bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What Is Decidable in Separation Logic Beyond Progress, Connectivity and Establishment?
Authors: Bozec Tanguy , Peltier Nicolas , Petitjean Quentin , Sighireanu Mihaela 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe predicate definitions in Separation Logic (SL) play an important role: they capture a large spectrum of unbounded heap shapes due to their inductiveness. This expressiveness power comes with a limitation: the entailment problem is undecidable if predicates have general inductive definitions (ID). Iosif et al. [8] proposed syntactic and semantic conditions, called PCE, on the ID of predicates to ensure the decidability of the entailment problem. We provide a (possibly nonterminating) algorithm to transform arbitrary ID into equivalent PCE definitions when possible. We show that the existence of an equivalent PCE definition for a given ID is undecidable, but we identify necessary conditions that are decidable. The algorithm has been implemented, and experimental results are reported on a benchmark, including significant examples from .
Ruffle&Riley: Insights from Designing and Evaluating a Large Language Model-Based Conversational Tutoring System
Authors: Schmucker Robin , Xia Meng , Azaria Amos , Mitchell Tom 
Published: July 2024

AbstractConversational tutoring systems (CTSs) offer learning experiences through interactions based on natural language. They are recognized for promoting cognitive engagement and improving learning outcomes, especially in reasoning tasks. Nonetheless, the cost associated with authoring CTS content is a major obstacle to widespread adoption and to research on effective instructional design. In this paper, we discuss and evaluate a novel type of CTS that leverages recent advances in large language models (LLMs) in two ways: First, the system enables AI-assisted content authoring by inducing an easily editable tutoring script automatically from a lesson text. Second, the system automates the script orchestration in a learning-by-teaching format via two LLM-based agents (Ruffle&Riley) acting as a student and a professor. The system allows for free-form conversations that follow the ITS-typical inner and outer loop structure. We evaluate Ruffle&Riley’s ability to support biology lessons in two between-subject online user studies ($$N = 200$$

N
=
200

) comparing the system to simpler QA chatbots and reading activity. Analyzing system usage patterns, pre/post-test scores and user experience surveys, we find that Ruffle&Riley users report high levels of engagement, understanding and perceive the offered support as helpful. Even though Ruffle&Riley users require more time to complete the activity, we did not find significant differences in short-term learning gains over the reading activity. Our system architecture and user study provide various insights for designers of future CTSs. We further open-source our system to support ongoing research on effective instructional design of LLM-based learning technologies.
Quantum Annular Homology and Bigger Burnside Categories
Authors: Morán Federico Cantero , García-Rodrigo Sergio , Silvero Marithania 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAs part of their construction of the Khovanov spectrum, Lawson, Lipshitz and Sarkar assigned to each cube in the Burnside category of finite sets and finite correspondences, a finite cellular spectrum. In this paper, we extend this assignment to cubes in Burnside categories of infinite sets. This is later applied to the work of Akhmechet, Krushkal and Willis on the quantum annular Khovanov spectrum with an action of a finite cyclic group: we obtain a quantum annular Khovanov spectrum with an action of the infinite cyclic group.
Effect of moisture content on the mechanical performance of 3D printed continuous reinforced two-matrix composite
Authors: Andreozzi Marina , Gentili Serena , Forcellese Pietro , Bellezze Tiziano , Corinaldesi Valeria , Luzi Francesca , Vita Alessio 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAdditive manufacturing, particularly Fused Filament Fabrication, has gained significant attraction in recent years. In order to increase the mechanical performances of several components, continuous reinforcements, such as carbon fibers, can be coextruded with a polymeric matrix.The present study relies on a specific 3D printing process, called towpreg coextrusion, which exploits continuous carbon fibers covered with an epoxy resin and polyamide (PA) as the thermoplastic matrix, thus obtaining a 3D printed two-matrix composite. Since polyamide is a highly hygroscopic material, the impact of moisture content on the mechanical properties of 3D-printed continuous composites was investigated. Tensile and flexural specimens were manufactured and tested under both undried and dried conditions. Drying treatment was carried out at a temperature of 70 °C for 2 h in oven, with weight measurements before and after for quantifying weight loss and then the moisture removal. Additionally, through thermogravimetric analysis, the thermal stability of the material was assessed. It was observed that the drying process allows for a reduction of up to 0.56% by weight of moisture in the specimens. Thus, the drying process led to an improvement in the mechanical properties of the material. Specifically, the tests reveal a 15% increase in tensile strength and an 11.5% increase in flexural strength following the drying process, reaching values of 392.78 MPa and 151.06 MPa, respectively. Similarly, an increase in the tensile and flexural moduli was noted in the treated specimens. Finally, fractured samples underwent optical and scanning electron microscopy analysis, through which different fracture mechanisms of the material and the presence of macrovoids and microvoids attributable to the 3D printing process were observed. Knowledge of deposition defects represents an important starting point for the improvement of the process and the mechanical properties obtained to date. This research provides valuable insights into optimizing 3D-printed continuous composites, emphasizing the importance of moisture control for superior mechanical performance in industrial applications.
Globally solvable time-periodic evolution equations in Gelfand–Shilov classes
Authors: de Ávila Silva Fernando , Cappiello Marco 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this paper we consider a class of evolution operators with coefficients depending on time and space variables $$(t,x) \in {\mathbb {T}}\times {\mathbb {R}}^n$$

(
t
,
x
)

∈
T
×

R

n

, where $${\mathbb {T}}$$
T
is the one-dimensional torus, and prove necessary and sufficient conditions for their global solvability in (time-periodic) Gelfand–Shilov spaces. The argument of the proof is based on a characterization of these spaces in terms of the eigenfunction expansions given by a fixed self-adjoint, globally elliptic differential operator on $${\mathbb {R}}^n$$

R

n

.
Electrospun fibrillary scaffold for electrochemical cell biomarkers detection
Authors: Beregoi Mihaela , Oprea Daniela , Bunea Mihaela Cristina , Enculescu Monica , Enache Teodor Adrian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA novel scaffold for in situ electrochemical detection of cell biomarkers was developed using electrospun nanofibers and commercial adhesive polymeric membranes. The electrochemical sensing of cell biomarkers requires the cultivation of the cells on/near the (bio)sensor surface in a manner to preserve an appropriate electroactive available surface and to avoid the surface passivation and sensor damage. This can be achieved by employing biocompatible nanofiber meshes that allow the cells to have a normal behavior and do not alter the electrochemical detection. For a better mechanical stability and ease of handling, nylon 6/6 nanofibers were collected on commercial polymeric membranes, at an optimal fiber density, obtaining a double-layered platform. To demonstrate the functionality of the fabricated scaffold, the screening of cellular stress has been achieved integrating melanoma B16-F10 cells and the (bio)sensor components on the transducer whereas the melanin exocytosis was successfully quantified using a commercial electrode. Either directly on the surface of the (bio)sensor or spatially detached from it, the integration of cell cultures in biosensing platforms based on electrospun nanofibers represents a powerful bioanalytical tool able to provide real-time information about the biomarker release, enzyme activity or inhibition, and monitoring of various cellular events.
Graphical Abstract
Effects of using rubrics in self-assessment with instructor feedback on pre-service teachers’ academic performance, self-regulated learning and perceptions of self-assessment
Authors: Karaman Pınar 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study aims to explore the effects of pre-service teachers’ use of rubric in self-assessment with instructor feedback on academic achievement and self-regulated learning. Their perceptions and experiences of the self-assessment intervention were also investigated. A total of 79 pre-service teachers participated in the study. A mixed methods approach was used as a blend of experimental and qualitative design. The quasi-experimental research model with pretest/posttest control group design was employed in the quantitative phase of the study. The pre-service teachers (N = 79) were assigned to either use of rubric in self-assessment involving tutor feedback condition or a non-self-assessment condition for their essay assignments. Besides, the pre-service teachers’ perceptions and experiences of using self-assessment with instructor feedback were explored in the qualitative phase of the study. Data were collected using a rubric, an achievement test, a self-regulation in learning subscale and reflective journals. The results indicated that the rubric used in self-assessment with instructor feedback group had higher achievement and use of self-regulated learning strategies than the no-intervention group. The reflective journals also revealed that most of the pre-service teachers found the self-assessment a useful learning tool. They felt that it helped them to improve their learning by guiding them to set their own goals, monitor their progress and reflect on their learning through their own tasks. The implications for educational research and practice are discussed.
A Machine Learning Boosted Data Reduction Methodology for Translaminar Fracture of Structural Composites
Authors: Mocerino Davide , Zarzoso Moisés , Sket Federico , Molina Jon , González Carlos 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis work explored a machine learning (ML) algorithm as a fast data reduction method for translaminar fracture energy in composite laminates. The method was validated with translaminar fracture tests on compact tension (CT) specimens on AS4/8552 and IM7/8552 cross-ply lay-ups. Experimental fracture energy and R-curves for both materials were determined using the most common data reduction methods, such as the compliance calibration (CC), the area (AM) and the Irwin relationship (IM). Our new data reduction method uses a surrogate model based on an artificial neural network (ANN) trained with synthetic data generated with the cohesive crack finite element model. Such a surrogate model maps the cohesive properties with the corresponding load–displacement, crack-displacement and energy-displacement curves with interrogation times in the order of 20 ms and relative errors in the load–displacement and crack growth less than 2%. Such performance enabled its encapsulation to approximate the inverse problem to infer the cohesive parameters with the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) directly from the experimental load–displacement and crack-displacement curves. The results demonstrated the ability of the model to deliver cohesive parameter inference directly from the macroscopic tests carried out at the laboratory level.
The digital transformation of jurisprudence: an evaluation of ChatGPT-4’s applicability to solve cases in business law
Authors: Schweitzer Sascha , Conrads Markus 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn the evolving landscape of legal information systems, ChatGPT-4 and other advanced conversational agents (CAs) offer the potential to disruptively transform the law industry. This study evaluates commercially available CAs within the German legal context, thereby assessing the generalizability of previous U.S.-based findings. Employing a unique corpus of 200 distinct legal tasks, ChatGPT-4 was benchmarked against Google Bard, Google Gemini, and its predecessor, ChatGPT-3.5. Human-expert and automated assessments of 4000 CA-generated responses reveal ChatGPT-4 to be the first CA to surpass the threshold of solving realistic legal tasks and passing a German business law exam. While ChatGPT-4 outperforms ChatGPT-3.5, Google Bard, and Google Gemini in both consistency and quality, the results demonstrate a considerable degree of variability, especially in complex cases with no predefined response options. Based on these findings, legal professionals should manually verify all texts produced by CAs before use. Novices must exercise caution with CA-generated legal advice, given the expertise needed for its assessment.
Scoring the Ethics of AI Robo-Advice: Why We Need Gateways and Ratings
Authors: Kofman Paul 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUnlike the many services already transformed by artificial intelligence (AI), the financial advice sector remains committed to a human interface. That is surprising as an AI-powered financial advisor (a robo-advisor) can offer personalised financial advice at much lower cost than traditional human advice. This is particularly important for those who need but cannot afford or access traditional financial advice. Robo-advice is easily accessible, available on-demand, and pools all relevant information in finding and implementing an optimal financial plan. In a perfectly competitive market for financial advice, robo-advice should prevail. Unfortunately, this market is imperfect with asymmetric information causing generalised advice aversion with a disproportionate lack of trust in robo-advice. Initial distrust makes advice clients reluctant to use, or switch to, robo-advice. This paper investigates the ethical concerns specific to robo-advice underpinning this lack of trust. We propose a regulatory framework addressing these concerns to ensure robo-advice can be an ethical resource for good, resolving the increasing complexity of financial decision-making. Fit for purpose regulation augments initial trust in robo-advice and supports advice clients in discriminating between high-trust and low-trust robo-advisors. Aspiring robo-advisors need to clear four licensing gateways to qualify for an AI Robo-Advice License (AIRAL). Licensed robo-advisors should then be monitored for ethical compliance. Using a balanced score card for ethical performance generates an ethics rating. This gateways-and-ratings methodology builds trust in the robo-advisory market through improved transparency, reduced information asymmetry, and lower risk of adverse selection.
A Penguin is Not a Giraffe: Categorizing Preschool Children According to Temperament
Authors: Maine Jana , Huelsman Timothy J. , Gagnon Sandra Glover , Webb Rose Mary , Kidder-Ashley Pamela 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTemperament is a widely researched trait that significantly influences children’s lives. Still, theorists differ in their perspectives on the construct. With their nine dimensions of temperament and three “categories” of children—easy, difficult, or slow to warm up—Thomas and colleagues (1968) laid the foundation for future temperament research. Subsequent researchers have identified temperament profiles that are similar to but not completely consistent with Thomas and colleagues’ model. Still, most conceptualizations exist primarily for researchers and may be challenging to translate for educators who work directly with children and their caregivers. Therefore, this study had two aims. First, we used cluster analysis to corroborate and extend research that categorized children into temperament groups. We identified four groups that converge and one group that diverges from previous findings. Our second, more important purpose was to strengthen the link between research and practice by conceptualizing our results in a way that is understandable to educators and caregivers. The challenging task of capturing the nature of each cluster in one or even a few words led us to adopt a zoomorphic approach in which we assigned nonhuman animal names to each group: koalas, penguins, dogs, bobcats, and giraffes. Our findings support previous groupings of children by temperament and provide a consumer-friendly model that facilitates communication between caregivers and educators.
Recourse, Litigation, and the Rule of Law
Authors: Shapiro Matthew A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRecent high-profile lawsuits have supported competing narratives that alternately depict civil litigation as an essential instrument of the rule of law and a threat to the ideal. This essay argues that each narrative captures an important element of truth and that Gerald Postema’s account of the rule of law in his book Law’s Rule helps us (albeit unwittingly) to see why. While Postema presents recourse for alleged abuses of power as a universal and enduring facet of the rule of law, his conception of recourse turns out to resemble core features of the kind of adversarial litigation process exemplified by the U.S. federal civil justice system. Yet such a system both promises to promote and threatens to undermine each of the three principles that Postema claims are entailed by his understanding of the rule of law—namely, sovereignty, equality, and fidelity. Realizing recourse thus requires confronting difficult tradeoffs within each of those principles, as well as within the overarching rule-of-law ideal. And if the rule of law can’t be instantiated unequivocally in any particular set of institutions, then perhaps we should be more willing to treat the ideal as a subject of politics rather than just a constraint on it.
Locative grounding harmony
Authors: Baron Samuel , Miller Kristie , Tallant Jonathan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we explore locative grounding harmony, according to which the location of the grounds mirrors the location of the grounded. We proceed in three stages. First, we clarify the notion of locative harmony and describe different locative harmony principles. Second, we offer two arguments for the claim that grounding between physically located entities obeys principles of locative harmony. Third, we consider and respond to a range of cases that seem to show that grounding relations between physically located entities do not obey such principles. We conclude that grounding between such entities obeys locative harmony.
Women’s Experiences of Sexual Harassment and Reductions in Well-Being and System Justification
Authors: Howard Chloe , Overall Nickola C. , Osborne Danny , Sibley Chris G. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study examines the impact of personally experiencing sexual harassment on women’s subjective well-being and perceptions of gender relations and society. We draw upon large-scale national probability panel data and utilize propensity score matching to identify (1) women who reported sexual harassment in the past year and (2) a matched control group of women who were comparable in outcome and demographic variables in the previous year but did not report sexual harassment (Nmatched pairs = 609). We then compare pre- and post-event levels of well-being and system justification across groups, including the perceived fairness of gender relations and society in general. Women who reported sexual harassment experienced significant pre-to-post declines in well-being (lower life satisfaction, higher psychological distress) and reductions in perceptions that gender relations, and broader society, are fair. Critically, these changes were significantly different than matched controls who did not show the same pre-post changes in well-being or system justification. These results provide robust evidence that sexual harassment has detrimental effects on well-being and document the previously unexamined effect of sexual harassment on women’s reduced support for the (gendered) status quo, which has important implications for social change.
Conformism, distinction and heterogeneity in an agent-based model of fads
Authors: Bargigli Leonardo , Pietrini Filippo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe examine the dependence of the cyclical fluctuations of demand on specific behavioral attitudes of heterogeneous agents. Starting from a modified version of the model of Tassier (Complexity 9(5):51-61, 2004), we use simulations to explore consumption dynamics and market shares when agents are inclined both to conformism and distinction, two necessary conditions for fashion in Simmel (Am j Sociol 62(6): 541–558, 1957). Our results challenge the view stating that conspicuous consumption is typical only of a wealthy class and of some positional goods, since we make no assumptions about features of the goods or income distribution.
In Vitro and In Vivo Degradation of the New Dissolvable Surgical Wire, Produced from Zn Based Low Alloy by Hot and Cold Drawing
Authors: Milenin A. , Kustra P. , Lelek-Borkowska U. , Wróbel M. , Marzec M. , Sulej-Chojnacka J. , Półrolniczak J. , Polkowska I. , Nowicka B. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe biocorrosion of a new surgical wire (0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 mm in diameter) obtained from a ZnMg0.004 alloy by hot and cold drawing was characterized using in vitro tests in a bovine animal serum solution and in vivo tests – through placement in the muscles of a rabbit and a in cat's broken paw. Corrosion gravimetric tests were carried out in a corrosive environment refreshed every 3 days and also one which remained unchanged throughout the test period. Electrochemical tests were performed in the same solution of serum as in gravimetric tests. Depending on the initial diameter, complete dissolution of the wire was observed after 36-78 days of immersion in periodically changed serum solution. None of the wires completely dissolved over 120 days in the unreplaced serum solution. The corrosion rate values determined in electrochemical and gravimetric tests were similar. After 90 days of in vivo tests, both in the body of the rabbit and the cat, the degradation of the wire was similar to in vitro tests in the unreplaced serum solution. No harmful effects were observed in the animals.