bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generic affiliations of Canthium species placed under Pyrostria group B sensu Bridson (Vanguerieae, Rubiaceae) inferred from morphology and molecular data
Authors: Alejandro Grecebio Jonathan D , Magdaleno Carizza Marie M , Pacia Joseph Alvin T , Paraguison Lyn D , Quiogue Kim Karlo C , Wong Annie Eliza D , Yayen Krysten Marie R , Arriola Axel H 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Background

Pyrostria sensu lato (s.l.) is regarded as one of the polyphyletic group within Vanguerieae formerly comprising of Pyrostria sensu stricto (s.s.), Pyrostria group A and Pyrostria group B delineated by the number of locules and geographical occurrence. Recent molecular phylogenetic studies within the genus have narrowed its circumscription that resulted in the merging of Pyrostria group A and Pyrostria s.s. Although some species of Pyrostria group B were already transferred to Pyrostria s.s. and Psydrax based on morphology, other representatives of the group remain unsettled.

Results
Bayesian and parsimony analysis of the combined ITS (nrDNA) and trnL-F (cpDNA) datasets showed a well-supported clade of the whole Vanguerieae containing four Philippine endemic representatives of Pyrostria group B. The placement of Canthium oligophlebium, Canthium obovatifolium and Canthium ramosii within Pyrostria s.s. (PP = 0.99; BS = 85%) is robustly supported likewise the affiliation of C. gynochthodes with Psydrax (PP = 0.94; BS = 85%). Morphological features shared by our species with Pyrostria s.s. and Psydrax further supports our molecular data.

Conclusion
Our study supports the earlier hypothesis that Canthium oligophlebium, C. obovatifolium and C. ramosii should be placed under Pyrostria s.s. except for C. gynochthodes that grouped with Psydrax. Four new combinations are proposed in this study. The generic affiliations of other species of Pyrostria group B should be reinvestigated towards a more natural classfication in Vanguerieae.
Health-impaired children social integration: Russian and Non-Russian historical experience
Authors: Жимаева Екатерина , Zhimaeva Ekaterina 
Published: September 2014

The article is devoted to an analysis of health-impaired children social integration. The author identifies six major stages in the development of a society’s attitude towards disability as a problem and disables children
as a distinct social group: from absolute rejection and even destruction of health-impaired persons to public recognition of equal rights irrespective of health conditions. In the article, the author compares Russian and European experience in health-impaired-people-targeted aid-provision and concludes that Russian experience is significantly different from that of Europe, where aid programmes were informed by the goals and aims of the state. By mid-20th century, European society had come to a realization of health-impaired people’s social equality and begun to develop a social model of disability, the underlying premise of which was active social assistance provided for persons with special needs in the course of their socialization. The predominant attitude in Russia was characterized by plaintive compassion and pity, which shaped the support/aid model as initially grounded in private charity and, later, state provision. By the end of the 20th century, due to global socio-economic reforms, a social model of disability came to be created in Russia. However, legal deficiencies, fund and qualified personnel shortages, as well as the negative stereotypes have so far been challenging the development of the model. As a conclusion, the author insists that the
adaptivity model currently in effect be replaced by a self-actualization model. The author provides practical recommendations concerning personnel training and re-training in the field of social follow-up of healthimpaired people.
Virtual computer-based laboratories in higher education
Authors: Степанов Константин , Stepanov Konstantin , Шепелин Виктор , Shepelin Viktor 
Published: September 2014

The authors of the article see the role of computer technologies in higher education as that of a system of scientific knowledge, methods and instruments employed by higher education institutions. In the article, the authors dwell on the characteristic features of the new educational morphology, such as interactivity and learner-centered approach to information and communication technology teaching at all levels
of education; develop a concept of new educational morphology on the basis of virtual Ålectronicworkbench-, Mathcad-, Matlab-supported laboratories; emphasize that a development on new educational morphology on the basis of computer technologies allows for (1) a student transfer from a reproductive to a creative model of learning, (2) an improved cost- and economic-efficiency of higher education establishments.
Zur Frage der Qualität im Prozess des Simultandolmetschens – von der Theorie zur Empirie
Authors: Tymoszuk Katarzyna 
Published: September 2014

Quality in simultaneous interpretation – from theory to empiricism
The aim of the article is to review the most significant theoretical approaches and models referring to the quality of simultaneous interpretation as well as research projects aimed at verifying its particular components. The article is concluded with the presentation of a current state of theoretical discourse and the latest results of experiments concerning this phenomenon.
I kto tu jest realistą? Wokół braci Mackiewiczów, Rosji, komunizmu i Polski Ludowej
Authors: Zakrzewski Maciej 
Published: September 2014

Who is a realist? On Mackiewicz brothers, Russia, communism and People’s Republic of Poland
The article describes Josef and Stanislaw Mackiewicz’s, polish publicists, views on the problem of communism, its nature and origins. Main point of difference in their critiques of communism was connected with their views on the relation between communist state and Russian tradition. Stanislaw Mackiewicz after the end of the Second World War was changing his previous opinion and began to see Soviet Union as a new form of Russian imperialism. In this way he could renew the tradition of conservative political realism of Wielopolski. In 1956 r. Stanislaw Mackiewicz came back to Poland and started to act in order to widen polish autonomy in the circumstances of soviet domination. Josef Mackiewicz claimed that communism was a new form of political slavery and that there was no possibilities to act according to traditions of nineteenth century political realism. New dangerous form of political power of Soviet Union exclude any political compromise. In his opinion Soviet Union and its political orbits were no partner for political dialog but an ultimate enemy not only for slaved nations but whole human civilization.
Polityczna gra o prawną regulację procedury in vitro – analiza wybranych aspektów debaty w przestrzeni medialnej
Authors: Łaska-Formejster Alicja 
Published: September 2014

The politics game for regulation of in vitro fertilisation procedure – the aspects of debate in the media sphere analysis
The purpose of the study, it has been mentioned in this article, was to describe the course and the range of public debate on some bioethical problems. The author presented the analysis of the articles and information, it had been published in public web portals and websites, in which the writers had referred specifically to the legislative proposals of in vitro fertilisation procedure, and to the Health Minister’s announcement of in vitro financing program from the public budget. The study includes the analysis of the statements of political and religious (Catholic) community’s representatives, medical and scientific experts and journalists. As a result of the study, five dimensions, which describe the course and range of the debate in the media sphere, has been presented.
„Debata” Tomasza Lisa z Jarosławem Kaczyńskim
Authors: Jakubowski Paweł 
Published: September 2014

“Debate” between Tomasz Lis and Jarosław Kaczyński. Eristic techniques used during the television interview before the election of 2011
The parliamentary elections in 2011, accounted for another installment of the rivalry between the two major parties: Platforma Obywatelska and Prawo i Sprawiedliwość. The most expected moment of the campaign was the debate between the leaders of the two formations, which could help the undecided voters to compare the images and programs of candidates. Lack of TV duel major politicians, made the interview by journalist Tomasz Lis with statesman Jarosław Kaczyński has become a substitute for debate. Because of diversity of views of both interlocutors and the course of the meeting, the event attracted a lot of emotion and audiences. Eristic techniques used during the program could indicate the involvement of publicist, who wanted to prove the falsity of the image of politics. Jarosław Kaczyński mindful of the experience of 2007, when he lost the debate with Donald Tusk, this time prepared to meet substantially, using a variety of techniques. The aim of this article is to present the most important moments of the interview and evaluate the role of event made for the election campaign.
Internauci o polityce europejskiej
Authors: Winiarska‑Brodowska Małgorzata 
Published: September 2014

Internet users on European politics. A comparative analysis of discussions on the Debate Europe forum
European citizenship has introduced a new quality into political communication in the European Union. EU citizens exercise rights such as freedom of expression and participation in the democratic life of the Union. The Debate Europe forum is an example of European platform of exchange of ideas. Content analysis of posts in Polish and English enabled to give an answer to questions about the level of engagement of actors of the communication process, dialog, rationality of debate and the influence of political culture on discussions.
Wideoideologia i Youtubizacja jako narzędzia politycznego public relations
Authors: Walecka‑Rynduch Agnieszka 
Published: September 2014

Video‑ideology and Youtubization as a Political Tool of Public Relations
Quantifier of our century is the media that define the present century as a time of media democracy, or, more narrowly, of e‑democracy. Politicians around the world submitting their political campaigns, interviews, speeches to the plans of media. They need media to communicate with the citizens of their countries, with voters, with national and international institutions. Models of communication created this way, according to the theory of public relations, can have the character of propaganda, marketing or of a dialog. The phenomenon of video‑ideology and the resulting political youtubization analyzed by the Author fits in all these three models. The paper identifies three channels of PR communication of the world of politics to the world of audience/electorate. The first two channels are top‑down schemes, created by the political power base, applied to influence and shape political attitudes of citizens. The third channel is bottom‑up formed grassroots citizens’ attitude, which is a meaningful response of the electorate to the political action.
Ewolucja technologiczna w mediach a proces zmian społeczno-kulturalnych i ich wpływ na prasę w Polsce
Authors: Polaczek‑Bigaj Marta 
Published: September 2014

The technological evolution of the media and the process of socio‑cultural changes and their impact on the press in Poland
System transformation, which has been performed after year 1989, has started process of violent changes in each domain of life in Poland. It has allowed on economy freedom that has contributed to intensive technological evolution. This process had key meaning for development, but especially for modification of Polish press market. On the one hand we observe pluralism among press titles which has brought immediate growth on this market, but press sector had to face the challenge of competitive media that use technological development to supply their functioning. It’s said not only about the radio and television, but especially about utilization of internet on different surfaces of spheres of media. The present publication is the study of chosen aspects of changes, which have reached and still has place, in the consequence of appearance and employment of newest technical solutions. The author indicate what chances and threats can they give for farthest functioning of press in Poland.
Twórczość bardów rosyjskich jako pogranicze radzieckiej literatury oficjalnej i wolnej
Authors: Sławomirski Radosław 
Published: September 2014

Writing of Russian bards as a borderline of Soviet official and free literature
Communist totalitarianism in the USSR became a part of literature as an obligatory ideology, defining a boundary between its official type – enslaved, and free type – embracing tamizdat and samizdat. The borderline of these two types was established by writing of Russian bards, which can be perceived as official alternative type. The most marvelous phenomenon concerning the creativity consisted in a fact, that the bards neither attacked the official ideology nor were under the influence of its requirements. They showed a world of dreams and desires of ordinary people, what was extremely needed by Soviet society, enslaved by totalitarianism. Thanks to that their works were very popular and appreciated by the whole community.socjolożka specjalizująca się w demografii społecznej i metodologii nauk społecznych; pracuje jako adiunkt w Instytucie Filozofii i Socjologii na Uniwersytecie Pedagogicznym im. KEN w Krakowie.
Zapiski oficera Armii Czerwonej Sergiusza Piaseckiego – polska próba zgłębienia mentalności jednostki wychowanej w systemie stalinowskim
Authors: Dominik Anna 
Published: September 2014

Notes of a Red Army officer by Sergiusz Piasecki. A Polish attempt at understanding the mentality of a person raised under Stalinism
Stalism was one of periods in Soviet history, when Josif Stalin ruled in a unlimited way. Stalinism can be characterized as time of terror and pain but also as period of creating a new powerful state and a new economic and social reality. Men and women living in Soviet Union were formed by their sovereigns, who wanted to create new kind of mankind. Soviet mentality, created during Stalin’s era was researched by many publicists and writers. One of them, Polish writer Sergiusz Piasecki is known as an author of satirical novel Notes of Red Army officer, published in 1957. In this work of fiction Piasecki analyzed way of thinking and behaving typical for a person raised in Stalin’s system. His book contains many sharp thoughts and good observations, but disappoints their readers by depicting main character (Mischa Zubov) as a kind of automat without human emotions.
„Kinematografia dla milionów”
Authors: Flig Małgorzata 
Published: September 2014

„A Cinema for the Millions”. The image of community in musical comedy films of Grigorii Aleksandrov
Grigorii Aleksandrov’s films created with composer Isaak Dunaevskii were among the most popular of Russian cinema in the 1930s and 1940s. The first Aleksandrov’s film Happy Guys centered on the poetic of comedy as ideology or entertainment. In the article author describes the strategies of manipulation. The Soviet musical incorporated Stalinist ideology and nationalism. The patriotic language in soviet comedies is naturalized, it seems like songs in films were more about nature than politics, patriotic love and life‑ affirming laughter. Aleksandrov used archetypes and myths of the Stalin era and produced image of mythical soviet community. The maternal archetype is present in fertility imagery and is spatially encoded as “Rodina” (“homeland” or “motherland”). He put an end to the 1920s cult of ugliness in Soviet cinema and convinced Stalin, that beauty is a necessary element of Soviet art. Aleksandrov’s films reproduced the dominant ideology and gave people what they wanted – entertainment, escape from the travails of the everyday, and hope for the better life.
The idea of the Nation Salvation in the journalism of Alexander Solzhenitsyn
Authors: Jadwosiuk-Małek Anna 
Published: September 2014

The idea of the Nation Salvation in the journalism of Alexander Solzhenitsyn
In his publicism of the 90’s, especially in „Russia in the collapse”, Alexander Solzhenitsyn continues the discourse on the Russian idea, which was started back in the nineteenth century by Peter Chaadaev. This proves that Solzhenitsyn is a continuator of the great Russian literature. Solzenitsyn’s Russian Idea, which is the idea of the Nation Salvation (идея Сбережения Народа), is based on Orthodox ethics and belief. The idea of Salvation of the Nation is not a philosophical treatise, but the social and national program intended to reconstruct the nation identity after communist disaster in the twentieth century. First of all the program assumes to preserve memory of the culture, language, traditions and most importantly, the faith – Orthodoxy, which is the core of Russian national identity. The second important aspect is to build national unity; in the opinion of the writer nation remains divided, atomized, the Russians do not feel belonging to a community, have no responsibility for history. Thirdly, the author of „Russia’s collapse,” sees the need for transformation, reconstruction of national identity, what he calls „moral revolution”. The nation who believes in God, united by respect for common, centuries‑old tradition, aware of their culture, traditions, using pure language, not divided to the center and province, active, self‑ governing, rejecting top down control – this is the Solzhenitsyn ideal. The writer not only believed in it – he lived in this way.
Wspólnotowe kultury polityczne Rosji i Chin
Authors: Lubina Michał 
Published: September 2014

The communitarian political cultures of Russia and China. Similarities and differences
Russian‑ Sino relationships are constantly improving which lead a significant amount of scholars to focus on their cultural similarities. This is true particularly to Russian academicians who try to point out civilizational and cultural closeness between Russia and China as a counterweight to the Western model. Indeed, there are some similarities, like predominance of collectivism over individualism and the need for a strong leadership. Nevertheless, if we take the risk of venturing into deeper space of cultural background and take into account not only political issues but also Russia’s and China’s identity and consciousness, then striking differences appear. On this level we can clearly see that similarities between Russia and China are superficial and they exist only on the surface. On the deeper, cultural level, however, those two “civilizations that became countries” have very little in common. They are – as we said – different civilizations incomparable to each other due to several historical, cultural and social reasons. This thesis leads to a conclusion that a successful cooperation and interaction between Russia and China is possible only on political, tactical issues, but there could be no real “melting pot” between them. This does not mean they are bound to conflict, but it clearly shows the artificiality of their “everlasting friendship”. Political conjunctures are bound to change whereas civilizational factors lasts longer and this explains why Russia and China will never become as close as the try to show. For similarities between them are of tactical, political importance, whereas differences are of strategic, ontological nature.
Prawo ustrojowe państwa
Authors: Tkaczyński Jan Wiktor 
Published: September 2014

State law. About aporia of legal term in Polish and German science of politics
The cognitive object of the science of a state law is its political system. This definition, however, does not expand all the elements necessary to circumscribe the proper understanding of this concept. Referring to the etymology in German (Staatsrechtslehre), we are talking about the science of state law. Thus, the object of analysis, according to literal understanding of the concept, would be state (Staat), not his – anyhow defined – political system. This semantic inconvenience surprises here so far as it needs to be taken into account that for the ancient Greeks, not the state (πολιτεια), but politics (πολιτικά) meant the whole doctrine of state (πολιτική επιστήμη). Experience of the ancient Roman jurisprudence has brought in this issue fundamental change. From then on law, dichotomously divided according to the criterion of “benefits” (utilitas) into private (jus civile) and public (jus publicum), will be seen as a whole legal system that regulates social relations between people, people and assets and people and the state. In contrast, however, to the private law, protecting the interests of individuals, the task of public law is to guard the common interest, thereby bringing benefits to society as a whole.
Dialog międzykulturowy w społeczeństwach pluralistycznych
Authors: Paleczny Tadeusz 
Published: September 2014

Intercultural dialogue in pluralistic societies
Multiculturalism is the wide social and ideological context for the transcultural and cross cultural relations. The model of intercultural dialogue is an essence of fundamental patterns creating common two direction interactions not only in the symbolic sphere but as well in the field of political and economical bonds among different cultural groups. Intercultural dialogue as the consequence of pluralism in the multicultural societies is not only the form of intercultural communication, it serves also as a structural model of building the citizen democratic society. This model can exist within the appropriate forms of cultural orientations and identi-ties among members multicultural societies. The paper is dealing with the main rules and factors characterizing theoretical model of intercultural dialogue.
‘Ons is saam’ – Afrikaans metal and rebuilding whiteness in the Rainbow Nation
Authors: Hoad Catherine 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The South African general election of 1994 installed a democratic system of government in a nation that had ruptured by violent segregation since 1948. While the ‘miracle’ of the Rainbow Nation aimed for a unified state, the redistribution of power heralded by the rise of ‘new’ South Africa left much of the white Afrikaner population with a sense of loss. The task of the post-apartheid Afrikaner cultural industry is now concerned with finding a place for the Afrikaner in modern South Africa. As such, this article explores how ‘Afrikaans metal’ has been compliant in fostering a sense of community and encourages sentiments of localized belonging. The passion and dynamism of heavy metal allows for the proliferation of a metal scene explicitly concerned with the promotion of an Afrikaner identity, performing in Afrikaans and creating Afrikaans metal for South African metal fans. However, just as the Afrikaner community at large struggles to find a white identity untarnished by apartheid, Afrikaans metal fans and bands face a similarly complex mission. Afrikaans metal represents a site within which this ‘lost’ Afrikaner identity can be both reclaimed and contested, and thus renegotiates the role of Africa’s ‘white tribe’ into the twenty-first century.