bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A cluster-randomised controlled trial of a physical activity and nutrition programme in retirement villages: a study protocol
Authors: Holt Anne-Marie , Jancey Jonine , Lee Andy H , Kerr Deborah A , Hills Andrew P , Anderson Annie S , Howat Peter A 
Published: September 2014

IntroductionPhysical activity levels of Australia's ageing population are declining and coincidentally rates of overweight and obesity are increasing. Adequate levels of physical activity and a healthy diet are recognised as important lifestyle factors for the maintenance of a healthy weight and prevention of chronic diseases. Retirement village (RV) residents rarely engage in physical activity and nutrition programmes offered, with poor attendance and low use of existing facilities such as on-site fitness centres and classes and nutrition seminars. The RV provides a unique setting to access and engage with this older target group, to test the effectiveness of strategies to increase levels of physical activity, improve nutrition and maintain a healthy weight.Method and analysisThis cluster-randomised controlled trial will evaluate a physical activity, nutrition and healthy weight management intervention for insufficiently active (‘not achieving 150 min of moderate-intensity physical activity per week’) adults aged 60–75 residing in RV's. A total of 400 participants will be recruited from 20 randomly selected RV's in Perth, Western Australia. Villages will be assigned to either the intervention group (n=10) or the control group (n=10) each containing 200 participants. The Retirement Village Physical Activity and Nutrition for Seniors (RVPANS) programme is a home-based physical activity and nutrition programme that includes educational resources, along with facilitators who will motivate and guide the participants during the 6-month intervention. Descriptive statistics and mixed regression models will be performed to assess the intervention effects. This trial will evaluate an intervention for the modification of health risk factors in the RV setting. Such research conducted in RV's has been limited.Ethics and disseminationCurtin University Human Research Ethics Committee (approval number: HR128/2012). Dissemination of the study results will occur through publications, reports, conference presentations and community seminars.Trial registration numberAustralia and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ACTRN12612001168842)
Context-aware Fuzzy Control Systems
Authors: Pelc Mariusz 
Published: September 2014

In this paper an example of a hierarchical context-aware run-time reconfigurable control system is presented. The context-awareness is resulting from using policy-based computing as a technology allowing the control system to replace its decision making logic in run-time in response to changing environment conditions. The proposed solution allows system experts to specify policies (AGILE policies) used in the Supervision Layer for the purpose of making decisions regarding the most appropriate controller configuration and on the other side, they can specify policies (Fuzzy Logic policies) used in the Control Layer in order to generate control signals allowing to achieve specified control goals. Novelty of the proposed solutions lays in combination of two technologies, Open Decision Point technology originating from the Software Engineering domain Policy-based Computing that is originating from the Knowledge Engineering domain in application to non-linear control systems.
Individual Differences in Aversion to Ambiguity Regarding Medical Tests and Treatments: Association with Cancer Screening Cognitions
Authors: Han Paul K.J. , Williams Andrew E. , Haskins Amy , Gutheil Caitlin , Lucas F. Lee , Klein William M.P. , Mazor Kathleen M. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Background: Aversion to “ambiguity”—uncertainty about the reliability, credibility, or adequacy of information—about medical tests and treatments is an important psychological response that varies among individuals, but little is known about its nature and extent. The purpose of this study was to examine how individual-level ambiguity aversion relates to important health cognitions related to different cancer screening tests.
Methods: A survey of 1,074 adults, ages 40 to 70 years, was conducted in four integrated U.S. healthcare systems. The Ambiguity Aversion in Medicine (AA-Med) scale, a measure of individual differences in aversion to ambiguity (AA) about medical tests and treatments, was administered along with measures of several cancer screening-related cognitions: perceived benefits and harms of colonoscopy, mammography, and PSA screening, and ambivalence and future intentions regarding these tests. Multivariable analyses were conducted to assess the associations between AA-Med scores and cancer screening cognitions.
Results: Individual-level AA as assessed by the AA-Med scale was significantly associated (P &lt; 0.05) with lower perceived benefits, greater perceived harms, and greater ambivalence about all three screening tests, and lower intentions for colonoscopy but not mammography or PSA screening.
Conclusion: Individual-level AA is broadly and simultaneously associated with various pessimistic cognitive appraisals of multiple cancer screening tests. The breadth of these associations suggests that the influence of individual-level AA is insensitive to the degree and nonspecific with respect to the causes of ambiguity.
Impact: Individual-level AA constitutes a measurable, wide-ranging cognitive bias against medical intervention, and more research is needed to elucidate its mechanisms and effects. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(12); 2916–23. ©2014 AACR.
Microvascular Thrombosis, Fibrinolysis, Ischemic Injury, and Death After Cerebral Thromboembolism Are Affected by Levels of Circulating α2-Antiplasmin
Authors: Reed Guy L. , Houng Aiilyan K. , Wang Dong 
Published: September 2014

Objective—
Ischemic stroke is primarily attributable to thrombotic vascular occlusion. Elevated α2-antiplasmin (a2AP) levels correlate with increased stroke risk, but whether a2AP contributes to the pathogenesis of stroke is unknown. We examined how a2AP affects thrombosis, ischemic brain injury, and survival after experimental cerebral thromboembolism.

Approach and Results—

We evaluated the effects of a2AP on stroke outcomes in mice with increased, normal, or no circulating a2AP, as well as in mice given an a2AP-inactivating antibody. Higher a2AP levels were correlated with greater ischemic brain injury (
r
s
=0.88,
P
<0.001), brain swelling (
r
s
=0.82,
P
<0.001), and reduced middle cerebral artery thrombus dissolution (
r
s
=−0.93,
P
<0.001). In contrast, a2AP deficiency enhanced thrombus dissolution, increased cerebral blood flow, reduced brain infarction, and decreased brain swelling. By comparison to tissue plasminogen activator (TPA), a2AP inactivation hours after thromboembolism still reduced brain infarction (
P
<0.001) and hemorrhage (
P
<0.05). Microvascular thrombosis, a process that enhances brain ischemia, was markedly reduced in a2AP-deficient or a2AP-inactivated mice compared with TPA-treated mice or mice with increased a2AP levels (all
P
<0.001). Matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression, which contributes to acute brain injury, was profoundly decreased in a2AP-deficient or a2AP-inactivated mice versus TPA-treated mice or mice with increased a2AP levels (all
P
<0.001). a2AP inactivation markedly reduced stroke mortality versus TPA (
P
<0.0001).

Conclusions—
a2AP has profound, dose-related effects on ischemic brain injury, swelling, hemorrhage, and survival after cerebral thromboembolism. By comparison to TPA, the protective effects of a2AP deficiency or inactivation seem to be mediated through reductions in microvascular thrombosis and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression.
Complication Rates and Center Enrollment Volume in the Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy Versus Stenting Trial
Authors: Gonzales Nicole R. , Demaerschalk Bart M. , Voeks Jenifer H. , Tom MeeLee , Howard George , Sheffet Alice J. , Garcia Lawrence , Clair Daniel G. , Barr John , Orlow Steven , Brott Thomas G. 
Published: September 2014

Background and Purpose—
Evidence indicates that center volume of cases affects outcomes for both carotid endarterectomy and stenting. We evaluated the effect of enrollment volume by site on complication rates in the Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy Versus Stenting Trial (CREST).

Methods—
The primary composite end point was any stroke, myocardial infarction, or death within 30 days or ipsilateral stroke in follow-up. The 477 approved surgeons performed >12 procedures per year with complication rates <3% for asymptomatic patients and <5% for symptomatic patients; 224 interventionists were certified after a rigorous 2 step credentialing process. CREST centers were divided into tertiles based on the number of patients enrolled into the study, with Group 1 sites enrolling <25 patients, Group 2 sites enrolling 25 to 51 patients, and Group 3 sites enrolling >51 patients. Differences in periprocedural event rates for the primary composite end point and its components were compared using logistic regression adjusting for age, sex, and symptomatic status within site-volume level.

Results—

The safety of carotid angioplasty and stenting and carotid endarterectomy did not vary by site-volume during the periprocedural period as indicated by occurrence of the primary end point (
P
=0.54) or by stroke and death (
P
=0.87). A trend toward an inverse relationship between center enrollment volume and complications was mitigated by adjustment for known risk factors.

Conclusions—
Complication rates were low in CREST and were not associated with center enrollment volume. The data are consistent with the value of rigorous training and credentialing in trials evaluating endovascular devices and surgical procedures.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00004732.
Blood Pressure–Lowering Treatment With Candesartan in Patients With Acute Hemorrhagic Stroke
Authors: Jusufovic Mirza , Sandset Else C. , Bath Philip M.W. , Berge Eivind 
Published: September 2014

Background and Purpose—
Early and intensive blood pressure–lowering treatment seems to be beneficial in patients with acute hemorrhagic stroke and high blood pressure. We wanted to see if similar benefits can be shown from a later and more gradual blood pressure lowering, using data from the Scandinavian Candesartan Acute Stroke Trial (SCAST).

Methods—
SCAST was a randomized- and placebo-controlled, double-masked trial of candesartan given for 7 days, in 2029 patients with acute stroke and systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg. We assessed the effects of candesartan in the 274 patients with hemorrhagic stroke, using the trial’s 2 coprimary effect variables: the composite vascular end point of vascular death, stroke or myocardial infarction, and functional outcome at 6 months, according to the modified Rankin Scale. We used Cox proportional hazards models and ordinal regression for analysis and adjusted for key, predefined prognostic variables.

Results—

There was no association between treatment with candesartan and risk of vascular events (17 of 144 [11.8%] versus 13 of 130 [10.0%]; hazard ratio, 1.36; 95% confidence interval, 0.65–2.83;
P
=0.41). For functional outcome we found evidence of a negative effect of candesartan (common odds ratio, 1.61; 95% confidence interval, 1.03–2.50;
P
=0.036).

Conclusions—
There was no evidence that blood pressure–lowering treatment with candesartan is beneficial during the first week of hemorrhagic stroke. Instead, there were signs that such treatment may be harmful, but this needs to be verified in larger studies.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00120003.
Effect of backward walking training on postural balance in children with hemiparetic cerebral palsy: a randomized controlled study
Authors: El-Basatiny Heba M Youssr , Abdel-aziem Amr Almaz 
Published: September 2014

Objective: To study the effect of additional backward walking training on postural control in children with hemiparetic cerebral palsy. Design: Randomized controlled study. Setting: Physical therapy clinics. Subjects: Thirty spastic hemiparetic cerebral palsied children of both sexes (10-14 years, 14 girls and 16 boys). Intervention: Children were randomly assigned into two equal groups: experimental and control groups. Both groups received a traditional physical therapy program for 12 weeks. Experimental group additionally received backward walking training which was provided 25 min/day, 3 days/week for 3 successive months. Outcome measures: Baseline and post-treatment assessment for overall, anteroposterior, and mediolateral stability indices were evaluated by using Biodex balance system. Results: After treatment; two way ANOVA revealed significant improvement in overall, anteroposterior and mediolateral stability indices of experimental group at the most stable level (level 12) and moderately unstable level (level 7) (1.40 ± 0.44 and 1.73 ± 0.51; 1.11 ± 0.34 and 2.13 ± 0.52; 1.93 ± 0.51 and 2.68 ± 0.52) respectively, than control group (1.77 ± 0.44 and 2.17 ± 0.56; 1.44 ± 0.44 and 2.54 ± 0.49; 2.39 ± 0.65 and 3.11 ± 0.49) respectively, ( P < 0.05). There were significant improvement in all measured variables for both groups at both levels ( P < 0.05). Conclusion: Additional backward walking training to traditional physical therapy program yields improvement in postural stability indices in children with spastic hemiparetic cerebral palsy than traditional physical therapy alone.
How I treat Burkitt lymphoma in adults
Authors: Jacobson Caron , LaCasce Ann 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is an aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma that is almost uniformly associated with translocations involving the gene for MYC on chromosome 8. The 3 subtypes of BL, endemic, sporadic, and immunodeficiency-associated, differ from epidemiologic and clinical perspectives but may be genetically similar. Prompt administration of multiagent immunochemotherapy regimens is associated with favorable outcomes for the majority of patients. Survival is inferior in older patients, likely reflecting increased therapy-related toxicity, possibly resulting in decreased treatment intensity. Central nervous system prophylaxis, tumor lysis prevention and treatment, and management of infectious complications from myelosuppressive regimens are critical. Prognosis of refractory or relapsed disease is poor and patients are best treated on clinical trials when available.
IPI-145 antagonizes intrinsic and extrinsic survival signals in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells
Authors: Dong Shuai , Guinn Daphne , Dubovsky Jason A. , Zhong Yiming , Lehman Amy , Kutok Jeffery , Woyach Jennifer A. , Byrd John C. , Johnson Amy J. 
Published: September 2014

Key Points
PI3K p110δ/γ inhibitor IPI-145 abrogates prosurvival signals and induces apoptosis in CLL cells. IPI-145 overcomes BTK C481S mutation conferring ibrutinib resistance.
Comparison of cardiovascular co-morbidities and CPAP use in patients with positional and non-positional mild obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Huang Yi-Chih , Lin Chun-Yao , Lan Chou-Chin , Wu Yao-Kuang , Lim Chor-Shen , Huang Chun-Yao , Huang Hsuan-Li , Yeh Kuan-Hung , Liu Yu-Chih , Yang Mei-Chen 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Background
This retrospective cohort study aimed to determine if there are differences in cardiovascular co-morbidities, blood pressure (BP) and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) use between patients with positional-dependent and nonpositional-dependent obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Methods
Patients who were referred for overnight polysomnography for suspected OSA between 2007 and 2011 were screened. A total of 371 patients with OSA were included for analysis and divided into six groups according to positional-dependency and severity of OSA: positional mild (n = 52), positional moderate (n = 29), positional severe (n = 24), non-positional mild (n = 18), non-positional moderate (n = 70) and non-positional severe group (n = 178). The six groups were compared for anthropometric and polysomnographic variables, presence of cardiovascular co-morbidities, morning and evening BP and the changes between evening and morning BP, and CPAP device usage patterns.

Results
Demographic and anthropometric variables showed non-positional severe OSA had poor sleep quality and higher morning blood pressures. Positional mild OSA had the lowest cardiovascular co-morbidities. Overall CPAP acceptance was 45.6%. Mild OSA patients had the lowest CPAP acceptance rate (10%), followed by moderate group (37.37%) and severe group (61.88%, P < 0.001). However, the significant difference in CPAP acceptance across OSA severity disappeared when the data was stratified by positional dependency.

Conclusions
This study found that positional mild OSA had less cardiovascular co-morbidities compared with subjects with positional severe OSA. Independent of posture, CPAP acceptance in patients with mild OSA was low, but CPAP compliance was similar in CPAP acceptors regardless of posture dependency of OSA. Since there are increasing evidences of greater cardiovascular risk for untreated mild OSA, improving CPAP acceptance among mild OSA patients may be clinically important regardless of posture dependency.
Polyethylene glycol-modified dendrimer-entrapped gold nanoparticles enhance CT imaging of blood pool in atherosclerotic mice
Authors: Ye Kaichuang , Qin Jinbao , Peng Zhiyou , Yang Xinrui , Huang Lijia , Yuan Fukang , Peng Chen , Jiang Mier , Lu Xinwu 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
We report a new use of dendrimer-entrapped gold nanoparticles (Au DENPs) modified by polyethylene glycol (PEG) with good biocompatibility for in vitro and in vivo imaging of atherosclerotic mice by computed tomography (CT). In this study, Au DENPs were synthesized using poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers of generation 5 (G5.NH2) modified by PEG monomethyl ether (G5.NH2-m PEG20) as templates. In vitro cytotoxicity and flow cytometry assays show that the formed PEGylated Au DENPs have good biocompatibility and are non-cytotoxic at the Au concentration up to 300 μM. Silver staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) further confirm that the Au DENPs are able to be uptaken by macrophages and are located dominantly in the lysosomes of the cells. Importantly, the formed PEGylated Au DENPs are able to be used for CT imaging of murine macrophages in vitro and macrophages in atherosclerotic mice in vivo using apolipoprotein-E-gene-deficient mice as a model. These findings suggest that the formed PEGylated Au DENPs are a promising contrast agent for CT imaging of atherosclerosis.
Comparative analysis of barium titanate thin films dry etching using inductively coupled plasmas by different fluorine-based mixture gas
Authors: Li Yang , Wang Cong , Yao Zhao , Kim Hong-Ki , Kim Nam-Young 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
In this work, the inductively coupled plasma etching technique was applied to etch the barium titanate thin film. A comparative study of etch characteristics of the barium titanate thin film has been investigated in fluorine-based (CF4/O2, C4F8/O2 and SF6/O2) plasmas. The etch rates were measured using focused ion beam in order to ensure the accuracy of measurement. The surface morphology of etched barium titanate thin film was characterized by atomic force microscope. The chemical state of the etched surfaces was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. According to the experimental result, we monitored that a higher barium titanate thin film etch rate was achieved with SF6/O2 due to minimum amount of necessary ion energy and its higher volatility of etching byproducts as compared with CF4/O2 and C4F8/O2. Low-volatile C-F compound etching byproducts from C4F8/O2 were observed on the etched surface and resulted in the reduction of etch rate. As a result, the barium titanate films can be effectively etched by the plasma with the composition of SF6/O2, which has an etch rate of over than 46.7 nm/min at RF power/inductively coupled plasma (ICP) power of 150/1,000 W under gas pressure of 7.5 mTorr with a better surface morphology.
A visual tool for accessibility study of pipeline maintenance during design
Authors: Lee Chu-Hsuan , Tsai Meng-Han , Kang Shih-Chung 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Background
Pipeline maintenance is becoming an important issue in modern construction and building information model (BIM) research. An understanding of pipeline accessibility considerations in terms of operation and maintenance is essential for planning and management. Previous studies have highlighted the complexity of multi-pipes including mechanical, electrical and plumbing (MEP) pipelines and the importance of information visualization, but few have proposed a way to consider accessibility problems during operation and maintenance.

Methods
Therefore, this study develops a systematic method to evaluate accessibility with respect to pipeline maintenance. We first divided pipeline accessibility into three categories: (1) visual accessibility—the visibility for an inspector to view; (2) approachable accessibility—the difficulty for an inspector to approach; and (3) operational accessibility—the pipeline that can be operated by the inspectors. We created mathematical models and discussed the ergonomic details about each category. We then developed a user interface, VAO Checker, in which V, A and O stand for visual, approachable and operational respectively, to display visual information about pipeline accessibility. Through instantaneous analysis, the system visualizes the accessibility of the pipelines. We visually represent the intersection and union of these three categories to illustrate the varying accessibility of pipe elements.

Results
A usability test was conducted to validate the system's effectiveness. The results of the usability analysis show that users have higher correctness when using VAO Checker than 2D plan drawing and 3D model, and they evaluate the performance of this tool better than 2D plan drawing.

Conclusion
Pipeline designers can benefit by using this tool to sketch a suitable traffic flow for engineers to investigate. Furthermore, the substantial amount of information saved in the layout database could be referenced for future optimization.
Zero Control as Integral Part of Geometrical and Graphic Disciplines’ Instruction Technique
Authors: Мельник  , Melnyk Olga , Буда  , Buda Antonina 
Published: September 2014

The interdependence between diagnostic function of
first year students’ zero level knowledge control in geometry and
technical drawing and instruction technique in geometrical and
graphic academic profile is considered in this work. Methodical
procedures and developments for traditional learning system adaptation
to existing level of students training are offered by: using
of learning tests connecting the basic geometric knowledge with
teaching materials; graphical tasks’ full spectrum content personification;
using of specific E-learning courses oriented to full-time
students.