bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applying of machine learning methods to evaluate the financial decentralization reforms in the context of ensuring inclusive and sustainable growth of regions
Authors: Guryanova Lidiya , Gvozdytskyi Vitalii , Yatsenko Roman , Litovchenko Irina , Besedovskyi Oleksii 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The structure of the model basis for assessing the effectiveness of financial decentralization reforms, developed on the basis of such Artificial Intelligence Methods as Kohonen neural networks, methods of cluster analysis, taxonomy, principal components, panel data, production-institutional functions, convergence analysis methods is proposed. An assessment of the impact of financial decentralization reforms on the pace of socio-economic development of territories, on the convergence-divergence of regional development and on the resistance of regions to “shocks” was carried out. Models have been developed to assess the impact of the level of financial decentralization on the rate of convergence of regional development and the human development index using panel data analysis methods. Models of production and institutional functions have been developed to determine the potential for growth in resource efficiency by increasing the level of financial decentralization. Models for classifying the internal regions of Ukraine according to the level of financial decentralization and resource efficiency of production and economic systems have been developed. The proposed model basis can be used to build dynamic maps for assessing the effectiveness of financial decentralization reforms in order to monitor and adapt regional development strategies.
On the mathematical quantification of inequality in probability distributions
Authors: Rajaram R , Ritchey N , Castellani B 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A fundamental challenge in the study of probability distributions is the quantification of inequality that is inherently present in them. Some parts of the distribution are more probable and some others are not, and we are interested in the quantification of this inequality through the lens of mathematical diversity, which is a new approach to studying inequality. We offer a theoretical advance, based on case-based entropy and slope of diversity, which addresses inequality for arbitrary probability distributions through the concept of mathematical diversity. Our approach is useful in three important ways: (1) it offers a universal way to measure inequality in arbitrary probability distributions based purely on the entropic uncertainty that is inherent in them and nothing else; (2) it allows us to compare the degree of inequality of arbitrary parts of any distribution (not just tails) and entire distributions alike; and (3) it can glean out empirical rules similar to the 80/20 rule, not just for the power law but for any given distribution or its parts thereof. The techniques shown in this paper demonstrate a more general machinery to quantify inequality, compare the degree of inequality of parts or whole of general distributions, and prove or glean out empirical rules for general distributions based on mathematical diversity. We demonstrate the utility of this new machinery by applying it to the power law, the exponential and the geometric distributions. The 60 − 40 rule of restricted diversity states that 60 percent or more of cases following a power law (or more generally a right skewed distribution) reside within 40 percent or less of the lower bound of Shannon equivalent equi-probable (SEE) types as measured by case-based entropy. In this paper, we prove the 60 − 40 rule for power law distributions analytically. We also show that in all power law distributions, the second half of the distribution is at least 4 times more uniformly distributed as the first. Lastly, we also show a scale-free way of comparing probability distributions based on the idea of mathematical diversity of parts of a distribution. We use this comparison technique to compare the exponential and power law distribution, and obtain the exponential distribution as an entropic limit of the power law distribution. We also demonstrate that the machinery is applicable to discrete distributions by proving a general result regarding the comparison of parts of the geometric distribution.
Acoustic signal adversarial augmentation for pressure pipeline leakage detection
Authors: Wang Kaixuan , Yang Yong , Zhao Xiaoli 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Pressure pipelines are prone to leakage under harsh working condition for a long time, and the leakage detection reaches unsatisfactory performance due to influence of background noise and insufficient sample for acoustic signals. Therefore, the acoustic signals adversarial augmentation method is proposed for pressure pipeline leakage detection based on noise reduction and sample generation. By deeply connecting with generative adversarial network (GAN), denoising autoencoder (DAE) and residual network (ResNet), the adversarial denoising and generation model (ADGM) is established to reduce the noise of acoustic signal. In addition, the trained DAE of ADGM is applied to augment the acoustic samples, thereby completing adversarial augmentation of acoustic signal, which is significant for pressure pipeline leakage detection. Besides, the pipeline leakage experiment is implemented to validate the proposed method on noise reduction and sample generation, which can reach pressure pipeline detection accuracy of 93.02% based on augmented acoustic signal. Further, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method are tested by ablation experiments and comparative methods.
Exploring fabrication strategies and innovative applications of ionic polymer metal composites: state-of-the-art review
Authors: Ch Sridhar Yesaswi , Avvari Venkata Dinesh , Sahu Santosh Kumar , Sreekanth P S Rama , Barick Aruna Kumar , Salunkhe Sachin , Cep Robert , Abouel Nasr Emad 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Various studies have been conducted to investigate the development of sustainable materials that possess the ability to respond to specific stimuli while preserving their original form. Electric energy is the most appealing way to stimulate Ionic Polymer Metal Composites (IPMC), allowing them to act as actuators and sensors. IPMCs are excellent alternatives despite challenging manufacturing conditions due to their good strain rates, quick responsive nature, high reliability, and mechanical compatibility. IPMC materials are highly sought after for their bio-inspired features. Researchers are developing IPMC materials that can act as thrusters, which entails establishing scientific and engineering groundwork and grasping operational principles. Nonetheless, a substantial understanding of the factors affecting their competence and persistence has been achieved through these efforts. Moreover, there is progress in developing effective processing techniques to fabricate IPMC. In this paper, IPMC mechanisms and respective fabrication techniques are reviewed in brief. Similarly, applications of the IPMCs in various fields are also discussed.
Optimal reactive power dispatch with renewable energy sources using hybrid whale and sine cosine optimization algorithm
Authors: P Venkatesh , Kumar K Sri 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The optimization of reactive power dispatch entails the complex challenge of controlling and managing the flow of reactive power in power networks to maintain desired voltage levels across many buses. Nowadays, there is a rising preference for employing renewable energy sources rather than traditional thermal generators. This change presents both challenges and possibilities for power system operators and managers. This paper addresses the Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch (ORPD) problem by presenting a novel approach that incorporates solar and wind power plants into existing power networks using the Hybrid Whale and Sine Cosine Optimisation Algorithm (HWSCOA). Solar and wind power plants are established at bus 5 and bus 8 respectively to replace traditional thermal generators in a specific case study using the IEEE 30-bus system. To handle uncertainties associated with load demand changes and the intermittent nature of renewable energy generation, the study employs probability density functions and a variety of scenarios. The primary goal is to minimize power losses in transmission cables while also lowering voltage changes throughout the network. To address uncertainty in load demands and renewable energy output, a scenario-based methodology is used, generating 30 different scenarios to cover all conceivable outcomes. By presenting the ORPD challenge as an optimization problem, the study hopes to achieve considerable reductions in power losses and voltage variations from nominal levels. The findings of this study reveal encouraging results, including significant reductions in power losses and optimized voltage stability even under shifting conditions.
Crisis of Education Remediation Plans
Authors: Colvin Molly , Reesman Jennifer Linton , Glen Tannahill 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Educational plans for remediation of attenuated gains have varied enormously across districts. There is currently no known intervention that would produce sufficient gains in a time- or cost-effective manner. There is no unified or standardized remediation intervention and efforts may be hampered by level of participation, scaled costs and parental awareness of losses at the individual level. This chapter reviews those disparate approaches and the fallout of the failure of remediation plans to meet the significant needs of children, including a push to change cutoffs and definitions of proficiency, and reduced access to advanced coursework. Troubling long-term impacts include a fiscal cliff for school systems that jeopardizes the public education system as we know it.
The process using a synthetic library that generates multiple diverse human single domain antibodies
Authors: Tornetta Mark A , Whitaker Brian P , Cantwell Olivia M , Pisors Eileen D , Han Lu , MacWilliams Maria P , Jiang Hao , Zhou Fulai , Chiu Mark L 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Single domain antibodies (sdAbs) possess unique characteristics that make them highly effective for developing complex therapeutics.

Methods
Our process uses a fully synthetic phage display library to generate single domain antibodies that can bind to disease relevant antigen conformations. A human IGHV3 family scaffold makes up the phage display libraries, and these VHO libraries are applied to diverse phage biopannings against target antigens. After NGS processing, unique VHOs undergo automated cloning into expression constructs followed by transfections and purifications. Binding assays were used to determine VHO binding behaviors to the target proteins. Additional VHO interactions are measured against endogenous targets on cells by way of flow cytometry, cell internalization, and activation assays.

Results
We show that a fully synthetic phage display library can generate VHOs that bind to disease relevant antigen conformations. The diverse biopanning methods and processing of next-generation sequencing generated many VHO paratopes. These different VHO sequences can be expressed as Fc fusion proteins. Various screening assays resulted in VHOs representing different epitopes or activities. During the hit evaluation, we demonstrate how screening can identify distinct VHO activities that have been used to generate differentiated drug molecules in various bispecific and multispecific antibody formats.

Conclusion
We demonstrate how screening can identify distinct VHO activities that have been used to generate differentiated drug molecules in various bispecific and multispecific antibody formats.
Grace periods and exposure misclassification in self-controlled case-series studies of drug–drug interactions
Authors: Zhang Hanxi , Bilker Warren B , Leonard Charles E , Hennessy Sean , Miano Todd A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The self-controlled case-series (SCCS) research design is increasingly used in pharmacoepidemiologic studies of drug–drug interactions (DDIs), with the target of inference being the incidence rate ratio (IRR) associated with concomitant exposure to the object plus precipitant drug vs the object drug alone. While day-level drug exposure can be inferred from dispensing claims, these inferences may be inaccurate, leading to biased IRRs. Grace periods (periods assuming continued treatment impact after days’ supply exhaustion) are frequently used by researchers, but the impact of grace period decisions on bias from exposure misclassification remains unclear. Motivated by an SCCS study examining the potential DDI between clopidogrel (object) and warfarin (precipitant), we investigated bias due to precipitant or object exposure misclassification using simulations. We show that misclassified precipitant treatment always biases the estimated IRR toward the null, whereas misclassified object treatment may lead to bias in either direction or no bias, depending on the scenario. Further, including a grace period for each object dispensing may unintentionally increase the risk of misclassification bias. To minimize such bias, we recommend (1) avoiding the use of grace periods when specifying object drug exposure episodes and (2) including a washout period following each precipitant exposed period.
This article is part of a Special Collection on Pharmacoepidemiology.
Identifying cell type-specific transcription factor-mediated activity immune modules reveal implications for immunotherapy and molecular classification of pan-cancer
Authors: Li Feng , Wang Jingwen , Li Mengyue , Zhang Xiaomeng , Tang Yongjuan , Song Xinyu , Zhang Yifang , Pei Liying , Liu Jiaqi , Zhang Chunlong , Li Xia , Xu Yanjun , Zhang Yunpeng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Systematic investigation of tumor-infiltrating immune (TII) cells is important to the development of immunotherapies, and the clinical response prediction in cancers. There exists complex transcriptional regulation within TII cells, and different immune cell types display specific regulation patterns. To dissect transcriptional regulation in TII cells, we first integrated the gene expression profiles from single-cell datasets, and proposed a computational pipeline to identify TII cell type-specific transcription factor (TF) mediated activity immune modules (TF-AIMs). Our analysis revealed key TFs, such as BACH2 and NFKB1 play important roles in B and NK cells, respectively. We also found some of these TF-AIMs may contribute to tumor pathogenesis. Based on TII cell type-specific TF-AIMs, we identified eight CD8+ T cell subtypes. In particular, we found the PD1 + CD8+ T cell subset and its specific TF-AIMs associated with immunotherapy response. Furthermore, the TII cell type-specific TF-AIMs displayed the potential to be used as predictive markers for immunotherapy response of cancer patients. At the pan-cancer level, we also identified and characterized six molecular subtypes across 9680 samples based on the activation status of TII cell type-specific TF-AIMs. Finally, we constructed a user-friendly web interface CellTF-AIMs (http://bio-bigdata.hrbmu.edu.cn/CellTF-AIMs/) for exploring transcriptional regulatory pattern in various TII cell types. Our study provides valuable implications and a rich resource for understanding the mechanisms involved in cancer microenvironment and immunotherapy.
Enhancer-driven gene regulatory networks inference from single-cell RNA-seq and ATAC-seq data
Authors: Li Yang , Ma Anjun , Wang Yizhong , Guo Qi , Wang Cankun , Fu Hongjun , Liu Bingqiang , Ma Qin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Deciphering the intricate relationships between transcription factors (TFs), enhancers, and genes through the inference of enhancer-driven gene regulatory networks (eGRNs) is crucial in understanding gene regulatory programs in a complex biological system. This study introduces STREAM, a novel method that leverages a Steiner forest problem model, a hybrid biclustering pipeline, and submodular optimization to infer eGRNs from jointly profiled single-cell transcriptome and chromatin accessibility data. Compared to existing methods, STREAM demonstrates enhanced performance in terms of TF recovery, TF–enhancer linkage prediction, and enhancer–gene relation discovery. Application of STREAM to an Alzheimer's disease dataset and a diffuse small lymphocytic lymphoma dataset reveals its ability to identify TF-enhancer–gene relations associated with pseudotime, as well as key TF-enhancer–gene relations and TF cooperation underlying tumor cells.
71593 - Diabetes mellitus in pancreatoduodenectomy: postoperative complications and mortality - A Swedish national register-based study
Authors: Ekström Eva , Bergenfeldt Henrik , Fagher Katarina , Andersson Bodil 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) is high as well as the incidence of overall postoperative complications in patients with DM. This study aimed to analyze the effect of DM on complications and mortality in patients undergoing PD.

Method
Patients registered in the Swedish National Registry for Pancreatic and Periampullary Cancer 2010 to 2020 who underwent open PD were included. Data was cross-linked with the Swedish National Diabetes Register and postoperative complications and mortality were analyzed in patients with and without DM. A sub-analysis was performed to assess the impact of DM duration and HbA1c on complications.

Result
In total, 2 939 patients were included and 558 patients (19%) had DM. The incidence of pancreatic anastomotic leakage, PPH grade A-C and reoperation was lower in patients with DM (11% vs. 17%, p&lt;0.001; 6% vs. 10%, p=0.012; and 8%, vs. 10%, p=0.037, respectively). Patients with DM had a significantly lower risk of pancreatic anastomotic leakage (OR 0.13, p&lt;0.001), surgical and medical complications (Clavien Dindo ≥3a, OR 0.66 p=0.030 and OR 0.74 p=0.022, respectively) and estimated POPF grade C (OR 0.54, p=0.044). A 5-10 year DM duration and HbA1c 60-69 mmol/mol were protective of complications. Thirty day mortality and 90-day mortality were equal in patients with and without DM (both groups: 2%, p=0.922 and 3%, p=0.900, respectively).

Discussion
In this study, DM did not increase the risk of postoperative complications or mortality after PD, but rather seemed to lower the risk of pancreatic anastomotic leakage and postoperative complications.
71849 - Identifying the symptom burden in patients with palliative upper gastrointestinal cancer - results from the HOPE study
Authors: Wilder Björn , Larsson Emil , Taflin Helena , Mattison Cecilia Engström , Iresjö Britt-Marie , Biörserud Christina , Wennerblom Johanna Hansson 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Patients with upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancers are usually diagnosed with an advanced tumour stage. This contributes to limited opportunities for curative therapy and dismal overall 5-year survival rates. Between 50-80% of all patients are not eligible for surgery, thus requiring palliative oncological care (PC) or best supportive care (BSC). Since most patients with UGI cancer can be found in this group, it is important to investigate the symptom burden in those receiving BSC in order to optimize care.

Method
Patients with UGI cancer who were recommended BSC without prior curative or palliative treatment at a multidisciplinary team (MDT) at Sahlgrenska University Hospital between 2018 – 2021, were included in this retrospective study. Baseline demographic, blood tests, symptoms, need for in-hospital care and interventional procedures were collected for all patients.

Result
Three hundred and fifty-five patients with UGI-cancer were included in the study. Mean age was 79 years and 52% were male. Symptom burden and interventions are presented in Table 1. The median survival time from MDT were 69 days. Eighty-five percent of the patients required hospitalization after MDT of which 29% were hospitalized twice or more. Mean total length of stay was 14 days. Twenty-eight percent of the patients died in hospital.

Discussion
Patients with UGI cancers receiving BSC present a high morbidity and need for in-hospital care. While further subgroup analysis will be conducted, this preliminary data supports the need for structuralized care as many of the symptoms may be treatable and could strongly impact the quality of life.
72198 - Pain management after minimally invasive gastrectomy: do we need epidural analgesia?
Authors: Azizi Elina , Okumura Yasuhiro , Lindblad Mats , Nilsson Magnus , Rouvelas Ioannis , Grip Jonathan , Klevebro Fredrik 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Epidural analgesia has been gold standard for postoperative pain management in gastric cancer surgery. As minimally invasive (MI) techniques have reduced the surgical trauma, the necessity of epidurals is questioned. This study aimed to evaluate if MI gastrectomy without epidural analgesia was associated with shorter hospital stays and fewer complications compared to MI gastrectomy with epidural analgesia.

Method
Patients undergoing MI gastrectomy for cancer at Karolinska University Hospital (Jan 2015–Aug 2023) were identified. Data were collected prospectively in an institutional database and retrospectively from medical records. Primary outcome was length of hospital stay. Secondary outcomes included postoperative complications, pain scores, need of postoperative norepinephrine and days in higher care units.

Result
Among 211 patients, 43 (20.4%) had epidurals, and 168 (79.6%) did not, with 12 (7%) of the latter requiring epidurals postoperatively. Epidural patients had lower pain scores (p&lt;0.001) but required median 11.5h longer norepinephrine infusion (p&lt;0.001) and 1 day longer in high dependency care unit (p&lt;0.001). Both overall (55.8% vs 39.9% p=0.060) and severe surgical complications (20.9% vs 9.5% p=0.039) were more common in the epidural group. Median hospital stay was 1 day longer in the epidural group (p&lt;0.001), multivariable adjusted difference was 1.15 days (95% CI: -9.12, -2.37, p=0.034).

Discussion
MI gastrectomy without epidural analgesia was associated with advantages including shorter hospital stays, fewer postoperative complications, reduced postoperative norepinephrine use, and decreased high dependency care duration. Both groups experienced satisfactory pain relief, demonstrating that MI gastrectomy without epidural analgesia can be associated with improved outcomes.
72094 - Ultrasonic scissors reduce postoperative seroma after mastectomy and axillary surgery: a single operator experience
Authors: Kihl Karin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Seroma formation and subsequent aspiration frequently occurs after mastectomy. A commonly associated complication after aspiration is infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of using ultrasonic advanced energy device (UED) to reduce seroma.

Method
Patients who had non-reconstructive mastectomy, with or without axillary surgery, using a UED were retrospectively compared with those using electrocautery (EC). Primary endpoints were seroma aspiration within 90 days and secondary endpoints were surgical site infection (SSI) and operation time. All procedures were conducted by the same surgeon (KC).

Result
Twenty-nine UED patients were compared with 79 EC patients. There were no major differences in basic characteristics between the two groups. In the UED group 10.3% required seroma aspirations compared with 43.1% in the EC group (p&lt;0.001). There was 5.9% of UED patients who had infections compared with 13.9% of EC patients (p=0.32). Average length of operation was 122.2 minutes for UED compared with 96.6 minutes for EC (p=0.003) (table 1).

Discussion
Although the operative time was longer with UED, there were significantly fewer patients who needed seroma aspirations and who developed SSI. Despite there was a clinically relevant difference in SSI of 8% in favor of- UED, this difference was not statistically significant.