bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serotonin Syndrome Following Methylene Blue Administration During Cardiothoracic Surgery
Authors: Smith Christina J. , Wang Dorothy , Sgambelluri Anna , Kramer Robert S. , Gagnon David J. 
Published: January 2015

Introduction: Despite its favorable safety profile, there have been reports of methylene blue-induced encephalopathy and serotonin syndrome in patients undergoing parathyroidectomy. We report a case of serotonin syndrome following methylene blue administration in a cardiothoracic surgery patient. Case Report: A 59-year-old woman taking preoperative venlafaxine and trazodone was given a single dose of 2 mg/kg methylene blue (167 mg) during a planned coronary artery bypass and mitral valve repair. Postoperatively, she was febrile to 38.7°C and developed full-body tremors, rhythmic twitching of the perioral muscles, slow conjugate roving eye movements, and spontaneous movements of the upper extremities. Electroencephalography revealed generalized diffuse slowing consistent with toxic encephalopathy, and a computed tomography scan showed no acute process. The patient’s symptoms were most consistent with a methylene blue-induced serotonin syndrome. Her motor symptoms resolved within 48 hours and she was eventually discharged home. Discussion: Only 2 cases of methylene blue-induced serotonin syndrome during cardiothoracic surgery have been described in the literature, with this report representing the third case. Methylene blue and its metabolite, azure B, are potent, reversible inhibitors of monoamine oxidase A which is responsible for serotonin metabolism. Concomitant administration of methylene blue with serotonin-modulating agents may precipitate serotonin syndrome.
Liposomal Bupivacaine in Forefoot Surgery
Authors: Robbins Justin , Green Cynthia L. , Parekh Selene G. 
Published: January 2015

Background: Liposomal bupivacaine is increasingly being utilized in attempts to provide prolonged local analgesia in the immediate postoperative period. The purpose of this study was to quantify the reduction in opioid consumption as well as postoperative pain scores in the postoperative period when liposomal bupivacaine is used at the conclusion of forefoot surgery. Methods: This was a prospective therapeutic cohort study with 20 patients receiving liposomal bupivacaine at the conclusion of their forefoot procedure in addition to our routine multimodal analgesic protocol and 20 patients as the control without the addition of liposomal bupivacaine. Pain scores, number of narcotic pills consumed on postoperative days 1 through 4, need for refill, time to first refill and wound complications were evaluated. Results: Mean number of narcotic pills consumed on postoperative day 1 (1.4 vs 3.6, P = .002) and day 2 (1.8 vs 3.6, P = .021) was significantly lower for the liposomal bupivacaine group than the control group. Daily pain scores were lower for those patients who received liposomal bupivacaine on postoperative days 1 through 4, although this was not statistically significant. Fewer patients required medication refills in the liposomal bupivacaine group compared to the control group, however this was not statistically significant (3 vs 7, P = .273). There was no increase in wound complications in the liposomal bupivacaine group when compared to the control (1 vs 4). Conclusion: Liposomal bupivacaine appears to be a useful adjunct in the treatment of postoperative pain when used as a part of a multimodal analgesic regimen in patients undergoing forefoot surgery. Level of Evidence: Level II, prospective comparative study.
Predicting the Need for Upfront Combination Therapy in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Bajwa Abubakr A. , Qureshi Tauseef , Shujaat Adil , Seeram Vandana , Jones Lisa M. , Al-Saffar Farah , Cury James D. 
Published: January 2015

Background: Combination therapy is commonly used for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) treatment. We aimed to identify factors that may predict the need for future combination therapy. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of consecutive patients with PAH in an aim to describe baseline clinical, echocardiogram, and hemodynamic characteristics of patients who eventually required combination therapy during the course of their disease and compared them to the ones who were maintained on monotherapy. Results: The monotherapy group was followed for an average of 31.8 ± 18.8 months and the combination therapy group was followed for an average of 28.7 ± 13.6 months. Among the 71 patients analyzed, a significantly higher number of patients who eventually required combination therapy belonged to World Health Organization functional class 3 (45% vs 37%) and 4 (23% vs 0) at baseline, compared with those on monotherapy ( P < .05). Combination group also had a higher Registry to Evaluate Early And Long-term PAH Disease Management (REVEAL) PAH risk score at presentation. End of 6-minute walk test (6MWT), oxygen saturation (Spo2) was also lower in the combination therapy group, 86% ± 8% versus 91% ± 7% ( P < .05). Patients who eventually required combination therapy were more frequently noticed to have right ventricular enlargement, right atrial enlargement, and had a higher resting estimated right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP). Right heart catheterization-derived hemodynamics data at baseline showed that the combination therapy group had a higher mean pulmonary artery (PA) pressure, lower pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, lower cardiac output, and higher pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). On univariate analysis, only PVR ≥300 dyne·s/cm5, mean PA pressure of ≥40 mm Hg, estimated RVSP ≥ 60 mm Hg, PAH risk score ≥ 10, and end of 6MWT saturation of ≤ 90% were of significance. Conclusion: Patients with PAH who require combination therapy in the course of their disease have worse hemodynamics, PAH risk score, functional class, and end of 6MWT oxygen saturation at the time of presentation compared to patients maintained on monotherapy.
Trends in hospital admissions for Varicella and Zoster viruses in England, 2001/2002–2010/2011: time trend study
Authors: Abdalrahman Bayad , Laverty Anthony A , Beckett Gail , Majeed Azeem 
Published: January 2015

Summary Objectives Varicella and Herpes Zoster are common infectious diseases. Various studies have estimated rates of infection for both manifestations of these infections; however rates of hospital admissions across the country have not previously been described. This paper presents data on hospital admissions in England for Varicella and Herpes Zoster from 2001/2002 to 2010/2011. Design Time trends study of all hospital admissions for Varicella and Herpes Zoster from 2001/2002 to 2010/2011 in England. Setting Hospital admissions across England from 2001/2002 to 2010/2011. Participants We included all patients admitted to hospital from 2001/2002 to 2010/2011 diagnosed with Varicella and Zoster according to the International Classification of Diseases version 10 (ICD-10). Main outcome measures The main outcome measures were admission rates by year and diagnosis and age-specific admission rates for Varicella and Zoster from 2001/2002 to 2010/2011. Methods We analysed data from Hospital Episode Statistics which include patient characteristics such as age which was used here in order to standardise rates to the relevant population. We also used mid-year population estimates from the Office for National Statistics for standardisation purposes. All analyses were conducted using Stata v12.0. Results The hospital admission rate for Varicella cases has risen by 1.8% over the 10-year study period. While the overall admission rates for Herpes Zoster have decreased by 4% from 2001/2002 levels. The vast majority of Varicella and Zoster admissions were not associated with any complications. Conclusion The introduction of Herpes Zoster vaccine is anticipated to decrease hospital admissions in older age groups further. A repeat of this study after a further period of time would help to evaluate the impact of the introduction of Herpes Zoster vaccine in England on hospital admissions.
Transgressing Caste Indignities through Reservation in Education: Debunking Myths on Systemic Equity and Fairness in India
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Devarshi 
Published: January 2015

The sociological and political issues of caste and the rule of law in the annihilation of its victims continue to be the reasons behind a surge of scholarly literature that has existed within the domains of public discourse. The researcher seeks to explore Amartya Sen’s conversion handicap thesis in the context of reservation strictly in higher education, followed by a brief relevance of Nussbaum’s human rights perspective in light of India’s international obligations as signatory and ratifier of the International Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD) as well as the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), in 1979. This section makes way for an empirical enquiry into the failure of the governance initiatives towards capability building, by governance initiatives failing to provide for the gradual introduction of these communities into the social mainstream. The second section shall examine how the design and the model of implementation of the present reservation system fail to provide for adequate social justice. The third and final section shall sum up the major fronts where the government initiatives at ensuring substantive equality have failed, with a conclusion speaking about possible alternatives. The very purpose of this article is to debunk certain myths about the equity and as the degrees of equality that exist within the current reservation regime and the average disadvantage that a scheduled member faces today.
Site-Specific Targeting of Platelet-Rich Plasma via Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles
Authors: Talaie Tara , Pratt Stephen J.P. , Vanegas Camilo , Xu Su , Henn R. Frank , Yarowsky Paul , Lovering Richard M. 
Published: January 2015

Background: Muscle strains are one of the most common injuries treated by physicians. Standard conservative therapy for acute muscle strains usually involves short-term rest, ice, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications, but there is no clear consensus regarding treatments to accelerate recovery. Recently, clinical use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has gained momentum as an option for therapy and is appealing for many reasons, most notably because it provides growth factors in physiological proportions and it is autologous, safe, easily accessible, and potentially beneficial. Local delivery of PRP to injured muscles can hasten recovery of function. However, specific targeting of PRP to sites of tissue damage in vivo is a major challenge that can limit its efficacy. Hypothesis: Location of PRP delivery can be monitored and controlled in vivo with noninvasive tools. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) can be visualized by both magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (in vivo) and fluorescence microscopy (after tissue harvesting). PRP was labeled with SPIONs and administered by intramuscular injections of SPION-containing platelets. MRI was used to monitor the ability to manipulate and retain the location of PRP in vivo by placement of an external magnet. Platelets were isolated from whole blood and incubated with SPIONs. Following SPION incubation with PRP, a magnetic field was used to manipulate platelet location in culture dishes. In vivo, the tibialis anterior (TA) muscles of anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with SPION-containing platelets, and MRI was used to track platelet position with and without a magnet worn over the TA muscles for 4 days. Results: The method used to isolate PRP yielded a high concentration (almost 4-fold increase) of platelets. In vitro experiments showed that the platelets successfully took up SPIONs and then rapidly responded to an applied magnetic field. Platelets without SPIONs did not respond to the magnetic field. In vivo experiments showed that the SPION-containing platelets can be noninvasively maintained at a specific site with the application of a magnetic field. Conclusion: PRP may be a useful product in the clinical treatment of muscle injuries, but one problem with using it as a therapeutic tool is retaining PRP at the site of injury. This study proposes a potential solution, with findings that support this method at the cell, whole muscle, and in vivo levels. Controlling the location of PRP will allow the clustering of PRP to enrich the target area with growth factors and will prevent loss of platelets over time at the site of injury.
Autologous Hamstring Anterior Cruciate Ligament Graft Failure Using the Anteromedial Portal Technique With Suspensory Femoral Fixation
Authors: Galdi Balazs , Reyes Allan , Brabston Eugene W. , Levine William N. 
Published: January 2015

Background: The anteromedial portal technique for drilling of the femoral tunnel during anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction has been advocated by many surgeons as allowing improved access to the anatomical footprint. Furthermore, suspensory fixation of soft tissue grafts has become popularized because of complications associated with cross-pin fixation. Concerns regarding the use of both have recently arisen. Purpose: To raise awareness of the increased risk of graft failure when using the anteromedial portal technique with suspensory femoral fixation during ACL reconstruction. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: From November 1998 to August 2012, a total of 465 primary ACL reconstructions were performed using quadrupled hamstring autograft tendons, with drilling of the femoral tunnel performed via the transtibial portal. Graft fixation on the femur was achieved with cross-pin fixation, while interference screw fixation was used on the tibia. From September 2012 to October 2013, there were 69 reconstructions performed through an anteromedial portal. While there was no change in graft choice, a change was made to using suspensory femoral fixation. No other surgical or postoperative rehabilitation changes were made. Results: During the 14-year period in which ACL reconstructions were performed via the transtibial portal and with cross-pin fixation, 2 graft failures (0.4% failure rate) were reported. After switching to the anteromedial portal with suspensory fixation, 7 graft failures (10.1% failure rate) were reported over a 13-month period. These were 5 male and 2 female patients, with a mean age of 18.8 years—all elite athletes. The same surgical technique was used in all patients, and all patients had at least an 8 mm–diameter graft. Patients were cleared to return to sport at an average of 8.4 months postoperatively, after completing functional performance tests. Of the 7 patients, 6 sustained a rerupture of the graft within 2 weeks of returning to full competition. The final patient sustained a rerupture 10 months after being cleared to play. Conclusion: Compared with the transtibial technique with cross-pin graft fixation, there is an increased risk of graft failure when performing autologous hamstring ACL reconstructions using the anteromedial portal technique with cortical suspensory fixation.
The mouse NKR-P1B:Clr-b recognition system is a negative regulator of innate immune responses
Authors: Rahim Mir Munir A. , Chen Peter , Mottashed Amelia N. , Mahmoud Ahmad Bakur , Thomas Midhun J. , Zhu Qinzhang , Brooks Colin G. , Kartsogiannis Vicky , Gillespie Matthew T. , Carlyle James R. , Makrigiannis Andrew P. 
Published: January 2015

Key PointsNKR-P1B is involved in NK cell tolerance and MHC-I-independent missing-self recognition of Clr-b-deficient target cells. The NKR-P1B:Clr-b system plays a role in tumor surveillance and immune escape in the Eμ-myc transgenic mouse model of B-cell lymphoma.
Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase κ directly targets STAT3 activation for tumor suppression in nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma
Authors: Chen Yun-Wen , Guo Tianhuan , Shen Lijun , Wong Kai-Yau , Tao Qian , Choi William W. L. , Au-Yeung Rex K. H. , Chan Yuen-Piu , Wong Michelle L. Y. , Tang Johnny C. O. , Liu Wei-Ping , Li Gan-Di , Shimizu Norio , Loong Florence , Tse Eric , Kwong Yok-Lam , Srivastava Gopesh 
Published: January 2015

Key Points
PTPRK binds to STAT3 and directly dephosphorylates phospho-STAT3 at Tyr705. Loss of PTPRK, located in the deleted 6q region, leads to STAT3 activation and contributes to nasal-type NK/T-cell lymphoma pathogenesis.
γδ T-cell reconstitution after HLA-haploidentical hematopoietic transplantation depleted of TCR-αβ+/CD19+ lymphocytes
Authors: Airoldi Irma , Bertaina Alice , Prigione Ignazia , Zorzoli Alessia , Pagliara Daria , Cocco Claudia , Meazza Raffaella , Loiacono Fabrizio , Lucarelli Barbarella , Bernardo Maria Ester , Barbarito Giulia , Pende Daniela , Moretta Alessandro , Pistoia Vito , Moretta Lorenzo , Locatelli Franco 
Published: January 2015

Key Points
Vδ1 and Vδ2 T cells promptly reconstitute in children given haploidentical stem cell transplantation depleted of αβ+ T and CD19+ B cells. Vδ1 cells are expanded in patients experiencing cytomegalovirus reactivation; ZOL potentiates Vδ2 killing against leukemia blasts.
Airway wall thickness associated with forced expiratory volume in 1 second decline and development of airflow limitation
Authors: Mohamed Hoesein Firdaus A.A. , de Jong Pim A. , Lammers Jan-Willem J. , Mali Willem P.T.M. , Schmidt Michael , de Koning Harry J. , van der Aalst Carlijn , Oudkerk Matthijs , Vliegenthart Rozemarijn , Groen Harry J.M. , van Ginneken Bram , van Rikxoort Eva M. , Zanen Pieter 
Published: January 2015

Airway wall thickness and emphysema contribute to airflow limitation.We examined their association with lung function decline and development of airflow limitation in 2021 male smokers with and without airflow limitation. Airway wall thickness and emphysema were quantified on chest computed tomography and expressed as the square root of wall area of a 10-mm lumen perimeter (Pi10) and the 15th percentile method (Perc15), respectively. Baseline and follow-up (median (interquartile range) 3 (2.9–3.1) years) spirometry was available.Pi10 and Perc15 correlated with baseline forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) (r= −0.49 and 0.11, respectively (p<0.001)). Multiple linear regression showed that Pi10 and Perc15 at baseline were associated with a lower FEV1 after follow-up (p<0.05). For eachsdincrease in Pi10 and decrease in Perc15 the FEV1 decreased by 20 mL and 30.2 mL, respectively. The odds ratio for developing airflow limitation after 3 years was 2.45 for a 1-mm higher Pi10 and 1.46 for a 10-HU lower Perc15 (p<0.001).A greater degree of airway wall thickness and emphysema was associated with a higher FEV1 decline and development of airflow limitation after 3 years of follow-up.
Pulmonary manifestations in adult patients with chronic granulomatous disease
Authors: Salvator Hélène , Mahlaoui Nizar , Catherinot Emilie , Rivaud Elisabeth , Pilmis Benoit , Borie Raphael , Crestani Bruno , Tcherakian Colas , Suarez Felipe , Dunogue Bertrand , Gougerot-Pocidalo Marie-Anne , Hurtado-Nedelec Margarita , Dreyfus Jean-François , Durieu Isabelle , Fouyssac Fanny , Hermine Olivier , Lortholary Olivier , Fischer Alain , Couderc Louis-Jean 
Published: January 2015

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a primary immunodeficiency caused by failure of superoxide production in phagocytic cells. The disease is characterised by recurrent infections and inflammatory events, frequently affecting the lungs. Improvement of life expectancy now allows most patients to reach adulthood. We aimed to describe the pattern of pulmonary manifestations occurring during adulthood in CGD patients.This was a retrospective study of the French national cohort of adult patients (≥16 years old) with CGD.Medical data were obtained for 67 adult patients. Pulmonary manifestations affected two-thirds of adult patients. Their incidence was significantly higher than in childhood (mean annual rate 0.22versus0.07, p=0.01). Infectious risk persisted despite anti-infectious prophylaxis. Invasive fungal infections were frequent (0.11 per year per patient) and asymptomatic in 37% of the cases. They often required lung biopsy for diagnosis (10 out of 30). Noninfectious respiratory events concerned 28% of adult patients, frequently associated with a concomitant fungal infection (40%). They were more frequent in patients with the X-linked form of CGD. Immune-modulator therapies were required in most cases (70%).Respiratory manifestations are major complications of CGD in adulthood. Noninfectious pulmonary manifestations are as deleterious as infectious pneumonia. A specific respiratory monitoring is necessary.
Plasma pro-surfactant protein B and lung function decline in smokers
Authors: Leung Janice M. , Mayo John , Tan Wan , Tammemagi C. Martin , Liu Geoffrey , Peacock Stuart , Shepherd Frances A. , Goffin John , Goss Glenwood , Nicholas Garth , Tremblay Alain , Johnston Michael , Martel Simon , Laberge Francis , Bhatia Rick , Roberts Heidi , Burrowes Paul , Manos Daria , Stewart Lori , Seely Jean M. , Gingras Michel , Pasian Sergio , Tsao Ming-Sound , Lam Stephen , Sin Don D. 
Published: January 2015

Plasma pro-surfactant protein B (pro-SFTPB) levels have recently been shown to predict the development of lung cancer in current and ex-smokers, but the ability of pro-SFTPB to predict measures of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) severity is unknown. We evaluated the performance characteristics of pro-SFTPB as a biomarker of lung function decline in a population of current and ex-smokers.Plasma pro-SFTPB levels were measured in 2503 current and ex-smokers enrolled in the Pan-Canadian Early Detection of Lung Cancer Study. Linear regression was performed to determine the relationship of pro-SFTPB levels to changes in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) over a 2-year period as well as to baseline FEV1 and the burden of emphysema observed in computed tomography (CT) scans.Plasma pro-SFTPB levels were inversely related to both FEV1 % predicted (p=0.024) and FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) (p<0.001), and were positively related to the burden of emphysema on CT scans (p<0.001). Higher plasma pro-SFTPB levels were also associated with a more rapid decline in FEV1 at 1 year (p=0.024) and over 2 years of follow-up (p=0.004).Higher plasma pro-SFTPB levels are associated with increased severity of airflow limitation and accelerated decline in lung function. Pro-SFTPB is a promising biomarker for COPD severity and progression.
Efficacy of short-term prednisolone treatment in patients with chronic eosinophilic pneumonia
Authors: Oyama Yoshiyuki , Fujisawa Tomoyuki , Hashimoto Dai , Enomoto Noriyuki , Nakamura Yutaro , Inui Naoki , Kuroishi Shigeki , Yokomura Koshi , Toyoshima Mikio , Yamada Takashi , Shirai Toshihiro , Masuda Masafumi , Yasuda Kazumasa , Hayakawa Hiroshi , Chida Kingo , Suda Takafumi 
Published: January 2015

In patients with chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (CEP), dramatic improvements are seen in response to corticosteroid therapy; however, relapse is common after treatment has ceased. The optimal duration of corticosteroid therapy remains unclear.In a randomised, open-label, parallel group study, eligible patients with CEP received oral prednisolone for either 3 months (3-month group) or 6 months (6-month group), followed by 2 years observation. All patients were treated with an initial dose of prednisolone of 0.5 mg·kg−1·day−1, which was then tapered and discontinued at either 3 or 6 months. The primary end-point was relapse during the follow-up period.In the final analysis, there were 23 patients in the 3-month group and 21 patients in the 6-month group. All patients showed a good response to prednisolone treatment. There were 12 (52.1%) relapses in the 3-month group and 13 (61.9%) relapses in the 6-month group. No significant difference was found in the cumulative rate of relapse (p=0.56). All relapse cases showed improvement upon resumption of prednisolone treatment.No difference was observed in the rate of relapse between the 3- and 6-month prednisolone treatment groups for patients with CEP.