bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on Hydraulic Characteristics of Horizontal and Vertical Cross Inlet
Authors: Zhang Mengzhen , Chen Ming , Sun Jiyang , Wu Bin , Chen Qingsheng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractInlet with horizontal and vertical discharge channels, as a new type, has certain advantages in flood discharge and diversion of water conservancy and hydropower engineering, but the water flow in this inlet is more complicated and lacks relevant systematic research. In this paper, a two-dimensional hydrodynamic mathematical model is used to investigate the hydraulic characteristics such as flow rate and velocity of each channel with respect to the area and head of horizontal and vertical diversion channels. According to the results, under different head ratios, confluence ratios are proportional to head ratios; however, the Froude number of horizontal hole and shaft are inversely proportional to head ratios. When the head ratios reach a certain extent, confluence rations and the Froude number tend to be a constant. In addition, under different area ratios, as the area ratios grow, the confluence ratios and the Froude number increase.
Fatigue Response Analysis of Steel Pipe Piles with Super Length to Diameter Ratio Under Adverse Sea Conditions
Authors: Zhang Bo , Lv Shuhui , Wu Jiaqi , Su Shiding 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAs an important component of seaport structures, steel pipe piles are subjected to cyclic loads over long periods of time in marine environments, especially when steel pipe piles are subjected to large bending moments, where the weld position is susceptible to fatigue damage. Based on an engineering example, a load-pile-soil triaxial fatigue analysis model was established to study the fatigue response rule of steel pipe piles under wave load, and the following conclusions were obtained: Regardless of whether the factor of weld is considered, the wave load with the wave height below 3.5 m will not cause fatigue damage to the steel pipe pile with the pile diameter of 1.2 m and wall thickness of 20 mm. The increased wave load will reinforce the effect of the weld on the steel pipe piles, resulting in a rapid reduction in the fatigue life of the steel pipe piles and a larger range of fatigue damage.
Fetal growth restriction and placental defects in obese mice are associated with impaired decidualisation: the role of increased leptin signalling modulators SOCS3 and PTPN2
Authors: Walewska Edyta , Makowczenko Karol G. , Witek Krzysztof , Laniecka Elżbieta , Molcan Tomasz , Alvarez-Sanchez Andrea , Kelsey Gavin , Perez-Garcia Vicente , Galvão António M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDecidualisation of the endometrium is a key event in early pregnancy, which enables embryo implantation. Importantly, the molecular processes impairing decidualisation in obese mothers are yet to be characterised. We hypothesise that impaired decidualisation in obese mice is mediated by the upregulation of leptin modulators, the suppressor of cytokine signalling 3 (SOCS3) and the protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 (PTPN2), together with the disruption of progesterone (P4)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3) signalling. After feeding mice with chow diet (CD) or high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks, we confirmed the downregulation of P4 and oestradiol (E2) steroid receptors in decidua from embryonic day (E) 6.5 and decreased proliferation of stromal cells from HFD. In vitro decidualised mouse endometrial stromal cells (MESCs) and E6.5 deciduas from the HFD showed decreased expression of decidualisation markers, followed by the upregulation of SOCS3 and PTPN2 and decreased phosphorylation of STAT3. In vivo and in vitro leptin treatment of mice and MESCs mimicked the results observed in the obese model. The downregulation of Socs3 and Ptpn2 after siRNA transfection of MESCs from HFD mice restored the expression level of decidualisation markers. Finally, DIO mice placentas from E18.5 showed decreased labyrinth development and vascularisation and fetal growth restricted embryos. The present study revealed major defects in decidualisation in obese mice, characterised by altered uterine response to E2 and P4 steroid signalling. Importantly, altered hormonal response was associated with increased expression of leptin signalling modulators SOCS3 and PTPN2. Elevated levels of SOCS3 and PTPN2 were shown to molecularly affect decidualisation in obese mice, potentially disrupting the STAT3-PR regulatory molecular hub.
Characterization of novel CD8+ regulatory T cells and their modulatory effects in murine model of inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Fan Jia-Ning , Ho Hsin , Chiang Bor-Luen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDysregulation of mucosal immune system has been proposed to be critical in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an important role in regulating immune responses. Tregs are involved in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and exerting suppressive function in colitis. Our previous studies showed that a novel forkhead box protein P3 (Foxp3) negative Tregs (Treg-of-B cells), induced by culturing naïve CD4+ T cells with B cells, could protect against colitis and downregulate T helper (Th) 1 and Th17 cell cytokines in T cell-mediated colitis. In the present study, we aimed to induce Treg-of-B cells in the CD8+ T-cell population and investigate their characteristics and immunomodulatory functions. Our results showed that CD8+ Treg-of-B cells expressed Treg-associated markers, including lymphocyte-activation gene-3 (LAG3), inducible co-stimulator (ICOS), programmed death-1 (PD-1), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4 (CTLA-4), tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member-4 (TNFRSF4, OX40), and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member-18 (TNFRSF18, GITR), but did not express Foxp3. CD8+ Treg-of-B cells produced higher concentration of inhibitory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10, and expressed higher levels of cytotoxic factor granzyme B and perforin after stimulation, compared to those of CD8+CD25- T cells. Moreover, CD8+ Treg-of-B cells suppressed T cell proliferation in vitro and alleviated colonic inflammation in chronic dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. In conclusion, our study identified a novel subpopulation of CD8+ Tregs with suppressive effects through cell contact. These CD8+ Treg-of-B cells might have therapeutic potential for IBDs.
Elastic flow of curves with partial free boundary
Authors: Diana Antonia 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe consider a curve with boundary points free to move on a line in$${{{\mathbb {R}}}}^2$$R2, which evolves by the$$L^2$$L2-gradient flow of the elastic energy, that is, a linear combination of the Willmore and the length functional. For this planar evolution problem, we study the short and long-time existence. Once we establish under which boundary conditions the PDE’s system is well-posed (in our case the Navier boundary conditions), employing the Solonnikov theory for linear parabolic systems in Hölder space, we show that there exists a unique flow in a maximal time interval [0, T). Then, using energy methods we prove that the maximal time is$$T= + \infty $$T=+∞.
Maintaining disorder: estimating the association between policing and psychiatric hospitalization among youth in New York City by neighborhood racial composition, 2006–2014
Authors: Packard Samuel E. , Verzani Zoe , Finsaas Megan C. , Levy Natalie S. , Shefner Ruth , Planey Arrianna M. , Boehme Amelia K. , Prins Seth J. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To assess whether neighborhood-level measures of policing are spatio-temporally associated with psychiatric hospialization among adolescents and young adults in New York City, and whether this association varies by neighborhood racial composition.

Methods
We derived population-based measures of policing from the New York City Police Department (NYPD), psychiatric hospitalization from Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS) data, and socio-demographic data from the American Community Survey (ACS), aggregated by month and ZIP Code Tabulation Area (ZCTA) from 2006 to 2014. Multi-level negative binomial regression models assessed hospitalization-time of youth aged 10–24 as the dependent variable and the rate of policing events as the primary independent variable, adjusting for neighborhood poverty, unemployment, and educational attainment. Multiplicative interaction was assessed between policing and tertiles of the percentage of Black residents.

Results
A total of 11,900,192 policing incidents and 2,118,481 person-days of hospitalization were aggregated to 19,440 ZCTA-months. After adjusting for neighborhood-level sociodemographic characteristics, an increase in one policing incident per 1,000 residents was associated with a 0.3% increase in the rate of youth psychiatric hospitalization time (IRR 1.003 [1.001–1.005]). Neighborhood racial composition modified this effect; not only was the rate of psychiatric hospitalization and policing higher in neighborhoods with a higher proportion of Black residents, but the association between these was also significantly higher in neighorhoods with a larger share of Black residents compared with predominantly non-Black neighborhoods.

Conclusion
Neighborhoods experiencing higher rates of policing during the study period experienced higher burdens of psychiatric hospitalization among adolescent and young adult residents. This association was larger in neighborhoods of color which have been disproportionately targeted by “hot spot” and order-maintenance policing practices and policies.
Explainable artificial intelligence for spectroscopy data: a review
Authors: Contreras Jhonatan , Bocklitz Thomas 
Published: August 2024

AbstractExplainable artificial intelligence (XAI) has gained significant attention in various domains, including natural and medical image analysis. However, its application in spectroscopy remains relatively unexplored. This systematic review aims to fill this gap by providing a comprehensive overview of the current landscape of XAI in spectroscopy and identifying potential benefits and challenges associated with its implementation. Following the PRISMA guideline 2020, we conducted a systematic search across major journal databases, resulting in 259 initial search results. After removing duplicates and applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 21 scientific studies were included in this review. Notably, most of the studies focused on using XAI methods for spectral data analysis, emphasizing identifying significant spectral bands rather than specific intensity peaks. Among the most utilized AI techniques were SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), masking methods inspired by Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations (LIME), and Class Activation Mapping (CAM). These methods were favored due to their model-agnostic nature and ease of use, enabling interpretable explanations without modifying the original models. Future research should propose new methods and explore the adaptation of other XAI employed in other domains to better suit the unique characteristics of spectroscopic data.
A novel method for the detection and classification of multiple diseases using transfer learning-based deep learning techniques with improved performance
Authors: Natarajan Krishnamoorthy , Muthusamy Suresh , Sha Mizaj Shabil , Sadasivuni Kishor Kumar , Sekaran Sreejith , Charles Gnanakkan Christober Asir Rajan , A.Elngar Ahmed 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA disease is a distinct abnormal state that significantly affects the functioning of all or part of an individual and is not caused by external harm. Diseases are frequently understood as medical conditions connected with distinct indications and symptoms. According to a fairly wide categorization, diseases can also be categorized as mental disorders, deficient diseases, genetic diseases, degenerative diseases, self-inflicted diseases, infectious diseases, non-infectious diseases, social diseases, and physical diseases. Prevention of the diseases is of multiple instances. Primary prevention seeks to prevent illness or harm before it ever happens. Secondary prevention tries to lessen the effect of an illness or damage that has already happened. This is done through diagnosing and treating illness or injury as soon as feasible to stop or delay its course, supporting personal ways to avoid recurrence or reinjury, and implementing programs to restore individuals to their previous health and function to prevent long-term difficulties. Tertiary prevention tries to lessen the impact of a continuing sickness or injury that has enduring repercussions. Diagnosis of the disease at an earlier stage is important for the treatment of the disease. Hence, in this study, deep learning algorithms, such as VGG16, EfficientNetB4, and ResNet, are utilized to diagnose various diseases, such as Alzheimer's, brain tumors, skin diseases, and lung diseases. Chest X-rays, MRI scans, CT scans, and skin lesions are used to diagnose the mentioned diseases. Transfer learning algorithms, such as VGG16, VGG19, ResNet, InceptionV3, and EfficientNetB4, are utilized to categorize various diseases. EfficientNetB4 with the learning rate annealing, having obtained an accuracy of 94.04% on the test dataset, is observed. As a consequence, we observed that every network has unique particular skills on the multi-disease dataset, which includes chest X-rays, MRI scans, etc.,
Post-traumatic stress disorder symptomatology is associated with insomnia among women engaged in opioid use disorder treatment with buprenorphine
Authors: Stadtler Hannah , Turkson Susie , Eglovitch Michelle , Svikis Dace S. , Neigh Gretchen , Martin Caitlin E. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to explore the association between the degree of PTSD symptomatology and severity of insomnia symptoms in a clinical sample of women receiving buprenorphine for OUD. PTSD symptomatology was assessed via the PCL-5, and insomnia symptoms were determined via the Insomnia Severity Index. Analyses indicated that more participants experiencing clinically significant PTSD symptomatology also reported insomnia symptoms than their counterparts. Future work should investigate how holistic care (e.g., trauma-informed approaches) that addresses the overlap between trauma and sleep disturbance could inform gender-specific OUD treatment strategies in the overdose crisis.
Seismic performance of retrofitted and non-retrofitted RC school buildings after the February 6th, 2023, Kahramanmaraş earthquakes
Authors: Altıok Taha Yasin , Şevik Mehmet , Demir Ali 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOn February 6, 2023, two significant earthquakes struck Pazarcık and Elbistan/Kahramanmaraş with magnitudes of 7.7 and 7.6, respectively. These earthquakes are considered the most devastating disaster in Turkey in the last century. According to official records, these earthquakes affected 11 provinces, resulting in the loss of more than 50,000 lives. Additionally, numerous buildings collapsed or became unusable due to the impact of the earthquakes and the schools constitute an important part of these structures. The schools are important facilities that need to be functional and safe following an earthquake. This study contains both post-earthquake field observations and numerical studies for the retrofitted and non-retrofitted schools. It investigates the retrofitted and non-retrofitted conditions of a total of 7 blocks, which consist of 4 different schools located in Kahramanmaraş. It is observed that the retrofitted school buildings weren’t damaged after these earthquakes. The numerical models underwent nonlinear time history analyses using the ETABS program. The ground accelerations used in the analyses were obtained from the nearest station to the school buildings. The analyses yielded several results, including the natural periods, story displacements, story drifts, and seismic energy inputs of the structures. These results were then compared with the field observations to assess their accuracy and validity. With the retrofit application, story displacements, the interstory drifts and seismic energy input have decreased. Both field studies and numerical analyses have shown that even school buildings with insufficient material and engineering services can become resistant to major earthquakes with an appropriate retrofit method.
Environmental Authenticity: Constructing Nature in Postindustrial Parks
Authors: Loughran Kevin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIf nature is socially constructed, how do cultural producers construct it? Few social spaces materialize social constructions of nature as powerfully and as directly as parks, which represent cultural beliefs about nature’s form and function. This paper considers how landscape architects and other social actors involved in creating contemporary urban park landscapes think about nature and decide how to represent it through cultural objects. Drawing on the analysis of three case studies – New York’s High Line, Chicago’s Bloomingdale Trail/606, and Houston’s Buffalo Bayou Park – I consider the aesthetic judgments that cultural producers make about nature when designing and placing value on park landscapes. I find that in the cultural conditions of the twenty-first century, three aesthetic judgments prevail, converging to create a particular vision of nature that is both highly valued and tightly linked to racialized currents of cultural and economic capital. These aesthetic judgments prize nature as local, wild, and imbricated with urban space. They structure what I term “environmental authenticity”: the idea that socially valued forms of nature are rooted in classical understandings of a socially unmediated, nonhuman nature whose agency in creating landscapes is minimally violated by obvious human cultivation and that exists, seemingly organically, in postindustrial settings. Judgments about environmental authenticity, I argue, are centrally about who has the power to shape landscapes.
PSILCA database for social life cycle assessment: worker hours vs. raw values approach
Authors: Springer Sally K. , Wulf Christina , Zapp Petra 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Progressive development within the research area of social life cycle assessment (S-LCA) has recently occurred, for example, GreenDelta introduced a new direct quantification approach using raw values in the PSILCA database. This complements the concept of the activity variable worker hours, which has many advantages and disadvantages. This paper aims to assess this new approach by identifying its characteristics, opportunities, and challenges in comparison to the initial worker hours approach.

Methods
The general use of activity variables in S-LCA is outlined, followed by an elaboration of the characteristics, purposes, and functionalities of the worker hours approach as well as the raw values approach of PSILCA. This comparison of approaches includes different data components, calculation procedures, and their upsides and downsides and is based on materials provided by GreenDelta as well as our own elaborations. Two components of a fuel cell electric vehicle, the glider and the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, serve as sample applications for the comparison and are briefly described before their calculation is executed in the software openLCA, using both PSILCA approaches. The question of whether the differences in the approaches contradict a comparison is answered: The PSILCA results of the sample applications can be compared to derive further characteristics.

Results and discussion
The comparison comprises two modeling requirements for the raw values approach as well as their major consequence. They concern the execution by the practitioner: inventory indicators must be added to every unit process, the choice of inventory indicators must be the same for every unit process, the amount of the reference flow in the output always has to equal “1 USD,” and consequently, the number of unit processes has an influence on the results. Furthermore, the results of the S-LCA sample applications reveal that the direct impacts in the raw values approach tend to be greater than those in the worker hours approach. The reason can be found in the different calculation procedures as well as the different variables included.

Conclusions
Both approaches have benefits and drawbacks. Depending on the goal of the study to be pursued, the one or the other might be advantageous. In both cases, it is key to understand the modeling requirements and the calculation approach used to interpret the PSILCA results.
Youth Mental Health First Aid Training: Impact on the Ability to Recognize and Support Youth Needs
Authors: Geierstanger Sara , Yu Jessica , Saphir Melissa , Soleimanpour Samira 
Published: August 2024

AbstractYouth Mental Health First Aid (YMHFA) trains individuals who regularly interact with youth to identify youth experiencing mental health challenges. Several studies demonstrate positive training impacts, but few assess whether the training equally impacts participants of different demographic and professional backgrounds or those who participate in different training modalities. Using a pre-post follow-up design with a comparison group, this study examined changes in participants’ confidence in their ability to recognize and support youth mental health needs 1 to 2 months after training. Data were collected over two years (2021–2023) from training participants (n = 480) and comparable non-participants (n = 51). The authors examined whether changes in confidence varied by participant race/ethnicity, professional role in the education or mental health fields, and training modality (online versus hybrid). Training participants’ confidence in supporting youth mental health increased significantly compared to non-participants. Although the training was effective for all participants, those with less mental health experience benefited more, consistent with previous research. While both in-person and hybrid training were effective, in-person training participants reported slightly higher confidence scores than virtual at follow-up. Study findings suggest that educational and social service organizations should offer this training to their staff and community members who interact with youth, prioritizing participants with less prior mental health training and delivering training through an in-person training modality when possible. However, additional research is needed to explore how aspects of in-person training, such as trainer characteristics and group dynamics, impact outcomes.
Artificial Intelligence Based Methods for Retrofit Projects: A Review of Applications and Impacts
Authors: Bocaneala Nicoleta , Mayouf Mohammad , Vakaj Edlira , Shelbourn Mark 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) sector faces severe sustainability and efficiency challenges. In recent years, various initiatives have demonstrated how artificial intelligence can effectively address these challenges and improve sustainability and efficiency in the sector. In the context of retrofit projects, there is a continual rising interest in the deployment of Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques and applications, but the complex nature of such projects requires critical insight into data, processes, and applications so that value can be maximised. This study aims to review AI applications and techniques that have been used in the context of retrofit projects. A review of existing literature on the use of artificial intelligence in retrofit projects within the construction industry was carried out through a thematic analysis. The analysis revealed the potential advantages and difficulties associated with employing AI techniques in retrofit projects, and also identified the commonly utilised techniques, data sources, and processes involved. This study provides a pathway to realise the broad benefits of AI applications for retrofit projects. This study adds to the AI body of knowledge domain by synthesizing the state-of-the-art of AI applications for Retrofit and revealing future research opportunities in this field to enhance the sustainability and efficiency of the AEC sector.