bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local outlier factor use for the network flow anomaly detection
Authors: Paulauskas Nerijus , Bagdonas Ąžuolas Faustas 
Published: August 2015

AbstractInternet users and computer networks constantly suffer from increasing number of cyberattacks. During the process of seeking how to reduce the risk and possible consequences of the attacks, it is very important to identify the attacks at the initial stage of their realization. For this purpose, the anomaly detection systems, a subset of intrusion detection systems, can be applied. The main advantage of anomaly‐based systems is the ability to detect unknown attacks. We propose a novel approach to detect the network flow anomalies. The method relies on aggregated network flow metrics and is based on local outlier factor algorithm, which evaluates each event's uniqueness on the basis of distance from the k‐nearest neighbours. In our research, 15 different groups of features (a total of 74 features) were suggested to detect anomalous network flows. According to experimental results, the best groups of features were identified with the highest values of precision, recall and F‐measure. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polymeric nanoparticles: the future of nanomedicine
Authors: Banik Brittany L. , Fattahi Pouria , Brown Justin L. 
Published: August 2015

Polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) are one of the most studied organic strategies for nanomedicine. Intense interest lies in the potential of polymeric NPs to revolutionize modern medicine. To determine the ideal nanosystem for more effective and distinctly targeted delivery of therapeutic applications, particle size, morphology, material choice, and processing techniques are all research areas of interest. Utilizations of polymeric NPs include drug delivery techniques such as conjugation and entrapment of drugs, prodrugs, stimuli‐responsive systems, imaging modalities, and theranostics. Cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and cardiovascular diseases are fields impacted by NP technologies that push scientific boundaries to the leading edge of transformative advances for nanomedicine. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2016, 8:271–299. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1364This article is categorized under:

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Synthesis and Molecular Structures of CuII 15‐Metallacrown‐5 Complexes with Encapsulated CaII, PrIII and NdIII Ions
Authors: Safyanova Inna S. , Golenya Irina A. , Pavlenko Vadim A. , Gumienna‐Kontecka Elzbieta , Pekhnyo Vasily I. , Bon Volodymyr V. , Fritsky Igor O. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThree complexes [Ca(ClO4)(H2O)Cu5(o‐picHA‐2H)5(H2O)]ClO4 (1), [Pr(NO3)2(py)Cu5(o‐picHA‐2H)5(py)5]ClO4 (2), and [Nd(NO3)(H2O)(py)Cu5(o‐picHA‐2H)5(py)5](ClO4)2·5py (3) (o‐picHA = 2‐picolinehydroxamic acid) were synthesized in order to retrace structural trends caused by the change of the ionic radius of the central metal ion as well as to assess the effect of the axial ligands on the arrangement of metallacrowns. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, ESI‐mass spectrometry, IR spectroscopy, and single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. The heterometallic complexes have 15‐MC‐5 molecular topology with CaII or LnIII ion in the center of the metallamacrocyclic cavity. The Ca–O and Ln–O bond lengths follow the trend of changes of the corresponding metal ionic radii. While the CaII complex cation (without axial ligands) in 1 is almost flat, the LnIII containing cations in 2 and 3 have a “partially opened umbrella“ environment.
1‐(Furan‐2‐ylmethyl)‐1H‐tetrazole and its Copper(II) Complexes
Authors: Andreeva Tatyana N. , Lyakhov Alexander S. , Ivashkevich Ludmila S. , Voitekhovich Sergei V. , Grigoriev Yuri V. , Ivashkevich Oleg A. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract1‐(Furan‐2‐ylmethyl)‐1H‐tetrazole (fmt), prepared by heterocyclization of furfurylamine with triethyl orthoformate and sodium azide, was found to react with copper(II) perchlorate, nitrate, and bromide giving complexes [Cu(fmt)4(H2O)2](ClO4)2, [Cu(fmt)3(NO3)2(H2O)], and [Cu2(fmt)4Br4], respectively. The obtained crystalline complexes and fmt were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, thermal analyses, and IR spectroscopy. In the complexes, fmt acts as a monodentate ligand coordinated via the tetrazole ring N4 atom. [Cu(fmt)4(H2O)2](ClO4)2 comprises a mononuclear complex cation with an elongated CuN4O2 octahedron. [Cu(fmt)3(NO3)2(H2O)] presents a mononuclear complex, where the copper atom is in a heptacoordinate environment forming a considerably distorted pentagonal bipyramid. [Cu2(fmt)4Br4] presents a centrosymmetric dinuclear bromido‐bridged complex with a square pyramidal environment of copper atoms.
Syntheses, Structures and Luminescent Properties of 2D and 3D Cadmium(II) Coordination Polymers Derived from Two Isomeric Perchlorinated Benzenedicarboxylates
Authors: Dai An‐Qi , Chen Sheng‐Chun , Zhong Jing , Gao Jian , Zhang Zhi‐Hui , He Ming‐Yang , Chen Qun 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe coordination polymers {[Cd(o‐BDC‐Cl4)(H2O)2]·EtOH}n (1) and {[Cd(p‐BDC‐Cl4)(DMF)]·H2O}n (2) (o‐BDC‐Cl4 = tetrachlorophthalate and p‐BDC‐Cl4 = tetrachloroterephthalate) were synthesized in different solvents using two isomeric tetrachlorinated benzenedicarboxylic acids. Complex 1 based on o‐BDC‐Cl4 features an extremely rare 2D trinodal (3,4,6)‐connected network constructed by the combination of 1D [Cd‐H2O]n chains and 1D [Cd2(o‐BDC‐Cl4)2]n loop‐like motifs. Complex 2 based on p‐BDC‐Cl4 has a 3D framework and shows a uninodal 4‐connected sra topology. Complexes 1 and 2 were characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectroscopy, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and thermogravimetric (TG) analyses. The photoluminescence of 1 and 2 were investigated in the solid state at room temperature.
A Facile Synthesis of Pure O2PtF6
Authors: Rudel Stefan S. , Kraus Florian 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA new and facile synthesis of O2PtF6 is reported without the demanding synthesis of PtF6 or the use of high pressure fluorination in the presence of oxygen. The O2PtF6 is obtained in form of single crystals by direct Klemm‐type fluorination of commercially available PtO2·xH2O in a stream of diluted F2 of atmospheric pressure at a temperature of 275 °C. Its identity and purity was evidenced by powder X‐ray diffraction, Raman and infrared spectroscopy. The synthesis allows the preparation of pure dioxygenyl hexafluoridoplatinate(V). The new synthesis of O2PtF6 is deemed more convenient than those that require the extremely reactive PtF6.
Variation on a Theme: Alternative to Plastic Bag in ALPPS Procedures: Feasibility and Clinical Safety of COVA+™ Membrane in ALPPS Procedures
Authors: Brustia Raffaele , Scatton Olivier , Soubrane Olivier 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundAssociating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) got wide success among hepatic surgeons as an efficient way to shorten to 7 days from the 4 weeks interval of classic 2‐staged hepatectomy. The main disadvantage of ALPPS is the onset of inflammatory adhesions, particularly on the hepatic pedicle region, previously dissected. The aim of the study is the evaluation of a resorbable collagen membrane (CM) indicated in the prevention of postoperative adhesions as an alternative to the use of a plastic bag (PB) during ALPPS procedure.MethodsAll patients undergoing ALPPS procedure in our department were prospectively included in a database. At the end of the first surgery, at least one resorbable CM (COVA+™, Biom’Up, France) was placed instead of a PB. Intraoperative adhesions during the second step and clinical short‐term safety were assessed.ResultsTen patients with a mean age of 57.5 years underwent a 2‐staged hepatectomy through ALPPS approach. At the second stage, 90 % of the patients experienced either grade‐0 (no adhesion) or grade‐I adhesions (mild adhesions easily divided). None of the reported complications were related to the use of the CM.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first clinical study evaluating the use of an anti‐adhesion resorbable CM as a safe and efficient alternative to PB in ALPPS procedures.
Surgical Treatment of Genital Manifestations of Lymphatic Filariasis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lim Kah Heng Alexander , Speare Rick , Thomas Gail , Graves Patricia 
Published: August 2015

AbstractGenital manifestations of lymphatic filariasis (genital LF) are a significant cause of disfigurement and disability in the developing world. Surgery is the standard treatment; however, definitive publications are lacking and best practice remains unclear. An exhaustive search strategy using keyword and subject headings was applied to Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Scopus. Additionally citation lists, Google and Google Scholar, archives of relevant journals and websites were searched systematically. Studies with data on one or more human patient(s) who underwent surgery for genital LF were included. Articles were screened and data extracted by the first author with data verification by the second author. Fifty‐seven studies were included: 18 series of ablative surgery, four series of non‐ablative surgery and 35 case reports. Poor study quality, heterogeneous case definitions, lack of severity grading and limited follow‐up precluded meta‐analysis. Two series of simple hydrocelectomies performed in resource‐limited settings reported early complication rates of 3.0–3.5 % using eversion and 5–7 % using excision, with recurrence of 7 % and 3–5 %, respectively. Complications were minimal for single‐surgeon series and greater (12–18 %) when scrotal reconstruction was performed. There is little useful evidence for lymphatic bypass procedures in genital LF. Under‐recognition of atypical manifestation of genital LF leads to potentially unnecessary surgeries. Surgery for genital LF is safe in resource‐limited settings; however, more well‐designed studies with better follow‐up are needed. Research priorities include validation of case definitions and severity grading systems, and solutions to improve post‐operative follow‐up in resource‐limited settings.
Construction of a highly efficient Bacillus subtilis 168 whole-cell biocatalyst and its application in the production of l-ornithine
Authors: Wang Meizhou , Xu Meijuan , Rao Zhiming , Yang Taowei , Zhang Xian 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
l-Ornithine, a non-protein amino acid, is usually extracted from hydrolyzed protein as well as produced by microbial fermentation. Here, we focus on a highly efficient whole-cell biocatalyst for the production of l-ornithine. The gene argI, encoding arginase, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of l-arginine to l-ornithine and urea, was cloned from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B10-127 and expressed in GRAS strain Bacillus subtilis 168. The recombinant strain exhibited an arginase activity of 21.9 U/mg, which is 26.7 times that of wild B. subtilis 168. The optimal pH and temperature of the purified recombinant arginase were 10.0 and 40 °C, respectively. In addition, the recombinant arginase exhibited a strong Mn2+ preference. When using whole-cell biocatalyst-based bioconversion, a hyper l-ornithine production of 356.9 g/L was achieved with a fed-batch strategy in a 5-L reactor within 12 h. This whole-cell bioconversion study demonstrates an environmentally friendly strategy for l-ornithine production in industry.
Modified Lapidus Procedure with Joint Compression, Meticulous Surface Preparation, and Shear-Strain-Relieved Bone Graft Yields Low Nonunion Rate
Authors: Mani Sriniwasan B. , Lloyd Eric W. , MacMahon Aoife , Roberts Matthew M. , Levine David S. , Ellis Scott J. 
Published: August 2015

Background The modified Lapidus procedure is widely used to correct hallux valgus but has been reported with high nonunion rates. In this study, we retrospectively reviewed the nonunion rate of the modified Lapidus procedure performed with rigid cross screw fixation, meticulous joint preparation, and shear-strain-relieved calcaneal bone graft. Questions/Purposes Does the performance of the Lapidus procedure with rigid cross screw fixation, complete joint preparation, and shear-strain-relieved calcaneal bone graft achieve higher union rates than currently reported? If nonunion does occur, what is the clinical course? Methods We reviewed both radiographic and clinical results of the modified Lapidus procedure with the above technique in 171 patients (182 feet). Evaluation included age, gender, tobacco use, diabetic status, and radiographic analysis at least 3 months postoperatively. Results The modified Lapidus procedure described above resulted in a union rate of 97.3% (177 of 182 feet). Three of the five feet with radiographic nonunions were clinically symptomatic. Conclusions The union rate of the modified Lapidus procedure is higher than previously reported when performed with rigid cross screw fixation, meticulous joint preparation, and shear-strain-relieved bone graft. Nonunion of the first tarsometatarsal joint should be considered an infrequent occurrence.
Pediatric Dance Injuries: A Cross‐Sectional Epidemiological Study
Authors: Yin Amy X. , Sugimoto Dai , Martin Daniel J. , Stracciolini Andrea 
Published: August 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to analyze characteristics of dance injuries evaluated by sports medicine physicians.DesignA cross‐sectional epidemiological study of a 5% random probability sample of patients presenting for sports medicine evaluation between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2009.SettingSports medicine clinic of a tertiary‐level pediatric medical center.PatientsA total of 181 pediatric dancers (171 female and 10 male; 14.8 ± 2.0 years of age) with 222 injuries.Main Outcome MeasuresInjury diagnoses, location, type, and treatment.ResultsForty‐six injury diagnoses were recorded in this random sample of pediatric dancers, with the most common being tendonitis/tendinopathy, patellofemoral pain syndrome, apophysitis, ankle impingement syndrome, and hip labral tear. Most of the injuries occurred in the lower extremities, with knee and ankle injuries being the most common. Injury classification by type revealed that joints were the body structure most likely to be injured, followed by soft tissues, skeletal elements, and growth plates. The most frequent joint injury was patellofemoral pain syndrome. The most frequent soft tissue injury was tendonitis/tendinopathy. The most common skeletal injury was a pars stress reaction/spondylolysis. The most common physeal injury was apophysitis. Dancers were treated mainly with physical therapy, surgery, or physical therapy, in addition to orthotics.ConclusionPediatric dancers experienced significant, and occasionally rare, injuries that may have long‐term health consequences. Although injuries occurred mostly in the lower extremities and involved mainly joints, the most common specific diagnosis was tendonitis/tendinopathy. There is still much to learn about the management of dancers, and there is a need for further research into injury prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
ENT entry requirements for UK armed forces
Authors: Jones G H , Murphy R , Agrawal S , Isles M G 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackground:Minimum health requirements exist for entry into the UK armed forces. Both pre-existing and iatrogenic ENT conditions may impact on an individual's medical fitness and their ability to enter the forces.Methods:The relevant literature was examined and military otolaryngology advisors were interviewed in order to define the ENT-specific conditions that restrict an individual joining the armed forces.Results:The ENT diseases and disabilities that inhibit an individual's ability to join the forces are described. Treatments that may facilitate or restrict recruitment are also discussed.Conclusion:Members of the armed forces operate in arduous environments and are required to pass a screening medical assessment before joining. Personnel may be isolated away from specialist care and therefore cannot be dependent on specialist devices or medicines. This paper aims to arm ENT specialists with occupational knowledge to enable them to correctly counsel patients and offer appropriate treatment.
Tailed Palva flap in the subperiosteal pocket technique for cochlear implantation
Authors: Orhan K S , Polat B , Enver N , Güldiken Y 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackground:In recent years, the subperiosteal pocket technique has become popular for minimal access cochlear implantation. Many incision techniques have been described in cochlear implantation.Objective:This study aimed to demonstrate the safety and reliability of a new periosteal incision, called tailed Palva incision, in cochlear implantation.Methods:A total of 280 patients who underwent cochlear implantation with the subperiosteal pocket technique between June 2008 and January 2013 were included in the study.Results:The patients were followed up for between 11 and 74 months (mean ± standard deviation = 34 ± 19 months). No intracranial complications were seen during or after the operations. Additionally, there was no migration of the receiver-stimulator. Revision surgery was performed in eight patients (3 per cent), one of whom (0.4 per cent) had local flap failure and infection.Conclusion:This study shows that the tailed Palva incision facilitates easy insertion of the implant and, by creating a one-way obscured pocket, this technique also enhances stabilisation of the receiver-stimulator, thereby avoiding anterior migration.
Comparison of quality of life outcomes following different mastoid surgery techniques
Authors: Joseph J , Miles A , Ifeacho S , Patel N , Shaida A , Gatland D , Watters G , Kiverniti E 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackground:Mastoid surgery carried out to treat chronic otitis media can lead to improvement in objective and subjective measures post-operatively. This study investigated the subjective change in quality of life using the Glasgow Benefit Inventory relative to the type of mastoid surgery undertaken.Method:A retrospective multicentre postal survey of 157 patients who underwent mastoid surgery from 2008 to 2012 was conducted.Results:Eighty-three questionnaire responses were received from patients who underwent surgery at one of three different hospitals (a response rate of 53 per cent). Fifty-seven per cent of patients had a Glasgow Benefit Inventory score of 0, indicating no change in quality of life post-operatively. Thirty-five per cent scored over 50, indicating significant improvement. The only significant difference found was that women fared worse after surgery than men.Conclusion:The choice of mastoid surgery technique should be determined by clinical need and surgeon preference. There is no improvement in quality of life for most patients following mastoid surgery.
Intra-operative skull X-ray for misdirection of the cochlear implant array into the vestibular labyrinth
Authors: Hassan A M , Patel R , Redleaf M 
Published: August 2015

AbstractObjectives:This paper reports five cases of aberrant cochlear implant electrode array insertion into the vestibular labyrinth. A review of the literature was conducted in order to clarify reasonable preventive and detection strategies and endorse the routine use of intra-operative plain skull X-ray.Methods:The study entailed a clinical case series and literature review. The setting was a tertiary academic referral centre. The following data were evaluated: pre-operative temporal bone computed tomography, operative reports, intra-operative imaging, neural response telemetry/imaging and post-operative imaging.Results:There were no consistent pre-operative risk factors found on computed tomography scans and no reliable intra-operative signs of electrode array misdirection. All misdirections in our case series, and those in the literature, were easily detectable on intra-operative plain film X-ray.Conclusion:These reported cases demonstrate implant misdirection without the surgeon's awareness. Aberrant insertion cannot be anticipated, and neural response telemetry/imaging is not a reliable indicator of misdirection. Routine intra-operative anteroposterior plain X-ray of the head is a reliable indicator of misdirection, and is fast and relatively inexpensive.
Tongue-tie division to treat breastfeeding difficulties: our experience
Authors: Sharma S D , Jayaraj S 
Published: August 2015

AbstractObjectives:To assess the benefits of frenotomy on breastfeeding in infants, and determine the influence of age.Methods:A telephone questionnaire of all patients diagnosed with tongue-tie over 12 months was conducted pre-intervention and 1-month post-intervention. The Infant Breastfeeding Assessment Tool was used to assess breastfeeding.Results:Of 54 infants diagnosed with tongue-tie, 78 per cent of mothers participated in the survey. Eighty-six per cent of patients underwent frenotomy, with no surgical complications. In the frenotomy group, 81 per cent of mothers reported improvement in breastfeeding, versus 17 per cent in the non-surgical group (p = 0.0074). In the frenotomy group, the mean (±standard deviation) Infant Breastfeeding Assessment Tool score was 3.33 ± 1.51 pre-intervention, versus 9.19 ± 2.44 post-intervention (p = 0.0001). In the non-surgical intervention group, the mean score (±standard deviation) was 4.17 ± 0.75 pre-intervention, versus 6.00 ± 1.73 post-intervention (p = 0.16). For infants who underwent frenotomy, there was a reported improvement in 94 per cent of those aged less than 30 days, versus 68 per cent in infants aged over 30 days (p = 0.092).Conclusion:Frenotomy is a safe, short procedure that improves breastfeeding outcomes, and is best performed at an early age.
Age and growth estimates of the Kwangtung skate Dipturus kwangtungensis in the waters of northern Taiwan
Authors: Joung Shoou-Jeng , Chen Chien-Chi , Liu Kwang-Ming , Hsieh Tzu-Chi 
Published: August 2015

The age and growth of Kwangtung skate, Dipturus kwangtungensis, in the waters off northern Taiwan were estimated from 422 specimens collected between July 2006 and July 2008 at the Tashi fishing market in north-eastern Taiwan. The sexes-combined relationship between total length (TL) and centrum diameter (D) was estimated as follows: TL = 14.11D0.888 (N = 411, r2 = 0.94, P < 0.001). Growth band pairs (comprised of translucent and opaque bands) in vertebrae were determined to form once annually, based on the centrum edge analysis. Up to 14 band pairs were found for both sexes. The von Bertalanffy growth function (VBGF), two-parameter VBGF, the Robertson function, and the Gompertz function were used to fit the observed length-at-age data. The Akaike information criterion corrected indicated that the Gompertz function best fit the observed length at age data. Sex-specific growth functions were not significantly different; the sexes-combined growth parameters were estimated as follows: asymptotic length (L∞) = 96.7 cm TL, growth coefficient (kG) = 0.144 year−1 and constant (t0) = 5.45 year (N = 364, P < 0.01).