bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes Containing Semicarbazone Ligands: Synthesis, Characterization, Photophysical and Biological Studies
Authors: Graf Marion , Gothe Yvonne , Metzler‐Nolte Nils , Czerwieniec Rafał , Sünkel Karlheinz 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe synthesis, crystal structure, photophysical properties, and biological activity of the novel bis‐cyclometalated complexes [Ir(ptpy)2(vnsc)] (2) and [Ir(ptpy)2(acsc)] (3) [ptpy = 2‐(p‐tolyl)pyridinato, vnsc = vanillin semicarbazone, acsc = acetone semicarbazone] are described. The new compounds were prepared by the reaction of [{Ir(μ‐Cl)(ptpy)2}2] (1) with the corresponding semicarbazone ligands under basic conditions. The molecular structure of compound 3 was confirmed by a single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction study. The complex crystallized from chloroform as a mono‐ solvate in the orthorhombic space group Pcab with eight molecules in the unit cell.
Do Current Recommendations for Upper Instrumented Vertebra Predict Shoulder Imbalance? An Attempted Validation of Level Selection for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Bjerke Benjamin T. , Cheung Zoe B. , Shifflett Grant D. , Iyer Sravisht , Derman Peter B. , Cunningham Matthew E. 
Published: June 2015

Background Shoulder balance for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients is associated with patient satisfaction and self-image. However, few validated systems exist for selecting the upper instrumented vertebra (UIV) post-surgical shoulder balance. Questions/Purposes The purpose is to examine the existing UIV selection criteria and correlate with post-surgical shoulder balance in AIS patients. Methods Patients who underwent spinal fusion at age 10–18 years for AIS over a 6-year period were reviewed. All patients with a minimum of 1-year radiographic follow-up were included. Imbalance was determined to be radiographic shoulder height |RSH| ≥ 15 mm at latest follow-up. Three UIV selection methods were considered: Lenke, Ilharreborde, and Trobisch. A recommended UIV was determined using each method from pre-surgical radiographs. The recommended UIV for each method was compared to the actual UIV instrumented for all three methods; concordance between these levels was defined as “Correct” UIV selection, and discordance was defined as “Incorrect” selection. Results One hundred seventy-one patients were included with 2.3 ± 1.1 year follow-up. For all methods, “Correct” UIV selection resulted in more shoulder imbalance than “Incorrect” UIV selection. Overall shoulder imbalance incidence was improved from 31.0% (53/171) to 15.2% (26/171). New shoulder imbalance incidence for patients with previously level shoulders was 8.8%. Conclusions We could not identify a set of UIV selection criteria that accurately predicted post-surgical shoulder balance. Further validated measures are needed in this area. The complexity of proximal thoracic curve correction is underscored in a case example, where shoulder imbalance occurred despite “Correct” UIV selection by all methods.
Clinical Issues‐July 2015
Authors: Burlingame Byron L. 
Published: June 2015

This MonthLoaned instrumentsKey words: loaned instruments; borrowed instruments; loaned sets; loaner instruments.Use of cardboard boxes in the ORKey words: cardboard; boxes.Radiation protection for pregnant womenKey words: pregnant, pregnancy, pregnant patient, pregnant employee, radiation protection.Radiation documentation for fluoroscopy proceduresKey words: documentation; C‐arm, fluoroscopy, radiation documentation.
Sensorineural hearing loss following induction chemotherapy plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy for advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Atchariyasathian V , Pruegsanusak K , Wongsriwattanakul S 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObjective:To compare the incidence of sensorineural hearing loss between those treated with docetaxel, cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil induction chemotherapy followed by carboplatin concurrent chemoradiotherapy and those treated with conventional concurrent chemoradiotherapy for advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Methods:Serial pure tone audiometry was conducted in 36 nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients who were randomised into 2 groups. The first group received docetaxel, cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil induction chemotherapy followed by carboplatin concurrent chemoradiotherapy. The second group received conventional concurrent chemoradiotherapy.Results:The incidence of sensorineural hearing loss at speech frequency in the first group was 10 per cent and in the second group was 50 per cent (p = 0.0027). Bone conduction thresholds were significantly increased after completion of the treatment at 2–4 kHz in the first group and at all frequencies in the second group.Conclusion:The docetaxel, cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil induction chemotherapy regimen followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy was associated with a lower incidence of sensorineural hearing loss than conventional concurrent chemoradiotherapy. This regimen may be the preferred choice of treatment for hearing preservation.
Occupational stress among law enforcement rangers: insights from Uganda
Authors: Moreto William D. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn many countries law enforcement rangers are frontline guardians responsible for the management, monitoring and protection of protected areas and wildlife species. To date, little research has been conducted on law enforcement rangers and their perceptions of stress. This exploratory study contributes to both the criminological and conservation literature by exploring an important human dimension often neglected in conservation science research: law enforcement rangers. Similar to previous research on police occupational stress, it is expected that law enforcement rangers experience stressors unique to their profession. Utilizing an ethnographic case study approach based on interviews and participant observation, this research examines ranger perceptions of occupational stress in a protected area in Uganda. Findings indicate that law enforcement rangers are exposed to various occupational/task-related, external, internal, and occupation-related personal strains. Results from the study have implications in understanding, reducing and preventing occupational stress in rangers, as well as in capacity building for park management.
Adenoviruses and acute respiratory infections in children living in an equatorial area of Brazil
Authors: PEREIRA S. A. R. , FLORÊNCIO C. M. G. D. , MARINHEIRO J. C. , HÁRSI C. M. , MOURA F. E. A. 
Published: June 2015

SUMMARYHuman adenoviruses (HAdVs) are important respiratory pathogens, found in 2–27% of acute respiratory infection (ARI) cases. Few studies have analysed the diversity of species and types of HAdVs associated with ARI in Brazil. The purpose of this study was to determine the circulation patterns of the different HAdV species and respective types associated with ARI in children in the city of Fortaleza, northeastern Brazil. HAdVs were screened by an indirect immunofluorescence assay, and subsequently identified as species and types by PCR and sequencing of the hexon gene (HVR1–HVR6). Between 2001 and 2013, a total of 290 HAdV strains were detected, 190 of which were identified as belonging to the HAdV-B, -C and -E species. Seven types of HAdVs circulated in the studied population during the analysed period, with HAdV-3 being predominant.
The contribution of PCR testing to influenza and pertussis notifications in Australia
Authors: KACZMAREK M. C. , WARE R. S. , LAMBERT S. B. 
Published: June 2015

SUMMARYInfluenza and pertussis are the two most common vaccine-preventable infections notified in Australia. We assessed the role of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) diagnosis in influenza and pertussis cases notified to the Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS). There were a total of 2 10 786 notified influenza cases (2001–2013) and 2 55 866 notified pertussis cases (1991–2013). After 1 January 2007, the majority of influenza and pertussis notifications were PCR-based (80·5% and 59·6%, respectively). Before 31 December 2006, PCR-based notifications were limited (29·1% and 11·7%, respectively). By 2013, PCR-based notifications had largely replaced all other diagnostic methods, with the exception of serology-based notifications in pertussis cases in adults aged ⩾25 years.
First records from Pacific Mexico of the rare deep-water mysid Ceratomysis spinosa (Crustacea, Peracarida, Mysida, Petalophthalmidae)
Authors: Hendrickx Michel E. 
Published: June 2015

The deep-water mysidCeratomysis spinosaFaxon, 1893, previously known from Panama, Japan, the Sea of Okhotsk, the Bering Sea and Alaska, USA is reported for the first time off the western coast of Mexico, in the eastern Pacific. The specimens, a male of 27.5 mm in total length (TL) and five females of 28.5–34.5 mm TL, were collected between depths of 1296 and 1580 m. The telson is illustrated, showing numerous setae on the lateral margins, and longer, robust setae in the distal third and on the posterior margin.
Host–microbe interactions as a driver of acclimation to salinity gradients in brown algal cultures
Authors: Dittami Simon M , Duboscq-Bidot Laëtitia , Perennou Morgan , Gobet Angélique , Corre Erwan , Boyen Catherine , Tonon Thierry 
Published: June 2015

AbstractLike most eukaryotes, brown algae live in association with bacterial communities that frequently have beneficial effects on their development. Ectocarpus is a genus of small filamentous brown algae, which comprises a strain that has recently colonized freshwater, a rare transition in this lineage. We generated an inventory of bacteria in Ectocarpus cultures and examined the effect they have on acclimation to an environmental change, that is, the transition from seawater to freshwater medium. Our results demonstrate that Ectocarpus depends on bacteria for this transition: cultures that have been deprived of their associated microbiome do not survive a transfer to freshwater, but restoring their microflora also restores the capacity to acclimate to this change. Furthermore, the transition between the two culture media strongly affects the bacterial community composition. Examining a range of other closely related algal strains, we observed that the presence of two bacterial operational taxonomic units correlated significantly with an increase in low salinity tolerance of the algal culture. Despite differences in the community composition, no indications were found for functional differences in the bacterial metagenomes predicted to be associated with algae in the salinities tested, suggesting functional redundancy in the associated bacterial community. Our study provides an example of how microbial communities may impact the acclimation and physiological response of algae to different environments, and thus possibly act as facilitators of speciation. It paves the way for functional examinations of the underlying host–microbe interactions, both in controlled laboratory and natural conditions.
Co-translational capturing of nascent ribosomal proteins by their dedicated chaperones
Authors: Pausch Patrick , Singh Ujjwala , Ahmed Yasar Luqman , Pillet Benjamin , Murat Guillaume , Altegoer Florian , Stier Gunter , Thoms Matthias , Hurt Ed , Sinning Irmgard , Bange Gert , Kressler Dieter 
Published: June 2015

AbstractExponentially growing yeast cells produce every minute >160,000 ribosomal proteins. Owing to their difficult physicochemical properties, the synthesis of assembly-competent ribosomal proteins represents a major challenge. Recent evidence highlights that dedicated chaperone proteins recognize the N-terminal regions of ribosomal proteins and promote their soluble expression and delivery to the assembly site. Here we explore the intuitive possibility that ribosomal proteins are captured by dedicated chaperones in a co-translational manner. Affinity purification of four chaperones (Rrb1, Syo1, Sqt1 and Yar1) selectively enriched the mRNAs encoding their specific ribosomal protein clients (Rpl3, Rpl5, Rpl10 and Rps3). X-ray crystallography reveals how the N-terminal, rRNA-binding residues of Rpl10 are shielded by Sqt1’s WD-repeat β-propeller, providing mechanistic insight into the incorporation of Rpl10 into pre-60S subunits. Co-translational capturing of nascent ribosomal proteins by dedicated chaperones constitutes an elegant mechanism to prevent unspecific interactions and aggregation of ribosomal proteins on their road to incorporation.
Probing three-dimensional sodiation–desodiation equilibrium in sodium-ion batteries by in situ hard X-ray nanotomography
Authors: Wang Jiajun , Eng Christopher , Chen-Wiegart Yu-chen Karen , Wang Jun 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMaterials degradation—the main limiting factor for widespread application of alloy anodes in battery systems—was assumed to be worse in sodium alloys than in lithium analogues due to the larger sodium-ion radius. Efforts to relieve this problem are reliant on the understanding of electrochemical and structural degradation. Here we track three-dimensional structural and chemical evolution of tin anodes in sodium-ion batteries with in situ synchrotron hard X-ray nanotomography. We find an unusual (de)sodiation equilibrium during multi-electrochemical cycles. The superior structural reversibility during 10 electrochemical cycles and the significantly different morphological change features from comparable lithium-ion systems suggest untapped potential in sodium-ion batteries. These findings differ from the conventional thought that sodium ions always lead to more severe fractures in the electrode than lithium ions, which could have impact in advancing development of sodium-ion batteries.
Kinetics and fracture resistance of lithiated silicon nanostructure pairs controlled by their mechanical interaction
Authors: Lee Seok Woo , Lee Hyun-Wook , Ryu Ill , Nix William D. , Gao Huajian , Cui Yi 
Published: June 2015

AbstractFollowing an explosion of studies of silicon as a negative electrode for Li-ion batteries, the anomalous volumetric changes and fracture of lithiated single Si particles have attracted significant attention in various fields, including mechanics. However, in real batteries, lithiation occurs simultaneously in clusters of Si in a confined medium. Hence, understanding how the individual Si structures interact during lithiation in a closed space is necessary. Here, we demonstrate physical and mechanical interactions of swelling Si structures during lithiation using well-defined Si nanopillar pairs. Ex situ SEM and in situ TEM studies reveal that compressive stresses change the reaction kinetics so that preferential lithiation occurs at free surfaces when the pillars are mechanically clamped. Such mechanical interactions enhance the fracture resistance of lithiated Si by lessening the tensile stress concentrations in Si structures. This study will contribute to improved design of Si structures at the electrode level for high-performance Li-ion batteries.
Modulation of the molecular spintronic properties of adsorbed copper corroles
Authors: Wu Fan , Liu Jie , Mishra Puneet , Komeda Tadahiro , Mack John , Chang Yi , Kobayashi Nagao , Shen Zhen 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe ability to modulate the spin states of adsorbed molecules is in high demand for molecular spintronics applications. Here, we demonstrate that the spin state of a corrole complex can be tuned by expanding its fused ring as a result of the modification to the d–π interaction between the metal and ligand. A bicyclo[2.2.2]octadiene-fused copper corrole can readily be converted into a tetrabenzocorrole radical on an Au(111) substrate during the sublimation process. In the scanning tunnelling spectroscopy spectrum, a sharp Kondo resonance appears near the Fermi level on the corrole ligand of the tetrabenzocorrole molecule. In contrast, a non-fused-ring-expanded copper corrole molecule, copper 5,10,15-triphenylcorrole, shows no such Kondo feature. Mapping of the Kondo resonance demonstrates that the spin distribution of the tetrabenzocorrole molecule can be further modified by the rotation of the meso-aryl groups, in a manner that could lead to applications in molecular spintronics.
Adiabatic elimination-based coupling control in densely packed subwavelength waveguides
Authors: Mrejen Michael , Suchowski Haim , Hatakeyama Taiki , Wu Chihhui , Feng Liang , O’Brien Kevin , Wang Yuan , Zhang Xiang 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe ability to control light propagation in photonic integrated circuits is at the foundation of modern light-based communication. However, the inherent crosstalk in densely packed waveguides and the lack of robust control of the coupling are a major roadblock toward ultra-high density photonic integrated circuits. As a result, the diffraction limit is often considered as the lower bound for ultra-dense silicon photonics circuits. Here we experimentally demonstrate an active control of the coupling between two closely packed waveguides via the interaction with a decoupled waveguide. This control scheme is analogous to the adiabatic elimination, a well-known procedure in atomic physics. This approach offers an attractive solution for ultra-dense integrated nanophotonics for light-based communications and integrated quantum computing.
Sustainability and dynamics of outcrop-to-outcrop hydrothermal circulation
Authors: Winslow Dustin M. , Fisher Andrew T. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMost seafloor hydrothermal circulation occurs far from the magmatic influence of mid-ocean ridges, driving large flows of water, heat and solutes through volcanic rock outcrops on ridge flanks. Here we create three-dimensional simulations of ridge–flank hydrothermal circulation, flowing between and through seamounts, to determine what controls hydrogeological sustainability, flow rate and preferred flow direction in these systems. We find that sustaining flow between outcrops that penetrate less-permeable sediment depends on a contrast in transmittance (the product of outcrop permeability and the area of outcrop exposure) between recharging and discharging sites, with discharge favoured through less-transmissive outcrops. Many simulations include local discharge through outcrops at the recharge end of an outcrop-to-outcrop system. Both of these characteristics are observed in the field. In addition, smaller discharging outcrops sustain higher flow rates than larger outcrops, which may help to explain how so much lithospheric heat is extracted globally by this process.
Bipyramid-templated synthesis of monodisperse anisotropic gold nanocrystals
Authors: Lee Jung-Hoon , Gibson Kyle J. , Chen Gang , Weizmann Yossi 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMuch of the interest in noble metal nanoparticles is due to their plasmonic resonance responses and local field enhancement, both of which can be tuned through the size and shape of the particles. However, both properties suffer from the loss of monodispersity that is frequently associated with various morphologies of nanoparticles. Here we show a method to generate diverse and monodisperse anisotropic gold nanoparticle shapes with various tip geometries as well as highly tunable size augmentations through either oxidative etching or seed-mediated growth of purified, monodisperse gold bipyramids. The conditions employed in the etching and growth processes also offer valuable insights into the growth mechanism difficult to realize with other gold nanostructures. The high-index facets and more complicated structure of the bipyramid lead to a wider variety of intriguing regrowth structures than in previously studied nanoparticles. Our results introduce a class of gold bipyramid-based nanoparticles with interesting and potentially useful features to the toolbox of gold nanoparticles.
Extreme ultraviolet imaging of three-dimensional magnetic reconnection in a solar eruption
Authors: Sun J. Q. , Cheng X. , Ding M. D. , Guo Y. , Priest E. R. , Parnell C. E. , Edwards S. J. , Zhang J. , Chen P. F. , Fang C. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMagnetic reconnection, a change of magnetic field connectivity, is a fundamental physical process in which magnetic energy is released explosively, and it is responsible for various eruptive phenomena in the universe. However, this process is difficult to observe directly. Here, the magnetic topology associated with a solar reconnection event is studied in three dimensions using the combined perspectives of two spacecraft. The sequence of extreme ultraviolet images clearly shows that two groups of oppositely directed and non-coplanar magnetic loops gradually approach each other, forming a separator or quasi-separator and then reconnecting. The plasma near the reconnection site is subsequently heated from ∼1 to ≥5 MK. Shortly afterwards, warm flare loops (∼3 MK) appear underneath the hot plasma. Other observational signatures of reconnection, including plasma inflows and downflows, are unambiguously revealed and quantitatively measured. These observations provide direct evidence of magnetic reconnection in a three-dimensional configuration and reveal its origin.
Coexisting and mixing phenomena of thermoacoustic and magnetoacoustic waves in water
Authors: Feng Xiaohua , Gao Fei , Kishor Rahul , Zheng Yuanjin 
Published: June 2015

AbstractConcurrent generation and mixing phenomenon of thermoacoustic (TA) and magnetoacoustic (MA) waves in water are predicted and observed. A theory unifying TA and MA is further put forward to analyze it. By scaling down the radio frequency in thermoacoustics to the low mega Hertz range and by incorporating appropriately a static magnetic field, TA and MA waves are simultaneously generated in the conductive matter. The two waves propagate concurrently in water and produce dynamic acoustic radiation force due to water absorption. Such dynamic radiation force vibrates the absorbing water and consequently yields acoustic emissions at the inter-modulation frequencies of TA and MA waves, creating mixing effect similar to that of vibro-acoustography. The mixing effect can be potentially utilized to mimic vibro-acoustography imaging without firing external ultrasound towards intrinsic dual-contrast (elasticity and conductivity) imaging.
Out-of-sync: disrupted neural activity in emotional circuitry during film viewing in melancholic depression
Authors: Guo Christine C. , Nguyen Vinh T. , Hyett Matthew P. , Parker Gordon B. , Breakspear Michael J. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWhile a rich body of research in controlled experiments has established changes in the neural circuitry of emotion in major depressive disorders, little is known as to how such alterations might translate into complex, naturalistic settings - namely involving dynamic multimodal stimuli with rich contexts, such as those provided by films. Neuroimaging paradigms employing dynamic natural stimuli alleviate the anxiety often associated with complex tasks and eschew the need for laboratory-style abstractions, hence providing an ecologically valid means of elucidating neural underpinnings of neuropsychiatric disorders. To probe the neurobiological signature of refined depression subtypes, we acquired functional neuroimaging data in patients with the melancholic subtype of major depressive disorder during free viewing of emotionally salient films. We found a marked disengagement of ventromedial prefrontal cortex during natural viewing of a film with negative emotional valence in patients with melancholia. This effect significantly correlated with depression severity. Such changes occurred on the background of diminished consistency of neural activity in visual and auditory sensory networks, as well as higher-order networks involved in emotion and attention, including bilateral intraparietal sulcus and right anterior insula. These findings may reflect a failure to re-allocate resources and diminished reactivity to external emotional stimuli in melancholia.