bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electroencephalogram monitoring during ketamine antidepressant treatment: a pilot study
Authors: Fabus M. S. , Casey D. , Warnaby K. , Woolrich M. , McShane R. 
Published: August 2024

Introduction
Depression is a major cause of disability world-wide. Up to a third of patients have a treatment-resistant form (TRD), presenting a major challenge. Ketamine has been introduced as a novel rapid-acting antidepressant effective in this population. However, at present, ketamine treatment is not routinely informed by any objective neural markers. Basic research has shown promising electroencephalogram (EEG) changes including a decrease in alpha power. However, clinical translation is lacking.ObjectivesAssess the feasibility of identifying EEG correlates of ketamine infusions in a routine outpatient setting with a low-cost, easily usable system.MethodsThe study was carried out at the Oxford Health Foundation Trust Ketamine Clinic (ethics reference 22/EM/0226). N=18 EEG recordings from N=12 patients were collected (5 women, mean age 44, range 33-62, IV dose 0.5-1mg/kg over 40min). 4-channel EEG was collected with a Muse-S headband at 256Hz, from 5min before to 55min after infusion start. 5s epochs were rejected if gyroscope data indicated head movement above 10 deg/s or if amplitude was above 200μV. A spectrogram (4s window, 3s overlap) as well as band-limited power (theta: 4-8Hz, alpha: 8-13Hz, beta: 13-25Hz) were computed. Significance of changes was found with a repeated measures analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA) on power in 5min segments together with post-hoc Tukey’s P-values.ResultsAcross the ketamine infusion recordings, there was a significant effect of time (F=3.65, P=0.0105) and Channel*Time interaction (F=3.80, P<0.001) on the EEG spectrum. Effects were largest on temporal electrodes, particularly TP9 in the alpha and theta bands (Figure 1, Table 1).Table 1:Effect sizes (Cohen’s d) and FDR-corrected ANOVA P-values for ketamine effects on each EEG channel and frequency band. P<0.05 was considered significant (bold). n.s. = not significant (P>0.2).
Channel / Band
TP9AF7AF8TP10Theta1.16 (P=0.019)0.11 (n.s.)0.11 (n.s.)0.42 (P=0.113)Alpha1.41 (P<0.001)0.12 (n.s.)0.17 (n.s.)0.605 (P=0.113)Beta1.19 (P=0.112)0.03 (n.s.)0.08 (n.s.)0.21 (n.s.)Image:ConclusionsIn a routine outpatient setting, sub-anaesthetic ketamine infusions in TRD patients were associated with decreased fronto-temporal EEG alpha and theta power. Future work should assess the potential of low-cost routine EEG, and alpha desaturation specifically, to inform individualised ketamine treatment.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Concurrent mood pathology in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A case report.
Authors: Díaz Mayoral C. , Martín de Argila Lorente M. , Arroyo Sánchez E. , Setién Preciados P. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionMood disorders in patients with ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorder) have a significant impact on their well-being. Major depression and bipolar disorder are among the most common co-occurring psychiatric diagnoses in autism. Prevalence estimates range from 10-50% for depression and approximately 5% for bipolar disorder. These figures are markedly higher than those reported in the general population.
The diagnosis of these disorders in patients with autism poses several challenges: mood problems may be “overshadowed” by the diagnosis itself, symptoms vary between individuals and may present “atypically” (psychomotor agitation, regression, reduced self-care, and severe irritability). The use of assessment tools based largely on criteria developed and validated in the general population is common.ObjectivesA case of a patient diagnosed with ASD and co-occurring mood disorder is presented followed by a theoretical review on the topic.MethodsA case is presented with a bibliographic review.Results
A 20-year-old patient with a diagnosis of severe autism spectrum disorder was referred to the emergency department for behavioral disturbances based on episodes of heteroaggressiveness and self-aggressiveness, with a daily frequency, in the last 2 months. His parents attribute this decompensation to the introduction of Sertraline and changes in his routine, which has implied less stimulation. Having ruled out underlying organic pathology, given that her father refers to frequent episodes of crying and abandonment of leisure activities of his liking, we suspect a mood disorder.
In hospitalization, Sertraline was withdrawn and Valproic Acid was introduced. Likewise, Risperidone dose was increased, already prescribed in outpatient care. Progressively, a notable improvement was observed.ConclusionsCurrent clinical recommendations on the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for mood problems are largely based on evidence from typically developing groups. However, it has been shown that some individuals with autism show different neural responses to pharmacological challenge compared to neurotypical individuals. In addition, the use of SSRIs in ASD may result in increased adverse side effects, such as agitation, impulsivity, hyperactivity, stereotypy, and insomnia, and it has been suggested that they should therefore only be considered on a “case-by-case” basis. A systematic review reported that mood stabilizers (Lithium, Valproic Acid) are preferable to atypical antipsychotics, which are associated with a large number of side effects.Because of the lack of strong evidence on the efficacy of pharmacologic interventions and issues regarding safety and side effects, risperidone and aripiprazole are among the few medications approved by the FDA for the treatment of irritability in people with autism. More research aimed at effective medications to treat mood problems in ASD needs to be advocated.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
The relationship between depression and overall, general psychopathology, positive, and negative symptoms in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Bartoli F. , Calabrese A. , Moretti F. , Castiglioni M. , Prestifilippo L. , De Pietra A. , Gazzola M. , Camera P. , Crocamo C. , Carrà G. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionDepressive symptoms are a common occurrence in people suffering from schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs), representing a separate domain that interacts in peculiar ways with positive and negative symptoms. Nonetheless, available evidence on the relationship between depression and key clinical dimensions of SSDs is limited.ObjectivesTo increase the knowledge regarding depression in SSDs, we performed a cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association of depressive symptoms with overall, general psychopathology, positive, and negative symptoms in individuals with SSDs.MethodsAdult people with SSDs were recruited from two psychiatric inpatient units in the northern area of the Metropolitan City of Milan from May 2020 to March 2023. Study participants with a Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia score >6 were rated as depressed. Symptom severity was assessed by using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Variables associated with depression at the univariate level were included into two multiple logistic regression models to analyse the association between depression and PANSS overall score as well as General Psychopathology, Positive, and Negative sub-scores.ResultsA total of 231 subjects with SSDs were included. Among them, approximately one third (N=78; 33.8%) reported depressive symptoms. Multiple logistic regression models suggested that depression in individiuals with SSDs was associated with higher overall (p<0.001) and General Psychopathology (p<0.001) PANSS scores. Conversely, an inverse relationship between depression and positive symptoms was found (p=0.002). Negative symptoms were not associated with depression (p=0.210).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that people affected by comorbid SSDs and depression have more severe overall and General Psychopathology symptoms according to PANSS scores, as well as lower levels of positive symptoms. Further investigations are needed to evaluate the generalisability of these findings and to improve the clinical management of people with SSDs and depression.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Childhood trauma as a predictor of social cognition disturbances across psychosis spectrum: Data from the PREGAP Study
Authors: Aymerich C. , Catalan A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionChildhood trauma is a severe form of stress that has been strongly related to both the appearance of a psychotic disorder and the existance of social cognition disturbances. We hereby hypothesize childhood trauma might be a transdiagnostic marker of social cognition disturbances across the psychosis spectrum, regardless of the main diagnosis.ObjectivesTo investigate the effect of different forms of childhood trauma in social cognition impairments in first-episode psychosis, at-risk mental states for psychosis and healthy controls.Methods
Using cross-sectional data, we will examine the relationship between different kinds of chidlhood trauma (measured with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, CTQ) and several social cognition domains, including facial emotion recognition, theory of mind (assessed using the Movie Assessment for Social Cognition, MASC, The Hinting Task, and the Faux-Pas Questionnaire). Intra and inter-group differences be studied for three study groups, including patients with first-episode psychosis (n=60), subjects with at-risk mental states for psychosis (n=60), and healthy controls (n=60).Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Combating Gaming Disorder in 2024: A Survival Manual
Authors: Ribeiro D. M. , Teixeira D. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionGaming Disorder (GD) has not been officially recognized as a diagnostic entity in the DSM-5, being listed in the “conditions for further study” section. However, it is described in the ICD-11, and clinically, it is observed that an increasing number of individuals, particularly the younger population with easier access to technology, are affected by this issue. Nefarious consequences include loss of performance at school/work and a potential for failing other responsibilities such as in the familiar and social spheres.ObjectivesDespite its harm, psychiatrists are generally less familiar with this entity when compared to other psychiatric disorders. Thus, our main goal was to establish a comprehensive and hollistic review of its approach.MethodsA bibliographical research on the topic was conducted from the available scientific literature on the topic, with the utmost priorization of evidence-based sources.ResultsThe overall prevalence of Gaming Disorder is challenging to assess precisely, but it is estimated to be around 3%, making it comparable to obsessive-compulsive disorder and some substance use disorders. It is more common than pathological gambling. Clinically, GD is characterized by an excessive preoccupation with gaming that supersedes all aspects of life. It may also involve a compulsion to play and the presence of withdrawal symptoms from periods when there are no gaming activities. The behavior is driven by the ACE triad (anonymity, convenience, and escape). Often, individuals with GD do not seek treatment. Although there are no specific pharmacological agents, antidepressants, mood stabilizers, and naltrexone have shown some success. In psychotherapies, cognitive-behavioral therapy has the strongest evidence.Conclusions
There is a limited amount of information on GD, and when researching the topic, one primarily encounters information on other substance-related addictive disorders and, in the case of behavioral disorders, gambling. However, as young people are increasingly exposed to screens and video games with potential harmful effects on their development, and in adults, inhibiting them from taking on work and family responsibilities, it is essential to conduct more studies on the subject to prevent these deleterious consequences.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Orthorexia Nervosa and exercise addiction in a sample of Tunisian athlete students
Authors: Smaoui N. , Bouattour O. , Feki R. , Gassara I. , Omri S. , Maalej M. , Zouari L. , Maalej M. , Ben Thabet J. , Charfi N. 
Published: August 2024

Introduction
Orthorexia and exercise addiction can lead to serious health problems, such as malnutrition and exercise-related injuries.ObjectivesThe aims of our study were to assess the prevalence of exercise addiction and orthorexia nervosa in Tunisian students at the Institute of Physical Education in order to investigate the relationship between these different health dimensions.MethodsAn anonymous self-administered questionnaire was distributed to students in the Sfax and Gafsa sports sections during March 2023. The orthorexic tendency was assessed using the ORTO-15 questionnaire. An ORTO-15 score below 40 points indicates orthorexic tendencies. The Exercise Addiction Inventory (EAI) was used to study exercise addictionResultsIn our study, 240 students were included. Mean scores on the ORTO-15 and EAI scales were 38.6 ± 8 and 16.6 ± 4.1 respectively. Participants at risk of exercise addiction had a statistically significant tendency towards orthorexia (p<0.001). Among the students, 82.5% had engaged in regular physical activity at a gym in the last two years. The reasons given by students for going to the gym were muscle strengthening (57.9%) and preparation for a sporting competition (37%).Among students taking part in sports activities at the gym, the mean ORTHO-15 score was significantly lower among those doing so to prepare for a sports competition (p=0.005). Participants who believed that they were addicted to sport had a statistically greater tendency towards orthorexia (p=0.012).ConclusionsOur study revealed an association between addictive exercise and orthorexic eating in Tunisian athlete students.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Technological Addictions: The New Frontier in Addiction Psychiatry
Authors: Levounis P. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionAddiction to video games, cybersex, internet gambling, social media, texting and emailing, and online auctions can be as addictive as substances. These technological addictions have real-world ramifications and lead to the loss of jobs, money, and loved ones. As technology becomes integrated into many facets of modern life, the appreciation of such addictions has become increasingly challenging. This session will explore the addictive potential of technology and discuss the legitimacy of technological addictions as psychiatric conditions worthy of medical assessment, diagnosis, and treatment.Objectives1.List five forms of Technological Addictions as they appear in the scientific literature of 2023.2.Describe the psychology and culture surrounding Internet Gaming addiction.3.Distinguish between normal use and addiction.MethodsLecture and discussionResults1.Research on the phenomenology and nosology of these illnesses helps us further elucidate the distinction between problematic and nonproblematic use of technology, especially in children and young adults.2.Another area of new research involves emerging technologies. By the time clinicians get a firmer grasp of today’s ailments, the technology of tomorrow—such as virtual reality and smart devices powered by artificial intelligence—will be commonplace enough to bring about a host of new problems.ConclusionsThough data on the prevalence of technological addictions are sparse, most people use computers, tablets, and smartphones regularly with great benefits and no serious adverse consequences. We will need to be ready to guide our patients, our colleagues, and the general public on how to best handle technology with an eye on maximizing its enormous potential for fulfillment, gratification, and happiness while minimizing its significant risks for dissatisfaction, misery, and despair.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Socio-demographic and clinical profile of opoid users
Authors: Bencharfa Z. , Zahir R. , El Hamoumi I. , El Omari F. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionOpioid use disorder is a pattern of problematic opioid use, leading to impaired functioning or clinically significant suffering. Morocco, a pioneer in the Arab world in the field of opiate substitution, is no exception to this rule, and has found itself confronted with a situation where opiate use is much more widespread in the north of the country. Morocco’s geographical proximity to Europe and the multiple interactions fostered by migratory population flows undoubtedly contribute not only to the spread of hard drug use, particularly heroin, but also to the diversification of consumption methods (injection drugs)Objectives
The main objective of our work was to study socio-demographic and clinical profile of opoid users in morocco, but also their quality of life after treatment in Morocco, before concluding with recommendations for improving the overall management of the patient.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional, analytical study in the Addictology Department at Ar-razi Hospital in Salé, which provides oral methadone substitution therapy for around 80 patients.ResultsThe total number of patients responding to the questionnaire was 60 participants.The population of methadone-treated patients in our study was 83.33% (n = 50) male and 16.67% female (n = 10).The most common age group in our study was between 31 and 45 (71.67%). 36.67% were married (n=22), 80% (n=48) lived with their family, 83.34% (n=50) had a secondary school education or higher, while the vast majority 63.33% (n=38) had no fixed occupation.96.7% (n=58) of participants were of Moroccan nationality, against only 3.3% who were foreigners (n=2).The main indication for methadone withdrawal in our patients was heroin use (66.67%), followed by Codeine, then Tramadol. The daily doses of methadone delivered ranged from 04 to 200 mg/patient, with an average of 75 mg.The main adverse effects reported by our patients were libido disturbance, constipation, fatigue and sleep disturbance.63.33% (n=38) of patients continued to use other psychoactive substances on a regular basis, mainly tobacco, followed by cannabis.13.33% (n=8) reported persistent craving, and the vast majority claimed to be supported by a family member (70%, n=40).ConclusionsFor several years, quality of life has been a major preoccupation of healthcare professionals in a bio-psycho-social approach. In this vision of care, quality of life should now be part of the clinical criteria for monitoring patients on methadone.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Clinical Characteristics and Aggression in Unipolar and Bipolar Course of Affective Disorders
Authors: Smirnova L. , Roshchina O. , Seregin A. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionThe diagnosis and treatment of depression are complex due to its diverse forms. Recent focus in clinical practice has been on identifying markers for mono- and bipolar depression, as early diagnosis significantly impacts treatment.ObjectivesTo identify clinical characteristics of unipolar and bipolar depressive disorders and assess their correlation with aggression levels in patients.MethodsWe studied patients at the Mental Health Research Institute of Tomsk NRMC: ICD-10 codes: Bipolar Affective Disorder (BD) (n=28), Recurrent Depressive Disorder (RDD) (n=33). Patients with BD were older (49 (33; 52) years) than those RDD (40 (31; 51) years) (p=0.018). The current depressive episode duration was shorter for BD (3 (2; 7) months) compared to RDD (5 (2; 12) months) (p=0.018). Gender distribution was comparable (p=0.568). We measured clinical symptoms (depression, anxiety, anhedonia) using psychometric tools (HAM-D, HAM-A, SHAPS) at admission and after 3 weeks of therapy. Aggression was assessed with the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory (BDHI) at admission.ResultsPatients with RDD demonstrated a higher severity of depressive symptoms upon admission (Table 1).
Table 1.Clinical Characteristics of Unipolar and Bipolar Depression Course
Severity of Symptoms
Bipolar Depression
Unipolar Depression

р (U-test)HAM-D on admission19 (15.5; 24)22 (18; 26)0.044HAM-D after 3 weeks4 (2; 6)4 (3; 7.75)0.219HAM-A on admission16 (12; 25)19.5 (13; 26.75)0.098HAM-A after 3 weeks3 (2; 6.5)4 (3; 7.75)0.219SHAPS on admission5 (1.25; 9)3 (0; 10)0.7SHAPS after 3 weeks1 (0; 4)1 (0; 3)0.44The severity of some aggressive patterns was higher in patients with bipolar disorder (Table 2).
Table 2.The severity of aggressiveness in unipolar and bipolar depression.

BDHI subscale
Bipolar Depression
Unipolar Depression

р (U-test)Aggressiveness index19 (13; 24)18.5 (12; 24)0.745Hostility index9 (7; 13.75)9 (7; 11)0.139Assault Hostility4 (2; 6)4 (2; 6)0.618Indirect Hostility5 (5; 6)4 (4; 6)0.015Irritability6 (4; 8)5 (3; 7)0.081Negativism2 (1; 4)2 (1; 4)0.262Resentment5 (4; 6)5 (3; 6)0.113Verbal Hostility7 (6; 8)6 (5; 8)0.008As a result of the study, no statistically significant correlations were found (p>0.05, Spearman’s test).ConclusionsThe conducted research did not yield convincing data that would allow us to make judgments about specific clinical patterns in the course of unipolar and bipolar depression. Thus, the problem of searching for unique biological markers of the courses of affective disorders remains relevant. Support by the Russian Science Foundation grant No. 23-75-00023.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Carbamazepine-induced toxidermia: Case report and a literature review
Authors: Jbir R. , maalej M. , Omri S. , Charfi N. , Feki R. , Gassara I. , Smaoui N. , Zouari L. , Ben Thabet J. , Maalej M. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionCarbamazepine is effectively used in treatment of bipolar disorder for its thymoregulatory virtues, but it can induce numerous side effects, including skin eruptions that can be severe sometimes.ObjectivesTo study the relationship between toxidermia and treatment with carbamazepine.MethodsWe report the case of a patient who developed a toxidermia following the intake of carbamazepine.ResultsMr. AD, 19 years old, with medical history of diabetes, has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder since the age of 17. He was initially treated with risperidone with an irregular follow-up.He was hospitalized in our department for a manic episode with psychotic features with agitation and refusal of treatment.The patient was put on injectable treatment 15 mg/day of Haloperidol and 20 mg/day of diazepam.After 5 days in hospital, we switched to the oral route, gradually increasing haloperidol doses to 30mg, reducing diazepam doses and introducing carbamazepine for thymoregulatory purposes.Carbamazepine was progressively increased up to a dose of 800mg per day.Fourteen days after the introduction of carbamazepine, the patient presented a generalized rash requiring the discontinuation of this medication. He was treated with an anti-histamine and local corticosteroids, on the advice of dermatologists.In the days following discontinuation of carbamazepine, skin lesions regress and then disappear.Biologically, we observed a rise in eosinophilic polynuclear cells to 580, followed by a gradual decrease after stopping the treatment.A pharmacovigilance opinion was sought, concluding that carbamazepine was responsible for the toxidermia, given the delay in onset and the favorable evolution after discontinuation of the incriminating treatment. Moreover, this undesirable effect is well described in the literature.Hence the contraindication to further use of carbamazepine in Mr. AD.In addition, the patient was put on sodium valproate with good tolerance.ConclusionsEach prescribed drug must be considered as potentially capable of causing cutaneous reactions as an adverse effect. Both the prescriber and the patient must be made aware of this phenomenon. The attitude can be modulated on a case-by-case basis, after specialist advice, depending on the severity of the rash and the disease to be treated.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared