bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Book 12
Authors: Austin Emily P. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBook 11 ends with Patroclus tending Eurypylus’s wounds in the Achaean camp. Book 12 resumes the fighting, now focused intensely on the Trojan assault on the Achaean wall. The Achaeans are hard pressed, and much of book 12 depicts their defensive efforts. Sarpedon aids the Trojans in their assault and is the first to breach the wall; the book ends with Hector’s more spectacular breach and entry into the Achaean camp. This chapter discusses the following items under the category of themes: reversals, warrior catalogues, the heroic code, Zeus’s interventions and support, and fire imagery. It discusses the following items under the category of poetics: similes, counterfactuals, the “beyond fate” trope, prolepses, and narrative voice.
Book 14
Authors: Canevaro Lilah Grace 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIliad 14 opens with the Achaeans pushed back to their ships by the Trojan advance, their leaders injured and dispirited, and debating the best course of action. By the end of the book, however, the Achaeans have gained the upper hand, Hector is out of the fighting, and the Trojans have been put to flight. The tide of the battle is turned by divine intervention, as Hera distracts Zeus and Poseidon leads the Achaean advance. The central episode of the book is the deception of Zeus, known as the Dios apatē, in which Hera uses her wiles, Athena’s dress, Aphrodite’s belt, and Sleep’s sphere of influence to seduce Zeus and keep his attention away from the battle.
Book 15
Authors: Scodel Ruth 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBook 15 narrates how Zeus awakes and ends the interventions by Hera and Poseidon that have enabled the narrative retardation of Trojan victory. By the book’s end, despite the resistance of the Achaeans and the quasi-aristeia of Ajax, Hector is about to set fire to an Achaean ship. Thematically, this chapter treats the politics of the gods, the failures of mortals to understand their limits, and the characterization of Ajax. As for Homeric poetics, the chapter will examine the “insufficiency principle,” how the epic creates meaning through repetition with variation, and the epic’s handling of time.
Book 21
Authors: Stamatopoulou Zoe 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBook 21 continues the battle narrative of Achilles’s aristeia, which began in book 20 and will end with Hector’s death in book 22. Book 21 recounts the battle in and around the river Scamander, the river’s attack against Achilles, and the conflict among the gods that ensues; by the end of book 21, the Trojan army is taking refuge within the walls of Troy as Achilles is approaching the city. Under the category of themes, this chapter discusses battlefield supplications, corpse mutilation, genealogies embedded in battle speeches, Achilles’s mortality, divine conflict, and the disparity between mortals and immortals. Under the category of poetics, this chapter discusses prolepsis, analepsis, and epic retardation.
Book 24
Authors: Pratt Louise 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBook 24 features Priam’s successful effort to ransom back the corpse of Hector from Achilles. This chapter discusses the following items under the category of themes: sleeplessness, fasting, self-defilement, anger, and other manifestations of grief; the feast of Achilles and Priam and other rituals that restore normality; the emotion of pity (eleos) and the expression of care (kēdos); the parent-child relationship; and events important to the origin and end of Troy and the Trojan War mentioned in book 24, particularly the judgment of Paris. It discusses the following under the category of poetics: structure and closure; cleansing and purification (katharsis); and the laments of Andromache, Hecuba, and Helen.
Risky Business
Authors: Pugh Jonathan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The insurance industry relies on incomplete predictive information to try and identify high risk and low risk clients. In some cases, those who are low risk end up subsidising those who are high risk. But as AI develops, and we become better at predicting outcomes, there is a danger that those who are high risk may not be able to access affordable insurance. Will AI allow for a fair highly personalized insurance market, or might it instead threaten the existence of the industry as we currently know it?
The Perfect Politician
Authors: Lechterman Theodore M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Ideas for integrating AI into politics are now emerging and advancing at accelerating pace. This chapter highlights a few different varieties and shows how they reflect different assumptions about the value of democracy. We cannot make informed decisions about which, if any, proposals to pursue without further reflection on what makes democracy valuable and how current conditions fail to fully realize it. Recent advances in political philosophy provide some guidance but leave important questions open. If AI advances to a state where it can secure superior political outcomes, leading perspectives in political philosophy suggest that democracy may become obsolete. If we find this suggestion troubling, we need to put the case for democracy on stronger foundations.
Do AI Systems Allow Online Advertisers to Control Others?
Authors: Marco Gabriel De , Douglas Tom 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Subliminal advertising seems ethically problematic. Providing accurate, balanced information about a product seems ethically OK. But in between these two extremes there is an expanse of grey area. At what point does the influence exerted by advertisers, governments, and others become concerning? And does the advent of artificial intelligence increase the risk of such influence? These questions are explored through the case of AI-based microtargeted advertisements.
Should You Let AI Tell You Who You Are and What You Should Do?
Authors: Leuenberger Muriel 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
AI generates profiles and recommendations for us based on information from all sorts of trackers. But should we listen to AI when it tells us who we are and what we should do? The author suggests that even if we could trust AI, this would come at a cost. We might fail the moral demand to create ourselves and take responsibility for who we are. AI can also fix our interests by sending us suggestions for the same type of meetings, books, films, etc. Ultimately, we might lose skills for self-creation.
A more demanding approach to suppletion
Authors: Kayne Richard S. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In all cases of suppletion, one needs to ask why the unavailable expected form is not well-formed, and one needs to look for an answer that is independent of the existence of the unexpected form. In a number of cases, or in perhaps all cases, suppletion can be seen to involve, not direct competition between two forms, but instead two structures that differ in that (at least) one contains a silent element lacking in the other.
The syntax of Romance clitics and selective clitic climbing
Authors: Benincà Paola , Cinque Guglielmo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
While the primary goal of this article is to discuss a number of parametric differences in the syntax of clitic climbing (Section 12.2), we preliminarily lay out in Section 12.1 what we tentatively take the syntax of Romance clitics to be. In the final appendix we also suggest that the different orders of clitics in different closely related varieties cannot be directly derived via movement from the canonical Merge position of the corresponding full complements (as the latter are arguably merged in the same structural positions in all varieties while the order of clitics varies substantially among the different varieties).
The Latin passive morpheme /-r/ and its morphosyntactic similarity with Romance si
Authors: Calabrese Andrea 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Latin synthetic passive forms display a suffixal /-r/ that is added to the AGR endings (cf. am-ā-t vs. am-ā-t-[u]-r ‘love-pres-3sg-act/pass’ (cf. Meillet 1964, Ernout and Thomas 1951/1972, Weiss 2009). The positioning of this voice morpheme to the periphery of AGR violates the basic generalizations on the positioning of verbal functional elements, according to which Voice should have a very low position in the extended projection of the verb close to v0 and probably lower than Asp0 (Cinque 1999, Zyman and Kalivoda 2020). In this chapter, I will propose an analysis of this positioning based on the close similarity between the morpho-syntactic distribution of the Latin passive morpheme /-r/ and the Romance clitic si in terms of Schäfer’s (2008) analysis of si-constructions in Romance and Distributed Morphology (Halle and Marantz 1993).
Merger Control and Theories of Harm on Data Privacy as a Non-Price Parameter
Authors: Esayas Samson Y. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores how data privacy fits into competition analysis as a non-price competition parameter in the context of merger control. The chapter critically analyses three theories of harm for incorporating privacy as a non-price competition parameter: privacy-as-a-quality, consumer choice, and maverick-firm theories. These theories help explain situations in which a merger may reduce the level of privacy and trigger intervention from competition law. First, the chapter explores how reductions in data privacy could be incorporated as a quality parameter, including what constitutes a reduction in privacy as a quality and how a merger could lead to such a reduction. Next, it examines the prospects and challenges of incorporating data privacy into competition analysis as part of consumer choice theory, which treats variety as the ultimate policy goal for competition law. Finally, the chapter discusses the maverick-firm theory, which focuses on the elimination of a firm that plays a disruptive role in the market. Drawing lessons from the literature on disruptive innovation, the analysis outlines a framework for applying the maverick-firm theory to factor privacy in merger assessment. The discussion surrounding the different theories of harm, particularly the consumer choice and maverick theories, usefully dovetails with the calls for a complexity-orientated antitrust law, which focuses on fostering diversity, introducing a degree of uncertainty into markets, and curbing the power of dominant digital players in shaping the trajectories of innovation to their own advantage.
Governing Natural Resources in the Age of Strategic Competition
Authors: Nem Singh Jewellord T. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter introduces the background and context of the book, its key arguments, the rationale for a comparative approach, and the presentation of the chapters. It opens with a discussion of emerging supply chains in renewable energy capitalism linking the critical minerals sector with emerging industries in the 21st century. The worldwide shift towards clean energy technologies sets the pace for new strategic competition among industrialized countries, and this shift is likely to determine the future configuration of global power politics. The book presents the view from resource-intensive countries in Latin America and beyond. Challenging resource curse arguments, the book claims that natural resources and industrial development can go hand in hand. It considers the persistence of state ownership as a development strategy as an anomaly, before presenting the book’s key arguments: first, we need to better understand historical antecedents as a precondition to why states seem to maintain SOEs rather than privatize them; and second, the choice of states to pursue a developmental role for SOEs in the era of economic globalization requires a closer analysis of the reforms implemented in SOEs’ organizational structures and a new way to assess SOE performance.
The Dark Side of Statius' Achilleid
Authors: Abad Del Vecchio Julene 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The Dark Side of Statius’ Achilleid explores systematically and for the first time the darker aspects of Statius’ Achilleid, bringing to light the poem’s tragic and epic dimensions. By seeking to position centre-stage these darker elements, the book offers several new readings of the Achilleid in relation to its literary inheritance, its gender dynamics, and its generic tensions. Beneath the surface of a story that ostensibly deals with a lighter subject matter, the cross-dressing of a young Achilles on Scyros, the volume examines in depth the poem’s relationship to its epic and tragic precursors, and explores more serious themes: challenges to traditional epic narratives, Achilles’ complex familial relationships, his deviant and transgressive heroism, the tragic character of Thetis, and frequent glimpses of the horrors that a cataclysmic Trojan War, looming around the corner, will beget. By looking into Statius’ wide-ranging dialogue with his literary predecessors, such as Homer, Sophocles, Virgil, Ovid, Lucan, and Seneca, as well as Statius’ previous epic magnum opus, the Thebaid, the book investigates the multidimensional characterizations of Achilles and other of the poem’s key characters such as Ulysses, Calchas, and Thetis. Far from simply representing a shameful but essentially humorous cross-dressing episode in Achilles’ life destined to be forgotten, the Achilleid will be seen to challenge the very fabric of epic by probing the validity and authority of its literary tradition, as well as putting on view once again its highly innovative and experimental nature.
Shifting the Deckchairs
Authors: Cooper Christopher , Elston Thomas , Bilous Anna 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Scholars regard the delegation of contentious or failure-prone tasks to semi-autonomous bureaucracies (or ‘quangos’), and salient examples of officials in these organizations ‘taking the flack’ for ministers, as proof of the so-called ‘agency strategy’ of blame management. But how can we explain cases of administrative re-centralization, in which quangos are abolished and high-risk functions returned to ministerial control? Focusing on the UK government’s ‘public bodies’ reforms initiated in 2010, and the re-centralization of immigration, legal aid, and child maintenance functions in particular, this chapter investigates this inconsistency between blame theory and empirical bureaucratic reform by comparing blame-management strategies prior to and following the loss of each quango. It focuses on a single blame forum (independent value-for-money audits) and draws on quantitative and qualitative comparisons over the decade 2005–2015. It finds that politicians cope with the loss of the quango scapegoat by, in part, switching to ‘problem-denial’ tactics of blame management.
‘Everyone’s Quick to Blame the Alien’
Authors: Consterdine Erica 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Blame games are ubiquitous in immigration politics; they are distinctive to other political areas because officeholders attempt, and often succeed, to avoid blame by blaming migrants. As immigration is a wicked issue, there are multiple potential problem definitions of why immigration is a problem, and which migrants are the problem. Immigrants are then blamed for all of the nation’s problems, and this blame game is more than just politicking; it has policy feedback effects. However, as demonstrated through two case studies of immigration controversies in Sweden and the UK, the extent to which migrant blame is successfully mobilized is conditional on whether the target migrant group is perceived as blameless or blameworthy. The chapter demonstrates how problem definition is critical in blame games, how migrant blame cascades are mobilized where frames utilized to avoid blame become institutionalized in political debates, and how framings of blameworthiness dictate migrant blame.
Rethinking the Politics of Blame Avoidance under Populism
Authors: Andrews Leighton 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis chapter argues that while the UK response to COVID may be analysed using the standard models of the blame-avoidance literature, the specific nature of the COVID response under a populist government needs a more critical engagement to draw out the specific approaches of populism, which itself is a strategy of blaming. This requires a stronger focus on the strategic action and intent of the government as it seeks to achieve a state of post-pandemic ‘blame decay’. Drawing on learning from Journalism Studies, the chapter identifies strategic populist approaches of lying, bullshit, boosterism, and scapegoating and suggests a revision of the blame-avoidance typology to accommodate the populist responses.
Creation beyond Creativity
Authors: Ingold Tim 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
For the past two millennia, debates around creation and creativity have turned around the question of whether it is possible to create something from nothing, or whether creativity necessarily involves the recombination of elements already to hand. These debates divided theologians and philosophers from classical through medieval times. Following the Renaissance, however, and in the subsequent rise of modern science, creation came to be strongly associated with the recombinant power of intelligent design. This chapter charts how, from the mid-twentieth century, this association went on to underpin the burgeoning field of creativity research in psychology, leading to an exclusive focus on the novelty of ideas and products that left no room for the creativeness of life itself, in its intrinsic potential for renewal. Drawing on the thinking of John Dewey, Henri Bergson, and Alfred North Whitehead, on questions of philosophy, religion, and art, the chapter elaborates on the distinction between novelty and newness, and makes a plea for the restoration of the idea of creation not as the proliferation of ends but as the promise of perpetual beginning.
Collaborating Using Digital Technologies
Authors: Garud Raghu , Kumaraswamy Arun , Tuertscher Philipp 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Digital technologies are ushering in fundamental changes in the ways we work. One such change is the possibility of collaboration among actors who are not co-located. Indeed, digital technologies can serve as platforms for groups of actors from different time zones, cultures, and practice domains to engage with one another to accomplish complex tasks, even in the absence of a hierarchy. This chapter explores how digital technologies can facilitate asynchronous, distributed collaboration among actors by studying the emergence of articles on Wikipedia. It finds that the wiki digital technology automatically creates a multi-layered digital trace of who contributed what, the discussions that unfolded, and the emergent outcomes of collaboration over time. A central finding from this study is that this multi-layered digital trace in-use serves as a generative memory that shapes but does not determine the emergent outcomes of such collaboration.
The Machinery of Law
Authors: Green Duncan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter argues that the state sees the world, learns, and evolves at least partly through the machinery of law. Beyond the set of rules enforced by litigation, the police, and the courts, the law also has a broader role: it encapsulates what we expect of our society and at the same time contributes to delivering on that expectation. To that end, the chapter examines two forms of law and how they might be used to implement change. In contrast to formal legal systems, ‘customary law’ is a community-level justice system not codified by the state, deriving its legitimacy from local mores, values, and traditions. The chapter also looks at how power is wielded in international law and how activists can use the different legal systems to promote progressive change.
Transnational Corporations as Drivers and Targets of Change
Authors: Green Duncan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on transnational corporations (TNCs), not only as economic heavyweights, but also as influential players in political and social change. It traces the origins of the modern TNC to the East India Company, which was established in 1600 and grew to become a trading empire that encircled the globe. The chapter next looks at the ways in which TNCs drive change, arguing that they do so both through their normal business operations and through their behaviour as political players. The world of TNCs is seething with expressions of power, hidden in their political connections and invisible in the extraordinary influence on consumers exerted by brands and the values they claim to embody, as well as the apparently mesmerizing authority of giant corporations in the eyes of policy makers. With this in mind, the chapter also discusses the ways in which activists can in turn influence TNCs, for example the pharmaceutical industry over access to medicines for Covid-19 and HIV/AIDS.
Citizen Activism and Civil Society
Authors: Green Duncan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter contains a more in-depth discussion of who citizen activists are, how they pursue change, and what outsiders can do to help. Citizen activism is considered as any individual action with social consequences, and much of it involves collective activity. In recent years, this type of activity has grown exponentially across the developing world, and is driven by several factors: rapid increases in literacy and access to education (particularly for women), a greater openness to political activity, and the spread of new norms regarding rights and justice, as well as shocks like the Covid-19 pandemic. Technology is also a factor, most recently through the spread of social media and mobile telephones, which greatly expand the possibilities of networking among large groups, both to pursue self-help strategies and to influence the state. However, government assaults on ‘civic space’ are rapidly curtailing these possibilities. Outside support can help, but only if it understands the systems in which civil society is operating and genuinely shifts power and resources to local actors.
Conclusion
Authors: Wentker Alexander 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Based on an analysis of the legal position of parties to an armed conflict within the international legal system, the book has developed an account of the legal framework for identifying parties. This analysis of party status enhances our understanding of the architecture of the international legal regulation of armed conflict and its ability to respond to the complex realities of contemporary armed conflicts. In practical terms, the framework proposed in the book may serve as an analytical roadmap in actual conflict settings. Overall, the account of party status presented in this book reveals often overlooked ways in which the established structures of this body of law enable addressing challenges to the effective protection of individuals that are raised by increasingly widespread and varied patterns of cooperation. Even as the international regulation of individuals and third parties in armed conflict develops further, a clear understanding of the status of parties still has much to offer.
Realism, Relativism, and Reference
Authors: Loewer Barry 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
There is a worry that the BSA and even more so the PDA may be incompatible with scientific realism and metaphysical realism and, worse, be committed to what Lewis calls “ratbag idealism.” The worry is due to the fact that both accounts say that laws and, in the case of PDA, fundamental ontology/properties and space-time, depend in part on what systems best satisfy criteria fashioned by human scientific practice. This seems to make the BSA and PDA incompatible with realism. This chapter argues that the PDA is compatible with scientific realism and that, although it makes laws, space-time and fundamental ontology, and properties partly dependent on scientific practice, this poses no problem for defensible metaphysical realism. The chapter also discusses Lewis’s argument that perfectly natural properties are needed to defend realism from Putnam’s Paradox.