bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arming the Melanoma Sentinel Lymph Node through Local Administration of CpG-B and GM-CSF: Recruitment and Activation of BDCA3/CD141+ Dendritic Cells and Enhanced Cross-Presentation
Authors: Sluijter Berbel J.R. , van den Hout Mari F.C.M. , Koster Bas D. , van Leeuwen Paul A.M. , Schneiders Famke L. , van de Ven Rieneke , Molenkamp Barbara G. , Vosslamber Saskia , Verweij Cornelis L. , van den Tol M. Petrousjka , van den Eertwegh Alfons J.M. , Scheper Rik J. , de Gruijl Tanja D. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractMelanoma-induced suppression of dendritic cells (DC) in the sentinel lymph node (SLN) interferes with the generation of protective antitumor immunity. In an effort to strengthen immune defense against metastatic spread, we performed a three-arm phase II study comprising 28 patients with stage I–II melanoma randomized to receive intradermal injections around the primary tumor excision site of saline or low-dose CpG-B, alone or combined with GM-CSF, before excision of the SLNs. After pathologic examination, 5 patients were diagnosed with stage III melanoma based on the presence of tumor cells in the SLNs. Combined CpG/GM-CSF administration resulted in enhanced maturation of all identifiable conventional (cDC) and plasmacytoid (pDC) DC subsets and selectively induced increased frequencies of SLN-resident BDCA3/CD141+ cDC subsets that also expressed the C-type lectin receptor CLEC9A. Correlative in vivo analyses and in vitro studies provided evidence that these subsets were derived from BDCA3+ cDC precursors in the blood that were recruited to the SLNs in a type I IFN-dependent manner and subsequently matured under the combined influence of CpG and GM-CSF. In line with their reported functional abilities, frequencies of in vivo CpG/GM-CSF–induced BDCA3/CD141+ DCs correlated with increased ex vivo cross-presenting capacity of SLN suspensions. Combined local CpG/GM-CSF delivery thus supports protective antimelanoma immunity through concerted activation of pDC and cDC subsets and recruitment of BDCA3+ cDC subsets with T cell–stimulatory and cross-priming abilities. Cancer Immunol Res; 3(5); 495–505. ©2015 AACR.
Obesity and Arterial Stiffness in Children
Authors: Cote Anita T. , Phillips Aaron A. , Harris Kevin C. , Sandor George G.S. , Panagiotopoulos Constadina , Devlin Angela M. 
Published: January 2015

Objective—
Childhood obesity is associated with risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Arterial stiffness is considered one of the earliest detectable measures of vascular damage. There is controversy in the literature regarding the effects of childhood obesity on arterial stiffness. The objective of this study is to systematically review the literature and to conduct a meta-analysis comparing measures of central arterial stiffness in children and adolescents with obesity to healthy body mass index controls.

Approach and Results—
Literature searches were conducted using databases (eg, MEDLINE, EMBASE) and citations cross-referenced. Studies assessing central pulse wave velocity or β-stiffness index were included. A random effects meta-analysis of the standardized mean difference and 95% confidence intervals in arterial stiffness between children with obesity and control children was performed for each arterial stiffness measure. A total of 523 studies were identified. Fifteen case–control studies were included, with 2237 children/adolescents (1281 with obesity, 956 healthy body mass index controls) between 5 and 24 years of age. All studies measuring carotid and aortic β-stiffness index and 10/12 studies measuring central pulse wave velocity reported greater arterial stiffness in children/adolescents with obesity compared with controls. A random effects meta-analysis was performed revealing a significant effect of obesity on pulse wave velocity (standardized mean difference=0.718; 95% confidence interval=0.291–1.415), carotid β-stiffness index (0.862; 0.323–1.402), and aortic β stiffness index (1.017; 0.419–1.615).

Conclusion—
These findings indicate that child/adolescent obesity is associated with greater arterial stiffness. However, further research is needed to address confounders, such as pubertal status, that may affect this relationship in children. In the future, these techniques may be useful in risk stratification and guiding clinical management of obese children to optimize cardiovascular outcomes.
Koffka’s Aesthetic Gestalt
Authors: Spehar Branka , van Tonder Gert J. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT
A neglected theory of aesthetics by the eminent Gestaltist Kurt Koffka is reviewed with the hope that it will spark new interest in the Gestalt contribution to art. Koffka’s particular emphasis on the art object, its perceptual qualities and its relation with the intentional self holds the potential for advancing scientific theories of aesthetic experience.
Linear Filtering of Sample Covariances for Ensemble-Based Data Assimilation. Part II: Application to a Convective-Scale NWP Model
Authors: Ménétrier Benjamin , Montmerle Thibaut , Michel Yann , Berre Loïk 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
In Part I of this two-part study, a new theory for optimal linear filtering of covariances sampled from an ensemble of forecasts was detailed. This method, especially designed for data assimilation (DA) schemes in numerical weather prediction (NWP) systems, has the advantage of using optimality criteria that involve sample estimated quantities and filter output only. In this second part, the theory is tested with real background error covariances computed using a large ensemble data assimilation (EDA) at the convective scale coupled with a large EDA at the global scale, based respectively on the Applications of Research to Operations at Mesoscale (AROME) and ARPEGE operational NWP systems. Background error variances estimated with a subset of this ensemble are filtered and evaluated against values obtained with the remaining members, which are considered as an independent reference. Algorithms presented in Part I show relevant results, with the homogeneous filtering being quasi optimal. Heterogeneous filtering is also successfully tested with different local criteria, yet at a higher computational cost, showing the full generality of the method. As a second application, horizontal and vertical localization functions are diagnosed from the ensemble, providing pertinent localization length scales that consistently depend on the number of members, on the meteorological variables, and on the vertical levels.
‘You only have one chance to get it right’: A qualitative study of relatives’ experiences of caring at home for a family member with terminal cancer
Authors: Totman Jonathan , Pistrang Nancy , Smith Susan , Hennessey Susan , Martin Jonathan 
Published: January 2015

Background: Relatives looking after a terminally ill family member at home face numerous challenges. Studies into relatives’ experiences of home caregiving have been criticised for their descriptive nature and lack of theoretical underpinnings. Aim: To explore the emotional challenges faced by home caregivers, and their experiences of healthcare professionals, from the perspective of existential psychology. Design: A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews. Transcripts were analysed thematically using the Framework approach. Setting/participants: The study took place within an inner-city London hospice. Participants ( n = 15) were recently bereaved adult relatives of cancer patients who cared for their family member at home. Results: Participants’ experiences of being a caregiver and of professional support were highly varied. The analysis generated 15 themes which were organised into a framework based on Yalom’s four ‘existential conditions’: responsibility (e.g. ‘being the linchpin of care’; ‘you only have one chance to get it right’), isolation (e.g. ‘being on my own’, ‘being held in mind’), death (e.g. ‘knowing but not knowing’) and meaningfulness (e.g. ‘giving something back’, ‘acceptance and gratitude’). Healthcare professionals were perceived as influential in both helping and hindering relatives in meeting the challenges they faced. Conclusion: Existential psychology provides a theoretical perspective from which to understand the psychological complexity of the emotional challenges home caregivers face and a framework which may usefully inform research and clinical practice. Professionals’ attentiveness to caregivers’ needs can have powerful effects in assuaging anxiety, reducing isolation and enabling relatives to connect with the meaningfulness of caregiving.
Evaluation of the Value of d-Dimer, P-Selectin, and Platelet Count for Prediction of Portal Vein Thrombosis After Devascularization
Authors: Fei Yang , Zong Guang-quan , Chen Jian , Liu Ren-min 
Published: January 2015

Background/Aim: To evaluate the value of d-dimer, P-selectin, and platelet count in patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension (PHT) for prediction of portal vein thrombosis (PVT) after devascularization. Methods: A total of 137 patients with cirrhotic PHT who undergone devascularization from January 2012 to April 2014 were retrospectively reviewed, all of them were divided into 2 groups (PVT group and non-PVT group) by Doppler ultrasonography (DU) examination. The level of d-dimer, P-selectin, and platelet count was tested during the perioperative period. Results: In all, 38 (27.7%) patients were found to have PVT by DU examination postoperatively. In contrast to the non-PVT group, the level of d-dimer, P-selectin, and platelet count in the PVT group was much higher significantly at 1, 3, and 7 days after devascularization. ( P < .05). However, in the 15 days after surgery, the difference in P-selectin between the 2 groups was not significant ( P = .260). It was shown that the highest sensitivity of the 3 markers for PVT was d-dimer, the highest specificity belonged to P-selectin. The area under receiver–operating characteristic (ROC) curve of P-selectin was the biggest of the 3 markers. When the 3 markers were combined to be used to diagnose PVT, the sensitivity was increased to 0.907, with a slight drop of specificity to 0.693, the area under the ROC curve was 0.927. Conclusion: The level of d-dimer, P-selectin, and platelet count might be good candidate predictive markers for PVT in patients with cirrhotic PHT after devascularization. The combined test of the 3 markers can increase the value of prediction.
Human-like collagen protein-coated magnetic nanoparticles with high magnetic hyperthermia performance and improved biocompatibility
Authors: Liu Xiaoli , Zhang Huan , Chang Le , Yu Baozhi , Liu Qiuying , Wu Jianpeng , Miao Yuqing , Ma Pei , Fan Daidi , Fan Haiming 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Human-like collagen (HLC)-coated monodispersed superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles have been successfully prepared to investigate its effect on heat induction property and cell toxicity. After coating of HLC, the sample shows a faster rate of temperature increase under an alternating magnetic field although it has a reduced saturation magnetization. This is most probably a result of the effective heat conduction and good colloid stability due to the high charge of HLC on the surface. In addition, compared with Fe3O4 nanoparticles before coating with HLC, HLC-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles do not induce notable cytotoxic effect at higher concentration which indicates that HLC-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles has improved biocompatibility. Our results clearly show that Fe3O4 nanoparticles after coating with HLC not only possess effective heat induction for cancer treatment but also have improved biocompatibility for biomedicine applications.
Reversible Intramolecular Cyclization in Ruthenium Complexes Induced by Ligand-centered One-electron Transfer on Bidentate Naphthyridine: An Important Intermediate for Both Metal– and Organo–Hydride Species
Authors: Oyama Dai , Ukawa Narumi , Hamada Takashi , Takase Tsugiko 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Two types of dicarbonylruthenium(II) complexes bearing the unsymmetrical bidentate ligand 2-(2-pyridyl)-1,8-naphthyridine were prepared. The complexes undergo irreversible ligand-localized one-electron reduction to form redox-induced metallacyclization between the bidentate naphthyridyl ligand and the terminal CO ligand located nearby. Chemical reductions using NaBH4 were also performed to isolate the reaction products; the formation of both a metal–hydride (Ru–H) and an organo–hydride (C–H) species was confirmed.
The tourist potential of Kolomna: analytical aspects
Authors: Сильчева Людмила , Silcheva Lyudmila 
Published: January 2015

In modern conditions an important activity in the tourism industry of the Russian Federation is studing tourism markets for domestic tourism, attracting tourist flows in the small towns Russia through the development of new original sightseeing tours and tourist routes, the creation and development of innovative tourism infrastructure.
According to the concept of the modern suburbs, great attention is paid to the development of priority points to attract tourists and tourist resources of the most important destinations in the region. In Moscow suburbs, there is a tourist route &#34;Gubernskoe ring Moscow region&#34; and twelve &#34;points of attraction&#34; for tourists – &#34;The 12 pearls Moscow region.&#34;
In accordance with the existing tourist resources Kolomna is related to the &#34;South&#34; zone of Moscow region with specialization: cultural, educational, pilgrim, scientific, educational, business and event tourism. Kolomna is one of the oldest cities in the Moscow region, which is included in &#34;Gubernskoe ring Moscow region&#34; and &#34;The 12 pearls suburbs.&#34; Tourism products offered by travel companies in Kolomna, are very diverse: from a stationary rest with a rich excursion program to the programs presented by hunting and fishing tours, hiking trails, extreme and ecological tours with resting in picturesque places.
Kolomna has a considerable potential and resources to enhance its attractiveness to tourists, primarily it is a large number of historical monuments. However, to use them in full the necessary measures is to improve the organization of tourist businesses in the city. To this end, should be developed programs of creating urban tourism clusters; and tourism organizations should study the demand and offer new themed tours and excursions, especially given the historical part of the city and the possibilities of its transport infrastructure (particularly water ways).
Risk Analysis for Reverse Mortgages with Different Payout Designs
Authors: Cho Daniel , Hanewald Katja , Sherris Michael 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
We analyze the risk and profitability of reverse mortgages with lump-sum or income stream payments from the lender’s perspective. Reverse mortgage cash flows and loan balances are modeled in a multi-period stochastic framework that allows for house price risk, interest rate risk and risk of delayed loan termination. A vector autoregressive (VAR) model is used to simulate economic scenarios and to derive stochastic discount factors for pricing the no negative equity guarantee embedded in reverse mortgage contracts. Our results show that lump-sum reverse mortgages are more profitable and require less risk-based capital than income stream reverse mortgages, which explains why this product design dominates in most markets. The loan-to-value ratio, the borrower’s age, mortality improvements and the lender’s financing structure are shown to be important drivers of the profitability and riskiness of reverse mortgages, but changes in these parameters do not change the main conclusions.
Un théorème de Lefschetz–Hopf pour les fonctions à itérées compactes
Authors: Cauty Robert 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Nous montrons qu’une transformation

f
:

X
→
X

f:X\to X

d’une partie convexe d’un espace métrique linéaire a un point fixe si elle a une itérée compacte

f
n

f^{n}

, c’est-à-dire si

f
n

⁢

(
X
)

f^{n}(X)

est contenu dans un sous-ensemble compact de X. Il s’agit d’un cas particulier du théorème de point fixe plus général suivant: une transformation

f
:

X
→
X

f:X\to X

d’un

ANR

\mathrm{ANR}

algébrique X a un point fixe si son nombre de Lefschetz

Λ
⁢

(
f
)

\Lambda(f)

est non nul et si elle a une itérée compacte. La classe des

ANRs

\mathrm{ANRs}

algébriques a été introduite et étudiée par l’auteur en 2005. Elle contient les

ANRs

\mathrm{ANRs}

et les parties convexes des espaces métriques linéaires (et plus généralement des espaces
métrisables équiconnexes).
We prove that a self-map

f
:

X
→
X

f\colon X\to X

of a convex subset X of a linear metric space has a fixed point if some iterate

f
n

f^{n}

of f is compact in the sense that

f
n

⁢

(
X
)

f^{n}(X)

is contained in a compact subset of X. This result is a partial case of a more general fixed-point theorem saying that a self-map

f
:

X
→
X

f\colon X\to X

of an algebraic ANR X has a fixed point if it has non-zero Lefschetz number

Λ
⁢

(
f
)

\Lambda(f)

and some iterate

f
n

f^{n}

of f is compact. The class of algebraic ANRs was introduced and studied by the author in 2005. It contains all ANRs and all convex subsets of linear metric spaces (more generally, all metrizable equiconnected spaces).
Rule of Law Reforms and Institutional Change Processes in Eastern DR Congo: Neo-institutional Economics vs Multijuralism
Authors: Jean-Bouchard Évelyne 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn development approaches, the link between rule of law institutional reforms and economic development is theorized by neo-institutional economics (NIE). From an economic analysis of law, NIE interprets the institutional variable through its ability to reduce uncertainty. The analysis of the relationship between institutions and development then leads to the study of institutional and normative changes. In this context, authors are referring to path dependence theory in order to explain the recurrent failure of rule of law reforms. However, I will argue that while NIE, by referring to path dependence theory, acknowledges that reforms take place within a complex set of particularities, I suggest that the notion of multijuralism, elaborated by the French legal anthropologist Étienne Le Roy, is more appropriated to describe this set of particularities in an African context. Using empirical data collected during an anthropological study regarding women’s rights in Democratic Republic of Congo, we will see that normative changes usually occur on the margins of State institutions. In addition, the embedded norms considered by NIE immobile through time are actually much more fluid than it seems.
Behaving toward language in the Mormon mission: the Czech case
Authors: Sherman Tamah 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis article applies Language Management Theory/Framework to the behavior toward language observed in the missionary program of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (the Mormons) in the Czech Republic. It analyzes data directly from the mission site, focusing on specifically the combination of the highly specific character of the missionaries' acquisition of Czech and their role as native speakers of English. It explores not only the acquisition, but also the use of the mission language, highlighting the relationship between macro structures of the church's language policy, the character of the missionaries' work in general, and language use in individual interactions. The article concludes by arguing that not only the knowledge of the local language, but also the acquired orientation to the local sociolinguistic situation and communicative practices are what enable the missionaries to do their work.
The management of academic discourse acquisition
Authors: Marriott Helen 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis article applies the Language Management Theory (LMT) in the context of overseas students participating in university study in an English-speaking context and who are developing their academic discourse while at the same time undertaking disciplinary studies. It draws upon data from a number of previous studies and examines central aspects of the theory, including kinds of management, stages of the management process, and simple and organized management, showing how the latter are sometimes interconnected in various ways. In the article, I consider issues relating to the start of the management process and analyze how power is exercised and by whom in these contact situations. Finally, consideration is given to methodological procedures which help us to identify the occurrence of management, in particular, follow-up (stimulated recall) interviews and interaction interviews.
Connecting clinical care and research: Single-source with x4T – Process design, architecture, and use cases
Authors: Forster Christian , Bruland Philipp , Lechtenbörger Jens , Breil Bernhard , Vossen Gottfried 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Clinical research and routine care documentation have traditionally
been performed in a dual-source approach, where data is collected
redundantly and maintained in separated systems. The generic x4T
single-source process removes redundant steps and is adoptable to
specific types of studies. In support of the various processes, we
have designed and implemented an architecture called x4T based on
CDISC ODM. The software has been deployed in three different use
cases containing up to 3976 subjects until now and allows real-time
access to live data from routine care documentation systems.
Topological visual analysis of clusterings in high-dimensional information spaces
Authors: Oesterling Patrick , Jähnichen Patrick , Heyer Gerhard , Scheuermann Gerik 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
In many applications, domain-specific entities are easily compared and
categorized if they are represented as high-dimensional feature
vectors. To detect object similarities and to quantify coherent
groups, analysts often visualize the vectors directly, aiming to
identify clusters visually. However, common visualizations for
high-dimensional data often suffer from information loss, occlusions
and visual clutter for large and noisy data. In this case, structure
is misleading and false insights are derived. We use topological
concepts to provide a structural view of the points. We analyze them
in their original space and depict their clustering structure using
intuitive landscapes. We describe the visual analysis process to
define and simplify the structural view and to perform local analysis
by linking individual features to other visualizations.
A semi-supervised method for topic extraction from micro postings
Authors: Fuchs Georg , Stange Hendrik , Samiei Ahmad , Andrienko Gennady , Andrienko Natalia 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Social networking services have become a major channel for the digital
society to share content, opinions, experiences on activities or
events, as well as on products, services and brands. Evaluating
digital feedback on the latter can be a valuable asset for companies
seeking product and consumer insights. However, the analysis of
short, noisy, fragmented, and often subjective textual data still
remains a challenge. Typically, the human analyst needs to be
actively involved during extraction and modeling to resolve
ambiguities that will inevitable arise in such data and to put the
model into context. This paper proposes a visual analytics approach
that enables a first intuition and exploration of topics appearing in
the text corpus, and facilitates the interactive-iterative refinement
of the overall topic model describing the stream of tweets. A second
contribution is the discussion of efficient graph community detection
algorithms to extract initial topics as the starting point of
interactive analysis that complement approaches such as LDA. The
applicability and utility of the proposed approach is shown for
a real-world use case: the analysis of product insights and
topic-driven social networks analysis for a specific product line for
an international hair styling and cosmetics company.