bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Union rates and prognostic variables of osteoporotic vertebral fractures treated with a rigid external support
Authors: Murata Kenji , Watanabe Goichi , Kawaguchi Satoshi , Kanaya Kohei , Horigome Keiko , Yajima Hideki , Morita Tomonori , Yamashita Toshihiko 
Published: September 2012

Object
External supports serve as a traditional treatment option for osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVFs). However, the role of external supports in the treatment of OVF remains inconclusive. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of a rigid external support in the healing of OVFs by prospectively evaluating union (fracture settling) rates and prognostic variables for patients suffering from an incident OVF.

Methods
Fifty-five patients with acute back pain were enrolled in this study after being diagnosed with an OVF based on MRI findings. Patients were treated using a plastic thoracolumbosacral orthosis (TLSO) and underwent follow-up at 2, 3, and 6 months. Vertebrae were referred to as “settled” when there was no dynamic mobility on sitting lateral and supine lateral radiographs. At the time of the 3- and 6-month follow-up visits, the patients were divided into 2 groups, the “settled group” and the “unsettled group.” Patients in these groups were compared with regard to clinical and radiographic features.

Results
Of the 55 patients enrolled, 53 patients were followed up for 6 months. There were 14 men and 39 women with an average age of 75.3 years. Fracture settling of the affected vertebra was defined in 54.7% of the patients at 2 months, in 79.2% at 3 months, and in 88.7% at 6 months. All 5 components of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire improved significantly both at 3 months and 6 months. Patients in the unsettled group exhibited a statistically greater likelihood of having fractures at the thoracolumbar junction, Type A3 fractures, and fractures with a diffuse low-intensity area on T2-weighted MRI studies at 3 months. In contrast, at 6 months, the only statistically significant difference between the groups was patient age.

Conclusions
The biomechanical disadvantages of OVFs (location, type, and size) adversely influencing the fracture healing were overcome by the treatment using a TLSO within 6 months. The authors' findings show that a TLSO plays a biomechanical role in the healing of OVFs.
Oculomotor nerve palsy by posterior communicating artery aneurysms: influence of surgical strategy on recovery
Authors: Güresir Erdem , Schuss Patrick , Seifert Volker , Vatter Hartmut 
Published: September 2012

Object
Resolution of oculomotor nerve palsy (ONP) after clipping of posterior communicating artery (PCoA) aneurysms has been well documented. However, whether additional decompression of the oculomotor nerve via aneurysm sac dissection or resection is superior to pure aneurysm clipping is the subject of much debate. Therefore, the objective in the present investigation was to analyze the influence of surgical strategy—specifically, clipping with or without aneurysm dissection—on ONP resolution.

Methods
Between June 1999 and December 2010, 18 consecutive patients with ruptured and unruptured PCoA aneurysms causing ONP were treated at the authors' institution. Oculomotor nerve palsy was evaluated on admission and at follow-up. The electronic database MEDLINE was searched for additional data in published studies of PCoA aneurysms causing ONP. Two reviewers independently extracted data.

Results
Overall, 8 studies from the literature review and 6 patients in the current series (121 PCoA aneurysms) met the study inclusion criteria. Ninety-four aneurysms were treated with simple aneurysm neck clipping and 27 with clipping plus aneurysm sac decompression. The surgical strategy, simple aneurysm neck clipping versus clipping plus oculomotor nerve decompression, had no effect on full ONP resolution on univariate (p = 0.5) and multivariate analyses. On multivariate analysis, patients with incomplete ONP at admission were more likely to have full resolution of the palsy than were those with complete ONP at admission (p = 0.03, OR = 4.2, 95% CI 1.1–16).

Conclusions
Data in the present study indicated that ONP caused by PCoA aneurysms improves after clipping without and with oculomotor nerve decompression. The resolution of ONP is inversely associated with the initial severity of ONP.
Correlation between language function and the left arcuate fasciculus detected by diffusion tensor imaging tractography after brain tumor surgery
Authors: Hayashi Yutaka , Kinoshita Masashi , Nakada Mitsutoshi , Hamada Jun-ichiro 
Published: September 2012

Object
Disturbance of the arcuate fasciculus in the dominant hemisphere is thought to be associated with language-processing disorders, including conduction aphasia. Although the arcuate fasciculus can be visualized in vivo with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography, its involvement in functional processes associated with language has not been shown dynamically using DTI tractography. In the present study, to clarify the participation of the arcuate fasciculus in language functions, postoperative changes in the arcuate fasciculus detected by DTI tractography were evaluated chronologically in relation to postoperative changes in language function after brain tumor surgery.

Methods
Preoperative and postoperative arcuate fasciculus area and language function were examined in 7 right-handed patients with a brain tumor in the left hemisphere located in proximity to part of the arcuate fasciculus. The arcuate fasciculus was depicted, and its area was calculated using DTI tractography. Language functions were measured using the Western Aphasia Battery (WAB).

Results
After tumor resection, visualization of the arcuate fasciculus was increased in 5 of the 7 patients, and the total WAB score improved in 6 of the 7 patients. The relative ratio of postoperative visualized area of the arcuate fasciculus to preoperative visualized area of the arcuate fasciculus was increased in association with an improvement in postoperative language function (p = 0.0039).

Conclusions
The role of the left arcuate fasciculus in language functions can be evaluated chronologically in vivo by DTI tractography after brain tumor surgery. Because increased postoperative visualization of the fasciculus was significantly associated with postoperative improvement in language functions, the arcuate fasciculus may play an important role in language function, as previously thought. In addition, postoperative changes in the arcuate fasciculus detected by DTI tractography could represent a predicting factor for postoperative language-dependent functional outcomes in patients with brain tumor.
Gamma Knife surgery for pediatric arteriovenous malformations: a 25-year retrospective study
Authors: Dinca Eduard B. , de Lacy Patricia , Yianni John , Rowe Jeremy , Radatz Matthias W. R. , Preotiuc-Pietro Daniel , Kemeny Andras A. 
Published: September 2012

Object
The authors present their 25-year experience in treating pediatric arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) to allow comparisons with other historic studies and data in adults.

Methods
Data were collected from a prospectively maintained departmental database selected for age and supplemented by case note review and telephone interviews as appropriate.

Results
Three hundred sixty-three patients, ages 1–16 years (mean ± SD, 12 ± 3.2 years), underwent 410 treatments; 4 had planned 2-stage treatments and 43 were retreated subsequent to an initial partial response. Fifty-eight percent received general anesthesia for the procedure. Sixteen percent had previously undergone embolization. The most common presenting symptoms were as follows: hemorrhage (80.2%), epilepsy (8.3%; overall seizure prevalence 19.9%), and migrainous headaches (6.3%). Only 0.28% of the AVMs were incidental findings. The mean lesion volume was 3.75 ± 5.3 cm3 (range 0.01–32.8 cm3), with a median Spetzler-Martin grade of III (range I–V). The mean peripheral (therapeutic) dose was 22.7 ± 2.3 Gy (range 15–25 Gy), corresponding to a mean maximum dose of 43.6 ± 6 Gy (range 25–51.4 Gy).
The obliteration rate was 71.3% in patients who received one treatment and 62.5% for retreated patients, with a mean obliteration time of 32.4 and 79.6 months, respectively. The overall obliteration rate was 82.7%. No follow-up data are as yet available for the 4 patients who underwent the staged treatments. Only 4 patients received peripheral doses below 20 Gy, and the AVM was obliterated in 3 of these patients. The other patients received 20, 22.5, or 25 Gy and had obliteration rates of 82.6%, 77.7%, and 86.3%, respectively. The bleeding rate postradiosurgery was 2.2%, and the cumulative complication rate was 3.6%, with radionecrosis being the most common complication (1.1%).

Conclusions
Surprisingly, there was no correlation (p = 0.43) between outcome and radiosurgical dose when that dose was between 20 and 25 Gy, thus suggesting that the lower of these 2 doses may be effective. Radiosurgery for pediatric AVM is safe and effective.
Outcomes after surgery for spinal metastatic leiomyosarcoma
Authors: Ziewacz John E. , Lau Darryl , La Marca Frank , Park Paul 
Published: September 2012

Object
Leiomyosarcoma is a smooth-muscle sarcoma that rarely metastasizes to the spine. Its clinical course is variable, although patients with metastatic leiomyosarcoma can experience prolonged survival as compared with patients with more aggressive metastatic tumors. The authors report their single-institution experience in the surgical treatment of patients with leiomyosarcoma metastatic to the spine.

Methods
A retrospective review of the electronic medical records was performed to obtain details on clinical management and outcomes for patients who had undergone surgical intervention for metastatic leiomyosarcoma of the spine. The few articles available in the current literature on this topic were also analyzed.

Results
Eight patients with metastatic leiomyosarcoma of the spine underwent surgical management between 2005 and 2011. Six patients (75%) had improvement in their Nurick grade. Patients who had presented with pain as a primary symptom experienced significant relief. Five patients (63%) had lesion recurrence, and 4 underwent repeat surgery at a mean of 10.2 months after their initial surgery. The mean duration of survival was 11.7 months (range 3.3–23.0 months).

Conclusions
Leiomyosarcoma rarely metastasizes to the spine. However, surgical intervention can relieve pain and improve neurological function. Given the potential for prolonged survival, aggressive management should be considered in well-selected patients.
The Effect of Cobalt Doping in Structural Phase Transition of SmFe<sub>1-x</sub>Co<sub>x</sub>AsO Measured by Low-temperature X-ray Diffraction
Authors: Khan A. , Rahman A. , Naher S. , Kaneko H. , Yun Y. , Savinkov A. , Suzuki H. , Li Y. K. , Tao Q. , Cao G. H. , Xu Z. A. 
Published: September 2012

The parent compound SmFeAsO shows structural phase transition from tetragonal to orthorhombic at the temperature TD = 144 K. In the compound SmFe1-xCoxAsO, with increasing x the structural transition temperature TD and SDW TN decreases and reaches 0 K at the critical concentration xc. The X-ray diffraction technique has been used here to study the structural phase transition temperature. It is observed that the (400) peak of the parent compound SmFeAsO splits into two peaks (400) and (040), when the temperature is lower than the structural transition temperature TD. The structural phase transition of Co doped compounds SmFe1-xCoxAsO has also been studied for x = 0, 0.01, 0.025 and 0.075. The phase transition temperature TD for SmFe0.99Co0.01AsO, SmFe0.975Co0.025AsO and SmFe0.925Co0.075AsO are 134 K, 118 K and 4 K, respectively. The phase diagram of TD versus lattice spacing reveals that the structural transition temperature decreases with shrinking lattice constant along c-axis similar to the decrease of the structural phase transition temperature with increasing Co concentration. The phase diagrams of SmFe1-xCoxAsO and Sm(O1-xFx)FeAs show a similar nature.© 2012 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v4i3.10248 J. Sci. Res. 4 (3), 541-550 (2012)
Cult Fixion
Authors: Mary Arthur 
Published: September 2012

Le discours social s’organise autour de signifiants. Si les « grands récits » (Lyotard, 1979) de l’émancipation structuraient le socius moderne, leur disparition caractérise notre nouvelle modernité et fait place au foisonnement de petits récits, coextensifs aux discours du communautarisme et du sectarisme. Ces « fixions » (Ronell, 2009), faites de signifiants structurées suivant une modalité addictive et adhésive, prennent le sujet au piège d’un discours non soumis à la castration.
Resistance in Freud and Foucault
Authors: Canavêz Fernanda , Miranda Heraldo 
Published: September 2012

Cet article nous décrit la question de la résistance chez Freud et Foucault. Les auteurs parient sur la fertilité de la différence, afin d’entreprendre une analyse du concept de résistance qui échappe aux impératifs de la conciliation précipitée et à ceux des non-ressemblances stériles. Ainsi, on est tenté de penser que la relation entre les deux auteurs est d’un rapprochement non-conciliatoire, car il n’est pas possible de supposer une approche absolue, malgré des éléments en commun, ni un éloignement radical. Du point de vue des éléments communs, nous avons le caractère multiple de la résistance chez les deux auteurs et la capacité continue de résister. Chez Freud, il est possible de reconnaître une dimension au-delà de la résistance de l’adversaire élément de traitement – en particulier à partir du second dualisme pulsionnel. La résistance, en conséquence, échapperait à toute tentative de soumission dans le cadre de l’expérience psychanalytique. Par contre, en ce qui concerne les éléments de l’éloignement, nous savons que la discussion du pouvoir est extrêmement coûteuse à la pensée foucaldienne, alors que chez Freud elle n’est pas thématisée comme telle.
Evaluation of Corneal Thickness, Anterior Chamber Depth, and Iridocorneal Angle Following Scleral Buckling Surgery With AS-OCT
Authors: Karti Omer , Selver Ozlem Barut , Ozbek Zeynep , Oner F. Hakan , Durak Ismet , Saatci Ali Osman 
Published: September 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the changes in central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and iridocorneal angle (ICA) with anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) following scleral buckling surgery.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Thirty-one eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment that underwent scleral buckling were included in this prospective study. Changes in CCT, ACD, and ICA were measured with AS-OCT.

RESULTS:
There was a significant increase in the CCT at 1 day and 1 week postoperatively. CCT became slightly thinner than the preoperative values at 1 month postoperatively. The ACD was relatively shallow at all visits after the surgery. The decrease in the ICA 0° and 180° values was statistically significant at 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month postoperatively.

CONCLUSION:
Changes in the CCT and ICA after scleral buckling were mild and almost returned to their preoperative levels within 6 months. However, ACD shallowing persisted even after 6 months.
Assessment of Vitreous Incarceration in Sclerotomies With OCT, Ultrasound Biomicroscopy, and Direct Visualization
Authors: Lopez-Guajardo Lorenzo , Benitez-Herreros Javier , Camara-Gonzalez Cristina , Silva-Mato Agustin 
Published: September 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To compare anterior-segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT), ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM), and direct visualization for detecting vitreous incarceration in sutureless sclerotomies.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Prospective, randomized, and observer-masked experimental study in which 23-gauge vitrectomy was performed in pig eyes. Postoperative incisional vitreous incarceration was evaluated by AS-OCT, UBM, and direct visualization.

RESULTS:

One hundred eighteen pig eyes were included. Vitreous entrapment was found in 7.9% (28 of 354), 59.6% (211 of 354), and 95.5% (338 of 354) of the sclerotomies analyzed by AS-OCT, UBM, and direct visualization, respectively. Direct visualization was the most sensible method for identifying incisional vitreous when compared with UBM and AS-OCT (
P
< .0001). In turn, UBM was superior to AS-OCT for observing vitreous incarceration (
P
< .0001).

CONCLUSION:
Direct visualization is the most effective method for detecting vitreous entrapment. Regarding the imaging techniques, UBM was superior to AS-OCT for identifying vitreous incarceration.
Chlorhexidine Bathing and Microbial Contamination in Patients’ Bath Basins
Authors: Powers Jan , Peed Jennifer , Burns Lindsey , Ziemba-Davis Mary 
Published: September 2012

Background
Research has demonstrated the hazards associated with patients’ bath basins and microbial contamination. In a previous study, soap and water bath basins in 3 acute care hospitals were found to be reservoirs for bacteria and potentially associated with the development of hospital-acquired infections. Bacteria grew in 98% of the basin samples; the most common were enterococci (54%), and 32% were gram-negative organisms.

Objective
To assess the presence of bacterial contaminants in wash basins when chlorhexidine gluconate solution is used in place of standard soap and water to wash patients.

Methods
Bathing with chlorhexidine gluconate is the standard of practice for all patients in intensive care units at St Vincent Hospital. Specimens from 90 bath basins used for 5 days or more were cultured for bacterial growth to assess contamination of basins when chlorhexidine gluconate is used.

Results
Of the 90 basins cultured, only 4 came back positive for microbial growth; all 4 showed growth of gram-positive organisms. Three of the 4 organisms were identified as coagulase-negative staphylococcus, which is frequently found on the skin. This translates into a 95.5% reduction in bacterial growth when chlorhexidine gluconate is used as compared with soap and water in the previous study (Fisher exact test, P &lt; .001). The only factor that was related to positive cultures of samples from basins was the sex of the patient.

Discussion
Compared with the previous study examining microbial contamination of basins when soap and water was used to bathe patients, bacterial growth in patients’ bath basins decreased significantly with the use of chlorhexidine gluconate, drastically reducing the risk for hospital-acquired infections. Such reduced risk is especially important for critically ill patients at high risk for bacterial infection.
Organ Donation After Cardiac Death in Children: Acceptance of a Protocol by Multidisciplinary Staff
Authors: Cowl Allison S. , Cummings Brian M. , Yager Phoebe H. , Miller Brenda , Noviski Natan 
Published: September 2012

Background
Organ donation after cardiac death is increasingly implemented, with outcomes similar to those of organ donation after brain death. Many hospitals hesitate to implement a protocol for donation after cardiac death because of the potential negative reactions among health care providers.

Objectives
To determine the acceptance of a protocol for donation after cardiac death among multidisciplinary staff in a pediatric intensive care unit.

Methods
An anonymous, 15-question, Likert-scale questionnaire (scores 1–5) was used to determine the opinions of staff about donation after brain death and after cardiac death in a pediatric intensive care unit of a tertiary-care university hospital.

Results
Survey response rate was 67% (n = 60). All physicians, 89% of nurses, and 82% of the remaining staff members stated that they understood the difference between donation after brain death and donation after cardiac death; staff supported both types of donation, at rates of 90% and 85%, respectively. Staff perception was the same for each type of donation (ρ = 0.82; r = 0.92; P &lt; .001). The 20 staff members who provided care directly to patients who were donors after cardiac death considered such donation worthwhile. However, 60% of those providers offered suggestions to improve the established protocol for donation.

Conclusions
The multidisciplinary staff has accepted organ donation after cardiac death and has fully integrated this kind of donation without reported differences from their acceptance of donation after brain death.
Characteristics of Patients With Cardiorespiratory Instability in a Step-down Unit
Authors: Yousef Khalil , Pinsky Michael R. , DeVita Michael A. , Sereika Susan , Hravnak Marilyn 
Published: September 2012

Background
Patients in step-down units are at higher risk for developing cardiorespiratory instability than are patients in general care areas. A triage tool is needed to identify at-risk patients who therefore require increased surveillance.

Objectives
To determine demographic (age, race, sex) and clinical (Charlson Comorbidity Index at admission, admitting diagnosis, care area of origin, admission service) differences between patients in step-down units who did and did not experience cardiorespiratory instability.

Methods
In a prospective longitudinal pilot study, 326 surgical-trauma patients had continuous monitoring of heart rate, respirations, and oxygen saturation and intermittent noninvasive measurement of blood pressure. Cardiorespiratory instability was defined as heart rate less than 40/min or greater than 140/min, respirations less than 8/min or greater than 36/min, oxygen saturation less than 85%, or blood pressure less than 80 or greater than 200 mm Hg systolic or greater than 110 mm Hg diastolic. Patients’ status was classified as unstable if their values crossed these thresholds even once during their stay.

Results
Cardiorespiratory instability occurred in 34% of patients. The Charlson Comorbidity Index was the only variable associated with instability conditions. Compared with patients with no comorbid conditions (50%), more patients with at least 1 comorbid condition (66%) experienced instability (P = .006). Each 1-unit increase in the Charlson Index increased the odds for cardiorespiratory instability by 1.17 (P = .03).

Conclusion
Although the relationship between Charlson Comorbidity Index and cardiorespiratory instability was weak, adding it to current surveillance systems might improve detection of instability.
Cyanovirin-N Inhibits Mannose-Dependent Mycobacterium–C-Type Lectin Interactions but Does Not Protect against Murine Tuberculosis
Authors: Driessen Nicole N. , Boshoff Helena I. M. , Maaskant Janneke J. , Gilissen Sebastiaan A. C. , Vink Simone , van der Sar Astrid M. , Vandenbroucke-Grauls Christina M. J. E. , Bewley Carole A. , Appelmelk Ben J. , Geurtsen Jeroen 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Cyanovirin-N (CV-N) is a mannose-binding lectin that inhibits HIV-1 infection by blocking mannose-dependent target cell entry via C-type lectins. Like HIV-1, Mycobacterium tuberculosis expresses mannosylated surface structures and exploits C-type lectins to gain cell access. In this study, we investigated whether CV-N, like HIV-1, can inhibit M. tuberculosis infection. We found that CV-N specifically interacted with mycobacteria by binding to the mannose-capped lipoglycan lipoarabinomannan. Furthermore, CV-N competed with the C-type lectins DC-SIGN and mannose receptor for ligand binding and inhibited the binding of M. tuberculosis to dendritic cells but, unexpectedly, not to macrophages. Subsequent in vivo infection experiments in a mouse model demonstrated that, despite its activity, CV-N did not inhibit or delay M. tuberculosis infection. This outcome argues against a critical role for mannose-dependent C-type lectin interactions during the initial stages of murine M. tuberculosis infection and suggests that, depending on the circumstances, M. tuberculosis can productively infect cells using different modes of entry.