bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glypican‐3: a marker and a therapeutic target in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Filmus Jorge , Capurro Mariana 
Published: January 2013

Glypican‐3 (GPC3) is a member of the glypican family. Glypicans are proteoglycans that are attached to the cell surface by a glycosyl‐phosphatidylinositol anchor. They regulate the signaling activity of several growth factors, including Wnts. This regulation is based on the ability of glypicans to stimulate or inhibit the interaction of these growth factors with their respective signaling receptors. It has been clearly established that whereas GPC3 is expressed by most hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), this glypican is not detected in normal and cirrhotic liver, or in benign hepatic lesions. Consequently, immunostaining of liver biopsies for GPC3 is currently being used by clinical pathologists to confirm HCC diagnosis when the malignant nature of the lesion is difficult to establish. In addition to being a marker of HCC, GPC3 plays a role in the progression of the disease. GPC3 promotes the growth of HCC by stimulating canonical Wnt signaling. It has been proposed that this stimulation is based on the ability of GPC3 to increase the binding of Wnt to its signaling receptor, Frizzled. Two therapeutic approaches for HCC that target GPC3 are currently being tested in phase II clinical trials. One of them is based on the use of a humanized GPC3 monoclonal antibody that inhibits the in vivo growth of HCC xenografts by inducing antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity. The second approach employs a vaccine that consists of two GPC3‐derived peptides that induce cytotoxic T lymphocytes against these peptides. Targeting of GPC3 might offer a new tool for the treatment of HCC.
Finite element simulation of dynamic crack propagation process using an arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian formulation
Authors: AMINI M. R. , SHAHANI A. R. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTIn this paper, the arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian formulation is employed for finite element modelling of dynamic crack propagation problem. The application phase simulation of computational dynamic fracture is applied to model by which the crack propagation history and variation of crack velocity are predicted using the material dynamic fracture toughness. The dynamic solution of problem is accomplished using the implicit time integration method. The convective terms due to mesh‐material motion are taken into account via the convection equation. A robust and efficient mesh motion technique, that its equations need not to be solved at every time step, is employed in Eulerian phase. The mesh connectivity is preserved during the analysis. So, the successive remeshing of model is eliminated. When the dynamic fracture criterion is satisfied for crack growth, the presented algorithm allows the crack to advance by splitting the material particle at the crack tip. The dynamic energy release rate is calculated at each time step to determine dynamic stress intensity factor. The predicted results are compared with those obtained through the experimental study and remeshing technique cited in the literature. The proposed computational algorithm leads to an accurate and efficient simulation of dynamic crack propagation process.
Iron precipitation in a natural CO2 reservoir: Jurassic Navajo Sandstone in the northern San Rafael Swell, UT, USA
Authors: Potter‐McIntyre S. , Allen J. , Lee S.‐Y. , Han W. S. , Chan M. , McPherson B. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractDiagenetic iron (oxyhydr)oxide minerals are common precipitates expected in CO2 reservoirs, and these minerals record fluid flow for application to carbon capture and sequestration (CSS). Multiple mineralogy and spectroscopy analyses on a pore to meter scale characterize a well‐exposed, lithologically controlled, iron (oxyhydr)oxides reaction front in the Jurassic Navajo Sandstone. Dolomite is the most prevalent cement (up to 23 area%), followed by only several percent or less of iron (oxyhydr)oxides, kaolinite, illite, and gypsum cements. Bulk geochemistry based on diagenetic mineralogies in the reaction front is compared with the water chemistry from nearby modern spring effluent emanating from the Navajo Sandstone to conclude that similar fluids (i.e., CO2‐charged, saline waters containing hydrocarbons) are responsible for the precipitation. A second comparison of bulk geochemistry and diagenetic mineralogies of the reaction front with data from other abundant Navajo Sandstone concretions in the Spencer Flat region (in south central Utah) shows that reservoir fluids likely vary spatially and temporally in the porous and permeable Navajo Sandstone. CO2 injection into porous and permeable, quartz arenite, saline aquifers will likely result in minor clay and abundant dolomite precipitation that will significantly decrease porosity.
Beyond the Village: Recent Approaches to the Social History of the Early Modern German Peasantry
Authors: Sreenivasan Govind P. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe early modern Germany peasantry emerged as an historical subject in its own right in the 1960s. The first generation of this research gained a mainstream readership partly by appealing for a more ‘democratic’ history, but also by grounding peasant history in a wider interpretive framework indebted to Marxism, in which economic transformation stemmed from class formation, while meaningful political change was driven by class conflict. Although it succeeded in making the first generation of early modern peasant history matter to a wider audience, this class‐based framework not only no longer enjoys widespread support, but also has not been replaced in the work of peasant historians with a similarly compelling substitute. As a result, while a great deal of research continues to be published on the early modern German peasantry, its readership is increasingly confined to specialists. All is not lost, however, for with conceptions like ‘economic sociability’ and ‘state‐formation from below,’ the best recent research suggests ways of reconnecting the history of the early modern peasantry to wider social and political narratives. The article concludes by surveying some of the kinds of archival resources through which these new frameworks could be investigated.
African Colonial Economies: State Control, Peasant Maneuvers, and Unintended Outcomes
Authors: Ochonu Moses 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA supreme goal of colonizers' economic policies was to transform African subsistent and semi‐subsistent farmers into export oriented peasants‐‐peasantization in the jargon of African economic history. This was a difficult, complex, and long‐drawn process, requiring multiple mechanisms, some coercive, others persuasive.This essay begins with a survey of the messy unfolding of this process in diverse regions of Africa, highlighting its problems and unforeseen consequences. It then posits an analytical overview of the mining economies of Southern Africa, and their counterparts in pockets of West Africa. Keeping the focus on the interactions between the agency and interests of African peasants and the enforced reach of colonial policies, the essay suggests a way of evaluating colonial agricultural systems by analytically privileging the struggles and strategic maneuvers of Africans drawn into the colonial export economy. In these discussions, multiple conceptual and theoretical perspectives that scholars have deployed to understand these processes are analyzed and critiqued.
Religion, Political Thought and the English Civil War
Authors: Prior Charles W. A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractReligion has always been central to explanations of the political and ideological causes and course of the English civil war. Where historians once privileged aspects of the conflict that associated it with a broader narrative about the historic development of religious toleration and parliamentary democracy, the 1980s witnessed a shift whereby it was more firmly contained within local and European contexts. More recently, there has been an effort to place the civil war within another broad context, yet one that traces its roots in the Reformation rather than its legacies in the 18th and 19th centuries. However, a question remains as to what the English Reformation meant for the relationship of civil and ecclesiastical power: in many ways this was the key issue that shaped the politics of religion in the English civil war. This essay suggests that we understand the politics of religion more effectively by situating the conflict within the wider contexts opened up by Atlantic and imperial history.
“Erratum: What Was an Early Modern Public, and How Was It Made?”
Authors: McKeon Michael 
Published: January 2013

AbstractOne argument of The Secret History of Domesticity is that there were two early modern publics, one traditional and one innovative; that the new concept of the public began to emerge when the authority of the old public, until then a matter of tacit belief, was subjected to explicit and rational analysis; and that the rationality of the new public depended on the simultaneous rise of an entirely new concept, the private. This argument responds at length to the central question raised by the Making Publics Project –‘‘What was an early modern public, and how was it made?’’– in ways that are pertinent to the work of MaPs, as can be seen in the stimulating essays gathered for this collection. The contributors have focused on a broad range of issues entailed in the hypothesis of a modern public, from political and religious history, social theory, historiography, and periodization to the history of civic architecture, gender and domesticity, drama, and the aesthetic, principally in England but also in fourteenth‐century Italy and the seventeenth‐century Dutch Republic. This comparative dimension enhances and deepens the developing coherence, within English culture, of the category of the modern.
Evaluating social assistance reforms under programme heterogeneity and alternative measures of success
Authors: Ayala Luis , Rodríguez Magdalena 
Published: January 2013

This article presents an assessment of welfare reforms under a framework of programme heterogeneity and alternative measures of success. The study focused on a specific programme – Madrid's Ingreso Madrileño de Integración (Madrid Regional Government's Welfare Programme) – which comprises heterogeneous sub‐programmes. We tested whether work‐related sub‐programmes performed better than general activities aimed at improving life skills by analysing the effects on different types of outcomes. We also tried to identify which work‐related sub‐programme worked best. Our results show that intensive employment activities yield remarkably better results than general work‐related schemes or life‐skills activities. However, increasing work participation does not automatically lift participants out of material hardship.Key Practitioner Message: ● Strategies to reduce the dependence of low‐income households on government support by improving employment opportunities; ● Evaluation of alternative work‐related sub‐programmes in welfare policies; ● New evidence on approaches that consider heterogeneous sub‐programmes and different types of outcomes might inform and partially shape the future public policy agenda in the welfare reform debate.
Searching for collaboration in international nursing partnerships: a literature review
Authors: George E.K. , Meadows‐Oliver M. 
Published: January 2013

GEORGE E.K. & MEADOWS‐OLIVER M. (2013) Searching for collaboration in international nursing partnerships: a literature review. International Nursing Review60, 31–36Background:  Nurses from low‐income countries (LICs) face extreme nursing shortages, faculty shortages and a lack of professional development opportunities. Nurses from high‐income countries (HICs) can leverage their wealth of resources to collaborate with nursing colleagues in LICs to expand clinical, education and research capacity. In turn, nurses from HICs gain stronger competency in the care they provide, improved communication skills and an increased understanding of global health issues.Aim:  The purpose of this literature review is to identify international nursing clinical, education and research partnerships among nurses from LICs and HICs and to analyse the degree of collaboration involved in each partnership using DeSantis' counterpart concept.Methods:  We conducted a systematic review of international nursing partnerships in the scientific literature from January 2001 to July 2012. A total of nine articles met inclusion criteria for analysis.Findings:  All of the articles discuss lessons learnt in building international nursing partnerships among nurses from HICs and LICs. However, the articles failed to meet the criteria set forth by DeSantis' counterpart concept to achieve fully collaborative nursing partnerships.Conclusions:  International nursing partnerships require more foresight and planning to create partnerships in which the benefits derived by nurses from LICs equal those of their colleagues from HICs. By striving for such collaboration, international nursing partnerships can help build nursing clinical, education and research capacity in LICs.
ABCs of Neonatal Cardiac Anesthesia
Authors: Chin Chris 
Published: January 2013

AbstractCongenital heart disease (CHD) is relatively common and there are treatment options for virtually every form of CHD. With good care, the majority of babies can survive to adulthood; however, CHD remains a significant cause of death in infancy and neonates are especially vulnerable. In order to manage these patients, a clear understanding of the underlying pathophysiology and the planned surgical procedure is important. However, attention to detail and meticulous care are equally important, and, in addition, there are several management strategies that may standardize practice and can improve outcome.
Characteristics of a Nonocclusive Pressure‐Regulated Blood Roller Pump
Authors: Durandy Yves 
Published: January 2013

AbstractFor decades, extracorporeal life support (ECLS) systems have relied on pumps designed for short‐term cardiopulmonary bypass. In the past, occlusive roller pumps were the standard. They are being progressively replaced by centrifugal pumps and devices developed specifically for ECLS. However, the ideal pump for long‐term bypass is yet to be created. One interesting alternative is the Rhône‐Poulenc 06 pump that is a nonocclusive pressure‐regulated blood pump developed in France in the 1970s. This pump is composed of a double‐stage rotor with three rollers at each level. The raceway tubing is stretched on the roller and pump occlusivity depends on the tension of the chamber on the rotor. The pump is able to deliver physiological blood flow values without generating dangerous negative or positive pressures. The specific design of the chamber allows the pump to generate a pulsatile flow, inducing minimal blood trauma, and to act as a bubble trap, making it inherently safe. This pump has been used for cardiopulmonary bypass, extracorporeal lung support, and more specifically single‐lumen single‐cannula venovenous membrane oxygenation for neonates, left‐heart or right‐heart assist, and venovenous bypass during liver transplant. In conclusion, this old‐fashion pump is perfectly adapted for any kind of short‐ or long‐term bypass.
Monitoring Biomarkers After Pediatric Heart Surgery: A New Paradigm on the Horizon
Authors: Aĝirbaşli Mehmet , Ündar Akif 
Published: January 2013

AbstractUntil recently, risk scoring systems for adult patients consisted of only clinical criteria. Currently, we are experiencing an abundant surge of literature integrating a wide range of biomarker arrays to clinical criteria in assessing the risk in an adult. In fact, novel risk scoring systems such as Reynolds criteria have emerged by combining the validated biomarkers to the traditional risk factors. Novel biomarkers potentially improve clinical management of cardiovascular disease, but there are gaps in understanding their role during childhood. The reason might be related to relatively lower prevalence of cardiovascular disease in children compared to the adult population. One exceptional group is the children with congenital heart disease. Recent studies indicate that novel biomarkers can alert the clinician in a timely manner about neurological and myocardial injury and their inflammatory consequences. Current technologies enable us to measure several biomarkers using only a few microliters of plasma. The preliminary studies show that novel biomarkers in addition to the traditionally studied biomarkers can help the clinician to identify children at high risk following pediatric heart surgery. Future studies are needed to confirm the role of biomarkers in monitoring children after cardiopulmonary bypass.
The Comparison of the Effects of Bretschneider's Histidine‐Tryptophan‐Ketoglutarate and Conventional Crystalloid Cardioplegia on Pediatric Myocardium at Tissue Level
Authors: Korun Oktay , Özkan Murat , Terzi Ayşen , Aşkın Göktan , Sezgin Atilla , Aşlamacı Sait 
Published: January 2013

AbstractCardioplegic arrest is one of the most common myocardial protection strategies. A wide variety of cardioplegic solutions are routinely being used. There is an ongoing discussion about the relative effectiveness of these solutions considering myocardial protection. This study aims to investigate the hypothesis that the use of histidine‐tryptophan‐ketoglutarate (HTK) cardioplegia leads to decreased ischemic damage on myocardium compared with the use of conventional crystalloid cardioplegia. The study population was 32 patients operated on at Başkent University, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery for congenital heart diseases. The first group of 16 patients received conventional crystalloid cardioplegia (KK group) which is a modification of St. Thomas' solution, while the second group of 16 patients received HTK solution (HTK group). The echocardiographic measurements and the laboratory values of the patients were taken as the clinical variables. Right ventricular biopsies were taken from every patient before and after cardioplegic arrest. These biopsies were histopathologically examined for apoptosis using caspase‐3 antigen and cell proliferation using Ki‐67 antigen. The statistical analysis revealed no significant difference between the two groups regarding the clinical variables, apoptotic indices and proliferation indices. The apoptotic indices in the postcardioplegic arrest biopsies positively correlated with aortic clamp time in the KK group but not in the HTK group. Liver function tests on postoperative day 1 positively correlated with aortic clamp time in both groups. On postoperative day 2, this correlation was sustained in the KK group and ceased in HTK group. The difference in the correlation of apoptotic indices and liver function tests between the groups is accepted as a supportive finding for HTK solution. However, it can be postulated that when the aortic clamp times are similar to those in the present study, the clinical manifestation of the difference between the two solutions would not be significant.
The Effect of Cardiopulmonary Bypass and Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest on Hepatic Histology in Newborn Animals: An Experimental Study
Authors: Tirilomis Theodor , Zwiehoff Julia M. , Waldmann‐Beushausen Regina , Schneider Simon , Schoendube Friedrich A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractStill little is known about the effect of cardiac surgery on neonatal hepatic tissue. We examined the effect of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and the effect of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) on neonatal hepatic tissue. Liver biopsies of neonatal piglets were taken after CPB (n = 4), after DHCA (n = 5), and after surgery without CPB (non‐CPB; n = 3). Additionally, findings were compared to those of control piglets (n = 9). The liver specimens were fixed, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and scored regarding inflammatory reaction, hepatocellular edema, and apoptosis. Inflammation score of treated groups was higher than in control; CPB 2.5 ± 0.5, DHCA 1.6 ± 0.4, non‐CPB 1.2 ± 0.6, control 0.4 ± 0.3 (P < 0.001 CPB and DHCA vs. control; P < 0.05 non‐CPB vs. control). Hepatic cell edema was more evident after DHCA (score 2.0 ± 0.4 vs. 0.2 ± 0.3 in control and 0.6 ± 0.5 after CPB; P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively). The highest apoptotic cell count was in the non‐CPB group (22.3 ± 6.3 vs. 11.4 ± 3.6 in control and 8.9 ± 5.4 after CPB; P < 0.05). The present study showed that (i) surgical trauma induces hepatic cell apoptosis; (ii) CPB increases hepatic inflammatory reaction; and (iii) DHCA amplifies hepatic cell edema.
DNA Barcoding Identifies all Immature Life Stages of a Forensically Important Flesh Fly (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)
Authors: Meiklejohn Kelly A. , Wallman James F. , Dowton Mark 
Published: January 2013

AbstractCarrion‐breeding insects, such as flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), can be used as evidence in forensic investigations. Despite their considerable forensic potential, their use has been limited because morphological species identification, at any life stage, is very challenging. This study investigated whether DNA could be extracted and cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) barcode sequences obtained for molecular identification of each immature life stage of the forensically important Australian flesh fly, Sarcophaga (Sarcorohdendorfia) impatiens (Walker). Genomic DNA extracts were prepared from all larval instars and puparia. Amplification of the barcoding region was successful from all extracts, but puparia amplicons were weak. All sequences were identified as S. impatiens with 99.95% confidence using the Barcoding of Life Database (BOLD). Importantly, crop removal was necessary to eliminate PCR inhibition for specimens from late second and early third instars. Similar results are expected for immatures of other carrion‐breeding species, enhancing the use of evidence from immature flies in forensic investigations.
Patterns of Variation and Match Rates of the Anterior Biting Dentition: Characteristics of a Database of 3D‐Scanned Dentitions
Authors: David Sheets H. , Bush Peter J. , Bush Mary A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAn understanding of the variability of the anterior human dentition is essential in bitemark analysis. A collection of 1099 3D laser scans of paired maxillary and mandibular arches were studied using geometric morphometric methods. Analyses were performed without scale (shape only) and with scale (shape and size). Specimens differing by no more than experimentally obtained measurement error were counted as matches, or as indistinguishable. A total of 487 maxillary (396 size preserved), 131 mandibular (83 size preserved), and one paired dentition (two size preserved) matches were found. Principal component analysis and partial least squares revealed interpretable patterns of variation and covariation in dental shape, principally dominated by variation in dental arch width. The sensitivity of match rate to assumed degree of measurement error was also determined showing rapid increases in match rate as measurement error increased. In conclusion, the concept of dental uniqueness with regard to bitemark analysis should be approached with caution.