bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Critical review of research on the Lower Jurassic flora of Poland
Authors: Pacyna Grzegorz 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT
The Lower Jurassic plant macrofossils of Poland are poorly known. Relatively rich sources of fossils are found in only a few outcrops in the Holy Cross Mountains. Other described plant remains come from drill cores taken from most areas of Poland, but as a rule these are single specimens. The only professional descriptions of Lower Jurassic macroflora are papers by Raciborski, Makarewiczówna, and a team of researchers consisting of Reymanówna, Barbacka, Ziaja, and Wcisło-Luraniec. Raciborski’s fossil collection is still available for research and revision. Such work is in progress. The collection described by Makarewiczówna contained many interesting specimens but unfortunately the majority of them are now missing. Stratigraphic research by geologists has provided some new specimens from drill cores and outcrops in the Holy Cross Mountains but these have not been subjected to detailed palaeobotanical analysis. The palynology of the Lower Jurassic was focused on biostratigraphy from the outset of that research. As an outcome it provided spore-pollen and megaspore zonations for Lower Jurassic strata in Poland. The Polish Lower Jurassic flora is comprised of ferns (very numerous), lycopsids, sphenopsids, cycadaleans, bennettitaleans, gnetaleans, ginkgoaleans, and conifers. This flora is taxonomically poorer than the equally old and geographically close floras of Denmark, Sweden, and Germany. Macrofloristic data have been used by geologists as an important source of information for assessing the age of Lower Jurassic formations, particularly in the Holy Cross Mountains. Hence the need for the old collections to be taxonomically revised and for new material from outcrops and drill cores to be examined and described.
Tetraplodon angustatus (Bryopsida, Splachnaceae) in the Polish Tatra Mts
Authors: Cykowska-Marzencka Beata 
Published: January 2014

Abstract The paper gives six new records of the rare coprophilous altimontane moss species Tetraplodon angustatus (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. from the Polish Tatra Mts in the Western Carpathians. The ecology and current distribution of the species in the Tatras are described.
Two new species of Epistephium (Orchidaceae, Vanilloideae) from Colombia
Authors: Szlachetko Dariusz L. , Kolanowska Marta 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Two new species of Neotropical Orchidaceae, Epistephium epiphyticum Szlach. & Kolan. and E. cardonae Szlach. & Kolan., are described and illustrated based on Colombian material. So far the new entities are known exclusively from the type locations. Both species are placed within a key to Colombian Epistephium Kunth.
Morphological differentiation of Polygonum viviparum (Polygonaceae) in European populations
Authors: Marcysiak Katarzyna 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe variation of Polygonum viviparum L. in Europe was studied in 584 plants sampled from 14 populations at different altitudes and from different substrates in the Carpathians, Alps, Dinaric Alps, Pyrenees and Scandinavian Mts. The samples were analyzed biometrically, using 12 measured stem and inflorescence characters and 10 characters calculated from those 12. The obtained ranges of values were only slightly wider than those given in the literature. All characters significantly differed between populations and six characters were statistically significant in identifying differences between regions. Altitude, substrate and the interactions between them significantly affected the differences in characters between samples. The values of most of the measured characters were lower in samples from higher locations and on poor substrate than in those from lower localities and on rich substrate. Substrate type affected the calculated characters less but it influenced the shift between vegetative and generative reproduction. Multidimensional analyses confirmed the proximity of samples from regions either geographically close or linked via routes of postglacial migrations, despite altitude and substrate differences between them.
Pigmented euglenophytes of the genera Euglena, Euglenaria, Lepocinclis, Phacus and Monomorphina from the southeastern United States
Authors: Wołowski Konrad , Poniewozik Małgorzata , Walne Patricia L. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The biogeography and taxonomy of euglenophytes from the southeastern United States were studied in material from lakes, ponds and rivers of Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina and Tennessee. The 68 taxa found, 26 of which are new for this region, belong to the genera Euglena (26 taxa), Euglenaria (2), Lepocinclis (13), Phacus (25) and Monomorphina (2). The taxa occurred at low density, sometimes as a single specimen. Euglenophyte diversity was highest in ponds; rivers had the fewest taxa. Euglenophytes were present in most plankton samples.
On unitary Cauchy filters on topological monoids
Authors: Averbukh Boris G. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractFor Hausdorff topological monoids, the concept of a unitary
Cauchy net is a generalization of the concept of a fundamental
sequence of reals. We consider properties and applications
of such nets and of corresponding filters and prove, in
particular, that the underlying set of a given monoid, endowed
with the family of such filters, forms a Cauchy space whose
convergence structure defines a uniform topology. A commutative
monoid endowed with the corresponding uniformity is
uniform. A distant purpose of the paper is to transfer the classical
concepts of a completeness and of a completion into the
theory of topological monoids.
Clinical significance of imaging and histological characteristics of filum terminale in tethered cord syndrome
Authors: Thompson Eric M. , Strong Michael J. , Warren Garth , Woltjer Randy L. , Selden Nathan R. 
Published: January 2014

Object
The pathophysiology of tethered cord syndrome (TCS) is uncertain; however, it has been suggested that fibrous and fatty elements within the filum terminale (FT) play a role. The objective of this study was to describe the radiological and histological features of the FT in TCS and determine if there are associations between those features and clinical outcomes, complications, and urodynamics.

Methods
In this retrospective study, histological, MRI, and clinical data obtained in 293 patients with TCS who underwent FT transection were reviewed and analyzed in a multivariate analysis.

Results
The median patient age was 4.9 years (range 0.3–64.3 years). On MRI, a fatty filum was present in 65% of patients and a thickened filum (> 2 mm) was seen in 45%. Histologically, the FT contained prominent fibrous tissue in 95%, nerve twigs in 79%, adipose tissue in 59%, and vascular tissue in 36%. Histological features associated with a thickened filum on MR images were adipose tissue (OR 3.5, p < 0.001), nerve twigs (OR 2.2, p = 0.028), and vascular tissue (OR 0.5, p = 0.025). Adipose tissue was associated with a conus level below the L2–3 disc space (OR 2.3, p = 0.031) and with a fatty filum on imaging (OR 9.8, p < 0.001). Nerve twigs were associated with abnormal urodynamics (OR 10.9, p = 0.049). The only variable predictive of clinical improvement was conus level; patients with conus levels caudal to L-2 were less likely to improve postoperatively (OR 0.3, p = 0.042).

Conclusions
Fibrous tissue was ubiquitous and may be important in the pathophysiology of TCS. Nerve twigs and adipose tissue were associated with abnormal urodynamics and low-lying coni, respectively. Although the majority of patients clinically improved, patients with normal conus levels had significantly better outcomes.
Long-Term Clinical Outcomes of Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: 9-Year Experience of a Single Center from North India
Authors: Vikrant Sanjay 
Published: January 2014

Objective There is a paucity of published data on the outcome of maintenance peritoneal dialysis (PD) since the initiation of continuous ambulatory PD (CAPD) in India in 1991. The purpose of this study is to report long-term clinical outcomes of PD patients at a single center. Design Retrospective study. Setting A government-owned tertiary-care hospital in North India. Patients Patients who were initiated on CAPD between October 2002 and June 2011, and who survived and/or had more than 6 months’ follow-up on this treatment with last follow-up till December 31, 2011, were studied. Results A total of 60 patients were included in the analysis. The mean age of the patients was 60.2 ± 9.2 years. The majority (65%) of the patients lived in rural areas. A high proportion (47%) were diabetic and 62% had ≥ 2 comorbidities. Total duration on peritoneal dialysis treatment was 1,773 patient-months (148 patient-years) with a mean duration of 29.6 ± 23 patient-months and median duration of 25 patient-months (range 6 – 110 patient-months). Overall patient and technique survival at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years was 77%, 53%, 25%, 15%, and 10% respectively. Patient survival of diabetics vs non-diabetics at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years was 68% vs 84%, 54% vs 53%, 14% vs 34%, 11% vs 19%, and 11% vs 13%, respectively. The mortality in non-diabetics (16/32) was less than that in diabetic (18/28) patients (p = not significant). The main cause of mortality in these patients was cardiac followed by sepsis. There were 58 episodes of peritonitis. The rate of peritonitis was 1 episode per 30.6 patient-months or 0.39 episodes per patient-year. Furthermore, the total number of episodes of peritonitis and number of episodes of peritonitis per patient were higher in the non-survival group (p < 0.05). The incidence of tuberculosis (TB), herpes zoster (HZ) and hernias was 15%, 10% and 5% respectively. Conclusion The study reports long-term outcomes of the PD patients, the majority of whom were elderly with a high burden of comorbidities. There was a high proportion of diabetics. The survival of diabetic vs non-diabetic and elderly vs non-elderly PD patients was similar in our study. The mortality in non-diabetics was less than that in diabetic patients. TB and HZ were common causes of morbidity. Peritonitis was associated with mortality in these patients.
The Association between Arterial Stiffness and Fluid Status in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients
Authors: Kocyigit Ismail , Sipahioglu Murat Hayri , Orscelik Ozcan , Unal Aydin , Celik Ahmet , Abbas Samer R. , Zhu Fansan , Tokgoz Bulent , Dogan Ali , Oymak Oktay , Kotanko Peter , Levin Nathan W. 
Published: January 2014

Objectives In this study our aim was to evaluate the relationship between degree of fluid status and arterial stiffness measured by pulse wave velocity (PWV) in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Fluid status was determined by different methods including fluid overload measured by bioimpedance (Body Composition Monitor, BCM), calf normalized resistivity (CNR), plasma N-terminal fragment of B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and extracellular to intracellular water ratio (ECW/ICW). Methods Sixty PD patients were evaluated. They were stratified into normo- and hypervolemic groups according to their fluid overload (FO). CNR was calculated from resistance at 5 kHz using calf bioimpedance spectroscopy. Arterial stiffness was assessed by PWV. Additionally, all patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography and had levels of NT-proBNP measured. Results PWV was higher in the hypervolemic compared to normovolemic patients (9.99 ± 2.4 m/sec vs 7.48 ± 2.3 m/sec, p < 0.001). Hypervolemic patients had higher NT-proBNP levels (3065 ± 981 pg/mL vs 1095 ± 502 pg/mL, p < 0.001), a higher ratio of ECW/ICW; (0.93 ± 0.11 vs 0.81 ± 0.08, p < 0.001) and lower CNR (13.7 ± 2.4 vs 16.0 ± 3.3 W m3/kg*10−2, p = 0.005). NT-pro BNP level, ECW/ICW ratio, relative FO, and left ventricular (LV) mass index were positively and CNR negatively correlated with PWV. Relative FO and CNR independently predicted PWV in multivariate analysis adjusted for age, duration of PD, body mass index and mean arterial pressure. Conclusions Arterial stiffness is increased in fluid-overloaded PD patients. Our results indicated that fluid status is an independent predictor of PWV.
Bioimpedance Spectroscopy for the Detection of Fluid Overload in Chinese Peritoneal Dialysis Patients
Authors: Kwan Bonnie Ching-Ha , Szeto Cheuk-Chun , Chow Kai-Ming , Law Man-Ching , Cheng Mei Shan , Leung Chi-Bon , Pang Wing-Fai , Kwong Vickie Wai-Ki , Li Philip Kam-Tao 
Published: January 2014

Background Fluid overload probably contributes to the cardiovascular risk of peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. We studied the relationship between over-hydration as determined by bioimpedance spectroscopy and dialysis adequacy, nutritional status, and arterial stiffness in Chinese PD patients. Methods We studied 122 asymptomatic prevalent PD patients: bioimpedance spectroscopy, arterial pulse wave velocity, dialysis adequacy and nutritional status were determined. Results Of the 122 patients, 88 (72.1%) had over-hydration of ≥ 1 L, while 25 (20.5%) were ≥ 5 L. Over-hydration significantly correlated with total body water (r = 0.474, p < 0.001) and extracellular water (r = 0.755, p < 0.001). Over-hydration was more severe in male and diabetic patients, and significantly correlated with Charlson's comorbidity score, blood pressure, body mass index, body weight, peritoneal transport characteristics, and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity. Over-hydration significantly correlated with Kt/V (r = -0.287, p = 0.016), serum albumin level (r = -0.465, p < 0.001) and malnutrition inflammation score (r = 0.410, p = 0.006), but not residual renal function. Conclusion Over-hydration is common in asymptomatic Chinese PD patients. The degree of over-hydration is particularly pronounced in patients who are inadequately dialyzed, have multiple comorbid conditions and low serum albumin levels. Over-hydration is associated with high blood pressure and arterial stiffness, and may contribute to the excessive risk of cardiovascular disease in this group of patients.
How a large biotechnology company teamed with a translation service provider to define best practices
Authors: Coombs Jeremy 
Published: January 2014

According to the World Intellectual Property Organization, nearly 100,000 pharmaceutical and biotechnology patent applications are filed each year around the world, and the trend is increasing. These companies have very little room for error in the work they conduct each day. As a result, the translations of these patent applications need to be completely accurate, which requires a translation service provider who follows best practices. These best practices include centralized processes, highly specialized teams, quality control, terminology management and advanced technologies.By following them, they will ultimately reduce office actions and litigation risks, as well as decrease time to grant.Â This case study will highlight how a large biotechnology company worked with their translation service provider to develop a series of best practices for the translations of their intellectual property, focused primarily on their patent applications. Readers will come away with an understanding of how their multinational enterprises can leverage these best practices to get improved quality, reduced time to grant and more filings for the budget.Â
Retrieval of tropical cyclone statistics with a high‐resolution coupled model and data
Authors: Zhang S. , Zhao M. , Lin S.‐J. , Yang X. , Anderson W. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWhen observations are assimilated into a high‐resolution coupled model, a traditional scheme that preferably projects observations to correct large‐scale background tends to filter out small‐scale cyclones. Here we separately process the large‐scale background and the small‐scale perturbations with low‐resolution observations for reconstructing historical cyclone statistics in a cyclone‐permitting model. We show that by maintaining the interactions between small‐scale perturbations and successively corrected large‐scale background, a model can successfully retrieve the observed cyclone statistics that in return improve estimated ocean states. The improved ocean initial conditions together with the continuous interactions of cyclones and background flows are expected to reduce model forecast errors. Combined with convection‐permitting cyclone initialization, the new high‐resolution model initialization along with the progressively advanced coupled models should contribute significantly to the ongoing research on seamless weather‐climate predictions.
The hysteretic evapotranspiration—Vapor pressure deficit relation
Authors: Zhang Quan , Manzoni Stefano , Katul Gabriel , Porporato Amilcare , Yang Dawen 
Published: January 2014

AbstractDiurnal hysteresis between evapotranspiration (ET) and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) was reported in many ecosystems, but justification for its onset and magnitude remains incomplete with biotic and abiotic factors invoked as possible explanations. To place these explanations within a holistic framework, the occurrence of hysteresis was theoretically assessed along a hierarchy of model systems where both abiotic and biotic components are sequentially added. Lysimeter evaporation (E) measurements and model calculations using the Penman equation were used to investigate the effect of the time lag between net radiation and VPD on the hysteresis in the absence of any biotic effects. Modulations from biotic effects on the ET‐VPD hysteresis were then added using soil‐plant‐atmosphere models of different complexities applied to a grassland ecosystem. The results suggest that the hysteresis magnitude depends on the radiation‐VPD lag, while the plant and soil water potentials are both key factors modulating the hysteretic ET‐VPD relation as soil moisture declines. In particular, larger hysteresis magnitude is achieved at less negative leaf water potential, root water potential, and soil water potential. While plant hydraulic capacitance affects the leaf water potential‐ET relation, it has negligible effects on the ET‐VPD hysteresis. Therefore, the genesis and magnitude of the ET‐VPD hysteresis are controlled directly by both abiotic factors such as soil water availability, biotic factors (leaf and root water potentials, which in turn depend on soil moisture), and the time lag between radiation and VPD.
Wachstumsinduziertes Biegen und Verwinden von Einkristallen
Authors: Shtukenberg Alexander G. , Punin Yurii O. , Gujral Ankit , Kahr Bart 
Published: January 2014

AbstractKristalle von verschiedenen Stoffen, z. B. von Elementen, Mineralien, einfachen Salzen, organischen Molekülkristallen und hochmolekularen Polymeren, können die Translationsfernordnung aufgeben, indem sie sich während des Wachstums verwinden und verbiegen. Diese Erscheinungen wurden bei Kristallen im Größenbereich von Nano‐ bis Zentimetern beobachtet. Wir analysieren, wie und warum viele Materialien solche oft drastischen nichtkristallographischen Verzerrungen wählen und betonen dabei die Kristallchemie, die zu Spannungen an Oberflächen von Kristalliten oder innerhalb des Volumens führt.
Genetic structure and diversity of the endangered bath sponge Spongia lamella
Authors: Pérez‐Portela Rocío , Noyer Charlotte , Becerro Mikel A. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Natural populations of Mediterranean commercial sponges have declined substantially over recent decades.
The present study explored the distribution of genetic diversity of the endangered bath sponge Spongia lamella along the western Mediterranean and the Portuguese coast.
Seven microsatellite markers were used to genotype 231 individuals scattered over nine populations. Basic genetic descriptors and population genetic analyses based on FST test, analyses of the molecular variance (AMOVA), Bayesian clustering, dissimilarity analysis of principal components, and demographic analyses were performed.
Genetic differentiation between populations was large and highly significant (global FST = 0.236, P < 0.001). AMOVA and Bayesian analyses showed genetic differentiation among the Atlantic, Balearic, and North Mediterranean areas (FCT = 0.129, P = 0.003).
Restricted gene flow owing to short‐distance larval dispersal and hydrographical barriers may be playing an important role in genetic differentiation.
Recent bottlenecks were also detected for most populations of this sponge.
The high levels of inbreeding, sub‐structuring, and modest levels of genetic diversity that characterized populations of S. lamella (mean value of genetic diversity 0.512), may compromise its long‐term survival. Only one population, from the Gibraltar Strait, presented high levels of genetic diversity (Ceuta, genetic diversity = 0.657), indicating a hotspot of genetic diversity for this species with special relevance for its conservation.
Disease outbreaks and overexploitation may be the most important causes of genetic diversity impoverishment of S. lamella.
Future conservation guidelines should focus on preserving genetic diversity within genetically impoverished populations by limiting exploitation, and increasing population size. Transplanting specimens from areas with high values of genetic diversity to areas with low diversity values or to areas that have recently experienced demographic declines could reverse the local and global recession of this species. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimentelle Untersuchungen zum Auszugsverhalten von Stahlfasern in höherfesten Betonen
Authors: Breitenbücher Rolf , Song Fanbing 
Published: January 2014

AbstractStahlfaserbetone finden verstärkt auch in konstruktiven Betonbauteilen Eingang. Ein Beispiel sind Tübbinge für den Tunnelausbau, wobei hier die Besonderheit hinzukommt, dass dafür meist Betone mit Festigkeiten in der Größenordnung von 70 bis 90 N/mm2 verwendet werden. Damit weisen diese Betone ein vergleichsweises sprödes Verhalten mit geringer Bruchzähigkeit auf, sodass es des Öfteren zu Schädigungen in Form von Rissbildung und Abplatzung im Eck‐ oder Kantenbereich kommt. Die Zugabe von Stahlfasern kann hier erheblich zur Verbesserung der Duktilität beitragen. Dabei ist von wesentlicher Bedeutung, inwieweit die Stahlfaser im gerissenen Zustand des Betons Zugkräfte über den Riss hinweg übertragen kann bzw. inwieweit sie aus der Matrix ausgezogen wird.Um das charakteristische Verbundverhalten zwischen Stahlfaser und Beton genau zu untersuchen, wurden Auszugsversuche an Einzelfasern durchgeführt, die in höherfesten Betonen eingebettet waren. Gezielt wurden dabei Stahlfasern bezüglich Form, Geometrie, Festigkeit und Oberflächenbeschaffenheit sowie Einbettungswinkel und Einbindelänge variiert. Basierend auf den experimentellen Ergebnissen wurden die Auswirkungen dieser Parameter auf das Auszugsverhalten von Stahlfasern im Hinblick auf das Kraft‐Verschiebungs‐Verhältnis, die Arbeit beim Ausziehen und den Ausnutzungsgrad der Faserzugfestigkeit sowie die Versagensbilder von Faser und Beton analysiert und diskutiert.Experimental investigation of the pullout behavior of steel fibers in high‐strength concreteSteel‐fiber‐reinforced concretes are used more and more also in structural concrete elements. Examples for these are among others tunnel lining segments. In this case there is a specific characteristic, that concretes for such elements usually have a compressive strength between 70 and 90 N/mm2. These concretes are very brittle with only low fracture toughness, so that damages in form of cracking and spalling often occur in the periphery of the segments. By the addition of steel fibers the ductility of the concrete can be considerably improved. The primary question is, to which extend the stresses can be transferred in concrete cracks by the fibers bridging these cracks.To investigate the bonding behavior between steel fiber and concrete matrix, single fiber pullout tests were performed in high‐strength concrete matrix. Various parameters such as fiber shape, geometry, tensile strength, surface properties, inclination angle and embedment length were investigated. Based on the experimental results, the effect of those parameters on pullout force versus slip relationship, pullout work, fiber utilization and fiber/matrix failure mode were analyzed and discussed.