bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the dosimetric impact of applying flattening filter‐free beams in intensity‐modulated radiotherapy for early‐stage upper thoracic carcinoma of oesophagus
Authors: Zhang Wuzhe , Lin Zhixiong , Yang Zhining , Fang Weisheng , Lai Peibo , Lu Jiayang , Wu Vincent WC 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIntroductionFlattening filter‐free (FFF) radiation beams have recently become clinically available on modern linear accelerators in radiation therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the dosimetric impact of using FFF beams in intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for early‐stage upper thoracic oesophageal cancer.MethodsEleven patients with primary stage upper thoracic oesophageal cancer were recruited. For each patient, two IMRT plans were computed using conventional beams (Con‐P) and FFF beams (FFF‐P), respectively. Both plans employed a five‐beam arrangement and were prescribed with 64 Gy to (planning target volume) PTV1 and 54 Gy to PTV2 in 32 fractions using 6 MV photons. The dose parameters of the target volumes and organs at risks (OARs), and treatment parameters including the monitor units (MU) and treatment time (TT) for Con‐P and FFF‐P were recorded and compared.ResultsThe mean D5 of PTV1 and PTV2 were higher in FFF‐P than Con‐P by 0.4 Gy and 0.3 Gy, respectively. For the OARs, all the dose parameters did not show significant difference between the two plans except the mean V5 and V10 of the lung in which the FFF‐P was lower (46.7% vs. 47.3% and 39.1% vs. 39.6%, respectively). FFF‐P required 54% more MU but 18.4% less irradiation time when compared to Con‐P.ConclusionThe target volume and OARs dose distributions between the two plans were comparable. However, FFF‐P was more effective in sparing the lung from low dose and reduced the mean TT compared with Con‐P. Long‐term clinical studies are suggested to evaluate the radiobiological effects of FFF beams.
The Moderating Role of Personal Need for Structure on the Evaluation of Incrementally New Products versus Really New Products
Authors: Kim Jun San , Hahn Minhi , Yoon Yeosun 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTPrevious literature about the impacts of product newness on consumers’ acceptance of new products pointed out that consumers are more prone to purchase incrementally new products (INPs) than really new products (RNPs). This study investigated the moderating role of individual difference in personal need for structure (PNS) on consumers’ evaluation of INP versus RNP. The inverted‐U evaluation pattern of the schema congruity effect was predicted to be left‐skewed for high‐PNS consumers and right‐skewed for low‐PNS consumers as regards their evaluations of INP versus RNP. The results of Study 1 showed that low‐PNS consumers evaluated RNPs higher than INPs. High‐PNS consumers evaluated INPs higher than RNPs consistent with the prediction; however, the result was not significant. Relative to this issue, the moderating role of PNS on consumers’ evaluation of INP versus RNP may have been affected by consumers’ product category knowledge. The results of Study 2 verified the left‐ and right‐skewed inverted‐U hypotheses and showed that the moderating effect of PNS was evident only for novice consumers. Theoretical contributions and managerial implications from the results of the studies are discussed.
Catch and Shoot: The Influence of Advergame Mechanics on Preference Formation
Authors: Kuo Andrew , Rice Dan Hamilton 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTThe use of advergames for the purpose of brand and product promotion is growing in popularity as the mobile gaming industry expands. The extant research on advergames, however, has focused primarily on factors influencing the effectiveness of in‐game advertising (e.g., banner and pop‐up ads appearing beside gameplay). Therefore, this research seeks to examine the impact of branded content integrated directly into the mechanics of a game. Across two studies, the influence of common game mechanics (e.g., shooting, collecting, avoiding) on affective and attentional processes are investigated by manipulating the design elements of a custom advergame. The results suggest that advergame mechanics can influence subsequent choices through perceptual fluency and affective transfer. Additionally, perceived difficulty was found to moderate the relationship between affective response and choice.
Exploring the Feelings and Thoughts that Accompany the Experience of Consumption Desires
Authors: Boujbel Lilia , d'Astous Alain 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTDesires represent a central aspect of human motivation. Recent studies in the field of consumer behavior have shown the importance of the concept of desire to better understand the aspirations of consumers living in economically developed countries for whom most basic needs are satisfied. There has been however no previous attempt at circumscribing the feelings and thoughts that accompany the experience of desire. The present research addresses this gap in the literature. The objectives of the research presented in this article are threefold: (1) to identify the affective and cognitive responses that accompany the experience of consumption desire, (2) to develop a valid scale to assess these feelings and cognitions, and (3) to explore the theoretical links that these internal responses have with other concepts of interest in the field of consumer behavior, such as impulsive and compulsive buying, materialism, innovativeness, voluntary simplicity, self‐esteem, and life satisfaction. In order to address these objectives, five studies were conducted. The results of these studies have revealed that the experience of consumption desires is generally accompanied by psychological events that are affective (i.e., pleasure, discomfort, and guilt) and cognitive (i.e., control). This research contributes to a better understanding of the phenomena that surround the experience of consumption desires as lived and managed by consumers through the development of a reliable and valid measuring instrument that can be used to explore the relationships between these phenomena and other fundamental consumer behavior concepts.
Hierarchical abstraction of weakly coupled synchronized oscillator networks
Authors: Roychowdhury Jaijeet , Bhushan Palak 
Published: January 2015

SummaryWe provide a constructive and numerically implementable proof that synchronized groups of coupled, self‐sustaining oscillators can be represented as a single effective Perturbation Projection Vector (PPV) (or Phase Response Curve) phase macromodel – in other words, that a group of synchronized oscillators behaves as a single effective oscillator with respect to external influences. This result constitutes a foundation for understanding and predicting synchronization/timing hierarchically in large, complex systems that arise in nature and engineering. We apply this result hierarchically to networks of synchronized oscillators, thereby enabling their efficient and scalable analysis. We illustrate our theory and numerical methods with examples from electronics (networks of three‐stage ring oscillators), biology (Fitzhugh–Nagumo neurons) and mechanics (pendulum clocks). Our experiments demonstrate that effective PPVs extracted hierarchically can capture emergent phenomena, such as pattern formation, in coupled oscillator networks. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polarization‐resolved electroluminescence study of InGaN/GaN dot‐in‐a‐wire light‐emitting diodes grown by molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Li K. H. , Wang Q. , Nguyen H. P. T. , Zhao S. , Mi Z. 
Published: January 2015

The polarization properties of light emission from InGaN nanowire (NW) light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) have been studied with the use of goniometric setup. A maximum polarization ratio of ∼0.7 has been obtained from the edge emission of NW array‐based LEDs and the light is mainly polarized parallel to the c‐axis of NWs. The nearly isotropic polarization response from a core–shell NW LED structure is also observed, and it is found that the degree of polarization is strongly depended on the NW diameter. With the growth of the AlGaN shell, the resulting diameter of core–shell NWs becomes larger and is comparable to the emission wavelength, thus weakening the optical confinement effect and the polarization behavior. The size‐dependent polarization properties of NW structures are further verified by the finite‐difference time‐domain simulation. NWs with diameters much less than the emission wavelength render a strong contrast between the p‐ and s‐polarized light emissions.(Left) FE‐SEM image of MBE‐grown NWs covered with polyimide. (Right) Plot of integrated electroluminescence intensity as a function of polarizer angle for a NW LED.
Distance‐weighted discrimination
Authors: Marron J. S. 
Published: January 2015

Distance‐weighted discrimination is a classification (discrimination) method. Like the popular support vector machine, it is rooted in optimization; however, the underlying optimization problem is modified to give better generalizability, particularly in high dimensions. The two key ideas are that distance‐weighted discrimination directly targets the data piling problem and also correctly handles unknown, unbalanced subclasses in the data. A useful property of distance‐weighted discrimination, beyond just good classification performance, is that it provides a direction vector in high‐dimensional data space with several purposes, including indication of driving phenomena behind class differences, data visualization, and batch adjustment tasks. WIREs Comput Stat 2015, 7:109–114. doi: 10.1002/wics.1345This article is categorized under:

Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Clustering and Classification
Applications of Computational Statistics > Genomics/Proteomics/Genetics
Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Statistical Graphics and Visualization
Hydrothermal Assembly of Two New 3D Zinc(II) pcu Nets: Coordination Chemistry, Crystal Structures, and Fluorescence Properties
Authors: Zhu Xiaofei , Yang Yu , Jiang Ning , Li Bo , Zhou Defeng , Fu Hai , Wang Ning 
Published: January 2015

AbstractSelf‐assembly of zinc(II) coordination polymers have attracted intense interests due to their intriguing frameworks and fluorescence properties. Two new 3D ZnII coordination polymers with pcu networks, formulated by [Zn2L1L2(mbtz)]·H2O (1) and [Zn4L12L22(btp)2]·7H2O (2) [H2L1 = 2,5‐dibenzoylterephthalic acid, H2L2 = 4,6‐dibenzoylisophthalic acid, mbtz = 1,3‐bis(1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐ylmethyl)benzene, and btp = 1,3‐bis(1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl)propane], were synthesized under normal hydrothermal conditions. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses revealed that both of the two compounds exhibited interesting 3D pcu frameworks, and showed shifted fluorescent emissions arising from the coordination chemistry between ZnII and the N‐donor ligands.
The Use of Boron Compounds for Stabilization of Lipase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa ES3 for the Detergent Industry
Authors: Sarac Nurdan , Ugur Aysel , Boran Rukiye , Elgin Emine Sonay 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis study aimed to characterize a lipase that is highly active and stable under typical washing conditions for use as a detergent ingredient by investigating the effects of various boron compounds on lipase stabilization under different conditions. In addition, the antimicrobial activity of the boron compounds used in enzyme stabilization was examined in order to obtain an effective antimicrobial detergent. A lipase‐producing bacterium was isolated from kitchen wastewater samples using Rhodamine‐B Agar medium and identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa based on 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The ES3 lipase obtained from P. aeruginosa was purified, and the purified enzyme was found to have a molecular mass of 40 kDa. The enzyme showed optimal activity at pH 9.0–10.0 and 40 °C and remained stable in the presence of various metal ions, surfactants and oxidizing agents. Moreover, the pH stability and thermostability of the enzyme was improved by the addition of boron compounds, which, when used as stabilizers in the incubation media, also increased the stability of the enzyme towards commercial detergents. Furthermore, the enzyme displayed properties comparable with the commercial product Lipolase®, which has shown excellent stability towards various commercial detergents. Finally, boron compounds used to stabilize the lipase were found to possess antimicrobial properties, suggesting that detergents incorporating these compounds will also exhibit antimicrobial activity when washing clothes and dishes.
Corrosion Inhibition and Adsorption Behavior of Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfate on L80 Carbon Steel in Acetic Acid Solution and Its Synergism with Ethanol
Authors: Deyab Mohamed Abdel Moneim 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe application of sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES) as an anionic surfactant and its synergistic combination with ethanol for inhibition of corrosion of L80 carbon steel in acetic acid solutions were investigated by means of potentiodynamic polarization measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX) investigations. The inhibition efficiency increases with an increase in concentration of SLES. The adsorption of SLES on the surface of L80 carbon steel obeys the Freundlich isotherm. SLES acts predominately as an anodic inhibitor. XRD, EDX, and SEM examinations of the electrode surface confirmed the adsorption of SLES on the electrode surface. The addition of ethanol with SLES significantly enhances the inhibition effectiveness and generates a strong synergistic effect.
Effect of Positional Distribution of Linoleic Acid on Oxidative Stability of Triacylglycerol Molecules Determined by 1H NMR
Authors: Wang Xiang‐Yu , Yang Dan , Gan Lu‐Jing , Zhang Hua , Shin Jung‐Ah , Lee Yong‐Hwa , Jang Young‐Seok , Lee Ki‐Teak 
Published: January 2015

Abstract1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) was used to determine the effect of positional distribution of linoleic acid (L) on the oxidative stability of triacylglycerols. For this purpose, structured soybean oil (SSO), which had a similar total fatty acid composition but a different L positional distribution than soybean oil (SO), was produced by interesterification reaction. The SO and SSO were oxidized in the dark at 40 °C. Afterwards, 1H NMR was used to monitor the oxidation process and quantify the main polyunsaturated fatty acid, Z,E‐ and E,E‐conjugated forms, hydroperoxides, and aldehydes at different oxidation periods in a single run. After 45 days of oxidation, SSO showed lower L content than SO (9.9 ± 1.1 and 16.8 ± 0.5 %, respectively). Additionally, secondary oxidation products in SSO were shown to be more abundant than in SO (82.3 ± 4.9 and 43.6 ± 0.9 mmol/L oil, respectively). This study indicated that SO, which contains a higher distribution of L at the sn‐2 position, was more resistant to autoxidation than SSO.
Improving Communication-specific Coping after Traumatic Brain Injury: Evaluation of a New Treatment using Single-case Experimental Design
Authors: Douglas Jacinta M. , Knox Lucy , De Maio Carren , Bridge Helen 
Published: January 2015

Background and aims: Impaired communication is a well-documented and enduring consequence of traumatic brain injury (TBI). As a result of this impairment, people with TBI frequently experience communication breakdown and associated stress. Typically, we use communication-specific coping strategies in situations characterised by communication breakdown. Productive strategies enhance message transfer; non-productive strategies do little to resolve problems and frequently result in negative social interaction. This research aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a new treatment, Communication-specific Coping Intervention (CommCope-I), which specifically targets coping in the context of communication breakdown.Method: Single-case experimental design (A–B–A with follow-up using multiple probes) across two participants was used. Participants were Samantha, a 30-year-old woman who had sustained severe TBI 8 years previously, and Thomas, a 34-year-old man who had sustained severe TBI when he was 29 years old. CommCope-I is a 6-week programme which targets personally relevant productive coping strategies identified collaboratively with the client. Productive coping scripts are developed and practised through a series of graded scenarios that are evaluated with the aid of video recording.Results: Percentage of non-overlapping corrected data (PNCD) was used to analyse the results. PNCD involves a data-correction procedure to remove baseline trend from the data series prior to calculating the change produced as a result of intervention. A large treatment effect was demonstrated in both participants (PNCD: end of treatment Samantha = 100%, Thomas = 100%, 3-month follow-up Samantha = 100%, Thomas = 100%). These results are consistent with highly effective treatment.Conclusions: This study provides sound phase-1 evidence for the effectiveness of CommCope-I.
Reproducibility and validity of an FFQ to assess usual intake of methyl-group donors
Authors: Pauwels Sara , Doperé Ine , Huybrechts Inge , Godderis Lode , Koppen Gudrun , Vansant Greet 
Published: January 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo develop and validate a novel FFQ to assess the daily intake of four methyl-group donors (methionine, choline, betaine and folate).DesignThe relative validity of the FFQ was assessed by comparison with 7 d estimated diet records (n 80) and its reproducibility was evaluated by repeated administrations 6 weeks apart (n 92). Paired Student t tests were used to compare group means and de-attenuated intra-class correlations to investigate the ability of the FFQ to rank individuals according to their methyl-group donor intake. De-attenuated intra-class correlation coefficients were calculated between the test and reference method for methionine, choline, betaine, folate and the sum of methyl-group donors. The weighted kappa (κw) was calculated as a measure of tertile agreement.SettingFlanders, Belgium.SubjectsThe FFQ was validated among Flemish women of reproductive age (18–35 years).ResultsThe questionnaire had an acceptable ranking ability (r=0·32–0·68; κw=0·10–0·35), but overestimated the daily intake of folate (280·6 μg v. 212·0 μg) and betaine (179·1 mg v. 147·0 mg) compared with the 7 d estimated diet record. Cross-classification analysis indicated that 20 % (choline) of the participants were grossly misclassified in the validation study. The correlation between repeated administrations was good (r=0·62–0·83) with a maximal misclassification of 7 % for betaine (κw=0·44–0·66).ConclusionsThese results indicate that this newly developed FFQ is a reliable instrument with acceptable validity for ranking individuals according to methyl-group donor intake (except for a poor agreement for choline (κw=0·10) and a fair ranking ability for betaine (r=0·32)) in Flemish women of reproductive age.
Chirality-selected phase behaviour in ionic polypeptide complexes
Authors: Perry Sarah L. , Leon Lorraine , Hoffmann Kyle Q. , Kade Matthew J. , Priftis Dimitrios , Black Katie A. , Wong Derek , Klein Ryan A. , Pierce Charles F. , Margossian Khatcher O. , Whitmer Jonathan K. , Qin Jian , de Pablo Juan J. , Tirrell Matthew 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPolyelectrolyte complexes present new opportunities for self-assembled soft matter. Factors determining whether the phase of the complex is solid or liquid remain unclear. Ionic polypeptides enable examination of the effects of stereochemistry on complex formation. Here we demonstrate that chirality determines the state of polyelectrolyte complexes, formed from mixing dilute solutions of oppositely charged polypeptides, via a combination of electrostatic and hydrogen-bonding interactions. Fluid complexes occur when at least one of the polypeptides in the mixture is racemic, which disrupts backbone hydrogen-bonding networks. Pairs of purely chiral polypeptides, of any sense, form compact, fibrillar solids with a β-sheet structure. Analogous behaviour occurs in micelles formed from polypeptide block copolymers with polyethylene oxide, where assembly into aggregates with either solid or fluid cores, and eventually into ordered phases at high concentrations, is possible. Chirality is an exploitable tool for manipulating material properties in polyelectrolyte complexation.
The NMR–Rosetta capsid model of M13 bacteriophage reveals a quadrupled hydrophobic packing epitope
Authors: Morag Omry , Sgourakis Nikolaos G. , Baker David , Goldbourt Amir 
Published: January 2015

Significance
We present an atomic-resolution structure of the M13 filamentous bacteriophage capsid, one of many filamentous viruses that play important roles in many areas of research. The model was obtained by combining magic-angle spinning NMR and Rosetta modeling, used for the first time, to our knowledge, to derive the atomic structure of an intact virus capsid. The structure is made up of thousands of identical helical subunits stabilized by repeating hydrophobic pockets, which serve as a locking motif, suggesting a direct role in phage particle assembly. Analysis of various phage sequences suggests the presence of a conserved design principle for helical capsids. Because the current method does not rely on any particular preparation procedure, it can be applied to other viral capsids and molecular assemblies.
Newly isolated Penicillium oxalicum A592-4B secretes enzymes that degrade milled rice straw with high efficiency
Authors: Aoyama Akihisa , Kurane Ryuichiro , Matsuura Akira , Nagai Kazuo 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
An enzyme producing micro-organism, which can directly saccharify rice straw that has only been crushed without undergoing the current acid or alkaline pretreatment, was found. From the homology with the ITS, 28S rDNA sequence, the strain named A592-4B was identified as Penicillium oxalicum. Activities of the A592-4B enzymes and commercial enzyme preparations were compared by Novozymes Cellic CTec2 and Genencore GC220. In the present experimental condition, activity of A592-4B enzymes was 2.6 times higher than that of CTec2 for degrading milled rice straw. Furthermore, even when a quarter amount of A592-4B enzyme was applied to the rice straw, the conversion rate was still higher than that by CTec2. By utilizing A592-4B enzymes, improved lignocellulose degradation yields can be achieved without pre-treatment of the substrates; thus, contributing to cost reduction as well as reducing environmental burden.