bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cholesteatoma and meningoencephalitis in a dog with chronic otitis externa
Authors: Newman Ashleigh W. , Estey Chelsie M. , McDonough Sean , Cerda‐Gonzalez Sofia , Larsen Meegan , Stokol Tracy 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA 10‐year‐old female spayed German Shepherd dog, with a year‐long history of recurrent left ear infections, was presented for progressive ataxia, head tilt, and pain on opening of the mouth. On physical examination, a large amount of ceruminous debris was present in the left ear and multiple neurologic defects localizing to the cerebellum and vestibular system were identified. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a minimally contrast‐enhancing mass within the left bulla, an intracranial space‐occupying, heterogeneously contrast‐enhancing lesion at the level of the left cerebello‐medullary junction, and contrast enhancement of the ipsilateral meninges. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed a marked mixed cell pleocytosis (nucleated cell count 655 cells/μL). The mass was visualized within the horizontal ear canal by otoscopic examination and a biopsy was taken. Impression smears of the biopsy contained many anucleate keratinized squamous epithelial cells, mild mixed inflammation, and few presumptive fibroblasts. With the provided clinical history andMRIfindings, a cytologic diagnosis of cholesteatoma was made. A ventral bulla osteotomy was performed, and histopathologic examination of resected tissue confirmed the cytologic diagnosis of cholesteatoma. The dog's clinical symptoms improved postoperatively, but the dog died of unrelated causes, 3.5 months later. To our knowledge, this is the first description of the cytologic features of a cholesteatoma, which is a nonneoplastic, but locally invasive epidermoid cyst, in the middle ear of dogs.
Energy Expenditure in Low Active Overweight and Obese Children at Varying Treadmill Grades
Authors: Paya Noemi Serra , Ensenyat Assumpta , Real Jordi Gatius , Blanco Alfonso 
Published: November 2014

This study aimed to evaluate differences between low active overweight and obese children in terms of energy expenditure (EE), ventilation (VE), and cardiac response during graded submaximal treadmill testing at constant speed.Methods:We categorized 20 children into two weight groups according to the International Obesity Task Force criteria: overweight (n = 10; age = 9.7 ±1.34 years) and obese (n = 10; age = 10.4 ± 1.4 years). Children performed treadmill testing at a constant speed (1.53 ms1) and increasing grade (0%, 4%, and 8%). every 3 min.Results:The EE across all grades was significantly higher (p < .001) in obese than in overweight children. Differences at each grade disappeared when EE was adjusted by body mass; however, several differences remained when the EE was adjusted by fat-free mass or body surface area. The increase in EE with increasing grade was greater in obese children (effect size between 0% and 8% for EE was 1.17). BMI z-score and fat mass (kg) were the main predictors of EE (Kcal·min1) and contributed to explaining 66%, 70%, and 83.4% of the variance in EE at 0%, 4% and 8% gradients respectively.Conclusion:We suggest that when assessing EE response to exercise, the degree of obesity should be taken into consideration.
Distributed Generation Placement for Power Distribution Networks
Authors: Chen Xiaodao , Hu Shiyan 
Published: November 2014

Growing concerns on the energy crisis impose great challenges in development and deployment of the smart grid technologies into the existing electrical power system. A key enabling technology in smart grid is distributed generation, which refers to the technology that power generating sources are located in a highly distributed fashion and each customer is both a consumer and a producer for energy. An important optimization problem in distributed generation design is the insertion of distributed generators (DGs), which are often renewable resources exploiting e.g., photovoltaic, hydro, wind, ocean energy. In this paper, a new power loss filtering based sensitivity guided cross entropy (CE) algorithm is proposed for the distributed generator insertion problem. This algorithm is based on the advanced CE optimization technique which exploits the idea of importance sampling in performing optimization. Our experimental results demonstrate that on large distribution networks, our algorithm can largely reduce (up to 179.3%) power loss comparing to a state-of-the-art sensitivity guided greedy algorithm with small runtime overhead. In addition, our algorithm runs about 5× faster than the classical CE algorithm due to the integration of power loss filtering and sensitivity optimization. Moreover, all existing techniques only test on very small distribution systems (usually with < 50 nodes) while our experiments are performed on the distribution networks with up to 5000 nodes, which matches the realistic setup. These demonstrate the practicality of the proposed algorithm.
Extinction in a discrete Lotka–Volterra competitive system with the effect of toxic substances and feedback controls
Authors: Chen Lijuan , Chen Fengde 
Published: November 2014

In this paper, we consider a discrete Lotka–Volterra competitive system with the effect of toxic substances and feedback controls. By using the method of discrete Lyapunov function and by developing a new analysis technique, we obtain the sufficient conditions which guarantee that one of the two species will be driven to extinction while the other will be permanent. We improve the corresponding results of Li and Chen [Extinction in two-dimensional discrete Lotka–Volterra competitive system with the effect of toxic substances, Dynam. Contin. Discrete Impuls. Syst. Ser. B Appl. Algorithms 15 (2008) 165–178]. Also, an example together with their numerical simulations shows the feasibility of our main results. It is shown that toxic substances and feedback control variables play an important role in the dynamics of the system.
Stochastic Parameterization of Convective Area Fractions with a Multicloud Model Inferred from Observational Data
Authors: Dorrestijn Jesse , Crommelin Daan T. , Siebesma A. Pier , Jonker Harmen J. J. , Jakob Christian 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Observational data of rainfall from a rain radar in Darwin, Australia, are combined with data defining the large-scale dynamic and thermodynamic state of the atmosphere around Darwin to develop a multicloud model based on a stochastic method using conditional Markov chains. The authors assign the radar data to clear sky, moderate congestus, strong congestus, deep convective, or stratiform clouds and estimate transition probabilities used by Markov chains that switch between the cloud types and yield cloud-type area fractions. Cross-correlation analysis shows that the mean vertical velocity is an important indicator of deep convection. Further, it is shown that, if conditioned on the mean vertical velocity, the Markov chains produce fractions comparable to the observations. The stochastic nature of the approach turns out to be essential for the correct production of area fractions. The stochastic multicloud model can easily be coupled to existing moist convection parameterization schemes used in general circulation models.
Quantifying High-Frequency Wind Energy Flux into Near-Inertial Motions in the Southeast Pacific
Authors: Kilbourne Byron F. , Girton James B. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWind-forced internal waves close to the inertial frequency are ubiquitous throughout the world’s oceans, but observational constraints on their global energetics and impact on subsurface mixing remain scarce. This study reports on velocity measurements from three Electromagnetic Autonomous Profiling Explorers (EM-APEX) deployed in February 2009. These floats observed downward-propagating near-inertial internal waves near the Subantarctic and Polar Fronts of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. These waves were episodic and enhanced at middepth between 500 and 1000 m. Depth-integrated kinetic energy varied between 1 and 7 kJ m−2 and averaged 1.6 kJ m−2 with typical group velocities of 40 m day−1, implying an average energy flux of 3 mW m−2 at the mixed layer base decreasing to approximately 25% of that value at 1500 m. Modeled currents forced by reanalysis winds along each float track agree with observed surface currents from EM-APEX, provided that mixed layer depth is restricted to the layer of weakest observable stratification (interpreted as the maximum depth that can remain mixed over an inertial period given the continual balance between mixing and restratification). This model estimates an average wind power of 3 mW m−2. Shipboard wind and current observations during a strong storm show an integrated wind work of 3.5 kJ m−2, comparable to the vertically integrated kinetic energy over the following month. Model wind work estimates are considerably less, likely because of the mixed layer depth used. A model with varying stratification in response to the wind provides a better match to the observations, emphasizing the importance of stratification within the mixed layer in amplifying wind energy input.
Asymmetric Radar Echo Patterns from Insects
Authors: Melnikov Valery M. , Istok Michael J. , Westbrook John K. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractRadar echoes from insects, birds, and bats in the atmosphere exhibit both symmetry and asymmetry in polarimetric patterns. Symmetry refers to similar magnitudes of polarimetric variables at opposite azimuths, and asymmetry relegates to differences in these magnitudes. Asymmetry can be due to different species observed at different azimuths. It is shown in this study that when both polarized waves are transmitted simultaneously, asymmetric patterns can also be caused by insects of the same species that are oriented in the same direction. A model for scattering of simultaneously transmitted horizontally and vertically polarized radar waves by insects is developed. The model reproduces the main features of asymmetric patterns in differential reflectivity: the copolar correlation coefficient and the differential phase. The radar differential phase on transmit between horizontally and vertically polarized waves plays a critical role in the formations of the asymmetric patterns. The width-to-length ratios of insects’ bodies and their orientation angles are retrieved from matching the model output with radar data.
Climate Change and the Impact of Extreme Temperatures on Aviation
Authors: Coffel E. , Horton R. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Temperature and airport elevation significantly influence the maximum allowable takeoff weight of an aircraft by changing the surface air density and thus the lift produced at a given speed. For a given runway length, airport elevation, and aircraft type, there is a temperature threshold above which the airplane cannot take off at its maximum weight and thus must be weight restricted. The number of summer days necessitating weight restriction has increased since 1980 along with the observed increase in surface temperature. Climate change is projected to increase mean temperatures at all airports and to significantly increase the frequency and severity of extreme heat events at some. These changes will negatively affect aircraft performance, leading to increased weight restrictions, especially at airports with short runways and little room to expand. For a Boeing 737-800 aircraft, it was found that the number of weight-restriction days between May and September will increase by 50%–200% at four major airports in the United States by 2050–70 under the RCP8.5 emissions scenario. These performance reductions may have a negative economic effect on the airline industry. Increased weight restrictions have previously been identified as potential impacts of climate change, but this study is the first to quantify the effect of higher temperatures on commercial aviation. Planning for changes in extreme heat events will help the aviation industry to reduce its vulnerability to this aspect of climate change.
Lobular breast cancers lack the inverse relationship between ER/PR status and cell growth rate characteristic of ductal cancers in two independent patient cohorts: implications for tumor biology and adjuvant therapy
Authors: Wong Hilda , Lau Silvia , Cheung Polly , Wong Ting Ting , Parker Andrew , Yau Thomas , Epstein Richard J 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundAlthough invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) of the breast differs from invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) in numerous respects - including its genetics, clinical phenotype, metastatic pattern, and chemosensitivity - most experts continue to manage ILC and IDC identically in the adjuvant setting. Here we address this discrepancy by comparing early-stage ILC and IDC in two breast cancer patient cohorts of differing nationality and ethnicity.MethodsThe clinicopathologic features of 2029 consecutive breast cancer patients diagnosed in Hong Kong (HK) and Australia (AUS) were compared. Interrelationships between tumor histology and other clinicopathologic variables, including ER/PR and Ki67, were analysed.ResultsTwo hundred thirty-nine patients were identified with ILC (11.8%) and 1790 patients with IDC. AUS patients were older (p<0.001) and more often postmenopausal (p<0.03) than HK patients. As expected, ILC tumors were lower in grade and proliferative rate, and more often ER-positive and HER2-negative, than IDC (p<0.002); yet despite this, ILC tumors were as likely as IDC to present with nodal metastases (p>0.7). Moreover, whereas IDC tumors exhibited a strongly negative relationship between ER/PR and Ki67 status (p<0.0005), ILC tumors failed to demonstrate any such inverse relationship (p>0.6).ConclusionThese data imply that the primary adhesion defect in ILC underlies a secondary stromal-epithelial disconnect between hormonal signaling and tumor growth, suggesting in turn that this peritumoral feedback defect could reduce both the antimetastatic (adjuvant) and tumorilytic (palliative) efficacy of cytotoxic therapies for such tumors. Hence, we caution against assuming similar adjuvant chemotherapeutic survival benefits for ILC and IDC tumors with similar ER and Ki67, whether based on immunohistochemical or gene expression assays.
Kinky choices, dictators and split might: a non-cooperative model for household consumption and labor supply
Authors: Boone Jan , der Wiel Karen van , Soest Arthur van , Vermeulen Frederic 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
We model consumption and labor supply behavior of a couple in a non-cooperative setting. Using minimal assumptions, we prove that demand for public goods is characterized by three regimes. It is either determined by the preferences of one of the partners only (Husband Dictatorship or Wife Dictatorship), or by both spouses’ preferences, in which case each partner’s influence depends on the relative wage rates (Split Might). The model is illustrated empirically using a sample drawn from the Consumer Expenditure Survey (CEX) where expenditures on children’s goods are a public good in both spouses’ preferences. It turns out that the spending pattern reflects the husband’s preferences in about 54% of the couples in our sample. Still, in about 45% of the households, the wife acts as a dictator. Somewhat less than 1% of the couples is characterized by a split might regime.

JEL-classification

D11; D12; D13.
In-work benefits for married couples: an ex-ante evaluation of EITC and WTC policies in Italy
Authors: Luca Giuseppe De , Rossetti Claudio , Vuri Daniela 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
This paper investigates labor supply and redistributive effects of in-work benefits for Italian married couples using a tax-benefit microsimulation model and a multi-sectoral discrete choice model of labor supply. We consider in-work benefits based on the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) and the Working Tax Credit (WTC) existing in the US and the UK, respectively. The standard design of these income support mechanisms is however augmented with a premium for two-earner households to avoid potential disincentive effects on secondary earners. Revenue neutral policy simulations show that our reforms may greatly improve the current Italian tax-benefit system in terms of both incentive and redistributive effects. Furthermore, neglecting sector-specific attributes of the various job opportunities may lead to overstated estimates of the policy effects.

JEL classification

I38; H31; H53
Cloud identity management security issues & solutions: a taxonomy
Authors: Habiba Umme , Masood Rahat , Shibli Muhammad Awais , Niazi Muaz A 
Published: November 2014

Abstract

Purpose
Cloud computing systems represent one of the most complex computing systems currently in existence. Current applications of Cloud involve extensive use of distributed systems with varying degree of connectivity and usage. With a recent focus on large-scale proliferation of Cloud computing, identity management in Cloud based systems is a critical issue for the sustainability of any Cloud-based service. This area has also received considerable attention from the research community as well as the IT industry. Numerous Cloud Identity Management Systems (IDMSs) have been proposed so far; however, most of those systems are neither widely accepted nor considered highly reliable due to their constraints in terms of scope, applicability and security. In order to achieve reliability and effectiveness in IDMs for Cloud, further extensive research needs to be carried out to critically examine Cloud based IDMSs and their level of security.

Methods
In this work, we have holistically analyzed Cloud IDMSs to better understand the general as well as the security aspects of this domain. From the security perspective, we present a comprehensive list of attacks that occur frequently in Cloud based IDMSs. In order to alleviate those attacks, we present a well-organized taxonomy tree covering the most desired features essential for any Cloud-based IDMSs. Additionally, we have specified various mechanisms of realization (such as access control polices, encryption, self-service) against each of the features of Cloud IDMSs. We have further used the proposed taxonomy as an assessment criterion for the evaluation of Cloud based IDMSs.

Results
Our in-depth analysis of various Cloud based IDMSs reveals that most of the systems do not offer support to all the essential features of Cloud IDMS and the ones that do, have their own certain weaknesses. None of the discussed techniques heuristically covers all the security features; moreover, they lack compliance to international standards which, understandably, undermines their credibility.

Conclusion
Presented work will help Cloud subscribers and providers in understanding the available solutions as well as the involved risks, allowing them to make more knowledgeable decisions while selecting potential Cloud IDMSs that best suits their functional and security requirements.
Exome Sequencing for the Diagnosis of 46,XY Disorders of Sex Development
Authors: Baxter Ruth M. , Arboleda Valerie A. , Lee Hane , Barseghyan Hayk , Adam Margaret P. , Fechner Patricia Y. , Bargman Renee , Keegan Catherine , Travers Sharon , Schelley Susan , Hudgins Louanne , Mathew Revi P. , Stalker Heather J. , Zori Roberto , Gordon Ora K. , Ramos-Platt Leigh , Pawlikowska-Haddal Anna , Eskin Ascia , Nelson Stanley F. , Délot Emmanuèle , Vilain Eric 
Published: November 2014

Abstract

Context:
Disorders of sex development (DSD) are clinical conditions where there is a discrepancy between the chromosomal sex and the phenotypic (gonadal or genital) sex of an individual. Such conditions can be stressful for patients and their families and have historically been difficult to diagnose, especially at the genetic level. In particular, for cases of 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis, once variants in SRY and NR5A1 have been ruled out, there are few other single gene tests available.

Objective:
We used exome sequencing followed by analysis with a list of all known human DSD-associated genes to investigate the underlying genetic etiology of 46,XY DSD patients who had not previously received a genetic diagnosis.

Design:
Samples were either submitted to the research laboratory or submitted as clinical samples to the UCLA Clinical Genomic Center. Sequencing data were filtered using a list of genes known to be involved in DSD.

Results:
We were able to identify a likely genetic diagnosis in more than a third of cases, including 22.5% with a pathogenic finding, an additional 12.5% with likely pathogenic findings, and 15% with variants of unknown clinical significance.

Conclusions:
Early identification of the genetic cause of a DSD will in many cases streamline and direct the clinical management of the patient, with more focused endocrine and imaging studies and better-informed surgical decisions. Exome sequencing proved an efficient method toward such a goal in 46,XY DSD patients.
Concept of Development of Main Bachelor Program “Technosphere Safety”
Authors: Красногорская  , Krasnogorskaya N. , Эйдемиллер  , Eydemiller Yu. 
Published: November 2014

Authors offer a concept of developing unified educational programs using modular principle of educational schedule and
determination of universal and all-professional competences corresponding to types, fields and challenges of professional
activity of a graduate. Main Bachelor program “Technosphere safety” is offered as an example.
Does rapid assessment shorten the amount of time patients spend in the emergency department?
Authors: Jarvis PRE , Davies TM , Mitchell K , Taylor I , Baker M 
Published: November 2014

Background: Overcrowding in the emergency department is a common phenomenon. This study assessed the impact of introducing a consultant-supported rapid assessment model, known as EDIT, and point of care testing upon the length of time patients spend in the emergency department. Methods: A prospective, observational cohort study was conducted in an emergency department in a district general hospital in the UK. The study consisted of two phases. Patients who attended the emergency department during phase 1 were assessed using a nurse-led triage model with blood samples being analysed in a centralized hospital laboratory. Phase 2 patients were assessed by a consultant-supported rapid assessment model with blood tests being analysed using point of care testing. The time from patient arrival in the emergency department to the time that care was complete and the patient was ready to move on to the next destination of care was recorded. These times from the two phases were compared using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. Results: A total of 11 213 patients attended the emergency department during the whole study period, of whom 4622 patients were eligible for the study. Phase 1 contained 3835 patients and phase 2 had 787 patients. The median time for patients to be declared ready to leave the emergency department in phase 1 was 129 minutes compared to 76 minutes for phase 2 (P=0.0025). This was a reduction in the median of 53 minutes or 41.1% (95% confidence interval 39.7–42.3%). Conclusions: This study demonstrates that a consultant-supported rapid assessment model using point of care testing significantly shortens the time patients spend in the emergency department.