bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examination of the Chemical Composition of Propolis IX. Solid Phase Extraction of Coumarins from Propolis by Using Molecularly Imprinted Polymer
Authors: Hroboňová Katarína , Lehotay Jozef , Čižmárik Jozef 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The group selective molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for coumarins, including umbelliferone, herniarin, 4-methylumbelliferone, scoparone were developed. Using umbelliferone as the template molecule, methacrylic acid as functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as linking agent, chloroform as porogen and bulk polymerization as synthetic method, the MIPs were synthesized and characterized with rebinding experiments. The characteristics of MIPs were evaluated by chromatographic method and frontal analysis, and demonstrating good selectivity and high binding capacity (269 μg of umbelliferone per 100 mg of polymer). The group selective MIP was used as sorbent for the SPE pretreatment of coumarins from propolis extracts prior to HPLC analysis. Analysis of the samples showed good recoveries (>70 %). The limits of quantitation (LOQs) for studied compounds were 0.3-10 ng.mL-1 (determined for fluorescence detection).
Optimization of the Antioxidant Extraction from Eleutherococcus Senticosus Roots by Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Ondrejovič Miroslav , Chmelová Daniela , Maliar Tibor 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Eleutherococcus senticosus is known as adaptogen with benefits in general health promotion. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of major extraction parameters on extraction yield of antioxidants measured by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity. Secondly, content of total polyphenols was evaluated. Optimal conditions of the extraction were processed by response surface methodology. The independent variables of extraction were proposed as temperature, solid-liquid ratio and solvent composition. For the optimal antioxidant extraction, E. senticosus is suitable to extract by 23 % (v/v) aqueous ethanol at 70 °C in ratio 53 mL of extraction solvent per g of plant material. The optimal conditions calculated for the extraction of total polyphenols were very similar (70 °C, 22 % (v/v) aqueous ethanol) expect solid-liquid ratio which indicates need of increasing of solid-liquid ratio to 91 mL of extraction solvent per g of plant material
Utilization of the Spin Symmetry in Fitting the Magnetic Data lor Large Exchange Clusters
Authors: Boča Roman 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The Heisenberg Hamiltonian appropriate to exchange clusters commutes with the square of the total spin ant its third component. Therefore in studying the exchange coupled clusters of medium/high nuclearity the spin quantum number S can be utilized in factoring of large interaction matrices (dimension of which is 104 - 105). Then the blocks of much lower size can be diagonalized using the desktop computers. To this end, the eigenvalues form the partition function Z(T,B) from which all thermodynamic properties, including the magnetization M(B,T0) and the magnetic susceptibility χ(T,B0), can be reconstructed. The matrix elements of the interaction operators in the coupled basis set of spin kets have been generated with the help of the irreducible tensor operators for a loop for S = Smin until S = Smax. In addition to the modelling of energy levels for different topologies, a fitting of magnetic data is exemplified by a number of examples like [Fe6] and [Mn3Cr4] systems
The effect of surface functional groups of nanosilica on the properties of polyamide 6/SiO2 nanocomposite
Authors: Xu Qijie , Chen Fangfei , Li Xiaohong , Zhang Zhijun 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of the surface functional groups of nanosilica on the interfacial, crystallization, and thermal stability of polyamide 6/SiO2 (PA6/SiO2) nanocomposite, in which nanosilica was modified in situ with both 3-triethoxysilylpropylamine and 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxy silane¬ (KH-550 and KH-570). The FTIR analysis results showed the chemical bonding action between the reacting amino groups of nanosilica and end carboxyl groups of polyamide 6 enhanced with increasing the ratio of KH-550 and KH-570. The XRD spectrum indicated that the crystal structure of PA6/SiO2 nanocomposites tended to form α crystal type that was beneficial to an improvement of mechanical properties, and which was in agreement with the results of mechanical strength measurements. It was also found that crystallization temperature and crystallization rate of PA6/SiO2 nanocomposites were lower than that of neat polyamide 6.
Monitoring of organophosphorus pesticides and remediation technologies of the frequently detected compound (chlorpyrifos) in drinking water
Authors: Derbalah Aly , Ismail Ahmed , Shaheen Sabry 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Studies on the currently used organophosphorus insecticides with respect to their environmental levels and effective remediation technologies for their residues in water have been considered as a source of major concern. This study was carried out to monitor the presence of organophosphorus in drinking water plants (Kafr-El-Shiekh, Ebshan, Elhamoul, Mehalt Aboali, Fowa, Balteem and Metobess) in Kafr-El-Shiekh Governorate, Egypt. Furthermore, it was carried out to evaluate the efficiency of different remediation technologies (advanced oxidation processes and bioremediation) for removing chlorpyrifos in drinking water. The results showed the presence of several organophosphorus pesticides in water sampling sites. Chlorpyrifos was detected with high frequency relative to other compounds in drinking water. Nano photo-Fenton like reagent (Fe2O3(nano)/H2O2/UV) was the most effective treatment for chlorpyrifos removal in drinking water followed by ZnO(nano)/H2O2/UV, Fe3+/H2O2/UV and ZnO/H2O2/ UV, respectively. Bioremediation of chlorpyrifos by effective microorganisms (EMs) removed 100% of the chlorpyrifos initial concentration after 23 days of treatment. There is no remaining toxicity in chlorpyrifos contaminated-water after remediation on treated rats with respect to cholinesterase activity and histological changes in kidney and liver relative to control. Advanced oxidation processes especially with nanomaterials and bioremediation with effective microorganisms can be regarded as safe and effective remediation technologies for chlorpyrifos in drinking water.
Esterification of fatty acids with C8-C9 alcohols over selected sulfonic heterogeneous catalysts
Authors: Nowicki Janusz , Mosio-Mosiewski Jan 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
A study on the synthesis of esters of fatty acids of natural origin (oleic acid from rapeseed oil) and branched synthetic isostearic acid with commercially available alcohols C8-C9 i.e. 2-ethylhexanol (2-EH) and 3,5,5-trimethylhexanol (TMH) in the presence of selected heterogeneous catalysts containing active sulfonic groups has been made. The catalysts were obtained using ready available amorphous silicas with different textural characteristics. The influence of catalyst porosity on the catalytic properties in the esterification of fatty acids has been investigated. The effect of the synthesis temperature has also been studied. The results were compared with the results of esterification with the use of acidic ion exchange resins. It was shown that catalysts obtained on the basis of amorphous silicas are good and reusable catalysts for the esterification of fatty acids with higher alcohols
Doubtfulness – A Dialogical Perspective
Authors: Puchalska-Wasyl Małgorzata , Oleś Piotr 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The current globalizing world stimulates many doubts. Doubtfulness is a starting point for inner dialogue. Internal dialogical activity often reduces the experience of uncertainty by integration of contrasting ideas. Sometimes, however, the result is quite opposite - doubts grow rather than being reduced. The paper proposes a dialogical model of doubtfulness and presents empirical findings which are consistent with the model. Additionally, the functions of doubtfulness and internal dialogue in philosophy and science are discussed. On one hand, as empirical results show, doubtfulness can be linked to anxiety which blocks human thinking and acting. On the other hand, as exemplified by Galileo, doubt demands a deeper analysis of the situation and is conducive to human development, in personal or even in socio-cultural space.
“You Can Choose… Or We Would Go to ‘Turkeys’ or to Houses” – Verbal Interactions of Five-Year-Old Children During Story Creation
Authors: Smogorzewska Joanna 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The paper presents the results of an analysis of interactions which appeared during group storytelling. One of two methods was used for the storytelling: the Storyline method or the Associations Pyramid method. Seventy five-year-old children took part in the study. The results show that children are able to use different strategies to create a story together, the language and communication competence of the children is already well developed, and the children are ready for effective cooperation
Adaptation of The Western Aphasia Battery in Bangla
Authors: Keshree Nirnay Kumar , Kumar Suman , Basu Shriya , Chakrabarty Madhushree , Kishore Thomas 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Aphasia following an acquired neurological insult necessitates an in-depth evaluation of the primary and secondary language symptoms. Of all the tools available for aphasia diagnosis, the Western Aphasia Battery (WAB; Kertesz, 1982) has proved to be one of the most comprehensive test batteries for describing the aphasia symptom complex. Several authors have pointed out the need for language-specific tools for the assessment of aphasia. But in Bengali, the most prevalent language in eastern India, no formal language assessment tool was available to date. The present study adapted the original WAB in Bengali to give the Bengali WAB (B-WAB). The study was completed in three phases: development, standardization and validation of the B-WAB. The test material was developed preserving the total number of items, however minor changes were made wherever necessary so that it matched the sociolinguistic norms in this part of the country. It was standardized in a group of 150 normal individuals in five different age groups ranging from 18-70 years, and normative values were provided for each subtest for each group. For establishing validity, it was administered to 30 aphasic subjects and the results indicated that the B-WAB was a valid tool for testing individuals with aphasia.
The Perspectives And Roles of Renewable Energy Sources in the Economic Development of Peripheral Areas of Hungary
Authors: Nagy Adrienn , Kollár Kitti , Péli László 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The everyday use of renewable energy sources is necessary and indispensable in today’s modern world, partly because of the difficult handling of environmental problems caused by the increasing use of fossil energy sources, and partly because of the still increasing energy demand. Concerning alternative energy sources, Hungary has great potential in geothermal energy, which can mean a breakout especially for the peripheral, disadvantaged micro-regions while developing their future strategies. This was the motivation of our research. In our study, we intended to highlight the economic development perspectives of the Hungarian micro-regions lagging behind regarding the renewable energy potential.
Questionnaire to Identify Knee Symptoms: Development of a Tool to Identify Early Experiences Consistent With Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Clark Jessica M. , Chesworth Bert M. , Speechley Mark , Petrella Robert J. , Maly Monica R. 
Published: September 2013

BackgroundCurrent diagnostic procedures for knee osteoarthritis (OA) identify individuals late in the disease process. A questionnaire may be a useful and inexpensive method to screen for early symptoms of knee OA.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to develop a brief, self-administered questionnaire for clinical and research settings to identify emerging knee problems in people who could benefit from conservative interventions.DesignThis prospective study utilized a mixed-methods approach.Methods and ResultsQuestionnaire items were generated from interview data from individuals with emerging chronic knee problems. These items were reviewed by 16 rheumatology experts, resulting in a 35-item draft questionnaire. To reduce the number of items, questionnaires were mailed to 228 adults, aged 40 to 65 years, with evidence of ongoing knee problems. One hundred thirteen completed questionnaires were returned (63.1% response rate), with 105 usable questionnaires. Using principal components analysis, the number of items was reduced to a final 13-item version, the Questionnaire to Identify Knee Symptoms (QuIKS). The QuIKS has 4 subscales: medications, monitoring, interpreting, and modifying. The QuIKS demonstrated strong internal consistency.LimitationsA sampling bias among respondents who provided data for item reduction likely means that the QuIKS reflects those who self-report knee problems to a health care provider, which may not be generalizable to the population.ConclusionsThe QuIKS is a short, self-administered questionnaire used to promote activity by identifying the experiences associated with early symptoms consistent with knee OA, such as monitoring intermittent symptoms, interpreting the meaning of these symptoms, modifying behaviors, and including the use of medications. If future work validates the QuIKS, its use in developing samples could expand our understanding of early disease and improve interventions.
Stoffliche versus energetische Nutzung von Holz – wohin geht die Reise? (Essay)
Authors: Lehner Ludwig 
Published: September 2013

Material or energy use for wood: which way forward? (Essay)
Wood as a renewable raw material plays an increasing role in the debate about developing renewable energies. Energy use of wood is often in competition with material use. In 2010, in Germany, for the first time more wood was used for energy than as raw material. Rising demand for energy wood is leading to steeply upward price trends for all wood assortments put on the market. In this respect, Germany is not alone. By 2020, in Europe the average share of renewable energies in primary energy consumption should reach 20%. Higher demand for wood biomass from European forests will pose major challenges for countries. One way of covering the rising demand for wood is imports from other continents. European energy companies are constructing pellet plants overseas and transporting the pellets to be burnt as biomass in Europe. In the final analysis, whether to follow the energy or the raw material path for wood in the medium to long term is a choice for society as a whole. However, increased energy use of wood does not necessarily lead to the elimination of traditional material uses. It can also be a bridge for new processes and products to enter the markets. Wood has much potential which has not yet been developed. A new definition of the value chain for wood offers the possibility to unite the ecological and economic approaches and brings the vision of a sustainable society one step nearer.
European Forest Sector Outlook Study II: Switzerland in the European context
Authors: Schelhaas Mart-Jan 
Published: September 2013

European Forest Sector Outlook Study II: Switzerland in the European context
The European Forest Sector Outlook Study II (EFSOS II) is the latest in a series of outlook studies by United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), providing an outlook for the European forest sector for the period 2010–2030. The study is structured around a reference scenario and four policy scenarios, implemented in a set of mathematical models. The paper summarises the methodology and main outcomes for Central Europe, discusses specific Swiss aspects, the usefulness of such outlook results at the national level and possible future improvements. The picture for Switzerland is one broadly characterised by opportunities, facilitated by a favourable starting point with regard to the forest resources and increasing demand in the surrounding countries. However, a preliminary comparison with national supply scenarios reveals some important differences with regard to increment and mortality and thus possibilities for increased supply. The time between successive new studies should therefore be used to update the underlying data sources, make comparisons to national studies and improve understanding of the models, all in close cooperation with the countries.
Area of cartilage accessible to curettage for subsequent arthrodesis of the equine proximal interphalangeal joint
Authors: Berchtold S. , Kuemmerle J. M. 
Published: September 2013

SummaryThis study compared the areas of cartilage accessible for curettage in arthrodesis of the equine proximal interphalangeal joint using the conventional and collateral ligament sparing approaches. For this purpose, forelimbs and hindlimbs of six equine cadavers without radiographic evidence of proximal interphalangeal joint disease were used. One limb of each pair of limbs was randomly assigned to a dissection using a standard approach to the proximal interphalangeal joint including transection of the collateral ligaments, while each contralateral limb was exposed using the same approach but leaving the collateral ligaments intact. Hohmann retractors and Spratt curettes were then used to remove as much articular cartilage as possible. Finally, proximal interphalangeal joints were photographed and image analysis was performed.Using the collateral ligament sparing procedure, the mean percentage of articular cartilage surface removed (41.2%) was significantly less than using the conventional procedure (79.6%) (p <0.01). The difference between forelimbs and hindlimbs was not significant.
Combined Z-plasty and phalangeal fillet for reconstruction of a large carpal defect following ablative oncologic sur gery
Authors: Renwick M. G. , Yool D. A. , Cantatore M. 
Published: September 2013

SummaryA six-year-old Labrador Retriever was presented for management of a 2 x 2 cm cutaneous mass over the dorsal aspect of the carpus. A fine needle aspirate performed by the referring veterinarian was consistent with a mast cell tumour. The ipsilateral prescapular lymph node was enlarged. Preoperative staging did not reveal any evidence of metastasis. Wide excision of the mass and prescapular lymphadenectomy were performed. The large carpal wound was reconstructed using a combination of Z-plasty and phalangeal fillet using the first digit (dewclaw); about 20% of the original defect was allowed to heal by second intention. Histopathology was consistent with a grade II mast cell tumour with metastatic spread to the lymph node. Vinblastine and prednisolone adjuvant chemotherapy was instituted. Functional and cosmetic outcome were good; only a small 1cm area of alopecia persisted. The dog was disease-free 53 months after surgery. A combination of Z-plasty and a phalangeal fillet using the first digit was a successful treatment to reconstruct a large wound over the dorsal aspect of the carpus in this case.
Extrafloral nectaries in neotropical Gentianaceae: Occurrence, distribution patterns, and anatomical characterization
Authors: Dalvi Valdnéa Casagrande , Meira Renata Maria Strozi Alves , Azevedo Aristéa Alves 
Published: September 2013

• Premise of the study: Extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) are structures that secrete nectar and protect plants against herbivores and pathogens. In Gentianaceae, these structures have been described in species of Calolisianthus, Fagraea, and Anthocleista and are important morphological markers for taxonomic and phylogenetic studies. To establish a foundation for further studies, we investigated the occurrence, distribution patterns, and anatomy of EFNs on leaves of 27 species belonging to 13 genera and three tribes of neotropical Gentianaceae.• Methods: Leaf samples were diaphanized, stained with basic fuchsin, and mounted in glycerinated gelatin. Cross sections were obtained from material embedded in methacrylate or paraffin, stained, and mounted in Permount. Polysaccharides were histochemically stained with periodic acid–Schiff stain. Samples were also examined with scanning electron microscopy.• Key results: Unusual EFNs, visible only with light microscopy, were formed of modified epidermal cells. Each EFN consisted of 2–5 secretory cells encircling a central cell. The EFNs varied in size and in the shape and arrangement of the adjacent cells surrounding the secretory cells. EFNs occurred in all analyzed species as isolated units distributed throughout the leaf blade or as aggregates; aggregates were generally visible to the naked eye. Based on their occurrence as aggregates or isolated units and on their location on the leaf blade, six distribution patterns were identified.• Conclusions: This is the first comprehensive study of EFNs on the leaves of neotropical Gentianaceae. The data suggested that NEFs evolved from isolated units for NEFs in aggregates. The results represent a new source of data for future ecological, systematic, and phylogenetic studies in Gentianaceae.
Symbiotic arthropods from the house sparrow (Passer domesticus, Aves: Passeridae) from two locations in Alberta, Canada
Authors: Byers Kaylee , Proctor Heather 
Published: September 2013

AbstractHouse sparrows (Passer domesticus(Linnaeus), Aves: Passeridae) were introduced into eastern North America in the mid 1800s and have been expanding their range since then. We collected sparrows from two sites in Alberta, Canada (Edmonton: 58 birds; Onefour: 13 birds), and compared symbiont richness and prevalence between them and between Alberta and two states in the United States of America. We found 17 species of symbionts: 13 mites, three insects, and one trematode. Richness of symbionts in Alberta was very similar to that in the United States of America sites. The most striking difference was absence of the feather miteProctophyllodes troncatusRobin (Acari: Proctophyllodidae) on sampled hosts in Alberta.
Assessing Students' Transition from Community College to a Four-Year Institution
Authors: Chrystal Lora Leigh , Gansemer-Topf Ann , Laanan Frankie Santos 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Many four-year institutions are experiencing increasing enrollment of students transferring from two-year institutions. While many institutions collect quantitative data that illustrate enrollment, retention, and graduation rates of transfer students, little is known about the transfer-student transition experience. For this qualitative assessment, 22 traditional-age students who transferred from a two-year community college to a four-year institution were interviewed. Specifically, this assessment looked at reasons why students first enrolled at the community college, the mechanics of the transfer process, and academic and social integration. Student responses provide insight into how institutions can better support the transition and success of transfer students
The Chop: The Diffusion of an Instrumental Technique across North Atlantic Fiddling Traditions
Authors: Risk Laura 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The "chop" is a percussive string instrument technique pioneered by bluegrass fiddler Richard Greene in the 1960s and adopted into contemporary string styles by Darol Anger in the 1980s. This article traces the diffusion of the chop through a number of North Atlantic fiddling traditions in the 1990s and 2000s. It also considers the circumstances and implications of musicians’ decisions to adopt, adapt, or reject the chop. Drawing on both sociological research on the diffusion of innovations and genre theory, this article demonstrates that the diffusion trajectory of a musical innovation depends on the innovation itself, on the sites of transmission, and on the interplay of the lived and imagined musical worlds within which musicians play, work, and study. It concludes by suggesting that, when studying North Atlantic fiddling, both regional divisions and generational trends should be taken into consideration.