bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soluble salt accumulations in Taylor Valley, Antarctica: Implications for paleolakes and Ross Sea Ice Sheet dynamics
Authors: Toner Jonathan D. , Sletten Ronald S. , Prentice Michael L. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractSoluble salt accumulations in soils of Taylor Valley, Antarctica, provide a history of paleolakes and the advance of the Ross Sea Ice Sheet (RSIS). In western Taylor Valley, soluble salt accumulations are relatively high and are composed primarily of Na+, Ca2+, Cl–, and SO42–. In eastern Taylor Valley, soluble salt accumulations are much lower and are composed primarily of Na+ and HCO3–. Na‐HCO3‐rich compositions in eastern Taylor Valley are formed through leaching, calcite dissolution, and cation exchange reactions and appear to influence the chemistry of nearby streams and lakes. The data presented here support hypotheses that a lobe of the RSIS expanded into eastern Taylor Valley and dammed proglacial paleolakes. However, in contrast to previous studies, our findings indicate that the RSIS advanced deeper into Taylor Valley and that paleolakes were less extensive. By comparing soluble salt distributions across Taylor Valley, we conclude that a lobe of the RSIS filled all of eastern Taylor Valley and dammed paleolakes in western Taylor Valley up to approximately 300 m elevation. Following ice retreat, smaller paleolakes formed in both western and eastern Taylor Valley up to about 120 m elevation, with prominent still‐stands controlled by the elevation of major valley thresholds. At higher elevations, soluble salt accumulations are consistent with older soils that have not been affected by the most recent RSIS advance.
Formation of metallic magnetic clusters in a Kondo-lattice metal: Evidence from an optical study
Authors: Kovaleva N. N. , Kugel K. I. , Bazhenov A. V. , Fursova T. N. , Löser W. , Xu Y. , Behr G. , Kusmartsev F. V. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractMagnetic materials are usually divided into two classes: those with localised magnetic moments and those with itinerant charge carriers. We present a comprehensive experimental (spectroscopic ellipsomerty) and theoretical study to demonstrate that these two types of magnetism do not only coexist but complement each other in the Kondo-lattice metal, Tb2PdSi3. In this material the itinerant charge carriers interact with large localised magnetic moments of Tb(4f) states, forming complex magnetic lattices at low temperatures, which we associate with self-organisation of magnetic clusters. The formation of magnetic clusters results in low-energy optical spectral weight shifts, which correspond to opening of the pseudogap in the conduction band of the itinerant charge carriers and development of the low- and high-spin intersite electronic transitions. This phenomenon, driven by self-trapping of electrons by magnetic fluctuations, could be common in correlated metals, including besides Kondo-lattice metals, Fe-based and cuprate superconductors.
Electronic absorptions of the benzylium cation
Authors: Dryza Viktoras , Chalyavi Nahid , Sanelli Julian A. , Bieske Evan J. 
Published: November 2012

The electronic transitions of the benzylium cation (Bz+) are investigated over the 250–550 nm range by monitoring the photodissociation of mass-selected C7H7+-Arn (n = 1, 2) complexes in a tandem mass spectrometer. The Bz+-Ar spectrum displays two distinct band systems, the S1←S0 band system extending from 370 to 530 nm with an origin at 19 067 ± 15 cm−1, and a much stronger S3←S0 band system extending from 270 to 320 nm with an origin at 32 035 ± 15 cm−1. Whereas the S1←S0 absorption exhibits well resolved vibrational progressions, the S3←S0 absorption is broad and relatively structureless. Vibronic structure of the S1←S0 system, which is interpreted with the aid of time-dependent density functional theory and Franck-Condon simulations, reflects the activity of four totally symmetric ring deformation modes (ν5, ν6, ν9, ν13). We find no evidence for the ultraviolet absorption of the tropylium cation, which according to the neon matrix spectrum should occur over the 260 – 275 nm range [A. Nagy, J. Fulara, I. Garkusha, and J. Maier, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 50, 3022 (2011)]10.1002/anie.201008036.
Temporally resolved imaging on quenching and re-ignition of nanosecond underwater discharge
Authors: Yang Yong , Cho Young I. , Fridman Alexander 
Published: November 2012

This paper presents the temporally resolved images of plasma discharge in de-ionized water. The discharge was produced by high voltage pulses with 0.3 ns rise time and 10 ns duration. The temporal resolution of the imaging system was one nanosecond. A unique three-stage process, including a fast ignition at the leading edge of the pulse, quenching at the plateau of the pulse, and self re-ignition at the trailing edge of the pulse, was observed in a single pulse cycle. The maximum measured propagation velocity of the plasma discharge was about 1000 km/s. The possibility of direct ionization in water under high reduced electric field conditions was discussed.
At the request of the authors, this article is being retracted effective 2 July 2013.
Autophagy hijacked through viroporin-activated calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase-β signaling is required for rotavirus replication
Authors: Crawford Sue E. , Hyser Joseph M. , Utama Budi , Estes Mary K. 
Published: November 2012

Significance
This study describes a unique mechanism of virus-initiated autophagy and exploitation of autophagy membranes for virus replication. Autophagy is a highly regulated cellular process in which cells destroy and recycle their own components in lysosomes. The mechanism most viruses use to induce autophagy is unknown. We show a rotavirus pore-forming protein activates a calcium-dependent signaling pathway to initiate autophagy. Rotavirus hijacks autophagy membranes to transport viral proteins to sites of virus replication for assembly of infectious particles and interferes with autophagy maturation. Inhibition of the signaling pathway blocks virus production, suggesting a therapeutic target to fight infection.
Lattice relaxation and its impact on magnetic properties of FePt thin film
Authors: Li H H , Dong K F , Hu J F , Zhou T J , Chow G M , Chen J S 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The investigation on the lattice relaxation of FePt/TiN heteroepitaxial film was conducted by means of the thickness-dependent evolution of microstructure and magnetic properties. The critical thickness of FePt epitaxial growth on TiN was determined to be around 10 nm based on the lattice constant simulation according to equilibrium theory, which was consistent with the experimental value obtained from cross-sectional transmission electron microscope (TEM) measurements. Using high-resolution TEM images, the lattice relaxation mechanism of the FePt layer was clearly explained via the formation of edge dislocations at the critical thickness and the ensuing tilt of {1 1 1} lattice planes towards the film normal direction. It is found that the lattice relaxation caused the misorientation of the easy axes, and therefore in-plane magnetization increased and perpendicular anisotropy deteriorated with FePt thickness increasing from 10 to 40 nm.
Optimizing light absorption in quantum dot infrared photodetectors by tuning surface confinement of surface plasmonic waves
Authors: Liu Runyu , Vasinajindakaw Puminun , Gu Guiru , Vaillancourt Jarrod , Lu Xuejun 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
In this paper, we measured the transmission of the 2DSHA surface plasmonic structures and its variation with the hole diameters a of the 2DSHA structures. The relationship between the transmission and the hole diameters a is found to be different from the prediction of Bethe's diffraction theorem. We also found that the photocurrent of the quantum dot (QD) infrared photodetectors (QDIPs) with different QD active layer thicknesses show different dependence on the hole diameters a of the 2DSHA structures. The photocurrent of the QDIPs with 10 active QD layers (10-QDIPs) saturates and starts to decrease as the hole diameter a is larger than 1.6 µm, whereas that of the QDIPs with 20 active QD layers (20-QDIPs) increases linearly with the hole diameter. The difference in the hole-diameter dependence of the 10-QDIPs and the 20-QDIPs is attributed to the variation of the near-field spreading in the vertical (surface-normal) direction due to the change in the hole diameters. An over 6 time (6×) photocurrent enhancement is obtained by optimizing the hole diameter of the 2DSHA surface plasmonic structure.
A gain-coefficient switched Alexandrite laser
Authors: Lee Chris J , van der Slot Peter J M , Boller Klaus-J 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
We report on a gain-coefficient switched Alexandrite laser. An electro-optic modulator is used to switch between high and low gain states by making use of the polarization dependent gain of Alexandrite. In gain-coefficient switched mode, the laser produces 85 ns pulses with a pulse energy of 240 mJ at a repetition rate of 5 Hz.
Effects of elastic anisotropy in phononic band-gap plates with two-dimensional lattices
Authors: Hsu Jin-Chen 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
This study presents the effects of elastic anisotropy of constituent materials in square-lattice phononic-crystal plates. Using general elastodynamic calculations and the finite element (FE) method, this study analyses phononic-crystal plates constituted by (1) anisotropic scatterers embedded in an epoxy plate and (2) air holes etched on an anisotropic plate. The full band gaps can be modulated, opened and closed by changing the orientation of the square lattice relative to the crystallographic coordinate system of the anisotropic materials, and the elastic anisotropy varies the dispersion curves of the phononic-crystal plate waves with the rotation of the square lattice. Acoustic power transmission calculations show incident plate mode-dependent spectral gaps, the appearances of which in the frequency spectrum can also be modulated and shifted using elastic anisotropy. The effects of elastic anisotropy demonstrated here enable tailoring frequency band gaps and dispersion curves for functional control of acoustic-wave energy flows in phononic-crystal plates. Applications include acoustic waveguiding, confining, self-collimating and perfect acoustic focusing.
Experimental and analytical analyses of the thermal conductivities and high-temperature characteristics of silica aerogels based on microstructures
Authors: Zhao Jun-Jie , Duan Yuan-Yuan , Wang Xiao-Dong , Wang Bu-Xuan 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
An analytical heat transfer model based on scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller and pycnometry measurements and a 3D random diffusion-limited cluster–cluster aggregation structure is proposed to calculate the temperature-dependent microstructural parameters and thermal conductivities of silica aerogels. This model is a pure prediction model, which does not need experimentally fitted empirical parameters and only needs four measured structural parameters as input parameters. This model can provide high-temperature microstructural and thermophysical properties as well as theoretical guidelines for material designs with optimum parameters. The results show that three stages occur during the thermal evolution processes of the aerogel structure with increasing temperature from 300 to 1500 K. The current analytical model is fully validated by experimental data. The constant structure assumptions used in previous heat transfer models are found to cause significant errors at higher temperatures as the temperature-dependent structure deformation significantly increases the aerogel thermal conductivity. The conductive and total thermal conductivities of silica aerogels after high-temperature heat treatments are much larger than those with no heat treatment.
Reproductive strategy, egg characteristics and embryonic development of Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides)
Authors: Domínguez-Petit Rosario , Ouellet Patrick , Lambert Yvan 
Published: November 2012

AbstractDomínguez-Petit, R., Ouellet, P., and Lambert, Y. 2013. Reproductive strategy, egg characteristics and embryonic development of Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides). – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 342–351. Despite the commercial importance of Greenland halibut (GH), important gaps exist in our knowledge of the reproductive and early life stage biology for this species. The present study examined through laboratory experiments the spawning strategy, realized fecundity, egg characteristics, biochemical composition, and embryonic development of GH. The results confirmed the hypothesis that GH is a single-batch spawner producing large eggs, resulting in low realized fecundity. Embryonic development and hatching time are highly dependent on incubation temperature; 50% hatching occurred after 46, 30, and 24 days at 2, 4, and 6°C, respectively. Few changes in the biochemical composition of the eggs are observed during embryonic development. Newly hatched larvae are not well developed, having a large yolk sac, no pigmentation and incomplete development of the jaws. Egg specific density confirmed the mesopelagic distribution of the eggs at sea. However, important buoyancy changes occurring in the last 3–4 days before hatching indicate that larvae hatch higher in the water column. These results are important for understanding advection and dispersion processes of GH eggs and larvae and the connectivity between spawning grounds and nursery areas.
Comparative Analysis of 126 Cyanobacterial Genomes Reveals Evidence of Functional Diversity Among Homologs of the Redox-Regulated CP12 Protein
Authors: Stanley Desirée N. , Raines Christine A. , Kerfeld Cheryl A. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
CP12 is found almost universally among photosynthetic organisms, where it plays a key role in regulation of the Calvin cycle by forming a ternary complex with glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and phosphoribulokinase. Newly available genomic sequence data for the phylum Cyanobacteria reveals a heretofore unobserved diversity in cyanobacterial CP12 proteins. Cyanobacterial CP12 proteins can be classified into eight different types based on primary structure features. Among these are CP12-CBS (for cystathionine-β-synthase) domain fusions. CBS domains are regulatory modules for a wide range of cellular activities; many of these bind adenine nucleotides through a conserved motif that is also present in the CBS domains fused to CP12. In addition, a survey of expression data sets shows that the CP12 paralogs are differentially regulated. Furthermore, modeling of the cyanobacterial CP12 protein variants based on the recently available three-dimensional structure of the canonical cyanobacterial CP12 in complex with GAPDH suggests that some of the newly identified cyanobacterial CP12 types are unlikely to bind to GAPDH. Collectively these data show that, as is becoming increasingly apparent for plant CP12 proteins, the role of CP12 in cyanobacteria is likely more complex than previously appreciated, possibly involving other signals in addition to light. Moreover, our findings substantiate the proposal that this small protein may have multiple roles in photosynthetic organisms.
Therapeutic community residency and emotional management of female drug users
Authors: Colley Emma , Blackwell‐Young Julie 
Published: November 2012

PurposeThe current study focused on five female offenders who completed the only female‐specific therapeutic community (TC) for drug addiction in the UK prison system. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect that such residency had on individuals' emotional management skills compared to when they were active drug users.Design/methodology/approachThe study was based on a qualitative design, and interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was used to produce idiographic results.FindingsResults suggested that before TC residency all participants displayed problematic emotional management skills. However, during TC residency individuals witnessed elements of emotional healing and increased emotion connection. Additionally improvements were noted in emotional consideration, emotional communication, outward emotional displays and self‐worth.Originality/valueFurther developments in TC treatment are suggested concerning treatment length and further development of individuals' independent emotional management strategies.
Practical management of the shocked neonate
Authors: Barker Claire L 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe shocked neonate often causes anxiety in the ED. This article aims to provide a systematic, practical approach to recognition and initial management of these patients. Their resuscitation should follow a pattern of provision of oxygen, fluid resuscitation, blood glucose correction, inotropic support and ventilation. Practical tips for intravenous access and the rationale behind choice of inotrope and anaesthetic induction agent are discussed. The major underlying causes – sepsis, cardiac disease, metabolic disease and non‐accidental injury – along with their investigation and management are considered.
Modulation of the ASK1–MKK3/6–p38/MAPK signalling pathway mediates sildenafil protection against chemical hypoxia caused by malonate
Authors: Barros‐Miñones L , Orejana L , Goñi‐Allo B , Suquía V , Hervías I , Aguirre N , Puerta E 
Published: November 2012

Background and PurposePD5 inhibitors have recently been reported to exert beneficial effects against ischaemia–reperfusion injury in several organs. However, there are few studies regarding their neuroprotective effects in brain ischaemia. The present study was designed to assess the effects of sildenafil against chemical hypoxia induced by malonate. Intrastriatal injection of malonate produces energy depletion and striatal lesions similar to that seen in cerebral ischaemia through mechanisms that involve generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).Experimental ApproachVolume lesion was analysed by cytochrome oxidase histochemistry. Generation of reactive species was determined by in situ visualization of superoxide production and nitrotyrosine measurement. Protein levels were determined by Western blot after subcellular fractionation.Key ResultsSildenafil, given 30 min before malonate, significantly decreased the lesion volume in the rat. This protective effect cannot be attributed to any effect on ROS production but to the inhibition of downstream pathways. Thus, malonate induced the activation of apoptosis signal‐regulating kinase‐1 (ASK1) and two MAPK kinases, MKK3/6 and MKK7, which lead to an increased phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAPK, effects that were blocked by sildenafil. Selective inhibitors of p38 and JNK (SB203580 or SP600125, respectively) were used in combination with malonate in order to evaluate the plausible implication of these pathways in the protection afforded by sildenafil. While inhibition of p38 provided a significant protection against malonate‐induced neurotoxicity, inhibition of JNK did not.Conclusions and ImplicationsSildenafil protects against the chemical hypoxia induced by malonate through the regulation of the ASK1–MKK3/6–p38/MAPK signalling pathway.
Structure–activity relationships for α‐calcitonin gene‐related peptide
Authors: Watkins Harriet A , Rathbone Dan L , Barwell James , Hay Debbie L , Poyner David R 
Published: November 2012

Calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) is a member of the calcitonin (CT) family of peptides. It is a widely distributed neuropeptide implicated in conditions such as neurogenic inflammation. With other members of the CT family, it shares an N‐terminal disulphide‐bonded ring which is essential for biological activity, an area of potential α‐helix, and a C‐terminal amide. CGRP binds to the calcitonin receptor‐like receptor (CLR) in complex with receptor activity‐modifying protein 1 (RAMP1), a member of the family B (or secretin‐like) GPCRs. It can also activate other CLR or calcitonin‐receptor/RAMP complexes. This 37 amino acid peptide comprises the N‐terminal ring that is required for receptor activation (residues 1–7); an α‐helix (residues 8–18), a region incorporating a β‐bend (residues 19–26) and the C‐terminal portion (residues 27–37), that is characterized by bends between residues 28–30 and 33–34. A few residues have been identified that seem to make major contributions to receptor binding and activation, with a larger number contributing either to minor interactions (which collectively may be significant), or to maintaining the conformation of the bound peptide. It is not clear if CGRP follows the pattern of other family B GPCRs in binding largely as an α‐helix.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Neuropeptides. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2013.170.issue‐7
Decreased adiponectin level is associated with aggressive phenotype of tongue squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Guo Xiao‐Hong , Wang Jin‐Yu , Gao Yan , Gao Min , Yu Guang‐Yan , Xiang Ruo‐Lan , Li Li , Yang Ning‐Yan , Cong Xin , Xu Xiao‐Yan , Li Sheng‐Lin , Peng Xin , Wu Li‐Ling 
Published: November 2012

Circulating adiponectin levels are inversely associated with risk of various obesity‐related cancers. However, the effect of adiponectin on carcinogenesis and progression of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) remains unknown. We measured serum adiponectin levels in 59 patients with TSCC and 50 healthy controls. Expression of adiponectin and its receptors in paired tumor and paracancerous specimens were determined by immunohistochemical staining (n = 37) and western blot (n = 30), respectively. Serum adiponectin level was lower in patients than in controls (5.0 ± 2.4 vs 8.4 ± 3.5 μg/mL, P < 0.01), and was inversely associated with histological grade and lymph node metastasis but not tumor size. Local adiponectin levels in tumor tissue gradually decreased as tumor‐node‐metastasis stage increased, while the expression of adiponectin receptors was unchanged. In addition, serum adiponectin levels in the TSCC patients without metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, or without smoking and drinking habits, were still lower than in controls. Furthermore, adiponectin inhibited the migration, but not proliferation, of SCC15 cells in vitro. These results indicate that a decreased adiponectin level is associated with risk of TSCC. Hypoadiponectinemia might be used as a biomarker to predict an aggressive phenotype of TSCC.