bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone mineral density, bone markers, and fractures in adult males with congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Authors: Falhammar Henrik , Filipsson Nyström Helena , Wedell Anna , Brismar Kerstin , Thorén Marja 
Published: December 2012

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine bone mineral density (BMD), markers of bone metabolism, fractures, and steroids reflecting hormonal control in adult males with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH).Subjects, methods, and designWe compared CAH males with 21-hydroxylase deficiency (n=30), 19–67 years old, with age- and sex-matched controls (n=32). Subgroups ofCYP21A2genotypes, age, glucocorticoid preparation, poor control vs overtreatment, and early vs late (>36 months) diagnosis were studied. BMD measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and markers of bone metabolism and androgens/17-hydroxyprogesterone levels were investigated.ResultsAll, including older (>30 years), CAH patients had lower BMD in all measured sites compared with control subjects. The null group demonstrated lower BMD in more locations than the other groups. Osteoporosis/osteopenia was present in 81% of CAH patients compared with 32% in controls (≥30 years). Fracture frequency was similar, osteocalcin was lower, and fewer patients than controls had vitamin D insufficiency. IGF1 was elevated in the milder genotypes. In patients, total body BMD was positively correlated to weight, BMI, total lean body mass, and triglycerides, and negatively to prolactin. Patients on prednisolone had lower BMD and osteocalcin levels than those on hydrocortisone/cortisone acetate. Patients with poor control had higher femoral neck BMD. There were no differences in BMD between patients with an early vs late diagnosis.ConclusionsCAH males have low BMD and bone formation markers. BMD should be monitored, adequate prophylaxis and treatment established, and glucocorticoid doses optimized to minimize the risk of future fractures.
Selective electrodeposition of Ni into the intertubular voids of anodic TiO2 nanotubes for improved photocatalytic properties
Authors: Liang Fengxia , Zhang Jie , Zheng Lingxia , Tsang Chun-Kwan , Li Hui , Shu Shiwei , Cheng Hua , Li Yang Yang 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Combating Solids Precipitation and Depostition in ADHI Gas-Condensate Process Plant
Authors: Ahmed Shujjat , Qadeer Suhail , Bouamra Reda , Chaker Ahmed Abu , Jamaiuddin Abul 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACT
Adhi gas—condensate field is located near Islamabad, Pakistan. Pakistan Petroleum Limited started fluid processing and recovery of Liquefied Petroleum Gas and Condensate around in 1990. The liquid stream was processed with no solids deposition in the past. Recently, the liquid processing circuit of the plant has experienced an increasing amount of black solid deposition, which is trapped into the liquid filters located in the plant.
To identify the root causes of the problem of these solids depositional systematic approach was applied including taking various solid, liquid and gas samples from the plant inlet and various locations inside the processing plant and analyzing them for diagnostics.
Based on the outcome of the root-cause analysis, a chemical mitigation strategy has been developed, tested and implemented, resulting in significant reduction in problems related with solid depositions in processing plant.
Introduction of High Pressure (HP) Separator and its Applications in Pakistan
Authors: Maqbool Zohaib , Khattak Kifayat , Malik Javaid Hussain , Ahmed Jawad 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Well testing is an important tool for field appraisal, field development, reservoir surveillance and management. Some key measurements during well testsareflow rates of individual phases, fluid properties, fluid composition, flowingsurface, down hole pressure and temperature etc. Analysis of this datahelps in pinpointing where improvements can be made, how the productive potential of the reservoir can be enhanced and where the future investments are to be focused. So production testing campaigns of wells are to be conducted and should be conducted annually or bi-annually to get the aforesaid vital information of the well and the reservoir.
While gathering vital data during production testing, an apprehensionis that the hydrocarbon produced and separated on surface should notbe flared, as it can cause a huge financial loss and environmental harm. Therefore, a zero flaring concept was adopted during production in which the separated gas was safely and effectively injected back to the production line and the fluids to the storage facility.
In Pakistan, production testing is generally carried out using conventional 1440psi separator andimplementing zero flaring concepts. But there are certain limitations associated with the conventional 1440 psi separators available in the country. A few of them are that they cannotbe used on wells whose downstream pressure or injection line pressure is greater than the safety limit of 1440 psi separator. They cannot be used on wells with high gas rates greater than the maximum limit of conventional 1440 psi separator which is 60 MMSCFD and the same limitation applies to condensate/oil/water rate as well. For this reason there are certain fields in Northern Pakistan where production testing campaigns with zero flaring cannot be carried out due to the above mentioned limitations of 1440 psi separator.
This paper describes the introduction of the first ever High Pressure (HP) separator in Pakistan. This separator has overcome the limitations due to its high design pressure of 2160 psi and high gas and oil flow rate capacity which in 90 MMSCFD and 13000 bpd respectively. Successful field applications at three different fields in Pakistan are discussed in this paper covering lesson learned and best practices during the operations. Producing wells were tested without flaring or wasting any hydrocarbon which is harmful to environment. All the separated gas was injected back to the high pressure production line which resulted in a huge financial advantage. The application of the non-conventional high pressure separator and implementing zero flaring is proven to be a beneficial solution with huge potential for future applications in Pakistan.
Relative contribution of solar radiation and temperature in enhanced temperature-index melt models from a case study at Glacier de Saint-Sorlin, France
Authors: Vincent C. , Six D. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA large set of ice ablation data from a glacier in the French Alps is used to investigate the sensitivity of ice melting to solar radiation and temperature. The data come from 7 years of observations on a small network of 16 stakes set up on Glacier de Saint-Sorlin. The high spatial variability of ice ablation is shown to be strongly dependent on potential solar radiation. On the other hand, temporal variations are highly correlated with air temperatures measured both at a nearby and at a remote meteorological station, but poorly correlated with incoming shortwave radiation measured at an automatic weather station located close to the glacier terminus. Spatial variations of ice ablation therefore appear to be mainly driven by potential solar radiation, while temporal variations are driven by temperature. This result suggests that minimizing the influence of temperature in an enhanced temperature-index melt model may compromise the model’s ability to simulate interannual changes in melt. These new results may help to improve the calibration, and thus the performance, of these empirical melt models used for long-term simulations of glacier mass balances.
The Architecture of Potentiality: Weak Utopianism and Educational Space in the Work of Giorgio Agamben
Authors: Lewis Tyson Edward 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The article first examines the interrelationship between time and space in Giorgio Agamben's formulation of messianic utopianism. While time has been given a privileged position in Agamben's philosophy of potentiality, I attempt to uncover the equally important spatial logic of potentiality. In particular, I examine four spatial figures that appear throughout his books: the stanza, limbo, the door, and the operational image. The operational image is the most interesting precisely because it illustrates the interrelationships between time and space within his overall theory of the messianic. The notion of weak utopianism that I develop is connected directly with the question of education. For Agamben, the action that, more than any other, represents the messianic moment is the act of studying, or studious play. The temporality of weak utopianism is not simply the messianic time of the now but also the temporality of perpetual study, where the student holds judgment in suspension in order to experience the potentiality of thought itself. Likewise the space of weak utopianism can be thought of as an educational space. In conclusion, I illustrate the educational importance of weak utopianism through an example taken from school architecture exemplifying the inherently educational dimension of Agamben's messianic utopianism.
Du surmenage professionnel au burn-out : réponses sociales et issues individuelles aux difficultés du travail d’hier et d’aujourd’hui
Authors: Kirouac Laurie 
Published: December 2012

De nos jours, les travailleurs affirment ne pas seulement retirer des désagréments, des insatisfactions et de la souffrance des réformes managériales post-tayloriennes, qui exigent une mobilisation de soi accrue dans le procès de production. Il arrive également que le travail soit pour eux le moyen de mettre à profit leurs talents, leur créativité et leurs compétences, bref, de s’accomplir personnellement. À partir de l’analyse de la plainte de deux formes de « pathologie » du travail, le surmenage professionnel et le burn-out, l’article cherche à comprendre de quelle manière l’intensification de la dynamique de mobilisation-rétribution de la subjectivité du travailleur orienterait, parmi d’autres facteurs, l’expérience plus ou moins satisfaisante ou douloureuse que l’individu fait du travail dans la période contemporaine.
Israel as a Mixed Jurisdiction
Authors: Rivlin Eliezer 
Published: December 2012

Like in most Western countries, the legal system in Israel is constantly evolving. Israel is a mixed jurisdiction in many respects. Historically, during the time of the Ottoman Empire, the land of Israel was ruled by Turkish law, which was followed by British law during the time of the British Mandate. Today, Israel’s legal system still reflects a mixture of civil law and common law. This mixture is evident, for example, in the combination of codified law and precedent-based law. Several areas of the law were codified, at the time of the British Mandate, in ordinances that remain binding today. However, these ordinances were supplemented and widely interpreted in Israel’s case law, and an “Israeli common law” was created. Today, legislative efforts are being made to codify this new common law.
The mixed nature of substantive law in Israel is also illustrated by Israel's constitutional regime. While Israel has no formal constitution, it has a partial bill of rights (the basic laws) enacted by its parliament. In 1995, the Israeli Supreme Court decided, referring to American constitutional law, that it had the authority to invalidate “unconstitutional laws”. In its decision, the Supreme Court relied on a limitation clause, included in the new basic laws and inspired by the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Since then, the Israeli Supreme Court has developed a number of constitutional rights from these basic laws, influenced by both the American concept of liberty and the European concept of human dignity.
Finally, comparative law plays an important role in Israeli case law. While British common law no longer binds the Israeli judiciary, judges have wide discretion to use comparative law in their decisions. When relevant, referring to foreign law may be of great assistance to a judge by providing inspiration in a difficult case. Utilizing many different sources of law may help to create harmony between various jurisdictions, especially in times of increasing globalization.
Overview of Extracellular Matrix
Authors: Mecham Robert P. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe extracellular matrix provides an environment for cells. It is produced, assembled, and modified by cells and in turn, it modifies the functions and behavior of the cells it encounters. The molecules that make up the matrix are diverse in both structure and function. This well‐illustrated unit provides an introduction to the structure and function of the major components of the extracellular matrix and serves as a background for the other units in the chapter, which include protocols for isolation and analysis of individual components. Curr. Protoc. Cell Biol. 57:10.1.1‐10.1.16. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Highly Conductive Porous Graphene/Ceramic Composites for Heat Transfer and Thermal Energy Storage
Authors: Zhou Mi , Lin Tianquan , Huang Fuqiang , Zhong Yajuan , Wang Zhou , Tang Yufeng , Bi Hui , Wan Dongyun , Lin Jianhua 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA novel architecture of 3D graphene growth on porous Al2O3 ceramics is proposed for thermal management using ambient pressure chemical vapor deposition. The formation mechanism of graphene is attributed to the carbothermic reduction occurring at the Al2O3 surface to initialize the nucleation and growth of graphene. The graphene films are coated on insulating anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates and porous Al2O3 ceramic substrates. The graphene coated AAO possesses one‐dimensional isolated graphene tubes, which can act as the media for directional thermal transport. The graphene/Al2O3 composite (G‐Al2O3) contains an interconnected macroporous graphene framework with an extremely low sheet electrical resistance down to 0.11 Ω sq−1 and thermal conductivity with 8.28 W m−1 K−1. The G‐Al2O3 provides enormous conductive pathways for electronic and heat transfer, suitable for application as heat sinks. Such a porous composite is also attractive as a highly thermally conductive reservoir to hold phase change materials (stearic acid) for thermal energy storage. This work displays the great potential of CVD direct growth of graphene on dielectric porous substrates for thermal conduction and electronic applications.
Alkyl Chain Orientations in Dicyanomethylene‐Substituted 2,5‐Di(thiophen‐2‐yl)thieno‐[3,2‐b]thienoquinoid: Impact on Solid‐State and Thin‐Film Transistor Performance
Authors: Wu Qinghe , Ren Shendong , Wang Mao , Qiao Xiaolan , Li Hongxiang , Gao Xike , Yang Xiaodi , Zhu Daoben 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA series of dicyanomethylene‐substituted 2,5‐di(thiophen‐2‐yl)thieno[3,2‐b]thieno‐quinoids, in which soluble alkyl chains (2‐decyltetradecyls) are substituted at different positions (namely, 2,2′‐positions (Compound 1); 3,3′‐ positions (Compound 2); 6,6′‐positions (Compound 3)), are strategically designed and successfully synthesized. The photophysical and electrochemical properties as well as molecular packing of these new compounds are thoroughly investigated. Thin film transistor measurements reveal that Compounds 1–3 display markedly different charge transport performance. The solution processed thin film transistors of Compound 2 exhibits the highest electron mobility of up to 0.22 cm2 V−1 s−1 under ambient conditions, one and three orders of magnitude higher than those of Compounds 3 and 1, respectively, demonstrating the strong impact of alkyl chain orientations on transistor performance.
Katalytische asymmetrische Desaromatisierungen
Authors: Zhuo Chun‐Xiang , Zhang Wei , You Shu‐Li 
Published: December 2012

AbstractDieser Aufsatz fasst die bisherigen Entwicklungen auf dem Gebiet der katalytischen asymmetrischen Desaromatisierungen (CADAs) zusammen. Die hier diskutierten katalytischen asymmetrischen Desaromatisierungen umfassen oxidative Desaromatisierungen, Desaromatisierungen durch Diels‐Alder‐ und verwandte Reaktionen, alkylierende Desaromatisierungen elektronenreicher Arene, Übergangsmetall‐katalysierte Desaromatisierungen, Kaskadensequenzen mit asymmetrischer Desaromatisierung sowie nucleophile Desaromatisierungen von Pyridinium‐Derivaten. Zudem werden kurz asymmetrische Desaromatisierungen mithilfe chiraler Auxiliare sowie katalytische asymmetrische Reaktionen mit desaromatisierten Substraten eingeführt. Ziel dieses Aufsatzes ist es, ein Konzept für die asymmetrische Desaromatisierung zu liefern.
Quality changes of Atlantic horse mackerel fillets (Trachurus trachurus) packed in a modified atmosphere at different storage temperatures
Authors: Alfaro Begoña , Hernández Igor , Baliño‐Zuazo Lander , Barranco Alejandro 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackgroundAtlantic horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) is an important commercial fish in Europe. Changes in microbial growth, sensory quality and chemical evolution of modified atmosphere packed (MAP) horse mackerel fillets (48% CO2/50% N2/2% O2) were monitored at different storage temperatures (2, 4, 6 and 10 °C).ResultsThe observed sensory shelf life of MAP fish fillets was found to be approximately 7 days at 2 °C, 6 days at 4 °C, 5 at 6 °C and 3 days at 10 °C. A significant correlation was observed between all sensory attributes and two groups of bacteria [total viable count (TVC) and psychrotrophic bacteria], with sensorial rejection when the bacteria approached 106 CFU g−1 at 4, 6 and 10 °C. A level of 30–50 mg total volatile basic nitrogen 100 g−1 of mackerel muscle was well correlated with sensory shelf life determination at all temperatures, except for 2 °C. During the storage time, lipid oxidation did not increase at any temperature and could not be related to quality decay. The presence of acetaldehyde and butyraldehyde in the packing atmosphere was only found in fillets stored at the highest temperature studied (10 °C).ConclusionIn this study, key quality parameters were established to monitor the spoilage and shelf life of MAP Trachurus trachurus stored at different temperatures. In addition, these results confirm the use of modified atmosphere packaging as a mild preservation method for fillets of Atlantic horse mackerel. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Light‐Harvesting Organic Photoinitiators of Polymerization
Authors: Lalevée Jacques , Tehfe Mohamad‐Ali , Dumur Frédéric , Gigmes Didier , Graff Bernadette , Morlet‐Savary Fabrice , Fouassier Jean‐Pierre 
Published: December 2012

AbstractTwo new photoinitiators with unprecedented light absorption properties are proposed on the basis of a suitable truxene skeleton where several UV photoinitiators PI units such as benzophenone and thioxanthone are introduced at the periphery and whose molecular orbitals MO can be coupled with those of the PI units: a red‐shifted absorption and a strong increase of the molecular extinction coefficients (by a ≈ 20–1000 fold factor) are found. These compounds are highly efficient light‐harvesting photoinitiators. The scope and practicality of these photoinitiators of polymerization can be dramatically expanded, that is, both radical and cationic polymerization processes are accessible upon very soft irradiation conditions (halogen lamp, LED…︁) thanks to the unique light absorption properties of the new proposed structures.
Copolymerization of Ethylene with Vinyl Monomers using Heterogeneous Catalysts Consisting of α‐Diimine Ni(II) Complexes Immobilized into a Fluorotetrasilicic Mica Interlayer in the Presence of an Alkylaluminum Compound
Authors: Kurokawa Hideki , Nakazato Yoshiyuki , Tahara Shingo , Katakura Takahiro , Ishihama Yoshiyuki , Sakuragi Tsutomu , Miura Hiroshi 
Published: December 2012

Abstractα‐Diimine nickel complexes immobilized into fluorotetrasilicic mica interlayers are prepared by the reaction of an α‐diimine ligand and nickel‐ion‐exchanged fluorotetrasilicic mica, and these are used for the copolymerization of ethylene with linear α‐olefins (1‐hexene, 1‐octene, and 1‐decene), cyclic olefins (norbornene and cyclopentene), or polar vinyl monomers (methyl acrylate and 5‐hexenenitrile). The copolymerization of ethylene with α‐olefins affords linear low‐density polyethylene including methyl and alkyl branches. The incorporation of cyclopentene into the main chain is proved by the 13C NMR spectrum of the ethylene/cyclopentene copolymer. No significant activity is observed during the copolymerization of ethylene with norbornene, methyl acrylate, or 5‐hexenenitrile. magnified image
High‐order time integration methods in molecular dynamics
Authors: Niederhöfer Florian , Wackerfuß Jens 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe mechanical behaviour of molecular structures can be described with stiff differential equations, which can not be solved analytically. Several numerical time integration schemes can be found in the literature. The aim of this paper is to present the class of partitioned Runge‐Kutta methods applied in molecular dynamics. This class of methods includes a wide range of explicit and implicit, single‐ and multi‐stage, symplectic and non‐symplectic, low‐ and high‐order time integration schemes. Also most of the classical methods like explicit and implicit Euler, explicit and implicit midpoint rule, Störmer‐Verlet and Newmark are also partitioned Runge‐Kutta methods.The schemes are implemented in a finite element code which can serve as a numerical platform for molecular dynamics. This code is used to show the sensitivity of the simulations to the accuracy of the initial values. (© 2012 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Stability of vehicles under nonstationary crosswind excitation
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyu , Proppe Carsten 
Published: December 2012

AbstractStrong crosswind gusts have great influence on the stability of railway and road vehicles. They may lead to accidents and also to a discomfort for the road vehicle driver. Risk assessment for overturning of railway and road vehicles is usually calculated based on the stationary situation or at least on wind‐tunnel experiments that are mostly carried out with a static vehicle model. Nonstationary excitation due to wind turbulence occurs if the vehicle accelerates or decelerates. Increasing vehicle speed relative to wind speed will move the energy content of the spectrum to a higher frequency range. It has been realized that nonstationary wind has a great influence on vehicle stability especially when the vehicle speed is high. Thus in order to assess the overturning risk in a more realistic way, a nonstationary wind model together with its interaction with the vehicle should be taken into consideration.This paper proposes a nonstationary wind turbulence model for the investigation of crosswind stability of ground vehicles. A wind model with nonstationary turbulence as well as the wind effects to the moving vehicle in a nonstationary situation (acceleration/deceleration) is described. Nonstationary aerodynamic forces are considered together with the interaction between the moving vehicle system and the wind turbulence. Failure probabilities are computed and reliability analyses are carried out. (© 2012 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)