bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost‐effectiveness of simultaneous resection and RFA versus 2‐stage hepatectomy for bilobar colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Abbott Daniel E. , Sohn Vance Y. , Hanseman Dennis , Curley Steven A. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe current healthcare climate demands evaluation of treatment modalities in terms of costs and benefits. We compared the cost‐effectiveness of two different strategies for bilobar colorectal liver metastases (bCRLM).MethodsPatients with bCRLM treated with either resection/RFA or planned 2‐stage hepatectomy at our institution between 1999 and 2011 were reviewed. A decision analysis model was populated with treatment probabilities, outcomes, survival, and costs (Medicare payment, 2011 US$).ResultsTwo hundred fourteen patients underwent resection/RFA. Eighty‐two patients were treated with planned 2‐stage hepatectomy; 26 (32%) patients never completed a 2nd resection. In the 2‐stage cohort, 50 patients underwent portal vein embolization (PVE). Overall complication rate and 90‐day mortality for resection/RFA was 36% and 3.7%, and for 2‐stage hepatectomy (both procedures combined) was 44% and 7.3%, respectively. Cost‐effectiveness analysis revealed that resection/RFA cost $37,120 for 46.2‐month survival, while planned 2‐stage resection cost $62,198 for 35.9‐month survival. If, hypothetically, all 2‐stage patients completed both stages of resection, the per‐patient cost was $72,644 for 40.3‐month survival.ConclusionsResection/RFA is associated with lower costs and longer survival when compared to 2‐stage resection. This 1‐stage approach for bCRLM should be viewed as an efficient use of resources for this challenging clinical scenario. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 109:516–520. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Management Effects on Soil Organic Carbon Stock in Mediterranean Open Rangelands—Treeless Grasslands
Authors: Parras‐Alcántara Luis , Díaz‐Jaimes Luisa , Lozano‐García Beatriz 
Published: December 2013

AbstractSoil organic carbon (SOC) is subject to relatively rapid changes. In grasslands soils, the management system influences these changes. Therefore, these soils play a crucial role in climate change mitigation. Current research has developed strategies and methodologies to help us understand their role as a carbon sink.In this study, the SOC and total nitrogen contents and stocks (SOC‐S) and their variation with depth were evaluated in annual crop rotations (cereal–fallow). Fifty soil profiles were sampled in the Los Pedroches Valley (southern Spain). This area consists of Mediterranean open rangelands—treeless grasslands with cereal–fallow rotation, under two management systems: long‐term (20 years) organic farming (OF) and conventional tillage (CT). The studied soils were Cambisols (CM), Leptosols (LP) and Luvisols (LV). The objective of this research was to determine any management system effects (OF vs CT) on SOC and total nitrogen contents and stocks and their variation with profile depth. It was observed that SOC concentration decreased with depth (Ah–Ap > Bw > C). The SOC concentration was higher in the top soil for all studied soils in OF compared with CT. The highest totals of SOC‐S were found in LV‐OF (66·01 Mg ha−1) and the lowest in LP‐CT (21·33 Mg ha−1). Significant differences (p < 0·05) between soils types and management practices were found in carbon stocks, increasing the SOC‐S in OF compared with that in CT in all studied soils; this increase was 75·25%, 85·73% and 234·88% for CM, LV and LP, respectively. The results indicated that management practices significantly influence SOC‐S in the Los Pedroches Valley and, consequently, OF in annual crop rotations (cereal–fallow) is an excellent alternative to CT that increases the SOC content in Mediterranean open rangelands—treeless grasslands environments. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The pan‐deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat suppresses the expression of oncogenic miRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines
Authors: Henrici Alexander , Montalbano Roberta , Neureiter Daniel , Krause Michael , Stiewe Thorsten , Slater Emily Prentice , Quint Karl , Ocker Matthias , Di Fazio Pietro 
Published: December 2013

AbstractDeacetylase inhibitors (DACi) are a new class of drugs with a broad spectrum of mechanisms that favor their application in cancer therapy. Currently, the exact mechanisms and cellular effects of DACi have not been fully elucidated. In addition to their effects on histone acetylation, DACi can interfere with gene expression via miRNA pathways. Treatment with panobinostat (LBH589), a novel potent DACi, led to the highly aberrant modulation of several miRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines as shown by miRNA array analysis. Among them, hsa‐miR‐19a, hsa‐miR‐19b1 and the corresponding precursors were down‐regulated by panobinostat in TP53−/− Hep3B and TP53+/+ HepG2 cell lines; hsa‐miR30a‐5p mature form only was suppressed in both HCC cell lines, as confirmed by further RT‐qPCR analysis. In HCC cell lines, panobinostat caused the upregulation of the predicted miRNA targets APAF1 and Beclin1 protein levels. Transfection with oligonucleotides mimicking these miRNAs led to an increase in the viability rate of both cell lines as analyzed by impedance‐based real‐time cell analysis. In addition, transfecting miRNA mimicking oligonucleotides resulted in the decrease of APAF1, Beclin1 and PAK6 at the protein level, proving the regulating influence of the investigated miRNAs on gene final products. The overexpression of the above mentioned oncomiRs in Hep3B and HepG2 cell lines leads to cell proliferation and downregulation of cell death associated proteins. In our model, panobinostat exerts its anti‐cancer effect by suppressing these miRNAs and restoring the expression of their corresponding tumor suppressor targets. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In vitro transformation of chlorogenic acid by human gut microbiota
Authors: Tomas‐Barberan Francisco , García‐Villalba Rocío , Quartieri Andrea , Raimondi Stefano , Amaretti Alberto , Leonardi Alan , Rossi Maddalena 
Published: December 2013

ScopeChlorogenic acid (3‐O‐caffeoyl‐quinic acid, C‐QA), the caffeic ester of quinic acid, is one of the most abundant phenolic acids in Western diet. The majority of C‐QA escapes absorption in the small intestine and reaches the colon, where the resident microbiota transforms it into several metabolites. C‐QA conversion by the gut microbiota from nine subjects was compared to evaluate the variability of bacterial metabolism. It was investigated whether a potentially probiotic Bifidobacterium strain, capable of C‐QA hydrolysis, could affect C‐QA fate.Methods and resultsBioconversion experiments exploiting the microbiota from diverse subjects revealed that C‐QA was metabolized through a succession of hydrogenation, dexydroxylation and ester hydrolysis, occurring in different order among the subjects. Transformation may proceed also through quinic acid residue breakdown, since caffeoyl‐glycerol intermediates were identified (HPLC‐MS/MS, Q‐TOF). All the pathways converged on 3‐(3‐hydroxyphenyl)‐propanoic acid, which was transformed to hydroxyphenyl‐ethanol and/or phenylacetic acid in few subjects. A strain of Bifidobacterium animalis able to hydrolyze C‐QA was added to microbiota cultures. It affected microbial composition but not to such an extent that C‐QA metabolism was modified.ConclusionA picture of the variability of microbiota C‐QA transformations among subjects is provided. The transformation route through caffeoyl‐glycerol intermediates is described for the first time.
Prebiotic oligosaccharides directly modulate proinflammatory cytokine production in monocytes via activation of TLR4
Authors: Capitán‐Cañadas Fermín , Ortega‐González Mercedes , Guadix Emilia , Zarzuelo Antonio , Suárez María Dolores , de Medina Fermín Sánchez , Martínez‐Augustin Olga 
Published: December 2013

ScopePrebiotic oligosaccharides are currently used in a variety of clinical settings for their effects on intestinal microbiota. Here, we have examined the direct, microbiota independent, effects of prebiotics on monocytes and T lymphocytes in vitro.Methods and resultsPrebiotics generally evoked cytokine secretion (TNF‐α, IL‐6, and IL‐10) by mouse splenocytes but inhibited LPS ‐induced IFN‐γ and IL‐17 release. Inulin was found to enhance LPS‐induced IL‐10 secretion. Splenocytes from TLR4−/− (where TLR is Toll‐like receptor) mice showed a markedly depressed response. Conversely, in both basal and LPS‐stimulated conditions, prebiotic inhibition of IFN‐γ levels was preserved. These results suggested a predominant effect on monocytes via TLR4 ligation and possible inhibition of T cells. Hence, we studied the modulation of primary rat monocytes and T lymphocytes, focusing on fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and inulin. In monocytes, FOS and inulin induced TNF‐α, growth‐regulated oncogene α, and IL‐10, but not IL‐1β release. The NF‐κB inhibitor Bay 11–7082 fully prevented these effects. Pharmacological evidence also indicated a significant involvement of mitogen‐activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase. There was little effect on T cells. FOS and inulin also generally increased TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐10, but not IL‐8, in human peripheral blood monocytes.ConclusionWe conclude that prebiotics may act as TLR4 ligands or as indirect TLR4 modulators to upregulate cytokine secretion in monocytes.
Relationships of body composition and liver fat content with insulin resistance in obesity‐matched adolescents and adults
Authors: Linder Katarzyna , Springer Fabian , Machann Jürgen , Schick Fritz , Fritsche Andreas , Häring Hans‐Ulrich , Blumenstock Gunnar , Ranke Michael B. , Stefan Norbert , Binder Gerhard , Ehehalt Stefan 
Published: December 2013

ObjectiveWhile in adults not total body‐ or visceral fat mass, but liver fat content was found to independently determine insulin resistance, it is unclear whether these relationships are already present in obese adolescents.MethodsThirty‐nine overweight/obese adolescents were matched for sex and BMI with 39 adults. To compare the age‐ and sex‐specific BMI values of adolescents and adults, the percentile value of each adolescent was projected to the age of 18. Body fat depots were quantified by whole‐body magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Liver fat content was measured with 1H‐MR spectroscopy. Insulin resistance was estimated from the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR).ResultsCompared to overweight and obese adults, adolescents had higher HOMA‐IR (P < 0.001) and lower lean body mass (P = 0.002). Furthermore, they had higher total body‐ (P = 0.02), but lower visceral‐ (P < 0.001) fat mass, while liver fat content was not significantly different between the groups (P = 0.16). In both groups liver fat content (both P ≤ 0.007), but not total body‐ or visceral fat mass (all P ≥ 0.64) was an independent predictor of insulin resistance.ConclusionsHaving lower visceral fat mass, overweight and obese adolescents are more insulin resistant than sex‐ and BMI‐matched adults. Liver fat content, but not total body‐ or visceral fat mass, is an independent determinant of insulin resistance in adolescents.
Gastroschisis – what should be told to parents?
Authors: Lepigeon Karine , Van Mieghem Tim , Vasseur Maurer Sabine , Giannoni Eric , Baud David 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTGastroschisis is a common congenital abdominal wall defect. It is almost always diagnosed prenatally thanks to routine maternal serum screening and ultrasound screening programs. In the majority of cases, the condition is isolated (i.e. not associated with chromosomal or other anatomical anomalies). Prenatal diagnosis allows for planning the timing, mode and location of delivery. Controversies persist concerning the optimal antenatal monitoring strategy. Compelling evidence supports elective delivery at 37 weeks' gestation in a tertiary pediatric center. Cesarean section should be reserved for routine obstetrical indications.Prognosis of infants with gastroschisis is primarily determined by the degree of bowel injury, which is difficult to assess antenatally. Prenatal counseling usually addresses gastroschisis issues. However, parental concerns are mainly focused on long‐term postnatal outcomes including gastrointestinal function and neurodevelopment. Although infants born with gastroschisis often endure a difficult neonatal course, they experience few long‐term complications.This manuscript, which is structured around common parental questions and concerns, reviews the evidence pertaining to the antenatal, neonatal and long‐term implications of a fetal gastroschisis diagnosis and is aimed at helping healthcare professionals counsel expecting parents. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The cell‐free fetal DNA fraction in maternal blood decreases after physical activity
Authors: Schlütter Jacob Mørup , Hatt Lotte , Bach Cathrine , Kirkegaard Ida , Kølvraa Steen , Uldbjerg Niels 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveIf noninvasive prenatal testing using next generation sequencing is to be effective for pregnant women, a cell‐free fetal DNA (cffDNA) fraction above 4% is essential unless the depth of sequencing is increased. This study's objective is to determine whether physical activity has an effect on the proportion of cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) arising from the fetus (fetal fraction).MethodsNine pregnant women carrying male fetuses at gestational age 12+0 weeks to 14+6 weeks were included. Plasma from nine pregnant women was drawn prior to, immediately after, and 30 min after 30 min of cycling with a pulse‐rate of 150 beats per minute. The concentrations of cffDNA (DYS14) and cfDNA (RASSF1A) were assessed using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction.ResultsThe fetal fraction decreased significantly in all participants after physical activity (p < 0.01), a decrease varying from 1–17 percentage points. This was due to a significant increase in the concentration of cfDNA (p < 0.01), whereas the concentration of cffDNA remained the same. This alteration of the fetal fraction was not present 30 min after physical activity.ConclusionWhen planning the timing of noninvasive prenatal diagnosis based on the fetal fraction, physical activity prior to sampling should be avoided. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improved resistive switching phenomena observed in SiNx‐based resistive switching memory through oxygen doping process
Authors: Park Ju Hyun , Kim Hee‐Dong , Hong Seok Man , Yun Min Ju , Jeon Dong Su , Kim Tae Geun 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe improvement of resistive switching (RS) phenomena of silicon‐nitride (SiNx)‐based resistive random access memory (ReRAM) cells through oxygen doping process was investigated. As a result, compared to un‐doped SiNx films, the oxygen doped SiNx (SiNx:O2)‐based ReRAM cells show a lower current (∼0.3 μA) level at a high resistance state and a smaller variation of operating voltage through the reduction of leakage current in the SiNx:O2 film by combining silicon dangling bonds and doped oxygen ions. Therefore, we believe that the oxygen doping process in SiNx films can effectively improve the RS characteristics of SiNx‐based ReRAM cells. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Spatial language and abstract concepts
Authors: Casasanto Daniel , Bottini Roberto 
Published: December 2013

What is the relationship between spatial language and abstract concepts? When people talk about abstract things that they can never see or touch, they often use spatial metaphors (e.g., alongvacation, ahighprice, aclosefriendship). According to theories of metaphorical mental representation, linguistic metaphors reflect underlying mental metaphors. Yet, behavioral experiments show that this is only one of the possible relationships between spatial metaphors in language and our spatial conceptualizations of abstract domains. In some cases, linguistic metaphors not only reflect speakers' thoughts, they also change those thoughts, such that people who use different linguistic metaphors rely on correspondingly different mental metaphors. Alternatively, spatial metaphors in language may reflect the way people conceptualize an abstract domainin some circumstances, but not in others. Finally, spatial language may reflect the way an abstract domain is typically conceptualizedby some people, but not by others. There is no single relationship between spatial language and abstract concepts. Discovering whether (and under what conditions) a linguistic metaphor corresponds to a mental metaphor can illuminate the ways in which our interactions with the physical and social environment shape our mental lives.WIREs Cogn Sci2014, 5:139–149. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1271This article is categorized under:Linguistics > Language in Mind and BrainPsychology > Perception and PsychophysicsPsychology > Language
Self‐organizing maps for latent semantic analysis of free‐form text in support of public policy analysis
Authors: Till Bernie C. , Longo Justin , Dobell A. Rod , Driessen Peter F. 
Published: December 2013

The huge amount of free‐form unstructured text in the blogosphere, its increasing rate of production, and its shrinking window of relevance, present serious challenges to the public policy analyst who seeks to take public opinion into account. Most of the tools which address this problem use XML tagging and other Web 3.0 approaches, which do not address the actual content of blog posts and the associated commentary. We give a tutorial review of latent semantic analysis and the self‐organizing maps, as considered in this context, and show how to apply the self‐organizing map over a probabilistic latent semantic space to the problem of completely unsupervised clustering of unstructured text in such a way as to be entirely independent of spelling, grammar, and even source language. This provides an algorithm suitable for clustering free‐form commentary with a well‐structured test environment. The algorithm is applied to academic paper abstracts instead, treated as unstructured text as though they were blog posts, because this set of documents has a known ground truth. The algorithm constructs a word category map and a document map in which words with similar meaning and documents with similar content are clustered together. WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov 2014, 4:71–86. doi: 10.1002/widm.1112This article is categorized under:

Algorithmic Development > Web Mining
Application Areas > Government and Public Sector
Technologies > Structure Discovery and Clustering
Spatiotemporal change footprint pattern discovery: an inter‐disciplinary survey
Authors: Zhou Xun , Shekhar Shashi , Ali Reem Y. 
Published: December 2013

Given a definition of change and a dataset about spatiotemporal (ST) phenomena,STchange footprint discovery is the process of identifying the location and/or time of such changes from the dataset. Change footprint discovery is fundamentally important for the study of climate change, the tracking of disease, and many other applications. Methods for detecting change footprints have emerged from a diverse set of research areas, ranging from time series analysis and remote sensing to spatial statistics. Researchers have much to learn from one another, but are stymied by inconsistent use of terminology and varied definitions of change across disciplines. Existing reviews focus on discovery methods for only one or a few types of change footprints (e.g., point change in a time series). To facilitate sharing of insights across disciplines, we conducted a multi‐disciplinary review ofSTchange patterns and their respective discovery methods. We developed a taxonomy of possibleSTchange footprints and classified our review findings accordingly. This exercise allowed us to identify gaps in the research that we consider ripe for exploration, most notably change pattern discovery in vectorSTdatasets. In addition, we illustrate how such pattern discovery might proceed using two case studies from historicalGIS.WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov2014, 4:1–23. doi: 10.1002/widm.1113This article is categorized under:Algorithmic Development > Spatial and Temporal Data MiningFundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Motivation and Emergence of Data MiningTechnologies > Structure Discovery and Clustering
Mining data with random forests: current options for real‐world applications
Authors: Ziegler Andreas , König Inke R. 
Published: December 2013

Random Forests are fast, flexible, and represent a robust approach to mining high‐dimensional data. They are an extension of classification and regression trees (CART). They perform well even in the presence of a large number of features and a small number of observations. In analogy to CART, random forests can deal with continuous outcome, categorical outcome, and time‐to‐event outcome with censoring. The tree‐building process of random forests implicitly allows for interaction between features and high correlation between features. Approaches are available to measuring variable importance and reducing the number of features. Although random forests perform well in many applications, their theoretical properties are not fully understood. Recently, several articles have provided a better understanding of random forests, and we summarize these findings. We survey different versions of random forests, including random forests for classification, random forests for probability estimation, and random forests for estimating survival data. We discuss the consequences of (1) no selection, (2) random selection, and (3) a combination of deterministic and random selection of features for random forests. Finally, we review a backward elimination and a forward procedure, the determination of trees representing a forest, and the identification of important variables in a random forest. Finally, we provide a brief overview of different areas of application of random forests. WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov 2014, 4:55–63. doi: 10.1002/widm.1114This article is categorized under:

Algorithmic Development > Statistics
Application Areas > Data Mining Software Tools
Technologies > Classification
Technologies > Machine Learning
The Role of Technology in Translational Science
Authors: May Larissa , Zatorski Catherine , Vora Darshan 
Published: December 2013

AbstractDespite the foundation of the Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) program and the National Center for Advancing Translational Science (NCATS), the process to bring novel tools to the clinical setting is hindered by administrative challenges. Technology offers solutions to these obstacles and has the potential to drive the field of translational science forward. In this commentary, we discuss diagnostic technology, clinical informatics, and bioinformatics and their roles in the development of this field.
Office of Inspector General Review of Medicare Hospice Care: Hospices That Focus on Nursing Facility Residents
Authors: Goldberg Rose Carmen , Rubin Michael 
Published: December 2013

AbstractSince the hospice benefit was introduced into the Medicare program, utilization has increased steeply. Previous research suggested that the use of hospice care is growing most rapidly in nursing facilities; however, little was known about the characteristics of the Medicare beneficiaries who receive hospice care in nursing facilities or the hospices that provide care in this setting. A synthesis of research from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Inspector General (OIG) examined Medicare hospice care provided in nursing facilities. Findings are based on analysis of Medicare hospice claims data and medical record reviews. OIG findings suggest that some hospices may be seeking out beneficiaries with particular characteristics, including those with conditions associated with longer but less complex care. Such beneficiaries are often found in nursing facilities. By serving these beneficiaries for longer periods, the hospices receive more Medicare payments per beneficiary, which can contribute to higher profits. The OIG's recommendations for reform include modifying the payment system for hospice care in nursing facilities and targeting monitoring efforts on certain hospices.