bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Day and Night Closed-Loop Control in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Luijf Yoeri M. , DeVries J. Hans , Zwinderman Koos , Leelarathna Lalantha , Nodale Marianna , Caldwell Karen , Kumareswaran Kavita , Elleri Daniela , Allen Janet M. , Wilinska Malgorzata E. , Evans Mark L. , Hovorka Roman , Doll Werner , Ellmerer Martin , Mader Julia K. , Renard Eric , Place Jerome , Farret Anne , Cobelli Claudio , Del Favero Simone , Dalla Man Chiara , Avogaro Angelo , Bruttomesso Daniela , Filippi Alessio , Scotton Rachele , Magni Lalo , Lanzola Giordano , Di Palma Federico , Soru Paola , Toffanin Chiara , De Nicolao Giuseppe , Arnolds Sabine , Benesch Carsten , Heinemann Lutz ,   on behalf of the AP@home Consortium
Published: October 2013

OBJECTIVE
To compare two validated closed-loop (CL) algorithms versus patient self-control with CSII in terms of glycemic control.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This study was a multicenter, randomized, three-way crossover, open-label trial in 48 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus for at least 6 months, treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. Blood glucose was controlled for 23 h by the algorithm of the Universities of Pavia and Padova with a Safety Supervision Module developed at the Universities of Virginia and California at Santa Barbara (international artificial pancreas [iAP]), by the algorithm of University of Cambridge (CAM), or by patients themselves in open loop (OL) during three hospital admissions including meals and exercise. The main analysis was on an intention-to-treat basis. Main outcome measures included time spent in target (glucose levels between 3.9 and 8.0 mmol/L or between 3.9 and 10.0 mmol/L after meals).

RESULTS
Time spent in the target range was similar in CL and OL: 62.6% for OL, 59.2% for iAP, and 58.3% for CAM. While mean glucose level was significantly lower in OL (7.19, 8.15, and 8.26 mmol/L, respectively) (overall P = 0.001), percentage of time spent in hypoglycemia (&lt;3.9 mmol/L) was almost threefold reduced during CL (6.4%, 2.1%, and 2.0%) (overall P = 0.001) with less time ≤2.8 mmol/L (overall P = 0.038). There were no significant differences in outcomes between algorithms.

CONCLUSIONS
Both CAM and iAP algorithms provide safe glycemic control.
Increased Glycemic Variability Is Independently Associated With Length of Stay and Mortality in Noncritically Ill Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Mendez Carlos E. , Mok Ki-Tae , Ata Ashar , Tanenberg Robert J. , Calles-Escandon Jorge , Umpierrez Guillermo E. 
Published: October 2013

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the association between glycemic variability (GV) and both length of stay (LOS) and 90-day mortality in noncritically ill hospitalized patients.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This study retrospectively analyzed 4,262 admissions to the general medicine or surgery services during a 2 year period. Patients with point-of-care glucose monitoring and a minimum of two glucose values per day on average were selected. GV was assessed by SD and coefficient of variation (CV). Data were analyzed with linear and logistic multivariate regression analysis in separate models for SD and CV. Analysis was performed with generalized estimating equations to adjust for correlation between multiple admissions in some individual cases.

RESULTS
After exclusions, 935 admissions comprised the sample. Results of adjusted analysis indicate that for every 10 mg/dL increase in SD and 10–percentage point increase in CV, LOS increased by 4.4 and 9.7%, respectively. Relative risk of death in 90 days also increased by 8% for every 10-mg/dL increase in SD. These associations were independent of age, race, service of care (medicine or surgery), previous diagnosis of diabetes, HbA1c, BMI, the use of regular insulin as a sole regimen, mean glucose, and hypoglycemia occurrence during the hospitalization.

CONCLUSIONS
Our results indicate that increased GV during hospitalization is independently associated with longer LOS and increased mortality in noncritically ill patients. Prospective studies with continuous glucose monitoring are necessary to investigate this association thoroughly and to generate therapeutic strategies targeted at decreasing GV.
Intakes of Dietary Fiber, Vegetables, and Fruits and Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease in Japanese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Tanaka Shiro , Yoshimura Yukio , Kamada Chiemi , Tanaka Sachiko , Horikawa Chika , Okumura Ryota , Ito Hideki , Ohashi Yasuo , Akanuma Yasuo , Yamada Nobuhiro , Sone Hirohito ,   for the Japan Diabetes Complications Study Group
Published: October 2013

OBJECTIVE
Foods rich in fiber, such as vegetables and fruits, prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD) among healthy adults, but such data in patients with diabetes are sparse. We investigated this association in a cohort with type 2 diabetes aged 40–70 years whose HbA1c values were ≥ 6.5% in Japan Diabetes Society values.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In this cohort study, 1,414 patients were analyzed after exclusion of patients with history of CVDs and nonresponders to a dietary survey. Primary outcomes were times to stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD). Hazard ratios (HRs) of dietary intake were estimated by Cox regression adjusted for systolic blood pressure, lipids, energy intake, and other confounders.

RESULTS
Mean daily dietary fiber in quartiles ranged from 8.7 to 21.8 g, and mean energy intake ranged from 1,442.3 to 2,058.9 kcal. Mean daily intake of vegetables and fruits in quartiles ranged from 228.7 to 721.4 g. During the follow-up of a median of 8.1 years, 68 strokes and 96 CHDs were observed. HRs for stroke in the fourth quartile vs. the first quartile were 0.39 (95% CI 0.12–1.29, P = 0.12) for dietary fiber and 0.35 (0.13–0.96, P = 0.04) for vegetables and fruits. There were no significant associations with CHD. The HR per 1-g increase was smaller for soluble dietary fiber (0.48 [95% CI 0.30–0.79], P &lt; 0.01) than for total (0.82 [0.73–0.93], P &lt; 0.01) and insoluble (0.79 [0.68–0.93], P &lt; 0.01) dietary fiber.

CONCLUSIONS
Increased dietary fiber, particularly soluble fiber, and vegetables and fruits were associated with lower incident stroke but not CHD in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Effects of Randomization to Intensive Glucose Control on Adverse Events, Cardiovascular Disease, and Mortality in Older Versus Younger Adults in the ACCORD Trial
Authors: Miller Michael E. , Williamson Jeff D. , Gerstein Hertzel C. , Byington Robert P. , Cushman William C. , Ginsberg Henry N. , Ambrosius Walter T. , Lovato Laura , Applegate William B. ,   for the ACCORD Investigators
Published: October 2013

OBJECTIVE
We explore the effect of randomized treatment, comparing intensive to standard glucose-lowering strategies on major cardiovascular outcomes, death, and severe adverse events in older versus younger participants in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Participants with type 2 diabetes (n = 10,251) with a mean age of 62 years, a median duration of diabetes of 10 years, and a median A1C of 8.1% (65 mmol/mol) were randomized to treatment strategies targeting either A1C &lt;6.0% (42 mmol/mol) or 7.0–7.9% (53–63 mmol/mol) and followed for a mean of 3.7 years. Outcomes were analyzed within subgroups defined by baseline age (&lt;65 vs. ≥65 years).

RESULTS
Older and younger ACCORD participants achieved similar intensive-arm A1C levels and between-arm A1C differences. Within the older subgroup, similar hazards of the cardiovascular primary outcome and total mortality were observed in the two arms. While there was no intervention effect on cardiovascular mortality in the older subgroup, there was an increased risk in the intensive arm for the younger subgroup (older hazard ratio [HR] = 0.97; younger HR = 1.71; P = 0.03). Regardless of intervention arm, the older subgroup experienced higher annualized rates of severe hypoglycemia (4.45% intensive and 1.36% standard) than the younger subgroup (2.45% intensive and 0.80% standard).

CONCLUSIONS
Intensive glucose lowering increased the risk of cardiovascular disease and total mortality in younger participants, whereas it had a neutral effect in older participants. The intensive to standard relative risk of severe hypoglycemia was similar in both age subgroups, with higher absolute rates in older participants within both treatment arms.
Effect of Glycemic Treatment and Microvascular Complications on Menopause in Women With Type 1 Diabetes in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) Cohort
Authors: Kim Catherine , Cleary Patricia A. , Cowie Catherine C. , Braffett Barbara H. , Dunn Rodney L. , Larkin Mary E. , Gatcomb Patricia M. , Wessells Hunter B. , Nathan David M. , Sarma Aruna V. ,   for the DCCT/EDIC Research Group
Published: October 2013

OBJECTIVE
We examined the impact of intensive versus conventional diabetes treatment upon menopause among women with type 1 diabetes in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT), a randomized controlled trial of intensive diabetes treatment, and its observational follow-up, the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) study.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In a secondary analysis of women in the DCCT/EDIC (n = 657), outcomes were the cumulative incidences of natural menopause and surgical menopause. Cox regression analyses were used to examine associations with treatment group, time-varying estimates of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), insulin dosage, BMI, and microvascular complications (retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy).

RESULTS
By EDIC year 18, after an average of 28 years of follow-up, 240 (38%) women had experienced natural menopause and 115 (18%) women had experienced surgical menopause. Age at natural menopause was similar in the intensive versus conventional groups (49.9 vs. 49.0 years; P = 0.28), and age at surgical menopause was similar in the intensive versus conventional groups (40.8 vs. 42.0 years; P = 0.31). In multivariable models, treatment group, HbA1c, and microvascular complications were not associated with risk of natural or surgical menopause. Each 10 unit/day increase in insulin dosage decreased risk of natural menopause (hazard ratio [HR] 0.91, 95% CI 0.75–0.98) and each kg/m2 increase in BMI increased risk of surgical menopause (HR 1.08, 95% CI 1.00–1.16).

CONCLUSIONS
In the DCCT/EDIC, intensive versus conventional treatment group and HbA1c level were not associated with menopause risk. Greater insulin dose was associated with lower menopause risk.
Long-term outcome of sudden acquired retinal degeneration syndrome in dogs
Authors: Stuckey Jane A. , Pearce Jacqueline W. , Giuliano Elizabeth A. , Cohn Leah A. , Bentley Ellison , Rankin Amy J. , Gilmour Margi A. , Lim Christine C. , Allbaugh Rachel A. , Moore Cecil P. , Madsen Richard W. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Objective—To investigate long-term outcomes and owner-perceived quality of life associated with sudden acquired retinal degeneration syndrome (SARDS) in dogs.
Design—Survey study.
Animals—100 dogs with SARDS examined at 5 academic veterinary institutions from 2005 to 2010.
Procedures—The diagnosis was based on documented acute vision loss, normal results of ophthalmic examinations, and evaluation of extinguished bright-flash electroretinograms. Primary owners of affected dogs completed a questionnaire addressing outcome measures including vision, systemic signs, and perceived quality of life for their dogs.
Results—Age at diagnosis was significantly correlated with positive outcome measures; dogs in which SARDS was diagnosed at a younger age were more likely to have alleged partial vision and higher owner-perceived quality of life. Polyphagia was the only associated systemic sign found to increase in severity over time. Medical treatment was attempted in 22% of dogs; visual improvement was not detected in any. Thirty-seven percent of respondents reported an improved relationship with their dog after diagnosis, and 95% indicated they would discourage euthanasia of dogs with SARDS.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Blindness and concurrent systemic signs associated with SARDS appeared to persist indefinitely, but only polyphagia increased in severity over time. Most owners believed their pets had good quality of life and would discourage euthanasia of dogs with SARDS.
Use of recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone for thyrotropin stimulation testing in euthyroid ferrets
Authors: Mayer Jörg , Wagner Robert , Mitchell Mark A. , Fecteau Kellie 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the effects of IM administration of recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone (rhTSH) on plasma total thyroxine (T4) concentrations in euthyroid ferrets.
Design—Evaluation study.
Animals—25 healthy neutered ferrets (14 female and 11 male) of various ages from 2 populations (laboratory ferrets from Georgia and pet ferrets from Pennsylvania).
Procedures—Each ferret underwent a physical examination and standard hematologic testing to ensure it was healthy and had clinically normal thyroid function. Once determined to be euthyroid, ferrets received a single IM injection of 100 μg of rhTSH. Blood samples were collected into plasma-separator tubes immediately before the rhTSH injection (time 0) and 4 hours after injection to measure T4 concentrations.
Results—Males did not differ from females in regard to prestimulation or poststimulation plasma T4 concentrations; however, prestimulation and poststimulation T4 concentrations were significantly different between the 2 groups of ferrets. A significant difference was also identified between prestimulation T4 concentration (mean ± SD, 21.3 ± 6.1 nmol/L) and poststimulation T4 concentration (29.9 ± 8.2 nmol/L). All 25 ferrets had high poststimulation T4 concentrations (median difference, 7. 5 nmol/L; 10% to 90% interval, 3.26 to 17.70 nmol/L [0.25 to 1.38 μg/dL]; range, 2.50 to 20.70 nmol/L [0.19 to 1.61 μg/dL]); this represented a median increase in T4 concentration of 35% (10% to 90% interval, 18% to 81%; range, 8% to 126%).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that rhTSH can be used for thyrotropin stimulation testing in ferrets when administered IM. According to the findings, a euthyroid ferret should have an increase of approximately 30% in plasma T4 concentration 4 hours after rhTSH injection.
Effects of urinary bladder retroflexion and surgical technique on postoperative complication rates and long-term outcome in dogs with perineal hernia: 41 cases (2002–2009)
Authors: Grand Jean-Guillaume , Bureau Stéphane , Monnet Eric 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the effects of urinary bladder retroflexion (UBR) and surgical technique on postoperative complication rates and long-term outcome in dogs with perineal hernia.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—41 client-owned dogs with perineal hernia that underwent surgery between November 2002 and November 2009.
Procedures—Medical records were reviewed for information on dog signalment, history, physical examination findings, ultrasonographic findings, surgical techniques, intraoperative complications, duration of hospital stay, postoperative complications, and long-term outcome.
Results—31 dogs had no UBR, and 10 dogs had UBR. Internal obturator muscle transposition (IOMT) was performed in 20 dogs, and a cystopexy or colopexy was performed before the IOMT (LapIOMT) in 21. Postoperative complications included tenesmus (n = 8) and urinary incontinence (1). Rates of postoperative complications were not significantly different between the no-UBR and UBR groups or between the IOMT and LapIOMT groups. Thirty-two dogs were free of clinical signs at the time of the study. The median disease-free interval did not differ significantly between dogs in the no-UBR and UBR groups, but it was significantly lower in the LapIOMT group than in the IOMT group. None of the 7 dogs with UBR that were treated without cystopexy developed recurrence of UBR.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—UBR was not associated with an increased rate of postoperative complications relative to no UBR and had no effect on the long-term outcome in dogs with perineal hernia. The use of IOMT alone may be recommended for clinical use because LapIOMT offered no clear advantage.
Clinical features, treatment options, and outcome in dogs with thymoma: 116 cases (1999–2010)
Authors: Robat Cecilia S. , Cesario Lori , Gaeta Rachael , Miller Mairin , Schrempp Diane , Chun Ruthanne 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Objective—To describe clinical signs, diagnostic findings, treatment, and outcome and determine factors associated with survival time for dogs with thymoma.
Design—Multi-institutional retrospective case series.
Animals—116 dogs with thymoma.
Procedures—Medical records were searched for information regarding signalment, physical examination findings, results of laboratory testing and diagnostic imaging, medical and surgical treatment, and survival data.
Results—Of the 116 dogs with thymoma, 44 (38%) were Labrador Retrievers and Golden Retrievers. Twenty of 116 (17%) dogs had signs of myasthenia gravis (diagnosis was confirmed for 13 dogs). At the time of thymoma diagnosis, 40 (34%) dogs had hypercalcemia, 8 (7%) dogs had a concurrent immune-mediated disease, and 31 (27%) dogs had another tumor; 16 (14%) dogs developed a second nonthymic tumor at a later date. Tumor excision was performed for 84 dogs, after which 14 (17%) had tumor recurrence; prognosis was good for dogs undergoing a second surgery. Median survival time with and without surgical treatment was 635 and 76 days, respectively. Presence of another tumor at the time of thymoma diagnosis, lack of surgical excision, and higher pathological stage were significantly associated with shorter survival time. Hypercalcemia and presence of myasthenia gravis or megaesophagus at the time of thymoma diagnosis, histopathologic subtype of thymoma, or tumor development at a later date was not associated with survival time.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Dogs with thymoma, even those with a large tumor burden or a paraneoplastic syndrome, had a good prognosis following surgery. Surgical treatment, tumor stage, and the presence of a second tumor at diagnosis influenced survival time.
Quadriceps and Hamstrings Morphology Is Related to Walking Mechanics and Knee Cartilage MRI Relaxation Times in Young Adults
Authors: Kumar Deepak , Subburaj Karupppasamy , Lin Wilson , Karampinos Dimitrios C. , McCulloch Charles E. , Li Xiaojuan , Link Thomas M. , Souza Richard B. , Majumdar Sharmila 
Published: October 2013

Study Design Controlled laboratory study using a cross-sectional design. Objectives To analyze the relationship of quadriceps-hamstrings and medial-lateral quadriceps anatomical cross-sectional area (ACSA) ratios with knee loads during walking and articular and meniscal cartilage composition in young, healthy subjects. Background Muscle forces affect knee loading during walking, but it is not known if muscle morphology is associated with walking mechanics and cartilage composition in young subjects. Methods Forty-two knees from 27 young, healthy, active volunteers (age, 20–35 years; body mass index, <28 kg/m2) underwent 3-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 3-D motion capture. Standard MRI sequences were used for articular and meniscal cartilage T1rho and T2 relaxation times and for quadriceps and hamstrings muscle ACSA. Frontal plane kinetics during the stance phase of walking was calculated. Generalized estimating equation models were used to identify muscle variables that predicted MRI and gait parameters. Results Quadriceps-hamstrings and medial-lateral quadriceps ACSA ratios were positively related to frontal plane loading (β = .21–.54, P≤.006), global articular cartilage relaxation times (β = .22–.28, P≤.041), and the medial-lateral ratio of meniscus T1rho relaxation time (β = .26–.36, P≤.049). The medial-lateral quadriceps ACSA ratio was positively related to global meniscus T1rho relaxation times (β = .30, P = .046). Conclusion Higher quadriceps-hamstrings and medial-lateral quadriceps ACSA ratios were associated with higher frontal plane loading during walking and with articular and meniscal cartilage T1rho and T2 relaxation times. These findings highlight the relationships between different knee tissues and knee mechanics in young, healthy individuals. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2013;43(12):881–890. Epub 30 October 2013. doi:10.2519/jospt.2013.4486
Uncertainty in Clinical Prediction Rules: The Value of Credible Intervals
Authors: Haskins Robin , Osmotherly Peter G. , Tuyl Frank , Rivett Darren A. 
Published: October 2013

Synopsis Decision making in physical therapy is increasingly informed by evidence in the form of probabilities. Prior beliefs concerning diagnoses, prognoses, and treatment effects are quantitatively revised by the integration of new information derived from the history, physical examination, and other investigations in a well-recognized application of Bayes' theorem. Clinical prediction rule development studies commonly employ such methodology to produce quantified estimates of the likelihood of patients having certain diagnoses or achieving given outcomes. To date, the physical therapy literature has been limited to the discussion and calculation of the point estimate of such probabilities. The degree of precision associated with the construction of posterior probabilities, which requires consideration of both uncertainty associated with pretest probability and uncertainty associated with test accuracy, remains largely unrecognized and unreported. This paper provides an introduction to the calculation of the uncertainty interval, known as a credible interval, around posterior probability estimates. The method for calculating the credible interval is detailed and illustrated with example data from 2 clinical prediction rule development studies. Two relatively quick and simple methods for approximating the credible interval are also outlined. It is anticipated that knowledge of the credible interval will have practical implications for the incorporation of probabilistic evidence in clinical practice. Consistent with reporting standards for interventional and diagnostic studies, it is equally appropriate that studies reporting posterior probabilities calculate and report the level of precision associated with these point estimates. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014;44(2):85–91. Epub 30 October 2013. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.4877