bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A General Analytical Method for a Three‐Phase Line‐Start Permanent‐Magnet Synchronous Motor
Authors: Tsuboi Kazuo , Takegami Tsuneo , Hirotsuka Isao , Nakamura Masanori 
Published: August 2013

SummaryA line‐start permanent‐magnet synchronous motor (LSPMM) consists of a stator with symmetrical three‐phase armature windings and a salient pole rotor with a permanent magnet for excitation and a starting winding similar to the squirrel‐cage winding of an induction motor.In this paper, a general analytical method based on tensor analysis is proposed for practical performance calculation of a three‐phase LSPMM. The general equation for the currents of the three‐phase LSPMM is derived from the transient impedance tensor expressed in polyphase symmetry axes, and the general equation for vibratory and nonvibratory torques is derived from the current equation. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 185(4): 60–68, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21284
Design of Sensitivity Function of Multirate VCM Control System
Authors: Kisaka Masashi 
Published: August 2013

SummaryA method for designing a sensitivity function for a multiple‐input single‐output servo system is proposed. The method does not require weighting or weighting functions, unlike linear‐quadratic (LQ) or H∞ design. First, a controller candidate is derived by taking into consideration the robustness specification for the plant system. Then, the sensitivity function is derived from the gain specification of the sensitivity function. As the design of a multirate controller can be shown to be equivalent to a multiple‐input single‐output system, the method is employed to design a multirate VCM position control system. The multirate controller is designed such that at frequencies higher than the Nyquist frequency, the desired robustness is achieved. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 185(4): 53–59, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22296
Influence of High‐Frequency Leakage Current on Motor Position Control in PWM Inverter‐Fed Servo Drives
Authors: Tagami Kotaro , Ogasawara Satoshi 
Published: August 2013

SummaryAdvances in power semiconductor devices have contributed to the realization of high‐performance power converters and high‐precision motor positioning. However, high‐speed switching of power devices leads to a high‐frequency leakage current and/or electromagnetic interference (EMI). On the other hand, it has been considered that the leakage current has no relation to motor position control in servo drive systems. This paper analyzes the influence of high‐frequency leakage current on motor positioning and describes its mechanism. Experimental and simulation results show that high‐frequency leakage current may cause variations in the motor position with a frequency that is twice the line frequency. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 185(4): 33–43, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22479
Propagation of IG Current Underground Elucidated by Remanent Magnetization
Authors: Sakai Hideo , Nagata Shoichi , Masugata Katsumi 
Published: August 2013

SummaryIn our previous studies, we showed that the remanent magnetization of materials could be used to analyze lightning currents at ground level. In this study, using an IG (Impulse Generator) current as a model of lightning, we used remanent magnetization to investigate the underground propagation of IG currents. For this purpose, we dug a square hole with a side length of 80 cm and a depth of 13 cm and placed in it magnetic samples prepared using sea sand. After injecting an IG current of 530 A underground, the magnetization of these samples was measured.The directional distribution of magnetization was successfully used to analyze the circular magnetic field induced by the IG current and its transit point. Then the underground path of the IG current was determined to a depth of 12 cm. The current path was inclined by approximately 9° from the vertical direction, which may be attributed to a ground conductor being located east of the experimental area. To relate the magnetization intensity and the distance from the IG current, an inverse square relation was applied outside the area close to the transit point of the current.From the results obtained in this study, we conclude that the method using the remanent magnetization is useful for elucidating the polarity, intensity, and path of both IG and lightning currents underground. Further, the method of using remanent magnetization as a record of lightning currents may contribute to the development of an effective earth conductor for limiting damage caused by lightning. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 185(4): 1–8, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22484
Aerobic Multicomponent Tandem Synthesis of 3‐Sulfenylimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines from Ketones, 2‐Aminopyridines, and Disulfides
Authors: Ge Wenlei , Zhu Xun , Wei Yunyang 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAn aerobic CeCl3·7H2O/NaI‐catalyzed C–H functionalization reaction was developed for the synthesis of 3‐sulfenylimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines from easily available ketones, 2‐aminopyridines, and disulfides without DMSO or peroxide as an oxidant. This three‐component tandem reaction process involves the formation of imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines followed by Friedel–Crafts sulfenylation in one pot under mild conditions. Both aryl and alkyl ketones afforded the desired products in good to excellent yields without the presence of other additives.
Redox‐Filled Carbon‐Fiber Microelectrodes for Single‐Cell Exocytosis
Authors: Cox Jonathan T. , Gunderson Christopher G. , Zhang Bo 
Published: August 2013

AbstractCarbon‐fiber microelectrodes (CFEs) are the primary electroanalytical tool in single‐cell exocytosis and in vivo studies. Here we report a new study on the kinetic properties of electrolyte‐filled CFEs in single‐cell measurements and demonstrate that the addition of outer sphere redox species, such as Fe(CN)63− and Ru(NH3)63+, in the backfill electrolyte solution can greatly enhance the kinetic response of CFEs. We show that at 750 mV, a voltage normally applied for detection of dopamine, the presence of fast outer sphere redox species in the backfilling solution significantly enhances the kinetic response of CFEs toward fast dopamine detection at single PC12 cells. Moreover, we also demonstrate that the use of Fe(CN)63− in the backfilling solution has enabled direct measurement of dopamine at applied voltages as low as 200 mV. This kinetic enhancement is believed to be due to faster electron‐transfer kinetics on the coupling pole as compared to the sluggish reduction of oxygen. We anticipate that such redox‐filled CFE ultramicroelectrodes will find many useful applications in single cell exocytosis and in vivo sensing.
Nanostructured Alpha‐Nickel Hydroxide Electrodes for High Performance Hydrogen Peroxide Sensing
Authors: Martins Paulo Roberto , Gonçalves Nery Motta Alessandra , Nakamura Marcelo , Araki Koiti , Angnes Lúcio 
Published: August 2013

AbstractNanostructured alpha‐nickel hydroxide (α‐Ni(OH)2) immobilized on a Fluorine‐doped Tin Oxide (FTO) surface was explored for the construction of hydrogen peroxide amperometric Flow Injection Analysis (FIA) sensors. Their notable electrocatalytic activity and heterogeneous electron‐transfer rate were confirmed by the appearance of a broad and intense peak associated with the oxidation of hydrogen peroxide and the enhancement of sensibility in hydrodynamic conditions. The α‐Ni(OH)2 electrodes exhibited a broad dynamic range (5×10−6 to 1×10−3 mol L−1), low detection limit (2×10−7 mol L−1), good repeatability (RSD=1.29 % for 20 successive analyses), and a sensitivity greater than 500 µA mmol−1 L−1 cm−2.
Global variation of COSMIC precipitable water over land: Comparisons with ground‐based GPS measurements and NCEP reanalyses
Authors: Huang Ching‐Yuang , Teng Wen‐Hsin , Ho Shu‐Peng , Kuo Ying‐Hwa 
Published: August 2013

AbstractRadio occultation (RO) observations of precipitable water (PW) from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) are compared with ground‐based Global Positioning System (GPS) PW for 6 years (2007–2012). From comparisons of more than 120,000 collocated samples, differences in PW between RO and GPS exhibit a standard deviation of less than 3 mm with a global correlation of 0.96 to 0.97. The monthly mean RO PW is also compared to the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalyses. PWs over land for RO, GPS, and reanalyses are highly correlated in each hemisphere. We also used the RO data to explore the variation of the monthly mean PW in four regions (Tibetan Plateau, central Australia, Amazon Basin, and central Africa) where ground stations are few. This study highlights the characteristics of these PW climatologies, suggesting that the RO data are useful complements to global reanalyses and other data sets.
Mergers and Acquisitions in Japan: An Update
Authors: Metwalli Ali M. , Tang Roger Y. W. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractSince 2008, Japan's economy has been faltering due to an aging population, deflation, weak consumer spending, and low investor confidence. These factors have had some impact on Japanese mergers and acquisitions (M&As) in recent years. In this article, the authors provide an overview of Japan's M&A for the decade from 2000 to 2010, and also review recent M&A trends for 2011 and 2012. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Can Accountants Understand Derivatives?
Authors: Le Guyader Louis P. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractDerivatives are the Mata Hari of the global capital markets, says the author of this article. That's because derivatives are mysterious, possibly dangerous, and yet invitingly attractive. When derivatives fail, many people believe it is because accountants do not understand derivatives—despite the pitched battle that has raged over many years between accountants and the derivatives community. Is there clear evidence that accountants do not understand derivatives? And if so, what knowledge is lacking? The author takes a close look at these issues, and also gives you a chance to test your own knowledge of derivatives with a quick quiz. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Auditing and Accounting for the Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities
Authors: Reinstein Alan , Churyk Natalie Tatiana 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn 2009, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. (SFAS) 167 (ASC 810), which broadens the number of entities that will consolidate formerly unconsolidated offbalance sheet assets and liabilities, and otherwise greatly changes the framework for consolidated financial statements. While the literature provides some examples of accounting for Variable Interest Entities (VIEs), little discussion examines how to audit such VIEs, which is important in light of some related audit failures. In this article, the authors summarize the provisions of SFAS 167 and discuss the auditing implications. They also discuss how recent International Financial Reporting Standards affect how entities should account for and audit VIEs. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Traditional food: A better compatibility with industry requirements
Authors: Cotillon Christophe , Guyot Anne‐Clothilde , Rossi Daniel , Notarfonso Maurizio 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe objective of this article is to summarise the main results of the TRUEFOOD Integrated project, which is supported by the European Commission in the European Framework Program 6 (FP6). This project started in 2006 and ended in 2010. TRUEFOOD aimed to improve quality and safety and introduce innovation into Traditional European Food production systems through research, demonstration, dissemination and training activities. It focuses on increasing value to both consumers and producers and on supporting the development of realistic business plans for all components of the food chain, using a farm‐to‐fork approach. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Future development, innovation and promotion of European unique food: An interdisciplinary research framework perspective
Authors: Byrne Derek V , Waehrens Sandra S , O'Sullivan Maurice G 
Published: August 2013

AbstractUnique food products constitute a very important element of European food business, culture, identity and heritage. Understanding the uniqueness of food in Europe from a research‐based interdisciplinary perspective will be a critical factor in promoting the competitiveness of artisanal food industries going forward both locally and internationally. Success will support the competitiveness of the European food industry, in particular, small and medium enterprises, by enabling substantial product differentiation potential for producers and providing ample variety in food choice for the consumer. In addition, it will contribute to promotion of sustainable agriculture and development of rural areas, protecting them from depopulation. In order to meet the demands of a developing fundamental shift in European Union agricultural focus to greener, sustainable farming practices and wider rural development and to ensure success for local small‐scale producers, this paper discusses the future direction of research in the field of unique European foods. The paper presents a perspective which promotes optimisation and innovation in unique food products in Europe through the integration of advanced knowledge and technologies. A framework is presented covering location, identity, perception and well‐being as research areas needing synergy to bridge the research knowledge deficit in determination and specification of food identity in the European Union. The ultimate aim being promotion of sustainable agriculture and rural development, particularly in territories across the European Union where unique food is strategically and scientifically under‐defined. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Sex influences the effect of body mass index on the vascular response to angiotensin II in humans
Authors: Zalucky A. A. , Nicholl D. D. M. , Mann M. C. , Hemmelgarn B. R. , Turin T. C. , MacRae J. M. , Sola D. Y. , Ahmed S. B. 
Published: August 2013

ObjectiveSex influences the cardiorenal risk associated with body mass index (BMI). The role of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system in adiposity‐mediated cardiorenal risk profiles in healthy, non‐obese men and women was investigated.MethodsSystemic and renal hemodynamic responses to angiotensin‐II (AngII) as a function of BMI, waist and hip circumference, waist–hip ratio, as well as fat and lean mass were measured in 18 men and 25 women in high‐salt balance, stratified by BMI (<25 kg/m2 (ideal body weight (IBW)) vs. ≥25 kg/m2 overweight)).ResultsIn men (n = 7, BMI 23 ± 1 kg/m2) and women (n = 14, BMI 22 ± 2 kg/m2) of IBW, BMI was not associated with the systolic blood pressure (SBP) response to AngII. In contrast, overweight men (n = 11, 29 ± 2 kg/m2) demonstrated a progressively more blunted vasoconstrictor SBP response to AngII challenge as BMI increased (P = 0.007), even after adjustment for covariates. Women maintained the same relationship between BMI and the SBP response to AngII irrespective of weight status (P = 0.2, IBW vs. overweight women). Compared to BMI, other adiposity measures showed similar associations to systemic AngII responsiveness in men but not in women. Increasing BMI was associated with a blunted renovasoconstrictor response to AngII in all subjects, but was more pronounced in men.ConclusionSex influences the effect of adiposity on vascular angiotensin‐responsiveness.
Concise Review: Current Status of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine in Lung Biology and Diseases
Authors: Weiss Daniel J. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractLung diseases remain a significant and devastating cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In contrast to many other major diseases, lung diseases notably chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPDs), including both asthma and emphysema, are increasing in prevalence and COPD is expected to become the third leading cause of disease mortality worldwide by 2020. New therapeutic options are desperately needed. A rapidly growing number of investigations of stem cells and cell therapies in lung biology and diseases as well as in ex vivo lung bioengineering have offered exciting new avenues for advancing knowledge of lung biology as well as providing novel potential therapeutic approaches for lung diseases. These initial observations have led to a growing exploration of endothelial progenitor cells and mesenchymal stem (stromal) cells in clinical trials of pulmonary hypertension and COPD with other clinical investigations planned. Ex vivo bioengineering of the trachea, larynx, diaphragm, and the lung itself with both biosynthetic constructs as well as decellularized tissues have been used to explore engineering both airway and vascular systems of the lung. Lung is thus a ripe organ for a variety of cell therapy and regenerative medicine approaches. Current state-of-the-art progress for each of the above areas will be presented as will discussion of current considerations for cell therapy-based clinical trials in lung diseases. Stem Cells 2014;32:16–25
Partial Proteasome Inhibitors Induce Hair Follicle Growth by Stabilizing β-Catenin
Authors: Yucel Gozde , Arnam John , Means Paula Casey , Huntzicker Erik , Altindag Banu , Lara Maria Fernanda , Yuan Jenny , Kuo Calvin , Oro Anthony E. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The activation of tissue stem cells from their quiescent state represents the initial step in the complex process of organ regeneration and tissue repair. While the identity and location of tissue stem cells are becoming known, how key regulators control the balance of activation and quiescence remains mysterious. The vertebrate hair is an ideal model system where hair cycling between growth and resting phases is precisely regulated by morphogen signaling pathways, but how these events are coordinated to promote orderly signaling in a spatial and temporal manner remains unclear. Here, we show that hair cycle timing depends on regulated stability of signaling substrates by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Topical application of partial proteasomal inhibitors (PaPIs) inhibits epidermal and dermal proteasome activity throughout the hair cycle. PaPIs prevent the destruction of the key anagen signal β-catenin, resulting in more rapid hair growth and dramatically shortened telogen. We show that PaPIs induce excess β-catenin, act similarly to the GSK3β antagonist LiCl, and antagonize Dickopf-related protein-mediated inhibition of anagen. PaPIs thus represent a novel class of hair growth agents that act through transiently modifying the balance of stem cell activation and quiescence pathways. Stem Cells 2014;32:85–92
Identification of DPPA4 and DPPA2 as a novel family of pluripotency-related oncogenes
Authors: Tung Po-Yuan , Varlakhanova Natalia V. , Knoepfler Paul S. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
In order to identify novel pluripotency-related oncogenes, an expression screen for oncogenic foci-inducing genes within a retroviral human embryonic stem cell cDNA library was conducted. From this screen, we identified not only known oncogenes but also intriguingly the key pluripotency factor, DPPA4 (developmental pluripotency-associated four) that encodes a DNA binding SAP domain-containing protein. DPPA4 has not been previously identified as an oncogene but is highly expressed in embryonal carcinomas, pluripotent germ cell tumors, and other cancers. DPPA4 is also mutated in some cancers. In direct transformation assays, we validated that DPPA4 is an oncogene in both mouse 3T3 cells and immortalized human dermal fibroblasts. Overexpression of DPPA4 generates oncogenic foci (sarcoma cells) and causes anchorage-independent growth. The in vitro transformed cells also give rise to tumors in immunodeficient mice. Furthermore, functional analyses indicate that both the DNA-binding SAP domain and the histone-binding C-terminal domain are critical for the oncogenic transformation activity of DPPA4. Downregulation of DPPA4 in E14 mouse embryonic stem cells and P19 mouse embryonic carcinoma cells causes decreased cell proliferation in each case. In addition, DPPA4 overexpression induces cell proliferation through genes related to regulation of G1/S transition. Interestingly, we observed similar findings for family member DPPA2. Thus, we have identified a new family of pluripotency-related oncogenes consisting of DPPA2 and DPPA4. Our findings have important implications for stem cell biology and tumorigenesis.
Leveraging Variability Modeling Techniques for Architecture Trade Studies and Analysis
Authors: Ryan Jessica , Sarkani Shahram , Mazzuchi Thomas 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIncreasing complexity in modern systems, as well as cost and schedule constraints, require a new paradigm of Systems Engineering to fulfill stakeholder needs. Challenges facing efficient trade studies include poor tool interoperability, lack of simulation coordination (design parameters), and requirements flow down. A recent trend toward Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) includes flexible architecture definition, program documentation, requirements traceability, and Systems Engineering reuse. As a rapidly evolving practice, MBSE still lacks governing standards and commonly accepted frameworks. This paper proposes a framework for efficient architecture definition using MBSE in conjunction with domain specific simulation to evaluate alternatives. Variant modeling techniques are introduced as an extension to capturing parameterized architecture options. Initial exploration applies such variant modeling techniques to design for adaptability trade study criteria, as a means to evaluate candidate architecture configurations against multiple requirement sets. A general framework is provided, followed with a specific example including a method for designing a trade study, defining candidate architectures, planning simulations to fulfill requirements, and designing a weighted decision analysis to optimize system objectives.
Energy poverty in the European Union: landscapes of vulnerability
Authors: Bouzarovski Stefan 
Published: August 2013

Energy poverty can be seen as situation in which a household lacks a socially and materially necessitated level of energy services in the home. In the context of the European Union (EU), its causes and consequences largely coincide with those of the more narrowly defined notion of ‘fuel poverty’, which has attracted a significant amount of public attention, scientific research, and state policy in Ireland and the UK. Outside of these two countries, however, EU energy poverty scholarship, debates, and policies are embryonic. From the limited amount of research that has been published to date, it is possible to conclude that the condition is predicated upon high energy prices, low household incomes, inefficient buildings and appliances, and specific households energy needs. It is particularly widespread in Eastern, Central, and Southern Europe, where it tends to affect groups who are already vulnerable to income poverty. Recent years have seen a conceptual shift in the mainstream theorization of domestic energy deprivation, onto more complex and nuanced issues of household needs, built environment flexibility, and social resilience.This article is categorized under:

Energy Efficiency > Economics and Policy
Energy Policy and Planning > Economics and Policy
Energy and Development > Systems and Infrastructure