bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transmission Frequencies of Introgressed Festuca pratensis Chromosomes and Chromosome Segments in Lolium perenne
Authors: King Julie , Armstead Ian , Harper John , King Ian 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTThe introgression of genetic variation from related species into crops provides an important route by which superior plant varieties can be produced. The primary aim of introgression involves the transfer of a small chromosome segment from a related species into a chromosome of a crop species (via recombination at meiosis) to generate an interspecific recombinant chromosome. Very little is known about the selective pressures that act on the products of interspecific recombination. Seven monosomic substitution lines were developed between Lolium perenne and Festuca pratensis. When each line was backcrossed to L. perenne recombination occurred between the F. pratensis chromosome and its L. perenne homoeologue, resulting in backcross populations carrying L. perenne/F. pratensis recombinant chromosomes. This paper describes the relationship between the frequency of generation of interspecific recombinant chromosomes with the frequency of their transmission to the next generation. The results reveal the presence of neutral, negative, and positive selection pressures for the transmission of F. pratensis chromosomes and L. perenne/F. pratensis recombinant chromosomes through the gametes to the next generation. The type of selection pressure observed depended on which linkage group the F. pratensis chromosome under study was derived from. The implications of these results are discussed.
Self-Esteem Evaluation in Children and Adolescents Suffering from ADHD
Authors: Mazzone Luigi , Postorino Valentina , Reale Laura , Guarnera Manuela , Mannino Valeria , Armando Marco , Fatta Laura , De Peppo Lavinia , Vicari Stefano 
Published: July 2013

Background:Several recent studies investigated the relationship between self-esteem and ADHD, however, the results are still controversial. In the present study we analyze the characteristics of self-esteem in a sample of children and adolescents suffering from ADHD, with a particular focus on the relationship between ADHD symptoms severity and treatment strategies.Methods:A total of 85 patients with ADHD (44 drug-free and 41 drug-treated, 23 of which atomoxetine-treated and 18 Methylphenidate-treated) and 26 healthy controls were enrolled in the study in order to evaluate self-esteem using the Self-esteem Multidimensional Test (TMA).Results:ADHD subjects revealed lower scores on all self-esteem domains compared to controls. Both ADHD drug-free (47.1%) and ADHD drug-treated (44.1%) groups showed significantly higher rates of subjects in the pathological range as compared to normal control group (8.8%) (p <.001) with a higher percentage of subjects in the pathological range. Among ADHD drug-treated subjects, the methylphenidate group showed higher self-esteem scores as compared to the atomoxetine group.Conclusion:A lower self-esteem profile is more common in subjects suffering from ADHD than in healthy controls, suggesting the importance of an early detection of psychological well-being in these children in order to reduce the ADHD symptoms long-term impacts.
Prevalence of Apparent Treatment-Resistant Hypertension among Individuals with CKD
Authors: Tanner Rikki M. , Calhoun David A. , Bell Emmy K. , Bowling C. Barrett , Gutiérrez Orlando M. , Irvin Marguerite R. , Lackland Daniel T. , Oparil Suzanne , Warnock David , Muntner Paul 
Published: July 2013

Summary

Background and objectives
Apparent treatment-resistant hypertension is defined as systolic/diastolic BP≥140/90 mmHg with concurrent use of three or more antihypertensive medication classes or use of four or more antihypertensive medication classes regardless of BP level.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
The prevalence of apparent treatment-resistant hypertension among Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke study participants treated for hypertension (n=10,700) was determined by level of estimated GFR and albumin-to-creatinine ratio, and correlates of apparent treatment-resistant hypertension among those participants with CKD were evaluated. CKD was defined as an albumin-to-creatinine ratio≥30 mg/g or estimated GFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m2.

Results
The prevalence of apparent treatment-resistant hypertension was 15.8%, 24.9%, and 33.4% for those participants with estimated GFR≥60, 45–59, and <45 ml/min per 1.73 m2, respectively, and 12.1%, 20.8%, 27.7%, and 48.3% for albumin-to-creatinine ratio<10, 10–29, 30–299, and ≥300 mg/g, respectively. The multivariable-adjusted prevalence ratios (95% confidence intervals) for apparent treatment-resistant hypertension were 1.25 (1.11 to 1.41) and 1.20 (1.04 to 1.37) for estimated GFR levels of 45–59 and <45 ml/min per 1.73 m2, respectively, versus ≥60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 and 1.54 (1.39 to 1.71), 1.76 (1.57 to 1.97), and 2.44 (2.12 to 2.81) for albumin-to-creatinine ratio levels of 10–29, 30–299, and ≥300 mg/g, respectively, versus albumin-to-creatinine ratio<10 mg/g. After multivariable adjustment, men, black race, larger waist circumference, diabetes, history of myocardial infarction or stroke, statin use, and lower estimated GFR and higher albumin-to-creatinine ratio levels were associated with apparent treatment-resistant hypertension among individuals with CKD.

Conclusions
This study highlights the high prevalence of apparent treatment-resistant hypertension among individuals with CKD.
AKI
Authors: Bonventre Joseph V. , Basile David , Liu Kathleen D. , McKay Dianne , Molitoris Bruce A. , Nath Karl A. , Nickolas Thomas L. , Okusa Mark D. , Palevsky Paul M. , Schnellmann Rick , Rys-Sikora Krystyna , Kimmel Paul L. , Star Robert A. 
Published: July 2013

Summary
The Kidney Research National Dialogue, supported by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, asked the scientific community to formulate and prioritize research objectives that would improve our understanding of kidney function and disease. High-priority objectives for AKI were identified, including enhancing training and collaborative opportunities, improving phenotyping and development of clinical tools, expanding our understanding of the pathophysiology and interaction between injury and reparative processes, and identifying determinants of long-term outcomes. Research in animal models must be translated to improve diagnosis and treatment of patients. The objectives identified by the Kidney Research National Dialogue provide the research community with future opportunities for improving the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of people with AKI.
Beyond the Futility Argument
Authors: Rinehart Ann 
Published: July 2013

Summary
Futility is an ancient concept arising from Greek mythology that was resurrected for its medical application in the 1980s with the proliferation of many lifesaving technologies, including dialysis and renal transplantation. By that time, the domineering medical paternalism that characterized the pre-1960s physician–patient relationship morphed into assertive patient autonomy, and some patients began to claim the right to demand aggressive, high-technology interventions, despite physician disapproval. To counter this power struggle, the establishment of a precise definition of futility offered hope for a futility policy that would allow physicians to justify withholding or withdrawing treatment, despite patient and family objections. This article reviews the various attempts made to define medical futility and describes their limited applicability to dialysis. When futility concerns arise, physicians should recognize the opportunity to address conflict, using best practice communication skills. Physicians would also benefit from understanding the ethical principles of respect for patient autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice, and professional integrity that underlie medical decision-making. Also reviewed is the use of a fair process approach or time-limited trial when conflict resolution cannot be achieved. These topics are addressed in the Renal Physician Association’s clinical practice guideline Shared Decision-Making in the Appropriate Initiation and Withdrawal from Dialysis, with which nephrologists should be well versed. A case presentation of intractable calciphylaxis in a new dialysis patient illustrates the pitfalls of physicians not fully appreciating the ethics of medical decision-making and failing to use effective conflict management approaches in the clinical practice guideline.
Kidney Disease and Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Heher Eliot C. , Rennke Helmut G. , Laubach Jacob P. , Richardson Paul G. 
Published: July 2013

Summary
Kidney injury is a common complication of multiple myeloma and other plasma cell dyscrasias, and it is associated with increased mortality. Multiple pathogenic mechanisms can contribute to kidney injury in the patient with myeloma, some of which are the result of nephrotoxic monoclonal Ig and some of which are independent of paraprotein deposition. The pathogenic mechanisms that underlie paraprotein-related kidney disease are increasingly well understood. A novel assay allowing the quantification of free light chains in the serum has aided the diagnosis of new onset disease and allowed for the earlier detection of relapse. Novel myeloma agents have shown considerable promise in reversing renal failure in some patients and improving outcomes. Stem cell transplantation remains a mainstay of management for younger patients with myeloma who are suitable candidates for intensive therapy, whereas the role of new drugs, plasma exchange, and kidney transplantation continues to evolve.
How Auditor Legal Liability Influences the Detection and Frequency of Fraudulent Financial Reporting
Authors: Burton F. Greg , Wilks T. Jeffrey , Zimbelman Mark F. 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARY
In today's legal environment, auditors who fail to detect fraud face potentially extreme liabilities because of the possibility of biased juries and other factors that can result in extreme legal liabilities for auditors. This paper summarizes a recent study (“The Impact of Audit Penalty Distributions on the Detection and Frequency of Fraudulent Reporting”; Burton et al. [2011]), which used an experimental economics research method to investigate how the legal liability for failing to detect fraud influences auditors' efforts to detect financial reporting fraud and auditees' commission of such fraud. The experiments show that a penalty system that is not subject to extreme legal liabilities for the auditor, but has the same expected value (i.e., average penalties) as a system that is subject to extreme liabilities, increases auditors' effort to detect fraud and decreases fraudulent reporting by auditees.
Comments of the Standards Committee of the Auditing Section of the American Accounting Association on PCAOB Reproposed Auditing Standard on Related Parties
Authors: Mintchik Natalia , Pevzner Mikhail , Sierra Gregory 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARY
On May 7, 2013, the Public Companies Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) solicited public comments on its reproposed exposure draft of the Auditing Standard on Related Parties (Docket 038: Proposed Auditing Standard on Related Parties and Related Amendments to PCAOB Auditing Standards). The two-month comment period ended on July 8, 2013. This commentary summarizes the contributors' views on this exposure draft.
Data Availability: The exposure draft and other related information is available at: http://pcaobus.org/Rules/Rulemaking/Pages/Docket038.aspx
Haphazard Sampling: Selection Biases and the Estimation Consequences of These Biases
Authors: Hall Thomas W. , Higson Andrew W. , Pierce Bethane Jo , Price Kenneth H. , Skousen Christopher J. 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARY
This article summarizes our recent study, “Haphazard Sampling: Selection Biases Induced by Control Listing Properties and the Estimation Consequences of These Biases” (Hall et al. 2012). Haphazard sampling is a nonstatistical technique used by auditors to simulate random sampling when testing the error status of accounting populations. Our study compared the properties of haphazard samples selected from control listings with the properties of random samples. We hypothesized that haphazard samples differ from random samples because the haphazard selection process is influenced by: (1) auditor behaviors intended to minimize sample selection effort and to ensure a diversified sample composition, and (2) variations in the appearance of control listing entries. Results from three experiments confirmed multiple differences between haphazard samples and random samples, and suggest that haphazard sampling may not be a reliable substitute for random sampling. In the absence of effective remediation procedures, continued use of haphazard sampling may expose auditors to additional audit, legal, and regulatory risk.
Real linear isometries between function algebras. II
Authors: Hatori Osamu , Miura Takeshi 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe describe the general form of isometries between uniformly closed function algebras on locally compact Hausdorff spaces in a continuation of the study by Miura. We can actually obtain the form on the Shilov boundary, rather than just on the Choquet boundary. We also give an example showing that the form cannot be extended to the whole maximal ideal space.
Gromov hyperbolicity of planar graphs
Authors: Cantón Alicia , Granados Ana , Pestana Domingo , Rodríguez José 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe prove that under appropriate assumptions adding or removing an infinite amount of edges to a given planar graph preserves its non-hyperbolicity, a result which is shown to be false in general. In particular, we make a conjecture that every tessellation graph of ℝ2 with convex tiles is non-hyperbolic; it is shown that in order to prove this conjecture it suffices to consider tessellation graphs of ℝ2 such that every tile is a triangle and a partial answer to this question is given. A weaker version of this conjecture stating that every tessellation graph of ℝ2 with rectangular tiles is non-hyperbolic is given and partially answered. If this conjecture were true, many tessellation graphs of ℝ2 with tiles which are parallelograms would be non-hyperbolic.
Abstract Korovkin-type theorems in modular spaces and applications
Authors: Bardaro Carlo , Boccuto Antonio , Dimitriou Xenofon , Mantellini Ilaria 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe prove some versions of abstract Korovkin-type theorems in modular function spaces, with respect to filter convergence for linear positive operators, by considering several kinds of test functions. We give some results with respect to an axiomatic convergence, including almost convergence. An extension to non positive operators is also studied. Finally, we give some examples and applications to moment and bivariate Kantorovich-type operators, showing that our results are proper extensions of the corresponding classical ones.
Motor function after stereotactic radiosurgery for brain metastases in the region of the motor cortex
Authors: Luther Neal , Kondziolka Douglas , Kano Hideyuki , Mousavi Seyed H. , Flickinger John C. , Lunsford L. Dade 
Published: July 2013

Object
The authors sought to better define the clinical response of patients who underwent stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for brain metastases located in the region of the motor cortex.

Methods
A retrospective analysis was performed in 2026 patients with brain metastasis who underwent SRS with the Gamma Knife between 2002 and 2012, and multiple factors that affect motor function before and after SRS were evaluated. Ninety-four patients with tumors ≥ 1.5 cm in diameter located in or adjacent to the motor strip were identified, including 2 patients with bilateral motor strip metastases.

Results
Motor function improved after SRS in 30 (31%) of 96 cases, remained stable in 48 (50%), and worsened over time in 18 (19%) instances. Forty-seven patients had no motor weakness prior to radiosurgery; 10 (22%) developed new Grade 3/5–4/5 weakness. Thirty (68%) of 44 patients with ≥ 3/5 pre-SRS weakness improved, 6 (14%) remained stable, and 8 (18%) worsened. Three of 5 patients with < 3/5 pre-SRS motor function improved. Motor deficits prior to SRS did not correlate with a worse outcome; however, worse outcomes were associated with larger tumor volumes. The median tumor volume in patients whose function improved or remained stable was 5.3 cm3, but it was 9.2 cm3 in patients who worsened (p < 0.05). Tumor volumes > 9 cm3 were associated with a higher risk of worsening motor function. Adverse radiation effects occurred in 5 patients.

Conclusions
Most intact patients with brain metastases in or adjacent to motor cortex maintained neurological function after SRS, and most patients with symptomatic motor weakness remained stable or improved. Larger tumor volumes were associated with less satisfactory outcomes.
An assessment of academic productivity in pediatric neurosurgery
Authors: Kalra Ricky R. , Kestle John R. W. 
Published: July 2013

Object
Various bibliometric indices are now commonly used to assess academic productivity in medicine. Some evidence suggests that these measures are specific to subspecialty areas. The authors' goal was to measure the h index of academic pediatric neurosurgeons and compare it with previously reported results for academic neurosurgeons in general.

Methods
Programs with an Accreditation Council for Pediatric Neurosurgery Fellowships–approved fellowship were identified, and the h and g indices of each of their surgeons were calculated. These were correlated with academic rank and compared with published literature on academic neurosurgical departments.

Results
Seventy-two pediatric neurosurgeons had a mean h index of 16.6 and a mean g index of 29.5. Both indices increased with progressive academic rank. The rank-specific mean index for academic pediatric neurosurgeons was similar to that of neurosurgeons from academic departments in general.

Conclusions
Overall, the authors conclude that the h index metric is a reasonable measure of academic productivity in the pediatric neurosurgery arena that provides a robust measure of an individual's contribution to the pediatric neurosurgery literature. Like its counterpart in neurosurgery in general, the h index for pediatric neurosurgeons correlates with institutional rank. The h index calculation also reveals the productivity of the pediatric neurosurgeons to be on par with the productivity of neurosurgeons in general.
Les voûtes d'ogives du Promenoir des moines au Mont-Saint-Michel et le problème de leur datation
Authors: Gallet Yves 
Published: July 2013

The pointed vaults ofthe monks' promenade at Mont-Saint-Michel and the problem oftheir dating, by Yves Gallet
Ever since the re-examination of the vaults of the abbey of Lessay by Yves-Marie Froidevaux in 1958, most historians of Mont-Saint-Michel have dated the pointed vaults of the monks' promenade to the abbacy of Roger 11(1106-1122). They would thus be among the oldest preserved examples in the Anglo-Norman world of this new kind of vault, and this would place Mont-Saint-Michel among the monuments presage the bossoming of early Gothic art in the Capetian domain. The archaeological and stylistic study of the edifice, however, leads to different conclusions. The vaults of the promenade are datable to the late twelfth or early thirteenth century and were constructed during the abbacy of Robert de Torigny ( 1154- 1186) or more probably that of Jourdain (1191-1212). The latter hypothesis would suggest that the work on the promenade was part of the refurbishing of the conxentual buildings after the fire that parrially destroved the monastery in 1204, a few years before the decision was taken to open a new work-site further to the east : la Merveille.
Le château de Sainte-Hermine (Vendée) : archéologie de la demeure d'un seigneur huguenot du début du XVIIe siècle
Authors: Delaval Alain 
Published: July 2013

Das Schloss von Sainte-Hermine in der Nähe von Fontenay-le-Comte wurde auf den Fundamenten einer ehemaligen Burg der Herzöge von La Tremoïlle, dem Sitz der Herrschaft von Sainte-Hermine, durch den hugenottischen Edelmann Jacques des Nouhes, Herrn von La Labariere, und Schwiegersohn des hugenottischen Gouverneurs von Saumur, du Plessis-Mornav, wiedererrichtet. Diese neue Schlossresidenz, die unvollendet geblieben ist und einen Turm des Vorgängerbaus einbezieht, wurde im Jahre 1620 von einem ansonsten unbekannten Steinmerzmeister namens Mathurin Bernard erbaut.
Der Adelssitz setzt sich zusammen aus einem Hauptgebäude (Corps de Logis), das umgeben ist von dem älteren Turm im Osten, von einem Wohntrakt im Westen, und von dem Stumpf eines rückwärtigen Flügels im Nordwesten, der niemals gebaut wurde, und der vielleicht eine Galerie aufnehmen sollte. Dieses Schloss, das nach dem Tode von Madame des Nouhes und ihren beiden Söhnen unbewohnt blieb und den größten Feil des 18. Jahrhunderts leer stand, wurde in den 1830er Jahren durch den Vicomte de La Poëze im Inneren umgestaltet, sowie um 1877 durch Armand-Eugène Landois.
Durch neue Umbaumaßnahmen im Inneren konnten Fragmente originaler, bemalter Wandverkleidungen freigelegt weiden, insbesondere ein vollständig mit einem heraldischen Dekor von königlichen Wappen ausgemaltes Zimmer, der wahrscheinlich anlässlich des Besuchs von König Ludwig XIII. im April 1622 ausgeführt wurde.
In vitro antiviral activity and underlying molecular mechanisms of dipotassium glycyrrhetate against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus
Authors: Wang Zhi-Wei , Sun Na , Wu Cai-Hong , Jiang Jun-Bing , Bai Yuan-Sheng , Li Hong-Quan 
Published: July 2013

Background Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has caused large economic losses in the swine industry. Currently, there is no effective way to prevent PRRSV infection. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of dipotassium glycyrrhetate (DG), a derivative of glycyrrhetinic acid, on PRRSV infection ability. Methods The cytotoxicity of DG was measured by MTT assay, and the effects of DG on PRRSV N gene/protein were investigated using real-time PCR, western blot and immunofluorescence assay. In addition, the effect of DG on cell apoptosis was analysed by fluorescence staining. Results Our results indicated that DG could effectively inhibit virus replication and N gene expression in MARC-145 cells infected with PRRSV. When the infected cells received DG, the numbers of apoptotic cells were decreased, and the cleaved caspase-3 contents were decreased dramatically. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that DG could effectively inhibit the PRRS virus via multiple pathways including inhibition of virus replication and N gene expression and reduction of apoptotic cells. DG can serve as a potential chemical for PRRSV prevention and control.
Un regard différent sur la psychopathologie
Authors: Odier Geneviève 
Published: July 2013

Pouvoir poser un autre regard sur la psychopathologie demande, après avoir défini ce terme d’une part dans le contexte psychiatrique et d’autre part dans le contexte de l’Approche centrée sur la personne, de porter un regard sur soi et sur sa façon d’être au monde. Si nous reconnaissons l’incontestable interconnexion entre les individus, nous comprenons que ce que nous pouvons comprendre de nous-mêmes nous aide à comprendre les autres et réciproquement. La vision de Carl Rogers sur les capacités d’actualisation de la personne décourage, par son ouverture et son acceptation d’une réalité mouvante, toutes tentatives réductionnistes de cataloguer l’être humain. À travers une rétrospective de ses convictions, la nécessité de se libérer des conventions limitantes paraît évidente. Rogers nous conduit par sa foi inébranlable en un processus de vie fluide et directionnel dans une dimension spatiale où la dynamique d’une compréhension intuitive donne à notre conscience la possibilité d’élargir son champ d’exploration ; une tentative de percevoir une coïncidence parfaite entre soi et le monde.