bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐Neglect in an Elderly Community‐Dwelling U.S. Chinese Population: Findings from the Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago Study
Authors: Dong XinQi 
Published: November 2014

This study aimed to examine the prevalence of self‐neglect and its specific behaviors in an elderly community‐dwelling U.S. Chinese population through a population‐based cohort study (PINE Study) in the greater Chicago area. Community‐dwelling population of older Chinese adults were interviewed from 2011 to 2013 (n = 3,159). The personal and home environment of participants was rated based on prevalence of hoarding behavior, personal hygiene, repairs needed on the home, sanitary condition of the home, and adequacy of utilities. Prevalence estimates were presented according to self‐reported quality of life (QOL). It was found that the prevalence of self‐neglect was 18.2% for mild self‐neglect and 10.9% for moderate to severe self‐neglect. Unsanitary conditions (17.0%) was the most prevalent, followed by need for home repair (16.3%), hoarding behavior (14.9%), poor personal hygiene (11.3%), and inadequate utilities (4.2%). The prevalence of elder self‐neglect of all severities and of all types was higher in older adults with fair or poor QOL than in those with good or very good QOL. Poorer QOL was significantly associated with greater risk of self‐neglect of all severities (mild self‐neglect: odds ratio (OR) = 1.93, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.26–2.96, P < .001; moderate to severe self‐neglect: OR = 3.58, 95% CI = 1.79–7.13, P < .001) and specific personal and environmental hazards. The study's authors conclude that elder self‐neglect is prevalent, especially in elderly adults with poorer QOL. Future research is needed to examine risk and protective factors associated with elder self‐neglect.
Gingival crevicular fluid proteomes in health, gingivitis and chronic periodontitis
Authors: Huynh A. H. S. , Veith P. D. , McGregor N. R. , Adams G. G. , Chen D. , Reynolds E. C. , Ngo L. H. , Darby I. B. 
Published: November 2014

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare the proteome composition of gingival crevicular fluid obtained from healthy periodontium, gingivitis and chronic periodontitis affected sites.BackgroundOwing to its site‐specific nature, gingival crevicular fluid is ideal for studying biological processes that occur during periodontal health and disease progression. However, few studies have been conducted into the gingival crevicular fluid proteome due to the small volumes obtained.MethodsFifteen males were chosen for each of three different groups, healthy periodontium, gingivitis and chronic periodontitis. They were categorized based on clinical measurements including probing depth, bleeding on probing, plaque index, radiographic bone level, modified gingival index and smoking status. Gingival crevicular fluid was collected from each patient, pooled into healthy, gingivitis and chronic periodontitis groups and their proteome analyzed by gel electrophoresis and liquid chromatography electrospray ionization ion trap tandem mass spectrometry.ResultsOne hundred and twenty‐one proteins in total were identified, and two‐thirds of these were identified in all three conditions. Forty‐two proteins were considered to have changed in abundance. Of note, cystatin B and cystatin S decreased in abundance from health to gingivitis and further in chronic periodontitis. Complement proteins demonstrated an increase from health to gingivitis followed by a decrease in chronic periodontitis. Immunoglobulins, keratin proteins, fibronectin, lactotransferrin precursor, 14‐3‐3 protein zeta/delta, neutrophil defensin 3 and alpha‐actinin exhibited fluctuations in levels.ConclusionThe gingival crevicular fluid proteome in each clinical condition was different and its analysis may assist us in understanding periodontal pathogenesis.
Regulation of adrenomedullin and nitric oxide production by periodontal bacteria
Authors: Hussain Q. A. , McKay I. J. , Gonzales‐Marin C. , Allaker R. P. 
Published: November 2014

ObjectivesIn periodontitis the host response to bacterial challenge includes activity of the multifunctional molecules adrenomedullin (AM) and nitric oxide (NO). The aim of this study was to investigate the role of periodontal bacteria in regulating the production of these molecules from cultured cells.Material and MethodsRegulation of AM and NO production from oral keratinocytes when challenged with culture supernatants from Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Campylobacter rectus, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Veillonella atypica, Streptococcus salivarius and Candida albicans was examined. AM and NO were measured in cell culture supernatants using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and the nitrate/nitrite (NO metabolites) Griess assay respectively. Cellular production of AM and inducible NO synthase was also analysed in target cells by immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis. The inter‐relationship of AM and NO production were further investigated with macrophages.ResultsA. actinomycetemcomitans and C. rectus induced maximal levels of both AM and NO after 6 and 48 h respectively from oral keratinocytes. AM production in macrophages was upregulated in response to the NO donor S‐nitrosoglutathione and partially blocked by the inducible NO synthase inhibitor, Nω‐Nitro‐l‐arginine methyl ester hydrochloride. Likewise, NO production was increased upon exposure to AM, while the AM receptor antagonist AM 22‐52 reduced the release of NO.ConclusionsPathogens associated with aggressive periodontitis, A. actinomycetemcomitans and C. rectus, were more effective than those associated with chronic periodontitis, P. gingivalis and Prev. intermedia, and commensals, S. salivarius and V. atypica, as regards the upregulation of AM and NO production from oral keratinocytes. Interaction between these molecules was also demonstrated with macrophages. Understanding the coordinated regulation of AM and NO production in response to periodontal bacteria may identify ways to promote their protective effects and minimize destructive potential.
Pilot randomized trial of selective internal radiation therapy vs. chemoembolization in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kolligs Frank T. , Bilbao Jose I. , Jakobs Tobias , Iñarrairaegui Mercedes , Nagel Jutta M. , Rodriguez Macarena , Haug Alexander , D'Avola Delia , op den Winkel Mark , Martinez‐Cuesta Antonio , Trumm Christoph , Benito Alberto , Tatsch Klaus , Zech Christoph J. , Hoffmann Ralf‐Thorsten , Sangro Bruno 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackground & AimsTo compare selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), the standard‐of‐care for intermediate‐stage unresectable, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), as first‐line treatment.MethodsSIRTACE was an open‐label multicenter randomized‐controlled pilot study, which prospectively compared primarily safety and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) changes following TACE and SIRT. Patients with unresectable HCC, Child‐Pugh ≤B7, ECOG performance status ≤2 and ≤5 liver lesions (≤20 cm total maximum diameter) without extrahepatic spread were randomized to receive either TACE (at 6‐weekly intervals until tumour enhancement was not observed on MRI or disease progression) or single‐session SIRT (yttrium‐90 resin microspheres).ResultsTwenty‐eight patients with BCLC stage A (32.1%), B (46.4%) or C (21.4%) received either a mean of 3.4 (median 2) TACE interventions (N = 15) or single SIRT (N = 13). Both treatments were well tolerated. Despite SIRT patients having significantly worse physical functioning at baseline, at week‐12, neither treatment had a significantly different impact on HRQoL as measured by Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐Hepatobiliary total or its subscales. Both TACE and SIRT were effective for the local control of liver tumours. Best overall response‐rate (RECIST 1.0) of target lesions were 13.3% and 30.8%, disease control rates were 73.3% and 76.9% for TACE and SIRT, respectively. Two patients in each group were down‐staged for liver transplantation (N = 3) or radiofrequency ablation (N = 1).ConclusionsSingle‐session SIRT appeared to be as safe and had a similar impact on HRQoL as multiple sessions of TACE, suggesting that SIRT might be an alternative option for patients eligible for TACE.
Prognostic role of magnetic resonance imaging vs. computed tomography for hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing chemoembolization
Authors: Kim Beom Kyung , Kim Kyung Ah , An Chansik , Yoo Eun Jin , Park Jun Yong , Kim Do Young , Ahn Sang Hoon , Han Kwang‐Hyub , Kim Seung Up , Kim Myeong‐Jin 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackground & AimsComputed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) play important roles in diagnosis and staging of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, prognostic roles of radiological characteristics are not yet determined.MethodsEighty‐eight patients treated with chemoembolization were analysed. Radiological parameters at baseline were assessed in all patients using both dynamic CT and MRI. Treatment responses were assessed using modified RECIST 4 weeks after the first chemoembolization.ResultsGross vascular invasion (GVI), bile duct invasion, irregular tumour margin (ITM), peripheral ragged enhancement (PRE) and satellite nodules on CT or MRI were associated with non‐response (stable disease or progression) after chemoembolization respectively (all P ≤ 0.05). GVI, ITM and PRE on CT or MRI were also independently associated with poor overall survival (OS) respectively (all P ≤ 0.05). Using these results, a prognostic scoring system for CT and MRI were developed; 0, absence of all three features (GVI, ITM and PRE); 1, presence of one feature; 2, presence of two features; and 3, presence of three features. After adjusting tumour size, tumour number and alpha‐foetoprotein level, both CT and MRI scores were independently associated with OS (both P < 0.001). Patients with CT or MRI score ≥2 had a worse OS than those with score <2 (adjusted hazard ratios, 3.837 and 2.938 respectively). MRI‐specific parameters such as signal intensity on T2‐ or T1‐weighted images, fat signal or hyperintensity on diffusion‐weighted images did not have prognostic value (all P > 0.05).ConclusionsRadiological parameters by CT and MRI may be useful in biological characterization of tumours and prognostification for HCC treated with chemoembolization.
The distribution of genetic variance across phenotypic space and the response to selection
Authors: Blows Mark W. , McGuigan Katrina 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe role of adaptation in biological invasions will depend on the availability of genetic variation for traits under selection in the new environment. Although genetic variation is present for most traits in most populations, selection is expected to act on combinations of traits, not individual traits in isolation. The distribution of genetic variance across trait combinations can be characterized by the empirical spectral distribution of the genetic variance–covariance (G) matrix. Empirical spectral distributions of G from a range of trait types and taxa all exhibit a characteristic shape; some trait combinations have large levels of genetic variance, while others have very little genetic variance. In this study, we review what is known about the empirical spectral distribution of G and show how it predicts the response to selection across phenotypic space. In particular, trait combinations that form a nearly null genetic subspace with little genetic variance respond only inconsistently to selection. We go on to set out a framework for understanding how the empirical spectral distribution of G may differ from the random expectations that have been developed under random matrix theory (RMT). Using a data set containing a large number of gene expression traits, we illustrate how hypotheses concerning the distribution of multivariate genetic variance can be tested using RMT methods. We suggest that the relative alignment between novel selection pressures during invasion and the nearly null genetic subspace is likely to be an important component of the success or failure of invasion, and for the likelihood of rapid adaptation in small populations in general.
Life‐stage differences in spatial genetic structure in an irruptive forest insect: implications for dispersal and spatial synchrony
Authors: James Patrick M. A. , Cooke Barry , Brunet Bryan M. T. , Lumley Lisa M. , Sperling Felix A. H. , Fortin Marie‐Josée , Quinn Vanessa S. , Sturtevant Brian R. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractDispersal determines the flux of individuals, energy and information and is therefore a key determinant of ecological and evolutionary dynamics. Yet, it remains difficult to quantify its importance relative to other factors. This is particularly true in cyclic populations in which demography, drift and dispersal contribute to spatio‐temporal variability in genetic structure. Improved understanding of how dispersal influences spatial genetic structure is needed to disentangle the multiple processes that give rise to spatial synchrony in irruptive species. In this study, we examined spatial genetic structure in an economically important irruptive forest insect, the spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) to better characterize how dispersal, demography and ecological context interact to influence spatial synchrony in a localized outbreak. We characterized spatial variation in microsatellite allele frequencies using 231 individuals and seven geographic locations. We show that (i) gene flow among populations is likely very high (Fst ≈ 0); (ii) despite an overall low level of genetic structure, important differences exist between adult (moth) and juvenile (larvae) life stages; and (iii) the localized outbreak is the likely source of moths captured elsewhere in our study area. This study demonstrates the potential of using molecular methods to distinguish residents from migrants and for understanding how dispersal contributes to spatial synchronization. In irruptive populations, the strength of genetic structure depends on the timing of data collection (e.g. trough vs. peak), location and dispersal. Taking into account this ecological context allows us to make more general characterizations of how dispersal can affect spatial synchrony in irruptive populations.
Comparative genomics in the Asteraceae reveals little evidence for parallel evolutionary change in invasive taxa
Authors: Hodgins Kathryn A. , Bock Dan G. , Hahn Min A. , Heredia Sylvia M. , Turner Kathryn G. , Rieseberg Loren H. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAsteraceae, the largest family of flowering plants, has given rise to many notorious invasive species. Using publicly available transcriptome assemblies from 35 Asteraceae, including six major invasive species, we examined evidence for micro‐ and macro‐evolutionary genomic changes associated with invasion. To detect episodes of positive selection repeated across multiple introductions, we conducted comparisons between native and introduced genotypes from six focal species and identified genes with elevated rates of amino acid change (dN/dS). We then looked for evidence of positive selection at a broader phylogenetic scale across all taxa. As invasive species may experience founder events during colonization and spread, we also looked for evidence of increased genetic load in introduced genotypes. We rarely found evidence for parallel changes in orthologous genes in the intraspecific comparisons, but in some cases we identified changes in members of the same gene family. Using among‐species comparisons, we detected positive selection in 0.003–0.69% and 2.4–7.8% of the genes using site and stochastic branch‐site models, respectively. These genes had diverse putative functions, including defence response, stress response and herbicide resistance, although there was no clear pattern in the GO terms. There was no indication that introduced genotypes have a higher proportion of deleterious alleles than native genotypes in the six focal species, suggesting multiple introductions and admixture mitigated the impact of drift. Our findings provide little evidence for common genomic responses in invasive taxa of the Asteraceae and hence suggest that multiple evolutionary pathways may lead to adaptation during introduction and spread in these species.
The development and validation of a psychological questionnaire for patients undergoing orthognathic treatment
Authors: Shelton A. T. , Houghton N. Y. , Morris D. O. , Latchford G. L. , Bekker H. L. , Munyombwe T. 
Published: November 2014

Structured AbstractObjectivesTo develop a questionnaire to assess the psychosocial aspects which orthognathic patients considered important regarding their dento‐facial deformity.Setting and sample populationA multicentre, prospective, questionnaire development and validation study based in the UK.Material and methodsQuestionnaire development involved item (question) selection through literature review, consultation and feedback from a questionnaire development group and semi‐structured interviews. A ‘final’ questionnaire was tested on a cross‐sectional sample of 110 pre‐operative and 74 post‐operative orthognathic patients and a longitudinal sample of 23 orthognathic patients. Validity was tested using Rasch analysis.ResultsReliability for the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) section was unsatisfactory (ICC = 0.232–0.829, Cronbach alpha = 0.625–0.670), but for the well‐ being (ICC = 0.857, Cronbach alpha = 0.827–0.895) and expectations (ICC = 0.861, Cronbach alpha = 0.804–0.882) sections were satisfactory. The well‐being section was the only section found to be valid for the pre‐and post‐operative samples. Responsiveness was satisfactory for the well‐being scale (p = 0.001).ConclusionsA new condition‐specific orthognathic questionnaire has been developed which has been shown to be reliable, valid and responsive for the well‐being scale. The HADS, as tested by Rasch analysis, was found not to be valid for this orthognathic population.
Semi‐automated kinetic perimetry provides additional information to static automated perimetry in the assessment of the remaining visual field in end‐stage glaucoma
Authors: Nowomiejska Katarzyna , Wrobel‐Dudzinska Dominika , Ksiazek Katarzyna , Ksiazek Piotr , Rejdak Konrad , Maciejewski Ryszard , Juenemann Anselm G , Rejdak Robert 
Published: November 2014

AbstractPurposeTo test the hypothesis whether semi‐automated kinetic perimetry (SKP) provides additional information to static automated perimetry (SAP) in the assessment of the remaining visual field in end‐stage glaucoma, as defined by disc appearance (cup‐to‐disc ratio worse than 0.9) and SAP criteria (MD worse than 20 dB).MethodsFifty eyes of 44 patients presenting with end‐stage glaucoma were examined first with SAP within the central 30° using stimulus size III, followed by SKP within 90° using test targets III4e and V4e.ResultsOverall, SKP provided additional information over SAP in more than half (54%) of the cases. In 16 instances (32%), SKP revealed visual field island beyond 30° that was undetected by SAP. In eight cases (16%), SKP showed both a central island and peripheral island of visual field. In three cases (6%) altitudinal scotomatous loss was found using SKP, but not in SAP. In 23 cases (46%) the central visual field island was defined both with SAP and SKP. The mean examination duration was 4 min for SAP and 9 min for SKP.ConclusionsIn clinical practice, SKP with III4e and V4e test targets provides more information than 30° SAP regarding the remaining peripheral VF in patients with end‐stage glaucoma; however, a longer test time is required for SKP.
Evaluation of the relative roles of global versus local sedimentary controls on Middle to Late Pleistocene formation of continental margin strata, Canterbury Basin, New Zealand
Authors: Villaseñor Tania , Jaeger John M. , Marsaglia Kathleen M. , Browne Greg H. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractDetermining the relative influence of eustasy versus local sedimentary processes on strata formation is a fundamental challenge in the study of continental margin stratigraphy. In this paper, the relative contribution of these factors on continental margin evolution during the Middle to Late Pleistocene is evaluated using samples from Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 317. Core‐logging, biostratigraphy and quantitative X‐ray diffraction mineralogy are used to delineate continental shelf sedimentary systems. Major lithological unconformities bound stratigraphic sequences that contain recurring compositional patterns and that resemble other examples of Middle to Upper Pleistocene sequences. However, a preliminary chronology suggests that sequence boundary formation cannot be linked ‘one to one’ with eustatic cycles and therefore these sequences can contain multiple ca 100 ka eustatic cycles. Smaller amplitude, higher frequency transitions in sediment composition are interpreted as stratigraphic sequences driven by more rapid perturbations in the interplay of accommodation and sediment supply; their stratigraphy is variable in time and across the shelf, suggesting a strong influence of local sedimentary forcing in their formation. Changes in sediment composition after the Middle Pleistocene Transition indicate that sediment transfer from onshore sources in the glaciated Southern Alps to the middle‐shelf occurred over a single 100 ka glacio‐eustatic cycle, with an additional 100 ka lag before the mineralogical signal was preserved on the outer‐shelf. This phenomenon is coincident with rapid shelf progradation in this basin, suggesting a causal relation between across‐shelf sediment transport and margin progradation. This is one of very few studies that provide insights at the core scale into the processes driving continental margin evolution during the Middle to Late Pleistocene. This work shows that compositional changes in mud‐dominated successions can lead to a sequence stratigraphic interpretation and the identification of high‐frequency sequences, which may not be possible using a conventional stratigraphic approach.
Platelet Factor 4 Limits Th17 Differentiation and Ischaemia–Reperfusion Injury After Liver Transplantation in Mice
Authors: Guo H. , Wang Y. , Zhao Z. , Shao X. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractLiver ischaemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is a serious pathologic process encountered in a number of clinical syndromes including liver transplantation, liver resection, trauma and haemorrhagic shock. Platelet factor 4 (PF4) was the first discovered CXC chemokine and is found in platelet granules at very high concentration. In this study, we provide strong evidence that PF4 is involved directly in liver innate immune response against IRI by regulating Th17 differentiation. PF4 deficiency aggravates liver IRI, as shown by higher serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and Suzuki scores. PF4 deficiency promotes Th17 response with higher levels of IL‐23, IL‐6 and IL‐17, which aggravates liver IRI. Furthermore, PF4 deficiency limits suppressor of cytokine signalling 3 (SOCS3) expressions, and PF4 fails to suppress expression of IL‐17 in cells transfected with SOCS3 SiRNA. In conclusion, PF4 limits liver IRI through IL‐17 inhibition via upregulation of SOCS3.