bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of clinically significant depression in HIV‐infected patients: effect of antiretroviral drugs
Authors: Gutiérrez F , García L , Padilla S , Álvarez D , Moreno S , Navarro G , Gómez‐Sirvent JL , Vidal F , Asensi V , Masiá M ,   CoRIS
Published: November 2013

ObjectivesWe aimed to characterize depression in newly diagnosed HIV‐infected patients, to determine the effect of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on its incidence, and to investigate whether efavirenz use was associated with a higher risk, compared with non‐efavirenz‐containing regimens, in the Spanish CoRIS cohort.MethodsCoRIS is a contemporary, multicentre cohort of HIV‐infected patients, antiretroviral‐naïve at entry, launched in 2004. Poisson regression models were used to investigate demographic, clinical and treatment‐related factors associated with a higher incidence of clinically significant depression to October 2010.ResultsIn total, 5185 patients (13 089 person‐years) participated in the study, of whom 3379 (65.2%) started ART during follow‐up. The incidence rates of depression before and after starting ART were 11.68 [95% confidence interval (CI) 9.01–15.15] and 7.06 (95% CI 5.45–9.13) cases per 1000 person‐years, respectively. After adjustment, there was an inverse association between the occurrence of depression and the initiation of ART [incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.53; 95% CI 0.28–0.99], while the likelihood of depression increased in patients of age > 50 years (IRR 1.94; 95% CI 1.21–3.12). Longer exposure to ART was associated with a decreased IRR of depression in unadjusted and adjusted analyses. The IRR for patients receiving < 2, 2–4 and > 4 years of ART was 0.72 (95% CI 0.36–1.44), 0.10 (95% CI 0.04–0.25) and 0.05 (95% CI 0.01–0.17), respectively, compared with ART‐naïve patients. This protective effect was also observed when durations of exposure to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor‐based regimens and efavirenz‐containing regimens were analysed separately.ConclusionsThe incidence of clinically significant depression was lower among HIV‐infected patients on ART. The protective effect of ART was also observed with efavirenz‐containing regimens.
Improvement of microbial transglutaminase‐induced gelation of β‐conglycinin by conjugation with dextran
Authors: Zhang Jinbo , Wu Nana , Yang Xiaoquan , He Xiuting , Guo Jian , Zhu Jianhua 
Published: November 2013

SummaryThis work focused on the effect of glycosylation on the gelation ability of β‐conglycinin induced by microbial transglutaminase (MTGase). Rheological results indicated that the gels of β‐conglycinin‐dextran conjugate products exhibited higher G′ value (172.2 ± 8.6 Pa) compared with those of dry‐heated β‐conglycinin (75.2 ± 5.1 Pa), β‐conglycinin (53.3 ± 4.0 Pa) and β‐conglycinin‐dextran mixture (38.6 ± 2.6 Pa) after 4 h incubation with MTGase. The gels prepared from β‐conglycinin‐dextran conjugate products had higher hardness, fracturability, springiness and cohesiveness values determined by textural profile analysis. The turbidity of β‐conglycinin‐dextran conjugate products solution incubated with MTGase increased faster than those of the other three protein samples. The conjugated dextran in β‐conglycinin‐dextran conjugate products could inhibit extensive protein–protein interactions which might result in the formation of more ordered and stronger gel network structures during MTGase cross‐linking process. A compact and homogeneous gel networks in β‐conglycinin‐dextran conjugate products gels were also observed by scanning electron microscopy.
In vitro gastrointestinal digestion of polyphenols from different molasses (pekmez) and leather (pestil) varieties
Authors: Kamiloglu Senem , Capanoglu Esra 
Published: November 2013

SummaryIn this study, to evaluate the in vitro bioaccessibility of eight different pekmez and pestil samples, total phenolics, flavonoids, proanthocyanidins, anthocyanins and antioxidant capacity were determined at different phases of simulated gastrointestinal (GI) digestion. For the analysis of antioxidant activity, four different methods were used including 2,2‐azinobis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline)‐6‐sulfonic acid, 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazil, ferric reducing antioxidant power and cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity. The results revealed that the dialysed fraction (IN) represented 12–50%, 3–17% and 3–72% of the total phenolics, flavonoids and proanthocyanidins, respectively. Moreover, total antioxidant capacity of IN fraction was 2–57% of the initial values obtained for pekmez and pestil samples. To identify the influence of simulated in vitro GI digestion on total anthocyanins, only black mulberry molasses (pekmez) and plum leather (pestil) were analysed and according to the results no anthocyanins were detected in the IN fraction for both samples. The present study presented a detailed insight of bioaccessibility of polyphenols in various pekmez and pestil samples.
Postharvest performance of fresh‐cut ‘Big Top’ nectarine as affected by dipping in chemical preservatives and packaging in modified atmosphere
Authors: Cefola Maria , Pace Bernardo , Sergio Lucrezia , Baruzzi Federico , Gatto Maria Antonia , Carito Antonia , Linsalata Vito , Cascarano Nicholas A. , Di Venere Donato 
Published: November 2013

SummaryFresh‐cut ‘Big Top’ nectarines were dipped in 2% (w/v) ascorbic acid–1% (w/v) calcium lactate and stored at 4 °C for up to 12 days in 10 kPa O2‐ and 10 kPa CO2‐modified atmosphere packaging (MAP). The used microperforated plastic film allowed O2 and CO2 concentrations to reach steady values from the fifth day in storage onwards. Samples stored in MAP after chemical dipping showed the highest visual quality score, slight browning symptoms, increment in firmness and very low ethanol and acetaldehyde content. The chemical dipping also increased antioxidant capacity, probably due to the effect of ascorbic acid. The results suggested that the control of yeasts was mainly exerted by MAP, whereas only a slight effect was achieved by the chemical dipping. Therefore, MAP plus ascorbic acid/calcium lactate dipping was the best combination to preserve phytochemical content, antioxidant capacity and microbiological safety of fresh‐cut nectarines during storage.
Poststroke Anxiety is Prevalent at the Population Level, Especially among Socially Deprived and Younger Age Community Stroke Survivors
Authors: Broomfield Niall. M. , Scoular Anne , Welsh Peter , Walters Matthew , Evans Jonathan J. 
Published: November 2013

Background Most studies of poststroke anxiety prevalence are hospital based, so knowledge of anxiety in community stroke survivors is limited. Few studies address the association between poststroke anxiety and patient age. No study has explored the relationship between poststroke anxiety prevalence and social deprivation. Aims This study aims to describe population level prevalence data of poststroke anxiety and to explore association of poststroke anxiety prevalence with patient age, gender, and social deprivation. Methods Observational study of 3831 community stroke survivors attending general practice reviews from April 1, 2009 to March 31, 2010 in Greater Glasgow, United Kingdom. Univariate and multivariate analyses investigated the association between poststroke anxiety prevalence (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale: anxiety sub-scale [HADS-A]), age, gender, and deprivation variables. Results Six hundred eighteen (16·1%) of 3831 community-dwelling stroke survivors had definite abnormal mood on HADS-A (≥11), with 952 (31·5%) scoring ≥8. Sixty-five (35·5%) of stroke survivors aged under 50 years had definite abnormal mood on HADS-A compared with 59 (7·2%) of over 80 year olds. Three hundred forty (19·8%) of women had definite abnormal mood on HADS-A compared with 278 (13·1%) of men. Three hundred seventy-two (22·6%) of most deprived stroke survivors had definite abnormal mood on HADS-A compared with 49 (7·6%) of least deprived. Age, gender, and social deprivation all contributed significantly to HADS-A score variance. Conclusion Using a conservative HADS-A cutoff, a high prevalence of definite abnormal anxiety in community stroke survivors is observed. This prevalence increases markedly in younger and more socially deprived stroke survivors.
Potential Gains and Costs from Increasing Access to Thrombolysis for Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients in New Zealand Hospitals
Authors: Ao Braden Te , Brown Paul , Fink John , Vivian Mark , Feigin Valery 
Published: November 2013

Background and aim Treatment of ischemic stroke patients with tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) is known to be effective and cost-effective, yet the percentage of patients treated with thrombolysis in hospitals remains low. The purpose of this study is to examine whether providing thrombolysis in New Zealand hospitals is currently cost-effective and to estimate the amount that might be spent on campaigns aimed at increasing thrombolysis receipt rates. Methods A decision-analytic model was developed and populated using health services data from the literature and the Auckland Regional Community Stroke Outcome Study. The cost–utilities of providing thrombolysis over one-year and patient lifetime were estimated. Using a threshold of NZ$20 000 (US$15 337) per quality-adjusted life year, the analysis identified the maximum amount that might be spent on campaigns aiming to increase rates of receipt of thrombolysis above their current levels. Monte Carlo simulations and probabilistic sensitivity analysis explored the robustness of the findings. Results Providing thrombolysis was cost-effective, especially when long-term costs and effects were considered (NZ$6641 or US$5093 per quality-adjusted life year). The results suggest that better management within hospitals would be more effective in increasing thrombolysis receipt rates (up to 17%) than campaigns aiming at higher awareness of stroke symptoms in the community. The amount that might be spent on a national campaign to increase rate of receipt of thrombolysis from its current level (3% of eligible patients) depended upon the effectiveness of the campaign, ranging from under NZ$6 million for New Zealand for an increase in rate to 30% to over $9 million for an increase in rate to 50%. Conclusion While thrombolysis is a cost-effective treatment in New Zealand, resources should be devoted to campaigns, both within hospitals and in the community, to increase coverage.
Stroke Unit Care and Trends of In-Hospital Mortality for Stroke in Germany 2005–2010
Authors: Nimptsch Ulrike , Mansky Thomas 
Published: November 2013

Background In Germany, the financing of stroke unit care was implemented into the hospital reimbursement system in 2006. Since then, many acute care hospitals newly implemented stroke units. Simultaneous, in-hospital mortality for stroke declined. Aims The study aims to analyze the association of mortality trends for stroke with the increasing provision of stroke unit care in German hospitals. Methods Hospitalizations for acute stroke from 2005 to 2010 are identified in the nationwide German Diagnosis Related Groups statistics. Trends of risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality are studied stratified by existence of a stroke unit in the admitting hospital, as well as stratified by cohorts of hospitals defined by the respective period of stroke unit implementation. Results Overall, mortality in patients admitted to stroke unit hospitals is lower (crude 9·2%; adjusted 9·8%) compared to patients admitted to nonstroke unit hospitals (12·7%; 11·6%). The longitudinal analysis revealed a general secular trend of declining mortality in all cohorts of hospitals. However, while all stroke unit-providing hospital cohorts converge to a quite similar level of mortality in 2010, mortality in hospitals without stroke unit remains significantly higher. Reduction of mortality in hospitals with early provision of stroke unit care seems to be attributable to the secular trend. A reduction of mortality exceeding the secular trend was observed in hospitals with late stroke unit implementation. Conclusions The earlier stroke unit implementations might represent rather ‘formal’ inceptions in experienced hospitals with preexisting appropriate stroke care, whereas late implementations seem to have caused extra improvements. Overall, stroke patients are more likely to survive when admitted to an stroke unit-providing hospital. A more stringent assignment of acute stroke patients to stroke unit-providing hospitals could possibly further reduce stroke mortality in Germany.
Is Preventing Coerced Repatriation Ethical and Possible? The Case ofNGORepatriation of South Sudanese in Israel
Authors: Gerver Mollie 
Published: November 2013

Abstract“Voluntary repatriation” to a country of origin may be necessary to restore refugees' rights, when only a country of origin will provide rights associated with citizenship. Yet, if refugees are returning because they do not have access to basic rights in a host country, their return is not voluntary according toUNHCRguidelines (1996). There is a tension between facilitating repatriation to restore rights, and ensuring that repatriation is voluntary. This article will first draw on arguments from moral philosophy to suggest an alternative policy to currentUNHCRguidelines. Following this normative analysis, the article hypothesizes that, on an empirical level, a repatriation policy that attempts to only facilitate repatriation that is not coerced, out of concern for voluntariness alone, may fail both to prevent coerced returns and to restore right through repatriation. This hypothesis was then tested in the case of South Sudanese repatriation from Israel between 2009‐2012.
The substantial hospitalization burden of influenza in central China: surveillance for severe, acute respiratory infection, and influenza viruses, 2010–2012
Authors: Yu Hongjie , Huang Jigui , Huai Yang , Guan Xuhua , Klena John , Liu Shali , Peng Youxing , Yang Hui , Luo Jun , Zheng Jiandong , Chen Maoyi , Peng Zhibin , Xiang Nijuan , Huo Xixiang , Xiao Lin , Jiang Hui , Chen Hui , Zhang Yuzhi , Xing Xuesen , Xu Zhen , Feng Zijian , Zhan Faxian , Yang Weizhong , Uyeki Timothy M. , Wang Yu , Varma Jay K. 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundPublished data on influenza in severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) patients are limited. We conducted SARI surveillance in central China and estimated hospitalization rates of SARI attributable to influenza by viral type/subtype.MethodsSurveillance was conducted at four hospitals in Jingzhou, China from 2010 to 2012. We enrolled hospitalized patients who had temperature ≥37·3°C and at least one of: cough, sore throat, tachypnea, difficulty breathing, abnormal breath sounds on auscultation, sputum production, hemoptysis, chest pain, or chest radiograph consistent with pneumonia. A nasopharyngeal swab was collected from each case‐patient within 24 hours of admission for influenza testing by real‐time reverse transcription PCR.ResultsOf 17 172 SARI patients enrolled, 90% were aged <15 years. The median duration of hospitalization was 5 days. Of 16 208 (94%) SARI cases tested, 2057 (13%) had confirmed influenza, including 1427 (69%) aged <5 years. Multiple peaks of influenza occurred during summer, winter, and spring months. Influenza was associated with an estimated 115 and 142 SARI hospitalizations per 100 000 during 2010–2011 and 2011–2012 [including A(H3N2): 55 and 44 SARI hospitalizations per 100 000; pandemic A(H1N1): 33 SARI hospitalizations per 100 000 during 2010–2011; influenza B: 26 and 98 hospitalizations per 100 000], with the highest rate among children aged 6–11 months (3603 and 3805 hospitalizations per 100 000 during 2010–2011 and 2011–2012, respectively).ConclusionsIn central China, influenza A and B caused a substantial number of hospitalizations during multiple periods each year. Our findings strongly suggest that young children should be the highest priority group for annual influenza vaccination in China.
Thiol changes during epididymal maturation: a link to flagellar angulation in mouse spermatozoa?
Authors: Ijiri T. W. , Vadnais M. L. , Huang A. P. , Lin A. M. , Levin L. R. , Buck J. , Gerton G. L. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryCaput epididymal wild‐type spermatozoa and cauda epididymal spermatozoa from mice null for the adenylyl cyclase Adcy10 gene are immotile unless stimulated by a membrane‐permeant cyclic AMP analogue. Both types of spermatozoa exhibit flagellar angulation where the head folds back under these conditions. As sperm proteins undergo oxidation of sulfhydryl groups and the flagellum becomes more stable to external forces during epididymal transit, we hypothesized that ADCY10 is involved in a mechanism regulating flagellar stabilization. Although no differences were observed in global sulfhydryl status between caput and cauda epididymal spermatozoa from wild‐type or Adcy10‐null mice, two‐dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis was performed to identify specific mouse sperm proteins containing sulfhydryl groups that became oxidized during epididymal maturation. A‐kinase anchor protein 4, fatty acid‐binding protein 9 (FABP9), glutathione S‐transferase mu 5 and voltage‐dependent anion channel 2 exhibited changes in thiol status between caput and cauda epididymal spermatozoa. The level and thiol status of each of these proteins were quantified in wild‐type and Adcy10‐null cauda epididymal spermatozoa. No differences in the abundance of any protein were observed; however, FABP9 in Adcy10‐null cauda epididymal spermatozoa contained fewer disulfide bonds than wild‐type sperm cells. In caput epididymal spermatozoa, FABP9 was detected in the cytoplasmic droplet, principal piece, midpiece, and non‐acrosomal area of the head. However, in cauda epididymal spermatozoa, this protein localized to the perforatorium, post‐acrosomal region and principal piece. Together, these results suggest that thiol changes during epididymal maturation have a role in the stabilization of the sperm flagellum.
Effectiveness of audiovisual interventions on stress responses in adolescents with ENT surgery in hospital: randomized controlled trial protocol
Authors: Liu Cai Yun , Xu Lei , Zang Yu Li 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAimTo investigate the circadian pattern of cortisol secretion and other stress indictors in association with audiovisual stimuli in adolescents having otorhinolaryngological surgery in hospital.BackgroundHospitalization for surgery is a major stressful life event for adolescents causing negative consequences, including anxiety. Recent studies suggest that entertaining and educational interventions might be effective at reducing such adversities, but little is known about the pattern of these responses and effects.DesignRandomized controlled trial.MethodsAdolescents with otorhinolaryngological surgery in hospital without any contraindictions for salivary cortisol enzyme immunoassays will be recruited and randomly allocated to experimental, placebo and control. Stress indicators will be collected regularly for 5 days. Standard audiovisual interventions will be displayed for experimental and placebo groups including a simultaneous video‐recording of facial and behavioural changes on the second afternoon postadmission and stress indicators will be collected pre‐ and three times with 20‐minute interval postintervention. Follow‐up will be conducted to evaluate the longer term effects at 2 weeks, 1‐month and 3 months postadmission, respectively. Descriptive and comparative analyses of stress indicators will be performed to examine group differences. Competitive funding was obtained from the Independent Innovation Foundation of Shandong University for interdisciplinary research in 2012.DiscussionThis study will help identify timeslots for interventions for integrating strength‐building into stress response reduction in adolescents hospitalized for surgery.
Cl/Br of scapolite as a fluid tracer in the earth's crust: insights into fluid sources in the Mary Kathleen Fold Belt, Mt. Isa Inlier, Australia
Authors: Hammerli J. , Spandler C. , Oliver N. H. S. , Rusk B. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA combination of analytical methods, including trace element analysis of Br in scapolite by LA‐ICP‐MS, was employed to unravel the fluid–rock interaction history of the Mary Kathleen Fold Belt of northern Australia. Halogen ratios in the metamorphic and hydrothermally derived scapolite from a range of rock‐types record interaction between the host rocks and magmatic‐hydrothermal fluids derived from granite plutons and regional metamorphism. The results show that halite‐dissolution supplied at best only minor chlorine to fluids in the Fold Belt. Chlorine/bromine ratios in metamorphic scapolite indicate that fluids were dominantly derived from basinal brines formed from sub‐aerial evaporation of seawater beyond the point of halite saturation. This bittern fluid infiltrated the underlying sedimentary sequences prior to regional metamorphism. Zoned scapolite in a major late metamorphic mineralized shear‐zone records three discrete pulses of magmatic and metamorphic fluid, and it is suggested that fluid mixing may have assisted mineralization along and around this shear‐zone. As a crucial prerequisite for halogen fluid tracer studies using scapolite, we find in our samples that Cl and Br do not fractionate when incorporated in scapolite. Furthermore, unaltered rims of heavily retrogressed scapolite show indistinguishable Cl/Br signatures compared with fresh grains from the same sample indicating retrograde metamorphism did not significantly affect Cl and Br signatures in scapolite group minerals.
Situation awareness and documentation of changes that affect patient outcomes in progress notes
Authors: Tower Marion , Chaboyer Wendy 
Published: November 2013

Aims and objectivesTo report on registered nurses’ situation awareness as a precursor to decision‐making when recording changes in patients’ conditions.BackgroundProgress notes are important to communicate patients’ progress and detail changes in patients’ conditions. However, documentation is often poorly completed. There is little work that examines nurses’ decision‐making during documentation. This study focused on describing situation awareness as a precursor to decision‐making during documentation.DesignThis study used Endsley's (Situation Awareness Analysis and Measurement, 2000, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, NJ) work on situation awareness to guide and conceptualise information. The study was situated in a naturalistic paradigm to provide an interpretation of nurses’ decision‐making.MethodsThink‐aloud research methods and semi‐structured interviews were employed to illuminate decision‐making processes. Audio recordings and interview texts were individually examined for evidence of cues, informed by Endsley's (Situation Awareness Analysis and Measurement, 2000, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, NJ) descriptions of situation awareness.ResultsAs patients’ conditions changed, nurses used complex mental models and pattern‐matching of information, drawing on all 3 levels of situation awareness during documentation. Level 1 situation awareness provided context, level 2 situation awareness signified a change in condition and its significance for the patient, and level 3 situation awareness was evident when nurses thought aloud about what this information indicated. Three themes associated with changes in patients’ conditions emerged: deterioration in condition, not responding to prescribed treatments as expected and issues related to professional practice that impacted on patients’ conditions.ConclusionNurses used a complex mental model for decision‐making, drawing on 3 levels of situation awareness. Hamm's cognitive continuum theory, when related to situation awareness, is a useful decision‐making theory to provide a platform on which to draw together components of situation awareness and provide a framework on which to base decision‐making regarding documentation.Relevance to clinical practiceUnderstanding how RNs employ situation awareness and providing a framework for decision‐making during documentation may assist effective documentation about changes in patients’ conditions.