bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Institution
Authors: Schaepelynck Valentin 
Published: December 2013

Résumé : Après avoir rappelé l’existence ancienne du terme “institution” en sociologie (Durkheim, Mauss), l’auteur note avec Boltanski le caractère étrange du concept, fondateur en sociologie, mais flou dans ses usages et sa polysémie, et au statut épistémique incertain. L’article reconstruit alors le concept à partir de la psychothérapie institutionnelle (Tosquelles, Oury) pour penser son écart d’avec la notion d’ “établissement”, et à partir de la pédagogie institutionnelle en introduisant une série de notions : norme, discipline, violence symbolique, conflit, qui permettent d’en décrire le champ et d’en caractériser les dynamiques. L’ “analyse institutionnelle” se définit alors comme une psychosociologie critique des institutions (Lapassade), visant à en mettre à jour le fonctionnement occulte, leurs enjeux de pouvoir, et susceptible d’intervenir dans le champ pratique pour œuvrer à leur remise en cause sociale et politique.
Kidney Transplant and the Digital Divide: Is Information and Communication Technology a Barrier or a Bridge to Transplant for African Americans?
Authors: Lockwood Mark B. , Saunders Milda R. , Lee Christopher S. , Becker Yolanda T. , Josephson Michelle A. , Chon W. James 
Published: December 2013

Context Barriers to kidney transplant for African Americans are well documented in the literature. Little information on ownership of information and communication technology and use of such technology in transplant populations has been published. Objective To characterize racial differences related to ownership and use of information and communication technology in kidney transplant patients. Design A single-center, cross-sectional survey study. Setting An urban Midwestern transplant center. Participants 78 pretransplant patients and 177 transplant recipients. Main Outcomes Measures The survey consisted of 6 demographic questions, 3 disease-related questions, and 9 technology-related questions. Dichotomous (yes/no) and Likert-scale items were the basis for the survey. Results Cell phone use was high and comparable between groups (94% in African Americans, 90% in whites, P = .22). A vast majority (75% of African Americans and 74% of whites) reported being “comfortable” sending and receiving text messages. Computer ownership (94.3% vs 79.3%) and Internet access (97.7% vs 80.7%) were greater among whites than African Americans (both P < .01). Fewer African Americans were frequent users of the Internet (27.1% vs 56.3%) and e-mail (61.6% vs 79.3%) than whites (both P < .01). More African Americans than whites preferred education in a classroom setting (77% vs 60%; P < .005) and educational DVDs (66% vs 46%; P < .002). Conclusion The use of cell phone technology and text messaging was ubiquitous and comparable between groups, but computer and Internet access and frequency of use were not. Reaching out to the African American community may best be accomplished by using cell phone/text messaging as opposed to Internet-based platforms.
Randomized Trial to Evaluate Nutritional Status and Absorption of Enteral Feeding after Brain Death
Authors: Hergenroeder Georgene W. , Ward Norman H. , Yu Xiaoying , Opekun Antone , Moore Anthony N. , Kozinetz Claudia A. , Powner David J. 
Published: December 2013

Context Catecholamines and inflammatory mediators, with elevated levels after brain death, are associated with reduced function and survival of transplanted organs. Enteral nutrition reduces tissue damage and may benefit organs. Objective To evaluate the effects of immunomodulating enteral nutrition in organ donors. Design Prospective, randomized, open-label study. Setting Intensive care unit. Patients Thirty-six brain-dead organ donors. Interventions Donors were randomized to receive enteral nutrition containing omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, antioxidants, and glutamine or standard care (fasting). Donors received hormonal replacement therapy of corticosteroid, levothyroxine, dextrose, and insulin. Main Outcome Measures Gastrointestinal assimilation (measured by 13carbon-labeled uracil breath analysis), quantity of organs recovered, resting energy expenditure, urine level of urea nitrogen, and serum levels of albumin, prealbumin, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and C-reactive protein were evaluated. Results Thirteen patients (36%) assimilated 13C-labeled uracil. Resting energy expenditure was significantly higher than predicted between 10 and 14 hours after baseline in 33 donors ( P = .007). Other measures were not conclusively different between fed and fasting groups. No adverse events occurred that were related to the enteral feeding. Conclusions About 30% of donors metabolized 13C-labeled uracil, although no difference in oxidation rate was found between fasting and fed donors. Corticosteroid administration lowers plasma levels of interleukin 6 and most likely contributes to greater than predicted resting energy expenditure. Thus energy needs may not be met during fasting if hormones are given. Consequences of this possible energy deficit warrant further study.
Sartre et la mort : « Le mur » et après
Authors: Louette Jean-François 
Published: December 2013

Le jeune Poulou n’aimait pas se relire, à en croire Les mots. Mais Poulou devenu grand, c’est-à-dire Sartre ? Sans même avoir à les relire, un grand écrivain peut dialoguer avec ses propres textes. Ne cesser de les repenser, de les réécrire. C’est le cas pour Sartre — notamment pour ce qui est de la nouvelle qu’il a intitulée « Le mur » (1937). Il s’agit d’en rappeler quelques enjeux, autour de trois motifs (les lieux funèbres, la farce jouée aux franquistes et le rire final), avant de faire entendre les échos que Sartre, explorant la pré-mort et l’après-mort,lui a donnés dans la suite de son oeuvre — c’est-à-dire dans les Carnets de la drôle de guerre, Le sursis, L’être et le néant, Les jeux sont faits, Huis clos, les Cahiers pour une morale, Les séquestrés d’Altona, la Critique de la raison dialectique enfin. La nouvelle de 1937, que Gide tenait pour un chef-d’oeuvre, apparaît alors comme un texte matriciel pour tout un pan de l’oeuvre de Sartre. Matriciel dans la mesure où elle réunit un problème philosophique (que fait la mort, ou son approche, à l’existence ?), un mystère de la condition humaine (peut-on entrevoir l’autre côté du mur ?), qui sollicite une veine fantastique chère à Sartre, et l’un des plus vieux fantasmes de l’auteur (qu’est-ce que vivre pour un homme qui ne s’est fait écrivain qu’en devenant dès son jeune âge — selon Les mots, encore — « tout à fait posthume » ?).
Identifying Enantiomers in Mixtures of Chiral Molecules with Broadband Microwave Spectroscopy
Authors: Shubert V. Alvin , Schmitz David , Patterson David , Doyle John M. , Schnell Melanie 
Published: December 2013

AbstractChirality‐sensitive broadband microwave spectroscopy was performed on mixtures of carvone enantiomers and conformers to distinguish enantiomers, measure enantiomeric excesses, and determine the absolute configurations of the enantiomers. This method uses microwave three‐wave mixing and is inherently well‐suited to the analysis of mixtures—a unique advantage over other techniques. In contrast to conventional microwave spectroscopy, the phase of the received signal is also exploited. This phase depends upon the signs of the molecules’ dipole‐moment components and is used to identify the excess enantiomer. The measured signal amplitude determines the size of the excess. The broadband capabilities of the spectrometer were used to simultaneously excite and measure two conformers of carvone, demonstrating the analysis of a sample with multiple chiral species. Employing quantum chemical calculations and the measured phases, the absolute configurations of the enantiomers are determined.
Linking of oligoesters hydrolysis to polyurethane coatings
Authors: Ramirez Mayela , Miller Kent R. , Soucek Mark D. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe hydrolytic stability of a series of oligoesters comprised of three and four different monomers was evaluated. The hydroxyl terminal oligoesters were prepared from adipic acid (AA) and isophthalic acid (IPA), with six different diols and one triol, which included: 1,4‐butanediol, 1,5‐pentanediol, 1,6‐hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, 2‐methyl‐1,3‐propanediol, trimethylolpropane, and 2‐butene‐1,4‐diol. The hydroxyl terminated oligoesters were reacted with phenyl isocyanate to form telechelic urethane groups. Hydrolysis rate constants were obtained from plots of acid number vs. time. It was observed that ternary oligoester systems had lower hydrolysis rates than quaternary systems. In addition to investigating the hydrolytic stability of the synthesized oligoesters, polyurethane coatings were produced by reacting the hydroxyl‐terminated oligoesters with an aliphatic polyisocyanate (1,6‐hexanediisocyanate trimer). Model oliogester hydrolysis was then correlated to the weatherability of a crosslinked polyurethane film. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40198.
Calcium alginate fibers containing metallic nanoadditives
Authors: Boguń Maciej , Szparaga Grzegorz , Król Paulina , Mikołajczyk Teresa , Rabiej Stanisław 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIn this manuscript two types of nanocomposite alginate fibers containing metallic nanoadditives: silver or Fe3O4 were obtained. The effect of the process parameters and the influence of the amount of nanoadditives in the fibers matrix on the mechanical properties, crystalline structure, porous structure, and sorption properties was investigated. The resulting fibers are characterized by the level of tenacity up to 23 cN/tex, the degree of crystallinity about 30%, and high sorption properties, which are strictly connected with hydrophilic nature of the polymer. On the basis of the images obtained by using an electron microscope linked to an X‐ray microanalysis it was found that the distribution of nanoadditives in the material of calcium alginate fibers is uniform. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40223.
Simultaneous determination of corosolic acid and euscaphic acid in the plasma of normal and diabetic rat after oral administration of extract of Potentilla discolor Bunge by high‐performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Li Jing‐jing , Li Yi , Bai Min , Tan Jing‐fu , Wang Qiang , Yang Jie 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTPotentilla discolor Bunge has been used for diabetes in China for a long time. Corosolic acid (CA) and euscaphic acid (EA), with significant anti‐diabetic activity, are two major triterpenoids in P. discolor. In this study, a specific, sensitive and convenient LC‐MS method has been developed for simultaneous determination of CA and EA in the plasma of normal and diabetic rats after oral administration of the extract of P. discolor. The chromatographic separation was achieved using an Alltima C18 column (53 × 7.0 mm, i.d., 3 µm) with a mobile phase composed of 0.1% formic acid water and 0.1% formic acid acetonitrile at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection was performed by MS with electrospray ionization interface in negative selected ion monitoring mode. All the validation data, such as specificity, linearity (r2 > 0.9991 within 0.025–10.0 µg/mL), lower limit of quantitation (2.5 ng/mL), precision (intra‐ and inter‐day <14.7%), accuracy (<15.0%), recovery (85.7–110.8%) and stability were determined and all of them were within the required limits. This method was successfully applied for the evaluation of the pharmacokinetic behaviors of these two compounds in the plasma of normal and diabetic rats. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cellular Internalisation of an Inositol Phosphate Visualised by Using Fluorescent InsP5
Authors: Riley Andrew M. , Windhorst Sabine , Lin Hong‐Yin , Potter Barry V. L. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractWhen applied extracellularly, myo‐inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP6) and myo‐inositol pentakisphosphate (InsP5) can inhibit the growth and proliferation of tumour cells. There is debate about whether these effects result from interactions of InsP6 and InsP5 with intracellular or extracellular targets. We synthesised FAM‐InsP5, a fluorescent conjugate of InsP5 that allows direct visualisation of its interaction with cells. FAM‐InsP5 was internalised by H1229 tumour cells, a finding that supports earlier reports that externally applied inositol phosphates can—perhaps surprisingly—enter into cells. Close examination of the process of FAM‐InsP5 uptake suggests a mechanism of non‐receptor‐mediated endocytosis, which is blocked at 4 °C and probably involves interaction of the ligand with the glycocalyx. However, our results are difficult to reconcile with antiproliferative mechanisms that require direct interactions of externally applied InsP5 or InsP6 with cytosolic proteins, because internalised FAM‐InsP5 appears in lysosomes and apparently does not enter the cytoplasm. Studies using FAM‐InsP5 are less difficult and time‐consuming than experiments using InsP5 or InsP6, a factor that allowed us to analyse cellular uptake across a range of human cell types, identifying strong cell‐specific differences.
Wie Vögel nach Hause finden
Authors: Schweiß Vanessa 
Published: December 2013

AbstractUm sich zu orientieren, machen sich Vögel das Magnetfeld der Erde zu Nutze. Als mögliches Rezeptormolekül dieses Magnetsinns gilt Cryptochrom. Nun gelang es Wissenschaftlern erstmals, die Aktivierung von Cryptochrom in vivo im natürlichen Umfeld des Moleküls zu untersuchen.
Nichtklassisches Carbokation bewiesen
Authors: Feil Sylvia 
Published: December 2013

AbstractEin Streitfall in der Chemie wurde aufgeklärt: Es gibt nichtklassische Carbokationen mit einem fünffach koordinierten Kohlenstoffatom. Die Existenz dieser Carbonium‐Ionen wurde seit Langem vermutet und zugleich heftig angezweifelt. Eine Röntgenstruktur‐Analyse bestätigt nun ihr Vorkommen.
Ringschluss durch Aminierung von C‐H‐Bindungen
Authors: Jaenicke Lothar 
Published: December 2013

AbstractN‐Heterocyclen, wie Pyrrolidine, Acetidine oder Piperazine, sind häufig kritische und charakteristische Bestandteile von Natur‐ und Wirkstoffen. Ihre Synthese ist daher nicht nur eine herausfordernde, sondern eine sehr praktische Aufgabe.
Top‐Hat and Asymmetric Gaussian‐Based Fitting Functions for Quantifying Directional Single‐Molecule Motion
Authors: Rowland David J. , Biteen Julie S. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractSingle‐molecule fluorescence permits super‐resolution imaging, but traditional algorithms for localizing these isolated fluorescent emitters assume stationary point light sources. Proposed here are two fitting functions that achieve similar nanometer‐scale localization precision as the traditional symmetric Gaussian function, while allowing, and explicitly accounting for, directed motion. The precision of these methods is investigated through Fisher information analysis, simulation and experiments, and the new fitting functions are then used to measure, for the first time, the instantaneous velocity and direction of motion of live bacteria cells. These new methods increase the information content of single‐molecule images of fast‐moving molecules without sacrificing localization precision, thus permitting slower imaging speeds, and our new fitting functions promise to improve tracking algorithms by calculating velocity and direction during each image acquisition.
Analysis and design of voltage‐controlled current sources for a grounded load
Authors: Pandiev Ivailo M. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryThe paper presents the structure and the principle of operation of the ‘improved’ Howland current pumps (or voltage‐controlled current sources (VCCSs) for a grounded load). In particular, under review is the VCCS employing power operational amplifier (op amp) and the VCCS using low power op amp and an additional power transistor, extending working dynamic range. On the basis of analysis of the operational principle, the equations for transfer functions of both circuits and formulas for the related dynamic electrical parameters are obtained. Moreover, using these formulas, a design procedure is developed, and recommendations for simulation modelling are given. The efficiency of the proposed procedure is verified by simulation modelling and experimental testing of sample electronic circuits of VCCSs. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effects of fire on ant trophic assemblage and sex allocation
Authors: Caut Stephane , Jowers Michael J. , Arnan Xavier , Pearce‐Duvet Jessica , Rodrigo Anselm , Cerda Xim , Boulay Raphaël R. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractFire plays a key role in ecosystem dynamics worldwide, altering energy flows and species community structure and composition. However, the functional mechanisms underlying these effects are not well understood. Many ground‐dwelling animal species can shelter themselves from exposure to heat and therefore rarely suffer direct mortality. However, fire‐induced alterations to the environment may change a species' relative trophic level within a food web and its mode of foraging. We assessed how fire could affect ant resource utilization at different scales in a Mediterranean forest. First, we conducted isotopic analyses on entire ant species assemblages and their potential food resources, which included plants and other arthropods, in burned and unburned plots 1 year postfire. Second, we measured the production of males and females by nests of a fire‐resilient species,Aphaenogaster gibbosa,and analyzed the differences in isotopic values among workers, males, and females to test whether fire constrained resource allocation. We found that, in spite of major modifications in biotic and abiotic conditions, fire had little impact on the relative trophic position of ant species. The studied assemblage was composed of species with a wide array of diets. They ranged from being mostly herbivorous to completely omnivorous, and a given species' trophic level was the same in burned and unburned plots. InA. gibbosanests, sexuals had greater δ15N values than workers in both burned and unburned plots, which suggests that the former had a more protein‐rich diet than the latter. Fire also appeared to have a major effect onA. gibbosasex allocation: The proportion of nests that produced male brood was greater on burned zones, as was the mean number of males produced per nest with the same reproductive investment.Our results show that generalist ants with relatively broad diets maintained a constant trophic position, even following a major disturbance like fire. However, the dramatically reduced production of females on burned zones compared to unburned zones 1 year postfire may result in considerably reduced recruitment of new colonies in the mid to long term, which could yield genetic bottlenecks and founder effects. Our study paves the way for future functional analyses of fire‐induced modifications in ant populations and communities.
High Accuracy of Call Triage Decision by Bayesian Network
Authors: Yunoki Shota , Hamagami Tomoki , Oshige Kenji , Kawakami Chihiro , Suzuki Noriyuki 
Published: December 2013

SUMMARYA new call triage system, a key part of an emergency support system with a stochastic network model, is examined. Call triage is an operation that allows efficient choice of service grade and dispatching of a suitable rescue team service based on information obtained from a phone call. Call triage is now being tested in a few cities and is showing some benefit. However, there is the issue that if under‐triage, in which the condition of the patient is underestimated, is eliminated, then the efficiency is degraded in the form of over‐triage. In this report, in order to overcome the issue, a Bayesian network scheme is evaluated for a call triage system. The results of experiments with a real call triage data set show that the Bayesian network improves accuracy. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 97(1): 62–69, 2014; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11439
Heteroleptic Germanium(II) and Tin(II) Chlorides Supported by Anionic Ligands Derived from 2,3‐Dimethyl‐1,4‐diaza‐1,3‐butadiene
Authors: Chia Siew‐Peng , Li Yongxin , Ganguly Rakesh , So Cheuk‐Wai 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe syntheses and structures of heteroleptic germanium(II) and tin(II) chlorides supported by anionic ligands derived from 2,3‐dimethyl‐1,4‐diaza‐1,3‐butadiene are described. The reaction of ArN=C(Me)C(Me)=NAr (L, Ar = 2,6‐iPr2C6H3) with MeLi in Et2O, followed by treatment with GeCl2·dioxane or SnCl2, afforded [L1ECl] [L1 = ArN=C(Me)C(Me)2NAr; E = Ge (1), Sn (2)]. Moreover, L2Li [L2 = ArN=C(Me)C(=CH2)NAr] reacted with GeCl2·dioxane in Et2O to form [{C(=CH)NAr}{C(Me)=NAr}]2(GeCl)2 (3). The byproducts are [{C(CH2)NAr}{C(Me)=NAr}Ge]2 (4) and L2H (5). Furthermore, the reaction of L with LiNiPr2 in Et2O, followed by treatment with SnCl2, afforded [L2SnCl] (6). Compounds 1–4 and 6 have been characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallography.
Comparison of Different PLS Algorithms for Simultaneous Determination of Cd(II), Cu(II), Pb(II), and Zn(II) by Anodic Stripping Voltammetry at Bismuth Film Electrode
Authors: Pinto Licarion , Lemos Sherlan G. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIn this work we evaluated the use of different variable selection techniques combined with partial least‐squares regression (PLS) – genetic algorithm PLS (GA‐PLS), interval PLS (iPLS), and synergy interval PLS (siPLS) – in the simultaneous determination of Cd(II), Cu(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) by anodic stripping voltammetry at a bismuth film. Generally, variable selection provided an improvement in prediction results when compared to full‐voltammogram PLS. The use of interval selection based algorithms have shown to be most adequate than the selection of discrete variables by GA. Excellent analytical performances were obtained despite the inherent complexity of the simultaneous determination.
Seismic performance evaluation of high‐voltage disconnect switches using real‐time hybrid simulation: II. Parametric study
Authors: Günay Selim , Mosalam Khalid M. 
Published: December 2013

SUMMARYThis paper presents the results of a parametric study that consists of real‐time hybrid simulation tests of electrical insulator posts on a smart shaking table. A companion paper presents the details of the development and validation of the real‐time hybrid simulation system used for conducting the tests of this parametric study. The purpose of the parametric study presented in this paper is to evaluate the effect of support structure damping and stiffness on the response of disconnect switches with two different insulator materials, namely porcelain and polymer insulator posts. Various global and local response parameters including accelerations, forces, displacements, and strains are considered in this evaluation. The data obtained from the conducted tests show that the maximum insulator response corresponds to the case where the support structure frequency is close to the insulator frequency. An incorporated evaluation of all the response parameters indicates that the stiff support structures constitute the most suitable configuration for both material types of the tested insulator posts. It is also observed that support structure damping has an effect on the response of both insulator types. However, this effect is secondary compared with the effect of support structure stiffness. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.