bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of causal ambiguity and difficulty of knowledge transfer within the firm
Authors: Uygur Ugur 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe knowledge-based view of the firm portrays knowledge assets as the basis of sustainable competitive advantage. However, leveraging the knowledge available to the firm is not straightforward. The transfer of best practices within the firm or the replication of a certain routine poses challenges for managers. Causal ambiguity of knowledge makes it difficult to transfer practices into other contexts within the firm. In this paper, a new framework is proposed that identifies four antecedents to causal ambiguity: complexity, tacitness, relevance to the existing knowledge base, and the locality of knowledge. The paper concludes with the implications of the framework.
Teaching leadership from a social constructionist perspective
Authors: Billsberry Jon 
Published: June 2014

AbstractTraditional approaches to leadership assert that leadership is a definite quality of leaders. In contrast, the social constructionist approach conceptualises leadership as a quality of observers. The goal of this paper is to show how this philosophical base can be used to create a teaching strategy for leadership. In this strategy, there are three learning objectives: understanding the philosophical approach; revealing students’ lay theories of leadership; and, skill development. The lessons revolve around understanding how leadership perceptions form so that students appreciate how they are influenced and, in turn, how they might influence other people's perceptions of themselves.
Developments in Lichen Community Studies
Authors: Nimis P. L. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAfter a brief historical survey of the developments of vegetation science in general, and of lichen community studies in particular, this paper presents critical comments on some of the main methodological problems in the study of lichen vegetation, with particular regard to the phytosociological approach. It is suggested that in the description and classification of lichen communities lichenologists should avoid the inflation of community names that characterize the present state of the phytosociology of phanerogamic vegetation. This can be accomplished on the basis of a sound methodological approach, where the use of numerical methods can play a major role.
Continuous in Situ Recording of the Photosynthetic Activity of Antarctic Lichens—established Methods and a New Approach
Authors: Schroeter B. , Kappen L. , Moldaenke C. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA new method is described that records the periods of photosynthetic and respiratory activity in lichen thalli in situ by measuring the actinic chlorophyll fluorescence response of the photobiont. The technique is based on a pulse amplitude modulation fluorometer that was specially developed for continuous and unattended measurements in the Antarctic. In Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, the periods of metabolic activity of Usnea antarctica were recorded simultaneously with the microclimatic parameter in its natural environment. In one series of diurnal measurements the fluorescence response signal was treated as a qualitative on/off signal for photosynthetic activity. In a parallel series the diurnal courses of net photosynthesis and dark respiration of rain-moistened thalli of U. antarctica were measured by means of a CO2/H2O porometer together with gravimetric water content determination. Both methods showed marked coincidence from low water content to water saturation of the thalli. In the laboratory both the actinic fluorescence response and the photosynthetic rate as a function of thallus water content were investigated in Caloplaca regalis. In the laboratory experiments the CO2 exchange cuvette contained a balance for gravimetric water content control as well as the glass-fibre optics of the fluorescence analysis equipment. The experiments revealed a quantitative relationship between actinic fluorescence and photosynthetic rate within the range of optimum to limiting low thallus water content. The method described is suitable for measurements of lichen activity in field microclimate studies and should allow continuous unattended year-round measurements of lichen activity, which are needed in remote regions such as Antarctica.
Perma: Scoping and Addressing the Problem of Link and Reference Rot in Legal Citations
Authors: Zittrain Jonathan , Albert Kendra , Lessig Lawrence 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIt has become increasingly common for a reader to follow a URL cited in a court opinion or a law review article, only to be met with an error message because the resource has been moved from its original online address. This form of reference rot, commonly referred to as ‘linkrot’, has arisen from the disconnect between the transience of online materials and the permanence of legal citation, and will only become more prevalent as scholarly materials move online. The present paper*, written by Jonathan Zittrain, Kendra Albert and Lawrence Lessig, explores the pervasiveness of linkrot in academic and legal citations, finding that more than 70% of the URLs within the Harvard Law Review and other journals, and 50% of the URLs within United States Supreme Court opinions, do not link to the originally cited information. In light of these results, a solution is proposed for authors and editors of new scholarship that involves libraries undertaking the distributed, long-term preservation of link contents.
German Law and Legal Information from a Law Firm Perspective
Authors: Sannino Margarethe 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn this article Margarethe Sannino shares some information on how legal research works in an international law firm with several offices. The focus is on German law and legal materials. A short introduction to German law is followed by an outline of German research resources in general and then, further on, there are two parts describing specific approaches to research from Margarethe's daily work; research on company/corporate law requests as well as research on legislative acts.
Information Logistics @ Bucerius Law School (Hamburg): Legal Information for Studies, Research, Teaching and Education
Authors: Vorberg Martin 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe aim of this article, written by Martin Vorberg, is to portray the approach to information logistics at a private law school in Hamburg, Germany which is a largely self-sufficient, coordinated library system, with occasional use of local libraries and supra-regional delivery services. The article describes the management of a main library and more than twenty branch libraries in the context of some challenging times and in relation to hybrid collections and the uses of electronic media.
The prevalence of COPD co-morbidities in Serbia: results of a national survey
Authors: Nagorni-Obradovic Ljudmila M , Vukovic Dejana S 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Background:
Research studies have found different prevalence rates for co-morbidities in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Aims:
The aim of our study was to investigate the prevalence of co-morbidities as well as functional limitations in subjects with COPD.

Methods:
The study was based on a nationally representative sample of the population of Serbia. Information on the health of the population was obtained from interviews and anthropometric measurements. In this study we analysed a total of 10,013 respondents aged 40 years or older. There were 653 subjects with COPD and 9,360 respondents without COPD.

Results:
Out of the 10,013 respondents, 5,377 were aged 40–59 years and 4,636 were 60 years or older. The prevalence of COPD was 5.0% in respondents aged 40–59 years and 8.3% in those aged 60 years or older; the total prevalence was 6.5%. The most prevalent co-morbidities among respondents with COPD were hypertension (54.5%) and dyslipidaemia (26.5%). The prevalence of all analysed co-morbidities was higher in respondents with COPD and the difference was highly statistically significant, except for stroke and malignancies, for which the difference was significant. Analysis showed that respondents with COPD had a higher prevalence of all analysed clinical factors (dizziness, obesity, anaemia and frailty) and functional impairments (mobility and hearing and visual impairment) compared with respondents without COPD. For those aged 40–59 years the difference was highest for mobility difficulty (four times higher prevalence in COPD patients) and anaemia (three times higher in COPD patients).

Conclusion:
Our analysis showed that the most prevalent co-morbidities in COPD were hypertension, dyslipidaemia, chronic renal disease and anxiety/depression. The finding suggests that health professionals should actively assess co-morbidities in patients with COPD.
Competition and cooperation between active intra-network and passive extra-network transport processes
Authors: Maruyama Dan , Zochowski Michal 
Published: June 2014

AbstractMany networks are embedded in physical space and often interact with it. This interaction can be exemplified through constraints exerted on network topology, or through interactions of processes defined on a network with those that are linked to the space that the network is embedded within, leading to complex dynamics. Here we discuss an example of such an interaction in which a signaling agent is actively transported through the network edges and, at the same time, spreads passively through space due to diffusion. We show that these two processes cooperate or compete depending on the network topology leading to complex dynamics.
Metallic short backfire antenna with halved size and wideband characteristics
Authors: Liu Longsheng , Wang Han , Li Yue , Zhang Zhijun , Feng Zhenghe 
Published: June 2014

A short backfire antenna is proposed for 5.2/5.8 GHz wireless local area network (WLAN) applications. Wideband impedance matching is achieved by employing a truncated monopole as the exciter. Moreover, power‐handling capability could be enhanced by the all‐metallic configuration. The proposed antenna with halved size has two configurations when placed on a ground plane to meet the demands for different applications.
Management of the Temporomandibular Joint after Ablative Surgery
Authors: Bredell Marius , Grätz Klaus , Obwegeser Joachim , Gujer AstridKruse 
Published: June 2014

Management of the temporomandibular joint in ablative head and neck surgery is controversial with no standardized approach. The aim of the study was to establish risk-based guidelines for the management of the temporomandibular joint after ablative surgery. Analysis of all patients’ records receiving ablative surgery involving the temporomandibular joint in the Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University Hospital of Zϼrich, from 2001 to 2012, was performed, identifying 15 patients and 14 reconstructive procedures. A literature search was done identifying all relevant literature on current approaches. Applicable cohorts were constructed, and relevant risks were extrapolated. Evaluated studies are not uniform in their reporting with nonhomogeneous patient groups. A diverse approach is used in the management of these patients with complications such as infection, ankylosis, limited mouth opening, plate penetration in the skull base, and plate loosening. Risk factors for complications appear to be radiation, costochondral graft, disk loss, and plate use alone. Clinical data suggest use of a plate with metal condyle reconstructions and previous radiation therapy as potential risks factors. Employing literature evidence and cumulated clinical data, a risk-based flowchart was developed to assist surgical decision making. Risk factors such as radiation, disk preservation, and soft tissue conditions are important complication-associated factors when planning surgery. Free vascularized fibula grafts appear to have the least complications that must be weighed against donor site morbidity.
Structure of an antibacterial peptide ATP-binding cassette transporter in a novel outward occluded state
Authors: Choudhury Hassanul G. , Tong Zhen , Mathavan Indran , Li Yanyan , Iwata So , Zirah Séverine , Rebuffat Sylvie , van Veen Hendrik W. , Beis Konstantinos 
Published: June 2014

Significance
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) exporters transport substrates by an alternating access mechanism that is driven by ATP binding and hydrolysis. The general mechanism is a motion from an inward to an outward state, with a different intertwining of the half-transporters in both states. In this study we determined the function and crystal structure of the ABC exporter McjD that exports the antibacterial peptide microcin J25. Our structure represents a novel nucleotide-bound, outward-occluded state. It does not possess subunit intertwining and shows a well-defined binding cavity that is closed to all sides, consistent with it being an intermediate between the inward- and outward-facing state. Our structure provides valuable insights in a transition state of an ABC exporter.
Population structure of the European anchovy, Engraulis encrasicolus, in the SW Mediterranean Sea, and the Atlantic Ocean: evidence from otolith shape analysis
Authors: Bacha Mahmoud , Jemaa Sherif , Hamitouche Azzedine , Rabhi Khalef , Amara Rachid 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Understanding the influence of oceanographic features on the structure of fish population is of basic importance to population dynamics studies and fisheries management. The European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) exhibits a complex population structure which has produced conflicting results in previous genetic studies. This study examines the variability in the shape of the anchovy's otolith as a tool for identifying different stocks, and investigates the effects of oceanographic features on population structure. Anchovies were analysed from seven locations in the SW Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean along the northwestern African (Morocco) and Portuguese (Bay of Cadiz) coasts. A combination of otolith shape indices and elliptic Fourier descriptors were investigated by multivariate statistical procedures. Within the studied area, three distinct anchovy stocks were identified: the Algero-Provençal Basin, the southern Alboran Sea, and the Atlantic Ocean (Morocco and Gulf of Cadiz). The separation of the stocks was based on non-parametric discriminant analysis returning a classification percentage. Over 81% of the separation of the stocks could be explained by oceanographic features. Shape variability of anchovy otoliths was associated with the presence of the Almeria-Oran front, and the strait of Gibraltar. The Alboran stock was distinct from the Algero-Provençal Basin and from the closest Atlantic stocks (Gulf of Cadiz or Atlantic coast of Morocco). Results are discussed and compared with those previously obtained by genetic studies. This study supports the efficiency of otolith shape analysis for the stock identification of anchovy, and highlights the role of oceanographic features in stock separation.
Development of the large fish indicator and associated target for a Northeast Atlantic fish community
Authors: Modica Larissa , Velasco Francisco , Preciado Izaskun , Soto Maria , Greenstreet Simon P. R. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe large fish indicator (LFI) was developed to support the North Sea fish community Ecological Quality Objective (EcoQO) pilot study, intended to establish an operational ecosystem approach to management. Subsequently, procedures established in the North Sea were applied to the Celtic Sea to derive an LFI and target specific to this region. The Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) requires EU Member States sharing marine regions to cooperate using the Regional Seas Conventions, and using indicators already adopted by them. The MSFD explicitly suggests the LFI as a foodweb indicator, but it could equally well be used to monitor biodiversity. Here, we apply the established rationale to develop an LFI and target specific to the southern Bay of Biscay. Despite declining in the 1990s, the LFI subsequently recovered to near original values in 2008. Previously, relationships between the LFI and fishing pressure have involved lengthy time-lags. We observe a similar relationship, but with shorter lag. The nature of the larger species responsible for much of the change in the LFI may explain this difference, and might also suggest that, in the Bay of Biscay, the LFI is more appropriately used as a biodiversity indicator, rather than a foodweb indicator.
Ultra-faint high-redshift galaxies in the Frontier Fields
Authors: Yue B. , Ferrara A. , Vanzella E. , Salvaterra R. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
By combining cosmological simulations with Frontier Field (FF) project lens models, we find that, in the most optimistic case, galaxies as faint as m ≈ 33–34 (AB magnitude at 1.6 μm) can be detected in the Frontier Fields. Such faint galaxies are hosted by dark matter haloes of mass ∼109 M⊙ and dominate the ionizing photon budget over currently observed bright galaxies, thus allowing for the first time the investigation of the dominant reionization sources. In addition, the observed number of these galaxies can be used to constrain the role of feedback in suppressing star formation in small haloes: for example, if galaxy formation is suppressed in haloes with circular velocity vc &lt; 50 km s−1, galaxies fainter than m = 31 should not be detected in the FFs.
Suzaku discovery of Fe K-shell line from the O-rich SNR G292.0+1.8
Authors: Kamitsukasa Fumiyoshi , Koyama Katsuji , Tsunemi Hiroshi , Hayashida Kiyoshi , Nakajima Hiroshi , Takahashi Hiroaki , Ueda Shutaro , Mori Koji , Katsuda Satoru , Uchida Hiroyuki 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
We report the Suzaku/XIS results of the Galactic oxygen-rich supernova remnant G292.0+1.8, a remnant of a core-collapse supernova. The X-ray spectrum of G292.0+1.8 consists of two types of plasma, one is in collisional ionization equilibrium (CIE) and the other is in non-equilibrium ionization (NEI). The CIE plasma has nearly solar abundances, and hence would be originated from the circumstellar and interstellar mediums. The NEI plasma has super-solar abundances, and the abundance pattern indicates that the plasma originates from the supernova ejecta with a main sequence of 30–35 M⊙. The iron K-shell line at an energy of 6.6 keV is detected for the first time in the NEI plasma.
Accounting for biases in riboprofiling data indicates a major role for proline and not positive amino acids in stalling translation
Authors: Artieri Carlo G. , Fraser Hunter B. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe recent advent of ribosome profiling – sequencing of short ribosome-bound fragments of mRNA – has offered an unprecedented opportunity to interrogate the sequence features responsible for modulating translational rates. Nevertheless, numerous analyses of the first riboprofiling dataset have produced equivocal and often incompatible results. Here we analyze three independent yeast riboprofiling data sets, including two with much higher coverage than previously available, and find that all three show substantial technical sequence biases that confound interpretations of ribosomal occupancy. After accounting for these biases, we find no effect of previously implicated factors on ribosomal pausing. Rather, we find that incorporation of proline, whose unique side-chain stalls peptide synthesisin vitro, also slows the ribosomein vivo. We also reanalyze a recent method that reported positively charged amino acids as the major determinant of ribosomal stalling and demonstrate that its assumptions lead to false signals of stalling in low-coverage data. Our results suggest that any analysis of riboprofiling data should account for sequencing biases and sparse coverage. To this end, we establish a robust methodology that enables analysis of ribosome profiling data without prior assumptions regarding which positions spanned by the ribosome cause stalling.
Rewiring Host Lipid Metabolism by Large Viruses Determines the Fate of Emiliania huxleyi, a Bloom-Forming Alga in the Ocean
Authors: Rosenwasser Shilo , Mausz Michaela A. , Schatz Daniella , Sheyn Uri , Malitsky Sergey , Aharoni Asaph , Weinstock Eyal , Tzfadia Oren , Ben-Dor Shifra , Feldmesser Ester , Pohnert Georg , Vardi Assaf 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Marine viruses are major ecological and evolutionary drivers of microbial food webs regulating the fate of carbon in the ocean. We combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses to explore the cellular pathways mediating the interaction between the bloom-forming coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi and its specific coccolithoviruses (E. huxleyi virus [EhV]). We show that EhV induces profound transcriptome remodeling targeted toward fatty acid synthesis to support viral assembly. A metabolic shift toward production of viral-derived sphingolipids was detected during infection and coincided with downregulation of host de novo sphingolipid genes and induction of the viral-encoded homologous pathway. The depletion of host-specific sterols during lytic infection and their detection in purified virions revealed their novel role in viral life cycle. We identify an essential function of the mevalonate-isoprenoid branch of sterol biosynthesis during infection and propose its downregulation as an antiviral mechanism. We demonstrate how viral replication depends on the hijacking of host lipid metabolism during the chemical “arms race” in the ocean.
Effects of saline‐waterlogging and dryness/moist alternations on seed germination of halophyte and xerophyte
Authors: Zhang Tao , Song Jie , Fan Jialin , Feng Gu 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn arid zones, precipitation distribution is extremely uneven, with saline‐waterlogging and dry–moist cycles appearing frequently, which negatively impact on seed germination and seedling establishment. The responses of two halophytes, Suaeda physophora and Haloxylon ammodendron, and a xerophyte, Haloxylon persicum, to saline‐waterlogging and dry–moist cycles were studied. The results showed that aeration increased seed germination for all species when seeds were submerged in NaCl, especially for xerophyte. Compared with S. physophora and H. ammodendron, seed germination, recovery germination, and total germination of H. persicum were much lower when seeds were submerged in 700 mm NaCl, especially for the recovery germination and total germination of nongerminated seeds when the seeds were desiccated and then transferred to distilled water. However, when the seeds were submerged in 700 mm NaCl with aeration, the seed germination, recovery germination, and total germination of nongerminated seeds transferred to distilled water increased dramatically for H. persicum. No adverse effect of desiccation was found on those values of nongerminated seeds pretreated in NaCl with or without aeration for the two halophytes. In conclusion, seeds of the two halophytes were more tolerant to waterlogging and dry–moist cycles than seeds of the xerophyte during emergence under saline conditions; these traits may be important for halophytes to survive extreme saline environments during the seed germination stage.