bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Comprehensive Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire: II. Prediction of alcohol use and clinical utility
Authors: Demmel Ralf , Hagen Jutta 
Published: May 2015

Der Comprehensive Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire: II. Alkoholwirkungserwartungen, Alkoholkonsum und Alkoholabhängigkeit Ziele: Validierung des deutschsprachigen Comprehensive Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire (CAEQ). </P><P> Methode: Befragung von 954 gesunden und 32 alkoholabhängigen Probanden. </P><P> Ergebnisse: Erhöhter Alkoholkonsum geht mit spezifischen Wirkungserwartungen (Selbstsicherheit, Spannungsreduktion etc.) einher. Alkoholabhängige Patienten und gesunde Probanden unterscheiden sich hinsichtlich der Ausprägung sowohl positiver als auch negativer Wirkungserwartungen, jedoch nicht in Hinblick auf die Bewertung der erwarteten Substanzeffekte. </P><P> Schlussfolgerungen: Der CAEQ erfasst Alkoholwirkungserwartungen, die in Hinblick auf die Entwicklung eines erhöhten bzw. exzessiven Alkoholkonsums von hoher Relevanz sind.
National Alcohol Screening Day in the United States: Reducing the Stigma of Alcohol Problems
Authors: Murray Margaret 
Published: May 2015

Nationaler Alcohol Screening Tag in den Vereinigten Staaten: Reduzierung des Stigmas von Alkoholproblemen Ziel: Der National Alcohol Screening Day (NASD) soll das öffentliche Interesse auf die Folgen des riskanten Alkoholkonsums lenken. </P><P>Durchführung: Er wird seit 1998 jährlich landesweit in verschiedenen Einrichtungen, weiterführenden Schulen und Betrieben durchgeführt. Angeboten werden Informationen über Alkohol und Gesundheit und ein kostenloses, anonymes Screening alkoholbezogener Störungen. </P><P>Ergebnisse: 2002 zeigte das AUDIT-Screening bei 34 % der Teilnehmer aus Hochschulen, bei 16 % aus Ein-richtungen der medizinischen Primärversorgung und bei 23 % aus gemeindennahen Einrichtungen einen Score von über 8. </P><P>Schlussfolgerungen: Der NASD zeigt, wie wichtig ein frühzeitiges Screening von Alkoholproblemen ist. Er konnte seine Zielgruppe erreichen und hat dazu beigetragen, die öffentliche Aufmerksamkeit zu erhöhen und das Stigma, das Alkoholprobleme umgibt, zu verringern.
Prävalenzschätzungen von Opiatkonsumenten in deutschen Großstädten: Methoden und Ergebnisse
Authors: Kraus Ludwig , Heppekausen Kathrin , Tretter Felix 
Published: May 2015

<B>Ziel:</B> Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt eine systematische Übersicht über Verfahren regionaler Prävalenzschätzung des Drogenkonsums bzw. der Drogenabhängigkeit.</P><P> <B>Methode:</B> Die für Deutschland vorliegenden Schätzungen werden unter methodischen Gesichtspunkten vorgestellt und im Hinblick auf ihre Vergleichbarkeit kritisch diskutiert. </P><P> <B>Ergebnisse:</B> Es zeigt sich eine Vielzahl eingesetzter Verfahren in Deutschland. Unterschiede in den verwendeten Methoden und Daten führen dazu, dass ein Vergleich der verschiedenen lokalen Prävalenzschätzungen nur eingeschränkt möglich ist. Voraussetzung für eine regionsübergreifende Vergleichbarkeit der Schätzungen ist die Anwendung der gleichen Methode auf der Basis einer einheitlichen Definition der geschätzten Population.</P><P> <B>Schlussfolgerungen:</B> Möglichkeiten zur Vereinheitlichung und Vergleichbarkeit lokaler Prävalenzschätzung ergeben sich durch die Nutzung regionsübergreifend standardisierter Daten.
Möglichkeiten und Grenzen des Capture-Recapture-Ansatzes
Authors: Uhl Alfred 
Published: May 2015

<B>Ziele:</B> Bei der Studie ging es einerseits um konkrete Prävalenzschätzungen mittels Capture-Recapture-Methode und andererseits darum die Verlässlichkeit dieser Methode mittels Sensitivitätsanalysen und Kreuzvalidierungen systematisch zu untersuchen. </P><P> <B>Ergebnisse:</B> Es zeigte sich, dass man bei Capture-Recapture-Analysen basierend auf Standarddatenbanken mit großen systematischen Fehlern (zwischen 50% Unterschätzung und 100% Überschätzung) rechnen muss, weil durchwegs zentrale Grundannahmen erheblich verletzt sind. </P><P> <B>Schlussfolgerungen:</B> Der Capture-Recapture-Ansatz eignet sich nur für sehr grobe Prävalenzschätzungen aufbauend auf verfügbare Standarddatenbanken. Die Präzision der Methode könnte allerdings deutlich erhöht werden, indem man die Abweichungen von den Grundannahmen empirisch bestimmt und in die Berechnungen einfließen lässt.
Regionale Frühinformationssysteme für Drogen: Konzeption und Stand
Authors: Simon Roland , Baumgärtner Theo , Hermann Natascha , Kemmesies Uwe , Rabes Manfred 
Published: May 2015

<B>Ziel:</B> Ein Gesamtkonzept für ein Frühinformationssystem zu Drogen in Deutschland. </P><P> <B>Methodik:</B> Erfahrungen und Konzepte mit Systemen in Berlin, Frankfurt und Hamburg werden im Rahmen des europäischen Projekts »Euro-Trend« diskutiert. </P><P> <B>Ergebnisse:</B> Durch den beschleunigten Zugriff auf Routinequellen, Einbindung von konsumentennahen Experten und qualitative Verfahren wird eine schnellere Erhebung realisiert. Ergebnisse werden bei akuten, hoch riskanten Entwicklungen ad hoc, ansonsten in regelmäßigen Abständen berichtet. </P><P> <B>Schlussfolgerungen:</B> Durch bessere Kooperation und Informationsverknüpfung zwischen verschiedenen Systemen sollen schnellere Erkenntnisse gewonnen werden. Die DBDD kann diesen Austausch national und auf europäischer Ebene gewährleisten.
Riskanter schädlicher und abhängiger Alkoholkonsum: Screening, Diagnostik, Kurzintervention. Leitlinien der AWMF
Authors: Rist Fred , Demmel Ralf , Hapke Ulfert , Kremer Georg , Rumpf Hans-Jürgen 
Published: May 2015

<B>Ziele:</B> Formulierung evidenzbasierter Leitlinien, die Screening und Kurzintervention im Rahmen der medizinischen Basisversorgung erleichtern sollen. </P><P> <B>Methode:</B> Literaturrecherche in der Datenbank MEDLINE und Auswertung der seit 1995 publizierten Studien. </P><P> </B>Ergebnisse:</B> <OL><LI>Screening: Sensitivität und Spezifität einfacher »Paper and Pencil«-Verfahren sind in der Regel höher als die herkömmlicher biochemischer Marker. <LI>Intervention: Eine minimale Intervention kann zahlreiche Patienten veranlassen, den Konsum von Alkohol zu reduzieren. Kurzinterventionen sind in hohem Maße kosteneffizient.</OL> </P><P> <B>Schlussfolgerungen:</B> Vor dem Hintergrund der vorliegenden Literatur erscheint die Implementierung sekundärpräventiver Maßnahmen gerechtfertigt.
Multiparametric AFM reveals turgor-responsive net-like peptidoglycan architecture in live streptococci
Authors: Saar Dover Ron , Bitler Arkady , Shimoni Eyal , Trieu-Cuot Patrick , Shai Yechiel 
Published: May 2015

AbstractCell-wall peptidoglycan (PG) of Gram-positive bacteria is a strong and elastic multi-layer designed to resist turgor pressure and determine the cell shape and growth. Despite its crucial role, its architecture remains largely unknown. Here using high-resolution multiparametric atomic force microscopy (AFM), we studied how the structure and elasticity of PG change when subjected to increasing turgor pressure in live Group B Streptococcus. We show a new net-like arrangement of PG, which stretches and stiffens following osmotic challenge. The same structure also exists in isogenic mutants lacking surface appendages. Cell aging does not alter the elasticity of the cell wall, yet destroys the net architecture and exposes single segmented strands with the same circumferential orientation as predicted for intact glycans. Together, we show a new functional PG architecture in live Gram-positive bacteria.
Developmental-stage-dependent transcriptional response to leukaemic oncogene expression
Authors: Regha Kakkad , Assi Salam A. , Tsoulaki Olga , Gilmour Jane , Lacaud Georges , Bonifer Constanze 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAcute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is characterized by a block in myeloid differentiation the stage of which is dependent on the nature of the transforming oncogene and the developmental stage of the oncogenic hit. This is also true for the t(8;21) translocation that gives rise to the RUNX1-ETO fusion protein and initiates the most common form of human AML. Here we study the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells expressing an inducible RUNX1-ETO gene into blood cells as a model, combined with genome-wide analyses of transcription factor binding and gene expression. RUNX1-ETO interferes with both the activating and repressive function of its normal counterpart, RUNX1, at early and late stages of blood cell development. However, the response of the transcriptional network to RUNX1-ETO expression is developmental stage specific, highlighting the molecular mechanisms determining specific target cell expansion after an oncogenic hit.
Promoter-Autonomous Functioning in a Controlled Environment using Single Molecule FISH
Authors: Hocine Sami , Vera Maria , Zenklusen Daniel , Singer Robert H. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTranscription is a highly regulated biological process, initiated through the assembly of complexes at the promoter that contain both the general transcriptional machinery and promoter-specific factors. Despite the abundance of studies focusing on transcription, certain questions have remained unanswered. It is not clear how the transcriptional profile of a promoter is affected by genomic context. Also, there is no single cell method to directly compare transcriptional profiles independent of gene length and sequence. In this work, we employ a single genetic site for isolating the transcriptional kinetics of yeast promoters. Utilizing single molecule FISH, we directly compare the transcriptional activity of different promoters, considering both synthesis and cell-to-cell variability. With this approach, we provide evidence suggesting promoters autonomously encode their associated transcriptional profiles, independent of genomic locus, gene length and gene sequence.
Updating algal evolutionary relationships through plastid genome sequencing: did alveolate plastids emerge through endosymbiosis of an ochrophyte?
Authors: Ševčíková Tereza , Horák Aleš , Klimeš Vladimír , Zbránková Veronika , Demir-Hilton Elif , Sudek Sebastian , Jenkins Jerry , Schmutz Jeremy , Přibyl Pavel , Fousek Jan , Vlček Čestmír , Lang B. Franz , Oborník Miroslav , Worden Alexandra Z. , Eliáš Marek 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAlgae with secondary plastids of a red algal origin, such as ochrophytes (photosynthetic stramenopiles), are diverse and ecologically important, yet their evolutionary history remains controversial. We sequenced plastid genomes of two ochrophytes, Ochromonas sp. CCMP1393 (Chrysophyceae) and Trachydiscus minutus (Eustigmatophyceae). A shared split of the clpC gene as well as phylogenomic analyses of concatenated protein sequences demonstrated that chrysophytes and eustigmatophytes form a clade, the Limnista, exhibiting an unexpectedly elevated rate of plastid gene evolution. Our analyses also indicate that the root of the ochrophyte phylogeny falls between the recently redefined Khakista and Phaeista assemblages. Taking advantage of the expanded sampling of plastid genome sequences, we revisited the phylogenetic position of the plastid of Vitrella brassicaformis, a member of Alveolata with the least derived plastid genome known for the whole group. The results varied depending on the dataset and phylogenetic method employed, but suggested that the Vitrella plastids emerged from a deep ochrophyte lineage rather than being derived vertically from a hypothetical plastid-bearing common ancestor of alveolates and stramenopiles. Thus, we hypothesize that the plastid in Vitrella and potentially in other alveolates, may have been acquired by an endosymbiosis of an early ochrophyte.
VoICE: A semi-automated pipeline for standardizing vocal analysis across models
Authors: Burkett Zachary D. , Day Nancy F. , Peñagarikano Olga , Geschwind Daniel H. , White Stephanie A. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe study of vocal communication in animal models provides key insight to the neurogenetic basis for speech and communication disorders. Current methods for vocal analysis suffer from a lack of standardization, creating ambiguity in cross-laboratory and cross-species comparisons. Here, we present VoICE (Vocal Inventory Clustering Engine), an approach to grouping vocal elements by creating a high dimensionality dataset through scoring spectral similarity between all vocalizations within a recording session. This dataset is then subjected to hierarchical clustering, generating a dendrogram that is pruned into meaningful vocalization “types” by an automated algorithm. When applied to birdsong, a key model for vocal learning, VoICE captures the known deterioration in acoustic properties that follows deafening, including altered sequencing. In a mammalian neurodevelopmental model, we uncover a reduced vocal repertoire of mice lacking the autism susceptibility gene,Cntnap2.VoICE will be useful to the scientific community as it can standardize vocalization analyses across species and laboratories.
Optical ‘magnetic mirror’ metasurfaces using interference between Fabry-Pérot cavity resonances in coaxial apertures
Authors: Rajasekharan Ranjith , Roberts Ann 
Published: May 2015

AbstractHere we propose and computationally demonstrate a quasi-planar metasurface consisting of arrays of pairs of concentric coaxial apertures in a metallic film. The structure relies on destructive interference between Fabry-Pérot modes excited in each aperture at resonance producing transmitted fields that interfere destructively leading to suppressed transmission. Conversely, we show that in the case of a perfect conductor, near-perfect, broadband reflection can be achieved with zero phase change in the electric field and a variation of 2π on passing through the coincident resonances. Extending the concept to shorter wavelengths, we show that mirrors exhibiting close to a 2π phase excursion, albeit with a reduction in the amplitude reflection coefficient at resonance and a lower Q, can be also achieved. Structures such as these can be used to enhance light-matter interactions at surfaces and act as high impedance ground planes for antenna applications.
Long-haul and high-resolution optical time domain reflectometry using superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors
Authors: Zhao Qingyuan , Xia Lan , Wan Chao , Hu Junhui , Jia Tao , Gu Min , Zhang Labao , Kang Lin , Chen Jian , Zhang Xuping , Wu Peiheng 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn classical optical time domain reflectometries (OTDRs), for sensing an 200-km-long fiber, the optical pulses launched are as wide as tens of microseconds to get enough signal-to-noise ratio, while it results in a two-point resolution of kilometers. To both reach long sensing distance and sub-kilometer resolution, we demonstrated a long-haul photon-counting OTDR using a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector. In a 40-minute-long measurement, we obtained a dynamic range of 46.9 dB, corresponding to a maximum sensing distance of 246.8 km, at a two-point resolution of 0.1 km. The time for measuring fiber after 100 km was reduced to one minute, while the fiber end at 217 km was still distinguished well from noise. After reducing the pulse width to 100 ns, the experimental two-point resolution was improved to 20 m while the maximum sensing distance was 209.47 km.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: A compact photometer based on metal-waveguide-capillary: application to detecting glucose of nanomolar concentration
Authors: Bai Min , Huang Hui , Hao Jian , Zhang Ji , Wu Haibo , Qu Bo 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTrace analysis of liquid samples has wide applications in life science and environmental monitor. In this paper, a compact and low-cost photometer based on metal-waveguide-capillary (MWC) was developed for ultra-sensitive absorbance detection. The optical-path can be greatly enhanced and much longer than the physical length of MWC, because the light scattered by the rippled and smooth metal sidewall can be confined inside the capillary regardless of the incident-angle. For the photometer with a 7 cm long MWC, the detection limit is improved ~3000 fold compared with that of commercial spectrophotometer with 1 cm-cuvette, owing to the novel nonlinear optical-path enhancement as well as fast sample switching and detecting glucose of a concentration as low as 5.12 nM was realized with conventional chromogenic reagent.
Pictionary-based fMRI paradigm to study the neural correlates of spontaneous improvisation and figural creativity
Authors: Saggar Manish , Quintin Eve-Marie , Kienitz Eliza , Bott Nicholas T. , Sun Zhaochun , Hong Wei-Chen , Chien Yin-hsuan , Liu Ning , Dougherty Robert F. , Royalty Adam , Hawthorne Grace , Reiss Allan L. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA novel game-like and creativity-conducive fMRI paradigm is developed to assess the neural correlates of spontaneous improvisation and figural creativity in healthy adults. Participants were engaged in the word-guessing game of PictionaryTM, using an MR-safe drawing tablet and no explicit instructions to be “creative”. Using the primary contrast of drawing a given word versus drawing a control word (zigzag), we observed increased engagement of cerebellum, thalamus, left parietal cortex, right superior frontal, left prefrontal and paracingulate/cingulate regions, such that activation in the cingulate and left prefrontal cortices negatively influenced task performance. Further, using parametric fMRI analysis, increasing subjective difficulty ratings for drawing the word engaged higher activations in the left pre-frontal cortices, whereas higher expert-rated creative content in the drawings was associated with increased engagement of bilateral cerebellum. Altogether, our data suggest that cerebral-cerebellar interaction underlying implicit processing of mental representations has a facilitative effect on spontaneous improvisation and figural creativity.
Cellular superresolved imaging of multiple markers using temporally flickering nanoparticles
Authors: Ilovitsh Tali , Danan Yossef , Meir Rinat , Meiri Amihai , Zalevsky Zeev 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn this paper we present a technique aimed for simultaneous detection of multiple types of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) within a biological sample, using lock-in detection. We image the sample using a number of modulated laser beams that correspond to the number of GNP species that label a given sample. The final image where the GNPs are spatially separated is obtained computationally. The proposed method enables the simultaneous superresolved imaging of different areas of interest within biological sample and also the spatial separation of GNPs at sub-diffraction distances, making it a useful tool in the study of intracellular trafficking pathways in living cells.
First experimental demonstration of dynamic bandwidth allocation for multiple 10 G‐EPON systems
Authors: Ou H. , Sakai Y. , Tsutsumi T. , Fujiwara T. , Kimura Y. , Sakamoto T. , Suzuki H. , Terada J. , Otaka A. 
Published: May 2015

Integrated dynamic bandwidth allocation with an overlap scheme that improves the bandwidth efficiency of aggregated access networks is implemented and demonstrated on the 10 G Ethernet passive optical network (EPON)‐based prototype system for the first time. Experiments revealed that the prototype system can achieve more than 99% bandwidth efficiency with only 150 kB aggregation buffers in each optical subscriber unit.
Contributions of Lake Erie and Lake St. Clair Walleye Populations to the Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron, Recreational Fishery: Evidence from Genetic Stock Identification
Authors: Brenden Travis O. , Scribner Kim T. , Bence James R. , Tsehaye Iyob , Kanefsky Jeannette , Vandergoot Christopher S. , Fielder David G. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Genetic stock identification analyses were conducted to determine spawning population contributions to the recreational fishery for Walleyes Sander vitreus in Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron. Two spawning population groups were considered: (1) the Tittabawassee River, which has been identified as the largest source of spawning Walleyes for Saginaw Bay; and (2) an aggregate of six spawning populations from Lake Erie and Lake St. Clair that were found to be genetically similar. Overall, the Lake Erie and Lake St. Clair spawning populations were estimated to comprise approximately 26% of the Walleye recreational harvest in Saginaw Bay during 2008–2009. Contribution levels were similar for the 2 years in which genetic samples were collected. Contributions from the Lake Erie and Lake St. Clair spawning populations to the harvest of age-5 and older Walleyes were greater during summer (31.8%; SE = 6.2%) than during late winter and spring (6.0%; SE = 3.7%). Conversely, contributions from the Lake Erie and Lake St. Clair spawning populations to the harvest of age-3 and age-4 fish were fairly similar between seasons (late winter and spring: 31.2%, SE = 6.7%; summer: 41.7%, SE = 5.6%), suggesting that younger Walleyes migrate earlier or reside in Saginaw Bay for extended periods. Our finding that one-quarter of the Saginaw Bay recreational harvest of Walleyes comprises fish from Lake Erie and Lake St. Clair has important management implications, as policies for one lake may have bearing on the other lake—one of the challenges associated with managing migratory fish species. Fisheries management in the Laurentian Great Lakes has a history of being highly coordinated and cooperative among the states and province bordering the individual lakes. Results from this study suggest that cooperation may need to be expanded to account for fish movement between lakes.
Received October 28, 2014; accepted February 11, 2015
Production of l-allose and d-talose from l-psicose and d-tagatose by l-ribose isomerase
Authors: Terami Yuji , Uechi Keiko , Nomura Saki , Okamoto Naoki , Morimoto Kenji , Takata Goro 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
l-ribose isomerase (L-RI) from Cellulomonas parahominis MB426 can convert l-psicose and d-tagatose to l-allose and d-talose, respectively. Partially purified recombinant L-RI from Escherichia coli JM109 was immobilized on DIAION HPA25L resin and then utilized to produce l-allose and d-talose. Conversion reaction was performed with the reaction mixture containing 10% l-psicose or d-tagatose and immobilized L-RI at 40 °C. At equilibrium state, the yield of l-allose and d-talose was 35.0% and 13.0%, respectively. Immobilized enzyme could convert l-psicose to l-allose without remarkable decrease in the enzyme activity over 7 times use and d-tagatose to d-talose over 37 times use. After separation and concentration, the mixture solution of l-allose and d-talose was concentrated up to 70% and crystallized by keeping at 4 °C. l-Allose and d-talose crystals were collected from the syrup by filtration. The final yield was 23.0% l-allose and 7.30% d-talose that were obtained from l-psicose and d-tagatose, respectively.