bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cut‐off Scores and Clinical Change Indices for the Dutch Outcome Questionnaire (OQ‐45) in a Large Sample of Normal and Several Psychotherapeutic Populations
Authors: Timman Reinier , de Jong Kim , de Neve‐Enthoven Nita 
Published: October 2015

The Outcome Questionnaire‐45 (OQ‐45; Lambert et al., ) has been designed for frequent assessment of a patient's functioning during the course of psychotherapy and has become one of the most frequently used outcome measures in the Netherlands. The OQ‐45 was originally normed on outpatients in secondary care only, but is applied in a wide variety of patient populations. As such, it has become increasingly important to provide cut‐off scores with the normal population, as well as between different patient populations. The present large‐scale Dutch study aims to provide cut‐off scores between several populations. Data were collected from the normal population (n = 1810) and patients in five different treatment settings: outpatient primary care (n = 1581), outpatient secondary care (n = 9433), private practice (n = 457), day patient (n = 481) and inpatient therapies (n = 485), a total of more than 14.000 administrations. Reliable change indices and cut‐off scores were calculated using the method of Jacobson and Truax (). The reliable change index for the patient population was calculated as 18 and the cut‐off between the normal and patient population as 56. Sensitivity, specificity and area under the curves of cut‐off scores between the normal population and the treatment settings were satisfactory and generally higher than 0.80. Between the patient populations, these measures were generally too low for strict use. The OQ‐45 total score can satisfactorily discriminate between the normal and patient populations. For assignment to specific treatment types, the OQ‐45 may help, but its use is somewhat limited in practice. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

The Dutch OQ‐45 has satisfactory levels of reliability, sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve.
The new overall cut‐off score for normal function for the Dutch OQ‐45 is 56 and the new reliable change index is 18.
Cut‐off scores for several therapeutic treatments are provided.
Enhancing CBT for Chronic Insomnia: A Randomised Clinical Trial of Additive Components of Mindfulness or Cognitive Therapy
Authors: Wong Mei Yin , Ree Melissa J. , Lee Christopher W. 
Published: October 2015

Although cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for insomnia has resulted in significant reductions in symptoms, most patients are not classified as good sleepers after treatment. The present study investigated whether additional sessions of cognitive therapy (CT) or mindfulness‐based therapy (MBT) could enhance CBT in 64 participants with primary insomnia. All participants were given four sessions of standard CBT as previous research had identified this number of sessions as an optimal balance between therapist guidance and patient independence. Participants were then allocated to further active treatment (four sessions of CT or MBT) or a no further treatment control. The additional treatments resulted in significant improvements beyond CBT on self‐report and objective measures of sleep and were well tolerated as evidenced by no dropouts from either treatment. The effect sizes for each of these additional treatments were large and clinically significant. The mean scores on the primary outcome measure, the Insomnia Severity Index, were 5.74 for CT and 6.69 for MBT, which are within the good‐sleeper range. Treatment effects were maintained at follow‐up. There were no significant differences between CT and MBT on any outcome measure. These results provide encouraging data on how to enhance CBT for treatment of insomnia. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

CBT treatments for insomnia can be enhanced using recent developments in cognitive therapy.
CBT treatments for insomnia can be enhanced using mindfulness‐based treatments.
Both cognitive therapy and mindfulness produce additional clinically significant change.
Does the utilization of dental services associate with masticatory performance in a Japanese urban population?: the Suita study
Authors: Kikui Miki , Ono Takahiro , Kida Momoyo , Kosaka Takayuki , Yamamoto Masaaki , Yoshimuta Yoko , Yasui Sakae , Nokubi Takashi , Maeda Yoshinobu , Kokubo Yoshihiro , Watanabe Makoto , Miyamoto Yoshihiro 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThere are numerous reports on the relationship between regular utilization of dental care services and oral health, but most are based on questionnaires and subjective evaluation. Few have objectively evaluated masticatory performance and its relationship to utilization of dental care services. The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of regular utilization of dental services on masticatory performance. The subjects consisted of 1804 general residents of Suita City, Osaka Prefecture (760 men and 1044 women, mean age 66.5 ± 7.9 years). Regular utilization of dental services and oral hygiene habits (frequency of toothbrushing and use of interdental aids) was surveyed, and periodontal status, occlusal support, and masticatory performance were measured. Masticatory performance was evaluated by a chewing test using gummy jelly. The correlation between age, sex, regular dental utilization, oral hygiene habits, periodontal status or occlusal support, and masticatory performance was analyzed using Spearman's correlation test and t‐test. In addition, multiple linear regression analysis was carried out to investigate the relationship of regular dental utilization with masticatory performance after controlling for other factors. Masticatory performance was significantly correlated to age when using Spearman's correlation test, and to regular dental utilization, periodontal status, or occlusal support with t‐test. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that regular utilization of dental services was significantly related to masticatory performance even after adjusting for age, sex, oral hygiene habits, periodontal status, and occlusal support (standardized partial regression coefficient β = 0.055). These findings suggested that the regular utilization of dental care services is an important factor influencing masticatory performance in a Japanese urban population.
A high step‐up half‐bridge DC/DC converter with a special coupled inductor for input current ripple cancelation and extended voltage doubler circuit for power conditioning of fuel cell systems
Authors: Moradisizkoohi Hadi , Milimonfared Jafar , Taheri Meghdad , Salehi Sina 
Published: October 2015

SummaryThis paper presents a high step‐up soft switched dc–dc converter having the feature of current ripple cancelation in the input stage that is specialized for power conditioning of fuel cell systems. The converter comprises a special half‐bridge converter and a rectifier stage based upon the voltage‐doubler circuit, in which the coupled‐inductor technology is amalgamated with switched‐capacitor circuit. The input current with no ripple is the principal characteristics of this topology that is achieved by utilizing a small coupled inductor. In addition, the low clamped voltage stress across both power switches and output diodes is another advantage of the proposed converter, which allows employing the metal–oxide–semiconductor field‐effect transistors with minuscule on‐state resistance and diodes with lower forward voltage‐drop, and thereby, the semiconductors' conduction losses diminish considerably. The inherent nature of this topology handles the switching scheme based on the asymmetrical pulse width modulation in order for switches to establish the zero voltage switching, leading to lower switching losses. Besides, because of the absence of the reverse‐recovery phenomenon, all diodes turn off with zero current switching. At last, a 250‐W laboratory prototype with the input voltage 24 V and output voltage 380 V is implemented to verify the especial features of the proposed converter. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On a class of cross coupled fully differential filters
Authors: Maundy B. J. , Elwakil A. S. , Gift S. J. G. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryIn this paper, a class of cross‐coupled differential filters is presented. The filters implemented are second order, using two transistors cross‐coupled surrounded by passive RLC components. The input of each filter is differential and so is its output. Biasing of each filter is straightforward, and the stability of the filters is examined. Several of the filters were built experimentally using discrete components and simulated using SPICE in a 0.18 µm Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process, confirming the validity of the filters. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neurobehavioral development of common marmoset monkeys
Authors: Schultz‐Darken Nancy , Braun Katarina M. , Emborg Marina E. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTCommon marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) monkeys are a resource for biomedical research and their use is predicted to increase due to the suitability of this species for transgenic approaches. Identification of abnormal neurodevelopment due to genetic modification relies upon the comparison with validated patterns of normal behavior defined by unbiased methods. As scientists unfamiliar with nonhuman primate development are interested to apply genomic editing techniques in marmosets, it would be beneficial to the field that the investigators use validated methods of postnatal evaluation that are age and species appropriate. This review aims to analyze current available data on marmoset physical and behavioral postnatal development, describe the methods used and discuss next steps to better understand and evaluate marmoset normal and abnormal postnatal neurodevelopment. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 58: 141–158, 2016.
Don't let spurious accusations of pseudoreplication limit our ability to learn from natural experiments (and other messy kinds of ecological monitoring)
Authors: Davies G. Matt , Gray Alan 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPseudoreplication is defined as the use of inferential statistics to test for treatment effects where treatments are not replicated and/or replicates are not statistically independent. It is a genuine but controversial issue in ecology particularly in the case of costly landscape‐scale manipulations, behavioral studies where ethics or other concerns may limit sample sizes, ad hoc monitoring data, and the analysis of natural experiments where chance events occur at a single site. Here key publications on the topic are reviewed to illustrate the debate that exists about the conceptual validity of pseudoreplication. A survey of ecologists and case studies of experimental design and publication issues are used to explore the extent of the problem, ecologists’ solutions, reviewers’ attitudes, and the fate of submitted manuscripts. Scientists working across a range of ecological disciplines regularly come across the problem of pseudoreplication and build solutions into their designs and analyses. These include carefully defining hypotheses and the population of interest, acknowledging the limits of statistical inference and using statistical approaches including nesting and random effects. Many ecologists face considerable challenges getting their work published if accusations of pseudoreplication are made – even if the problem has been dealt with. Many reviewers reject papers for pseudoreplication, and this occurs more often if they haven't experienced the issue themselves. The concept of pseudoreplication is being applied too dogmatically and often leads to rejection during review. There is insufficient consideration of the associated philosophical issues and potential statistical solutions. By stopping the publication of ecological studies, reviewers are slowing the pace of ecological research and limiting the scope of management case studies, natural events studies, and valuable data available to form evidence‐based solutions. Recommendations for fair and consistent treatment of pseudoreplication during writing and review are given for authors, reviewers, and editors.
One‐Step Facile Synthesis and Luminescence Properties of Eu3+‐Doped Silica Nanowires
Authors: Chen Jie , Sheng Ye , Zhou Xiuqing , Zhang Hui , Shi Zhan , Zou Haifeng 
Published: October 2015

AbstractUniformly sized and shaped Eu3+‐doped silica nanowires were conventionally fabricated by the microemulsion method accompanied with a sol–gel process for the first time. The products were characterized by different techniques, and their luminescence properties were investigated and compared. The scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images demonstrated that the as‐synthesized Eu3+‐doped silica nanowires were formed in high yield with a smooth surface and a uniform diameter of about 130–150 nm. The results of FTIR spectroscopy, energy‐dispersive spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction showed that the Eu3+ ions were doped into the silica network structure in the form of Si–O–Eu bonds. The effect of the Eu3+ concentration on the luminescent intensity was investigated, and the highest emission intensity was found at the composition of 20 mol‐% Eu3+. The obtained Eu3+‐doped silica nanowires exhibited characteristic luminescent emission of Eu3+ at λ = 613 nm and apparent concentration quenching above the concentration of 20 mol‐% Eu3+. The growth processes of the silica nanowires were explained in detail on the basis of a modified vapor–liquid–solid mechanism.
The chemical quality of frozen Vietnamese Pangasius hypophthalmus fillets
Authors: Guimarães Carlos Frederico Marques , Mársico Eliane Teixeira , Monteiro Maria Lúcia Guerra , Lemos Môsar , Mano Sergio Borges , Conte Junior Carlos Adam 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the chemical quality parameters regarding frozen Pangasius hypophthalmus specimens from Vietnam. The proximate composition, pH, ammonia, biogenic amines (BAs), total mercury (Hg), malondialdehyde (MDA), and polyphosphate were determined. The moisture, protein, lipid and ash values were between 83.83–85.59, 12.51–14.52, 1.09–1.65, and 0.76–2.38 g 100 g−1, respectively. Fraud by excessive polyphosphate addition was detected in 30% of the samples whereas Hg above the recommended limit was observed in 50% of the samples. With regard to compounds from the degradation process, low concentrations of individual BAs and pH values were found in this study and ranged from 5.88 to 6.18, except for samples with polyphosphate >1 g 100−1 (pH > 7.00) were observed in the present study. However, ammonia concentration indicated that a degradation process initiated in 80% of the samples (0.12–0.34 NH3 g−1) and 20% of the samples (1.87–1.94 μg NH3 g−1) were in an advanced deterioration process. Furthermore, MDA values (1.21–7.88 mg kg−1) suggested some failures, mainly during transportation and/or storage. We concluded that quality control measures must be implemented on the Pangasius production chain to improve the quality of products provided to consumers worldwide.
Assessing the Genetic Predisposition of Education on Myopia: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Cuellar‐Partida Gabriel , Lu Yi , Kho Pik Fang , Hewitt Alex W. , Wichmann H.‐Erich , Yazar Seyhan , Stambolian Dwight , Bailey‐Wilson Joan E. , Wojciechowski Robert , Wang Jie Jin , Mitchell Paul , Mackey David A. , MacGregor Stuart 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTMyopia is the largest cause of uncorrected visual impairments globally and its recent dramatic increase in the population has made it a major public health problem. In observational studies, educational attainment has been consistently reported to be correlated to myopia. Nonetheless, correlation does not imply causation. Observational studies do not tell us if education causes myopia or if instead there are confounding factors underlying the association. In this work, we use a two‐step least squares instrumental‐variable (IV) approach to estimate the causal effect of education on refractive error, specifically myopia. We used the results from the educational attainment GWAS from the Social Science Genetic Association Consortium to define a polygenic risk score (PGRS) in three cohorts of late middle age and elderly Caucasian individuals (N = 5,649). In a meta‐analysis of the three cohorts, using the PGRS as an IV, we estimated that each z‐score increase in education (approximately 2 years of education) results in a reduction of 0.92 ± 0.29 diopters (P = 1.04 × 10−3). Our estimate of the effect of education on myopia was higher (P = 0.01) than the observed estimate (0.25 ± 0.03 diopters reduction per education z‐score [∼2 years] increase). This suggests that observational studies may actually underestimate the true effect. Our Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis provides new evidence for a causal role of educational attainment on refractive error.
Genetic Variants Influencing Joint Damage in Mexican Americans and European Americans With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Arya Rector , del Rincon Inmaculada , Farook Vidya S. , Restrepo Jose F , Winnier Diedre A , Fourcaudot Marcel J , Battafarano Daniel F , de Almeida Marcio , Kumar Satish , Curran Joanne E , Jenkinson Christopher P. , Blangero John , Duggirala Ravindranath , Escalante Agustin 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTJoint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is heritable, but knowledge on specific genetic determinants of joint damage in RA is limited. We have used the Immunochip array to examine whether genetic variants influence variation in joint damage in a cohort of Mexican Americans (MA) and European Americans (EA) with RA. We studied 720 MA and 424 EA patients with RA. Joint damage was quantified using a radiograph of both hands and wrists, scored using Sharp's technique. We conducted association analyses with the transformed Sharp score and the Immunochip single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data using PLINK. In MAs, 15 SNPs from chromosomes 1, 5, 9, 17 and 22 associated with joint damage yielded strong p‐values (p < 1 × 10−4). The strongest association with joint damage was observed with rs7216796, an intronic SNP located in the MAP3K14 gene, on chromosome 17 (β ± SE = −0.25 ± 0.05, p = 6.23 × 10−6). In EAs, 28 SNPs from chromosomes 1, 4, 6, 9, and 21 showed associations with joint damage (p‐value < 1 × 10−4). The best association was observed on chromosome 9 with rs59902911 (β ± SE = 0.86 ± 0.17, p = 1.01 × 10−6), a synonymous SNP within the CARD9 gene. We also observed suggestive evidence for some loci influencing joint damage in MAs and EAs. We identified two novel independent loci (MAP3K14 and CARD9) strongly associated with joint damage in MAs and EAs and a few shared loci showing suggestive evidence for association.
Regression Trees Identify Relevant Interactions: Can This Improve the Predictive Performance of Risk Adjustment?
Authors: Buchner Florian , Wasem Jürgen , Schillo Sonja 
Published: October 2015

AbstractRisk equalization formulas have been refined since their introduction about two decades ago. Because of the complexity and the abundance of possible interactions between the variables used, hardly any interactions are considered. A regression tree is used to systematically search for interactions, a methodologically new approach in risk equalization.Analyses are based on a data set of nearly 2.9 million individuals from a major German social health insurer.A two‐step approach is applied: In the first step a regression tree is built on the basis of the learning data set. Terminal nodes characterized by more than one morbidity‐group‐split represent interaction effects of different morbidity groups. In the second step the ‘traditional’ weighted least squares regression equation is expanded by adding interaction terms for all interactions detected by the tree, and regression coefficients are recalculated.The resulting risk adjustment formula shows an improvement in the adjusted R2 from 25.43% to 25.81% on the evaluation data set. Predictive ratios are calculated for subgroups affected by the interactions.The R2 improvement detected is only marginal. According to the sample level performance measures used, not involving a considerable number of morbidity interactions forms no relevant loss in accuracy. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biogas upgrading from vinasse digesters: a comparison between an anoxic biotrickling filter and an algal‐bacterial photobioreactor
Authors: Lebrero Raquel , Toledo‐Cervantes Alma , Muñoz Raúl , del Nery Valéria , Foresti Eugenio 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDBiological technologies for biogas upgrading such as anoxic biotrickling filters (BTF) and algal–bacterial photobioreactors (PBR) constitute a cost‐effective, environmentally friendly alternative to conventional physical–chemical methods. Nonetheless, there is a lack of studies comparing their performance when treating real biogas.RESULTSA H2S removal efficiency >98% was consistently recorded in both systems, with elimination capacities up to 26 and 12.4 g S‐H2S m−3 h−1 in the BTF and PBR, respectively, at empty bed residence times (EBRTs) of ∼ 30 min. Both bioreactors demonstrated a high robustness towards fluctuations in biogas composition and flowrate, maintaining nearly complete desulfurization despite the variations in sulfur load and EBRT. The BTF also showed an immediate recovery from a 15 days operational shut‐down, and the ability to utilize the nutrients from nitrate‐supplemented digestate during biogas desulfurization. In addition, the PBR supported an average CO2 removal of 23.0 ± 11.8%, increasing to 62% at higher pH of 8.1, with a carbon fixation rate of 285 mg CO2 L−1 d−1.CONCLUSIONSThe BTF was confirmed as a robust technology for the desulfurization of real biogas, even when supplemented with effluent from the digester. High H2S removal was also achieved in the PBR, the CO2 fixation capacity of microalgae enhancing biogas purification. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
How temperature‐induced variation in musculoskeletal anatomy affects escape performance and survival of zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Ackerly Kerri L. , Ward Andrea B. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTFishes are particularly sensitive to the effects of environmental conditions during early development, which can significantly impact adult morphology, performance, and survival. Previous research has highlighted the sensitivity of fishes to the effects of temperature during early development on vertebral number and muscle composition, which are both important determinants of an individual's swimming performance. In this study, we investigated the effect of developmental temperature on vertebral and muscle variation, and the subsequent effect of any variation on burst swimming performance in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Following development at a range of temperatures, all individuals were shifted to and maintained at a common temperature before startle responses were recorded and individuals were analyzed for either vertebral number or muscle composition. Our results indicate that developmental temperature does not significantly affect muscle composition, but can affect an individual's vertebral number, and that individuals with more vertebrae achieved greater displacement and velocities during C‐start performance. To determine the ecological importance of this vertebral variation and to identify the potential selective factors behind it, we exposed populations of zebrafish with various vertebral numbers to native predators, needlenose garfish (Xenentodon cancila). We found that only caudal vertebral number was related to survival, and that survivors had the same caudal vertebral number across developmental temperatures. Overall, this work highlights the importance of including variation in musculoskeletal anatomy when investigating what is driving selection in fishes. J. Exp. Zool. 325A:25–40, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.