bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nurses' delivery of the Tobacco Tactics intervention at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center
Authors: Fore Amanda M , Karvonen‐Gutierrez Carrie A , Talsma AkkeNeel , Duffy Sonia A 
Published: January 2014

Aims and objectivesTo determine (1) factors associated with nurses' perceived confidence in and importance of delivering cessation interventions to patients after receiving the Tobacco Tactics educational module, and (2) whether self‐reported delivery of smoking cessation services increased after the Tobacco Tactics educational programme was implemented.BackgroundIntensive nurse‐based inpatient smoking cessation interventions are effective; however, due to a lack of nurse confidence, training and time, nurse‐administered cessation interventions are seldom implemented.DesignTwo cross‐sectional surveys among staff trained in the Tobacco Tactics programme, conducted at two months and 15 months post‐training.MethodsSurveys were conducted to determine whether self‐reported delivery of smoking cessation services by nursing staff increased after delivery of the Tobacco Tactics training at a Midwestern Veterans Affairs Medical Center. All staff members who attended the training were eligible to complete the surveys at two and 15 months post‐training.ResultsHaving a good understanding of the elements of smoking cessation interventions and satisfaction with training were associated with perceived confidence and importance of delivering smoking cessation interventions. Additionally, 86% of participants reported delivering cessation interventions 15 months post‐training compared with 57% prior to training (p < 0·0001).ConclusionsTraining nurses how to deliver tobacco cessation interventions increases delivery of cessation services.Relevance to clinical practiceNurse‐delivered cessation interventions have the potential to increase quit rates and decrease morbidity and mortality among patient populations.
The lived experience of relationships after major burn injury
Authors: Moi Asgjerd L , Gjengedal Eva 
Published: January 2014

Aims and objectivesTo explore and describe the meaning of relationships after major burn injury.BackgroundA major burn injury may represent a threat to preburn appearance and level of functioning. Social resources and interaction are considered important for minimising the negative impacts on life after burn through all phases of care and rehabilitation. Yet, the subjective experiences of relating to others after burns have not been extensively explored.DesignThe study was performed by using a phenomenological approach.MethodsA purposive sample (n = 14) of patients who had experienced major burns were interviewed in average 14 (5–35) months postinjury. The interviews were analysed by the phenomenological method of Giorgi.ResultsThe essence of the experience of relationships was constituted by other people re‐anchoring the burn‐injured persons to preburn life, being confirming of the new self, as well as being sensitive, competent and safeguarding with respect to actual and potential problems and harms. New bodily limitations demanded assistive others. Moreover, a worry about the overall burden on close family was typical. The supportive actions from others were mostly described as positive, but could also be experienced as challenging, and sometimes even unwanted and interfering with the struggle for regained freedom.ConclusionsAcross variation, an increased awareness of the meaning of mutual interdependence was typical. Supportive relationships with family, friends and health professionals were important for the return to society, preburn activities and a meaningful life.Relevance to clinical practiceA perspective that values the significance of social support from family, friends, health professionals and others who are important for the burn‐injured person, and that does not underestimate challenges that may be involved, is recommended during all phases of burn care. Health professionals should also acknowledge the importance of relationships when developing structured educational programmes and organising peer support.
Technical Report: Precisely Fitting Bars on Implants in Five Steps—A CAD/CAM Concept for the Edentulous Mandible
Authors: Beuer Florian , Schweiger Josef , Huber Martin , Engels Jörg , Stimmelmayr Michael 
Published: January 2014

AbstractVarious treatment concepts have been presented for the edentulous mandible. Manufacturing tension‐free and precisely fitting bars on dental implants was previously a great challenge in prosthetic dentistry and required great effort. Modern computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing technology in combination with some clinical modifications of the established workflow enables the clinician to achieve precise results in a very efficient way. The innovative five‐step concept is presented in a clinical case.
Enhanced absorption and bioavailability of hydrochlorothiazide by Chinese medicines in the Zhenju antihypertensive compound
Authors: Qin Jing , Wang Limin , Bai Yu , Li Yongji , Jing Yingchun , Han Limei , Wang Jianxin 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Objectives
This study was performed to investigate the influence of traditional Chinese medicines in the Zhenju antihypertensive compound (ZJAHC) on the oral absorption of hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) both in vitro and in vivo.

Methods
Caco-2 cells and the in situ closed loop system were used to investigate the possible mechanism of the Chinese-Western medicine interaction on the transepithelial transport and uptake of HCT. The influence of TCMs on the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of HCT was also studied to reveal the possible interaction in vivo.

Key findings
In an in situ intestinal perfusion study, the cumulative amount of HCT of ZJAHC group (506.05 μg ± 96.03) was 2.2-fold, 2.18-fold and 1.38-fold higher compared to that of the HCT group (228.29 μg ± 23.39), HCT-clonidine (CLO) group (232.13 ± 54.79 μg) and HCT-rutin (RT) group (366.08 ± 21.97 μg), respectively, after 120 min of perfusion. A pharmacokinetic analysis showed a significant increase in area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of HCT in the ZJAHC group by 2.14-fold, 2.01-fold and 1.32-fold compared to the HCT, HCT-CLO and HCT-RT groups, respectively. As a P-gp inhibitor, RT could contribute to the enhanced oral absorption of HCT in ZJAHC.

Conclusion
The combination of traditional Chinese medicines and chemical drugs may provide a promising strategy and unique advantages to reduce the dosage and side effects of chemical drugs while maintaining an effect on hypertension.
Prevalence and Characteristics of Sexual Functioning among Sexually Experienced Middle to Late Adolescents
Authors: O'Sullivan Lucia F. , Brotto Lori A. , Byers E. Sandra , Majerovich Jo Ann , Wuest Judith A. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Introduction
Little is known about problems in sexual functioning among young people, despite the high rates found in adult samples. It is unclear which problems are most prevalent or how common sexual distress is for young people experiencing problems.

Aims
This study aims to assess the prevalence, range, and correlates of sexual problems and distress among a sample of adolescents (16–21 years).

Methods
Participants (mean age 19.2) were recruited from community and area high schools. Male adolescents (n = 114) completed online the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) and Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool (PEDT). Female adolescents (n = 144) completed the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Both completed the Female Sexual Distress Scale (FSDS) and the measures of background, relationship characteristics, and sexual histories.

Main Outcomes Measures
Clinical cutoff scores on the IIEF, PEDT, FSFI, and FSDS were used to determine whether there was a significant sexual problem.

Results
Adolescents reported extensive sexual experience, most in relationship contexts. Half of the sample (51.1%) reported a sexual problem; 50.0% reported clinically significant levels of distress associated with it. Similar rates of problems and distress were found among male and female adolescents. For the most part, adolescent characteristics, backgrounds, and experience were not associated with adolescents' sexual problems.

Conclusion
Sexual problems are clearly prevalent among adolescents, and distressing to many who experience them, emphasizing a strong need to develop programs to address this issue.
Evaluation of Coughing and Nasal Discharge as Early Indicators for An Increased Risk to Develop Equine Recurrent Airway Obstruction (RAO)
Authors: Bosshard S. , Gerber V. 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundIt is often assumed that horses with mild respiratory clinical signs, such as mucous nasal discharge and occasional coughing, have an increased risk of developing recurrent airway obstruction (RAO).HypothesisCompared to horses without any clinical signs of respiratory disease, those with occasional coughing, mucous nasal discharge, or both have an increased risk of developing signs of RAO (frequent coughing, increased breathing effort, exercise intolerance, or a combination of these) as characterized by the Horse Owner Assessed Respiratory Signs Index (HOARSI 1–4).AnimalsTwo half‐sibling families descending from 2 RAO‐affected stallions (n = 65 and n = 47) and an independent replication population of unrelated horses (n = 88).MethodsIn a retrospective cohort study, standardized information on occurrence and frequency of coughing, mucous nasal discharge, poor performance, and abnormal breathing effort—and these factors combined in the HOARSI—as well as management factors were collected at intervals of 1.3–5 years.ResultsCompared to horses without clinical signs of respiratory disease (half‐siblings 7%; unrelated horses 3%), those with mild respiratory signs developed clinical signs of RAO more frequently: half‐siblings with mucous nasal discharge 35% (P < .001, OR: 7.0, sensitivity: 62%, specificity: 81%), with mucous nasal discharge and occasional coughing 43% (P < .001, OR: 9.9, sensitivity: 55%, specificity: 89%); unrelated horses with occasional coughing: 25% (P = .006, OR = 9.7, sensitivity: 75%, specificity: 76%).Conclusions and Clinical importanceOccasional coughing and mucous nasal discharge might represent an increased risk of developing RAO.
Samurai and Gentlemen: The Anglophone Japan Corpus and New Avenues into Orientalism (Part I)
Authors: Holt Jenny 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe article as a whole seeks to explore new ways of looking at the literature of intercultural encounter using ideas of culture shock, cultural adaptation and narrative theory. It also demonstrates the importance of Anglophone literature about Japan to the understanding of how writers from the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries sought to engage with people from other ethnic groups. From the 1850s, when Japan ended its policy of national isolation, until the beginning of World War II, the literary marketplace was flooded with numerous English‐language texts which dealt with almost every aspect of Japanese life, covering subjects as diverse as art and design, botany, geology, women's rights, war, public health, theatre, linguistics and religion. However, despite the size of this Anglophone Japan corpus, only well‐known texts such as Isabella Bird's Unbeaten Tracks in Japan and the works of Lafcadio Hearn have attracted substantial in‐depth analysis. One reason for the neglect of the field is that previous decades of scholars regarded this literature as too ephemeral to be worth studying. Another may be that conventional Saidian frameworks for interpreting the literature of cultural encounter fail to provide a satisfactory understanding of relationships between westerners and the Japanese. However, this resistance to Saidian interpretation means that the Anglophone Japan corpus is ideal for testing alternative readings of cross‐cultural literature. This, the first section of the article, presents a brief overview of Anglophone literature on Japan, and investigates some of the new strategies being put forward for interpreting these texts. The second part of the article will follow on by presenting a case study of one theme which dominated discussions of Japan in the early twentieth century: the figure of the samurai and the idea of ‘Bushidō’ (the ‘way of the samurai’). By undertaking this analysis, I demonstrate how ideas of culture shock and narrative psychology can be used to give a more nuanced understanding of the personal and social motives behind the literature of intercultural encounter.
Lymph Transport in Rat Mesenteric Lymphatics Experiencing Edemagenic Stress
Authors: Rahbar Elaheh , Akl Tony , Coté Gerard L. , Moore James E. , Zawieja David C. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo assess lymphatic flow adaptations to edema, we evaluated lymph transport function in rat mesenteric lymphatics under normal and increased fluid volume (edemagenic) conditions in situ.MethodsTwelve rats were infused with saline (intravenous infusion, 0.2 mL/min/100 g body weight) to induce edema. We intravitally measured mesenteric lymphatic diameter and contraction frequency, as well as lymphocyte velocity and density before, during, and after infusion.ResultsA 10‐fold increase in lymphocyte velocity (0.1–1 mm/s) and a sixfold increase in flow rate (0.1–0.6 μL/min), were observed post infusion, respectively. There were also increases in contraction frequency and fractional pump flow one minute post infusion. Time‐averaged wall shear stress increased 10 fold post infusion to nearly 1.5 dynes/cm2. Similarly, maximum shear stress rose from 5 to 40 dynes/cm2.ConclusionsLymphatic vessels adapted to edemagenic stress by increasing lymph transport. Specifically, the increases in lymphatic contraction frequency, lymphocyte velocity, and shear stress were significant. Lymph pumping increased post infusion, though changes in lymphatic diameter were not statistically significant. These results indicate that edemagenic conditions stimulate lymph transport via increases in lymphatic contraction frequency, lymphocyte velocity, and flow. These changes, consequently, resulted in large increases in wall shear stress, which could then activate NO pathways and modulate lymphatic transport function.
Thomas Adès's ‘Freaky, Funky Rave’
Authors: Venn Edward 
Published: January 2014

Abstract‘Ecstasio’, the third movement of Thomas Adès's 1997 orchestral work Asyla, draws heavily on gestures and forms of electronic dance music (EDM) in a manner analogous to the use of contemporary dance genres in the Romantic scherzo. The relative novelty of EDM in the symphonic repertoire led early critics of the work to focus their attention on the unusual gestures and forms that are alluded to in ‘Ecstasio’. The resulting emphasis on the social, political and physical implications of EDM promotes an oversimplified picture of the movement; no mention is made of those alternative processes that comment on, conflict with and ultimately compromise the topical utilisation of EDM within the movement. Through the exploration of the primary and secondary significations of EDM, and by virtue of a close reading of the musical procedures in ‘Ecstasio’, this article offers a reading that questions and contradicts the early critical reception of the movement and suggests instead an ambiguous yet probing artistic position towards EDM.
Dermatophytosis and immunovirological status of HIV‐infected and AIDS patients from Sao Paulo city, Brazil
Authors: da Silva Bosco Christiano Maciel , Paula Claudete Rodrigues , Auler Marcos Ereno , Ruiz Luciana da Silva , dos Santos Jairo Ivo , Yoshioka Márcia Cristina Naomi , Fabris Alexandre , Castro Luiz Guilherme Martins , Duarte Alberto José da Silva , Gambale Walderez 
Published: January 2014

SummaryOver the past decades, more people became infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and developed acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Because of that the incidence of fungal infections rose dramatically. It happened because this virus can modify the course of fungal diseases, leading to altered clinical pictures. The aim of this study was to evaluate epidemiological and biological aspects of dermatophytosis in HIV‐positive and AIDS patients living in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. A total of 84 (44 HIV‐positive and 40 AIDS) patients were enrolled in this study. The patients were tested for dermatophyte infections, as well as for the CD4+/CD8+ and HIV viral load counts. Tinea unguium was most frequently observed in AIDS patients, whereas Tinea pedis was mostly observed in HIV‐positive patients. The most frequent dermatophyte species was Trichophyton rubrum. CD4+ counts and CD4+/CD8+ ratios were not associated with a higher risk for dermatophytosis. On the other hand, viral load higher than 100 000 copies/ml was associated with a higher frequency of dermatophytosis. The results suggest to that although dermatophytosis is common in HIV‐positive and AIDS patients, the degree of immunosuppression does not seems to correlate with increased risk of this fungal infection. In addition, high viral load as a predictive risk factor for dermatophyte infection should be subject of further evaluations.
Fossilized ontogenies: the contribution of placoderm ontogeny to our understanding of the evolution of early gnathostomes
Authors: Johanson Zerina , Trinajstic Kate 
Published: January 2014

AbstractPlacoderms, representing phylogenetically more inclusive jawed vertebrates and successive sister taxa to crown‐group gnathostomes, are critical to our understanding of character evolution within the crown‐group (chondrichthyans + osteichthyans), including developmental characters. Early ontogenetic stages of placoderms are generally poorly known, although some exceptional faunas preserve both embryonic (e.g. from the Gogo Formation, Western Australia) and post‐embryonic individuals (the Miguasha Formation, Canada; Lode Formation, Latvia; Merriganowry Formation, Gogo Formation, Australia). Information provided by these ontogenies is relevant to questions of placoderm taxonomy and phylogeny, but also to broader questions pertinent to vertebrate evolution as a whole, for example, evolution of bone development, evolution of the axial skeleton and evolution of reproduction.
Is there an alternative to continuous opioid infusion for neonatal pain control? A preliminary report of parent/nurse‐controlled analgesia in the neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Czarnecki Michelle L. , Hainsworth Keri , Simpson Pippa M. , Arca Marjorie J. , Uhing Michael R. , Varadarajan Jaya , Weisman Steven J. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryBackgroundContinuous opioid infusion (COI) remains the mainstay of analgesic therapy in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Parent/nurse‐controlled analgesia (PNCA) has been accepted as safe and effective for pediatric patients, but few reports include use in neonates. This study sought to compare outcomes of PNCA and COI in postsurgical neonates and young infants.MethodsTwenty infants treated with morphine PNCA were retrospectively compared with 13 infants treated with fentanyl COI in a Midwestern pediatric hospital in the United States. Outcome measures included opioid consumption, pain scores, frequency of adverse events, and subsequent methadone use.ResultsThe PNCA group (median 6.4 μg·kg−1·h−1 morphine equivalents, range 0.0–31.4) received significantly less opioid (P < 0.001) than the COI group (median 40.0 μg·kg−1·h−1 morphine equivalents; range 20.0–153.3), across postoperative days 0–3. Average daily pain scores (based on 0–10 scale) were low for both groups, but median scores differed nonetheless (0.8 PNCA vs 0.3 COI, P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the frequency of adverse events or methadone use.ConclusionResults suggest PNCA may be a feasible and effective alternative to COI for pain management in postsurgical infants in the NICU. Results also suggest PNCA may provide more individualized care for this vulnerable population and in doing so, may potentially reduce opioid consumption; however, more studies are needed.
Retrospective audit of unplanned admissions to pediatric high dependency and intensive care after surgery
Authors: Gibson Alexander R. , Limb James , Bell Graham 
Published: January 2014

SummaryBackgroundUnplanned admissions to intensive care after surgery are a recommended clinical indicator of patient safety in the perioperative period and are validated to reflect both surgical and anesthesia‐related complications.ObjectivesTo determine the rate and reasons for unplanned admissions to high dependency (HDU) and pediatric intensive care (PICU) following noncardiac surgery.MethodsData, including diagnosis, operation, and history of presenting complaint, were retrieved from electronic HDU and PICU data and hospital records for a 5‐year period. All cases were individually reviewed by two pediatric anesthetists to identify unplanned admissions along with their urgency, source, and cause.ResultsDuring the study period, 53 876 procedures were performed resulting in 319 unplanned admissions to HDU/PICU, a rate of 0.6%. Of these, 108 (34%) were related to complications of anesthesia. The rate of unplanned admission to HDU/PICU secondary to a complication of anesthesia was therefore 0.2%. Emergency procedures and procedures involving a shared airway were particular risk factors for admission.ConclusionThe rate of unplanned admission to HDU/PICU is low and is comparable to previously published data. The high number of admissions following procedures involving a shared airway may represent patient‐related factors and the case mix at this hospital. However, such a finding has prompted a combined ENT and anesthetic review of the care pathway for children with problems following airway instrumentation.
Causal Closure, Causal Exclusion, and Supervenience Physicalism
Authors: Morris Kevin 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis article considers the recent defense of the supervenience approach to physicalism due to Jaegwon Kim. Kim argues that supervenience supports physical causal closure, and that causal closure supports physicalism – indeed, a kind of reductive physicalism – and thus that supervenience suffices for physicalism. After laying out Kim's argument, I ask whether its success would truly vindicate the role of supervenience in defining physicalist positions. I argue that it would not, and that insofar as Kim's defense of supervenience physicalism succeeds, it does so by showing that supervenience physicalism is not a unique, nonredundant way to be a physicalist.
Spinoza's PSR as a Principle of Clear and Distinct Representation
Authors: Schneider Daniel 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIt is argued first, that Spinoza's Principle of Sufficient Reason (PSR) is best seen as an auxiliary premise and not as an axiom of the Ethics; second, that Spinoza held the PSR to be a self‐evident truth that indicates a necessary condition for clearly and distinctly representing the existence or non‐existence of a thing; and third, that this interpretation of Spinoza's PSR explains the near absence of the PSR within the demonstrations of the Ethics as well as the importance of the principle in Spinoza's thought.