bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental determinism of community structure across trophic levels: moth assemblages and substrate type in the rain forests of south-western China
Authors: Kitching R. L. , Nakamura A. , Yasuda M. , Hughes A. C. , Min Cao 
Published: October 2014

Abstract:Soil type may drive vegetation structure. In turn, the richness, identity and diversity of arthropod herbivores may be related to plant diversity through specific host plant relationships in a location. We test the hypothesis that the soil type (calcicolous vs alluvial soils) will drive the assemblage structure of a dominant group of arthropod herbivores: the moths. We used sampling sites in rain-forest fragments in south-western China around the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Gardens (21°41′N, 101°25′E) to test this hypothesis. We used Pennsylvania style light traps to take point samples of macromoths and pyraloids from four sampling sites in forest remnants on a limestone geological base and four from alluvial-based forest. A total of 3165 moths (1739 from limestone-based and 1255 from alluvium-based forests) was collected representing 1255 species. The limestone-based sites showed statistically similar levels of species richness and other alpha diversity indices to the four alluvium-based site. Nevertheless the sites were clearly significantly different in terms of species composition. Analysis of contrasting similarity (‘beta’ diversity) indices suggested that there was ‘leakage’ between the two classes of sites when ‘rare’ species were emphasized in the calculations. We used an indicator value procedure to select species that most characterized this separation. We expect that these differences reflect associated changes in plant assemblage structure acting through the herbivorous habits of larval moths. Accordingly, in any assessment of landscape level diversity the nature of the substrate and its associated vegetation is clearly of great importance. This observation also has consequences for the design of conservation programmes.
Infant botulism due toC. butyricumtype E toxin: a novel environmental association with pet terrapins
Authors: SHELLEY E. B. , O'ROURKE D. , GRANT K. , McARDLE E. , CAPRA L. , CLARKE A. , McNAMARA E. , CUNNEY R. , McKEOWN P. , AMAR C. F. L. , COSGROVE C. , FITZGERALD M. , HARRINGTON P. , GARVEY P. , GRAINGER F. , GRIFFIN J. , LYNCH B. J. , McGRANE G. , MURPHY J. , NI SHUIBHNE N. , PROSSER J. 
Published: October 2014

SUMMARYWe describe two cases of infant botulism due toClostridium butyricumproducing botulinum type E neurotoxin (BoNT/E) and a previously unreported environmental source. The infants presented at age 11 days with poor feeding and lethargy, hypotonia, dilated pupils and absent reflexes. Faecal samples were positive forC. butyricumBoNT/E. The infants recovered after treatment including botulism immune globulin intravenous (BIG-IV).C. butyricumBoNT/E was isolated from water from tanks housing pet ‘yellow-bellied’ terrapins (Trachemys scripta scripta): in case A the terrapins were in the infant's home; in case B a relative fed the terrapin prior to holding and feeding the infant when both visited another relative.C. butyricumisolates from the infants and the respective terrapin tank waters were indistinguishable by molecular typing. Review of a case ofC. butyricumBoNT/E botulism in the UK found that there was a pet terrapin where the infant was living. It is concluded that theC. butyricum-producing BoNT type E in these cases of infant botulism most likely originated from pet terrapins. These findings reinforce public health advice that reptiles, including terrapins, are not suitable pets for children aged <5 years, and highlight the importance of hand washing after handling these pets.
Competing Visions of Love and Brotherhood: RewritingWar and Peacefor the Soviet Opera Stage
Authors: Berman Anna A. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWhen Sergei Prokofiev chose to adaptWar and Peacefor the Soviet opera stage in the 1940s, he faced both operatic conventions and Soviet ideological demands that ran counter to the philosophy and structure of Tolstoy’s sprawling masterpiece. Prokofiev’s early decision to split his opera intoPeaceandWar, making the first a romantic love story of individuals and the second a collective story of the people’s love for Mother Russia, marked a major divergence from Tolstoy. This article explores how Prokofiev reworked Tolstoy’s philosophy of love and human connection to make his opera acceptable for the Soviet stage. Moving away from Tolstoy’s family ideal inPeace, with its basis on intimate sibling bonds, Prokofiev shifted the family toWar, turning it into a national Russian family of Father Kutuzov, Mother Russia and their children – the Russian people. The opera uses choral glorification of these heroic parents to foster on a national scale the type of intimacy Tolstoy had advocated in the home.
Chemical Quantification of Atomic-Scale EDS Maps under Thin Specimen Conditions
Authors: Lu Ping , Romero Eric , Lee Shinbuhm , MacManus-Driscoll Judith L. , Jia Quanxi 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe report our effort to quantify atomic-scale chemical maps obtained by collecting energy-dispersive X-ray spectra (EDS) using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) (STEM-EDS). With thin specimen conditions and localized EDS scattering potential, the X-ray counts from atomic columns can be properly counted by fitting Gaussian peaks at the atomic columns, and can then be used for site-by-site chemical quantification. The effects of specimen thickness and X-ray energy on the Gaussian peak width are investigated using SrTiO3 (STO) as a model specimen. The relationship between the peak width and spatial resolution of an EDS map is also studied. Furthermore, the method developed by this work is applied to study cation occupancy in a Sm-doped STO thin film and antiphase boundaries (APBs) present within the STO film. We find that Sm atoms occupy both Sr and Ti sites but preferably the Sr sites, and Sm atoms are relatively depleted at the APBs likely owing to the effect of strain.
Continents and consequences: the history of a concept
Authors: Yearwood Peter J. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractOriginally intended to provide an accessible overview for colleagues in Papua New Guinea, this article outlines the emergence of the continental division of the world in classical antiquity. In medieval Europe this survived as a learned conception which eventually acquired emotional content. Nevertheless, the division was still within the context of universal Christianity, which did not privilege any continent. Contrary to the views of recent critics, the European sense of world geography was not inherently ‘Eurocentric’. While Europeans did develop a sense of continental superiority, Americans, Africans, and many Asians also came to identify themselves with their continents and to use them as weapons against European domination. The application of the division to Melanesia is also considered.
Nightsoil and the ‘Great Divergence’: human waste, the urban economy, and economic productivity, 1500–1900
Authors: Ferguson Dean T. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe use of nightsoil, a Victorian euphemism for human faeces and urine, has for some time been recognized as an important feature of Chinese and Japanese agricultural practice. The importance of the work of nightsoil men and women in early modern and modern cities in other parts of the world has not been the subject of much attention, however, nor has the significance of the differential use of human waste. This article explores the varied ways in which nightsoil men and women organized their work in cities around the world in the period from 1500 to 1900. It also examines the ways in which East Asian and South Asian conservancy systems and the consequent development of markets in human manure contributed materially to Asian advantages in agriculture, sanitation, and textile production. European urban authorities, reformers, and scientists initially responded to this challenge with similar efforts to conserve human waste and use it in farming, but these efforts remained small-scale, and in the nineteenth century Europeans turned to chemically synthesized fertilizers.
The Chinese International of Nationalities: the Chinese Communist Party, the Comintern, and the foundation of the Malayan National Communist Party, 1923–1939
Authors: Belogurova Anna 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn the global ideological movements of the early twentieth century, notably communism, new political concepts moved across different cultures. Together with the process of internationalization, this led to problems concerning the translation and interpretation of linguistic terms. Based on little-studied sources deposited in the Comintern archive in Moscow, this article shows that, although the members of the newly formed Malayan Communist Party (1930) were virtually all Chinese, it became the first organization to discuss directly the possibility of a multi-ethnic Malayan nation within the borders of the Malay Peninsula. As the Comintern encouraged the establishment of ‘national’ communist parties, the ambiguity of the Chinese wordminzuresulted in the emergence of a discourse regarding the Malayan ‘nation’, which would be liberated from colonialism under communist leadership.
Britain, India, and the United Nations: colonialism and the development of international governance, 1945–1960
Authors: Gorman Daniel 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis article argues that the manner by which colonial societies achieved independence as sovereign states in the late 1940s and 1950s fundamentally shaped the parallel emergence of ideas and institutions of international governance, particularly at the newly created United Nations. Using Anglo-Indian relations as its primary focus, it argues that the internationalization of imperialism was particularly evident in two areas: postcolonial states’ negotiation of relations with their former colonial power within the UN system; and the influence of colonialism on international governance, particularly through the idea and practice of planning. The article assesses these developments through an analysis of British debates about United Nations membership for postcolonial states, India's role at the San Francisco Conference in 1945 where the United Nations was formed, India's campaign for a seat on the Security Council and its engagement with ECOSOC, the applicability of existing international conventions to postcolonial states, and the transfer of the ideal of planning from colonial to international governance.
Germline variants in the SEMA4A gene predispose to familial colorectal cancer type X
Authors: Schulz Eduard , Klampfl Petra , Holzapfel Stefanie , Janecke Andreas R. , Ulz Peter , Renner Wilfried , Kashofer Karl , Nojima Satoshi , Leitner Anita , Zebisch Armin , Wölfler Albert , Hofer Sybille , Gerger Armin , Lax Sigurd , Beham-Schmid Christine , Steinke Verena , Heitzer Ellen , Geigl Jochen B. , Windpassinger Christian , Hoefler Gerald , Speicher Michael R. , Richard Boland C. , Kumanogoh Atsushi , Sill Heinz 
Published: October 2014

AbstractFamilial colorectal cancer type X (FCCTX) is characterized by clinical features of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer with a yet undefined genetic background. Here we identify the SEMA4A p.Val78Met germline mutation in an Austrian kindred with FCCTX, using an integrative genomics strategy. Compared with wild-type protein, SEMA4AV78M demonstrates significantly increased MAPK/Erk and PI3K/Akt signalling as well as cell cycle progression of SEMA4A-deficient HCT-116 colorectal cancer cells. In a cohort of 53 patients with FCCTX, we depict two further SEMA4A mutations, p.Gly484Ala and p.Ser326Phe and the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) p.Pro682Ser. This SNP is highly associated with the FCCTX phenotype exhibiting increased risk for colorectal cancer (OR 6.79, 95% CI 2.63 to 17.52). Our study shows previously unidentified germline variants in SEMA4A predisposing to FCCTX, which has implications for surveillance strategies of patients and their families.
Scrutinizing the datasets obtained from nanoscale features of spider silk fibres
Authors: Silva Luciano P , Rech Elibio L 
Published: October 2014

AbstractSpider silk fibres share unprecedented structural and mechanical properties which span from the macroscale to nanoscale and beyond. This is possible due to the molecular features of modular proteins termed spidroins. Thus, the investigation of the organizational scaffolds observed for spidroins in spider silk fibres is of paramount importance for reverse bioengineering. This dataset consists in describing a rational screening procedure to identify the nanoscale features of spider silk fibres. Using atomic force microscopy operated in multiple acquisition modes, we evaluated silk fibres from nine spider species. Here we present the complete results of the analyses and decrypted a number of novel features that could even rank the silk fibres according to desired mechanostructural features. This dataset will allow other researchers to select the most appropriate models for synthetic biology and also lead to better understanding of spider silk fibres extraordinary performance that is comparable to the best manmade materials.
Establishment of an experimental ferret ocular hypertension model for the analysis of central visual pathway damage
Authors: Fujishiro Takashi , Kawasaki Hiroshi , Aihara Makoto , Saeki Tadashiro , Ymagishi Reiko , Atarashi Takuya , Mayama Chihiro , Araie Makoto 
Published: October 2014

AbstractGlaucoma optic neuropathy (GON) is a condition where pathogenic intraocular pressure (IOP) results in axonal damage following retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death and further results in secondary damage of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). Therapeutic targets for glaucoma thus focus on both the LGN and RGC. However, the temporal and spatial patterns of degeneration and the mechanism of LGN damage have not been fully elucidated. Suitable and convenient ocular hypertension (OH) animal models with binocular vision comparable to that of monkeys are strongly needed. The ferret is relatively small mammal with binocular vision like humans – here we report on its suitability for investigating LGN. We developed a new method to elevate IOP by injection of cultured conjunctival cells into the anterior chamber to obstruct aqueous outflow. Histologically, cultured conjunctival cells successfully proliferated to occlude the angle and IOP was elevated for 13 weeks after injection. Macroscopically, the size of the eye gradually expanded. Subsequent enlargement of optic nerve head cupping and atrophic damage of LGN projected from the OH eye were clearly observed by anterograde staining with cholera toxin B. We believe the ferret may be a promising OH model to investigate secondary degeneration of central nervous system including LGN.
Reconstructing high-dimensional two-photon entangled states via compressive sensing
Authors: Tonolini Francesco , Chan Susan , Agnew Megan , Lindsay Alan , Leach Jonathan 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAccurately establishing the state of large-scale quantum systems is an important tool in quantum information science; however, the large number of unknown parameters hinders the rapid characterisation of such states and reconstruction procedures can become prohibitively time-consuming. Compressive sensing, a procedure for solving inverse problems by incorporating prior knowledge about the form of the solution, provides an attractive alternative to the problem of high-dimensional quantum state characterisation. Using a modified version of compressive sensing that incorporates the principles of singular value thresholding, we reconstruct the density matrix of a high-dimensional two-photon entangled system. The dimension of each photon is equal to d = 17, corresponding to a system of 83521 unknown real parameters. Accurate reconstruction is achieved with approximately 2500 measurements, only 3% of the total number of unknown parameters in the state. The algorithm we develop is fast, computationally inexpensive and applicable to a wide range of quantum states, thus demonstrating compressive sensing as an effective technique for measuring the state of large-scale quantum systems.
Atlantic Sturgeon Annual Spawning Run Estimate in the Pamunkey River, Virginia
Authors: Kahn J. E. , Hager C. , Watterson J. C. , Russo J. , Moore K. , Hartman K. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractOn February 6, 2012, the National Marine Fisheries Service listed five distinct population segments (DPSs) of Atlantic Sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus encompassing their entire U.S. range, including one DPS in Chesapeake Bay, as either threatened or endangered under the Endangered Species Act. Designation of DPSs is a management tool that identifies significant, discrete, geographically defined portions of a species’ range, which can be listed as unique management units. At the time of listing, all DPSs except the Chesapeake Bay DPS comprised several rivers with known reproduction. After the Chesapeake Bay DPS was established, an additional spawning population was confirmed in the Pamunkey River, which is part of the York River system. We used the Schumacher–Eschmeyer formula for multiple census to estimate the number of adult Atlantic Sturgeon that spawned in the Pamunkey River during 2013. Gill nets were placed between river kilometers 27 and 67 in the upper Pamunkey River for 10 weeks during spawning season. The Schumacher–Eschmeyer model gave an estimate of 75 adult Atlantic Sturgeon (95% confidence interval = 17–168 adults) for the 2013 spawning population. This study represents the first estimate of annual spawning population abundance for any river in the Chesapeake Bay DPS and is only the third estimate of Atlantic Sturgeon abundance rangewide.Received March 24, 2014; accepted July 14, 2014
The bigger society: considering lived consumption experiences in managing social change around obesity
Authors: Cronin James , McCarthy Mary , Brennan Mary , McCarthy Sinéad 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– This paper aims to argue that the limited success in addressing rising rates of obesity is underscored by health promotion practices and policies’ failure to consider the instrumental and symbolic functioning of food as part of identity formation, relationship construction and socio-cultural conditioning over consumers’ life course events. The aim of this paper is to ignite the power of critical approaches that seek social change through contextualising the subjectivities of obese individuals’ personal lived experiences with food.

Design/methodology/approach
– Taking a transformative consumer research approach which recognises the range of theories and paradigms required to comprehend and positively influence well-being, this paper draws on the work of Foucault and Bourdieu to study the discourses of 21 obese adult consumers.

Findings
– The research shows that food behaviours conducive to weight gain are enmeshed in participants’ biographies and everyday experiences across the arenas of identity, environment and the body. Transposable dispositions are formed across these arenas which often can be at odds with practices of self-care and frame how individuals use food in their responses to significant life occurrences.

Practical implications
– The findings provide an avenue to potentially guide policymakers in shaping health-promotion programmes which assist consumers in self-regulation without compromising their relational identities, interests and self-knowledge.

Originality/value
– This paper makes several important contributions to the managerial understanding of obesity, including the consideration of “obesogenecity” beyond its relativity to the temporal surroundings of “built” and social fields in the here and now, and more relative to the illimitable occasions, times, spaces or stages consumers traverse through their lives.
The effect of customer information during new product development on profits from goods and services
Authors: Witell Lars , Gustafsson Anders , D. Johnson Michael 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– This study aims to investigate how customer information obtained at different phases of a new product development (NPD) process influences profits from new offerings.

Design/methodology/approach
– A survey was conducted in the context of NPD in goods and services. A unique database was constructed that merged key informant survey responses with financial data for 244 firms. This database was used to replicate and extend previous research by posing a number of hypotheses regarding the role of obtaining customer information in NPD.

Findings
– The results show that obtaining customer information during NPD influences the profits from new offerings, which vary depending on the phase of the NPD process. The financial rewards from obtaining customer information for goods are highest in the early phases of the NPD process and decline in later phases. The financial rewards for services, on the other hand, are high in the early and late phases of the NPD process.

Research limitations/implications
– The research is based on a survey combined with objective financial data, that is, a combination of different data sources. The research would have benefitted from longer data series and a higher response rate.

Originality/value
– This study replicates and extends previous research by testing the role of obtaining customer information in both manufacturing and service firms by combining survey data with objective financial data.
The intertwined relationships of power, justice and dependence
Authors: J. Hoppner Jessica , A. Griffith David , Yeo ChangSeob 
Published: October 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this study, drawing from exchange theory, is to examine how the intertwined relationships between power, justice and relative dependence influence relationship performance in buyer – seller relationships.Design/methodology/approach– A two-wave structural equation model with latent variable interactions was estimated on a dataset of 283 buyer – seller relationships.Findings– Exercised coercive and reward power follow different processes, direct and indirect, to influence relationship performance. The use of coercion was found to be substantively more detrimental to the buyer – seller relationship than the use of rewards were beneficial. Relative dependence tempers the negative influence of coercion.Research limitations/implications– Managers of buyer – seller relationships need to be judicious in their use of coercion and rewards. In their efforts to manage relationship performance, whenever possible, managers should seek to avoid punishing their partner more so than they should seek to reward them.Originality/value– Although proposed under a single theoretical perspective, power and justice have developed as separate streams within the extant literature. Examining these constructs together can increase the current understanding of how to manage buyer – seller relationships.