bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adjustments for Drink Size and Ethanol Content: New Results from a Self‐Report Diary and Transdermal Sensor Validation Study
Authors: Bond Jason C. , Greenfield Thomas K. , Patterson Deidre , Kerr William C. 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundPrior studies adjusting self‐reported measures of alcohol intake for drink size and ethanol (EtOH) content have relied on single‐point assessments.MethodsA prospective 28‐day diary study investigated magnitudes of drink‐EtOH adjustments and factors associated with these adjustments. Transdermal alcohol sensor (TAS) readings and prediction of alcohol‐related problems by number of drinks versus EtOH‐adjusted intake were used to validate drink‐EtOH adjustments. Self‐completed event diaries listed up to 4 beverage types and 4 drinking events/d. Eligible volunteers had ≥ weekly drinking and ≥3+ drinks per occasion with ≥26 reported days and pre‐ and postsummary measures (n = 220). Event reports included drink types, sizes, brands or spirits contents, venues, drinks consumed, and drinking duration.ResultsWine drinks averaged 1.19, beer 1.09, and spirits 1.54 U.S. standard drinks (14 g EtOH). Mean‐adjusted alcohol intake was 22% larger using drink size and strength (brand/EtOH concentration) data. Adjusted drink levels were larger than “raw” drinks in all quantity ranges. Individual‐level drink‐EtOH adjustment ratios (EtOH adjusted/unadjusted amounts) averaged across all days drinking ranged from 0.73 to 3.33 (mean 1.22). Adjustment ratio was only marginally (and not significantly) positively related to usual quantity, frequency, and heavy drinking (all ps < 0.10), independent of gender, age, employment, and education, but those with lower incomes (both p < 0.01) drank stronger/bigger drinks. Controlling for raw number of drinks and other covariates, degree of adjustment independently predicted alcohol dependence symptoms (p < 0.01) and number of consequences (p < 0.05). In 30 respondents with sufficiently high‐quality TAS readings, higher correlations (p = 0.04) were found between the adjusted versus the raw drinks/event and TAS areas under the curve.ConclusionsAbsent drink size and strength data, intake assessments are downward biased by at least 20%. Between‐subject variation in typical drink content and pour sizes should be addressed in treatment and epidemiological research.
Estimating the Size of Populations at High Risk for HIV Using Respondent-Driven Sampling Data
Authors: Handcock Mark S. , Gile Krista J. , Mar Corinne M. 
Published: January 2015

Summary
The study of hard-to-reach populations presents significant challenges. Typically, a sampling frame is not available, and population members are difficult to identify or recruit from broader sampling frames. This is especially true of populations at high risk for HIV/AIDS. Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) is often used in such settings with the primary goal of estimating the prevalence of infection. In such populations, the number of people at risk for infection and the number of people infected are of fundamental importance. This article presents a case-study of the estimation of the size of the hard-to-reach population based on data collected through RDS. We study two populations of female sex workers and men-who-have-sex-with-men in El Salvador. The approach is Bayesian and we consider different forms of prior information, including using the UNAIDS population size guidelines for this region. We show that the method is able to quantify the amount of information on population size available in RDS samples. As separate validation, we compare our results to those estimated by extrapolating from a capture–recapture study of El Salvadorian cities. The results of our case-study are largely comparable to those of the capture–recapture study when they differ from the UNAIDS guidelines. Our method is widely applicable to data from RDS studies and we provide a software package to facilitate this.
Suicidality, self‐harm and psychotic‐like symptoms in a general adolescent psychiatric sample
Authors: Lindgren Maija , Manninen Marko , Kalska Hely , Mustonen Ulla , Laajasalo Taina , Moilanen Kari , Huttunen Matti O. , Cannon Tyrone D. , Suvisaari Jaana , Therman Sebastian 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAimWe investigated the associations between clinical high‐risk for psychosis (CHR), psychotic‐like symptoms and suicidality among adolescent psychiatric patients.MethodsThe sample consisted of 54 CHR and 107 non‐CHR psychiatric patients aged 15–18 in Helsinki, Finland, who were assessed at the beginning of their psychiatric treatment with the Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes (SIPS). Current suicidality was measured with the Beck Depression Inventory (item 9), while lifetime suicidality was evaluated from all available data, including patient files. The participants were followed for 2.8–8.9 years via the national hospital discharge register, with the follow‐up outcome being intentional self‐harm. Data on suicides were also gathered from the Causes of Death statistics.ResultsOnly 30.5% of the adolescents had no suicidal ideation at the beginning of their treatment. CHR risk state and SIPS‐assessed delusions, suspiciousness, and hallucinations were associated with higher current suicidality. Of the 154 adolescents with register follow‐up, there were five (3.2%) with intentional self‐harm resulting in hospital treatment, all female. CHR status was not associated with self‐harm. Current suicidality, familial risk of psychosis, and SIPS decreased expression of emotions were associated with self‐harm during follow‐up. In a Cox regression analysis model among girls, only decreased expression of emotions remained a significant predictor of intentional self‐harm. Baseline suicidality measures were not associated with transitions to psychosis.ConclusionsCHR status was associated with higher current suicidality but did not predict follow‐up intentional self‐harm in treatment‐seeking adolescents. Decreased expression of emotions may indicate higher risk of intentional self‐harm in adolescent treatment‐seeking girls.
Three‐dimensional analysis of fatigue tests on bituminous mixtures
Authors: Tapsoba N. , Sauzéat C. , Di Benedetto H. , Baaj H. , Ech M. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA tension–compression test on cylindrical specimens was used to study the three‐dimensional behaviour of bituminous mixtures during fatigue tests. The tests were carried out at 10 °C, 10 Hz at constant strain amplitude mode. The axial strain, radial strain and axial stress were measured using a prototype apparatus developed at the University of Lyon/“Ecole Nationale des TPE” (ENTPE). In addition to axial stress and strain analysis, the measurements of the radial strain made it possible to obtain the complex Poisson ratio and the volumetric strains during the tests. The results showed good correlations between the volumetric strains and global damage. The effects of the change of temperature due to viscous dissipation on the volumetric strain and on the complex modulus were also analysed.
THE 1.5 GENERATION'S MEMORY OF THE GDR: CHILD VICTIMS TESTIFY TO THE EXPERIENCE OF FORCED EXILE
Authors: Jilovsky Esther , Lewis Alison 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTThis article investigates the legacy of violence in the children of East German refugees, émigrés and victims of persecution exiled from the German Democratic Republic in the 1970s and 1980s. Through the analysis of Susanne Schädlich's memoir Immer wieder Dezember: der Westen, die Stasi, der Onkel und ich (2009) and the essay collection Ein Spaziergang war es nicht: Kindheiten zwischen Ost und West (2012) edited by Schädlich and her sister Anna Schädlich, we argue that this testimony reveals a distinct generational cohort. This age group (born between the mid‐1960s and early 1980s) is shaped by their parents’ experience of persecution, but also by the loss of the country of their childhood. Rather than a second generation memory this generation constitutes a 1.5 generation memory of the GDR. This can be characterised on the one hand as a type of traumatic memory stemming from the exile experience shared by both parents and children. On the other hand these memories constitute a counter‐narrative to ‘Ostalgie’, forming a bridging link between the dominant ‘Diktaturgedächtnis’ and what Martin Sabrow has called the ‘Arrangementgedächtnis’. In contrast to the ‘Wendekinder’ and ‘Dritte Generation Ost’, the 1.5 victim generation of the GDR bears a double burden: the effects of the hardship of exile are compounded by, rather than alleviated by, the fall of the Wall.
‘WELL‐INTEGRATED MUSLIMS’ AND ADOLESCENT ANTI‐VIOLENCE ACTIVISM IN BERLIN
Authors: Schuster‐Craig Johanna 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTMedia attention to Muslim populations in Europe often racialises Muslim men as aggressive, uneducated, and prone to domestic violence and even murder (honour killing). This article explores how ‘Projekt Heroes’, a social work project in Berlin designed to raise awareness about gendered violence, navigates and engages with this racialising journalistic discourse. Dependent as it is on the visibility provided by the media, ‘Projekt Heroes’ cannot avoid interacting with journalists. Journalistic discourse about ‘victimised’ Muslim women and ‘macho’ Muslim men has also created a space in popular narratives about immigration which makes the mission statement of ‘Projekt Heroes’ legible to outsiders. Despite this dependence on the media, internal activities within the organisation criticise mainstream sexist and racist narratives while their external activities must use the language of racialising scripts. As I show by analysing media representations of the project in print and on television, as well as the internal training activities off‐limits to journalists, ‘Projekt Heroes’ both participates in and negotiates with the stigmatising tropes of media discourse because of the potential benefits media recognition offers the young people ‘Projekt Heroes’ serves.
Parameters influencing FVIII pharmacokinetics in patients with severe and moderate haemophilia A
Authors: Kepa S. , Horvath B. , Reitter‐Pfoertner S. , Schemper M. , Quehenberger P. , Grundbichler M. , Heistinger M. , Neumeister P. , Mannhalter C. , Pabinger I. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryIn haemophilia A patients factor VIII (FVIII) recovery and half‐life can vary substantially. There are parameters known to modulate FVIII pharmacokinetics (PK), but they explain only about 34% of the variability. The aim of this study was to identify new parameters that influence FVIII PK and thus to expand the current knowledge. FVIII PK were determined in 42 haemophilia A patients (37 severe, 5 moderate) without inhibitor. Patients' characteristics and laboratory parameters were evaluated for an association with FVIII PK. We analysed plasma levels of low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 1 (LRP1) and protein C (PC) activity, which had been hypothesized to influence FVIII activity. Furthermore, four variations in intron 6 of the LRP1 gene, which had been shown to influence LRP1, were investigated. FVIII half‐life differed widely from 6.2 to 20.7 h, with a median of 10.0 h. Patients with blood group O had shorter FVIII half‐life compared to patients with non‐O blood group (median FVIII half‐life 9.0 h vs. 10.4 h, P = 0.018). Age was significantly associated with FVIII half‐life (r = 0.32, P = 0.035). Besides age, also VWF antigen (r = 0.52, P < 0.001) and blood group (r = −0.37, P = 0.015) was associated with FVIII half‐life. No correlation was found with FVIII‐ or LRP1‐genotype, LRP1 or PC concentrations. Our data showed large differences in FVIII PK between individual patients and revealed age, blood group and VWF levels as important determining factors for FVIII half‐life. FVIII genotype or levels of LRP1 or PC had no influence on FVIII PK.
Cloxacillin‐induced seizure in a hemodialysis patient
Authors: El Nekidy Wasim , Dziamarski Nicole , Soong Derrick , Donaldson Christine , Ibrahim Muhieldean , Kadri Albert 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWe are reporting a cloxacillin‐induced seizure in a patient with stage 5 chronic kidney disease requiring hemodialysis. To our knowledge, there are no published case reports of seizures induced by parenteral cloxacillin in hemodialysis patients. A young hemodialysis female was admitted to the hospital with decreased level of consciousness. Blood cultures revealed methicillin‐sensitive Staphylococcus aureus where cloxacillin 2 g intravenously every 4 hours was initiated. Head computed tomography (CT) was not significant. After 14 hours of cloxacillin therapy (4 doses), the patient demonstrated tonic/clonic seizure activity, where phenytoin and lorazepam were initiated. The anti‐seizure medications partially reduced seizure activity. Once the cloxacillin was discontinued, the seizures stopped. Two weeks later, all anti‐seizure medications were stopped with no further seizure activity. Cloxacillin elimination in hemodialysis patients is similar to patients with normal kidney function. Although cloxacillin does not significantly cross the blood–brain barrier, the correlation between the start of seizures and cloxacillin initiation was confirmed by the negative CT and blood chemistry laboratory results. Moreover, seizure activity was terminated upon discontinuation of cloxacillin. Although further investigation for the cause of such seizures is warranted, clinicians should use caution when giving high doses of cloxacillin in hemodialysis patients.
Statin utilisation patterns in older Australians living in residential care: 1‐year prevalence study
Authors: Gnjidic D. , Wilson N. , March L. , Cumming R. G. , Cameron I. D. , Hilmer S. N. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractDespite controversy over the risks and benefits of statin therapy, statins continue to be commonly used medicines by older people. In a cohort study of participants aged ≥70 years (n = 540) living in residential care, Sydney, we found that the proportion of statin users decreased gradually from the baseline of 33.1% to 31.3% at 6 months (P = 0.13) and to 28.7% over 1 year (P = 0.002). Prevalence of statin use decreased with increasing age, with individuals aged ≥90 years being more likely to discontinue or deprescribe statins. The patterns of statin use did not change according to increasing baseline dose or baseline indication.
Dehydrozingerone exerts beneficial metabolic effects in high‐fat diet‐induced obese mice via AMPK activation in skeletal muscle
Authors: Kim Su Jin , Kim Hong Min , Lee Eun Soo , Kim Nami , Lee Jung Ok , Lee Hye Jeong , Park Na Yeon , Jo Joo Yeon , Ham Bo Young , Han Si Hyun , Park Sun Hwa , Chung Choon Hee , Kim Hyeon Soo 
Published: January 2015

AbstractDehydrozingerone (DHZ) exerts beneficial effects on human health; however, its mechanism of action remains unclear. Here, we found that DHZ suppressed high‐fat diet‐induced weight gain, lipid accumulation and hyperglycaemia in C57BL/6 mice and increased AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and stimulated glucose uptake in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. DHZ activated p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling in an AMPK‐dependent manner. Inhibiting AMPK or p38 MAPK blocked DHZ‐induced glucose uptake. DHZ increased GLUT4 (major transporter for glucose uptake) expression in skeletal muscle. Glucose clearance and insulin‐induced glucose uptake increased in DHZ‐fed animals, suggesting that DHZ increases systemic insulin sensitivity in vivo. Thus, the beneficial health effects of DHZ could possibly be explained by its ability to activate the AMPK pathway in skeletal muscle.
Sun exposure profile in the French population. Results of the EDIFICE Melanoma survey
Authors: Sassolas B. , Grange F. , Touboul C. , Lebbe C. , Saiag P. , Mortier L. , Lhomel C. , Robert C. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of melanoma is increasing worldwide, causing significant economic burden at community and individual levels. Ultraviolet radiation, from natural sunlight or artificial sources, is the main environmental, modifiable risk factor for melanoma.ObjectivesThe present analysis assesses the profile of sun exposure in the French population as well as the level of awareness about ultraviolet risk and protection.MethodsThe survey was conducted via telephone interviews in September and October 2011. In total, 1502 respondents were questioned about their own sun exposure with the question “do you ever, even occasionally, spend time in the sun, during leisure‐time, vacation or your professional occupation?” They were also asked about sun protection measures used: protective clothing, a hat or sunscreen.ResultsMore than three respondents out of four (78%) declared exposing themselves to the sun, with an average of 113 days per year. Of these, 38% did not use appropriate sun protection measures. We identified the following characteristics of individuals declaring high sun exposure: chiefly men under the age of 40, higher socio‐professional levels, and adults with no children. Individuals who make a poor use of protective measures are mostly men and of low educational levels. Individuals declaring low sun exposure were chiefly: women, individuals over the age of 60, and those with no professional activity. The high sun protection population comprises mostly: women, higher socio‐professional levels, with no specific age‐group profile.ConclusionsAnalysis of the EDIFICE Melanoma survey provides information about the attitudes of the French population towards sun exposure. The most frequent contexts of sun exposure and the associated socio‐demographic characteristics of the population with at‐risk attitudes regarding sun exposure are identified. This deeper insight into the profile of at‐risk populations will allow interventions to be more accurately targeted, thus potentially improving public health benefits.
Comparison of sun protection modalities in parents and children
Authors: Mortier L. , Lepesant P. , Saiag P. , Robert C. , Sassolas B. , Grange F. , Lhomel C. , Lebbe C. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundRoutine sun protection is recommended to prevent skin cancer. The aims of the present analysis were to assess and compare modalities of sun protection in parents and their children.MethodsEDIFICE Melanoma is a French nationwide observational survey. It was conducted through phone interviews among a representative sample of 1502 individuals aged ≥18 years, using the method of quotas. The survey took place shortly after the summer, from 28 September to 20 October 2011.ResultsOf the 1502 subjects interviewed, 1067 reported sun exposure (SE) at least 10 days per year, 748 were parents and 319 had no children. Sun protection measures seemed adequate in both the ‘parents’ and ‘non‐parents’ groups: 74% used clothing and 43% used sunscreen, which was reapplied regularly in 57% of cases. Sun protection measures used by SE parents for SE children were superior, both qualitatively and quantitatively, to those used for themselves, i.e., 50% of parents reported using clothing, sunglasses and hats for their children vs. 23% for themselves. In 87% of cases, parents reported regular re‐application of sunscreen for their children vs. 44% for themselves. The sunscreen SPF (Sun Protection Factor) was significantly lower for parents than for their children.ConclusionsSun protection awareness appears to be globally satisfactory in the French population, with no difference between adults who are parents and those who are not. From both qualitative and quantitative standpoints, French parents use sun protective measures more efficiently for their children than for themselves.
Do relatives like to stay closer? Spatial organization and genetic relatedness in a mountain roe deer population
Authors: Biosa D. , Grignolio S. , Sica N. , Pagon N. , Scandura M. , Apollonio M. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe fine‐scale genetic structure of mammal populations arises from the social and spatial behaviour of individuals. In wild ungulates gene flow is usually mediated by males, being the dispersing sex. The roe deer Capreolus capreolus represents an exception: males and females disperse in similar proportions as juveniles, but are subsequently mostly sedentary as adults, while mechanisms for inbreeding avoidance are more complex and not fully known. We investigated the seasonal variation in the relationship between genetic relatedness and spatial behaviour in a sample of 69 roe deer, monitored from 2002 to 2010 in a high‐density population in Italy. Genetic and spatial analyses, based on individual positions, did not reveal any population structure, neither in the whole sample, nor in the two sexes separately. Our results are coherent with the absence of a sex bias in roe deer dispersal and suggest the existence of a high gene flow across a continuous forest habitat, thus preventing the onset of population structuring at a local scale. We found that genetic relatedness tended to increase with home range proximity, but mostly in winter. Nevertheless, when the extent of overlap between seasonal home ranges with respect to genetic relatedness was considered, males and females seemed to preferably share their home range with relatives of the same sex, reducing the overlap with relatives of the opposite sex during the rutting period. We conclude that home range rearrangements during the breeding season may afford a certain level of spatial segregation between closely related potential mates, thus reducing inbreeding risk.
Taking the discovery approach in integrative taxonomy: decrypting a complex of narrow‐endemic Alpine harvestmen (Opiliones: Phalangiidae: Megabunus)
Authors: Wachter Gregor A. , Muster Christoph , Arthofer Wolfgang , Raspotnig Günther , Föttinger Petra , Komposch Christian , Steiner Florian M. , Schlick‐Steiner Birgit C. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractSpecies delimitation is fundamental for biological studies, yet precise delimitation is not an easy task, and every involved approach has an inherent failure rate. Integrative taxonomy, a method that merges multiple lines of evidence, can profoundly contribute to reliable alpha‐taxonomy and shed light on the processes behind speciation. In this study, we explored and validated species limits in a group of closely related Megabunus harvestmen (Eupnoi, Phalangiidae) endemic to the European Alps. Without a priori species hypotheses, we used multiple sources of inference, including mitochondrial and multilocus nuclear DNA, morphometrics and chemistry. The results of these discovery approaches revealed morphological crypsis and multiple new species within two of the five hitherto known species. Based on our analyses, we discussed the most plausible evolutionary scenarios, invoked the most reasonable species hypotheses and validated the new species limits. Building upon the achieved rigour, three new species, Megabunus cryptobergomas Muster and Wachter sp. nov., Megabunus coelodonta Muster and Steiner sp. nov., and Megabunus lentipes Muster and Komposch sp. nov., are formally described. In addition, we provide a dichotomous morphological key to the Megabunus species of the Alps. Our work demonstrates the suitability of integrative, discovery‐based approaches in combination with validation approaches to precisely characterize species and enabled us to implement nomenclatural consequences for this genus.