bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fractional CO2 Laser for Burn Scars: A Comparison of Patient-Reported Outcomes Between Those With and Without Laser Treatment
Authors: Abouzeid Cailin , Friedstat Jonathan , Goldstein Richard , Chacon Kaitlyn L , Mehta Anupama , Sheridan Robert L , Schulz John T , Kazis Lewis , Goverman Jeremy , Ryan Colleen M , Schneider Jeffrey C 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Burn reconstruction outcomes are an area of growing investigation. Although there is evidence of measured physical improvements in scar characteristics after laser treatment, there is little information on patient-reported outcomes. The purpose of this study is to compare patient-reported outcomes between burn survivors with and without laser treatment. The study included participants in the Burn Model System National Database at a single center; participants that received outpatient laser treatment for burn scars were compared to a matched group of burn survivors that did not receive laser. The following outcomes were examined: Satisfaction With Life Scale, Mental and Physical Component Summary of the Veterans Rand Survey, and the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Pain Intensity Scale. Regression analyses examined the associations between laser treatment and each outcome at 12 and 24 months. The study population included 287 adult burn survivors (65 laser group and 222 control group). The significant differences found between the 2 groups included: burn size (laser: 14.9, 13.5 SD, control: 8.9, 11.1 SD; P &lt; .001), insurance type (P = .036), inhalation injury (laser: 17.2%, control: 2.7%; P &lt; .001), and ventilator requirement (laser: 27.7%, control: 13.5%; P = .013). Laser treatment was not associated with any of the outcomes at both follow-up time points. Further research is needed to develop patient-reported outcome measures that are more sensitive to the clinical changes experienced by burn survivors receiving laser treatment.
Cultured Skin in the Modern Era and the Impact of Infrastructure Volatility on Learning Curves: A 33-Year Institutional Review
Authors: Lagziel Tomer , Kawaji Qingwen , Ku Ying , Rostami Sohayla , Martinez Stephanie L , Cox Carrie A , Werthman Emily , Caffrey Julie , Hultman Charles S 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Finding a perfect epidermal transplant remains a holy grail of burn surgery. The epidermis is a site of stem cells that allows for epithelial regeneration. The use of cultured epithelial autografts (CEA) for the treatment of major burns was first reported in 1981. CEA requires specialized skills; thus, reports from different burn centers have shown mixed results. Comparing our modern data with past data shows how this field has advanced while maintaining institutional control. We performed a retrospective analysis of all patients admitted between January 1, 1988 and December 31, 2021 for massive burns that were managed with CEA. Patients were divided into pre-defined groups: G1 (early-era) = 1988–1999, G2 (pre-modern-era) = 2000–2010, and G3 (modern-era) = 2011–2021. We compared demographics, %TBSA, presence of inhalation-injury, length of hospital stay (LOS), complications, and mortality.
We treated 52 patients with CEA during the study period. In the modern-era, we found 11 patients; in the pre-modern-era, 10; and in the early-era, 31. Injury characteristics, including %TBSA and the presence of inhalation-injury, were not significantly different between the groups. We observed lower mortality rates in G1 and G3 (G1:20% vs. G2:42% vs. G3:27%, P &lt; 0.05), although the predicted mortality was not significantly different between the groups (G1:50% vs. G2:47% vs. G3:49%, NS). Patients in G1 also had a shorter hospital LOS, in days, (G1:90 vs. G2:127 vs. G3:205, P &lt; 0.05). Finally, the surface-area grafted per patient was the highest in G2 (G1:2,000cm2 vs. G2:4,187cm2 vs. G3:4,090cm2, P &lt; 0.01). CEA has not gained popularity despite proven positive outcomes. Our retrospective analysis showed that CEA should be considered as a treatment option for patients with large burns, given proper training and infrastructure.
Women in Radiology: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Seely Jean M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Improving the status of women in radiology is crucial to better work environments. There is strong evidence in the business world that women leaders improve the workplace by making it more financially viable and by increasing collaboration, job satisfaction, and engagement. Diverse leadership fosters innovation, and women approach problem-solving with unique insights and collaborative styles. Gender diversity in leadership correlates with improved patient outcomes because women leaders prioritize patient-centered care and communication. Women create sustainable, productive work and improve radiology. Women serve as powerful role models, inspiring the next generation of women in radiology and addressing gender disparities. Increasing women leaders in radiology is essential to increase the number of women in radiology. This article summarizes many challenges women face when taking leadership roles: organizational biases prioritizing male viewpoints and marginalizing women’s voices and contributions, a lack of role models, a lack of time (“second shift”), a lack of confidence, a lack of interest or perceived benefit, a lack of support, burnout, and previous poor experiences. While systemic issues are difficult to overcome, this article assists in the training and development of women radiologists by offering strategies to enhance job satisfaction and bring new and valuable perspectives to leadership.
Magnetic fields in star-forming environments: how does field strength affect gas on spiral arm and cloud scales?
Authors: Herrington Nicholas P , Dobbs Clare L , Bending Thomas J R 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
We investigate star formation from subpc to kpc scales with magnetohydrodynamic models of a cloud structure and a section of galactic spiral arm. We aim to understand how magnetic fields affect star formation and cloud formation, and how feedback couples with magnetic fields on scales of clouds and clumps. We find that magnetic fields overall suppress star formation by ${\sim}$10 per cent with a weak field (5 $\mu$G) and ${\sim} 50$ per cent with a stronger field (50 $\mu$G). Cluster masses are reduced by about 40 per cent with a strong field but show little change with a weak field. We find that clouds tend to be aligned parallel to the field with a weak field and become perpendicularly aligned with a stronger field, whereas on clump scales the alignment is more random. The magnetic fields and densities of clouds and clumps in our models agree with the Zeeman measurements of the Crutcher relation $B\!-\!\rho$ in the weaker field models, while the strongest field models show a relation that is too flat compared to the observations. In all our models, we find that both subcritical and supercritical clouds and clumps are present. We also find that if using a line-of-sight (1D) measure of the magnetic field to determine the critical parameter, the magnetic field, and thereby also criticality, can vary by a factor of 3–4 depending on whether the direction the field is measured along corresponds to the direction of the ordered component of the magnetic field.
A population of mid-infrared large-amplitude variable young stellar objects from unTimely
Authors: Li Jiaxun , Wang Tinggui 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Utilizing a decade-long unTimely data set, supplemented by multiband data from archives, we search for young stellar objects (YSOs) with variations larger than one magnitude in W1 band within a region of 110 square degrees in the Galactic plane, covered by VISTA Variables in the Via Lactea. A total of 641 candidate YSOs have been identified. We classified them into bursts, dips, faders, seculars, and irregulars. Within the burst category, 18 sources were identified as FUor candidates and 1 as an EXor candidate. Irregulars are the most prevalent in the sample. In both bursts and faders, the redder sources tend to show a pattern of bluer when brighter, whereas the bluer sources display the opposite trend, possibly related to the accretion structure of YSOs at different stages. Finally, we obtained the recurrence time-scale for FUor eruptions at various stages of YSO evolution. Our findings indicate that younger YSOs generally experience more frequent eruptions compared to older ones.
Hemispheric analysis of the magnetic flux in regular and irregular solar active regions
Authors: Zhukova A 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Studying the hemispheric distribution of active regions (ARs) with different magnetic morphologies may clarify the features of the dynamo process that is hidden under the photospheric level. The magnetic flux data for 3047 ARs from the CrAO catalogue (https://sun.crao.ru/databases/catalog-mmc-ars), between May 1996 and December 2021 (cycles 23 and 24) were used to study ARs cyclic variations and perform correlation analysis. According to the magneto-morphological classification (MMC) of ARs proposed earlier, subsets of the regular (obeying empirical rules for sunspots) and irregular (violating these rules) ARs were considered separately. Our analysis shows the following: For ARs of each MMC type, in each of the hemispheres, time profiles demonstrate a multipeak structure. The double-peak structure of a cycle is formed by ARs of both MMC types in both hemispheres. For the irregular ARs, the pronounced peaks occur in the second maxima (close to the polar field reversal). Their significant hemispheric imbalance might be caused by a weakening of the toroidal field in one of the hemispheres due to the interaction between the dipolar and quadrupolar components of the global field, which facilitates the manifestation of the turbulent component of the dynamo. The similarity of the irregular ARs activity that was found in adjacent cycles in different hemispheres also hints at realization of the mix-parity dynamo solution. For the quadrupolar-like component of the flux (compiled in the simple axisymmetric approximation), signs of oscillations with a period of about 15 years are found, and they are pronounced specifically for the irregular groups. This MMC type ARs might also contribute in $\alpha$-quenching.
Lyα emission as a sensitive probe of feedback-regulated LyC escape from dwarf galaxies
Authors: Yuan Yuxuan , Martin-Alvarez Sergio , Haehnelt Martin G , Garel Thibault , Sijacki Debora 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Lyα emission is an exceptionally informative tracer of the life cycle of evolving galaxies and the escape of ionizing photons. However, theoretical studies of Lyα emission are often limited by insufficient numerical resolution, incomplete sets of physical models, and poor line-of-sight (LOS) statistics. To overcome such limitations, we utilize here the novel pandora suite of high-resolution dwarf galaxy simulations that include a comprehensive set of state-of-the-art physical models for ionizing radiation, magnetic fields, supernova feedback, and cosmic rays. We post-process the simulations with the radiative transfer code rascas to generate synthetic observations and compare to the observed properties of Lyα emitters. Our simulated Lyα haloes are more extended than the spatial region from which the intrinsic emission emanates, and our spatially resolved maps of spectral parameters of the Lyα emission are very sensitive to the underlying spatial distribution and kinematics of neutral hydrogen. Lyα and LyC emissions display strongly varying signatures along different LOS depending on how each LOS intersects low-density channels generated by stellar feedback. Comparing galaxies simulated with different physics, we find the Lyα signatures to exhibit systematic offsets determined by the different levels of feedback strength and the clumpiness of the neutral gas. Despite this variance, and regardless of the different physics included in each model, we find universal correlations between Lyα observables and LyC escape fraction, demonstrating a robust connection between Lyα and LyC emission. Lyα observations from a large sample of dwarf galaxies should thus give strong constraints on their stellar feedback-regulated LyC escape and confirm their important role for the re-ionization of the Universe.
Gas conditions of a star-formation selected sample in the first billion years
Authors: Bakx Tom J L C , Algera Hiddo S B , Venemans Bram , Sommovigo Laura , Fujimoto Seiji , Carniani Stefano , Hagimoto Masato , Hashimoto Takuya , Inoue Akio K , Salak Dragan , Serjeant Stephen , Vallini Livia , Eales Stephen , Ferrara Andrea , Fudamoto Yoshinobu , Imamura Chihiro , Inoue Shigeki , Knudsen Kirsten K , Matsuo Hiroshi , Sugahara Yuma , Tamura Yoichi , Taniguchi Akio , Yamanaka Satoshi 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
We present Atacama Large Millimetre/submillimetre Array (ALMA) observations of the [O iii] 88 $\mu {\rm m}$ emission of a sample of thirteen galaxies at $z = 6$ to 7.6 selected as [C ii]-emitting companion sources of quasars. To disentangle the origins of the luminous Oxygen line in the $z\, \gt\, 6$ Universe, we looked at emission-line galaxies that are selected through an excellent star-formation tracer [C ii] with star-formation rates between 9 and 162 $\rm {\rm M}_{\odot }\,yr^{-1}$. Direct observations reveal [O iii] emission in just a single galaxy ($L_\mathrm{[O\, {\small III}]}/L_\mathrm{[C\, {\small II}]}$$\, = 2.3$), and a stacked image shows no [O iii] detection, providing deep upper limits on the $L_\mathrm{[O\, {\small III}]}/L_\mathrm{[C\, {\small II}]}$ ratios in the $z \gt 6$ Universe ($L_\mathrm{[O\, {\small III}]}/L_\mathrm{[C\, {\small II}]}$$\, \lt 1.2$ at $3 \sigma$). While the fidelity of this sample is high, no obvious optical/near-infrared counterpart is seen in the JWST imaging available for four galaxies. Additionally accounting for low-z CO emitters, line stacking shows that our sample-wide result remains robust: The enhanced $L_\mathrm{[O\, {\small III}]}/L_\mathrm{[C\, {\small II}]}$ reported in the first billion years of the Universe is likely due to the selection towards bright, blue Lyman-break galaxies with high surface star-formation rates or young stellar populations. The deep upper limit on the rest-frame 90 μm continuum emission ($\lt 141 \mu$Jy at $3 \sigma$), implies a low average dust temperature ($T_\mathrm{dust} \lesssim 30\,$ K) and high-dust mass ($M_\mathrm{dust} \sim 10^8\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$). As more normal galaxies are explored in the early Universe, synergy between JWST and ALMA is fundamental to further investigate the ISM properties of the a broad range of samples of high-z galaxies.
Insights into the performance of PREDICT tool in a large Mainland Chinese breast cancer cohort: a comparative analysis of versions 3.0 and 2.2
Authors: Chen Endong , Chen Chen , Chen Yingying , You Jie , Jin Chun , Huang Zhenxuan , Zhang Jiayi , Wang Qingxuan , Cai Yefeng , Hu Xiaoqu , Li Quan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
PREDICT is a web-based tool for forecasting breast cancer outcomes. PREDICT version 3.0 was recently released. This study aimed to validate this tool for a large population in mainland China and compare v3.0 with v2.2.

Methods
Women who underwent surgery for nonmetastatic primary invasive breast cancer between 2010 and 2020 from the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University were selected. Predicted and observed 5-year overall survival (OS) for both v3.0 and v2.2 were compared. Discrimination was compared using receiver-operator curves and DeLong test. Calibration was evaluated using calibration plots and chi-squared test. A difference greater than 5% was deemed clinically relevant.

Results
A total of 5424 patients were included, with median follow-up time of 58 months (IQR 38-89 months). Compared to v2.2, v3.0 did not show improved discriminatory accuracy for 5-year OS (AUC: 0.756 vs 0.771), same as ER-positive and ER-negative patients. However, calibration was significantly improved in v3.0, with predicted 5-year OS deviated from observed by −2.0% for the entire cohort, −2.9% for ER-positive and −0.0% for ER-negative patients, compared to −7.3%, −4.7% and −13.7% in v2.2. In v3.0, 5-year OS was underestimated by 9.0% for patients older than 75 years, and 5.8% for patients with micrometastases. Patients with distant metastases postdiagnosis was overestimated by 10.6%.

Conclusions
PREDICT v3.0 reliably predicts 5-year OS for the majority of Chinese patients with breast cancer. PREDICT v3.0 significantly improved the predictive accuracy for ER-negative groups. Furthermore, caution is advised when interpreting 5-year OS for patients aged over 70, those with micrometastases or metastases postdiagnosis.
The transcription factor MhZAT10 enhances antioxidant capacity by directly activating the antioxidant genes MhMSD1, MhAPX3a and MhCAT1 in apple rootstock SH6 (Malus honanensis × M. domestica)
Authors: Yang Qian , Liu Yan , Zhou Jia , Li Min-Ji , Yang Yu-Zhang , Wei Qin-Ping , Zhang Jun-Ke , Li Xing-Liang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Stress tolerance in apple (Malus domestica) can be improved by grafting to a stress-tolerant rootstock, such as ‘SH6’ (Malus honanensis × M. domestica ‘Ralls Genet’). However, the mechanisms of stress tolerance in this rootstock are unclear. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the transcription factor ZINC FINGER OF ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA 10 is a key component of plant tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses and positively regulates antioxidant enzymes. However, how reactive oxygen species are eliminated upon activation of ZINC FINGER OF ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA 10 in response to abiotic stress remains elusive. Here, we report that MhZAT10 in the rootstock SH6 directly activates the transcription of three genes encoding the antioxidant enzymes MANGANESE SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE 1 (MhMSD1), ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE 3A (MhAPX3a) and CATALASE 1 (MhCAT1) by binding to their promoters. Heterologous expression in Arabidopsis protoplasts showed that MhMSD1, MhAPX3a and MhCAT1 localize in multiple subcellular compartments. Overexpressing MhMSD1, MhAPX3a or MhCAT1 in SH6 fruit calli resulted in higher superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and catalase enzyme activities in their respective overexpressing calli than in those overexpressing MhZAT10. Notably, the calli overexpressing MhZAT10 exhibited better growth and lower reactive oxygen species levels under simulated osmotic stress. Apple SH6 plants overexpressing MhZAT10 in their roots via Agrobacterium rhizogenes–mediated transformation also showed enhanced tolerance to osmotic stress, with higher leaf photosynthetic capacity, relative water content in roots and antioxidant enzyme activity, as well as less reactive oxygen species accumulation. Overall, our study demonstrates that the transcription factor MhZAT10 synergistically regulates the transcription of multiple antioxidant-related genes and elevates reactive oxygen species detoxification.
Discrimination in the Workplace Linked to Psychological Distress
Authors: Keller Elizabeth , Guardiano Megan , Li Jian 
Published: June 2024

Objective
This study aimed to explore the relationship between workplace discrimination and psychological distress across 9 years using data from the Midlife in the Unites States study.

Methods
Workplace discrimination was measured with a validated six-item scale at baseline with three categories (low, intermediate, and high), and psychological distress was measured with the Kessler 6 scale at baseline and follow-up. In total, 1,546 workers were analyzed by linear regression.

Results
High levels of workplace discrimination were significantly associated with increased psychological distress at follow-up (crude β = 0.633; 95% CI, 0.307–0.959). After adjusting for demographic factors, socioeconomic status, and health-related behaviors, associations were slightly attenuated (fully adjusted β = 0.447; 95% CI, 0.115–0.780).

Conclusions
High workplace discrimination was longitudinally associated with higher levels of psychological distress. Organizations should actively prevent discrimination, which may improve workers' mental health consequently.
The Emerging Future of Mobile Audiometry: A Prospective Validation Study of the Mimi Hearing Test Application
Authors: Moazzami Chloé , Gagnon Carolanne , Bertrand Léo , Saliba Issam , Saliba Joe 
Published: June 2024

Objective
The objective of this study is to assess the accuracy of the Mimi Hearing Test (MHT) mobile application in the detection of air conduction (AC) thresholds and in screening for moderate hearing loss.

Study Design
Prospective clinical study.

Setting
Tertiary care center.

Patients
Participants with or without a varying degree of hearing loss, aged 18 years and over, without cognitive impairment and without active otorrhea or earwax impaction at the time of the hearing assessment were included.

Intervention
Subjects with a ranging severity of hearing loss underwent a conventional in-booth audiogram as well as mobile-based screening with MHT in a quiet room (45.5 dB background noise) on the same day. Both regular over-the-ear and noise-canceling headphones were tested with MHT.

Main Outcome Measures
Comparisons of AC thresholds between conventional audiometry and mobile-based audiometry at discrete frequencies and with pure-tone averages (PTA) were performed.

Results
A total of 75 adults (mean age: 56.2 yr, 54.7% male) were recruited and 63 used for analysis. Of the thresholds measured with MHT using regular headphones, 44.0% were within 10 dB of the conventional audiogram, compared to 39.3% using noise-canceling headphones. MHT demonstrated best accuracy at high frequencies (4–8 kHz). When screening for moderate hearing loss (PTA >40 dB HL), MHT demonstrated a sensitivity and specificity of 100.0% and 80.2%, respectively.

Conclusions
MHT is reliable for identifying moderate hearing loss but lacks precision in detecting thresholds at low frequencies. Noise canceling headphones seem to improve its precision at 4,000 Hz only.
The pathogenicity ofPSEN2variants is tied to Aβ production and homology toPSEN1
Authors: Liu Lei , Schultz Stephanie A. , Saba Adriana , Yang Hyun-Sik , Li Amy , Selkoe Dennis J. , Chhatwal Jasmeer P. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTINTRODUCTIONThough recognized as a potential cause of Autosomal Dominant Alzheimer’s Disease, the pathogenicity of manyPSEN2variants remains uncertain. We compared Aβ production across all missensePSEN2variants in the Alzforum database and, when possible, to correspondingPSEN1variants.METHODSWe expressed 74PSEN2variants, 21 of which had homologousPSEN1variants with the same amino acid substitution, in HEK293 cells lacking PSN1/2. Aβ production was compared to age at symptom onset (AAO) and between homologousPSEN1/2variants.RESULTSAβ42/40 and Aβ37/42 ratios were associated with AAO acrossPSEN2variants, strongly driven byPSEN2variants withPSEN1homologs.PSEN2AAO was 18.3 years later compared toPSEN1homologs. Aβ ratios fromPSEN1/2homologs were highly correlated, suggesting a similar mechanism of γ-secretase dysfunction.DISCUSSIONThe existence of aPSEN1homolog and patterns of Aβ production are important considerations in assessing the pathogenicity of previously-reported and newPSEN2variants.