bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Managing fish species under threat: case studies from the Native Fish Strategy for the Murray‐Darling Basin, Australia
Authors: Lintermans Mark , Lyon Jarod P. , Hames Fern , Hammer Michael P. , Kearns Joanne , Raadik Tarmo A. , Hall Arkellah 
Published: April 2014

SummaryThe Native Fish Strategy (NFS) for Australia's Murray‐Darling Basin was specifically targeted at managing and rehabilitating an entire fish community. Over half of the native fishes (24 of 44 known species) and four fish communities of the Murray‐Darling Basin (MDB) are listed as threatened at either national or state level. One of six ‘Driving Actions’ under the NFS focused on protecting threatened native fish species, and this study reviews a series of NFS case studies during and immediately after the Millennium Drought (1997–2010) which was south‐eastern Australia's worst drought on record. Fish rescues, breeding programmes, the creation of an emergency response contingency fund, and expert panels and workshops were all projects that contributed significantly to conserving threatened fishes. The diversity of approaches taken and lessons learned are highlighted, to formulate future directions for threatened fish recovery.
Management of alien fishes in the Murray‐Darling Basin
Authors: Barrett Jim , Bamford Heleena , Jackson Peter 
Published: April 2014

SummaryNative Fish Strategy 2003–2013 (NFS) investment over the past decade has considerably improved alien fish management for the Murray‐Darling Basin. The NFS delivered a wide and varied portfolio of activities on alien fish management – planning, social aspects, on‐ground management and a major investment in research. Control of Carp (Cyprinus carpio) was a key feature; however approaches moved beyond this one species to address multiple species and to take a more holistic approach, advocating integrated pest management and linking alien fish with native fish management and broader river rehabilitation. The NFS provided leadership for the management of alien fish in the Basin and established a framework to guide future efforts in this field through the development of a draft Basin Alien Fish Plan.
The role of governance in delivery of natural resource management programmes – a case study involving the restoration of freshwater fish communities in the Murray‐Darling Basin
Authors: Barwick Matt , Ansell Dean , Pritchard Janet , Korodaj Terry 
Published: April 2014

SummaryGood governance is crucial in the effective management of complex natural resources issues. There are many elements of effective governance, with recent work proposing eight principles relevant to natural resource management. In this study, we consider the Native Fish Strategy (NFS) – a long‐term plan for restoration and protection of native fish in the Murray‐Darling Basin (MDB) – as a case study to explore how these eight principles supported the programme's governance, and in particular, outcomes achieved for stakeholder engagement, knowledge generation and programme delivery. We present a scalable governance model derived from the examined case study, which we believe effectively, links science, management and community participation and would be useful for tackling natural resource management problems at a range of scales in other situations.
Cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light chain levels: marker of progression to generalized amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Tortelli R. , Copetti M. , Ruggieri M. , Cortese R. , Capozzo R. , Leo A. , D'Errico E. , Mastrapasqua M. , Zoccolella S. , Pellegrini F. , Simone I. L. , Logroscino G. 
Published: April 2014

Background and purposeTo evaluate whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neurofilament light chain (NFL) levels could predict the time to generalization (TTG) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).MethodsCerebrospinal fluid NFL levels of 37 cases of sporadic ALS were measured and the time of symptom spreading from spinal or bulbar localization to both (TTG) was evaluated in all patients.ResultsKaplan−Meier analysis showed a short TTG in patients with high NFL levels (log‐rank test chi‐squared = 19.4, P < 0.0001). In a multivariate regression model patients with NFL levels above the median had an eight‐fold higher risk of generalization (adjusted hazard ratio 7.9, 95% confidence interval 2.9–21.4, P < 0.0001) compared with those with NFL levels below the median.ConclusionsThis study shows that in sporadic ALS NFL, a marker of neurodegeneration, is correlated with TTG, a clinical intermediate parameter of survivorship.
Reproductive factors and Parkinson's disease risk in Danish women
Authors: Greene N. , Lassen C. F. , Rugbjerg K. , Ritz B. 
Published: April 2014

Background and purposeParkinson's disease is more common in men than women by a ratio of about 1.5:1 and yet there is no consensus to date as to whether female reproductive factors including hormone use affect Parkinson's disease risk. Our objective was to examine the relationship between Parkinson's disease and female reproductive factors in the largest population‐based Parkinson's disease case−control study to date.MethodsSeven hundred and forty‐three female Parkinson's disease cases diagnosed between 1996 and 2009 were selected from the Danish National Hospital Register, diagnoses confirmed by medical record review, and the cases were matched by birth year to 765 female controls randomly selected from the Danish Civil Registration System. Covariate information was collected in computer‐assisted telephone interviews covering an extensive array of topics including reproductive and lifestyle factors.ResultsAfter adjusting for smoking, caffeine and alcohol use, education, age, and family Parkinson's disease history, inverse associations between Parkinson's disease and early menarche (first period at ≤11 years), oral contraceptives, high parity (≥4 children) and bilateral oophorectomy were found; adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence limits were respectively 0.68 (0.45–1.03) for early menarche, 0.87 (0.69–1.10) for oral contraceptives, 0.79 (0.59–1.06) for high parity and 0.65 (0.45–0.94) for bilateral oophorectomy. Little support for associations between Parkinson's disease and fertile life length, age at menopause or post‐menopausal hormone treatment was found.ConclusionsReproductive factors related to women's early‐ to mid‐reproductive lives appear to be predictive of subsequent Parkinson's disease risk whereas factors occurring later in life seem less important.
Visual function and compensatory mechanisms for hemianopia after hemispherectomy in children
Authors: Koenraads Yvonne , van der Linden Denise C. P. , van Schooneveld Monique M. J. , Imhof Saskia M. , Gosselaar P. H. , Porro Giorgio L. , Braun Kees P. J. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryObjectiveLittle is known about the functional visual outcome of children after hemispherectomy. Several case reports have described an anomalous head posture (AHP) and exotropia (XT) contralateral to the side of early brain damage, as possible compensatory mechanisms (CMs) for homonymous hemianopia (HH). The aim of this study was to determine visual outcome and the prevalence of such CMs in hemispherectomized children.MethodsPatient files from all children who underwent hemispherectomy and had a postoperative ophthalmologic examination in the University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht up to October 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. Preoperative and postoperative clinical information on visual fixation, visual acuity, visual fields, optic discs, head posturing, ocular alignment, and cognitive development was collected. Clinical characteristics were compared between children who developed CMs and those who did not.ResultsForty‐five children (21 male) underwent a hemispherectomy (22 right) at a median age of 2.1 years. Median ophthalmologic follow‐up was 2.3 years. After hemispherectomy, visual fixation was present in all children, and 87% of the examined children had a normal visual acuity or a mild visual impairment. All children who underwent a visual field measurement had an HH. Anomalous head posturing and continuous or intermittent XT contralateral to the side of hemispherectomy were found in 53% and 38% of children, respectively. Children with CMs had more frequently right‐sided surgery and earlier onset of epilepsy, and they tended to be younger when they underwent hemispherectomy than children without.SignificanceDespite HH, the majority of children who undergo hemispherectomy have a good visual outcome. Furthermore, they frequently develop AHP and continuous or intermittent XT contralateral to the hemispherectomy as part of a coping strategy to optimize the functional visual field.A PowerPoint slide summarizing this article is available for download in the Supporting Information section here.
Genotype/phenotype in tuberous sclerosis complex: Associations with clinical and radiologic manifestations
Authors: Kothare Sanjeev V. , Singh Kanwaljit , Hochman Tsivia , Chalifoux Jason R. , Staley Brigid A. , Weiner Howard L. , Menzer Kimberly , Devinsky Orrin 
Published: April 2014

SummaryObjectivesPatients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) frequently have autism spectrum disorders and neuropsychiatric disorders. Subependymal giant cell astrocytomas (SEGAs) have been reported to occur in 5–20% of patients with TSC; however, the relationship between SEGAs and neuropsychiatric disorders in TSC remains unknown. We utilized a large multicenter database to study associations between SEGAs and neuropsychiatric disorders in patients with TSC.MethodsAssociations between the presence of SEGAs and neuropsychiatric disorders were examined in a retrospective review of 916 patients enrolled in the TSC Natural History Database Project (Tuberous Sclerosis Alliance).ResultsAmong the 916 TSC patients, 226 had SEGAs (25%) and 155 had autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (17%). Compared to patients without SEGAs, patients with SEGAs were 1.83 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.26–2.66) times more likely to have ASD. No significant relationship was found between SEGAs and intellectual disability, attention‐deficit/hyperactive disorder, or major depressive disorder.SignificanceThe clinical presentation of TSC is highly variable and not well understood. These data show that SEGAs are associated with ASD in patients with TSC, suggesting that the pathologic changes leading to SEGA formation may also predispose patients to ASD.A PowerPoint slide summarizing this article is available for download in the Supporting Information section here.
Treeline advances along the Urals mountain range – driven by improved winter conditions?
Authors: Hagedorn Frank , Shiyatov Stepan G. , Mazepa Valeriy S. , Devi Nadezhda M. , Grigor'ev Andrey A. , Bartysh Alexandr A. , Fomin Valeriy V. , Kapralov Denis S. , Terent'ev Maxim , Bugman Harald , Rigling Andreas , Moiseev Pavel A. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractHigh‐altitude treelines are temperature‐limited vegetation boundaries, but little quantitative evidence exists about the impact of climate change on treelines in untouched areas of Russia. Here, we estimated how forest‐tundra ecotones have changed during the last century along the Ural mountains. In the South, North, Sub‐Polar, and Polar Urals, we compared 450 historical and recent photographs and determined the ages of 11 100 trees along 16 altitudinal gradients. In these four regions, boundaries of open and closed forests (crown covers above 20% and 40%) expanded upwards by 4 to 8 m in altitude per decade. Results strongly suggest that snow was an important driver for these forest advances: (i) Winter precipitation has increased substantially throughout the Urals (~7 mm decade−1), which corresponds to almost a doubling in the Polar Urals, while summer temperatures have only changed slightly (~0.05 °C decade−1). (ii) There was a positive correlation between canopy cover, snow height and soil temperatures, suggesting that an increasing canopy cover promotes snow accumulation and, hence, a more favorable microclimate. (iii) Tree age analysis showed that forest expansion mainly began around the year 1900 on concave wind‐sheltered slopes with thick snow covers, while it started in the 1950s and 1970s on slopes with shallower snow covers. (iv) During the 20th century, dominant growth forms of trees have changed from multistemmed trees, resulting from harsh winter conditions, to single‐stemmed trees. While 87%, 31%, and 93% of stems appearing before 1950 were from multistemmed trees in the South, North and Polar Urals, more than 95% of the younger trees had a single stem. Currently, there is a high density of seedlings and saplings in the forest‐tundra ecotone, indicating that forest expansion is ongoing and that alpine tundra vegetation will disappear from most mountains of the South and North Urals where treeline is already close to the highest peaks.
Changing forest water yields in response to climate warming: results from long‐term experimental watershed sites across North America
Authors: Creed Irena F. , Spargo Adam T. , Jones Julia A. , Buttle Jim M. , Adams Mary B. , Beall Fred D. , Booth Eric G. , Campbell John L. , Clow Dave , Elder Kelly , Green Mark B. , Grimm Nancy B. , Miniat Chelcy , Ramlal Patricia , Saha Amartya , Sebestyen Stephen , Spittlehouse Dave , Sterling Shannon , Williams Mark W. , Winkler Rita , Yao Huaxia 
Published: April 2014

AbstractClimate warming is projected to affect forest water yields but the effects are expected to vary. We investigated how forest type and age affect water yield resilience to climate warming. To answer this question, we examined the variability in historical water yields at long‐term experimental catchments across Canada and the United States over 5‐year cool and warm periods. Using the theoretical framework of the Budyko curve, we calculated the effects of climate warming on the annual partitioning of precipitation (P) into evapotranspiration (ET) and water yield. Deviation (d) was defined as a catchment's change in actual ET divided by P [AET/P; evaporative index (EI)] coincident with a shift from a cool to a warm period – a positive d indicates an upward shift in EI and smaller than expected water yields, and a negative d indicates a downward shift in EI and larger than expected water yields. Elasticity was defined as the ratio of interannual variation in potential ET divided by P (PET/P; dryness index) to interannual variation in the EI – high elasticity indicates low d despite large range in drying index (i.e., resilient water yields), low elasticity indicates high d despite small range in drying index (i.e., nonresilient water yields). Although the data needed to fully evaluate ecosystems based on these metrics are limited, we were able to identify some characteristics of response among forest types. Alpine sites showed the greatest sensitivity to climate warming with any warming leading to increased water yields. Conifer forests included catchments with lowest elasticity and stable to larger water yields. Deciduous forests included catchments with intermediate elasticity and stable to smaller water yields. Mixed coniferous/deciduous forests included catchments with highest elasticity and stable water yields. Forest type appeared to influence the resilience of catchment water yields to climate warming, with conifer and deciduous catchments more susceptible to climate warming than the more diverse mixed forest catchments.
Diverse responses of forest growth to drought time‐scales in theNorthernHemisphere
Authors: Vicente‐Serrano Sergio M. , Camarero J. Julio , Azorin‐Molina Cesar 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAimTo identify the main spatiotemporal patterns of tree growth responses to different time‐scales of drought at a hemispheric scale using a climate drought index and tree‐ring records, and to determine whether those patterns are driven by different climate and forest features.LocationNorthernHemisphere.MethodsWe used a large‐scale dendrochronological data set of tree‐ring width series from 1657 sites and a time‐dependent drought index which incorporates information on precipitation and temperature variability (standardized precipitation–evapotranspiration index,SPEI). Correlation analysis was used to quantify how tree growth responds to different drought time‐scales. Variation in the correlations was summarized using principal components analysis (PCA) and the contribution of the various environmental factors was estimated using predictive discriminant analysis (PDA).ResultsThe period between the water shortage and the impact on tree growth differs noticeably among forest types and tree families. There is a gradient in the response of growth to drought including: (1) forests that do not respond to drought, such as those located in cold and very humid areas; (2) forests located in semi‐arid areas characterized by responses to long‐term droughts; (3) forests that respond to medium‐ to long‐term droughts subjected to subhumid conditions; and (4) forests that dominate humid sites and respond to short‐term droughts.Main conclusionForests that experience semi‐arid and subhumid conditions tend to respond over longer time‐scales than those located in more humid areas. The characteristic time‐scale at which forest growth mainly responds to drought is a proxy for drought vulnerability, reflecting the trees' ability to cope with water deficits of different durations and severities.
Growing teratoma syndrome: Clinical and radiographic characteristics
Authors: Lee Dennis J , Djaladat Hooman , Tadros Nicholas N , Movassaghi Mehran , Tejura Tapas , Duddalwar Vinay , Daneshmand Siamak 
Published: April 2014

ObjectivesTo present an overview of our surgical experience in the management of growing teratoma syndrome.MethodsA retrospective analysis of all patients undergoing post‐chemotherapy retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy between November 2005 and February 2012 revealed 15 patients who met the criteria for growing teratoma syndrome. Their clinical data, imaging characteristics, and surgical and oncological outcomes were reviewed.ResultsThe median age at diagnosis was 23 years. Primary testis tumors included non‐seminomatous germ cell tumor in 12 of 15 patients, seminoma in two of 15 patients and hemorrhagic mass in one patient. Mature teratoma was present in just six (40%) of the orchiectomy specimens. All patients received preoperative chemotherapy. On imaging, the median size of the largest retroperitoneal mass was 7 cm (range 3.9–24.5 cm). The median rate of linear growth was 0.5 cm/month (range 0.03–2.9), and the increase in volume was 9.2 cm3/month. All tumors were found to have cystic and necrotic components. Median operative time was 6.2 h (range 4.2–15.2 h). Estimated blood loss was 600 mL (range 100–7000 mL), and median length of stay was 5 days (range 3–19 days). Four patients required resection of non‐retroperitoneal growing teratoma masses after post‐chemotherapy retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy to achieve tumor‐free status. There were two minor (Clavien I–II) and two major postoperative complications (Clavien ≥III). All patients are alive and disease free with a median duration of follow‐up of 8 months (range 1–64 months).ConclusionsGrowing teratoma syndrome tumors vary in their growth rate, but they all appear to have cystic features with necrosis elements on radiographic evaluation. Aggressive surgical excision is associated with excellent outcomes.
Prognostic value of systemic inflammation‐based markers in advanced pancreatic cancer
Authors: Martin H. L. , Ohara K. , Kiberu A. , Van Hagen T. , Davidson A. , Khattak M. A. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe prognostic significance of various systemic inflammation‐based markers has been explored in different cancers. These markers can be used to assist with decision‐making in oncology clinics.AimThe aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic significance of three systemic inflammation‐based factors: neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS) in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer.MethodsData were collected retrospectively for advanced pancreatic cancer patients treated between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2012 at the Royal Perth Hospital. The ratios were dichotomised as <5 versus ≥5 for NLR and <200 versus ≥200 for PLR. Modified Glasgow Prognostic Scores were scored as: mGPS ‘0’ = both C‐reactive protein (CRP) and albumin normal, mGPS ‘1’ = elevated CRP < 10 mg/L and mGPS ‘2’ = both elevated CRP > 10 mg/L and albumin < 35 g/L. Univariate and multivariate analyses were carried out.ResultsData were evaluable for 124 patients. Median survivals based on the three inflammation‐based prognostic markers evaluated were: NLR <5 versus ≥5 = 8.5 months versus 2.6 months respectively (P = 0.0007; hazard ratio (HR) 1.81), PLR <200 versus ≥200 = 9.1 months versus 4 months respectively (P = 0.007; HR 1.64) and mGPS score 1, 2, 3 = 8.3 months, 9.6 months and 1.8 months respectively (P = 0.0004). Besides Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, NLR, PLR and mGPS were significant independent prognostic markers both on univariate as well as multivariate analysis.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the NLR, PLR and mGPS derived from routine blood tests can be used as clinically meaningful biomarkers to stratify advanced pancreatic cancer patients into different prognostic groups.
Elevated mean platelet volume is associated with silent cerebral infarction
Authors: Li B. , Liu X. , Cao Z.‐G. , Li Y. , Liu T.‐M. , Wang R.‐T. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe presence of silent cerebral infarction (SCI) increases the risk of transient ischaemia attack, symptomatic stroke, cardiovascular disease and dementia. Mean platelet volume (MPV) is a surrogate marker of activated platelets and is considered a link between inflammation and thrombosis. In addition, MPV is a risk predictor for cardiovascular disease, stroke and overall vascular mortality.AimsThe purpose of the study was to assess the MPV levels in SCI patients.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted to evaluate the association between MPV and SCI in 2215 subjects (1385 men and 830 women).ResultsThe participants with SCI had higher MPV levels than those without SCI (10.4 ± 1.3 fL vs. 9.2 ± 1.2 fL; P < 0.001). Moreover, the subjects with a high MPV had a higher prevalence of SCI. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for SCI according to MPV quartiles were 1.000, 2.131 (1.319–3.444), 3.015 (1.896–4.794), 7.822 (4.874–12.554) respectively (P < 0.001).ConclusionMPV is a novel index for SCI regardless of classical cardiovascular risk factors.