bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Training Needs of Staff Supporting Individuals Ageing with Intellectual Disability
Authors: Wark Stuart , Hussain Rafat , Edwards Helen 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundThe issue of ageing within the cohort of people with intellectual disabilities has been an increasing focus for research. However, the training needs of the staff who support them has not been subject of extensive examination.Materials and MethodsA multiround Delphi project was conducted focusing upon the impact ageing issues have on the support provided by disability workers, and what training is required to address the identified areas.ResultsThree rounds of the Delphi identified twenty‐six separate important issues. A thematic analysis identified five main themes including Generic Training Issues; Medical Issues; Emerging Ageing Issues Requiring Changing Support; Mental Health Issues; and Quality of Life.ConclusionsThe study identified a series of training priorities for staff assisting people ageing with an intellectual disability. It would appear possible for many training programmes to be developed and delivered with minimal cost impacts even within rural localities.
Spatial Variability in Nutrient Transport by HUC8, State, and Subbasin Based on Mississippi/Atchafalaya River Basin SPARROW Models
Authors: Robertson Dale M. , Saad David A. , Schwarz Gregory E. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractNitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) loading from the Mississippi/Atchafalaya River Basin (MARB) has been linked to hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico. With geospatial datasets for 2002, including inputs from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), and monitored loads throughout the MARB, SPAtially Referenced Regression On Watershed attributes (SPARROW) watershed models were constructed specifically for the MARB, which reduced simulation errors from previous models. Based on these models, N loads/yields were highest from the central part (centered over Iowa and Indiana) of the MARB (Corn Belt), and the highest P yields were scattered throughout the MARB. Spatial differences in yields from previous studies resulted from different descriptions of the dominant sources (N yields are highest with crop‐oriented agriculture and P yields are highest with crop and animal agriculture and major WWTPs) and different descriptions of downstream transport. Delivered loads/yields from the MARB SPARROW models are used to rank subbasins, states, and eight‐digit Hydrologic Unit Code basins (HUC8s) by N and P contributions and then rankings are compared with those from other studies. Changes in delivered yields result in an average absolute change of 1.3 (N) and 1.9 (P) places in state ranking and 41 (N) and 69 (P) places in HUC8 ranking from those made with previous national‐scale SPARROW models. This information may help managers decide where efforts could have the largest effects (highest ranked areas) and thus reduce hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico.
Optimization of Brewer's Spent Grain‐Enriched Biscuits Processing Formula
Authors: Guo Mengmeng , Du Jinhua , Zhang Zhao'An , Zhang Kaili , Jin Yuhong 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBeer brewing produces large quantities of BSG which is rich in protein and DF with the increase of wheat malt as beer materials. The present study develops a BSG‐enriched biscuit formula. The results demonstrated that the incorporation of BSG significantly (P < 0.05) affected the alkalinity, color (L*, a*, b*) and sensory evaluation. By increasing BSG and salad oil, the L* value of biscuits decreased with an increase in both a* and b* values. The optimum formula was BSG particle size 0.16 mm, BSG substitution 10%, salad oil 12%, syrup 20 ∼ 25%, leavening agent 0.4%. The BSG biscuits tended to have lower alkalinity and hardness, higher bulk density, protein and sensory evaluation in comparison with the control samples. The incorporation of BSG brought the biscuits a fragrant wheat smell and a chocolate appearance.Practical ApplicationsLarge quantities of BSG are produced with the rising beer yield in the world. The production of turbid beer leads to an increased number of BSG which has higher amounts of protein and DF as more wheat malt (≥ 40%) is used in beer materials. The consumption of DF provided health benefits including protection against cardiovascular diseases, cancer and other degenerative diseases. Currently, BSG is mainly sold as a raw material for animal feeding or industrial material for ethanol/polysaccharide production in China. However, few researches have used BSG as a material in food production. In the present study, one nutrient‐riched biscuit was obtained by incorporating BSG into cake flour which improved the harmonious flavor and appearance. Both nutritional and economic values were finally increased via the optimum formula.
Effectiveness of Cranberry Capsules to Prevent Urinary Tract Infections in Vulnerable Older Persons: A Double‐Blind Randomized Placebo‐Controlled Trial in Long‐Term Care Facilities
Authors: Caljouw Monique A. A. , van den Hout Wilbert B. , Putter Hein , Achterberg Wilco P. , Cools Herman J. M. , Gussekloo Jacobijn 
Published: January 2014

ObjectivesTo determine whether cranberry capsules prevent urinary tract infection (UTI) in long‐term care facility (LTCF) residents.DesignDouble‐blind randomized placebo‐controlled multicenter trial.SettingLong‐term care facilities (LTCFs).ParticipantsLTCF residents (N = 928; 703 women, median age 84).MeasurementsCranberry and placebo capsules were taken twice daily for 12 months. Participants were stratified according to UTI risk (risk factors included long‐term catheterization, diabetes mellitus, ≥1 UTI in preceding year). Main outcomes were incidence of UTI according to a clinical definition and a strict definition.ResultsIn participants with high UTI risk at baseline (n = 516), the incidence of clinically defined UTI was lower with cranberry capsules than with placebo (62.8 vs 84.8 per 100 person‐years at risk, P = .04); the treatment effect was 0.74 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.57–0.97). For the strict definition, the treatment effect was 1.02 (95% CI = 0.68–1.55). No difference in UTI incidence between cranberry and placebo was found in participants with low UTI risk (n = 412).ConclusionIn LTCF residents with high UTI risk at baseline, taking cranberry capsules twice daily reduces the incidence of clinically defined UTI, although it does not reduce the incidence of strictly defined UTI. No difference in incidence of UTI was found in residents with low UTI risk.
Role of Body Temperature in Diagnosing Bacterial Infection in Nursing Home Residents
Authors: Sloane Philip D. , Kistler Christine , Mitchell C. Madeline , Beeber Anna S. , Bertrand Rosanna M. , Edwards Alrick S. , Olsho Lauren E. W. , Hadden, BA Louise S. , Bateman James R. , Zimmerman Sheryl 
Published: January 2014

ObjectivesTo provide empirically based recommendations for incorporating body temperature into clinical decision‐making regarding diagnosing infection in nursing home (NH) residents.DesignRetrospective.SettingTwelve North Carolina NHs.ParticipantsNH residents (N = 1,007) with 1,858 randomly selected antibiotic prescribing episodes.MeasurementsMaximum prescription‐day temperature plus the three most recent nonillness temperatures were recorded for each prescribing episode. Two empirically based definitions of fever were developed: population‐based (population mean nonillness temperature plus 2 population standard deviations (SDs)) and individualized (individual mean nonillness temperature plus 2 population SDs). These definitions were used along with previously published fever criteria and Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) criteria to determine how often each prescribing episode was associated with a “fever” according to each definition.ResultsMean population nonillness temperature was 97.7 ± 0.5ºF. If “normal” were defined as less than 2 SDs above the mean, fever would be defined as any temperature above 98.7ºF, and the previously published fever cut‐points and the IDSA criteria are 4.8 SDs above this mean. Between 30% and 32% of the 1,858 prescribing episodes examined were associated with temperatures more than 2 SDs above the population mean nonillness temperature, whereas only 10% to 11% of episodes met the previously published and IDSA fever definitions.ConclusionClinicians should apply empirically based definitions to assess fever in NH residents. Furthermore, low fever prevalence in residents treated with antibiotics according to all definitions suggests that some prescribing may not be associated with acute bacterial infection.
Depressive Symptoms Precede Memory Decline, but Not Vice Versa, in Non‐Demented Older Adults
Authors: Zahodne Laura B. , Stern Yaakov , Manly Jennifer J. 
Published: January 2014

ObjectivesTo determine whether depressive symptoms typically precede or follow memory declines.DesignAn autoregressive latent trajectory model was used to examine the direction of the relationship between depressive symptoms and memory decline observed over 12 years.SettingWashington/Hamilton Heights Inwood Columbia Aging Project, a community‐based longitudinal study of aging and dementia in northern Manhattan.ParticipantsOlder adults initially without dementia (n = 2,425).MeasurementsMemory composite scores were computed from three subscores of the Selective Reminding Test. Depressive symptoms were assessed using a 10‐item version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Analyses controlled for age, sex, recruitment wave, education, black race, and Hispanic ethnicity measured at baseline and chronic disease burden measured at each study visit.ResultsInitial depressive symptoms predicted worse memory scores at the second study visit (B weight = −0.03; P = .003) and accelerated memory decline over the entire study period (B weight = −0.02; P = .03). Memory scores did not predict subsequent depressive symptoms.ConclusionThese findings suggest that depressive symptoms precede memory decline, but not vice versa, in late life. This pattern of results is consistent with hypotheses that depression is a prodrome of dementia or a causal contributor to memory decline. Clinicians should be aware that depressive symptoms may represent an early indicator not only of dementia, as reported previously, but also of memory decline more generally.
Relationship Between Dysphagia and Mild Cognitive Impairment in a Community‐Based Elderly Cohort: The Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging
Authors: Yang Eun Joo , Kim Ki Woong , Lim Jae‐Young , Paik Nam‐Jong 
Published: January 2014

ObjectivesTo investigate the relationship between dysphagia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in older adults residing in an independent‐living facility in Korea.DesignPopulation‐based, cross‐sectional study.SettingSeongnam, Korea.ParticipantsKorean men and women aged 65 and older living in a typical South Korean city (n = 415) were enrolled in the Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging.MeasurementsDysphagia was assessed using the Standardized Swallowing Assessment (SSA). Cognitive function was evaluated using the Korean version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Neuropsychological Assessment Battery, digit span test, and lexical fluency test. MCI was diagnosed using operational diagnostic criteria and further classified into amnestic and nonamnestic MCI.ResultsMen with nonanmestic MCI had a greater likelihood of having dysphagia (odds ratio (OR) = 3.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.12–12.72) than men without MCI. Men with nonanmestic MCI were almost six times as likely to have dysphagia (OR = 5.78, 95% CI = 1.15–29.27) as men with no neurological disorder after adjusting for age, education level, current smoking and drinking, diabetes mellitus, and apolipoprotein E‐4 carrier status.ConclusionMen with nonamnestic MCI were more likely to have dysphagia than were their counterparts without MCI, whereas this difference was not found in men with amnestic MCI and women. Assessment of executive functions that interfere with planning of motor activities may be useful in predicting dysphagia and in planning preventive and therapeutic strategies for older men.
Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Electricity Generated from Conventionally Produced Natural Gas
Authors: O'Donoughue Patrick R. , Heath Garvin A. , Dolan Stacey L. , Vorum Martin 
Published: January 2014

SummaryThis research provides a systematic review and harmonization of the life cycle assessment (LCA) literature of electricity generated from conventionally produced natural gas. We focus on estimates of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emitted in the life cycle of electricity generation from natural gas‐fired combustion turbine (NGCT) and combined‐cycle (NGCC) systems. The smaller set of LCAs of liquefied natural gas power systems and natural gas plants with carbon capture and storage were also collected, but analyzed to a lesser extent. A meta‐analytical process we term “harmonization” was employed to align several system boundaries and technical performance parameters to better allow for cross‐study comparisons, with the aim of clarifying central tendency and reducing variability in estimates of life cycle GHG emissions.Of over 250 references identified, 42 passed screens for technological relevance and study quality, providing a total of 69 estimates for NGCT and NGCC. Harmonization increased the median estimates in each category as a result of several factors not typically considered in the previous research, including the regular clearing of liquids from a well, and consolidated the interquartile range for NGCC to 420 to 480 grams of carbon dioxide equivalent per kilowatt‐hour (g CO2‐eq/kWh) and for NGCT to 570 to 750 g CO2‐eq/kWh, with medians of 450 and 670 CO2‐eq/kWh, respectively. Harmonization of thermal efficiency had the largest effect in reducing variability; methane leakage rate is likely similarly influential, but was unharmonized in this assessment as a result of the significant current uncertainties in its estimation, an area that is justifiably receiving significant research attention.
Meta‐analysis and candidate gene mining of low‐phosphorus tolerance in maize
Authors: Zhang Hongwei , Uddin Mohammed Shalim , Zou Cheng , Xie Chuanxiao , Xu Yunbi , Li Wen‐Xue 
Published: January 2014

AbstractPlants with tolerance to low‐phosphorus (P) can grow better under low‐P conditions, and understanding of genetic mechanisms of low‐P tolerance can not only facilitate identifying relevant genes but also help to develop low‐P tolerant cultivars. QTL meta‐analysis was conducted after a comprehensive review of the reports on QTL mapping for low‐P tolerance‐related traits in maize. Meta‐analysis produced 23 consensus QTL (cQTL), 17 of which located in similar chromosome regions to those previously reported to influence root traits. Meanwhile, candidate gene mining yielded 215 genes, 22 of which located in the cQTL regions. These 22 genes are homologous to 14 functionally characterized genes that were found to participate in plant low‐P tolerance, including genes encoding miR399s, Pi transporters and purple acid phosphatases. Four cQTL loci (cQTL2‐1, cQTL5‐3, cQTL6‐2, and cQTL10‐2) may play important roles for low‐P tolerance because each contains more original QTL and has better consistency across previous reports.
Analyzing the human liver vascular architecture by combining vascular corrosion casting and micro‐CT scanning: a feasibility study
Authors: Debbaut Charlotte , Segers Patrick , Cornillie Pieter , Casteleyn Christophe , Dierick Manuel , Laleman Wim , Monbaliu Diethard 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAlthough a full understanding of the hepatic circulation is one of the keys to successfully perform liver surgery and to elucidate liver pathology, relatively little is known about the functional organization of the liver vasculature. Therefore, we materialized and visualized the human hepatic vasculature at different scales, and performed a morphological analysis by combining vascular corrosion casting with novel micro‐computer tomography (CT) and image analysis techniques. A human liver vascular corrosion cast was obtained by simultaneous resin injection in the hepatic artery (HA) and portal vein (PV). A high resolution (110 μm) micro‐CT scan of the total cast allowed gathering detailed macrovascular data. Subsequently, a mesocirculation sample (starting at generation 5; 88 × 68 × 80 mm³) and a microcirculation sample (terminal vessels including sinusoids; 2.0 × 1.5 × 1.7 mm³) were dissected and imaged at a 71‐μm and 2.6‐μm resolution, respectively. Segmentations and 3D reconstructions allowed quantifying the macro‐ and mesoscale branching topology, and geometrical features of HA, PV and hepatic venous trees up to 13 generations (radii ranging from 13.2 mm to 80 μm; lengths from 74.4 mm to 0.74 mm), as well as microvascular characteristics (mean sinusoidal radius of 6.63 μm). Combining corrosion casting and micro‐CT imaging allows quantifying the branching topology and geometrical features of hepatic trees using a multiscale approach from the macro‐ down to the microcirculation. This may lead to novel insights into liver circulation, such as internal blood flow distributions and anatomical consequences of pathologies (e.g. cirrhosis).
Dynamic Observation of Artery Endothelial Cell Layers in Response to Bare Metal Stent and Paclitaxel‐Eluting Stent In Vitro
Authors: LIU YUQING , WANG XIAN , LU JINSONG 
Published: January 2014

ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate the mechanism of paclitaxel‐eluting stent (PES) induced thrombosis by real‐time dynamic monitoring of live endothelial cells.BackgroundPES is widely used in clinics to inhibit restenosis effectively. However, late stent thrombosis is a major concern with the use of PES.MethodsWe established an in vitro cell culture system to mimic the close contact of endothelial cells with PES struts. The dynamic response of porcine innominate artery endothelial cells (PIECs) to stents was observed using a bright field microscope and a high‐resolution charge‐coupled deviceResultsPES changed elongated PIECs to round PIECs within 24 hours. Paracellular gaps were readily observed in a PIEC monolayer exposed to PES. By contrast, paracellular gaps were almost undetectable in an endothelial monolayer incubated with bare metal stent (BMS). As incubation time was prolonged (days 5–9), round PIECs returned to their elongated shape, but paracellular gaps were retained at lower frequencies and smaller sizes than those on days 1 and 2. In addition, the PIEC monolayer in the PES group retained an uneven surface topology during incubation, whereas PIECs in the BMS group developed a smooth surface of epithelial cell sheets on days 5–7.ConclusionOur findings showed that the shift of cell shape causes impaired integrity of the monolayer characteristic with enlarged paracellular gaps and uneven surface topology in exposure to PES. The results might serve as structural information for understanding the mechanism of PES‐induced early and late thrombosis. (J Interven Cardiol 2014;27:182–190)
Use of Tissue Plasminogen Activator in Catheters Used for Extracorporeal Renal Replacement Therapy
Authors: Langston C. , Eatroff A. , Poeppel K. 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundIntraluminal thrombosis of central venous catheters used for renal replacement therapy (RRT) decreases the ability to provide adequate treatment. Alteplase is a recombinant tissue plasminogen activator that has been used to improve the function of catheters used for RRT in humans.ObjectivesTo retrospectively review alteplase instillation in dysfunctional catheters used for RRT in dogs and cats.AnimalsSeventeen dogs and 8 cats receiving RRT for kidney failure.MethodsMedical records of patients in which alteplase was used for RRT catheter dysfunction from 2004 to 2012 were retrospectively reviewed to characterize reasons for use, improvement in function, increase in blood flow, and duration of improvement.ResultsAlteplase was instilled 43 times in 29 catheters, most commonly because of suspicion that the catheter would not provide sufficient flow on the next treatment (n = 21). The second most common reason was inability to start a dialysis treatment (n = 12). Catheter function improved after alteplase instillation in 34 of 43 treatments (79%). Median blood flow rate increased by 13% (18 mL/min) in the dialysis session after alteplase instillation. Seven of 29 catheters (24%) were treated with alteplase on >1 occasion (median time to second treatment, 8 days), and 1 catheter had to be replaced because of intractable dysfunction.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceAlteplase is effective at improving function of central venous catheters used to provide RRT, but the results are short‐lived.
Control of pili and sialyltransferase expression in Neisseria gonorrhoeae is mediated by the transcriptional regulator CrgA
Authors: Matthias Kathryn A. , Rest Richard F. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryContact‐regulated gene A (CrgA) is a transcriptional regulator present in the pathogenic Neisseria that functions as both an activator and a repressor of transcription following contact with host cells. While its mechanism of action has been studied extensively in Neisseria meningitidis, the specific subset of genes that CrgA targets has been debated. Although the majority of these constitute virulence genes, suggesting that CrgA is important in pathogenesis, no study to date has examined the effects of CrgA in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. In this report, we generated a knockout mutant of crgA (ΔcrgA) in the serum‐sensitive gonococcal strain F62. crgA deletion resulted in a reduction in the transcript and protein levels of the primary pilin component pilE via mechanisms that were both contact‐dependent and ‐independent. In contrast, ΔcrgA overexpressed the main determinant of serum resistance in F62, lipooligosaccharide sialyltransferase (Lst). CrgA‐mediated lst repression was direct as both recombinant and native CrgA bound to the lst promoter at multiple locations in EMSA and ChIP assays respectively. The increase in Lst levels associated with crgA deletion correlated with enhanced protection against killing by normal human serum. These data suggest a role for CrgA in virulence regulation during both cell adherence and planktonic growth.
Unintentional Cervical Dural Tap Treated with Lumbar Blood Patch
Authors: Lebrun Christophe , Peek Dirk , Vanelderen Pascal , Van Zundert Jan 
Published: January 2014

AbstractCervical radicular pain presents itself as pain radiating from the neck to the arm. If conservative treatment fails, a cervical epidural steroid injection can be considered. A rare but possible complication resulting from the interlaminar approach is unintentional cervical dural puncture that may result in post‐dural puncture headache (PDPH). Dural puncture from an interlaminar cervical epidural injection reportedly range from 0.25% to 2.65%. An epidural blood patch is a possible treatment option when conservative treatment fails. Relief could be secondary to ‘sealing’ of the dural tear from the clotted blood and reestablishment of physiological intracranial pressure. Another theory is an increase in the subarachnoid pressure from the injected blood. The increased pressure may restore normal intracranial pressure.We describe 2 cases of cervical PDPH treated with lumbar epidural blood patch. In 1 case, there was complete resolution of the symptoms and in the other case, there was great improvement of symptoms and a high thoracic blood patch was performed to resolve the remaining headache.