bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Description of Xiphinema castilloi sp. n. (Dorylaimida: Longidoridae) from Iran and its phylogenetic relationships
Authors: Roshan-Bakhsh Ali , Roshan-Bakhsh Ali , Pourjam Ebrahim , Roshan-Bakhsh Ali , Pourjam Ebrahim , Pedram Majid , Roshan-Bakhsh Ali , Pourjam Ebrahim , Pedram Majid , Robbins Robert T. , Roshan-Bakhsh Ali , Pourjam Ebrahim , Pedram Majid , Robbins Robert T. , Decraemer Wilfrida 
Published: March 2014

Xiphinema castilloi sp. n., a new species of morphogroup 5 sensu Loof & Luc, 1990, is described and illustrated based on morphological, morphometric and molecular data. The new species is characterised by a 4.2-5.0 mm body assuming an open C to J shape after heat fixation, lip region separated from the body by a shallow depression, a 101-126 μm odontostyle, two equally developed genital tracts with pseudo-Z-organ in uterus (8-11 globular structures) and devoid of spines, tail dorsally convex conoid with a mucro, presence of functional males, and four juvenile developmental stages. By having two equally developed genital tracts, presence of pseudo-Z-organ, and similarities in tail shape of females and juveniles, the new species comes more close to X. artemisiae, X. diversicaudatum, X. erriae, X. jomercium, X. lapidosum, X. lusitanicum and X. ripogranum. The Bayesian inference (BI) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) analyses using 707 bp partial sequences of D2-D3 segment of 28S rDNA placed the new species in a monophyletic group with X. dentatum, another member of morphospecies group 5 with 1.00 Bayesian posterior probability (BPP).
Two new species of Amemboa Esaki (Heteroptera: Gerridae) from West Bengal, India
Authors: BASU SRIMOYEE , SUBRAMANIAN K. A. , POLHEMUS DAN. A. 
Published: March 2014

Amemboa mahananda sp. nov. and Amemboa bifurcata sp. nov. are described from Mahananda Wildlife Sanctuary, in the Darjeeling district and from Kalikhola, in the Jalpaiguri district of West Bengal, and compared with all allied species. A species checklist of the genus Amemboa Esaki, 1925 and Amemboides Polhemus & Andersen, 1984 from India and their distribution in India and elsewhere is provided. Amemboa kumari (Distant, 1910) is reported for the first time from West Bengal and Amemboa dentata Polhemus & Andersen, 1984 is newly recorded from Himachal Pradesh.
Exercise training programs to improve hand rim wheelchair propulsion capacity: a systematic review
Authors: Zwinkels Maremka , Verschuren Olaf , Janssen Thomas WJ , Ketelaar Marjolijn , Takken Tim ,   on behalf of the Sport-2-Stay-Fit study group, Backx FJG , de Groot JF , Takken T , Smits DW , Verschuren OW , Visser-Meily JMA , Volman MJ , Wittink HW , Zwinkels M 
Published: March 2014

Objective: An adequate wheelchair propulsion capacity is required to perform daily life activities. Exercise training may be effective to gain or improve wheelchair propulsion capacity. This review investigates whether different types of exercise training programs are effective in improving wheelchair propulsion capacity. Data sources: PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched from their respective inceptions in October 2013. Review methods: Exercise training studies with at least one outcome measure regarding wheelchair propulsion capacity were included. In this study wheelchair propulsion capacity includes four parameters to reflect functional wheelchair propulsion: cardio-respiratory fitness (aerobic capacity), anaerobic capacity, muscular fitness and mechanical efficiency. Articles were not selected on diagnosis, training type or mode. Studies were divided into four training types: interval, endurance, strength, and mixed training. Methodological quality was rated with the PEDro scale, and the level of evidence was determined. Results: The 21 included studies represented 249 individuals with spinal-cord injury (50%), various diagnoses like spina bifida (4%), cerebral palsy (2%), traumatic injury, (3%) and able-bodied participants (38%). All interval training studies found a significant improvement of 18-64% in wheelchair propulsion capacity. Three out of five endurance training studies reported significant effectiveness. Methodological quality was generally poor and there were only two randomised controlled trials. Conclusion: Exercise training programs seem to be effective in improving wheelchair propulsion capacity. However, there is remarkably little research, particularly for individuals who do not have spinal-cord injury.
Accuracy of the Brazilian Version of the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly at Screening for Dementia in Community-Dwelling Elderly Participants
Authors: Lourenço Roberto Alves , Sanchez Maria Angélica dos Santos 
Published: March 2014

Objectives: To determine the accuracy of the Brazilian version of the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE-BR) for screening for dementia and to analyze the association of sociodemographic variables of the elderly participants and informant, as well as the mental health of the informant, in the scores of the questionnaire. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 417 elderly participants and their informants from the sample of the Frailty in the Brazilian Elderly Study, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The older individuals were assessed by clinical, functional, and neurocognitive evaluation, and the diagnosis of dementia was established according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder (Fourth Edition) criteria. The informants were evaluated by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Center of Epidemiologic Studies—Depression Scale, and Burden Interview Scale. The Cambridge Cognitive Examination Test—Revised (CAMCOG-R) was used for convergent validity analysis. The association between IQCODE-BR and the study variables was determined by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: The best cutoff point was 3.26; the sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver–operating characteristic curve were 89%, 72%, and 0.88 (95% confidence interval: 0.837-0.917), respectively. The CAMCOG-R and the MMSE showed a moderate and negative association with IQCODE-BR. Conclusion: The IQCODE-BR is an instrument with good accuracy for the detection of dementia syndrome in Brazilian older person.
A phase 1 study of the PI3Kδ inhibitor idelalisib in patients with relapsed/refractory mantle cell lymphoma (MCL)
Authors: Kahl Brad S. , Spurgeon Stephen E. , Furman Richard R. , Flinn Ian W. , Coutre Steven E. , Brown Jennifer R. , Benson Don M. , Byrd John C. , Peterman Sissy , Cho Yoonjin , Yu Albert , Godfrey Wayne R. , Wagner-Johnston Nina D. 
Published: March 2014

Key PointsThis clinical study assessed idelalisib, a selective PI3Kδ inhibitor, in 40 patients with relapsed/refractory MCL. In a dose-escalation trial in heavily pretreated patients, an overall response rate of 40% was observed with an acceptable safety profile.
Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Versus Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer: Comparison of Toxicity
Authors: Yu James B. , Cramer Laura D. , Herrin Jeph , Soulos Pamela R. , Potosky Arnold L. , Gross Cary P. 
Published: March 2014

Purpose Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is a technically demanding prostate cancer treatment that may be less expensive than intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). Because SBRT may deliver a greater biologic dose of radiation than IMRT, toxicity could be increased. Studies comparing treatment cost to the Medicare program and toxicity are needed. Methods We performed a retrospective study by using a national sample of Medicare beneficiaries age ≥ 66 years who received SBRT or IMRT as primary treatment for prostate cancer from 2008 to 2011. Each SBRT patient was matched to two IMRT patients with similar follow-up (6, 12, or 24 months). We calculated the cost of radiation therapy treatment to the Medicare program and toxicity as measured by Medicare claims; we used a random effects model to compare genitourinary (GU), GI, and other toxicity between matched patients. Results The study sample consisted of 1,335 SBRT patients matched to 2,670 IMRT patients. The mean treatment cost was $13,645 for SBRT versus $21,023 for IMRT. In the 6 months after treatment initiation, 15.6% of SBRT versus 12.6% of IMRT patients experienced GU toxicity (odds ratio [OR], 1.29; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.53; P = .009). At 24 months after treatment initiation, 43.9% of SBRT versus 36.3% of IMRT patients had GU toxicity (OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.63; P = .001). The increase in GU toxicity was due to claims indicative of urethritis, urinary incontinence, and/or obstruction. Conclusion Although SBRT was associated with lower treatment costs, there appears to be a greater rate of GU toxicity for patients undergoing SBRT compared with IMRT, and prospective correlation with randomized trials is needed.
The Association Between Body Composition, 25(OH)D, and PTH and Bone Mineral Density in Black African and Asian Indian Population Groups
Authors: George Jaya A. , Micklesfield L. K. , Norris S. A. , Crowther N. J. 
Published: March 2014

Context and Objective:
There are few data on the contribution of body composition to bone mineral density (BMD) in non-Caucasian populations. We therefore studied the contribution of body composition, and possible confounding of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and PTH, to BMD at various skeletal sites in black African (BA) and Asian Indian (AI) subjects.

Design and Setting:
This was a cross-sectional study in Johannesburg, South Africa.

Participants:
BMD, body fat, and lean mass were measured using dual x-ray absorptiometry and abdominal fat distribution by ultrasound in 714 healthy subjects, aged 18–65 years.

Results:
Whole-body (subtotal), hip, femoral neck, and lumbar spine (lumbar) BMD were significantly higher in BA than AI subjects (P &lt; .001 for all). Whole-body lean mass positively associated with BMD at all sites in both ethnic groups (P &lt; .001 for all) and partially explained the higher BMD in BA females compared with AI females. Whole-body fat mass correlated positively with lumbar BMD in BA (P = .001) and inversely with subtotal BMD in AI subjects (P &lt; .0001). Visceral adiposity correlated inversely with subtotal BMD in the BA (P = .037) and with lumbar BMD in the AI group (P = .005). No association was found between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and BMD. PTH was inversely associated with hip BMD in the BA group (P = .01) and with subtotal (P = .002), hip (P = .001), and femoral BMD (P &lt; .0001) in the AI group.

Conclusions:
Significant differences in whole-body and site-specific BMD between the BA and AI groups were observed, with lean mass the major contributor to BMD at all sites in both groups. The contribution of other components of body composition differed by site and ethnic group.
Combined Experimental and DFT Study of the Chemical Binding of Copper Ions on the Surface of Nanodiamonds
Authors: Gridnev Ilya D , Osipov Vladimir Yu , Aleksenskii Alexander E , Vul’ Alexander Ya , Enoki Toshiaki 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
DFT (density functional theory) computations of the chemical fixation of copper ions on the naturally functionalized surface of nanodiamond crystallites bound by (111) planes revealed exothermic formation of chelate Cu complexes with two appropriately located carboxylic groups on the (111) surface. The irreversible strict fixation of copper ions is achieved via removing acetic acid in low-pressure conditions yields the corresponding chelate complexes not bearing any other ligands except for the surface carboxylic groups. Optimization of positional isomers of the chelating complexes showed that complexation is more likely to take place near the edges (linear ribs) of the nanoparticle. Nearby functional groups like –F, –Cl, or –OH substituents on the surface strongly affect the structures and stabilities of the resulting chelate complexes. Some of the copper atoms may be incorporated into unusual Cu(III) complexes with Cu–C covalent bonds.
The effect of resveratrol on normal and osteoarthritic chondrocyte metabolism
Authors: Kim H. J. , Braun H. J. , Dragoo J. L. 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundResveratrol is a polyphenolic compound commonly found in the skins of red grapes. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a human gene that is activated by resveratrol and has been shown to promote longevity and boost mitochondrial metabolism. We examined the effect of resveratrol on normal and osteoarthritic (OA) human chondrocytes.MethodsNormal and OA chondrocytes were incubated with various concentrations of resveratrol (1 µM, 10 µM, 25 µM and 50 µM) and cultured for 24, 48 or 72 hours or for six weeks. Cell proliferation, gene expression, and senescence were evaluated.ResultsSIRT1 was significantly upregulated in normal chondrocytes with resveratrol concentrations of 25 µM and 50 µM on both two- (2D) (both p = 0.001) and three-dimensional (3D) cultures (p = 0.008 and 0.001, respectively). It was significantly upregulated in OA chondrocytes treated with 10 µM, 25 µM and 50 µM resveratrol on 2D cultures (p = 0.036, 0.002 and 0.001, respectively) and at 50 µM concentration on 3D cultures (p = 0.001). At 72 hours, the expression of collagen (COL)-10, aggrecan (AGG), and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) was significantly greater in both 25 µM (p = 0.011, 0.006 and 0.015, respectively) and 50 µM (p = 0.019, 0.004 and 0.002, respectively) resveratrol-treated normal chondrocyte cultures. In OA chondrocytes, expression of COL10 and RUNX2 was significantly greater in 25 µM (p = 0.004 and 0.024) and 50 µM (p = 0.004 and 0.019) cultures at 72 hours on 3D cultures.ConclusionsAt concentrations of 25 µM and/or 50 µM, resveratrol treatment significantly upregulates SIRT1 gene expression in normal and osteoarthritic chondrocytes. Resveratrol induces chondrocytes into a hypertrophic state through upregulation of COL1, COL10, and RUNX2. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2014;3:51–9.
Quantifying tree biomass carbon stocks, their changes and uncertainties using routine stand taxation inventory data
Authors: Wutzler Thomas , Profft Ingolf , Mund Martina 
Published: March 2014

For carbon (C) trading or any other verifiable C reports, it would be reasonable to identify and quantify continuous changes in carbon stocks at regional scales without high investments into additional C-specific, time- and labor-intensive inventories. Our study demonstrates the potential of using routine stand taxation data from large scale forestry inventories for verifiable quantification of tree biomass C stocks, C stock change rates, and associated uncertainties. Empirical models, parameters, and equations of uncertainty propagation have been assembled and applied to data from a forest management unit in Central Germany (550 000 ha), using stand taxation inventories collected between 1993 and 2006. The study showed: 1) The use of stand taxation data resulted in a verifiable and sufficiently precise (cv = 7%) quantification of tree biomass carbon stocks and their changes at the level of growth-regions (1700 to 140 000Â ha). 2) The forest of the test region accumulated carbon in tree biomass at a mean annual rate of 1.8 (â0.9 to 4.5) tC/ha/yr over the studied period. 3) The taxation inventory data can reveal spatial patterns of rates of C stock changes, specifically low rates of 0.4 tC/ha/yr in the northwest and high rates of 3.0 tC/ha/yr in the south of the study region.
Microsite occupancy and the spatial structure of understorey regeneration in three late-successional Norway spruce forests in northern Europe
Authors: Grenfell Russell , Aakala Tuomas , Kuuluvainen Timo 
Published: March 2014

We compared microsite occupancy and three spatial structure of regeneration in three primeval late-successional Norway spruce dominated forests. One area lay in the middle boreal zone in Russia (Dvina-Pinega) where larger-scale disturbance from bark beetles and drought had occurred; the other areas lay in the northern boreal zone, one in Finland (Pallas-YllÃ¤s) had encountered only small-scale disturbance, and one in Russia (Kazkim) had been influenced by fire. We mapped all spruce (Picea abies) and birch (Betula pendula and Betula pubescens) trees with diameter at breast height (DBH) â¥ 10 cm on 40Â m 400Â m plots, and those with DBHÂ < 10 cm on 2Â m or 4Â m 400Â m subplots. On the subplots we also recorded microsite occupancy and estimated microsite availability. At all study areas small seedlings (hÂ < 0.3Â m) of both spruce and birch were found largely on disturbance-related microsites. Birch saplings (h â¥ 1.3Â m, DBHÂ < 10Â cm) disproportionately occupied deadwood-related microsites at Dvina-Pinega. In contrast, spruce saplings at all study areas, and birch saplings at Kazkim and Pallas-YllÃ¤s, showed less, or no, preference. Our results thus confirm the importance of disturbance-related microsites for regeneration establishment, but not necessarily for long-term survival. No spatial segregation between the overstorey (DBH â¥ 10Â cm) and saplings (h â¥ 1.3Â m,Â DBHÂ < 10Â cm) or seedlings (hÂ < 1.3Â m) was found at Pallas-YllÃ¤s or Kazkim, and only three instances of very weak segregation were found at Dvina-Pinega. This suggests that the regeneration gap concept may not be useful for describing the regeneration dynamics of primeval boreal forests.
Effect of Mn/S Ratio on the Hot Ductility of Eco-friendly Bi-S based Free Cutting Steel
Authors: Liu Haitao , Yu Yanchong , Chen Weiqing , Wang Qingxian , Wang Guangshun 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe hot ductility of eco-friendly Bi-S based free cutting steels with different Mn/S ratios was studied using a Gleeble-1500 thermal–mechanical simulator. The hot ductility of the steel was found to depend on the Mn/S ratio, and the Mn/S ratio of the steel should be greater than 3.5 for hot rolling of billets without crack development. The low Mn/S ratio would inhibit the occurrence of the dynamic recrystallization and cause the formation of the low melting point sulfide Fe-rich (Fe,Mn)S as secondary phases, which could obviously reduce the strength of the grain boundary and resulted in the formation of cracks along the grain boundary. The higher the Mn/S ratio in the steel, the lower the Fe content in the Fe-rich (Fe,Mn)S phases. When the Mn/S ratio in the steel was high enough, the sulfide phases in the steel were mainly MnS as primary inclusions and the low melting point sulfide phases could be effectively avoided forming. While the Mn/S ratio could influence the hot ductility of the steel over the whole temperature range of 900–1200 °C, the segregation of bismuth along grain boundary could be harmful to the hot ductility in addition to the lower Mn/S ratio for the temperature was no more than 1050 °C.
Morphological and mechanical properties of chemically treated municipal solid waste (MSW)/banana fiber and their reinforcement in polymer composites
Authors: Aseer John Joseph Raj Ronald , Sankaranarayanasamy Krishnasamy , Jayabalan Perumalsamy , Natarajan Ramakrishna , Dasan Keereyadath Priya 
Published: March 2014

AbstractMunicipal solid waste (MSW) generation increased rapidly due to the change in food habits, increasing urbanization and changed lifestyle of people. The aim of the present study was to analyze the possible use of MSW as filler in fiber-reinforced urea formaldehyde composites. The mechanical properties of the composites were investigated as a function of different volume fractions (
Zwischen Naturalismus und Sozialkonstruktivismus
Authors: Schüler Sebastian 
Published: March 2014

ZusammenfassungNaturalistische Religionstheorien basieren auf der grundlegenden Annahme, dass sich Religionen aus den evolutionären und biologischen Merkmalen des Menschen entwickelt haben und somit zur ‚Natur‘ des Menschen gehören. In den letzten Jahren wurden solche Theorien durch den Einfluss der Kognitionswissenschaften weiterentwickelt und stellen mittlerweile ein neues Paradigma in der Religionsforschung dar. Demgegenüber steht das Verständnis einer kulturwissenschaftlich ausgerichteten Religionswissenschaft, die davon ausgeht, dass Religionen soziale Konstrukte beziehungsweise kulturelle Symbolsysteme sind. Der Beitrag stellt neben der klassischen Religionstheorie von Walter Burkert auch neuere Theorien vor und diskutiert, inwiefern solche naturalistischen Ansätze mit einem kulturwissenschaftlichen Verständnis von Religion kompatibel sind und worin deren Mehrwert für die Religionswissenschaft liegen kann.
Rituale und Kognition
Authors: Echtler Magnus 
Published: March 2014

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Beitrag diskutiere ich Whitehouses Theorie der Modi der Religiosität, die den imagistischen Modus, basierend auf dem episodischen Gedächtnis, dem doktrinalen Modus, basierend auf dem semantischen Gedächtnis, gegenüber stellt. Anhand von drei Beispielen aus der religiösen Praxis und der Geschichte einer südafrikanischen Kirche – dem sakralen Tanz, dem öffentlichen Zeugnis von persönlichen Heilungserlebnissen sowie der Spaltung der Kirche – zeige ich die Begrenztheit von Whitehouses kognitivem Erklärungsmodell. Dennoch ist Whitehouses Theorie für die säkulare Religionswissenschaft von Nutzen, da er ihren von postkolonialer Kritik in Frage gestellten vergleichenden Ansatz naturalistisch untermauert. Wünschenswert ist dabei die verstärkte Aufmerksamkeit für die vielfältigen Wechselwirkungen zwischen kognitiven, sozialen und kulturellen Faktoren, auch unter Preisgabe der einfachen Klarheit von Whitehouses bipolarem Erklärungsmodell.
Religionsethologie – die biologischen Wurzeln religiösen Verhaltens
Authors: Wunn Ina , Urban Patrick , Klein Constantin 
Published: March 2014

ZusammenfassungDer Artikel skizziert die Grundlagen einer neuen Subdisziplin innerhalb der Religionswissenschaft, der Religionsethologie. Religionsethologie lässt sich letztlich auf Charles Darwin selbst zurückführen, der bereits in seinem Buch
Use of Modified Acute Concussion Evaluation Tools in the Emergency Department
Authors: Zuckerbraun Noel S. , Atabaki Shireen , Collins Michael W. , Thomas Danny , Gioia Gerard A. 
Published: March 2014

OBJECTIVES:
Accurate recognition of pediatric concussion in the emergency department (ED) is important to ensure appropriate management for safe recovery. The study objective was to determine whether the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Acute Concussion Evaluation (ACE) tools, modified for ED use, improved patient follow-up and post-injury behaviors.

METHODS:
The original ACE tools (ACE, ACE Care Plan) were modified for ED use via Delphi methodology with an expert panel and implemented in 2 urban pediatric EDs for patients aged 5 to 21 years evaluated within 24 hours of a head injury. Pre- (February 2009 to July 2009) and post- (December 2009 to June 2010) implementation, patient phone surveys were conducted 1, 2, and 4 weeks after ED discharge. Reported rates of patient follow-up and recovery measures were analyzed. ED clinician adherence was assessed.

RESULTS:
During the study, 164 patients were enrolled pre-implementation and 190 post-implementation. The mean patient age was 10.6 years (SD, 3.7); 65% were males, 49% were African American, and 46% were Caucasian. Post-implementation, 58% of patients received the modified ACE diagnostic tool and 84% received the modified ACE discharge instructions. Follow-up was improved at all time points (32% vs 61% at week 4; P &lt; .001; odds ratio, 3.4; 95% confidence interval, 2.1–5.4). Post-implementation, parental recall of discharge instructions was significantly increased, patient’s mean total post-concussion symptom score was significantly higher, and report of return to normal activity was significantly longer.

CONCLUSIONS:
The ACE tools, modified for ED use, were successfully implemented in the pediatric ED. Post-implementation, increased patient follow-up and improved recall of and adherence to ED discharge recommendations was demonstrated.