bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recommendations for HLA‐B*15:02 and HLA‐A*31:01 genetic testing to reduce the risk of carbamazepine‐induced hypersensitivity reactions
Authors: Amstutz Ursula , Shear Neil H. , Rieder Michael J. , Hwang Soomi , Fung Vincent , Nakamura Hidefumi , Connolly Mary B. , Ito Shinya , Carleton Bruce C. ,   the CPNDS clinical recommendation group
Published: March 2014

SummaryObjectiveTo systematically review evidence on genetic risk factors for carbamazepine (CBZ)–induced hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) and provide practice recommendations addressing the key questions: (1) Should genetic testing for HLA‐B*15:02 and HLA‐A*31:01 be performed in patients with an indication for CBZ therapy to reduce the occurrence of CBZ‐induced HSRs? (2) Are there subgroups of patients who may benefit more from genetic testing for HLA‐B*15:02 or HLA‐A*31:01 compared to others? (3) How should patients with an indication for CBZ therapy be managed based on their genetic test results?MethodsA systematic literature search was performed for HLA‐B*15:02 and HLA‐A*31:01 and their association with CBZ‐induced HSRs. Evidence was critically appraised and clinical practice recommendations were developed based on expert group consensus.ResultsPatients carrying HLA‐B*15:02 are at strongly increased risk for CBZ‐induced Stevens‐Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN) in populations where HLA‐B*15:02 is common, but not CBZ‐induced hypersensitivity syndrome (HSS) or maculopapular exanthema (MPE). HLA‐B*15:02–positive patients with CBZ‐SJS/TEN have been reported from Asian countries only, including China, Thailand, Malaysia, and India. HLA‐B*15:02 is rare among Caucasians or Japanese; no HLA‐B*15:02‐positive patients with CBZ‐SJS/TEN have been reported so far in these groups. HLA‐A*31:01–positive patients are at increased risk for CBZ‐induced HSS and MPE, and possibly SJS/TEN and acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP). This association has been shown in Caucasian, Japanese, Korean, Chinese, and patients of mixed origin; however, HLA‐A*31:01 is common in most ethnic groups. Not all patients carrying either risk variant develop an HSR, resulting in a relatively low positive predictive value of the genetic tests.SignificanceThis review provides the latest update on genetic markers for CBZ HSRs, clinical practice recommendations as a basis for informed decision making regarding the use of HLA‐B*15:02 and HLA‐A*31:01 genetic testing in patients with an indication for CBZ therapy, and identifies knowledge gaps to guide future research.A PowerPoint slide summarizing this article is available for download in the Supporting Information section here.
Examining the impact of shade on above‐ground biomass and normalized difference vegetation index of C3 and C4 grass species in North‐Western NSW, Australia
Authors: Barnes P. , Wilson B. R. , Reid N. , Bayerlein L. , Koen T. B. , Olupot G. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractPrevious investigations have detected a directional trend in the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of pastures around scattered paddock trees and identified shade from the tree as the most likely causal factor. This study uses a field experiment to quantify the effect of varying levels of shade on the above‐ground biomass and NDVI of three grass species native to Australia (Microlaena stipoides, C3, shade tolerant; Austrodanthonia richardsonii, C3, prefers full sunlight, and Chloris ventricosa, C4, prefers full sunlight) in different seasons. The study demonstrates that shade had little influence on the above‐ground biomass of C3 species but significantly reduced biomass in the C4 species. Until early winter, the NDVI of each species was generally significantly higher in all shaded treatments than in the no‐shade treatment. This suggests that shaded plants retained a higher proportion of green biomass and/or changed leaf shape, increased leaf area and chlorophyll content. Regardless, although not proven in this experiment, it is likely shade prolonged the retention of green plant material into mid to late winter. Overall, this experiment explains the directional trends in NDVI around scattered trees found in previous work and suggests that shade from scattered trees prolongs green pasture production in a range of native grass species, without loss of C3 pasture biomass.
Beyond the Crisis of the Nobility. Recent Historiography on the Nobility in the Medieval Low Countries II
Authors: van Steensel Arie 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe medieval Low Countries are not usually associated with nobility and knighthood, but historical research in the past decades has proven that they should be. This series of essays gives a historiographical overview of the recent literature on the nobility in the medieval Low Countries and links it with major international debates on the subject. The second of the three sections into which this survey is organised concerns the history of the nobility in the later Middle Ages, a period characterised by commercialisation, urbanisation and state formation. The intensity of these processes varied across the different principalities, but recent research suggests that, overall, the nobility showed great resilience to political and economic challenges and maintained its dominant position in late‐medieval society.
Political Arithmetic's 18th Century Histories: Quantification in Politics, Religion, and the Public Sphere
Authors: McCormick Ted 
Published: March 2014

AbstractSeventeenth‐and 18th‐century political arithmetic – the gathering, interpretation, and dissemination of quantitative demographic information for various political, economic, scientific, and scholarly purposes – has attracted increasing scholarly attention since the mid‐1990s. Long understood as an early or proto‐social scientific discipline, anticipatory of modern economics and statistical demography, political arithmetic has emerged from recent studies (informed by new approaches to state‐formation, contextual intellectual history, constructivist history of science, and work on biopolitical governmentality) as a more variegated, less straightforwardly modern and, notably, less secular phenomenon. These developments have exposed the teleological nature and other limitations of older disciplinary approaches, but new studies have neither wholly shed nor replaced older definitions of what constituted political arithmetic during the long eighteenth century. This article surveys the state of the field and argues that a comprehensive history of political arithmetic's multiple roles and meanings during the long eighteenth century must take a much wider range of contributors and publics into account.
Hip dysfunction‐related urinary incontinence: A prospective analysis of 189 female patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Tamaki Tatsuya , Oinuma Kazuhiro , Shiratsuchi Hideaki , Akita Keiichi , Iida Satoshi 
Published: March 2014

AbstractPatients reporting that their symptoms of urinary incontinence have decreased after total hip arthroplasty can be encountered in orthopedic practice. In this questionnaire‐based study, we prospectively evaluated the symptoms of urinary incontinence before and after total hip arthroplasty. The International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire‐Short Form was used to prospectively evaluate these symptoms in 189 consecutive female patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty. The patients were asked to fill in a questionnaire before and 3 months after surgery. A decrease in the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire‐Short Form score of ≥1 point was defined as an improvement, whereas an increase of ≥1 point was defined as worsening. A total of 81 (43%) patients reported urinary incontinence before total hip arthroplasty. At 3 months after surgery, symptoms of urinary incontinence were improved in 64% of these patients, remained unchanged in 32% and worsened in 4%. Mean International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire‐Short Form score in patients with urinary incontinence before surgery significantly improved from 6.0 to 3.5 (P = 0.0002). These findings suggest a relationship between hip joint function and pelvic floor function, and consequently a hip dysfunction‐related urinary incontinence.
Lipid concentrations and semen quality: the LIFE study
Authors: Schisterman E. F. , Mumford S. L. , Chen Z. , Browne R. W. , Boyd Barr D. , Kim S. , Buck Louis G. M. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryThe decline in sperm count rates over the last 50 years appears to parallel the rising prevalence of obesity. As lipid levels are strongly associated with obesity, high lipids levels or hyperlipidaemia may thus play an important role in the decline in fertility in addition to other environmental or lifestyle factors. The objective of this population based cohort study was to evaluate the association between men's serum lipid concentrations and semen quality parameters among 501 male partners of couples desiring pregnancy and discontinuing contraception. Each participant provided prospectively up to two semen samples (94% of men provided one or more semen samples, and 77% of men provided a second sample approximately 1 month later). Linear mixed effects models were used to estimate the associations between baseline lipid concentrations and semen quality parameters, adjusted for age, body mass index and race. We found that higher levels of serum total cholesterol, free cholesterol and phospholipids were associated with a significantly lower percentage of spermatozoa with intact acrosome and smaller sperm head area and perimeter. Our results suggest that lipid concentrations may affect semen parameters, specifically sperm head morphology, highlighting the importance of cholesterol and lipid homeostasis for male fecundity.
Rapid Geomorphic and Habitat Stream Assessment Techniques Inform Restoration Differently Based on Levels of Stream Disturbance
Authors: Habberfield Michael W. , Blersch Stacey Sloan , Bennett Sean J. , Atkinson Joseph F. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractVisual‐based rapid assessment techniques provide an efficient method for characterizing the restoration potential of streams, with many focusing on channel stability and instream habitat features. Few studies, however, have compared these techniques to see if they result in differing restoration priorities. Three rapid assessment techniques were contrasted at three wild trout streams in western New York with different amounts of channel disturbance. Two methods focused only on geomorphic stability, whereas the third addressed physical habitat condition. Habitat assessment scores were not correlated with scores for either geomorphic assessment method and they varied more between channels with different degrees of disturbance. A model based on dynamic equilibrium concepts best explains the variation among the streams and techniques because it accounts for a stream's capacity to maintain ecological integrity despite some inherent instability. Geomorphic indices can serve as effective proxies for biological indices in highly disturbed systems. Yet, this may not be the case in less disturbed systems, where geomorphic indices cannot differentiate channel adjustments that impact biota from those that do not. Dynamically stable streams can include both stable and unstable reaches locally as characterized by geomorphic methods and translating these results into restoration priorities may not be appropriate if interpretations are limited to the reach scale.
Beta diversity of woody plants in the Japanese archipelago: the roles of geohistorical and ecological processes
Authors: Kubota Yasuhiro , Hirao Toshihide , Fujii Shin‐jiro , Shiono Takayuki , Kusumoto Buntarou 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAimWe addressed the roles of geohistorical and ecological factors on beta diversity patterns of woody plants in the Japanese archipelago. We scrutinized the contribution of recent diversification in shaping the woody plant diversity of insular areas in East Asia.LocationThe Japanese archipelago.MethodsThe distribution data of 1030 woody plant species were compiled for 65 localities in the archipelago. First, the relationships between geohistorical (straits, distance and area) and ecological (topographical heterogeneity, minimum temperature and annual precipitation) variables and taxonomic and phylogenetic beta diversity were tested using regression models. Second, geographical patterns of phylogenetic beta diversity were compared with those of taxonomic beta diversity using ordination and randomization tests. These analyses were applied to the woody plants overall and their functional groups defined by life‐form (coniferous, deciduous broad‐leaved and evergreen broad‐leaved groups).ResultsDistance and minimum temperature showed significant positive relationships with both measures of beta diversity across the woody plants overall and the functional groups. The contributions of geographical barriers, topographical heterogeneity and annual precipitation varied among groups. Ordinations by phylogenetic beta diversity produced patterns that were consistent with those generated by taxonomic beta diversity, showing three clusters of localities in relation to geographical barriers, except in the coniferous group. The regression slopes of phylogenetic beta diversity versus distance were significantly smaller than those of taxonomic beta diversity versus distance across all groups.Main conclusionsIn the Japanese archipelago, the combination of geographical isolation and environmental filtering in response to geohistorical perturbations and environmental gradients has configured the beta diversity patterns of woody plants. The recent diversification of phylogenetically close relatives probably caused the spatial variations that exist in woody plant diversity. The archipelago functions as a refugium for relict taxa and as a hotspot for neoendemics, contributing to the broad‐scale diversity bias favouring East Asia.
The Automatic Stay In Family Law Proceedings: Do We Really Have to Stop?
Authors: Dee McGarity Margaret 
Published: March 2014

AbstractSince family disasters often come in clusters, many family court judges aren't sure what can continue in their court and what cannot after one of the parties to the family court action files a bankruptcy case. The 2005 Act amendments expanded the exceptions to the automatic stay, so much will remain unaffected. However, a few proceedings still require bankruptcy considerations and perhaps an order for relief from the stay. This article is intended to remove some of the mystery of how the automatic stay affects family court proceedings.
Effect of Freezing Rate and Storage Time on Gluten Protein Solubility, and Dough and Bread Properties
Authors: Silvas‐García M.I. , Ramírez‐Wong B. , Torres‐Chávez P.I. , Carvajal‐Millan E. , Barrón‐Hoyos J.M. , Bello‐Pérez L.A. , Quintero‐Ramos A. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the freezing rate and storage time on the solubility of gluten proteins and on the fermentative and rheological properties of dough as well as the bread quality. Increased storage time very significantly decreased (P < 0.01) the quality of the dough and the bread. Dough frozen at a slow freezing rate exhibited a very significant decrease in the proportion of insoluble polymeric protein (IPP), an increase the protein solubility, a decrease the resistance to extension, an increase the viscous modulus (G′) and the gas retention decreased. In contrast, dough frozen at a fast freezing rate displayed a very significant decrease (P < 0.01) in the specific volume of the bread and a very significant increase (P < 0.01) in its hardness and a decrease in springiness. A higher content of IPP decreased the retention of CO2, and bread was harder and less springy. In conclusion, a slow freezing rate and a short storage period provide better quality bread.Practical ApplicationsThe quality of bakery products depends on the viscoelastic properties of the gluten proteins. In frozen dough, the gluten proteins are modified by the migration of water to form ice crystals. The size and shape of the crystals determine the changes in the proteins. Assessing the effect of the freezing rate and the storage period of bread dough on the changes in these proteins may facilitate improving the characteristics of frozen dough and bread. The information obtained from this work showed that the frozen storage is the most important factor that affects the dough and bread quality, and slow freezing rate is better to preserve the overall quality of frozen dough and bread. It could help bread makers to improve the quality of bread after thawing by using flours with protein quality with the features necessary for frozen dough and to obtain bread with better properties.
Formulating Evidence‐Based Guidelines for Certified Nurse‐Midwives and Certified Midwives Attending Home Births
Authors: Cook Elizabeth , Avery Melissa , Frisvold Melissa 
Published: March 2014

IntroductionImplementing national home birth guidelines for certified nurse‐midwives (CNMs) and certified midwives (CMs) in the United States may facilitate a common approach to safe home birth practices. Guidelines are evidence‐based care recommendations for specified clinical situations that can be modified by individual providers to meet specific client needs.MethodsFollowing a review of home birth guidelines from multiple countries, a set of home birth practices guidelines for US CNMs/CMs was drafted. Fifteen American Midwifery Certification Board, Inc. (AMCB)‐certified home birth midwives who participate in the American College of Nurse‐Midwives (ACNM) home birth electronic mailing list considered the use of such a document in their practices and reviewed and commented on the guidelines.ResultsThe proposed guidelines addressed client screening, informed consent, antepartum care, routine intrapartum care, obstetric complications and hospital transports, postpartum care, neonatal care, gynecologic care, primary care, peer reviews, recordkeeping, and physician collaboration. The reviewers had varying assessments as to whether the guidelines reflected international standards and current best evidence. The primary concern expressed was that an adoption of national guidelines could compromise provider autonomy.DiscussionIncorporation of evidence‐based guidelines is an ACNM standard and was recommended by the Home Birth Consensus Summit. Clinical practice guidelines are informed by current evidence and supported by experts in a given discipline. Implementation of guidelines ensures optimal patient care and is becoming increasingly central to reimbursement and to medicolegal support. A set of practice guidelines based on current best evidence and internationally accepted standards was developed and reviewed by an interested group of US CNMs/CMs. Further discussion with home birth midwives and other stakeholders about the development and implementation of home birth guidelines is needed, especially in light of this project's finding of less support for national home birth guidelines among the reviewers subsequent to versus prior to their review of the draft guidelines.
Congenital cytomegalovirus infection is associated with high maternal socio‐economic status and corresponding low maternal cytomegalovirus seropositivity
Authors: Basha James , Iwasenko Jenna M , Robertson Peter , Craig Maria E , Rawlinson William D 
Published: March 2014

AimsHuman cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the leading infectious cause of congenital infection in developed countries. Globally, CMV seropositivity has been associated with low socio‐economic status (SES); however, Australian data are lacking. Therefore, we examined the association between SES and CMV seroprevalence in children and pregnant women.MethodsThree groups were examined: 1, a prospective cohort of Australian children aged 0–15 years (n = 220); 2, a clinic‐based sample of pregnant women (n = 778); and 3, a case series of infants and children (n = 219) with symptomatic congenital CMV infection. SES was determined using a postcode‐based score from the Australian Bureau of Statistics.Group 1 was recruited from endocrinology clinics and follow‐up at Prince of Wales Hospital and Children's Hospital at Westmead. Group 2 was recruited at the Royal Hospital for Women. Congenitally infected infants were identified through the Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit.ResultsCMV seroprevalence among all children was 20% (95% confidence interval (CI) 15–25%), and there was no association with SES (P = 0.58). Seroprevalence among pregnant women was 57% (53–60%), and higher rates of CMV seropositivity were associated with lower SES (P < 0.001). More congenital CMV cases were reported in the highest socio‐economic groups (55%) than the lowest (9%) (P < 0.001).ConclusionsA marked socio‐economic gradient in CMV seroprevalence is evident in Australian pregnant women and cases of congenital CMV but not in unselected Australian children. These findings highlight the importance of a community‐wide approach to CMV awareness and the potential for hygienic measures to reduce the burden of congenital CMV in Australia.
Core Concepts of Disability Policy, the Convention on the Rights of Persons With Disabilities, and Public Policy Research With Respect to Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Shogren Karrie A. , Turnbull H. Rutherford 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis article describes the core concepts of U.S. disability policy and their utility for national and international policy development. It compares and contrasts the core concepts with the articles of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD), and then describes implications of the alignment of these two approaches. There is significant overlap among the core concepts and UNCRPD articles. Aligning the core concepts derived from U.S. disability policy and the UNCRPD provides a unifying international framework for thinking about core values in the development of public policy and research based on the social‐ecological model. The core concepts approach can help researchers analyze policies in other countries and relate analyses to quality of life outcomes for individuals and families affected by disability. The authors posit that policy leaders, advocates in professional and family organizations, nation‐state policymakers and organization leaders, and practitioners might adopt a similar approach.
Flies on the move: an inherited virus mirrors Drosophila melanogaster's elusive ecology and demography
Authors: Wilfert Lena , Jiggins Francis M. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractVertically transmitted parasites rely on their host's reproduction for their transmission, leading to the evolutionary histories of both parties being intimately entwined. Parasites can thus serve as a population genetic magnifying glass for their host's demographic history. Here, we study the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster's vertically transmitted sigma virus DMelSV. The virus has a high mutation rate and low effective population size, allowing us to reconstruct at a fine scale how the combined forces of the movement of flies and selection on the virus have shaped its migration patterns. We found that the virus is likely to have spread to Europe from Africa, mirroring the colonization route of Drosophila. The North American DMelSV population appears to be the result of a recent single immigration from Europe, invading together with its host in the late 19th century. Across Europe, DMelSV migration rates are low and populations are highly genetically structured, likely reflecting limited fly movement. Despite being intolerant of extreme cold, viral diversity suggests that fly populations can persist in harsh continental climates and that recolonization from the warmer south plays a minor role. In conclusion, studying DMelSV can provide insights into the poorly understood ecology of D. melanogaster, one of the best‐studied organisms in biology.