bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated performance metrics and surgical gestures: two methods for assessment of technical skills in robotic surgery
Authors: Olsen Rikke Groth , Svendsen Morten Bo Søndergaard , Tolsgaard Martin G. , Konge Lars , Røder Andreas , Bjerrum Flemming 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe objective of this study is to compare automated performance metrics (APM) and surgical gestures for technical skills assessment during simulated robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). Ten novices and six experienced RARP surgeons performed simulated RARPs on the RobotiX Mentor (Surgical Science, Sweden). Simulator APM were automatically recorded, and surgical videos were manually annotated with five types of surgical gestures. The consequences of the pass/fail levels, which were based on contrasting groups’ methods, were compared for APM and surgical gestures. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) analysis and a Bland–Altman plot were used to explore the correlation between APM and surgical gestures. Pass/fail levels for both APM and surgical gesture could fully distinguish between the skill levels of the surgeons with a specificity and sensitivity of 100%. The overall ICC (one-way, random) was 0.70 (95% CI: 0.34–0.88), showing moderate agreement between the methods. The Bland–Altman plot showed a high agreement between the two methods for assessing experienced surgeons but disagreed on the novice surgeons’ skill level. APM and surgical gestures could both fully distinguish between novices and experienced surgeons in a simulated setting. Both methods of analyzing technical skills have their advantages and disadvantages and, as of now, those are only to a limited extent available in the clinical setting. The development of assessment methods in a simulated setting enables testing before implementing it in a clinical setting.
Host plant and habitat preferences of Lygus bugs: consequences for trap cropping applications
Authors: Holopainen Jarmo K. , Hokkanen Heikki M. T. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLygus bugs (Hemiptera: Miridae) can damage economically important crop plants by feeding on their active growing points, such as the apical meristem and buds, and reproductive organs, such as flower buds, flowers, seeds, and fruits. Plant injury is a combination of mechanical damage by the stylet and the effects of saliva, which contains enzymes that break the plant cells. On some occasions, oligophagous Lygus species can act as biocontrol organisms when predating on eggs and larvae of pest insects. This review summarises studies where trap crops have been used to control Lygus bug populations on various crops and to reduce damage to crops. We also focus on the factors that affect the host plant and habitat selection of the highly polyphagous Lygus bugs and discuss the reasons why a less favourable host plant in the laboratory might become attacked by Lygus bugs in the field. An analysis of rapidly developed worldwide Lygus damage problems in conifer nurseries in the late 1970s and early 1980s is presented as an example of how rapidly Lygus bugs can adapt to changes in environmental conditions and new types of crops. We suggest that the rate of crop irrigation and the efficiency of weed control could be factors augmenting Lygus populations and the severity of Lygus damage. These factors should also be considered in the planning of trap crop strategies for Lygus spp.
Precision Treatment of Anthracycline-Induced Cardiotoxicity: An Updated Review
Authors: Kuang Ziyu , Ge Yuansha , Cao Luchang , Wang Xinmiao , Liu Kexin , Wang Jiaxi , Zhu Xiaojuan , Wu Min , Li Jie 
Published: July 2024

Opinion StatementAnthracycline (ANT)-induced cardiotoxicity (AIC) is a particularly prominent form of cancer therapy-related cardiovascular toxicity leading to the limitations of ANTs in clinical practice. Even though AIC has drawn particular attention, the best way to treat it is remaining unclear. Updates to AIC therapy have been made possible by recent developments in research on the underlying processes of AIC. We review the current molecular pathways leading to AIC: 1) oxidative stress (OS) including enzymatic-induced and other mechanisms; 2) topoisomerase; 3) inflammatory response; 4) cardiac progenitor cell damage; 5) epigenetic changes; 6) renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) dysregulation. And we systematically discuss current prevention and treatment strategies and novel pathogenesis-based therapies for AIC: 1) dose reduction and change; 2) altering drug delivery methods; 3) antioxidants, dexrezosen, statina, RAAS inhibitors, and hypoglycemic drugs; 4) miRNA, natural phytochemicals, mesenchymal stem cells, and cardiac progenitor cells. We also offer a fresh perspective on the management of AIC by outlining the current dilemmas and challenges associated with its prevention and treatment.
A Peer-Supported School Engagement Intervention for Youth with Attention Problems: Development and Implementation
Authors: Capps R. Elizabeth , Evans Steven W. , Owens Julie Sarno , Allan Darcey M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractYouth with attention problems are at increased risk for school disengagement (Booster et al., JAD 16:179–189, 2012; DuPaul & Langberg, in: Barkley (ed), Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A handbook for diagnosis and treatment, Guilford, New York, 2014), which portends risk for poor outcomes (Bond et al., JAH 40:357.e9–357, 2007; Carter et al., JA 30:51–62, 2007; Fredricks et al., RER 74:59–109, 2004). Interventions that target school engagement may benefit from peer delivery because peers are widely available in schools and potentially more credible than adults. In this study, a peer-supported school-based school engagement intervention for middle school students with attention problems, Together Engaging and Achieving Meaningfully (TEAM) was developed with educators and students. In initial development (Study One), community development team meetings with partners (N = 9 school staff and students) were conducted. Thematic analysis was used to identify themes used to refine TEAM. In Study Two, a single-case pilot with one student with attention problems and one peer coach was conducted. Measures of fidelity, attendance, acceptability, and satisfaction were collected. Results were used to refine TEAM. Then in pilot implementation (Study Three), a non-randomized pilot was conducted with 10 fifth- through seventh-grade students with attention problems (n = 6 in the intervention group) and six eighth-grade coaches. Measures of fidelity, attendance, acceptability, satisfaction, and clinician-required time for implementation were collected. Cohen’s d mean difference effect sizes were calculated between and within groups over implementation. Feedback from partners highlighted barriers and aspects that were acceptable and feasible. Results from implementation suggested high attendance, high coach fidelity with revised implementation support, and low clinician-required time. Lessons learned and avenues for future development and research are discussed.
Urinary Concentrations of BPA and Analogous Bisphenols (BPF and BPS) among School Children from Poland: Exposure and Risk Assessment in the REPRO_PL Cohort
Authors: Garí Mercè , Bury Daniel , Moos Rebecca K. , Wolniewicz Monika , Jankowska Agnieszka , Brzozowska Agnieszka , Jerzynska Joanna , Bose-O’Reilly Stephan , Koch Holger M. , Polanska Kinga 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Bisphenols are a group of chemical compounds widely used in the industry, e.g., in the production of plastics, and as precursor of epoxy resins. The three bisphenols investigated in this study, namely bisphenols A (BPA), F (BPF) and S (BPS), seem to have endocrine activity in the same order of magnitude. Thus, an exposure and risk assessment was performed based on urinary concentrations of these bisphenols in 150 urine samples of 7-year-old children from the Polish Mother and Child Cohort Study (REPRO_PL). Samples were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography with online sample clean-up coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (online-SPE-LC-MS/MS). BPA, BPF, and BPS were above the LOQ (0.25 µg/L) in 100%, 95%, and 20% of the samples, respectively, with median concentrations of 2.5 µg/L, 1.0 µg/L and < 0.25 µg/L (below the LOQ), respectively. Median Daily Intakes (DIs) were calculated: 45.9 ng/kg bw/day for BPA, at maximum 33.1 ng/kg bw/day for BPF (depending on the urinary excretion fractions used for calculation) and below 4.4 ng/kg bw/day for BPS (calculated at LOQ/2). Hazard quotients (HQ) at the 95th percentile of 0.011 for BPF and 0.63 for BPS did not indicate health risks. However, based on the TDI of 0.2 ng/kg bw/day newly established by EFSA, the HQ for BPA was above 1 in 100% of the samples, thus indicating the exceedance of safe exposure levels. No statistically significant associations were found between bisphenol concentrations and socio-demographic and life-style characteristics, although environmental tobacco smoke at 7 years of age, maternal educational level and socio-economic status showed a positive trend. Further studies are required in order to recognize other BPA replacement exposures among children.
Combination of BCL-2 inhibitors and immunotherapy: a promising therapeutic strategy for hematological malignancies
Authors: Peng Xiaohuan , Tang Futian , Li Yanhong , Bai Jun , Li Lijuan , Zhang Liansheng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe rapid development of high-throughput sequencing in recent years has facilitated great progress in the molecular-targeted therapy of hematological malignancies, including leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. BCL-2 inhibitors are among the most important molecular-targeted agents. Immunotherapy for hematologic malignancy has rapidly increased in popularity in recent years and has been proven to improve the overall survival rate. However, few clinical studies have investigated combination therapy with BCL-2 inhibitors and immunotherapies, such as immune molecule-targeted drugs or immune cell adoptive therapy. In this review, we discuss the drug discovery process, current clinical application status, and resistance and tolerance issues associated with BCL-2 inhibitors. We emphasize their important role in regulating the immune system and propose that the combination of BCL-2 inhibitors with immunotherapy may be one of the most promising treatment methods for hematologic malignancies.
Molecular and clinical characterization of atypical central neurocytomas: implications for diagnosis and treatment strategies
Authors: Sun Feixia , Yang Zuocheng , Kong Ronghua , Han Song 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Objectives
This study aimed to investigate the histological and molecular characteristics of atypical central neurocytomas (CNs) and evaluate their clinical treatment outcomes, with the aim of identifying reliable biomarkers for differentiation and optimal treatment strategies.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective study including 61 patients diagnosed with CNs. Clinical data, neuroimaging, and pathological findings were analyzed. RNA sequencing was performed on tumor tissues to identify differentially expressed genes.

Results
Histological atypia and the Ki-67 index showed no significant impact on progression-free survival (PFS) or overall survival (OS). RNA sequencing identified significant genetic alterations in pathways such as neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction, cAMP, MAPK, and Ras signaling. Differently expressed genes included AMOTL1, PIK3R3, TGFBR1, SMO, COL4A6, MGP, SOX4, IGF2, SLIT1, and CKS2. The five-year OS rate (p = 0.015) and PFS rate (p = 2.00 × 10−6) were significantly higher in the complete resection (CR) group compared to the incomplete resection (IR) group. Postoperative radiotherapy did not affect OS or PFS in the CR group. The five-year PFS rate (p = 3.80 × 10−5) was significantly longer in patients in the CR group who did not receive radiotherapy compared to those in the IR group who did receive radiotherapy. The extent of surgical resection and operative approaches were found to be irrelevant to perioperative complications and dysfunctions at the last follow-up.

Conclusion
CR is crucial for a better prognosis in patients with atypical CNs. Additional radiotherapy after CR offers little benefit. Histological atypia and the Ki-67 index are not effective in distinguishing between atypical and typical CNs. Identified genetic alterations provide insights into the aggressive behavior of atypical CNs, suggesting potential therapeutic targets and underscoring the need for further research to optimize treatment strategies.
On Eye Tracking in Software Engineering
Authors: Grabinger Lisa , Hauser Florian , Wolff Christian , Mottok Jürgen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEye tracking is becoming more and more important as a research method within the field of software engineering (SE). Existing meta-analyses focus on the design or conduct of SE eye tracking studies rather than the analysis phase. This article attempts to fill this gap; it presents a systematic literature review of eye tracking studies in the field of SE—focusing mainly on the data analysis methods used. From the IEEE Xplore and ACM digital libraries we gather 125 papers up to the first quarter of 2024. Detailed evaluation provides information on the number of papers that use specific methods of analysis (i.e., descriptive or inferential statistics, and gaze visualization) or settings (e.g., sample size, technical setup, and selected aspects of research design). With the data obtained we can infer the popularity of specific analysis methods in the field. Those results enable efficient work on data analysis tools or education of aspiring researchers and can serve as basis for standardization or guidelines within the community—providing for methods to include as well as current inconsistencies.
Synthesis of Silver and Copper oxide nanoparticles using Ficus racemosa leaf extract: characterization, anticancer potential, and dye degradation efficacy
Authors: Maurya Akhilesh Kumar , Varshney Shagun , Verma Vinod , Siddique Hifzur R. , Mishra Nidhi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDue to their economic and eco-friendly attributes, there has recently been a growing interest in phytochemicals as catalysts for synthesizing nanoparticles (NPs). The present study describes the synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) via green chemistry by utilizing Ficus racemosa (F. racemosa) leaf extract without using any harsh chemical reagents. Silver (Ag) NPs were synthesized through conventional and microwave-irradiation routes, while the NPs of Copper oxide (CuO) were synthesized through traditional synthetic routes. The average crystallite size was around 26 and 38 nm for Ag and CuO NPs, respectively, with highly crystalline properties. The peak of around 450 nm for Ag and 551 nm for CuO, respectively, provided evidence of their formation. The NPs synthesized via the conventional route had spherical morphology with sizes between 40–80 nm and 95–250 nm for Ag and CuO NPs, respectively. With a size range of 80–300 nm, Ag NPs synthesized via microwave irradiation had triangular, polygonal, and almost spherical shapes. Ag NPs synthesized via microwave irradiation had triangular, polygonal, and nearly spherical morphology with a size range of 80–300 nm. The cytotoxicity of NPs was assessed on the human lung cancer cell line (A549). With an IC50 value of 75 µg/mL, the studies revealed that both NPs displayed comparable activities. The catalytic dye degradation activity of Ag NPs was investigated using Bromophenol blue (BB), Methylene blue (MB), and Methyl orange (MO). Therefore, using green synthesis, the current pathway facilitates the environmentally favorable synthesis of NPs for anti-cancer and dye degradation applications.
Seismicity and return period investigation of destructive earthquake in Makran subduction zone
Authors: Rehman Adil , Zhang Huai 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis work uses the frequency-magnitude relation for the earthquakes to analyze seismicity and return period for the earthquakes in Makran subduction and its adjacent region. The data for seismicity analysis and return period range from 1934 to 2022, with moment magnitude and depth ranging from 4.0 to 8.1 and 0 to 115 km. The b-values for eastern and western Makran are obtained by the maximum likelihood technique of 0.7 ± 0.04 and 0.764 ± 0.04, respectively. The temporal decrease of the b-value of the eastern and western vicinities of Makran suggests that stress levels in both regions are increasing, indicating potential big earthquakes may occur subsequentially. Similarly, the spatial variation of the b-value also suggests that stress in both areas is increasing. Notably, the change in the b-value is inversely proportional to the stress level in the region. If the stress level increases, the b-value decreases, and vice versa. The earthquake return periods with magnitude 5 and 5.5 vary from 1 to 2.7 and 2 to 8 years, and magnitude 6 and 6.5 vary from 5 to 30 and 10 to 60 years, respectively. The earthquake return periods with magnitude 7 and 7.5 vary from 20 to 120 and 50 to 300 years, and magnitude 8 and 8.5 range from 100 to 600 and 200 to 1200 years, respectively. The finding demonstrates that both the eastern and western vicinities of the Makran fault zone have high tectonic stress, and significant big earthquakes may occur in the future.
Evaluation of OCT biomarker changes in treatment-naive neovascular AMD using a deep semantic segmentation algorithm
Authors: Asani Ben , Holmberg Olle , Schiefelbein Johannes B. , Hafner Michael , Herold Tina , Spitzer Hannah , Siedlecki Jakob , Kern Christoph , Kortuem Karsten U. , Frishberg Amit , Theis Fabian J. , Priglinger Siegfried G. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Objectives
To determine real-life quantitative changes in OCT biomarkers in a large set of treatment naive patients in a real-life setting undergoing anti-VEGF therapy. For this purpose, we devised a novel deep learning based semantic segmentation algorithm providing the first benchmark results for automatic segmentation of 11 OCT features including biomarkers for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).

Methods
Training of a Deep U-net based semantic segmentation ensemble algorithm for state-of-the-art semantic segmentation performance which was used to analyze OCT features prior to, after 3 and 12 months of anti-VEGF therapy.

Results
High F1 scores of almost 1.0 for neurosensory retina and subretinal fluid on a separate hold-out test set with unseen patients. The algorithm performed worse for subretinal hyperreflective material and fibrovascular PED, on par with drusenoid PED, and better in segmenting fibrosis. In the evaluation of treatment naive OCT scans, significant changes occurred for intraretinal fluid (mean: 0.03 µm3 to 0.01 µm3, p < 0.001), subretinal fluid (0.08 µm3 to 0.01 µm3, p < 0.001), subretinal hyperreflective material (0.02 µm3 to 0.01 µm3, p < 0.001), fibrovascular PED (0.12 µm3 to 0.09 µm3, p = 0.02) and central retinal thickness C0 (225.78 µm3 to 169.40 µm3). The amounts of intraretinal fluid, fibrovascular PED, and ERM were predictive of poor outcome.

Conclusions
The segmentation algorithm allows efficient volumetric analysis of OCT scans. Anti-VEGF provokes most potent changes in the first 3 months while a gradual loss of RPE hints at a progressing decline of visual acuity. Additional research is required to understand how these accurate OCT predictions can be leveraged for a personalized therapy regimen.
Incidence and outcomes of post-operative endophthalmitis following elective phacoemulsification cataract surgery, between 2015 and 2022
Authors: Ting Magdalene Y. L. , Pocobelli Giulio , Butu Diana M. , Mandal Nakul , Nicholson Luke , Khan Sharmina R. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Cataract surgery remains the commonest ophthalmic surgical procedure in the UK. Post-operative endophthalmitis (POE) is a sight-threatening complication. This study presents the incidence and outcomes of POE within Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (MEH) in London, UK.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective, tertiary-centre study of the incidence and outcomes of POE following elective phacoemulsification cataract surgery between 2015 and 2022.

Results
We report a rate of 18 out of 154 826 (0.012%) cases of POE within seven weeks of cataract surgery. The age range was 43-87 years (mean age 67.1 years), and the male-to-female ratio was 1:1. Two cases were associated with intraoperative vitreous loss, one with anterior capsular tear extending to posterior capsular tear and the other with posterior capsular tear and dropped fragment. Two cases had a concomitant intravitreal injection, one of Triamcinolone Acetonide and the other of Dexamethasone implant (Ozurdex®), to manage chronic uveitic macular oedema. The majority of samples (89.9%) resulted in Gram-positive species. A final best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of Snellen 6/36 or better was achieved in 12/18 (66.67%). The time from cataract surgery to suspicion of POE ranged from 3 to 44 days (mean 15.8 days). Eight cases (44.4%) required pars plana vitrectomy (PPV).

Conclusions
We demonstrate an incidence of POE of 0.012% following phacoemulsification at MEH from January 2015 to December 2022. Such results are a testament to high-quality surgery, training supervision and post-operative care whilst adhering to local and international standards.
Impacts of glacial discharge on the primary production in a Greenlandic fjord
Authors: Hoshiba Yasuhiro , Matsumura Yoshimasa , Kanna Naoya , Ohashi Yoshihiko , Sugiyama Shin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSubglacial discharge from marine-terminating glaciers in Greenland injects large volumes of freshwater and suspended sediment into adjacent fjord environments. Although the discharge itself is nutrient poor, the formation of meltwater plumes can enhance marine biological production by stimulating upwelling of nutrient-rich fjord water. Despite the importance of meltwater discharge to marine ecosystems, little is known of the quantitative impact of discharge processes on phytoplankton growth, including the effects of local plumes, fjord-wide stirring and mixing, and suspended sediments on net primary production (NPP). Here, we report simulations of Bowdoin Fjord in northwestern Greenland using coupled non-hydrostatic ocean circulation and lower-trophic level ecosystem models, developed using field data. Our findings demonstrate that subglacial discharge plays a crucial role in NPP by stirring and mixing the entire fjord water system, which has a greater effect on NPP than local plume upwelling. Sensitivity tests suggest a 20% increase in NPP under conditions of enhanced discharge anticipated in the future. However, if glacier discharge and retreat exceed critical levels, NPP is predicted to decline by 88% relative to present values. This pattern reflects the negative impact of increased sediment flux on photosynthesis and weakened fjord stirring and mixing resulting from shallower outlet depths.