bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testosterone depletion increases the susceptibility of brain tissue to oxidative damage in a restraint stress mouse model
Authors: Son Seung‐Wan , Lee Jin‐Seok , Kim Hyeong‐Geug , Kim Dong‐Woon , Ahn Yo‐Chan , Son Chang‐Gue 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAmong sex hormones, estrogen is particularly well known to act as neuroprotective agent. Unlike estrogen, testosterone has not been well investigated in regard to its effects on the brain, especially under psychological stress. To investigate the role of testosterone in oxidative brain injuries under psychological stress, we adapted an orchiectomy and restraint stress model. BALB/c mice were subjected to either an orchiectomy or sham operation. After allowing 15 days for recovery, mice were re‐divided into four groups according to exposure of restraint stress: sham, sham plus stress, orchiectomy, and orchiectomy plus stress. Serum testosterone was undetectable in orchiectomized groups and restraint‐induced stress significantly reduced testosterone levels in sham plus stress group. The serum levels of corticosterone and adrenaline were notably elevated by restraint stress, and these elevated hormones were markedly augmented by orchiectomy. Two oxidative stressors and biomarkers for lipid and protein peroxidation were significantly increased in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus by restraint stress, while the reverse pattern was observed in antioxidant enzymes. These results were supported by histopathological findings, with 4‐hydroxynonenal staining for oxidative injury and Fluoro‐Jade B staining showing the degenerating neurons. The aforementioned patterns of oxidative injury were accelerated by orchiectomy. These findings strongly suggest the conclusion that testosterone exerts a protective effect against oxidative brain damage, especially under stressed conditions.
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Unlike estrogen, the effects of testosterone on the brain have not been thoroughly investigated. In order to investigate the role of testosterone in oxidative brain injuries under psychological stress, we adapted an orchiectomy and restraint stress model. Orchiectomy markedly augmented the restraint stress‐induced elevation of serum corticosterone and adrenaline levels as well as oxidative alterations in brain tissues, especially in the hippocampus. These findings are the first evidence that testosterone depletion makes the brain prone to oxidative injury.
Workgroup Climates and Employees’ Counterproductive Work Behaviours: A Social‐Cognitive Perspective
Authors: Bollmann Grégoire , Krings Franciska 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThis research examines employees' anticipation of social and self‐sanctions as a self‐regulatory mechanism linking workgroup climates and counterproductive work behaviours (CWBs) and personality as a limit to these effects. A cross‐level study with 158 employees from 26 workgroups demonstrated that in groups with a high compliance climate – a climate emphasizing the importance of complying with organizational rules – employees anticipate more social and self‐sanctions, leading those low in conscientiousness and low in agreeableness to engage less frequently in CWBs. In contrast, a high relational climate – a climate emphasizing the importance of positive social relations over self‐interest – indirectly unbridles the CWBs of these employees by alleviating the social and self‐sanctions they anticipate for CWBs. Climates did not have indirect effects for employees high in agreeableness and high in conscientiousness. These findings elucidate why workgroup climates do not affect the CWBs of all members in the same way.
Obsessive Passion: A Compensatory Response to Unsatisfied Needs
Authors: Lalande Daniel , Vallerand Robert J. , Lafrenière Marc‐André K. , Verner‐Filion Jérémie , Laurent François‐Albert , Forest Jacques , Paquet Yvan 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe present research investigated the role of two sources of psychological need satisfaction (inside and outside a passionate activity) as determinants of harmonious (HP) and obsessive (OP) passion. Four studies were carried out with different samples of young and middle‐aged adults (e.g., athletes, musicians; totalN = 648). Different research designs (cross‐sectional, mixed, longitudinal) were also used. Results showed that only a rigid engagement in a passionate activity (OP) was predicted by low levels of need satisfaction outside the passionate activity (in an important life context or in life in general), whereas both OP and a more favorable and balanced type of passion, HP were positively predicted by need satisfaction inside the passionate activity. Further, OP led to negative outcomes, and HP predicted positive outcomes. These results suggest that OP may represent a form of compensatory striving for psychological need satisfaction. It appears important to consider two distinct sources of need satisfaction, inside and outside the passionate activity, when investigating determinants of optimal and less optimal forms of activity engagement.
A novel large deletion combined with a nonsense mutation in a Chinese child with Papillon–Lefèvre syndrome
Authors: Wu W. , Chen B. , Chen X. , Chen L. , Yi L. , Wang Y. , Yan F. , Sun W. 
Published: September 2015

Background and objectivePapillon‐Lefèvre Syndrome (PLS) is a rare autosomal recessive hereditary disease (MIM245000). The syndrome is characterized by palmoplantar keratoderma and early onset periodontitis, caused by CTSC gene mutation. The mutation in CTSC previously reported is mainly point mutations. Large deletion in the CTSC gene has not yet been reported.Material and methodsWe collected 5 mL peripheral blood from a patient with PLS and her family members and used the direct sequencing method to perform CTSC bidirectional sequencing. We also used FISH to analyze the approximate locations of the ends of the missing fragment and then determined the fragment sequence through direct sequencing.ResultsThe result demonstrated that the patient have a 110 kb deletion (Chr11: 88032292: 88142997(NC_000011)) combined with a nonsense mutation (Gln182Ter) in this gene.ConclusionOur study reveals a compound mutation consisting of a large deletion and a nonsense mutation, which provides a new insight in the mutation type of CTSC gene.
Early diagnosis of liver cancer: an appraisal of international recommendations and future perspectives
Authors: Della Corte Cristina , Triolo Michela , Iavarone Massimo , Sangiovanni Angelo 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAll Societies, AASLD, EASL, APASL and JSH, identify patients with cirrhosis as a target population for surveillance, with minor differences for additional categories of patients, such as chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis C patients with advanced fibrosis. According to AASLD, liver disease related to metabolic diseases including diabetes and obesity is a recognized target of screening, since those conditions have been causally related to HCC. All societies endorse radiological non‐invasive techniques as the mainstay for early diagnosis of HCC, but discrepancies exist between Societies on the utilization of contrast‐enhanced ultrasound and utilization of serum markers for surveillance and diagnosis of HCC. The diagnostic algorithm of the international societies differ substantially in the anatomic paradigm of EASL and APASL which identify 1 cm size as the starting point for radiological diagnosis of HCC compared to APASL algorithm based on the dynamic pattern of contrast imaging, independently on tumour size. While strengthening prediction in individual patients is expected to improve cost‐effectiveness ratios of screening, the benefits of pre‐treatment patient stratification by clinical, histological and genetic scores remain uncertain and exclusion of patients with severe co‐morbidities and advanced age is still debated.
An R2R3‐MYB transcription factor regulates carotenoid pigmentation in Mimulus lewisii flowers
Authors: Sagawa Janelle M. , Stanley Lauren E. , LaFountain Amy M. , Frank Harry A. , Liu Chang , Yuan Yao‐Wu 
Published: September 2015

Summary

Carotenoids are yellow, orange, and red pigments that contribute to the beautiful colors and nutritive value of many flowers and fruits. The structural genes in the highly conserved carotenoid biosynthetic pathway have been well characterized in multiple plant systems, but little is known about the transcription factors that control the expression of these structural genes.

By analyzing a chemically induced mutant of Mimulus lewisii through bulk segregant analysis and transgenic experiments, we have identified an R2R3‐MYB, Reduced Carotenoid Pigmentation 1 (RCP1), as the first transcription factor that positively regulates carotenoid biosynthesis during flower development.

Loss‐of‐function mutations in RCP1 lead to down‐regulation of all carotenoid biosynthetic genes and reduced carotenoid content in M. lewisii flowers, a phenotype recapitulated by RNA interference in the wild‐type background. Overexpression of this gene in the rcp1 mutant background restores carotenoid production and, unexpectedly, results in simultaneous decrease of anthocyanin production in some transgenic lines by down‐regulating the expression of an activator of anthocyanin biosynthesis.

Identification of transcriptional regulators of carotenoid biosynthesis provides the ‘toolbox’ genes for understanding the molecular basis of flower color diversification in nature and for potential enhancement of carotenoid production in crop plants via genetic engineering.
Genetics of melanoma progression: the rise and fall of cell senescence
Authors: Bennett Dorothy C. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThere are many links between cell senescence and the genetics of melanoma, meaning both familial susceptibility and somatic–genetic changes in sporadic melanoma. For example, CDKN2A, the best‐known melanoma susceptibility gene, encodes two effectors of cell senescence, while other familial melanoma genes are related to telomeres and their maintenance. This article aimed to analyze our current knowledge of the genetic or epigenetic driver changes necessary to generate a cutaneous metastatic melanoma, the commonest order in which these occur, and the relation of these changes to the biology and pathology of melanoma progression. Emphasis is laid on the role of cell senescence and the escape from senescence leading to cellular immortality, the ability to divide indefinitely.
Photosynthetic Performance of the Red Alga Pyropia haitanensis During Emersion, With Special Reference to Effects of Solar UV Radiation, Dehydration and Elevated CO2 Concentration
Authors: Xu Juntian , Gao Kunshan 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMacroalgae distributed in intertidal zones experience a series of environmental changes, such as periodical desiccation associated with tidal cycles, increasing CO2 concentration and solar UVB (280–315 nm) irradiance in the context of climate change. We investigated how the economic red macroalga, Pyropia haitanensis, perform its photosynthesis under elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration and in the presence of solar UV radiation (280–400 nm) during emersion. Our results showed that the elevated CO2 (800 ppmv) significantly increased the photosynthetic carbon fixation rate of P. haitanensis by about 100% when the alga was dehydrated. Solar UV radiation had insignificant effects on the net photosynthesis without desiccation stress and under low levels of sunlight, but significantly inhibited it with increased levels of desiccation and sunlight intensity, to the highest extent at the highest levels of water loss and solar radiation. Presence of UV radiation and the elevated CO2 acted synergistically to cause higher inhibition of the photosynthetic carbon fixation, which exacerbated at higher levels of desiccation and sunlight. While P. haitanensis can benefit from increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration during emersion under low and moderate levels of solar radiation, combined effects of elevated CO2 and UV radiation acted synergistically to reduce its photosynthesis under high solar radiation levels during noon periods.
Empowered Women, Failed Patriarchs: Neoliberalism and Global Gender Anxieties
Authors: Radhakrishnan Smitha , Solari Cinzia 
Published: September 2015

AbstractNotions of “empowered women,” promoted by NGOs, economists, and feminists beginning in the 1970s, do not necessitate a countervailing notion of “failed patriarchs.” However, our review of the feminist literatures on globalization, development, and migration in the United States, the former Soviet Union, and South Asia suggests that discourses of empowered women and failed patriarchs are fused in the specter of the “reverse gender order.” A presumption of this new order is that global capitalism has liberated women to such an extent that they have surpassed men who are now the truly “disadvantaged.” Drawing on these literatures as evidence, we argue that the large‐scale incorporation of poor and working‐class women into global capitalism relies upon an ideology of the family that keeps women's labor “cheap” and draws support from the feminist idea that work is empowering for women. Diverse nationalisms uphold the ideology of the family as central to capitalist expansion, providing culturally resonant justifications for women's unpaid reproductive work, while men are breadwinners. Thus, poor and working‐class men experience a painful dissonance between breadwinning expectations and economic opportunities. We show that these tensions between ideologies and material conditions make women's responsibility for reproductive work a structural feature of neoliberalism.
Scientists, the Media, and the Public Communication of Science
Authors: Dudo Anthony 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe relationship between scientists and journalists has evolved in recent years with the advent of numerous sociocultural changes and drastic shifts within the media ecosystem. Media professionals have traditionally been the gatekeepers of scientific information, but new media technologies grant scientists more power than ever before to be proactive about their public communication. In this article, I provide an overview of the science–media relationship and scientists as public communicators. Specifically, I recount the relationship that has traditionally existed between scientists and media professionals, explain how this relationship has evolved over recent years, and highlight what I believe are some of the most salient and exciting areas for future research examining scientists' efforts to engage with the public.
Phylogenetic and Kinetic Characterization of a Suite of Dehydrogenases from a Newly Isolated Bacterium, Strain SG61-1L, That Catalyze the Turnover of Guaiacylglycerol-β-Guaiacyl Ether Stereoisomers
Authors: Palamuru Shannu , Dellas Nikki , Pearce Stephen L. , Warden Andrew C. , Oakeshott John G. , Pandey Gunjan 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

Lignin is a complex aromatic polymer found in plant cell walls that makes up 15 to 40% of plant biomass. The degradation of lignin substructures by bacteria is of emerging interest because it could provide renewable alternative feedstocks and intermediates for chemical manufacturing industries. We have isolated a bacterium, strain SG61-1L, that rapidly degrades all of the stereoisomers of one lignin substructure, guaiacylglycerol-β-guaiacyl ether (GGE), which contains a key β-
O
-4 linkage found in most intermonomer linkages in lignin. In an effort to understand the rapid degradation of GGE by this bacterium, we heterologously expressed and kinetically characterized a suite of dehydrogenase candidates for the first known step of GGE degradation. We identified a clade of active GGE dehydrogenases and also several other dehydrogenases outside this clade that were all able to oxidize GGE. Several candidates exhibited stereoselectivity toward the GGE stereoisomers, while others had higher levels of catalytic performance than previously described GGE dehydrogenases for all four stereoisomers, indicating a variety of potential applications for these enzymes in the manufacture of lignin-derived commodities.
Single Cells within the Puerto Rico Trench Suggest Hadal Adaptation of Microbial Lineages
Authors: León-Zayas Rosa , Novotny Mark , Podell Sheila , Shepard Charles M. , Berkenpas Eric , Nikolenko Sergey , Pevzner Pavel , Lasken Roger S. , Bartlett Douglas H. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

Hadal ecosystems are found at a depth of 6,000 m below sea level and below, occupying less than 1% of the total area of the ocean. The microbial communities and metabolic potential in these ecosystems are largely uncharacterized. Here, we present four single amplified genomes (SAGs) obtained from 8,219 m below the sea surface within the hadal ecosystem of the Puerto Rico Trench (PRT). These SAGs are derived from members of deep-sea clades, including the
Thaumarchaeota
and SAR11 clade, and two are related to previously isolated piezophilic (high-pressure-adapted) microorganisms. In order to identify genes that might play a role in adaptation to deep-sea environments, comparative analyses were performed with genomes from closely related shallow-water microbes. The archaeal SAG possesses genes associated with mixotrophy, including lipoylation and the glycine cleavage pathway. The SAR11 SAG encodes glycolytic enzymes previously reported to be missing from this abundant and cosmopolitan group. The other SAGs, which are related to piezophilic isolates, possess genes that may supplement energy demands through the oxidation of hydrogen or the reduction of nitrous oxide. We found evidence for potential trench-specific gene distributions, as several SAG genes were observed only in a PRT metagenome and not in shallower deep-sea metagenomes. These results illustrate new ecotype features that might perform important roles in the adaptation of microorganisms to life in hadal environments.
Infection of Tribolium castaneum with Bacillus thuringiensis: Quantification of Bacterial Replication within Cadavers, Transmission via Cannibalism, and Inhibition of Spore Germination
Authors: Milutinović Barbara , Höfling Christina , Futo Momir , Scharsack Jörn P. , Kurtz Joachim 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

Reproduction within a host and transmission to the next host are crucial for the virulence and fitness of pathogens. Nevertheless, basic knowledge about such parameters is often missing from the literature, even for well-studied bacteria, such as
Bacillus thuringiensis
, an endospore-forming insect pathogen, which infects its hosts via the oral route. To characterize bacterial replication success, we made use of an experimental oral infection system for the red flour beetle
Tribolium castaneum
and developed a flow cytometric assay for the quantification of both spore ingestion by the individual beetle larvae and the resulting spore load after bacterial replication and resporulation within cadavers. On average, spore numbers increased 460-fold, showing that
Bacillus thuringiensis
grows and replicates successfully in insect cadavers. By inoculating cadaver-derived spores and spores from bacterial stock cultures into nutrient medium, we next investigated outgrowth characteristics of vegetative cells and found that cadaver-derived bacteria showed reduced growth compared to bacteria from the stock cultures. Interestingly, this reduced growth was a consequence of inhibited spore germination, probably originating from the host and resulting in reduced host mortality in subsequent infections by cadaver-derived spores. Nevertheless, we further showed that
Bacillus thuringiensis
transmission was possible via larval cannibalism when no other food was offered. These results contribute to our understanding of the ecology of
Bacillus thuringiensis
as an insect pathogen.
PbaR, an IclR Family Transcriptional Activator for the Regulation of the 3-Phenoxybenzoate 1′,2′-Dioxygenase Gene Cluster in Sphingobium wenxiniae JZ-1
T
Authors: Cheng Minggen , Chen Kai , Guo Suhui , Huang Xing , He Jian , Li Shunpeng , Jiang Jiandong 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

The 3-phenoxybenzoate (3-PBA) 1′,2′-dioxygenase gene cluster (
pbaA1A2B
cluster), which is responsible for catalyzing 3-phenoxybenzoate to 3-hydroxybenzoate and catechol, is inducibly expressed in
Sphingobium wenxiniae
strain JZ-1
T
by its substrate 3-PBA. In this study, we identified a transcriptional activator of the
pbaA1A2B
cluster, PbaR, using a DNA affinity approach. PbaR is a 253-amino-acid protein with a molecular mass of 28,000 Da. PbaR belongs to the IclR family of transcriptional regulators and shows 99% identity to a putative transcriptional regulator that is located on the carbazole-degrading plasmid pCAR3 in
Sphingomonas
sp. strain KA1. Gene disruption and complementation showed that PbaR was essential for transcription of the
pbaA1A2B
cluster in response to 3-PBA in strain JZ-1
T
. However, PbaR does not regulate the reductase component gene
pbaC
. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay and DNase I footprinting showed that PbaR binds specifically to the 29-bp motif AATAGAAAGTCTGCCGTACGGCTATTTTT in the
pbaA1A2B
promoter area and that the palindromic sequence (GCCGTACGGC) within the motif is essential for PbaR binding. The binding site was located between the −10 box and the ribosome-binding site (downstream of the transcriptional start site), which is distinct from the location of the binding site in previously reported IclR family transcriptional regulators. This study reveals the regulatory mechanism for 3-PBA degradation in strain JZ-1
T
, and the identification of PbaR increases the variety of regulatory models in the IclR family of transcriptional regulators.
Genomic Evidence Reveals Numerous Salmonella enterica Serovar Newport Reintroduction Events in Suwannee Watershed Irrigation Ponds
Authors: Li Baoguang , Jackson Scott A. , Gangiredla Jayanthi , Wang Weimin , Liu Huanli , Tall Ben D. , Beaubrun Junia Jean-Gilles , Jay-Russell Michele , Vellidis George , Elkins Christopher A. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

Our previous work indicated a predominance (56.8%) of
Salmonella enterica
serovar Newport among isolates recovered from irrigation ponds used in produce farms over a 2-year period (B. Li et al., Appl Environ Microbiol 80:6355–6365,
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02063-14
). This observation provided a valuable set of metrics to explore an underaddressed issue of environmental survival of
Salmonella
by DNA microarray. Microarray analysis correctly identified all the isolates (
n
= 53) and differentiated the
S
. Newport isolates into two phylogenetic lineages (
S
. Newport II and
S
. Newport III). Serovar distribution analysis showed no instances where the same serovar was recovered from a pond for more than a month. Furthermore, during the study, numerous isolates with an indistinguishable genotype were recovered from different ponds as far as 180 km apart for time intervals as long as 2 years. Although isolates within either lineage were phylogenetically related as determined by microarray analysis, subtle genotypic differences were detected within the lineages, suggesting that isolates in either lineage could have come from several unique hosts. For example, strains in four different subgroups (A, B, C, and D) possessed an indistinguishable genotype within their subgroups as measured by gene differences, suggesting that strains in each subgroup shared a common host. Based on this comparative genomic evidence and the spatial and temporal factors, we speculated that the presence of
Salmonella
in the ponds was likely due to numerous punctuated reintroduction events associated with several different but common hosts in the environment. These findings may have implications for the development of strategies for efficient and safe irrigation to minimize the risk of
Salmonella
outbreaks associated with fresh produce.