bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of restenosis after carotid artery stenting in 241 cases
Authors: Daou Badih , Chalouhi Nohra , Starke Robert M , Dalyai Richard , Polifka Adam , Sarkar Kumar , Jabbour Pascal , Rosenwasser Robert , Tjoumakaris Stavropoula 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundVariable rates of restenosis after carotid artery stenting (CAS) have been reported, and few predictors have been suggested. Because CAS is being performed with increasing frequency, more data are needed to evaluate the rate and predictors of restenosis and possibly identify new risk factors for restenosis after CAS. The aim of this study was to analyze the rate and predictors of restenosis after CAS.Methods241 patients with carotid artery stenosis treated with stenting were analyzed retrospectively to identify patients who had restenosis after stenting. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were conducted to determine the predictors of restenosis.ResultsMean patient age was 67.5 years. 8.3% of patients who underwent CAS had carotid restenosis of ≥50% during follow-up. 3.7% of patients required retreatment. Mean duration from CAS to retreatment was 11 months. In multivariate analysis, the predictors of restenosis included history of cardiovascular disease (OR=8.88, p<0.001) and having a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) prior to stenting (OR=1.87, p=0.034). A higher percentage of preoperative carotid stenosis was associated with higher odds of restenosis in univariate analysis (p=0.04, OR stenosis ≥80%=5.7).ConclusionsOur results suggest that the rate of carotid restenosis after stenting is low. Patients with cardiovascular disease, patients who had a CVA prior to stenting, and patients with higher percentages of preoperative stenosis had higher odds of restenosis. Higher rates of restenosis should be kept in mind when opting for CAS in these patients.
Enhancement of critical current of SiC and malic acid codoped MgB2∕Fe wires
Authors: Li W. X. , Chen R. H. , Xu X. , Hu Y. M. , Zhu M. Y. , Li Y. , Dou S. X. 
Published: September 2015

The influences of microstructure, connectivity, and disorder on the critical current density, [Formula: see text], are discussed to clarify the different mechanisms of [Formula: see text] in different magnetic field ranges for in situ and combined in situ/ex situ [Formula: see text] wires with nano SiC and malic acid codoping. Sintering temperature plays a very important role in the electromagnetic properties at different temperatures and under various magnetic fields. Connectivity, upper critical field, [Formula: see text], and irreversibility field, [Formula: see text], are studied to demonstrate the mechanism of [Formula: see text] dependence on magnetic field. The combined in situ/ex situ process is proved to be a promising technique for fabrication of practical [Formula: see text] wires.
Magnetic ordering and electronic structure of the ternary iron arsenide BaFe2As2
Authors: El-Kelma R. Zine , Beldi L. , El Haj Hassan F. , Murtaza G. , Khenata R. , Abu-Jafar M. S. , Omran S. Bin , Bouhafs B. 
Published: September 2015

In this paper, we report structural parameters, magnetic ordering and the electronic structure of the tetragonal and orthorhombic ternary iron arsenide compound [Formula: see text]. Ab initio calculations are performed by the means of full-potential linearized augmented plane waves plus local orbitals method for both spin states. The local spin density plus Hubbard potential ([Formula: see text]) and generalized gradient plus Hubbard potential ([Formula: see text]) approximations are used to treat the exchange and correlation potentials. The results mainly show that orthorhombic [Formula: see text] compound has an antiferromagnetic spin ordering. Both spin-up and spin-down polarizations are considered to investigate the band structure, density of states and electron charge density. High density of states population at the Fermi level reveals metallic character of this material. The magnetism property arises essentially from the [Formula: see text] orbital of iron atom.
Assessing effective provenance methods for fluvial sediment in the South China Sea
Authors: Clift Peter D. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Sediment is delivered by the rivers of SE Asia to the South China Sea where it provides an archive of continental environmental conditions since the Eocene. Interpreting this archive is complicated because sediment may be derived from a number of unique sources and the rivers themselves have experienced headwater capture that also affects their composition. A number of methods exist to constrain provenance, but not all work well in this area. Anthropogenic impacts, most notably agriculture, mean that the modern rivers contain more weathered materials than they did up until about 3000 years ago. The rivers have also changed their bulk chemistry and clay mineralogy in response to climate change, so that these proxies, as well as Sr isotopes, are generally unreliable provenance indicators. Nd isotopes resolve influx from Luzon, but many other sources in SE Asia have similar values and clear resolution of end members can be difficult. Instead, thermochronology methods are best suited, especially apatite fission track, which shows more diversity in the sources than either U–Pb zircon or Ar/Ar muscovite dating. Nonetheless, even fission track is best used as part of a multiproxy approach if a robust quantitative budget is desired.
Neoepitopes of Cancers: Looking Back, Looking Ahead
Authors: Srivastava Pramod K. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe search for specificity in cancers has been a holy grail in cancer immunology. Cancer geneticists have long known that cancers harbor transforming and other mutations. Immunologists have long known that inbred mice can be immunized against syngeneic cancers, indicating the existence of cancer-specific antigens. With the technological advances in high-throughput DNA sequencing and bioinformatics, the genetic and immunologic lines of inquiry are now converging to provide definitive evidence that human cancers are vastly different from normal tissues at the genetic level, and that some of these differences are recognized by the immune system. The very vastness of genetic changes in cancers now raises different question. Which of the many cancer-specific genetic (genomic) changes are actually recognized by the immune system, and why? New observations are now beginning to probe these vital issues with unprecedented resolution and are informing a new generation of studies in human cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Res; 3(9); 969–77. ©2015 AACR.
Once Isolated, Always Isolated?
Authors: Heeger Christian-Hendrik , Wissner Erik , Mathew Shibu , Deiss Sebastian , Lemes Christine , Rillig Andreas , Wohlmuth Peter , Reissmann Bruno , Tilz Roland Richard , Ouyang Feifan , Kuck Karl-Heinz , Metzner Andreas 
Published: September 2015

Background—
The second-generation cryoballoon delivers effective pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) associated with superior 1-year clinical outcome. However, data on reconduction of previously isolated PV are sparse.

Methods and Results—

A total of 421 patients underwent second-generation 28-mm cryoballoon-based PVI in 2 centers (St. George’s hospital and Harburg hospital, Hamburg, Germany) between June 2012 and May 2015. Sixty-six of 421 (16%) patients (39/66, 59% women; mean age, 63±10 years, mean left atrium diameter, 45±6 mm) with a history of paroxysmal (40/66, 61%) or persistent atrial fibrillation and atrial tachyarrhythmia recurrences despite previous successful second-generation 28-mm cryoballoon-based PVI were included in this analysis. During the index PVI, the standard freeze cycle duration was 240 s. After successful PVI, a bonus freeze cycle of 240 s was applied in the first 15 of 66 (23%) patients, whereas no bonus freeze cycle was applied in the remaining patients. Repeat procedures were performed after a median of 205 (131–357) days following the index ablation. Electric reconduction was assessed for all PVs, and reablation was performed using radiofrequency energy. Persistent electric isolation was noted in 178 of 258 (69%) PVs. In 17 of 66 (26%) patients, all previously targeted PVs remained isolated. A significant difference toward highest reconduction rate for the posteroinferior segment of the right inferior PV was found (
P
=0.0002).

Conclusions—
The second-generation cryoballoon ablation is associated with a high rate of persistent PVI. The posteroinferior segment of the right inferior PV showed the highest reconduction rate and seems to be a predilection site for PV reconduction.
Role of Neutrophils in Exacerbation of Brain Injury After Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Hyperlipidemic Mice
Authors: Herz Josephine , Sabellek Pascal , Lane Thomas E. , Gunzer Matthias , Hermann Dirk M. , Doeppner Thorsten R. 
Published: September 2015

Background and Purpose—
Inflammation-related comorbidities contribute to stroke-induced immune responses and brain damage. We previously showed that hyperlipidemia exacerbates ischemic brain injury, which is associated with elevated peripheral and cerebral granulocyte numbers. Herein, we evaluate the contribution of neutrophils to the exacerbation of ischemic brain injury.

Methods—
Wild-type mice fed with a normal chow and ApoE knockout mice fed with a high cholesterol diet were exposed to middle cerebral artery occlusion. CXCR2 was blocked using the selective antagonist SB225002 (2 mg/kg) or neutralizing CXCR2 antiserum. Neutrophils were depleted using an anti-Ly6G antibody. At 72 hours post ischemia, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and real-time polymerase chain reaction were performed to determine cerebral tissue injury and immunologic changes in the blood, bone marrow, and brain. Functional outcome was assessed by accelerated rota rod and tight rope tests at 4, 7, and 14 days post ischemia.

Results—

CXCR2 antagonization reduced neurological deficits and infarct volumes that were exacerbated in hyperlipidemic ApoE
−/−
mice. This effect was mimicked by neutrophil depletion. Cerebral neutrophil infiltration and peripheral neutrophilia, which were increased on ischemia in hyperlipidemia, were attenuated by CXCR2 antagonization. This downscaling of neutrophil responses was associated with increased neutrophil apoptosis and reduced levels of CXCR2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and NADPH oxidase 2 expression on bone marrow neutrophils.

Conclusions—
Our data demonstrate a role of neutrophils in the exacerbation of ischemic brain injury induced by hyperlipidemia. Accordingly, CXCR2 blockade, which prevents neutrophil recruitment into the brain, might be an effective option for stroke treatment in patients with hyperlipidemia.
A Theory for Bjerknes Compensation: The Role of Climate Feedback
Authors: Liu Zhengyu , Yang Haijun , He Chengfei , Zhao Yingying 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The response of the atmospheric energy (heat) transport (AHT) to a perturbation oceanic heat transport (OHT) is studied theoretically in a zonal mean energy balance model, with the focus on the effect of climate feedback, especially its spatial variation, on Bjerknes compensation (BJC). It is found that the BJC depends critically on climate feedback. For a stable climate, in which negative climate feedback is dominant, the AHT always compensates the OHT in the opposite direction. Furthermore, if local climate feedback is negative everywhere, the AHT will be weaker than the OHT (undercompensation) because of the damping on the surface oceanic heating through the top-of-atmosphere energy loss. One novel finding is that the compensation magnitude depends on the spatial scale of the forcing and is bounded between a minimum at the global scale and a maximum (of perfect compensation) at small scales. Most interestingly, the BJC is affected significantly by the spatial variation of the feedback, particularly a local positive climate feedback. As such, a regional positive feedback can lead to a compensating AHT greater than the perturbation OHT (overcompensation). This occurs because the positive feedback enhances the local temperature response, the anomalous temperature gradient, and, in turn, the AHT. Finally, the poleward latent heat transport leads to a temperature response with a polar amplification accompanied by a polar steepening of temperature gradient but does not change the BJC significantly. Potential applications of this BJC theory to more complex climate model studies are also discussed.
Reconciling Precipitation with Runoff: Observed Hydrological Change in the Midlatitudes
Authors: Osborne Joe M. , Lambert F. Hugo , Groenendijk Margriet , Harper Anna B. , Koven Charles D. , Poulter Benjamin , Pugh Thomas A. M. , Sitch Stephen , Stocker Benjamin D. , Wiltshire Andy , Zaehle Sönke 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Century-long observed gridded land precipitation datasets are a cornerstone of hydrometeorological research. But recent work has suggested that observed Northern Hemisphere midlatitude (NHML) land mean precipitation does not show evidence of an expected negative response to mid-twentieth-century aerosol forcing. Utilizing observed river discharges, the observed runoff is calculated and compared with observed land precipitation. The results show a near-zero twentieth-century trend in observed NHML land mean runoff, in contrast to the significant positive trend in observed NHML land mean precipitation. However, precipitation and runoff share common interannual and decadal variability. An obvious split, or breakpoint, is found in the NHML land mean runoff–precipitation relationship in the 1930s. Using runoff simulated by six land surface models (LSMs), which are driven by the observed precipitation dataset, such breakpoints are absent. These findings support previous hypotheses that inhomogeneities exist in the early-twentieth-century NHML land mean precipitation record. Adjusting the observed precipitation record according to the observed runoff record largely accounts for the departure of the observed precipitation response from that predicted given the real-world aerosol forcing estimate, more than halving the discrepancy from about 6 to around 2 W m−2. Consideration of complementary observed runoff adds support to the suggestion that NHML-wide early-twentieth-century precipitation observations are unsuitable for climate change studies. The agreement between precipitation and runoff over Europe, however, is excellent, supporting the use of whole-twentieth-century observed precipitation datasets here.
The eligibility of Public Administration research for ethics review: a case study of two international peer-reviewed journals
Authors: Wessels Jacobus S. , Visagie Retha G. 
Published: September 2015

This article reports on research aimed at assessing why Public Administration research is eligible for research ethics review or not through a quantitative content analysis of two international peer-reviewed journals. Through a comprehensive literature review on research integrity, research ethics and human subject protection regulations, the reasons, convictions and conditions for ethics review were identified and combined into a conceptual framework for the purpose of the content analysis. The study revealed that 60% of the articles reported on research involving human participants directly or indirectly. An interesting observation was the lack of reporting on ethical considerations in general and specifically in the research design of those articles with the potential to harm human subjects. It is recommended that higher education institutions hosting researchers in Public Administration, as well as peer-reviewed journals, should instil the awareness and sensitivity for research ethics among researchers. Points for practitioners The study on which this article is based reports on the qualifying reasons, convictions and conditions for ethics review in Public Administration research. Consequently, the article proposes a conceptual framework that could be used by Public Administration researchers and ethics review committees to assess whether research is eligible for ethics review or not.
Simulation and real weather data: A comparison for Cyprus case
Authors: Ozdenefe Murat , Dewsbury Jonathan 
Published: September 2015

This paper compares three sets of weather data for Cyprus and investigates the relationship between similarity of weather data and similarity of building heating and cooling loads. A building energy simulation weather file containing a year of hourly values of typical weather data for Larnaca was compared with 10 years of daily mean data (dry bulb temperature, global solar radiation, wind speed and relative humidity) for two other locations (Kyrenia and Nicosia). This was done by reducing the hourly data to daily mean values, generating the cumulative distribution functions of the three data sets and calculating the Finkelstein-Schafer statistics as a measure of similarity. It was found that the data for Larnaca were similar to that for Kyrenia and Nicosia, and most similar to that for Nicosia. The relationship between similarity of weather data, as measured by the Finkelstein-Schafer statistic, and the space heating and cooling loads of a simulated simple building was then investigated for some locations in the Mediterranean region. It was found that there was no apparent relationship between the Finkelstein-Schafer statistics and the total heating and cooling loads, but that there was a clear relationship between the Finkelstein-Schafer statistics and the heating and cooling loads considered separately. It is concluded that: the Finkelstein-Schafer statistic is a useful measure of similarity when comparing weather data sets; it is important to consider space heating and cooling loads separately, not just total load; comparing weather data for Palermo, Cairo and Jerusalem with that for Larnaca, a smaller value of the Finkelstein-Schafer statistic is associated with more similar heating and cooling loads; the Finkelstein-Schafer statistics are smaller for Kyrenia and Nicosia than for Palermo, Cairo and Jerusalem, so weather data for Larnaca can be considered for use in building energy simulation studies for Kyrenia and Nicosia. Practical application: There are many simulation weather data files available for different locations that can be used for dynamic thermal simulations of buildings. Yet, it is not practical to generate weather data file for every location. This work suggests that if a building energy simulation weather data set for a location is not available, then similar data for another location can be used, provided that FS statistic is small between the locations. This comparison has been performed for three locations in Cyprus in this work.
Task-specific reach-to-grasp training after stroke: development and description of a home-based intervention
Authors: Cunningham Paul , Turton Ailie J , Van Wijck Frederike , Van Vliet Paulette 
Published: September 2015

This series of articles for rehabilitation in practice aims to cover a knowledge element of the rehabilitation medicine curriculum. Nevertheless they are intended to be of interest to a multidisciplinary audience. The competency addressed in this article is to transparently describe the process of developing a complex intervention for people after stroke as part of a feasibility randomised controlled trial. Objective: To describe and justify the development of a home-based, task-specific upper limb training intervention to improve reach-to-grasp after stroke and pilot it for feasibility and acceptability prior to a randomized controlled trial. Intervention description: The intervention is based on intensive practice of whole reach-to-grasp tasks and part-practice of essential reach-to-grasp components. A ‘pilot’ manual of activities covering the domains of self-care, leisure and productivity was developed for the feasibility study. The intervention comprises 14 hours of therapist-delivered sessions over six weeks, with additional self-practice recommended for 42 hours (i.e. one hour every day). As part of a feasibility randomized controlled trial, 24 people with a wide range of upper limb impairment after stroke experienced the intervention to test adherence and acceptability. The median number of repetitions in one-hour therapist-delivered sessions was 157 (interquartile range IQR 96–211). The amount of self-practice was poorly documented. Where recorded, the median amount of practice was 30 minutes (interquartile range 22–45) per day. Findings demonstrated that the majority of participants found the intensity, content and level of difficulty of the intervention acceptable, and the programme to be beneficial. Comments on the content and presentation of the self-practice material were incorporated in a revised ‘final’ intervention manual. Discussion: A comprehensive training intervention to improve reach-to-grasp for people living at home after stroke has been described in accordance with the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) reporting guidelines. The intervention has been piloted, and found to be acceptable and feasible in the home setting. Trial registration: ISRCTN56716589
Comparative Matched-Pair Analysis of the Injection Versus Implantation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Kim Yong Sang , Kwon Oh Ryong , Choi Yun Jin , Suh Dong Suk , Heo Dong Beom , Koh Yong Gon 
Published: September 2015

Background: The mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)–based tissue engineering approach has been developed to address the problem of articular cartilage repair in knee osteoarthritis (OA). However, the most effective method of MSC application has not yet been established. Purpose: To compare the injection and implantation of MSCs in patients with knee OA in terms of clinical and second-look arthroscopic outcomes. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Among 182 patients treated with arthroscopic surgery using MSCs for knee OA from October 2010 to August 2012, patients treated with an injection of MSCs in combination with platelet-rich plasma (injection group; n = 20) were pair-matched with patients who underwent MSC implantation on a fibrin glue scaffold (implantation group; n = 20) based on sex, age, and lesion size. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score and Tegner activity scale, and cartilage repair was assessed arthroscopically with the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) grading system. Results: The mean (±SD) IKDC and Tegner activity scores significantly improved from 38.5 ± 9.2 to 55.2 ± 15.0 and from 2.5 ± 1.2 to 3.5 ± 1.2, respectively, in the injection group and from 36.6 ± 4.9 to 62.7 ± 14.1 and from 2.3 ± 0.9 to 3.6 ± 1.1, respectively, in the implantation group at the time of second-look arthroscopic surgery (mean, 12.6 months postoperatively) ( P < .001 in all cases). At final follow-up (mean, 28.6 months postoperatively), the mean IKDC and Tegner activity scores in the implantation group had improved further to 64.8 ± 13.4 and 3.9 ± 1.0, respectively ( P < .001 and P = .035, respectively), while no significant improvements were found in the injection group ( P = .130 and P = .655, respectively). At final follow-up, there was a significant difference in the mean IKDC score between groups ( P = .049). Significant correlations between the number of administered MSCs and the postoperative clinical outcomes were found only in the injection group. Significant correlations between the clinical outcomes and the ICRS grades were found in both groups. The ICRS grades were significantly better in the implantation group ( P = .041). In the injection group, 2 of the 20 lesions (10%) were grade I (normal), 5 (25%) were grade II (near normal), 8 (40%) were grade III (abnormal), and 5 (25%) were grade IV (severely abnormal). In the implantation group, 6 of the 20 lesions (30%) were grade I, 7 (35%) were grade II, 4 (20%) were grade III, and 3 (15%) were grade IV. Conclusion: Utilizing the described method, MSC implantation for knee OA resulted in better clinical and second-look arthroscopic outcomes than an MSC injection.