bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intake of total and added sugars and nutrient dilution in Australian children and adolescents
Authors: Louie Jimmy Chun Yu , Tapsell Linda C. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis analysis aimed to examine the association between intake of sugars (total or added) and nutrient intake with data from a recent Australian national nutrition survey, the 2007 Australian National Children’s Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (2007ANCNPAS). Data from participants (n4140; 51 % male) who provided 2×plausible 24-h recalls were included in the analysis. The values on added sugars for foods were estimated using a previously published ten-step systematic methodology. Reported intakes of nutrients and foods defined in the 2007ANCNPAS were analysed by age- and sex-specific quintiles of %energy from added sugars (%EAS) or %energy from total sugars (%ETS) using ANCOVA. Linear trends across the quintiles were examined using multiple linear regression. Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the OR of not meeting a specified nutrient reference values for Australia and New Zealand per unit in %EAS or %ETS. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, BMIz-score and total energy intake. Small but significant negative associations were seen between %EAS and the intakes of most nutrient intakes (allP<0·001). For %ETS the associations with nutrient intakes were inconsistent; even then they were smaller than that for %EAS. In general, higher intakes of added sugars were associated with lower intakes of most nutrient-rich, ‘core’ food groups and higher intakes of energy-dense, nutrient-poor ‘extra’ foods. In conclusion, assessing intakes of added sugars may be a better approach for addressing issues of diet quality compared with intakes of total sugars.
ARCHEDEMUS
Authors: Hooper Thomas 
Published: September 2015

Ἀϱχέδημος ὁ τοῦ δήμου τότε πϱοεστηκὼς ἐν Ἀθήναις καὶ τῆς διωβελίας ἐπιμελόμενος Ἐϱασινίδῃ ἐπιβολὴν ἐπιβαλὼν κατηγόϱει ἐν δικαστηϱίῳ, ϕάσκων ἐξ Ἑλλησπόντου αὐτὸν ἔχειν χϱήματα ὄντα τοῦ δήμου· κατηγόϱει δὲ καὶ πεϱὶ τῆς στϱατηγίας. καὶ ἔδοξε τῷ δικαστηϱίῳ δῆσαι τὸν Ἐϱασινίδην.Archedemus, who at that time was leader of the dēmos in Athens and overseer of the diōbelia, brought an accusation before a jury-court that a fine should be imposed on Erasinides, claiming that he had in his possession money from the Hellespont which belonged to the dēmos; he also brought an accusation against him concerning his generalship. It was decided by the jury-court to fetter Erasinides.(Xenophon, Hellenica 1.7.2)
Moses Finley once remarked, apropos of Cleon, that ‘this man led Athens for several years after the death of Pericles, but Thucydides gives him four appearances only, one of them restricted to a single sentence and one a speech. The picture that emerges is complete and dramatic—but is it right? We do not know’. To penetrate beyond the Thucydidean portrait—and the Aristophanic caricature that buttresses it—is a complex and challenging exercise, but that has not stopped numerous scholars from attempting the task.
Beyond Legislation: Genuine Change in the Interaction between Victims of Sexual Crimes and the Criminal Law System
Authors: Paz-Wolk Tzili 
Published: September 2015

This article examines the changes in the encounter between sexual assault victims and representatives of the law enforcement and judicial systems in Israel as perceived by workers and volunteers in the sexual assault crisis centres. After more than four decades of action in legal contexts – from spurring changes in legislation, through the training of professionals within the legal system, up to escorting victims – it is still hard to find studies that describe any change beyond legislation and procedures in the forms that this encounter assumes in Israel and in the world.For the purpose of the study, this interaction was separated from the other aspects of the procedure, observed in depth and, with the interviewees' help, broken down into its relevant components. Data gathered and processed using quantitative and qualitative methods show that, according to the impression of the critical and experienced interviewees, representatives of the legal system truly endeavoured during the first decade of the second millennium to provide victims with better conditions than in the past, encouraging them to speak out in criminal proceedings.As a possible background for the changes in the interpersonal encounter, the article suggests focusing on two mutually related processes, historical but also ongoing. The first is a change in the modes of thought and action in the crisis centres that dealt with this matter and promoted specific changes in the interpersonal encounter. The second process is reflected in the way in which legislators chose to intervene in the interpersonal encounters through four sections in the Rights of Victims of Crime Law. These processes influenced one another and still largely accompany the developments in this sphere, teaching important lessons about change in systems that are not easily amenable to change.
Endoscopic transpterygoidal repair of a large cranial defect with cerebrospinal fluid leak in a patient with extensive osteoradionecrosis of the skull base: case report and technical note
Authors: Brand Y , Lim E , Waran V , Prepageran N 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackground:Endoscopic endonasal techniques have recently become the method of choice in dealing with cerebrospinal fluid leak involving the anterior cranial fossa. However, most surgeons prefer an intracranial approach when leaks involve the middle cranial fossa. This case report illustrates the possibilities of using endoscopic techniques for cerebrospinal fluid leaks involving the middle fossa.Case report:A 37-year-old male patient presented with multiple areas of cranial defect with cerebrospinal fluid leak due to osteoradionecrosis following radiation for nasopharyngeal carcinoma 4 years earlier. Clinical examination showed involvement of all cranial nerves except the IInd and XIth nerves on the left side. A prior attempt to repair the cerebrospinal fluid leak with craniotomy was not successful.Conclusion:This case demonstrates the successful endoscopic repair of a large cranial defect with cerebrospinal fluid leak.
Picturing the liturgy: Notes on the iconography of the Holy Women at the Tomb in fourteenth- and early fifteenth-century Ethiopian manuscript illumination
Authors: Gnisci Jacopo 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAlmost five decades ago the late Stanislaw Chojnacki, one of the founding fathers of Ethiopian art history, began the task of describing the themes in Christian Ethiopian painting. Since then, others have contributed to the study of different subjects in Ethiopian art. Yet there are still gaps in our understanding of Ethiopian iconography. The aim of this study is to help fill these gaps by offering some remarks on the iconography of the Holy Women at the Tomb in fourteenth-century Ethiopian manuscript illumination.
Have Antarctic toothfish returned to McMurdo Sound?
Authors: Parker Steven J. , Mormede Sophie , Devries Arthur L. , Hanchet Stuart M. , Eisert Regina 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA dramatic reduction in catch rates of Antarctic toothfish in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, has led to conclusions that the commercial bottom longline fishery for toothfish in the Ross Sea has drastically altered the toothfish population with cascading effects on the McMurdo Sound ecosystem. However, results from a new monitoring programme for Antarctic toothfish and other top predators carried out in McMurdo Sound in 2014 have shown toothfish catch rate, fish size and fish age similar to those observed prior to 2002. These results suggest that either large and old fish have returned to McMurdo Sound following a temporary environmentally driven absence or that they remained locally present but were not detected in the areas sampled. These findings highlight the importance of continued standardized monitoring for detecting the potential effects of fishing on the Ross Sea ecosystem.
Blakiston’s Fish-owl Bubo blakistoni and logging: Applying resource selection information to endangered species conservation in Russia
Authors: SLAGHT JONATHAN C. , SURMACH SERGEI G. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryBlakiston's Fish-owl Bubo blakistoni is classified as ‘Endangered’ by IUCN; this species is associated with riparian old-growth forests in north-east Asia, a landscape threatened by a variety of impacts (e.g. logging, agricultural development, human settlement). We examined a 20,213 km2 study area in Primorye, Russia, and assessed the ability of the protected area network to conserve Blakiston's Fish-owls by analysing resource selection of radio-marked individuals. Based on resource selection functions, we predicted that 60–65 Blakiston's fish-owl home ranges could occur within the study area. We found that the protected area network within our study area contained only 19% of optimal Blakiston's fish-owl habitat and contained only eight potential home ranges (five of these within a single protected area—Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Reserve). We also found that 43% of optimal Blakiston's Fish-owl habitat was within current logging leases; lands capable of supporting habitat equivalent to 24 home ranges. The remaining optimal habitat (38%) was on federal land and potentially contained 28–33 Blakiston's Fish-owl home ranges. The current protected area network, by itself, is not sufficient to conserve the species because relatively few home ranges are actually protected. Therefore, outside of protected areas, we recommend protecting specific locations within potential home ranges that likely contain suitable nest and foraging sites, maintaining integrity of riparian areas, modifying road construction methods, and closing old and unused logging roads to reduce anthropogenic disturbance to the owls and the landscape.
High-Resolving Mass Analyzers
Authors: Wollnik H. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractFirst high-resolving mass analyzers were built ≈80 years ago as sector field systems, well reproducible ones, however, only much later. Besides these sector-field systems there are three other types of mass analyzers: (1) Penning trap mass analyzers, have achieved the highest resolving powers, but require big technological efforts. (2) Time-of-flight mass analyzers have become the most versatile systems, while high performing multi-reflection time-of-flight systems have only started to be used. (3) Fourier Transform and Orbitrap mass analyzers have achieved spectacularly high mass resolving powers, but are also technically demanding and difficult to build systems.
A qualitative evaluation of home-based contraceptive and sexual health care for teenage mothers
Authors: Hayter Mark , Jones Catriona , Owen Jenny , Harrison Christina 
Published: September 2015

AimThis paper reports on the findings from a qualitative study exploring the experiences of teenage mothers using a nurse-led, home-based contraceptive service designed to prevent repeat unplanned pregnancies. The aim was to understand if, and how the service was effective in equipping teenage mothers to make informed choices about contraception, thus preventing a second pregnancy.BackgroundUnplanned teenage pregnancy remains a significant focus of health and social policy in the United Kingdom (UK). Despite the long-term pattern of declining conception rates, the UK continues to report higher rates than comparable countries elsewhere in Europe. Current estimates suggest that approximately one fifth of births amongst under 18’s are repeat pregnancies (Teenage Pregnancy Independent Advisory Group, 2009). Services that are designed to reduce second unplanned pregnancies are an important element in promoting teenage sexual health. However, there has been no UK research that explores this kind of service and the experiences of service users.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative interview study. From 2013–2014 we interviewed 40 teenage mothers who had engaged with the nurse-led, home-based contraceptive service.FindingsThe data demonstrates that the service was effective in preventing repeat pregnancies in a number of cases. Among the aspects of the service which were found to contribute to its effectiveness were privacy, convenience, flexibility, appropriately timed access, the non-judgemental attitude of staff and ongoing support.
Multiple-exciton generation in lead selenide nanorod solar cells with external quantum efficiencies exceeding 120%
Authors: Davis Nathaniel J. L. K. , Böhm Marcus L. , Tabachnyk Maxim , Wisnivesky-Rocca-Rivarola Florencia , Jellicoe Tom C. , Ducati Caterina , Ehrler Bruno , Greenham Neil C. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMultiple-exciton generation—a process in which multiple charge-carrier pairs are generated from a single optical excitation—is a promising way to improve the photocurrent in photovoltaic devices and offers the potential to break the Shockley–Queisser limit. One-dimensional nanostructures, for example nanorods, have been shown spectroscopically to display increased multiple exciton generation efficiencies compared with their zero-dimensional analogues. Here we present solar cells fabricated from PbSe nanorods of three different bandgaps. All three devices showed external quantum efficiencies exceeding 100% and we report a maximum external quantum efficiency of 122% for cells consisting of the smallest bandgap nanorods. We estimate internal quantum efficiencies to exceed 150% at relatively low energies compared with other multiple exciton generation systems, and this demonstrates the potential for substantial improvements in device performance due to multiple exciton generation.
Genome-wide perturbations by miRNAs map onto functional cellular pathways, identifying regulators of chromatin modifiers
Authors: Moss Tyler J , Luo Zijun , Seviour Elena G , Sehgal Vasudha , Lu Yiling , Hill Steven M , Rupaimoole Rajesha , Lee Ju-Seog , Rodriguez-Aguayo Cristian , Lopez-Berestein Gabriel , Sood Anil K , Azencott Robert , Gray Joe W , Mukherjee Sach , Mills Gordon B , Ram Prahlad T 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Background:
Regulation of gene expression by microRNAs (miRNAs) is critical for determining cellular fate and function. Dysregulation of miRNA expression contributes to the development and progression of multiple diseases. miRNA can target multiple mRNAs, making deconvolution of the effects of miRNA challenging and the complexity of regulation of cellular pathways by miRNAs at the functional protein level remains to be elucidated. Therefore, we sought to determine the effects of expression of miRNAs in breast and ovarian cancer cells on cellular pathways by measuring systems-wide miRNA perturbations to protein and phosphoproteins.

Methods:
We measure protein level changes by reverse-phase protein array (RPPA) in MDA-MB-231, SKOV3.ip1 and HEYA8 cancer cell lines transfected by a library of 879 human miRNA mimics.

Results:
The effects of multiple miRNAs–protein networks converged in five broad functional clusters of miRNA, suggesting a broad overlap of miRNA action on cellular pathways. Detailed analysis of miRNA clusters revealed novel miRNA/cell cycle protein networks, which we functionally validated. De novo phosphoprotein network estimation using Gaussian graphical modeling, using no priors, revealed known and novel protein interplay, which we also observed in patient ovarian tumor proteomic data. We identified several miRNAs that have pluripotent activities across multiple cellular pathways. In particular we studied miR-365a whose expression is associated with poor survival across several cancer types and demonstrated that anti-miR-365 significantly reduced tumor formation in animal models.

Conclusions:
Mapping of miRNA-induced protein and phosphoprotein changes onto pathways revealed new miRNA-cellular pathway connectivity, paving the way for targeting of dysregulated pathways with potential miRNA-based therapeutics.
Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying adverse reactions associated with a kinase inhibitor using systems toxicology
Authors: Amemiya Takahiro , Honma Masashi , Kariya Yoshiaki , Ghosh Samik , Kitano Hiroaki , Kurachi Yoshihisa , Fujita Ken-ichi , Sasaki Yasutsuna , Homma Yukio , Abernethy Darrel R , Kume Haruki , Suzuki Hiroshi 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Background/Objectives:
Targeted kinase inhibitors are an important class of agents in anticancer therapeutics, but their limited tolerability hampers their clinical performance. Identification of the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of adverse reactions will be helpful in establishing a rational method for the management of clinically adverse reactions. Here, we selected sunitinib as a model and demonstrated that the molecular mechanisms underlying the adverse reactions associated with kinase inhibitors can efficiently be identified using a systems toxicological approach.

Methods:
First, toxicological target candidates were short-listed by comparing the human kinase occupancy profiles of sunitinib and sorafenib, and the molecular mechanisms underlying adverse reactions were predicted by sequential simulations using publicly available mathematical models. Next, to evaluate the probability of these predictions, a clinical observation study was conducted in six patients treated with sunitinib. Finally, mouse experiments were performed for detailed confirmation of the hypothesized molecular mechanisms and to evaluate the efficacy of a proposed countermeasure against adverse reactions to sunitinib.

Results:
In silico simulations indicated the possibility that sunitinib-mediated off-target inhibition of phosphorylase kinase leads to the generation of oxidative stress in various tissues. Clinical observations of patients and mouse experiments confirmed the validity of this prediction. The simulation further suggested that concomitant use of an antioxidant may prevent sunitinib-mediated adverse reactions, which was confirmed in mouse experiments.

Conclusions:
A systems toxicological approach successfully predicted the molecular mechanisms underlying clinically adverse reactions associated with sunitinib and was used to plan a rational method for the management of these adverse reactions.
The Centennial Trends Greater Horn of Africa precipitation dataset
Authors: Funk Chris , Nicholson Sharon E. , Landsfeld Martin , Klotter Douglas , Peterson Pete , Harrison Laura 
Published: September 2015

AbstractEast Africa is a drought prone, food and water insecure region with a highly variable climate. This complexity makes rainfall estimation challenging, and this challenge is compounded by low rain gauge densities and inhomogeneous monitoring networks. The dearth of observations is particularly problematic over the past decade, since the number of records in globally accessible archives has fallen precipitously. This lack of data coincides with an increasing scientific and humanitarian need to place recent seasonal and multi-annual East African precipitation extremes in a deep historic context. To serve this need, scientists from the UC Santa Barbara Climate Hazards Group and Florida State University have pooled their station archives and expertise to produce a high quality gridded ‘Centennial Trends’ precipitation dataset. Additional observations have been acquired from the national meteorological agencies and augmented with data provided by other universities. Extensive quality control of the data was carried out and seasonal anomalies interpolated using kriging. This paper documents the CenTrends methodology and data.
De novo transcriptome profiling of highly purified human lymphocytes primary cells
Authors: Bonnal Raoul J.P. , Ranzani Valeria , Arrigoni Alberto , Curti Serena , Panzeri Ilaria , Gruarin Paola , Abrignani Sergio , Rossetti Grazisa , Pagani Massimiliano 
Published: September 2015

AbstractTo help better understand the role of long noncoding RNAs in the human immune system, we recently generated a comprehensive RNA-seq data set using 63 RNA samples from 13 subsets of T (CD4+ naive, CD4+ TH1, CD4+ TH2, CD4+ TH17, CD4+ Treg, CD4+ TCM, CD4+ TEM, CD8+ TCM, CD8+ TEM, CD8+ naive) and B (B naive, B memory, B CD5+) lymphocytes. There were five biological replicates for each subset except for CD8+ TCM and B CD5+ populations that included 4 replicates. RNA-Seq data were generated by an Illumina HiScanSQ sequencer using the TruSeq v3 Cluster kit. 2.192 billion of paired-ends reads, 2×100 bp, were sequenced and after filtering a total of about 1.7 billion reads were mapped. Using different de novo transcriptome reconstruction techniques over 500 previously unknown lincRNAs were identified. The current data set could be exploited to drive the functional characterization of lincRNAs, identify novel genes and regulatory networks associated with specific cells subsets of the human immune system.
Coronin7 regulates WASP and SCAR through CRIB mediated interaction with Rac proteins
Authors: Swaminathan Karthic , Stumpf Maria , Müller Rolf , Horn Anna-Carolin , Schmidbauer Julia , Eichinger Ludwig , Müller-Taubenberger Annette , Faix Jan , Noegel Angelika A. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractCoronin7 (CRN7) stabilizes F-actin and is a regulator of processes associated with the actin cytoskeleton. Its loss leads to defects in phagocytosis, motility and development. It harbors a CRIB (Cdc42- and Rac-interactive binding) domain in each of its WD repeat domains which bind to Rac GTPases preferably in their GDP-loaded forms. Expression of wild type CRN7 in CRN7 deficient cells rescued these defects, whereas proteins with mutations in the CRIB motifs which were associated with altered Rac binding were effective to varying degrees. The presence of one functional CRIB was sufficient to reestablish phagocytosis, cell motility and development. Furthermore, by molecular modeling and mutational analysis we identified the contact regions between CRN7 and the GTPases. We also identified WASP, SCAR and PAKa as downstream effectors in phagocytosis, development and cell surface adhesion, respectively, since ectopic expression rescued these functions.
Ionomer-Liquid Electrolyte Hybrid Ionic Conductor for High Cycling Stability of Lithium Metal Electrodes
Authors: Song Jongchan , Lee Hongkyung , Choo Min-Ju , Park Jung-Ki , Kim Hee-Tak 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe inhomogeneous Li electrodeposition of lithium metal electrode has been a major impediment to the realization of rechargeable lithium metal batteries. Although single ion conducting ionomers can induce more homogeneous Li electrodeposition by preventing Li+ depletion at Li surface, currently available materials do not allow room-temperature operation due to their low room temperature conductivities. In the paper, we report that a highly conductive ionomer/liquid electrolyte hybrid layer tightly laminated on Li metal electrode can realize stable Li electrodeposition at high current densities up to 10 mA cm−2 and permit room-temperature operation of corresponding Li metal batteries with low polarizations. The hybrid layer is fabricated by laminating few micron-thick Nafion layer on Li metal electrode followed by soaking 1 M LiPF6 EC/DEC (1/1) electrolyte. The Li/Li symmetric cell with the hybrid layer stably operates at a high current density of 10 mA cm−2 for more than 2000 h, which corresponds to more than five-fold enhancement compared with bare Li metal electrode. Also, the prototype Li/LiCoO2 battery with the hybrid layer offers cycling stability more than 350 cycles. These results demonstrate that the hybrid strategy successfully combines the advantages of bi-ionic liquid electrolyte (fast Li+ transport) and single ionic ionomer (prevention of Li+ depletion).