bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cyclohexanol, 1,2‐cyclohexanediol and 1,4‐cyclohexanediol in urine [Biomonitoring Methods, 2013]
Authors: Knecht U. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract

Published in the series
Biomonitoring Methods
, Vol. 13 (2013)

The article contains sections titled:

General principles

Equipment, chemicals and solutions

Equipment

Chemicals

Solutions

Internal standard

Calibration standards

Specimen collection and sample preparation

Operational parameters

Operational parameters for gas chromatography

Analytical determination

Calibration

Calculation of the analytical result

Standardisation and quality control

Evaluation of the method

Precision

Accuracy

Detection limits and quantitation limits

Sources of error

Discussion of the method

Appendix
Selenium in serum [Biomonitoring Methods, 2013]
Authors: Heitland P. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPublished in the seriesBiomonitoring Methods, Vol. 13 (2013)The article contains sections titled:General principlesEquipment, chemicals and solutionsEquipmentChemicalsSolutionsCalibration standardsSpecimen collection and sample preparationSpecimen collectionSample preparationOperational parametersAnalytical determinationCalibrationCalculation of the analytical resultStandardisation and quality controlEvaluation of the methodPrecisionAccuracyDetection limit and quantitation limitSources of errorDiscussion of the methodAppendix
Pyrethrum‐ und Pyrethroidmetabolite (nach Festphasenextraktion) in Urin [Biomonitoring Methods in German language, 2012]
Authors: Berger‐Preiß E. , Gerling S. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract

Veröffentlicht in der Reihe
Analytische Methoden zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe: Analysen in biologischem Material
, 20. Lieferung, Ausgabe 2012

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Grundlage des Verfahrens

Geräte, Chemikalien und Lösungen

Geräte

Chemikalien

Lösungen

Vergleichsstandards

Probenahme und Probenaufbereitung

Probenahme

Probenaufbereitung

Instrumentelle Arbeitsbedingungen

Gaschromatographische Arbeitsbedingungen

Massenspektrometrische Arbeitsbedingungen

Analytische Bestimmung

Kalibrierung

Berechnung der Analysenergebnisse

Standardisierung der Messergebnisse und Qualitätssicherung

Beurteilung des Verfahrens

Präzision

Richtigkeit

Nachweis‐ und Bestimmungsgrenze

Störeinflüsse

Diskussion der Methode
Pyrethrum and pyrethroid metabolites (after solid phase extraction) in urine [Biomonitoring Methods, 2013]
Authors: Berger‐Preiß E. , Gerling S. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract

Published in the series
Biomonitoring Methods
, Vol. 13 (2013)

The article contains sections titled:

General principles

Equipment, chemicals and solutions

Equipment

Chemicals

Solutions

Internal standards

Calibration standards

Specimen collection and sample preparation

Specimen collection

Sample preparation

Operational parameters

Operational parameters for gas chromatography

Operational parameters for mass spectrometry

Analytical determination

Calibration

Calculation of the analytical result

Standardisation and quality control

Evaluation of the method

Precision

Accuracy

Detection limits and quantitation limits

Sources of error

Discussion of the method

Appendix
Bisphenol A, genistein, daidzein and equol in urine [Biomonitoring Methods, 2013]
Authors: Moors S. , Blaszkewicz M. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPublished in the seriesBiomonitoring Methods, Vol. 13 (2013)The article contains sections titled:General principlesEquipment, chemicals and solutionsEquipment and materialChemicalsSolutionsInternal standardsCalibration standardsSpecimen collection and sample preparationSpecimen collectionSample preparationOperational parametersOperational parameters for gas chromatographyMass spectrometric parametersAnalytical determinationCalibrationCalculation of the analytical resultStandardisation and quality controlEvaluation of the methodPrecisionAccuracyDetection limits and quantitation limitsValidation data of the alternative methodSources of errorDiscussion of the methodAppendix
2‐Phenyl‐2‐propanol in Urin [Biomonitoring Methods in German language, 2012]
Authors: Knecht U. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract

Veröffentlicht in der Reihe
Analytische Methoden zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe: Analysen in biologischem Material
, 20. Lieferung, Ausgabe 2012

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Grundlage des Verfahrens

Geräte, Chemikalien und Lösungen

Geräte

Chemikalien

Lösungen

Vergleichsstandards

Probenahme und Probenaufbereitung

Instrumentelle Arbeitsbedingungen

Analytische Bestimmung

Kalibrierung

Berechnung der Analysenergebnisse

Standardisierung der Messergebnisse und Qualitätssicherung

Beurteilung des Verfahrens

Präzision

Richtigkeit

Nachweis‐ und Bestimmungsgrenze

Störeinflüsse

Diskussion der Methode
Cutaneous Ulceration in Dermatomyositis: Association With Anti–Melanoma Differentiation–Associated Gene 5 Antibodies and Interstitial Lung Disease
Authors: Narang Neera S. , Casciola‐Rosen Livia , Li Shufeng , Chung Lorinda , Fiorentino David F. 
Published: October 2014

ObjectiveTo identify clinical and serologic correlates of cutaneous ulcers in dermatomyositis (DM).MethodsWe retrospectively examined a cohort of 152 DM patients. We compared the features of patients with ulcers to those without ulcers using chi‐square or Fisher's exact tests and used univariate and multivariate logistic regression models to assess the association between ulcers and clinical features such as malignancy, interstitial lung disease (ILD), and amyopathic disease.ResultsForty‐three patients (28%) had cutaneous ulcers. Nearly half the patients had ulcers present in more than 1 location: 24 (56%) had ulcers over the extensor surfaces of joints, 18 (42%) at the digital pulp or periungual areas, and 25 (58%) had ulcers located elsewhere. In univariate analysis ulcers were associated with Asian race, but not with other clinical and demographic features, including malignancy or ILD. In multivariate analysis ulcers were significantly associated with anti–melanoma differentiation gene 5 (anti‐MDA5) antibodies (odds ratio 10.14, 95% confidence interval 1.95–52.78; P = 0.0059) and this was greatest for ulcers located at the digital pulp. In patients with cutaneous ulcers, ILD risk was specifically increased only in patients with anti‐MDA5‐positive antibodies.ConclusionWe confirmed the strong association between anti‐MDA5 antibodies and cutaneous ulcers, with the novel finding that the association of cutaneous ulcers with ILD depends upon the presence of anti‐MDA5 antibodies. DM patients who display this cutaneous phenotype should undergo appropriate evaluation for ILD.
A Population‐Based Study of Infection‐Related Hospital Mortality in Patients With Dermatomyositis/Polymyositis
Authors: Murray Sara G. , Schmajuk Gabriela , Trupin Laura , Lawson Erica , Cascino Matthew , Barton Jennifer , Margaretten Mary , Katz Patricia P. , Yelin Edward H. , Yazdany Jinoos 
Published: October 2014

ObjectiveDermatomyositis (DM) and polymyositis (PM) are debilitating inflammatory myopathies associated with significant mortality. We evaluated the relative contribution of infection to hospital mortality in a large population‐based study of individuals with PM/DM.MethodsData derive from the 2007 to 2011 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project National Inpatient Samples and include all hospital discharges that met a validated administrative definition of PM/DM. The primary outcome was hospital mortality. Variables for infections and comorbidities were generated from discharge diagnoses using validated administrative definitions. Logistic regression was used to investigate the relationship between infection and mortality in individuals with PM/DM, adjusting for sociodemographics, utilization variables, and comorbidities. Relative risks (RRs) were calculated to compare the overall prevalence of specific infections and associated mortality in PM/DM hospitalizations with those seen in the general hospitalized population.ResultsA total of 15,407 hospitalizations with PM/DM met inclusion criteria for this study and inpatient mortality was 4.5% (700 deaths). In adjusted logistic regression analyses, infection (odds ratio [OR] 3.4, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 2.9–4.0) was the strongest predictor of hospital mortality among individuals with PM/DM. Bacterial infection (OR 3.5, 95% CI 3.0–4.1), comprised primarily of pneumonia and bacteremia, and opportunistic fungal infections (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.5–4.0) were independently associated with hospital mortality. The overall burden of infection in hospitalizations with PM/DM was significantly increased in comparison with the general hospitalized population (RR 1.5, 95% CI 1.4–1.6).ConclusionAmong hospitalized individuals with PM/DM, infection is the leading cause of mortality. Strategies to mitigate infection risk in both the clinic and hospital settings should be evaluated to improve disease outcomes.
Fully distributed tracking control for non‐identical multi‐agent systems with matching uncertainty
Authors: Zhao Y. , Duan Z. S. , Wen G. H. , Li Z. K. , Chen G. R. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryThis article addresses the fully distributed consensus tracking control problem of linear multi‐agent systems with parameter uncertainties. First, a new class of distributed protocol, based on the relative states of neighbors, is proposed. Theoretical analysis indicates that the considered problem can be solved if the control gain constant of the protocol is larger than the norm bound of the leader's nonlinear inputs. Furthermore, a distributed adaptive control protocol is proposed for the case without available global information. The distributed consensus tracking control problem of uncertain linear multi‐agent systems is solved based only on local information under the proposed adaptive protocol. Finally, an application in low‐Earth‐orbit satellite formation flying is provided to illustrate the theoretical results. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relative leg length is associated with type 2 diabetes differently according to pubertal timing: The Brazilian longitudinal study of adult health
Authors: Mueller Noel T. , Duncan Bruce B. , Barreto Sandhi M. , Chor Dora , Vigo Alvaro , Aquino Estela M.L. , Demerath Ellen W. , Schmidt Maria Inês 
Published: October 2014

ObjectivesStudies from developed societies have shown that individuals with short legs relative to height have higher risk of type 2 diabetes. This has been much less explored in less developed populations where influences on relative leg length and diabetes may differ. The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (in Portuguese, ELSA‐Brasil) allows us to test, in a cohort born (1934–1975) and raised when undernutrition was common, whether short legs relative to height is positively associated with diabetes, independent of early‐life factors, including birth weight, age at menarche, and young‐adult BMI.MethodsWe used baseline, cross‐sectional data from 15,105 participants aged 35–74 years participating in ELSA‐Brasil. We created age‐and‐sex‐specific Z scores for leg length index (leg length/height × 100) according to an external reference. Diabetes was defined by self‐reported physician diagnosis, medication use, fasting and 2‐h post‐75‐g‐load glucose, and A1C.ResultsA one‐unit decrement in leg‐length‐index Z score was associated with 12% (8–17%) higher prevalence of diabetes in Brazilian adults, after adjustment through Poisson regression for confounders, including race, maternal education, and birth weight. This association persisted after further adjustment for menarche age, BMI (at age 20), buttocks circumference, and waist circumference. It was stronger among women with early menarche (P interaction = 0.02). Leg length index was also inversely associated with fasting glucose, fasting insulin, 2‐h glucose, and A1C (P < 0.05).ConclusionsIn contemporary Brazilian adults, short legs relative to height is positively associated with diabetes independent of measures of intrauterine growth, pubertal timing, and young‐adult adiposity. This association is stronger in women with early menarche. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 27:219–225, 2015. © 2014 The Authors American Journal of Human Biology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
What rhinologists and allergists should know about the medico‐legal implications of antibiotic use: a review of the literature
Authors: Poetker David M. , Smith Timothy L. 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundAntibiotics are commonly used in the management of both acute rhinosinusitis and acute exacerbations of chronic rhinosinusitis. With their common use, they have become the leading medication for litigation. It is crucial for the provider to be familiar with potential complications and the medico‐legal ramifications of their use. The objectives of this review were to outline the existing data of the medico‐legal implications of prescribing oral antibiotics.MethodsAn OVID search of the following terms was performed: antibiotics or antibacterial agents AND medico‐legal, malpractice, jurisprudence, or informed consent. This search was then narrowed to English language articles and the titles and abstracts were searched for relevance.ResultsAn OVID search identified 272 articles. This search was then narrowed, resulting in 13 articles that were relevant and included in the current review. Five articles involved database reviews of litigation associated with medications. Antibiotics were the most common medication associated with litigation. Allergic reaction was the single most common reason for litigation.ConclusionLawsuits associated with medications are disproportionately costly and antibiotics are the most common type of medication to result in litigation. Although the use of electronic medical records (EMRs) may decrease the frequency of these lawsuits, it is up to the physician to be familiar with the agents prescribed, their risks, and be vigilant regarding possible reactions.
A simple predictive formula for the blood requirement in patients with high‐energy blunt injuries transferred within one hour post‐trauma
Authors: Akasaki Yukio , Sugimori Hiroshi , Momii Kenta , Akahoshi Tomohiko , Matsuura Suguru , Iwamoto Yukihide , Maehara Yoshihiko , Hashizume Makoto 
Published: October 2014

AimsTo recognize patients who require massive transfusion at the early stage of blunt trauma, we retrospectively investigated patients with high‐energy blunt injuries transferred within 1 h post‐trauma.MethodsBetween August 2007 and July 2011, 233 trauma patients were: (i) injured by a high‐energy blunt mechanism with Injury Severity Score ≥9; (ii) not dead on arrival; (iii) older than 9 years; and (iv) at our center within 1 h after injury. The findings for 113 of those patients were analyzed, including those produced by ultrasonography, computed tomography, and arterial blood gas analyses.ResultsOf 113 patients, 33 underwent massive transfusion (≥6 units) within 8 h of arrival. A logistic regression analysis revealed that an arterial lactate level ≥28 mg/dL (P < 0.001; odds ratio, 105.11; 95% confidence interval, 12.58–2,718.84) and a flat ratio of the inferior vena cava on computed tomography ≥3 (P < 0.001; odds ratio, 32.50; 95% confidence interval, 4.44–714.44) were significant independent predictors for a massive transfusion within 8 h. In a receiver operating curve analysis, the area under the curve of the need for massive transfusion was 0.956, with a sensitivity of 0.94 and a specificity of 0.90. A linear predictive formula for the probability (P) of receiving a massive transfusion was generated as P = 2 × lactate (mg/dL) + 15 × the flat ratio of inferior vena cava − 103. Using another 52 trauma patients, the formula was validated.ConclusionsAn elevated level of arterial lactate and the flat ratio of inferior vena cava were significant predictors for identifying the patients who would require a massive transfusion in the early stage after high‐energy blunt trauma.
Comparison of the conventional Macintosh laryngoscope, the Pentax Airwayscope, and the McGrath MAC video laryngoscope under restricted cervical motion: a manikin study
Authors: Kotera Atsushi , Irie Hiroki , Iwashita Shinsuke , Taniguchi Junichi , Kasaoka Shunji , Kinoshita Yoshihiro 
Published: October 2014

AimWe compared the utility of the conventional Macintosh laryngoscope, the Pentax Airway Scope, and the McGrath MAC video laryngoscope under restricted cervical motion using a manikin.MethodsWe recruited 36 participants into the simulation study. The manikin's cervical motion was restricted with a cervical collar and a head immobilizer, as occurs in trauma cases. We recorded the time to intubation and the success rate of the intubations.ResultsData are medians and ranges. The time to intubation under normal and restricted cervical motion were 22.5 (10–78) and 23 (9–119) s with the Macintosh laryngoscope, 13.5 (5–50) and 14 (7–119) s with the Airway Scope, and 13 (6–32) and 18 (7–80) s with the McGrath MAC video laryngoscope. The differences in the time to intubation between normal and restricted cervical motion were significant only with the McGrath MAC (P = 0.0008). With restricted cervical motion, the times to intubation in the Airway Scope attempts were significantly shorter than those in the Macintosh laryngoscope (P = 0.0005) and McGrath MAC (P = 0.0282) attempts. The success rates under normal and restricted cervical motion were 100% and 80.6% with the Macintosh laryngoscope (P = 0.0054), 100% and 100% with the Airway Scope, and 100% and 97.2% with the McGrath MAC, respectively.ConclusionIn the present study, the Airway Scope was the best among the three devices. However, the differences between the Airway Scope and the McGrath MAC video laryngoscope may not be serious in a clinical situation. Data were gathered using a manikin, and further studies will be necessary.
Thermal stability and kinetics analysis of epoxy composites modified with reactive polyol diluent and multiwalled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Islam Md Ekramul , Rahman Muhammad M. , Hosur Mahesh , Jeelani Shaik 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTThe effect of polyether polyol and amino‐functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (NH2‐MWCNTs) on the thermal stability of three‐phase (epoxy/polyol/NH2‐MWCNTs) epoxy composites was investigated. Thermal stability and degradation characteristics of polyol/MWCNTs modified epoxy composites was evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis. The kinetics of thermal degradation was assessed from data scanned at 5, 10, and 20°C/min. Activation energy for degradation of epoxy nanocomposites was calculated using different differential and integral methods, that is, Kissinger's, Flynn–Wall–Ozawa, Coats–Redfern, and Horowitz–Metzger methods. In addition, the integral procedure decomposition temperature was determined to evaluate the inherent thermal stability of the modified composite system. Rate of thermal degradation in MWCNT/Polyol samples was found to be reduced significantly while activation energy of degradation was increased compared to unmodified epoxy composite. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41558.
Conductive imidazolium side chain liquid crystal polyacrylates prepared from postpolymerization functionalization
Authors: Wang Caihong , Wu Yong , Tan Shuai , Liang Ting , Yang Xiaohui 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTHydroxide and tetrafluoroborate salts of imidazolium polyacrylates have been prepared from postpolymerization functionalization of a brominated precursor containing mesogenic side chains followed by anion exchange. The ionic polyacrylates possessed molecular weights in the range 1.1–1.3 × 104 g·mol−1. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements and polarizing optical microscope observation indicated that the resultant ionic polyacrylates exhibited smectic C and A liquid crystal phases over a temperature range of about 60°C. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements show that ionic conductivities of the hydroxide salt were much higher than those of the tetrafluoroborate salt for the imidazolium polyacrylates at the same temperature. The maximum ionic conductivity of the random hydroxide salt of imidazolium polyacrylate in the smectic A phase reached 4.45 × 10−2 S·cm−1. The ionic polyacrylates were successfully aligned by mechanical shearing in the smectic A phase. Ionic conductivities of the sheared samples were more than 1 order of magnitude higher than those of the random samples in the solid state. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41564.
Brief Report: Ankylosing Spondylitis or Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis in Royal Egyptian Mummies of the 18th–20th Dynasties? Computed Tomography and Archaeology Studies
Authors: Saleem Sahar N. , Hawass Zahi 
Published: October 2014

ObjectiveTo study the computed tomography (CT) images of royal Ancient Egyptian mummies dated to the 18th to early 20th Dynasties for the claimed diagnoses of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) and to correlate the findings with the archaeology literature.MethodsWe studied the CT images of 13 royal Ancient Egyptian mummies (1492–1153 BC) for evidence of AS and DISH and correlated our findings with the archaeology literature.ResultsThe findings of the CT scans excluded the diagnosis of AS, based on the absence of sacroiliac joint erosions or fusion of the facet joints. Four mummies fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for DISH: Amenhotep III (18th Dynasty), Ramesses II, his son Merenptah, and Ramesses III (19th to early 20th Dynasties). The diagnosis of DISH, a commonly asymptomatic disease of old age, in the 4 pharaohs is in concordance with their longevity and active lifestyles.ConclusionCT findings excluded the diagnosis of AS in the studied royal Ancient Egyptian mummies and brought into question the antiquity of the disease. The CT features of DISH during this ancient period were similar to those commonly seen in modern populations, and it is likely that they will also be similar in the future. The affection of Ramesses II and his son Merenptah supports familial clustering of DISH. The process of mummification may induce changes in the spine that should be considered during investigations of disease in ancient mummies.
Risk of Incident Diabetes in Patients With Gout: A Cohort Study
Authors: Kim Seoyoung C. , Liu Jun , Solomon Daniel H. 
Published: October 2014

ObjectivePatients with hyperuricemia or gout often have metabolic syndrome. Few prospective studies have examined the risk of incident diabetes mellitus (DM) in patients with gout, and there are no data to indicate whether the risk of DM in gout differs by sex. Therefore, this cohort study was undertaken to examine the overall and sex‐specific incidence rates of DM in patients with gout.MethodsUsing data from a US commercial insurance plan (2003–2012), the overall and sex‐specific incidence rates of DM in patients with gout (ages ≥40 years) were compared to those in patients with osteoarthritis (OA). Incident DM was defined as a diagnosis of DM and at least one dispensing of an antidiabetic drug. The sex‐specific effect of gout on DM risk was also examined.ResultsThe primary study cohorts consisted of 54,075 patients with gout and 162,225 patients with OA, matched for age, sex, and index date. In both cohorts, the mean age of the patients was 56.2 years, and 84.8% were men. Over a mean followup of 1.9 years, the incidence rate of DM was 1.91 per 100 person‐years in patients with gout and 1.12 per 100 person‐years in patients with OA. Multivariable Cox models adjusted for age, comorbidities, medications, and health care utilization factors revealed that gout was associated with an increased risk of DM (hazard ratio 1.45, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.37–1.54) in both sexes. The impact of gout on the risk of incident DM was greater in women (hazard ratio 1.78, 95% CI 1.51–2.09) than in men (hazard ratio 1.41, 95% CI 1.33–1.50), with a significant interaction between gout and sex in relation to the risk of incident DM (P= 0.0009).ConclusionGout was associated with an increased risk of developing DM compared to that in patients with OA after adjustment for potential confounders. In addition, the risk of incident DM associated with gout was higher among women than among men.