bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric Relationship between Indian Ocean SST and the Western North Pacific Summer Monsoon
Authors: Lu Riyu , Lu Shu 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The summer precipitation anomalies over the tropical western North Pacific (WNP), which greatly affect East Asian climate, are closely related to Indian Ocean (IO) SST anomalies, and this WNP–IO relationship is widely assumed to be linear. This study indicates that the IO SST–WNP precipitation relationship is generally linear only when the IO SST anomalies are positive and not when the IO SST anomalies are negative, that is, a strongly cooler IO, in comparison with a moderately cooler IO, does not correspond to stronger precipitation enhancement over the WNP. Further analysis suggests that the phases of ENSO play a crucial role in modifying the impacts of IO SSTs on WNP anomalies. The reverse IO SST–WNP precipitation relationship, which exists without apparent ENSO development/decay, is intensified by El Niño decay through the enhancement of IO SST anomalies, but weakened by El Niño development and La Niña decay through the concurrence of SST anomalies in the tropical central and eastern Pacific. After removing El Niño developing and La Niña decaying cases, the IO SST and WNP precipitation anomalies show a clear linear relationship. Because of the effects of the phases of ENSO, the years of negative precipitation or anticyclonic anomalies over the WNP are highly concentrated over strongly warmer IO and El Niño decaying years, which is consistent with previous studies. However, the years of positive precipitation anomalies are scattered over cooler IO and moderately warmer IO years, implying a complexity of tropical SST forcing on positive WNP precipitation anomalies.
Effect of Gold Deposition on the Activity of Palladium Electrode for Propane-1,3-diol Oxidation
Authors: Jin Changchun , Zhang Jingjing , Huo Qisheng , Dong Rulin 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The Au deposition on polycrystalline Pd electrode and the electrocatalytic oxidation of propane-1,3-diol on the Au-deposited Pd electrodes are investigated. Structure analyses show that the surface of Pd is partially covered by Au nanoparticles. Electrochemical measurements reveal a significant improvement in the catalytic activity of Pd electrode by Au deposition for propane-1,3-diol oxidation in alkaline solution. The Au-modified Pd electrodes show oxidation potential similar to Pd electrode but considerably higher peak current density than Pd and Au electrodes.
Different views on tree interception process and its determinants
Authors: Klamerus-Iwan Anna 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The subject of the study is the process of interception by plants defined as the process of retaining rainfall water on plant surface, counting retention by individual plant parts or the vegetation cover as the whole. In the quantitative approach, interception capability of plants may be compared to a reservoir, the capacity of which is determined mostly by the surface of plants. Among many approaches to describe interception processes, a lot of attention has been focused on research concerning the forest vegetation with reference to atmosphere - forest stand - soil balance. Hence, in the present paper interception issues are addressed in view of forest ecosystems. The emphasis is also put on the methods and results of studies carried out under laboratory conditions.
Up-to-date literature on interception is abundant. The authors tackling this issue regularly define their own variable and complex sets of terms. This paper is an attempt to review and organise knowledge presented in existing literature on the subject.
Fabrication and Characterization of Three Dimensional Electrospun Cortical Bone Scaffolds
Authors: Andric Tea , Taylor Brittany L. , Degen Katherine E. , Whittington Abby R. , Freeman Joseph W. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBone is a composite tissue composed of an organic matrix, inorganic mineral matrix and water. Structurally, bone is organized into two distinct types: trabecular (or cancellous) and cortical (or compact) bone. Cortical bone is highly organized, dense and composed of tightly packed units or osteons whereas trabecular bone is highly porous and usually found within the confines of cortical bone. Osteons, the subunits of cortical bone, consist of concentric layers of mineralized collagen fibers. While many scaffold fabrication techniques have sought to replicate the structure and organization of trabecular bone, very little research focuses on mimicking the organization of native cortical bone. In this study we fabricated three-dimensional electrospun cortical scaffolds by heat sintering individual osteon-like scaffolds. The scaffolds contained a system of channels running parallel to the length of the scaffolds, as found naturally in the haversian systems of bone tissue. The purpose of the studies discussed in this paper was to develop a mechanically enhanced biomimetic electrospun cortical scaffold. To that end we investigated the appropriate mineralization and cross-linking methods for these structures and to evaluate the mechanical properties of scaffolds with varying fiber angles. Cross-linking the gelatin in the scaffolds prior to the mineralization of the scaffolds proved to help prevent channels of the osteons from collapsing during fabrication. Premineralization, before larger scaffold formation and mineralization, increased mineral deposition between the electrospun layers of the scaffolds. A combination of cross-linking and premineralization significantly increased the compressive moduli of the individual scaffolds. Furthermore, scaffolds with fibers orientation ranging between 15° and 45° yielded the highest compressive moduli and yield strength.
Nursing Journal Clubs: A Literature Review on the Effective Teaching Strategy for Continuing Education and Evidence-Based Practice
Authors: Lachance Carly 
Published: November 2014

Background:
This literature review on nursing journal clubs evaluates the efficacy of the teaching strategy within the clinical setting.

Method:
Peer-reviewed articles were retrieved using an online journal database. Inclusion criteria incorporated information on efficacy of the teaching strategy, evidence-based practices, and continuing education as they related to nursing journal club initiatives.

Results:
The literature cited numerous benefits and proved to be in favor of nursing journal clubs. The most common benefits found were nurses remaining abreast of current research, skill development in reading and critically appraising research, and incorporation of evidence-based practices to patient care. Due to the self-motivated and voluntary nature of this teaching strategy, a limitation commonly identified was lack of participation, and further research on this limitation often was suggested.

Conclusion:
Nursing journal clubs proved to be an effective teaching strategy, a finding that remains consistent with the medical pioneers of the movement.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2014;45(12):559–565.
Long-term endoscopic management for primary recurrent pyogenic cholangitis
Authors: Buxbaum James L. , Lane Christianne J. , Bagatelos Karen C. , Ostroff James W. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Background: Primary recurrent pyogenic cholangitis (RPC) is characterized by relentless suppurative cholangitis in those with a suspected parasitic injury of the biliary tree. Prior work has demonstrated that the infections recur following “definitive” biliary surgery and long-term percutaneous biliary catheters are poorly tolerated. The aim of this study was to assess whether scheduled surveillance endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) prevents cholangitis in those with RPC. Materials and Methods: Following initial biliary decompression and stone clearance, patients with RPC were offered serial ERCP every 3-6 months to remove accumulating stony debris and to dilate incipient strictures. Review of a large series managed using this approach at the University of California, San Francisco Medical Center was performed. The principle outcome was the development of acute cholangitis requiring hospitalization and whether the episode occurred, while the RPC patient was in compliance with endoscopic surveillance recommendations. Results: Over a period of 10 years, 66 patients with primary RPC were managed for RPC at the University of California, San Francisco. The patients were comprised primarily of first-generation immigrants from Asia though one-quarter had migrated from Latin America and Russia. Episodes of cholangitis were significantly less likely to occur in those undergoing surveillance biliary endoscopy than in those who were not (odds ratio 5.3; P = 0.005). The mean follow-up was 36.1 months. Conclusions: Serial endoscopic treatment of RPC may be used to systematically clear biliary debris and decreases the risk of cholangitis requiring hospitalization. It represents a reasonable initial management strategy for these patients. Surgery and percutaneous management may also be required, but are best performed as part of a multidisciplinary approach.
Hemoperitoneum in Third Trimester of Pregnancy: Unusual Cause-Spontaneous Rupture of Uterine Varices
Authors: Dhobale Snehal , Rajan Revathi S 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTSpontaneous uterine varices rupture is a very rare condition (1/10,000 pregnancies), leading to significant maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Though the exact etiology is still unknown, it seems to be associated with an increased in venous pressure. The rupture especially occurs in third trimester. We encounter a case of 31 years old primigravida with pain in abdomen since 1 day not relieved by medication. Abdominal ultrasound revealed hemoperitoneum. Emergency exploratory laparotomy revealed 1.5 litres of hemoperitoneum and confirmed the diagnosis of ‘spontaneous rupture of uterine varices’. The clinical presentation of spontaneous rupture of uterine varices is not specific and clinical examination and ultrasonographic scanning may be insufficient for diagnosis. This rare condition has to be taken into account to the differential diagnosis in a pregnant woman with severe abdominal pain.How to cite this articleDhobale S, Rajan RS, Rao KA. Hemoperitoneum in Third Trimester of Pregnancy: Unusual Cause-Spontaneous Rupture of Uterine Varices. Int J Infertil Fetal Med 2014;5(2):66-68.
Effect of the additional anode layers on the absorption enhancement characteristic of plasmonic organic solar cells
Authors: Yoo Sanghyuk , Kim Jungho 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
We numerically investigate the effect of additional anode layers on the absorption enhancement characteristic of pyramidal-grating plasmonic organic solar cells (OSCs) using the finite element method. The behaviors of the plasmonic absorption enhancement are compared between a “simple” structure consisting of only the active and metal cathode layers and a “practical” structure with the additional anode layers. The plasmonic absorption enhancement is identified by comparing the polarization-dependent absorbance spectra between the planar and plasmonic OSCs. When the active-layer thickness is small, the plasmonic resonance condition changes owing to the addition of the anode layers. When the active-layer thickness is large, the plasmonic resonance condition and corresponding absorption behavior show a slight difference irrespective of the inclusion of the additional anode layers. Therefore, the additional anode layers should be included in the optical analysis and design of plasmonic OSCs when the active-layer thickness is small.
L’Oréal v. eBay: Is the Tide Finally Turning for Hosting Providers?
Authors: van Eecke Patrick , Truyens Maarten 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
On 9 December 2010, Advocate General Niilo Jääskinen delivered his opinion in the L’Or´eal v. eBay case (C- 324/09), in which he analyses the position of online intermediaries - in particular electronic marketplaces such as eBay - under the EU trade mark legislation (directive 89/104 of 21 December 1988 to approximate the laws of the member states relating to trade marks, and Council Regulation 40/94 of 20 December 1993 on the Community trade mark), the eCommerce Directive (directive 2000/31/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 8 June 2000 on certain legal aspects of information society services, in particular electronic commerce, in the Internal Market) and the Enforcement Directive (directive 2004/48/EC of 29 April 2004 on the enforcement of intellectual property rights). In light of the diverging case law across the EU, it can be hoped that this opinion paves the way for a correct and balanced application of EU law in the context of online intermediary services.While theAdvocateGeneral takes into account the practical implications of the legal obligations imposed on online intermediaries, in view of the technical and commercial reality his opinion unfortunately opens the door for a general monitoring obligation for online service providers.
Zur Abziehbarkeit der Aufwendungen eines Carry-Holders – eine steuersystematische Analyse
Authors: Desens Marc , Kathstede Gerd 
Published: November 2014

AbstractDas sog. Carried Interest wird in § 18 Abs. 1 Nr. 4 EStG nunmehr gesetzlich als eine Tätigkeitsvergütung qualifiziert und durch § 3 Nr. 40a EStG hälftig steuerfrei gestellt. Bislang ungeklärt ist die Frage, wie sich die hälftige Freistellung auf die steuerliche Behandlung der Aufwendungen des Carry-Holders auswirkt. Sind diese voll abziehbar oder greift ein (hälftiges) Abzugsverbot (§ 3c Abs. 1 oder 2 EStG)? Die Autoren kommen aufgrund einer steuersystematischen Analyse zu einer Anwendung des § 3c Abs. 1 EStG, allerdings nur soweit die Steuerfreistellung in § 3 Nr. 40a EStG reicht.
Beschränkung der Entfernungspauschale auf Fernpendler – Die Geister, die ich rief
Authors: Wesselbaum-Neugebauer Claudia 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMit dem Steueränderungsgesetz (StÄndG) 2007, BGBl. I 2006, 1652, soll ein weiterer spürbarer Beitrag zur Stabilisierung der Steuerbasis geleistet, der Steuervereinfachung gedient und das Streitpotential im Verwaltungsvollzug begrenzt werden (BT-Drucks. 16/1545, 8). Um diese Ziele realisieren zu können, sollen die Aufwendungen für die Wege zwischen Wohnung und Betriebsstätte sowie für Familienheimfahrten den nicht abzugsfähigen Betriebsausgaben zugerechnet werden (§4 Abs. 5a EStG n.F.). § 9 Abs.2 EStG soll dahingehend geändert werden, dass diese Aufwendungen keine Werbungskosten mehr darstellen. Lediglich bei einer Entfernung ab 21 Kilometern soll ein Abzug wie Betriebsausgaben bzw. Werbungskosten möglich sein. Das Finanzministerium geht davon aus, dass durch die Umsetzung dieser Maßnahme Steuermehreinnahmen i.H.v. 2,53 Mrd. E generiert werden können.
Rechtliche Aspekte der Privatisierung von Krankenhäusern
Authors: Barthel Vera , Drews Ernesto , Schulze Hans-Jörg , Theusinger Ingo 
Published: November 2014

Die Anzahl der Privatisierung von Krankenhäusern ist in jüngerer Zeit aufgrund höherer Steuereinnahmen und eines deutlich verbesserten Managements kommunaler Kliniken zurückgegangen. Nach allgemeiner Meinung wird sich dieser Trend im kommenden Jahr u.a. wegen der „Scharf-Schaltung“ der Abrechnung nach Diagnosis Related Groups (DRGs) und der sich damit verschärfenden Finanznot der öffentlichen Häuser umkehren.Skepsis in der Bevölkerung stoßen können. Sie sind daher auch politisch gründlich und sensibel vorzubereiten und durchzuführen.2 Besondere Bedeutung kommt der Planungsphase (1.) zu, in der Veräußerer und Erwerber bereits wichtige Weichenstellungen treffen, an die sich die Due Diligence (2.) anschließt. Schließlich sind im Rahmen der vertraglichen Gestaltung (3.) die aus der Privatisierung resultierenden Besonderheiten abzubilden.
Umsatzsteuerrechtliche Behandlung einer Wertminderungsentschädigung
Authors: Hummel David 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSobald im Umsatzsteuerrecht die Begriffe „Entschädigung“ oder „Schadensersatz“ fallen, wird häufig in der Praxis vorschnell angenommen, dass eine nicht steuerbare Leistung (vulgo: „echter Schadensersatz“) vorliegt. Davon abweichend hat das BMF (BMF, Schr. v. 20.2.2006 … IVA 5 - S 7100 - 23/06, BStBl. I 2006, 241 = UR 2006, 242) die Auffassung vertreten, dass der Minderwertausgleich auch dann das Entgelt für einen steuerbaren Umsatz darstellt, wenn die Entschädigung für eine unfallbedingte, über das normale Maß hinausgehende Beanspruchung des Leasinggegenstandes zu entrichten ist. Das BMFstützt sich dabei auf ein Urteil des BGH (BGH, Urt. v. 1.3.2000 … VIII ZR 177/99, NJW-RR 2000, 1303ff.), in welchem dieser einen Wertminderungsausgleichsanspruch als Erfüllungsanspruch qualifiziert hat. Die nicht gerade fundiert begründete Auffassung des BMF ist in der Literatur (Klenk, DB 2006, 1180ff.; Jaster/ Burkhard, UStB 2006, 135ff.) bislang nur auf Kritik gestoßen. Sie gibt Anlass, die Frage aus umsatzsteuerrechtsdogmatischer Sicht zu betrachten.
The genusBipolaris
Authors: Manamgoda D.S. , Rossman A.Y. , Castlebury L.A. , Crous P.W. , Madrid H. , Chukeatirote E. , Hyde K.D. 
Published: November 2014

The genusBipolarisincludes important plant pathogens with worldwide distribution. Species recognition in the genus has been uncertain due to the lack of molecular data from ex-type cultures as well as overlapping morphological characteristics. In this study, we revise the genusBipolarisbased on DNA sequence data derived from living cultures of fresh isolates, available ex-type cultures from worldwide collections and observation of type and additional specimens. Combined analyses of ITS, GPDH and TEF gene sequences were used to reconstruct the molecular phylogeny of the genusBipolarisfor species with living cultures. The GPDH gene is determined to be the best single marker for species ofBipolaris. Generic boundaries betweenBipolarisandCurvulariaare revised and presented in an updated combined ITS and GPDH phylogenetic tree. We accept 47 species in the genusBipolarisand clarify the taxonomy, host associations, geographic distributions and species’ synonymies. Modern descriptions and illustrations are provided for 38 species in the genus with notes provided for the other taxa when recent descriptions are available.Bipolaris cynodontis,B. oryzae,B. victoriae,B. yamadaeandB. zeicolaare epi- or neotypified and a lectotype is designated forB. stenospila.Excluded and doubtful species are listed with notes on taxonomy and phylogeny. Seven new combinations are introduced in the genusCurvulariato accomodate the species ofBipolaristransferred based on the phylogenetic analysis. A taxonomic key is provided for the morphological identification of species within the genus.
Study on contingency evolution of acquisition organization systems based on the game group link method
Authors: Shaoluo Huang , Woye Liu , Duxiling  
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the issue of contingency evolution of acquisition organization systems with the game group link method.Design/methodology/approachThe concept and method of the game group link are used to analyze the evolution law of acquisition, to find a basis for the contingency evolution of acquisition organization system.FindingsStudies prove that the contingency evolution of acquisition organization systems has the following basic laws: continuous evolution laws adapted to environmental requirements; laws of coordinated evolution as a whole, law of evolution from gradual change to sudden change; evolution path is determined by concrete situations; evolution pattern is determined by dynamic conditions; and law of evolution promoted by innovation.Research limitations/implicationsResearch results of this paper have significance in inspiration and theoretical instruction in respect of effectively increasing evolution profits of acquisition organization systems, promoting realization of purpose of acquisition organization systems, actively boosting evolution, and continuous development of acquisition organization systems.Practical implicationsIt is shown that the acquisition process is the reasoning game process, development game process, and production game process conducted in turns by the main participating bodies of acquisition during the full life cycle of equipment. This process has clear features of “link,” and a correlated game link is formed among its different stages.Originality/valueThe paper proves that the acquisition process is a process of multi‐stage complex games and evolution game, with the full life cost control as the key issue in face of a fixed budget.
Innovation in clusters: effects of absorptive capacity and environmental moderators
Authors: Kohlbacher Markus , Weitlaner Doris , Hollosi Arno , Grünwald Stefan , Grahsl Hans‐Peter 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThis paper aims to empirically explore the impact of absorptive capacity (AC) on explorative and exploitative innovation in business cluster settings, and the environment's moderating role on these relationships.Design/methodology/approachUsing a sample of Central European companies, the paper applies multivariate data analysis techniques to test the effect of AC on innovation performance and potential moderators, respectively.FindingsThe empirical evidence indicates that AC impacts both explorative and exploitative innovation, and that the strength of the impact depends on the business clusters' level of dynamism and competitiveness. Environmental dynamism and competitiveness positively moderate the effect of AC on explorative innovation, and negatively moderate the effect of AC on exploitative innovation.Research limitations/implicationsSeveral research limitations apply. First, only one interview per firm was conducted on a self‐reporting basis. Second, the survey's focus was on SMEs. Third, questionnaire translations and differing interviewer behaviour may bias the results.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest that firms in business clusters must develop AC to gain the fruits of agglomeration effects. Furthermore, attention should be paid to the cluster's environmental conditions, since dynamism and competition play a significant role for innovation.Originality/valueAlthough the importance of AC has often been highlighted, much more remains to be understood about its role in business cluster settings. This issue is addressed in this work by providing systematic, empirical evidence on how AC affects innovation performance at the firm level, and on how this relationship depends on the business cluster's environmental characteristics.
The development of a sex offender assessment and treatment service within a community learning disability team (The SHEALD Project): part 2
Authors: Newton Liam , Bishop Sophie , Ettey Jon , McBrien Judith 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThis is the second of two papers which aims to describe the development of a sex offender assessment and treatment service for men with intellectual disability (ID) within a community ID service. The first paper by McBrienet al.in 2010 described the mapping of need, the assessment methods and results.Design/methodology/approachThis paper describes how decisions were made about whether or not to enrol 20 assessed men on group treatment and outlines the treatment group and outcomes.FindingsNone of the seven men who completed treatment had committed a further sexual offence at 12‐24 months follow‐up. Other outcomes are discussed including the outcomes for the men who did not start or complete treatment. The available measures are not sufficiently sophisticated to detect change in individuals.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the literature that describes the assessment and treatment of men with an ID who have committed sexually harmful behaviours. It describes one community service's response to the complex needs of this client group.