and soft tissues are well known sites of infection in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated by biologics or other immunosuppressants. It is known that patients with intra-abdominal infections may develop tuberculous peritonitis during biologic therapy. However, non-tuberculous pelvic peritonitis is rare.

Case description
A case of a 46-year-old patient with RA developed pelvic peritonitis during therapy with MTX, tacrolimus (TAC), and golimumab (GLM). The patient visited our hospital due to a fever and general malaise. Physical findings included lower abdominal tenderness and rebound tenderness. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) images showed an intrauterine foreign body and ascites. The contraceptive ring was removed. Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus constellatus were cultured from the removed contraceptive ring. She was started on an antimicrobial agent, flomoxef (FMOX), at 2 g/day. The FMOX dosage was increased to 3 g/day from the 3rd day of disease and continued for 10 days. Her fever disappeared from the 4th disease day, and her inflammatory response then gradually decreased. No exacerbation of symptoms occurred even after the FMOX treatment was stopped, and the patient was discharged on the 14th disease day.

Discussion and evaluation
MTX and biologics were being administered at the time of onset of peritonitis. The peritonitis was diagnosed on the basis of the gynecological evaluation and CT imaging findings that were typical of peritonitis. The patient was in an immunosuppressed state during administration of anti-rheumatic drugs, and the peritonitis was thought to have developed due to an ascending infection via the long-term presence of the intrauterine contraceptive ring which had an attached string.

Conclusions
Before starting biological agents, patients must be questioned regarding the presence of an intrauterine foreign body.
Positive solutions to fractional boundary value problems with nonlinear boundary conditions
Authors: Feng Wenquan , Sun Shurong , Li Xinhui , Xu Meirong 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
We consider the existence of at least one positive solution of the problem

−

D

0
+

α

u
(
t
)
=
f
(
t
,
u
(
t
)
)

,

0
<
t
<
1

, under the circumstances that

u
(
0
)
=
0

,

u
(
1
)
=

H
1

(
φ
(
u
)
)
+

∫
E

H
2

(
s
,
u
(
s
)
)

d
s

, where

1
<
α
<
2

,

D

0
+

α

is the Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative, and

u
(
1
)
=

H
1

(
φ
(
u
)
)
+

∫
E

H
2

(
s
,
u
(
s
)
)

d
s

represents a nonlinear nonlocal boundary condition. By imposing some relatively mild structural conditions on f,

H
1

,

H
2

, and φ, one positive solution to the problem is ensured. Our results generalize the existing results and an example is given as well.

MSC: 34A08, 34B18.
Efficient production of l-menthol in a two-phase system with SDS using an immobilized Bacillus subtilis esterase
Authors: Pan Jiang , Dang Ngoc-Duy , Zheng Gao-Wei , Cheng Bo , Ye Qin , Xu Jian-He 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Background

levo-Menthol is an important flavoring chemical, which can be prepared by enantioselective enzymatic hydrolysis of dl-menthyl esters. A recombinant esterase (BsE) cloned from Bacillus subtilis 0554 shows excellent enantioselectivity to dl-menthyl acetate and has been immobilized using cross-linked enzyme aggregates. Though BsE has relatively high substrate tolerance, the conversion of dl-menthyl acetate decreased sharply with the increase of substrate loading from 1 to 3 M in mono-aqueous system, which might be due to the severe inhibition of enzyme activity at extremely high load of substrate or product. In this work, enzymatic hydrolysis of dl-menthyl acetate with an extremely high load using the immobilized CLEA-BsE was investigated in an organic-aqueous biphasic system containing surfactant to establish a promising bioprocess for large-scale production of l-menthol.

Results
An efficient biphasic reaction system of pentanol-water containing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was developed for improving enantioselective hydrolysis of dl-menthyl acetate to produce l-menthol by immobilized BsE. Under the optimized reaction conditions, l-menthol was produced in >97% enantiomeric excess (ee) at a substrate load of up to 3.0 M with >40% conversion.

Conclusions
All the positive features demonstrate the potential applicability of the bioprocess for the large-scale production of l-menthol.
A novel mouse model of creatine transporter deficiency
Authors: Baroncelli Laura , Alessandrì Maria Grazia , Tola Jonida , Putignano Elena , Migliore Martina , Amendola Elena , Gross Cornelius , Leuzzi Vincenzo , Cioni Giovanni , Pizzorusso Tommaso 
Published: September 2014

Mutations in the creatine (Cr) transporter (CrT) gene lead to cerebral creatine deficiency syndrome-1 (CCDS1), an X-linked metabolic disorder characterized by cerebral Cr deficiency causing intellectual disability, seizures, movement and behavioral disturbances, language and speech impairment ( OMIM #300352).CCDS1 is still an untreatable pathology that can be very invalidating for patients and caregivers. Only two murine models of CCDS1, one of which is an ubiquitous knockout mouse, are currently available to study the possible mechanisms underlying the pathologic phenotype of CCDS1 and to develop therapeutic strategies. Given the importance of validating phenotypes and efficacy of promising treatments in more than one mouse model we have generated a new murine model of CCDS1 obtained by ubiquitous deletion of 5-7 exons in theSlc6a8gene. We showed a remarkable Cr depletion in the murine brain tissues and cognitive defects, thus resembling the key features of human CCDS1. These results confirm that CCDS1 can be well modeled in mice. This CrT−/ymurine model will provide a new tool for increasing the relevance of preclinical studies to the human disease.
Association of Oxelytrum cayennense (Silphidae, Coleoptera) with Pig Carcasses (Sus scrofa, Suidae) in Terra Firme Areas in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
Authors: Ururahy-Rodrigues Alexandre , Rafael José Albertino , Pujol-Luz José Roberto , Henriques Augusto Loureiro , Queiroz Margareth Maria de Carvalho , Barbosa Rodrigo Rocha , Baroni Marcus Neves 
Published: September 2014

Colonization aspects of the carrion beetle Oxelytrum cayennense (Sturm) in man-size pig carcasses (~60 kg) are presented at Adolpho Ducke Forest Reserve, Manaus, Brazil. This species colonized pig carcasses from bloated to skeletonized stages. Adults were eventually observed preying on fly larvae from the second day postmortem and their larvae were observed from the fifth day postmortem feeding on skeletonized areas, probably cleaning the bones of the remaining soft tissues. Adult beetles with predatory behavior on the oldest Diptera larvae can impact their populations and thereby complicate the estimation of the time of death as these larvae are frequently used as a postmortem indicator. In addition, both larvae and adult developmental stages have potential use as a postmortem interval (PMI) indicator because the adult can colonizes carcasses from the second postmortem day onward and the larvae from the fifth day onward.
Associação de Oxelytrum cayennense, (Silphidae, Coleoptera) com Carcaças de Porcos (Sus scrofa, Suidae) em Áreas de Terra Firme em Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil Resumo. Aspectos da colonização do silfídeo Oxelytrum cayennense (Sturm) em carcaças de porcos do tamanho de um homem adulto na Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke são apresentados. Esta espécie colonizou as carcaças de porcos do estágio enfisematoso à esqueletização. Adultos foram observados eventualmente predando larvas de moscas a partir do segundo dia de intervalo pós-morte e suas larvas foram observadas a partir do quinto dia se alimentando em áreas esqueletizadas, provavelmente limpando os ossos dos tecidos moles remanescentes. O comportamento predatório dos adultos nas larvas de dípteros mais velhas podem impactar suas populações e complicar estimativas de intervalo pós-morte, uma vez que estas são freqüentemente usadas para esta estimativa. Além disso, adultos e larvas têm potencial uso como indicadores de intervalo pós-morte (IPM) porque o adulto pode colonizar carcaças do segundo dia em diante e as larvas do quinto dia em diante.
Incidência das Formas Imaturas de Aedes albopictus (Skuse) e Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) no Município de Miguel Pereira, RJ, Brasil
Authors: Barbosa Paulo Roberto Moreira , Rodrigues William Costa , Cabral Marise Maleck de Oliveira 
Published: September 2014

A presença de Aedes albopictus (Skuse) em área urbana representa um risco potencial do inter-relacionamento dessa espécie de mosquito com a população. Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar as formas imaturas de Ae. albopictus encontradas nos depósitos e imóveis do município de Miguel Pereira. O estudo foi realizado no período de 12 meses, ano de 2007, em 27 locais do município de Miguel Pereira, Estado do Rio de Janeiro. As larvas encontradas foram identificadas em laboratório e a análise dos dados foi calculada pelos índices de infestação predial e índice de Breteau. Os tipos de imóveis positivos foram residências (79,44% do total); terrenos baldios (2,56%); comércios (2,56%) e outros tipos de imóveis (15,04%) para Ae. albopictus, e residências (72,72% do total); comércios (6,06%); terrenos baldios (3,03%); e outros tipos de imóveis (18,18%) para Aedes aegypti (L.). Das 3731 larvas, 3562 (95,5%) eram de Ae. albopictus e 169 (4,5%) de Ae. aegypti. O mosquito Ae. albopictus mostrou-se mais presente nos criadouros que Ae. aegypti. A média do índice de infestação predial (IFP) e índice de Breteau (IB) para Ae. albopictus foi 1,0 e 1,9 e para Ae. aegypti de 0,1 e 0,1, respectivamente. As formas imaturas mais abundantemente encontradas no Município de Miguel Pereira no ano de 2007 foram de Ae. albopictus podendo futuramente se tornar um problema de saúde pública.
Incidence of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) Immature Form in Miguel Pereira, RJ, Brazil.
Abstract. The presence of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) in urban areas represents a potential risk of inter-relationship of this species of mosquito with the population. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of the Ae. albopictus immature forms in deposits and building at Miguel Pereira city, Rio de Janeiro State. The study was carried in the last 12 months, 2007, in 27 locations in Miguel Pereira city. The larvae were identified in laboratory and data analysis was calculated by indicators of building infestation index and the Breteau index. The positive buildings were: residential (79.44% of total); waste land (2.56%), shopping (2.56%) and other types of buildings (15.04%) to Ae. albopictus, and homes (72.72% of total), shopping (6.06%); waste land (3.03%) and other types of buildings (18.18%) to Ae. aegypti (L.). The larvae (3731) collected, 3562 (95.5%) were Ae. albopictus and 169 (4.5%) were Ae. aegypti. The Ae. albopictus are more present in breeding that Ae. aegypti. The average rate of building infestation index (IFP) and Breteau index (IB) for Ae. albopictus was 1.0 and 1.9 and for Ae. aegypti was 0.1 and 0.1, respectively. The Ae. albopictus immature larvae forms were more abundantly found in the Miguel Pereira city in 2007; in future it may become a public health problem.
Clinical handover on the labour ward: A narrative synthesis of the literature
Authors: Spranzi Francesca 
Published: September 2014

Objective: To assess the extent of current knowledge on clinical handover on the labour ward. Methods: Electronic database searching was supplemented by manual searching of the reference lists of retrieved articles. Results: A total of nine studies and articles were identified, reviewed and are presented as a narrative synthesis. Six of these include the use of a mnemonic during handover on labour ward, of which two report a postintervention reduction in serious clinical incidents. Conclusion: The literature available on clinical handover on labour ward is limited. Further research is needed to develop evidence to guide clinical practice in relation to handover of care on labour ward.
Object lessons: Copying and reconstruction as a teaching strategy
Authors: Minkin Louisa , Dawson Ian 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
As tutors at Winchester School of Art we have worked through a series of copy projects over the past four years. We began remaking historic art objects including Anthony Caro’s Early One Morning (1962) and Jean Tinguely’s Homage to New York (1960). Works were fabricated collectively with undergraduate fine art students and staged at an end of term event. The project developed to reconstruct apparatus to make copies, including François Willème’s Photosculpture apparatus: a paradigm for nineteenth-century modernity that provides a genealogy for three-dimensional (3D) prototyping and is arguably an antecedent of cybernetic culture. Obsolete technological positions were restaged in order to better understand current cultures. Over this process, which we characterize as a material historiography, we have worked collaboratively with archaeologists at the University of Southampton to share practice and knowledge around both contemporary visualization technologies and ancient processes, most recently working speculatively through the production process of carved Neolithic artefacts. Both projects draw together technical and contextual teaching and define new uses of space and collective research structures.
The occurrence of Dictyota canariensis (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae) in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Lozano-Orozco Jorge G. , Sentíes Abel , Díaz-Larrea Jhoana , Pedroche Francisco F. , de Clerck Olivier 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The brown alga Dictyota canariensis (Grunow) Tronholm has so far been reported only from the eastern Atlantic Ocean (Canary Islands, Cape Verde, Madeira). In the present work, we record the species for the first time from the shores of the Gulf of Mexico, occurring in Montepío, Veracruz. The specimens were collected in December 2011 and October 2013, growing in the intertidal zone on moderately exposed rocky shores. To confirm the identification, we conducted phylogenetic analyses, combining the partial sequences of psbA and cox1 genes of l7 taxa. The low uncorrected “p” distance values obtained between Mexican and Canary Island specimens for each gene (0.3% for psbA and 1.8% for cox1) are indicative that these specimens most likely belong to the same species. The low genetic divergence is corroborated by morphological observations, which show that the Mexican specimens share the presence of rectangular pigmented patches near the rounded to obtuse apices, margins with triangle-shaped teeth, and a monostromatic medulla with D. canariensis. Additionally, male reproductive structures are described for the first time for this species.
Urinary prevalence, metabolite detection rates, temporal patterns and evaluation of suitable LC-MS/MS targets to document synthetic cannabinoid intake in US military urine specimens
Authors: Wohlfarth Ariane , Scheidweiler Karl B. , Castaneto Marisol , Gandhi Adarsh S. , Desrosiers Nathalie A. , Klette Kevin L. , Martin Thomas M. , Huestis Marilyn A. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIdentifying synthetic cannabinoid designer drug abuse challenges toxicologists and drug testing programs. The best analytical approach for reliably documenting intake of emerging synthetic cannabinoids is unknown. Primarily metabolites are found in urine, but optimal metabolite targets remain unknown, and definitive identification is complicated by converging metabolic pathways.We screened 20,017 US military urine specimens collected from service members worldwide for synthetic cannabinoids between July 2011 and June 2012. We confirmed 1432 presumptive positive and 1069 presumptive negative specimens by qualitative liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis including 29 biomarkers for JWH-018, JWH-073, JWH-081, JWH-122, JWH-200, JWH-210, JWH-250, RCS-4, AM2201 and MAM2201. Specimen preparation included enzyme hydrolysis and acetonitrile precipitation prior to LC-MS/MS analysis. We evaluated individual synthetic cannabinoid metabolite detection rates, prevalence, temporal patterns and suitable targets for analytical procedures.Prevalence was 1.4% with 290 confirmed positive specimens, 92% JWH-018, 54% AM2201 and 39% JWH-122 metabolites. JWH-073, JWH-210 and JWH-250 also were identified in 37%, 4% and 8% of specimens, respectively. The United States Army Criminal Investigation Command seizure pattern for synthetic cannabinoid compounds matched our urine specimen results over the time frame of the study. Apart from one exception (AM2201), no parent compounds were observed.Hydroxyalkyl metabolites accounted for most confirmed positive tests, and in many cases, two metabolites were identified, increasing confidence in the results, and improving detection rates. These data also emphasize the need for new designer drug metabolism studies to provide relevant targets for synthetic cannabinoid identification.
Characterization of dissolved lignins from acetic acid Lignofibre (LGF) organosolv pulping and discussion of its delignification mechanisms
Authors: Kangas Heli , Liitiä Tiina , Rovio Stella , Ohra-aho Taina , Heikkinen Harri , Tamminen Tarja , Poppius-Levlin Kristiina 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Birch chips were cooked by means of the Lignofibre (LGF) organosolv process in acetic acid (AA) and phosphinic acid (H3PO2) at 150°C. The delignification rate and structure of the dissolved lignin was followed as a function of time. The degree of delignification increased steadily up to 88% during the 120 min treatment time. The dissolved lignins were precipitated from the spent liquor (SL) by water addition, washed, and purified for the analyses. Elemental analysis, 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), heteronuclear single-quantum coherence (HSQC) NMR, pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) were applied for the structural elucidation. It was found that the cleavage of the β-aryl ether linkages is the main reaction leading to delignification, accompanied by the formation of free phenolic hydroxyl groups and reduction in the content of aliphatic hydroxyl groups. The structure of the dissolved lignin remained the same after the drastic changes at the early stages of cooking (up to 30 min cooking time), indicating that secondary reactions (e.g., condensation) do not take place to a significant extent. H3PO2 probably enhances the acidolysis reaction via an ester derivative that both boosts the cleavage reaction and prevents the formation of the carbocation intermediate that induces condensation. Homolytic cleavage reactions may take place parallel to the acidolytic reactions.