bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep sequencing of the olfactory epithelium reveals specific chemosensory receptors are expressed at sexual maturity in the European eel Anguilla anguilla
Authors: Churcher Allison M. , Hubbard Peter C. , Marques João Pedro , Canário Adelino V. M. , Huertas Mar 
Published: January 2015

AbstractVertebrate genomes encode a diversity of G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) that belong to large gene families and are used by olfactory systems to detect chemical cues found in the environment. It is not clear however, if individual receptors from these large gene families have evolved roles that are specific to certain life stages. Here, we used deep sequencing to identify differentially expressed receptor transcripts in the olfactory epithelia (OE) of freshwater, seawater and sexually mature male eels (Anguilla anguilla). This species is particularly intriguing because of its complex life cycle, extreme long‐distance migrations and early‐branching position within the teleost phylogeny. In the A. anguillaOE, we identified full‐length transcripts for 13, 112, 6 and 38 trace amine‐associated receptors, odorant receptors (OR) and type I and type II vomeronasal receptors (V1R and V2R). Most of these receptors were expressed at similar levels at different life stages and a subset of OR and V2R‐like transcripts was more abundant in sexually mature males suggesting that ORs and V2R‐like genes are important for reproduction. We also identified a set of GPCR signal transduction genes that were differentially expressed indicating that eels make use of different GPCR signal transduction genes at different life stages. The finding that a diversity of chemosensory receptors is expressed in the olfactory epithelium and that a subset is differentially expressed suggests that most receptors belonging to large chemosensory gene families have functions that are important at multiple life stages, while a subset has evolved specific functions at different life stages.
The influence of tissue herniation on diplopia and ocular motility in orbital blowout fractures
Authors: Alhamdani F. , Durham J. , Greenwood M. , Corbett I. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAimThe aim of the study is to determine the effect of orbital tissue herniation, as determined by computed tomography (CT) scan, on diplopia and ocular motility scores in blowout fracture patients.Materials and methodsPatients who sustained pure orbital blowout fractures in the period 2000–2010, and for whom CT scan reports were available, were included in the study. Three levels of tissue herniation were reported: none, fat only, and fat and muscle. Orthoptic assessment included binocular single vision (BSV) and uniocular fields of fixation (UFOF) scores.ResultsOne hundred and twenty‐three patients were included in the study. Although mean BSV and UFOF scores decreased with increasing amounts of tissue prolapse, there was no significant difference between the BSV, UFOF scores of injuries with no tissue prolapse and those with only fat herniation (P > 0.05). A significant difference was noted between the BSV and UFOF scores of no/fat herniation and injuries with fat and muscle prolapse groups. Patients with muscle herniation had a tendency for an unfavourable outcome following surgical intervention.ConclusionWe suggest that orbital fat herniation alone may not be an adequate indication for surgical intervention for correction of diplopia in orbital blowout fractures. Cases with orbital muscle herniation are more likely to have an unfavourable outcome in relation to diplopia.
Response styles, bipolar risk, and mood in students: The Behaviours Checklist
Authors: Fisk Claire , Dodd Alyson L. , Collins Alan 
Published: January 2015

ObjectivesAn Integrative Cognitive Model of mood swings and bipolar disorder proposes that extreme positive and negative appraisals about internal states trigger ascent and descent behaviours, contributing to the onset and maintenance of mood swings. This study investigated the reliability and validity of a new inventory, the Behaviours Checklist (BC), by measuring associations with appraisals, response styles to positive and negative affect, bipolar risk, mania, and depression.DesignCorrelational analogue study.MethodsStudents (N = 134) completed the BC alongside measures of appraisals, response styles to positive and negative mood, mania, depression, and hypomanic personality (bipolar risk).ResultsThe BC was of adequate reliability and showed good validity. Ascent behaviours and appraisals predicted bipolar risk, whereas descent behaviours and appraisals were associated with depression.ConclusionsAppraisals, ascent, and descent behaviours may play an important role in the development and maintenance of mood swings. Limitations and research recommendations are outlined.Practitioner points

Extreme positive and negative appraisals of internal states, and subsequent behavioural responses (ascent and descent behaviours), are associated with bipolar risk and bipolar mood symptoms in a student sample.

These processes are involved with mood dysregulation in clinical populations as well as bipolar risk in students, with implications for mood management.
Light Treatment Improves Sleep Quality and Negative Affectiveness in High Arctic Residents During Winter
Authors: Paul Michel A. , Love Ryan J. , Hawton Andrea , Brett Kaighley , McCreary Donald R. , Arendt Josephine 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe seasonal extremes of photoperiod in the high Arctic place particular strain on the human circadian system, which leads to trouble sleeping and increased feelings of negative affect in the winter months. To qualify for our study, potential participants had to have been at Canadian Forces Station (CFS) Alert (82° 30′ 00″ N) for at least 2 weeks. Subjects filled out questionnaires regarding sleep difficulty, psychological well‐being and mood and wore Actigraphs to obtain objective sleep data. Saliva was collected at regular intervals on two occasions, 2 weeks apart, to measure melatonin and assess melatonin onset. Individuals with a melatonin rhythm that was in disaccord with their sleep schedule were given individualized daily light treatment interventions based on their pretreatment salivary melatonin profile. The light treatment prescribed to seven of the twelve subjects was effective in improving sleep quality both subjectively, based on questionnaire results, and objectively, based on the actigraphic data. The treatment also caused a significant reduction in negative affect among the participants. Since the treatment is noninvasive and has minimal associated side effects, our results support the use of the light visors at CFS Alert and other northern outposts during the winter for individuals who are experiencing sleep difficulty or low mood.
Pharmaceutical industry, academia and patient advocacy organizations: What is the recipe for synergic (win–win–win) collaborations?
Authors: Rose Daniel M. , Marshall Richard , Surber Mark W. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBiological complexity and the need for highly differentiated medicines means that drug discovery and development have become increasingly challenging and expensive. Thus, new paradigms for research and drug development need to be created that bring together a wide array of expertise. One potential solution is collaboration between bio‐pharma and academic research centres. Two examples are discussed, one with a large pharma company (GlaxoSmithKline) and the other a small biotech (Genoa Pharmaceuticals). Patient advocacy organization can also have role in assisting in the creation of these partnerships by informing patients of ongoing research and clinical trials, and supporting the development of networks that can provide major benefit for both basic research and drug development. A major ‘hurdle’ for the creation of these relationships is the issue of intellectual property. Examples are provided of how this issue can be resolved.
Transnational Environmental Activism in North America: Wielding Soft Power through Knowledge Sharing?
Authors: Pacheco‐Vega Raul 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWhile a majority of scholarship on the study of transnational advocacy networks (TANs) has focused on the role of value‐and‐belief‐sharing as these networks link activists across nations together, less has been written concerning the role of knowledge exchange among environmental nongovernmental organizations (ENGOs) in helping effect policy change. This article examines how transnational coalitions of ENGOs in North America have helped shape environmental policy across the Canada–U.S.–Mexico borders. In the paper, I explore two cases of nonstate actor mobilization: the North American Pollutant Release, and Transfer Registry Project and the Citizen Submission on Enforcement Matters. In this article, I bridge notions of “soft power” with scholarship on knowledge sharing, thereby showing that nonstate actors use it as a model to build stronger transnational coalitions, effecting pressure on industry and intergovernmental actors, and provide policy input in environmental decision making across borders.
Lack of drug interaction between cyclosporine and telaprevir in a liver transplant recipient
Authors: Lemaitre F. , Jezequel C. , Verdier M.‐C. , Dermu M. , Boglione‐Kerrien C. , Boudjema K. , Bellissant E. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractTelaprevir is a novel NS3A/4A protease inhibitor approved in combination with ribavirin and peg‐interferon alfa for the treatment of genotype‐1 chronic hepatitis C. This drug is also known to be a potent cytochrome P450 3A and drug efflux protein ATP‐binding cassette B1 (also called P‐glycoprotein) inhibitor, and could therefore interact with immunosuppressive drugs. For this reason, a decrease in cyclosporine (CsA) dosage has been proposed when combining this drug with telaprevir. We report herein the case of an unpredictable lack of interaction between CsA and telaprevir in a liver transplant recipient. The decrease in CsA dosage, conducted as recommended in the literature, did not result in stable CsA concentrations but decreased them. However, the decrease in CsA exposure could have been unseen without the measurement of CsA concentrations 2 h after the administration (C2) of the drug, because it mainly resulted from the decrease in CsA peak. The mechanism leading to this lack of drug interaction in this patient has not been fully elucidated yet, but is likely to affect the absorption phase. Therapeutic drug monitoring using only CsA trough concentrations could be falsely reassuring, and the addition of the measurement of the C2 may add useful information to adapt CsA dosage in patients co‐treated with telaprevir.
Normal bacterial conjunctival flora in theHuacaya alpaca (Vicugna pacos)
Authors: Storms Goedele , Meersschaert Carole , Farnir Frédéric , Grauwels Magda 
Published: January 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the bacterial flora of the normal conjunctiva ofHuacaya alpacas (Vicugna pacos) and to determine the effect of age and gender on this flora.Animals studiedFiftyHuacaya alpacas.ProceduresAfter a complete ophthalmic examination, conjunctival swabs were obtained from both eyes and cultured for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Logistic andPoisson regression analyses were used to evaluate the effect of age and gender on bacterial isolation.ResultsFour animals were excluded because of signs of external ocular disease. Of the remaining 46 alpacas, bacteria were recovered from 96.7% (89/92) of the eyes. A total of 190 bacterial isolates were cultured with a mean of 2.1 bacterial isolates per eye. The majority of isolates (70%) wereGram‐positive.Staphylococcus xylosus(44/190: 23.2%) predominated, followed by viridans streptococci (32/190: 16.8%) andPantoea agglomerans(24/190: 12.6%). Other frequently isolated bacteria includedRothia mucilaginosa(12/190: 6.3%),Staphylococcus equorum(12/190: 6.3%),Bacillusspecies (9/190: 4.7%),Moraxella ovis(9/190: 4.7%), andMoraxella catarrhalis(6/190: 3.2%). Statistical analysis showed that alpacas harboring viridans streptococci andMoraxellaspecies were significantly younger. Gender did not significantly affect type of bacterial isolation. There appeared to be no significant effect of age or gender on number of bacteria isolated.ConclusionsGram‐positive aerobes were most commonly cultured, withS. xylosusand viridans streptococci predominating. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report describing the presence ofMoraxellaspecies in the healthy conjunctival sac of alpacas. Alpacas harboring viridans streptococci andMoraxellaspecies were significantly younger.
Reinnervation following catheter‐based radio‐frequency renal denervation
Authors: Booth Lindsea C. , Nishi Erika E. , Yao Song T. , Ramchandra Rohit , Lambert Gavin W. , Schlaich Markus P. , May Clive N. 
Published: January 2015

New Findings
What is the topic of this review?
Does catheter‐based renal denervation effectively denervate the afferent and efferent renal nerves and does reinnervation occur?
What advances does it highlight?
Following catheter‐based renal denervation, the afferent and efferent responses to electrical stimulation were abolished, renal sympathetic nerve activity was absent, and levels of renal noradrenaline and immunohistochemistry for tyrosine hydroxylase and calcitonin gene‐related peptide were significantly reduced. By 11 months after renal denervation, both the functional responses and anatomical markers of afferent and efferent renal nerves had returned to normal, indicating reinnervation.

Renal denervation reduces blood pressure in animals with experimental hypertension and, recently, catheter‐based renal denervation was shown to cause a prolonged decrease in blood pressure in patients with resistant hypertension. The randomized, sham‐controlled Symplicity HTN‐3 trial failed to meet its primary efficacy end‐point, but there is evidence that renal denervation was incomplete in many patients. Currently, there is little information regarding the effectiveness of catheter‐based renal denervation and the extent of reinnervation. We assessed the effectiveness of renal nerve denervation with the Symplicity Flex catheter and the functional and anatomical reinnervation at 5.5 and 11 months postdenervation. In anaesthetized, non‐denervated sheep, there was a high level of renal sympathetic nerve activity, and electrical stimulation of the renal nerve increased blood pressure and reduced heart rate (afferent response) and caused renal vasoconstriction and reduced renal blood flow (efferent response). Immediately after renal denervation, renal sympathetic nerve activity and the responses to electrical stimulation were absent, indicating effective denervation. By 11 months after denervation, renal sympathetic nerve activity was present and the responses to electrical stimulation were normal, indicating reinnervation. Anatomical measures of renal innervation by sympathetic efferent nerves (tissue noradrenaline and tyrosine hydroxylase) and afferent sensory nerves (calcitonin gene‐related peptide) demonstrated large decreases at 1 week postdenervation, but normal levels at 11 months postdenervation. In summary, catheter‐based renal denervation is effective, but reinnervation occurs. Studies of central and renal changes postdenervation are required to understand the causes of the prolonged hypotensive response to catheter‐based renal denervation in human hypertension.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Extremely Halophilic Bacterium Halomonas salina Strain CIFRI1, Isolated from the East Coast of India
Authors: Behera Bijay Kumar , Das Priyanka , Maharana Jitendra , Paria Prasenjit , Mandal Shambhu Nath , Meena Dharmendra Kumar , Sharma Anil Prakash , Jayarajan Rijith , Dixit Vishal , Verma Ankit , Vellarikkal Shamsudheen Karuthedath , Scaria Vinod , Sivasubbu Sridhar , Rao Atmakuri Ramakrishna , Mohapatra Trilochan 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

Halomonas salina
strain CIFRI1 is an extremely salt-stress-tolerant bacterium isolated from the salt crystals of the east coast of India. Here we report the annotated 3.45-Mb draft genome sequence of strain CIFRI1 having 86 contigs with 3,139 protein coding loci, including 62 RNA genes.
Draft Genome Sequence of Bordetella trematum Strain HR18
Authors: Chang Dong-Ho , Jin Tae-Eun , Rhee Moon-Soo , Jeong Haeyoung , Kim Seil , Kim Byoung-Chan 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

The genus
Bordetella
is reportedly a human or animal pathogen and environmental microbe. We report the draft genome sequence of
Bordetella trematum
strain HR18, which was isolated from the rumen of Korean native cattle (Hanwoo;
Bos taurus
coreanae
). It is the first genome sequence of a
Bordetella
sp. isolated from the rumen of cattle.
Studying Bordetella pertussis Populations by Use of SNPeX, a Simple High-Throughput Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Typing Method
Authors: Zeddeman Anne , Witteveen Sandra , Bart Marieke J. , van Gent Marjolein , van der Heide Han G. J. , Heuvelman Kees J. , Schouls Leo M. , Mooi Frits R. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

Large outbreaks of pertussis occur despite vaccination. A first step in the analyses of outbreaks is strain typing. However, the typing of
Bordetella pertussis
, the causative agent of pertussis, is problematic because the available assays are insufficiently discriminatory, not unequivocal, time-consuming, and/or costly. Here, we describe a single nucleotide primer extension assay for the study of
B. pertussis
populations, SNPeX (single nucleotide primer extension), which addresses these problems. The assay is based on the incorporation of fluorescently labeled dideoxynucleotides (ddNTPs) at the 3′ end of allele-specific poly(A)-tailed primers and subsequent analysis with a capillary DNA analyzer. Each single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) primer has a specific length, and as a result, up to 20 SNPs can be determined in one SNPeX reaction. Importantly, PCR amplification of target DNA is not required. We selected 38 SNPeX targets from the whole-genome sequencing data of 74
B. pertussis
strains collected from across the world. The SNPeX-based phylogenetic trees preserved the general tree topology of
B. pertussis
populations based on whole-genome sequencing, with a minor loss of details. We envisage a strategy whereby SNP types (SnpTs) are quickly identified with the SNPeX assay during an outbreak, followed by whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of a limited number of isolates representing predominant SnpTs and the incorporation of novel SNPs in the SNPeX assay. The flexibility of the SNPeX assay allows the method to evolve along with the pathogen, making it a promising method for studying outbreaks of
B. pertussis
and other pathogens.
Validation of a New Aspergillus Real-Time PCR Assay for Direct Detection of Aspergillus and Azole Resistance of Aspergillus fumigatus on Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid
Authors: Chong Ga-Lai M. , van de Sande Wendy W. J. , Dingemans Gijs J. H. , Gaajetaan Giel R. , Vonk Alieke G. , Hayette Marie-Pierre , van Tegelen Dennis W. E. , Simons Guus F. M. , Rijnders Bart J. A. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

Azole resistance in
Aspergillus fumigatus
is increasingly reported. Here, we describe the validation of the AsperGenius, a new multiplex real-time PCR assay consisting of two multiplex real-time PCRs, one that identifies the clinically relevant
Aspergillus
species, and one that detects the TR34, L98H, T289A, and Y121F mutations in CYP51A and differentiates susceptible from resistant
A. fumigatus
strains. The diagnostic performance of the AsperGenius assay was tested on 37 bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid samples from hematology patients and 40 BAL fluid samples from intensive care unit (ICU) patients using a BAL fluid galactomannan level of ≥1.0 or positive culture as the gold standard for detecting the presence of
Aspergillus
. In the hematology and ICU groups combined, there were 22 BAL fluid samples from patients with invasive aspergillosis (IA) (2 proven, 9 probable, and 11 nonclassifiable). Nineteen of the 22 BAL fluid samples were positive, according to the gold standard. The optimal cycle threshold value for the presence of
Aspergillus
was <36. Sixteen of the 19 BAL fluid samples had a positive PCR (2
Aspergillus
species and 14
A. fumigatus
samples). This resulted in a sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 88.9%, 89.3%, 72.7%, and 96.2%, respectively, for the hematology group and 80.0%, 93.3%, 80.0%, and 93.3%, respectively, in the ICU group. The CYP51A real-time PCR confirmed 12 wild-type and 2 resistant strains (1 TR34-L98H and 1 TR46-Y121F-T289A mutant). Voriconazole therapy failed for both patients. The AsperGenius multiplex real-time PCR assay allows for sensitive and fast detection of
Aspergillus
species directly from BAL fluid samples. More importantly, this assay detects and differentiates wild-type from resistant strains, even if BAL fluid cultures remain negative.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Employs the Cellular Dynein Light Chain 1 Protein for Reverse Transcription through Interaction with Its Integrase Protein
Authors: Jayappa Kallesh Danappa , Ao Zhujun , Wang Xiaoxia , Mouland Andrew J. , Shekhar Sudhanshu , Yang Xi , Yao Xiaojian 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

In this study, we examined the requirement for host dynein adapter proteins such as dynein light chain 1 (DYNLL1), dynein light chain Tctex-type 1 (DYNLT1), and p150
Glued
in early steps of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication. We found that the knockdown (KD) of DYNLL1, but not DYNLT1 or p150
Glued
, resulted in significantly lower levels of HIV-1 reverse transcription in cells. Following an attempt to determine how DYNLL1 could impact HIV-1 reverse transcription, we detected the DYNLL1 interaction with HIV-1 integrase (IN) but not with capsid (CA), matrix (MA), or reverse transcriptase (RT) protein. Furthermore, by mutational analysis of putative DYNLL1 interaction motifs in IN, we identified the motifs
52
GQVD and
250
VIQD in IN as essential for DYNLL1 interaction. The DYNLL1 interaction-defective IN mutant HIV-1 (HIV-1IN
Q53A/Q252A
) exhibited impaired reverse transcription. Through further investigations, we have also detected relatively smaller amounts of particulate CA in DYNLL1-KD cells or in infections with HIV-1IN
Q53A/Q252A
mutant virus. Overall, our study demonstrates the novel interaction between HIV-1 IN and cellular DYNLL1 proteins and suggests the requirement of this virus-cell interaction for proper uncoating and efficient reverse transcription of HIV-1.

IMPORTANCE
Host cellular DYNLL1, DYNLT1, and p150
Glued
proteins have been implicated in the replication of several viruses. However, their roles in HIV-1 replication have not been investigated. For the first time, we demonstrated that during viral infection, HIV-1 IN interacts with DYNLL1, and their interaction was found to have a role in proper uncoating and efficient reverse transcription of HIV-1. Thus, interaction of IN and DYNLL1 may be a potential target for future anti-HIV therapy. Moreover, while our study has evaluated the involvement of IN in HIV-1 uncoating and reverse transcription, it also predicts a possible mechanism by which IN contributes to these early viral replication steps.