bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying Barriers to Remaining Physically Active After Rehabilitation: Differences in Perception Between Physical Therapists and Older Adult Patients
Authors: Zalewski Kathryn , Alt Carlynn , Arvinen-Barrow Monna 
Published: April 2014

Study Design Cross-sectional study. Objective To describe readiness for change and barriers to physical activity in older adults and to contrast perceptions of physical therapists and patients using the Barriers to Being Active Quiz. Background Regular physical activity is vital to recovery after discharge from physical therapy. Physical therapists are positioned to support change in physical activity habits for those transitioning to home care. Understanding of readiness for change and barriers to physical activity could optimize recovery. Methods Thirteen physical therapists enrolled in the study and invited patients who met the inclusion criteria to enroll (79 patients enrolled). The physical therapists provided the ICD-9 code, the physical therapist diagnosis, and completed the Barriers to Being Active Quiz as they perceived their patients would. The enrolled patients provided demographics and filled out the Satisfaction With Life Scale, the stages-of-change scale for physical activity, and the Barriers to Being Active Quiz. Results Patients were predominantly in the early stages of readiness for change. Both patients and physical therapists identified lack of willpower as the primary barrier to physical activity. Patients identified lack of willpower and social influence as critical barriers more often than physical therapists, whereas physical therapists identified fear of injury and lack of time more often than their patients did. Differences between physical therapists and their patients were noted for fear of injury (z = 2.66, P = .008) and lack of time (z = 3.46, P = .001). The stage of change for physical activity impacted perception of social influence (χ2 = 9.64, P<.05), lack of willpower (χ2 = 21.91, P<.01), and lack of skill (χ2 = 12.46, P<.05). Women ranked fear of injury higher than men did (χ2 = 6.76, P<.01). Conclusion Understanding readiness for change in and barriers to physical activity may allow physical therapists to better tailor intervention strategies to impact physical activity behavior change. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014;44(6):415–424. Epub 25 April 2014. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.5171
Cortical bone trajectory for lumbosacral fixation: penetrating S-1 endplate screw technique
Authors: Matsukawa Keitaro , Yato Yoshiyuki , Kato Takashi , Imabayashi Hideaki , Asazuma Takashi , Nemoto Koichi 
Published: April 2014

Object
A cortical bone trajectory (CBT) is a new pedicle screw trajectory that maximizes the thread contact with cortical bone surface, providing enhanced screw purchase. Despite the increased use of the CBT in the lumbar spine, little is known about the insertion technique for the sacral CBT. The aim of this study was to introduce a novel sacral pedicle screw trajectory. This trajectory engages with denser bone maximally by the screw penetrating the S-1 superior endplate through a more medial entry point than the traditional technique, and also has safety advantages, with the protrusion of the screw tip into the intervertebral disc space carrying no risk of neurovascular injury.

Methods
In this study, the CT scans of 50 adults were studied for morphometric measurement of the new trajectory. The entry point was supposed to be the junction of the center of the superior articular process of S-1 and approximately 3 mm inferior to the most inferior border of the inferior articular process of L-5. The direction was straight forward in the axial plane without convergence, angulated cranially in the sagittal plane penetrating the middle of the sacral endplate. The cephalad angle to the sacral endplate, length of trajectory, and safety of the trajectory were investigated. Next, the insertional torque of pedicle screws using this technique was measured intraoperatively in 19 patients and compared with the traditional technique.

Results
The mean cephalad angle in these 50 patients was 30.7° ± 5.1°, and the mean length of trajectory was 31.5 ± 3.5 mm. The CT analysis revealed that the penetrating S-1 endplate technique did not cause any neurovascular injury anteriorly in any case. The new technique demonstrated an average of 141% higher insertional torque than the traditional monocortical technique.

Conclusions
The penetrating S-1 endplate technique through the medial entry point is suitable for the connection of lumbar CBT, has revealed favorable stability for lumbosacral fixation, and has reduced the potential risk of neurovascular injuries.
Concentration et spécialisation : quel schéma pour l’agriculture communautaire ?
Authors: Daniel Karine 
Published: April 2014

Concentration and Specialisation : which Future for Community Agriculture ?
The aim of this article is to analyse the evolution of farming locations in the European Union and to discover whether European consumers affect agricultural production costs and the location of farming basins enough to determine the geographical concentration of agriculture. Empirical analysis tends to show that farms are concentrated in geographical basins with the best access to the Community market.
Une analyse structurelle de la σ-convergence. Application aux pays de la zone euro
Authors: Casin Philippe 
Published: April 2014

Astructural analysis of sigma-convergence. Application to the euro-zone countries.
The aim of this article is to study in more depth the notion of sigma-convergence, based on a very simple statistical indicator, namely the variance, and used to describe the convergence of GDP per head for a group of countries. The same variance in GDP per head can in fact correspond to GDP structures that are very different, i. e. to economic situations that are themselves very different. It is therefore necessary also to describe the evolution of the structure of GDP. Generalised principal component analysis is a statistical tool permitting such a description. The last part of the article deals with modifications in the structure of GDP for countries in the euro zone between 1971 and 2000.
L’influence des contraintes de financement de court terme sur le profit des exploitations agricoles. Une approche non paramétrique
Authors: Kerstens Kristiaan , Boussemart Jean Philippe , Blancard Stéphane 
Published: April 2014

The impact of short term credit constraints on farms’ profitability. Anonparametric approach.
The impact of credit constraints on the economic performance of farms is evaluated. Following Färe, Grosskopf and Lee (1990), we estimate a nonparametric frontier function maximising profit with and without credit constraints. Taking a sample of farms from the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France over the period 1995-1998, we obtain estimates for the loss of profit due to limited access to the credit system. Our results show that while variations in economic performance between farms depend mainly on input mismanagement, credit constraints undeniably affect agricultural profits.
Certification de la qualité par une AOC : un modèle d’analyse
Authors: Giraud-Héraud Eric , Chambolle Claire 
Published: April 2014

Quality certification through a registered designation of origin : an analytical model.
International competition on the wine market is characterised by a disparity of strategies applied by producers and wine-producing regions. We provide a theoretical analysis of the producers’ choice between the two main brand strategies : a private brand name and a brand carrying a public certification such as the French “ Appellation d’Origine Contrôlée” (AOC). We show that the latter can be profitable by comparison with the private brand name strategy. However, such a system can lead to underinvestment in quality that can reduce consumer’s surplus.
Intégration financière et régimes de change dans les pays candidats
Authors: Maurel Mathilde 
Published: April 2014

European Financial Integration and Exchange Rate Regimes in CEECs by Mathilde Maurel
The Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs ) entering the EU in May 2004 are expected to have a monetary policy compatible with the ERM-II system to eventually enter EMU (European Monetary Union ). Abandoning an independent monetary policy could entail significant costs for countries in the process of catching up . However , these costs have probably been overestimated , biased by the traditional optimal currency area criteria . Firstly , these costs actually change depending on whether they are evaluated ex ante and ex post accession . Between times , financial integration is likely to increase significantly , which changes the evaluation parameters . Accession to the EU and greater capital mobility means that there is little room left for an independent monetary policy , especially in relatively small countries more vulnerable to speculative attacks . Secondly , while the link between choice of exchange rate regime and the underlying fundamentals is somewhat tenuous , the political determinants prove to be decisive . Keywords : exchange rate arrangements , accession to EMU , EU enlargement , international capital flows
Ladhésion des Peco (Pays dEurope Centrale et Orientale) à l'Union européenne et l'endogénéité des chocs d'offre et de demande
Authors: Babetskii Jan 
Published: April 2014

EU Enlargement and Endogeneity of Some OCA Criteria : Evidence from the CEECs
by Ian Babetskii
The European Commission (1990 ) reports that closer integration reduces the frequency of asymmetric shocks and synchronizes business cycles more between countries . However , Krugman (1993 ) posits that closer integration entails greater specialization and hence greater risks of individual shocks . This paper draws on evidence from a group of CEEC countries to determine which argument is supported by the data . It does so by comparing supply and demand shock asymmetry coefficients with trade intensity and exchange rate indicators over time . We find that (i ) an increase in trade intensity gives rise to greater demand shock symmetry and the effect of integration on supply shock asymmetry varies from country to country ; (ii ) a decrease in exchange rate volatility has a positive effect on demand shock convergence . The results confirm the European Commission ’ s view and Kenen ’ s argument (2001 ) that the effect of trade integration on shock asymmetry depends on the type of shock . Keywords : EU enlargement , business cycle , trade , OCA (optimal currency area )
Localisation des firmes multinationales allemandes dans les Pays dEurope de lEst
Authors: Toubal Farid 
Published: April 2014

Locating German Multinationals in Eastern European Countries by Farid Toubal
This paper sets out to study why German multinationals set up in Eastern European countries . An empirical analysis is made of the firms using a new database provided by the Bundesbank . The decision as to where to site German firms is not just dependent on the traditional determinants of FDI (foreign direct investment ). It also depends a great deal on factors inherent in the transition to a free market economy . Keywords : transition economy , FDI , panel
A biomechanical comparison of unilateral and bilateral String-of-Pearls™ locking plates in a canine distal humeral metaphyseal gap model
Authors: Syrcle J. A. , Elder S. , McLaughlin R. , Hurt R. J. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryObjective: To compare the in vitro biomechanical performance of two String-of-Pearls (SOP) plate constructs in a canine distal humeral metaphyseal gap model.Methods: Seven pairs of canine cadaveric humeri, including the elbow joints, were prepared. One group consisted of a unilateral medially placed SOP plate with bicortical screws (UNI). The second group consisted of bilateral caudo-medial and caudo-lateral SOP plates applied with monocortical screws (BI). A 2 cm ostectomy was performed immediately proximal to the supratrochlear foramen. Constructs were tested in torsion and axial compression.Results: The UNI constructs had significantly lower stiffness in torsion and axial compression than the BI group. However, UNI constructs had a significantly higher ultimate strength than BI constructs. All UNI constructs failed by bending of the transcondylar screw and SOP plate. All BI constructs failed by axial pullout of the distal most screws.Clinical significance: In stabilizing canine supracondylar humeral fractures as modeled here, both the UNI model and the BI model demonstrated biomechanical advantages. The incorporation of a transcondylar screw through the medial plate appears to be beneficial to construct strength.
Roues des casinos, Néo-traditionalistes et évangéliques
Authors: Servais Olivier 
Published: April 2014

La création de Casinos sur le territoire des réserves autochtones aux États-Unis comme au Canada est un développement qui suscite d’intenses débats au sein de plusieurs communautés. Ce projet de développement économique semble souvent dresser contre lui des groupes aux ancrages religieux assez différents, mais dont les positions donnent lieu à des images d’Épinal peu éclairantes. Il semble au contraire qu’une observation plus fine des réalités témoigne de convergences improbables, et surtout de la complexité des positionnements à l’égard de ces établissements. Dans cette optique, deux acteurs importants ont été retenus pour l’analyse. Tout d’abord les groupes traditionalistes amérindiens, des mouvements méfiants vis-à-vis de la modernité occidentale et revendiquant un réancrage des communautés dans les spiritualités amérindiennes. On conçoit aisément que de tels collectifs aient pu s’opposer fermement à la dynamique capitaliste que représentent les casinos. Ensuite les Églises évangéliques qui constituent le fer de lance de la lutte contre les jeux de hasard à l’échelle nationale. Dans la présente étude de cas, on tente ainsi de répondre à la question suivante : quels sont les positionnements des mouvements évangéliques et des groupes amérindiens traditionalistes sur cette problématique des casinos chippewa au Michigan, Wisconsin et Minnesota ? Et, de manière sous-jacente, quels sont les ressorts permettant d’expliquer l’évolution des positionnements des acteurs sur cette question ? Pour l’auteur, le cas à analyser est emblématique de cette situation ambiguë entre traditionalisme de préservation et évangélisme face à cette nouvelle source de prospérité.
Moses I. Finley et les historiens français de l’Antiquité
Authors: Mossé Claude 
Published: April 2014

La « Deuxième conférence internationale d’histoire économique » qui s’est tenue à Aix-en-Provence en 1962 a été l’occasion pour plusieurs historiens français de l’Antiquité, dont Claude Mossé, de faire la connaissance de Moses I. Finley, à l’initiative d’Édouard Will. Les rencontres ensuite avec Pierre Vidal-Naquet et Jean-Pierre Vernant et le travail de recherches mené en commun avec le Centre Louis Gernet ont permis la diffusion de ses écrits en France, une œuvre qui a formé plusieurs générations d’historiens de l’Antiquité.
Classes, ordres, statuts : la réception française de la sociologie finleyenne et le cas Pierre Vidal-Naquet
Authors: Ismard Paulin 
Published: April 2014

Le rôle joué par Pierre Vidal-Naquet dans la réception française de l’œuvre de Moses Finley n’est plus à démontrer. Durant plus de vingt ans, Pierre Vidal-Naquet fut en effet le préfacier, l’éditeur et, parmi les antiquisants français, l’un des principaux collaborateurs scientifiques de l’historien américain. Échelonnée de 1964 à 1986, la correspondance échangée par les deux hommes met en lumière le rôle déterminant de cette collaboration dans la réception de la sociologie finleyenne au sein du champ historiographique français. Elle éclaire notamment certains traits de la formation de ce qu’on peut appeler une sociologie finleyenne « à la française », sensiblement imprégnée par le contexte structuraliste, et traversée par un débat récurrent sur les formes de classification sociale.
Une Économie antique en version française
Authors: Pébarthe Christophe 
Published: April 2014

La traduction française de The Ancient Economy en 1975 ne marque nullement la découverte de l’œuvre de M.I. Finley en France. Ce livre y a néanmoins une résonance particulière, d’une part parce qu’il s’inscrit dans une certaine historiographie française et d’autre part parce qu’il y est lu avant tout à l’aune de la problématique anthropologique défendue notamment par Pierre Vidal-Naquet et Jean-Pierre Vernant. Au même moment, les historiens de l’Antiquité grecque de l’université Bordeaux 3 proposent une lecture résolument plus économique et critique de l’Économie antique. Ils centrent leur réflexion autour du marché et de son absence, et plus généralement sur les échanges.
Madagascar avant Madagascar : l’île Ménouthias des anciens et les premières représentations de l’île de Saint Laurent
Authors: Altomare Bianca Maria 
Published: April 2014

Le présent travail essaie d’éclairer des questions concernant l’île Madagascar. Tout d’abord, s’agit-il vraiment de l’île Ménouthias mentionnée à plusieurs reprises par les géographes grecs ? Était-elle connue dans l’Antiquité gréco-romaine ? Deuxièmement, ce travail suit l’évolution des représentations cartographiques de l’île, avant et après sa découverte (1500).
An Increase in Tolerogenic Dendritic Cell and Natural Regulatory T Cell Numbers during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Rras−/− Mice Results in Attenuated Disease
Authors: Ray Avijit , Basu Sreemanti , Miller Nichole M. , Chan Andrew M. , Dittel Bonnie N. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
R-Ras is a member of the Ras superfamily of small GTPases, which are regulators of various cellular processes, including adhesion, survival, proliferation, trafficking, and cytokine production. R-Ras is expressed by immune cells and has been shown to modulate dendritic cell (DC) function in vitro and has been associated with liver autoimmunity. We used Rras-deficient mice to study the mechanism whereby R-Ras contributes to autoimmunity using experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of the CNS autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis. We found that a lack of R-Ras in peripheral immune cells resulted in attenuated EAE disease. Further investigation revealed that, during EAE, absence of R-Ras promoted the formation of MHC IIlow DC concomitant with a significant increase in proliferation of natural regulatory T cells, resulting in an increase in their cell numbers in the periphery. Our study suggests a novel role for R-Ras in promoting autoimmunity through negative regulation of natural regulatory T cell numbers by inhibiting the development of MHCIIlow DC with tolerogenic potential.
Citrullination Alters Immunomodulatory Function of LL-37 Essential for Prevention of Endotoxin-Induced Sepsis
Authors: Koziel Joanna , Bryzek Danuta , Sroka Aneta , Maresz Katarzyna , Glowczyk Izabela , Bielecka Ewa , Kantyka Tomasz , Pyrć Krzysztof , Svoboda Pavel , Pohl Jan , Potempa Jan 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Cathelicidin LL-37 plays an essential role in innate immunity by killing invading microorganisms and regulating the inflammatory response. These activities depend on the cationic character of the peptide, which is conferred by arginine and lysine residues. At inflammatory foci in vivo, LL-37 is exposed to peptidyl arginine deiminase (PAD), an enzyme released by inflammatory cells. Therefore, we hypothesized that PAD-mediated citrullination of the arginine residues within LL-37 will abrogate its immunomodulatory functions. We found that, when citrullinated, LL-37 was at least 40 times less efficient at neutralizing the proinflammatory activity of LPS due to a marked decrease in its affinity for endotoxin. Also, the ability of citrullinated LL-37 to quench macrophage responses to lipoteichoic acid and poly(I:C) signaling via TLR2 and TLR3, respectively, was significantly reduced. Furthermore, in stark contrast to native LL-37, the modified peptide completely lost the ability to prevent morbidity and mortality in a mouse model of d-galactosamine–sensitized endotoxin shock. In fact, administration of citrullinated LL-37 plus endotoxin actually exacerbated sepsis due to the inability of LL-37 to neutralize LPS and the subsequent enhancement of systemic inflammation due to increased serum levels of IL-6. Importantly, serum from septic mice showed increased PAD activity, which strongly correlated with the level of citrullination, indicating that PAD-driven protein modification occurs in vivo. Because LL-37 is a potential treatment for sepsis, its administration should be preceded by a careful analysis to ensure that the citrullinated peptide is not generated in treated patients.
Overlapping and Asymmetric Functions of TCR Signaling during Thymic Selection of CD4 and CD8 Lineages
Authors: Sinclair Charles , Seddon Benedict 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
TCR signaling plays a central role in directing developmental fates of thymocytes. Current models suggest TCR signal duration directs CD4 versus CD8 lineage development. To investigate the role of TCR signaling during positive selection directly, we switched signaling off in a cohort of selecting thymocytes and followed, in time, their subsequent fate. We did this using an inducible Zap70 transgenic mouse model that allowed Zap70-dependent signaling to be turned on and then off again. Surprisingly, loss of TCR signaling in CD4+CD8lo thymocytes did not prevent their development into committed CD4 single positives (SPs), nor their continued maturation to HSAlo SPs. However, numbers of CD4 SPs underwent a substantial decline following loss of Zap70 expression, suggesting an essential survival role for the kinase. Termination of TCR signaling is considered an essential step in CD8 lineage development. Loss of Zap70 expression, however, resulted in the rapid death of CD8 lineage precursor thymocytes and a failure to generate CD8 SPs. Significantly, extending the window of Zap70 expression was sufficient for generation and export of both CD4 and CD8 T cells. These data reveal a parallel requirement for TCR-mediated survival signaling, but an asymmetric requirement for TCR-mediated maturation signals.
NADPH Oxidase–Independent Formation of Extracellular DNA Traps by Basophils
Authors: Morshed Mahbubul , Hlushchuk Ruslan , Simon Dagmar , Walls Andrew F. , Obata-Ninomiya Kazushige , Karasuyama Hajime , Djonov Valentin , Eggel Alexander , Kaufmann Thomas , Simon Hans-Uwe , Yousefi Shida 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Basophils are primarily associated with a proinflammatory and immunoregulatory role in allergic diseases and parasitic infections. Recent studies have shown that basophils can also bind various bacteria both in the presence and the absence of opsonizing Abs. In this report, we show that both human and mouse basophils are able to produce mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and to form extracellular DNA traps upon IL-3 priming and subsequent activation of the complement factor 5 a receptor or FcεRI. Such basophil extracellular traps (BETs) contain mitochondrial, but not nuclear DNA, as well as the granule proteins basogranulin and mouse mast cell protease 8. BET formation occurs despite the absence of any functional NADPH oxidase in basophils. BETs can be found in both human and mouse inflamed tissues, suggesting that they also play a role under in vivo inflammatory conditions. Taken together, these findings suggest that basophils exert direct innate immune effector functions in the extracellular space.