bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TLR2 Modulates Antibodies Required for Intestinal Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Damage and Inflammation
Authors: Pope Michael R. , Fleming Sherry D. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
In multiple clinical conditions, including trauma and hemorrhage, reperfusion magnifies ischemic tissue damage. Ischemia induces expression of multiple neoantigens, including lipid alterations that are recognized by the serum protein, β2-glycoprotein I (β2-GPI). During reperfusion, binding of β2-GPI by naturally occurring Abs results in an excessive inflammatory response that may lead to death. As β2-GPI is critical for intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (IR)-induced tissue damage and TLR2 is one of the proposed receptors for β2-GPI, we hypothesized that IR-induced intestinal damage and inflammation require TLR2. Using TLR2−/− mice, we demonstrate that TLR2 is required for IR-induced mucosal damage, as well as complement activation and proinflammatory cytokine production. In response to IR, TLR2−/− mice have increased serum β2-GPI compared with wild-type mice, but β2-GPI is not deposited on ischemic intestinal tissue. In addition, TLR2−/− mice also did not express other novel Ags, suggesting a sequential response. Unlike other TLRs, TLR2−/− mice lacked the appropriate Ab repertoire to induce intestinal IR tissue damage or inflammation. Together, these data suggest that, in addition to the inflammatory response, IR-induced injury requires TLR2 for naturally occurring Ab production.
Chronic Morphine-Induced MicroRNA-124 Promotes Microglial Immunosuppression by Modulating P65 and TRAF6
Authors: Qiu Shuwei , Feng Yimin , LeSage Gene , Zhang Ying , Stuart Charles , He Lei , Li Yi , Caudle Yi , Peng Ying , Yin Deling 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Opioids have been widely applied in clinics as one of the most potent pain relievers for centuries, but their abuse has deleterious physiological effects including immunosuppression. However, the mechanisms are unclear. TLRs and acetylcholine are widely expressed in the immune and nervous systems, and play critical roles in immune responses. In this article, we show that morphine suppresses the innate immunity in microglia and bone marrow–derived macrophages through differential regulation of TLRs and acetylcholinesterase. Either morphine or inhibition of acetylcholine significantly promotes upregulation of microRNA-124 (miR-124) in microglia, bone marrow–derived macrophages, and the mouse brain, where miR-124 mediates morphine inhibition of the innate immunity by directly targeting a subunit of NF-κB p65 and TNFR-associated factor 6 (TRAF6). Furthermore, transcription factors AP-1 and CREB inhibited miR-124, whereas p65 bound directly to promoters of miR-124, thereby enhancing miR-124 transcription. Moreover, acute morphine treatment transiently upregulated the expression of p65 and phospho-p65 in both nucleus and cytoplasm priming the expression of miR-124, whereas long exposure of morphine maintained miR-124 expression, which inhibited p65- and TRAF6-dependent TLR signaling. These data suggest that modulation of miRs is capable of preventing opioid-induced damage to microglia.
Cutting Edge: Critical Role for C5aRs in the Development of Septic Lymphopenia in Mice
Authors: Grailer Jamison J. , Fattahi Fatemeh , Dick Rachel S. , Zetoune Firas S. , Ward Peter A. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
In the early stages of sepsis, lymphocytes undergo apoptosis, resulting in lymphopenia and immunosuppression. The trigger for septic lymphopenia is unknown. Using the polymicrobial model of murine sepsis, we investigated the role of C5a receptors in septic lymphopenia. In wild-type mice, cecal ligation and puncture resulted in splenocyte apoptosis and significant lymphopenia after 3 d, which was not observed in C5aR1−/− or C5aR2−/− mice. Our data show that mouse neutrophils exposed to recombinant mouse C5a cause release of histones in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. Histone levels in spleen were significantly elevated following cecal ligation and puncture but were reduced by the absence of C5aR1. Histones induced significant lymphocyte apoptosis in vitro. Ab-mediated neutralization of histones prevented the development of lymphopenia in sepsis. Together, these results describe a new pathway of septic lymphopenia involving complement and extracellular histones. Targeting of this pathway may have therapeutic benefit for patients with sepsis or other serious illness.
CD8 T Cell Tolerance to a Tumor-Associated Self-Antigen Is Reversed by CD4 T Cells Engineered To Express the Same T Cell Receptor
Authors: Ghorashian Sara , Veliça Pedro , Chua Ignatius , McNicol Anne-Marie , Carpenter Ben , Holler Angelika , Nicholson Emma , Ahmadi Maryam , Zech Mathias , Xue Shao-An , Uckert Wolfgang , Morris Emma , Chakraverty Ronjon , Stauss Hans J. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Ag receptors used for cancer immunotherapy are often directed against tumor-associated Ags also expressed in normal tissues. Targeting of such Ags can result in unwanted autoimmune attack of normal tissues or induction of tolerance in therapeutic T cells. We used a murine model to study the phenotype and function of T cells redirected against the murine double minute protein 2 (MDM2), a tumor-associated Ag that shows low expression in many normal tissues. Transfer of MDM2-TCR–engineered T cells into bone marrow chimeric mice revealed that Ag recognition in hematopoietic tissues maintained T cell function, whereas presentation of MDM2 in nonhematopoietic tissues caused reduced effector function. TCR-engineered CD8+ T cells underwent rapid turnover, downmodulated CD8 expression, and lost cytotoxic function. We found that MDM2-TCR–engineered CD4+ T cells provided help and restored cytotoxic function of CD8+ T cells bearing the same TCR. Although the introduction of the CD8 coreceptor enhanced the ability of CD4+ T cells to recognize MDM2 in vitro, the improved self-antigen recognition abolished their ability to provide helper function in vivo. The data indicate that the same class I–restricted TCR responsible for Ag recognition and tolerance induction in CD8+ T cells can, in the absence of the CD8 coreceptor, elicit CD4 T cell help and partially reverse tolerance. Thus MHC class I–restricted CD4+ T cells may enhance the efficacy of therapeutic TCR-engineered CD8+ T cells and can be readily generated with the same TCR.
A Second Stimulus Required for Enhanced Antifungal Activity of Human Neutrophils in Blood Is Provided by Anaphylatoxin C5a
Authors: Hünniger Kerstin , Bieber Kristin , Martin Ronny , Lehnert Teresa , Figge Marc Thilo , Löffler Jürgen , Guo Ren-Feng , Riedemann Niels C. , Kurzai Oliver 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Polymorphonuclear neutrophilic granulocytes (PMN) as cellular components of innate immunity play a crucial role in the defense against systemic Candida albicans infection. To analyze stimuli that are required for PMN activity during C. albicans infection in a situation similar to in vivo, we used a human whole-blood infection model. In this model, PMN activation 10 min after C. albicans infection was largely dependent on the anaphylatoxin C5a. Most importantly, C5a enabled blood PMN to overcome filament-restricted recognition of C. albicans and allowed efficient elimination of nonfilamentous C. albicans cph1Δ/efg1Δ from blood. Major PMN effector mechanisms, including oxidative burst, release of secondary granule contents and initial fungal phagocytosis could be prevented by blocking C5a receptor signaling. Identical effects were achieved using a humanized Ab specifically targeting human C5a. Phagocytosis of C. albicans 10 min postinfection was mediated by C5a-dependent enhancement of CD11b surface expression on PMN, thus establishing the C5a-C5aR-CD11b axis as a major modulator of early anti-Candida immune responses in human blood. In contrast, phagocytosis of C. albicans by PMN 60 min postinfection occurred almost independently of C5a and mainly contributed to activation of phagocytically active PMN at later time points. Our results show that C5a is a critical mediator in human blood during C. albicans infection.
CD8+ T Cells Complement Antibodies in Protecting against Yellow Fever Virus
Authors: Bassi Maria R. , Kongsgaard Michael , Steffensen Maria A. , Fenger Christina , Rasmussen Michael , Skjødt Karsten , Finsen Bente , Stryhn Anette , Buus Søren , Christensen Jan P. , Thomsen Allan R. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The attenuated yellow fever (YF) vaccine (YF-17D) was developed in the 1930s, yet little is known about the protective mechanisms underlying its efficiency. In this study, we analyzed the relative contribution of cell-mediated and humoral immunity to the vaccine-induced protection in a murine model of YF-17D infection. Using different strains of knockout mice, we found that CD4+ T cells, B cells, and Abs are required for full clinical protection of vaccinated mice, whereas CD8+ T cells are dispensable for long-term survival after intracerebral challenge. However, by analyzing the immune response inside the infected CNS, we observed an accelerated T cell influx into the brain after intracerebral challenge of vaccinated mice, and this T cell recruitment correlated with improved virus control in the brain. Using mice deficient in B cells we found that, in the absence of Abs, YF vaccination can still induce some antiviral protection, and in vivo depletion of CD8+ T cells from these animals revealed a pivotal role for CD8+ T cells in controlling virus replication in the absence of a humoral response. Finally, we demonstrated that effector CD8+ T cells also contribute to viral control in the presence of circulating YF-specific Abs. To our knowledge, this is the first time that YF-specific CD8+ T cells have been demonstrated to possess antiviral activity in vivo.
Mandibular morphology and pharyngeal airway space: A cephalometric study
Authors: Mehta Siddharth , Lodha Surendra , Valiathan Ashima , Urala Arun 
Published: December 2014

Introduction
Mandibular retrognathism is considered to be the most important risk factor for upper airway obstruction.

Aim
This cross-sectional study intended to examine the relationship between craniofacial morphology and the pharyngeal airway space (PAS) in patients with mandibular retrognathism and mandibular prognathism, when compared to normal subjects. The study also analyzed the influence of mandibular morphology on pharyngeal length (PL).

Materials and Methods
The PAS was assessed in 92 females (age 15-30 years) further divided into three groups - Group 1- normal mandible (76°≤ SNB ≤82°; n = 31); Group 2-mandibular retrognathism (SNB <76°; n = 31); Group 3-Mandibular prognathism (SNB >82°; n = 30). All subjects were examined by lateral cephalometry with head position standardized using an inclinometer. Craniocervical angulation, uvula length, thickness and angulation were compared among different groups.

Results
The results showed no statistically significant difference in the pharyngeal airway between the three groups. Measurements of PL showed statistically significant higher values for retrognathic mandible group than normal and prognathic mandible group.

Conclusion
There is no significant difference between PAS between patients with mandibular retrognathism, normal mandible and mandibular prognathism. Mandibular retrognathism patients show a significantly higher uvula angulation than patients with mandibular prognathism. Craniocervical angulation showed maximum value in retrognathic mandible group followed by normal and prognathic mandible group respectively. Mean PL for retrognathic mandible patients was significantly higher than prognathic mandible patients.
La comunicación en los procesos de cambio social en América Latina: Bolivia, Argentina, Ecuador y Venezuela
Authors: Jorge Alonso Ana , De Frutos García Ruth Ainhoa , Galarza Fernández Emelina 
Published: December 2014

Presentación y metodología de la investigación. En esta investigación se han analizado cuatro casos de procesos de cambio social en América Latina, prestando especial atención a la relación entre medios, democracia y poder. Se ha elegido una muestra de países que, por sus características específicas, representan distintos modelos de democratización de la comunicación: Bolivia, Argentina, Ecuador y Venezuela. Resultados. Se han observado resultados similares entre los procesos de cambio social vinculados a la comunicación en América Latina, identificando algunas diferencias que tienen que ver con características propias de cada sistema mediático debido a la diversidad de los procesos y las estructuras socioeconómicas. Conclusiones. Los resultados del trabajo ponen de manifiesto un imaginario colectivo basado en la democratización de la comunicación y el reto de la consecución de una verdadera pluralidad de voces en los escenarios comunicacionales que favorezca un cambio social a medio y largo plazo.
Formation of NaH Molecules in the Lowest Rovibrational Level of the Ground Electronic State via Short-Range Photoassociation
Authors: Li Jinglun , Huang Yin , Xie Ting , Chai Shuo , Cong Shulin 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe formation of NaH molecules in the lowest rovibrational level of the ground electronic state is investigated using a pump-dump photoassociation (PA) scheme. In short-range region, two colliding atoms Na and H are efficiently associated into the NaH molecule in the rovibrational |0,0〉 state of the ground electronic state via the intermediately rovibrational |10,1〉 state of the excited electronic state. The changes of populations with the electric field amplitudes, frequency detunings, dump pulse duration and delay time between two laser pulses are calculated and discussed. The PA probability reaches 0.623 with a high state-selectivity.
On the Anisotropic Gaussian Velocity Closure for Inertial-Particle Laden Flows
Authors: Vié Aymeric , Doisneau François , Massot Marc 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe accurate simulation of disperse two-phase flows, where a discrete particulate condensed phase is transported by a carrier gas, is crucial for many applications; Eulerian approaches are well suited for high performance computations of such flows. However when the particles from the disperse phase have a significant inertia compared to the time scales of the flow, particle trajectory crossing (PTC) occurs i.e. the particle velocity distribution at a given location can become multi-valued. To properly account for such a phenomenon many Eulerian moment methods have been recently proposed in the literature. The resulting models hardly comply with a full set of desired criteria involving: 1- ability to reproduce the physics of PTC, at least for a given range of particle inertia, 2- well-posedness of the resulting set of PDEs on the chosen moments as well as guaranteed realizability, 3- capability of the model to be associated with a high order realizable numerical scheme for the accurate resolution of particle segregation in turbulent flows. The purpose of the present contribution is to introduce a multi-variate Anisotropic Gaussian closure for such particulate flows, in the spirit of the closure that has been suggested for out-of-equilibrium gas dynamics and which satisfies the three criteria. The novelty of the contribution is three-fold. First we derive the related moment system of conservation laws with source terms, and justify the use of such a model in the context of high Knudsen numbers, where collision operators play no role. We exhibit the main features and advantages in terms of mathematical structure and realizability. Then a second order accurate and realizable MUSCL/HLL scheme is proposed and validated. Finally the behavior of the method for the description of PTC is thoroughly investigated and its ability to account accurately for inertial particulate flow dynamics in typical configurations is assessed.
Theoretical and Numerical Modeling of Nonlinear Electromechanics with applications to Biological Active Media
Authors: Gizzi Alessio , Cherubini Christian , Filippi Simonetta , Pandolfi Anna 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe present a general theoretical framework for the formulation of the nonlinear electromechanics of polymeric and biological active media. The approach developed here is based on the additive decomposition of the Helmholtz free energy in elastic and inelastic parts and on the multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient in passive and active parts. We describe a thermodynamically sound scenario that accounts for geometric and material nonlinearities. In view of numerical applications, we specialize the general approach to a particular material model accounting for the behavior of fiber reinforced tissues. Specifically, we use the model to solve via finite elements a uniaxial electromechanical problem dynamically activated by an electrophysiological stimulus. Implications for nonlinear solid mechanics and computational electrophysiology are finally discussed.
Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of Three Single-use NiTi Instruments after Immersion in Sodium Hypochlorite
Authors: Dagna Alberto , Beltrami Riccardo , Colombo Marco , Chiesa Marco , Bianchi Stefano , Poggio Claudio 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACT
The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the cyclic fatigue resistance of three single-use nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments (One Shape, Reciproc and Wave One) after immersion in sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution over several time periods. A total of 135 One Shape, Reciproc R25 and Wave One Primary were tested. The 45 files of the same brand were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 15) and submitted to the following immersion protocol: 1 minute in 5% NaOCl at 37°C, 5 minutes in 5% NaOCl at 37°C, no immersion (as control). Cyclic fatigue test was performed rotating/reciprocating all instruments in a stainless steel curved artificial canal (60° angle of curvature and 5 mm radius). The number of cycles to fracture (NCF) was determined by measuring the time to fracture. The data were compared for differences by using 2-way analysis of variance (p < 0.05). In general, resistance to cyclic fatigue was not significantly affected by immersion in NaOCl. Reciproc R2 showed the highest cyclic fatigue resistance in all groups compared to One Shape and Wave One. Immersion in NaOCl for 1 or 5 minutes did not reduce the cyclic fatigue resistance of NiTi single-use instruments significantly. Reciproc were more resistant, but the new rotary single-use One Shape instruments showed mechanical resistance similar to NiTi files developed for reciprocating motion.

How to cite this article
Dagna A, Beltrami R, Colombo M, Chiesa M, Bianchi S, Poggio C. Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of Three Single-use NiTi Instruments after Immersion in Sodium Hypochlorite. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2014;3(2):67-72.
Smear Layer and Debris Removal Following use of WaveOne and OneShape Single-File Systems: SEM Study
Authors: Koçak Mustafa Murat , Saglam Baran Can , Türker Sevinç Aktemur 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The aim of study was to evaluate the cleaning efficacy of two single-file NiTi systems.

Materials and methods
Twenty-four mandibular premolars were selected. Two longitudinal grooves were prepared on the buccal and lingual surfaces. The roots were divided into groups (Group 1 — WaveOne, Group 2 — OneShape). The irrigation was performed using 2 ml of 5.25% NaOCl solution, 2 ml of 17% EDTA solution, and 2 ml saline. The roots were split longitudinally for SEM investigation. Serial SEM photomicrographs were taken under magnification at levels apical, middle and coronal thirds. The absence/presence of smear layer, pulpal debris and inorganic debris and the surface profile were scored.

Results
No difference was found between two instruments in terms of presence of smear layer, pulpal debris, and inorganic debris (p < 0.05). The surface scores of canals prepared with WaveOne were significantly higher.

How to cite this article
Koçak MM, Koçak S, Saglam BC, Türker SA. Smear Layer and Debris Removal Following use of WaveOne and OneShape Single-File Systems: SEM Study. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2014;3(2):77-83.
Can Enhanced Peroxides Decrease the Side Effects of Tooth Bleaching? A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Borges Boniek , Vale Mariana , Afonso Felipe , Assunção Isauremi 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTAdverse effects of tooth bleaching on dental structures remain a topic of discussion in the literature, and the search for protocols that reduce such reported adverse effects is ongoing. The goal of this systematic literature review was to determine whether the use of tooth bleaching gels with added minerals, such as fluoride, calcium, hydroxyapatite, potassium nitrate, amorphous calcium phosphate, and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate, reduced the occurrence of the main adverse effects of tooth bleaching. The electronic database search identified 16 studies that evaluated the effects of bleaching gels with added minerals on enamel hardness and/or roughness, mineral loss, post-treatment sensitivity, morphological changes, and/or cohesive enamel strength. The findings of this review suggest that the addition of minerals to bleaching gels can contribute to the reduction of most adverse effects, mainly sensitivity, without affecting treatment efficiency.How to cite this articleBorges B, Vale M, Afonso F, Assunção I. Can Enhanced Peroxides Decrease the Side Effects of Tooth Bleaching? A Systematic Review of the Literature. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2014;3(2):84-91.
Orthopedic and Esthetic Resolution of a Severe Case of Amelogenesis Imperfecta (Type I-Hypoplasic)
Authors: Pithon Matheus Melo , Pinto Hazarmavé Barreto 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACT
Amelogenesis imperfecta is a genetically transmitted tooth enamel malformation that may affect both primary and permanent dentition. It is of a hereditary nature and is limited to the tooth enamel structure, without the presence of other apparent systemic compromise. The authors’ purpose in the present article is to describe the clinical case of a patient with severe amelogenesis imperfecta treated facial orthopedics and esthetic reconstruction of the teeth. The results achieved on conclusion of treatment were the correction of the patient's maxillary atresia and improvement of dental and facial esthetics, providing the patient with greater social and psychological benefits.

How to cite this article
Pithon MM, Pinto HB, Saini R. Orthopedic and Esthetic Resolution of a Severe Case of Amelogenesis Imperfecta (Type I-Hypoplasic). Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2014;3(2):109-114.
Diode Laser: A Perfect Option for Ankyloglossia Management
Authors: Pithon Matheus Melo , Dagna Alberto , Aljuboori Mohammed Jasim 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACT
Ankyloglossia or tongue tie is a developmental anomaly of tongue characterized by an abnormally short, thick lingual frenum resulting in limitation of tongue movement. Ankyloglossia can adversely affect feeding, speech articulation, and oral hygiene maintenance. This case reports of a 22-year-old male with tongue tie who complained of difficulty in speech following which he underwent lingual frenectomy procedure with laser, without any complications. Diode lasers are compact and portable in design with efficient and reliable benefits for use in soft-tissue oral surgical procedure.

How to cite this article
Saini R, Aljuboori MJ, Dagna A, Pithon MM. Diode Laser: A Perfect Option for Ankyloglossia Management. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2014;3(2):115-116.