bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Temperature on the Gas/Oil Relative Permeability of Orinoco Belt Foamy Oil
Authors: Li Songyan , Li Zhaomin 
Published: March 2015

Summary
Foamy-oil flow has been successfully demonstrated in laboratory experiments and site applications. On the basis of solution-gas-drive experiments with Orinoco belt heavy oil, the effects of temperature on foamy-oil recovery and gas/oil relative permeability were investigated. Oil-recovery efficiency increases and then decreases with temperature and attains a maximum value of 20.23% at 100°C. The Johnson-Bossler-Naumann (JBN) method has been proposed to interpret relative permeability characteristics from solution-gas-drive experiments with Orinoco belt heavy oil, neglecting the effect of capillary pressure. The gas relative permeability is lower than the oil relative permeability by two to four orders of magnitude. No intersection was identified on the oil and gas relative permeability curves. Because of an increase in temperature, the oil relative permeability changes slightly, and the gas relative permeability increases. Thermal recovery at an intermediate temperature is suitable for foamy oil, whereas a significantly higher temperature can reduce foamy behavior, which appears to counteract the positive effect of viscosity reduction. The main reason for the flow characteristics of foamy oil in porous media is the low gas mobility caused by the oil components and the high viscosity. High resin and asphaltene concentrations and the high viscosity of Orinoco belt heavy oil increase the stability of bubble films and prevent gas breakthrough in the oil phase, which forms a continuous gas, compared with the solution-gas drive of light oil. The increase in the gas relative permeability with temperature is caused by higher interfacial tensions and the bubble-coalescence rate at high temperatures. The experimental results can provide theoretical support for foamy-oil production.
An Ensemble-Based Method for Constrained Reservoir Life-Cycle Optimization
Authors: Leeuwenburgh Olwijn , Egberts Paul J. , Chitu Alin G. , Alim Marcel 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
We consider the problem of finding optimal long-term (life-cycle) recovery strategies for hydrocarbon reservoirs by use of simulation models. In such problems the presence of operating constraints, such as for example a maximum rate limit for a group of wells, may strongly influence the range of possible solutions. Commercial simulators often offer the possibility to use heuristic rules to deal with constraints during simulation. It is first shown that such an approach imposes serious limitations for important cases of interest, such as finding optimal operating strategies for smart wells. We subsequently consider the use of gradient-based numerical optimization approaches, which are considered the most efficient for realistically complex reservoir cases. Formal treatment of especially output constraints in such approaches is challenging and is usually associated with high computational costs or strong simplifications. We propose and demonstrate a method that addresses these challenges by efficient use of an ensemble to approximate constraint gradients with respect to the well controls. The gradients are then used by an optimization algorithm to maximize an objective function, typically net present value, while avoiding violation of the constraints. The method was implemented in an in-house optimization framework and tested on two example cases. The first example case is a relatively simple homogeneous 2D reservoir with four injection wells and one producing well, all equipped with adjustable valves and operating at fixed pressures. We consider the presence of a maximum field water injection rate constraint, as well as individual well rate constraints. The method is also applied to a realistically complex 3D case with 30 smart wells equipped with ICVs, modified from the original Brugge benchmark model. The results show that in both example cases the method is able to find improved recovery strategies that do not violate the constraints. It is also shown that proper choices for constraint grouping, balancing of objective function and constraints, and of the initial control strategy may positively impact the efficiency and effectiveness of the optimization process. The proposed method is an improvement to constraint handling by simulators for smart well optimization and enables application of optimization workflows to field cases with realistic operating constraints.
Teachers’ Facility with Evidence-Based Classroom Management Practices: An Investigation of Teachers’ Preparation Programmes and In-service Conditions
Authors: Ficarra Laura , Quinn Kevin 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
In the present investigation, teachers’ self-reported knowledge and competency ratings for the evidence-based classroom management practices were analysed. Teachers also reflected on how they learned evidence-based classroom management practices. Results suggest that teachers working in schools that implement Positive Behavioural Interventions and Supports (PBIS) had significantly higher mean knowledge ratings in the area of posting, teaching, reviewing, monitoring and reinforcing expectations than those who do not teach in a PBIS school. Teachers certified in special education had significantly higher knowledge and competency ratings in relation to maximising structure, using a continuum of strategies to acknowledge appropriate behaviour and employing a variety of techniques to respond to inappropriate behaviour than those not certified in special education. Teachers’ knowledge of each of these practices came mostly from in-service sources. Implications of these findings for teachers’ preparation in classroom management are discussed.
The Journey towards a Teacher’s Ecological Self: A Case Study of a Student Teacher
Authors: Raus Rea , Falkenberg Thomas 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Transforming our educational systems to support sustainable development is a challenge that involves all levels of education – policy, curriculum and pedagogical practice. One critical dimension to look at is a teacher’s identity as it influences a teacher’s decision-making, behaviour and action. The ecological self is the concept that is used in the context of sustainability. This paper discusses the emerging ecological self of one student teacher during her initial teacher education programme. The concepts of the teacher’s self and the ecological self form a lens through which the story of this student teacher is examined. The paper focuses on one part of a broader, longitudinal study of student teachers and their understanding of pedagogy and connectedness with nature in the context of the need for reorienting teacher education towards sustainability. Sterling’s (2001) conceptual framework of ecological view on education is taken as a tool to analyse the collected data. The results indicate that deep connectedness to nature and empathy are framing the holistic view on learning, teaching and a teacher’s self.
Effectiveness of Total Contact Insoles in Patients with Plantar Fasciitis
Authors: Oliveira Hilda Alcântara Veiga , Jones Anamaria , Moreira Emília , Jennings Fabio , Natour Jamil 
Published: March 2015

Objective.To assess the effectiveness of total contact insoles (TCI) in patients with plantar fasciitis (PF).Methods.A double-blind randomized controlled trial was carried out with intention-to-treat analysis. Seventy-four patients were randomly allocated to use a TCI made of ethylene vinyl acetate (study group, n = 37) or a flat insole (control group, n = 37). The following assessment tools were used: visual analog scale for pain while walking and at rest, Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 (SF-36) for quality of life, Foot Function Index and Foot Health Status Questionnaire for foot function, 6-min walk test (6MWT), and baropodometer FootWalk Pro for plantar pressure analysis. The groups were evaluated by a blinded assessor at baseline and after 45, 90, and 180 days.Results.The groups were homogeneous for the majority of variables at baseline. The over-time comparisons show a statistical difference between the groups for pain while walking (p = 0.008) and the 6MWT (p = 0.010). Both groups showed significant improvements in pain at rest, foot function, and some quality of life variables (physical functioning, bodily pain, vitality, and social functioning), with no significant statistical differences between them. The baropodometer recorded no changes from the use of the insoles.Conclusion.A TCI can be used to reduce pain while walking and to increase walking distance in individuals with PF.
Prednisone in Uric Acid Lowering in Symptomatic Heart Failure Patients with Hyperuricemia — The PUSH-PATH3 Study
Authors: Meng Hong , Liu Gang , Zhai Jianlong , Zhen Yuzhi , Zhao Qingzhen , Zheng Mingqi , Ma Guoping , Wang Le , Tian Li , Ji Lishuang , Duan Linan , Li Lizhuo , Liu Kunshen , Liu Chao 
Published: March 2015

Objective.To determine the safety and efficacy of prednisone in patients with symptomatic heart failure (HF) and hyperuricemia.Methods.Prednisone therapy was administered for a short time to 191 symptomatic HF patients with hyperuricemia (serum uric acid > 7 mg/dl).Results.Prednisone significantly reduced serum uric acid by 2.99 mg/dl (p < 0.01) and serum creatinine by 0.17 mg/dl (p < 0.01). These favorable effects were associated with a remarkable increase in urine output, improvement in renal function, and improvement in clinical status.Conclusion.Prednisone can be used safely in symptomatic HF patients with hyperuricemia.
Les communistes espagnols : les années difficiles (1947-1956)
Authors: Buj Serge 
Published: March 2015

À travers quelques documents relatifs aux années de clandestinité du pce, en particulier à travers un certain nombre de rapports rédigés à l’occasion d’assemblées de militants, de congrès ou de conférences, nous tenterons de comprendre l’image que le parti souhaitait donner de lui-même, de sa force, de son organisation, de ses progrès et de son action, avec une préoccupation essentielle : exister et se renouveler. Le Parti Communiste d'Espagne ne comptait qu’un petit nombre de militants au moment de sa fondation, et il n’est devenu un parti de masses que dans des circonstances bien particulières pendant la guerre civile. Il s’est donc formé comme parti militarisé, disposant d’une maigre expérience politique et d’une organisation sans grande histoire. Le passage à la construction d’un parti démocratique ne se fera qu’à partir de la toute fin des années soixante. Entretemps, il fut soumis à l’épreuve de la clandestinité, à une intense répression, mais l’ennemi le plus féroce était le temps, le long temps de l’usure des enthousiasmes.
Estradiol Inhibits Th17 Cell Differentiation through Inhibition of RORγT Transcription by Recruiting the ERα/REA Complex to Estrogen Response Elements of the RORγT Promoter
Authors: Chen Rong-Yi , Fan Yi-Ming , Zhang Qiuyang , Liu Sen , Li Qingli , Ke Guo-Lin , Li Chen , You Zongbing 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The symptoms of vaginal candidiasis exacerbate in the second half of the menstrual cycle in premenopausal women when the serum estradiol level is elevated. Estradiol has been shown to inhibit Th17 differentiation and production of antifungal IL-17 cytokines. However, little is known about the mechanisms. In the present study, we used mouse splenocytes and found that estradiol inhibited Th17 differentiation through downregulation of Rorγt mRNA and protein expression. Estradiol activated estrogen receptor (ER)α to recruit repressor of estrogen receptor activity (REA) and form the ERα/REA complex. This complex bound to three estrogen response element (ERE) half-sites on the Rorγt promoter region to suppress Rorγt expression. Estradiol induced Rea mRNA and protein expression in mouse splenocytes. Using Rea small interfering RNA to knock down Rea expression enhanced Rorγt expression and Th17 differentiation. Alternatively, histone deacetylase 1 and 2 bound to the three ERE half-sites, independent of estradiol. Histone deacetylase inhibitor MS-275 dose- and time-dependently increased Rorγt expression and subsequently enhanced Th17 differentiation. In 15 healthy premenopausal women, high serum estradiol levels are correlated with low RORγT mRNA levels and high REA mRNA levels in the vaginal lavage. These results demonstrate that estradiol upregulates REA expression and recruits REA via ERα to the EREs on the RORγT promoter region, thus inhibiting RORγT expression and Th17 differentiation. This study suggests that the estradiol/ERα/REA axis may be a feasible target in the management of recurrent vaginal candidiasis.
Perturbed T Cell IL-7 Receptor Signaling in Chronic Chagas Disease
Authors: Albareda M. Cecilia , Perez-Mazliah Damián , Natale M. Ailén , Castro-Eiro Melisa , Alvarez María G. , Viotti Rodolfo , Bertocchi Graciela , Lococo Bruno , Tarleton Rick L. , Laucella Susana A. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that immune responses in subjects with chronic Trypanosoma cruzi infection display features common to other persistent infections with signs of T cell exhaustion. Alterations in cytokine receptor signal transduction have emerged as one of the cell-intrinsic mechanisms of T cell exhaustion. In this study, we performed an analysis of the expression of IL-7R components (CD127 and CD132) on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and evaluated IL-7–dependent signaling events in patients at different clinical stages of chronic chagasic heart disease. Subjects with no signs of cardiac disease showed a decrease in CD127+CD132+ cells and a reciprocal gain of CD127−CD132+ in CD8+ and CD4+ T cells compared with either patients exhibiting heart enlargement or uninfected controls. T. cruzi infection, in vitro, was able to stimulate the downregulation of CD127 and the upregulation of CD132 on T cells. IL-7–induced phosphorylation of STAT5 as well as Bcl-2 and CD25 expression were lower in T. cruzi–infected subjects compared with uninfected controls. The serum levels of IL-7 were also increased in chronic chagasic patients. The present study highlights perturbed IL-7/IL-7R T cell signaling through STAT5 as a potential mechanism of T cell exhaustion in chronic T. cruzi infection.
Management des communautés externes et des équipes internes : vers des frontières flexibles ?
Authors: Diviné Marc , Stal-Le Cardinal Julie 
Published: March 2015

Cet article s’attache à analyser les points communs entre l’animation de communautés de clients et la collaboration marketing interne à l’entreprise. L’étude fait apparaître 17 outils communs, une corrélation entre les deux activités et un niveau d’usage trois fois supérieur en interne. Elle met en évidence trois intentions managériales identiques en interne et externe : la valeur ajoutée, la satisfaction et l’extension des frontières, supportées par vingt-deux attitudes essentielles. Le management des frontières constitue un savoir-faire émergeant qui ouvre de nouveaux champs d’action marketing : l’intégration de certaines communautés internes et externes et l’absorption de communautés.
La città e gli orfani
Authors: Bearzot Cinzia 
Published: March 2015

The contribution traces the evolution of the Greek legislation on orphans, especially in the better-known Athenian context. It highlights the interest towards the children of citizens deprived of protection. This interest is extended, beyond the aspects referred to property (protection of the), also to the affective and human side (the conditions of theand the concern for the development of, namely that feeling of mutual goodwill and affection which can be experienced in the context of a family).
Aspetti dell’evergetismo scolastico: l’ellenismo, tempo di integrazioni
Authors: Criscuolo Lucia 
Published: March 2015

Education was in antiquity, as now, one of the main features that could mark a difference between people in the centre or at the borders of any society. During Hellenism, moreover, the problem of teaching Greek to many people whose mother language was different became a strategic and relevant issue for the most powerful monarchies, the Ptolemies, the Seleucids and the Attalids. Kings, cities and private benefactors were aware of the importance of a good education in creating strong social support and consensus, both in theand in the. Gymnasia, foundations and fiscal provisions were the instruments employed by public and private benefactors in order to provide such an important basis to implement and develop a Greek way of life. On the other hand, a cultural training could help small social groups, which were excluded because of their foreign origin, to achieve acceptance and integration in the new society.
Il ruolo sociale del «benefattore» nell’Atene del primo ellenismo
Authors: Landucci Gattinoni Franca 
Published: March 2015

In the Hellenistic period, the survival of the Greekdepended in fact on the goodwill of the various rulers, who, either directly or through their collaborators, «helped» the cities themselves, living rise to that complex social, political and economic phenomenon which is called «evergetism» and that is known to us thanks to a myriad of documentary sources, especially epigraphic. Considering the number of the Athenian inscriptions, the paper focuses on some cases, that can be dated during the second half of the IV century BC, in which Athens rewarded the «benefactors» by granting to them honors and privileges, sometimes including even the granting of citizenship. Of particular relevance is the case of the Akarnanian physician Evenor, who spent most of his life in Athens exactly in the second half of the IV century BC and who is known to us thanks to a substantial epigraphic dossier. A careful examination of the documentation let to the conclusion that he was a «friend» of the Macedonians and that the decrees in his honor were voted when the city was led by a pro-Macedonian government. This conclusion contradicts the presentof the scholars, who have always considered that the honors were decreed to Evenor when s was led by democratic anti-Macedonian governments.
Responding to the public health consequences of the Ukraine crisis: an opportunity for global health diplomacy
Authors: Mackey Tim K , Strathdee Steffanie A 
Published: March 2015

IntroductionPeace and stability in Eastern Europe is now at a crossroads with the rapidly deteriorating foreign policy crisis continuing to unfold in the Ukraine. However, largely overlooked in the context of other foreign policy and diplomatic priorities are the serious public health consequences for the region following the annexation of Crimea and the subsequent decision to ban opioid substitution therapy in the disputed territory.DiscussionOn 1 May 2014, the Republic of Crimea officially announced it would end access to opioid substitution therapy, an essential harm reduction tool recognized by international organizations and virtually all other European countries. The policy development marks a critical reversal in the region’s fight against its growing HIV epidemic and also threatens years of public health gains aimed at providing evidence‐based and integrated treatment approaches to combat drug dependence and HIV. Beyond these risks, the Ukrainian conflict could also negatively impact control of other infectious diseases that are converging with HIV and injection drug use, such as multidrug‐resistant tuberculosis and hepatitis C virus. The continuing conflict is also likely to have a significant negative impact on Ukraine’s fragile public health system leading to even worse population health outcomes than currently experienced by the country.ConclusionsIn response to this crisis, the application of global health diplomacy principles represents a possible route of advocacy to ensure that HIV prevention, humane treatment of substance using populations, and improving public health outcomes in the region are pursued among concerned international stakeholders. In order to be effective, global health diplomacy efforts must be coordinated and advocated in all forms of diplomatic engagement, including at the core, multistakeholder and informal levels and through existing channels such as the different human rights bodies of the United Nations as well as amongst other actors. Hence, the Ukraine crisis represents a critical moment for the practice and advancement of global health diplomacy in order to ensure global public health priorities are given their rightful place in foreign policy making to hopefully help in bringing resolution to the current conflict.
Erratum to: Biosurfactantes y su papel en la biorremediación de suelos contaminados con plaguicidas
Authors: De la Rosa Cruz Nuvia L. , Sánchez-Salinas Enrique , Ortiz-Hernández y Ma. Laura 
Published: March 2015

Resumen
Los biosurfactantes (BS) son un grupo de moléculas de origen microbiano que se caracterizan por ser anfipáticas, es decir que sus moléculas presentan dos partes diferentes, una hidrofóbica y otra hidrofílica. Son un grupo estructuralmente diverso de moléculas tensoactivas, que presentan en general menor toxicidad y mayor biodegradabilidad que los surfactantes sintéticos. Entre las aplicaciones más estudiadas de los BS están aquellas relacionadas con la industria del petróleo y la bioremediación de sitios o residuos contaminados con hidrocarburos. No obstante, los biosurfactantes pueden ser utilizados para otro tipo de compuestos xenobióticos, como es el caso de los plaguicidas. Estos compuestos permiten controlar la proliferación de plagas y enfermedades de los cultivos y del ganado, así como reducir o evitar las pérdidas en la producción de alimentos y contribuir al control de los vectores de diversas enfermedades. No obstante la importancia económica de los plaguicidas, es necesario destacar que su aplicación indiscriminada y sin control ha generado diversos problemas como intoxicación a seres humanos, efectos carcinogénicos, teratogénicos y mutagénicos, además de numerosos problemas ambientales como contaminación de mantos freáticos, aguas continentales y costeras; contaminación del suelo y bioacumulación en las cadenas alimentarias. Generalmente los plaguicidas son de naturaleza hidrofóbica, por lo que el uso de los BS puede ser prometedor en la remediación de sitios contaminados o en el tratamiento biotecnológico de residuos de plaguicidas.
Comparison of spaceborne measurements of sea surface salinity and colored detrital matter in the Amazon plume
Authors: Fournier S. , Chapron B. , Salisbury J. , Vandemark D. , Reul N. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractLarge rivers are key hydrologic components in oceanography, particularly regarding air‐sea and land‐sea exchanges and biogeochemistry. We enter now in a new era of Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) observing system from Space with the recent launches of the ESA Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) and the NASA Aquarius/Sac‐D missions. With these new sensors, we are now in an excellent position to revisit SSS and ocean color investigations in the tropical northwest Atlantic using multiyear remote sensing time series and concurrent in situ observations. The Amazon is the world's largest river in terms of discharge. In its plume, SSS and upper water column optical properties such as the absorption coefficient of colored detrital matter (acdm) are strongly negatively correlated (<−0.7). Local quasi‐linear relationships between SSS and acdm are derived for these plume waters over the period of 2010–2013 using new spaceborne SSS and ocean color measurements. Results allow unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution of this coupling. These relationships are then used to estimate SSS in the Amazon plume based on ocean color satellite data. This new product is validated against SMOS and in situ data and compared with previously developed SSS retrieval models. We demonstrate the potential to estimate tropical Atlantic SSS for the extended period from 1998 to 2010, prior to spaceborne SSS data collection.