bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Degrees of grammaticalization across languages
Authors: Lamiroy Béatrice , De Mulder Walter 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article analyses the variation in degrees of grammaticalisation across languages. It proposes the hypothesis that an essential property of grammaticalisation also applies within a genealogical family and that several grammaticalization processes may be more advanced in one language than in the other languages of the same family. It provides evidence from three Romance languages and shows that French, has reached a further stage of grammaticalisation than Spanish and Italian.
Grammaticalization and conversation
Authors: Couper‐Kuhlen Elizabeth 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article analyses the relation between conversation and grammaticalisation. It argues that what is on one occasion accomplished via a succession of actions can, on other occasions, be collapsed into a single speaker's turn. It discusses three case studies from present-day English conversation to substantiate this argument. It contends that a path of grammaticalisation from vertical to horizontal development like those hypothesized for Left dislocation, concession, and extraposition can be all the more plausible when we consider that there is evidence of a similar development for other bipartite structures such as conditionals and Right dislocations.
Grammaticalization and pragmaticalization
Authors: Diewald Gabriele 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article explores the interrelation between grammaticalisation and pragmaticalisation. It attempts a terminological clarification of both terms independently from each other and examines their mutual relations. It proposes the hypothesis that fundamental features of grammar itself are rooted in pragmatics, and that therefore there is reason to interpret pragmaticalisation as an integral part of grammaticalisation.
The grammaticalization of agreement
Authors: van Gelderen Elly 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article analyses agreement markers in related to grammaticalisation. It shows that emphatic and demonstrative pronouns as well as nouns can be reanalysed as subject pronouns, which in turn can be reanalysed as agreement and later be lost. It discusses the linguistic cycle in general and addresses the question of whether subject and object cycles are the most relevant to the typology of a language. It provides examples of the subject cycle and the object cycle and examines possible explanations for why subject and object cycles exist.
The grammaticalization of tense and aspect
Authors: Hengeveld Kees 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article considers the processes of grammaticalization that involve tense and aspect markers from the perspective of a layered, hierarchical approach to grammatical categories. It discusses the notion of hierarchical layering and provides a summary of the paths of grammaticalization involving tense and aspect. It concludes that developments in the domain of tense and aspect may be fruitfully interpreted in terms of scope increase along hierarchically organized layers of semantic organisation.
The grammaticalization of discourse markers
Authors: Onodera Noriko O. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article deals with the processes associated with the grammaticalisation of discourse markers. It provides a theoretical outline of discourse markers and an overview of how the development of discourse markers has recently been treated in the study of language change. It describes a new reformulated model of grammaticalisation and compares it with its traditional counterpart. It also discusses the kind of expressions in terms of structure and meaning which occur in initial and final positions in the grammaticalisation of discourse markers.
Grammaticalization of reference systems
Authors: Frajzyngier Zygmunt 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article discusses issues concerning the grammaticalisation of reference systems. It suggests that one of the interesting aspects of the grammaticalisation of reference is that a large variety of functions are coded by the same lexical sources, including deictic markers, existential verbs, and nouns marked for gender. It explains that the wide variety of functions coded in the domain of reference is made possible by combining these lexical sources with linear order, affixation, the use of full nouns, or the absence of any overt coding.
Grammaticalization in sign languages
Authors: Pfau Roland , Steinbach Markus 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article considers the factors and processes associated with grammaticalisation in sign languages. It provides commentaries on the methodological challenges diachronic sign language research is faced with and describes selected grammaticalisation phenomena that we take to be modality-independent. It also discusses modality-specific instances of grammaticalisation and the grammaticalisation of gestures. The analysis reveals that sign language only show little evidence of type 2 grammaticalization and they have the unique possibility of grammaticalising manual and non-manual gestures.
Grammaticalization in Korean
Authors: Rhee Seongha 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article focuses on grammaticalisation in Korean languages. There are two aspects that make the study of grammaticalization in Korean particularly interesting. The Korean language has a rich inventory of particles and endings that await grammaticalization analyses and since the use of Korean was largely restricted to the Korean peninsula without much language contact until about a century ago, grammaticalisation processes in this language were inevitably language-internal changes. This article suggests that grammaticalisation studies in Korean should offer an insight as to the extent of non-contact-induced, language-internal grammaticalisation.
Theoretical and Epistemological Foundations
Authors: Nelson James M. , Slife Brent D. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe psychology of religion and spirituality (PRS) involves applying the methods and procedures of psychological science to the study of religion and spirituality. Since PRS is a scientific endeavor, best practices in the field will always involve a thorough understanding of the scientific process, such as that provided by contemporary philosophers of science. One of the most important things to be learned from these writers is that all science—including inquiry in PRS—involves methodological, epistemological, ethical, and ontological assumptions that greatly affect the conduct of scientific work. A brief review of these assumptions in PRS suggests that current scientific practices in the field fall short in a number of ways, making it difficult for investigators to truly increase our understanding of the important psychological processes involved in religious activities and spiritual experience. We explore the nature of these assumptions and their problems, and offer a possible alternative framework that will help advance the science of PRS.
Complementarities in Physics and Psychology
Authors: Richards C. Edward 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article explores one of the profound complementarities in quantum physics and psychology: the reflexive nature of observation both on the objective (physics) and the subjective (psychological) side. It seeks to provide a logical chain of evidence from quantum mechanics to quantum effects in biological systems, to quantum effects in neurological systems. It then discusses the implications for psychology and pedagogy. Should quantum theory become the dominant paradigm for explaining consciousness, the implications for psychology are profound indeed. However, neuroplasticity, whether explained by classical or quantum effects, has already launched a revolution in our understanding of how changing one's intentions and thoughts affects both behavior and the brain.
Religion, Altruism, and Prosocial Behavior: Conceptual and Empirical Approaches
Authors: Midlarsky Elizabeth , Mullin Anthony S. J. , Barkin Samuel H. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis chapter examines two important aspects of human functioning: altruism and religion. Beginning with older, more philosophical and rhetorically based discourse on the link between the two phenomena, definitions of altruism and religion are discussed and reviews of the empirical research conducted separately on each are presented. We then address the question: What empirical evidence exists about the manifestations of these phenomena and the extent to which they are related to one another? The complex, multifaceted nature of both altruism and religion are acknowledged, and we argue that cross-disciplinary approaches are needed for progress to be made. At the same time, we note that both altruism and religion are powerful enough to have both salutary and toxic effects that make it critical that they be the focus of research efforts. Suggestions for future research are then offered.
Models of Spiritual Development
Authors: Friedman Harris , Krippner Stanley , Riebel Linda , Johnson Chad 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis chapter focuses on exploring various models of spiritual development. It first addresses philosophical dilemmas underpinning the concept of spiritual development by questioning whether these can be addressed without metaphysical assumptions embedded in religious worldviews and thus understood in any consensual way across different historical and cultural contexts. Traditional models of spiritual development are then reviewed, drawing from indigenous, Eastern, and Western cultures. Integrative-philosophical and scientific models, including those from the psychology of religion, transpersonal psychology, and neurobiology, are then presented. The chapter concludes by noting the complexities involved in understanding spiritual development accompanied by suggestions on future directions for these models by highlighting their commonalities and differences and by providing some evaluative perspectives for thinking critically about them.
Contemplative Traditions and Meditation
Authors: Kelly Brendan D. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractMost of the world's major religious and spiritual traditions incorporate elements of contemplative prayer or meditation, although the nature, prominence, and precise features of such practices vary between traditions. Neuroscientific findings indicate that meditation is associated with significant, enduring alterations in patterns of activity in specific brain areas (e.g., anterior cingulate cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal areas). These, in turn, are linked with the increased attention and alterations in experience of self associated with contemplative practice. Neuroscientific findings are complemented by clinical evidence of relationships between contemplative practice and positive psychological change, leading, for example, to the use of “mindfulness-based cognitive therapy” for depression (combining mindfulness-based techniques from Buddhist tradition with Western cognitive therapeutic approaches). There remains substantial potential for further research and ongoing dialog aimed at developing deeper, more integrated understandings of the spiritual, psychological, and biological effects of contemplative practice.
Neuroimaging and Spiritual Practice
Authors: Beauregard Mario 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn this chapter, we first define religious, spiritual, and mystical experiences (RSMEs). We then review clinical data suggesting a role for the temporal lobe in RSMEs. The possibility of experimentally inducing such experiences by stimulating the temporal lobe with weak electromagnetic currents is examined. The limbic-marker hypothesis is also presented. In the following section, we examine the findings of neuroimaging studies of RSMEs conducted to date. Since meditation is often associated with spiritual practice, we review in the fourth section neuroimaging studies of diverse meditative states. In the next section, we discuss neuroimaging data and phenomenology of RSMEs with respect to the mind-brain problem. In the last section, we provide a few concluding remarks and propose new opportunities for expanding the neuroscience of spirituality.
Spirituality, Connection, and Healing With Intent: Reflections on Cancer Experiments on Laboratory Mice
Authors: Bengston William F. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractData from 10 experiments that tested the effect of healing with intent on cancerous laboratory mice are selectively summarized to address the question of whether there is a connection between spirituality and healing. Volunteer healers with no previous experience or belief in healing with intent were successful in producing full life-span cures in cancer models that are normally fatal. Successful healing has been produced by volunteers who have experienced a wide range of subjective sense of connection to their experimental mice. While it may initially seem reasonable to conclude that connection may not be necessary to affect healing, methodological complications resulting from an apparent resonant bonding between experimental and control groups render interpretation problematical. These resonant bonds are interpreted as fluid, with the potential of being both strengthened and weakened by consciousness and shared experience. Some implications of these experiments for the study of the connection between healing and spirituality, and for the mechanistic tradition within science, are discussed.
The Medieval Spice Trade
Authors: Freedman Paul 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Europe's insatiable demand for spices in the late Middle Ages (1200-1500 AD) is a remarkable example of dramatic historic change triggered by consumer preference. The spice trade is important to the history of food not only because of the trade routes and speculation about how to expand them, but also because of the reasons for the heavy demand in the first place. Tropical spices are not an essential ingredient of modern European cuisine. This article documents the spice trade during the medieval period. It first considers the ubiquity of spices in medieval gastronomy and medieval pharmacology. It then turns to the health benefits of spices to medieval food, the origins and imagined origins of spices, spice trade routes, and prices of spices.
Are “American Novels” Novels?Mardiand the Problem of Boring Books
Authors: Stein Jordan Alexander 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article examines the American novel and the problem of boring books. It investigates what would happen if the assumption about the existence of novel as a literary genre were treated as a critical problem. The article analyzes Herman Melville's 1849 novel Mardi and a Voyage Thither to demonstrate that in order to make sense of “bad” novels, one might be well served to suspend the categories required for deductive conclusions.
The Invention of Mexican America
Authors: Alemán Jesse 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article examines the role of Mexican America in the U.S. literary imagination. It discusses the hemispheric vision of Mexican America and comments on the notion that sees the invention of Mexican America as only an anticolonial response to the U.S.A. The article suggests that the invention of Mexican America should be read in the context of the complexity of the Americas as a site of layered colonialisms, overlapping geographies, and the contradiction of a Creole double consciousness inventing itself over and over again to avoid discovery.
Literature and The News
Authors: Tamarkin Elisa 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article examines the relationship between literature and the news, particularly how literature speaks to its contemporary situation. It investigates the connection of novels, ranging from George Lippard's popular works to the literary-minded productions authored by Henry James, to the explosion of newspapers and the daily events reported in their pages. The article also highlights the efforts of authors to assert the currency of their work by insisting on its relevance.
Reading Minds in the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Gilmore Paul 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article focuses on cognitive literary studies in the U.S.A. It provides an overview and critique of cognitive literary studies, and suggests how recent developments within neuroscience and studies of embodied cognition can potentially offer a better model for a historicism grounded in brain science. The article concludes that combining formal and historical analysis with the insights of embodied cognitive neuroscience provides the basis for a neural historicism which would illuminate some of the ways minds have been read and understood, and how those minds have read texts and the world.
Cognitions: Self-Talk and Performance
Authors: Theodorakis Yannis , Hatzigeorgiadis Antonis , Zourbanos Nikos 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe main objective of this chapter is to provide an overview of the self-talk literature in sport psychology, in particular with regard to the links between self-talk and performance. Definitions and conceptualizations are discussed, and measurement issues are presented. The main research questions that have been addressed and the research paradigms that have been adopted to address these questions are then outlined. The content of athletes’ self-talk and the use of self-talk strategies are then described, and the factors shaping and influencing self-talk are discussed. The main body of the chapter focuses on the relationship between self-talk and performance, with particular emphasis placed on research advances regarding the mechanisms that may explain the facilitating effects of self-talk on performance. A brief look at performance-related self-talk research within other psychology domains is then presented. Finally, applied recommendations and future research directions are discussed.
Moral Behavior in Sport
Authors: Kavussanu Maria 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe last decade has seen an important shift of focus in research on sport morality. Researchers have moved from a focus on moral judgment as a moral outcome to the examination of morally relevant behavior. This chapter reflects this shift and reviews research on sport behaviors that could be classified within the moral domain. Different labels have been used to refer to such acts, including prosocial, antisocial, aggressive, and bad/poor behavior. The chapter begins with a discussion of the moral domain and an overview of the main approaches used to measure moral behavior in sport and continues with an extensive review of dispositional and social-environmental factors associated with moral behavior in sport. Next, the effects of demographic and context characteristics on moral action are discussed, followed by a brief review of interventions conducted in physical activity settings. Finally, implications for morality in other performance domains are outlined and directions for future research are provided.
Meta-Analysis as a Validity Summary Tool
Authors: Banks George C. , McDaniel Michael A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe chapter discusses the role of meta-analysis in enhancing the understanding of employment test validity. We discuss the state of validity knowledge prior to the introduction of meta-analysis and summarize the gains in knowledge following the introduction of meta-analysis. We review the standards of systematic literature reviews, data typically reported in a meta-analysis of a personnel selection test, and how meta-analytic findings are interpreted. Furthermore, we consider the differences between the meta-analysis of selection tests that evaluate specific constructs and those that assess selection test methods that measure multiple constructs. We discuss issues to consider when evaluating the degree to which meta-analytic reviews of validity data have credibility and how to make decisions regarding the appropriateness of the application of a selection test. Finally, we discuss the need to improve reporting practices in meta-analytic reviews as well as the inconsistencies of the Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures with scientific knowledge concerning meta-analysis and validity.
Assessment of Voluntary Turnover in Organizations: Answering the Questions of Why, Who, and How Much
Authors: Woo Sang Eun , Maertz Carl P. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis chapter reviews recent research related to the assessment of three questions: why people quit, who is more or less likely to quit, and how much do instances of quitting cost the organization. Assessments of the “why” and the “who” questions together inform the assessment of turnover functionality (i.e., the “how much” question). Furthermore, the “why” assessment indicates which specific interventions are most likely to succeed with employees in the organization, and the “who” assessment helps determine for which employees the interventions should be implemented. Therefore, answers to these three interrelated questions ultimately converge as the critical inputs for practitioners who seek to determine whether organizations should (and are able) to intervene effectively to influence specific turnover instances. Following discussions of the complexity involved in these assessments, a person-centered, clustering approach was recommended as an effective strategy of accounting for the uniqueness of turnover incidents and prevention strategies.
Time in Personnel Selection
Authors: Beier Margaret E. , Ackerman Phillip L. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe goal of personnel selection is to select employees who will succeed in a job, not just over the short-term, but over months and years. Yet, most research and theory in personnel selection does not explicitly consider the effect of time on personnel selection and training. The research that has been done has raised concerns about the utility of predictors used in selection related to declining validity coefficients over time. In this chapter, we discuss selection and training within the context of time. We review prior research and theory on the nature of validity fluctuations over time on person-related and job-related variables. Theories with explicit or implicit temporal components such as theories of typical and maximal performance, skill acquisition theories, theories of dynamic performance, and the simplex process are discussed. We report on a relatively recent reconsideration of time in the research literature, spurred on by the availability of statistical tools that permit the consideration of between-person predictors of within-person change (i.e., interindividual differences in intraindividual change). We conclude by presenting considerations for future research.
Team Selection
Authors: Morgeson Frederick P. , Humphrey Stephen E. , Reeder Matthew C. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe use of teams in organizations has become ubiquitous. Yet, there has been comparatively little research on team selection. This chapter seeks to review the literature on team selection and identify areas for future research. To do this, we first briefly review existing models of team functioning to provide background for selection scholars who might not be familiar with team constructs. We then describe the work of teams, particularly in terms of how it might differ from the work of individuals. This is followed by a review of the different kinds of criteria that can be used in team settings, including criteria used in individually oriented selection, as well as some criteria unique to the team domain. We then articulate the different ways individuals can contribute to teams in terms of key knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics (KSAOs) identified in the literature. These constructs represent the different attributes that can be assessed prior to selecting individuals or teams. Next, we discuss issues of team placement and staffing, particularly in terms of how to create teams to optimize the different worker KSAOs present in the organization or applicant population. Finally, we close with some thoughts about team selection and the need for future research in this area.