bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
General population screening for type 1 diabetes using islet autoantibodies at the preschool vaccination visit: a proof-of-concept study (the T1Early study)
Authors: Scudder Claire , Townson Julia , Bowen-Morris Jane , Gillespie Kathleen , Evans Philip , Jones Sarah , Thomas Nicholas P B , Stanford Jane , Fox Robin , Todd John A , Greenfield Sheila , Dayan Colin M , Besser Rachel E J 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveType 1 diabetes (T1D) screening programmes testing islet autoantibodies (IAbs) in childhood can reduce life-threatening diabetic ketoacidosis. General population screening is required to detect the majority of children with T1D, since in >85% there is no family history. Age 3–5 years has been proposed as an optimal age for a single screen approach.DesignCapillary samples were collected from children attending their preschool vaccination and analysed for IAbs to insulin, glutamic acid decarboxylase, islet antigen-2 and zinc transporter 8 using radiobinding/luciferase immunoprecipitation system assays. Acceptability was assessed using semistructured interviews and open-ended postcard questionnaires with parents.SettingTwo primary care practices in Oxfordshire, UK.Main outcome measuresThe ability to collect capillary blood to test IAbs in children at the routine preschool vaccination (3.5–4 years).ResultsOf 134 parents invited, 66 (49%) were recruited (median age 3.5 years (IQR 3.4–3.6), 26 (39.4%) male); 63 provided a sample (97% successfully), and one participant was identified with a single positive IAb. Parents (n=15 interviews, n=29 postcards) were uniformly positive about screening aligned to vaccination and stated they would have been less likely to take part had screening been a separate visit. Themes identified included preparedness for T1D and the long-term benefit outweighing short-term upset. The perceived volume of the capillary sample was a potential concern and needs optimising.ConclusionsCapillary IAb testing is a possible method to screen children for T1D. Aligning collection to the preschool vaccination visit can be convenient for families without the need for an additional visit.
Psychosocial predictors of doping intentions and use in sport and exercise: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ntoumanis Nikos , Dølven Sigurd , Barkoukis Vassilis , Boardley Ian David , Hvidemose Johan S , Juhl Carsten B , Gucciardi Daniel F 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveTo conduct a meta-analytic review of psychosocial predictors of doping intention, doping use and inadvertent doping in sport and exercise settings.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesScopus, Medline, Embase, PsychINFO, CINAHL Plus, ProQuest Dissertations/Theses and Open Grey.Eligibility criteriaStudies (of any design) that measured the outcome variables of doping intention, doping use and/or inadvertent dopingandat least one psychosocial determinant of those three variables.ResultsWe included studies from 25 experiments (N=13 586) and 186 observational samples (N=3 09 130). Experimental groups reported lower doping intentions (g=−0.21, 95% CI (−0.31 to –0.12)) and doping use (g=−0.08, 95% CI (−0.14 to –0.03), but not inadvertent doping (g=−0.70, 95% CI (−1.95 to 0.55)), relative to comparators. For observational studies, protective factors were inversely associated with doping intentions (z=−0.28, 95% CI −0.31 to –0.24), doping use (z=−0.09, 95% CI −0.13 to to –0.05) and inadvertent doping (z=−0.19, 95% CI −0.32 to –0.06). Risk factors were positively associated with doping intentions (z=0.29, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.32) and use (z=0.17, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.19), but not inadvertent doping (z=0.08, 95% CI −0.06 to 0.22). Risk factors for both doping intentions and use included prodoping norms and attitudes, supplement use, body dissatisfaction and ill-being. Protective factors for both doping intentions and use included self-efficacy and positive morality.ConclusionThis study identified several protective and risk factors for doping intention and use that may be viable intervention targets for antidoping programmes. Protective factors were negatively associated with inadvertent doping; however, the empirical volume is limited to draw firm conclusions.
How race and socioeconomic status moderate the association between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and depressive symptoms: a cross-sectional study with compositional data
Authors: Liu Yujie , Ge Xin , Wang Ying , Qiao Shan , Cai Yong 
Published: June 2024

Objectives
This study explored how race and socioeconomic status (SES) moderated the association between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and depressive symptoms with compositional data.

Methods
Participants were 2803 US adults from the 2005–2006 cycle of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Accelerometers were used to measure MVPA, light-intensity physical activity (LPA) and sedentary behaviours (SB). Participants self-reported sleep duration and depressive symptoms. SES was derived by latent class analysis using household income level, education attainment and occupation. The association between the relative time of MVPA and depressive symptoms and the moderating effects of race and SES were investigated through compositional data analysis. Isotemporal substitution analysis was employed to estimate the association of time reallocation from other movement behaviours to MVPA with depressive symptoms.

Results
Increased time spent in MVPA relative to time spent in LPA, SB and sleep was inversely associated with depressive symptoms (OR (95% CI)=0.679 (0.538–0.855)). The relative time of MVPA significantly interacted with race and SES for depressive symptoms (P for interaction <0.05). Reallocating 10–30 min from sleep, SB or LPA to MVPA was associated with lower odds of depressive symptoms solely among non-Hispanic white individuals and those with higher SES.

Conclusion
This study used compositional data to reveal a reverse association between MVPA and depressive symptoms among white individuals and those with higher SES. Our results provide evidence of how race and SES moderate the relationship between MVPA and depressive symptoms. Future research is needed to further explore these racial and socioeconomic differences.
Implementation of quality indicators for palliative care for patients with incurable cancer at palliative care units in Germany (Quincie): a study protocol for a mixed-methods study
Authors: van Baal Katharina , Ernst Alexandra , Schade Franziska , Stiel Stephanie 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionGuidelines are important tools for supporting quality management in the care of patients with cancer. However, in clinical practice barriers exist to their implementation. Consequently, Quincie aims at: (1) gaining a comprehensive picture of the implementation of quality indicators from the national guideline on palliative care for patients with incurable cancer in palliative care units and (2) describing the factors that facilitate and hinder their implementation to develop recommendations.Methods and analysisThe Quincie study follows a mixed-methods approach across two study phases. In phase 1, routinely collected data of 845 patients with incurable cancer from eight palliative care units in the commuting area of the Comprehensive Cancer Centre Lower Saxony will be analysed, regarding the implementation of 10 quality indicators from the national guideline on palliative care. Structural characteristics of the palliative care units will also be collected. In phase 2, recommendations for the practical implementation of the quality indicators, focusing on the achievement of the quality objectives identified in phase 1, will be developed in an implementation workshop. These recommendations will be subsequently agreed on via a Delphi survey.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been given by the ethics committee of the Hannover Medical School (first vote, No. 10567_BO_K_2022) and other relevant institutions. The results will provide urgently needed insights on the implementation of the national guideline on palliative care in clinical care and on the factors that facilitate and hinder this implementation. The results are expected to promote better care for patients with incurable cancer. The results will be directly reported to the participating palliative care units and will be published in relevant peer-reviewed journals. They will also be presented at national conferences.Trial registration numberGerman Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00029965).
Shared symptomatology between atopic dermatitis, ADHD and autism spectrum disorder: a protocol for a systematic scoping review
Authors: Nguyen N Tan , Ragamin Aviël , Rietman André B , Nijsten Tamar E C , Schappin Renske 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionChildren with atopic dermatitis (AD) are more at risk for the neurodevelopmental disorders attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with parallel increases in global prevalences. Children afflicted with these conditions appear to share similar problems in sensory modulation but investigational studies on the underlying aetiology are scarce. This scoping review aims to find knowledge gaps, collate hypotheses and to summarise available evidence on the shared pathophysiology of AD, ADHD and ASD in children.Methods and analysisOur study will follow the methodological manual published by the Joanna Briggs Methodology for Scoping Reviews and will be reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews. The following electronic databases will be searched for studies focused on children with AD and symptoms of ADHD and/or ASD: Medline ALL via Ovid, Embase, Web of Science Core Collection and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials via Wiley.Ethics and disseminationThis review does not require ethics approval as it will not be conducted with human participants. We will only use published data. Our dissemination strategy includes peer review publication and conference reports.
Prehabilitation in patients with cirrhosis awaiting liver transplantation: protocol of a feasibility study
Authors: Benmassaoud Amine , Gillis Chelsia , Geraci Olivia , Martel Myriam , Awasthi Rashami , Barkun Jeffrey , Chen Tianyan , Edgar Linda , Sebastiani Giada , Carli Francesco , Bessissow Amal 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionPatients with cirrhosis awaiting liver transplantation (LT) are often frail, and malnourished. The period of time on the waitlist provides an opportunity to improve their physical fitness. Prehabilitation appears to improve the physical fitness of patients before major surgery. Little is known about prehabilitation in patients with cirrhosis. The aim of this feasibility study will be to investigate the feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of a multimodal prehabilitation programme in this patient population.Methods and analysisThis is an open-label single-arm feasibility trial recruiting 25 consecutive adult patients with cirrhosis active on the LT waiting list of the McGill University Health Centre (MUHC). Individuals will be excluded based on criteria developed for the safe exercise training in patients with cirrhosis. Enrolled individuals will participate in a multimodal prehabilitation programme conducted at the PeriOperative Programme complex of the MUHC. It includes exercise training with a certified kinesiologist (aerobic and resistance training), nutritional optimisation with a registered dietician and psychological support with a nurse specialist. The exercise training programme is divided into an induction phase with three sessions per week for 4 weeks followed by a maintenance phase with one session every other week for 20 weeks. Aerobic training will be individualised based on result from cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and will include a high-intensity interval training on a cycle ergometer. Feasibility, adherence and acceptability of the intervention will be assessed. Adverse events will be reviewed before each visit. Changes in exercise capacity (6-minute walk test, CPET, liver frailty index), nutritional status and health-related quality of life will be assessed during the study. Post-transplantation outcomes will be recorded.Ethics and disseminationThe research ethics board of the MUHC has approved this study (2021-7646). Our findings will be submitted for presentation at national and international conferences, and for peer-reviewed publication.Trial registration numberNCT05237583.
Prevalence and determinants of suspected developmental delays among 12-month-old children in northeast of Iran: a large-scale population-based study
Authors: Kazemian Seyedeh Vajiheh , Farkhani Ehsan Mousa , Jarahi Lida 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundEarly identification of suspected developmental delays (SDDs) is crucial for planning early interventions. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of SDDs and the associated determinants in children aged 12 months in the northeast of Iran, using the Age and Stage Questionnaire-3 (ASQ-3) as the evaluative tool.MethodsThis study conducted an analytical cross-sectional design to investigate all children who had completed the ASQ-3 screening form at 12 months of age within the time frame of 2016–2023 in the northeast of Iran. The necessary data were extracted from the electronic health record database associated with Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. To examine the factors associated with SDDs within each domain of the ASQ-3, a multiple logistic regression model was employed, and the results were presented using ORs along with 95% CIs.ResultsOver 7 years, 236 476 children (96.74%) underwent routine ASQ-3 screening at 12 months. After excluding certain cases, 226 076 children (95.60%) were included. Among them, 51 593 children (22.82%) had a score below −1 SD, indicating SDD prevalence in at least one domain. The social–personal domain had the highest prevalence with 22 980 children (10.16%), while the gross motor domain had the lowest with 5650 children (2.50%). Logistic regression analysis identified strong predictors of SDDs, including hospitalisation at birth (OR=1.85, 95% CI:1.69 to 2.02), prematurity (OR=1.56, 95% CI: 1.37 to 1.79), urbanisation (OR=1.51, 95% CI: 1.45 to 1.57), boys (OR=1.36, 95% CI: 1.31 to 1.40) and lack of exclusive breast feeding until 6 months (OR=1.30, 95% CI: 1.25 to 1.34).ConclusionThe prevalence of SDDs highlights the urgency for prompt action, while considering contributing factors. Policymakers can address modifiable risk factors associated with SDDs, including urbanisation risks, support programmes for immigrant families and the importance of exclusive breast feeding until 6 months. Additionally, it is recommended establishing gender-specific local standard cut-off points for the ASQ.
Intracoronary thrombolysis in ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Rehan Rajan , Virk Sohaib , Wong Christopher C Y , Passam Freda , Layland Jamie , Keech Anthony , Yong Andy , White Harvey D , Fearon William , Ng Martin 
Published: June 2024

Background
Despite restoration of epicardial blood flow in acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), inadequate microcirculatory perfusion is common and portends a poor prognosis. Intracoronary (IC) thrombolytic therapy can reduce microvascular thrombotic burden; however, contemporary studies have produced conflicting outcomes.

Objectives
This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adjunctive IC thrombolytic therapy at the time of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) among patients with STEMI.

Methods
Comprehensive literature search of six electronic databases identified relevant randomised controlled trials. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiac events (MACE). The pooled risk ratio (RR) and weighted mean difference (WMD) with a 95% CI were calculated.

Results

12 studies with 1915 patients were included. IC thrombolysis was associated with a significantly lower incidence of MACE (RR=0.65, 95% CI 0.51 to 0.82, I
2
=0%, p<0.0004) and improved left ventricular ejection fraction (WMD=1.87; 95% CI 1.07 to 2.67; I
2
=25%; p<0.0001). Subgroup analysis demonstrated a significant reduction in MACE for trials using non-fibrin (RR=0.39, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.78, I
2
=0%, p=0.007) and moderately fibrin-specific thrombolytic agents (RR=0.62, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.83, I
2
=0%, p=0.001). No significant reduction was observed in studies using highly fibrin-specific thrombolytic agents (RR=1.10, 95% CI 0.62 to 1.96, I
2
=0%, p=0.75). Furthermore, there were no significant differences in mortality (RR=0.91; 95% CI 0.48 to 1.71; I
2
=0%; p=0.77) or bleeding events (major bleeding, RR=1.24; 95% CI 0.47 to 3.28; I
2
=0%; p=0.67; minor bleeding, RR=1.47; 95% CI 0.90 to 2.40; I
2
=0%; p=0.12).

Conclusion
Adjunctive IC thrombolysis at the time of primary PCI in patients with STEMI improves clinical and myocardial perfusion parameters without an increased rate of bleeding. Further research is needed to optimise the selection of thrombolytic agents and treatment protocols.
First-ever seizure and eligibility for commercial motor vehicle driving
Authors: Lawn Nicholas , Lee Judy , Dunne John 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundAfter a first-ever seizure, 6 months of seizure freedom is usually required before returning to driving a private motor vehicle, after which the annual risk of seizure recurrence has fallen to ≤20%. Stricter criteria apply for commercial driver’s licence (CDL) holders, and a longer period of seizure freedom sufficient for the annual risk of recurrence to be <2% is recommended. However, CDL guidelines are based on little data with few studies having long-term follow-up.Methods1714 patients with first-ever seizures were prospectively studied. Seizure recurrence was evaluated using survival analysis. The annual conditional risk of seizure recurrence was calculated for patients with first-ever unprovoked and acute symptomatic seizures, and according to the presence or absence of clinical, electroencephalogram (EEG) and neuroimaging risk factors for recurrence.ResultsThe annual risk of recurrence for unprovoked first seizures did not fall below 2% until after 9 years of seizure freedom. The annual risk after 5 years of seizure freedom was still 3.9% (95% CI 1.8% to 6.1%) including for those without epileptiform abnormalities on EEG and with normal imaging. For acute symptomatic first seizures, the annual recurrence risk was 4.5% (95% CI 2.3% to 6.7%) after 1 year and fell below 2% only after 4 years of seizure freedom.ConclusionsFor unprovoked and acute symptomatic first-ever seizure and CDL, a higher-than-expected annual seizure risk persists beyond the currently recommended seizure-free periods, even in those without risk factors for recurrence. Our data can inform decisions regarding a return to driving for CDL holders after first-ever seizure.
Visuospatial dysfunction predicts dementia-first phenoconversion in isolated REM sleep behaviour disorder
Authors: Wang Jing , Huang Bei , Zhou Li , Tang Shi , Feng Hongliang , Chan Joey W Y , Chau Steven W H , Zhang Jihui , Li Shirley X , Mok Vincent , Wing Yun Kwok , Liu Yaping 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveWhile isolated rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder (iRBD) is known as a prodrome of α-synucleinopathies, the prediction for its future phenoconversion to parkinsonism-first or dementia-first subtype remains a challenge. This study aimed to investigate whether visuospatial dysfunction predicts dementia-first phenoconversion in iRBD.MethodsPatients with iRBD and control subjects were enrolled in this prospective cohort study. Baseline neuropsychological assessment included the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale part III, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Rey-Osterrieth complex figure (ROCF), Colour Trails test (CTT), Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue test and Digit Span test. The anterior and posterior subscores of MoCA as well as their modified versions were explored. A composite score derived from ROCF and CTT was also explored. Regular follow-up was conducted to determine the phenoconversion status of iRBD patients.ResultsThe study included 175 iRBD patients and 98 controls. During a mean follow-up of 5.1 years, 25.7% of patients experienced phenoconversion. Most of the neuropsychological tests could differentiate dementia-first but not parkinsonism-first convertors from non-convertors. The modified posterior subscore of MoCA, by integrating the Alternating Trail Making and Clock Drawing components into original the posterior subscore, which mainly reflects visuospatial function, was the strongest predictor for dementia-first phenoconversion (adjusted HR 5.48, 95% CI 1.67 to 17.98).ConclusionVisuospatial dysfunction, as reflected mainly by the modified posterior subscore of MoCA, is a predictive factor for dementia-first phenoconversion in iRBD, suggesting its potential for being a biomarker for clinical prognostic prediction and potential neuroprotective trials aiming to delay or prevent dementia.
Relationships between asbestos exposure and pleural plaques: dose and time effects using fractional polynomials
Authors: Menant Morgane , Benlala Ilyes , Thaon Isabelle , Andujar Pascal , Julia Benoist , Brochard Patrick , Chouaid Christos , Clin Bénédicte , Gislard Antoine , Gramond Celine , Paris Christophe , Pairon Jean-Claude , Delva Fleur 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to confirm the relationship between several parameters of exposure to asbestos and pleural plaques (PP) using data from a large cohort of retired workers occupationally exposed to asbestos in France.MethodA large screening programme, including high-resolution CT (HRCT) examinations at inclusion and two other HRCT campaigns, was organised from 2003 to 2016 in four regions of France for voluntary, formerly asbestos-exposed workers. Exposure to asbestos has been evaluated by industrial hygienists based on the complete work history. The time since first exposure, the time since last exposure, Cumulative Exposure Index and maximum level of exposure to asbestos, were used in logistic regression using fractional polynomials to model the relationship with PP.ResultsThe study included 5392 subjects with at least one HRCT available. There was a significant non-linear effect of time since first exposure, time since last exposure and Cumulative Exposure Index to asbestos on the presence of PP. The risk of PP increased with increasing Cumulative Exposure Index to asbestos adjusted for time since first exposure, age and smoking status. Models also show that PP odds rise with increasing time since first exposure adjusted for cumulative index exposure, age and smoking status. PP odds decrease when time since last exposure increases.ConclusionThe study provides new data on the link between asbestos exposure and the presence of PP using fractional polynomials with non-linear relationships for time exposure parameters and asbestos exposure parameters.