bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence of Lone Pair Crafted Emphanisis in the Ruddlesden–Popper Halide Perovskite Cs2PbI2Cl2
Authors: Maria Ivy , Acharyya Paribesh , Voneshen David , Dutta Moinak , Ahad Abdul , Etter Martin , Ghosh Tanmoy , Pal Koushik , Biswas Kanishka 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA hallmark of typical structural transformations is an increase in symmetry upon heating due to entropic favourability. However, local symmetry breaking upon warming is recently evidenced in rare crystalline phases. Termed as emphanisis, the phenomenon implores exploration of fascinating thermodynamic nuances that drive unusual structural evolutions. Here, synchrotron X‐ray total scattering measurements are presented on a Ruddlesden–Popper mixed halide perovskite, Cs2PbI2Cl2, which reveal signatures of emphanisis. The genesis of symmetry lowering upon heating is traced to a lone pair‐driven cooperative local structural distortion composed of thermally actuated Pb off‐centring and static Cl displacement. Mapping the thermal evolution of low‐lying phonon modes with inelastic neutron scattering uncovers instances of mode hardening with picosecond lifetime and an intriguing soft mode at the X‐point of the Brillouin zone—features conducive to ultralow thermal transport. Together, these observations highlight the fundamental and functional implications of chemical design in engendering unconventional phenomena in crystalline materials and associated properties.
Why Biopolymer Microgels with Dynamically Switchable Properties Would be a Great Tool‐Box for the Cultivation of Stem Cells
Authors: Özkale Berna , Lieleg Oliver 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this short perspective article, it is asked why – different from their macroscopic bulk counterparts – biopolymer‐based microgels with dynamically switchable mechanical properties are basically non‐existent. The article pinpoints why such dynamic control over the viscoelasticity of microgels would be desirable for the encapsulation of stem cells, how switchable mechanical properties may be achievable in biopolymer‐based microgel systems, and what pitfalls and issues need to be addressed to realize such a complex, engineered microenvironment for cells.
New Synthetic Approaches for the Construction of Enantioenriched Molecules Bearing Quaternary Stereocenters
Authors: Sun Zhou , Liu Jiaxuan , Shi Lin , Yang Ming , Wang Yuan , Han Ya‐Ping , Yao Xiaojun , Liang Yong‐Min 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOptically active molecule architectures stand as an important class of organic compounds and occupy a key role in academic and industrial communities. Particularly, the molecules bearing quaternary carbon are of vital importance because of its favorable conformation and valuable three‐dimensional molecules, which frequently play a key role in a broad spectrum of functional materials, pharmaceutical relevant natural molecules, and agrochemicals. Over the past few decades, a large number of synthetic strategies for the enantioselective construction of compounds with chiral quaternary carbon centers have been the focus of a number of research initiatives. In this review, the state‐of‐the‐art toward the synthesis of enantioenriched molecules bearing quaternary stereocenters are summarized, which could be segmented into four categories: 1) Construction of optically active quaternary carbon centers by addition to prochiral sp2 carbon; 2) Construction of optically active all‐carbon quaternary stereocenters via substitution at non‐chiral tetra‐substituted carbon; 3) Construction of optically active all‐carbon quaternary stereocenters via kinetic resolution; 4) Construction of optically active all‐carbon quaternary stereocenters via desymmetrization reactions.
Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Bicyclo[2.1.1]Hexan‐1‐ols via SmI2‐Mediated Reductive Cyclization Reactions
Authors: Hsu Chih‐Wei , Wu Chun‐Fu , Lee Yung‐Chi , Yoo Woo‐Jin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe replacement of benzene rings with saturated bioisosteric counterparts is a key priority in drug discovery programs, and disubstituted bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes have been recognized as flexible molecular scaffolds that could act as ortho‐substituted benzene bioisosteres. In this study, we outline the synthesis of a wide range of 2‐substituted bicyclo[2.1.1]hexan‐1‐ols, which have the potential to emulate ortho‐phenolic derivatives, via SmI2‐mediated reductive cyclization reactions. The synthetic utility of this methodology was exemplified by the preparation of several saturated analogs of pharmaceutically relevant compounds.
Ambipolar Nature Accelerates Dual‐Functionality on Ni/Ni3N@NC for Simultaneous Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution in Electrochemical Water Splitting System
Authors: Janani Gnanaprakasam , Surendran Subramani , Moon Dae Jun , Ramesh Poonchi Sivasankaran , Kim Joon Young , Lim Yoongu , Veeramani Krishnan , Mahadik Shivraj , Jesudass Sebastian Cyril , Choi Jinuk , Kim Il Goo , Jung Pildo , Choi Heechae , Kwon Gibum , Jin Kyoungsuk , Kim Jung kyu , Park Yong Il , Heo Jaeyeong , Hong Kootak , Kang Young Soo , Sim Uk 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMetal nitrides with extraordinary electrochemical characteristics established widespread applications in energy devices. Inspired by the recent research on promising heterostructured catalysts, the preparation of a nitride‐based heterostructure via a facile approach involving a one‐step nitridation process is revisited. An innovative Ni/Ni3N is decorated on nitrogen‐doped carbon (NC) and evaluated for its dual‐functionality as a catalyst in the electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (EHER) and the electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (EOER). In contrast to Ni@NC and pristine NC, Ni/Ni3N@NC with the well‐constructed NC significantly enhanced its catalytic performance toward EHER and EOER in a water electrolyzer. The water electrolyzer consists of Ni/Ni3N@NC as both the anode and cathode achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2 with a remarkably low voltage of 1.52 V. The designed catalyst takes full advantage of its heterostructure and ambipolar behavior leading to the presence of active sites for EOER and EHER, as confirmed by in‐situ Raman analysis. These results provide important guidance on designing an efficient and cost‐effective heterostructured dual‐functional catalyst as well as revealing the mechanism at the interface between the surface of an ambipolar catalyst and electrolyte.
Utilizing Deep Eutectic Solvent in Microemulsion for Eco‐Friendly Synthesis of Fluorescent Carbon Nanoparticles and their Highly Sensitive Sensing of Antibiotics and Nitroaromatic Compounds
Authors: Mehra Sanjay , Singh Kuldeep , Kumar Arvind 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMicroemulsions (MEs) comprising of cholinium dodecylbenzene sulphonate Cho[DBS], a bio‐based ionic liquid surfactant as an emulsifier, hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent (HDES) as nonpolar phase, and water as a polar component are constructed. Negative value of ∆G estimated from isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) plots indicate spontaneous aggregation of Cho[DBS] both in water and HDES. The aggregates of Cho[DBS] in HDES and water show the critical micellar concentration (cmc) of ≈4.26 and ≈2.4 mMm, respectively. Cho[DBS] shows a better emulsifying capacity with a high monophasic region in the ternary phase diagram. MEs are utilized as nanoreactors for the sustainable synthesis of nano‐sized fluorescent carbon nanoparticles (FCNPs) with precise control over size and morphology. FCNPs are characterized using PXRD, Raman, XPS, HR‐TEM, UV–vis, and Fluorescence spectroscopic techniques. FCNPs exhibited remarkable properties viz. adjustable luminescence, good solubility, and biocompatibility. FCNPs are applied for fluorometric sensing of nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) and antibiotics through a quenching response originating from the inner filter effect, with a fast response nanomolar detection, and are found highly selective toward TNP (NAC), NFT, and NZF (antibiotics).
Nickel‐Doped Co3O4@CoMoO4 Core–Shell Structures for Low Temperature Asymmetric Supercapacitors
Authors: Huai Xinyu , Wang Dengke , Wu Xiang , Sun Lixian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIt is significant to explore the electrode materials for supercapacitors with high storage energy and long cycling stability. Herein, nanoporous Ni‐Co3O4@CoMoO4 composite is fabricated with excellent electrochemical performance. The as‐prepared sample delivers a specific capacity of 1212 C g−1 at 1 A g−1 and superior cycle performance (91.7% after 10 000 times charging and discharging). Several asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs) are assembled using the synthesized products as cathode. They achieve an energy density of 102 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 2770 W kg−1. In addition, the devices present outstanding mechanical stability after multiple bending, demonstrating their potential application in the field of portable energy storage devices.
Local Charge Modulation Induced the Formation of High‐Valent Nickel Sites for Enhanced Urea Electrolysis
Authors: Tang Jiachen , Li Zijian , Jang Haeseong , Gu Xiumin , Sun Chaoyue , Kim Min Gyu , Hou Liqiang , Liu Xien 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNi‐based electrocatalysts are considered to be significantly promising candidates for electrocatalytic urea oxidation reaction (UOR). However, their UOR activity and stability are severely enslaved by the inevitable Ni group self‐oxidation phenomenon. In this study, the glassy state NiFe LDH with uniform Cu dopant (Cu‐NiFe LDH) by a simple sol–gel strategy is successfully synthesized. When served as the UOR catalyst, Cu‐NiFe LDH required a 123 mV lower potential for UOR at both 10 and 100 mA cm−2 in comparison with the conventional anodic OER. It can also operate steadily for more than 300 h at 10 mA cm−2. The in‐depth investigation reveals that Cu incorporation can optimize the local electronic structure of Ni species to induce high‐valent Ni sites. The high‐valent Ni sites would act as the active center during the proposed energetically favorable UOR route, which directly reacts on the high‐valent Ni sites without self‐oxidation inducing the formation of NiOOH species, resulting in a boosted electrocatalytic UOR activity and stability.
Accelerated mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss] improvement for salt tolerance: Photosynthetic traits and selection indices
Authors: Singh Jogendra , Singh Vijayata , KT Ravi Kiran , Kumar Ashwani , Khan Mudasser Ahmad , Khatik Champa Lal , Jakhar Mohan Lal , Sheera Ashish , Meena Prabhu Dayal , Yadava Devendra Kumar , Sharma Parbodh Chander 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPhotosynthetic traits can sense and signal abiotic stress at early growth stages of mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss]. The integration stress responses with multiple selection indices can select the fittest/tolerant genotypes. With this goal, a set of 210 diverse mustard genotypes were phenotyped under control and salt‐stress (electrical conductivity = 12 dS m−1). Significant dynamic response of the plant to salt stress with reduction for all morpho‐physiological traits and genotype × treatment interaction was observed under salinity. A higher accumulation of Na+ was recorded in the roots, followed by shoots. A close correspondence between phenotypic coefficient of variation and genotypic coefficient of variation under control and salt stress conditions results in high heritability (h2) in broad sense. A significant negative association between shoot and root Na+ content and rate of photosynthesis also indicated that Na+ was significantly restricted in the root. This was not found to be efficient because considerable Na+ buildup was observed in the shoot. Multiple trait‐based indices, such as membership function value of salinity tolerance, classical Smith–Hazel index, factor analysis ideotype–best linear unbiased prediction index, and multi‐trait genotype‐ideotype distance index, deduced CS 2009‐159, CS 2009‐420, CS 2009‐124, and Swarn Jyoti (RH‐9801) are promising for identifying salt‐tolerant genotypes that can serve as donors for the development of salt‐tolerant cultivars.
A Nitroreductase‐Activatable Metabolic Reporter for Covalent Labeling of Pathological Hypoxic Cells in Tumorigenesis
Authors: Wang Zhimin , Lau Jun Wei , Liu Songhan , Ren Ziheng , Gong Zhiyuan , Liu Xiaogang , Xing Bengang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAberrant hypoxic stress will initiate a cascade of pathological consequence observed prominently in tumorigenesis. Understanding of hypoxia's role in tumorigenesis is highly essential for developing effective therapeutics, which necessitates reliable tools to specifically distinguish hypoxic tumor cells (or tissues) and correlate their dynamics with the status of disease in complex living settings for precise theranostics. So far, disparate hypoxia‐responsive probe molecules and prodrugs were designed via chemical or enzymatic reactions, yet their capability in real‐time reporting pathogenesis development is often compromised due to unrestricted diffusion and less selectivity towards the environmental responsiveness. Herein we present an oxygen‐insensitive nitroreductase (NTR)‐activatable glycan metabolic reporter (pNB‐ManNAz) capable of covalently labeling hypoxic tumor cells and tissues. Under pathophysiological hypoxic environments, the caged non‐metabolizable precursor pNB‐ManNAz exhibited unique responsiveness to cellular NTR, culminating in structural self‐immolation and the resultant ManNAz could incorporate onto cell surface glycoproteins, thereby facilitating fluorescence labeling via bioorthogonal chemistry. This NTR‐responsive metabolic reporter demonstrated broad applicability for multicellular hypoxia labeling, particularly in the dynamic monitoring of orthotopic tumorigenesis and targeted tumor phototherapy in vivo. We anticipate that this approach holds promise for investigating hypoxia‐related pathological progression, offering valuable insights for accurate diagnosis and treatment.
Thienyltriazine Triamides: Thickness Insensitive Interlayer Materials Featuring Fine‐Tuned Optoelectronic and Aggregation Characters for Efficient Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Wenxu , Wen Junjie , Yu Haicheng , Zhan Xin , Wang Yuxing , Zhang Lei , Fan Yanhui , You Zuhao , Liu Yao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA novel class of thienyltriazine triamides (TTTAs) was facile synthesized and firstly used as cathode interlayers (CILs) for organic solar cells (OSCs). By utilizing different aromatic arms and pendant polar groups, their optoelectronic properties and aggregation behaviors were effectively modulated. The combination of thienyltriazine (TT) core, naphthylamide arm and imidazole pendant group endows TT−N−M with suitable energy levels, intensified work function tunability, higher conductivity, and well‐balanced crystallinity and film‐forming ability, boosting both the performance and stability of OSCs significantly. Remarkably, the solar cell efficiency remains stable at around 90 % of the optimal efficiency even as the interlayer thickness varied from 5 to 95 nm, demonstrating its insensitivity to thickness. Moreover, TT−N−M exhibits compatibility with various active layer systems, achieving a maximum efficiency of 19.60 % for single‐junction solar cell. Its exceptional tolerance to thickness fluctuations and performance establishes a new benchmark for multi‐armed CIL‐based OSCs, also positioning them among the most high‐performing CIL materials documented thus far. This work not only broadens the scope of CIL materials for OSCs but also offers deep insights into design strategies and structure‐properties relationships, being beneficial for the future development of more efficient CIL materials for organic optoelectronic applications.
Beyond Single‐Cycle Autonomous Molecular Machines: Light‐Powered Shuttling in a Multi‐Cycle Reaction Network
Authors: Yang Zhiyao , Wang Xirui , Penocchio Emanuele , Ragazzon Giulio , Chen Xinnan , Lu Shuai , Zhou Yidan , Fu Kuirong , Liu Zejiang , Cai Yimin , Yu Xiujun , Li Xiaopeng , Li Xiaowei , Feng Wen , Yuan Lihua 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBiomolecular machines autonomously convert energy into functions, driving systems away from thermodynamic equilibrium. This energy conversion is achieved by leveraging complex, kinetically asymmetric chemical reaction networks that are challenging to characterize precisely. In contrast, all known synthetic molecular systems in which kinetic asymmetry has been quantified are well described by simple single‐cycle networks. Here, we report on a unique light‐driven [2]rotaxane that enables the autonomous operation of a synthetic molecular machine with a multi‐cycle chemical reaction network. Unlike all prior systems, the present one exploits a photoactive macrocycle, which features a different photoreactivity depending on the binding sites at which it resides. Furthermore, E to Z isomerization reverses the relative affinity of the macrocycle for two binding sites on the axle, resulting in a multi‐cycle network. Building on the most recent theoretical advancements, this work quantifies kinetic asymmetry in a multi‐cycle network for the first time. Our findings represent the simplest rotaxane capable of autonomous shuttling developed so far and offer a general strategy to generate and quantify kinetic asymmetry beyond single‐cycle systems.
Envisaging a thriving future: The integration of positive psychology into brief psychotherapy and family therapy practice
Authors: Lakeman Richard 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper delves into the pragmatic integration of positive psychology, particularly Seligman's PERMA model, and brief psychotherapy to foster a vision of a thriving future for clients. Despite the entrenched tribalism within psychotherapy that often resists the incorporation of new techniques, a deliberate and flexible approach to integration, rooted in congruence with theoretical frameworks, can overcome these barriers. Positive psychology dovetails neatly with the goals of family therapy by highlighting strengths and resilience. The PERMA model—encompassing Positive emotions, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning and Accomplishment—captures the essence of a flourishing life. While primarily applied in non‐clinical settings, its potential to enhance wellbeing and mitigate depressive symptoms is becoming evident. In the clinical realm, PERMA can pivot conversations towards solutions, especially within the high‐pressure context of acute mental health care. By guiding clients through an exploration of activities aligned with the PERMA domains, therapists can facilitate a rapid transition from problem‐saturated narratives to ones imbued with hope and possibility. This method not only strengthens the therapeutic alliance but also clarifies roles and responsibilities, fostering a sense of agency and optimism in clients. Employing the PERMA model in therapy promotes future‐focused dialogue and goal setting, empowering clients to envision and work towards their preferred futures. This paper presents a practical means of externalising a person's PERMA profile by representing it on the outline of the person's hand. By externalising these discussions and concentrating on tangible goals, therapists can support clients in achieving meaningful change and enhancing their overall wellbeing. Integrating positive psychology into brief psychotherapy thus holds significant promise for helping clients envision and realise a thriving future.
Effect of polybutadiene grafted methyl methacrylate copolymer on the mechanical performance of PC/ABS composites
Authors: Zuo Yansheng , Tang Qianyi , Liu Mengen , Liu Baijun , Zhang Mingyao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPolybutadiene grafted methyl methacrylate copolymer (PBL‐g‐MMA, MB) with core‐shell structure was prepared by emulsion polymerization. Without adding compatibilizers, PC/ABS composites were blended with polycarbonate (PC) and SAN. The effects of methacrylate butadiene (MB) on mechanical properties, flow properties, and thermal properties of PC/ABS composites were investigated. The results show that the addition of MB has obvious toughening effect on PC/ABS, effectively improving the mechanical properties and melt flow rate (MFR) of PC/ABS composites, and hence significantly improving the processability of PC/ABS composites. When the amount of MB is 12 phr, the notched impact strength of PC/ABS blend can reach up to 430 J/m. This is several times more than pure PC resin. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis results show that the compatibility of PC/ABS and the impact strength of PC/ABS blend are improved with the increase of MB dosage. With the increase of MB content, the softening temperature of Vicat first decreased and then increased. It increased with the increase of PC content.
Inception of vented water trees in high voltage XLPE cable insulation: Effect of inorganic contaminations inside the semiconductive material
Authors: Hårberg Sofie B. , Wenner Sigurd , Hvidsten Sverre , Einarsrud Mari‐Ann 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWet‐design AC subsea power cables are currently rated up to a maximum voltage of 72.5 kV. These high voltage (HV) cables are cost‐effective alternatives to subsea cables kept dry by a protective lead sheath and exhibit superior properties for dynamic applications. However, several vented water trees, degradation phenomena reducing the cable lifetime, are observed in a HV XLPE insulated cable subjected to wet aging in the laboratory. The water trees initiate from a smooth and clean XLPE insulation/semiconductive screen interface. In this paper, we show that voids in the range 15–150 μm are observed in the conductor screen, 50–320 μm from the water tree inception sites. Degradation of the semiconductive material is observed, in the form of porous regions that connect the voids to the water tree inception sites. NaCl impurities are detected on the void surfaces and in the porous regions. These features are proposed to be the pre‐requisites for the formation of the vented water trees observed in this type of cable. The mechanism responsible for the formation of the void and porous regions in the semiconductive cable screen is discussed based on the observations.
Optimizing the injection molding process for thermally and electrically conductive, carbon fiber and carbon nanotube‐reinforced poly(lactic acid) hybrid composites with enhanced mechanical properties
Authors: Virág Ábris Dávid , Tóth Csenge , Mészáros László , Juhász Zsolt , Bezerédi Ádám , Petrény Roland 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe produced poly(lactic acid) (PLA) matrix carbon fiber and carbon nanotube‐reinforced hybrid composites with enhanced thermal conductivity (0.48–0.59 W/mK) and electrical conductivity (0.35–0.97 S/cm). The conductive fillers greatly decreased the toughness, which was compensated with oligomeric lactic acid (OLA). Since fillers and plasticizers greatly alter the flow and thermal properties of the material as well, it was necessary to optimize several parameters of the injection molding process that were predetermined based on theoretical considerations. Based on oscillatory shear rheometry, we explored the rheological behavior of the materials in a wide temperature and shear rate range for the optimum injection molding temperatures, injection volume rates. We showed that by adding 15 wt% OLA as a plasticizer to the composites, the optimal processing temperature decreased by 45–135°C. This remarkable change illustrates the need for rheological studies of PLA compounds. The injection molded hybrid composites containing 5% oligomeric lactic had a tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and work of fracture higher by 41%, 10%, and 150%, respectively, compared to samples without OLA.