bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Festival spaces as third places
Authors: Jon Hawkins Clayton , J. Ryan Lee-Anne 
Published: September 2013

Purpose
– Given the rise in popularity of festivals globally, the purpose of this paper is to examine two case studies to identify whether festival spaces could be identified as third places. This paper argues that third places are not vanishing but that new and emerging third places can be identified through applying the essence of third place theory.

Design/methodology/approach
– The primary case study for this paper is The Falls Music and Arts Festival in Marion Bay, Tasmania, Australia that was the focus of a two year study into the interrelationships between informal leisure, social capital and place characteristics. 30 semi-structured interviews, participant observation and 937 surveys were conducted. To support this paper, findings from a smaller third place case study of six semi-structured interviews and participant observation at the “Festival of Lights” held in Pukekura Park in the New Plymouth, New Zealand are reflected upon.

Findings
– Third place characteristics were elucidated in the Falls study. Essential characteristics of third places such as access to conversation, the evidence of “regulars”, the chance meeting of a “friend of a friend” and a playful mood were identified. The location was an important meeting place for users to create, maintain and strengthen relationships. Repeat visits to this place was found to be integral to social networking and a feeling of “home”. Insights from the Festival of Lights study support these findings.

Research limitations/implications
– Identifying festival spaces as third spaces contests traditional third place theory. It offers scope for festival organisers to explore more deeply the intangible aspects of the experiences they afford. More case study research needs to be conducted to explore this potential further as this is only a start at linking festivals to the essence of third place theory.

Originality/value
– This paper pushes third place theory forward. It responds to calls for exploration of new and emerging third places in contemporary society. This research adds a new take on this exploration by affording an Australasian perspective.
Governance, type of blockholder, and negotiating power in takeovers
Authors: Harris Oneil , Madura Jeff , Glegg Charmaine 
Published: September 2013

Purpose
– Agency theory suggests that if managers are not monitored, takeover negotiations may be contaminated by agency conflicts, which may weaken a firm's bargaining position. This paper argues that some blockholders are more effective monitors than others, and tests whether the negotiating power of a target or bidder is influenced by their respective blockholder composition. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper classifies target and bidder outside blockholders as either aggressive monitors or moderate monitors, and tests whether the degrees of monitoring effectiveness influence a firm's share of the total wealth created by the takeover (a proxy for bargaining power).

Findings
– This paper finds that firms that have the types of outside blockholders with a greater tendency to monitor managers elicit higher takeover gains. This suggests that negotiating power in takeovers is conditioned on the types of blockholders that monitor the target and bidder. The results support the premise that better monitoring leads to higher gains for shareholders in a takeover. In particular, the findings suggest that the greater the tendency of outside blockholders to monitor managers, the lower the level of takeover-related agency conflicts and the stronger a firm's relative bargaining power.

Originality/value
– These findings imply that agency conflicts on either side of a takeover bid may be reduced by better monitoring, but especially among bidders.
Competitive strategy and industry contagion following traditional Chapter 11 bankruptcy announcements
Authors: Hunsader Kenneth , Delcoure Natalya , Pennywell Gwendolyn 
Published: September 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of bankruptcy announcements on the bankrupt firm's competitors' stock returns.

Design/methodology/approach
– Starting with a sample of Chapter 11 bankruptcies from 1980 through 2008, the authors use event study methodology to examine the returns of bankrupt firm's rivals around the filing date. The authors employ a t-test of means across groups to check for differences in returns based on a competitive strategy measure (CSM). The CSM classifies industry rivals into strategic complements or substitutes. The authors also separate the sample based on traditional or non-traditional bankruptcies and conduct explanatory regressions on the abnormal returns using economically important independent variables such as the CSM, leverage and the Herfindahl index.

Findings
– Similar to previous research, the paper finds that less concentrated industries and industries with high leverage suffer greater negative wealth effects when a firm within the industry announces a bankruptcy. Extending current research, the paper finds strategic interaction within the industry is an important factor in determining industry portfolio returns. Rivals characterized as strategic complements exhibit significant negative valuation effects while rivals characterized as strategic substitutes do not. Finally, the paper finds that this strategic effect is dominant when the future cash flows and outcome of the reorganization is more uncertain as substantiated by the difference between traditional and non-traditional bankruptcy filings.

Originality/value
– This is believed to be the first empirical article to examine how the CSM affects the returns of bankrupt firms' rivals.
The importance of step-down programmes: the Imago group
Authors: D. Williams Anna , Bickford-Smith Elizabeth , King Claire , Tagg Alex 
Published: September 2013

Purpose
– The Imago group was developed in 2010 as a step-down group for members of the Winterbourne Therapeutic Community (TC) who had completed their treatment. This paper aims to review the usefulness of the group by reflecting on service user and staff feedback.

Design/methodology/approach
– An opportunity sample of all current and ex-members of the Imago group (n=17) were approached and a mixed methods design was used to gain a wide collection of data. A self-report questionnaire was designed to access the opinions of members and staff about the Imago group. In total, 71 per cent of Imago members and 90 per cent of staff responded.

Findings
– Results show that “staff being familiar”, “reconnecting with fellow ex-TC members” and alternating days were the top three most helpful aspects of the group, whereas “having at least 4 weeks away from the TC before attending the Imago Group”, “style of session” and “venue” were found to be the least helpful aspects.

Research limitations/implications
– Limitations of the study centre round data collection. There were comprehension problems with the instructions for completing the quantitative scale and a small sample size meant that interpretations were tentative.

Originality/value
– The Imago group is deemed a valuable part of the service for many of the service users (and staff), helping to aid recovery and re-integration into life after therapy. Elements of the group which were rated as least helpful require more thinking about.
Macro drivers of Australian housing affordability, 1985-2010
Authors: Worthington Andrew , Higgs Helen 
Published: September 2013

Purpose
– Model the drivers of Australian housing affordability and forecast equilibrium affordability. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– Uses autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach to model housing affordability measured by the Housing Industry Association's Housing Affordability Index (HAI) and the housing price-earnings multiplier (HPE). Six sets of explanatory variables, including housing finance, housing construction activity and costs, economic growth, population, alternative investments and taxation.

Findings
– Primary long-run drivers are housing finance, dwelling approvals and financial assets. Economic and population growth only have a short-run influence, while housing taxation has limited impact in long run. Forecasts indicate long-run HAI equilibrium values of 109 (above the historical minimum of 107) and a HPE of seven (below the recent historical maximum of 8.2).

Research limitations/implications
– Reduced form model encompassing both demand and supply factors involves complicated interpretation given direct and indirect effects on affordability. Analysis at national level ignores regional impacts that may also affect housing affordability.

Practical implications
– The impact of the low rate of new dwelling approvals (public and private sector in the long run and public sector in the short run) points to a persistent structural gap between the demand and supply of housing. Strong economic and population growth often blamed for the worsening of housing affordability, at least in the 2000s, has no impact at the aggregate national level.

Originality/value
– Only known paper to provide quantitative estimates of macro drivers of Australian housing affordability over a long period using alternative measures of relative housing affordability.
Allocation to industry portfolios under Markov switching returns
Authors: Kebabci Tudor Deniz 
Published: September 2013

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of parameter uncertainty in the returns process with regime shifts on optimal portfolio choice over the long run for a static buy-and-hold investor who is investing in industry portfolios.Design/methodology/approach– This paper uses a Markov switching model to model returns on industry portfolios and propose a Gibbs sampling approach to take into account parameter uncertainty. This paper compares the results with a linear benchmark model and estimates without taking into account parameter uncertainty. This paper also checks the predictive power of additional predictive variables.Findings– Incorporating parameter uncertainty and taking into account the possible regime shifts in the returns process, this paper finds that such investors can allocate less in the long run to stocks. This holds true for both the NASDAQ portfolio and the individual high tech and manufacturing industry portfolios. Along with regime switching returns, this paper examines dividend yields and Treasury bill rates as potential predictor variables, and conclude that their predictive effect is minimal: the allocation to stocks in the long run is still generally smaller.Originality/value– Studying the effect of regime switching behavior in returns on the optimal portfolio choice with parameter uncertainty is our main contribution.
On Marxism, Pragmatism and Critical Urban Studies
Authors: Bridge Gary 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis article explores the possibilities of philosophical pragmatism for critical theory in urban studies. It points to the philosophical connections between pragmatism and the mainstay of critical theory in urban studies — Marxism. The article suggests how these philosophical roots as well as contemporary developments of pragmatism in social science (and in critical theory) open out the terrain of critical urban studies to make it more pluralist and democratic, theoretically and politically. The article concludes by looking at some of the consequences of this pragmatic turn for critical urban theory.
Solute Removal Capacity of High Cut‐Off Membrane Plasma Separators
Authors: Ohkubo Atsushi , Kurashima Naoki , Nakamura Ayako , Miyamoto Satoko , Iimori Soichiro , Rai Tatemitsu 
Published: September 2013

AbstractIn vitro blood filtration was performed by a closed circuit using high cut‐off membrane plasma separators, EVACURE EC‐2A10 (EC‐2A) and EVACURE EC‐4A10 (EC‐4A). Samples were obtained from sampling sites before the plasma separator, after each plasma separator, and from the ultrafiltrate of each separator. The sieving coefficient (S.C.) of total protein (TP), albumin (Alb), IgG, interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), interleukin‐8 (IL‐8), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), fibrinogen (Fib), antithrombin III (AT‐III), and coagulation factor XIII (FXIII) were calculated. The S.C. of each solute using EC‐2A and EC‐A4 were as follows; TP: 0.25 and 0.56, Alb: 0.32 and 0.73, IgG: 0.16 and 0.50, IL‐6:0.73 and 0.95, IL‐8:0.85 and 0.82, TNF‐α: 1.07 and 0.99, Fib: 0 and 0, FXIII: 0.07 and 0.17, respectively. When compared with the conventional type of membrane plasma separators, EVACURE could efficiently remove cytokines while retaining coagulation factors such as fibrinogen. Moreover, EC‐2A prevented protein loss, whereas EC‐4A could remove approximately 50% of IgG.
Highlighting the Need and Potential for Use of Interdisciplinary Science in Adaptive Environmental Management: The Case of Endangered Upland Swamps in theBlueMountains,NSW,Australia
Authors: KOHLHAGEN TRENT , FRYIRS KIRSTIE , SEMPLE ANNE‐LOUISE 
Published: September 2013

AbstractTheBlueMountains region ofNewSouthWales, including theWorldHeritage listedBlueMountainsNationalPark, is arguably one ofAustralia's most highly valued and iconic wilderness areas. Common to this region are upland swamps (formally ‘temperate highland peat swamps on sandstone’), which play a vital hydrological role at the headwaters of the river catchments, as well as providing the habitat for an array of flora and fauna species. This paper involves an interdisciplinary examination into the need and potential for adaptive management in theBlueMountains. It uses geomorphic (physical) knowledge of swamp condition and social data about the volunteers who rehabilitate them. Research involved using theRiverStyles river condition framework across 47 swamps and questionnaires and interviews with local rehabilitation volunteers. It is proposed that there is a need and a potential to combine geomorphic understanding with further engagement of community volunteers in order to enable an interdisciplinary approach to adaptive management. Such an approach could result in the effective environmental management of upland swamps in theBlueMountains.
Sex‐biased parasitism of adult spring beetles, Heteronyx dimidiata and Heteronyx crinitus, by Tachinidae in Eucalyptus nitens plantations in Australia
Authors: Walker Paul W , Allen Geoff R 
Published: September 2013

AbstractParasitism of adult Heteronyx dimidiata (Erichson) and H. crinitus Blackburn (Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae), that attack Eucalyptus nitens plantation seedlings in southern Australia, was recorded over 3 years. An undescribed genus of Blondeliini (Tachinidae: Exoristinae) was reared from both scarab species while a Palpostoma sp. (Tachiinae) was reared from H. crinitus. Flies were observed parasitising flying beetles by intercepting them mid‐air. Eggs were laid externally on the exoskeleton, mainly on the dorsum of abdominal tergites. Male H. dimidiata were parasitised significantly more (40%) than female conspecifics (13%) and male or female H. crinitus (both 13%), which was attributed to their greater flight activity searching for mates. Superparasitism was common in both species, particularly in male H. dimidiata (56% of parasitised beetles, up to 22 eggs/beetle), despite evidence that only a single tachinid could complete development in a beetle. Early stages of parasitism in H. dimidiata females did not appear to affect ovarian development nor the ability of beetles to feed on young trees. However, we infer that the tachinids had a significant impact on Heteronyx spp. populations through a reduction in adult beetle longevity and fitness.
The Globular Heads of the C1q Receptor Regulate Apoptosis in Human Extravillous Cytotrophoblast‐derived Transformed Cells via a Mitochondria‐dependent Pathway
Authors: Wang Ying , Guo Shu‐yu , Gu Ping‐qing , Wang Xiao‐man , Sun Ning , Gao Ling‐juan 
Published: September 2013

ProblemThe receptor for the globular head of human C1q (gC1qR) predominantly localizes to the mitochondrial matrix. gC1qR mediates many biological responses, including growth perturbations, morphological abnormalities and the initiation of apoptosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between gC1qR expression, mitochondrial dysfunction and the regulation of apoptosis in human extravillous cytotrophoblast (EVCT)‐derived transformed cell lines (HTR‐8/SVneo and HPT‐8).Method of studygC1qR expression was examined in human placental villi using real‐time qPCR and Western blot analysis. The apoptotic death of HTR‐8/SVneo and HPT‐8 cells was assessed using flow cytometric analysis. Mitochondrial function was assessed via ROS generation, the amount of cytosolic Ca2+ and changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm).ResultsThe expression of the gC1qR gene was significantly increased in spontaneous abortion samples relative to induced abortion samples. HTR‐8/SVneo and HPT‐8 cells transfected with a gC1qR vector showed upregulation of cellular apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction, interestingly, which were abrogated by the addition of metformin. Metformin may protect mitochondrial function.ConclusionThese data support a mechanism whereby gC1qR induces apoptosis through mitochondria‐dependent pathways in human EVCT‐derived transformed cells.
The ability of bispectral index to detect intra‐operative wakefulness during isoflurane/air anaesthesia, compared with the isolated forearm technique
Authors: Russell I. F. 
Published: September 2013

SummaryClinical signs are unreliable for guiding anaesthetic administration and it is suggested that using the bispectral index can improve anaesthetic delivery. In the current study, isoflurane administration was guided to a bispectral index range of 55–60. Intra‐operative responsiveness, as assessed by the isolated forearm technique, was compared with whether the bispectral index predicted/identified a patient's appropriate hand movements in response to commands. Thirty‐four women underwent major gynaecological surgery with isoflurane/air and atracurium. Eleven women responded on 32 occasions with appropriate hand movements to commands given during surgery, of which the bispectral index detected 17 (sensitivity 53%). The bispectral index suggested consciousness 660 times in the absence of any movement responses (specificity 69%). The positive predictive value of the bispectral index was 3%. The median (IQR [range]) bispectral index value associated with an intra‐operative response was significantly lower than that associated with eye opening after surgery: 60 (50–68 [36–83]) vs 77 (75–84 [59–90]), respectively (p = 2.25 × 10−8). Conversely, end‐tidal isoflurane concentration was significantly higher at intra‐operative response than at eye opening: 0.3 (0.3–0.4 [0.2–0.9]) vs 0.2 (0.1–0.2 [0.1–0.3]), respectively (p = 7.36 × 10−8). For patients who responded more than once during surgery, the bispectral index value associated with a response was not constant. No patient had recall for surgery or the taped commands, and only one could remember dreaming (a good dream). Titrating isoflurane to target a bispectral index range of 55–60 may result in an unacceptable number of patients who are conscious during surgery (albeit without recall).
Dermal changes in superficial basal cell carcinoma, melanoma in situ and actinic keratosis and their implications
Authors: Kazlouskaya Viktoryia , Malhotra Saurabh , Navarro Raquel , Wu Karen Nguyen , Shvartsbeyn Marianna , Shengli Chen , Gui Jiang , Elston Dirk M. 
Published: September 2013

BackgroundBasal cell carcinoma (BCC) has a characteristic stroma, but less is known about the dermal characteristics associated with melanoma in situ (MIS) and actinic keratosis (AK).Materials and methodsDermal changes were studied in 301 specimens of AK, BCC and MIS. Subsequently, blinded images of dermal changes from 90 randomly selected cases of those entities were used to assess the predictive value of the dermal changes. Agreement with the final diagnosis was calculated using kappa coefficient (κ).ResultsFibromyxoid stroma was present in 82% of BCC cases; fibrous stroma was seen in 25% of BCC, 58% of MIS and 35.6% of AK specimens (p < 0.05). A lichenoid inflammatory infiltrate was frequently associated with AK and a perifollicular infiltrate with periadnexal fibrosis with MIS. Blinded evaluation of images of the dermal changes associated with the tumors yielded the correct diagnosis in (54.4, 41.1 and 27.8%; average 41.2%) by the three appraisers. Coefficient of agreement in blinded imaged evaluation with the actual diagnosis was higher in the BCC and MIS compared with AK (κ = 0.37, p = 0.0001; κ = 0.2, p = 0.0005 and κ = −0.06, p = 0.84, respectively).ConclusionDermal features may be helpful in predicting the correct diagnosis when tumor is not visible.
Hürthle cell presence alters the distribution and outcome of categories in the Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology
Authors: Yazgan A. , Balci S. , Dincer N. , Kiyak G. , Tuzun D. , Ersoy R. , Cakir B. , Guler G. 
Published: September 2013

ObjectivesWe aimed to determine whether the presence of Hürthle cells altered the distribution of categories in the Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology, or the expected neoplastic and malignant outcome.MethodsFine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology reports of Hürthle cells in a 2‐year period were evaluated. The distribution of Bethesda system categories and the outcome at partial or complete thyroidectomy were compared for FNAs with and without Hürthle cells.ResultsOf 895 adequate FNAs with Hürthle cells, 764 (85.4%) were classified as benign, 86 (9.6%) as atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS), 32 (3.6%) as follicular neoplasm/suspicious for follicular neoplasm (FN/SFN), 12 (1.3%) as suspicious for malignancy (SFM) and one (0.1%) as malignant. Of 10 359 adequate FNAs without Hürthle cells, 9707 (93.7%) were classified as benign, 412 (4.0%) as AUS/FLUS, 77 (0.7%) as FN/SFN, 93 (0.9%) as SFM and 70 (0.7%) as malignant. The distribution of categories in FNAs with and without Hürthle cells was significantly different (P < 0.001) as a result of a decrease in benign and an increase in AUS/FLUS and FN/SFN categories. Among 128 patients with and 582 without Hürthle cells undergoing surgery, the overall neoplastic and malignancy rates were higher in the former than in the latter group (27.3% versus 14.9%, P < 0.001; 21.1% versus 11.7%, P = 0.003; respectively). Although neoplastic and malignant rates were higher in the group with than without Hürthle cells in all categories, the differences were only significant for a neoplastic outcome of benign cytology (15.1% versus 6.0%, P = 0.0013) and a malignant outcome of FN/SFN cytology (63.6% versus 21.9%, P = 0.0108).ConclusionsWe found that the rates of AUS/FLUS and FN/SFN categories in the Bethesda system were higher when Hürthle cells were present. After surgery, neoplastic and malignant outcomes were significantly higher in the Hürthle cell group.