bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Providing one‐to‐one care in labour. Analysis of ‘Birthrate Plus’ labour ward staffing in real and simulated labour ward environments
Authors: Allen M , Thornton S 
Published: October 2012

Please cite this paper as: Allen M, Thornton S. Providing one‐to‐one care in labour. Analysis of ‘BirthratePlus’ labour ward staffing in real and simulated labour ward environments. BJOG 2012; DOI: 10.1111/j.1471‐0528.2012.03483.x.Objective  To assess the ability of the ‘Birthrate Plus’ (BR+) midwife staffing system to cope with variability of workload on labour wards.Design  Retrospective analysis of labour ward workload and computer simulation of labour wards.Setting  The labour ward of a city hospital.Population  A total of 5800 births (1 year).Methods  The variation in births by time and day was analysed over a 1‐year period. Three months of BR+ data were analysed for variation of workload by case mix. A computer simulation model was built to allow prediction of the impact of changing resource levels or shift patterns, and to forecast the impact of changing number of births per year.Main outcome measures  Labour ward overloading (when either the number of women or the BR+ Workload Index exceeds the scheduled midwife availability).Results  Labour ward overload occurred 37% of the time when applying the BR+ method. Underlying patterns of workload were present and simulation indicated that overload could be reduced by 15–25% if available resources were matched more closely to known patterns of workload. Simulation also indicated that smaller units are predicted to suffer from overload more often than larger units, and are more prone to severe overload.Conclusions  The BR+ formula for midwife staffing leaves labour wards vulnerable to significant periods of overload. Matching resource levels to known patterns of workload may reduce the occurrence of overload. Simulation indicates that smaller units need higher relative staffing levels to provide the same level of 1:1 care to mothers in labour.
Risk factors of recurrent anal sphincter ruptures: a population‐based cohort study
Authors: Jangö H , Langhoff‐Roos J , Rosthøj S , Sakse A 
Published: October 2012

Please cite this paper as: Jangö H, Langhoff‐Roos J, Rosthøj S, Sakse A. Risk factors of recurrent anal sphincter ruptures: a population‐based cohort study. BJOG 2012;119:1640–1647.Objective  To determine the incidence and risk factors of recurrent anal sphincter rupture (ASR).Design  Population‐based retrospective cohort study.Setting  Data were taken from the National Medical Birth Registry, Denmark.Population  Patients with a first and a second vaginal delivery in the time period 1997–2010.Methods  Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were used to determine risk factors of recurrent ASR.Main outcome measures  The incidence of recurrent ASR and odds ratios for possible risk factors of recurrent ASR: age, body mass index, grade of ASR, birthweight, head circumference, gestational age, presentation, induction of labour, oxytocin augmentation, epidural, episiotomy, vacuum extraction, forceps, shoulder dystocia, delivery interval and year of second delivery.Results  Out of 159 446 women, 7336 (4.6%) experienced an ASR at first delivery, and 521 (7.1%) had a recurrent ASR (OR 5.91). The risk factors of recurrent ASR in the multivariate analysis were: birthweight (adjusted OR, aOR, 2.94 per increasing kg, 95% CI 2.31–3.75); vacuum extraction (aOR 2.96, 95% CI 2.03–4.31); shoulder dystocia (aOR 1.98, 95% CI 1.11–3.54); delivery interval (aOR 1.08 by year, 95% CI 1.02–1.15); year of second delivery (aOR 1.06, 95% CI 1.03–1.09); and prior fourth‐degree ASR (aOR 1.72, 95% CI 1.28–2.29). Head circumference was a protective factor (aOR 0.91 per increasing cm, 95% CI 0.85–0.98).Conclusions  The incidence of recurrent ASR was 7.1%. Risk factors of recurrent ASR were excessive birthweight, vacuum extraction, shoulder dystocia, delivery interval, year of second delivery and prior fourth‐degree ASR. A larger head circumference reduced the risk of recurrent ASR.
Vitamin D status and recurrent preterm birth: a nested case–control study in high‐risk women
Authors: Thorp JM , Camargo CA , McGee PL , Harper M , Klebanoff MA , Sorokin Y , Varner MW , Wapner RJ , Caritis SN , Iams JD , Carpenter MW , Peaceman AM , Mercer BM , Sciscione A , Rouse DJ , Ramin SM , Anderson GB ,   for the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal–Fetal Medicine Units Network
Published: October 2012

Please cite this paper as: Thorp J, Camargo C, McGee P, Harper M, Klebanoff M, Sorokin Y, Varner M, Wapner R, Caritis S, Iams J, Carpenter M, Peaceman A, Mercer B, Sciscione A, Rouse D, Ramin S, Anderson G. Vitamin D status and recurrent preterm birth: a nested case–control study in high‐risk women. BJOG 2012;119:1617–1623.Objective  To determine whether vitamin D status is associated with recurrent preterm birth, and any interactions between vitamin D levels and fish consumption.Design  A nested case–control study, using data from a randomised trial of omega‐3 fatty acid supplementation to prevent recurrent preterm birth.Setting  Fourteen academic health centres in the USA.Population  Women with prior spontaneous preterm birth.Methods  In 131 cases (preterm delivery at <35 weeks of gestation) and 134 term controls, we measured serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) from samples collected at baseline (16–22 weeks of gestation). Logistic regression models controlled for study centre, maternal age, race/ethnicity, number of prior preterm deliveries, smoking status, body mass index, and treatment.Main outcome measures  Recurrent preterm birth at <37 and <32 weeks of gestation.Results  The median mid‐gestation serum 25(OH)D concentration was 67 nmol/l, and 27% had concentrations of <50 nmol/l. Serum 25(OH)D concentration was not significantly associated with preterm birth (OR 1.33; 95% CI 0.48–3.70 for lowest versus highest quartiles). Likewise, comparing women with 25(OH)D concentrations of 50 nmol/l, or higher, with those with <50 nmol/l generated an odds ratio of 0.80 (95% CI 0.38–1.69). Contrary to our expectation, a negative correlation was observed between fish consumption and serum 25(OH)D concentration (−0.18, P < 0.01).Conclusions  In a cohort of women with a prior preterm birth, vitamin D status at mid‐pregnancy was not associated with recurrent preterm birth.
Delayed diagnosis of fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia: a cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity
Authors: Madani K , Kamphuis MM , Lopriore E , Porcelijn L , Oepkes D 
Published: October 2012

Please cite this paper as: Madani K, Kamphuis M, Lopriore E, Porcelijn L, Oepkes D. Delayed diagnosis of fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia: a cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity. BJOG 2012;119:1612–1616.Objective  To evaluate the rate and consequences of a late or missed diagnosis of fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT).Design  Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of a national cohort.Setting  National referral centre for fetal therapy in the Netherlands.Population  Twenty‐six women with pregnancies complicated by FNAIT and at least one previous pregnancy with a thrombocytopenic child.Methods  Retrospective analysis of data from our electronic FNAIT database. In a consecutive cohort managed between July 2008 and July 2010, timing of first diagnosis of FNAIT was correlated to severity and outcome in the subsequent pregnancies.Main outcome measures  Occurrence of delayed diagnosis of FNAIT, and possibly associated intracranial haemorrhage (ICH).Results  In four of 26 pregnancies, timely diagnostic testing for FNAIT was not performed despite fetal or neonatal thrombocytopenia or ICH. Down syndrome, dysmaturity and birth trauma were perceived to be the cause of the thrombocytopenia/ICH. In two of these four subsequent, untreated pregnancies, severe fetal ICH occurred. The other 22 women were treated for FNAIT using intravenous immunoglobulin, all children are alive and well.Conclusions  All neonates with thrombocytopenia at birth should be evaluated for FNAIT. Missing this diagnosis can have severe consequences for subsequent pregnancies.
Recurrence risk of preterm birth in subsequent twin pregnancy after preterm singleton delivery
Authors: Schaaf JM , Hof MHP , Mol BWJ , Abu‐Hanna A , Ravelli ACJ 
Published: October 2012

Please cite this paper as: Schaaf J, Hof M, Mol B, Abu‐Hanna A, Ravelli A. Recurrence risk of preterm birth in subsequent twin pregnancy after preterm singleton delivery.BJOG 2012;119:1624–1629.Objective  To determine the risk of preterm birth in a subsequent twin pregnancy after previous singleton preterm birth.Design  Cohort study.Setting  Nationwide study in the Netherlands.Population  In all, 4071 nulliparous women who had a singleton delivery followed by a subsequent twin delivery between the years 1999 and 2007 were studied.Methods  Outcome of subsequent twin pregnancy of women with a history of preterm singleton delivery was compared with pregnancy outcome of women with a history of term singleton delivery. First deliveries were subdivided into iatrogenic and spontaneous preterm deliveries. Furthermore analyses were performed by subgroups for gestational age at the time of singleton delivery.Main outcome measure  Spontaneous preterm birth (<37 weeks of gestation) in subsequent twin pregnancy.Results  In the index singleton pregnancy, preterm birth occurred in 232 (5.7%) of 4071 women. The risk of subsequent twin preterm birth was significantly higher after previous singleton preterm delivery (56.9 versus 20.9%; odds ratio 5.0; 95% CI 3.8–6.6). Risk of subsequent twin preterm birth was dependent on the severity of previous singleton preterm birth and was highest after preceding spontaneous instead of iatrogenic singleton preterm delivery.Conclusion  Preterm birth of a singleton gestation is associated with an increased risk of spontaneous preterm birth in a subsequent twin pregnancy.
Effects of Private‐Land Use, Livestock Management, and Human Tolerance on Diversity, Distribution, and Abundance of Large African Mammals
Authors: Kinnaird Margaret F. , O'brien Timothy G. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractSuccessful conservation of large terrestrial mammals (wildlife) on private lands requires that landowners be empowered to manage wildlife so that benefits outweigh the costs. Laikipia County, Kenya, is predominantly unfenced, and the land uses in the area allow wide‐ranging wildlife to move freely between different management systems on private land. We used camera traps to sample large mammals associated with 4 different management systems (rhinoceros sanctuaries, no livestock; conservancies, intermediate stocking level; fenced ranches, high stocking level; and group ranches, high stocking level, no fencing, pastoralist clan ownership) to examine whether management and stocking levels affect wildlife. We deployed cameras at 522 locations across 8 properties from January 2008 through October 2010 and used the photographs taken during this period to estimate richness, occupancy, and relative abundance of species. Species richness was highest in conservancies and sanctuaries and lowest on fenced and group ranches. Occupancy estimates were, on average, 2 and 5 times higher in sanctuaries and conservancies as on fenced and group ranches, respectively. Nineteen species on fenced ranches and 25 species on group ranches were considered uncommon (occupancy < 0.1). The relative abundance of most species was highest or second highest in sanctuaries and conservancies. Lack of rights to manage and utilize wildlife and uncertain land tenure dampen many owners’ incentives to tolerate wildlife. We suggest national conservation strategies consider landscape‐level approaches to land‐use planning that aim to increase conserved areas by providing landowners with incentives to tolerate wildlife. Possible incentives include improving access to ecotourism benefits, forging agreements to maintain wildlife habitat and corridors, resolving land‐ownership conflicts, restoring degraded rangelands, expanding opportunities for grazing leases, and allowing direct benefits to landowners through wildlife harvesting.Efectos del Uso Privado de Suelo, Manejo de Ganado y la Tolerancia Humana sobre la Diversidad, Distribución y Abundancia de Mamíferos Mayores Africanos
Combined Proteomic Analysis of Liver Tissue and Serum in Chronically Alcohol‐Fed Rats
Authors: Yamada Mako , Satoh Mamoru , Seimiya Masanori , Sogawa Kazuyuki , Itoga Sakae , Tomonaga Takeshi , Nomura Fumio 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundProteomic approaches may provide new insights into pathological conditions associated with alcoholism. The aim of this study was to conduct a proteomic analysis of liver tissue and serum in chronically alcohol‐fed rats using agarose 2‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2‐DE) and 3‐step serum proteome analysis.MethodsA total of 12 rats were pair‐fed nutritionally adequate liquid diet containing ethanol as 36% of the total energy or an isocaloric control diet for 2 months. Rat liver homogenates and cytosol fractions were subjected to agarose 2‐DE. Serum samples were subjected to 3‐step serum proteome analysis involving immunodepletion of abundant proteins followed by fractionation using reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography and 1‐dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE). Candidate proteins were digested with trypsin and identified using mass spectrometry. Observed differences in protein expression levels were confirmed using Western blotting.ResultsA total of 46 protein spots were found to be differentially expressed in the liver homogenates and cytosol fractions of alcohol‐fed rats relative to pair‐fed controls. The most notable change was down‐regulation of a 29‐kDa protein, which was subsequently identified as carbonic anhydrase III (CA III). Down‐regulation of this protein in alcohol‐fed rats was confirmed by Western blotting. The messenger RNA level of CA III was decreased as well. In rat serum, a total of 41 proteins were differentially expressed. Of these proteins, only betaine–homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT) was also found to be differentially expressed in the liver.ConclusionsA combined proteomic analysis of liver tissue and serum in chronically alcohol‐fed rats revealed that the expression of CA III is significantly down‐regulated in the liver of alcohol‐fed rats. Our results also showed that BHMT expression is up‐regulated in both the liver and serum of alcohol‐fed rats.
Atypical Spatial Working Memory and Task‐General Brain Activity in Adolescents with a Family History of Alcoholism
Authors: Mackiewicz Seghete Kristen L. , Cservenka Anita , Herting Megan M. , Nagel Bonnie J. 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundAltered behavioral performance and brain activation during spatial working memory (SWM) tasks have been demonstrated in individuals with an alcohol use disorder (AUD). It is possible that alterations in processing during SWM may be present prior to initiation of heavy alcohol use in adolescents with a family history of AUDs (family history positive [FHP]) and therefore represent a premorbid neural phenotype that could increase risk for developing an AUD. The goal of our study was to investigate group differences in brain activation during a SWM task between FHP adolescents and adolescents with no family history of AUDs (family history negative [FHN]), as well as examine the relationship between brain activation and individual differences in family history density (FHD) of AUDs.MethodsEighteen FHP and 16 gender and age‐matched FHN participants completed a SWM and vigilance task while undergoing a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan.ResultsThere were no group differences in task performance. The FHN group demonstrated expected greater activation during the SWM than vigilance condition in the right middle frontal gyrus and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, whereas the FHP group demonstrated comparable brain activation for both the more demanding and simple task conditions. Additionally, FHD was associated with greater activation of the right superior parietal cortex and less activation of the right cerebellum during the SWM task, but not during the vigilance task.ConclusionsResults suggest FHP adolescents demonstrate alterations in activation of prefrontal regions that are related more generally to the maintenance of top‐down cognitive control and alterations in parietal and cerebellar regions that are specific to SWM. Alterations in top‐down cognitive control may be a general risk factor for FHP adolescents, whereas SWM‐specific alterations are seen as a function of family history loading.
Death Due to Apparent Intravenous Injection of Tapentadol
Authors: Kemp Walter , Schlueter Scott , Smalley Elizabeth 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis case report describes a 34‐year‐old male who died as the result of tapentadol toxicity. This case apparently represents the first reported description of a death because of this drug. The toxicologic features of this case, namely concentrations of tapentadol in the femoral blood and heart blood, 1.05 and 3.20 mg/L, respectively, may assist other individuals in evaluating deaths where tapentadol concentration is a factor. Analysis of the blood based upon enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry revealed no other substance of significance, only nicotine and cotinine, and the autopsy findings were consistent with an opiate‐type drug overdose, and indicated no competing cause of death.
Ammonia removal from aqueous solution by membrane distillation
Authors: Duong Tuan , Xie Zongli , Ng Derrick , Hoang Manh 
Published: October 2012

AbstractEnvironmental regulation, increased pressure on water resources and rising cost for wastewater discharges make wastewater treatment for recycling an essential investment for many industries. Ammonia is a major pollutant in many industrial and agricultural wastewaters, and its elimination is essential for wastewater to be reused or meeting local discharge standards. In this study, the removal of ammonia from dilute aqueous solution has been investigated using sweep gas and vacuum membrane distillation (SGMD and VMD). Factors that affect the separation process such as feed and air flow rates, vacuum degree and feed temperature have been investigated. Overall, mass transfer coefficients (Kov) were calculated, and the results indicated that Kov for VMD is higher than that for SGMD under similar operation. Overall, ammonia mass transfer coefficient up to 12.06 × 10−5 and 5.63 × 10−5 m/s can be achieved for VMD and SGMD, respectively. The ammonia removal efficiency was enhanced by increasing sweep gas flow rate or by decreasing downstream pressure.
James Beattie and the Progress of Genius in the Aberdeen Enlightenment
Authors: YOUNG RONNIE 
Published: October 2012

AbstractJames Beattie's The Minstrel is often viewed as a proto‐Romantic work for its portrayal of the developing genius of Edwin. In this article I show how Beattie's exploration of genius also has a particular connection to the intellectual culture of the Aberdeen Enlightenment, which was responsible for producing leading works on genius during the late eighteenth century. This article examines the influence of Marischal College in shaping the analysis of genius during the period. It further demonstrates the impact of the Aberdeen Philosophical Society on Beattie's thought about genius as it appears in his verse and later critical writing.
Treatment of Proximal Humerus Fractures with the Stryker T2 Proximal Humeral Nail: A Study of 61 Cases
Authors: Witney-Lagen Caroline , Datir Sandeep , Kumar Vinod , Venkateswaran Balachandran 
Published: October 2012

Background Surgical treatment of displaced proximal humerus fractures remains controversial. There is little guidance on which patients are likely to do well with humeral nailing. Therefore we present our study evaluating the Stryker T2 proximal humeral nail (T2-PHN). Methods Sixty-one consecutive patients with acute unilateral displaced proximal humerus fractures were treated with the T2-PHN and followed up for a mean of 19 months. There were 46 females and 15 males with mean age 68 (range 36–97). By Neer's classification there were 25 two-part, 28 three-part and 8 four-part fractures. Results Union occurred at a mean of 3 months. Fifty-five patients had Constant-Murley scores with a mean score of 64.9. Mean Constant-Murley was 59.9 for over 70s, 69.7 in under 70s, 68.0 in 2-part fractures, 67.5 in 3-part fractures, 36.6 in 4-part fractures, 50.6 in post-operative varus, 73.5 in post-operative neutral, 72.7 in post-operative valgus, 55.5 in medial metaphyseal comminution and 69.5 without comminution. Fifty-four patients had Oxford Shoulder scores with a mean score of 21.7. Conclusions The T2-PHN has a learning curve. Important points include adequate recessing of the nail tip and suturing of tuberosities. The best results can be expected in under 70s, 2 and 3-part fractures, patients without medial metaphyseal comminution and patients with neutral post-operative neck-shaft alignment.
The Arkansas Valley “Super Ditch”— An Analysis of Potential Economic Impacts1
Authors: McMahon Tyler G. , Smith Mark Griffin 
Published: October 2012

McMahon, Tyler G. and Mark Griffin Smith, 2012. The Arkansas Valley “Super Ditch”— An Analysis of Potential Economic Impacts. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 00(0):000‐000. 1‐12. DOI: 10.1111/jawr.12005Abstract:  In Colorado’s Arkansas River basin, urban growth and harsh farming conditions have resulted in water transfers from agricultural to urban uses. Several studies have shown that these transfers have significant secondary economic impacts associated with the removal of irrigated land from production. In response, new methods of sharing water are being developed to allow water transfers that benefit both farm and urban economies, compared with previous permanent transfers that negatively impacted surrounding farm communities. One such project currently under development is the Arkansas Valley “Super Ditch,” which is a rotational crop fallowing plan based on long‐term water leasing designed to provide an annual supply of 25,000 acre‐feet of water (31.6 Mm3). This article analyzes the net benefits of implementing the “Super Ditch” for both the farmers and the surrounding community.