bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prevalence and consequences of workplace violence among psychiatrists in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Alwabili Afnan A. , AlGhammas Nada I. , ALkhalaf Hanoof H. , Almutairi Malak A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background and objective
There has been increasing concern globally about the rise in workplace violence (WPV), which is considered a persistent problem generally overlooked by the public and professional organizations. WPV is a significant challenge faced by psychiatrists internationally, yet little is known about WPV among psychiatrists in Saudi Arabia. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of WPV against psychiatrists in Saudi Arabia and identify the types and sources of violence experienced as well as the associated risk factors that contribute to WPV.

Results
Among 239 psychiatrists, the prevalence of WPV in Saudi Arabia was 56.3%. The prevalence was particularly high among those working in the central region (55.4%) and in Ministry of Health hospitals, Violent behavior was exhibited mostly by patients 133 (99.3%), and the most common type of violence was verbal abuse 75 (56.0%). Respondents reported that patients’ health conditions, denial of admission to the hospital, and staff shortages were the most common triggers for violence. More than two-thirds of the psychiatrists (74.6%) did not require medical intervention after incidents of violence. The majority of psychiatrists felt either stressed (39%) or angry (22.0%) after such incidents. Reasons for not reporting violent events included feeling that violence is part of the job (76.9%) and being unaware of the violence reporting system (50.8%).

Conclusion
This study underscores the significant prevalence of WPV among Saudi Arabian psychiatrists, especially in the central region and in Ministry of Health hospitals, notably in emergency rooms. Perpetrators are primarily psychiatric patients and their relatives. The issue is compounded by staffing shortages. WPV poses physical risks and causes psychological stress, negatively impacting productivity. Underreporting persists due to a lack of awareness or violence being perceived as part of the job. Addressing these challenges through raising awareness, providing support mechanisms, and enforcing regulations is essential to bolster workplace safety and patient care for psychiatrists.
Neonatal sepsis-a peek into our findings in Northwest Nigeria: a prospective study
Authors: Mustapha Samaha S. , Zaidu Aishatu Musa , Azaria Nanret Tanko , Aliyu Shamsudin , Abdulkadir Isa 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Neonatal sepsis is still a global health concern as it contributes to a high burden of neonatal morbidity and mortality especially in developing countries. The aim of the study is to give an insight into neonatal sepsis: risk factors, sepsis types, clinical features, pathogen burden with their antibiotic sensitivities, and outcome of admission in our facility. The study was a prospective hospital-based study conducted over 10 months, October 2018–July 2019.

Result
Of the 248 term neonates with features of sepsis enrolled in the study 94 (37.9%) were confirmed to have sepsis. Late-onset sepsis LOS (68%) was found to be the most common, and most of the neonates were delivered elsewhere. Clinical features were non-specific for both early-onset (EOS) and LOS and include fever, jaundice, poor suck, and depressed primitive reflexes. Infections were mostly caused by gram-negative bacteria, and while Staphylococcus aureus was the single most common isolate for both EOS and LOS. Antibiotic sensitivity was highest with ciprofloxacin for both EOS and LOS. Mortality was high at 14.9% and was mostly contributed to by Staphylococcus aureus infection.

Conclusion
Neonatal sepsis is still a burden with mostly non-specific clinical features. The local prevalent organisms were Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter agglomerans and Klebsiella pneumonia with good antibiotic susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. Most presented with late-onset sepsis and therefore infection is likely to be community-acquired which to a great extent can be prevented with robust public health interventions.
Cubosomes: evolving platform for intranasal drug delivery of neurotherapeutics
Authors: Gawarkar-Patil Priyanka , Mahajan Bhavna , Pawar Atmaram , Dhapte-Pawar Vividha 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
As per World Health Organization (WHO) database, neurological and psychiatric disorders constitute a significant and escalating source of morbidity, impacting over one billion lives with a staggering 9 million fatalities. Unfortunately, the magnitude of these disorders remains largely untreated, primarily due to the formidable challenge of the cerebrospinal fluid–brain barrier (CBB), blood–brain barrier (BBB), as well as the blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) compromising the central nervous system (CNS) therapies. Thus, there is a need to explore innovative drug delivery platforms capable of overcoming these barriers in order to facilitate effective delivery of therapeutic drugs.

Main body of abstract
Intranasal drug delivery (INDD) of nanoformulations has emerged as a promising approach, leveraging advantages such as a high surface area, nanoscale particle size, mucoadhesion, noninvasive administration with rapid, and greater drug bioavailability. In this, cubosomal drug delivery (DD) has emerged as a pivotal targeted drug delivery strategy, particularly in the therapy of neurological ailments. Nowadays, researchers and academicians have focused their efforts to tailor cubosomes (CBS) specifically for improving efficacy of central nervous system (CNS) therapies.

Conclusion
This review gives an idea about current status of neurological disorders (ND), the barriers that restricts CNS drug delivery (BBB), and possible nasal pathways of CBS for effective drug transport. A central focus is placed on intranasal (IN) cubosomal formulations for several NDs, elucidating their potential benefits while addressing existing challenges. In essence, this comprehensive review provides valuable insights into innovative approaches that hold promise for addressing the use and need of IN-CBS in the treatment of NDs.
Software symptomcheckR: an R package for analyzing and visualizing symptom checker triage performance
Authors: Kopka Marvin , Feufel Markus A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
A major stream of research on symptom checkers aims at evaluating the technology’s predictive accuracy, but apart from general trends, the results are marked by high variability. Several authors suggest that this variability might in part be due to different assessment methods and a lack of standardization. To improve the reliability of symptom checker evaluation studies, several approaches have been suggested, including standardizing input procedures, the generation of test vignettes, and the assignment of gold standard solutions for these vignettes. Recently, we suggested a third approach––test-theoretic metrics for standardized performance reporting–– to allow systematic and comprehensive comparisons of symptom checker performance. However, calculating these metrics is time-consuming and error prone, which could hamper the use and effectiveness of these metrics.

Results
We developed the R package symptomcheckR as an open-source software to assist researchers in calculating standard metrics to evaluate symptom checker performance individually and comparatively and produce publication-ready figures. These metrics include accuracy (by triage level), safety of advice (i.e., rate of correctly or overtriaged cases), comprehensiveness (i.e., how many cases could be entered or were assessed), inclination to overtriage (i.e., how risk-averse a symptom checker is) and a capability comparison score (i.e., a score correcting for case difficulty and comprehensiveness that enables a fair and reliable comparison of different symptom checkers). Each metric can be obtained using a single command and visualized with another command. For the analysis of individual or the comparison of multiple symptom checkers, single commands can be used to produce a comprehensive performance profile that complements the standard focus on accuracy with additional metrics that reveal strengths and weaknesses of symptom checkers.

Conclusions
Our package supports ongoing efforts to improve the quality of vignette-based symptom checker evaluation studies by means of standardized methods. Specifically, with our package, adhering to reporting standards and metrics becomes easier, simple, and time efficient. Ultimately, this may help users gain a more systematic understanding of the strengths and limitations of symptom checkers for different use cases (e.g., all-purpose symptom checkers for general medicine versus symptom checkers that aim at improving triage in emergency departments), which can improve patient safety and resource allocation.
Neuroprotective effect of sea urchins (Diadema savignyi) extract in an animal model of aluminum neurotoxicity
Authors: Zagloul Rofida , Khalil Eman A. , Ezzelarab Nada M. , Abdellatif Ahmed 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHuman exposure to heavy metals causes major health consequences. Aluminum (Al) toxicity primarily affects the brain and has been implicated in neurodegenerative disorders. Natural products offer a cheap and safe source of protective agents against heavy metal toxicity. This study investigates the neuroprotective role of the shell extract (SH) from the Sea urchin (Diadema savignyi) collected from the Red Sea in an Aluminum-induced neurotoxicity model.Aluminum (Al, 250 µg/ml) caused cell death in a dose-dependent manner on neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells. The shell extract (50, 100, and 200 µg/ml) improved cell viability of the neuroblastoma cells. In vivo, toxicity assessment showed that Aluminum administration increased the levels of blood Urea, creatinine, and liver enzymes. Treatment with Shell extract reversed the levels back to normal.Oxidative stress assessment in vitro and in vivo showed that Al caused an increase in Nitric Oxide (NO) concentration and a significant reduction in Catalase and Glutathione (GSH) activity. Treatment with Shell extract (SH) improved these changes.Microscopic examination of the cerebral cortex showed that Aluminum-treated animals had significant neuronal damage, as evidenced by the degenerated neurons and increased apoptosis marker Caspase 3. There was also an increase in glial activation seen by an increase in the expression of Glial fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP). Treatment with Shell extract (100 and 200 µg/kg) showed neuroprotective effects all over cortical layers with minimal neuronal degenerative changes.The current work proves the potential antitoxic and neuroprotective properties of Sea Urchins (Diadema savignyi) extract as a cheap and safe therapeutic alternative against heavy metal toxicity.
Fast computation of local dips using the one-lag-correlation method
Authors: Liu Hongwei , Luo Yi , Liu Yujin , Fu Liyun 
Published: July 2024

We adapt the one-lag-correlation (OLC) method to estimate the local dips of seismic events. The resulting local dips have extensive applications in exploration geophysics, such as seismic inversion regularization, computation of seismic attributes such as coherence cube, and facilitating structural-oriented smoothing and extrapolation techniques. Compared with the widely adopted structure tensor (ST) method, our OLC algorithm exhibits notable advantages. The OLC method uses a recursive calculation process that yields significant computational efficiency, resulting in approximately 100 times faster performance for 3D scenarios. The fundamental principle of this novel approach lies in the computation of local dips by using the ratio of two inner products, i.e., OLC, performed on a 2D/3D array along the vertical and horizontal axes, respectively. Crucially, the elements of this array consist of complex numbers derived from the application of the Hilbert transform on the corresponding real-number inputs. Furthermore, the implementation of this algorithm is remarkably straightforward, as exemplified by the concise nature of the code, which requires only ten lines of programming instructions. The OLC method excels in accuracy, surpassing the performance of the ST method, and is more robust to random noise. We show these properties of the OLC approach using synthetic and field data examples.
A petrophysically driven seismic inversion method for the total organic carbon content of source rocks
Authors: Xiao Zhangbo , Lin Heming , Zhang Weiwei , Luo Ming , Wang Xudong , Zhang Zhiwei 
Published: July 2024

Organic carbon content is the main index for evaluating organic matter abundance of source rocks, and it is still difficult to quantitatively predict total organic carbon (TOC) in source rocks based on seismic data. The study of seismic fluid identification driven by petrophysics can help to understand the fluid characteristics and distribution patterns of subsurface oil and gas reservoirs. First, this paper clarifies the sweet spot parameters (parameters characterizing hydrocarbon enrichment) and sensitive elastic parameters (a parameter characterizing the nature of an ideal elastic body) of source rocks through theoretical petrophysical modeling. Next, the paper establishes the relationship between sensitive elastic parameters and sweet spot parameters TOC and constructs a statistical petrophysical model that can characterize the relationship between the two on this basis. And then we construct the joint distribution of TOC and elastic impedance through the Bayesian theoretical framework to obtain the maximum posterior probability estimate as the final TOC inversion results of source rocks. Our method successfully predicts the spreading of high-quality source rocks in the Wen4 Section of Lufeng 13 Subsag, and the inversion results are within an uncertainty range of ±14 m for well data, which proves the reliability of the method. The prediction results show that the organic matter abundance of source rocks in the Wen4 Section is high, and the organic carbon content is generally higher than 2%, which provides a reliable basis for the further implementation of the resource scale of the depression and the clarification of the hydrocarbon-rich area, which provides technical support for the evaluation of the source rocks of the new depression in the new area.
Postoperative Sedation in General Care Wards: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Weingarten Toby N. , Deljou Atousa , Friedman Kyle E. , Lindhart Madeline L. , Schulz Arielle N. , Lau Sirimas , Schroeder Darrell R. , Sprung Juraj 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:
We hypothesized that deeper sedation in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) increases the risk of subsequent sedation in general care wards (ward sedation) and that patients with ward sedation have more postoperative adverse events than those without ward sedation.

METHODS:
We reviewed the health records of adult patients who underwent procedures with general anesthesia at Mayo Clinic from May 5, 2018, through December 31, 2020, and were discharged from the PACU to the general care ward. Patient groups were dichotomized as with ward sedation (Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale [RASS], ≤–2) and without ward sedation (RASS, ≥–1) within the first 24 hours after PACU discharge. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association between clinical variables and ward sedation.

RESULTS:
A total of 23,766 patients were included in our analysis, of whom 1131 had ward sedation (incidence, 4.8 [Poisson 95% confidence interval, CI, 4.5–5.0]) per 100 patients after general anesthesia. Half of the ward sedation episodes occurred within 32 minutes after PACU discharge. The risk of ward sedation increased with the depth of PACU sedation. The odds ratios (95% CI) of ward sedation for patients with a PACU RASS score of –1 was 0.98 (0.75–1.27); –2, 1.87 (1.44–2.43); –3, 2.98 (2.26–3.93); and ≤–4, 3.97 (2.91–5.42). Adverse events requiring an emergency intervention occurred more often for patients with ward sedation (n = 92, 8.1%) than for those without ward sedation (n = 326, 1.4%; P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS:
Among patients who met our criteria for PACU discharge, deeper sedation during anesthesia recovery was associated with an increased risk of ward sedation. Patients who had ward sedation had worse outcomes than those without ward sedation.
Characterization of the competitive strength of men's artistic gymnastics in China
Authors: Cheng Guangxin , Yang Hechong 
Published: July 2024

Introduction and purpose：The 2022 National Gymnastics Championships men's artistic gymnastics competition was examined and analyzed in order to assess the competitive strength of China's men's artistic gymnastics under the new regulations. The analysis included a review of China's men's artistic gymnastics problems and current performance status, as well as suggestions for strengthening the sport.
Materials and methods:Using the literature method—searching and analyzing through the CNKI, WOS, library, and other databases—as well as the observation method and mathematical and statistical techniques for statistical analysis of the athletes competing in the various regions and units, as well as field research and study methods involving video and on-site game observation—first-hand information was obtained for this paper's theoretical support.
Conclusions: men's artistic gymnastics in China is not developing regionally, with strong regions in the south and weak regions in the north, as well as strong and weak regions in the east and west;These disparities in the sport's development also affect athletes' overall competitive strength, with athletes in various sports having wide disparities in their scores and failing to create a supportive environment for competition, particularly in individual all-around , pommel horse, rings, and horizontal bars projects;Additionally, China's men's artistic gymnastics athletes' age structure needs to be further optimized. It is necessary to continue executing the preparatory plan of mending the short boards and strengthening the strong items.
Effectiveness and Safety of Antifibrotic Treatment in Pulmonary Fibrosis Associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Martka Martyna Magdalena , Skorupska Marta , Aleksiej Andrzej , Popławska Natalia Aleksandra , Śliz Justyna , Czeczotka Magdalena Joanna , Woźniak Krzysztof 
Published: July 2024

Introduction and Objective.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) stands as a chronic, systemic autoimmune inflammatory ailment. Lung involvement is one of the most common extra-articular manifestations of RA. Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease (RA-ILD) is a severe, progressive disease leading to pulmonary fibrosis, characterized by deterioration of lung function, exacerbation of symptoms and typical radiological features, and early mortality.
Review methods and materials
This review utilized PubMed, Mendeley by using search terms such as pulmonary fibrosis in rheumatoid arthritis nintedanib treatment, and pulmonary fibrosis in rheumatoid arthritis pirfenidone treatment. All searches were verified by humans, duplicated results and unreliable have been rejected. In addition, case reports and previously established literature reviews were excluded from the review. We used all available original studies evaluating and comparing the efficacy and safety of anti-fibrotic drugs to create this review.
Brief description of the state of knowledge
In this review, we discuss therapeutic strategies for antifibrotic treatment involving nintedanib and pirfenidone. Furthermore, we compare the efficacy of both drugs, their influence on the extension of life, their safety profiles, and associated side effects based on research findings, and discuss the molecular mechanisms of their action.
Summary
Clinical trials concerning RA-ILD showed that nintedanib and pirfenidone slow the rate of FVC decline in patients with RA-ILD. The safety profile observed in both drugs was similar simultaneously occurring mainly gastrointestinal symptoms. Both drugs have been approved for the RA-ILD treatment program, nevertheless in the current body of knowledge, it is not feasible to definitively determine which drug therapy should be initiated first, as their characteristics are notably similar.
Eating disorders among professional athletes. A narrative review
Authors: Szewczyk Oliwia , Olek Ewa , Czarnecka Karolina , Korczak Anna , Burda Katarzyna , Wójcik Emilia , Łopacińska Olga , Stańczyk Katarzyna , Korn Aleksandra , Jędrzejczyk Justyna 
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Eating disorders are potentially mortal health conditions affecting mostly young people. The reasons for that in general population are connected to vulnerable self-image, following the current beauty standards and co-existing psychiatric comorbidities. Athletes may be in danger of developing a pathological eating pattern due to sport specific reasons such as higher scores related to thinner body.
Aim of study: The main aim of the study was to examine the relationship between eating disorders in professional athletes’ population, evaluate causes and risk factors and to assess health consequences to eating disorder in sport.
Materials and methods: This article is based on the literature found in PubMed and Google Scholar Database with the use of keywords such as ”eating disorders”, “sport”, “athletes”, “anorexia nervosa in athletes”, “eating disorders in sport”, “disordered eating in sportsmen”, “female athletes”, “bulimia nervosa”, “binge eating”, “ED and sport”, “mental health and sport”, “consequences of eating disorders”, “sport education”.
Results: Investigation of available literature revealed the connection between developing eating disorder in professional athlete sample. The reasons behind it are mostly sports’ oriented and connected to the desire to achieve better results and perfectionism. However, developing an eating disorder results in worse sports’ performance, menstrual irregularity, lower bone mineral density, cardiovascular issues and can be potentially mortal.
Conclusion: Athletes are in danger of developing eating disorders. There should be a focus on evaluating people in sport in terms of eating patterns, however available questionnaires are inefficient because players tend to underreport their problems. Coaches and families of the athletes need to be educated in the topic as they can recognize dangerous behaviors first.
Rehabilitation as a relevant factor in improvement of the quality of life in palliative patients
Authors: Chrościcka Alicja , Gała Kamil , Czajka Andrzej , Lenard Paweł , Kucharski Adam , Michalska Sara , Pilarski Konrad , Dewicka Martyna , Wawrzyniak Alicja Maria , Makuch Rafał 
Published: July 2024

Introduction
Palliative care is a medical field focused on enhancing the quality of life for terminally ill patients rather than curing their disease. It involves a multidisciplinary team that aims to improve patients' well-being, manage pain, alleviate other physical symptoms, and ease mental suffering. The purpose of this work is to show how much rehabilitation is important for palliative patients and improves the quality of life.
State of Knowledge
The article contains different types of rehabilitation that seem to be useful in daily challenges of palliative patients. Chosen types of rehabilitation are: physical, pulmonary, speech and language and psychosocial.
Material and methodsThe method obtaining the data is based on medical reviews including WHO reports about rehabilitation and palliative care showing what is a relationship between them.
Summary
All of the studies and reviews showed a strong relationship between each type of rehabilitation and improvement of quality of life of palliative patients. Each type of rehabilitation touches different areas of struggle for palliative patients as mobility, pain, communication with surrounding, anxiety, stress and social exclusion.