bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alternative therapies, 1990: An overview
Authors: Mcginnis Lamar S. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe availability of alternative therapies for many health problems is a well‐documented historical fact. Alternative therapies are generally understood to be those therapies outside of the usually accepted medical therapies for disease processes, such as cancer, arthritis, diabetes, psoriasis, lupus, and AIDS. Some other descriptive terms utilized include questionable, unproven, dubious, unorthodox, and unconventional. These alternative therapies vary from active involvement in promotion of one's own health (exercise, diet) to quackery. In today's society, with emphasis on self‐involvement with individual health, metabolic therapies have become the most widely practiced alternative therapy. In an antiestablishment, anti‐intellectual climate, with an increasingly mobile, rootless population, alternative therapies are in somewhat of a renaissance. Some confusion exists regarding clinical trials and alternative therapies in the general population and in the noninvolved health profession. Various studies indicate that from 10% to 50% of cancer patients use some alternative therapy, with national expenditures ranging as high as $10 billion annually. Better‐educated patients with higher‐than‐average income are more likely to choose alternative therapies and are frequently supported by a physician in this choice. Most cancer patients continue under a physician's care and continue usual therapy while pursuing alternative methods. Approximately 5% of cancer patients abandon appropriate therapy and pursue potentially harmful alternative methods. A variety of sociomedical questions are brought forth by studies of the use of alternative therapies. A great need for public and professional education regarding this subject is evident.
Quality of diagnostic staging in patients with bladder cancer: A process‐outcomes link
Authors: Chamie Karim , Ballon‐Landa Eric , Bassett Jeffrey C. , Daskivich Timothy J. , Leventhal Meryl , Deapen Dennis , Litwin Mark S. 
Published: October 2014

BACKGROUNDMuscle sampling is often used as a surrogate for staging quality in patients with bladder cancer. The association of staging quality at diagnosis and survival was examined among patients with bladder cancer.METHODSThe clinical records of all individuals within the Los Angeles Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry with an incident diagnosis of non–muscle‐invasive bladder cancer in 2004‐2005 were reviewed. Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, staging quality (presence of muscle in the specimen and mention of muscle in the pathology report), and vital status were recorded. With mixed‐effects and competing‐risks regression analyses, the association of patient and tumor characteristics with staging quality and cancer‐specific survival was quantified.RESULTSThe sample included 1865 patients, 335 urologists, and 27 pathologists. Muscle was reported to be present in 972 (52.1%), was reported to be absent in 564 (30.2%), and was not mentioned in 329 (17.7%) of the initial pathology reports. The presence of muscle did not differ according to the grade or depth of invasion. Mortality was associated with staging quality (P < .05). Among patients with high‐grade disease, the 5‐year cancer‐specific mortality rates were 7.6%, 12.1%, and 18.8% when muscle was present, absent, and not mentioned, respectively.CONCLUSIONSThe omission of muscle in the specimen or its mention in the pathology report in nearly half of all diagnostic resections was associated with increased mortality, particularly in patients with high‐grade disease. Because urologists cannot reliably discern between high‐ and low‐grade or Ta and T1 disease, it is contended that patients with bladder cancer should undergo adequate muscle sampling at the time of endoscopic resection. Cancer 2015;121:379–385. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Controlling Porosity in Lignin‐Derived Nanoporous Carbon for Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Jeon Ju‐Won , Zhang Libing , Lutkenhaus Jodie L. , Laskar Dhrubojyoti D. , Lemmon John P. , Choi Daiwon , Nandasiri Manjula I. , Hashmi Ali , Xu Jie , Motkuri Radha K. , Fernandez Carlos A. , Liu Jian , Tucker Melvin P. , McGrail Peter B. , Yang Bin , Nune Satish K. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractLow‐cost renewable lignin has been used as a precursor to produce porous carbons. However, to date, it has not been easy to obtain high surface area porous carbon without activation processes or templating agents. Here, we demonstrate that low molecular weight lignin yields highly porous carbon with more graphitization through direct carbonization without additional activation processes or templating agents. We found that molecular weight and oxygen consumption during carbonization are critical factors to obtain high surface area, graphitized porous carbons. This highly porous carbon from low‐cost renewable lignin sources is a good candidate for supercapacitor electrode materials.
Molecular Basis for the High CO2 Adsorption Capacity of Chabazite Zeolites
Authors: Pham Trong D. , Hudson Matthew R. , Brown Craig M. , Lobo Raul F. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractInvited for this month′s cover is the group of Raul F. Lobo at the University of Delaware. The image shows the migration of CO2 molecules from the earth′s atmosphere into the interior of a chabazite zeolite structure, as described in their article. The Full Paper itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.201402555.
An integrated modeling approach to estimating Gunnison sage‐grouse population dynamics: combining index and demographic data
Authors: Davis Amy J. , Hooten Mevin B. , Phillips Michael L. , Doherty Paul F. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractEvaluation of population dynamics for rare and declining species is often limited to data that are sparse and/or of poor quality. Frequently, the best data available for rare bird species are based on large‐scale, population count data. These data are commonly based on sampling methods that lack consistent sampling effort, do not account for detectability, and are complicated by observer bias. For some species, short‐term studies of demographic rates have been conducted as well, but the data from such studies are typically analyzed separately. To utilize the strengths and minimize the weaknesses of these two data types, we developed a novel Bayesian integrated model that links population count data and population demographic data through population growth rate (λ) for Gunnison sage‐grouse (Centrocercus minimus). The long‐term population index data available for Gunnison sage‐grouse are annual (years 1953–2012) male lek counts. An intensive demographic study was also conducted from years 2005 to 2010. We were able to reduce the variability in expected population growth rates across time, while correcting for potential small sample size bias in the demographic data. We found the population of Gunnison sage‐grouse to be variable and slightly declining over the past 16 years.
Predistortion nonlinear compensator for microwave SSB‐AM system
Authors: Nojima Toshio , Okamoto Yoshiharu , Ohyama Satoshi 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe authors previously proposed a complex power‐series representation for input‐output nonlinearities and, on the basis of analysis of a predistortion (PD) compensation algorithm using this representation, developed a complex synthesizing PD algorithm which can compensate simultaneously for phase and amplitude nonlinearities in the TWT amplifier [1]. The algorithm is applied in this paper to compensating the nonlinearity of a TWTA operating in a high‐capacity SSB‐AM microwave system and describes the realization of a nonlinear distortion compensator which gives excellent distortion reduction with high stability. First the PD circuit required to achieve the prescribed distortion reduction and the nonlinear characteristics and degradation factors of the TWTA are analyzed and the design method for the complex synthesizing PD circuit is clarified. Second, in order to achieve easy adjustment and long‐term stability in the counterbalancing compensation, an automatic self‐adjusting stabilization method using microprocessors is proposed. Application of the self‐adjusting system to this circuit has achieved a long‐term stable reduction of more than 30 dB per 30 MHz in the nonlinear distortion noise of TWTA. This reduction is sufficient to develop a practical radio relay system.
The performance of the dipole array applicator for radiofrequency hyperthermia
Authors: Terada Noriyoshi , Amemiya Yoshifumi 
Published: October 2014

AbstractHyperthermia is presently drawing attention in the field of cancer therapy. This paper describes the results of a heating experiment at 40 MHz using the dipole array applicator proposed by the authors as a means to realize deep heating in the human body. As the first step, numerical calculations are made of the electric field distribution in the object phantom (simulating human body), indicating that the electric field and consequently the heat generation is almost uniform in the phantom. Then a phantom is constructed in which the circulation of a saline solution can be varied depending on the location, and the heating experiment was performed. When the saline solution is not circulated, the temperature rise is almost uniform within the phantom, as is expected from the calculation of electric field distribution. When the saline solution is circulated, the temperature rise is high in the area of smaller circulation, which simulates the cancer. As an example, for 30‐minute heating by 1.6 kW, the temperature‐rise is 5°C.
CCD image sensors fabricated on Epi‐wafers
Authors: Hiroshima Yoshimitsu , Matsumoto Shigenori , Kuriyama Toshihiro , Kuroda Takao 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe performance of CCD image sensors is strongly influenced by the crystal quality of the silicon wafer because it is an analog VLSI device which measures optical signals. In order to examine the relation between the imaging characteristics of the sensors and the crystal qualities of silicon wafers, the sensors were fabricated by the same process on three kinds of wafers (i.e., CZ, FZ and epitaxial wafers). It is found that image striation is attributable to resistivity inhomogeneity in the wafer, the white blemish to crystal defects in the surface depletion layer, the smear to effective thickness of the photoelectric conversion layer and the black swirl to inhomogeneous distribution of recombination centers in the material. These difficulties are solved by the use of epitaxial wafers in which the photocarrier lifetime can be controlled. The fixed‐pattern noise is suppressed to an S/N ratio greater than 60 dB and the smeared signal as low as 0.4%. The influence of the substrate on the crystal quality of the epitaxial layer is also discussed.
An isolation system for limited seismic gaps in near‐fault zones
Authors: Ismail Mohammed 
Published: October 2014

SummaryThe ability of a recently proposed seismic isolation system, with inherent self‐stopping mechanism, to mitigate or even eliminate seismic pounding of adjacent structures is investigated under severe near‐fault earthquakes. The isolation system is referred to as roll‐in‐cage (RNC) isolator. It is a rolling‐based isolator that provides in one unit the necessary functions of vertical rigid support, horizontal flexibility with enhanced stability, hysteretic energy dissipation, and resistance to minor vibration loads. In addition, the RNC isolator is distinguished by a self‐stopping (buffer) mechanism to limit the bearing displacement under excitations stronger than a design earthquake or at limited seismic gaps, and a linear gravity‐based self‐recentering mechanism to prevent permanent bearing displacement without causing vertical fluctuation of the isolated structure. A previously developed multifeature SAP2000 model of the RNC isolator is improved in this paper to account for the inherent buffer mechanism's damping. Then, the effectiveness of the isolator's buffer mechanism in limiting peak bearing displacements is studied together with its possibly arising negative influence on the isolation efficiency. After that, the study investigates how to alleviate or even eliminate those possibly arising drawbacks, due to the developed RNC isolator's inner pounding as a result of its buffer activation, to achieve efficient seismic isolation with no direct structure‐to‐structure pounding, considering limited seismic gaps with adjacent structures and near‐fault earthquakes. The results show that the RNC isolator could be an efficient solution for aseismic design in near‐fault zones considering limited seismic gaps. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Record selection for aftershock incremental dynamic analysis
Authors: Goda Katsuichiro 
Published: October 2014

SummaryThe back‐to‐back application of mainshock records as aftershock is often considered in conducting aftershock incremental dynamic analysis. In such an approach, the characteristics of mainshock records are considered to be similar to those of major aftershock records within the same mainshock–aftershock sequences. The underlying assumption is that the characteristics of selected mainshocks, other than those used for record selection, are not significant in the assessment of structural responses. A case study is set up to investigate the effects of aftershock record selection on the collapse vulnerability assessment. The numerical results for a specific wood‐frame structure indicate that the aftershock fragility can be affected by the aftershock record characteristics, particularly response spectral shape. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Miniature Direct Electron Transfer Based Enzymatic Fuel Cell Operating in Human Sweat and Saliva
Authors: Falk M. , Pankratov D. , Lindh L. , Arnebrant T. , Shleev S. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe present data on operation of a miniature membrane‐less, direct electron transfer based enzymatic fuel cell in human sweat and saliva. The enzymatic fuel cell was fabricated following our previous reports on miniature biofuel cells, utilizing gold nanoparticle modified gold microwires with immobilized cellobiose dehydrogenase and bilirubin oxidase. The following average characteristics of miniature glucose/oxygen biodevices operating in human sweat and saliva, respectively, were registered: 580 and 560 mV open‐circuit voltage, 0.26 and 0.1 μW cm–2 power density at a cell voltage of 0.5 V, with up to ten times higher power output at 0.2 V. When saliva collected after meal ingestion was used, roughly a two‐fold increase in power output was obtained, with a further two‐fold increase by addition of 500 μM glucose. Likewise, the power generated in sweat at 0.5 V increased two‐fold by addition of 500 μM glucose.
The Namaste Care programme can reduce behavioural symptoms in care home residents with advanced dementia
Authors: Stacpoole Miranda , Hockley Jo , Thompsell Amanda , Simard Joyce , Volicer Ladislav 
Published: October 2014

ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of the Namaste Care programme on the behavioural symptoms of residents with advanced dementia in care homes and their pain management.MethodsSix dementia care homes collaborated in an action research study—one withdrew. Inclusion criteria were a dementia diagnosis and a Bedford Alzheimer's Nursing Severity Scale score of >16. Primary research measures were the Neuropsychiatric Inventory—Nursing Homes (NPI‐NH) and Doloplus‐2 behavioural pain assessment scale for the elderly. Measures were recorded at baseline and at three 1–2 monthly intervals after Namaste Care started.ResultsManagement disruption occurred across all care homes. The severity of behavioural symptoms, pain and occupational disruptiveness (NPI‐NH) decreased in four care homes. Increased severity of behavioural symptoms in one care home was probably related to poor pain management, reflected in increased pain scores, and disrupted leadership. Comparison of NPI‐NH scores showed that severity of behavioural symptoms and occupational disruptiveness were significantly lower after initiation of Namaste Care (n = 34, p < 0.001) and after the second interval (n = 32, p < 0.001 and p = 0.003). However, comparison of these measures in the second and third intervals revealed that both were slightly increased in the third interval (n = 24, p < 0.001 and p = 0.001).ConclusionsWhere there are strong leadership, adequate staffing, and good nursing and medical care, the Namaste Care programme can improve quality of life for people with advanced dementia in care homes by decreasing behavioural symptoms. Namaste is not a substitute for good clinical care Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
LIM mineralization protein‐1 suppresses TNF‐α induced intervertebral disc degeneration by maintaining nucleus pulposus extracellular matrix production and inhibiting matrix metalloproteinases expression
Authors: Liu Hui , Pan Hehai , Yang Hao , Wang Jianru , Zhang Kuibo , Li Xiang , Wang Hua , Ding Wenbin , Li Bingxue , Zheng Zhaomin 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTImbalanced metabolism of Nucleus pulposus (NP) extracellular matrix (ECM) is closely correlated to Intervertebral Disc Degenerative Disease. LIM mineralization protein‐1 (LMP‐1) has been proven to induce sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) production in NP and have an anti‐inflammatory effect in pre‐osteoclast. However, whether it has any effect on the NP ECM production and degradation under inflammatory stimulation has not been studied. In the current study, a TNF‐α induced cell model was established in vitro. Lentivirus encoding LMP‐1 (LV‐LMP‐1) and short heparin LMP‐1 (LV‐shLMP‐1) were constructed to overexpress and knockdown LMP‐1 expression in NP cells. LMP‐1 mRNA level was regulated in a dose‐dependent manner after transfection. LV‐LMP‐1 increased whereas LV‐shLMP‐1 decreased collagen II, aggrecan, versican expression, and sGAG production. LV‐LMP‐1 abolished while LV‐shLMP‐1 aggravated TNF‐α mediated down‐regulation of the above matrix genes via ERK1/2 activation. Moreover, LV‐LMP‐1 abrogated TNF‐α induced MMP‐3 and MMP‐13 expression via inhibiting p65 translocation and MMP‐3 and MMP‐13 promoter activity. These results indicated that LMP‐1 had an ECM production maintenance effect under inflammatory stimulation. This effect was via up‐regulation of matrix genes expression at least partially through ERK1/2 activation, and down‐regulation of MMPs expression through NF‐κB inhibition. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:???–???, 2015.
An unbiased computational contact formulation for 3D friction
Authors: Sauer Roger A. , De Lorenzis Laura 
Published: October 2014

SUMMARYA new computational contact formulation is presented and analyzed for large deformation frictional contact. The new formulation uses an unbiased treatment of the two neighboring contact surfaces considering the two‐half‐pass contact algorithm, originally derived for frictionless contact. The presented work thus introduces several novelties to unbiased friction algorithms. The new algorithm does not enforce traction continuity at the contact interface explicitly but rather satisfies it intrinsically to high accuracy, as is shown. A new 3D friction formulation is also proposed, which is a direct extension of the 1D setup, expressing the friction variables in the parameter space used for the curvilinear surface description. The new formulation resorts to classical expressions in the continuum limit. The current approach usesC1‐smooth contact surface representations based on either Hermite or non‐uniform rational B‐spline interpolation. A penalty regularization is considered for the impenetrability and tangential sticking constraints. The new, unbiased friction formulation is illustrated by several 2D and 3D examples, which include an extensive analysis of the model parameters, a convergence study, and the comparison with a classical biased master/slave contact algorithm. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reversible Mechanical Switching of Magnetic Interactions in a Molecular Shuttle
Authors: Bleve Valentina , Schäfer Christian , Franchi Paola , Silvi Serena , Mezzina Elisabetta , Credi Alberto , Lucarini Marco 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAn acid–base switchable molecular shuttle based on a [2]rotaxane, incorporating stable radical units in both the ring and dumbbell components, is reported. The [2]rotaxane comprises a dibenzo[24]crown‐8 ring (DB24C8) interlocked with a dumbbell component that possesses a dialkylammonium (NH2+) and a 4,4′‐bipyridinium (BPY2+) recognition site. Deprotonation of the rotaxane NH2+ centers effects a quantitative displacement of the DB24C8 macroring to the BPY2+ recognition site, a process that can be reversed by acid treatment. Interaction between stable 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl (TEMPO) radicals connected to the ring and dumbbell components could be switched between noncoupled (three‐line electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrum) and coupled (five‐line EPR spectrum) upon displacement of the spin‐labelled DB24C8 macroring. The complete base‐ and acid‐induced switching cycle of the EPR pattern was repeated six times without an appreciable loss of signal, highlighting the reversibility of the process. Hence, this molecular machine is capable of switching on/off magnetic interactions by chemically driven reversible mechanical effects. A system of this kind represents an initial step towards a new generation of nanoscale magnetic switches that may be of interest for a variety of applications.
Ovarian cancer and antidepressants
Authors: Wu Chi‐Shin , Lu Mong‐Liang , Liao Yin‐To , Lee Charles Tzu‐Chi , Chen Vincent Chin‐Hung 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe association between antidepressant use and ovarian cancer remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the ovarian cancer risk with antidepressant use in the general population.MethodsTaiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database was used to identify 957 patients with ovarian cancer and 9570 controls. We used a conditional logistic regression model for data analysis, excluding a 1‐year latent period before the diagnosis of ovarian cancer to account for the quantification of treatment duration.ResultsWe found no increased risk of developing ovarian cancer among antidepressant users. Neither the duration of antidepressant use nor the average dose had a significant effect on the risk of ovarian cancer. In addition, timing of antidepressant use was not linked to ovarian cancer risk. However, we found the estimate of ovarian cancer risk increased slightly among subjects under 50 years (adjusted OR = 2.03, 95% CI [0.82, 5.02]), although this association was still statistically insignificant (p = 0.12).ConclusionsThere was no association between risk of ovarian cancer and use of antidepressant drugs. Whether or not there is possible risk of using antidepressant whose mechanism of action involves dopamine and norepinephrine warrants further investigation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.