bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression and diagnostic implications of carbonic anhydrase IX in several tumours with predominantly clear cell morphology
Authors: Lin Xu‐Yong , Zhang Heng , Tang Na , Zhang Xiu‐Peng , Zhang Wei , Wang En‐Hua , Han Yu‐Chen 
Published: November 2014

AimsHigh expression of carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) has been reported in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC); few studies have reported CA IX expression in other tumours with predominantly clear cell morphology. The aim of study was to examine the expression and diagnostic implications of CA IX in these latter tumours.Methods and resultsAn immunohistochemical study was performed of 159 tumours with predominantly clear cell morphology. The results showed that, in addition to primary (25/25) and metastatic (10/11) ccRCC, CA IX was also expressed in breast (2/2), pulmonary (3/5) and hepatic (1/4) clear cell carcinoma, urothelial carcinoma with clear cell change (3/6), clear cell meningioma (4/6) and ependymoma (2/3), haemangioblastoma (10/10), and clear cell hidradenoma (5/6). However, while strong and diffuse positivity for CA IX was observed in ccRCC, clear cell breast carcinoma, haemangioblastoma, and clear cell hidradenoma, the other cases showed predominantly focal positivity for CA IX. In particular, CA IX staining was often seen at the periphery of necrotic areas.ConclusionsOur results indicate that strong and diffuse CA IX expression may be useful for differentiating ccRCC from several clear cell tumours, with the exception of clear cell breast carcinoma, haemangioblastoma, and clear cell hidradenoma.
Clinicopathological characteristics and rituximab addition to cytotoxic therapies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and methotrexate‐associated large B lymphoproliferative disorders
Authors: Yamada Kozue , Oshiro Yumi , Okamura Seiichi , Fujisaki Tomoaki , Kondo Seiji , Nakayama Yoshifuku , Suematsu Eiichi , Tamura Kazuo , Takeshita Morishige 
Published: November 2014

AimsTo analyse the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of 40 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with methotrexate (MTX)‐associated large B cell lymphoproliferative disorders (MTX–BLPD).Methods and resultsSoluble interleukin 2 receptor titres (median 1500 U/ml) in 40 patients with MTX–BLPD were lower than those of 24 RA patients with non‐MTX‐ associated (non‐MTX) BLPD (5731 U/ml) and 15 with control diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL, 5918 U/ml) (P < 0.01). Using in‐situ hybridization, Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) was detected in tumour cells of 25 of 40 RA patients with MTX–BLPD (63%). Immunohistologically, BCL2 expression was detected in 35% of patients with MTX–BLPD, which was lower than 93% of control DLBCL patients (P < 0.01). Eleven patients with EBV+ MTX–BLPD (44%) showed remission after MTX withdrawal. In RA patients with clinical stage III/IV BLPD, 15 with rituximab (R)+ cytotoxic therapies pursued better prognosis than 10 with R− cytotoxic therapies (P < 0.05). Among the 15 patients, seven with MTX–BLPD showed better overall survival than nine control DLBCL patients (P < 0.01).ConclusionsIn RA patients with MTX–BLPD, immunosuppression by MTX, EBV infection and low BCL2 expression in tumour cells may play roles in tumorigenesis and tumour regression. R+ cytotoxic therapies as well as MTX withdrawal were highly effective in these patients.
Risk factors of striae gravidarum
Authors: Kasielska‐Trojan A. , Sobczak M. , Antoszewski B. 
Published: November 2014

SynopsisBackgroundStretch marks are a common skin disorder. Pregnancy‐related lesions are defined as striae gravidarum. The root cause of striae formation remains unknown.ObjectiveThe aim of this paper was to identify the risk factors associated with striae gravidarum (SG) development.Patients and methodsThe study was conducted at Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Clinic and Obstetrics Outpatient Department among 299 Caucasian women maximum 6 months after the delivery, regardless of whether they were primiparas or multiparas.ResultsAmong the women participating in the study, 71.2% (213 of 299) developed striae gravidarum at least in one site. Logistic regression analysis showed that four of the analysed factors were independent predictors of striae gravidarum occurrence: family history of SG, BMI before pregnancy, the lack of chronic diseases and birthweight (P < 0.0001). It has been found that the presence of striae distensae on the breasts increases the risk of SG development (71.4% vs. 28.6%, P = 0.0008), whereas the presence of these lesions on the thighs decreases the risk (23% vs. 77%, P = 0.0076).ConclusionIn this study, we presented a model that can help to predict the risk of SG formation, including family history of SG, BMI before pregnancy, birthweight and chronic diseases. Moreover, women with stretch marks on their breasts should know that the risk of SG development is significantly higher, whereas lesions on the thighs do not increase such a risk.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin: epidemiology, classification, management, and novel trends
Authors: Kallini Joseph R. , Hamed Nouran , Khachemoune Amor 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSquamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common non‐melanoma skin cancer. It originates from epidermal keratinocytes or adnexal structures (such as eccrine glands or pilosebaceous units). We describe the salient features of cutaneousSCC. We also review novel classification schemes proposed during the last decade which attempt to stratifySCClesions based on prognosis. Biopsy leads to definitive diagnosis. Treatment includes surgical excision; Mohs micrographic surgery produces excellent cure rates and spares the maximal amount of tissue. Other modalities include electrodessication and curettage, cryosurgery, radiotherapy, topical medications, photodynamic therapy, and systemic therapy. Management and follow‐up depend on the risk stratification of individual lesions.
Self‐conscious Shyness: Growth during Toddlerhood, Strong Role of Genetics, and No Prediction from Fearful Shyness
Authors: Eggum‐Wilkens Natalie D. , Lemery‐Chalfant Kathryn , Aksan Nazan , Goldsmith H. Hill 
Published: November 2014

Fearful and self‐conscious subtypes of shyness have received little attention in the empirical literature. Study aims included the following: (1) determining whether fearful shyness predicted self‐conscious shyness, (2) describing development of self‐conscious shyness, and (3) examining genetic and environmental contributions to fearful and self‐conscious shyness. Observed self‐conscious shyness was examined at 19, 22, 25, and 28 months in same‐sex twins (MZ = 102, DZ = 111, missing zygosity = 3 pairs). Self‐conscious shyness increased across toddlerhood, but onset was earlier than predicted by theory. Fearful shyness (observed [6 and 12 months] and parents’ reports [12 and 22 months]) was not predictive of self‐conscious shyness. Independent genetic factors made strong contributions to parent‐reported (but not observed) fearful shyness (additive genetic influence = .69 and .72 at 12 and 22 months, respectively) and self‐conscious shyness (additive genetic influence = .90 for the growth model intercept). Results encourage future investigation of patterns of change and inter‐relations in shyness subtypes.
Classification of Ocular Atopic/Allergic Disorders and Conditions: an Unsolved Problem
Authors: Calonge Margarita 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT.Purpose: To review the different classifications of ocular allergic diseases and to define the most suitable one according to the current understanding of the pathophysiology and clinical course of these disorders.Methods: Review of the major published ocular allergy classifications.Results: Based on past and present classifications, the author proposes the following classification: 1. allergic conjunctivitis (acute and chronic); 2. giant papillary conjunctivitis; 3. vernal keratoconjunctivitis; and 4. atopic keratoconjunctivitis. In addition, use of the term “allergic conjunctivitis” as a synonym for all ocular allergic disease is discouraged.Conclusion: The proposed classification for ocular allergic disorders intends to unify the present criteria and to serve as an initial forum of discussion. This should enhance a common understanding among and between ophthalmologists and other allergy specialists. Constructive criticism of this classification system is required for further improvement.
High‐Pressure Investigation in the System SiO2–GeO2: Mutual Solubility of Si and Ge in Quartz, Coesite and Rutile Phases
Authors: Gullikson Amber L. , Leinenweber Kurt , Stoyanov Emil , Zhang Hui , Malik Abds‐Sami 
Published: November 2014

Mutual solubilities in crystalline phases in the system SiO2–GeO2 have been investigated up to 10 GPa pressure and 1500°C temperature, using a bulk composition of 50 mol% GeO2. Solid solution of up to 40 mol% GeO2 into the mineral quartz has been confirmed as well as solubility of Si into GeO2 rutile (argutite) and Ge into SiO2 rutile (stishovite) phases and limited Ge into coesite. Solubility of Ge in quartz is very high, and decreases with pressure, with the univariant quartz‐out reaction occurring near 3.4 GPa at 1200°C. The solubility of GeO2 in coesite is highest at 3.4 GPa (about 8 mol%) and decreases with increasing pressure. Significantly more extensive solubility than previously reported for the rutile phases has been found and measured in detail as a function of pressure and temperature. Extensive solubility of SiO2 in GeO2 is found in argutite at 1200°C, increasing strongly with pressure and reaching a maximum of 25.2 mol% SiO2 in GeO2 at 9 GPa. At this point coesite (ss) plus argutite (ss) react to form a stishovite phase with 18 mol% GeO2, and the mutual solubility in both phases decreases above this pressure. At 1500°C, similar solubilities are observed but the maximum SiO2 solubility in argutite of just over 25 mol% occurs near 10 GPa. All these solid solutions can be recovered to ambient temperature and pressure. Phase diagrams and unit cell information of the phases are presented here. Based on these results, a useful and industrially relevant, application for accurately measuring high pressure is suggested.
Self‐rated health and health‐strengthening factors in community‐living frail older people
Authors: Ebrahimi Zahra , Dahlin‐Ivanoff Synneve , Eklund Kajsa , Jakobsson Annika , Wilhelmson Katarina 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to analyse the explanatory power of variables measuring health‐strengthening factors for self‐rated health among community‐living frail older people.BackgroundFrailty is commonly constructed as a multi‐dimensional geriatric syndrome ascribed to the multi‐system deterioration of the reserve capacity in older age. Frailty in older people is associated with decreased physical and psychological well‐being. However, knowledge about the experiences of health in frail older people is still limited.DesignThe design of the study was cross‐sectional.MethodThe data were collected between October 2008 and November 2010 through face‐to‐face structured interviews with older people aged 65–96 years (N = 161). Binary logistic regression was used to analyse whether a set of explanatory relevant variables is associated with self‐rated health.ResultsThe results from the final model showed that satisfaction with one's ability to take care of oneself, having 10 or fewer symptoms and not feeling lonely had the best explanatory power for community‐living frail older peoples' experiences of good health.ConclusionThe results indicate that a multi‐disciplinary approach is desirable, where the focus should not only be on medical problems but also on providing supportive services to older people to maintain their independence and experiences of health despite frailty.
Qualitative systematic review: barriers and facilitators to smoking cessation experienced by women in pregnancy and following childbirth
Authors: Flemming Kate , McCaughan Dorothy , Angus Kathryn , Graham Hilary 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAimTo explore barriers and facilitators to smoking cessation experienced by women during pregnancy and postpartum by undertaking a synthesis of qualitative studies.BackgroundThe majority of pregnant women are aware that smoking in pregnancy compromises maternal and infant health. Despite this knowledge, quit rates among pregnant women remain low, particularly among women in disadvantaged circumstances; disadvantage also increases the chances of living with a partner who smokes and returning to smoking after birth. A deeper understanding of what hinders and what helps pregnant smokers to quit and remain ex‐smokers postpartum is needed.DesignA synthesis of qualitative research using meta‐ethnography.Data sourcesFive electronic databases (January 1990–May 2013) were searched comprehensively, updating and extending the search for an earlier review to identify qualitative research related to the review's aims.Review methodsFollowing appraisal, 38 studies reported in 42 papers were included and synthesized following the principles of meta‐ethnography. Over 1100 pregnant women were represented, the majority drawn from disadvantaged groups.ResultsFour factors were identified that acted both as barriers and facilitators to women's ability to quit smoking in pregnancy and postpartum: psychological well‐being, relationships with significant others, changing connections with her baby through and after pregnancy; appraisal of the risk of smoking.ConclusionThe synthesis indicates that barriers and facilitators are not fixed and mutually exclusive categories; instead, they are factors with a latent capacity to help or hinder smoking cessation. For disadvantaged smokers, these factors are more often experienced as barriers than facilitators to quitting.
Dementia care in European countries, from the perspective of people with dementia and their caregivers
Authors: Karlsson Staffan , Bleijlevens Michel , Roe Brenda , Saks Kai , Martin Maria Soto , Stephan Astrid , Suhonen Riita , Zabalegui Adelaida , Hallberg Ingalill R. ,   the RightTimeCarePlace Consortium
Published: November 2014

AbstractAimTo investigate persons with dementia and their informal caregivers' views of inter‐sectoral information, communication and collaboration throughout the trajectory of dementia care, in eight European countries.BackgroundLiving with dementia and being next of kin to a person with dementia means having to live through stages that have different characteristics, needs, challenges and requirements.DesignQualitative research. Focus groups were conducted in England, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, The Netherlands, Spain and Sweden.MethodsPersons with dementia and their informal caregivers (N = 137) participated in focus group interviews during 2011. Content analysis generated a tentative model of information, communication and collaboration for people with dementia and their caregivers, which was then tested.ResultsThe core finding was that information, communication and collaboration were to be focused on the persons with dementia and the informal caregivers. Entering into the trajectory of the disease and its consequences was addressed as an important point of departure. The relation to professional care required establishing a trusting relationship, tailor‐made intervention and a single person or organization to contact. Professional knowledge and commitment, variation in service and care adapted to needs were important.ConclusionAs focus of care is on the person with dementia and their informal caregivers, a dyadic approach seems most suitable for dementia care. A trusting relationship and a specific person or organization to contact seem to be indicators of best practice, as does adaptation to the needs of the person with dementia and their informal caregiver.
Generation‐specific incentives and disincentives for nurse faculty to remain employed
Authors: Tourangeau Ann E. , Wong Matthew , Saari Margaret , Patterson Erin 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAimsThe aims of this paper are to: (1) describe work characteristics that nurse faculty report encourage them to remain in or leave their academic positions; and (2) determine if there are generational differences in work characteristics selected.BackgroundNurse faculty play key roles in preparing new nurses and graduate nurses. However, educational institutions are challenged to maintain full employment in faculty positions.DesignA cross‐sectional, descriptive survey design was employed.MethodsOntario nurse faculty were asked to select, from a list, work characteristics that entice them to remain in or leave their faculty positions. Respondent data (n = 650) were collected using mailed surveys over four months in 2011.ResultsWhile preferred work characteristics differed across generations, the most frequently selected incentives enticing nurse faculty to stay were having: a supportive director/dean, reasonable workloads, supportive colleagues, adequate resources, manageable class sizes and work/life balance. The most frequently selected disincentives included: unmanageable workloads, unsupportive organizations, poor work environments, exposure to bullying, belittling and other types of incivility in the workplace and having an unsupportive director/dean.ConclusionThis research yields new and important knowledge about work characteristics that nurse faculty report shape their decisions to remain in or leave their current employment. Certain work characteristics were rated as important among all generations. Where similarities exist, broad strategies addressing work characteristics may effectively promote nurse faculty retention. However, where generational differences exist, retention‐promoting strategies should target generation‐specific preferences.
The Impact of the Management Approach on Segment Reporting
Authors: Bugeja Martin , Czernkowski Robert , Moran Daryl 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAccounting standard setters have increasingly attempted to align external segment reporting disclosures to a firm's internal reporting structure. We study how this move to the management approach for segment reporting impacted the number of reported segments and the extent of line item disclosures when Australia adopted IAS 14 (revised) and IFRS 8. We find that both standards led to firms disclosing a greater number of segments. An examination of the motives behind the non‐disclosure of segments suggests that segment information was withheld for agency cost reasons. We find only limited support for the proprietary cost motive for non‐reporting of segments. We also document that IFRS 8 led to a reduction in the amount of line item disclosure. Consistent with a proprietary cost explanation, the decrease in disclosure is greatest for firms with a higher number of profitable segments. Our results indicate that the change to the management approach to segment identification is not associated with the properties of analyst forecasts, nor did it lead to increased analyst following.
How much can history constrain adaptive evolution? A real‐time evolutionary approach of inversion polymorphisms in Drosophila subobscura
Authors: Fragata I. , Lopes‐Cunha M. , Bárbaro M. , Kellen B. , Lima M. , Santos M. A. , Faria G. S. , Santos M. , Matos M. , Simões P. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractChromosomal inversions are present in a wide range of animals and plants, having an important role in adaptation and speciation. Although empirical evidence of their adaptive value is abundant, the role of different processes underlying evolution of chromosomal polymorphisms is not fully understood. History and selection are likely to shape inversion polymorphism variation to an extent yet largely unknown. Here, we perform a real‐time evolution study addressing the role of historical constraints and selection in the evolution of these polymorphisms. We founded laboratory populations of Drosophila subobscura derived from three locations along the European cline and followed the evolutionary dynamics of inversion polymorphisms throughout the first 40 generations. At the beginning, populations were highly differentiated and remained so throughout generations. We report evidence of positive selection for some inversions, variable between foundations. Signs of negative selection were more frequent, in particular for most cold‐climate standard inversions across the three foundations. We found that previously observed convergence at the phenotypic level in these populations was not associated with convergence in inversion frequencies. In conclusion, our study shows that selection has shaped the evolutionary dynamics of inversion frequencies, but doing so within the constraints imposed by previous history. Both history and selection are therefore fundamental to predict the evolutionary potential of different populations to respond to global environmental changes.
Virulence of Beauveria brongniartii and B. bassiana against Schizonycha affinis white grubs and adults (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Authors: Goble T. A. , Conlong D. E. , Hill M. P. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractTwo endemic scarab pests, Schizonycha affinis Boheman and Hypopholis sommeri Burmeister (Coleoptera: Melolonthinae) have increased in prevalence in the sugarcane producing regions of the KwaZulu‐Natal Midlands, South Africa. The crop losses associated with their feeding, the failure of chemical insecticides applied for their control, and the recent discovery of Beauveria brongniartii (Sacc.) Petch (Ascomycota: Cordycipitaceae) epizootics on these pests, have generated interest in the development of a mycoinsecticide targeting adults and larvae of these species. Previous research, using microsatellite markers, identified low levels of genetic diversity among isolates of B. brongniartii collected from two field sites where epizootics occurred. The virulence of 21 of these closely related B. brongniartii isolates and two isolates of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin was evaluated. Bioassays were conducted against adults and larvae of S. affinis, and adult Tenebrio molitor (L.) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) as a surrogate test insect. The closely related B. brongniartii isolates varied significantly in their virulence towards both S. affinis (50.1–95% mortality) and T. molitor (39–74% mortality), with a number of these not highly virulent against either of these insect species. Those isolates sharing a haplotype did not vary in virulence. Adults of S. affinis were more susceptible than larvae to isolates of B. brongniartii. The median lethal concentration (LC50) required to kill half the adult S. affinis test insects was 7.65 × 106 conidia per millilitre. Schizonycha affinis second instar larvae had a median survival time of 17.5 days when exposed to some B. brongniartii isolates; however, third instars survived significantly longer with a median of 21 days. Third instars exposed to the highest concentration of B. brongniartii isolate HHWG1 survived for a median time of 15 days. Bioassays supported the finding that genetically closely related isolates may vary in their virulence, even if they were obtained from the same field epizootics.