bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engineering of Erythrocytes as Drug Carriers for Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Jia Baoshuo , Shi Yujie , Yan Yuling , Shi Hui , Zheng Jing , Liu Jianbo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractErythrocytes, also known as red blood cells (RBCs), have garnered considerable attention as potential carriers for drug delivery, owing to their inherent properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and prolonged circulation half‐life. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the role of erythrocytes in drug delivery, elucidating recent advancements in delivering a diverse array of therapeutic agents, including small molecules, nucleic acids, antibodies, protein enzymes, and nanoparticles. Two primary strategies for encapsulating drugs within erythrocytes are systematically discussed: internal loading and surface loading. Each strategy offers distinct advantages in terms of drug stability and release kinetics. Notably, the utilization of erythrocyte membrane camouflaged nanocarriers holds promise for enhancing the biocompatibility of conventional nanoparticles and facilitating targeted drug delivery. Furthermore, the broad spectrum of biomedical applications of erythrocyte‐based drug delivery systems are examined, ranging from cancer treatment to diabetes management, thrombosis prevention, and immunotherapy. This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of current technologies in erythrocyte‐loaded drug delivery, highlighting the strengths, weaknesses, and future directions for advancing therapeutic interventions in various disease contexts.
Sub‐10 nm Lanthanide‐Doped Lu6O5F8 Nanoscintillators for Real‐Time High‐Resolution Dynamic 3D X‐Ray Imaging
Authors: Zou Huirong , Zhu Wenjuan , Zhao Jingtao , Zhou Su , Xu Shiqing , Lei Lei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLanthanide‐doped fluoride nanoscintillators (NSs) have emerged as promising candidates for X‐ray imaging. However, strong afterglow, long lifetime, and poor irradiation stability pose key challenges for real‐time dynamic X‐ray imaging. In this study, the sub‐10 nm Lu6O5F8:Tb NSs with tunable morphologies are prepared via incorporating Li+/Na+ ions. The X‐ray excited optical luminescence (XEOL) intensity of the Lu6O5F8:15Tb/10Li NSs is stronger than that of NaLuF4:15 Tb NSs with a similar particle size while its afterglow is only ≈2.7% compared to that of NaLuF4:15 Tb NSs. Utilizing the Lu6O5F8:15 Tb/10Li NSs‐integrated film as a scintillator screen, a high resolution of ≈21.6 lp/mm is achieved. Even at a low dose of 0.23 µGy, the fringe detail in the electron device is clearly observed in the X‐ray image. The afterglow intensity of the Lu6O5F8:10Eu/10Li NSs decays to 0.7% at 40 µs, which is better than that of CsI:Tl (3.6%@40 µs). Moreover, the Lu6O5F8:10Eu/10Li NSs with a lifetime of 1.65 µs are verified for use in dynamic 3D X‐ray imaging. These findings represent a significant advancement in the development of new NSs for high‐performance dynamic X‐ray imaging.
Zipper‐Like Interlocked Heterostructure of NiFe Layered Double Hydroxide‐WN for Super‐Stable Oxygen Evolution over 4500 h
Authors: Xing Minghui , Qiao Zelong , Zhu Shaoke , Xu Guoqing , Yun Jimmy , Cao Dapeng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe nickel‐iron based materials are widely studied as excellent oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts. However, its relatively poor OER stability limits its practical applications. Herein, a zipper‐like interlocked heterostructure of NiFe layered double hydroxide (LDH)‐WN is constructed. The NiFe LDH‐WN exhibits not only ultrahigh OER activity of 228 mV overpotential at a current density of 50 mA cm−2, but also extremely long‐term stability over 4500 h at 50 mA cm−2 and over 550 h at an industrial current density ≈350 mA cm−2, which is ascribed to its special zipper‐like interlocked structure. Moreover, in situ Raman confirms that the presence of WN can efficiently achieve NiFe LDH reconstruction to slower the metal dissolution during OER, and therefore boosts its stability. DFT calculations reveal that WN not only can increase the *O adsorption capability and conductivity of NiFe LDH layer, but also can anchor the metal atoms of NiFe LDH layer to improve the dissolution energy barrier. In short, this work presents a new method of constructing the interlocked heterostructure to improve the OER stability of Ni‐Fe‐based catalysts, which would accelerate its practical application.
Amorphization‐Driven RhRu Bimetallene Enhances Water Dissociation Kinetics
Authors: Wu Jiandong , Liu Manman , Fan Jinchang , Qiu Yu , Lu Wenting , Fan Xiaofeng , Zhang Wei , Zhang Lei , Cui Xiaoqiang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPhase engineering holds great promise in enhancing the functionalities of nanomaterials by enabling precise control over their phase and morphology. However, achieving this level of control in synthesis remains a significant challenge. In this study, the synthesis of a highly amorphous RhRu (a‐RhRu) bimetallene using a one‐pot wet‐chemical approach is presented. The introduction of a highly amorphous structure allows for the optimization of electron configurations overall structure of a‐RhRu. This catalyst demonstrates exceptional activity in the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction, with a low overpotential of 32 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a high turnover frequency (TOF) of 3.06 H2 s−1 at an overpotential of 50 mV, surpassing the performance of most reported Rh‐based electrocatalysts. The findings underscore the potential of phase engineering strategies in electrocatalysis.
Fabrication of a Porous Copper/Graphite/Zirconium Oxide Hybrid Anode via Screen Printing for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Kim Tae Yang , Im Chae Yoon , Choi Jeong Ho , Gu Dongeun , Yoon Sukeun , Kim Un‐Hyuck , Kim Suk Jun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRedesigning anode structures in Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) has been a focus of research aimed at surpassing the energy density of conventional LIBs. Although anode‐free LIBs present a promising architecture, their low Coulombic efficiency is a major drawback. This paper introduces a novel hybrid anode that integrates the current collector (CC) and active materials into a single, cohesive porous structure, which supports both de/intercalation and de/plating reactions. The hybrid anode consists of a porous Cu matrix with embedded ZrO2 powders and graphite; the quantity of graphite is only a third of that present in a traditional graphite anode. The porous structure and additives enhance the electrochemical performance of the hybrid anode by minimizing the Li–electrolyte interactions, forming a stable solid–electrolyte interface and Li4Zr3O8 passivation layer, and reducing the nucleation overpotential. Especially, the unique surface morphology, characterized by a negative curvature between sintered Cu particles, lowers the diffusion potential, which further reduces the nucleation overpotential. Additionally, the periodic mesh‐imprinted top surface, created via screen printing, promotes uniform Li plating. The results demonstrate that the cycling performance and energy density offered by the fabricated hybrid anode are superior to those of conventional graphite anodes.
Hydrogen Sulfide Delivery System Based on Salting‐Out Effect for Enhancing Synergistic Photothermal and Photodynamic Cancer Therapies
Authors: Zhang Aimei , Wei Qingyun , Zheng Yuhan , Ma Mengyuan , Cao Tao , Zhan Qichen , Cao Peng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe simultaneous application of photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) offers substantial advantages in cancer treatment. However, their synergistic anticancer efficacy is often limited by tumor hypoxia, and thermotolerance induced by high expression of heat shock proteins (HSP). Fortunately, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), known for its direct cytotoxic effect on tumor cells, has been recognized for its ability to enhance PTT and PDT. The effectiveness of H2S in these therapies is challenged by its low loading efficiency, poor stability, and short diffusion distance. To address these issues, a nanoscale emulsion drop template created through the salting‐out effect is employed to construct a robust H2S delivery system. Polydopamine (PDA), chosen for its interfacial polymerization tendency and excellent photothermal conversion rate, is utilized as a carrier for the H2S donor (ADT) and Zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) to fabricate a novel nanomedicine termed APZ NPs. The temperature‐responsive APZ NPs are designed to release H2S during the PTT process. Elevated H2S levels promoted vasodilation, thereby enhancing the enhanced permeability and retention effect (EPR) of APZ NPs within solid tumors. This strategy effectively alleviated tumor hypoxia by disrupting the mitochondrial respiratory chain and mitigated tumor cell heat tolerance by inhibiting HSP expression.
Extracellular Matrix‐Surrogate Advanced Functional Composite Biomaterials for Tissue Repair and Regeneration
Authors: Vahidi Milad , Rizkalla Amin S. , Mequanint Kibret 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNative tissues, comprising multiple cell types and extracellular matrix components, are inherently composites. Mimicking the intricate structure, functionality, and dynamic properties of native composite tissues represents a significant frontier in biomaterials science and tissue engineering research. Biomimetic composite biomaterials combine the benefits of different components, such as polymers, ceramics, metals, and biomolecules, to create tissue‐template materials that closely simulate the structure and functionality of native tissues. While the design of composite biomaterials and their in vitro testing are frequently reviewed, there is a considerable gap in whole animal studies that provides insight into the progress toward clinical translation. Herein, we provide an insightful critical review of advanced composite biomaterials applicable in several tissues. The incorporation of bioactive cues and signaling molecules into composite biomaterials to mimic the native microenvironment is discussed. Strategies for the spatiotemporal release of growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular matrix proteins are elucidated, highlighting their role in guiding cellular behavior, promoting tissue regeneration, and modulating immune responses. Advanced composite biomaterials design challenges, such as achieving optimal mechanical properties, improving long‐term stability, and integrating multifunctionality into composite biomaterials and future directions, are discussed. We believe that this manuscript provides the reader with a timely perspective on composite biomaterials.
Dual‐Layer Nanoengineered Urinary Catheters for Enhanced Antimicrobial Efficacy and Reduced Cytotoxicity
Authors: Won Dong‐Sung , Lee Hyun , Park Yubeen , Chae Minjung , Kim Yu‐Chan , Lim Bumjin , Kang Min‐Ho , Ok Myoung‐Ryul , Jung Hyun‐Do , Park Jung‐Hoon 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCatheter‐associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is the most common healthcare‐associated infection; however, current therapeutic strategies remain insufficient for standard clinical application. A novel urinary catheter featuring a dual‐layer nanoengineering approach using zinc (Zn) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is successfully fabricated. This design targets microbial resistance, minimizes cytotoxicity, and maintains long‐term efficacy. The inner AgNPs layer provides immediate antibacterial effects against the UTI pathogens, while the outer porous Zn layer controls zero‐order Ag release and generates reactive oxygen species, thus enhancing long‐term bactericidal performance. Enhanced antibacterial properties of Zn/AgNPs‐coated catheters are observed, resulting in 99.9% of E. coli and 99.7% of S. aureus reduction, respectively. The Zn/AgNPs‐coated catheter significantly suppresses biofilm with sludge formation compared to AgNP‐coated and uncoated catheters (all, p < 0.05). The Zn/AgNP‐coated catheter in a rabbit model demonstrated a durable, effective barrier against bacterial colonization, maintaining antimicrobial properties during the catheter indwelling period with significantly reduced inflammation and epithelial disruption compared with AgNP and uncoated groups. This innovation has the potential to revolutionize the design of antimicrobial medical devices, particularly for applications requiring long‐term implantation. Although further preclinical studies are required to verify its efficacy and safety, this strategy seems to be a promising approach to preventing CAUTI‐related complications.
Colloidal Quantum Dot‐Based Near and Shortwave Infrared Light Emitters: Recent Developments and Application Prospects
Authors: Kumar Sarjeet , Pradhan Santanu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSolution‐processed quantum dot‐based near and short‐wave infrared light emitters have witnessed substantial developments in recent years. A variety of colloidal quantum dots (CQDs)‐based light emitters, including light‐emitting diodes, optical down‐converters, and emitters showing amplified spontaneous emission, lasing in the near and short‐wave infrared region, are demonstrated over the years. The progress in chemical synthesis of CQDs, development of novel CQDs, better understanding of the surface properties, chemical treatments to improve the optoelectronic properties, and suitable device engineering led to tremendous advances in the light emission performance in the near and short‐wave infrared region. A broad investigation is done into various CQD materials to achieve efficient near‐infrared light emitters. This review gives a detailed account of the advancement of the CQD‐based near and short‐wave infrared light emitters, strategies to improve the optoelectronic performance, controlling optical properties, demonstrated applications, the challenges that need to be tackled for further development, and future research direction.
Injectable Boron Nitride‐Hyaluronic Acid Hybrid Hydrogels to Facilitate Joint Motion: Mechanical and Tribological Characterization
Authors: Goncu Yapıncak , Ay Gokçe Mehmet , Kucukbas Aykut , Kar Fatih , Ozbayer Cansu , Kar Ezgi , Senturk Hakan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHexagonal boron nitride (hBN) is used as an additive in engineering applications such as polymers, ceramics, and coatings because of its anti‐wear and lubrication performance. It has a high potential as a biomaterial, but it has not been evaluated to facilitate joint motion with its lubricating properties until now. In this study, the hypothesis that boron nitride nanoparticles (BNPs) and nanosheets (BNNSs) can facilitate movement in the joint region is evaluated for the first time. Hyaluronic acid‐based hybrid hydrogels are designed to transport BN particles to the target area and pin‐on‐disc tests on cartilage pins paired with glass disks are conducted to determine the validity of the proposed hypothesis. The injectability, mechanical properties, and friction coefficients of hydrogels with the addition of increasing proportions of different hBN morphologies are monitored. As a result, hyaluronic acid has been found to be a suitable carrier for the injectability of boron nitride in biomedical applications. The amount and morphology of boron nitride are observed as two important parameters. A significant decrease in the friction coefficient (18.9%) is observed in the BNNS‐doped hybrid hydrogel compared to the virgin hydrogel. hBN can be considered as a new therapeutic agent with the potential to facilitate joint mobility.
Metal‐Free Modification Overcomes the Photocatalytic Limitations of Graphitic Carbon Nitride: Efficient Production and In Situ Application of Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Deng Si , Xiong Wei‐Ping , Zhang Gao‐Xia , Wang Guang‐Fu , Chen Yong‐Xi , Xiao Wen‐Jun , Shi Qing‐Kai , Chen Ao , Kang Hua‐Yue , Cheng Min , Liu Yang , Wang Jun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGraphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) assisted photocatalytic production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2 has already attracted the interest of many researchers due to its environmental sustainability. Nevertheless, the inherent drawbacks of g‐C3N4 limit its progress. Metal‐free modification strategies, including nanostructure design, defect introduction, doping, and heterojunction construction, have been developed to improve the efficiency of g‐C3N4 photocatalytic H2O2 production. Compared to metal modification, metal‐free strategies avoid the use of precious metals and the leaching of heavy metal ions, which have the advantages of good stability and environmental friendliness. However, a comprehensive review of H2O2 production from g‐C3N4 modified by metal‐free strategies is still lacking. This review first recaps the mechanism of photocatalytic H2O2 production by g‐C3N4, including photoexcitation, carrier separation and redox reactions. Then, the perspective advances in metal‐free modified g‐C3N4 photocatalysts are presented, with the special focus on the kernel connection between different strategies and mechanism based on the pivotal stages of H2O2 production. Subsequently, recent applications of g‐C3N4‐based photocatalysts for in situ generated H2O2, mainly including water purification and organic synthesis, are briefly discussed. Finally, the prospects of g‐C3N4‐based photocatalysts are envisioned with the hope that it will have “something to do” in the field of H2O2 production.
Recent Advances in Oxygen Redox Activity of Lithium‐Rich Manganese‐Based Layered Oxides Cathode Materials: Mechanism, Challenges and Strategies
Authors: Jin Yanling , Zhao Zirui , Ren Peng‐Gang , Zhang Baofeng , Chen Zhengyan , Guo Zhengzheng , Ren Fang , Sun Zhenfeng , Liu Shanhui , Song Ping , Yang Huijuan , Xu Kaihua , Li Xifei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLithium‐rich manganese‐based layered oxides (LRMOs) have been regarded as a promising category of cathode materials due to their high specific capacity on basis of joint anionic(oxygen) /cationic redox chemistry at a high voltage, thus high energy density. The anionic redox play the key and restive roles in LRMOs, contributing the extra capacity, meanwhile being associated with several unfavorable structural and electrochemical issues. This work systematically enumerates the oxygen redox mechanisms, and challenges associated with oxygen‐anion redox in LRMOs, including irreversible transition metal migration, phase transition, and the capacity/voltage decay, etc. The recent progress made in modification of LRMOs with particular emphasis to promoting the reversible oxygen redox reaction and inhibiting the irreversible oxygen release are summarized, followed by an outlook on the future rational design and development of LRMOs. This comprehensive review and perspective are expected to provide insights for the greater utilization of oxygen redox in LRMOs and other related materials.
Innovations report: A grading committee for a required fourth‐year emergency medicine clerkship
Authors: Thompson Meredith , Rivera Megan , Katz Jeffrey , Maldonado Nicholas , Srihari Caroline , Marchick Michael , Fernandez Rosemarie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundAssessment of medical students in the clinical learning environment is fraught with challenges. Seemingly small variations in clinical clerkship evaluation can significantly impact a student's future. As such, the integrity of the grade selection process must be heavily scrutinized. Group decision making in the form of a clerkship grading committee may be part of a solution to address this complex problem.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective observational study to describe grading committee decisions for a required fourth‐year EM clerkship from August 2021 to April 2022. Literature on best practices for group decision making and assessment were reviewed. This informed the development and implementation of the committee process. Each committee meeting was video recorded and coded for discussion time per student, times the committee grade differed from historical‐grade cutoffs with reasoning, and the frequency a committee member voiced a first‐hand account of student performance.ResultsData from nine meetings was reviewed (86 students). The mean discussion time per student was 2 min 13 s (range 11 s to 9 min 22 s). The final committee decision differed from historical‐grade cutoffs for nine students (10%), six were adjusted above and three below. In 64% (55/86) of student reviews a committee member voiced a first‐hand experience of working with the student. Positive grade adjustments were made due to outlier evaluations and negative adjustments were made for professionalism concerns.ConclusionsGrading committees are a means to conduct a comprehensive review of student performance and offer shared ownership of the grade decision among committee members. More study is needed to directly determine their potential benefit and role in clerkship grading.
Disease burden, management strategies, and unmet needs in α‐thalassemia due to hemoglobin H disease
Authors: Lal Ashutosh , Viprakasit Vip , Vichinsky Elliott , Lai Yongrong , Lu Meng‐Yao , Kattamis Antonis 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAlpha‐thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder caused by impaired α‐globin chain production, leading to anemia and other complications. Hemoglobin H (HbH) disease is caused by a combination of mutations generally affecting the expression of three of four α‐globin alleles; disease severity is highly heterogeneous, largely driven by genotype. Notably, non‐deletional mutations cause a greater degree of ineffective erythropoiesis and hemolysis, higher transfusion burden, and increased complication risks versus deletional mutations. There are limited treatment options for HbH disease, and effective therapies are needed. This review discusses the pathophysiology of HbH disease, current management strategies, unmet needs, and emerging treatment options.
Synthesis of 1‐Azabicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes via Formal Single Electron Reduction of Azabicyclo[1.1.0]butanes under Photochemical Conditions
Authors: Zanini Margherita , Noble Adam , Aggarwal Varinder K. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractC(sp3)‐rich heterocycles are privileged building blocks for pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. Therefore, synthetic methods that provide access to novel saturated nitrogen‐containing heterocycles are in high demand. Herein, we report a general synthesis of 1‐azabicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes (1‐aza‐BCH) via a formal cycloaddition of azabicyclo[1.1.0]butanes (ABB) with styrenes under photochemical conditions. To overcome the challenging direct single electron reduction of ABBs, we designed a polar‐radical‐polar relay strategy that leverages a fast acid‐mediated ring‐opening of ABBs to form bromoazetidines, which undergo efficient debrominative radical formation to initiate the cycloaddition reaction. The reaction is applicable to a broad range of ABB‐ketones and we demonstrate the 1‐aza‐BCH products can be further functionalized to access larger saturated, conformationally rigid heterocycles.