bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Classical Trajectory Study of the HFCO → HF + CO Reaction. II. Mode Specificity, DFCO Dissociation Dynamics, Effects of Rotational Energy
Authors: Budenholzer Frank , Lin Po‐Shen 
Published: May 2015

AbstractClassical trajectories have been calculated for the unimolecular dissociation reaction H(D)FCO → H(D)F + CO over a modified form of the electronic ground state potential surface of Wei and Wyatt [J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 13580]. The modifications of the potential energy surface and the method of calculating the trajectories are de scribed in an earlier publication from our laboratory [J. Phys. Chem. A. 1998, 102, 947]. Trajectories were initiated with the classical zero point energy distributed randomly in the six normal modes of the molecule and an additional approximately 60 kcal/mol distributed in one of the six normal modes. Clear evidence of mode specificity was found in that the excitation of the six different modes leads to significantly different rates of reaction: CH stretch > CH bend ≅ CF stretch ≥ CO stretch ≅ FCO bend > out of plane bend. For DFCO, mode specificity is considerably less apparent in that the range of life times for the six normal modes is less than half that for HFCO. Average product CO and HF distributions were also determined for both HFCO and DFCO dissociation. To investigate the degree of IVR between various modes, trajectories were calculated with the same initial energy approximately equally divided between two different initial modes. Finally, trajectories were calculated to study the effect of increasing rotational energy on the rate of HFCO dissociation. These results are discussed in terms of general theories of reaction rates, recent theoretical treatments of HFCO dissociation and experimental results.
High‐Pressure and Concentration‐Dependent Studies on C‐H—O Interactions of Binary Aqueous Mixtures: Formic Acid/D2O and Acetone/D2O
Authors: Chao Ming‐Chi , Weng Nai‐Hsin , Chang Hai‐Chou , Jiang Jyh‐Chiang , Lin Sheng Hsien 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe C‐H—O interactions of formic acid and acetone aqueous solutions were studied under various concentrations. The infrared spectra of acetone/D2O were also measured as a function of pressure. The C‐H stretching frequency of formic acid reveals a red‐shift with dilution. On the other hand, upon diluting acetone with D2O, the blue‐shift with dilution in C‐H stretching frequency was observed. Further high‐pressure study provides the experimental evidence for the enhancement of hydrophobic hydration as the sample was compressed to high‐pressure ices, while C‐H vibration of acetone, being trans formed from liquid to high‐pressure ice VII, are altered into a band located at ∼2950 cm−1. The C‐H—O inter action may be a distinct possibility to understand the band‐shape and frequency‐shift of the C‐H stretching modes of formic acid/D2O and acetone/D2O.
Laser‐Induced Alignments of Symmetric and Asymmetric Top Molecules
Authors: Chen Kuo‐Mei 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAnalytic expressions of the distribution function of figure axes of symmetric and asymmetric top molecules under a polarized one‐photon excitation are de rived by the density matrix theory. To prepare maximally aligned reactants, those formulas are useful in stereodynamic experiments when the optical alignment techniques are utilized.
Transient Frequency Modulation Spectroscopy and 266 nm Photodissociation of Bromoform
Authors: Liu Wen‐Ling , Chang Bor‐Chen 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA high‐resolution absorption spectrometer, based on the combination of frequency‐modulation (FM) and diode laser techniques, has been constructed to investigate the reaction intermediates in the 266 nm laser photolysis of bromoform (CHBr3). The absorption spectrum of HCBr corresponding to the electronic transition was successfully obtained. We also found that the nascent HCBr is electronically excited. These data indicate that in the reaction path way we observed, the first step of the 266 nm photolysis is a two‐photon process and HCBr is one of the primary intermediates. The electronically excited HCBr absorbs one or two more photons to produce the electronically excited CH radical.
Theory of Medium‐Induced Optical Activities
Authors: Hsu F. C. , Kuo Y.‐T. , Shiu Y.‐J. , Liang K. K. , Hayashi M. , Chang T.‐C. , Lin S. H. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn this paper, using the dipole‐dipole interactions to de scribe the interaction between the system molecule and medium molecules, a theory of medium‐induced optical activity has been developed. We have shown that the symmetry technique can be used to determine the types of electronic states that can be involved in the medium‐induced optical activity and that the octant rule can be deduced by using our theory.
Investigations of Ultrafast Dynamics in Light‐emitting Polymers
Authors: Chang R. , Hayashi M. , Liang K. K. , Lin S. H. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA microscopic model is constructed to describe the excited states of MEH‐PPV in thin film. It is suggested that in the high energy region, the nature of excited states in the film is very similar to the species observed in solution phase. Moreover the processes of energy transfer, vibrational relaxation and dissipation are considered to occur simultanesously, in contrast to the usual argument that assumes exciton migration occurs after vibrational motion reaches thermal equilibrium. In the low energy region, corresponding to the red‐edge of absorption, the excited state behaves differently. We assume that there exists a low energy species due to the enhancement of coplanarity of polymers in thin film and the absorption spectrum can be fitted.
Characteristics of Lariat Crown Ether‐Copper (II) Ion‐Selective Electrodes
Authors: Su Chia‐Ching , Ueng Chuen‐Her , Liu Lilian Kao 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAn ion‐selective electrode using ionophore 2′‐picolyl sym‐dibenzo‐16‐crown‐5 ether as membrane carrier, sodium tetraphenylborate (NaTPB) as an anion excluder, and 2‐nitrophenyl‐octyl ether (NOPE) as the plasticing solvent mediator has been successfully developed. This electrode exhibits al in ear response with a slope of 42 mV/decade in concentration ranging from 10−5 molL−1 to 10−1 molL−1, slightly larger than the 30 mV expected from the one‐to‐one complex. The reason for the super‐Nernstain slope is the partial dimmer formation in side the membrane of the electrode, because this dimmer [Cu(C25H27NO6)2(H2O)2] 2ClO4, has been isolated and confirmed by single crystal X‐ray crystallography. The detection limit for the cop per (II) ion was estimated to be 1 × 10−6 molL−1. Electrades composed of other plasticing solvent mediators such as tris(2‐ethylhexyl) phosphate (TOP), bis (2‐ethylhexyl) sebacate (DOS) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) were also investigated. Stability constants (logKs) of the two to one and the one to one 2‐picolylsym‐dibenzo‐16‐crown‐5 ether‐Cu (II) complexes have been determined by potentiometric titration in methanol.
Application of Wavelet Neural Network to the Prediction of Gas Chromatographic Retention Indices of Alkanes
Authors: Yin Chunsheng , Guo Weimin , Lin Teng , Liu Shushen , Fu Rongqiang , Pan Zhongxiao , Wang Liansheng 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA wavelet neural network (WNN) is employed to create a quantitative structure‐retention index relationship, which correlates the novel molecular distance edge vector (MDEV)‐consisting of ten elements to Gas Chromatographic retention indexes (RIGC) of Alkanes. The RIGC has been calculated by the WNN from the molecular topological descriptors of examined alkanes. In this work, the RIGC estimated and predicted by conventional neural networks (say back propagation neural networks, BP) has also been provided. The excellent predicted results with a correlation of 0.9996 and standard deviation of 5.0598 suggest that the WNN technique is a powerful tool in QSAR/QSPR modeling and superior to the BP neural networks.
The HPLC Analysis of the Concentration and Enantiomeric Purity of Selected Amino Acids in Two Highly Fermented Foods
Authors: Chen Shushi , Chen Nan‐Hurng 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA HPLC system linked to a variable wavelengths UV detector was used to sequentially determine the total concentration and enantiomeric composition of two selected free amino acids (leucine, phenylalanine) in two highly fermented foods, bean curd and paste soy bean (i.e., miso), after their derivatization with N‐benzoyl chloride. As was expected, fermented bean curds tended to have a higher percentage of D‐enantiomers and greater total amount of amino acids than paste soy beans or fermented soy beans as reported previously. In one case, the relative amounts of D‐phenylalanine and D‐leucine exceeded 40% of the individual amino acids. Interestingly, paste soy bean made in Japan is found to be better than that made in Taiwan in terms of a higher total level of amino acids and a lower percentage of D‐enantiomers. In most samples, leucine was found to have a lower average percentage of D‐enantiomer but higher total concentration than phenylalanine. This finding is consistent with what was observed for fermented soy beans. Only a trace of amino acids (leucine, phenylalanine) was found in raw soybeans and bean curd, which was thought to be a result of a lack of microbial activities (e.g., fermentation, aging, etc.).
Synthesis of Arylnaphthoquinones and Their Reactions with o‐Substituted Primary Aromatic Amines
Authors: Fandy Ragab F. , Abbas Hessan H. , Al‐Hussaini Ayman S. , Hammam Ahmed S. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractCycloaddition reaction of 2‐aryl‐1,4‐benzoquinones 1a‐d with a number of different dienes, namely 2,3‐dimethylbutadiene; 1,4‐diphenylbutadiene and anthracene yield 2‐aryl‐6,7‐dimethyl‐1,4‐ naphthoquinones 3a,b; 2,5,8‐triphenyl‐1,4‐naphthoquinone 4 and 2‐aryl‐1,4,9,10‐tetrahydro‐9,10‐o‐benzoanthracene‐1,4‐dione 5, respectively were investigated. In addition, the cycloaddition reaction of 2‐aryl‐1,4‐benzoquinones 1d,e with 2,3‐dimethylbutadiene was also investigated to yield 2‐aryl‐5,8‐dihydro‐6,7‐dimethyl‐1,4‐naphthohydroquinones 2a,b. Cyclocondensation reactions of Diels‐Alder adducts 2b, 3b, 5a with ethylenediamine, o‐substituted primary aromatic amines gave quinoxaline, phenazine, phenoxazine and phenothiazine ocyclic derivatives 6–14.
An Acid‐Catalyzed Fragmentation Reaction of a Triamine‐Linked Acridine Dimer
Authors: Chou Shan‐Yen , Yin Wei‐Kung 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAn acid‐catalyzed cleavage of the C‐Nϵ bond from Nϵ‐(2,3,4,5‐tetrahydroxyvaleryl) substituted side chain and/or its acetonide form of a triamine‐linked acridine dimer is de scribed. An envisaged multi‐neighboring group‐assisted solvolysis reaction mechanism is proposed.
Thermodynamic Studies of Myelin Basic Protein upon Interaction with Zinc
Authors: Saboury Ali Akbar , Saeidian Shahriar , Sanati Mohammad Hosain , Moosavi‐Movahedi Ali Akbar , Alasti Fatameh 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe interaction of myelin basic protein (MBP) from bovine central nervous system with divalent zinc ion was studied by UV‐Vis titration spectrophotometry and isothermal titration calorimetry techniques at 27°C in Tris buffer solution at pH = 7.2. MBP has one binding site for a zinc ion. The binding of a zinc ion is endothermic (ΔH = + 159 kJ mol−1) with a dissociation binding constant of 0.445 μM. The results obtained by two previous methods of isothermal titration spectrophotometry and calorimetry are similar and consistent with the result obtained from a new calculation method of calorimetric data analysis according to the Scatchard plot.
Triphenylphosphine‐Mediated Reduction of Electron‐Deficient Propargyl Ethers to the Allylic Ethers
Authors: Tsai Ming‐Shan , Rao U. Narasimha , Wang Jeng‐Rong , Liang Chung‐Hao , Yeh Ming‐Chang P. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractSemihydrogenation of α,β‐unsaturated ynoates and ‐ynones bearing a γ‐alkoxy group can be performed using triphenylphosphine and water. α,β‐Unsaturated ynoates were reduced to a mixture of cis and trans α,β‐unsaturated enoates, whereas, ynones were reduced to trans α,β‐unsaturated enones as the only products.
Spin Trapping Studies on Radical Cations of Styrene
Authors: Ho Tong‐Ing , Lin Chiou‐Rong , Pan Kai , Hsu Chi‐Wei 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe radical cat ions of styrene (π‐type), generated by photosensitized electron‐transfer of 1,4‐dicyanobenzene (DCB), using 2‐methyl‐2‐nitrosopropane (MNP) as spin trap ping agents and nucleophiles as the co‐reactant were investigated. The spin‐trapped nitroxide radicals were subjected to HPLC‐ESR and mass spectroscopic studies. Long‐range hfsc were obtained by resolution enhancement. Mass spectral fragmentation pat terns sup port the regioselective formation of the trapped nitroxides, which is derived from the anti‐Markovnikov addition of the methanol to the β‐position of the styrene cationradicals.
Cationic Phosphine‐imine ρodium(I) Complexes and Their Activity on Catalysis of Phenylacetylene Polymerization
Authors: Reddy K. Rajender , Lin Chi‐Feng , Lee Gene‐Hsiang , Peng Shie‐Ming , Chen Jwu‐Ting , Liu Shiuh‐Tzung 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA series of phosphine‐imine rhodium(I) complexes have been prepared and characterized by both spectroscopic and X‐ray single crystal analyses. Their activity on catalytic polymerization of phenylacetylene is investigated. The study of the solvent effect on polymerization shows that aqueous medium can in crease the productivity of polymer.
Ole Fin Complexes of Silver(I) and Copper(I)β‐Diketonates
Authors: Chow Tahsin J. , Lm Shou‐Shun , Chi Kai‐Mmg , Lin Kuan‐Jiuh 
Published: May 2015

AbstractReactions of silver(I) and copper(I) 1,1,1,5,5,5‐hexafluoroacetylacetonate (hfacac) with dienes 1, 2 and 3 resulted in some stable complexes. All of them showed an equal molar ratio of hfacac to diene per coordinated metal ion. The structure of Ag(hfacac)(1)(THF) 6 was solved by X‐ray diffraction analysis. The complex crystallized in the monoclinic space group P21/n with a = 6.342(3), b = 32.891(7), c = 11.680(2) Å, and z = 4. It was mononuclear with inclusion of a solvent molecule. Since the C2v symmetry of 3 retained upon forming both silver(I) and Cu(I) complexes, a fast equilibrium of dissociation/recombination must have happened in the solutions. The changes of 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts caused by coordination were measured.
The Chemical Constituents from the Aril of Cassia Fistula L.
Authors: Lee Ching‐Kuo , Lee Ping‐Hung , Kuo Yueh‐Hsmng 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTwenty‐seven compounds including eight long‐chain hydrocarbons, 1‐hexacosanol (1), 1‐octacosanol (2), palmitic acid (3), stearic acid (4), oleic acid (5), linoleic acid (6), heptacosyl eicosanate (7), glyceryl‐1‐tetraeicosanoate (8); three sterols, β‐sitosterol (24), stigmasterol (25), β‐sitosteryl‐3‐O‐D‐glucopyranoside (26); one triterpene, lupeol (27); eight anthraquinones, chrysophanol (9), emodin (10), physcion (11), citreorosein (12), rhein (13), rhein methyl ester (14), ziganein (15), 1,4,5‐trihydroxyanthraquinone (16); two coumarins, isoscopoletin (17), scopoletin (18); two chromones, 2,5‐dimethyl‐7‐hydroxychromone (19), 2,5‐dimethyl‐7‐methoxychromone (20); three aromatic compounds, isovanillic acid (21), vanillic acid (22), and 2,4‐dihydroxybenzaldehyde (23), were isolated and identified from the bark of Cassiafistula. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectral data.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Palladium(II) with New Re Agent N‐octyl‐N′‐(Sodium P‐Amminobenzenesulfonate)Thiourea (OPT)
Authors: Ma Dong‐Lan , Li Ying , Ltf Quan‐Jian , Wang Yu‐Lu 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe color reaction of palladium(II) with the new reagent OPT was studied. In the presence of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTMAB), in pH 5.0–5.6 HAc‐NaAc buffer solution, a yellow‐brown soluble complex with the ratio of 1:4 was formed. The maximum absorption was at 299.0 nm, the apparent molar absorptivity ϵ299.0 nm = 1.38×105l mol−1 cm−1. Beer's law was obeyed in the range of 2–12 μg Pd(II)/25 mL. The method's sensitivity and selectivity were very good. It could be used to determine palladium(II) in a catalyst with satisfactory results.
The Competitive Reactions between Electron Transfer and Radical Addition in Free Radical Reactions
Authors: Wu Yuh‐Wern , Lu Cheng‐Yi 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe photolytic reactions of 2‐substituted αlyl chloride with t‐BuHgCl In different solvents were Investigated. The reactions proceed the SH2′ reaction mechanism except the substituent is a strong electron‐releasing group. The electron transfer process becomes more competitive with the radical addition process when the substituent is a strong electron‐releasing group. When the substituent is a strong electron‐releasing group such as ‐CH2SiMe3, there action in CH2CN shows pronounced electron transfer process while the reaction in DMSO or THF involves both of the SH2′ and the electron transfer processes. The reaction is sol vent dependent. An electron transfer mechanism is discussed.
Studies on the 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of 3‐Arylsydnone Nitrile Oxides to Cyclic Alkene Compounds
Authors: Smh Mei‐Hsiu , Her Kuei‐Hua , Yeh Mou‐Yung 
Published: May 2015

AbstractCycloadditions of 3‐arylsydnone nitrile oxides (1) with various cyclic alkenes led to 4‐isoxazolyl or 4‐isoxazolinyl sydnones. The reactions were controlled either by the HOMO (dipole)‐LUMO (dipolarophile) interaction or by the LUMO (di pole)‐HOMO (dipolarophile) interaction. The former were accelerated by electron withdrawing substituted dipolarophiles, such as 2‐cycloalken‐1‐ones (3a∼3c), etc., while the latter were improved by the dipolarophiles with electron‐donating substituents, such as 1‐morpholino‐1‐cyclohexene (3d), 1,3‐cyclohexadiene (3e). Be sides that, methylenecycloalkanes 3f∼3g are more active than cyclohexene to ward cycloaddition with nitrile ox ides 1. The cycloaddition ad ducts may serve as useful building blocks in synthesis through chemical modification and ring cleavage, and also be employed in the syntheses of many natural products with significant and special activities.
Facile Synthesis of N‐Substituted Isothiazol‐3(2H)‐Ones Using a Hypervalent Iodine(III) Re Agent
Authors: Kang Iou‐Jiun , Wang Huey‐Min , Huang Hsin‐Yu , Chen Ling‐Ching 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTreatment of N‐substituted (Z)‐3‐(benzylsulfanyl)propenamides (4) with phenyliodine(III) bis(trifluoroacetate) containing trifluoroacetic acid resulted in an interrupted Pummerer‐type reaction to give N‐substituted isothiazol‐3(2H)‐ones (5) rather than the normal Pummerer‐type products.
The Synthesis of Symmetrically Octa‐Substituted Phthalocyanines and Their Physical and Photo‐Physical Properties
Authors: Gao Detao , Xu Haitao , Yan Tiantang , Peng Bixian 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA series of symmetrically substituted phthalocyanines have been synthesized from 3,6‐dialkoxyphthalonitrile and the corresponding metal salts. All of these complexes are extremely soluble in chloroform. Their melting points vary greatly with their different substituents. Their structures are confirmed by elemental analysis,1H NMR, UV‐VIS.
The Ionic Conductivity of Solid Electrolytes for Li4+xMxSi1–xO4‐yLi2O (M=Al, B) Systems
Authors: Chen Ru‐Fen , Song Xiu‐Qin 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe Li4+xMxSi4+xO4‐yLi2O (M=Al, B; x = 0 to 0.6, y = 0 to 0.5) ion conductors were prepared by the Sol‐Gel method and examined in detail. The powder and sintered samples were characterized by DTA‐TG, XRD, SEM, and AC impedance techniques. The experimental results show that the conductivity and sinterability in creased with the amount of excess lithium oxide in the silicate. The Li2O phase acts as a flux to accelerate the sintering process and to obtain high conductivity of grain boundaries. The particle size of the sintered pellets is about 0.25 μm. The maximum conductivity at 200 °C is 5.40 × 10−3s cm−1 for Li4.4Al0.4 Si0.6O4‐0.3Li2O.
An Improved Oxidative Cleavage Method for Large Scale Preparation of Some Acid‐Labile Aglycones from Glycosides
Authors: Wang Perng‐Haur , Jou Sheng‐Jye , Chen Wen‐Chuan , Lee Shoei‐Sheng 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA practical method for large‐scale preparation of acid‐labile aglycones including protopanaxadiol, protopanaxatriol, cycloastragenol, and jujubogenin from the corresponding glycoside containing fraction was developed. The key point of this improved method is to generate and maintain the critical reaction conditions, anhydrous and strongly basic, in situ. This effort over comes the weakness of the reported method for oxidative cleavage of glycones and scales up the preparation of these acid‐labile aglycones for further studies.
Three New Phenolic Compounds from Nepeta Prattii
Authors: Hou Zhen‐Fu , Tu Yong‐Qiang , Li Yu 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThree new phenolic compounds, 2‐(glycer‐2‐yl)‐5‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)phenyl‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside, 2‐(glycer‐2‐yl)‐5‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)phenyl‐O‐β‐D‐galactopyranoside and ethyl 3‐(3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)lactate were isolated from Nepeta prattii. Their structures were elucidated by spectral methods.
The Constituents of Euchresta Formosana
Authors: Lo Wen‐Li , Chang Fang‐Rong , Hsieh Tian‐Jye , Wu Yang‐Chang 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA new flavanone, euchrenone a17 (1), along with eighteen known compounds, glabrol (2), euchrenone a2 (3), formononetin (4), 7‐methoxy‐2′,4′‐dihydroxyisoflavone (5), 3‐(3,4‐dimethoxy‐phenyl)‐7,8‐dihydroxy‐chromon‐4‐one (6), 5,7,2′‐trihydroxy‐4′‐methoxyisoflavone (7), 2′‐hydroxygenistein (8), euchrenone b1 (9), euchrenone b2 (10), euchrenone b16 (11), vanillin (12), p‐hydroxybenzoic acid (13), medicagol (14), octadecyl ferulate (15), (+)‐syringaresinol (16), β‐sitosteryl‐D‐glucoside (17), and a mixture of β‐sitosterol (18) and stigmasterol (19), were isolated from the methanolic extracts of the roots of Euchresta formosana. The structures of these compounds were established by means of spectral analysis.
Intermolecular Interactions in Aqueous Dimethyl Sulphoxide and Acetic Acid Probed by High‐Pressure FTIR
Authors: Feng Chun‐Min , Kao Hsiang‐En , Su Chih‐Chia , Jiang Jyh‐Chiang , Lin Sheng Hsien , Chang Hai‐Chou 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe infrared spectra of DMSO/D2O and CH3COOD/D2O were measured under various concentrations and pressure. The frequencies of the C‐H stretching vibration bands for DMSO/D2O mixtures increase with increasing the mole fraction of D2O, implying the contraction of the C‐H bonds. As the pressure was elevated to 1.5 GPa, the C‐H vibrations of DMSO/D2O were altered into four bands at ∼2927 cm−1, ∼2941 cm−1, ∼3007 cm−1, and ∼3025 cm−1. Further concentration‐dependent studies indicated that the spectral features at ∼2941 cm−1 and ∼3036 cm−1 arise from pressure‐induced C‐H—O hydrogen bonding between C‐H in DMSO and oxygen atom in D2O. Ab initio calculations were performed, while the calculated results are consistent with the interpretations based on the high‐pressure infrared experiments. Analogous to DMSO/D2O, the pressure‐dependent studies on CH3COOD/D2O mixtures provide the evidence of the C‐H—O hydrogen bonding as the pressure was elevated.
Fiber‐Optic Chemical Sensors: A General Review
Authors: Yang Jyisy , Lee Chung‐Jay , Wei Cheng‐Huang 
Published: May 2015

AbstractFiber‐optic sensors provide a simple and fast way in detection of interested molecules in variety of sample matrices. To accelerate the progress in this field, the basic sensing principles and current technologies of both extrinsic and intrinsic types of fiber‐optic sensors were described in this article. In the intrinsic fiber‐optic sensors, evanescent wave absorption spectroscopic method and fluorescence spectroscopic method based on evanescent wave excitation were introduced. In the extrinsic fiber‐optic sensors, two major types of sensors including fluorescence spectroscopic method and Raman spectroscopic method were described. The complementary chemical information and unique advantages of different sensors were described.