bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patellar taping for patellofemoral pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate clinical outcomes and biomechanical mechanisms
Authors: Barton Christian , Balachandar Vivek , Lack Simon , Morrissey Dylan 
Published: December 2013

ObjectivePatellar taping is frequently used to treat patellofemoral pain (PFP). This systematic review and meta-analysis (1) evaluates the efficacy of patellar taping for patients with PFP, (2) compares the efficacy of various taping techniques and (3) identifies potential biomechanical mechanisms of action.MethodsThe MEDLINE, CINAHL, SPORTSDiscus, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases were searched in January 2013 for studies evaluating the effects of patellar taping on pain and lower-limb biomechanics in individuals with PFP. Three independent reviewers assessed each paper for inclusion and two assessed for quality. Means and SDs were extracted from each included study to allow effect size calculations.ResultsTwenty studies were identified. There is moderate evidence that (1) tailored (customised to the patient to control lateral tilt, glide and spin) and untailored patellar taping provides immediate pain reduction of large and small effect, respectively and (2) tailored patellar taping promotes earlier onset of vastus medialis oblique (VMO) contraction (relative to vastus lateralis contraction). There is limited evidence that (1) tailored patellar taping combined with exercise provides superior pain reduction compared to exercise alone at 4 weeks, (2) untailored patellar taping added to exercise at 3–12 months has no benefit and (3) tailored patellar taping promotes increased internal knee extension moments.ConclusionsTailoring patellar taping application (ie, to control lateral tilt, glide and spin) to optimise pain reduction is important for efficacy. Evaluation of tailored patellar taping beyond the immediate term is limited and should be a research priority. Possible mechanisms behind patellar taping efficacy include earlier VMO onset and improved knee function capacity (ie, ability to tolerate greater internal knee extension moments).
The impact of cigarette branding and plain packaging on perceptions of product appeal and risk among young adults in Norway: A between-subjects experimental survey
Authors: Scheffels Janne , Lund Ingeborg 
Published: December 2013

ObjectivesThis study examined the perceptions of cigarette packaging and the potential impact of plain packaging regulations. The hypothesis was that the branded cigarette packages would be rated more positively than the corresponding plain packs with and without descriptors.DesignBetween-subjects experimental online survey. Male and female participants were separately randomised to one of the three experimental conditions: fully branded cigarette packs, plain packs with descriptors and plain packs without descriptors; participants were asked to evaluate 12 individual cigarette packages. The participants were also asked to compare five pairs of packs from the same brand family.SettingNorway.Participants1010 youths and adults aged 15–22.Primary outcome measuresRatings of appeal, taste and harmfulness for individual packages. Ratings of taste, harm, quality, ‘would rather try’ and ‘easier to quit’ for pairs of packages.ResultsPlain with and without descriptors packs were rated less positively than the branded packs on appeal (index score 1.63/1.61 vs 2.42, p<0.001), taste (index score 1.21/1.12 vs 1.70, p<0.001) and as less harmful (index score 1.0.34/0.36 vs 0.82, p<0.001) among females. Among males, the difference between the plain with and without descriptors versus branded condition was significant for appeal (index score 2.08/1.92 vs 2.58, p<0.005) and between the plain without descriptors versus branded condition for taste (index score 1.18 vs 1.70, p<0.00). The pack comparison task showed that the packs with descriptors suggesting a lower content of harmful substances, together with lighter colours, were more positively rated in the branded compared with the plain condition on dimensions less harmful (β −0.77, 95% CI −0.97 to −0.56), would rather try (β −0.32, 95% CI −0.50 to −0.14) and easier to quit (β −0.58, 95% CI −0.76 to −0.39).ConclusionsThe results indicate that a shift from branded to plain cigarette packaging could lead to a reduction in positive perceptions of cigarettes among young people.
The Caledonides of Greenland, Svalbard and other Arctic areas: status of research and open questions
Authors: Gasser D. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
The Greenland and Svalbard Caledonides make up an important part of the Palaeozoic Caledonian orogen, and preserve a complex history of Palaeoproterozoic arc accretion, Proterozoic to Palaeozoic sedimentation within various basins and extensive magmatism, metamorphism and deformation during the Caledonian orogeny. In this summary, the current understanding of the structure and lithological content of the Greenland and Svalbard Caledonides is first reviewed, and open questions are highlighted. The Greenland Caledonides are divided into three different segments, and the term terrane is abandoned for the Svalbard Caledonides. Then, other Caledonian fragments in the Arctic region are discussed, including Bjørnøya, Pearya and Cordilleran terranes and parts of the Barents Shelf. Finally, a regional synthesis covering the geological evolution of the Greenland and Svalbard Caledonides from the Palaeoproterozoic to the end of the Caledonian orogeny is presented and controversial issues and open questions are discussed.
Cell Lineage Tracing Reveals a Biliary Origin of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Guest Rachel V. , Boulter Luke , Kendall Timothy J. , Minnis-Lyons Sarah E. , Walker Robert , Wigmore Stephen J. , Sansom Owen J. , Forbes Stuart J. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is a treatment refractory malignancy with a high mortality and an increasing incidence worldwide. Recent studies have observed that activation of Notch and AKT signaling within mature hepatocytes is able to induce the formation of tumors displaying biliary lineage markers, thereby raising the suggestion that it is hepatocytes, rather than cholangiocytes or hepatic progenitor cells that represent the cell of origin of this tumor. Here, we use a cholangiocyte-lineage tracing system to target p53 loss to biliary epithelia and observe the appearance of labeled biliary lineage tumors in response to chronic injury. Consequent to this, upregulation of native functional Notch signaling is observed to occur spontaneously within cholangiocytes and hepatocytes in this model as well as in human intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. These data prove that in the context of chronic inflammation and p53 loss, frequent occurrences in human disease, biliary epithelia are a target of transformation and an origin of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Cancer Res; 74(4); 1005–10. ©2013 AACR.
A Preclinical Assay for Chemosensitivity in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Khin Zayar P. , Ribeiro Maria L.C. , Jacobson Timothy , Hazlehurst Lori , Perez Lia , Baz Rachid , Shain Kenneth , Silva Ariosto S. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAccurate preclinical predictions of the clinical efficacy of experimental cancer drugs are highly desired but often haphazard. Such predictions might be improved by incorporating elements of the tumor microenvironment in preclinical models by providing a more physiological setting. In generating improved xenograft models, it is generally accepted that the use of primary tumors from patients are preferable to clonal tumor cell lines. Here we describe an interdisciplinary platform to study drug response in multiple myeloma, an incurable cancer of the bone marrow. This platform uses microfluidic technology to minimize the number of cells per experiment, while incorporating three-dimensional extracellular matrix and mesenchymal cells derived from the tumor microenvironment. We used sequential imaging and a novel digital imaging analysis algorithm to quantify changes in cell viability. Computational models were used to convert experimental data into dose-exposure–response “surfaces,” which offered predictive utility. Using this platform, we predicted chemosensitivity to bortezomib and melphalan, two clinical multiple myeloma treatments, in three multiple myeloma cell lines and seven patient-derived primary multiple myeloma cell populations. We also demonstrated how this system could be used to investigate environment-mediated drug resistance and drug combinations that target it. This interdisciplinary preclinical assay is capable of generating quantitative data that can be used in computational models of clinical response, demonstrating its utility as a tool to contribute to personalized oncology. Cancer Res; 74(1); 56–67. ©2013 AACR.
NSAIDs Inhibit Tumorigenesis, but How?
Authors: Gurpinar Evrim , Grizzle William E. , Piazza Gary A. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Numerous epidemiologic studies have reported that the long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) is associated with a significant decrease in cancer incidence and delayed progression of malignant disease. The use of NSAIDs has also been linked with reduced risk from cancer-related mortality and distant metastasis. Certain prescription-strength NSAIDs, such as sulindac, have been shown to cause regression of precancerous lesions. Unfortunately, the extended use of NSAIDs for chemoprevention results in potentially fatal side effects related to their COX-inhibitory activity and suppression of prostaglandin synthesis. Although the basis for the tumor growth–inhibitory activity of NSAIDs likely involves multiple effects on tumor cells and their microenvironment, numerous investigators have concluded that the underlying mechanism is not completely explained by COX inhibition. It may therefore be possible to develop safer and more efficacious drugs by targeting such COX-independent mechanisms. NSAID derivatives or metabolites that lack COX-inhibitory activity, but retain or have improved anticancer activity, support this possibility. Experimental studies suggest that apoptosis induction and suppression of β-catenin–dependent transcription are important aspects of their antineoplastic activity. Studies show that the latter involves phosphodiesterase inhibition and the elevation of intracellular cyclic GMP levels. Here, we review the evidence for COX-independent mechanisms and discuss progress toward identifying alternative targets and developing NSAID derivatives that lack COX-inhibitory activity but have improved antineoplastic properties. Clin Cancer Res; 20(5); 1104–13. ©2013 AACR.
Bisphosphonamidate Clodronate Prodrug Exhibits Selective Cytotoxic Activity against Melanoma Cell Lines
Authors: Webster Marie R. , Kamat Chandrashekhar , Connis Nick , Zhao Ming , Weeraratna Ashani T. , Rudek Michelle A. , Hann Christine L. , Freel Meyers Caren L. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Bisphosphonates are used clinically to treat disorders of calcium metabolism and malignant bone disease and are known to inhibit cancer cell growth, adhesion, and invasion. However, clinical use of these agents for the treatment of extraskeletal disease is limited because of low cell permeability. We recently described a bisphosphonamidate prodrug strategy for efficient intracellular release of bisphosphonates, including clodronate (CLO), in non–small cell lung cancer cells. To evaluate anticancer activity of this prodrug class across many cancer cell types, the bisphosphonamidate clodronate prodrug (CLO prodrug) was screened against the NCI-60 cell line panel, and was found to exhibit selectivity toward melanoma cell lines. Here, we confirm efficient cellular uptake and intracellular activation of this prodrug class in melanoma cells. We further demonstrate inhibition of melanoma cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis, and an antitumor effect of CLO prodrug in a xenograft model. These data suggest a novel therapeutic application for the CLO prodrug and potential to selectively target melanoma cells. Mol Cancer Ther; 13(2); 297–306. ©2013 AACR.
The Melanoma Research Alliance: The Power of Patient Advocacy to Accelerate Research and Novel Therapies
Authors: Black Debra , Brockway-Lunardi Laura 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Patient advocacy organizations play a major role in accelerating research and are particularly important in a disease like melanoma, for which there is an urgent need for new tools and treatments. Melanoma is a growing public health burden. In the United States alone, the incidence of melanoma has tripled over the past 30 years, and one American dies every hour from the disease. To accelerate the field, the Melanoma Research Alliance (MRA) was founded in 2007 and is now the largest private funder of melanoma research, having invested more than $48 million in innovative and translational research projects worldwide to date. This investment is bearing fruit in the recent transformation of the melanoma clinical landscape, which has brought new hope to patients and their families. Yet, even with new drugs on the market, much more needs to be done until melanoma is effectively addressed. MRA is part of a growing group of nonprofit disease research foundations collectively called “venture philanthropies” that are playing a powerful role in transforming the outlook for their disease by overcoming barriers that bog down progress, targeting key areas, and enhancing collaboration. MRA is leading an innovative agenda to accelerate efforts on behalf of patients. Our goal, while significant, is straightforward: to end suffering and death due to melanoma. Cancer Immunol Res; 1(6); 357–61. ©2013 AACR.
Détruire, créer, jouer: lire la folie de Caligula chez Camus
Authors: Zawada Kinga Anna 
Published: December 2013

Dans la préface américaine de Caligula and three other plays, Camus désigne Vies des douze Césars comme la source première de sa pièce. Toutefois, comme cet article va le démontrer, même si Camus emprunte en effet de Suétone des épisodes et des détails concernant la vie de l’empereur, il dote tous ces éléments d’une nouvelle signification. À la différence de Suétone, qui attribue la folie de Caligula à une maladie, Camus cherche à donner à ce comportement violent et étrange un sens qui échappe au domaine médical. Ayant beaucoup travaillé sur Nietzsche, notamment sur La naissance de la tragédie Camus marque son personnage de traits dionysiaques, en attirant surtout l’attention sur l’aspect simultané de la création et de la destruction. Dans les pages qui suivent nous allons examiner l’importance du mythe du dieu de la folie dans le processus de perception et de réception de la folie de Caligula par le destinataire du texte camusien.
O sino do amor e o badalar do recalque: notas sobre Dão-Lalalão, de Guimarães Rosa
Authors: Rocha Edinael Sanches 
Published: December 2013

O presente artigo aborda a novela Dão-Lalalão, de João Guimarães Rosa, empreendendo uma análise estilística da narrativa, e articulando-a à teoria psicanalística de Freud, sobretudo com o conceito de recalque. A partir das indicações do próprio autor da narrativa, contidas em outras obras, propõe-se a metáfora de um sino a badalar como homólogo aos movimentos internos e externos do protagonista.
O Cadáver, um emblema da morte em “Ápeiron”, de Caio Fernando Abreu
Authors: Jesus André Luiz Gomes de 
Published: December 2013

O objetivo do presente artigo é investigar os procedimentos utilizados por Caio Fernando Abreu para a construção das representações da morte em sua obra. Para tanto, tomamos, aqui, o conto “Apeiron”, publicado no livro Inventário do irremediável (1970). No texto, a reflexão sobre a morte, bem como o processo de dissociação a ela ligado, é deflagrada a partir da representação dos estados mentais de um cadáver, espécie de emblema alegórico da finitude humana, uma vez que pode ser visto como uma personificação da morte. Além disso, o caráter emblemático do corpo morto remete, também, ao esvaziamento da vida humana. O conto estabelece uma ambiguidade, especialmente porque a escolha discursiva (indireto e indireto livre) não permite ao leitor vincular diretamente as ideias presentes no texto ao cadáver-protagonista ou ao narrador, levando-o a questionar se o texto é o produto da imaginação deste narrador ou a manutenção insólita da vida mental de um homem morto. Seja a imaginação sobre a morte ou a vivência desta, “Apeiron” se mostra um texto no qual, a partir do processo de morrer, Abreu faz uma reflexão sobre o sentido do ser.
Inventeurs ou administrateurs de créatures? Les narrateurs de Samuel Beckett
Authors: Bergonzoni Gisela Anauate 
Published: December 2013

L’article présente une analyse des rôles du créateur et de l’imagination dans l’œuvre de Samuel Beckett. Il part d’un examen du récit court Company/ Compagnie (1980) écrit en anglais et traduit en français par l’auteur même. L’analyse est fondée sur la perspective de l’énonciation en linguistique, qui permet une considération des sujets du discours. On propose de même une lecture bilingue du récit de Beckett, à partir de laquelle émerge un personnage/ créateur qui est à l’entre-deux, se présentant à la fois comme inventeur et comme une espèce d’administrateur de créatures qui existent malgré lui. L’article examine ainsi comment le narrateur de Compagnie et ceux d’autres ouvrages de Beckett mettent l’Auteur dans une position délicate : ils bouleversent les notions d’origine et d’originalité d’un texte, renforçant son caractère pluriel et en même temps renvoyant à l’idée ancienne d’inventio en rhétorique.
O Minotauro: ausências e substituições em Lobato
Authors: Tavares Daniella Amaral 
Published: December 2013

Em 1939, Monteiro Lobato publica O Minotauro, uma releitura do mito grego do monstro meio homem, meio touro, morto pelo herói ateniense Teseu. O monstro lobatiano está só em seu labirinto, para onde leva a cozinheira Tia Nastácia. Sua morada na ilha de Creta não contém os jovens atenienses que deveriam ser devorados, nem a violência presente nas narrativas clássicas. No lugar de Ariadne e seu novelo, há Emília e seus carretéis. Ao invés da morte pelas mãos de Teseu, sua derrota pelos bolinhos de Tia Nastácia. Essas operações de supressões e acréscimos são o fio condutor deste estudo sobre os diálo.gos entre a versão de Lobato e o texto-fonte sobre o Minotauro, cujas origens perdem-se no tempo. Podemos aventar que as escolhas narrativas do autor se baseiam nas suas próprias convicções sobre o processo de reescritura, sobre a adequação do texto ao público-alvo, bem como incluem a valorização da inteligência em detrimento da violência. Para fundamentar nossa análise, tomamos como balizadores, além dos próprios textos de Lobato, reflexões contemporâneas, especialmente de autores como Martins, Hutcheon, Arrojo, Samoyault e Sant’Anna, que versam sobre o processo da adaptação e mecanismos intertextuais nele envolvidos.
Raul Pompéia, Abílio César Borges e a escola brasileira no século XIX
Authors: Zilberman Regina 
Published: December 2013

As referências à participação de Abílio César Borges na educação brasileira datam da década de 1860. Autor de livros didáticos, ele foi bastante popular na Bahia, sua terra natal, depois no Rio de Janeiro. Festejado pelos poetas Castro Alves e Rozendo Moniz Barreto, foi criticado por Raul Pompeia no romance O Ateneu. A crítica de Pompeia não visava atingir apenas o educador baiano, mas o sistema escolar brasileiro de seu tempo.
Comparison of Clinical Risk Stratification for Predicting Stroke and Thromboembolism in Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Aakre Christopher A. , McLeod Christopher J. , Cha Stephen S. , Tsang Teresa S.M. , Lip Gregory Y.H. , Gersh Bernard J. 
Published: December 2013

Background and Purpose—
Several accepted algorithms exist to characterize the risk of thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation. We performed a comparative analysis to assess the predictive value of 9 such schemes.

Methods—
In a longitudinal community-based cohort study from Olmsted County, Minnesota, 2720 residents with atrial fibrillation were followed up for 4.4±3.6 years±SD from 1990 to 2004. Risk factors were identified using a diagnostic index integrated with the electronic medical record. Thromboembolism and cardiovascular event data were collected and analyzed.

Results—

We identified 350 validated thromboembolic events in our cohort. Multivariable analysis identified age >75 years (odds ratio, 2.08;
P
<0.0001), female sex (odds ratio, 1.45;
P
=0.0015), history of hypertension (odds ratio, 3.07;
P
<0.0001), diabetes mellitus (odds ratio, 1.58;
P
=0.0003), and history of heart failure (odds ratio, 1.50;
P
=0.0102) as significant predictors of clinical thromboembolism. The Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation (SPAF; hazard ratio, 2.75;
c
=0.659), CHADS
2
-revised (hazard ratio, 3.48;
c
=0.654), and CHADS
2
-classical (hazard ratio, 2.90;
c
=0.653) risk schemes were most accurate in risk stratification. The low-risk cohort within the CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc scheme had the lowest event rate among all low-risk cohorts (0.11 per 100 person-years).

Conclusions—

A direct comparison of 9 risk schemes reveals no profound differences in risk stratification accuracy for high-risk patients. Accurate prediction of low-risk patients is perhaps more valuable in determining those unlikely to benefit from oral anticoagulation therapy. Among our cohort, CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc performed best in this purpose.
Early Aphasia Rehabilitation Is Associated With Functional Reactivation of the Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus
Authors: Mattioli Flavia , Ambrosi Claudia , Mascaro Lorella , Scarpazza Cristina , Pasquali Patrizia , Frugoni Marina , Magoni Mauro , Biagi Laura , Gasparotti Roberto 
Published: December 2013

Background and Purpose—
Early poststroke aphasia rehabilitation effects and their functional MRI (fMRI) correlates were investigated in a pilot, controlled longitudinal study.

Methods—
Twelve patients with mild/moderate aphasia (8 Broca, 3 anomic, and 1 Wernicke) were randomly assigned to daily language rehabilitation for 2 weeks (starting 2.2 [mean] days poststroke) or no rehabilitation. The Aachen Aphasia Test and fMRI recorded during an auditory comprehension task were performed at 3 time intervals: mean 2.2 (T1), 16.2 (T2), and 190 (T3) days poststroke.

Results—

Groups did not differ in terms of age, education, aphasia severity, lesions volume, baseline fMRI activations, and in task performance during fMRI across examinations. Rehabilitated patients significantly improved in naming and written language tasks (
P
<0.05) compared with no rehabilitation group both at T2 and T3. Functional activity at T1 was reduced in language-related cortical areas (right and left inferior frontal gyrus and middle temporal gyrus, right inferior parietal lobule and superior temporal gyrus) in patients compared with controls. T2 and T3 follow-ups revealed a cortical activation increase, with significantly greater activation in the left hemisphere areas in rehabilitated patients at T2 and T3, and a time×treatment effect at T2 in the left inferior Broca area after rehabilitation. Left inferior frontal gyrus activation at T2 significantly correlated with naming improvement.

Conclusions—
Early poststroke aphasia treatment is useful, has durable effects, and may lead to early enhanced recruitment of brain areas, particularly the left inferior frontal gyrus, which persists in the chronic phase.