bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leveraging human resource development expertise to improve supply chain managers' skills and competencies
Authors: E. Ellinger Alexander , D. Ellinger Andrea 
Published: January 2014

Purpose– There is an ongoing shortage of talented supply chain managers with the necessary skills and business-related competencies to manage increasingly complex and strategically important supply chain processes. The purpose of this paper is to propose that organizations can create and maintain competitive advantage by leveraging the expertise of human resource development (HRD) professionals to provide a range of developmental and change-oriented interventions related to critical supply chain manager skill sets that are currently in short supply.Design/methodology/approach– This is a conceptual paper.Findings– This is a conceptual paper.Practical implications– Supply chain management (SCM) decisions significantly influence financial performance since firms expend up to 75 percent of their revenue on supply chain activities. HRD professionals' intervention capabilities in training and development, organizational development and change management uniquely equip them to disseminate a deeper and broader understanding of the SCM concept within organizations, to help prioritize the development of supply chain managers and to address the complex interpersonal issues associated with helping people to work together collaboratively to foster operational innovation and make increasingly complex supply chain processes function effectively.Originality/value– The requisite skill sets for effective supply chain managers are described, linkages between HRD and SCM are highlighted, and areas of HRD professionals' expertise that can be exploited to better develop supply chain managers' skill sets and competencies are considered.
Exploiting managerial capability for innovation in a micro-firm context
Authors: Kearney Arthur , Harrington Denis , Kelliher Felicity 
Published: January 2014

Purpose
– The paper has been developed from a critical review of available literature drawn from the micro firm, managerial capability and innovation management fields. The paper aims to address these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper has been developed from a critical review of available literature drawn from the micro firm, managerial capability and innovation management fields.

Findings
– Four criteria of micro firm managerial capability emerge from micro firm managerial traits in the literature namely, leadership; strategic thinking; problem solving and people relationships. The review also shows that micro firms are embedded in three resource pools which include stakeholder ties; the local community and the proximate market environment. Micro firm managerial capability is argued to emerge from the interaction of the managerial capability criteria and the resources in a process mediated by the resource based and dynamic capabilities perspectives from the strategic management literature.

Research limitations/implications
– A gap in the academic literature is identified and the proposed theoretical model is presented to address this deficiency in the literature. Future empirical research is recommended.

Practical implications
– This proposed model will allow practitioners to better conceptualise and design programmes that will assist companies in developing managerial capabilities to innovate. Deep links between hotel industry practitioners and the academic community will enable the effective dissemination of the research.

Originality/value
– Hotel micro firms play an important social and economic role. There has been little research into how they innovate and specifically into managerial capability for innovation in context. The present research uses conceptual research to map the field and identify critical avenues for future research.
Insights from the failure of the Countrywide Financial Corporation
Authors: Freeman Willoe , Wells Peter , Wyatt Anne 
Published: January 2014

Purpose
– This paper aims to evaluate the business activities, financial reports, and management compensation practices of Countrywide Financial Corporation (Countrywide) in the period preceding the company's financial distress and leading to its eventual takeover by Bank of America in 2008. This analysis provides a number of insights into the risks that Countrywide was exposed to which may guide future research and financial management.

Design/methodology/approach
– Case study evaluating the failure of Countrywide Financial Corporation.

Findings
– First, Countrywide was highly reliant upon the securitization of mortgage loans to finance its activities and this was apparent in the financial reports. Second, these securitization transactions exposed Countrywide to significant financial risks, including the risk inherent in the uncertain values of residual interests and warrantees. Problematically, these risks were not transparently reflected in the financial reports, as confirmed by the lag in the timing of stock price responses. This untimely market response suggests the equity market was not aware of Countrywide's risk exposures until shortly before the company's solvency crisis. Third, the compensation practices of Countrywide encouraged and rewarded management for exposing the firm to significant risks.

Practical implications
– This paper provides insights into financial management that are relevant for researchers and professionals.

Originality/value
– This paper provides insights for researchers and practitioners relating to the impact of asset securitization on business risk and how these business activities and risks are disclosed in the financial reports.
Changes in organizational patterns of the Eurobond market: an historical analysis
Authors: Sfez Flora 
Published: January 2014

Purpose
– Financial intermediaries have contributed to the growing complexity of transactions and to an emerging relational network within markets. This article considers the Eurobond market as an organization in which members adopt rationalities along with diversified and evolving courses of action. The purpose of this paper is to mobilize both historical analysis and organizational theories to show what history can bring to organizational theories using a specific financial market as a case study.

Design/methodology/approach
– The author used a methodology based on historical events and on a long-run analysis of practices. Professional sources, academic research and databases allow the author to follow an abductive approach. Observations set out of this double perspective are confronted with the conceptual frames of organizational theories.

Findings
– During the creation and organization stage, the Eurobond market adopts the pattern of a market organization. Then, it takes the pattern of a firm organization as defined by Coase and Alchian and Demsetz or it is a hybrid pattern as Williamson corpus is concerned. In its last stage of evolution, it reveals as a firm organization for all economic models of organizations.

Originality/value
– The confrontation of an historical methodology with the economic model of organization leads to the conclusion that the Eurobond market cannot be apprehended as an organization market anymore since it has become a firm organization. Traditional regulation of financial markets does not apply since a firm pattern cannot be controlled as a market one.
Application of Different Molecular Techniques for Characterization of Catalase‐Positive Cocci Isolated from Sucuk
Authors: Kesmen Zülal , Yarimcam Burcu , Aslan Hakiye , Ozbekar Esra , Yetim Hasan 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis study was carried out for the characterization and discrimination of the indigenous Gram positive, catalase‐positive cocci (GCC) population in sucuk, a traditional Turkish dry‐fermented sausage. Sucuk samples, produced by the traditional method without starter culture were collected from 8 local producers in Kayseri/Turkey and a total of 116 GCC isolates were identified by using different molecular techniques. Two different molecular fingerprinting methods; namely, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA‐PCR (RAPD‐PCR) and repetitive extragenic palindrome‐PCR (rep‐PCR), were used for the clustering of isolates and identification at species level was carried out by full length sequencing of 16S rDNA. Combining the results obtained from molecular fingerprinting and 16S rDNA sequencing showed that the dominant GCC species isolated from the sucuk samples was Staphylococcus saprophyticus followed by Staphylococcus succinus and Staphylococcus equorum belonging to the Staphylococcus genus. Real‐time PCR DNA melting curve analysis and high‐resolution melting (HRM) analysis targeting the V1 + V3 regions of 16S rDNA were also applied for the discrimination of isolates belonging to different species. It was observed statistically different Tm values and species‐specific HRM profiles for all except 2 species (S. saprophyticus and Staphylococcus xylosus) that have high 16S rDNA sequence similarity. The combination of rep‐PCR and/or PCR‐RAPD with 16S rRNA gene sequencing was an efficient approach for the characterization and identification of the GCC population in spontaneously fermented sucuk. On the other hand, intercalating dye assays were found to be a simple and very promising technique for the differentiation of the GCC population at species level.
Decisions to withhold or withdraw life‐sustaining treatment in a Norwegian intensive care unit
Authors: HOEL H. , SKJAKER S. A. , HAAGENSEN R. , STAVEM K. 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundTo withhold and withdraw treatment are important and difficult decisions made in the intensive care unit (ICU). The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of withholding or withdrawing treatment, characteristics of the patients, and how these decision processes were handled and documented in a general ICU from 2007 to 2009 in a university hospital in Norway.MethodsPatient characteristics and outcomes of treatment were prospectively registered. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records for information on limitations in treatment.ResultsIn total, 1287 patients were admitted to the ICU. The ICU mortality was 208 (16%), and the hospital mortality was 341 (26%). In total, 301 patients (23%) had treatment withheld or withdrawn. Medical and unscheduled surgical patients with limitations in treatment had higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (P < 0.001) and were older (P < 0.001) than those without limitations in treatment. The most common main reason for withdrawing treatment was poor prognosis. According to the medical records, the patient was involved in the decision‐making regarding withdrawal of treatment in only 2% of the cases, and the patient's relatives were involved in the decision‐making in 77% of the cases. In 12% of the cases, type of treatment withdrawn was not documented.ConclusionWithholding or withdrawing treatment in the ICU was common. Medical and unscheduled surgical patients with limitations in treatment were older and more severely ill than patients without limitations. There is a potential for better documentation of the processes regarding withholding or withdrawing life‐sustaining intensive care treatment.
Distribution of Immune Cells in the Human Cervix and Implications for HIV Transmission
Authors: Trifonova Radiana T. , Lieberman Judy , van Baarle Debbie 
Published: January 2014

ProblemKnowledge of the mucosal immune cell composition of the human female genital tract is important for understanding susceptibility to HIV‐1.Method of studyWe developed an optimized procedure for multicolor flow cytometry analysis of immune cells from human cervix to characterize all major immune cell subsets in the endocervix and ectocervix.ResultsHalf of tissue hematopoietic cells were CD14+, many of which were macrophages and about a third were CD11c+, most of which were CD103− CD11b+ CX3CR1+ DC‐SIGN+ dendritic cells (DCs). The other dominant population were T cells, with more CD8 than CD4 cells. T cells (both CD8 and CD4) and B cells were more abundant in the ectocervix than endocervix of pre‐menopausal women; however, CD8+ T cell and B cell numbers declined in the ectocervix after menopause, while CD4 T cell counts remained higher. B, NK and conventional myeloid and plasmocytoid DCs each were a few percent of tissue hematopoietic cells. Although the ectocervix had more HIV‐susceptible CD4+ T cells, polarized endocervical explants supported HIV replication significantly better.ConclusionDue to their abundance in the genital tract, CX3CR1+ DC‐SIGN+ DCs might be important in HIV transmission. Our data also suggest that the columnar epithelium of the upper genital tract might be a preferential site for HIV transmission.
Apatite‐Coated Collagen Sponge for the Delivery of Bone Morphogenetic Protein‐2 in Rabbit Posterolateral Lumbar Fusion
Authors: Koo Ki Hyoung , Ahn Jung Min , Lee Jong Min , Kim Byung‐Soo , Kim Chang‐Sung , Im Gun‐Il 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) need an effective delivery system for efficient bone regeneration. In this study, we evaluated the efficiency of an apatite‐coated collagen sponge for the long‐term delivery of BMP‐2 in a rabbit model of lumbar posterolateral fusion. A total of 15 rabbits, divided into three groups, underwent posterolateral lumbar fusion. The first group (control group) received uncoated collagen sponges without BMP‐2. The second group (uncoated group) received uncoated collagen sponges with BMP‐2 (40 μg each side). The third group (apatite‐coated group) received apatite‐coated collagen sponges with the same level of BMPs (40 μg each side). All rabbits were euthanized 6 weeks after operation, and the fusion status was assessed by radiographic study, micro‐CT, manual palpation, biomechanical study, and histological examination. Fusion rates as determined by radiographic study, micro‐CT, and manual palpation showed that the apatite‐coated group had a significantly higher rate of fusion than the control group (P = 0.024), while the uncoated group did not (P = 0.083). Biomechanical study showed significantly higher tensile strength in the apatite‐coated group than the uncoated group (P = 0.032). Denser trabeculations were found in the apatite‐coated group compared with the uncoated group. It is concluded that the use of apatite‐coated collagen sponges for BMP‐2 delivery enhanced bone regeneration.
Synchronized Pulsatile Speed Control of Turbodynamic Left Ventricular Assist Devices: Review and Prospects
Authors: Amacher Raffael , Ochsner Gregor , Schmid Daners Marianne 
Published: January 2014

AbstractTurbodynamic blood pumps are used clinically as ventricular assist devices (VADs). They are mostly operated at a constant rotational speed, which results in a reduced pulsatility. Previous research has analyzed pulsing pump speeds (speed modulation) to alter the interaction between the cardiovascular system and the blood pump. In those studies, sine‐ or square‐wave speed profiles that were synchronized to the natural cardiac cycle were analyzed in silico, in vitro and in vivo. The definitions of these profiles with respect to both timing and speed levels vary among different research groups. The current paper provides a definition of the timing of these speed profiles such that the resulting hemodynamic effects become comparable. The results published in the literature are summarized and compared using this definition. Further, applied to a turbodynamic VAD, a series of measurements is conducted on a hybrid mock circulation using a constant speed as well as different types of square‐wave speed profiles and a sine‐wave speed profile. When a consistent definition of the timing of the speed profiles is used, the hemodynamic effects observed in previous work are in agreement with the measurement data obtained for the current paper. These findings allow the conclusion that the speed modulation of turbodynamic VADs represents a consistent tool to systematically change the ventricular load and the pulsatility in the arterial tree. The timing that yields the minimal left ventricular load also yields the minimal arterial pulse pressure.
Moderate hemoptysis: recurrent hemoptysis and mortality according to bronchial artery embolization
Authors: Lee Myoung Kyu , Kim Sang‐Ha , Yong Suk Joong , Shin Kye Chul , Kim Hyun Sik , Yu Tae‐Sun , Choi Eun Hee , Lee Won‐Yeon 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIntroductionThe studies on hemoptysis have focused mainly on hemoptysis causes and massive or life‐threatening hemoptysis. And there is a limited data that non‐massive hemoptysis, especially moderate hemoptysis.ObjectivesWe analyzed the prognosis and severity of bleeding on flexible bronchoscopy (FB) between moderate and massive hemoptysis.MethodsWe reviewed total 852 subjects (59.9 ± 16.0 years) identified with hemoptysis. Reviewed database included severity of subjective hemoptysis, bleeding on FB, comorbid conditions, time from admission to bronchial artery embolization (BAE), recurrent hemoptysis and mortality.ResultsIn subjective hemoptysis, recurrent hemoptysis occurred in mild 8.0%, moderate 40.7%, massive hemoptysis 33.8%, and mortality was 4.7%, 13.4% and 13.5%. Especially, no statistical difference was shown in recurrent hemoptysis [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.795; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.562–1.125, P = 0.196] and mortality (HR = 1.054; 95% CI 0.596–1.864, P = 0.856) between moderate and massive hemoptysis. In moderate hemoptysis patients, oozing or active bleeding on FB took up 83.3%. In this review, recurrent hemoptysis was more in oozing bleeding than active bleeding (HR = 1.781; 95% CI 1.214–2.431, P = 0.002), but mortality was similar (HR = 1.611; 95% CI 0.930–2.790, P = 0.089). Recurrent hemoptysis significantly decreased in the group with BAE performed within 24 h (HR = 0.308; 95% CI 0.149–0.637, P = 0.001) in moderate hemoptysis. Also, recurrent hemoptysis and mortality were significantly increased in the patients with smoking (≥40 pack‐years), oozing or active bleeding on FB, and hypertension.ConclusionModerate hemoptysis has shown similar prognosis of recurrent hemoptysis and mortality to massive hemoptysis. Therefore, the more aggressive FB and BAE should be considered in moderate hemoptysis.
Characteristics and outcomes of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis: a retrospective analysis of a tertiary hospital registry
Authors: Camara Boubou , Reymond Emilie , Saint‐Raymond Christel , Roth Hubert , Brenier‐Pinchart Marie‐Pierre , Pinel Claudine , Cadranel Jacques , Ferretti Gilbert , Pelloux Hervé , Pison Christophe ,   Grenoble Aspergillus Committee
Published: January 2014

AbstractIntroductionOur objective was to investigate characteristics risk factors and outcomes of patients with chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA).MethodsThe Aspergillosis Committee prospectively collected Aspergillus notifications from January 2000 to December 2011. A retrospective analysis of data was performed.ResultsAmong 1614 notifications registered, 44 cases of CPA in non‐immunocompromised patients were identified. The median age was 65 years (Q1–Q3: 54–75), the median body mass index (BMI) was 20 kg/m2 (Q1–Q3: 16–22) and 15 had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. All patients had a positive specific serum precipitin antibody titer. Radiological presentations were: cavitations [single n = 31 (70%); multiple n = 12 (27%)] containing mycetomas [n = 18 (41%)], consolidations [n = 19 (43%)], emphysema [n = 15 (34%)] and sequelae of mycobacterial infection [n = 10 (23%)]. The median duration of follow‐up was 30 months (Q1–Q3: 14–55). The median duration of antifungal treatment was 6 months (Q1–Q3: 3–12). Outcomes were unfavorable in 14 patients, and 12 (27%) died. Analysis by multivariate Cox regression model with bootstrapping showed that a higher BMI and a lower Charlson index score were predictive of favorable evolution, hazard ratio (95% confidence interval): BMI (+1) = 0.83 (0.71–0.97), Charlson (+1) = 1.37 (1.01–1.85). When analyses were restricted to chronic CPA and chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis, the multivariate Cox regression model showed that both BMI and Charlson index score were not statistically significant.ConclusionOur results provide data on clinical characteristics and outcomes of CPA emphasizing the role of preexisting chronic respiratory conditions and protective effect of preserved BMI and lower Charlson index score.
Technologies of the spouse: intimate surveillance in Senegalese transnational marriages
Authors: HANNAFORD DINAH 
Published: January 2014

AbstractRapid advances in communication technology in the last 20 years have enabled migrants to sustain social and economic investment in multiple geographic locations, or, to be transnational. In this article, by analysing non‐migrant Senegalese women's experiences in marriages with migrant Senegalese men, I critically engage in discussions about the role of technology in transnational family dynamics. In the intimate negotiations of transnational married life, these women feel profoundly ambivalent about the role of communication technologies in their lives. Instead of enabling ‘emotional closeness’, the virtual presence of their absent husbands frequently represents a spectre of suspicion, control and surveillance.
Prognostic impact of young age on stage IV prostate cancer treated with primary androgen deprivation therapy
Authors: Kimura Tomokazu , Onozawa Mizuki , Miyazaki Jun , Matsuoka Taeko , Joraku Akira , Kawai Koji , Nishiyama Hiroyuki , Hinotsu Shiro , Akaza Hideyuki 
Published: January 2014

ObjectivesTo elucidate whether the disease characteristics and prognosis of stage IV prostate cancer treated with primary androgen deprivation therapy differ between young and elderly patients.MethodsA total of 3006 patients identified from the database of the Japan Study Group of Prostate Cancer were included in the analysis according to the following entry criteria: age of 75 years or less and stage IV disease. These patients were stratified into three groups: young (aged ≤55 years); middle‐aged (aged ≧56 and ≤65 years); and elderly (aged ≧66 and ≤75 years). Their prognoses were analyzed both within age groups and according to whether or not there was metastasis.ResultsThe proportion of lymph node metastasis was significantly higher in the young group than in the elderly group (P = 0.007), and there were no significant differences in other factors among age groups. The overall survival rate at 5 years in the young group was significantly worse than that in the middle‐aged and elderly groups (26.6%, 59.7% and 55.3%, respectively) in patients with stage IV disease with metastasis, although there was no difference among age groups in patients with stage IV disease without metastasis. Multivariate analysis showed that younger age was an independent strong prognostic factor in stage IV disease with metastasis.ConclusionsYoung men with metastatic prostate cancer have a poor prognosis. Young age is an independent prognostic factor in stage IV metastatic prostate cancer patients treated with primary androgen deprivation therapy.