bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infection risk and stability of a continuous 8‐h 250 mL rFVIII infusion
Authors: Lambing A. , Kuriakose P. , Mueller L. M. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryThis study seeks to identify the delivery method of continuous infusion using a 250 cc IV bag via pump, change every 8 h. Additionally, the study will examine the infection risk with the use of 8 h infusions. Ten hemophilia A patients were identified for the study. Each patient received a bolus factorVIII (FVIII) infusion with a pre FVIII level and 1 h post FVIII level to determine recovery levels for optimal dosing. On the day of 8‐h continuous infusion, the pt received a bolus VIII (Kogenate FS ™) for correction to 100% followed by individually calculated continuous infusion (Kogenate FS ™) FVIII. FVIII levels were drawn from the IV bag and peripherally from the patient in the opposite arm at time points: pre infusion, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8 h. Additionally, blood cultures were drawn from the IV bag and from the IV tubing at time points pre infusion, 4 and 8 h. Fourteen subjects agreed to participate in the study; 4 failed to follow up, hence 10 subjects were included in the analysis of data; 7 severe, 2 moderate, and 1 mild hemophilia A. Age range was 26–62 years. Ethnic breakdown included 5 African American, 4 Caucasian, 1 Hispanic. With all infusions, the range of FVIII was 65–135% (blood) and 62–200% (bag). After the start of infusion, there were no significant differences noted between the hourly FVIII levels in the subjects and the IV values (P‐value range 0.36–0.9). Additionally, given three time points with six cultures per patient, totaling 60 points of cultures drawn for the study, all cultures from the IV bag and patient were negative. The effective delivery method and safety of an 8‐h continuous infusion of FVIII (Kogenate FS ™) has been confirmed. This method can be helpful given that many hospitals may not carry the required mini‐pumps, allowing a standard safe delivery of FVIII (Kogenate FS ™) continuous infusion by available means.
Developing a quick and inexpensive in vitro (non‐animal) bioassay for mascara irritation
Authors: Thomason H. , Montagnes D. J. S. 
Published: November 2013

SynopsisObjectiveMascara is a mild irritant that causes a range of medical problems. Animal models to predict ocular irritation have, however, been questioned at a number of levels, and there is a continued need to develop in vitro testing methods.MethodsWe assess changes in an easily quantifiable attribute, ciliated protozoan growth rate, as a sensitive, sublethal measure. Specifically, we test six, randomly chosen, commercial mascara products against a control (as treatments) and reveal through ANOVA (n = 6, α = 0.05) significant differences in the specific growth rate to treatments (for both protozoa).ResultsWe provide evidence that two easily cultured protozoa (Paramecium caudatum, Blepharisma japonicum) should be considered as models to assess ocular irritancy (and possibly cosmetics in general) and establish the groundwork for such studies to be applied at a more commercial level. We do this by developing a bioassay for mascara toxicity and indicate the low cost (after equipment is purchased, on the order of $100s) and the ease of performing such tests (able to be conducted by undergraduate students), as a consideration for their future commercial application. We first examined dose dependence of responses, revealing that there was a need to conduct preliminary work to determine appropriate levels for sublethal responses. We then show that some products resulted in mortality at high concentrations, others decreased growth rate by >50% (compared with the control), whereas others had no significant effect, compared with the control.ConclusionWe have provided a novel, quick and inexpensive means to assess mascara; the next step is to validate these ciliate bioassays by comparison with animal testing and epidemiological studies, which is beyond the scope of this fundamental ‘proof‐of‐concept’ study.
Negative pressure wound therapy with saline instillation: 131 patient case series
Authors: Brinkert David , Ali Mazen , Naud Magali , Maire Nicolas , Trial Chloé , Téot Luc 
Published: November 2013

AbstractNegative pressure wound therapy combined with timed, cyclical instillation (NPWTi) of topical wound solutions has been recently presented as a new adjunctive modality for treating wounds with signs of infection. Normal saline, antiseptics and antimicrobials all have been proposed in scientific and clinical studies as potentially effective when used with NPWTi for treating heavily infected wounds. This is a prospective clinical study of 131 patients with 131 wounds treated with NPWTi using saline between January 2012 and December 2012 in two orthopaedic centres and one surgical wound healing centre in France. Saline was exclusively used. Results were favourable: in 98% of the cases, the wounds could be closed after debridement and following the use of NPWTi. Mean duration of NPWTi was 12·19 days. This does not preclude the need for treating the biofilm appropriately with more active antibacterial products when biofilm has been documented.
Circulating immune complexes and analysis of renal immune deposits in feline immunodeficiency virus-infected cats
Authors: POLI A , FALCONE M L , BIGALLI L , MASSI C , HOFMANN-LEHMANN R , LOMBARDI S , BENDINELLI M , LUTZ H 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYTotal immunoglobulin content and concentration of immune complexes (IC) were determined in the sera of 51 cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and of 40 controls. IgG and IgM were quantified by radial immunodiffusion and circulating IC (CIC) by the CIC-conglutinin assay. IgG fractions were obtained by acid elution from kidney tissues of 15 FIV-infected and five negative control cats to investigate the possible role of IC in the genesis of renal damage observed in infected animals. Mean concentrations of IgG and circulating IC were higher in FIV-infected cats than in controls (29·6±6·7 versus 23·0±1·9 mg/dl (mean±s.d.) P &lt; 0001; and 66·5 ± 17·0 versus 27·4 ± 19·9% I, P &lt; 0·001, respectively), while IgM levels were only slightly increased (0·9 ± 0·05 versus 0·87 ± 0·04 mg/dl, P &lt; 0·02). Immunoglobulin fractions were eluted from 10 of the 15 renal tissue samples from FIV-infected cats and were found to be polyclonal and at least partly specific for FIV antigens. These findings confirm the presence of a B cell activation in FIV-infected cats and demonstrate the presence of high levels of CIC in their sera. The presence of immune deposits in renal tissues suggests that IC might play a role in the pathogenesis of the renal damage observed in FIV-infected cats.
The association of complement activation at a low temperature with hepatitis C virus infection in comparison with cryoglobulin
Authors: UEDA K , NAKAJIMA H , NAKAGAWA T , SHIMIZU A 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYComplement activation at a low temperature in vitro and cryoglobulinaemia are associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The frequency of HCV antibody positivity determined in serum specimens that showed the cold-dependent activation of complement was 100%, whereas it was 48% among sera with cryoglobulin. On the other hand, the frequency of cold activation among HCV-infected sera was 41%, and that of cryoglobulin 48%. Cold activation was not found in any HCV− sera studied, whereas cryoglobulin was found at a frequency of 14% in HCV− sera. Cold activation was also absent among hepatitis B virus (HBV) S antigen or antibody-positive sera, except a few that were both HBV+ and HCV+. Rheumatoid factor was also frequently detected in sera with cold activation or cryoglobulin. Cold activation and cryoglobulin may be generated by common mechanisms in which a low avidity, low temperature-preferring antibody may function. In sera with cold activation, fine particles of immune complexes, which do not form precipitates, may activate the complement system. HCV is a unique virus that coexists with antibody in the serum, therefore the avidity of the antibody for the virus antigen may be low, and occasionally react only at a low temperature. This may be why the in vitro phenomenon related to immune complexes occurs specifically in HCV-infected sera.
Changes in cytokine and nitric oxide secretion by rat alveolar macrophages after oral administration of bacterial extracts
Authors: BROUG-HOLUB E , PERSOONS J H A , SCHORNAGEL K , KRAAL G 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYOral administration of the bacterial immunomodulator Broncho-Vaxom (OM-85), a lysate of eight bacteria strains commonly causing respiratory disease, has been shown to enhance the host defence of the respiratory tract. In this study we examined the effect of orally administered (in vivo) OM-85 on stimulus-induced cytokine and nitric oxide secretion by rat alveolar macrophages in vitro. The results show that alveolar macrophages isolated from OM-85-treated rats secreted significantly more nitric oxide, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and IL-1β upon in vitro stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), whereas, in contrast, LPS-induced IL-6 secretion was significantly lower. The observed effects of in vivo OM-85 treatment on stimulus-induced cytokine secretion in vitro are not due to a direct effect of OM-85 on the cells, because in vitro incubation of alveolar macrophages with OM-85 did not result in altered activity, nor did direct intratracheal instillation of OM-85 in the lungs of rats result in altered alveolar macrophage activity in vitro. It is hypothesized that oral administration of OM-85 leads to priming of alveolar macrophages in such a way that immune responses are non-specifically enhanced upon stimulation. The therapeutic action of OM-85 may therefore result from an enhanced clearance of infectious bacteria from the respiratory tract due to increased alveolar macrophage activity.
Cropping System Affects Polymer‐Coated Urea Release and Corn Yield Response in Claypan Soils
Authors: Nelson K. A. , Motavalli P. P. , Dudenhoeffer C. J. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPreplant‐applied, urea‐based fertilizer management in high‐residue, no‐till (NT) corn (Zea mays L.) is challenging because of potential N loss due to cool, wet conditions in the spring and dry conditions during the summer months. Field research evaluated the effects of polymer‐coated urea (PCU) application timing, placement and cropping system on urea release for corn and determined corn yield response to PCU on claypan soils following wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping systems [reduced‐till corn following wheat, no‐till corn following wheat with double‐cropped (DC) soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and no‐till corn following wheat with a frost‐seeded red clover (FSC) (Trifolium pratense L.) cover crop]. Urea release from PCU was <35 % from fall through winter (November–January) and <20 % for early preplant (February–March) applications until 1 April. By 1 August, less urea was released in some instances from surface applications of PCU following FSC or DC soybean, but release was generally greater than in the absence of soil. No‐till corn following DC soybean or FSC had yields that were 1.01–1.32 Mg ha−1 greater when grown with PCU compared to urea at 168 kg N ha−1. Grain yields were similar within no‐till cropping systems with PCU, anhydrous ammonia and sidedressed urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) at 168 kg N ha−1. Farmers should recognize that high yields may not be obtained if PCU rates are reduced by 50 % (84 kg N ha−1) in high‐residue (DC soybean or FSC), no‐till production systems. Several N sources such as PCU, anhydrous ammonia and sidedressed UAN worked similarly in high‐residue, no‐till systems, although no differences between N sources were observed in a reduced‐tillage system.
Flow, Organic, and Inorganic Sediment Yields from a Channelized Watershed in the South Carolina Lower Coastal Plain
Authors: Jayakaran Anand D. , Libes Susan M. , Hitchcock Daniel R. , Bell Natasha L. , Fuss David 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMany small streams in coastal watersheds in the southeastern United States are modified for agricultural, residential, and commercial development. In the South Carolina Lower Coastal Plain, low‐relief topography and a shallow water table make stream channelization ubiquitous. To quantify the impacts of urbanization and stream channelization, we measured flow and sediment from an urbanizing watershed and a small forested watershed. Flow and sediment export rates were used to infer specific yields from forested and nonforested regions of the urbanizing watershed. Study objectives were to: (1) quantify the range of runoff‐to‐rainfall ratios; (2) quantify the range of specific sediment yields; (3) characterize the quantity and quality of particulate matter exported; and (4) estimate sediment yield attributable to agriculture, development, and channelization activities in the urbanizing watershed. Our results showed that the urban watershed exported over five times more sediment per unit area compared with the forested watershed. Sediment concentration was related to flow flashiness in the urban watershed and to flow magnitude in the forested watershed. Sediments from the forested watershed were dominated by organic matter, whereas mineral matter dominated sediment from the urban stream. Our results indicated that a significant shift in sediment quality and quantity are likely to occur as forested watersheds are transformed by urbanization in coastal South Carolina.
A Hydrologic Data Screening Procedure for Exploring Monotonic Trends and Shifts in Rainfall and Runoff Patterns
Authors: Chu Ma. Librada , Ghulam Abduwasiti , Knouft Jason H. , Pan Zaitao 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA thorough understanding of past and present hydrologic responses to changes in precipitation patterns is crucial for predicting future conditions. The main objectives of this study were to determine temporal changes in rainfall‐runoff relationship and to identify significant trends and abrupt shifts in rainfall and runoff time series. Ninety‐year rainfall and runoff time series datasets from the Gasconade and Meramec watersheds in east‐central Missouri were used to develop data screening procedure to assess changes in the rainfall and runoff temporal patterns. A statistically significant change in mean and variance was detected in 1980 in the rainfall and runoff time series within both watersheds. In addition, both the rainfall and runoff time series indicated the presence of nonstationary attributes such as statistically significant monotonic trends and/or change in mean and variance, which should be taken into consideration when using the time series to predict future scenarios. The annual peak runoff and the annual low flow in the Meramec watershed showed significant temporal changes compared to that in the Gasconade watershed. Water loss in both watersheds was found to be significantly increasing which is potentially due to the increase in groundwater pumping for water supply purposes.
The developmental progression of age 14 behavioral disinhibition, early age of sexual initiation, and subsequent sexual risk‐taking behavior
Authors: Samek Diana R. , Iacono William G. , Keyes Margaret A. , Epstein Marina , Bornovalova Marina A. , McGue Matt 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundResearch has demonstrated a consistent relationship between early sexual experience and subsequent sexual risk‐taking behaviors. We hypothesized that this relationship is due to a general predisposition toward behavioral disinhibition (BD), and that relationships amongBD, early sex, and subsequent risky sexual behavior may be influenced by common genetic influences for males and common environmental influences for females.MethodsA prospective sample of 1,512 same‐sex adolescent twins (50.2% female) was used. AdolescentBDwas measured by clinical symptom counts of conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and self‐reported delinquent behavior (age 14). Age of sexual initiation was defined as first age of consensual oral or penetrative sex (mean age ~17). Adult risky sexual behavior was defined by sexual behaviors under the influence of drugs and alcohol and number of casual sexual partners in the past year (age 24).ResultsMultivariate analyses showed evidence for substantial common genetic variance among age 14BD, age at sexual initiation, and adult risky sexual behavior for males, but not females. There was no significant difference in the degree of common environmental influence on these variables for females compared to males. Notably, age of sexual initiation was not significantly correlated with age 24 risky sexual behavior for females.ConclusionThe relationship between early sex and later risky sex can be better understood through a general liability towardBD, which is influenced primarily by genetic factors for males. The association between age 14BDand age of sexual initiation was influenced through a combination of genetic and environmental factors for females; however, age of sexual initiation does not appear to be a salient predictor of adult women's sexual risk‐taking behavior. Findings suggest that prevention programs aimed at reducing sexual risk behavior might target youth exhibitingBDby age 14, particularly males. More research is needed on what predicts adult sexual risk‐taking behavior for females.
Suboptimal vitamin D screening in older patients with compromised skeletal health
Authors: Rianon Nahid J. , Murphy Kathleen P. , Guanlao Rodrigo , Hnatow Matthew , De Leon Elaine , Selwyn Beatrice J. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractsRationale, aims and objectivesIncreasing number of primary care visits for osteoporosis by older patients combined with new vitamin D screening recommendations necessitate primary care providers (PCPs) to identify and screen at‐risk patients. We described prevalence and determinants of vitamin D screening among older patients treated for osteopoenia, osteoporosis and related fractures in academic outpatient primary care clinics (family medicine and geriatric medicine) in Houston, TX.MethodsElectronic chart review collected data on patients ≥50 years old from January 2008 to December 2010. Orders for serum 25‐hydroxy vitamin D indicated vitamin D screening. Differences in patient characteristics were described between the groups with and without vitamin D screening. Age, body mass index, racial/ethnic background, bone‐promoting medication (BPM) use and clinic types (family medicine versus geriatric medicine) were determinants for vitamin D screening in the regression analysis.ResultsPatients were mostly women (95%), Caucasian (65%) and had a mean age of 69 ± 12 years. Twenty‐two per cent of the family medicine clinic patients (total n = 78) and 51% of the geriatric medicine clinics patients (total n = 70) were screened. Older age (odds ratio, 0.94 confidence interval = 0.90–0.99) and BPM use (2.58, 1.03 to 6.45) were significant positive determinants for vitamin D screening.ConclusionsIn primary care clinics, vitamin D screening remains low among patients diagnosed with osteopoenia, osteoporosis and fractures. In light of new guidelines, suboptimal screening in the vulnerable older patients is disturbing. We recommend increased PCPs’ awareness about vitamin D screening guidelines for improving skeletal health in older patients.
Effect of dietary fat on intestinal inflammatory diseases
Authors: Hokari Ryota , Matsunaga Hisayuki , Miura Soichiro 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDietary fat has multiple roles on human health, and some dietary fat is used to treat organic diseases because of its anti‐inflammatory effect. It is commonly accepted that omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) is beneficial on ischemic heart disease or rheumatic arthritis. On the contrary, effect of omega‐3‐PUFA on Crohn's disease remained controversial. That effect of omega‐3 PUFA differs according to the location of inflamed intestine was hypothesized. To elucidate this hypothesis, to investigate the role of dietary fat on disease activity in different kind of murine models of intestinal inflammatory diseases was planned. The effect of omega‐3 PUFA on small intestinal Crohn's disease model and large intestinal Crohn's disease model of mice. Chronic colitis model C57BL/6 mice received two cycles of dextran sodium sulfate solution treatment to induce chronic colitis. Feeding of omega‐3 fat‐rich diets exacerbated colitis with decrease in adiponectin expression. Chronic small intestinal inflammation model: SAMP1/Yit mice showed remarkable inflammation of the terminal ileum spontaneously. Feeding of omega‐3 fat‐rich diets for 16 weeks significantly ameliorated the inflammation of the terminal ileum. Enhanced infiltration of leukocytes and expression of mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule‐1 in intestinal mucosa was significantly decreased by omega‐3 fat‐rich diets treatment. Omega‐3 PUFA has dual role, pro‐/anti‐inflammatory, on intestinal inflammatory diseases. The role of omega‐3 fat and the potential for immunonutrition in inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract will be discussed.
Refeeding syndrome: Screening, incidence, and treatment during parenteral nutrition
Authors: Walmsley Russell S 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe possible deleterious effects of feeding after a period of prolonged starvation have been known for over 60 years. The resultant biochemical disturbance, symptoms, and signs have been termed the refeeding syndrome (RS). The key to the pathophysiology is the stimulation of insulin release resulting in anabolic activity. Depleted electrolyte and micronutrient stores are overwhelmed and cellular function disrupted.A concise definition of RS is not agreed and hampers interpretation of clinical data. Hypophosphatemia and appearance of tissue edema/pathological fluid shifts are the most often agreed diagnostic criteria.The characteristics of particular patient groups at risk have been recognized for some time, and there are guidelines from the National Institute for Clinical Excellence in the UK to aid recognition of individuals at high risk along with protocols for initiating nutrition.Using loose diagnostic criteria, RS appears to occur in 4% of cases of parenteral nutrition (PN) when case records were reviewed by experts in a large study into PN care in the UK. Disappointingly, prescribers recognized only 50% of at risk cases. Early data from a similar study in New Zealand appear to show a similar pattern.Prospective series looking at patients receiving nutrition support in institutions with Nutrition Support Teams have found an incidence of 1–5%.RS is still underrecognized. Patients receiving PN should be counted as being in a high‐risk category and feeding protocols to avoid RS applied. Low rates of RS then occur and death from this cause be avoided.