bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic Review of Cardiovascular Outcomes with Sulfonylureas, GLP-1 RA, and DPP-4 Inhibitors in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Hau Koo Thai , Mafauzy Mohamed , Bin Leong Xue 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Despite advances in glycemic control, managing cardiovascular risk remains a critical challenge. This systematic review aims to assess and compare the cardiovascular outcomes associated with three classes of antidiabetic medications: sulfonylureas, Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) in patients with T2DM. A systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar, were searched for relevant studies published between 2019 and 2023. Inclusion criteria were adults (≥18 years) with T2DM, studies assessing cardiovascular outcomes with the specified medications, randomized controlled trials, observational studies, or meta-analyses. Two independent reviewers performed data extraction and risk of bias assessments. From the initial 1,543 records, 12 studies were included involving 61,534 patients. As a result, GLP-1 RAs demonstrated favorable cardiovascular safety and efficacy, particularly in reducing major adverse cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. DPP-4 inhibitors were associated with neutral cardiovascular outcomes but indicated an elevated risk of cardiac failure in some studies. In recent studies, sulfonylureas, previously associated with cardiovascular concerns, showed no consistent evidence of increased cardiovascular risk. These findings highlight the importance of personalized treatment strategies to optimize cardiovascular outcomes in patients with T2DM.
A Retrospective Analysis of Postpartum Adherence to Follow-up in High-risk Obstetric Patients in Primary Care
Authors: Corral Guilherme , Harb Crystel , Lodhra Zara , Turner Amanda , Parker Erin , Thackeray Bridget , Van De Putte Nichole 
Published: July 2024

Background and Objectives:
Texas is a state with a well-documented statistical rate of the nation’s highest maternal mortality rates. Maternal mortality has a multiplicity of risk factors including gestational complications, not limited to diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and preeclampsia. The high-risk obstetrics (HROB) initiative was created at CommuniCare Health Centers in San Antonio, TX, to provide resources to obstetric (OB) patients identified as high risk for perinatal and postpartum complications. The goal of this analysis is to assess the consistency with which HROB patients enrolled present to the first and second OB postpartum follow-up visits and subsequently family medicine follow-up visits.

Methods:
The patients were enrolled in this initiative based on a criterion for being considered high risk for obstetrical complications including hypertensive disease, preeclampsia, eclampsia, and diabetes mellitus. One hundred ninety-two patient charts were reviewed and 180 were included in this retrospective analysis.

Results:
A multivariate analysis revealed that an adjusted odds ratio for postpartum follow-up among HROB patients was 1.65 (95% confidence interval = 0.71–3.83). A positive trend was observed for HROB patients’ OB postpartum follow-up visits, whereas a negative trend was observed for family medicine postpartum follow-up visits.

Conclusion:
Prevention strategies aimed at reducing postpartum loss to follow-up identified in this study could promote better health outcomes among HROB patients in San Antonio, TX.
Acquired Spur-Like Bony Growth Over the Previous Fibulectomy Site Following the Management of Both Bone Leg Fracture Nonunion: A Case Report
Authors: Dharmshaktu Ganesh Singh , Dharmshaktu Ishwar Singh , Yadav Krishna Dev Singh 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Exophytic bony outgrowths have many differential diagnoses, with osteochondroma being the most common. The de novo development of a well-defined bony growth over the location of a previous surgery is a rare occurrence. Here, we describe a case of gradual development of a small bony exophytic lesion over the fibula diaphysis as a delayed complication of the previous fibulectomy. The index surgical procedure of fibulectomy was coupled with bone grafting at the tibial nonunion site following failed conservative management of the tibia fracture. The tibia fracture eventually united after the bone graft procedure. However, there was a gradual development of the aforementioned bony outgrowth noted in serial radiographs at the site of the previous fibulectomy. The growing lesion was also palpable on deep palpation over the corresponding site, and the excision of the lesion revealed a solid bony mass. Histopathology showed the lesion to be composed of mature bony tissue without any evidence of a cartilage cap. No recurrence or complication was noted in the fourteen-month follow-up. The diagnosis of an acquired exostosis was established based on clinical, radiological, and histopathological evaluation.
Arthroscopic Ankle Arthrodesis in Post-Traumatic Ankle Arthritis with Compromised Soft Tissue: A Case Report
Authors: Regmi Anil , Meena Pradeep Kumar , Niraula Bishwa Bandhu , Aditya K.S. , Bansal Shivam , Maheshwari Vikas K. , Karn Rahul , Bondarde Parshwanath Ajit Kumar 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
The most common surgical treatment for end-stage ankle arthritis remains ankle arthrodesis. Dealing with the site of an incision in the ankle with poor soft tissue condition poses a challenge. The procedure of choice in cases of poor soft tissue condition around the ankle following an open ankle fracture remains questionable. This report presents a case of post-traumatic ankle arthritis with compromised soft tissue status. The patient was managed with arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis, taking into account the condition of the soft tissue.

Case Report:
A 25-year-old presented with advanced arthritis in the right ankle and compromised soft tissue condition. Arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis was performed, taking into account the poor soft tissue condition, where the soft tissue healing after the incision is expected to be poor, and sutures of the arthroscopic portal site were removed at the two-week follow-up, after adequate healing of the surgical site.

Conclusion:
Arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis is a preferred procedure for post-traumatic ankle arthritis with compromised soft tissue. However, in cases of ankle arthritis associated with gross deformity requiring ankle arthrodesis and additional deformity correction, open ankle arthrodesis may be superior to arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis.
Transosseous Suture Fixation in Quadriceps Rupture: A Surgical Technique and a Case Report
Authors: Regmi Anil , Niraula Bishwa Bandhu , Aditya K. S. , Maheshwari Vikas , Jayakrishnan Pranav , Meena Pradeep Kumar , Karn Rahul , Bondarde Parshwanath 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
An important goal of surgical treatment of the quadriceps or patellar tendons is to provide sufficient strength for performing range-of-motion exercises soon after surgery. A popular treatment for repair of acute quadriceps tendon rupture is to insert sutures through patellar bone tunnels, which yields good to excellent results in most cases.

Objective:
We report the case of quadriceps tendon rupture in a young male, his radiological findings, intervention received, and the review of relevant literature as well as outcomes.

Case Presentation:
A 29-year-old obese man presented with a 10-day-old quadriceps rupture, which was repaired with transosseous patellar fixation. A 6-month follow-up revealed a satisfactory clinical and functional outcome.

Discussion and Conclusion:
Repair of acute quadriceps tendon tear repair by passing sutures through patellar bone tunnels is a popular and successful technique to preserve the knee extensor mechanism and to provide sufficient strength for range-of-motion exercises.
Management Outcome of an Open Intertrochanteric with Associated Neck of Femur Fracture: A Rare Case Series
Authors: Kaganur Raghavendra , Regmi Anil , Paul Nirvin , Niraula Bishwa Bandhu , Sarkar Bhaskar , Azam Quamar , Khan Moin , Maheshwari Vikas 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Intertrochanteric hip fractures are rare in young adults due to numerous soft tissue around the bone in the proximal femur. These fractures present a significant challenge for orthopedic surgeons in managing soft tissues, fracture reduction, fixation, and maximizing functional outcomes. Treatment of such injuries aims to prevent infection and achieve stable fixation and fracture union while reducing pain.

Objective:
This paper aims to present the series of open proximal femur fractures successfully managed with delayed intramedullary fixation, with a satisfactory functional and radiological outcome.

Materials and Methods:
Patients with an open proximal femoral fracture from Jan 2021 to Jan 2023 were evaluated retrospectively. Primary debridement was done at the earliest, and once the wound healed around 10–14 days later, definitive internal fixation by cephalo-medullary nailing was done. Patients were followed regularly at monthly intervals for 3 months, then every third month till the last follow-up at the end of 1 year to assess functional and radiological outcomes.

Results:
Three male patients with a mean age of 36 years with AO type 31A2.3 fracture were presented at a mean duration of 4 h, where primary debridement was done at a mean interval of 3.67 h from presentation, and the mean duration of definitive fixation was noted to be 12 days. Fracture union was noted at a mean interval of 26 weeks. There was no evidence of osteonecrosis of the femoral head after union. At the final follow-up, all patients had a VAS of 2/10 and a mean HHS of 82.6.

Conclusion:
In open intertrochanteric with the neck of femur fractures, delayed cephalomedullary fixation after aggressive primary debridement and after soft tissue recovery helps to decrease the risk of infection and provides the advantage of early mobilization and favorable functional and radiological outcomes.
Socioeconomic Impact of Injury-Related Amputations In Terms of Disability-Adjusted Life Year: Observational Study from a level-1 Trauma Center in Hilly Terrain
Authors: Yadav Arvind Kumar , Regmi Anil , Sarkar Bhaskar , Kumar Ajay , Uniyal Madhur , Azam MD Quamar 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
Trauma has been attributed as a major cause of amputation in developing countries. It has considerable effects on the emotional and psychological states of individuals. In this study, we used disability-adjusted life years (DALY) and SF-12 score to analyze the impact of amputation on disability status and wellbeing of patients undergoing amputation. Our hypothesis was that victims of traumatic amputation, often being from the younger age groups, may exhibit specific patterns in these indicators.

Materials and Methods:
The study was conducted between June 2020 and May 2022 at a level-1 trauma center. Data were collected retrospectively from the hospital records and by telephonic conversation with patients. Patients who underwent amputation due to accidental causes were included in the study. DALY and SF-12 scores were calculated at 1-year follow-up.

Results:
The total number of amputations performed during the specified period was 161. After considering the exclusion criteria, 104 patients were included for data analysis. The mean age of patients was 38.26 ± 17.9 years. The mean of DALY among amputation cases as a result of accidents was 9.16 ± 4.9. The mean SF-12 score was 79.6 ± 7.1.

Conclusion:
Amputation due to accidents including road traffic injury results in considerable loss of years with disability (DALY), as most of the cases belong to the productive age group. It also has adverse effects on physical as well as mental aspects of health. Hence, holistic preventive and rehabilitative measures are the need of the hour.
Malaysian newspaper coverage of the 2012 and 2016 Olympic Games
Authors: Cheong Jadeera Phaik Geok , Chew Elsa , Razman Rizal , Khoo Selina 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The Olympic Games, as a major global sporting event, have received extensive media coverage. However, there is no published study on the media coverage of Malaysian newspapers in the Games.

Aims and Objectives:
The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare the newspaper coverage of the 2012 and 2016 Olympic Games across four English-language Malaysian newspapers.

Methodology:
The primary objective of this research is to scrutinize all articles and photographs published from the opening day to the closing ceremony of the Olympic Games. Various factors considered in the analysis include the frequency of coverage, total number of articles and photographs, size of articles and photographs, nationality, gender representation, and article placement. The sample for this study includes Malay Mail, New Straits Times, The Sun, and The Star. Data collection involved gathering articles and photographs published during the specified time frame of the Olympic Games. The collected data were then analyzed using quantitative methods to determine trends and patterns in newspaper coverage. This study utilized a summative content analysis method to determine and compare the frequency, amount, and size of newspaper coverage.

Results:
The findings indicate a decline in overall coverage from 3,009 articles in 2012 to 2,783 articles in 2016. Additionally, there was a decrease in the size of news articles, from 33,422.823 square inches in 2012 to 30,670.271 square inches in 2016. However, the size of photographs increased substantially in 2016 compared to 2012, rising from 24,349.514 square inches to 40,254.556 square inches. Most of the coverage was concentrated on the sports pages, with only 14% of articles in 2012 and 4% in 2016 featured on the front page. In terms of gender representation, males were prominently featured over females in both 2012 and 2016. Additionally, there was a higher prevalence of articles and photographs showcasing foreign nationals compared to Malaysians in both years.

Conclusion:
The study reveals significant differences in the newspaper coverage of the Olympic Games between 2012 and 2016 in Malaysian newspapers. These findings provide valuable insights into the media portrayal of the Olympics and contribute to a better understanding of the role of newspapers in shaping public perception of sporting events. To our knowledge, this is the first data on Malaysian newspaper coverage of the Olympics. Most articles were published in the sports sections, and the average size of articles and photos was larger compared to other countries. There were more articles featuring male subjects than female subjects, with males receiving more coverage overall. Additionally, there was more coverage of foreign athletes compared to Malaysians. Future research could explore the bias in reporting gender and nationality in Malaysian English-language newspapers.
Overcoming the challenges of cataract blindness in Nigeria: An action plan for ophthalmologists
Authors: Ayorinde Olutoke O. , Olusanya Bolutife A. , Bekibele Charles O. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to explore the eye care provider factors responsible for low cataract surgical rates (CSRs) in Nigeria and to develop an action plan to boost the CSR.

Methods:
This was a cross-sectional survey of ophthalmologists practicing in Nigeria. An online questionnaire was distributed via E-mail and social media platforms to respondents. Data collected included sociodemographic characteristics, type, and location of the eye hospital where respondents practiced, cataract surgeries performed monthly, frequency and type of outreach activities by the eye hospitals, barriers to uptake of cataract surgery at the hospitals, and suggestions on measures to overcome such barriers. Statistical analysis was done using IBM-SPSS version 20, and the level of significance was P < 0.05.

Results:
A total of 201 ophthalmologists responded to the survey. Majority (88.0%) were practicing in university or government hospitals while only 8 (4.0%) were working in mission hospitals. The average monthly cataract surgeries performed per hospital ranged from 0 to 600, with a median of 30 surgeries. Mission hospitals were more likely to perform ≥50 cataract surgeries per month compared to other hospitals (P = 0.003). Majority (75.1%) of hospitals organized outreach activities to identify cataract patients. Higher frequency of outreach activities (P = 0.028) and combining surgery with screening (P = 0.036) were associated with a higher likelihood that the cataract patients that were identified received surgery.

Conclusion:
The conduct of frequent outreach activities in which eye screening and cataract surgery are combined should boost CSRs and reduce the burden of cataract blindness in Nigeria.
Prevalence of elevated blood pressure and hypertension and its associated factors among children attending high schools in a rural panchayath of Kerala
Authors: Elipparakkal Najla , Ouseph Jose 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

CONTEXT:
Hypertension (HTN) in childhood and adolescence causes premature atherosclerosis and early cardiovascular disease. Although asymptomatic, they may have target organ damage. In 2017, the American Academy of Pediatrics updated the Clinical Practice Guideline for screening and managing high blood pressure (BP) in children and adolescents. However, no published studies from India have utilized this updated criterion for pediatric HTN. The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic forced many children to spend long hours indoors, with increased exposure to digital devices and decreased physical activity. Hence, this study was done to assess the prevalence of HTN among children and to find associated risk factors.

AIMS:
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of elevated BP and HTN among children attending high schools of a rural panchayath in Kerala, to evaluate the anthropometric and epidemiological factors associated with elevated BP among them, and to find the prevalence of obesity among these children.

SETTINGS AND DESIGN:
This is a school-based cross-sectional study conducted among students attending high schools in Ambalappuzha North panchayat of Alappuzha, Kerala.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The study was conducted over 9 months from November 2022 to July 2023. Consent was requested from parents of all children (N = 847) studying in high schools. Children who provided assent and met the inclusion–exclusion criteria were enrolled (N = 576). Data were collected using a pre-validated semi-structured questionnaire. Children were interviewed about their lifestyle, including physical activity, sleep, diet, and exposure to smoking. Height and weight were recorded, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. BP was measured using a digital oscillometric apparatus (OMRON HEM 7143T1A).

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED:
Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 16 software.

RESULTS:
The study population comprised 345 boys and 231 girls. Elevated BP affected 12.3%, while stage I HTN affected 0.7% of the screened children. Additionally, 16% of the screened children were overweight, 8% were obese, and 7.5% were undernourished. The prevalence of abnormal BP (elevated BP + HTN) was 10.3% among children with normal BMI, 18.47% among overweight. and 26.08% among obese children.

CONCLUSIONS:
Elevated BP, HTN, obesity, and overweight are prevalent among adolescent children in Ambalappuzha North Panchayath, a rural coastal area. High BMI correlates with elevated BP and HTN and should be the focus of interventions.
Comparison of two dosage regimens of iron in preterm infants for the prevention of iron deficiency: A prospective interventional study
Authors: Asha S. , Anand M.R. , Remesh Preetha , Vishnu Mohan P.T. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND:
The majority of infants born <32 weeks of gestation develop anemia. The cause depends on multiple factors, most common being iron deficiency. Iron being a major nutrient, its deficiency may lead to irreversible neurodevelopment and cognitive impairment and overdose lead to neurodegeneration and gastrointestinal intolerance. Although the need for iron and outcome of iron deficiencies has been studied much, valid studies pertaining dosage for prevention of iron deficiency in preterm infants are insufficient.

OBJECTIVE:
To compare two dosage regimens of iron for the prevention of iron deficiency among preterm infants born <32 weeks at 6 weeks of chronological age.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A prospective interventional study performed in a level III neonatal intensive care unit. A total of 64 infants with <32 weeks of gestation were studied, were classified into two grouped, and initiated with iron at two different doses (2 and 4 mg/kg/day). The preintervention and postintervention hemoglobin and serum ferritin were compared at 6 weeks of chronological age.

RESULTS:
Of the 32 babies with iron initiated at 2 mg/kg/day, 21 babies had low hemoglobin level and 11 babies had normal hemoglobin level, and 10 babies had low ferritin level and 22 babies had normal ferritin level.
Of the 32 babies with iron at 4 mg/kg/day, all babies had normal hemoglobin and ferritin levels.

Conclusion:
The incidence of anemia is lower in the infants receiving iron at 4 mg/kg/day compared with infants receiving iron at 2 mg/kg/day.
Pengaruh Terapi Musik Terhadap Penurunan Kecemasan: Tinjauan Literatur
Authors: Naibaho Amelia Elisabeth , Fadhila Filza , Daulay Wardiyah 
Published: July 2024

Kecemasan merupakan suatu keadaan yang dapat diakibatkan oleh beberapa faktor, baik internal maupun eksternal. Kecemasan dapat berdapak negatif bagi individu. Kecemasan dapat ditangani dengan beberapa terapi salah satunya ialah terapi musik. Terapi musik berperan dalam pelepasan perasaan individu pada masalah emosional, memunculkan suasana hati yang positif, membantu pemecahan masalah, dan memperbaiki konflik pribadi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Literature Review. Pencarian literatur dilakukan terkait dengan Pengaruh Terapi Musik Terhadap Penurunan Kecemasan berikut : Science Direct, Google Schoolar, dan PubMed. Pencarian terkait judul dibatasi rentang waktu dari tahun 2019-2023. Pada dasarnya, musik dapat bersifat preventif dalam usaha penyembuhan terhadap penderita yang mengalami sosial emosional maupun mental intelegensi serta sebagai intervensi non-farmakologi bagi perawat dalam merawat pasien agar tidak terlalu cemas.