bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prostate Cancer Progression Correlates with Increased Humoral Immune Response to a Human Endogenous Retrovirus GAG Protein
Authors: Reis Bernardo Sgarbi , Jungbluth Achim A. , Frosina Denise , Holz Megan , Ritter Erika , Nakayama Eiichi , Ishida Toshiaki , Obata Yuichi , Carver Brett , Scher Howard , Scardino Peter T. , Slovin Susan , Subudhi Sumit K. , Reuter Victor E. , Savage Caroline , Allison James P. , Melamed Jonathan , Jäger Elke , Ritter Gerd , Old Lloyd J. , Gnjatic Sacha 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Purpose: Human endogenous retroviruses (HERV) encode 8% of the human genome. While HERVs may play a role in autoimmune and neoplastic disease, no mechanistic association has yet been established. We studied the expression and immunogenicity of a HERV-K GAG protein encoded on chromosome 22q11.23 in relation to the clinical course of prostate cancer.
Experimental Design: In vitro expression of GAG-HERV-K was analyzed in panels of normal and malignant tissues, microarrays, and cell lines, and effects of demethylation and androgen stimulation were evaluated. Patient sera were analyzed for seroreactivity to GAG-HERV-K and other self-antigens by ELISA and seromics (protein array profiling).
Results: GAG-HERV-K expression was most frequent in prostate tissues and regulated both by demethylation of the promoter region and by androgen stimulation. Serum screening revealed that antibodies to GAG-HERV-K are found in a subset of patients with prostate cancer (33 of 483, 6.8%) but rarely in male healthy donors (1 of 55, 1.8%). Autoantibodies to GAG-HERV-K occurred more frequently in patients with advanced prostate cancer (29 of 191 in stage III–IV, 21.0%) than in early prostate cancer (4 of 292 in stages I–II, 1.4%). Presence of GAG-HERV-K serum antibody was correlated with worse survival of patients with prostate cancer, with a trend for faster biochemical recurrence in patients with antibodies to GAG-HERV-K.
Conclusions: Preferential expression of GAG-HERV-K ch22q11.23 in prostate cancer tissue and increased frequency of autoantibodies observed in patients with advanced prostate cancer make this protein one of the first bona fide retroviral cancer antigens in humans, with potential as a biomarker for progression and biochemical recurrence rate of prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 19(22); 6112–25. ©2013 AACR.
The Origin of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Dictates Their Reparative Properties
Authors: Naftali‐Shani Nili , Itzhaki‐Alfia Ayelet , Landa‐Rouben Natalie , Kain David , Holbova Radka , Adutler‐Lieber Shimrit , Molotski Natali , Asher Elad , Grupper Avishay , Millet Eran , Tessone Ariel , Winkler Eyal , Kastrup Jens , Feinberg Micha S. , Zipori Dov , Pevsner‐Fischer Meirav , Raanani Ehud , Leor Jonathan 
Published: October 2013

Background

Human mesenchymal stromal cells (
hMSC
s) from adipose cardiac tissue have attracted considerable interest in regard to cell‐based therapies. We aimed to test the hypothesis that
hMSC
s from the heart and epicardial fat would be better cells for infarct repair.

Methods and Results

We isolated and grew
hMSC
s from patients with ischemic heart disease from 4 locations: epicardial fat, pericardial fat, subcutaneous fat, and the right atrium. Significantly,
hMSC
s from the right atrium and epicardial fat secreted the highest amounts of trophic and inflammatory cytokines, while
hMSC
s from pericardial and subcutaneous fat secreted the lowest. Relative expression of inflammation‐ and fibrosis‐related genes was considerably higher in
hMSC
s from the right atrium and epicardial fat than in subcutaneous fat
hMSC
s. To determine the functional effects of
hMSC
s, we allocated rats to
hMSC
transplantation 7 days after myocardial infarction. Atrial
hMSC
s induced greatest infarct vascularization as well as highest inflammation score 27 days after transplantation. Surprisingly, cardiac dysfunction was worst after transplantation of
hMSC
s from atrium and epicardial fat and minimal after transplantation of
hMSC
s from subcutaneous fat. These findings were confirmed by using
hMSC
transplantation in immunocompromised mice after myocardial infarction. Notably, there was a correlation between tumor necrosis factor‐α secretion from
hMSC
s and posttransplantation left ventricular remodeling and dysfunction.

Conclusions

Because of their proinflammatory properties,
hMSC
s from the right atrium and epicardial fat of cardiac patients could impair heart function after myocardial infarction. Our findings might be relevant to autologous mesenchymal stromal cell therapy and development and progression of ischemic heart disease.
Lipoprotein lipase activity in heterozygotes for lipoprotein lipase gene mutations reveals a gender bias
Authors: Murase Toshio , Ebara Tetsu , Okubo Minoru 
Published: October 2013

Background Familial lipoprotein lipase (LPL) deficiency is a very rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by marked elevation of plasma triglyceride concentrations. Since 1989, a variety of mutations have been reported in affected patients. Studies on subjects with heterozygous LPL deficiency, on the other hand, have been limited. Methods We examined post-heparin plasma LPL activity in 15 subjects with heterozygous LPL deficiency. Results The heterozygotes exhibited normal or slightly elevated plasma triglyceride concentrations. The mean LPL activity was reduced by 25% in the heterozygotes relative to controls. Interestingly, LPL activity was reduced specifically in female heterozygotes. Conclusion LPL activity is decreased in female, but not in male, subjects heterozygous for a number of different LPL gene mutations.
Inadequate Monitoring in Advanced Stages of Disease with Lack of Supportive Counseling Increases Attrition among Patients on Antiretroviral Treatment at a Large Urban Clinic in Uganda
Authors: Nakiwogga-Muwanga Alice , Alamo-Talisuna Stella , Musaazi Joseph , Kambugu Andrew , Ssekawungu P. , Katabira Elly , Colebunders Robert 
Published: October 2013

Background: The purpose of this case–control study was to identify risk factors for loss to follow-up (LTFU). Methods: Cases and controls were selected from HIV-positive patients, aged 18 years and older, on antiretroviral therapy (ART) at the Infectious Diseases Clinic (IDC) in January 2008. As cases, we selected 209 patients who in 2008 did not return to the clinic within 90 days of their scheduled appointment date. As controls, we randomly selected 626 patients from the 5872 patients who were following up at the end of December 2008. Results: In multivariable logistic regression analysis, urban or semiurban residence, World Health Organization disease stage III or IV at ART initiation, a median CD4 count at last visit <200 cells/mm3, tuberculosis (TB) in the 6 months before the last visit, absence of counseling before ART initiation, and no disclosure of HIV status were associated with LTFU. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the importance of close patient monitoring in advanced stages of disease, supportive counseling for patients initiating ART, extra psychosocial support for patients with TB and HIV coinfection, assisting patients with disclosure, and setting up a good referral system to retain patients on ART.
Discrimination of infectious hepatitis A virus and rotavirus by combining dyes and surfactants with RT-qPCR
Authors: Coudray-Meunier Coralie , Fraisse Audrey , Martin-Latil Sandra , Guillier Laurent , Perelle Sylvie 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Human enteric viruses are major agents of foodborne diseases. Because of the absence of a reliable cell culture method for most of the enteric viruses involved in outbreaks, real-time reverse transcriptase PCR is now widely used for the detection of RNA viruses in food samples. However this approach detects viral nucleic acids of both infectious and non infectious viruses, which limits the impact of conclusions with regard to public health concern. The aim of the study was to develop a method to discriminate between infectious and non-infectious particles of hepatitis A virus (HAV) and two strains of rotavirus (RV) following thermal inactivation by using intercalating dyes combined with RT-qPCR.

Results
Once the binding of propidium monoazide (PMA) or ethidium monoazide (EMA) was shown to be effective on the viral ssRNA of HAV and dsRNA of two strains of RV (SA11 and Wa), their use in conjunction with three surfactants (IGEPAL CA-630, Tween 20, Triton X-100) prior to RT-qPCR assays was evaluated to quantify the infectious particles remaining following heat treatment. The most promising conditions were EMA (20 μM) and IGEPAL CA-630 (0.5%) for HAV, EMA (20 μM) for RV (WA) and PMA (50 μM) for RV (SA11). The effectiveness of the pre-treatment RT-qPCR developed for each virus was evaluated with three RT-qPCR assays (A, B, C) during thermal inactivation kinetics (at 37°C, 68 C, 72°C, 80°C) through comparison with data obtained by RT-qPCR and by infectious titration in cell culture. At 37°C, the quantity of virus (RV, HAV) remained constant regardless of the method used. The genomic titers following heat treatment at 68°C to 80°C became similar to the infectious titers only when a pre-treatment RT-qPCR was used. Moreover, the most effective decrease was obtained by RT-qPCR assay A or B for HAV and RT-qPCR assay B or C for RV.

Conclusions
We concluded that effectiveness of the pre-treatment RT-qPCR is influenced by the viral target and by the choice of the RT-qPCR assay. Currently, it would be appropriate to further develop this approach under specific conditions of inactivation for the identification of infectious viruses in food and environmental samples.
Prognosis and ICU outcome of systemic vasculitis
Authors: Befort Patrice , Corne Philippe , Filleron Thomas , Jung Boris , Bengler Christian , Jonquet Olivier , Klouche Kada 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Systemic vasculitis may cause life threatening complications requiring admission to an intensive care unit (ICU). The aim of this study was to evaluate outcomes of systemic vasculitis patients admitted to the ICU and to identify prognosis factors.

Methods
During a ten-year period, records of 31 adult patients with systemic vasculitis admitted to ICUs (median age: 63 y.o, sex ratio M/F: 21/10, SAPS II: 40) were reviewed including clinical and biological parameters, use of mechanical ventilation, catecholamine or/and dialysis support. Mortality was assessed and data were analyzed to identify predictive factors of outcome.

Results
Causes of ICU admissions were active manifestation of vasculitis (n = 19), septic shock (n = 8) and miscellaneous (n = 4). Sixteen patients (52%) died in ICU. By univariate analysis, mortality was associated with higher SOFA (p = 0.006) and SAPS II (p = 0.004) scores. The need for a catecholamine support or/and a renal replacement therapy, and the occurrence of an ARDS significantly worsen the prognosis. By multivariate analysis, only SAPS II (Odd ratio: 1.16, 95% CI [1.01; 1.33]) and BVAS scores (Odd ratio: 1.16, 95% CI = [1.01; 1.34]) were predictive of mortality.

Conclusion
The mortality rate of severe vasculitis requiring an admission to ICU was high. High levels of SAPS II and BVAS scores at admission were predictive of mortality.
The in vivo blood compatibility of bio-inspired small diameter vascular graft: effect of submicron longitudinally aligned topography
Authors: Liu Ruiming , Qin Yuansen , Wang Huijin , Zhao Yong , Hu Zuojun , Wang Shenming 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of deaths worldwide and the arterial reconstructive surgery remains the treatment of choice. Although large diameter vascular grafts have been widely used in clinical practices, there is an urgent need to develop a small diameter vascular graft with enhanced blood compatibility. Herein, we fabricated a small diameter vascular graft with submicron longitudinally aligned topography, which mimicked the tunica intima of the native arterial vessels and were tested in Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats.

Methods
Vascular grafts with aligned and smooth topography were prepared by electrospinning and were connected to the abdominal aorta of the SD rats to evaluate their blood compatibility. Graft patency and platelet adhesion were evaluated by color Doppler ultrasound and immunofluorescence respectively.

Results
We observed a significant higher patency rate (p = 0.021) and less thrombus formation in vascular graft with aligned topography than vascular graft with smooth topography. However, no significant difference between the adhesion rates on both vascular grafts (smooth/aligned: 0.35‰/0.12‰, p > 0.05) was observed. Moreover, both vascular grafts had few adherent activated platelets on the luminal surface.

Conclusion
Bionic vascular graft showed enhanced blood compatibility due to the effect of surface topography. Therefore, it has considerable potential for using in clinical application.
Vertically integrated shared learning models in general practice: a qualitative study
Authors: Ahern Christine M , van de Mortel Thea F , Silberberg Peter L , Barling Janet A , Pit Sabrina W 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
The numbers of learners seeking placements in general practice is rapidly increasing as an ageing workforce impacts on General Practitioner availability. The traditional master apprentice model that involves one-to-one teaching is therefore leading to supervision capacity constraints. Vertically integrated (VI) models may provide a solution. Shared learning, in which multiple levels of learners are taught together in the same session, is one such model. This study explored stakeholders’ perceptions of shared learning in general practices in northern NSW, Australia.

Methods
A qualitative research method, involving individual semi-structured interviews with GP supervisors, GP registrars, Prevocational General Practice Placements Program trainees, medical students and practice managers situated in nine teaching practices, was used to investigate perceptions of shared learning practices. A thematic analysis was conducted on 33 transcripts by three researchers.

Results
Participants perceived many benefits to shared learning including improved collegiality, morale, financial rewards, and better sharing of resources, knowledge and experience. Additional benefits included reduced social and professional isolation, and workload. Perceived risks of shared learning included failure to meet the individual needs of all learners. Shared learning models were considered unsuitable when learners need to: receive remediation, address a specific deficit or immediate learning needs, learn communication or procedural skills, be given personalised feedback or be observed by their supervisor during consultations. Learners’ acceptance of shared learning appeared partially dependent on their supervisors’ small group teaching and facilitation skills.

Conclusions
Shared learning models may partly address supervision capacity constraints in general practice, and bring multiple benefits to the teaching environment that are lacking in the one-to-one model. However, the risks need to be managed appropriately, to ensure learning needs are met for all levels of learners. Supervisors also need to consider that one-to-one teaching may be more suitable in some instances. Policy makers, medical educators and GP training providers need to ensure that quality learning outcomes are achieved for all levels of learners. A mixture of one-to-one and shared learning would address the benefits and downsides of each model thereby maximising learners’ learning outcomes and experiences.
Effects of a multifaceted intervention on cardiovascular risk factors in high-risk hypertensive patients: the ESCAPE trial, a pragmatic cluster randomized trial in general practice
Authors: Pouchain Denis , Lièvre Michel , Huas Dominique , Lebeau Jean-Pierre , Renard Vincent , Bruckert Eric , Girerd Xavier , Boutitie Florent ,   The French National College of Teachers in General Practice
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Several observational studies on hypertensive patients have shown a gap between therapeutic targets recommended in guidelines and those achieved in daily practice. The ESCAPE trial aimed to determine whether a multifaceted intervention focused on general practitioners (GPs), could increase significantly the proportion of hypertensive patients at high risk in primary prevention who achieved all their recommended therapeutic targets.

Methods
A pragmatic, cluster randomized trial involving 257 GPs randomized by region. The GPs in the intervention group had a one-day training session and were given an electronic blood pressure measurement device and a short recommendation leaflet. Along with usual follow-up, they focused one consultation on hypertension and other cardiovascular risk factors every six months for two years. They also received feedback at baseline and at one year on their patients’ clinical and biological parameters. Main outcome measures were change in the proportion of patients achieving all their therapeutic targets and each individual therapeutic target at two years, and quality of life.

Results
1,832 high-risk hypertensive patients were included. After two years, the proportion of patients achieving all their therapeutic targets increased significantly in both groups, but significantly more in the intervention group: OR (odds-ratio) 1.89, (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09 to 3.27, P = 0.02). Significantly more patients achieved their blood pressure targets in the intervention group than in the usual care group: OR 2.03 (95% CI 1.44 to 2.88, P < 0.0001). Systolic and diastolic blood pressures decreased significantly more in the intervention group than in the usual care group, by 4.8 mmHg and 1.9 mmHg, respectively (P < 0.0001 for both). There were no significant difference changes in physical and mental quality of life between groups.

Conclusion
An easy-to-perform, multifaceted intervention targeting only GPs increased significantly the proportion of high-risk hypertensive patients in primary prevention achieving their recommended therapeutic targets.

Trial registration
This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00348855
Accelerometry and salivary cortisol response during Air Force Special Tactics Officer selection
Authors: Cuddy John S , Reinert Andrew R , Hailes Walter S , Slivka Dustin R , Ruby Brent C 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Special Tactics Officer (STO) selection is conducted to select officers to enter the combat controller training pipeline. The aims were to determine physical activity patterns, estimate energy expenditure, and identify whether return and/or unsuccessful candidates demonstrated differences in cortisol responses compared to non-selected and/or first-time attendees.

Methods
Participants completed the STO selection, consisting of 5 days of physical and mental challenges. Participants were equipped with ActiCals®, and saliva samples were collected throughout the STO selection.

Results
Average activity counts were 684 ± 200 counts∙min−1, with no group differences. Estimated energy expenditure was 4,105 ± 451 kcal∙day−1. Cortisol was elevated following extended physical training but returned to baseline during rest. Return candidates had significantly lower cortisol responses compared to first-timers, 0.43 ± 0.06 μg∙dl−1 versus 0.76 ± 0.18 μg∙dl−1, respectively, p < 0.05.

Conclusions
An individual's salivary cortisol response to the stresses incurred during the STO selection has the potential to be incorporated into the entire picture of a candidate's performance and ability to handle stress.
Professional life in child and adolescent mental health services may be getting more complicated, but cases are not
Authors: Thompson Anne E. , Nadkarni Amulya , Nazir Saeed A. , Sorour Walid , Owen Victoria , Buggineni Surendra Kumar 
Published: October 2013

Aims and methodIn 2006, staff in child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) in Lincolnshire, UK, felt that cases were becoming increasingly complex. The Pearce Case Complexity Scale (PCCS) and a staff opinions questionnaire were used to measure subjective and objective changes in case complexity in a relatively stable CAMHS service over a 10-year period from 1996 to 2006, with data examined between 2008 and 2010.ResultsClinicians reported an increase in case complexity over time. However, the PCCS did not show a significant change in the decade studied.Clinical implicationsStaff anxiety could be a determinant of judgements they make about case complexity in CAMHS.
A solution to the ossification of community psychiatry
Authors: Tyrer Peter 
Published: October 2013

SummaryThe aim for seamless care that has long been the ultimate goal of good community psychiatry in the UK has disappeared, and there is now much needless argument over models of delivering care that ignore its main philosophy. It is argued that this ossification of care has not only made it ineffective, but has also promoted demoralisation and burn-out in the workforce, as the locus of control has shifted from clinician to managerial imperative. An initiative that can break up the opaque structures that hinder continuity of care is now available and a suggestion is made for a flexible, invigorated community care team system based on smaller catchment areas that allows a single team to combine the elements of assertive outreach, crisis resolution and early intervention with in-patient care.
Dear Editor, why have you rejected my article?
Authors: Pimm Jonathan 
Published: October 2013

SummaryThe experience of rejection of an article submitted for publication to a scientific journal can be particularly anxiety provoking, especially when the furtherance of an academic career or the gaining of a permanent post might be riding on getting it published. Many papers fail to get past the first hurdle and are not sent out for peer review, often as a result of the most basic of errors: the results are not generalisable, the paper adds nothing new to the subject, there are flaws in the study design or inappropriate statistics were used. Attention paid to formulating a clear research question and the adoption at the outset of a doable, interesting project will often help to avoid disappointment.