bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
KIF5B‐RET fusions in Chinese patients with non–small cell lung cancer
Authors: Cai Weijing , Su Chunxia , Li Xuefei , Fan Lihong , Zheng Limou , Fei Ke , Zhou Caicun 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBACKGROUND:It has been established that “ret proto‐oncogene” (RET) fusions are oncogenic drivers in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The prevalence and clinicopathologic characteristics of RET fusions in Chinese patients with NSCLC remain unclear. The objective of the current study was to determine the prevalence and clinicopathologic characteristics of KIF5B‐RET fusions (fusions of the RET and kinesin family member 5B [KIF5B] genes) in Chinese patients with NSCLC.METHODS:The authors screened for KIF5B‐RET fusions in 392 patients with NSCLC using multiplex real‐time polymerase chain reaction assay and validated all positive samples using direct sequencing. The relations between KIF5B‐RET fusions and clinicopathologic characteristics were analyzed.RESULTS:In total, 6 patients (1.5%) were identified who harbored KIF5B‐RET fusions. Of these, 4 had adenocarcinoma, 1 had a malignant neuroendocrine tumor, and 1 had squamous cell carcinoma. All patients who were positive for a KIF5B‐RET fusion were never‐smokers. There was no statistically significant difference in age, sex, smoking status, pathologic stage, or histologic type between patients with and without KIF5B‐RET fusions. Patients without KIF5B‐RET fusions had a better prognosis than those with KIF5B‐RET fusions (median survival, 52.6 months vs 21.0 months; P = .06), with a hazard ratio of 2.398 (95% confidence interval, 0.982‐5.856; P = .055) on multivariate analysis. Disease stage (hazard ratio, 2.879) and younger age (<65 years; hazard ratio, 1.485) were identified as independent prognostic factors for better survival.CONCLUSIONS:KIF5B‐RET fusions were quite rare, with a prevalence of approximately 1.5% in Chinese patients with NSCLC, and they were a little more common in patients with adenocarcinoma than in those with squamous carcinoma (1.73% vs 0.84%). In addition, KIF5B‐RET fusions also existed in patients with low‐grade malignant neuroendocrine tumors. Cancer 2013. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Performance analysis of a mobile agent prototype system based on VIRGO P2P protocols
Authors: Jiang Yunliang , Liu Yong , Huang Wenliang , Huang Lican 
Published: February 2013

SUMMARYThe mobile agent technique has been broadly used in next generation distributed systems. The system performance measurement and simulation are required before the system can be deployed on a large scale. In this paper, we address performance analysis on a finite state mobile agent prototype on the basis of Virtual Hierarchical Tree Grid Organizations (VIRGO). The finite states refer to the migration, execution, and searching of the mobile agent. We introduce a novel evaluation model for the finite state mobile agent. The experimental results based on this evaluation model show that the finite mobile agents can perform well under multiple agent conditions and are superior to the traditional client/server approach. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Contemporary effective population and metapopulation size (Ne and meta‐Ne): comparison among three salmonids inhabiting a fragmented system and differing in gene flow and its asymmetries
Authors: Gomez‐Uchida Daniel , Palstra Friso P. , Knight Thomas W. , Ruzzante Daniel E. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe estimated local and metapopulation effective sizes ( and meta‐) for three coexisting salmonid species (Salmo salar, Salvelinus fontinalis, Salvelinus alpinus) inhabiting a freshwater system comprising seven interconnected lakes. First, we hypothesized that might be inversely related to within‐species population divergence as reported in an earlier study (i.e., FST: S. salar> S. fontinalis> S. alpinus). Using the approximate Bayesian computation method implemented in ONeSAMP, we found significant differences in () between species, consistent with a hierarchy of adult population sizes (). Using another method based on a measure of linkage disequilibrium (LDNE: ), we found more finite values for S. salar than for the other two salmonids, in line with the results above that indicate that S. salar exhibits the lowest among the three species. Considering subpopulations as open to migration (i.e., removing putative immigrants) led to only marginal and non‐significant changes in , suggesting that migration may be at equilibrium between genetically similar sources. Second, we hypothesized that meta‐ might be significantly smaller than the sum of local s (null model) if gene flow is asymmetric, varies among subpopulations, and is driven by common landscape features such as waterfalls. One ‘bottom‐up’ or numerical approach that explicitly incorporates variable and asymmetric migration rates showed this very pattern, while a number of analytical models provided meta‐ estimates that were not significantly different from the null model or from each other. Our study of three species inhabiting a shared environment highlights the importance and utility of differentiating species‐specific and landscape effects, not only on dispersal but also in the demography of wild populations as assessed through local s and meta‐s and their relevance in ecology, evolution and conservation.
Synthesis and Reactivity Studies of Dicationic Dihydrogen Complexes Bearing Sulfur‐Donor Ligands: A Combined Experimental and Computational Study
Authors: Gandhi Thirumanavelan , Rajkumar Subramani , Prathyusha V. , Priyakumar U. Deva 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA series of dihydrogen complexestrans‐[Ru(η2‐H2){SC(SR)H}(dppe)2][X][BF4] (R = CH3, X = OTf; R = C6H5CH2, X = BPh4; R = H2C=CHCH2, X = BPh4; dppe = Ph2PCH2CH2PPh2) bearing sulfur‐donor ligands has been synthesized by protonation of the (alkyl dithioformate)hydrido complexestrans‐[Ru(H){SC(SR)H}(dppe)2][X] by using HBF4·Et2O. Competitive substitution reactions between H2and SC(SR)H intrans‐[Ru(η2‐H2){SC(SR)H}(dppe)2][X][BF4] have been studied by treatment with CH3CN, CO, and P(OCH3)3. These resulted in the expulsion of SC(SR)H from the metal center, thus indicating that the alkyl dithioformate ligand is more labile than H2. Bonding of alkyl dithioformate ligands (sulfur‐donor ligands)transto H2have been studied by comparing the H–H distances and chemical‐shift values (1H NMR spectroscopy) of the various dihydrogen complexes bearing differenttransligands. This study qualitatively suggests that the alkyl dithioformate ligands in thesetrans‐dihydrogen complexes show a poor π effect, and it is further supported by density functional theory calculations. The first example of a dihydrogen complex bearing dithioformic acid,trans‐[Ru(η2‐H2){SC(SH)H}(dppe)2][BF4]2, was obtained by protonation oftrans‐[Ru(H){SC(S)H}(dppe)2] by using HBF4·Et2O.
Encapsulation Studies of Cationic Gold Complexes within a Self‐Assembled Hexameric Resorcin[4]arene Capsule
Authors: Adriaenssens Louis , Escribano‐Cuesta Ana , Homs Anna , Echavarren Antonio M. , Ballester Pablo 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAs the field of supramolecular catalysis develops, a sound fundamental understanding of the catalytic assemblies used will be essential. There is a lack of knowledge regarding systems based on transition‐metal catalysts as guests of supramolecular capsules. We investigate the inclusion behavior of gold complexes based on well‐known cationic Au(I) catalysts within a self‐assembled hexameric resorcin[4]arene capsule. The results shed light on the nature of the encapsulated species and the way in which those species are encapsulated. We introduce an encapsulation methodology that functions through the transient introduction of an excess of water. Through small modifications in the encapsulation methodology, we show that the inclusion process can be controlled to give different encapsulated species stemming from the same gold(I) precursor.
Synthesis and Solid‐State Structures of 6,13‐Bis(trifluoromethyl)‐ and 6,13‐Dialkoxypentacene
Authors: Schwaben Jonas , Münster Niels , Breuer Tobias , Klues Michael , Harms Klaus , Witte Gregor , Koert Ulrich 
Published: February 2013

Abstract6,13‐Disubstituted pentacenes were synthesized. Their electrochemical and optical properties, in addition to their packing motifs in the solid state, were determined. Treatment of pentacenequinone with TMSCF3 (Ruppert's reagent) and deprotection led to 6,13‐bis(trifluoromethyl)pentacene‐6,13‐diol, which was aromatized to 6,13‐bis(trifluoromethyl)pentacene by using PBr3. 6,13‐Dialkoxypentacenes were accessible by alkylation of the corresponding hydroquinopentacenes by using dialkyl sulfates. 6,13‐Bis(trifluoromethyl)pentacene and 6,13‐dimethoxypentacene exhibit slipped face‐to‐face π stacking in the solid state, whereas 6,13‐diethoxypentacene forms pairs of π‐stacking molecules in the solid state.
L‐Phototryptophan
Authors: Wartmann Thomas , Lindel Thomas 
Published: February 2013

AbstractPhototryptophan is a new photoactivatable amino acid designed to be incorporated into tryptophan‐containing peptides for photoaffinity labeling. The synthesis of phototryptophan starts from 6‐bromoindole with the installation of an 1‐azi‐2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl moiety, followed by microwave‐assisted condensation with serine under mild conditions. Separation of theN‐acetylated enantiomers was possible by employingAspergillusaminoacylase. Differential scanning calorimetry showed that phototryptophan is thermally stable up to 100 °C. Boc‐L‐Phototryptophan was used to assemble a diazirine analog of the marine natural product hemiasterlin.
SEDIMENT-ASSOCIATED PESTICIDES IN AN URBAN STREAM IN GUANGZHOU, CHINA: IMPLICATION OF A SHIFT IN PESTICIDE USE PATTERNS
Authors: Li Huizhen , Sun Baoquan , Lydy Michael J. , You Jing 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Pesticide use patterns in China have changed in recent years; however, the study of the environmental fate of current-use pesticides (CUPs) and their ecotoxicological significance in aquatic ecosystems is limited. In the present study, sediments were collected from an urban stream in the Chinese city of Guangzhou. Sediment-associated legacy organochlorine pesticides and CUPs—including organophosphates, pyrethroids, fipronil, and abamectin—were analyzed. Additionally, the relative toxicity of the sediments was evaluated with 10-d bioassays using Chironomus dilutus. Fifteen of 16 sediments collected from the stream were acutely toxic to C. dilutus, with 81% of the samples causing 100% mortality. Abamectin, fipronil, and pyrethroids (mainly cypermethrin) were identified as the principal contributors to the noted toxicity in the midges, with median predicted toxic units of 1.63, 1.63, and 1.03, respectively. Sediments taken from downstream sites, where residential and industrial regions were located, had elevated CUP concentrations and sediment toxicity compared with upstream sites. The present study is the first of its kind to link sediment CUPs, fipronil, and abamectin concentrations with toxicity in urban streams in China with a focus on shifting pesticide usage patterns. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:1040–1047. © 2013 SETAC
COMPARISON OF SPECIES SENSITIVITY DISTRIBUTIONS BASED ON POPULATION OR INDIVIDUAL ENDPOINTS
Authors: Beaudouin Rémy , Péry Alexandre R.R. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) developed from individual and population endpoints were compared based on simulations and a case study. The simulations were performed with five invertebrate species accounting for the diversity of benthic macroinvertebrate communities in large European lowland rivers and for five benthic invertebrates used as laboratory species. Population growth rate 10% effective concentration (EC10) values were, in most of the simulations, higher than the lowest of the EC10 values at the individual level. However, for the set of ecologically representative species, the fifth percentile level of this distribution (HC5) was more protective for population endpoints than for individual endpoints. This was the opposite for the set of laboratory species. Population and individual SSDs were also compared based on existing data on Cu for the five laboratory invertebrate species. In this case, the calculated population HC5 value was almost twice the individual value, and the authors showed much reduced variability between species sensitivities at population level compared with individual level. They conclude that population-based HC5 would generally be more protective than individual-based HC5. However, the change of level could reveal higher homogeneity at population level than at individual level, supporting the use of population-based HC5 to avoid overprotection. The authors thus advise the derivation of population-based HC5, as soon as it is possible, to derive such value with a relevant panel of species. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:1173–1177. © 2013 SETAC
Oxygen and sulfur dioxide additions to Sauvignon blanc must: effect on must and wine composition
Authors: Coetzee Carien , Lisjak Klemen , Nicolau Laura , Kilmartin Paul , du Toit Wessel Johannes 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTSauvignon blanc wines often have complex aromatic profiles with flavours ranging from herbaceous to tropical. The formation of volatiles during fermentation is critical for the aromatic bouquet of a wine. Oxygen and sulfur dioxide additions to the must can influence the formation of these compounds. However, the effect of different, controlled oxygen and sulfur dioxide additions to Sauvignon blanc must and the changes it induces in the corresponding wines has not been investigated in detail. The present study evaluated how controlled oxygen and sulfur dioxide additions to Sauvignon blanc must affects the levels of volatile and non‐volatile compounds, including the methoxypyrazines, volatile thiols, esters, alcohols, fatty acids, monoterpenes, glutathione and phenolics. It was evident that the presence of sulfur dioxide resulted in wines with higher concentrations of certain compounds. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Porosity in Catalyst Layers on Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Performances
Authors: Lee Y. , Kim T. K. , Choi Y. S. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractEffects of porosity of catalyst layers (CLs) on direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) performances are investigated using silicon dioxide (SiO2) particles as a pore former. The pore size and volume of CLs are controlled by changing the size and content of SiO2. As the size of pore formed by removal of SiO2 increases, DMFC performances are enhanced. The augmentation in performances can be explained by facilitation of fuel transport to catalyst particles, increase of utilization efficiency of catalysts, diminishment in methanol crossover, reduction in activation loss and facilitation of water discharging out of CLs of cathode due to the controlled porosity in CLs. The enhanced fuel transport, accessibility of fuels to Pt catalyst surface, is proved by the active areas of Pt catalyst. In addition to the active area of Pt catalyst, porous CLs exhibit a decline in methanol crossover, leading to increase of open circuit voltage (OCV). The porous CLs also show improvements in activation loss due to high porosity, causing enhancement in DMFC performances. In aspect of pore volume contribution to cathode performance, the SiO2 content is optimized. Based on the DMFC performances, it can be suggested that the optimum conditions of SiO2 are 500 nm in size and 20 wt.% in content. The porosity effect on both electrodes appears as follows: the pores in cathode are more effective on DMFC performances (55.5%) than those of anodes (44.5%) based on the maximum power of DMFC, indicating that the pores in CLs facilitate removal of water from electrodes.
Break‐down of Losses in High Performing Metal‐Supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Kromp A. , Nielsen J. , Blennow P. , Klemensø T. , Weber A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA detailed electrochemical impedance study with the help of the distribution of relaxation times (DRT) method and a subsequent CNLS‐fit enabled us to quantitatively analyze the different loss contributions in the cell: the ohmic resistance and the polarization processes related to the gas diffusion in the metal support, the electrochemical fuel oxidation at the anode and the oxygen reduction in the mixed ionic electronic conducting cathode. An additional process with a rather high relaxation frequency was attributed to the formation of insulating interlayers at the cathode/electrolyte‐interface. Based on these results, selective measures to improve performance and stability, such as (i) PVD‐deposited CGO buffer layer preventing solid state reaction between cathode and the zirconia‐based electrolyte, (ii) LSC‐CGO based in‐situ sintered cathodes and (iii) reduced corrosion of the metal support, were adopted and validated.
Sulfur Poisoning of Anode‐Supported SOFCs under Reformate Operation
Authors: Weber A. , Dierickx S. , Kromp A. , Ivers‐Tiffée E. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe impact of sulfur‐poisoning on reforming chemistry and electrochemistry of anode‐supported solid oxide fuel cells is analyzed via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Different types of anode supported cells are operated in hydrogen/steam – as well as simulated reformate – (H2 + H2O + CO + CO2 + N2) fuels containing 0.1–15 ppm of H2S. A detailed analysis of impedance spectra by the distribution of relaxation times (DRT) and a subsequent complex nonlinear least squares (CLNS) fit separates the impedance changes taking place at the anode and the cathode. Two main features were detected in the DRT, a decreased reaction rate of the electrochemical hydrogen oxidation and a deactivation of the catalytic conversion of CO via the water‐gas shift reaction. During the first exposure of the cell to a H2S‐containing fuel, an enhanced degradation is observed. The degradation rate increases several hours after H2S was added to the fuel and decreases after the poisoning is completed. The polarization resistance increased by a factor of 2–10, depending on H2S‐content, fuel composition and cell type. Comparing the temporal characteristics of the polarization resistance of two different anode supported cells, it could be shown that the accumulated H2S‐amount divided by the Ni‐surface area inside the anode substrate and anode functional layer determine the onset of the degradation.
Degradation of a High Performance SOFC Cathode by Cr‐Poisoning at OCV‐Conditions
Authors: Kornely M. , Menzler N. H. , Weber A. , Ivers‐Tiffée E. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn this work we investigate the effect of Cr‐poisoning at OCV‐condition by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The anode‐supported cell (ASC) is operated in Cr‐free environment for the first 70 h of the cell test at 800 °C supplying air to the cathode and a varying mixture of H2O/H2 to the anode. The performance of the cell is determined by current‐voltage (CV) measurement after the start up. After an operating time of 70 h in the absence of chromium species a Cr‐source was switched on by passing the oxidant (air) through a Crofer22APU powder bed. In order to determine the degradation caused by Cr‐poisoning electrical impedance spectra are collected at every 29 h of operating time. After further 275 h at OCV‐condition in the presence of Cr‐source another CV‐curve is measured. A detailed analysis of the measured impedance spectra by the distribution of relaxation times (DRT) enables a separation of the cathode polarization resistance. During the Cr‐free operation the cathode polarization shows a constant value. After the Cr‐source is switched on a strong increase of the cathode polarization resistance is observed. This unique result shows clearly that Cr‐poisoning of an LSM/8YSZ‐cathode already takes place at OCV‐condition.
Phenotypic redifferentiation and cell cluster formation of cultured human articular chondrocytes in a three‐dimensional oriented gelatin scaffold in the presence of PGE2 ‐ first results of a pilot study
Authors: Brochhausen Christoph , Sánchez Natalia , Halstenberg Sven , Zehbe Rolf , Watzer Bernhard , Schmitt Volker H. , Hofmann Alexander , Meurer Andrea , Unger Ron E. , Kirkpatrick Charles James 
Published: February 2013

AbstractModern tissue engineering strategies comprise three elemental parameters: cells, scaffolds and growth factors. Articular cartilage represents a highly specialized tissue which allows frictionless gliding of corresponding articulating surfaces. As the regenerative potential of cartilage is low, tissue engineering‐based strategies for cartilage regeneration represent a huge challenge. Prostaglandins function as regulators in cartilage development and metabolism, especially in growth plate chondrocytes. In this study, it was analyzed if prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has an effect on the phenotypic differentiation of human chondrocytes cultured in a three‐dimensional (3D) gelatin‐based scaffold made by directional freezing and subsequent freeze‐drying. As a result, it was clearly demonstrated that low doses of PGE2 revealed beneficial effects on the phenotypic differentiation and collagen II expression of human articular chondrocytes in this 3D cell culture system. In conclusion, PGE2 is an interesting candidate for tissue engineering applications since it represents an already well‐studied molecule which is available in pharmaceutical quality. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2013.
Mohr's Salt Hexahydrate: A Novel, Cheap and Powerful Reagent for Green Synthesis of Biscoumarins on Water
Authors: Khodabakhshi Saeed , Baghernejad Mojtaba 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA new and convenient method for the synthesis of biscoumarins based on the condensation of 4‐hydroxycoumarin and aromatic aldehydes in the presence of Mohr's salt hexahydrate (ferrous ammonium sulfate hexahydrate) as a novel catalyst on water is developed. This method has advantages such as the use of inexpensive and available reagent, avoidance of organic solvents, short reaction times, and high product yields.
Reactions of Iron Acyl Chalcogenide Clusters with Electrophiles: Reactivity Comparison and Theoretical Calculations
Authors: Shieh Minghuey , Chu Yen‐Yi , Chi Hsin‐Hung , Chen Horng‐Sun , Hsing Kai‐Jieah , Huang Chung‐Yi 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe reactions of two types of EFe3‐based acyl clusters [EFe3(CO)9C(O)C(H)CCH2)]− (E = S, 1; Se, 2; Te, 3) with different electrophiles have been systematically studied and compared. When the sulfur‐substituted allylcarbonyl Fe3‐cluster [Fe3(CO)9{μ3‐η2:η1:η3‐C(O)CHC(S)CH2}]− (1) was treated with CH3COCl in CH2Cl2, the Fischer‐type acyloxy carbene cluster [Fe3(CO)9{μ3‐η2:η4:η1‐C(OCOCH3)‐C(H)C(S)CH2}] (4) was obtained, along with the previously reported SC(O)C(CH3)=CH bridged Fe2‐complex [Fe2(CO)6{μ‐η2:η3‐SC(O)C(CH3)CH}] (5) and [HSFe3(CO)9]−. Similar acetylation of the allylcarbonyl SeFe3‐cluster [(μ3‐Se)Fe3(CO)9(μ3‐η1:η1:η3‐C(O)C(H)CCH2)]− (2) produced the Fe2‐carbene complex [Fe2(CO)6{μ‐η2:η3‐C(OCOCH3)C(H)C(Se)CH2}] (6) and the propyne‐bridged SeFe3‐complex [(μ3‐Se)Fe3(CO)9{μ3‐η1:η2:η1‐C(CH3)=C(H)}] (7) as well as [HSeFe3(CO)9]− and [Se2Fe3(CO)9]. However, when the analogous TeFe3‐based allylcarbonyl cluster [(μ3‐Te)Fe3(CO)9(μ3‐η1:η1:η3‐C(O)C(H)CCH2)]− (3) reacted with CH3COCl, only the fragmentation product [Te2Fe3(CO)9] was formed. Further acidification of cluster 1 with HBF4 proceeded to form complex 5 and [HSFe3(CO)9]−. Similar acidification of 2 formed the propyne‐capped complex 7, however, the protonation of 3 led to the formation of [Te2Fe3(CO)9]. Contrast to the reported reactions of 1 and 3, the reaction of 2 with [Cu(CH3CN)4][BF4] formed complex 7 and a new C(O)CH=C(Se)(CH3) bridged Fe2‐complex [Fe2(CO)6{μ‐η2:η3‐C(O)CHC(Se)(CH3)}] (8). The nature and formation of new carbene complexes 4 and 6 were further elucidated with the aid of molecular orbital calculations at the B3PW91 level of density functional theory.