bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Manipulating Light with Bound States in the Continuum: from Passive to Active Systems
Authors: Zeng Yixuan , Zhang Xudong , Ouyang Xu , Li Yingjie , Qiu Cheng‐Wei , Song Qinghai , Xiao Shumin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe manipulation of light has become the focus of various modern optical technologies. The emergence of bound states in the continuum (BICs) offers an alternative platform for controlling light, including the confinement and manipulation of polarization, amplitude, and phase. Currently, research on photonic BICs is maturing, with extensive exploration of methods for achieving BICs and their various applications, including lasing, sensing, and enhanced light‐matter interaction. In this review, an overview of photonic BICs is provided. Specifically, the unique properties of BICs are first presented, followed by their state‐of‐the‐art applications in passive systems, ranging from sensing to waveguiding, beam shaping, and chirality. The paradigm‐shifting developments in active systems resulting from the hybridization of BICs with active and novel materials are then highlighted. Finally, some of the challenges facing photonic BICs are discussed, along with future directions in terms of physics, design, fabrication, engineering, and tunability.
Advances in Paper‐Based Photodetectors: Fabrications, Performances, and Applications
Authors: Tang Xing , Yang Jingwen , Duan Zaihua , Bu Yichen , Yuan Zhen , Jiang Yadong , Tai Huiling 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWith the development of wearable electronic technology, the flexible photodetectors have attracted widespread attention, and it is of great significance to develop flexible, eco‐friendly and low‐cost photodetectors. Cellulose paper, as a flexible, eco‐friendly, low‐cost, lightweight, customizable, biodegradable and renewable material, has received enthusiastic attention and rapid development in the field of photodetectors in recent years. In this review, it is focused on the research progress of paper‐based (PB) photodetectors. First, the fabrication methods of PB photodetectors are discussed, including electrode materials and optoelectronic functional materials. Then, this review systematically summarizes and analyzes the achievements of PB photodetectors on photoelectric performances (spectral response range, responsivity, detectivity, response/recovery times and on/off ratio) and flexibility characteristics (bending angle and bending cycle). In terms of key performance indicators, the PB photodetectors reported so far can detect multiple wavelengths of light from UV to near‐infrared with the maximum detectivity of 1013 Jones. In addition, the various applications of PB photodetectors is reviewed and discussed. Finally, it is look forward to the future development of PB photodetectors in terms of fabrication methods, photoelectric and flexible performances, and applications. With this review, it is hope that it will promoted the future development of PB photodetectors.
Intelligent Rock‐Climbing Robot Capable of Multimodal Locomotion and Hybrid Bioinspired Attachment
Authors: Zi Peijin , Xu Kun , Chen Jiawei , Wang Chang , Zhang Tao , Luo Yang , Tian Yaobin , Wen Li , Ding Xilun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRock‐climbing robots have significant potential in fieldwork and planetary exploration. However, they currently face limitations such as a lack of stability and adaptability on extreme terrains, slow locomotion, and single functionality. This study introduces a novel multimodal and adaptive rock‐climbing robot (MARCBot), which addresses these limitations through spiny grippers that draw inspiration from morpho‐functionalities observed in beetles, arboreal birds, and hoofed animals. This hybrid bioinspired design enables high attachment strength, passive adaptability to different terrains, and quick attachment on rock surfaces. The multimodal functionality of the gripper allows for attachment during climbing and support during walking. A novel control strategy using dynamics and quadratic programming (QP) optimizes attachment wrench distribution, reducing cost‐of‐transport by 20.03% and 6.05% compared to closed‐loop inverse kinematic (CLIK) and virtual model control (VMC) methods, respectively. MARCBot achieved climbing speeds of 0.15 m min−1 on a vertical discrete rock surface under gravity and trotting speeds of up to 0.21 m s−1 on various complex terrains. It is the first robot capable of climbing on rock surfaces and trotting in complex terrains without the need for switching end‐effectors. This study highlights significant advancements in climbing and multimodal locomotion for robots in extreme environments.
Ultrahigh Performance UV Photodetector by Inserting an Al2O3 Nanolayer in NiO/n‐Si
Authors: Ma Xingzhao , Tang Libin , Jia Menghan , Zhang Yuping , Zuo Wenbin , Cai Yuhua , Li Rui , Yang Liqing , Teng Kar Seng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUltraviolet (UV) photodetectors have gained much attention due to their numerous important applications ranging from environmental monitoring to space communication. To date, most p‐NiO/n‐Si heterojunction photodetectors (HPDs) exhibit poor UV responsivity and slow response. This is mainly due to a small valence band offset (ΔEV) at the NiO/Si interface and a high density of dangling bonds at the silicon surface. Herein, an UV HPD consisting of NiO/Al2O3/n‐Si is fabricated using magnetron sputtering technique. The HPD has a large rectification ratio of 2.4 × 105. It also exhibits excellent UV responsivity (R) of 15.8 A/W at −5 V and and detectivity (D*) of 1.14 × 1013 Jones at −4 V, respectively. The excellent performance of the HPD can be attributed to the defect passivation at the interfaces of the heterojunction and the efficient separation of photogenerated carriers by the Al2O3 nanolayer. The external quantum efficiency (EQE) of the HPD as high as 5.4 × 103%, hence implying a large optical gain due to carrier proliferation resulting from impact ionization. Furthermore, the ultrafast response speed with a rise time of 80 µs and a decay time of 184 µs are obtained.
A Solid‐Solution with Asymmetric Ni‐O‐Cr Sites for Boosting Protonation toward Anodic Oxidation
Authors: Feng Yihan , Wang Xunlu , Ma Junqing , Wang Nan , Liu Qiunan , Suenaga Kazu , Chen Wei , Zhang Jitang , Zhou Yin , Wang Jiacheng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractReplacing the slow protonation process of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with the fast protonation of alcohol electro‐oxidation can decrease the driving potentials, thus improving overall efficiency of electrochemical devices. However, the formation of effective catalytic sites for alcohol oxidation remains challenging in accelerating protonation to inhibit metal leaching and improve catalyst stability. Herein, asymmetric Ni‐O‐Cr sites are constructed by alloying Cr into the NiO matrix to optimize coordination environments, showing significantly enhanced stability during alcohol electro‐oxidation. The asymmetric Ni‐O‐Cr can maintain constant valence states of Cr and Ni during alcohol oxidation, efficiently suppressing metal dissolution even at high oxidation potentials. In situ electrochemical characterizations combined with theoretical calculations indicate that asymmetric Ni‐O‐Cr can improve adsorption and activation of OH* and alcohol molecules compared to pure NiO, thus increasing anodic kinetics. The theoretical results also indicate that the smaller gap of Ni 3d‐O 2p in asymmetric Ni‐O‐Cr strengthens charge transfer, leading to fast protonation of catalytic sites with enhanced stability. This work gives insights into boosting anodic protonation using asymmetric sites‐enriched solid‐solution electrocatalysts.
Interfacial Catalysis Strategy for High‐Performance Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Yang Li , Zhang Hong , Xu Hantao , Peng Wei , Wu Lu , Cheng Yu , Liu Yuheng , Xu Lin , Mai Liqiang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSolid‐state lithium metal batteries (SSLMBs) with polymer electrolytes (SPEs) have attracted tremendous attention owing to their superior safety and high energy density. However, the unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) between Lithium (Li) and SPEs hinders their practical application. Herein, an innovative interfacial catalysis strategy is applied to the in situ construction of a multifunctional inorganic‐rich SEI. The transfer of unpaired electrons adjacent to calcium vacancies (VCa) to the TFSI− anion promotes the breaking of S─N and C─F bonds during the electrochemical decomposition of TFSI−, thus enhancing its decomposition kinetics. The inorganic‐rich SEI derived from TFSI− is super‐stable and kinetically favorable for fast and homogeneous transport of Li ions, thereby hindering the growth of lithium dendrites. Consequently, the interfacial catalysis strategy endows Li||Li symmetric cells, LFP||Li and NCM811||Li full batteries with enhanced cyclability. Thus, this work expands the interfacial catalysis strategy to a platform for designing multifunctional SEI in long‐life SSLMB.
A Five Micron Thick Aramid Nanofiber Separator Enables Highly Reversible Zn Anode for Energy‐Dense Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yang Lin , Zhu Ying‐Jie , Yu Han‐Ping , Wang Zhong‐Yi , Cheng Long , Li Dan‐Dan , Tao Jingchao , He Guo , Li Heng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe rampant dendrites growth caused by uncontrolled deposition of Zn2+ ions at Zn metal anode poses a significant obstacle to the practical applications of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs). Herein, an ultrathin (5 µm) aramid nanofiber (ANF) separator is reported to enhance the Zn anode stability and the ZIB energy density. Through systematic experimental studies and DFT simulations, it is demonstrated that the ANF separator with unique surface polarity can modify the solvation configuration, facilitate desolvation, and regulate the deposition orientation of Zn2+ ions. Consequently, the Zn anode with the ANF separator demonstrates an 85‐fold increase in running time beyond 850 h compared with the conventional glass fiber separator at 5 mA cm−2/2.5 mAh cm−2. Even under the harsh depth of discharge conditions of 50% and 80%, the Zn anodes still sustain extended cycling periods of over 475 and 200 h, respectively. As pairing this ANF separator with thin Zn anode and high‐areal‐capacity Mn2.5V10O24∙5.9H2O cathode in a low negative capacity/positive capacity ratio (2.64) full cell, superior gravimetric/volumetric energy density (129.2 Wh kg−1/142.5 Wh L−1) is achieved, far surpassing majority of the ZIB counterparts reported in the literature. This work offers a promising ultrathin separator for promoting the utilization of energy‐dense aqueous ZIBs.
Do outgrower schemes enhance technology adoption and productivity? Evidence from maize farmers in Northern Ghana
Authors: Konja Dominic Tasila , Abdulai Awudu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNucleus outgrower schemes are contractual arrangements where well‐resourced large‐scale farmers (nucleus farmers) are empowered by development support agencies to take charge of smallholder farmers, by providing them with market access and the necessary training on agronomic practices and farm inputs for production. In this study, we examine the impact of participation in outgrower scheme on technology adoption and farm productivity, using data from 634 smallholder maize farmers in Northern Ghana. We use the linear regression with endogenous treatment effects model to account for both observable and unobservable selection bias. The results reveal positive and significant marginal effects of outgrower scheme participation on technology adoption and maize yields. Outgrower scheme participants applied 6% and 82% more inorganic fertilizer and weedicides, respectively, than nonparticipants. Maize yield increased by about 3% for the participants more than nonparticipants. The findings also show that factors such as distance to market, distance to nucleus farmers' satellite office, nucleus outgrower scheme awareness, input price, and farmer‐based organization significantly influence outgrower scheme participation decisions, as well as technology adoption and maize yields.
Hierarchically porous carbon confined cobalt nanoparticles for highly efficient oxidative esterification of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural
Authors: Zhao Xin , Xiao Linghan , Wang Fengliang , Shen Zirong , Fang Ruiqi , Li Yingwei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHerein, we report a controllable and versatile strategy for the synthesis of highly dispersed Co nanoparticles embedded in open‐channel hierarchically porous N/O‐doped carbon skeleton. Moreover, the pore sizes of the hierarchical structures can be easily tuned by adjusting the size of precursors. The as‐obtained Co@NC‐2ST exhibits unprecedented activity and selectivity in the oxidative esterification of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to dimethyl furan‐2,5‐dicarboxylate under base‐free and atmospheric conditions. In particular, the achieved turnover frequency value is an order of magnitude higher than that of the state‐of‐art heterogeneous catalysts reported to date. A combination of experimental and density function theory studies reveals that the unique features of Co@NC‐2ST enable a novel reaction route, that is, the CHO group of HMF is preferentially esterified instead of the OH group. This can be attributed to the nucleophilic addition reaction caused by the attack of methoxy anion on the CHO group of HMF.
Ultrasound‐assisted and landmark‐based nusinersen delivery in spinal muscular atrophy adults: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Zanfini Bruno Antonio , Patanella Agata Katia , Vassalli Francesco , Catarci Stefano , Pane Marika , Frassanito Luciano , Biancone Matteo , Di Muro Mariangela , Bravetti Chiara , Mercuri Eugenio Maria , Sabatelli Mario , Draisci Gaetano 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroduction/PurposeNusinersen, the first treatment approved for all spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) types, is administered intrathecally through lumbar puncture. We used ultrasound assistance or a landmark‐based technique to access the lumbar intrathecal space in adult SMA patients. This study aimed to evaluate the technical success and adverse events (AEs) in such patients using either technique over a long observation period.MethodsFifty‐one adult patients received 507 consecutive interlaminar nusinersen administrations. Patients presented with both ‘uncomplicated spines’ or ‘complicated spines’; two patients had previous back surgery. Technical success and AEs were recorded using either technique. A generalised linear mixed model was applied to evaluate predictors of technical success and complications.ResultsAn overall success rate of 99.6%, with only two procedures failing to reach the intrathecal space, and an overall optimal procedure rate of 90.3% have been reported. A total of 455 procedures (89.7%) were uneventfully performed. One (0.2%) case of severe AE (puncture of a bulky abdominal annexal cyst) was recorded. Twenty‐seven episodes (5.3%) of post‐dural puncture headache (PDPH) and 24 episodes (4.7%) of radicular or back pain, both successfully treated with medical therapy, have also been reported. Technical success was significantly associated with ‘complicated spines’ (P = 0.022) and the use of ultrasound assistance (P = 0.01), and the use of ultrasound was the only independent predictor of uncomplicated procedures (P = 0.007).DiscussionIn adult patients with SMA both landmark‐based and ultrasound‐assisted techniques are safe and effective even in the long term. The use of assistance is associated with technical success and can predict uncomplicated procedures.ConclusionOur results support the use of ultrasonography in order to improve the success and reduce the burden of nusinersen intrathecal administration.
The Role of Phosphorus on Alkaline Hydrogen Oxidation Electrocatalysis for Ruthenium Phosphides
Authors: Jin Yiming , Fan Xinran , Cheng Wenjing , Zhou Yuheng , Xiao Li , Luo Wei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTransition metal/p‐block compounds are regarded as the most essential materials for electrochemical energy converting systems involving various electrocatalysis. Understanding the role of p‐block element on the interaction of key intermediates and interfacial water molecule orientation at the polarized catalyst‐electrolyte interface during the electrocatalysis is important for rational designing advanced p‐block modified metal electrocatalysts. Herein, taking a sequence of ruthenium phosphides (including Ru2P, RuP and RuP2) as model catalysts, we establish a volcanic‐relation between P‐proportion and alkaline hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) activity. The dominant role of P for regulating hydroxyl binding energy is validated by active sites poisoning experiments, pH‐dependent infection‐point behavior, in situ surface enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations, in which P could tailor the d‐band structure of Ru, optimize the hydroxyl adsorption sites across the Ru−P moieties, thereby leading to improved proportion of strongly hydrogen‐bonded water and facilitated proton‐coupled electron transfer process, which are responsible for the enhanced alkaline HOR performance.
Enabling Efficient Anchoring‐Conversion Interface by Fabricating Double‐Layer Functionalized Separator for Suppressing Shuttle Effect
Authors: Feng Junan , Zhang Chaoyue , Liu Wendong , Yu Shunxian , Wang Lei , Wang Tianyi , Shi Chuan , Zhao Xiaoxian , Chen Shuangqiang , Chou Shulei , Song Jianjun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLithium‐sulfur batteries (LiSBs) with high energy density still face challenges on sluggish conversion kinetics, severe shuttle effects of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs), and low blocking feature of ordinary separators to LiPSs. To tackle these, a novel double‐layer strategy to functionalize separators is proposed, which consists of Co with atomically dispersed CoN4 decorated on Ketjen black (Co/CoN4@KB) layer and an ultrathin 2D Ti3C2Tx MXene layer. The theoretical calculations and experimental results jointly demonstrate metallic Co sites provide efficient adsorption and catalytic capability for long‐chain LiPSs, while CoN4 active sites facilitate the absorption of short‐chain LiPSs and promote the conversion to Li2S. The stacking MXene layer serves as a microscopic barrier to further physically block and chemically anchor the leaked LiPSs from the pores and gaps of the Co/CoN4@KB layer, thus preserving LiPSs within efficient anchoring‐conversion reaction interfaces to balance the accumulation of “dead S” and Li2S. Consequently, with an ultralight loading of Co/CoN4@KB‐MXene, the LiSBs exhibit amazing electrochemical performance even under high sulfur loading and lean electrolyte, and the outperforming performance for lithium‐selenium batteries (LiSeBs) can also be achieved. This work exploits a universal and effective strategy of a double‐layer functionalized separator to regulate the equilibrium adsorption‐catalytic interface, enabling high‐energy and long‐cycle LiSBs/LiSeBs.
Tensile‐Strained Cu Penetration Electrode Boosts Asymmetric C−C Coupling for Ampere‐Level CO2‐to‐C2+ Reduction in Acid
Authors: Li Shoujie , Wu Gangfeng , Mao Jianing , Chen Aohui , Liu Xiaohu , Zeng Jianrong , Wei Yiheng , Wang Jiangjiang , Zhu Huanyi , Xia Jiayu , Wang Xiaotong , Li Guihua , Song Yanfang , Dong Xiao , Wei Wei , Chen Wei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe synthesis of multicarbon (C2+) products remains a substantial challenge in sustainable CO2 electroreduction owing to the need for sufficient current density and faradaic efficiency alongside carbon efficiency. Herein, we demonstrate ampere‐level high‐efficiency CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products in both neutral and strongly acidic (pH=1) electrolytes using a hierarchical Cu hollow‐fiber penetration electrode (HPE). High concentration of K+ could concurrently suppress hydrogen evolution reaction and facilitate C−C coupling, thereby promoting C2+ production in strong acid. By optimizing the K+ and H+ concentration and CO2 flow rate, a faradaic efficiency of 84.5 % and a partial current density as high as 3.1 A cm−2 for C2+ products, alongside a single‐pass carbon efficiency of 81.5 % and stable electrolysis for 240 h were demonstrated in a strong acidic solution of H2SO4 and KCl (pH=1). Experimental measurements and density functional theory simulations suggested that tensile‐strained Cu HPE enhances the asymmetric C−C coupling to steer the selectivity and activity of C2+ products.
Optimizing the Microenvironment in Solid Polymer Electrolytes by Anion Vacancy Coupled with Carbon Dots
Authors: Liu Huaxin , Ye Yu , Zhu Fangjun , Zhong Xue , Luo Dingzhong , Zhang Yi , Deng Wentao , Zou Guoqiang , Hou Hongshuai , Ji Xiaobo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe practical application of solid polymer electrolyte is hindered by the small transference number of Li+, low ionic conductivity and poor interfacial stability, which are seriously determined by the microenvironment in polymer electrolyte. The introduction of functional fillers is an effective solution to these problems. In this work, based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations, it is demonstrated that the anion vacancy of filler can anchor anions of lithium salt, thereby significantly increasing the transference number of Li+ in the electrolyte. Therefore, flower‐like SnS2‐based filler with abundant sulfur vacancies is prepared under the regulation of functionalized carbon dots (CDs). It is worth mentioning that the CDs dotted on the surface of SnS2 have rich organic functional groups, which can serve as the bridging agent to enhance the compatibility of filler and polymer, leading to superior mechanical performance and fast ion transport pathway. Additionally, the in situ formed Li2S/Li3N at the interface of Li metal and electrolyte facilitate the fast Li+ diffusion and uniform Li deposition, effectively mitigating the growth of lithium dendrites. As a result, the assembled lithium metal batteries exhibit excellent cycling stability, reflecting the superiority of the carbon dots derived vacancy‐rich inorganic filler modification strategy.
Modular, Scalable Total Synthesis of Lapparbin with a Noncanonical Biaryl Linkage
Authors: Zhang Jie , Yu Longhui , Ogawa Hiroshige , Nagata Yuuya , Nakamura Hugh 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe report the development of a novel synthetic approach for the highly strained atrop‐Tyr C‐6‐to‐Trp N‐1′ linkage, which can be executed on a decagram scale using a modular strategy involving palladium‐catalyzed C−H arylation followed by Larock macrocyclization. The first total synthesis of lapparbin (1) was achieved by applying this synthetic strategy. Furthermore, the modular synthesis utilizing C−H arylation and Larock macrocyclization, discovered in the total synthesis of lapparbin (1), was demonstrated to be applicable to various arbitrary biaryl linkages, including non‐natural types.