bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
H‐O‐S‐Cu‐Pb Isotopic Constraints on the Origin of the Nage Cu‐Pb Deposit, Southeast Guizhou Province, SW China
Authors: Jiaxi ZHOU , Jingsong WANG , Dezhi YANG , Jinhai LIU 
Published: March 2015

Abstract:The Nage Cu‐Pb deposit, a new found ore deposit in the southeast Guizhou province, southwest China, is located on the southwestern margin of the Jiangnan Orogenic Belt. Ore bodies are hosted in slate and phyllite of Neoproterozoic Jialu and Wuye Formations, and are structurally controlled by EW‐trending fault. It contains Cu and Pb metals about 0.12 million tonnes with grades of 0.2 wt% to 3.4 wt% Cu and 1.1 wt% to 9.27 wt% Pb. Massive and disseminated Cu‐Pb ores from the Nage deposit occur as either veinlets or disseminations in silicified rocks. The ore minerals include chalcopyrite, galena and pyrite, and gangue minerals are quartz, sericite and chlorite. The H‐O isotopic compositions of quartz, S‐Cu‐Pb isotopic compositions of sulfide minerals, Pb isotopic compositions of whole rocks and ores have been analyzed to trace the sources of ore‐forming fluids and metals for the Nage Cu‐Pb deposit. The δCuNBS values of chalcopyrite range from −0.09% to +0.33‰, similar to basic igneous rocks and chalcopyrite from magmatic deposits. δ65CuNBS values of chalcopyrite from the early, middle and final mineralization stages show an increasing trend due to 63Cu prior migrated in gas phase when fluids exsolution from magma. δ34SCDT values of sulfide minerals range from −2.7‰ to +2.8‰, similar to mantle‐derived sulfur (0±3‰). The positive correlation between δCuNBS and δ34SCDT values of chalcopyrite indicates that a common source of copper metal and sulfur from magma. δDH2O‐SMOW and δ18OH2O‐SMOV values of water in fluid inclusions of quartz range from −60.7‰ to −44.4‰ and +7.9‰ to +9.0‰ (T=260°C), respectively and fall in the field for magmatic and metamorphic waters, implicating that mixed sources for H2O in hydrothermal fluids. Ores and sulfide minerals have a small range of Pb isotopic compositions (208Pb/204Pb=38.152 to 38.384, 207Pb/204Pb=15.656 to 17.708 and 206Pb/204Pb=17.991 to 18.049) that are close to orogenic belt and upper crust Pb evolution curve, and similar to Neoproterozoic host rocks (208Pb/204Pb=38.201 to 38.6373, 207Pb/204Pb=15.648 to 15.673 and 206Pb/204Pb=17.820 to 18.258), but higher than diabase (208Pb/204Pb=37.830 to 38.012, 207Pb/204Pb=15.620 to 15.635 and 206Pb/204Pb=17.808 to 17.902). These results imply that the Pb metal originated mainly from host rocks. The H‐O‐S‐Cu‐Pb isotopes tegather with geology, indicating that the ore genesis of the Nage Cu‐Pb deposit is post‐magmatic hydrothermal type.
A 10‐year retrospective study of interhospital patient transport using inhaled nitric oxide in Norway
Authors: BUSKOP C. , BREDMOSE P. P. , SANDBERG M. 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundAnaesthesiologists from Oslo University Hospital have transported patients with severe oxygenation failure with inhaled nitric oxide (usually 20 ppm) from other hospitals to a tertiary care centre since 2002 in an effort to reduce the number of patients that otherwise would require transport with ongoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the patient safety during transport with inhaled nitric oxide.MethodsAll patient transports with ongoing nitric oxide treatment undertaken from 2003 to 2012 were identified in the transport database. The frequency of adverse events and their impact on patient safety were studied in addition to response to inhaled nitric oxide and adjusted intensive care treatment and time aspects of the transports. Information about in‐hospital treatment and survival were extracted from the hospital patient records.ResultsAdverse events were recorded in 12 of the 104 transports. Seven of the adverse events were due to malfunctioning technical equipment, three were related to medication other than the inhaled nitric oxide and two were related to ventilation. No adverse events resulted in permanent negative patient consequences or in discontinuation of the transport. Out of 104 patients, 79 responded to treatment with inhaled nitric oxide and other treatment changes by an increase in oxygen saturation of more than 5%. The 30‐day mortality was 27% in the group transported with inhaled nitric oxide.ConclusionTransporting patients on inhaled nitric oxide is an alternative in selected patients who would otherwise require extracorporeal membrane oxygenation during transport.
Renal haemodynamic response to amino acids infusion in an experimental porcine model of septic shock
Authors: VASSAL O. , BONNET J.‐M. , BARTHELEMY A. , ALLAOUCHICHE B. , GOY‐THOLLOT I. , LOUZIER V. , PAQUET C. , AYOUB J.‐Y. , DAUWALDER O. , JACQUET‐LAGRÈZE M. , JUNOT S. 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) is common in sepsis. Treatments allowing maintenance of renal blood flow (RBF) could help to prevent AKI associated with renal hypoperfusion. Amino acids (AA) have been associated with an increase of RBF and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in several species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of an AA infusion on RBF and GFR in a porcine model of septic shock.MethodsA total of 17 piglets were randomly assigned into three groups: Sham (Sham, n = 5), sepsis without AA (S‐NAA, n = 6), sepsis treated with AA (S‐AA, n = 6). Piglets preparation included the placement of ultrasonic transit time flow probes around left renal artery for continuous RBF measurement; ureteral catheters for GFR and urine output evaluation; pulmonary artery catheter for cardiac output (CO) and pulmonary arterial pressure measurements. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and renal vascular resistance (RVR) were also determined. Septic shock was induced with a live Pseudomonas aeruginosa infusion. Crystalloids, colloids and epinephrine infusion were used to maintain and restore MAP > 60 mmHg and CO > 80% from baseline.ResultsRenal haemodynamic did not change significantly in the Sham group, whereas RBF increased slightly in the S‐NAA group. Conversely, a significant increase in RVR and a decrease in RBF and GFR were observed in the S‐AA group. AA infusion was associated with a higher requirement of epinephrine [340.0 (141.2; 542.5) mg vs. 32.5 (3.8; 65.0) mg in the S‐NAA group P = 0.044].ConclusionAn infusion of amino acids impaired renal haemodynamics in this experimental model of septic shock.
Variation in Pediatric Emergency Department Care of Sickle Cell Disease and Fever
Authors: Ellison Angela M. , Thurm Cary , Alessandrini Evaline , Jain Shabnam , Cheng John , Black Kelly , Schroeder Lisa , Stone Kimberly , Alpern Elizabeth R. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractObjectivesThe objective was to study the variation in pediatric emergency department (PED) practice patterns for evaluation and management of children with sickle cell disease (SCD) and fever in U.S. children's hospitals.MethodsA cross‐sectional study of visits by children 3 months to 18 years of age with SCD and fever evaluated in 36 U.S. children's hospital PEDs within the 2010 Pediatric Health Information System database. The main outcome measures were the proportions of SCD visits that received evaluation (laboratory testing and chest radiographs [CXRs]) and treatment (parenteral administration of antibiotics) and were admitted for fever.ResultsOf the 4,853 PED visits for SCD and fever, 91.7% had complete blood counts (CBCs), 93.8% had reticulocyte counts, 93% had blood cultures obtained, 68.5% had CXRs, and 91.7% received antibiotics. Most (81.4%) patients received the recommended National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute evaluation (CBC, reticulocyte count, and blood culture) and treatment (parenteral antibiotics). In multivariate regression modeling controlling for hospital‐ and patient‐level effects, age groups ≥1 to <5 years (odds ratio [OR] = 0.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.25 to 0.40) and ≥5 to <13 years (OR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.32 to 0.50), and those visits that did not have CXRs had lower odds of hospital admission. After adjusting for age, payor status, receipt of laboratory testing, antibiotics, and CXRs, admission rates varied by sevenfold across U.S. children's hospitals (p < 0.001).ConclusionsStandardization of practice exists across children's hospitals regarding obtaining laboratory studies and administering antibiotics for patients with SCD and fever. However, admission rates vary significantly. Evaluating the causes and consequences of such significant variation needs further exploration to improve the quality of care for patients with SCD.
The Use of the Needle‐free Jet Injection System With Buffered Lidocaine Device Does Not Change Intravenous Placement Success in Children in the Emergency Department
Authors: Lunoe Maren M. , Drendel Amy L. , Brousseau David C. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractObjectivesThe needle‐free jet injection system with buffered lidocaine (J tip) has been shown to reduce pain for intravenous (IV) line insertion, but its relationship with successful IV placement has not been well studied. This study aimed to determine if J tip use is associated with improved first‐attempt IV placement success in children.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of children ages 1 to 18 years with need for emergent IV placement. Approximately 300 children were selected from each of three separate age groups: 1 to 2, 3 to 6, and 7 to 18 years. The standard treatment group (no device) included children with IV insertions from January 2009 through January 2010 with no J tip. The J tip treatment group (device) included children with IV insertions from December 2010 through December 2011 who received J tips. Successful IV placement on first attempt was the primary outcome. A chi‐square test was used to compare the proportion of first‐attempt success and logistic regression was performed to assess the effect of device use and patient age, sex, and race on first‐attempt success.ResultsA total of 958 children were identified, 501 in the no‐device group and 457 in the device group. The most common diagnoses were vomiting or dehydration (30.3%), trauma or burn (20.0%), and infection (15.5%). Overall, first‐attempt success was 69.0% and was similar between the no‐device (68.7%) and device (69.4%) groups (p = 0.81). No difference in first‐attempt success with the use of the device was found in any of the age groups. Multivariate analysis found that only age of 1 to 2 years was associated with lower odds of first‐attempt success when controlling for patient characteristics and device use.ConclusionsThe use of the J tip did not affect first‐attempt success for IV placement in children.
Enhanced Recovery After Surgery protocols for radical cystectomy surgery: review of current evidence and local protocols
Authors: Mir Maria C. , Zargar Homayoun , Bolton Damien M. , Murphy Declan G. , Lawrentschuk Nathan 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundRadical cystectomy (RC) remains a morbid procedure. The use of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) pathways has proven to reduce care time and post‐operative complications after colorectal surgery. There is a high potential for reducing morbidity associated with RC by utilizing ERAS in this setting. The purpose of this review is to examine the current evidence for ERAS in preoperative, intra‐operative and post‐operative setting of care for RC patients and to propose ERAS evidence‐based protocol for patients undergoing RC in the Australian and New Zealand environment.PreoperativePatient's medical optimization, avoidance of oral mechanical bowel preparation and emphasis on preoperative administration of high‐energy carbohydrate drinks from colorectal literature has led to inclusion of these strategies in the preoperative considerations of ERAS in RC.Intra‐operativeEpidural analgesia has an integral role in reducing surgical stress response, improving analgesia and expediting functional recovery and should be included in ERAS RC protocols. Of relevance is 72 h maximum length of its duration. With regard to minimally invasive approach to RC, despite encouraging results from high‐volume centres, high‐level evidence in this field are lacking (ongoing clinical trials). Standardized anaesthetic protocols with particular emphasis on perioperative fluid management are essential components of ERAS protocols.Post‐operativeAvoidance of routine nasogastric tube placement, early mobilization and multifaceted approach to optimization of gut function and elimination of post‐operative ileus are the cornerstones of post‐operative care in the setting of ERAS in RC patients.
Blood management in total hip replacement: an analysis of factors associated with allogenic blood transfusion
Authors: Wong Samuel , Tang Howard , de Steiger Richard 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to audit the blood transfusion practice throughout the Epworth Healthcare Hospitals for patients undergoing primary total hip replacement (THR). We determined if blood‐saving techniques were having an impact on the risk of allogenic blood transfusion and which patients were at risk of receiving allogenic blood transfusion.MethodsThis study uses a retrospective audit of 787 patients who had undergone primary THR surgery at three Melbourne hospitals: Epworth Richmond, Epworth Eastern and Epworth Freemasons in 2010. Patient demographics, transfusion requirements and blood‐conserving techniques were recorded.ResultsOne hundred and eighty (23%) patients received allogenic blood transfusion and 18 (2.3%) patients received autologous blood transfusion. On multivariate analysis, preoperative anaemia (odds ratio (OR) 4.7, P < 0.0001), female gender (OR 3.1, P < 0.0001) and patient age (OR 1.07 per year of age increase, P < 0.0001) were shown to be significantly associated with higher risk of allogenic blood transfusion. Use of spinal anaesthetic was found to be associated with lower risk of transfusion (OR 0.6, P = 0.0180) compared with general anaesthetic alone. Cell saver, acute normovolaemic haemodilution and re‐infusion drain tube usage did not have a significant impact on reducing the risk of allogenic blood transfusion.ConclusionIdentification of patients at risk of blood transfusion, correction of preoperative anaemia and a restrictive transfusion policy are important factors to consider in effective perioperative blood management.
Lessons from 150 years of UK maternal hemorrhage deaths
Authors: Kerr Robert Stuart , Weeks Andrew David 
Published: March 2015

We have reviewed maternal hemorrhage death rates in the UK over the past 150 years in order to draw lessons from this material for current attempts to reduce global maternal mortality. Mortality rates from data in the UK Annual Reports from the Registrar General were entered into a database. Charts were created to display trends in hemorrhage mortality, allowing comparison with historical medical advances. Hemorrhage death rates fell steadily before the 1930s; between 1874 and 1926 they fell by 56%. In contrast, there was no consistent reduction in overall maternal mortality rates until the 1930s; from 1932 to 1952 they fell by 85%, primarily due to a reduction in sepsis deaths. In conclusion the majority of maternal hemorrhage mortality reductions in the UK occurred prior to the availability of effective oxytocics, antibiotics, and blood transfusion. Improving access to and standards of maternal care is key to addressing global maternal mortality today.
HBV infection is associated with greater mortality in hospitalised patients compared to HCV infection or alcoholic liver disease
Authors: Rajbhandari R. , Danford C. J. , Chung R. T. , Ananthakrishnan A. N. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryBackgroundLittle is known about outcomes of Hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐related hospitalisations.AimTo compare the characteristics and outcomes of hospitalised HBV patients to those with Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and alcoholic liver disease (ALD), and to examine variables associated with poor outcomes.MethodsUsing the 2011 US Nationwide Inpatient Sample, we identified hospitalised patients with HBV, HCV or ALD‐related admissions using ICD‐9‐CM codes. We compared liver‐related complications between the three groups. Multivariable regression was performed to identify factors associated with in‐hospital mortality and length of stay.ResultsA total of 22 843 HBV, 203 300 HCV and 244 383 ALD‐related discharges were included. Cirrhosis was noted less commonly in those with HBV (69.1%) compared to HCV (83.9%) or ALD (80.9%) (P < 0.001). In contrast, hepatocellular cancer and acute liver failure were more common with HBV (16.5% and 5.2%) compared to HCV (10.4% and 2.8%) or ALD (2.5% and 4.9%) respectively (P < 0.0001). On multivariable analysis, adjusting for demographics, liver and nonliver comorbidity, HBV infection was associated with higher mortality compared to HCV infection [Odds ratio (OR) 1.21, 95% CI: 1.04–1.39) or ALD (OR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.05–1.40). Length of hospital stay was greater with HBV compared to HCV (+0.54 days) or ALD (+0.36 days). Among those with HBV, significant factors associated with mortality included renal failure, hepatocellular cancer, respiratory failure, ascites, coagulopathy and acute liver failure.ConclusionPatients hospitalised with HBV infection represent a particularly high‐risk group with poor in‐hospital outcomes and increased mortality compared to HCV infection or alcoholic liver disease.
PNPLA3 rs738409 I748M is associated with steatohepatitis in 434 non‐obese subjects with hepatitis C
Authors: Petta S. , Vanni E. , Bugianesi E. , Rosso C. , Cabibi D. , Cammà C. , Di Marco V. , Eslam M. , Grimaudo S. , Macaluso F. S. , McLeod D. , Pipitone R. M. , Abate M. L. , Smedile A. , George J. , Craxì A. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryBackgroundThe PNPLA3/Adiponutrin rs738409 C/G single nucleotide polymorphism is associated with the severity of steatosis, steatohepatitis and fibrosis in patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease, as well as the severity of steatosis and fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC).AimTo test in genotype 1(G1)‐CHC patients, the putative association between the PNPLA3 variant and histological features of steatohepatitis, as well as their impact on the severity of fibrosis.MethodsFour hundred and thirty‐four consecutively biopsied Caucasian G1‐CHC patients were genotyped for PNPLA3 rs738409, its effect evaluated by using an additive model. Histological features of steatohepatitis in CHC were assessed using the Bedossa classification. Hepatic expression of PNPLA3 mRNA was evaluated in 63 patients.ResultsThe prevalence of steatohepatitis increased from 16.5% in patients with PNPLA3 CC, to 23.2% in CG and 29.2% in the GG genotype (P = 0.02). By multiple logistic regression, PNPLA3 genotype (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.03–2.30, P = 0.03), together with age (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.00–1.05, P = 0.02), BMI ≥ 30 (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.04–4.10, P = 0.03) and homoeostasis model assessment (HOMA, OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.04–1.32, P = 0.006) were independently linked to steatohepatitis. When stratifying for obesity, PNPLA3 was associated with NASH in non‐obese patients only (12.0% in CC vs. 18.3% in CG vs. 27.3% in GG, P = 0.01), including after correction for metabolic confounders (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.26–3.36, P = 0.004). We showed an independent association between steatohepatitis (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.05–4.02, P = 0.003) and severe fibrosis. Higher liver PNPLA3 mRNA was associated both with the severity of steatosis (adjusted P = 0.03) and steatohepatitis after adjusting for gender, age, BMI and HOMA (P = 0.002).ConclusionIn patients with genotype 1 hepatitis C, the PNPLA3 G variant is associated with a higher risk of steatosis severity and steatohepatitis, particularly among non‐obese subjects.
Effects of dietary betaine on growth performance, fat deposition and serum lipids in broilers subjected to chronic heat stress
Authors: He Shaojun , Zhao Shujing , Dai Sifa , Liu Deyi , Bokhari Shehla Gul 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe evaluated the effects of supplementing betaine on growth performance, fat deposition and lipid metabolism status in broilers kept under chronic heat stress. Five hundred and forty chicks were randomly divided into six groups and the two normal temperature groups were held at normal ambient temperature and fed the basal diet (CONT) and basal diet plus 0.1% betaine, respectively. Heat stressed (HS) broilers were held at 32 ± 1°C from days 22 to 42 and fed the basal diet containing variable levels of betaine. Broilers were examined at days 28, 35 and 42 for body weight, feed consumption, fat deposition and serum lipids. The CONT and betaine‐supplemented groups showed higher (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05) feed consumption, body weight gain, and lower feed : gain ratio compared with the HS‐CONT group. Meanwhile, heat stress increased abdominal, intermuscular and subcutaneous fat deposition, whereas the supplemental betaine significantly decreased those compared with the HS‐CONT group. Additionally, betaine supplementation significantly decreased triglyceride, free fatty acids, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol compared with HS‐CONT. Chronic HS reduces broiler production performance. However, betaine can reverse these negative effects partially and thus improve carcass composition by changing lipid metabolism.
Anatomy and histochemistry of spread‐wing posture in birds. 4. Eagles soar with fast, not slow muscle fibres
Authors: Meyers Ron A. , McFarland Joshua C. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractSlow fibres are typically characterized as functioning in avian postural behaviours such as soaring flight and are described for a number of elite soarers such as vultures, pelicans and albatrosses. Golden Eagles and Bald Eagles also display soaring behaviour, and we examined their flight muscles for the presence of slow fibres. Surprisingly, eagles lack a deep layer to the pectoralis found in other soaring species. Additionally, the pectoralis as well as other shoulder muscles had few to no slow muscle fibres. The lack of functionally meaningful numbers of slow muscle fibres in eagle flight muscles indicates that they must rely on fast fibres for posture; these can function in that role due to their high aerobic capacity and also perhaps a ‘tuning’ of muscle contraction frequency to function more efficiently at isometric contractions.