bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Building an Ontology for Identity Resolution in Healthcare and Public Health
Authors: Duncan Jeffrey , Eilbeck Karen , Narus Scott P , Clyde Stephen , Thornton Sidney , Staes Catherine 
Published: July 2015

Integration of disparate information from electronic health records, clinical data warehouses, birth certificate registries and other public health information systems offers great potential for clinical care, public health practice, and research. Such integration, however, depends on correctly matching patient-specific records using demographic identifiers. Without standards for these identifiers, record linkage is complicated by issues of structural and semantic heterogeneity.Objectives: Our objectives were to develop and validate an ontology to: 1) identify components of identity and events subsequent to birth that result in creation, change, or sharing of identity information; 2) develop an ontology to facilitate data integration from multiple healthcare and public health sources; and 3) validate the ontology’s ability to model identity-changing events over time.Methods: We interviewed domain experts in area hospitals and public health programs and developed process models describing the creation and transmission of identity information among various organizations for activities subsequent to a birth event. We searched for existing relevant ontologies. We validated the content of our ontology with simulated identity information conforming to scenarios identified in our process models.Results: We chose the Simple Event Model (SEM) to describe events in early childhood and integrated the Clinical Element Model (CEM) for demographic information. We demonstrated the ability of the combined SEM-CEM ontology to model identity events over time.Conclusion: The use of an ontology can overcome issues of semantic and syntactic heterogeneity to facilitate record linkage.
Virtual communities of practice: can they support the prevention agenda in public health?
Authors: Ford Jennifer Rose , Korjonen Helena , Keswani Asha , Hughes Emma 
Published: July 2015

Background: Virtual Communities of Practice (CoPs) are flexible communication and knowledge management tools enabling collaboration, sharing of best practice and professional development. There have been few studies that have looked at the use and usefulness of virtual CoPs in public health.Methods: This project sought to gather the evidence and develop recommendations for the value of virtual CoPs in public health through a literature review, and through piloting two CoPs in obesity. The research aimed to answer how useful CoPs are in obesity prevention, what makes a CoP successful and what evaluation methods are appropriate.Results: CoPs are composed of observers, passive and active contributors with a small group of ‘super-users’. All users learn through reading and listening, even if they do not post. The CoPs had higher levels of reading activity as opposed to low levels of posting activity. Longer existence of CoPs usually means more active membership. There are complex reasons why users fail to engage in knowledge sharing. Success of a CoP is creating an online environment where users feel comfortable. CoPs need administrative support and facilitation. Champions play a vital role.Conclusions: Evidence shows some encouraging results about the value of CoPs in enabling collaboration and information sharing. Despite low membership numbers of the obesity CoPs piloted, members see value and suggest improvements. Findings suggest that success comes from leadership, champions, and larger networks with more posting activity. Mixed methods of quantitative and qualitative research are appropriate in measuring the use and impact of, CoPs.Keywords: Communities of practice, public health, obesity, online networks, knowledge translationAbbreviations: Public Health England (PHE), Community of Practice (CoP), UK Health Forum (UKHF), Obesity Learning Centre (OLC), NCMP – National Child Measurement Programme
Stranded in Arabic:
Authors: Kesrouany Maya Issam 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This article explores Buṭrus al-Bustānī's translation of Daniel Defoe's inaugural novel, Robinson Crusoe (1719), into Arabic in 1861. The translation was published in Beirut as Al-tuḥfah al-Bustānīyah fī al-Asfār al-Krusoeiyah, which translates as The Bustānīan Masterpiece Concerning Crusoeian Travels. Comparing the translation closely to the original, the article studies this early Arabic adaptation of the genre of the novel and points to the translation's preoccupation with domesticating the alien form of the novel and with authoring a new sense of nation, one that completely rewrites that of the original. The article concludes on the important role of translation in the adoption of the novel in Arabic, a genre that is inextricably related to the production of local and global nationalisms.
The Ends Of an Empire:
Authors: Ziolkowski Saskia Elizabeth 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Italian Triestine literature tends to be seen as somewhat foreign to the Italian literary tradition and linguistically outside of Austrian (or Austro-Hungarian) literature. Instead of leaving it as “neither nor,” viewing it as “both and” can help shape the critical view of the Italian literary landscape, as well as add to the picture of Austro-Hungarian literature. Joseph Roth's Radetzkymarsch (Radetzky March) and Pier Antonio Quarantotti Gambini's novel Il cavallo Tripoli (The Horse Tripoli) depict the experience of loss brought on by the fall of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in similar ways, although they do so from different linguistic and national sides. However, the writings of the Italian author are generally categorized as representing a pro-Italian perspective and those of the Austrian as pro-Austro-Hungarian. This article argues that their novels provide a more nuanced portrayal of the world and identities than just their nationalities or political views do. Because of assumptions about the authors, the complexity of the novels' representations of layered linguistic and cultural interactions have often been missed, especially those of Il cavallo Tripoli. This comparison provides a case of how engaging Austro-Hungarian work can benefit the critical understanding of Italian literature.
Intellectuals as Sacrificial Heroes:
Authors: Talajooy Saeed 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
A study of Bahram Beyzaie and Wole Soyinka's works reveals how in two disparate cultural settings, traditional structures and themes appear in modern forms to renegotiate people's cultural identity. Both writers demythologize the ancient and modern superstitious beliefs that haunt their peoples, depict the fallacy of hybrid obsessions that distort everyday life in their countries, and mythologize the positive aspects of history to redefine cultural identity with the best their cultures offer. One aspect of this process is their depiction of creative intellectuals as sacrificial heroes. The form reveals their concern with the question of leadership and citizenship, the victimization of the educated people, and the resulting brain drain in their countries. In the paper that follows, I will compare Beyzaie and Soyinka's depictions of intellectuals as sacrificial heroes. I will first study the dramatic origins of their forms and their approach to tragedy, myth, history, and sacrificial heroism, and explore the sociopolitical and personal reasons for the development of their forms. My intention is to discover how these forms evolved and why they reflect similar paradigms. I will then compare Beyzaie's Parchment of Master Sharzin with Soyinka's Madmen and Specialists to provide textual examples of these similarities and differences.
Community Delivery of a Comprehensive Fall-Prevention Program in People with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Hugos Cinda L. , Frankel Debra , Tompkins Sara A. , Cameron Michelle 
Published: July 2015

Background: People with multiple sclerosis (MS) fall frequently. In 2011, the National Multiple Sclerosis Society launched a multifactorial fall-prevention group exercise and education program, Free From Falls (FFF), to prevent falls in MS. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of participation in the FFF program on balance, mobility, and falls in people with MS.
Methods: This was a retrospective evaluation of assessments from community delivery of FFF. Changes in Activities-specific Balance Confidence scale scores, Berg Balance Scale scores, 8-foot Timed Up and Go performance, and falls were assessed.
Results: A total of 134 participants completed the measures at the first and last FFF sessions, and 109 completed a 6-month follow-up assessment. Group mean scores on the Activities-specific Balance Confidence scale (F1,66 = 17.14, P &lt; .05, η2 = 0.21), Berg Balance Scale (F1,68 = 23.39, P &lt; .05, η2 = 0.26), and 8-foot Timed Up and Go (F1,79 = 4.83, P &lt; .05, η2 = 0.06) all improved significantly from the first to the last session. At the 6-month follow-up, fewer falls were reported (χ2 [4, N = 239] = 10.56, P &lt; .05, Phi = 0.21).
Conclusions: These observational data suggest that the FFF group education and exercise program improves balance confidence, balance performance, and functional mobility and reduces falls in people with MS.
Effects of Single Bouts of Walking Exercise and Yoga on Acute Mood Symptoms in People with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Ensari Ipek , Sandroff Brian M. , Motl Robert W. 
Published: July 2015

Background: Little is known about the acute or immediate effects of walking exercise and yoga on mood in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Such an examination is important for identifying an exercise modality for inclusion in exercise-training interventions that yields mood benefits in MS. We examined the effects of single bouts of treadmill walking and yoga compared with a quiet, seated-rest control condition on acute mood symptoms in MS.Methods: Twenty-four participants with MS completed 20 minutes of treadmill walking, yoga, or quiet rest in a randomized, counterbalanced order with 1 week between sessions. Participants completed the Profile of Mood States questionnaire before and immediately after each condition. Total mood disturbance (TMD) and the six subscales of the Profile of Mood States were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance and paired-samples t tests.Results: There was a significant condition × time interaction on TMD scores (ηp2 = 0.13). Walking and yoga conditions yielded comparable reductions in TMD scores. There was a significant condition × time interaction on vigor (ηp2 = 0.23) whereby walking but not yoga yielded an improvement in vigor. There was a significant main effect of time on anger, confusion, depression, and tension (P &lt; .05) but not on fatigue.Conclusions: Walking and yoga yielded similar improvements in overall acute mood symptoms, and walking improved feelings of vigor. These effects should be further investigated in long-term exercise-training studies.
Perceived Impact of a Self-Management Program for Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Mulligan Hilda , Wilkinson Amanda , Snowdon Jessie 
Published: July 2015

Background: Fatigue in multiple sclerosis (MS) is reported to be one of its most debilitating symptoms, affecting personal, family, and community participation. Despite a high incidence of MS in New Zealand, there was no cohesive approach to support people with MS to manage their fatigue. This prompted the development of Minimise Fatigue, Maximise Life: Creating Balance with Multiple Sclerosis (MFML), a group-based, 6-week fatigue self-management program. This study explored the perceived impact of MFML for participants who attended the program.
Methods: We undertook semistructured individual telephone interviews 1 (n = 23) and 3 (n = 11) months after delivery of the program. Data were analyzed for themes.
Results: Two themes emerged from the data: achieving behavior change to manage fatigue and whole of life effects. These themes represent participants' perceived benefits of the program.
Conclusions: This study provides evidence that the MFML fatigue self-management program positively affected the lives of participants. The findings suggest that participants had begun to successfully develop and integrate self-management skills into their everyday lives. This affected the individual personally and also their participation in family and community life. This study adds to the current knowledge and understanding of the positive effect that delivery of a fatigue self-management intervention can have for people with MS.
Climate change impacts and greenhouse gas mitigation effects on U.S. water quality
Authors: Boehlert Brent , Strzepek Kenneth M. , Chapra Steven C. , Fant Charles , Gebretsadik Yohannes , Lickley Megan , Swanson Richard , McCluskey Alyssa , Neumann James E. , Martinich Jeremy 
Published: July 2015

AbstractClimate change will have potentially significant effects on freshwater quality due to increases in river and lake temperatures, changes in the magnitude and seasonality of river runoff, and more frequent and severe extreme events. These physical impacts will in turn have economic consequences through effects on riparian development, river and reservoir recreation, water treatment, harmful aquatic blooms, and a range of other sectors. In this paper, we analyze the physical and economic effects of changes in freshwater quality across the contiguous U.S. in futures with and without global‐scale greenhouse gas mitigation. Using a water allocation and quality model of 2119 river basins, we estimate the impacts of various projected emissions outcomes on several key water quality indicators, and monetize these impacts with a water quality index approach. Under mitigation, we find that water temperatures decrease considerably and that dissolved oxygen levels rise in response. We find that the annual economic impacts on water quality of a high emissions scenario rise from $1.4 billion in 2050 to $4 billion in 2100, leading to present value mitigation benefits, discounted at 3%, of approximately $17.5 billion over the 2015–2100 period.
Direct Catalytic Asymmetric Doubly Vinylogous Michael Addition of α,β‐Unsaturated γ‐Butyrolactams to Dienones
Authors: Gu Xiaodong , Guo Tingting , Dai Yuanyuan , Franchino Allegra , Fei Jie , Zou Chuncheng , Dixon Darren J. , Ye Jinxing 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAn asymmetric doubly vinylogous Michael addition (DVMA) of α,β‐unsaturated γ‐butyrolactams to sterically congested β‐substituted cyclic dienones with high site‐, diastereo‐, and enantioselectivity has been achieved. An unprecedented DVMA/vinylogous Michael addition/isomerization cascade reaction affords chiral fused tricyclic γ‐lactams with four newly formed stereocenters.
Synthesis and characterization of microcrystalline cellulose‐graft‐poly(methyl methacrylate) copolymers and their application as rubber reinforcements
Authors: Deng Fei , Ge Xin , Zhang Yinhang , Li Mei‐Chun , Cho Ur Ryong 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTIn this study, redox‐initiated free radical graft copolymerization of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) has been carried out in aqueous media to develop a novel cellulose‐based copolymer. Cerium ammonium nitrate was used as the initiator in the presence of nitric acid. Effects of monomer concentration, initiator concentration, polymerization time, and polymerization temperature on the graft parameters of copolymers were studied. The successful grafting copolymerization between MCC and MMA was validated through attenuated total reflection, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, and thermal gravimetric analysis. In comparison to native MCC, the resultant copolymers exhibited enhanced thermal stability and better compatibility with natural rubber, suggesting its potential application as reinforcement material in rubber industry. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42666.
Experience‐Based Decisions Favor Riskier Alternatives in Large Sets
Authors: Noguchi Takao , Hills Thomas T. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractResearch on risky choice has been predominantly based on studies of choices between two alternatives, but their findings are often generalized to environments with more than two alternatives. One prominent claim of this research is that choices differ with respect to risk when alternatives are described (the description paradigm) as opposed to sampled (the sampling paradigm). Here, we demonstrate that the difference in choices is sensitive to the number of alternatives in a choice set: with a growth in set size, alternatives with rare payoffs become more likely to be chosen in the sampling paradigm. This increased risk‐taking is due to the statistical property of payoffs: with a growth in set size, at least one riskier alternative becomes much more likely to deliver an attractive sample payoff at a higher frequency than its underlying probability. The increased risk‐taking eventually diminishes the difference between the description and the sampling paradigms in the gain domain. Further, we show that the increase in risk‐taking is difficult to avoid, even if each alternative is thoroughly sampled. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Altered inhibition‐related frontolimbic connectivity in obsessive–compulsive disorder
Authors: van Velzen Laura S. , de Wit Stella J. , Ćurĉić‐Blake Branislava , Cath Daniëlle C. , de Vries Froukje E. , Veltman Dick J. , van der Werf Ysbrand D. , van den Heuvel Odile A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies have shown that response inhibition is impaired in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder and their unaffected siblings, suggesting that these deficits may be considered a cognitive endophenotype of obsessive–compulsive disorder. Structural and functional neural correlates of altered response inhibition have been identified in patients and siblings. This study aims to examine the functional integrity of the response inhibition network in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder and their unaffected siblings.MethodsForty‐one unmedicated patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder, 17 of their unaffected siblings and 37 healthy controls performed a stop signal task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Psycho‐physiological interaction analysis was used to examine functional connectivity between the following regions of interest: the bilateral inferior frontal gyri, presupplementary motor area, subthalamic nuclei, inferior parietal lobes, anterior cingulate cortex, and amygdala. We then used dynamic causal modeling to investigate the directionality of the networks involved.ResultsPatients, and to a lesser extent also their unaffected siblings, show altered connectivity between the inferior frontal gyrus and the amygdala during response inhibition. The follow‐up dynamic causal modeling suggests a bottom‐up influence of the amygdala on the inferior frontal gyrus in healthy controls, whereas processing occurs top‐down in patients with obsessive–compulsive, and in both directions in siblings.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that amygdala activation in obsessive–compulsive disorder interferes differently with the task‐related recruitment of the inhibition network, underscoring the role of limbic disturbances in cognitive dysfunctions in obsessive–compulsive disorder. Hum Brain Mapp 36:4064–4075, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
South Africa's Emerging Black Middle Class: A Harbinger of Political Change?
Authors: Mattes Robert 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWhile South Africa has seen a significant increase in the post‐apartheid period in the size of the Black middle class, the attitudinal consequences of indicators of the middle class, as of 2011, are inconsistent and modest in size. While they are no more likely to hold democratic values than other Black South Africans, they are more likely to want the government to secure ‘higher‐order’ rather than basic survival needs. They are less likely to identify with the governing African National Congress and to turn out to vote. They are also less likely to ‘voice’ their concerns by contacting officials or joining in conventional or unconventional forms of collective action. Yet while intra‐racial class differences amongst Black people remain muted, intra‐class racial differences amongst South Africa's middle class are still substantial. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of International Development published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Pipes, pools, and filters: How collaboration networks affect innovative performance
Authors: Singh Harpreet , Kryscynski David , Li Xinxin , Gopal Ram 
Published: July 2015

Research summary: Innovation requires inventors to have both new knowledge and the ability to combine and configure knowledge (i.e., combinatory knowledge), and such knowledge may flow through networks. We argue that both combinatory knowledge and new knowledge are accessed through collaboration networks, but that inventors' abilities to access such knowledge depends on its location in the network. Combinatory knowledge transfers from direct contacts, but not easily from indirect contacts. In contrast, new knowledge transfers from both direct and indirect contacts, but is far more likely to be new and useful when it comes from indirect contacts. Exploring knowledge flows in 69,476 patents and 89,930 unique inventors reveals evidence that combinatory knowledge from direct contacts and new knowledge from indirect contacts significantly affects innovative performance.Managerial summary: Inventors often combine ideas to create innovations. To do this, they need ideas to combine and they need the ability to combine those ideas. Inventors can get ideas to combine as well as the ability to combine ideas through prior co‐workers. Prior co‐workers can share ideas that may be relevant for the inventor's project and can tell the inventor about other things that other people are working on, especially people the inventor may not know. This can help inventors easily learn about ideas from friends‐of‐friends. The ability to combine ideas, however, is much harder to pass on. Prior co‐workers must carefully work with the inventor to teach him or her the complex processes of combining ideas. This means that it is very hard to learn how to combine knowledge from a friend‐of‐a‐friend, but it may be possible to learn from prior co‐workers. We explore this phenomenon in the social relationships of software inventors. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.