bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of electric field influence on the quantum wells with different boundary conditions
Authors: Olendski Oleg 
Published: March 2015

Thermodynamic properties of the one‐dimensional (1D) quantum well (QW) with miscellaneous permutations of the Dirichlet (D) and Neumann (N) boundary conditions (BCs) at its edges in the perpendicular to the surfaces electric field are calculated. For the canonical ensemble, analytical expressions involving theta functions are found for the mean energy and heat capacity for the box with no applied voltage. Pronounced maximum accompanied by the adjacent minimum of the specific heat dependence on the temperature T for the pure Neumann QW and their absence for other BCs are predicted and explained by the structure of the corresponding energy spectrum. Applied field leads to the increase of the heat capacity and formation of the new or modification of the existing extrema what is qualitatively described by the influence of the associated electric potential. A remarkable feature of the Fermi grand canonical ensemble is, at any BC combination in zero fields, a salient maximum of observed on the T axis for one particle and its absence for any other number N of corpuscles. Qualitative and quantitative explanation of this phenomenon employs the analysis of the chemical potential and its temperature dependence for different N. It is proved that critical temperature of the Bose‐Einstein (BE) condensation increases with the applied voltage for any number of particles and for any BC permutation except the ND case at small intensities what is explained again by the modification by the field of the interrelated energies. It is shown that even for the temperatures smaller than the total dipole moment may become negative for the quite moderate . For either Fermi or BE system, the influence of the electric field on the heat capacity is shown to be suppressed with N growing. Different asymptotic cases of, e.g., the small and large temperatures and low and high voltages are derived analytically and explained physically. Parallels are drawn to the similar properties of the 1D harmonic oscillator, and similarities and differences between them are discussed.
image
Viscosity model for choline chloride‐based deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Mjalli Farouq S. , Naser Jamil 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn this work, a viscosity model for choline chloride‐based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) was developed. In addition to temperature, the new model presented here considers the composition of the salt in the DES, which was not the case for all previously reported viscosity models. Two forms of the proposed model were optimized and fitted to viscosity experimental data. The developed model was tested using the experimental viscosity values for nine common choline chloride‐based DES systems of different hydrogen bond donors. The performance of the model was evaluated using three different statistical indicators, namely average relative deviation, correlation coefficient (R2) and standard deviation. In addition, a significance t‐test was also conducted on each of the fitted DES viscosity data. The statistical indicators showed a very good agreement between the model‐predicted viscosity and the experimental viscosity values for the DESs with relatively low viscosities (DES1, DES2, DES4 and DES5). For DESs with high viscosities (DES3, DES7, DES8 and DES9), the second model gave better predictions. Overall, this proposed model was capable of predicting DES viscosities for different salt compositions at different temperatures as supported by the statistical significance t‐test and other statistical indicators. © 2015 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flow‐induced solidification of high‐impact polypropylene copolymer compositions: Morphological and mechanical effects
Authors: van Drongelen Martin , Gahleitner Markus , Spoelstra Anne B. , Govaert Leon E. , Peters Gerrit W. M. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTPolypropylene‐based impact copolymers are a complex composition of matrix material, a dispersed phase and many optional modifiers. The final heterophasic morphology of such systems is influenced significantly by the processing step, adding an additional level of complexity to understanding the structure‐property relation. This topic has hardly been studied so far. The effect of thermal history and shear flow on the solidification process of three different compositions of a polypropylene‐based impact copolymer, i.e., one base material and two compounds with either high density polyethylene or ethylene‐co‐octene added, is investigated. Samples are examined using differential scanning calorimetry, extended dilatometry, transmissions electron microscopy, and finally, tensile testing. With flow, the materials show pronounced flow‐enhanced crystallization of the matrix material and deformed filler content. Compared to the base polymer, the stress–strain response of the compounded samples shows a lower yield stress and more pronounced influence of shear, reflected in the increasing strain hardening modulus. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2015,132, 42040.
Reducing the environmental load of triacetyl cellulose film production using wood pulp
Authors: Koo Chong Min , Hyun Su Jeong , Lee Jonghwi , Hong Soon Man 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTTriacetyl cellulose (TAC) films, which are currently produced mainly from cotton linter, are widely used for liquid crystalline display (LCD) applications. However, cotton linter is an expensive source of cellulose and the environmental load related with cotton cultivation is notoriously heavy. Herein, the replacement of cotton linter by wood pulp was systematically investigated to explore the possibility of TAC production using a less expensive source. The mechanical and thermal properties of TAC films made from wood (wTAC) were outstanding compared to those of TAC films made from cotton (cTAC). The optical transparency of wTAC was also excellent. While Tinuvin (a UV stabilizer) produced more isotropic structures in cTAC films, it produced more anisotropic structures in wTAC films. Overall, the optical films of wTAC showed good performance for LCD applications, comparable to that of cTAC. These results could be used to develop more environmentally friendly production methods for optical TAC films. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42146.
Cartilage T1ρ and T2 Relaxation Times in Patients With Mild‐to‐Moderate Radiographic Hip Osteoarthritis
Authors: Wyatt Cory , Kumar Deepak , Subburaj Karupppasamy , Lee Sonia , Nardo Lorenzo , Narayanan Divya , Lansdown Drew , Vail Thomas , Link Thomas M. , Souza Richard B. , Majumdar Sharmila 
Published: March 2015

ObjectiveTo analyze region‐specific T1ρ and T2 relaxation times of the hip joint cartilage in relation to presence or absence of radiographic hip osteoarthritis (OA) and presence or absence of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–detected cartilage defects.MethodsWeight‐bearing radiographs and 3T MRI studies of the hip were obtained from 84 volunteers. Based on Kellgren/Lawrence (K/L) scoring of the radiographs, 54 subjects were classified as healthy controls (K/L grade ≤1) and 30 were classified as having mild or moderate radiographic hip OA (K/L grades 2 or 3, respectively). Two‐dimensional fat‐suppressed fast spin‐echo MRI sequences were used for semiquantitative clinical scoring of cartilage defects, and a T1ρ/T2 sequence was used to quantitatively assess the cartilage matrix. The femoral and acetabular cartilage was then segmented into 8 regions and the mean T1ρ/T2 values were calculated. Differences in T1ρ and T2 relaxation times were compared between subjects with and those without radiographic hip OA, and those with and those without femoral or acetabular cartilage defects.ResultsHigher T1ρ and T2 relaxation times in the anterior superior and central regions of the acetabular cartilage were seen in individuals with radiographic hip OA and those with acetabular cartilage defects compared to their respective controls (P < 0.05). In the femoral cartilage, the differences in T1ρ and T2 were not significant for any of the comparisons. Significant differences in the T1ρ and T2 values (each P < 0.05) were found in more subregions of the cartilage and across the whole cartilage when subjects were stratified based on the presence of MRI‐detected cartilage defects than when they were stratified based on the presence of radiographic hip OA.ConclusionT1ρ and T2 relaxation parameters are sensitive to the presence of cartilage degeneration. Both parameters may therefore support MRI evidence of cartilage defects of the hip.
Improving oxidation stability of sunflower biodiesel by partial hydrogenation using a special catalyst
Authors: Korkut Özlem , Erentürk Saliha 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe aim of this study was to increase the oxidation stability of biodiesel from sunflower‐oil by partial‐hydrogenation. Activated carbon, which was obtained from viscum album L., was used as a new and effective original phase transfer catalyst during partial hydrogenation. Temperature, pressure, and catalyst/biodiesel ratios were selected as the experimental parameters and their effects on the oxidation stability were investigated by using the 23 factorial design. A first‐order model was obtained using analysis of variance. The physical properties such as density, viscosity, pour point, and cloud point of sunflower biodiesel samples were determined using the standard methods. The oxidative stability (induction period, IP) values were found experimentally by the Rancimat method and cis and trans‐configurations of the biodiesel samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra before and after hydrogenation. Partially hydrogenated biodiesels were found to have better oxidative stability, and lower pour point and cloud point properties compared to non‐hydrogenated sunflower biodiesel. It can be stated that kinematic viscosities and the densities of the partial hydrogenated biodiesels did not change significantly.
Determination of the pseudoephedrine content in pharmaceutical formulations and in biological fluids using a microbore HPLC system interfaced to a microfluidic chemiluminescence detector
Authors: Kadavilpparampu Afsal Mohammed , Al‐Lawati Haider A. J. , Suliman FakhrEldin O. , Al Kindy Salma M. Z. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA novel automated precolumn derivatization followed by separation using liquid chromatography for the determination of pseudoephedrine (PSE) by a microfluidic chemiluminescence detector has been developed. An on‐line derivatization procedure was utilized by converting PSE into a highly light emitting species in a Ru(bipy)32+‐peroxydisulphate chemiluminescence (CL) system by derivatizing it with a 1.0 M formaldehyde solution. The derivatized analyte was directly injected into a microbore high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system coupled to an on‐chip chemiluminescence detector. The newly developed highly selective, sensitive and fast HPLC‐CL method was validated and successfully applied for the analysis of PSE in pharmaceutical formulations and a human urine sample. The selectivity of the method is not only due to the HPLC separation but is also due to the highly selective detection principle of the Ru(bipy)32+‐peroxydisulphate CL system used. There was no interference observed from the common preservatives and excipients used in pharmaceutical preparations, which did not show any significant CL signal. The retention time of PSE was less than 3 min, and the detection limits and quantification limits were found to be 5.7 and 26.0 µg L–1, respectively. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
‘Teachers Matter’: The Impact of Mandatory Reporting on Teacher Education in Ireland
Authors: Bourke Ashling , Maunsell Catherine 
Published: March 2015

The role of teachers in safeguarding the welfare of children is long acknowledged. However, recent research in Ireland found that the training provided to teachers on child protection issues was lacking (Buckley and McGarry, ). The frequent interactions that teachers have with children and their expertise in terms of typical child development place them in an ideal position for identifying possible signs of abuse. Yet despite this advantage, research indicates that schools fail to report a substantial proportion of suspected child abuse cases (Kenny, ). The oft‐cited reasons for this may be conceptualised as: explicit reasons, such as a lack of knowledge about child abuse issues; and implicit reasons, such as the individual teacher's belief system about abuse. The current paper discusses implicit as well as explicit obstacles to teachers’ ‘engagement’ with, and consequent barriers to their responding to, child protection issues. The current changes in initial teacher education and the introduction of mandatory reporting for professionals in Ireland, offer an opportune time to raise this issue and highlight the need for holistic education in child protection for teachers. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.‘Research indicates that schools fail to report a substantial proportion of suspected child abuse cases’Key Practitioner Messages

Teachers need comprehensive education on child protection issues in order to fulfil their role as mandated reporters.
Both implicit and explicit barriers impede teacher's reporting of abuse and neglect.
Education must go beyond policies and procedures and be holistic in addressing an implicit belief system in relation to child protection.
Education must also aim to reduce interagency conflict, oft cited as a deterrent to reporting, perhaps through increased contact between child protection and education professionals.
‘Education must go beyond policies and procedures and be holistic in addressing an implicit belief system in relation to child protection’
The German Version of the Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale (BADS): A Psychometric and Clinical Investigation
Authors: Teismann Tobias , Ertle Andrea , Furka Nadine , Willutzki Ulrike , Hoyer Juergen 
Published: March 2015

The Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale (BADS) was developed to measure core concepts of behavioural activation for depression. A number of studies, mostly based on analogue samples, have provided initial support for the BADS. In the present study, we examined the psychometric properties of the German version of the scale more broadly, including change sensitivity and clinical treatment data. A mixed sample of students (N = 312) and depressed outpatients in partial remission undergoing cognitive‐behavioural group treatment for depressive rumination (N = 59) was examined. To analyze construct validity, a set of theoretically relevant constructs such as perseverative thinking, distraction and mindfulness was also assessed. Results indicated good psychometric properties, additional evidence for construct validity of the total scale and subscales, and adequate fit of the data to the original factor structure. Furthermore, the BADS proved to be sensitive to changes in participants undergoing treatment for depression. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

Behavioural activation (BA) is an effective treatment for patients suffering from unipolar depression.
The Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale (BADS) can be used to measure core elements of the BA treatment rationale. It is useful to track changes in activation within treatment.
The BADS is available in different languages and has shown to possess good psychometric properties.
IL‐12/15/18‐preactivated NK cells suppress GvHD in a mouse model of mismatched hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Hüber Christian M. , Doisne Jean‐Marc , Colucci Francesco 
Published: March 2015

Mismatched hematopoietic cell transplants for treating leukemia are complicated by graft versus host disease (GvHD). Here, we show that adoptively transferred IL‐12/15/18‐preactivated NK cells suppress GvHD in a mouse model of fully mismatched hematopoietic cell transplantation. These IL‐12/15/18‐preactivated NK cells maintained Eomesodermin (Eomes) and T‐bet expression upon transfer and, while there was no evidence of direct killing of donor T cells or host DCs by the IL‐12/15/18‐preactivated NK cells, proliferation of donor T cells was inhibited. Strikingly, the graft versus leukemia effect mediated by donor T cells was retained, resulting in improved overall survival of mice that received lymphoma cells, donor allogeneic T cells, and IL‐12/15/18‐preactivated NK cells. These results suggest that IL‐12/15/18‐preactivated NK cells may be useful in improving immunotherapy of mismatched hematopoietic cell transplantation. Compared with previously proposed protocols, our findings suggest that in vitro NK‐cell preactivation with this cytokine cocktail offers the significant advantage that cytokines do not need to be administered systemically to sustain NK‐cell activity, thus avoiding toxicity.
Phenolic profile of virgin olive oils with and without sensory defects: Oils with non‐oxidative defects exhibit a considerable concentration of phenols
Authors: Aparicio‐Ruiz Ramón , García‐González Diego L. , Oliver‐Pozo Celia , Tena Noelia , Morales María T. , Aparicio Ramón 
Published: March 2015

The new health claim on “olive oil polyphenols” recently approved by the European Commission has produced a dramatic increase in the interest in these antioxidant compounds. Although this interest has been focused mostly on extra virgin olive oils (EVOOs), virgin olive oils (VOOs) qualified as having non‐oxidative sensory defects, mostly caused by fermentation and the action of fungi on olives, may still have a considerable amount of phenols, even though their sensory quality is not flawless. This study is focused on the phenol composition of all the VOO categories: EVOOs with their ample variability in phenolic composition, VOOs with slight defects, lampante virgin olive oils (LVOO), and reference materials of defective VOOs. The average content of phenols in the analyzed EVOOs (410 ± 16 mg/kg) is higher than the recommended consumption by the health claim (250 mg/kg). VOOs qualified with non‐oxidative defects contain high concentrations of phenols (234 ± 27 mg/kg), but only samples characterized by the wet‐wood sensory defect show concentrations of phenols close to 250 mg/kg.Practical application: This study has demonstrated that VOOs with slight sensory defects still have a high concentration of phenols, providing antioxidant properties regarding health benefits and stability. The health claim should be not only applied to the extra virgin olive oil category, but also to some virgin olive oils with sensory defects.Profiles of phenols according to their main sensory defect. Picual (A), Hojiblanca (B), rancid (C), winey‐vinegary (D), fusty (E), and musty (F).
The role of iron in peroxidation of PUFA: Effect of pH and chelators
Authors: Mozuraityte Revilija , Kristinova Vera , Rustad Turid , Storrø Ivar 
Published: March 2015

The aim of this work was to understand the effect of pH and chelators on free iron (Fe2+/Fe3+)‐mediated oxidation in liposome dispersions made of marine phospholipids. Consumption of dissolved oxygen was used to follow lipid oxidation. The highest oxygen uptake rates were found at pH 4–5. The increase in pH (>5.7) enhanced autoxidation rate of Fe2+ to Fe3+ and lowered solubility of Fe3+ causing decrease in oxygen uptake rates. Simultaneously, the negative charge on the liposome vesicles increased with increasing pH improving the attraction between iron and liposomes. The retention of Fe3+ ions by phospholipids is suggested to prevent complete precipitation of Fe3+ at pH > 5, which facilitates a pro‐oxidative activity of iron even at higher pH. The tested chelators reduced Fe2+ (10 μM) mediated oxidation at pH 5.5 and at 2:1 chelator‐to‐iron ratio in the following order: EDTA ∼ casein > citric acid > oxalic acid. However, when pH was reduced below the pKa of the EDTA carboxylic groups, EDTA lost its chelating abilities. The stability constants for complexes between the chelators and iron followed the same sequence as efficacy of the chelators at pH 5.5, making it an additional factor determining the efficacy of chelators. This study shows that the final oxidation rate is dependent on the overall dissolved iron in the system and the degree of attraction between iron and the surface of liposome vesicles at a given pH.Practical applicationsFor successful addition of marine polyunsaturated lipids into emulsified food, it is important to understand how physicochemical conditions affect the pro‐oxidative activity of iron and the antioxidant activity of metal chelators. This work addresses the role of pH in oxidation of marine liposomes, and the knowledge may help to characterise effective hurdles for lipid oxidation. This study shows that pH has an impact on iron solubility and attraction between iron and the liposome surface and also affects the efficacy of EDTA. This study also shows that by quantification of the dissolved oxygen consumption, it is possible to screen and evaluate the impact of surrounding conditions (pH, chelators) on iron‐mediated oxidation in a water‐based system.The study shows that oxidation rate is dependent on the overall dissolved iron in the system and the degree of attraction between iron and the surface of liposome vesicles at a given pH.
Effect of Bolts Assembly on the Deformation and Pressure Distribution of Flow‐Channel Plates in Micro‐PEMFC
Authors: Chien C.‐H. , Chen L.‐C. , Chen B.‐S. , Sun J.‐H. , Li S.‐J. , Che J.‐W. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe main aim of this study is to simulate the response of a micro‐PEMFC numerically by utilizing a 3‐D FEM model while the micro‐PEMFC was assembled by three pairs of bolt along the upper and lower portions, respectively, of the end plates. The effects of different bolts locking sequences on the deformation and pressure distributions at flow‐channel plates in a micro‐PEMFC were investigated. The simulated results showed that if one locked the middle bolt either on the upper or lower portion first, then the obtained warpage, uniformities of deformation and von Mises equivalent stress were superior than those results if one locked either one of the four corner bolts first. Also, among the three pairs of bolts used for assembling the cell, the first locking bolt of the first pair of locking bolt and the first locking bolt of the rest of two pairs of locking bolt were to minimize the warpage and stress should locate on the different portions of the end plates.
Optimal design and plantwide control of novel processes for di‐n‐pentyl ether production
Authors: Bildea Costin Sorin , Győrgy Romuald , Sánchez‐Ramírez Eduardo , Quiroz‐Ramírez Juan José , Segovia‐Hernandez Juan Gabriel , Kiss Anton A 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDDi‐n‐pentyl ether (DNPE) is a good candidate for diesel fuel formulations due to its blending cetane number, good cold flow properties and effectiveness in reducing diesel exhaust emissions, particulates and smokes. However, novel processes are required in order to drive the production costs down and to increase the efficiency at industrial scale.RESULTSThe dehydration of 1‐pentanol to yield DNPE is catalyzed by thermally stable resins, such as Amberlyst 70 which has high activity and selectivity at temperatures up to 190 °C. Two process options are proposed for a plant capacity of 26.5 ktpy: a reaction–separation–recycle (R–S–R) system based on an adiabatic tubular reactor and a catalytic distillation process. Both processes were optimized in terms of total annual costs (481 and 523 k$ year−1), leading to specific energy requirements of 225 and 256 kWh ton−1 DNPE, respectively. The controllability was assessed by dynamic simulation performed in Aspen Dynamics.CONCLUSIONCompared with the membrane reactor reported earlier, the new DNPE process alternatives (i.e. conventional reaction–separation–recycle system and catalytic distillation) are better process candidates, requiring simpler units leading to much smaller investment costs, while also having good controllability. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry