bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic concepts and methods for improving dental implant outcomes. Summary and consensus statements. The 4th EAO Consensus Conference 2015
Authors: Sanz Mariano , Donos Nikos , Alcoforado Gil , Balmer Marc , Gurzawska Katarzyna , Mardas Nikos , Milinkovic Iva , Nisand David , Rocchietta Isabella , Stavropoulos Andreas , Thoma Daniel S. , Torsello Ferruccio 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundDifferent therapeutic concepts and methods have been proposed for improving dental implant outcomes in three specific clinical situations: (i) the fresh extraction socket with alveolar ridge preservation protocols; (ii) the posterior maxilla with limited bone height with either the placement of regular‐sized implants after sinus elevation and grafting or short dental implants and; (iii) the posterior mandible with limited bone height with either vertical bone augmentation and placement of implants or short dental implants.Materials and methodsThree systematic reviews, based on randomized and controlled clinical trials have evaluated the efficacy of these different therapeutic modalities in terms of dental implant outcomes.Results and conclusionsInterventions aimed for alveolar ridge preservation have shown efficacy in terms of allowing the placement of dental implants and for reducing the need of further augmentation procedures at implant placement. Both therapeutic options, the placement of implants after sinus elevation and grafting or short dental implants, were valid alternatives in the treatment of the posterior maxilla with deficient bone availability, although short implants resulted in fewer complications. Similarly, the placement of implants in vertically augmented bone rendered comparable outcomes with those of short implants in the treatment of the posterior mandible, but short implants resulted in fewer complications.
The patient undergoing implant therapy. Summary and consensus statements. The 4th EAO Consensus Conference 2015
Authors: Klinge Björn , Flemming Thomas , Cosyn Jan , De Bruyn Hugo , Eisner Barbara M. , Hultin Margareta , Isidor Flemming , Lang Niklaus P. , Lund Bodil , Meyle Jürg , Mombelli Andrea , Navarro Jose Manuel , Pjetursson Bjarni , Renvert Stefan , Schliephake Henning 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIntroductionThe assignment for this working group was to update the existing knowledge regarding factors considered being of special relevance for the patient undergoing implant therapy. This included areas where conflicting opinions exists since long or recently has been expressed, like the role of antibiotic prophylaxis in dental implant surgery and peri‐implantitis. Also areas with growing interest and concern such as patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) and health‐economy was included in this review.Materials and methodsThe literature in the respective areas of interest (antibiotic prophylaxis, peri‐implantitis, patient‐reported outcome measurements and health‐economic aspects) was searched using different strategies for the different papers. Search strategies ranged from a complex systematic review to systematic‐ and narrative reviews, depending on subject and available literature. All collected material was critically reviewed. Four manuscripts were subsequently presented for group analysis and discussion and plenum discussions and concensus approval. The selected areas were considered to be of key importance and relevance for the patient undergoing implant therapy.ResultsThe results and conclusions of the review process are presented in the respective papers. The group′s conclusions, identified knowledge gaps, directions for future research and concensus statements are presented in this article.The following reviews were available for group discussions and the foundation for subsequent plenary sessions:

Lund B, Hultin M, Tranaeus S, Naimi‐Akbar A, Klinge B. (2015) Perioperative antibiotics in conjunction with dental implant placement. A complex systematic review.

Renvert S & Quirynen M. (2015) Risk indicators for peri‐implantitis. A narrative review.

De Bruyn H, Raes S, Matthys C, Cosyn J. (2015) The current use of patient centered/reported outcomes in implant dentistry. A systematic review.

Beikler T & Flemmig T.F. (2015) Economic evaluation of implant‐supported prostheses. A narrative review.
Bone Marrow Endothelial Progenitor Cell Transplantation After Ischemic Stroke: An Investigation Into Its Possible Mechanism
Authors: Bai Ying‐Ying , Peng Xin‐Gui , Wang Li‐Shan , Li Zi‐Hui , Wang Yuan‐Cheng , Lu Chun‐Qiang , Ding Jie , Li Pei‐Cheng , Zhao Zhen , Ju Sheng‐Hong 
Published: September 2015

SummaryAimsWe tested the hypothesis that endothelial progenitor cell (EPC)‐mediated functional recovery after stroke may be associated with the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)/brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling pathway.MethodsMice were infused with either EPCs or saline after being subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion. The EPC‐treated mice also received intravenous injections of either Nω‐nitro‐l‐arginine methyl ester (L‐NAME, the NOS inhibitor) or saline.ResultsThe activation of eNOS and the expression of BDNF were significantly increased in ischemic brain of the EPC‐treated mice, along with increased angiogenesis and neurogenesis. On diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), significant increases in fractional anisotropy and fiber count were observed in white matter, indicating axonal growth stimulated by EPCs. However, the EPC‐treated mice that were received an L‐NAME injection failed to exhibit the observed increases in angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and axonal growth. In addition, the neurons cocultured with EPCs in vitro exhibited the increased expression of BDNF and decreased apoptosis after oxygen–glucose deprivation compared with the control group. This EPC‐induced protective effect was virtually absent in the L‐NAME treatment group.ConclusionThe eNOS/BDNF pathway may be involved in the EPC‐mediated functional recovery of stroke mice. DTI is feasible for dynamically tracking the orientation of axonal projections after EPC treatment.
Generalized epileptiform discharges in postanoxic encephalopathy: Quantitative characterization in relation to outcome
Authors: Ruijter Barry J. , van Putten Michel J. A. M. , Hofmeijer Jeannette 
Published: September 2015

SummaryObjectiveElectrographic status epilepticus is observed in 10–35% of patients with postanoxic encephalopathy. It remains unclear which electrographic seizure patterns indicate possible recovery, and which are a mere reflection of severe ischemic encephalopathy, where treatment would be futile. We aimed to identify quantitative electroencephalography (EEG) features with prognostic significance.MethodsFrom continuous EEG recordings of 47 patients with generalized electrographic status epilepticus after cardiac arrest, 5‐min epochs were selected every hour. Epochs were visually assessed and categorized into seven categories, including epileptiform discharges. Five quantitative measures were extracted, reflecting background continuity, discharge frequency, discharge periodicity, relative discharge power, and interdischarge waveform correlation. The best achieved outcome within 6 months after cardiac arrest was categorized as “good” (Cerebral Performance Category 1–2, i.e., no or moderate neurologic disability) or “poor” (CPC 3–5, i.e., severe disability, coma, or death).ResultsTen patients (22%) had a good outcome. Status epilepticus in patients with good outcome started later (45 vs. 29 h after cardiac arrest, p < 0.001), more often ceased for at least 12 h (90% vs. 16%, p = 0.02), and was less often treated with antiepileptic drugs (30% vs. 73%, p = 0.02). Status epilepticus in patients with a good outcome always evolved from a continuous background pattern, as opposed to evolution from a discontinuous background pattern in 14 patients (38%) with a poor outcome. Epileptiform patterns of patients with good outcome had higher background continuity (1.00 vs. 0.83, p < 0.001), higher discharge frequency (1.63 vs. 0.90 Hz, p = 0.002), lower relative discharge power (0.29 vs. 0.40, p = 0.01), and lower discharge periodicity (0.32 vs. 0.45, p = 0.04).SignificanceOur results can be used to identify patients with possible recovery. We speculate that quantitative features associated with poor outcome reflect low neural network complexity, resulting from extensive ischemic damage.
Association study of interleukin‐1 family and interleukin‐6 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms in recurrent aphthous stomatitis
Authors: Najafi S. , Yousefi H. , Mohammadzadeh M. , Bidoki A. Z. , Firouze Moqadam I. , Farhadi E. , Amirzargar A. A. , Rezaei N. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryRecurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a common painful, ulcerative oral inflammatory disorder with unknown aetiology. Immune system and aberrant cytokine cascade deemed to be critical in outbreaks of RAS ulcers. Interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) and IL‐6 are the most potent pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of IL‐1 and IL‐6 genes can affect the secretion of these cytokines. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between RAS and IL‐6 and IL‐1 in Iranian subjects with minor RAS. Genomic DNA was obtained from 64 Iranian patients with RAS. IL‐1α C −889 T, IL‐1β C −511 T, IL‐1β C +3962 T, IL‐1R C pst‐I 1970 T, IL‐1Ra C Mspa‐I11100 T, IL‐6 C −174 G and IL‐6 A nt +565 G polymorphisms were determined using polymerase chain reaction with sequence‐specific primers (PCR‐SSP). The frequency of C −174 C genotype in the patients group was significantly different from the healthy control. No other significant differences were found in genotype and alleles frequencies between the two groups. These results indicate that certain SNPs of IL‐6 gene at position −174 which located in promoter have association with predisposition of individuals to RAS.
Adaptive evolution of theMHCclassIII‐encoded receptorRAGEin primates and murine rodents
Authors: Wu X. , Wu J. , Thompson C. W. , Li Y. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThe receptor for advanced glycation end products is associated with a series of physiological and pathological processes. Here, we studied the evolution of this multiligand receptor in primates and murine rodents. The evolutionary analyses reveal that adaptive selection had contributed to the variation at a number of amino acid sites in both taxa. Further, the major adaptively selected sites of both taxa are located on the extracellular ligand‐ and intracellular adaptor‐binding regions and receptor oligomerization‐related surfaces. The co‐occurrence of adaptive evolution on the homologue domains suggests that they could play similar roles in these taxa. In terms of advantage fitness, the adaptive changes at these sites could contribute to host defence against the potential challenges towards these interactions and relevant signalling pathways, or the specificity of these essential points.
CTLA4+49G allele associates with early onset of type 1 diabetes in North Indians
Authors: Kumar N. , Kaur G. , Kanga U. , Mehra N. K. , Neolia S. C. , Tandon N. , Zucman S. C. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryType 1 diabetes (T1D) is a complex autoimmune disease with strong genetic influence. In this study, we investigated +49A/G SNP (rs 231775) in exon 1 of cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte‐associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) by PCR‐RFLP and its influence as a risk factor for the disease in the North Indian population. This polymorphism at codon 17 results in an amino acid substitution (Thr/Ala) in the leader peptide of the molecule. The study included 232 patients with T1D (age at onset of disease (AOD): 0.5–37 years) and 305 ethnically matched healthy controls. The DNA obtained from these 537 individuals was amplified using a set of specific primers followed by restriction enzyme digestion with Fnu4HI. The +49G allele as well as its homozygous genotype G/G was observed to be significantly higher in patients as compared to the healthy controls {(37.3% vs. 25.6%, P = 4.96E−05, OR = 1.73; 95%CI = 1.33–2.25) (15.52% vs. 6.6%, P = 0.001, OR = 2.62; 95% CI = 1.48–4.63) respectively}. The frequency of G/G genotype was significantly higher in patients with early age at onset of disease (AOD:<12 years) as compared to that in the late‐onset patients with AOD: ≥12 years (21.1% vs. 10.6%, P = 0.042, OR = 2.26; 95% CI = 1.09–4.67) as well as to that in the healthy controls (21.1% vs. 6.6%, P = 0.00004, OR = 3.8; 95% CI = 2.01–7.2). Further analysis revealed that the median AOD significantly reduced (P = 0.049) from 14 years in patients with A/A genotype to 11 and 10 years in those with A/G and G/G genotypes, respectively. These results suggest that CTLA4+49G allele, particularly in homozygous G/G condition, associates with early onset of T1D.
Is acute reperfusion therapy safe in acute ischemic stroke patients who harbor unruptured intracranial aneurysm?
Authors: Mowla Ashkan , Singh Karanbir , Mehla Sandhya , Ahmed Mohammad K. , Shirani Peyman , Kamal Haris , Krishna Chandan , Sawyer Robert N. , Ching Marilou , Siddiqui Adnan H. , Levy Elad I. , Snyder Kenneth V. , Crumlish Annemarie , Hopkins L. N. 
Published: September 2015

Background Intracranial aneurysms are currently considered as contraindication for intravenous thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke, very likely due to a possible increase in the risk of bleeding from aneurysm rupture; however, there is limited data available on whether intravenous thrombolysis is safe for acute ischemic stroke patients with pre-existing intracranial aneurysms. Aims and/or hypothesis To find out the safety of intravenous thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke patients who harbor unruptured intracranial aneurysms. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and cerebrovascular images of all the patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke in our center from the beginning of 2006 till the end of April 2014. Those with unruptured intracranial aneurysm present on cerebrovascular images prior to acute reperfusion therapy were identified. Post-thrombolysis brain imaging was reviewed to evaluate for any intraparenchymal or subarachnoid hemorrhage related or unrelated to the aneurysm. Results A total of 637 patients received intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke in our center during an 8.3-year period. Thirty-three (5.2%) were found to have at least one intracranial aneurysms. Twenty-three (70%) of those received only intravenous thrombolysis, and 10 patients received combination of intravenous and intra-arterial throm-bolysis. The size of the largest aneurysm was 10 mm in maximum diameter (range: 2-10 mm). The mean size of aneurysms was 4.8 mm. No symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage occurred among the 23 patients receiving only intravenous thrombolysis. Out of those who received a combination of intravenous and intra-arterial thrombolysis, one developed symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage in the location of acute infarct, distant to the aneurysm location. Conclusion Our findings suggest that neither intravenous thrombolysis nor combination of intravenous and intra-arterial thrombolysis increases the risk of aneurysmal hemorrhage in acute ischemic stroke patients who harbor unruptured intracranial aneurysms less than 10 mm in diameter. Their listing in exclusion criteria for intravenous throm-bolysis should be reconsidered to assure appropriate use of acute reperfusion therapy in this group of patients.
A 7‐day team‐based model of care in general medicine: implementation and outcomes at 12 months
Authors: Gilfillan C. , Newnham E. , Nagappan R. , Evans J. , Compton J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundDemand for inpatient beds is increasing whilst supply is diminishing. General medical services are feeling this demand as the ageing population presents more patients with undifferentiated illness traditionally cared for by this service. Redesign efforts need to focus on improving the quality and speed of decision‐making to utilise resources efficiently.AimsThe aim of this study was to improve patient flow through general medical services by undertaking a comprehensive redesign process targeting each stage of the patient journey.MethodsWe utilised a rapid improvement event to identify waste and design a new model of care (MOC) that eliminated as much waste as possible. The model had three main elements: (i) ward‐based teams; (ii) 7‐day per week standard work; and (iii) pull systems to operate for all transfers and referrals. Here, we analyse the first 12 months of the new MOC with regard to key outcomes: length of stay, occupancy, weekend discharges, clinical incidents and Medical Emergency Team (MET) calls, emergency department length of stay and National Emergency Access Target (NEAT) performance and elective surgical throughput.ResultsThe new MOC resulted in a 0.88‐day reduction in length of stay. This resulted in reduced general medical bed occupancy of 19 beds. Weekend discharges improved by 54.6%. There were no significant increases in serious clinical incidents or MET calls. Emergency department admitted NEAT performance improved also.ConclusionRedesign of the general medicine model of care eliminating waste has resulted in a significant improvement in patient flow and reduced length of stay without compromising quality of care.
Beyond informality: effectiveness of a new actor for representing call centre workers in Turkey
Authors: Tartanoğlu Şafak 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis article explores the organisational dynamics of the ‘Association of Call Centre Workers’ and aims to discover the effectiveness and sustainability of it as a new actor for representing the interests of call centre workers in Turkey. While traditional trade unions have fundamental problems such as efficacy and representation of various worker groups in changing workplaces, in the Turkish context, they have additional difficulties based on structural and legal constraints. Call centre workers seldom utilise the formal representation channels because of these and some other individual reasons such as a lack of information about their rights and labour movements. Moving from the importance of analysing the informal worker organisational dynamics in the case of a new trade union for call centre workers, the emphasis of the research is on the ability of the Association to develop a form of resistance and representation for the previously unrepresented.
Pensions as a Form of Executive Compensation
Authors: Goh Lisa , Li Yong 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis paper investigates the role of pensions as an element of total executive compensation, and the relationship between pensions and performance‐based compensation in executive pay. Using hand‐collected data on FTSE 100 CEOs and senior executives from 2004−2011, we document that pensions function as a substitute for performance‐based compensation (primarily bonuses) in both cross‐sectional and time‐series settings. We also examine the effect of corporate governance characteristics on executive pensions. We find that corporate governance characteristics associated with stronger board monitoring play a constraining role on the magnitude of pensions. Our evidence of substitution effects between pensions and performance‐based compensation is consistent with a managerial power view of executive compensation‐setting, and the use of pensions as a ‘stealth’ element of compensation. Our findings are robust to considering different types of pensions, product market competition, and cross‐listing. Sub‐period analysis shows that pensions decrease and substitution effects weaken following the 2008 financial crisis. Moreover, we find no evidence that the use of compensation consultants with potential conflicts of interest is associated with higher pensions. Overall, our study contributes to a greater understanding of the role of pensions in executive compensation, and shows the importance of including pensions in analysis of executive compensation.
Specific binding of [18F]fluoroethyl‐harmol to monoamine oxidase A in rat brain cryostat sections, and compartmental analysis of binding in living brain
Authors: Maschauer Simone , Haller Adelina , Riss Patrick J. , Kuwert Torsten , Prante Olaf , Cumming Paul 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe investigated [18F]fluoroethyl‐harmol ([18F]FEH) as a reversible and selective ligand for positron emission tomography (PET) studies of monoamine oxidase A (MAO‐A). Binding of [18F]FEH in rat brain cryostat sections indicated high affinity (KD = 3 nM), and density (Bmax; 600 pmol/g). The plasma free fraction was 45%, and untransformed parent constituted only 13% of plasma radioactivity at 10 min after injection. Compartmental analysis of PET recordings in pargyline‐treated rats showed high permeability to brain (K1; 0.32 mL/g/min) and slow washout (k2; 0.024/min), resulting in a uniformly high equilibrium distribution volume (VD; 20 mL/g). Using this VD to estimate unbound ligand in brain of untreated rats, the binding potential ranged from 4.2 in cerebellum to 7.2 in thalamus. We also calculated maps of rats receiving [18F]FEH at a range of specific activities, and then estimated saturation binding parameters in the living brain. In thalamus, striatum and frontal cortex KD was globally close to 300 nM and Bmax was close to 1600 pmol/g; the 100‐fold discrepancy in affinity suggests a very low free fraction for [18F]FEH in the living brain. Based on a synthesis of findings, we calculate the endogenous dopamine concentration to be 0.4 μM in the striatal compartment containing MAO‐A, thus unlikely to exert competition against [18F]FEH binding in vivo. In summary, [18F]FEH has good properties for the detection of MAO‐A in the rat brain by PET, and may present logistic advantages for clinical research at centers lacking a medical cyclotron.
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We made a compartmental analysis of [18F]fluoroethylharmol ([18F]FEH) binding to monoamine oxidase A (MAO‐A) in living rat brain and estimated the saturation binding parameters from the binding potential (BPND). The Bmax was of comparable magnitude to that in vitro, but with apparent affinity (300 nM), it was 100‐fold lower in vivo. PET imaging with [18F]FEH is well suited for quantitation of MAO‐A in living brain.