bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Importance of the structure of paper support in gas transfer properties of protein‐coated paper
Authors: Cagnon Thibaut , Guillaume Carole , Gastaldi Emmanuelle , Gontard Nathalie 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTComposite materials made from fibrous support coated with agro‐polymers are widely commercialized for different applications. But, their transfer properties have only been sparingly studied despite their importance in membrane technologies or food packaging. Furthermore, most of past studies on the topic have been focused on the impact of surface properties of the support on the final coated material structure and its properties; leaving unexplored the potential impact of the in‐bulk structure of the support. This study demonstrated the influence of in‐bulk structure and especially fibers refining degree of 4 kraft papers (SP28, 36, 60, and 80) on the structure, and surface and gas transfer properties of their respective wheat gluten (WG) coated papers (WGP28, 36, 60, and 80). Paper presenting a high fibers refining degree (SP28) exhibited very tight and narrow in bulk fibers network which prevented most of the WG‐coated layer penetration, maintaining an important WG apparent layer on top of the paper and a small fibers/wheat gluten composite zone inside (WGP28). Such structure gave strong “WG‐like” properties to the final coated material with moderate oxygen permeation and high permselectivity (1.50 × 10−11 mol m−2 s−1 Pa−1 and 8.09, respectively for WGP28) whereas the highly impregnated structure of coated papers built on lowly refined papers (SP80, with wide and loose structure) gave coated materials presenting weak “WG‐like” properties, supposedly due to a thick composite zone presenting interfacial defects, with higher oxygen permeation and very limited permselectivity (11.90 × 10−11 mol m−2 s−1 Pa−1 and 1.06, respectively for WGP80). © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 2848–2858, 2013
Preparation and characterization of magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers for selective recognition of 3‐methylindole
Authors: Niu Dandan , Zhou Zhiping , Yang Wenming , Li Yuan , Xia Li , Jiang Bo , Xu Wanzhen , Huang Weihong , Zhu Tingyang 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTIn this work, magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs) were used as novel adsorbents for selective adsorption of 3‐methylindole from model oil. The MMIPs were synthesized by precipitation polymerization and surface molecularly imprinted technique, using Fe3O4 nanoparticles as magnetically susceptible component, methylacrylic acid as dressing agent and functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as crosslinker, and 3‐methylindole as template molecule. The MMIPs were characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer, and thermogravimetric analyzer, respectively. The adsorption performances of MMIPs were investigated by batch adsorption experiments in terms of kinetics, isotherms, and selective recognition adsorption, respectively. The results indicate that MMIPs have high recognition ability and fast binding kinetics for 3‐methylindole. Meanwhile, the adsorption equilibrium time was about 2 h and the equilibrium adsorption amount was ∼38 mg g−1 at 298 K. The heterogeneous MMIPs were modeled with pseudo‐second‐order and Langmuir isotherm equation. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 2859–2866, 2013
Preparation and characterization of supermacroporous polyacrylamide cryogel beads for biotechnological application
Authors: Zhan Xiao‐Yong , Lu Dan‐Ping , Lin Dong‐Qiang , Yao Shan‐Jing 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTPolymer beads, particularly supermacroporous beads, play important roles in biotechnological applications, such as their application as adsorbents in bioseparation processes and used as carriers in immobilization of cells or/and enzymes. In this study, supermacroporous polyacrylamide (pAAm) based cryogel beads were prepared via an inverse suspension polymerization method at low temperature (<0°C). Standard porous beads were also prepared at room temperature for comparison. The results showed that the diameter of the beads were in the range of 50–400 μm and some irregular large pores of the beads were of 3–90 μm in diameter, which had good biocompatibility, hydrophilicity, high porosity and large connected pores. To modify the properties of these cryogel beads, cryogel beads embedded with nanoparticles of TiO2 were also prepared. The physical properties of the composite cryogel beads with supermacroporous were characterized and the results showed an improvement in mechanical strength and stability, which indicated that these supermacroporous cryogel beads may be useful in biotechnological applications as the networks in the beads can facilitate the mass transfer of nutrients and oxygen. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 3082–3089, 2013
Thermal conductivity augmentation of composite polymer materials with artificially controlled filler shapes
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Jian , Zhang Li‐Zhi , Pei Li‐Xia 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTPlastics or polymers of high thermal conductivity are highly desired in various industries. Adding fillers of high thermal conductivity to the base materials is a solution to make composite plastics of high thermal conductivity. Previous researches were focused on increasing the thermal conductivity of the composite materials by increasing the filler content and the thermal conductivity of the fillers. Relatively little attention was paid to the optimization of filler shapes. In this study, the effects of the filler shapes on the thermal conductivity of the composite materials are investigated, where the filler shapes are artificially designed. Heat conduction between the base materials and the artificially designed fillers is modeled. It is found that the filler shapes have great impacts on the effective thermal conductivity of the composite materials. Of the various shapes, the double Y shaped fillers are found to be the best choice for composite materials in which the fillers are distributed randomly. In future industrial applications, new filler shapes, such as double Y, Y, quad Y shaped, I and T shapes should be specially produced to replace the traditional fillers shapes: particles, fibers or slices. At last, composite materials made of paraffin wax and steel fillers of ten shapes are fabricated to simulate and validate the results. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39550.
Graphene‐reinforced biodegradable poly(ethylene succinate) nanocomposites prepared by in situ polymerization
Authors: Zhao Jian , Wang Xiaowei , Zhou Weidong , Zhi Erjuan , Zhang Wei , Ji Junhui 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTIn this study, poly(ethylene succinate)(PES)/graphene nanocomposites were facilely prepared by in situ melt polycondensation of succinic acid and ethylene glycol in which contained well dispersed graphene oxide (GO). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), GPC, TGA, and XRD were used to characterize the composites. The FTIR spectra and TGA measurement confirmed that PES chains had been successfully grafted onto GO sheets along with the thermal reduction of GO to graphene during the polymerization. GPC results indicated that increasing amounts of graphene caused a slight decrease in number average molecular weight of PES matrix when polymerization time was kept constant. The content of grafted PES chains on graphene sheets was also determined by TGA and was to be about 60%, which made the graphene sheets homogeneously dispersed in the PES matrix, as demonstrated by SEM and XRD investigations. Furthermore, the incorporation of thermally reduced graphene improved the thermal stability and mechanical properties of the composites significantly. With the addition of 0.5 wt % graphene, onset decomposition temperature of the composite was increased by 12°C, and a 45% improvement in tensile strength and 60% in elongation at break were also achieved. The enhanced performance of the composites is mainly attributed to the uniform dispersion of graphene in the polymer matrix and the improved interfacial interactions between both components. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 3212–3220, 2013
Electrospun nanofibers from a multihole spinneret with uniform electric field
Authors: Zheng Yuansheng , Liu Xuekai , Zeng Yongchun 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThis study presents a multihole spinneret with a metal flat electrode to obtain uniform electric field and meet a high production requirement. We demonstrate that the multihole spinneret produces finer fiber diameters and more concentrated fiber mat compared to the conventional multineedle electrospinnig system. This study focuses on the effect of the electric field distribution on the spinning process and the resultant nanofibers. The three‐dimensional electric field simulation results show that the multihole spinneret creates not only a more uniform electric field, but also a stronger electric field except for the area very close to the spinneret. The measurement of the electric field verifies the simulation results. This study shows that fine fibers, as well as concentrated and thick fiber mat can be obtained by this multihole electrospinning system at a high production rate. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 3221–3228, 2013
Improving the properties of chemically damaged wool fabrics with carbohydrate polymers
Authors: Ghosh Arun , Grosvenor Anita J. , Dyer Jolon M. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTWool is a natural composite material consisting of keratin and keratin‐associated proteins as the key molecular components. During wool product processing, a variety of chemical and enzymatic reagents are used, the side‐effects of which can include the removal of the outside layers of the fiber (cuticle) and damage within the internal protein matrix of the fiber. This can reduce the mechanical strength and durability of wool fabrics. We report the use of neutral, cationic, and anionic carbohydrate polymers, namely 2‐hydroxyethyl cellulose, chitosan and alginate, as repair agents to improve the mechanical properties and morphology of wool fabrics damaged under harsh alkaline conditions. Tensile strength, peel adhesion, scanning electron micrographs, and fabric wettability evaluation reveal the cationic polymer, chitosan, to be most effective at remedying the effects of the alkaline treatment. The improved mechanical properties observed after chitosan treatment may offer viable remediation routes for adding value to processing‐damaged wool textiles. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 3105–3111, 2013
Optimization of LC droplet size and electro‐optical properties of acrylate‐based polymer‐dispersed liquid crystal by controlling photocure rate
Authors: Cho Jung‐Dae , Lee Sang‐Sub , Park Su‐Cheol , Kim Yang‐Bae , Hong Jin‐Who 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTWe investigated the effects of the different content ratios of 2‐ethylhexylacrylate (2‐EHA) and 2‐ethylhexylmethacrylate (2‐EHMA) on the relationships among the photopolymerization rate, morphology of liquid crystals (LCs) droplets, and electro‐optical properties of trifunctional urethane acrylate‐based polymer‐dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) systems. Photo‐differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis and resistivity measurement revealed that increasing 2‐EHMA content gradually decreased the photocure rate of trifunctional urethane acrylate‐based PDLCs, which prolonged the phase separation between the LC molecules and the prepolymers. Morphological observations and electro‐optical measurements demonstrated that trifunctional urethane acrylate‐based PDLCs with the 2‐EHA:2‐EHMA ratios from 4:1 to 3:2 in weight percent formed the favorable microstructures of LC droplets being within the range of 1–5 µm to scatter light efficiently and showed the satisfactory off‐state opacity and on‐state transmittance and the relatively low‐driving voltage. The microstructures of LC droplets and electro‐optical properties of trifunctional urethane acrylate‐based PDLCs could be usefully optimized by controlling the photocure rate using the different 2‐EHA/2‐EHMA content ratios. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 3098–3104, 2013
EPR Relaxation‐Enhancement‐Based Distance Measurements on Orthogonally Spin‐Labeled T4‐Lysozyme
Authors: Razzaghi Sahand , Brooks Evan K. , Bordignon Enrica , Hubbell Wayne L. , Yulikov Maxim , Jeschke Gunnar 
Published: June 2013

AbstractLanthanide‐induced enhancement of the longitudinal relaxation of nitroxide radicals in combination with orthogonal site‐directed spin labeling is presented as a systematic distance measurement method intended for studies of bio‐macromolecules and bio‐macromolecular complexes. The approach is tested on a water‐soluble protein (T4‐lysozyme) for two different commercially available lanthanide labels, and complemented by previously reported data on a membrane‐inserted polypeptide. Single temperature measurements are shown to be sufficient for reliable distance determination, with an upper measurable distance limit of about 5–6 nm. The extracted averaged distances represent the closest approach in LnIII–nitroxide distance distributions. Studies of conformational changes and of bio‐macromolecule association‐dissociation are proposed as possible application area of the relaxation‐enhancement‐based distance measurements.
Studies of Asymmetric Styrene Cyclopropanation with a Rhodium(II) Metallopeptide Catalyst Developed with a High‐Throughput Screen
Authors: Sambasivan Ramya , Ball Zachary T. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTDirhodium metallopeptides have been developed as selective catalysts for asymmetric cyclopropanation reactions. A selective ligand sequence has been identified by screening on‐bead metallopeptide libraries in a 96‐well plate format. Efficient ligand synthesis and screening allows a 200‐member library to be created and assayed in less than three weeks. These metallopeptides catalyze efficient cyclopropanation of aryldiazoacetates, providing asymmetric access to cyclopropane products in high diastereoselectivity. Chirality 25:493–497, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dynamic matrix control of a high‐purity internal thermally coupled distillation column
Authors: Cong Lin , Liu Xinggao , Wang Chengyu 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe internal thermally coupled distillation column (ITCDIC) is a frontier in the energy‐saving distillation research. The process inside a high‐purity ITCDIC is of great nonlinear dynamics, high sensitivity to disturbances and inverse response, which prevent the process from being commercialised. To obtain a satisfactory control performance, a dynamic matrix control (DMC) is presented. The benzene/toluene system is studied as a simulation example. The results are compared with a traditional PID and an adaptive multivariable generalised predictive control (AM‐GPC) in detail. The performances in both servo and regulatory control confirm the accuracy and validity of the DMC for the high‐purity ITCDIC process.
Saudi Arabian White Silica as a Good Adsorbent for Pollutants
Authors: Abd El Maksod Islam Hamdy , AlBishri Hassan M. , Al‐bogami Abdullah Saad 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThe Saudi Arabian white silica is used as a starting material for preparation of adsorbent for heavy metals and some organic dyes. Hydrothermal treatment of white silica with aluminum source resulted in an amorphous phase of microporous materials with large enhancement of ion exchange properties in addition to adsorption of some organic dyes. In this research we examine the modified white silica towards ion exchange of Cu2+, Co2+, and Ni2+ ions. The ion exchange curve was elucidated. Cu2+ has higher affinity for ion exchange while Co2+ and Ni2+ nearly the same affinity. Adsorption of methylene blue and methyl red was examined and a simulation study was performed.
Central projections of lagenar primary neurons in the chick
Authors: Mahmoud Amany , Reed Caitlyn , Maklad Adel 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTPerception of linear acceleration and head position is the function of the utricle and saccule in mammals. Nonmammalian vertebrates possess a third otolith endorgan, the macula lagena. Different functions have been ascribed to the lagena in arboreal birds, including hearing, equilibrium, homing behavior, and magnetoreception. However, no conclusive evidence on the function of the lagena in birds is currently available. The present study is aimed at providing a neuroanatomical substrate for the function of the lagena in the chicken as an example of terrestrial birds. The afferents from the lagena of chick embryos (E19) to the brainstem and cerebellum were investigated by the sensitive lipophilic tracer Neuro Vue Red in postfixed ears. The results revealed that all the main vestibular nuclei, including the tangential nucleus, received lagenar projections. No lagenar terminals were found in auditory centers, including the cochlear nuclei. In the cerebellum, the labeled terminals were found variably in all of the cerebellar nuclei. In the cerebellar cortex, the labeled fibers were found mostly in the uvula, with fewer afferents in the flocculus and paraflocculus. None was seen in the nodulus. The absence of lagenar afferent projections in auditory nuclei and the presence of a projection pattern in the vestibular nuclei and cerebellum similar to that of the utricle and saccule suggest that the primary role of the lagena in the chick lies in the processing of vestibular information related to linear acceleration and static head position. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:3524‐3540, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neuronal and nonneuronal cholinergic structures in the mouse gastrointestinal tract and spleen
Authors: Gautron Laurent , Rutkowski Joseph M. , Burton Michael D. , Wei Wei , Wan Yihong , Elmquist Joel K. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTAccumulating evidence demonstrates that acetylcholine can directly modulate immune function in peripheral tissues including the spleen and gastrointestinal tract. However, the anatomical relationships between the peripheral cholinergic system and immune cells located in these lymphoid tissues remain unclear due to inherent technical difficulties with currently available neuroanatomical methods. In this study, mice with specific expression of the tdTomato fluorescent protein in choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)‐expressing cells were used to label preganglionic and postganglionic cholinergic neurons and their projections to lymphoid tissues. Notably, our anatomical observations revealed an abundant innervation in the intestinal lamina propria of the entire gastrointestinal tract principally originating from cholinergic enteric neurons. The aforementioned innervation frequently approached macrophages, plasma cells, and lymphocytes located in the lamina propria and, to a lesser extent, lymphocytes in the interfollicular areas of Peyer's patches. In addition to the above innervation, we observed labeled epithelial cells in the gallbladder and lower intestines, as well as Microfold cells and T‐cells within Peyer's patches. In contrast, we found only a sparse innervation in the spleen consisting of neuronal fibers of spinal origin present around arterioles and in lymphocyte‐containing areas of the white pulp. Lastly, a small population of ChAT‐expressing lymphocytes was identified in the spleen including both T‐ and B‐cells. In summary, this study describes the variety of cholinergic neuronal and nonneuronal cells in a position to modulate gastrointestinal and splenic immunity in the mouse. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:3741–3767, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cortical connections to single digit representations in area 3b of somatosensory cortex in squirrel monkeys and prosimian galagos
Authors: Liao Chia‐Chi , Gharbawie Omar A. , Qi Huixin , Kaas Jon H. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThe ventral posterior nucleus of thalamus sends highly segregated inputs into each digit representation in area 3b of primary somatosensory cortex. However, the spatial organization of the connections that link digit representations of areas 3b with other somatosensory areas is less understood. Here we examined the cortical inputs to individual digit representations of area 3b in four squirrel monkeys and one prosimian galago. Retrograde tracers were injected into neurophysiologically defined representations of individual digits of area 3b. Cortical tissues were cut parallel to the surface in some cases and showed that feedback projections to individual digits overlapped extensively in the hand representations of areas 3b, 1, and parietal ventral (PV) and second somatosensory (S2) areas. Other regions with overlapping populations of labeled cells included area 3a and primary motor cortex (M1). The results were confirmed in other cases in which the cortical tissues were cut in the coronal plane. The same cases also showed that cells were primarily labeled in the infragranular and supragranular layers. Thus, feedback projections to individual digit representations in area 3b mainly originate from multiple digits and other portions of hand representations of areas 3b, 1, PV, and S2. This organization is in stark contrast to the segregated thalamocortical inputs, which originate in single digit representations and terminate in the matching digit representation in the cortex. The organization of feedback connections could provide a substrate for the integration of information across the representations of adjacent digits in area 3b. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:3768–3790, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sensory neuroanatomy of stick insects highlights the evolutionary diversity of the orthopteroid subgenual organ complex
Authors: Strauß Johannes , Lakes‐Harlan Reinhard 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThe subgenual organ is a scolopidial sense organ located in the tibia of many insects. In this study the neuroanatomy of the subgenual organ complex of stick insects is clarified for two species, Carausius morosus and Siyploidea sipylus. Neuronal tracing shows a subgenual organ complex that consists of a subgenual organ and a distal organ. There are no differences in neuroanatomy between the three thoracic leg pairs, and the sensory structures are highly similar in both species. A comparison of the neuroanatomy with other orthopteroid insects highlights two features unique in Phasmatodea. The subgenual organ contains a set of densely arranged sensory neurons in the anterior‐ventral part of the organ, and a distal organ with 16–17 scolopidial sensilla in C. morosus and 20–22 scolopidial sensilla in S. sipylus. The somata of sensory neurons in the distal organ are organized in a linear array extending distally into the tibia, with only a few exceptions of closely associated neurons. The stick insect sense organs show a case of an elaborate scolopidial sense organ that evolved in addition to the subgenual organ. The neuroanatomy of stick insects is compared to that studied in other orthopteroid taxa (cockroaches, locusts, crickets, tettigoniids). The comparison of sensory structures indicates that elaborate scolopidial organs have evolved repeatedly among orthopteroids. The distal organ in stick insects has the highest number of sensory neurons known for distal organs so far. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:3791–3803, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.