bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Racial Comparisons of Diabetes Care and Intermediate Outcomes in a Patient-Centered Medical Home
Authors: Simonetti Joseph A. , Fine Michael J. , Chen Yi-Fan , Simak Deborah , Hess Rachel 
Published: November 2013

OBJECTIVE
To assess racial differences in diabetes processes and intermediate outcomes of care in an internal medicine, patient-centered medical home (PCMH) group practice.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 1,457 adults with diabetes receiving care from 89 medical providers within a PCMH-designated academic practice between 1 July 2009 and 31 July 2010. We used mixed models to assess independent associations between patient race (non-Hispanic white or black) and 1) receipt of processes of care (A1C and LDL testing, foot and retinal examination, and influenza and pneumococcal vaccination) and 2) achievement of intermediate outcomes (LDL &lt;100 mg/dL, blood pressure [BP] &lt;140/90 mmHg, A1C &lt;7.0% [&lt;53 mmol/mol], and A1C &gt;9.0% [&gt;75 mmol/mol]), controlling for sociodemographic factors, health status, treatment intensity, and clinical continuity.

RESULTS
Compared with non-Hispanic white patients, black patients were younger, were more often single, had lower educational attainment, and were less likely to have commercial insurance. In unadjusted analyses, fewer black patients received a retinal examination and influenza vaccination during the study period or any lifetime pneumococcal vaccination (P &lt; 0.05 [all comparisons]). Fewer black patients achieved an LDL &lt;100 mg/dL, BP &lt;140/90 mmHg, or A1C &lt;7.0% (&lt;53 mmol/mol), while more black patients had an A1C &gt;9.0% (&gt;75 mmol/mol) (P &lt; 0.05 [all comparisons]). In multivariable models, black patients were less likely to receive A1C testing (odds ratio [OR] 0.57 [95% CI 0.34–0.95]) or influenza vaccination (OR 0.75 [95% CI 0.57–0.99]) or to achieve an LDL &lt;100 mg/dL (OR 0.74 [95% CI 0.55–0.99]) or BP &lt;140/90 mmHg (OR 0.64 [95% CI 0.49–0.84]).

CONCLUSIONS
Racial differences in processes and intermediate outcomes of diabetes care were present within this PCMH-designated practice, controlling for differences in sociodemographic, clinical, and treatment factors.
Development of a Digital Analysis System to Evaluate Peanut Maturity
Authors: Colvin B. C. , Rowland D. L. , Ferrell J. A. , Faircloth W. H. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT
The profile color class method developed by Williams and Drexler in 1981 for the prediction of peanut harvest has proven to be a relative description of peanut maturity and is currently used by growers. However, the method requires the subjective visual classification of pods based on the development of color in the mesocarp layer of the hull which naturally introduces variability and possible error in maturity prediction based solely on observer bias. A Digital Image Model (DIM) was developed to eliminate subjectivity in pod color classification. The DIM is a method in which a scanned image of pod mesocarp colors is analyzed using a color definition algorithm. The final output of the DIM is a ratio of pixel color classes. To develop the DIM, replicated plots were established in Florida in 2010 and 2011 and sequentially harvested starting at 120 days after planting (DAP) and then progressing at wk intervals through 155 DAP. At harvest, yield and grade were evaluated for each plot and pod samples were collected for color classification by a single observer using the current profile board method. These same pod samples were then imaged and analyzed with the DIM method. The percentage of black and brown pods (mature pods) classified by the profile board and the DIM method were evaluated to determine the overall performance of the DIM in comparison to the profile board. The DIM method was successful in predicting the percentage of black and brown pods similarly to the profile board in both years with R2 0.63 to 0.82 with images acquired from the saddle region of the pod. There was more variability in matching the DIM prediction to the profile board when imaging pods from random regions, with R2 0.19 to 0.82. The goal of this research was to develop an imaging system that could be accessed by growers, consultants, and extension agents for objective analysis and prediction of peanut maturity.
Autobiographical Memory Functions Served by Multiple Event Types
Authors: Waters Theodore E. A. , Bauer Patricia J. , Fivush Robyn 
Published: November 2013

SummaryAutobiographical memories are thought to serve three basic functions: self‐definition, social connection, and directing future behavior. Previous research suggests that the function a memory comes to serve may differ by the type of event recalled (e.g., single unique events vs. repeated or recurring events). In two studies, we compared memories for different event types on function served. Results from Study 1 suggest that narratives of single events serve more of a self and directive function compared with recurring events, whereas recurring events serve more of a social function. Extended events, however, were high on all three functions. Study 2 specifically examined single and recurring events. Results replicated and extended Study 1 using both narrative coding and questionnaire measures. Implications of the examination of multiple event types and functional approaches to autobiographical memory for understanding links between experiences and psychological outcomes are discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Organometallic Inhibitor for the Human Repair Enzyme 7,8‐Dihydro‐8‐oxoguanosine Triphosphatase
Authors: Streib Manuel , Kräling Katja , Richter Kristin , Xie Xiulan , Steuber Holger , Meggers Eric 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe probe‐based discovery of the first small‐molecule inhibitor of the repair enzyme 8‐oxo‐dGTPase (MTH1) is presented, which is an unconventional cyclometalated ruthenium half‐sandwich complex. The organometallic inhibitor with low‐nanomolar activity displays astonishing specificity, as verified in tests with an extended panel of protein kinases and other ATP binding proteins. The binding of the organometallic inhibitor to MTH1 is investigated by protein crystallography.
Optical and structural characterization of CdS/ZnS and CdS:Cu2+/ZnS core–shell nanoparticles
Authors: Murugadoss G. , Kumar M. Rajesh 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTCore‐shell CdS/ZnS (Zn 0.025‒0.125 M) and CdS:Cu2+(1%)/ZnS nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using a chemical method. X‐ray diffraction (XRD), high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR TEM), photoluminescence (PL) and UV/Visible (UV/Vis) techniques were used to characterize the novel CdS/ZnS and CdS:Cu2+/ZnS core–shell nanoparticles. All absorption peaks of the synthesized samples were highly blue‐shifted from the bulk CdS and ZnS. Very narrow and symmetric PL emission was observed in the yellow region for core–shell CdS/ZnS. Furthermore, the PL emission of CdS/ZnS was tuned into orange region by incorporate the Cu ion into the core CdS lattice. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Drug‐induced reduction in estimated glomerular filtration rate in patients with ALK‐positive non‐small cell lung cancer treated with the ALK inhibitor crizotinib
Authors: Brosnan Evelyn M. , Weickhardt Andrew J. , Lu Xian , Maxon Delee A. , Barón Anna E. , Chonchol Michel , Camidge D. Ross 
Published: November 2013

BACKGROUNDTo the best of the authors' knowledge, the renal side effects of crizotinib have not been investigated previously.METHODSThe estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration creatinine‐based prediction equation during the first 12 weeks of crizotinib therapy and after crizotinib but before the introduction of any further systemic therapy.RESULTSA total of 38 patients with stage IV anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐positive non‐small cell lung cancer who were treated with crizotinib were identified. The mean eGFR decreased by 23.9% compared with baseline (P < .0001; 95% confidence interval, 21.3%‐26.6%), with the majority of the decrease occurring within the first 2 weeks of therapy. Clinical history and blood urea nitrogen/creatinine ratios did not suggest prerenal causes. The objective response rate among evaluable patients (n = 27) was 41%. Tumor shrinkage was not correlated with changes in eGFR (correlation coefficient, −0.052; P = .798). Among the 16 patients for whom data after treatment with crizotinib were available, recovery to within 84% of the baseline eGFR occurred in all patients. After adjusting for the number of scans with intravenous contrast and the use of known nephrotoxic drugs, the issue of whether a patient was on or off crizotinib treatment was found to be significantly associated with changes in eGFR (P < .0001).CONCLUSIONSAs assessed by the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration prediction equation, eGFR is reduced by treatment with crizotinib, but the majority of patients will recover their eGFR after the cessation of therapy. The early onset, size of the change, minimal cumulative effect, and rapid reversibility raise the possibility that this may be a pharmacological and/or tubular creatinine secretion effect rather than a direct nephrotoxic effect. Increased vigilance with regard to the concomitant use of renally cleared medications or nephrotoxic agents should be considered for patients receiving crizotinib and, when eGFR is reduced, additional renal investigations should be undertaken. Cancer 2014;120:664–674. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
No improvement noted in overall or cause‐specific survival for men presenting with metastatic prostate cancer over a 20‐year period
Authors: Wu Jennifer N. , Fish Kari M. , Evans Christopher P. , deVere White Ralph W. , Dall'Era Marc A. 
Published: November 2013

BACKGROUNDProstate cancer mortality in the United States has declined by nearly 40% over the last 25 years. However, to the authors' knowledge, the contribution of prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) screening for the early detection of prostate cancer remains unclear and controversial. In the current study, the authors attempted to determine whether improvements in survival over time among patients with metastatic prostate cancer have contributed to the decline in mortality.METHODSMen aged ≥ 45 years who presented with de novo metastatic prostate cancer from 1988 to 2009 were identified within the California Cancer Registry. Overall survival and disease‐specific survival were estimated using the Kaplan‐Meier method. A multivariate analysis with Cox proportional hazards modeling was performed to adjust for different distributions of variables between groups.RESULTSA total of 19,336 men presented with de novo metastatic prostate cancer during the study period. On multivariate analysis, overall survival was found to be better for men diagnosed from 1988 through 1992 and 1993 through 1998 than for men diagnosed in the most recent era (hazards ratio, 0.78; 95% confidence interval, 0.72‐0.85 [P < .001] and HR, 0.79; 95% confidence interval, 0.74‐0.86 [P < .001]). There was no improvement in disease‐specific survival observed when comparing the most contemporary men (those diagnosed between 2004 and 2009) with those diagnosed between 1988 and 1997.CONCLUSIONSIn this analysis of men presenting with de novo metastatic prostate cancer, no consistent improvement in overall or disease‐specific survival could be demonstrated over time. These data suggest that improvements in survival for patients with advanced disease have not contributed substantially to the observed drop in prostate cancer mortality over the PSA era and that stage migration secondary to PSA screening plays a more prominent role. Cancer 2014;120:818–823. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Allelic specificity of Ube3a Expression In The Mouse Brain During Postnatal Development
Authors: Judson Matthew C. , Sosa‐Pagan Jason O. , Del Cid Wilmer A. , Han Ji Eun , Philpot Benjamin D. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTGenetic alterations of the maternal UBE3A allele result in Angelman syndrome (AS), a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by severe developmental delay, lack of speech, and difficulty with movement and balance. The combined effects of maternal UBE3A mutation and cell type–specific epigenetic silencing of paternal UBE3A are hypothesized to result in a complete loss of functional UBE3A protein in neurons. However, the allelic specificity of UBE3A expression in neurons and other cell types in the brain has yet to be characterized throughout development, including the early postnatal period when AS phenotypes emerge. Here we define maternal and paternal allele‐specific Ube3a protein expression throughout postnatal brain development in the mouse, a species that exhibits orthologous epigenetic silencing of paternal Ube3a in neurons and AS‐like behavioral phenotypes subsequent to maternal Ube3a deletion. We find that neurons downregulate paternal Ube3a protein expression as they mature and, with the exception of neurons born from postnatal stem cell niches, do not express detectable paternal Ube3a beyond the first postnatal week. By contrast, neurons express maternal Ube3a throughout postnatal development, during which time localization of the protein becomes increasingly nuclear. Unlike neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrotyes biallelically express Ube3a. Notably, mature oligodendrocytes emerge as the predominant Ube3a‐expressing glial cell type in the cortex and white matter tracts during postnatal development. These findings demonstrate the spatiotemporal characteristics of allele‐specific Ube3a expression in key brain cell types, thereby improving our understanding of the developmental parameters of paternal Ube3a silencing and the cellular basis of AS. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:1874–1896, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Verification of computational models of cardiac electro‐physiology
Authors: Pathmanathan Pras , Gray Richard A. 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYFor computational models of cardiac activity to be used in safety‐critical clinical decision‐making, thorough and rigorous testing of the accuracy of predictions is required. The field of ‘verification, validation and uncertainty quantification’ has been developed to evaluate the credibility of computational predictions. The first stage, verification, is the evaluation of how well computational software correctly solves the underlying mathematical equations. The aim of this paper is to introduce novel methods for verifying multi‐cellular electro‐physiological solvers, a crucial first stage for solvers to be used with confidence in clinical applications. We define 1D–3D model problems with exact solutions for each of the monodomain, bidomain, and bidomain‐with‐perfusing‐bath formulations of cardiac electro‐physiology, which allow for the first time the testing of cardiac solvers against exact errors on fully coupled problems in all dimensions. These problems are carefully constructed so that they can be easily run using a general solver and can be used to greatly increase confidence that an implementation is correct, which we illustrate by testing one major solver, ‘Chaste’, on the problems. We then perform case studies on calculation verification (also known as solution verification) for two specific applications. We conclude by making several recommendations regarding verification in cardiac modelling. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Blue‐to‐Orange Color‐Tunable Laser Emission from Tailored Boron‐Dipyrromethene Dyes
Authors: Esnal Ixone , Valois‐Escamilla Ismael , Gómez‐Durán César F. A. , Urías‐Benavides Arlette , Betancourt‐Mendiola María L. , López‐Arbeloa Iñigo , Bañuelos Jorge , García‐Moreno Inmaculada , Costela Angel , Peña‐Cabrera Eduardo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA series of meso‐substituted boron‐bipyrromethene (BODIPY) dyes are synthesized and their laser and photophysical properties systematically studied. Laser emission covering a wide visible spectral region (from blue to orange) is obtained by just changing the electron donor character of the heteroatom at position 8. The additional presence of methyl groups at positions 3 and 5 results in dyes with a photostability similar to that of the unsubstituted dye but with much improved efficiency. Correlation of the lasing properties of the different dyes to their photophysical properties provides inklings to define synthetic strategies of new BODIPY dyes with enhanced efficiency and modulated wavelength emission over the visible spectral region.
A shared mechanism of defense against predators and parasites: chitin regulation and its implications for life‐history theory
Authors: Beckerman Andrew P. , de Roij Job , Dennis Stuart R. , Little Tom J. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDefenses against predators and parasites offer excellent illustrations of adaptive phenotypic plasticity. Despite vast knowledge about such induced defenses, they have been studied largely in isolation, which is surprising, given that predation and parasitism are ubiquitous and act simultaneously in the wild. This raises the possibility that victims must trade‐off responses to predation versus parasitism. Here, we propose that arthropod responses to predators and parasites will commonly be based on the endocrine regulation of chitin synthesis and degradation. The proposal is compelling because many inducible defenses are centered on temporal or spatial modifications of chitin‐rich structures. Moreover, we show how the chitin synthesis pathway ends in a split to carapace or gut chitin, and how this form of molecular regulation can be incorporated into theory on life‐history trade‐offs, specifically the Y‐model. Our hypothesis thus spans several biological scales to address advice from Stearns that “Endocrine mechanisms may prove to be only the tip of an iceberg of physiological mechanisms that modulate the expression of genetic covariance”.
Legitimation of Certifying Partnerships in the Global Market Place
Authors: Glasbergen Pieter 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTOne of the main themes in the debate about global governance through private certifying partnerships regards their legitimacy. This paper argues that the main categories used in this debate – input and output legitimacy – largely result in a normative assessment, which does not help much with understanding better the practices of legitimating processes. As an addition to the literature focusing on legitimacy as a state of affair, this paper studies legitimacy as a dynamic process of change. To analyse these legitimation processes the paper suggests an approach based on the legitimacy challenges that the arrangements need to handle given the functions that they aim to fulfil. This approach is applied in a study of four frontrunner cases in different categories of certifying arrangements. The analysis reveals some of the drivers of legitimating processes and their relationships. It also shows the relative importance of procedural and substantive predetermined criteria to understand legitimacy issues of private regulation in the global market place. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Heterocyclic Ketene Aminals: Scaffolds for Heterocycle Molecular Diversity
Authors: Wang Kai‐Min , Yan Sheng‐Jiao , Lin Jun 
Published: November 2013

AbstractHeterocyclic ketene aminals (HKAs) have proven to be a class of fascinating and versatile synthetic building blocks for use in the construction of heterocyclic or fused heterocyclic compounds. The bicyclic, tricyclic, and tetracyclic nitrogen‐containing analogues with HKA skeleton widely exist in natural and synthetic drugs. To understand and to master the reaction properties of HKAs and to construct other new fused heterocycles in the future, it is very important and necessary to investigate HKAs. This review covers the relevant contributions of the last twenty years with respect to the developments and applications of HKAs, categorized by reaction type.
Bundle streaming service: design, implementation and performance evaluation
Authors: Lenas Sotirios‐Angelos , Burleigh Scott C. , Tsaoussidis Vassilis 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe present bundle streaming service (BSS), a communication framework that allows for reliable data streaming over delay/disruptive tolerant networks. BSS improves the reception and storage of data streams through the application of sophisticated forwarding tactics and the exploitation of inherent delay/disruptive tolerant networking (DTN) architecture features. The proposed framework, which targets easy configuration and deployment, comprises two elements: a bundle forwarder and a software library. Both elements were implemented as part of the interplanetary overlay network DTN platform. Using European Space Agency's DTN testbed, we experimentally evaluate BSS performance across a wide range of network scenarios. Based on these emulation results, we discuss the associated performance trade‐offs along with potential improvement opportunities and demonstrate BSS's suitability for both terrestrial and space environments. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spectrochemical Determination of Indium in Uranium‐Indium Alloys: Part I (0.2–6 wt% of In)
Authors: Held Sima , Schoenfeld Irena 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe method provides for the determination of indium in uranium‐indium alloys in the concentration range 0.2 – 6 wt% of indium. Hydrochloric acid solutions of the sample are excited by the “copper spark” technique and the intensity ratios of the analytical lines: In I 4101.77A and U II 4090.14A are determined photometrically and related to the concentration of indium. The coefficient of variation of a single determination of indium concentration is about 10% in the concentration range 0.5–6 wt% of indium, and about 17% for lower concentrations. The limit of detection is 0.1 wt% of indium.
10‐Phenyl‐Dibenz [B,F] Oxepin and — Dibenzo [B,F] Thiepin
Authors: Bergmann E.D. , Rabinovitz M. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBy a method of ring enlargement, 10‐phenyl‐dibenz [b,f] oxepin and 10‐phenyl‐dibenzo [b,f] thiepin have been prepared from suitable derivatives of xanthene and thioxanthene, respectively.
Studies in Syntheses of Steroid Metabolites. I.
Authors: Harnik M. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSeveral approaches to the synthesis of 3α, 11β‐dihydroxy‐5α‐androstane‐17‐one (Vila) and 3α‐hydroxy‐5α‐androstane‐11,17‐dione (XIIa) are discussed. The preferred route involves selective sodium borohydride reduction of 5α‐androstane‐3,11,17‐trione (V) to 3β‐hydroxy‐5α‐androstane‐11,17‐dione (VIa) and solvolysis of its tosylate (VIc) to afford a mixture of the ketoalcohol (XIIa) and the olefin (VIIIb). The latter is then converted, through the ketals (XIb) and (XIIIb), into the diolone (VIIa).
Studies on the Mechanism of the Inhibitory Effect of Ethidium Bromide on Purine Nucleotide Metabolism
Authors: Razin A. , Mager J. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe potent tryponocidal drug, ethidium bromide was found to exert an inhibitory effect on the synthesis of ribonucleotides from preformed purines in rabbit red blood cells. The inhibition was much more pronounced with reticulocytes than with mature erythrocytes. The same compound showed little if any effect on the de novo synthesis of purine nucleotides in reticulocytes.The major biochemical lesion induced by ethidium bromide was reflected in a decline of the intracellular ATP content. The ATP decay was attributable to the deleterious action of the drug on the mitochondrial respiration and oxidative phosphorylation. The preferential blockage of the nucleotide formation from exogenously supplied purines appears to be determined by the high demand of this system for ATP supply owing to its vigorous activity contrasting with the slow rate of the de novo biosynthetic pathway.Our data do not support the hypothesis of Kandaswamy and Henderson (Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 61: 86, 1962) postulating the separate existence and metabolism of two biosynthetically distinct pools of purine ribonucleotides.