bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New approaches to control foot-and-mouth disease: antivirals and novel vaccines
Authors: Grubman Marvin J. 
Published: August 2024

Summary
Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral-induced disease of cloven-hoofed animals that results in serious economic consequences in affected countries that have a significant international livestock trade. Currently disease control measures include inhibition of susceptible animal movement, slaughter of infected and susceptible in-contact animals, disinfection, and possibly vaccination with an inactivated whole virus antigen. However, there are a number of problems with use of the current vaccine in outbreaks in countries which have been previously free of FMD. As a result countries which vaccinate face a longer delay in regaining FMD-free status than countries which do not vaccinate but rather slaughter all infected or susceptible in-contact animals. Researchers have been attempting to develop both new FMD vaccines to overcome the limitations of the current inactivated vaccine as well as methods to more rapidly induce a protective response. In this manuscript I discuss the most effective new FMD vaccines and novel antiviral strategies that are currently being examined.
Resumen
La fiebre aftosa es una enfermedad viral altamente contagiosa, que afecta a los animales de pezuña hendida y produce pérdidas económicas importantes, afectando el comercio internacional pecuario de los países que la padecen. En la actualidad las medidas de control para esta enfermedad incluyen la restricción del movimiento de animales susceptibles, el sacrificio de animales infectados y aquellos susceptibles que entran en contacto con los infectados, la desinfección y la posible vacunación con un antígeno viral completo inactivado. No obstante, existen varios problemas con el uso de las vacunas disponibles durante los brotes en países que habían sido considerados previamente libres de la enfermedad. Como resultado de lo anterior, los países que vacunan, enfrentan una demora significativa en obtener nuevamente el estado de "país libre" de fiebre aftosa, a diferencia de aquellos que no vacunan y deciden sacrificar todos sus animales infectados o los susceptibles que se exponen a la infección. Los científicos han estado tratando de desarrollar nuevas vacunas para superar las limitaciones de las actuales vacunas inactivadas, a la vez que se intentan desarrollar nuevos métodos para inducir una respuesta inmune protectora más rápida. En este documento se discuten, nuevas vacunas que son más efectivas para controlar la fiebre aftosa e igualmente, estrategias antivirales novedosas que están actualmente en investigación.
Torsión uterina causada por un hemangioma cavernoso en una hembra canina
Authors: Báez S. Paola , Ruiz S. Isabel 
Published: August 2024

Resumen
Una perra criolla de ocho años de edad, fue llevada a consulta externa del consultorio veterinario, presentando una marcada distensión abdominal, vómito e inapetencia. La paciente fue sometida a laparotomía exploratoria y se diagnosticó torsión uterina con presencia de una masa en el cuerno uterino izquierdo. El estudio histopatológico de la masa dió como resultado un hemangioma cavernoso.
Summary
We reported here a case of a female dog, eight years old, mixed breed. It was gone at University of Antioquia Hospital presenting vomiting, abdominal distension and lost of appetite. The patient was admitted to the surgery unit for abdominal exploratory surgery and it was found a mass in the left uterine horn. The histopatologic study was a cavernus hemangioma.
Factors Influencing Access to Sexual and Reproductive Health Information among Adolescents Aged 12-19 Years in Mukono Municipality Schools: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Namyalo Josephine , Sentumbwe Dissan , Patience Nakalega Annet , Kobusingye Jacqueline , Otieno Emmanuel 
Published: August 2024

Background: Adolescent sexual and reproductive health is one of the essential health care services that promote a adolescent’s health. Complications of unwanted pregnancies lead to school dropouts’, disability and mortality. However, many adolescents 12-19 years face barriers to reproductive health information about their health and rights. And are unable to access services needed to protect their health. This study aimed to assess factors influencing access to Sexual and Reproductive Health Information among adolescents aged 12-19 years in Mukono municipality schools, Uganda.
Methods: Analytical cross-sectional survey and simple random sampling were used to select 384 participants between July and December 2022 in Mukono municipality. A Self-administered structured was used to collect data. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and a modified Poisson regression model.
Results: Findings showed the mean age of participants was 16.1 (S.D + 2) years. The proportion of access to information was 80.27%. Significant factors strongly associated with access to sexual and reproductive health information were being Moslem (OR: 0.284 (0.089-0.912)], going to hospital [OR: 2.350 (1.143-4.828)], distance 3-5 Kms from home to nearest health facility [OR: 0.41 (0.176-0.912)].
Conclusion: Two of every ten participants had access to Sexual Reproductive Health and Rights information. Significant determinants were radio media and print newspapers. Stakeholders should advocate for adolescents’ increased access to healthcare information to avert the upsurge in related diseases. Policy makers should review and monitor new guidelines for Adolescent and School health inclusive of sexuality and reproductive health. Thus, improve health equity for all.
MET Exon 14 Skipping Mutations in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Testing Considerations and Clinical Outcomes a 3 years screening experience
Authors: Loyaux Romain , Dhiab Rym Ben , Garinet Simon , Bastide Mathilda , Léonard-Goyet Sophie , Fabre Elizabeth , Mansuet-Lupo Audrey , Gibault Laure , Jouveshomme Stéphane , Giroux-Leprieur Etienne , Leroy Karen , Wislez Marie , Blons Hélène 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
MET exon 14 skipping is an oncogenic driver observed in 1 to 4% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). MET exon 14 mutations affect splice sites and are highly heterogeneous which makes them difficult to detect. Because of the approval of capmatinib for patients with MET exon 14 mutated tumors and the related poor response to immunotherapy (ICI) for a subset of patients with MET mutated tumors, MET screening has become mandatory for first line treatment decision.
Methods
Here we report our testing experience based on 1143 consecutive NSCLC addressed for molecular diagnosis. Two strategies using either DNA sequencing (NGS) and fragment analysis or DNA-RNA sequencing (NGS) were developed and validated to accurately detect MET exon 14 alterations including large deletions. For patients with MET tumors (n = 46), demographic characteristics, treatments and outcomes were obtained from medical records and discussed.
Results
46 MET exon 14 alterations were identified, 4 were not called by DNA sequencing and rescued by fragment analysis or RNA sequencing. Sixty-seven percent tumors had a high PD-L1 expression > 50% and 42% of cases had co-occurring alterations, mainly TP53 mutations (24%) and PIK3CA mutations (9%). Response to MET inhibitors (Crizotinib and Capmatinib) was evaluated for 15 patients. The ORR (Objective Response Rate) and the median of PFS (Progression Free Survival) were 44% and 5.5 months [1.6–18.2 months] respectively. Thirteen patients were treated by immunotherapy, ORR and median PFS (Progression Free Survival) median were 30% and 4 months [0.7–55.5 months] respectively. The response to immunotherapy was not correlated with PD-L1 status but smokers seemed to better respond to ICIs.
Conclusions
This study highlights that a multimodal approach may be necessary to detect MET exon 14 mutations as large deletions may not be detected by DNA sequencing. Targeted DNA-ARN sequencing strategies broadly interrogate the diverse druggable genomic variations and permits direct detection of altered splicing or gene fusions. Because patients with MET exon 14 mutated tumors, demonstrate low response to immunotherapy despite high PDL1 and because MET exon 14 is druggable the detection of MET mutations is mandatory to optimize treatment.
Surface Elemental Characterization of Indian Punch-Marked Coins of 600 to 200 BCE Era
Authors: Upadhyay Amit Kumar , Giri Neeraj Kumar , Prakash Rajiv , Mishra Hirdyesh 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

In the present work, X-ray diffraction [XRD] and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopic [XPS] techniques are used for surface elemental analysis and chemical composition of nine series of imperial punch-marked coins [PMC] of 600 to 200 BCE stored in the Numismatic Society of India at BHU, Varanasi. These coins were selected based on the Gupta-Hardakar classification system of the Mahajanpada and Janpada periods. PMCs are considered the oldest coins in India. They are among the most common coinages globally and are frequently found in hoards. XRD results show four prominent diffraction peaks, whereas XPS spectral analysis of these nine series of imperial punch-marked coins at different surface positions shows a non-uniform distribution revealed by the elemental analysis, which shows different element percentages in each coin. In XPS, Silver is found in dominant, along with copper, lead and a few other elements in very low percentages and gold in Janpada PMC only. In XRD, silver is found in the crystal fcc phase at the surface of PMCs. XPS data shows that the percentage of silver found decreases with the increase of lead and copper in the varying series. The results show a high degree of metallurgical understanding and alloying techniques between the sixth and third centuries BCE. It also demonstrates that the coins were issued at different times when technology was advancing. Numerous issues were raised by the decreasing silver content, including the state of the economy, the growth in coin demand for exchange, and the preservation of weight standards.
Gender Distribution of Presbyopia and its Effect on Vision Related Quality of Life in a Nigerian Population
Authors: Eze Ugochukwu A , Babalola Olufemi E , Ndife Thelma I , Momoh-Jimoh Abdulrazak , Umar Murtala M , Bature Mustapha , Bello Shahir 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Aim –
To highlight the gender specific characteristics and impact of presbyopia on vision related quality of life among the participants
Methodology –
This was a cross sectional analytical survey in which 1047 persons ≥ 35 years were examined in a multistage random sampling with probability proportional to size. Near and distance visual acuity was assessed, anterior and posterior segment examinations and near refraction done. Participants who could not read N8 at 40cm with distance correction in place were adjudged presbyopic and offered near spectacles where applicable. Data was entered into a standard pre tested questionnaire which contained sections on demographic variables, distant and near vision examination, and visual function (VF 14)
Results –
One thousand and forty out of 1082 enumerated participants were examined (96.7% response rate which was considered high) with a mean age of participants of 48.2 years ± 8.194 SD (age range of 35–87 years). A significantly higher prevalence of presbyopia was noted in females relative to males (87.9% versus 82.9%) (P = 0.041) and a relatively higher diopteric power (p = 0.000), were obtained. Presbyopia had a significant negative impact on quality of life in the study population with 82.7%, 79.1% and 70.8 of participants reporting difficulty in reading prints, threading needles and operating mobile phones, respectively. Women were more likely to be unsatisfied with their vision related quality of life.
Conclusion –
Women had significantly higher prevalence of presbyopia, higher diopteric need per age group, and were more likely to be unsatisfied with their near vision. This should be borne in mind by stakeholders in planning for refraction and optical services within populations.
Plant derivative extracts' (Brahmastra) spectral characterization and their impact on Lipaphis erysimi and natural enemies in oilseed-mustard under organic farming conditions
Authors: Singh Subash , Sidhu Mehra S. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Rapeseed- mustard (gobhi sarson) crop is a vital source of edible oil and is vulnerable to more than three dozen insect pests in India. Among them, the mustard aphid Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.) is a major pest on rapeseed mustard. In the current investigations, the plant derivative extract (Brahmastra (BA)) was characterized, the composition of active ingredients from individual components was identified, and their role is correlated with field efficacy. The BA was employed at 7.5, 10.0 and 12.5 litres ha− 1 against L. erysimi on gobhi sarson under organic farming conditions. All treatments were applied two times. We found that active ingredients such as phytols act as antifeedants and metabolite inhibitors, while Nimbin, a triterpenoid, might provide fungicidal activity. Other components include ryenosin, copaene, caryophyllene, and naphthalene, which are attractive and antibacterial. BA employed at 12.5 litres ha− 1 was found to be most effective against mustard aphids, offering the highest per cent reduction over control (PROC), i.e., 38.1–67.2 and 38.4–58.9% during 2020-21 and 2021-22, respectively, with the non-significant coccinellid population in all treatments. BA employed at 12.5 litres ha− 1 registered the highest seed yield (20.5 and 17.3 q ha− 1) as against control (16.8 and 15.4 qha− 1) for two consecutive years. The economic returns were more elevated in Brahmastra at 12.5 litres (235 USD ha-1) over the other treatments in gobhi sarson. The possible active ingredients identified using GC-MS and FTIR studies are attributed to control the mustard aphids. The plant derivative extract brahmastra emerged as an innovative pest management system, and its effects on non-target organisms or natural enemies is minimal.
Diagnosis and Management of Cervical Pregnancy with Placental Implantation: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Lv Fengqing , Zhang Jingyi , Zou Xiaojie , Bai Yiyun , Liu Dan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Cervical pregnancy (CP) is a rare form of ectopic pregnancy (EP) that occurs in the cervical canal. Diagnosis and treatment are particularly challenging when the lesion is large and presents without typical symptoms. We report a case of a 16+-week CP patient with placenta accreta.
Case Presentation:
A 39-year-old woman presented with amenorrhea for four months but no associated symptoms. Doppler ultrasound revealed an enlarged uterus and a mixed echogenic mass in the lower uterine segment extending to the cervix, accompanied by rich blood flow signals. His serum β-HCG concentration was 576.68 mIU/ml. Following multidisciplinary evaluation, exploratory laparotomy under general anesthesia revealed a significantly enlarged cervix with prominent vascular networks. The patient underwent total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingectomy, with an intraoperative blood loss of 600 ml. Pathological examination confirmed the presence of placental villi in the cervix, consistent with CP. Postoperative recovery was uneventful, with serum β-HCG levels normalizing within a week, and no abnormalities were detected in follow-up assessments over six months.
Conclusion
This case underscores the diagnostic and therapeutic complexities associated with CP, especially when patients present with large lesions and atypical symptoms. Comprehensive clinical history, imaging findings, and serum HCG levels are crucial for accurate diagnosis and effective clinical decision-making. The successful management of this case highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in addressing such rare and challenging conditions.
Renal involvement in solid cancers: epidemiological, clinical and histological characteristics study of 154 onconephrology patients.
Authors: Gueutin Victor , Cardineau Aurore , Mathian Alexis , Lanot Antoine , Comoz Francois , Brocheriou Isabelle , Izzedine Hassan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Onconephrology is a growing discipline that aims to improve the management of patients with cancer and kidney disease. If renal histology is an essential key, the anatomopathological data remain weak although essential to this complex management.
Methods
Patients with active cancer who had a renal biopsy (RB) between 2015 and 2020 were included, and their clinicobiological and histological data were analyzed retrospectively.
Results
Our cohort consisted of 154 patients (83 women) with a mean age of 58 years. One hundred twelve patients presented with proteinuria, 95 with acute renal failure, and 59 with arterial hypertension. Histologically, interstitial fibrosis was found in 74% of RBs, tubular atrophy in 55.1%, arteriolar hyalinosis in 58.4%, and fibrous endarteritis in 54.4%. Regarding the main acute lesions, thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) was found in 29.9% of biopsies, acute tubular necrosis (ATN) in 51.3%, and acute interstitial nephritis in 24.8%. The etiological diagnosis most often made was the nephrotoxicity of anticancer drugs (87 patients), followed by a functional cause (15 patients) and renal disease unrelated to cancer (13 patients). Sixty-seven patients presented with at least 2 associated diagnoses reflecting the complexity of kidney damage in cancer. Different clusters were found, highlighting that immunotherapy and anti-VEGF were the most commonly involved drugs.
Conclusions
During onconephrology practice, renal toxicity of treatments is the most common etiology. Several mechanisms can be involved, underscoring the importance of renal biopsy and the complexity of its management. Chronic histological lesions were very common.
Assessment of High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP) Changes Following One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass (OAGB) in Patients with Obesity: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Mehrnia Nriman , Jaliliyan Ali , Mosavari Hesam , Khalili Pantea , Heidari Fatemeh , Mohammadi Manizhe Amir , Teimoury Taher , Fakhri Elham , Moradi Mohammad , Hosseininasab Ali , Kermansaravi Mohammad , Eghbali Foolad 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Obesity, characterized by excessive adipose tissue, is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation and elevated inflammatory markers such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). This inflammation is linked to obesity-associated medical problems, including cardiovascular diseases. One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass (OAGB) has emerged as an effective metabolic and bariatric surgical procedure to address severe obesity and its associated inflammatory state. This study aims to evaluate the changes in hs-CRP levels following OAGB in patients with obesity.
Methods
In this prospective cohort study, 71 participants with BMI > 35 kg/m², with or without obesity-associated medical problems, underwent OAGB. The hs-CRP levels were measured at baseline, one day, five days, thirty days, and six months post-surgery.
Results
The median baseline hs-CRP level was 8.5 mg/L, initially increasing post-surgery to 19 mg/L, but significantly decreased to 3.5 mg/L at six months (p < 0.001). Significant reductions in weight and BMI were also observed, with median total weight loss (%TWL) of 29% and excess weight loss (%EWL) of 68.2% over six months. Pre-operative hs-CRP levels were the only significant predictor of CRP reduction post-surgery.
Conclusion
OAGB significantly reduces systemic inflammation by decreasing hs-CRP levels, alongside substantial weight loss. These findings support OAGB as a beneficial intervention for mitigating inflammation and improving metabolic conditions in patients with obesity. Further long-term studies are warranted to evaluate the sustained impact of OAGB on inflammatory markers and obesity-associated medical problems.
Identification of Essential Topics and Procedural Skills for Inclusion in a Contextualised Undergraduate Anaesthesia and Critical Care Clerkship in Rwanda: Results of a Modified Delphi Process
Authors: Forbes Callum , Nzobele Bruce Mutembe , Alayande Barnabas Tobi , Nizeyimana Françoise , Mvukiyehe Jean Paul , Booth Jocelyn M. , Woldegiorgis Selam Degu , Pierre Benoucheca , Littlejohn James , Tabaie Sheida , Bekele Abebe , McClain Craig David , Nyirigira Gaston , Group n/a The African Anaesthesia Education Delphi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Low anaesthesia workforce numbers contribute to shortfalls in access to surgical care globally. Investment in contextualised education and training can help address this issue. We undertook a modified Delphi study to identify physician anaesthesiologist consensus on themes, topics, and skills for inclusion in undergraduate anaesthesia and critical care (ACC) medical school curricula in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and Rwanda.
Methods: A list of ACC topics/skills was compiled through grey literature review, guiding survey development for a 3-round Delphi process. The first two rounds solicited responses from physician anaesthesiologists across SSA. The final round included only Rwandan physician anaesthesiologists. Respondents rated topics/skills on a 4-point Likert scale from 1 (“exclude from the curriculum”) through 4 (“essential for inclusion”). Item-level Content Validity Index (I-CVI, the proportion of respondents rating a topic/skill as 3 or 4) was used for stratification. A first-round I-CVI threshold of 80% and 70% for subsequent rounds was used to define consensus for inclusion. Excluded topics/skills were considered for re-inclusion in subsequent rounds; 50% agreement was set as threshold for re-inclusion. The first round also sought consensus regarding aims, objectives, and delivery methodology.
Results: A total of 147 topics/skills across 12 domains were identified for initial survey inclusion.
Fifty-one respondents from 12 countries completed round one. Ninety-six (65.3%) topics/skills met consensus threshold. One additional skill (“pain assessment”) was incorporated into round two following suggestions from respondents. The clerkship outcome ranked as most important and achievable was to ‘inspire students to undertake anaesthesia specialty training’ (n=25, 49.0% and n=26, 51.0% respectively). Thirty-six respondents from 12 countries completed round two. Eighty (82.5%) topics/skills met consensus threshold. Seventeen Rwandan specialists completed round three. Seventy-eight (97.5%) topics/skills met consensus threshold. From 67 previously excluded topics/skills, 14 (20.9%) met re-inclusion threshold.
Discussion and conclusion: A modified Delphi process identified 92 essential topics/skills for inclusion in a Rwandan undergraduate ACC clerkship. Experts prioritised ‘inspiring students’ over ‘achieving clinical competence’ for undergraduates. A similar Delphi approach may be useful for educational content development in other settings across the African continent and for other specialties.