bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Indol‐3‐ylbenzofulvenes Through a Tandem Reaction Catalyzed by Cationic Gold(I) Complexes.
Authors: Alvarez Estela , Miguel Delia , Garcia‐Garcia Patricia , Fernandez‐Rodriguez Manuel A. , Rodriguez Felix , Sanz Roberto 
Published: September 2012

AbstractGold‐catalyzed intramolecular transformation of propargylindoles provide benzofulvenes (II) and (III) via a tandem 1,2‐indole migration/aura‐iso‐Nazarov‐cyclization/elimination sequence.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu(II)‐Catalyzed C—H (SP3) Oxidation and C—N Cleavage: Base‐Switched Methylenation and Formylation Using Tetramethylethylenediamine as a Carbon Source.
Authors: Zhang Lei , Peng Chen , Zhao Dan , Wang Yue , Fu Hai‐Jian , Shen Qi , Li Jian‐Xin 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIf the starting material reacts sluggishly, the reaction can be conducted under reflux in DMA.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Arylation of o‐Bromoanilides: Highly Flexible Synthesis of Hexahydropyrroloindole Alkaloids.
Authors: Zhou Yongyun , Xi Yongkai , Zhao Jingfeng , Sheng Xianfu , Zhang Shuqin , Zhang Hongbin 
Published: September 2012

AbstractTreatment of o‐bromoanilides bearing a tethered carbamate or sulfinamide group with LiN(Tms)2/ CuI allows a new access to 3,3‐disubstituted oxindole derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalyzed Enantioselective Formal [4 + 2] Cycloaddition of 2,3‐Disubstituted Indole and Methyl Vinyl Ketone.
Authors: Cai Quan , You Shu‐Li 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe title reaction allows a new and efficient access to enantioenriched hexahydrocarbazoles and bridged ring indoline products.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of Imidazolines with Quaternary Stereocenters by Organocatalytic Reaction of N‐(Heteroarenesulfonyl)imines with Isocyanoacetates
Authors: Nakamura Shuichi , Maeno Yuri , Ohara Mutsuyo , Yamamura Akiko , Funahashi Yasuhiro , Shibata Norio 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAn efficient and stereoselective method to prepare imidazolines bearing quaternary centers is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) Catalyzed Cycloaddition of CO2 to N‐Tosyl Aziridines: Regio‐ and Stereoselective Synthesis of Oxazolidine‐2‐ones.
Authors: Seayad Jayasree , Seayad Abdul Majeed , Ng Joseph Kok Peng , Chai Christina Li Lin 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAn efficient synthesis of di‐ and trisubstituted oxazolidinones is described by IPrCl‐catalyzed carboxylation of N‐tosyl aziridines (I) and (V) with carbon dioxide.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold Catalysis: One‐Pot Alkylideneoxazoline Synthesis/Alder‐Ene Reaction.
Authors: Hashmi A. Stephen K. , Littmann Anna 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe reaction of N‐propargylamides (I) and azodicarboxylates (II) provides functionalized oxazoles (III) in high yields through a five‐step cycloisomerization/Alder‐ene reaction pathway.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd(II)‐Catalyzed ortho Arylation of 2‐Arylbenzothiazoles with Aryl Iodides via Benzothiazole‐Directed C—H Activation.
Authors: Ding Qiuping , Ji Huafang , Wang Dan , Lin Yuqing , Yu Weihua , Peng Yiyuan 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA novel, regioselective and efficient method for the synthesis of the compounds (III) and (V) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Traceless Tosyhydrazone‐Based Triazole Formation: A Metal‐Free Alternative to Strain‐Promoted Azide—Alkyne Cycloaddition.
Authors: van Berkel Sander S. , Brauch Sebastian , Gabriel Lars , Henze Michael , Stark Sebastian , Vasilev Dimitar , Wessjohann Ludger A. , Abbas Muhammad , Westermann Bernhard 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe Sakai reaction as an alternative strategy for metal‐free triazole formation is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereo‐ and Regio‐Selective One‐Pot Synthesis of Triazole‐Based Unnatural Amino Acids and β‐Amino Triazoles.
Authors: Baig R. B. Nasir , Varma Rajender S. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe reaction has a broad substrate scope and is conducted under environmentally benign conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a New Series of Oxadiazoles and Triazoles as Antimicrobial Agents.
Authors: Rastogi Nisheeth , Kant Padam , Sethi Rakesh , Shukla Sarveshwar , Tripathi Diwakar 
Published: September 2012

AbstractNovel 2‐thioxooxadiazoles and ‐triazoles as well as their S‐ or N‐substituted analogues are prepared and tested for their antifungal and antibacterial potency.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Some New Lactosylated‐1,2,4‐dithiazolidine (Hydrochlorides).
Authors: Deshmukh S. K. , Agrawal P. T. , Deshmukh S. P. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAll 1,2,4‐dithiazolidines are screened for both antibacterial and antifungal activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of cis‐2,6‐Tetrahydropyran‐4‐one via Diastereoselectively Intramolecular Cyclization of β‐Hydroxy Allyl Ketone.
Authors: Lee Adam Shih‐Yuan , Lin Li‐Shin , Chang Yu‐Ting 
Published: September 2012

AbstractHydroxy allyl ketones (III) are prepared without protection of the hydroxy group under Barbier‐type conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Copper‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Synthesis of 3‐C‐Linked Glycosyl Iminocoumarins.
Authors: Palanichamy Kalanidhi , Suravarapu Sankar R. , Kaliappan Krishna P. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe reaction provides a general strategy for the synthesis of previously unknown title compounds as antibiotic analogues.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐Substituted Isocoumarin Derivatives via CuI‐Catalyzed Reaction of o‐Bromobenzamides with 1,3‐Diketones.
Authors: Cai Shangjun , Wang Fei , Xi Chanjuan 
Published: September 2012

AbstractOptimized conditions which need neither an additive nor a ligand are developed for the preparation of the important heterocyclic scaffolds.
ChemInform Abstract: Ytterbium Perfluorooctanoate [Yb(PFO)3]: A Novel and Efficient Catalyst for the Synthesis of Tetrahydrobenzo[a]xanthene‐11‐ones under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Sundar Chereddy Syama , Rao Kunda Uma Maheswara , Reddy Nemallapudi Bakthavatchala , Reddy Mudumala Veera Narayama , Prasad Sthanikam Siva , Reddy Cirandur Suresh 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA novel and rapid method for the synthesis of the title compounds is reported by using a reusable catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: DPTA‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Regioselective Synthesis of Polysubstituted Pyridines and 1,4‐Dihydropyridines.
Authors: Li Jianjun , He Ping , Yu Chuanming 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAdvantages of the protocol include excellent yields, environmentally benign source of nitrogen, and mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of 1,4‐Disubstituted 3‐Amino‐2‐pyridone Derivatives via Three‐Component Reactions of Alkynyl Aldehydes and Amines with Ethyl 2‐((Diphenylmethylene)amino)acetate.
Authors: Zhou Qingfa , Chu Xueping , Tang Weifang , Lu Tao 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA mild, room temperature, one‐pot route to diverse 1,4‐disubstituted pyridone derivatives is described.
ChemInform Abstract: [Ru(bpy)3]2+ Aided Photocatalytic Synthesis of 2‐Arylpyridines via Hantzsch Reaction under Visible Irradiation and Oxygen Atmosphere.
Authors: Ananthakrishnan Rajakumar , Gazi Sarifuddin 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA simple and green synthesis of the compounds (III) is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclization—Carbonylation—Cyclization Coupling Reactions of N‐Propargylanilines and o‐Alkynylphenols with Palladium(II)—Bisoxazoline Catalysts.
Authors: Kusakabe Taichi , Sekiyama Emika , Ishino Yukari , Motodate Satoshi , Kato Shigeki , Mochida Tomoyuki , Kato Keisuke 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA CCC‐coupling of N‐propargylanilines (I) or o‐alkynylphenols (VIII) in the presence of Pd(II)‐complexes with racemic bisoxazoline ligands is investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Route to 4‐(Adamantan‐1‐yl)quinoline Derivatives Based on the Friedlaender Condensation.
Authors: Kozubkova Zuzana , Rouchal Michal , Necas Marek , Vicha Robert 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe synthesis of the novel title compounds is limited by the bulkiness of the substituents.
ChemInform Abstract: A Ligand‐Free Pd‐Catalyzed Cascade Reaction: An Access to the Highly Diverse Isoquinolin‐1(2H)‐one Derivatives via Isocyanide and Ugi‐MCR Synthesized Amide Precursors.
Authors: Tyagi Vikas , Khan Shahnawaz , Giri Archana , Gauniyal Harsh M. , Sridhar B. , Chauhan Prem M. S. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA new and efficient method to prepare various isoquinolinone derivatives is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Improved Synthesis of 1‐Oxo‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroacridine‐9‐carboxylic Acids from Isatins and 1,3‐Cyclohexanedione.
Authors: Lv Qinghua , Fang Lizhen , Lu Chenjuan , Wang Pengfei 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe reaction proceeds smoothly in the presence of toluenesulfonic acid and water.
ChemInform Abstract: An Acid‐Promoted Novel Skeletal Rearrangement Initiated by Intramolecular ipso‐Friedel—Crafts‐Type Addition to 3‐Alkylidene Indolenium Cations.
Authors: Yokosaka Takuya , Nemoto Tetsuhiro , Hamada Yasumasa 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAn innovative method for the synthesis of tricyclic indole derivatives which are of potential interest as scaffolds for drug design under mild and simple reaction conditions is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2,5‐Disubstituted 6‐Azaindoles from Substituted Aziridines via Intramolecular Cyclization.
Authors: Lee Hogyu , Kim Jun Hee , Lee Won Koo , Jung Jae‐Hoon , Ha Hyun‐Joon 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA new and efficient method to prepare biologically important 2,5‐disubstituted 6‐azaindoles is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Synthesis of Functional Azaxanthones by Using a Domino Three‐Component Reaction.
Authors: Yan Jianwei , Cheng Ming , Hu Feng , Hu Youhong 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA new, mild, and efficient method to prepare substituted 2‐aza‐ and 2,4‐diazaxanthones is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Intramolecular Formal [2 + 4] Annulation of Acrylates and α,β‐Unsaturated Imines Catalyzed by Amino Acid Derived Phosphines.
Authors: Jin Zhichao , Yang Ruojie , Du Yu , Tiwari Bhoopendra , Ganguly Rakesh , Chi Yonggui Robin 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe title reaction allows a new, efficient, and highly stereoselective access to various chromenopyridinone derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile and Rapid One‐Step Synthesis of 8‐Substituted Xanthine Derivatives via Tandem Ring Closure at Room Temperature.
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Prabal , Agrawal Sumit K. , Sathe Manisha , Sharma Pratibha , Kaushik M. P. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractNBS efficiently promotes the condensation of aldehydes with uracil derivative (I) in the presence of a catalytic amount of AIBN in a single step via a radical chain reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Disubstituted Pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines, Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyrimidines, and Pyrimido[1,2‐a]benzimidazoles Containing Thioether and Aryl Moieties.
Authors: Li Gang , Zhang Zun‐Ting , Dai Li‐Yan , Du Yin‐Li , Xue Dong 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA simple and efficient method for the synthesis of the title compounds, which may biologically interesting properties, is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Pyrazino[2,1‐b]quinazolines and 3‐Indolyl‐2(1H)‐pyrazinones Employing a Chemoselective Silver(I)‐ and Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Reaction.
Authors: Vachhani Dipak D. , Mehta Vaibhav P. , Modha Sachin G. , Van Hecke Kristof , Van Meervelt Luc , Van der Eycken Erik V. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe different heterocyclic scaffolds are obtained from the same substrates under microwave‐assisted conditions using AgOTf or AuCl as catalysts, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Concise Enantioselective Construction of a Bridged Azatricyclic Framework via Domino Semipinacol—Schmidt Reaction.
Authors: Puppala Manohar , Murali Annamalai , Baskaran Sundarababu 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIf an enantiomerically enriched compound (I) is used as starting material, the reaction proceeds with preservation of the stereochemical information.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Synthesis of Novel Macrocyclic 2‐Amino‐6‐arylpyrimidine Hsp90 Inhibitors.
Authors: Suda Atsushi , et al. et al. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAmong a variety of novel macrocyclic compounds, derivative (I) shows high binding affinity for N‐terminal heat shock protein (Hsp90) and strong anti‐proliferative activity against human cancer cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel One‐Pot Synthesis of Spiro[indoline‐3,4′‐pyrazolo[3,4‐e][1,4]thiazepine]diones Using Recyclable Bioglycerol‐Based Sulfonic Acid Functionalized Carbon Catalyst.
Authors: Karnakar K. , Murthy S. Narayana , Ramesh K. , Reddy K. Harsha Vardhan , Nageswar Y. V. D. , Chandrakala U. , Devi B. L. A. Prabhavathi , Prasad R. B. N. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe simple protocol allows the rapid access to biologically important scaffolds such as (IV) and (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Alkenylboronic Esters.
Authors: Ganic Adnan , Pfaltz Andreas 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe optimized phosphino‐imidazoline iridium complex IMI is found to be highly active and enantioselective for the hydrogenation of terminal vinyl boronic esters.
ChemInform Abstract: Ni‐Catalyzed Construction of C—P Bonds from Electron‐Deficient Phenols via the in situ Aryl C—O Activation by PyBroP.
Authors: Zhao Yu‐Long , Wu Guo‐Jie , Han Fu‐She 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe new protocol for the construction of C—P bonds in amenable to various phenol derivatives and different types of phosphorus nucleophiles such as phosphine oxides and phosphites.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium(IV) Porphyrin Catalyzed Phosphoramidation of Aldehydes with Phosphoryl Azides as a Nitrene Source.
Authors: Xiao Wenbo , Zhou Cong‐Ying , Che Chi‐Ming 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe reaction works with alkyl phosphoryl azides as well and can be scaled up.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of Optically Active Alkylphosphonates via Rh‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of β‐Substituted α,β‐Unsaturated Phosphonates.
Authors: Duan Zheng‐chao , Wang Lian‐zhi , Song Xin‐jian , Hu Xiang‐ping , Zheng Zhuo 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA diversity of enantio‐enriched β‐branched phosphonates is obtained by Rh‐catalyzed hydrogenation of α,β‐unsaturated phosphonates in the presence of chiral Walphos ligand.
ChemInform Abstract: New Myrsinol Diterpenes from Euphorbia prolifera and Their Inhibitory Activities on LPS‐Induced NO Production.
Authors: Xu Jing , Jin Da‐qin , Guo Yuanqiang , Xie Chunfeng , Ma Yonggang , Yamakuni Tohru , Ohizumi Yasushi 
Published: September 2012

AbstractEuphorbialoids A—J and 2 known analogues are isolated from the roots.
ChemInform Abstract: Trigoxyphins H and I: Two New Daphnane Diterpenoids from Trigonostemon xyphophylloides.
Authors: Yang Biao , Chen Guang‐Ying , Song Xiao‐Ping , Yang Liu‐Qing , Han Chang‐Ri , Wu Xiang‐Yang , Li Xiao‐Man , Zou Bing‐Yan 
Published: September 2012

AbstractTrigoxyphins H (I) and I (II) are isolated along with 4 known analogues.
ChemInform Abstract: Identification of New Polyprenyl Hydroquinone Derivatives from Tropical Marine Sponge Ircinia sp.
Authors: Lee Hyi‐Seung , Lee Yeon‐Ju , Lee Jong Wook , Shin Hee Jae , Lee Jong Seok , Kim Kil‐Nam , Yoon Weon‐Jong , Heo Soo‐Jin , Kim Hye‐Kyeong 
Published: September 2012

Abstractisolation and structure elucidation of three new polyprenyl chromenes (I)
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Method for the Functionalization of the 4‐ and 6‐Positions of the Androgen Skeleton.
Authors: Morton Daniel , Dick Allison R. , Ghosh Debashis , Davies Huw M. L. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractUnder dirhodium catalysis R—OH insertion occurs at the carbenoid site of vinyldiazo steroids.
ChemInform Abstract: Organosilicon‐Mediated Regioselective Acetylation of Carbohydrates.
Authors: Zhou Yixuan , Ramstroem Olof , Dong Hai 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe regioselectivity of the novel and mild title reaction shows the same product pattern as for the traditional organotin‐mediated approaches by using common acylation reagents.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of (‐)‐Linarinic Acid Derivatives as Neuroprotective Agents Against OGD‐Induced Cell Damage.
Authors: Tian Yu , Ma Chao , Feng Linyin , Zhang Lei , Hao Feiyue , Pan Li , Cheng Maosheng 
Published: September 2012

AbstractSome of the synthesized compounds show moderate to excellent protective potency in the screening for their neuroprotective effects.
ChemInform Abstract: Daphhimalenines C (I) and D (II). New Alkaloids from Daphniphyllum himalense
Authors: Zhang Yu , He Hong‐Ping , Guo Ling‐Li , Li Shi‐Fei , Di Ying‐Tong , Hao Xiao‐Jiang 
Published: September 2012

Abstractisolation, structure and cytotoxicity
ChemInform Abstract: Barakacin: A Thiazolyl‐indole Alkaloid Isolation from a Ruminal Pseudomonas sp.
Authors: Zendah Imene , Shaaban Khaled A. , Helmke Elisabeth , Maier Armin , Fiebig Heinz H. , Laatsch Hartmut 
Published: September 2012

Abstractfermentation, isolation, structure elucidation and biological activities of barakacin (I)
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Diastereoselective Morita—Baylis—Hillman Chemistry: A Remote Activation Effect in the Diastereoface Selective Synthesis of Densely Functionalized Branched Cyclic Enones from D‐Glucose.
Authors: Kumar Vikas , Ghosal Partha , Das Pintu , Shaw Arun K. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractHighly diastereoselective C‐2 alkylation of sugar‐derived cyclic enone (I) with aromatic aldehydes is smoothly achieved in the presence of the Lewis acid diethylaluminum iodide to give a variety of gabosine analogues (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Inhibitory Effects of Polyphenols Toward HCV from the Mangrove Plant Excoecaria agallocha L.
Authors: Li Yongxin , Yu Shanjiang , Liu Dong , Proksch Peter , Lin Wenhan 
Published: September 2012

Abstractisolation, structure elucidation and anti‐HCV activity of excoecariphenols A (Ia), B (Ib), C (II), and D (III)
ChemInform Abstract: Xanthones from Polygala karensium Inhibit Neuraminidases from Influenza A Viruses.
Authors: Dao Trong Tuan , Dang Thai Trung , Nguyen Phi Hung , Kim Eunhee , Thuong Phuong Thien , Oh Won Keun 
Published: September 2012

AbstractTen xanthone derivatives (I) are isolated by bioassay‐guided fractionation from an Et‐O‐Ac soluble extract of the title species.
ChemInform Abstract: Aqueous Biphasic Systems: A Boost Brought about by Using Ionic Liquids
Authors: Freire Mara G. , Claudio Ana Filipa M. , Araujo Joao M. M. , Coutinho Joao A. P. , Marrucho Isabel M. , Lopes Jose N. Canongia , Rebelo Luis Paulo N. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractReview: 123 refs.
Microbial Quality in Coastal Waters of Dardanelles in Relation to the Pollution Sources and Transport Pathways
Authors: Turkmen Cafer , Ayyildiz Onder , Akbulut Mehmet , Kaya Hasan 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe coastal water quality of Çanakkale Dardanelles (Turkey) was assessed based on bacteriological data and physical–chemical parameters. Total coliform (TC), fecal coliform (FC), and enterococci (ENT) bacteria along with physicochemical parameters were measured monthly up to a year at 12 different sampling sites located through both coastal lines of the strait. The fecal bacteria were abounded at several sampling sites such as B1, B3, G3, and G4 due to direct wastewater discharges and septic leakages or overloading. Storm water runoff and sediment resuspension were important pathways for the transport of coliform and ENT bacteria to the Dardanelles, as the region receives high precipitation and strong winds for most part of the year. The values of pH, temperature, and salinity were in typical ranges for the studied area. The microbiological and physicochemical data were correlated individually and in combination. The best fit correlations for bacterial data were attained between TC and FC or TC and ENT (R = 0.67 or −0.68), while those for the combined data were obtained for TC with temperature (R = 0.94) and TC with salinity (R = − 0.70).
Noncontact intraocular pressure reading prediction after Laser‐assisted in situ Keratomileusis by the finite element method
Authors: Ou Chung‐Jen , Sun Han‐Yin 
Published: September 2012

SUMMARYThe finite element method with linear elastic assumption for predicting the intraocular pressure (IOP) readings after reshaping of the corneal structure is demonstrated in the present study. Twelve effective eye measurements in seven subjects were examined using the TOPCON LX‐10, a noncontact intraocular pressure measurement technique, before and after laser‐assisted in situ Keratomileusis surgery. A linear elastic model was introduced to reduce possible errors from a complicated anisotropic model with uncertain tissue parameters. Linear relationship between the simplified removal depth of laser‐assisted in situ Keratomileusis and predicted IOP was expected, and the comparisons between measurements and the predicted model were made. The results indicated that the expected IOP readings are close to the measurement IOP values, while larger errors occur at smaller IOP conditions. In conclusion, the linear elastic finite element approach can already reveal parameters that influence measurement data the most, and the interaction between parameters was higher than we had expected. This helps us to build the confidence on implementing the anisotropic model.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distributed computing practice for large‐scale science and engineering applications
Authors: Jha Shantenu , Cole Murray , Katz Daniel S. , Parashar Manish , Rana Omer , Weissman Jon 
Published: September 2012

SUMMARYIt is generally accepted that the ability to develop large‐scale distributed applications has lagged seriously behind other developments in cyberinfrastructure. In this paper, we provide insight into how such applications have been developed and an understanding of why developing applications for distributed infrastructure is hard. Our approach is unique in the sense that it is centered around half a dozen existing scientific applications; we posit that these scientific applications are representative of the characteristics, requirements, as well as the challenges of the bulk of current distributed applications on production cyberinfrastructure (such as the US TeraGrid). We provide a novel and comprehensive analysis of such distributed scientific applications. Specifically, we survey existing models and methods for large‐scale distributed applications and identify commonalities, recurring structures, patterns and abstractions. We find that there are many ad hoc solutions employed to develop and execute distributed applications, which result in a lack of generality and the inability of distributed applications to be extensible and independent of infrastructure details. In our analysis, we introduce the notion of application vectors: a novel way of understanding the structure of distributed applications. Important contributions of this paper include identifying patterns that are derived from a wide range of real distributed applications, as well as an integrated approach to analyzing applications, programming systems and patterns, resulting in the ability to provide a critical assessment of the current practice of developing, deploying and executing distributed applications. Gaps and omissions in the state of the art are identified, and directions for future research are outlined. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.