bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phytoremediation and Plant-Assisted Bioremediation in Soil and Treatment Wetlands: A Review
Authors: Truu Jaak , Truu Marika , Espenberg Mikk , Nõlvak Hiie , Juhanson Jaanis 
Published: July 2015

Phytoremediation is a technology that is based on the combined action of plants and their associated microbial communities to degrade, remove, transform, or immobilize toxic compounds located in soils, sediments, and more recently in polluted ground water and wastewater in treatment wetlands. Phytoremediation could be used to treat different types of contaminants including petroleum hydrocarbons, chlorinated solvents, pesticides, explosives, heavy metals and radionuclides in soil and water. The advantages of phytoremediation compared to conventional techniques are lower cost, low disruptiveness to the environment, public acceptance, and potentiality to remediate various pollutants. The use of plants in conjunction with plant associated bacteria (rhizosphere or endophytic) offers greater potential for bioremediation of organic compounds, and in some cases inorganic pollutants than using plants alone in bioremediation. The implementation of treatment wetlands for phytoremediation of wastewater or polluted water originating from various sources allows removing organic and inorganic pollutants from water in an environmentally friendly and economically feasible way.
Presently, different processes of phytoremediation in treatment wetlands are less studied compared to phytoremediation of polluted soils. Further research is needed to advance the understanding of the pollutant removal mechanisms in treatment wetlands with vegetation, and how based on this information to improve treatment wetland design and operational parameters to achieve more efficient treatment processes. This review covers basic processes of phytoremediation with special emphasis on rhizoremediation and plant-microbe interactions in plant–assisted biodegradation in soil and treatment wetlands.
Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction: A Longitudinal Study Comparison of 2 Techniques with 2 and 5-Years Follow-Up
Authors: Astur Diego C , Gouveia Gustavo B , Borges José H. de Souza , Astur Nelson , Arliani Gustavo G , Kaleka Camila C , Cohen Moises 
Published: July 2015

Background :
The purpose of this study was to compare the results of two popular surgical techniques for medial patellofemoral ligament MPFL reconstruction with a minimum of two-year follow-up.

Methods :
Fifty-eight patients with traumatic tear of the medial patellofemoral ligament were included in one of the two surgical groups. Group 1 MPFLs were reconstructed through graft endobutton fixation and Group 2 through graft anchor fixation into the patella. After two to five-year follow-up, patients were asked to answer knee function questionnaires (Fulkerson and Kujala) as well as the SF-36 life quality score.

Results :
There were no statistical difference among postoperative Kujala, Fulkerson, and SF-36 questionnaires scores between Groups 1 and 2. There were statistical significant differences favorable to patients in Group 1 with a shorter follow-up length (2-5 years) compared to those with a longer period of 5-10 years for both Kujala and Fulkerson scores and no difference for group 2.

Conclusion :
Both medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction techniques had similar results in a two to ten-year follow-up according to functions and life quality questionnaires. Furthermore, endobutton fixation for the patellar edge of the graft had better results in patients with 2 years of follow-up than those with 5 years. Gender was not significant for surgical results. Moreover, group 1 patients had higher number of complications.
L'enseignement supérieur en Russie aujourd'hui
Authors: Groppo Armelle 
Published: July 2015

Unlike the Soviet political and economic systems, the country's higher education system survived the fall of Communism, although it went through a very deep crisis, one whose impact is still being felt. This article aims to describe and explain the Russian higher education system's current complexity and to link its evolution with the country's traditional and contemporary political practices.
The survival of the education system is due to multiple factors - among them its resourcefulness and capacity to adapt, the increasing number of services offered by an endlessly rising number of establishments, the development of a private sector both opposed to and within the traditional public one. 2005 saw the publication of a « national plan » for higher education as part of the State revival scheme launched by President Putin. The measures were mainly of a financial nature, reflecting the rules of the new public management whose underlying idea is that as stronger universities emerge, weaker ones would either have to disappear or they would have to provide their own funding. Other measures, of a purely administrative nature, were issued with the same objective.
The main aim of all these measures is the creation of world-class universities. This is a key element in the foreign policy of countries considered to be « Great Powers », an exclusive club which Russia wishes to be allowed to join. Becoming an attractive country for higher education, important as it may be, is a difficult objective to achieve with Russia's own resources. Indeed, Russia has to face various obstacles - a deep-rooted demographic crisis which diminishes its human resources, the global economic crisis (coming at a time when almost 60% of students must pay tuition fees), the need to re-invigorate the teaching profession and recruit new professors in order to modernise teaching and research, and finally, general corruption and increasing and widespread xenophobia. President Medvedev has recently increased considerably the Federal State's contribution to the funding of universities not only with the idea of creating a small number of world-class higher educational institutions but also in the hope of reducing the number of students having to pay tuition fees. This is to be considered as a real turning point in the politics of the Russian State. But supplying funding will hardly overcome the above-mentioned obstacles, more particularly corruption and xenophobia. Indeed, xenophobia is a general problem in Russia, not only an academic one, and corruption is rooted in the understanding of power inherited from ancient Russia and the Soviet era. The problem for the Russian State is therefore not only how profoundly to reform the universities, but also - and primarily - how to depart from ancient traditions effectively to modernise both Russian society and its conception of power.
D'un Revizor à l'autre (petite histoire du « mal russe » à travers ses représentations scéniques)
Authors: Autant-Mathieu Marie-Christine 
Published: July 2015

From one Revizor to another : a short history of Russian evil through Revizor 's performances
Considered by Gogol as a crystallization of Russian evil, Revizor has served since 1 836 to enlighten the state of the theatre and society, both before and after the advent of stage directing. When the play was created at the Aleksandra Imperial Theatre, Gogol discovered the inadequacy of the actors of his time with the requirements of the work. The writer advocated a deeply felt, internalized style of acting. Stanislavski based his work with the actor on the principles of a natural, emotional, coherent playing and, not unexpectedly, worked on Revizor at every key moment of his career (1908, 1921, 1937). The history surrounding the performances of Revizor at the beginning of the 20th century focuses on an alternative approach : individual and inventive actors playing or innovative concepts for stage directing. In the 1970s, Revizor, as a genuine classic, charted the progress of theatrical work and expressed civic concerns. After the fall of the Soviet Union and the first blows of wild capitalism, V. Fokine, in 2002, developed the theme of madness in his version of Revizor. By 2009, Koliada's Revizor belonged to a folk repertoire with its songs, rituals and picturesque figures., After serving as a test for the history of theatre and national history, Gogol today seems to have come to the right pitch with the collective unconscious.
Post-Code PTSD Symptoms in Internal Medicine Residents Who Participate in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Events: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Kolehmainen Christine , Stahr Anne , Kaatz Anna , Brennan Meghan , Vogelman Bennett , Cook Jessica , Carnes Molly 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT

Background
Internal medicine (IM) residents participate in cardiopulmonary resuscitation events (or “codes”), stressful events that involve the death or near death of patients. Experiencing traumatic stress can lead to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Objective
We examined whether IM residents who participate in codes developed PTSD symptoms.

Methods
We conducted this research as a 2-phase, mixed methods study. In the first phase, we analyzed interview transcripts from 25 IM residents at 9 institutions for content relevant to PTSD. In the second phase, we surveyed 82 IM residents at 1 midwestern institution for symptoms reported post-code that are associated with PTSD (post-code PTSD symptoms).

Results
A total of 7 of 25 residents (28%) interviewed characterized codes as traumatic or described experiencing PTSD symptoms, including intrusive thoughts about the code, avoidance and emotional numbing, and hyperarousal, irritability, or hypervigilance. Of the 82 residents, 51 (62%) responded to the questionnaire. Of the 42 respondents who had participated in a code, 6 (14%) reported at least 1 PTSD symptom, and 3 (7%) women screened positive for potential PTSD with 2 or more PTSD symptoms. Endorsing any PTSD symptom was associated with residents' perception that code participation negatively affected their work performance.

Conclusions
Our study found that some IM residents reported symptoms of PTSD after being involved in a code.
Primary Care Residents' Knowledge, Attitudes, Self-Efficacy, and Perceived Professional Norms Regarding Obesity, Nutrition, and Physical Activity Counseling
Authors: Smith Samantha , Seeholzer Eileen L. , Gullett Heidi , Jackson Brigid , Antognoli Elizabeth , Krejci Susan A. , Flocke Susan A. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT

Background
Obesity and being overweight are both significant risk factors for multiple chronic conditions. Primary care physicians are in a position to provide health behavior counseling to the majority of US adults, yet most report insufficient training to deliver effective counseling for obesity.

Objective
To assess the degree to which residents training in adult primary care programs are prepared to provide obesity, nutrition, and physical activity (ONPA) counseling.

Methods
Senior residents (postgraduate year [PGY]-3 and PGY-4) from 25 Ohio family medicine, internal medicine, and obstetrics and gynecology programs were surveyed regarding their knowledge about obesity risks and effective counseling, as well as their attitudes, self-efficacy, and perceived professional norms toward ONPA counseling. We examined summary scores, and used regression analyses to assess associations with resident demographics and training program characteristics.

Results
A total of 219 residents participated (62% response rate). Mean ONPA counseling knowledge score was 50.8 (± 15.6) on a 0 to 100 scale. Specialty was associated with counseling self-efficacy (P &lt; .001) and perceived norms (P = .002). Residents who reported having engaged in an elective rotation emphasizing ONPA counseling had significantly higher self-efficacy and more positive attitudes and professional norms scores.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that primary care residents' knowledge of ONPA assessment and management strategies has room for improvement. Attitudes, self-efficacy, and perceived norms also are low and vary by training program characteristics. A deeper understanding of curricula associated with improved performance in these domains could inform interventions to enhance residents' ONPA counseling skills and prevent chronic disease.
Modelado de la intención emprendedora con redes bayesianas
Authors: López Jorge , Ruiz-Ruano Ana María 
Published: July 2015

El emprendimiento es considerado hoy en día como un elemento clave en las sociedades postindustriales. Desde un punto de vista psicológico, el emprendimiento puede ser entendido como un proceso actitudinal condicionado por la intención emprendedora. En este trabajo se construyeron, testearon y utilizaron tres modelos de red bayesiana destinados a clarificar las relaciones establecidas entre variables tradicionalmente asociadas al emprendimiento y la intención emprendedora. Una muestra de 254 estudiantes universitarios (73 hombres y 179 mujeres), con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y los 50 años (M = 22.47, DT = 4.11), rellenó una encuesta destinada a registrar parámetros asociados con la actitud y la intención emprendedora. Con sus respuestas se construyeron tres modelos de red bayesiana que fueron validados y utilizados para realizar predicciones sobre las variables implicadas en el análisis. Los resultados muestran que la deseabilidad percibida, la viabilidad percibida, el locus de control y la influencia familiar son las variables que más influencian la intención emprendedora en emprendedores potenciales. La influencia de estas variables sobre la intención emprendedora fue analizada considerando diferentes escenarios y las relaciones detectadas fueron discutidas con relación a planteamientos teórico-prácticos en el contexto de la potenciación de actitudes emprendedoras.
Efectividad de la visita prequirúrgica sobre la ansiedad, el dolor y el bienestar
Authors: Bagés Fortacín Cristina , Lleixà Fortuño María del Mar , Español Puig Cristina , Imbernón Casas Gloria , Munté Prunera Nuria , Vázquez Morillo Dolores 
Published: July 2015

Objetivo principal: Evaluar si la visita prequirúrgica es una herramienta eficaz para disminuir el nivel de ansiedad en el preoperatorio y el dolor postoperatorio.<br /><br />Metodología: Ensayo controlado de dos grupos aleatorios de medidas repetidas antes-después. El estudio consiste en comparar las medias de los niveles de ansiedad, dolor y bienestar en diferentes momentos del proceso quirúrgico. Para el análisis bivariante se han utilizado el test no paramétrico de U de Mann Whitney y el test de Chi Cuadrado de Paerson. Para comprobar la asociación entre las variables cuantitativas se ha utilizado la correlación Rho de Spearman.<br /><br />Resultados: El grupo intervención presenta un descenso estadísticamente significativo del nivel de ansiedad en el preoperatorio, del dolor postoperatorio y un aumento del bienestar.<br /><br />Conclusión: La visita prequirúrgica es una herramienta eficaz para disminuir la ansiedad situacional y el dolor postoperatorio.<br /><br />
Lateral Ankle Stabilization Using Acellular Human Dermal Allograft Augmentation
Authors: Parks Robert M. , Parks Stephanie M. 
Published: July 2015

Background
We describe a retrospective study that uses the Broström-type surgical procedure with modifications that augment deficient and torn ligaments with acellular human dermal grafts. At the onset of this study, the most prevalent dermal graft available to us was GraftJacket (Wright Medical Technology, Arlington, Tennessee). Greater than 50% of the study participants were grafted with this product, but more recently other equally effective human dermal grafts have been used with no apparent difference.

Methods
Thirty-five lateral ankle stabilization procedures were performed in the past 6 years on 33 patients. Eight patients were considered athletes (mean age, 23 years). The balance of the study group consisted of sedentary patients (mean age, 41 years). The mean patient body mass index (calculated as the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters) was 31.

Results
All of the patients were satisfied with their results, with no recurrent instability. Two patients in this group went on to have contralateral ankle stabilization in a similar manner owing to their satisfaction. Complications included two soft-tissue infections.

Conclusions
Lateral ankle stabilization using acellular human dermal graft augmentation is a useful tool in the surgical treatment of ankle instability. This procedure offers distinct advantages over traditional methods of ankle repair and can be performed with relatively limited surgical exposure. Ease of operation, consistent results, and limited patient morbidity should allow surgeons to use this procedure independently or adjunctively to improve surgical outcomes.
Diabetes Management and Its Association with Transtibial Amputation
Authors: Yan Kun , Pogoda Terri K. 
Published: July 2015

Background
Transtibial (TTA) and transfemoral (TFA) amputations are rarely considered as distinct events when examining major lower-limb amputation outcomes. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationships among type 2 diabetes, diabetes management strategies, hemoglobin A1c levels, and other health factors related to TTA and TFA.

Methods
The retrospective medical record review included abstracting demographic and health-related data from the electronic medical records of 92 patients who received amputation-related services in a Department of Veterans Affairs hospital.

Results
Patients who controlled their diabetes with insulin (with or without other oral agents) were significantly more likely to undergo TTA (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 7.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17–49.97; P = .03) compared with patients who controlled their diabetes through noninsulin medications or by diet. Patients who underwent no previous surgery (aOR = 6.66; 95% CI, 0.89-49.72; P = .06) or partial amputation only (aOR = 15.44; 95% CI, 1.04–228.29; P = .05) compared with a combination of partial amputation and bypass, thrombolectomy, or stent procedures were marginally to statistically significantly more likely to undergo TTA than TFA.

Conclusions
The preferential association between TTA with insulin-dependent diabetes and higher hemoglobin A1c levels versus TFA with previous lower-limb bypasses, stent placement, and thrombolytic interventions distinguishes TTA and TFA as two distinct entities, and awareness of this difference may help clinicians design preventive strategies accordingly.
Projected changes of wintertime synoptic‐scale transient eddy activities in the East Asian eddy‐driven jet from CMIP5 experiments
Authors: Xiao Chuliang , Zhang Yaocun 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe wintertime East Asian eddy‐driven jet (EAEJ) responding to climate change in the 21st century is studied using model outputs from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5). Compared to the location displacement in oceanic eddy‐driven jets, the magnitude change of synoptic‐scale transient eddy activities, measured by eddy kinetic energy (EKE), is a more striking feature in EAEJ. An intensified EKE is projected unanimously by CMIP5 models, suggesting that potential strong winter storm events are likely to happen in East Asian midlatitude in a warming climate. The future change of EKE in EAEJ can be understood in terms of growing baroclinicity wave. The upper level EKE is highly correlated to the low‐level static stability, Brunt‐Väisälä frequency (BVF). CMIP5 models generally project an intensified upper evel EKE with a reduced low‐level BVF (ΔEKE ∝ −ΔBVF). Meanwhile, the enhancement of EKE is also constrained by its historical state (ΔEKE ∝ −EKE). Intermodel variabilities among CMIP5 models reveal a similar but weaker relationship between ΔBVF (or EKE) and ΔEKE, indicating relatively large model diversities and independencies among CMIP5 models.
Larger aftershocks happen farther away: Nonseparability of magnitude and spatial distributions of aftershocks
Authors: van der Elst Nicholas J. , Shaw Bruce E. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAftershocks may be driven by stress concentrations left by the main shock rupture or by elastic stress transfer to adjacent fault sections or strands. Aftershocks that occur within the initial rupture may be limited in size, because the scale of the stress concentrations should be smaller than the primary rupture itself. On the other hand, aftershocks that occur on adjacent fault segments outside the primary rupture may have no such size limitation. Here we use high‐precision double‐difference relocated earthquake catalogs to demonstrate that larger aftershocks occur farther away than smaller aftershocks, when measured from the centroid of early aftershock activity—a proxy for the initial rupture. Aftershocks as large as or larger than the initiating event nucleate almost exclusively in the outer regions of the aftershock zone. This observation is interpreted as a signature of elastic rebound in the earthquake catalog and can be used to improve forecasting of large aftershocks.
The Distribution of Food Retail Prices and the Euro Changeover: Signpost Items Versus Occasional Goods
Authors: Schroeder Karen J. , Hoffmann Angela , Loy Jens‐Peter 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThe Euro changeover distorted previously well‐formed nominal price patterns. Food retailers may have reacted by adjusting prices to reintroduce psychological prices as before the Euro changeover. We employ a detailed data set of German food retail prices before and after the Euro changeover to test three different benchmarks indicating potential adjustments of prices. However, none of these benchmarks do adequately reflect the actual distribution of prices. We find that prices of signpost items follow best a conversion at the official rate. Also, signpost items show a slower price adjustment. Occasional goods’ prices indicate a reestablishment of psychological price patterns, in particular for the ending digits; price distributions are adjusted faster. Further, price inflation is about zero for both goods, but prices in particular for signpost items have been significantly raised just before the Euro changeover. These different pricing patterns may be explained by consumer behavior. Consumers react more sensitive to price changes of frequently purchased goods (signpost items), and thus, retailers convert prices at the official rate and postpone price adjustments for these items after the Euro changeover. [JEL Classifications: D40, L66, Q13].
A Control Parameterization Approach with Variable Time Nodes for Optimal Control Problems
Authors: Li Guodong , Liu Ping , Liu Xinggao 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis paper presents a novel computational approach to deal with optimal multivariable control problems using a control vector parameterization approach with multiple time grids, where each of the control variables has its own time grid of parametrization. Both the control parameters and time nodes in the grid partition are treated directly as variables to be optimized. Based on the derived relationship between the gradients of time nodes and the ones of interval lengths, the gradient formulae for parameters are presented. Compared with the existing approaches, for which all the control variables are parameterized on the same time grid, the proposed method is more general and flexible. To illustrate, two numerical cases are tested, and the results demonstrate that fewer parameters are needed to achieve the same level of optimization.