bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of cost effective soya extended whey incorporated chicken meat nuggets
Authors: Singh Veer Pal , Pathak Vikas , Nayak Narendra Kumar , Bharti Sanjay Kumar 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– This purpose of this paper was to conduct a study with an aim to reduce the cost of chicken nuggets by replacing part of lean meat with soy flakes. The suitability of chilled paneer whey was also assessed in place of ice water.

Design/methodology/approach
– In the development of chicken nuggets, water-soaked soya flakes at the rate of 20 per cent were used in the formulation. The chilled whey at the rate of 8 per cent of the formulation was used to prevent the rise of temperature during emulsion preparation.

Findings
– The product prepared in this way gave 5 per cent more yield than normal preparation in which ice water was used. The protein content in the preparation had gone significantly (p < 0.05) higher and moisture significantly (p < 0.05) lower than the normal control. The other proximate composition of chicken nuggets like fat and ash revealed no significant (p > 0.05) change in the product. Initially, thiobarbituric acid value and pH were observed lower in soya flakes-extended nuggets than the control. The overall acceptability was higher, that might be due to good binding and proper emulsion preparations.

Research limitations/implications
– Some experiments on amino acid profile and fatty acid profile are also required for further know-how about the actual nutritional status of chicken meat nuggets.

Practical implications
– The products will be of immense value for the nutritional supplement and utilization of by-products like whey. It may also be a cost-effective formulation.

Social implications
– The products will be acceptable to all commodities because it is made up of chicken meat.

Originality/value
– The cost of the formulation was also lower than the chicken nuggets used without soya flakes and whey because cost of meat was greater than the soya. The whey produced in paneer production costs less or by-product rich in protein materials can be better utilized into valuable products. The developed product seems to have great applications in the food industry and acceptability among consumers.
Compartmentalized and contrasted response of ectomycorrhizal and soil fungal communities of Scots pine forests along elevation gradients in France and Spain
Authors: Rincón Ana , Santamaría‐Pérez Blanca , Rabasa Sonia G. , Coince Aurore , Marçais Benoit , Buée Marc 
Published: May 2015

SummaryFungi are principal actors of forest soils implied in many ecosystem services and the mediation of tree's responses. Forecasting fungal responses to environmental changes is necessary for maintaining forest productivity, although our partial understanding of how abiotic and biotic factors affect fungal communities is restricting the predictions. We examined fungal communities of Pinus sylvestris along elevation gradients to check potential responses to climate change‐associated factors. Fungi of roots and soils were analysed at a regional scale, by using a high‐throughput sequencing approach. Overall soil fungal richness increased with pH, whereas it did not vary with climate. However, when representative sub‐assemblages, i.e. Ascomycetes/Basidiomycetes, and families were analysed, they differentially answered to climatic and edaphic variables. This response was dependent on where they settled, i.e. soil versus roots, and/or on their lifestyle, i.e. mycorrhizal or not, suggesting different potential functional weights within the community. Our results revealed a highly compartmentalized and contrasted response of fungal communities in forest soils. The different response of fungal sub‐assemblages indicated a range of possible selective direct and indirect (i.e. via host) impacts of climatic variations on these communities, of unknown functional consequences, that helps in understanding potential fungal responses under future global change scenarios.
The Guianese population of the fire ant Solenopsis saevissima is unicolonial
Authors: Lenoir Alain , Devers Séverine , Touchard Axel , Dejean Alain 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn this study, conducted in French Guiana, a part of the native range of the fire ant Solenopsis saevissima, we compared the cuticular hydrocarbon profiles of media workers with previous results based on intraspecific aggressiveness tests. We noted a strong congruence between the two studies permitting us to delimit 2 supercolonies extending over large distances (up to 54 km), a phenomenon known as unicoloniality. Solenopsis geminata workers, taken as an out‐group for cluster analyses, have a very different cuticular hydrocarbon profile. Because S. saevissima has been reported outside its native range, our conclusion is that this species has the potential to become invasive because unicoloniality (i.e., the main attribute for ants to become invasive) was shown at least for the Guianese population.
Functionality of insect‐cell‐derived colorectal cancer vaccine candidate protein EpCAM‐Fc in human dendritic cells
Authors: Park Yo Seph , Lee Jeong‐Hwan , Park Jin‐Yeon , Hwang Han Sung , Zenke Martin , Han Dong Wook , Kang Young Sun , Ko Kisung , Ko Kinarm 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe baculovirus–insect cell expression system is widely used to produce recombinant proteins for various biomedical applications. Our previous study demonstrated that EpCAM, a colorectal cancer vaccine candidate protein, can be expressed in the baculovirus–insect cell expression system. However, its functionality (the ability to elicit an immune response), which is important for its possible use as a colorectal cancer vaccine for immunotherapy, still needed to be confirmed. In this study, we examined the ability of recombinant EpCAM to induce maturation of immature dendritic cells (DCs) derived from CD34+ cells isolated from human umbilical cord blood. We demonstrated that EpCAM induces the expression of four DC maturation markers: CD80, CD83, CD86 and MHC II. These results suggest that EpCAM produced in the baculovirus–insect cell expression system is functional in terms of its ability to trigger maturation of human DCs.
Evaluation of Yogurt Microstructure Using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy and Image Analysis
Authors: Skytte Jacob L. , Ghita Ovidiu , Whelan Paul F. , Andersen Ulf , Møller Flemming , Dahl Anders B. , Larsen Rasmus 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe microstructure of protein networks in yogurts defines important physical properties of the yogurt and hereby partly its quality. Imaging this protein network using confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) has shown good results, and CSLM has become a standard measuring technique for fermented dairy products. When studying such networks, hundreds of images can be obtained, and here image analysis methods are essential for using the images in statistical analysis. Previously, methods including gray level co‐occurrence matrix analysis and fractal analysis have been used with success. However, a range of other image texture characterization methods exists. These methods describe an image by a frequency distribution of predefined image features (denoted textons). Our contribution is an investigation of the choice of image analysis methods by performing a comparative study of 7 major approaches to image texture description. Here, CSLM images from a yogurt fermentation study are investigated, where production factors including fat content, protein content, heat treatment, and incubation temperature are varied. The descriptors are evaluated through nearest neighbor classification, variance analysis, and cluster analysis. Our investigation suggests that the texton‐based descriptors provide a fuller description of the images compared to gray‐level co‐occurrence matrix descriptors and fractal analysis, while still being as applicable and in some cases as easy to tune.
Value of microwave ablation in treatment of large lesions of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Medhat Eman , Abdel Aziz Ashraf , Nabeel Mohammed , Elbaz Tamer , Zakaria Zeinab , Shousha Hend , Amer Ayman , Fouad Fathalah Waleed , Maher Rabab , Musa Shereif 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveThermal ablative therapies continue to be favored as a safe and effective treatment for patients with non‐resectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Percutaneous microwave ablative therapy, which is a relatively new technique, has the advantage in providing faster ablation of large tumors. This study aimed to evaluate microwave ablation in the treatment of large HCC (5–7 cm) and to assess its effect on local tumor progression, prognostic outcome and patients' survival.MethodsIn all, 26 patients with large HCC lesions (5–7 cm) were managed in the multidisciplinary clinic of Kasr Al Ainy University hospital using microwave ablation. The treatment was performed with the patient under conscious sedation and analgesia and ultrasonography‐guided using an HS AMICA microwave machine operating at frequency of 2450 MHz and a power up to 100 W. Multiple needle insertions were made in one or two sessions according to the size of the lesion. The complete ablation rate, local tumor progression and patients' overall survival were analyzed, and the efficacy and safety of MWA was evaluated.ResultsComplete ablation was achieved in 19/26 (73.1%). Local tumor progression was recorded in five treated lesions (19.2%). Distant tumor progression within the liver was recorded in six patients (23.1%), with a mean survival of 21.5 months. No procedure‐related major complications or deaths were observed.ConclusionsPercutaneous microwave ablation is safe and effective in the treatment of large HCC tumors. Patients' survival and local tumor control were acceptable.
CCL2, CXCL8, CXCL9 and CXCL10 serum levels increase with age but are not altered by treatment with hydroxychloroquine in patients with osteoarthritis of the knees
Authors: Bonfante Herval de Lacerda , Almeida Caroline de Souza , Abramo Clarice , Grunewald Sabrine Teixeira Ferraz , Levy Roger Abramino , Teixeira Henrique Couto 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAimOsteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of morbidity and incapacity in the elderly. This study evaluates serum levels of the chemokines CCL2, CXCL8, CXCL9, and CXCL10 in 16 patients with primary OA of the knees, and investigates how treatment with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) for 4 months affects these chemokine levels.MethodThirteen elderly patients received a placebo. Healthy control groups consisted of 10 elderly individuals (age > 60 years) with no clinical or radiological evidence of OA (CT‐O), and 10 young adult individuals, (CT‐Y group, age < 40 years).ResultsThe CT‐Y group presented lower levels of all chemokines studied, in comparison to the other groups. HCQ treatment did not alter the serum levels of CCL2 (P = 0.80), CXCL8 (P = 0.76), CXCL9 (P = 0.95) and CXCL10 (P = 0.74) in OA patients.ConclusionHydroxychloroquine treatment did not alter the serum levels of CCL2, CXCL8, CXCL9 or CXCL10 in patients with OA of the knees, although increased serum levels correlated with aging for all subjects, including controls.
The impact of medical errors on Swiss anaesthesiologists: a cross‐sectional survey
Authors: McLennan S. R. , Engel‐Glatter S. , Meyer A. H. , Schwappach D. L. B. , Scheidegger D. H. , Elger B. S. 
Published: May 2015

BackgroundClinicians involved in medical errors can experience significant distress. This study aims to examine (1) how medical errors impact anaesthesiologists in key work and life domains; (2) anaesthesiologists' attitudes regarding support after errors; (3) and which anaesthesiologists are most affected by errors.MethodsThis study is a mailed cross‐sectional survey completed by 281 of the 542 clinically active anaesthesiologists (52% response rate) working at Switzerland's five university hospitals between July 2012 and April 2013.ResultsRespondents reported that errors had negatively affected anxiety about future errors (51%), confidence in their ability as a doctor (45%), ability to sleep (36%), job satisfaction (32%), and professional reputation (9%). Respondents' lives were more likely to be affected as error severity increased. Ninety per cent of respondents disagreed that hospitals adequately support them in coping with the stress associated with medical errors. Nearly all of the respondents (92%) reported being interested in psychological counselling after a serious error, but many identified barriers to seeking counselling. However, there were significant differences between departments regarding error‐related stress levels and attitudes about error‐related support. Respondents were more likely to experience certain distress if they were female, older, had previously been involved in a serious error, and were dissatisfied with their last error disclosure.ConclusionMedical errors, even minor errors and near misses, can have a serious effect on clinicians. Health‐care organisations need to do more to support clinicians in coping with the stress associated with medical errors.
Trajectories of marijuana use from adolescence to adulthood predicting unemployment in the mid 30s
Authors: Lee Jung Yeon , Brook Judith S. , Finch Stephen J. , Brook David W. 
Published: May 2015

Background and ObjectivesUnemployment (5.5% as of 2015) is a serious social and economic problem in our society. Since marijuana use is an important factor related to unemployment, identifying the trajectory of the use of marijuana may aid intervention programs and research on unemployment.MethodsSix hundred seventy‐four participants (53% African‐Americans, 47% Puerto Ricans) were surveyed (60% females) from ages 14 to 36. The first data collection was held when the participants were students attending schools in the East Harlem area of New York City.ResultsWe found that the chronic marijuana use (OR = 4.07, p < .001; AOR = 2.58, p < .05) and the late marijuana quitter (OR = 2.91, p < .05) trajectory groups were associated with an increased likelihood of unemployment compared with the no marijuana use trajectory group.Conclusions and Scientific SignificanceThe results suggest that those who use marijuana chronically are at greater risk for being unemployed. Consequently, these individuals should have access to and participate in marijuana cessation treatment programs in order to reduce their risk of unemployment. Unemployment intervention programs should also consider focusing on the cessation of the use of marijuana to decrease the likelihood of later unemployment. (Am J Addict 2015;24:452 –459)
Decreased levels of autoantibodies against apolipoprotein B-100 antigens are associated with cardiovascular disease in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Svenungsson Elisabet , Engelbertsen Daniel , Wigren Maria , Gustafsson Johanna T , Gunnarsson Iva , Elvin Kerstin , Jensen-Urstad Kerstin , Fredrikson Gunilla Nordin , Nilsson Jan 
Published: May 2015

Summary
Increased production of autoantibodies is a characteristic feature of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and there is evidence that several of these autoantibodies may contribute to increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) in SLE. Autoantibodies against the apolipoprotein (apo) B-100 peptides p45 and p210 have been associated with a lower CVD risk in non-SLE cohorts. The aim of the present study was to investigate how SLE affects the occurrence of these potentially protective autoantibodies. The study cohort consisted of 434 SLE patients and 322 age- and sex-matched population controls. Antibodies against native and malondialdehyde (MDA)-modified p45 and p210 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). SLE patients had significantly lower levels of p210 immunoglobulin (Ig)G and p45 IgM (both the native and malondialdehyde (MDA)-modified forms). SLE patients with manifest CVD (myocardial infarction, ischaemic cerebrovascular disease or peripheral vascular disease) had lower levels p210 IgG and p45 IgM than SLE patients without CVD. Decreased levels of these autoantibodies were also observed in SLE patients with permanent organ damage, as assessed by the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology (ACR) Damage Index (SDI). The present findings show that patients with SLE, a condition generally characterized by abundance of autoantibodies of multiple specificities, have reduced levels of antibodies against the apo B-100 antigens p45 and p210 and that the levels of these antibodies are reduced further in SLE patients with CVD. These observations suggest the possibility that an impaired antibody-mediated removal of damaged LDL particles may contribute to the development of vascular complications and organ damage in SLE.
GROWTH OPPORTUNITIES, STRATEGIC SAVINGS, AND THE DOT‐COM BOOM AND BUST
Authors: Arnold Nathaniel , Dagher Jihad C. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractData from the dot‐com boom‐bust episode suggest that growth opportunities played an important role in explaining firms' financing strategy during this understudied episode. The low leverage of this sector was mainly driven by high growth firms which increased their leverage following the crash despite suffering a much larger fall in their market value. We present a parsimonious dynamic firm financing model where growth opportunities alone can generate the heterogeneous patterns in the financing and performance between high and low growth information technology firms prior to and following the market crash. The calibrated model also sheds light on the role played by monetary policy during that episode. (JEL G32, E22, E5)
Canine status epilepticus treated with fosphenytoin: A proof of principle study
Authors: Patterson Edward E. , Leppik Ilo E. , Coles Lisa D. , Podell Michael , Vite Charles H. , Bush William , Cloyd James C. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryObjectivesThere are a limited number of marketed intravenous antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) available to treat status epilepticus (SE). All were first developed for chronic therapy of epilepsy, not specifically for SE. Epilepsy and canine SE (CSE) occur naturally in dogs, with prevalence, presentation, and percentage of refractory cases similar to human epilepsy. The objective of this study was to determine if CSE treated with fosphenytoin (FOS) results in a similar responder rate as for people.MethodsA randomized clinical trial was performed for dogs with CSE. Dogs who presented during a seizure or who had additional seizures after enrolling received intravenous (i.v.) benzodiazepine (BZD) followed immediately by intravenous infusion of 15 mg/kg phenytoin equivalent (PE) of fosphenytoin (FOS) or saline placebo (PBO). If seizures continued, additional AEDs were administered per the standard of care for veterinary patients. Total and unbound plasma phenytoin (PHT) concentrations were measured.ResultsConsent was obtained for 50 dogs with CSE. Thirty‐one had additional motor seizures and were randomized to the study intervention (22 FOS and 9 PBO). There was a statistically significant difference in the 12 h responder rate, with 63% in the FOS group versus 22% in the placebo group (p = 0.043) having no further seizures. The unbound PHT concentrations at 30 and 60 min were within the therapeutic concentrations for people (1–2 μg/ml) with the exception of one dog. There was mild vomiting in 36% of the FOS group (7/22) within 20 min of FOS administration and none of the placebo group (0/9) (p = 0.064).SignificanceThis proof of concept study provides the first evidence that FOS is tolerated and effective in canine SE at PHT concentrations clinically relevant for human SE. Furthermore, naturally occurring CSE can be utilized as a translational platform for future studies of novel SE compounds.
Characteristics and role in outcome prediction of continuous EEG after status epilepticus: A prospective observational cohort
Authors: Alvarez Vincent , Drislane Frank W. , Westover M. Brandon , Dworetzky Barbara A. , Lee Jong Woo 
Published: May 2015

SummaryObjectiveContinuous electroencephalography (cEEG) is important for treatment guidance in status epilepticus (SE) management, but its role in clinical outcome prediction is unclear. Our aim is to determine which cEEG features give independent outcome information after correction for clinical predictor.MethodscEEG data of 120 consecutive adult patients with SE were prospectively collected in three academic medical centers using the 2012 American Clinical Neurophysiology Society's Standardized Critical Care EEG Terminology. Association between cEEG features and two clinical outcome measures (mortality and complete recovery) was assessed.ResultsIn the first 24 h of EEG recording, 49 patients (40.8%) showed no periodic or rhythmic pattern, 45 (37.5%) had periodic discharges, 20 (16.7%) had rhythmic delta activity, and 6 (5%) had spike‐and‐wave discharges. Seizures were recorded in 68.3% of patients. After adjusting for known clinical predictive factors for mortality including the STatus Epilepticus Severity Score (STESS) and the presence of a potentially fatal etiology, the only EEG features (among rhythmic and periodic patterns, seizures, and background activity) that remained significantly associated with outcome were the absence of a posterior dominant rhythm (odds ratio [OR] 9.8; p = 0.033) for mortality and changes in stage II sleep pattern characteristics (OR 2.59 for each step up among these categories: absent, present and abnormal, present and normal; p = 0.002) for complete recovery.SignificanceAfter adjustment for relevant clinical findings, including SE severity and etiology, cEEG background information (posterior dominant rhythm and sleep patterns) is more predictive for clinical outcome after SE than are rhythmic and periodic patterns or seizures.
Driving continuity in cognitively impaired older drivers
Authors: Shimada Hiroyuki , Tsutsumimoto Kota , Lee Sangyoon , Doi Takehiko , Makizako Hyuma , Lee Songchul , Harada Kazuhiro , Hotta Ryo , Bae Seongryu , Nakakubo Sho , Uemura Kazuki , Park Hyuntae , Suzuki Takao 
Published: May 2015

AimCognitive impairment can negatively affect driving performance and increase the risk of driving errors, leading to vehicle crashes. We used a population‐based survey to identify the prevalence of cognitive impairments in older drivers.MethodsA total of 10 073 older adults were enrolled in the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology – Study of Geriatric Syndromes. We characterized general cognitive impairment using the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE). We also used the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology‐Functional Assessment Tool, which includes six tasks to assess word list memory, logical memory, attention and executive function, processing speed, and visuospatial skill.ResultsJust 15% of older women with moderate cognitive decline (MMSE ≤20) drove, whereas 61% of older men with moderate cognitive decline drove. Cognitively normal participants (MMSE score 27 and over) scored significantly better on six cognitive tests compared with those with mild (MMSE score 21–26) or moderate cognitive decline, and those in the mild cognitive decline group scored significantly better on six cognitive tests than those in the moderate cognitive decline group.ConclusionA total of 61% of older men with moderate cognitive decline did not cease driving. These older drivers showed poor cognitive performance in multiple domains compared with those with normal and mild cognitive decline. Further studies are required to clarify the relationships between cognitive decline and car crashes in these high‐risk populations. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16: 508‐514.