bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-commutative probability insights into the double-scaling limit SYK model with constant perturbations: moments, cumulants and q-independence
Authors: Wu Shuang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Extending the results of Wu (2022 J. Phys. A 55 415207), we study the double-scaling limit Sachdev–Ye–Kitaev model with an additional diagonal matrix with a fixed number c of nonzero constant entries θ. This constant diagonal term can be rewritten in terms of Majorana fermion products. Its specific formula depends on the value of c. We find exact expressions for the moments of this model. More importantly, by proposing a moment-cumulant relation, we reinterpret the effect of introducing a constant term in the context of non-commutative probability theory. This gives rise to a

q
~

dependent mixture of independences within the moment formula. The parameter

q
~

, derived from the q-Ornstein–Uhlenbeck (q-OU) process, controls this transformation. It interpolates between classical independence (

q
~

=
1

) and Boolean independence (

q
~

=
0

). The underlying combinatorial structures of this model provide the non-commutative probability connections. Additionally, we explore the potential relation between these connections and their gravitational path integral counterparts.
Golay coded thermal wave imaging for inclusions inspection in titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V): an analytical study
Authors: Sharma Anshul , Arora Vanita , Mulaveesala Ravibabu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Detecting and characterizing inclusions in metallic materials is crucial in nondestructive testing (NDT) and imaging to ensure structural integrity and reliability. In the field of nondestructive material assessment, infrared thermographic imaging is a well-established technology. This approach analyzes the thermal profile collected over a test specimen to find surface and sub-surface abnormalities. Infrared thermography has demonstrated rising interest in coded thermal excitation techniques and the accompanying data processing technologies in recent years. However, using coded excitations in thermal NDT is still uncommon. This research investigates the viability of using complementary Golay-coded excitation in active thermography. This unique method displays its usefulness in improving the detection sensitivity and resolution by efficiently minimizing the side lobes of the compressed pulse. The current analytical study demonstrates the flaw detection capability of Golay-coded thermal wave imaging (GCTWI) for analyzing titanium alloy materials with anomalies such as inclusions. The research replicates thermal wave propagation and interaction with various inclusion geometries and sizes at the same depths. Furthermore, a comparison study is done between GCTWI analytical and simulation models to validate these models. The correlation coefficient is used as a figure of merit to assess GCTWI’s ability to identify and precisely localize these inclusions. The results show that GCTWI has better fault detectability and spatial resolution capabilities, making it a viable approach for inclusion inspection. Overall, this study advances NDT and imaging approaches by proving the capability of GCTWI for the reliable and efficient identification of inclusions in Titanium Alloy (Ti-6Al-4V). The study’s findings can help to develop more effective inspection procedures for assuring and maintaining the structural integrity of Ti-6Al-4V components in various sectors, including aerospace, automotive, and biomedical engineering.
The impact of toroidal mode coupling on high-density discharges in J-TEXT
Authors: DENG 邓 Peng 鹏 , MAO 毛 Wenzhe 文哲 , CHEN 陈 Zhipeng 志鹏 , ZHOU 周 Yinan 乙楠 , SHI 石 Peng 鹏 , YANG 杨 Zhoujun 州军 , GAO 高 Li 丽 , LAN 兰 Tao 涛 , XIE 谢 Jinlin 锦林 , LI 李 Hong 弘 , WEI 卫 Zian 子安 , LIU 刘 Adi 阿娣 , ZHOU 周 Chu 楚 , DING 丁 Weixing 卫星 , LIU 刘 Wandong 万东 , ZHUANG 庄 Ge 革 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Density limit has long been a widely studied issue influencing the operating range of tokamaks. The rapid growth of the m/n = 2/1 (where m and n are poloidal and toroidal mode numbers, respectively) tearing mode is generally regarded as a primary precursor to the density limit disruption. In this experiment, the coupling of the m/n = 1/1 mode and the m/n = 2/1 mode in high-density plasma was observed. During a sawtooth cycle, the frequencies of the two modes gradually converge until they become equal. After that, toroidal coupling occurs between the 1/1 and 2/1 modes, resulting in a mutually fixed phase relationship. With the occurrence of toroidal coupling, the 2/1 mode is stabilized. Prior to the disruption, the cessation of the 1/1 and 2/1 mode coupling, along with the rapid growth in the amplitude of the 2/1 mode, can be observed. Additionally, under the same parameters, comparing discharges with or without the 1/1 mode, it is found that the presence of the 1/1 mode leads to higher plasma density and temperature parameters.
Racialized experience, biomarkers of lead exposure, and later-life cognition: a mediation analysis
Authors: Jenson Tara E , Bakulski Kelly M , Wesp Linda , Dookeran Keith , Driscoll Ira , Kalkbrenner Amy E 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We evaluated the role of the neurotoxicant lead (Pb) in mediating racial disparities in later-life cognition in 1085 non-Hispanic Black and 2839 non-Hispanic white participants in the National Health and Nutrition and Examination Survey (NHANES, 1999-2002, 2011-2014) 60+ years of age. We operationalized Black race as a marker for the experience of racialization and exposure to systemic racism. We estimated patella bone Pb via predictive models using blood Pb and demographics. Concurrent cognition (processing speed, sustained attention, working memory) was measured by the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) and a global measure combining 4 cognitive tests. To obtain the portion mediated, we used regression coefficients (race on Pb * Pb on cognitive score)/(race on cognitive score), adjusting for age, NHANES cycle, and sample weights. Other confounder adjustment (education, poverty income ratio, smoking) was limited to the mediator-outcome (ie, Pb-cognition) pathway because these factors do not lie upstream of race and so cannot confound associations with race. Lead was estimated to mediate 0.6% of the association between race and global cognition, and 4% of the DSST. Our results suggest that later-life cognitive health disparities may be impacted by avoidable lead exposure driven by environmental injustice, noting that a large proportion of the pathway of systemic racism harming cognition remains.
This article is part of a Special Collection on Mental Health.
The role of prescription opioid and cannabis supply policies on opioid overdose deaths
Authors: Cerdá Magdalena , Wheeler-Martin Katherine , Bruzelius Emilie , Mauro Christine M , Crystal Stephen , Davis Corey S , Adhikari Samrachana , Santaella-Tenorio Julian , Keyes Katherine M , Rudolph Kara E , Hasin Deborah , Martins Silvia S 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Mandatory prescription drug monitoring programs and cannabis legalization have been hypothesized to reduce overdose deaths. We examined associations between prescription monitoring programs with access mandates (must-query PDMPs), legalization of medical and recreational cannabis supply, and opioid overdose deaths in United States counties in 2013-2020. Using data on overdose deaths from the National Vital Statistics System, we fit Bayesian spatiotemporal models to estimate risk differences and 95% credible intervals (CrIs) in county-level opioid overdose deaths associated with enactment of these state policies. Must-query PDMPs were independently associated with on average 0.8 (95% CrI, 0.5-1.0) additional opioid-involved overdose deaths per 100 000 person-years. Legal cannabis supply was not independently associated with opioid overdose deaths in this time period. Must-query PDMPs enacted in the presence of legal (medical or recreational) cannabis supply were associated with 0.7 (95% CrI, 0.4-0.9) more opioid-involved deaths relative to must-query PDMPs without any legal cannabis supply. In a time when overdoses are driven mostly by nonprescribed opioids, stricter opioid prescribing policies and more expansive cannabis legalization were not associated with reduced overdose death rates.
This article is part of a Special Collection on Mental Health.
Optimizing preoperative antibiotic use through improved penicillin allergy documentation
Authors: Adams Sarah A H , Gresham Caroline D , Ariail Andrew R , Rodeghiero Karen Curzio 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Penicillin allergy documentation in the electronic health record (EHR) lacks detail with regard to type of reaction, history of reaction, and other tolerated β-lactams. Because of concern for penicillin allergy cross-reactivity with cefazolin, patients with a reported penicillin allergy are frequently prescribed suboptimal preoperative antibiotics, which have been associated with negative patient outcomes, including increased risk of surgical site infection. The purpose of this study was to increase preoperative use of cefazolin via improvement to the documentation of penicillin allergies in the EHR.

Methods
This single-center, quasi-experimental quality improvement study compared patients with a self-reported penicillin allergy admitted for select elective surgeries before and after implementation of a penicillin allergy questionnaire. The primary outcome was receipt of cefazolin for surgical prophylaxis. Secondary outcomes were the proportion of patients with detailed penicillin allergy documentation, the proportion of patients with surgical site infections occurring within 30 days of surgery, and the proportion of patients who received the full antibiotic dose before the first surgical incision.

Results
A total of 100 patients were included in the preintervention group, while 85 patients were included in the postintervention group. Cefazolin use was higher in the postintervention group (13.0% vs 41.2%; P &lt; 0.001). The postintervention group also had a larger proportion of patients with detailed allergy documentation (2.0% vs 50.6%; P &lt; 0.001) and who received the full preoperative antibiotic dose before the first incision (25.0% vs 48.2%; P = 0.001). There was no statistical difference between the groups in the incidence of surgical site infection at 30 days after surgery (3.0% vs 1.2%; P = 0.63).

Conclusion
Preoperative cefazolin use was higher in patients with a reported penicillin allergy after implementation of a penicillin allergy questionnaire and EHR documentation tool.
Incisor Show–based Selection of Tip Augmentation Rhinoplasty Technique
Authors: Guyuron Bahman , Swanson Marco , DeLeonibus Anthony 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Our recent studies show that the majority of patients seeking rhinoplasty have inadequate incisor show. Furthermore, some rhinoplasty maneuvers, such as a columella strut, can alter the lip position and consequently the incisor show. We report the senior author's (B.G.) algorithm for tip augmentation technique based on our previous studies and 44 years of keen observation in the field of rhinoplasty. The 5 most common scenarios are described. When there is a short columella with inadequate incisor show, bilateral extended spreader grafts and columella strut with a tapered posterior portion are recommended, serving as a reliable midline septal extension graft supporting the medial crura in a more anterior position with sutures and a positive effect on incisor show. When there is an optimal lip-incisor relationship, a columella strut with a tapered posterior end fixed to the septum, with or without extended spreader grafts, is a better choice to prevent a change in smile. If there is excessive gum show, the optimal tip augmentation technique is a columella strut without tapering or even wider posterior end, with fixation of the columella strut to the septum, with or without extended spreader grafts that will push the upper lip caudally. The remaining scenarios are described in detail. Tip augmentation maneuvers in rhinoplasty can have a significant influence on upper lip position, which is often detrimental to the smile. The preoperative position of the upper lip during smile should play an integral role in the selection of tip augmentation technique.

Level of Evidence: 5
Multiple sclerosis in Denmark (1950–2023): mean age, sex distribution, incidence and prevalence
Authors: Holm Rolf P , Wandall-Holm Malthe F , Magyari Melinda 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
With rising life expectancy and advancements in disease management, we expect the multiple sclerosis population is getting older. However, evidence supporting this hypothesis remains sparse. Our study aimed to determine whether the mean age of the Danish multiple sclerosis population has increased and to analyse the developments in sex distribution, incidence and prevalence, all of which affect age composition.
We conducted a cohort study by linking nationwide data from the Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry to the Population Statistics Registry, the Danish Cause of Death Registry, and the Historical Migration Registry. We included all living patients with a confirmed multiple sclerosis diagnosis who lived in Denmark on the 1st of January each year from 1950 to 2023. We calculated the mean and median age, age distribution, sex distribution, incidence and prevalence of the Danish multiple sclerosis population annually from 1950 to 2023.
We included 28 145 individuals with multiple sclerosis. The mean age of the Danish multiple sclerosis population increased until the late 1970s to ∼52.5 years, where it stabilized until 1990. The mean age experienced a slight decline to 51.2 years in 2005, followed by a subsequent rise to its peak of 54.2 years in 2023. In 1975, females comprised 58.7% of the multiple sclerosis population, increasing to 65.7% by 2000 and 68.5% in 2023. The incidence of multiple sclerosis remained stable at ∼3.5 per 100 000 until 1975 and steadily increased by more than three times in 2000 to 11.4 per 100 000. Despite fluctuations, it remained relatively stable from 2000 until 2022, showing a slight decrease in 2022 compared to the previous two decades. Both overall and sex-specific prevalence exhibited an upward trend, particularly among females.
Our study demonstrates that the mean age of the Danish multiple sclerosis population has increased, although not as decisively as expected. The female proportion has grown in tandem with prevalence, while incidence appears to have stabilized in recent decades after years of increase. Denmark’s robust registry data and universal healthcare system offer a unique opportunity for reliable epidemiological analysis. Our results establish a benchmark for future demographic studies in the field of multiple sclerosis.
Applying multidisciplinary methods to forensic casework in North Carolina
Authors: Long Nicole , Sheets Kimberly , Thornton Erin Kennedy , Ross Ann H 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

A multidisciplinary approach in the investigation of unidentified decedents employs the use of a variety of scientific approaches. This approach is applied in casework in North Carolina, USA and has led to successful identifications using anthropological analysis and population affinity estimation using 3D-ID, investigative genetic geneaology (IGG), and isotopic analyses. Results from one scientific approach can help to inform the others, providing more information about the decedent, and thus enhancing the investigation. This case report outlines three cases from North Carolina that combine each of these scientific approaches and serve as examples of collaboration in a multidisciplinary approach.

Key points
Refining tomography with generative neural networks trained from geodynamics
Authors: Santos T , Bodin T , Soulez F , Ricard Y , Capdeville Y 
Published: July 2024

SUMMARY
Inverse problems occur in many fields of geophysics, wherein surface observations are used to infer the internal structure of the Earth. Given the non-linearity and non-uniqueness inherent in these problems, a standard strategy is to incorporate a priori information regarding the unknown model. Sometimes a solution is obtained by imposing that the inverted model remains close to a reference model and with smooth lateral variations (e.g. a correlation length or a minimal wavelength are imposed). This approach forbids the presence of strong gradients or discontinuities in the recovered model. Admittedly, discontinuities, such as interfaces between layers, or shapes of geological provinces or of geological objects such as slabs can be a priori imposed or even suggested by the data themselves. This is however limited to a small set of possible constraints. For example, it would be very challenging and computationally expensive to perform a tomographic inversion where the subducting slabs would have possible top discontinuities with unknown shapes. The problem seems formidable because one cannot even imagine how to sample the prior space: is each specific slab continuous or broken into different portions having their own interfaces? No continuous set of parameters seems to describe all the possible interfaces that we could consider. To circumvent these questions, we propose to train a Generative Adversarial neural Network (GAN) to generate models from a geologically plausible prior distribution obtained from geodynamic simulations. In a Bayesian framework, a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm is used to sample the low-dimensional model space depicting the ensemble of potential geological models. This enables the integration of intricate a priori information, parametrized within a low-dimensional model space conducive to efficient sampling. The application of this approach is demonstrated in the context of a downscaling problem, where the objective is to infer small-scale geological structures from a smooth seismic tomographic image.
Seafloor Rayleigh ellipticity, measured from unoriented data, and its significance for passive seismic imaging in the ocean
Authors: Ai Sanxi , Akuhara Takeshi , He Lipeng , Xiong Cheng , Yan Zhiyong , Zheng Yong 
Published: July 2024

SUMMARY
Observations of the seafloor Rayleigh ellipticity contribute to seismic imaging in the ocean. To extract such observables from the arbitrarily oriented ocean–bottom seismometer (OBS) data, we develop an orthogonal-regression-based approach to measure the waveform amplitude ratios of the unoriented horizontal and vertical components. The amplitude ratios are then used to calculate the Rayleigh ellipticity (and the sensor orientation angle). The robustness of our method is verified by applications to both the unoriented OBS data and the well oriented on-land seismic data. As we propose to calculate the Rayleigh ellipticity directly from the unoriented three-component data, the measurement process avoids the complexity arising from the surface wave non-great-circle effects and uncertainties of the OBS sensor orientation angles. Overall the Rayleigh ellipticity measurements from our method are systematically higher than those by conventional analysis and show less uncertainties. Our analyses suggest that the Rayleigh ellipticity curve (14–60 s), which could be retrieved from the raw broad-band OBS data, is effective to constrain the oceanic lithosphere structure, and the accurate measurement of Rayleigh ellipticity curve is important. The potential of seafloor Rayleigh ellipticity for seismic imaging in the ocean is evidenced by a case study of the Japan Basin, the Sea of Japan. Considering the insufficient station coverage in the ocean, the single-station measurement of seafloor Rayleigh ellipticity is of significance for OBS community.
Autologous Fat Grafting For Perianal Fistula in Behçet’s Disease: A Case Report
Authors: Sadiq Kaiser O’Sahil , Dobke Marek Krzysztof , Boland Brigid S , Lopez Nicole , Eisenstein Samuel 
Published: July 2024

Lay Summary
This is the first case report of a patient undergoing successful autologous fat grafting for an anal fistula in the setting of Bechet’s disease. We demonstrate that this can be done safely and successfully after optimization of the underlying disease.
Measuring Enlarged Mentality: Development and Validation of the Enlarged Mentality Scale
Authors: Kim Nuri , Degefe Elizabeth Demissie , Jones-Jang S Mo , Chung Myojung 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Hannah Arendt’s concept of enlarged mentality (also referred to as representative thinking) has received much attention from theorists and philosophers, but it has not been a central concept in the empirical political communication literature. This article explicates the concept of enlarged mentality and argues for its relevance to political communication theory and research. Specifically, we developed (Study 1) and validated (Study 2, Study 3) a 10-item survey instrument to measure orientation towards enlarged thinking among individuals. The Enlarged Mentality Scale was validated in two national samples (Singapore, United Kingdom) and was found to show predictive validity toward deliberative and political engagement variables. We offer suggestions on how the measure of enlarged mentality could be useful for different areas of political communication research.
Housefly gut microbiomes as a reservoir and facilitator for the spread of antibiotic resistance
Authors: Gan Dehao , Lin Zhenyan , Zeng Lingshuang , Deng Hui , Walsh Timothy R , Zhou Shungui , Yang Qiu E 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Arthropods, such as houseflies, play a significant role in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR); however, their impact has often been overlooked in comparison to other AMR vectors. Understanding the contribution of arthropods to the spread of AMR is critical for implementing robust policies to mitigate the spread of AMR across One Health sectors, affecting animals and environmental habitats as well as humans. In this study, we investigated the in situ transfer of a gfp-labelled AMR plasmid (IncA/C carrying an mcr-8 gene, pA/C_MCR-8) in the gut microbiota of houseflies (Musca domestica) by applying single-cell sorting, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and whole-genome sequencing. Our findings demonstrate that the pA/C_MCR-8–positive Escherichia coli donor strain is capable of colonizing the gut microbiome of houseflies and persists in the housefly intestine for 5 days; however, no transfer was detectable above the detection threshold of 10−5 per cell. The conjugative plasmid pA/C_MCR-8 demonstrated a high transfer frequency ranging from 4.1 × 10−3 to 5.0 × 10−3 per cell in vitro and exhibited transfer across various bacterial phyla, primarily encompassing Pseudomonadota and Bacillota. Phylogenic analysis has revealed that Providencia stuartii, a human opportunistic pathogen, is a notable recipient of pA/C_MCR-8. The conjugation assays further revealed that newly formed P. stuartii transconjugants readily transfer pA/C_MCR-8 to other clinically relevant pathogens (e.g. Klebsiella pneumoniae). Our findings indicate the potential transfer of AMR plasmids from houseflies to human opportunistic pathogens and further support the adoption of a One Health approach in developing infection control policies that address AMR across clinical settings.