bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate services for society: origins, institutional arrangements, and design elements for an evaluation framework
Authors: Vaughan Catherine , Dessai Suraje 
Published: May 2014

Climate services involve the generation, provision, and contextualization of information and knowledge derived from climate research for decision making at all levels of society. These services are mainly targeted at informing adaptation to climate variability and change, widely recognized as an important challenge for sustainable development. This paper reviews the development of climate services, beginning with a historical overview, a short summary of improvements in climate information, and a description of the recent surge of interest in climate service development including, for example, the Global Framework for Climate Services, implemented by the World Meteorological Organization in October 2012. It also reviews institutional arrangements of selected emerging climate services across local, national, regional, and international scales. By synthesizing existing literature, the paper proposes four design elements of a climate services evaluation framework. These design elements include: problem identification and the decision‐making context; the characteristics, tailoring, and dissemination of the climate information; the governance and structure of the service, including the process by which it is developed; and the socioeconomic value of the service. The design elements are intended to serve as a guide to organize future work regarding the evaluation of when and whether climate services are more or less successful. The paper concludes by identifying future research questions regarding the institutional arrangements that support climate services and nascent efforts to evaluate them. WIREs Clim Change 2014, 5:587–603. doi: 10.1002/wcc.290This article is categorized under:

Climate Models and Modeling > Knowledge Generation with Models
Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change > Institutions for Adaptation
Social Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Climate Science and Decision Making
Coatings and surface modifications imparting antimicrobial activity to orthopedic implants
Authors: Kargupta Roli , Bok Sangho , Darr Charles M. , Crist Brett D. , Gangopadhyay Keshab , Gangopadhyay Shubhra , Sengupta Shramik 
Published: May 2014

Bacterial colonization and biofilm formation on an orthopedic implant surface is one of the worst possible outcomes of orthopedic intervention in terms of both patient prognosis and healthcare costs. Making the problem even more vexing is the fact that infections are often caused by events beyond the control of the operating surgeon and may manifest weeks to months after the initial surgery. Herein, we review the costs and consequences of implant infection as well as the methods of prevention and management. In particular, we focus on coatings and other forms of implant surface modification in a manner that imparts some antimicrobial benefit to the implant device. Such coatings can be classified generally based on their mode of action: surface adhesion prevention, bactericidal, antimicrobial‐eluting, osseointegration promotion, and combinations of the above. Despite several advances in the efficacy of these antimicrobial methods, a remaining major challenge is ensuring retention of the antimicrobial activity over a period of months to years postoperation, an issue that has so far been inadequately addressed. Finally, we provide an overview of additional figures of merit that will determine whether a given antimicrobial surface modification warrants adoption for clinical use.This article is categorized under:Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging TechnologiesImplantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants
Polynuclear Chlorido Metal(II) Complexes with 1,2‐Di(1H‐­tetrazol‐1‐yl)ethane as Ligand Forming One‐ and Two‐dimensional Structures
Authors: Joas Manuel , Klapötke Thomas M. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe preparation and characterization of three metal(II) chlorido complexes with 1,2‐di(1H‐tetrazol‐1‐yl)ethane (dte) (1) as ligand is presented. The complexes have the following formula: [CoCl2(μ‐dte)(dte)2]n (2), [CuCl2(μ‐dte)2]n (3), and [Cd(μ‐Cl)2(μ‐dte)]n (4). Single crystal X‐ray diffraction of all three metal complexes was performed and the structures are discussed. All three central metal atoms are connected to polynuclear structures by the μ‐bridging ligand. Cobalt and copper are connected to one‐dimensional chains. The central cadmium(II) atoms are additionally connected by the chloride anions to a two‐dimensional network. Further, the cobalt(II) complex represents a special case with two terminal dte ligands.
Impact on Liver Cancer Treatment of a First Erroneous Diagnosis of Hemangioma
Authors: Portolani Nazario , Baiocchi Gianluca , Gheza Federico , Molfino Sarah , Grazioli Luigi , Olivetti Lucio , Romanini Laura , Frassi Eleonora , Giulini Stefano Maria 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundMost liver hemangioma (HA) diagnoses are presumptive and based on radiological features and growth trend. The goal of this study was to analyze the impact of a false diagnosis of hemangioma upon the overall therapeutic course and upon the prognosis of a liver malignancy.Methods
Twenty‐eight patients with liver cancer who were observed in the period 2001–2007 after an initial erroneous diagnosis of HA were retrospectively evaluated. We studied their radiological workup after blind revision of the images by two radiologists with specific expertise in liver imaging, analyzing the relationship between overall management and center volume, mean delay from the first test to the curative treatment, and clinical consequences of this diagnostic mistake.ResultsThe diagnosis of false HA occurred in a low‐volume center (LVC) in 75 % of cases. A specific risk for liver cancer was present in 71.4 % of patients. US gave a false diagnosis of HA in 25/27 patients, a CT scan in 18/25 patients, and MRI in 6/16 patients. The final diagnosis was reached with a mean delay of 22 months. Liver resection was possible in 22 patients; in the 17 hepatocellular carcinoma cases, the survival rate was 69.4 % at 5 years after the first observation.ConclusionsA false diagnosis of HA in the presence of malignancy is not rare nowadays and significantly reduces the chances of cure. In situations at risk of having the error occur (poor technical quality of imaging, low specific experience, doubtful diagnosis, and high‐cancer‐risk patient), the rationale approach is to discuss the case with a multidisciplinary team skilled in the field of liver cancer.
Safe Negative Margin Width in Breast Conservative Therapy: Results from a Population with a High Percentage of Negative Prognostic Factors
Authors: Bhatti Abu Bakar , Khan Amina , Muzaffar Narjis , Siddiqui Neelam , Syed Aamir , Shah Mazhar , Aamir Awais , Jamshed Arif 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundThere remains a controversy in the literature regarding adequate width of negative surgical margins in breast conservative therapy (BCT). It is now advocated that no tumor on an inked margin is a safe negative margin. Majority of studies on the outcomes of BCT had patients with favorable prognostic factors. Pakistani population has a high expression of unfavorable prognostic factors. The objective of this study was to determine a safe negative margin width in Pakistani population that undergoes BCT.MethodsA total of 603 patients with identifiable surgical margins underwent BCT from 1997 to 2009 in Shaukat Khanum Cancer Hospital. Patients were divided into close (≤2 mm), free (>2–10 mm), and wide (>10 mm) margin groups. Locoregional recurrence was defined as recurrence within the operated breast, ipsilateral axilla, or supraclavicular or internal mammary lymph nodes. Locoregional recurrence‐free survival was calculated from the date of surgery to the date of locoregional recurrence. Five‐year locoregional recurrence‐free survival was determined for margin groups. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard analyses were performed to determine independent predictors of locoregional recurrence.ResultsA total of 415 (69 %) patients were <50 years of age. There were 82 (15 %) T3/T4, 337 (56 %) poorly differentiated, and 238 (39 %) ER/PR −ve tumors. Nodal positivity was present in 314 (52 %) patients. The actual number of locoregional recurrences was 16 (12 %), 8 (3 %), and 10 (4.6 %), respectively (P = 0.002). Expected 5‐year locoregional recurrence‐free survival was 90, 97, and 96 %, respectively (P = 0.002). On multivariate analysis, tumor size, nodal involvement, and negative margin width were independent predictors of locoregional recurrence.ConclusionA negative margin width of 2 mm might represent an adequate negative margin width in the Pakistani population undergoing breast conservative therapy.
Recurrent transient focal neurological deficits in convexity meningioma: TIA or negative motor seizures?
Authors: Garg Arun , Muniem Abdul , Bhuyan Sushant , Bansal Atma 
Published: May 2014

AbstractTransient ischemic attack (TIA) is defined as a temporary focal neurological deficit of presumed vascular origin, lasting for less than 1 h, with no evidence of infarct on neuroimaging. If a patient is suffering from multiple cardiovascular risk factors and presents with transient and recurrent focal neurological deficits, the most likely diagnosis considered is TIA. As the possibility of stroke within first 24 h is high, such patients need aggressive investigation and management, and ideally should be hospitalized. TIA usually occurs due to major intracranial or extra cranial artery stenosis. However, if vascular imaging and cardiac workup is normal, possibility of small vessel disease is considered. Space occupying lesions usually presents with seizure, symptoms of raised intracranial pressure or progressive neurological deficits rather than TIA. There are a few case reports where meningioma presented as TIA, due to vascular compromise by encasing internal carotid artery. 1,2 transient focal neurological deficits can have other differentials like post ictal palsy and negative motor seizures. In a given patient with space occupying lesion like meningioma presenting with recurrent transient focal neurological deficits we need to consider all these differentials. We are hereby reporting a case of convexity meningioma, which presented as recurrent focal neurological deficit due to negative motor seizures, mimicking transient ischemic attack.
Clinical characteristics and factors associated with in hospital mortality of convulsive status epilepticus in adult patients admitted to neurointensive care unit
Authors: Vooturi Sudhindra , Jayalakshmi Sita , Sahu Sambit , Mohandas Surath 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackground Status epilepticus (SE) is a common neurological emergency; convulsive SE has a distribution with peaks in children and elderly than adult population.Aim To determine the clinical characteristics and factors associated with in hospital mortality in adult patients admitted to the neurointensive care unit (NICU).Methods A retrospective analysis of the clinical characteristics and outcome of adult patients (aged 18 years and above, below 60 years) with CSE admitted into the NICU was performed. The outcome was classified as alive or death in NICU. The differences between the alive and dead patients for data collected were analyzed using t tests and chi-square test for continuous and categorical variables respectively. Spearman correlations were used to analyze association between the variables, where r > 0.3 and p < 0.05 were considered significant.Results A total of 105 adult patients formed the inclusion criteria and were included for data analysis. Forty two out of the 105 patients were women. Sixty one (58%) of the 105 patients had acute symptomatic etiology while 17.1% patients were known epileptics; acute symptomatic etiology increased risk of mortality 5.28 times (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.44–19.35) (p = <0.01). Thirty eight (36.1%) patients progressed to refractory SE. The mortality in the entire cohort was 19%. Complications of prolonged mechanical ventilation and refractory status epilepticus showed strong and significant association with mortality (r > 0.300; p < 0.0001). Mortality was significantly higher in patients with acute symptomatic etiology and than other etiologies (85.0% vs 54.1%; p = 0.011).Conclusion Acute symptomatic etiology was the most common cause of SE in adults. While requirement for mechanical ventilation and refractory SE were the major factors associated with mortality, acute symptomatic etiology increased the risk of mortality in adult patients with SE.
Rehabilitation Outcomes Among Burn Injury Patients With a Second Admission to an Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility
Authors: DiVita Margaret A. , Mix Jacqueline M. , Goldstein Richard , Gerrard Paul , Niewczyk Paulette , Ryan Colleen M. , Kowalske Karen , Zafonte Ross , Schneider Jeffrey C. 
Published: May 2014

BackgroundBurn survivors tend to have complex medical issues requiring rehabilitation to improve overall function and quality of life. A subset of burn patients treated in inpatient rehabilitation facilities (IRFs) may require more than 1 rehabilitation stay for the same injury.ObjectiveTo compare the rehabilitation outcomes among burn patients admitted to an IRF who were discharged to acute care and then readmitted to an IRF with burn patients admitted to an IRF only 1 time.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingInpatient rehabilitation facilities.ParticipantsBurn injury patients aged 18 years or more who were admitted to IRFs between 2002 and 2011.MethodsWe performed a secondary analysis of data from Uniform Data System for Medical Rehabilitation, a national data repository. Outcomes of the repeaters' second stay (n = 188) were compared to the nonrepeaters' first and only stay (n = 6,855), using linear regression and logistic regression to determine whether repeater status was associated with rehabilitation outcomes.Main Outcome MeasurementsFunctional status (using the Functional Independence Measure [FIM] instrument) at admission, discharge and change, length of stay, FIM efficiency (total FIM points gained per day), and discharge disposition.ResultsRepeater status was inversely associated with discharge FIM total (coefficient = −3.42, 95% confidence interval = −5.76, −1.07) and FIM change (coefficient = −4.05, 95% CI = −6.34, −1.75) in linear regression models. No other significant differences were found, and those differences in discharge FIM total and FIM change were small.ConclusionsDifferences found in rehabilitation outcomes between the repeater and nonrepeater groups were small and may not reflect clinically meaningful differences. Burn injury patients who required a second IRF admission had rehabilitation outcomes similar to those of burn injury patients who did not require a second IRF admission, emphasizing the value of inpatient rehabilitation for burn injury IRF readmissions.
Quality of Life, Shoulder Range of Motion, and Spinal Accessory Nerve Status in 5‐Year Survivors of Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Eickmeyer Sarah M. , Walczak Christine K. , Myers Katherine B. , Lindstrom D. Richard , Layde Peter , Campbell Bruce H. 
Published: May 2014

ObjectiveTo determine the association of neck dissection and radiation treatment for head and neck cancer (HNC) with subsequent shoulder range of motion (ROM) and quality of life (QOL) in 5‐year survivors.DesignA cross‐sectional convenience sample.SettingOtolaryngology clinics at tertiary care hospital and Veterans Affairs medical center.PatientsFive‐year, disease‐free survivors of HNC.MethodsDemographic and cancer treatment information was collected, including type of neck dissection (none, spinal accessory “nerve sparing,” and “nerve sacrificing”) and radiation. QOL questionnaires were administered, and shoulder ROM was measured.Main Outcome MeasurementsUniversity of Washington Quality of Life (UWQOL), Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT) Head and Neck, and Performance Status Scale for Head and Neck. Shoulder ROM measurements included abduction, adduction, flexion, extension, internal and external rotation.ResultsOne hundred and five survivors completed QOL surveys; 85 survivors underwent additional shoulder ROM evaluations. The nerve sacrifice group exhibited significantly poorer scores for UWQOL measures of disfigurement, level of activity, recreation and/or entertainment, speech and shoulder disability, and willingness to eat in public, FACT functional well‐being, and FACT Head and Neck (P < .05). Shoulder ROM for flexion and abduction was poorest in the nerve sacrifice group (P < .05). Radiation was associated with significantly worse UWQOL swallowing (P < .05), but no other differences were found for QOL or ROM measurements. Decreased QOL scores were associated with decreased shoulder flexion and abduction (P < .05). Survivors with decreased shoulder abduction had significantly (P < .05) worse scores in disfigurement, recreation and/or entertainment, employment, shoulder disability, and FACT emotional well‐being.ConclusionsSparing the spinal accessory nerve during neck dissection is associated with significantly less long‐term shoulder disability in 5‐year survivors of HNC. QOL measures demonstrated the highest level of function in the no dissection group, an intermediate level of functioning with nerve sparing, and poorest function when the nerve is sacrificed. Decreased shoulder flexion and abduction is associated with reduced QOL in long‐term survivors of HNC.
SPARSE APPROXIMATION AND RECOVERY BY GREEDY ALGORITHMS IN BANACH SPACES
Authors: TEMLYAKOV V. N. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe study sparse approximation by greedy algorithms. We prove the Lebesgue-type inequalities for the weak Chebyshev greedy algorithm (WCGA), a generalization of the weak orthogonal matching pursuit to the case of a Banach space. The main novelty of these results is a Banach space setting instead of a Hilbert space setting. The results are proved for redundant dictionaries satisfying certain conditions. Then we apply these general results to the case of bases. In particular, we prove that the WCGA provides almost optimal sparse approximation for the trigonometric system in $L_p$, $2\le p<\infty $.
Postprandial inflammation is not associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy lean men
Authors: Kračmerová Jana , Czudková Eva , Koc Michal , Mališová Lucia , Šiklová Michaela , Štich Vladimír , Rossmeislová Lenka 
Published: May 2014

The consumption of lipids and simple sugars induces an inflammatory response whose exact molecular trigger remains elusive. The aims of the present study were to investigate (1) whether inflammation induced by a single high-energy, high-fat meal (HFM) is associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and (2) whether these inflammatory and ERS responses could be prevented by the chemical chaperone ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). A total of ten healthy lean men were recruited to a randomised, blind, cross-over trial. Subjects were given two doses of placebo (lactose) or UDCA before the consumption of a HFM (6151 kJ; 47·4 % lipids). Blood was collected at baseline and 4 h after the HFM challenge. Cell populations and their activation were analysed using flow cytometry, and plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines were assessed by ELISA and Luminex technology. Gene expression levels of inflammatory and ERS markers were analysed in CD14+ and CD14− PBMC using quantitative RT-PCR. The HFM induced an increase in the mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, 2·1-fold; IL-8, 2·4-fold; TNF-α, 1·4-fold; monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, 2·1-fold) and a decrease in the expression levels of miR181 (0·8-fold) in CD14+ monocytes. The HFM challenge did not up-regulate the expression of ERS markers (XBP1, HSPA5, EDEM1, DNAJC3 and ATF4) in either CD14+ or CD14− cell populations, except for ATF3 (2·3-fold). The administration of UDCA before the consumption of the HFM did not alter the HFM-induced change in the expression levels of ERS or inflammatory markers. In conclusion, HFM-induced inflammation detectable on the level of gene expression in PBMC was not associated with the concomitant increase in the expression levels of ERS markers and could not be prevented by UDCA.
Oral administration of the milk casein-derived tripeptide Val-Pro-Pro attenuates high-fat diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation in mice
Authors: Aihara Kotaro , Osaka Mizuko , Yoshida Masayuki 
Published: May 2014

Inflammation of adipose tissue triggers the metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis and CHD. In the present study, we investigated whether the milk casein-derived tripeptide valine-proline-proline (VPP) has an anti-inflammatory effect on the adipose tissue of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Male C57BL/6J mice (7 weeks of age) were fed ad libitum with either a HFD and plain tap water (HFD group) or a HFD and water containing 0·3 mg VPP/ml (HFD+VPP group) for 10 weeks. The results showed that the expression level of CD18 in the peripheral blood monocytes of the HFD+VPP group was significantly decreased compared with the level observed in those of the HFD group. Activated monocytes and pro-inflammatory macrophages were accumulated in the stromal vascular fractions of the adipose tissue from HFD-fed mice, which were significantly decreased in those supplemented with VPP. The formation of crown-like structures rich in pro-inflammatory macrophages was also significantly reduced in the adipose tissue of mice administered with VPP. Real-time PCR analysis revealed that the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and that of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 in adipose tissue tend to be lower in the HFD+VPP group than in the HFD group. These observations indicate that oral administration of VPP exerts an anti-inflammatory effect on the adipose tissue of HFD-fed mice, which may eventually lead to the primary prevention of chronic inflammation-related diseases.
Contrasting effects of geographical separation on the genetic population structure of sympatric species of mites in avocado orchards
Authors: Guzman-Valencia S. , Santillán-Galicia M.T. , Guzmán-Franco A.W. , González-Hernández H. , Carrillo-Benítez M.G. , Suárez-Espinoza J. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractOligonychus punicaeandOligonychus perseae(Acari: Tetranychidae) are the most important mite species affecting avocado orchards in Mexico. Here we used nucleotide sequence data from segments of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) genes to assess the phylogenetic relationships between both sympatric mite species and, using only ITS sequence data, examine genetic variation and population structure in both species, to test the hypothesis that, although both species co-occur, their genetic population structures are different in both Michoacan state (main producer) and Mexico state. Phylogenetic analysis showed a clear separation between both species using ITS and COI sequence information. Haplotype network analysis done on 24 samples ofO. punicaerevealed low genetic diversity with only three haplotypes found but a significant geographical population structure confirmed by analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) and Kimura-2-parameter (K2P) analyses. In addition, a Mantel test revealed that geographical isolation was a factor responsible for the genetic differentiation. In contrast, analyses of 22 samples ofO. perseaerevealed high genetic diversity with 15 haplotypes found but no geographical structure confirmed by the AMOVA, K2P and Mantel test analyses. We have suggested that geographical separation is one of the most important factors driving genetic variation, but that it affected each species differently. The role of the ecology of these species on our results, and the importance of our findings in the development of monitoring and control strategies are discussed.