bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetics and modelling of batch fermentation for the production of organic solvent tolerant and thermostable lipase by recombinant E. coli / Organik çözücü toleranslı ve ısıya dayanıklı rekombinan E. coli lipaz üretiminin kinetiği ve grup fermentasyonu modellemesi
Authors: Ariff Arbakariya Bin , Nelofer Rubina , Abdul Rahman Raja Nor Zaliha Raja , Basri Mahiran 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Objective: Kinetics of organic solvent tolerant and thermostable lipase production by recombinant E. coli in shake flask level and 2 L stirred tank bioreactor level was studied to observe the variations of important kinetic parameters at two different levels of bioprocess.
Methods: Unstructured models based on Monod equation for growth and Luedeking-Piret equation for lipase production and glucose consumption were used to predict cell growth, lipase production and glucose utilization. The shake flask fermentation experiments were carried out at different initial glucose and yeast extract concentrations using recombinant bacterial strain E. coli BL21. Lipase production was also carried out using 2L stirred tank bioreactor for comparison.
Results: In all cases, the data fitted well to the proposed models. The highest growth and lipase activity were obtained at 25 g/L glucose and 25 g/L yeast extract. Cell growth (6.42 g/L) and lipase production (65.32 IU/mL) in 2 L stirred tank bioreactor was comparable to those obtained in shake flask fermentations. The calculated value of growth associated constant (9.874 IU/g/h) was much higher than that of non-growth associated constant (0.022 IU/g/h) in bioreactor as well as in shake flasks. The values of maximum specific growth rate (μm) and glucose saturation constant (KS) for shake flask fermentations, calculated from Monod equation, were 0.476 h-1 and 5.237 g/L respectively.
Conclusion: From the modelling exercise, it was concluded that the lipase production is dominantly growth associated process. The kinetic parameter values for fermentations in shake flask and 2L stirred tank bioreactor were comparable, indicating that the bioprocess could be transferred into larger scale.
Examination of the Correlation of Groupings in Blood and Semen
Authors: Fowler JCS , Scott AC 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The grouping of blood/saliva samples from a male so as to predict his semen groups is only justified if there is a strict correlation between the groupings in these body fluids. This correlation has been examined in the ABO, phosphoglucomutase (PGM1) and glyoxalase I (GLO) grouping systems in blood and semen samples collected from more than 250 individuals. Though no results proved inconsistent with this correlation, a number of semen gave inconclusive grouping results. Reasons for this are discussed as well as the relevance of the results to semen stain analysis. Semen amylase activities are also reported.
Identification Via Dental Remains: Pan American Flight 759
Authors: Barsley RE , Carr RF , Cottone JA , Cuminale JA 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Pan American Flight 759 crashed on takeoff from New Orleans International Airport on 9 July 1982. One-hundred-and-fifty-four persons lost their lives making this the second worst air crash in the United States. A dental identification team was assembled and began working the next morning. Ninety-three victims were positively identified by dental means and twenty-three other victims had strong supporting dental evidence as to their identities. The organization, method used, planning, and problem resolution concerning the dental team for this crash are presented.
Pellet Patterns Fired by Sawed-Off Shotguns
Authors: Moreau TS , Nickels ML , Wray JL , Bottemiller KW , Rowe WF 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
To determine the effect of barrel length on pellet patterns fired by sawed-off shotguns, 00 buckshot, No. 2 shot, and No. 7½ birdshot cartridges were fired from 12-gage single-shot Harrington and Richardson shotguns with the barrel lengths progressively shortened to 152 mm (6 in.). The spread of the 00 buckshot pattern was found to increase as the barrel length of the firing weapon decreased. The spread of the pellet patterns increased or tended to remain constant as the barrel length decreased when other types of cartridges were fired from the shotguns; this depended on the brand of ammunition.
An Evaluation of Criminalists' Attitudes Toward the Journal of Forensic Sciences
Authors: Shapiro JZ , Angelos SA 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The Ad Hoc Publication Committee of the Criminalistics Section of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences was charged with determining the need for a journal devoted to criminalistics. Based on a survey of Criminalistics Section members, the committee reported its findings and recommendations at the 1983 section meeting. This paper presents the results of that survey as well as the committee's recommendations concerning a new journal. Statistical results are reported on attitudes towards the quality of The Journal of Forensic Sciences, the utility of regional journals, and the need for a new journal. Differences within the sample are then analyzed, controlling for professional affiliations and the rate of attendance and presentation at AAFS annual meetings.
Toxicological Analysis of Amobarbital and Glutethimide from Bone Tissue
Authors: Benkő A 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Author examined cadaver organs and bone samples (sternum, rib) of drug poisoning cases. Following suitable procedures, active drug components (amobarbital, glutethimide, and so forth) were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Based on results of quantitative GC analysis, relationships were sought between the active agent concentrations measured in the organs and the bone samples.
Forensic Psychiatric Evaluations of Women Accused of Felonies: A Three-Year Descriptive Study
Authors: Rosner R , Wiederlight M , Wieczorek RR 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Descriptive statistics are presented for 95 female offenders evaluated in the Forensic Psychiatry Clinic for the New York Criminal and Supreme Court (First Judicial District). Demographic data, criminal charges, psychiatric diagnoses, prior mental health treatment, and victims of offenses are examined.
Drug and Chemical Related Deaths: Incidence in the State of Maryland—1975 to 1980
Authors: Caplan YH , Ottinger WE , Park J , Smith TD 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The incidence of drug and chemical related deaths was studied over a six-year period in the State of Maryland. Deaths were classified into the following categories: alcohol, carbon monoxide (CO), single drugs, multiple drugs, and narcotism. The last three categories were further subdivided as to the specific drugs or chemicals involved. Over the six-year period the number of alcohol and CO deaths remained steady, the number of barbiturate and propoxyphene deaths declined, while the number of tricyclic antidepressant drug deaths increased.
Biomedical Image Processing for Age Measurements of Intact Teeth
Authors: Sognnaes RF , Gratt BM , Papin PJ 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
With increasing age the roots of teeth undergo sclerosis. The degree of dental root sclerosis can be demonstrated visually if light is transmitted through the specimen. However, this resultant image is only a two-dimensional (2-D) visualization which misrepresents what in truth is a three-dimensional (3-D) characteristic. We have described an image acquisition and computer processing system for imaging intact teeth, with special reference to the root transparency, which tends to progress from the root apex towards the neck of the teeth as a function of age. The components of our system involve: (1) an energy source with light transmission through table-mounted dental specimens; (2) an image processor with a digitizer; (3) a step motor with a holder to rotate the tooth specimen; and (4) a software package to computerize and reconstruct the sectional digital images. After rotating the position of the specimen, while at each rotation obtaining a 2-D image of the sample, we then can reconstruct the true 3-D cross-sectional or longitudinal morphology or both from these 2-D images. With this new approach, the reconstructed dental images represent segments from different angles of the tooth specimen. Picture element values in each image, quantitatively indicate the optical density, expressing the age dependent pattern of the 3-D anatomy in toto.
The Effect of Differences in Gene Frequency on Probability of Paternity
Authors: Reading PL , Reisner EG 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Knowledge of gene frequencies in populations is required for the calculation of probability of paternity. The question remains open as to the degree of accuracy of gene frequency estimates required to give accurate probability of paternity figures. This is of special concern in the HLA system, which has haplotype frequencies known to vary in populations. This paper presents computer simulation data comparing probability of paternity calculations using HLA data from California and North Carolina. Comparisons were made between geographic regions, and between blacks and whites within a geographic region. It was found that when the absolute probability of paternity is high, the average differences induced were small, but at lower probabilities the changes can be large. Differences were most pronounced between black and white populations. Examples of individual cases are given to illustrate the huge differences that can be induced in some cases by changing gene frequency.
Shadow Positioning Technique: A Method for Postmortem Identification
Authors: Fitzpatrick JJ , Macaluso J 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Radiology is increasingly being used as a means of postmortem identification. We have devised a shadow positioning technique by which a postmortem radiograph of a skeletal part can exactly duplicate an antemortem radiograph, thus, facilitating identification by comparison of the antemortem and postmortem radiographs. The antemortem radiograph can be of any skeletal part and taken in any position.
Survey of North American Air Carriers Regarding Protocol for Dental Identification of In-Flight Personnel
Authors: Sanger RG , Wilson GA 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA survey of North American air carriers regarding the protocol for dental identification of their in-flight personnel in the event of a disaster was accomplished in July 1980. Initial evaluation of this survey indicates that few air carriers have such a protocol or forensic odontology consultants. Many of the air carriers indicated the need for the development and implementation of such a protocol individualized for their company. Statistical evaluation of the survey is presented with discussion centered on the role of the forensic odontologist consulting with respective air carriers in establishing such protocols. The survey documents areas of need in such protocols.
Drug Detection at Autopsy: A Prospective Study of 247 Cases
Authors: Norton LE , Garriott JC , DiMaio VJM 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Comprehensive toxicology analyses using gas chromatography of blood for alcohol and acidic, basic, and neutral drugs were performed on 247 randomly selected medical examiner cases. Drugs or alcohol or both were found in 54% of this group. When considered by manner of death (natural, accident, homicide, and suicide), each of the groups had incidences of positive findings of 46 to 63%. Selection of cases for toxicologic study on the basis of manner of death does not seem to be feasible. It is the authors' opinion that comprehensive toxicology evaluation for drugs should be done on virtually all medical examiner cases. This approach ensures a thorough and complete evaluation in all cases. In addition, a comprehensive toxicology study will provide information in the event that questions concerning the absence or presence of drugs arise at some later date.
The Identification of an Office Machine Copy of a Printed Copy of a Photographic Copy of an Original Sales Receipt
Authors: Moore DS 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Document examiners are often asked to examine copies in lieu of originals. Although copies frequently limit the forensic examination, they sometimes provide evidence that greatly increases their investigative importance and prosecutorial value. This paper presents one such case recently examined at the Southern Region Crime Laboratory of the U.S. Postal Inspection Service. The case involved large numbers of office machine copies of gasoline sales receipts used to support a series of false claims. Laboratory examinations of the copies disclosed evidence that led to their positive association with the original and with several previous generations of copies produced by a variety of reproductive methods.
Comparison of Typewritten Carbon Paper Impressions
Authors: Davis EA , Lyter AH 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The carbon copy document is one form of physical evidence that has not received much attention. Although the classical techniques employed to differentiate typewritten documents are often adequate to differentiate carbon copies, the following work suggests an additional technique. Thin-layer chromatography has been used to differentiate many color-containing mixtures, and its usefulness in differentiating carbon paper impressions is discussed.
Individual Characteristics of Chemically Modified Human Hairs Revealed by Scanning Electron Microscopy
Authors: Choudhry MY , Kingston CR , Kobilinsky L , De Forest PR 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Hair that is treated with several different chemical reagents including those that are proteolytic, denaturing, or disulfide bond-reducing agents, undergoes structural alterations both internally and externally as revealed by scanning electron microscopic analysis. Some of these agents produce varying degrees of morphologic alterations in hairs obtained from different individuals. It would seem that this technique can be useful in the discrimination of human hairs from different individuals, since the chemically induced topological changes on the hair shaft apparently exhibit a high degree of intraindividual consistency.
Laser Detection of Latent Fingerprints: Treatment with Glue Containing Cyanoacrylate Ester
Authors: Menzel ER , Burt JA , Sinor TW , Tubach-Ley WB , Jordan KJ 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
It has previously been shown that fuming with glue containing cyanoacrylate ester can be valuable in the development of latent fingerprints. Glue-treated fingerprints can provide improved detail via fluorescence under ultraviolet and blue-green argon-ion laser illumination. In addition, glue treatment can be effectively combined with dusting using fluorescent powder, staining using fluorescent dye, and the ninhydrin/zinc chloride method, together with laser examination.
Detection of Basic Drugs (Methamphetamine, Antidepressants, and Nicotine) from Human Hair
Authors: Ishiyama I , Nagai T , Toshida S 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Human hair contains methamphetamine, amitriptyline, imipramine, nicotine, and their metabolites in some amount, which can be detected by routine toxicological methods. Sometimes, the level of drugs reaches over 100 μg/g. Animal experiments indicate that these drugs are found solely in sections of hair grown after administration of the drugs. The negative stage after the administration of drugs means that the hair section containing drugs has not come out of the hair follicle. Toxicological examination of the hairs may give some clue helping to identify the chronology of the intoxication.
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: A Biochemical Profile of Postmortem Vitreous Humor
Authors: Richards RG , Fukumoto RI , Clardy DO 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPostmortem chemical analysis of vitreous humor from Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) infants was done. The results were compared to a pediatric control group. The concentrations of potassium, calcium, phosphorus, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvate transaminase, creatinine phosphokinase, and lactate dehydrogenase were all significantly different from the pediatric control group. Thus it appears that SIDS infants are a different population from the pediatric control group.
Driving Under the Influence of Phenobarbital
Authors: Cary PL , Johnson CA , Foltz RL , Pape BE 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A driving-under-the-influence (DUI) case with an unusually high phenobarbital concentration is presented. Significant toxicologic findings include a blood phenobarbital level of 132 μg/mL. Toxicology data relevant to interpretation are discussed.
Nature of Jury Response to the Expert Witness
Authors: Rosenthal P 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Communications to jurors entail not only primary content—the subject matter of the testimony—designated as the message, but also secondary content emanating from the witnesses as sources, from peripheral aspects of the message itself, and from the environment of the trial—designated as the paramessage. Interviews with jurors after a trial involving extensive expert testimony to introduce a new technology for identification evidence, popularly referred to as “voiceprinting,” found they responded mainly to the paramessage. The general implication is that when confronted with complex or confusing testimony, expert or otherwise, jurors will shift their focus to observable characteristics of the sources of the information, or to other ancillary elements of the situation, and will be guided in their response by information and inferences derived from such data.
Analysis of Demographic Variables of Women Evaluated in a Forensic Psychiatry Clinic in 1980 and 1981
Authors: Harmon RB , Rosner R , Wiederlight M , Potter L 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Descriptive statistics are presented for 76 female offenders evaluated in the Forensic Psychiatry Clinic for the New York County Criminal and Supreme Courts. Demographic data, sociological data, financial supports, criminal background, and psychiatric history are examined.
Identification of Some Interferences in the Analysis of Clorazepate
Authors: Suzuki EM , Gresham WR 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Clorazepate presents several problems in identification. In addition to rapid acid decarboxylation to N-desmethyldiazepam, a noncontrolled substance often confused with clorazepate, extracts of the pharmaceutical forms (Tranxene™ and Azenez™ capsules) contain substances that interfere with isolation of intact and unaltered clorazepate. These substances have been identified and have been found to be quite dependent on both capsule type and, especially, on capsule age. The cause of the conversion of dipotassium clorazepate to the monopotassium salt, following solution, has also been identified. An infrared analysis method, which removes all of the interferences, is presented.
Photographic Superimposition
Authors: Dorion RBJ 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The term of photographic superimposition has been applied for a number of techniques in forensic medicine and dentistry. The eomparison of an antemortem photograph to that of a skull is one such procedure. Technical information and potential sources of difficulty are discussed. Finally, two cases illustrate the use and misuse of this technique in arriving at a positive identification.
A Review of Probability of Inclusion in Paternity Testing
Authors: Taylor HL 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
In 1978, the American Association of Blood Banks released its first comprehensive publication on the laboratory aspects of disputed paternity (reviewed in this Journal, Vol. 24, No. 3, July 1979, pp. 705). The primary emphasis of this book was on testing for the purpose of exclusion in paternity cases. However, the issue of probability analysis of inclusion of paternity was also addressed by several of the contributors. This generated a great deal of interest and debate in the legal and medical community because of current pressing social and economic considerations. The controversy over this new approach to parentage determination finally led to a meeting in May 1982 in Airlie, VA of an International Conference on Inclusion Probabilities in Parentage Testing. The result was the establishment of accepted principles for determining and expressing the probability of a paternal relationship. In part, these include the logic involved in probability determinations, a more precise terminology, and such legal issues as reliability and interpretation of information.
Judicial Oversight of Release of Patients Committed After Being Found Not Competent to Stand Trial or Not Guilty by Reason of Insanity in Violent Crimes
Authors: Miller RD , Ionescu-Pioggia RM , Fiddleman PB 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
In 1981, North Carolina joined a growing number of states in passing legislation requiring judicial concurrence with discharge decisions for civilly committed patients who had been found either not competent to proceed to trial or not guilty by reason of insanity. The authors studied all such patients at one of North Carolina's four state mental hospitals during the first year of the new law's operation, and found that there were only 16 of them. These patients were compared to a control sample of civilly committed patients without criminal charges; it was found that the forensic patients spent longer in the hospital than the controls, but still significantly less time than reported in studies from other states. The authors discuss possible reasons for these differences and comment on the effectiveness of such legislation.
The Role of Fibers in Forensic Science Examinations
Authors: Grieve MC 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to draw attention to the potential of fiber evidence, and present some of the reasons why this potential appears to be currently underutilized. The author has tried to summarize state-of-the-art examination of fibers to promote interest, encourage, and assist those less experienced in this specialized field. Fibers are the most frequently encountered type of trace evidence. In comparison with other types of forensic science examinations the number of articles on fibers appearing in the relevant journals is minimal. It is however increasing, showing an awakening interest in the subject that has been given a boost by the findings in the Atlanta murders case which appears to be the first occasion of fibers playing a major part in obtaining a conviction in a case of such importance in the United States. This article presents an overview of the subject of fiber examination ranging from the collection of evidence and some of its attendant pitfalls, through basic and more advanced laboratory techniques past and present, to assessing the value of fiber evidence and commenting on how this may be improved in the future.
The Detection of Fetal Hemoglobin in Bloodstains by Means of Thin-Layer Immunoassay
Authors: Whitehead EM , Fredenburg ME , Lappas NT 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A method for the detection of fetal hemoglobin in bloodstains by means of thinlayer immunoassay is described. The equivalent of 0.01 μL of blood containing 0.18 to 0.24 μg of fetal hemoglobin may be detected by this method. Studies with stains up to two years old and blind studies have shown these methods to be sufficiently sensitive and specific to be of value in forensic serology.
Drugs and Driving: A Systematic Analytical Approach
Authors: Crouch DJ , Peat MA , Chinn DM , Finkle BS 
Published: August 2015

AbstractTo collect useful epidemiological data about drug involvement in highway safety, it is essential that sensitive and specific analytical procedures be used to establish the presence of and to determine the concentrations of drugs and metabolites in samples collected from drivers. This paper describes a comprehensive and systematic screening procedure requiring 6 mL of blood, which has been used for the analysis of samples collected from injured and fatally injured drivers. The procedure uses radioimmunoassay, gas chromatography with selective detectors, and high performance liquid chromatography. Drugs and metabolites presumptively identified are then confirmed primarily using gas chromatography$#x2014;chemical ionization mass spectrometry.