bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of the Distribution of Excited [2 + 2] Cyclic Reaction Paths through Conical Intersection by CiLC Analysis
Authors: Sakai Shogo , Nakamura Keita , Ito Shoko 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The excitation of singlet reaction paths through a conical intersection for the [2 + 2] photocycloaddition of two ethylene molecules was studied by the complete active space self-consistent-field method. The electronic states in the conical intersection region were analyzed by the CiLC (CI/LMO/CASSCF) method. Drastic variations in the bond weights observed by CiLC analysis at the circle around the conical intersection corresponded with those observed by dynamic reaction coordinate calculations. The conical intersection was found to have a polarized conformation.
Formation of Thin Molecularly Imprinted Hydrogel Layers with Lectin Recognition Sites on SPR Sensor Chips by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization
Authors: Kuriu Yoshiaki , Kawamura Akifumi , Uragami Tadashi , Miyata Takashi 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
We prepared lectin-imprinted hydrogel layers on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor chips by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). In a buffer solution with a target protein, the SPR signal and binding constant of the lectin-imprinted hydrogel layer chip were much larger than those of the nonimprinted hydrogel layer chip prepared without using a template lectin. By molecular imprinting with ATRP, recognition sites for the target lectin were formed within thin hydrogel layers on the SPR sensor chips. The lectin-imprinted hydrogel layer chips with recognition sites for target protein are candidates for highly sensitive sensor devices for an SPR sensing system.
Pain after laparoscopic antireflux surgery
Authors: Bunting DM , Szczebiot L , Peyser PM 
Published: February 2014

Introduction The benefits of antireflux surgery are well established. Laparoscopic techniques have been shown to be generally safe and effective. The aim of this paper was to review the subject of pain following laparoscopic antireflux surgery. Methods A systematic review of the literature was conducted using the PubMed database to identify all studies reporting pain after laparoscopic antireflux surgery. Publications were included for the main analysis if they contained at least 30 patients. Operations in children, Collis gastroplasty procedures, endoluminal fundoplication and surgery for paraoesophageal hernias were excluded. The frequency of postoperative pain was calculated and the causes/management were reviewed. An algorithm for the investigation of patients with pain following laparoscopic fundoplication was constructed. Results A total of 17 studies were included in the main analysis. Abdominal pain and chest pain following laparoscopic fundoplication were reported in 24.0% and 19.5% of patients respectively. Pain was mild or moderate in the majority and severe in 4%. Frequency of pain was not associated with operation type. The authors include their experience in managing patients with persistent, severe epigastric pain following laparoscopic anterior fundoplication. Conclusions Pain following laparoscopic antireflux surgery occurs in over 20% of patients. Some have an obvious complication or a diagnosis made through routine investigation. Most have mild to moderate pain with minimal effect on quality of life. In a smaller proportion of patients, pain is severe, persistent and can be disabling. In this group, diagnosis is more difficult but systematic investigation can be rewarding, and can enable appropriate and successful treatment.
A systematic review of patient reported outcomes and patient experience in enhanced recovery after orthopaedic surgery
Authors: Jones EL , Wainwright TW , Foster JD , Smith JRA , Middleton RG , Francis NK 
Published: February 2014

IntroductionOrthopaedic enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) providers are encouraged to estimate the actual benefit of ERAS according to the patient’s opinion by using patient generated data alongside traditional measures such as length of stay. The aim of this paper was to systemically review the literature on the use of patient generated information in orthopaedic ERAS across the whole perioperative pathway.MethodsPublications were identified using Embase™, MEDLINE®, AMED, CINAHL®(Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), the Cochrane Library and the British Nursing Index. Search terms related to experiences, acceptance, satisfaction or perception of ERAS and quality of life (QoL).FindingsOf the 596 abstracts found, 8 papers were identified that met the inclusion criteria. A total of 2,208 patients undergoing elective hip and knee arthroplasty were included. Patient satisfaction was reported in 6 papers. Scores were high in all patients and not adversely affected by length of stay. QoL was reported in 2 papers and showed that QoL scores continued to increase up to 12 months following ERAS. Qualitative methods were used in one study, which highlighted problems with support following discharge. There is a paucity of data reporting on patient experience in orthopaedic ERAS. However, ERAS does not compromise patient satisfaction or QoL after elective hip or knee surgery. The measurement of patient experience should be standardised with further research.
Traveling sayings as carriers of philosophical debate: From the intertextuality of the *Yucong 語叢 to the dynamics of cultural memory and authorship in Early China
Authors: Krijgsman Rens 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This article presents an analysis and a typology of traveling sayings commonly encountered in Early Chinese texts. Building on examples from both excavated and transmitted texts, and focusing on the Guodian *Yucong 1–3 in particular, it argues that some of these sayings travel from text to text because they were more likely to be remembered and transmitted than others. Much like the Wanderanekdote and lines from the Odes, these traveling sayings appear in alternated form across a variety of early texts. They were remembered because they provide a brief, highly structured and esthetically pleasing expression of an important philosophical problem. As a common resource in the cultural memory of Early China, traveling sayings were adapted to meet different argumentative agendas and tapped into a wide network of remembered, intertextual, associations to imbue them with meaning. I argue that the different ways in which these sayings were integrated into arguments, either through adaptation or by using definitions, reveal differences in interpretive strategy and changes in the mode in which early authors engaged with cultural memory. The paper concludes with implications for the study of early collections and the conceptualization of authorship and audience in Early China.
What is “rhetoric” anyway? Briared in words in Early China
Authors: Indraccolo Lisa 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The present article explores the applicability of the term “rhetoric” in a non-Western context and, in particular, the legitimacy of such an attempt in the case of Early China, where the Warring States period is traditionally considered as the golden age of early Chinese “rhetoric”. The pre-imperial and early imperial received literature provides good evidence for the employment of a well-established and clearly defined set of argumentative techniques in everyday political practice in ancient China. No handbook on such techniques has been handed down, and a proper term to define them as part of a broader, more structured activity that could match Western “rhetoric” does not appear until the medieval period. The article argues, however, that by applying a more fluid concept of “rhetoric” and by extending its scope beyond and across cultural boundaries it is not only possible but also legitimate to a certain extent to talk about a rhetorical tradition in the case of ancient China as well.
The importance of iron in the biosynthesis and assembly of [NiFe]-hydrogenases
Authors: Pinske Constanze , Sawers R. Gary 
Published: February 2014

Abstract[NiFe]-hydrogenases (Hyd) are redox-active metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible oxidation of molecular hydrogen to protons and electrons. These enzymes are frequently heterodimeric and have a unique bimetallic active site in their catalytic large subunit and possess a complement of iron sulfur (Fe-S) clusters for electron transfer in the small subunit. Depending on environmental and metabolic requirements, the Fe-S cluster relay shows considerable variation among the Hyd, even employing high potential [4Fe-3S] clusters for improved oxygen tolerance. The general iron sulfur cluster (Isc) machinery is required for small subunit maturation, possibly providing standard [4Fe-4S], which are then modified as required in situ. The [NiFe] cofactor in the active site also has an iron ion to which one CO and two CN- diatomic ligands are attached. Specific accessory proteins synthesize these ligands and insert the cofactor into the apo-hydrogenase large subunit. Carbamoyl phosphate is the precursor of the CN- ligands, and recent experimental evidence suggests that endogenously generated CO2 might be one precursor of CO. Recent advances also indicate how the machineries responsible for cofactor generation obtain iron. Several transport systems for iron into bacterial cells exist; however, in Escherichia coli, it is mainly the ferrous iron transporter Feo and the ferric-citrate siderphore system Fec that are involved in delivering the metal for Hyd biosynthesis. Genetic analyses have provided evidence for the existence of key checkpoints during cofactor biosynthesis and enzyme assembly that ensure correct spatiotemporal maturation of these modular oxidoreductases.
Fréchet algebraic deformation quantization
of the Poincaré disk
Authors: Beiser Svea , Waldmann Stefan 
Published: February 2014

Abstract.

Starting from formal deformation quantization we use an explicit
formula for a star product on the Poincaré disk

𝔻
n

$\mathbb {D}_n$

to
introduce a Fréchet topology making the star product
continuous. To this end a general construction of locally convex
topologies on algebras with countable vector space basis is
introduced and applied. Several examples of independent interest
are investigated as, e.g., group algebras over finitely generated
groups and infinite matrices. In the case of the star product on

𝔻
n

$\mathbb {D}_n$

the resulting Fréchet algebra is shown to have many
nice features: it is a strongly nuclear Köthe space, the symmetry
group

SU
(
1
,
n
)

$\mathrm {SU}(1, n)$

acts smoothly by continuous
automorphisms with an inner infinitesimal action, and evaluation
functionals at all points of

𝔻
n

$\mathbb {D}_n$

are continuous
positive functionals.
Intrinsic signs and lower bounds in real algebraic geometry
Authors: Okonek Christian , Teleman Andrei 
Published: February 2014

Abstract.

A classical result due to Segre states that on a real cubic surface in

ℙ
ℝ
3

$\mathbb {P}^3_\mathbb {R}$

there exist two kinds of real lines: elliptic and
hyperbolic lines. These two kinds of real lines are defined in an intrinsic
way, i.e., their definition does not depend on any choices of orientation data.
Segre's classification of smooth real cubic surfaces also shows that any such
surface contains at least 3 real lines. Starting from these remarks and
inspired by the classical problem mentioned above, our article has the
following goals: (a) We explain a general principle which leads to lower bounds in real
algebraic geometry. (b) We explain the reason for the appearance of intrinsic signs in the
classical problem treated by Segre, showing that the same phenomenon occurs in
a large class of enumerative problems in real algebraic geometry. (c) We illustrate these principles in the enumerative problem for real lines in
real hypersurfaces of degree

2
m
-
3

$2m-3$

in

ℙ
ℝ
m

$\mathbb {P}^m_\mathbb {R}$

.
Ideals of generalized invariants, local cohomology and Macaulay's double duality theorem
Authors: Smith Larry 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
We show how to compute a Macaulay dual class in local cohomology

H
𝔪
n

(
𝔽

[
V
]

)

$\hspace*{-0.56905pt}H^n_\mathfrak {m}(\mathbb {F}[V])\hspace*{-0.85358pt}$

for an given ideal

I
(
𝒮
)
⊂
𝔽
[
V
]

$I(\mathcal {S}) \subset \mathbb {F}[V]$

of generalized invariants
associated to a set of reflections

𝒮
⊂
GL
(
n
,
𝔽
)

$\mathcal {S} \subset \text{GL}(n, \mathbb {F})$

that generate a
finite subgroup

G
(
𝒮
)
≤
GL
(
n
,
𝔽
)

$G(\mathcal {S}) \le \text{GL}(n, \mathbb {F})$

. We then apply this in the case
that the coinvariant algebra

𝔽

[
V
]

G
(
𝒮
)

$\mathbb {F}[V]_{G(\mathcal {S})}$

is a
fixed point free Poincaré duality algebra to obtain a
Macaulay dual for the Hilbert ideal

𝔥
(
G
(
𝒮
)
)

$\mathfrak {h}(G(\mathcal {S}))$

of

G
(
𝒮
)

$G(\mathcal {S})$

.
A topological approach to the nilpotent multipliers of a free product
Authors: Mashayekhy Behrooz , Mirebrahimi Hanieh , Vasagh Zohreh 
Published: February 2014

Abstract.
In this paper, using the topological interpretation of the Baer invariant

𝒱
M
(
G
)

$\mathcal {V}M(G)$

of a group G with respect to an arbitrary variety

𝒱

$\mathcal {V}$

, we extend a result of Burns and Ellis [Math. Z. 226 (1997), 405–428] on the second nilpotent multiplier of a free product of two groups to the c-nilpotent multipliers for all

c
≥
1

$c\ge 1$

. In particular, we show that

M

(
c
)

(
G
*
H
)

≅

M

(
c
)

(
G
)

⊕

M

(
c
)

(
H
)

$M^{(c)}(G\ast H)\cong M^{(c)}(G)\oplus M^{(c)}(H)$

when G and H are finite groups with some conditions or when G and H are two perfect groups.
On some real-valued step-functions with strange measurability properties
Authors: Kharazishvili Alexander B. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract.
We analyze Sierpiński's example of a real-valued Lebesgue measurable
function on

ℝ

$\mathbb {R}$

which is not bounded from above by any
real-valued Borel function. In this context, some real-valued step-functions
with analogous properties are discussed.
Competency of Monte Carlo and Black–Scholes in pricing Nifty index options: A vis-à-vis study
Authors: Singh Vipul Kumar 
Published: February 2014

Abstract.
This paper endeavors to evaluate the computational competency of Monte Carlo in option pricing.
The paper compares the price effectiveness of four variants of Monte Carlo, namely variance reduction, Antithetic, IQ, and the Quasi-Monte Carlo, with the classical Black–Scholes model, for the most recent disturbed phase of the economy.
To test the quality of variants of Monte Carlo and Black–Scholes this paper uses, as input to the model, three
well-known techniques of implied volatility, at-the-money (ATM), volatility index (VIX) and parametric implied volatility (IV).
This enables both objectives to be realized simultaneously, and sheds light on the forecasting capabilities of implied volatilities.
The research shows that Monte Carlo with parametric implied volatility gives the best performance.
Empirical tests show no significant difference between variants of Monte Carlo, nor any effect from the quality of the input parameters.
Synthesis of Bendable Plasticized Nanocomposite Polymer Electrolyte
Using Poly(Acrylonitrile)/Poly (Methyl Methacrylate) Polymer Blends
Authors: Flora Xavier Helan , Ulaganathan Mani , Kesavan Karuppiah , Rajendran Somasundaram 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
A class of nanocomposite polymer electrolytes (NCPE) with high ionic
conductivity was prepared by blending of poly(acrylonitrile) and
poly(methyl methacrylate) polymers. Lithium
bis(trifluoromethanesulfonimide) (LiN(CF3SO2)2), Ethylene
carbonate (EC), Barium titanate (BaTiO3) was used as ionic salt,
plasticizers and ceramic filler, respectively. Role of inorganic
ceramic filler on structural and ionic conductivity of the polymer
electrolyte was investigated for various concentrations of
BaTiO3 filler. The structural elucidation, complex formation of
the prepared electrolytes is ascertained from XRD, FTIR analysis. All
the samples were subjected to complex ac impedance analysis for
obtaining the bulk resistance of the composite electrolytes. It was
found that the sample containing 10 wt. % of filler showed
maximum ionic conductivity than the other samples. Thermal stability
and surface morphology of the composite polymer electrolytes were also
examined by thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron
microscope, respectively.
Signatures of Sex-Antagonistic Selection on Recombining Sex Chromosomes
Authors: Kirkpatrick Mark , Guerrero Rafael F 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Sex-antagonistic (SA) selection has major evolutionary consequences: it can drive genomic change, constrain adaptation, and maintain genetic variation for fitness. The recombining (or pseudoautosomal) regions of sex chromosomes are a promising setting in which to study SA selection because they tend to accumulate SA polymorphisms and because recombination allows us to deploy the tools of molecular evolution to locate targets of SA selection and quantify evolutionary forces. Here we use coalescent models to characterize the patterns of polymorphism expected within and divergence between recombining X and Y (or Z and W) sex chromosomes. SA selection generates peaks of divergence between X and Y that can extend substantial distances away from the targets of selection. Linkage disequilibrium between neutral sites is also inflated. We show how the pattern of divergence is altered when the SA polymorphism or the sex-determining region was recently established. We use data from the flowering plant Silene latifolia to illustrate how the strength of SA selection might be quantified using molecular data from recombining sex chromosomes.
Patient Characteristics and Disposition After Pediatric Medical Emergency Team (MET) Activation: Disposition Depends on Who Activates the Team
Authors: Lobos Anna-Theresa , Fernandes Rachel , Ramsay Tim , McNally James Dayre 
Published: February 2014

Objectives:
This study focused on health care staff (HCS) responsible for activating the medical emergency team (MET) at a pediatric tertiary hospital using a well-established rapid response system. Our goals were to report the patient characteristics, MET interventions, and disposition by activating HCS.

Methods:
This is a retrospective cohort study of pediatric patients who received MET activation at the Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario in Ottawa, Canada. Data were obtained from a prospectively maintained rapid response system database. The primary outcome was PICU admission, with the number and type of interventions performed as secondary outcomes.

Results:
The most common MET activators were physicians (410, 53.3%) with nurses generating a comparable number (367, 47.7%). Significant differences in PICU admission rates were observed between activator groups, with physicians having statistically higher PICU admission rates when compared with nurses (25.2% vs 15.0%, P = .001). Compared with physicians, nursing-led activations on surgical patients had significantly lower odds of PICU admission relative to medical patients (odds ratio 0.19 vs 0.67; P = .03). No significant difference was observed in the type or number of interventions between any subgroup based on patient (surgery vs medical) or activator type.

Conclusions:
This study suggests that when nurses activate MET, patients are less likely to be transferred to the PICU despite receiving similar type and number of interventions. Our study results may help direct education initiatives aimed at enhancing the effectiveness of the afferent limb through informing specific HCS as to the importance of their role in using the MET.
Inpatient Hospitalizations for Croup
Authors: Narayanan Sridaran , Funkhouser Ellen 
Published: February 2014

Objectives:
Croup is a common childhood respiratory illness that can result in hospitalization and significant morbidity. This study reviewed records of patients hospitalized with croup to determine characteristics associated with increased inpatient treatment and length of stay (LOS).

Methods:
Eligible patients were admitted between January 2006 and December 2010 and had discharge diagnosis of croup. Patients were included if they received either racemic epinephrine or systemic corticosteroids during their emergency department or hospital treatment. Patients were excluded for incomplete data on medication or vital signs timing. Hospitalization and treatment decisions were at the discretion of the treating physician.

Results:
The study analyzed 365 hospitalizations involving 327 patients, 72% male, 62% white, with median age of 16.7 months. Median LOS was 31.7 hours. Patients required racemic epinephrine treatments after hospitalization in 179 cases (49%; mean, 1.33 treatments; range, 0–13; median, 0), and 176 patients (48%) received a dose of systemic corticosteroids after hospital admission. Patients who required racemic epinephrine treatments after hospitalization were indistinguishable from those who did not, based on demographics, past history, or presenting vital signs. Patients with history of croup, history of intubation, or with oxygen saturation &lt;95% on presentation all had increased LOS compared with those without these findings (P &lt; .05).

Conclusions:
Fifty-one percent of patients hospitalized with croup did not require inpatient racemic epinephrine treatments. Those with lower oxygen saturations on presentation or past history of croup or intubation were more likely to have prolonged or complicated hospital course.
Electromagnetic interaction between a laser beam and semiconductor nanowires deposited on different substrates: Raman enhancement in Si Nanowires
Authors: Anaya J. , Jimenez J. , Rodriguez A. , Rodríguez T. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTRaman scattering of Si nanowires (NWs) presents antenna effects. The electromagnetic resonance depends on the electromagnetic coupling of the system laser/NW/substrate. The antenna effect of the Raman signal was measured in individual NWs deposited on different substrates, and also free standing NWs in air. The one phonon Raman band in NWs can reach high intensities depending on the system configuration; values of Raman intensity per unit volume more than a few hundred times with respect to bulk substrate can be obtained.
Solution Processed Resistive Random Access Memory Devices for Transparent Solid-State Circuit Systems
Authors: Wang Yiran , Chen Bing , Liu Dong , Gao Bin , Liu Lifeng , Liu Xiaoyan , Kang Jinfeng 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTA solution-processed method is developed to fabricate fully transparent resistive random access memory (RRAM) devices with a configuration of FTO/ZrO2/ITO, where the zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) layer was firstly deposited on fluorine tin oxide (FTO) substrate by sol-gel and then indium tin oxide (ITO) films were deposited on ZrO2 layer by sol-gel as the top electrodes.The solution processed FTO/ZrO2/ITO based RRAM devices show the fully transparency and excellent bipolar resistance switching behaviors. The resistance ratio between high and low resistance states was more than 10, and more than 100 switching cycles and good data retention and multilevel resistive switching have been demonstrated.