bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Erratum: James Kenney's Comedic Genius: Early Nineteenth‐century Character, Commerce, and the Arts in Raising the Wind, The World!, and Debtor and Creditor
Authors: Robinson Terry F. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractScholars have long perceived the early nineteenth century as an era of decline in the drama, a time when the literary and dramatic arts severed connections, and playwrighting for the Theatres Royal became subject wholly to popular sway. James Kenney's comedies reveal how such a view is symptomatic, in part, of the early nineteenth‐century clash between advocates for the arts and promoters of commerce. Through an exploration of character and identity formation within commercial society, Kenney interrogates the seeming opposition between the arts and commerce and exposes, instead, their interdependency. By juxtaposing romance narrative convention and the modern marketplace, he shows that the early nineteenth‐century stage was one of dynamism and growth, rather than failure and loss.
The Leishmania major BBSome subunit BBS1 is essential for parasite virulence in the mammalian host
Authors: Price Helen P. , Paape Daniel , Hodgkinson Michael R. , Farrant Katie , Doehl Johannes , Stark Meg , Smith Deborah F. 
Published: September 2013

SummaryBardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a human genetic disorder with a spectrum of symptoms caused by primary cilium dysfunction. The disease is caused by mutations in one of at least 17 identified genes, of which seven encode subunits of the BBSome, a protein complex required for specific trafficking events to and from the primary cilium. The molecular mechanisms associated with BBSome function remain to be fully elucidated. Here, we generated null and complemented mutants of the BBSome subunit BBS1 in the protozoan parasite, Leishmania. In the absence of BBS1, extracellular parasites have no apparent defects in growth, flagellum assembly, motility or differentiation in vitro but there is accumulation of vacuole‐like structures close to the flagellar pocket. Infectivity of these parasites for macrophages in vitro is reduced compared with wild‐type controls but the null parasites retain the ability to differentiate to the intracellular amastigote stage. However, infectivity of BBS1 null parasites is severely compromised in a BALB/c mouse footpad model. We hypothesize that the absence of BBS1 in Leishmania leads to defects in specific trafficking events that affect parasite persistence in the host. This is the first report of an association between the BBSome complex and pathogen infectivity.
Molecular characterization of cisgenic lines of apple ‘Gala’ carrying the Rvi6 scab resistance gene
Authors: Vanblaere Thalia , Flachowsky Henryk , Gessler Cesare , Broggini Giovanni A. L. 
Published: September 2013

SummaryUsing resistance genes from a crossable donor to obtain cultivars resistant to diseases and the use of such cultivars in production appears an economically and environmentally advantageous approach. In apple, introgression of resistance genes by classical breeding results in new cultivars, while introducing cisgenes by biotechnological methods maintains the original cultivar characteristics. Recently, plants of the popular apple ‘Gala’ were genetically modified by inserting the apple scab resistance gene Rvi6 (formerly HcrVf2) under control of its own regulatory sequences. This gene is derived from the scab‐resistant apple ‘Florina’ (originally from the wild apple accession Malus floribunda 821). The vector used for genetic modification allowed a postselection marker gene elimination to achieve cisgenesis. In this work, three cisgenic lines were analysed to assess copy number, integration site, expression level and resistance to apple scab. For two of these lines, a single insertion was observed and, despite a very low expression of 0.07‐ and 0.002‐fold compared with the natural expression of ‘Florina’, this was sufficient to induce plant reaction and reduce fungal growth by 80% compared with the scab‐susceptible ‘Gala’. Similar results for resistance and expression analysis were obtained also for the third line, although it was impossible to determine the copy number and TDNA integration site–such molecular characterization is requested by the (EC) Regulation No. 1829/2003, but may become unnecessary if cisgenic crops become exempt from GMO regulation.
A Rural African American Faith Community's Solutions to Depression Disparities
Authors: Bryant Keneshia , Haynes Tiffany , Kim Yeary Karen Hye‐cheon , Greer‐Williams Nancy , Hartwig Mary 
Published: September 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore how a rural African American faith community would address depression within their congregations and the community as a whole.Design and SampleA qualitative, interpretive descriptive methodology was used. The sample included 24 participants representing pastors, parishioners interested in health, and African American men who had experienced symptoms of depression in a community in the Arkansas Delta.MeasuresThe primary data sources for this qualitative research study were focus groups.ResultsParticipants identified three key players in the rural African American faith community who can combat depression: the Church, the Pastor/Clergy, and the Layperson. The roles of each were identified and recommendations for each to address depression disparities in rural African Americans.ConclusionsThe recommendations can be used to develop faith‐based interventions for depression targeting the African American faith community.
Immobilized Organic Photosensitizers with Versatile Reactivity for Various Visible‐Light Applications
Authors: Ronzani Filippo , Saint‐Cricq Philippe , Arzoumanian Emmanuel , Pigot Thierry , Blanc Sylvie , Oelgemöller Michael , Oliveros Esther , Richard Claire , Lacombe Sylvie 
Published: September 2013

AbstractVarious photosensitizers were grafted by conventional peptide coupling methods to functionalized silica with several macroscopic shapes (powders, films) or embedded in highly transparent and microporous silica xerogel monoliths. Owing to the transparency and free‐standing shape of the monoliths, the transient species arising from irradiation of the PSs could be analyzed and were not strikingly different from those observed in solutions. The observed reactivity for either liquid–solid (α‐terpinene oxygenation vs dehydrogenation) or gas–solid (dimethylsulfide, DMS, solvent‐free oxidation) reactions was consistent with the properties of the excited states of the PSs under consideration. Immobilized anthraquinone‐derived materials preferentially react in both cases by electron transfer from the substrate to the triplet state of the sensitizer, in spite of an efficient singlet oxygen production. The recently developed 9,14‐dicyanobenzo[b]triphenylene‐3‐carboxylic acid, DBTP‐COOH, efficiently reacts via energy transfer to yield singlet oxygen from its triplet state. It was shown to perform better than 9,10‐dicyanoanthracene and rose bengal for DMS oxidation and α‐terpinene photooxygenation to ascaridole, respectively. Thus, by a proper choice of the organic immobilized photocatalyst, it is possible to develop efficient and reusable materials, activated under visible light, for various applications and to tune the reaction pathway, opening the way to green oxidation processes.
Fluorescence Excitation Spectrum of Bilirubin in Blood: A Model for the Action Spectrum for Phototherapy of Neonatal Jaundice
Authors: Lamola Angelo A. , Russo Marie 
Published: September 2013

AbstractA recent report (Lamola et al. 2013 Pediatric Research, 74, 54–60) presents a semiempirical model for facile calculation of an action spectrum for bilirubin photochemistry in vivo using the most current knowledge of the optics of neonatal skin. The calculations indicate that competition for phototherapy light by hemoglobin in the skin is the predominant factor that defines the spectrum of light absorbed by bilirubin. If the latter is correct, a valid physical analog of the calculated spectrum is the excitation spectrum of bilirubin in blood. The fluorescence excitation spectrum was recorded and, indeed, found to be very similar to the calculated spectrum. Both spectra exhibit maxima near 476 nm and widths at half height of about 50 nm. This result supports the conclusion that light between 460 and 490 nm is most effective for phototherapy of neonatal jaundice.
Photoreaction of Ketoprofen with Tryptophan and Tyrosine in Phosphate Buffer Solution
Authors: Shinoda Mio , Isozaki Tasuku , Suzuki Tadashi 
Published: September 2013

AbstractReaction of excited ketoprofen (KP) with tryptophan (Trp) and tyrosine (Tyr) in a phosphate buffer solution was studied by the transient absorption spectroscopy. Both amino acids, which would interact with KP in bovine serum albumin [Monti, S. [2009] Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 11, 9104–9113], accelerated the proton transfer reaction to yield 3‐ethylbenzophenone ketyl biradical (EBPH) from KP carbanion, which was produced by photoexcitation of KP− through decarboxylation. By means of the actinometry method with benzophenone, the reaction quantum yield was successfully estimated to be fairly large, and Trp, Tyr, DOPA and 4‐methylphenol were found to be a good proton donor for the carbanion. The formation rate constants of EBPH by the amino acids (kr) were also determined to be (2.7 ± 0.1) × 109 M−1s−1 for Trp and (7.8 ± 0.4) × 108 M−1s−1 for Tyr, which were larger than those by basic amino acids and dipeptides reported. The reason for the highly efficient proton transfer reaction with Trp and Tyr would be explained by difference of the activation energy for the reaction. These results suggest that the proton transfer should be a key process for an initial photoreaction of KP with a protein, causing photosensitization in vivo.
Statistical Corrections of Invalid Correlation Matrices
Authors: Løland Anders , Huseby Ragnar Bang , Hjort Nils Lid , Frigessi Arnoldo 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTSuppose estimates are available for correlations between pairs of variables but that the matrix of correlation estimates is not positive definite. In various applications, having a valid correlation matrix is important in connection with follow‐up analyses that might, for example, involve sampling from a valid distribution. We present new methods for adjusting the initial estimates to form a proper, that is, nonnegative definite, correlation matrix. These are based on constructing certain pseudo‐likelihood functions, formed by multiplying together exact or approximate likelihood contributions associated with the individual correlations. Such pseudo‐likelihoods may then be maximized over the range of proper correlation matrices. They may also be utilized to form pseudo‐posterior distributions for the unknown correlation matrix, by factoring in relevant prior information for the separate correlations. We illustrate our methods on two examples from a financial time series and genomic pathway analysis.
Ultraviolet radiation and nanoparticle induced intracellular free radicals generation measured in human keratinocytes by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Rancan F. , Nazemi B. , Rautenberg S. , Ryll M. , Hadam S. , Gao Q. , Hackbarth S. , Haag S. F. , Graf C. , Rühl E. , Blume‐Peytavi U. , Lademann J. , Vogt A. , Meinke M. C. 
Published: September 2013

BackgroundSeveral nanoparticle‐based formulations used in cosmetics and dermatology are exposed to sunlight once applied to the skin. Therefore, it is important to study possible synergistic effects of nanoparticles and ultraviolet radiation.MethodsElectron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) was used to detect intracellular free radicals induced by ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation and amorphous silica nanoparticle and to evaluate the influence of nanoparticle surface chemistry on particle cytotoxicity toward HaCaT cells. Uncoated titanium dioxide nanoparticles served as positive control. In addition, particle intracellular uptake, viability, and induction of interleukin‐6 were measured.ResultsWe found that photo‐activated titanium dioxide particles induced a significant amount of intracellular free radicals. On the contrary, no intracellular free radicals were generated by the investigated silica nanoparticles in the dark as well as under UVB radiation. However, under UVB exposure, the non‐functionalized silica nanoparticles altered the release of IL‐6. At the same concentrations, the amino‐functionalized silica nanoparticles had no influence on UVB‐induced IL‐6 release.ConclusionEPR spectroscopy is a useful technique to measure nanoparticle‐induced intracellular free radicals. Non‐toxic concentrations of silica particles enhanced the toxicity of UVB radiation. This synergistic effect was not mediated by particle‐generated free radicals and correlated with particle surface charge and intracellular distribution.
Ethnic differences in objective and subjective skin irritation response: an international study
Authors: Lee E. , Kim S. , Lee J. , Cho S‐A. , Shin K. 
Published: September 2013

BackgroundDue to global marketing in the cosmetics industry, it is important to assess ethnic population susceptibility when evaluating the safety of cosmetic products or chemicals.ObjectivesTo investigate ethnic variations in skin irritation response to positive irritants.MethodsClinical testing was performed in four countries on two ethnic groups – Asian and Caucasian. We performed patch tests on the subjects’ back with 0.5% aqueous sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and 0.15% retinol prepared in 1,3‐butylene glycol. Stinging tests were performed using 5% aqueous lactic acid and 0.001% (w/v) capsaicin prepared in 10% ethanol solution separately.ResultsThe incidence of self‐perceived skin sensitivity was similar in the two ethnic groups. However, the incidence of adverse skin reaction to cosmetics appeared significantly higher in Asian (33.0%) than in Caucasian subjects (11.3%). For standard positive irritants such as 0.5% aqueous SLS solution, Asian subjects showed significantly higher scores than Caucasian subjects. The incidence of positive reaction to the 0.15% retinol patch test tended to be higher in Asian than in Caucasian subjects. Our data also showed that neurosensitivity to 5% lactic acid and 0.001% capsaicin was higher in Asian than in Caucasian subjects.ConclusionAlthough self‐reported skin sensitivity does not appear to differ according to ethnicity, there are ethnic differences in objective and subjective skin irritation responses to several standard positive materials.
Minimal effect of bortezomib in reducing anti‐pig antibodies in human leukocyte antigen‐sensitized patients: a pilot study
Authors: Hara Hidetaka , Bentall Andrew , Long Cassandra , Fang Jason , Andreyev Oleg , Lunz John , Ezzelarab Mohamed , Abu‐Elmagd Kareem M. , Shapiro Ron , Ayares David , Stegall Mark , Cooper David K. C. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackgroundBortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor used to treat multiple myeloma, has been administered (± plasma exchange ± intravenous immunoglobulin [IVIg]) in attempts to reduce antibodies against human leukocyte antigens (HLA) in sensitized patients undergoing organ transplantation. To our knowledge, bortezomib has not been investigated for its effect on natural anti‐pig antibodies. If bortezomib could reduce the production of anti‐pig antibodies, this would likely be beneficial to the outcome of pig organ grafts in primates.MethodsNine patients received bortezomib either to reduce anti‐HLA antibody levels before organ allotransplantation or to treat antibody‐mediated rejection. Patients at the Mayo Clinic (Group 1; n = 4) received bortezomib alone, whereas at the UPMC (Group 2; n = 5), this was combined with plasmaphereses ± IVIg in some cases. Anti‐pig IgM and IgG levels against wild‐type (WT) and α1,3‐galactosyltransferase gene knockout (GTKO) pig aortic endothelial cells (flow cytometry—relative mean fluorescence intensity) and anti‐Gal IgM and IgG (ELISA–OD480 nm) were measured pre‐ and post‐bortezomib therapy.ResultsMean anti‐pig IgM levels were 11.2 (WT) and 1.9 (GTKO) pre‐bortezomib treatment and 9.4 (WT: P = 0.02) and 1.7 (GTKO: P = 0.33) post‐bortezomib treatment, respectively. Mean anti‐pig IgG levels were 4.3 (WT) and 1.5 (GTKO) pre‐bortezomib treatment and 3.6 (WT: P = 0.21) and 1.4 (GTKO: P = 0.20) post‐bortezomib treatment, respectively. Mean anti‐Gal IgM and IgG levels were 0.7 and 1.1, respectively, pre‐treatment, and 0.6 (P = 0.03) and 1.1 (NS), respectively, post‐treatment. When the data were analyzed in Groups 1 and 2 separately, there were no significant differences between the pre‐ and post‐bortezomib levels of anti‐pig, anti‐non‐Gal, or anti‐Gal IgM or IgG.ConclusionsFrom this limited study, we conclude that bortezomib might reduce anti‐Gal IgM levels in primates, but, in this respect alone, is unlikely to have any significant effect on the outcome of GTKO pig organ transplantation.
Species delimitation and DNA barcoding of Atlantic Ensis (Bivalvia, Pharidae)
Authors: Vierna Joaquín , Cuperus Joël , Martínez‐Lage Andrés , Jansen Jeroen M. , Perina Alejandra , Van Pelt Hilde , González‐Tizón Ana M. 
Published: September 2013

Ensis Schumacher, 1817 razor shells occur at both sides of the Atlantic and along the Pacific coasts of tropical west America, Peru, and Chile. Many of them are marketed in various regions. However, the absence of clear autapomorphies in the shell and the sympatric distributions of some species often prevent a correct identification of specimens. As a consequence, populations cannot be properly managed, and edible species are almost always mislabelled along the production chain. In this work, we studied whether the currently accepted Atlantic Ensis morphospecies are different evolutionary lineages, to clarify their taxonomic status and enable molecular identifications through DNA barcoding. For this, we studied 109 specimens sampled at 27 sites, which were identified as belonging to nine of those morphospecies. We analysed nucleotide variation at four nuclear (18S, 5.8S, ITS1, and ITS2) and two mitochondrial (COI and 16S) regions, although the 18S and 5.8S regions were not informative at the species level and were not further considered. The phylogenetic trees and networks obtained supported all morphospecies as separately evolving lineages. Phylogenetic trees recovered Ensis at each side of the Atlantic as reciprocally monophyletic. Remarkably, we confirm the co‐occurrence of the morphologically similar E. minor (Chenu, 1843) and E. siliqua (Linné, 1758) along the NW Iberian coast, a fact that has been often overlooked. In South America, a relevant divergence between E. macha (Molina, 1792) individuals from Chile and Argentina was unveiled and suggests incipient speciation. We also confirm the occurrence of the North American species E. directus (Conrad, 1843) as far south as north‐eastern Florida. Among the genomic regions analysed, we suggest COI as the most suitable DNA barcode for Atlantic Ensis. Our results will contribute to the conservation and management of Ensis populations and will enable reliable identifications of the edible species, even in the absence of the valves. The name Ensis coseli Vierna nom. nov. is proposed to replace E. minor Dall, 1899 non (Chenu, 1843).
HCN1 channels in cerebellar Purkinje cells promote late stages of learning and constrain synaptic inhibition
Authors: Rinaldi Arianna , Defterali Cagla , Mialot Antoine , Garden Derek L. F. , Beraneck Mathieu , Nolan Matthew F. 
Published: September 2013

Key points
Purkinje cells in the cerebellum are important for motor learning and have electrical signalling properties determined by several different types of ion channel.
Using a restricted genetic deletion, we investigate the roles of HCN1 ion channels expressed by cerebellar Purkinje cells.
This deletion causes specific learning impairments in a subset of behaviours to which Purkinje cells contribute.
At a cellular level this specificity of function is mirrored by increases in the duration of responses to inhibitory synaptic input, without changes in responses to excitatory synaptic input activated in the absence of inhibition.
The results help us to understand how behaviours are influenced by ion channels important for aspects of computation in a defined neuronal cell type.
Abstract  Neural computations rely on ion channels that modify neuronal responses to synaptic inputs. While single cell recordings suggest diverse and neurone type‐specific computational functions for HCN1 channels, their behavioural roles in any single neurone type are not clear. Using a battery of behavioural assays, including analysis of motor learning in vestibulo‐ocular reflex and rotarod tests, we find that deletion of HCN1 channels from cerebellar Purkinje cells selectively impairs late stages of motor learning. Because deletion of HCN1 modifies only a subset of behaviours involving Purkinje cells, we asked whether the channel also has functional specificity at a cellular level. We find that HCN1 channels in cerebellar Purkinje cells reduce the duration of inhibitory synaptic responses but, in the absence of membrane hyperpolarization, do not affect responses to excitatory inputs. Our results indicate that manipulation of subthreshold computation in a single neurone type causes specific modifications to behaviour.
Sign‐preserving and sign‐inverting synaptic interactions between rod and cone photoreceptors in the dark‐adapted retina
Authors: Gao Fan , Pang Ji‐Jie , Wu Samuel M. 
Published: September 2013

Key points
Five types of rods and cones in the dark‐adapted salamander retina are electrically coupled with linear and symmetrical junctional conductances Gj of different average values.
The average Gj values of the five types of rod–cone pairs recorded at day and night times suggest that the the circadian‐dependent changes in rod–cone coupling observed in the fish and rodent retinas are not present in the tiger salamander.
In addition to rod–cone coupling, there is a sign‐inverting, unidirectional rod→cone current IRC, and the current–voltage (IRC–VCone) relations are linear, with a reversal potential near the chloride reversal potential ECl.
I
RC can be observed in rods and cones separated by at least 260 μm, and its waveform resembles that of the rod‐elicited horizontal cell (HC) response IHC; a glutamate transporter‐associated chloride channel blocker TBOA suppresses IRC without affecting IHC.
These results suggest that IRC is largely mediated by HCs via a sign‐inverting feedback chemical synapse associated with a chloride channel in cones.
Abstract  We show that various types of rods and cones in the dark‐adapted salamander retina are electrically coupled with linear and symmetrical junctional conductances Gj (40–223 pS) and a rank order: RodC–large single cone, rod–large single cone, rod–small single cone, rod–accessory double cone and rod–principal double cone. By systematically comparing the transjunctional current–voltage (Ij–Vj) relations and average Gj values of the five types of rod–cone pairs recorded at day and night times, our results suggest that the differences in Gj values among various types of rod–cone pairs are not caused by circadian differences, and the circadian‐dependent changes in rod–cone coupling observed in the fish and rodent retinas are not present in the tiger salamander. In addition to rod–cone coupling, there is a sign‐inverting, unidirectional rod→cone current IRC, and the IRC–VCone relations are linear, with a reversal potential near the chloride reversal potential ECl. IRC can be observed in rods and cones separated by at least 260 μm, and its waveform resembles that of the rod‐elicited horizontal cell (HC) response IHC. A glutamate transporter‐associated chloride channel blocker TBOA suppresses IRC but not IHC. These results suggest that IRC is largely mediated by HCs via a sign‐inverting feedback chemical synapse associated with a chloride channel. IRC significantly reduced rod→cone coupling in the frequency range below 15 Hz, allowing better separation of rod and cone signals in the dark‐adapted retina.