bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exciting Novel Polyaspartates: Design, Synthesis, and Photo‐Responsive Behavior in Solution and Lyotropic Liquid Crystalline Phase Upon Irradiation with Visible Light
Authors: Hossain Rimjhim , Thiele Christina M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMany polypeptides form stable, helical secondary structures enabling the formation of lyotropic liquid crystalline (LLC) phases. Contrary to the well‐studied polyglutamate, their counterparts based on polyaspartates exhibit a much lower helix inversion barrier. Therefore, the helix sense is not solely dictated by the chirality of the amino acid used, but additionally by the nature and conformation of the polymer sidechain. In this work, polymers responsive to irradiation with visible light are designed achieving conformational transitions from helix‐to‐coil and helix‐to‐helix. The synthesis and the application as LLC mesogens of several (co‐)polyaspartates bearing ortho‐fluorinated azobenzene (FAB) as a photochromic group are presented. Many of the obtained polymers undergo changes in their secondary structure upon E‐Z‐isomerization of the FAB‐containing sidechain. Of special interest are copolymers that exhibit photo‐responsive helix inversion without loss of their helical secondary structure. These copolymers form stable LLC phases in helicogenic solvents, where the effect of photo‐switching on the macroscopic behavior is studied by NMR spectroscopy. Especially, the irradiation of the different LLC phases of the helix inversion polymers displays a change in the LLC order experienced by the solvent. These peculiar properties are promising for future applications as photo‐responsive alignment media for structure elucidation in NMR.
Applying the V.E.R.A. method to entheses of the humerus: An assessment of repeatability and reproducibility
Authors: Ieng Jonathan , Karakostis Fotios Alexandros , Wilczak Cynthia 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe “Validated Entheses‐based Reconstruction of Activity” (V.E.R.A.) method has proven to be a reliable method for the quantification and analysis of entheses. However, this method has only been successfully applied to human hand bones and animal long bones. This study tests the general applicability of the V.E.R.A. method to the human humerus, focusing on evaluating its reliability and repeatability. The sample included 23 humeri of unknown origin and background. The V.E.R.A. method was applied to six entheses of the humerus, comprising the subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, common extensor origin, and common flexor origin. Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) and percentage of error statistics were used to measure intraobserver error. Interobserver error was assessed through analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and Lin's CCC. Intraobserver rates were between 1.83% and 3.23%. Interobserver error values were excellent, with no significant differences found in the ANOVA tests; Lin's CCC values were all above 0.90, with only the common extensor origin being 0.87; and ICC values were all above 0.97. Our results showed that the V.E.R.A. method is highly reliable and reproducible for the six entheses of the human humerus selected for this study. These results demonstrate the vast potential for the V.E.R.A. method to be applied to other parts of the human skeleton.
The long‐run educational benefits of high‐achieving classrooms
Authors: Canaan Serena , Mouganie Pierre , Zhang Peng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper examines how placement in high‐achieving classrooms within high school impacts students’ short‐ and longer‐term academic outcomes. Our setting is a large and selective Chinese high school, where first‐year students are separated into high‐achieving and regular classrooms based on their performance on a standardized exam. Classrooms differ in terms of peer ability, teacher quality, and class size, as well as level and pace of instruction. Using newly collected administrative data and a regression discontinuity design, we show that high‐achieving classrooms improve math test scores by 23% of a standard deviation, with effects persisting throughout the 3 years of high school. Impacts on performance in Chinese and English language subjects are more muted. Importantly, we find that high‐achieving classrooms raise enrollment in elite universities by 17 percentage points, as they substantially increase scores on the national college entrance exam—the sole determinant of university admission in China. We provide suggestive evidence that the most likely mechanism driving our results is exposure to higher‐quality teachers.
Vertical channel‐structured cyanoethylated bacterial cellulose/polyethylene oxide composite solid electrolyte for all‐solid‐state lithium batteries
Authors: Tian Xinpeng , Huang Yuechun , Liu Jingbin , Na Bing , Zou Shufen , Lv Ruihua 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSolid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) have gained remarkable development within the realm of new energy resources. With its improved electrochemical stability and environmental‐friendly sustainability, bacterial cellulose (BC) has emerged as a promising candidate for applications in SPEs. Herein, bacterial cellulose was chemically cyanoethylated and integrated with lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulphonyl)imide/polyethylene oxide (PEO) based SPE. Some vertical channels are formed when trace amounts (0.5 wt%) of cyanoethylated bacterial cellulose (BC‐CN) are added to PEO‐based SPE, as revealed by SEM. This formula's corresponding PEO‐based SPE presents the highest ion conductivity of 5.7 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 60°C. The ion migration activation (Ea) deduced from the Arrhenius equation is 0.48 eV, lower than the value of 0.82 eV for the pristine PEO SPE. Besides, the Li+ migration number of this modified PEO‐based solid electrolyte is calculated to be a relatively high value of 0.33, while that of its counterpart, the pristine PEO SPE, is as low as 0.06. The all‐solid‐state lithium battery with PEO/0.5%BC‐CN SPE can operate stably for 115 cycles, which is longer than the 80 cycles achieved with the pristine PEO SPE. This study introduces a novel strategy for creating modified BC composites PEO‐based SPE.Highlights
Bacterial cellulose was chemically cyanoethylated.
Cyanoethylated bacterial cellulose composite polyethylene oxide (PEO)‐based solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are prepared in DMF.
Opening pores penetrate the surface of the PEO/0.5% cyanoethylated bacterial cellulose (BC‐CN) SPE membrane.
PEO/0.5% BC‐CN shows ionic conductivity of 5.7 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 60°C.
Full cell with PEO/0.5% BC‐CN performs stably for 115 cycles.
Characterization of damage behavior and failure mechanisms of the bonded‐bolted hybrid three‐bolt joint in composite laminates
Authors: Zhang Kunlong , Zhu Fuxian , Hu Kejun , Zhang Sheng , Zhang Zhen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this paper, the mechanical properties, damage modes, and bolt load distribution of the bonded‐bolted hybrid three‐bolt joint were investigated by a combination of experiments and numerical simulations. Acoustic emission (AE) was used to monitor the tensile process of the connection in real time, and the K‐means clustering algorithm was used to realize the cluster analysis of the damage modes. A numerical simulation model of the tensile process of the joint was established using ABAQUS simulation software. The progressive damage evolution of composite laminates, and adhesive layer was characterized by using the VUMAT subroutine, the B‐K failure criterion, and cohesive element with zero thickness, respectively. The results show that four main damage modes occur in composite laminates during tension: matrix cracking, delamination, fiber pull‐out, and fiber breakage, with corresponding peak frequency ranges of (0–80 kHz), (80–210 kHz), (210–330 kHz), and (330–375 kHz), respectively. The adhesive layer between the laminates mainly exhibits peeling failure because of the secondary bending effect. In the load‐bearing process, the adhesive layer was loaded first and failed, and the bolt loading was delayed. Meanwhile, the results of bolt load distribution showed that the bolts and the adhesive layer at both ends carried greater loads.Highlights
Damage modes and damage evolution of the bonded‐bolted hybrid joint in tension were analyzed by combining acoustic emission technology and numerical simulation.
The simulation of delamination damage in composite laminates was carried out by inserting zero‐thickness cohesive elements into the laminates, and the delamination damage between the carbon fiber layup and the adjacent glass fiber layup was analyzed.
The effect of the inclusion of the adhesive layer on the mechanical properties of the joint and the distribution of the bolt load was analyzed.
Comprehensive phytochemical profiling of Phyllanthus emblica L. flowers on UHPLC/MS quadrupole time of flight, HPTLC, HPLC, and NMR analytical platforms reveals functional metabolites with potent anti‐inflammatory effects in human (THP‐1) macrophages
Authors: Balkrishna Acharya , Verma Sudeep , M. Priya Rani , Joshi Monali , Tomer Meenu , Gohel Vivek , Nain Pardeep , Dev Rishabh , Varshney Anurag 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionPhyllanthus emblica L., renowned for its pharmacological benefits found in its fruits and leaves, has received considerable attention. However, there is a notable lack of research on its flowers, specifically on metabolite profiling and pharmacological activity.ObjectiveThe present study aims to delineate the phytochemical constituents of hydromethanolic extract of P. emblica flowers by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐QToF‐MS), high‐performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic methods and subsequent evaluation of its anti‐inflammatory potential.Materials and MethodsThe identification and characterization of phytochemicals in P. emblica flowers was performed by UHPLC/MS‐QToF in both positive and negative ionization modes. Additionally, marker compounds present in flower extract were analyzed using HPTLC, HPLC, FT‐IR, and NMR methods. The anti‐inflammatory potential was evaluated in lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated THP‐1 macrophages by evaluating inflammatory biomarkers.ResultsUHPLC/MS‐QToF analysis facilitated the identification of 51 compounds from P. emblica flowers including gallic acid derivatives, flavonoid glycosides, and tannins based on their fragmentation patterns and previous literature reports. Notably, the study also identified spermidine compounds for the first time in this species. Optimization of HPTLC and HPLC methods marked the presence of corilagin as major compound followed by FT‐IR and NMR spectral methods. Moreover, treatment with hydromethanolic extract of P. emblica flowers resulted in decreased levels of proinflammatory cytokines, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6, alongside modulation of nuclear factor‐κB activity in lipopolysaccharide‐induced THP‐1 macrophages.ConclusionChromatographic techniques in conjunction with spectral methods found robust prevalence in the identification of signature phytometabolites present in P. emblica flowers, which sets the basis for its anti‐inflammatory potentials. The studies established a foundation for further exploration of potential applications of P. emblica flowers across various domains.
The evaluation of digital educational game use in pharmacology teaching process
Authors: Granat Marcin Mateusz , Paź Aleksandra , Mirowska‐Guzel Dagmara 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe aim of the study was to determine the usefulness of educational video games as a variety applied to the traditional teaching of pharmacology in topics of antifungal and hypolipidemic drugs. Sixty‐six volunteers were divided into control group (n = 33) and experimental group (n = 33). The first group received traditional seminar only, and the second played video game designed with the use of Kahoot! platform after the seminar. The assessment of knowledge was conducted with the use of three tests: pre‐test was presented before seminar, post‐test after seminar (for control group) or after playing the video game (for experimental group), and test no. 3 took place 4 weeks later. Analysis of tests' scores with respect to both topics resulted in the observation that the control and experimental groups show statistically significant improvement in knowledge, whether it was measured after the seminar or 4 weeks later. However, the results of experimental group were statistically better in comparison to the control group. It proves that electronic GBL (game‐based learning) applied to standard educational processes increases short‐ and long‐term knowledge retention compared to traditional seminars.
Root‐secreted (−)‐loliolide mediates chemical defense in rice and wheat against pests
Authors: Li Zheng , Jia Fang , Li Lei‐Lei , Kong Chui‐Hua 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDPlant chemical defense can be elicited by signaling chemicals. As yet, the elicitation is mainly known from volatile aboveground signals. Root‐secreted belowground signals and their underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. This study examined a root‐secreted signaling (−)‐loliolide to trigger chemical defense in rice and wheat against pests by means of cocultivation and incubation experiments.RESULTSWild‐type Arabidopsis (WT) and its root exudates with (−)‐loliolide induced the production of defensive metabolites of rice and wheat and reduced the performance of weeds, pathogens and herbivores, while a carotenoid‐deficient mutant (szl1‐1) and its root exudates without (−)‐loliolide had no similar effects. However, the induction and reduction occurred in the szl1‐1 root exudates by (−)‐loliolide supplementation with the level equal to that of WT. RNA‐sequencing analysis revealed a significant change in the transcript level of defense‐related genes in rice exposure to (−)‐loliolide. Furthermore, (−)‐loliolide enhanced rice resistance against Rhizoctonia solani through changing reactive oxygen species (ROS) system, and mediating jasmonic acid, salicylic acid and abscisic acid biosynthesis.CONCLUSIONRoot‐secreted signaling (−)‐loliolide can trigger chemical defense in rice and wheat against their pests. Such perception‐dependent chemical defenses provide an intriguing possibility for ecological pest management to increase crop productivity and sustainability. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Design and Implementation of Transparent Cross‐Polarization Interference Compensation in a Wideband Dual‐Polarization Satellite Receiver
Authors: Dimitrov Svilen , Dantona Vito , Mocker Gerhard 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTIn this paper, simultaneous transmission on two orthogonal antenna polarizations in a polarization division multiplexing (PDM) fashion is studied for wideband satellite communication links using dual‐polarization satellite receivers for the purpose of doubling the data rate. In order to mitigate the cross‐polarization interference (XPI), a new digital blind and transparent XPI compensation method is proposed, coined as XPI correlation learning estimation and adaptive reduction (XPI‐CLEAR). The received signal‐to‐noise‐and‐interference ratio (SNIR) and packet‐error rate (PER) performance with this non‐data‐aided and non‐decision‐directed method is assessed in a comprehensively modelled XPI channel with effects such as depolarization due to atmospheric conditions, imperfect cross‐polarization discrimination (XPD) of the antennas at the transmitter and the receiver, memory effects due to frequency selectivity of the XPD, and differential frequency offset (DFO) between the two channels. The application of the XPI‐CLEAR method presents considerable energy efficiency improvements for all the studied XPI channel effects, and is particularly beneficial for higher order modulation. A low‐complexity hardware implementation with symbol rates up to 500 MBaud validates the XPI‐CLEAR method as a practical solution to increase the data rates of the satellite air interface and to achieve the doubling of the throughput of the satellite link by the use of PDM.
Insights on Adsorptive Property of Thermally Treated Smectite (Dioctahedral)
Authors: Bhatti Qaisar Abbas , Mouzam Azia , Ishaq Muhammad , Javid Noor‐Ul‐Saba , Tariq Amna , Baloch Musa Kaleem 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTThe use of clay in the field of mineral materials is directly impacted by its thermal stability and changes in microstructure and properties following heat and other treatments. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate how clay's composition and structure are changed with time or how its surface characteristics are changed because of heat treatment. In the current work, the effect of heat treatment on the adsorptive property of smectite clay under various conditions like initial polymer concentration and its molar mass, pH, and temperature variation has been investigated. Various techniques like X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry, thermal analysis, X‐ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were used for the phase analysis and the structural features of the heat‐treated clay analysis. It was observed that the specific surface area of smectite gradually dropped as the preheating temperature was increased, and the phase composition and structure underwent significant changes. When clay is heated over 423 K, the adsorbed gases and water are forced off the surface, increasing the amount of free active sites, and smectite's adsorption potential was increased. By raising the polymer's initial concentration and molecular mass, the extent of adsorption was increased whereas it was decreased with the increase in pH. However, in the case of temperature, the adsorption was first increased and then decreased with the increase in temperature indicating a change in the chemical composition of the clay and hence the surface area.
Chaos‐Assisted Production of Micro‐Architected Spheres (CAPAS)
Authors: Ceballos‐González Carlos Fernando , Bolívar‐Monsalve Edna Johana , Velásquez‐Marín Silvana , Rendón‐Moreno Irving Isaí , Mora‐Rizo Abraham , Quevedo‐Moreno Diego Alonso , Hassani Najafabadi Alireza , Khademhosseini Ali , Weiss Paul S. , Alvarez Mario Moisés , Trujillo‐de Santiago Grissel 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHydrogel droplets with inner compartments are valuable in various fields, including tissue engineering. A droplet‐based biofabrication method is presented for the chaos‐assisted production of architected spheres (CAPAS) for the rapid generation of multilayered hydrogel spheres (ranging from 0.6 to 3.5 mm in diameter) at high‐throughput rates (up to 2000 spheres per min). This method is based on the use of chaotic advection generated by a Kenics static mixer (KSM) nozzle. The configuration of the KSM (i.e., the number of mixing elements) determines the number of compartments within the sphere. Sphere size is adjusted by flow rate, printhead outlet diameter, polymer concentration (sodium alginate or gelatin‐methacryloyl (GelMA)), and crosslinking bath composition. This versatile system operates in dripping and jetting modes, preserving multilayered architecture in both modes. Proof‐of‐concept experiments with breast cancer (MDA‐MB‐231), human dermal fibroblast (HDF), and murine myoblast (C2C12) lines show over 80% cell viability immediately post‐fabrication, maintained over extended culture (14 or 30 days). CAPAS is used to create a breast cancer model with cancer‐tissue‐like and healthy‐tissue‐like micro‐niches to test paclitaxel doses. It is envisioned that CAPAS will enable high‐throughput fabrication of hydrogel spheres for tissue engineering, chemical engineering, and material sciences applications.
Aggregation‐Induced Emission Photosensitizer Boosting Algal Growth and Lipid Accumulation
Authors: Rakhi Sharmin , Reza AHM Mohsinul , Davies Brynley , Wang Jianzhong , Tang Youhong , Qin Jianguang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMass production of microalgae is a research focus owing to their promising aspects for sustainable food, biofunctional compounds, nutraceuticals, and biofuel feedstock. This study uses a novel approach to enhance microalgae‐derived biomass and metabolites by using an aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) photosensitizer (PS), CN‐TPAQ‐PF6 ([C32H23N4]+). The unique AIE features of CN‐TPAQ‐PF6 facilitate nano‐aggregation in aquatic media for an effective light spectral shift for photosynthetic augmentation in a green microalga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The high reactive oxygen species (ROS) production capacity and redox‐based cellular modulations reveal its potential to upsurge algal growth and lipid biosynthesis and fabricate fatty acid profiles in the metabolic pathways. Algal cells are labeled with other AIE‐based nanoprobes, which are suitable as an in vivo visualization toolkit with superior fluorescence. Furthermore, cytotoxicity analysis of CN‐TPAQ‐PF6 on the HaCat cell line confirms that this AIE PS is biocompatible without adverse impact on living cells. The results demonstrate the property of AIE PS for the first time in enhancing algal growth and lipid accumulation simultaneously.
Heteroatom‐Doped Defects Anchoring Nano‐Pt for High‐Stability and Low‐Humidity Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell
Authors: Zhu Weikang , Shao Yuankai , Zhou Bingjie , Yin Shuoyao , Zhang Junfeng , Yin Yan , Dong Anqi , Liu Yatao , Liu Xi , Li Zhenguo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTo meet the ever‐increasing demand of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), it is necessary to carry out structure optimization for low‐cost and high‐stability oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts. Herein, a zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF)‐derived carbon material with a mass of heteroatoms and defects is developed and serves as advanced support for nano‐Pt‐based ORR catalysts. This unique structure enhances the interaction between nano‐Pt and support, leading to higher ORR intrinsic activity. During fuel cell applications, it demonstrates impressive water‐retaining capacity and electrochemical stability. Under H2‐O2 supply without cathode humidification, this catalyst achieves high mass activity of 0.475 A mgPt−1, with only 7.4% attenuation in maximum power density after 20 000 cycles of accelerated durability test, highlighting its remarkable potential for fuel cell applications. Physicochemical characterization and theoretical simulation reveal the crucial anchoring effect of heteroatom‐doped defects to nano‐Pt, providing valuable insights for further ORR catalyst design and PEMFC applications.
Freeze‐Vulnerable Plastic Crystal to Cryogenic Liquid Electrolyte for Lithium Batteries by Deep Freezing‐Point Depression
Authors: Cheong Do Sol , Heo Eun Seon , Hong Jinki , Yoo Seongmin , Jeon Yuju , Jeong Jihong , Lee Myeong‐Hee , Song Hyun‐Kon 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLow‐Tf solvents (Tf = freezing point) are considered and employed for low‐temperature lithium‐ion battery (LIB) electrolytes to keep electrolytes in the liquid phase at low temperatures. Unfortunately, Tf is synchronized with Tb (boiling point) so low Tf brings Tb down and therefore discourages the thermal stability of electrolytes using low‐Tf solvents. In this work, 1) the hot wing of LIB‐working temperature by employing a high‐Tb (inevitably high‐Tf) solvent and 2) the cold wing by using a significant Tf depression is secured. Sulfolane is employed as the high‐Tf (therefore, high‐Tb) and high‐Kf (Kf = cryoscopic constant) solvent since its mesomorphic state between solid and liquid. That abnormally and significantly decreases the enthalpy of fusion, and resultantly grants extremely high Kf at 66.4 K m−1. By employing sulfolane with 2 m lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI), the liquid‐phase temperature window down to <−80 °C for the cold wing and simultaneously guaranteed its flash point at >+150 °C for the hot wing is successfully extended. LIB cells with lithium iron phosphate and lithium metal worked in a good stand with 2 m LiTFSI/sulfolane at room temperature, −30 °C as an ambient cold, −74 °C as a deep cold, and +80 °C as a deep hot.