bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient Health Questionnaire for School-Based Depression Screening Among Chinese Adolescents
Authors: Tsai Fang-Ju , Huang Yu-Hsin , Liu Hui-Ching , Huang Kuo-Yang , Huang Yen-Hsun , Liu Shen-Ing 
Published: January 2014

OBJECTIVE:
The aim of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of a Chinese version of the Patient Health Questionnaire–9 item (PHQ-9) and its 2 subscales (1 item and 2 items) for the screening of major depressive disorder (MDD) among adolescents in Taiwan.

METHODS:
A total of 2257 adolescents were recruited from high schools in Taipei. The participants completed assessments including demographic information, the Chinese version of the PHQ-9, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and data on the number of physical illnesses and mental health service utilizations were recorded. Among them, 430 were retested using the PHQ-9 within 2 weeks. Child psychiatrists interviewed a subsample of the adolescents (n = 165) using the Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorder and Schizophrenia Epidemiological Version as the criterion standard.

RESULTS:
The PHQ-9 had good internal consistency (α = 0.84) and acceptable test–retest reliability (0.80). The participants with higher PHQ-9 scores were more likely to have MDD. Principal component factor analysis of the PHQ-9 yielded a 1-factor structure, which accounted for 45.3% of the variance. A PHQ-9 score ≥15 had a sensitivity of 0.72 and a specificity of 0.95 for recognizing MDD. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.90. The screening accuracy of the 2 subscales was also satisfactory, with a Patient Health Questionnaire–2 item cutoff of ≥3 being 94.4% sensitive and 82.5% specific and a Patient Health Questionnaire–1 item cutoff of ≥2 being 61.1% sensitive and 87.7% specific.

CONCLUSIONS:
The PHQ-9 and its 2 subscales appear to be reliable and valid for detecting MDD among ethnic Chinese adolescents in Taiwan.
Changes in the Incidence of Candidiasis in Neonatal Intensive Care Units
Authors: Aliaga Sofia , Clark Reese H. , Laughon Matthew , Walsh Thomas J. , Hope William W. , Benjamin Daniel K. , Kaufman David , Arrieta Antonio , Benjamin Daniel K. , Smith P. Brian 
Published: January 2014

OBJECTIVE:
Neonatal invasive candidiasis is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. We describe the association between invasive candidiasis and changes in use of antifungal prophylaxis, empirical antifungal therapy, and broad-spectrum antibacterial antibiotics over time.

METHODS:
We examined data from 709 325 infants at 322 NICUs managed by the Pediatrix Medical Group from 1997 to 2010. We determined the cumulative incidence of invasive candidiasis and use of antifungal prophylaxis, broad-spectrum antibacterial antibiotics, and empirical antifungal therapy by year.

RESULTS:
We identified 2063 (0.3%) infants with 2101 episodes of invasive candidiasis. Over the study period, the annual incidence of invasive candidiasis decreased from 3.6 episodes per 1000 patients to 1.4 episodes per 1000 patients among all infants, from 24.2 to 11.6 episodes per 1000 patients among infants with a birth weight of 750–999 g, and from 82.7 to 23.8 episodes per 1000 patients among infants with a birth weight &lt;750 g. Fluconazole prophylaxis use increased among all infants with a birth weight &lt;1000 g (or &lt;1500 g), with the largest effect on birth weights &lt;750 g, increasing from 3.8 per 1000 patients in 1997 to 110.6 per 1000 patients in 2010. The use of broad-spectrum antibacterial antibiotics decreased among all infants from 275.7 per 1000 patients in 1997 to 48.5 per 1000 patients in 2010. The use of empirical antifungal therapy increased over time from 4.0 per 1000 patients in 1997 to 11.5 per 1000 patients in 2010.

CONCLUSIONS:
The incidence of invasive candidiasis in the NICU decreased over the 14-year study period. Increased use of fluconazole prophylaxis and empirical antifungal therapy, along with decreased use of broad-spectrum antibacterial antibiotics, may have contributed to this observation.
Variation in Quality of Tonsillectomy Perioperative Care and Revisit Rates in Children’s Hospitals
Authors: Mahant Sanjay , Keren Ron , Localio Russell , Luan Xianqun , Song Lihai , Shah Samir S. , Tieder Joel S. , Wilson Karen M. , Elden Lisa , Srivastava Rajendu 
Published: January 2014

OBJECTIVE:To describe the quality of care for routine tonsillectomy at US children’s hospitals.METHODS:We conducted a retrospective cohort study of low-risk children undergoing same-day tonsillectomy between 2004 and 2010 at 36 US children’s hospitals that submit data to the Pediatric Health Information System Database. We assessed quality of care by measuring evidence-based processes suggested by national guidelines, perioperative dexamethasone and no antibiotic use, and outcomes, 30-day tonsillectomy-related revisits to hospital.RESULTS:Of 139 715 children who underwent same-day tonsillectomy, 10 868 (7.8%) had a 30-day revisit to hospital. There was significant variability in the administration of dexamethasone (median 76.2%, range 0.3%–98.8%) and antibiotics (median 16.3%, range 2.7%–92.6%) across hospitals. The most common reasons for revisits were bleeding (3.0%) and vomiting and dehydration (2.2%). Older age (10–18 vs 1–3 years) was associated with a greater standardized risk of revisits for bleeding and a lower standardized risk of revisits for vomiting and dehydration. After standardizing for differences in patients and year of surgery, there was significant variability (P &lt; .001) across hospitals in total revisits (median 7.8%, range 3.0%–12.6%), revisits for bleeding (median 3.0%, range 1.0%–8.8%), and revisits for vomiting and dehydration (median 1.9%, range 0.3%–4.4%).CONCLUSIONS:Substantial variation exists in the quality of care for routine tonsillectomy across US children’s hospitals as measured by perioperative dexamethasone and antibiotic use and revisits to hospital. These data on evidence-based processes and relevant patient outcomes should be useful for hospitals’ tonsillectomy quality improvement efforts.
Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Procalcitonin and C-Reactive Protein in Malnourished Children
Authors: Page Anne-Laure , de Rekeneire Nathalie , Sayadi Sani , Aberrane Saïd , Janssens Ann-Carole , Dehoux Monique , Baron Emmanuel 
Published: January 2014

BACKGROUND:
Early recognition of bacterial infections is crucial for their proper management, but is particularly difficult in children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM). The objectives of this study were to evaluate the accuracy of C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) for diagnosing bacterial infections and assessing the prognosis of hospitalized children with SAM, and to determine the reliability of CRP and PCT rapid tests suitable for remote settings.

METHODS:
From November 2007 to July 2008, we prospectively recruited 311 children aged 6 to 59 months hospitalized with SAM plus a medical complication in Maradi, Niger. Blood, urine, and stool cultures and chest radiography were performed systematically on admission. CRP and PCT were measured by rapid tests and by reference quantitative methods using frozen serum sent to a reference laboratory.

RESULTS:
Median CRP and PCT levels were higher in children with bacteremia or pneumonia than in those with no proven bacterial infection (P &lt; .002). However, both markers performed poorly in identifying invasive bacterial infection, with areas under the curve of 0.64 and 0.67 before and after excluding children with malaria, respectively. At a threshold of 40 mg/L, CRP was the best predictor of death (81% sensitivity, 58% specificity). Rapid test results were consistent with those from reference methods.

CONCLUSIONS:
CRP and PCT are not sufficiently accurate for diagnosing invasive bacterial infections in this population of hospitalized children with complicated SAM. However, a rapid CRP test could be useful in these settings to identify children most at risk for dying.
Improving the Timeliness of Procedures in a Pediatric Endoscopy Suite
Authors: Tomer Gitit , Choi Steven , Montalvo Andrea , Sutton Sheila , Thompson John , Rivas Yolanda 
Published: January 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Pediatric endoscopic procedures are essential in the evaluation and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases in children. Although pediatric endoscopists are greatly interested in increasing efficiency and through-put in pediatric endoscopy units, there is scarcely any literature on this critical process. The goal of this study was to improve the timeliness of pediatric endoscopy procedures at Children’s Hospital at Montefiore.

METHODS:
In June 2010, a pediatric endoscopy quality improvement initiative was formed at Children’s Hospital at Montefiore. We identified patient-, equipment-, and physician-related causes for case delays. Pareto charts, cause and effect diagrams, process flow mapping, and statistical process control charts were used for analysis.

RESULTS:
From June 2010 to December 2012, we were able to significantly decrease the first case endoscopy delay from an average of 17 to 10 minutes (P &lt; .001), second case delay from 39 to 25 minutes (P = .01), third case delay from 61 to 45 minutes (P = .05), and fourth case delay from 79 to 51 minutes (P = .05). Total delay time decreased from 196 to 131 minutes, resulting in a reduction of 65 minutes (P = .02). From June 2010 to August 2011 (preintervention period), an average of 36% of first endoscopy cases started within 5 minutes, 51% within 10 minutes, and 61% within 15 minutes of the scheduled time. From September 2011 to December 2012 (postintervention period), the percentage of cases starting within 5 minutes, 10 minutes, and 15 minutes increased to 47% (P = .07), 61% (P = .04), and 79% (P = .01), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:
Applying quality improvement methods and tools helped improve pediatric endoscopy timeliness and significantly decreased total delays.
Cotinine in Children Admitted for Asthma and Readmission
Authors: Howrylak Judie A. , Spanier Adam J. , Huang Bin , Peake Roy W. A. , Kellogg Mark D. , Sauers Hadley , Kahn Robert S. 
Published: January 2014

OBJECTIVE:To explore the relationship between tobacco smoke exposure (reported versus biomarker) and rates of readmission for children hospitalized for asthma.METHODS:We enrolled a prospective cohort of 774 children aged 1 to 16 years admitted for asthma or bronchodilator-responsive wheezing. The primary outcome was at least 1 asthma- or wheeze-related readmission within 1 year. Caregivers reported any tobacco exposure at home, in a secondary residence, or in the car. We measured serum and saliva cotinine levels with mass spectrometry. We used logistic regression to evaluate associations between tobacco exposure and readmissions.RESULTS:A total of 619 children had complete tobacco exposure data; 57% were African American and 76% had Medicaid. Seventeen percent of children were readmitted within 1 year. Tobacco exposure rates were 35.1%, 56.1%, and 79.6% by report, serum, and saliva measures, respectively. Caregiver report of any tobacco exposure was not associated with readmission (adjusted odds ratio: 1.18; 95% confidence interval: 0.79–1.89), but having detectable serum or salivary cotinine was associated with increased odds of readmission (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.59 [1.02–2.48] and 2.35 [1.22–4.55], respectively). Among children whose caregivers reported no tobacco exposure, 39.1% had detectable serum cotinine and 69.9% had detectable salivary cotinine. Of the children with reported exposure, 87.6% had detectable serum cotinine and 97.7% had detectable salivary cotinine.CONCLUSIONS:Detectable serum and salivary cotinine levels were common among children admitted for asthma and were associated with readmission, whereas caregiver report of tobacco exposure was not.
Attachment of Porphyromonas gingivalis to Corroded Commercially Pure Titanium and Titanium‐Aluminum‐Vanadium Alloy
Authors: Barão Valentim A.R. , Yoon Cheon Joo , Mathew Mathew T. , Yuan Judy Chia‐Chun , Wu Christine D. , Sukotjo Cortino 
Published: January 2014

Background: Titanium dental material can become corroded because of electrochemical interaction in the oral environment. The corrosion process may result in surface modification. It was hypothesized that a titanium surface modified by corrosion may enhance the attachment of periodontal pathogens. This study evaluates the effects of corroded titanium surfaces on the attachment of Porphyromonas gingivalis.Methods: Commercially pure titanium (cp‐Ti) and titanium‐aluminum‐vanadium alloy (Ti‐6Al‐4V) disks were used. Disks were anodically polarized in a standard three‐electrode setting in a simulated oral environment with artificial saliva at pH levels of 3.0, 6.5, or 9.0. Non‐corroded disks were used as controls. Surface roughness was measured before and after corrosion. Disks were inoculated with P. gingivalis and incubated anaerobically at 37°C. After 6 hours, the disks with attached P. gingivalis were stained with crystal violet, and attachment was expressed based on dye absorption at optical density of 550 nm. All assays were performed independently three times in triplicate. Data were analyzed by two‐way analysis of variance, the Tukey honestly significant difference test, t test, and Pearson's correlation test (α = 0.05).Results: Both cp‐Ti and Ti‐6Al‐4V alloy‐corroded disks promoted significantly more bacterial attachment (11.02% and 41.78%, respectively; P <0.0001) than did the non‐corroded controls. Significantly more (11.8%) P. gingivalis attached to the cp‐Ti disks than to the Ti‐6Al‐4V alloy disks (P <0.05). No significant difference in P. gingivalis attachment was noted among the corroded groups for both cp‐Ti and Ti‐6Al‐4V alloy (P >0.05). There was no significant correlation between surface roughness and P. gingivalis attachment.Conclusion: A higher degree of corrosion on the titanium surface may promote increased bacterial attachment by oral pathogens.
Toward an Integrated Vision of Undergraduate Liberal and Accounting Education in the Public Interest: The Holistic Development of Persons and Institutions
Authors: Shapiro Brian P. , Naughton Michael 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT
This paper puts forward a vision that integrates liberal and accounting education to engage students with the idea of vocation and pursuit of the common good through their chosen field of accounting. We adopt a common good definition of the public interest that seeks to advance not only the good of institutions and communities (mutual interests) but also the good of individuals (private interests). This approach engages students to critically reflect on how their life experiences, personal commitments, and future professional work can relate to one another. We first discuss disciplinary fragmentation in higher education and its implications for integrating liberal and accounting education. Next, we describe general learning objectives and concepts that support the integration of liberal learning and accounting education with a public interest orientation. We then apply the approach to critique accounting practices that arguably harm the public interest. The concluding section provides a summary and describes how accounting educators may adapt and scale an approach that fits their institutional setting.
Top Management Resignation and Firms' Subsequent Bankruptcy
Authors: Beams Joseph D. , Huang Hua-Wei , Yan Yun-Chia 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT
Agency theory indicates that a moral hazard occurs when an agent (manager) with superior information has an incentive to behave inappropriately from the perspective of the principal (investor) with inferior information. Because of the superior information that top executives have, they will recognize if the company is declining before outside investors. This gives the executives an opportunity to resign prior to the investors' awareness of the decline. An executive can use this private information to benefit at the expense of the investing public. This study investigates a sample of 9,942 firm-years from 2008 and 2009 and our logistic regression results show a significant relationship between CEO and CFO resignations and the firm's subsequent bankruptcy, even after controlling for other predictors of bankruptcy. However, when both variables are included in the model, only CFO resignation is significant. Due to the significance of these resignations, when some investors have greater details of the reasons for the resignations or receive the information before others, the requirements of the full disclosure principle are not being met. Requiring more timely and forthcoming disclosures about executive resignations may prevent the public from being at a disadvantage when a top executive resigns.
Data Availability: Available upon request.
Triple Bottom Line Accounting and Energy-Efficiency Retrofits in the Social-Housing Sector: A Case Study
Authors: Bewley Kathryn , Schneider Thomas 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT
This paper reports the findings of a case study conducted to learn about the information, actors, actions, and processes involved in energy-efficiency investment decisions in the social-housing sector. These decisions draw on environmental, social, and economic factors, which are studied from a “triple bottom line” (TBL) accounting perspective. The quantitative methods we use rely on Levels I, II, and III fair-value measures similar to those used in financial accounting. The qualitative methods rely primarily on interviews conducted and transcribed by the researchers. Our main findings show that a pure financial bottom-line approach would not fully indicate the overall desirability of the type of energy-efficiency investment undertaken in this case. By factoring in other quantitative and qualitative outcomes drawn from the research methods applied, a different conclusion may be reached.
Data Availability: Available upon request from the authors.
The Symptoms and Consequences of Fiscal Distress in Municipalities: An Investigation of Reductions in Public Services
Authors: Trussel John M. , Patrick Patricia A. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT
This paper uses survival analysis to investigate financial indicators of impending reductions of public services provided by U.S. municipalities. We hypothesize that reductions in public services are positively correlated with revenue risk and debt usage, and negatively correlated with organizational slack and entity resources. We develop and test a model to predict whether a municipality will significantly reduce public services. The model correctly classifies up to 83 percent of the sampled municipalities. The results show that the most important signal of an impending reduction in public services is a high level of intergovernmental revenues relative to total revenues. These results provide important information to citizens, policy-makers, and stakeholders interested in preventing, detecting, and mitigating fiscal conditions that could lead to a reduction in public services.
JEL Classifications: H72, H83, M48
Data Availability: Data are available from public sources identified in this study.
Developing a Conceptual Framework to Appraise the Corporate Social Responsibility Performance of Islamic Banking and Finance Institutions
Authors: Khan M. Mansoor 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT
This paper fills some of the theoretical and empirical deficiencies regarding Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) dimensions in Islamic Banking and Financial Institutions (IBFIs). The firms' CSR initiatives are the key to secure success in modern business and society, and there is a scope to develop a broader understanding of CSR in globally integrated business and financial markets. This paper provides the Islamic perspective of CSR, which is etho-religious based and, thus, more meaningful and intensified. It proposes a CSR framework for IBFIs based on principles of Islamic economics and society. The proposed framework urges IBFIs to engage in community-based banking, work toward the betterment of the poor, ensure the most efficient and socially desirable utilization of financial resources, develop their institutional frameworks, infrastructures, and innovative products to facilitate the wider circulation of wealth and sustainable development in the world. This paper observes that IBFIs have failed to deal with underlying CSR challenges due to lack of commitment and expertise in the field. The CSR-based outlook of IBFIs can only ensure their legitimacy, sustainability, and long-term success.
Accounting PAC Contributions and Committee Speech during the 107th U.S. Congress
Authors: Thornburg Steven W. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT
This study tests the hypothesis that political action committee (PAC) contributions paid by the accounting profession are indirectly associated with the speech performance of congressional committee members debating issues related to auditor independence during the 107th Congress (2001–2002). The hypothesis is based on the assumption that PAC contributions represent payments for access to lobby legislators and a theory of lobbying as legislative subsidy that predicts legislators who are granted legislative subsidies will increase their participation and effort. Legislative effort is measured as the qualitatively coded speech counts of 126 individual committee members during 17 hearings related to financial auditing held over 21 days by 6 committees of the U.S. House of Representatives. The results indicate a positive association between aggregate PAC contributions paid by the Big 5 and the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) and anti-regulatory speech counts of House committee members. No association was found for aggregate contributions and pro-regulatory speech counts. Results are mixed when PAC contributions are disaggregated by funding source indicating heterogeneity among firms in their contribution patterns.
Nano-titanium oxide doped with gold, silver, and palladium — synthesis and structural characterization
Authors: Ziemkowska Wanda , Basiak Dariusz , Kurtycz Patrycja , Jastrzębska Agnieszka , Olszyna Andrzej , Kunicki Antoni 
Published: January 2014

AbstractNano-titania doped with noble metals (Au/TiO2, Ag/TiO2, Pd/TiO2) has been synthesized by mild hydrolysis of the mixture of metal salts or complexes and titanium isopropoxide ((iPr-O)4Ti). After thermal decomposition of the obtained precursors, nanomaterials were formed. Morphological characterization of the nanomaterials was provided by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and stereological analysis, determining the BET specific surface area, and BJH nanoporosity (pore volume, pore size). It has been found that the structure of nanomaterials (size of nanoparticles and agglomerates) depended strongly on the method of the (iPr-O)4Ti hydrolysis. A minor dependence on the kind of solvents and precursors of noble metals was observed. The presence of doping metal nanoparticles was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Nanomaterial phases were identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD). According to the XRD patterns, Ag/TiO2 and Pd/TiO2 products with doping metals in their oxidized form contain Ag-Ti and Pd-Ti phases. Peaks of the metal oxides Ag2O and PdO are absent in the XRD patterns. The average size of TiO2 nanoparticles is situated in the region of 20–60 nm, whereas metals are present as about 10–15 nm sized particles and fine nanoparticles.