bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ionic Imprinted Calix[4]resorcinarene Host for Pb(II) Adsorbent Using Diallylaminomethyl–Calix[4]resorcinarene Copolymer
Authors: Yusof Nor Nadiah Mohamad , Kikuchi Yasuaki , Kobayashi Takaomi 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Novel imprinted calix[4]resorcinarene host diallylaminomethyl–calix[4]resorcinarene was developed and copolymerized with divinylbenzene for selective extraction of Pb(II). In ternary mixture of heavy metal ions, the imprinted polymer showed effective adsorption to Pb(II) obeying the Langmuir isotherm.
Synthesis of a Heparan Sulfate Disaccharide Fluoride for Detection of Heparanase Activity
Authors: Ohmae Masashi , Fujita Yuki , Takada Junko , Kimura Shunsaku 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
A novel heparan sulfate disaccharide fluoride derivative of GlcN(SO3Na)α(1 → 4)GlcAβ-F (1) was designed as a probe for detection of heparanase activity. Compound 1 was successfully prepared via 10-step chemical reactions. Human heparanase-1 effectively recognized 1, which induced liberation of the fluoride ion by hydrolysis via enzyme catalysis. The hydrolysis reaction was easily monitored by 1H NMR measurements, in which the signal from H-1 gradually disappeared.
Unique Mesoporous Silicoaluminophosphate Assembled from Faujasite-type SAPO-37 Precursor: A Potential Catalyst for Isomerization
Authors: Yadav Rekha , Singh Arvind Kumar , Sakthivel Ayyamperumal 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Unique mesoporous silicoaluminophosphate (MESO-SAPO-37) with uniform pores (3 nm) was synthesized for the first time by using a faujasite-type microporous SAPO-37 precursor. MESO-SAPO-37 contains hierarchical mesopores with a microporous secondary building unit. It possesses strong acidity and shows high catalytic activity for the conversion of 1-octene, with the exclusive formation of isomerized products (84%).
Synthesis of Alkylated Nitriles by [RuHCl(CO)(PPh3)3]-catalyzed Alkylation of Acetonitrile Using Primary Alcohols
Authors: Kuwahara Takashi , Fukuyama Takahide , Ryu Ilhyong 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Alkylation reaction of acetonitrile using primary alcohols is effectively catalyzed by [RuHCl(CO)(PPh3)3] in the presence of K3PO4 as a base. Both benzylic and non-benzylic alcohols coupled with acetonitrile to give alkylated nitriles in good yields.
Evaluation of Adhesion between Nafion and Gold Electrodes Fabricated through Novel Dry Process Utilizing Argon Plasma Treatment
Authors: Hiroshiba Nobuya , Ito Taishi , Yano Wataru , Ichikawa Yo 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
We have explored a novel dry plasma process for the fabrication of electrodes on Nafion surfaces. Nanosized pillar structures were prepared through argon ion (Ar+) plasma treatment. The shear strengths of Au electrodes on plasma-treated Nafion surfaces were investigated. We found that the maximum shear strength (1.08 MPa) of Au–Nafion was observed under the optimal conditions (8 min, 100 W, 5 Pa, Ar+). Finally, we successfully prepared strongly bonded Au electrodes on Nafion through plasma surface treatment without using a wet plating process.
Benefit packages for chronic disease outpatients in the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme in 32 Chinese counties
Authors: Xu Chuangzhou , Gericke Christian A 
Published: June 2013

Introduction: Chronic disease has become a major problem affecting the health of the Chinese population. In response to this situation, the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme (NRCMS) has begun to provide health cover for outpatients with chronic disease expenses, made possible by the increased risk pool of previous years. We compare the differences between Benefit Packages for Chronic Diseases Outpatients (BPCDO) in order to produce a reference for policy makers.Methods: Information on the various BPCDO was located by searching the official NRCMS website in Chinese, using certain criteria to select the ideal BPCDO. Population coverage, service coverage and cost of coverage were chosen to form the analytical framework for this paper. The diseases were classified according to the World Health Organisation's (WHO) International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10).Results: To avoid “moral hazard”, complex processes have been created. This has resulted in chronic disease patients finding it very difficult to become beneficiaries. Forty-one types of chronic diseases were listed in 32 different BPCDO. We found that different counties have different co-payment rates, deductible lines, ceilings, coverage of drugs and tests, appointed hospitals and reimbursement frequencies.Conclusion: High mortality diseases and diseases with a heavier cost burden should be the priority on the list of reimbursement. The BPCDO scheme should be introduced urgently at the national level. It should include twenty-one types of disease and eight essential factors.
Simplified Kinetic Model for Thermal Combustion of Lean Methane–Air Mixtures in a Wide Range of Temperatures
Authors: Pawlaczyk Anna , Gosiewski Krzysztof J. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
The paper presents results of kinetic studies on thermal methane combustion over honeycomb monoliths. An analysis of the previous experiments [1] has shown that equations proposed there and their kinetic parameters satisfactorily describe kinetics only for relatively low temperatures up to approx. 700°C. The present study corresponds to that related and supplements the previous data with new kinetic parameters obtained in higher temperatures in the reaction zone up to 900°C. A method of the reaction rate calculation for further simulation studies combining the kinetic parameters obtained in both ranges of low (LT) according to Gosiewski et al. [1] and high temperatures (HT) are also presented in the paper.
Ki-67 is a predictor of acromegaly control with octreotide LAR independent of SSTR2 status and relates to cytokeratin pattern
Authors: Kasuki Leandro , Wildemberg Luiz Eduardo Armondi , Neto Leonardo Vieira , Marcondes Jorge , Takiya Christina M , Gadelha Mônica R 
Published: June 2013

IntroductionOnly one study has evaluated Ki-67 as a predictor of the response to somatostatin analog therapy in acromegaly; however, other predictors like somatostatin receptor type 2 (SSTR2) and cytokeratin pattern expressions were not considered.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether Ki-67 is a predictor of octreotide LAR (OCT-LAR) response in somatotropinomas independent of SSTR2 and cytokeratin expression patterns.MethodsProtein expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The percentage of cell nuclei that were immunolabeled for Ki-67 and the percentage of cells with positive SSTR2 staining were calculated. SSTR2 expression was considered high when ≥25%, and a cutoff of 2.3% was designated for Ki-67. Tumors were classified as densely or sparsely granulated according to the cytokeratin pattern.ResultsThirty-one somatotropinomas were studied. Fourteen patients (45.2%) were controlled with OCT-LAR therapy. The median Ki-67 labeling index (LI) was higher in patients not controlled with OCT-LAR than in those controlled (1.63 and 0.15 respectively, P=0.002). Higher SSTR2 expression and densely granulated tumors were correlated with control as well (P=0.04 and 0.038 respectively). There was no difference in Ki-67 levels between patients with high and low SSTR2 expression (P=0.651). After multivariate analysis, both Ki-67 and SSTR2 remained statistically significant as predictors of OCT-LAR response (P=0.017 and 0.012 respectively). The Ki-67 LI was higher in sparsely than in densely granulated tumors (P=0.047).ConclusionsKi-67 is a predictor of response to OCT-LAR in acromegaly, independent of SSTR2 expression and relates to cytokeratin patterns.
Analysis of Production History for Unconventional Gas Reservoirs With Statistical Methods
Authors: Bhattacharya Srimoyee , Nikolaou Michael 
Published: June 2013

SummaryUnconventional gas resources have dramatically changed the future energy landscape. Developing these resources involves substantial risk. Such risk can be mitigated if information gathered at initial stages of the development of a field is used efficiently and effectively to guide future development. A variety of tools—such as decline-curve analysis (DCA), type-curve analysis, simulator history matching, and artificial intelligence (AI)—is used to that effect. These tools accomplish partially overlapping but different tasks. Additional tools that could not only facilitate the analysis of historical data but also guide future development would be of value. In this work, we propose an efficient methodology that can use historical production data from existing wells to answer questions such as the following: Which wells will behave similarly? Which wells will behave differently from each other or from standard expectations? Which factors will contribute to these differences? How can data from existing wells be used to anticipate the performance of new wells? The proposed methodology relies on standard principal-component analysis (PCA) and principal-component regression (PCR). The application of PCA to historical production data from twelve wells in the Holly Branch field quickly identified wells with distinct behavior. The subsequent investigation of pressure and the completion data for these wells revealed reasons for such distinct behavior. Finally, a simple linear model was built with PCR, with good ability to predict production from new wells, as assessed through cross-validation. The value of the efficiency offered by the proposed methodology would be much higher for larger data sets, for which manual analysis of production data is more cumbersome.
Investigation and Prediction of High-Viscosity Liquid Effect on Two-Phase Slug Length in Horizontal Pipelines
Authors: Al-Safran E.M.. M. , Gokcal B.. , Sarica C.. 
Published: June 2013

Summary
The recent trend of increasing energy demand led the industry toward the development of heavy oil unconventional resources. However, the production and transportation of such heavy oil is a challenge because of the lack of understanding of two-phase flow behavior under the condition of high-viscosity liquid phase. The objective of this study is to physically understand the effect of liquid viscosity on slug length and develop an empirical two-phase slug-length correlation for high oil viscosity. The developed slug length correlation can improve the existing two-phase flow models often used in the development and maintenance of heavy-oil fields.
Experimental high-viscosity (0.181–0.589 Pa.s) two-phase air/ mineral viscous oil slug-length data is acquired in a horizontal 0.0508-m ID pipe. High-speed recorded flow visualization revealed the effect of liquid-phase viscosity on the scooping and shedding processes at the slug front and back, respectively, and liquid film thickness in the Taylor bubble zone. Data analysis showed a one-third reduction in high viscosity (0.181–0.589 Pa.s) average slug length compared with low viscosity (0.001–0.017 Pa.s) average slug length. Furthermore, analysis of slug-length distributions revealed that as liquid viscosity increases, slug length distribution deviates from the log-normal distribution to a trancated positively skewed distribution. As a result, the average, the variance, and maximum slug-length values vary with liquid viscosity. On the basis of these experimental observations, a physical model is proposed which suggests that the thick liquid film in the Taylor bubble zone and the short slug-mixing zone at the slug front result in a fully developed velocity profile at the slug back, stabilizing the slug at a shorter length. A new dimensional-analysis-based empirical model is proposed to predict dimensionless average slug length for high-viscosity liquid slug flow. A validation and comparison study of the proposed correlation showed the best performance among the existing correlations.
Effect of valence of copper on adsorption of dimethyl sulfide from liquid hydrocarbon streams on activated bentonite
Authors: Huang Huan , Yi De-Zhi , Lu Yan-Nan , Wu Xiao-Lin , Bai Yun-Peng , Meng Xuan , Shi Li 
Published: June 2013

AbstractSamples of activated bentonite and activated bentonite modified with CuCl and CuCl2, separately, were tested as dimethyl sulfide (DMS) adsorbents. The adsorption and desorption behaviours of DMS on the adsorbents were studied systematically. The adsorbents were characterised by nitrogen adsorption, XRD, and DMS-TPD tests. The addition of CuCl and CuCl2 to the activated carbon significantly enhanced the adsorption capacity of DMS, despite a notable decrease in the specific surface area and total pore volume of the activated bentonite. It is presumed that copper cation species may act as an adsorption site for DMS. The adsorption capacity of Cu(II)-bentonite was better than that of Cu(I)-bentonite. The DMS-TPD patterns indicate that the stronger electrophilicity of Cu(II) compared to that of Cu(I) caused it to interact with the DMS molecules more strongly, thus contributing to a better adsorptive performance. The Cu(II)-bentonite calcined at 150°C had the best DMS removal performance with a high sulphur capacity of 70.56 mg S g−1 adsorbent. The DMS removal performance became much lower with the increase in the calcination temperature, which appeared to be due to the decrease in the CuCl2·2H2O phase and the formation of the monoclinic Cu(OH)Cl phase.
Kinetics of chloride substitution in [Pt(bpma)Cl]+ and [Pt(gly-met-S,N,N)Cl] complexes by thiourea, nitrites, and iodides
Authors: Topolski Adrian , Bugarčić Živadin 
Published: June 2013

AbstractSubstitution of chloride in [PtCl(bpma)]+ and [PtCl(gly-met-S,N,N)], where bpma is bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amine and gly-met-S,N,N is glycyl-l-methionine, was studied as a function of the entering nucleophile concentration and temperature. Reactions between the platinum(II) complexes and thiourea (TU), iodides (I−), and nitrites(III) (NO2−) were carried out in aqueous solutions using conventional UV-VIS spectrophotometry. Suitable ionic conditions were reached by an addition of 0.1 M NaClO4 and 0.01 M NaCl (to suppress hydrolysis). The second-order rate constants, k 2, for the studied reactions with NO2− varied between 0.036–0.038 M−1 s−1, and for the reactions with TU between 0.095–1.06 M−1 s−1, respectively. The reaction between TU and the [PtCl(bpma)]+ ion is ten times faster than that of the [PtCl(gly-met-S,N,N)] complex. An analysis of the activation parameters, ΔH ≠ and ΔS ≠, for the selected reactions clearly shows their associative nature.
Performance and lifetime of slurry packed capillary columns for high performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Franc Martin , Vojta Jiří , Sobotníková Jana , Coufal Pavel , Bosáková Zuzana 
Published: June 2013

AbstractFused silica capillary columns of the internal diameter of 320 μm were packed with the Nucleosil C18 stationary phase of 5 μm using the slurry packing method. The time of the bed compaction phase, packing pressure, and the use of ultrasound varied to study their influence on the column performance. Van Deemter curves were measured and separation impedance values were calculated in order to assess both separation efficiency and kinetic performance of the columns. Selected columns were tested again after nine months to evaluate the stability of their beds. Separation efficiencies of all columns were similar, but a major difference, caused by the use of ultrasound, was observed in the bed stability. Columns sonicated for 25 minutes during the bed compaction phase exhibited unchanged performance in the course of several months, while the performance of non-sonicated columns decreased.
Transposable elements occur more frequently in autism-risk genes: Implications for the role of genomic instability in autism
Authors: Williams Emily , Casanova Manuel , Switala Andrew , Li Hong , Qiu Mengsheng 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
An extremely large number of genes have been associated with autism. The functions of these genes span numerous domains and prove challenging in the search for commonalities underlying the conditions. In this study, we instead looked at characteristics of the genes themselves, specifically in the nature of their transposable element content. Utilizing available sequence databases, we compared occurrence of transposons in autismrisk genes to randomized controls and found that transposable content was significantly greater in our autism group. These results suggest a relationship between transposable element content and autism-risk genes and have implications for the stability of those genomic regions.
Untangling the role of tau in Alzheimer’s disease: A unifying hypothesis
Authors: Bhatia Neha , Hall Garth 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Recent investigations into the etiology and pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in the past few years have expanded to include previously unexplored and/or disconnected aspects of AD and related conditions at both the cellular and systemic levels of organization. These include how AD-associated abnormalities affect the cell cycle and neuronal differentiation state and how they recruit signal transduction, membrane trafficking and protein transcytosis mechanisms to produce a neurotoxic syndrome capable of spreading itself throughout the brain. The recent expansion of AD research into intercellular and new aspects of cellular degenerative mechanisms is causing a systemic re-evaluation of AD pathogenesis, including the roles played by well-studied elements, such as the generation of Aβ and tau protein aggregates. It is also changing our view of neurodegenerative diseases as a whole. Here we propose a conceptual framework to account for some of the emerging aspects of the role of tau in AD pathogenesis.
Synaptic plasticity studies and their applicability in mouse models of neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Gruart Agnès , Madroñal Noelia , Jurado-Parras María , Delgado-García José 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
During the past few years, there have been many important contributions to the better understanding of the different types of memory and the putative neural structures that generate them. Moreover, various studies on neurodegenerative diseases in human beings have added useful information about learning and memory formation, and about their loss in patients with these disabling diseases. The development of sophisticated pharmacogenetic tools applied to mouse models, reproducing different types of neurodegenerative disease or, at least, some of their main symptoms, has turned out to be extremely useful for the further development of contemporary neuroscience. In addition, ingenious behavioral and electrophysiological approaches have been developed to study the activity-dependent changes in synaptic strength during learning and memory processes in the best possible way — that is, in the alert behaving animal. Collected data from these numerous studies have enabled us to know more about the role of many different molecular components integrating the synaptic cleft, and to draw some conclusions about the concordance between in vitro and in vivo recorded data, and the generalization of the results to other types of learning and/or brain-related structures. As described here, changes in synaptic strength studied in key neural synapses during learning and memory processes in genetically manipulated mice can represent an interesting and powerful approach to the better understanding of neural processes underlying the acquisition of new motor and cognitive abilities and how they are affected by different human diseases involving the neural tissue.
Non-invasive brain stimulation in children: Applications and future directions
Authors: Rajapakse Thilinie , Kirton Adam 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a neurostimulation and neuromodulation technique that has provided over two decades of data in focal, non-invasive brain stimulation based on the principles of electromagnetic induction. Its minimal risk, excellent tolerability and increasingly sophisticated ability to interrogate neurophysiology and plasticity make it an enviable technology for use in pediatric research with future extension into therapeutic trials. While adult trials show promise in using TMS as a novel, non-invasive, non-pharmacologic diagnostic and therapeutic tool in a variety of nervous system disorders, its use in children is only just emerging. TMS represents an exciting advancement to better understand and improve outcomes from disorders of the developing brain.
Astrocytes: Emerging stars in leukodystrophy pathogenesis
Authors: Lanciotti Angela , Brignone Maria , Bertini Enrico , Petrucci Tamara , Aloisi Francesca , Ambrosini Elena 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Astrocytes are the predominant glial cell population in the central nervous system (CNS). Once considered only passive scaffolding elements, astrocytes are now recognised as cells playing essential roles in CNS development and function. They control extracellular water and ion homeostasis, provide substrates for energy metabolism, and regulate neurogenesis, myelination and synaptic transmission. Due to these multiple activities astrocytes have been implicated in almost all brain pathologies, contributing to various aspects of disease initiation, progression and resolution. Evidence is emerging that astrocyte dysfunction can be the direct cause of neurodegeneration, as shown in Alexander’s disease where myelin degeneration is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the astrocyte-specific cytoskeleton protein glial fibrillary acidic protein. Recent studies point to a primary role for astrocytes in the pathogenesis of other genetic leukodystrophies such as megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts and vanishing white matter disease. The aim of this review is to summarize current knowledge of the pathophysiological role of astrocytes focusing on their contribution to the development of the above mentioned leukodystrophies and on new perspectives for the treatment of neurological disorders.
Neurobiological aspects of suicide and suicide attempts in bipolar disorder
Authors: Mathews Daniel , Richards Erica , Niciu Mark , Ionescu Dawn , Rasimas Joseph , Zarate Carlos 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Suicide and bipolar disorder (BD) are challenging, complex, and intertwined areas of study in contemporary psychiatry. Indeed, BD is associated with the highest lifetime risk for suicide attempt and completion of all the psychiatric conditions. Given that several clinical risk factors for both suicide and BD have been well noted in the literature, exploring the neurobiological aspects of suicide in BD may provide insights into both preventive measures and future novel treatments. This review synthesizes findings regarding the neurobiological aspects of suicide and, when applicable, their link to BD. Neurochemical findings, genes/epigenetics, and potential molecular targets for current or future treatments are discussed. The role of endophenotypes and related proximal and distal risk factors underlying suicidal behavior are also explored. Lastly, we discuss the manner in which preclinical work on aggression and impulsivity may provide additional insights for the future development of novel treatments.