bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Image guidance in trans-sphenoidal surgery for giant pituitary adenomas: Luxury or necessity?
Authors: Agrawal Deepak 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
In spite of availability of image guidance (neuronavigation) at major centers around the world, most trans-sphenoidal surgeries for pituitary adenomas continue to be done under fluoroscopic control. On the other hand, the high mortality and morbidity for giant pituitary adenomas is mainly due to inadequate tumor removal.
The objective of this study was to study to utility of image guidance in trans-sphenoidal surgeries for optimizing tumor removal in giant pituitary adenomas.
This was a prospective study carried out over a two years (January 2009-December 2010) in the Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences. Patients with giant pituitary adenomas who underwent trans-sphenoidal surgery by the author were included. All surgeries were done under image-guidance only and no fluoroscopy was employed. Trajectory was defined using the image guidance and bone work done accordingly to optimize tumor removal. All patients had a contrast CT of the head done within 48 h of surgery to see for residual tumor.
Sixteen patients with pituitary adenomas were operated using only image-guidance in the study period. Twelve patients had virgin tumors and four patients had recurrent/residual tumors. In four patients, noncontrast MR images were used in for image guidance and contrast CT images were used in the rest. The mean set up time for image-guidance was 11 min (range 7–15 min). The mean “overall accuracy of registration” was 1.6 mm (range 1.4–2.1 mm). The mean operating time was 72 min (range 52–96 min). In all cases, midline and the relation of the carotid artery to the sella could be confirmed using the image-guidance. There were no intraoperative complications. Postoperative scans showed residual tumor in nine patients. The residual tumor was <10% in four patients, <25% in four patients and >25% in one patient (with a fibrous recurrent/residual tumor).
Image guidance markedly improves the visualization of sellar floor and its relation to the carotid arteries, thereby improving the safety and quality of the surgical procedure, besides being free of limitations of fluoroscopy. More importantly the trajectory can be defined for optimizing tumor removal in such patients. Image-guidance can easily replace flouroscopy for trans-sphenoidal surgeries and when available should be the first choice when operating pituitary tumors trans-sphenoidally.
Pulmonary complications in neurosurgical patients
Authors: Madan Karan , Guleria Randeep 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Pulmonary complications are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in neurosurgical patients. The common pulmonary complications in neurosurgical patients include pneumonia, postoperative atelectasis, respiratory failure, pulmonary embolism, and neurogenic pulmonary edema. Postoperative lung expansion strategies have been shown to be useful in prevention of the postoperative complications in surgical patients. Low tidal volume ventilation should be used in patients who develop acute respiratory distress syndrome. An antibiotic use policy should be put in practice depending on the local patterns of antimicrobial resistance in the hospital. Thromboprophylactic strategies should be used in nonambulatory patients. Meticulous attention should be paid to infection control with a special emphasis on hand-washing practices. Prevention and timely management of these complications can help to decrease the morbidity and mortality associated with pulmonary complications.
Scrotal migration of ventriculoperitoneal catheter and hydrocele resolving spontaneously
Authors: Alladi Anand , Ramareddy Raghu 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Shunt migration is a rare, but reported complication of ventriculoperitoneal shunt and migration of the same through the processus vaginalis is known. We present a 20-month-old boy who presented with migration of the ventriculoperitoneal shunt tube through the patent processus vaginalis and a subsequent hydrocele. The hydrocele and migrated shunt resolved spontaneously.
Cochlear implants: our experience and literature review
Authors: de Lima Francis Vinicius Fontes , Santos Ronaldo Carvalho , Santos Arlete Cristina Granizo , Barreto Valéria Maria Prado , de Jesus Eduardo Passos Fiel , Martins Mariane Barreto Brandão 
Published: October 2012

Introduction: Cochlear Implants are important for individuals with severe to profound bilateral sensorineural hearing loss.
Objective: Evaluate the experience of cochlear implant center of Otorhinolaryngology through the analysis of records of 9 patients who underwent cochlear implant surgery.
Methods: This is a retrospective study performed with the patients records. Number 0191.0.107.000-11 ethics committee approval. We evaluated gender, etiology, age at surgery, duration of deafness, classification of deafness, unilateral or bilateral surgery, intraoperative and postoperative neural response and impedance of the electrodes in intraoperative and preoperative tests and found those that counter-indicated surgery.
Results: There were 6 pediatric and 3 adult patients. Four male and 5 female. Etiologies: maternal rubella, cytomegalovirus, ototoxicity, meningitis, and sudden deafness. The age at surgery and duration of deafness ranged from 2–46 years and 2–18 years, respectively. Seven patients were pre-lingual. All had profound bilateral PA. There were 7 bilateral implants. Intraoperative complications: hemorrhage. Complications after surgery: vertigo and internal device failure. In 7 patients the electrodes were implanted through. Telemetry showed satisfactory neural response and impedance. CT and MRI was performed in all patients. We found enlargement of the vestibular aqueduct in a patient and incudomalleolar malformation.
Conclusion: The cochlear implant as a form of auditory rehabilitation is well established and spreading to different centers specialized in otoaudiology. Thus, the need for structured services and trained professionals in this type of procedure is clear.
Engagement With a Mobile Chat-Based Intervention for Smoking Cessation
Authors: Li Yajie , Luk Tzu Tsun , Cheung Yee Tak Derek , Zhao Shengzhi , Zeng Yingpei , Tong Henry Sau Chai , Lai Vienna Wai Yin , Wang Man Ping 
Published: June 2024

ImportanceDetermining how individuals engage with digital health interventions over time is crucial to understand and optimize intervention outcomes.ObjectiveTo identify the engagement trajectories with a mobile chat-based smoking cessation intervention and examine its association with biochemically validated abstinence.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA secondary analysis of a pragmatic, cluster randomized clinical trial conducted in Hong Kong with 6-month follow-up. From June 18 to September 30, 2017, 624 adult daily smokers were recruited from 34 community sites randomized to the intervention group. Data were analyzed from March 6 to October 30, 2023.InterventionChat-based cessation support delivered by a live counselor via a mobile instant messaging app for 3 months from baseline.Main Outcomes and MeasuresGroup-based trajectory modeling was used to identify engagement trajectories using the participants’ weekly responses to the messages from the counselor over the 3-month intervention period. The outcome measures were biochemically validated tobacco abstinence at 3-month (end of treatment) and 6-month follow-ups. Covariates included sex, age, educational level, nicotine dependence, past quit attempt, and intention to quit at baseline.ResultsOf 624 participants included in the analysis, 479 were male (76.8%), and the mean (SD) age was 42.1 (16.2) years. Four distinct engagement trajectories were identified: low engagement group (447 [71.6%]), where participants maintained very low engagement throughout; rapid-declining group (86 [13.8%]), where participants began with moderate engagement and rapidly decreased to a low level; gradual-declining group (58 [9.3%]), where participants had high initial engagement and gradually decreased to a moderate level; and high engagement group (58 [5.3%]), where participants maintained high engagement throughout. Compared with the low engagement group, the 6-month validated abstinence rates were significantly higher in the rapid-declining group (adjusted relative risk [ARR], 3.30; 95% CI, 1.39-7.81), gradual-declining group (ARR, 5.17; 95% CI, 2.21-12.11), and high engagement group (ARR, 4.98; 95% CI, 1.82-13.60). The corresponding ARRs (95% CI) of 3-month validated abstinence were 4.03 (95% CI, 1.53-10.59), 5.25 (95% CI, 1.98-13.88), and 9.23 (95% CI, 3.29-25.86).Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this study suggest that higher levels of engagement with the chat-based smoking cessation intervention were associated with greater biochemically validated tobacco abstinence. Improving engagement with digital interventions may increase intervention benefits.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03182790
Preventing Surgical Site Infections in the Era of Escalating Antibiotic Resistance and Antibiotic Stewardship
Authors: Long Dustin R. , Cifu Adam , Salipante Stephen J. , Sawyer Robert G. , Machutta Kaylie , Alverdy John C. 
Published: June 2024

ImportanceAccording to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and governing bodies within the American College of Surgeons, the administration of antibiotics as prophylaxis against infection prior to a planned elective procedure is, with rare exception, routinely recommended. The goal of “getting to zero” infections remains a high priority for policymakers, practitioners, and certainly for patients.ObservationsDespite the many advances in surgical technique, skin decontamination, sterile procedure, and enhanced recovery programs, surgical site infections continue to adversely affect procedures as diverse as dental implant surgery, joint arthroplasty, and major abdominal surgery. Although surgical site infection rates are at historically low levels, progress has stalled in recent reporting periods and such infections remain disabling, costly, and occasionally lethal. Stakeholders in the field, including surgeons, infectious diseases specialists, and industry, advocate for strategies emphasizing greater levels of intraoperative sterility or broader-spectrum antibiotic coverage as the most appropriate path forward.Conclusions and RelevanceThe current emphasis on ever-increasing levels of intraoperative sterility and extended-spectrum antibiotic use are not sustainable long-term solutions. Continuing to escalate these approaches may contribute to unintended consequences including antimicrobial resistance. Principles of antimicrobial stewardship and microbiome sciences can be applied to inform a more effective and sustainable approach to infection prevention in the field of surgery.
Reinforced Electrons Transfer and Capture in S‐Scheme TiO2@Co(OH)F‐Pt Heterojunction for Excellent Solar Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Li Xinpei , Zhang Wen , Yang Fan , Yao Shuang , Li Lina , An Xuguang , Xi Baojuan , Xiong Shenglin , An Changhua 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTiO2 with the merits of non‐toxicity, high stability, strong redox capability, and low cost, has garnered considerable attention in the fields of renewable energy. However, the practical application is limited by the rapid recombination of photogenerated electron–hole pairs, posing a challenge to enhance electron utilization without compromising catalytic activity. Herein, S‐scheme TiO2@Co(OH)F‐Pt heterojunction through a simple hydrothermal and photo‐deposition method is constructed. The experimental tests and theoretical computation indicate that Co(OH)F possesses a smaller work function and a more negative conduction band (CB) position, significantly accelerating the separation of photogenerated charge carriers. Furthermore, the built‐in electric field, band bending between TiO2 and Co(OH)F, and the electron sink of Pt nanoparticles, facilitate the reduction of protons to hydrogen. The as‐prepared TiO2@Co(OH)F‐Pt exhibits high‐performance solar hydrogen evolution with an evolution rate of 1401 µmol h−1. The apparent quantum yield (AQY) is determined to be 22.8% at a single wavelength of 365 nm. After reacting 12 h for three cycles, no noticeable performance degradation occurs, showing good stability of the catalyst. This work provides a rational strategy for the design of heterojunction photocatalysts for driving the production of new energy and useful chemicals.
An evaluation of Congressional Budget Office's baseline projections of USDA mandatory farm and nutrition programs
Authors: Regmi Hari P. , Kuethe Todd H. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe Congressional Budget Office (CBO) projections of USDA's mandatory farm and nutrition program outlays are important in shaping US agricultural policy. Using CBO projections and observed outcomes from 1985 through 2020, we examine the degree to which projections of farm, supplemental nutrition assistance program (SNAP), and child nutrition program outlays are unbiased, efficient, and informative. We find that projections for farm and child nutrition program outlays are unbiased, SNAP outlays are unbiased at short‐term but are downward biased beyond a 3‐year horizon. All three series of projections are inefficient. SNAP and child nutrition program outlay projections are informative up to a 5‐year horizon, but the farm program outlay projections are informative for only a 1‐year horizon. Disaggregated farm program data since 2008 suggests that the uninformativeness principally stems from conservation and commodity program projections. The findings may be valuable to CBO, as they continue to improve projections, and to projection users, in adjusting their expectations.
Evidence for female dominance in the Milne‐Edwards' sportive lemur (Lepilemur edwardsi)
Authors: Rasoloharijaona Solofonirina , Randrianambinina Blanchard , Radespiel Ute 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFemale dominance over males is more frequent in Malagasy lemurs than in other primate clades, but patterns of female–male dominance vary among species, and few data are available for one particularly species‐rich genus, Lepilemur. We investigated the types, temporal distribution, and outcome of female–male agonistic conflicts in the Milne‐Edwards' sportive lemur (Lepilemur edwardsi). Ten L. edwardsi belonging to five social units were equipped with radio collars and observed during 79 focal follows between May and November 1998. We quantified agonistic conflicts, monthly conflict rates, and documented the winner and context for all conflicts. Female–male agonistic conflicts (N = 162) occurred at a mean rate of 0.21 conflicts/hour within groups. Agonistic conflicts peaked during the birth season and occurred mostly in unknown or infant proximity contexts. Females won 96% of all decided agonistic conflicts (N = 154). Other outcomes occurred only when females were with infants during the birth season. In that context, one female sometimes withdrew from her pair partner, and another female withdrew or fled from an extra‐group male whose attacks eventually led to infanticide. Our results suggest female dominance in pair‐living L. edwardsi. We hypothesize that elevated female aggression may convey fitness benefits to female Lepilemur because it generally allows females to intervene quickly and efficiently on behalf of their infants against nonfather males who may approach the newborn infants when they are parked in vegetation.
Ln3+ Induced Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence of Chiral Heterometallic Clusters Ln2Ag28
Authors: Wang Xue‐Tao , He Sheng‐Rong , Lv Fang‐Wen , Wang Xue‐Ting , Hong Mei‐Xin , Cao Lingyun , Zhuang Gui‐Lin , Chen Cheng , Zheng Jun , Long La‐Sheng , Zheng Xiu‐Ying 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA series of TADF‐active compounds: 0D chiral Ln−Ag(I) clusters L‐/D‐Ln2Ag28‐0D (Ln=Eu/Gd) and 2D chiral Ln−Ag(I) cluster‐based frameworks L‐/D‐Ln2Ag28‐2D (Ln=Gd) has been synthesized. Atomic‐level structural analysis showed that the chiral Ag(I) cluster units {Ag14S12} in L‐/D‐Ln2Ag28‐0D and L‐/D‐Ln2Ag28‐2D exhibited similar configurations, linked by varying numbers of [Ln(H2O)x]3+ (x=6 for 0D, x=3 for 2D) to form the final target compounds. Temperature‐dependent emission spectra and decay lifetimes measurement demonstrated the presence of TADF in L‐Ln2Ag28‐0D (Ln=Eu/Gd) and L‐Gd2Ag28‐2D. Experimentally, the remarkable TADF properties primarily originated from {Ag14S12} moieties in these compounds. Notably, {Ag14S12} in L‐Eu2Ag28‐0D and L‐Gd2Ag28‐2D displayed higher promote fluorescence rate and shorter TADF decay times than L‐Gd2Ag28‐0D. Combined with theoretical calculations, it was determined that the TADF behaviors of {Ag14S12} cluster units were induced by 4 f perturbation of Ln3+ ions. Specially, while maintaining ΔE(S1–T1) small enough, it can significantly increase k(S1→S0) and reduce TADF decay time by adjusting the type or number of Ln3+ ions, thus achieving the purpose of improving TADF for cluster‐based luminescent materials.
A Small‐Molecule Inhibitor of Factor Inhibiting HIF Binding to a Tyrosine‐Flip Pocket for the Treatment of Obesity
Authors: Wu Yue , Chen Yafen , Corner Thomas P. , Nakashima Yu , Salah Eidarus , Li Zhihong , Zhang Linjian , Yang Le , Tumber Anthony , Sun Zhuoli , Wen Yukang , Zhong Ailin , Yang Fulai , Li Xiang , Zhang Zhihong , Schofield Christopher J. , Zhang Xiaojin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn animals, limiting oxygen upregulates the hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF) and promotes a metabolic shift towards glycolysis. Factor inhibiting HIF (FIH) is an asparaginyl hydroxylase that regulates HIF function by reducing its interaction with histone acetyl transferases. HIF levels are negatively regulated by the HIF prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) which, like FIH, are 2‐oxoglutarate (2OG) oxygenases. Genetic loss of FIH promotes both glycolysis and aerobic metabolism. FIH has multiple non‐HIF substrates making it challenging to connect its biochemistry with physiology. A structure–mechanism guided approach identified a highly potent in vivo active FIH inhibitor, ZG‐2291, the binding of which promotes a conformational flip of a catalytically important tyrosine, enabling the selective inhibition of FIH over other Jumonji C subfamily 2OG oxygenases. Consistent with genetic studies, ZG‐2291 promotes thermogenesis and ameliorates symptoms of obesity and metabolic dysfunction in ob/ob mice. The results reveal ZG‐2291 as a useful probe for the physiological functions of FIH and identify FIH inhibition as a promising strategy for obesity treatment.
Capturing the Interplay Between TADF and RTP Through Mechanically Flexible Polymorphic Optical Waveguides
Authors: Vinod Kumar Avulu , Pattanayak Pradip , Khapre Ankur , Nandi Arnab , Purkayastha Pradipta , Chandrasekar Rajadurai 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPolymorphism plays a pivotal role in generating a range of crystalline materials with diverse photophysical and mechanical attributes, all originating from the same molecule. Here, we showcase two distinct polymorphs: green (GY) emissive and orange (OR) emissive crystals of 5′‐(4‐(diphenylamino)phenyl)‐[2,2′‐bithiophene]‐5‐carbaldehyde (TPA‐CHO). These polymorphs display differing optical characteristics, with GY exhibiting thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and OR showing room temperature phosphorescence (RTP). Additionally, both polymorphic crystals display mechanical flexibility and optical waveguiding capabilities. Leveraging the AFM‐tip‐based mechanophotonics technique, we position the GY optical waveguide at varying lengths perpendicular to the OR waveguide. This approach facilitates the exploration of the interplay between TADF and RTP phenomena by judiciously controlling the optical path length of crystal waveguides. Essentially, our approach provides a clear pathway for understanding and controlling the photophysical processes in organic molecular crystals, paving the way for advancements in polymorphic crystal‐based photonic circuit technologies.
Modulation of Li+ microenvironment in liquid electrolyte for interface design of Li‐metal anodes
Authors: Lim Minhong , Lee Jiwon , Lee Soyeon , Park Seungsoo , Lee Hongkyung 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWhile lithium metal anodes (LMAs) offer the highest energy density, positioning them as a promising material for graphite, they suffer from uneven electroplating morphology and the formation of Li dendrites. Given the pivotal role of the solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI), which is formed by electrolyte decomposition, in mitigating dendritic growth, extensive research has been conducted on liquid electrolytes in Li metal batteries (LMBs). This mini‐review presents the historical advancements in LMB electrolytes, focusing on modulating the Li+ microenvironment and LMA interface chemistry to inhibit Li dendrite formation. We traced the evolution of LMB electrolytes from traditional formulations to advanced designs. In particular, the reinforcement of the SEI and the compact morphology of the deposited Li are deeply discussed at each advancement in liquid electrolytes. We subsequently identify common characteristics among these advanced electrolytes and conclude by discussing future directions and strategies for rational design.
Simultaneous determination of four fungicide residues in figs using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Lan Feng , Wang Xinyu , Wang Xuejing , Ruan Yinwei , Ding Li , Liu Daliang , Zhang Tongliang , Wang Jianping 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDissipative behavior and final residue levels of difenoconazole, prochloraz, propiconazole, and pyraclostrobin in figs were investigated using field trials and laboratory assays. A three‐factor, three‐level orthogonal test was designed to optimize the pretreatment conditions of the method. A method was established using high‐performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of difenoconazole, prochloraz, propiconazole, and pyraclostrobin residues in figs. The limit of quantification for all four targets in figs was 0.002 mg/kg. Difenoconazole, prochloraz, propiconazole, and pyraclostrobin are readily digestible pesticides in figs with half‐lives of 6.4, 6.2, 4.8, and 7.9 days, respectively. Residues of difenoconazole, prochloraz, propiconazole, and pyraclostrobin in figs were below the European Union established residue levels of 0.1, 0.03, 0.01, and 0.02 mg/kg, respectively, at day 7 after application. Pyraclostrobin, propiconazole, difenoconazole, and prochloraz were applied twice at doses of 75, 125, 150, and 200 mg a.i./kg at 7‐day intervals, and the residues of the four fungicides in figs were acceptable 7 days after the last application. Therefore, the safety interval can be set at 7 days for 70% difenoconazole‐prochloraz wettable powder and 40% pyraclostrobin‐propiconazole aqueous emulsion according to the protocol.
A new fossil species of the extant genus Vicelva from mid‐Cretaceous Kachin amber (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)
Authors: Li Yan‐Da , Newton Alfred F. , Huang Di‐Ying , Cai Chen‐Yang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA new species of the extant staphylinid genus Vicelva Moore & Legner, V. rasilis sp. nov., is reported from mid‐Cretaceous Kachin amber of northern Myanmar. Vicelva rasilis is distinguishable from extant members of Vicelva by the smoother dorsal surface of head, pronotum and elytra, less prominent median projection of clypeus, unnotched mesal edge of mandibles, semiglabrous antennomere 6, and longer tarsomere 1. The pollen‐containing coprolite attached to the beetle and the crystals within the beetle body provide valuable information about the biology and taphonomy of the fossil.