bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness of using CPUE data derived from Vessel Monitoring Systems and fisheries logbooks to estimate scallop biomass
Authors: Murray Lee G. , Hinz Hilmar , Hold Natalie , Kaiser Michel J. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Murray, L. G., Hinz, H., Hold, N., and Kaiser, M. J. 2013. The effectiveness of using CPUE data derived from Vessel Monitoring Systems and fisheries logbooks to estimate scallop biomass. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: . Obtaining accurate data on abundance is vital to undertaking viable stock assessments of commercially exploited species. Satellite Vessel Monitoring Systems (VMSs) combined with fisheries logbooks have the potential to provide an abundant source of data with greater spatial and temporal coverage than research surveys. However, to date it has not been demonstrated how well VMS-derived abundance or biomass indices reflect research survey results. In this study we compared biomass indices of scallops derived from (i) fishing vessel surveys, (ii) research vessel surveys, and (iii) fishery-dependent data using VMSs and logbooks. In most cases there were strong relationships between biomass indices of Pecten maximus from fishing vessels and the research vessel. There were stronger relationships between P. maximus biomass indices from fishery-dependent VMS and logbook data and research vessel data at the beginning of the fishing season, when abundance was higher, but weaker relationships at the end of the fishing season. The time and location of sampling affected biomass estimates over short periods, and without standardizing to location and vessel, biomass depletion was masked. Fishery-dependent data provides a valid means of assessing relative scallop abundance and may prove equally viable in other fisheries with appropriate standardization of Catch Per Unit Effort (CPUE) data, making real-time management of fisheries increasingly feasible.
Forage fish quality: seasonal lipid dynamics of herring (Clupea harengus L.) and sprat (Sprattus sprattus L.) in the Baltic Sea
Authors: Røjbek Maria C. , Tomkiewicz Jonna , Jacobsen Charlotte , Støttrup Josianne G. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Røjbek, M. C., Tomkiewicz, J., Jacobsen, C., and Støttrup, J. G. Forage fish quality: seasonal lipid dynamics of herring (Clupea harengus L.) and sprat (Sprattus sprattus L.) in the Baltic Sea. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 71: . This study investigates lipid content and fatty acid composition of two important forage fish, sprat (Sprattus sprattus) and herring (Clupea harengus) in the Baltic Sea ecosystem. Seasonal variation in lipids was studied during three periods following the annual reproductive cycle considering potential differences relating to fish size, sex, and reproductive status. The isopod Saduria entomon, being at times an important prey for predatory fish, was included for comparison. In both sprat and herring, lipid content and absolute contents of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) varied seasonally with high levels towards the end of the annual zooplankton production cycle, succeeded by a decline. Lipid content and fatty acid composition differed significantly between sprat and herring. Sprat lipid content was higher than herring, increasing with fish size and characterized by large proportions of monounsaturated fatty acids. Herring lipid content was related to the reproductive cycle and proportions of PUFAs were high compared with sprat. Levels of essential PUFAs were high in S. entomon compared with clupeids rendering it a valuable alternative prey species in the Baltic Sea ecosystem. The lipid dynamics of forage fish and benthos, combined with changes in availability and abundance, will affect growth and reproduction of their predators.
Loss of Starch Granule Initiation Has a Deleterious Effect on the Growth of Arabidopsis Plants Due to an Accumulation of ADP-Glucose
Authors: Ragel Paula , Streb Sebastian , Feil Regina , Sahrawy Mariam , Annunziata Maria Grazia , Lunn John E. , Zeeman Samuel , Mérida Ángel 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
STARCH SYNTHASE4 (SS4) is required for proper starch granule initiation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), although SS3 can partially replace its function. Unlike other starch-deficient mutants, ss4 and ss3/ss4 mutants grow poorly even under long-day conditions. They have less chlorophyll and carotenoids than the wild type and lower maximal rates of photosynthesis. There is evidence of photooxidative damage of the photosynthetic apparatus in the mutants from chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters and their high levels of malondialdehyde. Metabolite profiling revealed that ss3/ss4 accumulates over 170 times more ADP-glucose (Glc) than wild-type plants. Restricting ADP-Glc synthesis, by introducing mutations in the plastidial phosphoglucomutase (pgm1) or the small subunit of ADP-Glc pyrophosphorylase (aps1), largely restored photosynthetic capacity and growth in pgm1/ss3/ss4 and aps1/ss3/ss4 triple mutants. It is proposed that the accumulation of ADP-Glc in the ss3/ss4 mutant sequesters a large part of the plastidial pools of adenine nucleotides, which limits photophosphorylation, leading to photooxidative stress, causing the chlorotic and stunted growth phenotypes of the plants.
The developmental plasticity and functional significance of an additional sperm storage compartment in female yellow dung flies
Authors: Schäfer Martin A. , Berger David , Jochmann Ralf , Blanckenhorn Wolf U. , Bussière Luc F. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryThe mechanistic basis for and adaptive significance of variation in female sperm storage organs are important for a range of questions concerning sexual selection and speciation, as such variation influences the evolutionary trajectories of male fertilization related traits and may facilitate speciation through its effects on gamete recognition.Female yellow dung flies (Scathophaga stercoraria)usually develop three sperm storage compartments, and this subdivision may be an adaptation for sorting sperm during postcopulatory choice.Using lines artificially selected to express four spermathecae (4s), we explored the fitness consequences of the novel phenotype relative to the naturally prevalent three‐spermatheca (3s) phenotype by manipulating the opportunity for postcopulatory sexual selection (females mated either with three or only one male prior to oviposition). In addition, we examined the developmental plasticity of spermathecal number in response to different larval food environments and estimated its genetic correlation with growth rate.Mating treatments with and without the opportunity for postcopulatory sexual selection revealed no significant fitness differences between alternative spermathecal phenotypes within selection lines despite overall benefits associated with multiple mating, and moderate egg‐to‐adult survival costs in response to artificial selection for 4s. Manipulations of the larval food environment revealed that the expression of 4s is highly plastic and tightly linked to environmental conditions promoting fast somatic growth and development. Likewise, siblings with fast intrinsic (genetic) growth were more likely to express 4s within and across food environments.The present results highlight a great potential for rapid evolutionary change in female sperm storage morphology through indirect selection on life‐history traits, and further suggest genetic assimilation as a potential mechanism facilitating phylogenetic transitions in spermatheca number as frequently observed within the Dipterans.
Climate‐driven change in plant–insect interactions along elevation gradients
Authors: Rasmann Sergio , Pellissier Loïc , Defossez Emmanuel , Jactel Hervé , Kunstler Georges 
Published: July 2013

Summary

Global warming is predicted to dramatically alter communities' composition through differential colonization abilities, such as between sessile plants and their mobile herbivores. Novel interactions between previously non‐overlapping species may, however, also be mediated by altered plants' responses to herbivore attack.

Syndromes of plant defences and tolerance are driven by inherited functional traits, biotic and abiotic conditions, and the geographical and historical contingencies affecting the community. Therefore, understanding climate change‐driven herbivore responses and evolution towards a particular plant defence syndrome is key to forecasting species interactions in the near future.

In this paper, we first document variations in herbivory, and plant defences along altitudinal gradients that act as ‘natural experiments’. We then use an empirical model to predict how specialist herbivore abundance may shift with respect to elevation in the near future.

Our field surveys and field experiment showed a decrease in herbivory with elevation. However, contrary to expectations, our meta‐regression analyses showed that plant defences, particularly leaf toughness and flavonoid compounds, tend to be higher at high elevations, while secondary metabolites showed no clear trend with elevation.

Based on those results, we discuss how plant communities and species‐specific plant defence syndromes will change in response to the climate‐driven herbivore colonization of higher altitudes. Particularly, plant from high elevation, due to high protection against abiotic stress may be already ecologically fitted to resist the sudden increase in herbivory pressure that they will likely experience during global change.
The social bases of nuclear energy policies in Europe: Ideology, proximity, belief updating and attitudes to risk
Authors: Franchino Fabio 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis article analyses the social bases underpinning the widely different trajectories of nuclear energy policies across Western European countries. Employing a set of surveys carried out in the last thirty years, it examines the conditional effects of ideology and geographical proximity to a nuclear power plant on attitudes toward nuclear energy, as well as the long‐ and short‐term dynamics of belief updating after the occurrence of major accidents. Results highlight how proximity can strengthen, weaken or have no effect on the ideological component of these attitudes. Moreover, the publics of most countries with experience in nuclear energy display the traits of Bayesian dynamics of belief updating, especially in the vicinity of a plant. The article also shows the fairly exceptional traits of French public opinion. In conclusion, the broad social constraints within which governments operate, across time and space, shed light on the different policy trajectories of European countries.
The Influence of Biodiversity Provision on the Cost Structure of Swedish Dairy Farming
Authors: Gullstrand Joakim , De Blander Rembert , Waldo Staffan 
Published: July 2013

AbstractMulti‐functionality and the provision of eco‐system services are politically highly prioritised aspects of farming. This study uses a Symmetric Generalised McFadden cost function to analyze the relationship between costs of production and the provision of biodiversity for Swedish milk farms. Biodiversity indicators are based on the number of valuable plant species present at the farm and are modeled as an output in the cost function. The results show that the marginal cost of biodiversity increases with higher provision, and that an increased provision of biodiversity also increases the costs of market commodities such as milk and beef. The upward slope of the marginal cost of biodiversity and its competitive relationship with market goods questions the efficiency of support schemes based on voluntary programmes with a flat‐rate per hectare compensation. Instead, the results support targeted environmental policy schemes with zonings and/or the use of biodiversity indicators.
Introduction of an accelerated diagnostic protocol in the assessment of emergency department patients with possible acute coronary syndrome: The Nambour Short Low‐Intermediate Chest pain project
Authors: George Terry , Ashover Sarah , Cullen Louise , Larsen Peter , Gibson Jason , Bilesky Jennifer , Coverdale Steven , Parsonage William 
Published: July 2013

AbstractEmergency physicians can feel pressured by opposing forces of clinical reality and the need to publish successful key performance indicators in an environment of increasing demands and cost containment. This is particularly relevant to management of patients with undifferentiated chest pain and possible acute coronary syndrome. Unreliability of clinical assessment and high risk of adverse outcomes for all concerned exist, yet national guidelines are at odds with efforts to reduce ED crowding and access block. We report findings from the Nambour Short Low‐Intermediate Chest pain risk trial, which safely introduced an accelerated diagnostic protocol with reduced ED length of stay and high patient acceptability. Over a 7‐month period, there were no major adverse cardiac events by 30 days in 19% of undifferentiated chest pain presentations with possible acute coronary syndrome discharged after normal sensitive cardiac troponin taken 2 h after presentation and scheduled to return for outpatient exercise stress test.
Tick bite anaphylaxis: Incidence and management in an Australian emergency department
Authors: Rappo Tristan B , Cottee Alice M , Ratchford Andrew M , Burns Brian J 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectivesTicks are endemic to the eastern coastline of Australia. The aim of the present study is to describe the incidence of tick bites in such an area, the seasonal and geographical distribution, the incidence of anaphylaxis due to tick bite and its management.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed emergency presentations of patients with tick bites to Mona Vale Hospital on Sydney's Northern Beaches over a 2 year period from 1 January 2007 to 1 January 2009. We recorded the geographical and seasonal distribution of tick bites as well as the symptoms from tick bite and its emergency management.ResultsWe report over 500 cases of tick bites presenting to a single New South Wales hospital over a 2 year period, of which 34 resulted in anaphylaxis. Cutaneous symptoms were the most common feature associated with anaphylaxis (32/34, 94%). Forty per cent (13/34) of patients with tick bite anaphylaxis had a history of allergy or previous anaphylaxis. Seventy‐six per cent (26/34) of patients were administered adrenaline either prior to presenting or in the ED, while 97% (33/34) were treated with steroids. Fifty‐three per cent were referred to an immunologist and only one‐quarter were discharged with an adrenaline auto‐injector.ConclusionWe report 34 cases of tick bite anaphylaxis over a 2 year period at a single hospital in a tick endemic area. The variation in the presenting symptoms and signs, as well as in management highlights the need for increased awareness for tick bite management in tick endemic areas.
Exploration of the perceptions of emergency physicians and interns regarding the medical documentation practices of interns
Authors: Isoardi Jonathon , Spencer Lyndall , Sinnott Michael , Nicholls Kim , O'Connor Angela , Jones Fleur 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectivesThe primary objective of the present study was to learn the factors that influence the documentation practices of ED interns. A second objective was to identify the expectations of emergency physicians (EPs) towards the medical record documentation of ED interns.MethodsA qualitative design was adopted using semi‐structured interviews in convenience samples drawn from both groups.ResultsEighteen interviews were conducted with intern volunteers and 10 with EP volunteers. One (5%) intern and two (20%) EPs had received medical documentation training. Factors that encouraged interns' documentation included: patient acuity (the more critical the condition, the more comprehensive the documentation) and the support of senior colleagues. Inhibiting factors included uncertainty about how much to write, and the shift being worked (interns indicated they wrote less at night). Factors of consequence to senior personnel included the apparent reluctance of interns to document management plans. They noted that interns frequently confine their notes to assessment, investigations and treatments, whereas EPs preferred records that demonstrated intern thought processes and included such matters as future actions to follow immediate treatment. A positive theme that emerged included the high level of support interns received from their senior colleagues. Another theme, the influence of patient acuity, held both positive and negative implications for intern writing practices.ConclusionThe lack of formal training is an impediment to the production of useful medical records by ED interns. One solution proposed by both interns and senior personnel was the introduction of the subject into intern education programmes.
Effects of emergency department Care Coordination Team referrals in older people presenting with a fall
Authors: Harper Kristie J , Gibson Nicholas P , Barton Annette D , Petta Antonio C , Pearson Sara K , Celenza Antonio 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectivesThe study aims to describe the characteristics of patients presenting to an ED with a fall and evaluate multidisciplinary Care Coordination Team (CCT) referrals on patient outcomes.MethodsA single‐centred retrospective analysis of electronic data at an adult tertiary hospital was performed using data from 2004 to 2009 of presentations for patients aged 65 years or over with a fall. The primary outcome measure was representation to hospital within 30 days, comparing patients referred to CCT and those not referred. Secondary outcomes were differences in demographic characteristics, mode of arrival, triage score and readmission.ResultsThe proportion of ED patients presenting with a fall and their mean age is stable over time. From 2006 to 2009, 5162 fallers were referred to CCT in a decreasing trend, but with increased urgency. Statistically significant predictors for being referred to CCT were increasing age, being female, arriving by ambulance, being transferred from a nursing home and higher socioeconomic category. Arrival by ambulance and a history of previous falls were associated with representation and readmission. A decreasing trend from 2006 to 2009 was seen in rate ratios and odds ratios via regression modelling for both representation and readmission in patients referred to CCT.ConclusionMaturing of the CCT is associated with a decrease in representation and readmission rate. Over time, the CCT attended higher urgency patients associated with stable admission rates. These associations were not significant and the clinical effectiveness of ED CCTs requires further examination.
Nurse‐initiated analgesia pathway for paediatric patients in the emergency department: A clinical intervention trial
Authors: Taylor Simone E , McD Taylor David , Jao Kathy , Goh Shyan , Ward Meagan 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe study aims to evaluate the impact of a nurse‐initiated analgesia pathway (NIAP) intervention for paediatric patients in the ED.MethodsWe undertook a pre‐ and post‐intervention trial in a large, tertiary referral, mixed ED. The intervention comprised development and implementation of a comprehensive NIA Standing Order. In addition to paracetamol, which nurses could initiate pre‐intervention, they were authorised to administer ibuprofen, paracetamol/codeine combinations and topical local anaesthetics prior to a doctor assessing the patient. All nurses were trained and credentialed prior to administering the NIAP. Patients aged 5–17 years with a triage pain score of ≥4 (Wong–Baker or numerical rating scale) were eligible for enrolment. The primary outcome was time to analgesia. Secondary outcomes were the proportion of patients who received ‘adequate analgesia’ and parental satisfaction with ED pain management (measured 48 h post‐discharge).ResultsFifty‐one children were enrolled in both the pre‐ and post‐intervention periods. Patient sex and mean age, weight and triage pain score did not differ between the groups (P > 0.05). At post‐intervention, significantly more patients received nurse‐initiated analgesia (3.0% vs 43.9%; P < 0.001) and the median time to analgesia was significantly reduced (58 min vs 23 min; P < 0.01). Also, significantly more patients received ‘adequate analgesia’ post‐intervention (41.2% vs 72.5%; P < 0.001). At follow up, the proportion of parents who were very satisfied with their child's overall pain management trended upwards in the post‐intervention period (47.1% vs 66.7%; P = 0.07). No adverse events were observed during either period.ConclusionThe NIAP significantly reduced time to analgesia. It was associated with high levels of parental satisfaction.
Clinical applications for magnetic resonance guided high intensity focused ultrasound (MRgHIFU): Present and future
Authors: Ellis Samantha , Rieke Viola , Kohi Maureen , Westphalen Antonio C 
Published: July 2013

SummaryIt has been well known for decades that high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) generates heat in tissues resulting in coagulative necrosis. Implementation, however, has been slow, due to difficulties with finding an appropriate imaging modality that could not only guide treatment, but also provide real‐time thermal feedback. These problems have been overcome with the newest magnetic resonance‐guided high intensity focused ultrasound systems (MRgHIFU). With its superior spatial resolution enabling accurate image guidance coupled with its ability to provide real‐time thermography during treatments, MRI is moving further into the realm of therapeutics for oncologic patient care.This article will discuss the implementation of an MR‐guided HIFU system, current clinical indications and touch on future directions.