bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between transitions in metabolic health and colorectal cancer across categories of body size phenotype: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Liu Qian , Si Fei , Wu Yuntao , Yu Jing 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the associations of changes in metabolic health across categories of body size phenotype with the risk of colorectal cancer in a community‐based prospective cohort.MethodsIn the current study, a total of 70,987 participants were included. Changes in metabolic health across categories of body size phenotype were assessed between the health examination for the first time in the years 2006 through 2009 and a 2010/2011 health examination. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the associations of changes in metabolic health across body size phenotype categories with risk of colorectal cancer.ResultsDuring the median follow‐up time of 11.04 years, 428 (0.60%) participants developed colorectal cancer. Compared with metabolically healthy normal‐weight (MHNW) participants who remained MH, the risk of colorectal cancer was increased by 144% (95% CI: 1.21–4.95) for participants with metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) who converted to a metabolically unhealthy (MU) phenotype. Participants who were MU at baseline were still at increased risk of colorectal cancer, regardless of obesity status.ConclusionsThe MHO phenotype was a dynamic status over time, and converting to MU during follow‐up and being initially MU were associated with having an increased risk of colorectal cancer, regardless of degree of obesity and body size phenotype.
GLP‐1 therapy increases visceral adipose tissue metabolic activity: lessons from a randomized controlled trial in obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: O'Donnell Cliona , Ryan Odhrán , Hogan Andrew E. , Killick Desmond , Crilly Shane , Dodd Jonathan D. , Murphy David J. , Ryan Silke , O'Shea Donal 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveGlucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) analogues are currently the most widely used pharmacotherapies for weight loss. Their primary mechanism of action is attributed to reduction in energy intake. Data from murine studies also support an additional impact of those agents on energy homeostasis through upregulation of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) metabolic activity, but this remains uncertain in humans.MethodsHere, we present data from a proof‐of‐concept study on 30 individuals with obstructive sleep apnea and obesity who were randomized to a GLP‐1 therapy‐based weight loss regimen, continuous positive airway pressure, or a combination of both for 24 weeks. At baseline and study completion, 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (18F‐FDG) positron emission tomography‐computed tomography (PET‐CT) was performed to evaluate VAT metabolic activity, expressed as VAT target to background ratio.ResultsTreatment with GLP‐1, but not with continuous positive airway pressure, was associated with a significant increase in VAT target to background ratio. There was a strong correlation between the increase in VAT metabolic activity and the degree of weight loss.ConclusionsThese data support the hypothesis that upregulation of VAT metabolic activity by GLP‐1 contributes to its weight loss action in humans, and this subject warrants further detailed investigation.
Dyadic coping experiences of parents of children with vascular anomalies
Authors: Kerr Anna M. , Wehrli Jacqueline , Contente Clarice , D. Prathana , Sisk Bryan A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundVascular anomalies (VAs) are a spectrum of rare pediatric disorders that require coordinated care from multiple subspecialists. Parents often struggle to coordinate care for their child's complex rare disorder. Even when they do access expert care, parents of children with VAs report high levels of stress and uncertainty. While previous research has explored parents’ experiences navigating care for VAs, we know very little about how parents cope with stress together. Given the effect that dyadic coping can have on individual, couple, family, and child outcomes, we aimed to gain a better understanding of dyadic coping in the context of VAs.ProceduresWe collected data using semi‐structured interviews with 27 parents (13 dyads and one individual parent). Data were analyzed using dyadic thematic analysis.ResultsParents experienced stress related to medical, personal, logistical, and financial aspects of their child's healthcare. They relied on eight coping strategies: active coping, seeking emotional support, seeking informational support, cognitive avoidance, distraction, cognitive reframing, acceptance, and internalization. When analyzed together, we found evidence of five dyadic coping dynamics: collaborative, supportive, delegated, separate, and negative.ConclusionDyadic coping is complex and multilayered for parents of children with VAs. While the child's diagnosis is considered a shared stressor, both parents may not share preferred coping strategies. Parents of the same child may also be coping with different medical, relational/social, personal, or logistical stressors altogether. Psychosocial interventions designed to facilitate parental coping should address these complex coping dynamics.
Enhancement of joint flanker effect in intergroup competition
Authors: Zhao Yang , Hu Xucong , Zhou Jifan , Shen Mowei , Xu Haokui 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRepresenting the mental state of the partner lays the foundation for successful social interaction. While the representation of group members has been extensively studied, it is unclear how intergroup interactions affect it. In three experiments utilizing the joint flanker task, we found that competition between groups brought about a greater joint flanker effect (Experiment 1). Such phenomenon was not due to competition per se, as competition that occurred between individuals from different groups did not enhance the joint flanker effect (Experiment 2). Using the minimal grouping method to directly manipulate group entitativity, we found that the joint flanker effect was larger when participants perceived the group as being more closely connected; conversely, when they perceived the group as less close, the joint flanker effect was attenuated (Experiment 3). These results suggested that beliefs about the group may be key to how group competition enhanced the joint flanker effect. The potential cognitive mechanisms producing this phenomenon are fully discussed. Overall, our study is the first to explore the impact of intergroup interactions on the joint flanker effect and provides a new perspective on understanding the relationship between within‐group representations and intergroup interactions.
Effectiveness of spawning substrate enhancement for adfluvial fish in a regulated sub‐Arctic river
Authors: Miller M. , Stevens C. , Poesch M. S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractInitial observations of egg mortality downstream of a hydroelectric facility on the Yellowknife River in the Northwest Territories prompted the investigation of habitat use by adfluvial lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis), and cisco (Coregonus artedi). It was conducted to meet regulatory requirements under the Fisheries Act (1985) for the facility and was focused on results from annual snorkel surveys completed from 2016 to 2019. The design principles of the installed habitat were based on habitat rehabilitation projects for anadromous salmonids in rivers, artificial spawning reefs constructed in lakes for lacustrine populations of lake trout, and lake whitefish and the 2016 study results. The evaluation of the installed habitat was based on results from snorkel surveys that collected data on egg density and survival using 1 m2 plots on both natural and artificially enhanced substrates. Three years of postenhancement monitoring indicated higher egg densities and a greater proportion of live eggs in the artificially enhanced habitat compared to the natural habitat, with more pronounced trends observed for coregonids (lake whitefish and cisco) compared to lake trout. These findings suggest that habitat enhancement has the potential to enhance juvenile recruitment for adfluvial fish. A critical factor in the design was ensuring the substrate composition provided adequate interstitial spaces for egg development and protection. This study represents the first documented attempt at habitat improvement in a regulated sub‐Arctic river in Canada. The results and design principles for the installed habitat offer a valuable framework for new or existing development projects in Northern Canada that require conservation actions to maintain fisheries productivity.
Highly Sensitive, Degradable, and Rapid Self‐Healing Hydrogel Sensor with Semi‐Interpenetrating Network for Recognition of Micro‐Expressions
Authors: Di Xiang , Li Liqi , Jin Qi , Yang Ran , Li Yuan , Wang Xiaoliang , Wu Guolin , Yuan Chungang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFlexible conductive hydrogels have revolutionized the lives and are widely applied in health monitoring and wearable electronics as a new generation of sensing materials. However, the inherent low mechanical strength, sensitivity, and lack of rapid self‐healing capacity results in their short life, poor detection accuracy, and environmental pollution. Inspired by the molecular structure of bone and its chemical characteristics, a novel fully physically cross‐linked conductive hydrogel is fabricated by the introduction of nanohydroxyapatite (HAp) as the dynamic junction points. In detail, the dynamically cross‐linked network, including multiple physical interactions, provides it with rapid self‐healing ability and excellent mechanical properties (elongation at break (>1200%), tensile strength (174kPa), and resilience (92.61%)). Besides, the ions (Cl−, Li+, Ca2+) that move freely within the system impart outstanding electrical conductivity (2.46 ± 0.15 S m−1), high sensitivity (gauge factor, GF>8), good antifreeze (−40.2 °C), and humidity properties. The assembled sensor can be employed to sensitively detect various large human motions and subtle changes in behavior (facial expressions, speech recognition). Meanwhile, the hydrogel sensor can also degrade in phosphate‐buffered saline solution without causing any environmental pollution. Therefore, the designed hydrogels may become a promising candidate material in the future potential applications for smart wearable sensors and electronic skin.
From Natural Fibers to High‐Performance Anodes: Sisal Hemp Derived Hard Carbon for Na‐/K‐Ion Batteries and Mechanism Exploration
Authors: Ou Huihuang , Pei Bingying , Zhou Yifan , Yang Mei , Pan Junan , Liang Shuquan , Cao Xinxin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHard carbon (HC) is a promising anode material in alkali metal ion batteries owing to its cost‐effectiveness, abundant sources, and low working voltage. However, challenges persist in achiving prolonged cycling stability and consistent capacity, and the sodium storage mechanism in HC is still debated. Herein, an unreported biomass precursor, “sisal,” for deriving hard carbon is developed. A series of sisal hemp‐derived hard carbon with natural 3D porous channels are prepared. Through phase characterization and electrochemical testing, the relationship between microstructure and sodium storage capacity is elucidated, further confirming the suitability of the “adsorption‐insertion‐filling” mechanism for sodium storage properties in hard carbon materials. Without the need for any additional modification strategies, this biomass‐derived hard carbon demonstrates excellent electrochemical performance in both sodium‐ion and potassium‐ion batteries (SIBs and PIBs). The as‐prepared HC‐1300 demonstrates excellent ion storage capability, delivering a high reversible capacity of 345.2 mAh g−1 in SIBs and 310 mAh g−1 in PIBs at 0.1 C. Moreover, it maintains a specific capacity of 237.3 mAh g−1 over 1200 cycles at 1 C when used in SIBs. The excellent cycling stability and superior rate performance are also presented in full cells, highlighting its potential for practical applications.
Milton Friedman and nominal income targeting
Authors: Horan Patrick 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFor much of his career, Milton Friedman advocated a constant monetary growth rule to limit central bank discretion and to achieve long‐term price stability. By contrast, Friedman wrote little on nominal income stabilization as an alternative goal for monetary policy. Nevertheless, a careful examination of Friedman's work shows that in his view the desirability of a constant monetary growth rule depended on its ability to stabilize nominal income. Friedman's preference for simple rules, requiring minimal knowledge on the part of central banks, would have given him strong reason to support nominal income targeting over central banks' standard practice of inflation targeting. Several strategies for achieving a nominal income target are considered, including a modified Taylor rule and several monetary base rules.
Exceptionally preserved radiodont arthropods from the lower Cambrian (Stage 3) Qingjiang Lagerstätte of Hubei, South China and the biogeographic and diversification patterns of radiodonts
Authors: Wu Yu , Pates Stephen , Zhang Mingjing , Lin Weiliang , Ma Jiaxin , Liu Cong , Wu Yuheng , Zhang Xingliang , Fu Dongjing 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe Cambrian (Series 2, Stage 3) Qingjiang Lagerstätte of South China is one of the most diverse Burgess Shale‐type deposits around the world, yielding abundant non‐biomineralized fossils. Radiodonta, a taxonomically and ecologically diverse stem‐euarthropod group, has been generally thought to represent the largest consumers in early Palaeozoic marine ecosystems. Here we describe several new radiodont specimens from the Qingjiang Lagerstätte assigned to various groups, including Stanleycaris qingjiangensis sp. nov., a new type of hurdiid head carapace, one possible Hurdia carapace, and two partial appendages with uncertain affinities. These specimens not only extend the geographic and stratigraphic range of these taxa, they also illuminate the diversity of radiodonts (in particular hurdiids) in their early evolutionary history. Radiodont palaeobiogeographic patterns are visualized using network analysis. Laurentia and South China share many members at the genus level, Anomalocaris is the most cosmopolitan taxon, but most genera are endemic. Radiodonts show a high initial diversity that declines through the early Palaeozoic, enabling three diversification phases of radiodonts to be recognized: the thriving phase (Cambrian Series 2), declining phase (Cambrian Miaolingian) and terminal phase (Cambrian Furongian to Ordovician Floian).
Applications and challenge of digital twin in life cycle of municipal pipe networks
Authors: An Yingjian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDigital twin is the key technology to promote the life cycle digitalization and intelligent management of municipal pipe networks. To achieve intelligent closed‐loop management for the life cycle of municipal pipe networks, this paper first analyzed the meanings of “process‐oriented” and “object‐oriented” of digital twin and gave the connotation for the life cycle management of the digital‐twin‐driven municipal pipe networks. Second, on the basis of the application paradigms in typical scenarios of design, construction, operation, and maintenance of the life cycle management of the municipal pipe networks, this paper proposed the technical framework of digital twin‐driven municipal pipe networks. Finally, the existing challenges were discussed for the digital twin in the life cycle management of municipal pipe networks. The research shows that digital twin is the technical guarantee for the life cycle management of municipal pipe networks, and high‐fidelity digital “twinning” is an important prerequisite for realizing the function of digital twin.
Survey of the husbandry and biosecurity practices of backyard chicken keepers in the UK
Authors: Baldrey Vicki , Ragoonanan Keiran , Bacon Heather 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis survey investigated the housing, feeding, health and welfare of backyard chickens kept in the UK.MethodsInformation was collected via an online questionnaire active from May to July 2021. The survey asked about flock demographics, housing, diet, enrichment provision, if the flock was registered with the Animal Plant and Health Agency (APHA) and the reason, preventative health care and biosecurity, and the incidence and methods of euthanasia.ResultsThe majority of flocks (48.8%) consisted of one to five birds, were located in rural areas (58%) and were kept as pets (77%) and/or for eggs (71.6%). Enrichment was provided by 78.4% of keepers. Most respondents (69%) were aware of the Animal Plant and Health Agency poultry registration scheme, with 32.8% being registered with the scheme. Kitchen scraps were fed by 29% of keepers. Veterinary services were used by 63.6% of keepers, although 4% said they struggled to find a veterinarian willing to treat backyard poultry. New additions to the flock were isolated by 70.2% of keepers.LimitationsThe survey was distributed through poultry‐specific Facebook groups and via chicken rescue centres, so it is not a truly random sample of backyard chicken keepers. All survey‐based studies have an inherent element of subjectivity.ConclusionsThe survey identified biosecurity, humane euthanasia training, veterinary training in backyard poultry medicine, and enrichment provision as areas where improvements can be made to improve poultry health and welfare and reduce the risks of infectious disease transmission.
Use of modifiers ZSM‐5 and bentonite enhancing the hydrolytic and thermal stability of urea‐formaldehyde composites
Authors: Ristić Mirjana , Samaržija‐Jovanović Suzana , Krstić Marija , Jovanović Tijana , Jovanović Vojislav , Marković Gordana , Marinović‐Cincović Milena 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis research introduces a new approach using zeolite ZSM‐5 (Z) as formaldehyde (FA) scavenger in urea‐formaldehyde (UF) resins, while simultaneously investigating and comparing the structural influence of Z and bentonite (B) on different properties of UF composite. ZSM‐5 and bentonite were used to modify the in situ synthesized UF resin with a low formaldehyde/urea (FA/U) molar ratio (0.8), to reduce the free FA content in the UF resin. The fillers and modified UF composites were characterized using XRD, FTIR, TGA, DTG, and DTA. The surface of fillers and modified UF resins was observed using SEM. The content of free FA, determined by the sulfite method, for the sample UF/Z composite, was 0.06%, while for the sample UF/B composite was 0.18%. After acid hydrolysis, the content of released FA was similar for both modified resins (4.08% for UF/Z and 4.80% for UF/B). This slight difference indicates a better hydrolytic stability of UF/Z. Analysis of thermal stability showed that UF/Z starts to degrade at a higher temperature, which, together with the values of released FA, indicates that UF resin modified with ZSM‐5 is thermally and hydrolytically more stable compared to the UF/B composite. The obtained results suggest that ZSM‐5 with its microporous structure contributes better to improving the properties of UF resins than bentonite with its layered structure.Highlights
Synthesis of UF resins modified with ZSM‐5 and bentonite.
New approach using ZSM‐5 as a formaldehyde scavenger.
Comprehensive characterization of the fillers and modified UF resins.
UF/Z resin has superior hydrolytic and thermal stability over UF/B resin.
The microporous structure of ZSM‐5 enhances the properties of UF.
The Fight Against Hailstorms in Italy, 1950–70: A Long History of Confirmation Bias
Authors: Eccel Emanuele , Scolozzi Rocco , Zardi Dino , Beltrano Maria Carmen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis article analyzes the experiments for hail suppression by means of exploding rockets in Italy, where a remarkable national program of active defense was undertaken in the period 1950–70. The history of the trials of this technique is reconstructed in view of highlighting the methodological flaws of the entire experimental approach. A supplementary source of information is offered by about 1,600 “storm postcards”: reports sent back by farmers after single weather events. An archive of these postcards, recently collected, digitized, and analyzed for the Trentino region (northern Italy), offers an interesting glimpse into the scientific and pseudoscientific approaches to a difficult to predict and volatile phenomenon, both for farmers and for appointed experts.
Cleansing efficacy of the electric toothbrush Oral-B® iO™ compared to conventional oscillating-rotating technology: a randomized-controlled study
Authors: Polak Anna-Lena , Wiesmüller Vera , Sigwart Lukas , Nemec Nina , Niederegger Lisa , Kapferer-Seebacher Ines 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Objectives
This study aimed to compare the cleansing efficacy of the Oral-B® iO™ electric toothbrush incorporating oscillating-rotating technology with microvibrations - with a traditional oscillating-rotating toothbrush.

Materials and methods
Thirty adult participants were randomly assigned to use the iO™ electric toothbrush with the brush head iO™ Ultimate Clean or the traditional oscillating-rotating toothbrush Oral-B® Genius® with the Cross-Action brush head. Oral hygiene indices (Rustogi Modified Navy Plaque Index and Gingival Bleeding Index) were assessed before and after 28 days of home use of the assigned product. Participants were instructed to refrain from interdental hygiene during the study period. After a 2-week washout period, the clinical investigation was repeated in a crossover design.

Results
All 30 participants completed the study with no dropouts. After 28 days of use, the iO™ showed statistically significantly lower plaque levels than the conventional oscillating-rotating toothbrush (25.09% vs. 30.60%, p = 0.029). This difference was particularly noticeable in marginal and approximal areas. There were no significant distinctions in gingival bleeding indices.

Conclusions
The Oral-B® iO™ electric toothbrush displayed enhanced plaque removal efficiency compared to a conventional oscillating-rotating technology.

Clinical relevance
This study highlights the potential benefits of advanced toothbrush technologies for plaque reduction and encourages further research.
Stabilization of river dredged sediments by means of alkali activation technology
Authors: Bizjak Karmen Fifer , Žibret Lea , Božič Mojca , Gregorc Boštjan , Ducman Vilma 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Alkali activation process has been applied to fresh river clay-rich sediments in order to increase their mechanical properties and make them suitable for soil stabilization.

Materials and methods
Dredged sediments were mixed with up to 30 mass percent (ma%) of fly ash (FA) or ladle slag (LS) and after curing for 3 days at 60 °C, the bending and compressive strength have been determined. The mixtures which exhibited the highest strengths were further optimized for being used in soil stabilization. For this purpose, the sediment was stabilized with 4 ma% of quicklime (QL) and after 1 h 30 ma% of FA with alkali activator was added and cured for 1, 7 and 28 days.

Results
The stabilized sediment has a significantely better geomechanical performance in comparison with the sediment alone. Stabilizing the dredged sediment using alkali activation technology provides high enough strengths to eventually make it suitable for anti-flood embankments.

Conclusions
The results confirmed the suitability of the investigated technology for soil stabilization.