bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blunt Traumatic Abdominal Wall Hernias: A Surgeon’s Dilemma
Authors: Pardhan Amyn , Mazahir Samia , Rao Sudhakar , Weber Dieter 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundTraumatic abdominal wall hernias (TAWH) have been recognized for more than a century since they were first reported by Selby (JAMA 47:1485–1486, 1906). They continue to be a rare diagnosis, encountered in approximately 1 % blunt trauma admissions. The present study is a 10‐year retrospective review of patients presenting with TAWH to a State Major Trauma Unit in Western Australia. We hypothesized that the timing of the repair of TAWH was dependent on the severity of the abdominal wall injury, as well as associated injuries, and in turn, this may affect patient outcomes.Materials and methodsThe Trauma Registry at Royal Perth Hospital (the only Level I Trauma Centre for adults in Western Australia) was scrutinized for TAWH, between 2003 and 2013. The injuries were graded by the classification system of Dennis et al. (Am J Surg 197:413–417, 2009). Patients with TAWH following penetrating trauma were excluded.ResultsDuring the study period, 44 patients were diagnosed to have TAWH accounting for 0.08 % of admissions. Thirty (68 %) of the patients were male and the median age was 36 years (IQR 24–54). The median BMI was between 25 and 30. The majority of the patients sustained trauma secondary to motor vehicle crashes and the commonest associated injury was a pelvic fracture. Grades 3 and 4 injuries were found to have an association with a pelvic fracture (p < 0.001). No association was seen in the present study between seat belt use and the development of TAWH or between the location of TAWH and seat belt pattern. The median time of diagnosis of TAWH following arrival to hospital was 18 hours while the median time of surgery from diagnosis was 15.5 hours. Forty‐one (93 %) of the patients underwent surgery. Of these, 8 (20 %) were emergent due to a simultaneous bowel perforation and another five had primary mesh repairs. Three of the patients suffered superficial complications (7.5 %) and there were 3 (7 %) recurrences at a mean time of 7.25 months from the first repair. The follow‐up period ranged from 1 to 51 months with an average time of 16 months.ConclusionThis series is the largest single institution study conducted on TAWH to date. Despite its retrospective nature and small numbers, it has generated some important questions. A larger prospective study with a longer follow‐up period is required to generate reliable treatment algorithms as well as to standardize the management of TAWH.
Evaluation of rhizomania-resistance segregating sequences and overall genetic diversity pattern among selected accessions of Beta and Patellifolia. Potential implications of breeding for genetic bottlenecks in terms of rhizomania resistance
Authors: Litwiniec Anna , Gośka Maria , Choińska Beata , Kużdowicz Kamilla , Łukanowski Aleksander , Skibowska Barbara 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSugar beet is hypothesized to have a narrowed genetic base due to its origin as White Silesian Beet and from numerous breeding selections and practices. High sugar quality, yield of recoverable sugar, cytoplasmic-male sterility system, monogermity, pests and disease resistance and bolting resistance constitute some of the adaptations that significantly influenced the existing genetic background of the crop. In this study we aimed to evaluate the extent of genetic diversity existing in wild beet representatives of Beta and Patellifolia and sugar beet cultivars, with a special focus on the complex Beta vulgaris. Another purpose was to determine the potential usefulness and conformity of selected molecular markers in different groups of materials in the context of rhizomania resistance. To reach these goals, molecular RAPD, ISSR techniques, literature-selected rhizomania resistance-segregating sequences as well as mitochondrial markers were used. The comparison of genetic diversity in wild and cultivated Beta forms shows that the population differentiation values and distance values are relatively high in cultivars. Moreover, the diversity component seemed to be compromised rather on the level of population (Hs) than in total (Ht) in cultivars. Our results shed a new light on the expected genetic bottlenecks existing in cultivars and revealed features specific for individual taxa (Patellifolia, Corollinae). Some degree of distinctiveness was suggested between genetic determinants of rhizomania resistance in modern cultivars in comparison with wild resistance sources. In addition, we document here an internal heterogeneity existing in selected wild/weedy accessions at the level of crucial sequences using high resolution melting.
Partial coalescence from bubbles to drops
Authors: Zhang F. H. , Thoraval M.-J. , Thoroddsen S. T. , Taborek P. 
Published: October 2015

The coalescence of drops is a fundamental process in the coarsening of emulsions. However, counter-intuitively, this coalescence process can produce a satellite, approximately half the size of the original drop, which is detrimental to the overall coarsening. This also occurs during the coalescence of bubbles, while the resulting satellite is much smaller, approximately 10 %. To understand this difference, we have conducted a set of coalescence experiments using xenon bubbles inside a pressure chamber, where we can continuously raise the pressure from 1 up to 85 atm and thereby vary the density ratio between the inner and outer fluid, from 0.005 up to unity. Using high-speed video imaging, we observe a continuous increase in satellite size as the inner density is varied from the bubble to emulsion-droplet conditions, with the most rapid changes occurring as the bubble density grows up to 15 % of that of the surrounding liquid. We propose a model that successfully relates the satellite size to the capillary wave mode responsible for its pinch-off and the overall deformations from the drainage. The wavelength of the primary wave changes during its travel to the apex, with the instantaneous speed adjusting to the local wavelength. By estimating the travel time of this wave mode on the bubble surface, we also show that the model is consistent with the experiments. This wavenumber is determined by both the global drainage as well as the interface shapes during the rapid coalescence in the neck connecting the two drops or bubbles. The rate of drainage is shown to scale with the density of the inner fluid. Empirically, we find that the pinch-off occurs when 60 % of the bubble fluid has drained from it. Numerical simulations using the volume-of-fluid method with dynamic adaptive grid refinement can reproduce these dynamics, as well as show the associated vortical structure and stirring of the coalescing fluid masses. Enhanced stirring is observed for cases with second-stage pinch-offs. Numerous sub-satellites are observed when the length of the top protrusion of the drop exceeds the Rayleigh instability wavelength. We also find a parameter regime where the focusing of more than one capillary wave can pinch-off satellites. One realization shows a sequence of three pinch-offs, where the middle one pinches off a toroidal bubble.
Tectonomagmatic evolution of the South Dehshir Ophiolite, Central Iran
Authors: KHALATBARI JAFARI MORTEZA , SEPEHR HADI , MOBASHER KATAYOUN 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe South Dehshir Ophiolite, exposed along the southwestern margin of the Central Iranian microcontinent, comprises a mantle and a crustal sequence. This massif contains serpentinized peridotites, gabbros and diabase sheeted dykes cutting across wherlite, pegmatitic gabbro and plagiogranite, and is tectonically covered by radiolarites, pelagic limestones with Late Cretaceous microfauna and lavas. Under a microscope, the gabbros exhibit mesocumulate, adcumulate and hetradcumulate textures presumably formed in open magma chambers. Hypabyssal and lava samples show tholeiitic to calc-alkaline affinities, and their compositions cluster in the fields of arc or supra-subduction zone magmatism. Binary diagrams display compositional trends of magmatic differentiation, plotting away from the mid-ocean-ridge basalt (MORB) (tholeiitic) trend and following the arc (calc-alkaline) trend. Rare Earth element (REE) and spider diagrams display various enrichments at different levels. Moderate enrichment of the large-ion lithophile elements (LILE; Rb, Ba, Th, U, La, Sr) relative to the high-field-strength elements (HFSE; Nb, Ta) and slight depletion of Ti and Zr in some patterns may be attributed to variable influences of subduction components over the depleted mantle wedge. Elemental ratios display evidence for the contribution of both fluids and melt released from the subducted slab. Few patterns display ocean-island basalt (OIB) characteristics, possibly attributed to the involvement of local mantle plumes on the partial melting of the mantle wedge. This evidence indicates that the crustal rocks of the South Dehshir Ophiolite formed in a supra-subduction zone.
Evolutionary structural and spatial adaptation of topologically differentiated tensile systems in architectural design
Authors: Ahlquist Sean , Erb Dillon , Menges Achim 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis paper presents research in the development of heuristic evolutionary algorithms (EAs) for generating and exploring differentiated force-based structures. The algorithm is weighted toward design exploration of topological differentiation while including specific structural and material constraints. An embryological EA model is employed to “grow” networks of mass-spring elements achieving desired mesh densities that resolve themselves in tensile force (form-active) equilibrium. The primal quadrilateral quadrisection method serves as the foundation for a range of extensible subdivision methods. Unique to this research, the quad is addressed as a “cell” rather than a topological or geometric construct, allowing for the contents of the cell to vary in number of mass-spring elements and orientation. In this research, this approach has been termed the quadrilateral quadrisection withnvariable topological transformation method. This research culminates with the introduction of a method forgraftingmeshes where emergent features from the evolved meshes can be transposed and replicated in an explicit yet informed manner. The EA and grafting methods function within a Java-based software calledspringFORM, developed in previous research, which utilizes a mass-spring based library for solving force equilibrium and allows for both active (manual) and algorithmic topology manipulation. In application to a specific complex tensile mesh, the design framework, which combines the generative EA and mesh grafting method, is shown to produce emergent and highly differentiated topological arrangements that negotiate the specific relationships among a desired maximal mesh density, geometric patterning, and equalized force distribution.
Pretreating porcine sperm with lipase enhances developmental competence of embryos produced by intracytoplasmic sperm injection
Authors: Wei Yinghui , Fan Junhua , Li Lin , Liu Zhiguo , Li Kui 
Published: October 2015

SummaryIntracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) has been widely applied in humans, mice, and some domestic animals to cure human infertility, or produce genetically superior or genetically engineered animals. However, the production efficiency of ICSI in pigs remains quite low. In this study, we developed a new sperm pretreatment method to improve production efficiency of ICSI in pigs. Experiment 1 revealed that pretreating porcine sperm with 2.5 mg/ml lipase before ICSI operation, not only can reduce the adhesion between sperm and the injection pipette without adding polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in the operating medium, but also significantly improve male pronuclei (MPN) formation rate (55.56% vs. 40.00% (0 mg/ml), 42.59% (5.0 mg/ml), 40.00% (10.0 mg/ml), P < 0.05) and enhance developmental competence of ICSI embryos (26.03% vs. 10.87% (0 mg/ml), 10.00% (5.0 mg/ml), 10.13% (10.0 mg/ml), P < 0.05). Experiment 2 showed that this method has a higher MPN formation rate (50.47% vs. 30.78%, P < 0.05) and blastocyst rate (18.81% vs. 7.41%, P < 0.05) than the PVP method, and was better than the Triton X-100 treatment method (50.47% vs. 46.23%, 18.81% vs. 12.75%). Therefore, pretreating porcine sperm with 2.5 mg/ml lipase before ICSI operation is highly recommended, instead of adding PVP in the operating medium.
A splicing variant of Merlin promotes metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Luo Zai-Li , Cheng Shu-Qun , Shi Jie , Zhang Hui-Lu , Zhang Cun-Zhen , Chen Hai-Yang , Qiu Bi-Jun , Tang Liang , Hu Cong-Li , Wang Hong-Yang , Li Zhong 
Published: October 2015

AbstractMerlin, which is encoded by the tumour suppressor gene Nf2, plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis and metastasis. However, little is known about the functional importance of Merlin splicing forms. In this study, we show that Merlin is present at low levels in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), particularly in metastatic tumours, where it is associated with a poor prognosis. Surprisingly, a splicing variant of Merlin that lacks exons 2, 3 and 4 (Δ2–4Merlin) is amplified in HCC and portal vein tumour thrombus (PVTT) specimens and in the CSQT2 cell line derived from PVTT. Our studies show that Δ2–4Merlin interferes with the capacity of wild-type Merlin to bind β-catenin and ERM, and it is expressed in the cytoplasm rather than at the cell surface. Furthermore, Δ2–4Merlin overexpression increases the expression levels of β-catenin and stemness-related genes, induces the epithelium–mesenchymal-transition phenotype promoting cell migration in vitro and the formation of lung metastasis in vivo. Our results indicate that the Δ2–4Merlin variant disrupts the normal function of Merlin and promotes tumour metastasis.
An LSC epigenetic signature is largely mutation independent and implicates the HOXA cluster in AML pathogenesis
Authors: Jung Namyoung , Dai Bo , Gentles Andrew J. , Majeti Ravindra , Feinberg Andrew P. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAcute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is characterized by subpopulations of leukaemia stem cells (LSCs) that are defined by their ability to engraft in immunodeficient mice. Here we show an LSC DNA methylation signature, derived from xenografts and integration with gene expression that is comprised of 71 genes and identifies a key role for the HOXA cluster. Most of the genes are epigenetically regulated independently of underlying mutations, although several are downstream targets of epigenetic modifier genes mutated in AML. The LSC epigenetic signature is associated with poor prognosis independent of known risk factors such as age and cytogenetics. Analysis of early haematopoietic progenitors from normal individuals reveals two distinct clusters of AML LSC resembling either lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitors or granulocyte/macrophage progenitors. These results provide evidence for DNA methylation variation between AML LSCs and their blast progeny, and identify epigenetically distinct subgroups of AML likely reflecting the cell of origin.
ScbR- and ScbR2-mediated signal transduction networks coordinate complex physiological responses in Streptomyces coelicolor
Authors: Li Xiao , Wang Juan , Li Shanshan , Ji Junjie , Wang Weishan , Yang Keqian 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn model organism Streptomyces coelicolor, γ-butyrolactones (GBLs) and antibiotics were recognized as signalling molecules playing fundamental roles in intra- and interspecies communications. To dissect the GBL and antibiotic signalling networks systematically, the in vivo targets of their respective receptors ScbR and ScbR2 were identified on a genome scale by ChIP-seq. These identified targets encompass many that are known to play important roles in diverse cellular processes (e.g. gap1, pyk2, afsK, nagE2, cdaR, cprA, cprB, absA1, actII-orf4, redZ, atrA, rpsL and sigR) and they formed regulatory cascades, sub-networks and feedforward loops to elaborately control key metabolite processes, including primary and secondary metabolism, morphological differentiation and stress response. Moreover, interplay among ScbR, ScbR2 and other regulators revealed intricate cross talks between signalling pathways triggered by GBLs, antibiotics, nutrient availability and stress. Our work provides a global view on the specific responses that could be triggered by GBL and antibiotic signals in S. coelicolor, among which the main echo was the change of production profile of endogenous antibiotics and antibiotic signals manifested a role to enhance bacterial stress tolerance as well, shedding new light on GBL and antibiotic signalling networks widespread among streptomycetes.
A three-dimensional spin-diffusion model for micromagnetics
Authors: Abert Claas , Ruggeri Michele , Bruckner Florian , Vogler Christoph , Hrkac Gino , Praetorius Dirk , Suess Dieter 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe solve a time-dependent three-dimensional spin-diffusion model coupled to the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation numerically. The presented model is validated by comparison to two established spin-torque models: The model of Slonzewski that describes spin-torque in multi-layer structures in the presence of a fixed layer and the model of Zhang and Li that describes current driven domain-wall motion. It is shown that both models are incorporated by the spin-diffusion description, i.e., the nonlocal effects of the Slonzewski model are captured as well as the spin-accumulation due to magnetization gradients as described by the model of Zhang and Li. Moreover, the presented method is able to resolve the time dependency of the spin-accumulation.
Making and Changing Laws in Ancient Athens
Authors: Canevaro Mirko 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis chapter explores the development of ideas about legislation and legislative procedures in ancient Athens. It isolates in Solon and in the Archaic lawgivers an ideology of legislation that mistrusted legal change. This ideology of legislation was still dominant throughout the fifth century BCE, but progressively came into conflict with democratic ideas and practices. The chapter examines how this conflict played out in the oligarchic revolutions and the democratic restorations at the end of the fifth century, and then discusses the creation of nomothesia procedures that reconciled the need for legal change with that for consistent and stable laws. The last part of the chapter follows the workings of these procedures throughout the fourth century BCE, and their progressive disintegration after the Lamian War.
Temporal Trends in Anesthesia-related Adverse Events in Cesarean Deliveries, New York State, 2003–2012
Authors: Guglielminotti Jean , Wong Cynthia A. , Landau Ruth , Li Guohua 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAbstract
In a review of approximately 800,000 cesarean deliveries in New York state from 2003 to 2012, the overall rate of anesthesia-related adverse events was 730 per 100,000, and there was a decrease in major events by 43% and minor events by 23% during this time. During the same time period, the incidence of nonanesthesia complications increased 47%.
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.

Background
Cesarean delivery (CD) is associated with significantly increased risks of anesthesia-related adverse events (ARAEs) and nonanesthetic perioperative morbidity compared with vaginal delivery. Temporal trends in these adverse outcomes remain unknown despite efforts to improve maternal safety. This study examines temporal trends in ARAEs and nonanesthetic perioperative complications in CDs in New York hospitals.

Methods
Data are from the State Inpatient Database for New York, 2003–2012. ARAEs, including minor and major ARAEs, and nonanesthetic perioperative complications were identified through International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes. Statistical significance in time trends was assessed using the Cochran–Armitage test and multivariable logistic regression.

Results
Of the 785,854 CDs studied, 5,715 (730 per 100,000; 95% CI, 710 to 750) had at least one ARAE and 7,040 had at least one perioperative complication (890 per 100,000; 95% CI, 870 to 920). The overall annual rate of ARAEs decreased from 890 per 100,000 in 2003 to 660 in 2012 (25% decrease; 95% CI, 16 to 34; P < 0.0001). The rate of minor ARAEs decreased 23% (95% CI, 13 to 32) and of major ARAEs decreased 43% (95% CI, 23 to 63). No decrease was observed in the rate of ARAEs for CDs performed under general anesthesia. The rate of nonanesthetic complications increased 47% (95% CI, 31 to 63; P < 0.0001).

Conclusions
Anesthesia-related outcomes in cesarean deliveries appear to have improved significantly across hospitals in New York in the past decade. Perioperative nonanesthetic complications remain a serious healthcare issue.
Characterising Complex Enzyme Reaction Data
Authors: Dönertaş Handan Melike , Martínez Cuesta Sergio , Rahman Syed Asad , Thornton Janet M. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe relationship between enzyme-catalysed reactions and the Enzyme Commission (EC) number, the widely accepted classification scheme used to characterise enzyme activity, is complex and with the rapid increase in our knowledge of the reactions catalysed by enzymes needs revisiting. We present a manual and computational analysis to investigate this complexity and found that almost one-third of all known EC numbers are linked to more than one reaction in the secondary reaction databases (e.g. KEGG). Although this complexity is often resolved by defining generic, alternative and partial reactions, we have also found individual EC numbers with more than one reaction catalysing different types of bond changes. This analysis adds a new dimension to our understanding of enzyme function and might be useful for the accurate annotation of the function of enzymes and to study the changes in enzyme function during evolution.
Mechanisms of blood homeostasis: lineage tracking and a neutral model of cell populations in rhesus macaque
Authors: Goyal Sidhartha , Kim Sanggu , Chen Irvin S. Y. , Chou Tom 
Published: October 2015

AbstractHow a potentially diverse population of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) differentiates and proliferates to supply more than 1011mature blood cells every day in humans remains a key biological question. We investigated this process by quantitatively analyzing theclonalstructure of peripheral blood that is generated by a population of transplanted lentivirus-marked HSCs in myeloablated rhesus macaques. Each transplanted HSC generates a clonal lineage of cells in the peripheral blood that is then detected and quantified through deep sequencing of the viral vector integration sites (VIS) common within each lineage. This approach allowed us to observe, over a period of 4-12 years, hundreds of distinct clonal lineages. Surprisingly, while the distinct clone sizes varied by three orders of magnitude, we found that collectively, they form a steady-state clone size-distribution with a distinctive shape. Our concise model shows that slow HSC differentiation followed by fast progenitor growth is responsible for the observed broad clone size-distribution. Although all cells are assumed to be statistically identical, analogous to a neutral theory for the different clone lineages, our mathematical approach captures the intrinsic variability in the times to HSC differentiation after transplantation. Steady-state solutions of our model show that the predicted clone size-distribution is sensitive to only two combinations of parameters. By fitting the measured clone size-distributions to our mechanistic model, we estimate both the effective HSC differentiation rate and the number of active HSCs.