bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Communicating bodily changes: Physicians' ways of enabling patient understanding in gastrointestinal cancer consultations
Authors: Friberg Febe , Lidén Eva , Håkanson Cecilia , Öhlén Joakim 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObjective:To explore how physicians communicatively enable patients' understanding of bodily changes in gastrointestinal cancer care consultations.Method:Two datasets were used. The first consisted of transcribed video-recorded palliative care consultations with three oncologists and six patients diagnosed with advanced gastrointestinal cancer, in the context of outpatient palliative care. The second dataset was audio-recorded transcriptions from diagnostic consultations with six surgeons and seven patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer, in the context of cancer surgery. An inductively driven and iterative analysis of interaction was performed, guided by Wetherell et al. (2001).Results:Two overarching communicative strategies were identified: (1) “visualizing strategies,” with the dimensions: visible strategies (visualizing with what you actually or potentially can see), sensory strategies (visualizing with what is possible to feel), and imaginative strategies; and (2) “contrasting strategies,” with the dimensions: contrasting subjective experiences and contrasting between the patient and other people.Significance of results:The visualizing and contrasting communicative strategies form parts of physicians' tacit and experience-based knowledge. The strategies employed by physicians reveal clear potentials to enable patients' understanding and sense making of bodily changes. However, these strategies need to be explicated and problematized as parts of both consultation practice and basic medical education. By means of increased awareness, physicians can more easily identify turning points in patients' levels of understanding, thereby enriching ordinary medical consultations with reflected pedagogical strategies and skills in how to dialogue in a person-centered manner.
Are immigrants responsible for the recent decline in Australian suicide rates?
Authors: Kõlves K. , De Leo D. 
Published: May 2014

Aims.This study aims to examine Queensland suicide trends in the Australian-born population and in the overseas-born populations over the past 2 decades.Methods.All suicide cases for the period 1991–2009 were identified in the Queensland Suicide Register. Age-standardised suicide rates were calculated. Joinpoint regression and Poisson regression were applied.Results.A significant decline in suicide rates of young (15–44 years) overseas-born males was reported over the past 2 decades. Australian-born young males showed significant increase until 1996, followed by a significant decline; furthermore, their suicide rates were significantly higher when compared to overseas-born (RR = 1.36, 95%CI: 1.15; 1.62). Contrary older Australian-born males (45+ years) had significantly lower suicide rates than overseas-born males (RR = 0.90, 95%CI: 0.83; 0.98). Despite the convergence of the suicide trends for older males, changes were not significant. While Australian-born females had a significant increase in suicides, overseas-born females had a decline in 1991–2009.Conclusions.Conclusion. Significantly declining suicide rates of migrants have contributed to the declining in suicide trends in Queensland. Potential reasons for significantly lower suicide rates among young migrants might include the change in the nature of migration from involuntary to voluntary.
The malaria parasite egress protease SUB1 is a calcium-dependent redox switch subtilisin
Authors: Withers-Martinez Chrislaine , Strath Malcolm , Hackett Fiona , Haire Lesley F. , Howell Steven A. , Walker Philip A. , Christodoulou Evangelos , Dodson Guy G. , Blackman Michael J. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractMalaria is caused by a protozoan parasite that replicates within an intraerythrocytic parasitophorous vacuole. Release (egress) of malaria merozoites from the host erythrocyte is a highly regulated and calcium-dependent event that is critical for disease progression. Minutes before egress, an essential parasite serine protease called SUB1 is discharged into the parasitophorous vacuole, where it proteolytically processes a subset of parasite proteins that play indispensable roles in egress and invasion. Here we report the first crystallographic structure of Plasmodium falciparum SUB1 at 2.25 Å, in complex with its cognate prodomain. The structure highlights the basis of the calcium dependence of SUB1, as well as its unusual requirement for interactions with substrate residues on both prime and non-prime sides of the scissile bond. Importantly, the structure also reveals the presence of a solvent-exposed redox-sensitive disulphide bridge, unique among the subtilisin family, that likely acts as a regulator of protease activity in the parasite.
SiH/TiO2 and GeH/TiO2 Heterojunctions: Promising TiO2-based Photocatalysts under Visible Light
Authors: Niu Mang , Cheng Daojian , Cao Dapeng 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe use hybrid density functional calculations to find that the monolayer silicane (SiH) and the anatase TiO2(101) composite (i.e. the SiH/TiO2 heterojunction) is a promising TiO2-based photocatalyst under visible light. The band gap of the SiH/TiO2(101) heterojunction is 2.082 eV, which is an ideal material for the visible-light photoexcitation of electron-hole pairs. Furthermore, the SiH/TiO2(101) heterojunction has a favorable type-II band alignment and thus the photoexcited electron can be injected to the conduction band of anatase TiO2 from that of silicane. Finally, the proper interface charge distribution facilitates the carrier separation in the SiH/TiO2(101) interface region. The electron injection and carrier separation can prevent the recombination of electron-hole pairs. Our calculation results suggest that such electronic structure of SiH/TiO2(101) heterojunction has significant advantages over these of doped TiO2 systems for visible-light photocatalysis.
Margination of micro- and nano-particles in blood flow and its effect on drug delivery
Authors: Müller Kathrin , Fedosov Dmitry A. , Gompper Gerhard 
Published: May 2014

AbstractDrug delivery by micro- and nano-carriers enables controlled transport of pharmaceuticals to targeted sites. Even though carrier fabrication has made much progress recently, the delivery including controlled particle distribution and adhesion within the body remains a great challenge. The adhesion of carriers is strongly affected by their margination properties (migration toward walls) in the microvasculature. To investigate margination characteristics of carriers of different shapes and sizes and to elucidate the relevant physical mechanisms, we employ mesoscopic hydrodynamic simulations of blood flow. Particle margination is studied for a wide range of hematocrit values, vessel sizes and flow rates, using two- and three-dimensional models. The simulations show that the margination properties of particles improve with increasing carrier size. Spherical particles yield slightly better margination than ellipsoidal carriers; however, ellipsoidal particles exhibit a slower rotational dynamics near a wall favoring their adhesion. In conclusion, micron-sized ellipsoidal particles are favorable for drug delivery in comparison with sub-micron spherical particles.
Aqueous two-phase system patterning of detection antibody solutions for cross-reaction-free multiplex ELISA
Authors: Frampton John P. , White Joshua B. , Simon Arlyne B. , Tsuei Michael , Paczesny Sophie , Takayama Shuichi 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAccurate disease diagnosis, patient stratification and biomarker validation require the analysis of multiple biomarkers. This paper describes cross-reactivity-free multiplexing of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) using aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) to confine detection antibodies at specific locations in fully aqueous environments. Antibody cross-reactions are eliminated because the detection antibody solutions are co-localized only to corresponding surface-immobilized capture antibody spots. This multiplexing technique is validated using plasma samples from allogeneic bone marrow recipients. Patients with acute graft versus host disease (GVHD), a common and serious condition associated with allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, display higher mean concentrations for four multiplexed biomarkers (HGF, elafin, ST2 and TNFR1) relative to healthy donors and transplant patients without GVHD. The antibody co-localization capability of this technology is particularly useful when using inherently cross-reactive reagents such as polyclonal antibodies, although monoclonal antibody cross-reactivity can also be reduced. Because ATPS-ELISA adapts readily available antibody reagents, plate materials and detection instruments, it should be easily transferable into other research and clinical settings.
Modelling of the inhibition effect of thin‐wire ultra‐corona on upward leader and its application on lightning protection in high‐voltage transmission lines
Authors: Sima Wenxia , Fan Shuochao , Yang Qing , Yuan Tao , Wang Qi 
Published: May 2014

Under the induction of thundercloud charges or lightning leader, ultra‐corona occurs on the surface of thin wire‐clad conductors, which could not only inhibit the formation of streamers to prevent the development of upward leaders but also change the potential distribution in the surrounding space. Taking advantage of these characteristics, the upward leader from a power conductor can be suppressed by wrapping thin wires around ground wires. The inhibition mechanism of ultra‐corona on the upward leader has been analysed and its characteristics and development laws have been studied by constructing ultra‐corona model under thundercloud conditions. A model for studying the inhibition effect of ultra‐corona on the upward leader by combining the ultra‐corona model and leader progression model is presented, and a detailed overall analysis of its influence on lightning protection performance on a 500 kV transmission line is conducted. According to the simulation results, the shielding failure width reduces with the thin wire‐clad ground wires, and the attraction of the upward leader from power conductor on lightning leader is weakened. Therefore, the probability of lightning strikes is reduced, and lightning protection of lines is improved. Finally, two influential factors on the thin wire‐applied transmission lines are discussed.
The Vibrio cholerae toxin coregulated pilus: structure, assembly and function with implications for vaccine design.
Authors: Craig L. , Taylor R. K. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

This chapter presents current understanding of Vibrio cholerae toxin coregulated pilus (TCP) with respect to its gene arrangement, subunit structure and filament architecture. It describes a theoretical mechanism by which these pili are assembled from thousands of copies of a single TcpA pilin subunit into a multifunctional helical filament that is critical for V. cholerae pathogenesis, and explains how dynamic assembly and disassembly may be intricately linked with pilus functions in microcolony formation, TcpF secretion and CTX uptake. Finally, progress towards TCP- and TcpF-based multicomponent cholera vaccines is discussed.
Type IV pili: functions and biogenesis.
Authors: Georgiadou M. , Pelicic V. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Pili (or fimbriae) are hair-like appendages that extend from the surface of many bacteria, and are polymers of primarily one protein generically named pilin. Out of the many types of pili that have been identified and classified according to their morphological and/or molecular characteristics, type IV pili (Tfp) are undoubtedly the most widespread. This chapter describes the biosynthesis, morphological, molecular characteristics, and functions of Tfp.
Pilus-based vaccine development in streptococci: variability, diversity and immunological responses.
Authors: Rinaudo D. , Moschioni M. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

This chapter reviews genetic variability and molecular epidemiology data available on the pilus encoding islets of Streptococcus pneumoniae, S. agalactiae, S. pyogenes and S. suis. Immunological and preclinical protection data are also presented, if available. Finally, similarities and differences identified among the different streptococci are discussed.
Nitrogen use efficiency and optimization of nitrogen fertilization in conservation agriculture.
Authors: Grahmann K. , Verhulst N. , Buerkert A. , Ortiz-Monasterio I. , Govaerts B. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
In most agroecosystems, nitrogen (N) is the most important nutrient limiting plant growth. One management strategy that affects N cycling and N use efficiency (NUE) is conservation agriculture (CA), an agricultural system based on minimum tillage, crop residue retention and crop rotation. This review summarizes the current knowledge of N management in CA and identifies research gaps that need to be addressed to optimize N management with the ultimate goal to minimize N losses into the environment and to reduce farmers' input costs. Soil physical, biological and chemical processes in CA are compared with those in conventional systems focusing on their relationship to N cycling in the soil and how they are affected by N fertilizer type, method and number of applications. Based on the little available data, CA has lower NUE rates than conventional systems, which seems largely due to N fertilizer immobilization through crop residues and increased fertilizer rates with CA. Fertilizer use recovery and NUE change with different tillage and residue management, thus the adjustment of N fertilization in CA is inevitable. Finally, the review provides a short overview of methodologies to measure NUE and its components. Available results on the optimization of NUE in CA are inconsistent and studies that cover all three components of CA are scarce. Interactions between components of CA and their effects on crop yield, grain quality, soil and fertilizer parameters are complex and will likely require site-specific management options.
Multiple social and environmental benefits of poplars and willows - Mini Review.
Authors: Richardson J. , Isebrands J. G. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Poplars and willows provide society with ecosystem services. These include direct economic benefits such as wood, fibre, fuelwood and other forest products. They also include environmental benefits improving the lives of people, such as through rehabilitation of degraded land, restoration of forest landscapes and mitigation of climate change. All of these services support rural livelihoods, enhance food security, alleviate poverty and contribute to sustainable land use and rural development, particularly in developing countries.
Metabolic adaptation during early lactation: key to cow health, longevity and a sustainable dairy production chain.
Authors: Knegsel A. T. M. van , Hammon H. M. , Bernabucci U. , Bertoni G. , Bruckmaier R. M. , Goselink R. M. A. , Gross J. J. , Kuhla B. , Metges C. C. , Parmentier H. K. , Trevisi E. , Tröscher A. , Vuuren A. M. van 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Enhancing longevity by reducing involuntary culling and consequently increasing productive life and lifetime production of dairy cows is not only a strategy to improve a farm's profit, but is also related to improved animal welfare. High rates of involuntary culling in dairy cows are currently attributed to fertility problems, mastitis and locomotive disorders. Disease incidence is high in particular in the early-lactation period. The high disease incidence in early lactation has been attributed to metabolic stress related to the high metabolic priority for lactation and the inability of the cow to adapt effectively to the new lactation. Several biological mechanisms interact in the peripartum period of dairy cows and can result in this inability to adapt effectively to lactation. Biological mechanisms reviewed are metabolic adaptation, oxidative stress, immune function and inflammation, and feed intake capacity. Although relationships between these mechanisms become increasingly clear, these relationships are complex and not yet completely understood. Appropriate management of dairy cows in the peripartum period can facilitate cows to adapt to a new lactation. Nutritional and management strategies to ease adaptation are divided into strategies to restrict energy intake in the dry period, to improve energy intake in early lactation, alter repartitioning of energy between milk and body tissue, and strategies to support fat or carbohydrate metabolism. The success of various strategies, however, is often hampered by the complexity of interactions and high between-cow variation. We advocate for a multidisciplinary approach to understand and manage adaptation to a new lactation aiming at an improvement of cow welfare and longevity.
Observations of 6.7 GHz methanol masers with East-Asian VLBI Network. I. VLBI images of the first epoch of observations
Authors: Fujisawa Kenta , Sugiyama Koichiro , Motogi Kazuhito , Hachisuka Kazuya , Yonekura Yoshinori , Sawada-Satoh Satoko , Matsumoto Naoko , Sorai Kazuo , Momose Munetake , Saito Yu , Takaba Hiroshi , Ogawa Hideo , Kimura Kimihiro , Niinuma Kotaro , Hirano Daiki , Omodaka Toshihiro , Kobayashi Hideyuki , Kawaguchi Noriyuki , Shibata Katsunori M. , Honma Mareki , Hirota Tomoya , Murata Yasuhiro , Doi Akihiro , Mochizuki Nanako , Shen Zhiqiang , Chen Xi , Xia Bo , Li Bin , Kim Kee-Tae 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) monitoring of the 6.7 GHz methanol maser allows us to measure the internal proper motion of maser spots and therefore study the gas motion around high-mass young stellar objects. To this end, we have begun monitoring observations with the East-Asian VLBI Network. In this paper we present the results of the first epoch observation for 36 sources, including 35 VLBI images of the methanol maser. Since two independent sources were found in three images, images of 38 sources were obtained. In 34 sources, 10 or more spots were detected. The observed spatial scale of the maser distribution was from 9 to 4900 astronomical units, and the following morphological categories were observed: elliptical, arched, linear, paired, and complex. The position of the maser spot was determined with an accuracy of approximately 0.1 mas, which is sufficiently high to measure the internal proper motion from two years of monitoring observations. The VLBI observation, however, detected only approximately 20% of all maser emissions, suggesting that the remaining 80% of the total flux was spread into an undetectable extended distribution. Therefore, in addition to high-resolution observations, it is important to observe the whole structure of the maser emission including extended low-brightness structures, in order to reveal the associated site of the maser and gas motion.
Fecal Microbial Therapy
Authors: Merenstein Daniel , El‐Nachef Najwa , Lynch Susan V. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTA rapidly expanding range of diverse human diseases is now associated with perturbations to the gastrointestinal microbiome. Fecal microbial transplant (FMT) has been used with high rates of efficacy to treat gastrointestinal microbiome perturbation associated with recurrent Clostridium difficile infection, and is now being considered for other indications. Here we discuss the gut microbiome, review published and ongoing studies using FMT as a treatment modality for human disease, consider the regulatory aspects of FMT, and outline some factors that should be considered in patients in whom this therapeutic strategy is being contemplated.
Hemoglobin Control of Cell Survival/Death Decision Regulates in Vitro Plant Embryogenesis
Authors: Huang Shuanglong , Hill Robert D. , Wally Owen S.D. , Dionisio Giuseppe , Ayele Belay T. , Jami Sravan Kumar , Stasolla Claudio 
Published: May 2014

AbstractProgrammed cell death (PCD) in multicellular organisms is a vital process in growth, development, and stress responses that contributes to the formation of tissues and organs. Although numerous studies have defined the molecular participants in apoptotic and PCD cascades, successful identification of early master regulators that target specific cells to live or die is limited. Using Zea mays somatic embryogenesis as a model system, we report that the expressions of two plant hemoglobin (Hb) genes (ZmHb1 and ZmHb2) regulate the cell survival/death decision that influences somatic embryogenesis through their cell-specific localization patterns. Suppression of either of the two ZmHbs is sufficient to induce PCD through a pathway initiated by elevated NO and Zn2+ levels and mediated by production of reactive oxygen species. The effect of the death program on the fate of the developing embryos is dependent on the localization patterns of the two ZmHbs. During somatic embryogenesis, ZmHb2 transcripts are restricted to a few cells anchoring the embryos to the subtending embryogenic tissue, whereas ZmHb1 transcripts extend to several embryonic domains. Suppression of ZmHb2 induces PCD in the anchoring cells, allowing the embryos to develop further, whereas suppression of ZmHb1 results in massive PCD, leading to abortion. We conclude that regulation of the expression of these ZmHbs has the capability to determine the developmental fate of the embryogenic tissue during somatic embryogenesis through their effect on PCD. This unique regulation might have implications for development and differentiation in other species.
A new interactive guiding system with social networking services at exhibitions
Authors: Lin Hsien-Tang , W. Lan Lawrence 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper was to develop a new interactive guiding system allowing people to use their own smart mobile devices, such as smart phones or tablet PCs, to activate the guiding services at the art gallery. The system provided interactions between visitors and exhibit items. It focused on the highly interactive functions between visitors and artworks authors as well as among visitors at both exhibition sites and social network sites (SNSs).

Design/methodology/approach
– The system used quick response (QR) codes as the context aware elements, Facebook as the platform of SNSs, and smart mobile devices as the human-machine interfaces. Visitors carrying their own smart phones or tablet PCs can activate the guiding services by scanning the QR codes of the interested exhibit items. A system usability scale (SUS) survey was conducted to understand the visitors' perceptions on system usability. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect the visitors' and authors' attitudes on releasing messages through Facebook.

Findings
– The system was implemented at an art centre where lacquer artworks were on display. The SUS survey showed that 94 per cent of the participated visitors have satisfactorily rated this new guiding system, indicating rather high usability of the system. Most participated visitors agreed on Facebook as an ideal channel to release messages and they would pay more attention to the highly-recommended exhibit items. All the artworks authors consented to this new guiding system with potential power to disseminate their works over the cyberspace.

Originality/value
– This new system possesses some important features in blending real world and cyberspace activities. Visitors at exhibit sites can become more informed and captivated because the interactive guiding system enables them to share knowledge and commentary opinions with others who were, are or will be at the same exhibition. It also allows people to share with their cyberspace friends who may have no times or opportunities to visit the exhibition. Most importantly, the new system may immensely expand the number of potential visitors in ways to make the authors and their artworks rapidly recognized.