bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Friction Stir Welding of Elements Made of Cast Aluminium Alloys
Authors: Rams B. , Pietras A. , Mroczka K. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The article presents application of FSW method for joining elements made of cast aluminium alloys which are hardly weldable with other known welding techniques. Research’s results of plasticizing process of aluminium and moulding of seam weld during different FSW process’ conditions were also presented. Influence of welding parameters, shape and dimensions of tool on weld structure, welding stability and quality was examined. Application of FSW method was exemplified on welding of hemispheres for valves made of cast aluminium alloy EN AC-43200.
New Rolled Aluminium Alloy Products for the Automotive Industry
Authors: Kłyszewski A. , Żelechowski J. , Frontczak A. , Rutecki P. , Szymanski W. , Zamkotowicz Z. , Nowak M. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Clad aluminium strips are used in the automotive industry to manufacture parts of heat exchangers. They are characterised by favourable strength properties, good corrosion resistance and susceptibility to plastic deformation, and can undergo surface brazing at a temperature of about 600°C. As a result of studies, the properties of alloys for the production of clad strips have been optimised. Optimising covered the alloy chemical composition and selected parameters such as the metal condition, the mechanical properties and anti-corrosion behaviour, including the methods for corrosion potential equalisation and sacrificial protection. The obtained technological results of the clad aluminium strip production were verified under the industrial conditions of Impexmetal Huta Aluminium Konin S.A. In a laboratory of the Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals (IMN), the clad strips were tested for the pre-assumed functional properties. Mechanical properties were tested, and the structure and corrosion behaviour were characterised. The reactivity of the clad layer was analysed under different technological conditions. The thermal bond produced by these clad layers was tested by simulation of the heat exchanger manufacturing process. As a result of the conducted research it has been found that all the essential characteristics of the clad strips produced under domestic conditions are in no way different from the properties of imported strips, while modification of the alloy chemical composition has contributed to the effective sacrificial protection of heat exchangers made from these strips. Clad aluminium strips are now successfully produced by the domestic aluminium industry. The improvement of materials used for the heat exchangers can contribute to the reduced overall dimensions of these products and increased efficiency, thus leading to energy savings. The results were obtained within the framework of the Task No. ZPB/38/66716/IT2/10 executed as part of the „IniTech” Project.
Phytoplankton dominance structure and abundance as indicators of the trophic state and ecological status of Lake Kortowskie (northeast Poland) restored with selective hypolimnetic withdrawal
Authors: Jaworska Bożena , Dunalska Julita , Górniak Dorota , Bowszys Magdalena 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The objective of the study was to identify seasonal changes in phytoplankton taxonomic structure and development rates to characterize phytoplankton communities as determinants of the trophic and ecological conditions of Lake Kortowskie in northeast Poland which has been undergoing restoration with selective hypolimnetic withdrawal. The lake was designated as being of high trophic state and bad ecological status based on intense phytoplankton growth, the strong dominance and persistent occurrence of blue-green algae, and seasonal modifications in phytoplankton taxonomic structure and assemblage growth rates. The ecological status of the lake assessed in 2011 corresponds to that determined in 1987-1990 and 1999 and indicates that eutrophication in Lake Kortowskie is progressing.
Phytoplankton in an ecological status assessment of the vendace-type Lake Dejguny (northeastern Poland)
Authors: Napiórkowska-Krzebietke Agnieszka , Hutorowicz Andrzej 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The aim of the study was to perform an ecological status assessment based on the phytoplankton in the vendace-type Lake Dejguny in accordance with the requirements of the Water Framework Directive. The phytoplankton analyses were conducted during three growth seasons in 2006, 2007, and 2008. The phytoplankton multimetric Phytoplankton Metric for Polish Lakes (PMPL) was used to assess the lake’s ecological status. The average total biomass of phytoplankton ranged from 1.6 to 3.9 mg dm-3, while the average biomass of Cyanoprokaryota ranged from 0.4 to 1.4 mg dm-3, with the minimum noted in 2008. The phytoplankton assemblages were dominated mainly by filamentous Cyanoprokaryota and pennate Bacillariophyceae in 2006 and 2008, or exclusively by pennate Bacillariophyceae in 2007. The relatively low total biomass and Cyanoprokaryota biomass, as well as seasonal phytoplankton dynamics with the dominant taxa of Tabellaria flocculosa, Dinobryon sociale, and D. divergens confirmed the lake’s mesotrophic state and some of the features of reference conditions in this lake, whereas the predominance of filamentous species Planktothrix agardhii and Planktolyngbya limnetica was characteristic of eutrophic conditions. However, a clear tendency towards progressive eutrophication stemming from the significant domination of filamentous Cyanoprokaryota was observed, and according to the PMPL the assessment indicated that Lake Dejguny had a good ecological status in 2006 and 2007 and even a high one in 2008.
Vertical distribution of cyanobacteria biomass and cyanotoxin production in the polymictic Siemianówka Dam Reservoir (eastern Poland)
Authors: Grabowska Magdalena , Mazur-Marzec Hanna 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The summer-autumn dominance of the toxic cyanobacterium Planktothrix agardhii was described in the lowland polymictic Siemianowka Dam Reservoir (SDR) in 2010 and 2011. The study was conducted at a station located in the deepest part of the reservoir. The species composition of phytoplankton was very similar at the four depths analyzed. Microcystins were continually present in the cyanobacterial biomass. Demethylated microcystin-RR (dmMC-RR) and microcystin-RR (MC-RR) were identified as the major microcystin variants in most samples, while demethylated microcystin-LR (dmMC-LR) and microcystin-LR (MC-LR) were each recorded only once. The concentration of microcystin-RR correlated strongly with the biomass of P. agardhii. The effect of environmental factors on cyanobacterial biomass the production of microcystins by cyanobacteria was minor, but increased water temperatures and pH favored the production of microcystins. Phytoplankton biomass was also influenced by how water outflow from the reservoir was regulated; the biomas increased with depth when the upper flaps were opened, but it was very similar throughout the water column when they were closed. According to the Polish phytoplankton-based index (IFPL), the ecological potential of the reservoir was determined to be poor.
Phytoplankton of artificial ecosystems – an attempt to assess water quality
Authors: Napiórkowska-Krzebietke Agnieszka 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Phytoplankton changes in canals were described in light of communities in chosen lakes of the Konin lakes system, and links were identified between these changes and water quality assessments based on different biological indexes. Seasonal phytoplankton studies were performed in the Warta-Goplo (WG) and Konin Power Plant (EK) canals. 258 and 223 taxa from six divisions were identified that comprised a maximum biomass of 13.4 mg dm-3 in the EK canal and 9.3 mg dm-3 in the WG canal. The communities in the canals were co-dominated by diatoms, cryptomonads, and chlorophytes. Blooms of the cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae were only noted in the WG canal. The phytoplankton in the EK canal and Lake OElesinskie were closely similar. Consistent water quality assessments were obtained with the saprobic system (moderately polluted and good quality), while the results of the algal genus pollution index indicated there was a high degree of pollution. Classifications using the Shannon-Weaver and indexes (IT) indicated the water quality in the EK canal was good, while in the WG canal the water had low levels of pollution and was at a poor ecological potential. Classification modifications based on the Shannon-Weaver index permit assessing canal water quality analogously to the saprobity index. Using these indexes is proposed as a phytoplankton-based alternative to multi-metric assessments of ecological status or potential in small rivers, streams, and canals. The possibility of performing comprehensive, five-degree classifications was confirmed, thus, permitting the recommendation of this method for water quality assessments.
SEM studies of ore minerals in skarns from Garby Izerskie, Karkonosze-Izera block, south-western Poland
Authors: Rybicki Maciej , Karwowski Łukasz , Banasik Kamila 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
In “Stanisław” quarry, that is located on Garby Izerskie, ore minerals-bearing calcsilicate skarns were found in 2009. The samples were studied using microscopical method of reflected light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Based on SEM study, the predominant ore minerals in investigated samples are chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, bismuth telluride and native bismuth. Moreover, acanthite, native gold and native silver were also identified. Our studies are the first report of above mentioned minerals from the Garby Izerskie area.
Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of Epimedium pinnatum
Authors: Mahboubi Mohaddese , Kazempour Nastaran , Hosseini Hossein , Mahboubi Mona 
Published: April 2014

Summary
Epimedium pinnatum (Berberidaceae family) is used as an aphrodisiac in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of E. pinnatum extracts (ethanol, methanol and aqueous extracts). Total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid contents (TFC) of each extract were assessed by spectrophotometric methods. It was exhibited that methanol extract had better antimicrobial activity than those of ethanolic extract or aqueous extract. The TPC and TFC of E. pinnatum extracts was higher in methanol extract (149 and 36.6 mg/g) than that of ethanolic extract (137.2 and 19.5 mg/g) and aqueous extract (86.2 and 8.4 mg/g). The methanol extract had lower IC50 value (200 µg/ml) than ethanolic (250 µg/ml) and aqueous extract (400 µg/ml). There was a positive correlation between TPC, TFC in E. pinnatum extract and their antioxidant and antimicrobial activity
Preliminary study on the impact of methanolic extract of Elephantopus scaber Linn. on hair growth promoting effect in rats
Authors: Bhusan Sahoo Himanshu , Sagar Rakesh , Bhattamisra Subrat Kumar , Bhaiji Amrita 
Published: April 2014

Summary
Methanolic extract of Elephantopus scaber leaves was investigated for its role in hair growth in experimental rats. The 2% and 5% solution of prepared formulation using methanolic extract was studied for hair growth on wistar rats for 30 days. Minoxidil (2% solution) was taken as a reference standard. The prepared hair oil formulation of methanolic extract significantly (p<0.01) potentiated the hair growth initiation and completion time with dosedependent improvement in skin biopsy, hair length and hair weight. In vitro hair follicles development study showed the significant (p<0.05) improvement in the initiation of new hair follicles. Above mentioned results indicated that the methanolic extract of E. scaber rendered significant hair growth promotive effect
Anti-inflammatory effects of medicinal plants mixture used by Bedouin people in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Elsharkawy Eman , Elshathely Mona , Jaleel Gehad Abdel , Al-Johar Haya Ibrahim 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Due to toxic and adverse side effects of synthetic drugs, traditional herbal medicine has the potential as a source of new bioactive molecules. That is why we investigated this research, searching new anti-inflammatory drugs from plants growing around us. The anti-inflammatory effect of the mixture of different plants used in traditional medicine (Alkanna tinctoria, Rubia tinctorum and Artemisia herba alba) were studied using carrageenan-induced paw edema (oil mixture extract 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg). These material reduces carrageenan-induced inflammation in rats and shows inhibition after 4 h especially at a concentration 200 mg/ kg. Oil mixture extract were investigated by capillary GC and GC-MS in combination with retention indices revealed the presence of about 17 compounds: artemisol, epiglobulol and α-bisabolol are the main constituents as well as volatile oil and other triterpenes: taraxasterol, stigmasterol, ursan-12-ene, olean-12-ene, betulin, germincol, lupeol acetate and lupeol. Other heterocyclic compounds: moropholine and piperidinol were also identified
Physico-chemical properties of Rhododendron honey produced in Turkey
Authors: Rasgele Pinar Goc , Kekecoglu Meral 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Rhododendron honey is a monofloral honey and it is collected from the flowers of Rhododendron species widely spreading over many countries, mainly in America, Turkey, Indonesia, Australia. It is belived that Rhododendron honey treats several disorders and is used traditionally as an alternative medicine. The determination of the chemical characteristics of the Rhododendron honey is essential for public health. In this research, the physicochemical characteristics of Rhododendron, chestnut and flower honey samples collected from beekeepers in Turkey were determined and compared. Physico-chemical parameters such as moisture, acidity, sucrose, invert sugar, fructose/glucose, conductivity, diastase and hydroxymethylfurfural were analysed in each honey sample. According to the results obtained, no differences were found in physico-chemical properties of Rhododendron, honey samples, except from moisture and acidity compared with those of chestnut and flower honeys. In order to differentiate Rhododendron honeys, new methods should be developed. This honey should be reintroduced to medicine and used in pharmaceutical industry
Comparison of saturated areas mapping methods in the Jizera Mountains, Czech Republic
Authors: Kulasova Alena , Beven Keith J. , Blazkova Sarka D. , Rezacova Daniela , Cajthaml Jiri 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Understanding and modelling the processes of flood runoff generation is still a challenge in catchment hydrology. In particular, there are issues about how best to represent the effects of the antecedent state of saturation of a catchment on runoff formation and flood hydrographs. This paper reports on the experience of mapping saturated areas using measured water table by piezometers and more qualitative assessments of the state of the moisture at soil surface or immediately under it to provide information that can usefully condition model predictions. Vegetation patterns can also provide useful indicators of runoff source areas, but integrated over much longer periods of time. In this way, it might be more likely that models will get the right predictions for the right reasons.
Local scour around complex pier groups and combined piles at semi-integral bridge
Authors: Akib Shatirah , Jahangirzadeh Afshin , Basser Hossein 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
This research presents an experimental study on the scouring mechanism at semi-integral bridge piers. Based on laboratory experiments, this study focuses on the relationship between scour depth in complex pier groups and combined piles bridge and various parameters including the variation of inflow velocity, distance, and time. 1 200 data were collected for flow velocity and scour. The flow pattern and scour were analyzed for different flow discharges and flow depths. The results showed that the scour development with respect to time was greater for higher flow depth and bigger flow discharge at semi-integral bridges. In addition, the equilibrium scour depth increased with the approach flow depth around piers at semi-integral bridges. Velocity distribution also affected the scour development. It decreased when approaching the bridge but increased from upstream to downstream of the flume.
Relationships between soil water repellency and microbial community composition under different plant species in a Mediterranean semiarid forest
Authors: Lozano Elena , García-Orenes Fuensanta , Bárcenas-Moreno Gema , Jiménez-Pinilla Patricia , Mataix-Solera Jorge , Arcenegui Victoria , Morugán-Coronado Alicia , Mataix-Beneyto Jorge 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Soil water repellency (SWR) can influence many hydrological soil properties, including water infiltration, uneven moisture distribution or water retention. In the current study we investigated how variable SWR persistence in the field is related to the soil microbial community under different plant species (P. halepensis, Q. rotundifolia, C. albidus and R. officinalis) in a Mediterranean forest. The soil microbial community was determined through phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA). The relationships between microbiological community structure and the soil properties pH, Glomalin Related Soil Protein (GRSP) and soil organic matter (SOM) content were also studied. Different statistical analyses were used: Principal Component Analysis (PCA), ANOVA, Redundancy Analysis and Pearson correlations. The highest concentrations of PLFA were found in the most water repellent samples. PCA showed that microorganism composition was more dependent of the severity of SWR than the type of plant species. In the Redundancy Analysis, SWR was the only significant factor (p<0.05) to explain PLFA distributions. The only PLFA biomarkers directly related to SWR were associated with Actinobacteria (10Me16:0, 10Me17:0 and 10Me18:0). All the results suggest that a strong dependence between SWR and microbial community composition.
Water stable aggregates of Japanese Andisol as affected by hydrophobicity and drying temperature
Authors: Leelamanie D.A.L. , Karube Jutaro 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Hydrophobicity is a property of soils that reduces their affinity for water, which may help impeding the pressure build-up within aggregates, and reducing aggregate disruption. The purpose of this study was to examine the relation of soil hydrophobicity and drying temperature to water stability of aggregates while preventing the floating of dry aggregates using unhydrophobized and hydrophobized surface Andisol. Soil was hydrophobized using stearic acid into different hydrophobicities. Hydrophobicity was determined using sessile drop contact angle and water drop penetration time (WDPT). Water stability of aggregates (%WSA) was determined using artificially prepared model aggregates. The %WSA increased as the contact angle and WDPT increased. Contact angle and WDPT, which provided maximum %WSA showing less than 1 s of floating, was around 100° and 5 s, respectively. Although the %WSA gradually increased with increasing contact angle and WDPT above this level, high levels of hydrophobicity initiated aggregate floating, which would cause undesirable effects of water repellency. Heating at 50°C for 5 h d-1 significantly affected %WSA and hydrophobicity in hydrophobized samples, but did not in unhydrophobized samples. The results indicate that the contact angle and wetting rate (WDPT) are closely related with the water stability of aggregates. The results further confirm that high levels of hydrophobicities induce aggregate floating, and the drying temperature has differential effects on hydrophobicity and aggregate stability depending on the hydrophobic materials present in the soil.
Lean manufacturing – results of selected implementation projects
Authors: Bednarek Mariusz 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Lean Manufacturing is a structured program whose objective is to maximize the effectiveness of the company. It is based on the practices and methods of KAIZEN / LEAN applied by the world’s best companies. The experiences from the Author led us to the conclusion that the Lean Manufacturing is based , among others, on the following concepts: - Total Productive Maintenance TPM - Single Minute Exchange Die SMED The Lean Manufacturing focuses on the systematic pursuit and elimination of waste and losses. The losses identified are analyzed, evaluated in adequate manner to the attribute processes. The result of the analysis determines where and how to intervene. In the paper has been presented the bases of Lean Manufacturing. The results of the implementation of Lean Manufacturing in different companies have been described. The main issues of Lean Manufacturing implementation have been characterized.
The model and role of online communication in intercultural management
Authors: Tarabasz Anna 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Communication via the Internet, regardless use of available tools, contributed significantly in reduced time of data flow and feedback reception. This is particularly important in case of companies with a complex structure and branches around the world. Information is available here for almost „at fingertips”, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, regardless the time zone. Internet has also shortened the distance between message sender and recipient - in the form of direct information exchange (i.e. email exchange), as well as simplified the issue of indirect reach (i.e. via social networking sites or online campaigns). Although in literature of the subject many authors performed the analysis of mass communication models, but to no avail would seek for the flow chart strictly dedicated to the electronic exchange information. This article aims to present the model of online communication, drawing on best practices of mass communication and at the same time implementing components of the electronic promotion. The paper is also contributed to show the universality of such model application in the exchange of information within electronic means, which seems important in case of intercultural management.