bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survey of the genus Stegana Meigen (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from Taiwan, with DNA barcodes and descriptions of three new species
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Tsaur Shun-Chern , Chen Hong-Wei 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundTwelveSteganaspecies have been reported from Taiwan, yet only four were also recorded from Mainland China. This may not reflect the actual fauna between both sides of the strait. This report mainly deals with a fly collection of the genusSteganaduring a short visit to Taiwan in 2012. It represents the most recent drosophilid faunal survey of Taiwan associating with bleeding trees.ResultsIn this study, 17 species were recognized including three new ones and eight new records. They areStegana(Oxyphortica)convergens(de Meijere, 1911);Stegana(Oxyphortica)nigripennis(Hendel, 1914);Stegana(Stegana)taiwanaOkada, 1991;Stegana(Steganina)bacillaChen and Aotsuka, 2004;Stegana(Steganina)chitouensisSidorenko, 1998;Stegana(Steganina)ctenariaNishiharu, 1979;Stegana(Steganina)euryphyllaChen and Chen, 2009;Stegana(Steganina)langufoliaceaWu, Gao and Chen, 2010;Stegana(Steganina)melanostomaChen and Chen, 2009;Stegana(Steganina)nigrolimbataDuda, 1924;Stegana(Steganina)ornatipesWheeler and Takada, 1964;Stegana(Steganina)reniWang, Gao and Chen, 2010;Stegana(Steganina)tongiWang, Gao and Chen, 2010;Stegana(Steganina)xuiWang, Gao and Chen, 2010;Stegana(Steganina)jianqinaesp. nov.;Stegana(Stegana)yangisp. nov., andStegana(Steganina)wulaisp. nov. Six recorded species are redescribed based on new materials. The key to all species of the genusSteganain Taiwan is presented. The DNA barcoding fragments of the mitochondrialCOIgene are sequenced and used to delineate species.ConclusionsAmong the 23 recorded species, two most widely distributed species range across two zoogeographic regions, and one occurs in both Taiwan and India. Five species are insular species recorded from Taiwan and Japan. The remaining 16 species are distributed in both Taiwan and southern Mainland China. One montane species was collected at an elevation of 1,500 m. As a whole, this implies that TaiwaneseSteganafauna should be largely of a Mainland China origin, probably as a consequence of the east- and/or southward dispersals of the ancestral species during the glacial epoch. The 20% (5/23) endemism at the genus level is comparable to that of the family level at 63/320. It is notable that the Fujian province, which is bordered by Guangdong to the south but isolated from Taiwan by the 180-km-wide strait, has no species in common with Guangdong and Taiwan. This may be due to insufficient drosophilid faunal survey in these areas, especially for Fujian.
Correlation between DNA methylation and chronological age of Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys heterocycla var. pubescens)
Authors: Yuan Jin-Ling , Sun Hui-Min , Guo Guang-Ping , Yue Jin-Jun , Gu Xiao-Ping 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Background
Chronological age is the primary consideration when studying the physiological development, aging, and flowering of bamboo. However, it’s difficult to determine bamboo’s chronological age if the time of germination is unknown. To investigate the chronological age of bamboo from the genomic DNA methylation profile, methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP) was employed to analyze the genomic DNA methylation of Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys heterocycla var. pubescens) from stands of nine germination-ages, using six primer pairs which have previously been shown to yield methylation rates that reflect the age of Moso bamboo.

Results
The results showed that the total genomic DNA methylation rates in Moso bamboo at different chronological ages were significantly different, and the increase in genomic DNA methylation rate was consistent with the increase of chronological age. Six primer pairs displayed different genomic DNA methylation rates in Moso bamboo of nine age’s group; however, a significantly positive correlation existed among these primer pairs. An integrated index was obtained by performing principal component analysis on the six primer pairs to represent the genomic DNA methylation levels in Moso bamboo of various chronological ages, and a quadratic curve between the chronological age and genomic DNA methylation levels was obtained.

Conclusions
Such a relationship between DNA methylation and its chronological age may serve a reference for its aging study in Moso bamboo.
IL‐17 producing T cells correlate with polysensitization but not with bronchial hyperresponsiveness in patients with allergic rhinitis
Authors: Tsvetkova‐Vicheva Vanya M , Gecheva Svetla P , Komsa‐Penkova Regina , Velkova Angelika S , Lukanov Tcvetan H 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundTh2‐type T cell response has a considerable role in atopic diseases. The involvement of Th17 and IL‐17 in atopy process provided new understanding of allergic diseases. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness is quite common in allergic rhinitis. We aimed to explore the expression of IL‐17 producing CD3+ CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood of rhinitic patients, with/without bronchial hyperresponsiveness and sensitized to common allergens, as this relationship has not been examined.MethodsSixty one patients with allergic rhinitis and thirty controls were examined. IL‐17 producing T cells were detected by flow cytometry, IL‐17, IL‐4 and IL‐13 levels in peripheral blood were evaluated by ELISA. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness was investigated with methacholine challenge test. Atopy was evaluated by skin prick tests with common allergens.ResultsIL‐17 producing T cell percentage of AR group was significantly higher: 2.59 ± 1.32 than in controls 1.24 ± 0.22, (p = 0.001). Significant sex related difference in CD3+ CD4+ IL‐17 T cells was observed: respectively in male patients versus female 3.15 ± 1.8% and 2.31 ± 0.9%, (p = 0.02). Rhinitics had greater bronchodilator responses compared to controls (p = 0.001), however the percentages of T cells in both groups appeared equal. Serum IL‐17 levels in AR group were significantly higher (5.10 ± 4.40) pg/ml than in controls (3.46 ±1.28) pg/ml, (p = 0.04). IL‐4 levels (0.88 ± 1.27) and IL‐13 levels (3.14 ± 5.85) in patients were significantly higher than in control's (0.54 ± 0.10) pg/ml, (p = 0.001) and (1.19 ± 0.64) pg/ml; (p = 0.001) respectively.The percentages of T cells in patients sensitized to 5 allergens (group I) were significantly lower (1.91 ± 0.62) than those sensitized to more than 5 allergens (group II) (2.91 ± 1.5) (p = 0.004).ConclusionsThe observed higher levels of IL‐17 producing T cells in polysensitized males suggest a role of IL‐17 in pathogenesis of AR. The higher airway responsiveness in AR may not be Th17 dependent. The higher serum values of IL‐17, IL‐4 and IL‐13 demonstrate the presence of cytokine balance in atopic diseases.
WITHDRAWN: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol is associated with fracture risk in diabetes patients – a nested case-control study
Authors: Starup-Linde Jakob , Gregersen Soeren , Vestergaard Peter 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Aim
Diabetes Mellitus is associated with an increased risk of fractures, which is not explained fully by bone mineral density and common risk factors. The aim of this study is to investigate the association of medication and biochemical markers on the risk of fracture in a diabetes population.

Methods
Nested case-control study based on Danish diabetes patients from The Danish National Hospital Discharge Registry. The cases of the study were diabetes patients with a fracture (n= 24,349) and controls were diabetes patients with no fracture (n=132,349). A total of 2,816 diabetes patients were available for an analysis of patient characteristics, co-morbidities, biochemical parameters and drug usage.

Results
Patient age at the time of diabetes diagnosis, a diagnosis of previous fracture, an alcohol related diagnosis, total cholesterol level, and the usage of antidepressants, antiepileptics and insulin all increased the odds of fracture. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) levels decreased the odds of fracture, where the level of 3.04–5.96 mmol/l was optimal with regard to fracture risk.

Conclusion
LDL may add to the understanding of fractures in diabetes patients and it may be added to current fracture risk models in diabetes patients.
Chemisorption of Carbon Dioxide in Carboxylate-Functionalized Ionic Liquids: A Mechanistic Study
Authors: Yasaka Yoshiro , Ueno Masakatsu , Kimura Yoshifumi 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Spectroscopic investigations on the CO2 chemisorption by tetra-n-butylphosphonium formate as an example of carboxylate-functionalized ionic liquids reveal that the formation of hydrogen-bond complexes such as diformate anion supplies the driving force of the chemisorption.
Report of the Nomenclature Committee for Vascular Plants: 65
Authors: Applequist Wendy L. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe family name Viburnaceae is recommended for conservation. The following two generic names are recommended for conservation: Dunbaria with conserved type and Meconopsis with conserved type. Cacalia sect. Cissampelopsis, the basionym of Cissampelopsis, is recommended for conservation with conserved type. The following three generic names are not recommended for conservation: Brachypterum against Solori, Inula with conserved type, and Pabstiella against Phloeophila. Conservation of the generic name Mezoneuron with that spelling is considered to be unnecessary. The generic name Hexasepalum is not recommended for rejection. The following 18 species names are recommended for conservation: Ageratum conyzoides with conserved type, Bambusa baccifera with conserved type, Calamus latifolius with conserved type, Carex norvegica against C. halleri and with conserved type, Eucalyptus populnea with conserved type, Ficus insipida with conserved type, Geranium pyrenaicum with conserved type, Glycine floribunda with conserved type, Glycyrrhiza inflata against G. paucifoliolata, Hedysarum incanum Sw. against H. incanum Thunb., Hoya mitrata against H. wallichiana, Ipomoea semisagitta with conserved type, Macrolobium grandiflorum against M. straussianum, Maytenus ilicifolia Mart. ex Reissek against M. ilicifolia (Schrad.) Planch., Myosotis sicula against M. gussonei, Ornithogalum narbonense with conserved type, Polygala longicaulis against P. brachistachyos, and Spermacoce hyssopifolia Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. The following four species names are not recommended for conservation: Carex foliosa D. Don against C. foliosa All., Cytisus podolicus against C. bucovinensis, Cytisus blockianus against C. kerneri and C. marilauni, and Xiphion vulgare against Iris xiphium. In lieu of conservation of Curcuma euchroma against Erndlia subpersonata and Odontarrhena obovata against Alyssum fischerianum, rejection of Erndlia subpersonata and Alyssum fischerianum is recommended. Conservation of two species names, Prunus virginiana with conserved type and Solanum torvum with conserved type, is considered to be unnecessary. The following 12 species names are recommended for rejection: Cactus coquimbanus, Eriogonum cordatum, Gomphrena polygonoides, Laurus nitida, Oisodix fulva, Pinus adunca, Pinus californiana, Potamogeton dimorphus, Potamogeton petiolaris, Sisymbrium lineare, Spermacoce hyssopifolia Sm., and Spermacoce strigosa. The following three species names are not recommended for rejection: Blainvillea rhomboidea, Hexasepalum angustifolium, and Verbesina dichotoma. It is recommended that Ferdinanda Lag. and Ferdinandea Pohl, and Lerouxia Mérat and Lerrouxia Caball., be treated as homonyms. It is recommended that Laurus porrecta Roxb. be treated as not validly published. After two ballots, no vote of at least 11 either for or against a proposal to superconserve Adoxaceae against Viburnaceae has been obtained.
Examining the Relationship Between Heart Rate and Problem Behavior: A Case Study of Severe Skin Picking in Prader-Willi Syndrome
Authors: Hall Scott S. , Hammond Jennifer L. , Hustyi Kristin M. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Few studies have examined the relationship between heart rate and self-injurious behavior (SIB) shown by individuals with IDD (intellectual and developmental disabilities). In this single-case study, we simultaneously monitored heart rate and activity levels during a functional analysis of severe skin picking behavior exhibited by a young man with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). Results of the functional analysis indicated that the participant's skin picking was maintained by automatic reinforcement. A within-session analysis of the data indicated that skin picking bouts resulted in an increase in heart rate, suggesting a positive- automatic reinforcement function. These data indicate that inclusion of heart rate and activity-level monitoring during a functional analysis may provide important additional information concerning the determinants of SIB.
Physiological Arousal in Autism and Fragile X Syndrome: Group Comparisons and Links With Pragmatic Language
Authors: Klusek Jessica , Martin Gary E. , Losh Molly 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis study tested the hypothesis that pragmatic (i.e., social) language impairment is linked to arousal dysregulation in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and fragile X syndrome (FXS). Forty boys with ASD, 39 with FXS, and 27 with typical development (TD), aged 4–15 years, participated. Boys with FXS were hyperaroused compared to boys with TD but did not differ from boys with ASD. Dampened vagal tone predicted pragmatic impairment in ASD, and associations emerged between cardiac activity and receptive/expressive vocabulary across groups. Findings support autonomic dysfunction as a mechanism underlying pragmatic impairment in ASD and suggest that biophysiological profiles are shared in ASD and FXS, which has implications for understanding the role of fragile X mental retardation-1 (FMR1, the FXS gene) in the pathophysiology of ASD.
Magnetically Promoted Rapid Immunoreactions Using Functionalized Fluorescent Magnetic Beads: A Proof of Principle
Authors: Sakamoto Satoshi , Omagari Kenshi , Kita Yoshinori , Mochizuki Yusuke , Naito Yasuyuki , Kawata Shintaro , Matsuda Sachiko , Itano Osamu , Jinno Hiromitsu , Takeuchi Hiroya , Yamaguchi Yuki , Kitagawa Yuko , Handa Hiroshi 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Accurate detection and monitoring of disease-related biomarkers is important in understanding pathophysiology. We devised a rapid immunoreaction system that uses submicrometer polymer-coated fluorescent ferrite (FF) beads containing both ferrites (magnetic iron oxide) and fluorescent europium complexes.

METHODS
FF beads were prepared by encapsulation of hydrophobic europium complexes into the polymer layers of affinity magnetic beads using organic solvent. A sandwich immunoassay using magnetic collection of antibody-coated FF beads to a specific place was performed. Brain natriuretic peptide and prostate-specific antigen were selected as target detection antigens to demonstrate the feasibility of this approach. An immunohistochemical staining using magnetic collection of antibody-coated FF beads onto carcinoma cell samples was also performed.

RESULTS
The sandwich immunoassays, taking advantage of the magnetic collection of antibody-coated FF beads, detected target antigens within 5 min of sample addition. Without magnetic collection, the sandwich immunoassay using antibody-coated FF beads required long times, similar to conventional immunoassays. Using the magnetic collection of antibody-coated FF beads, immunohistochemical staining enabled discrimination of carcinoma cells within 20 min.

CONCLUSIONS
This proof of principle system demonstrates that immunoreactions involving the magnetic collection of antibody-coated FF beads allow acceleration of the antigen–antibody reaction. The simple magnetic collection of antibody-coated FF beads to a specific space enables rapid detection of disease-related biomarkers and identification of carcinoma cells.
40 Jahre Stabilitäts- und Wachstumsgesetz. Theoretische Analyse und statistische Evaluation einer verfassungsökonomischen Innovation
Authors: Grossekettler Heinz 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
This paper considers the impact over time of the German “Economic Growth and Stability Law”, which had its 40th anniversary on the 6th June, 2007. After looking at the history and development of the law and the associated expectations, the intended functions are analysed critically. Inappropriate use of the law is analysed from the perspective of public choice, as well as the insufficient consideration of reaction delays and, above all, the underestimation of the role of expectations. Furthermore, attention is paid to the fact that planning and coordination problems have not been satisfactorily resolved. A comparison with a control group from major European countries is then used to determine whether one can talk meaningfully in the German context of particular success stories in countering fluctuations in business cycles, the development of governmental debt and of legal objectives with respect to “price level stability”, “high levels of employment”, “current account equilibrium” and “satisfactory economic growth”. It becomes evident that government debt and unemployment have risen more in Germany and that growth rates have declined more sharply than in the countries on which the comparison is based. After discussing the hypotheses for explaining the weak German growth, growth accounting demonstrates that changes in the demographic structure, the substantial shortening of working hours and early retirement, blunders in the reunification process and an aggressive wage policy on the part of trade unions, particularly in the seventies, are the main reasons for low growth. This wage policy was triggered by the expectation of the trade unions that, with the aid of the Stability and Growth Law, the state would ensure full employment. In reality, however, the wage policy led to a reduced rate of investment and growth. This process could only be terminated by the restrained wage policy of the past few years.
Die Schmalenbachkontroverse während der Weltwirtschaftskrise. Ein Fallbeispiel für die ökonomische Wissensrezeption
Authors: Köster Roman 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
In 1928, the economist Eugen Schmalenbach gave a speech in which he argued that the problem of rising fixed costs would (in the long run) transform the economy into a state-controlled cartel. This lecture brought about a broad discussion in science and public. Especially liberal economists challenged Schmalenbach’s hypothesis, whilst others agreed with him that Germany was on the way to some kind of a bounded economy. The article traces this discussion and wants to show, how pure economical and philosophical arguments were mixed up with each other. In the end, Schmalenbach’s rationale ended up as a small part of an overall debate on the future of German capitalism. The latter was mainly initiated by Werner Sombart and should shape the economical discussions during the slump.
Geschichte der Wirtschaftstheorie und Wirtschaftsgeschichte: Einleitung
Authors: Schefold Bertram 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
This introduction to the collection of essays in this issue of the Jahrbuch distinguishes a ‘positivist’, a ‘relativist’ and a ‘political’ approach to the history of economic thought. The 'positivist’ history of economic theory as a series of reconstructions of past theoretical attempts is a history of progressive discoveries of the modern mainstream, whereas there are different forms of ‘historical relativism’: past theories as determined by past material circumstances which differ as ‘modes of production’, past economic ideas as conditioned by ethical norms pertaining to different ideal types and finally different economic styles describing a co-evolution of the social and economic and of the mental sphere. The ‘political orientation’ of past economic doctrines appears as determined by the embedding of the economy in society in pre-modern times, while modern political economy reflects the divergent interests in a disembedded capitalist society.
German Agricultural Employment, Production and Labour Productivity: A New Benchmark for 1936 and a Note on Hoffmann’s Tales
Authors: Fremdling Rainer 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
This paper focuses on agricultural performance in 1936 as part of a comprehensive project to (re)construct a new and reliable benchmark for revising German historical national accounts. The new estimates presented here confirm the poor agricultural performance of Germany compared with other developed economies. The new figures are even significantly lower than Hoffmann’s estimates: In particular, this is shown for key variables like gross and net value added and labour productivity. The benchmark year of 1936 is considered to be representative of the inter-war years. Consequently, once again my statement is confirmed that one should keep away from Hoffmann′s figures when discussing any aspect of economic failure of the Weimar Republic or economic recovery after Hitler came to power.
140 Years of Financial Crises: Old Dog, New Tricks
Authors: Schularick Moritz 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Looking at 140 years of modern financial history, this paper analyses what is new and what is old about the 2008/09 financial crisis. I identify a number of traits common to most financial crises in 19th and 20th century economic history. First, systemic banking crises are typically credit booms gone bust, i.e. they are preceded by periods of marked expansions of the balance sheets of financial intermediaries. Second, despite much more active central bank policies, financial crises have remained costly for the real economy. Third, increases of public debt in the aftermath of banking crisis are nothing new, but there are some indications that the costs have increased over time. However, this time was also different in three respects: first, the dependence of the financial system on wholesale funding markets is a historically new phenomenon with major implications for financial stability and monetary policy. Second, the crisis was closely linked to the emergence of global imbalances and unprecedented reserve accumulation. Third, the global credit boom since the late 1970s did not feed into higher investment rates, which raises questions about the economic benefits of the strong increase in financial intensity in recent years.