bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relations of the energetic proton fluxes in the central plasma sheet with solar wind and geomagnetic activities
Authors: Cao Jinbin , Duan Aiying , Reme Henri , Dandouras Iannis 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn this paper, using 9 years of Cluster data, we statistically investigate the relations of central plasma sheet energetic proton fluxes, ~30 keV to 380 keV, with the solar wind parameters and geomagnetic indexes. The energetic proton fluxes increase with increasing solar wind dynamical pressure and solar wind speed. The energetic proton fluxes are more correlated with solar wind dynamical pressure than with solar wind speed. During northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) Bz, energetic proton fluxes are independent of northward IMF Bz, while during southward IMF Bz, energetic proton fluxes are highly correlated with southward IMF Bz and increase with increasing |IMF Bz|. The response time of energetic proton flux to southward IMF Bz is between 40 and 100 min. The energetic proton fluxes are correlated with plasma sheet ion temperature. The energetic proton fluxes increase with increasing indexes of Kp, AE, and |Dst|. Among the three geomagnetic indexes, the central plasma sheet energetic proton fluxes are most correlated with Kp index with the largest correlation coefficient being 0.82. The energetic proton fluxes are large during positive Dst index, suggesting that the sharp increase of solar wind dynamical pressure can enhance the plasma sheet energetic proton fluxes. The enhanced plasma sheet energetic proton fluxes may be important for geomagnetic storms and substorms since they can possibly directly become the source of ring current and substorm‐injected energetic particles without the need of additional acceleration process in the inner magnetosphere.
A new dynamic approach for statistical optimization of GNSS radio occultation bending angles for optimal climate monitoring utility
Authors: Li Y. , Kirchengast G. , Scherllin‐Pirscher B. , Wu S. , Schwaerz M. , Fritzer J. , Zhang S. , Carter B. A. , Zhang K. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractGlobal Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)‐based radio occultation (RO) is a satellite remote sensing technique providing accurate profiles of the Earth's atmosphere for weather and climate applications. Above about 30 km altitude, however, statistical optimization is a critical process for initializing the RO bending angles in order to optimize the climate monitoring utility of the retrieved atmospheric profiles. Here we introduce an advanced dynamic statistical optimization algorithm, which uses bending angles from multiple days of European Centre for Medium‐range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) short‐range forecast and analysis fields, together with averaged‐observed bending angles, to obtain background profiles and associated error covariance matrices with geographically varying background uncertainty estimates on a daily updated basis. The new algorithm is evaluated against the existing Wegener Center Occultation Processing System version 5.4 (OPSv5.4) algorithm, using several days of simulated MetOp and observed CHAMP and COSMIC data, for January and July conditions. We find the following for the new method's performance compared to OPSv5.4: 1.) it significantly reduces random errors (standard deviations), down to about half their size, and leaves less or about equal residual systematic errors (biases) in the optimized bending angles; 2.) the dynamic (daily) estimate of the background error correlation matrix alone already improves the optimized bending angles; 3.) the subsequently retrieved refractivity profiles and atmospheric (temperature) profiles benefit by improved error characteristics, especially above about 30 km. Based on these encouraging results, we work to employ similar dynamic error covariance estimation also for the observed bending angles and to apply the method to full months and subsequently to entire climate data records.
Electrospun Conformal Li4Ti5O12/C Fibers for High‐Rate Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Xu Henghui , Hu Xianluo , Luo Wei , Sun Yongming , Yang Ze , Hu Chenchen , Huang Yunhui 
Published: November 2013

AbstractConformal carbon‐coated Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) fibers are easily synthesized through a simple electrospinning route combined with subsequent thermal treatment. The as‐formed fibers comprise interconnected LTO nanoparticles and an external coating layer of carbon. When evaluated as an anode material for lithium‐ion batteries, the resulting LTO/C fibers exhibit excellent high‐rate lithium‐storage performances. The influence of the carbon content in the composite LTO/C fibers on the electrochemical properties is explored in detail. The enhanced lithium‐storage performances are attributed to the synergetic features of interconnected LTO nanocrystals and a highly electronically conductive coating layer of carbon, which reduce the Li+‐diffusion distance and improve the electronic conductivity. This work presents a facile and effective synthetic strategy, which is potentially competitive for scaling‐up the industrial production of high‐rate LTO anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries.
Synthesis of Asymmetrically Substituted Terpyridines by Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct CH Arylation of Pyridine N‐Oxides
Authors: Duric Sasa , Sypaseuth Fanni D. , Hoof Santina , Svensson Emma , Tzschucke C. Christoph 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe synthesis of asymmetrically substituted 2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridines is reported. First, palladium‐catalyzed CH arylation of pyridine N‐oxides with substituted bromopyridines gave 2,2′‐bipyridine N‐oxides, which were further arylated in a second step to form 2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridine N‐oxides. Yields of up to 77 % were obtained with N‐oxides bearing an electron‐withdrawing ethoxycarbonyl substituent in the 4‐position. Pd(OAc)2 with either P(tBu)3 or P(o‐tolyl)3 was used as the catalyst. Cyclometalated complexes derived from Pd(OAc)2 and these phosphines were also effective. K3PO4 as the base gave better results than K2CO3. Subsequent deoxygenation with H2 and Pd/C as the catalyst gave the asymmetrically substituted 2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridines in near quantitative yield. This reaction sequence significantly reduces the number of steps required in comparison with known cross‐coupling methods and therefore allows convenient and scalable access to substituted terpyridines.
Trapped in Misbelief for Almost 40 Years: Selective Synthesis of the Four Stereoisomers of Mefloquine
Authors: Schützenmeister Nina , Müller Michael , Reinscheid Uwe M. , Griesinger Christian , Leonov Andrei 
Published: November 2013

AbstractHere we report the synthesis of all four stereoisomers of mefloquine. Mefloquine (Lariam) is an important anti‐malaria drug that is applied as a racemate of the erythro form. However, the (−)‐isomer induces psychosis, while the (+)‐enantiomer does not have this undesired side effect. There are six syntheses of which five lead to the wrong enantiomer without the authors of these syntheses noting that they had synthesized the wrong compound. At the same time physical chemistry investigations had assigned the absolute configuration correctly and the last enantioselective synthesis that took these results into account delivered the correct absolute configuration. Since various synthetic approaches failed to provide the correct stereoisomers in previous syntheses, we submit here a synthetic approach with a domino Sonogashira‐6π‐electrocyclisation as key step that confirmed synthetically the correct absolute configuration of all four isomers.
Sex disparities in diagnosis of bladder cancer after initial presentation with hematuria: A nationwide claims‐based investigation
Authors: Cohn Joshua A. , Vekhter Benjamin , Lyttle Christopher , Steinberg Gary D. , Large Michael C. 
Published: November 2013

BACKGROUNDWomen have disproportionately higher mortality rates relative to incidence for bladder cancer. Multiple etiologies have been proposed, including delayed diagnosis and treatment. Guidelines recommend ruling out malignancy in men and women presenting with hematuria. This study sought to determine the difference in timing from presentation with hematuria to diagnosis of bladder cancer in women versus men.METHODSThis is a retrospective population‐based study examining the timing from presentation with hematuria to diagnosis of bladder cancer, based on data from the MarketScan databases, which include enrollees of more than 100 health insurance plans of approximately 40 large US employers from 2004 through 2010. All study patients presented with hematuria and were subsequently diagnosed with bladder cancer. The primary outcome measure was number of days between initial presentation with hematuria and diagnosis of bladder cancer by sex.RESULTSA total of 5416 men and 2233 women met inclusion criteria. Mean days from initial hematuria claim to bladder cancer claim was significantly longer in women (85.4 versus 73.6 days, P < .001), and the proportion of women with >6 month delay in bladder cancer diagnosis was significantly higher (17.3% versus 14.1%, P < .001). Women were more likely to be diagnosed with urinary tract infection (odds ratio = 2.32, 95% confidence interval = 2.07‐2.59) and less likely to undergo abdominal or pelvic imaging (odds ratio = 0.80, 95% confidence interval = 0.71‐0.89).CONCLUSIONSBoth men and women experience significant delays between presentation with hematuria and diagnosis of bladder cancer, with longer delays for women. This may be partly responsible for the sex‐based discrepancy in outcomes associated with bladder cancer. Cancer 2014;120:555–661. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Synthesis of Polyboronic Acid Functionalized Hierarchically Ordered Macro‐/Mesoporous Silica for Selective Enrichment of Glycopeptides for Mass Spectrometric Analysis
Authors: Yan Yinghua , Deng Chunhui , Zheng Zhifang , Zhang Xiangmin , Yang Pengyuan 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA novel hierarchically ordered macro/mesoporous silica was functionalized with polyboronic acid (HOMMS@PolyVPBA). This composite possesses the attractive features of high surface area and large accessible porosity, and was applied to enrich glycopeptides. Here the HOMMS material was introduced into glycoproteome for the first time. The HOMMS@PolyVPBA gave remarkable selectivity for glycopeptides even at a low molar ratio of glycopeptides/nonglycopeptides (1:50) with a very rapid enrichment speed (only 10 min) and low detection (1 ng μL−1). Therefore the synthetic HOMMS@PolyVPBA might be a promising selective enrichment material for glycoproteome analysis.
Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation/Hydrogenolysis for Reductive Upgrading of Furfural and 5‐(Hydroxymethyl)furfural
Authors: Scholz David , Aellig Christof , Hermans Ive 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe sequential transfer hydrogenation/hydrogenolysis of furfural and 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural to 2‐methylfuran and 2,5‐dimethylfuran was studied over in situ reduced, Fe2O3‐supported Cu, Ni, and Pd catalysts, with 2‐propanol as hydrogen donor. The remarkable activity of Pd/Fe2O3 in both transfer hydrogenation/hydrogenolysis is attributed to a strong metal–support interaction. Selectivity towards hydrogenation, hydrogenolysis, decarbonylation, and ring‐hydrogenation products is shown to strongly depend on the Pd loading. A significant enhancement in yield to 62 %, of 2‐methylfuran and 2‐methyltetrahydrofuran was observed under continuous flow conditions.
Ensemble modeling to predict habitat suitability for a large‐scale disturbance specialist
Authors: Latif Quresh S. , Saab Victoria A. , Dudley Jonathan G. , Hollenbeck Jeff P. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTo conserve habitat for disturbance specialist species, ecologists must identify where individuals will likely settle in newly disturbed areas. Habitat suitability models can predict which sites at new disturbances will most likely attract specialists. Without validation data from newly disturbed areas, however, the best approach for maximizing predictive accuracy can be unclear (Northwestern U.S.A.). We predicted habitat suitability for nesting Black‐backed Woodpeckers (Picoides arcticus; a burned‐forest specialist) at 20 recently (≤6 years postwildfire) burned locations in Montana using models calibrated with data from three locations in Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. We developed 8 models using three techniques (weighted logistic regression, Maxent, and Mahalanobis D2 models) and various combinations of four environmental variables describing burn severity, the north–south orientation of topographic slope, and prefire canopy cover. After translating model predictions into binary classifications (0 = low suitability to unsuitable, 1 = high to moderate suitability), we compiled “ensemble predictions,” consisting of the number of models (0–8) predicting any given site as highly suitable. The suitability status for 40% of the area burned by eastside Montana wildfires was consistent across models and therefore robust to uncertainty in the relative accuracy of particular models and in alternative ecological hypotheses they described. Ensemble predictions exhibited two desirable properties: (1) a positive relationship with apparent rates of nest occurrence at calibration locations and (2) declining model agreement outside surveyed environments consistent with our reduced confidence in novel (i.e., “no‐analogue”) environments. Areas of disagreement among models suggested where future surveys could help validate and refine models for an improved understanding of Black‐backed Woodpecker nesting habitat relationships. Ensemble predictions presented here can help guide managers attempting to balance salvage logging with habitat conservation in burned‐forest landscapes where black‐backed woodpecker nest location data are not immediately available. Ensemble modeling represents a promising tool for guiding conservation of large‐scale disturbance specialists.
Label‐free evanescent microscopy for membrane nano‐tomography in living cells
Authors: Bon Pierre , Barroca Thomas , Lévèque‐Fort Sandrine , Fort Emmanuel 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe show that through‐the‐objective evanescent microscopy (epi‐EM) is a powerful technique to image membranes in living cells. Readily implementable on a standard inverted microscope, this technique enables full‐field and real‐time tracking of membrane processes without labeling and thus signal fading. In addition, we demonstrate that the membrane/interface distance can be retrieved with 10 nm precision using a multilayer Fresnel model. We apply this nano‐axial tomography of living cell membranes to retrieve quantitative information on membrane invagination dynamics. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Abdominal MRI at 3.0 T: LAVA‐flex compared with conventional fat suppression T1‐weighted images
Authors: Li Xing Hui , Zhu Jiang , Zhang Xiao Ming , Ji Yi Fan , Chen Tian Wu , Huang Xiao Hua , Yang Lin , Zeng Nan Lin 
Published: November 2013

PurposeTo study liver imaging with volume acceleration‐flexible (LAVA‐Flex) for abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 3.0 T and compare the image quality of abdominal organs between LAVA‐Flex and fast spoiled gradient‐recalled (FSPGR) T1‐weighted imaging.Materials and MethodsOur Institutional Review Board approval was obtained in this retrospective study. Sixty‐nine subjects had both FSPGR and LAVA‐Flex sequences. Two radiologists independently scored the acquisitions for image quality, fat suppression quality, and artifacts and the values obtained were compared with the Wilcoxon signed rank test. According to the signal intensity (SI) measurements, the uniformity of fat suppression, the contrast between muscle and fat and normal liver and liver lesions were compared by the paired t‐test. The liver and spleen SI on the fat‐only phase were analyzed in the fatty liver patients.ResultsCompared with FSPGR imaging, LAVA‐Flex images had better and more homogenous fat suppression and lower susceptibility artifact (qualitative scores: 4.70 vs. 4.00, 4.86% vs. 7.14%, 4.60 and 4.10, respectively). The contrast between muscle and fat and between the liver and pathologic lesions was significantly improved on the LAVA‐Flex sequence. The contrast value of the fatty liver and spleen was higher than that of the liver and spleen.ConclusionThe LAVA‐Flex sequence offers superior and more homogenous fat suppression of the abdomen than does the FSPGR sequence. The fat‐only phase can be a simple and effective method of assessing fatty liver. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:58–66. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Imaging of the murine biliopancreatic tract at 7 tesla: Technique and results in a model of primary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Ernst Thomas M. , Schwinge Dorothee , Raabe Nina , Daubmann Anne , Kaul Michael G. , Adam Gerhard , Schramm Christoph , Ittrich Harald 
Published: November 2013

PurposeTo assess the feasibility of a 7 Tesla (T) MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) protocol to image the morphology and detect and intraindividually monitor pathological changes of the biliopancreatic tract in a mouse model of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC).Materials and MethodsSix female Mdr2(Abcb)−/− mice, a well‐established model of PSC, were imaged five times during weeks 10–19. Three wild‐type controls were imaged at age 15 weeks. MRCP acquisition with three‐dimensional fast recovery fast spin echo sequences (3D‐FRFSE) was performed using three sequences with different resolutions, repetition times (TR), and with/without respiration‐gating in a 7T preclinical MRI system. Image quality and visualization of five biliopancreatic structures were evaluated by three independent readers.ResultsImage quality was rated diagnostically sufficient in 86% of the datasets acquired without gating and in 100% for the respiration‐gated sequences. Intrahepatic ducts were well visualized (≥97%) in Mdr2−/− mice. Stenoses and dilatations of the biliary ducts were intraindividually monitored. Progression and regression of bile duct pathologies were sufficiently assessed during the observation time.ConclusionHigh‐quality respiration‐gated MRCP of the Mdr2−/− PSC model at 7T allows for in vivo imaging of murine biliopancreatic tract and monitoring of bile duct pathologies, permitting longitudinal intraindividual studies in murine models of inflammatory bile duct diseases. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:1355–1364. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Protein modifications by electrophilic lipoxidation products: Adduct formation, chemical strategies and tandem mass spectrometry for their detection and identification
Authors: Vasil'ev Yury V. , Tzeng Shin‐Chen , Huang Lin , Maier Claudia S. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe post‐translational modification of proteins by electrophilic oxylipids is emerging as an important mechanism that contributes to the complexity of proteomes. Enzymatic and non‐enzymatic oxidation of biological lipids results in the formation of chemically diverse electrophilic carbonyl compounds, such as 2‐alkenals and 4‐hydroxy alkenals, epoxides, and eicosanoids with reactive cyclopentenone structures. These lipoxidation products are capable of modifying proteins. Originally considered solely as markers of oxidative insult, more recently the modifications of proteins by lipid peroxidation products are being recognized as a new mechanism of cell signaling with relevance to redox homeostasis, adaptive response and inflammatory resolution. The growing interest in protein modifications by reactive oxylipid species necessitates the availability of methods that are capable of detecting, identifying and characterizing these protein adducts in biological samples with high complexity. However, the efficient analysis of these chemically diverse protein adducts presents a considerable analytical challenge. We first provide an introduction into the chemistry and biological relevance of protein adductions by electrophilic lipoxidation products. We then provide an overview of tandem mass spectrometry approaches that have been developed in recent years for the interrogation of protein modifications by electrophilic oxylipid species. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 33: 157–182, 2014.
Avian Skeletal Part Representation: A Case Study from Offing 2, A Hunter‐Gatherer‐Fisher Site in the Strait of Magellan (Chile)
Authors: Lefèvre C. , Laroulandie V. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe large midden site of Offing 2 (southern Chile) has yielded a series of human occupations dating back to 4200–2500 bp. From a very large collection of bird specimens, we sampled over 45 000 bird bones from four taxa (Diomedea sp., Procellaria sp., Phalacrocorax sp. and Sterna hirundinacea). The distributions of skeletal parts do not contradict the bone density and functional anatomy hypotheses for cormorants and terns, but the observed data for albatross and petrel are less convincing. The presence of most or all elements (except for the terns) indicates that the birds were brought back to the site as complete carcasses. The deficit of some of the long wing bones observed for albatross and petrel is remarkable and may indicate a particular removal for later use as raw material for tools or trade goods. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A New Survey of the Birds of Moldova Region (Romania)
Authors: Ion C. , Baltag E. , Sfȋcă L. , Fasolă L. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper describes a survey of the birds in Moldova Region (Romania) in the present day. Its focus is on ecological information and distribution, as well as on rare and endangered species. As well as providing information for ecologists, the survey will contribute to future archaeozoological work in the Moldova Region, where the bird fauna of the past is still not well known. During 2008–2012, we set up a monitoring programme that aimed to estimate the diversity of bird species. To build a complete database for Moldavian bird species, it was necessary to make observations in the different habitat types: wetlands, anthropogenic areas, pastures, orchards and forest ecosystems. As a result of this programme, compared with 1837, when Cihac reported over 200 species of birds, now there are now an estimated 284 species. The increased number of species recorded in the Moldova Region is due to the enrichment of ornithological information on the one hand and on the other hand to the higher number of ornithologists who are doing research in the field. Some species have expanded their distribution further north (e.g. long‐legged buzzard), but the unequivocal climate change, the drastic changes of habitat and changed agricultural policies have all led to the extinction of species such as the great bustard, little bustard, vultures and others. The main factors that affect the bird populations at a local level in this region are the changes in the agricultural and forestry policies, the changes in weather‐related parameters that have a deep impact on habitats but also the lack of ecological education of the population. Unlike in other similar regions, in Moldova, human impact has had a very low influence on the distribution of bird species, but we cannot say the same for bird numbers that have declined in recent years. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.