bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Professionals Experience Complexity: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis
Authors: Hood Rick 
Published: December 2014

This paper reports on doctoral research carried out in the UK into the experience of complexity in child protection work. The study explored what complexity meant for practitioners, and examined its significance for interprofessional working. A qualitative, case‐based approach was adopted, drawing on the experiences of 17 practitioners working on two separate child protection cases. Participants were from a range of agencies, including children's social care, education, youth offending and child/adolescent mental health. Two rounds of semi‐structured interviews were carried out over a period of four months. Interview transcripts were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis, a research methodology derived from qualitative psychology. The findings revealed complexity to be a multifaceted phenomenon, driven by the dynamics of cause and effect in open social systems. Practitioners' perception of unpredictability and volatility in these cases fed into various aspects of collaborative work: the experience of relationships, the process of assessment, efforts at intervention and concerns about risk. The paper concludes by exploring some implications for policy and practice in terms of how interprofessional networks are set up to manage the needs of vulnerable children and families. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.‘A qualitative, case‐based approach was adopted’Key Practitioner Messages

Complexity makes it hard for practitioners to understand cause and effect, predict outcomes and control the course of events.
To manage complexity, the team around the child may need to operate as a strategic unit rather than a collection of tactical interventions.
When complex cases become ‘stuck’, professional networks may need additional support and consultation from specialist agencies.
‘Complexity makes it hard for practitioners to understand cause and effect, predict outcomes and control the course of events’
Comparative Analysis of Antioxidant Activities of Fourteen Mentha Essential Oils and Their Components
Authors: Sitzmann Judith , Habegger Ruth , Schnitzler Wilfried H. , Grassmann Johanna 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe essential oils of 14 species and hybrids, respectively, of the genus Mentha were examined for their antioxidant capacity in the ABTS (2,2′‐azinobis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid)) assay and in a lipid‐peroxidation (LPO) assay. The ABTS.+‐scavenging capacity of pure essential‐oil components and mixtures of them was also tested. In both assays, Mentha×dumetorum (classification not fully confirmed), Mentha suaveolens, and Mentha×villosa (classification not fully confirmed) showed the highest antioxidant capacity, which was ascribed to the components germacrene D, piperitone oxide, and piperitenone oxide. The high antioxidant activity in the LPO assay of the two hybrids Mentha×gracilis and, to a lower degree, of Mentha×dalmatica (classification not fully confirmed) was ascribed to their high contents of cis‐ocimene and β‐caryophyllene. Of the pure components tested (germacrene D, piperitone oxide, and piperitenone oxide were not tested, as not commercially available), only cis‐ocimene showed a distinct antioxidant effect, whereas dihydrocarvone and linalool had pro‐oxidant effects in the ABTS assay.
Cochlioquinone Derivatives with Apoptosis‐Inducing Effects on HCT116 Colon Cancer Cells from the Phytopathogenic Fungus Bipolaris luttrellii L439
Authors: Qi Qiu‐Yue , Huang Li , He Lu‐Wei , Han Jun‐Jie , Chen Quan , Cai Lei , Liu Hong‐Wei 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA new cochlioquinone derivative, cochlioquinone F (1), as well as three known compounds, anhydrocochlioquinone A (2), isocochlioquinone A (3), and isocochlioquinone C (4), were isolated from the PDB (potato dextrose broth) culture of the phytopathogenic fungus Bipolaris luttrellii. The structure of 1 was elucidated on the basis of NMR techniques. The apoptosis‐inducing effects of compounds 1–4 were evaluated against HCT116 cancer cells. Compound 2 exhibited the strongest activity in inducing apoptosis on HCT116 cells within the range of 10–30 μM. In addition, the caspase activation, the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, and the downregulation of Bcl‐2 protein in HCT116 cells treated with compound 2 were detected.
Determination of Ursolic and Oleanolic Acid in Sambuci Fructus
Authors: Gleńsk Michał , Gliński Jan A. , Włodarczyk Maciej , Stefanowicz Piotr 
Published: December 2014

AbstractElderberries are used in the preparation of pie, jelly, punch, wine, or liqueur, as well as in many herbal remedies and food supplements. Elderberry products may provide diaphoretic, diuretic, antioxidant, and immunostimulant activities that offer protection against cold and flu. Herein, we report for the first time the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of two isomeric triterpenoids isolated from Sambuci fructus. The analysis revealed that ursolic acid and oleanolic acid are present in Sambuci fructus. The average concentration of ursolic acid was ca. three times higher than the concentration of oleanolic acid. The triterpenoids were detected and quantified using chromatographic methods such as TLC and HPLC. Spectroscopic techniques, including HR‐MS and 2D‐NMR, allowed unequivocal structure determination.
New Catalyst Series from the Sol–Gel‐Entrapment of Gold Nanoparticles in Organically Modified Silica Matrices: Proof of Performance in a Model Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Ciriminna Rosaria , Fidalgo Alexandra , Pandarus Valerica , Béland François , Ilharco Laura M. , Pagliaro Mario 
Published: December 2014

AbstractGold nanoparticles were sol–gel‐entrapped in the mesoporous structure of organically modified silica matrices, and the resulting SiliaCat Au materials were tested as oxidation catalysts in the model reaction of 1‐phenylethanol with hydrogen peroxide. The new materials were characterized by electronic microscopy, IR spectroscopy, and cryogenic N2 sorption. The results point to conclusions of general validity that allow us to advance towards the practical use of supported gold nanoparticles in a number of applications.
Minor splicing snRNAs are enriched in the developing mouse CNS and are crucial for survival of differentiating retinal neurons
Authors: Baumgartner Marybeth , Lemoine Christopher , Al Seesi Sahar , Karunakaran Devi Krishna Priya , Sturrock Nikita , Banday Abdul Rouf , Kilcollins Ashley M , Mandoiu Ion , Kanadia Rahul N 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTIn eukaryotes, gene expression requires splicing, which starts with the identification of exon‐intron boundaries by the small, nuclear RNA (snRNAs) of the spliceosome, aided by associated proteins. In the mammalian genome, <1% of introns lack canonical exon‐intron boundary sequences and cannot be spliced by the canonical splicing machinery. These introns are spliced by the minor spliceosome, consisting of unique snRNAs (U11, U12, U4atac, and U6atac). The importance of the minor spliceosome is underscored by the disease microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type 1 (MOPD1), which is caused by mutation in U4atac. Thus, it is important to understand the expression and function of the minor spliceosome and its targets in mammalian development, for which we used the mouse as our model. Here, we report enrichment of the minor snRNAs in the developing head/central nervous system (CNS) between E9.5 and E12.5, along with enrichment of these snRNAs in differentiating retinal neurons. Moreover, dynamic expression kinetics of minor intron‐containing genes (MIGs) was observed across retinal development. DAVID analysis of MIGs that were cotranscriptionally upregulated embryonically revealed enrichment for RNA metabolism and cell cycle regulation. In contrast, MIGs that were cotranscriptionally upregulated postnatally revealed enrichment for protein localization/transport, vesicle‐mediated transport, and calcium transport. Finally, we used U12 morpholino to inactivate the minor spliceosome in the postnatal retina, which resulted in apoptosis of differentiating retinal neurons. Taken together, our data suggest that the minor spliceosome may have distinct functions in embryonic versus postnatal development. Importantly, we show that the minor spliceosome is crucial for the survival of terminally differentiating retinal neurons. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 75: 895–907, 2015
Synthesis, Structure, and Luminescence of Rare Earth Cyanurates
Authors: Kalmutzki Markus , Ströbele Markus , Enseling David , Jüstel Thomas , Meyer H.‐Jürgen 
Published: December 2014

AbstractRare earth cyanurates were prepared by exothermic solid‐state metathesis reactions of appropriate proportions of A(OCN) (A = K, Rb, Cs) and RECl3 (RE = La, Ce, Pr) at 500 °C. A DTA study of this mixture revealed the reaction to occur around 450 °C. The crystal structure of RbLa2Cl(O3C3N3)2 was refined from a powder X‐ray diffraction pattern. Homologous ARE2Cl(O3C3N3)2 compounds with A = K, Rb, Cs and RE = La, Ce, Pr were indexed isotypically. Photoluminescence and reflection properties of doped samples and an infrared study are reported.
A novel source of dihomo‐γ‐linolenic acid: Possibilities and limitations of DGLA production in the high‐density cultures of the Δ5 desaturase‐mutant microalga Lobosphaera incisa
Authors: Abu‐Ghosh Said , Pal‐Nath Dipasmita , Markovitch Dana , Solovchenko Alexei , Didi‐Cohen Shoshana , Portugal Isabel , Khozin‐Goldberg Inna , Cohen Zvi , Boussiba Sammy 
Published: December 2014

The Δ5 desaturase mutant (P127) of the microalga Lobosphaera incisa is a promising organism for large‐scale production of the valuable LC‐PUFA dihomo‐γ‐linolenic acid (DGLA, 20:3 n‐6). We examined the potential of P127 for DGLA production under nitrogen (N) starvation conditions, triggering the deposition of DGLA in triacylglycerols, and developed a strategy for optimization of the DGLA productivity in high‐density cultures. Towards this end, the effects of initial biomass concentration (1, 2, and 4 g L−1) and PAR irradiance (170 and 400 µmol m−2 s−1) on DGLA and total fatty acid (TFA) production were studied. The highest DGLA and TFA percentages (10 and 38% of dry weight, respectively) were displayed by the cultures initiated at 1 g L−1 and grown under a moderate irradiance. Higher irradiances and lower starting biomass content facilitated oleic acid accumulation at the expense of DGLA. Maximum volumetric productivities of TFA and DGLA were recorded in the cultures started at 2 g L−1 biomass and grown under 400 μmol PAR m−2 s−1. We show that a sufficiently high starting culture density should be combined with a mild light stress to facilitate the production of biomass enriched in DGLA‐containing triacylglycerols.Practical applicationsThe ∆5 desaturase mutant of L. incisa, P127, is a rare green source of DGLA, a LC‐PUFA with valuable pharmaceutical and neutraceutical properties. We report on the optimization of DGLA production by the nitrogen‐starving indoor cultures of P127. Stresses, such as N starvation and/or high irradiances, promote accumulation of lipids by microalgal cells. On the other hand, excessively severe stress is deteriorative for the target LC‐PUFA accumulation. An important outcome of the present work is establishing physiological constrains of DGLA productivity and finding an approach to balance starting cell density vs. irradiance in order to maximize DGLA yields. Findings of the present work lay a foundation of the efficient production of DGLA using upscaled cultures of P127.High productivity of DGLA‐enriched biomass by P127 under nitrogen starvation is attainable by combining relatively high starting culture density with a mild light stress. By contrast, high irradiances impair DGLA accumulation in the cultures initiated at the biomass content of ≤ 1 gL−1.
Structured lipids enriched with unsaturated fatty acids produced by enzymatic acidolysis of silkworm pupae oil using oleic acid
Authors: Zhao Xing‐Yu , Wang Xu‐Dong , Liu Xi , Zhu Wei‐Jie , Mei Yi‐Yuan , Li Wen‐Wen , Wang Jun 
Published: December 2014

Desilked silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) pupae oil has been identified as a valuable source of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). However, direct consumption is a food safety issue due to the presence of sn‐1,3 triacylglycerols (TAGs), including palmitic acid (PA). A simple, selective and safe conversion to structured triacylglycerols (STAGs) with high UFA content is highly desirable. Novel STAGs with low PA and high α‐linolenic acid (ALA), oleic acid (OA) and linoleic acid (LA) content were synthesized from silkworm pupae oil using a solvent‐free system catalyzed by Lipozyme RM IM. Crystallization and melting profiles were determined using thermograms, and optimal conditions involved an enzyme load of 7%, a silkworm pupae oil TAG to OA molar ratio of 1:5, and a reaction temperature of 60°C. The content of PA and stearic acid decreased from 41.04 to 20.11%, while UFAs increased from 61.12 to 77.88%. The STAGs exhibited lower crystallization (−15.44°C) and melting (−23.47°C) profiles than TAGs (4.64 and −5.58°C, respectively).Practical applicationsThe presented methods using a solvent‐free system enable STAGs to be synthesized using a natural substrate (desilked silkworm pupae oil). A simple, selective and safe conversion to STAGs with high UFA content and low PA content is highly desirable. This STAG is rare in nature and chemical synthesis is cumbersome. This STAG could be applied as a clinical treatment for nutritional enhancement with a beneficial effect on human health because of the high content of the ALA.Novel structure triacylglycerols (STAGs) with low palmitic acid and rich in oleic acid and linoleic acid were synthesized from silkworm pupae oil and oleic acid, through solvent‐free enzymatic interesterification catalyzed by Lipozyme RM IM. Under the optimal conditions, the content of palmitic acid and stearic acid decreased from 41.04 to 20.11% in the sn‐1, 3 positions, and the content of unsaturated fatty acids﻿ (including palm stearin, oleic acid, linoleic acid and α‐linolenic acid) increased from 61.12 to 77.88%. The STAGs could be added into milk fat substitutes, which may be useful as nutrition enhancers for infants and may decrease obesity.
Desulfitative C‐Arylation of Glycals by Using Benzenesulfonyl Chlorides
Authors: Kusunuru Anil Kumar , Yousuf Syed Khalid , Tatina Madhubabu , Mukherjee Debaraj 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe palladium‐catalyzed stereoselective synthesis of 2,3‐deoxy‐C‐aryl glycosides was investigated. The strategy is based on the Pd‐catalyzed desulfitative Heck coupling of arylsulfonyl chlorides and glycals with good leaving groups. An attempt was made to establish the reaction mechanism, which may involve PdII/Pd0 interconversion under basic conditions.
Selective Formation of Trimethylene Carbonate (TMC): Atmospheric Pressure Carbon Dioxide Utilization
Authors: Buckley Benjamin R. , Patel Anish P. , Wijayantha K. G. Upul 
Published: December 2014

AbstractCarbon dioxide utilisation (CDU) is currently gaining increased interest due to the abundance of CO2 and its possible application as a C1 building block. We herein report the first example of atmospheric pressure carbon dioxide incorporation into oxetane to selectively form trimethylene carbonate (TMC), which is a significant challenge as TMC is thermodynamically less favoured than its corresponding co‐polymer.
Three New Phthalides from Gnaphalium adnatum
Authors: Zheng Xing‐Ping , Cui Qiong‐Fang , Zhao Jing‐Feng , Yang Li‐Juan , Zhang Hong‐Bin , Yang Xiao‐Dong , Li Liang 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThree new phthalides, gnaphalides A–C (1–3, resp.), together with three known phthalides, were isolated from the aerial part of Gnaphalium adnatum. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated as 6‐(1,1‐dimethylprop‐2‐en‐1‐yl)‐5,7‐dihydroxy‐2‐benzofuran‐1(3H)‐one (1), 5‐hydroxy‐7‐[(2‐hydroxy‐3‐methylbut‐3‐en‐1‐yl)oxy]‐2‐benzofuran‐1(3H)‐one (2), and 1,3‐dihydro‐7‐[(3‐methylbut‐2‐en‐1‐yl)oxy]‐1‐oxo‐2‐benzofuran‐5‐yl β‐D‐glucopyranoside (3) on the basis of spectral analyses. The structure of 1 was also confirmed by X‐ray crystallographic analysis. The three known phthalides, identified as 5,7‐dihydroxyisobenzofuran‐1(3H)‐one (4), anaphatol (5), and 7‐O‐(β‐glucopyranosyl)‐5‐hydroxyisobenzofuran‐1(3H)‐one (6), were isolated from the genus Gnaphalium for the first time.
Flavonol Glycosides with α‐Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities and New Flavone C‐Diosides from the Leaves of Machilus konishii
Authors: Lin Yi‐Shan , Lee Shoei‐Sheng 
Published: December 2014

AbstractSeventeen flavonoids, five of which are flavone C‐diosides, 1–5, were isolated from the BuOH‐ and AcOEt‐soluble fractions of the leaf extract of Machilus konishii. Among 1–5, apigenin 6‐C‐β‐D‐xylopyranosyl‐2″‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (2), apigenin 8‐C‐α‐L‐arabinopyranosyl‐2″‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (4), and apigenin 8‐C‐β‐D‐xylopyranosyl‐2″‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (5) are new. Both 4 and 5 are present as rotamer pairs. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of NMR‐spectroscopic analyses and MS data. In addition, the 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR data of apigenin 6‐C‐α‐L‐arabinopyranosyl‐2″‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (3) were assigned for the first time. The isolated compounds were assayed against α‐glucosidase (type IV from Bacillus stearothermophilus). Kaempferol 3‐O‐(2‐β‐D‐apiofuranosyl)‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranoside (12) was found to possess the best inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 29.3 μM.
Diterpenoids from Aerial Parts of Clerodendranthus spicatus and Their Cytotoxic Activity
Authors: Guan Shu‐Cai , Fan Guang‐Yan 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA chemical investigation of AcOEt‐soluble portion of the 95% EtOH extract of the aerial parts of Clerodendranthus spicatus led to the isolation and characterization of a new diterpenoid, named clerospicasin J (1). Structure elucidation of 1 was achieved by spectroscopic analyses, including 2D‐NMR. The diterpenoid 1 exhibited significant inhibitory activity on the proliferation of the SKOV3 cell lines. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of 1 against SKOV3 cells was related to apoptotis as confirmed by DAPI (=2‐(4‐amidinophenyl)‐1H‐indole‐6‐carboxamidine) nuclear staining and flow cytometry.
‘Management multiple myeloma during pregnancy: a case report and review’
Authors: Cabañas‐Perianes Valentin , Macizo Maribel , Salido Eduardo , Blanquer Miguel , Araico Fernando , Melero‐Amor Antonia , Garcia‐Candel Faustino , Muñoz‐Garcia Maria Isabel , Martinez‐Villanueva Miriam , Muñoz‐Esparza Carmen , Guzmán‐Aroca Florentina , Pérez‐López Raúl , Moraleda Jose Maria 
Published: December 2014

AbstractMultiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic neoplasm characterized by plasma tumor cell proliferation in the bone marrow. It's a rare malignancy before a 40‐year‐old and it is extremely uncommon during pregnancy. We report the case of a 37‐year‐old woman with a newly diagnosed IgG λ MM (Durie–Salmon stage IIIA, International Staging System II and good prognosis cytogenetic) at the 27th week of her pregnancy. Our management during pregnancy, the delivery, and initiation of anti‐myeloma treatment with bortezomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone are published. There are a few reviews reporting the most common features and management of MM during pregnancy. We perform a comprehensive review of all 32 cases reported between 1965 and 2014 in which a MM was diagnosed during pregnancy including score, cytogenetic results, labor characteristics, and response to therapy. About 53% of pregnant women did not start treatment before partum. Cesarean section was the most common form of delivery (82%). About 88% of newborns were healthy, although most of them were premature (73%). Management of a MM diagnosed during pregnancy should be based on the presence of myeloma‐related organ damage to secure survival of the mother without fetal adverse effects related to treatment. Serial fetal ultrasound may be helpful in order to avoid complications. The cesarean section may be preferred depending on maternal and fetus prognosis. Whole‐body diffusion‐weighted imaging minimal response could be an appropriate technique to discard plasmacytomas during pregnancy in critical situations such as the appearance of symptoms of spinal cord compression. Therapeutic choices should be agreed with the pregnant after a thorough discussion of the prognostic factors of the disease and the potential risk for the fetus and the patient. While awaiting partum, dexamethasone is a non‐toxic treatment. Triple therapy including a proteasome inhibitor should be started quickly after delivery. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relationship Between Serum Uric Acid and Bone Mineral Density in the General Population and in Rats With Experimental Hyperuricemia
Authors: Zhang Dihua , Bobulescu I Alexandru , Maalouf Naim M , Adams-Huet Beverley , Poindexter John , Park Sun , Wei Fuxin , Chen Christopher , Moe Orson W , Sakhaee Khashayar 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACT

Higher serum uric acid concentrations have been associated with higher bone mineral density (BMD) in observational studies of older men and perimenopausal or postmenopausal women, prompting speculation of a potential protective effect of uric acid on bone. Whether this relationship is present in the general population has not been examined and there is no data to support causality. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of a probability sample of the U.S. population. Demographic data, dietary intake, lifestyle risk factors and physical activity assessment data, serum biochemistry including serum uric acid, and BMD were obtained from 6759 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES; 2005–2010) participants over 30 years of age. In unadjusted analyses, higher serum uric acid levels were associated with higher BMD at the femoral neck, total hip, and lumbar spine in men, premenopausal women, and postmenopausal women not treated with estrogen. However, these associations were no longer statistically significant after adjustment for potential confounders, including age, body mass index (BMI), black race, alcohol consumption, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), serum alkaline phosphatase, and C-reactive protein (CRP). This is in contradistinction to some prevailing conclusions in the literature. To further examine the causal effect of higher serum uric acid on skeletal health, including biomechanical properties that are not measurable in humans, we used an established rat model of inducible mild hyperuricemia. There were no differences in BMD, bone volume density, and bone biomechanical properties between hyperuricemic rats and normouricemic control animals. Taken together, our data do not support the hypothesis that higher serum uric acid has protective effects on bone health. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.