bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fatty acid composition, physicochemical properties, antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of apple seed oil obtained from apple pomace
Authors: Walia Mayanka , Rawat Kiran , Bhushan Shashi , Padwad Yogendra S , Singh Bikram 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDApple pomace is generated in huge quantities in juice‐processing industries the world over and continuous efforts are being made for its inclusive utilization. In this study, apple seeds separated from industrial pomace were used for extraction of oil. The fatty acid composition, physicochemical and antioxidant as well as in vitro anticancer properties of extracted oil were studied to assess its suitability in food and therapeutic applications.RESULTSThe fatty acid composition of seed oil revealed the dominance of oleic (46.50%) and linoleic acid (43.81%). It had high iodine (121.8 g I 100 g−1) and saponification value (184.91 mg KOH g−1 oil). The acid value, refractive index and relative density were 4.28 mg KOH g−1, 1.47 and 0.97 mg mL−1, respectively. The antioxidant potential (IC50) of apple seed oil was 40.06 µg mL−1. Cytotoxicity of apple seed oil against CHOK1, SiHa and A549 cancer cell lines ranged between 0.5 ± 0.06% and 88.6 ± 0.3%.CONCLUSIONThe physicochemical properties of apple seed oil were comparable with edible food oil, indicating its better stability and broad application in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Apple seed oil could be a good source of natural antioxidants. Also, the in vitro cytotoxic activity against specific cell lines exhibited its potential as an anticancer agent. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Traditional foods for health: screening of the antioxidant capacity and phenolic content of selected Black Sea area local foods
Authors: Danesi Francesca , Pasini Federica , Caboni Maria Fiorenza , D'Antuono Luigi Filippo , Bordoni on behalf of the BaSeFood Consortium Alessandra 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe nutritional characteristics of the Black Sea area (BSA) traditional foods are almost unknown, and they could be interesting sources of antioxidant compounds. In this study, carried out within the BaSeFood project, the in vitro total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and phenolic content of 39 BSA traditional foods were determined using different assays.RESULTSAn ample range of TAC and phenolics content was detected in the examined foods that were ranked according to their scavenging activity expressed per weight unit and per serving size. Based on serving size, the highest TAC was in the order blueberries > nettle soup > sunflower seeds, and the fruits/fruit‐based foods group was the one having the highest activity. Correlation analysis evidenced that the TAC is highly dependent on total phenolic content, while hydroxycinnamic acids and compounds having o‐diphenolic structure did not show specific prominent effects. Finally, correlations between the two methods used for measuring the TAC suggest that they are both suitable in a wide range of foods.CONCLUSIONOur data represent the first contribution to further research on the health effects of BSA traditional foods. This could enhance the interest of consumers, with potential benefits to stakeholders at all levels of the production chain. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Kinetics of Hydrolysis of Bisoprolol Hemifumarate in Aqueous Acidic Solutions
Authors: Szalka Mateusz , Rokaszewski Edward , Kaczmarski Krzysztof 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThe kinetics of hydrolysis of bisoprolol hemifumarate in acidic conditions was studied using high‐performance liquid chromatography. For this purpose, different hydrohalic acids and one weak carboxylic acid were used. The rate constants, the order of the reaction, and the activation parameters: enthalpy, entropy, and energy of activation were calculated. A proposition for the mechanism of degradation was provided.
Genetic susceptibility to chronic otitis media with effusion: Candidate gene single nucleotide polymorphisms
Authors: MacArthur Carol J. , Wilmot Beth , Wang Linda , Schuller Michael , Lighthall Jessyka , Trune Dennis 
Published: August 2013

Objectives/HypothesisThe genetic factors leading to a predisposition to otitis media are not well understood. The objective of the current study was to develop a tag‐single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panel to determine if there is an association between candidate gene polymorphisms and the development of chronic otitis media with effusion.Study DesignA 1:1 case/control design of 100 cases and 100 controls was used. The study was limited to the chronic otitis media with effusion phenotype to increase the population homogeneity.MethodsA panel of 192 tag‐SNPs was selected. Saliva for DNA extraction was collected from 100 chronic otitis media with effusion cases and 100 controls. After quality control, 100 case and 79 control samples were available for hybridization. Genomic DNA from each subject was hybridized to the SNP probes, and genotypes were generated. Quality control across all samples and SNPs reduced the final SNPs used for analysis to 170. Each SNP was then analyzed for statistical association with chronic otitis media with effusion.ResultsEight SNPs from four genes had an unadjusted P value of <.05 for association with the chronic otitis media with effusion phenotype (TLR4, MUC5B, SMAD2, SMAD4); five of these polymorphisms were in the TLR4 gene.ConclusionsEven though these results need to be replicated in a novel population, the presence of five SNPs in the TLR4 gene having association with chronic otitis media with effusion in our study population lends evidence for the possible role of this gene in the susceptibility to otitis media.Level of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 124:1229–1235, 2014
The nasopharyngeal tube: A simple and effective tool to indicate the need for uvulopalatopharyngoplasty
Authors: Li Shuhua , Wu Dahai , Bao Jimin , Shi Hongjin 
Published: August 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo compare polysomnography (PSG) data after nasopharyngeal tube (NPT) insertion and uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP), and explore the possibility of predicting UPPP outcomes with NPT‐PSG.Study DesignProspective nonrandomized study.MethodsPSG was performed after NPT insertion in 73 inpatients with obstructive sleep apnea‐hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). All patients accepted UPPP surgery. PSG was repeated after 12 months of UPPP to assess curative effects. Data were then compared to correlate NPT‐PSG with the efficacy of UPPP.ResultsNPT insertion decreased the overall apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) and increased the lowest oxygen saturation (LaSO2). NPT‐PSG results correlated well with surgical outcomes 12 months post‐UPPP. The correlation coefficient for AHI and LaSO2 were 0.571 (P < .001) and 0.268 (P = .033), respectively. Next, enrolled patients were divided into two groups based on NPT‐PSG results: group A, AHI <15 times/hr, 50 cases; group B, AHI ≥15 times/hr, 23 cases. The UPPP surgery success rates of the two groups were 86.0% and 39.1%, respectively.ConclusionsNPT‐PSG data are closely correlated with UPPP efficacy and may assist in the selection of appropriate OSAHS patients for UPPP. An AHI ≥15 times/hr after NPT insertion indicates glossopharyngeal obstruction and suggests the need for appropriate intervention.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 124:1023–1028, 2014
Systematic test of neurotoxin dose and volume on muscle function in a rat model
Authors: Hulst Jonah B. , Minamoto Viviane B. , Lim Michael B. , Bremner Shannon N. , Ward Samuel R. , Lieber Richard L. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Onabotulinum toxin serotype A (BT‐A) is used for a variety of motor and sensory disorders related to abnormal muscle activity. Methods: We developed a high‐resolution rodent model to allow precise determination of the effect of BT‐A dose (measured in units) and injectate volume (measured in μl) on the efficacy of the injection and systemic side effects. Dorsiflexion is the best indicator of injected and contralateral muscle function. Results: One month after injection, dorsiflexion torque of BT‐A‐injected limbs was decreased significantly in all experimental groups compared with saline controls (P < 0.05). Torque was also compared among the BT‐A groups, which demonstrated a significant effect of dose (P < 0.001), but no effect of volume (P > 0.2) and no dose × volume interaction (P > 0.3). Similar results were observed for other parameters measured. Conclusions: These data demonstrate that injection dose and not volume or concentration is the primary determinant of neurotoxin efficacy in a rodent model. Muscle Nerve 49: 709–715, 2014
Withdrawal reflexes in the upper limb adapt to arm posture and stimulus location
Authors: Peterson Carrie L. , Riley Zachary A. , Krepkovich Eileen T. , Murray Wendy M. , Perreault Eric J. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Withdrawal reflexes in the leg adapt in a context‐appropriate manner to remove the limb from noxious stimuli, but the extent to which withdrawal reflexes adapt in the arm remains unknown. Methods: We examined the adaptability of withdrawal reflexes in response to nociceptive stimuli applied in different arm postures and to different digits. Reflexes were elicited at rest, and kinetic and electromyographic responses were recorded under isometric conditions, thereby allowing motorneuron pool excitability to be controlled. Results: Endpoint force changed from a posterior–lateral direction in a flexed posture to predominantly a posterior direction in a more extended posture [change in force angle (mean ± standard deviation) 35.6 ± 5.0°], and the force direction changed similarly with digit I stimulation compared with digit V (change = 22.9 ± 2.9°). Conclusions: The withdrawal reflex in the human upper limb adapts in a functionally relevant manner when elicited at rest. Muscle Nerve 49: 716–723, 2014
Short‐term overeating results in incomplete energy intake compensation regardless of energy density or macronutrient composition
Authors: Apolzan John W. , Bray George A. , Hamilton Marc T. , Zderic Theodore W. , Han Hongmei , Champagne Catherine M. , Shepard Desti , Martin Corby K. 
Published: August 2013

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of overeating (140% of energy requirements) a high‐fat low‐energy density diet (HF/LED, 1.05 kcal/g), high‐fat high‐energy density diet (HF/HED, 1.60 kcal/g), and high‐carbohydrate (HC) LED (1.05 kcal/g) for 2‐days on subsequent 4‐day energy intake (EI), activity levels, appetite, and mood.Design and MethodsUsing a randomized cross‐over design, energy expenditure and EI were standardized during overeating.ResultsIn 20 adults with a mean ± SD BMI of 30.7 ± 4.6 kg/m2, EI was not suppressed until the second day after overeating and accounted for ∼30% of the excess EI. Reductions in EI did not differ among the three diets or across days. Overeating had no effect on subsequent energy expenditure but steps/day decreased after the HC/LED and HF/HED. Sleep time was increased after the HF/HED compared to both LEDs. After overeating a HF/HED vs. HF/LED, carbohydrate cravings, hunger, prospective food consumption, and sadness increased and satisfaction, relaxation, and tranquility decreased.ConclusionsDiet type, time, or their interaction had no impact on compensation over 4 days. No adaptive thermogenesis was observed. The HF/HED vs. HF/LED had detrimental effects on food cravings, appetite, and mood. These results suggest short‐term overeating is associated with incomplete compensation.
Time series analyses of the effect of FDA communications on use of prescription weight loss medications
Authors: Block Jason P. , Choudhry Niteesh K. , Carpenter Daniel P. , Fischer Michael A. , Brennan Troyen A. , Tong Angela Y. , Matlin Olga S. , Shrank William H. 
Published: August 2013

ObjectiveTo determine the impact of FDA safety communications regarding the weight loss medications sibutramine and orlistat.MethodsThe 2008 to 2011 pharmacy claims data from CVS Caremark were used to determine the effect of the relevant FDA warnings on (1) use of sibutramine and orlistat, (2) their rates of discontinuation, and (3) substitution to an alternate weight loss medication in the 3‐month period following discontinuation.ResultsThe use of sibutramine, orlistat, or phentermine declined from 45 users per 100,000 Caremark enrollees in May 2008 to 24 users per 100,000 enrollees in December 2010. In the time series analyses of overall use of medications, a very small decline in the trend of use of sibutramine after the FDA communication (0.000002% per month decline after the communication; P < 0.001) was found. However, rates of discontinuation of sibutramine and orlistat were similar before and after relevant FDA communications (all P values >0.1 for both level and trend changes post‐warning). Patients discontinuing sibutramine post‐communication increased use of phentermine at a rate of 0.004% per month after discontinuation (P = 0.01).ConclusionFrom 2008 to 2010, use of prescription weight loss medications was low and declined over time. FDA communications regarding the safety of these medications had limited effect on use.
Plasma dihydroceramide species associate with waist circumference in Mexican American families
Authors: Mamtani Manju , Meikle Peter J. , Kulkarni Hemant , Weir Jacquelyn M. , Barlow Christopher K. , Jowett Jeremy B. , Bellis Claire , Dyer Thomas D. , Almasy Laura , Mahaney Michael C. , Duggirala Ravindranath , Comuzzie Anthony G. , Blangero John , Curran Joanne E. 
Published: August 2013

ObjectiveWaist circumference (WC), the clinical marker of central obesity, is gaining popularity as a screening tool for type 2 diabetes (T2D). While there is epidemiologic evidence favoring the WC‐T2D association, its biological substantiation is generally weak. Our objective was to determine the independent association of plasma lipid repertoire with WC.MethodsSamples and data from the San Antonio Family Heart Study of 1208 Mexican Americans from 42 extended families were used. Association of plasma lipidomic profiles with the cross‐sectionally assessed WC was determined. Plasma lipidomic profiling entailed liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. Statistical analyses included multivariable polygenic regression models and bivariate trait analyses using the SOLAR software.ResultsAfter adjusting for age and sex interactions, body mass index, homeostasis model of assessment—insulin resistance, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoproteins and use of lipid lowering drugs, dihydroceramides as a class were associated with WC. Dihydroceramide species 18:0, 20:0, 22:0, and 24:1 were significantly associated and genetically correlated with WC. Two sphingomyelin species (31:1 and 41:1) were also associated with WC.ConclusionsPlasma dihydroceramide levels independently associate with WC. Thus, high resolution plasma lipidomic studies can provide further credence to the biological underpinnings of the association of WC with T2D.
Psychotropic medication use in adolescents with intellectual disability living in the community
Authors: Doan Tan , Ware Robert , McPherson Lyn , van Dooren Kate , Bain Christopher , Carrington Suzanne , Einfeld Stewart , Tonge Bruce , Lennox Nicholas 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTPurposeInformation on the use of psychotropic medications in adolescents with intellectual disability is scant. Such information can guide interventions to improve psychotropic medication use in this population. We investigated the prevalence of, and factors associated with, psychotropic medication use in adolescents with intellectual disability in Australia who live in the community.MethodsCross‐sectional data were obtained from adolescents with intellectual disability living in the community in South East Queensland, Australia, between February 2007 and September 2010. Self‐reported information on medication use was extracted from a health screening tool. Demographic and medical data were collected through parent/caregiver surveys. Medications were classified according to the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification system. Psychopathology was assessed using the Developmental Behaviour Checklist Short Form. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association of demographic and medical characteristics with psychotropic medication use.ResultsThere were 176 participants (median age = 16 years, range = 11–19 years; 55% male). Psychotropics were used by 20% of participants. Psychostimulants were the commonest psychotropic class, used by 9% of participants. Multipsychotropic prescribing was not common with only seven participants using more than one psychotropic agent. After adjusting for potentially confounding variables, use of psychotropic medications was significantly associated with male gender (adjusted odds ratio = 3.6; 95% confidence interval = 1.3–9.5) and having major behaviour problems (3.1; 1.1–8.9).ConclusionsAdolescents with intellectual disability use a wide range of psychotropic medications. Being male and having major behaviour problems are associated with the use of psychotropic medications. Research examining the rationale for psychotropic prescribing in this population is needed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A historical review of urban climatology and the atmospheres of the industrialized world
Authors: Janković Vladimir 
Published: August 2013

Although the scientific research in the atmospheres of urban space has been long in existence, it has still not found its proper place in the contemporary historical analysis. The historical emphasis on large‐scale phenomena and the advent of numerical weather prediction has occluded the scientific relevance and social dimension of investigations into small‐scale atmospheric processes. As a result, agricultural, forest, urban, and indoor meteorologies have received relatively little attention to date, as have micro‐climatology, turbulence studies, and the air pollution meteorology. This article provides an outline of the historical and contemporary studies of urban weather and climate in Europe and North America. It looks into the origins of the field, the evolution of main topics of research, and the processes of disciplinary institutionalization. The article suggests that a closer inspection of the developments in urban climatology would permit a more representative account of modern atmospheric sciences and provide a more comprehensive understanding of the contemporary concerns over the anthropogenic climate change.WIREs Clim Change2013, 4:539–553. doi: 10.1002/wcc.244This article is categorized under:Climate, History, Society, Culture > Disciplinary Perspectives
Substitutable habitats? The biophysical and anthropogenic drivers of an exotic bird’s distribution
Authors: Davis Amélie Y. , Malas Nur , Minor Emily S. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The spread and distribution of exotic species depends on a number of factors, both anthropogenic and biophysical. The importance of each factor may vary geographically, making it difficult to predict where a species will spread. In this paper, we examine the factors that influence the distribution of monk parakeets (Myiopsitta monachus), a parrot native to South America that has become established in the United States. We use monk parakeet observations gathered from citizen-science datasets to inform a series of random forest models that examine the relative importance of biophysical and anthropogenic variables in different regions of the United States. We find that while the distribution of monk parakeets in the southern US is best explained by biophysical variables such as January dew point temperature and forest cover, the distribution of monk parakeets in the northern US appears to be limited to urban environments. Our results suggest that monk parakeets are unlikely to spread outside of urban environments in the northern United States, as they are not adapted to the climatic conditions in that region. We extend the notion of “substitutable habitats,” previously applied to different habitats in the same landscape, to exotic species in novel landscapes (e.g., cities). These novel landscapes provide resources and environmental conditions that, although very different from the species’ native habitat, still enable them to become established. Our results highlight the importance of understanding the regionally-specific factors that allow an exotic species to become established, which is key to predicting their expansion beyond areas of introduction.
Using a Strong Anion‐Exchange Resin to Deacidify Red Palm Oil
Authors: Cuevas Maitê S. , Deboni Taiana M. , Mielke Neto Paulo , Damasceno Fabiolla S. , Mota Rafael V. , da Silva Luiza H. M. , Rodrigues Christianne E. C. , Meirelles Antonio J. A. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis work aims to evaluate the use of an alternative process to deacidify palm oil using a strong anion‐exchange resin (Amberlyst A26 OH). The effects of the feed flow rate and the free fatty acids content in the feed stream were investigated by measuring breakthrough curves for bleached palm oil dissolved in n‐propanol. The resin had sufficient capacity and affinity to remove palmitic and oleic acids (98–99 %). The bed utilization efficiency can be optimized by choosing lower flow rates for oils with low levels of acidity, while higher flow rates can be used for oils with higher free fatty acids content. The ion‐exchange process can be used to obtain deacidified red palm oil, while preserving carotenoid and tocopherol/tocotrienol content. This alternative process has the advantage of occurring under mild conditions (44.0 ± 0.8 °C and atmospheric pressure) when compared with the conditions used in molecular distillation (150.0–170.0 °C and 2.7–3.3 Pa).
Oxidative Stability and Sensory Attributes of Fermented Milk Product Fortified with Fish Oil and Marine Phospholipids
Authors: Lu F. S. H. , Thomsen B. R. , Hyldig G. , Green‐Petersen D. M. B. , Nielsen N. S. , Baron C. P. , Jacobsen C. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractMarine phospholipids (PL) are potential ingredients for food fortification due to its numerous advantages. The main objective of this study was to investigate whether a fermented milk product fortified with a mixture of marine PL and fish oil had better oxidative stability than a fermented milk product fortified with fish oil alone. Fortification of a fermented milk product with marine PL was performed by incorporating 1 % w/w lipids, either in the form of neat oil or in the form of a pre‐emulsion. Lipid oxidation was investigated in the neat emulsions and fortified products by the measurements of primary, secondary volatile oxidation products and tocopherol content upon 32 days storage at 2 °C and 28 days storage at 5 °C, respectively. Analyses of particle size distribution, viscosity and microbial growth were also performed. In addition, sensory attributes such as sour, fishy and rancid flavor/odor were evaluated in fortified products by a trained panel. The results obtained showed that incorporation of a mixture of marine PL and fish oil into fermented milk products decreased the oxidative stability and sensory quality of fortified products. The pH‐dependent behavior of iron seemed to be the main factor that influenced the lipid oxidation in the marine PL emulsion and fermented milk system. In addition, both oxidative stability and sensory acceptability of fortified products varied depending on the quality of the marine PL used for fortification.
Mechanized metatheory for a $$\lambda $$-calculus with trust types
Authors: Ribeiro Rodrigo , Figueiredo Lucília , Camarão Carlos 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
As computer programs become increasingly complex, techniques for ensuring trustworthiness of information manipulated by them become critical. In this work, we use the Coq proof assistant to formalise a

$$\lambda $$

λ

-calculus with trust types, originally formulated by Ørbæk and Palsberg. We give formal proofs of type soundness, erasure and simulation theorems and also prove decidability of the typing problem. As a result of our formalisation a certified type checker is derived.