bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diffusion coefficient, correlation function, and power spectral density of velocity fluctuations in monolayer graphene
Authors: Rengel R. , Martín M. J. 
Published: October 2013

In this paper, the diffusivity in suspended monolayer graphene at low and high electric fields is investigated. The knowledge of this quantity and its dependence on the electric field is of primary importance not only for the investigation of the electronic transport properties of this material but also for the development of accurate drift-diffusion models. The results have been obtained by means of an ensemble Monte Carlo simulation. For the calculation of the diffusion coefficient, two different methods are considered, one based on the second central moment and the other one based on the Fourier analysis of velocity fluctuations, which are directly related to the noise behaviour at high frequencies. The diffusion coefficient is analyzed considering both parallel and transversal directions with regard to the applied field. Taking into account the importance of degeneracy in this material, the calculations are properly performed by considering an excess electron population obeying a linearized Boltzmann transport equation, which allows studying in an adequate fashion the diffusivity phenomena. The results show the importance of degeneracy effects at very low fields in which transport is mainly dominated by acoustic phonon scattering. Values of the diffusion coefficient larger than 40 000 cm2/Vs are obtained for a carrier concentration equal to 1012 cm−2. The correlation function of instantaneous velocity fluctuation is explained in terms of the wavevector distribution, and their power spectral density is evaluated in the THz range, showing an important dependence on the applied field and being strongly related to microscopic transport processes.
Phagocytosis executes delayed neuronal death after focal brain ischemia
Authors: Neher Jonas J. , Emmrich Julius V. , Fricker Michael , Mander Palwinder K. , Théry Clotilde , Brown Guy C. 
Published: October 2013

Significance
Brain ischemia is a major cause of death and disability worldwide, but the cellular mechanisms of delayed neuronal loss and brain atrophy after cerebral ischemia are poorly understood and thus currently untreatable. Surprisingly, we find that after cerebral ischemia, brain macrophages phagocytose viable and functional neurons, causing brain atrophy and motor dysfunction. Our data show that delayed neuronal death and functional impairment after cerebral ischemia can be prevented by blocking specific phagocytic pathways, and therefore highlight new therapeutic targets for stroke and dementia.
Humanized mouse model of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency for in vivo assessment of hemolytic toxicity
Authors: Rochford Rosemary , Ohrt Colin , Baresel Paul C. , Campo Brice , Sampath Aruna , Magill Alan J. , Tekwani Babu L. , Walker Larry A. 
Published: October 2013

Significance
This article describes the development and validation of a novel mouse model that can be used to predict hemolytic toxicity of drugs that occurs in individuals with an enzyme deficiency known as glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. G6PD deficiency affects more than 400 million people worldwide. In this model, nonobese diabetic/SCID mice are transfused with human RBCs from G6PD-deficient donors. Treatment with drugs known to cause hemolytic anemia in humans do not cause damage to the mouse RBCs nor to the transfused normal human RBCs; but a robust hemolytic response is observed in the mice transfused with G6PD-deficient human RBCs. The immediate impact of this model will be in advancing the development antimalarial drugs.
Impact of trehalose transporter knockdown onAnopheles gambiaestress adaptation and susceptibility toPlasmodium falciparuminfection
Authors: Liu Kun , Dong Yuemei , Huang Yuzheng , Rasgon Jason L. , Agre Peter 
Published: October 2013

SignificanceThe trehalose transporter inAnopheles gambiae(AgTreT1) is shown here to be important for mosquito adaptation to environmental stresses and malaria infection. As expected sinceAgTreT1 transports trehalose from site of synthesis in fat body to hemolymph, silencing of AgTreT1 reduces hemolymph trehalose concentration. More importantly,AgTreT1-silenced mosquitoes exhibit shorter survival under desiccation or elevated temperature, and these mosquitoes also harbor fewer parasites after an infectious bloodmeal. We conclude thatAgTreT1 is critical to maintain hemolymph trehalose concentration and is a positive mediator for parasite growth. ThusAgTreT1 can be a potential target for interruption of malaria transmission.
Changes in ecosystem resilience detected in automated measures of ecosystem metabolism during a whole-lake manipulation
Authors: Batt Ryan D. , Carpenter Stephen R. , Cole Jonathan J. , Pace Michael L. , Johnson Robert A. 
Published: October 2013

SignificanceLarge changes can occur when ecosystems cross certain thresholds. Crossing such thresholds poses a challenge to ecosystem management because the positions of the threshold are uncertain and change over time. However, as an ecosystem approaches a threshold its resilience declines, resulting in changes in system dynamics that increase variance and autocorrelation. Calculating these statistics requires frequent and sustained sampling efforts. Our study detected an approaching threshold by computing the statistical indicators from data collected by automated sensors, which are far less labor-intensive than comparable manual methods. Thus it may be feasible to monitor for approaching ecosystem thresholds using automated methods. This finding highlights a powerful use of modern sensor technology.
Cohesion and satisfaction as mediators of the team trust – team effectiveness relationship
Authors: S. DeOrtentiis Philip , K. Summers James , P. Ammeter Anthony , Douglas Ceasar , R. Ferris Gerald 
Published: October 2013

Purpose
– With extant research on the relationship between trust and effectiveness being inconclusive, the present study attempts to create a foundational investigation that examines the role of multiple mediators in the team trust – team effectiveness relationship. The authors identified the two emergent states of cohesion and satisfaction as intervening variables in the team trust – team effectiveness relationship, and tested this multi-mediation proposed model, within an interdependence theory perspective.

Design/methodology/approach
– MBA students at a large university in the southwestern USA were administered two waves of paper-based surveys, which were assigned to project groups. Individuals had been assigned to groups with the intent of maximizing diversity of age, gender, functional background, industry experience, and undergraduate major for each team (this is a goal of the MBA program, not the researchers). The first wave was administered one week after the groups had been formed and after all group members had met in their groups at least once. The second wave of surveys was administered at the end of the semester after the groups had been working together for three months and had completed their final projects.

Findings
– The results of the multiple mediation analysis found support for the hypotheses that cohesion and satisfaction serve as dual mediators of the trust – team effectiveness relationship.

Originality/value
– This study examined how trust operates through other variables to affect team performance. Two important variables that have been shown to be affected by trust are cohesion and satisfaction. Utilizing interdependence theory, the relationship of team trust and team performance was investigated through the intervening variables of cohesion and satisfaction, as both have been shown to possess properties that potentially represent different aspects of the interdependent relationship between team members. Therefore, this study examines how trust impacts team performance though the dual mediators of cohesion and satisfaction, in efforts to develop a more informed and theoretically grounded understanding of team performance and effectiveness processes.
Operationalizing “resilience” for disaster risk reduction in mountainous Nepal
Authors: I. Sudmeier Karen , Jaboyedoff Michel , Jaquet Stephanie 
Published: October 2013

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to describe empirical research intended to fill the perceived gap in practical guidance methodologies for assessing resilience.Design/methodology/approach– To do so, an interdisciplinary team of researchers studied landslide risk in four different communities of Central and Eastern Nepal using a case study approach. Two case studies on flood-affected communities were developed for comparison sake in more urban areas. Methods combined qualitative participatory approaches to develop indicators of resilience as well as a household survey and focus group discussions for collecting data on the indicators.Findings– What the research results demonstrate is a relatively straightforward and simple means for obtaining data on the state of a community's resilience as a relatively simple “snapshot” of resilience at one period in time, assuming that resilience is an outcome that can be improved over time with the “right” set of interventions.Research limitations/implications– The main limitation of this research is that it focussed mainly on outcome indicators; although some process indicators of resilience were identified (i.e. grazing management practices, skills training, organizational skills and learning through education), these need to be more comprehensive and validated through community consultations.Originality/value– The paper provided data and a straightforward methodology for measuring resilience and has thus contributed to the literature on this topic, while providing practical ideas for future research on resilience building measures and indicators.
Accessible park environments and facilities for the visually impaired
Authors: Siu Kin Wai Michael 
Published: October 2013

Purpose– This paper identifies and discusses that parks, as one kind of open space, must be open not only for some people, but for everyone, including those with special needs such as visually impaired people. The paper further identifies a number of key directions for the policy, design and management of park environments and facilities that will promote openness and social inclusion.Design/methodology/approach– The study was qualitative in nature. Case study approach on park environments and facilities was adopted. Used site studies, field observations, interviews with the government officials and professionals of planners, designers and management were conducted. Direct interviews with the visually impaired people were conducted during the field observation. Some of them were also invited to participate in participatory research workshops to give comments and suggestions on the design and management of park environments and facilities.Findings– Open spaces are important and necessary for all. However, visually impaired people are always indirectly excluded from open spaces such as parks, which are important for the quality of urban life. Three areas that require attention to improve the accessibility of parks: ways of identifying and approaching the parks; overall environmental setting of the parks; and facilities inside the parks. Assistance to visually impaired people can be further categorized into information provided in advance and information provided on-site.Research limitations/implications– Further case studies are expected to be conducted in other kinds of open space and other cities in order to generate a more comprehensive understanding related to the topic. Continuous studies are also necessary since the park environments and facilities are changing all the time. With the users ' participation, in particular those with special needs, in research is important.Practical implications– The findings provide reference and direction for the governments, designers and managment to plan, design and manage parks for the needs of visually impaired people. The findings also advocate inclusive and universal approach in planning, implementation and management of parks.Social implications– The findings identify that visually impaired people most of the time are indirectly excluded from accessing parks as well as other open spaces.Originality/value– Although the paper was based on a case study in Hong Kong, its practical and social implications are also important to other places. Although barrier-free concept and requirement have been enforced in many places for some years, people with special needs (in particular visually impaired people) still face a lot of “barriers” in their daily life. The findings provide insights for researchers and also policymakers, designers and management to review the needs of the visually impaired.
Water: how collective intelligence initiatives can address this challenge
Authors: Diggle Tony 
Published: October 2013

Purpose
– The purpose is to examine how collective intelligence initiatives can help address the challenge of water supply globally.

Design/methodology/approach
– The methodology used was desk research and interview. The paper commences with a review of collective intelligence as a subject area. It then assesses water as an issue, paying particular attention to the new set of World Water Scenarios currently being undertaken by the World Water Assessment Program of UNESCO and its latest World Water Development Report (2012). It considers the application of collective intelligence systems to the challenge of water provision with particular reference to a recent initiative led by the International Water Association (IWA), the IWA WaterWiki. It examines potential future developments from a collective intelligence viewpoint.

Findings
– It is increasingly recognised that the drivers that affect water provision are linked to the change drivers of other global issues. There is a need to deal with the inadequacies of currently available water data. Online collective intelligence systems make it easier to set practical goals and monitor progress and send, receive and act on the latest research and new information. Complementary collective intelligence systems in other areas are needed.

Originality/value
– The paper deals with current developments in the water sector. It will be of interest to all foresight professionals involved with this sector or collective intelligence.
The role of accounting values in the relation between XBRL and forecast accuracy
Authors: Liu Chunhui , O'Farrell Grace 
Published: October 2013

Purpose
– This study aims to examine the role that cultural dimensions at the accounting subculture level play in the relation between XBRL mandate and quality of financial information environment.

Design/methodology/approach
– Analyst forecast accuracy with empirical data of firms from six nations is assessed.

Findings
– Results show that accounting values across nations play a significant role in influencing information quality change from XBRL mandate.

Originality/value
– This research paper is the very first in assessing the role of national culture in realizing information quality improvement value of XBRL.
Update from Australia: the copyright cloud hanging over our national collections
Authors: M. Broad Ellen 
Published: October 2013

Purpose
– High-speed internet and digital technology offer new ways of accessing and interpreting collection material in our cultural institutions. The ability of cultural institutions to unlock access to their collections online is constrained by copyright law. This paper examines the push in Australia for cultural institutions to “set collections free” online, and copyright law reform developments that hinder or facilitate making comprehensive online experiences of collections a reality.

Design/methodology/approach
– It considers constraints in Australian copyright law following the adoption of increased IP enforcement and protection standards under the Australia-US Free Trade Agreement, in light of internationalisation of these standards through recent multi-lateral trade agreements. Finally, it considers copyright law reform options to better “unlock” or “set free” collections in cyberspace.

Findings
– It recommends the inclusion of safeguards for copyright exceptions and limitations in trade agreements, and reaffirmation of user and public institution rights of access to information. It warns against the adoption of onerous anti-circumvention provisions. It also recommends various domestic law reform options to free up access to cultural collections.

Originality/value
– Australia was one of the early adopters of the US-IP model that is fast becoming the international standard for enforcement and protection of IP rights. As such, looking at current Australian copyright law may help us better understand the effect IP-maximalist chapters being promoted in multilateral trade agreements may have on similar net-IP importing countries.
Influence of fundraising infeasibility on accounting changes
Authors: Sawanobori Chie 
Published: October 2013

Purpose
– This paper aims to analyze early financial reporting practices and discuss the influence of fundraising infeasibility on accounting changes, focusing primarily on depreciation accounting practices.

Design/methodology/approach
– London and Birmingham Railway Company (L&BR) is a representative railway company whose practices laid the foundation for nineteenth century British railway accounting. All reports prepared by L&BR after each annual general meeting were analyzed using text mining. Keywords were extracted and the changes were observed, thus facilitating the prediction of accounting issues. Furthermore, the keyword contexts were confirmed using a search engine.

Findings
– This paper suggests that fundraising infeasibility might have influenced changes to the depreciation accounting practices at L&BR.

Research limitations/implications
– Being a historical study, it necessitates investigations into practices of other companies.

Practical implications
– The findings suggest that not only the negative operating results that previous studies claim but also the infeasibility of raising funds by issuing new shares might have influenced changes to the accounting concepts and accounting practices in the early-nineteenth century British railway companies.

Originality/value
– The accounting changes at L&BR could be important because they indicate that the management had reached the point at which it did not need to depend on fundraising via the issuance of new shares. This was an early sign of the development of self-financing.
Modeling the aesthetic axis of information organization frameworks, part 2
Authors: Ojennus Paul , Timothy Tennis Joseph 
Published: October 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to propose a theoretical framework, based on contemporary philosophical aesthetics, from which principled assessments of the aesthetic value of information organization frameworks may be conducted.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper identifies appropriate discourses within the field of philosophical aesthetics, constructs from them a framework for assessing aesthetic properties of information organization frameworks. This framework is then applied in two case studies examining the Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH), and Sexual Nomenclature: A Thesaurus.

Findings
– In both information organization frameworks studied, the aesthetic analysis was useful in identifying judgments of the frameworks as aesthetic judgments, in promoting discovery of further areas of aesthetic judgments, and in prompting reflection on the nature of these aesthetic judgments.

Research limitations/implications
– This study provides proof-of-concept for the aesthetic evaluation of information organization frameworks. Areas of future research are identified as the role of cultural relativism in such aesthetic evaluation and identification of appropriate aesthetic properties of information organization frameworks.

Practical implications
– By identifying a subset of judgments of information organization frameworks as aesthetic judgments, aesthetic evaluation of such frameworks can be made explicit and principled. Aesthetic judgments can be separated from questions of economic feasibility, functional requirements, and user-orientation. Design and maintenance of information organization frameworks can be based on these principles.

Originality/value
– This study introduces a new evaluative axis for information organization frameworks based on philosophical aesthetics. By improving the evaluation of such novel frameworks, design and maintenance can be guided by these principles.
The influence of national level factors on international kaizen transfer
Authors: Yokozawa Kodo , Steenhuis Harm-Jan 
Published: October 2013

Purpose– The purpose of this research study was to examine the international transfer of kaizen or continuous improvement. The central research question was formulated as: what national level factors influence the transfer of kaizen, and how?Design/methodology/approach– In the study, a survey interview was followed with semi-structured interviews. The study focused on Japanese subsidiaries in The Netherlands. A total of 15 companies participated in the research.Findings– Two main national level factors, not previously identified in the literature, were found: the level of eagerness of employees and the level of discipline of employees. It was also found that, based on these two factors, transferring kaizen to The Netherlands is very challenging.Research limitations/implications– The research was limited to kaizen transfer from Japan to The Netherlands.Practical implications– Companies benefit from this research because it contributes to understanding the relative ease of transferring kaizen. Having this understanding aids companies with planning the transfer of kaizen and its implementation.Originality/value– Several studies have examined the international transfer of kaizen and/or the international transfer of Japanese management systems. Some studies have identified national level factors as being important but understanding of how and why the factors play a role has been underdeveloped. Furthermore, companies are still struggling with the international transfer of kaizen. This study on kaizen transfer found two previously unidentified key factors, the reasons for their occurrence, and how they influence the transfer. This allows an improved understanding.
Detection of electrical faults in induction motors using vibration analysis
Authors: Cezar Monteiro Lamim Filho Paulo , Nei Brito Jorge , Augusto Diniz Silva Vinicius , Pederiva Robson 
Published: October 2013

Purpose
– The objective is the application of vibration analysis for the detection and diagnosis of low isolation between the stator coil wind and the voltage phase unbalance in induction motors with different numbers of poles. The purpose of this paper is to provide an approach for maintenance engineers for diagnosis electrical fault through the vibration analyses.

Design/methodology/approach
– A detailed review of previous work carried out by some researchers and maintenance engineers in the area of machine fault detection is performed. By vibration analysis, the spectra were collected, which used to analyze the failure. Vibration spectra could detect particular characteristic for each fault in an initial condition, so the machine health can be preserved.

Findings
– Results show the efficiency of the technique of vibration analysis and their relevance to detect and diagnose faults in different induction motors. In this way, it may be included in future predictive maintenance programs.

Practical implications
– The paper presents a laboratory investigation carried out through an experimental set-up for the study of fault, mainly related to the stator winding inter-turn short circuit and voltage phase unbalance.

Originality/value
– The main contribution of the paper has been the characterization of one more tool that makes the predictive maintenance process more efficient, effective and faster, increasing the reliability and availability of equipment.