bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fructose Containing Sugars Do Not Raise Blood Pressure or Uric Acid at Normal Levels of Human Consumption
Authors: Angelopoulos Theodore J. , Lowndes Joshua , Sinnett Stephanie , Rippe James M. 
Published: December 2014

The impact of fructose, commonly consumed with sugars by humans, on blood pressure and uric acid has yet to be defined. A total of 267 weight‐stable participants drank sugar‐sweetened milk every day for 10 weeks as part of their usual, mixed‐nutrient diet. Groups 1 and 2 had 9% estimated caloric intake from fructose or glucose, respectively, added to milk. Groups 3 and 4 had 18% of estimated caloric intake from high fructose corn syrup or sucrose, respectively, added to the milk. Blood pressure and uric acid were determined prior to and after the 10‐week intervention. There was no effect of sugar type on either blood pressure or uric acid (interaction P>.05), and a significant time effect for blood pressure was noted (P<.05). The authors conclude that 10 weeks of consumption of fructose at the 50th percentile level, whether consumed as pure fructose or with fructose‐glucose–containing sugars, does not promote hyperuricemia or increase blood pressure.
Effects of sulfonylurea as initial treatment on testosterone of middle‐aged men with type 2 diabetes: A 16‐week, pilot study
Authors: Wong Long , Chen Hong‐Mei , Lai Shui‐Qing , Yang Hua‐Zhang , Kuang Jian , Pei Jian‐Hao 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAims/IntroductionTo evaluate the effect of sulfonylurea (glimepiride)‐based oral antidiabetic agents on testosterone levels in middle‐aged men with type 2 diabetes.Materials and MethodsAs a substudy, 15 participants from the phase IV clinical trial of glimepiride (GREAT study) of middle‐aged men with type 2 diabetes were included in the current study. After enrolment, the initial dose of oral glimepiride was 1 mg/day. The dose was titrated according to blood glucose levels and the participants were treated for 16 weeks. Meanwhile, another 15 healthy age‐ and body mass index‐matched male subjects were randomly selected as the healthy control group.ResultsCompared with the healthy control group, the middle‐aged men with type 2 diabetes had significantly decreased total testosterone levels and a lower testosterone secretion index. Blood glucose and lipid profile levels were significantly improved after 16 weeks of treatment with no significant differences in bodyweight and waist circumference compared with baseline values. Recorded changes in luteinizing hormone, follicle‐stimulating hormone and sex hormone‐binding globulin levels were not statistically significant. However, total testosterone levels were significantly increased and testosterone secretion index values were significant higher than those of the baseline.ConclusionsIt is highly possible that sulfonylurea as an initial treatment can recover the decreased total serum testosterone levels and testosterone secretion index values in middle‐aged men with type 2 diabetes.
Female house mice avoid fertilization by t haplotype incompatible males in a mate choice experiment
Authors: Manser A. , König B. , Lindholm A. K. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe t haplotype in house mice is a well‐known selfish genetic element with detrimental, nonadditive fitness consequences to its carriers: recessive lethal mutations cause t/t homozygotes to perish in utero. Given the severe genetic incompatibility imposed by the t haplotype, we predict females to avoid fertilization by t haplotype incompatible males. Indeed, some of the strongest evidence for compatibility mate choice is related to the t haplotype in house mice. However, all previous evidence for compatibility mate choice in this system is based on olfactory preference. It is so far unknown how general these preferences are and whether they are relevant in an actual mating context. Here, we assess female compatibility mate choice related to t haplotypes in a setting that – for the first time – allowed females to directly interact and mate with males. This approach enabled us to analyse female behaviour during the testing period, and the resulting paternity success and fitness consequences of a given choice. We show that genetic incompatibilities arising from the t haplotype had severe indirect fitness consequences and t females avoided fertilization by t incompatible males. The results are inconclusive whether this avoidance of t fertilization by t females was caused by pre‐ or post‐copulatory processes.
Background matching ability and the maintenance of a colour polymorphism in the red devil cichlid
Authors: Sowersby W. , Lehtonen T. K. , Wong B. B. M. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe evolution and maintenance of colour polymorphisms remains a topic of considerable research interest. One key mechanism thought to contribute to the coexistence of different colour morphs is a bias in how conspicuous they are to visual predators. Although individuals of many species camouflage themselves against their background to avoid predation, differently coloured individuals within a species may vary in their capacity to do so. However, to date, very few studies have explicitly investigated the ability of different colour morphs to plastically adjust their colouration to match their background. The red devil (Amphilophus labiatus) is a Neotropical cichlid fish with a stable colour polymorphism, with the gold morph being genetically dominant and having a myriad of documented advantages over the dark morph. However, gold individuals are much rarer, which may be related to their heightened conspicuousness to would‐be predators. Here, we tested the ability of differently coloured individuals to phenotypically adjust the shade of their body colour and patterns to match their background. In particular, we filmed dark, gold and mottled (a transitioning phase from dark to gold) individuals under an identical set‐up on light vs. dark‐coloured substrates. We found that, in contrast to individuals of the dark morph, gold and mottled individuals were less capable of matching their body colouration to their background. As a result, gold individuals appeared to be more conspicuous. These results suggest that a difference in background matching ability could play an important role in the maintenance of colour polymorphisms.
Multiple tooth loss is associated with vascular cognitive impairment in subjects with acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Zhu J. , Li X. , Zhu F. , Chen L. , Zhang C. , McGrath C. , He F. , Xiao Y. , Jin L. 
Published: December 2014

Background and ObjectiveEmerging evidence shows that tooth loss is associated with cognitive impairment and dementia. Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is a common consequence of ischemic stroke. This study investigated the association of tooth loss with VCI in patients with acute stroke.Material and MethodsA total of 161 subjects with acute ischemic stroke were recruited. Within 1 wk after admission, fasting blood tests were undertaken and the number of teeth present was recorded. VCI was evaluated with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA).ResultsThe patients with loss of ≥ 8 teeth exhibited significantly lower MoCA values as compared to those with loss of ≤ 7 teeth (13.2 ± 6.6 vs. 17.3 ± 6.0, p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that loss of ≥ 8 teeth (OR = 3.1, 95% CI: 1.2–7.9, p = 0.02) and stroke history (OR = 3.8, 95% CI: 1.1–14.1, p = 0.04) were significantly associated with VCI (MoCA score ≤ 20.0).ConclusionWithin the limitations of this study, the current findings provide the first evidence that multiple tooth loss is independently associated with VCI in patients with acute ischemic stroke.
A randomized, placebo‐controlled study of the NS5B inhibitor beclabuvir with peginterferon/ribavirin for HCV genotype 1
Authors: Tatum H. , Thuluvath P. J. , Lawitz E. , Martorell C. , DeMicco M. , Cohen S. , Rustgi V. , Ravendhran N. , Ghalib R. , Hanson J. , Zamparo J. , Zhao J. , Cooney E. , Treitel M. , Hughes E. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryBeclabuvir is a potent, non‐nucleoside inhibitor of the HCV NS5B RNA polymerase, with nanomolar activity against HCV genotypes 1, 3, 4, 5 and 6 in vitro. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of beclabuvir, in combination with peginterferon alfa‐2a (pegIFN) and ribavirin (RBV), in HCV genotype 1. In this randomized (1:1:1), double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled, dose‐ranging phase 2a study, 39 treatment‐naive patients chronically infected with HCV genotype 1 were treated for 48 weeks with beclabuvir (75 mg or 150 mg) plus pegIFN (180 μg) and RBV (1000 mg/day [<75 kg] or 1200 mg/day [≥75 kg]) vs pegIFN/RBV alone. The primary efficacy endpoint of extended rapid virologic response (undetectable HCV RNA at treatment weeks 4 and 12) was achieved by 76.9% (10/13) of patients receiving beclabuvir 75 mg and 38.5% (5/13) receiving beclabuvir 150 mg vs 0% receiving pegIFN/RBV alone. Higher response rates were observed among patients receiving beclabuvir 75 mg for all secondary efficacy endpoints, including sustained virologic response at follow‐up weeks 12 or 24. Three patients experienced virologic breakthrough on treatment, all in the beclabuvir 150‐mg treatment group. Beclabuvir was well tolerated at both doses, with the most commonly observed adverse events (headache, fatigue, nausea, decreased appetite, irritability, depression and insomnia) consistent with those observed with pegIFN/RBV. In conclusion, beclabuvir was both effective and well tolerated when administered in combination with pegIFN/RBV for the treatment of chronic HCV GT 1, supporting the study of beclabuvir as part of an all‐oral regimen for HCV GT1.
ELF score ≥9.8 indicates advanced hepatic fibrosis and is influenced by age, steatosis and histological activity
Authors: Fagan Kevin J. , Pretorius Carel J. , Horsfall Leigh U. , Irvine Katharine M. , Wilgen Urs , Choi Kihoon , Fletcher Linda M. , Tate Jill , Melino Michelle , Nusrat Sharmin , Miller Gregory C. , Clouston Andrew D. , Ballard Emma , O'Rourke Peter , Lampe Guy , Ungerer Jacobus P. J. , Powell Elizabeth E. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackground & AimsThere is increasing need to identify individuals with advanced liver fibrosis, who are at risk of complications such as hepatocellular carcinoma. The commercially available enhanced liver fibrosis (ELF) test provides a non‐invasive assessment of fibrosis severity. This study was designed to determine the diagnostic accuracy of the manufacturer's cut‐off value (≥9.8) in identifying advanced fibrosis.MethodsThe relationship between ELF score and fibrosis was examined using serum collected at time of liver biopsy for investigation of liver disease, particularly viral hepatitis. Fibrosis was staged using a modified METAVIR score. If available, liver tissue was recut and stained with Sirius red to determine collagen proportional area (CPA) and subsinusoidal fibrosis (SSF).ResultsEnhanced liver fibrosis score ≥9.8 had a sensitivity of 74.4% and specificity 92.4% for detecting advanced fibrosis. In the whole cohort (n = 329), ELF score was more likely to incorrectly classify individuals if age was ≥45 years and METAVIR inflammatory grade was 2 or 3 (adjusted OR, odds ratio 3.71 and 2.62 respectively). In contrast, ELF score was less likely to misclassify individuals in the presence of steatosis (OR 0.37). Neither SSF nor CPA explained the discordance in ELF score for patients with or without advanced fibrosis.ConclusionAlthough ELF score ≥9.8 reliably identifies advanced fibrosis in patients with chronic liver disease, both age and inflammatory activity need to be considered when interpreting the result. Importantly, ELF score performed well in the presence of steatosis and could thus be helpful in the assessment of fatty liver disease.
Non‐invasive assessment of liver fibrosis in C282Y homozygous HFE hemochromatosis
Authors: Legros Ludivine , Bardou‐Jacquet Edouard , Latournerie Marianne , Guillygomarc'h Anne , Turlin Bruno , Le Lan Caroline , Désille Yoann , Lainé Fabrice , Moirand Romain , Brissot Pierre , Deugnier Yves , Guyader Dominique 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackground & AimsC282Y homozygotes with serum ferritin (SF) levels >1000 μg/L and/or increased serum transaminase levels are at risk of severe F3/F4 fibrosis. Current practical guidelines recommend liver biopsy in such individuals. This prospective observational cohort study aimed to evaluate non‐invasive alternative means such as hyaluronic acid (HA) and transient elastography (TE) for the assessment of severe fibrosis in patients with SF >1000 μg/L or elevated transaminases.MethodsBetween September 2005 and April 2013, 77 patients diagnosed C282Y homozygotes underwent a liver biopsy because of SF >1000 μg/L and/or increased transaminases according to current guidelines, with concomitant TE. All of them had clinical and biological evaluation, including HA measurement in 52 cases.ResultsA total of 19.5% of patients had F3–F4 severe fibrosis. HA was higher in patients with severe fibrosis, but did not accurately predict severe fibrosis. TE was significantly higher in patients with severe fibrosis (17.2 vs. 4.9 kPa; P < 0.05) and was able to accurately predict fibrosis stage in 47/61 (77%) patients with valid measurement using a lower threshold of 6.4 kPa and an upper threshold of 13.9 kPa. Efficient assessment of severe fibrosis was not possible in patients with intermediate TE values.ConclusionAn algorithm that successively employed SF and TE can accurately classify severe fibrosis in 61% of patients, restricting the need for liver biopsy to the 39% of patients with intermediate or unvalid TE values. This algorithm should be validated in independent cohorts before extended use.
Multicollinearity in spatial genetics: separating the wheat from the chaff using commonality analyses
Authors: Prunier J. G. , Colyn M. , Legendre X. , Nimon K. F. , Flamand M. C. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractDirect gradient analyses in spatial genetics provide unique opportunities to describe the inherent complexity of genetic variation in wildlife species and are the object of many methodological developments. However, multicollinearity among explanatory variables is a systemic issue in multivariate regression analyses and is likely to cause serious difficulties in properly interpreting results of direct gradient analyses, with the risk of erroneous conclusions, misdirected research and inefficient or counterproductive conservation measures. Using simulated data sets along with linear and logistic regressions on distance matrices, we illustrate how commonality analysis (CA), a detailed variance‐partitioning procedure that was recently introduced in the field of ecology, can be used to deal with nonindependence among spatial predictors. By decomposing model fit indices into unique and common (or shared) variance components,CAallows identifying the location and magnitude of multicollinearity, revealing spurious correlations and thus thoroughly improving the interpretation of multivariate regressions. Despite a few inherent limitations, especially in the case of resistance model optimization, this review highlights the great potential ofCAto account for complex multicollinearity patterns in spatial genetics and identifies future applications and lines of research. We strongly urge spatial geneticists to systematically investigate commonalities when performing direct gradient analyses.
Associations of dietary intake and plasma concentrations of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid with prenatal depressive symptoms in Japan
Authors: Shiraishi Mie , Matsuzaki Masayo , Yatsuki Yuko , Murayama Ryoko , Severinsson Elisabeth , Haruna Megumi 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe association between depression and omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, including eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid, continues to gain focus. In this study, we examined whether dietary intakes and plasma concentrations of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid were associated with depressive symptoms during pregnancy. Healthy Japanese women with singleton pregnancies were recruited at a university hospital in Tokyo between 2010 and 2012. The depressive‐symptom group included participants with Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale scores greater than eight. Of the 329 participants, 19 (5.8%) had depressive symptoms. Lower plasma docosahexaenoic acid concentration was significantly associated with prenatal depressive symptoms. Women with depressive symptoms had a higher rate of pregnancy‐associated nausea than those with non‐depressive symptoms (52.6% vs 28.7%, respectively). Although we adjusted for the presence of pregnancy‐associated nausea, dietary fatty acid intake was not associated with depressive symptoms in the multiple logistic regression analyses. Further large studies would be required to examine any preventive effect of dietary fatty acid intake on depressive symptoms among pregnant women.
Molecular mechanisms for mediating light‐dependent nucleo/cytoplasmic partitioning of phytochrome photoreceptors
Authors: Klose Cornelia , Viczián András , Kircher Stefan , Schäfer Eberhard , Nagy Ferenc 
Published: December 2014

SummaryThe photoreceptors phytochromes monitor the red/far‐red part of the spectrum, exist in the biologically active Pfr (far‐red absorbing) or inactive Pr (red absorbing) forms, and function as red/far‐red light‐regulated molecular switches to modulate plant development and growth. Phytochromes are synthesized in the cytoplasm, and light induces translocation of the Pfr conformer into the nucleus. Nuclear import of phytochromes is a highly regulated process and is fine‐tuned by the quality and quantity of light. It appears that phytochrome A (phyA) and phytochrome B (phyB) do not possess active endogenous nuclear import signals (NLSs), thus light‐induced translocation of these photoreceptors into the nucleus requires direct protein–protein interactions with their NLS‐containing signaling partners. Sub‐cellular partitioning of the various phytochrome species is mediated by different molecular machineries. Translocation of phyA into the nucleus is promoted by FAR‐RED ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 1 (FHY1) and FHY1‐LIKE (FHL), but the identity of nuclear transport facilitators mediating the import of phyB‐E into the nucleus remains elusive. Phytochromes localized in the nucleus are associated with specific protein complexes, termed photobodies. The size and distribution of these structures are regulated by the intensity and duration of irradiation, and circumstantial evidence indicates that they are involved in fine‐tuning phytochrome signaling.
The evolution of halophytes, glycophytes and crops, and its implications for food security under saline conditions
Authors: Cheeseman John M. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryThe effective development of salt tolerant crops requires an understanding that the evolution of halophytes, glycophytes and our major grain crops has involved significantly different processes. Halophytes (and other edaphic endemics) generally arose through colonization of habitats in severe disequilibrium by pre‐adapted individuals, rather than by gradual adaptation from populations of ‘glycophytes’. Glycophytes, by contrast, occur in low sodium ecosystems, where sodium was and is the major limiting nutrient in herbivore diets, suggesting that their evolution reflects the fact that low sodium individuals experienced lower herbivory and had higher fitness. For domestication/evolution of crop plants, the selective pressure was human imposed and involved humans co‐opting functions of defense and reproductive security. Unintended consequences of this included loss of tolerance to various stresses and loss of the genetic variability needed to correct that. Understanding, combining and manipulating all three modes of evolution are now critical to the development of salt tolerant crops, particularly those that will offer food security in countries with few economic resources and limited infrastructure. Such efforts will require exploiting the genetic structures of recently evolved halophytes, the genetic variability of model plants, and endemic halophytes and ‘minor’ crops that already exist.

Contents

Summary
557

I.
Introduction
557

II.
On the evolution of halophytes
558

III.
Glycophytes – the other salt problem
561

IV.
Crops – adaptation with loss of critical functions
565

V.
Moving forward
565

VI.
Concluding remarks
566

Acknowledgements
567

References
567
Epistemic Value and the New Evil Demon
Authors: Madison B. J. C. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn this article I argue that the value of epistemic justification cannot be adequately explained as being instrumental to truth. I intend to show that false belief, which is no means to truth, can nevertheless still be of epistemic value. This in turn will make a good prima facie case that justification is valuable for its own sake. If this is right, we will have also found reason to think that truth value monism is false: assuming that true belief does have value, there is more of final epistemic value than mere true belief.
Xanthoma Disseminatum Associated with Inflammatory Arthritis and Synovitis—A Rare Association
Authors: Gupta Prashant , Khandpur Sujay , Vedi Kamal , Singh Manoj K. , Walia Ritika 
Published: December 2014

AbstractXanthoma disseminatum (XD) is a rare, benign, non‐Langerhans cell histiocytosis characterized by disseminated xanthomatous lesions with a predilection for the face, flexures, and mucosae. Approximately 100 cases have been reported in the literature. We report XD in an 8‐year‐old boy with symmetric synovitis and arthritis involving the wrists and knees. This case is interesting in view of the association between arthritis and synovitis and XD, which to our knowledge has not been reported in the literature. This case has to be differentiated from multicentric histiocytosis, another non‐Langerhans cell histiocytosis, in which joint involvement is common.
Resistance sources to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 in banana wild relatives
Authors: Li W. M. , Dita M. , Wu W. , Hu G. B. , Xie J. H. , Ge X. J. 
Published: December 2014

Target trait evaluation in crop wild relatives is an important prerequisite for efficiently using the potential useful genes located in this valuable germplasm. Over recent decades, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 (Foc‐TR4) has seriously threatened worldwide banana plantations. Breeding new resistant cultivars from wild banana species is expected to provide invaluable additional resources. However, knowledge on resistance to Foc‐TR4 in wild Musa species is very limited. In this study, eight genotypes of wild banana relatives (Musa acuminata subsp. burmannica, M. balbisiana, M. basjoo, M. itinerans, M. nagensium, M. ruiliensis, M. velutina and M. yunnanensis) were characterized for resistance to Foc‐TR4 in both greenhouse and field conditions. Most wild bananas showed higher resistance levels to Foc‐TR4 than the reference cultivars ‘Brazilian’ (AAA, susceptible) and ‘Goldfinger’ (AAAB, moderate resistance). Among the wild species, M. balbisiana showed the highest levels of disease intensity followed by M. acuminata subsp. burmannica. Some individuals of M. yunnanensis, M. nagensium, M. ruiliensis and M. velutina showed low levels of rhizome discolouration in greenhouse conditions, but were resistant in the field. No symptoms were observed on M. basjoo and M. itinerans, suggesting higher levels of resistance to Foc‐TR4. The results revealed different sources of resistance to Foc‐TR4 in banana wild relatives, which constitute a valuable genetic resource for banana breeding programmes aiming to produce cultivars resistant to fusarium wilt.