bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oceanographic dynamics and the end of the last interglacial in the subpolar North Atlantic
Authors: Mokeddem Zohra , McManus Jerry F. , Oppo Delia W. 
Published: July 2014

Significance
The last interglacial, ∼125,000 y ago, was the last extended warm period the earth has known before our Common Era of the past 11,000 y. Its end came after ∼15,000 y, paced by the decline in northern summer insolation, and followed by a glacial age lasting 100,000 y. Yet the ocean dynamics contributing to this glacial initiation and its global propagation are not fully understood, nor are their general role in climate evolution understood. This study assesses the role of the ocean’s gyre systems and fronts as dynamical components in large-scale climate change. Using microfossils, we document progressive southward advances of Arctic and polar hydrographic fronts into the subpolar North Atlantic Ocean, which trigger regional coolings and accelerate the transition into the glacial age.
Diversity-oriented combinatorial biosynthesis of benzenediol lactone scaffolds by subunit shuffling of fungal polyketide synthases
Authors: Xu Yuquan , Zhou Tong , Zhang Shuwei , Espinosa-Artiles Patricia , Wang Luoyi , Zhang Wei , Lin Min , Gunatilaka A. A. Leslie , Zhan Jixun , Molnár István 
Published: July 2014

Significance
Benzenediol lactone (BDL) polyketides are privileged structures whose various members bind to distinct receptors or modulate the heat shock response and the immune system. BDLs are biosynthesized by collaborating polyketide synthase enzyme pairs in fungi. Coexpressing random heterocombinations of these enzymes from different BDL biosynthetic pathways in yeast cells is shown here to lead to the one-pot, one-step combinatorial biosynthesis of structurally diverse polyketides in practical amounts. Combinatorial biosynthesis promises to generate a novel unexplored source of bioactive molecules in an environmentally sustainable, economical, and inherently scalable manner. Broadening the medicinally relevant chemical space of polyketides by such methods will provide unnatural products as valuable entry points for drug discovery and development.
Denervation protects limbs from inflammatory arthritis via an impact on the microvasculature
Authors: Stangenberg Lars , Burzyn Dalia , Binstadt Bryce A. , Weissleder Ralph , Mahmood Umar , Benoist Christophe , Mathis Diane 
Published: July 2014

SignificanceIndividuals who suffer paralysis on one side of the body and then develop rheumatoid arthritis show joint inflammation only on the neurologically intact side. We successfully modeled hemiplegia-induced protection from arthritis by transferring arthritogenic serum from K/BxN mice into recipients that had undergone unilateral sciatic and femoral nerve transection. Protection from serum-transferred arthritis could not be achieved by inhibiting the sympathetic, parasympathetic, or sensory arms of the nervous system. However, nerve transection did inhibit the joint-localized, inflammation-enhancing vascular leak rapidly induced by arthritogenic immune complexes and suggestively altered the transcriptome of the ankle microvasculature.
Correlating animal and human phase Ia/Ib clinical data with CALAA-01, a targeted, polymer-based nanoparticle containing siRNA
Authors: Zuckerman Jonathan E. , Gritli Ismael , Tolcher Anthony , Heidel Jeremy D. , Lim Dean , Morgan Robert , Chmielowski Bartosz , Ribas Antoni , Davis Mark E. , Yen Yun 
Published: July 2014

Significance
CALAA-01 is a targeted nanoparticle containing siRNA that is a first-in-class experimental therapeutic for cancer. To our knowledge, it is the first targeted, polymer-based nanoparticle-carrying siRNA to be systemically administered to humans. Results from a human phase Ia/Ib clinical trial are presented and correlated to preclinical animal data to provide an initial assessment of how this class of experimental therapeutics is translated from animals to humans.
Long‐Term Experience With ZENPEP in Infants With Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency Associated With Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Wooldridge Jamie L. , Schaeffer David , Jacobs David , Thieroff‐Ekerdt Ruth 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTThe objective of our study was to determine whether infants with cystic fibrosis who developed exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in early infancy would tolerate long‐term treatment with ZENPEP (pancrelipase) delayed‐release capsules, containing 3000 US Pharmacopeia units of lipase/capsule, and demonstrate consistent long‐term growth. The most common treatment‐emergent adverse events were diarrhea, vomiting, and constipation (mild or moderate). At study completion, median weight‐for‐age percentiles increased from 22nd to 49th, median length‐for‐age percentiles increased from 36.5th to 42nd, and median weight‐for‐length percentiles increased from 41.5th to 55.5th. Long‐term treatment (up to 12 months) of infants with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency owing to cystic fibrosis with ZENPEP was well tolerated and associated with improved growth parameters. This is the first long‐term study of pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy conducted in this patient population.
Nondestructive Methods for Recovery of Biological Material from Human Teeth for DNA Extraction
Authors: Hervella Montserrat , Iñiguez Maitane G. , Izagirre Neskuts , Anta Alberto , de‐la‐Rúa Concepción 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe extraction of DNA from human skeletal remains applied to forensic, and evolutionary studies do not exclude risks, which are to be evaluated when working with unique specimens that could be damaged or even destroyed. In the present study were evaluated several nondestructive methods for recovering DNA instead of the most currently used pulverization method. Three different procedures to access inside the dental pieces (occlusal perforation, cervical perforation, and cervical cut) have been compared with the aim of recovering as many cell remains as possible to carry out a DNA extraction. Given the DNA quantitation results, a method was proposed that consists of a cervical cut to facilitate the access to the pulp cavity and a subsequent filing of the root canals down to the apex of the dental root. This methodology allows the recovery of both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, with the minimum deterioration for the dental pieces.
Evaluation of different obesity indices as predictors of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a Chinese population评价不同肥胖指数在中国人群中预测2型糖尿病的价值
Authors: Xiao Xianchao , Liu Yujia , Sun Chenglin , Gang Xiaokun , Cheng Jie , Tian Suyan , Gao Ying , Lv You , Sun Zhonghua , Li Yazhen , He Ping , Liu Yang , Wang Gang , Gao Yuan , Zhu Liwen , Liu Yan , Wang Guixia 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the present study was to compare correlation coefficients between anthropometric indices and blood glucose level, and to determine optimal cutoff points of obesity indices in a Chinese population.Methods2419 males and 5140 females participated in this study in Changchun city. Weight, height, WC (waist circumference) and hip circumference were measured; and BMI (body mass index), WHtR (waist height ratio), WHR (waist hip ratio) and BAI (body adiposity index) were calculated by formulas. FPG (fasting plasma glucose), PPG (post‐load plasma glucose), HbA1c (glycosylated hemoglobin) and FSI (fasting serum insulin) were measured.ResultsWHtR had the highest partial correlation coefficients with blood glucose and HbA1c in both males and females; however, BAI had the lowest coefficients. AUC (area under receiver operating characteristic curves) for WHtR in screening type 2 diabetes mellitus were higher than other indices. We confirmed that the optimal cutoff points of obesity for WHtR, WHR, WC, BMI and BAI were 0.55, 0.92, 88.1, 25.9 and 28.1 in males, and 0.52, 0.85, 81.6, 24.6 and 31.0 in females, respectively.ConclusionsCentral obesity correlates more closely to glucose metabolism in Chinese population than general obesity. WHtR is the best index to predict type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese adults.
Intimate partner violence against Spanish pregnant women: application of two screening instruments to assess prevalence and associated factors
Authors: Velasco Casilda , Luna Juan D. , Martin Aurelia , Caño Africa , Martin‐de‐las‐Heras Stella 
Published: July 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of intimate partner violence in Spanish women during the 12 months prior to delivery and to identify associated risk factors using two screening instruments.DesignA population‐based study.SettingFifteen public hospitals in southern Spain.PopulationA total of 779 women admitted to the hospital obstetrics department.MethodsIntimate partner violence was diagnosed with the Abuse Assessment Screen and Index of Spouse Abuse screening instruments.Main outcome measuresPrevalence and associated risk factors of intimate partner violence during pregnancy.ResultsAccording to the Abuse Assessment Screen, intimate partner violence during the pre‐delivery year was experienced by 7.7% of the women, emotional abuse by 4.8%, and physical abuse by 1.7%. According to the Index of Spouse Abuse, non‐physical intimate partner violence during this period was reported by 21.0% of the women and physical intimate partner violence by 3.6%. After adjusting for socio‐demographic characteristics, multivariate regression models showed that an uncommitted relationship and absence of kin support were significantly associated with an increased intimate partner violence risk during the pre‐delivery year. Employment was a significant protective factor against any of the three forms of intimate partner violence (Abuse Assessment Screen) and physical intimate partner violence (Index of Spouse Abuse) during this period.ConclusionsA high proportion of women in Spain experience intimate partner violence during or just before pregnancy. Pregnant women in an uncommitted relationship or without kin support were at greater risk of intimate partner violence. Screening instruments for intimate partner violence during pregnancy should be evaluated in different cultural contexts.
Relative validity and reproducibility of a food frequency questionnaire used in pregnant women from a rural area of China
Authors: Li Min , Halldorsson Thorhallur I. , Bjerregaard Anne A. , Che Yan , Mao Yanyan , Hu Wenfu , Wang Yu , Zhou Weijin , Olsen Sjúrdur F. , Strøm Marin 
Published: July 2014

AbstractObjectiveFood frequency questionnaires are relatively inexpensive, easy and quick to administer, but the construction of a food frequency questionnaire that can capture Chinese food habits is challenging given the diverse lifestyle and eating habits in different parts of the country. The aim of this study was to assess the validity and reproducibility of a self‐administered food frequency questionnaire against a 3‐day dietary recall in a rural region of western China.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingChinese maternal and child healthcare hospital.PopulationA total of 168 healthy pregnant women.MethodsPregnant women completed a food frequency questionnaire at 16–24 weeks gestation, and again at 29–31 weeks; during weeks 26–27 they completed a 3‐day dietary recall.ResultsIn general, mean intake was higher when assessed with food frequency questionnaires compared with dietary recall. Spearman and intra‐class correlation coefficients between the two food frequency questionnaires ranged from 0.31 to 0.69 and from 0.27 to 0.79, respectively. For the second food frequency questionnaire and the dietary recall, the crude and de‐attenuated Spearman correlations ranged from 0.12 to 0.55 and 0.14 to 0.58, respectively. The correlation both between the two food frequency questionnaires and between the second food frequency questionnaire and the dietary recall decreased after adjustment for energy. Ranking women, 31–57% and 1–8% were classified into the same and the opposite quartile, respectively, by both food frequency questionnaires; 30–45% and 1–11% were classified into the same and the opposite quartile respectively for the second food frequency questionnaire and dietary recall.ConclusionThe food frequency questionnaire showed good reproducibility and correlations with dietary recall; it is useful for ranking study participants according to dietary intake, which is of great importance to future etiological studies in this cohort.
A method for lipid droplet isolation from human placenta for further analyses in clinical trials
Authors: Hernández‐Albaladejo Inmaculada , Ruíz‐Palacios María , Gázquez Antonio , Blanco José E. , Parrilla Juan J. , Larqué Elvira 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe describe a method to isolate lipids droplets from human placental tissue for future lipid analyses. We collected placentas at term from healthy women (n = 5) and tested three methods published for lipids droplets isolation in other tissues. Only one of the methods, when modified, isolated lipids droplets from placental tissue, whereas all three methods allowed lipids droplets isolation from rat liver (control tissue) and separation of lipids droplets from blood contamination of the tissue. The placental lipids droplets layer was characterized by the presence of adipophilin while no N+/K+‐ATPase as plasma membrane contamination was detected. Intraplacental triglyceride content showed a high coefficient of variation (~42%), whereas for cholesterol and phospholipids this was lower. One method was effective for isolation of placental lipids droplets. It is necessary to collect a pool of placental tissue pieces for placental lipids droplets analyses. Freezing in liquid nitrogen is recommended.
The ‘Timing of Androgen‐Deprivation therapy in incurable prostate cancer’ protocol (TOAD) – where are we now? Synopsis of the Victorian Cooperative Oncology Group PR 01‐03 and Trans‐Tasman Radiation Oncology Group 03.06 clinical trial
Authors: Duchesne Gillian M. , Woo Henry H. 
Published: July 2014

ObjectiveTo outline the development of the ‘Timing of Androgen Deprivation’ (TOAD) protocol, a collaborative randomised clinical trial under the auspices of the Cancer Council Victoria, the Trans‐Tasman Radiation Oncology Group, and the Urological Society of Australia and New Zealand (USANZ), which opened to recruitment in 2004.Patients and MethodsThe principal hypothesis for the trial was that the early introduction of androgen‐deprivation therapy (ADT; experimental arm) at the time when curative therapies are no longer considered an option, would improve overall survival for these patients, whilst maintaining an acceptable quality of life; compared with waiting for disease progression or the development of symptoms (control arm). An increase in overall survival at 5 years of 10% was judged to be clinically worthwhile.ResultsRecruitment was slow, with fewer than half of the protocol requirement of 750 patients eventually accrued, but nonetheless it is considered that the trial will still contribute a major source of evidence in this area. The study closed to follow‐up at the end of 2013, with data analysis commencing mid‐2014, and with the primary publication anticipated to be submitted by the end of 2014.ConclusionThe question of timing of ADT remains relevant in the current era of newer and more varied treatment methods. Even with the advent of novel chemotherapy and the biological agents that are undergoing investigation for progressively earlier disease stages, the dilemma of when to commence palliative treatment in an asymptomatic patient will remain, unless or until these agents are shown to increase overall survival. The TOAD trial will contribute to answering at least in part, some of these questions.
The relationship between self‐Image and social anxiety in adolescence
Authors: Di Blasi Maria , Cavani Paola , Pavia Laura , Lo Baido Rosa , La Grutta Sabina , Schimmenti Adriano 
Published: July 2014

BackgroundSelf‐image is the subjective perception about one's own self, body, mental functioning, social attitudes, and adjustment in different aspects of life. Research has linked negative self‐image with a number of problem behaviors and psychiatric symptoms in adolescence; however, studies of the relationship between self‐image and anxiety disorders are still scarce.MethodThis study involved a community sample of 1305 high‐school students (51.4% female) who ranged in age from 14 to 19 years old. They completed self‐report measures of self‐image and social anxiety disorder (SAD).ResultsA quarter of the students reported high levels of social anxiety. Statistical analyses showed significant differences between these students and the other students in all the self‐image subscales. Several dimensions of impaired self‐image (emotional tone, social attitudes, vocational and educational goals, family relationships, external mastery, and psychological health) were associated with high levels of social anxiety, with some gender differences underpinning these relationships.ConclusionsClinicians treating SAD in youth may wish to consider that a negative self‐image may play a critical role in the onset and retention of social anxiety symptoms.
Effectiveness of mite‐impermeable covers: a hypothesis‐generating meta‐analysis
Authors: van Boven F. E. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryAsthma is a heterogeneous disease. The subject of mite allergen control has evolved into a debate dominated by a Cochrane review by Gøtzsche and Johansen (Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2008, Art. No: CD001187). A not well‐discussed aspect of that study is the selection by those authors of a univariate meta‐analysis including various interventions. This study extends the meta‐analysis by Gøtzsche and Johansen and aims to generate hypotheses on the effectiveness of various bedding interventions, including the coverage of all bedding elements. Trials were selected based on environmental criteria. The interventions were classified according to the number of barriers used. Standardized mean differences yielded the mite load, three physiological outcomes and asthma symptom scores. The influence of covariates was examined with a mixed‐effect model using the metafor package for meta‐analysis in R. Twelve trials included 1187 observations. The interventions included one barrier or product (six trials), two barriers or partial control (four trials) and three barriers or integral control (two trials). The exposure data showed considerable heterogeneity (I2 = 93%). The risk of bias significantly (P = 0.04) influenced the final load, the square root of the interaction between the baseline load and the type of intervention as well (95% CI: −0.66 to −0.07 μg/g; P = 0.02). Changes in load showed similar tendencies. Health outcomes showed moderate to considerable heterogeneity (physiological outcomes I2 = 44–94%; symptom score I2 = 93%). A meta‐regression of bedding interventions indicates that integral control most significantly reduced mite load when the load was high at baseline. The number of trials was too small to allow an appropriate examination of health outcomes. Future studies are suggested to test the hypothesis that allergic patients benefit from integral control when the baseline mite load is high.
Prognostic Value of Total Atrial Conduction Time Measured with Tissue Doppler Imaging to Predict the Maintenance of Sinus Rhythm after External Electrical Cardioversion of Persistent Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Maffè Stefano , Paffoni Paola , Dellavesa Pierfranco , Cucchi Lorenzo , Zenone Franco , Bergamasco Luca , Paino Anna Maria , Franchetti Pardo Nicolò , Signorotti Fabiana , Baduena Lara , Parravicini Umberto 
Published: July 2014

BackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia, with a high recurrence rate, especially during the first months after cardioversion (CV). Few parameters have been evaluated as predictors for the maintenance of sinus rhythm (SR), with limited results. Recently total atrial conduction time (TACT) has been proposed as independent predictor of AF recurrence. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of TACT, measured using PA‐TDI duration, to predict 1‐year maintenance of restored SR after electrical CV.Methods and ResultsIn a population of 104 patients (58 male, aged 70 ± 9) with persistent AF, submitted to external electrical CV, we performed a complete echocardiogram after restoring SR. The TACT was estimated by measuring the time delay between the onset of the P‐wave in lead II of the surface electrocardiogram and the peak A′‐wave on the tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) tracing of the left atrial lateral wall (so‐called PA‐TDI duration). After a mean follow‐up of 14 ± 2 months, 34 (33%) patients had recurrent AF, whereas 70 (67%) patients maintained SR. At multivariate analysis only PA‐TDI was identified as independent predictor of AF recurrence (HR 1.04; 95% CI 1.03–1.06; P < 0.001). Receiver operator characteristics curve analyses demonstrated a high degree of discrimination (area under the curve 0.923); with a cut point of 152 msec, we obtain a good diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity 91%, specificity 87%).ConclusionThe TACT using TDI is an independent predictor of AF recurrence and can be used to predict the maintenance of SR after external electrical CV.
Bioprosthetic Mitral Valve Thrombosis Complicating Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome, Successfully Treated with Thrombolysis
Authors: Chamsi‐Pasha Mohammed A. , Alyousef Tareq , Sayyed Samer 
Published: July 2014

The incidence of bioprosthetic valve thrombosis and related embolic complications is extremely rare, obviating the need for long‐term anticoagulation. As a result, experience in the diagnosis and treatment of bioprosthetic valve thrombosis is fairly limited. We report the first case of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome presenting as bioprosthetic mitral valve thrombosis, 15 months after valve replacement, and successfully treated with thrombolytic therapy.
Recurrent thyroid cancers have more peritumoural lymphatic vasculature than nonrecurrent thyroid cancers
Authors: Hakala Tommi , Sand Juhani , Kellokumpu‐Lehtinen Pirkko‐Liisa , Huhtala Heini , Leinonen Rauha , Kholová Ivana 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe goal of the study was to evaluate angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in differentiated thyroid cancer and recurrences.MethodsTwenty‐seven patients with recurrent differentiated thyroid cancer (20 papillary and seven follicular thyroid carcinomas) and 24 nonrecurrent thyroid cancers were included in this study. Additionally, 24 thyroid adenomas were included as benign controls. All thyroid cancer recurrences were operatively managed, and local recurrences in cervical lymph nodes or cervical soft tissue were histologically confirmed. Altogether, a total of 108 samples were evaluated using CD31 and D2‐40 immunohistochemical staining and microscopy.ResultsAs measured in primary tumours, the median density of CD31‐positive vascular structures was 327 vessels (v)/mm2 for recurrent cancers, 362 v/mm2 for nonrecurrent cancers and 484 v/mm2 for thyroid adenomas (P = 0·017). Among the subgroups, the lowest median vascular density of 316 v/mm2 was found in recurrent papillary cancers and the highest vascular density of 604 v/mm2 was observed in nonrecurrent follicular cancers (P = 0·018). The median density of D2‐40‐positive peritumoural lymphatic vessels was 101/mm2 in recurrent cancers, 56·1/mm2 in nonrecurrent cancers and 53·9/mm2 for adenomas (P = 0·015). In the subgroups, peritumoural lymphatic vascular density was 102 v/mm2 in recurrent papillary cancers and 56·0 v/mm2 in nonrecurrent papillary cancers (P = 0·044).ConclusionsRecurrent thyroid cancers expressed less intratumoural microvessels than thyroid adenomas. A high density of peritumoural lymphatic vessels was found in recurrent papillary cancers. High blood vessel density may be a marker for less aggressive tumours, while high peritumoural lymphatic vasculature is a marker for more aggressive and recurrence‐prone tumours.