bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated recognition of quasi‐planar ignimbrite sheets as paleosurfaces via robust segmentation of digital elevation models: an example from the Central Andes
Authors: Székely Balázs , Koma Zsófia , Karátson Dávid , Dorninger Peter , Wörner Gerhard , Brandmeier Melanie , Nothegger Clemens 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTQuasi‐planar morphological surfaces may become dissected or degraded with time, but still retain original features related to their geologic‐geomorphic origin. To decipher the information hidden in the relief, recognition of such features is required, possibly in an automated manner. In our study, using Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) digital elevation model (DEM), an existing algorithm has been adapted to recognize quasi‐planar features fulfilling specified criteria. The method has been applied to a study area of the Central Andes with Miocene to Quaternary volcanic edifices, tilted ignimbrite surfaces, and basin‐filling sediments. The result is a surface segmentation, whereas non‐planar features (gullies, tectonic faults, etc.) are sorted out. The main types of geomorphic features that can be distinguished and interpreted are as follows. (1) The west‐dipping western margin of the Altiplano is differentiated into segments of the lower sedimentary cover that of increased erosion by tectonic steepening at intermediate levels, and an upper plane with limited erosion. (2) In the central part of the Western Cordillera, the Oxaya ignimbrite block shows a ‘striped’ bulging pattern that results from a smoothly changing surface dip. This pattern is due to continuous folding/warping of the ignimbrite block possibly related to gravitational movements. (3) To the west, large, uniform planes correspond to flat, smooth, tectonically undisturbed surfaces of young sedimentary cover of the Central Basin. (4) The evolution of Taapaca volcanoes with sector collapse events and cone‐building phases is shown by several segments with overlapping clastic aprons. (5) To the east, on the western margin of the Altiplano, young intermontane basins filled by Upper Miocene sediments show progressively increasing dip toward basin margins, reflected by a circular pattern of the segmentation planes. We show that the segmentation models provide meaningful images and additional information for geomorphometric analysis that can be interpreted in terms of geological and surface evolution models. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chromium resistance of dandelion (Taraxacum platypecidum Diels.) and bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon [Linn.] Pers.) is enhanced by arbuscular mycorrhiza in Cr(VI)-contaminated soils
Authors: Wu Song-Lin , Chen Bao-Dong , Sun Yu-Qing , Ren Bai-Hui , Zhang Xin , Wang You-Shan 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

In a greenhouse pot experiment, dandelion (Taraxacum platypecidum Diels.) and bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon[Linn.] Pers.), inoculated with and without arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Rhizophagus irregularis, were grown in chromium (Cr)-amended soils (0 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, and 20 mg/kg Cr[VI]) to test whether arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis can improve Cr tolerance in different plant species. The experimental results indicated that the dry weights of both plant species were dramatically increased by AM symbiosis. Mycorrhizal colonization increased plant P concentrations and decreased Cr concentrations and Cr translocation from roots to shoots for dandelion; in contrast, mycorrhizal colonization decreased plant Cr concentrations without improvement of P nutrition in bermudagrass. Chromium speciation analysis revealed that AM symbiosis potentially altered Cr species and bioavailability in the rhizosphere. The study confirmed the protective effects of AMF on host plants under Cr contaminations. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014; 33:2105–2113. © 2014 SETAC
Disassociation of verbal learning and hippocampal volume in type 2 diabetes and major depression
Authors: Ajilore O. , Lamar M. , Medina J. , Watari K. , Elderkin‐Thompson V. , Kumar A. 
Published: June 2014

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between verbal learning and memory performance and hippocampal volume in subjects with co‐morbid type 2 diabetes and major depression compared with healthy control subjects and subjects with type 2 diabetes alone.MethodsTwenty four subjects with type 2 diabetes and 20 subjects with type 2 diabetes and major depression were recruited from endocrinology clinics and were compared with 32 healthy control subjects recruited from the community. Subjects were scanned on a 1.5 T GE scanner, and hippocampal volumes were measured using Freesurfer. The California Verbal Learning Test assessed learning and memory. Significant predictors of verbal learning performance (e.g., age, gender, education, blood pressure, stroke risk, hemoglobin A1c, and hippocampal volume) were determined using a stepwise linear regression.ResultsSubjects with diabetes and depression had significantly worse performance on verbal list learning compared with healthy control subjects. Hippocampal volume was a strong predictor of performance in healthy control subjects, and age and hippocampal volume were strong predictors in subjects with type 2 diabetes alone. Age alone was a significant predictor of verbal learning performance in subjects with diabetes and depression.ConclusionsThe relationship between hippocampal volume and performance on the California Verbal Learning Test is decoupled in subjects with type 2 diabetes and major depression and this decoupling may contribute to poor verbal learning and memory performance in this study population. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The relationship between changes in quality of life outcomes and progression of Alzheimer's disease: results from the Dependence in AD in England 2 longitudinal study
Authors: Trigg Richard , Jones Roy W. , Knapp Martin , King Derek , Lacey Loretto A. ,   for the DADE‐2 Investigator Groups
Published: June 2014

ObjectiveThe relationship between conventional indicators of Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression and quality of life (QoL) outcomes is unclear. Dependence on others has been recommended as a unifying construct in defining AD severity. This study examined the relationship between indicators of disease severity (including dependence) and changes in QoL and utility over 18 months.MethodsA multi‐centre, cohort study was conducted across 18 UK sites. One hundred and forty‐five patients with possible/probable AD and their caregivers completed assessments of disease severity (Dependence Scale, Mini‐mental state examination, Neuropsychiatric Inventory, Disability Assessment for Dementia), dementia‐specific QoL (DEMQOL, DEMQOL‐Proxy) and generic health‐related utility (EQ‐5D) at both time points.ResultsThere was evidence of individual change in QoL over 18 months, with over 50% of patients reporting either maintenance or improvement of life quality. The EQ‐5D proxy suggested a mean decline in QoL, whereas the DEMQOL‐Proxy indicated overall improvement. In the subsample of people who self‐reported QoL and utility, no mean change was evident. Changes in dependence did not explain changes on any QoL or utility outcome. There was a weak association between the EQ‐5D proxy and changes in cognition, whereas changes on the DEMQOL‐Proxy were partly explained by changes in behavioural disturbance.ConclusionsThe natural progression of AD over 18 months does not lead to inevitable decline in QoL or utility. There are no clear or consistent direct relationships between changes in disease severity and QoL outcomes. The impact of increasing dependence and worsening disease severity is likely buffered by a combination of psychological, social and environmental factors. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The clock drawing test, mortality, incident cardiovascular events and dementia
Authors: Peters Ruth , Beckett Nigel , Pereira Lisa , Poulter Ruth , Pinto Elisabete , Ma Shuping , Dumitrascu Dan , Barrowdale Daniel , Butler Michael , Fletcher Astrid , Bulpitt Christopher 
Published: June 2014

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to examine the association of the clock drawing test (CDT) with incident dementia, cardiovascular events and mortality in very elderly hypertensive patients.MethodAll participants were hypertensive and aged 80 years and over. The CDT was administered at baseline and annually thereafter. Data on incident cardiovascular, fatal events and dementia were collected over follow‐up.ResultsThere were 3845 participants recruited and followed up for a mean of 2.1 years. Of these, 2701 completed a CDT with 2259 available at baseline. Of this group, 6.6% had a cardiovascular event, 6.1% died, and 10% were diagnosed with dementia. There was no relationship between baseline CDT score and subsequent cardiovascular events or mortality. For incident dementia, the hazard ratio was 0.88 (95% confidence intervals 0.83–0.94) suggesting that better performance on the baseline CDT was associated with a lower risk of dementia.ConclusionThese results provide tentative support for the CDT alongside other cognitive screening tools in a hypertensive elderly population. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Charge‐Transfer Complexes of Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Sosorev Andrey Yu. , Paraschuk Dmitry Yu. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractDonoracceptor blends of conjugated polymers (CPs) are workhorse materials for the state‐of‐the‐art polymer solar cells. Although earlier it was suggested that charge transfer in these blends occurred only in the excited electronic state, a body of evidence for ground‐state charge transfer and the corresponding charge‐transfer complex (CTC) formation has been reported in the last decade. In some CP:acceptor blends, the CTC is pronounced and can be noticed visually as a colour change, while in more common CP:fullerene blends it is very weak. However, in both, the CTC governs charge separation, which is the key photophysical process for organic solar cells, through so‐called charge‐transfer states. Moreover, the pronounced CTC can substantially modify the blend properties: extend the blend absorption in the red and infrared regions, change the morphology to facilitate donoracceptor intermixing, stimulate polymer self‐organization and ordering, and increase the polymer photooxidation stability. Addition of one of the strongest organic acceptors, 2,3,5,6‐tetrafluoro‐7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4‐TCNQ), to the CP:fullerene blend is an example of organic doping (a CTC with full charge transfer), improving the blend structural and electronic properties and finally the solar cell performance. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on CTCs in various CP:acceptor blends and the impact of CTC on the blend properties and the device performance.
DESIGNING AN IF–THEN RULES‐BASED ENSEMBLE OF HETEROGENEOUS BANKRUPTCY CLASSIFIERS: A GENETIC ALGORITHM APPROACH
Authors: Davalos Sergio , Leng Fei , Feroz Ehsan H. , Cao Zhiyan 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARYThis paper proposes a framework for an ensemble bankruptcy classifier that uses if–then rules to combine the outputs from a heterogeneous set of classifiers. A genetic algorithm (GA) induces the rules using an asymmetric, cost‐sensitive fitness function that includes accuracy and misclassification costs. The GA‐based ensemble classifier outperforms individual classifiers and ensemble classifiers generated by other methods. The results of the classifier are in the form of if–then rules. We apply the approach to a balanced dataset and an imbalanced dataset. Both are composed of firms subject to financial distress and cited in the US Securities and Exchange Commission's Accounting and Auditing Enforcement Releases. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface modification of SU‐8 for enhanced cell attachment and proliferation within microfluidic chips
Authors: Hamid Qudus , Wang Chengyang , Snyder Jessica , Sun Wei 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAdvances in micro‐electro‐mechanical systems (MEMS) have led to an increased fabrication of micro‐channels. Microfabrication techniques are utilized to develop microfluidic channels for continuous nutrition supply to cells inside a micro‐environment. The ability of cells to build tissues and maintain tissue‐specific functions depends on the interaction between cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM). SU‐8 is a popular photosensitive epoxy‐based polymer in MEMS. The patterning of bare SU‐8 alone does not provide the appropriate ECM necessary to develop microsystems for biological applications. Manipulating the chemical composition of SU‐8 will enhance the biological compatibility, giving the fabricated constructs the appropriate ECM needed to promote a functional tissue array. This article investigates three frequently used surface treatment techniques: (1) plasma treatment, (2) chemical reaction, and (3) deposition treatment to determine which surface treatment is the most beneficial for enhancing the biological properties of SU‐8. The investigations presented in this article demonstrated that the plasma, gelatin, and sulfuric acid treatments have a potential to enhance SU‐8's surface for biological application. Of course each treatment has their advantages and disadvantages (application dependent). Cell proliferation was studied with the use of the dye Almar Blue, and a micro‐plate reader. After 14 days, cell proliferation to plasma treated surfaces was statistically significantly enhanced (p < 0.00001), compared to untreated surfaces. The plasma treated surface is suggested to be the better of the three treatments for biological enhancement followed by gelatin and sulfuric acid treatments, respectively. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B: 473–484, 2015.
Rapid Skeletal Turnover in a Radiographic Mimic of Osteopetrosis
Authors: Whyte Michael P , Madson Katherine L , Mumm Steven , McAlister William H , Novack Deborah V , Blair Jo C , Helliwell Timothy R , Stolina Marina , Abernethy Laurence J , Shaw Nicholas J 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT

Among the high bone mass disorders, the osteopetroses reflect osteoclast failure that prevents skeletal resorption and turnover, leading to reduced bone growth and modeling and characteristic histopathological and radiographic findings. We report an 11-year-old boy with a new syndrome that radiographically mimics osteopetrosis (OPT), but features rapid skeletal turnover. He presented at age 21 months with a parasellar, osteoclast-rich giant cell granuloma. Radiographs showed a dense skull, generalized osteosclerosis and cortical thickening, medullary cavity narrowing, and diminished modeling of tubular bones. His serum alkaline phosphatase was &gt;5000 IU/L (normal &lt;850 IU/L). After partial resection, the granuloma re-grew but then regressed and stabilized during 3 years of uncomplicated pamidronate treatment. His hyperphosphatasemia transiently diminished, but all bone turnover markers, especially those of apposition, remained elevated. Two years after pamidronate therapy stopped, bone mineral density (BMD) Z-scores reached +9.1 and +5.8 in the lumbar spine and hip, respectively, and iliac crest histopathology confirmed rapid bone remodeling. Serum multiplex biomarker profiling was striking for low sclerostin. Mutation analysis was negative for activation of lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (LRP4), LRP5, or TGFβ1, and for defective sclerostin (SOST), osteoprotegerin (OPG), RANKL, RANK, SQSTM1, or sFRP1. Microarray showed no notable copy number variation. Studies of his nonconsanguineous parents were unremarkable. The etiology and pathogenesis of this unique syndrome are unknown. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Changes in the rheological properties of wheat dough during short‐term storage of wheat
Authors: Hadnađev Miroslav , Dapčević Hadnađev Tamara , Pojić Milica , Torbica Aleksandra , Tomić Jelena , Rakita Slađana , Janić Hajnal Elizabet 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe aim of the present study was to investigate the ability of the small‐ and large‐deformation fundamental rheological tests to monitor the changes during short‐term post‐harvest storage of wheat.RESULTSAt the end of wheat storage period, wet gluten quantity decreased, while gluten index increased in comparison to those of freshly harvested samples. The rheological properties of dough changed over the pre‐defined period of storage in terms of becoming more elastic and less extensible in comparison to that of freshly harvested wheat. Visco‐elastic properties of weaker flour samples changed more markedly during storage than those of stronger flours, indicating that the intensity of dough rheological changes during wheat storage might be dependent on gluten quality and were the characteristic of wheat variety.CONCLUSIONIt was shown that small deformation dynamic oscillation and large deformation creep‐recovery tests can be successfully employed to monitor the changes in flour quality during wheat storage and that required storage period after wheat harvesting has to be defined according to wheat variety initial rheological properties and its gluten quality. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
BDNF Val66Met polymorphism in primary adult‐onset dystonia: A case‐control study and meta‐analysis
Authors: Gómez‐Garre Pilar , Huertas‐Fernández Ismael , Cáceres‐Redondo María Teresa , Alonso‐Canovas Araceli , Bernal‐Bernal Inmaculada , Blanco‐Ollero Alberto , Bonilla‐Toribio Marta , Burguera Juan Andrés , Carballo Manuel , Carrillo Fátima , Catalán‐Alonso María José , Escamilla‐Sevilla Francisco , Espinosa‐Rosso Raúl , Fernández‐Moreno María Carmen , García‐Caldentey Juan , García‐Moreno José Manuel , García‐Ruiz Pedro José , Giacometti‐Silveira Sandra , Gutiérrez‐García Javier , Jesús Silvia , López‐Valdés Eva , Martínez‐Castrillo Juan Carlos , Martínez‐Torres Irene , Medialdea‐Natera María Pilar , Méndez‐Lucena Carolina , Mínguez‐Castellanos Adolfo , Moya Miguel , Ochoa‐Sepulveda Juan José , Ojea Tomás , Rodríguez Nuria , Sillero‐Sánchez Miriam , Vargas‐González Laura , Mir Pablo 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundA polymorphism in brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) (Val66Met) has been reported as a risk factor in primary dystonia. However, overall the results have been inconclusive. Our aim was to clarify the association of Val66Met with primary dystonia, and with the most prevalent clinical subtypes, cervical dystonia and blepharospasm.MethodsWe conducted a Spanish multicenter case‐control study (including 680 primary dystonia patients and 788 healthy controls) and performed a meta‐analysis integrating our study and six previously published studies (including a total of 1,936 primary dystonia patients and 2,519 healthy controls).ResultsWe found no allelic or genotypic association with primary dystonia, cervical dystonia, or blepharospasm risks, for the allele A (Met) from a BDNF Val66Met polymorphism in our case‐control study. This was confirmed by results from our meta‐analysis in white and mixed ethnic populations in any genetic model.ConclusionWe did not find any evidence supporting the association of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism with primary dystonia. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Misclassification in assessment of diabetogenic risk using electronic health records
Authors: Winterstein Almut G. , Kubilis Paul , Bird Steve , Cooper‐DeHoff Rhonda M. , Nichols Greg A. , Delaney Joseph A. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTPurposeSuspected diabetogenic effects or drug indication may increase testing for diabetes mellitus (DM), resulting in measurement bias when evaluating diabetogenic drug effects. We sought to evaluate the validity of electronic health record data in determining DM risk.MethodsWe used time‐dependent Cox proportional hazard models within a retrospective cohort design to assess associations between use of antihypertensives, statins, atypical antipsychotics, and antidepressants, and two endpoints: (i) DM onset defined as fasting blood glucose (BG) ≥126 mg/dl, random BG ≥200 mg/dl, HbA1c ≥7.0%, or antidiabetic drug initiation; and (ii) first negative DM test. We used Poisson regression to assess the influence of these drugs on DM testing rates. Patients aged 35–64 years enrolled in Kaiser Permanente Northwest between 1997 and 2010 entered the cohort at the first negative BG test after ≥6 months without manifest DM.ResultsAll drug classes showed significant associations not only with DM onset but also with first negative BG test and with DM testing rates. Antipsychotics had the greatest diabetogenic risk (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 1.73 [1.44–2.08]), the greatest propensity for a first negative test (adjusted HR = 1.87 [1.74–2.01]), and the highest testing rate (adjusted rate ratio = 1.76 [1.72–1.81]. Although renin–angiotensin system blockers and calcium channel blockers have shown no diabetogenic risk in clinical trials, both were associated with DM (HR = 1.19 [1.12–1.26] and 1.27 [1.17–1.38]), a negative glucose test (1.38 [1.35–1.41] and 1.24 [1.20–1.28]), and increased testing rates (rate ratio = 1.26 [1.24–1.27] and 1.27 [1.25–1.28]).ConclusionCaution should be used when diabetogenic risk is evaluated using data that rely on DM testing in general practice. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development and performance evaluation of an ultralow flow nanoliquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry set‐up
Authors: Köcher Thomas , Pichler Peter , De Pra Mauro , Rieux Laurent , Swart Remco , Mechtler Karl 
Published: June 2014

LC‐MS/MS is the most commonly used technique for the identification and characterization of proteins. The efficiency of the electrospray process is a critical factor in LC‐MS/MS. Despite the benefits associated with very low flow rates for the ionization efficiency, most LC‐MS/MS platforms are operated at relatively high flow rates. The purpose of this work was to develop a nano LC system operable at a flow rate of 20 nL/min, applicable for routine analysis in proteomics laboratories. Peptide separation was performed with an analytical column packed with 2 μm porous chromatographic beads, a length of 25 cm and an inner diameter (i.d.) of 25 μm. Practical usability, reproducibility, and overall performance of the system were evaluated with a tryptic peptide mixture generated from HeLa cells. Using 100 ng of sample, we identified on average 3721 protein groups based on 25,699 peptides. We demonstrate that the number of peptides identified with this system increases with decreasing flow rates. Probing the sensitivity of the set‐up we analyzed only 10 ng of the sample, identifying an average number of 2042 protein groups based on 11 424 peptides. All MS data have been deposited in the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD000396 (http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org/dataset/PXD000396).