bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defining Gestational Thyroid Dysfunction Through Modified Nonpregnancy Reference Intervals: An Individual Participant Meta-analysis
Authors: Osinga Joris A J , Nelson Scott M , Walsh John P , Ashoor Ghalia , Palomaki Glenn E , López-Bermejo Abel , Bassols Judit , Aminorroaya Ashraf , Broeren Maarten A C , Chen Liangmiao , Lu Xuemian , Brown Suzanne J , Veltri Flora , Huang Kun , Männistö Tuija , Vafeiadi Marina , Taylor Peter N , Tao Fang-Biao , Chatzi Lida , Kianpour Maryam , Suvanto Eila , Grineva Elena N , Nicolaides Kypros H , D'Alton Mary E , Poppe Kris G , Alexander Erik , Feldt-Rasmussen Ulla , Bliddal Sofie , Popova Polina V , Chaker Layal , Visser W Edward , Peeters Robin P , Derakhshan Arash , Vrijkotte Tanja G M , Pop Victor J M , Korevaar Tim I M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Establishing local trimester-specific reference intervals for gestational TSH and free T4 (FT4) is often not feasible, necessitating alternative strategies. We aimed to systematically quantify the diagnostic performance of standardized modifications of center-specific nonpregnancy reference intervals as compared to trimester-specific reference intervals.

Methods
We included prospective cohorts participating in the Consortium on Thyroid and Pregnancy. After relevant exclusions, reference intervals were calculated per cohort in thyroperoxidase antibody-negative women. Modifications to the nonpregnancy reference intervals included an absolute modification (per .1 mU/L TSH or 1 pmol/L free T4), relative modification (in steps of 5%) and fixed limits (upper TSH limit between 3.0 and 4.5 mU/L and lower FT4 limit 5-15 pmol/L). We compared (sub)clinical hypothyroidism prevalence, sensitivity, and positive predictive value (PPV) of these methodologies with population-based trimester-specific reference intervals.

Results
The final study population comprised 52 496 participants in 18 cohorts. Optimal modifications of standard reference intervals to diagnose gestational overt hypothyroidism were −5% for the upper limit of TSH and +5% for the lower limit of FT4 (sensitivity, .70, CI, 0.47-0.86; PPV, 0.64, CI, 0.54-0.74). For subclinical hypothyroidism, these were −20% for the upper limit of TSH and −15% for the lower limit of FT4 (sensitivity, 0.91; CI, 0.67-0.98; PPV, 0.71, CI, 0.58-0.80). Absolute and fixed modifications yielded similar results. CIs were wide, limiting generalizability.

Conclusion
We could not identify modifications of nonpregnancy TSH and FT4 reference intervals that would enable centers to adequately approximate trimester-specific reference intervals. Future efforts should be turned toward studying the meaningfulness of trimester-specific reference intervals and risk-based decision limits.
Second-harmonic generation of 2D materials excited by the Laguerre–Gaussian beam
Authors: Shan Yuwei , Sun Dong , Luo Cheng Jin 
Published: July 2024

We theoretically study the second-harmonic generation (SHG) of two-dimensional (2D) materials excited by a Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) beam at normal incidence and provide a method to distinguish SHG induced by the electric dipole (ED) interaction and SHG induced by the electric quadrupole and magnetic dipole (EQ–MD) interaction by their different dependence on the LG beam parameters, including the effective spot area v02 and the order of orbital angular momentum (OAM) m. In an approximation of neglecting reflection and taking a beam radius to infinity, the intensity of the ED induced SHG is proportional to F
m
/v02 with F
m
= 2−2|m|(2|m|)!/(π(|m|!)2), while the EQ–MD induced one is proportional to (4|m|+2)F
m
/v04. An in-plane isotropic substrate can strongly affect the signal amplitude but slightly change the v0 and m dependence. Our results provide an all-optical way to detect the OAM by SHG, as well as a theoretical basis for studying the EQ–MD induced SHG by the LG beams.
Super-resolution of ultrafast pulses via spectral inversion
Authors: Lipka Michał , Parniak Michał 
Published: July 2024

The resolution limits of classical spectroscopy can be surpassed by
quantum-inspired methods leveraging the information contained in the
phase of the complex electromagnetic field. Their counterpart in
spatial imaging has been widely discussed and demonstrated; however,
the spectral-domain implementations are few and scarce. We
experimentally demonstrate a spectroscopic super-resolution method
aimed at broadband light (tens to hundreds of GHz), and based on the
spectral-domain analog of image inversion interferometry. In a
proof-of-principle experiment, we study the paradigmatic problem of
estimating a small separation between two incoherent spectral features
of equal brightness, with a small number of photons per coherence
time. On the grounds of asymptotic estimation theory, more than a
two-fold improvement over the spectral direct imaging is demonstrated
in terms of required resources (photons) for a given estimator
variance. The setup is based on an actively stabilized
Mach–Zehnder-type interferometer with electro-optic time lenses and
passive spectral dispersers implementing the inversion. As such, the
method promises on-chip integration, good scalability, and further
applications, e.g., for mode sorting.
Using contact network dynamics to implement efficient interventions against pathogen spread in hospital settings: A modelling study
Authors: Leclerc Quentin J. , Duval Audrey , Guillemot Didier , Opatowski Lulla , Temime Laura 
Published: July 2024

Background
Long-term care facilities (LTCFs) are hotspots for pathogen transmission. Infection control interventions are essential, but the high density and heterogeneity of interindividual contacts within LTCF may hinder their efficacy. Here, we explore how the patient–staff contact structure may inform effective intervention implementation.

Methods and findings
Using an individual-based model (IBM), we reproduced methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonisation transmission dynamics over a detailed contact network recorded within a French LTCF of 327 patients and 263 staff over 3 months. Simulated baseline cumulative colonisation incidence was 21 patients (prediction interval: 11, 31) and 35 staff (prediction interval: 19, 54). We examined the potential impact of 3 types of interventions against transmission (reallocation reducing the number of unique contacts per staff, reinforced contact precautions, and hypothetical vaccination protecting against acquisition), targeted towards specific populations. All 3 interventions were effective when applied to all nurses or healthcare assistants (median reduction in MRSA colonisation incidence up to 35%), but the benefit did not exceed 8% when targeting any other single staff category.
We identified “supercontactor” individuals with most contacts (“frequency-based,” overrepresented among nurses, porters, and rehabilitation staff) or with the longest cumulative time spent in contact (“duration-based,” overrepresented among healthcare assistants and patients in elderly care or persistent vegetative state (PVS)). Targeting supercontactors enhanced interventions against pathogen spread in the LTCF. With contact precautions, targeting frequency-based staff supercontactors led to the highest incidence reduction (20%, 95% CI: 19, 21). Vaccinating a mix of frequency- and duration-based staff supercontactors led to a higher reduction (23%, 95% CI: 22, 24) than all other approaches. Although based on data from a single LTCF, when varying epidemiological parameters to extend to other pathogens, our results suggest that targeting supercontactors is always the most effective strategy, indicating this approach could be applied to prevent transmission of other nosocomial pathogens.

Conclusions
By characterising the contact structure in hospital settings and identifying the categories of staff and patients more likely to be supercontactors, with either more or longer contacts than others, interventions against nosocomial spread could be more effective. We find that the most efficient implementation strategy depends on the intervention (reallocation, contact precautions, vaccination) and target population (staff, patients, supercontactors). Importantly, both staff and patients may be supercontactors, highlighting the importance of including patients in measures to prevent pathogen transmission in LTCF.
Woke Sausages at the Cracker Barrel: Gastronativism and the Synecdochic Politics of Plant-Based Meat
Authors: Rooney David , Muller S. Marek 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In August 2022, the U.S. restaurant chain Cracker Barrel introduced a meatless sausage patty—the “Impossible Sausage”—to its breakfast menu. A viral social media backlash against the restaurant ensued. Using Fabio Parasecoli's theory of gastronativism as a theoretical lens, we perform a critical rhetorical analysis of online commentaries regarding Cracker Barrel's Impossible Sausage with an eye toward synecdochic representation. We contend that the online “culture war” that ensued within and beyond Cracker Barrel's social media pages is representative of plant-based meat alternatives’ gastropolitical resonance in U.S. American identity construction. Two synecdoches emerge through our analysis, the Cracker Barrel restaurant as right-wing sacred space embedded in “tradition” and the Impossible Sausage as a leftist, progressive, contagious intrusion into this space. Discourses of faux-Southern identity, right-wing appeals to traditional ways of life, and white masculine victimhood are entrenched in these synecdochic tropes. Understanding the Cracker Barrel's meatless menu debacle as a manifestation of gastronativist synecdoche demonstrates the ideological significance of meat and plant-based meat in contemporary U.S. political imaginaries. Given plant-based foods’ increasing popularity among health- and environmentally conscious consumers, rhetoricians concerned with the intersections of food, power, and identity should take note of how flesh (non)consumption symbolically (re)constructs U.S. American gastropolitical identities.
What is the Effect of Digital Platform Capabilities on the Opportunity Set? The Moderating Role of Governance Mechanisms
Authors: Ao Jiayue , Yang Yaqian , Zhao Bingqi , Cai Li 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In the digital age, certain digital platforms, such as Google Android and Tencent, have experienced remarkable growth. Nevertheless, other digital platforms encounter severe challenges that contribute to their downfall. The development disparities among digital platforms are primarily attributed to the opportunity set, an aspect still underexplored in the existing research. Based on the Chinese context, this study adopts the dynamic capabilities view to investigate how digital platform capabilities, specifically platform integration and reconfiguration capabilities, influence the opportunity set from the perspective of complementors. Additionally, we examine the moderating impact of governance mechanisms, encompassing formal contracts and relational mechanisms, challenging the prevailing notion that formal contracts always benefit platforms. Drawing insights from survey data including 476 complementors across 48 Chinese digital platforms, our findings reveal that the positive relationship between platform integration capability and the opportunity set is strengthened when formal contracts are employed. However, the positive relationship between platform reconfiguration capability and the opportunity set weakens with formal contracts but strengthens with relational mechanisms. Our study enriches the opportunity set research by empirically revealing the formation mechanism of the opportunity set in digital platforms from the dynamic capabilities view. Furthermore, it extends the application of platform governance literature by introducing nuanced perspectives on the boundary conditions of governance mechanisms in the Chinese context. Ultimately, this paper offers valuable practical insights for platform owners in China, guiding them in enhancing their capabilities and crafting effective governance mechanisms. Simultaneously, it provides direction for Chinese complementors to leverage both formal and informal relationships with platform owners, effectively transforming digital platform capabilities into the opportunity set.
Compact circular Wilkinson power divider for wireless applications
Authors: Sultana Sharmeen , Chattoraj Neela 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This manuscript introduces an innovative 1-to-4 modified Wilkinson power divider designed to operate at a frequency of 3.5 GHz. The configuration of the proposed divider is fabricated on Rogers RT/Duroid 5,880, featuring a relative permittivity of 2.2 and a thickness of 0.565 mm, respectively. The circular shape employed in the design minimises size and enhances power handling capability. To achieve a 4-way power division with equal power distribution at each output port, a 1:2 power divider at 3.5 GHz is cascaded. Furthermore, we present and analyse a 1:4 WPD implemented on a microstrip line utilised as a power supply for measuring a four-port MIMO antenna. This divider exhibits excellent impedance matching at all ports and consistent phase and amplitude characteristics between the output ports. The performance metrics of the presented divider, as detailed in both experimental and simulated results, include a return loss of 27.92 dB (1:2) and 29 dB (1:4), isolation of 33.046 dB (1:2) and 35.56 dB (1:4) and insertion loss of 3.17 dB (1:2) and 6.6 dB (1:4) respectively. These proposed power dividers hold potential applications in microwave and communication systems, mainly where power division is imperative with minimal signal loss and robust impedance matching.
Relative intensity noise management and thermal/shot noise control for high speed ultra high bandwidth fiber reach transmission performance
Authors: Prabu Ramachandran Thandaiah , Shibu Soman , Thillaigovindan Annalakshmi , Charulatha Gopinathan , Divya Nune , Vijayakumar Sundararaju , Emam Hazem Hazem Ali 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This work has clarified the relative intensity noise management and thermal/shot noise control for high speed ultra high bandwidth fiber reach transmission performance. Total link losses variations are clarified against ambient temperature and relative refractive index difference variations at 1,550 nm wavelength, 20 km fiber link length, and 45 % fluoride dopant ratio inside the fiber material cable. Besides the total link losses variations are demonstrated versus fiber link length and relative refractive index difference variations at 1,550 nm wavelength, room temperature, and 45 % fluoride dopant ratio inside the fiber material cable. Required optical signal per noise ratio (OSNR), electronic signal to noise ratio (SNR), and optimum gain variations are measured and analyzed versus the fiber link length and relative refractive index difference variations at 1,550 nm wavelength, room temperature, and 45 % fluoride dopant ratio inside the fiber material cable.
Crystal structure of 1,5-bis[(E)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]thiocarbonohydrazide dimethyl sulfoxide monosolvate, C17H18N4O2S·C2H6OS
Authors: Bigović Miljan , Kaludjerović Marija , Shova Sergiu , Tomić Zoran D. , Jaćimović Željko K. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
C17H18N4O2S·C2H6OS, orthorhombic, Pbcn (no. 60), a = 15.7298(17) Å, b = 16.0633(13) Å, c = 8.3988(11) Å, V = 2,122.1(4) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0706, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1885, T = 293(2) K.
Subjectivity and the Politics of Self-Cultivation: A Comparative Study of Fichte and Nietzsche
Authors: Pearson James S. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
At first glance, Fichte and Nietzsche might strike us as intellectual contraries. This impression is reinforced by Nietzsche’s disparaging remarks about Fichte. The dearth of critical literature comparing the two thinkers also could easily lead us to believe that they are, for all intents and purposes, irrelevant to one another. In this paper, however, I argue that their theories of subjectivity are in many respects remarkably similar and worthy of comparison. But I further explain how, despite this convergence, their normative philosophies end up so conspicuously at odds with one another. After examining the resemblance between their denials of the substantial self, I respectively analyse Fichte’s and Nietzsche’s positive accounts of subjectivity, self-cultivation, and the political preconditions of self-cultivation. I locate the conceptual juncture at which their practical outlooks begin to part ways in their divergent drive psychologies and in their distinct conceptions of conscience. These apparently minor theoretical differences generate a large-scale disagreement regarding the political systems they believe best enable self-cultivation, with Fichte favouring a democratic regime, while Nietzsche opts for a markedly more aristocratic one. I close by sketching a possible way out of this dilemma.
Postcolonial city walks in Germany at the nexus of activism, education, and tourism
Authors: Voshage Ina , Gamerith Werner 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In various ways, postcolonial initiatives in Germany contribute to the formation of ‘national cultures of remembrance’ and to the debate about Europe’s responsibility for the negative effects of colonial expansion that can still be felt today. One approach, which the activist groups use in their educational and activist work, is that of the guided walking tour – a method that allows them to sensitize an interested audience to colonially contoured spaces in German cities. Interestingly, the postcolonial initiatives do not see themselves as providers of tourist services, even though they use the rather fundamental touristic form of the ‘city walk’. As this discrepancy in perception allows discussions about tourism in a more general, conceptual sense, this paper examines the tours at the nexus of activism, education, and tourism. Thereby, it asks what constitutes the walks and discusses their relation to urban tourism. To do so, the article first explains relevant concepts of tourism geographies and postcolonial studies and then connects them to insights gained from the qualitative and quantitative analysis of empirical data collected in a field phase in Germany in 2022.
Towards a comprehensive agency-based resilience approach: Myopia and hypermetropia in the Turkish wine industry
Authors: Evren Yiğit , Akdoğan-Odabaş Ezgi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The Turkish wine industry presents an interesting case to explore firm behaviour, institutions and regional economic resilience. With political Islam gaining popularity over the past two decades, the local industry has faced many challenges at the policy level. These include an enormous tax burden, bans on alcohol advertising, promotion and sponsorship, and the prohibition on online sales of alcoholic products. Under these conditions, many producers do not have the necessary skills to manoeuvre institutional challenges therefore economic survival mainly depends on local agents’ own capabilities. Understanding the resilience of an industry as such calls for an institutionally nuanced and agent-centric micro-level focus. In this context, the paper seeks to establish a theoretical framework that facilitates an explanation of how agents’ inherent systematic anomalies, biases and spatio-temporal cognitive limitations restrict their resilience and the twin notions of myopia and hypermetropia serve as the basis for our argument. The producer firms of the Thrace wine-making cluster in the northwest corner of Türkiye constitute our empirical focus. Our findings illustrate that the impact of adverse sectoral policies on local firms are heterogeneous and that there exists at least three types of winemaking firms in Türkiye depending on their agendas and cognitive (dis)abilities.
Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass in Older Adults Can Be Estimated With a Simple Equation Using a Few Zero-Cost Variables
Authors: Buccheri Enrico , Dell’Aquila Daniele , Russo Marco , Chiaramonte Rita , Vecchio Michele 
Published: July 2024

Background and Purpose:
Assessing appendicular skeletal muscle (ASM) mass is crucial for the diagnosis of numerous pathologies related to the decline of muscle mass in old age, such as sarcopenia, malnutrition, or cachexia. The dual-energy X-ray absorptiometer (DEXA) radiological technique, which is the gold standard for its assessment, is particularly costly and not routinely used in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to derive computationally simple equations capable of estimating the DEXA-measured ASM at zero cost in older adult populations.

Methods:
We used the cross-sectional data collected by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) over 7 years (1999-2006). The study sample included 16,477 individuals aged 18 years and over, of which 4401 were over 60 years old. We considered 38 nonlaboratory variables. For the derivation of the equations, we employed the Brain Project, an innovative artificial intelligence tool that combines genetic programming and neural networks. The approach searches simultaneously for the mathematical expression and the variables to use in the equation. The derived equations are useful to estimate the DEXA-measured ASM.

Results and Discussion:
A simple equation that includes the body weight of the patient as the sole variable can estimate the outcome of DEXA with an accuracy equivalent to previously published equations. When used to identify individuals over 60 years old with muscle mass loss, it achieved an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.85 for both males and females. The inclusion of sex and anthropometric data (thigh and arm circumference) improved the accuracy for male individuals (AUC 0.89). The model is also suitable to be applied to the general adult population of 18 years of age or older. Using more than 3 variables does not lead to better accuracy.

Conclusions:
The newly proposed equations have better diagnostic accuracy than previous equations for the estimation of DEXA-measured ASM. They are readily applicable in clinical practice for the screening of muscle mass loss in the over 60-year-old population with nearly zero-cost variables. The most complex model proposed in this study requires only the inspection of a simple diagnostic chart to estimate the status of muscle mass loss.
Applications of the 3-Min All-Out Exercise Test for Prescribing High-Intensity Interval Training: A Narrative Review on a Decade of Research Progress
Authors: Pettitt Robert W. , Dicks Nathan D. , Kramer Mark 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
The 3-minute all-out exercise test (3MT) was developed over a decade ago and enables the estimation of time for onset of momentary fatigue for a given speed or power output exceeding critical speed (CS) or critical power (CP), respectively. The 3MT has been validated for conducting high-intensity interval training, used with load carriage prediction and prescription, and validated for shuttle running. These prescriptions are novel because they allow for standardizing exercise intensities relative to metabolic parameters as opposed to a percentage of a given maximum or reserve. Research was identified using leading search engines (e.g., PubMed, Google Scholar, and Research Gate) and citations to similar articles. The objective of this review article was to summarize research that emerged on the CS/CP concept with emphasis on applications since the advent of the 3MT. The review concludes with application of the CS/CP concept to the frequency, intensity, time, and type of exercise for exercise prescription.