bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding Drivers of Employment Changes in a Multiple Sclerosis Population
Authors: Coyne Karin S. , Boscoe Audra N. , Currie Brooke M. , Landrian Amanda S. , Wandstrat Todd L. 
Published: April 2015

Background: Qualitative data are lacking on decision making and factors surrounding changes in employment for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). This study aimed to increase our understanding of the key symptoms and factors leading patients with MS to leave work or reduce employment.
Methods: Adults with MS who reported leaving the workforce, reducing work hours, or changing jobs due to MS in the past 6 months were recruited from four US clinical sites. Patients participated in semistructured interviews to discuss MS symptoms and reasons for changing employment status. All interviews were transcribed and coded for descriptive analyses.
Results: Twenty-seven adults (mean age = 46.3 years, mean duration of MS diagnosis = 10.9 years) with a range of occupations participated; most were white (81.5%) and female (70.4%). Physical symptoms (eg, fatigue, visual deficits) (77.8%) were the most common reasons for employment change; 40.7% of patients reported at least one cognitive symptom (eg, memory loss). Fatigue emerged as the most pervasive symptom and affected physical and mental aspects of patients' jobs. Most patients (85.2%) reported at least two symptoms as drivers for change. Some patients reported a significant negative impact of loss of employment on their mental status, family life, and financial stability.
Conclusions: Fatigue was the most common symptom associated with the decision to leave work or reduce employment and can lead to a worsening of other MS symptoms. Comprehensive symptom management, especially fatigue management, may help patients preserve their employment status.
Development and implementation of river‐routing process module in a regional climate model and its evaluation in Korean river basins
Authors: Lee Ji‐Woo , Hong Song‐You , Kim Jung‐Eun Esther , Yoshimura Kei , Ham Suryun , Joh Minsu 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis study assessed the potential for river discharge simulation by implementing an online river‐routing scheme into the regional climate model (RCM) framework as a unified subroutine module and investigated the sensitivity of simulated river flows in response to changes in spatial resolutions in RCM and river‐routing scheme. The river‐routing scheme gathers runoff from the RCM and advects them horizontally along the river drainage network. The dynamical downscaling simulations were driven by reanalysis at the boundaries for the period of 2000–2010, using different grid sizes for RCM (50 and 12.5 km) and for river‐routing scheme (0.5°, 0.25°, and 0.125°). Simulated river discharge was evaluated throughout the three largest river basins in Korea. The simulation results showed potential for river discharge modeling in the RCM framework. The model generally captured the seasonal and monthly variabilities, and the daily scale peaks. From the resolution sensitivity experiments, it was confirmed that high‐resolution RCM enhances the reproducibility of river discharge; however, the lack of sophistication of the current river‐routing scheme, which was originally developed for continental and macroscale application, mitigates taking advantage of enhanced resolution in river model. On the basis of our findings and experiences in this study, we revealed several considerable issues for future developments of river simulation in the RCM framework.
The heavy ion diffusion region in magnetic reconnection in the Earth's magnetotail
Authors: Liu Y. H. , Mouikis C. G. , Kistler L. M. , Wang S. , Roytershteyn V. , Karimabadi H. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWhile the plasma in the Earth's magnetotail predominantly consists of protons and electrons, there are times when a significant amount of oxygen is present. When magnetic reconnection occurs, the behavior of these heavy ions can be significantly different from that of the protons, due to their larger gyroradius. In this study, we investigate the heavy ion distribution functions in the reconnection ion diffusion region from a 2.5D three‐species particle‐in‐cell numerical simulation and compare those with Cluster observations from the near‐Earth magnetotail. From the simulation results, we find that the heavy ions are demagnetized and accelerated in a larger diffusion region, the heavy ion diffusion region. The ion velocity distribution functions show that, inside the heavy ion diffusion region, heavy ions appear as counterstreaming beams along z in the GSM x‐z plane, while drifting in y, carrying cross‐tail current. We compare this result with Cluster observations in the vicinity of reconnection regions in the near‐Earth magnetotail and find that the simulation predictions are consistent with the observed ion distribution functions in the ion diffusion region, as well as the inflow, exhaust, and separatrix regions. Based on the simulation and observation results, the presence of a multiscale diffusion region model, for O+ abundant reconnection events in the Earth's magnetotail, is demonstrated. A test particle simulation shows that in the diffusion region, the H+ gains energy mainly through Ex, while the O+ energy gain comes equally from Ex and Ey.
Australian‐derived detrital zircons in the Permian‐Triassic Gympie terrane (eastern Australia): Evidence for an autochthonous origin
Authors: Li Pengfei , Rosenbaum Gideon , Yang Jin‐Hui , Hoy Derek 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe Tasmanides in eastern Australia record accretionary processes along the eastern Gondwana margin during the Phanerozoic. The Gympie terrane is the easternmost segment of the Tasmanides, but whether its origin was autochthonous or allochthonous is a matter of debate. We present U‐Pb ages of detrital zircons from Permian and Triassic sedimentary rocks of the Gympie terrane with the aim of tracing the source of the sediments and constraining their tectonic relationships with the Tasmanides. Our results show that the Permian stratigraphic units from the Gympie terrane mainly contain Carboniferous and Permian detrital zircons with dominant age peaks at ~263 Ma, ~300 Ma, ~310 Ma, and ~330 Ma. The provenance ages of the Triassic sedimentary units are similar (~256 Ma, ~295 Ma, and ~328 Ma) with an additional younger age peak of ~240 Ma. This pattern of provenance ages from the Gympie terrane is correlative to episodes of magmatism in the adjacent component of the Tasmanides (New England Orogen), indicating that the detrital zircons were dominantly derived from the Australian continent. Given the widespread input of detrital zircons from the Tasmanides, we think that the sedimentary sequence of the Gympie terrane was deposited along the margin of the eastern Australian continent, possibly in association with a Permo‐Triassic continental arc system. Our results do not show evidence for an exotic origin of the Gympie terrane, indicating that similarly to the vast majority of the Tasmanides, the Gympie terrane was genetically linked to the Australian continent.
Rent Seeking and Political Economy of Geographical Indication Foods
Authors: Landi Chiara , Stefani Gianluca 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTProtected Designation of Origin and Protected Geographical Indication are European labeling regulations aimed at protecting names of origin and traditional methods of production of specialty foods. Property rights on these marks are allocated, by a public authority, to a specific area. However, the size of the protected area is hardly defined solely on technical characteristics, rather it is often an issue of political debate among different stakeholders (producers and consumers). This paper aims at investigating the bargaining process leading to the definition of a Geographical Indication area. Drawing on historical evidence from three cases, we build a three‐stage Political Economy Model in which the size of the protected area is endogenously determined. The resulting politically optimal area is compared to the social optimum. Results show that lobbying strength, quantity supplied, and market potential play an important role in explaining deviations from the social optimum.
Staining intraoperative topical solutions with fluorescein: enhancing the safety of sinus surgery
Authors: Yao William C. , Regone Rachel M. , Takashima Masayoshi 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundOxymetazoline HCl 0.05%, 1:100,000 lidocaine with epinephrine (lido+epi), and 1:1000 epinephrine are all colorless solutions employed in sinus surgery. Because lido+epi is injected whereas others are not, care must be taken to label all solutions to avoid inadvertent injection of oxymetazoline or concentrated epinephrine because of life‐threatening complications. Dyes have been used to color solutions for visual identification, but efficacy and cost have never been compared. We sought to determine the effectiveness of surgical marking pen (gentian violet) and fluorescein strips as coloring agents in mediums commonly used in sinus surgery.MethodsIn this specialty techniques study, 4 liquid mediums (normal saline [NS], 0.05% oxymetazoline, 1:1,000 epinephrine, and lido+epi) and 2 coloring agents (fluorescein strip and surgical marking pen) were combined separately. Photos and absorbance of each solution were obtained at 15‐minute intervals over 2 hours using a spectrophotometer.ResultsPeak absorbance remained stable for all solutions with fluorescein. Absorbance also remained constant for NS (0.37 absorbance units [AU] → 0.37 AU) and oxymetazoline (2.8 AU → 2.8 AU) mixed with marking pen. Absorbance decreased over 2 hours when marking pen was mixed with 1:1000 epinephrine (0.82 AU → 0.32 AU) and lido+epi (1.19 AU → 0.33 AU). Furthermore, the majority of color visibility and absorbance decreased in the first 15 minutes for concentrated epinephrine (0.82 → 0.33) and lido+epi (1.19 → 0.51). Cost of fluorescein strips ($0.14 to $0.20/strip) was less than marking pens ($13 to 46/pen).ConclusionCompared to marking pen dye, solutions dyed with fluorescein retained their color and did not decay over time. We recommend fluorescein strips to label colorless materials in the operating room because of their lack of color decay and cost advantages.
Total Synthesis of Ellagitannins through Regioselective Sequential Functionalization of Unprotected Glucose
Authors: Takeuchi Hironori , Mishiro Kenji , Ueda Yoshihiro , Fujimori Yusuke , Furuta Takumi , Kawabata Takeo 
Published: April 2015

AbstractShort total syntheses of natural glycosides (ellagitannins) were performed through sequential and regioselective functionalization of the hydroxy groups of unprotected glucose. The key reactions are β‐selective glycosidation of a gallic acid derivative by using unprotected glucose as a glycosyl donor and catalyst‐controlled regioselective introduction of a galloyl group into the inherently less reactive hydroxy group of the glucoside.
Design and optimization of alginate−chitosan−pluronic nanoparticles as a novel meloxicam drug delivery system
Authors: Fattahpour Shohreh , Shamanian Morteza , Tavakoli Naser , Fathi Mohammadhossein , Sheykhi Saeid Reza , Fattahpour Shirin 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe inflammation and pain associated with osteoarthritis are treated with nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). This treatment is accompanied by several side effects; therefore local intra articular (IA) NSAID injection can be more efficient and safe than systemic administration or topical use. In this study, alginate−chitosan−pluronic nanoparticles were considered as a new vehicle for IA meloxicam delivery. These novel nanoparticles were prepared using an ionotropic gelation method and were optimized for variables such as alginate to chitosan mass ratio, pluronic concentration, and meloxicam concentration using a 3‐factor in 3‐level Box‐Behnken design. To optimize the formulation, the dependent variables considered were particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, and mean dissolution time (MDT). The nanoparticles morphology was characterized by FESEM and AFM. The potential interactions of the drug‐polymers were investigated by ATR‐FTIR and DSC, and the delivery profile of meloxicam from the nanoparticles was obtained. The average particle size of the optimized nanoparticles was 283 nm, the zeta potential was −16.9 mV, the meloxicam entrapment efficiency was 55%, and the MDT was 8.9 hours. The cumulative released meloxicam amount from the composite nanoparticles was 85% at pH 7.4 within 96 h. The release profile showed an initial burst release followed by a sustained release phase. The release mechanism was non‐Fickian diffusion. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2015,132, 42241.
Synergistic effect of dipentaerythritol and montmorillonite in EVOH‐based nanocomposites
Authors: Vannini Micaela , Marchese Paola , Celli Annamaria , Marega Carla , Marigo Antonio , Lorenzetti Cesare 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTTo solve problems of stiffness of EVOH in film preparation, new formulations are investigated. First, dipentaerythritol (DPE) is blended with EVOH: it acts as plasticizer, decreases the EVOH crystallization temperature and allows the preparation of articles featuring enhanced flexibility and stretchability. However, beyond a certain loading (above 10 wt %) DPE can crystallize and segregate during cooling, causing further problems in EVOH processability due to material embrittlement. Then, a small amount of montmorillonite (MMT) is mixed in the EVOH/DPE system: it results that for specific compositions MMT inhibits the DPE crystallization. At the same time, DPE, thanks to its high polarity and affinity with both clay and polymeric matrix, improves the intercalation of the nanoclays, promoting the penetration of the polymer chains within the layers of the clay. The synergistic effects of DPE and MMT in EVOH matrix is confirmed by DSC, WAXD, SAXS and TEM analyses. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42265.
Effects of facile amine‐functionalization on the physical properties of epoxy/graphene nanoplatelets nanocomposites
Authors: Seong Mihye , Kim Dae Su 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTGraphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) have excellent thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties. The incorporation of GNPs into a polymer can remarkably enhance the thermal and mechanical properties of the polymer especially when GNPs are well dispersed in the polymer matrix with strong interfacial bonding. Therefore, in this study, GNPs were amine‐functionalized by covalently bonding 4,4′‐methylene dianiline onto their surfaces via a facile synthetic route. The amine‐functionalization was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy and TGA. Epoxy/GNPs nanocomposites were prepared and their curing behavior, thermomechanical properties and impact strength were investigated. The amine‐functionalization increased curing rate, storage modulus, thermal dimensional stability, and impact strength of the nanocomposites. The SEM images for the fracture surface of the nanocomposite with amine‐functionalized GNPs showed a smooth and ductile failure‐like surface, resulted from the improved interfacial bonding between GNPs and the epoxy matrix. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42269.
Bone Microstructure of the Stereospondyl Lydekkerina Huxleyi Reveals Adaptive Strategies to the Harsh Post Permian‐Extinction Environment
Authors: Canoville Aurore , Chinsamy Anusuya 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe small‐bodied stereospondyl Lydekkerina huxleyi, dominated the amphibian fauna of the South African Lower Triassic. Even though the anatomy of this amphibian has been well described, its growth strategies and lifestyle habits have remained controversial. Previous studies attributed the relative uniformity in skull sizes to a predominance of subadult and adult specimens recovered in the fossil record. Anatomical and taphonomic data suggested that the relatively small body‐size of this genus, as compared to its Permo‐Triassic relatives, could be linked to a shortened, rapid developmental period as an adaptation to maintain successful breeding populations under harsh environmental conditions. Moreover, Lydekkerina's habitat has been hypothesized to be either aquatic or mainly terrestrial. The current study, utilizes bone microstructure to reassess previous hypotheses pertaining to the biology and ecology of Lydekkerina. Various skeletal elements of different‐sized specimens are analyzed to understand its growth dynamics, intraskeletal variability, and lifestyle adaptations. Bone histology revealed that our sample comprises individuals at different ontogenetic stages i.e., juveniles to mature individuals. Our results show that these amphibians, despite exhibiting plasticity in growth, experienced an overall faster growth during early ontogeny (thereby attaining sexual maturity sooner), as compared to most other temnospondyls. The microanatomy of the long bones with their thick bone walls and distinctive medullary cavity suggests that Lydekkerina may have been amphibious with a tendency to be more terrestrial. Our study concludes that Lydekkerina employed a peculiar growth strategy and lifestyle adaptations, which enabled it to endure the harsh, dry conditions of the Early Triassic. Anat Rec, 298:1237–1254, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Acute graft‐versus‐host disease and bronchiolitis obliterans after autologous stem cell transplantation in a patient with multiple myeloma
Authors: Alonso Sara , Cabrero Mónica , Caballero Juan C. , Dávila Julio , de la Calle Veronica Gonzalez , López‐Godino Oriana , López‐Corral Lucia , Pérez Estefanía , Vázquez Lourdes , Corral Rocío , Caballero Dolores , del Cañizo Consuelo , Mateos María Victoria 
Published: April 2015

Key Clinical MessageSixty‐seven‐year‐old patient, diagnosed with multiple myeloma who had received autologous stem cell transplantation, following bortezomib, dexamethasone and thalidomide conventional regimen, achieving complete response, developed rash, diarrhea, and severe respiratory failure, 80 days after the transplantation procedure. He was diagnosed with graft‐versus‐host disease and bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome.
Lumbar puncture complicated by spinal epidural hematoma in a child with leukemia
Authors: Hatzipantelis Emmanuel , Kyriakidis Ioannis , Pavlou Evangelos , Pavlidou Efterpi , Stamou Maria , Foroglou Nikolaos , Papageorgiou Theodotis , Hatzistilianou Maria 
Published: April 2015

Key Clinical MessageWe report a case of spinal epidural hematoma (SEH) preceded by diagnostic lumbar puncture (LP) in a 5‐year‐old boy with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. MRI confirmed the presence of SEH between T7 and L5 levels, but the patient showed fast recovery during the next hours and conservative management was elected.
Digynic triploidy: utility and challenges of noninvasive prenatal testing
Authors: Fleischer Julie , Shenoy Archana , Goetzinger Katherine , Cottrell Catherine E. , Baldridge Dustin , White Frances V. , Shinawi Marwan 
Published: April 2015

Key Clinical MessageLow fraction fetal DNA in noninvasive prenatal testing in the context of fetal growth restriction and multiple congenital anomalies should alert medical professionals to the possibility of digynic triploidy. Single‐nucleotide polymorphism microarray can detect the parental origin of triploidy and explain its mechanism.
Statistical Optimization for Production of Light Olefins in a Fluidized‐Bed Reactor
Authors: Pajaie Hassan Sharifi , Taghizadeh Majid 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe methanol‐to‐olefins reaction (MTO) was studied in a small‐scale fluidized‐bed reactor over synthesized silicoaluminophosphate (SAPO‐34) catalysts. Mesoporous nanocrystalline SAPO‐34 molecular sieves were synthesized hydrothermally by ultrasonic and microwave‐assisted aging processes in the presence of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and tetradecyldimethyl(3‐trimethoxysilylpropyl)ammonium chloride (TPOAC) as surfactant agents. The Box‐Behnken experimental design method was applied to determine the optimum operating parameters of this process conducted in the fluidized‐bed reactor. The optimum conditions in terms of reaction temperature, ratio of inlet gas velocity to minimum fluidizing velocity, and MeOH weight fraction were evaluated.
A Comprehensive Structural Overview of p38α MAPK in Complex with Type I Inhibitors
Authors: Astolfi Andrea , Iraci Nunzio , Manfroni Giuseppe , Barreca Maria Letizia , Cecchetti Violetta 
Published: April 2015

Abstractp38α mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) is a well‐recognized therapeutic target for the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Over the past two decades, tremendous efforts have been focused on the discovery and development of small‐molecule p38α MAPK inhibitors, although currently no drugs targeting this protein are clinically available. Therefore, the identification of novel chemotypes that are able to inhibit p38α MAPK function is still of great therapeutic significance. With the objective to support drug discovery programs aimed at identifying new immunomodulators acting on p38α MAPK, herein we present a complete overview of the available crystal structures of this protein in complex with ATP‐site type I inhibitors. The 85 available complexes are classified by chemotype and experimental binding mode, and the ligand–protein interactions are discussed using the most representative inhibitors. The type and frequency of key inhibitor features are analyzed to give a final summary of the chemical requirements of promising p38α MAPK inhibitors. The proposed pharmacophore can be exploited to enhance the opportunities to identify novel type I inhibitors of p38α MAPK.
Self‐healing wireless sensor networks
Authors: Miyaji Atsuko , Omote Kazumasa 
Published: April 2015

SummaryAvailability is very important for long‐term use of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), assuming the presence of an attacker. It is thus important to achieve secure communication among WSNs even if some sensor nodes are compromised. Self‐healing WSNs possess the feature that a network automatically self‐heals after node‐capture attacks in order to achieve availability. The self‐healing means that the ratio of compromised links decreases with time, even if the attacker corrupts sensor nodes of the network. In this paper, three kinds of self‐healing schemes for WSNs are described, a polynomial‐based self‐healing scheme, a simple random key pre‐distribution scheme with self‐healing, and a proactive co‐operative link self‐healing scheme. Our contributions are the self‐healing schemes with security evaluation, in which we conduct analytical evaluation and a simulation experiment of our schemes, and results obtained from both analysis and simulations indicate that our schemes are effective in self‐healing. Furthermore, comparing three schemes, we clarify each difference and discuss optimal scheme under each different environments. © 2015 The Authors. Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
HLognGP: A parallel computation model for GPU clusters
Authors: Lu Fengshun , Song Junqiang , Pang Yufei 
Published: April 2015

SummaryParallel computation model is an abstraction for the performance characteristics of parallel computers, and should evolve with the development of computational infrastructure. The heterogeneous CPU/Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) systems have been and will be important platforms for scientific computing, which introduces an urgent demand for new parallel computation models targeting this kind of supercomputers. In this research, we propose a parallel computation model called HLognGP to abstract the computation and communication features of heterogeneous platforms like TH‐1A. All the substantial parameters of HLognGP are in vector form and deal with the new features in GPU clusters. A simplified version HLog3GP of the proposed model is mapped to a specific GPU cluster and verified with two typical benchmarks. Experimental results show that HLog3GP outperforms the other two evaluated models and can well model the new particularities of GPU clusters. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.