bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rab5 Is a Novel Regulator of Mast Cell Secretory Granules: Impact on Size, Cargo, and Exocytosis
Authors: Azouz Nurit P. , Zur Neta , Efergan Adi , Ohbayashi Norihiko , Fukuda Mitsunori , Amihai Dina , Hammel Ilan , Rothenberg Marc E. , Sagi-Eisenberg Ronit 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Secretion of inflammatory mediators prestored in mast cells secretory granules (SGs) enhances immune responses such as in allergy and host defense. However, the mechanisms underlying the biogenesis of the SGs remain largely unresolved. By combining high-resolution live cell imaging and quantitative morphometric analyses, we show that the small GTPase Rab5 controls the SG size and cargo composition by a VAMP8-dependent fusion mechanism. Knockdown of the endogenous Rab5, or expression of constitutively negative mutants, significantly reduces the size of SGs and increases their number. Conversely, expression of constitutively active Rab5 mutants induces few, but giant, SGs. Both the small and giant SGs maintain their exocytosis competence. Finally, we show that Rab5-mediated fusion between Golgi-derived SGs and early endosomes precedes the maturation of the SGs, as reflected by the recruitment of Rab27B, and allows the incorporation of cargo, such as CD63, that traffics through endosomes. Collectively, our results assign Rab5 a key role in mediating mast cell SG fusion during biogenesis, thereby controlling the amount and composition of the SGs content and maintaining the communication between new and pre-existing SGs.
National Responses to Hiv/Aids and Non-Communicable Diseases in Developing Countries: Analysis of Strategic Parallels and Differences
Authors: Haregu Tilahun Nigatu , Setswe Geoffrey , Elliott Julian , Oldenburg Brian 
Published: April 2014

HIV/AIDS and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) epidemics may have many important similarities in their aetiology, pathogenesis and management. Evidence about the similarities and differences between the national responses HIV/AIDS and NCDs is essential for an integrated response. The objective of this study was to examine the parallels and differences between national responses to HIV/AIDS and NCDs in selected developing countries. This study applied a strategic level comparative case study approach as its study design. The main construct was national response to HIV/AIDS and NCDs. The 4 overarching themes were policy response, institutional mechanism, programmatic response and strategic information. Four countries were purposively selected as cases. Data were collected and triangulated from a multiple sources. The focus of analysis included identifying items for comparison, characteristics to be compared, degrees of similarity, and strategic importance of similarities. Analysis of data was qualitative content analysis with within-case, between-case, and across-case comparisons. While the nature of the disease and the contents of national HIV/AIDS and NCD policies are different, the policy processes involved are largely similar. Functional characteristics of programmatic response to HIV/AIDS and NCDs are similar. But the internal constituents are different. Though both HIV and NCDs require both a multi-sectorial response and a national coordination mechanism, the model and the complexity of the coordination are different. Strategic information frameworks for HIV/AIDS and NCDs use similar models. However, the indicators, targets and priorities are different. In conclusion, the national responses between HIV/AIDS and NCDs are largely similar in approaches and functions but different in content.
Illusory Control in Schizophrenia
Authors: Moritz Steffen , Thompson Suzanne C. , Andreou Christina 
Published: March 2014

Introduction Positive symptoms in schizophrenia often deal with themes of control. For the first time, the “illusion of control” bias was examined in patients with schizophrenia. Methods A total of 32 patients with schizophrenia and 31 nonclinical controls were administered two versions of an illusion of control paradigm. Participants were presented two sequences of green and red stimuli and could choose to press or not press a computer key to get the (desired) green stimulus (participants should press the key to test their level of control). Later, they were asked to rate their level of control over the appearance of the green sequence. The chain of events followed a fixed pseudo-random sequence (experiment A: 75% desired events; B: 25%). Results Both groups displayed an illusion of control bias. The subgroup with high positive symptom scores showed excessive illusion of control in experiment A relative to individuals scoring low on positive symptoms. Hallucinators scored significantly higher on illusion of control compared to both healthy individuals and non-hallucinators. Discussion Illusion of control was elevated in high-positive-symptom patients, particularly those with hallucinations. Future studies should elucidate whether the magnitude of the illusion of control effect is moderated by the specific contents of positive symptoms, as delusions of control can manifest as active or passive control beliefs.
El policía estratégico frente a la crisis futura y las paradojas del Estado en la reconstitución de su autoridad
Authors: Morales Peña Juan Carlos 
Published: April 2014

El tipo de policía y su relación con los escenarios de incertidumbre proclives a la violencia constituye un esfuerzo principal de este estudio. Al ser la policía uno de los grupos estratégicos más visibles y tradicionales de la estatalidad, se discute acerca de si ha tenido las competencias y capacidades necesarias para construir Estado desde abajo. Pero más importante aún, se ha examinado el perfil del policía que se requiere para gestionar las crisis, que ejerza adecuadamente su autoridad y cuente con la capacidad de tratamiento de otros eventos extraordinarios que pueden plantear serios desafíos a la gobernabilidad; por ejemplo, la probabilidad de conversión de grandes concentraciones urbanas en zonas caóticas, en las cuales la soberanía del Estado no sólo se erosionaría y sería retada, sino además estimularía la tendencia a la desintegración social y la desarticulación nacional. Para ello el prototipo policial tendría que estar dotado de una preparación basada en la versatilidad estratégica, la adopción de metodologías de trabajo anticipativo y el procesamiento inteligente del riesgo. Todo lo anterior como competencias indispensables para transitar de una mentalidad y formación profesional fundada en la realidad del mundo periférico a otra de connotación global.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/rpsp.v3i1.1334
Psychosocial Disadvantage During Childhood and Midlife Health
Authors: Brown Ryan L. , Alegria Katie E. , Hamlat Elissa , Tomiyama A. Janet , Laraia Barbara , Crimmins Eileen M. , Moffitt Terrie E. , Epel Elissa S. 
Published: July 2024

ImportanceLow childhood socioeconomic status (SES) is a social hallmark of aging that contributes to adult health disparities and earlier morbidity and mortality. Childhood perceptions of stress are associated with child health outcomes and may contribute to premature biological aging into adulthood.ObjectiveTo describe the association of childhood SES and perceived stress with midlife insulin resistance and epigenetic age and to explore whether late adolescent adiposity mediates the observed associations.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThe longitudinal cohort National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study enrolled girls aged 10 years from January 1987 to May 1988, and followed them up to 19 years of age. Participants from Richmond, California, were recruited again at midlife in 2016 to assess insulin resistance and epigenetic age. Analyses were conducted from August 2, 2023, to March 18, 2024. A total of 433 participants were eligible and included in the analyses (specific sample sizes ranged across analyses from 303 to 391).ExposuresChildhood levels of SES at 10 years of age (parental educational level and income) and perceived stress at 11 years of age.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe hypotheses tested were formulated after data collection. Outcomes included the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and the GrimAge and DunedinPACE epigenetic clocks. Waist circumference in late adolescence was tested as a mediator.ResultsAmong the 433 participants, the mean (SD) age was 39.4 (1.2) years; 218 (50.3%) were Black and 215 (49.7%) were White; and 135 (31.2%) had parents with a college degree or higher. Higher parental educational level was associated with lower HOMA-IR (B = −0.22 [95% CI, −0.41 to −0.02]; P = .03), lower midlife GrimAge (B = −1.76 [95% CI, −2.85 to −0.66] years; P = .002), and slower midlife DunedinPACE (B = −0.03 [95% CI, −6.29 to −0.002]; P = .04). Childhood perceived stress was indirectly associated through late adolescent adiposity with midlife HOMA-IR (B = 0.01 [95% CI, 0.001-0.01]; P = .02) and midlife GrimAge (B = 0.02 [95% CI, 0.003-0.04] years; P = .01).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this longitudinal cohort study of midlife health and aging, childhood social hallmarks of aging were associated with midlife insulin resistance and epigenetic age (GrimAge and DunedinPACE). Future studies should identify malleable factors that may slow the impact of social hallmarks of aging.
Using reaction time procedures to assess implicit attitudes toward violence in a nonconvicted male sample
Authors: Maimone Sacha , Seto Michael C. , Ahmed Adekunle G. , Nunes Kevin L. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this study, we sought to capture implicit attitudes toward violence by administering response latency measures. We then examined their associations with explicit (e.g., assessed with self‐report) attitudes toward violence and self‐reported violent behavior in a combined sample of males from a Canadian university and males from the general community (N = 251; 156 students and 95 community members). To date, there have been mixed findings regarding these associations; some of this inconsistency may be due to the difficulty in accurately conceptualizing and assessing implicit attitudes toward violence. Therefore, we administered three response latency measures to assess this construct: a violence evaluation implicit association test (VE‐IAT), a personalized VE‐IAT (P‐VE‐IAT), and a violence evaluation relational responding task, along with three self‐report measures of explicit attitudes toward violence and three self‐report measures of violent behavior. More positive implicit attitudes toward violence were related to more positive explicit attitudes toward violence (for VE‐IAT and P‐VE‐IAT; r = 0.18 to 0.22), greater likelihood of violence (for VE‐IAT; r = 0.18 and for P‐VE‐IAT; r = 0.16), and greater propensity for violence (for the VE‐IAT; r = 0.16). All measures of explicit attitudes toward violence and violent behavior were moderately to strongly associated with one another (r = 0.42 to 0.81). Furthermore, implicit attitudes toward violence explained additional variance in some violent outcomes above explicit attitudes alone. Our findings suggest that scores on certain reaction time measures are important for understanding likelihood and propensity for violence, especially when combined with explicit attitude measures.
Spinal Cord Injury Associated Disease of the Skeleton, an Unresolved Problem with Need for Multimodal Interventions
Authors: Echevarria‐Cruz Evelyn , McMillan David W. , Reid Kieran F. , Valderrábano Rodrigo J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSpinal cord injury is associated with skeletal unloading, sedentary behavior, decreases in skeletal muscle mass, and exercise intolerance, which results in rapid and severe bone loss. To date, monotherapy with physical interventions such as weight‐bearing in standing frames, computer‐controlled electrically stimulated cycling and ambulation exercise, and low‐intensity vibration are unsuccessful in maintaining bone density after SCI. Strategies to maintain bone density with commonly used osteoporosis medications also fail to provide a significant clinical benefit, potentially due to a unique pathology of bone deterioration in SCI. In this review, the available data is discussed on evaluating and monitoring bone loss, fracture, and physical and pharmacological therapeutic approaches to SCI‐associated disease of the skeleton. The treatment of SCI‐associated disease of the skeleton, the implications for clinical management, and areas of need are considered for future investigation.
Gold Nanoparticle Transport in the Injured Kidneys with Elevated Renal Function Biomarkers
Authors: Ning Xuhui , Zhong Yuncheng , Cai Qi , Wang Yaohong , Jia Xun , Hsieh Jer‐Tsong , Zheng Jie , Yu Mengxiao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRenal function biomarkers such as serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) serve as key indicators for guiding clinical decisions before administering kidney‐excreted small‐molecule agents. With engineered nanoparticles increasingly designed to be renally clearable to expedite their clinical translation, understanding the relationship between renal function biomarkers and nanoparticle transport in diseased kidneys becomes crucial to their biosafety in future clinical applications. In this study, renal‐clearable gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are used as X‐ray contrast agents to noninvasively track their transport and retention in cisplatin‐injured kidneys with varying BUN and Cr levels. The findings reveal that AuNP transport is significantly slowed in the medulla of severely injured kidneys, with BUN and Cr levels elevated to 10 times normal. In mildly injured kidneys, where BUN and Cr levels only four to five times higher than normal, AuNP transport and retention are not predictable by BUN and Cr levels but correlate strongly with the degree of tubular injury due to the formation of gold–protein casts in the Henle's loop of the medulla. These results underscore the need for caution when employing renal‐clearable nanomedicines in compromised kidneys and highlight the potential of renal‐clearable AuNPs as X‐ray probes for assessing kidney injuries noninvasively.
Optogenetic Strategies for Optimizing the Performance of Phospholipids Biosensors
Authors: Yao Yuanfa , Lou Xiayan , Jin Luhong , Sun Weiyun , Liu Jingfang , Chen Yunyue , Cheng Sunying , Zhao Tengjiao , Ke Shuwei , Zhang Luhao , Xu Yingke , He Lian , Li Hanbing 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHigh‐performance biosensors play a crucial role in elucidating the intricate spatiotemporal regulatory roles and dynamics of membrane phospholipids. However, enhancing the sensitivity and imaging performance remains a significant challenge. Here, optogenetic‐based strategies are presented to optimize phospholipid biosensors. These strategies involves presequestering unbound biosensors in the cell nucleus and regulating their cytosolic levels with blue light to minimize background signal interference in phospholipid detection, particularly under conditions of high expression levels of biosensor. Furthermore, optically controlled phase separation and the SunTag system are employed to generate punctate probes for substrate detection, thereby amplifying biosensor signals and enhancing visualization of the detection process. These improved phospholipid biosensors hold great potential for enhancing the understanding of the spatiotemporal dynamics and regulatory roles of membrane lipids in live cells and the methodological insights in this study might be valuable for developing other high‐performance biosensors.
Dual Adjuvant‐Loaded Peptide Antigen Self‐Assembly Potentiates Dendritic Cell‐Mediated Tumor Immunotherapy
Authors: Kim Jaehyun , Kang Seyoung , Kim Jisu , Yong Seok‐Beom , Lahiji Shayan Fakhraei , Kim Yong‐Hee 
Published: July 2024

AbstractClinical translation of current cancer vaccine research has been hampered by limited antitumor immune responses due to inefficient antigen delivery and presentation, suboptimal DC and T cell activation. Biomaterial‐based nanovaccine offers targeted antigen delivery, protection from degradation in vivo, and prolonged tumor therapeutic efficacy. This study introduces a lipid‐coated deoxycholic acid‐survivin nanoassembly (DA‐L‐DSA). Survivin, overexpressed in several cancer cells and involved in cancer cell growth and immune evasion, is selected as a tumor‐associated antigen. An major histocompatibility complex class I binding epitope of survivin is engineered into the nanoassembly. R848, TLR 7/8 agonist, and SD‐208, TGF‐beta receptor1 kinase inhibitor, are coencapsulated into the nanoassembly as potent adjuvants to boost DC maturation and enhance antigen presentation. The DA‐L‐DSA effectively stimulates the maturation of dendritic cells, migrates into lymph nodes, and enhances T‐cell activation and Th1 response. A substantial influx of cytotoxic T lymphocytes into primary tumors is observed in a murine melanoma model and demonstrates anti‐metastatic effects in a spontaneous breast cancer metastasis model. Furthermore, DA‐L‐DSA exhibits a remarkable synergistic effect in the combination therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors alleviating immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Taken together, these findings suggest DA‐L‐DSA as a promising immuno‐therapeutic platform that could be applicable to diverse intractable cancers.
Volatile and Non‐Volatile Dual‐Function Electrically Controlled Ultraviolet Magneto‐Optical Effect in TmIG/Pt
Authors: Chien Wan‐Hsiu Chang , Liu Hsiu‐An , Lin Jun‐Xiao , Liao Wei‐Hsiang , Chang Yu‐Ying , Hu Chun‐Kai , Lee Jiann‐Shing , Granville Simon , Chen Jiunn , Hsu Hua‐Shu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis research demonstrates dynamic control of the magneto‐optical properties in Tm3Fe5O12 (TmIG)/Pt by employing electrical current modulation, particularly within the UV spectrum. Notably, manipulation of circular dichroism (CD) is achieved in perpendicularly magnetized TmIG without an external magnetic field. Furthermore, by carefully managing the magnetization behavior of TmIG through low current control and introducing a moderate external magnetic field, the reversible inversion of the CD signal in TmIG is successfully demonstrated, offering nonvolatile control. It is proposed that the change in CD signal arises from the temperature gradient induced by Joule heating, resulting in a spin current flowing across the TmIG. Moreover, the theoretical framework confirms that spin alignment transitions occur between O(2p) and Fe(3d), as well as between O(2p) and Tm(5d), under the influence of the Tm(4f) moment. This leads to a transition from a collinear to a noncollinear spin configuration, effectively suppressing pd Laporte‐selected relaxation within TmIG. This discovery opens the path for the development of dynamic, large‐area, and ultrathin chiral optical devices using magnetic insulators.
How to Prepare Neuroanatomical Image Data (an Update)
Authors: O'Connor Nathan J. , Angstman Paul J. , Blaisdell Jeffrey O. , Farnsworth Christopher D. , Gerfen Charles S. , Glaser Jacob R. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractImage data from a single animal in neuroscientific experiments can be comprised of terabytes of information. Full studies can thus be challenging to analyze, store, view, and manage. What follows is an updated guide for preparing and sharing big neuroanatomical image data. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Naming and organizing images and metadataBasic Protocol 2: Preparing and annotating images for presentations and figuresBasic Protocol 3: Assessing the internet environment and optimizing images
Defining PANoptosis: Biochemical and Mechanistic Evaluation of Innate Immune Cell Death Activation
Authors: Tweedell Rebecca E. , Hibler Taylor , Kanneganti Thirumala‐Devi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe innate immune system is the first line of host defense. Innate immune activation utilizes pattern recognition receptors to detect pathogens, pathogen‐associated and damage‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs and DAMPs), and homeostatic alterations and drives inflammatory signaling pathways and regulated cell death. Cell death activation is critical to eliminate pathogens and aberrant or damaged cells, while excess activation can be linked to inflammation, tissue damage, and disease. Therefore, there is increasing interest in studying cell death mechanisms to understand the underlying biology and identify therapeutic strategies. However, there are significant technical challenges, as many cell death pathways share key molecules with each other, and genetic models where these cell death molecules are deleted remain the gold standard for evaluation. Furthermore, extensive crosstalk has been identified between the cell death pathways pyroptosis, apoptosis, necroptosis, and the more recently characterized PANoptosis, which is defined as a prominent, unique innate immune, lytic, and inflammatory cell death pathway initiated by innate immune sensors and driven by caspases and RIPKs through PANoptosomes. PANoptosomes are multi‐protein complexes assembled by innate immune sensor(s) in response to pathogens, PAMPs, DAMPs, cytokines, and homeostatic changes that drive PANoptosis. In this article, we provide methods for molecularly defining distinct cell death pathways, including PANoptosis, using both genetic and chemical approaches through western blot, LDH assay, and microscopy readouts. This procedure allows for the assessment of cell death on the cell population and single‐cell levels even without access to genetic models. Having this comprehensive workflow that is more accessible to all labs will improve our ability as a scientific community to accelerate discovery. Using these protocols will help identify new innate immune sensors that drive PANoptosis and define the molecular mechanisms and regulators involved to establish new targets for clinical translation. © 2024 The Author(s). Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Induction and quantification of cell death using live cell imagingAlternate Protocol 1: Quantification of cell death using LDHAlternate Protocol 2: Assessment of cell death complexes in single cells using immunofluorescence stainingBasic Protocol 2: Analysis of cell death mechanisms by immunoblots (western blots)
Improved fracture toughness of epoxy resin reinforced with micro‐sized lotus fibers pre‐ and post‐sodium hydroxide treatment
Authors: Trung Dang Huu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMicro‐sized lotus fibers (MLFs) are derived from Vietnamese lotus plant stems, making them eco‐friendly. The composition of MLFs includes wax, oil, lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose. The purpose of sodium hydroxide treatment is to remove unwanted components in MLFs like wax, oil, lignin, etc., to clean and roughen the surface, increase thermal stability, and enhance adhesion between MLFs with epoxy resin to improve the fracture toughness of the composite. The study investigated the impact of sodium hydroxide concentration, temperature, and treatment duration on the fracture toughness of epoxy resin reinforced with MLFs. Results indicated that treating lotus fiber with sodium hydroxide enhanced the biocomposite's fracture toughness, as indicated by the critical‐stress‐intensity factor (KIC) and Izod impact strength. Optimal treatment conditions of 80 °C at 6% NaOH for 6 h led to a 91% increase in the critical‐stress‐intensity factor (from 2.0 to 3.82 MPa m1/2) and a 121% rise in Izod impact strength (from 4.32 to 9.56 kJ/m2). Thermal properties (TGA) and structural morphology (SEM) of micro‐sized lotus fibers pre‐ and post‐sodium hydroxide treatment were evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy images.