bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An all-sky catalogue of stellar reddening values
Authors: Paunzen E. , Netopil M. , Prišegen M. , Faltová N. 
Published: July 2024

Context. When observing astronomical objects, we have to deal with extinction (i.e. the absorption and scattering of the emitted radiation by dust and gas between the source and the observer). Interstellar extinction depends on the location of the object and the wavelength. The different extinction laws describing these effects are difficult to estimate for a small sample of stars.
Aims. Many sophisticated and automatic methods have recently been developed for estimating astrophysical parameters (age and metallicity, for example) depending on the reddening, which is normally treated as a free parameter within the corresponding estimations. However, many reddening values for stars have been published over the last few decades, most of which include observations in the ultraviolet, which are essential for a good estimation but are essentially no longer taken into account.
Methods. We searched the literature through the end of 2022 for published independent reddening values of stellar objects based on various methods that exclude estimates from reddening maps. In addition, we present new reddening estimates based on the classical photometric indices in the Geneva, Johnson, and Strömgren-Crawford systems. These are based on well-established and reliable calibrations.
Results. After a careful identification procedure and quality assessment of the data, we calculated the mean reddening values of 157 631 individual available measurements for 97 826 objects. We compared our results with the ones from recent automatic pipeline values, including those from the Gaia consortium. In addition, we chose star cluster members to compare their mean values with estimates for the corresponding aggregates. Within the different references, we find several statistically significant offsets and trends and discuss possible explanations for them.
Conclusions. Our new catalogue can serve as a starting point for calibrating and testing automatic tools such as isochrone and spectral energy distribution fitting. Our sample covers the whole sky, including the Galactic field, star clusters, and Magellanic Clouds, and so can be used for a variety of astrophysical studies.
Empfehlungen zum Lipidmanagement
Authors:   Expertenkonsens, verfasst von Prof. E. Giannitsis für die Konsensusgruppe Lipidakademie Baden-Württemberg
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungTrotz evidenzbasierter Leitlinienempfehlungen zum risikoadaptierten Lipidmanagement ist die Umsetzung dieser Empfehlungen in die klinische Routine nur unzureichend erfolgt. Der nachfolgende Expertenkonsensus soll dazu dienen, die Hintergründe und die Datenlage, die den Empfehlungen zugrunde liegen, zu erläutern sowie praktische Ratschläge für die notwendigen Laborparameter und deren Interpretation zu liefern. Dabei werden Limitationen der LDL-Cholesterin-Schätzung aufgeführt und Lösungsmöglichkeiten dargestellt. Die Empfehlungen geben auch Informationen zur Rationale eines beschleunigten Erreichens der LDL-Zielwerte nach einem akuten Koronarsyndrom und weisen auch auf die Notwendigkeit einer frühen Initiierung einer effektiven LDL-Cholesterin-Senkung bei Patienten mit einer familiären Hypercholesterinämie hin. Schließlich werden auch regulatorische Vorgaben im Lipidmanagement sowie die Erstattungs- und Verordnungsfähigkeit in Baden-Württemberg dargestellt.
Periphere arterielle Verschlusskrankheit bei Diabetes mellitus
Authors: Tiefenbacher Christiane 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungUnter den klassischen Risikofaktoren der Atherosklerose spielt neben dem Nikotinkonsum der Diabetes mellitus (DM) eine besondere Rolle für die Pathophysiologie der peripheren arteriellen Verschlusskrankheit (pAVK), englisch Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD). Zur Abgrenzung einer pAVK der Arterien der unteren Extremitäten wurde im englischen Sprachraum zusätzlich der Begriff LEAD (Lower Extremity Arterial Disease) etabliert.Morphologische Besonderheiten von Diabetikern mit pAVK erschweren die Diagnostik und führen zu einer schlechteren Prognose. Um die Entwicklung einer pAVK früh zu erkennen und adäquat behandeln zu können, wird in den aktuellen Leitlinien ein regelmäßiges Screening empfohlen. Die Sekundärprävention mit konsequenter Einstellung der Gefäßrisikofaktoren und Lifestylemaßnahmen wie Gehtraining und Selbstkontrolle der Haut der unteren Extremitäten ist bei diesem Patientenkollektiv besonders wichtig.
Therapiebouldern bei rollstuhlpflichtiger Hemiparese
Authors: Dech Silas , Barth Leo , Kittel René 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungKletterbewegungen fördern und fordern das Gleichgewicht enorm. Aber sind auch
nach jahrelanger Therapie infolge eines Schlaganfalls positive Effekte auf das
Gleichgewicht bei einer schwer betroffenen Person möglich? Dieser Frage ging die
vorliegende Fallstudie nach. Die rollstuhlgebundene 46-jährige Teilnehmerin litt unter einer linksseitigen
spastischen Hemiparese, Ataxie und visuellen Einschränkungen. Sie absolvierte
eine Bouldertherapie nach dem Potsdamer Modell zusätzlich zur ambulanten
neurologischen Rehabilitation. Neben dem Gleichgewicht wurden auch die
Klettergeschwindigkeit sowie Griff- und Trittgenauigkeit analysiert.Nach sechs einstündigen Therapieeinheiten (1x pro Woche) verbesserte sich der
Wert der Berg-Balance-Skala um 6 Punkte. Außerdem kletterte sie an einer 10°
positiv geneigten Wand eine standardisierte Abfolge mit acht Zügen pro
Extremität über 3,6 m zur betroffenen Seite 41,1 s (− 24%) schneller als zuvor.
Bis zum sicheren Stand nach jeder Bewegung benötigte ihr linker Fuß dabei
durchschnittlich nur noch 1,8 Versuche pro Tritt statt vorher 2,1 (− 14%). Die
nicht ausdrücklich therapeutisch fokussierte Griffpräzision hat sich nicht
verändert. Der präsentierte Fall zeigt, dass bei Apoplex mit Verlust der Gehfähigkeit auch
nach einer mehr als fünfjährigen Therapie Erfolge bei Gleichgewichts- und
komplexen Bewegungsaufgaben möglich sind. Vermutlich haben die wenigen
Klettereinheiten einen neuen Trainingsreiz gesetzt und damit zu den
Verbesserungen beigetragen. Trotz der enormen Einschränkungen scheinen durch
gezielte Trainingsinhalte neue Bewegungsfertigkeiten erlernbar. Zusätzlich gab
das Klettern der Teilnehmerin neue Motivation, wieder selbstständig laufen zu
lernen.
The Traditional Intramedullary Axis Underestimates the Medial Tibial Slope Compared to Transmalleolar Sagittal Axis in Image-based Robotic-Assisted Unicompartimental Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Chirico Mattia , Zanna Luigi , Akkaya Mustafa , Carulli Christian , Civinini Roberto , Innocenti Matteo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (mUKA) has been recognized as an excellent treatment for medial knee osteoarthritis. The posterior tibial slope (PTS) is measured radiographically with the intramedullary axis (IMA) to the tibial baseplate on the sagittal plane radiograph. However, in most computer-navigated or robotic mUKAs, the PTS is set from a transmalleolar axis (TMA).The PTS difference was evaluatedbetween the sagittal TMA and the sagittal IMA of patients undergoing a CT-based primary robotic-assisted mUKA.We retrospectively reviewed the preoperative computed tomography (CT) scans taken according to the MAKO system protocol (Stryker) of 67 patients undergoing mUKAs. We measured the angular difference between the IMA and the TMA in the sagittal plane.Using the TMA to set the PTS the estimation of the slope of the medial tibial plateau would increase by an average of 1.9 ± 3.2 degreescompared to the IMA. Furthermore, in nineknees, PTS was decreased.Tibial components implanted with the help of a CT scan-based preoperative planning MAKO will show an average of 1.9 degrees more than those measured on sagittal radiographs potentially of concern for knee kinematics. A universal language is needed to standardize the slope calculation and the respective reference axis used.
Introduction of Fluorinated Groups via Photoredox-Catalyzed C–H Functionalization of (Hetero-)Arenes
Authors: Manna Sourav , Satta Pierpaolo , Gooßen Lukas J. , Goebel Jonas F. , Tzouras Nikolaos V. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn recent years, there have been increasing efforts in the development of methodologies for incorporating fluorine-containing functional groups into organic scaffolds. Modern techniques have made fluorinated molecules more accessible than ever before, but many fluorination reactions still have limitations in their generality, predictability, sustainability, and cost-effectiveness. The methodological progress has a significant impact on drug discovery and materials science research. Photoredox catalysis has enabled the discovery of effective methods, providing access to druglike molecules. Photochemical methods paired with C–H functionalization provide powerful tools for property-driven research. Herein, we examine recent developments at the interface of photoredox catalysis and C–H functionalization.1	Introduction2	Fluorinations3	Fluoroalkylations4	Fluoroalkoxylations5	Conclusion
Supra Digastric Muscles Approach for Styloid Process Resection
Authors: Yokoya Shigeomi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Objective Eagle syndrome, categorized into classical styloid syndrome and stylocarotid syndrome, presents challenges in determining the optimal surgical approach for styloid process (SP) resection. While intraoral resection suffices for many cases, especially classical styloid syndrome cases, stylocarotid syndrome sometimes demands a transcervical resection due to its intricate spatial dynamics. We describe a step-by-step procedure for modified transcervical resection using a supra digastric muscle approach (SDMA) for SP, emphasizing anatomical precision.
Methods and Results The approach is described in the case of a 60-year-old woman with acute cerebral infarction from left internal carotid artery dissection. Employing carotid artery stenting, we identified SP elongation as the underlying cause requiring transcervical resection to avoid stent damage. The operative procedure involves meticulous dissection via a linear skin incision, exposing key anatomical structures such as the sternocleidomastoid muscles, digastric muscles (DMs), and the transverse process of the atlas. Surgical corridor via supra DM space is an invaluable technique, offering the shortest distance to the SP without compromising nearby nerves. The SP, covered by muscles and ligaments, is carefully stripped off, enabling its amputation near the temporal skull base. The entire procedure is performed under a microscope to preserve surrounding nerves.
Conclusion The SDMA is a simple and safe technique, offering enhanced anatomical precision and minimizing the risk of nerve damage.
Unraveling the Mystery of Rathke's Cleft Cyst Presenting with Hyponatremia: A Case Report with a Comprehensive Review of Literature
Authors: Huda Shayan , Singha Souvik , Haidous Ali , Bukberg Phillip R. , Pramanik Bidyut K. , Harshan Manju , Mora Luis Medina , Devita Maria , McKeown Amy , Boockvar John A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRathke's cleft cyst (RCC) is a benign cystic lesion that is commonly discovered incidentally and remains asymptomatic in most cases. However, its association with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) secretion leading to hyponatremia (HN) is rare and has only been sporadically reported in the medical literature. In this article, we present a unique case of RCC manifesting with HN and discuss the diagnostic and management challenges encountered in a neurosurgical context. Additionally, we provide a comprehensive review of existing literature on RCC presenting with HN to enhance our understanding of this rare presentation. A 56-year-old woman with acute-onset blurry vision, headaches, and low fluid intake was diagnosed with euvolemic HN secondary to SIADH. Further evaluation revealed an intrasellar cystic lesion consistent with RCC, which was successfully resected through endoscopic transnasal transsphenoidal surgery, resulting in a complete recovery without the need for hormone replacement. The most likely explanation for the HN due to SIADH in this case is the release of accumulated antidiuretic hormone (ADH) due to compression by the cyst and the irritating effect of inflammation at this location. Accurate evaluation and classification of HN are essential for proper diagnosis and management, considering the rarity of RCC presenting with HN. A multidisciplinary approach to treatment can lead to favorable functional outcomes; however, further research is necessary to better comprehend this unique clinical entity and optimize neurosurgical approaches.
Efficacy and Safety of Low-Dose Nivolumab in Treatment of Advanced Solid Tumors: A Retrospective Audit from Resource-Constrained Settings
Authors: Kumar Amit , Kapoor Akhil , Noronha Vanita , Patil Vijay M. , Joshi Amit , Menon Nandini , Janu Amit , Mahajan Abhishek , Rajendra Akhil , Agarawal Amit , Khaddar Satvik , Rajpurohit Anu , Kashyap Lakhan , Srikant Anne , Panda Gautam , Kota Kishore Kumar , Talreja Vikas , Prabhash Kumar 
Published: July 2024

Background Immunotherapy has improved outcomes in many advanced solid tumors. In resource-constrained settings, less than 2% of patients can afford standard dose immunotherapy. A recent phase II study showed the efficacy of low-dose immunotherapy in this setting. We used low-dose immunotherapy on a compassionate basis in patients who had progressed on available standard treatment options and standard dose immunotherapy was not feasible.
Patients and Methods We retrospectively collected data from the medical oncology department for consecutive patients who had initially received standard lines of therapy followed by low-dose immunotherapy (nivolumab 40 mg) on a compassionate basis. The demographic details, histology, prior treatment, clinical and radiological response, date of disease progression, date of death, and toxicity data were collected.
Results A total of 54 consecutive patients, who received low-dose immunotherapy with nivolumab from January 1, 2018 to February 14, 2020, were included in this analysis; 4 patients were not radiologically evaluable. The median age was 50.4 years (range 35–74 years), male:female ratio was 6:1. The most common comorbidities were hypertension and diabetes seen in 12 (22.2%) and 6 (11.1%) patients, respectively. The majority of the patients (70.4%) were of head and neck cancer. The median follow-up was 4.5 months (range 0.5–11.7). Clinical benefit was observed in 18 (33.3%) patients. Partial response and stable disease were achieved in 9 (16.7%) and 5 (9.3%) patients, respectively. Median survival was not reached for these patients. Six months progression-free survival and overall survival were 100 versus 8.7% (hazard ratio [HR] 0.05, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.01–0.36; p = 0.003) and 100 versus 29.7% (HR 0.03, 95% CI: 0.00–0.95; p = 0.047), respectively, for responders and nonresponders. The side effects were manageable.
Conclusion In resource-constrained settings, low-dose immunotherapy with nivolumab seems to be an effective treatment option. Further studies are warranted to evaluate this approach.
Hamartomas of the Tuber Cinereum Associated with X-Linked Deafness Show Signs of Pubertas Tarda Instead of Pubertas Praecox and No Gelastic Seizures—Long-Term Follow-Up of 12 Years
Authors: Giesemann Anja , Schöner-Heinisch Anja , Götz Friedrich , Steinemann Doris , Lesinski-Schiedat Anke , Warnecke Athanasia , Lanfermann Heinrich , Hartmann Hans , Döring Katja 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose Hamartomas of tuber cinereum present as ectopic tissue in the hypothalamic region. Clinically, the usual hypothalamic hamartomas manifest themself by gelastic seizures and pubertas praecox. We observed an increased coincidence of the presence of X-linked recessive deafness DFNX2 (DFN3) and a hamartoma of the tuber cinereum. Initially five patients presented with hearing loss in childhood, two additional were already adults, not showing any characteristic symptoms for a hamartoma but signs of delayed puberty.
Methods Seven patients who underwent computed tomography imaging due to a sensorineural hearing loss and had a hamartoma of the tuber cinereum in addition to X-linked deafness DFNX2 (DFN3) were included in a retrospective study. Patients underwent initial neurologic, endocrinologic, and genetic evaluation. Long-term follow-up was performed after 10 to 12 years.
Results The average age at the initial exam was 12.9 years (range 4–29). All patients genetically proven nonsyndromic, X-linked deafness associated with the POU3F4 gene. Three out of six patients presented signs of delayed puberty. None of all seven showed any evidence of pubertas praecox or gelastic seizures at mean age of 17 years (range 17–29 years) at any time.
Conclusion Hamartomas of tuber cinereum are often coincident with DFNX2. Clinically, half of the cases are—in contrary to the usual pubertas praecox—associated with growth hormone deficiency and delayed puberty, in the sense of pubertas tarda, when coincident. Clinicians' and radiologists' knowledge and awareness of this rare combination are crucial to identify children early enough for hormone-sensitive treatment.
Liars know they are lying: differentiating disinformation from disagreement
Authors: Lewandowsky Stephan , Ecker Ullrich K. H. , Cook John , van der Linden Sander , Roozenbeek Jon , Oreskes Naomi , McIntyre Lee C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMis- and disinformation pose substantial societal challenges, and have thus become the focus of a substantive field of research. However, the field of misinformation research has recently come under scrutiny on two fronts. First, a political response has emerged, claiming that misinformation research aims to censor conservative voices. Second, some scholars have questioned the utility of misinformation research altogether, arguing that misinformation is not sufficiently identifiable or widespread to warrant much concern or action. Here, we rebut these claims. We contend that the spread of misinformation—and in particular willful disinformation—is demonstrably harmful to public health, evidence-informed policymaking, and democratic processes. We also show that disinformation and outright lies can often be identified and differ from good-faith political contestation. We conclude by showing how misinformation and disinformation can be at least partially mitigated using a variety of empirically validated, rights-preserving methods that do not involve censorship.
“When bad things happen to people”
Authors: Levisen Carsten , Ye Zhengdao 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The main challenge for studying the pragmatics of danger in a global context is how to separate
pseudo-universals from genuinely shared themes in discourses of danger. To identify common themes, it is important to approach
the discourses from a principled perspective that enables a genuine comparison of linguacultural logics that guide language
usage. In this chapter, we first elaborate on cultural pragmatics as the shared theoretical standpoint of all the studies in
the volume. We then introduce the common method­ological framework employed by all chapters for case analyses – the natural
semantic metalanguage (NSM) approach. We also discuss possibilities for modelling core scenarios that generate the discourses
of danger and explain how explications of cultural concepts and cultural logics can be formulated. Finally, an overview of
each case study in this collection is provided.
Society in danger
Authors: Levisen Carsten 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The word samfundssind, roughly “community spirit” came to be a keyword of the moment in
the Danish discourses of the global coronavirus pandemic. In an era of acute dangers to humanity, entire linguacultures
underwent massive pragmatic and semantic change, and in this chapter, multiple facets of samfundssind will be
analysed, including its metapragmatic and rhetorical profile, its tonality and keying, its cultural construction grammar, and
the reactive societal and axiological semantics that came to be associated with the word. The paper exemplifies the cultural
pragmatics of danger from the perspective of a local keyword which after its coinage in political discourse came to move an
entire population into a culturally specific moral construal of the pandemic, and which at the same time afforded a pragmatic
framework for collective affect, action, and responsibility.
Alla yustur
Authors: Habib Sandy 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This paper has aimed to explore the semantics and pragmatics of eight interjectional phrases used in Jish,
a small Arabic-speaking town in northern Israel. These interjectional phrases have two characteristics in common. First, each
of them includes the word alla ‘God’ or ṣalīb ‘cross,’ and second, they are employed when
the speaker senses some danger, hence my naming them “danger-thwarting divine interjectional phrases.” Using the Natural
Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) approach, a cultural script has been produced for each of the target interjectional phrases. The
cultural scripts describe the norms governing the use of these phrases, and they are written in terms that are simple and
(semi-)universal. Thus, they can be translatable into any language, offering cultural outsiders access into one part of the
Jish Arabic linguaculture.
Prediction model of coal seam gas content based on kernel principal component analysis and IDBO-DHKELM
Authors: Wang Wei , Cui Xinchao , Qi Yun , Xue Kailong , Wang Huangrui , Bai Chenhao , Qi Qingjie , Gong Bin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Accurate coal seam gas content assists in the effective prevention of coal and gas outburst accidents. To solve this problem, an IDBO-DHKELM coal seam gas content prediction model is proposed by combining improved Dung Beetle optimization algorithm (IDBO) with a deep hybrid kernel extreme learning machine (DHKELM). First, the index factors of the coupled gas content are determined according to the influence factors of coal seam gas content and the actual situation of mine production. The correlation of index factors is analyzed by SPSS 27 software via Pearson correlation coefficient matrix. Then, the principal components of the original data are extracted using the principal component analysis method (KPCA). Second, sine chaotic mapping, fusion improved sinusoidal algorithm, and fusion adaptive Gauss–Cauchy hybrid mutation perturbation are introduced to improve the Dung Beetle optimization algorithm (DBO) to enhance its global search capability. Third, IDBO is used to optimize the number of hidden layer nodes, regularization coefficient, penalty coefficient, and kernel parameter in DHKELM, which improves the prediction accuracy and further avoid the phenomenon of overfitting. Finally, the principal component extracted by KPCA is taken as the model’s input, and the gas content as the model’s output. The results are compared and analyzed with those of PSO-BPNN, GA-BPNN, PSO-SVM, and DPO-DHKELM models. The results demonstrate that the IDBO-DHKELM model’s performance is the best in each performance index. Compared with other models, the mean absolute error of test samples in the IDBO-DHKELM model is reduced by 0.402, 0.4407, 0.3554, and 0.0646, respectively. The mean absolute percentage error is decreased by 3.67%, 4.07%, 8.27%, and 6.35%, respectively. The root mean square error decreased by 0.7861, 0.7148, 0.3384, and 0.1186, respectively. The coefficient of determination (R
2) is increased by 0.1544, 0.1404, 0.0955, and 0.0396, respectively. Finally, the IDBO-DHKELM model and other models are applied to an experimental mine. The resulting IDBO-DHKELM model is the closest to the actual value, which further verifies the universality and reliability of the model. Therefore, the model is more suitable for the prediction of coal seam gas content.