bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vesta's mineralogical composition as revealed by the visible and infrared spectrometer on Dawn
Authors: De Sanctis M. Cristina , Ammannito Eleonora , Capria M. Teresa , Capaccioni Fabrizio , Combe Jean‐Philippe , Frigeri Alessandro , Longobardo Andrea , Magni Gianfranco , Marchi Simone , McCord Tom B. , Palomba Ernesto , Tosi Federico , Zambon Francesca , Carraro Francesco , Fonte Sergio , Li Y. J. , McFadden Lucy A. , Mittlefehldt David W. , Pieters Carle M. , Jaumann Ralf , Stephan Katrin , Raymond Carol A. , Russell Christopher T. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe Dawn spacecraft mission has provided extensive new and detailed data on Vesta that confirm and strengthen the Vesta–howardite–eucrite–diogenite (HED) meteorite link and the concept that Vesta is differentiated, as derived from earlier telescopic observations. Here, we present results derived by newly calibrated spectra of Vesta. The comparison between data from the Dawn imaging spectrometer—VIR—and the different class of HED meteorites shows that average spectrum of Vesta resembles howardite spectra. Nevertheless, the Vesta spectra at high spatial resolution reveal variations in the distribution of HED‐like mineralogies on the asteroid. The data have been used to derive HED distribution on Vesta, reported in Ammannito et al. (2013), and to compute the average Vestan spectra of the different HED lithologies, reported here. The spectra indicate that, not only are all the different HED lithologies present on Vesta, but also carbonaceous chondritic material, which constitutes the most abundant inclusion type found in howardites, is widespread. However, the hydration feature used to identify carbonaceous chondrite material varies significantly on Vesta, revealing different band shapes. The characteristic of these hydration features cannot be explained solely by infalling of carbonaceous chondrite meteorites and other possible origins must be considered. The relative proportion of HEDs on Vesta's surface is computed, and results show that most of the vestan surface is compatible with eucrite‐rich howardites and/or cumulate or polymict eucrites. A very small percentage of surface is covered by diogenite, and basaltic eucrite terrains are relatively few compared with the abundance of basaltic eucrites in the HED suite. The largest abundance of diogenitic material is found in the Rheasilvia region, a deep basin, where it clearly occurs below a basaltic upper crust. However, diogenite is also found elsewhere; although the depth to diogenite is consistent with one magma ocean model, its lateral extent is not well constrained.
Phylogeographical pattern ofEuplotes nobilii, a protist ciliate with a bipolar biogeographical distribution
Authors: Di Giuseppe Graziano , Barbieri Michele , Vallesi Adriana , Luporini Pierangelo , Dini Fernando 
Published: July 2013

AbstractNuclear (18S andITS) and mitochondrial (16S) ribosomalRNAgene sequences were determined from genetically distinct wild‐type strains of Antarctic (nine strains), Fuegian (four strains), Greenland (nine strains) and Svalbard (three strains) populations of the marine ciliate,Euplotes nobilii, and analysed for their nucleotide polymorphisms. A close genetic homogeneity was found within and between the Antarctic and Fuegian populations, while more significant levels of genetic differentiation were detected within and between the two Arctic populations, as well as between these populations and the Antarctic/Fuegian ones. The phylogeographical pattern that was derived from these data indicates that gene flow is not limited among Arctic populations; it equally connects the Arctic and Antarctic populations either directly, or through the Fuegian population. This indication reinforces previous evidence from laboratory assays of mating interactions between some of the strains analysed in this work that Southern and Northern polar populations ofE. nobiliibelong to a unique, panmictic population that substantially share the same gene pool.
Intensive care unit nurses' evaluation of simulation used for team training
Authors: Ballangrud Randi , Hall‐Lord Marie Louise , Hedelin Birgitta , Persenius Mona 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTAimTo implement a simulation‐based team training programme and to investigate intensive care nurses' evaluations of simulation used for team training.BackgroundSimulation‐based training is recommended to make health care professionals aware of and understand the importance of teamwork related to patient safety.DesignThe study was based on a questionnaire evaluation design.MethodsA total of 63 registered nurses were recruited: 53 from seven intensive care units in four hospitals in one hospital trust and 10 from an intensive care postgraduate education programme. After conducting a simulation‐based team training programme with two scenarios related to emergency situations in the intensive care, the participants evaluated each simulation activity with regard to: (i) outcome of satisfaction and self‐confidence in learning, (ii) implementation of educational practice and (iii) simulation design/development.ResultIntensive care nurses were highly satisfied with their simulation‐based learning, and they were mostly in agreement with the statements about self‐confidence in learning. They were generally positive in their evaluation of the implementation of the educational practice and the simulation design/development. Significant differences were found with regard to scenario roles, prior simulation experience and area of intensive care practice.ConclusionThe study indicates a positive reception of a simulation‐based programme with regard to team training in emergency situations in an intensive care unit.Relevance to clinical practiceThe findings may motivate and facilitate the use of simulation for team training to promote patient safety in intensive care and provide educators with support to develop and improve simulation‐based training programmes.
Post mortem function of AtMC9 in xylem vessel elements
Authors: Bollhöner Benjamin , Zhang Bo , Stael Simon , Denancé Nicolas , Overmyer Kirk , Goffner Deborah , Van Breusegem Frank , Tuominen Hannele 
Published: July 2013

Summary

Cell death of xylem elements is manifested by rupture of the tonoplast and subsequent autolysis of the cellular contents. Metacaspases have been implicated in various forms of plant cell death but regulation and execution of xylem cell death by metacaspases remains unknown.

Analysis of the type II metacaspase gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana supported the function of METACASPASE 9 (AtMC9) in xylem cell death. Progression of xylem cell death was analysed in protoxylem vessel elements of 3‐d‐old atmc9 mutant roots using reporter gene analysis and electron microscopy.

Protoxylem cell death was normally initiated in atmc9 mutant lines, but detailed electron microscopic analyses revealed a role for AtMC9 in clearance of the cell contents post mortem, that is after tonoplast rupture. Subcellular localization of fluorescent AtMC9 reporter fusions supported a post mortem role for AtMC9. Further, probe‐based activity profiling suggested a function of AtMC9 on activities of papain‐like cysteine proteases.

Our data demonstrate that the function of AtMC9 in xylem cell death is to degrade vessel cell contents after vacuolar rupture. We further provide evidence on a proteolytic cascade in post mortem autolysis of xylem vessel elements and suggest that AtMC9 is part of this cascade.
Multiplex micro‐respiratory measurements of Arabidopsis tissues
Authors: Sew Yun Shin , Ströher Elke , Holzmann Cristián , Huang Shaobai , Taylor Nicolas L. , Jordana Xavier , Millar A. Harvey 
Published: July 2013

Summary

Researchers often want to study the respiratory properties of individual parts of plants in response to a range of treatments. Arabidopsis is an obvious model for this work; however, because of its size, it represents a challenge for gas exchange measurements of respiration.

The combination of micro‐respiratory technologies with multiplex assays has the potential to bridge this gap, and make measurements possible in this model plant species. We show the adaptation of the commercial technology used for mammalian cell respiration analysis to study three critical tissues of interest: leaf sections, root tips and seeds.

The measurement of respiration in single leaf discs has allowed the age dependence of the respiration rate in Arabidopsis leaves across the rosette to be observed. The oxygen consumption of single root tips from plate‐grown seedlings shows the enhanced respiration of root tips and their time‐dependent susceptibility to salinity. The monitoring of single Arabidopsis seeds shows the kinetics of respiration over 48 h post‐imbibition, and the effect of the phytohormones gibberellic acid (GA3) and abscisic acid (ABA) on respiration during seed germination.

These studies highlight the potential for multiplexed micro‐respiratory assays to study oxygen consumption in Arabidopsis tissues, and open up new possibilities to screen and study mutants and to identify differences in ecotypes or populations of different plant species.
Evidence for ‘silicon’ within the cell walls of suspension‐cultured rice cells
Authors: He Congwu , Wang Lijun , Liu Jian , Liu Xin , Li Xiuli , Ma Jie , Lin Yongjun , Xu Fangsen 
Published: July 2013

Summary

Despite the ubiquity and beneficial role of silicon (Si) in plant biology, structural and chemical mechanisms operating at the single‐cell level have not been extensively studied.

To obtain insights regarding the effect of Si on individual cells, we cultivated suspended rice (Oryza sativa) cells in the absence and presence of Si and analyzed single cells using a combination of physical techniques including atomic force microscopy (AFM).

Si is naturally present as a constituent of the cell walls, where it is firmly bound to the cell wall matrix rather than occurring within intra‐ or extracellular silica deposition, as determined by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). This species of Si, linked with the cell wall matrix, improves the structural stability of cell walls during their expansion and subsequent cell division. Maintaining cell shape is thereby enhanced, which may be crucial for the function and survival of cells.

This study provides further evidence that organosilicon is present in plant cell walls, which broadens our understanding of the chemical nature of ‘anomalous Si’ in plant biology.
Effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on the viability of irradiated soft head and neck tissues in mice
Authors: Spiegelberg L , Braks JAM , Djasim UM , Farrell E , van der Wal KGH , Wolvius EB 
Published: July 2013

ObjectivesHyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is used clinically in irradiation‐induced injury to healthy tissues, but the effectiveness and working mechanism remain unclear. This study examined the effects of HBOT on irradiated salivary glands and tongue in a mouse model.Materials and MethodsMice were irradiated with a single dose (15 Gy) in the head and neck region and subjected to HBOT, either before or after irradiation. During the course of the treatments, salivary flow rates were measured and at different time points after radiation (2, 6, 10 and 24 weeks), salivary glands and tongue were harvested and (immuno) histochemically analysed.ResultsProliferation and blood vessel density in salivary glands were enhanced by HBOT in the medium term (10 weeks after irradiation), while salivary flow rates were not influenced. In the long term, irradiation‐induced proliferation in the muscle tissue of the tongue was decreased by HBOT.ConclusionHyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) appears to stimulate regeneration or protection of salivary gland tissue following radiation therapy. Possible implications of the effect of HBOT on muscle tissue of the tongue for the prevention of dysphagia and trismus are discussed. This study provides insights on the cellular changes after HBOT and encourages further research on this topic to achieve a better implementation of the therapy in humans.
Spinal Opioid Bioavailability in Postoperative Pain
Authors: Bujedo Borja Mugabure 
Published: July 2013

AbstractOpioids have been used for spinal analgesia for more than a century, and their injection epidurally and intrathecally has a key role in the control of postoperative pain. Since the discovery of the endogenous opioid system, 3 decades ago, their use has become more generalized in obstetric analgesia, the management of chronic pain, and acute postoperative pain. To use opioids effectively for this type of analgesia, it is important to understand the pharmacokinetics and clinical pharmacology of these drugs, specifically those that produce analgesia by an intrinsic spinal mechanism. Evidence from animal and human experiments indicates that hydrophilic opioids (such as hydromorphone and morphine) bind more strongly to specific receptors within the dorsal horn of the spinal cord than lipophilic opioids (such as alfentanil, fentanyl, and sufentanil). This can be understood by considering the spinal cord selectivity and bioavailability of these opioids. This difference is attributable to differences in the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the 2 groups. It is more difficult for lipophilic opioids to reach and remain at sufficiently high concentrations at the site of action due to their sequestration in epidural fat and rapid plasma clearance from both epidural and intrathecal spaces, resulting in analgesia with a limited spread and duration, as well as the appearance of early supraspinal side effects. In contrast, morphine has very different properties, including greater spinal bioavailability and therefore administered neuraxially, it is suitable choice for the treatment of acute postoperative pain. However, when using morphine, a greater incidence of adverse effects can be expected, and it requires careful patient selection.
Twenty‐Four‐Hour Hospitalization for Patients Initiating Systemic Propranolol Therapy for Infantile Hemangiomas—Is It Indicated?
Authors: Liu Lucinda S. , Sokoloff Daniel , Antaya Richard J. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIn recent years, oral propranolol has risen from serendipitous discovery to first‐line, albeit off‐label, therapy for infantile hemangiomas (IHs). This retrospective study explored the utility of a 24‐hour hospitalization for the initiation of propranolol therapy in children with problematic IHs by evaluating the effects of systemic propranolol on hemodynamics and blood sugar levels. Thirty‐one children were admitted to the hospital to begin oral propranolol at a dose of 2 mg/kg/per day. Heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and blood glucose (BG) measurements were obtained at baseline and 1 to 3 hours before and after each dose of propranolol. No caregivers reported any adverse effects during the hospitalization. On average, HR decreased by 5 beats per minute (bpm) (p < 0.01) and systolic BP decreased by 4 mmHg (p < 0.01) after propranolol administration. There was no statistically significant change in diastolic BP or BG with propranolol therapy. Over the first three doses of propranolol we saw statistically significant attenuation of the effects of propranolol on HR, with HR approaching baseline values during the hospitalization (p = 0.04). We did not see statistically significant changes in BP over the course of three doses of propranolol. This study suggests that 24‐hour hospitalization with hemodynamic monitoring may not be necessary for safe initiation of propranolol therapy in otherwise healthy infants. Parental education on frequent feedings to decrease the chance of hypoglycemia may be as effective as 24‐hour hospitalization.
Capillary‐Venous Malformation in the Lower Limb
Authors: Uihlein Lily C. , Liang Marilyn G. , Fishman Steven J. , Alomari Ahmad I. , Mulliken John B. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractRegional capillary malformation of a lower extremity is associated with the overgrowth of bone or soft tissue in several disorders, most commonly Klippel–Trenaunay syndrome and Parkes Weber syndrome. We have observed a subset of patients with a capillary malformation of the leg, minor growth disturbance, and prominent veins. The objective of the current study is to describe a series of patients with regional capillary malformation of the lower extremity in association with phlebectasia. This is a retrospective series of 17 patients diagnosed with capillary‐venous malformation of the lower extremity. We excluded patients with clinical or radiographic evidence of lymphatic or arteriovenous malformation. Age, presentation, associated features, radiographic findings, and management were documented. In most patients the capillary malformation covered a large area without sharply demarcated borders. Four patients had one or more discrete, well‐defined capillary stains involving less than 5% of the total surface area of the affected lower limb. Prominent veins were most common in the popliteal fossa and on the knee and dorsal foot. Approximately two‐thirds of patients had a leg length discrepancy, with the affected leg being longer (n = 6) or shorter (n = 4); in many the affected leg was also slightly larger (n = 8) or smaller (n = 4) in girth. Radiographic imaging showed dilatation of superficial (n = 16), muscular (n = 9), and deep veins (n = 6). We characterize a subset of patients with regional capillary‐venous malformation of the lower extremity with prominent veins and minor hypotrophy/hypertrophy that differs from Klippel–Trenaunay syndrome (capillary‐lymphatic‐venous malformation) but belongs at the minor end of the spectrum of vascular disorders with overgrowth.
Leishmania major inhibits IL‐12 in macrophages by signalling through CR3 (CD11b/CD18) and down‐regulation of ETS‐mediated transcription
Authors: Ricardo‐Carter C. , Favila M. , Polando R. E. , Cotton R. N. , Bogard Horner K. , Condon D. , Ballhorn W. , Whitcomb J. P. , Yadav M. , Geister R. L. , Schorey J. S. , McDowell M. A. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryLeishmania major is an aetiological agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis. The parasite primarily infects immune sentinel cells, specifically macrophages and dendritic cells, in the mammalian host. Infection is receptor mediated and is known to involve parasite binding to cell surface protein complement receptor 3 (CR3, Mac‐1, CD11b/CD18). Engagement of CR3 by various ligands inhibits production of interleukin‐12 (IL‐12), the cytokine that drives antileishmanial T helper 1‐type immune responses. Likewise, L. major infection inhibits IL‐12 production and activation of host macrophages. Our data indicate that in the absence of CR3, L. major‐infected bone marrow‐derived macrophages produce more IL‐12 and nitric oxide compared with WT cells upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. We therefore investigated multiple signalling pathways by which L. major may inhibit IL‐12 transcription through CR3 ligation. We demonstrate that L. major infection does not elicit significant NFκB p65, MAPK, IRF‐1 or IRF‐8 activation in WT or CD11b‐deficient macrophages. Furthermore, infection neither inhibits LPS‐induced MAPK or NFκB activation nor blocks IFN‐γ‐activated IRF‐1 and IRF‐8. ETS‐mediated transcription, however, is inhibited by L. major infection independently of CR3. Our data indicate that L. major‐mediated inhibition of IL‐12 occurs through CR3 engagement; however, the mechanism of inhibition is independent of NFκB, MAPK, IRF and ETS.
The effects of co‐infection by different Potato virus Y (PVY) isolates on virus concentration in solanaceous hosts and efficiency of transmission
Authors: Syller J. , Grupa A. 
Published: July 2013

The influence of co‐infection on concentration and accumulation of genetically different isolates of Potato virus Y (PVY) in potato and tobacco plants and the efficiency of transmission by Myzus persicae of PVY isolates from doubly versus singly infected plants were evaluated. The vector ability to simultaneously transmit two virus isolates was examined. Eight PVY isolates represented three strain groups: PVYO (pathotype and serotype O), PVYNW (pathotype N and serotype O), and PVYNTN (pathotype and serotype N). Different diagnostic methods, including DAS‐ELISA, multiplex RT‐PCR, aphid transmission tests and bioassays, were applied to detect the presence of PVY isolates in source and assay plants. Significant reductions in concentrations of certain PVY isolates during co‐infection with other isolates were found both in potato and tobacco plants. The observed effects were both isolate‐ and host‐dependent in form. The highest rates of virus transmission by single aphids were recorded with PVYNTN isolates, and the lowest ones with PVYO isolates. Individual aphids of M. persicae were able to simultaneously transmit two PVY isolates. The frequency of transmission was generally low, but it reached as high as 20% for one of the isolate combinations. The findings presented in the work provide proof for antagonistic within‐plant interactions between isolates of PVY, with some implications of these interactions for virus transmission by aphid vectors. Consequently, this research contributes to a better understanding of the epidemiology of the disease caused by PVY.
Heterogeneity of Pseudomonas savastanoi populations infecting Myrtus communis in Sardinia (Italy)
Authors: Cinelli T. , Marchi G. , Cimmino A. , Marongiu R. , Evidente A. , Fiori M. 
Published: July 2013

Genetic, phenotypic and host range diversity among Pseudomonas savastanoi isolates from Myrtus communis were investigated. Thirty‐one isolates from six Sardinian commercial myrtle orchards and three isolates from plants growing spontaneously on the island of Rhodes (Greece) were compared with reference strains of P. savastanoi from olive, oleander, ash and myrtle. Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) indicated the presence of a monomorphic population with a very low level of variability. Conversely, Biolog phenotypic fingerprinting and phytohormone production analyses showed a considerable metabolic diversity, as bacteria obtained from single infected tissue differed more than bacteria obtained from different orchards. When pathogenicity tests were carried out on myrtle plants, different types of symptoms were induced: knots, canker lesions with or without tissue proliferations and, occasionally, wilting of the inoculated twig, a symptom never reported before for P. savastanoi. Comparable symptoms were also observed in the natural environment both on spontaneous and cultivated plants. Moreover, the host range of the myrtle population was heterogeneous and not well defined. Some isolates showed a wide host range whilst others were pathogenic only to their natural host. Overall these findings suggest that the diversity of the P. savastanoi population from myrtle does not depend so much on the locality or the natural host and does not allow the Sardinian and Greek isolates, together with previously characterized myrtle strains, to be ascribed to a known pathovar of P. savastanoi, nor to propose their belonging, as a whole, to a new pathovar.