bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orthogonal Dynamic Model of Viscoelastic Deformation Under Variable Concentration and Loading
Authors: Lekova Svetla , Aleksandrov Aleksander , Milenova Milena , Tzolov Tzolo 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
In the present work, a generalized mathematical model is considered for describing the process of viscoelastic deformation of poly- mer materials. The model is applied for describing the creep of poly- ethylene in the conditions of diffusion in liquid environment interacting chemically with the polymer and variable loading. The orthogonal expansions method is used and is extended for a process with integrating properties (without self-settling). In this case, it is necessary to separate the integral component, which is also presented as parameter-dependent on loading and saturation. The output experiments are executed with samples which possess reached beforehand different levels of saturation with cyclohexan and have been afterwards submitted to mechanical testing with brief creep in pure torsion at various constant levels of loading.
Subcellular Proteomics for Understanding Host Defense Peptides Mechanism of Action
Authors: López-Abarrategui Carlos , Otero-González Anselmo J. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractHost defense peptides occurring in plants, invertebrates and vertebrates, represent a primary and heterogeneous group of molecules against infectious agents which may act directly on microorganisms or exert a redirectional enhancement of the immune response to them. Such molecules are an alternative if not for substituting at least complementing the classical antibiotics in anti-infective therapies. Several mechanisms of actions have been described for the majority of host defense peptides mostly acting at level of plasma membrane but some of them interacting with intracellular targets. The elucidation of their mechanisms of action besides completing their functional characterization is important for the development of more efficient subsequent molecular variants. Proteomic analyses have been applied for identifying new host defense peptides but few of them have been described for explaining their mechanism of action. In this paper we would like to update the subject remaking the importance of organelle proteomics for such purpose.
On Certain Approximation Problem Connected with the Sums of Subseries
Authors: Wituła Roman , Kaczmarek Konrad , Hetmaniok Edyta , Słota Damian 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
In this paper a problem of approximating the real numbers by using the series of real numbers is considered. It is proven that if the given family of sequences of real numbers satisfies some conditions of set-theoretical nature, like being closed under initial subsequences and (additionally) possessing properties of adding and removing elements, then it automatically possesses some approximating properties, like, for example, reaching supremum of the set of sums of subseries.
Approximations by Darboux Functions in the Baire One Class
Authors: Menkyna Robert , Mydielka L̓ubomír 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
In the paper [Sur la premiére dérivée, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. (N.S.) 2 (1940), 17-23], Z. Zahorski designed a way of constructing the real semicontinuous functions. Throughout the present paper, it is shown that a modification of Zahorski’s approach is usefull for approximation of a Baire one function by a Darboux Baire one function.
Empreinte spatiale de la coopération agricole française. Un éclairage par l'analyse des structures de localisation
Authors: Triboulet Pierre , Peres Stéphanie , Filippi Maryline , Chantelot Sébastien 
Published: August 2013

Cet article propose de caractériser les structures de localisation des coopératives agricoles en France, en 1995 et 2005 afin de mieux comprendre les déterminants de leur organisation spatiale. Il mobilise les outils de l’analyse spatiale exploratoire pour construire une typologie cantonale des structures de localisation des coopératives. Il analyse ensuite les facteurs explicatifs de cette typologie par une modélisation de type logit multinomial. Les résultats obtenus mettent en avant l’existence de cantons à fort potentiel coopératif ainsi qu’une stabilité des schémas de localisation entre 1995 et 2005. La forte présence coopérative est associée aux grands bassins de production agricole. Elle bénéficie également de la proximité à la ville, résultat à nuancer cependant selon la taille de l’aire urbaine.
Lower Extremity Energy Absorption and Biomechanics During Landing, Part I: Sagittal-Plane Energy Absorption Analyses
Authors: Norcross Marc F. , Lewek Michael D. , Padua Darin A. , Shultz Sandra J. , Weinhold Paul S. , Blackburn J. Troy 
Published: August 2013

Context:Eccentric muscle actions of the lower extremity absorb kinetic energy during landing. Greater total sagittal-plane energy absorption (EA) during the initial impact phase (INI) of landing has been associated with landing biomechanics considered high risk for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. We do not know whether groups with different INI EA magnitudes exhibit meaningful differences in ACL-related landing biomechanics and whether INI EA might be useful to identify ACL injury-risk potential.Objective:To compare biomechanical factors associated with noncontact ACL injury among sagittal-plane INI EA groups and to determine whether an association exists between sex and sagittal-plane INI EA group assignment to evaluate the face validity of using sagittal-plane INI EA to identify ACL injury risk.Design:Descriptive laboratory study.Setting:Research laboratory.Patients or Other Participants:A total of 82 (41 men, 41 women; age = 21.0 ± 2.4 years, height = 1.74 ± 0.10 m, mass = 70.3 ± 16.1 kg) healthy, physically active individuals volunteered.Intervention(s):We assessed landing biomechanics using an electromagnetic motion-capture system and force plate during a double-legged jump-landing task.Main Outcome Measure(s):Total INI EA was used to group participants into high, moderate, and low tertiles. Sagittal- and frontal-plane knee kinematics; peak vertical and posterior ground reaction forces (GRFs); anterior tibial shear force; and internal hip extension, knee extension, and knee varus moments were identified and compared across groups using 1-way analyses of variance. We used a χ2 analysis to compare male and female representation in the high and low groups.Results:The high group exhibited greater knee-extension moment and posterior GRFs than both the moderate (P &lt; .05) and low (P &lt; .05) groups and greater anterior tibial shear force than the low group (P &lt; .05). No other group differences were noted. Women were not represented more than men in the high group (χ2 = 1.20, P = .27).Conclusions:Greater sagittal-plane INI EA likely indicates greater ACL loading, but it does not appear to influence frontal-plane biomechanics related to ACL injury. Women were not more likely than men to demonstrate greater INI EA, suggesting that quantification of sagittal-plane INI EA alone is not sufficient to infer ACL injury-risk potential.
Lower Extremity Energy Absorption and Biomechanics During Landing, Part II: Frontal-Plane Energy Analyses and Interplanar Relationships
Authors: Norcross Marc F. , Lewek Michael D. , Padua Darin A. , Shultz Sandra J. , Weinhold Paul S. , Blackburn J. Troy 
Published: August 2013

Context:
Greater sagittal-plane energy absorption (EA) during the initial impact phase (INI) of landing is consistent with sagittal-plane biomechanics that likely increase anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) loading, but it does not appear to influence frontal-plane biomechanics. We do not know whether frontal-plane INI EA is related to high-risk frontal-plane biomechanics.

Objective:
To compare biomechanics among INI EA groups, determine if women are represented more in the high group, and evaluate interplanar INI EA relationships.

Design:
Descriptive laboratory study.

Setting:
Research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:
Participants included 82 (41 men, 41 women; age = 21.0 ± 2.4 years, height = 1.74 ± 0.10 m, mass = 70.3 ± 16.1 kg) healthy, physically active volunteers.

Intervention(s):
We assessed landing biomechanics with an electromagnetic motion-capture system and force plate.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
We calculated frontal- and sagittal-plane total, hip, knee, and ankle INI EA. Total frontal-plane INI EA was used to create high, moderate, and low tertiles. Frontal-plane knee and hip kinematics, peak vertical and posterior ground reaction forces, and peak internal knee-varus moment (pKVM) were identified and compared across groups using 1-way analyses of variance. We used a χ2 analysis to evaluate male and female allocation to INI EA groups. We used simple, bivariate Pearson product moment correlations to assess interplanar INI EA relationships.

Results:
The high–INI EA group exhibited greater knee valgus at ground contact, hip adduction at pKVM, and peak hip adduction than the low–INI EA group (P &lt; .05) and greater peak knee valgus, pKVM, and knee valgus at pKVM than the moderate– (P &lt; .05) and low– (P &lt; .05) INI EA groups. Women were more likely than men to be in the high–INI EA group (χ2 = 4.909, P = .03). Sagittal-plane knee and frontal-plane hip INI EA (r = 0.301, P = .006) and sagittal-plane and frontal-plane ankle INI EA were associated (r = 0.224, P = .04). No other interplanar INI EA relationships were found (P &gt; .05).

Conclusions:
Greater frontal-plane INI EA was associated with less favorable frontal-plane biomechanics that likely result in greater ACL loading. Women were more likely than men to use greater frontal-plane INI EA. The magnitudes of sagittal- and frontal-plane INI EA were largely independent.
A new form of severe spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia: Clinical and radiological characterization
Authors: Isidor Bertrand , Geffroy Loïc , de Courtivron Benoît , Le Caignec Cédric , Thiel Christian T. , Mortier Geert , Cormier‐Daire Valérie , David Albert , Toutain Annick 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTWe report on two patients with a severe form of spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia (SEMD). Both patients show normal birth length, early postnatal growth deficiency, severe short stature, flexion contractures in the hips, bowing of the legs with genu varum. Skeletal radiographies show platyspondyly and characteristic vertebral body shape with central indentation of endplates, progressive, and severe metaphyseal changes, very small and irregular proximal femoral epiphyses with severe coxa vara, absence of calcifications, and mild metaphyseal irregularities in upper limbs.The similarities in the skeletal radiographs with SEMD type Strudwick and SEMD matrilin 3 type prompted us to analyze the COL2A1 and MATN3 genes. Direct sequencing of genomic DNA failed to identify any mutation in COL2A1 for both patients and MATN3 sequencing for Patient 1 identified only one heterozygous variant with no predicted damaging effect inherited from an unaffected parent. We therefore conclude that this form of SEMD probably differs from SEMD matrilin 3 type and does not belong to the spectrum of type II collagenopathies. The similarities between our two patients allowed us to propose that they might show a new form of SEMD. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Automated Solid‐Phase Synthesis of a β‐(1,3)‐Glucan Dodecasaccharide
Authors: Weishaupt Markus W. , Matthies Stefan , Seeberger Peter H. 
Published: August 2013

Abstractβ‐Glucans are a group of structurally heterogeneous polysaccharides found in bacteria, fungi, algae and plants. β‐(1,3)‐D‐Glucans have been studied in most detail due to their impact on the immune system of vertebrates. The studies into the immunomodulatory properties of these glucans are typically carried out with isolates that contain a heterogeneous mixture of polysaccharides of different chain lengths and varying degrees of branching. In order to determine the structure–activity relationship of β‐(1,3)‐glucans, access to homogeneous, structurally‐defined samples of these oligosaccharides that are only available through chemical synthesis is required. The syntheses of β‐glucans reported to date rely on the classical solution‐phase approach. We describe the first automated solid‐phase synthesis of a β‐glucan oligosaccharide that was made possible by innovating and optimizing the linker and glycosylating agent combination. A β‐(1,3)‐glucan dodecasaccharide was assembled in 56 h in a stereoselective fashion with an average yield of 88 % per step. This automated approach provides means for the fast and efficient assembly of linker‐functionalized mono‐ to dodecasaccharide β‐(1,3)‐glucans required for biological studies.
Pharmacokinetics of the NS3 Protease Inhibitor, Asunaprevir (ASV, BMS‐650032), in Phase I Studies in Subjects With or Without Chronic Hepatitis C
Authors: Eley Timothy , He Bing , Huang Shu‐Pang , Li Wenying , Pasquinelli Claudio , Rodrigues A. David , Grasela Dennis M. , Bertz Richard J. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAsunaprevir (BMS‐650032, ASV) is a potent, selective hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3 protease inhibitor in clinical evaluation for chronic hepatitis C treatment. ASV pharmacokinetics were evaluated in four single‐ and multiple‐ascending‐dose studies in healthy subjects or subjects with HCV genotype 1 infection and in human mass balance and food‐effect studies. Median Tmax was 2–4 hours. Although T½ was 14–23 hours, oral clearance was high (302–668 L/h at doses ≥100 mg). Steady state was achieved by Day 7. The ASV dose–exposure relationship was disproportionate at doses <200 mg but largely proportional for Cmax and AUC at clinically relevant doses of 200–600 mg (capsule). Following multiple doses, the accumulation index for AUC[TAU] and Cmin was lower at doses ≥200 mg, suggestive of possible auto‐induction. ASV exposure increased when administered as a solution (vs. suspension) or with a high‐fat meal; the effect was greater for Cmax than AUC, suggesting a saturable first‐pass process, the mechanism of which remains to be defined. The apparent complexities of ASV pharmacokinetics will be further explored; nevertheless, data from these studies and antiviral activity in phase 2a/2b studies support further development. Clinical studies are ongoing with ASV in combination with other antivirals.
A Multiclass Likelihood Ratio Approach for Genetic Risk Prediction Allowing for Phenotypic Heterogeneity
Authors: Wen Yalu , Lu Qing 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThe translation of human genome discoveries into health practice is one of the major challenges in the coming decades. The use of emerging genetic knowledge for early disease prediction, prevention, and pharmacogenetics will advance genome medicine and lead to more effective prevention/treatment strategies. For this reason, studies to assess the combined role of genetic and environmental discoveries in early disease prediction represent high priority research projects, as manifested in the multiple risk prediction studies now underway. However, the risk prediction models formed to date lack sufficient accuracy for clinical use. Converging evidence suggests that diseases with the same or similar clinical manifestations could have different pathophysiological and etiological processes. When heterogeneous subphenotypes are treated as a single entity, the effect size of predictors can be reduced substantially, leading to a low‐accuracy risk prediction model. The use of more refined subphenotypes facilitates the identification of new predictors and leads to improved risk prediction models. To account for the phenotypic heterogeneity, we have developed a multiclass likelihood‐ratio approach, which simultaneously determines the optimum number of subphenotype groups and builds a risk prediction model for each group. Simulation results demonstrated that the new approach had more accurate and robust performance than existing approaches under various underlying disease models. The empirical study of type II diabetes (T2D) by using data from theGenes and Environment Initiativessuggested heterogeneous etiology underlying obese and nonobese T2D patients. Considering phenotypic heterogeneity in the analysis leads to improved risk prediction models for both obese and nonobese T2D subjects.
A Shrinkage Method for Testing the Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium in Case‐Control Studies
Authors: Zang Yong , Yuan Ying 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTTesting for the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) is often used as an initial step for checking the quality of genotyping. When testing the HWE for case‐control data, the impact of a potential genetic association between the marker and the disease must be controlled for otherwise the results may be biased. Li and Li [2008] proposed a likelihood ratio test (LRT) that accounts for this potential genetic association and it is more powerful than the commonly used control‐only χ2 test. However, the LRT is not efficient when the marker is independent of the disease, and also requires numerical optimization to calculate the test statistic. In this article, we propose a novel shrinkage test for assessing the HWE. The proposed shrinkage test yields higher statistical power than the LRT when the marker is independent of or weakly associated with the disease, and converges to the LRT when the marker is strongly associated with the disease. In addition, the proposed shrinkage test has a closed form and can be easily used to test the HWE for large datasets that result from genome‐wide association studies. We compare the performance of the shrinkage test with existing methods using simulation studies, and apply the shrinkage test to a genome‐wide association dataset for Alzheimer's disease.
EINVis: A Visualization Tool for Analyzing and Exploring Genetic Interactions in Large‐Scale Association Studies
Authors: Wu Yubao , Zhu Xiaofeng , Chen Jian , Zhang Xiang 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTEpistasis (gene‐gene interaction) detection in large‐scale genetic association studies has recently drawn extensive research interests as many complex traits are likely caused by the joint effect of multiple genetic factors. The large number of possible interactions poses both statistical and computational challenges. A variety of approaches have been developed to address the analytical challenges in epistatic interaction detection. These methods usually output the identified genetic interactions and store them in flat file formats. It is highly desirable to develop an effective visualization tool to further investigate the detected interactions and unravel hidden interaction patterns. We have developed EINVis, a novel visualization tool that is specifically designed to analyze and explore genetic interactions. EINVis displays interactions among genetic markers as a network. It utilizes a circular layout (specially, a tree ring view) to simultaneously visualize the hierarchical interactions between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), genes, and chromosomes, and the network structure formed by these interactions. Using EINVis, the user can distinguish marginal effects from interactions, track interactions involving more than two markers, visualize interactions at different levels, and detect proxy SNPs based on linkage disequilibrium. EINVis is an effective and user‐friendly free visualization tool for analyzing and exploring genetic interactions. It is publicly available with detailed documentation and online tutorial on the web at http://filer.case.edu/yxw407/einvis/.
Intrinsic versus extrinsic seismic anisotropy: The radial anisotropy in reference Earth models
Authors: Wang Nian , Montagner Jean‐Paul , Fichtner Andreas , Capdeville Yann 
Published: August 2013

AbstractSeismic anisotropy usually arises from different mechanisms, which include lattice or crystallographic preferred orientation (LPO, CPO), alignment of cracks with or without fluid inclusions, fine layering, or partial melting. This makes the interpretation of anisotropy in terms of “intrinsic” (produced by LPO, CPO) versus “extrinsic” (produced by other mechanisms) properties difficult and nonunique. The radial anisotropy in the one‐dimensional, global spherically symmetric reference Earth is usually claimed to be intrinsic. Here we explore whether the radial anisotropy in one‐dimensional reference Earth models including preliminary reference Earth model (PREM) and the constrained reference Earth model ACY400 contains extrinsic anisotropy, especially in relation to fine layering. We conclude that as well as intrinsic anisotropy, extrinsic anisotropy introduced by finely layered models, can be considered to explain the lithospheric anisotropy in PREM, but cannot explain alone its asthenospheric anisotropy. We also find that radial anisotropy in model ACY400 is mainly intrinsic due to its petrological constraints.
Piecewise prediction model for watershed‐scale erosion and sediment yield of individual rainfall events on the Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Guo‐Qiang Yu , Mao‐Sheng Zhang , Zhan‐Bin Li , Peng Li , Xia Zhang , Sheng‐Dong Cheng 
Published: August 2013

AbstractEstablishing a universal watershed‐scale erosion and sediment yield prediction model represents a frontier field in erosion and soil/water conservation. The research presented here was conducted on the Chabagou watershed, which is located in the first sub‐region of the hill‐gully area of the Loess Plateau, China. A back‐propagation artificial neural model for watershed‐scale erosion and sediment yield was established, with the accuracy of the model, then compared with that of multiple linear regression. The sensitivity degree of various factors to erosion and sediment yield was quantitatively analysed using the default factor test. On the basis of the sensitive factors and the fractal information dimension, the piecewise prediction model for erosion and sediment yield of individual rainfall events was established and further verified. The results revealed the back‐propagation artificial neural network model to perform better than the multiple linear regression model in terms of predicting the erosion modulus, with the former able to effectively characterize dynamic changes in sediment yield under comprehensive factor conditions. The sensitivity of runoff erosion power and runoff depth to the erosion and sediment yield associated with individual rainfall events was found to be related to the complexity of surface topography. The characteristics of such a hydrological response are thus closely related to topography. When the fractal information dimension is greater than the topographic threshold, the accuracy of prediction using runoff erosion power is higher than that of using runoff depth. In contrast, when the fractal information dimension is smaller than the topographic threshold, the accuracy of prediction using runoff depth is higher than that of using runoff erosion power. The developed piecewise prediction model for watershed‐scale erosion and sediment yield of individual rainfall events, which introduces runoff erosion power and runoff depth using the fractal information dimension as a boundary, can be considered feasible and reliable and has a high prediction accuracy. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.