bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chlorine activation within urban or power plant plumes: Vertically resolved ClNO2 and Cl2 measurements from a tall tower in a polluted continental setting
Authors: Riedel Theran P. , Wagner Nicholas L. , Dubé William P. , Middlebrook Ann M. , Young Cora J. , Öztürk Fatma , Bahreini Roya , VandenBoer Trevor C. , Wolfe Daniel E. , Williams Eric J. , Roberts James M. , Brown Steven S. , Thornton Joel A. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractNitryl chloride (ClNO2) is a chlorine atom source and reactive nitrogen reservoir formed during the night by heterogeneous reactions of dinitrogen pentoxide on chloride‐containing aerosol particles. The main factors that influence ClNO2 production include nitrogen oxides, ozone, aerosol surface area, soluble chloride, and ambient relative humidity. Regions with strong anthropogenic activity therefore have large ClNO2 formation potential even inland of coastal regions due to transport or local emissions of soluble chloride. As part of the Nitrogen, Aerosol Composition, and Halogens on a Tall Tower field study, we report wintertime vertically resolved ClNO2 and molecular chlorine (Cl2) measurements taken on a 300 m tall tower located at NOAA's Boulder Atmospheric Observatory in Weld County, CO, during February and March of 2011. Gas and particle phase measurements aboard the tower carriage allowed for a detailed description of the chemical state of the nocturnal atmosphere as a function of height. These observations show significant vertical structure in ClNO2 and Cl2 mixing ratios that undergo dynamic changes over the course of a night. Using these measurements, we focus on two distinct combustion plume events where ClNO2 mixing ratios reached 600 and 1300 parts per trillion by volume, respectively, aloft of the nocturnal surface layer. We infer ClNO2 yields from N2O5‐aerosol reactions using both observational constraints and box modeling. The derived yields in these plumes suggest efficient ClNO2 production compared to the campaign average, where in‐plume yields range from 0.3 to 1; the campaign average yield in the boundary layer is 0.05 ± 0.15, with substantial night‐to‐night and within night variability similar to previous measurements in this region.
Population‐based assessment of kaposi sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus DNA in plasma among Ugandans
Authors: Shebl Fatma M. , Emmanuel Benjamin , Bunts Lisa , Biryahwaho Benon , Kiruthu Christine , Huang Meei‐Li , Pfeiffer Ruth M. , Casper Corey , Mbulaiteye Sam M. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractRisk of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is linked to detection of Kaposi sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus (KSHV) DNA in plasma, but little is known about the prevalence and risk factors for plasma KSHV DNA detection among the general population where KS is endemic. Correlates of KSHV plasma detection were investigated in a population‐based sample of adult Ugandans (15–59 years) who participated in an HIV/AIDS serobehavioral survey in 2004/2005. KSHV DNA was measured in plasma of 1,080 KSHV seropositive and 356 KSHV seronegative persons using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). KSHV DNA in plasma was detected in 157 (8.7%) persons; of these 149 (95%) were KSHV seropositive and 8 (5%) were seronegative. Detection of KSHV DNA in plasma was significantly associated with male sex (P < 0.001), older age (P = 0.003), residence in a rural versus urban area (P = 0.002), geographic region (P = 0.02), and being KSHV seropositive (13.8% seropositive vs. 2.3% seronegative, P < 0.001). In a multivariable model, KSHV DNA plasma quantity was significantly higher in men (P = 0.002), inversely associated with age (P = 0.05), and residing in an urban area (P = 0.01). In Uganda, KSHV is detected more frequently in the plasma of adult males and residents of rural regions, potentially explaining the increased risk of KS in these subsets of the Ugandan population. J. Med. Virol. 85:1602–1610, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Vitamin D status and serum ferritin concentration in chronic hepatitis C virus type 1 infection
Authors: Amanzada Ahmad , Goralczyk Armin D. , Moriconi Federico , van Thiel David H. , Ramadori Giuliano , Mihm Sabine 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe circulating 25‐hydroxylated form of vitamin D3, 25(OH)D, and serum ferritin concentrations have been described to be associated with disease progression in chronic hepatitis C. Both parameters also have been assessed with regard to treatment outcome, however, with divergent results. This study examined both the pre‐ and posttreatment serum concentrations of 25(OH)D and ferritin in 191 patients infected chronically with hepatitis C virus (HCV) type 1 with regard to liver inflammatory activity (grading), disease progression in terms of fibrosis (staging) and an antiviral treatment outcome. Mean pretreatment serum 25(OH)D and ferritin concentrations were 18 ± 10 ng/ml and 280 ± 225 µg/L, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed lower pretreatment serum 25(OH)D and higher ferritin concentrations to be significantly related to both severity of inflammatory activity and of fibrotic alterations. Pretreatment serum ferritin concentration, furthermore, unlike 25(OH)D concentration, was found to be associated with a sustained virological response by uni‐ and multivariate analyses. A sustained virological response was featured by a significant increase in serum 25(OH)D levels (18 ± 10 ng/ml vs. 22 ± 11 ng/ml; P < 0.01), a reduction of serum ferritin concentration (191 ± 156 µg/L vs. 103 ± 63 µg/L; P < 0.001) and a normalization of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and γ‐glutamyl‐transferase (γ‐GT) activities. Taken together, decreased 25(OH)D and increased ferritin serum levels indicate the severity of hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in patients infected chronically with HCV type 1. Elevated ferritin, furthermore, was found to be an independent predictor for standard IFN‐based therapy responsiveness. J. Med. Virol. 85:1534–1541, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Concordance of human papillomavirus types detected on the surface and in the tissue of genital lesions in men
Authors: Anic Gabriella M. , Messina Jane L. , Stoler Mark H. , Rollison Dana E. , Stockwell Heather , Villa Luisa L. , Lazcano‐Ponce Eduardo , Gage Christine , Silva Roberto Jose C. , Baggio Maria L. , Salmerón Jorge , Giuliano Anna R. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractSwabbing the surface of a genital lesion to obtain a sample for HPV DNA testing is less invasive than a biopsy, but may not represent HPV types present in the lesion tissue. The objective of this study was to examine the concordance of HPV types detected in swab and biopsy samples from 165 genital lesions from men ages 18–70. Lesions included 90 condyloma, 10 penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PeIN), 23 non‐condyloma with a known histology, and 42 lesions with an undetermined histology. All lesions were sampled by swabbing the surface of the lesion with a pre‐wetted Dacron swab and taking a shave biopsy. HPV genotyping was performed using Linear Array for swab samples and INNO‐LiPA for biopsy samples. The kappa and McNemar statistics were used to compare the concordance of detecting HPV types in swab and biopsy samples. Both sampling methods had high agreement for detection of HPV DNA in condyloma (87.8% agreement) and PeIN (100% agreement). There was also high concordance for detection of HPV16 (kappa = 1.00) and HPV18 (kappa = 1.00) in PeIN, however, agreement was low to moderate for detecting HPV6 (kappa = 0.31) and HPV11 (kappa = 0.56) in condyloma. Low to moderate agreement was also observed between sampling methods for detecting individual HPV types in the non‐condyloma and lesions with an indefinite histology. The results suggest that obtaining a biopsy in addition to swabbing the surface of a lesion may provide additional information about specific HVP types associated with male genital lesions. J. Med. Virol. 85:1561–1566, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Detection of human herpesvirus 7 DNA from the CSF in association with neurosarcoidosis
Authors: Martikainen Mika H. , Grönroos Juha O. , Vuorinen Tytti 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis study reports a previously healthy, immunocompetent adult male in whom human herpesvirus 7 (HHV‐7) DNA was detected continuously from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This patient developed definite sarcoidosis with primary symptomatic manifestations in the central nervous system (CNS). The initial presentation was with loss of visual acuity and papilledema. Brain MR imaging at presentation confirmed papilledema, but otherwise there were no focal abnormalities or signs of hydrocephalus. CSF investigation revealed pleocytosis and elevated protein levels. HHV‐7 DNA was detected repeatedly from CSF but not from blood over 1 year follow‐up. High resolution computed tomography of lungs was normal. Positron emission tomography showed several metabolically active lymph nodes in the mediastinum, and the histopathological investigation revealed granulomatous inflammation consistent with sarcoidosis. The finding of HHV‐7 DNA in the CSF in the context of neurosarcoidosis has not been reported previously. The detection of HHV‐7 DNA may result from the selective activation of CD4+ T‐lymphocytes in the CSF caused by neurosarcoidosis. Further studies are needed to establish whether the detection of HHV‐7 DNA in the CSF in association with neurosarcoidosis represents a clinically significant HHV‐7 CNS infection. J Med. Virol. 85:1935–1939, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Detection of merkel cell polyomavirus in oral samples of renal transplant recipients without Merkel cell carcinoma
Authors: Baez Camila Freze , Guimarães Maria Angélica A. M. , Martins Rosângela A. G. , Zalona Ana Carolina Jonard , Cossatis João José , Zalis Mariano Gustavo , Cavalcanti Silvia Maria Baeta , Varella Rafael Brandão 
Published: July 2013

AbstractMerkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare but aggressive neuroendocrine cancer, with approximately 80% of cases associated with Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV). The lack of information concerning its occurrence in non‐MCC immunosuppressed populations led to the investigation of MCPyV DNA in saliva and oral biopsies from 60 kidney allograft recipients and 75 non‐transplanted individuals (control group). In contrast to herpesviruses, which was also investigated (CMV, HHV‐6A, and B, HHV‐7) MCPyV was detected predominantly in patients with oral lesions (gingivitis and/or periodontitis) of both transplanted and non‐transplanted groups (P = 0.016) and in the saliva of the transplanted group (P = 0.009). MCPyV co‐detection with CMV (P = 0.048), and HHV‐6 (P = 0.020) in the saliva of transplanted patients requires further investigation on a possible role of co‐infection. J Med. Virol. 85:2016–2019, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Measuring 3D crosstalk uniformity and its influence on contrast ratio
Authors: Penczek John , Boynton Paul , Kelley Edward 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAn array detector was employed to characterize the crosstalk and contrast ratio uniformity of three‐dimensional (3D) displays. The measurement method is described and demonstrated on a stereoscopic display with passive glasses. The resulting high resolution spatial uniformity maps enable a comprehensive statistical characterization of the display and provide a useful visual assessment tool. The statistical uniformity data are used to evaluate the crosstalk dependence on viewing conditions (such as viewing distance), and show the degradation in display performance that could not be captured with a discrete spot measurement. The measurement method was also employed to examine the influence of crosstalk on contrast ratio. It is shown that for some 3D displays, the crosstalk uniformity can dominate the perceived contrast. A metric is proposed that defines the maximal crosstalk contribution to the perceived contrast for 3D images with small features. The summary parameters extracted from the uniformity maps can be utilized to define the boundary viewing conditions needed to maintain minimum image quality.
A Typology of Technology‐Enhanced Tourism Experiences
Authors: Neuhofer Barbara , Buhalis Dimitrios , Ladkin Adele 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTExperiences constitute the essence of the tourism industry. While the literature has recognized the recent impact of technology on experiences, its empirical exploration remains scarce. This study addresses the gap by empirically exploring five leading industry cases to generate a holistic understanding of technology‐enhanced tourism experiences. The main contribution of this paper lies in the development of a nine‐field experience typology matrix based on the increasing intensity of co‐creation and technology implementation. The final contribution of this study is the development of an experience hierarchy and discussing its relevance for experience enhancement in tourism research and practice. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conceptualizing Trade Show Visitors' Consumption Behavior
Authors: Wong Jehn‐Yih , Li Tzu‐hui , Peng Norman , Chen Annie Huiling 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTTourism trade shows have become an increasingly attractive channel for practitioners to meet potential buyers. However, few studies have conceptualized non‐industrial buyers' consumption behavior during these events. This study proposes a model to conceptualize trade show visitors' buying behavior. The analysis of 738 trade show visitors shows that variety‐seeking tendency and deal proneness directly influence visitors' tourism product consumption behavior. In addition, price sensitivity can affect deal proneness and variety‐seeking tendency. Nevertheless, contrary to existing literature, service quality will not moderate visitors' buying processes. The implications of this study are discussed within tourism management literature. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cytokine correlation between sinus tissue and nasal secretions among chronic rhinosinusitis and controls
Authors: Oyer Samuel L. , Mulligan Jennifer K. , Psaltis Alkis J. , Henriquez Oswaldo A. , Schlosser Rodney J. 
Published: July 2013

Objectives/HypothesisCompare cytokine levels in sinus tissue to sinus secretions from controls and chronic rhinosinusitis patients.Study DesignIn vitro.MethodsPolyurethane foam sponges were placed into middle meati of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP), with polyps (CRSwNP), and controls. Sinus biopsies were then taken from the same location. Protein levels of tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ), and interleukins (IL) 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 17A were measured via cytometric bead assay for each sample. Protein values from sinus tissue and secretions were compared with Pearson's correlation between samples as well as one‐way ANOVA with posthoc t test between groups.ResultsSamples from 43 patients in total were examined. Mucus was measured from 10 controls, 11 CRSsNP and 10 CRSwNP, and sinus tissue was measured from 10 controls, 15 CRSsNP and 10 CRSwNP. IL‐8 and IFN‐γ levels were outside of the detectable range of the assay. Levels of secreted IL‐2, 4, 6, 10, and 17A correlated with tissue levels (P < 0.05 for all, r > 0.49) while TNF‐α did not (P = 0.71). CRSsNP had elevated mucus levels of IL‐2, 4, 6, 10, and 17A compared to controls. CRSwNP had elevated mucus levels of IL‐4, 6, 10, 17A, and TNF‐α compared to controls.ConclusionsCytokine levels in sinus secretions correlate with levels in sinus tissue and are elevated in CRS versus control based on Th1/Th2 skewing.Level of EvidenceN/A (in vitro). Laryngoscope, 123:E72–E78, 2013
Synthesis and Characterization of a Water‐Soluble Conjugated Polymer from the Uncatalyzed Polymerization of Ethynylpyridine
Authors: Gal Yeong‐Soon , Jin Sung‐Ho 
Published: July 2013

SummaryA water‐soluble ionic conjugated polymer was prepared via uncatalyzed polymerization of 2‐ethynylpyridine using iodomethane. The polymerization proceeded well to give a moderate yield of polymer. A polymerization mechanism is proposed where the reaction of 2‐ethynylpyridine reacts with iodomethane to form an activated triple bond, which undergoes a linear identical propagation process. The chemical structure of polymer was characterized by NMR (1H‐, 13C‐), IR, and UV‐visible spectroscopies. The photoluminescence spectrum of polymer showed that the PL peak is located at 568 nm corresponding to the photon energy of 2.19 eV. The cyclic voltammogram of this conjugated polyelectrolyte shows a well‐defined and stable redox process.
Solid Polymer Electrolyte Membranes Based on Siliconorganic Backbone
Authors: Mukbaniani Omari , Koynov Kaloyan , Aneli Jimsher , Tatrishvili Tamar , Markarashvili Eliza , Chigvinadze Maia 
Published: July 2013

SummaryThe hydrosilylation reactions of α,ω–bis(trimethylsiloxy)methylhydrosiloxane with allyl butyrate and vinyltriethoxysilane catalyzed by Karstedt's (Pt2[(VinSiMe2)2O]3) catalyst, platinum hydrochloric acid (0.1 M solution in THF) and platinum on carbon have been studied. In the presence of Karstedt's catalyst the reaction order, activation energies and rate constants have been determined. The synthesized oligomers were analyzed with FTIR, 1H, 13C, and 29Si NMR spectroscopy. Synthesized polysiloxanes were investigated by wide‐angle X‐ray scattering, gel‐permeation chromatography, and DSC methods. Solid polymer electrolyte membranes have been obtained via sol‐gel processes of oligomer systems doped with lithium trifluoromethylsulfonate (triflate) or lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide. The dependence of ionic conductivity as a function of temperature and salt concentration has been investigated. It has been found that the electric conductivity of the polymer electrolyte membranes at room temperature changes in the range 4 × 10−5–6 × 10−7 S/cm.
Vibro‐Acoustic Behaviour in Biosourced Composites
Authors: Dobircau L. , Rupert L. , Turner J. , Delbreilh L. , Dargent E. , Saiter J. M. 
Published: July 2013

Summary100% natural composites comprising low protein content wheat flour and bamboo fibers were elaborated by means of an extrusion process using glycerol, water and sorbitol as plasticizers. The morphology, the mechanical properties and the acoustic response of the materials were analysed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), tensile testing and acoustic measurements respectively. The extruded samples showed randomly dispersed bamboo fibers in the wheat flour matrix whereby a clear reinforcement in mechanical properties was observed with increase of the fiber percentage up to 15% w/w. The vibro‐acoustic measurements performed by analysing the surface wave propagation of the sound signal show the effects of the fiber dispersion and of the frequency on the damping properties of these new composites. At low frequency, the presence of the fibers is well observed and they play the role of secondary wave sources.
AFQ056 in Parkinson patients with levodopa‐induced dyskinesia: 13‐week, randomized, dose‐finding study
Authors: Stocchi Fabrizio , Rascol Olivier , Destee Alain , Hattori Nobutaka , Hauser Robert A. , Lang Anthony E. , Poewe Werner , Stacy Mark , Tolosa Eduardo , Gao Haitao , Nagel Jennifer , Merschhemke Martin , Graf Ana , Kenney Christopher , Trenkwalder Claudia 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTAFQ056 is a novel, selective metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 antagonist. This was a 13‐week, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study. Patients with Parkinson's disease and moderate‐to‐severe levodopa (l‐dopa)‐induced dyskinesia who were receiving stable l‐dopa/anti‐parkinsonian treatment and were not currently receiving amantadine were randomized to receive either AFQ056 (at doses of 20, 50, 100, 150, or 200 mg daily) or placebo (1:1:1:1:2:3 ratio) for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was the modified Abnormal Involuntary Movements Scale. Secondary outcomes included the 26‐item Parkinson's Disease Dyskinesia Scale, the Patient's/Clinician's Global Impression of Change, and the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale parts III (motor evaluation) and IV (severity of motor complications). Safety was assessed. In total, 98 of 133 (73.7%) AFQ056‐treated patients and 47 of 64 (73.4%) patients in the placebo group completed the study. Baseline characteristics were comparable. Patients randomized to AFQ056 200 mg daily administered in 2 doses demonstrated significant improvements at Week 12 on the modified Abnormal Involuntary Movements Scale compared with placebo (difference, −2.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], −5.2, −0.4; P = 0.007). Based on final actual doses, there was a dose‐response relationship on the modified Abnormal Involuntary Movements Scale, with 200 mg daily demonstrating the most robust effect (difference, −3.6; 95% CI, −7.0, −0.3; P = 0.012). Improvements in dyskinesia were supported by change on Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part IV item 32 (50 mg daily: difference, −0.7; 95% CI, −1.1, −0.2; P = 0.003; 200 mg daily: difference, −0.5; 95% CI, −0.8, −0.1; P = 0.005). No significant changes were observed on the 26‐item Parkinson's Disease Dyskinesia Scale, the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part IV item 33 or items 32 and 33, or the Patient's/Clinician's Global Impression of Change. Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part III scores were not significantly changed, indicating no worsening of motor symptoms. The most common adverse events (with incidence greater with AFQ056 than with placebo) were dizziness, hallucination, fatigue, nasopharyngitis, diarrhea, and insomnia. AFQ056 demonstrated anti‐dyskinetic efficacy in this population without worsening underlying motor symptoms. These results will guide dose selection for future clinical trials. © 2013 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Pallidal stimulation for cervical dystonia does not correct abnormal temporal discrimination
Authors: Sadnicka Anna , Kimmich Okka , Pisarek Claudia , Ruge Diane , Galea Joe , Kassavetis Panagiotis , Pareés Isabel , Saifee Tabish , Molloy Anna , Bradley David , O'Riordan Sean , Zrinzo Ludvic , Hariz Marwan , Bhatia Kailash P. , Limousin Patricia , Foltynie Thomas , Rothwell John C. , Hutchinson Michael , Edwards Mark J. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTBackgroundWe investigated whether clinical improvement observed after deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the globus pallidus internus (GPi) in cervical dystonia (CD) is paralleled by the normalisation of temporal discrimination thresholds (TDTs), a marker of abnormal sensory processing in CD.MethodsTDT was tested in 11 patients with CD after they received DBS and was compared with TDT scores from 24 patients with CD and a group of 61 controls.ResultsA clear clinical response to GPi‐DBS was demonstrated (total Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale scores fell from 50 to 18; P < 0.001). In contrast, TDT remained abnormal in the CD‐DBS group (P < 0.001) and was not significantly different from the abnormal TDT range observed in CD.ConclusionsUnderlying sensory abnormalities in temporal discrimination observed in dystonia do not seem to be corrected by successful GPi‐DBS. This adds further data to the ongoing debate regarding which pathophysiological abnormalities observed in dystonia are likely to be causal in the genesis of the disease rather than epiphenomena observed secondary to abnormal motor activity. © 2013 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society