bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological Variation in Spores of Pyricularia oryzae Cavara
Authors: Arase S. , Katano Y. , Li X. , Honda Y. , Nozu M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractTwo mutant isolates of Pyricularia oryzae formed abnormal, longer, cylindrical spores with more septa than those of normal, obpyriform spores of wild isolates. These isolates also produced normal spores, although their number was less than that of the abnormal spores. When normal and abnormal spores were single‐spore‐isolated from the lesions caused by the mutant isolates and inoculated to an agar medium, each colony produced both types of spores, regardless of the type of single spores used for inoculation.
Occurrence of grapevine chrome mosaic nepovirus in Austria
Authors: Dimou D. , D'Onghia A.M. , Machado M. Laimer da Camara , Savino V. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA virus recovered by inoculation of sap from Austrian vines with yellow mosaic symptoms was compared with, and found virtually indistinguishable from, an authentic Hungarian isolate of grapevine chrome mosaic nepovirus. This seems to be the first record of the virus in Austria.
Production of Intraspecific Hybrids of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis‐lycopersici and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici by Protoplast Fusions
Authors: Madhosingh C. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe fusion of protoplasts from the cycloheximide‐resistant mutant FOL(C) of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) and the mycostatin‐resistant mutant FORL(M) of F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis‐lycopersici (FORL), produced hybrids which expressed significant differences from the parents in their pathogenicity and growth and in the electrophoretic separation patterns of their proteins, enzymes and isoenzymes. The results suggest a transformed genetic basis for these altered expressions and the feasibility of using protoplast fusion technology for examining the biology of pathogenicity genes and for elucidating the disease and virulence potential for new races from within hybridisable taxa of Fusarium spp. Such information would be useful for the design and development of long‐term control systems for Fusarium diseases, particularly in breeding programs for disease resistance in crops.
Occurrence of Anomalous Mycoplasma‐like Organisms in Grapevine Yellows‐diseased Phloem
Authors: Credi R. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPathological changes in Vitis vinifera cv. Caveccia phloem from leaves showing symptoms of a flavescence doreé‐like disease consisted of obliteration, necrosis and collapse of the sieve elements and associated companion cells, and excessive callose accumulation in lateral sieve areas and sieve plates of apparently normal mature sieve elements. Unusual structures, also found in degenerate sieve elements of diseased leaf vein specimens, were strongly electron‐dense and bounded by a unit membrane or an electron‐transparent border, and considered to be senescent forms of mycoplasma‐like organisms. The significance of these findings in relation to possible host responses to the yellows pathogen is discussed.
Detection of the 3a Protein of Cucumber Mosaic Virus in a Cell Wall Fraction from Infected Nicotiana clevelandii Plants
Authors: Burman A. J. , Osman T. A. M. , Buck K. W. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe 3a protein of cucumber mosaic virus was expressed in Escherichia coli and, after purification, used to produce an antiserum. The 3a protein was detected in a cell wall fraction obtained from infected Nicotiana clevelandii leaf tissue by immunoblotting using the 3a antiserum. The 3a protein reached a maximum level 4 days after inoculation and remained at this level for a further 8 days before slowly declining. In contrast, the virus capsid protein, detected in an 80 000 g pellet by immunoblotting using a virus particle antiserum, reached a maximum 5 days after inoculation and remained at this level for at least a further 16 days.
Wirkung des pflanzengesundheitsfördernden Rhizobakteriums Agrobacterium radiobacter Stamm G12 gegen den Kartoffelzystennematoden Globodera pallida bei unterschiedlicher Temperatur und Bodenfeuchte
Authors: Hackenberg C. , Sikora R. A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractInfluence of temperature and soil moisture on the biological control of the potato‐cyst nematode Globodera pallida using the plant plant‐health‐promoting rhizobacterium Agrobacterium radiobacterTreatment of potato tubers with the plant‐health‐promoting rhizobacterium A. radiobacter (G 12) resulted in significant (P ≤ 0.05) reductions in G. pallida penetration (25%) in green‐house studies conducted in a non‐sterilized sandy‐loam soil. Significant reductions (P ≤ 0.05) in nematode infection were obtained when soil moisture was maintained between 60 and 90% of field capacity. When moisture levels were held at 30% of field capacity, nematode infection was also reduced, but not significantly. A. radiobacter repeatedly reduced nematode root‐infection levels but did not affect the final population density. A. radiobacter reduced the hatch of G. pallida significantly (P ≤ 0.01) in vitro up to 70%. The bacterium effectively reduced nematode hatch at both 20 and 25°C.
Use of Polyclonal Antibodies to Identify Mycoplasma‐like organisms (MLOs) From the Sudan and from Thailand
Authors: Saeed E. , Sarindu N. , Davies D. L. , Clark M. F. , Roux J. , Cousin M. T. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractRabbit polyclonal antibodies prepared against faba bean phyllody MLO from the Sudan reacted with its homologous antigen and with extracts of Catharanthus roseus experimentally infected with the same or a related MLO from Crotalaria saltiana showing symptoms of phyllody disease, as well as with extracts of naturally MLO‐infected C. saltiana growing in the field in the Sudan. The antibodies also reacted positively with extracts of C. roseus experimentally infected with Crotalaria juncea phyllody MLO and soybean phyllody MLO from Thailand.Polyclonal antibodies prepared against an MLO associated with witches' broom disease in C. juncea reacted positively in ELISA tests with homologous antigen extracts from naturally infected C. juncea as well as with extracts from experimentally infected C. roseus and with extracts prepared from Sesamum indicum plants with phyllody symptoms growing in Thailand. There was no reaction between these antibodies and extracts from C. roseus plants infected with the MLOs associated with C. juncea phyllody or with soybean phyllody.No cross reactions were observed among the antigens and antibodies of the two MLO groups by immunoflorescence, ELISA or western blotting. However, the molecular weight of the principal protein antigen, determined by SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) and western blotting was the same for both types of MLO.Serologically‐similar MLOs thus occur in the Sudan and in Thailand, where they are associated with phyllody symptoms in C. saltiana and faba bean and with C. juncea and soybean, respectively. A second, serologically distinct MLO group was also found infecting C. juncea and S. indicum in Thailand but MLOs from this group have not yet been identified in crops from the Sudan.
Genetic selection for increased mean and reduced variance of twinning rate in Belclare ewes
Authors: Cottle D.J. , Gilmour A.R. , Pabiou T. , Amer P.R. , Fahey A.G. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryIt is sometimes possible to breed for more uniform individuals by selecting animals with a greater tendency to be less variable, that is, those with a smaller environmental variance. This approach has been applied to reproduction traits in various animal species. We have evaluated fecundity in the Irish Belclare sheep breed by analyses of flocks with differing average litter size (number of lambs per ewe per year, NLB) and have estimated the genetic variance in environmental variance of lambing traits using double hierarchical generalized linear models (DHGLM). The data set comprised of 9470 litter size records from 4407 ewes collected in 56 flocks. The percentage of pedigreed lambing ewes with singles, twins and triplets was 30, 54 and 14%, respectively, in 2013 and has been relatively constant for the last 15 years. The variance of NLB increases with the mean in this data; the correlation of mean and standard deviation across sires is 0.50. The breeding goal is to increase the mean NLB without unduly increasing the incidence of triplets and higher litter sizes. The heritability estimates for lambing traits were NLB, 0.09; triplet occurrence (TRI) 0.07; and twin occurrence (TWN), 0.02. The highest and lowest twinning flocks differed by 23% (75% versus 52%) in the proportion of ewes lambing twins. Fitting bivariate sire models to NLB and the residual from the NLB model using a double hierarchical generalized linear model (DHGLM) model found a strong genetic correlation (0.88 ± 0.07) between the sire effect for the magnitude of the residual (VE) and sire effects for NLB, confirming the general observation that increased average litter size is associated with increased variability in litter size. We propose a threshold model that may help breeders with low litter size increase the percentage of twin bearers without unduly increasing the percentage of ewes bearing triplets in Belclare sheep.
GFAP and antibodies against NMDA receptor subunit NR2 as biomarkers for acute cerebrovascular diseases
Authors: Stanca Delia Maria , Mărginean Ioan Constantin , Sorițău Olga , Dragoș Cristian , Mărginean Mariana , Mureșanu Dafin Fior , Vester Johannes C. , Rafila Alexandru 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe studied whether the serum levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and of antibodies against the N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor subunit NR2 (NR2 RNMDA) can discriminate between intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) and ischaemic stroke (IS) in stroke patients. We prospectively recruited patients with suspected stroke (72 confirmed) and 52 healthy controls. The type of brain lesion (ICH or IS) was established using brain imaging. The levels of GFAP and of antibodies against NR2 RNMDA were measured in blood samples obtained within 12 hrs after stroke onset and 24, 48 and 72 hrs and 1 and 2 weeks later using ELISA immunoassay. Improvement in diagnostic performance was assessed in logistic regression models designed to predict the diagnosis and the type of stroke. GFAP peaks early during haemorrhagic brain lesions (at significantly higher levels), and late in ischaemic events, whereas antibodies against NR2 RNMDA have significantly higher levels during IS at all time‐points. Neither of the two biomarkers used on its own could sufficiently discriminate patients, but when they are used in combination they can differentiate at 12 hrs after stroke, between ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke with a sensitivity and specificity of 94% and 91%, respectively.
Cytokine expression in peri‐implant crevicular fluid in relation to bacterial presence
Authors: Renvert Stefan , Widén Cecilia , Persson Gösta Rutger 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimThe aim was to assess clinical inflammatory parameters, cytokine levels and bacterial counts in samples from implant crevicular fluid in cases with untreated peri‐implantitis.Material and MethodsSeveral bacterial species known to up‐regulate pro‐inflammatory cytokines have been associated with peri‐implantitis. The Luminex magnet bead technology was used to study cytokines in crevicular fluid. The checkerboard DNA–DNA hybridization method was used to study bacterial counts in samples from 41 implants (41 individuals).ResultsProfuse bleeding and suppuration was found in 25/41 (61.0%) of the implants. The reliability of duplicate cytokine processing was high. In the presence of profuse bleeding, higher pg/ml levels of IL‐1β (p = 0.02), IL‐8 (p = 0.04), TNF‐α (p = 0.03) and VEGF (p = 0.004) were found. Higher concentrations of IL‐1β were found in the presence of suppuration, and if Escherichia coli (p = 0.001) or Staphylococcus epidermidis (p = 0.05) could be detected.ConclusionProfuse bleeding and/or suppuration in untreated peri‐implantitis can be associated with higher concentrations of IL‐1β, IL‐8, TNF‐α and VEGF in peri‐implant crevicular fluid. A higher concentration of IL‐1β in peri‐implant crevicular fluid was found in samples that were positive for E. coli or S. epidermidis.
A Combined Arterial and Venous Grading Scale to Predict Outcome in Anterior Circulation Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Parthasarathy Rajsrinivas , Sohn Sung‐II , Jeerakathil Thomas , Kate Mahesh P. , Mishra Sachin M. , Nambiar Vivek K. , Ahmad Aftab , Menon Bijoy K. , Shuaib Ashfaq 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVEPrognostic evaluation based on cortical vein score difference in stroke (PRECISE) score, a novel venous grading scale better predicted stroke outcomes. Henceforth, we aimed to describe and determine if a physiologically relevant combined arterial and venous grading scale (CRISP grading scale) is accurate in determining 90‐day stroke outcomes in patients with proximal arterial occlusion in the anterior circulation.METHODSData are from the Keimyung Stroke Registry. Consecutive patients with M1 middle cerebral artery (MCA) or terminal internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion on CT‐angiography (CTA) from May‐2004 to July‐2008 were included. The affected hemisphere ‘four veins composite score’ and ‘arterial collaterals’ were each graded ‘good’ and ‘poor’. On the combined scale, a ‘good’ grade represented a ‘good’ score on both scales and a ‘poor’ grade represented a ‘poor’ score on both scales. The ‘other two’ combinations were graded ‘intermediate.’RESULTSEighty‐one patients were included in the study. Dummy variable regression analysis demonstrated that poor outcome was commonly seen in the group with poor arterial and venous grades [OR(95%CI); 48 (8.24, 279.598); P < 0.00001] as opposed to poor arterial collaterals alone [OR(95%CI); 9.6(1.483,62.162); P = 0.018]. In multivariate analysis the CRISP grade [OR(95%CI); 2.638(1.192, 6.039), P = 0.017] and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [OR(95%CI);1.230(1.085, 1.395),P = 0.001(per unit increase)] emerged as the independent predictors of poor outcome (modified Rankin Scale >2) when adjusted for other imaging predictors of outcome.CONCLUSIONCRISP grading was precise in predicting stroke outcomes when compared to individual imaging scales including arterial collateral grading, PRECISE score and CTA‐SI ASPECTS in patients with proximal arterial occlusion in the anterior circulation.
The expression of high‐mobility group box protein‐1 in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis with disc perforation
Authors: Feng Yaping , Fang Wei , Li Cheng , Guo Huilin , Li Yingjie , Long Xing 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundHigh‐mobility group box protein‐1 (HMGB‐1), a potent promoter of inflammation, was believed to be a potential trigger of osteoarthritis (OA). Only a few studies have investigated the role of HMGB‐1 in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) OA, especially in disc perforation cases. But in this study, not only the expression of HMGB‐1 in TMJ OA with disc perforation was investigated but also the possible role of HMGB‐1 in TMJ OA was discussed.MethodsSynovial membrane and disc specimens were collected from patients with TMJ OA, and the expression of HMGB‐1 was detected using immunohistochemistry, real‐time quantitative PCR and Western blotting.ResultsHigh‐mobility group box protein‐1 expressed strongly in cytoplasm and nucleus of lining layer cells and endothelial cells in osteoarthritic synovium. Staining of HMGB‐1 was found intensive in the frontier tissue of the perforation in the perforated discs. HMGB‐1 expression was also upregulated in osteoarthritic synovial cells and disc cells according to real‐time quantitative PCR and Western blotting analysis.ConclusionsHigh‐mobility group box protein‐1 expression was upregulated in TMJ OA and might promote the progression of TMJ OA.
Effects of Hydrocolloids on the Rheological Characteristics of Dough and the Quality of Bread Made From Frozen Dough
Authors: Gharaie Zahra , Azizi Mohammad Hossein , Barzegar Mohsen , Aghagholizade Roya 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe influence of tragacanth and salep gums on the rheological characteristics of dough and the quality of flat bread made from frozen dough was investigated.Dough was prepared with gums at two levels (0.5, 1%). Farinograph and extensograph tests were carried out on dough samples. Dough was frozen at −30C and stored at −18C. At the first and third weeks of storage, the samples were defrosted and the bread was baked. After sensory evaluation, the samples were stored for 1–5 days to conduct staling tests.The water absorption of the samples containing gums was significantly higher than that for the control. There was a significant difference in dough stability between the control and the samples containing tragacanth. The data also showed significant differences in extensograph parameters. Treatment with gums improved the bread's sensory properties, including firmness and chewiness. This study's results reveal that gums, particularly tragacanth, may improve the rheological characteristics of dough and final product quality.Practical ApplicationsFreezing technology in the bread‐making industry is used to preserve dough pieces and partially baked and baked bakery products. However, the quality of the resulting bread is not the same as that produced with fresh dough. Functional ingredients may be added to produce a bread with quality that is close to that produced from fresh dough. This study examined the effect of two functional ingredients – salep and tragacanth – on the quality of dough and bread.
Interferon‐free, direct‐acting antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Gutierrez J. A. , Lawitz E. J. , Poordad F. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryThe treatment environment for chronic hepatitis C has undergone a revolution, particularly in genotype 1. Gone are interferon‐based therapy and its associated tolerability challenges, inadequate response rates and numerous baseline factors that affect response to therapy. New and emerging treatment regimens employ all‐oral combinations of direct‐acting antiviral agents, and results of clinical trials suggest that these regimens routinely achieve cure rates >90%, even in patients who failed prior interferon‐based triple therapy. In 2015, three all‐oral FDA‐approved regiments will be available for genotype 1 (sofosbuvir /ledipasvir, sofosbuvir/simeprevir, and paritaprevir/r/ombitasvir/dasabuvir). Furthermore, new treatment combinations appear to be more tolerable and require shorter duration of therapy. We provide an overview of the classes of direct‐acting antiviral agents (DAAs), the clinical factors affecting their integration into combination therapies and recent findings from trials of such combination therapies in patients with genotype 1 HCV infection.
Effect of Feeding an Iodine‐Restricted Diet in Cats with Spontaneous Hyperthyroidism
Authors: Hui T.Y. , Bruyette D.S. , Moore G.E. , Scott‐Moncrieff J.C. 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundExclusive feeding of an iodine‐restricted diet has been proposed as a method for controlling clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism in hyperthyroid cats.ObjectivesTo determine the effect of feeding an iodine‐restricted diet onTT4 concentrations and clinical signs in cats with spontaneous hyperthyroidism.AnimalsForty‐nine client‐owned cats with spontaneous hyperthyroidism.MethodsRetrospective case series. Hyperthyroid cats were exclusively fed a commercially available iodine‐restricted diet. Clinical response was assessed by change in weight and heart rate and serumTT4, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine concentrations at various times during dietary management (21–60 days, 60–180 days).ResultsSerumTT4 normalized in 20/48 cats (42%) and 39/47 cats (83%) at 21–60 days and 61–180 days, respectively. Cats in which theTT4 concentrations were still above reference range at 21–60 days had a significantly higher startingTT4 than those that normalized theirTT4 levels during the same time period (P = .038). Body weight did not significantly increase (P = .34) nor heart rate decrease (P = .64) during the study. There was a significant decrease in serum creatinine (P = .028). Cats in the low reference range for serumTT4 concentrations did not have a significant increase in body weight (P = .41) nor creatinine (P = .54) when compared to those with high reference range.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceRestricted‐iodine diets were effective at maintaining serumTT4 concentrations within reference ranges for a majority of cats with spontaneous hyperthyroidism over 1 year, although not all clinical signs of hyperthyroidism improved.
Antarctic moss stress assessment based on chlorophyll content and leaf density retrieved from imaging spectroscopy data
Authors: Malenovský Zbyněk , Turnbull Johanna D. , Lucieer Arko , Robinson Sharon A. 
Published: June 2015

Summary

The health of several East Antarctic moss‐beds is declining as liquid water availability is reduced due to recent environmental changes. Consequently, a noninvasive and spatially explicit method is needed to assess the vigour of mosses spread throughout rocky Antarctic landscapes. Here, we explore the possibility of using near‐distance imaging spectroscopy for spatial assessment of moss‐bed health.

Turf chlorophyll a and b, water content and leaf density were selected as quantitative stress indicators. Reflectance of three dominant Antarctic mosses Bryum pseudotriquetrum, Ceratodon purpureus and Schistidium antarctici was measured during a drought‐stress and recovery laboratory experiment and also with an imaging spectrometer outdoors on water‐deficient (stressed) and well‐watered (unstressed) moss test sites. The stress‐indicating moss traits were derived from visible and near infrared turf reflectance using a nonlinear support vector regression.

Laboratory estimates of chlorophyll content and leaf density were achieved with the lowest systematic/unsystematic root mean square errors of 38.0/235.2 nmol g−1 DW and 0.8/1.6 leaves mm−1, respectively. Subsequent combination of these indicators retrieved from field hyperspectral images produced small‐scale maps indicating relative moss vigour.

Once applied and validated on remotely sensed airborne spectral images, this methodology could provide quantitative maps suitable for long‐term monitoring of Antarctic moss‐bed health.
How to be a Normativist about the Nature of Belief
Authors: Nolfi Kate 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAccording to the normativist, it is built into the nature of belief itself that beliefs are subject to a certain set of norms. I argue here that only a normativist account can explain certain non‐normative facts about what it takes to have the capacity for belief. But this way of defending normativism places an explanatory burden on any normativist account that an account on which a truth norm is explanatorily fundamental simply cannot discharge. I develop an alternative account that can achieve explanatory adequacy where this sort of truth privileging account falls short.
Recovery from conflict and revival of intimacy in cohabiting couples
Authors: PRAGER KAREN J. , SHIRVANI FOROUZ , POUCHER JESSE , CAVALLIN GUSTAVO , TRUONG MICHAEL , GARCIA JENNIFER J. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractCouples who seek a stable and satisfying relationship must recover emotionally and reestablish their intimate connection after their conflicts are over. In a 3‐week diary study, 100 cohabiting couples reported on their daily moods, intimacy, relationship satisfaction, and conflicts. Results indicated that on days following a conflict, couple partners have worse mood, less satisfaction, and less self‐disclosure than on other days. Attachment security and intimacy partially moderated the ability of relationship partners to recover positive and reduce negative affect on days following conflict. Partners of anxiously attached individuals experienced more pronounced postconflict changes in mood and intimacy than partners of securely attached individuals. More intimacy in postconflict interactions was associated with a faster recovery from conflict.