bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growing Hyperbranched Polymers Using Natural Sunlight
Authors: Yan Jun-Jie , Sun Jiao-Tong , You Ye-Zi , Wu De-Cheng , Hong Chun-Yan 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn nature, a sapling can grow into a big tree under irradiation of sunlight. In chemistry, a similar concept that a small molecule only exposing to sunlight grows into a hyperbranched macromolecule has not been realized by now. The achievement of the concept will be fascinating and valuable for polymer synthesis wherein sunlight is inexpensive, abundant, renewable and nonpolluting. Herein, we report a new strategy in which small monomers can directly grow into big hyperbranched macromolecule under irradiation of sunlight without any catalyst.
Rational syntheses of core-shell Fex@Pt nanoparticles for the study of electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Jang Ji-Hoon , Lee Eunjik , Park Jinwoo , Kim Gunn , Hong Suklyun , Kwon Young-Uk 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe report on the syntheses of core-shell Fex@Pt (x = 0.4–1.2) nanoparticles (NPs) with Pt-shell thickness systematically controlled while the overall particle size is constant. The syntheses were achieved via one-pot ultrasound-assisted polyol synthesis (UPS) reactions. Fe1.2@Pt showed a record-breaking high core-element content (55 at%) of core-shell NPs. Based on observations from a series of control experiments, we propose a mechanism of the NPs' formation that enables control of shell thickness in UPS reactions. Fex@Pt NPs showed drastic enhancements in mass and specific activity for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and significantly enhanced durability compared to commercial Pt NPs. Fex@Pt with a 1 (monolayer) ML Pt shell showed the highest activity. The ab initio density functional theory calculations on the binding energies of oxygen species on the surfaces of Fex@Pt NPs showed that the 1 ML case is most favourable for the ORR and in good agreement with the experimental results.
Identification of QTLs conferring resistance to downy mildew in legacy cultivars of lettuce
Authors: Simko Ivan , Atallah Amy J. , Ochoa Oswaldo E. , Antonise Rudie , Galeano Carlos H. , Truco Maria Jose , Michelmore Richard W. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractMany cultivars of lettuce (Lactuca sativaL.), the most popular leafy vegetable, are susceptible to downy mildew disease caused byBremia lactucae. Cultivars Iceberg and Grand Rapids that were released in the 18thand 19thcenturies, respectively, have high levels of quantitative resistance to downy mildew. We developed a population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) originating from a cross between these two legacy cultivars, constructed a linkage map and identified two QTLs for resistance on linkage groups 2 (qDM2.1) and 5 (qDM5.1) that determined resistance under field conditions in California and the Netherlands. The same QTLs determined delayed sporulation at the seedling stage in laboratory experiments. Alleles conferring elevated resistance at both QTLs originate from cultivar Iceberg. An additional QTL on linkage group 9 (qDM9.1) was detected through simultaneous analysis of all experiments with mixed-model approach. Alleles for elevated resistance at this locus originate from cultivar Grand Rapids.
A symptomatic Fabry disease mouse model generated by inducing globotriaosylceramide synthesis
Authors: Taguchi Atsumi , Maruyama Hiroki , Nameta Masaaki , Yamamoto Tadashi , Matsuda Junichiro , Kulkarni Ashok B. , Yoshioka Hidekatsu , Ishii Satoshi 
Published: October 2013

Fabry disease is a lysosomal storage disorder in which neutral glycosphingolipids, predominantly Gb3 (globotriaosylceramide), accumulate due to deficient α-Gal A (α-galactosidase A) activity. The GLAko (α-Gal A-knockout) mouse has been used as a model for Fabry disease, but it does not have any symptomatic abnormalities. In the present study, we generated a symptomatic mouse model (G3Stg/GLAko) by cross-breeding GLAko mice with transgenic mice expressing human Gb3 synthase. G3Stg/GLAko mice had high Gb3 levels in major organs, and their serum Gb3 level at 5–25 weeks of age was 6–10-fold higher than that in GLAko mice of the same age. G3Stg/GLAko mice showed progressive renal impairment, with albuminuria at 3 weeks of age, decreased urine osmolality at 5 weeks, polyuria at 10 weeks and increased blood urea nitrogen at 15 weeks. The urine volume and urinary albumin concentration were significantly reduced in the G3Stg/GLAko mice when human recombinant α-Gal A was administered intravenously. These data suggest that Gb3 accumulation is a primary pathogenic factor in the symptomatic phenotype of G3Stg/GLAko mice, and that this mouse line is suitable for studying the pathogenesis of Fabry disease and for preclinical studies of candidate therapies.
Serum deprivation inhibits the transcriptional co-activator YAP and cell growth via phosphorylation of the 130-kDa isoform of Angiomotin by the LATS1/2 protein kinases
Authors: Adler Jacob J. , Johnson Derrick E. , Heller Brigitte L. , Bringman Lauren R. , Ranahan William P. , Conwell Michael D. , Sun Yang , Hudmon Andy , Wells Clark D. 
Published: October 2013

Significance
This study defines a unique mechanism controlling the activation of Hippo signaling and consequent inhibition of cell growth. Specifically, serum starvation is found to induce the large tumor suppressor (LATS)1/2 kinases to phosphorylate and thus stabilize the 130 kDa isoform of the membrane-associated polarity protein angiomotin (Amot130). As a consequence, Amot130 recruits the E3 protein-ubiquitin ligase atrophin-1 interacting protein 4. This multiprotein complex then signals the degradation of Yes-associated protein (YAP) and the inhibition of cell growth. These findings significantly modify our current view that YAP phosphorylation by LATS1/2 is sufficient for its inhibition in mammals and thus for growth arrest.
Modulation of macrophage phenotype by cell shape
Authors: McWhorter Frances Y. , Wang Tingting , Nguyen Phoebe , Chung Thanh , Liu Wendy F. 
Published: October 2013

SignificanceMacrophages are central regulators of the immune response during infection and wound healing, and their behavior is largely thought to be regulated by soluble factors in the microenvironment. Here, we find that adhesive cues are also critical for regulating the proinflammatory vs. prohealing state of these cells. We use engineered cell culture substrates to control cell shape and find that elongation of cells promotes a prohealing phenotype. Moreover, we identify key molecular pathways that are responsible for transducing physical cues to the biochemical cues that govern this response. Together, these studies suggest an important role for cell shape in regulating macrophage function.
Model-driven optimization of multicomponent self-assembly processes
Authors: Korevaar Peter A. , Grenier Christophe , Markvoort Albert J. , Schenning Albertus P. H. J. , de Greef Tom F. A. , Meijer E. W. 
Published: October 2013

Significance
The molecular organization of semiconducting molecules is extremely important for the performance of functional organic materials in electronic devices. The processing of these materials often leads to multiple assembly pathways toward different types of molecular organizations. Hence, directing the assembly process toward the desired type of organization requires many trial-and-error optimization steps. In this paper, we introduce an approach to optimize these self-assembly processes. Based on experiments with a system that assembles into 1D helices in solution, we have developed models to describe the dynamics of multicomponent self-assembly processes. These models simulate the experimental data very well and allow us to understand and avoid, or alternatively attenuate, the entrapment of materials in nonequilibrium assemblies.
Greatwall is essential to prevent mitotic collapse after nuclear envelope breakdown in mammals
Authors: Álvarez-Fernández Mónica , Sánchez-Martínez Ruth , Sanz-Castillo Belén , Gan Pei Pei , Sanz-Flores María , Trakala Marianna , Ruiz-Torres Miguel , Lorca Thierry , Castro Anna , Malumbres Marcos 
Published: October 2013

Significance
Nuclear envelope breakdown (NEB) leads to the exposure of nuclear structures to cytoplasmic activities. Greatwall is a kinase able to inhibit PP2A phosphatases that counteract Cdk-dependent phosphorylation required for mitosis. Here we show that Greatwall, an essential protein in mammals, is exported to the cytoplasm in a Cdk-dependent manner before NEB, thus protecting mitotic phosphates from phosphatase activity.
Astrocyte control of synaptic NMDA receptors contributes to the progressive development of temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Clasadonte Jerome , Dong Jinghui , Hines Dustin J. , Haydon Philip G. 
Published: October 2013

Significance
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a chronic brain disorder characterized by the occurrence of spontaneous recurrent seizures. Much of our knowledge of epilepsy is based on how neurons contribute to this disorder. Here we provide a view in which glial cells (astrocytes) contribute to the progressive development of TLE. We have combined a model of epilepsy that more closely mimics the complex features of seizures in epileptic patients, with astrocyte-specific molecular genetics to identify how astrocytes modulate the progressive development of TLE, including seizure occurrence, brain damage, and behavioral deficits. We provide evidence of the glial regulation of neuronal NMDA receptors in this process. This study identifies astrocytes as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of epilepsy.
Implication of the anti-inflammatory bioactive lipid prostaglandin D2-glycerol ester in the control of macrophage activation and inflammation by ABHD6
Authors: Alhouayek Mireille , Masquelier Julien , Cani Patrice D. , Lambert Didier M. , Muccioli Giulio G. 
Published: October 2013

Significance
2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) is an endogenous bioactive lipid implicated in numerous (patho)physiological processes. 2-AG classically activates the cannabinoid receptors, and its activity is terminated by enzymatic hydrolysis. The main enzyme studied in this context is monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL). Although its inhibition, to increase 2-AG levels, has proven beneficial, it is hindered by psychotropic side effects due to drastically elevated brain 2-AG. Here we show the anti-inflammatory effects of inhibition of another 2-AG hydrolase, α/β-hydrolase domain 6, without the side effects associated with MAGL inhibition. We also show that 2-AG decreases macrophage activation and this effect is not mediated by its classical receptors. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a cyclooxygenase-2–derived metabolite of 2-AG, prostaglandin D2-glycerol ester, is responsible for the documented effects.
Predictive effects of teachers and schools on test scores, college attendance, and earnings
Authors: Chamberlain Gary E. 
Published: October 2013

Significance
This study measures the predictive effect of teachers on adult outcomes. The data are based on elementary and middle school classrooms, grades four through eight. For a classroom, there is an average score based on a math or reading test given near the end of the school year. There are also later outcome measures for that classroom. These measures include the fraction of the classroom that is attending college at age 20 and the average earnings of the classroom at age 28. The predictive effects are based on observing multiple classrooms with the same teacher.
Pore waters regulate ion permeation in a calcium release-activated calcium channel
Authors: Dong Hao , Fiorin Giacomo , Carnevale Vincenzo , Treptow Werner , Klein Michael L. 
Published: October 2013

Significance
Calcium channel dysfunction is implicated in cardiac arrhythmias and immunodeficiency disorders. The recent publication of the crystal structure of a calcium ion channel denoted CRAC has allowed us to use atomic-level computer simulation to begin to understand the mechanism of ion permeation through this ubiquitous and vital cell entry pathway. Our computations identify pore water molecules as a crucial contributor in governing the channel conductance characteristics not only of the wild-type protein but also a disease-related mutant. The present study should be helpful for research designed to improve treatment of immune diseases caused by disrupted calcium signaling.
Impacts of Aging Error on Walleye Management in the Winnebago System
Authors: Koenigs Ryan P. , Bruch Ronald M. , Kamke Kendall K. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The age data used to manage Walleye Sander vitreus fisheries are not always accurate, as otoliths typically provide more accurate age estimates for larger, older Walleyes than dorsal spines. We assessed the impacts that the aging error associated with the use of dorsal spines has on the estimated age distribution, growth and mortality rates, and yield per recruit for Walleyes in the Winnebago system, Wisconsin. Age distributions derived from otolith age estimates more accurately portrayed variable recruitment than those derived from dorsal spine age estimates. The mean estimates of instantaneous total annual mortality developed from sex-specific catch curves were greater when dorsal spine age estimates were used (0.515 for males, 0.493 for females) than when otolith age estimates were (0.349 for males, 0.396 for females), with most of the differences being observed in natural mortality estimates. The von Bertalanffy growth models were not significantly different, but the yield-per-recruit models (which rely heavily on von Bertalanffy model parameters) incorporating spine age data produced average yield estimates 50–70% lower than the models developed from otolith ages. The yield-per-recruit models derived from spine-determined ages also resulted in lower recommendations as to the age and size of fish for maximum yield at all exploitation levels than the models developed from otolith age data. The mean dorsal spine and otolith age estimates were similar for male Walleyes &lt;457 mm and female Walleyes &lt;508 mm, but for larger fish otoliths yielded significantly older ages than spines. Given the economic and social impacts of the Winnebago system Walleye fishery, we recommend exclusive use of otoliths to obtain the most accurate estimates of fish age, growth, mortality, and yield. In populations in which the sacrifice of large quantities of fish is not acceptable, we recommend using spines to estimate the ages of smaller fish (males &lt;457 mm, females &lt;508 mm) and otoliths to estimate the ages of fish larger than these critical lengths.
Received December 26, 2012; accepted June 10, 2013
A Bioenergetics Approach to Assessing Potential Impacts of Avian Predation on Juvenile Steelhead during Freshwater Rearing
Authors: Frechette Danielle , Collins Alison L. , Harvey James T. , Hayes Sean A. , Huff David D. , Jones Andrew W. , Retford Nicolas A. , Langford Alina E. , Moore Jonathan W. , Osterback Ann-Marie K. , Satterthwaite William H. , Shaffer Scott A. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Avian predation on juvenile salmonids is an important source of mortality in freshwater and estuarine habitats when birds and salmonids overlap spatially and temporally. We assessed the potential impact of avian predation upon juvenile steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss in a coastal watershed in central California. We conducted stream surveys between 2008 and 2010 to determine the composition, distribution, and density of piscivorous birds in areas that provide rearing habitat for juvenile steelhead. The most commonly sighted bird species were common mergansers Mergus merganser and belted kingfishers Megacyrle alcyon. The density of avian predators varied spatially and temporally but was greatest in the estuary regardless of season and decreased with increasing distance from the estuary. In the absence of local predator diet data, we applied a bioenergetics model to estimate the potential predation on juvenile steelhead by mergansers and kingfishers in the Scott Creek estuary. Model parameters included (1) published values of bird energetic requirements and steelhead energy density, (2) the number of birds present in the estuary during the closure period (from stream surveys), and (3) the size frequency and abundance of steelhead present in the estuary during closure. We predicted the extent of predation for different values of steelhead in bird diets, accounting for uncertainty in the estimates using a Monte Carlo simulation approach. With the assumed contribution of steelhead to the diet ranging from 20% to 100%, the population of kingfishers foraging in the Scott Creek estuary had the potential to remove 3–17% of annual production, whereas mergansers had the potential to remove 5–54% of annual steelhead production. Our results suggest that predation by avian species, particularly mergansers, is an important source of mortality for threatened steelhead populations in central California and should be addressed in future salmonid research and recovery planning.
Received February 13, 2013; accepted June 4, 2013
Impact of Reservoir Elevation during the Spawning Season on the Distribution of Bull Trout Redds
Authors: Barnett Heidy K. , Paige Dwayne K. , Belknap William C. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Adfluvial Bull Trout Salvelinus confluentus reside in Chester Morse Lake (CML), a major reservoir in the City of Seattle water supply system on the central west slope of the Cascade mountain range, Washington. Annual surveys over a 12-year period (2000–2011) were used to investigate the spatial distribution of adfluvial Bull Trout redds in river systems of CML relative to reservoir elevation. Because reservoir elevations were lower in the spawning season than during the incubation period, some redds placed in river reaches near the reservoir were vulnerable to cumulative effects from impending inundation as reservoir levels increased and as fine sediments settled across gravel substrates. Higher average elevation of CML during the peak period of spawning caused significantly lower percentages of Bull Trout redds in lowermost river reaches, where fluctuating water levels could adversely affect incubating eggs (R 2 = 0.73). Annually, the proportion of redds distributed within habitat reaches where inundation, as indicated by mean CML elevation during the incubation period, could affect them, varied from 1% to 18%. However, a greater proportion of annual Bull Trout redds (10–68%) fell within the maximum reservoir elevation during the incubation period. These results suggest that maintaining moderate reservoir elevations during the spawning season and holding the reservoir near this elevation through the incubation period can lower the effect on incubating Bull Trout redds. The implications for water level management to benefit adfluvial Bull Trout derived from this data set could also be applicable in similar systems, especially where knowledge of temporal and spatial distribution of salmonid spawning is available.
Received November 13, 2012; accepted June 17, 2013
Sluiceway Operations to Pass Juvenile Salmonids at The Dalles Dam, Columbia River, USA
Authors: Johnson Gary E. , Khan Fenton , Skalski John R. , Klatte Bernard A. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Existing ice and trash sluiceways are commonly used as benign, nonturbine routes for downstream passage of juvenile salmonids at hydropower dams. At The Dalles Dam on the Columbia River, we studied various operational configurations of sluiceway weirs to maximize sluiceway passage of juvenile Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. and steelhead O. mykiss. We applied hydroacoustic methods to compare fish passage rates and sluiceway efficiencies for two weir configurations in each year: three weirs (SL 1; i.e., collectively referring to the three weirs above main turbine unit [MU] 1) versus six weirs (SL 1+18) during 2004; and middle (SL 2+5) versus east (SL 2+19) powerhouse weir locations during 2005. Horizontal distributions at the sluiceway and turbines and the effects of operating turbines beneath open sluiceway gates were also analyzed. Sluiceway passage efficiency relative to the powerhouse (SLYphs) varied between study years, between spring and summer, and between day and night. In 2004, sluiceway passage rates were significantly higher (P = 0.0003) for SL 1+18 than for SL 1 during summer–night but were not significantly different between the two configurations during the other three season–day/night periods. The SLYphs was significantly higher for SL 1+18 than for SL 1. The location comparison during 2005 revealed no significant differences between the SL 2+5 and SL 2+19 configurations, except for summer–day. The experimental findings led to recommendations for long-term operations of The Dalles Dam sluiceway: open six rather than three sluiceway weirs to take advantage of the maximum hydraulic capacity of the sluiceway; open the three weirs above the westernmost operating MU and the three weirs at SL 8, where turbine passage rates are relatively high; operate the MUs below open sluiceway weirs as a standard procedure; operate the sluiceway 24 h/d year-round to maximize its benefits to juvenile salmonids; and use the same weir configuration year-round. These operational concepts are transferable to dams where sluiceway surface flow outlets are used to protect downstream-migrating fishes.
Received July 19, 2012; accepted June 26, 2013
Development of a Stock–Recruitment Model and Assessment of Biological Reference Points for the Lake Erie Walleye Fishery
Authors: Zhao Yingming , Kocovsky Patrick M. , Madenjian Charles P. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
We developed an updated stock–recruitment relationship for Lake Erie Walleye Sander vitreus using the Akaike information criterion model selection approach. Our best stock–recruitment relationship was a Ricker spawner–recruit function to which spring warming rate was added as an environmental variable, and this regression model explained 39% of the variability in Walleye recruitment over the 1978 through 2006 year-classes. Thus, most of the variability in Lake Erie Walleye recruitment appeared to be attributable to factors other than spawning stock size and spring warming rate. The abundance of age-0 Gizzard Shad Dorosoma cepedianum, which was an important term in previous models, may still be an important factor for Walleye recruitment, but poorer ability to monitor Gizzard Shad since the late 1990s could have led to that term failing to appear in our best model. Secondly, we used numerical simulation to demonstrate how to use the stock recruitment relationship to characterize the population dynamics (such as stable age structure, carrying capacity, and maximum sustainable yield) and some biological reference points (such as fishing rates at different important biomass or harvest levels) for an age-structured population in a deterministic way.
Received September 21, 2012; accepted July 2, 2013