bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Factors Influencing Economic Efficiency of the Hospital Bed Care in Terms of the Regional Allowance Organizations
Authors: Vaňková Ivana , Vrabková Iveta 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
This paper aims to provide an efficiency evaluation of selected hospital bed care providers during years 2010 -2012 with respect to selected factors: The size of the hospital establishment according to number of beds, number of hospitalized patients, the average length of stay per a patient in care, total staff cost calculated per bed, total revenues calculated per bed, and total costs calculated per bed. For this purpose, hospitals providing primarily acute bed care were chosen. From the legal point of view, they are allowance organizations of a particular region. The evaluation concerns both allocative efficiency and technical efficiency. The allocative efficiency is treated from the proper algorithm point of view and it compares total costs calculated per bed with total revenues calculated per bed. A method denominated Data Envelopment Analysis was applied for the calculation of the technical efficiency of units. To be more specific, it was input-oriented model with constant returns to scale (CCR). The input parameters involve the number of beds, the average length of stay and costs per day of stay. Output parameters were as follows: Bed occupancy in days and the number of hospitalized patients. The data published by the Institute of Health Information and Statistic of the Czech Republic and by ÚFIS system (the Data Base of Ministry of Finance of the Czech Republic) were used as the source of data. The evaluation implies that only three hospitals were economically-effective: Silesian Hospital in Opava, Hospital Jihlava, and TGM Hospital Hodonín. The most significant factor influencing the efficiency was determined - the average length of stay.
Therapeutic Hypothermia in Brain Trauma Injury: Controversies
Authors: Alvis-Miranda Hernando Raphael , Alcala-Cerra Gabriel , Rubiano Andres M. , Ramirez Omar , Moscote-Salazar Luis Rafael 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common cause of death and disability in developed countries. It is a major cause of mortality in young patients worldwide. Intracranial hypertension is the cause of death in more than 80% of patients with TBI. When secondary lesions occur, start a number of mechanisms that increase the metabolic injury to brain tissue. Induction of hypothermia has been shown to alter the natural course of the disease process. The biological foundations suggest that hypothermia may have a potential benefit, although some publications have shown no improvement, it is clear that in a group of mostly young patients, early hypothermia may be beneficial. We present a practical review of the literature on this subject.
Outcome of Operative Intervention in Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumours
Authors: Jaiswal Manish , Shyam Mittal Radhey 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Objective: The authors analysed the outcome of intramedullary spinal cord tumour surgery, focusing on the preoperative & postoperative neurological status and influence of preoperative gait status on postoperative gait.
Methods: Retrospective analysis of medical records of 53 intramedullary tumour patients, operated at our institute between Jan 2006 and July 2012 was done. Pre - and postoperative neurological status was determined. Preoperative MRI was done. Ambulatory status were evaluated using the modified McCormick Scale. All the patients were operated using standard microsurgical techniques. Extent of resection was quantified by direct visualization with microscope as: gross resection, subtotal resection, partial resection, and biopsy.
Results: 73.5% of the patients were in 40-60 years of age group (age range, 5-81 years; mean age 41 years). Region most commonly affected was thoracic (40%). The preoperative McCormick grade was I in 20 (37.7%), II in 16 (30.1%), III in 7 (13.2%), IV in 9 (16.9%), and V in 1 (1.88%) patients. Gross resection was possible in 54.7% of cases. Gross resection rate was significantly higher in good preoperative gait (grade - I). Histologically 41.5% of the lesions were ependymomas. Overall postoperative neurological status improved in 16 (30.3%) of the patients, remained unchanged in 27 (50.9%) of cases, and deteriorated in 10 (18.8%) patients.
Conclusions: Better final outcome of walking ability correlated with good preoperative gait. Higher Gross resection rate was found in cases at an early stage. We favor early and optimal resection of tumour to give least morbidity and better quality of life.
Glycemia in Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Clinical Implications
Authors: Alvis-Miranda Hernando , Alcala-Cerra Gabriel , Moscote-Salazar Luis Rafael 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Spontaneous cerebral hemorrhage or intracranial hemorrhage accounts for 10-15% of all strokes. Intracranial hemorrhage is much less common than ischemic stroke, but has higher mortality and morbidity, one of the leading causes of severe disability. Various alterations, among these the endocrine were identified when an intracerebral hemorrhage, these stress-mediated mechanisms exacerbate secondary injury. Deep knowledge of the injuries which are directly involved alterations of glucose, offers insight as cytotoxicity, neuronal death and metabolic dysregulations alter the prognosis of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.
Remote Supratentorial Hemorrhage After Posterior Fossa Surgery: A Brief Case Report
Authors: Moscote-Salazar Luis Rafael , Alcalá-Cerra Gabriel , Alvis-Miranda Hernando Raphael , Ramírez Omar , Calderón-Miranda Willem Guillermo , Rubiano Andrés M. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The supratentorial hemorrhage after posterior fossa surgery is an unusual but delicate complication that carries high mortality and morbidity. A 50 year old woman presented vertigo 6 months of evolution, which worsened in the last 2 months accompanied by ataxia. She showed left cerebellar signs, had no focal motor or sensory deficits. A brain MRI identified cerebellopontine angle lesion with mass effect. The patient was treated on suboccipital craniectomy and resection of right posterior fossa tumor, the histopathological diagnosis was consistent with typical meningioma. (WHO Class I).
The postoperative period was satisfactory. A month later, presented clinical symptoms of right-sided hemiparesis, brain CT revealed left frontal supratentorial hematoma, receiving conservative management. Patient was discharged after 10 days. Reports in the literature on this rare complication, detailed cases where the hematoma was presented in hours to days. To our knowledge this is the first report in the literature of supratentorial hemorrhage and posterior fossa surgery one month after the surgical procedure has been performed.
Intramedullary Mature Teratoma of Cervical Spine in an Infant: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Kumar Rakesh , Chanduka Amit , Purohit Devendra , Mittal Radhe Shyam , Kaushal Ronyl 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Spinal Teratomas are rare tumor and cervical intramedullary location in infancy still rarer. Only eleven cases of cervical intramedullary teratoma in pediatric patients is reported in available literature (1, ll). We are reporting a case of an infant presenting with cervical mature teratoma with associated dysraphism, adding the next in this rare case series. Arising as a result of dysembryogenesis, these lesions by virtue of their content are difficult to diagnose preoperatively. Heterogeneous intensities on MRI produced by intralesional lipomatous and osseous elements are helpful but rarely enough to diagnose the tumor. Histology is confirmatory. Mature teratomas generally have good prognosis and a timely intervention can prevent further neurological deterioration. However a strict clinical and radiological follow up is recommended.
“Panda Smiled Again - Credit Goes to Repeated Early Stage Computed Tomography Scan: An Interesting Case Report”
Authors: Jaiswal Manish , Gandhi Ashok , Purohit Devendra , Mittal R. S. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Extradural hematoma (EDH) is considered to be a rare in head trauma associated with arrested hydrocephalus, and represents a serious pathology from which complete recovery can be expected if urgent intervention done in time. In this case report, the authors present an arrested hydrocephalus patient who was apparently asymptomatic at the time of hospital admission with a mild head injury and developed rapidly increasing size of EDH. The value of repeated early Computed tomography (CT) scan and the pathogenesis of rapidly increasing size of EDH in arrested hydrocephalic patient are discussed.
Kick the Ball or Kicked the Ball? Perception of the Past Morpheme –ed by Second Language Learners
Authors: Bell Philippa , Trofimovich Pavel , Collins Laura 
Published: October 2014

Abstract: Explanations for the well-documented second language (L2) learning challenge of the English regular past include verb semantics (Bardovi-Harlig, 2000), phonetic properties (Goad, White, & Steele, 2003), and frequency factors (Collins, Trofimovich, White, Cardoso, & Horst, 2009). Difficulty perceiving past-tense morphology (i.e., hearing –ed in the input) has received less research attention. In this study, we explored the roles of three perceptual factors (phonological environment, speech rate, semantic clues) among 106 L2 learners and 81 English speakers of a similar age. Experiment 1 was a forced-choice auditory identification task contrasting perceptually ‘easy’ ([əd] + vowel) and ‘hard’ ([t] or [d] + consonant) regular past contexts at normal conversational speed. Experiment 2 contrasted easy and hard contexts at a slowed-down speech rate. Experiment 3 included time adverbials that matched or mismatched the tense marker (e.g., walked the dog now vs. walked the dog yesterday). The L2 learners behaved at just above chance at normal conversational speed in both contexts, and slowing speech down helped them in easy contexts only. The English speakers were more accurate in easy than in hard contexts regardless of speech rate. Both L2 learners and English speakers also relied on adverbials at the expense of the phonetic cue to past morphology (–ed). Implications of these findings for the roles of input and frequency in L2 learning, and for pronunciation teaching (i.e., setting reasonable learning goals) are discussed.
Cerebrospinal fluid disturbances after 381 consecutive craniotomies for intracranial tumors in pediatric patients
Authors: Hosainey Sayied Abdol Mohieb , Lassen Benjamin , Helseth Eirik , Meling Torstein R. 
Published: October 2014

Object
The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of CSF disturbances before and after intracranial surgery for pediatric brain tumors in a large, contemporary, single-institution consecutive series.

Methods
All pediatric patients (those < 18 years old), from a well-defined population of 3.0 million inhabitants, who underwent craniotomies for intracranial tumors at Oslo University Hospital in Rikshospitalet between 2000 and 2010 were included. The patients were identified from the authors' prospectively collected database. A thorough review of all medical charts was performed to validate all the database data.

Results
Included in the study were 381 consecutive craniotomies, performed on 302 patients (50.1% male, 49.9% female). The mean age of the patients in the study was 8.63 years (range 0–17.98 years). The follow-up rate was 100%. Primary craniotomies were performed in 282 cases (74%), while 99 cases (26%) were secondary craniotomies. Tumors were located supratentorially in 249 cases (65.3%), in the posterior fossa in 105 (27.6%), and in the brainstem/diencephalon in 27 (7.1%). The surgical approach was supratentorial in 260 cases (68.2%) and infratentorial in 121 (31.8%). Preoperative hydrocephalus was found in 124 cases (32.5%), and 71 (86.6%) of 82 achieved complete cure with tumor resection only. New-onset postoperative hydrocephalus was observed in 9 (3.5%) of 257 cases. The rate of postoperative CSF leaks was 6.3%.

Conclusions
Preoperative hydrocephalus was found in 32.5% of pediatric patients with brain tumors treated using craniotomies. Tumor resection alone cured preoperative hydrocephalus in 86.6% of cases and the incidence of new-onset hydrocephalus after craniotomy was only 3.5%.
Endoscopic disconnection of hypothalamic hamartomas: safety and feasibility of robot-assisted, thulium laser–based procedures
Authors: Calisto Amedeo , Dorfmüller Georg , Fohlen Martine , Bulteau Christine , Conti Alfredo , Delalande Olivier 
Published: October 2014

Object
Hypothalamic hamartomas (HH) may induce drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE), thereby requiring surgical treatment. Conventionally, treatment is aimed at removing the lesion, but a disconnection procedure has been shown to be safer and at least as effective. The thulium laser (Revolix) has been recently introduced in urological endoscopy because of its ability to deliver a smooth cut with good control of the extent of tissue damage. The authors sought to analyze the safety and efficacy of the thulium 2-μm laser applied through navigated, robot-assisted endoscopy in disconnection surgery for HHs.

Methods
Twenty patients with HH who were drug resistant were treated during a 12-month period. Conventional disconnection by monopolar coagulation (endoscopic electrode) was performed in 13 patients, and thulium laser disconnection was performed in the remaining 7 patients. The endoscope was inserted into the ventricle contralateral to the attachment of the HH on the third ventricular wall. Results in terms of safety, efficacy, and ease of use of the instrument were analyzed.

Results
All 20 patients achieved a satisfactory postoperative Engel score (Classes I–III). At 12 months, the Engel class was I or II in 8 of 13 patients (61.5%) who underwent monopolar coagulation and in 6 of 7 patients (85.7%) who underwent laser disconnection (p = 0.04). Seven of 13 patients (53.8%) who underwent monopolar coagulator disconnection and 2 of 7 patients (28.6%) who underwent laser disconnection had immediate postoperative complications. At the 3-month follow-up, only 2 patients (15.4%) treated by coagulation still experienced mild surgery-related recent memory deficits. No complications persisted at the 12-month follow-up.

Conclusions
The disconnection procedure is a safe and effective treatment strategy to treat drug-resistant epilepsy in patients with HHs. With the limitations of initial experience and a short-term follow-up, it appears that the thulium 2-μm laser has the technical features to replace the standard coagulation in this procedure.
Deep brain stimulation for the treatment of childhood dystonic cerebral palsy
Authors: Keen Joseph R. , Przekop Allison , Olaya Joffre E. , Zouros Alexander , Hsu Frank P. K. 
Published: October 2014

Object
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) for dystonic cerebral palsy (CP) has rarely been reported, and its efficacy, though modest when compared with that for primary dystonia, remains unclear, especially in the pediatric population. The authors present a small series of children with dystonic CP who underwent bilateral pallidal DBS, to evaluate the treatment's efficacy and safety in the pediatric dystonic CP population.

Methods
The authors conducted a retrospective review of patients (under the age of 18 years) with dystonic CP who had undergone DBS of the bilateral globus pallidus internus between 2010 and 2012. Two of the authors independently assessed outcomes using the Barry-Albright Dystonia Scale (BADS) and the Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale–movement (BFMDRS-M).

Results
Five children were diagnosed with dystonic CP due to insults occurring before the age of 1 year. Mean age at surgery was 11 years (range 8–17 years), and the mean follow-up was 26.6 months (range 2–42 months). The mean target position was 20.6 mm lateral to the midcommissural point. The mean preoperative and postoperative BADS scores were 23.8 ± 4.9 (range 18.5–29.0) and 20.0 ± 5.5 (range 14.5–28.0), respectively, with a mean overall percent improvement of 16.0% (p = 0.14). The mean preoperative and postoperative BFMDRS-M scores were 73.3 ± 26.6 (range 38.5–102.0) and 52.4 ± 21.5 (range 34.0–80.0), respectively, with a mean overall percent improvement of 28.5% (p = 0.10). Those stimulated at least 23 months (4 patients) improved 18.3% (p = 0.14) on the BADS and 30.5% (p = 0.07) on the BFMDRS-M. The percentage improvement per body region yielded conflicting results between rating scales; however, BFMDRS-M scores for speech showed some of the greatest improvements. Two patients required hardware removal (1 complete system, 1 unilateral electrode) within 4 months after implantation because of infections that resolved with antibiotics.

Conclusions
All postoperative dystonia rating scale scores improved with pallidal stimulation, and the greatest improvements occurred in those stimulated the longest. The results were modest but comparable to findings in other similar series. Deep brain stimulation remains a viable treatment option for childhood dystonic CP, although young children may have an increased risk of infection. Of particular note, improvements in the BFMDRS-M subscores for speech were comparable to those for other muscle groups, a finding not previously reported.
The Nationwide Inpatient Sample database does not accurately reflect surgical indications for fusion
Authors: Gologorsky Yakov , Knightly John J. , Chi John H. , Groff Michael W. 
Published: October 2014

Object
The rates of lumbar spinal fusion operations have increased dramatically over the past 2 decades, and several studies based on administrative databases such as the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) have suggested that the greatest rise is in the general categories of degenerative disc disease and disc herniation, neither of which is a well-accepted indication for lumbar fusion. The administrative databases classify cases with the International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM). The ICD-9-CM discharge codes are not generated by surgeons but rather are assigned by trained hospital medical coders. It is unclear how accurately they capture the surgeon's indication for fusion. The authors sought to compare the ICD-9-CM code(s) assigned by the medical coder to the surgeon's indication based on a review of the medical chart.

Methods
A retrospective review was undertaken of all lumbar fusions performed at our institution by the department of neurosurgery between 8/1/2011 and 8/31/2013. Based on the authors' review, the indication for fusion for each case was categorized as spondylolisthesis, deformity, tumor, infection, nonpathological fracture, pseudarthrosis, adjacent-level degeneration, stenosis, degenerative disc pathology, or disc herniation. These surgeon diagnoses were compared with the primary ICD-9-CM codes that were submitted to administrative databases.

Results
There were 178 lumbar fusion operations performed for 170 hospital admissions. There were 44 hospitalizations in which fusion was performed for tumor, infection, or nonpathological fracture; the remaining 126 were for degenerative diagnoses. For these degenerative cases, the primary ICD-9-CM diagnosis matched the surgeon's diagnosis in only 61 of 126 degenerative cases (48.4%). When both the primary and all secondary ICD-9-CM diagnoses were considered, the indication for fusion was identified in 100 of 126 cases (79.4%).

Conclusions
Characterizing indications for fusion based solely on primary ICD-9-CM codes extracted from large administrative databases does not accurately reflect the surgeon's indication. While these databases may accurately describe national rates of lumbar fusion surgery, the lack of fidelity in the source codes limits their role in accurately identifying indications for surgery. Studying relationships among indications, complications, and outcomes stratified solely by ICD-9-CM codes is not well founded.
Does patient ethnicity affect site of craniosynostosis?
Authors: Anderson Ian A. , Goomany Anand , Bonthron David T. , Bellew Maggie , Liddington Mark I. , Smith Ian M. , Russell John L. , Carter Lachlan M. , Guruswamy Velupandian , Goodden John R. , Chumas Paul D. 
Published: October 2014

Object
There are no published papers examining the role of ethnicity on suture involvement in nonsyndromic craniosynostosis. The authors sought to examine whether there is a significant difference in the epidemiological pattern of suture(s) affected between different ethnic groups attending a regional craniofacial clinic with a diagnosis of nonsyndromic craniosynostosis.

Methods
A 5-year retrospective case-notes analysis of all cases involving patients attending a regional craniofacial clinic was undertaken. Cases were coded for the patients' declared ethnicity, suture(s) affected by synostosis, and the decision whether to have surgical correction of synostosis. The chi-square test was used to determine whether there were any differences in site of suture affected between ethnic groups.

Results
A total of 312 cases were identified. Of these 312 cases, ethnicity data were available for 296 cases (95%). The patient population was dominated by 2 ethnic groups: white patients (222 cases) and Asian patients (56 cases). There were both more cases of complex synostosis and fewer cases of sagittal synostosis than expected in the Asian patient cohort (χ2 = 9.217, p = 0.027).

Conclusions
There is a statistically significant difference in the prevalence of the various sutures affected within the nonsyndromic craniosynostosis patient cohort when Asian patients are compared with white patients. The data from this study also suggest that nonsyndromic craniosynostosis is more prevalent in the Asian community than in the white community, although there may be inaccuracies in the estimates of the background population data. A larger-scale, multinational analysis is needed to further evaluate the relationship between ethnicity and nonsyndromic craniosynostosis.