bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Xylem vessel traits predict the leaf phenology of native and non‐native understorey species of temperate deciduous forests
Authors: Yin Jingjing , Fridley Jason D. , Smith Maria S. , Bauerle Taryn L. 
Published: May 2015

Summary

Non‐native understorey woody species have been shown to extend leaf display and inhabit vacant phenological niches in early spring and late autumn when growing with native counterparts in temperate deciduous forests across the world. Despite the potential competitive advantages, extended leaf duration also subjects non‐native species to possible hydraulic risks associated with maintaining leaves during periods of increased frost probability. It remains unclear how non‐native species are able to maintain xylem function within this context.

Leaf phenology in temperate deciduous trees has been shown to be a function of xylem anatomy, with earlier bud break associated with smaller xylem vessels due to the presumed resistance of smaller vessels to freezing‐induced cavitation. We examined relationships between leaf phenology and xylem vessel traits across 82 native and non‐native understorey deciduous woody species common to eastern U.S. deciduous forests. We hypothesized that non‐native species possess xylem vessel traits associated with maximum hydraulic safety during frost‐prone spring and autumn leaf display without compromising rapid growth rate.

Larger metaxylem vessels in non‐native species were associated with both faster spring growth and delayed autumn leaf fall compared to native species. Non‐native species also had smaller latewood vessel diameter, latewood vessel area percentage and a higher proportion of solitary vessels in the entire secondary xylem cross section compared to natives, potentially increasing their resistance to freezing‐ and/or drought‐induced cavitation in autumn, thus allowing for delayed autumn leaf fall.

Native and non‐native species exhibited similar dates of spring bud break and leaf emergence, consistent with similar xylem vessel size and vessel area percentage within metaxylem and earlywood. Within both groups, species with earlier bud and leaf emergence had a higher total percentage of vessel area within metaxylem and earlywood. This suggests understorey species need sufficient water to support their early spring growth at the risk of freezing‐induced cavitation.

Our study suggests xylem vessel properties, along with cross‐sectional spatial xylem vessel distribution, reflect the capacity of non‐native plants to thrive in a new environment and deepen our understanding of the physiological mechanisms of successful invasions of non‐native understorey woody plant species.
Regulation of a phenylalanine ammonia lyase (BbPAL) by calmodulin in response to environmental changes in the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana
Authors: Kim Jiyoung , Park Hyesung , Han Jae‐Gu , Oh Junsang , Choi Hyung‐Kyoon , Kim Seong Hwan , Sung Gi‐Ho 
Published: May 2015

SummaryPhenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL, E.C. 4.3.1.5) catalyses the deamination of L‐phenylalanine to trans‐cinnamic acid and ammonia, facilitating a critical step in the phenylpropanoid pathway that produces a variety of secondary metabolites. In this study, we isolated BbPAL gene in the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. According to multiple sequence alignment, homology modelling and in vitro PAL activity, we demonstrated that BbPAL acts as a typical PAL enzyme in B. bassiana. BbPAL interacted with calmodulin (CaM) in vitro and in vivo, indicating that BbPAL is a novel CaM‐binding protein. The functional role of CaM in BbPAL action was to negatively regulate the BbPAL activity in B. bassiana. High‐performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed that L‐phenylalanine was reduced and trans‐cinnamic acid was increased in response to the CaM inhibitor W‐7. Dark conditions suppressed BbPAL activity in B. bassiana, compared with light. In addition, heat and cold stresses inhibited BbPAL activity in B. bassiana. Interestingly, these negative effects of BbPAL activity by dark, heat and cold conditions were recovered by W‐7 treatment, suggesting that the inhibitory mechanism is mediated through stimulation of CaM activity. Therefore, this work suggests that BbPAL plays a role in the phenylpropanoid pathway mediated by environmental stimuli via the CaM signalling pathway.
Evolution of induction chemotherapy for non‐small cell lung cancer over the last 30 years: A surgical appraisal
Authors: Fabre Elizabeth , Rivera Caroline , Mordant Pierre , Gibault Laure , Dujon Antoine , Foucault Christophe , Le Pimpec‐Barthes Françoise , Riquet Marc 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundInduction chemotherapy (ICT) is supposed to reduce the risk of micrometastatic progression and improve resectability of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, best indications for ICT strategy remain unclear in published meta‐analyses. Based on this observation, an evaluation of daily practice is of importance. Therefore, we reviewed indications and efficacy time trends in our 30‐year series.MethodsA database including all patients with NSCLC who underwent surgical resection in two French centers from 1980 to 2009 (n = 5563) was prospectively set and retrospectively reviewed. The indications, clinical and pathologic response rates, and overall survival of ICT patients (n = 732) were analyzed during three successive time‐periods: P1 from 1980 to 1989, P2 from 1990 to 1999, and P3 from 2000 to 2009.ResultsThe proportion of patients who benefited from ICT increased over time, from 2.8% (n = 35) in P1 to 12.5% (n = 274) in P2, and 20.2% (n = 423) in P3. Indications evolved over time with more N2 patients (n = 211; 49.8%) and less initially unresectable patients (n = 72; 17%) in P3. The clinical response rate between P1 and P2 increased. Five and 10‐year survival rates of ICT patients were 35.2% and 21.5%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, time‐period, age, type of resection, histology, and pathologic response to chemotherapy were significant prognostic factors.ConclusionsOur report on the off‐trial use of induction therapy during the last 30 years demonstrates an increased use of ICT, a progressive focus on N2 disease, and improved response rates.
Reversal of neuromuscular block with sugammadex: a comparison of the corrugator supercilii and adductor pollicis muscles in a randomized dose–response study
Authors: Yamamoto S. , Yamamoto Y. , Kitajima O. , Maeda T. , Suzuki T. 
Published: May 2015

BackgroundNeuromuscular monitoring using the corrugator supercilii muscle is associated with a number of challenges. The aim of this study was to assess reversal of a rocuronium‐induced neuromuscular blockade with sugammadex according to monitoring either using the corrugator supercilii muscle or the adductor pollicis muscle. We hypothesized that a larger dose of sugammadex would be required to obtain a train‐of‐four (TOF) ratio of 1.0 with the corrugator supercilii muscle than with the adductor pollicis muscle.MethodsForty patients aged 20–60 years and 40 patients aged ≥ 70 years were enrolled. After induction of anesthesia, we recorded the corrugator supercilii muscle response to facial nerve stimulation and the adductor pollicis muscle response to ulnar nerve stimulation using acceleromyography. All patients received 1 mg/kg rocuronium. When the first twitch (T1) of TOF recovered to 10% of control values at the corrugator supercilii, rocuronium infusion was commenced to maintain a T1 of 10% of the control at the corrugator supercilii. Immediately after discontinuation of rocuronium infusion, 2 mg/kg or 4 mg/kg of sugammadex was administered. The time for recovery to a TOF ratio of 1.0 and the number of patients not reaching a TOF ratio of 1.0 by 5 min at each dose and muscle was recorded.ResultsWhen neuromuscular block at the corrugator supercilii was maintained at a T1 of 10% of control, that at the adductor pollicis was deep (post‐tetanic count ≤ 5). Sugammadex 4 mg/kg completely antagonized neuromuscular block at both muscles within 5 min. The time to a TOF ratio of 1.0 at the adductor pollicis was significantly longer in the group ≥ 70 years than the group 20–60 years (mean (SD): 178 (42.8) s vs. 120 (9.4) s, P < 0.0001). In contrast, 2 mg/kg sugammadex reversed neuromuscular blockade at the corrugator supercilii but not at the adductor pollicis, with 10 patients in the group 20–60 years and 8 patients in the group ≥ 70 years requiring an additional sugammadex (P < 0.05 vs. 4 mg/kg sugammadex).ConclusionSugammadex 4 mg/kg was required to reverse a moderate rocuronium‐induced neuromuscular block when the corrugator supercilii muscle is used for monitoring.
Evaluation of brief screens for gambling disorder in the substance use treatment setting
Authors: Himelhoch Seth S. , Miles‐McLean Haley , Medoff Deborah R. , Kreyenbuhl Julie , Rugle Loreen , Bailey‐Kloch Marie , Potts Wendy , Welsh Christopher , Brownley Julie 
Published: May 2015

Background and ObjectivesThe goal of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of brief screens for Gambling Disorder within a sample of people receiving outpatient treatment for substance use disorders.MethodsIndividuals (n = 300) recruited from intensive outpatient substance use treatment (23.67%) or methadone maintenance programs (76.34%) participated in the study. Four brief screens for Gambling Disorder were administered and compared to DSM‐5 criteria. Receiver operator curves were created and an Area Under the Curve (AUC) analysis (an overall summary of the utility of the scale to correctly identify Gambling Disorder) was assessed for each.ResultsOn average participants were aged 46.4 years (SD = 10.2), African American/Black (70.7%), with an income less than $20,000/year (89.5%). Half the participants were female. Approximately 40% of participants (40.5%; n = 121) met DSM‐5 criteria for Gambling Disorder. Accuracy of the brief screens as measured by hit rate were .88 for the BBGS, .77 for the Lie/Bet, .75 for NODS‐PERC, and .73 for the NODS‐CLiP. AUC analysis revealed that the NODS‐PERC (AUC: .93 (95% CI: .91–.96)) and NODS‐CLiP (AUC: .90 (95% CI: .86–.93)) had excellent accuracy.Discussion and ConclusionsThe NODS‐PERC and NODS‐CLiP had excellent accuracy at all cut‐off points. However, the BBGS appeared to have the best accuracy at its specified cut‐off point.Scientific SignificanceCommonly used brief screens for Gambling Disorder appear to be associated with good diagnostic accuracy when used in substance use treatment settings. The choice of which brief screen to use may best be decided by the needs of the clinical setting. (Am J Addict 2015;24:460 –466)
CHANGES IN THE PUBLIC FUNDING OF FRENCH VOLUNTARY ASSOCIATIONS: EVIDENCE, PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES
Authors: PROUTEAU Lionel , TCHERNONOG Viviane 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTIn France a considerable share of the resources of voluntary associations traditionally came from the public purse. In recent years, however, these resources have undergone significant changes. This article is intended to document and analyse these changes. It shows that the public funding for voluntary associations has risen more slowly than the number of applicants. In parallel, a repositioning among the public funding bodies has led to an increasing role of certain levels of sub‐national governments while a substitution of public contracts for grants has taken place. The article emphasizes the gradual trend towards the privatization and marketization of associations’ resources induced by such changes. Various effects that may arise from this new context in the medium term are considered. Particular emphasis is placed on the increasing impact of local government policies on the dynamic of the voluntary sector.
The clinical predictors of aetiology and complications among 173 patients presenting to the Emergency Department with oesophageal food bolus impaction from 2004–2014
Authors: Sengupta N. , Tapper E. B. , Corban C. , Sommers T. , Leffler D. A. , Lembo A. J. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryBackgroundOesophageal food bolus impaction (OFBI) is a common gastrointestinal emergency.AimTo describe contemporary aetiologies of OFBI, and variables that may predict eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) related OFBI as well as complications.MethodsPatients presenting to the Emergency Department between 2004 and 2014 with OFBI who underwent oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) were included. Clinical and endoscopic variables, as well as complications, were recorded. Aetiology of OFBI was determined by reviewing endoscopy reports. A diagnosis of EoE was confirmed via pathology (>15 eosinophils/high‐powered field) at the index or follow‐up EGD. Logistic regression was used to report associations of variables and complications.ResultsOf the 173 patients with OFBI, 139 (80%) had an aetiology recognised, the most frequent being EoE (27%, n = 47), Schatzki's ring (20%, n = 34) and oesophageal stricture (13%, n = 22). Six patients (3%) had oesophageal cancer. Patients with EoE‐related OFBI tended to be younger (42 vs. 69 years, P < 0.001), male (81% vs. 52%, P = 0.001), have a prior history of OFBI (45% vs. 18%, P = 0.001), and present during spring or summer (62% vs. 44%, P = 0.04). Eighteen patients (10%) had a complication associated with OFBI, with 3 (2%) perforations. On multivariate regression, patients with EoE‐related OFBI were not more likely to have a complication (OR 1.07, P = 0.92), although hypoxia at presentation (OR 59.7, P = 0.006) was associated with complications.ConclusionsEosinophilic esophagitis accounts for over a quarter of patients with oesophageal food bolus impaction. Overall complication rate was 10%, with a 2% perforation rate. Clinical characteristics of patients with eosinophilic esophagitis differ from other patients with oesophageal food bolus impaction.
BJP is linking its articles to the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY
Authors: McGrath J C , Pawson A J , Sharman J L , Alexander S P H 
Published: May 2015

Linked EditorialsThis Editorial is part of a series. To view the other Editorials in this series, visit: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.12956/abstract; http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.12954/abstract; http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.12955/abstract and http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.12856/abstract.VideoTo view the video on the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY, visit: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qhy3q33VtRI
Neutrophil extracellular traps can activate alternative complement pathways
Authors: Wang H , Wang C , Zhao M-H , Chen M 
Published: May 2015

SummaryThe interaction between neutrophils and activation of alternative complement pathway plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). ANCAs activate primed neutrophils to release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which have recently gathered increasing attention in the development of AAV. The relationship between NETs and alternative complement pathway has not been elucidated. The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between NETs and alternative complement pathway. Detection of components of alternative complement pathway on NETs in vitro was assessed by immunostain and confocal microscopy. Complement deposition on NETs were detected after incubation with magnesium salt ethyleneglycol tetraacetic acid (Mg-EGTA)-treated human serum. After incubation of serum with supernatants enriched in ANCA-induced NETs, levels of complement components in supernatants were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Complement factor B (Bb) and properdin deposited on NETs in vitro. The deposition of C3b and C5b-9 on NETs incubated with heat-inactivated normal human serum (Hi-NHS) or EGTA-treated Hi-NHS (Mg-EGTA-Hi-NHS) were significantly less than that on NETs incubated with NHS or EGTA-treated NHS (Mg-EGTA-NHS). NETs induced by ANCA could activate the alternative complement cascade in the serum. In the presence of EGTA, C3a, C5a and SC5b-9 concentration decreased from 800·42 ± 244·81 ng/ml, 7·68 ± 1·50 ng/ml, 382·15 ± 159·75 ng/ml in the supernatants enriched in ANCA induced NETs to 479·07 ± 156·2 ng/ml, 4·86 ± 1·26 ng/ml, 212·65 ± 44·40 ng/ml in the supernatants of DNase I-degraded NETs (P &lt; 0·001, P = 0·008, P &lt; 0·001, respectively). NETs could activate the alternative complement pathway, and might thus participate in the pathogenesis of AAV.
Relativistic Effects for Time‐Resolved Light Transport
Authors: Jarabo Adrian , Masia Belen , Velten Andreas , Barsi Christopher , Raskar Ramesh , Gutierrez Diego 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe present a real‐time framework which allows interactive visualization of relativistic effects for time‐resolved light transport. We leverage data from two different sources: real‐world data acquired with an effective exposure time of less than 2 picoseconds, using an ultra‐fast imaging technique termed femto‐photography, and a transient renderer based on ray‐tracing. We explore the effects of time dilation, light aberration, frequency shift and radiance accumulation by modifying existing models of these relativistic effects to take into account the time‐resolved nature of light propagation. Unlike previous works, we do not impose limiting constraints in the visualization, allowing the virtual camera to explore freely a reconstructed 3D scene depicting dynamic illumination. Moreover, we consider not only linear motion, but also acceleration and rotation of the camera. We further introduce, for the first time, a pinhole camera model into our relativistic rendering framework, and account for subsequent changes in focal length and field of view as the camera moves through the scene.
Recovery of ink particles in a concurrent column flotation
Authors: Mozaffari Ezatollah 
Published: May 2015

Deinked pulp is made from recycled paper in an industrial process called deinking. In this process, printing ink is removed from paper fibres. This research demonstrates the deinking process and discusses factors associated with the collection of released ink particles by bubbles. Flotation is introduced as a technology for the creation of ink‐laden bubbles and for the removal of the ink‐concentrated froth. A downward concurrent column reactor has been designed, manufactured, and used in a series of two‐phase flow experiments. The objective is to measure the liquid and gas retention time to highlight the most effective features associated with bubble particle attachment/detachment. A residence time of <10 s in the downcomer and 20 s in total was found to be sufficient for the collection and recovery of ink particles. It has been concluded that concurrent column reactors are potentially efficient for removing ink from paper fibres.
In Vivo Kinetics of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Transplanted into the Knee Joint in a Rat Model Using a Novel Magnetic Method of Localization
Authors: Ikuta Yasunari , Kamei Naosuke , Ishikawa Masakazu , Adachi Nobuo , Ochi Mitsuo 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe have developed a magnetic system for targeting cells in minimally invasive cell transplantation. Magnetically labeled MSCs (m‐MSCs) with nanoscale iron particles can be guided into the desired region by magnetic force from an extracorporeal device. We reported that magnetic targeting of m‐MSCs enhances cartilage repair in a mini‐pig model. However, the detailed kinetics of these magnetically targeted m‐MSCs remain unknown. For clinical use, this aspect should be clarified from a safety standpoint. We therefore investigated the spatial and temporal distribution of the fluorescently‐labeled m‐MSCs transplanted into the knee joint using in vivo fluorescence combined with three‐dimensional computed tomographic imaging in a rat model. Although the intraarticularly injected m‐MSCs were spread throughout the joint cavity in the absence of magnetic force, the magnetic force caused the injected m‐MSCs to accumulate around the chondral lesion. Further examinations including ex vivo imaging, histological assessments and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction revealed that transplanted MSCs were not present in any major organs after intraarticular administration, regardless of magnetic targeting. Our data suggest that m‐MSCs can be accumulated efficiently into a chondral lesion using our magnetic targeting system, while none of the intraarticularly transplanted MSCs migrate to other major organs.
Cardiovascular risks associated with second‐line oral antidiabetic agents added to metformin in patients with Type 2 diabetes: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Chang Y.‐C. , Chuang L.‐M. , Lin J.‐W. , Chen S.‐T. , Lai M.‐S. , Chang C.‐H. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAimTo compare the cardiovascular risks associated with second‐line oral antidiabetic agents added to initial metformin therapy in a large nationwide observational study.MethodsWe conducted a nationwide retrospective cohort study using the Taiwan National Health Insurance database. A total of 36 118 users of different add‐on oral antidiabetic agents (sulphonylureas, glinides, pioglitazone, α‐glucosidase inhibitors and dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors) after initial metformin therapy were included in the analysis. The reference group was sulphonylureas added to metformin, the most commonly used combination regimen. The main outcomes of interest were hospitalizations for any cardiovascular event including acute myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure and ischaemic stroke. In the main analysis, all patients were followed within their initiation groups until the study end, disregarding any changes in treatment status over time.ResultsIn intention‐to‐treat analyses, there was no difference in the risk of any cardiovascular event among the add‐on combination treatment groups, but significantly lower risks of acute myocardial infarction were found for the glinides plus metformin treatment group (crude hazard ratio 0.52, adjusted hazard ratio 0.39; 95% CI 0.20–0.75) and for the α‐glucosidase inhibitors plus metformin treatment group (crude hazard ratio 0.63, adjusted hazard ratio 0.54; 95% CI 0.31–0.95). No difference in risk of congestive heart failure or ischaemic stroke risk was found among the combination treatment groups. In secondary as‐treated analyses, similar but less significant associations were found as compared with the primary intention‐to‐treat analyses for all treatment groups.ConclusionThere were no differences in overall cardiovascular risks among several add‐on second‐line oral antidiabetic agents; however, glinide plus metformin and α‐glucosidase inhibitors plus metformin combination therapies might be associated with lower risks of acute myocardial infarction.
Temperamental and socioeconomic factors associated with traumatic dental injuries among children aged 0–17 years in the Swedish BITA study
Authors: Oldin Anna , Lundgren Jesper , Norén Jörgen G. , Robertson Agneta 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAimThe aim of the study was to identify individual risk factors for traumatic dental injuries (TDI) among Swedish children aged 0–17 years. The studied risk factors were temperamental reactivity of the child, family structure, parent's country of birth, and the socioeconomic status of the family represented by parental education and occupation.Subjects and methodsThe study included 2363 children in four different age cohorts at 12 public dental service clinics in Sweden, representing different types of demographic areas, both rural and urban. Data were collected from parents and children through an interview and questionnaires.ResultsThe more social and active children in the two older age cohorts showed less occasions of TDI. Having one parent/guardian protected the child from dental injury just as well as two parents/guardians. Parents born outside of the Nordic countries showed children with less TDI. Low parental education was related to more occasions of TDI among the children.ConclusionsThis study has increased the knowledge on certain individual risk factors for TDI. To prevent dental injuries, information could be given to families and children at risk.