bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex Disparities in Opioid Prescription and Administration on a Hospital Medicine Service
Authors: Yang Nancy , Fang Margaret C. , Rambachan Aksharananda 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Decisions to prescribe opioids to patients depend on many factors, including illness severity, pain assessment, and patient age, race, ethnicity, and gender. Gender and sex disparities have been documented in many healthcare settings, but are understudied in inpatient general medicine hospital settings.

Objective
We assessed for differences in opioid administration and prescription patterns by legal sex in adult patient hospitalizations from the general medicine service at a large urban academic center.

Designs, Setting, and Participants
This study included all adult patient hospitalizations discharged from the acute care inpatient general medicine services at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) Helen Diller Medical Center at Parnassus Heights from 1/1/2013 to 9/30/2021.

Main Outcome and Measures
The primary outcomes were (1) average daily inpatient opioids received and (2) days of opioids prescribed on discharge. For both outcomes, we first performed logistic regression to assess differences in whether or not any opioids were administered or prescribed. Then, we performed negative binomial regression to assess differences in the amount of opioids given. We also performed all analyses on a subgroup of hospitalizations with pain-related diagnoses.

Results
Our study cohort included 48,745 hospitalizations involving 27,777 patients. Of these, 24,398 (50.1%) hospitalizations were female patients and 24,347 (49.9%) were male. Controlling for demographic, clinical, and hospitalization-level variables, female patients were less likely to receive inpatient opioids compared to male patents (adjusted OR 0.87; 95% CI 0.82, 0.92) and received 27.5 fewer morphine milligram equivalents per day on average (95% CI - 39.0, - 16.0). When considering discharge opioids, no significant differences were found between sexes. In the subgroup analysis of pain-related diagnoses, female patients received fewer inpatient opioids.

Conclusions
Female patients were less likely to receive inpatient opioids and received fewer opioids when prescribed. Future work to promote equity should identify strategies to ensure all patients receive adequate pain management.
Wer steuert hier wen und was? Die Übersetzung von Paradoxien in Schulentwicklungsprozessen
Authors: Dimai Bettina , Rathgeb Gabriele , Jesacher-Rößler Livia 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag in der Zeitschrift „Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. (GIO)“ stellt im Kontext von Bildungsorganisationen ein aus der poststrukturalistischen Akteur-Netzwerk-Theorie stammendes Übersetzungsmodell vor, welches die Perspektive auf Machtverhältnisse und den Umgang mit Paradoxien in Veränderungsprozessen erweitert. Das Modell kann unterschiedlichen Veränderungsakteur/-innen, wie Führungspersonen, Teams oder externer Entwicklungsberatung als analytisch-heuristisches Wahrnehmungsraster dienen. Im Zuge des Autonomiediskurses erhalten Schulen einerseits Freiheit in ihrer konkreten Entwicklungsarbeit, andererseits wird diese durch Monitoring- und Controlling-Instrumente überwacht und begrenzt. Der Steuerungslogik solcher Educational-Governance-Ansätze liegt ein konstitutives Spannungsfeld zugrunde, das durch die pädagogischen Tätigkeiten innewohnenden Antinomien verstärkt wird. Anhand von zwei Fallstudien zu Schulen, die durch multiprofessionelle Teams über mehrere Jahre beraten wurden, wird der Frage nachgegangen, wie die beteiligten Akteur/‑innen – die Schulleitungen und Lehrende auf der einen, die Berater/‑innen auf der anderen Seite – mit den Spannungsfeldern und Widersprüchen, die sich aus der Anlage sowie der Umsetzung des verordneten Entwicklungsprojekts ergeben haben, umgegangen sind: Ist es gelungen, die Antinomien soweit zu übersetzen, dass ein konstruktiver Entwicklungsprozess auf den Weg gebracht wurde? Oder sind Spannungsfelder zu Zerreißproben geworden, an denen der Beratungsprozess scheiterte? Anhand des Übersetzungsmodells werden charakteristische Paradoxien in Bildungsorganisationen aufgezeigt, sowie exemplarisch Praktiken des Umgangs mit diesen nachgezeichnet.
Evaluations of Mechanical Properties and Functionalities of the Al- and Zr-Tailored Ti–5.5Mo Shape Memory Alloys for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Chiu Wan-Ting , Hayakawa Ryunosuke , Nohira Naoki , Tahara Masaki , Inamura Tomonari , Hosoda Hideki 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDue to the critical world population aging issue, biomaterials are important topics in the biomedical community. Among the biomedical materials, shape memory alloys (SMAs) are considered to be promising materials owing to their functionalities, such as shape memory effect (SME) and superelasticity (SE). Ti–Mo–Al-based alloys, which are biocompatible materials, are basic materials in the Ti-based SMAs due to the evaluation of the phase stability through the calculations of Mo and Al equivalents. This study, in addition, introduced Zr into the Ti–Mo–Al-based alloys for its highly biocompatibility and being a fine modifier to tune the phase stability. The mechanical (i.e., strength and elongation) and functional (i.e., SME and SE) properties have been investigated in this study to reveal the practicability of the biomedical applications for human usage. It was found that addition of Zr to the Ti–Mo alloy shows slight influence on the mechanical properties of the binary Ti–Mo alloy. With the addition of Al, that is, ternary Ti–Mo–Al alloys, two-stage yielding was found in the tensile examinations. Among all the alloys, the Ti–5.5Mo–4Al, the Ti–5.5Mo–4Al–6Zr, and the Ti–5.5Mo–8Al–6Zr (mol pct) alloys performed excellent shape recovery of about 100 pct in the bending and heating tests. Especially, the Ti–5.5Mo–4Al–6Zr and the Ti–5.5Mo–8Al–6Zr alloys further show high strength. Results in this study could be a guideline for the design of the fundamental Ti–Mo–Al-based SMAs.
Next-Generation Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Techniques for Characterization of Myocardial Disease
Authors: Simkowski Julia , Eck Brendan , Wilson Tang W. H. , Nguyen Christopher , Kwon Deborah H. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose of the Review
Many novel cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMR) techniques have been developed for diagnosis, risk stratification, and monitoring of myocardial disease. The field is changing rapidly with advances in imaging technology. The purpose of this review is to give an update on next-generation cMR techniques with promising developments for clinical translation in the last two years, and to outline clinical applications.

Recent Findings
There has been increasing widespread clinical adoption of T1/T2 mapping into standard of care clinical practice. Development of auto segmentation has enabled clinical integration, with potential applications to minimize the use of contrast. Advances in diffusion tensor imaging, multiparametric mapping with cardiac MRI fingerprinting, automated quantitative perfusion mapping, metabolic imaging, elastography, and 4D flow are advancing the ability of cMR to provide further quantitative characterization to enable deep myocardial disease phenotyping. Together these advanced imaging features further augment the ability of cMR to contribute to novel disease characterization and may provide an important platform for personalized medicine.

Summary
Next-generation cMR techniques provide unique quantitative imaging features that can enable the identification of imaging biomarkers that may further refine disease classification and risk prediction. However, widespread clinical application continues to be limited by ground truth validation, reproducibility of the techniques across vendor platforms, increased scan time, and lack of widespread availability of advanced cardiac MRI physicists and expert readers. However, these techniques show great promise in minimizing the need for invasive testing, may elucidate novel pathophysiology, and may provide the ability for more accurate diagnosis of myocardial disease.
Anatomical investigation of the common minke whale fetal tongue reveals papillae marginales and glands
Authors: Watanabe Haruto , Hirose Ayumi , Murase Hiroto , Nakamura Gen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe tongue serves as a vital organ in mammals, facilitating crucial functions such as mastication, swallowing, vocalization, thermoregulation, and taste reception. Cetacean tongues have evolved under distinct selective pressures compared to those of terrestrial mammals, yet research on their tongues is limited, leading to controversy regarding their gustatory abilities. This study aims to elucidate the morphological characteristics of the fetal tongue of common minke whales through both gross and microscopic observations. Macroscopic examination revealed that the papillae marginales were the only lingual papillae that were obviously developed in all specimens, and these projections are hypothesized to aid in suckling during the nursing period. Lingual glands were exclusively found in the proximal region of the tongue, unlike in toothed whales, where they are distributed in rostral regions. The rudimentary mechanical papillae and the caudal location of the lingual glands are thought to be consistent with the lunge feeding strategy. Neither macroscopic nor microscopic observations detected taste buds or any structures which are responsible for taste reception. Hence, it is suggested that gustation is not a crucial sense for nutrition in this species. These morphological findings enhance our understanding of rorqual feeding habits and provide insights for the management of this unique mammalian lineage.
Relevance of ethical criteria in sport mega-events: a segmentation of German media consumers
Authors: Lintumäki Petri , Schunk Holger , Könecke Thomas 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Based on recurrent rejections of Olympic bids in referenda, the public support for hosting sport mega-events (SMEs) in liberal democracies is seemingly decreasing. Observing the emergence of an ethical and sustainable consumption culture, the objectives of this research are a) to examine the relevance of ethical criteria for media consumers when evaluating SMEs they follow via the media, and b) to classify media consumers based on ethical and “traditional” sports-following criteria. The present study uses a cluster analysis to segment the consumers based on the identified criteria patterns. This is done based on a sample of 890 German adults. We identified four criteria patterns (escape, eustress, integrity and sustainability) and three media consumer segments (average sport followers, entertainment-driven sport followers and value-driven sport followers). The results revealed that the most significant differentiating factor between the segments was event sustainability, while integrity had a high relative importance for all segments. The findings enhance our understanding of the different types of media consumers and their expectations regarding SMEs, and lay the groundwork for research into the impacts of ethical and sustainable consumer culture on future SMEs.
The Effects of a Novel Sodium Bicarbonate Ingestion System on Repeated 4 km Cycling Time Trial Performance in Well-Trained Male Cyclists
Authors: Gough Lewis A. , Sparks S. Andy 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
A novel sodium bicarbonate (SB) product has come to market named the “Bicarb System” (M-SB; Maurten AB, Gothenburg, Sweden). It claims to minimise gastrointestinal (GI) discomfort whilst still improving exercise performance.

Aim
To investigate the effects of M-SB ingestion on repeated 4 km cycling time trials (TT1 and TT2) in well-trained male cyclists.

Methods
The study recruited ten well-trained cyclists (maximal oxygen uptake ($$\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2\max }$$

V
˙

O

2
max

): 67 ± 4 ml kg−1 min−1 BM; peak power output (PPO) at $$\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2\max }$$

V
˙

O

2
max

: 423 ± 21 W) to take part in this randomised, crossover and double-blinded study. Following one visit to determine $$\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2\max }$$

V
˙

O

2
max

, participants completed a second visit to identify individual time to peak blood bicarbonate (HCO3−) (ITTP) in a rested state. Visit three was a familiarisation trial mimicking the experimental procedures. Visits four to seven consisted of completing 2 × 4 km cycling TTs separated by 45 min passive recovery, following one of either: 0.3 g kg−1 BM M-SB, 0.21 g kg−1 BM sodium chloride (placebo; PLA) in vegetarian capsules (size 00), or a control trial (CON). Supplements (M-SB or placebo) were ingested pre-exercise at their respective ITTP.

Results
Performance in TT1 was faster in the M-SB condition compared with TT1 in CON (− 5.1 s; p = 0.004) and PLA (− 3.5 s; p < 0.001). In TT2, performance was also significantly faster in the M-SB condition compared with CON (− 4.4 s; p = 0.018) or PLA (− 4.1 s; p = 0.002). Total aggregated GI symptoms were generally low and not significantly different between PLA and the M-SB conditions for a range of symptoms.

Conclusions
The ingestion of M-SB improves repeated 4 km cycling TT performance and the recovery of acid–base balance between bouts, whilst causing minimal GI discomfort.
Quantum optimal transport: an invitation
Authors: Trevisan Dario 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe optimal mass transport problem was formulated centuries ago, but only recently there has been a surge in its applications, particularly in functional inequalities, geometry, stochastic analysis, and numerical solutions for partial differential equations. Quantum optimal transport aims to extend this success story to non-commutative systems, where density operators replace probability measures. This brief review paper aims to describe the latest approaches, highlighting their advantages, disadvantages, and open mathematical problems relevant to applications.
Emerging technologies in urban design pedagogy: augmented reality applications
Authors: Mehan Asma , Mostafavi Sina 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn the contemporary era of urban design, the advent of big data and digital technologies has ushered in innovative approaches to exploring urban spaces. This study focuses on the application of Augmented Reality (AR) and Extended Reality (XR) technologies in the metropolitan areas of Houston and Amsterdam. These technologies create immersive 'Phygital Installations' that blend physical and digital elements, effectively capturing people's perceptions and enhancing urban design proposals. By fostering human-centered planning, AR and XR technologies make urban design more interactive and accessible to the public. Houston, with its rapid industrial growth and diverse socio-economic landscape, provides a unique setting to examine the impacts of these technologies on urban form and socio-environmental dynamics. In contrast, Amsterdam, with its rich historical layers and socio-cultural diversity, offers insights into the integration of AR/XR technologies in urban planning, particularly in the realm of historical preservation and contemporary urban development. This research contributes to the emerging field of AR/XR in urban design by highlighting the transformative potential of these technologies in enhancing the understanding and engagement in urban design and spatial planning.
An Orbital Comparison of a Late Mantling Unit on Aeolis Mons With Other Erosion‐Resistant Strata Explored by MSL in Gale Crater, Mars
Authors: Rudolph A. , Horgan B. , Bennett K. , Weitz C. , Sheppard R. , Banham S. G. , Bryk A. B. , Kite E. , Roberts A. , Scuderi L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPrevious investigations along Curiosity's traverse in Gale crater have explored the relationship between orbital and in situ observations. This work aims to better understand the geologic environment of units only observable from orbit and compare them to the properties of units examined by Curiosity. Here, we map an erosion‐resistant dark‐toned mantling unit that overlies the modern topography of Aeolis Mons (informally known as Mt. Sharp) and compare this unit to two other previously mapped dark‐toned resistant units, the marker band and the mound skirting unit (MSU), that have been inferred to represent different geologic environments (lacustrine and aeolian, respectively). Visible to short wave infrared spectra from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars and visual images from the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment and Context Cameras aboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter are used for this comparison. Spectral data suggest a mafic composition with minor alteration, although the composition varies more with location around Mt. Sharp rather than between units. Morphologically, the mantling unit has strong similarities to the marker band based on their consistent low‐albedo, erosion‐resistance, and smooth appearance, contrasting with the highly variable surface texture of the MSU. We hypothesize that all three units had a similar sediment source but experienced aqueous alteration at different times: early ubiquitous cementation in a surface aqueous environment in the mantling unit and marker band versus patchy late diagenesis in the MSU. If true, these results suggest that water activity continued within the Gale crater long after the erosion of Mt. Sharp.
Probing the weak limit of magnetocrystalline anisotropy through a spin‒flop transition in the van der Waals antiferromagnet CrPS4
Authors: Seo Jae Yeon , Lim Sunghyun , Shin Hyun Jun , Jeong Ki Won , Hong Jae Min , Moon Kyungsun , Kim Mi Kyung , Lee Nara , Choi Young Jai 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The influence of magnetocrystalline anisotropy (MCA) on antiferromagnetism is elucidated through the characterization of the spin‒flop transition. However, due to a lack of suitable candidates for investigation, a detailed understanding of the preservation of the spin‒flop transition in the presence of low MCA energy remains elusive. In this study, we introduce CrPS4, which is a two-dimensional van der Waals antiferromagnet, as an ideal system to explore the exceedingly weak limit of the thermally-evolved MCA energy. By employing a uniaxially anisotropic spin model and fitting it to the experimental magnetic properties, we quantify the MCA energy and identify the discernible spin configurations in different magnetic phases. Notably, even at the limit of extremely weak MCA, with a mere 0.12% of the interlayer antiferromagnetic exchange interaction at T = 33 K, which is slightly below the Néel temperature (T
N) of 38 K, the spin‒flop transition remains intact. We further establish a direct correlation between the visualized spin arrangements and the progressive reversal of magnetic torque induced by rotating magnetic fields. This analysis reveals the essential role of MCA in antiferromagnetism, thus extending our understanding to previously undetected limits and providing valuable insights for the development of spin-processing functionalities based on van der Waals magnets.
Characterization and antioxidant activity of nano-formulated berberine and cyperus rotundus extracts with anti-inflammatory effects in mastitis-induced rats
Authors: Hashem Aml E. , Elmasry Ingi H. , Lebda Mohamed A. , El-Karim Dina R. S. Gad , Hagar Mohamed , Ebied Sawsan Kh. M. , Alotaibi Badriyah S. , Rizk Nermin I. , Ghamry Heba I. , Shukry Mustafa , Edres Hanan A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBovine mastitis caused by infectious pathogens, mainly Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli), constitutes a major destructive challenge for the dairy industry and public health. Berberine chloride (BER) and Cyperus rotundus possess a broad spectrum of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiproliferative activities; however, their bioavailability is low. This research aimed first to prepare an ethanolic extract of Cyperus rotundus rhizomes (CRE) followed by screening its phytochemical contents, then synthesis of BER and CRE loaded chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) (BER/CH-NPs and CRE/CH-NPs), afterward, the analysis of their loading efficiency in addition to the morphological and physicochemical characterization of the formulated NPs employing Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Zeta Potential (ZP), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) assessments compared to their crude forms to evaluate the enhancement of bioavailability and stability. Isolation of bacterial strains from the milk of mastitic cows, used for induction of mammary gland (MG) inflammation in female albino rats, and a preliminary investigation of the prophylactic oral doses of the prepared NPs against S. aureus-induced mastitis in female rats. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of BER/CH-NPs and CRE/CH-NPs is 1 mg/kg b.w. BER/CH-NPs and CRE/CH-NPs alone or in combination show significant (P ≤ 0.05) DPPH radical scavenging activity (69.2, 88.5, and 98.2%, respectively) in vitro. Oral administration of BER/CH-NPs and CRE/CH-NPs to mastitis rats significantly (P ≤ 0.05) attenuated TNF-α (22.1, 28.6 pg/ml), IL-6 (33.4, 42.9 pg/ml), IL-18 (21.7, 34.7 pg/ml), IL-4 (432.9, 421.6 pg/ml), and MPO (87.1, 89.3 pg/ml) compared to mastitis group alongside the improvement of MG histopathological findings without any side effect on renal and hepatic functions. Despite promising results with BER and CRE nanoparticles, the study is limited by small-scale trials, a focus on acute administration, and partially explored nanoparticle-biological interactions, with no economic or scalability assessments. Future research should address these limitations by expanding trial scopes, exploring interactions further, extending study durations, and assessing economic and practical scalability. Field trials and regulatory compliance are also necessary to ensure practical application and safety in the dairy industry. In conclusion, the in vitro and in vivo results proved the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory efficacy of BER/CH-NPs and CRE/CH-NPs in low doses with minimal damage to the liver and kidney functions, supposing their promising uses in mastitis treatment.
Analysis of the thermal insulation performance of cement with waste glass powder in geothermal well
Authors: Ji Ying , Song Li , Sha Qianqian , Zhu Gang , Xue Yuze , Zhang Tinghui , Fan Shuai 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTo improve the heat extraction efficiency from the wellbore fluids to the stratum in the geothermal well, thermal insulation cement, which contains of waste glass powder as a heat-insulating material, is proposed to apply in geothermal well’s middle and upper sections in the paper. Effect of such glass powers on mechanic and thermal property of thermal insulation cement was then investigated. Various tests were carried out to measure compressive strength, thermal conductivity, microstructure porosity etc. parameters of the thermal insulation cement. Results showed that the waste glass powder would enhance its the compressive strength and improve its the thermal insulation performance. Correlation study between contents of the added waste glass powder in geothermal cements and its mechanic and thermal property was conducted. It was found that thermal insulation cement exhibited its optimum performance when the added content of glass powers was 20% in weight. Analysis of the microstructure porosity with SEM found that the pores in thermal insulation cement with added waste glass powders were mostly closed, tiny and even, and therefore contributed to the compressive strength of the thermal insulation cement; such pores would be also beneficial to improving its thermal insulation performance.