bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Evaluation of Changes in Brain Activity and Cognitive Function of Edentulous Patients, with Dentures and Two‐Implant Supported Mandibular Overdenture‐Pilot Study
Authors: Banu R Fathima , Veeravalli Padmanabhan T. , Kumar V Anand 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe relationship between brain and prosthesis was previously assessed either by improving denture function or in fixed implant retained, wherein brain function was assessed only after crown placement.PurposeTo prospectively analyze the changes in brain activity and cognitive function of completely edentulous patients in edentulous state, with dentures and two‐implant supported mandibular overdenture before and after loading, along with the effect of mastication in the change – a pilot study.Materials and MethodTen completely edentulous (CE) non‐denture wearers were selected. The mandibular prosthesis was loaded with two 3.3 mm × 13 mm myriad snap fit implants. To assess the brain activity and cognitive function, Electroencephalogram (Neurofax EEG 1000 Ver 05–90, Nihon Kohden corporation, Tokyo, Japan) and Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) questionnaire, respectively, were taken during the process of rehabilitation. EEG assessment was analyzed using Matlab 2011A 7.9 signal processing tool box. The results were statistically analyzed with SPSS 17.0 version using Wilcoxon signed rank and Friedman testResultsAmplitude, power of alpha waves and cognitive scores increased gradually with highest mean rank for implant supported overdenture (IOD). The bivariate analysis between two groups showed there was significant difference between all the groups (p < 0.05) except for groups CE‐I (completely edentulous – implant placement) and CD‐ I (complete denture insertion – implant placement) in amplitude of alpha waves while in group CD‐I with respect to power of alpha waves. MMSE revealed the mean of cognitive scores in Complete Edentulous was 17.40, Complete Denture was 18.30 and finally with Implant Overdenture was 23.80.ConclusionThe present study has enlightened the significance of two implant supported mandibular overdenture in improving the mental state of an individual and that the enhancement was due to functional improvement with prosthesis when loaded with implants and not due to mere existence of implant without any function.
Influence of Glycemic Control on Peri‐Implant Bone Healing: 12‐Month Outcomes of Local Release of Bone‐Related Factors and Implant Stabilization in Type 2 Diabetics
Authors: Ghiraldini Bruna , Conte Alexandre , Casarin Renato Correa , Casati Marcio Zaffalon , Pimentel Suzana Peres , Cirano Fabiano Ribeiro , Ribeiro Fernanda Vieira 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe poor glycemic status seems to be an important factor affecting implant complication rates, including peri‐implant bone loss.PurposeThis trial evaluated the influence of glycemic control of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients on implant stabilization and on the levels of bone markers in peri‐implant fluid during the healing.Materials and MethodsSystemically healthy patients (SH,n = 19), better‐controlled T2DM (BCDM,n = 16), and poorly controlled T2DM (PCDM,n = 16) indicated for implant therapy were recruited. The implant stability quotient (ISQ) was determined at implant placement, 3, 6, and 12 months. Levels of transforming growth factor‐ β (TGF‐β), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), osteopontin (OPN), osteocalcin (OC), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in the peri‐implant fluid were quantified at 15 days, and 3, 6, and 12 months, using the Luminex assay.ResultsOPG and OPN levels were higher in SH at 12 months than at15 days (p < .05), whereas OC and TGF‐β were lower in PCDM at 12 months compared with the 15‐day and 3‐month follow‐ups, respectively (p < .05). Inter‐group analyses showed lower OPN levels in PCDM compared with SH at 12 months (p < .05). The ISQ was higher at 12 months when compared with baseline and 3 months in SH (p < .05), whereas no differences were observed during follow‐up in diabetics, regardless of glycemic control (p > .05). No difference in ISQ was observed among groups over time (p > .05).ConclusionPoor glycemic control negatively modulated the bone factors during healing, although T2DM, regardless of glycemic status, had no effect on implant stabilization.
A retrospective evaluation of aesthetic outcomes for single‐tooth implants in the anterior maxilla
Authors: Boardman Nicholas , Darby Ivan , Chen Stephen 
Published: March 2015

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate objective and patient‐centred aesthetic outcomes for single‐tooth implants in the anterior maxilla.Materials and methodsNinety‐eight patients (21 men and 77 women) with a mean age of 51.2 ± 13.8 years were included in this retrospective study. A total of 98 maxillary anterior single‐tooth implant crowns with a mean functional time of 68.1 months (range 12–245) were evaluated. Aesthetic outcomes were measured by PES and WES. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mood's median and stepwise logistic regression with backward elimination to assess the effect of patient demographics, clinical parameters and surgical methods on aesthetic outcome (P < 0.05).ResultsThe median PES was 11 and 94% of implants were deemed aesthetically acceptable. The median WES was 9 and 98% of implants were deemed aesthetically acceptable. The PES was positively influenced by the use of a connective tissue graft (CTG), adding 1 to the score (P = 0.002) and negatively influenced by membrane use (P = 0.026). Flapless techniques employed as part of an immediate implant placement protocol yielded better outcomes compared to flapped sites (P = 0.017). Immediate implant placement demonstrated greater variability in outcomes compared to early implant placement.ConclusionsSatisfactory objective and patient‐reported aesthetic outcomes were achieved with dental implants replacing missing single teeth in the anterior maxilla. The use of CTG improved the aesthetic outcome mainly by increasing the alveolar process contour. Less variation in outcomes was observed with early (type 2) placement compared to immediate (type 1 placement).
p‐Phenylenediamine exposure in real life – a case–control study on sensitization rate, mode and elicitation reactions in the northern Netherlands
Authors: Vogel Tatiana A. , Coenraads Pieter‐Jan , Bijkersma Laura M. , Vermeulen Karin M. , Schuttelaar Marie‐Louise A. ,   on behalf of the EDEN Fragrance Study Group
Published: March 2015

SummaryBackgroundThe prevalence of p‐phenylenediamine (PPD) sensitization is 4% in the patch tested population and varies between zero and 1.5% in the general population. Hair dye is a recognised sensitization source.ObjectivesTo define the prevalence rates of PPD sensitization in the general and patch tested populations of The Netherlands, and to gain insights into relationships between patch test strength and exposure sources.MethodsPatch test database cases were matched with population‐based controls. Analyses were performed based on demographic details, patch test reactions, and potential PPD exposure.ResultsPPD sensitization occurred in 3.3% of the patch tested population and in 1.3% of the general population. Hairdressers had a 4.4‐fold increased chance of being sensitized to PPD (p = 0.041), and black henna tattoos showed a tendency for a 2.3‐fold increased chance of sensitization (p = 0.081). Weak elicitation reactions were present in hairdressers and consumers. However, cases who had had black henna tattoos showed significantly more (extremely) strong patch test reactions upon elicitation (p = 0.015).ConclusionsThe prevalence rates in the patch tested and general population of The Netherlands are comparable with the prevalence rates of other mid‐European centres. PPD sensitization is often attributed to hair dye. However, this study shows that subjects sensitized by black henna tattoos present with very severe elicitation reactions, emphasizing the need for more strict policing the prohibition.
Strip patch testing does not affect reaction profiles of standard allergens
Authors: Dickel Heinrich , Kreft Burkhard , Geier Johannes 
Published: March 2015

SummaryBackgroundIt has been hypothesized that positive reactions in the strip patch test are irritant rather than allergic.ObjectiveTo study reaction profiles of the baseline series patch test substances applied routinely on tape‐stripped skin according to the reaction index (RI) and the positivity ratio (PR).Patients and methodsOne thousand two hundred and twenty‐eight consecutive patients were routinely strip patch tested with the baseline series between January 2011 and June 2013 (intervention group). On the basis of test reactions at D3/D4, the RI, and the PR, 25 standard allergens were analysed, and the results were compared with those obtained in 1161 patients patch tested conventionally from July 2008 to December 2010 (historical control group).ResultsNickel sulfate, fragrance mix I, cobalt chloride, Myroxylon pereirae (balsam of Peru) and colophonium showed the highest frequencies of positive reactions in both groups, without any significant differences. Of 25 patch test substances of the baseline series, 18 showed good reaction profiles in the intervention group, and 16 in the historical control group.ConclusionsReaction profiles of baseline series patch test substances remained largely unaffected by tape stripping the skin prior to patch testing. Thus, if conventional patch test results are presumed to be false‐negative, performance of the strip patch test can be recommended independently of the standard allergen.
Becoming Autonomous: Nonideal Theory and Educational Autonomy
Authors: Wilson Terri S. , Ryg Matthew A. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAutonomy operates as a key term in debates about the rights of families to choose distinct approaches to education. Yet, what autonomy means is often complicated by the actual circumstances and contexts of schools, families, and children. In this essay, Terri S. Wilson and Matthew A. Ryg focus on the challenges involved in translating an ideal of educational autonomy into the “nonideal” contexts and circumstances that surround families' choices. Drawing on the methodological insights of Elizabeth Anderson and John Dewey, they sketch out a nonideal approach for exploring autonomy. Wilson and Ryg particularly focus on Dewey's notion of an ideal, his treatment of autonomy as a concept, and his view of the self. Such a nonideal approach draws attention toward the specific circumstances, habits, and environments that make autonomy possible. Wilson and Ryg illustrate the salience of this nonideal approach by exploring one example of an empirically engaged study of autonomy.
On Moral Luck and Nonideal Moral Education
Authors: Chinnery Ann 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn contrast to the Kantian principle that we are morally accountable only for those actions over which we have control, Bernard Williams, Thomas Nagel, and others have argued that luck plays a significant role in the moral life. Put briefly, moral luck is at play when we are appropriately praised or blamed for our moral actions despite the fact that at least some aspects of what we are being judged for lie beyond our control. In this essay, Ann Chinnery discusses the concept and various types of moral luck, and draws on two news stories from the summer of 2013 (one involving an incident in the United States and the other in the United Kingdom) in order to suggest that a nonideal approach to moral education could go some way toward mitigating the morally limiting effects of “constitutive bad luck.”
Getting the Distance Right: Ideal and Nonideal Theory in Philosophy of Education
Authors: Shuffelton Amy B. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWhen the debate over the value of ideal and nonideal theory crosses from political philosophy into philosophy of education, do the implications of the debate shift, and, if so, how? In this piece, Amy Shuffelton considers the premise that no normative political theory, ideal or nonideal, is of any use to human beings unless it can be affiliated with a credible educational theory that connects human beings as they are to human beings as that theory requires them to become. In her response to the five articles in this symposium, Shuffelton addresses their overlapping yet varied treatments of human subjectivity as developed through education. If one accepts that ideal theory is the appropriate starting place for political philosophy because otherwise we would have no polestar by which to orient ourselves, Shuffelton concludes, a corresponding philosophy of education is required to survey the trajectory between here and wherever one aims to go. To do so, it needs to keep its feet on the ground, even as it looks to the stars. If, on the other hand, ideal theory fails to heed the Yankee truism that you can't get there from here, such that philosophers who attempt to do so inevitably get lost on back roads, philosophy of education is still necessary to chart paths to reachable destinations.
Experimental evidence for the effect of habitat loss on the dynamics of migratory networks
Authors: Betini Gustavo S. , Fitzpatrick Mark J. , Norris D. Ryan 
Published: March 2015

AbstractMigratory animals present a unique challenge for understanding the consequences of habitat loss on population dynamics because individuals are typically distributed over a series of interconnected breeding and non‐breeding sites (termed migratory network). Using replicated breeding and non‐breeding populations of Drosophila melanogaster and a mathematical model, we investigated three hypotheses to explain how habitat loss influenced the dynamics of populations in networks with different degrees of connectivity between breeding and non‐breeding seasons. We found that habitat loss increased the degree of connectivity in the network and influenced population size at sites that were not directly connected to the site where habitat loss occurred. However, connected networks only buffered global population declines at high levels of habitat loss. Our results demonstrate why knowledge of the patterns of connectivity across a species range is critical for predicting the effects of environmental change and provide empirical evidence for why connected migratory networks are commonly found in nature.
Research priorities in epilepsy for the Asia‐Oceanian region
Authors: Kwan Patrick , Cabral‐Lim Leonor , D'Souza Wendyl , Jain Satish , Lee Byung‐In , Liao Weiping , Lim Shih‐Hui , Otsuki Taisuke , Tan Chong‐Tin , Wantanabe Masako ,   the CAOA Research Task Force
Published: March 2015

SummaryThe Asia‐Oceanian region is the most populous region in the world. Although there has been substantial economic development and improvement in health services in recent years, epilepsy remains generally an underrecognized and understudied condition. To help promote research in the region, the Commission on Asian and Oceanian Affairs (CAOA) of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) appointed the Research Task Force (RTF) to facilitate the development of research priorities for the region. Research that focuses on issues that are unique or of particular importance in the Asia‐Oceanian region is encouraged, and that captures the impact of the dynamic socioeconomic changes taking place in the region is emphasized. Based on these considerations, we propose research “dimensions” as priorities within the Asia‐Oceanian region. These are studies (1) that would lead to fuller appreciation of the health burden of epilepsy, particularly the treatment gap; (2) that would lead to better understanding of the causes of epilepsy; (3) that would alleviate the psychosocial consequences of epilepsy; (4) that would develop better therapies and improved therapeutic outcomes; and (5) that would improve the research infrastructure.
Distribution of seizures across the menstrual cycle in women with epilepsy
Authors: Herzog Andrew G. , Fowler Kristen M. , Sperling Michael R. , Massaro Joseph M. ,   Progesterone Trial Study Group
Published: March 2015

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to determine whether seizure frequency and cycle days with seizure occurrence vary across the menstrual cycle. The subjects were the first 100 women with intractable focal onset seizures, 13–45 years old, who completed the baseline phase of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Progesterone Trial. Each subject recorded seizures and menses during a 3‐month baseline phase. Data consisted of (1) seizure numbers for each cycle day and (2) cycle days with seizure occurrence. Statistical comparisons of seizure frequency and days with seizures were performed using generalized estimating equation one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and logistic regression followed by pairwise multiple comparisons of days based on the least square means. Seizure numbers and cycle days with seizure occurrence varied across the menstrual cycle. There was an approximately twofold difference between the highest (day 1) and lowest (day −8) values for both seizure frequency and days with occurrence. The demonstration of variation in seizure frequency and cycle days with seizure occurrence across the menstrual cycle, as well as identification of specific days that have substantially higher or lower frequencies than other days, supports the existence of catamenial epilepsy.
Altered organization of face‐processing networks in temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Riley Jeffrey D. , Fling Brett W. , Cramer Steven C. , Lin Jack J. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryObjectiveDeficits in social cognition are common and significant in people with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), but the functional and structural underpinnings remain unclear. The present study investigated how the side of seizure focus impacts face‐processing networks in temporal lobe epilepsy.MethodsWe used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of a face‐processing paradigm to identify face‐responsive regions in 24 individuals with unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy (left = 15; right = 9) and 19 healthy controls. fMRI signals of face‐responsive regions ipsilateral and contralateral to the side of seizure onset were delineated in TLE and compared to the healthy controls with right and left sides combined. Diffusion tensor images were acquired to investigate structural connectivity between face regions that differed in fMRI signals between the two groups.ResultsIn TLE, activation of the cortical face‐processing networks varied according to side of seizure onset. In temporal lobe epilepsy, the laterality of amygdala activation was shifted to the side contralateral to the seizure focus, whereas controls showed no significant asymmetry. Furthermore, compared to controls, patients with TLE showed decreased activation of the occipital face‐responsive region on the ipsilateral side and an increased activity of the anterior temporal lobe in the side contralateral to the seizure focus. Probabilistic tractography revealed that the occipital face area and anterior temporal lobe are connected via the inferior longitudinal fasciculus, which in individuals with TLE showed reduced integrity.SignificanceTaken together, these findings suggest that brain function and white matter integrity of networks subserving face processing are impaired on the side of seizure onset, accompanied by altered responses on the side contralateral to the seizure.
Fuzzy rough set on probabilistic approximation space over two universes and its application to emergency decision‐making
Authors: Sun Bingzhen , Ma Weimin , Chen Xiangtang 
Published: March 2015

AbstractProbabilistic approaches to rough sets are still an important issue in rough set theory. Although many studies have been written on this topic, they focus on approximating a crisp concept in the universe of discourse, with less effort on approximating a fuzzy concept in the universe of discourse. This article investigates the rough approximation of a fuzzy concept on a probabilistic approximation space over two universes. We first present the definition of a lower and upper approximation of a fuzzy set with respect to a probabilistic approximation space over two universes by defining the conditional probability of a fuzzy event. That is, we define the rough fuzzy set on a probabilistic approximation space over two universes. We then define the fuzzy probabilistic approximation over two universes by introducing a probability measure to the approximation space over two universes. Then, we establish the fuzzy rough set model on the probabilistic approximation space over two universes. Meanwhile, we study some properties of both rough fuzzy sets and fuzzy rough sets on the probabilistic approximation space over two universes. Also, we compare the proposed model with the existing models to show the superiority of the model given in this paper. Furthermore, we apply the fuzzy rough set on the probabilistic approximation over two universes to emergency decision‐making in unconventional emergency management. We establish an approach to online emergency decision‐making by using the fuzzy rough set model on the probabilistic approximation over two universes. Finally, we apply our approach to a numerical example of emergency decision‐making in order to illustrate the validity of the proposed method.
Investigation on the mechanical properties and fracture toughness of graphite
Authors: Shahani A. R. , Nejadi M. M. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn the present study, mechanical properties and fracture toughness of graphite as a brittle material were investigated. At first, some specimens were examined in two perpendicular directions to derive Young's modulus and ultimate tensile strength. Then, graphite fracture toughness tests were conducted using some three‐point bending specimens with a sharp machined V‐notch by two different methods. The first method is based on the applied force at the moment of fracture, and the second one uses energy released during the test. Moreover, a technique was adopted to reduce differences between the two methods. It was observed that considering the effect of dehydration of the specimens, the fracture toughness was reduced by about 8%. Finally, crack growth simulation of the experiment was performed and indicated that finite element analysis predicts about 25% lower crack length values when critical energy release rate is utilized as a crack growth criterion instead of fracture toughness. In other words, the required input displacement for crack growth would be overestimated by using the critical energy release rate criterion.
Delayed cracking of low‐nickel austenitic stainless steel studied with constant load tensile testing
Authors: Papula S. , Talonen J. , Hänninen H. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractDelayed cracking in unstable low‐Ni austenitic stainless steel 204Cu was studied by constant load tensile testing. The developed testing arrangement enabled a systematical examination on the effect of applied stress, strain‐induced α′‐martensite and internal hydrogen content on time to fracture. Volume fraction of strain‐induced α′‐martensite was shown to affect cracking kinetics, except at a very high stress level. Hydrogen content had a marked effect on time to fracture, also at the highest applied stress level. When hydrogen content was reduced by annealing, delayed cracking kinetics and susceptibility were suppressed, and cracking required a considerably higher stress level. The apparent critical hydrogen content, below which delayed cracking was not observed, was about 0.85 wppm. According to scanning electron microscope and electron backscattering diffraction examination, fracture mechanism in the constant load test specimens was mainly transgranular quasi‐cleavage, and cracking propagated along α′‐martensite.