bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavioural Investigative Advice: Assistance to Investigative Decision‐making in Difficult‐to‐detect Murder
Authors: Cole Terri , Brown Jennifer 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis paper considers the role of a Behavioural Investigative Adviser (BIA) in assisting with the decision‐making of a Senior Investigating Officer (SIO) in difficult‐to‐detect murder investigations. It outlines the need for transparent evidence‐based decision‐making from both the SIO and the BIA. The paper then details a piece of relevant, applied research that can assist in this end. The research utilised a pragmatic psychology approach to analyse 312 detected murder cases from the Serious Crime Analysis Section database. Some significant patterns relating what is known about the offence at different stages of an investigation and inferences regarding the offender were found, indicating that certain offence information can lead to some reliable predictions and these can be refined as more information becomes available. However, the findings also indicate that base rate frequencies and a ‘best‐guess’ methodology may be as, if not more, useful than more complex statistical techniques when providing advice to investigations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lateral pharyngoplasty reduces nocturnal blood pressure in patients with obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: de Paula Soares Carolina F. , Cavichio Luciano , Cahali Michel B. 
Published: July 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo compare the values of 24‐hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), before and after lateral pharyngoplasty, and to investigate the influence of pre‐ and post‐treatment polysomnographic and anthropometric variations on changes in ABPM.Study DesignProspective study.MethodsArterial blood pressure with 24‐hour ABPM and nocturnal polysomnography were measured before and 6 months after surgery in 18 consecutively evaluated adults with OSA at a tertiary center.ResultsA total of 83.3% were normotensive patients. Nocturnal measurements showed a decrease of 5.3 mmHg in mean arterial pressure (MAP; P = .01), 7.4 mmHg in mean arterial systolic pressure (SP; P = .006), and 4.2 mmHg in mean arterial diastolic pressure (DP; P = .03), leading to significant reductions in all 24‐hour measurements: 3.6 mmHg in MAP, 4.8 mmHg in SP, and 2.9 mmHg in DP. There were also significant mean reductions in the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI), from 33.5 to 20.9 (P = .02), arousal index, from 31.6 to 16.7 (P = .005), and percentage of total sleep time with oxyhemoglobin saturation < 90%, from 10.6% to 0.9% (P = .008). No correlations were noted between the measurements of arterial blood pressure and polysomnographic or anthropometric variations.ConclusionsIn this small case series, lateral pharyngoplasty reduced the values obtained in the 24‐hour ABPM due to a significant reduction of blood pressures during sleep in patients with OSA 6 months after surgery. Although the patients presented with reductions in AHI, arousals, and desaturation time, this was not correlated with the improvement in arterial blood pressure.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 124:311–316, 2014
18‐FDG‐PET in the initial staging of sinonasal malignancy
Authors: Ramakrishnan Vijay R. , Lee Jennifer Y. , O'Malley Bert W. , Palmer James N. , Chiu Alexander G. 
Published: July 2013

Objectives/HypothesisThe utility of fluorine‐18 fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography (PET) has been gradually defined for most head and neck cancers, However, its utility in the initial diagnosis of sinonasal malignancy has not been extensively studied. The aim of this study was to determine if PET scanning accurately diagnoses and stages malignant sinonasal lesions and if maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) correlates with clinically advanced disease.Study DesignRetrospective chart review.MethodsThere were 51 patients with sinonasal malignancy who underwent diagnostic whole body PET or PET‐computed tomography scans that were analyzed for patient and disease characteristics, SUVmax, and staging.ResultsOf the 51 patients, 48 scans were positive at the primary site, with a sensitivity of 94%. Four patients were found to have intensely avid uptake, in which the numerical SUVmax was not documented, and three patients did not have any uptake in the region of their tumor. Mean SUVmax at the primary site was 16.1 (range, 3.1–59). Metastasis was detected in 31% (16/51) of the patients. There was a potential positive correlation between SUVmax at the primary site and detection of metastasis on univariate analysis (r = 0.19, P = .09), but on multivariate analysis, SUVmax was not found to correlate with T staging or metastasis.ConclusionsFor diagnosis of sinonasal malignancy, PET scans have a high sensitivity, although false negatives occurred in 6% of cases. PET scanning detected metastasis in 31% of patients, but SUVmax did not function as a marker for clinically advanced disease. The role of diagnostic PET for sinonasal malignancy is currently limited to cases with a high suspicion of metastatic disease.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 123:2962–2966, 2013
Beyond the nasoseptal flap: Outcomes and pearls with secondary flaps in endoscopic endonasal skull base reconstruction
Authors: Patel Mihir R. , Taylor Robert J. , Hackman Trevor G. , Germanwala Anand V. , Sasaki‐Adams Deanna , Ewend Matthew G. , Zanation Adam M. 
Published: July 2013

Objectives/HypothesisEndoscopic endonasal skull base surgery defects require effective reconstruction. Although the nasoseptal flap (NSF) has become our institution's workhorse for large skull base defects with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks, situations where it is unavailable require secondary flaps. Clinical outcomes, pearls and pitfalls, and an algorithm will be presented for these secondary flaps.Study DesignClinical case series.MethodsMedical records of all endoscopic endonasal skull base surgeries at a tertiary care academic medical center were reviewed for skull base defect type, reconstruction method, CSF leak rate, and flap necrosis rate.ResultsOf 330 flaps for reconstructing endoscopic endonasal skull base defects, secondary flaps were used in 34 cases (10%). These included 16 endoscopic‐assisted pericranial flaps, seven tunneled temporoparietal fascia flaps, three inferior turbinate flaps, two middle turbinate flaps, two anterior lateral nasal wall flaps, two palatal flaps, one occipital flap, and one facial artery buccinator flap. There were 19 anterior cranial fossa defects, 10 clival defects, three sellar defects, and one frontal and one lateral orbit/middle fossa defect. Twenty‐five of the 34 cases (73.5%) had either prior or postoperative radiation therapy. The most common pathology was sinonasal cancer, with 16 cases (47.1%). The postoperative CSF leak rate was 3.6% due to one middle turbinate flap necrosis.ConclusionsSecondary flaps for skull base reconstruction can be harvested with minimally invasive techniques and demonstrate excellent success rates (97%) that are comparable to that of the NSF (>95%). Multiple flaps for complex skull base defects should be in the armamentarium of comprehensive skull base surgery centers.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 124:846–852, 2014
Stenting of the eustachian tube to prevent otitis media with effusion after maxillary swing approach nasopharyngectomy
Authors: Ho Ambrose Chung‐Wai , Chan Jimmy Yu‐Wai , Ng Raymond Wai‐Man , Ho Wai‐Kuen , Wei William Ignace 
Published: July 2013

Objectives/HypothesisOur previous report recommended that the management of ipsilateral otitis media with effusion (OME) after maxillary swing nasopharyngectomy was observation. The idea of introducing a stent into the eustachian tube (ET) at the nasopharyngeal side after nasopharyngectomy may prevent postoperative OME. The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility of intraoperative ET stenting and the efficacy of preventing ipsilateral OME formation.Study DesignProspective cohort study.MethodsFrom 2009 to 2011, 28 patients with nasopharyngectomy via the maxillary swing approach were recruited. Patients with curative resection were recruited (n = 21). ET stenting was performed intraoperatively using a 16‐gauge Angiocath (BD Medical Systems, Franklin Lakes, NJ) with dimensions of 1.7 mm × 30 mm. The stent stays inplace indefinitely. The otologic status was evaluated using otoscopy, pure‐tone audiogram, and tympanogram at 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after the surgery. The outcomes were analyzed and compared with historical control.ResultsThere were 9 (43%) patients with no OME at 6 months after surgery, and 15 (71%) patients had no OME at 1 year postoperatively. The results were statistically significant (P < .0001) when compared with our historical control of no ET stenting. There was no incidence of adverse effects of the stenting, such as acute otitis media, dislodgement of the stent, otalgia, and nasal pain.ConclusionsET stenting was feasible after nasopharyngectomy. ET stenting prevented a significant number of patients from suffering from ipsilateral OME and alleviated the symptoms of unilateral aural fullness and unilateral conductive hearing impairment up to at least 1 year after the surgery. ET stenting is recommended in all patients after maxillary swing nasopharyngectomy.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 124:139–144, 2014
Nasal tip support: A finite element analysis of the role of the caudal septum during tip depression
Authors: Manuel Cyrus T. , Leary Ryan , Protsenko Dmitriy E. , Wong Brian J. F. 
Published: July 2013

Objectives/HypothesisAlthough minor and major tip support mechanisms have been described in detail, no quantitative models exist to provide support for the relative contributions of the structural properties of the major alar cartilage, the fibrous attachments to surrounding structures, and the rigid support structures in an objective manner.Study DesignThe finite element method was used to compute the stress distribution in the nose during simple tip compression, and then identify the specific anatomic structures that resist deformation and thus contribute to tip support. Additionally, the impact of caudal septal resection on nasal tip support was examined.MethodsThe computer models consisted of three tissue components with anatomically correct geometries for skin and bone derived from computed tomographic data. Septum, upper lateral cartilages, and major alar cartilages were fitted within the model using three‐dimensional computer‐aided design software. Five‐millimeter nasal tip compression was performed on the models with caudal septal resection (3 and 5 mm) and without resection to simulate palpation, then the resulting spatial distribution of stress and displacement was calculated.ResultsThe von Mises stress in the normal model was primarily concentrated along the medial crural angle. As caudal septum length was reduced, stress was redistributed to adjacent soft tissue and bone, resulting in less force acting on the septum. In all models, displacement was greatest near the intermediate crura.ConclusionsThese models are the first step in the comprehensive mechanical analysis of nasal tip dynamics. Our model supports the concept of the caudal septum and major alar cartilage providing the majority of critical load‐bearing support.Level of EvidenceN/A Laryngoscope, 124:649–654, 2014
Corticosteroids directly reduce Staphylococcus aureus biofilm growth: An in vitro study
Authors: Goggin Rachel , Jardeleza Camille , Wormald Peter‐John , Vreugde Sarah 
Published: July 2013

Objectives/HypothesisClinical improvement in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) treated with steroids alone has previously been ascribed to the steroids' anti‐inflammatory properties rather than any direct effect on the bacteria. The aim of this study was to determine if commonly used intranasal steroids directly reduce bacterial biofilm production in vitro.Study DesignIn vitro comparative controlled trial.MethodsStaphylococcus aureus biofilms were grown on minimum biofilm eradication concentration device pegs and treated with the commonly prescribed CRS topical steroids fluticasone, mometasone, or budesonide. These were dissolved in vehicle solvents and added to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) broth. Concentrations (including therapeutic doses) tested for fluticasone and mometasone ranged from 25 μg/200 μL to 400 μg/200 μL, and from 16 μg/200 μL to 2000 μg/200 μL for budesonide. Control pegs were exposed to equivalent volumes of the appropriate solvent/CSF broth. Confocal scanning laser microscopy and COMSTAT software were used to quantify biofilms at 24 hours after treatment.ResultsSignificant differences from control were found for fluticasone at 400 μg/200 μL (difference = −0.3065 μm3/μm2, P = .007), mometasone at 300 μg/200 μL and 400 μg/200 μL (difference = −0.15 μm3/μm2, P = .006, and difference = −0.9193 μm3/μm2, P = .034, respectively), and budesonide at 750 μg/200 μL, 1000 μg/200 μL and 2000 μg/200 μL (difference = −1.0137 μm3/μm2, P = .038, difference = −0.6164, P = .009, and difference = −0.1906 μm3/μm2, P = .029, respectively).ConclusionsThe concentrations of 400 μg/200 μL of fluticasone, 300 μg and 400 μg/200 μL of mometasone, and 750 μg, 1,000μg, and 2,000 μg/200 μL of budesonide directly reduce biofilm production in vitro, outside of the inflammatory milieu.Level of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 124:602–607, 2014
Synthesis of a Donor–Acceptor Diblock Copolymer via Two Mechanistically Distinct, Sequential Polymerizations Using a Single Catalyst
Authors: Ono Robert J. , Todd Alexander D. , Hu Zhongjian , Vanden Bout David A. , Bielawski Christopher W. 
Published: July 2013

Treatment of a Ni‐terminated poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT), generated in situ from 5‐chloromagnesio‐2‐bromo‐3‐hexylthiophene and Ni(1,3‐bis(diphenylphosphino)propane)Cl2, with a perylene diimide‐functionalized arylisocyanide monomer effects a chain‐extension polymerization to afford a donor–acceptor diblock copolymer using a single catalyst and in a single reaction vessel. The two mechanistically distinct polymerizations proceed in a controlled, chain growth fashion, allowing the molecular weight of both the P3HT and poly(isocyanide) blocks to be tuned by adjusting the initial monomer‐to‐catalyst ratios. The resulting materials are found to self‐assemble into crystalline, lamellar stacks of donor and acceptor components in the solid state, and also exhibit fluorescence quenching in thin films, properties which poise these materials for use in organic photovoltaic applications.
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Acyclic Diene Metathesis Polymerization and Heck Polymer–Polymer Conjugation for the Synthesis of Star‐shaped Block Copolymers
Authors: de Espinosa Lucas Montero , Winkler Matthias , Meier Michael A. R. 
Published: July 2013

Three‐ and four‐arm star shaped polymers, as well as diblock copolymers, are synthesized via acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) polymerization. This is accomplished by using an asymmetric α,ω‐diene containing a terminal double bond and an acrylate, which is polymerized in the presence of multifunctional acrylates as selective and irreversible chain transfer agents using Hoveyda‐Grubbs second generation catalyst. High cross‐metathesis selectivities are achieved at low temperatures enabling good control over molecular weights. Furthermore, additional polyethyleneglycol (PEG) blocks are attached to these polymers via Heck coupling of the acrylate end‐groups of these polymers with aryl iodide functionalized PEG, obtaining three‐ and four‐arm star shaped di‐ and triblock copolymers with molecular weights up to 31 kDa.
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Anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH), inhibin‐α, growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9), and bone morphogenic protein‐15 (BMP15) mRNA and protein are influenced by photoperiod‐induced ovarian regression and recrudescence in Siberian hamster ovaries
Authors: Shahed Asha , Young Kelly A. 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYExposure of Siberian hamsters to short photoperiod (SD) inhibits ovarian function, including folliculogenesis, whereas function is restored with their transfer to long photoperiods (LD). To investigate the mechanism of photo‐stimulated recrudescence, we assessed key folliculogenic factors–anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH), inhibin‐α, growth differentiation factor‐9 (GDF9), and bone morphogenic protein‐15 (BMP15)–across the estrus cycle and in photo‐regressed and recrudescing ovaries. Adult hamsters were exposed to either LD or SD for 14 weeks, which respectively represent functional and regressed ovaries. Select regressed hamsters were transferred back to LD for 2 (post‐transfer week 2; PTw2) or 8 weeks (PTw8). Ovaries were collected and fixed in formalin for immunohistochemistry or frozen in liquid nitrogen for real‐time PCR. AMH, inhibin‐α, GDF9, and BMP15 mRNA and protein were detected in all stages of the estrus cycle. Fourteen weeks of SD exposure increased (P < 0.05) ovarian AMH, GDF9, and BMP15, but not inhibin‐α mRNA levels as compared to LD. Transfer of regressed hamsters to stimulatory long photoperiod for 8 weeks returned AMH and GDF9 mRNA levels to LD‐treated levels, and further increased mRNA levels for inhibin‐α and BMP15. Immunostaining for AMH, inhibin‐α, GDF9, and BMP15 proteins was most intense in preantral/antral follicles and oocytes. The overall immunostaining extent for AMH and inhibin‐α generally mirrored the mRNA data, though no changes were observed for GDF9 or BMP15 immunostaining. Shifts in mRNA and protein levels across photoperiod conditions suggest possible syncretic roles for these folliculogenic factors in photo‐stimulated recrudescence via potential regulation of follicle recruitment, preservation, and development. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 80: 895–907, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Expression dynamics of pluripotency genes in chicken primordial germ cells before and after colonization of the genital ridges
Authors: Naeemipour Mohsen , Dehghani Hesam , Bassami Mohammadreza , Bahrami Ahmadreza 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYMammalian species utilize an inductive mechanism of germ cell specification, diverting the fate of some of somatic cells toward pluripotency and germ‐cell totipotency. It is not known if avian species utilize a similar mechanism nor if, analogous to mammalian primordial germ cells (PGCs), pluripotency genes are continuously upregulated in migrating and genital ridge‐colonizing avian PGCs. Thus, this study was conducted to quantify and to analyze the expression profile of pluripotency genes at different stages of chicken PGCs development at Hamburger and Hamilton (HH) stage 14, when the majority of PGCs have entered into the bloodstream; at HH stage 18, when PGCs have resided for 8–12 hr in the bloodstream; and at HH stage 28, when the majority of PGCs are found in the genital ridge. The transcription for Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog continuously decreased from HH stage 14 to HH stage 28. In addition, equal amounts of total RNA could be isolated from chicken PGCs at each stage of development, indicating that the observed drop of transcription of pluripotency genes is not a consequence of transcriptional repression in general. Decreased expression for all three proteins was also observed at HH stage 28. Furthermore, in comparison to blood PGCs, those residing in the gonad have lost their full capacity for colony formation. Our results indicate that, in contrast to mammalian PGCs, chicken PGCs continuously downregulate the expression of pluripotency genes and show a progressive loss of pluripotency‐associated features during different stages of germ‐line migration. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 80: 849–861, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synchronization in heterogeneous networks of discrete‐time introspective right‐invertible agents
Authors: Wang Xu , Saberi Ali , Yang Tao 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYThis paper studies output synchronization problem, formation problem, and regulated synchronization problem for a heterogenous network of discrete‐time introspective right‐invertible agents. We first propose a decentralized control scheme to solve the output synchronization problem for a set of communication topologies. Moreover, if the synchronization trajectories are assumed to be bounded, a universal controller can be constructed for all communication topologies, which contain a directed spanning tree. The design can be applied to solve the formation problem with arbitrary formation vectors. In the regulated synchronization problem, we assume only the root receives information from exosystem. We then design a decentralized controller to solve the problem for a set of communication topologies. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative Evaluation of Intestinal Nitric Oxide in Embryonic Zebrafish Exposed to Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Özel Rıfat Emrah , Alkasir Ramiz S. J. , Ray Kayla , Wallace Kenneth N. , Andreescu Silvana 
Published: July 2013

AbstractNanoparticle (NP) exposure may induce oxidative stress through generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which can lead to cellular and tissue damage. The digestive system is one of the initial organs affected by NP exposure. Here, it is demonstrated that exposure to metal oxide NPs induces differential changes in zebrafish intestinal NO concentrations. Intestinal NO concentrations are quantified electrochemically with a carbon fiber microelectrode inserted in the intestine of live embryos. Specificity of the electrochemical signals is demonstrated by NO‐specific pharmacological manipulations and the results are correlated with the 4,5‐diaminofluorescein‐diacetate (DAF‐FM‐DA). NPs are demonstrated to either induce or reduce physiological NO levels depending on their redox reactivity, type and dose. NO level is altered following exposure of zebrafish embryos to CuO and CeO2 NPs at various stages and concentrations. CuO NPs increase NO concentration, suggesting an intestinal oxidative damage. In contrast, low CeO2 NP concentration exposure significantly reduces NO levels, suggesting NO scavenging activity. However, high concentration exposure results in increased NO. Alterations in NO concentration suggest changes in intestinal physiology and oxidative stress, which will ultimately correspond to NPs toxicity. This work also demonstrates the use of electrochemistry to monitor in vivo changes of NO within zebrafish organs.