bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methods for Color Center Preserving Hydrogen‐Termination of Diamond
Authors: McCloskey Daniel J. , Roberts Daniel , Rodgers Lila V. H. , Barsukov Yuri , Kaganovich Igor D. , Simpson David A. , de Leon Nathalie P. , Stacey Alastair , Dontschuk Nikolai 
Published: July 2024

AbstractChemical functionalization of diamond surfaces by hydrogen is an important method for controlling the charge state of near‐surface fluorescent color centers, an essential process in fabricating devices such as diamond field‐effect transistors and chemical sensors, and a required first step for realizing families of more complex terminations through subsequent chemical processing. In all these cases, termination is typically achieved using hydrogen plasma sources that can etch or damage the diamond, as well as deposited materials or embedded color centers. This work explores alternative methods for lower‐damage hydrogenation of diamond surfaces, specifically the annealing of diamond samples in high‐purity, non‐explosive mixtures of nitrogen and hydrogen gas, and the exposure of samples to microwave hydrogen plasmas in the absence of intentional stage heating. The effectiveness of these methods are characterized by x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and comparison of the results to density‐functional modelling of the surface hydrogenation energetics implicates surface oxygen ligands as the primary factor limiting the termination quality of annealed samples. Finally, photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy is used to verify that both the annealing and reduced sample temperature plasma methods are non‐destructive to near‐surface ensembles of nitrogen‐vacancy (NV) centers, in stark contrast to plasma treatments that use heated sample stages.
Gradient‐Interpenetrating Polymer Networks in 3D Printed Lattices for Tunable and Enhanced Energy Absorption
Authors: Sampson Kathleen L. , Li Hao , Laqua Kurtis , Aranguren van Egmond Derek , Dickson Laura E. , Barroeta Robles Julieta , Lamouche Justin , Guthrie Aria , Ashrafi Behnam , Zou Shan , Chen Maohui , Bell Joshua , Paquet Chantal 
Published: July 2024

Abstract3D printing provides the potential to enhance mechanical properties by fabricating complex structures with diverse materials; however, most high‐resolution 3D printing techniques require custom printers to incorporate multiple materials and/or result in poor material interfacial bonding. Here, energy absorption properties are enhanced with 3D lattice structures fabricated via vat photopolymerization comprising multiple materials forming a gradient‐interpenetrating polymer network (gradient‐IPN). The gradient‐IPN is incorporated by swelling the 3D printed elastomeric lattice in a photoresin that yields a stiff shell‐soft core structure. This straightforward post‐3D printing technique delivers an unprecedented degree of structural property customization through polymer gradients in lattice struts with shells of tunable stiffness and flexible elastomeric cores to achieve a broad continuum spectrum of mechanical properties within one simple system. The gradient aids in the distribution of stress and limits fracture between materials typically observed in multimaterial lattices. The gradient‐IPN lattices are fully recoverable and exhibit over 4 to 33 times higher toughness after compression, compared to copolymer (same composition as the gradient‐IPN) or purely elastomeric lattices, respectively. This highly versatile approach to modifying 3D printed lattices yields the unique combination of load bearing capabilities with viscoelasticity desirable for high performance materials in impact protection.
Wafer‐Scale Demonstration of Polycrystalline MoS2 Growth on 200 mm Glass and SiO2/Si Substrates by Plasma‐Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: Jagosz Julia , Willeke Leander , Gerke Nils , Becher Malte J. M. J. , Plate Paul , Kostka Aleksander , Rogalla Detlef , Ostendorf Andreas , Bock Claudia 
Published: July 2024

Abstract2D materials like transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have been widely studied and are a gateway to modern technologies. While research today is mostly carried out on a laboratory scale, there is an intensive need for reliable processes on a wafer‐scale, starting with monolayer‐precise deposition of high‐quality films. In this work, a plasma‐enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) process is developed on a 200 mm SiO2/Si substrate. The layers are investigated regarding crystallinity, composition, homogeneity, microstructure, topography, and electrical properties. The process is then applied on 200 mm alkali‐free glass wafers aiming toward flexible electronics and compatibility with Si processes. A complete coverage of the wafer with a satisfying uniformity is achieved on both substrates and direct polycrystalline growth of MoS2 films is verified on the entire wafer at a substrate temperature of T = 230 °C. On glass, the deposited MoS2 films exhibit a higher crystallinity and are more planar compared to the SiO2/Si substrate. Furthermore, application relevant few‐nanometer thick layers are investigated in detail. This low‐temperature process inspires optimism for future direct integration of 2D‐materials in an economical bottom‐up approach on a wide variety of substrates, thus paving the way for industrial mass production.
Highly Stable Red Emissive Organic Semiconductor Materials with Low Amplified Spontaneous Emission Thresholds
Authors: Rahane Vijay P. , Roseli Ras Baizureen , Ireland Alexander R. , Gale Innes , Shukla Atul , Moore Evan G. , Krenske Elizabeth H. , Namdas Ebinazar B. , Jain Nidhi , Lo Shih‐Chun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractExcited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) chromophores have attracted considerable attention as promising gain media for organic lasers, particularly in amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) due to their advantageous characteristics. These include an intrinsic four‐level photocycle, significant separation between absorption and emission spectra, and enhanced emission efficiency facilitated by aggregate‐induced emission. This study investigates the amplification of π‐conjugation in hydroxyphenyl‐benzothiazole (HBT)‐based ESIPT materials via dimerization to intensify ESIPT processes, surge absorption cross‐section, enhance optical gain, and induce a redshift in emission spectra. Computational study shows that the ESIPT processes of the new dimers proceed through single proton transfer where the second proton transfer is not accessible. While the ESIPT photocycle does not extend to both HBT moieties of the dimers, the dimers foster more efficient ESIPT processes in both solution and solid states than their parent HBT, resulting in substantial Stokes shifts (>233 nm). Moreover, both dimers exhibit enhanced solid‐state photoluminescence quantum yields, reaching up to ≈55%, and low solid‐state ASE threshold values (≈6.8 µJ cm−2) in the red region. Remarkably, the new dimers demonstrate excellent thermal and photostability with notably reduced spectral overlap compared to their parent, highlighting the potential utility of the approaches to developing new organic solid‐state laser materials.
Sensors for Antibiotics Susceptibility Testing—Recent Advances
Authors: Riester Oliver , Laufer Stefan , Mertelsmann Roland , Deigner Hans‐Peter 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe age of antibiotics, which began with the discovery of penicillin in 1929, marks an important period in medical history, as deadly bacterial infections seemed to be a thing of the past. However, the tide turned as more and more resistance to all existing antibiotics emerged, leading to the still ongoing era of antibiotic resistance. To counter this development and slow it down, it is important to administer the appropriate, effective antibiotics, which requires the clinical transition from empirical to targeted antibiotic therapy. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is a key pillar in the implementation of targeted antibiotic therapy. This review provides an overview of the different phenotypic and genotypic AST methods with their advantages and disadvantages, focusing on the turnaround time from patient to result, including preculture. In addition, an outlook on their future potential is given, also considering the impact of artificial intelligence on this field.
Role of Al Vacancies in Thermodynamic Stability and Elastic Properties of AlB2${\rm AlB}_{2}$‐type (Ta,Al)B2${\rm B}_{2}$: A First‐Principles Study
Authors: Ektarawong Annop , Atthapak Chayanon , Alling Björn 
Published: July 2024

Abstract‐type is one of the transition‐metal diborides, a class of refractory ceramics, that has increasingly received attention due particularly to their potential for hard‐coating applications. In this work, the first‐principles calculations are performed, in combination with the cluster‐expansion method, to investigate the effect of mixing with on the thermodynamic stability, structural parameters, electronic density of states, and mechanical behavior of the resulting (Ta,Al) solid solutions. It is found that the solid solutions display the chemical ordering of Ta and Al atoms both residing on the metal sublattice of the material, together with the preference for partial substitution of vacancies for Al atoms. This results in the formation of Al‐deficient (Ta,Al) with the chemical composition , predicted to be thermodynamically stable even at absolute zero in the ternary Ta−Al−B system. It is further found that such formation of Al vacancies in (Ta,Al) not only enhances the stability of the solutions but also improves their elastic properties and hardness, both of which could be attributed to the effect of electronic band filling. This investigation indeed sheds light on the interplay between the mixing of Ta and Al atoms and the presence of Al vacancies on the alloying and mechanical behaviors of (Ta,Al), and it thus offers valuable insights for further research and development of these ceramics.
High‐n Phase Suppression for Efficient and Stable Blue Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Shen Piaoyang , Ding Shuo , Tang Zhaobing , Qian Lei , Zhang Ting , Xiao Peng , Chen Tao , Chen Hao , Zhang Xinyu , Ren Yong , Zhao Dewei , Xiang Chaoyu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractQuasi‐2D perovskites light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have achieved significant progress due to their superior optical and electronic properties. However, the blue PeLEDs still exist inefficient energy transfer and electroluminescence performance caused by mixed multidimensional phase distribution. In this work, transition metal salt (zinc bromide, ZnBr2) is introduced to modulate phase distributions by suppressing the nucleation of high n phase perovskites, which effectively shortens the energy transfer path for blue emission. Moreover, ZnBr2 also facilitates energy level matching and reduces non‐radiative recombination, thus improving electroluminescence (EL) efficiency. Benefiting from these combined improvements, an efficient blue PeLEDs is obtained with a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 16.2% peaking located at 486 nm. This work provides a promising approach to tune phase distribution of quasi‐2D perovskites and achieving highly efficient blue PeLEDs.
Reprogramming of the Aurantinin Polyketide Assembly Line to Synthesize Auritriacids by Excising an Atypical Enoyl‐CoA Hydratase Domain
Authors: Wang Dacheng , Mao Huijin , Zhao Zelian , Liu Lilu , Chen Yihua , Li Pengwei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractModular polyketide synthases (PKSs) are capable of synthesizing diverse natural products with fascinating bioactivities. Canonical enoyl‐CoA hydratases (ECHs) are components of the β‐branching cassette that modifies the polyketide chain by adding a β‐methyl branch. Herein, it is demonstrated that the deletion of an atypical ECHQ domain (featuring a Q280 residue) of Art21, a didomain protein contains an ECHQ domain and a thioesterase (TE) domain, reprograms the polyketide assembly line from synthesizing tetracyclic aurantinins (ARTs) to bicyclic auritriacids (ATAs) with much lower antibacterial activities. Genes encoding the ECHQ‐TE didomain proteins distribute in many PKS gene clusters from different bacteria. Significantly, the ART PKS machinery can be directed to make ARTs, ATAs, or both of them by employing appropriate ECHQ‐TE proteins, implying a great potential for using this reprogramming strategy in polyketide structure diversification.
On‐farm foliar application of a humic biostimulant increases the yield of rice
Authors: Izquierdo Juan , Arriagada Osvin , García‐Pintos Gustavo , Ortiz Rodomiro , García‐Pintos Martín , García‐Pintos Marcelo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBiostimulants play a crucial role in enhancing crop yields while promoting sustainability and environmental responsibility. Evaluating the efficacy of biostimulants on‐farm requires rigorous, multiyear trials conducted across various locations and with different cultivars. This study was conducted in Uruguay from 2015 to 2023 to assess the impact of a single application of a humic biostimulant (HB) during the R3 phenological stage on irrigated rice (Oryza sativa L.). The study encompassed 103 farms situated in diverse cropping zones, each characterized by distinct cultivars, soil qualities, radiation, and temperature conditions across the East and North regions. Results revealed that the HB treatment elicited an average yield increase of 7.4% across all sites. Notably, 93% (97) of the trials exhibited a positive yield response, with an average increase of 8.5%, while only six trials (all in the eastern zone) showed a negative response to the HB treatment. A combined analysis of variance indicated that the biostimulant's effect did not significantly differ between production zones, years, or rice cultivars when negative responses were excluded. Furthermore, relationships with environmental variables were nonsignificant, underscoring the positive effect of the biostimulant regardless of location. These findings hold significant implications for Uruguay's rice sector, that is, integrating HBs into standard management practices could substantially boost irrigated rice yields in rice‐producing areas.
Evidence for human‐caused founder effect in populations of Solanum jamesii at archaeological sites: II. Genetic sequencing establishes ancient transport across the Southwest USA
Authors: Pavlik Bruce M. , del Rio Alfonso , Bamberg John , Louderback Lisbeth A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPremiseThe domestication of wild plant species can begin with gathering and transport of propagules by Indigenous peoples. The effect on genomic composition, especially in clonal, self‐incompatible perennials would be instantaneous and drastic with respect to new, anthropogenic populations subsequently established. Reductions in genetic diversity and mating capability would be symptomatic and the presence of unique alleles and genetic sequences would reveal the origins and ancestry of populations associated with archaeological sites. The current distribution of the Four Corners potato, Solanum jamesii Torr. in the Southwestern USA, may thus reflect the early stages of a domestication process that began with tuber transport.MethodsHerein genetic sequencing (GBS) data are used to further examine the hypothesis of domestication in this culturally significant species by sampling 25 archaeological and non‐archaeological populations.ResultsArchaeological populations from Utah, Colorado and northern Arizona have lower levels of polymorphic loci, unique alleles, and heterozygosity than non‐archaeological populations from the Mogollon region of central Arizona and New Mexico. Principle components analysis, Fst values, and structure analysis revealed that genetic relationships among archaeological populations did not correspond to geographic proximity. Populations in Escalante, Utah were related to those on the Mogollon Rim (400 km south) and had multiple origins and significant disjunctions with those populations in Bears Ears, Chaco Canyon, and Mesa Verde sites.ConclusionsMovement of tubers from the Mogollon region may have occurred many times and in multiple directions during the past, resulting in the complex genetic patterns seen in populations from across the Four Corners region.
American Rhinologic Society expert practice statement part 2: Postoperative precautions and management principles following endoscopic skull base surgery
Authors: Douglas Jennifer E. , Adappa Nithin D. , Choby Garret , Levine Corinna G. , Rabinowitz Mindy R. , Sindwani Raj , Wang Eric W. , Woodworth Bradford A. , Kuan Edward C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe goal of this American Rhinologic Society expert practice statement (EPS) is to summarize the best available evidence regarding postoperative precautions for patients following endoscopic skull base surgery for intradural pathology. These topics include the administration of postoperative nasal hygiene; patient mobilization and activity level; the resumption of continuous positive airway pressure in patients with obstructive sleep apnea; and the timing and capacity with which a patient may be subjected to barotrauma, such as air travel postoperatively. This EPS was developed following the recommended methodology and approval process as previously outlined. Given the diverse practices and limited agreement on the accepted principles regarding postoperative precautions for patients following skull base surgery, this EPS seeks to summarize the existing literature and provide clinically relevant guidance to bring clarity to these differing practice patterns. Following a modified Delphi approach, four statements were developed, all of which reached consensus. Because of the paucity of literature on these topics, these statements represent a summation of the limited literature and the experts’ opinions. These statements and the accompanying evidence are summarized below, along with an assessment of future needs.
Tau‐mediated synaptic dysfunction is coupled with HCN channelopathy
Authors: Goniotaki Despoina , Tamagnini Francesco , Biasetti Luca , Rumpf Svenja‐Lotta , Troakes Claire , Pollack Saskia J. , Ukwesa Shalom , Sun Haoyue , Kraev Igor , Serpell Louise C. , Noble Wendy , Staras Kevin , Hanger Diane P. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONIn tauopathies, altered tau processing correlates with impairments in synaptic density and function. Changes in hyperpolarization‐activated cyclic nucleotide‐gated (HCN) channels contribute to disease‐associated abnormalities in multiple neurodegenerative diseases.METHODSTo investigate the link between tau and HCN channels, we performed histological, biochemical, ultrastructural, and functional analyses of hippocampal tissues from Alzheimer's disease (AD), age‐matched controls, Tau35 mice, and/or Tau35 primary hippocampal neurons.RESULTSExpression of specific HCN channels is elevated in post mortem AD hippocampus. Tau35 mice develop progressive abnormalities including increased phosphorylated tau, enhanced HCN channel expression, decreased dendritic branching, reduced synapse density, and vesicle clustering defects. Tau35 primary neurons show increased HCN channel expression enhanced hyperpolarization‐induced membrane voltage “sag” and changes in the frequency and kinetics of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents.DISCUSSIONOur findings are consistent with a model in which pathological changes in tauopathies impact HCN channels to drive network‐wide structural and functional synaptic deficits.Highlights
Hyperpolarization‐activated cyclic nucleotide‐gated (HCN) channels are functionally linked to the development of tauopathy.
Expression of specific HCN channels is elevated in the hippocampus in Alzheimer's disease and the Tau35 mouse model of tauopathy.
Increased expression of HCN channels in Tau35 mice is accompanied by hyperpolarization‐induced membrane voltage “sag” demonstrating a detrimental effect of tau abnormalities on HCN channel function.
Tau35 expression alters synaptic organization, causing a loosened vesicle clustering phenotype in Tau35 mice.
Metabolic Response to Small Molecule Therapy in Colorectal Cancer Tracked with Raman Spectroscopy and Metabolomics
Authors: Cutshaw Gabriel , Joshi Neeraj , Wen Xiaona , Quam Elizabeth , Bogatcheva Galina , Hassan Nora , Uthaman Saji , Waite Joshua , Sarkar Soumik , Singh Bhuminder , Bardhan Rizia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDespite numerous screening tools for colorectal cancer (CRC), 25 % of patients are diagnosed with advanced disease. Novel diagnostic technologies that are early, accurate, and rapid are imperative to assess the therapeutic efficacy of clinical drugs and identify new biomarkers of treatment response. Here Raman spectroscopy (RS) was used to track metabolic reprogramming in KRAS‐mutant HCT116 and SW837 cells, and KRAS wild‐type CC cells. RS combined with multivariate analysis methods distinguished nonresponsive, partially responsive, and responsive cells treated with cetuximab, a monoclonal antibody for EGFR inhibition, sotorasib, a clinically approved KRAS inhibitor, and various doses of trametinib, an inhibitor of the MAPK pathway. Cells treated with a combination of subtoxic doses of trametinib and BKM120, an inhibitor of the PI3K pathway, showed a synergistic response between the two pathways. Using a supervised machine learning regression model, we established a scoring methodology trained to a priori predict therapeutic response to new treatment combinations. RS metabolites were verified with mass spectrometry, and enrichment pathways were identified, including amino acid, purine, and nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism that differentiated monotherapy from combination therapy. Our approach may ultimately be applicable to patient‐derived primary cells and cultures of patient tumors to predict effective drugs for individualized care.
Mutualistic Synthesis from Orthogonal Dynamic Covalent Reactions
Authors: Lyu Yonglei , Hu Ying , Yang Jinghui , Wang Xin , Li Jianwei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMutualisms are interactions that benefit all species involved. It has been widely investigated in neighbouring subjects, such as biology, ecology, sociology, and economics. However, such a reciprocal relationship in synthetic chemical systems has rarely been studied. Here, we demonstrate a mutualistic synthesis where byproducts from two orthogonal chemical reactions aid each other′s production. Disulfide exchange and hydrazone exchange were chosen to generate two dynamic combinatorial libraries. A minor tetrameric macrocycle from the active disulfide library was quantitatively amplified in the presence of the hydrazone library. This incorporation also turned on the previously inert hydrazone reaction, producing a linear species that formed a “handcuffs” catenane with the disulfide tetramer. These findings not only lend robust support to the hypothesis of “RNA‐peptide coevolution” for the origin of life but also broaden the scope of synthetic chemistry, highlighting the untapped potential of minor products from different reactions. Additionally, the co‐self‐assembly of these mutualistic entities to form supramolecular structures opens new avenues for future development of composite nanosystems with synergistic properties.