bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of compact dual‐band bandpass filter using dual‐mode stepped‐impedance stub resonators
Authors: Yang Shuai , Lin Lei , Chen Jianzhong , Deng Kun , Liang Chang‐Hong 
Published: April 2014

A dual‐band bandpass filter (BPF) using a novel stepped‐impedance stub resonator (SISR) is presented. The proposed SISR is found to have the advantage that the even‐mode resonant frequencies can be flexibly controlled, whereas the odd‐mode resonant frequencies are fixed. Based on the proposed SISR, a dual‐band filter is implemented by tuning its geometric parameters. To improve the selectivity, a filter with four transmission zeros on either side of both passbands is designed by introducing a 0° feeding structure. A prototype of a dual‐band BPF centred at 1.84 and 2.65 GHz has been designed and fabricated. The measured results validate the full‐wave EM simulated results.
Design of power divider with bandpass response and notched band
Authors: Xiao Long , Peng Hao , Yang Tao 
Published: April 2014

A novel multilayer in‐phase slotline power divider with bandpass response and one tunable notched band is proposed. The presented power divider employs the structure of microstrip‐to‐slotline transition to split the input signals over the frequency range 3.5–10 GHz. A wide upper stopband is obtained by using an interdigital configuration and introducing a defected ground structure. A quarter‐wavelength short‐circuited stub is utilised to obtain the tunable notched band in the passband. The experimental results indicate that the proposed power divider has good phase balance, high isolation between output ports, good return losses at all ports and flat group delay over a wide frequency range.
Ultra‐energy‐efficient CMOS/magnetic non‐volatile flip‐flop based on spin‐orbit torque device
Authors: Jabeur K. , Di Pendina G. , Prenat G. 
Published: April 2014

The spin‐orbit‐torque magnetic tunnel junction (SOT‐MTJ) is a promising device for data storage. Most of the issues encountered with scalable spin transfer‐torque (STT) devices are visibly moved. Thanks to a three‐terminal architecture, the reliability is increased by separating the read and the write paths. Furthermore, SOT‐induced magnetisation switching can be very fast, thanks to a low‐resistive writing path. The writing operation is symmetrical. Thus, it requires the same current density to switch between the parallel and antiparallel states. All these advantages make the SOT‐MTJ device an ultimate candidate for introducing non‐volatility in ultra‐fast and power‐efficient integrated circuits. A mixed CMOS/magnetic non‐volatile flip‐flop (NVFF) is described. The proposed architecture offers the possibility to use the usual CMOS flip‐flop functionality with possible magnetic data store and restore operations while keeping non‐volatility when the circuit is powered off. With a 135 nm dimension, the SOT‐MTJ‐based NVFF demonstrated a very high switching with a 5× decrease in terms of writing energy/bit when compared with an STT device.
Miniature filtering power divider with increased isolation bandwidth
Authors: Chao Shih‐Fong , Li You‐Ruei 
Published: April 2014

A novel filtering power divider (PD) with an extended isolation bandwidth is proposed. Adopting a frequency‐dependent resistor–inductor–capacitor isolation network enabled designing and improving isolation performance. An embedded 90° filtering line was realised by employing two coupled quarter‐wavelength resonators to achieve a bandpass response and a compact circuit size. The filtering PD was designed and implemented at a centre frequency of 1 GHz, and the isolation bandwidth (> 20 dB) was extended from DC to 2.2f0.
Theoretical and experimental broadband tissue‐equivalent phantoms at microwave and millimetre‐wave frequencies
Authors: Aminzadeh R. , Saviz M. , Shishegar A.A. 
Published: April 2014

Several phantoms have been fabricated for reflection measurements from human tissues in the range of 26.5–40 GHz. For the first time, a novel composition is introduced for fabrication of low‐cost simple tissue‐equivalent phantoms. The effective medium theory is applied to estimate the dielectric properties of phantoms consisting of polyethylene (PE) powder and the results are verified by dielectric properties measurement on the proposed phantoms. It is shown that mixing theory can estimate the dielectric properties of the PE‐based phantoms with minimum error. Therefore, the amount of the ingredients can be estimated theoretically.
Improving windfarm operation practice through numerical modelling and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition data analysis
Authors: Castellani Francesco , Garinei Alberto , Terzi Ludovico , Astolfi Davide , Gaudiosi Mario 
Published: April 2014

Usually, wind energy assessment on a new windfarm is conducted with maximum effort prior to the installation of the turbines by using both numerical and experimental investigations. Yet, often the windfarm performances during operation are not as good as expected. This issue can be investigated with a deep analysis of the operational conditions of the windfarm. The large amount of data collected by the SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems installed on the turbines can be very helpful. In the present study, the performances of a windfarm were analysed through the elaboration of the SCADA data from a windfarm in southern Italy; in this site, Sorgenia Green installed nine aerogenerators with a rated power of 2 MW each, on a hilly area with gentle slopes. A systematic approach is proposed to isolate the downtime because of malfunctioning and a manifold investigation is applied to the operational phase: several methods (polar efficiency plot, multidimensional graphical analysis, sectorial power curve and misalignment index, respectively) are suggested and applied for unveiling the sectors where the production output is most affected by the wake interactions. Numerical windflow modelling is performed in the wind rose sectors where underproduction is highlighted by a SCADA data analysis: finally, a SCADA database is employed for testing the goodness of the simulations.
Quaternary Cu2CdSnS4 nanoparticles synthesised by microwave irradiation method
Authors: Guan Hao , Shi YuFen , Hou Haijun , Wang Xu , Yu Fangli 
Published: April 2014

Quaternary Cu2CdSnS4 (CCTS) nanoparticles were synthesised via a microwave irradiation method. The as‐synthesised CCTS nanoparticles were characterised by X‐ray diffraction, energy dispersive spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and UV–vis–NIR absorbance spectroscopy measurements. It is shown that the CCTS nanoparticles exhibit a sphere‐like shape and a suitable bandgap (Eg = 1.26 eV), indicating they are a potential candidate for application as the absorber layer in thin film solar cells.
Synthesis of Fe3O4@SiO2@Ce0.5Mn0.5O2 core–shell–shell magnetic submicrospheres as photocatalyst for methyl orange degradation
Authors: Zhang Linfeng , Wu Yuanxin 
Published: April 2014

Core–shell–shell composite (Fe3O4@SiO2@Ce0.5Mn0.5O2) submicrospheres were successfully synthesised by homogeneous precipitation of Ce and Mn on Fe3O4@SiO2 spheres, which were prepared by a modified sol–gel method with the presence of Fe3O4 particles. The synthesised multilayer‐structured nanocomposites were characterised by X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, a transmission electron microscope and a vibrating sample magnetometer. The results show that the magnetic Fe3O4 cores were well wrapped by the coating layer of SiO2 with a thickness of 20 nm in the amorphous phase, and the Ce0.5Mn0.5O2 nanoparticles with a diameter of about 20 nm were attached on the SiO2 shell. The magnetic measurements indicated that the Fe3O4@SiO2@Ce0.5Mn0.5O2 submicrospheres had a superparamagnetism property with the saturation magnetisation of 32.5 eum g−1. At the same time, the composites demonstrated a high photocatalytic activity for methyl orange (MO) degradation with efficiency up to 94.5% under UV irradiation within 1 h. Moreover, the submicrospheres were found to be stable under repeated applications of up to five successive cycles with a nearly constant photocatalytic activity. It is expected that the catalyst could be used for trace pollutants (MO) removal from water and recycled because of its superparamagnetism properties and high photocatalytic activity.
Morphology, structure, optical property and photoelectrochemical property of TiO2 nanoflower films synthesised via liquid phase deposition technique
Authors: Rahman M.Y.A. , Umar A.A. , Roza L. , Salleh M.M. 
Published: April 2014

This reported study was concerned with the synthesis of TiO2 nanoflowers as a photovoltaic material of the photoelectrochemical cell (PEC) via the phase liquid deposition technique. It highlighted the effect of the growth time on the morphology of TiO2 samples. Three growth times were chosen, namely 2, 4 and 6 h. The morphology was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The nanoflowers' morphology of the TiO2 sample grown for 4 h was then chosen to be characterised by cross‐sectional SEM, X‐ray diffraction, ultraviolet–visible and photoelectrochemical measurement. The sample was crystalline with anatase phase. The sample showed the strongest absorption at 330 nm. The TiO2 nanoflowers PEC demonstrated the Jsc and Voc of 0.046 mAcm−2 and 0.26 V, respectively.
Growth process and magnetic anisotropy of amorphous Lax Zny Oz nanowire arrays
Authors: Wang Fang‐Kuo , Yuan Xiao‐You 
Published: April 2014

Amorphous Lax Zny Oz nanowire arrays with average diameters of 90 nm have been fabricated by chemical co‐precipitation under subatmospheric pressure suction filtration in porous anodic aluminium oxide template. The growth process of Lax Zny Oz nanowire arrays was investigated through scanning electron microscopy, and the morphology, structure and components of the nanowire arrays were characterised by transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. The room temperature hysteresis loops of Lax Zny Oz nanowire arrays shows that the ratio of coercive force Hc (//)/Hc (⊥) achieved is about 13, and saturation magnetisation Ms (//)/Ms (⊥) is 1.3. The nanowire arrays possess obvious magnetic anisotropy arising from the shape anisotropy, and the easily magnetised direction is parallel to the axis of the nanowire arrays, which may determine potential applications on ultra‐high‐density magnetic memory material.
Photoisomerization action spectrum of retinal protonated Schiff base in the gas phase
Authors: Coughlan N. J. A. , Catani K. J. , Adamson B. D. , Wille U. , Bieske E. J. 
Published: April 2014

The photophysical behaviour of the isolated retinal protonated n-butylamine Schiff base (RPSB) is investigated in the gas phase using a combination of ion mobility spectrometry and laser spectroscopy. The RPSB cations are introduced by electrospray ionisation into an ion mobility mass spectrometer where they are exposed to tunable laser radiation in the region of the S1 ← S0 transition (420–680 nm range). Four peaks are observed in the arrival time distribution of the RPSB ions. On the basis of predicted collision cross sections with nitrogen gas, the dominant peak is assigned to the all-trans isomer, whereas the subsidiary peaks are assigned to various single, double and triple cis geometric isomers. RPSB ions that absorb laser radiation undergo photoisomerization, leading to a detectable change in their drift speed. By monitoring the photoisomer signal as a function of laser wavelength an action spectrum, extending from 480 to 660 nm with a clear peak at 615 ± 5 nm, is obtained. The photoisomerization action spectrum is related to the absorption spectrum of isolated retinal RPSB molecules and should help benchmark future electronic structure calculations.
Redox active motifs in selenoproteins
Authors: Li Fei , Lutz Patricia B. , Pepelyayeva Yuliya , Arnér Elias S. J. , Bayse Craig A. , Rozovsky Sharon 
Published: April 2014

Significance
In redox biology, the chemistry performed by proteins that contain the rare amino acid selenocysteine is frequently critical to the detoxification of reactive species that are harmful to cellular function. Selenocysteine and cysteine partner to form a motif featuring a sulfur–selenium covalent bond in many selenoproteins. This work demonstrates that selenium NMR, when paired with calculations, can provide critical insight concerning the local environment of these enigmatic redox motifs. It details how redox potentials, conformational preferences, and mobilities of such redox motifs change when the local environment of the selenocysteine is varied. Surprisingly, reverting selenocysteine to cysteine exerts only minor effects on redox potential. These new approaches deepen our understanding of the chemical reactivity and thermodynamic properties of selenoenzymes.
The Royal African Society,
African Affairs
and Apartheid: the Mustoe Controversy OF 1970
Authors: Youé Chris 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Divisions between the Royal African Society and its flagship journal African Affairs emerged in 1970 when the Vice-President of the Society, Nelson Mustoe Q.C., defended South African apartheid as ‘moral, feasible and reasonable.’ This statement, part of a letter to The Times , was offered in support of the upcoming Springbok cricket tour of Britain. The letter elicited a backlash from various groups, including the scholars behind African Affairs , and the political pressure led to the cancellation of the tour. This paper argues that the Mustoe controversy was an emblematic moment, symbolizing the transition of British Empire and commonwealth, the beginning of the political activism phase of the anti-apartheid movement in Britain, and South Africa's isolation on the world stage.
ThunderSTORM: a comprehensive ImageJ plug-in for PALM and STORM data analysis and super-resolution imaging
Authors: Ovesný Martin , Křížek Pavel , Borkovec Josef , Švindrych Zdeněk , Hagen Guy M. 
Published: April 2014

Summary: ThunderSTORM is an open-source, interactive and modular plug-in for ImageJ designed for automated processing, analysis and visualization of data acquired by single-molecule localization microscopy methods such as photo-activated localization microscopy and stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy. ThunderSTORM offers an extensive collection of processing and post-processing methods so that users can easily adapt the process of analysis to their data. ThunderSTORM also offers a set of tools for creation of simulated data and quantitative performance evaluation of localization algorithms using Monte Carlo simulations.
Availability and implementation: ThunderSTORM and the online documentation are both freely accessible at https://code.google.com/p/thunder-storm/
Contact: guy.hagen@lf1.cuni.cz
Supplementary information: Supplementary Data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Redundancy-weighting for better inference of protein structural features
Authors: Yanover Chen , Vanetik Natalia , Levitt Michael , Kolodny Rachel , Keasar Chen 
Published: April 2014

Motivation: Structural knowledge, extracted from the Protein Data Bank (PDB), underlies numerous potential functions and prediction methods. The PDB, however, is highly biased: many proteins have more than one entry, while entire protein families are represented by a single structure, or even not at all. The standard solution to this problem is to limit the studies to non-redundant subsets of the PDB. While alleviating biases, this solution hides the many-to-many relations between sequences and structures. That is, non-redundant datasets conceal the diversity of sequences that share the same fold and the existence of multiple conformations for the same protein. A particularly disturbing aspect of non-redundant subsets is that they hardly benefit from the rapid pace of protein structure determination, as most newly solved structures fall within existing families.
Results: In this study we explore the concept of redundancy-weighted datasets, originally suggested by Miyazawa and Jernigan. Redundancy-weighted datasets include all available structures and associate them (or features thereof) with weights that are inversely proportional to the number of their homologs. Here, we provide the first systematic comparison of redundancy-weighted datasets with non-redundant ones. We test three weighting schemes and show that the distributions of structural features that they produce are smoother (having higher entropy) compared with the distributions inferred from non-redundant datasets. We further show that these smoothed distributions are both more robust and more correct than their non-redundant counterparts.
We suggest that the better distributions, inferred using redundancy-weighting, may improve the accuracy of knowledge-based potentials and increase the power of protein structure prediction methods. Consequently, they may enhance model-driven molecular biology.
Contact: cheny@il.ibm.com or chen.keasar@gmail.com
Modeling disease progression using dynamics of pathway connectivity
Authors: Ma Xiaoke , Gao Long , Tan Kai 
Published: April 2014

Motivation: Disease progression is driven by dynamic changes in both the activity and connectivity of molecular pathways. Understanding these dynamic events is critical for disease prognosis and effective treatment. Compared with activity dynamics, connectivity dynamics is poorly explored.Results: We describe the M-module algorithm to identify gene modules with common members but varied connectivity across multiple gene co-expression networks (aka M-modules). We introduce a novel metric to capture the connectivity dynamics of an entire M-module. We find that M-modules with dynamic connectivity have distinct topological and biochemical properties compared with static M-modules and hub genes. We demonstrate that incorporation of module connectivity dynamics significantly improves disease stage prediction. We identify different sets of M-modules that are important for specific disease stage transitions and offer new insights into the molecular events underlying disease progression. Besides modeling disease progression, the algorithm and metric introduced here are broadly applicable to modeling dynamics of molecular pathways.Availability and implementation: M-module is implemented in R. The source code is freely available at http://www.healthcare.uiowa.edu/labs/tan/M-module.zip.Contact: kai-tan@uiowa.eduSupplementary information: Supplementary Data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Residues of Intertwining Operators for U(3,3) and Base Change
Authors: Cai Li , Xu Bin 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Let F be a p-adic local field with characteristic 0 and E/F a quadratic extension. Let σ=πG⊗πH be a supercuspidal representation of GL2(E)×UE/F(1,1) with πG conjugate self-dual. In this paper, we use a local approach developed by Shahidi to study the residue of the standard intertwining operator on the parabolic induced representation from σ to the quasi-split unitary group UE/F(3,3) at s=0, and show that if πG is a standard base change from UE/F(1,1), then the residue at s=0 is nonzero if and only if πG is the standard base change of πH.
Vega's hot dust from icy planetesimals scattered inwards by an outward-migrating planetary system
Authors: Raymond Sean N. , Bonsor Amy 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Vega has been shown to host multiple dust populations, including both hot exozodiacal dust at sub-au radii and a cold debris disc extending beyond 100 au. We use dynamical simulations to show how Vega's hot dust can be created by long-range gravitational scattering of planetesimals from its cold outer regions. Planetesimals are scattered progressively inwards by a system of 5–7 planets from 30 to 60 au to very close-in. In successful simulations, the outermost planets are typically Neptune mass. The back-reaction of planetesimal scattering causes these planets to migrate outwards and continually interact with fresh planetesimals, replenishing the source of scattered bodies. The most favourable cases for producing Vega's exozodi have negative radial mass gradients, with sub-Saturn- to Jupiter-mass inner planets at 5–10 au and outer planets of 2.5 − 20 M⊕ . The mechanism fails if a Jupiter-sized planet exists beyond ∼15 au because the planet preferentially ejects planetesimals before they can reach the inner system. Direct-imaging planet searches can therefore directly test this mechanism.
Identification of non-coding RNAs with a new composite feature in the Hybrid Random Forest Ensemble algorithm
Authors: Lertampaiporn Supatcha , Thammarongtham Chinae , Nukoolkit Chakarida , Kaewkamnerdpong Boonserm , Ruengjitchatchawalya Marasri 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
To identify non-coding RNA (ncRNA) signals within genomic regions, a classification tool was developed based on a hybrid random forest (RF) with a logistic regression model to efficiently discriminate short ncRNA sequences as well as long complex ncRNA sequences. This RF-based classifier was trained on a well-balanced dataset with a discriminative set of features and achieved an accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of 92.11%, 90.7% and 93.5%, respectively. The selected feature set includes a new proposed feature, SCORE. This feature is generated based on a logistic regression function that combines five significant features—structure, sequence, modularity, structural robustness and coding potential—to enable improved characterization of long ncRNA (lncRNA) elements. The use of SCORE improved the performance of the RF-based classifier in the identification of Rfam lncRNA families. A genome-wide ncRNA classification framework was applied to a wide variety of organisms, with an emphasis on those of economic, social, public health, environmental and agricultural significance, such as various bacteria genomes, the Arthrospira (Spirulina) genome, and rice and human genomic regions. Our framework was able to identify known ncRNAs with sensitivities of greater than 90% and 77.7% for prokaryotic and eukaryotic sequences, respectively. Our classifier is available at http://ncrna-pred.com/HLRF.htm.
A Receptor-Like Kinase Mediates Ammonium Homeostasis and Is Important for the Polar Growth of Root Hairs inArabidopsis
Authors: Bai Ling , Ma Xiaonan , Zhang Guozeng , Song Shufei , Zhou Yun , Gao Lijie , Miao Yuchen , Song Chun-Peng 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAmmonium (NH4 +) is both a necessary nutrient and an important signal in plants, but can be toxic in excess. Ammonium sensing and regulatory mechanisms in plant cells have not been fully elucidated. To decipher the complex network of NH4 + signaling, we analyzed [Ca2+]cyt-associated protein kinase (CAP) genes, which encode signaling components that undergo marked changes in transcription levels in response to various stressors. We demonstrated that CAP1, a tonoplast-localized receptor-like kinase, regulates root hair tip growth by maintaining cytoplasmic Ca2+ gradients. A CAP1 knockout mutant (cap1-1) produced elevated levels of cytoplasmic NH4 +. Furthermore, root hair growth of cap1-1 was inhibited on Murashige and Skoog medium, but NH4 + depletion reestablished the Ca2+ gradient necessary for normal growth. The lower net NH4 + influx across the vacuolar membrane and relatively alkaline cytosolic pH of cap1-1 root hairs implied that mutation of CAP1 increased NH4 + accumulation in the cytoplasm. Furthermore, CAP1 functionally complemented the npr1 (nitrogen permease reactivator protein) kinase yeast mutant, which is defective in high-affinity NH4 + uptake via MEP2 (methylammonium permease 2), distinguishing CAP1 as a cytosolic modulator of NH4 + levels that participates in NH4 + homeostasis-regulated root hair growth by modulating tip-focused cytoplasmic Ca2+ gradients.