bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution of (n‐9) and (n‐7) Isomers of Monounsaturated Fatty Acids in Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea)
Authors: Bhogal N. S. , Bala Manju , Kumar Sandeep , Nanjundan J. , Singh Y. P. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe seed oils of 19 Indian mustard varieties were analyzed for fatty acid composition using GC–MS, reporting the presence of n‐7 isomers of C18:1, C20:1 and C22:1 fatty acids. n‐7 isomers namely cis‐vaccenic (C18:1), 11, eicosenoic(C20:1) and 13‐cis‐docosenoic (C22:1) acids ranged from 0.61 to 1.73, 1.04 to 1.69 and 0.58 to 1.17 %, respectively. The average values of C20:1(n‐7) was highest (1.36) amongst the three acids. Nervonic acid was also reported in the range of 0.69 to 2.52 %. The ratios of (n‐7)/(n‐9) ranged from 6.22 to 14.62, 12.38 to 27.35 and 2.01 to 3.24 % for C18:1, C20:1 and C22:1 fatty acids, respectively. The variety RLM‐619 had the lowest elongation ratio (ER) as 0.44 and the highest desaturation ratio (DR) as 0.41 indicating higher efficiency of the desaturation pathway than for other varieties. The oleic desaturation ratio (ODR) values varied from 0.68 (Basanti) to 0.75 (GM‐2) with a mean value of 0.72 and linoleic desaturation ratio from 0.40 (Basanti) to 0.49 (Pusa Bold) with a mean value of 0.45. Palmitoleic acid showed positive correlation with C18:1(n‐7), C20:1(n‐7), C20:2, C22:0, C22:1(n‐7), C24:1, (n‐7)/(n‐9) ratio of C18:1 and C22:1 and a positive trend with ER but a significant negative correlation with C18:3, DR and ODR. The results indicated that palmitoleic acid is an important intermediate component in the synthesis of long chain (n‐7) fatty acids.
Female second-year undergraduate medical students’ attitudes towards research at
the College of Medicine, Alfaisal University: a Saudi Arabian perspective
Authors: Abu-Zaid Ahmed , Alnajjar Asma 
Published: November 2013

There is a rapidly increasing movement towards integrating scientific research
training into undergraduate medical education. The aim of this study was to explore the
perceived attitudes of female second-year undergraduate medical students towards
research at the College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Saudi Arabia, as well as to
explore if any differences exist between students with and without previous research
experiences. An online, anonymous, cross-sectional, self-rating survey was administered.
A two-tailed Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare the mean 5-point Likert scale
responses between students with and without previous research experiences. Sixty-one
students (61/81) participated in the survey with a 75.3 % response rate. Nineteen
participants (31.1 %) had previous research experiences. Overall, all students
demonstrated positive attitudes towards undergraduate research. There were significant
statistical differences in the means of attitudes towards undergraduate research between
students with versus without previous research experiences in regards to the following
statements: ‘my adequate possession of research knowledge and skills promotes
participation in future research activities’ (3.4 vs. 2.9; p < 0.02), ‘I will
participate in scientific research activities throughout my undergraduate medical
education’ (3.7 vs. 3.1; p < 0.00), and ‘I have no interest at all in scientific
research’ (1.6 vs. 2.4; p < 0.01). Previous exposure to scientific research
experiences promotes more positive attitudes towards scientific research.
Implementing AORN Recommended Practices for Surgical Attire
Authors: Braswell Melanie L. , Spruce Lisa 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSurgical attire is intended to protect both patients and perioperative personnel. AORN published the “Recommended practices for surgical attire” to guide perioperative RNs in establishing protocols for selecting, wearing, and laundering surgical attire. Perioperative RNs should work with vendors and managers to ensure appropriate surgical attire is available, model the correct practices for donning and wearing surgical attire, and teach team members about evidence‐based practices. The recommendation that surgical attire not be home laundered is supported by evidence that perioperative nurses can share with their colleagues and managers to help support appropriate practices. Hospital and ambulatory surgery center scenarios have been included as examples of appropriate execution of these recommended practices.
An Effective Process for Making Decisions About Major Operating Room Purchases
Authors: Pennington Carol , DeRienzo Nancy Ruby 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn today's economy, it is imperative that nurses exhibit stewardship for their organization's resources and help ensure that purchasing decisions are sound. Regardless of the decision‐making method chosen, a formal, consistent review process that evaluates cost, compares products, examines implications, analyzes risk, uses evidence, and includes safety and outcome measures is vital to success. Clinical Quality Value Analysis (CQVA) is a product evaluation platform that can be used to determine whether a proposed product or service will add value to the organization as well as improve patient outcomes. Using CQVA for a proposed product or service is a five‐step process: assess, plan, design, implement, and measure/sustain.
Decision-Support Information System to Manage Mass Casualty Incidents at a Level 1 Trauma Center
Authors: Bar-El Yaron , Tzafrir Sara , Tzipori Idan , Utitz Liora , Halberthal Michael , Beyar Rafael , Reisner Shimon 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMass casualty incidents are probably the greatest challenge to a hospital. When such an event occurs, hospitals are required to instantly switch from their routine activity to conditions of great uncertainty and confront needs that exceed resources. We describe an information system that was uniquely designed for managing mass casualty events. The web-based system is activated when a mass casualty event is declared; it displays relevant operating procedures, checklists, and a log book. The system automatically or semiautomatically initiates phone calls and public address announcements. It collects real-time data from computerized clinical and administrative systems in the hospital, and presents them to the managing team in a clear graphic display. It also generates periodic reports and summaries of available or scarce resources that are sent to predefined recipients. When the system was tested in a nationwide exercise, it proved to be an invaluable tool for informed decision making in demanding and overwhelming situations such as mass casualty events. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2013;7:549–554)
Orientation dynamics of small, triaxial–ellipsoidal particles in isotropic turbulence
Authors: Chevillard Laurent , Meneveau Charles 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe orientation dynamics of small anisotropic tracer particles in turbulent flows is studied using direct numerical simulation (DNS) and results are compared with Lagrangian stochastic models. Generalizing earlier analysis for axisymmetric ellipsoidal particles (Parsa et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 109, 2012, 134501), we measure the orientation statistics and rotation rates of general, triaxial–ellipsoidal tracer particles using Lagrangian tracking in DNS of isotropic turbulence. Triaxial ellipsoids that are very long in one direction, very thin in another and of intermediate size in the third direction exhibit reduced rotation rates that are similar to those of rods in the ellipsoid’s longest direction, while exhibiting increased rotation rates that are similar to those of axisymmetric discs in the thinnest direction. DNS results differ significantly from the case when the particle orientations are assumed to be statistically independent from the velocity gradient tensor. They are also different from predictions of a Gaussian process for the velocity gradient tensor, which does not provide realistic preferred vorticity–strain-rate tensor alignments. DNS results are also compared with a stochastic model for the velocity gradient tensor based on the recent fluid deformation approximation (RFDA). Unlike the Gaussian model, the stochastic model accurately predicts the reduction in rotation rate in the longest direction of triaxial ellipsoids since this direction aligns with the flow’s vorticity, with its rotation perpendicular to the vorticity being reduced. For disc-like particles, or in directions perpendicular to the longest direction in triaxial particles, the model predicts noticeably smaller rotation rates than those observed in DNS, a behaviour that can be understood based on the probability of vorticity orientation with the most contracting strain-rate eigendirection in the model.
A decoupled 2-DOF flexure-based micropositioning stage with large travel ranges
Authors: Sun Xiantao , Chen Weihai , Zhou Rui , Chen Wenjie , Zhang Jianbin 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYIn this paper, a new flexure-based micropositioning stage (FMPS) is proposed to achieve decoupled XY translational motions and large travel ranges. The stage consists of four independent kinematic chains, each comprising two flexure-beam prismatic joints. The mechanism with such a special topological structure enables the motions of the platform strictly along XY axes and minimizes the parasitic rotation in theta axis. The kinematics and dynamics analysis of the mechanism are conducted to evaluate the performance of the mechanism in terms of travel range, parasitic motions, linearity, as well as natural frequency. According to the developed models, a parameter optimization of the mechanism is performed under the condition of the maximum travel range. The finite element simulation is carried out to examine the mechanical performance and the theoretical models. The experimental results show that the proposed FMPS possesses a workspace of 600 × 600 μm2, a relative coupling error of 0.6%, and the natural frequencies of 209.7 Hz and 212.4 Hz for the first two modes.
A synaptic signature for ON- and OFF-center parasol ganglion cells of the primate retina
Authors: CROOK JOANNA D. , PACKER ORIN S. , DACEY DENNIS M. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn the primate retina, parasol ganglion cells contribute to the primary visual pathwayviathe magnocellular division of the lateral geniculate nucleus, display ON and OFF concentric receptive field structure, nonlinear spatial summation, and high achromatic temporal–contrast sensitivity. Parasol cells may be homologous to the alpha-Y cells of nonprimate mammals where evidence suggests that N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated synaptic excitation as well as glycinergic disinhibition play critical roles in contrast sensitivity, acting asymmetrically in OFF- but not ON-pathways. Here, light-evoked synaptic currents were recorded in the macaque monkey retinain vitroto examine the circuitry underlying parasol cell receptive field properties. Synaptic excitation in both ON and OFF types was mediated by NMDA as well as α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)/kainate glutamate receptors. The NMDA-mediated current–voltage relationship suggested high Mg2+affinity such that at physiological potentials, NMDA receptors contributed ∼20% of the total excitatory conductance evoked by moderate stimulus contrasts and temporal frequencies. Postsynaptic inhibition in both ON and OFF cells was dominated by a large glycinergic “crossover” conductance, with a relatively small contribution from GABAergic feedforward inhibition. However, crossover inhibition was largely rectified, greatly diminished at low stimulus contrasts, and did not contribute,viadisinhibition, to contrast sensitivity. In addition, attenuation of GABAergic and glycinergic synaptic inhibition left center–surround and Y-type receptive field structure and high temporal sensitivity fundamentally intact and clearly derived from modulation of excitatory bipolar cell output. Thus, the characteristic spatial and temporal–contrast sensitivity of the primate parasol cell arises presynaptically and is governed primarily by modulation of the large AMPA/kainate receptor-mediated excitatory conductance. Moreover, the negative feedback responsible for the receptive field surround must derive from a nonGABAergic mechanism.
HIV and ageing: what the geriatrician needs to know
Authors: Levett T , Wright J , Fisher M 
Published: November 2013

SummaryThe transformation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from a rapidly fatal disease to a chronic manageable illness has resulted in annual increases in the numbers of people living with HIV. The HIV cohort is therefore ageing, with numbers of older adults with HIV climbing, through both prolonged survival and late acquisition of the disease. Associated with ageing is an accumulation of HIV-associated non-AIDS related co-morbidities, creating a complex patient group affected by multi-morbidity along with polypharmacy, functional decline and complex social issues. With this in mind, this review seeks to explore areas where HIV (diagnosed or undetected) may impact on the work of clinical geriatricians.
The feasibility of implementing food-based dietary guidelines in the South African primary-school curriculum
Authors: Nguyen Kim A , de Villiers Anniza , Fourie Jean M , Bourne Lesley T , Hendricks Michael K 
Published: November 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the perceptions of educators from the Western Cape Province about the feasibility of implementing South African food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG) in the national curriculum of primary schools.DesignCombined quantitative and qualitative methods. We report on the quantitative component.SettingTwelve public primary schools of different socio-economic status in three education districts of the Western Cape: Metro Central, Metro East and Cape Winelands.SubjectsEducators (n256) participated in the self-completed questionnaire survey.ResultsEducators assessed that FBDG were appropriate to South African schoolchildren (94%), could be used as an education tool (97%) and fill gaps in the current curriculum about healthy dietary habits (91%). Besides Life Orientation, FBDG could be taught in other learning areas from grades 3 to 7 (9–13 years old). Important barriers to implementing FBDG in the curriculum were educators’ workload (61%), insufficient time (46%), learners’ disadvantaged background (43%) and educators’ lack of knowledge (33%). Other approaches to teach children about FBDG included linking these to the National School Nutrition Programme (82%), school tuck shops (79%), parent meetings (75%), school nutrition policy (73%) and school assembly (57%). Educators in high-income schools perceived that learners’ lifestyle was significantly worse (P< 0·001) and that tuck shops and the school assembly were the best means to teach pupils about FBDG (P< 0·001 andP< 0·05).ConclusionsImplementing FBDG in the national school curriculum is seen as important together with optimizing the school physical environment. Key factors required for successful implementation in the curriculum are sufficient educational materials, adequate time allocation and appropriate educator training.
AAC & Dysarthria
Authors: Hanson Elizabeth K. 
Published: November 2013

The purpose of this article is to provide speech-language pathologists with a systematic decision-making process to guide evaluation and implementation of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems and strategies for persons with dysarthric speech. Three cases are described, which are combined profiles of different clients with similar etiologies and communication challenges.
Clinicians are guided to consider whether the underlying condition is temporary or permanent and the prognosis for improved speech. Prognoses may be chronic and stable, improving, or there may be an expectation of deterioration of speech and overall health. Clinicians are guided to consider the communicator's attitude and motivation and to identify communication partners and their motivation to achieve better communication. The contributions of various speech intelligibility and effectiveness measures are considered, as well as the specific need to evaluate language, literacy, and symbolic understanding.
The decision process leads to high-tech and low-tech AAC strategies for each case.
Human resistin, a proinflammatory cytokine, shows chaperone-like activity
Authors: Suragani Madhuri , Aadinarayana Varma D. , Pinjari Aleem Basha , Tanneeru Karunakar , Guruprasad Lalitha , Banerjee Sharmistha , Pandey Saurabh , Chaudhuri Tapan K. , Ehtesham Nasreen Zafar 
Published: November 2013

Significance
This is a study of human resistin acting as a molecular chaperone. We show that human resistin, a proinflammatory cytokine secreted by human macrophages, is retained inside the cell during endoplasmic reticulum stress and functions like a chaperone to rescue the cell from apoptosis. The study implicates human resistin as a possible molecular link between cellular stress and inflammation during pathological conditions such as infections.
Cytokine Spätzle binds to the
Drosophila
immunoreceptor Toll with a neurotrophin-like specificity and couples receptor activation
Authors: Lewis Miranda , Arnot Christopher J. , Beeston Helen , McCoy Airlie , Ashcroft Alison E. , Gay Nicholas J. , Gangloff Monique 
Published: November 2013

Significance
The ability of multicellular organisms to detect and respond to infection by microorganisms is fundamental and has ancient evolutionary origins. In mammals, immune system cells recognize danger molecules directly using “pattern recognition” receptors belonging to the Toll family among others. In insects, by contrast, Gram-positive bacteria and fungi can also be detected indirectly by an endogenous molecule, Spätzle (Spz), that activates related Toll receptors, leading to an effective immune response. In this study, we report the molecular structure of Spz/Toll complex, which reveals that Spz’s mode of action is similar to neurotrophins, a family of proteins involved in the development and homeostasis of the insect and vertebrate nervous systems.
Prostate cancer originating in basal cells progresses to adenocarcinoma propagated by luminal-like cells
Authors: Stoyanova Tanya , Cooper Aaron R. , Drake Justin M. , Liu Xian , Armstrong Andrew J. , Pienta Kenneth J. , Zhang Hong , Kohn Donald B. , Huang Jiaoti , Witte Owen N. , Goldstein Andrew S. 
Published: November 2013

Significance
This study determined that two histological phenotypes of cancer can arise from a common target cell. Whereas luminal cells are not efficient cells of origin, luminal-like tumor cells isolated from human prostate adenocarcinoma can serially propagate advanced disease.
Sleep spindles are generated in the absence of T-type calcium channel-mediated low-threshold burst firing of thalamocortical neurons
Authors: Lee Jungryun , Song Kiyeong , Lee Kyoobin , Hong Joohyeon , Lee Hyojung , Chae Sangmi , Cheong Eunji , Shin Hee-Sup 
Published: November 2013

Significance
This study addresses one of the most fundamental issues in sleep rhythm generation. The theory that low-threshold burst firing mediated by T-type calcium channels in thalamocortical neurons is the key component for sleep spindles, has been accepted as dogma and appears throughout the literature. In this study, however, in vivo and in vitro evidence shows that sleep spindles are generated normally in the absence of T-type channels and burst firing in thalamocortical neurons. Furthermore, our data indicate a potentially important role of tonic firing in this rhythm generation. This study advances the knowledge of sleep and vigilance control to another level of understanding.
Unmasking the roles of N- and C-terminal flanking sequences from exon 1 of huntingtin as modulators of polyglutamine aggregation
Authors: Crick Scott L. , Ruff Kiersten M. , Garai Kanchan , Frieden Carl , Pappu Rohit V. 
Published: November 2013

Significance
How do N- and C-terminal flanking sequences from exon 1 of the huntingtin protein modulate the mechanisms of polyglutamine aggregation? We answer this question using approaches that combine distinct probes of aggregation mechanisms with measurements of solubility and aggregate morphologies. The N- and C-terminal flanking sequence modules from exon 1 of huntingtin act as gatekeepers, whereby the N-terminal flanking sequence accelerates fibril formation while destabilizing nonfibrillar species, whereas the C-terminal flanking sequence reduces the overall driving force for aggregation. These results provide a mechanistic underpinning for observations regarding naturally occurring sequence contexts as modulators of polyglutamine toxicity.
chroGPS, a global chromatin positioning system for the functional analysis and visualization of the epigenome
Authors: Font-Burgada Joan , Reina Oscar , Rossell David , Azorín Fernando 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Development of tools to jointly visualize the genome and the epigenome remains a challenge. chroGPS is a computational approach that addresses this question. chroGPS uses multidimensional scaling techniques to represent similarity between epigenetic factors, or between genetic elements on the basis of their epigenetic state, in 2D/3D reference maps. We emphasize biological interpretability, statistical robustness, integration of genetic and epigenetic data from heterogeneous sources, and computational feasibility. Although chroGPS is a general methodology to create reference maps and study the epigenetic state of any class of genetic element or genomic region, we focus on two specific kinds of maps: chroGPSfactors, which visualizes functional similarities between epigenetic factors, and chroGPSgenes, which describes the epigenetic state of genes and integrates gene expression and other functional data. We use data from the modENCODE project on the genomic distribution of a large collection of epigenetic factors in Drosophila, a model system extensively used to study genome organization and function. Our results show that the maps allow straightforward visualization of relationships between factors and elements, capturing relevant information about their functional properties that helps to interpret epigenetic information in a functional context and derive testable hypotheses.
Structural and functional analysis of the three MIF4G domains of nonsense-mediated decay factor UPF2
Authors: Clerici Marcello , Deniaud Aurélien , Boehm Volker , Gehring Niels H. , Schaffitzel Christiane , Cusack Stephen 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) is a eukaryotic quality control pathway, involving conserved proteins UPF1, UPF2 and UPF3b, which detects and degrades mRNAs with premature stop codons. Human UPF2 comprises three tandem MIF4G domains and a C-terminal UPF1 binding region. MIF4G-3 binds UPF3b, but the specific functions of MIF4G-1 and MIF4G-2 are unknown. Crystal structures show that both MIF4G-1 and MIF4G-2 contain N-terminal capping helices essential for stabilization of the 10-helix MIF4G core and that MIF4G-2 interacts with MIF4G-3, forming a rigid assembly. The UPF2/UPF3b/SMG1 complex is thought to activate the kinase SMG1 to phosphorylate UPF1 in vivo. We identify MIF4G-3 as the binding site and in vitro substrate of SMG1 kinase and show that a ternary UPF2 MIF4G-3/UPF3b/SMG1 complex can form in vitro. Whereas in vivo complementation assays show that MIF4G-1 and MIF4G-2 are essential for NMD, tethering assays reveal that UPF2 truncated to only MIF4G-3 and the UPF1-binding region can still partially accomplish NMD. Thus UPF2 MIF4G-1 and MIF4G-2 appear to have a crucial scaffolding role, while MIF4G-3 is the key module required for triggering NMD.