bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perivascular Stem Cells at the Tip of Mouse Incisors Regulate Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Pang Yvonne WY , Feng Jifan , Daltoe Felipe , Fatscher Robert , Gentleman Eileen , Gentleman Molly M , Sharpe Paul T 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

Cells with in vitro properties similar to those of bone marrow stromal stem cells are present in tooth pulp as quiescent cells that are mobilized by damage. These dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) respond to damage by stimulating proliferation and differentiation into odontoblast-like cells that form dentine to repair the damage. In continuously growing mouse incisors, tissue at the incisor tips is continuously being damaged by the shearing action between the upper and lower teeth acting to self-sharpen the tips. We investigated mouse incisor tips as a model for the role of DPSCs in a continuous natural repair/regeneration process. We show that the pulp at the incisor tip is composed of a disorganized mass of mineralized tissue produced by odontoblast-like cells. These cells become embedded into the mineralized tissue that is rapidly formed and then lost during feeding. Tetracycline labeling not only revealed the expected incorporation into newly synthesized dentine formation of the incisor but also a zone covering the pulp cavity at the tips of the incisors that is mineralized very rapidly. This tissue was dentine-like but had a significantly lower mineral content than dentine as determined by Raman spectroscopy. The mineral was more crystalline than dentine, indicative of small, defect-free mineral particles. To identify the origin of cells responsible for deposition of this mineralized tissue, we genetically labeled perivascular cells by crossing NG2ERT2Cre and Nestin Cre mice with reporter mice. A large number of pericyte-derived cells were visible in the pulp of incisor tips with some having elongated, odontoblast-like shapes. These results show that in mouse incisors, rapid, continuous mineralization occurs at the tip to seal off the pulp tissue from the external environment. The mineral is formed by perivascular-derived cells that differentiate into cells expressing dentin sialo-phosphoprotein (DSPP) and produce a dentine-like material in a process that functions as continuous natural tissue regeneration. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Predictors of Prolonged Grief, Resilience, and Recovery Among Bereaved Spouses
Authors: Mancini Anthony D. , Sinan Beyza , Bonanno George A. 
Published: September 2015

ObjectiveMost reactions to loss can be characterized by three prototypical trajectories of resilience, gradual recovery, and chronic distress (Bonanno, ). However, research on the factors that uniquely predict these trajectories of response has been limited. We examined theoretically relevant predictors of each of the trajectory patterns.MethodWe assessed 115 bereaved spouses at 1.5 to 3 years postloss and 74 married controls. To identify grief trajectory, we provided bereaved participants with a graphical depiction of the trajectories and asked them to select the one that best described their experience.ResultsGroup comparisons revealed substantial differences between resilient and prolonged grievers, and almost no differences between resilient and married controls. Multivariate analyses indicated that prolonged grief, when compared to resilience, was uniquely associated with maladaptive dependency traits, difficulty accessing positive memories of the deceased, and higher recalled marital adjustment.ConclusionThe present results extend our understanding of factors associated with distinct trajectories of adjustment after loss.
Effect of cooking temperatures on characteristics and microstructure of camel meat emulsion sausages
Authors: Mohamed Hussein MH , Emara Mohamed MT , Nouman Taha M 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe camel is an excellent source of high quality meat and camel meat might be a potential alternative for beef. This study aimed to manipulate the raw camel meat for the production of stable and acceptable emulsion sausage, as well as to study the effect of cooking at different core temperatures on the tenderness, sensory quality and microstructure of produced sausage.RESULTSIncreasing the cooking temperature of sausages resulted in reduction of the shear force values from 2.67 kgf after cooking at 85 °C to 1.57 kgf after cooking at 105 °C. The sensory scores of sausages have been improved by increasing the cooking core temperature of meat batter. The light and scanning electron microscope micrographs revealed solubilisation of the high quantity of connective tissue of camel meat. High emulsion stability values for the camel meat batter associated with high values of water‐holding capacity for raw camel meat and meat batter have been recorded.CONCLUSIONStable and acceptable camel meat emulsion can be developed from camel meat. Increasing the cooking core temperature of meat batter improved the quality of produced sausages. Therefore, camel meat emulsion sausages might be a potential alternative for beef particularly in Asian and African countries. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Electrically suppressed helix ferroelectric liquid crystals for modern displays
Authors: Srivastava Abhishek Kumar , Chigrinov Vladimir G. , Kwok Hoi‐Sing 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this article, we disclose electrically suppressed helix ferroelectric liquid crystal (ESHFLC) that is characterized by high optical quality and fast response time at the cost of extremely small driving voltage. These unique features of the ESHFLCs are highly sensitive to the anchoring energy that should be smaller and comparable to the elastic energy of the ferroelectric liquid crystal helix. The photo alignment, which offers good control on the anchoring energy by means of the irradiation energy, is critically important to lock the optimum parameters of the ESHFLC display cell. An example of field sequential color display with the frame frequency of 240 Hz at the driving voltage of 2 V has been demonstrated.
Remediation of problematic residents—A national survey
Authors: Bhatti Nasir I. , Ahmed Aadil , Stewart Michael G. , Miller Robert H. , Choi Sukgi S. 
Published: September 2015

Objectives/HypothesisDespite careful selection processes, residency programs face the challenge of training residents who fall below minimal performance standards. Poor performance of a resident can endanger both patient safety and the reputation of the residency program. It is important, therefore, for a program to identify such residents and implement strategies for their successful remediation. The purpose of our study was to gather information on evaluation and remediation strategies employed by different otolaryngology programs.Study DesignCross‐sectional survey.MethodsWe conducted a national survey, sending a questionnaire to the program directors of 106 otolaryngology residency programs. We collected information on demographics of the program, identification of problematic residents, and remediation strategies.ResultsThe response rate was 74.5%, with a 2% cumulative incidence of problematic residents in otolaryngology programs during the past 10 years. The most frequently reported deficiencies of problematic residents were unprofessional behavior with colleagues/staff (38%), insufficient medical knowledge (37%), and poor clinical judgment (34%). Personal or professional stress was the most frequently identified underlying problem (70.5%). Remediation efforts included general counseling (78%), frequent feedback sessions (73%), assignment of a mentor (58%), and extra didactics (47%). These remediation efforts failed to produce improvement in 23% of the identified residents, ultimately leading to their dismissal.ConclusionsThe apparent deficiencies, underlying causes, and remediation strategies vary among otolaryngology residency programs. Based on the results of this survey, we offer recommendations for the early identification of problematic residents and a standardized remediation plan.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 126:834–838, 2016
Confocal imaging of carbon dioxide laser‐ablated basal cell carcinomas: An ex‐vivo study on the uptake of contrast agent and ablation parameters
Authors: Sierra Heidy , Damanpour Shadi , Hibler Brian , Nehal Kishwer , Rossi Anthony , Rajadhyaksha Milind 
Published: September 2015

Background and ObjectivesLaser ablation can be an effective treatment for the minimally invasive removal of superficial and early nodular basal cell carcinomas (BCCs). However, the lack of histological confirmation after ablation results in high variability of recurrence rates and has been a limitation. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) imaging, combined with a contrast agent, may detect the presence (or absence) of residual BCC tumors directly on the patient and thus provide noninvasive histology‐like feedback to guide ablation. The goal of this ex vivo bench‐top study was to determine affective ablation parameters (fluence, number of passes) for a CO2 laser that will allow both removal of BCCs and control of the underlying thermal coagulation zone in post‐ablated tissue to enable uptake of contrast agent and RCM imaging.Materials and MethodsWe used 72 discarded fresh normal skin specimens and frozen BCC tumor specimens to characterize the depth of ablation and to evaluate uptake of contrast agent and image quality. Acetic acid was used to enhance nuclear brightness (“acetowhitening”) during imaging pre‐ and post‐ablation. Histology sections of the post‐ablated imaged surface were visually examined for the appearance of nuclear and dermal morphology and compared to the RCM images.ResultsResults for 1–3 passes of 5.5 J/cm2, 6.5 and 7.5 J/cm2, and 1–2 passes of 8.5 J/cm2 showed the uptake of acetic acid for contrast and RCM imaging of the presence and absence of residual BCC tumors in post‐ablated tissue. Morphologic details in the images were validated by the histology.ConclusionThe use of effective ablation parameters may enable RCM imaging to guide ablation. Lasers Surg. Med. 48:133–139, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fam83h null mice support a neomorphic mechanism for human ADHCAI
Authors: Wang Shih‐Kai , Hu Yuanyuan , Yang Jie , Smith Charles E. , Richardson Amelia S , Yamakoshi Yasuo , Lee Yuan‐Ling , Seymen Figen , Koruyucu Mine , Gencay Koray , Lee Moses , Choi Murim , Kim Jung‐Wook , Hu Jan C‐C. , Simmer James P. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractTruncation mutations in FAM83H (family with sequence similarity 83, member H) cause autosomal dominant hypocalcified amelogenesis imperfecta (ADHCAI), but little is known about FAM83H function and the pathogenesis of ADHCAI. We recruited three ADHCAI families and identified two novel (p.Gln457*; p.Lys639*) and one previously documented (p.Q452*) disease‐causing FAM83H mutations. We generated and characterized Fam83h‐knockout/lacZ‐knockin mice. Surprisingly, enamel thickness, density, Knoop hardness, morphology, and prism patterns were similar in Fam83h+/+, Fam83h+/−, and Fam83h−/− mice. The histology of ameloblasts in all stages of development, in both molars and incisors, was virtually identical in all three genotypes and showed no signs of pathology, although the Fam83h−/− mice usually died after 2 weeks and rarely survived to 7 weeks. LacZ expression in the knockin mice was used to report Fam83h expression in the epithelial tissues of many organs, notably in skin and hair follicles, which manifested a disease phenotype. Pull‐down studies determined that FAM83H dimerizes through its N‐terminal phospholipase D‐like (PLD‐like) domain and identified potential FAM83H interacting proteins. Casein kinase 1 (CK1) interacts with the FAM83H PLD‐like domain via an F270‐X‐X‐X‐F274‐X‐X‐X‐F278 motif. CK1 can phosphorylate FAM83H in vitro, and many phosphorylation sites were identified in the FAM83H C‐terminus. Truncation of FAM83H alters its subcellular localization and that of CK1. Our results support the conclusion that FAM83H is not necessary for proper dental enamel formation in mice, but may act as a scaffold protein that localizes CK1. ADHCAI is likely caused by gain‐of‐function effects mediated by truncated FAM83H, which potentially mislocalizes CK1 as part of its pathological mechanism.
Blow‐up phenomena for a class of fourth‐order nonlinear wave equations with a viscous damping term
Authors: Khelghati Ali , Baghaei Khadijeh 
Published: September 2015

This paper deals with the blow‐up phenomena for a class of fourth‐order nonlinear wave equations with a viscous damping term

urn:x-wiley:mma:media:mma3623:mma3623-math-0046
with Ω = (0,1) and α > 0. Here, f(s) is a given nonlinear smooth function.For 0 < α < p – 1, we prove that the blow‐up occurs in finite time for arbitrary positive initial energy and suitable initial data. This result extends the recent results obtained by Xu et al. (Applicable Analysis)(2013) and Chen and Lu (J. Math. Anal. Appl.)(2009). Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Index lesion characterization by 11C‐Choline PET/CT and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient parameters at 3 Tesla MRI in primary prostate carcinoma
Authors: Hernández‐Argüello Miguel , Quiceno Hernán , Pascual Ignacio , Solorzano José L. , Benito Alberto , Collantes María , Rodríguez‐Fraile Macarena , Pardo Javier , Richter José A. 
Published: September 2015

BACKGROUNDIndex lesion characterization is important in the evaluation of primary prostate carcinoma (PPC). The aim of this study was to analyze the contribution of 11C‐Choline PET/CT and the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient maps (ADC) in detecting the Index Lesion and clinically significant tumors in PPC.METHODSTwenty‐one untreated patients with biopsy‐proven PPC and candidates for radical prostatectomy (RP) were prospectively evaluated by means of Ultra‐High Definition PET/CT and 3T MRI, which included T2‐weighted imaging (T2WI) and ADC maps obtained from diffusion weighted imaging (DWI). Independent experts analyzed all the images separately and were unaware of the pathological data. In each case, the Index lesion was defined as the largest tumor measured on histopathology (Index H). In addition, the largest lesion observed on MRI (Index MRI) and the highest avid 11C‐Choline uptake lesion (Index PET) were obtained. The Gleason scores (GS) of the tumors were determined. PET/CT and ADC map quantitative parameters were also calculated. Measures of correlation among imaging parameters as well as the sensitivity (S), specificity (Sp), negative and positive predictive values (NPV and PPV) for tumor detection were analyzed. All data was validated with the pathological study.RESULTSIn the morphological study, 139 foci of carcinoma were identified, 47 of which corresponded to clinically significant tumors (>0.5 cm3). The remaining foci presented a maximum diameter (dmax) of 0.1 cm ± SD 0.75 and were not classified as clinically significant. Thirty‐two tumors presented a GS (3 + 3), nine GS (3 + 4), and six GS (4 + 3). A total of 21 Index H (dmax = 1.37 cm SD ± 0.61) were identified. The S, Sp, NPV, and PPV for tumor detection with PET were 100%, 70%, 83%, 100%, and for MRI were 46%, 100%, 100%, 54%, respectively. Both Index PET and Index MRI were complementary and identified 95% of the Index H when quantitative criteria were used.CONCLUSIONIn spite of the fact that PET imaging has higher tumor sensitivity than MRI, 11C‐Choline PET and ADC maps have complementary roles in the evaluation of Index Lesion in PPC. Index PET and Index MRI could be complementary targets in the therapeutic planning of PPC. Prostate 76:3–12, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Paper No P01: Nonspecular Reflectors Using One‐Step Spray Coating for Brightness Enhancement in Reflective Displays
Authors: Pan Su , Kwok Hoi‐Sing 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe proposed a novel method to fabricate nonspecular reflectors by spray coating system, which are applied to enhance brightness near normal view direction when light is obliquely incident. Fabrication parameters are optimized, and a 70 mm × 70 mm prototype is exhibited.
Paper No P08: Study of the Bend Oriented Liquid Crystal Phase Grating
Authors: Shuyuan Zhang , Tao Yu , Jiahe Zhang , Bo Zhang , Jinggang Zhao , Lina Zhang 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA bend‐oriented liquid crystal phase grating was presented in this paper. The diffraction efficiency and the response time were studied and compared to the same parameters in parallel‐oriented liquid crystals phase grating. The result showed that the bend‐oriented liquid crystal phase grating behaves a higher diffraction efficiency than the comparative parallel‐oriented ones and 20 times shorter in response time.
Paper No P11: Nanoparticles‐ and Ionic Liquid‐Modified Liquid Crystal Systems for Spatial Light Modulators
Authors: Czajkowski M. , Cybinska J. , Klajn J. , Feder‐Kubis J. , Gordel M. , Komorowska K. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe present some approaches for modulation of light by hybrid liquid crystal materials. Mixtures of liquid crystals with chiral ionic liquids are used for modulating the incident light amplitude by alternative electric field. Hybrid cells of liquid crystals with inner surfaces, being modified by metallic and semiconductor nanoparticles, are used for phase or amplitude modulation of light. Those groups of the materials used for modification of liquid crystal cells are promising for construction of efficient light switches and modulators.
Paper No P06: Preserved Color Gamut and High Color Stability by Local Dimming for LC‐Panels
Authors: Schäfer Daniel , Xu Chihao 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe light leakage and the color shift of an liquid crystal display (LCD) and especially vertically aligned (VA) panel drastically increases with viewing angle. Particularly for dark images the color gamut gets poorer and the color remarkably shifts with change of viewing angle. In this article, we investigate the impact of local dimming in respect of color gamut and color shift. The results by applying the sorted sector covering (SSC) local dimming algorithm in respect of color gamut and color shift are impressive. Not only the static contrast, but also the color gamut and stability are significantly enhanced, so that the image displayed is much more vivid and colorful.
Paper No P14: Key Technology of 8G In‐Line Deposition System for OLED TV
Authors: Choi Myungwoon , Yu Kownkuk , Jeon Okchul , Lee Sangmin , Kim Sungmoon , Kim Hyungmin , Seo Jeongguk , Jeong Kwangho 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this report, the new production line for organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) display to overcome hurdles in OLED TV production is described. Instead of conventional cluster system, we adopted in‐line system with linear nozzle source (LNS), gluon chuck, and speed buffer (SB) system. The thickness uniformities of organic layers evaporated are well controlled within 3% over the area of 2200 × 2500 mm2. The glass was horizontally moved from chuck chamber to dechuck chamber by gluon chuck with glass sagging less than 3 mm. Using SB systems, the distance between masks can be controlled by 10 mm. The efficiency of the system is obtained about 60%. Most effective in‐line system is developed and applied to the mass production of OLED TV.
Paper No P15: Enhancement of Extraction Efficiency in OLED with Multi‐Cathode Structure Prepared on a Plastic Substrate
Authors: Mikami Akiyoshi , Doi Shuhei 
Published: September 2015

AbstractLight extraction of organic light‐emitting device has been successfully enhanced by preparing on a plastics substrate. We describe optical design method of mode conversion for reducing optical losses in waveguide and evanescent modes by introducing a new cathode and a plastic substrate. The phosphorescent green light emitting device exhibits higher light extraction by a factor of 2–3.
Paper No P21: Organic Thin‐Film Transistors Using V‐Shaped Organic Semiconductor With Various Interfacial Layers
Authors: Shaari Safizan Binti , Naka Shigeki , Okada Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2015

AbstractOrganic Thin‐Film Transistor (OTFTs) using V‐shaped organic semiconductor with various insulating interfacial layers (IILs) were investigated. The mobility and threshold voltage of OTFT without interfacial layer were 0.70 cm2/Vs and 1.2 V, respectively. However, by using various interfacial layers, OTFT with CT4112 exhibit high performance of mobility up to 1.2 cm2/Vs and low threshold voltage −4.3 V was obtained.
Paper No P25: The Nanocomposite on the Base of Liquid Crystal Material with Aluminum Nitride for Sulfur Dioxide Optical Sensor
Authors: Sushynskyi Orest , Prystay Taras , Mykytyuk Zinoviy 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we study the influence of sulfur dioxide (SO2) on spectral characteristics of the nanocomposite on the base of cholesteric liquid crystal with aluminum nitride (AlN). The changes in spectral characteristics as the result of the interaction of SO2 with AlN nanotubes was demonstrated. We propose to use this nanocomposite as the material of the primary transducer of SO2 optical sensor.
Paper No P30: Luminance Distribution Measurements in CAVE‐Type Virtual Reality Systems
Authors: Mazikowski Adam 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this article, the immerse 3D visualization lab just opened at the Gdańsk University of Technology is presented. The effect of user “immersion,” it such virtual reality systems, is largely dependent on the optical properties of projected images. Luminance distribution of screens was measured and the luminance uniformity was determined and discussed.
Paper No P31: Fast and Easy‐to‐Use Approach of BRDF Measurements by Use of Fixed Small Light Source and Luminance Imager
Authors: Marsal A. , Sycev A. , Blankenbach K. , Smirnov A. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMeasurements of reflection characteristic are usually done by BRDF. We evaluated successfully a method by using an imaging colorimeter and a small light source, both at fixed position.
Paper No P32: Impact of Halogen Ion Size of Chemical Agent System on Electrical and Optical Characteristics of rGO Layers
Authors: Eskandari V. , Fathollahi M. R. , Mohajerani E. , Fallahi A. , Tahani P. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn the current paper, we compare the effect of different hydrogen halide acid agent systems in chemical reduction of graphene oxide (GO) thin layers. We observe the large iodine ion can facilitate the reduction reaction in comparison with bromide and chloride counterpart ions. We show the sheet resistance of the graphene layer decreases by about six orders of magnitude due to efficient reduction of the graphene oxide.
Paper No S1.3: Lead Zirconate Titanate‐Based Transmissive Liquid Crystal Lens Approach
Authors: Willekens Oliver , George John , Neyts Kristiaan , Beeckman Jeroen 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe report the design and fabrication of an electrooptical, tunable, liquid crystal‐based lens and analysis of its performance. The lens obtains its gradient index (GRIN) profile from multielectrode addressing using a layer with high dielectric constant to extend and smoothen out the horizontal electric field between the large interelectrode distances.
Paper No S10.4: Transmission Electron Microscope Study of Symmetry‐related Transitions in Cubic Y2O3:Tb3+
Authors: den Engelsen Daniel , Fern George R. , Ireland Terry G. , Harris Paul G. , Silver Jack 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we describe measurements of the cathodoluminescence of nanosized cubic Y2O3:Tb3+ with a transmission electron microscope. From the CL‐spectra we determined the energy flow from excited Tb3+ in a S6 lattice site to Tb3+ in a C2 site.
Paper No S11.1: Display‐Metrology: A Historical Review (Invited Paper)
Authors: Becker Michael E. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis article sketches the winding path of the art of measurement of LC‐display contrast and other visual properties versus viewing direction from the beginnings of LCD‐manufacturing in the 1970s until today. It describes two methods of directional scanning: conoscopy—an optical approach without moving parts—and gonioscopy, the motorized scanning of the range of directions of interest, and introduces their features and limitations and a range of instrumental implementations.