bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poor outcome associated with symptomatic deterioration among help‐seeking individuals at risk for psychosis: a naturalistic follow‐up study
Authors: Morita Keiko , Kobayashi Hiroyuki , Takeshi Kiyoaki , Tsujino Naohisa , Nemoto Takahiro , Mizuno Masafumi 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimsIt remains debatable whether early intervention for psychosis is capable of meeting the needs of at‐risk subjects. The aims of this study were to describe the actual impact of interventions on subjective difficulties and to explore the factors that may be associated with a poor outcome.MethodsParticipants were help‐seeking outpatients at a university hospital who met the Criteria of Prodromal Syndromes. Changes in the symptoms, subjective experience and current insight were assessed using the Scales of Prodromal Symptoms, the Subjective Well‐being under Neuroleptics, and the Scale to Assess Unawareness of Mental Disorder, respectively. Global functioning, social functioning and subjective quality of life were evaluated using the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale, the Social Functioning Scale, and the WHO‐Quality of Life 26, respectively. These measures were assessed both at baseline and after 1 year.ResultsForty‐six patients agreed to participate. Of the 27 patients who completed the reassessment at the follow‐up point, 13 patients (48%) showed little improvement in their positive/negative symptoms, subjective well‐being or awareness of their symptoms. Additionally, less severe negative symptoms, more severe general symptoms and lower subjective well‐being at baseline significantly predicted a deterioration of positive/negative symptoms after 1 year.ConclusionOur findings suggest that the current strategy for reducing psychosis risk based on positive symptoms should be reappraised.
Health‐related quality of life among adolescents: a comparison between subjects at risk for psychosis and other help seekers
Authors: Granö Niklas , Karjalainen Marjaana , Edlund Virve , Saari Erkki , Itkonen Arja , Anto Jukka , Roine Mikko 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimSchizophrenia is a severe illness associated with poor health‐related quality of life (HRQoL), and there is some evidence that a risk state for psychosis is associated with decreased HRQoL. The aim of the present study was to investigate group differences in HRQoL in help seekers at risk for psychosis and not at risk for psychosis.MethodsThe data were collected by a Finnish early detection and intervention team at Helsinki University Central Hospital. A total of 202 help‐seeking adolescents (110 girls, 92 boys; 11–22 years of age) were assessed with a PROD screen and HRQoL scale of 16D.ResultsAs the main result, subjects at risk for psychosis had a poorer HRQoL index than other help seekers (P < 0.001). An additional analysis of sub‐items for the HRQoL at‐risk group had poorer mean scores at a statistically significant level after Bonferroni correction for multiple tests in the following sub‐items: vitality (P = 0.016), distress (P = 0.016), physical appearance (P < 0.001), school and hobbies (P = 0.016), friends (P = 0.048), mental function (P < 0.001) and depression (P < 0.001). In a logistic regression analysis of sub‐items of the HRQoL scale, lower scores in the sub‐item of mental function independently explained the at‐risk status for psychosis (P = 0.009).ConclusionsAdolescents at risk for psychosis have a poorer HRQoL index than other help seekers and they also differ in several sub‐items, particularly in the lower scores in mental function. In the future, these findings should be considered in the care of adolescents at risk for psychosis.
Patients' and neurologists' perception of epilepsy and psychogenic nonepileptic seizures
Authors: Whitehead Kimberley , Kandler Rosalind , Reuber Markus 
Published: January 2013

SummaryPurposeAlthough differences in illness perceptions between neurologists and patients with epilepsy or psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) are likely to be clinically relevant, this is the first study to attempt a direct comparison. In addition, this study compares the illness perceptions of patients with epilepsy with those of patients with PNES.MethodsThirty‐four patients with epilepsy, 40 patients with PNES, and 45 neurologists were recruited. All patient participants completed versions of the illness perception questionnaire revised (IPQ‐R) adapted for epileptic or nonepileptic seizure disorders, single‐item symptom attribution question (SAQ), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Quality of Life in Epilepsy‐31 (QOLIE‐31), and Liverpool Seizure Severity Scale (LSSS). Participating neurologists completed two versions of the IPQ‐R and two SAQs for epileptic and nonepileptic seizure disorders.Key FindingsDifferences in illness perceptions between patients with epilepsy and patients with PNES were minor compared to those between patients with either seizure disorder and neurologists. Neurologists considered both seizure disorders more treatable and more amenable to personal control than did the patients themselves. Neurologists had much more polarized views of the etiology of both conditions; whereas patients mostly considered the causes of their seizure disorders as partially “physical” and partially “psychological,” neurologists perceived epilepsy as an essentially “physical” and PNES as a clearly “psychological” problem.SignificanceThere are considerable differences between the illness perceptions of patients with seizure disorders and their doctors, which could represent barriers to successful clinical management. In particular, a discrepancy between neurologists' and patients' beliefs about the personal control that patients may be able to exert over PNES could contribute to the confusion or anger some patients report after the diagnosis has been explained to them. Furthermore, patients' endorsement of “physical” causes for PNES may reflect an unrealistic faith in the effectiveness of “physical” treatments and could be a cause of tension in patients' relationship with their doctor, for instance when the neurologist attempts to withdraw antiepileptic drug treatment or refers patients for psychological interventions.
Genomic and environmental selection patterns in two distinct lettuce crop–wild hybrid crosses
Authors: Hartman Yorike , Uwimana Brigitte , Hooftman Danny A. P. , Schranz Michael E. , van de Wiel Clemens C. M. , Smulders Marinus J. M. , Visser Richard G. F. , van Tienderen Peter H. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractGenomic selection patterns and hybrid performance influence the chance that crop (trans)genes can spread to wild relatives. We measured fitness(‐related) traits in two different field environments employing two different crop–wild crosses of lettuce. We performed quantitative trait loci (QTL) analyses and estimated the fitness distribution of early‐ and late‐generation hybrids. We detected consistent results across field sites and crosses for a fitness QTL at linkage group 7, where a selective advantage was conferred by the wild allele. Two fitness QTL were detected on linkage group 5 and 6, which were unique to one of the crop–wild crosses. Average hybrid fitness was lower than the fitness of the wild parent, but several hybrid lineages outperformed the wild parent, especially in a novel habitat for the wild type. In early‐generation hybrids, this may partly be due to heterosis effects, whereas in late‐generation hybrids transgressive segregation played a major role. The study of genomic selection patterns can identify crop genomic regions under negative selection across multiple environments and cultivar–wild crosses that might be applicable in transgene mitigation strategies. At the same time, results were cultivar‐specific, so that a case‐by‐case environmental risk assessment is still necessary, decreasing its general applicability.
Micellar liquid chromatographic determination of arbutin and hydroquinone in medicinal plant extracts and commercial cosmetic products
Authors: Thogchai W. , Liawruangrath B. 
Published: January 2013

SynopsisA simple micellar liquid chromatographic (MLC) procedure for simultaneous determination of arbutin and hydroquinone in medicinal plant extracts and commercial cosmetic products was proposed. This method was developed and validated. The chromatographic conditions were also optimized. All analyses were performed at room temperature in an isocratic mode, using a mixture of 1% (v/v) acetonitrile and 0.006 mol L−1 Brij 35 (pH 6.0) as a mobile phase. The flow rate was set at 1.0 mL min−1. The analytical column was a 150 × 3.9 mm Nova‐Pak C‐18 column. The effluent from the analytical column was monitored by UV detection at 280 nm. Under the optimum conditions, arbutin and hydroquinone could be determined within a concentration range of 2–50 μg mL−1 of arbutin, and hydroquinone was obtained with the regression equations; y = 0.045x + 0.042 (r2 = 0.9923) and y = 0.091x + 0.050 (r2 = 0.9930) respectively. The limits of detection were found to be 0.51 μg mL−1 and 0.37 μg mL−1 for arbutin and hydroquinone respectively. The proposed MLC method was applied for the determination of arbutin and hydroquinone contents in medicinal plant extracts and commercial cosmetic products. This proposed MLC method is thus suitable for routine analysis of arbutin and hydroquinone in the pharmaceutical formulations, cosmetic products and raw medicinal plant extracts.
Toll‐like receptor‐mediated eosinophil–basophil differentiation: autocrine signalling by granulocyte–macrophage colony‐stimulating factor in cord blood haematopoietic progenitors
Authors: Reece Pia , Baatjes Adrian J. , Cyr Michael M. , Sehmi Roma , Denburg Judah A. 
Published: January 2013

SummaryEosinophils are multi‐functional leucocytes that play a role in inflammatory processes including allergy and infection. Although bone marrow (BM) inflammatory cells are the main source of eosinophil‐basophil (Eo/B) differentiation‐inducing cytokines, a recent role has been demonstrated for cytokine induction through Toll‐like receptor (TLR)‐mediated signalling in BM progenitors. Having previously demonstrated that cord blood (CB) progenitors induce Eo/B colony‐forming units (CFU) after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, we sought to investigate the intracellular mechanisms by which LPS induces Eo/B differentiation. Freshly isolated CD34‐enriched human CB cells were stimulated with LPS (and/or pharmacological inhibitors) and assessed for alterations in haematopoietic cytokine receptor expression and signalling pathways by flow cytometry, Eo/B CFU in methylcellulose cultures, and cytokine secretion using Luminex assays. The LPS stimulation resulted in a significant increase in granulocyte–macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF)‐responsive, as opposed to interleukin‐5‐responsive, Eo/B CFU, which also correlated with significant increases in CD34+ cell GM‐CSFRα expression. Functionally, CB CD34+ cells secrete abundant amounts of GM‐CSF following LPS stimulation, via a p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK)‐dependent mechanism; this secretion was responsible for Eo/B CFU formation ex vivo, as shown by antibody blockade. We show for the first time that LPS stimulation of CB progenitor cells results in autocrine activation of p38 MAPK‐dependent GM‐CSF secretion facilitating Eo/B differentiation ex vivo. This work provides evidence that early life exposure to products of bacterial agents can modulate Eo/B differentiation, representing a novel mechanism by which progenitor cells can respond to microbial stimuli and so affect immune and inflammatory responses.
Higher extinction rates of dasyurids on Australo‐Papuan continental shelf islands and the zoogeography of New Guinea mammals
Authors: Lavery Tyrone H. , Fisher Diana O. , Flannery Tim F. , Leung Luke K.‐P. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimContemporary patterns of mammalian species richness on islands are influenced by well‐understood biogeographical variables. Whether or not mammalian orders differ in their rates of persistence, however, remains uncertain. Our aims were to assess the persistence of four mammalian orders on Australo‐Papuan continental shelf islands in relation to the faunas within adjacent zoogeographic provinces. We also aimed to define New Guinea's mammalian zoogeographic provinces quantitatively.LocationNew Guinea and 274 Australo‐Papuan continental shelf islands.MethodsWe compiled 4194 distributional records for 264 of New Guinea's native mammals. Records were allocated to existing mapped bioregions. We used cluster analysis to allocate bioregions to zoogeographic provinces. Using generalized linear models, we determined the persistence of insular mammals as proportions of the species present within adjacent zoogeographic provinces. Persistence rates were calculated for four major orders (Dasyuromorphia, Diprotodontia, Peramelemorphia and Rodentia).ResultsThe classification dendrogram grouped New Guinea's bioregions into three areas corresponding to the Oceanic, Tumbanan and Austral provinces. In all but two zoogeographic provinces, the proportions of Dasyuromorphia persisting on islands were lower than other orders. Overall, species of Dasyuromorphia were much less likely to persist on Australo‐Papuan continental shelf islands.Main conclusionsUnlike the other orders considered, dasyuromorphs are carnivorous and insectivorous and require large home ranges relative to body size. We suggest that the resulting low population densities might expose species in this order to higher rates of extinction on islands. Translocations of threatened mammals to predator‐free islands are common, but our results suggest that insurance populations of threatened dasyurids on small islands may be less secure than translocations of other taxa. Our results support calls for insurance populations of the rapidly declining dasyurid, the Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii), to be established on mainland Australia rather than on islands alone.
Psychiatric outcomes at age seven for very preterm children: rates and predictors
Authors: Treyvaud Karli , Ure Alexandra , Doyle Lex W , Lee Katherine J , Rogers Cynthia E , Kidokoro Hiroyuki , Inder Terrie E , Anderson Peter J 
Published: January 2013

Background:  Uncertainty remains about the rate of specific psychiatric disorders and associated predictive factors for very preterm (VPT) children. The aims of this study were to document rates of psychiatric disorders in VPT children aged 7 years compared with term born children, and to examine potential predictive factors for psychiatric diagnoses in VPT children.Methods:  Participants were 177 VPT and 65 term born children. Perinatal medical data were collected, which included brain abnormalities detected using magnetic resonance imaging. The Infant‐Toddler Social‐Emotional Assessment (ITSEA) and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) were administered at 2 and 5 years respectively. At 7 years of age, the Developmental and Well‐being Assessment (DAWBA) was used to indicate psychiatric diagnoses.Results:  Compared with term born children, VPT children had three times the odds of meeting criteria for any psychiatric diagnosis at age 7 years (odds ratio 3.03; 95% confidence interval 1.23, 7.47, p = .02). The most common diagnoses were anxiety disorders (11% VPT, 8% term), attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (10% VPT, 3% term) and autism spectrum disorder (4.5% VPT, 0% term). For VPT children, those with severe global brain abnormalities (p = .02), those who displayed social‐emotional problems at age 5 (p = .000) and those with higher social risk at age 7 (p = .001) were more likely to meet criteria for a psychiatric illness at age 7.Conclusions: Compared with term born children, VPT children have higher rates of psychiatric diagnoses at early school age, predicted by neonatal brain abnormalities, prior social‐emotional problems and social factors.
Description of Glaucomides bromelicola n. gen., n. sp. (Ciliophora, Tetrahymenida), a Macrostome Forming Inhabitant of Bromeliads (Bromeliaceae), Including Redescriptions of Glaucoma scintillans and G. reniformis
Authors: Foissner Wilhelm 
Published: January 2013

AbstractGlaucomides bromelicola n. gen., n. sp. is a tetrahymenid ciliate common in tank bromeliads of Central and South America. The new genus is characterized by having a kinety fragment along the left mouth margin, an unciliated dorsolateral area, a tetrahymenid silverline pattern, and the ability to produce macrostomes when bacterial food is depleted. I provide a detailed description of the microstome and the macrostome morph, using several morphological methods. This showed that G. bromelicola does not belong to the Glaucomidae, but to the Bromeliophryidae. However, various morphological traits are highly similar to those of Glaucoma reniformis and G. scintillans, which are thus redescribed and compared with G. bromelicola. Most differences are inconspicuous, showing that new tetrahymenids must be described very carefully. The morphological and molecular data suggest a common ancestor for Glaucoma and Glaucomides, both performing their own radiation, the former in ordinary limnetic habitats, the latter in tank bromeliads.
Nanometres‐resolution Kikuchi patterns from materials science specimens with transmission electron forward scatter diffraction in the scanning electron microscope
Authors: BRODUSCH N. , DEMERS H. , GAUVIN R. 
Published: January 2013

SummaryA charge‐coupled device camera of an electron backscattered diffraction system in a scanning electron microscope was positioned below a thin specimen and transmission Kikuchi patterns were collected. Contrary to electron backscattered diffraction, transmission electron forward scatter diffraction provides phase identification and orientation mapping at the nanoscale. The minimum Pd particle size for which a Kikuchi diffraction pattern was detected and indexed reliably was 5.6 nm. An orientation mapping resolution of 5 nm was measured at 30 kV. The resolution obtained with transmission electron forward scatter diffraction was of the same order of magnitude than that reported in electron nanodiffraction in the transmission electron microscope. An energy dispersive spectrometer X‐ray map and a transmission electron forward scatter diffraction orientation map were acquired simultaneously. The high‐resolution chemical, phase and orientation maps provided at once information on the chemical form, orientation and coherency of precipitates in an aluminium–lithium 2099 alloy.
Opportunity Evaluation as Rule‐Based Decision Making
Authors: Wood Matthew S. , Williams David W. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe draw from cognitive science literature on rule‐based thinking to develop and empirically test a theoretical framework of entrepreneurial opportunity evaluation. We argue that entrepreneurs make use of socially constructed rules to discern the attractiveness of an opportunity, for them, specifically. Using conjoint analysis data of 498 decisions made by 62 entrepreneurs, we find that entrepreneurs' use of rules regarding opportunity novelty, resource efficiency, and worst‐case scenario significantly influences entrepreneurs' evaluations of opportunities and that individual differences in opportunity market and technology knowledge augment the effect of the rules on opportunity attractiveness. Additionally, we document that the worst‐case scenario diminishes the positive effect of other rule criteria (e.g. novelty, resource efficiency) on opportunity evaluation and that market and technology knowledge further influence the negative effects of the worst‐case scenario.
Collaborative School‐Based Obesity Interventions: Lessons Learned From 6 Southern Districts
Authors: Jain Anjali , Langwith Casey 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDAlthough studies have shown that school‐based obesity interventions can be effective, little is known about how to translate and implement programs into real‐world school settings.METHODSSemistructured interviews were conducted in spring 2012 with 19 key informants who participated in a multifaceted childhood obesity intervention involving school nurses and wellness coordinators in 6 school districts and over 100 schools.RESULTSThe intervention changed form according to the needs and interests of the school districts. Despite funding support, schools and nurses had little capacity to address childhood obesity without the help of the coordinator. Initiating programs at the beginning of the school year was particularly difficult for schools. Applying for grants from internal and external sources and assisting with planning and logistics for wellness activities were significant activities of the coordinator. Although some school personnel and families preferred a focus on wellness rather than obesity, those working with individual at‐risk children and families found the experience especially gratifying.CONCLUSIONSIn contrast to controlled studies, real‐world implementation of obesity interventions in schools that are intended to create sustained change requires flexibility in intervention design, timing, and personnel. A single change agent focused on obesity‐related activities was essential to success.
Evidence for Heritability of Adult Men's Sexual Interest in Youth Under Age 16 from a Population-Based Extended Twin Design
Authors: Alanko Katarina , Salo Benny , Mokros Andreas , Santtila Pekka 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Sexual interest in children resembles sexual gender orientation in terms of early onset and stability across the life span. Although a genetic component to sexual interest in children seems possible, no research has addressed this question to date. Prior research showing familial transmission of pedophilia remains inconclusive about shared environmental or genetic factors. Studies from the domains of sexual orientation and sexually problematic behavior among children pointed toward genetic components. Adult men's sexual interest in youthfulness-related cues may be genetically influenced.

Aim
The aim of the present study was to test whether male sexual interest in children and youth under age 16 involves a heritable component.

Main Outcome Measures
The main outcome measure was responses in a confidential survey concerning sexual interest, fantasies, or activity pertaining to children under the age of 16 years during the previous 12 months.

Methods
The present study used an extended family design within behavioral genetic modeling to estimate the contributions of genetic and environmental factors in the occurrence of adult men's sexual interest in children and youth under age 16. Participants were male twins and their male siblings from a population-based Finnish cohort sample aged 21–43 years (N = 3,967).

Results
The incidence of sexual interest in children under age was 3%. Twin correlations were higher for monozygotic than for dizygotic twins. Behavioral genetic model fitting indicated that a model including genetic effects as well as nonshared environmental influences (including measurement error), but not common environmental influences, fits the data best. The amount of variance attributable to nonadditive genetic influences (heritability) was estimated at 14.6%.

Conclusions
The present study provides the first indication that genetic influences may play a role in shaping sexual interest toward children and adolescents among adult men. Compared with the variance attributable to nonshared environmental effects (plus measurement error), the contribution of any genetic factors seems comparatively weak. Future research should address the possible interplay of genetic with environmental risk factors, such as own sexual victimization in childhood.