bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomechanical comparison of a novel castless arthrodesis plate with T-plate and cross pin techniques for canine partial carpal arthrodesis
Authors: Miles A. W. , Pollintine P. , Burton N. J. 
Published: March 2013

SummaryObjectives: To describe a novel canine castless partial carpal arthrodesis plate (par-CA) and its ex vivo biomechanical comparison with T-plate and cross pinning techniques for canine partial carpal arthrodesis.Methods: The three implant systems were applied to three cohorts of six forelimbs from Greyhounds euthanatized for reasons unrelated to the study. Intercarpal and carpometacarpal palmar fibrocartilage and ligaments were sectioned. Potentiometers were applied between the radial carpal and third metacarpal bones to measure micromotion, and limbs were loaded at 30% of bodyweight at 1 Hertz for 10,000 cycles on a servo-hydraulic universal testing machine. Following assessment of micromotion, limbs were loaded to failure at 20 mm/s and ultimate strength, ultimate displacement, and stiffness were measured.Results: The T-plate (p <0.01) and par-CA (p <0.01) had reduced micromotion relative to the cross pin constructs but there was no significant difference between the control, T-plate and par-CA constructs. There was no significant difference in ultimate strength between constructs. Ultimate displacement was reduced in the plated constructs. Stiffness did not differ between constructs.Clinical significance: The novel par-CA construct was biomechanically similar to the T-plate and both were superior to cross pins in resisting micromotion. There was no difference in load at failure between constructs. The par-CA plate permits radial and ulnar carpal bone compression, a more distal location of the plate to limit impingement, and placement of screws in two metacarpal bones; features which may offer clinical benefits over T-plate fixation.
Defect nonunion of a metatarsal bone fracture in a cow
Authors: Singh N. , Singh T. , Gopinathan A. , Mohindroo J. , Atri K. , Raghunath M. 
Published: March 2013

SummaryA two-and-half-year-old cow was presented with a defect nonunion of the right metatarsal III/IV bone following a severely comminuted open fracture two months previously. The animal underwent open fixation using a 4.5 mm, broad, 10-hole, dynamic compression plate and autogenous cancellous bone graft collected from the contralateral iliac shaft. The animal started partial weight bearing after the third postoperative day and resumed complete weight bearing after the 10th day. Fracture healing was complete and the implants were removed after the 120th postoperative day. Stable fixation by means of a bone plate in conjunction with a cancellous bone graft facilitated complete healing and restoration of the bone column of the defect and the metatarsal fracture. The animal made a complete recovery.
Efficacy of Entecavir Switch Therapy in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients with Incomplete Virological Response to Telbivudine
Authors: Lo Angeline Oi-Shan , Wong Vincent Wai-Sun , Wong Grace Lai-Hung , Chan Hoi-Yun , Cheung Christina Man-Tung , Chan Henry Lik-Yuen 
Published: March 2013

Background The roadmap concept suggests the use of on-treatment HBV DNA to guide treatment strategy of chronic hepatitis B patients treated by telbivudine. Our aim was to validate the roadmap approach of entecavir switch therapy in patients with incomplete response to telbivudine. Methods Consecutive chronic hepatitis B patients on telbivudine monotherapy were studied. Incomplete virological response was defined as detectable HBV DNA after 6–12 months of treatment. Maintained virological response was defined as undetectable HBV DNA until the last follow-up. Results Among the 79 patients on telbivudine, 39 (49%) had undetectable HBV DNA after 6–12 months of telbivudine treatment and 40 (51%) had incomplete virological response. In total, 33 incomplete responders switched to entecavir at 11 months (6–23), and 26 (79%) achieved maintained virological response after 25 months (4–46). Low HBV DNA level before switch therapy was the independent factor associated with maintained virological response to entecavir ( P=0.01). A total of 24 of 25 (96%) patients with HBV DNA<2,000 IU/ml, versus 2 of 8 (25%) patients with HBV DNA≥2,000 IU/ml, had maintained virological response after switching to entecavir. Although rtM204I and/or rtL180M was detected in 3 of 7 patients with incomplete virological response to entecavir, none of the patients with HBV DNA<2,000 IU/ml during telbivudine treatment harboured these amino acid substitutions. Conclusions Roadmap approach using entecavir switch at month 6–12 among incomplete responders to telbivudine is recommended if the HBV DNA is <2,000 IU/ml at the time of switching.
Cytotoxicity of Ganciclovir on Cultured Human Corneal Endothelial Cells
Authors: Choi Won Seok , Koh Jae Woong , Chung Tae Young , Hyon Joon Young , Wee Won Ryang , Shin Young Joo 
Published: March 2013

Background Intraocular cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections, including endotheliitis and retinitis, have been reported to threaten the host's vision. These infections have been treated with systemic or intravitreal GCV injection. Intracameral GCV injection can be an effective treatment option that avoids systemic side effects. The cytotoxic effect of ganciclovir (GCV) on cultured human corneal endothelial cells (HCECs) was evaluated. Methods HCECs were cultured and exposed to various concentrations (0–20 mg/ml) of GCV (Cytovene®). Cell viability was assessed by the Cell Counting Kit-8 method and live/dead viability/cytotoxicity assays. Cell morphology was assessed using phase-contrast microscopy after 48 h exposure to GCV. Cell cycle and apoptosis were analysed using NC-3000 to evaluate the effect of GCV on HCECs. The cell proliferation rate was evaluated by a bromodeoxyuridine proliferation assay. Results Cytotoxicity tests showed that GCV had a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect on HCECs. GCV concentrations of ≥5 mg/ml resulted in a significant reduction in cell viability. Higher concentrations of GCV resulted in cell cycle delay, low proliferation rate, and an increased number of apoptotic cells, indicating activation of the pro-apoptotic pathway. Conclusions Our results suggest that intracameral GCV concentrations of ≥5 mg/ml may increase the risk of corneal endothelial damage, although GCV concentrations of ≤0.5 mg/ml do not decrease cell viability.
Effect of hydrocarbon contamination on streaming potential
Authors: Forté Sarah , Bentley Laurence R. 
Published: March 2013

In the last decade, spontaneous potentials have been used to map reduced groundwater contaminant plumes. The measured signal includes contributions of both the streaming potential and the geo‐chemical electrical potential and for these applications the geochemical electrical potential is of interest. Therefore, the streaming potential must be modelled and subtracted from the measured spontaneous potential. Streaming potential is caused by the displacement of ions in the electrical double layer on sediments due to hydraulic head gradients in the fluid within a porous medium. Commonly, the streaming current coupling coefficient is assumed to be constant when modelling the streaming potential both inside and outside a contaminant plume. We postulated that organic contaminants might change the sediment surface properties, thereby affecting the streaming potential signature.To test this hypothesis, we used sediment and groundwater samples from hydrocarbon impacted field sites. Samples were equilibrated with water from the site for several weeks before the tests. Each sample was split into two and tested with clean water and hydrocarbon polluted water in an apparatus constructed following the design of Sheffer (). The streaming current coupling coefficient of the polluted sub‐samples was lower than that of the unpolluted sub‐samples for five of the six samples tested. Other parameters measured were hydraulic conductivity, cation exchange capacity and for the fluid: electrical conductivity, pH, major ions and hydrocarbons. Based on the values of the laboratory experiments, numerical modelling was used to demonstrate that the impact of these changes on field measurements is negligible.
L’Église catholique et la cause de l’environnement
Authors: Turina Isacco 
Published: March 2013

Depuis les années 1970, le magistère des papes a pris en compte la critique écologique et en a proposé une version compatible avec la tradition catholique. À ces déclarations, le Vatican n’a guère donné suite par un engagement efficace et cohérent. En Amérique latine cependant, où l’écologie et la cause des pauvres sont étroitement liées, la théologie de la libération et les « communautés de base » ont sérieusement abordé les problèmes environnementaux.
Hymnes à la vie ?
Authors: Bernardina Sergio Dalla 
Published: March 2013

Les animaux taxidermisés sont revenus à la mode. Les raisons de cet engouement sont multiples, allant de l’amour pour les sciences naturelles à la passion pour le « vintage ». En toile de fond, l’idéalisation du rapport à la nature (tout ce qui est naturel est beau, sain et moral) et la nostalgie pour un monde féerique où les bêtes et les hommes auraient vécu en harmonie. Si l’animal mort nous intéresse, c’est qu’il renvoie au vivant. Mais il nous intéresse aussi, et peut-être davantage, en tant que mort : un mort multifonctionnel qui, grâce aux avancées de l’éthologie, s’apparente de plus en plus à un être humain.
Strongly 0-dimensional Modules
Authors: Hakan Oral Kürşat , Ayşen Özkirişci Neslihan , Tekir Ünsal 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn a multiplication module, prime submodules have the following property: if a prime submodule contains a finite intersection of submodules, then one of the submodules is contained in the prime submodule. In this paper, we generalize this property to infinite intersection of submodules and call such prime submodules strongly prime submodules. A multiplication module in which every prime submodule is strongly prime will be called a strongly 0-dimensional module. It is also an extension of strongly 0-dimensional rings. After this we investigate properties of strongly 0-dimensional modules and give relations of von Neumann regular modules, Q-modules and strongly 0-dimensional modules
Upper Bounds for the Essential Dimension
of E7
Authors: MacDonald Mark L. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract.This paper gives a new upper bound for the essential dimension and the essential 2-dimension of the split simply connected group of type E7 over a field of characteristic not 2 or 3. In particular, ed(E7) ≤ 29, and ed(E7, 2) ≤ 27.
Prosthodontic Rehabilitation of a Patient with Subtotal Maxillectomy using a Hollow Bulb Obturator
Authors: Rani Gita , Gambhir Amarjeet 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT
Successful prosthetic reconstruction of hemimaxillectomy defects is a challenging procedure that requires multidisciplinary expertize to achieve acceptable function, speech and esthetics. Rehabilitation of an acquired maxillary defect improves the quality of life for the patient as close to normal as possible. Obturation of the defect depends on its volume and position of remaining hard and soft tissues, to be utilized for retention, stability and support for the prosthesis. The prosthesis should be simple to handle, easy to maintain, biocompatible, light in weight and convenient for future adjustments. This case report describes a clinical case of subtotal maxillectomy, which was successfully rehabilitated with a hollow bulb obturator.

How to cite this article
Rani G, Gambhir A. Prosthodontic Rehabilitation of a Patient with Subtotal Maxillectomy using a Hollow Bulb Obturator. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2012; 2(1):24-28.
Significance of Autotaxin Activity and Overexpression in Comparison to Soluble Intercellular Adhesion Molecule in Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Hassan Azza M. , El-Din Mohamed A. Alm , Nagy Hala , Ghoneem Naglaa , El-Heniedy Mohamed A. , Koteb Nessreen , El-Gohary Salah 
Published: March 2013

Background The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of autotaxin (ATX) activity and gene expression compared to soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) in thyroid carcinoma. Patients and Methods Sixty-five patients with thyroid swelling were included. There were 20 cases of simple multinodular goiter (group I), 15 cases of follicular adenoma (group II) and 30 cases of thyroid cancer (group III). Group III was further subdivided into negative and positive lymph nodes (group IIIa and IIIb; 22 and 8 cases, respectively). sICAM-1 concentration and ATX activity were measured using colorimetric enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while ATX gene expression was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results sICAM-1 level, ATX activity and gene expression were significantly elevated in patients with thyroid carcinoma compared to other groups. The ATX activity showed significantly higher sensitivity and specificity than sICAM-1 (100% and 97.1% vs 93.3% and 88.6%, respectively). Both sICAM-1 and ATX values were significantly higher in patients with positive lymph nodes compared to those without lymph node involvement (p<0.001). Higher levels of ATX activity and gene expression were significantly correlated with larger tumor size and undifferentiated pathological subtype in thyroid carcinoma. In this respect, ATX was superior to sICAM-1. Conclusion Our data suggest that ATX activity and gene expression are reliable diagnostic and prognostic tools in thyroid carcinoma compared to sICAM-1.
Need for Cognition Is Related to the Rejection (but Not the Acceptance) of False Memories
Authors: LEDING JULIANA K. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Need for cognition (NFC) and rates of false recognition were studied in the context of the memory conjunction paradigm. Past research has shown that NFC is related to false recognition and false recall (Graham, 2007; Leding, 2011) in the Deese–Roediger–McDermott (DRM) paradigm, with high-NFC people experiencing more false memories. The present study extended this research to determine whether the findings of high-NFC people experiencing higher levels of false memories could be extended to other false memory paradigms. The present study also examined rates of high-confidence rejections of lures and recollection rejection responses. It was found that there were no significant differences for high- and low-NFC people in false recognition but that high-NFC people were more likely to use high-confidence rejections and have recollection rejection responses when they did reject lures.
Separate Pathway Characteristics of Numerical Surface Form Processing: Evidence From Operand-Related Error Effects
Authors: Zhang Ming-Liang , Si Ji-Wei , Zhu Xiao-Wen 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Two perspectives compete to explain how the surface form of digits affects cognitive processing of numerical magnitude; one argues for a common pathway and the other for separate pathways. This study examined the operand-related error effect in simple multiplication operations using different combinations of visually presented Arabic digits and auditorily presented Mandarin number words. The study suggested two conclusions, both consistent with the separate pathway perspective. First, the numerical surface form (Arabic digits, spoken Mandarin number words) affected retrieval. That is, surface properties were maintained as specific codes throughout processing. Second, the phonological code activated by spoken Mandarin number words interfered with activation of answers during retrieval.
Contextual Influences on Dynamic Facial Expressions
Authors: Marian Diane E. , Shimamura Arthur P. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Participants viewed dynamic facial expressions that moved from a neutral expression to varying degrees of angry, happy, or sad or from these emotionally expressive faces to neutral. A contrast effect was observed for expressions that moved to a neutral state. That is, a neutral expression that began as angry was rated as having a mildly positive expression, whereas the same neutral expression was rated as negatively valenced when it began with a smile. In Experiment 2, static expressions presented sequentially elicited contrast effects, but they were weaker than those following dynamic expressions. Experiment 3 assessed a broad range of facial movements across varying degrees of angry and happy expressions. We observed momentum effects for movements that ended at mildly expressive points (25% and 50% expressive). For such movements, affect ratings were higher, as if the perceived expression moved beyond their endpoint. Experiment 4 assessed sad facial expressions and found both contrast and momentum effects for dynamic expressions to and from sad faces. These findings demonstrate new and potent contextual influences on dynamic facial expressions and highlight the importance of facial movements in social–emotional communication.
The Horizontal–Vertical Curvature Illusion in Touch Is Present in Three-Dimensional Objects and Raised Lines
Authors: Heller Morton A. , Smith Amy , Schnarr Rita , Larson Jennifer , Ballesteros Soledad 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The present study compared the strength of the horizontal–vertical illusion in blindfolded sighted people with raised-line curves and three-dimensional (3-D) objects. Although the horizontal– vertical curvature illusion has been reported with raised-line stimuli in both vision and touch, it was not known whether similar haptic distortion would be found with 3-D objects. Similar overestimation of verticals was found with both types of stimuli in Experiment 1. Experiment 2 used bimanual unrestricted exploration at the body midline and stimuli horizontal on the table surface or in the frontal plane. In Experiment 2, illusion strength was substantially stronger when the stimuli were frontal and diminished overall for the horizontal group. The horizontal– vertical illusion was strong with optimal methods of presentation (free bimanual exploration) in Experiment 2, even where radial–tangential scanning could not be a causal factor in the frontal group. The results suggest that illusory distortion in haptics is not the result of the use of raised lines, and these patterns can be effective surrogates for 3-D objects.
Polymer‐Based Magnetoelectric Materials
Authors: Martins Pedro , Lanceros‐Méndez Senentxu 
Published: March 2013

AbstractPolymer‐based magnetoelectric (ME) materials are an interesting, challenging and innovative research field, that will bridge the gap between fundamental research and applications in the near future. Here, the current state of the art on the different materials, the used configurations for the development of sensors and actuators, as well as the main values of the ME coupling obtained for the different polymer‐based systems are summarized. Further, some of the specific applications that are being developed for those polymer‐based ME materials are addressed as well as the main advantages and remaining challenges in this research field.
Printed, Flexible, Organic Nano‐Floating‐Gate Memory: Effects of Metal Nanoparticles and Blocking Dielectrics on Memory Characteristics
Authors: Kang Minji , Baeg Kang‐Jun , Khim Dongyoon , Noh Yong‐Young , Kim Dong‐Yu 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe effects of using a blocking dielectric layer and metal nanoparticles (NPs) as charge‐trapping sites on the characteristics of organic nano‐floating‐gate memory (NFGM) devices are investigated. High‐performance NFGM devices are fabricated using the n‐type polymer semiconductor, poly{[N,N′‐bis(2‐octyldodecyl)‐naphthalene‐1,4,5,8‐bis(dicarboximide)‐2,6‐diyl]‐alt‐5,5′‐(2,2′‐bithiophene)} (P(NDI2OD‐T2)), and various metal NPs. These NPs are embedded within bilayers of various polymer dielectrics (polystyrene (PS)/poly(4‐vinyl phenol) (PVP) and PS/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)). The P(NDI2OD‐T2) organic field‐effect transistor (OFET)‐based NFGM devices exhibit high electron mobilities (0.4–0.5 cm2 V−1 s−1) and reliable non‐volatile memory characteristics, which include a wide memory window (≈52 V), a high on/off‐current ratio (Ion/Ioff ≈ 105), and a long extrapolated retention time (>107 s), depending on the choice of the blocking dielectric (PVP or PMMA) and the metal (Au, Ag, Cu, or Al) NPs. The best memory characteristics are achieved in the ones fabricated using PMMA and Au or Ag NPs. The NFGM devices with PMMA and spatially well‐distributed Cu NPs show quasi‐permanent retention characteristics. An inkjet‐printed flexible P(NDI2OD‐T2) 256‐bit transistor memory array (16 × 16 transistors) with Au‐NPs on a polyethylene naphthalate substrate is also fabricated. These memory devices in array exhibit a high Ion/Ioff (≈104 ± 0.85), wide memory window (≈43.5 V ± 8.3 V), and a high degree of reliability.
Premolar root morphology and metric variation in Pan troglodytes verus
Authors: Moore N. Collin , Skinner Matthew M. , Hublin Jean‐Jacques 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTPremolar root form remains an important taxonomic character in hominin alpha taxonomy. Variation in detailed aspects of root structure remains poorly characterized in extant apes. This limited comparative context hinders evaluations of the significance of root form variation in hominin systematics. Using micro‐computed tomography we examine morphological variation in premolars in 51 (n = 128 premolars) West African chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus). We categorize premolar root/canal form and number, based on the external root surface and pulp canal morphology, and test for a relationship between canal configuration and sex, jaw size, tooth/root size and cervix shape. Jaw size and root size/shape were quantified using standard metrics, and geometric morphometrics was used to examine root form and cervix shape. Our results confirm previous findings in external root form, but reveal previously undocumented variation in mandibular premolar canal number/form in this subspecies. The LP3 and UP4 exhibit variation in canal number/form, while the UP3 is restricted to external root configurations. The LP4 expresses only a single root/canal form. Generally, in LP3 and UP4 there is no correlation between canal form/number and sex, root size, and jaw size; UP4 canal variation covaried with cervix shape and size. Cervix size is significantly greater in three canal UP4s than two canal UP4s. Our results highlight canal form/number as an important aspect when characterizing root form. The implications of our results for the taxonomic utility of root form within the hominoid and hominin clades are discussed. Am J Phys Anthropol 150:632–646, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.