bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Severe hypoxia impairs lateralization in a marine teleost fish
Authors: Lucon-Xiccato Tyrone , Nati Julie J. H. , Blasco Felipe Rocco , Johansen Jacob L. , Steffensen John F. , Domenici Paolo 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
In intertidal environments, the recurring hypoxic condition at low tide is one of the main factors affecting fish behaviour, causing broad effects on ecological interactions. We assessed the effects of hypoxia on lateralization (e.g. the tendency to turn left or right), a behaviour related to brain functional asymmetry, which is thought to play a key role in several life history aspects of fish. Using staghorn sculpin (Leptocottus armatus), a benthic fish that typically inhabits the intertidal zone, we found that hypoxia affects behavioural lateralization at population-level. On average, staghorn sculpins showed a distinct preference for right turns under normoxic conditions (&gt; 90 % oxygen saturation), but an equal probability of turning right or left after exposure to hypoxia for 2 hours (20 % oxygen saturation). The specific turning preference observed in the staghorn sculpin control population is likely to have an adaptive value, for example in predator-prey interactions by enhancing attack success or survival from predatory attacks. Therefore the alteration of lateralization expressed by staghorn sculpins under hypoxic conditions may have far-reaching implications for species ecology and trophic interactions. Moreover, our work raises the need to study this effect in other species, in which a hypoxia-driven disruption of lateralization could affect a wider range of behaviours, such as social interactions and schooling.
Saving energy during hard times: Energetic adaptations of Shetland pony mares
Authors: Brinkmann Lea , Gerken Martina , Hambly Catherine , Speakman John R. , Riek Alexander 
Published: October 2014

AbstractRecent results suggest that wild Northern herbivores reduce their metabolism during times of low ambient temperatures and food shortage in order to reduce their energetic needs. It is however not known if domesticated animals are also able to reduce their energy expenditure. We exposed ten Shetland pony mares to different environmental conditions (summer and winter) and to two food quantities (60 and 100% of maintenance energy requirement, respectively) during low winter temperatures to examine energetic and behavioural responses. In summer ponies showed a considerably higher field metabolic rate (FMR) (63.4±15.0 MJ d-1) compared to restrictively fed and control animals in winter (24.6±7.8 MJ d-1 and 15.0±1.1 MJ d-1, respectively). During summer conditions locomotor activity, resting heart rates and total water turnover were considerably elevated (P&lt;0.001) compared to winter. Restrictively fed animals (N=5) compensated for the decreased energy supply by reducing their FMR by 26% compared to control animals (N=5). Furthermore, resting heart rate, body mass and body condition score were lower (29.2±2.7 beats min-1; 140±22 kg; 3.0±1.0 points) than in control animals (36.8±41 beats min-1; 165 ±31 kg; 4.4±0.7 points; P&lt;0.05). While the observed behaviour did not change, nocturnal hypothermia was elevated. We conclude that ponies acclimatize to different climatic conditions by changing their metabolic rate, behaviour and some physiological parameters. When exposed to energy challenges, ponies, like wild herbivores, exhibited hypometabolism and nocturnal hypothermia.
Educational and Cognitive Activities of Primary School Pupils: Realities and Fallacies
Authors: Рыдзе  , Rydze Oxana 
Published: October 2014

Primary school pupils’ educational and cognitive activities are considered as being the prerequisite for meeting requirements, imposed by the
Federal State Educational Standard (FGOS) of Primary General Education. it is revealed, that separate subject-matter mistakes may hide
certain difficulties in developing primary school pupils’ ability to learn. Ways to prevent and cope with these difficulties are suggested.
The Real Thing
Authors: Фёдорова  , Fedorova N. 
Published: October 2014

The paper suggests methodological comments on how to tap into essential ethical issues after reading and discussing at classes fairy tales and
sayings of all sorts of nations concerning compassion, mercifulness and cooperativeness and then unobtrusively, avoiding outright moral maxims,
make pupils get insights in simple truths, underpinning universal human values. The recommendation are appropriate and desirable for fourgrade
classes at the lessons of “The religious cultures and secular ethics” course, as well as at lessons of the “World around us” course and at
Literature reading lessons.
Spinoffs and the Mobility of U.S. Merchant Semiconductor Inventors
Authors: Cheyre Cristobal , Klepper Steven , Veloso Francisco 
Published: October 2014

Data on inventors and assignees of patents are used to analyze the mobility of semiconductor inventors. Exploiting data on the origins of semiconductor producers with larger sales, we argue that the higher mobility of semiconductor inventors in Silicon Valley is in great part due to the entry of spinoffs there. Our empirical evidence suggests that spinoff entry promoted mobility in Silicon Valley even before the industry was clustered there. Agglomeration economies and the ban on noncompete covenants may influence spinoff entry, but spinoffs promote mobility even in the absence of those conditions. Because most of the greater inventor mobility in Silicon Valley corresponds to inventors moving from incumbents to recent entrants, the benefits that arise from greater mobility rates will be disproportionately reaped by new firms.This paper was accepted by Lee Fleming, entrepreneurship and innovation.
Aging and Financial Decision Making
Authors: Gamble Keith Jacks , Boyle Patricia A. , Yu Lei , Bennett David A. 
Published: October 2014

This study examines how cognitive changes associated with aging impact the financial decision-making capability of older Americans. We find that a decrease in cognition is associated with a decrease in financial literacy. Decreases in episodic memory and visuospatial ability are associated with a decrease in numeracy, and a decrease in semantic memory is associated with a decrease in financial knowledge. A decrease in cognition also predicts a drop in self-confidence in general, but importantly, it is not associated with a drop in confidence in managing one’s own finances. Participants experiencing decreases in cognition do show an increased likelihood of getting help with financial decisions; however, many participants experiencing significant drops in cognition still do not get help. This paper was accepted by Teck-Hua Ho, behavioral economics.
THE IMPACT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT EXPENDITURES ON INNOVATION PERFORMANCE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH OF THE COUNTRY—THE EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE
Authors: Huňady Ján , Orviská Marta 
Published: November 2014

The main aim of this article is to empirically verify the relationship between research and development (R&D) expenditures, innovation, and economic growth. Based on the correlation analysis, we examine the interdependencies between selected indicators. We have found that countries with an increase in innovation performance over the past years mostly experienced a higher economic growth in the year 2012. Countries with higher research and development expenditures have not only more researchers, but as well more patents registration. Subsequently, the relationship between R&D expenditures and economic growth is examined based on econometric regression model of the panel data. Input data used in the regression covers EU countries between the years 1999 and 2011. Our results suggest the existence of positive effect of lagged R&D expenditures on economic growth in these countries. We have also identified positive impact of the flow of foreign direct investment (FDI) in this model, which could be related to mechanism of technology diffusion across the countries.
PRESERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT WITHIN THE NATURAL AND SOCIAL EVOLUTION
Authors: Subbotina Nadezhda 
Published: November 2014

Investigation of the social evolution process and its differences from the natural evolution requires methodological substantiation. This article proposes a methodological approach based on the Hegelian dialectics. We distinguish two types of development: development based on external premises and development based on own foundation (self-development). The dialectics of preservation and change shows itself differently among these types. Social evolution is a new branch of the global evolution; its motion vector is directed toward big changes and acceleration. At the same time, the speed of natural evolution remains slow. Emerging “scissors” create tension between the human’s natural and social sides. Natural evolution requires a person to perform the preservation functions, while social evolution requires changing functions.
ANTI-TUMOR ACTIVITY OF BACTERIAL LECTIN AND 5-METHYLURACIL ADDUCT
Authors: Welchinska Elena 
Published: November 2014

The synthesis was performed using 5-methyluracil mono-and bis-derivatives with the halogen-containing pharmacophore groups in the composition of molecules; their physiochemical and biological properties were studied. These reactions are a typical example of substitution reactions on heteroatom N(1) of uracil molecule using as the second component the reaction of halothane—the known inhaled anesthetic. The reactions were carried out in a solvent system: benzene-dimethyl formamide and diethyl ether, under conditions of phase transfer catalysis DB-18-crown-6-complex (alkaline medium), by heating from 2 to 11 hours, followed by purification, and drying of the resulting products. The structure of the synthesized compounds was confirmed by elemental analysis, IR and 1HNMR spectra. The purity was controlled by the methods of thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatography. Chromatography, IR and 1HNMR spectra of the final products were identified in comparison with the chromatograms, IR and 1HNMR spectra of the initial compounds. Variation of the reaction conditions and changes in methods of synthesis enabled to receive the synthesized compounds of high purity and to increase their practical output up to 43-80%. Molecular complex of Bacterial lectin and 5-methyluracil bis-derivative was obtained. The toxicity and anti-tumor activity of some of the synthesized compounds were investigated. We have found that the new molecular complex of Bacterial lectin and 5-methyluracil bis-derivative has high anti-tumor activity in Limphosarcoma Plissa—62.8% (activity criterion >50%), which allows us to consider the synthesized compound as a physiologically active compound with the prospect for further study as a potential vehicle for anti-tumoral treatment in patients.
Molecular profiling of single circulating tumor cells with diagnostic intention
Authors: Polzer Bernhard , Medoro Gianni , Pasch Sophie , Fontana Francesca , Zorzino Laura , Pestka Aurelia , Andergassen Ulrich , Meier‐Stiegen Franziska , Czyz Zbigniew T , Alberter Barbara , Treitschke Steffi , Schamberger Thomas , Sergio Maximilian , Bregola Giulia , Doffini Anna , Gianni Stefano , Calanca Alex , Signorini Giulio , Bolognesi Chiara , Hartmann Arndt , Fasching Peter A , Sandri Maria T , Rack Brigitte , Fehm Tanja , Giorgini Giuseppe , Manaresi Nicolò , Klein Christoph A 
Published: October 2014

AbstractSeveral hundred clinical trials currently explore the role of circulating tumor cell (CTC) analysis for therapy decisions, but assays are lacking for comprehensive molecular characterization of CTCs with diagnostic precision. We therefore combined a workflow for enrichment and isolation of pure CTCs with a non‐random whole genome amplification method for single cells and applied it to 510 single CTCs and 189 leukocytes of 66 CTC‐positive breast cancer patients. We defined a genome integrity index (GII) to identify single cells suited for molecular characterization by different molecular assays, such as diagnostic profiling of point mutations, gene amplifications and whole genomes of single cells. The reliability of > 90% for successful molecular analysis of high‐quality clinical samples selected by the GII enabled assessing the molecular heterogeneity of single CTCs of metastatic breast cancer patients. We readily identified genomic disparity of potentially high relevance between primary tumors and CTCs. Microheterogeneity analysis among individual CTCs uncovered pre‐existing cells resistant to ERBB2‐targeted therapies suggesting ongoing microevolution at late‐stage disease whose exploration may provide essential information for personalized treatment decisions and shed light into mechanisms of acquired drug resistance.
Evaluation of Vancomycin Dosing and Corresponding Drug Concentrations in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Geerlof Lauren Maurer , Boucher Jenny 
Published: October 2014

Objective:
To describe the relationships between dosing strategy, age, and vancomycin trough concentrations in pediatric patients.

Methods:
This is a retrospective review of hospitalized pediatric patients between 2 months and 17 years of age treated with intravenous vancomycin from 2008 to 2011. The primary outcome was the number of patients achieving a target trough concentration of 10 to 20 μg/mL in each age group and dosing group. The secondary outcomes were the number of patients in each group to achieve a trough concentration of 15 to 20 μg/mL and the incidence of vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity.

Results:
A total of 102 patients were included in the analysis. Forty-six of 159 evaluated troughs (28.9%) were within the target range of 10 to 20 μg/mL. Dose was found to have a statistically significant effect on the ability to achieve a trough within the target range (P = .01). Of the 159 trough concentrations evaluated, only 11 (6.9%) were within the range of 15 to 20 μg/mL. Nephrotoxicity occurred in 7 patients and was not associated with supratherapeutic trough concentration or dose.

Conclusions:
The number of trough concentrations within the target range of 10 to 20 μg/mL was low, and younger patients often needed doses &gt;60 mg/kg per day to achieve a trough concentration in this range. The dose of vancomycin was found to have a statistically significant effect on the ability to achieve a trough concentration within the target range.
Hospital Readmissions Among Children With H1N1 Influenza Infection
Authors: Brogan Thomas V. , Hall Matthew , Sills Marion R. , Fieldston Evan S. , Simon Harold K. , Mundorff Michael B. , Fagbuyi Daniel B. , Shah Samir S. 
Published: October 2014

Objectives:To describe readmissions among children hospitalized with H1N1 (influenza subtype, hemagglutinin1, neuraminidase 1) pandemic influenza and secondarily to determine the association of oseltamivir during index hospitalization with readmission.Methods:We reviewed data from 42 freestanding children’s hospitals contributing to the Pediatric Health Information System from May through December 2009 when H1N1 was the predominant influenza strain. Children were divided into 2 groups by whether they experienced complications of influenza during index hospitalization. Primary outcome was readmission at 3, 7, and 30 days among both patient groups. Secondary outcome was the association of oseltamivir treatment with readmission.Results:The study included 8899 children; 6162 patients had uncomplicated index hospitalization, of whom 3808 (61.8%) received oseltamivir during hospitalization, and 2737 children had complicated influenza, of whom 1055 (38.5%) received oseltamivir. Median 3-, 7-, and 30-day readmission rates were 1.6%, 2.5%, and 4.7% for patients with uncomplicated index hospitalizations and 4.3%, 5.8%, and 10.3% among patients with complicated influenza. The 30-day readmission rates did not differ by treatment group among patients with uncomplicated influenza; however, patients with complicated index hospitalizations who received oseltamivir had lower all-cause 30-day readmissions than untreated patients. The most common causes of readmission were pneumonia and asthma exacerbations.Conclusions:Oseltamivir use for hospitalized children did not decrease 30-day readmission rates in children after uncomplicated index hospitalization but was associated with a lower 30-day readmission rate among children with complicated infections during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. Readmission rates for children who had complicated influenza infection during index hospitalizations are high.
Polityka gospodarcza księcia Bolesława V Wstydliwego wobec biskupstwa i katedry krakowskiej
Authors: Gryguć Piotr 
Published: October 2014

Niniejszy artykuł jest próbą ukazania przemian, jakie zaszły w Małopolsce w drugiej połowie XIII wieku. Był to okres bardzo dynamicznych przemian zarówno gospodarczych, jak też społecznych. Książę krakowsko-sandomierski Bolesław Wstydliwy zdawał sobie sprawę zarówno z konieczności zmian, jak też z możliwości, jakie ze sobą niosły. Znamienny był tu przykład płynący z krajów ościennych – szczególnie z księstw śląskich, Czech i Węgier, gdzie motorem owych przemian była kolonizacja na prawie niemieckim. Władca Krakowa, zdając sobie sprawę z potęgi gospodarczej biskupa i kapituły krakowskiej, starał się wciągnąć obie te instytucje w rytm przemian. Dzięki wsparciu Kościoła krakowskiego udało mu się zmodernizować i przyspieszyć przemiany zachodzące w księstwie krakowsko-sandomierskim. Współpraca pozwoliła wzmocnić się zarówno biskupowi i kapitule – poprzez uzyskanie rozległych przywilejów i rozwój gospodarczy swoich majątków, jak też wdrożyć nowe wzorce zagospodarowywania dóbr. Dzięki wzorowej współpracy na linii Kościół krakowski–monarcha udało się także uniknąć długich i często bardzo kosztownych sporów, jakie można było zaobserwować w księstwach ościennych. Niewątpliwie rządy wewnętrzne księcia Bolesława Wstydliwego i jego polityka oparta na porozumieniu z Kościołem krakowskim oraz wciągnięciu go w mechanizmy przemian gospodarczych pozwoliły na szybki rozwój jego władztwa – zarówno na płaszczyźnie handlowej, gospodarczej, jak i urbanizacyjnej oraz społecznej.
Inheritance of White Mold Resistance in an Andean Common Bean A 195 and its Relationship with Andean G 122
Authors: Viteri Diego M. , Singh Shree P. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTWhite mold caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary is a devastating disease of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in cool and wet production regions of the Americas and elsewhere. Partial resistance is found in common bean, wild bean, and Phaseolus species of the secondary gene pool such as P. coccineus L. The objectives were to determine (i) the inheritance of white mold resistance in a large‐seeded Andean common bean breeding line A 195 in response to contrasting S. sclerotiorum isolates and (ii) the genetic relationship between A 195 and an Andean germplasm accession G 122. White mold resistant (scores ≤ 4) A 195 was crossed with susceptible (scores > 7) pinto ‘Othello’ and resistant G 122. The F1 and the three parents were inoculated with an aggressive S. sclerotiorum isolate ND710 in 2011. Parents and F2 from resistant F1 plants were inoculated with the less aggressive isolate ARS12D at the fifth internode on the main stem and reinoculated (primary branch) with ND710 and evaluated at 35 d in 2012. Two independent complementary dominant genes controlled resistance in the F2 of A 195/Othello in response to either isolate. There was no segregation in A 195/G 122 F2 in response to ARS12D. But a single dominant gene controlled the difference in resistance between A 195 and G 122 to ND710. The F3 results corroborated the F2 segregation ratios in both populations. This information should help introgress and pyramid higher levels of white mold resistance into common bean cultivars of different market classes.
Endoparasites found in European brown hares (Lepus europaeus) hunted in Macedonia, Greece
Authors: Diakou A. , Sokos C. , Papadopoulos E. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The European brown hare (Lepus europaeus) is widespread throughout Europe with population declines in some countries. Parasites can be one of the natural regulative factors of hare population. The information about the prevalence of endoparasites of European hares in Southern Europe is limited while relevant data from Greece are lacking. Gastrointestinal tracts of 84 Lepus europaeus, hunted in Macedonia, Greece, were examined for endoparasites. Sixty two (73.8 %) of the animals were parasitized by one or multiple parasitic species. Eimeria spp. was found in 54 (64.28 %) of the gastrointestinal tracts, Trichostrongylus retortaeformis in 42 (50 %), Trichuris leporis in 18 (21.42 %), Dicrocoelium dentriticum in 8 (9.52 %), Passalurus ambiguus in 4 (4.76 %) and Protostrongylus spp. in 2 (1.22 %). Moreover, Linguatula serrata larvae were found in 16 (19.04 %) animals and Dirofilaria scapiceps in one. Mixed infections were significantly more common than single infections. Although the parasites found do not represent a threat for other animal species, under certain conditions, they may play an important role in the health status of hares.
Prevalence of Double Nutrition Burden Among Adolescent Girls of Assam, Northeast India
Authors: Sharma Jyotismita , Mondal Dr Nitish 
Published: October 2014

Introduction: Prevalence of the malnutrition is a very common phenomenon in the developing countries leads to high mortality, morbidity and long-lasting physiologic effects. The present study was conducted among adolescent populations residing in rural regions with an aim to determine the prevalence of double nutritional burden (e.g., thinness and overweight) in Karbi-Anglong district of Assam, Northeast India.Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted among 1228 heterogeneous groups of adolescent girls aged 10- 16 years residing in rural areas of Diphu, Karbi-Anglong, Assam is using simple random sampling method. The anthropometric measurement of height and weight were recorded using the standard procedure. The Body mass index (BMI=weight/height2, kg/m2) was calculated. Recently proposed, the BMI based age sex specific international references and cut-offs of Cole et al. was used to assess the prevalence of thinness and overweight.Results: The overall prevalence of overweight and thinness was found to be 8.13% and 19.14% respectively. The age specific prevalence of overweight and thinness was found to be higher among 11 years (12.00%) and 16 years (31.13%) respectively.Conclusion: The present study shows the magnitude of thinness is a still greater nutritional problem than overweight in rural adolescent girls in India. The results of the present study will be useful for the policy makers in their endeavour to formulate various developmental strategies and health care programmes of the population concern to combat the double burden of nutrition.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v34i2.10447J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2014;34(2):132-137
Pseudohypoparathyroidism as a Cause of Refractory Seizures
Authors: Singh Gurmeet , Thapar Karuna , Malhotra Preeti 
Published: October 2014

Pseudohypoparathyroidism is a genetic disorder that is similar to hypoparathyroidism, but which results from the body’s lack of response to parathyroid hormone rather than its decreased production. Serum level of immunoreactive Parathormone are elevated instead. We report a four month old infant in status epilepticus associated with hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia and raised parathyroid hormone level. Hypocalcemia was resistant to calcium therapy initially but responded to vitamin D analogue therapy leading to diagnosis of Pseudohypoparathyroidism. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v34i2.10602 J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2014;34(2):166-167