bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SPX1 is a phosphate-dependent inhibitor of PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE 1 in
Arabidopsis
Authors: Puga María Isabel , Mateos Isabel , Charukesi Rajulu , Wang Zhiye , Franco-Zorrilla José M. , de Lorenzo Laura , Irigoyen María L. , Masiero Simona , Bustos Regla , Rodríguez José , Leyva Antonio , Rubio Vicente , Sommer Hans , Paz-Ares Javier 
Published: October 2014

Significance
When P levels are low, plants activate an array of adaptive responses to increase efficient acquisition and use of phosphate (Pi), the form in which P is preferentially absorbed, and to protect themselves from Pi starvation stress. Considerable progress has been made recently in dissecting the plant Pi starvation signaling pathway. Nonetheless, little is known as to how Pi levels are perceived by plants. Here, we identify the nuclear protein SPX1 as a Pi-dependent inhibitor of DNA binding by PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE 1 (PHR1), a master regulator of Pi starvation responses. We show that the Pi dependence of SPX1 inhibition of PHR1 activity can be recreated in vitro using purified proteins, which indicates that the SPX1/PHR1 module links Pi sensing and signaling.
Seriniquinone, a selective anticancer agent, induces cell death by autophagocytosis, targeting the cancer-protective protein dermcidin
Authors: Trzoss Lynnie , Fukuda Takashi , Costa-Lotufo Letícia V. , Jimenez Paula , La Clair James J. , Fenical William 
Published: October 2014

Significance
The advance of new clinical treatment options for cancer relies heavily on the discovery of chemotherapeutic agents with new modes of action. In this paper, we describe the discovery of a potent melanoma-selective agent, seriniquinone, and elucidate its targeting of dermcidin and dermcidin-conjugated proteins within tumor cells. Early evidence indicates a direct correlation between seriniquinone activity and the levels of dermcidin within an ascribed tumor cell line, therein suggesting not only a unique target and avenue for further therapeutic exploration but also, and perhaps more importantly, revealing that dermcidin that may play a dual role as a diagnostic patient preselection biomarker and a drug target.
Species formation by host shifting in avian malaria parasites
Authors: Ricklefs Robert E. , Outlaw Diana C. , Svensson-Coelho Maria , Medeiros Matthew C. I. , Ellis Vincenzo A. , Latta Steven 
Published: October 2014

SignificanceEmerging infectious diseases pose threats to humans and livestock, but little is known about the general propensity of parasitic organisms to shift between hosts or the role of host shifting in the diversification of parasite lineages. The malaria parasites of contemporary vertebrate species descended from a common ancestor, likely after the diversification of their major host taxa, requiring rapid speciation and shifting between hosts across large host–taxonomic distances. Examination of sister lineages of avian malaria parasites in the New World suggests that such host shifting is common and often leads to the origin of new evolutionary lineages of parasites.
Implications of Health Care Reform for Farm Businesses and Families
Authors: Ahearn Mary Clare , Williamson James M. , Black Nyesha 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe Affordable Care Act has implications for the source of health insurance for farm households and potentially how much of their time they allocate to off‐farm jobs and even the rate at which new operators enter farming. The Act will likely have impacts for the 1% of farms defined to be large employers, which are required to provide coverage for their workers or pay a penalty. While a very small share of all farms, they account for upward of 40% of the production for some commodities. How they adjust their use of farm labor in response to the Affordable Care Act has implications for farm structure.
First Report of Tomato zonate spot virus in Iris tectorum in China
Authors: Liu Y. , Huang C. J. , Tao X. R. , Yu H. Q. 
Published: October 2014

Iris tectorum Maxim, a very popular Chinese traditional medicinal perennial herb belonging to the Iridaceae family, is widely grown as a year-round ornamental in China. During May to August 2014, as part of a survey for tospoviruses (family Bunyaviridae) in flue-cured tobacco, symptoms suspected to be caused by tospoviruses were observed on I. tectorum around farmers' fields in Kunming, Yunnan province. Symptoms were chlorotic spots on younger leaves and necrosis on older leaves. Since Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and Tomato zonate spot virus (TZSV) are two common tospoviruses in flue-cured tobacco fields in Yunnan, ELISA with monoclonal TSWV antibody (provided by J. X. Wu, Zhejiang University, China) and polyclonal TZSV antiserum (provided by J. H. Dong, Yunnan Academy of Agriculture Science, China) was performed to identify the presence of virus. Positive extinction values (ODλ405nm 0.835 ± 0.121 and 1.024 ± 0.193, as compared with the negative 0.153 ± 0.076 and the positive control 0.510 ± 0.109 at a confidence interval of P ≤ 0.05) were obtained from two symptomatic samples with TZSV antibody but not with TSWV. The absence of TSWV was confirmed with a commercially available immune-strip (Agdia, Elkhart, IN), following the manufacturer's instructions. To further verify the causal agent of these symptoms, total RNA was isolated from two symptomatic and one asymptomatic samples and reverse transcribed using degenerate primer J13 (1). These cDNAs were then used as a template in a universal PCR assay using specific primers TZSVNF (5′-ATGTCTAACGTCCGGAGTTTAACAC-3′) and TZSVNR (5′-TTAAAAAGACAGATCATTGCTG-3′), which amplify the complete nucleocapsid (N) protein. The PCR was carried out for denaturation at 94°C for 3 min, and subsequently 30 cycles were carried out, with each cycle consisting of 94°C for 45 s, 55°C for 45 s, and 72°C for 1 min, followed by a final extension step at 72°C for 10 min. An 0.8-Kb DNA fragment was amplified from symptomatic samples and cloned into a pGEM-T Easy (Promega, Madison, WI) vector. Three clones of each sample were selected and sequenced. BLAST analysis of the obtained sequences (Accession Nos. KM452916 and KM452917) revealed that the N sequences of these isolates have 96 to 99% nucleotide identity and 99 to 100% amino acid identity with the deposit TZSV sequence in NCBI from Yunnan (JN116580 to JN116583 and EF552433) (2). These combined results provide further confirmation of TZSV infection. It is known that perennial herb or ornamental plants may act as reservoirs for tospoviruses that can infect cultivated crops because tospoviruses have a very broad host range. Therefore, elaborate inspections for tospoviruses and appropriate management strategies to limit virus spread are necessary for production of crops. To our knowledge, this is the first report of TZSV in I. tectorum Maxim. References: (1) I. Cortez et al. Arch Virol. 146:265, 2001. (2) J. Dong et al. Arch Virol. 153:855, 2008.
The role of standing variation in geographic convergent adaptation
Authors: Ralph Peter L. , Coop Graham 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe extent to which populations experiencing shared selective pressures adapt through a shared genetic response is relevant to many questions in evolutionary biology. In a number of well studied traits and species, it appears that convergent evolution within species is common. In this paper, we explore how standing, genetic variation contributes to convergent genetic responses in a geographically spread population, extending our previous work on the topic. Geographically limited dispersal slows the spread of each selected allele, hence allowing other alleles – newly arisen mutants or present as standing variation – to spread before any one comes to dominate the population. When such alleles meet, their progress is substantially slowed – if the alleles are selectively equivalent, they mix slowly, dividing the species range into a random tessellation, which can be well understood by analogy to a Poisson process model of crystallization. In this framework, we derive the geographic scale over which a typical allele is expected to dominate, the time it takes the species to adapt as a whole, and the proportion of adaptive alleles that arise from standing variation. Finally, we explore how negative pleiotropic effects of alleles before an environment change can bias the subset of alleles that contribute to the species’ adaptive response. We apply the results to the many geographically localized G6PD deficiency alleles thought to confer resistance to malaria, where the large mutational target size makes it a likely candidate for adaptation from standing variation, despite the selective cost of G6PD deficiency alleles in the absence of malaria. We find the numbers and geographic spread of these alleles matches our predictions reasonably well, consistent with the view that they arose from a combination of standing variation and new mutations since the advent of malaria. Our results suggest that much of adaptation may be geographically local even when selection pressures are homogeneous. Therefore, we argue that caution must be exercised when arguing that strongly geographically restricted alleles are necessarily the outcome of local adaptation. We close by discussing the implications of these results for ideas of species coherence and the nature of divergence between species.
Analysis of geographic patterns of molecular, morphological, and bioclimatic variation to evaluate hypotheses of species boundaries in the South American montane genusEscallonia(Escalloniaceae)
Authors: Zapata Felipe 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTEscalloniais a morphologically and ecologically diverse clade of shrubs and small trees widely distributed in three hotspots of plant diversity. Previous studies suggested that extant species may have radiated rapidly and/or recently resulting in complex patterns of molecular variation across this genus. This result is apparently mirrored in morphology because species also display complex and overlapping patterns of morphological variation. Taken together, these patterns call into question the identity of all species withinEscallonia. To evaluate the currently proposed hypotheses of species boundaries, I used molecular, morphological, and bioclimatic a data for 35 species and assessed three species criteria: genealogical exclusivity, morphological gaps, and climatic niche differences. Interpreting these data in the context of species as segments of evolutionary lineages, I provide evidence that most species (ca. 70%) withinEscalloniarepresent distinct species on independent evolutionary trajectories. Instead of rejecting the current hypotheses of species limit, I argue for taxonomic stability as it provides a useful framework for studies aiming to understand the mechanisms driving the origin and evolution of species in hotspots of biodiversity.
Capturing Arabidopsis Root Architecture Dynamics withroot-fitReveals Diversity in Responses to Salinity
Authors: Julkowska Magdalena M. , Hoefsloot Huub C.J. , Mol Selena , Feron Richard , de Boer Gert-Jan , Haring Michel A. , Testerink Christa 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe plant root is the first organ to encounter salinity stress, but the effect of salinity on root system architecture (RSA) remains elusive. Both the reduction in main root (MR) elongation and the redistribution of the root mass between MRs and lateral roots (LRs) are likely to play crucial roles in water extraction efficiency and ion exclusion. To establish which RSA parameters are responsive to salt stress, we performed a detailed time course experiment in which Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings were grown on agar plates under different salt stress conditions. We captured RSA dynamics with quadratic growth functions (root-fit) and summarized the salt-induced differences in RSA dynamics in three growth parameters: MR elongation, average LR elongation, and increase in number of LRs. In the ecotype Columbia-0 accession of Arabidopsis, salt stress affected MR elongation more severely than LR elongation and an increase in LRs, leading to a significantly altered RSA. By quantifying RSA dynamics of 31 different Arabidopsis accessions in control and mild salt stress conditions, different strategies for regulation of MR and LR meristems and root branching were revealed. Different RSA strategies partially correlated with natural variation in abscisic acid sensitivity and different Na+/K+ ratios in shoots of seedlings grown under mild salt stress. Applying root-fit to describe the dynamics of RSA allowed us to uncover the natural diversity in root morphology and cluster it into four response types that otherwise would have been overlooked.
Curbing police corruption in Singapore: lessons for other Asian countries
Authors: S.T. Quah Jon 
Published: October 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explain why Singapore has succeeded in curbing the problem of police corruption and to identify the six lessons which other Asian countries can learn from Singapore's experience.Design/methodology/approach– The paper analyzes the causes of police corruption in Singapore during the British colonial period and describes the measures adopted by the People's Action Party government after assuming office in June 1959 to curb police corruption. The effectiveness of these measures is assessed by referring to Singapore's perceived extent of corruption according to three international indicators and the reported cases of police corruption from 1965 to 2011.Findings– The Singapore Police Force has succeeded in minimizing police corruption by improving salaries and working conditions, cooperating with the Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau, enhancing its recruitment and selection procedures, providing training and values education for its members, and adopting administrative measures to reduce the opportunities for corruption. Other Asian countries afflicted with rampant police corruption can learn six lessons from Singapore's success.Originality/value– This paper will be of interest to those policy makers, scholars, and anti-corruption practitioners, who are interested in learning how Singapore has succeeded in curbing police corruption.
Political change and institutional reform of Macao police forces
Authors: Kwong Bruce 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to study the institutional reform of policing in Macao.

Design/methodology/approach
– This study includes both comparative analysis and interviews.

Findings
– Macao's policing remains a case study demonstrating incomplete reforms, organizational fragmentations, and retains the legacy of colonialism.

Originality value
– This is an original study of Macao's police forces.
Developing an innovative materials enterprise in China: a nanotechnology small business case study
Authors: Tang Li , Shapira Philip , Meng Yu 
Published: October 2014

Purpose– This paper aims to explore pathways and issues of small business technological commercialization in China, probing the particular characteristics of the Chinese context and the ways in which innovation frameworks, institutions and business strategies are embedded.Design/methodology/approach– The authors examine in detail the case of an innovative Chinese indigenous small firm engaged in innovative nanotechnology materials development. The strategies and push- and pull factors underlying the company’s innovation practices were investigated. The proposition that the institutional relationships formed to secure access to research expertise and aid business survival also influence the ways in which technology is commercialized was explored.Findings– It was found that while technological development is company-driven, it is also highly connected to regional innovation structures and networks. This stimulates a “spin-in” rather than a university-led model of development, as this small firm embeds its technology and business development strategies in conjunction with partner organizations. Broader management and policy implications are discussed.Originality/value– While China has rapidly expanded scientific research in emerging technologies such as nanotechnology, commercialization through the development of entrepreneurial technology-oriented small companies faces a series of challenges. New enterprises in the emerging area of nanotechnology encounter problems of technology transfer and intellectual property management, capital acquisition, market uncertainty and constrained access to global markets.
New ventures, product innovation and business intermediaries
Authors: Wu Aiqi , Li Shengxiao , Wang Huafeng 
Published: October 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) intermediary ties on new ventures’ product innovation. Product innovation is a critical strategy for new ventures’ survival and growth. However, as a result of smallness and newness, new ventures usually face considerable difficulties in product innovation and require support to help their innovation search and innovation activities.Design/methodology/approach– A questionnaire survey of 145 Chinese new ventures is used to test presented hypotheses empirically.Findings– This study finds that the intensity of KIBS intermediary ties has a positive influence on innovation, while the diversity of KIBS intermediary ties has no influence on new ventures’ product innovation. Moreover, the relationship between the intensity of KIBS intermediary ties and new ventures’ product innovation is moderated by the degree of their international venturing and ties with other firms.Originality/value– This study enriches understanding of the important roles of KIBS intermediary ties on new ventures’ product innovation.
Decoding the strike at Bajaj Auto's Chakan plant: a negotiator's framework
Authors: Jain Kamal K. 
Published: October 2014

Subject area
Negotiation, Human Resource Management.

Study level/applicability
Graduate and post graduate level course in Human Resource Management, Industrial Relations, and Negotiation.

Case overview
The present case unfolds sequence of events in the wake of collective bargaining between the union and the management of Bajaj Auto for settling the issue of wage revision. Since no agreement could be reached between both the parties, the workers' union called for a strike. This was the first case of strike in the plant in its 16 years of existence. Bajaj Auto is India's second-largest motorcycle manufacturer in the country, having its manufacturing plants at Chakan (Pune, Maharashtra), Pantnagar (Uttrakhand), Waluj in Aurangabad, Maharashtra. The Chakan plant, set up in 1999, has an installed capacity of over 3,000 units a day. The present case relates to workers' strike at its Chakan Plant which lasted for more than 50 days. The case is analysed from the negotiation point of view.

Expected learning outcomes
To understand basic principles/rules of negotiation; to explain the framework that can be used to assess the relative strength of power of the parties involved in negotiation; and to understand various power moves used by parties involved in negotiation.

Supplementary materials
Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.
Performance appraisal powers growth at Havell’s India
Authors: Rana Geeta 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– This paper aims to explores the development of a new performance-appraisal system that has enabled Havell’s, one of India’s largest and fastest-growing electrical and power-distribution-equipment manufacturers, to identify and invest in talented people early to build their skills.

Design/methodology/approach
– A wide range of performance-appraisal issues has been examined.

Findings
– This paper reveals that appraisals are plotted on a performance matrix tool that not only evaluates the “what” of performance but also the “how”. The system provides feedback from superior, peer group and subordinates. Assessment on potential is communicated transparently to all employees for building the competencies linked to successful performance.

Practical implications
– It is suggested that organizations should develop a transparent performance-management system to bring out the best in people.

Social implications
– This paper argues that, if performance-appraisal practices are effectively managed and successfully deployed, they could increase the long-term satisfaction of employees.

Originality/value
– This paper provides plenty of useful information about an important issue.
Short-term fixes fall short when it comes to keeping the best employees
Authors: P. Bandura Randall , R. Lyons Paul 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– This paper aims to review information and research concerning the retention of employees; considers the costs of retention, job satisfaction and retention, data and trends; and offers advice on retention policy.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper examines a large sample of recent research and opinion. It summarizes information that could help human resource (HR) specialists.

Findings
– This paper advances the view that much empirical research about employee retention is situation-specific and that this compromises the generalization of research findings. It argues, however, that there are much reported data and statistics that give indications of why employees leave or stay with an organization and that this information may help to guide HR specialists.

Practical implications
– This paper advises that organizations develop detailed strategies for clearly identifying staffing needs and building a pipeline of job candidates for the short-term and beyond. Clear approaches to keeping employees informed about how their performance contributes to organizational objectives should be developed. Employers should account for turnover costs when considering the cost of compensation adequate for acceptable retention.

Social implications
– This paper advises HR specialists to think more about future skills and how to meet projected needs.

Originality/value
– This paper summarizes recent research and opinion on employee retention that is not readily available in other sources and that may help to guide practice and policy development.
Learning by doing: using ePortfolios for assessment at Otis College of art and design
Authors: Giuntini Parme , Venturini Jean-Marie 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to share best practices in using e-portfolios for assessment including a collaborative model between academic department and library.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors collaborated to develop learning outcome rubrics that were then used by faculty and a team of reviewers to evaluate evidence collected in e-portfolios.

Findings
– E-portfolios provide a dynamic platform to centrally collect assessment material; however, effective evaluation of student evidence can be strengthened with collaboration between college departments.

Research limitations/implications
– This is a model that was sustainable and practical for a small art and design college.

Practical implications
– Other institutions working on assessment with limited personal resources may find this approach useful in addition to any institution considering how to use e-portfolios for collection and assessment of student work.

Originality/value
– Otis College of Art and Design has been using e-portfolios since 2008 and has been developing this model of assessment for sometime.