bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyperentanglement quantum communication over a 50  km noisy fiber channel
Authors: Zhong Zhen-Qiu , Zhan Xiao-Hai , Chen Jia-Lin , Wang Shuang , Yin Zhen-Qiang , Geng Jia-Qi , He De-Yong , Chen Wei , Guo Guang-Can , Han Zheng-Fu 
Published: June 2024

High-dimensional entanglement not only offers a high security level for quantum communication but also promises improved information capacity and noise resistance of the system. However, due to various constraints on different high-dimensional degrees of freedom, whether these advantages can bring improvement to the actual implementation is still not well proven. Here we present a scheme to fully utilize these advantages over long-distance noisy fiber channels. We exploit polarization and time-bin hyperentanglement to achieve high-dimensional coding, and observe significant enhancements in secure key rates and noise tolerance that surpass the capabilities of qubit systems. Moreover, the demonstration achieves a distribution up to 50 km, which is the longest distance for high-dimensional entanglement-based quantum key distribution up to date, to our knowledge. Our demonstration validates the potential of high-dimensional entanglement for quantum communications over long-distance noisy channels, paving the way for a resilient and resource-efficient quantum network.
Dual-frequency optical-microwave atomic clocks based on cesium atoms
Authors: Shi Tiantian , Wei Qiang , Qin Xiaomin , Liu Zhenfeng , Chen Kunkun , Cao Shiying , Shi Hangbo , Liu Zijie , Chen Jingbiao 
Published: June 2024

133Cs, the only stable cesium (Cs) isotope, is one of the most investigated elements in atomic spectroscopy and was used to realize the atomic clock in 1955. Among all atomic clocks, the cesium atomic clock has a special place, since the current unit of time is based on a microwave transition in the Cs atom. In addition, the long lifetime of the 6P3/2 state and simple preparation technique of Cs vapor cells have great relevance to quantum and atom optics experiments, which suggests the use of the 6S−6P D2 transition as an optical frequency standard. In this work, using one laser as the local oscillator and Cs atoms as the quantum reference, we realize two atomic clocks at the optical and microwave frequencies. Both clocks can be freely switched or simultaneously output. The optical clock, based on the vapor cell, continuously operated with a frequency stability of 3.9×10−13 at 1 s, decreasing to 2.2×10−13 at 32 s, which was frequency-stabilized by modulation transfer spectroscopy and estimated by an optical comb. Then, applying this stabilized laser to an optically pumped Cs beam atomic clock to reduce the laser frequency noise, we obtained a microwave clock with a frequency stability of 1.8×10−12/τ, reaching 6×10−15 at 105  s. This study demonstrates an attractive feature for the commercialization and deployment of optical and microwave clocks, and will guide the further development of integrated atomic clocks with better stability. Therefore, this study holds significant practical implications for future applications in satellite navigation, communication, and timing.
The cost effectiveness of early assessment and intervention by a dedicated health and social care professional team for older adults in the emergency department compared to treatment-as-usual: Economic evaluation of the OPTI-MEND trial
Authors: Trépel Dominic , Ruiz-Adame Manuel , Cassarino Marica , Ahern Elayne , Devlin Collette , Robinson Katie , O’Shaughnessy Íde , McCarthy Gerard , Corcoran Cian , Galvin Rose 
Published: June 2024

Background
Over 65s are frequent attenders to the Emergency Department (ED) and more than half are admitted for overnight stays. Early assessment and intervention by a dedicated ED-based Health and Social Care Professionals (HSCP) team reduces ED length of stay and the risk of hospital admissions among older adults while improving patient health-related quality-of-life and satisfaction with care. This study aims to evaluate whether augmenting the treatment as usual for older adults admitted to ED is cost-effective.

Methods and findings
Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA), conducted alongside the OPTI-MEND randomised controlled trial of 353 patients aged ≥65 with lower urgency complaints compared the effectiveness of early assessment and intervention by a dedicated HSCP team in the ED to treatment as usual (TAU). An economic analysis estimated the average cost per older adults randomised to the HSCP team, and compared to TAU, how contact with HSCP team changed health care use, and associated total costs, and estimated the effect of HSCP on Quality-Adjusted Life Years (QALYs). Within the OPTI-MEND trial, the average cost of a contact with the HSCP team during ED attendance is estimated to be €801 per patient. Compared to TAU, the incremental QALY of intervention is 0.053 (95% CI: 0.023 to 0.0826, p<0.0001). Accounting for cost savings because of contact with HSCP team, the average incremental saving in the total cost, compared to TAU, is -€6,128 (95% CI: -€9,217 to -€3,038, p<0.0001). Given the incremental health gains and significant cost savings, bootstrapped cost CEA suggests that dedicated HSCP care dominates over TAU for low urgency older adults attending the ED.

Conclusions
A dedicated HSCP team in the ED significantly improves overall health for lower acuity older adults and, by reducing inpatient length of stay, results in staggering cost savings. This economic evaluation conducted on the OPTI-MEND trial provides convincing evidence that HSCP should be adopted as part of treatment as usual in Irish EDs.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03739515; registered on 12th November 2018. https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03739515.
The association between periodontitis and the impact of oral health on the quality of life of individuals with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Costa Amanda Almeida , Cota Luís Otávio Miranda , Esteves Lima Rafael Paschoal , Oliveira Alcione Maria Soares Dutra , Cortelli Sheila Cavalca , Cortelli José Roberto , Cyrino Renata Magalhães , Mendes Victor Silva , Silva Tarcília Aparecida , Costa Fernando Oliveira 
Published: June 2024

Objective
To evaluate the association between psoriasis (PSO), psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and periodontitis (PE), and the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) impacts on individuals with psoriatic disease’s daily activities compared to the non-psoriatic ones.

Materials & methods
296 individuals with psoriatic disease (PSO n = 210, APS n = 86) (cases) and 359 without these diseases (controls) were included. Complete periodontal examinations and collection of variables of interest were performed. The Brazilian version of the Oral Impacts on Daily Performance (OIDP) instrument was applied.

Results
The prevalence of PE was higher in PsA (57.0%; OR = 2.67 95%CI 1.65–4.32; p<0.001) than in PSO (34.3%; OR = 1.05 95% CI 0.73–1.51; p<0.001) compared to controls (33.1%). Both PsA and PSO groups showed more sites and teeth with 4-6mm probing depth (PD) and had higher OIDP scores than controls (p<0.001), thus indicating worse self-reported quality of life. PE, PSO+PE and consumption of alcohol/anxiolytics significantly influenced OHRQoL (p<0.05). The influence of periodontal parameters on OHRQoL was observed for the presence of PE; PD >6 mm; clinical attachment level >6 mm; higher plaque index, % sites and teeth with bleeding on probing (p<0.05).

Conclusion
Negative impacts of PE on the OHRQoL were demonstrated. The ones having PSO and especially PsA and PE presented significantly worse indicators.
Systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence and associated factors of depression among hypertensive patients in Ethiopia
Authors: Tassew Worku Chekol , Nigate Getanew Kegnie , Assefa Getaw Wubie , Zeleke Agerie Mengistie , Ferede Yeshiwas Ayal 
Published: June 2024

Background
Identifying individuals at increased risk for depression allows for earlier intervention and treatment, ultimately leading to better outcomes and potentially preventing severe symptoms. However, to date, no systematic reviews or meta-analyses have estimated the prevalence of depression among hypertensive patients. Thus, this review was initiated to determine the prevalence and factors associated with depression among patients with hypertension in Ethiopia.

Methods
Multiple databases, such as PubMed, African Journals Online, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar, were used to ensure wider coverage of relevant studies. The data extracted from Microsoft Excel were imported into STATA version 11 (Stata Corp LLC, TX, USA) for further analysis. The pooled prevalence of depression was estimated using a random effects model. To evaluate statistical heterogeneity, the Cochrane Q test and I2 statistic were used.

Results
The random effect model indicated that the pooled prevalence of depression in 12 studies conducted in Ethiopia was 32.43% (95% CI: 25.18, 39.67%). Being female (POR = 2.41; 95% CI: 1.89, 3.07, I2 = 17.7%, P = 0.302), having comorbid illnesses (POR = 3.80; 95% CI: 2.09, 6.90, I2 = 81%, P = 0.005), having poor blood pressure control (POR = 3.58; 95% CI: 2.51, 5.12, I2 = 0.0%, P = 0.716), having a family history of depression (POR = 3.43; 95% CI: 1.98, 5.96, I2 = 62.6%, P = 0.069), being single (POR = 2.30; 95% CI: 1.35, 3.99, I2 = 48.0%, P = 0.146) and having poor social support (POR = 4.24; 95% CI: 1.29, 13.98, I2 = 95.8%, P<0.001) were positively associated with depression among hypertensive patients.

Conclusion
Overall, the results of our review showed that depression affects a significant number of Ethiopians who have hypertension. Being female, being single, having comorbidities, having poor blood pressure control, having a family history of depression, and having poor social support were factors associated with depression among patients with hypertension. For those who are depressed, improving the psycho-behavioral treatment linkage with the psychiatric unit can result in improved clinical outcomes.

Trial registration
Prospero Registration number: CRD42024498447. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42024498447.
Risk factors associated with dengue complications and death: A cohort study in Peru
Authors: Copaja-Corzo Cesar , Flores-Cohaila Javier , Tapia-Sequeiros Gustavo , Vilchez-Cornejo Jennifer , Hueda-Zavaleta Miguel , Vilcarromero Stalin , Santana-Téllez Tomas , Parodi José F. , Gomez-Colque Sujey , Benites-Zapata Vicente A. 
Published: June 2024

Background
Dengue has emerged as an unprecedented epidemic in Peru, and it is anticipated that this issue will escalate further owing to climate change. This study aimed to determine the risk factors associated with death from dengue in patients treated at Hospital II in Pucallpa, Peru.

Methodology
This retrospective cohort study collected information from the medical records of patients with a diagnosis of dengue treated at Hospital II Pucallpa-Peru between January 2019 and March 2023. The primary outcome was death, and the secondary outcome was death, development of severe dengue, or Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission. Cox regression models were used to determine risk factors.

Findings
The clinical records of 152 patients were evaluated, with a median age of 27.5 years (interquartile range, 11–45). Among all patients, 29 (19.1%) developed severe dengue, 31 (20.4%) were admitted to the ICU, and 13 (8.6%) died during follow-up. In the survival analysis, bilirubin >1.2 mg/dL was associated with a higher risk of death aHR: 11.38 (95% CI: 1.2 106.8). Additionally, factors associated with poor prognosis included having 1 to 3 comorbidities aRR: 1.92 (1.2 to 3.2), AST ≥251 U/L aRR: 6.79 (2.2 to 21.4), history of previous dengue aRR: 1.84 (1.0 to 3.3), and fibrinogen ≥400 mg/dL aRR: 2.23 (1.2 to 4.1).

Significance
Elevated bilirubin was associated with death from dengue, whereas an increase in comorbidities and a history of previous dengue were related to a poor prognosis of the disease. Early identification of severe dengue would be more feasible with improved access to laboratory testing, particularly in tropical areas with a high dengue incidence.
Exploring the perceptions of faculty members about research courses in undergraduate pharmacy curriculum: A qualitative study
Authors: Aly Aaliah , Hishari Ola , Stewart Derek , Awaisu Ahmed , Elshami Sara , Mukhalalati Banan 
Published: June 2024

Introduction and objectiveThe commitment of pharmacy graduates to patient care and research is crucial to advancing pharmaceutical science and practice. Consequently, the value of involving undergraduate pharmacy students in research has been increasingly recognized. Given that the College of Pharmacy at Qatar University offers two undergraduate pharmacy research courses, it is relevant to explore the perception of faculty members of the delivery, impact, facilitators, barriers, and suggested improvements in these courses. This exploration will help to improve the existing curriculum and to highlight the prospective impact of student involvement in undergraduate pharmacy research courses on the personal and professional growth of students, as well as on the progressive evolution of the pharmacy profession.MethodsA qualitative exploratory case study was performed in which five virtual focus groups were conducted. All eligible faculty members from the clinical pharmacy and pharmaceutical science departments with experience supervising students who had taken one or two undergraduate pharmacy research courses were invited to participate. The focus group questions were based on the Theoretical domain framework of behavioral determinants. Verbatim transcription was performed, and the collected data were thematically analyzed using the computer-assisted coding software NVivo®.ResultsOf the 26 eligible faculty members, 21 participated in this study. Five deductive themes were identified: social professional role and influences, beliefs about capabilities, skills, beliefs about consequences and goals, and environmental resources and behavioral regulations. Overall, faculty members identified themselves as assessors and mentors. Participants expected students to possess independence, responsibility, and motivation. They believed that students generally required more practical research skills. Several benefits of incorporating students into undergraduate research have been highlighted, including increased publication productivity and quality. However, several hurdles to undergraduate research in pharmacy have been identified, including limited resources, limited timeframes, and sometimes delayed ethical approval.ConclusionFaculty members expressed optimism regarding the undergraduate research courses. However, some logistical concerns, including the lengthy ethical approval process and resource availability, must be addressed to optimize the effectiveness of these courses.
Hybrid operating rooms and the risk of postoperative hypothermia in pregnant women with placenta previa: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lee Sou Hyun , Lee You Hyun 
Published: June 2024

Background
Births at advanced maternal ages (≥ 35 years) are increasing. This has been associated with a higher incidence of placenta previa, which increases bleeding risk. Hybrid operating rooms, designed to accommodate interventions and cesarean sections, are becoming more prominent because of their dual capabilities and benefits. However, they have been associated with increased postoperative hypothermia in pediatric settings; moreover, this has not been studied in pregnant women with placenta previa.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study included pregnant women diagnosed with placenta previa who underwent elective cesarean section under general anesthesia between May 2019 and 2023. The patients were categorized according to the operating room type. The primary outcome was to determine whether the hybrid operating room is a risk factor for immediate postoperative hypothermia, defined as a tympanic membrane temperature below 36.0°C. The secondary outcomes were the effects of immediate postoperative hypothermia on the durations of postanesthetic care unit and postoperative hospital stays and incidence of complications.

Results
Immediate postoperative hypothermia (tympanic membrane temperature < 36.0°C) was more prevalent in the hybrid than in the standard operating room group (20% vs. 36.6%, p = 0.033), with a relative risk of 2.86 (95% confidence interval 1.24–6.64, p < 0.001). Patients undergoing surgery in the hybrid operating room who experienced immediate postoperative hypothermia stayed longer in the postanesthetic care unit (26 min vs. 40 min, p < 0.001) and in the hospital after surgery (4 days; range 3–5 vs. 4 days; range 4–11, p = 0.021). However, the complication rates of both groups were not significantly different (11.3% vs 7.3%, p = 0.743).

Conclusion
Hybrid operating rooms may increase the risk of postoperative hypothermia. Postoperative hypothermia is associated with prolonged postanesthetic care unit and hospital stays. Preventing hypothermia in patients in hybrid operating rooms is of utmost importance.
Association of Medicaid coverage with emergency department utilization after self-harm in Korea: A nationwide registry-based study
Authors: Han Ga In , Jeong Sikyoung , Kim Insoo , Yuh Min Ah , Woo Seon Hee , Hong Sungyoup 
Published: June 2024

Background
Self-harm presents an important public health challenge. It imposes a notable burden on the utilization of emergency department (ED) services and medical expenses from patients and family. The Medicaid system is vital in providing financial support for individuals who struggle with medical expenses. This study explored the association of Medicaid coverage with ED visits following incidents of self-harm, utilizing nationwide ED surveillance data in Korea.

Methods
Data of all patients older than 14 years who presented to EDs following incidents of self-harm irrespective of intention to end their life, including cases of self-poisoning, were gathered from the National ED Information System (NEDIS). The annual self-harm visit rate (SHVR) per 100,000 people was calculated for each province and a generalized linear model analysis was conducted, with SHVR as a dependent variable and factors related to Medicaid coverage as independent variables.

Results
A 1% increase in Medicaid enrollment rate was linked to a significant decrease of 14% in SHVR. Each additional 1,000 Korean Won of Medicaid spending per enrollee was correlated with a 1% reduction in SHVR. However, an increase in Medicaid visits per enrollee and an extension of Medicaid coverage days were associated with an increase in SHVR. SHVR exhibited a stronger associated with parameters of Medicaid coverage in adolescents and young adults than in older adult population.

Conclusion
Expansion of Medicaid coverage coupled with careful monitoring of shifts in Medicaid utilization patterns can mitigate ED overloading by reducing visits related to self-harm.
Characteristics and Outcomes Among US Commercially Insured Transgender Adults With Cirrhosis: A National Cohort Study
Authors: Elhence Hirsh , Dodge Jennifer L. , Kahn Jeffrey A. , Lee Brian P. 
Published: June 2024

INTRODUCTION:
The National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities has noted that transgender individuals experience unique health disparities. We sought to describe the landscape of transgender patients with cirrhosis.

METHODS:
We identified all transgender and cisgender adults in Optum's deidentified Clinformatics Data Mart Database between 2007 and 2022 using validated billing codes and calculating age-standardized prevalence of cirrhosis among cisgender vs transgender adults. Among those with incident cirrhosis diagnoses, we calculated age-standardized incidence densities of liver-related outcomes (decompensation, transplantation, hepatocellular carcinoma) and all-cause mortality. We examined 5-year survival using inverse probability treatment weighting to balance transgender and cisgender populations on demographic and clinical characteristics.

RESULTS:
Among 64,615,316 adults, 42,471 (0.07%) were transgender. Among 329,251 adults with cirrhosis, 293 (0.09%) were transgender. Trans- (vs cis-) genders had higher prevalence of cirrhosis (1,285 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1,136–1,449] per 100,000 vs 561 [559–563] per 100,000). Among adults with cirrhosis, trans- (vs cis-) genders had higher proportions of anxiety (70.7% [56.9–86.9] vs 43.2% [42.7–43.8]), depression (66.4% [53.3–81.7] vs 38.4% [37.9–38.9]), HIV/AIDS (8.5% [3.9–16.1] vs 1.6% [1.5–1.7]), and alcohol (57.5% [46.0–71.1] vs 51.0% [50.5–51.6]) and viral (30.5% [22.8–39.8] vs 24.2% [23.9–24.5]) etiologies, although etiologies had overlapping CIs. Trans- (vs cis-) genders had similar incidence densities of death (12.0 [95% CI 8.8–15.3] vs 14.0 [13.9–14.2] per 100 person-years), decompensation (15.7 [10.9–20.5] vs 14.1 [14.0–14.3]), and liver transplantation (0.3 [0.0–0.8] vs 0.3 [0.3–0.4]). In inverse probability treatment weighting survival analysis, transgender and cisgender individuals had similar 5-year survival probabilities (63.4% [56.6–71.1] vs 59.1% [58.7–59.4]).

DISCUSSION:
Trans- (vs cis-) gender adults have double the prevalence of cirrhosis, and the majority have a diagnosis of anxiety and/or depression. These results are informative for researchers, policymakers, and clinicians to advance equitable care for transgender individuals.
Representations of non-finitely graded Lie algebras related to Virasoro algebra
Authors: Xia Chunguang , Ma Tianyu , Dong Xiao , Zhang Mingjing 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we study representations of non-finitely graded Lie algebras

𝒲
⁢

(
ϵ
)

{\mathcal{W}(\epsilon)}

related to Virasoro algebra, where

ϵ
=

±
1

{\epsilon=\pm 1}

.
Precisely speaking, we completely classify the free

𝒰
⁢

(
𝔥
)

{\mathcal{U}(\mathfrak{h})}

-modules of rank one over

𝒲
⁢

(
ϵ
)

{\mathcal{W}(\epsilon)}

,
and find that these module structures are rather different from those of other graded Lie algebras.
We also determine the simplicity and isomorphism classes of these modules.
Multiple solutions for fractional elliptic systems
Authors: Guo Zhao 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This paper investigates the existence and multiplicity of solutions to fractional elliptic systems on conical spaces. Specifically, we focus on the challenges posed by complex geometric configurations, including cones with rough bases, and their implications for the treatment of lateral boundary conditions. By utilizing the fibering map approach and iterative method, we aim to address these challenges and provide new insights into the field. Notably, these issues have not been previously explored in existing literature, highlighting the originality and significance of our study.
Relative Rota–Baxter groups and skew left braces
Authors: Rathee Nishant , Singh Mahender 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Relative Rota–Baxter groups are generalizations of Rota–Baxter groups and have been introduced recently in the context of Lie groups. In this paper, we explore connections of relative Rota–Baxter groups with skew left braces, which are well known to give bijective non-degenerate set-theoretical solutions of the Yang–Baxter equation. We prove that every relative Rota–Baxter group gives rise to a skew left brace, and conversely, every skew left brace arises from a relative Rota–Baxter group. It turns out that there is an isomorphism between the two categories under some mild restrictions. We propose an efficient GAP algorithm, which would enable the computation of relative Rota–Baxter operators on finite groups. In the end, we introduce the notion of isoclinism of relative Rota–Baxter groups and prove that an isoclinism of these objects induces an isoclinism of corresponding skew left braces.