bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topical cannabinoid receptor 1 agonist attenuates the cutaneous inflammatory responses in oxazolone‐induced atopic dermatitis model
Authors: Kim Hyun Jong , Kim Bongwoo , Park Bu Man , Jeon Jeong Eun , Lee Sin Hee , Mann Shivtaj , Ahn Sung Ku , Hong Seung‐Phil , Jeong Se Kyoo 
Published: June 2015

SummaryBackgroundEven with the widespread clinical use of cannabinoid receptor (CBR) stimulating compounds, such as palmitoylethanolamine, the role ofCBRagonists on inflammatory skin diseases is not yet fully understood. This study was performed to investigate the effects ofCBRagonists on skin inflammation, using acute and chronic inflammation animal models.MethodsThe effectiveness of the newly synthesized cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) agonists was determined usingin vitroassays. Markers for epidermal permeability barrier function and skin inflammation were measured, and histological assessments were performed for evaluation.ResultsTopical application ofCB1R‐specific agonist significantly accelerated the recovery of epidermal permeability barrier function and showed anti‐inflammatory activity in both acute and chronic inflammation models. Histological assessments also confirmed the anti‐inflammatory effects, which is consistent with previous reports.ConclusionsAll of the results suggest that topical application ofCB1R‐specific agonist can be beneficial for alleviating the inflammatory symptoms in chronic skin diseases, including atopic dermatitis.
Microencapsulation of flaxseed oil by soya proteins–gum arabic complex coacervation
Authors: Dong Die , Qi Zhengliang , Hua Yufei , Chen Yeming , Kong Xiangzhen , Zhang Caimeng 
Published: June 2015

SummaryApplication of soya proteins (SP) in flaxseed oil microencapsulation based on complex coacervation was investigated. The effects of SP/gum arabic (GA) mixing ratio (1:2, 1:1 and 2:1) and pH (2.80, 3.15 and 3.75) on coacervate preparation were studied firstly. The highest coacervate yields (CY) were achieved at SP/GA = 1:1, pH 3.15, and SP/GA = 2:1, pH 3.75, which were 81.2 ± 2.0%, 88.1 ± 0.6%, respectively. Thereafter, the microencapsulation of flaxseed oil was detected in accordance with the results of the coacervation of SP/GA, that is the optimal condition for microencapsulation was corresponded to the condition where CY was the highest. Under the conditions of SP/GA = 1:1, pH 3.15, and SP/GA = 2:1, pH 3.75, the microencapsulation efficiency and total yield reached 81.5 ± 0.1% and 81.7 ± 0.4%, and 77.4 ± 3.7% and 86.7 ± 2.4%, respectively. Microscopic morphology revealed that the formation of a biopolymer shell around the oil droplets was achieved at specific conditions.
Effects of breed and age at slaughter on degradation of muscle lipids during processing of dry‐cured hams
Authors: Storrustløkken Linda , Devle Hanne Marie , Gangsei Lars Erik , Naess‐Andresen Carl Fredrik , Egelandsdal Bjørg , Alvseike Ole , Ekeberg Dag 
Published: June 2015

SummaryHams from Landrace, Duroc and Hampshire pigs slaughtered at ages 6, 7.5 and 9 months were processed to generate Norwegian Parma‐style hams. Lipid contents and the compositions of fatty acid classes (ΣSFA, ΣMUFA, ΣPUFA) within neutral lipids, phospholipids and free fatty acids were determined. Small differences in lipid degradation and composition of the classes were revealed. However, significant sensory differences related to lipids were observed. Breed was more important than age. Dry‐cured Hampshire hams gave a more intense mature odour that may be associated with higher overall lipid degradation. Unexpectedly, these hams also demonstrated high juiciness and tenderness, which could be related to the melting characteristics of the fat. Dry‐cured Duroc hams showed a higher susceptibility towards rancidity, presumably associated with preferential oxidation of n‐6 fatty acids relative to C18:1 n‐9. Dry‐cured Landrace hams showed the lowest juiciness and tenderness, likely due to their lower fat content (marbling).
Modification of poovan banana (Musa AAB) starch by γ‐irradiation: effect on in vitro digestibility, molecular structure and physico‐chemical properties
Authors: Koteswara Reddy Chagam , Vidya Puthan Veettil , Vijina Korambeth , Haripriya Sundaramoorthy 
Published: June 2015

SummaryThis study focussed at evaluating the effect of gamma irradiation on the in vitro digestibility, molecular structure and physico‐chemical properties of poovan banana (Musa AAB) starch using γ‐rays from a 60Co source at different doses with a dose rate of 2 kGy h−1. Physico‐chemical properties varied significantly and exhibited strong dose‐dependent relationship. Escalating irradiation leads to decrease in amylose content, pH, swelling power of the starch granules and syneresis of the gelatinised starch, while the same led to an increase in carboxyl content, in vitro digestibility, solubility and water absorption capacity of the starch granules. The results revealed that peak, hold, final and setback viscosities were significantly reduced. X‐ray diffraction pattern remained the same upon irradiation but a decrease in relative crystallinity was observed with increasing irradiation dose. Gelatinisation temperature and enthalpy decreased significantly when the increasing the dose of gamma irradiation.
Evaluating the effects of herbal essences from spearmint and wild thyme on the quality of camel's milk
Authors: Maaroufi Seyyed H. , Rezaei Karamatollah , Raftaniamiri Zeynab , Mirzaei Farhad 
Published: June 2015

SummaryThe aim of this study was to improve the sensory and physicochemical properties of camel's milk using two essential oils (EOs), spearmint (Mentha spicata) and wild thyme (Zataria multiflora). Total bacterial counts in the flavoured milks were lower than those of the plain milk, and microbial population was the lowest in the milk containing spearmint EO during 5 days of storage. Considering the sensory evaluations, milks treated with the above EOs received higher scores compared with those of untreated milk. The highest scores were given to the milk containing spearmint EO at 0.09 mL L−1. No significant differences were observed in the mean particle sizes of the samples after 5 days of storage. The addition of EOs from camel's milk resulted in higher organoleptic properties and shelf life, and, in turn, it can improve the consumption rate of camel's milk.
Metabolomics reveals consistency of the shoot system in Medicago truncatula by HPLC‐UV‐ESI‐MS/MS
Authors: Fu Fuyou , Wang Hong Li 
Published: June 2015

SummaryFlavonoids not only play crucial roles in plant development and resistance, but also provide one of the major natural sources in human nutrition. To investigate the distribution of flavonoids in the shoot system of Medicago truncatula, a high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometer (HPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS) method was established and then applied to determine the quantitation of flavonoids in different parts of the plant. There were twenty‐two, fifteen and eleven different kinds of flavonoids identified from the flower, leaf and stem of M. truncatula, respectively. The identified constituents were either aglycone or glycosides of the typical flavonoid backbones, such as myricetin, quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol, tricin, apigenin and laricitrin. It was found that the shoot system of M. truncatula can be differentiated by flavonoids in terms of structures and contents. Our results provide instruction to utilise the shoot system of legume crops as fodder and herb medicine in the future.
Evaluation of hot and cold extraction of bioactive compounds in teas
Authors: de Carvalho Rodrigues Vanessa , da Silva Marcos V. , dos Santos Adriele R. , Zielinski Acácio A. F. , Haminiuk Charles W. I. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryThis study evaluated the bioactive compounds of different types of tea by comparing hot and cold infusions. A multivariate data analysis was carried out, where the principal components analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were used. Phenolic compounds varied between 267.27–2896.00 mg GAE L−1 and 215.10–7351.33 mg GAE L−1 for hot (80 °C) and cold extraction (20–25 °C), respectively. In the case of their antioxidant activity, results with DPPH were 43.10‐73.67% for hot extraction and 46.80‐77.13% for cold extraction. The average values for the ABTS˙+ method ranged between 2535.43 and 33 300.17 μmol TE L−1 and between 1110.34 and 38 300.67 μmol TE L−1, respectively, for hot and cold extraction. Different compounds were identified by liquid chromatography in the samples evaluated, where caffeine presented the higher concentrations in the teas. Samples of green and black tea (hot extraction) and white tea (cold extraction) showed bacteriostatic activity for S. aureus and E. coli. No extract had any bactericide activity. The current study revealed that cold infusion was more efficient in the extraction of bioactive compounds.
Associations of sedentary time patterns and TV viewing time with inflammatory and endothelial function biomarkers in children
Authors: Gabel L. , Ridgers N. D. , Della Gatta P. A. , Arundell L. , Cerin E. , Robinson S. , Daly R. M. , Dunstan D. W. , Salmon J. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryObjectiveInvestigate associations of TV viewing time and accelerometry‐derived sedentary time with inflammatory and endothelial function biomarkers in children.MethodsCross‐sectional analysis of 164 7–10‐year‐old children. TV viewing time was assessed by parental proxy report and total and patterns of sedentary time accumulation (e.g. prolonged bouts) were assessed by accelerometry. C‐reactive protein (CRP), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, interleukin‐2, ‐6, ‐8, ‐10, tumour necrosis factor alpha, adiponectin, resistin, brain‐derived neurotrophic factor, soluble intercellular and vascular adhesion molecule 1, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 and soluble E‐selectin were assessed. Generalised linear models assessed the associations of TV viewing and sedentary time with biomarkers, adjusting for sex, waist circumference, moderate‐ to vigorous‐intensity physical activity and diet density.ResultsEach additional h week−1 of TV viewing was associated with 4.4% (95% CI: 2.1, 6.7) greater CRP and 0.6% (0.2, 1.0) greater sVCAM‐1 in the fully adjusted model. The association between frequency and duration of 5–10 min bouts of sedentary time and CRP was positive after adjustment for sex and waist circumference but attenuated after adjustment for diet density.ConclusionsThis study suggests that TV viewing was unfavourably associated with several markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. The detrimental association between 5 and 10 min bouts of sedentary time and CRP approached significance, suggesting that further research with a stronger study design (longitudinal and/or experimental) is needed to better understand how the accumulation of sedentary time early in life may influence short and longer term health.
Low grandparental social support combined with low parental socioeconomic status is closely associated with obesity in preschool‐aged children: a pilot study
Authors: Lindberg L. , Ek A. , Nyman J. , Marcus C. , Ulijaszek S. , Nowicka P. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryWhile the influence of parental socioeconomic status (SES) on children's weight status is well known, the impact of other family‐related aspects such as parental and grandparental social support is less understood. This study investigates the importance of parents'SESand social support (functional and structural) for weight status in a clinical sample of preschoolers 4–6 years old with obesity (n = 39, 56% girls; 73% of parents were overweight/obese, 50% were of non‐Swedish origin). Linear regression analyses, simple and multiple, were performed onSESand social support with childBMI SDS(body mass index standard deviation score) as the dependent variable. The results show that parents' income and low emotional support from paternal grandparents were significantly associated with more severe obesity. The association between parental income and the child'sBMI SDSwas stronger among parents who had low emotional support from their own parents. In conclusion, grandparental social support may be protective against childhood obesity.
The role of mobile‐computing self‐efficacy in consumer information disclosure
Authors: Keith Mark J. , Babb Jeffry S. , Lowry Paul Benjamin , Furner Christopher P. , Abdullat Amjad 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSmartphones are increasingly penetrating business and consumer markets, and mobile applications (apps) have engendered a large and innovative market. Whereas apps are useful, they also present new forms of privacy risk associated with users' personal and location data. However, these dangers do not appear to increase the perceived risk or reduce the trust consumers demonstrate when using apps. Many information technology (IT) trust indicators are well documented such as the quality of the IT, trust assurances, brand recognition and social influences. However, these traditional indicators appear to have a lesser impact on the adoption of mobile commerce via apps because of the nature of mobile‐app adoption and subsequent information disclosure. As a result, we draw from social cognitive theory and its construct of self‐efficacy in particular to explain perceived mobile‐app risk and provider trust. Through two controlled experiments, we demonstrate the strong direct effect of mobile‐computing self‐efficacy on users' initial trust in location‐based app vendors as well as their perceived risk of disclosing information – regardless of the actual trustworthiness of the app vendor. The results imply that being skilled in the latest smartphones and apps can cause users to place greater trust in app providers and perceive less risk in the app itself, even when the intentions of the app providers cannot be verified.
Dynamic location problem under uncertainty with a regret‐based measure of robustness
Authors: Marques Maria do Céu , Dias Joana Matos 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we present a dynamic uncapacitated facility location problem that considers uncertainty in fixed and assignment costs as well as in the sets of potential facility locations and possible customers. Uncertainty is represented via a set of scenarios. Our aim is to minimize the expected total cost, explicitly considering regret. Regret is understood as a measure, for each scenario, of the loss incurred for not choosing that scenario's optimal solution if that scenario indeed occurred. We guarantee that the regret for each scenario is always upper bounded. We present a mixed integer programming model for the problem and we propose a solution approach based on Lagrangean relaxation integrating a local neighborhood search and a subgradient algorithm to update Lagrangean multipliers. The problem and the solutions obtained are first analyzed through the use of illustrative examples. Computational results over sets of randomly generated test problems are also provided.
Thermal Expansion Reduction in Alumina‐Toughened Zirconia by Incorporation of Zirconium Tungstate and Aluminum Tungstate
Authors: Romao Carl P. , Marinkovic Bojan A. , Werner‐Zwanziger Ulrike , White Mary Anne 
Published: June 2015

A series of composites containing yttria‐stabilized zirconia, Al2O3, and the thermomiotic (negative thermal expansion) materials ZrW2O8 and Al2W3O12 were prepared by an in situ solid‐state reaction during sintering. Microstructural analysis of the composites indicated several sub‐micron sized components. 27Al MAS NMR was used to characterize the aluminum‐containing phase distribution. Measurement of the coefficients of thermal expansion showed that the addition of thermomiotic components reduced the thermal expansivity of the alumina‐toughened zirconia matrix, but the reduction was considerably smaller than what would be predicted by the rule of mixtures. The Turner model was much more accurate in predicting the coefficients of thermal expansion of the composites due to the large differences in stiffness between the components.
Biogeography of the land snail genus Allognathus (Helicidae): middle Miocene colonization of the Balearic Islands
Authors: Chueca Luis J. , Madeira María José , Gómez‐Moliner Benjamín J. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimWe infer the evolutionary history of the land snail genus Allognathus from a molecular phylogeny. An approximate temporal framework for its colonization of the Balearic Islands and diversification within the archipelago is provided according to palaeogeographical events in the western Mediterranean Basin.LocationThe Balearic Islands, Western Mediterranean.MethodsA 2461‐bp DNA sequence dataset was generated from one nuclear and two mitochondrial gene fragments in 87 specimens, covering all nominal taxa of the genus Allognathus. Through maximum‐likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic methods along with a Bayesian molecular clock, we examined the evolutionary history of the group. Ancestral distribution ranges were estimated for divergence events across the tree using a Bayesian approach. We also used genetic species‐delimitation models to determine the taxonomy of Allognathus.ResultsWe provided the first molecular phylogeny of Allognathus, a genus endemic to the Balearic Islands. The origin of the genus in the Balearic Islands was dated to the middle Miocene based on palaeogeographical events in the Western Mediterranean. During the late Miocene and Pliocene, several diversification events occurred within the archipelago. The ancestral range of Allognathus was reconstructed as the north‐eastern Tramuntana Mountains of Mallorca.Main conclusionsThree species were delimited within the genus, one of which has at least five subspecies. The phylogenetic reconstruction showed a high degree of parallelism between the divergence of the main Allognathus lineages and the palaeogeography of the Balearic Islands. The genus appears to have colonized Mallorca from the south‐east of the Iberian Peninsula during the middle Miocene. Sea level fluctuations that took place in the Western Mediterranean from the Messinian to the present are consistent with the diversification and secondary contacts of the phylogroups of Allognathus, as well as their distribution ranges. The middle Miocene could have been a period for the colonization of the Balearic Islands by other terrestrial organisms.
Comparison of clinical characteristics in patients with type 2 diabetes among whom different antihyperglycemic agents were prescribed as monotherapy or combination therapy by diabetes specialists
Authors: Fujihara Kazuya , Hanyu Osamu , Heianza Yoriko , Suzuki Akiko , Yamada Takaho , Yokoyama Hiroki , Tanaka Shiro , Yagyu Hiroaki , Shimano Hitoshi , Kashiwagi Atsunori , Yamazaki Katuya , Kawai Koichi , Sone Hirohito 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAims/IntroductionWe compared clinical characteristics in patients with type 2 diabetes for whom different antihyperglycemic agents were prescribed as monotherapy or combination therapy by diabetes specialists in Japan.Materials and MethodsPrescription data for 2005, 2008 and 2011 from diabetes specialists' patient registries identified variables related to prescription of different antihyperglycemic agents.ResultsA total of 33,251 prescriptions in 2005, 25,119 in 2008 and 20,631 in 2011 were analyzed. Prescribing insulin was related to younger age, long duration of diabetes and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥8.0%, but was negatively associated with obesity. Prescribing sulfonylureas was related to older age and long duration of diabetes, but not to obesity. Use of biguanides was related to younger age, short duration of diabetes and obesity, but was negatively associated with HbA1c ≥8.0%. A short duration of diabetes and HbA1c ≥8.0% were associated with use of a DPP‐4 inhibitor, but not with obesity. Prescribing GLP‐1 receptor agonists was related to younger age, obesity and HbA1c ≥8.0%. Odds ratios for each antihyperglycemic combination therapy were determined based on the characteristics of each included antihyperglycemic agent.ConclusionsThese results could be expected to reflect in part the consensus of diabetes specialists, and might provide guidance regarding pharmacotherapy in the clinical setting.
Influence of atherosclerosis‐related risk factors on serum high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein levels in patients with type 2 diabetes: Comparison of their influence in obese and non‐obese patients
Authors: Shimoda Masashi , Kaneto Hideaki , Yoshioka Hiroshi , Okauchi Seizo , Hirukawa Hidenori , Kimura Tomohiko , Kanda‐Kimura Yukiko , Kohara Kenji , Kamei Shinji , Kawasaki Fumiko , Mune Tomoatsu , Kaku Kohei 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAims/IntroductionIncreased levels of high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) likely leads to the development of atherosclerosis. Therefore, it is very important to know which factors largely influence hs‐CRP levels. In the present study, we examined the influence of various atherosclerosis‐related factors on hs‐CRP levels in patients with type 2 diabetes.Materials and MethodsA total of 275 patients (176 men, 99 women) were enrolled in this study. We tested the relationship between the number of risk factors reaching a desired value and hs‐CRP levels. The Mann–Whitney U‐test was used to compare two groups. The Kruskal–Wallis test was used to carry out overall group comparisons, and the Steel–Dwass test was used to carry out between‐group comparisons. Spearman's rank correlation was carried out to study the correlation between hs‐CRP levels and clinical parameters. Multivariate regression method was used to analyze the factors independently contributing to hs‐CRP levels.ResultsHs‐CRP levels were lower in patients with a larger number of risk factors reaching a desired value. In particular, triglyceride and body mass index (BMI) were independent risk factors determining hs‐CRP levels in a multivariate regression analysis. Furthermore, we compared the influence of various factors on hs‐CRP levels in both obese (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) and non‐obese patients with type 2 diabetes (BMI <25 kg/m2). In obese groups, BMI and urinary albumin were independent risk factors determining hs‐CRP levels, whereas triglyceride and statin were independent risk factors in non‐obese patients.ConclusionsThere is some difference in the factors responsible for hs‐CRP levels in obese and non‐obese patients with type 2 diabetes.