bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recurrent breeding method enhances the level of blackspot (Didymella pinodes (Berk. & Blox.) Vestergr.) resistance in field pea (Pisum sativum L.) in southern Australia
Authors: Adhikari Kedar N. , Khan Tanveer N. , Stefanova Katia , Pritchard Ian 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBlackspot, caused by Didymella pinodes (Berk. & Blox.)Vestergr., is one of the most important diseases of field pea, causing significant reduction in seed yield and quality in southern Australia and in other parts of the world. Development of resistant germplasm has been slow because of the low level of resistance found in the available germplasm, poor reliability of screening methods and the polygenic nature of inheritance. Crosses were made between agronomically suitable lines and resistant germplasm from different sources. Their progeny were advanced through the single seed descent method and single plants were selected at F4/F5. The F4/F5 derived lines were screened against blackspot in the field under disease pressure and evaluated for grain yield at multilocations over 2 years. Despite the low level of resistance in the parental germplasm, the level of resistance has increased significantly in the new germplasm. Many of the resistant lines were late and low yielding, but lines with higher resistance and early flowering and high yield potential were also identified indicating that the disease resistance, adaptation and yield potential can be combined. However, the resistance identified in this study is only partial and suitable agronomic practices may need to be supplemented to minimise the yield loss and enhance the benefits of this partial resistance.
Masking of a first target in the attentional blink attenuates the P3 to the first target and delays the P3 to the second target
Authors: Brisson Benoit , Bourassa Marie‐Ève 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe attentional blink (AB) refers to the decline in report accuracy of a second target (T2) when presented shortly after a first target (T1) in a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of distractors. It is known that masking T1 increases the magnitude of the AB, and masking a single target (equivalent to T1) in a RSVP stream attenuates the P3 to the target in correct trials. The major purpose of the present study was to clarify how these two effects may be integrated. An intervening distractor was presented at lag 1 (T1+1), at lag 2 (T1+2), or at neither of these two lags (no distractor). T2 was always presented at lag 3, as the last item in the stream. The P3 to T1 was attenuated and the P3 to T2 delayed in the T1+1 condition compared to the two other distractor conditions. These results clearly show that masking T1 attenuates the P3 to T1 and delays the P3 to T2 in the AB. Implications for extant theories of the AB are discussed.
Humor and Social Movements
Authors: Kutz‐Flamenbaum Rachel V. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAt first glance, humor and politics may appear oppositional. Politics is often understood as serious, important, and grave, while humor is perceived as lighthearted and frivolous. Beneath the surface, however, it is evident that humor and politics are actually inextricably linked and have been throughout political history. This paper interrogates the tensions between humor and seriousness, importance and frivolity, and legitimate and dismissible to examine the manifestations of humor in social movement protest. I discuss how humor is used as a communicative and emotional strategy for social movement activists and organizations and focus on two constellations of movement humor: humor directed outside the group in the forms of tactics and frames, which I term external humor, and the role of humor in leadership, collective identity, and emotional labor, termed internal humor. To illustrate the role of humor in protest, I integrate examples from scholarly research, media depictions, and participant observation data to provide examples of how humor is manifest as an external tactic, social movement frame, and its potential role in strengthening ties to leadership and collective identity. The essay concludes by highlighting some potential paths for future study about the relationship between humor, ideology, identity, and power.
Recombinant blood group proteins facilitate the detection of alloantibodies to high‐prevalence antigens and reveal underlying antibodies: results of an international study
Authors: Seltsam Axel , Wagner Franz , Lambert Mark , Bullock Tom , Thornton Nicole , Scharberg Erwin A. , Grueger Daniela , Schneeweiss Clemens , Blasczyk Rainer 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundAlloantibodies to high‐prevalence red blood cell (RBC) antigens are not easily identified by routine serologic techniques. This multicenter study was conducted to test the effectiveness of recombinant blood group proteins (rBGPs) at regional and international RBC reference laboratories.Study Design and MethodsSingle or mixed soluble rBGPs (Lu, Yt, Kn, JMH, Sc, Rg, Ch, Do, and Cr) were assessed for their ability to inhibit the reactivity of antibodies to specific antigens. Initially, the effect of rBGPs was validated by testing panels of well‐characterized patient serum samples containing antibodies to high‐prevalence antigens in the hemagglutination inhibition assay. Subsequently, the rBGPs were prospectively used for routine antibody identification and the results were compared to those obtained with RBC‐based diagnostics.ResultsPanels of predefined antibodies to high‐prevalence antigens were completely and specifically neutralized by the corresponding rBGP specificities. For prospective identification, antibodies to high‐prevalence antigens (n = 62) were specifically inhibited by the corresponding rBGP specificities except for some Complement Receptor 1–related antibodies, which may be directed to epitopes not expressed on the truncated recombinant Kn. In 14 cases, additional clinically relevant alloantibodies were identified. In cross‐matching, the rBGPs were successfully used to inhibit the reactivity of clinically irrelevant antibodies to high‐prevalence antigens to determine compatibility between donor and recipient.ConclusionrBGPs enable the identification of antibodies to high‐prevalence antigens without the need for rare RBC reagents, which are often unavailable. Underlying antibodies can be reliably detected and cross‐matching results validated, resulting in a more efficient blood supply for immunized patients.
A retinoscopic survey of 333 horses and ponies in the UK
Authors: Bracun Albert , Ellis Andrea D. , Hall Carol 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIntroductionOphthalmic examination in the horse is generally limited to crude assessment of vision and screening for ocular lesions. The refractive state of equine eyes and the potential impact on vision and performance requires further investigation.ObjectiveTo assess the refractive state of a large, mixed‐breed sample of horses and ponies in the United Kingdom (UK).ProcedureThe refractive state of both eyes of 333 horses and ponies was determined by streak retinoscopy, and the effect of age, height, gender, breed and management regime on the refractive state assessed.ResultsEmmetropia was found in 557 of 666 (83.63%) of eyes; 228/333 (68.5%) of the horses/ponies were emmetropic in both eyes. Refractive errors of greater than 1.50 D (in either direction) were found in 2.7% of the eyes tested. Ametropic eyes included hyperopia (54%) and myopia (46%). Anisometropia was found in 30.3% of horses and ponies. Breed of horse/pony was the only factor that affected refractive state (in the left eye only, P < 0.05) with Thoroughbred crosses having a tendency toward myopia and Warmbloods/Shires toward hyperopia.Discussion and ConclusionThe retinoscopic survey found emmetropia to be the predominant refractive state of the equine eye with no evidence of an overall trend toward myopia or hyperopia. However, individual and breed‐related differences were found. Such factors should be considered in the selection of horses for sport and leisure, and when evaluating their performance potential. More comprehensive visual testing would be valuable in identifying underlying causes of behavioral problems.
Efficacy ofCOX‐2 inhibitors in controlling inflammation and capsular opacification after phacoemulsification cataract removal
Authors: Brookshire Heather L. , English Robert V. , Nadelstein Bradley , Weigt Anne K. , Gift Barrett W. , Gilger Brian C. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of 0.9% bromfenac (Xibrom™) or a celecoxib‐impregnated intraocular lens (celecoxib‐IOL) compared with 1% prednisolone acetate (PA) in controlling postoperative inflammation and posterior capsule opacification (PCO).Animal studiedFifty‐nine dogs undergoing cataract extraction by phacoemulsification.ProcedureBilateral patients received bromfenac or celecoxib‐IOLplusPAin one eye, andPAin the contralateral eye. Unilateral patients received bromfenac orPA. Complete ophthalmic examination including tonometry, slit‐lamp grading of flare andPCO, and digital image acquisition for maskedPCOevaluation was performed within 24 h and 1, 4, 12, 24, and 56 weeks following surgery.ResultsCelecoxib‐IOL/PA‐treated eyes had significantly less flare thanPA‐treated eyes, which had significantly less flare than bromfenac‐treated eyes 24 h postoperatively. There was no significant difference in intraocular pressure (IOP) postoperatively, or at 1, 24, or 56 weeks. Celecoxib‐IOL/PA‐treated eyes had significantly lowerIOPmeasurements than bromfenac andPA‐treated eyes at 4 and 12 weeks. There was no significant difference inPCOlevel between groups using slit‐lamp biomicroscopy at any time point. Masked evaluation of digital images revealed significantly lessPCOin celecoxib‐IOL/PA‐ vs. bromfenac‐treated eyes at 4 weeks, and in bromfenac‐ vs.PA‐treated eyes at 56 weeks.ConclusionsEyes receiving celecoxib‐IOL/PAhad better initial control of inflammation. Bromfenac was equally effective compared withPAin controlling inflammation. There was no association betweenCOX‐2 inhibitor administration and ocular hypertension. Celecoxib‐IOL/PA‐treated eyes showed better initial control ofPCO(up to 12 weeks), while eyes receiving bromfenac had better long‐term control ofPCO(56 weeks).
Farm‐level actions towards water pollution control: the role of nutrient guidance systems
Authors: Wilson Paul 
Published: March 2014

AbstractEnhanced agricultural pollution control will be required to ensure compliance with the 2015 European Union (EU) Water Framework Directive. Drawing upon data from an on‐farm survey with 1370 farmers and growers across England, combined with production, financial, farm and farmer characteristic data from the English Farm Business Survey, this paper investigates farmer attitudes and actions towards water pollution control. Significant differences in practices taken to reduce or prevent pollution were observed by farm type, EU region, farmer education level and use or absence of a nutrient guidance system. However, no significant differences were observed in financial output–input performance of arable farmers by use and non‐use of a nutrient guidance system. Nutrient guidance systems were, however, associated with a greater uptake of practices to reduce or prevent water pollution. Water companies could build upon upstream land management approaches to provide targeted investment in extension services to incentivise on‐farm use of these guidance systems.
Neural substrates underlying fear‐evoked freezing: the periaqueductal grey–cerebellar link
Authors: Koutsikou Stella , Crook Jonathan J. , Earl Emma V. , Leith J. Lianne , Watson Thomas C. , Lumb Bridget M. , Apps Richard 
Published: March 2014

Key points
At the heart of the brain circuitry underlying fear behaviour is the periaqueductal grey (PAG).
We address an important gap in understanding regarding the neural pathways and mechanisms that link the PAG to distinct patterns of motor response associated with survival behaviours.
We identify a highly localised part of the cerebellum (lateral vermal lobule VIII, pyramis) as a key supraspinal node within a chain of connections that links the PAG to the spinal cord to elicit fear‐evoked freezing behaviour.
Expression of fear‐evoked freezing behaviour, both conditioned and innate, is dependent on cerebellar pyramis neural input–output pathways.
We also address an important controversy in the literature, namely whether or not ventrolateral PAG (vlPAG) increases muscle tone. We provide evidence that activation of the vlPAG causes an increase in α‐motoneurone excitability, consistent with a role in generating muscle tone associated with fear‐evoked freezing.
AbstractThe central neural pathways involved in fear‐evoked behaviour are highly conserved across mammalian species, and there is a consensus that understanding them is a fundamental step towards developing effective treatments for emotional disorders in man. The ventrolateral periaqueductal grey (vlPAG) has a well‐established role in fear‐evoked freezing behaviour. The neural pathways underlying autonomic and sensory consequences of vlPAG activation in fearful situations are well understood, but much less is known about the pathways that link vlPAG activity to distinct fear‐evoked motor patterns essential for survival. In adult rats, we have identified a pathway linking the vlPAG to cerebellar cortex, which terminates as climbing fibres in lateral vermal lobule VIII (pyramis). Lesion of pyramis input–output pathways disrupted innate and fear‐conditioned freezing behaviour. The disruption in freezing behaviour was strongly correlated to the reduction in the vlPAG‐induced facilitation of α‐motoneurone excitability observed after lesions of the pyramis. The increased excitability of α‐motoneurones during vlPAG activation may therefore drive the increase in muscle tone that underlies expression of freezing behaviour. By identifying the cerebellar pyramis as a critical component of the neural network subserving emotionally related freezing behaviour, the present study identifies novel neural pathways that link the PAG to fear‐evoked motor responses.
Molecular Characterization of Carbapenemase-Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in the Countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council: Dominance of OXA-48 and NDM Producers
Authors: Zowawi Hosam M. , Sartor Anna L. , Balkhy Hanan H. , Walsh Timothy R. , Al Johani Sameera M. , AlJindan Reem Y. , Alfaresi Mubarak , Ibrahim Emad , Al-Jardani Amina , Al-Abri Seif , Al Salman Jameela , Dashti Ali A. , Kutbi Abdullah H. , Schlebusch Sanmarié , Sidjabat Hanna E. , Paterson David L. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT

The molecular epidemiology and mechanisms of resistance of carbapenem-resistant
Enterobacteriaceae
(CRE) were determined in hospitals in the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), namely, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Oman, Qatar, Bahrain, and Kuwait. Isolates were subjected to PCR-based detection of antibiotic-resistant genes and repetitive sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) assessments of clonality. Sixty-two isolates which screened positive for potential carbapenemase production were assessed, and 45 were found to produce carbapenemase. The most common carbapenemases were of the OXA-48 (35 isolates) and NDM (16 isolates) types; 6 isolates were found to coproduce the OXA-48 and NDM types. No KPC-type, VIM-type, or IMP-type producers were detected. Multiple clones were detected with seven clusters of clonally related
Klebsiella pneumoniae
. Awareness of CRE in GCC countries has important implications for controlling the spread of CRE in the Middle East and in hospitals accommodating patients transferred from the region.
Republished: Pro-arrhythmic and pro-ischaemic effects of inhaled anticholinergic medications
Authors: Singh Sonal , Loke Yoon K , Enright Paul , Furberg Curt D 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The majority of deaths in COPD are from cardiovascular causes. Several large randomized controlled trials demonstrate that inhaled anticholinergic agents ipratropium and tiotropium increase the risk of serious cardiovascular events, including cardiovascular mortality. Tiotropium Respimat is associated with a statistically significant increased risk of mortality (RR 1.52; 95% CI 1.06 to 2.16) and cardiovascular death (RR 2.05; 95% CI 1.06 to 3.99) compared with placebo in a meta-analysis of clinical trials. In the largest study, the subgroup of patients with COPD in the Respimat group with known rhythm and cardiac disorders at baseline had an especially high risk for cardiac death (RR 8.6; 95% CI 1.1 to 67.2). Although there was no significantly increased risk of mortality (HR 0.89; 95% CI 0.79 to 1.02) or myocardial infarction (MI) (RR 0.73; 95% CI 0.53 to 1.00) with tiotropium handihaler in the Understanding Potential Long-Term Impacts on Function with Tiotropium (UPLIFT) trial, the reported excess of angina (RR 1.44; 95% CI 0.91 to 2.26), imbalance in strokes related to ischaemia and rates of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias are consistent with the pro-ischemic and pro-arrhythmic effects. The subjects at greatest risk of cardiovascular death, such as those with a recent history of MI, unstable or life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias or hospitalisation with heart failure, were excluded from the UPLIFT trial. The Prevention of Exacerbations with Tiotropium in COPD trial showed an excess of serious coronary ischaemic events of angina, myocardial ischaemia and MI with the tiotropium Handihaler compared with salmeterol. The authors urge caution in prescribing inhaled anticholinergics for patients with pre-existing arrhythmias or cardiac disorders.
VASCULARIZED NAIL TRANSFER FROM NON-REPLANTABLE DIGIT: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Zemirline Ahmed , Taleb Chihab , Goukodadja Oswald , Liverneaux Philippe 
Published: March 2014

We report the case of a traumatic amputation by circular saw of the ring and small fingers, associated with middle finger nail matrix loss and tendon, bone and joint exposure. The replantation was not attempted with patient's consent. Since the nail unit from the ring finger was intact, we decided to harvest the ring finger nail unit for major finger reconstruction. Although the principle of vascularized transfer from a severely damaged finger is widely recognized and the vascularized nail transfer from toe is a relatively common procedure, there is no description of a vascularized nail transfer from a non-replantable digit in the literature.
Tuning the continual flow pipeline architecture with virtual register renaming
Authors: Jothi Komal , Akkary Haitham 
Published: March 2014

Continual Flow Pipelines (CFPs) allow a processor core to process hundreds of in-flight instructions without increasing cycle-critical pipeline resources. When a load misses the data cache, CFP checkpoints the processor register state and then moves all miss-dependent instructions into a low-complexity WB to unblock the pipeline. Meanwhile, miss-independent instructions execute normally and update the processor state. When the miss data return, CFP replays the miss-dependent instructions from the WB and then merges the miss-dependent and miss-independent execution results.
CFP was initially proposed for cache misses to DRAM. Later work focused on reducing the execution overhead of CFP by avoiding the pipeline flush before replaying miss-dependent instructions and executing dependent and independent instructions concurrently. The goal of these improvements was to gain performance by applying CFP to L1 data cache misses that hit the last level on chip cache. However, many applications or execution phases of applications incur excessive amount of replay and/or rollbacks to the checkpoint. This frequently cancels benefits from CFP and reduces performance.
In this article, we improve the CFP architecture by using a novel virtual register renaming substrate and by tuning the replay policies to mitigate excessive replays and rollbacks to the checkpoint. We describe these new design optimizations and show, using Spec 2006 benchmarks and microarchitecture performance and power models of our design, that our Tuned-CFP architecture improves performance and energy consumption over previous CFP architectures by ∼10% and ∼8%, respectively. We also demonstrate that our proposed architecture gives better performance return on energy per instruction compared to a conventional superscalar as well as previous CFP architectures.
Tissue Biomarkers for Prognosis of Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Zhao Liuyang , Yu Na , Guo Tianfang , Hou Yixuan , Zeng Zongyue , Yang Xiaorong , Hu Ping , Tang Xi , Wang Jian , Liu Manran 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Background: Although numerous investigators have made efforts to assess prognostic biomarkers of prostate cancer, no biomarker has been recommended for clinical practice.
Methods: According to REMARK (Reporting recommendations for tumor marker prognostic studies) and MISFISHIE (Minimum information specification for in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry experiments) guidelines, the published articles of immunohistochemistry-based prognostic biomarkers on prostate cancer were extracted and pooled.
Results: Ninety-three prognostic biomarkers from 92 high-quality cohort studies were included in this meta-analysis. Our analysis reveals some promising independent prognostic biomarkers, including Ki-67 [all-cause mortality (ACM) HR, 1.85; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06–3.25; PSM HR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.42–2.34; DFS HR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.31–1.75]; Bcl-2 (ACM HR, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.27–3.58; PSM HR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.01–2.57; DFS HR, 3.86; 95% CI, 2.14–6.96); CD147 (ACM HR, 2.63; 95% CI, 1.19–5.81; DFS HR, 5.84; 95% CI, 3.41–9.99); COX-2 (PSM HR, 7.6; 95% CI, 0.7–80.1; DFS HR, 7.9; 95% CI, 2.62–23.83); ALDH1A1 (ACM HR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.163–2.527; PSM HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.028–1.107), and FVIII (ACM HR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.19–2.60; PSM HR, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.01–1.02).
Conclusions: Our analysis identified a subset of biomarkers (Ki-67, Bcl-2, CD147, COX-2, ALDH1A1, and FVIII) that may have prognostic value for predicting the outcome of patients with prostate cancer.
Impact: These reliable prognostic biomarkers will improve the clinical management of patients with prostate cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(6); 1047–54. ©2014 AACR.
Annotated checklist and new records of Harpacticoida (Copepoda) from a coastal system of northern Colombia, South America
Authors: Fuentes-Reinés J. M. , Suárez-Morales E. 
Published: March 2014

The harpacticoid copepod fauna of the Laguna Navío Quebrado, La Guajira, a protected area of the northern Colombian coast, was studied from plankton samples obtained at littoral areas covered by vegetation (macrophytes and mangroves), and at limnetic habitats close to an oyster bank. A total of 14 species of harpacticoid copepods are reported from the surveyed area. Nine of these species are new to the Colombian copepod fauna:Schizopera knabeniLang, 1965,Cletocamptus helobiusFleeger, 1980,Quinquelaophonte quinquespinosa(Sewell, 1924),Sarsamphiascus hirtus(Gurney, 1927),Parategastes herteliJacobi, 1953,Enhydrosoma lacunaeJakubisiak, 1933,Metis holothuriae(Edwards, 1891),Robertsonia propinqua(T. Scott, 1894) andNitokra tayloriGómez, Carrasco & Morales-Serna, 2012. The first two species have not been hitherto recorded from South America and the last one is reported for the Americas for the first time. Nine of these species are also new records for the Caribbean Sea. This is the first report on the marine benthic harpacticoid Copepoda from northern Colombia. A complete species list plus brief diagnostic descriptions of the new records for the Colombian harpacticoid copepod fauna are provided together with morphologic remarks, notes on the variability of some species and their distribution.