bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shared but overlooked: 30 species of Holarctic Microlepidoptera revealed by DNA barcodes and morphology
Authors: LANDRY JEAN-FRANÇOIS , NAZARI VAZRICK , DEWAARD JEREMY R. , MUTANEN MARKO , LOPEZ-VAAMONDE CARLOS , HUEMER PETER , HEBERT PAUL D.N. 
Published: December 2013

This study reports 30 species of Lepidoptera previously known from either the Palearctic or the Nearctic that are newly recorded as Holarctic. For 28 of these species, their intercontinental distributions were initially detected through DNA barcode analysis and subsequently confirmed by morphological examination; two Palearctic species were first detected in North America through morphology and then barcoded. When possible, the origin and status of each species (introduced, overlooked Holarctic species, or unknowingly re-described) is discussed, and its morphology is diagnosed and illustrated. The species involved include Tineidae: Scardia amurensis Zagulajev, Triaxomera parasitella (Hübner), Nemapogon cloacella (Haworth), Elatobia montelliella (Schantz), Tinea svenssoni Opheim; Gracillariidae: Caloptilia suberinella (Tengström), Parornix betulae (Stainton); Phyllonorycter maestingella (Müller); Yponomeutidae: Paraswammerdamia albicapitella (Scharfenberg), P. conspersella (Tengström); Plutellidae: Plutella hyperboreella Strand; Lyonetiidae: Lyonetia pulverulentella Zeller; Autostichidae: Oegoconia deauratella (Herrich-Schäffer), O. novimundi (Busck); Blastobasidae: Blastobasis glandulella (Riley), B. maroccanella (Amsel), B. tarda Meyrick; Depressariidae: Agonopterix conterminella (Zeller), Depressaria depressana (F.); Coleophoridae: Coleophora atriplicis Meyrick, C. glitzella Hofmann, C. granulatella Zeller, C. texanella Chambers, C. vitisella Gregson; Scythrididae: Scythris sinensis (Felder & Rogenhofer); Gelechiidae: Altenia perspersella (Wocke), Gnorimoschema jalavai Povolný, Scrobipalpa acuminatella (Sircom), Sophronia gelidella Nordman; Choreutidae: Anthophila fabriciana (L.); and Tortricidae: Phiaris bipunctana (F.). These cases of previously unrecognized faunal overlap have led to their redescription in several instances. Five new synonyms are proposed: Blastobasis glandulella (Riley, 1871) = B. huemeri Sinev, 1993, syn. nov.; B. tarda Meyrick, 1902 = Neoblastobasis ligurica Nel & Varenne, 2004, syn. nov.; Coleophora atriplicis Meyrick, 1928 = C. cervinella McDunnough, 1946, syn. nov.; C. texanella Chambers, 1878 = C. coxi Baldizzone & van der Wolf, 2007, syn. nov., and = C. vagans Walsingham, 1907, syn. nov. Lectotypes are designated for Blastobasis tarda Meyrick and Coleophora texanella Chambers. Type specimens were examined where pertinent to establish new synonymies. We identify 12 previously overlooked cases of species introductions, highlighting the power of DNA barcoding as a tool for biosurveillance.
Nonlinear Feedback in a Five-Dimensional Lorenz Model
Authors: Shen Bo-Wen 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
In this study, based on the number of modes, the original three-dimensional Lorenz model (3DLM) is generalized with two additional modes [five-dimensional Lorenz model (5DLM)] to examine their role in the predictability of the numerical solutions and to understand the underlying processes that increase the solution stability. As a result of the simplicity of the 5DLM with respect to existing generalized Lorenz models (LMs), the author is able to obtain the analytical solutions of its critical points and identify the role of the major nonlinear term in the solution’s stability, which have previously not been documented in the literature. The nonlinear Jacobian terms of the governing equations are analyzed to highlight the importance of selecting new modes for extending the nonlinear feedback loop of the 3DLM and thus effectively increasing the degree of nonlinearity (i.e., the nonlinear mode–mode interactions) in the 5DLM. It is then shown that numerical solutions in the 5DLM require a larger normalized Rayleigh number r for the onset of chaos and are more predictable than those in the 3DLM when r is between 25 and 40 and the Prandtl number σ is 10. The improved predictability is attributable to the negative nonlinear feedback enabled by the new modes. The role of the (negative) nonlinear feedback is further verified using a revised 3DLM with a parameterized nonlinear eddy dissipative term. The finding of the increased stability in the 5DLM and revised 3DLM with respect to the 3DLM is confirmed with the linear stability analysis and the analysis of the Lyapunov exponents using different values of r and σ. To further understand the impact of an additional heating term, results from the 5DLM and a higher-dimensional LM [e.g., the six-dimensional LM (6DLM)] are analyzed and compared.
An Environmental Wind Tunnel Facility for Testing Meteorological Sensor Systems
Authors: Holstein-Rathlou C. , Merrison J. , Iversen J. J. , Jakobsen A. B. , Nicolajsen R. , Nørnberg P. , Rasmussen K. , Merlone A. , Lopardo G. , Hudson T. , Banfield D. , Portyankina G. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Reliable and accurate environmental sensing is a cornerstone of modern meteorology. This paper presents a laboratory environmental simulator capable of reproducing extreme environments and performing tests and calibrations of meteorological sensor systems under controlled conditions. This facility is available to the research community as well as industry and is intended to encourage advancement in the field of sensor metrology applied to meteorology and climatology. Discussion will be made of the temperature, pressure, humidity and wind flow control, and sensing systems with reference to specific sensor test programs and future research activities.
Association of prediabetes by fasting glucose and/or haemoglobin A1c levels with subclinical atherosclerosis and impaired renal function: Observations from the Dallas Heart Study
Authors: Xing Frank YF , Neeland Ian J , Gore M Odette , Ayers Colby R , Paixao Andre RM , Turer Aslan T , Berry Jarett D , Khera Amit , de Lemos James A , McGuire Darren K 
Published: December 2013

Background: Prediabetes defined by fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) predicts incident diabetes, but their individual and joint associations with micro- and macro-vascular risk remain poorly defined. Methods: FPG, HbA1c, coronary artery calcium (CAC), carotid wall thickness, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) were measured in adults free from prior diabetes or cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the Dallas Heart Study 2 (DHS-2), a population-based cohort study. Prediabetes was defined by FPG 100–125 mg/dL and/or HbA1c 5.7%–6.4%. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyse associations of HbA1c and/or FPG in the prediabetes range with subclinical atherosclerosis and renal measures. Results: The study comprised 2340 participants, median age = 49 years; 60% women and 50% black. Those with prediabetes were older (52 vs 48 years), more often men (63% vs 53%), black (53% vs 47%) and obese (58% vs 40%; p < 0.001 for each). Prediabetes was captured by FPG alone (43%), HbA1c alone (30%) or both (27%). Those with prediabetes by HbA1c or FPG versus normal HbA1c/FPG had more CAC [odds ratio (OR) = 1.8; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.5–2.2], higher carotid wall thickness (1.32 vs 1.29 mm, p < 0.001), eGFR < 60 mL/min [OR = 1.6 (95% CI = 1.1–2.4)], UACR > 30 mg/dL [OR = 1.8 (95% CI = 1.2–2.7)] and a higher odds for the composite eGFR + UACR [chronic kidney disease (CKD) ≥ 2] [OR = 1.9 (95% CI = 1.5–2.6)]. After multivariable adjustment, none of these associations remained significant. Conclusion: Prediabetes defined by HbA1c and/or FPG criteria is crudely associated with markers of diabetic macro- and micro-vascular disease, but not after statistical adjustment, suggesting the relationships are attributable to other characteristics of the prediabetes population.
The FAt Spondyloarthritis Spine Score (FASSS): development and validation of a new scoring method for the evaluation of fat lesions in the spine of patients with axial spondyloarthritis
Authors: Pedersen Susanne Juhl , Zhao Zheng , Lambert Robert GW , Wichuk Stephanie , Østergaard Mikkel , Weber Ulrich , Maksymowych Walter P 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Introduction
Studies have shown that fat lesions follow resolution of inflammation in the spine of patients with axial spondyloarthritis (SpA). Fat lesions at vertebral corners have also been shown to predict development of new syndesmophytes. Therefore, scoring of fat lesions in the spine may constitute both an important measure of treatment efficacy as well as a surrogate marker for new bone formation. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a new scoring method for fat lesions in the spine, the Fat SpA Spine Score (FASSS), which in contrast to the existing scoring method addresses the localization and phenotypic diversity of fat lesions in patients with axial SpA.

Methods
Fat lesions at pre-specified anatomical locations at each vertebral endplate (C2 lower-S1 upper) were assessed dichotomously (present/absent) on spine MRIs. Two readers independently evaluated MRIs obtained at two time points for 58 patients (Exercise 1), followed by optimization of scoring methodology and reader calibration. Thereafter, the same readers read 135 pairs of MRI scans (Exercise 2; including the 58 pairs from exercise 1 randomly mixed with 77 new pairs).

Results
In Exercise 2, the mean (SD) baseline FASSS score for the two readers was 22.5(29.6) and 21.1(28.0), respectively, and the FASSS change score was 4.2(10.6) and 6.0(12.2). Inter-reader reliability assessed as intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) for status and change scores were excellent (0.96 (95% CI (0.94 to 0.97)) and very good (0.86 (0.80 to 0.90)), respectively. The smallest detectable change (SDC) was 3.7 for the 135 patients. Good reliability of change scores was also observed for MRI scans conducted one year apart (ICC 0.74 (95% CI 0.44 to 0.89) and SDC 4.5). For the 58 MRI-pairs assessed in both exercises, inter-reader reproducibility for the total FASSS status score improved from very good (ICCs: 0.89 (95% CI: 0.81 to 0.93) in exercise 1 to excellent in exercise 2 (0.96 (0.93 to 0.98)), and improved substantially for the total change score (from 0.67 (0.51 to 0.80) to 0.83 (0.73 to 0.90).

Conclusions
FASSS meets essential validation criteria for quantification of a common structural abnormality in clinical trials of axial spondyloarthritis.
High-mobility group box 1 and the receptor for advanced glycation end products contribute to lung injury during Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia
Authors: Achouiti Ahmed , van der Meer Anne Jan , Florquin Sandrine , Yang Huan , Tracey Kevin J , van ’t Veer Cornelis , de Vos Alex F , van der Poll Tom 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Introduction
Staphylococcus (S.) aureus has emerged as an important cause of necrotizing pneumonia. Lung injury during S. aureus pneumonia may be enhanced by local release of damage associated molecular patterns such as high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). In the current study we sought to determine the functional role of HMGB1 and its receptors, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), in the injurious host response to S. aureus pneumonia.

Methods
Pneumonia was induced in wild type (Wt), TLR4 deficient (tlr4
−/−
) and RAGE deficient (rage
−/−
) mice by intranasal inoculation of 1 × 107 colony-forming units (CFU) of a USA300 S. aureus. In a separate set of experiments, Wt mice were injected intraperitoneally with a monoclonal anti-HMGB1 antibody or an isotype matched control antibody immediately before and every 24 hours after intranasal infection of S. aureus. Mice were sacrificed at 6, 24, 48 or 72 hours after infection for harvesting of blood and organs.

Results
S. aureus pneumonia was associated with HMGB1 release in the bronchoalveolar compartment peaking after 24 hours. Anti-HMGB1 attenuated lung pathology and protein leak and reduced interleukin-1β release 6 hours after infection, but not at later time points. RAGE deficiency more modestly attenuated lung pathology without influencing protein leak, while TLR4 deficiency did not impact on lung injury.

Conclusion
These data suggest that HMGB1 and RAGE, but not TLR4, contribute to lung injury accompanying the early phase of S. aureus pneumonia.
Population genomics of the endangered giant Galápagos tortoise
Authors: Loire Etienne , Chiari Ylenia , Bernard Aurélien , Cahais Vincent , Romiguier Jonathan , Nabholz Benoît , Lourenço Joao Miguel , Galtier Nicolas 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Background
The giant Galápagos tortoise, Chelonoidis nigra, is a large-sized terrestrial chelonian of high patrimonial interest. The species recently colonized a small continental archipelago, the Galápagos Islands, where it has been facing novel environmental conditions and limited resource availability. To explore the genomic consequences of this ecological shift, we analyze the transcriptomic variability of five individuals of C. nigra, and compare it to similar data obtained from several continental species of turtles.

Results
Having clarified the timing of divergence in the Chelonoidis genus, we report in C. nigra a very low level of genetic polymorphism, signatures of a weakened efficacy of purifying selection, and an elevated mutation load in coding and regulatory sequences. These results are consistent with the hypothesis of an extremely low long-term effective population size in this insular species. Functional evolutionary analyses reveal a reduced diversity of immunity genes in C. nigra, in line with the hypothesis of attenuated pathogen diversity in islands, and an increased selective pressure on genes involved in response to stress, potentially related to the climatic instability of its environment and its elongated lifespan. Finally, we detect no population structure or homozygosity excess in our five-individual sample.

Conclusions
These results enlighten the molecular evolution of an endangered taxon in a stressful environment and point to island endemic species as a promising model for the study of the deleterious effects on genome evolution of a reduced long-term population size.
Tamboatá: expandindo a festa
Authors: Dias Pedro Ivo Rogedo Costa 
Published: December 2013

Os sócios de uma casa noturna de muito sucesso em Itaipava, na região serrana do Rio de Janeiro, discutem a viabilidade e oportunidade de expandir o negócio para outras cidades. DOI: 10.12660/gvcasosv3n2c6http://dx.doi.org/10.12660/gvcasosv3n2c6
Hybrid-Strategy Attacks in Collaborative Spectrum Sensing of Cognitive Radio Networks
Authors: Yao Junnan , Wu Qihui , Wang Jinlong 
Published: December 2013

AbstractByzantine attacks in collaborative spectrum sensing (CSS) systems of cognitive radio networks (CRNs) is a critical threat and has attracted considerable attention. However, in existing works, attacking strategies are generally modeled in a simple way, i.e., Single-Strategy, and the attackers can be detected easily. In practical CRNs, Byzantine attackers could be more sophisticated, and they could adjust their malicious actions according to the actions of normal nodes. In this paper, we propose a new type of attacks, i.e., Hybrid-Strategy attacks (HSAs), which are more flexible and destructive than Single-Strategy attacks. We analyze the properties of proposed HSAs and the limitations of existing attacker-detection methods when they encounter HSAs. Furthermore, we prove that the HSAs can avoid being detected by existing distance based detection algorithms when they evolve into stealthy attacks.
Compact LPF Using T-shaped Resonator
Authors: Sariri H. , Rahmani Z. , Lalbakhsh A. , Majidifar S. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractA novel microstrip lowpass filter based on a T-shaped resonator is proposed in this paper that presents wide stopband and compact size. A method of scaling is applied to and studied on the proposed resonator in order to tune its response parameters. To achieve wide stopband, a suppressing cell is designed and connected in series form to the resonator. The resulting filter is then fabricated and measured. Simulated and measured results of the proposed filter verify its advantages over those presented in the references in terms of stopband-width and physical size.
Sickle cell disease and pregnancy outcomes: population-based study on 8.8 million births
Authors: Alayed Nada , Kezouh Abbas , Oddy Lisa , Abenhaim Haim A. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of sickle cell disease (SCD) in pregnancy, and to measure risk factors, morbidity, and mortality among women with SCD with and without crisis at the time of birth.

Methods: We conducted a population-based, retrospective cohort study on all births in the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Inpatient Sample (HCUP-NIS) from 1999 to 2008. Births to SCD with and without crisis were identified using ICD-9 codes. Adjusted effects of risk factors and outcomes were estimated using logistic regression analyses. Effect of hemoglobin variants among women with SCD was analyzed as a predictor of crisis.

Results: There were 4262 births to women with SCD for an overall prevalence of 4.83 per 10,000 deliveries. 28.5% of women with SCD developed crisis at the time of delivery. The maternal mortality rate was 1.6 per 1000 deliveries in women with SCD, compared to 0.1 per 1000 in women without SCD. Pregnant women with SCD had a higher risk of developing preeclampsia, eclampsia, venous thromboembolism, cardiomyopathy, intrauterine fetal demise, and intrauterine growth restriction. Cesarean delivery rates were higher in women with SCD. Among the 1898 SCD women with identified hemoglobin variants, homozygous SS was the greatest risk factor for sickle cell crisis, accounting for 89.8% of all women who developed crisis.

Conclusion: Pregnant women with SCD have a high risk of morbidity and mortality. Developing acute sickle cell crisis worsened perinatal outcomes.
Diamond Dielectrics for Advanced Wakefield Accelerators
Authors: Zuo Stanley S. , Butler James E. , Pate Bradford B. , Antipov Sergey P. , Kanareykin Alexei , Jing Chunguang 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTDiamond was investigated as one of the superior dielectric materials for advanced wakefield accelerators. Both planar and cylindrical wakefield accelerating structures were constructed. An AsTex microwave plasma-enhanced CVD system was modified for synthesis of cylindrical polycrystalline diamond tubes. Cylindrical diamond tubes were successfully synthesized from hydrogen and methane and are characterized with micro Raman, photoluminescence spectroscopy and optical tests. In addition, planar wakefield structures were constructed from commercially available diamond. Wakefield tests on a rectangular diamond structure confirm that diamond can sustain microwave electric field strengths of 0.3 GV/m at its surface without material breakdown.
Reactive Template-Induced Self-Assembly to Ordered Mesoporous Polymer and Carbon
Authors: Liang Yeru , Fu Ruowen , Wu Dingcai 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTAs an important method for preparing ordered mesoporous polymer and carbon, organic template directed self-assembly is facing challenges because of the weak non-covalent interactions between the organic templates and the building blocks. Herein we developed a novel synthetic procedure based on a reactive template-induced self-assembly to construct ordered mesoporous framework. The aldehyde end-group of reactive template can react with the building blocks (i.e., resol) to form a stable covalent bond during the self-assembly process. This leads to an enhanced interaction between resol and template and thus achieves the formation of ordered mesostructure.
Ecological determinants of clinal morphological variation in the cranium of the North American gray wolf
Authors: O'Keefe F. Robin , Meachen Julie , Fet Elizabeth V. , Brannick Alexandria 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
The gray wolf (Canis lupus) exhibits both genetic and morphologic clinal variation across North America. Although shape variation in wolf populations has been documented, no study has been made to exhaustively quantify it, or to correlate morphologic variation with environmental variables. This study utilizes a large historical database of wolf skull linear measurements to analyze shape, and attempts to correlate it with wolf ecology. A variety of statistical tests are employed; size and shape are examined through a principal component analysis and a calculation of allometry vectors. Multiple regression analysis (both global and stepwise) are then used to test the resulting principal components against various biotic and abiotic factors. In addition, the effects of sexual dimorphism and taxonomy on morphology are explored through 1-way analysis of variance and canonical variates analysis, respectively. Several patterns are revealed, including size increase with latitude in accord with Bergmann's rule. Static allometry is significant, the fundamental pattern being a decrease in the robusticity of the basicranium relative to the viscerocranium. Sexual dimorphism, allometry, and a correlation with precipitation are other key factors driving morphological variation. Examination of these patterns has allowed us to make conclusions about the direct and indirect ways the environment has affected clinal variation in wolves.
Compaction and Liquefaction of a Sandy Layer: Simulation of Shaking Table Experiments
Authors: Sawicki A. , Świdziński W. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis paper presents numerical simulations of the behavior of a sandy layer subjected to a cyclic horizontal acceleration in shaking table tests, with a particular attention focused on the settlements of a dry sand layer, and on the liquefaction of saturated sand. A compaction/liquefaction model (C/L) is applied to these simulations. The influence of specific parameters of the model on the compaction and liquefaction of a sandy layer is shown and discussed. The results of simulations are compared with selected experimental data.