bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
General Practitioners' and Hospital Physicians' Preference for Morphine or Oxycodone as First‐Time Choice for a Strong Opioid: A National Register–Based Study
Authors: Poulsen Karen K. , Andersen Stig E. , Moreno Søren I. , Glintborg Dorte , Thirstrup Steffen , Aagaard Lise 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe aim of this study was to characterize first‐time oxycodone and morphine prescriptions in outpatients by type of prescriber and naivety in regard to strong opioids. All prescriptions for morphine and oxycodone in Denmark reported to the National Register of Medicinal Product Statistics in 2010 were analysed. If a patient had not had a prescription filled for the same drug within the last 2 years, the prescription was defined as a first‐time prescription. Patients who had not received a prescription for strong opioids for 6 months prior to the date of redemption were classified as strong opioid naive. The odds ratio (OR) was calculated to investigate whether general practitioners (GPs) and hospital physicians had similar preferences for oxycodone over morphine for strong opioid–naive patients. We included 69,110 first‐time prescriptions, of which 59,316 (86%) were for strong opioid–naive patients. Opioid‐naive patients received 79% of the first‐time prescriptions for morphine and 91% of the prescriptions for oxycodone. Hospital physicians had a greater preference for oxycodone over morphine than GPs (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.29–1.39). However, GPs were responsible for approximately 61% of all first‐time prescriptions for both oxycodone and morphine for strong opioid–naive patients. In conclusion, oxycodone is to a great extent prescribed as the first‐choice strong opioid, and both GPs and hospital physicians seem to contribute to this prescribing pattern of strong opioids to outpatients.
Crystal Structure and Thermodynamic Properties of Barium–Thulium Bismuthate with Perovskite Structure
Authors: Bissengaliyeva Mira R. , Knyazev Alexander V. , Bekturganov Nuraly S. , Gogol Daniil B. , Taimassova Shynar T. , Sukurov Bolat M. , Smolenkov Yuriy Y. , Tashuta Galina N. 
Published: April 2013

A new sample of triple oxides—barium–thulium bismuthate Ba2TmBiO6 with perovskite structure—has been synthesized by ceramic technology. The unit cell parameters of the sample and the coefficients of thermal expansion have been determined by the method of X‐ray analysis. Thermal properties of the sample have been studied by DTA over the temperature range of 293–1473 K. The heat capacity of the compound has been measured over the range of 5–320 K by vacuum adiabatic calorimetry. Thermodynamic functions of the compound have been determined based on the heat capacity data.
Enhancing parents' confidence to care in acute childhood illness: triangulation of findings from a mixed methods study of Community Children's Nursing
Authors: Callery Peter , Kyle Richard G. , Banks Michele , Ewing Carol , Kirk Susan 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundChildren's emergency hospital use is of concern internationally, but there has been little examination of home care by nurses.AimsTo examine the care provided by community children's nurses during acute illness.DesignTriangulation of findings from case studies of three Community Children's Nursing Teams.MethodsParents or carers (n = 763) completed questionnaires between 2008–2010 about their contacts with nurses and satisfaction with aspects and overall assessment of nursing care provided. Eighty‐one individuals participated in semi‐structured interviews: 29 parents/carers described their experiences and explained their questionnaire responses in more detail; 13 children talked about their care both in hospital and at home; and 39 nurses and other healthcare providers explained how nurses supported care of children at home. Questionnaire data were analysed descriptively and interview data qualitatively. The findings were integrated by triangulation of methods (questionnaires and interviews) and of data from different informants (children, parents, healthcare providers).ResultsNursing care most frequently took the form of advice and education by either home visits or telephone contact. Parents and children were reassured by access to nurses and it gave them confidence to care at home. Most respondents thought that it reduced the time their children spent in hospital.ConclusionsNurses can make an important contribution to supporting parents to care confidently for their children at home to reduce or even to avoid hospitalization for acute conditions and give them confidence to manage future episodes of illness.
Genetic diversity, structure and individual assignment of Casta Navarra cattle: a well‐differentiated fighting bull population
Authors: Sanz A. , Martin‐Burriel I. , Cons C. , Reta M. , Poblador A. , Rodellar C. , Zaragoza P. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryThe Casta Navarra lineage was one of the populations used to establish the fighting bull (FB) breed, and it has also been reproductively isolated from the others FBs. A total of 1284 individuals from two generations of 16 Casta Navarra herds were sampled to analyse their diversity, their genetic structure and the ability of 28 microsatellite markers to assign individuals to closely related populations. These animals were compared with closely related phylogenetic (FB) or geographical (Pirenaica and Monchina) populations. Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium analysis showed that 82% of the loci had a significant heterozygote deficit as a consequence of the Wahlund effect. The average proportion of genetic variation explained by farm differences was 9% by Wright's FST index. A phylogenetic tree constructed with a neighbour‐joining method based on Reynolds genetic distances and a Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo clustering approach revealed clear differences between farm groups that generally corresponded to historical information and could unambiguously differentiate Casta Navarra cattle from the other populations. The percentage of animals correctly assigned to the Casta Navarra population was 91.78% for a q threshold of >0.9. Admixture was only detected in 4.45% (q < 0.8) of the cattle. These results are relevant for the maintenance and development of diversity and conservation in the Casta Navarra population.
Early Repolarization: A Rare Primary Arrhythmic Syndrome and Common Modifier of Arrhythmic Risk
Authors: ROBERTS JASON D. , GOLLOB MICHAEL H. 
Published: April 2013

Early Repolarization Despite longstanding beliefs, early repolarization is not always a benign electrocardiographic observation. Its association with increased arrhythmic events has been observed in 2 strikingly different groups of individuals, retrospectively in young subjects with idiopathic ventricular fibrillation and in long‐term cohort studies from the general population. This form of primary electrical disease is now referred to as the early repolarization syndrome and has mechanistically been demonstrated to occur secondary to a transmural gradient of early cellular repolarization, resulting in the presence of an ST‐elevation pattern and J‐waves merged within or offset from the terminal QRS complex. In addition to creating a milieu of increased arrhythmic risk in isolation, an increasing number of studies have highlighted that the presence of early repolarization and J‐waves may provide a baseline electrical substrate that modifies the risk of malignant arrhythmias in other clinical settings, such as acute myocardial ischemia. The challenge ahead lies in discerning when early repolarization may represent an ominous ECG marker, as opposed to a benign entity.
Experimental Model of Focal Atrial Tachycardia: Clinical Correlates
Authors: LIU YU , SCHERLAG BENJAMIN J. , FAN YOUQI , MAO JUN , HEPLER ERIC , VARMA VANDANA , MALE SHAILESH , XIA WENFANG , HUANG HE , PO SUNNY S. 
Published: April 2013

Focal Atrial Tachycardia ModelBackgroundThe mechanisms underlying focal atrial tachycardia (AT) are unclear.MethodsIn 14 pentobarbital anesthetized dogs, a right thoracotomy allowed electrical stimulation (ES) of the anterior right ganglionated plexi (ARGP). After ES was applied to the ARGP at baseline, atropine, 1 mg/cc, was injected into the ARGP and repeat stimulation applied. After a left thoracotomy (n = 8), a similar procedure was followed by atropine injected into the superior left (SL) GP.ResultsES (0.6–3.2 V) applied to the ARGP and SLGP caused an average reduction in sinus rate from 151 ± 14/min to 60 ± 11/min. At ≥4.5 V atrial fibrillation (AF) was induced (duration 48 ± 14 seconds). After injection of atropine into the ARGP or SLGP, ES applied to these GP induced no slowing of the sinus rate. Runs of AT were induced at an average voltage of 10 ± 2 V in 14 experiments (duration ≥4 minutes). AT was localized by ice mapping or by 3D noncontact mapping to the crista terminalis (n = 6), AV junction (n = 2) or a focal site at the left superior pulmonary vein (6). In AT lasting <4 minutes (n = 2), epinephrine injected into the GP significantly increased the AT duration. In 4/4 experiments, sustained AT could be terminated by intravenous esmolol.ConclusionsAtropine injected into the ARGP or SLGP promotes ES‐induced AT whose duration is increased by adrenergic agonists and terminated by beta blockade. Presumably cholinergic blockade and accentuated release of adrenergic neurotransmitters provide the AT mechanism. The induced AT was found to be localized at sites similar to those reported clinically.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation Mitigates Electrophysiological Remodeling in a Rat Model of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: LAI PATRICK F.H. , PANAMA BRIAN K. , MASSÉ STÉPHANE , LI GUANGMING , ZHANG YAOGUANG , Kusha Marjan , FARID TALHA A. , ASTA JOHN , BACKX PETER H. , YAU TERRENCE M. , NANTHAKUMAR KUMARASWAMY 
Published: April 2013

Electrophysiological Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cell TransplantationIntroductionTransplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has shown therapeutic potential for cardiovascular diseases, but the electrophysiological implications are not understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of MSC transplantation on adverse electrophysiological remodeling in the heart following myocardial infarction (MI).Methods and ResultsThree weeks after coronary ligation to induce MI in rats, MSCs or culture medium were directly injected into each infarct. One to two weeks later, hearts were excised, Langendorff‐perfused, and optically mapped using the potentiometric fluorescent dye Di‑4‑ANEPPS. Quantitative real‐time PCR was also performed to assess gene expression. Optical mapping showed that post‐MI reduction in conduction velocity (from 0.70 ± 0.04 m/s in 12 normal controls to 0.47 ± 0.02 m/s in 11 infarcted hearts, P < 0.05) was attenuated with MSC transplantation (0.65 ± 0.04 m/s, n = 18, P < 0.05). Electrophysiological changes correlated with higher vascular density and better‐preserved ventricular geometry in MSC‐transplanted hearts. A number of ion channel genes showed changes in RNA expression following infarction. In particular, the expression of Kir2.1, which mediates the inward rectifier potassium current, IK1, was reduced in infarcted tissues (n = 7) to 13.8 ± 3.7% of normal controls, and this post‐MI reduction was attenuated with MSC transplantation (44.4 ± 11.2%, n = 7, P < 0.05).ConclusionIn addition to promoting angiogenesis and limiting adverse structural remodeling in infarcted hearts, MSC transplantation also alters ion channel expression and mitigates electrophysiological remodeling. Further understanding of the electrophysiological impact of MSC transplantation to the heart may lead to the development of cell‐based therapies for post‐MI arrhythmias.
An LQTS6 MiRP1 Mutation Suppresses Pacemaker Current and is Associated with Sinus Bradycardia
Authors: NAWATHE POOJA A. , KRYUKOVA YELENA , OREN RONIT V. , MILANESI RAFFAELLA , CLANCY COLLEEN E. , LU JONATHAN T. , MOSS ARTHUR J. , DIFRANCESCO DARIO , ROBINSON RICHARD B. 
Published: April 2013

An LQTS6 M54T Mutation and Sinus Node DysfunctionBackgroundSinus node (SN) dysfunction is observed in some long‐QT syndrome (LQTS) patients, but has not been studied as a function of LQTS genotype. LQTS6 involves mutations in the hERG β‐subunit MiRP1, which also interacts with hyperpolarization‐activated, cyclic nucleotide gated (HCN) channels—the molecular correlate of SN pacemaker current (If). An LQTS registry search identified a 55‐year male with M54T MiRP1 mutation, history of sinus bradycardia (39–56 bpm), and prolonged QTc.ObjectiveWe tested if LQTS6 incorporates sinus bradycardia due to abnormal If.MethodsWe transiently co‐transfected neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (to study currents in a myocyte background) with human HCN4 (hHCN4, primary SN isoform) or human HCN2 (hHCN2) and one of the following: empty vector, wild‐type hMiRP1 (WT), M54T hMiRP1 (M54T). Current amplitude, voltage dependence, and kinetics were measured by whole cell patch clamp.ResultsM54T co‐expression decreased HCN4 current density by 80% compared to hHCN4 alone or with WT, and also slowed HCN4 activation at physiologically relevant voltages. Neither WT nor M54T altered HCN4 voltage dependence. A computer simulation predicts that these changes in HCN4 current would decrease rate and be additive with published effects of M54T mutation on hERG kinetics on rate.ConclusionsWe conclude that M54T LQTS6 mutation can cause sinus bradycardia through effects on both hERG and HCN currents. Patients with other LQTS6 mutations should be examined for SN dysfunction, and the effect on HCN current determined.
Cytotoxic Effects of Origanum vulgare L. and Rosmarinus officinalis L. Essential Oils Alone and Combined at Sublethal Amounts on Pseudomonas fluorescens in a Vegetable Broth
Authors: de Souza Evandro Leite , de Azerêdo Geíza Alves , de Sousa Jossana Pereira , de Figueiredo Regina Celia Bressan Queiroz , Stamford Tânia Lúcia Montenegro 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of the essential oils from Origanum vulgare L. (oregano [OVEO]) and Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary [ROEO]) on the membrane permeability, morphology and cell viability of Pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC 11253 in a vegetable‐based broth after treatment with one essential oil (OVEO: 5 μL/mL; ROEO: 40 μL/mL) and with a combination of both essential oils (OVEO: 1.25 μL/mL + ROEO: 20 μL/mL). Release of cell material was observed immediately after the addition of the essential oils, both singly and as a mixture, in the growth media. Electron microscopy of bacterial cells exposed to OVEO, ROEO and the mixture of both revealed the following morphological changes after 2 and 3 h of exposure: alteration in the cell wall structure, rupture of the plasma membrane, shrinking of the cells, condensation of the cytoplasmic content and leakage of the intracellular material. Confocal scanning laser microscopy revealed increased cell membrane permeability, which resulted in cell death after short exposure times of 15 and 30 min. A combination of sublethal amounts of OVEO and ROEO could be applied to inhibit the growth of P. fluorescens in vegetables.Practical ApplicationsPseudomonas fluorescens is of particular concern in vegetable products, such as minimally processed vegetables, because of its ability to survive and grow at cold environments. The special risk posed by P. fluorescens on the storage and consumption of fresh vegetables has provoked studies on development of novel technologies to control this contamination. In this context, plant essential oils have received particular interest for their potential to control this bacterium in these foods. The findings of our study clearly indicate that the essential oil of Origanum vulgare and Rosmarinus officinalis, singly or in combination at sublethal amounts, caused a decrease in cell viability, loss of cellular material and drastic ultrastructural changes in P. fluorescens. These essential oils combined at subinhibitory concentrations could be rationally applied to control the survival of P. fluorescens in fresh vegetables and give the balance of microbial safety and organoleptic acceptability.
Effect of Chlorine Dioxide Treatment and Storage in a Modified Atmosphere on the Inactivation of Cronobacter spp. on Radish Seeds
Authors: Kim Eun‐Gyeong , Ryu Jee‐Hoon , Kim Hoikyung 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis study evaluated the inactivation of Cronobacter spp. on radish seeds using ClO2 treatment followed by storage in modified atmosphere (MA) for up to 4 days. Radish seeds were inoculated with Cronobacter spp. (6 log cfu/g), adapted to nalidixic acid and treated with a ClO2 aqueous solution (0, 50 or 100 μL/mL). The seeds were then stored in an ambient air or MA (10% O2, 10% CO2 and 80% N2; 5% O2, 10% CO2 and 85% N2; or 10% O2, 0% CO2 and 90% N2) for up to 4 days. The Cronobacter spp. (6.2 log cfu/g) populations on the radish seeds were reduced to 3.9, 3.8 or 2.6 log cfu/g after treatment with 0, 50 or 100 μL/mL ClO2, respectively, and then to 3.7, 3.1 or ≤ 1.6 log cfu/g after 2 h of drying. After 2–3 days of storage under MA (5 or 10% O2 with 10% CO2), no Cronobacter spp. were detected on the seeds treated with 100 μL/mL aqueous ClO2. More than 94.3% of the radish seeds germinated after ClO2 treatment followed by exposure to an MA, regardless of the ClO2 concentration.Practical ApplicationsThese results indicate that sprout seeds should be treated with sanitizers at an appropriate concentration. Sanitizer treatment of the seeds is more critical than following storage conditions for enhancing microbial safety. In addition, sprout seeds should be dried or stored after ClO2 treatment to increase its antimicrobial activity because a greater reduction in microbial populations occurred when the seeds treated with ClO2 were dried or stored than immediately after the treatment.
Effect of Chitosan Coating and Oil Fumigation on the Microbiological and Quality Safety of Fresh‐Cut Pear
Authors: Xu Qinglian , Xing Yage , Che Zhenming , Guan Tongwei , Zhang Liang , Bai Yumin , Gong Li 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn this investigation, the effect of chitosan coating containing anti‐browning agents and cinnamon oil fumigation on the microbiological and quality safety of fresh‐cut pears was evaluated during 15 days of storage at 4C. The results showed that the combined application of chitosan coating and oil fumigation could retard the microbiological deterioration of fresh‐cut pears. The L* value of samples treated by chitosan coating + oil fumigation was 61.15 at the end of storage. This combined treatment prevented product weight loss at the largest extent. Titratable acidity, vitamin C content and total phenolic content in treated slices presented the smallest changes throughout the storage time. Polyphenol oxidase activity of the sample treated by chitosan coating + oil fumigation was 26.90 U/g at the end of storage. These treated slices showed the lowest increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) content (2.9 μmol/g) and the highest overall visual quality values (5.6 scores) after 15 days of storage. These results indicated that the combined treatment of coating + oil fumigation could effectively maintain the microbiological and quality safety of fresh‐cut pears.Practical ApplicationsThe growth of food‐spoilage microorganisms and surface browning are the major causes of quality loss of fresh‐cut pear during the storage time. Chitosan coating with anti‐browning agents is useful for inhibiting the browning of tissue surface and keeping the nutrients in fresh‐cut fruits. On the other hand, cinnamon oil inhibits the growth of bacteria and molds on sample slices. In this study, the combined application of chitosan coating and cinnamon oil fumigation could significantly control the browning and rot of fresh‐cut pear. It could potentially be useful as a technology in maintaining the microbiological and quality safety of fresh‐cut fruits.
Acquisition and utilisation of anthropometric measurements on admission in a paediatric hospital before and after the introduction of a malnutrition screening tool
Authors: Milani S. , Wright C. , Purcell O. , Macleod I. , Gerasimidis K. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundAcquisition of anthropometric measurements and assessment of growth in paediatric inpatients remains poor. The introduction of malnutrition screening tools that incorporate weight and height/length measurements might improve their acquisition and utilisation in other aspects of patient care.MethodsDocumentation of weight and/length measurements and their plotting on growth charts was evaluated using a case notes review in paediatric inpatients who were admitted before (n = 146), during (n = 154) and after the pilot (n = 151) and official (n = 128) clinical use of a screening tool.ResultsDocumentation of weight was high in all periods (> 97% of patients). Height/length measurement documentation was negligible (4% of patients) but improved after the introduction of the screening tool (> 62%; P < 0.0001), except in infants, who were not part of the screening programme.ConclusionsIntroduction of a screening tool improved the acquisition of anthropometric measurements by nursing staff, although its utilisation by medical staff remained poor.
Socioeconomic status and risk of dental caries in Japanese preschool children: the Osaka Maternal and Child Health Study
Authors: Tanaka Keiko , Miyake Yoshihiro , Sasaki Satoshi , Hirota Yoshio 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectivesInvestigations concerning the relationship between socioeconomic status and dental caries have been conducted mainly in Western countries. The purpose of this longitudinal study was to examine the impact of socioeconomic factors, such as maternal occupation, household income, and parental educational levels, on the risk of dental caries in young Japanese children.MethodsA cohort of 315 preschool children was used. Information pertaining to exposure and potentially confounding factors was obtained by means of questionnaires administered to expectant mothers prior to delivery and subsequently when their children were in the ranges of 2‐9, 16‐24, 29‐39, and 41‐49 months of age. Outcome data were collected when the children were between 41 and 50 months old. Children were classified as having dental caries if one or more primary teeth had decayed or had been filled.ResultsCompared with maternal or paternal education of less than 13 years, maternal or paternal education of 15 years or longer was significantly associated with a decreased risk of dental caries in children: the adjusted odds ratios for maternal and paternal education levels ≥15 years compared with <13 years of maternal and paternal education were 0.32 (95 percent confidence interval: 0.14‐0.71) and 0.45 (95 percent confidence interval: 0.23‐0.88), respectively. No relationship between maternal occupation or household income and the risk of children's dental caries was found.ConclusionsHigher levels of parental education, in particular maternal education, may be associated with reduced risk of dental caries in preschool children.