bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kopf und Zahl – Praxisorientierte Interessenforschung in der Biologiedidaktik (PIB)
Authors: Scheersoi Annette , Hense Jonathan 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDer Transfer von Forschungsergebnissen in die Praxis erweist sich auch in der Biologiedidaktik als zäh. Die theoriebildende Grundlagenforschung steht oft der praxisorientierten Anwendungsforschung gegenüber. Durch diese starke Polarität wird der Transfer von Innovationen aus der Theorieforschung in die Praxis erschwert. Ein integrativer Forschungsansatz, der diese Kluft überbrückt, ist der Design‐Based‐Research‐Ansatz, der auch in der biologiedidaktischen Forschung gewinnbringend genutzt werden kann.
Eine schaumige Angelegenheit: Katalaseaktivität von Bakterien
Authors: Hauk Andrea 
Published: August 2015

AbstractEin gängiger Zeitvertreib im mikrobiologischen Labor scheint der Test auf Katalaseaktivität von Bakterien zu sein. Haben Sie sich auch schon einmal gefragt, warum sich Mikrobiologen die Mühe machen herauszufinden, ob Bakterien katalasepositiv oder katalasenegativ sind? Was ist denn überhaupt Katalase und wie funktioniert solch ein Test?
Assessment of pharmacokinetic interaction between piracetam and l‐carnitine in healthy subjects
Authors: Mendes Gustavo D. , Zaffalon Gabriela Traldi , Silveira Antonio Sérgio , Ramacciato Juliana Cama , Motta Rogério Heládio Lopes , Gagliano‐Jucá Thiago , Lopes Anibal Gil , de Almeida Magalhães José Cássio , De Nucci Gilberto 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA rapid, sensitive and specific method for quantifying piracetam in human plasma using Piracetam d‐8 as the internal standard (IS) is described. The analyte and the IS were extracted from plasma by one‐step precipitation of protein using an acetonitrile (100%). The extracts were analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS/MS). The method had a chromatographic run time of 3.8 min and a linear calibration curve over the range 0.5–50 µg/mL (r> 0.99). This LC‐MS‐MS procedure was used to assess the bioavailability of two piracetam formulations: piracetam + l‐carnitine (Piracar®; 270/330 mg tablet) and piracetam (Nootropil®; 800 mg tablet) in healthy volunteers of both sexes. The geometric means with corresponding 90% confidence interval (CI) for test/reference percentage ratios were 88.49% (90% CI = 81.19 – 96.46) for peak concentration/dose and 102.55% (90% CI = 100.62 – 104.51) for AUCinf/dose. The limit of quantitation of 0.5 µg/mL is well suited for pharmacokinetic studies in healthy volunteers. It was concluded that piracetam (Piracar®; 270/330 mg tablet) has a bioavailability equivalent to the piracetam (Nootropil®; 800 mg tablet) formulation with regard to both the rate and the extent of absorption. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monolithic Honeycombs in Loop Reactor Configuration for Intensification of Multiphase Processes
Authors: Güttel Robert , Eisenbeis Christian , Knochen Jens , Turek Thomas 
Published: August 2015

AbstractMonolithic honeycomb reactors are characterized by small parallel channels, which make them an interesting approach to be applied as microstructured reactors. Besides the established manufacturing of ceramic honeycombs, these structures exhibit excellent mass transfer characteristics for multiphase reactions combined with degrees of freedom in the structural design. The potential of monolithic honeycomb reactors operated in the beneficial slug flow regime is evaluated for heterogeneously catalyzed gas‐liquid reactions. Results of the Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis and hydrogenation of glucose to sorbitol were analyzed in order to obtain a more generalized picture of the interaction between mass transfer and reaction in small channels operated in multiphase flow.
Reversal Circularly Polarized Luminescence of AIE‐Active Chiral Binaphthyl Molecules from Solution to Aggregation
Authors: Sheng Yuan , Shen Dong , Zhang Wenjie , Zhang Hongxing , Zhu Chengjian , Cheng Yixiang 
Published: August 2015

AbstractFour aggregation‐induced emission (AIE)‐active chiral binaphthyl‐based molecules, (R/S)‐1 and (R/S)‐2, were designed and synthesized. Interestingly, all of them can exhibit reversal circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) signals from solution to aggregation, which could be attributed to the different dihedral angle of binaphthyl units from cis‐conformation in pure THF solution to trans‐conformation in THF/water mixtures.
Mechanism of the Multiple‐Electron Oxygen Reduction Reaction in the Presence of the Binuclear Cu(acac)2 Complex
Authors: Kobayashi Hisayoshi , Teranishi Miwako , Naya Shin‐ichi , Tada Hiroaki 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe potential of the electron for the serial oxygen reduction reaction is calculated by DFT in an aqueous solution in the presence and absence of Cu(acac)2 complex. The study provides interesting information about the rational design of complex–semiconductor hybrid photocatalysts and cathodes for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells.
IL‐33 promotes innate IFN‐γ production and modulates dendritic cell response in LCMV‐induced hepatitis in mice
Authors: Liang Yuejin , Jie Zuliang , Hou Lifei , Yi Panpan , Wang Wei , Kwota Zakari , Salvato Maria , de Waal Malefyt Rene , Soong Lynn , Sun Jiaren 
Published: August 2015

Recent studies have revealed IL‐33 as a key factor in promoting antiviral T‐cell responses. However, it is less clear as to how IL‐33 regulates innate immunity. In this study, we infected wild‐type (WT) and IL‐33−/− mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus and demonstrated an essential role of infection‐induced IL‐33 expression for robust innate IFN‐γ production in the liver. We first show that IL‐33 deficiency resulted in a marked reduction in the number of IFN‐γ+ γδ T and NK cells, but an increase in that of IL‐17+ γδ T cells at 16 h postinfection. Recombinant IL‐33 (rIL‐33) treatment could reverse such deficiency via increasing IFN‐γ‐producing γδ T and NK cells, and inhibiting IL‐17+ γδ T cells. We also found that rIL‐33‐induced type 2 innate lymphoid cells were not involved in T‐cell responses and liver injury, since the adoptive transfer of type 2 innate lymphoid cells neither affected the IFN‐γ and TNF‐α production in T cells, nor liver transferase levels in lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infected mice. Interestingly, we found that while IL‐33 was not required for costimulatory molecule expression, it was critical for DC proliferation and cytokine production. Together, this study highlights an essential role of IL‐33 in regulating innate IFN‐γ‐production and DC function during viral hepatitis.
Hexaethyl‐2,3,5‐tricarba‐nido‐hexaborane(7), Its Monoanion and the (Triphenylphosphane)gold and Dicarbonylrhodium Complexes
Authors: Wrackmeyer Bernd , Schanz Hans‐Joerg , Milius Wolfgang , Veith Michael 
Published: August 2015

AbstractExperimental and calculated [B3LYP/6‐311+G(d,p) level of theory] NMR parameters [chemical shifts δ11B and δ13C, and coupling constants 1J(13C,11B) and 1J(11B,11B)] of hexaethyl‐2,4‐dicarba‐nido‐hexaborane(8), hexaethyl‐2,3,5‐tricarba‐nido‐hexaborane(7) and their monoanions are reported. The solid‐state structure of the 2,3,5‐tricarbaborane was determined by X‐ray crystallography as the Au–PPh3 complex, where the gold atom is linked to C5 (88 %) with contacts to B4,6 or to C2,3 (12 %) with contacts to B4,6. The 2,3,5‐tricarbaborate anion η5‐coordinates to the Rh(CO)2 fragment, forming a closo cluster.
Differential functional brain network connectivity during visceral interoception as revealed by independent component analysis of fMRI time‐series
Authors: Jarrahi Behnaz , Mantini Dante , Balsters Joshua Henk , Michels Lars , Kessler Thomas M. , Mehnert Ulrich , Kollias Spyros S. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractInfluential theories of brain‐viscera interactions propose a central role for interoception in basic motivational and affective feeling states. Recent neuroimaging studies have underlined the insula, anterior cingulate, and ventral prefrontal cortices as the neural correlates of interoception. However, the relationships between these distributed brain regions remain unclear. In this study, we used spatial independent component analysis (ICA) and functional network connectivity (FNC) approaches to investigate time course correlations across the brain regions during visceral interoception. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was performed in thirteen healthy females who underwent viscerosensory stimulation of bladder as a representative internal organ at different prefill levels, i.e., no prefill, low prefill (100 ml saline), and high prefill (individually adapted to the sensations of persistent strong desire to void), and with different infusion temperatures, i.e., body warm (∼37°C) or ice cold (4–8°C) saline solution. During Increased distention pressure on the viscera, the insula, striatum, anterior cingulate, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, amygdalo‐hippocampus, thalamus, brainstem, and cerebellar components showed increased activation. A second group of components encompassing the insula and anterior cingulate, dorsolateral prefrontal and posterior parietal cortices and temporal‐parietal junction showed increased activity with innocuous temperature stimulation of bladder mucosa. Significant differences in the FNC were found between the insula and amygdalo‐hippocampus, the insula and ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and temporal‐parietal junction as the distention pressure on the viscera increased. These results provide new insight into the supraspinal processing of visceral interoception originating from an internal organ.Hum Brain Mapp 36:4438–4468, 2015. ©2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Short‐Term Effect of Depressive Symptoms on Labor Market Outcomes
Authors: Peng Lizhong , Meyerhoefer Chad D. , Zuvekas Samuel H. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe estimated the short‐term effects of symptoms of depression on labor market outcomes using data from the 2004–2009 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. After accounting for the endogeneity of depression through a correlated random effects panel data specification, we found that exhibiting depressive symptoms reduces the likelihood of employment. We did not, however, find evidence of a causal relationship between depressive symptoms and hourly wages or weekly hours worked. Our estimates are substantially smaller than those from previous studies and imply that depressive symptoms reduce the contemporaneous probability of employment by 2.4 percentage points. In addition, we examined the effect of depression on work impairment and found that exhibiting depressive symptoms increases annual work loss days by about 1.4 days (33%), which implies that the annual aggregate productivity loses because of depression‐induced absenteeism range from $900m to $1.9bn in 2009 USD. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Morphomics predicts response to ipilimumab in patients with stage IV melanoma
Authors: Sabel Michael S. , Lee Jay , Wang Anran , Lao Christopher , Holcombe Sven , Wang Stewart 
Published: August 2015

IntroductionFactors predictive of response to immunotherapy are needed to select appropriate patients. As morphometric analysis can be an objective surrogate for underlying physiology, we explored the possibility that morphomics may predict response among stage IV melanoma patients treated with ipilimumab.MethodsWe identified stage IV melanoma patients treated with ipilimumab who had an appropriate CT scan within a 6 month window. Using semi‐automated algorithms, we acquired several morphomic measurements. Toxicity and response rate compared by quartile using Fisher's exact test or chi‐square, while survival after initiation of ipilimumab was compared by quartile using the log‐rank test.ResultsWhile there was a significant correlation between toxicity and response (P < .003), morphomics failed to predict either severity of toxicity or specific side effects. Psoas density was significantly associated with response rate, both excluding stable disease (36.4% vs 9.1%, P = .054), and including stable disease (54.5% versus 18.2%, P = 0.045). Survival after initiation of ipilimumab was significantly associated with psoas density (P = 0.04) and visceral fat distance (P = 0.022).DiscussionIn an exploratory study of patients with metastatic melanoma being treated with ipilimumab, psoas density and spine‐fascia distance correlated with response and survival. Pre‐treatment morphomic analysis, as a correlate of underlying physiology, may help predict response to immunotherapy. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015; 112:333–337. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Density functional theory calculations on S―S bond dissociation energies of disulfides
Authors: Yang Yi‐Meng , Yu Hai‐Zhu , Sun Xiao‐Hui , Dang Zhi‐Min 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe S―S bond cleavage plays an important role in affecting the reactivity or biological activities of disulfide‐based compounds. With the aid of density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the present study focuses on predicting the S―S bond dissociation energies (BDEs) of disulfides. The range of BDEs of different types of disulfides was constructed for the first time. It was found that the electronic effect (and especially the conjugation effect) of substituents is predominant in determining the S―S bond strength of disulfides. By contrast, the steric effect is insignificant for most molecules due to the long S―S bond distances. We hope that the present study will benefit the future development of more powerful strategies in activating the S―S bond of disulfides. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sensitivity of Intermittent Streams to Climate Variations in the USA
Authors: Eng K. , Wolock D. M. , Dettinger M. D. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThere is a great deal of interest in the literature on streamflow changes caused by climate change because of the potential negative effects on aquatic biota and water supplies. Most previous studies have primarily focused on perennial streams, and there have been only a few studies examining the effect of climate variability on intermittent streams. Our objectives in this study were to (1) identify regions of similar zero‐flow behaviour and (2) evaluate the sensitivity of intermittent streams to historical variability in climate in the USA. This study was carried out at 265 intermittent streams by evaluating (1) correlations among time series of flow metrics (number of zero‐flow events, the average of the central 50% and largest 10% of flows) with climate (magnitudes, durations and intensity) and (2) decadal changes in the seasonality and long‐term trends of these flow metrics. Results identified five distinct seasonality patterns in the zero‐flow events. In addition, strong associations between the low‐flow metrics and historical changes in climate were found. The decadal analysis suggested no significant seasonal shifts or decade‐to‐decade trends in the low‐flow metrics. The lack of trends or changes in seasonality is likely due to unchanged long‐term patterns in precipitation over the time period examined. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Haftfeste Direktmetallisierung von Kunststoffen durch Beschichtung mit Ionen
Authors: Bandorf Ralf , Waschke Stefan , Vergöhl Michael , Grundmeier Guido , Bräuer Günter 
Published: August 2015

AbstractObwohl Kunststoffe seit mehreren Jahrzehnten industriell eingesetzt werden ist die Direktmetallisierung von Kunststoffen nach wie vor ein aktuelles Thema. Speziell durch das Verbot von sechswertigem Chrom besteht ein erhöhter Bedarf an haftfesten Metallisierungsverfahren für Kunststoffe. Das Hochleistungs‐Impuls Magnetronsputtern HIPIMS ist hierbei ein junges Vakuum‐Beschichtungsverfahren, das ein hohes Anwendungspotenzial zur Lösung dieser Fragestellung bietet. Der vorliegende Artikel befasst sich mit der Direktmetallisierung von Kunststoffen mittels HIPIMS. Es wurde im Rahmen der Untersuchungen auf eine Vorbehandlung verzichtet und die Kunststoffsubstrate direkt unter Vakuum metallisiert. Es zeigte sich, dass im Vergleich zu konventionellen Sputterverfahren die Haftfestigkeit deutlich gesteigert werden konnte. Die Metallisierung von Plexiglas, die genauer betrachtet wurde, stellt hier eine besondere Herausforderung dar. Durch die Schädigung des PMMA durch die UV‐Strahlung des Plasmas ist eine konventionelle Direktmetallisierung nicht möglich. Mit Hilfe der ionisierten Beschichtung konnte Schichten mit exzellenter Haftung ohne Zwischenschichten oder Vorbehandlung hergestellt werden. Die Charakterisierung der Grenzfläche zeigt, dass beim Versuch die Metallisierung zu trennen für die optimierten Prozesse ein Kohäsionsbruch, d.h. ein Bruch im Kunststoff und nicht an der Kontaktfläche Kunststoff‐Metall stattfand.
System identification and controller design for individual pitch and trailing edge flap control on upscaled wind turbines
Authors: Chen Zhenrong J. , Stol Karl A. , Mace Brian R. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractActive load reduction strategies such as individual pitch control (IPC) and trailing edge flap (TEF) actuation present ways of reducing the fatigue loads on the blades of wind turbines. This may enable development of lighter blades, improving the performance, cost effectiveness and viability of future multi‐megawatt turbine designs.Previous investigations into the use of IPC and TEFs have been limited to turbines with ratings up to 5 MW and typically investigate the use of these load reduction strategies on a single turbine only. This paper extends the design, implementation and analysis of individual pitch and TEFs to a range of classically scaled turbines between 5 and 20 MW. In order to avoid designing controllers which favour a particular scale, identical scale‐invariant system identification and controller design processes are applied to each of the turbines studied. Gain‐scheduled optimal output feedback controllers are designed using identified models to target blade root load fluctuations at the first and second multiples of the rotational frequency using IPC and TEFs respectively.The use of IPC and TEFs is shown in simulations to provide significant reductions in fatigue loads at the blade root. Fatigue loads on non‐rotating components such as the yaw bearing and tower root (yaw moment) are also reduced with the use of TEFs. Individual pitch performance is seen to be slightly lower on larger turbines, potentially due to a combination of reduced actuator bandwidth and movement of the rotational frequency of larger turbines into a more energetic part of the turbulent spectrum. However, TEF performance is consistent irrespective of scale. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficacy of additional psychosocial intervention in reducing low birth weight and preterm birth in teenage pregnancy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sukhato Kanokporn , Wongrathanandha Chathaya , Thakkinstian Ammarin , Dellow Alan , Horsuwansak Pornpot , Anothaisintawee Thunyarat 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis systematic review aimed to assess the efficacy of psychosocial interventions in reducing risk of low birth weight (LBW) and preterm birth (PTB) in teenage pregnancy. Relevant studies were identified from Medline, Scopus, CINAHL, and CENTRAL databases. Randomized controlled trials investigating effect of psychosocial interventions on risk of LBW and PTB, compared to routine antenatal care (ANC) were eligible. Relative risks (RR) of LBW and PTB were pooled using inverse variance method. Mean differences of birth weight (BW) between intervention and control groups were pooled using unstandardized mean difference (USMD). Five studies were included in the review. Compared with routine ANC, psychosocial interventions significantly reduced risk of LBW by 40% (95%CI: 8%,62%) but not for PTB (pooled RR = 0.67, 95%CI: 0.42,1.05). Mean BW of the intervention group was significantly higher than that of the control group with USMD of 200.63 g (95% CI: 21.02, 380.25). Results of our study suggest that psychosocial interventions significantly reduced risk of LBW in teenage pregnancy.
Sonographically Guided Posterior Cruciate Ligament Injections: Technique and Validation
Authors: Hackel Joshua G. , Khan Umar , Loveland Dustin M. , Smith Jay 
Published: August 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo describe and validate a technique for sonographically guided posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injections.DesignProspective, cadaveric laboratory investigation.SettingProcedural skills laboratory.SubjectsEight unembalmed, cadaveric, mid‐thigh–knee specimens (4 left knees and 4 right knees) obtained from 4 male and 4 female donors aged 57 to 64 years (mean 60.8 years) with body mass indices of 27.7 to 36.5 kg/m2 (mean 32 kg/m2).MethodsA 5‐2–MHz curvilinear probe and a 22‐gauge, 78‐mm stainless steel needle was used to inject 2 mL of diluted blue latex into the PCL of each specimen using an in‐plane, caudad‐to‐cephalad approach. At a minimum of 24 hours postinjection, each specimen was dissected to assess the presence and distribution of latex within the PCL.Main OutcomePresence and distribution of latex within the PCL.ResultsAll 8 injections accurately delivered latex throughout the PCL, including the tibial and femoral footprints. In 2 of 8 specimens (25%), a small amount of latex was noted to extend beyond the PCL and into the joint space. No specimens exhibited evidence of needle injury of latex infiltration with respect to the popliteal neurovascular bundle, menisci, hyaline cartilage, or anterior cruciate ligament.ConclusionsSonographically guided intraligamentous PCL injections are technically feasible and can be performed with a high degree of accuracy. Sonographically guided PCL injections should be considered for research and clinical purposes to deliver therapeutic agents into the PCL postinjury or postreconstruction.
Illegal trade pushing the Critically Endangered Black-winged MynaAcridotheres melanopterustowards imminent extinction
Authors: SHEPHERD CHRIS R. , NIJMAN VINCENT , KRISHNASAMY KANITHA , EATON JAMES A. , CHNG SERENE C. L. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryThe Critically Endangered Black-winged MynaAcridotheres melanopterusis being pushed towards the brink of extinction in Indonesia due to continued demand for it as a cage bird and the lack of enforcement of national laws set in place to protect it. The trade in this species is largely to supply domestic demand, although an unknown level of international demand also persists. We conducted five surveys of three of Indonesia’s largest open bird markets (Pramuka, Barito and Jatinegara), all of which are located in the capital Jakarta, between July 2010 and July 2014. No Black-winged Mynas were observed in Jatinegara, singles or pairs were observed during every survey in Barito, whereas up to 14 birds at a time were present at Pramuka. The average number of birds observed per survey is about a quarter of what it was in the 1990s when, on average, some 30 Black-winged Mynas were present at Pramuka and Barito markets. Current asking prices in Jakarta are high, with unbartered quotes averaging USD 220 per bird. Our surveys of the markets in Jakarta illustrate an ongoing and open trade. Dealers blatantly ignore national legislation and are fearless of enforcement actions. Commercial captive breeding is unlikely to remove pressure from remaining wild populations of Black-winged Mynas. Efforts to end the illegal trade in this species and to allow wild populations to recover are urgently needed. We also recommend the immediate inclusion of Black-winged Mynas in Appendix III of CITES to allow for international support to Indonesia in clamping down on international trade of the species.