bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A prospective evaluation of the prostate microbiome in malignant and benign tissue using transperineal biopsy
Authors: Chen Victor S. , James Christopher , Khemmani Mark , Desai Shalin , Doshi Chirag , Rac Goran , Ellis Jeffrey L. , Patel Hiten D. , Barkan Guliz A. , Gupta Gopal N. , Flanigan Robert C. , Wolfe Alan J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe link between the prostate microbiome and prostate cancer remains unclear. Few studies have analyzed the microbiota of prostate tissue, and these have been limited by potential contamination by transrectal biopsy. Transperineal prostate biopsy offers an alternative and avoids fecal cross‐contamination. We aim to characterize the prostate microbiome using transperineal biopsy.MethodsPatients with clinical suspicion for prostate cancer who were to undergo transperineal prostate biopsy with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) fusion guidance were prospectively enrolled from 2022 to 2023. Patients were excluded if they had Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System lesions with scores ≤ 3, a history of prostate biopsy within 1 year, a history of prostate cancer, or antibiotic use within 30 days of biopsy. Tissue was collected from the MRI target lesions and nonneoplastic transitional zone. Bacteria were identified using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing.ResultsAcross the 42 patients, 76% were found to have prostate cancer. Beta diversity indices differed significantly between the perineum, voided urine, and prostate tissue. There were no beta diversity differences between cancerous or benign tissue, or between pre‐ and postbiopsy urines. There appear to be unique genera more abundant in cancerous versus benign tissue. There were no differences in alpha diversity indices relative to clinical findings including cancer status, grade, and risk group.ConclusionsWe demonstrate a rigorous method to better characterize the prostate microbiome using transperineal biopsy and to limit contamination. These findings provide a framework for future large‐scale studies of the microbiome of prostate cancer.
The implementation of robotic dogs in automatic detection and surveillance of red imported fire ant nests
Authors: Su Xin , Shi Guijie , Zhong Jiamei , Li Yuling , Dai Wennan , Xu Augix Guohua , Fox Eduardo GP , Xu Jinzhu , Qiu Hualong , Yan Zheng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe Red Imported Fire Ant (RIFA), scientifically known as Solenopsis invicta, is a destructive invasive species causing considerable harm to ecosystems and generating substantial economic costs globally. Traditional methods for RIFA nests detection are labor‐intensive and may not be scalable to larger field areas. This study aimed to develop an innovative surveillance system that leverages artificial intelligence (AI) and robotic dogs to automate the detection and geolocation of RIFA nests, thereby improving monitoring and control strategies.RESULTSThe designed surveillance system, through integrating the CyberDog robotic platform with a YOLOX AI model, demonstrated RIFA nest detection precision rates of >90%. The YOLOX model was trained on a dataset containing 1118 images and achieved a final precision rate of 0.95, with an inference time of 20.16 ms per image, indicating real‐time operational suitability. Field tests revealed that the CyberDog system identified three times more nests than trained human inspectors, with significantly lower rates of missed detections and false positives.CONCLUSIONThe findings underscore the potential of AI‐driven robotic systems in advancing pest management. The CyberDog/YOLOX system not only matched human inspectors in speed, but also exceeded them in accuracy and efficiency. This study's results are significant as they highlight how technology can be harnessed to address biological invasions, offering a more effective, ecologically friendly, and scalable solution for RIFA detection. The successful implementation of this system could pave the way for broader applications in environmental monitoring and pest control, ultimately contributing to the preservation of biodiversity and economic stability. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Broad‐spectrum and sensitive screening of more than 1000 compounds in equine urine using liquid chromatography/high‐resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Uchida Taiga , Kisugi Takaya , Ishii Hideaki , Yamada Masayuki , Kinoshita Kenji , Leung Gary Ngai‐Wa 
Published: July 2024

RationaleTo uphold the integrity of horseracing and equestrian sports, it is critical for an equine doping control laboratory to develop a comprehensive screening method to cover a wide range of target substances at the required detection levels in equine urine.MethodsThe procedure involved the enzymatic hydrolysis of 3 mL urine samples followed by solid‐phase extraction using HF Bond Elut C18 cartridge. The resulting extracts were then separated on a C18 reversed‐phase column and analyzed using liquid chromatography/high‐resolution mass spectrometry (LC/HRMS) in both electrospray ionization positive and negative modes in two separate injections. The analytical data were obtained in full scan and product ion scan (PIS) modes in an 11 min LC run.ResultsThe method can detect 1011 compounds (in both positive and negative ion modes). Over 95% of the target compounds have limits of detections (LODs) ≤10 ng/mL, and more than 50% of the LODs are ≤0.5 ng/mL. The lowest LOD can reach down to 0.01 ng/mL. The applicability of the method was demonstrated by the successful detection of prohibited substances in overseas and domestic equine urine samples.ConclusionsWe have successfully developed a regular screening method for equine urine samples that can detect more than 1000 compounds at sub‐ppb levels in both positive and negative ion modes with full scan and PIS using LC/HRMS. Furthermore, this method can theoretically be expanded to accommodate an unlimited number of prohibited substances in full‐scan mode.
Translating global norms into national action. Insights from the implementation of societal security norms in Sweden
Authors: Jakobsson Elin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe way in which norms diffuse from the international level and are implemented at the national level has been a key interest of social constructivists in general and norm scholars in particular for many decades. Nonetheless, surprisingly little effort has been made to understand or explain the factors that make norm implementation successful. This article sets out to systematically assess commonly highlighted implementation factors—actors, norm characteristics, and structures—to expand knowledge of whether or how these affect domestic norm implementation. To this end, the article conducts a structured, focused comparison of three cases of norms from the societal security sphere—the transportation of dangerous goods, disaster risk reduction, and cybersecurity—to explore their implementation processes in Sweden. The study explores whether, and if so how, previously suggested key factors are important when implementing global norms at the national level. The comparison concludes that the structure, including the venue for and availability of policy instruments, has been the most decisive factor in the coherent assessment of the three sample cases.
Intergenerational associations between childhood maltreatment, post‐traumatic stress symptoms, and chronic pain in young adult offspring and their parents
Authors: Talmon Ada , Shilo Gali , Tsur Noga 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFindings have revealed a strong link between exposure to child maltreatment (CM) and later chronic pain. Concurrently, other findings have been grounded in the understanding that CM consequences may not end with the exposed individual, rather, they extend to their offspring. However, little is known regarding the possible intergenerational transmission of chronic pain following CM. This study examines whether chronic pain among parents and their young adult offspring may be associated with parental exposure to CM. Three hundred ninety‐three parent‐offspring dyads (parents' mean age = 58, SD = 5.91 years; offspring's mean age = 27, SD = 3.91 years) completed self‐report questionnaires, assessing CM (CTQ), posttraumatic stress (PTS) and disturbances in self‐organisation (DSO) symptoms (ITQ), and chronic pain. CM was associated with chronic pain mediated by DSO symptoms among parents (indirect effect = 0.77; p = 0.007) and PTS symptoms among offspring (indirect effect = 0.285; p = 0.005). Offspring chronic pain was significantly associated with parental CM through two intergenerational paths: the mediation of parents' DSO symptoms and chronic pain (indirect effect = 0.298; p = 0.011), and through parents' PTS symptoms and offspring's PTS symptoms (indirect effect = 0.077; p = 0.004). This study's findings support the relevance of the intergenerational transmission of chronic pain following parental exposure to CM. Furthermore, the findings reveal complex PTS symptoms as a possible underlying mechanism for the intergenerational associations of chronic pain following CM.
Tuning Octahedron Sites of CoV2O4 via Cationic Competition for Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Lv Yuan‐Hong , Wei Shuai , Yi Sha‐Sha , Duan Yan‐Xin , Cui Rong‐Chao , Yang Guang , Liu Zhong‐Yi , Chen Jing‐Huo , Yue Xin‐Zheng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDoping transition metal oxide spinels with metal ions represents a significant strategy for optimizing the electronic structure of electrocatalysts. Herein, a bimetallic Fe and Ru doping strategy to fine‐tune the crystal structure of CoV2O4 spinel for highly enhanced oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is presented performance. The incorporation of Fe and Ru is observed at octahedral sites within the CoV2O4 structure, effectively modulating the electronic configuration of Co. Density functional theory calculations have confirmed that Fe acts as a novel reactive site, replacing V. Additionally, the synergistic effect of Fe, Co, and Ru effectively optimizes the Gibbs free energy of the intermediate species, reduces the reaction energy barrier, and accelerates the kinetics toward OER. As expected, the best‐performing CoVFe0.5Ru0.5O4 displays a low overpotential of 240 mV (@10 mA cm−2) and a remarkably low Tafel slope of 38.9 mV dec−1, surpassing that of commercial RuO2. Moreover, it demonstrates outstanding long‐term durability lasting for 72 h. This study provides valuable insights for the design of highly active polymetallic spinel electrocatalysts for energy conversion applications.
Defect Passivation and Crystallization Regulation for Efficient and Stable Formamidinium Lead Iodide Solar Cells with Multifunctional Amidino Additive
Authors: Wang Zhichao , Ding Zicheng , Wu Nan , Lang Lei , Wang Shiqiang , Zhao Kui , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAmidino‐based additives show great potential in high‐performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the role of different functional groups in amidino‐based additives have not been well elucidated. Herein, two multifunctional amidino additives 4‐amidinobenzoic acid hydrochloride (ABAc) and 4‐amidinobenzamide hydrochloride (ABAm) are employed to improve the film quality of formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) perovskites. Compared with ABAc, the amide group imparts ABAm with larger dipole moment and thus stronger interactions with the perovskite components, i.e., the hydrogen bonds between N…H and I− anion and coordination bonds between C = O and Pb2+ cation. It strengthens the passivation effect of iodine vacancy defect and slows down the crystallization process of α‐FAPbI3, resulting in the significantly reduced non‐radiative recombination, long carrier lifetime of 1.7 µs, uniformly large crystalline grains, and enhances hydrophobicity. Profiting from the improved film quality, the ABAm‐treated PSC achieves a high efficiency of 24.60%, and maintains 93% of the initial efficiency after storage in ambient environment for 1200 hours. This work provides new insights for rational design of multifunctional additives regarding of defect passivation and crystallization control toward highly efficient and stable PSCs.
Sequent Systems on Undirected Graphs
Authors: Acclavio Matteo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this paper we explore the design of sequent calculi operating on graphs. For this purpose, we introduce logical connectives allowing us to extend the well-known correspondence between classical propositional formulas and cographs. We define sequent systems operating on formulas containing such connectives, and we prove, using an analyticity argument based on cut-elimination, that our systems provide conservative extensions of multiplicative linear logic (without and with mix) and classical propositional logic. We conclude by showing that one of our systems captures graph isomorphism as logical equivalence and that it is sound and complete for the graphical logic$$\textsf{GS}$$GS.
Unification in the Description Logic $$\mathcal {ELH}_{\mathcal {R}^+}$$ Without the Top Concept Modulo Cycle-Restricted Ontologies
Authors: Baader Franz , Fernández Gil Oliver 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUnification has been introduced in Description Logic (DL) as a means to detect redundancies in ontologies. In particular, it was shown that testing unifiability in the DL $$\mathcal{E}\mathcal{L}$$

E
L

is an NP-complete problem, and this result has been extended in several directions. Surprisingly, it turned out that the complexity increases to PSpace if one disallows the use of the top concept in concept descriptions. Motivated by features of the medical ontology SNOMED CT, we extend this result to a setting where the top concept is disallowed, but there is a background ontology consisting of restricted forms of concept and role inclusion axioms. We are able to show that the presence of such axioms does not increase the complexity of unification without top, i.e., testing for unifiability remains a PSpace-complete problem.
A Terminating Sequent Calculus for Intuitionistic Strong Löb Logic with the Subformula Property
Authors: Fiorentini Camillo , Ferrari Mauro 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntuitionistic Strong Löb logic $$\textsf{iSL}$$
iSL
is an intuitionistic modal logic with a provability interpretation. We introduce $$\textsf{GbuSL}_{\Box } $$

GbuSL
□

, a terminating sequent calculus for $$\textsf{iSL}$$
iSL
with the subformula property. $$\textsf{GbuSL}_{\Box } $$

GbuSL
□

modifies the sequent calculus $$\textsf{G3iSL}_{\Box } $$

G
3

iSL
□

for $$\textsf{iSL}$$
iSL
based on $$\textsf{G3i} $$

G
3
i

, by annotating the sequents to distinguish rule applications into an unblocked phase, where any rule can be backward applied, and a blocked phase where only right rules can be used. We prove that, if proof search for a sequent $$\sigma $$
σ
in $$\textsf{GbuSL}_{\Box } $$

GbuSL
□

fails, then a Kripke countermodel for $$\sigma $$
σ
can be constructed.
Equivalence Checking of Quantum Circuits by Model Counting
Authors: Mei Jingyi , Coopmans Tim , Bonsangue Marcello , Laarman Alfons 
Published: July 2024

AbstractVerifying equivalence between two quantum circuits is a hard problem, that is nonetheless crucial in compiling and optimizing quantum algorithms for real-world devices. This paper gives a Turing reduction of the (universal) quantum circuits equivalence problem to weighted model counting (WMC). Our starting point is a folklore theorem showing that equivalence checking of quantum circuits can be done in the so-called Pauli-basis. We combine this insight with a WMC encoding of quantum circuit simulation, which we extend with support for the Toffoli gate. Finally, we prove that the weights computed by the model counter indeed realize the reduction. With an open-source implementation, we demonstrate that this novel approach can outperform a state-of-the-art equivalence-checking tool based on ZX calculus and decision diagrams.
Development and evaluation of a candidate reference measurement procedure for detecting 17α-hydroxyprogesterone in dried blood spots using isotope dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: He Ziyun , Dai Haibing , Shen Jian , Huang Yanjie , Liu Jinsong , Yan Renqing , Zhang Feng , Yan Shengkai 
Published: July 2024

Abstract17α-Hydroxyprogesterone (17α-OHP) quantification in dried blood spots (DBS) is essential for newborn screening for congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), which is challenging due to its low physiological concentration. The high false-positive rates of immunoassays necessitate the development of more accurate methods. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) offers increased specificity and sensitivity, yet standardized procedures for 17α-OHP measurement are required for clinical application. A candidate reference measurement procedure (cRMP) using isotope dilution LC-MS/MS was developed for 17α-OHP quantification in DBS. By utilizing stable isotope-labeled D8-17α-OHP as an internal standard, the cRMP was optimized, covering sample preparation, calibration, and LC-MS/MS analysis. The method performance was validated across several parameters, including precision, accuracy, specificity, detection limits, and matrix effects. Clinical applicability was further assessed through the establishment of reference intervals for healthy newborns. The developed cRMP exhibited a linear range of 1.00 to 80.00 ng/mL for 17α-OHP, with detection and quantification limits of 0.14 ng/mL and 0.52 ng/mL, respectively. Inter- and intraday precision demonstrated coefficients of variation within 1.27 to 5.69%. The recovery rates and matrix effects were well within acceptable limits, ensuring method reliability. Clinical application showed distinct reference intervals for healthy newborns that were unaffected by sex but influenced by weight and gestational age. This method significantly enhances CAH diagnostic accuracy in newborns, providing a valuable tool for clinical laboratories and improving newborn screening program standardization and traceability.
Imaging of Deep Venous Pathology
Authors: Arnoldussen Carsten W. K. P. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractImaging plays an important role in the identification and assessment of clinically suspected venous pathology. The purpose of this article is to review the spectrum of image-based diagnostic tools used in the investigation of suspected deep vein disease, both obstructive (deep vein thrombosis and post-thrombotic vein changes) as well as insufficiency (e.g., compression syndromes and pelvic venous insufficiency). Additionally, specific imaging modalities are used for the treatment and during clinical follow-up. The use of duplex ultrasound, magnetic resonance venography, computed tomography venography and intravascular ultrasound as well as conventional venography will be discussed in this pictorial review.
Breaking Consensus in Kinetic Opinion Formation Models on Graphons
Authors: Düring Bertram , Franceschi Jonathan , Wolfram Marie-Therese , Zanella Mattia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this work, we propose and investigate a strategy to prevent consensus in kinetic models for opinion formation. We consider a large interacting agent system and assume that agent interactions are driven by compromise as well as self-thinking dynamics and also modulated by an underlying static social network. This network structure is included using so-called graphons, which modulate the interaction frequency in the corresponding kinetic formulation. We then derive the corresponding limiting Fokker–Planck equation and analyze its large time behavior. This microscopic setting serves as a starting point for the proposed control strategy, which steers agents away from mean opinion and is characterized by a suitable penalization depending on the properties of the graphon. We show that this minimalist approach is very effective by analyzing the quasi-stationary solution mean-field model in a plurality of graphon structures. Several numerical experiments are also provided to show the effectiveness of the approach in preventing the formation of consensus steering the system toward a declustered state.
Automatic Topic Title Assignment with Word Embedding
Authors: Zammarchi Gianpaolo , Romano Maurizio , Conversano Claudio 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we propose TAWE (title assignment with word embedding), a new method to automatically assign titles to topics inferred from sets of documents. This method combines the results obtained from the topic modeling performed with, e.g., latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) or other suitable methods and the word embedding representation of words in a vector space. This representation preserves the meaning of the words while allowing to find the most suitable word that represents the topic. The procedure is twofold: first, a cleaned text is used to build the LDA model to infer a desirable number of latent topics; second, a reasonable number of words and their weights are extracted from each topic and represented in n-dimensional space using word embedding. Based on the selected weighted words, a centroid is computed, and the closest word is chosen as the title of the topic. To test the method, we used a collection of tweets about climate change downloaded from some of the main newspapers accounts on Twitter. Results showed that TAWE is a suitable method for automatically assigning a topic title.
Acute ingestion of acetaminophen improves cognitive and repeated high intensity short-term maximal performance in well-trained female athletes: a randomized placebo-controlled trial
Authors: BenSalem Sahar , Salem Atef , Boukhris Omar , Taheri Morteza , Ammar Achraf , Souissi Nizar , Glenn Jorden M. , Trabelsi Khaled , Chtourou Hamdi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study examined the effect of acute acetaminophen (ACTP) ingestion on physical performance during the 5 m shuttle run test (5mSRT), attention, mood states, and the perception of perceived exertion (RPE), pain (PP), recovery (PRS), and delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS) in well-trained female athletes. In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover trial, fifteen well-trained female athletes (age 21 ± 2 years, height 165 ± 6 cm, body mass 62 ± 5 kg) swallowed either 1.5 g of ACTP or 1.5 g of placebo. The profile of mood states (POMS) and digit cancellation (DCT) were assessed 45 min postingestion, and 5mSRT was performed 60 min postingestion. The RPE and PP were determined immediately after each 30-s repetition of the 5mSRT, and the PRS and DOMS were recorded at 5 min and 24 h post-5mSRT. For the 5mSRT, ACTP ingestion improved the greatest distance (+ 10.88%, p < 0.001), total distance (+ 11.33%, p = 0.0007) and fatigue index (+ 21.43%, p = 0.0003) compared to PLA. Likewise, the DCT score was better on the ACTP (p = 0.0007) than on the PLA. RPE, PP, PRS, and DOMS scores were improved after ACTP ingestion (p < 0.01 for all comparisons) compared to PLA. POMS scores were enhanced with ACTP ingestion compared to PLA (p < 0.01). In conclusion, this study indicates that acute acetaminophen ingestion can improve repeated high intensity short-term maximal performance, attention, mood states, and perceptions of exertion, pain, recovery, and muscle soreness in well-trained female athletes, suggesting potential benefits for their overall athletic performance and mood state.