bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inequity in Formal Health Care Use: Evidence from Rural Bangladesh
Authors: Hamid Syed Abdul , Ahsan Syed M. , Begum Afroza , Asif Chowdhury Abdullah Al 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis paper analyses inequity in formal health care use in rural Bangladesh using data from a survey conducted of 4010 households drawn from 120 villages. We find that the use of formal health care is incredibly low (40 per cent); about two‐thirds of which is private health care, and only one‐fourth utilises public sector facilities. Inequity favours the better off, although the level of inequity is modest. Prevailing inequity resides mainly in the utilisation of private health care while non‐communicable diseases contribute significantly. Thus, the main public health concern in rural areas of Bangladesh is the low utilisation of formal health care (especially public health care), not inequity. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of radiographers’ mammography screen‐reading accuracy in Australia
Authors: Debono Josephine C. , Poulos Ann E. , Houssami Nehmat , Turner Robin M. , Boyages John 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIntroductionThis study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of radiographers’ screen‐reading mammograms. Currently, radiologist workforce shortages may be compromising the BreastScreen Australia screening program goal to detect early breast cancer. The solution to a similar problem in the United Kingdom has successfully encouraged radiographers to take on the role as one of two screen‐readers. Prior to consideration of this strategy in Australia, educational and experiential differences between radiographers in the United Kingdom and Australia emphasise the need for an investigation of Australian radiographers’ screen‐reading accuracy.MethodsTen radiographers employed by the Westmead Breast Cancer Institute with a range of radiographic (median = 28 years), mammographic (median = 13 years) and BreastScreen (median = 8 years) experience were recruited to blindly and independently screen‐read an image test set of 500 mammograms, without formal training. The radiographers indicated the presence of an abnormality using BI‐RADS®. Accuracy was determined by comparison with the gold standard of known outcomes of pathology results, interval matching and client 6‐year follow‐up.ResultsIndividual sensitivity and specificity levels ranged between 76.0% and 92.0%, and 74.8% and 96.2% respectively. Pooled screen‐reader accuracy across the radiographers estimated sensitivity as 82.2% and specificity as 89.5%. Areas under the reading operating characteristic curve ranged between 0.842 and 0.923.ConclusionsThis sample of radiographers in an Australian setting have adequate accuracy levels when screen‐reading mammograms. It is expected that with formal screen‐reading training, accuracy levels will improve, and with support, radiographers have the potential to be one of the two screen‐readers in the BreastScreen Australia program, contributing to timeliness and improved program outcomes.
Spray forming of high density sheets
Authors: Meyer C. , Ellendt N. , Mädler L. , Müller H. R. , Reimer F. , Uhlenwinkel V. 
Published: August 2014

Porosity is one of the most important quality criteria of spray‐formed materials in the as‐sprayed condition. Typically, spray‐formed sheets have a porous rim close to the substrate and depending on the spray conditions cold or hot porosity may also be present in the core of the deposit. This porosity has to be removed or minimized to make further processing steps such as rolling, forging or extrusion possible.In this paper, the influence of both substrate temperature and deposit surface temperature on porosity in spray‐formed sheets is studied.For this purpose spray forming experiments (sheet size 1000 mm × 250 mm) were carried out using three different materials: aluminium‐bronze, tin‐bronze and a nitriding steel. For the copper‐base alloys preheated steel‐substrates with different temperatures were moved through a scanning spray cone. In the case of steel a ceramic substrate at room temperature was used. In addition to the variation of the substrate temperature, the gas to metal mass flow ratio (GMR) was varied to achieve different deposit surface temperatures. During the run the surface temperature in the deposition zone was measured using a scanning, multi‐wavelength pyrometer. Samples of the deposits were polished and rasterized by light microscopy. The local porosity was characterized by digital image analysis.The influence of the substrate temperature and the GMR on the porosity in the vicinity of the substrate is evaluated and discussed in detail. The impact of the deposit surface temperature on the porosity was analyzed and is discussed as well. It was found that the deposit surface temperature has a strong impact on porosity for spray‐formed sheets.Finally, experimental results were used to develop a new approach to predict the porosity in spray‐formed sheets. The results clearly show the dependence on material properties. This approach can be used to identify process parameters to generate high density sheets in the future.
The PAX2‐null immunophenotype defines multiple lineages with common expression signatures in benign and neoplastic oviductal epithelium
Authors: Ning Gang , Bijron Jonathan G , Yamamoto Yusuke , Wang Xia , Howitt Brooke E , Herfs Michael , Yang Eric , Hong Yue , Cornille Maxence , Wu Lingyan , Hanamornroongruang Suchanan , McKeon Frank D , Crum Christopher P , Xian Wa 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe oviducts contain high‐grade serous cancer (HGSC) precursors (serous tubal intraepithelial neoplasia or STINs), which are γ‐H2AXp‐ and TP53 mutation‐positive. Although they express wild‐type p53, secretory cell outgrowths (SCOUTs) are associated with older age and serous cancer; moreover, both STINs and SCOUTs share a loss of PAX2 expression (PAX2n). We evaluated PAX2 expression in proliferating adult and embryonic oviductal cells, normal mucosa, SCOUTs, Walthard cell nests (WCNs), STINs, and HGSCs, and the expression of genes chosen empirically or from SCOUT expression arrays. Clones generated in vitro from embryonic gynaecological tract and adult Fallopian tube were Krt7p/PAX2n/EZH2p and underwent ciliated (PAX2n/EZH2n/FOXJ1p) and basal (Krt7n/EZH2n/Krt5p) differentiation. Similarly, non‐ciliated cells in normal mucosa were PAX2p but became PAX2n in multi‐layered epithelium undergoing ciliated or basal (WCN) cell differentiation. PAX2n SCOUTs fell into two groups: type 1 were secretory or secretory/ciliated with a ‘tubal’ phenotype and were ALDH1n and β‐cateninmem (membraneous only). Type 2 displayed a columnar to pseudostratified (endometrioid) phenotype, with an EZH2p, ALDH1p, β‐cateninnc (nuclear and cytoplasmic), stathminp, LEF1p, RCN1p, and RUNX2p expression signature. STINs and HGSCs shared the type 1 immunophenotype of PAX2n, ALDH1n, β‐cateninmem, but highly expressed EZH2p, LEF1p, RCN1p, and stathminp. This study, for the first time, links PAX2n with proliferating fetal and adult oviductal cells undergoing basal and ciliated differentiation and shows that this expression state is maintained in SCOUTs, STINs, and HGSCs. All three entities can demonstrate a consistent perturbation of genes involved in potential tumour suppressor gene silencing (EZH2), transcriptional regulation (LEF1), regulation of differentiation (RUNX2), calcium binding (RCN1), and oncogenesis (stathmin). This shared expression signature between benign and neoplastic entities links normal progenitor cell expansion to abnormal and neoplastic outgrowth in the oviduct and exposes a common pathway that could be a target for early prevention. Copyright © 2014 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
One‐pot synthesis of linear‐ and three‐arm star‐tetrablock quarterpolymers via sequential metal‐free ring‐opening polymerization using a “catalyst switch” strategy
Authors: Zhao Junpeng , Pahovnik David , Gnanou Yves , Hadjichristidis Nikos 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTA “catalyst switch” strategy has been used to sequentially polymerize four different heterocyclic monomers. In the first step, epoxides (1,2‐butylene oxide and ethylene oxide) were successively polymerized from a monohydroxy or trihydroxy initiator in the presence of a strong phosphazene base promoter (t‐BuP4). Then, an excess of diphenyl phosphate (DPP) was introduced, followed by addition and polymerization of a cyclic carbonate (trimethylene carbonate) and a cyclic ester (δ‐valerolactone or ε‐caprolactone). DPP acted as both neutralizer of the phosphazenium alkoxide (polyether chain end) and activator of the cyclic carbonate/ester. Using this method, linear‐ and star‐tetrablock quarterpolymers were prepared in one pot. This work is emphasizing the strength of the previously developed catalyst switch strategy for the facile metal‐free synthesis of complex macromolecular architectures. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 304–312
Efficacy of thiamethoxam and fipronil, applied alone and in combination, to control Limonius californicus and Hypnoidus bicolor (Coleoptera: Elateridae)
Authors: Morales‐Rodriguez Anuar , Wanner Kevin W 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDWireworms, the larval stage of click beetles (family Elateridae), are significant soil pests of wheat and barley crops in the Pacific Northwest. At present, few pest management alternatives exist. For several decades, wireworms were effectively controlled by first‐generation insecticides applied to the soil or as seed treatments. Currently used neonicotinoid insecticides protect crop seeds and germinating seedlings by temporary toxicity but limited mortality. As a result, field populations may increase, reaching levels too high for crop protection. In this study an investigation was made of the combination of two insecticides to achieve crop protection as well as insect mortality in wheat fields.RESULTSLaboratory bioassays using wheat seed treated with fipronil at 1.0 and 5.0 g AI 100 kg−1 seed resulted in 72–90% mortality of two wireworm species, Limonius californicus and Hypnoidus bicolor. At a rate of 39 g AI 100 kg−1 seed, 8 times higher than the high rate of fipronil, thiamethoxam caused only 10–31% larval mortality in the bioassays, but did protect developing wheat stands from damage in field trials. Field plots planted with wheat seed treated with both fipronil (5.0 g AI 100 kg−1 seed) and thiamethoxam (39.0 g AI 100 kg−1 seed) had 83% fewer wireworms the following year compared with untreated check plots. No reduction in population was observed in plots treated with 39.0 g of thiamethoxam alone.CONCLUSIONSFipronil and thiamethoxam can be combined as a seed treatment to protect wheat crops from wireworm damage and reduce larval populations in the field. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Does Unconscious Stress Play a Role in Prolonged Cardiovascular Stress Recovery?
Authors: Brosschot J. F. , Geurts S. A. E. , Kruizinga I. , Radstaak M. , Verkuil B. , Quirin M. , Kompier M. A. J. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAccording to recent insights, humans might not be aware of a substantial part of their cognitive stress representations while these still have prolonged physiological effects. ‘Unconscious stress’ can be measured by implicit affect (IA) tests. It was shown that IA predicts physiological stress responses, in fact better than explicit (‘conscious’) affect. It is not known yet whether IA is associated with concurrent prolonged stress responses.In two studies (n = 62 and 123), anger harassment was used to induce stress. Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were measured continuously. During BP and HR recovery, IA was measured by an ‘anger’ version of the implicit association test (IAT) or the implicit positive and negative affect test (IPANAT).Blood pressure and HR increased during anger harassment and recovery afterwards. When using the IPANAT BP recovery levels were lower when positive IA was high and higher when negative IA was high, independent of explicit affect and rumination. These results were not found using the IAT.These results provide preliminary evidence that physiological stress recovery is associated with IA. This is in line with the theory that unconscious stress is responsible for a—possibly considerable—part of unhealthy prolonged stress‐related physiological activity. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Need Satisfaction during Free Evening Hours: Examining Its Role in Daily Recovery
Authors: van Hooff Madelon L. M. , Geurts Sabine A. E. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe present study aimed to shed light on the role of satisfaction of the three basic psychological needs for autonomy, relatedness and competence in the recovery process during free evening hours. We examined to what extent (1) need satisfaction during free evening hours contributed to employees' recovery status before bedtime and (2) employees' recovery status at the end of the workday affected their subsequent need satisfaction. Vigour and (low) anxiety were included as indicators of recovery. Data were collected by means of a 5‐day daily diary study (two measurements daily: at the end of the workday and before bedtime) among 64 participants. Multilevel analyses showed that need satisfaction during free evening hours was related to an improved recovery status (i.e. increased levels of vigour and decreased levels of anxiety) before bedtime. Furthermore, results showed that employees with a lower recovery status at the end of their workday reported less need satisfaction during the subsequent free evening. With these results, it can be concluded that employees who would benefit the most from satisfaction of their basic psychological needs have the least resources available to actually achieve this satisfaction. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vacation Effects on Behaviour, Cognition and Emotions of Compulsive and Non‐compulsive Workers: Do Obsessive Workers Go ‘Cold Turkey’?
Authors: de Bloom Jessica , Radstaak Mirjam , Geurts Sabine 
Published: August 2014

AbstractCompulsive workers often face psychological and physical health disturbances because of working long hours and an obsessive preoccupation with work during off‐job time. Prolonged respite episodes may either relief these employees from their daily stressors to recover or trigger withdrawal symptoms. Our research question was as follows: How do (1) work hours, (2) rumination and (3) affective well‐being unfold for compulsive workers compared with non‐compulsive workers across long vacations?In a longitudinal field study, work hours, rumination and affective well‐being were assessed in 54 employees 2 weeks before, during and in the first, second and fourth week after a long summer vacation. Working compulsively was assessed 3 weeks before vacation.Work hours decreased during and increased after vacation. Levels of rumination dropped during vacation and remained below baseline until 2 weeks after vacation. Initial differences in rumination between obsessive and non‐obsessive workers disappeared during and directly after vacation. Affective well‐being rose during vacation and returned to baseline directly after vacation. Increases in affective well‐being during vacation as well as decreases after vacation were greater in obsessive workers than in non‐obsessive workers.Vacations seem to temporarily offset characteristic differences between obsessive and non‐obsessive workers, decrease rumination and improve affective well‐being. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
From Recovery to Regulation: An Attempt to Reconceptualize ‘Recovery from Work’
Authors: Zijlstra F. R. H. , Cropley M. , Rydstedt L. W. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe concept of ‘recovery’ (from work) has quickly gained in importance in the occupational health literature. However, we think that the conceptualization of ‘recovery’ needs some more attention. Although many authors acknowledge that ‘recovery’ refers to a ‘process’, the concept is often treated as a static construct. In this paper, we argue that recovery should be conceptualized as a dynamic construct related to changes in psychophysiological state of the person. We refer to two main theories that have provided a theoretical framework for research in this area: Meijman & Mulder's Effort‐Recovery (E‐R) model and Hobfoll's Conservation of Resources theory.In particular, the E‐R model has been seminal in this area and stresses the element of changing psychophysiological states that has been used for reconceptualising ‘recovery’. Various biological rhythms influence these changing psychophysiological states, and thus the level of energy (or effort) a person can mobilize or wants to mobilize. A distinction is made between ‘physical fatigue’ and ‘mental fatigue’ and its consequences for recovery. The discrepancy between ‘actual state’ and ‘required state’ has been suggested as the basis for ‘recovery’. This emphasises that recovery is a dynamic and ongoing process, which also included motivational aspects, in particular as far as mental work is concerned.The capacity to maintain self‐regulation of one's psychophysiological state is important in this respect. Thus, we propose that ‘recovery’ is the continuous process of harmonizing the ‘actual state’ with the state that is ‘required’ at that moment. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Agile practices adapted to mass‐market application development
Authors: Heredia Alberto , Garcia‐Guzman Javier , Amescua‐Seco Antonio , Velasco‐Diego Manuel 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTMobile app markets have experienced a significant growth during the last year. The increasing number of apps available on markets and the profits that developers and companies obtain are relevant enough to seriously consider the way apps are developed. The always‐changing environment in which apps are produced makes agile a convenient methodology to follow. Although agile allows the development team to quickly adjust the requisites to the new customer's needs, there is a lack of research on how agile methodologies can be explicitly adapted to develop mass‐market applications. Many references explain how to design and code a mobile app, but there is not much knowledge about other stages in the development process. Adapting an agile methodology to the development of mass‐market applications would provide project teams with a clear guide to successfully produce an app without missing any step in the process. This paper describes a case study in which an agile mass‐market application development process is followed. The proposed process also considers marketing issues as they are necessary to publicize a mass‐market application. This process has been followed and refined for several years in the development of the institutional apps at Carlos III University of Madrid. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non‐Local Atomic Manipulation on Semiconductor Surfaces in the STM: The Case of Chlorobenzene on Si(111)‐7×7
Authors: Pan Tianluo , Sloan Peter A. , Palmer Richard E. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractControl over individual atoms with the scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) holds the tantalising prospect of atomic‐scale construction, but is limited by its “one atom at a time” serial nature. “Remote control” through non‐local STM manipulation—as we have demonstrated in the case of chlorobenzene on Si(111)‐7×7—offers a new avenue for future “bottom‐up” nanofabrication, since hundreds of chemical reactions may be carried out in parallel. Thus a good understanding of the non‐local manipulation process, as provided by recent experiments, is important. Comparison of scanning tunnelling spectroscopy (STS) measurements of the bare Si(111)‐7×7 surface and chemisorbed chlorobenzene molecules with the voltage dependence of the non‐local STM‐induced desorption of chlorobenzene proves particularly instructive. For example, the chlorobenzene LUMO appears at +0.9 V with respect to the Fermi level, whereas non‐local manipulation thresholds are found at +2.1 V and +2.7 V. This difference supports a picture in which the voltage thresholds for non‐local electron‐induced desorption depend principally on the energies of the electronic states of the surface. Furthermore, the demonstration that the non‐local process is largely insensitive to surface steps up to five layers in height suggests that either the electron transport in this process is subsurface in character or surface charge transport is responsible but is in some way unaffected by the steps.
A lookback scheduling framework for long‐term quality of service over multiple cells
Authors: Abou‐zeid Hatem , Hassanein Hossam S. , Valentin Stefan , Feteiha Mohamed F. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn current cellular networks, schedulers allocate wireless channel resources to users based on instantaneous channel gains and short‐term moving averages of user rates and queue lengths. By using only such short‐term information, schedulers ignore the users' service history in previous cells and, thus, cannot guarantee long‐term quality of service (QoS) when users traverse multiple cells with varying load and capacity. In this paper, we propose a new long‐term lookback scheduling (LLS) framework, which extends conventional short‐term scheduling with long‐term (QoS) information from previously traversed cells. We demonstrate the application of (LLS) for common channel aware, as well as channel and queue‐aware schedulers. The developed long‐term schedulers also provide a controllable trade‐off between emphasizing the immediate user (QoS) or the long‐term measures. Our simulation results show high gains in long‐term (QoS) without sacrificing short‐term user requirements. Therefore, the proposed scheduling approach improves subscriber satisfaction and increases operational efficiency. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Amine‐Assisted Syntheses of Carbonate‐Free and Highly Crystalline Nitrate‐Containing Zn‐Al Layered Double Hydroxides
Authors: Rezvani Zolfaghar , Khodam Fateme , Mokhtari Azam , Nejati Kamellia 
Published: August 2014

AbstractZn‐Al layered double hydroxides (LDHs), with nitrate as the charge balancing anion in the interlayer space, were synthesized by precipitation from homogeneous solution containing different amines [e.g., hexamethylenetetraamine (HMTA), diethylenediamine (DEDA), trimethylamine (TMA) and dimethylamine (DMA)]. The applied method does not require nitrogen atmosphere. The solution pH and concentration of different amines were varied in order to identify the controlling parameters and whether nitrate or carbonate are the interlayer anion. Particularly, the addition of amines turns out to be an effective tool for the synthesis of nitrate containing Zn‐Al LDHs independent from the nitrogen atmosphere. The structure, textural, composition, and morphological properties were investigated using the powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), FT‐IR spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The analyses showed that the samples had high crystallinity and purity. The NO3‐ZnAl LDHs samples show that LDH sheets are predominantly smooth textured and the thickness of LDH sheets are found to be around 23 nm. The results also indicate that this method successfully produces a NO3– form Zn‐Al LDH that is almost identical to the one synthesized by conventional methods.