bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term adaptive response to high‐frequency light signals in the unicellular photosynthetic eukaryote Dunaliella salina
Authors: Combe Charlotte , Hartmann Philipp , Rabouille Sophie , Talec Amelie , Bernard Olivier , Sciandra Antoine 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTProductivity of microalgal cultivation processes is tightly related to photosynthetic efficiency, and therefore to light availability at the cell scale. In an agitated, highly turbid suspension,the light signal received by a single phytoplankton cell moving in a dense culture is a succession of flashes. The growth characteristics of microalgae under such dynamic light conditions are thus fundamental information to understand nonlinear properties of the photosynthetic process and to improve cultivation process design and operation. Studies of the long term consequences of dynamic illumination regime on photosynthesis require a very specific experimental set‐up where fast varying signals are applied on the long term. In order to investigate the growth response of the unicellular photosynthetic eukaryote Dunaliella salina (Chlorophyceae) to intermittent light exposure, different light regimes using LEDs with the same average total light dose were applied in continuous cultures. Flashing light with different durations of light flashes (△t of 30 s, 15 s, 2 s and 0.1 s) followed by dark periods of variable length (0.67 ≤ L:D ≤ 2) yielding flash frequencies in the range 0.017–5 Hz, were compared to continuous illumination. Specific growth rate, photosynthetic pigments, lipid productivity and elemental composition were measured on two duplicates for each irradiance condition. The different treatments of intermittent light led to specific growth rates ranging from 0.25 to 0.93 day−1. While photosynthetic efficiency was enhanced with increased flash frequency, no significant differences were observed in the particular carbon and chlorophyll content. Pigment analysis showed that within this range of flash frequency, cells progressively photoacclimated to the average light intensity. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 1111–1121. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Direct measurement of local dissolved oxygen concentration spatial profiles in a cell culture environment
Authors: Kagawa Yuki , Matsuura Katsuhisa , Shimizu Tatsuya , Tsuneda Satoshi 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTControlling local dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) in media is critical for cell or tissue cultures. Various biomaterials and culture methods have been developed to modulate DO. Direct measurement of local DO in cultures has not been validated as a method to test DO modulation. In the present study we developed a DO measurement system equipped with a Clark‐type oxygen microelectrode manipulated with 1 μm precision in three‐dimensional space to explore potential applications for tissue engineering. By determining the microelectrode tip position precisely against the bottom plane of culture dishes with rat or human cardiac cells in static monolayer culture, we successfully obtained spatial distributions of DO in the medium. Theoretical quantitative predictions fit the obtained data well. Based on analyses of the variance between samples, we found the data reflected “local” oxygen consumption in the vicinity of the microelectrode and the detection of temporal changes in oxygen consumption rates of cultured cells was limited by the diffusion rate of oxygen in the medium. This oxygen measuring system monitors local oxygen consumption and production with high spatial resolution, and can potentially be used with recently developed oxygen modulating biomaterials to design microenvironments and non‐invasively monitor local DO dynamics during culture. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 1263–1274. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of Basic and Acidic Additives on the Separation of Some Basic Drug Enantiomers on Polysaccharide‐Based Chiral Columns With Acetonitrile as Mobile Phase
Authors: Gogaladze Khatuna , Chankvetadze Lali , Tsintsadze Maia , Farkas Tivadar , Chankvetadze Bezhan 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe separation of enantiomers of 16 basic drugs was studied using polysaccharide‐based chiral selectors and acetonitrile as mobile phase with emphasis on the role of basic and acidic additives on the separation and elution order of enantiomers. Out of the studied chiral selectors, amylose phenylcarbamate‐based ones more often showed a chiral recognition ability compared to cellulose phenylcarbamate derivatives. An interesting effect was observed with formic acid as additive on enantiomer resolution and enantiomer elution order for some basic drugs. Thus, for instance, the enantioseparation of several β‐blockers (atenolol, sotalol, toliprolol) improved not only by the addition of a more conventional basic additive to the mobile phase, but also by the addition of an acidic additive. Moreover, an opposite elution order of enantiomers was observed depending on the nature of the additive (basic or acidic) in the mobile phase. Chirality 27:228–234, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Postoperative radiotherapy is effective for thymic carcinoma but not for thymoma in stage II and III thymic epithelial tumors: The Japanese Association for Research on the Thymus Database Study
Authors: Omasa Mitsugu , Date Hiroshi , Sozu Takashi , Sato Tosiya , Nagai Kanji , Yokoi Kohei , Okamoto Tatsuro , Ikeda Norihiko , Tanaka Fumihiro , Maniwa Yoshimasa ,   for the Japanese Association for Research on the Thymus
Published: January 2015

BACKGROUNDThe efficacy of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) for thymic epithelial tumors is still controversial. Using the Japanese Association for Research on the Thymus (JART) database, this study was aimed at clarifying the efficacy of PORT for Masaoka stage II and III thymic carcinoma and thymoma.METHODSThe JART database registered the records of 2835 patients collected from 32 Japanese institutions from 1991 to 2010. Thymic carcinoma and thymoma at stage II or III were extracted. The efficacy of PORT with respect to relapse‐free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) was evaluated with the Kaplan‐Meier method and Cox regression analysis.RESULTSThere were 1265 patients in all: 155 thymic carcinoma cases (12.3%) and 1110 thymoma cases (87.7%). Eight hundred ninety‐five (70.8%) were at stage II, and 370 (29.2%) were at stage III. Four hundred three cases (31.9%) underwent PORT. PORT for stage II and III thymic carcinoma was associated with increasing RFS (hazard ratio, 0.48; 95% confidence interval, 0.30‐0.78; P = .003) but was not associated with OS (hazard ratio, 0.94; 95% confidence interval, 0.51‐1.75; P = .536). PORT for stage II and III thymoma was not associated with RFS or OS (P = .350). A subgroup analysis of stage III thymoma showed no factor associated with the efficacy of PORT.CONCLUSIONSIn this study, PORT did not increase RFS or OS for stage II or III thymoma but increased RFS for stage II and III thymic carcinoma. Cancer 2015;121:1008–1016. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Health behaviors of minority childhood cancer survivors
Authors: Stolley Melinda R. , Sharp Lisa K. , Tangney Christy C. , Schiffer Linda A. , Arroyo Claudia , Kim Yoonsang , Campbell Richard T. , Schmidt Mary Lou , Breen Kathleen , Kinahan Karen E. , Dilley Kim J. , Henderson Tara O. , Korenblit Allen D. , Seligman Katya 
Published: January 2015

BACKGROUNDAvailable data have suggested that childhood cancer survivors (CCSs) are comparable to the general population with regard to many lifestyle parameters. However, to the authors' knowledge, little is known regarding minority CCSs. This cross‐sectional study describes and compares the body mass index and health behaviors of African American, Hispanic, and white survivors with each other and with noncancer controls.METHODSParticipants included 452 adult CCSs (150 African American, 152 Hispanic, and 150 white individuals) recruited through 4 childhood cancer treating institutions and 375 ethnically matched noncancer controls (125 in each racial/ethnic group) recruited via targeted digit dial. All participants completed a 2‐hour in‐person interview.RESULTSSurvivors and noncancer controls reported similar health behaviors. Within survivors, smoking and physical activity were found to be similar across racial/ethnic groups. African American and Hispanic survivors reported lower daily alcohol use compared with white individuals, but consumed unhealthy diets and were more likely to be obese.CONCLUSIONSThis unique study highlights that many minority CCSs exhibit lifestyle profiles that contribute to an increased risk of chronic diseases and late effects. Recommendations for behavior changes must consider the social and cultural context in which minority survivors may live. Cancer 2015;121:1671–1680. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Trends in imaging after diagnosis of thyroid cancer
Authors: Wiebel Jaime L. , Banerjee Mousumi , Muenz Daniel G. , Worden Francis P. , Haymart Megan R. 
Published: January 2015

BACKGROUNDThe largest growth noted among differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) diagnosis is in low‐risk cancers. Trends in imaging after the diagnosis of DTC are understudied. Hypothesizing a reduction in imaging use due to rising low‐risk disease, the authors evaluated postdiagnosis imaging patterns over time and patient characteristics that are associated with the likelihood of imaging.METHODSUsing the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results‐Medicare database, the authors identified patients diagnosed with localized, regional, or distant DTC between 1991 and 2009. Medicare claims were reviewed for use of neck ultrasound, iodine‐131 (I‐131) scan, or positron emission tomography (PET) scan within 3 years after diagnosis. Trends in imaging use were evaluated using regression analyses. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the likelihood of imaging based on patient characteristics.RESULTSA total of 23,669 patients were included. Compared with patients diagnosed between 1991 and 2000, those diagnosed between 2001 and 2009 were more likely to have localized disease (P<.001) and tumors measuring <1 cm (P<.001). Use of neck ultrasound and I‐131 scans increased in patients with localized disease (P ≤.001 and P = .003, respectively), regional disease (P<.001 and P<.001, respectively), and distant metastasis (P = .001 and P = .015, respectively). Patients diagnosed after 2000 were more likely to undergo neck ultrasound (odds ratio, 2.15; 95% confidence interval, 2.02‐2.28) and I‐131 scan (odds ratio, 1.44; 95% confidence interval, 1.35‐1.54). Compared with 1996 through 2004, PET scan use from 2005 to 2009 increased 32.4‐fold (P≤.001) in patients with localized disease, 13.1‐fold (P<.001) in patients with regional disease, and 33.4‐fold (P<.001) in patients with distant DTC.CONCLUSIONSDespite an increase in the diagnosis of low‐risk disease, the use of postdiagnosis imaging increased among patients with all stages of disease. The largest growth observed was in the use of PET after 2004. Cancer 2015;121:1387–1394. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Health‐related quality of life in lung cancer survivors: Latent class and latent transition analysis
Authors: Kenzik Kelly M. , Martin Michelle Y. , Fouad Mona N. , Pisu Maria 
Published: January 2015

BACKGROUNDHealth‐related quality of life (HRQOL) heterogeneity among cancer survivors may mask subgroups (classes) with different limitations and long‐term outcomes. The authors determined the HRQOL classes that exist among lung cancer survivors, examined transitions among those classes over time, and compared survival outcomes of patients according to the classes present in the initial phase of care.METHODSLung cancer survivors in the Cancer Care Outcomes Research and Surveillance Consortium completed EuroQol 5‐domain quality‐of‐life questionnaires 4.8 months (initial phase) and >1 year (survivorship phase) after diagnosis (n = 1396). Latent class analysis and latent transition analysis were used to determine HRQOL classes and transitions across time. Correlates of class membership were tested using multinomial logistic regression. Kaplan‐Meier and Cox regression analyses were used to compare survival across class membership.RESULTSLatent class analysis identified 4 classes at diagnosis and follow‐up: 1) poor HRQOL, 2) pain‐dominant impairment, 3) mobility/usual activities impairment, and 4) good HRQOL. Probabilities of remaining in the same class were .87, .85, .82, and .73 for classes 4, 1, 3, and 2, respectively. Younger age, lower income, lower education, comorbidities, and a history of depression/emotional problems were associated with a greater likelihood of being in classes 1, 2, or 3 at follow‐up. Patients in classes 1 and 3 had significantly lower median survival estimates than patients in class 4 (4.8 years, 3.8 years, and 5.5 years, respectively;P < .001).CONCLUSIONSExamining the heterogeneity of HRQOL in lung cancer populations allows the identification of classes with different limitations and long‐term outcomes and, thus, guides tailored and patient‐centered provision of supportive care.Cancer2015;121:1520–1528.©2015 American Cancer Society.
The isthmic nuclei providing parallel feedback connections to the avian tectum have different neurochemical identities: Expression of glutamatergic and cholinergic markers in the chick (Gallus gallus)
Authors: González‐Cabrera Cristian , Garrido‐Charad Florencia , Roth Alejandro , Marín Gonzalo J. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTRetinal inputs to the optic tectum (TeO) triggered by moving stimuli elicit synchronized feedback signals from two isthmic nuclei: the isthmi parvocelullaris (Ipc) and isthmi semilunaris (SLu). Both of these nuclei send columnar axon terminals back to the same tectal position receiving the retinal input. The feedback signals from the Ipc seem to act as an attentional spotlight by selectively boosting the propagation of retinal inputs from the tectum to higher visual areas. Although Ipc and SLu nuclei are widely considered cholinergic because of their immunoreactivity for choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), contradictory findings, including the expression of the vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGluT2) mRNA in Ipc neurons, have raised doubts about the purely cholinergic nature of this nucleus. In this study, in chicks, we revise the neurochemical identity of the isthmic nuclei by using in situ hybridization assays for VGluT2 along with three cholinergic markers: the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), the high‐affinity choline transporter (CHT1) and ChAT. We found that neurons in the SLu showed strong mRNA expression of all three cholinergic markers, whereas the expression of VAChT mRNA in the Ipc was undetectable in our essays. Instead, Ipc neurons exhibited a strong expression of VGluT2 mRNA. Immunohistochemistry assays showed VGluT2 immunoreactivity in the TeO codistributing with anterogradely labeled Ipc axon‐terminal boutons, further supporting a glutamatergic function for the Ipc nucleus. Therefore, our results strongly suggest that, in the chick, whereas the feedback from the SLu to the TeO is indeed cholinergic, the feedback from the Ipc has a marked glutamatergic component. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:1341–1358, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Do shrubs reduce the adverse effects of grazing on soil properties?
Authors: Eldridge David J. , Beecham Genevieve , Grace James B. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIncreases in the density of woody plants are a global phenomenon in drylands, and large aggregations of shrubs, in particular, are regarded as being indicative of dysfunctional ecosystems. There is increasing evidence that overgrazing by livestock reduces ecosystem functions in shrublands, but that shrubs may buffer the negative effects of increasing grazing. We examined changes in water infiltration and nutrient concentrations in soils under shrubs and in their interspaces in shrublands in eastern Australia that varied in the intensity of livestock grazing. We used structural equation modelling to test whether shrubs might reduce the negative effects of overgrazing on infiltration and soil carbon and nitrogen (henceforth ‘soil nutrients’). Soils under shrubs and subject to low levels of grazing were more stable and had greater levels of soil nutrients. Shrubs had a direct positive effect on soil nutrients; but, grazing negatively affected nutrients by increasing soil bulk density. Structural equation modelling showed that shrubs had a direct positive effect on water flow under ponded conditions but also enhanced water flow, indirectly, through increased litter cover. Any positive effects of shrubs on water flow under low levels of grazing waned at high levels of grazing. Our results indicate that shrubs may reduce the adverse effects of grazing on soil properties. Specifically, shrubs could restrict access to livestock and therefore protect soils and plants beneath their canopies. Low levels of grazing are likely to ensure the retention of soil water and soil carbon and nitrogen in shrubland soils. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Test–retest reliability of pain extent and pain location using a novel method for pain drawing analysis
Authors: Barbero M. , Moresi F. , Leoni D. , Gatti R. , Egloff M. , Falla D. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundPain drawings (PDs) are an important component of the assessment of a patient with pain. The aim of this work is to present the test–retest reliability of a novel method of quantifying the extent and location of pain. Additionally, the association between PD variables and clinical features in patients with chronic neck pain (CNP) and chronic low back pain (CLBP) was explored.MethodsFifty‐one patients with CLBP and 56 patients with CNP participated. Each patient shaded two consecutive PDs using a digital tablet. Software was developed to quantify the pain extent, to analyse the pain overlap between PDs and to produce pain frequency maps. Correlations were obtained between pain extent and clinical features including the level of pain intensity, disability, and psychological distress and cognitive function.ResultsThe intraclass correlation coefficients for pain extent in CLBP and CNP were very high: 0.97 (95% CI: 0.95–0.98) and 0.92 (95% CI: 0.87–0.98), respectively. The Bland Altman showed a mean difference close to zero: 5.4% pixels in CNP group and 3% pixels in the CLBP group. Significant correlations were observed between pain extent and pain intensity in CLBP and CNP and pain extent and disability in CNP. There was no relation between pain extent and the level of distress or cognitive function.ConclusionsA novel method for the acquisition of PD was presented. Test–retest reliability of reporting pain extent and pain location was supported in people with CNP and CLBP. Future research is needed to establish psychometric properties of PD.
Time‐wave velocity analysis for early earthquake damage detection in buildings: application to a damaged full‐scale RC building
Authors: Rahmani Mohammadtaghi , Ebrahimian Mahdi , Todorovska Maria I. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryAn algorithm for time velocity analysis of building response is presented, which identifies the wave velocity of vertically propagating waves through the building and detects their changes. The algorithm is intended for use in SHM systems for rapid assessment of the structural health and integrity following an earthquake. The velocities are identified by an interferometric algorithm, which involves least squares fit of pulses in impulse response functions. An important feature of this method is that it is not sensitive to the effects of soil–structure interaction. The algorithm is applied to a 12‐story RC building in Los Angeles, lightly damaged by the San Fernando 1971 earthquake. The results of the time velocity analysis are critically compared with results of analysis of input power, interstory drift, and instantaneous frequency. The identified average vertical wave velocity was initially ~140 m/s for the NS and ~110 m/s for the EW response and reduced by ~26% and 32%, respectively. The detected reduction of the fundamental frequency of vibration was larger (~44% for the NS and 48% for the EW response). The difference is interpreted to be due to softening of the soil–foundation system, to which the identified frequency of vibration is sensitive. The change was larger in the lower half of the building (~31% for the NS and ~37% for the EW response) as compared with the upper half (~24% for the NS and ~27% for the EW response), consistent with the observed damage. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Data‐driven post‐earthquake rapid structural safety assessment
Authors: Goulet J. A. , Michel C. , Kiureghian A. Der 
Published: January 2015

SummaryEarthquake‐prone cities are exposed to important societal and financial losses. An important part of these losses stems from the inability to use structures as shelters or for generating economic activity after the event of an earthquake. The inability to use structures is not only due to collapse or damage; it is also due to the lack of knowledge about their safety state, which prohibits their normal use. Because a diagnosis is required for thousands of structures, city‐scale safety assessment requires solutions that are economically sustainable and scalable. Data‐driven algorithms supported by sensing technologies have the potential to solve this challenge. Several ambient vibration monitoring studies of buildings, before and after earthquakes, have shown that the extent of damage in a building is correlated with a decrease in the natural frequency. However, the observed worldwide data may not be representative of specific cities due to factors such as construction type, quality, material, and age. In this paper, we propose a framework that is able to progressively learn the relationship between frequency shift and damage state as a small number of buildings in a city are inspected after an earthquake, and to use that information to predict the safety state of uninspected but monitored buildings. The capacity of the proposed framework to learn and perform prognosis is validated by applying the methodology to a city with 1000 buildings having simulated frequency shifts and damage states. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Notch in memories: Points to remember
Authors: Marathe Swananda , Alberi Lavinia 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTMemory is a temporally evolving molecular and structural process, which involves changes from local synapses to complex neural networks. There is increasing evidence for an involvement of developmental pathways in regulating synaptic communication in the adult nervous system. Notch signaling has been implicated in memory formation in a variety of species. Nevertheless, the mechanism of Notch underlying memory consolidation remains poorly understood. In this commentary, besides offering an overview of the advances in the field of Notch in memory, we highlight some of the weaknesses of the studies and attempt to cast light on the apparent discrepancies on the role of Notch in memory. We believe that future studies, employing high‐throughput technologies and targeted Notch loss and gain of function animal models, will reveal the mechanisms of Notch dependent plasticity and resolve whether this signaling pathway is implicated in the cognitive deficit associated with dementia. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.