bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The epidemiology of gonorrhoea in London: a Bayesian spatial modelling approach
Authors: Le POLAIN De WAROUX O. , HARRIS R. J. , HUGHES G. , CROOK P. D. 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYData obtained from genitourinary medicine clinics through a comprehensive surveillance system were used in a Bayesian mixed-effects Poisson regression model to explore socio-demographic individual and ecological risk factors for gonorrhoea in London, as well as its spatial clustering. The spatial analysis was performed at the Middle-layer Super Output Area level (median population size 7200). A total of 12452 individuals were diagnosed during the 2-year study period (2009–2010). The study confirmed the presence of ‘core areas’ of high incidence, and identified ‘core’ high-risk groups, in particular young adults (16–29 years), males, black Caribbeans and more deprived areas. The individual (age, sex, ethnicity) and area-level (deprivation, teenage pregnancies, students) model covariates accounted for 48% of the variance. Most of the remaining variance was explained by the spatial effect, thus capturing other spatially distributed factors associated with gonorrhoea, such as local sexual networks. These findings will be useful in identifying areas for targeted interventions, such as STI testing and health promotion.
Functional analysis of TaABF1 during abscisic acid and gibberellin signalling in aleurone cells of cereal grains
Authors: Harris Lauren J. , Martinez Sarah A. , Keyser Benjamin R. , Dyer William E. , Johnson Russell R. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe wheat transcription factor TaABF1 physically interacts with the protein kinase PKABA1 and mediates both abscisic acid (ABA)-induced and ABA-suppressed gene expression. In bombarded aleurone cells of imbibing grains, the effect of TaABF1 in down-regulating the gibberellin (GA)-inducedAmy32bpromoter was stronger in the presence of exogenous ABA. As these grains contained low levels of endogenous ABA, the effect of TaABF1 may also be mediated by ABA-induced activation even in the absence of exogenous ABA. Levels of TaABF1 protein decreased slightly during imbibition of afterripened grains. However, TaABF1 levels (especially in aleurone layers) were not substantially affected by exogenous ABA or GA, indicating that changes in TaABF1 protein level are not an important part of regulating its role in hormone signalling. We found that TaABF1 was phosphorylatedin vivoin aleurone cells, suggesting a role for post-translational modification in regulating TaABF1 activity. Induction ofAmy32bby overexpression of the transcription factor GAMyb could not be prevented by TaABF1, indicating that TaABF1 acts upstream ofGAMybtranscription in the signalling pathway. Supporting this view, knockdown of TaABF1 by RNA interference resulted in increased expression from theGAMybpromoter. These results are consistent with a model in which TaABF1 is constitutively present in aleurone cells, while its ability to down-regulateGAMybis regulated in response to ABA.
Place and food insecurity: a critical review and synthesis of the literature
Authors: Carter Megan Ann , Dubois Lise , Tremblay Mark S 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectiveIn some high-income countries, a sizeable proportion of households are estimated to be food insecure. It is well known that food insecurity varies between countries and is strongly tied to household income level. The local environment may be another level of influence, which has been relatively understudied. The present review sought to synthesize and critically appraise the existing literature examining local environmental characteristics in relation to individual/household-level food insecurity in the general population.DesignA systematic search strategy was used to search MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-process and Other Non-indexed, EMBASE, PsychINFO, Social Services Abstracts and Sociological Abstracts databases for studies examining local place characteristic(s) in relation to self-reported food insecurity.SettingStudies could be experimental or observational, but had to be published in a peer-reviewed journal in French or English, and involve individuals from developed countries. ‘Place’ was defined locally, as ranging from the street to the county level.SubjectsThe target population for the review included non-institutionalized individuals in the general population.ResultsAfter obtaining full-text articles, eighteen primary studies met the eligibility criteria. Most studies were conducted in the USA and all but one was cross-sectional. Seven of the eleven studies that examined location of residence found that rural living was inversely associated with food insecurity. Mixed results were seen for other place measures such as social capital and distance to food stores.ConclusionsStudies were heterogeneous and had various limitations that preclude definitive conclusions from being drawn. Recommendations for future research are provided.
Efficacy of a store-based environmental change intervention compared with a delayed treatment control condition on store customers’ intake of fruits and vegetables
Authors: Ayala Guadalupe X , Baquero Barbara , Laraia Barbara A , Ji Ming , Linnan Laura 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe present store-based intervention was designed to promote sales of fruits and vegetables (F&V) to increase intake among store customers – specifically customers of tiendas, small-to-medium-sized Latino food stores.DesignFour tiendas were randomized to a 2-month environmental change intervention or a delayed treatment control condition. Employees and managers were trained to promote F&V sales, including how to implement a food marketing campaign and installing store equipment to promote fresh fruits and vegetables. The primary outcome was self-reported daily intake of F&V among a convenience sample of customers (at least forty per store) collected at baseline prior to randomization and then 4 months later. In addition, changes in availability of F&V in the tiendas, using unobtrusive observational methods, provided evidence of intervention fidelity.SettingTiendas in central North Carolina.SubjectsParticipants included 179 customers who were recent immigrants from Mexico and Central America.ResultsA group-by-time interaction approached significance on daily servings of F&V; intervention customers reported an increase in F&V intake over time and as a function of the intervention (P ≤ 0·06). Unexpectedly, self-efficacy for consuming more fruits (P ≤ 0·01) and more vegetables (P ≤ 0·06) decreased. In our store-level analyses, a group-by-time interaction was observed for availability of fresh and canned vegetables; the intervention increased availability of vegetables but not fruit.ConclusionsEnvironmental change strategies to promote healthy eating are needed given the rates of obesity and diabetes in the Latino population. A store-based intervention was moderately effective at increasing customers’ reported F&V intake. Such strategies can have a public health impact on underserved populations.
Does availability of informal care within the household impact hospitalisation?
Authors: Weaver France M. , Weaver Bryce A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis study assesses the effect of having informal support available at home on inpatient care use in Switzerland. The main contributions are to consider the availability of care regardless of its source, measured by multiple-adult living arrangements, and to examine this effect by type of inpatient care and source of potential support. A two-part model with region and time fixed effects is estimated to determine the impact of informal care availability on the likelihood of hospitalisation and length of stay, conditional on hospitalisation. The analysis is conducted on a sample of individuals aged 18+ from four waves of the Swiss Household Panel survey (2004–2007). Overall, availability of informal care has no impact on the likelihood of hospitalisation but does significantly reduce length of stay by 1.9 days. Available support has no effect on the shortest stays (up to 10 days), but has a significant impact on acute care stays up to 30 days and longer stays. Additionally, the effect does not significantly vary whether the source of informal support is a spouse only, a spouse and other adults, or other adults only. These results indicate that social changes leading to an expansion in the proportion of one-person households may increase future inpatient care use.
MODEL THEORY OF MEASURE SPACES AND PROBABILITY LOGIC
Authors: KUYPER RUTGER , TERWIJN SEBASTIAAN A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe study the model-theoretic aspects of a probability logic suited for talking about measure spaces. This nonclassical logic has a model theory rather different from that of classical predicate logic. In general, not every satisfiable set of sentences has a countable model, but we show that one can always build a model on the unit interval. Also, the probability logic under consideration is not compact. However, using ultraproducts we can prove a compactness theorem for a certain class of weak models.
Finite element modelling of seawater intrusion in Wadi Ham aquifer, UAE
Authors: Javadi A.A. , Sherif M.M. , Abd‐Elhamid H.F. 
Published: April 2013

PurposeSeawater intrusion represents a major problem in many coastal aquifers all over the world. It degrades the water‐quality and hence the groundwater may become unsuitable for domestic and agriculture purposes. Due to the direct hydraulic contact between the freshwater and saline water in coastal aquifers and the density difference between the two water bodies, the seawater migrates inland. The problem is exacerbated when the groundwater abstraction rates exceed the natural recharge from rainfall events. The key to controlling this problem is to maintain the proper balance between water being pumped from the aquifer and the amount of water recharging it. The purpose of this paper is to present a coupled transient finite element model for simulation of fluid flow and solute transport in soils with application to study seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers.Design/methodology/approachThe model includes coupling of fluid flow and solute transport. Transient density‐dependent flow and the dependency of dispersion on velocity are considered. After validation, the model is applied to predict the seawater intrusion in the Wadi Ham aquifer, UAE in vertical sections and the results are compared with those from a commercial code (SEWAT) which was used to simulate seawater intrusion in the aquifer in a horizontal section.FindingsA good agreement is observed between the results of the current model in the vertical cross‐section and those of SEWAT in the horizontal cross‐section for the case of Wadi Ham. The results show that the model can predict the extent of seawater intrusion (and the transition zone) and distribution of salt concentration in the aquifer with a good accuracy.Originality/valueThe developed model includes coupling of fluid flow and solute transport in saturated and unsaturated porous media. Transient density‐dependent flow and the dependency of dispersion on velocity are considered. The model has been applied to a real world case study. A combination of the results in vertical and horizontal sections has been used to build a 3D picture of seawater intrusion in the aquifer.
Interface fracture of hybrid joint of glass‐/steel‐fiber composite
Authors: Boseman M.F. , Kwon Y.W. , Loup D.C. , Rasmussen E.A. 
Published: April 2013

PurposeIn order to connect a fiberglass composite structure to a steel structure, a hybrid composite made of glass and steel fibers has been studied. The hybrid composite has one end section with all glass fibers and the opposite end section with all steel fibers. As a result, it contains a transition section in the middle of the hybrid composite changing from glass fibers to steel fibers. The purpose of this paper is to examine interface strength at the glass to steel fiber transition section, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the hybrid composite as a joining technique between a polymer composite structure and a metallic structure.Design/methodology/approachThe present micromechanical study considers two types of glass to steel fiber joints: butt and overlap joints. For the butt joint, the end shape of the steel fiber is also modified to determine its effect on interface strength. The interface strength is predicted numerically based on the virtual crack closure technique to determine which joint is the strongest under various loading conditions such as tension, shear and bending. Numerical models include resin layers discretely. A virtual crack is considered inside the resin, at the resin/glass‐layer interface, and at the resin/steel‐layer interface. The crack is located at the critical regions of the joints.FindingsOverall, the butt joint is stronger than the overlap joint regardless of loading types and directions. Furthermore, modification of an end shape of the middle fiber layers in the butt joint shifts the critical failure location.Originality/valueThe paper describes one of a few studies which investigated the interface strength of the hybrid joint made of fiberglass and steel‐fiber composites. This joint is important to connect a polymeric composite structure to a metallic structure without using conventional mechanical joints.
An introduction to computer viruses: problems and solutions
Authors: Khan Imran 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss various types of computer viruses, along with their characteristics, working, effects on the computer systems and to suggest measures for detecting the virus infection in a computer system and to elaborate means of prevention.Design/methodology/approachThe author undertook an extensive study and review of the literature available online and on relevant web sites on the present topic.FindingsA large number of viruses were found during the study, which are causing serious damages to computer systems. The author suggests ways to detect and prevent the different computer viruses.Research limitations/implicationsThe research is based on and limited to the study of the relevant literature available on different relevant web sites.Practical implicationsThe research will benefit business organizations, business houses, educational institutions and libraries working in fully computerized environments, in detection of viruses and preventing infection of their computer systems.Social implicationsThe society will also benefit by attaining knowledge about the different types of computer viruses and the measures of prevention of infection.Originality/valueThere are a number of studies and articles available on the topic but almost all of them appear to be incomplete in the sense that either they discuss only a limited number of known viruses or suggest only limited ways of prevention. The paper has made an attempt to discuss almost all the computer viruses and every possible way of prevention of infection from them.
AAAS's 37th Annual Forum on Science and Technology Policy
Authors: Arthur Mihram G. 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThis article aims to report on the 2012 AAAS Forum on Science and Technology Policy, held 26‐27 April 2012 in Washington, DC, at the Ronald Reagan Building and International Trade Center. Its major focus this year was the current “intertwined budget and political crises”.Design/methodology/approachThis report includes an overview of the themes of the several panel discussions conducted at the Forum.FindingsThere were two or three of the panels which addressed issues of particular interest to librarians and information specialists, such as copyright protection and the need for support, likely legislative in nature, for archival repositories in our digital depositories.Originality/valueThis report provides insights on the preparation of the upcoming FY 2013 Federal budget in the areas of science and technology. Various themes in science and technology research are highlighted by the Forum's several panels.
The African Public Library Summit, Johannesburg, South Africa, September 19‐21, 2012
Authors: Weah T. Michael 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThis conference report aims to detail proceedings of the African Public Library Summit, Johannesburg, South Africa.Design/methodology/approachThis conference report results from the author's attendance at the meeting.FindingsThe conference was a positive and motivating step for libraries and librarians in Liberia.Originality/valueThis is a unique report of the conference.
Using a digital preservation system to ensure access to online digital content
Authors: Gust Philip 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss the benefits of integrating a digital preservation system into the library as a way to ensure uninterrupted access to e‐journals and e‐books.Design/methodology/approachThis paper introduces the concept of a digital preservation system, and shows how it can made to benefit end‐users through a simple integration with the online pubic access catalogue (OPAC), to ensure continuous access to a library's e‐journals and e‐books.FindingsA digital preservation system ensures that libraries continue to have access to on‐line assets once a subscription is cancelled or the publisher discontinues access. It extends the traditional library model of print journals and books on the shelf to encompass digital media. Providing end‐user access to preserved content can be simplified by integrating the online public access catalogue (OPAC) with the digital preservation system through a link resolver. End‐users can access the preserved content using an interface they already know, and the integration guards against publisher outages to provide continuous access to the library's digital collection.Practical implicationsThe techniques shown in this paper can be extended to integrating digital preservation systems with other library systems.Originality/valueThis paper illustrates a simple way for the library to ensure that end‐users have un‐interrupted access to digital assets, even if it is necessary to cancel a subscription or there is a temporary disruption in service from the publisher.
NewGenLib 3: an integrated open source library management system that makes your library visible in web
Authors: Giri Rabishankar 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide an introduction to NewGenLib 3.0, as well as a case study which seeks to document the experiences of using NewGenlib3.0.Design/methodology/approachThe paper provides description on technology used and the architecture of NewGenlib3.0. It also documented the experience of using NewGenlib 3.0 in the Learning Resource Center of Indira Gandhi Institute of Technology as well as views about NewGenLib3.0 from participants of OSS workshops.FindingsUse of well designed system analysis along with well tested and widely supported OSS components and opens standards makes it a very user friendly and reliable Integrated Library Management software which can be easily implemented in a library without much technical hand or a rigorous training program. The open source development process facilitated the sharing and collaboration that made this rapid improvement possible.Research limitations/implicationsIn this paper, NewGenLib version 3.0.3 U5 has been tested and used, but 3.0.4 R1 released recently has not been tested.Practical implicationsThe paper will help other libraries that are considering the possibility of using Open Source Integrated Library Management software in determining the most suitable one.Originality/valueThe paper provides a unique account of a library's experience as well as software architectures and some evaluation by workshop participants.
Professional profile of digital repository manager
Authors: Repanovici Angela 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to undertake professional profiling of the trustworthy digital repositories managers. Starting from the ISO standard: trustworthy digital repositories, 2011, an interdisciplinary high education program was designed and adapted to the requirements and skills of the electronic information managers.Design/methodology/approachThe interdisciplinary study program “Advanced systems for libraries, archives and museums”, which is proposed will be disseminated to the 2011 graduates. An online questionnaire is generated and distributed to the engineering students and information science students. The research was developed at Transilvania University.FindingsThe digital repository manager is a very important job for the future of the society. The engineering students proposed very precise topics in the field of IT, skills meant to predict the size of these databases and to assure fast information recovery systems, the ones from information science proposed topics for information management, copyright conditions and information security. This is the premise of creating an attractive curriculum.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample size limits the extent of statistical analyses and possible generalizations. The planned qualitative research may help in confirmation of the repository manager profiles.Originality/valueThe proposed model may be generalized. The profile of the digital repositories manager is of great interest throughout the world. This paper describes a unique approach and could be transferred to other countries and communities.
Transformation of the scholarly communication cycle
Authors: Sawant Sarika 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThe article aims to explore the changes taking place over time in the scholarly communication process.Design/methodology/approachWith the help of available literature, the traditional scholarly communication process is compared and contrasted with the open access driven scholarly communication process/model.FindingsIt has been observed that the Web 2.0 has affected the way knowledge is created and disseminated. New avenues of the peer review process are taking place, which is an integral part of the scholarly communication process. The article ends with some thoughts on the future of scholarly communication and the challenges ahead.Originality/valueThe present paper attempts to summarize the scholarly communication process from two different perspectives, i.e. traditional and open access driven.