bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single site-specific integration targeting coupled with embryonic stem cell differentiation provides a high-throughput alternative to in vivo enhancer analyses
Authors: Wilkinson Adam C. , Goode Debbie K. , Cheng Yi-Han , Dickel Diane E. , Foster Sam , Sendall Tim , Tijssen Marloes R. , Sanchez Maria-Jose , Pennacchio Len A. , Kirkpatrick Aileen M. , Göttgens Berthold 
Published: October 2013

Summary
Comprehensive analysis of cis-regulatory elements is key to understanding the dynamic gene regulatory networks that control embryonic development. While transgenic animals represent the gold standard assay, their generation is costly, entails significant animal usage, and in utero development complicates time-course studies. As an alternative, embryonic stem (ES) cells can readily be differentiated in a process that correlates well with developing embryos. Here, we describe a highly effective platform for enhancer assays using an Hsp68/Venus reporter cassette that targets to the Hprt locus in mouse ES cells. This platform combines the flexibility of Gateway® cloning, live cell trackability of a fluorescent reporter, low background and the advantages of single copy insertion into a defined genomic locus. We demonstrate the successful recapitulation of tissue-specific enhancer activity for two cardiac and two haematopoietic enhancers. In addition, we used this assay to dissect the functionality of the highly conserved Ets/Ets/Gata motif in the Scl+19 enhancer, which revealed that the Gata motif is not required for initiation of enhancer activity. We further confirmed that Gata2 is not required for endothelial activity of the Scl+19 enhancer using Gata2−/− Scl+19 transgenic embryos. We have therefore established a valuable toolbox to study gene regulatory networks with broad applicability.
Insights into differential activity patterns of Drosophilids under semi-natural conditions
Authors: Prabhakaran Priya M. , Sheeba Vasu 
Published: October 2013

Summary
We showed recently that Drosophila ananassae (DA), a closely related and sympatric species of the commonly studied fruitfly D. melanogaster (DM), shows distinctly deviant pattern in circadian activity/rest rhythm from the latter, under a variety of laboratory conditions. To examine whether such differences extend to more natural conditions where a variety of time cues and similar environmental pressures might force different species to adopt similar temporal patterns we examined these two species under semi-natural conditions over a span of 1.5-yrs. Furthermore, we asked to what extent features of activity/rest rhythm of flies are conserved across species under changing environmental conditions encountered across seasons, and to do so, we studied two more Drosophilid species. We found that while each species exhibits seasonality in activity patterns, it is marked by interesting inter-species differences. Similar to laboratory studies DA showed activity mostly during the day, while DM and D. malerkotliana (DK) exhibit almost similar activity patterns across seasons with predominantly two peaks of activity, one in the morning and another in the evening. Throughout the year Z. indianus (ZI) displayed very low levels of activity compared to DM, yet, compared to that seen in standard laboratory assays this species exhibited more robust rhythm under semi-natural conditions. We hypothesise that different ecological factors may have influenced these species to adopt different temporal niches.
Allometry of cranial morphology, gape size and ingestion performance in the banded watersnake (Nerodia fasciata) feeding on two types of prey
Authors: Hampton Paul 
Published: October 2013

Summary
Small body size imposes limitations on the feeding capabilities of juveniles, particularly species that consume their prey whole. It has been hypothesized that juveniles exhibit exceptional performance measures to compensate for their small size. However, few studies have examined if juveniles have better feeding performance relative to adults. Investigations of snake feeding ontogeny have not found support for the compensation hypothesis. I tested this hypothesis by comparing maximum gape circumference and ingestion performance (time and number of pterygoid protractions) in a series of banded watersnakes (Nerodia fasciata) of different sizes fed fish and frogs. I also measured several external and osteological dimensions of the head and used Akaike's Information Criterion to determine which morphological measurements were the strongest predictors of relative gape. All skull measures and maximum gape circumference showed negative allometry compared to snout-vent length (SVL). Given the available models, AIC analysis indicated that both skull length and mandible length were the strongest predictors of gape circumference for both external and osteological measurements. Multiple regression analysis of ingestion performance indicated SVL was negatively correlated with the time and number of pterygoid protractions required to consume fish or frogs, indicating juveniles do not have a higher ingestion performance than adults. While exaggerated morphology in juvenile snakes does not appear to improve ingestion performance, a larger gape should increase the ability of juvenile snakes to consume a wide range of encountered prey shapes and sizes.
Pharmacological characterization of N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA)-like receptors in the single-celled organismParamecium primaurelia
Authors: Ramoino Paola , Candiani Simona , Pittaluga Anna Maria , Usai Cesare , Gallus Lorenzo , Ferrando Sara , Milanese Marco , Faimali Marco , Bonanno Giambattista 
Published: October 2013

SummaryParamecium primaurelia is a unicellular eukaryote that moves in freshwater by ciliary beating and responds to environmental stimuli by altering motile behaviour. The movements of the cilia are controlled by the electrical changes of the cell membrane: when the intraciliary Ca2+ concentration associated with plasma membrane depolarization increases, the ciliary beating reverses its direction, and consequently the swimming direction changes. The ciliary reversal duration is correlated with the amount of Ca2+ influx. Here we evaluated the effects due to the activation or blockade of NMDA receptors on swimming behaviour in Paramecium. Paramecia normally swim forward drawing almost linear tracks. We observed that the simultaneous administration of NMDA and glycine induced a partial ciliary reversal (PaCR) leading to a continuous spiral-like swim. Furthermore, the duration of continuous ciliary reversal (CCR), triggered by high external KCl concentrations, was longer in NMDA/glycine treated cells. NMDA action required the presence of Ca2+, as the normal forward swimming was restored when the ion was omitted from the extracellular milieu. The PaCR and the enhancement of CCR duration significantly decreased when the antagonists of the glutamate site D-AP5 or CGS19755, the NMDA channel blocker MK-801, or the glycine site antagonist DCKA were added. The action of NMDA/glycine was also abolished by Zn2+ or ifenprodil, the GluN2A and the GluN2B NMDA-containing subunit blockers, respectively. Searches of the Paramecium genome database currently available indicate that the NMDA-like receptor with ligand binding characteristics of an NMDA receptor-like complex, purified from rat brain synaptic membranes and found in some metazoan genome, is also present in Paramecium. These results provide evidence that functional NMDA receptors similar to those typical of mammalian neuronal cells are present in the single-celled organism Paramecium and thus suggest that the glutamatergic NMDA system is a phylogenetically old behaviour-controlling mechanism.
Exploring the generic boundary zone: Narrative perspective in George Orwell’s ‘A hanging’ and Janette Turner Hospital’s ‘The mango tree’
Authors: Lee Carolyne 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
In this article, I show how the ‘narratorial presence’ (our aesthetic experience of being in the story), constructed for the reader in relation to each specific story, occurs at the intersection of highly nuanced narratological structures and reading conventions. Such conventions can also shape our view of ‘borderline’ texts as either ‘story’ or ‘essay’. Drawing first on narratological features originally articulated by Franz Stanzel and Gerard Genette, this article extends these articulations to fully explore and describe the nexus between pronoun choice in short narratives and the specific and heightened effects constructed by readers – that is, narrative perspective, an aspect affecting the entire reading experience.
Reviews
Authors: Petter Sylvia , March-Russell Paul 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Of weather and the land: Short fiction from Australia
Forecast: Turbulence, Janette Turner Hospital (2011) Australia: Harper Collins, 232 pp., ISBN: 9780732294441, h/bk, AUD 22.99
In the Shade of the Shady Tree: Stories of Wheatbelt Australia, John Kinsella (2012) Athens, OH, USA: Ohio University Press, 190 pp., ISBN: 9780804011372, h/bk, USD 19.96
Short Story Theories: A Twenty-First Century Perspective, Viorica Patea (ed.) (2012) Amsterdam: Rodopi, 346 pp., ISBN: 978-90-420-3564-5, h/bk, £63.75
Voicing the self: Narration, perspective and identity in Mary Elizabeth Braddon’s ‘Prince Ramji Rowdedow’ (1874)
Authors: Hatter Janine 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
This article considers Mary Elizabeth Braddon’s use of the short story form and authorial, character and narrative voice in her theatrical tale ‘Prince Ramji Rowdedow’ (1874). As context for this article prevailing Victorian approaches to narrative voice will be considered, alongside Braddon’s acting and playwright careers, emphasizing her knowledge of how the voice is utilized on and offstage. The thesis of this article is that although the voice can be fragmented, it is a vital and powerful element of identity construction for both fictional characters and real people. However, Braddon’s deliberate exposé of the highly constructed nature of the theatre demonstrates that a person’s identity is socially rather than individually constructed.
‘To sing the beauties of the Haitian motherland’: The voice of the Griot in Jacques-Stéphen Alexis’ Romancero aux étoiles (1960)
Authors: Bascombe Carla 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
There is a glaring disparity between the number of short stories being published by writers of Haitian origin and the body of literary criticism that exists on these stories. This article examines the relationship of narration and nation and will seek to bring the Haitian short story to the fore with specific emphasis on the voice of the griot in the 1960 collection Romancero aux étoiles/A Serenade to the Stars by writer Jacques-Stéphen Alexis. The griot, a traditionally African figure, is the ever-present narrator in this collection, thus reminding the reader of the strong connection of the Haitian short story to African oral traditions. The article begins by analysing Alexis and how he integrates his réalisme merveilleux approach to literature. It then locates Alexis’ collection within the framework of Haitian short fiction. The narrative voice that Jacques-Stéphen Alexis uses in his short stories is a multifaceted one that reflects the political environment of a nation that is perpetually reminded of its tenuous history and fecund culture.
Leverets
Authors: Mort Graham 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
By submitting an original short story and an essay exploring its genesis, antecedents and composition, this article explores the creative process in the context of the demands being made upon creative writers to position their writing as research within the UK higher education academy. Whilst pointing to the rigidity of current research models it also indicates the intense subjectivities at play in the reading and realization of fictional forms, discussing both process and affect in doing so.
‘I Contain Multitudes’: The queer chronotopes of Annie Proulx’s ‘Brokeback Mountain’
Authors: Madden Christopher 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
This article will explore Annie Proulx’s treatment of the expansive Wyoming setting and the characters’ traumatic lives in ‘Brokeback Mountain’ as factors that would seem to militate against the generic limits of the short story form. Through Mikhail Bakhtin’s concept of the chronotope, I will argue that Proulx represents memory and geography in images in which time and space coalesce or are torn asunder to signify a love that literally dare not speak its name because it would be lethal to do so. The story’s central theme of queer love between two novice shepherds has a concomitant effect on what constitutes the normative in Wyoming’s fiercely patriarchal and machismo world. This results in a range of chronotopes in which heteronormative space and time undergo queer revision. Drawing upon queer theory tropes such as futurity and counterpublics, I suggest that Proulx’s queering of the literary form of the pastoral recalibrates notions of domesticity and the family. Proulx’s imagery thus reveals an alternative ethic secretly at work in the story’s milieu that narrative discourse opens to the reader even if its secret significance is sullied and even silenced by rural myth and history in its represented world.
Legending in flagrante delicto: The short fiction of Can Xue
Authors: Stevenson Simon 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Mainland Chinese writer Can Xue (1953–) has one of the most distinctive voices in contemporary fiction. Her short pieces have been favourably compared with those of Kafka and share something of the same metamorphic transformation of the social order into something more oneiric and malleable. This article discusses the critical reception of her work that has tended to interpret her innovative narrative strategies as a response to the trauma suffered by her family during the Cultural Revolution, noting that the author herself plays down these political considerations, stressing instead the attempt to depict a singular internal world. It suggests that Gilles Deleuze’s concept of ‘legending’ provides a way of negotiating between the external socio-political contexts and the internal ‘soul worlds’ of Can Xue’s writing, and outlines the importance of the concept for a reading of short fiction in general.
Primo Levi as storyteller: The uses of fiction, creative non-fiction and the hard to classify in Levi’s narrative of the Holocaust
Authors: McCrory Moy 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The varied forms of short prose writing used by Primo Levi in his continued narrative of the Holocaust allows a reconsideration of him as not merely its witness, but also as its storyteller. Taking The Periodic Table ([1975] 1986) as a conscious shift in Levi’s writing direction this article examines where the fictional developments and memory collide, and attempts to assess if this produces a more memorable format in order to reveal a difficult history. Do we continue to read Levi because his honesty is greater than the bare facts, and is there such a thing as a Holocaust aesthetic?
‘A certain amount of instruction’: Politics, entertainment and narration in the interwar short stories of Winifred Holtby, Sylvia Townsend Warner and Naomi Mitchison
Authors: Hopkins Chris 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
This article explores some of the political, but accessible and entertaining, short fiction written during the 1930s by women writers in Britain, which has been neglected both in work on the short story and by work on the period. It discusses as examples of the possibilities of this kind of writing some of the short fiction of Winifred Holtby, Sylvia Townsend Warner and Naomi Mitchison, with a particular focus on their uses of unreliable narration.
Utility of genetic testing in suspected familial cranial diabetes insipidus
Authors: Srinivasan Ramesh , Ball Stephen , Ward-Platt Martin , Bourn David , McAnulty Ciaron , Cheetham Tim 
Published: October 2013

Summary
Aim: Differentiating familial cranial diabetes insipidus (CDI) from primary polydipsia can be difficult. We report the diagnostic utility of genetic testing as a means of confirming or excluding this diagnosis.
Patient and methods: The index case presented at 3 months with polydipsia. He was diagnosed with familial CDI based on a positive family history combined with what was considered to be suspicious symptomatology and biochemistry. He was treated with desmopressin (DDAVP) but re-presented at 5 months of age with hyponatraemia and the DDAVP was stopped. Gene sequencing of the vasopressin gene in father and his offspring was undertaken to establish the underlying molecular defect.
Results: Both father and daughter were found to have the pathogenic mutation c.242T>C (p.Leu81Pro) in exon 2 of the AVP gene consistent with a diagnosis of familial diabetes insipidus. The index case did not have the pathogenic mutation and the family could be reassured that he would not require intervention with DDAVP.
Conclusions: Gene sequencing of AVP gene can have a valuable role in predicting whether or not a child is at risk of developing CDI in future. This can help to prevent family uncertainty and unnecessary treatment with its associated risks.

Learning points

Differentiating patients with familial cranial diabetes insipidus from those with primary polydipsia is not always straightforward.

Molecular genetic analysis of the vasopressin gene is a valuable way of confirming or refuting a diagnosis of familial CDI in difficult cases and is a valuable way of identifying individuals who will develop CDI in later childhood. This information can be of great value to families.
Robust Estimates of Divergence Times and Selection with a Poisson Random Field Model: A Case Study of Comparative Phylogeographic Data
Authors: Amei Amei , Smith Brian Tilston 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Mutation frequencies can be modeled as a Poisson random field (PRF) to estimate speciation times and the degree of selection on newly arisen mutations. This approach provides a quantitative theory for comparing intraspecific polymorphism with interspecific divergence in the presence of selection and can be used to estimate population genetic parameters. Although the original PRF model has been extended to more general biological settings to make statistical inference about selection and divergence among model organisms, it has not been incorporated into phylogeographic studies that focus on estimating population genetic parameters for nonmodel organisms. Here, we modified a recently developed time-dependent PRF model to independently estimate genetic parameters from a nuclear and mitochondrial DNA data set of 22 sister pairs of birds that have diverged across a biogeographic barrier. We found that species that inhabit humid habitats had more recent divergence times and larger effective population sizes than those that inhabit drier habitats, and divergence time estimated from the PRF model were similar to estimates from a coalescent species-tree approach. Selection coefficients were higher in sister pairs that inhabited drier habitats than in those in humid habitats, but overall the mitochondrial DNA was under weak selection. Our study indicates that PRF models are useful for estimating various population genetic parameters and serve as a framework for incorporating estimates of selection into comparative phylogeographic studies.
Regulation of Aggression by Obesity-Linked GenesTfAP-2andTwzThrough Octopamine Signaling inDrosophila
Authors: Williams Michael J , Goergen Philip , Rajendran Jayasimman , Klockars Anica , Kasagiannis Anna , Fredriksson Robert , Schiöth Helgi B 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn Drosophila, the monoamine octopamine, through mechanisms that are not completely understood, regulates both aggression and mating behavior. Interestingly, our study demonstrates that the Drosophila obesity-linked homologs Transcription factor AP-2 (TfAP-2; TFAP2B in humans) and Tiwaz (Twz; KCTD15 in humans) interact to modify male behavior by controlling the expression of Tyramine β-hydroxylase and Vesicular monanime transporter, genes necessary for octopamine production and secretion. Furthermore, we reveal that octopamine in turn regulates aggression through the Drosophila cholecystokinin satiation hormone homolog Drosulfakinin (Dsk). Finally, we establish that TfAP-2 is expressed in octopaminergic neurons known to control aggressive behavior and that TfAP-2 requires functional Twz for its activity. We conclude that genetically manipulating the obesity-linked homologs TfAP-2 and Twz is sufficient to affect octopamine signaling, which in turn modulates Drosophila male behavior through the regulation of the satiation hormone Dsk.
Influence of Sample Sizes on Analyzing Community Parameters of Periphytic Diatoms for Bioassessment Using an Artificial Substrate in Coastal Waters
Authors: Jiang Yong. , Zhu Mingzhuang. , Zhang Wei. , Al‐Rasheid Khaled A. S. , Xu Henglong. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT: Influence of sample sizes on analyzing community parameters of periphytic diatoms was studied in coastal waters of the Yellow Sea from May 2010 to June 2010. Samples were collected from two depths of 1 m and 3 m using an artificial substrate. Based on a 95% probability, 15, 8, and 5 replicate slides (∼260, 140, and ∼90 cm2) were sufficient for recovering the diatom communities with specified cumulative contributions of 99%, 95%, and 90% at two depths, respectively. To achieve less than 10% standard errors (coefficients of variation), six (105 cm2) replicate slides were required for biodiversity analysis of the microperiphyton communities with various colonization times at two depths. More replicate sides were required for the young diatom communities (less than 14 days) than the mature samples (greater than 14 days). These results suggest that six replicate slides at two depths may be sufficient to analyze community parameters of periphytic diatoms in costal waters.
Impact of Biosolids Recycling on Groundwater Resources
Authors: McFarland Michael J. , Kumarsamy Karthik , Brobst Robert B. , Hais Alan. , Schmitz Mark D. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT: Using the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (U.S. EPA) Multimedia, Multi‐pathway, Multi‐receptor Exposure and Risk Assessment (3MRA) technology, a computer‐based biosolids groundwater risk characterization screening tool (RCST) was developed. The objective of this study was to apply the RCST to characterize the potential human health risks associated with exposure to biosolid pollutants. RCST application to two Virginia biosolids land application sites predicted that pollutant concentrations as large as ten times the current regulatory limit could be safely applied to land with no apparent human health effects associated with groundwater consumption. Only under unrealistically high biosolids application rates and pollutant concentrations were the public health risks associated with groundwater impairment characterized as significant (hazard quotient >= 1.0). For example, when the biosolids land application rate was increased to 900 Mg/ha and the pollutant concentrations were increased to ten times the legal limit, the hazard quotient value ranged from 1.27 (zinc) to 248.19 (selenium).