bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Molecular Pathway for Snail-Dependent, SPARC-Mediated Invasion in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Pathogenesis
Authors: Grant Jeanette L. , Fishbein Michael C. , Hong Long-Sheng , Krysan Kostyantyn , Minna John D. , Shay Jerry W. , Walser Tonya C. , Dubinett Steven M. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Definition of the molecular pathogenesis of lung cancer allows investigators an enhanced understanding of the natural history of the disease, thus fostering development of new prevention strategies. In addition to regulating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), the transcription factor Snail exerts global effects on gene expression. Our recent studies reveal that Snail is upregulated in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), is associated with poor prognosis, and promotes tumor progression in vivo. Herein, we demonstrate that overexpression of Snail leads to the upregulation of secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) in models of premalignancy and established disease, as well as in lung carcinoma tissues in situ. Snail overexpression leads to increased SPARC-dependent invasion in vitro, indicating that SPARC may play a role in lung cancer progression. Bioinformatic analysis implicates transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, and miR-29b as potential intermediaries in Snail-mediated upregulation of SPARC. Both the TGF-β1 ligand and TGF-β receptor 2 (TGF-βR2) are upregulated following Snail overexpression. Treatment of human bronchial epithelial cell (HBEC) lines with TGF-β1 and inhibition of TGF-β1 mRNA expression modulates SPARC expression. Inhibition of MAP–ERK kinase (MEK) phosphorylation downregulates SPARC. MiR-29b is downregulated in Snail-overexpressing cell lines, whereas overexpression of miR-29b inhibits SPARC expression. In addition, miR-29b is upregulated following ERK inhibition, suggesting a Snail-dependent pathway by which Snail activation of TGF-β and ERK signaling results in downregulation of miR-29b and subsequent upregulation of SPARC. Our discovery of pathways responsible for Snail-induced SPARC expression contributes to the definition of NSCLC pathogenesis. Cancer Prev Res; 7(1); 150–60. ©2013 AACR.
Temporal and Spatial Evolution of Somatic Chromosomal Alterations: A Case-Cohort Study of Barrett's Esophagus
Authors: Li Xiaohong , Galipeau Patricia C. , Paulson Thomas G. , Sanchez Carissa A. , Arnaudo Jessica , Liu Karen , Sather Cassandra L. , Kostadinov Rumen L. , Odze Robert D. , Kuhner Mary K. , Maley Carlo C. , Self Steven G. , Vaughan Thomas L. , Blount Patricia L. , Reid Brian J. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
All cancers are believed to arise by dynamic, stochastic somatic genomic evolution with genome instability, generation of diversity, and selection of genomic alterations that underlie multistage progression to cancer. Advanced esophageal adenocarcinomas have high levels of somatic copy number alterations. Barrett's esophagus is a risk factor for developing esophageal adenocarcinoma, and somatic chromosomal alterations (SCA) are known to occur in Barrett's esophagus. The vast majority (∼95%) of individuals with Barrett's esophagus do not progress to esophageal adenocarcinoma during their lifetimes, but a small subset develop esophageal adenocarcinoma, many of which arise rapidly even in carefully monitored patients without visible endoscopic abnormalities at the index endoscopy. Using a well-designed, longitudinal case-cohort study, we characterized SCA as assessed by single-nucleotide polymorphism arrays over space and time in 79 “progressors” with Barrett's esophagus as they approach the diagnosis of cancer and 169 “nonprogressors” with Barrett's esophagus who did not progress to esophageal adenocarcinoma over more than 20,425 person-months of follow-up. The genomes of nonprogressors typically had small localized deletions involving fragile sites and 9p loss/copy neutral LOH that generate little genetic diversity and remained relatively stable over prolonged follow-up. As progressors approach the diagnosis of cancer, their genomes developed chromosome instability with initial gains and losses, genomic diversity, and selection of SCAs followed by catastrophic genome doublings. Our results support a model of differential disease dynamics in which nonprogressor genomes largely remain stable over prolonged periods, whereas progressor genomes evolve significantly increased SCA and diversity within four years of esophageal adenocarcinoma diagnosis, suggesting a window of opportunity for early detection. Cancer Prev Res; 7(1); 114–27. ©2013 AACR.
Angioplasty of Obstructed Homograft Conduits in the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract With Ultra-Noncompliant Balloons
Authors: Hainstock Michael R. , Marshall Audrey C. , Lock James E. , McElhinney Doff B. 
Published: November 2013

Background—
Angioplasty and stent placement in right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery (RV-PA) conduits have been shown to prolong the functional lifespan of a conduit. Safety and efficacy of angioplasty of obstructed RV-PA homografts using ultra-noncompliant (UNC) or ultrahigh-pressure balloons are unknown.

Methods and Results—

From 2004 to 2012, 70 patients underwent 76 procedures for angioplasty of RV-PA homografts with UNC Atlas balloons. The UNC group was compared with a partially contemporaneous control cohort of 81 patients who underwent 84 angioplasty procedures with conventional balloons. Acute hemodynamic changes after angioplasty of homografts with UNC balloons included significantly reduced RV:Ao pressure ratio (
P
=0.02) and right ventricular outflow tract gradients (
P
≤0.001). Balloon waist resolution was more frequently achieved with UNC balloons (
P
=0.04), and balloon rupture occurred less often (
P
<0.001). Conduit tears of any severity occurred in 22% of patients overall and were more common in the UNC group (
P
=0.001). Patients with any conduit tear had significantly greater reduction in their RV:Ao pressure ratio (
P
<0.001) and right ventricular outflow tract gradient (
P
=0.004) than those with no tear. There were 4 unconfined tears, all in the UNC group, with no acute decompensations or deaths and only 1 patient who required surgical management.

Conclusions—
RV-PA conduit tears are common in patients undergoing angioplasty, but clinically important tears, which only occurred during UNC angioplasty in this series, were uncommon. UNC balloons can be used to good effect with significant reduction in right ventricular outflow tract gradient and the RV:Ao ratio when compared with conventional balloons.
The Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor‐γ Pioglitazone Improves Vascular Function and Decreases Disease Activity in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Marder Wendy , Khalatbari Shokoufeh , Myles James D. , Hench Rita , Lustig Susan , Yalavarthi Srilakshmi , Parameswaran Aishwarya , Brook Robert D. , Kaplan Mariana J. 
Published: November 2013

Background

Rheumatoid arthritis (
RA
) is associated with heightened mortality due to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (
CVD
). Inflammatory pathways in
RA
negatively affect vascular physiology and promote metabolic disturbances that contribute to
CVD
. We hypothesized that the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor‐γ (
PPAR
‐γ) pioglitazone could promote potent vasculoprotective and anti‐inflammatory effects in
RA
.

Methods and Results

One hundred forty‐three non‐diabetic adult
RA
patients (76.2% female, age 55.2±12.1 [mean±
SD
]) on stable
RA
standard of care treatment were enrolled in a randomized, double‐blind placebo controlled crossover trial of 45 mg daily pioglitazone versus placebo, with a 3‐month duration/arm and a 2‐month washout period. Pulse wave velocity of the aorta (
PWV
), brachial artery flow mediated dilatation (
FMD
), nitroglycerin mediated dilatation (
NMD
), microvascular endothelial function (reactive hyperemia index [
RHI
]), and circulating biomarkers of inflammation, insulin resistance, and atherosclerosis risk all were quantified.
RA
disease activity was assessed with the 28‐Joint Count Disease Activity Score (
DAS
‐28) C‐reactive protein (
CRP
) and the
Short Form (36) Health Survey quality of life questionnaire
. When added to standard of care
RA
treatment, pioglitazone significantly decreased pulse wave velocity (ie, aortic stiffness) (
P
=0.01), while
FMD
and
RHI
remained unchanged when compared to treatment with placebo. Further, pioglitazone significantly reduced
RA
disease activity (
P
=0.02) and
CRP
levels (
P
=0.001), while improving lipid profiles. The drug was well tolerated.

Conclusions

Addition of pioglitazone to
RA
standard of care significantly improves aortic elasticity and decreases inflammation and disease activity with minimal safety issues. The clinical implications of these findings remain to be established.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL: ClinicalTrials.gov Unique Identifier:
NCT
00554853.
Extending the Indications of Flow Diversion to Small, Unruptured, Saccular Aneurysms of the Anterior Circulation
Authors: Chalouhi Nohra , Starke Robert M. , Yang Steven , Bovenzi Cory D. , Tjoumakaris Stavropoula , Hasan David , Gonzalez L. Fernando , Rosenwasser Robert , Jabbour Pascal 
Published: November 2013

Background and Purpose—
Flow diverters are currently indicated for treatment of large and complex intracranial aneurysms. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the indications of flow diversion can be safely extended to unruptured, small, saccular aneurysms (<10 mm) of the anterior circulation.

Methods—
Forty patients treated with the pipeline embolization device (PED) were matched in a 1:4 fashion with 160 patients treated with stent-assisted coiling based on patient age, sex, aneurysm location, and aneurysm size. Procedural complications, angiographic results, and clinical outcomes were analyzed and compared.

Results—

The rate of periprocedural complications was 5% in the PED group and 3% in the stent-coil group (
P
=0.7). In multivariable analysis, increasing age was the only predictor of complications. At follow-up, a higher proportion of aneurysms treated with PED (80%) achieved complete obliteration compared with stent-coiled aneurysms (70%) but the difference did not reach statistical significance (
P
=0.2). In multivariable analysis, increasing aneurysm size and aneurysm location were predictors of nonocclusion. The rate of favorable outcome (modified Rankin Scale, 0–2 and modified Rankin Scale, 0–1) was similar in the PED group and the coil group.

Conclusions—
The PED was associated with similar periprocedural risks, clinical outcomes, and angiographic results compared with stent-assisted coiling. These findings suggest that the indications of PED can be safely extended to small intracranial aneurysms that are amenable to conventional endovascular techniques. Larger studies with long-term follow-up are necessary to determine the optimal treatment that leads to the highest rate of obliteration and best clinical outcomes.
Electroconvulsive therapy use in Otago, New Zealand: a 10-year retrospective audit of patient-level treatment data
Authors: Alvarez-Grandi Sebastian , de la Barra Sophia Leon , Seifert Annalise , Glue Paul 
Published: November 2013

Objectives: There are wide global variations in electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) use patterns. This audit reviewed patient-level ECT use patterns over 10 years at a single New Zealand clinic, including factors associated with clinical response and patterns of repeated administration. Methods: Retrospective audit of all 2003–2012 ECT and clinical file data. Results: A total of 199 patients received ECT, which was used to treat mostly affective disorders in a predominantly female, older population, generally with a single course of treatment. There were different demographics and patterns of ECT use between patients being treated for affective and psychotic disorders. Overall treatment response was high, with over 90% of patients having a full or partial response. Treatment response was not associated with diagnosis, gender, or medication use, but showed a trend in significance for greater response in elderly patients. Conclusions: ECT use patterns in Otago New Zealand are similar to those reported in Australia, USA, and UK, although yearly use rate in Otago is lower. Because of their different demographic and ECT treatment patterns, future studies should report data for patients with affective and psychotic disorders separately.
The Role of Number of Tasks in Determining the Relevance of Information
Authors: Durso Francis T. , Kazi Sadaf , Darling Cale M. 
Published: November 2013

Objective: Our objective was to explore the value of considering the number of tasks that use a piece of information when calculating the relevance information has to an operator. Background: Whereas frequency and criticality of information are often identified as information attributes, the number of tasks that use the information is rarely considered. Method: We calculated the relevance of pieces of information in air traffic control using criticality and frequency, and compared it to a formula that also considered the number of tasks. Results: Including number of tasks resulted in information ranking that better accounted for aircraft relevant information, and better supported the information needs of air traffic controllers as determined by judgments of controllers. Conclusion: The attribute of number of tasks is valuable in calculating the relevance of information. Application: Interface designers should consider the number of tasks that use a particular piece of information when determining the placement of information within a display.
Thrombolysis With Single Bolus Tenecteplase Compared With Streptokinase Infusion in the Treatment of Acute Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Patra Soumya , Nagesh C. M. , Reddy Babu , Srinivas B. C. , Agrawal Navin , Manjunath C. N. , Hegde Madhav 
Published: November 2013

Objective: This study was planned to compare the efficacy of bolus regimens of tenecteplase (TNK) and 24 hours infusion of streptokinase (STK) in acute pulmonary embolism (APE) in a resource-poor setting. Interventions: In all, 25 patients received injection of TNK, and 75 patients received infusion of STK over 24 hours. Results: Pulmonary artery systolic pressure and right ventricular function were improved separately and significantly ( P = .01) in both the study groups of patients from baseline at 24 hours or at seventh day and was comparable among the TNK and STK groups of patients. Mean duration of stay in intensive care unit was significantly less (2.2 ± 0.8 vs 3.2 ± 1.3 days; P = .04), and bleeding risk was also found to be nonsignificantly less in the TNK group. Conclusion: These results suggest that a 24-hour infusion regimen of STK is as effective as bolus TNK in the treatment of patients with APE in countries with limited resources.
Aldred v Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust
Authors: Jones Antonia 
Published: November 2013

Negligent delay in the diagnosis and treatment of infected cervical discitis leading to a permanent and partial C5 tetraplegia. Settlement: 8 March 2012. Christopher Wilson-Smith QC and Caroline Hallissey of Outer Temple Chambers, instructed by Antonia Jones of Stewarts Law LLP for the claimant. Sarah Pritchard of Kings Chambers, instructed by Vanessa Splaine of Weightmans LLP for the defendant.
The calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist MK-8825 decreases spinal trigeminal activity during nitroglycerin infusion
Authors: Feistel Stephan , Albrecht Stephanie , Messlinger Karl 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and nitric oxide (NO) are regarded as key mediators in migraine and other primary headaches. Migraineurs respond to infusion of nitroglycerin with delayed headaches, and inhibition of CGRP receptors has been shown to be effective in migraine therapy. In animal experiments nitrovasodilators like nitroglycerin induced increases in spinal trigeminal activity, which were reversed after inhibition of CGRP receptors. In the present study we asked if CGRP receptor inhibition can also prevent spinal trigeminal activity induced by nitroglycerin.

Methods
In isoflurane anaesthetised rats extracellular recordings were made from neurons in the spinal trigeminal nucleus with meningeal afferent input. The non-peptide CGRP receptor inhibitor MK-8825 (5 mg/kg) dissolved in acidic saline (pH 3.3) was slowly infused into rats one hour prior to prolonged glyceryl trinitrate (nitroglycerin) infusion (250 μg/kg/h for two hours).

Results
After infusion of MK-8825 the activity of spinal trigeminal neurons with meningeal afferent input did not increase under continuous nitroglycerin infusion but decreased two hours later below baseline. In contrast, vehicle infusion followed by nitroglycerin was accompanied by a transient increase in activity.

Conclusions
CGRP receptors may be important in an early phase of nitroglycerin-induced central trigeminal activity. This finding may be relevant for nitroglycerin-induced headaches.
Attitudes and beliefs of the French public about schizophrenia and major depression: results from a vignette-based population survey
Authors: Angermeyer Matthias C , Millier Aurélie , Rémuzat Cécile , Refaï Tarek , Toumi Mondher 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background
In their study ‘Mental Health in the General Population: Images and Realities’ Jean-Luc Roelandt et al. found a huge divide between the French public’s conceptualizations of insanity and depression. The study aims to examine whether such differences can be replicated using modern operationalized diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia and major depressive disorder.

Methods
In 2012, an online survey was conducted using a representative sample drawn from the adult French population (N = 1600). After presentation of a case-vignette depicting a person with either schizophrenia or major depressive disorder a fully structured interview was carried out.

Results
Despite some similarities marked differences between both disorders emerge regarding beliefs and attitudes. While respondents presented with the schizophrenia vignette more frequently defined symptoms as the expression of an illness with a stronger biological component and a less favorable prognosis, demanding psychiatric treatment, respondents presented with the depression vignette considered the occurrence of symptoms more frequently as the consequence of current psychosocial stress, benefitting not only from established but also from alternative treatments. People with schizophrenia were more frequently perceived as unpredictable and dangerous, there was a stronger need to separate one-self from them, they were more frequently met with fear and less frequently reacted to with pro-social feelings, and they also faced more rejection.

Conclusions
The French public draws a clear line between schizophrenia and major depressive disorder. This applies equally to beliefs about both disorders and to attitudes towards the persons afflicted. There is a need for interventions trying to reduce existing misconceptions in order to improve the care of patients.
Prenatal exposure to lipopolysaccharide results in myocardial remodelling in adult murine offspring
Authors: Wei Yanling , Du Wenhua , Xiong Xiuqin , He Xiaoyan , Ping Yi  , Deng Youcai , Chen Dongfeng , Li Xiaohui 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe epigenetic plasticity hypothesis indicates that pregnancy exposure may result in adult-onset diseases, including hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular disease, in offspring. In a previous study, we discovered that prenatal exposure to inflammatory stimulants, such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS), could lead to hypertension in adult rat offspring. In the present study, we further demonstrate that maternal inflammation induces cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction via ectopic over-expression of nuclear transcription factor κB (NF- κB), and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) can protect cardiac function by reducing maternal inflammation.MethodsPregnant SD rats were randomly divided into three groups and intraperitoneally injected with a vehicle, LPS (0.79 mg/kg), or LPS (0.79 mg/kg) plus PDTC (100 mg/kg) at 8 to 12 days of gestation. The offspring were raised until 4 and 8 months old, at which point an echocardiographic study was performed. The left ventricular (LV) mass index and apoptosis were examined.ResultsAt 4 months of age, the LPS offspring exhibited augmented posterior wall thickness. These rats displayed left ventricle (LV) hypertrophy and LV diastolic dysfunction as well as a higher apoptotic index, a higher level of Bax and a lower level of Bcl-2 at 8 months of age. The protein levels of NF-κB (p65) in the myocardium of the offspring were measured at this time. NF-κB protein levels were higher in the myocardium of LPS offspring. The offspring that were prenatally treated with PDTC displayed improved signs of blood pressure (BP) and LV hypertrophy.ConclusionsMaternal inflammation can induce cardiac hypertrophy in offspring during aging accompanied with hypertension emergence and can be rescued by the maternal administration of PDTC (the inhibitor of NF-κB).
Modification of hybrid active bilayer for enhanced efficiency and stability in planar heterojunction colloidal quantum dot photovoltaics
Authors: Heo Seung Jin , Yoon Seokhyun , Oh Sang Hoon , Kim Hyun Jae 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Solution-processed planar heterojunction colloidal quantum dot photovoltaics with a hybrid active bilayer is demonstrated. A power conversion efficiency of 1.24% under simulated air mass 1.5 illumination conditions is reported. This was achieved through solid-state treatment with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide of PbS colloidal quantum dot solid films. That treatment was used to passivate Br atomic ligands as well as to engineer the interface within the hybrid active bilayer.
Human papillomavirus genotyping and integration in ovarian cancer Saudi patients
Authors: Al-Shabanah Othman A , Hafez Mohamed M , Hassan Zeinab K , Sayed-Ahmed Mohamed M , Abozeed Waleed N , Al-Rejaie Salem S , Alsheikh Abdulmalik A 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with different malignancies but its role in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer is controversial. This study investigated the prevalence, genotyping and physical state of HPV in ovarian cancer Saudi patients.

Methods
Hundred formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) ovarian carcinoma tissues and their normal adjacent tissues (NAT) were included in the study. HPV was detected by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using degenerated HPVL1 consensus primer pairs MY09/MY11 and GP5+/GP6 + to amplify a broad spectrum of HPV genotypes in a single reaction. The HPV positive samples were further genotyped using DNA sequencing. The physical state of the virus was identified using Amplification of Papillomavirus Oncogene Transcripts (APOT) assay in the samples positive for HPV16 and/or HPV18.

Results
High percentage of HPV (42%) was observed in ovarian carcinoma compared to 8% in the NAT. The high-risk HPV types 16, 18 and 45 were highly associated with the advanced stages of tumor, while low-risk types 6 and 11 were present in NAT. In malignant tissues, HPV-16 was the most predominant genotype followed by HPV-18 and -45. The percentage of viral integration into the host genome was significantly high (61.1%) compared to 38.9% episomal in HPV positive tumors tissues. In HPV18 genotype the percentage of viral integration was 54.5% compared to 45.5% episomal.

Conclusion
The high risk HPV genotypes in ovarian cancer may indicate its role in ovarian carcinogenesis. The HPV vaccination is highly recommended to reduce this type of cancer.