bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A global view of gravity waves in the Martian atmosphere inferred from a high‐resolution general circulation model
Authors: Kuroda Takeshi , Medvedev Alexander S. , Yiğit Erdal , Hartogh Paul 
Published: October 2015

AbstractGlobal characteristics of the small‐scale gravity wave (GW) field in the Martian atmosphere obtained from a high‐resolution general circulation model (GCM) are presented for the first time. The simulated GW‐induced temperature variances are in a good agreement with available radio occultation data in the lower atmosphere between 10 and 30 km. The model reveals a latitudinal asymmetry with stronger wave generation in the winter hemisphere and two distinctive sources of GWs: mountainous regions and the meandering winter polar jet. Orographic GWs are filtered, while propagating upward, and the mesosphere is primarily dominated by harmonics with faster horizontal phase velocities. Wave fluxes are directed mainly against the local wind. GW dissipation in the upper mesosphere generates body forces of tens of m s−1 per Martian solar day (sol−1), which tend to close the simulated jets. The results represent a realistic surrogate for missing observations, which can be used for constraining GW parameterizations and validating GCM simulations.
Seismic and aseismic deformations and impact on reservoir permeability: The case of EGS stimulation at The Geysers, California, USA
Authors: Jeanne Pierre , Rutqvist Jonny , Rinaldi Antonio Pio , Dobson Patrick F. , Walters Mark , Hartline Craig , Garcia Julio 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we use the Seismicity‐Based Reservoir Characterization approach to study the spatiotemporal dynamics of an injection‐induced microseismic cloud, monitored during the stimulation of an enhanced geothermal system, and associated with the Northwest Geysers Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) Demonstration project (California). We identified the development of a seismically quiet domain around the injection well surrounded by a seismically active domain. Then we compare these observations with the results of 3‐D Thermo‐Hydro‐Mechanical simulations of the EGS, which accounts for changes in permeability as a function of the effective normal stress and the plastic strain. The results of our modeling show that (1) the aseismic domain is caused by both the presence of the injected cold water and by thermal processes. These thermal processes cause a cooling‐stress reduction, which prevent shear reactivation and favors fracture opening by reducing effective normal stress and locally increasing the permeability. This process is accompanied by aseismic plastic shear strain. (2) In the seismic domain, microseismicity is caused by the reactivation of the preexisting fractures, resulting from an increase in injection‐induced pore pressure. Our modeling indicates that in this domain, permeability evolves according to the effective normal stress acting on the shear zones, whereas shearing of preexisting fractures may have a low impact on permeability. We attribute this lack of permeability gain to the fact that the initial permeabilities of these preexisting fractures are already high (up to 2 orders of magnitude higher than the host rock) and may already be fully dilated by past tectonic straining.
Automatic analysis of double coronal mass ejections from coronagraph images
Authors: Jacobs Matthew , Chang Lin‐Ching , Pulkkinen Antti , Romano Michelangelo 
Published: October 2015

AbstractCoronal mass ejections (CMEs) can have major impacts on man‐made technology and humans, both in space and on Earth. These impacts have created a high interest in the study of CMEs in an effort to detect and track events and forecast the CME arrival time to provide time for proper mitigation. A robust automatic real‐time CME processing pipeline is greatly desired to avoid laborious and subjective manual processing. Automatic methods have been proposed to segment CMEs from coronagraph images and estimate CME parameters such as their heliocentric location and velocity. However, existing methods suffered from several shortcomings such as the use of hard thresholding and an inability to handle two or more CMEs occurring within the same coronagraph image. Double‐CME analysis is a necessity for forecasting the many CME events that occur within short time frames. Robust forecasts for all CME events are required to fully understand space weather impacts. This paper presents a new method to segment CME masses and pattern recognition approaches to differentiate two CMEs in a single coronagraph image. The proposed method is validated on a data set of 30 halo CMEs, with results showing comparable ability in transient arrival time prediction accuracy and the new ability to automatically predict the arrival time of a double‐CME event. The proposed method is the first automatic method to successfully calculate CME parameters from double‐CME events, making this automatic method applicable to a wider range of CME events.
A Straightforward Approach for the Stereoselective Synthesis of (E)‐2‐Aryl/vinylmethylidene‐1,4‐benzodiazepines and ‐1,4‐benzodiazepin‐5‐ones through Palladium/Charcoal‐Catalyzed Reactions
Authors: Kundu Priyanka , Mondal Amrita , Das Bimolendu , Chowdhury Chinmay 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA facile and general method for the stereoselective synthesis of (E)‐2‐aryl‐ (or vinyl)methylidene‐1,4‐benzodiazepin‐5‐ones has been developed by means of palladium/charcoal‐catalyzed reactions between aryl (or vinyl) halides/triflates and 2‐aminotosyl (or nosyl/brosyl/mesyl)‐N‐alkyl‐N‐(prop‐2‐ynyl)benzamides. Replacing the benzamide unit in the latter substrate by its benzylamine analogue and subsequent reaction with aryl iodides under the same reaction conditions resulted in the formation of (E)‐2‐aryl‐ (or vinyl)methylidene‐1,4‐benzodiazepines. The reaction mechanism involves trans‐aminopalladation as a key step during cyclization (7‐exo‐dig) ensuring exclusive (E)‐stereochemistry of the products. The method is fast, operationally simple, totally regio‐ and stereoselective, and uses readily available substrates with varied structures and low cost Pd/C instead of costly palladium as catalyst. Furthermore, simple base‐induced isomerization of the exocyclic double bond of the 1,4‐benzodiazepin‐5‐one products yielded their endocyclic isomers.magnified image
Historical and emerging workplaces affected by silica exposure since the 1930 Johannesburg conference on Silicosis, with special reference to construction
Authors: Sauvé Jean‐François 
Published: October 2015

IntroductionAt the time of the 1930 International Labour Office Conference on silicosis in Johannesburg, mining was the main sector affected by silicosis; however, other industries would later emerge as areas of concern.MethodsA search of the occupational hygiene and epidemiological literature was conducted to retrieve historical and current documents pertaining to silica exposure and associated hazards.ResultsThe potential risk of silicosis in construction became evident starting in the 1960s, and the body of literature including case reports, sampling surveys, and medical surveillance continues to grow to this day. Among non‐construction activities, hydraulic fracturing and engineered countertop manufacturing have recently appeared as industries with a potential for overexposure, while mining remains the industrial sector with the highest prevalence of exposure.ConclusionsThe risk of developing this “ancient disease” remains a current issue in many workplaces, and requires ongoing surveillance and prevention efforts. Am. J. Ind. Med. 58:S67–S71, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Durch sichtbares Licht induzierte decarboxylierende Funktionalisierung von Carbonsäuren und ihren Derivaten
Authors: Xuan Jun , Zhang Zhao‐Guo , Xiao Wen‐Jing 
Published: October 2015

AbstractDer radikalischen decarboxylierenden Funktionalisierung von Carbonsäuren und ihren Derivaten mithilfe von sichtbarem Licht wird seit einiger Zeit erhöhte Aufmerksamkeit zuteil, da sie ein neuartiges und effizientes Verfahren zur Knüpfung von C‐C‐ und C‐X‐Bindungen ist. Dieses Verfahren lässt sich unter milden Reaktionsbedingungen auf eine breite Palette von Substraten anwenden und toleriert eine Vielzahl funktioneller Gruppen. Die bei der Decarboxylierung gebildeten Radikale können nicht nur für photokatalytische Einzelumsetzungen, sondern auch für duale katalytische Kreuzkupplungen genutzt werden. Für Letzteres wird die Photoredoxkatalyse mit anderen katalytischen Verfahren verknüpft. Die jüngsten Fortschritte in diesem Forschungsbereich werden im Folgenden vorgestellt.
Constructive approach in teaching of VoIP in line with good laboratory and manufacturing practice
Authors: Mekic Edis , Djokic Ivan , Zejnelagic Sabina , Matovic Ana 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTIn the present article, Constructive Approach is introduced for students, to model a simulation and develop a real system for VoIP. The main aim is to provide experiences on modeling and development of the real system with the equipment in the controlled laboratory environment by using established good laboratory and manufacturing practice. Developing systems, assigned to students, helped them to integrate their theoretical knowledge with their practical skills. Since classical courses are limited to the related theoretical knowledge given by an instructor, students can gain valuable experiences with fully developed functional simulation and the real system, important correlations and procedures, which are implemented in the engineering practice, and thus are introduced in this paper. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 24:277–287, 2016; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21705
Biosynthetic Origin of the Antibiotic Pseudopyronines A and B in Pseudomonas putida BW11M1
Authors: Bauer Judith S. , Ghequire Maarten G. K. , Nett Markus , Josten Michaele , Sahl Hans‐Georg , De Mot René , Gross Harald 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWithin the framework of our effort to discover new antibiotics from pseudomonads, pseudopyronines A and B were isolated from the plant‐derived Pseudomonas putida BW11M1. Pseudopyronines are 3,6‐dialkyl‐4‐hydroxy‐2‐pyrones and displayed high in vitro activities against several human pathogens, and in our hands also towards the plant pathogen Pseudomonas savastanoi. Here, the biosynthesis of pseudopyronine B was studied by a combination of feeding experiments with isotopically labeled precursors, genomic sequence analysis, and gene deletion experiments. The studies resulted in the deduction of all acetate units and revealed that the biosynthesis of these α‐pyrones occurs with a single PpyS‐homologous ketosynthase. It fuses, with some substrate flexibility, a 3‐oxo‐fatty acid and a further unbranched saturated fatty acid, both of medium chain‐length and provided by primary metabolism.
Enzyme‐Modified Particles for Selective Biocatalytic Hydrogenation by Hydrogen‐Driven NADH Recycling
Authors: Reeve Holly A. , Lauterbach Lars , Lenz Oliver , Vincent Kylie A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe describe a new approach to selective H2‐driven hydrogenation that exploits a sequence of enzymes immobilised on carbon particles. We used a catalyst system that comprised alcohol dehydrogenase, hydrogenase and an NAD+ reductase on carbon black to demonstrate a greater than 98 % conversion of acetophenone to phenylethanol. Oxidation of H2 by the hydrogenase provides electrons through the carbon for NAD+ reduction to recycle the NADH cofactor required by the alcohol dehydrogenase. This biocatalytic system operates over the pH range 6–8 or in un‐buffered water, and can function at low concentrations of the cofactor (10 μm NAD+) and at H2 partial pressures below 1 bar. Total turnover numbers >130 000 during acetophenone reduction indicate high enzyme stability, and the immobilised enzymes can be recovered by a simple centrifugation step and re‐used several times. This offers a route to convenient, atom‐efficient operation of NADH‐dependent oxidoreductases for selective hydrogenation catalysis.
Metalated Hexaphyrins: From Understanding to Rational Design
Authors: Alonso Mercedes , Pinter Balazs , Geerlings Paul , De Proft Frank 
Published: October 2015

AbstractInvited for this month′s cover is the Quantum Chemistry group (ALGC) of the Free University of Brussels (VUB). The image depicts an artist’s impression of how the metal influences the molecular topology and aromaticity of hexaphyrins. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201502894.
Numerical simulation of hydrogen bubble growth at an electrode surface
Authors: Liu Hongbo , Pan Liang‐ming , Wen Jian 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA single hydrogen bubble generated at an electrode surface during water electrolysis is simulated via the volume of fluid (VOF) multiphase flow model to capture the details of the interface evolution and the mass transfer that occurs at the interface. The hydrogen bubble that grows at the electrode is driven by supersaturation of the dissolved hydrogen in the liquid. Two models are used to calculate the gas‐liquid interface mass transfer coefficient. The bubble growth from experimental results agrees closely with theoretical predictions. In addition, the mass transfer of dissolved hydrogen from the electrode surface to the bulk liquid is evaluated during the bubble nucleation and growth stages. During the nucleation stage, the mass transfer coefficient is < 5.1 × 10−5 m/s. Once the bubble embryo is formed, the mass transfer greatly increases. Before the bubble releases, the mass transfer coefficient reaches 2.8 × 10−4 m/s. More detailed information about the bubble growth is presented, including bubble‐induced convection and the concentration distribution of dissolved hydrogen around the growing bubble. The results indicate that the VOF method is suitable and reliable for simulating bubble behaviour during electrolysis or other electrochemical reactions that involve gas bubble desorption.
Cyanate Ester/Functionalized Silica Nanocomposite: Synthesis, Characterization and Properties
Authors: Li Jiapeng , He Qihui , Xu Renfu , Hu Baixing 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn this paper silica nanoparticles with covalently grafted polymer chains were incorporated into bisphenol A dicyanate ester (BADCy) to prepare composites which resulted in improvements in the mechanical and thermal properties. Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were employed to examine the surface functionalization of silica nanoparticles. The effects of functionalized SiO2 (F‐SiO2) on the curing reactivity mechanical and thermal properties of BADCy resin were investigated systematically. The curing reaction of the system was facilitated with the addition of F‐SiO2. Meanwhile compared with the neat resin the incorporation of appropriate content of modified F‐SiO2 can enhance the mechanical properties including impact flexural strengths and fracture toughness KIC of BADCy resin. In addition the thermal stability of BADCy/F‐SiO2 nanocomposites is also superior to that of pure BADCy resin.
Preparation, Crystal Structure and Properties of a New Crystal Form of Diammonium 5,5′‐bistetrazole‐1,1′‐diolate
Authors: Wang Xiaojun , Jin Shaohua , Zhang Chunyuan , Li Lijie , Chen Shusen , Shu Qinghai 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA new crystal form of diammonium 5,5′‐bistetrazole‐1,1′‐diolate (1) was prepared by two novel methods and fully characterized by using IR, NMR spectroscopy, elementary analysis, single crystal X‐ray crystallography and thermal gravity/differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA). Crystalline 1 was found as monoclinic and space group of P21/c (14). The TG/DTA analysis showed that the decomposition temperature of 1 was 287.8°C with a mass loss of 91.2% in the range of 220–300°C at a heating rate of 5°C/min. The sensitivities test towards impact, friction of 1 indicated that 1 has much lower sensitivities than those of RDX/HMX and is comparable to those of TNT, which suggested that 1 could be used as a good candidate of new insensitive energetic compound.
How Small DNA Minicircles Can Be Applied to Construct DNA Nanotubes?
Authors: Afshan Noshin , Zheng Hongning , Xiao Shou‐Jun 
Published: October 2015

AbstractDNA as a life's information carrier can be modified into geometrically fine nanostructures via self‐assembly of designed nucleotides with specified length. In this work, three DNA minicircles with designed lengths of 48‐nt, 50‐nt, and 52‐nt, are directed to self‐assemble into nanotubes after hybridization with staple strands, following the folding strategy with each double crossover (DX) at 2.5 turns. Much smaller DNA minicircles such as the 32‐nt ring are highly rigid once they form double helices, therefore they lack the flexibility to form finely ordered nanotubes. In the case of nanotubes comprising of 52‐nt minicircles, most nanotubes were 800 nm long and 20% were up to 2 μm, whereas the nanotubes composed of 50 base pair subunits and 48 base pair subunits with the DX at frustrated 2.5 turns showed relatively shorter nanotubes at 700 and 600 (or 500) nm, respectively.
Synthesis and Characterization of Two Isostructural Lanthanide‐Containing Metal‐Organic Frameworks Constructed from an Unprecedented [Ln7(μ3‐OH)8]13+ Cluster
Authors: Liu Lianchao , Shen Chaojun , Dong Fangfang , Wang Wenjing , Yuan Daqiang 
Published: October 2015

AbstractTwo isostructural metal‐organic frameworks formulated as [Gd7(L)4(μ3‐OH)8(HCOO)(DMF)6(H2O)]·DMF·H2O (1) and [Tb7(L)4(μ3‐OH)8(HCOO)(DMF)5(H2O)]·DMF·H2O (2) (H3L=3,5‐di(4′‐carboxylphenyl)benzoic acid) have been synthesized and structurally characterized. The building blocks of the structures are the heptanuclear lanthanide clusters of the dicubane‐like type [Ln7(μ3‐OH)8]13+ (Ln=Gd, Tb) which are formally assembled into porous three‐dimensional networks through the linkage of L. Variable temperature magnetic studies down to 2 K reveal antiferromagnetic interactions in complex 1. Furthermore, the fluorescence property of 2 was also studied.
A Short Synthesis of Clionamine D
Authors: Hao Xiang , Wu Jingjing , Tian Hailong , Shi Yong , Lin Jingrong , Tian Weisheng 
Published: October 2015

AbstractHerein we describe a scalable four‐step preparation of α‐methylene‐γ‐lactone 3 from steroidal sapogenin. This method allowed a facile synthesis of clionamine D, a natural aminosteroid with potent autophagy bioactivity and unprecedented chemical structure.
Ein Science Camp zu Wissenschaft und Wissenschaftskommunikation: Schüler präsentieren (ihre) Nanoforschung
Authors: Tirre Frederike , Kampschulte Lorenz , Parchmann Ilka 
Published: October 2015

AbstractDie Wissenschaftskommunikation hat sich in den letzten Jahrzehnten rasant entwickelt und ist heute zu einem unverzichtbaren Teil unserer Wissensgesellschaft geworden. Forschungseinrichtungen, aber auch einzelne Forscherinnen und Forscher widmen sich der gesellschaftlich wirksamen Darstellung von Forschungsergebnissen und bedienen sich dabei einer breiten Palette an Kommunikationsformaten: Von Printprodukten über Filme und Webseiten, Blogs und Social Media bis hin zu öffentlichen Vorträgen und Ausstellungen. Um dieses spannende Themenfeld auch Schülerinnen und Schülern zugänglich zu machen, wurde ein Science Camp zu Wissenschaft und Wissenschaftskommunikation konzipiert und erprobt. Im ersten Teil des Camps lernen die Teilnehmenden in einem eigenen Forschungsprojekt Wissenschaft näher kennen. Nach einem Workshop zu Wissenschaftskommunikation erarbeiten sie im zweiten Teil des Camps ein eigenes Konzept, um ihre „Forschungsergebnisse“ zu präsentieren.
Comparative assessment of 18F‐Mefway as a serotonin 5‐HT1A receptor PET imaging agent across species: Rodents, nonhuman primates, and humans
Authors: Mukherjee Jogeshwar , Bajwa Alisha K. , Wooten Dustin W. , Hillmer Ansel T. , Pan Min‐Liang , Pandey Suresh K. , Saigal Neil , Christian Bradley T. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTWe have developed 18F‐trans‐Mefway (18F‐Mefway) for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging studies of serotonin 5‐HT1A receptors which are implicated in various brain functions. Translation of imaging the 5‐HT1A receptor in animal models to humans will facilitate an understanding of the role of the receptor in human brain disorders. We report comparative brain distribution of 18F‐Mefway in normal mice, rats, monkeys, and healthy human volunteers. Mefway was found to be very selective, with subnanomolar affinity for the 5‐HT1A receptor. Affinities of >55 nM were found for all other human‐cloned receptor subtypes tested. Mefway was found to be a poor substrate (>30 μM) for the multidrug resistance 1 protein, suggesting low likelihood of brain uptake being affected by P‐glycoprotein. Cerebellum was used as a reference region in all imaging studies across all species due to the low levels of 18F‐Mefway binding. Consistent binding of 18F‐Mefway in cortical regions, hippocampus, and raphe was observed across all species. 18F‐Mefway in the human brain regions correlated with the known postmortem distribution of 5‐HT1A receptors. Quantitation of raphe was affected by the resolution of the PET scanners in rodents, whereas monkeys and humans showed a raphe to cerebellum ratio of approximately 3. 18F‐Mefway appears to be an effective 5‐HT1A receptor imaging agent in all models, including humans. 18F‐Mefway therefore may be used to quantify 5‐HT1A receptor distribution in brain regions for the study of various CNS disorders. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:1457–1471, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Biochemical, biophysical, and genetic changes of porcine trophoblast‐derived stem‐like cells during differentiation as evaluated using Raman microspectroscopy, Atomic force microscopy, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Li Qifei , Suasnavas Edison , Heywood Sierra , Xiao Lifu , Zhou Anhong , Isom S. Clay 
Published: October 2015

SummaryPorcine trophoblast‐derived stem‐like cells grown into serum medium start to differentiate and become senescent within 30 days. However, trophoblast‐derived cells, cultured in vitro in a defined and non‐serum medium, have the regenerative properties, such as indefinite passage and foreign DNA receptivity, similar to stem cells. To evaluate the biochemical, biophysical, and genetic changes of the terminal differentiation of trophoblast derived cells, Raman microspectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and qPCR were applied. It was found that Raman spectral intensities of characteristic peaks, cell morphology, and Young's modulus can be used to distinguish differentiated and undifferentiated trophoblast cells. In addition, 17 cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix‐related genes were significantly impacted by medium type (non‐serum versus serum). Our findings suggest that Raman microspectroscopy and atomic force microscopy—both considered as label‐free, non‐invasive techniques—can be applied to distinguish differentiated trophoblast cells, and cellular biochemical information and biophysical properties can be indicative of cellular differences during cell differentiation. In addition, most of cytoskeleton‐related genes exhibit similar pattern to that of Young's modulus during trophoblast cell differentiation, indicating the potential connection between cytoskeleton‐related genes and cellular stiffness. genesis 53:749–761, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.