bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Word and syllable constraints in Indonesian adaptation: OT analysis
Authors: Batais Saleh , Wiltshire Caroline 
Published: June 2015

<p><span style="font-size: medium;">Using original data of syllabic adaptations of borrowed words produced by </span><span style="font-size: medium;">24</span><span style="font-size: medium;"> native speakers of Indonesian, we find both deletion and epenthesis to resolve word-final clusters, while word-initial clusters sometimes have epenthesis and sometimes are tolerated intact.</span><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span><span style="font-size: medium;">We show that the adaptations of Arabic and Dutch loanwords obey an Indonesian limit on complex codas, and furthermore reveal two subtle constraints: bisyllabic minimal word size and falling sonority across syllable boundaries. By showing that distinct adaptations are conditioned by the same markedness constraints, the OT analysis corroborates a view of borrowing as a phonological, rather than purely phonetic, process. </span></p>
A Topic Time coreference analysis of tense ‘harmony’ in pseudoclefts
Authors: O'Neill Teresa 
Published: June 2015

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>This paper offers a new analysis of so-called tense ‘harmony’ in specificational pseudoclefts (Higgins 1979; Sharvit 2003; Romero 2004). I take a referential approach to tense, where tenses relate two time pronominals: Topic Time (TT, Klein 1994) and Reference Time (RT) (Utterance Time, UT, in main clauses). Although binding between either UT or matrix Event Time (ET) and embedded RT derives the interpretations of most embedded tenses, binding cannot fully account for embedded tenses in specificational pseudoclefts.I propose that </span><span>Topic Time coreference </span><span>derives puzzling restrictions on embedded tenses in pseudoclefts in languages both with and without sequence of tenses (SOT). </span></p></div></div></div>
Filtering Semantics for Counterfactuals: Bridging Causal Models and Premise Semantics
Authors: Santorio Paolo 
Published: June 2015

<p>I argue that classical counterfactual semantics in the style of Stalnaker, Lewis, and Kratzer validates an inference pattern that is disconfirmed in natural language. The solution is to alter the algorithm we use to handle inconsistency in premise sets: rather than checking all maximally consistent fragments of a premise sets, as in Krazter's semantics, we selectively remove some of the premises. The proposed implementation starts from standard premise semantics and involves a new 'filtering' operation that achieves just this removal. The resulting semantics is interestingly related to the semantics for counterfactuals emerging from Judea Pearl's causal models framework in computer science: in particular, filtering is a possible worlds semantics counterpart of Pearl's interventions.</p>
Salience, uniqueness, and the definite determiner -te in Bulu
Authors: Barlew Jefferson 
Published: June 2015

Analyses of the meanings of definite determiners both in English (Kadmon 1990, Roberts 2003, Elbourne 2013, a.o.) and crosslinguistically (Schwarz 2013, Arkoh and Matthewson 2013) have been framed in terms of two dimensions of meaning: familiarity and uniqueness. This paper presents an analysis of the Bulu (Bantu, Cameroon) definite determiner -te. I argue that the antecedent of an NP with -te is required to be salient and unique. Thus, salience is an additional dimension along which there is crosslinguistic variation in the meanings of definite determiners.
Development of Recommendations for the Fourth Contaminant Candidate List
Authors: Roberson J. Alan , Adams Craig , Bench Ryan , Rosen Jeffrey S. 
Published: June 2015

An independent set of recommendations for the Fourth Drinking Water Contaminant Candidate List (CCL4) was developed by prioritizing compounds with weightings based on data quality for occurrence and toxicity. This approach used key information including the number of studies used in the analysis and the associated spread and variability of the particular attributes between data sources, and resulted in four recommendation groups:• Group 1: Top priority for inclusion on CCL4—seven compounds plus one “super group” of disinfection by‐products• Group 2: Include on CCL4 but insufficient information for a regulatory determination (need occurrence data)—11 compounds• Group 3: Could be included on CCL4 only if a future negative regulatory determination will be made—32 compounds• Group 4: No need to consider further in the CCL4 process—55 compoundsHaving too many contaminants on the CCL results in a fragmented research agenda; conversely, some compounds might be missed on a CCL that is too small.
Quantitative characterization of spurious numerical oscillations in 48 CMIP5 models
Authors: Geil Kerrie L. , Zeng Xubin 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSpurious numerical oscillations (SNOs) (e.g., Gibbs oscillations) can appear as unrealistic spatial waves near discontinuities or sharp gradients in global model fields (e.g., orography) and have been a known problem in global models for decades. Multiple methods of oscillation reduction exist; consequently, the oscillations are presumed small in modern climate models and hence are rarely addressed in recent literature. Here we use two metrics to quantify SNOs in 13 variables from 48 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 models along a Pacific ocean transect near the Andes. Results show that 48% of nonspectral models and 95% of spectral models have at least one variable with SNO amplitude as large as, or greater than, atmospheric interannual variability. The impact of SNOs on climate simulations should be thoroughly evaluated and further efforts to substantially reduce SNOs in climate models are urgently needed.
Prediction of the level of ionospheric scintillation at equatorial latitudes in Brazil using a neural network
Authors: de Lima G. R. T. , Stephany S. , de Paula E. R. , Batista I. S. , Abdu M. A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractElectron density irregularity structures, often associated with ionospheric plasma bubbles, drive amplitude and phase fluctuations in radio signals that, in turn, create a phenomenon known as ionospheric scintillation. The phenomenon occurs frequently around the magnetic equator where plasma instability mechanisms generate postsunset plasma bubbles and density depletions. A previous correlation study suggested that scintillation at the magnetic equator may provide a forecast of subsequent scintillation at the equatorial ionization anomaly southern peak. In this work, it is proposed to predict the level of scintillation over São Luís (2.52°S, 44.3°W; dip latitude: ~2.5°S) near the magnetic equator with lead time of hours but without specifying the moment at which the scintillation starts or ends. A collection of extended databases relating scintillation to ionospheric variables for São Luís is employed to perform the training of an artificial neural network with a new architecture. Two classes are considered, not strong (null/weak/moderate) and strong scintillation. An innovative scheme preprocesses the data taking into account similarities of the values of the variables for the same class. A formerly proposed resampling heuristic is employed to provide a balanced number of tuples of each class in the training set. Tests were performed showing that the proposed neural network is able to predict the level of scintillation over the station on the evening ahead of the data sample considered between 17:30 and 19:00 LT.
Hilderic
Authors: Merrills A. H. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

Hilderic was king of Vandal North Africa from 523–530
ce
. Relatively elderly at the time of his accession, Hilderic was the direct descendant of two of the major political figures of the fifth century – the Hasding king Geiseric (through his father Huneric), and the western emperor Valentinian III (through his mother Eudocia). This mixed heritage was reflected in the cultural activity of Hilderic's court and his diplomatic alliances with Justinianic Constantinople. He seems to have been unsuccessful in a series of frontier wars with Moorish groups and was overthrown in a coup by the usurper Gelimer in 530
ce
.
The last fossil primate inNorthAmerica, new material of the enigmaticEkgmowechashalafrom theArikareean ofOregon
Authors: Samuels Joshua X. , Albright L. Barry , Fremd Theodore J. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTObjectivePrimates were common in North America through most of the Eocene, but vanished in the Chadronian, about 35 million years ago. In the Arikareean, about 6 million years later, the enigmatic primateEkgmowechashalaappeared in the Great Plains and Oregon. This taxon shows little resemblance to other North American primates and its phylogenetic position has long been debated. New material of this taxon allows a revised assessment of its age and how it is related to other primates.MethodsRecently collectedEkgmowechashalaspecimens from the Turtle Cove Member of the John Day Formation in Oregon are described. These specimens are compared to previously collected material from South Dakota and Nebraska, as well as other fossil primates from North America and Asia.ResultsStudy of the John Day material allows diagnosis of a new, distinct species. Comparison ofEkgmowechashalato a pair of recently described Asian primates,MuangthanhiniusandBugtilemur, suggests that it is a strepsirrhine adapiform, rather than an omomyid. The well‐defined stratigraphy and dated marker beds of the Turtle Cove Member provide a refined age forEkgmowechashalaoccurrences in Oregon, during the Oligocene (early Arikareean).ConclusionsThe age and morphology of these ekgmowechashaline taxa suggest that the group originated in Asia and dispersed to North America in the Oligocene, after the extinction of other primates in North America. Contemporaneous occurrences ofEkgmowechashalain Oregon and the Great Plains indicate the last non‐human primates vanished in North America about 26 million years ago. Am J Phys Anthropol 158:43–54, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The use of non‐adult vertebral dimensions as indicators of growth disruption and non‐specific health stress in skeletal populations
Authors: Newman Sophie L. , Gowland Rebecca L. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveTraditional methods of detecting growth disruption have focused on deficiencies in the diaphyseal length of the long bones. This study proposes the implementation of vertebral measurements (body height and transverse diameter of the neural canal) from non‐adults (0–17 years) as a new methodology for the identification of growth disruption.MethodsMeasurements of vertebral body height and transverse diameter were taken from 96 non‐adult skeletons and 40 adult skeletons from two post‐medieval sites in England (Bow Baptist, London and Coronation Street, South Shields). Non‐adult measurements were plotted against dental age to construct vertebral growth profiles through which inter‐population comparisons could be made.ResultsResults demonstrated that both sites experienced some growth retardation in infancy, evident as deficiencies in transverse diameter. However, analysis of vertebral body height revealed different chronologies of growth disruption between the sites, with a later age of attainment of skeletal maturity recorded in the Bow Baptist sample.DiscussionThese vertebral dimensions undergo cessation of growth at different ages, with transverse diameter being “locked‐in” by ∼1–2 years of age, while vertebral body height may continue to grow into early adulthood. These measurements can therefore provide complementary information regarding the timing of growth disruption within archaeological populations. Non‐adult vertebral measurements can increase our osteobiographical understanding of the timings of episodes of health stress, and allow for the analysis of growth when other skeletal elements are fragmentary. Am J Phys Anthropol 158:155–164, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Maximum ingested food size in captive anthropoids
Authors: Perry Jonathan M.G. , Bastian Meredith L. , St Clair Elizabeth , Hartstone‐Rose Adam 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTObjectivesMaximum ingested food size (Vb) is an empirically tested performance variable that can shed light on feeding energetics and adaptation in the masticatory system. Until now, this variable had been tested in strepsirrhines alone among primates. Here, we present the first data on Vb in a broad sample of anthropoid primates and describe scaling patterns.Materials and MethodsVb data on anthropoids were collected under captive conditions at the Philadelphia Zoo and compared with published data on strepsirrhines. Data on Vb were scaled against individual body mass and were compared with experimentally determined toughness and stiffness values for the test foods.ResultsUnlike in strepsirrhines, where essentially Vb scales isometrically with body mass, Vb in anthropoids scales with negative allometry. There is a significant effect of food material properties on Vb, although bite size in anthropoids varies less based on food properties than in strepsirrhines. Large folivorous strepsirrhines follow the anthropoid trend in bite size scaling, but large frugivorous ones take especially large bites.DiscussionNegative scaling of bite size in the anthropoids sampled could be due to reduced adaptation for gape. Some early anthropoids likely evolved adaptations for maximizing mechanical advantage and fatigue resistance in the chewing muscles, resulting in reduced gape. This might have channeled them toward smaller bites of more‐resistant foods and away from taking large bites. This might also be the case for some folivorous strepsirrhines. Am J Phys Anthropol 158:92–104, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Edible films based on chia flour: Development and characterization
Authors: Dick Melina , Henrique Pagno Carlos , Haas Costa Tania Maria , Gomaa Ahmed , Subirade Muriel , de Oliveira Rios Alessandro , Hickmann Flôres Simone 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to develop and evaluate the structural, physicochemical, barrier (water vapor), and mechanical properties of chia flour (CF)‐based films. The films were prepared with the casting method. Three ratios of CF to maize starch (MS), namely, 1:0, 1:1, and 1:2 w/w, were evaluated. A fixed total solid content of 6% w/v and a glycerol concentration of 1% w/v were used for all of the tested proportions. The transparency of the films increased as a function of the addition of MS. Moreover, CF‐based films presented a low solubility and a satisfactory water vapor barrier and showed UV‐radiation‐shielding properties. The presence of MS in the composite film elevated the molecular interactions and led to a more compact structure; this resulted in improved strength, although the elongation still remained low. CF‐based films are a promising material for the formulation of edible films with adequate physicochemical and mechanical properties and high nutritional quality. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2016,133, 42455.
Preparation of modified oligochitosan and evaluation of its scale inhibition and fluorescence properties
Authors: Zhang Huixin , Cai Zhiyue , Jin Xiuhong , Sun Dongxue , Wang Dongdong , Yang Tingru , Zhang Jie , Han Xu 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTTo obtain an environmentally friendly and efficient scale inhibitor, carboxymethyl quaternary ammonium oligochitosan (CM‐QAOC) was prepared from chitosan, which was depolymerized by nitrous acid, and then reacted with chloroacetic acid and glycidyl trimethyl ammonium chloride via carboxymethylation and quaternization, respectively. The chitosan derivatives were characterized by Fourier transform infrared and NMR spectroscopy. The inhibition performance for CM‐QAOC was evaluated by a conductivity method and a static antiscaling test. The experiments demonstrated that CM‐QAOC showed an excellent scale‐inhibition performance. With a Ca2+ concentration of 240 mg/L, CM‐QAOC at a concentration of 50 mg/L and pH 8.0 gave an antiscaling ratio of more than 98%. So, CM‐QAOC could be applied as an excellent antiscaling agent. Furthermore, a detectable fluorescence of CM‐QAOC solution was observed. To understand this interesting fluorescence phenomenon and to explore the probability of its being a fluorescent tracer, the relations between the fluorescence intensities and CM‐QAOC concentrations and the pH influence on the fluorescence intensities were investigated. The results show the fluorescence intensities accorded well with the concentrations of CM‐QAOC with a detection limit of 0.6046 mg/L, and the fluorescence intensity was constant within pH 5–9; this indicated that it had the potential of its being a fluorescent tracer. Thus, CM‐QAOC could be applied as an antiscaling water‐treatment chemical and as a fluorescence tracer directly without any further modifications. It could be self‐traced online and in real time with its own fluorescence, although more work should be done to investigate its fluorescent mechanism and its tracing properties in detail. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42518.
Polypropylene nanocomposites produced by in situ grafting of n‐butyl acrylate
Authors: Merchan Sandoval Julie , Quinzani Lidia M. , Failla Marcelo D. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTNanocomposites of polypropylene and organophilic clay are produced by in situ functionalization of PP with n‐butyl acrylate (BA) during melt mixing. Three strategies for incorporating materials into the mixer are analyzed and the effect of clay concentration is evaluated. The materials are examined by FTIR spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry, and rotational rheometry. The results show that all composites prepared in the presence of BA have similar intercalated clay structure, and that the largest degree of exfoliation is obtained using the sequential mixing technique. This method, which consists in adding the initiator and functionalizing agent to the molten polypropylene followed by the addition of the clay, also produces the largest reduction in molecular weight of the polymer and the largest increase of the elastic modulus. All polymers show similar crystallization and degradation processes. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42585.
A web‐based virtual power electronics laboratory
Authors: Yalcin Nedim Aktan , Vatansever Fahri 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTIn the science and engineering, supporting theoretical knowledge with practical information is crucial. Thus, there are laboratory courses together with theoretical lectures in engineering education. However, laboratory applications can't give expected successful results because of insufficient laboratory environment of educational institutions, excessive number of students etc. Depending on the developments in the computer field, concepts such as computer aided education, computer‐assisted learning, computer‐aided engineering have gained importance. In the carried out study, remote accessible virtual laboratory consisting of six modules is designed for power electronics courses. Realized software which can run online or offline and includes almost forty circuits (rectifiers, dc–dc converters, ac–ac converters, dc–ac converters, power supplies) belongs to power electronics field. Detailed analysis and applications can be realized with the virtual laboratory which also contains description of subjects, animations, online support, environment for preparing lab reports etc. The software is available in Uludag University, 111 undergraduate students and 17 faculty members tested it separately without requesting their personal information. Obtained results from two questionnaires are evaluated here. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput. Appl. Eng. Educ. 24:71–78, 2016; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21673
Poor mobility predicts adverse outcome better than other frailty indices in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Cockburn James , Singh Meera Sundar , Rafi Nur Hanis Mohammed , Dooley Maureen , Hutchinson Nevil , Hill Andrew , Trivedi Uday , de Belder Adam , Hildick‐Smith David 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundSurgical risk scoring systems are poor at predicting outcome in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Frailty indices might more accurately predict outcome. Aims: To examine multiple frailty indices as markers of performance to see whether they predict outcomes both in the shorter (30 days) and longer terms (5 years) in patients who have undergone TAVI.MethodsFrailty indices (Mobility; Brighton Mobility Index, New York Heart Association (NYHA), Karnofsky Performance Index, Canadian Study Health Association (CSHA) clinical frailty scale, and Katz Index of Dependence) were assessed in 312 consecutive TAVI patients. Mortality tracking was obtained from the Office of National Statistics as of May 2014.ResultsMean age was 81.2 ± 7.0 years; 53.2% were male. Mean Logistic EuroSCORE and STS were 17.4 ± 9.4 and 4.6 ± 2.8, respectively. Mean peak aortic valve gradient and aortic valve area were 79.1 ± 28.0 mm Hg and 0.72 ± 0.25 cm2, respectively. 30‐day mortality was 4.8%; long‐term mortality (maximum 5.8 years, mean 2.2 ± 1.5 years) was 25.3%. Both univariate and multivariate analyses confirmed poor mobility (defined as severe impairment of mobility secondary to musculoskeletal or neurological dysfunction (Euroscore II risk)), as the best predictor of adverse outcome over both the short‐term (OR 4.03, 95% CI (1.36–11.96), P = 0.012 (30 days)) and longer term (OR 2.15, 95% CI (1.33–3.48), P = 0.002, (2.2 ± 1.5 years.)).ConclusionPoor mobility predicts worse survival among patients undergoing TAVI, both in the shorter and longer terms. Our data suggest that mobility impairment, of either neurological or musculoskeletal etiology, is an appropriate screening measure when considering patients for TAVI. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Creation of a transcatheter fenestration in children with failure of fontan circulation: Focus on extracardiac conduit connection
Authors: Rupp Stefan , Schieke Christin , Kerst Gunter , Mazhari Nona , Moysich Axel , Latus Heiner , Michel‐Behnke Ina , Akintuerk Hakan , Schranz Dietmar 
Published: June 2015

ObjectivesWe report our experience with a transcatheter technique to bypass the lung and to thus improve single‐ventricle preload and reduce venous congestion in Fontan patients.BackgroundIn the absence of a dedicated power source to serve the pulmonary circulation and a significantly elevated transpulmonary pressure gradient, fenestration of the Fontan circulation is an option to improve hemodynamics in patients by relieving excessive systemic venous pressure.Methods and ResultsFrom 2005 to 2011, 22 transcatheter fenestrations were performed without any major complications in 19 patients (median age 3.2 years, interquartile range (IQR) 2.7–3.7 years)) with failing Fontan circulation and exceeding systemic venous pressure. In 16 patients, the procedure was performed for acute postoperative failure 1–24 days after surgery. After perforation of the conduit and atrial wall by a Brockenbrough needle and gradual balloon dilation, premounted stents were expanded to create a diabolo configuration with flaring stent edges, leaving a slight but definitive central waist. The procedure resulted in regression of pleural effusions and a significant decrease in systemic venous pressure. Clinical improvement was observed in 16 of the 19 treated patients. Follow‐up demonstrated sustained fenestration in 85% of treated patients for at least 24 months.ConclusionTranscatheter creation of a Fontan fenestration is a safe approach despite the anatomic gap between the extracardiac conduit cavity and the atrial wall. Stent implantation allows defining the diameter of the fenestration, reduces spontaneous occlusion, and ensures sustained clinical improvement. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.