bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Home and Clinical Assessments of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living: What Could Explain the Difference between Settings in Frail Older Adults, If Any?
Authors: Provencher Véronique , Demers Louise , Gélinas Isabelle 
Published: April 2015

Background: Older patients are usually assessed by occupational therapists in hospital before going home. However, for many frail older adults, this assessment in an unfamiliar environment might not be as representative of their functional abilities as an assessment at home. The aim of this literature review was to determine if differences exist between home and clinical instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) assessments of frail older adults and identify factors that might explain those differences, if any. Method: The sources of the review data were Medline, CINAHL, AMED, PsycINFO, Embase and Current Content from 1988 to 2008. As few relevant studies concerning frail people were found, the search was extended to mixed-age and older adult populations. Ten articles were retained. Main findings: The results suggest differences in IADL assessment between settings for older adults without dementia. Some factors, such as familiarity with the environment and coping skills, might explain those differences. Based on this review, similar results might be expected with frail older people. Implications for practice: Given the dearth of literature on this topic, further research is needed to compare home and clinical assessments and measure relevant factors in a frail population. Helping occupational therapists to identify frail patients, who may show different abilities in unfamiliar settings, could mean more appropriate services after discharge from hospital.
Living with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Children's Experiences of Participating in Home Exercise Programmes
Authors: De Monte Rachel , Rodger Sylvia , Jones Fiona , Broderick Sarah 
Published: April 2015

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is used to describe the different subgroups of arthritis in children. JIA is the most common chronic rheumatic condition in children. The long-term consequences are not limited to physical disabilities but also have an impact on the child's social, emotional and cognitive development. Home exercise programmes are a major part of the complex treatment regimen for JIA. Research to date is limited in providing insights into children's perspectives about JIA. This paper describes a qualitative study undertaken to identify children's perceptions about their participation in home exercise programmes. Using semi-structured interviews, the perspectives of 13 children (aged 8–16 years) about their experiences of living with JIA and specifically about participating in therapist-prescribed exercise programmes were investigated. Two major themes highlighted the pervasive impact of JIA on the children's lives. First, the children described living with JIA and associated feelings of ‘being different’. Secondly, they discussed their understanding of home exercise programmes and the barriers and facilitators to participation. Key barriers were having better things to do, time required, laziness, boredom, forgetfulness and pain. Facilitators included the incorporation of exercises into everyday routines, making them fun and having rewards. Clinical implications and avenues for future research are also outlined.
Pain, Ageing and Dementia: The Crisis is Looming, but are We Ready?
Authors: Brown Cary 
Published: April 2015

Pain in older people, and particularly for those people with dementia, is an underrecognised and undertreated problem of growing magnitude. Occupational therapists, although well positioned with a range of skills and resources to help older people with pain and their caregivers, must first become educated about the issues of pain assessment and management for this unique population. Despite the fact that pain is a pervasive symptom of many occupational therapy clients, the occupational therapy educational curricula and professional literature fail to alert therapists to the urgent need for research and guideline development in this rapidly expanding practice area.
Perception of Community Functioning in Young Adults with Recent-Onset Psychosis: Implications for Practice
Authors: Roy Laurence , Rousseau Jacqueline , Fortier Pierre , Mottard Jean-Pierre 
Published: April 2015

Introduction: Early and intensive rehabilitation for individuals living with first-episode psychosis (FEP) is a key issue for occupational therapists working in mental health settings. Purpose: The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore the perception of outpatients in a youth psychosis clinic in Montreal regarding their community functioning. Method: Nineteen young adults with FEP were interviewed, using a set of questions developed on the basis of a person-environment relationship theoretical model. The steps of data analysis included the transcription and coding of data, data reduction, the aggregation of themes and visual representation. Findings: The participants experienced more handicap-creating situations than competence situations. The themes included a diminished quality of relationship with parents, social isolation and difficulties in work and academic performance, as well as poor access to education. The perception of the participants on each of these themes is elaborated. Practice implications: Specific intervention targets for young adults with FEP should include issues such as the management of energy level, communication and social skills training, residential stability, academic and work rehabilitation and attention to physical features of the home, school and work environments.
Advisers to Disabled—Job Analysis
Authors: Milne J. , Matthews P. 
Published: April 2015

The role of the O. T. in Social Service Departments is not always fully understood. In Cambridgeshire all the O. Ts. decided to change our title to “Advisers to the Disabled” as we felt this term more appropriate to the depth and diversity of our role. Having requested a change oftitle we discovered that the confusion as to our role lay not only in the minds ofthe clients but also in the minds of our managers. In order to define our role and to assist in salary negotiations the following job analysis was drawn up.
Help in the Home
Authors: MacKenzie Loreen , Aitken Cairns 
Published: April 2015

In spite of the economic situation, current government policy is to increase both the quality and quantity of assistance available for the disabled person. However, there is evidence1 of confusion in the knowledge, development, prescription and use of such services. The aim of this project was to ascertain facts on the needs and knowledge of people with mobility problems — regarding aids, appliances, equipment, allowances and services available for the disabled person. This account reports the information obtained relating to help in the home.
Occupational Therapy — The Opportunity to Develop: An Exploration of Occupational Therapy as it Emerges in the Ugandan Context
Authors: Wilson Jennifer R 
Published: April 2015

This paper was given as a keynote address to the 11th International Congress of the World Federation of Occupational Therapists, 17–22 April 1994, London; it was illustrated with slides. Through discussion of personal experiences of practising occupational therapy in a variety of situations in Uganda, the author stresses the importance of allowing the profession to develop naturally from within its cultural context and concludes with some observations about the nature of occupational therapy as it emerges in Uganda. The purposes of this paper are to outline the development of occupational therapy as a rehabilitation profession within the context of the total rehabilitation of a nation; to explore the concept of occupational therapy as it emerges in the unique culture and environment of Uganda; and to identify aspects of occupational therapy in Uganda that can enhance the understanding and practice of occupational therapy worldwide.
The Effects of a Short-Term, Low-Intensity Exercise Programme on the Psychological Wellbeing of Community-Dwelling Elderly Women
Authors: Moore Chris , Bracegirdle Hazel 
Published: April 2015

This study examined the effects of 6-week exercise programme, run by an occupational therapy student, on the psychological wellbeing and happiness of a group of 15 elderly community-dwelling women. The Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness was used to measure the subjects' wellbeing both before and after the intervention and was also administered to a control group of 20 women. The results indicated that the exercising women experienced a significant improvement in happiness and wellbeing while the controls did not. This finding appears to support the hypothesis that there is an association between physical exercise and mental health. Potential threats to the validity of the results are discussed.
Predicting Post-Discharge Outcome
Authors: Frankum J L , Bray J , Ell M S , Philp I 
Published: April 2015

The ability of members of the multidisciplinary team and of elderly patients themselves to predict how patients will cope at home influences the successful outcome of discharge from hospital. Following the introduction of structured assessment of the physical, psychological and social function of patients on an acute elderly care unit, a study was undertaken to compare the predictive ability of the primary nurse, the patient and the occupational therapist. Overall, results suggested a high level of accuracy of predictions. There was a trend for the occupational therapist to predict more accurately (83.6%) than the patient (80.7%) or the primary nurse (72.5%). Where the predictions were incorrect, the patients erred on the side of optimism (78% optimistic) whereas the nurses were more pessimistic (69% pessimistic). Further studies to look at the reliability of outcome predictions by health professionals and the patients themselves would be useful in the overall management of the discharge of elderly people from hospital.
The Development of a Standardised Assessment of Hand Function
Authors: O'Neill Geraldine 
Published: April 2015

A new assessment of hand function, the O'Neill Hand Function Assessment, has recently been developed on an Irish adult population. The assessment is based on a commonly used grip classification of the hand and it also contains a non-prehensive section. There are eight tasks In the final version of the assessment. The instructions allow for a description of both the manner of performance (criterion-referenced section) and the speed of performance (norm-referenced section) of the tasks in the assessment. Reliability studies have been performed on the tasks in the assessment, with high inter-rater reliability (0.96–0.99) and moderate test re-test reliability (0.54–0.79). There is also a description of the validity of the assessment and the total score in the assessment appears to correlate highly with the Nine Hole Peg Test (0.98). The normative data for the speed section are based on 140 non-disabled adults. The assessment has also been applied to 38 orthopaedic and rheumatology patients. The O'Neill Hand Function Assessment appears to fulfil the basic criteria for a standardised assessment.
Responses of the Occupational Therapy Profession to the Perspective of the Disability Movement, Part 2
Authors: Craddock Judith 
Published: April 2015

In part 1 of this article, the origins and development of the disability movement were described. The movement's perspective of a social model of disability and its critique of the adoption of a medical model of practice by the rehabilitation professions were discussed. The evolving professional philosophy of the occupational therapy profession was explored. In part 2, the explicit responses of the occupational therapy profession in the UK and in the USA to the concerns of the disability movement are described. The implications for the philosophy and practice of occupational therapy of the adoption of a social model of disability in appropriate interventions are discussed. The conclusion is reached that the occupational therapy profession has yet to debate fully the validity of the social model of disability for appropriate areas of professional practice. The author foresees two major effects of its adoption: a clarification of the philosophical base underpinning such practice and a changed professional role.
General Practitioners' Knowledge and Use of a Disabled Living Centre
Authors: Phillips Anna V 
Published: April 2015

In March 1994, 141 Aberdeen general practitioners (GPs) were surveyed to clarify why Hillylands Disabled Living Centre (DLC) appeared to receive few direct referrals from this professional group. This was carried out in two stages. The first consisted of a postal questionnaire which received a 77% response rate. This identified that 90% of the 108 respondents knew of Hillylands' existence but only 24% were fully aware of the services it offered. Forty-six per cent had advised someone to visit Hillylands DLC, although only 17% of GPs had visited the centre themselves. The second stage, a telephone interview of 46 volunteer GPs, indicated that some GPs recognised a need to increase their awareness. Some felt that it was not appropriate that they visit Hillylands DLC, although those who had done so had found their visit useful. Recommendations are made to extend the mailing list at Hillylands and to set up a monitoring system to ensure regular liaison and supply of publicity material. It is also suggested that the feasibility of developing a comprehensive publicity initiative be investigated.
All Change? The Role and Tasks of Community Occupational Therapists in Scotland
Authors: Stalker Kirsten , Jones Chris , Ritchie Pete 
Published: April 2015

In November 1994, the Scottish Office commissioned a short study of occupational therapy in Scotland. It aimed to examine the structure, scale and outputs of the service and the role of occupational therapy in the context of community care. A variety of methods was employed. The total number of posts for occupational therapists has increased recently but a critical shortage of support posts remains. Staff recruitment and retention are not problematic, In contrast to the situation south of the border. Occupational therapists still spend most of their time on equipment and adaptations. Authorities have been developing a range of strategies for tackling this problem, but more are needed. The Involvement of occupational therapists in care management is at an early stage. Practitioners are working with a more diverse range of clients than before, and some have greater opportunities to utilise their wider skills. Most have compjex extended networks for collaboration, although links with home care and health colleagues are often underdeveloped. Hospital discharge is a problematic area. The findings Indicate the need for occupational therapists to become better Integrated within community care teams, for more authorities to consider developing a unitary workforce straddling social services and health agencies, and for the deployment of occupational therapists to a wider and more Imaginative range of settings.
A Study of the Relationship between the Patterns of Planned Activity and Incidents of Deliberate Self-Harm within a Regional Secure Unit
Authors: Garner Ruth , Butler Graham , Hutchings Deborah 
Published: April 2015

Within a 77-bed Regional Secure Unit, there has been an increase in the number of patients admitted who deliberately do themselves harm, although this Is generally not the primary reason for admission. During this 9-month study, 307 incidents of self-harm were recorded on the clinic's information system; a subgroup of seven patients was responsible for 77.5% of these incidents. Whilst there is a perception among rehabilitation staff that activity has a role in reducing the incidence of deliberate self-harm, this study Identifies no correlation between the patterns of structured activity and the patterns of deliberate self-harm. This does not suggest, however, that occupational therapy is ineffective with this client group, particularly given the potentially addictive nature of deliberate self-harm behaviour even after problem resolution. The study identifies areas for further research, focusing on qualitative rather than quantitative study.
Adapting for Community Care, Part 2
Authors: Adams Jo 
Published: April 2015

This article examines the provision and funding of home adaptations for people with physical disabilities. Part 1 concluded that people with disabilities receive an adaptation service that Is skewed according to housing tenure and local policy implementation. Part 2 examines the response of one county's social services department and its senior grade occupational therapists in the assessment and allocation of a home adaptation service across housing tenure and across the county. It investigates, first, the role of community occupational therapists in assessing home adaptations across that county and, secondly, the shortcomings in the Disabled Facilities Grant system as documented by service users. Recommendations are made for Improving the adaptation service across housing tenure for people with disabilities.
Information Systems: Can They Determine How Occupational Therapists Spend Their Time in the Care of People with Dementia and Their Carers?
Authors: Evans Eileen 
Published: April 2015

This study examined the recording of workload by community occupational therapists in the West Dorset area. Over an 11-week period, time-related data were collected in order to establish the work undertaken by three occupational therapists who offered support to people with Alzheimer's disease and related disorders, including their carers. Recordings were made of ail contacts with patients, carers and professional carers, together with the reasons that they were seen. Evidence emerged which highlighted that the majority of contacts were with carers and professional carers, thus denuding both the Department of Health and local management of credible statistical data for community occupational therapy work. The findings support the recommendation that reliable information systems and data collection are essential. Without credible information, managers are unable to determine what services are necessary in order to help maintain patients and their carers in the community.
A Perceptuo-Motor Approach to Handwriting
Authors: Addy Lois M 
Published: April 2015

The process of handwriting involves the complicated coordination of motor, perceptual and cognitive skills, which do not develop spontaneously but require considerable explanation, experimentation, demonstration and practice. This is an area in which pupil support services and occupational therapists are increasingly being asked for advice. This article describes the evaluation of a unique programme of motor and perceptual exercises, which aims to develop the control and presentation of the written word. The ‘Teodorescu’ programme has been found to be beneficial in improving the handwriting of many children, including those with mild learning difficulties and those with perceptuo-motor weaknesses.
Cross-Cultural Validation of the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS)
Authors: Goldman Susan L , Fisher Anne G 
Published: April 2015

The purpose of this study was to verify the assertion that underlying motor and process skill items and tasks defined in the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS) are cross-culturally free from bias between North America, Scandinavia and the United Kingdom. Using many-faceted Rasch analysis, the hierarchical order of AMPS motor and process skill items and culture-general tasks were compared in order to test the assertion of bias-free assessment across regions. The unidimensionality of the AMPS motor and process skills and tasks through evaluation of their goodness-of-fit to the Rasch model was also investigated. The results revealed that the hierarchical order of all the AMPS motor and process skill items and culture-general tasks remained stable among the three regions examined, verifying cross-cultural freedom from bias of the skill items and tasks between these regions. All items in North America met the criteria for goodness-of-fit on both the motor and the process scales of the AMPS, while only 4% of the items failed to meet these expectations in Scandinavia and the United Kingdom. It was concluded that the AMPS motor and process scales and tasks are unidimensional, demonstrating internal scale validity.
A Review of the Initial Outcomes of a Return-to-Work Programme for Police Officers following Injury or Illness
Authors: Pratt Joanne , McFadyen Angus , Hall Gillian , Campbell Margaret , McLay David 
Published: April 2015

Industrial injury and, conversely, chronic illness have well-described consequences on work performance, including the individual's ability to maintain paid employment and the necessity for medical retirement and/or benefits payments. Return to work following prolonged illness has long been valued as a goal and an outcome measure of varied models of rehabilitation, including back schools, work hardening, work conditioning and pain management programmes. Age, gender, length of sickness time, psychological factors, and type and duration of rehabilitation programme, among others, have all been presented as predictors of outcome and continue to be debated in the literature. This article describes the initial outcomes of a return-to-work programme established specifically to address the development of chronicity following injury or illness in police officers. Early findings, that is, return-to-work rate, increases in lifting capacity and grip strength, appear positive. No correlation was found between length of time since diagnosis, age or number of sessions attended. The limitations of these findings are also discussed.
Using the Delphi Technique in Planning a Research Project on the Occupational Therapist's Role in Enabling People to Make Vocational Choices following Illness or Injury
Authors: Stokes Fran 
Published: April 2015

While planning a research project intended to examine the role of the occupational therapist in enabling people to make vocational choices following illness or injury, it was decided to use the Delphi technique in order to ascertain the views of stakeholders in this field. Panellists were asked about the types of problem encountered when people are considering their future occupation after a long period of sick leave, and to identify the services that might be expected to assist with such problems. Although the response from selected panellists was initially poor, those who responded to the first round generally continued to respond to further rounds until a consensus was formed of stakeholder opinions. The survey showed that financial problems, loss of confidence, coping with the effects of permanent disability, employers' attitudes and the need for training or retraining were considered to be the main problems facing people in this situation. Despite the low response, the Delphi technique proved itself to be a flexible and valuable tool for gathering data when planning services. This article aims to describe and evaluate the Delphi method, and to summarise the information gathered through its use on this occasion.