bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fungicide Spray Volume and Pruning Impact Performance of a Warning System for Sooty Blotch and Flyspeck on Apple
Authors: Batzer Jean C. , McManus Patricia S. , Gleason Mark L. 
Published: November 2013

The sooty blotch and flyspeck (SBFS) fungal complex degrades apples by blemishing the surface, reducing the fresh market value up to 90%. In the Upper Midwest United States, growers apply 3 to 8 fungicide sprays starting shortly after petal fall until harvest. The Brown/Sutton/Hartman SBFS warning system uses the duration of daily wet periods to extend the interval between the fungicide spray that is applied 10 days after petal fall (“first cover spray”) and the subsequent spray (“second cover spray”) to until a 175-h cumulative threshold is reached. When we tested this warning system in the Upper Midwest, SBFS incidence was significantly higher in the warning system treatments than in the calendar-based controls in 12 of 28 demonstration trials in commercial orchards. The causes for failure of the warning system were uncertain, but may have been related to pruning and spray volume practices by individual growers. In this study, we compared the effects of pruning and spray volume on the performance of the Brown/Sutton/Hartman warning system in Wisconsin and Iowa. Results of six orchard-year replicated trials and nine non-replicated demonstrations in commercial orchards suggested that both annual pruning and spray volume of at least 100 gal/acre enhance the success of this SBFS warning system and these practices were more beneficial with semi-dwarf than fully dwarf trees. Accepted for publication 17 June 2013. Published 30 September 2013.
Identification of Lily mottle virus and Lily symptomless virus Co-infecting Asiatic Lily in Ohio
Authors: Fisher John R. , Rutherford Savannah C. , Fleming Nicole K. 
Published: November 2013

In this brief, the authors report the first detection of Lily mottle virus and Lily symptomless virus co-infecting Asiatic lily in Ohio. Accepted for publication 16 October 2013. Published 17 October 2013.
Retardation of fatigue crack growth in aircraft aluminium alloys via laser heating
Authors: Schnubel Dirk , Horstmann Manfred , Huber Norbert 
Published: November 2013

Purpose
– While normally the formation of thermally induced residual stresses is seen mainly as detrimental side effect from production processes like welding or casting, the well-directed introduction of thermal residual stresses can also be used as tool to retard fatigue crack growth (FCG). In the presented paper, the use of a defocused laser to modify the residual stress state, and by that to retard the FCG, is examined. The focus lies on the simulation-based optimisation of the heating line position for achieving a maximum fatigue life. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– In the presented work, the developed prediction methodology for the FCG coupling process simulation and subsequent fracture mechanics analysis is used to identify the optimum positioning of either one or two heating lines on a C(T)100 specimen that leads to a maximised total lifetime. Afterwards, the prediction results are validated experimentally for selected cases.

Findings
– The predictions match the experiments within the experimental scatter indicating the correct identification of the optimum heating line positions. This demonstrates the large potential for reducing the experimental effort needed for design optimisation using the proposed strategy.

Originality/value
– The used methodology of coupling of welding simulation with subsequent fracture mechanics analysis in order to optimise the FCG behaviour of structures is innovative and only very few published studies addressed parts of similar approaches.
Task and relationship orientation of Chinese students and managers in the automotive industry
Authors: G. Mujtaba Bahaudin , Cai Hongmin , Lian Yunshan , Ping Han 
Published: November 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this research is to study the management approach of automotive industry managers and students in China.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper focused on comparing the leadership orientation of respondents and compared 200 working managers with 181 graduate students in the automotive industry.

Findings
– It appears that these Chinese respondents from the automotive industry have significantly higher scores on the relationship orientation than task orientation. Managers have significantly higher scores on both dimensions of leadership. Similarly, the female respondents in China had similar scores as their male colleagues.

Research limitations/implications
– It appears that being socialized in a collectivistic or high context culture can lead to higher focus on relationship orientation. Based on the results, practical implications and application for future research are explored.

Originality/value
– This paper is original and analyzes the leadership orientation of respondents.
Determinants of safe food handling behaviors among middle school youth
Authors: Quick Virginia , Byrd-Bredbenner Carol , W. Corda Kirsten 
Published: November 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine key determinants (i.e. knowledge, perceived susceptibility, attitudes, confidence, behavioral intentions) associated with practicing health-protective behaviors that could inform development of programs and strategies for improving food handling behaviors of middle school youth.

Design/methodology/approach
– Middle schoolers (n=1,102; 50 percent boys) completed a questionnaire with the following topics: demographics, food safety knowledge, usual food safety behaviors, perceived susceptibility to foodborne illness, attitude toward food safety, confidence (self-efficacy) in practicing safe food handling procedures, and intended safe food handling behaviors.

Findings
– Middle schoolers had insufficient food safety knowledge ( ˜50 percent incorrect responses) even though most reported washing their hands before making a snack and washing fruits and vegetables before eating them. Spearman correlation analyses indicated that food safety knowledge and perceived susceptibility to foodborne illness was weakly correlated (r
s≤0.18) and in some instances not significantly correlated with actual behaviors, attitudes, self-efficacy, and behavioral intentions. Attitudes, behavioral intentions, and self-efficacy were key determinants that were significantly and highly correlated (r
s<0.70) with each other. Additionally, knowing when to wash hands was significantly correlated (r
s≤0.13) with actual handwashing behaviors, and attitudes, behavioral intentions, and self-efficacy whereas knowing how to wash hands was not.

Originality/value
– Food safety interventions for youth should aim to increase knowledge, challenge perceptions of susceptibility to foodborne illness, and motivate adoption of new safe food handling behaviors, while supporting their already positive food safety attitudes, self-efficacy, and behavioral intentions.
Iodine concentration in drinking water sources of selected villages in Ramtek Tehsil, Nagpur district, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Vikas Jambhulkar Shubhada , Anvar Vali Sabiha 
Published: November 2013

Purpose
– Iodine content in drinking water is a reflection of the iodine level of rocks and soil of the region. Different water sources have different levels of iodine; this makes variability in concentration of iodine content. The present study was done to estimate the iodine content in drinking water from different water sources of Ramtek villages in Nagpur district identified with sporadic cases of endemic goiter. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– The water samples were collected from seven villages from Ramtek taluka, which included well, bore well and tap water. Water was collected in clean and dry glass bottles from each source from the entire villages under study. The analysis of the water samples was done by the method of Karmarkar et al.

Findings
– Iodine content of water samples varied from 17.42 to 43.55 μg/l in tap water, 17.42-21.77 μg/l in well water and 8.7-37.02 μg/l bore well water. The mean iodine content was found to be highest (34.04±11.44 μg/l) in tap water, while bore well water and well water showed 20.46±14.16 μg/l and 19.59±3.07 μg/l, respectively.

Originality/value
– The endemic area has been surveyed by the author – the data generated and analyzed – the findings of which are independently arrived. The study is helpful for students, academicians, independent researchers, and the government policy makers for their further research, policy formulation and implementation.
Nutrition knowledge in relation to the eating behaviour and attitudes of Slovenian schoolchildren
Authors: Kostanjevec Stojan , Jerman Janez , Koch Verena 
Published: November 2013

Purpose
– Children's eating habits are influenced by numerous social and individual factors. The present study aimed to evaluate the connection between nutrition knowledge of children and their eating habits as well as their attitudes towards healthy eating habits.

Design/methodology/approach
– The research study included 630 11-year-old children from 27 randomly selected Slovenian schools. During the research, children attended the sixth grade of the nine-year elementary school and on average were subject to 38.6 h of mandatory nutritional contents, which are planned in the curriculum of home economics. At the end of the school year, nutrition knowledge was checked with a knowledge test consisting of 27 questions. Considering the achieved results, children were classified into three knowledge categories: low, fairly good, and good nutrition knowledge. Children's eating habits were assessed with a food-frequency questionnaire, while the five-degree Likert scale was used to assess their attitudes to healthy eating habits. Differences in children's eating habits and attitudes in reference to the category of knowledge were determined through analysis of variance.

Findings
– The results demonstrated that children with better nutrition knowledge have healthier eating habits and a more positive attitude towards them than children with poor nutrition knowledge.

Originality/value
– The study results demonstrate the link between children's nutrition knowledge and attitudes on the one hand and eating habits on the other which justifies the importance of providing formal and informal nutrition education to children.
Students' need for cognition affects their information seeking behavior
Authors: Mokhtari Heidar , Davarpanah Mohammad-Reza , Dayyani Mohammad-Hossein , Ahanchian Mohammad-Reza 
Published: November 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of students' need for cognition (NFC) on their information seeking behavior (ISB).

Design/methodology/approach
– Out of 19,965 students enrolled in Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran, during the academic year of 2010-2011, 364 students were selected as the study sample. They were asked to complete the “need for cognition scale” and the “information seeking behavior questionnaire”.

Findings
– Students' NFC affected their ISB. The students' ISB was significantly different based on their NFC levels. It has been concluded that NFC is an important cognitive factor in directing ISB.

Originality/value
– This study makes a contribution toward enriching knowledge on psychological traits embedded in information seeking behavior. Such studies are beneficial to library and information science researchers as well as librarians and system designers.
Publishing and accessibility: past, present, and future
Authors: Spires Margaret 
Published: November 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the Future Publishing and Accessibility Conference held in Copenhagen, Denmark on June 13-14, 2013.

Design/methodology/approach
– This report provides a general overview of events at the conference as well as its main topics and outcomes

Findings
– The report reveals the current challenges facing all involved in providing accessible materials to persons with print disabilities. Not only is the number of titles currently fully accessible an issue, but the digital era and electronic publishing bring their own issues. Speakers each offered their own views on potential solutions

Originality/value
– This report provides librarians and researchers with a general summary of the issues surrounding accessibility and the current publishing industry as they were discussed at the conference.
Stability of language performance at 4 and 5 years: measurement and participant variability
Authors: Eadie Patricia , Nguyen Cattram , Carlin John , Bavin Edith , Bretherton Lesley , Reilly Sheena 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundLanguage impairment (LI) in the preschool years is known to vary over time. Stability in the diagnosis of LI may be influenced by children's individual variability, the measurement error of commonly used assessment instruments and the cut‐points used to define impairment.AimsTo investigate the agreement between two different age‐based versions of a language assessment instrument and the stability of the classification of LI using the two measures over a 12‐month period.Methods & ProceduresA total of 945 participants completed the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals (CELF—Preschool 2 or 4th Edn) at 4 and 5 years of age. Agreement and stability were analysed using Bland–Altman plots, correlation and odds ratios. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for two thresholds of the CELF‐P2 using the diagnostic category on the child's subsequent CELF‐4.Outcomes & ResultsFor all CELF scores, mean differences for the cohort between 4 and 5 years were within 1.5 scale score units. In contrast, at the individual level variability was found across the range of scores and was of a greater magnitude than previously reported. Stability in LI classification was low, with 36% of 5‐year‐olds with LI (defined as a standard score below –1.25) classified as typical at 4 years, even though odds ratios calculated from classifications at the two time points suggested that 4‐year‐olds with LI had 23 times greater odds than their typical peers to receive a diagnosis of LI at 5 years. The CELF‐P2 did not demonstrate adequate levels of diagnostic accuracy for LI at 5 years: sensitivity of 64% and specificity of 92.9%.ConclusionsSubstantial variability across the entire range of possible CELF scores was observed in this community cohort between the ages of 4 and 5 years. The stability of LI classification was lower than that reported in previous research conducted primarily on smaller clinical cohorts. The current study's results suggest that the variability observed in developmental language pathways is the result of a combination of limitations in measurement instruments, individual children's abilities and the arbitrary nature of the boundaries defining LI.
Transcriptomic profiles of Heterobasidion annosum under abiotic stresses and during saprotrophic growth in bark, sapwood and heartwood
Authors: Raffaello Tommaso , Chen Hongxin , Kohler Annegret , Asiegbu Fred O. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryThe success of many wood decaying fungi lies in their ability to overcome unfavourable environmental conditions within and outside of litter and wood debris. Although so much has been learned about the ecology, taxonomy and physiology of several wood decaying basidiomycete fungi, the molecular basis for their survival in a diverse range of substrates and ecological habitats has been very little studied. Using the wood decay fungus (Heterobasidion annosum s.s.) as a model, we investigated its transcriptomic response when exposed to several environmental stressors (high and low temperature, osmotic stress, oxidative stress and nutrient starvation) and during growth on specific pine wood compartments (bark, sapwood and heartwood). Among other genes and pathways, we documented the specific induction of the major facilitator superfamily 1 and cytochrome P450 families at low temperature, and protein kinases together with transcription factors during starvation. On the other hand, during saprotrophic growth, we observed the induction of many glycosyl hydrolases, three multi‐copper oxidases (MCO), five manganese peroxidases (MnP) and one oxidoreductase which are specific for wood degradation. This is the first study providing insights on the potential mechanisms for adaptation to abiotic stresses and pine heartwood degradation in H. annosum s.s.
Fingermark Evidence Evaluation Based on Automated Fingerprint Identification System Matching Scores: The Effect of Different Types of Conditioning on Likelihood Ratios
Authors: Alberink Ivo , de Jongh Arent , Rodriguez Crystal 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn recent studies, the evidential value of the similarity of minutiae configurations of fingermarks and fingerprints, for example expressed by automated fingerprint identification systems (AFIS), is determined by likelihood ratios (LRs). The paper explores whether there is an effect on LRs if conditioning takes place on specified fingers, fingerprints, or fingermarks under competing hypotheses: In addition, an approach is explored where conditioning is asymmetric. Comparisons between fingerprints and simulated fingermarks with eight minutiae are performed to produce similarity score distributions for each type of conditioning, given a fixed AFIS matching algorithm. Both similarity scores and LRs are significantly different if the conditioning changes. Given a common‐source scenario, “LRs” resulting from asymmetric conditioning are on average higher. The difference may reach a factor of 2000. As conditioning on a suspect's finger(print) is labor‐intensive and requires a cooperating suspect, it is recommended to just condition on the number of minutiae in the fingermark.
Alleged Biological Father Incest: A Forensic Approach
Authors: Gomes Vânia , Jardim Patrícia , Taveira Francisco , Dinis‐Oliveira Ricardo J. , Magalhães Teresa 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPaternal incest is one of the most serious forms of intrafamilial sexual abuse with clinical, social, and legal relevance. A retrospective study was performed, based on forensic reports and judicial decisions of alleged cases of biological paternal incest of victims under 18 years old (n = 215) from 2003 to 2008. Results highlight that in a relevant number of cases: victims were female; the abuse begun at an early age with reiteration; the alleged perpetrator presented a history of sexual crimes against children; sexual practices were physically poorly intrusive, which associated with a forensic medical evaluation performed more than 72 h after the abuse, explain partially the absence of physical injuries or other evidence—these last aspects are different from extrafamilial cases. In conclusion, observations about paternal incest are likely to exacerbate the psychosocial consequences of the abuse and may explain the difficulty and delay in detect and disclose these cases. Few cases were legally prosecuted and convicted.
High prevalence and diversity of pre‐CTXΦ alleles in the environmental Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 strains in the Zhujiang River estuary
Authors: Wang Duochun , Wang Xiaomei , Li Baisheng , Deng Xiaoling , Tan Hailing , Diao Baowei , Chen Jingdiao , Ke Bixia , Zhong Haojie , Zhou Haijian , Ke Changwen , Kan Biao 
Published: November 2013

SummaryToxigenic conversion of environmental Vibrio cholerae strains through lysogenic infection by the phage CTXΦ is an important step in the emergence of new pathogenic clones. The precursor form of the CTXΦ phage, pre‐CTXΦ, does not carry the cholera toxin gene. During our investigation, we frequently found pre‐CTXΦ prophages in non‐toxigenic isolates in the serogroups of O1 and O139 strains in the Zhujiang estuary. We observed high amounts of sequence variation of rstR and gIIICTX in the pre‐CTXΦ alleles as well as in the tcpA sequences within the strains. In addition, a new pre‐CTXΦ allele, with a novel rstR sequence type and hybrid RS2, was identified. Our findings show that active, complicated gene recombination and horizontal transfer of pre‐CTXΦs occurs within V. cholerae environmental strains, which creates a complex intermediate pool for the generation of toxigenic clones in the estuarine environment.
Projected inhibition of platelet aggregation with ticagrelor twice daily vs. clopidogrel once daily based on patient adherence data (the TWICE project)
Authors: Vrijens Bernard , Claeys Marc J. , Legrand Victor , Vandendriessche Eef , Van de Werf Frans 
Published: November 2013

AimTwice daily dosing is often perceived as inferior to once daily dosing due to a higher likelihood of missing a dose. However, more important is the extent to which drug action is maintained when doses are delayed or missed. We compared the estimated inhibition of platelet aggregation (eIPA) for ticagrelor twice daily and clopidogrel once daily, based on their pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationships and patient dosing history data.MethodsDrug dosing histories of 5014 patients prescribed cardiovascular medications (primarily antihypertensive medicines) were extracted from an electronically compiled dosing history database. eIPA levels were simulated for 677 twice daily and 677 once daily dosing histories over a 30 day period, based on published onset/offset models for ticagrelor and clopidogrel IPA characteristics.ResultsWhile many patients treated twice daily missed at least one dose in 30 days, only 25.7% missed two consecutive doses. By comparison, 46.8% of patients treated once daily missed at least one dose. Simulations based on patient adherence over time showed that the average mean eIPA for ticagrelor twice daily remained significantly higher than for clopidogrel once daily (81.1% vs. 55.0%, P < 0.001). Ticagrelor twice daily patients had an eIPA below 10% for 0.20% of the 30 day period compared with 2.05% for clopidogrel once daily (P = 0.0001).ConclusionsThe projected level of platelet inhibition remained higher for ticagrelor twice daily than clopidogrel once daily, mainly due to the higher eIPA level achieved with ticagrelor and the relatively low likelihood of missing two consecutive twice daily doses. This modelling and simulation study suggests a therapeutic benefit of ticagrelor over clopidogrel when taking into account the most common dosing omissions.