bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Traité de bioéthique
Authors: Vinant Pascale 
Published: November 2014

Résumé	L’identification d’un pronostic de fin de vie par les équipes médicales est l’étape indispensable pour améliorer les pratiques : éviter l’obstination déraisonnable et favoriser le confort et la qualité de vie. Se pose alors la question de la transmission au patient de cette information difficilement intégrable, et de l’équilibre à trouver entre préserver l’espoir et anticiper l’avenir pour des conditions de fin de vie acceptables. Cette situation éprouvante pour tous s’inscrit dans une modification de la relation de soin qui abandonne le paternalisme au profit d’un renforcement de l’autonomie du patient, interrogeant cette notion dans le contexte de la fin de vie. La prise de conscience des risques et des paradoxes permet de chercher collectivement les ajustements nécessaires pour concilier le moins mal possible des impératifs souvent contradictoires.
Traité de bioéthique
Authors: Pourchet Sylvain 
Published: November 2014

Résumé	La médicalisation de la fin de vie intervient alors que la notion de santé, donc de champ d’intervention supposé de la médecine, est plus imprécise. Sans rupture logique, le glissement des promesses du champ du guérir vers le champ du confort procède d’un certain refus de voir qu’aux limites de la vie correspondent, aussi, des limites du faisable et du souhaitable. Envisager la mort comme une option peut apparaître comme la moins mauvaise des solutions dans certaines des circonstances rencontrées en soins palliatifs.
Les Trois mélodies pour le violoncelle avec accompagnement d'orgue expressif dédiées au Marquis de Corberon par Alexandre-Pierre-François Boëly
Authors: Gétreau Florence , Sarre Nicolas 
Published: November 2014

Nous avons retrouvé le manuscrit autographe et inédit de ces Trois mélodies pour le violoncelle avec accompagnement d’orgue expressif dédiées au Marquis de Corberon dans le matériel d’orchestre de la Société de Musique d’Autrefois (musée de la Musique). Nicolas Sarre retrace ici la biographie complète du dédicataire, le marquis Daniel-Jean-Charles Bourrée de Corberon (1780-1868), amateur fort en vue dont le précieux violoncelle de Stradivari est conservé à la Royal Academy of Music. Nous proposons ensuite d’identifier le modèle d’orgue expressif qui fut probablement utilisé par cet amateur durant ces décennies où les instruments expressifs font l’objet de nombreux brevets. Enfin nous montrons comment ces trois mélodies sont des « auto-transcriptions » de trois œuvres antérieures de Boëly écrites pour orgue d’église. Elles trouvent ici une nouvelle vocation dans le contexte d’une musique de salon pleine de sensibilité et de charme.
Laser-Assisted Mini-capsulotomy: A New Technique for Intumescent White Cataracts
Authors: Schultz Tim , Dick H. Burkhard 
Published: November 2014

PURPOSE:
To describe a new two-step femtosecond laser-assisted technique for intumescent white cataracts.

METHODS:
In 6 eyes with intumescent white cataracts, a laser-assisted mini-capsulotomy was performed first to release the intralenticular pressure. In the next step, the fluid milky lens material was removed from the anterior chamber before the eyes were re-docked to the laser system and a second larger anterior capsulotomy (4.5-mm diameter) was performed. Finally, the cataractous lens material was removed followed by intraocular lens implantation in the capsular bag.

RESULTS:
In all cases, the laser system was able to identify and cut the anterior capsule without complications. Small residual tissue bridges were recognized after laser-assisted mini-capsulotomy in 2 eyes and solved with the dimple-down maneuver. The second, larger capsulotomy demonstrated satisfactory quality and a 360° overlap on the intraocular lens’ optic was achieved in all cases.

CONCLUSIONS:
This novel technique for intumescent white cataracts using a two-step laser-assisted mini-capsulotomy has the potential to avoid complications.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2014;30(11):742–745.]
Enterococcal-related vertebral osteoarthritis in South African broiler breeders: A case report
Authors: Aitchison Henry , Poolman Petrus , Coetzer Marilette , Griffiths Caron , Jacobs Johan , Meyer Mignon , Bisschop Shahn 
Published: November 2014

Infections in broilers and broiler breeders by Enterococcus cecorum, causing clinical disease, have increasingly been described in various countries in the Northern Hemisphere over the past decade. This case report describes an outbreak of enterococcal-associated vertebral osteoarthritis (EVOA) in male broiler breeders in several flocks in South Africa. Male birds aged 4 and 9 weeks displayed the common presentation of lameness, paresis or complete paralysis. Autopsies of culled birds revealed masses on caudal thoracic vertebrae T5–T7, with vertebral osteomyelitis and spondylitis. Microbiological assays identified E. cecorum cultured from spondylitic lesions. Affected flocks were treated with amoxycillin at 25 mg/kg in the drinking water for 5 days, resulting in decreased numbers of lame birds and culls. The origin and pathogenesis of EVOA are poorly understood, which limits prevention to environmental factors that may inhibit systemic access by the enteric bacteria. Skeletal growth trends of male birds are thought to increase their susceptibility to bacterial colonisation at sites of skeletal strain, resulting in abscesses and lesions. Evidence points to the emergence of E. cecorum strains with increased pathogenicity; this highlights the need for greater understanding of the origins, treatment and prevention of EVOA to minimise its economic impact on poultry operations.
Relationscapes: How Contemporary Aboriginal Art Moves Beyond the Map
Authors: Manning Erin 
Published: November 2014

This article discusses landscape art of Australian Aboriginal landscape paintings since the 1970s, particualry that of Emily Kngwarreye, Dorothy Napangardi, Kathleen Petyarre and Clifford Possum. The author explores how modern materials and techniques are used to convey traditional stories, topographies and cosmologies, using Deleuzian analysis.
Seeing Things: Image and Affect
Authors: Angel Maria 
Published: November 2014

In the age of digital media how might we speak about images of torture, and how might we regard the pain of others? Using the examples of a short film by Alejandra Canales which recounts the experience of torture, and the Abu Ghraib photographs, this article seeks to repose the question of the function of the image and its relationship to epistemology. How do we know what we see? And how might we rethink the orthodox function of the image in the age of digital technology? In attempting to answer these questions, I argue that the production of virtual experience is a capacity of the human body, and that image making, like all genres of communication, is a practice in virtual community.
Arcane Erotica and National ‘Patrimony’: Britain’s Private Case and the Collection de l’Enfer of the Bibliothèque Nationale de France
Authors: Moore Alison 
Published: November 2014

This article considers the broad politics of the creation and maintenance of two large erotica collections in European national libraries across their histories and in relation to definitions of censorship and obscenity. It also examines the popular and intellectual discourses that have surrounded the Collection de l’Enfer and the Private Case of the British Library, and imbued them with a particular cultural mystique as repositories of secret, hidden and privileged erotic knowledge. Censorship and repression of sexuality cannot account for the policies of these libraries which have policed public morals through their restricted access conditions, even as the works they deemed obscene were published without any legal sanction. By classing their contents into a discreet category, these collections have helped to frame erotic signification as a separate body of meaning. In France the notion of the Enfer’s place within national patrimony has particularly abetted the discourses of mystique and allure around it. In Britain, the bibliographers who have discussed the Private Case have done so through assumptions of masculine heterosexual privilege and normativity.
Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Cirsium leucopsis, C. sipyleum, and C. eriophorum
Authors: Boğa Mehmet , Yılmaz Pelin Köseoğlu , Cebe Deniz Barıș , Fatima Mashhad , Siddiqui Bina S. , Kolak Ufuk 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Two endemic Cirsium species, C. leucopsis DC. and C. sipyleum O. Schwarz, and C. eriophorum (L.) Scop. growing in Turkey were investigated to establish their secondary metabolites, fatty acid compositions, and antioxidant and anticholinesterase potentials. Spectroscopic methods were used to elucidate the structures of thirteen known compounds (p-hydroxy-benzoic acid, vanillic acid, cisepoxyconiferyl alcohol, syringin, balanophonin, 1′-O-methyl-balanophonin, apigenin, kaempferol-3- O-β-D-glucopyranoside, kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, taraxasterol, taraxasterol acetate, β-sitosterol, β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside). cis-Epoxyconiferyl alcohol and 1′-O-methylbalanophonin were isolated for the first time from Cirsium species. Palmitic acid (47:1%) was found to be the main fatty acid of C. leucopsis, linoleic acid in both C. sipyleum (42:1%) and C. eriophorum (37:8%). Assays of b-carotene bleaching, scavenging of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals, 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium (ABTS) cation radicals, and superoxide anion radicals, as well as cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) were used to determine the antioxidant activities of the extracts and isolated compounds. Vanillic acid, balanophonin, and kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside exhibited strong antioxidant activity. Taraxasterol was a potent inhibitor of acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase activity, respectively.
Reassembling Gondwana: A new high quality constraint from vibroseis exploration of the sub‐ice shelf geology of the East Antarctic continental margin
Authors: Kristoffersen Yngve , Hofstede Coen , Diez Anja , Blenkner Richard , Lambrecht Astrid , Mayer Christoph , Eisen Olaf 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe breakup of Gondwana is manifested by coeval early Jurassic Karoo magmatism in South Africa and East Antarctica. In South Africa, the large volumes of volcanic rocks of the adjoining Lebombo and Mwenetzi‐Save monoclines represent a volcanic rift margin, and in East Antarctica, a corresponding feature, the Explora Wedge is buried below sediments and floating ice shelves on the continental margin of Dronning Maud Land. We use the seismic vibrator source to explore the sub‐ice geology in Antarctica, and the new seismic reflection and available regional aeromagnetic data enable us to outline a dogleg landward extent of the Explora Wedge in Dronning Maud Land. The congruent inboard wedge geometries on the two continents define a high quality constraint, which facilitate for the first time, a geologically consistent and tight reconstruction of Africa relative to East Antarctica within Gondwana. The uncertainties in correlations of major geological features (mobile belts) from one continent to the other may now be of the order of ten's of kilometers rather than hundreds of kilometers.
Mutual exacerbation of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ coactivator 1α deregulation and α‐synuclein oligomerization
Authors: Eschbach Judith , von Einem Björn , Müller Kathrin , Bayer Hanna , Scheffold Annika , Morrison Bradley E. , Rudolph K. Lenhard , Thal Dietmar R. , Witting Anke , Weydt Patrick , Otto Markus , Fauler Michael , Liss Birgit , McLean Pamela J. , Spada Albert R. La , Ludolph Albert C. , Weishaupt Jochen H. , Danzer Karin M. 
Published: November 2014

ObjectiveAggregation of α‐synuclein (α‐syn) and α‐syn cytotoxicity are hallmarks of sporadic and familial Parkinson disease (PD), with accumulating evidence that prefibrillar oligomers and protofibrils are the pathogenic species in PD and related synucleinopathies. Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC‐1α), a key regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and cellular energy metabolism, has recently been associated with the pathophysiology of PD. Despite extensive effort on studying the function of PGC‐1α in mitochondria, no studies have addressed whether PGC‐1α directly influences oligomerization of α‐syn or whether α‐syn oligomers impact PGC‐1α expression.Materials and MethodsWe tested whether pharmacological or genetic activation of PGC‐1α or PGC‐11α knockdown could modulate the oligomerization of α‐syn in vitro by using an α‐syn ‐fragment complementation assay.ResultsIn this study, we found that both PGC‐1α reference gene (RG‐PGC‐1α) and the central nervous system (CNS)‐specific PGC‐1α (CNS‐PGC‐1α) are downregulated in human PD brain, in A30P α‐syn transgenic animals, and in a cell culture model for α‐syn oligomerization. Importantly, downregulation of both RG‐PGC‐1α and CNS‐PGC‐1α in cell culture or neurons from RG‐PGC‐1α–deficient mice leads to a strong induction of α‐syn oligomerization and toxicity. In contrast, pharmacological activation or genetic overexpression of RG‐PGC‐1α reduced α‐syn oligomerization and rescued α‐syn–mediated toxicity.InterpretationBased on our results, we propose that PGC‐1α downregulation and α‐syn oligomerization form a vicious circle, thereby influencing and/or potentiating each other. Our data indicate that restoration of PGC‐1α is a promising approach for development of effective drugs for the treatment of PD and related synucleinopathies. ANN NEUROL 2015;77:15–32
A storm of fast (40–150Hz) oscillations during hypsarrhythmia in West syndrome
Authors: Kobayashi Katsuhiro , Akiyama Tomoyuki , Oka Makio , Endoh Fumika , Yoshinaga Harumi 
Published: November 2014

ObjectiveFast oscillations (FOs) were first explored from scalp electroencephalographic (EEG) data from hypsarrhythmia in West syndrome (infantile spasms) to investigate the meaning of FOs in this epileptic encephalopathy.MethodsIn 17 infants with West syndrome, we conservatively detected fast frequency peaks that stood out from the time‐frequency spectral background with square root power > 1µV (spectral criterion) and corresponded to clear FOs with at least 4 oscillations in the filtered EEG traces (waveform criterion) in sleep EEGs.ResultsWe found a total of 1,519 interictal FOs that fulfilled both the spectral and waveform criteria. The FOs with a median frequency of 56.6Hz (range = 41.0–140.6Hz) were dense, with a median rate of 66 (range = 24–171) per minute before adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) treatment, which was significantly higher than that in control infants without seizures (median = 1, p < 0.001). The FOs were reduced by treatment. The mean gamma and ripple oscillation rates that were detected using the waveform criterion alone were 40.62/min and 15.75/min, respectively, per channel; these results were 112.8 and 98.4 times higher, respectively, than the previously reported corresponding rates in adult epilepsy patients.InterpretationThe observed FOs corresponded to epileptogenicity because of their close relation to the severity of hypsarrhythmia during the course of ACTH treatment. The very high epileptic FO rates in hypsarrhythmia are thought to affect the process of neurodevelopment by interfering with physiological functions in West syndrome, taking into account that high frequencies are also important in physiological higher brain functions. ANN NEUROL 2015;77:58–67
Durability and performance of polystyrene‐b‐poly(vinylbenzyl trimethylammonium) diblock copolymer and equivalent blend anion exchange membranes
Authors: Vandiver Melissa A. , Caire Benjamin R. , Poskin Zach , Li Yifan , Seifert Sönke , Knauss Daniel M. , Herring Andrew M. , Liberatore Matthew W. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTAnion exchange membranes (AEM) are solid polymer electrolytes that facilitate ion transport in fuel cells. In this study, a polystyrene‐b‐poly(vinylbenzyl trimethylammonium) diblock copolymer was evaluated as potential AEM and compared with the equivalent homopolymer blend. The diblock had a 92% conversion of reactive sites with an IEC of 1.72 ± 0.05 mmol g−1, while the blend had a 43% conversion for an IEC of 0.80 ± 0.03 mmol g−1. At 50°C and 95% relative humidity, the chloride conductivity of the diblock was higher, 24–33 mS cm−1, compared with the blend, 1–6 mS cm−1. The diblock displayed phase separation on the length scale of 100 nm, while the blend displayed microphase separation (∼10 μm). Mechanical characterization of films from 40 to 90 microns thick found that elasticity and elongation decreased with the addition of cations to the films. At humidified conditions, water acted as a plasticizer to increase film elasticity and elongation. While the polystyrene‐based diblock displayed sufficient ionic conductivity, the films' mechanical properties require improvement, i.e., greater elasticity and strength, before use in fuel cells. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41596.
Effect of consanguinity on birth defects in Saudi women: Results from a nested case‐control study
Authors: Majeed‐Saidan Muhammad Ali , Ammari Amer N. , AlHashem Amal M. , Al Rakaf Maha S. , Shoukri Mohamed M. , Garne Ester , Kurdi Ahmed Mohammed 
Published: November 2014

BackgroundThe role of consanguinity in the etiology of structural birth defects outside of chromosomal and inherited disorders has always been debated. We studied the independent role of consanguinity on birth defects in Saudi women with a high prevalence of consanguineous marriages.MethodsThis case and control study was nested within a 3‐year prospective cohort study to examine patterns of fetal and neonatal malformations in Saudi women at Prince Sultan Military Medical City (PSMMC), Riyadh ‐Saudi Arabia. Consanguineous marriages were defined as marriages with first or second cousins (related); unions beyond second cousins (distant relatives) were considered unrelated for this study.ResultsDuring the 3‐year study (July 2010 through June 2013), there were 28,646 total births; of these, we included 1,179 babies with major birth defects, and 1,262 babies as their controls. The consanguinity prevalence for all included women was 49.6%. The consanguinity among babies with major Birth Defects (BDs) was 54.5% and 45.2% for controls (P < 0.0002). The prevalence of major birth defects was 41.1 per 1000 total births. Univariate analysis showed that consanguinity had a statistically significant contribution in babies born with genetic syndromes, isolated renal defects, and isolated other defects (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that consanguinity was an independent risk factor for this high prevalence of birth defects in the study population (P < 0.0002).ConclusionThe prevalence of major birth defects in the study population is higher than what is reported from European countries. Consanguinity is a significant independent risk factor for the high prevalence of birth defects. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 103:100–104, 2015 © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of a buried ion pair in the hydrophobic core of a protein: An insight from constant pH molecular dynamics study
Authors: Pathak Arup K. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTConstant pH molecular dynamics (CpHMD) is a commonly used sampling method, which incorporates the coupling of conformational flexibility and protonation state of a protein during the simulation by using pH as an external parameter. The effects on the structure and stability of a hyperstable variant of staphylococcal nuclease (Δ+PHS) protein of an artificial charge pair buried in its hydrophobic core are investigated by applying both CpHMD and accelerated molecular dynamics coupled with constant pH (CpHaMD) methods. Generalized Born electrostatics is used to model the solvent water. Two sets of starting coordinates of V23E/L36K variant of Δ+PHS, namely, Maestro generated coordinates from Δ+PHS and crystal structure coordinates of the same are considered for detail investigations. On the basis of root mean square displacement (RMSD) and root mean square fluctuations (RMSF) calculations, it is observed that this variant is stable over a wide range of pH. The calculated pKa values for aspartate and glutamate residues based on both CpHMD and CpHaMD simulations are consistent with the reported experimental values (within ± 0.5 to ± 1.5 pH unit), which clearly indicates that the local chemical environment of the carboxylic acids in V23E/L36K variant are comparable to the parent form. The strong salt bridge interaction between the mutated pair, E23/K36 and additional hydrogen bonds formed in the V23E/L36K variant, may help to compensate for the unfavorable self‐energy experienced by the burial of these residues in the hydrophobic core. However, from RMSD, RMSF, and pKa analysis, no significant change in the global conformation of V23E/L36K variant with respect to the parent form, Δ+PHS is noticed. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 103: 148–157, 2015.
Biophysical properties and thermal stability of oligonucleotides of RNA containing 7,8‐dihydro‐8‐hydroxyadenosine
Authors: Chauca‐Diaz Ana M. , Jung Choi Yu , Resendiz Marino J. E. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTCircular dichroism (CD) was used to assess the stabilization/destabilization imposed by oxidative lesion 7,8‐dihydro‐8‐hydroxyadenosine (8‐oxoA) on strands of RNA with different structural motifs. RNA:RNA homoduplex destabilization was observed in a position dependent manner using 10‐mers as models that displayed differences between 12.7 and 15.1°C. We found that increasing the number of modifications resulted in depressed Tm values of about 12–15°C per lesion. The same effect was observed on RNA:DNA heteroduplex samples. We also tested the effects of this lesion in short hairpins containing the tetraloop UUCX (X = A, 8‐oxoA). We found that the stem was hypersensitive to substitution of A by 8‐oxoA and that it destabilized the structure by >23°C. Concomitant substitution at the stem and loop prevented formation of this secondary structure or lead to other less‐stable hairpins. Incorporation of this lesion at the first base of the loop had no effect on either structure. Overall, we found that the effects of 8‐oxoA on RNA structure are position dependent and that its stabilization may vary from sharp decreases to small increments, in some cases, leading to the formation of other more/less stable structures. These structural changes may have larger biological implications, particularly if the oxidatively modified RNA persists, thus leading to changes in RNA reactivity and function. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 103: 167–174, 2015.
Helical screw‐sense preferences of peptides based on chiral, Cα‐tetrasubstituted α‐amino acids
Authors: Crisma Marco , Toniolo Claudio 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTThe preferred helical screw senses of chiral α‐amino acids with a Cα‐tetrasubstituted α‐carbon atom, as determined in the crystal state by X‐ray diffraction analyses on derivatives and peptides, are reviewed. This survey covers Cα‐methylated and Cα‐ethylated α‐amino acids, as well as α‐amino acids cyclized on the α‐carbon, including those characterized by the combination of lack of chirality at the α‐carbon with either side‐chain or axial chirality. Although, in general, chiral Cα‐tetrasubstituted α‐amino acids show a less pronounced bias toward a single helical screw sense than their proteinogenic (Cα‐trisubstituted) counterparts, our analysis highlights significant differences in terms of magnitude and direction of such a bias among the various sub‐families of residues, and between individual amino acids within each sub‐family as well. The experimental findings can be rationalized, at least in part, on the basis of steric considerations. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 104: 46–64, 2015.