bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustained Increases in Lower-Tropospheric Subsidence over the Central Tropical North Pacific Drive a Decline in High-Elevation Rainfall in Hawaii
Authors: Longman Ryan J. , Diaz Henry F. , Giambelluca Thomas W. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Consistent increases in the strength and frequency of occurrence of the trade wind inversion (TWI) are identified across a ~40-yr period (1973–2013) in Hawaii. Changepoint analysis indicates that a marked shift occurred in the early 1990s resulting in a 20% increase in the mean TWI frequency between the periods 1973–90 and 1991–2013, based on the average of changes at two sounding stations and two 6-month (dry and wet) seasons. Regional increases in the atmospheric subsidence are identified in four reanalysis datasets over the same ~40-yr time period. The post-1990 period mean for the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis shows increases in subsidence of 33% and 41% for the dry and wet seasons, respectively. Good agreement was found between the time series of TWI frequency of occurrence and omega, suggesting that previously reported increases in the intensity of Hadley cell subsidence are driving the observed increases in TWI frequency. Correlations between omega and large-scale modes of internal climate variability such as El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) do not explain the abrupt shift in TWI frequency in the early 1990s in both seasons. Reported increases in TWI frequency of occurrence may provide some explanation for climate change–related precipitation change at high elevations in Hawaii. On average, post-1990 rainfall was 6% lower in the dry season and 31% lower in the wet season at nine high-elevation sites. Rainfall was significantly correlated with TWI frequency at all of the stations analyzed.
Daily Precipitation and Tropical Moisture Exports across the Eastern United States: An Application of Archetypal Analysis to Identify Spatiotemporal Structure
Authors: Steinschneider Scott , Lall Upmanu 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
This study examines the spatiotemporal variability of two sets of daily precipitation from ERA-Interim across the eastern United States between 1979 and 2013: 1) total precipitation and 2) precipitation originating from tropical moisture exports (TMEs), which have been linked to extremes of midlatitude precipitation. Archetypal analysis (AA) is introduced as a new method to decompose and characterize structures within the spatiotemporal climate data. AA is uniquely suited to identify extremal patterns and is a complementary method to empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis. The authors provide a brief comparison between AA and EOF analysis and then examine the spatiotemporal variability, circulation anomalies, and sea surface temperature teleconnections associated with the archetypes of the two precipitation variables. Markovian structure, seasonal variability, and interannual trends in archetype occurrence are explored using nonparametric generalized linear models (GLMs). Results show that the modes of precipitation variability and their associated teleconnections are very similar between total and TME precipitation, suggesting that TMEs can help explain prevailing modes of total precipitation variability. Both total and TME precipitation shift longitudinally conditional on the phase of the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) and sea surface temperatures in the North Atlantic, and they are inhibited during strong, negative PDO and positive Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) regimes. The GLM analysis reveals distinct seasonal cycles and decadal trends in archetypes likely associated with the strength and position of the North Atlantic subtropical high (NASH). The study concludes with a discussion of the limitations of the analysis and other promising applications of AA.
Hydrologically Aided Interpolation of Daily Precipitation and Temperature Fields in a Mesoscale Alpine Catchment
Authors: Le Moine Nicolas , Hendrickx Frédéric , Gailhard Joël , Garçon Rémy , Gottardi Frédéric 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Hydrological modeling in mountainous regions, where catchment hydrology is heavily influenced by snow (and possibly ice) processes, is a challenging task. The intrinsic complexity of local processes is added to the difficulty of estimating spatially distributed inputs such as precipitation and temperature, which often exhibit a high spatial heterogeneity that cannot be fully captured by measurement networks. Hence, an interpolation step is often required prior to the hydrological modeling step. Usually, the reconstruction of meteorological forcings and the calibration of the hydrological model are done sequentially. The outputs of the hydrological model (discharge estimates) may give some insight into the quality of the forcings used to feed it, but in this two-step independent analysis, it is not possible to easily feed the interpolation scheme back with the discrepancies between observed and simulated discharges. Yet, despite having undergone the rainfall–runoff (or snow–runoff) transformation, discharge at the outlet of a (sub)catchment is still an interesting integrator (spatial low-pass filter) of the forcing fields and is ancillary areal information complementing the direct, point-scale data collected at gauges. In this perspective, choosing the best interpolation scheme partly becomes an inverse hydrological problem. Here, a joint calibration strategy is presented where the parameters of both the interpolation model (i.e., reconstruction procedure of meteorological forcings) and the hydrological model (snow cover, soil moisture accounting, and flow-routing schemes) are jointly inferred in a multisite and multivariable approach. Interpolated fields are daily rainfall and temperature, whereas hydrological variables consist of discharge and snow water equivalent time series at several locations in the Durance River catchment.
Radiographic Prevalence of Dysplasia, Cam, and Pincer Deformities in Elite Ballet
Authors: Harris Joshua D. , Gerrie Brayden J. , Varner Kevin E. , Lintner David M. , McCulloch Patrick C. 
Published: September 2015

Background: The demands of hip strength and motion in ballet are high. Hip disorders, such as cam and pincer deformities or dysplasia, may affect dance performance. However, the prevalence of these radiographic findings is unknown. Purpose: To determine the prevalence of radiographic cam and pincer deformities, borderline dysplasia, and dysplasia in a professional ballet company. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: An institutional review board–approved cross-sectional investigation of a professional ballet company was undertaken. Male and female adult dancers were eligible for inclusion. Four plain radiographs were obtained (standing anteroposterior pelvis, bilateral false profile, and supine Dunn 45°) and verified for adequacy. Cam and pincer deformities, dysplasia, borderline dysplasia, and osteoarthritis were defined. All plain radiographic parameters were measured and analyzed on available radiographs. Student t test, chi-square test (and Fisher exact test), and Spearman correlation analyses were performed to compare sexes, groups, and the effect of select radiographic criteria. Results: A total of 47 dancers were analyzed (21 males, 26 females; mean age (±SD), 23.8 ± 5.4 years). Cam deformity was identified in 25.5% (24/94) of hips and 31.9% (15/47) of subjects, with a significantly greater prevalence in male dancers than females (48% hips and 57% subjects vs 8% hips and 12% subjects; P < .001 and P = .001, respectively). Seventy-four percent of subjects had at least 2 of 6 radiographic signs of pincer deformity. Male dancers had a significantly greater prevalence of both prominent ischial spine and posterior wall signs ( P = .001 and P < .001, respectively), while female dancers had a significantly greater prevalence of coxa profunda (85% female hips vs 26% male hips; P < .001). Eighty-nine percent of subjects had dysplasia or borderline dysplasia in at least 1 hip (37% dysplastic), with a significantly greater prevalence of dysplasia or borderline dysplasia in female versus male dancers (92% female hips vs 74% male hips; P < .022). Further, in those with dysplasia or borderline dysplasia, 92% of female and 82% of male dancers had bilateral findings. Conclusion: In this professional ballet company, a high prevalence of radiographic abnormalities was found, including cam and pincer deformity and dysplasia. The results also revealed several sex-related differences of these abnormalities in this unique population. The long-term implications of these findings in this group of elite athletes remain unknown, and this issue warrants future investigation.
Multiple papillary fibroelastomas in the right heart
Authors: Muraoka Arata , Kurumisawa Soki , Kaminishi Yuichiro , Misawa Yoshio 
Published: September 2015

Background: Cardiac multiple papillary fibroelastonas are rare. Methods and Results: A 70-year-old woman presented with an exertional dyspnea. A trans-thoracic echocardiogram showed a moving mass near the inferior vena cava in the right atrium. She underwent an operation for a cardiac tumor. A trans-esophageal echocardiogram during the operation showed a mass in the right ventricle, which had echo properties similar to the mass in the right atrium. The mass in the atrium was resected including the attached intima, and the mass in the ventricle was resected by the shave method. Her postoperative course was uneventful. A pathological examination showed that the two tumors were papillary fibroelastomas. Conclusion: A precise examination should be performed when a cardiac tumor is diagnosed to investigate the possibility of multiple lesions.
How I treat fragile myeloma patients
Authors: Larocca Alessandra , Palumbo Antonio 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMultiple myeloma is a disease typical of elderly people, with a median age at diagnosis of 70 years. Much progress has been made in the past few years thanks to the introduction of new drugs. However, increases in survival were much less pronounced in patients aged 60 to 69 years, and no improvement was seen in older patients. Furthermore, the currently approved treatment regimens were tested in clinical trials with stringent inclusion criteria. Aging is associated with a high prevalence of frailty, that is, a state of increased vulnerability to stressors due to a critical decline in physiologic reserves. Elderly people may be categorized as fit or frail according to clinical, functional, cognitive, and socioeconomic criteria. The presence of frailty may complicate the management and outcome of myeloma patients. To date, the choice of treatment of myeloma patients has focused primarily on chronological age and performance status as markers of frailty. However, the elderly population is highly heterogeneous, and improved assessment strategies are needed to define the frailty profile of patients and provide them with the most adequate treatment, thus avoiding the overtreatment of frail patients and the undertreatment of fit patients. The geriatric assessment is a fundamental tool for the evaluation of cognitive and functional status.
Local quantized extrema patterns for content-based natural and texture image retrieval
Authors: Koteswara Rao L. , Venkata Rao D. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel feature descriptor, named local quantized extrema patterns (LQEP) for content based image retrieval. The standard local quantized patterns (LQP) collect the directional relationship between the center pixel and its surrounding neighbors and the directional local extrema patterns (DLEP) collect the directional information based on local extrema in 0°, 45°, 90°, and 135° directions for a given center pixel in an image. In this paper, the concepts of LQP and DLEP are integrated to

propose the LQEP for image retrieval application. First, the directional quantized information is collected from the given image. Then, the directional extrema is collected from the quantized information. Finally, the RGB color histogram is integrated with the LQEP for a feature vector generation. The performance of the proposed method is tested by conducting three experiments on Coel-1K, Corel-5K and MIT VisTex databases for natural and texture image retrieval. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated in terms of precision, recall, average retrieval precision and average retrieval rate on benchmark databases. The results after investigation show a considerable improvements in terms of their evaluation measures as compared to the existing methods on respective databases.
NCBI BLAST+ integrated into Galaxy
Authors: Cock Peter J. A. , Chilton John M. , Grüning Björn , Johnson James E. , Soranzo Nicola 
Published: September 2015

Abstract

Background
The NCBI BLAST suite has become ubiquitous in modern molecular biology and is used for small tasks such as checking capillary sequencing results of single PCR products, genome annotation or even larger scale pan-genome analyses. For early adopters of the Galaxy web-based biomedical data analysis platform, integrating BLAST into Galaxy was a natural step for sequence comparison workflows.

Findings
The command line NCBI BLAST+ tool suite was wrapped for use within Galaxy. Appropriate datatypes were defined as needed. The integration of the BLAST+ tool suite into Galaxy has the goal of making common BLAST tasks easy and advanced tasks possible.

Conclusions
This project is an informal international collaborative effort, and is deployed and used on Galaxy servers worldwide. Several examples of applications are described here.
Development of a novel conservation treatment of stone monuments with bioactive nanocomposites
Authors: van der Werf Inez Dorothé , Ditaranto Nicoletta , Picca Rosaria Anna , Sportelli Maria Chiara , Sabbatini Luigia 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
In this study a conservation treatment of stone monuments meant for consolidation, protection, and inhibition of biofilm formation is proposed. The method is developed as a part of a systematic investigation aimed at producing nanocomposite coatings able to exert a marked biological activity over a long period of time thanks to their peculiar structure. Zinc oxide nanoparticles, synthesised by means of simple and reproducible electrochemical procedures, are embedded in commercially available and commonly used consolidant/water repellent matrices to obtain nanostructured materials. Products based on tetraethoxysilane and/or polysiloxanes were tested. In a first step the nanomaterials were applied on stone samples and studied with scanning electron microscopy and spectrophotocolorimetry. Then, in situ experimentation was undertaken by applying nanocomposite coatings on the exterior of a 12th-century church in the south of Italy. The performances of the ZnO-nanoparticles based composite coating were compared with a previously investigated copper nanoparticles based material, successfully tested and monitored in situ for more than two years. Finally, preliminary tests on the inhibitory effect on the growth of the fungus Aspergillus niger were also carried out. The results showed that in case of zinc oxide a tenfold higher concentration of nanoparticles as compared with Cu-NPs can be utilized in the matrices without affecting the colour of the stone substrate, which means that the new material should be able to exert a long-lasting biocide activity. Laboratory and in situ tests of the developed innovative nanomaterials yielded very promising, though preliminary, results in terms of chromatic changes, morphological characteristics and bioactivity. Constant monitoring of the coatings will be continued in order to obtain all necessary information on their long term behaviour and inhibition of biological colonisation.
A Virtual Ward for Home Hemodialysis Patients – A Pilot Trial
Authors: Raphael Michael J. , Nadeau-Fredette Annie-Claire , Tennankore Karthik K. , Chan Christopher T. 
Published: September 2015

Background: Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have a high rate of hospitalization and are prone to care gaps that may occur during the transition from hospital to home. The virtual ward (VW) is an innovative model that provides short-term transitional care to patients upon hospital discharge. The VW may be an effective intervention to address care gaps. Objectives: The primary objective of the pilot study was to assess the feasibility and practicality of implementing the Home Dialysis VW (HDVW) on a broader scale. Design: The HDVW Pilot Study enrolled home hemodialysis patients following one of four inclusion criteria: 1. Discharge from hospital, 2. Completion of an in-hospital medical procedure, 3. Prescription of an antibiotic, 4. Completion of home hemodialysis training. Patients were followed in the HDVW for 14 days and during this time were assessed serially with a clinician-led telephone interview for one of three transitional care gaps: 1. Requirement for change in hemodialysis prescription, 2. Requirement for coordination of follow-up care, 3. Requirement for medication change. Setting: The study was conducted in Toronto, Ontario, Canada at a quaternary care academic teaching hospital from 2012–2013. Patients: This study included 52 HDVW admissions among 35 patients selected from the existing home hemodialysis program. Measurements: The primary outcome was the identification of the number of care gaps at each HDVW admission. Secondary outcomes included the identification of potential predictors of care gaps and description of clinical adverse events following HDVW admission (readmissions, emergency department visits, unplanned visits to the home hemodialysis in-center). Results: The implementation and execution of the HDVW Pilot Study proved to be technically feasible and practical. A care gap was identified in 35 (67 %) of the HDVW admissions. In total, the cohort experienced 85 care gaps. There were no baseline demographic characteristics predictive of experiencing a care gap. In the total cohort observed for 2912 patient days, there were 9 readmissions, 13 visits to the emergency department, and 7 unplanned visits to the home hemodialysis in-center unit. Limitations: The results of this study are limited by the small study size and single-center experience. Conclusion: The implementation of a virtual ward for home hemodialysis patients is practical, feasible and identifies many care gaps which have the potential to result in subsequent adverse events. A larger, multi-center prospective clinical trial is justified to identify if the HDVW can prevent adverse events among home dialysis patients.
Schizophrenia in children and adolescents
Authors: Hollis Chris 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThis article summarises new research, together with core features, course
and outcome of schizophrenia with onset in childhood and adolescence, and
investigates its neurobiology and continuity into adult life. It concludes
that, in conformity with other disorders of childhood, adult-based
diagnostic criteria have validity in adolescence. Sadly, the disorder has a
poorer outcome when onset is in youth.
But when can I go home?
Authors: Findlay David J. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryAssessment of mental capacity is, or should be, a regular part of daily
clinical practice in general hospitals. It is both particularly important
and potentially complex in relation to an older person with dementia wishing
to return home despite concern over perceived risk. Case law provides some
guidance, but an ethical duty remains for clinicians to develop and hone
their professional judgement in this increasingly important area of
practice.
The importance of psychiatry in public mental health
Authors: Mehta Nisha , Davies Sally C. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThere is a lack of consensus over fundamental issues in public mental health in England. A move away from poorly evidenced ‘well-being’ policy approaches is needed. The authors have developed a more inclusive model using the World Health Organization's approach to public mental health. Public mental health policy makers must acknowledge the importance of psychiatry within the field.
Systemic Therapy for Stage IV Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline Update
Authors: Masters Gregory A. , Temin Sarah , Azzoli Christopher G. , Giaccone Giuseppe , Baker Sherman , Brahmer Julie R. , Ellis Peter M. , Gajra Ajeet , Rackear Nancy , Schiller Joan H. , Smith Thomas J. , Strawn John R. , Trent David , Johnson David H. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeTo provide evidence-based recommendations to update the American Society of Clinical Oncology guideline on systemic therapy for stage IV non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsAn Update Committee of the American Society of Clinical Oncology NSCLC Expert Panel based recommendations on a systematic review of randomized controlled trials from January 2007 to February 2014.ResultsThis guideline update reflects changes in evidence since the previous guideline.RecommendationsThere is no cure for patients with stage IV NSCLC. For patients with performance status (PS) 0 to 1 (and appropriate patient cases with PS 2) and without an EGFR-sensitizing mutation or ALK gene rearrangement, combination cytotoxic chemotherapy is recommended, guided by histology, with early concurrent palliative care. Recommendations for patients in the first-line setting include platinum-doublet therapy for those with PS 0 to 1 (bevacizumab may be added to carboplatin plus paclitaxel if no contraindications); combination or single-agent chemotherapy or palliative care alone for those with PS 2; afatinib, erlotinib, or gefitinib for those with sensitizing EGFR mutations; crizotinib for those with ALK or ROS1 gene rearrangement; and following first-line recommendations or using platinum plus etoposide for those with large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. Maintenance therapy includes pemetrexed continuation for patients with stable disease or response to first-line pemetrexed-containing regimens, alternative chemotherapy, or a chemotherapy break. In the second-line setting, recommendations include docetaxel, erlotinib, gefitinib, or pemetrexed for patients with nonsquamous cell carcinoma; docetaxel, erlotinib, or gefitinib for those with squamous cell carcinoma; and chemotherapy or ceritinib for those with ALK rearrangement who experience progression after crizotinib. In the third-line setting, for patients who have not received erlotinib or gefitinib, treatment with erlotinib is recommended. There are insufficient data to recommend routine third-line cytotoxic therapy. Decisions regarding systemic therapy should not be made based on age alone. Additional information can be found at http://www.asco.org/guidelines/nsclc and http://www.asco.org/guidelineswiki .