bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modes d'organisation et relations dans la fratrie en situation de placement familial
Authors: Chapon-Crouzet Nathalie 
Published: February 2013

Résumé Au cours de l’exploration des relations affectives au sein du placement familial, nous avons focalisé notre regard sur les modes d’organisation et les relations des fratries. On peut distinguer trois modes de composition de fratrie en situation de placement familial : les fratries placées cohabitantes, les fratries placées non cohabitantes et les demi-fratries non placées et non cohabitantes. Dans les fratries placées cohabitantes on observe une filiation commune et un placement commun dans la même famille d’accueil au même moment. Dans les fratries placées non cohabitantes, l’ensemble des membres de la fratrie sont placés dans des familles d’accueil différentes malgré une filiation commune, les relations fraternelles sont dans ce cas majoritairement en (re)construction. Dans les demi-fratries non placées et non cohabitantes, on constate une asymétrie dans la prise en charge, une partie des enfants restant au foyer parental. Les relations entre les enfants de demi-fratrie utérine dépendent de la mère, les relations avec des demi-fratries consanguines sont quasi inexistantes. Le placement différencié des enfants, voire l’asymétrie dans la prise en charge nécessite une reconstruction des liens fraternels par un partage de temps en commun en dehors de la structure familiale permettant à chacun de trouver sa place.
La couleur des masques
Authors: Chopin Marie-Pierre 
Published: February 2013

Résumé L’objet de cette recherche est d’examiner, chez des lycéens, le rôle d’une pratique sociale particulière : l’usage du surnom. Tout d’abord sont présentés les caractéristiques formelles du surnom ainsi que les fondements théoriques et la légitimité de la question ; un bref exposé méthodologique clôture cette première partie. La deuxième partie est consacrée à la présentation et à l’analyse des résultats de l’étude menée auprès des lycéens. Dans la discussion, l’auteur propose de redéfinir la surnomination comme un « jeu de masques », et la reconnaissance qui en découle en terme de « couleur » ; la « couleur des masques » permettra de comprendre que la surnomination participe bel et bien d’une forme de coexistence spécifique chez les lycéens. Elle peut dès lors être considérée comme un mode particulier de socialisation inscrit à l’intérieur de l’institution scolaire.
STING/MPYS Mediates Host Defense against Listeria monocytogenes Infection by Regulating Ly6Chi Monocyte Migration
Authors: Jin Lei , Getahun Andrew , Knowles Heather M. , Mogan Jennifer , Akerlund Linda J. , Packard Thomas A. , Perraud Anne-Laure , Cambier John C. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
MPYS (also known as STING, MITA, and TMEM173) is a type I IFN stimulator that is essential for host defense against DNA virus infection and appears important in defense against certain bacteria. The in vivo significance and mechanisms by which MPYS mediates host defense against nonviral pathogens are unknown. Using an MPYS-deficient mouse (Tmem173&lt;tm1Camb&gt;), we determined that, distinct from the IFNAR−/− mice, MPYS deficiency leads to increased bacterial burden in the liver upon Listeria monocytogenes infection. The increase was correlated with the diminished MCP-1 and MCP-3 chemokine production and decreased blood and liver Ly6Chi monocyte frequency. We further demonstrate that MPYS-deficient Ly6Chi monocytes are intrinsically defective in migration to the liver. Lastly, adoptive transfer of wild-type Ly6Chi monocyte into MPYS-deficient mice decreases their liver bacterial burden. Our findings reveal a novel in vivo function of MPYS that is distinct from its role in activating type I IFN production.
Evidence for Postinitiation Regulation of mRNA Biogenesis in Tuberculosis
Authors: Salamon Hugh , Qiao Yaming , Cheng Jeff C. , Yamaguchi Ken D. , Soteropoulos Patricia , Weiden Michael , Gennaro Maria Laura , Pine Richard 
Published: February 2013

AbstractMycobacterium tuberculosis infection alters macrophage gene expression and macrophage response to IFN-γ, a critical host defense cytokine. However, regulation of these changes is poorly understood. We report discordance of changes in nascent transcript and total nuclear RNA abundance for the transcription factors STAT1 and IRF1, together with lack of effect on their RNA half-lives, in human THP-1 cells infected with M. tuberculosis and stimulated with IFN-γ. The results indicate that negative postinitiation regulation of mRNA biogenesis limits the expression of these factors, which mediate host defense against M. tuberculosis through the cellular response to IFN-γ. Consistent with the results for STAT1 and IRF1, transcriptome analysis reveals downregulation of postinitiation mRNA biogenesis processes and pathways by infection, with and without IFN-γ stimulation. Clinical relevance for regulation of postinitiation mRNA biogenesis is demonstrated by studies of donor samples showing that postinitiation mRNA biogenesis pathways are repressed in latent tuberculosis infection compared with cured disease and in active tuberculosis compared with ongoing treatment or with latent tuberculosis. For active disease and latent infection donors from two populations (London, U.K., and The Gambia), each analyzed using a different platform, pathway-related gene expression differences were highly correlated, demonstrating substantial specificity in the effect. Collectively, the molecular and bioinformatic analyses point toward downregulation of postinitiation mRNA biogenesis pathways as a means by which M. tuberculosis infection limits expression of immunologically essential transcription factors. Thus, negative regulation of postinitiation mRNA biogenesis can constrain the macrophage response to infection and overall host defense against tuberculosis.
The Tec Kinase ITK Regulates Thymic Expansion, Emigration, and Maturation of γδ NKT Cells
Authors: Yin Catherine C. , Cho Ok Hyun , Sylvia Katelyn E. , Narayan Kavitha , Prince Amanda L. , Evans John W. , Kang Joonsoo , Berg Leslie J. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The Tec family tyrosine kinase, Itk, regulates signaling downstream of the TCR. The absence of Itk in CD4+ T cells results in impaired Th2 responses along with defects in maturation, cytokine production, and survival of iNKT cells. Paradoxically, Itk−/− mice have spontaneously elevated serum IgE levels, resulting from an expansion of the Vγ1.1+Vδ6.3+ subset of γδ T cells, known as γδ NKT cells. Comparisons between γδ NKT cells and αβ iNKT cells showed convergence in the pattern of cell surface marker expression, cytokine profiles, and gene expression, suggesting that these two subsets of NKT cells undergo similar differentiation programs. Hepatic γδ NKT cells have an invariant TCR and are derived predominantly from fetal progenitors that expand in the thymus during the first weeks of life. The adult thymus contains these invariant γδ NKT cells plus a heterogeneous population of Vγ1.1+Vδ6.3+ T cells with diverse CDR3 sequences. This latter population, normally excluded from the liver, escapes the thymus and homes to the liver when Itk is absent. In addition, Itk−/− γδ NKT cells persistently express high levels of Zbtb16 (PLZF) and Il4, genes that are normally downregulated in the most mature subsets of NKT cells. These data indicate that Itk signaling is required to prevent the expansion of γδ NKT cells in the adult thymus, to block their emigration, and to promote terminal NKT cell maturation.
Role of the Gut Microbiota in the Development and Function of Lymphoid Cells
Authors: Kamada Nobuhiko , Núñez Gabriel 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Mammals are colonized by large numbers of microorganisms, including trillions of bacteria, most of which live in the intestinal tract. These indigenous microorganisms that inhabit the body of humans and animals are referred collectively to as the microbiota. Accumulating evidence indicates that the microbiota regulates the development and/or function of different types of immune cells in the intestine. For example, the microbiota drives homeostatic, pathogenic, and regulatory T cell immune responses that contribute to tissue homeostasis, but also can promote disease. The gut microbes also facilitate IgA responses, which in turn regulate the composition and function of the gut microbiota. Thus, the reciprocal regulation of the gut microbiota and the host immune system may influence the balance between homeostasis and disease in the intestine.
Infection control strategy in orthodontic office
Authors: Bhatnagar Shalaj , Bagga Dinesh K. , Sharma Payal , Kumar Piush , Sharma Rakesh , Singh Vishal 
Published: February 2013

AbstractEffective and efficient infection control in the orthodontic office is essential for the safety of patients. A comprehensive infection control strategy must be implemented by the orthodontist without compromising on cost-effectiveness and time factor, that safeguards not only his own health but also of the auxiliary staff and even the community. It is also important to follow manufacturer′s instructions for dental instruments and devices regarding sterilization to avoid damage to these items.
Esoteric communiqué amid microbes in an oral biofilm
Authors: Grover Harpreet Singh , Luthra Shailly , Maroo Shruti 
Published: February 2013

AbstractDental biofilms are complex and multispecies ecosystems, and its formation requires coordinated chemical signaling between different micro-organisms present in the oral cavity. During the initial stages of its formation, planktonic bacterial cells directly attach to surfaces of the oral cavity or indirectly bind to other bacterial cells. This binding occurs through co-aggregation, which is critical for the temporary retention of bacteria on dental surfaces as well as bacterial colonization. It is during this colonization that the micro-organisms are able to interact with each other. In general, interspecies interactions involve communication, typically via quorum sensing, and metabolic cooperation or competition. Interactions among species within a biofilm can be antagonistic, such as competition over nutrients and growth inhibition, or synergistic. In this review, we discuss these important interactions among oral bacteria within the dental biofilm communities and novel therapies that could inhibit pathogenic micro-organisms and disrupt biofilm.
Is fluoride still a pivot of preventive dentistry?
Authors: Mahajan Poonam , Veersha K. L. , Mahajan Ajay 
Published: February 2013

AbstractFluoride is considered the corner stone of the preventive dentistry. Fluoride has both beneficial and detrimental effects on human health. In terms of dental health, the prevalence of dental caries is inversely related to the concentration of fluoride in drinking water; while there is a dose-response relationship between the concentration of fluoride in drinking water and the prevalence of dental fluorosis. Fluoride has a statistically significant association with a wide range of adverse effects like increased risk of bone fractures, decreased thyroid function, and lowered intelligent quotient, arthritic-like condition, early puberty and possibly, osteosarcoma. The aim of the present review is to discuss the current status of fluorides in dentistry in view of its benefits and adverse effects.
Change in salivary pH following use of homeopathic medicines: A preliminary study
Authors: Subramaniam Priya , Kumar Krishna 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Objective: Homeopathic preparations are popular and well accepted by parents and children. These preparations are easily available and are prescribed for acute and chronic conditions. However, their sugar content may affect oral health. Aims and Objectives: This preliminary study assessed salivary pH following administration of homeopathic medicines commonly prescribed for children. Materials and Methods: Forty-five normal and healthy children were divided into 3 groups of 15 children each: Group 1 was given a placebo, group 2 was given chamomilla (2x), and group 3 was given arsenicum (2x). Each child was given 2 pellets to be placed below the tongue and allowed to dissolve completely. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected at baseline, and following 5, 15, 30, and 60 minutes of administration. The saliva samples were suitably transferred to the laboratory for recording of pH using a digital pH meter. The titratable acidity of both homeopathic medicines was assessed. Data was subjected to statistical analysis. Results: Mean salivary pH at 15 minutes was 5.40 in group 1, 5.16 in group 2 and 5.42 in group 3, which was significant. (P=0.000) At 30 and 60 minutes, pH in groups 2 and 3 remained lower than that of group 1. The titratable acidity of chamomilla and arsenicum was found to be 0.14 mmol and 0.018 mmol, respectively. Conclusion: There was a significant reduction in salivary pH at 5, 15, and 30 minutes in groups 1 and 2. In all groups, salivary pH did not return to baseline values even after one hour of administering the homeopathic pellets.
Invasive versus non-invasive method of assessment of distance between the tip of papilla to the crest of interdental bone
Authors: Wahi Saurabh , Chhina Kamalpreet , Chhabra Vipin , Bhatnagar Rakhi 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Statement of Problem: Anatomic and histologic make up of interdental region is crucial in maintaining the integrity and health of interdental papilla during surgical and restorative procedures. The effect of vertical and horizontal distance between the teeth on the incidence of interproximal papilla has been widely explored and is considered as a contentious issue. Though several non-surgical methods have been developed to assess bone level, the accuracy and reliability of these methods were questioned. Purpose and Aim: To compare the reliability of the non-invasive method using radiographs with invasive method to measure the length of papilla from the tip of papilla to crest of interdental bone. Materials and Methods: In the present study, non-invasive method using radiograph was compared to invasive method to measure length of papilla from the tip of papilla to crest of interdental bone. Radiographic length, bone probing length, and actual papilla length was measured in 20 chronic periodontitis patients, and the results were statistically analyzed. Results and Conclusion: A statistically significant correlation was observed in invasive versus non-invasive method of assessment of distance between the tip of papilla to the crest of interdental bone, indicating the importance of standardization of radiographic aids.
Oral hygiene status and practices among rural dwellers
Authors: Azodo Clement C. , Amenaghawon Osarobo Pius 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Objectives: To determine the oral hygiene status and practices among rural dwellers in Delta and Edo States of Nigeria. Materials and Methods: One-hundred and fifty-four participants (45 males and 109 females) between the ages of 5 and 88 years with mean age of 33.44±2.34 years selected among individuals attending Children Evangelism Ministry Free Medical Outreach in five rural communities in both Delta and Edo State of Nigeria were studied. Data were collected through clinical examinations and the use of interviewer-administered questionnaires. Results: Of the 154 participants studied, 22.1% participants had one or more carious teeth, 11.7% participants had at least one missing tooth and 0.6% participants had fillings. Toothache (33.1%) and gingival bleeding (27.3%) were reported oral health problems among the participants. One third (33.8%) of the participants had poor oral hygiene status. Oral hygiene status was significantly associated with age, gender, and educational status, but there was no significant variation among the various communities. Majority of the participants cleaned their teeth with toothbrush and toothpaste-133 (86.4%), indulged in once-daily tooth cleaning-115 (74.7%), and have never visited the dentist-145 (94.2%). There existed significant association between daily tooth cleaning frequency, age, gender, location and level of education. Conclusion: The oral hygiene and oral health practices among rural dwellers were suboptimal. There is need to develop and implement community-oriented oral health promotion programs targeting oral health practices to control preventable oral diseases among rural dweller.
Assessment of chewing stick (miswak) use in a Muslim community in Cameroon
Authors: Agbor Michael A. , Azodo Clement C. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Objective: To determine the prevalence and reasons for chewing stick use among adult Muslim′s inhabitants of Banyo in the Adamawa region of Cameroon. Materials and Methods: This questionnaire-based cross-sectional study aimed at determining the prevalence and reasons for chewing stick use among Muslims was conducted between November 2010 and April 2011. Results: Of the 220 participants in this study, 187 (85.0%) of them reported chewing stick use for teeth cleaning, and this was higher among males than females. Chewing stick use increased with ageing and varied among participants of different professions. Chewing stick users accented that the chewing stick use has a relationship with religion, and believed that chewing stick has a positive effect in the mouth than the non-users. Chewing stick users were less likely to have visited the dentist and experienced mouth odor but more likely to report oral health problems than non-users. The majority of the participants used chewing stick alone while a few used chewing stick with salt, charcoal and toothpaste The reasons for chewing stick use were religious advice, treatment of oral diseases, imitation of others and pleasure. Conclusion: Chewing stick use was common among participants with religious advice being the most dominant reason for the usage. Chewing stick users were less likely to visit the dentist, experience mouth odor but are more likely to report oral health problem than the non-users. This study information will serve as a useful guide in community oral health interventional development programme among Muslims.
Self-medication practices among dental, midwifery and nursing students
Authors: Ehigiator Osarobo , Azodo Clement C. , Ehizele Adebola O. , Ezeja Ejike B. , Ehigiator Laura , Madukwe Ikechukwu U. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Objective: To determine the pattern of self-medication among dental, midwifery and nursing students and to evaluate the factors associated with self-medication. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire-based cross-sectional of dental, nursing and midwifery students undergoing clinical training in University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria was conducted in 2010. The elicited data include demography, use of drug without doctor′s prescription, type of drug used (pain relievers, antibiotics, anti-malarial, cough medication and nutritional supplement), reasons for self-medication, factors that influenced the choice of drug and source of drug. Results: A total of 76.8% of the respondents indulged in self-medication practices. Of which, 33.0% used the medication inappropriately. The type of self-medication use was, pain relievers (60.5%), antibiotics (43.2%), anti-malarial (40.5%), cough medication (16.7%) and nutritional supplement (16.0%). Previous experience with the illness and perceived minor nature of the illness were the predominant reasons for the self-medication practices among the respondents. The major factors that influenced their choice of medication were previous experience with similar symptoms (39.7%), advice of non-doctor health professional (33.5%). Pharmacy shop was the main source of the self-medicated drugs. Conclusion: Self-medication was a common practice among this studied group of health workers. The level of inappropriate drug use denotes self-medication as an unhealthy option, and it therefore, should be discouraged.
Association between diabetes mellitus and periodontal status in north Indian adults
Authors: Pathak Anjani Kumar , Shakya Vijay Kumar , Chandra Anil , Goel Kopal 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of periodontal diseases among individuals with type I and type II diabetes in north India and evaluate the association of this condition with behavioral and clinical variables. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on a calculated sample of 300 individuals with diabetes. Periodontitis was defined as clinical attachment loss (CAL) >3 mm in two or more non-adjacent teeth or those that exhibited CAL >5 mm in 30.0% of teeth. All subjects were over 30 years of age and underwent a periodontal examination. Behavioral characteristics as well as medical history and dental history were obtained with a structured interview. Discrete (categorical) groups were compared by Chi-square (χ2) test. A two-tailed (α=2) P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. GraphPad Prism (version 5.0) was used for the analysis. Results: A total of 6.7% exhibited a healthy periodontium; 68.0% exhibited gingivitis; and 25.3% exhibited periodontitis. The univariate analysis revealed that periodontitis was statistically more prevalent among men (P=0.001); among participants with type II diabetes (P=0.009); those with more than five years of diabetes (P=0.065); those with tobacco smoking habits (P<0.001); and those who had not visited the dentist in the previous year (P<0.001). Conclusion: Multiple determinants are associated with the prevalence of periodontitis among patients with diabetes.
Oral psoriasis: A diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Khan Saif , Zaheer Sufian , Gupta N. D. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractPsoriasis is a chronic, genetically linked, scaly, and inflammatory disease of the skin. Oral manifestations of psoriasis are rare and are often difficult to diagnose. A 35-year-old female presented with gum bleeding, chronic irritation, intolerance to salt and spicy food, and frequent occurrence of painful mouth ulcers with a fissured tongue. Examination of the oral cavity showed desquamations on the buccal mucosa with pedunculated and exophytic growths and also slight gingival enlargements in the anterior segment. The exophytic growths along with gingival enlargement were excised and sent for histopathological examination, which revealed them to be psoriasis. Oral psoriasis is a rare entity and might be confused with other oral mucous membrane dermatoses; hence, it should be considered under differential diagnosis of oral mucous membrane disorders and confirmed histopathologically.
Transurgical re-attachment of coronal fragment in anterior-fractured tooth
Authors: Martos Josué , Marques Mariana M. , da Costa Roberta Katrein , Silveira Luiz F. M. , Nova Cruz Luis E. R. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractEsthetic and functional rehabilitation is the primary goal of the treatment of crown-root-fractured tooth. A 14-year-old male patient that fractured her maxillary left canine with biologic width violation is presented. Transurgical exposures of the fracture remnant were performed to possibility the rubber dam isolation followed by crown re-attachment using bonding system and a resin composite. Clinical and radiographic examination 5 months after trauma showed good esthetics, pulp normality, and periodontal health.
Maxillary antral mucocoele caused by ectopic canine tooth in maxillary sinus
Authors: Dwivedi Chandra D. , Dwivedi Shweta , Chaturvedi Thakur Prasad , Sharma Naresh 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA seventeen year old male presented with a 5 month history of left sided purulent rhinorrhoea and left facial pain. Occlusal view X-ray of maxilla showed the presence of an ectopic canine in the leftt anterosuperior aspect of the maxillary sinus entrapped in soft tissue. Surgical removal of the tooth and the diseased antral tissue was undertaken via a Caldwell-Luc procedure with resolution of symptoms.