bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conformational modulation and hydrodynamic radii of CP12 protein and its complexes probed by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy
Authors: Moparthi Satish Babu , Thieulin‐Pardo Gabriel , Mansuelle Pascal , Rigneault Hervé , Gontero Brigitte , Wenger Jérôme 
Published: May 2014

Light/dark regulation of the Calvin cycle in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms involves the formation and dissociation of supramolecular complexes between CP12, a nuclear‐encoded chloroplast protein, and the two enzymes glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) (EC 1.2.1.13) and phosphoribulokinase (PRK) (EC 2.7.1.19). Despite the high importance of understanding the structural basis of the interaction of CP12 with GAPDH and PRK to investigate the regulation of the Calvin cycle, information is still lacking about the structural remodulation of CP12 and its complex formation. Here, we characterize the diffusion dynamics and hydrodynamic radii of CP12 from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii upon binding to GAPDH and PRK using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy experiments. We quantify a hydrodynamic radius of 3.4 ± 0.2 nm for the CP12 protein with an increase up to 5.2 ± 0.3 nm upon complex formation with GAPDH and PRK. In addition, unfolding experiments reveal a 1.6‐ and 2.0‐fold increase respectively of the hydrodynamic radii for the N‐terminal and C‐terminal cysteine CP12 mutant proteins compared with their native folded structures. The different behavior of the CP12 mutant proteins during hydrophobic collapse transition is a direct clue to different structural orientations of the CP12 mutant proteins. These different structures are expected to facilitate the binding of either GAPDH or PRK during binary complex and ternary complex formation.Structured digital abstract

GAPDH, CP12 and PRK physically interact by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (View interaction)

CP12 and PRK bind by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (View interaction)

GAPDH and CP12 bind by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy(View interaction)
Application of the AquaCrop model to simulate the biomass of Miscanthus x giganteus under different nutrient supply conditions
Authors: Stričević Ruzica , Dželetović Zeljko , Djurović Nevenka , Cosić Marija 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThere are conflicting opinions about the need to fertilize Miscanthus and, also, the question has been raised whether Miscanthus should be irrigated, especially if water resources are limited. Crop growth modeling can help answer such questions. In this article the FAO AquaCrop water‐driven model was selected to simulate Miscanthus biomass under different nutrient and water supply conditions. The article reports the outcomes of 6‐year experiments with Miscanthus on two locations in Serbia: Zemun, where three fertilizer treatments were applied (Nl – 100 kg ha−1, Nopt 50 kg ha−1 and Nf nonfertilized), and Ralja, where only Nl 100 kg ha−1 was applied. Model calibration focused on the measured data (root depth, crop phenology, and the above‐ground biomass by year of growth. Calibration results showed a very good match between measured and simulated values. The largest and only significant difference was noted in 2008, when the crop was establishing and exhibited uneven radication. The simulation results for the next 5 years showed a variance from −4 to 5.7%, believed to be a very good match. A high coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.995) and high Willmott index of agreement (0.998) were also indicative of a good match between simulated and recorded biomass yields. The measured and simulated results for validated datasets at both locations were good. The average RMSE was 2.89 Mg ha−1; when compared to the deviations noted at the test site itself, it was apparent that they were smaller in all the years of research except the first year. The index of agreement was 0.97 and the coefficient of determination R2 0.947. The AquaCrop model can be used with a high degree of reliability in strategic planning of Miscanthus cultivation in new areas, under different nutrient and water supply and local weather and soil conditions.
Effect of home bleaching on the mechanical properties of resin luting cements using Hertzian indentation test
Authors: Bagheri Rafat , Vojdani Mahroo , Mogharabi Sara , Burrow Michael F. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to determine the effects of immersion time and 10% carbamide peroxide treatment using a Hertzian indentation test after placing resin‐based cements into 37°C distilled water, with and without 10% carbamide peroxide.MethodsDisc‐shaped specimens (10‐mm diameter × 1‐mm thick), were prepared from five resin‐based cements; seT PP, Maxcem Elite, RelyX Unicem, Panavia F, and G‐Cem. The specimens of each material were randomly divided into three groups of six. The study groups were bleached with 10% carbamide peroxide on one surface for 21 days for 2 h per day. Two control groups were kept in distilled water for either 24 h or 21 days. A load was applied to the center of the disc using a hard, steel ball. The load at the first crack was recorded.ResultsSignificant differences were observed between the cements. seT PP showed the highest strength, and G‐Cem the lowest. Differences between the treatment and control groups were statistically significant for all cements, except Panavia F.ConclusionsThe effect of 10% carbamide peroxide treatment reduces cement strength, which could be important for patients undergoing bleaching who have crowns.
A seascape genetic analysis reveals strong biogeographical structuring driven by contrasting processes in the polyploid saltmarsh species Puccinellia maritima and Triglochin maritima
Authors: Rouger R. , Jump A. S. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractLittle is known about the processes shaping population structure in saltmarshes. It is expected that the sea should act as a powerful agent of dispersal. Yet, in contrast, import of external propagules into a saltmarsh is thought to be small. To determine the level of connectivity between saltmarsh ecosystems at a macro‐geographical scale, we characterized and compared the population structure of two polyploid saltmarsh species, Puccinellia maritima and Triglochin maritima based on a seascape genetics approach. A discriminant analysis of principal components highlighted a genetic structure for both species arranged according to a regional pattern. Subsequent analysis based on isolation‐by‐distance and isolation‐by‐resistance frameworks indicated a strong role of coastal sediment transport processes in delimiting regional structure in P. maritima, while additional overland propagule dispersal was indicated for T. maritima. The identification and comparison of regional genetic structure and likely determining factors presented here allows us to understand the biogeographical units along the UK coast, between which barriers to connectivity occur not only at the species level but at the ecosystem scale. This information is valuable in plant conservation and community ecology and in the management and restoration of saltmarsh ecosystems.
Identification of the type of exercise therapy that affects functioning in patients with early‐stage amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A multicenter, collaborative study
Authors: Kamide Naoto , Asakawa Takashi , Shibasaki Nobuhiko , Kasahara Yoshio , Tamada Yoshiki , Kitano Kosuke , Kikuchi Yutaka , Yorimoto Keisuke , Kobayashi Yoko , Komori Testuo 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe types of exercise therapy that have an effect on functioning in early‐stage amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients are not well‐known.AimTo investigate the types of exercise therapy that have an effect on functioning in early‐stage amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients.MethodsThe participants were consecutive amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients who were prescribed exercise therapy at six institutions in Japan. All data (age, sex, site of onset and disease duration) were collected retrospectively from the patients' medical records. The amyotrophic lateral sclerosis functional rating scale‐revised scores were collected to assess patients' functioning at two time‐points, at baseline and during exercise therapy. Furthermore, details of the types of exercise therapy were investigated. The change in the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis functional rating scale‐revised score was calculated using the score at two time‐points. A multiple regression analysis was used to determine the effect of type of exercise therapy on the change in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis functional rating scale‐revised scores.ResultsThe analysis included 156 participants. The interaction term of performance factor (walking training, standing training, and activities of daily living task training) was significantly associated with the change in the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis functional rating scale‐revised score, but the interaction term of the muscle function factor (resistance training and cycle ergometer training) was not.ConclusionThe combination of performance task training appears to alleviate functional decline in early‐stage amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients.
Determining the frequency, kinds and cues of violence displayed by patients in an acute older person ward environment: findings from an observational study
Authors: Jackson Debra , Wilkes Lesley , Waine Melissa , Luck Lauretta 
Published: May 2014

BackgroundWorkplace violence is one of the most complex and significant occupational hazards experienced by nurses in healthcare settings. Verbal abuse and physical violence are particularly prevalent in older person assessment wards, owing to the prevalence of illnesses involving cognitive dysfunction; the high frequency and nature of contact with staff; and the frustration caused by high levels of disability.AimTo determine the frequency, kinds and cues of violence displayed by patients towards nurses in an acute older person assessment ward environment using a structured observational tool – the Violence Assessment Tool (VAT).DesignObservational study.MethodNon‐participant structured observations of behavioural cues for violence towards nurses in an acute older person hospital ward were gathered and analysed.ResultsOne hundred and twelve hours of observations were undertaken, resulting in 95 behavioural cues for violence in 19 patients. Four of these patients subsequently escalated to physical violence. Pacing around the bed was the only commonality in the behavioural cues of patients who became violent. All patients who became violent had previously demonstrated shoving.ConclusionsTo date, the assessment of potentially violent older patients has not been adequately addressed. The VAT may be one way of addressing this challenge through early identification of the more subtle behavioural cues that could indicate potential for violence. Further research on the VAT using a larger data set could determine its predictability for physically violent acts displayed by older people.Implications for practiceThe VAT will allow early identification, early de‐escalation and ultimately a reduction in violence against nurses in acute older person wards.
Competence in advanced older people nursing: development of ‘Nursing older people – Competence evaluation tool’
Authors: Bing‐Jonsson Pia Cecilie , Bjørk Ida Torunn , Hofoss Dag , Kirkevold Marit , Foss Christina 
Published: May 2014

BackgroundCommunity care is characterised by a move from institutionalised to home‐based care, a large patient population with comorbidities including cognitive failure, and nurses who struggle to keep up with their many competence demands. No study has examined the competence of nurses based on present demands, and an instrument for this purpose is lacking.Aim and objectiveWe conducted a Delphi study based in Norway to develop the substantial content of a new competence measurement instrument. We sought to reach consensus regarding which nursing staff competence is most relevant to meet the current needs of older patients.Design and methodA total of 42 experts participated in three consecutive panel investigations. Snowball sampling was used. The experts were clinicians, leaders, teachers, researchers and relatives of older people who required nursing. In Round 1, all experts were interviewed individually. These data were analysed using meaning coding and categorisation. In Rounds 2 and 3, the data were collected using electronic questionnaires and analysed quantitatively with SPSS.ResultsThe experts agreed that health promotion as well as disease prevention, treatment, palliative care, ethics and regulation, assessment and taking action, covering basic needs, communication and documentation, responsibility and activeness, cooperation, and attitudes towards older people were the most relevant categories of competence.ConclusionsThe experts showed clear consensus regarding the most relevant and current competence for nurses of older people. Assuming that older people in need of health care have the same requirements across cultures, this study's findings could be used as a basis for international studies.Implications for practiceThose who nurse older people require competence that is complex and comprehensive. One way to evaluate nursing competence is through evaluation tools such as the Nursing Older People – Competence Evaluation tool.
Effects of crop‐straw biochar on crop growth and soil fertility over a wheat‐millet rotation in soils of China
Authors: Zhao X. , Wang J. W. , Xu H. J. , Zhou C. J. , Wang S. Q. , Xing G. X. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe conducted a pot experiment using a wheat‐millet rotation to examine the effects of two successive rice‐straw biochar applications on crop growth and soil properties in acidic oxisols and alkaline cambosols from China. Biochar was incorporated into soil at rates of 0, 2.25 or 22.5 Mg/ha at the beginning of each crop season with identical applications of NPK fertilizer. In the oxisols, the largest biochar treatment enhanced soil pH and cation exchange capacity, decreased soil bulk density, improved soil P, K, Ca and Mg availability and enhanced their uptake, and increased wheat and millet yields by 157 and 150% for wheat grain and straw, respectively, and 72.6% for millet straw. In the cambosols, biochar treatment decreased soil bulk density, improved P and K availability, increased N, P and K uptake by crops and increased wheat and millet straw yields by 19.6 and 60.6%, respectively. Total soil organic carbon increased in response to successive biochar applications over the rotation. No difference in water‐soluble organic carbon was recorded between biochar‐treated and control soils. Converting straw to biochar and treating soils with successive applications may be a viable option for improving soil quality, sequestering carbon and utilizing straw resources in China.
The effective neural drive to muscles is the common synaptic input to motor neurons
Authors: Farina Dario , Negro Francesco , Dideriksen Jakob Lund 
Published: May 2014

Key points
Despite the non‐linear property of individual motor neurons, the pool of motor neurons linearizes the relation between their common synaptic input and the neural drive to the muscle, i.e. the ensemble of axonal action potentials reaching the muscle from the spinal cord.
In the frequency bandwidth relevant for force generation, the motor neuron pool attenuates the input signals sent independently to each motor neuron and transfers only the common signal components with a pure scaling.
The effective neural drive to the muscle tends to exactly replicate, without phase distortion, the common synaptic input to motor neurons for increasing number of active motor neurons.
The classic definition and functional meaning of motor unit synchronization are discussed in relation to the role of common input in determining the neural drive to muscle.
AbstractWe analysed the transformation of synaptic input to the pool of motor neurons into the neural drive to the muscle. The aim was to explain the relations between common oscillatory signals sent to motor neurons and the effective component of the neural signal sent to muscles as output of the spinal cord circuitries. The approach is based on theoretical derivations, computer simulations, and experiments. It is shown theoretically that for frequencies smaller than the average discharge rates of the motor neurons, the pool of motor neurons determines a pure amplification of the frequency components common to all motor neurons, so that the common input is transmitted almost undistorted and the non‐common components are strongly attenuated. The effective neural drive to the muscle thus mirrors the common synaptic input to motor neurons. The simulations with three models of motor neuron confirmed the theoretical results by showing that the coherence function between common input components and the neural drive to the muscle tends to 1 when increasing the number of active motor neurons. This result, which was relatively insensitive to the type of model used, was also supported experimentally by observing that, in the low‐pass signal bandwidth, the peak in coherence between groups of motor units of the abductor digiti minimi muscle of five healthy subjects tended to 1 when increasing the number of motor units. These results have implications for our understanding of the neural control of muscles as well as for methods used for estimating the strength of common input to populations of motor neurons.
Exercise training modulates functional sympatholysis and α‐adrenergic vasoconstrictor responsiveness in hypertensive and normotensive individuals
Authors: Mortensen Stefan P. , Nyberg Michael , Gliemann Lasse , Thaning Pia , Saltin Bengt , Hellsten Ylva 
Published: May 2014

Key pointsEssential hypertension is linked to an increased sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity and reduced tissue perfusion.Exercise training can improve the ability to override sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity.Here we show that 8 weeks of exercise training reduces the vasoconstrictor response to sympathetic nerve activity (induced by tyramine) and improves the ability to override sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity.We found no difference in the ability to override sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity during exercise, the reduction in blood flow in response to increases in sympathetic nerve activity or the hyperaemic response to infused ATP between normo‐ and hypertensive subjects.These results help us to better understand how exercise training can reduce blood pressure and improve tissue perfusion.AbstractEssential hypertension is linked to an increased sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity and reduced tissue perfusion. We investigated the role of exercise training on functional sympatholysis and postjunctional α‐adrenergic responsiveness in individuals with essential hypertension. Leg haemodynamics were measured before and after 8 weeks of aerobic training (3–4 times per week) in eight hypertensive (47 ± 2 years) and eight normotensive untrained individuals (46 ± 1 years) during arterial tyramine infusion, arterial ATP infusion and/or one‐legged knee extensions. Before training, exercise hyperaemia and leg vascular conductance (LVC) were lower in the hypertensive individuals (P < 0.05) and tyramine lowered exercise hyperaemia and LVC in both groups (P < 0.05). Training lowered blood pressure in the hypertensive individuals (P < 0.05) and exercise hyperaemia was similar to the normotensive individuals in the trained state. After training, tyramine did not reduce exercise hyperaemia or LVC in either group. When tyramine was infused at rest, the reduction in blood flow and LVC was similar between groups, but exercise training lowered the magnitude of the reduction in blood flow and LVC (P < 0.05). There was no difference in the vasodilatory response to infused ATP or in muscle P2Y2receptor content between the groups before and after training. However, training lowered the vasodilatory response to ATP and increased skeletal muscle P2Y2receptor content in both groups (P < 0.05). These results demonstrate that exercise training improves functional sympatholysis and reduces postjunctional α‐adrenergic responsiveness in both normo‐ and hypertensive individuals. The ability for functional sympatholysis and the vasodilator and sympatholytic effect of intravascular ATP appear not to be altered in essential hypertension.
Nicotinic ACh receptors in the hippocampal circuit; functional expression and role in synaptic plasticity
Authors: Yakel Jerrel L. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAcetylcholine (ACh) can regulate neuronal excitability in the hippocampus, an important area in the brain for learning and memory, by acting on both nicotinic (nAChRs) and muscarinic ACh receptors. The primary cholinergic input to the hippocampus arises from the medial septum and diagonal band of Broca (MS‐DBB), and we investigated how their activation regulated hippocampal synaptic plasticity. We found that activation of these endogenous cholinergic inputs can directly induce different forms of hippocampal synaptic plasticity with a timing precision in the millisecond range. Furthermore, we observed a prolonged enhancement of excitability both pre‐ and postsynaptically. Lastly we found that the presence of the α7 nAChR subtype to both pre‐ and postsynaptic sites appeared to be required to induce this plasticity. We propose that α7 nAChRs coordinate pre‐ and postsynaptic activities to induce glutamatergic synaptic plasticity, and thus provide a novel mechanism underlying physiological neuronal communication that could lead to timing‐dependent synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus.