bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors for High and Low Placental Weight
Authors: McNamara Helen , Hutcheon Jennifer A. , Platt Robert W. , Benjamin Alice , Kramer Michael S. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundPlacental weight is an independent predictor of adverse perinatal outcome. However, risk factors for high and low placental weight are poorly understood. The objective of this study was to identify maternal, placental, and umbilical cord determinants of placental weight, before and after accounting for birthweight.MethodsThis cohort study of 87 600 singleton births at the Royal Victoria Hospital in Montreal, Canada assessed the relationship between maternal, placental, and umbilical cord characteristics and placental weight (standardised for sex and gestational age). We separately examined risk factors for high (z‐score >+1) and low (z‐score <−1) placental weight. Multivariable logistic regression was used to study associations after adjusting for confounders and further adjusting for birthweight.ResultsChronic hypertension was associated with low placental weight {relative risk (RR) 2.1 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.8, 2.4] and 1.8 [95% CI 1.5, 2.1] before and after accounting for birthweight}, while pre‐eclampsia was associated with low placenta weight before, but not after adjustment for birthweight. Anaemia and gestational diabetes were linked with high placental weight (RRs 1.2–1.4, respectively) before and after adjustment for birthweight, while smoking was linked with high placental weight only after adjustment for birthweight (RR 1.4 [95% CI 1.3, 1.5]). Placental and cord determinants of high placental weight included chorioamnionitis, chorangioma/chorangiosis, circumvallate placenta, marginal cord insertion, and other cord abnormalities.ConclusionsThe broad range of risk factors for high placental weight suggests multiple aetiologic pathways. Future work should seek to understand the pathways by which the placenta adapts to unfavourable intrauterine conditions, which may provide insights into potential therapies.
Generalized Mann–Whitney Type Tests for Microarray Experiments
Authors: Fischer Daniel , Oja Hannu , Schleutker Johanna , Sen Pranab K. , Wahlfors Tiina 
Published: December 2013

AbstractNew statistical procedures are introduced to analyse typical microRNA expression data sets. For each separate microRNA expression, the null hypothesis to be tested is that there is no difference between the distributions of the expression in different groups. The test statistics are then constructed having certain type of alternatives in mind. To avoid strong (parametric) distributional assumptions, the alternatives are formulated using probabilities of different orders of pairs or triples of observations coming from different groups, and the test statistics are then constructed using corresponding several‐sample U‐statistics, natural estimates of these probabilities. Classical several‐sample rank test statistics, such as the Kruskal–Wallis and Jonckheere–Terpstra tests, are special cases in our approach. Also, as the number of variables (microRNAs) is huge, we confront a serious simultaneous testing problem. Different approaches to control the family‐wise error rate or the false discovery rate are shortly discussed, and it is shown how the Chen–Stein theorem can be used to show that family‐wise error rate can be controlled for cluster‐dependent microRNAs under weak assumptions. The theory is illustrated with an analysis of real data, a microRNA expression data set on Finnish (aggressive and non‐aggressive) prostate cancer patients and their controls.
Non-Dimensional Analysis for the Fluid Flow in the Flat Heat Pipes
Authors: Ababneh Mohammed T. , Gerner Frank M. 
Published: December 2013

Flat heat pipes (heat spreaders) are similar to cylindrical heat pipes. But they have received significant attention recently because of their advantages over conventional cylindrical heat pipes with regard to their large surface area, isothermal heat delivery, geometry fit. For example, Thermal Ground Planes (TGPs) are flat, thin (less than 3 mm thick) heat pipes which utilize phase change cooling. The goal is to use TGP’s as universal heat spreaders in microelectronic cooling applications. These TGPs will act as a new generation of high-performance, integrated systems to work at a high power density without difficulties from temperature gradients, increased weight, or extra complexity. In addition to being able to dissipate high thermal powers, they have very high effective thermal conductivities and can operate in high adverse gravitational fields due to nano-porous wicks.
This work shows the effect of vapor pressure, wall shear stress and the interfacial shear stress in the liquid pressure of the flat heat pipes and a comparison with CFD results. Also, this paper offers a design for flat heat pipe charts that avoids the effects of vapor pressure, wall shear stress and the wick-vapor interface to the liquid pressure for most well-known working fluids.
ASME Material Challenges for Advance Reactor Concepts
Authors: Siahpush Ali , Sabharwall Piyush 
Published: December 2013

This study presents the material challenges associated with Advanced Reactor Concepts (ARC) such as the Advanced High Temperature Reactor (AHTR). ARCs are the next generation concepts focusing on power production and providing thermal energy for industrial applications. The efficient transfer of energy for industrial applications depends on the ability to incorporate cost-effective heat exchangers between the nuclear heat transport system and industrial process heat transport system.
The heat exchanger required for AHTR is subjected to a unique set of conditions that introduce several design challenges not encountered in standard heat exchangers. The corrosive molten salts, especially at higher temperatures, require materials throughout the system to avoid corrosion, and adverse high-temperature effects, such as creep. Given the very high steam generator pressure of the supercritical steam cycle, it is anticipated that water tube and molten salt shell steam generators heat exchanger will be used.
In this paper, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Section III and Section VIII requirements (acceptance criteria) are discussed. Also, the ASME material acceptance criteria (ASME Section II, Part D) for high temperature environments are presented. Finally, lack of ASME acceptance criteria for thermal design and analysis are discussed with potential benefit.
Technologies for Upgrading Light Water Reactor Outlet Temperature
Authors: Wendt Daniel S. , Sabharwall Piyush , Utgikar Vivek 
Published: December 2013

Nuclear energy could potentially be utilized in hybrid energy systems to produce synthetic fuels and feedstocks from indigenous carbon sources such as coal and biomass. First generation nuclear hybrid energy system (NHES) technology will most likely be based on conventional light water reactors (LWRs). However, these LWRs provide thermal energy at temperatures of approximately 300°C, while the desired temperatures for many chemical processes are much higher. In order to realize the benefits of nuclear hybrid energy systems with the current LWR reactor fleets, selection and development of a complimentary temperature upgrading technology is necessary. This paper provides an initial assessment of technologies that may be well suited toward LWR outlet temperature upgrading for powering elevated temperature industrial and chemical processes during periods of off-peak power demand.
Chemical heat transformers (CHTs) are a technology with the potential to meet LWR temperature upgrading requirements for NHESs. CHTs utilize chemical heat of reaction to change the temperature at which selected heat sources supply or consume thermal energy. CHTs could directly utilize LWR heat output without intermediate mechanical or electrical power conversion operations and the associated thermodynamic losses. CHT thermal characteristics are determined by selection of the chemical working pair and operating conditions. This paper discusses the chemical working pairs applicable to LWR outlet temperature upgrading and the CHT operating conditions required for providing process heat in NHES applications.
Forced Convection in a Square Duct With a Wavy Wall
Authors: Shmueli H. , Ziskind G. , Letan R. 
Published: December 2013

In the present study, turbulent flow and heat transfer in a square duct with a heated wavy wall are investigated numerically using the Large Eddy Simulation (LES). A thorough validation of the numerical approach is done versus the existing results for both flat-wall square ducts and wavy-wall channels. It is demonstrated that a very good agreement is achieved with the literature in terms of global and local flow and heat transfer parameters.
Heated wavy surfaces of various amplitudes are explored. The results are compared with those for a completely flat duct in terms of the friction factor and Nusselt number. It is shown that the friction factor increases practically linearly with the wave amplitude. On the other hand, the Nusselt number, averaged over the entire duct length, increases more steeply for the relatively small wave amplitude, but almost reaches a plateau for a further increase in the amplitude.
A Novel Approach to Model Thermo-Fluids of Gearbox Systems
Authors: Yazdani Miad , Soteriou Marios , Botros Barbara , Wu Hailing , Liou Joe , Chaudhry Zaffir 
Published: December 2013

Gearboxes are integral machine components that determine the capability and reliability of many aerospace and automobile industry systems. Continuous demand for higher efficiency and reliability, increased load-carrying capacity and endurance life, smaller size, lower weight, lower noise and vibrations, prolonged service intervals and low costs are the main driving forces in the development of gear drives in the future. For many gearboxes, the thermo-fluids of the gas/oil/solid system determine the gearbox performance and its durability and life. However, there is a very limited predictive capability of the thermo-fluid characteristics of gearbox due, in large part, to its excessive complexity.
In this paper, we present a coupled thermo-fluid model for the simulation of the two-phase flow along with the heat transfer within gearbox systems in a conjugate fashion. The primary challenge is the enormous separation of fluid-mechanics and heat-transfer time-scales which makes the conventional way of solving the coupled thermo-fluid system of equations computationally prohibitive. In contrast, the approximate approach developed in this study exploits this separation of scales to provide an accurate representation of the long-term, time dependent thermo-fluid state of the gearbox at a modest computational cost. The commercial package ANSYS FLUENT is used to solve URANS equations for fluid mechanics and VOF for the two-phase interface capturing, while the energy equation is modified through user-defined functions to solve for the temperature field inside the fluid and solid components. In addition, the heat generation raised by the meshing of the gears is provided by a separate model based on gear geometry and operating conditions. The approach is verified against a full-fidelity simulation for a simplified and accelerated gear system and is validated against experiments.
Statistical Based Estimation of Biporous Evaporator Dryout
Authors: Reilly Sean , Catton Ivan 
Published: December 2013

Biporous wicks are an effective means for facilitating evaporation in heat pipes used for electronics cooling. They facilitate boiling within the wick by having two distinct size distributions of pores; the smaller pores provide high capillary pressure to pump liquid to the surface while the larger pores maintain high vapor permeability. The wicks investigated in this study were sintered copper biporous material. The authors previously presented a validated statistical model, based on work by Kovalev, which could predict the performance of biporous wicks tested at UCLA with reasonable accuracy [1]. Using this model, the author was able to gain new insight into the effect that the numerical estimate of liquid saturation of the wick has on dry out. The pore size distribution allows the determination of the capillary pressure available inside the wick and the Kovalev model provides the required pressure drop to supply liquid water to the heater surface. This led to a method of predicting dry out by comparing the capillary pressure in the wick to the required pressure drop from the model to estimate when the wick was dried out.
When the required pressure drop determined by code exceeds the peak effective capillary pressure provided by the wick, the large pores of the wick are considered to be dry. These values are correlated to the input heat flux to determine what at what input power the wick begins to dry out. While the wick will not fail in this mode, the overall heat transfer coefficient will have peaked. In this work, this method of determining dry out will be validated against wicks tested at UCLA by comparing the input powers at which this dry out phenomenon occurs. Accurate predictions of dry out and the role of the pore size distribution are critical in developing methods to delay dry out of biporous wicks. By comparing the relative dry out points of various wick geometries to each other, augmented wick geometries can be suggested for future work. This modeling tool can lay the foundation for future tailoring of biporous evaporator wicks to specific tasks.
Heat Transfer Through Small Moveable Gas Gaps in a Multi-Body System Using the ANSYS Finite Element Software
Authors: McDuffee Joel L. 
Published: December 2013

The Thermal Hydraulics and Irradiation Engineering (THIE) Group at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) designs and builds capsules in which to irradiate advanced fuels and materials that are typically inserted into ORNL’s High Flux Isotope Reactor. Experiments are designed to achieve a target temperature that ranges from 250°C to 1200°C. Most capsules do not have active temperature measurement or control, which puts an imperative on accurate temperature simulation. Temperature control in these capsules is accomplished by designing specific gaps between adjacent parts and filling the capsules with an inert gas: helium, neon, or argon.
Most any finite element solver will do an excellent job estimating temperatures within individual parts, but the simulation challenge for these complex, multi-body systems is to accurately predict the heat transfer through contact surfaces or interstitial gas gaps. The gas gaps are on the order of 150 μm, so accurate simulation must include thermal expansion of the adjacent parts, the thermal jump effect on the part surfaces, and the possibility the parts will touch or break contact during expansion. This paper will discuss the limitations in thermal contact modeling in finite element modelers and the algorithms the THIE Group uses to overcome these limitations.
Draft Genome Sequence of Ralstonia solanacearum Race 4 Biovar 4 Strain SD54
Authors: Shan Weiwei , Yang Xiaohui , Ma Weiqing , Yang Yu , Guo Xiao , Guo Jianhua , Zheng Huajun , Li Guangcun , Xie Bingyan 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACT

Ralstonia solanacearum
is an important etiological agent that can cause serious bacterial wilt in a very wide range of potential host plants, including ginger. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of
R. solanacearum
SD54, a race 4 biovar 4 (R4B4) strain from a diseased ginger plant in China.
Draft Genome Sequence of a Multidrug-Resistant New Delhi Metallo-β-Lactamase-1 (NDM-1)-Producing Escherichia coli Isolate Obtained in Singapore
Authors: Xia Eryu , Khong Wei Xin , Marimuthu Kalisvar , Xu Wenting , Ong Rick Twee-Hee , Tan Eng Lee , Krishnan Prabha Unny , Ang Brenda Sze Peng , Lye David Chien , Chow Angela Li Ping , Teo Yik-Ying , Ng Oon Tek 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACT

We report the draft genome sequence of a New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1)-positive
Escherichia coli
isolate obtained from a surgical patient. The assembled data indicate the presence of 3 multidrug resistance plasmids, 1 of which shares 100% identity with an NDM-1 plasmid isolated previously from a nearby hospital, suggesting possible local transmission.
Draft Genome Sequence of Lactobacillus crispatus EM-LC1, an Isolate with Antimicrobial Activity Cultured from an Elderly Subject
Authors: Power Susan E. , Harris Hugh M. B. , Bottacini Francesca , Ross R. Paul , O'Toole Paul W. , Fitzgerald Gerald F. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACT

Here we report the 1.86-Mb draft genome sequence of
Lactobacillus crispatus
EM-LC1, a fecal isolate with antimicrobial activity. This genome sequence is expected to provide insights into the antimicrobial activity of
L. crispatus
and improve our knowledge of its potential probiotic traits.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Arsenite-Oxidizing Strain
Aliihoeflea
sp. 2WW, Isolated from Arsenic-Contaminated Groundwater
Authors: Cavalca Lucia , Corsini Anna , Andreoni Vincenza , Muyzer Gerard 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of the arsenite-oxidizing bacterium
Aliihoeflea
sp. strain 2WW, which consists of a 4.15-Mb chromosome and contains different genes that are involved in arsenic transformations.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Methanotrophic Gammaproteobacterium Methyloglobulus morosus DSM 22980 Strain KoM1
Authors: Poehlein Anja , Deutzmann Jörg S. , Daniel Rolf , Simeonova Diliana D. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of the methanotrophic gammaproteobacterium
Methyloglobulus morosus
DSM 22980 strain KoM1, which is proposed to be the type species for the novel genus
Methyloglobulus
. The genome (4.143 Mb) consists of a single circular chromosome and harbors genes for 2-aminoethylphosphonate (ciliatine) biosynthesis.
Draft Genome Sequence of Klebsiella pneumoniae Strain KP-1
Authors: Lee Kai Wei Kelvin , Arumugam Krithika , Purbojati Rikky Wenang , Tay Qi Xiang Martin , Williams Rohan Benjamin Hugh , Kjelleberg Staffan , Rice Scott A. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACT

Klebsiella pneumoniae
is ubiquitous in the environment and is a member of a three-species biofilm model. We compared the genome sequence of an environmental isolate,
K. pneumoniae
strain KP-1, to those of two clinical strains (NTUH-K2044 and MGH 78578). KP-1 possesses strain-specific prophage sequences that distinguish it from the clinical strains.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Obligate Halophilic
Bacillus
sp. Strain NSP22.2, Isolated from a Seasonal Salt Marsh of the Great Rann of Kutch, India
Authors: Dey Rinku , Pal Kamal Krishna , Sherathia Dharmesh , Vanpariya Sejal , Patel Ilaxi , Dalsania Trupti , Savsani Kinjal , Sukhadiya Bhoomika , Mandaliya Mona , Thomas Manesh , Ghorai Sucheta , Rupapara Rupal , Rawal Priya 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the 4.0-Mbp draft genome of an obligate halophile,
Bacillus
sp. strain NSP22.2, isolated from a seasonal salt marsh of the Great Rann of Kutch, India. To understand the mechanism(s) of obligate halophilism and to isolate the relevant gene(s), the genome of
Bacillus
sp. NSP22.2 was sequenced.
QoS-Aware scheduling in heterogeneous datacenters with paragon
Authors: Delimitrou Christina , Kozyrakis Christos 
Published: December 2013

Large-scale datacenters (DCs) host tens of thousands of diverse applications each day. However, interference between colocated workloads and the difficulty of matching applications to one of the many hardware platforms available can degrade performance, violating the quality of service (QoS) guarantees that many cloud workloads require. While previous work has identified the impact of heterogeneity and interference, existing solutions are computationally intensive, cannot be applied online, and do not scale beyond a few applications.
We present Paragon, an online and scalable DC scheduler that is heterogeneity- and interference-aware. Paragon is derived from robust analytical methods, and instead of profiling each application in detail, it leverages information the system already has about applications it has previously seen. It uses collaborative filtering techniques to quickly and accurately classify an unknown incoming workload with respect to heterogeneity and interference in multiple shared resources. It does so by identifying similarities to previously scheduled applications. The classification allows Paragon to greedily schedule applications in a manner that minimizes interference and maximizes server utilization. After the initial application placement, Paragon monitors application behavior and adjusts the scheduling decisions at runtime to avoid performance degradations. Additionally, we design ARQ, a multiclass admission control protocol that constrains application waiting time. ARQ queues applications in separate classes based on the type of resources they need and avoids long queueing delays for easy-to-satisfy workloads in highly-loaded scenarios. Paragon scales to tens of thousands of servers and applications with marginal scheduling overheads in terms of time or state.
We evaluate Paragon with a wide range of workload scenarios, on both small and large-scale systems, including 1,000 servers on EC2. For a 2,500-workload scenario, Paragon enforces performance guarantees for 91% of applications, while significantly improving utilization. In comparison, heterogeneity-oblivious, interference-oblivious, and least-loaded schedulers only provide similar guarantees for 14%, 11%, and 3% of workloads. The differences are more striking in oversubscribed scenarios where resource efficiency is more critical.
Cytokine-Induced Killer Cells Eradicate Bone and Soft-Tissue Sarcomas
Authors: Sangiolo Dario , Mesiano Giulia , Gammaitoni Loretta , Leuci Valeria , Todorovic Maja , Giraudo Lidia , Cammarata Cristina , Dell'Aglio Carmine , D'Ambrosio Lorenzo , Pisacane Alberto , Sarotto Ivana , Miano Sara , Ferrero Ivana , Carnevale-Schianca Fabrizio , Pignochino Ymera , Sassi Francesco , Bertotti Andrea , Piacibello Wanda , Fagioli Franca , Aglietta Massimo , Grignani Giovanni 
Published: December 2013

AbstractUnresectable metastatic bone sarcoma and soft-tissue sarcomas (STS) are incurable due to the inability to eradicate chemoresistant cancer stem–like cells (sCSC) that are likely responsible for relapses and drug resistance. In this study, we investigated the preclinical activity of patient-derived cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells against autologous bone sarcoma and STS, including against putative sCSCs. Tumor killing was evaluated both in vitro and within an immunodeficient mouse model of autologous sarcoma. To identify putative sCSCs, autologous bone sarcoma and STS cells were engineered with a CSC detector vector encoding eGFP under the control of the human promoter for OCT4, a stem cell gene activated in putative sCSCs. Using CIK cells expanded from 21 patients, we found that CIK cells efficiently killed allogeneic and autologous sarcoma cells in vitro. Intravenous infusion of CIK cells delayed autologous tumor growth in immunodeficient mice. Further in vivo analyses established that CIK cells could infiltrate tumors and that tumor growth inhibition occurred without an enrichment of sCSCs relative to control-treated animals. These results provide preclinical proof-of-concept for an effective strategy to attack autologous sarcomas, including putative sCSCs, supporting the clinical development of CIK cells as a novel class of immunotherapy for use in settings of untreatable metastatic disease. Cancer Res; 74(1); 119–29. ©2013 AACR.