bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of catastrophizing on central motor activity
Authors: Henderson L.A. , Akhter R. , Youssef A.M. , Reeves J.M. , Peck C.C. , Murray G.M. , Svensson P. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundPain catastrophizing significantly affects an individual's experience of pain. High pain catastrophizing is associated with increased fear avoidance behaviours, pain intensity and disability. The aim of this investigation was to determine the effect of pain catastrophizing on ongoing brain activity and movement‐evoked brain activity during acute orofacial muscle pain.MethodsThirty‐four healthy, pain‐free subjects were recruited. In 17 subjects, the effect of catastrophizing on regional brain activity was determined. In 19 subjects, functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to determine the effects of pain catastrophizing on brain activation patterns during jaw movements in the presence of ongoing pain.ResultsWe found that in the presence of pain, catastrophizing was significantly correlated with activity in multi‐sensory integrative brain regions, including the dorsolateral and medial prefrontal cortices. Importantly, this relationship did not exist when subjects were not experiencing pain. In addition, during repetitive open–close jaw movements in the presence of pain, activity in the primary motor cortex, cerebellar cortex and the trigeminal motor nucleus was positively correlated with pain catastrophizing scores. In contrast, in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, as pain catastrophizing scores increased, the magnitude of signal intensity change during jaw movements decreased. Again, no such relationships occurred when the individual was not in pain.ConclusionsThese data show that during pain, catastrophic thinking has a significant impact on activity in motor and sensory integrative regions. Reducing negative coping strategies may be an effective means in reducing fear avoidance behaviours and the intensity of ongoing pain.
High Serum SHBG Predicts Incident Vertebral Fractures in Elderly Men
Authors: Vandenput Liesbeth , Mellström Dan , Kindmark Andreas , Johansson Helena , Lorentzon Mattias , Leung Jason , Redlund-Johnell Inga , Rosengren Björn E , Karlsson Magnus K , Wang Yi-Xiang , Kwok Timothy , Ohlsson Claes 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT Previous prospective cohort studies have shown that serum levels of sex steroids and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) associate with nonvertebral fracture risk in men. The predictive value of sex hormones and SHBG for vertebral fracture risk specifically is, however, less studied. Elderly men (aged ≥65 years) from Sweden and Hong Kong participating in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) study had baseline estradiol and testosterone analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and SHBG by immunoradiometric assay (IRMA). Incident clinical vertebral fractures (n = 242 cases) were evaluated in 4324 men during an average follow-up of 9.1 years. In a subsample of these men (n = 2256), spine X-rays were obtained at baseline and after an average follow-up of 4.3 years to identify incident radiographic vertebral fractures (n = 157 cases). The likelihood of incident clinical and radiographic vertebral fractures was estimated by Cox proportional hazards models and logistic regression models, respectively. Neither serum estradiol (hazard ratio [HR] per SD increase = 0.93, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.80–1.08) nor testosterone (1.05, 0.91–1.21) predicted incident clinical vertebral fractures in age-adjusted models in the combined data set. High serum SHBG, however, associated with increased clinical vertebral fracture risk (1.24, 1.12–1.37). This association remained significant after further adjustment for FRAX with or without bone mineral density (BMD). SHBG also associated with increased incident radiographic vertebral fracture risk (combined data set; odds ratio [OR] per SD increase = 1.23, 95% CI 1.05–1.44). This association remained significant after adjustment for FRAX with or without BMD. In conclusion, high SHBG predicts incident clinical and radiographic vertebral fractures in elderly men and adds moderate information beyond FRAX with BMD for vertebral fracture risk prediction. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
The Transcriptional Modulator Interferon-Related Developmental Regulator 1 in Osteoblasts Suppresses Bone Formation and Promotes Bone Resorption
Authors: Iezaki Takashi , Onishi Yuki , Ozaki Kakeru , Fukasawa Kazuya , Takahata Yoshifumi , Nakamura Yukari , Fujikawa Koichi , Takarada Takeshi , Yoneda Yukio , Yamashita Yui , Shioi Go , Hinoi Eiichi 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

Bone homeostasis is maintained by the synergistic actions of bone-resorbing osteoclasts and bone-forming osteoblasts. Although interferon-related developmental regulator 1 (Ifrd1) has been identified as a transcriptional coactivator/repressor in various cells, little attention has been paid to its role in osteoblastogenesis and bone homeostasis thus far. Here, we show that Ifrd1 is a critical mediator of both the cell-autonomous regulation of osteoblastogenesis and osteoblast-dependent regulation of osteoclastogenesis. Osteoblast-specific deletion of murine Ifrd1 increased bone formation and decreased bone resorption, causing high bone mass. Ifrd1 deficiency enhanced osteoblast differentiation and maturation along with increased expression of Runx2 and osterix (Osx). Mechanistically, Ifrd1 deficiency increased the acetylation status of p65, a component of NF-κB, at residues K122 and K123 via the attenuation of the interaction between p65 and histone deacetylase (HDAC). This led to the nuclear export of p65 and a decrease in NF-κB-dependent Smad7 expression and the subsequent enhancement of Smad1/Smad5/Smad8-dependent transcription. Moreover, a high bone mass phenotype in the osteoblast-specific deletion of Ifrd1 was markedly rescued by the introduction of one Osx-floxed allele but not of Runx2-floxed allele. Coculture experiments revealed that Ifrd1-deficient osteoblasts have a higher osteoprotegerin (OPG) expression and a lower ability to support osteoclastogenesis. Ifrd1 deficiency attenuated the interaction between β-catenin and HDAC, subsequently increasing the acetylation of β-catenin at K49, leading to its nuclear accumulation and the activation of the β-catenin-dependent transcription of OPG. Collectively, the expression of Ifrd1 in osteoblasts repressed osteoblastogenesis and activated osteoclastogenesis through modulating the NF-κB/Smad/Osx and β-catenin/OPG pathways, respectively. These findings suggest that Ifrd1 has a pivotal role in bone homeostasis through its expression in osteoblasts in vivo and represents a therapeutic target for bone diseases. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Milk Fat Globule-Epidermal Growth Factor 8 (MFG-E8) Is a Novel Anti-inflammatory Factor in Rheumatoid Arthritis in Mice and Humans
Authors: Albus Elise , Sinningen Kathrin , Winzer Maria , Thiele Sylvia , Baschant Ulrike , Hannemann Anke , Fantana Julia , Tausche Anne-Kathrin , Wallaschofski Henri , Nauck Matthias , Völzke Henry , Grossklaus Sylvia , Chavakis Triantafyllos , Udey Mark C , Hofbauer Lorenz C , Rauner Martina 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

Milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor 8 (MFG-E8) is an anti-inflammatory glycoprotein that mediates the clearance of apoptotic cells and is implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Because MFG-E8 also controls bone metabolism, we investigated its role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), focusing on inflammation and joint destruction. The regulation of MFG-E8 by inflammation was assessed in vitro using osteoblasts, in arthritic mice and in patients with RA. K/BxN serum transfer arthritis (STA) was applied to MFG-E8 knock-out mice to assess its role in the pathogenesis of arthritis. Stimulation of osteoblasts with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α downregulated the expression of MFG-E8 by 30% to 35%. MFG-E8-deficient osteoblasts responded to LPS with a stronger production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In vivo, MFG-E8 mRNA levels were 52% lower in the paws of collagen-induced arthritic (CIA) mice and 24% to 42% lower in the serum of arthritic mice using two different arthritis models (CIA and STA). Similarly, patients with RA (n = 93) had lower serum concentrations of MFG-E8 (–17%) compared with healthy controls (n = 140). In a subgroup of patients who had a moderate to high disease activity (n = 21), serum concentrations of MFG-E8 rose after complete or partial remission had been achieved (+67%). Finally, MFG-E8-deficient mice subjected to STA exhibited a stronger disease burden, an increased number of neutrophils in the joints, and a more extensive local and systemic bone loss. This was accompanied by an increased activation of osteoclasts and a suppression of osteoblast function in MFG-E8-deficient mice. Thus, MFG-E8 is a protective factor in the pathogenesis of RA and subsequent bone loss. Whether MFG-E8 qualifies as a novel biomarker or therapeutic target for the treatment of RA is worth addressing in further studies. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
The minimal important difference of the epistaxis severity score in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
Authors: Yin Linda X. , Reh Douglas D. , Hoag Jeffrey B. , Mitchell Sally E. , Mathai Stephen C. , Robinson Gina M. , Merlo Christian A. 
Published: September 2015

Objectives/HypothesisHereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a disease of abnormal angiogenesis, causing epistaxis in over 96% of patients. The Epistaxis Severity Score (ESS) was developed as a standardized measurement of nasal symptoms among HHT patients. The minimal important difference (MID) of a disease index estimates the smallest change that a patient and clinician would identify as important. This study aims to establish the MID of the ESS in a diverse population of HHT patients.Study DesignRetrospective cross‐sectional study in patients with a diagnosis of HHT using Curacao criteria or genetic testing.MethodsThe ESS questionnaire and Medical Outcomes Study 36‐Item Short Form (SF‐36) were administered to participants recruited through the HHT Foundation Web site. Demographics and relevant medical histories were collected from all participants. An anchor‐based method using a change of 5 in the Physical Component Summary (PCS) of the SF‐36 and a distributional method were used to estimate the MID.ResultsA total of 604 subjects were recruited between April and August 2008. All participants reported epistaxis. An increasing ESS in the study cohort showed a significant negative correlation to the PCS (r = −0.43, P < 0.001). The MID was determined to be 0.41 via the anchor‐based approach and 1.01 via the distribution‐based approach, giving a mean MID of 0.71.ConclusionUsing both the anchor‐based and distribution‐based approaches, the estimated MID for the ESS in HHT is 0.71. Further implications include key metrics to help guide treatment responses in clinical care and essential information to calculate power and sample size for future clinical trials.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 126:1029–1032, 2016
Decade review of mandible fractures and arch bar impact on outcomes of nonsubcondylar fractures
Authors: Kopp Robert W. , Crozier Daniel L. , Goyal Parul , Kellman Robert M. , Suryadevara Amar C. 
Published: September 2015

Objectives/HypothesisReview trends in mandible fracture management and outcomes in patients treated with and without intraoperative arch bar use.Study DesignRetrospective chart review.MethodsAll patients with mandible fractures between October 1, 2001, and October 1, 2011, were reviewed. Excluded were those with concomitant midfacial fractures or inadequate follow‐up.ResultsOverall, 734 patients sustained 1,312 mandible fractures. Assault was the most common etiology. The parasymphyseal, subcondylar, and angle regions were most likely fractured. In total, 85% of patients underwent open‐reduction internal‐fixation (ORIF). This overall number had no significant annual deviation. However, use of arch bars to achieve intraoperative maxillomandibular fixation (MMF) with ORIF decreased annually, whereas the use of manual reduction with ORIF increased annually. These trends held statistical significance. Outcomes were reviewed in patients with one or two nonsubcondylar fractures by assessing complications of malocclusion, infection, and malunion. In 228 patients meeting criteria, the incidence of complications was 12.9% in those treated using intraoperative arch bars with ORIF and 12.5% in those using manual reduction with ORIF. When assessing individual complications, there was no statistically significant difference.ConclusionOur data suggest a shifting trend in mandible fracture management. Our techniques for achieving fracture reduction ideal for ORIF favors manual reduction over the use of arch bars in select cases. We found no statistical increase in the incidence of complications when using manual reduction with ORIF in patients with one and two nonsubcondylar fractures. In appropriately selected cases, manual stabilization of fractured segments is an alternative to using arch bars to achieve intraoperative MMF.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 126:596–601, 2016
Glass ionomer application for vocal fold augmentation: Histopathological analysis on rabbit vocal fold
Authors: Demirci Sule , Tuzuner Arzu , Callıoglu Elif Ersoy , Yumusak Nihat , Arslan Necmi , Baltacı Bülent 
Published: September 2015

Objectives/HypothesisThe aim of this study was to investigate the use of glass ionomer cement (GIC) as an injection material for vocal fold augmentation and to evaluate the biocompatibility of the material.Study DesignTen adult New Zealand rabbits were used.MethodsUnder general anesthesia, 0.1‐cc GIC was injected to one vocal fold and the augmentation of vocal fold was observed. No injection was applied to the opposite side, which was accepted as the control group. The animals were sacrificed after 3 months and the laryngeal specimens were histopathologically evaluated.ResultsThe injected and the noninjected control vocal folds were analyzed. The GIC particles were observed in histological sections on the injected side, and no foreign body giant cells, granulomatous inflammation, necrosis, or marked chronic inflammation were detected around the glass ionomer particles. Mild inflammatory reactions were noticed in only two specimens. The noninjected sides of vocal folds were completely normal.ConclusionThe findings of this study suggest that GIC is biocompatible and may be further investigated as an alternative injection material for augmentation of the vocal fold. Further studies are required to examine the viscoelastic properties of GIC and the long‐term effects in experimental studies.Level of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 126:E171–E174, 2016
Soil Enzymatic Activity in Eucalyptus Grandis Plantations of Different Ages
Authors: Lino Ingrid Alexssandra Neris , dos Santos Vilma Maria , Escobar Indra Elena Costa , da Silva Danielle Karla Alves , de Araújo Ademir Sérgio Ferreira , Maia Leonor Costa 
Published: September 2015

AbstractEucalyptus plantations have become increasingly common in Latin America. However, because Eucalyptus is an exotic species, its presence has raised concerns about changes in the environment, especially to soil properties. The objective of this study was to investigate possible changes in selected soil enzyme activity after several years of Eucalyptus cultivation. Soil samples were collected from four locations: a native forest (Atlantic Forest) used as a reference for the original soil conditions and three E. grandis plantations aged 2, 3 and 5 years, established in 2008, 2007 and 2005, respectively. The native vegetation had been removed and the soil graded and ploughed to establish these plantations. We evaluated soil enzymatic activities (β‐glucosidase, acid phosphatase, dehydrogenase, urease and arylsulfatase) at each location. The activity of β‐glucosidase, phosphatase, dehydrogenase and urease was improved after 5 years, whereas arylsulphatase was impacted negatively. The multivariate analysis showed that the majority of enzyme activities reached the values observed in native forest after the third year of reforestation. The activity of β‐glucosidase was crucial in differentiating the area with 2 years of reforestation from the native forest. The removal of native vegetation in order to establish commercial plantations raises concerns about the real impacts of this practice on the soil. In the present study, plantations of Eucalyptus improved most of the selected enzyme activities after the third year of reforestation. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The composite anterolateral thigh flap for achilles tendon and soft tissue defect reconstruction with tendon repair by fascia with double or triple folding technique
Authors: Youn Seung Ki , Kim Sang Wha , Kim Youn Hwan , Hwang Kyu Tae 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundRupture of the Achilles tendon is usually managed by surgical intervention. Recurrent tendon ruptures, segmental tendon defects, and overlying soft tissue defects render reconstructive procedures challenging. In this report, we present double or triple folding technique of the anterolateral thigh (ALT) free flap, and report the clinical outcomes of the reconstruction of combined defects, including the Achilles tendon and overlying soft tissue.MethodFrom 2008 to 2013, 7 patients underwent reconstruction of combined Achilles tendon and soft tissue defects. The sizes of the soft tissue defects ranged from 9 × 5 to 12 × 5 cm2. Combined defects were reconstructed with ALT free flap including the vastus lateralis fascia and rectus femoris fascia, using a double or triple folding technique. The ALT free flap covered the soft tissue defect and the fascia was folded two or three times into a tendon‐like structure. Three patients had full‐layer defects of the Achilles tendon, and four patients had partial defects over half the layer.ResultThe dimension of the skin paddle of the ALT flap was 12 × 6 to 16 × 8 cm2, and the dimension of the fascia was 12 × 8 to 16 × 10 cm2. All the donor sites were closed primarily. All the flaps survived completely without complication. The mean follow‐up period was 14.9 months. All patients were able to stand and ambulate.ConclusionThe double or triple folding technique of the ALT free flap represents simple, economical use of tissue, with minimal donor site morbidity. Thus, this technique may be useful and versatile reconstructive option for combined defects. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 35:615–621, 2015.
Controlling the morphology of poly(3‐hexylthiophene)/methanofullerene film through a dynamic‐cooling and freeze‐drying process
Authors: Huang Ping‐Tsung , Chou Cheng‐Wei , Lin Bo‐Yu , Shi Zhong‐En , Huang Yu‐Jui , Chen Chin‐Ti , Cheng Chao‐Han , Wang Juen‐Kai 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA dynamic‐cooling and freeze‐drying (DCFD) process has been applied to the fabrication of polymer solar cells. The dynamic‐cooling process allows poly(3‐hexylthiophene) molecules to aggregate in solution into a more organized structure during the cooling process; the freeze‐drying process prevents severe agglomeration of [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) during the solvent removing process. Application of these two processes to the preparation of the poly(3‐hexylthiophene)/methanofullerene photoactive layer results in an enhanced poly(3‐hexylthiophene) aggregation and smaller PCBM agglomerates. Devices fabricated using the DCFD process generate 14% more in current density than those prepared by the spin‐coating process under AM1.5G illumination. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
The application of a new approach based on organic homo‐rank compounds and homologous compounds to the structure–property relationship study of mono‐substituted alkanes
Authors: Yuan Hua , Ou Hongli , Cao Chenzhong 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe two conceptual systems of organic homologous compounds and homo‐rank compounds give insight into the influence of structures on the properties of mono‐substituted alkanes Xi–(CH2)j–H from the transverse (change of repeating unit number j of CH2) and longitudinal (change of functional group Xi) perspectives, respectively. This paper aims to combine the organic homo‐rank compounds approach together with the homologous compounds approach to explore the property change rules of mono‐substituted alkanes involving various substituents. Firstly, based on the concept of organic homologous compounds, the properties of mono‐substituted straight‐chain alkane homologues were linearly correlated to the two‐thirds power of the number of carbon atoms (N2/3) in alkyl, and regression equations such as Q = A + BN2/3 were obtained. The regression coefficients A and B vary with different substituents Xi, so coefficients A and B were employed to characterize the structural information of substituent Xi. The structural features of alkyls (–(CH2)j–H, that is, –CjH2j+1) were described by the polarizability effect index (PEI(R)) and vertex degree–distance index (VDI). Then based on four parameters A, B, PEI(R), and VDI, quantitative structure–property relationship models were built for the boiling points (Bp) and refractive indexes (nD) of each mono‐substituted alkane homo‐rank series, where j = 3–10 and the substituents Xi involve F, Cl, Br, I, NO2, CN, NH2, COOH, CHO, OH, SH, and NC. Good results indicate that the combination of an organic homo‐rank compounds method and a homologous compounds method has exhibited obvious advantages over traditional methods in the quantitative structure–property relationship study of mono‐substituted alkanes concerning various substituents. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Controlled synthesis of amphiphilic block copolymers based on poly(isobutylene) macromonomers
Authors: Malins Edward L. , Waterson Carl , Becer C. Remzi 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThe synthesis of a monoacrylate functionalized poly(isobutylene) (PIB) macromonomer (PIBA) has been achieved by a two‐step reaction starting from a commercially available PIB. Firstly, terminal olefins (vinylidene and trisubstituted olefin) of PIB were transformed to a phenolic residue by Friedel‐Crafts alkylation followed by subsequent esterification of the phenol with acryloyl chloride, catalyzed by triethylamine. PIBA structure was confirmed by 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR and GPC before utilizing in the RAFT copolymerization with N,N‐dimethylacrylamide (DMA) to obtain statistical copolymers (P[(DMA‐co‐(PIBA)]). Monomer conversions were consistently higher than 85% for both DMA and PIBA as monomer feed composition was varied. Chain extension of poly(N,N‐dimethylacrylamide) with PIBA to synthesize block copolymers (P[(DMA‐b‐(PIBA)]) was also achieved with near quantitative monomer conversions (>97%). Block formation efficiency was not quantitative but purification of block copolymers was possible by selective precipitation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 634–643