bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of stereochemically active lone-pair electrons on crystal symmetry and twist angles in lead apatite-2Htype structures
Authors: Baikie T. , Schreyer M. , Wei F. , Herrin J. S. , Ferraris C. , Brink F. , Topolska J. , Piltz R. O. , Price J. , White T. J. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractLead-containing (Pb-B-X)-2Hapatites encompass a number of [AF]4[AT]6[(BO4)6]X2compounds used for waste stabilization, environmental catalysis and ion conduction, but the influence of the stereochemically active lone-pair electrons of Pb2+on crystal chemistry and functionality is poorly understood. This article presents a compilation of existing structural data for Pb apatites that demonstrate paired electrons of Pb2+at both theAFandATresults in substantial adjustments to the PbFO6metaprism twist angle, φ. New structure refinements are presented for several natural varieties as a function of temperature by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) of vanadinite-2H(ideally Pb10(VO4)6Cl2), pyromorphite-2H(Pb10(PO4)6Cl2), mimetite-2H/M(Pb10(As5+O4)6Cl2) and finnemanite-2H(Pb10(As3+O3)6Cl2). A supercell for mimetite is confirmed using synchrotron single-crystal XRD. It is suggested the superstructure is necessary to accommodate displacement of the stereochemically active 6s2lone-pair electrons on the Pb2+that occupy a volume similar to an O2−anion. We propose that depending on the temperature and concentration of minor substitutional ions, the mimetite superstructure is a structural adaptation common to all Pb-containing apatites and by extension apatite electrolytes, where oxide ion interstitials are found at similar positions to the lonepair electrons. It is also shown that plumbous apatite framework flexes substantially through adjustments of the PbFO6metaprism twist-angles (φ) as the temperature changes. Finally, crystalchemical [100] zoning observed at submicron scales will probably impact on the treatment of diffraction data and may account for certain inconsistencies in reported structures.
Lillianites and andorites: new life for the oldest homologous series of sulfosalts
Authors: Makovicky E. , Topa D. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe current state of the lillianite homologous series is presented, with its two branches − the lillianite branch of the predominantly Pb-Bi-Ag sulfosalts and the andorite branch of predominantly Pb-Sb-Ag sulfosalts. Both the natural and synthetic members are discussed, especially from the structural and compositional point of view and the related, chemically distinct and structurally more complicated members of the series are described. A number of new published, or hitherto unpublished observations is given, together with fairly exhaustive tables of data. Relationships between the complex structures of different ‘andorite’ species and principal structural features of ‘oversubstituted’ As-Sb and Bi-Sb species are discussed. Contrary to many studies of this subject, synthetic phases form an integral part of the paper. It is concluded that research in this long-known homologous series still supplies new interesting phases, especially in the fields of synthetic products and in its andorite branch.
On the algorithmic complexity of crystals
Authors: Krivovichev S. V. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe concept of the algorithmic complexity of crystals is developed for a particular class of minerals and inorganic materials based on orthogonal networks, which are defined as networks derived from the primitive cubic net (pcu) by the removal of some vertices and/or edges. Orthogonal networks are an important class of networks that dominate topologies of inorganic oxysalts, framework silicates and aluminosilicate minerals, zeolites and coordination polymers. The growth of periodic orthogonal networks may be modelled using structural automata, which are finite automata with states corresponding to vertex configurations and transition symbols corresponding to the edges linking the respective vertices. The model proposed describes possible relations between theoretical crystallography and theoretical computer science through the theory of networks and the theory of deterministic finite automata.
Deep Earth mineralogy revealed by ultrahigh-pressure experiments
Authors: Hirose Kei 
Published: May 2014

AbstractUltrahigh-pressure and -temperature (P-T) experimental techniques have progressed rapidly in recent years. By combining them with X-ray diffraction measurements at synchrotron radiation facilities, it is now possible to examine deep Earth mineralogyin situat relevant highP-Tconditions in a laser-heated diamond anvil cell (DAC). The lowermost part of the mantle, known as the D″ layer, has long been enigmatic because of a number of unexplained seismological features. Nevertheless, the discovery of a phase transition from MgSiO3perovskite to ‘post-perovskite’ above 120 GPa and 2400 K indicates that post-perovskite is a principal constituent in the lowermost mantle, which is compatible with seismic observations. The ultrahighP-Tconditions of the Earth’s core have not been accessible by static experiments, but the structure and phase transition of Fe and Fe-alloys are now being examined up to 400 GPa and 6000 K by laser-heated DAC studies.
Higher incidence of premenopausal breast cancer in less developed countries; myth or truth?
Authors: Ghiasvand Reza , Adami Hans-Olov , Harirchi Iraj , Akrami Rahim , Zendehdel Kazem 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundFundamental etiologic differences have been suggested to cause earlier onset of breast cancer in less developed countries (LDCs) than in more developed countries (MDCs). We explored this hypothesis using world-wide breast cancer incidence data.MethodsWe compared international age-standardized incidence rates (ASR) of pre- (<50 years) and postmenopausal (≥50 years) breast cancers as well as temporal trends in ASRs of pre-and postmenopausal breast cancer among selected countries during 1975–2008. We used joinpoint log-linear regression analysis to estimate annual percent changes (APC) for premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer in the northern Europe and in Black and White women population in the US.ResultsPremenopausal breast cancers comprised a substantially higher proportion of all incident breast cancers in LDCs (average 47.3%) compared to MDCs (average 18.5%). However, the ASR of premenopausal breast cancer was consistently higher in MDCs (29.4/100,000) than LDCs (12.8/100,000). The ASR of postmenopausal cancer was about five-fold higher in the MDCs (307.6/100,000) than the LDCs (65.4/100,000). The APC of breast cancer in Denmark was substantially higher in postmenopausal (1.33%) than premenopausal cancer (0.98%). Higher incidence of breast cancer among the white than black women in the US was pertained only to the postmenopausal cancer.ConclusionThe substantial and consistent lower age-specific incidence of breast cancer in LDCs than in MDCs contradicts the theory of earlier onset. Demographic differences with fewer old women in LDCs and lower prevalence of risk factors of postmenopausal cancer are the most likely explanation to the lower mean age at diagnosis in these countries.
Double-blind controlled trial of lecithinized superoxide dismutase in patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia – short term evaluation of safety and tolerability
Authors: Kamio Koichiro , Azuma Arata , Ohta Ken , Sugiyama Yukihiko , Nukiwa Toshihiro , Kudoh Shoji , Mizushima Tohru 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundIdiopathic interstitial pneumonias such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis or fibrotic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia are irreversible progressive pulmonary diseases that often have fatal outcomes. Although the etiology of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias is not yet fully understood, anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory agents have shown limited therapeutic effectiveness. Reactive oxygen species and their cytotoxic effects on the lung epithelial cells have been reported to participate in the pathophysiology of the disease. Because superoxide dismutase catalyzes the detoxification of reactive oxygen species, we developed lecithinized superoxide dismutase for the treatment of patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonias.MethodsA multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted as a pilot study to investigate the safety and effectiveness of 40 or 80 mg lecithinized superoxide dismutase in patients with progressive idiopathic interstitial pneumonias who presented with either idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis or corticosteroid-resistant fibrotic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia and showed arterial oxygen tension compatible with stage III or IV on the Japanese severity grading scale for idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. Before and following infusion of lecithinized superoxide dismutase for 28 days, the primary endpoint of forced vital capacity and the secondary endpoints of lactate dehydrogenase, surfactant protein-A, surfactant protein-D and Krebs von den Lungen-6 levels were measured in the serum.ResultsThe primary endpoint of forced vital capacity did not improve significantly in the lecithinized superoxide dismutase groups in comparison with the placebo group. The secondary endpoints of lactate dehydrogenase and surfactant protein-A levels were significantly attenuated by 28 days in the higher-dose (80 mg) group. However, these changes returned to the baseline levels by 56 days after the cessation of lecithinized superoxide dismutase. Adverse events and mortality in the drug-treated groups did not differ from those in the placebo group.ConclusionsTreatment with lecithinized superoxide dismutase is safe and improves the levels of serum markers such as lactate dehydrogenase and surfactant protein-A in patients with advanced idiopathic interstitial pneumonias with severe respiratory dysfunction. Considering the results of the current study, further investigations into the effects and treatment potential of long-term administration of lecithinized superoxide dismutase may be warranted.Trial registrationUniversity hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN) clinical trials registry no.000000752
BRCAA1 antibody- and Her2 antibody-conjugated amphiphilic polymer engineered CdSe/ZnS quantum dots for targeted imaging of gastric cancer
Authors: Li Chao , Ji Yang , Wang Can , Liang Shujing , Pan Fei , Zhang Chunlei , Chen Feng , Fu Hualin , Wang Kan , Cui Daxiang 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Successful development of safe and highly effective nanoprobes for targeted imaging of in vivo early gastric cancer is a great challenge. Herein, we choose the CdSe/ZnS (core-shell) quantum dots (QDs) as prototypical materials, synthesized one kind of a new amphiphilic polymer including dentate-like alkyl chains and multiple carboxyl groups, and then used the prepared amphiphilic polymer to modify QDs. The resultant amphiphilic polymer engineered QDs (PQDs) were conjugated with BRCAA1 and Her2 monoclonal antibody, and prepared BRCAA1 antibody- and Her2 antibody-conjugated QDs were used for in vitro MGC803 cell labeling and in vivo targeted imaging of gastric cancer cells. Results showed that the PQDs exhibited good water solubility, strong photoluminescence (PL) intensity, and good biocompatibility. BRCAA1 antibody- and Her2 antibody-conjugated QD nanoprobes successfully realized targeted imaging of in vivo gastric cancer MGC803 cells. In conclusion, BRCAA1 antibody- and Her2 antibody-conjugated PQDs have great potential in applications such as single cell labeling and in vivo tracking, and targeted imaging and therapeutic effects' evaluation of in vivo early gastric cancer cells in the near future.
Kernel generalized neighbor discriminant embedding for SAR automatic target recognition
Authors: Huang Yulin , Pei Jifang , Yang Jianyu , Wang Tao , Yang Haiguang , Wang Bing 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a new supervised feature extraction algorithm in synthetic aperture radar automatic target recognition (SAR ATR), called generalized neighbor discriminant embedding (GNDE). Based on manifold learning, GNDE integrates class and neighborhood information to enhance discriminative power of extracted feature. Besides, the kernelized counterpart of this algorithm is also proposed, called kernel-GNDE (KGNDE). The experiment in this paper shows that the proposed algorithms have better recognition performance than PCA and KPCA.
Study on the contamination of Abadan public parks soil with Toxocara spp. eggs
Authors: Maraghi Sharif , Mazhab Jafari Komeil , Sadjjadi Seyed Mahmoud , Latifi Seyed Mahmoud , Zibaei Mohammad 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundToxocariasis is one of the most important zoonotic diseases caused byToxocaralarva stage in humans. One of the major transmission routes of infection, especially in children is pica. The aim of this topic was study the contamination of Abadan public parks withToxocaraeggs.Materials and methodsTwo hundred and ninety one samples of soil were collected from 31 parks. The samples were examined forToxocaraspp. eggs by modified floatation method using saturated sucrose. The results were analyzed using SPSS version 19 and Chi-square test.ResultsEighty five (29.2%) out of 291 samples were infected withToxocaraspp. eggs, means19 (61.2%) of the 31 parks were contaminated. There was no significant difference between the urban and suburb parks contamination (p = 0.208) but there was significant relation between contamination withToxocaraspp. eggs and traces of cats and dogs presence in the parks (p = 0.001).ConclusionAs the contamination of Abadan public parks soil withToxocaraspp. eggs is relatively high, the people and specially children might get the contamination during stay in the parks and measures should be taken to control the stray cats and dogs.
Detecting Sybil attacks in vehicular networks
Authors: Al-Mutaz Muhammad , Malott Levi , Chellappan Sriram 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Abstract
A Sybil attack consists of an adversary assuming multiple identities to defeat the trust of an existing reputation system. When Sybil attacks are launched in vehicular networks, the mobility of vehicles increases the difficulty of identifying the malicious vehicle location. In this paper, a novel protocol for Sybil detection in vehicular networks is presented. Considering that vehicular networks are cyber-physical systems, the technique exploits well grounded results in the physical (i.e., transportation) domain to detect the Sybil attacks in the cyber domain. Compared to existing works that rely on additional cyber hardware support, or complex cryptographic primitives for Sybil detection, the protocol leverages the theory of platoon dispersion that models the physics of naturally occurring vehicle dispersion. Specifically, the proposed technique employs a certain number of roadside units that periodically collect reports from vehicles regarding their physical neighborhood. Leveraging from existing models of platoon dispersion, a protocol was designed to detect anomalously close neighborhoods that are reflective of Sybil attacks. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is unique in integrating a well established theory in transportation engineering for detecting cyber space attacks in vehicular networks. The resulting protocol is simple, efficient, and robust in diverse attack environments.
Influence of the composition of different resin composites in the Knoop hardness and bond strength between tooth/restoration
Authors: Bosquiroli Virgínia , Brandt William C , Boaro Letícia C , Silva Isaías D , Sinhoreti Mário A 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the Knoop Hardness (KH) and bond strength (BS) among different resin composites. Three composites (Z100- 3 M/ESPE; Filtek Supreme-3 M/ESPE, Filtek Silorane-3 M/ESPE) were tested. Thirty bovine incisors (n = 10) were used. Conical cavities were prepared in the buccal surface of each tooth with a diamond bur (3131KG Sorensen, Barueri, SP, Brazil) with a high-speed water-cooled hand-piece in a standard cavity preparation appliance (2.0 x 2.0 x 1.5 mm), resulting in a C-Factor of 2.2. Two adhesive systems were used according to the manufacturer’s instructions (Single Bond 2 and Silorane System Adhesive - 3 M ESPE). The restorations were made respectively with Z100, Supreme and Silorane. The composites were inserted in a single increment and light cured with a LED unit, Freelight (3 M ESPE) for 40 s. After photo-activation the specimens were stored at 37°C in distilled water during 24 h. KH (HMV-2, Shimadzu) were performed in the top and bottom at each specimen. After that, the push-out test was performed with a universal testing machine (Model 4411, Instron). In the KH test the data were submitted to a two way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α=5%). The mean of KHN and standard deviations were: Top - Z100 (74.1/9.0); Supreme (58.4/3.6); Silorane (42.8/6.2) and Bottom - Z100 (66.7/13.6); Supreme (61.2/3.6); Silorane (40.0/3.0). In the BS test the data were submitted to one way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α=5%). The BS mean and standard deviations were: Z100 (12.6/5.2), Supreme (20.9/6.3), Silorane (29.7/9.0). Z100 had the highest KHN at the top and it was statistically different from the bottom. Supreme and Silorane had no differences between top and bottom. Silorane showed the highest BS mean differing statistically from the others. Differences in the composition of composite resins can to influence in the Knoop hardness and bond strength of restorations.
Effect of cementation protocol on push-out bond strength of fiber posts to root canal
Authors: Casselli Denise S , Borges Marcela G , Menezes Murilo S , Faria-e-Silva André L 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of adhesive protocol on the retention of glass-fiber posts luted into root canals. Thirty bovine incisors were endodontically treated and 9-mm-deep post holes were prepared. Fiber posts were luted using one of following protocols (n = 10): SB – Single Bond (3 M ESPE) with regular resin cement RelyX ARC (3 M ESPE); SBMP – Scotchbond Multipurpose Plus (3 M ESPE) associated with RelyX ARC; or UNI – the self-adhesive resin cement RelyX Unicem (3 M ESPE). After cementation, root/post specimens were transversally sectioned into 1-mm-thick slices, which were submitted to push-out testing in a mechanical testing machine. Bond strength data were analyzed by ANOVA (α = 0.05). There was no statistical difference between the adhesive protocols evaluated. Considering that the adhesive protocols evaluated showed similar bond strength values, simpler protocols must be preferable to lute fiber posts to root canal.
Regulation of lung oxidative damage by endogenous superoxide dismutase in sepsis
Authors: Constantino Larissa , Gonçalves Renata Casagrande , Giombelli Vinícius Renê , Tomasi Cristiane Damiani , Vuolo Francieli , Kist Luiza Wilges , de Oliveira Giovanna Medeiros Tavares , Pasquali Matheus Augusto de Bittencourt , Bogo Maurício Reis , Mauad Thais , Horn Adolfo , Melo Karen V , Fernandes Christiane , Moreira José Cláudio Fonseca , Ritter Cristiane , Dal-Pizzol Felipe 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Background
The purpose of this research is to study the relationship between superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lung redox state in an animal model of sepsis.

Methods
Sepsis was induced in rats by the cecal ligation and perforation model (CLP). After 3, 6, and 12 h, CLP protein content and expression of SOD1, SOD2, and SOD3 were evaluated, and SOD activity was assessed. Oxidative damage was determined by quantifying nitrotyrosine content. Lung localization of SOD3 was performed by immunohistochemistry. The protective effect of a SOD mimetic on oxidative damage, inflammation, and lung permeability was assessed 12 and 24 h after sepsis induction.

Results
Lung levels of SOD1 decreased 3 and 12 h after sepsis, but SOD2 and SOD3 increased, as well as SOD activity. These alterations were not associated with changes in sod gene expression. Nitrotyrosine levels increased 3 and 12 h after sepsis. The administration of a SOD mimetic decreased nitrotyrosine and proinflammatory cytokine levels and improved lung permeability.

Conclusions
SOD2 and SOD3 increased after sepsis induction, but this was insufficient to protect the lung. Treatments based on SOD mimetics could have a role in lung injury associated with sepsis.
Exploring inter-organizational relationships in automotive component remanufacturing
Authors: Lind Sebastian , Olsson David , Sundin Erik 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
One of the industry sectors with the longest history in remanufacturing is the automotive industry. Remanufactured parts include brake calipers, engines, servo pumps and alternators. A big challenge for automotive component remanufacturers is to achieve a steady flow of cores (parts that are used for remanufacturing). This flow could be secured by making agreements with core suppliers, such as an original equipment manufacturer (OEM), a core broker or another actor in the market. The remanufacturer can also choose to collect the cores without closer collaboration with the core suppliers. One crucial aspect in choosing how to collect the cores is that it has to be lucrative.
The aim of this paper is to explore how remanufacturers manage their inter-organizational relationships in the closed-loop supply chain. A case study was conducted within the European research project ‘CAN-REMAN’, and empirical data was collected from six participating companies within the project, all European small and medium-sized (SME) remanufacturers of automotive components. These companies were investigated, and their relationships, defined in earlier research with core suppliers, were evaluated.
A key finding of the research is that the most problematic parameter with supplier relationships is to receive the ordered quantity of cores from the supplier. This parameter is continually ranked as one of the most important, and the participating companies also claim to have problems with it. A successful relationship and take-back system was pointed out by one of the companies to never be the owner of the actual cores, and only perform the remanufacturing activity (service) for an OEM. This new relationship, called reman-contract, is where the OEM owns the core and the remanufacturer just performs remanufacturing including some sorting and storing. It was found that with this kind of relationship, the ordered quantity of cores was fulfilled to a higher degree, and thus the challenge of achieving a steady flow of cores was met.