bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elementary art & science: observational drawing in lesson study
Authors: Dotger Sharon , Walsh Deborah 
Published: January 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to report on elementary students’ observational drawings, which were produced from two science lesson study cycles.Design/methodology/approach– The authors collaboratively studied student work from two science research lessons. The authors evaluated 50 students’ science notebook entries, paying specific attention to their observational sketches. The authors wanted to understand how fourth grade students approach observational drawing in science class to better inform science and art pedagogy.Findings– Students represented their observations in a variety of ways. The structure of the lessons might have influenced students’ drawings, as did students’ orientation when constructing their representations.Research limitations/implications– This research is limited in that it only analyzes observational drawing from two research lessons.Practical implications– Through cross-disciplinary collaboration between a science educator and an art teacher, the authors developed shared ideas that were applicable in both spaces. In the near term, the authors have each changed the instructional practices to include more observational drawing.Social implications– This paper could impact public attitudes about the inclusion of science and art in the elementary curriculum. The authors would expect that through articulating the purpose of observational drawing for the artist and the scientist, the public would be more supportive of teaching these skills in school.Originality/value– This paper documents teacher learning across two content areas which students have limited access to in the USA during elementary school. It explains how science and art share objectives and can thus advocate for each other’s inclusion in the school day.
Potential of manure based biogas to replace conventional and non-conventional fuels in India
Authors: Nautiyal Sunil , Goswami Mrinalini , Manasi S. , Bez Prasanta , Bhaskar K. , Khan Y.D. Imran 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the potential of biogas in India for energy conservation and its potential in emission reduction through proper manure management and utilizing the tappable droppings while replacing the conventional and non-conventional fuel.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors have looked at the production, use and tappability of animal excreta for possible biogas generation and reduction in fuelwood consumption on one hand and emission reduction across the Indian states on the other. The average percentage of Biogas potential is created in the GIS database for analyzing the data set in the spatial domain using ArcGIS 9.2 software.

Findings
– The paper examines that unused manure contributes to the greenhouse gas (GHG) and has huge potential of reducing the emission through proper utilization across the Indian states. Keeping current climate change dilemma in view this could be one of the feasible options to cope with the climate change and mitigating the threats.

Research limitations/implications
– A comprehensive data regarding methane emission from various sources is not readily available so far. With the help of this research work the authentic data has been collected from different government departments’ data banks and past research work. However, the authors have limited to few conversion aspects in quantifying the emission factor due to complexity of the various data sets.

Practical implications
– Looking at the availability of usable animal excreta in different climatic regions, the attempt has been made in demarcating economically viable and technically feasible areas for biogas generation in India. An environmental and economic cost benefit analysis for adopting this renewable energy source has also been incorporated within this research.

Originality/value
– The paper examined the GHG contribution of unused manure and the possibility of reducing it through proper utilization. The adverse environmental consequences of the use of conventional and non-conventional cooking fuels have also been analyzed in terms of GHG emissions. The same was assessed for the whole lifecycle of liquefied petroleum gas, which is commonly assumed as a clean fuel.
Documentality and legitimacy in future libraries – an analytical framework for initiated speculation
Authors: Hansson Joacim 
Published: January 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this article is to contribute to a discussion about the future of librarianship.Design/methodology/approach– An analytical framework is used to discuss the future of libraries. The framework is based on current trends in contemporary librarianship and is used as a way of structuring predictions about the future of librarianship. Special attention is given to public libraries and academic libraries.Findings– Libraries are seen moving from a traditional situation with a high degree of constitutive documentality and internal legitimacy with collections in focus to one with a high degree of performative documentality and external legitimacy, with adjustment to user needs as the prime goal. This development is related to the emergence of New Public Management and can be seen both in public and academic libraries. It is expected to continue for the foreseeable future.Originality/value– The analytical framework and concepts used are originally developed for this text and prove to be valuable tools in fulfilling the purpose of the article. It represents a new and original way of discussing the future of libraries.
Trust development and horizontal collaboration in logistics: a theory based evolutionary framework
Authors: Pomponi Francesco , Fratocchi Luciano , Rossi Tafuri Silvia 
Published: January 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this article is to provide academicians and practitioners alike with a theory-based framework regarding horizontal collaboration in logistics. The proposed tool is based on an incremental perspective, according to two main dimensions: mutual trust among partners and the extent of the cooperation.Design/methodology/approach– This study used a “synthesising” approach to gauge potential contributions previously spread across different streams of research and disciplines that are now integrated into the framework. We conduct a deep literature review to characterise the horizontal collaboration phenomenon along two levels of analysis. In doing so, we examined relevant literature in the field of horizontal cooperation in logistics to critically appraise aims of, impediments to and existing models for horizontal collaboration. Additionally, we reviewed seminal literature of four organisational theories to assess their potential to contribute to the theoretical foundations of the growing topic of horizontal collaboration. Transaction Cost Economics, Social Exchange, Resource Dependence and Social Dilemma represent the theoretical foundations to cast light to how to design and implement inter-organisational horizontal initiatives.Findings– The proposed tool organises horizontal collaborations within three steps for each of the two levels of classification: trust and extent of the cooperation. The organisational theories reviewed play different roles to help in different stages of the horizontal collaboration. Additionally, for each combination of trust/extent of the cooperation coherent pairs of aims of the collaboration and assets that are to be shared are defined.Research limitations/implications– The article represents the first attempt to analyse horizontal collaboration from within the discipline itself and from the wider field of SCM through other well-established theoretical lenses. The proposed tool has shed some light into the black box of (un)successful horizontal collaboration, but it is theory based – which represents its main limitations – thus, requiring further testing of the research streams suggested in the paper.Practical implications– The article not only gives insights into theoretical challenges of horizontal collaborations that needs further investigation but is also useful to companies involved in horizontal collaborations by helping define coherent assets that are to be shared to achieve specific goals. In its more theoretical underpinning, the framework can also inspire the partnership philosophy and help sketch a collaborative evolutionary path.Originality/value– The lack of a theoretically robust landmark that could help understand, design and implement horizontal collaborations has been defined as a major theoretical and practical shortcoming. The article represents the first contribution aimed at filling that gap.
Engineering behaviour change in an epidemic: the epistemology of NIH‐funded HIV prevention science
Authors: Green Adam , Kolar Kat 
Published: January 2015

AbstractSocial scientific and public health literature on National Institutes of Health‐funded HIV behavioural prevention science often assumes that this body of work has a strong biomedical epistemological orientation. We explore this assumption by conducting a systematic content analysis of all NIH‐funded HIV behavioural prevention grants for men who have sex with men between 1989 and 2012. We find that while intervention research strongly favours a biomedical orientation, research into the antecedents of HIV risk practices favours a sociological, interpretive and structural orientation. Thus, with respect to NIH‐funded HIV prevention science, there exists a major disjunct in the guiding epistemological orientations of how scientists understand HIV risk, on the one hand, and how they engineer behaviour change in behavioural interventions, on the other. Building on the extant literature, we suggest that the cause of this disjunct is probably attributable not to an NIH‐wide positivist orientation, but to the specific standards of evidence used to adjudicate HIV intervention grant awards, including randomised controlled trials and other quantitative measures of intervention efficacy.
Effects of oleanolic acid on the insulin signaling pathway in skeletal muscle of streptozotocin‐induced diabetic male Sprague‐Dawley rats
Authors: Mukundwa Andrew , Mukaratirwa Samson , Masola Bubuya 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackground  The pant‐derived triterpene oleanolic acid (OA) has been shown to have antidiabetic effects, but its action on the insulin signaling cascade has not been fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of OA on aspects of the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase/Akt insulin signaling cascade in skeletal muscle of streptozotocin‐induced type 1 diabetic male Sprague‐Dawley rats.MethodsDiabetic and non‐diabetic rats were treated with insulin (4 IU/kg), OA (80 mg/kg), and the combination of OA + insulin in acute 60‐min and sub‐chronic 14‐day studies. Single and daily doses were administered in the acute and sub‐chronic studies, respectively. In acute studies, phosphorylated (p‐) Akt and p‐glycogen synthase (GS) expression was evaluated. In sub‐chronic studies, GS and glycogen phosphorylase (GP) expression and activity were evaluated, as were glycogen levels.Results  The findings show that OA enhances insulin‐stimulated hypoglycemic effects in diabetic rats. In the acute study, OA increased levels of p‐Akt and decreased levels of p‐GS. In the sub‐chronic study, OA increased both GS and GP activity, whereas OA + insulin increased GS and decreased GP activity. Treatment of rats with OA and OA + insulin increased GS expression in the skeletal muscle of diabetic rats and decreased GP expression. Glycogen levels were increased by OA but decreased OA + insulin treatment.Conclusion  Oleanolic acid in synergy with insulin can enhance activation of the insulin signaling pathway. Furthermore, the present study provides evidence of OA activation of insulin signaling enzymes independent of insulin.
Risk of tuberculosis in patients treated with anti‐tumor necrosis factor therapy: a nationwide study in South Korea, a country with an intermediate tuberculosis burden
Authors: Jung Seung Min , Ju Ji Hyeon , Park Mi‐Sun , Kwok Seung‐Ki , Park Kyung‐Su , Kim Ho‐Youn , Yim Hyeon Woo , Park Sung‐Hwan 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) following anti‐tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy in an intermediate TB burden area and to compare the risk between drugs and diseases.MethodsThe data were obtained from a nationwide database maintained by the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. The study population comprised of patients who were prescribed with TNF inhibitors from 2005 to 2009. TB cases were selected based on prescription of anti‐TB medications.ResultsOf 8421 patients in the study population, 1729 patients with latent TB prophylaxis were identified and 102 patients developed TB. The incidence of TB was 1017 per 100 000 person‐years. When divided into four groups according to the main diagnosis and using an ankylosing spondylitis group as a reference, the incidence of TB was highest in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 5.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.34–10.66), followed by patients with rheumatoid arthritis (IRR 1.02, 95% CI 0.57–1.83) and those with psoriatic arthritis (IRR 1.00, 95% CI 0.14–7.30). Comparison between drugs showed a significantly lower incidence of TB in patients treated with etanercept (reference), highest incidence in those treated with infliximab (IRR 6.8, 95% CI 3.74–12.37) and an intermediate incidence in patients treated with adalimumab (IRR 3.45, 95% CI 1.82–6.55).ConclusionsThe difference in TB risk between TNF inhibitors was similar with countries of low TB burden. This study suggests that particular attention is required for patients treated with TNF monoclonal antibodies.
Observed range dynamics ofSouthAfrican amphibians under conditions of global change
Authors: Botts Emily A. , Erasmus Barend F. N. , Alexander Graham J. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractChanges in the size and location of species ranges are a recognized response to environmental changes. We assessed recent range dynamics ofSouthAfrican amphibians using data consolidated by theSouth African Frog Atlas Project, which provided both historical (1905–1995) and recent distribution data (1996–2003). Sampling differences were accounted for using a correction factor and subsampling protocols. Changes to the size of species ranges and shifts in the mean range centre for latitude, longitude and altitude were assessed. Most (70%) of the assessed species showed range contractions. Of the expected climate change predictions, only upslope shifts were supported (mean 47.6 m). There were no significant mean latitudinal shifts for the assessed group of species. Species of the Bushveld region shifted northwesterly and upslope, while species of theWinterRainfall region also shifted northwesterly. The small, though significant, general taxon‐wide trends where minor in comparison to the wide variety of idiosyncratic, species‐specific range changes that were observed. The species‐specific observed range changes that were documented should be used to further investigate range change drivers on an individual species basis.
Shining light in dark corners: Diagnosis and management of late‐onset fetal growth restriction
Authors: MacDonald Teresa M. , McCarthy Elizabeth A. , Walker Susan P. 
Published: January 2015

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is the single biggest risk factor for stillbirth. In the absence of any effective treatment for fetal growth restriction, the mainstay of management is close surveillance and timely delivery. While such statements are almost self‐evident, the daily clinical challenge of late‐onset fetal growth restriction remains; the competing priorities of minimising stillbirth risk, while avoiding excessive obstetric intervention and the neonatal sequelae of iatrogenic preterm birth. This dilemma is made harder because the tools for late‐onset FGR diagnosis and surveillance compare poorly to those used in early‐onset FGR; screening tests in early pregnancy have limited predictive value; most cases escape clinical detection, a phenomenon set to worsen given the obesity epidemic; there is a failure of consensus on the definition of small for gestational age, and ancillary tools, such as umbilical artery Doppler – of value in identification of preterm FGR – are less useful in the late‐preterm period and at term. Most importantly, the problem is common; 96% of all births occur after 32 weeks. This means a poor noise/signal ratio of any test or management algorithm will inevitably have large clinical consequences. Into such a dark corner, we cast some light; a summary on diagnostic criteria, new developments to improve the diagnosis of late‐onset FGR and a suggested approach to management.
Anthropology Matters
Authors: Mullings Leith 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTThe following is the text of the presidential address, slightly revised and with references added, presented on November 23, 2013, at the 113th Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association in Chicago, Illinois. I begin by contextualizing the development of anthropological theory in some of the social movements of the 1960s and 1970s, with particular reference to Chicago. After exploring contemporary challenges to the academy and to the discipline of anthropology, I close with a discussion of relevant research projects, new publics, and the future of anthropology. The original address, which included a PowerPoint presentation illustrating some of the ideas, is available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fb8yLzXPH5M.
Hope thinking and past trauma mediate the relationships of body mass index with perceived mental health treatment need and mental health treatment use
Authors: Hendricks A. N. , Dhurandhar E. J. , Fontaine K. R. , Hendricks P. S. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryGreater body mass is associated with a greater risk of mental health conditions and more frequent mental health treatment use. However, factors that might influence perceived mental health treatment need and mental health treatment use among those of greater weight, including hope thinking, trauma history and perceived mental health treatment stigma, are not well understood.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine if hope thinking, trauma history and/or perceived mental health treatment stigma mediate the relationships of body mass index [BMI] with perceived mental health treatment need and mental health treatment use.MethodPrimary care clinic patients in the Midwest United States (N = 196; BMI range = 18.5 to 47.0, mean = 29.26 ± 6.61, median = 27.90) were recruited to complete a battery of self‐report measures that assessed perceived mental health treatment need, mental health treatment use, hope thinking (Trait Hope Scale), trauma history (a single‐item traumatic event history screen from the posttraumatic stress disorder module of the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition), and perceived mental health treatment stigma (Stigma Scale for Receiving Psychological Help).ResultsReduced hope thinking and a greater incidence of past trauma accounted for greater perceived mental health treatment need and greater mental health treatment use among those of greater BMI. BMI was not related to perceived unmet mental health treatment need.ConclusionIncreased perceived mental health treatment need and mental health treatment use among those of greater BMI may be explained by lower hope thinking and a greater incidence of trauma in this population. Heavier patients may benefit from interventions designed to augment hope and address traumatic histories.
Causal Networks or Causal Islands? The Representation of Mechanisms and the Transitivity of Causal Judgment
Authors: Johnson Samuel G. B. , Ahn Woo‐kyoung 
Published: January 2015

AbstractKnowledge of mechanisms is critical for causal reasoning. We contrasted two possible organizations of causal knowledge—an interconnected causalnetwork, where events are causally connected without any boundaries delineating discrete mechanisms; or a set of disparate mechanisms—causalislands—such that events in different mechanisms are not thought to be related even when they belong to the same causal chain. To distinguish these possibilities, we tested whether people maketransitivejudgments about causal chains by inferring, givenA causes BandB causes C, thatA causes C. Specifically, causal chains schematized as one chunk or mechanism in semantic memory (e.g., exercising, becoming thirsty, drinking water) led to transitive causal judgments. On the other hand, chains schematized as multiple chunks (e.g., having sex, becoming pregnant, becoming nauseous) led to intransitive judgments despite strong intermediate links ((Experiments 1–3). Normative accounts of causal intransitivity could not explain these intransitive judgments (Experiments 4 and 5).
Motor endplate‐targeted botulinum toxin injections of the gracilis muscle in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Van Campenhout Anja , Bar‐On Lynn , Desloovere Kaat , Huenaerts Catherine , Molenaers Guy 
Published: January 2015

AimIntramuscular botulinum toxin‐A (BoNT‐A) injections reduce spasticity by blocking neurotransmission at the motor endplate (MEP). The goal of this study was to assess the reduction in spasticity achieved by injecting BoNT‐A at different sites of the gracilis muscle.MethodThirty‐four gracilis muscles, in 27 children (10 females and 17 males, mean age of 8.6y [SD 2.5y]) with spastic cerebral palsy (unilateral and bilateral, Gross Motor Function Classification System [GMFCS] levels I–IV), were randomly assigned to one of two groups. In one group BoNT‐A was injected proximally (at a site 25% of the distance from the pubic tubercle and the medial epicondyle) and in the other it was injected at the MEP zones (half of the dose was administered at 30% of this distance and half at 60%). Spasticity was assessed before and after BoNT‐A injection using simultaneous measurements of surface electromyography (sEMG) and angular velocity during passive muscle stretch applied at different velocities. The primary outcome measure included the velocity‐dependent change in average root mean square electromyography (RMS‐EMG). Secondary outcome was assessed with the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) and Modified Tardieu Scale (MTS).ResultsSpasticity decreased more in MEP‐targeted muscles than in proximally injected muscles, as demonstrated by a larger reduction in average RMS‐EMG values (p=0.04), though this difference was not found with the MAS or MTS.InterpretationThe results suggest that BoNT‐A injection of the gracilis at sites with a high concentration of MEPs is effective at reducing spasticity. These preliminary findings should be confirmed by larger studies. In the case of long muscles, such as the gracilis, the injection site is important.
Gargantuan Left Atrium: A Sequela of Mitral Regurgitation and Mitral Stenosis
Authors: Omslaer Brian T. , Biederman Robert W. W. 
Published: January 2015

Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and echocardiography revealed a gargantuan left atrium measuring 18.9 cm × 15.7 cm × 11.3 cm in a 56‐year‐old patient diagnosed with severe rheumatic mitral stenosis, severe pulmonary hypertension, and permanent atrial fibrillation. A chest x‐ray also revealed a cardiothoracic ratio approaching 1.0 and a transthoracic echocardiogram measured diameters as large as 19.2 cm. The patient then underwent mitral valve replacement and left atrial reduction surgery and has had no further admissions or complications.