bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intelligent system design for bionanorobots in drug delivery
Authors: Fletcher Mark , Biglarbegian Mohammad , Neethirajan Suresh 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
A nanorobot is defined as any smart structure which is capable of actuation, sensing, manipulation, intelligence, and swarm behavior at the nanoscale. In this study, we designed an intelligent system using fuzzy logic for diagnosis and treatment of tumors inside the human body using bionanorobots. We utilize fuzzy logic and a combination of thermal, magnetic, optical, and chemical nanosensors to interpret the uncertainty associated with the sensory information. Two different fuzzy logic structures, for diagnosis (Mamdani structure) and for cure (Takagi–Sugeno structure), were developed to efficiently identify the tumors and treat them through delivery of effective dosages of a drug. Validation of the designed system with simulated conditions proved that the drug delivery of bionanorobots was robust to reasonable noise that may occur in the bionanorobot sensors during navigation, diagnosis, and curing of the cancer cells. Bionanorobots represent a great hope for successful cancer therapy in the near future.
The evolution of agile software development in Brazil
Authors: de O. Melo Claudia , Santos Viviane , Katayama Eduardo , Corbucci Hugo , Prikladnicki Rafael , Goldman Alfredo , Kon Fabio 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Agile software development methods have been increasingly adopted worldwide and became one of the mainstream software development approaches. Agile methods have also had an impact on software engineering education with universities adapting their courses to accommodate this new form of software development. Software engineering research has tried to evaluate the impact of agile methods in industrial projects and discover in which situations it is beneficial to apply such methods. However, there are almost no studies focusing on the progress of the agile movement in Brazil. In this paper, we present an overview of the evolution of the agile movement in Brazil, outlining the history of its first advocates in academia and industry. We describe existing educational initiatives, discuss the impact of the agile development on the national research, and present a report on the agile state-of-the-practice in the Brazilian IT industry.
Regional differences in myelination of chick vestibulocochlear ganglion cells
Authors: Sun Ying‐Jie , Kobayashi Hiroto , Yoshida Saori , Shirasawa Nobuyuki , Naito Akira 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIn vertebrates, vestibular and cochlear ganglion (VG and CG, respectively) cells are bipolar neurons with myelinated axons and perikarya. The time course of the myelination of the VG and CG cells during development of chick embryos was investigated. Chick VG and CG from embryonic day at 7–20 (E7–20) were prepared for a transmission electron microscopy, myelin basic protein immunohistochemistry, and real‐time quantitative RT‐PCR. In the VG cells, myelination was first observed on the peripheral axons of the ampullar nerves at E10, on the utricular and saccular nerves at E12, and on the lagenar and neglecta nerves at E13. In the VG central axons, myelination was first seen on the ampullar nerves at E11, on the utricular and saccular nerves at E13, and on the lagenar nerves at E13. In the CG cells, the myelination was first observed on the peripheral and central axons at E14. In both VG and CG, myelination was observed on the perikarya at E17. These results suggest that the onset of the axonal myelination on the VG cells occurred earlier than that on the CG cells, whereas the perikaryal myelination occurred at about the same time on the both types of ganglion cells. Moreover, the myelination on the ampullar nerves occurred earlier than that on the utricular and saccular nerves. The myelination on the peripheral axons occurred earlier than that on the central axons of the VG cells, whereas that on the central and peripheral axons of the CG cells occurred at about the same time. The regional differences in myelination in relation to the onset of functional activities in the VG and CG cells are discussed.
Association between delivery of a small‐for‐gestational‐age neonate and long‐term maternal cardiovascular morbidity
Authors: Pariente Gali , Sheiner Eyal , Kessous Roy , Michael Sherf , Shoham‐Vardi Ilana 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate whether delivering a small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) newborn is a risk factor for subsequent long‐term maternal cardiovascular morbidity.MethodsData were analyzed from consecutive pregnant women who delivered at Soroka University Medical Center, Beer‐Sheva, Israel, between 1988 and 1999, and were followed‐up retrospectively until 2010. Long‐term cardiovascular morbidity was compared among women with and without SGA neonates.ResultsDuring the study period, 47 612 deliveries met the inclusion criteria, and 4411 (9.3%) women delivered an SGA neonate. Delivery of an SGA neonate was a risk factor for long‐term complex cardiovascular events, including congestive heart failure, hypertensive heart and kidney disease, and acute cor pulmonale (odds ratio [OR], 2.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3–4.4; P = 0.006); and long‐term cardiovascular mortality (OR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.5–7.6; P = 0.006). Women who delivered an SGA neonate had a significantly higher risk for cardiovascular mortality during the follow‐up period (Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, P = 0.002). Delivery of an SGA neonate remained an independent risk factor for long‐term maternal cardiovascular mortality (Cox multivariable regression: adjusted hazard ratio, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.5–8.2; P = 0.004).ConclusionDelivery of an SGA neonate is an independent risk factor for long‐term cardiovascular morbidity in a follow‐up period of more than 10 years.
Clinical Effects and Antivenom Use for Snake Bite Victims Treated at Three US Hospitals in Afghanistan
Authors: Heiner Jason D. , Bebarta Vikhyat S. , Varney Shawn M. , Bothwell Jason D. , Cronin Aaron J. 
Published: July 2013

Objective Annually, more than 100,000 US and international military and civilian personnel work in Afghanistan within terrain harboring venomous snakes. Current literature insufficiently supports Afghan antivenom treatment and stocking guidelines. We report the clinical course and treatments for snakebite victims presenting to US military hospitals in Afghanistan. Methods All snakebite victims presenting to 3 US military emergency departments between July 2010 and August 2011 in northern and southern Afghanistan were examined via chart review. Case information included patient demographics, snake description, bite details and complications, laboratory results, antivenom use and adverse effects, procedures performed, and hospital course. Results Of 17 cases, median patient age was 20 years (interquartile range [IQR], 12–30), 16 were male, and 82% were Afghans. All bites were to an extremity, and median time to care was 2.8 hours (IQR, 2–5.8). On arrival, 8 had tachycardia and none had hypotension or hypoxia. A viper was implicated in 5 cases. Ten cases received at least 1 dose of polyvalent antivenom, most commonly for coagulopathy, without adverse effects. Six received additional antivenom, 6 had an international normalized ratio (INR) > 10, and none developed delayed coagulopathy. Three received blood transfusions. Hospital stay ranged from 1 to 4 days. None required vasopressors, fasciotomy, or other surgery, and none died. All had resolution of marked coagulopathies and improved swelling and pain on discharge. Conclusions We report the largest series of snake envenomations treated by US physicians in Afghanistan. Antivenom was tolerated well with improvement of coagulopathy and symptoms. All patients survived with minimal advanced interventions other than blood transfusion.
The primary instability of falling films in the presence of soluble surfactants
Authors: Karapetsas George , Bontozoglou Vasilis 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe investigate the linear stability of a film flowing down a solid substrate in the presence of soluble surfactants. The Navier–Stokes equations for the liquid motion are considered, together with advection–diffusion equations for the concentrations of the species involved, which include monomers dissolved in the bulk and adsorbed at the liquid–air and at the liquid–substrate interfaces. The adsorption–desorption kinetics of the surfactant at both interfaces is explicitly accounted for. An Orr–Sommerfeld eigenvalue problem is formulated, and solved analytically in the limit of long-wave disturbances and numerically for arbitrary wavelength using a finite element method. An extensive parametric study is performed to reveal the role of surfactant solubility and adsorption–desorption kinetics. The results quantify the stabilizing effect of soluble surfactants due to the presence of Marangoni stresses, and indicate that moderately soluble surfactants may be more effective than insoluble ones. Disturbances of finite wavelength are stabilized by more than an order of magnitude, and their detailed behaviour depends in a non-monotonic way on the amount of surfactant and on its solubility and kinetics. The above predictions provide insights for the interpretation of recent experimental findings on the primary instability and on the ensuing unstable dynamics of liquid films doped with soluble surfactants.
Ezekiel's Awkward God: Atheism, Idolatry and theVia Negativa
Authors: Mein Andrew 
Published: July 2013

AbstractCan a biblical text be idolatrous? Ezekiel's God has always been theologically awkward and difficult to handle. For early Jewish and Christian readers of the book the most troublesome (and indeed dangerous) parts of the text were the prophet's initial vision of the divine glory and its subsequent reappearances. Voltaire was perplexed and revolted by God's command that Ezekiel eat bread cooked with dung.1For some twentieth-century Protestant commentators, Ezekiel's God is altogether too concerned with ritual at the expense of ethics.2But for contemporary readers it is the unrelenting harshness, violence and especially masculinity of Ezekiel'sYhwhwhich proves most problematic. My aim in this article is to examine some of the theological implications of this divine awkwardness. In what follows I will attempt three things. First, I will offer a brief examination of the problems Ezekiel's God poses and a few recent Christian responses. Second, I will outline Roland Boer's proposal that Ezekiel 20 (along with 16 and 23) tends towards a kind of ‘anti-Yahwism’ or ‘protest atheism’: a vision of God so appalling as to be impossible to accept. Finally, I will explore the value for theological interpretation of taking seriously such an apparently unpromising conclusion, and suggest that the apophatic tradition may provide resources for embracing such radical negativity within scripture.
S-nitrosylation regulates mitochondrial quality control via activation of parkin
Authors: Ozawa Kentaro , Komatsubara Akira T. , Nishimura Yuhei , Sawada Tomoyo , Kawafune Hiroto , Tsumoto Hiroki , Tsuji Yuichi , Zhao Jing , Kyotani Yoji , Tanaka Toshio , Takahashi Ryosuke , Yoshizumi Masanori 
Published: July 2013

AbstractParkin, a ubiquitin E3 ligase of the ring between ring fingers family, has been implicated in mitochondrial quality control. A series of recent reports have suggested that the recruitment of parkin is regulated by phosphorylation. However, the molecular mechanism that activates parkin to induce mitochondrial degradation is not well understood. Here and in contrast to previous reports that S-nitrosylation of parkin is exclusively inhibitory, we identify a previously unrecognized site of S-nitrosylation in parkin (Cys323) that induces mitochondrial degradation. We demonstrate that endogenous S-nitrosylation of parkin is in fact responsible for activation of its E3 ligase activity to induce aggregation and degradation. We further demonstrate that mitochondrial uncoupling agents result in denitrosylation of parkin and that prevention of denitrosylation restores mitochondrial degradation. Our data indicates that NO both positive effects on mitochondrial quality control and suggest that targeted S-nitrosylation could provide a novel therapeutic strategy against Parkinson's disease.
Delivering and phenotyping mouse models for the respiratory community: a report on the Biochemical Society Workshop
Authors: Dean Charlotte , Bingle Colin , Hind Matthew 
Published: July 2013

The IMPC (International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium) was launched recently, and its aim is to develop and phenotype mouse knockouts of 4000 genes over the next 5 years and, ultimately, of all 20000 or so genes in the mouse genome. As part of the IMPC, the MRC (Medical Research Council) also launched a call for MRC mouse networks, where groups of U.K.-based researchers could form a consortium based around a particular area of research. Members of the respiratory research community formed the RDDRC (Respiratory Development and Disease Research Consortium) to consolidate and develop respiratory phenotyping methods suitable for high-throughput screening. This paper, arising from a Biochemical Society workshop held in London in 2012, highlights the purposes of the RDDRC and the needs of the respiratory research community.
High isolation dual‐port MIMO antenna
Authors: Li W.W. , Zhang B. , Zhou J.H. , You B.Q. 
Published: July 2013

A compact dual‐port multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna is proposed for 2.4 GHz wireless local area network systems. The radiation element consists of a monopole and a patch ring with two cuts, through which a coplanar waveguide port and a slotline port are constructed. The current distributions of the proposed antenna for both ports excited are simulated and analysed, respectively. According to the measurement results of the manufactured antenna prototype, the isolation between these two ports over the operating frequencies is better than –35 dB and the cross‐polarisation radiation levels are less than –45 dB at the main direction. Finally, the proposed antenna has excellent isolation not only at the feed ports, but also in the radiation patterns.
Film bulk acoustic biosensor for detection of trace pesticide residues in agricultural products
Authors: Chen D. , Wang J.J. , Xu Y. , Liu W.H. , Wang P. 
Published: July 2013

A highly sensitive, rapid and convenient biosensor based on film bulk acoustic resonator has been developed for detection of pesticide residues in agricultural products. When the pesticide molecules are bound to the immobilised antibodies on the resonator sensing surface, the resonant frequency is obviously reduced because of additional mass. Trace pesticide in the solutions was detected through real‐time monitoring of the resonant frequency during antigen–antibody reactions on the resonator surface. Using the proposed biosensor, realised is a convenient and rapid detection process (less than 1 min) and a remarkable low detection limit (ppb level) for the pesticide. On the basis of the sensing performances, the film bulk acoustic resonator shows promising applications for food safety guarantees.
Polarisation‐sensitive sub‐terahertz‐wave detector implementing antenna‐integrated zero‐bias Schottky barrier diode
Authors: Ito H. , Yoshimatsu T. , Yamamoto H. , Ishibashi T. 
Published: July 2013

A polarisation‐sensitive sub‐terahertz‐wave detector has been developed by integrating an InP/InGaAsP Schottky barrier diode and a modified bowtie antenna. The fabricated quasi‐optical module could detect signals at frequencies ranging from 30 GHz to 1 THz. The measured sensitivities were 1080 V/W at 250 GHz, 250 V/W at 400 GHz and 86 V/W at 600 GHz for a zero‐bias condition. The principal polarisation axis angle for signal detection was confirmed to be stable within ±1.5° in a frequency ranging from 80 to 600 GHz, while the degree of polarisation was more than 95%.
Atg29 phosphorylation regulates coordination of the Atg17-Atg31-Atg29 complex with the Atg11 scaffold during autophagy initiation
Authors: Mao Kai , Chew Leon H. , Inoue-Aono Yuko , Cheong Heesun , Nair Usha , Popelka Hana , Yip Calvin K. , Klionsky Daniel J. 
Published: July 2013

Significance
In eukaryotes, the Atg1 kinase complex controls both autophagy induction and the recruitment of other autophagy proteins to the phagophore assembly site (PAS); however, it remains unclear how the Atg1 kinase complex itself is targeted to the PAS or regulated. In this study, we showed that the Atg17-Atg31-Atg29 complex displayed an elongated S-shaped structure, and the interaction of this complex with Atg11 was essential for recruiting the intact Atg1 kinase complex. The phosphorylation of Atg29 is the “switch” controlling the interaction, as it is required for both binding to Atg11 and the PAS targeting of the Atg17-Atg31-Atg29 complex.
Incidence Trends in Pathogen-Specific Central Line–Associated Bloodstream Infections in US Intensive Care Units, 1990–2010
Authors: Fagan Ryan P. , Edwards Jonathan R. , Park Benjamin J. , Fridkin Scott K. , Magill Shelley S. 
Published: July 2013

Objective.To quantify historical trends in rates of central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) in US intensive care units (ICUs) caused by major pathogen groups, includingCandidaspp.,Enterococcusspp., specified gram-negative rods, andStaphylococcus aureus.Design.Active surveillance in a cohort of participating ICUs through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance system during 1990–2004, and the National Healthcare Safety Network during 2006–2010.Setting.ICUS.Participants.Patients who were admitted to participating ICUs.Results.The CLABSI incidence density rate forS. aureusdecreased annually starting in 2002 and remained lower than for other pathogen groups. Since 2006, the annual decrease forS. aureusCLABSIs in nonpediatric ICU types was −18.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], −20.8% to −15.8%), whereas the incidence density rate forS. aureusamong pediatric ICUs did not change. The annual decrease for all ICUs combined since 2006 was −17.8% (95% CI, −19.4% to −16.1%) forEnterococcusspp., −16.4% (95% CI, −18.2% to −14.7%) for gram-negative rods, and −13.5% (95% CI, −15.4% to −11.5%) forCandidaspp.Conclusions.Patterns of ICU CLABSI incidence density rates among major pathogen groups have changed considerably during recent decades. CLABSI incidence declined steeply since 2006, except for CLABSI due toS. aureusin pediatric ICUs. There is a need to better understand CLABSIs that still do occur, on the basis of microbiological and patient characteristics. New prevention approaches may be needed in addition to central line insertion and maintenance practices.
RACER: Rapid and accurate correction of errors in reads
Authors: Ilie Lucian , Molnar Michael 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Motivation: High-throughput next-generation sequencing technologies enable increasingly fast and affordable sequencing of genomes and transcriptomes, with a broad range of applications. The quality of the sequencing data is crucial for all applications. A significant portion of the data produced contains errors, and ever more efficient error correction programs are needed.
Results: We propose RACER (Rapid and Accurate Correction of Errors in Reads), a new software program for correcting errors in sequencing data. RACER has better error-correcting performance than existing programs, is faster and requires less memory. To support our claims, we performed extensive comparison with the existing leading programs on a variety of real datasets.
Availability: RACER is freely available for non-commercial use at www.csd.uwo.ca/∼ilie/RACER/.
Contact: ilie@csd.uwo.ca
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
First Report of Rice yellow mottle virus on Rice in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Hubert J. G. , Pinel-Galzi A. , Dibwe D. , Cinyabuguma E. , Kaboré A. , Fargette D. , Silué D. , Hébrard E. , Séré Y. 
Published: July 2013

Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV), genus Sobemovirus, is a widespread rice pathogen reported in nearly all rice-growing countries of Africa. Although the virus was detected in Cameroon, Chad, Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi, and Uganda (2,3), RYMV has never been described in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). In July 2012, plants with leaf yellowing and mottling symptoms were observed in large irrigated rice production schemes 30 km south of Bukavu, in eastern DRC, and in lowland subsistence fields in the surroundings of Bukavu. Several dozen hectares affected by the disease were abandoned by the farmers. Symptomatic leaf samples were collected in different farmer fields. Back-inoculations to susceptible rice variety IR64 resulted in the same yellowing and mottling symptoms 7 to 9 days post-inoculation. Infected leaves gave positive results using double antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA tests with polyclonal antisera (as described in [1]), indicating for the first time the presence of RYMV in DRC. Triple antibody sandwich (TAS)-ELISA tests with discriminant monoclonal antibodies (1) revealed that they all belong to serotype 4 found in the neighboring region in Rwanda. Total RNA of three samples from South Kivu was extracted with the RNeasy Plant Mini kit (Qiagen, Germany). The 720 nucleotide coat protein (CP) gene was amplified by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR with primers 5′CTCCCCCACCCATCCCGAGAATT3′ and 5′CAAAGATGGCCAGGAA3′ (1). The sequences were deposited in GenBank (Accessions KC788208, KC788209, and KC788210). A set of CP sequences of 45 isolates representative of the RYMV diversity in Africa, including the sequences of the DRC samples, were used for phylogenetic reconstruction by maximum-likelihood method. The isolates from South Kivu belonged to strain S4-lv, mainly found around Lake Victoria. Specifically, within the S4-lv strain, the South Kivu isolates clustered with isolates from eastern and southern provinces of Rwanda and Burundi, respectively (2), suggesting a recent spread from these countries. Recently, efforts have been directed to shift from the traditional upland system to lowland and irrigated systems in which water availability allows sequential planting and maintenance of higher crop intensity. This agricultural change may increase insect vectors and alternate host plant populations which may result in higher RYMV incidence in DRC (3). Similar yellowing and mottling symptoms have been observed in Bas-Congo and Equateur provinces of the country, which would justify further surveys and characterisation of RYMV in the DRC. References: (1) D. Fargette et al. Arch. Virol. 147:583, 2002. (2) I. Ndikumana et al. Plant Dis. 96:1230, 2012. (3) O. Traoré et al. Mol. Ecol. 14:2097, 2005.