bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gastrointestinal Dysmotility in Rett Syndrome
Authors: Baikie Gordon , Ravikumara Madhur , Downs Jenny , Naseem Nusrat , Wong Kingsley , Percy Alan , Lane Jane , Weiss Batia , Ellaway Carolyn , Bathgate Katherine , Leonard Helen 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTObjectives:Through evidence review and the consensus of an expert panel, we developed recommendations for the clinical management of gastroesophageal reflux disease, constipation, and abdominal bloating in Rett syndrome.Methods:Based on review of the literature and family concerns expressed on RettNet, initial draft recommendations were created. Wherein the literature was lacking, 25 open‐ended questions were included. Input from an international, multidisciplinary panel of clinicians was sought using a 2‐stage modified Delphi process to reach consensus agreement. Items related to the clinical assessment and management of gastroesophageal reflux disease, constipation, and abdominal bloating.Results:Consensus was achieved on 78 of 85 statements. A comprehensive approach to the assessment of gastroesophageal reflux and reflux disease, constipation, and abdominal bloating was recommended, taking into account impairment of communication skills in Rett syndrome. A stepwise approach to the management was identified with initial use of conservative strategies, escalating to pharmacological measures and surgery, if necessary.Conclusions:Gastrointestinal dysmotility occurs commonly in Rett syndrome. These evidence‐ and consensus‐based recommendations have the potential to improve care of dysmotility issues in a rare condition and stimulate research to improve the present limited evidence base.
Di-μ-acetato-κ4O:O′-bis[(1,10-phenanthroline-κ2N,N′)(trifluoromethanesulfonato-κO)copper(II)]
Authors: Wannarit Nanthawat , Pakawatchai Chaveng , Youngme Sujittra 
Published: October 2013

The complete molecule of the title compound, [Cu2(C2H3O2)2(CF3O3S)2(C12H8N2)2], is completed by the application of a twofold rotation and comprises two CuIIions, each of which is pentacoordinated by two N atoms from a bidentate 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) ligand, two O atoms from acetate ligands and an O atom from a trifluoromethanesulfonate anion, forming a (4 + 1) distorted square-pyramidal coordination geometry. The CuIIions are connected by two acetate bridges in asyn–synconfiguration. The F atoms of the trifluoromethanesulfonate ligands are disordered, with site-occupation factors of 70 and 30. The molecular structure is stabilized by intramolecular face-to-face π–π interactions with centroid–centroid distances in the range 3.5654 (12)–3.8775(12) Å. The crystal structure is stabilized by C—H...O interactions, leading to a three-dimensional lattice structure.
Characterization of PCB routing process and optimization of tool design based on the investigation of routing temperature
Authors: Fu Lianyu , Wang Jian , Guo Qiang 
Published: October 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to provide the method and system to conduct online measurement and the characterization of temperature during printed circuit board (PCB) routing process as well as the optimization of router design based on the investigation of routing temperature.

Design/methodology/approach
– The background of this research is introduced first. Then the method to measure the routing temperature on-line by using an infrared camera is presented. The routing process is characterized by investigating the routing temperature. Tool design optimization is conducted based on the temperature in processing PCB with aluminum substrate. Finally the concluding remarks of this research are presented.

Findings
– The routing temperature can be accurately measured by an infrared camera. Routing temperature is sensitive to properties of PCB, types of router and routing parameters. Very high temperature is experienced if non-appropriate routers are used to process board with aluminum substrate. It is demonstrated by the experiments that two fluted tool, three fluted tool and coated tool with three flutes are suitable for aluminum substrate processing by considering the low temperature and the nice surface finish.

Originality/value
– The paper highlights the key points to measure the routing temperature on-line by an infrared camera and characterize the routing process and optimize the tool design by investigating the measured temperature as well.
Listeria infection inhibits IgE production in regional lymph nodes by suppressing chemotaxis of basophils to lymph nodes
Authors: Kanoh Makoto , Maruyama Saho , Asano Yoshihiro 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTInfection with Listeria induces a dominant shift to the Th1 immune response and inhibits the Th2 response. Papain is frequently utilized in animal models of allergies. Papain administration induces chemotaxis of basophils to regional lymph nodes (LNs) and production of interleukin (IL)‐4 by basophils, resulting in a Th2‐dominant status and increased IgE production in LNs. In this model, production of immunoglobulin (Ig) E by LN cells is primarily controlled by IL‐4 produced by basophils. Based on this model, it was postulated that Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) infection suppresses IgE production by LN cells. Therefore, the effects of Lm infection on a papain‐induced mouse model of allergies were investigated. Following s.c. injection of papain, basophils transiently migrated to draining LNs because of the effects of chemokine (C–C) motif ligand (CCL) 24 and secreted IL‐4, inducing a Th2 response. Lm infection blocked recruitment of basophils into the popliteal LNs by inhibiting CCL24 production. Papain‐induced class switch recombination (CSR) to IgE is inhibited by Lm infection, whereas CSR to IgG1 is not affected by the same treatment. Therefore, the CSR of IgG1 to IgE is basophil‐dependent, whereas the CSR of IgM to IgG1 is basophil‐independent. Hence, Lm infection suppresses CSR to IgE without affecting CSR to IgG1.
Consequences of facilitation: one plant's benefit is another plant's cost
Authors: Schöb Christian , Prieto Iván , Armas Cristina , Pugnaire Francisco I. 
Published: October 2013

Summary

Facilitation is known as the positive effect of one species (benefactor) on associated neighbouring species (beneficiaries). Although the beneficial part of this interaction has received considerable research interest, there is a gap of knowledge on the bidirectional nature of these interactions; in particular, the physiological and fitness consequences for both beneficiaries and benefactors.

Alpine cushion plants are generally strong benefactors, increasing species richness and abundance on a global scale, and provide a suitable system to study the physiological effects of bidirectional interactions and its consequences for reproduction. Current knowledge suggests that species improve their fitness when associated to a benefactor cushion species, whereas cushions may receive predominantly negative feedbacks.

We measured physiological and reproductive traits of the cushion species Arenaria tetraquetra ssp. amabilis and three other forbs (Eryngium glaciale, Lotus corniculatus ssp. glacialis and Plantago nivalis) in the dry Sierra Nevada Mountains, southern Spain. All four species were studied either when growing alone or when the three forbs were associated with the cushion plant.

The three forb species improved their water status when associated with the cushion, and Lotus and Plantago significantly increased their seed set. In contrast, Arenaria showed poorer water status and reduced flower density and seed set with increasing cover of beneficiary species. There was a clear relationship between physiological and reproductive traits in Arenaria growing without beneficiaries but not in Arenaria with beneficiaries. Control cushions (without beneficiary species) showed increased seed set and seed mass with increasing photosynthetic and water use efficiencies, respectively, the latter being positively related to leaf nitrogen content. In contrast, cushions with a large cover of beneficiary species did not show such relations. The missing relationship between physiological and reproductive traits for these facilitating cushions indicates that reproductive output in heavily colonized cushions may not be directly related to the plant physiological status and the availability of resources.

Our results revealed the antagonistic behaviour underlying the interaction between beneficiary species and facilitating cushion plants, similar to parasitic interactions. They also provide indications for changes in cushions' resource allocation pattern in response to colonization by beneficiaries.
Genome analysis of Chitinivibrio alkaliphilus gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel extremely haloalkaliphilic anaerobic chitinolytic bacterium from the candidate phylum Termite Group 3
Authors: Sorokin Dimitry Y. , Gumerov Vadim M. , Rakitin Andrey L. , Beletsky Alexey V. , Damsté J. S. Sinninghe , Muyzer Gerard , Mardanov Andrey V. , Ravin Nikolai V. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryAnaerobic enrichments from hypersaline soda lakes with chitin as substrate yielded five closely related anaerobic haloalkaliphilic isolates growing on insoluble chitin by fermentation at pH 10 and salinities up to 3.5 M. The chitinolytic activity was exclusively cell associated. To better understand the biology and evolutionary history of this novel bacterial lineage, the genome of the type strain ACht1 was sequenced. Analysis of the 2.6 Mb draft genome revealed enzymes of chitin‐degradation pathways, including secreted cell‐bound chitinases. The reconstructed central metabolism revealed pathways enabling the fermentation of polysaccharides, while it lacks the genes needed for aerobic or anaerobic respiration. The Rnf‐type complex, oxaloacetate decarboxylase and sodium‐transporting V‐type adenosine triphosphatase were identified among putative membrane‐bound ion pumps. According to 16S ribosomal RNA analysis, the isolates belong to the candidate phylum Termite Group 3, representing its first culturable members. Phylogenetic analysis using ribosomal proteins and taxonomic distribution analysis of the whole proteome supported a class‐level classification of ACht1 most probably affiliated to the phylum Fibribacteres. Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic and genomic analyses, the novel bacteria are proposed to be classified as Chitinivibrio alkaliphilus gen. nov., sp. nov., within a novel class Chitinivibrione.
Burkholderia sp. SCMS54 reduces cadmium toxicity and promotes growth in tomato
Authors: Dourado M.N. , Martins P.F. , Quecine M.C. , Piotto F.A. , Souza L.A. , Franco M.R. , Tezotto T. , Azevedo R.A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractCadmium (Cd) can enter soil through the use of fertilisers, calcareous, pesticides and industrial and/or domestic effluents. Cd can leach into groundwater and be taken up by plants, potentially leading to reductions in plant growth and yield. In soil, plant roots interact with heavy metal (HM)‐tolerant microorganisms that may promote plant growth. Soil microorganisms may also be able to solubilise or mobilise soil metals, thereby acting as bioremediators. A better understanding of the interaction among plants, metals, microorganisms and soil will lead to improved plant tolerance. Two multi‐tolerant bacteria from the Burkholderia genus were isolated from Cd‐contaminated and Cd‐uncontaminated soil of a coffee plantation. In addition to its high tolerance to Cd, the strain SCMS54 produces indole‐acetic acid (IAA), solubilises inorganic phosphate and produces siderophores, demonstrating its potential to contribute to beneficial plant–microorganism interactions. When interacting with tomato plants exposed to Cd, the bacterium led to decreases in plant peroxide and chlorosis levels, promoted relative plant growth and decreased the root absorption of Cd, resulting in increased plant tolerance to this highly toxic HM. The results indicated that the inoculation of tomato plants with Burkholderia sp. SCMS54 promotes better growth in plants cultivated in the presence of Cd. This phenomenon appears to be attributed to a mechanism that decreases Cd concentrations in the roots via a beneficial interaction between the bacteria and the plant roots.
What are the effects of input subsidy programs on maize prices? Evidence from Malawi and Zambia
Authors: Ricker‐Gilbert Jacob , Mason Nicole M. , Darko Francis A. , Tembo Solomon T. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAn important hypothesized benefit of large‐scale input subsidy programs in Africa is that by raising maize production, the subsidies should put downward pressure on retail maize prices to the benefit of urban consumers and the rural poor who tend to be net food buyers. To inform debates related to this rationale for input subsidies, this study estimates the effects of fertilizer subsidies on retail maize prices in Malawi and Zambia using market or district‐level panel data covering the 2000–2001 to 2011–2012 maize marketing years. Results indicate that roughly doubling the size of Malawi's subsidy program reduces maize prices by 1.2–2.5% on average. In Zambia, roughly doubling the scale of the country's subsidy program reduces maize prices by 1.8–2.8% on average. The results are robust across countries and model specifications, and indicate that the fertilizer subsidy programs in Malawi and Zambia have had a minimal effect on retail maize prices.
Chronic rhinosinusitis in asthma is a negative predictor of quality of life: results from the Swedish GA2LEN survey
Authors: Ek A. , Middelveld R. J. M. , Bertilsson H. , Bjerg A. , Ekerljung L. , Malinovschi A. , Stjärne P. , Larsson K. , Dahlén S.‐E. , Janson C. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundAsthma and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) both impair quality of life, but the quality‐of‐life impact of comorbid asthma and CRS is poorly known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of CRS and other relevant factors on quality of life in asthmatic subjects.MethodsThis Swedish cohort (age 17–76 years) consists of 605 well‐characterized asthmatics with and without CRS, 110 individuals with CRS only, and 226 controls and is part of the Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA2LEN) survey. The Mini Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (mAQLQ), the Euro Quality of Life (EQ‐5D) health questionnaire, spirometry, skin prick test (SPT), exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), smell test, and peak nasal inspiratory flow were used.ResultsSubjects having both asthma and CRS have lower mAQLQ scores in all domains (P < 0.001) and a lower EQ‐5D index value and EQ‐5D VAS value (P < 0.001) compared to those with asthma only. Asthmatics with CRS have significantly lower FEV1%pred and FVC%pred (88.4 [85.1–91.7] and 99.9 [96.7–103.0], respectively) compared with asthma only (91.9 [90.3–93.4] and 104.0 [102.5–105.5], respectively P < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis shows that low asthma quality of life is associated with having CRS (P < 0.0001), lower lung function (P = 0.008), current smoking (P = 0.01), BMI > 30 kg/m2 (P = 0.04), high age (P = 0.03), and a negative SPT (P = 0.04).ConclusionsComorbid CRS was a significant and independent negative predictor of quality of life in asthmatics. Other negative factors were lower lung function, current smoking, obesity, advanced age, and having nonatopic asthma.
The prognostic significance of perineural invasion and race in men considering active surveillance
Authors: Cohn Joshua A. , Dangle Pankaj P. , Wang Chihsiung E. , Brendler Charles B. , Novakovic Kristian R. , McGuire Michael S. , Helfand Brian T. 
Published: October 2013

Objective
To determine the importance of perineural invasion (PNI) on diagnostic biopsy in men enrolled in active surveillance (AS).
Patients and Methods
Eligibility criteria for AS included clinical stage ≤ T2a and Gleason score ≤6, ≤3 cores positive, maximum single core involvement <50%, and total tumour volume ≤5% on diagnostic biopsy.
All men received 12‐core confirmation biopsy at ≤6 months.
AS ‘failure’ on confirmatory biopsy was defined as failure to meet one or more eligibility criteria.
Risk of AS failure was compared in men with and without PNI.
Results
For the 165 men comprising the study population, the mean (sd) age was 66.9 (6.5) years and the median (interquartile, IQR) PSA level of men at study entry was 4.4 (3.2–6.0) ng/mL. The median (IQR) follow‐up was 5.5 (1.1–9.9) months.
In all, 8.5% (14/165 men) had PNI on diagnostic biopsy.
Compared with those without PNI, men with PNI tended to have more cores involved with cancer, at a mean (sd) of 2.0 (0.7) vs 1.6 (0.8) cores (P = 0.08) but did not have significantly a greater mean (sd) total tumour length on diagnostic biopsy, at 3.0 (2.1) vs 2.3 (3.6) mm (P = 0.27).
Men with PNI on diagnostic biopsy were significantly more likely to meet criteria for disease progression on confirmatory biopsy (57% [8/14] vs 21% [32/151]; P = 0.006).
PNI remained a significant predictor for AS failure after adjustment for number of positive cores, maximum percentage core involvement, and total tumour length (odds ratio 4.4, 95% confidence interval 1.4–14.2).
Conclusions
PNI on diagnostic biopsy is associated with disease progression on confirmatory biopsy.
The presence of PNI should factor into appropriate patient selection and counselling in AS.
Stage, grade and pathological characteristics of bladder cancer in the UK: British Association of Urological Surgeons (BAUS) Urological Tumour Registry
Authors: Boustead Gregory B. , Fowler Sarah , Swamy Rajiv , Kocklebergh Roger , Hounsome Luke ,   Section of Oncology, BAUS
Published: October 2013

Objective
To investigate Tumour‐Node‐Metastasis (TNM) stage and demographics at presentation in a very large, contemporary UK cohort of patients with bladder cancer and compare them with other published series, as little published data exists on the pathological characteristics of bladder cancer at presentation.
Patients and Methods
The British Association of Urological Surgeons (BAUS) Section of Oncology started a new urological tumour registry in 1998.
We performed a data analysis of all bladder cancer cases between 1999 and 2008.
Tumour TNM stage, grade and histopathological diagnosis were reviewed along with standard epidemiological data.
Results
In all, 69 712 bladder cancer registrations were recorded. Complete T, N and M stage and grade was available for 32 240 patients.
The male to female ratio of the study population was 3:1 and the overall median (sd, range) age at presentation was 73 (11.6, 6–108) years. Final pathological T staging showed that non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer accounted for 75% of cases with the remaining 25% being muscle‐invasive disease. Of these patients, 8% had nodal disease and 4% other metastatic sites at presentation.
The tumour grade was G1–2 in 65% and G3 in 35% of cases. Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) accounted for 92%, squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinomas 1.5% each, with 5% other histological variants.
Conclusions
Non‐muscle‐invasive TCC accounted for 75% of bladder cancer cases in the UK. The 1973 World Health Organization classification remains in widespread use amongst pathologists in the UK.
Obtaining complete and standardised staging and pathology reporting systems in bladder cancer remains a challenge.
Coronary artery disease concomitant with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Roversi Sara , Roversi Pietro , Spadafora Giuseppe , Rossi Rosario , Fabbri Leonardo M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundNumerous epidemiologic studies have linked the presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to coronary artery disease (CAD). However, prevalence, pathological processes, clinical manifestations and therapy are still debated, as progress towards uncovering the link between these two disorders has been hindered by the complex nature of multimorbidity.MethodsArticles targeting CAD in patients with COPD were identified from the searches of MEDLINE and EMBASE databases in July 2013. Three authors reviewed available evidence, focusing on the latest development on disease prevalence, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and therapeutic strategies. Both clinical trial and previous reviews have been included in this work.ResultsThe most accredited hypothesis asserts that the main common risk factors, that is, cigarette smoke and ageing, elicit a chronic low‐grade systemic inflammatory response, which affects both cardiovascular endothelial cells and airways/lung parenchyma. The development of CAD in patients with COPD potentiates the morbidity of COPD, leading to increased hospitalizations, mortality and health costs. Moreover, correct diagnosis is challenging and therapies are not clearly defined.ConclusionsEvidence from recently published articles highlights the importance of multimorbidity in patient management and future research. Moreover, many authors emphasize the importance of low‐grade systemic inflammation as a common pathological mechanism and a possible future therapeutic target.
Globus pallidus internus oscillatory activity is related to movement speed
Authors: Singh Arun , Bötzel Kai 
Published: October 2013

AbstractLocal field potentials (LFPs) recorded from deep brain stimulation electrodes implanted in the globus pallidus internus (GPi) of patients with hyperkinetic movement disorders (dystonia and Tourette's syndrome) have shown desynchronized activity at 8–20 Hz and synchronized activity at 30–90 Hz during voluntary movements. However, the impact of the speed of the motor task on these frequency shifts is still unclear. In the current study, we recorded LFPs bilaterally from the GPi in seven patients with hyperkinetic movement disorders during normal/slow and fast horizontal line drawing movements as well as during rest. In comparison with rest, the low beta band showed a significant decrease in power during the motor tasks. Low beta power was more suppressed with increasing speed of the movement on the contralateral side. In contrast, a significant increase in power was induced by movements in the high beta and gamma bands on the contralateral side. When comparing slow and fast movements, the power of the low gamma frequency band was significantly elevated on the contralateral side with fast movements. In conclusion, an increase in movement speed changes the power of GPi oscillations by means of a reduction of the activity in the low beta band and an elevation of activity in the gamma band. The current study yields new insights into the physiological mechanism of GPi during the execution of the motor task at low and high speed.
N6‐isopentenyladenosine improves nuclear shape in fibroblasts from humans with progeroid syndromes by inhibiting the farnesylation of prelamin A
Authors: Bifulco Maurizio , D'Alessandro Alba , Paladino Simona , Malfitano Anna M. , Notarnicola Maria , Caruso Maria G. , Laezza Chiara 
Published: October 2013

Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome is caused by mutations in the lamin A/C gene that lead to expression of a truncated, permanently farnesylated prelamin A variant called progerin. The accumulation of progerin at the nuclear envelope causes mis‐shapen nuclei and results in progeroid syndromes. Previous studies in cells from individuals with Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome have shown that blocking of farnesylation of prelamin A ameliorates the nuclear shape abnormalities. Here we observed that an inhibitor of farnesyl diphosphate synthase, N6‐isopentenyladenosine, impeded the farnesylation of prelamin A, causing a decrease in the frequency of nuclear shape abnormalities and redistribution of prelamin A away from the inner nuclear envelope. A combination of lovastatin and N6‐isopentenyladenosine significantly improved nuclear shape in fibroblast cell lines from atypical progeria patients. These findings establish a paradigm for ameliorating the most obvious cellular pathology in lamin‐related progeroid syndromes, and suggest a potential strategy for treating children with Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome.