bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Filtration and Retention Characteristics of Smoke Components in Filters
Authors: Jianhui Wen , Wen Du , Bin Peng , Xiaobing Zhang , Fuwei Xie , Huimin Liu , Kejun Zhong 
Published: May 2015

SUMMARY
The filtration and retention characteristics of nicotine, phenol, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1- (3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), crotonaldehyde, hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and ammonia in conventional cellulose acetate fiber filters were investigated. By quantitatively analyzing their contents released in mainstream smoke and retained in filters, their filtration efficiencies, taken as the ratio of filter retention content to total yield, were determined under both International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and Health Canadian Intense (HCI) smoking regimes. Using a precision laser cutter, the filters were either cut transversely into 5-7 segments for longitudinal distribution pattern study, or cut transversely into 3 segments firstly and then each segment was cut concentrically into 3 concentric segments for spatial distribution pattern study. Contents of the named smoke components retained in these filter segments were quantitatively analyzed. The data were calibrated and then processed with interpolation analysis and polynomial fitting. The longitudinal distribution patterns for all components mentioned above, as well as spatial distribution patterns for nicotine, phenol, HCN, ammonia and crotonaldehyde, were obtained. The filtration efficiencies of different smoke components varied between 24% and 15% for HCN, 87% and 92% for phenol under ISO and HCI smoking regimes respectively. The filtration efficiencies of all the studied components under HCI smoking were lower than under ISO smoking to different extents except phenol which showed the opposite trend. Different mainstream smoke components have their own retention behavior and distribution characteristics which are determined by the physical and chemical properties of the component and its interaction with cellulose acetate fiber and the glycerol triacetate within the filter. The diversity of retention distribution patterns of different components shows the high complexity of cigarette smoke filtration in filters. [Beitr. Tabakforsch Int. 26 (2014) 121-131]
Cohesion, Fracture and Bond – Understanding the Data from the Vialit Cohesion Pendulum Test and Other Fracture Tests from an Analysis of Rheological Properties
Authors: Rowe Geoffrey M. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTThe Vialit Cohesion Pendulum has been used for many years in Europe as a tool for assessing modified asphalt binders with a particular emphasis on chip seal/surfacing dressing applications. The cohesion measured in this device has been considered as an indicator of quality of the base asphalt binder and subsequent polymer formulation. This test demonstrates a transition between brittle and ductile failure of binder systems. When a test of this kind is compared to other binder tests, it is possible to deduce the impact that the high rate of loading in the Vialit Cohesion Pendulum test has on the test results. Data have been developed on a series of SHRP core asphalt binders and these are compared to master curves developed with the same binders. A discussion will follow on how the fracture of asphalt binder and mixture is both rate and temperature dependent and that this parameter always needs that consideration to truly evaluate the meaning of test data. A test of this nature, while founded partly on an empirical data base of use, can be better explained and understood with consideration of the speed of loading and temperature effects that allows the translation of fracture temperatures at one condition to those at another. The results from this type of evaluation offer better understanding of criteria such as fatigue, fracture and bond of asphalt binders and mixtures.
Performance Characteristics of Fiber Modified Asphalt Concrete Mixes
Authors: Shukla Manoj , Tiwari Devesh , Sitaramanjaneyulu K. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT
Asphalt binder modification is one of the approaches taken to improve pavement performance. In addition it may also be improved through the addition of fibers to Asphalt mix that enhances material strength and fatigue characteristics while adding ductility. Due to their inherent compatibility with Asphalt concrete and excellent mechanical properties, fibers offer an excellent potential for modification of Asphalt concrete mix. To investigate the behavior of Fiber Modified Asphalt Concrete Mixes (FMACM), a preliminary study has been done to determine the feasibility of modifying the behavior of a Asphalt Concrete (AC) mixture through the use of Glass fiber and Polyester fiber. The purpose of this study was to identify and understand the factor that is responsible for improving the behavior of FMACM. Asphalt concrete samples were prepared and tested in the laboratory to evaluate the various mixture characteristics. The conclusions drawn from the study on testing of fiber-modified mixes are that fiber modified Asphalt mixtures have shown increased stiffness and resistance to permanent deformation. Fatigue characteristics of the mixtures were also improved. Fibers used in the study were of high tensile strength therefore test results of FMACM have shown higher indirect tensile strength and improved skid resistance for paving applications.
Investigating Filler Characteristics in Upgrading Cold Bituminous Emulsion Mixtures
Authors: Al-Busaltan Shakir 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Cold Bituminous Emulsion Mixtures (CBEMs) could offer significant advantages in contrast to traditional Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA). These advantages are redaction of energy consumption, reduction of emission of pollutants, and reduction of total costs. To date, researchers have attempted, intensively, to upgrade CBEMs’ engineering characteristics to gain their whole advantages. Adding active filler materials such as Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) develop these characteristics. In this paper, selected waste or by-product materials are investigated as alternatives to OPC. Although OPC alone or with activator has proven successful in improving curing time and mechanical properties, the successful use of waste or by-product alternatives could represent a unique environmental and economic achievement. Thus, for the first time, waste or by-product materials (PFA, PSA, GGBFS, APC, and BFA) were investigated individually and not as Supplementary Cementitious Material (SCM) for improving the curing and strength of CBEM. However, some of these filler showed significant improvement in CBEMs characteristics.
Application of Skeleton Method in Interconnection of Cae Programs Used in Vehicle Design
Authors: Bucha Jozef , Gavačová Jana , Milesich Tomáš 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This paper deals with the application of the skeleton method as the main element of interconnection of CAE programs involved in the process of vehicle design. This article focuses on the utilization of the skeleton method for mutual connection of CATIA V5 and ADAMS/CAR. Both programs can be used simultaneously during various stages of vehicle design.
Modeling of Semi-Active Vehicle Suspension with Magnetorhological Damper
Authors: Hasa Richard , Danko Ján , Milesich Tomáš , Magdolen Ľuboš 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Modeling of suspension is a current topic. Vehicle users require both greater driving comfort and safety. There is a space to invent new technologies like magnetorheological dampers and their control systems to increase these conflicting requirements. Magnetorheological dampers are reliably mathematically described by parametric and nonparametric models. Therefore they are able to reliably simulate the driving mode of the vehicle. These simulations are important for automotive engineers to increase vehicle safety and passenger comfort.
Abrasion Resistance of as-Cast High-Chromium Cast Iron
Authors: Pokusová Marcela , Berta Igor , Šooš Ľubomír 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
High chromium cast irons are widely used as abrasion resistant materials. Their properties and wear resistance depend on carbides and on the nature of the matrix supporting these carbides. The paper presents test results of irons which contain (in wt.%) 18-22 Cr and 2-5 C, and is alloyed by 1.7 Mo + 5 Ni + 2 Mn to improve the toughness. Tests showed as-cast irons with mostly austenitic matrix achieved hardness 36-53 HRC but their relative abrasion-resistance was higher than the tool steel STN 19436 heat treated on hardness 60 HRC.
A Green Corridor Balanced Scorecard
Authors: Prause Gunnar 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Green transport corridors represent trans-shipment routes with a concentration of freight traffic between major hubs and long distances of transport marked by reduced environmental and climate impact. Important characteristics of green corridors are their network structures, their transnational character and their high involvement of public and private stakeholders, including political level requiring new governance models. Network-oriented controlling of green transport corridors require new concepts and instruments concentrating on multi-dimensional evaluation of collective strategies and processes in an international environment with a focus on cross-company aspects.
Until now the scientific discussion focusses on different sets of Key Performance Indicators (KPI) for monitoring and management of green corridors, which mainly cover sustainable aspects of green corridor development by neglecting a network-oriented controlling approach so that a general concept for green corridor controlling is still missing. The current KPI approaches emphasize the operational aspects of the corridor performance so that a strategic management control system is needed to safeguard an efficient, innovative, safe and environmental friendly long-term development.
The paper will present and discuss a management control system for green supply chains based on the balanced scorecard concept and link the ongoing scientific discussion to recent research results about green corridor management. The presented green corridor balanced scorecard tries to solve the strategic weakness of the existing green corridor controlling approaches by integrating cooperative and network-oriented concepts from supply chain management.
Participation of Society in Civil Protection Operations: Review of a 10 Years European Experience
Authors: Chamaret Philippe , Řeháček Jakub 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
There are still deficiencies and future possibilities for improvement in the civil protection operations. There is also other side to the incident command system. In recent years it is more and more clear that an participatory and inclusive approaches are needed to the efficiencing of the current system to ensure acceptable level of safety. It is all the more important if the approach from institutional responsibility is beeing put in contrast to the individual responsibility. This article aims to review current approaches and trends in the participatory field in the civil protection operations. It focus mainly on the possibilities and implications of volunteer work within this framework. Volunteers has different status and possibilities to participate and thus enhance their role in the civil society in the different countries in the EU. Their role differes in two states. One is their solely presence for technical activities and help and second is their participation in decisionmaking, defining a political action. This is a matter for further investigation and also for improvemenet.
First Record of the Bush-Cricket Isophya Harzi (Orthoptera: Phaneropteridae) Outside its Locus Typicus
Authors: Iorgu Ionuţ Ştefan , Tatu Alexandru Ioan , Iorgu Elena Iulia 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
During the period 2008-2012, the bush-cricket Isophya harzi Kis, 1960 has been the subject of several collecting trips in Cozia Mountains, where it was believed to be endemic, in order to study its acoustic behaviour. However, on a recent trip to Piatra Craiului Mountains, to study its Orthoptera fauna, I. harzi was surprisingly found in clearings and mountain steppe slopes covered with tall subalpine vegetation from Northern and Western areas. Bioacoustic analysis and some ecological notes are presented in the paper.
Pediatric palliative care in the community
Authors: Kaye Erica C. , Rubenstein Jared , Levine Deena , Baker Justin N. , Dabbs Devon , Friebert Sarah E. 
Published: May 2015

Answer questions and earn CME/CNEEarly integration of pediatric palliative care (PPC) for children with life‐threatening conditions and their families enhances the provision of holistic care, addressing psychological, social, spiritual, and physical concerns, without precluding treatment with the goal of cure. PPC involvement ideally extends throughout the illness trajectory to improve continuity of care for patients and families. Although current PPC models focus primarily on the hospital setting, community‐based PPC (CBPPC) programs are increasingly integral to the coordination, continuity, and provision of quality care. In this review, the authors examine the purpose, design, and infrastructure of CBPPC in the United States, highlighting eligibility criteria, optimal referral models to enhance early involvement, and fundamental tenets of CBPPC. This article also appraises the role of CBPPC in promoting family‐centered care. This model strives to enhance shared decision making, facilitate seamless handoffs of care, maintain desired locations of care, and ease the end of life for children who die at home. The effect of legislation on the advent and evolution of CBPPC also is discussed, as is an assessment of the current status of state‐specific CBPPC programs and barriers to implementation of CBPPC. Finally, strategies and resources for designing, implementing, and maintaining quality standards in CBPPC programs are reviewed. CA Cancer J Clin 2015;65:315–333. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Geneviève de Gaulle Anthonioz, une Juste parmi l’humanité
Authors: Neau-Dufour Frédérique 
Published: May 2015

L’entrée de Geneviève de Gaulle au Panthéon n’allait pas de soi – d’autres femmes ayant été citées lors de la consultation nationale de septembre 2013. Pourtant, son activité de résistante, son expérience des camps, son travail à Atd Quart Monde dessinent un combat de toute une vie pour la dignité humaine, dans lequel la dimension religieuse a également joué un rôle.
Crucial Roles of TNFAIP8 Protein in Regulating Apoptosis andListeriaInfection
Authors: Porturas Thomas P. , Sun Honghong , Buchlis George , Lou Yunwei , Liang Xiaohong , Cathopoulis Terry , Fayngerts Svetlana , Johnson Derek S. , Wang Zhaojun , Chen Youhai H. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTNF-α–induced protein 8 (TNFAIP8 or TIPE) is a newly described regulator of cancer and infection. However, its precise roles and mechanisms of actions are not well understood. We report in this article that TNFAIP8 regulates Listeria monocytogenes infection by controlling pathogen invasion and host cell apoptosis in a RAC1 GTPase-dependent manner. TNFAIP8-knockout mice were resistant to lethal L. monocytogenes infection and had reduced bacterial load in the liver and spleen. TNFAIP8 knockdown in murine liver HEPA1-6 cells increased apoptosis, reduced bacterial invasion into cells, and resulted in dysregulated RAC1 activation. TNFAIP8 could translocate to plasma membrane and preferentially associate with activated RAC1-GTP. The combined effect of reduced bacterial invasion and increased sensitivity to TNF-α–induced clearance likely protected the TNFAIP8-knockout mice from lethal listeriosis. Thus, by controlling bacterial invasion and the death of infected cells through RAC1, TNFAIP8 regulates the pathogenesis of L. monocytogenes infection.
Determinants of Gliadin-Specific T Cell Selection in Celiac Disease
Authors: Petersen Jan , van Bergen Jeroen , Loh Khai Lee , Kooy-Winkelaar Yvonne , Beringer Dennis X. , Thompson Allan , Bakker Sjoerd F. , Mulder Chris J. J. , Ladell Kristin , McLaren James E. , Price David A. , Rossjohn Jamie , Reid Hugh H. , Koning Frits 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
In HLA-DQ8–associated celiac disease (CD), the pathogenic T cell response is directed toward an immunodominant α-gliadin–derived peptide (DQ8-glia-α1). However, our knowledge of TCR gene usage within the primary intestinal tissue of HLA-DQ8+ CD patients is limited. We identified two populations of HLA-DQ8-glia-α1 tetramer+ CD4+ T cells that were essentially undetectable in biopsy samples from patients on a gluten-free diet but expanded rapidly and specifically after antigenic stimulation. Distinguished by expression of TRBV9, both T cell populations displayed biased clonotypic repertoires and reacted similarly against HLA-DQ8-glia-α1. In particular, TRBV9 paired most often with TRAV26-2, whereas the majority of TRBV9− TCRs used TRBV6-1 with no clear TRAV gene preference. Strikingly, both tetramer+/TRBV9+ and tetramer+/TRBV9− T cells possessed a non–germline-encoded arginine residue in their CDR3α and CDR3β loops, respectively. Comparison of the crystal structures of three TRBV9+ TCRs and a TRBV9− TCR revealed that, as a result of distinct TCR docking modes, the HLA-DQ8-glia-α1 contacts mediated by the CDR3-encoded arginine were almost identical between TRBV9+ and TRBV9− TCRs. In all cases, this interaction centered on two hydrogen bonds with a specific serine residue in the bound peptide. Replacement of serine with alanine at this position abrogated TRBV9+ and TRBV9− clonal T cell proliferation in response to HLA-DQ8-glia-α1. Gluten-specific memory CD4+ T cells with structurally and functionally conserved TCRs therefore predominate in the disease-affected tissue of patients with HLA-DQ8–mediated CD.
Short-term Fluconazole Therapy for the Treatment of Candiduria in ICU and ICU Step-down Patients
Authors: Wood G. Christopher , Adamczyk Katarzyna , Boucher Bradley A. , Croce Martin A. , Kuhl David A. , Rhea Carey L. , Chambers Matthew , Swanson Joseph M. , Freire Amado X. , Fabian Timothy C. 
Published: May 2015

Objective Candiduria is very common in critically ill patients. It is often benign; however, it can develop into a serious systemic infection and treatment is suggested in symptomatic critically ill patients. The optimal duration of therapy is unclear. Long-term therapy (14 days) is recommended by the current guidelines, but previous data suggest that shorter-duration therapy may be effective. Minimizing the use of antifungal agents is desirable to avoid fungal resistance and adverse events. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of short-term treatment of candiduria. Methods This was an observational study in medical, surgical, and trauma intensive care unit (ICU) and ICU step-down patients. A pathway utilizing a 3-day course of fluconazole for candiduria was implemented. The candiduria recurrence rate was compared in patients treated before (control groups with short-term, ie, ≤3 days, or long–term, ie, ≥7 days, therapy) and after the implementation of the pathway (study group: ≤3 days). Results Thirty-seven study patients were compared to 59 control patients. There were statistically no differences in the recurrence rate for candiduria among study patients, control patients with long-term therapy, and control patients with short-term therapy (32% vs 55% vs 38%, respectively; P > 0.05). Conclusion Three days of fluconazole treatment for candiduria appeared to be as effective as long-term therapy in this population.
Laparoscopic Adrenal Surgery for Giant Ganglioneuroma
Authors: Bruno Costa do Prado  , Marcelo Cabral Lamy de Miranda  , Marcio Maia Lamy de Miranda  , Anibal Wood Branco  
Published: May 2015

We present herein a case of a 24-year-old woman with incidentally diagnosed right adrenal ganglioneuroma with 14cm in size that was removed completely by the laparoscopic approach. The patient was asymptomatic and the tumor was first diagnosed on abdominal ultrasonography. A subsequent computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen confirmed a 12x 11x9cm complex expansive mass of right adrenal, with well-defined outlines. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a solid lesion measuring 11 x 9 x 11cm arising from the right adrenal. Laparoscopic complete excision of the mass was accomplished through a transabdominal lateral approach. The surgical specimen weighed 665 g and 14 x 10 x 7 cm in size. There was no complication in postoperative period, and the patient was released from the hospital two days after the operation. The patient resumed her normal activities in one week. Histology was consistent with an adrenal ganglioneuroma. A control CT was made one year after the surgery with no evidence of lesion suggestive of relapse. Adrenal ganglioneuromas are rare lesions with a benign behavior in which surgery is the only possible form of treatment. In centers of advanced laparoscopy this method of access can be used, even for larger lesions.
Development and maintenance of fluid overpressures in crustal fault zones by elastic compaction and implications for earthquake swarms
Authors: Leclère Henri , Cappa Frédéric , Faulkner Daniel , Fabbri Olivier , Armitage Peter , Blake Oshaine 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe ability of crustal faults to compact and to pressurize pore fluids is examined by combining geological observations, petrophysical measurements (permeability, P and S wave velocities, and porosity), and fully coupled hydromechanical modeling. A strike‐slip fault located in the Argentera‐Mercantour crystalline massif (southwestern French‐Italian Alps) was analyzed in the field. This mature fault belongs to a large active fault system characterized by a recurrent seismic swarm activity (Mw < 4) between 2 and 12 km depth. The studied exposure corresponds to a 50 m thick anastomosing fault composed of three types of rock: host‐rock gneiss, damage‐zone phyllonite, and core zone gouge. Laboratory measurements made at effective pressures ranging from 10 to 190 MPa show that the studied fault differs from the classical model and has a high‐porosity, high‐permeability, and low‐rigidity core zone surrounded by a low‐porosity, low‐permeability, and high‐rigidity damage zone with respect to the host rock. The hydraulic and elastic properties are controlled by different microstructures such as foliation, microcracks, and pores developed during the exhumation history of the massif and the reactivation of inherited low‐friction mylonitic foliation. Hydromechanical modeling is then used to investigate the spatio‐temporal evolution of the fluid overpressures across the fault zone elements in response to elastic compaction. Models demonstrate that fluid pressure can be developed and maintained temporally in the studied fault zone. This study concludes on the key role played by the hydromechanical properties of faults during compaction and provides an explanation for seismic swarm triggering and maintenance.