bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment the thermal performance of square twisted double tube heat exchanger with Al2O3 nanofluid
Authors: Abdul Razzaq Ali K. , Mushatet Khudheyer S. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The effect of a twisting parameter on heat transport in a square-sectioned twisted tube was studied. One definition of a twisting parameter is the ratio of the hydraulic diameter to the length of the tube at the point when it completed a full 360-degree twist. The twist parameters that were selected are 5, and they were compared to the Double Twisted Square Tube heat exchanger (DTSTHE). Transient flow was taken into account when evaluating the sets of Reynolds numbers. On the other hand, there are four different concentration volumes of nano fluid amounts of 0.005, 0.01, 0.025, and 0.04 for turbulent flow, and the Reynolds number ranges from 5,000 to 25,000. An examination was conducted into the effect of the twist parameter on the convective heat transfer coefficient through turbulent flow. The finite volume approach and the conventional − turbulence model were used to conduct numerical simulations of three-dimensional, steady-state incompressible flow in body-fitted coordinates. It was found that as the twist parameter is decreased, the heat transmission coefficient increases. What this means for the created span-wise swirling flow is unclear. With increasing distance from the tube center towards the walls, the whirling causes the cross-flow velocity vectors to increase. The boundary layer has good thermal properties because it thins out at the tube wall as the near-wall velocity increases. Internal thermal balance is further improved by spinning since it increases the mixing process. A higher Reynolds number, along with larger velocity components, results in a higher heat transfer coefficient.
Augmented reality and optical navigation assisted orbital surgery: a novel integrated workflow
Authors: Tonchev Nikolay , Renieri Giulia , Stein Klaus-Peter , Neyazi Belal , Willgerodt Max , Thieme Hagen , Sandalcioglu I. Erol , Hartmann Karl 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Due to the close topographical relationship of functional relevant anatomic structures, limited space and cosmetic aspects orbital surgery will remain a challenging discipline. Therefore, novel technical capabilities are necessary for further surgical progress. We here tested the integration of augmented reality and optical navigation in one workflow for interdisciplinary decision-making, feasibility and intraoperative guidance.

Methods
High-resolution contrast-enhanced MRI and CT scans were automated and manual-assisted segmented to achieve a detailed three-dimensional (3D) model of the individual patho-anatomical relationships. Augmented reality was used for interdisciplinary preoperative planning and intraoperative intuitive navigation. Mayfield clamp head holder in combination with optical surface matching registration assured navigation assisted microsurgery.

Results
Combinations of different MRI-sequences and CT-scans were necessary for detailed 3D-modeling. Modeling was time consuming and only viable in the hands of medical, surgical and anatomical trained staff. Augmented reality assured a quick, intuitive interdisciplinary orientation. Intraoperative surface matching registration enabled precise navigation in the orbital space.

Conclusions
Optical Navigation and microscope integration achieved a straightforward microsurgical workflow and should be implemented regularly. Augmented reality represented a useful tool for preoperative interdisciplinary planning and intraoperative intuitive orientation. It further stated an excellent educational tool.
Detailed scrutiny of FWM in holmium-doped fiber amplifier (HOFA) in WDM systems
Authors: Bhandari Vijaya , Trivedi Neelu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Four wave mixing (FWM) in wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) systems is prominent performance degrading nonlinearity and limits the total capacity of the system. FWM is explored in different fiber optical amplifiers such as erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA), Raman fiber amplifier (RFA), and also in semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA). Reported studies in HOFA revealed that nonlinear effects in these amplifiers are low; however, in present study, in this research article WDM-HOFA system has been simulated and studied FWM in detail at different HOFA parameters such as input power, length, core radius, doping radius, numerical aperture (NA), Ho ion density, and effects of co- and counter-pumping. Gain and noise figure (NF) are also investigated at aforementioned parameters, and performance is evaluated in terms of optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) at 2,030 nm wavelength window. It is observed that least FWM obtained at 3 m Ho fiber length, 2 µm core radius and doping radius, 15.6 × 1023 m−3 Ho ion doping, 0.1 NA, −10 dB input power, 0.8 GHz channel spacing, and 4 WDM channels. However, better gain and NF comes at different values of these parameters, and as a result, there is trade-off between FWM and gain, NF.
Cilostazol niosomes-loaded transdermal gels: An in vitro and in vivo anti-aggregant and skin permeation activity investigations towards preparing an efficient nanoscale formulation
Authors: Mahmoud Reda A. , Abdelhafez Wael A. , Mahmoud Essam A. , Hassan Yassar , Amin Mohammed A. , Zayed Gamal M. , Mohammed Hamdoon A. , El-Rasoul Saleh A. , Maswadeh Hamzah , Abomughaid Mosleh M. , Khan Riaz A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Cilostazol, an anti-platelet aggregation medicine, is also known to have vasodilation properties and is commonly used for treating muscle soreness and cramps by increasing the muscle oxygen supply. The medication has limited oral bioavailability, is prone to pre-systemic metabolism, and is poorly soluble in aqueous media. A transdermal administration was planned to increase the drug’s solubility and therapeutic efficacy. The current work intended to develop cilostazol niosome-loaded transdermal gel, which was prepared, and with the use of Fourier transform infrared and differential scanning calorimetry analyses, drug-excipient interactions were observed. The medication was formulated utilizing Carbopol-934, Pluronic-F-127, and HPMC gel bases for the transdermally delivered niosomal gels. The produced niosomes had a maximum percentage of drug entrapment at 96.4%, with a particle size of 102 ± 11.30 nm and polydispersity index of 0.29 ± 0.069. The highest percentage of the medication that was entrapped was 96.4%, and the Carbopol-934 gel basis released the major part of the drug under in vitro conditions. A maximum transdermal flux was recorded at 3850.92 μg after 4 h, indicating a 10% increase in cilostazol permeation through rat skin. The flux rate for the niosomal preparation containing the drug ranged from 14.85 to 28.02 μg/cm2 h−1. In comparison to the pure cilostazol-loaded gels, the pharmacokinetics investigation showed that the niosomal gel formulations had considerably greater C
max, T
max, and AUC0. The niosomes loaded with cilostazol exhibited greater solubility, higher bioavailability, and improved effectiveness. Better therapeutic results may be achieved with systemic and site-directed delivery of cilostazol using the designed transdermal niosomal gel with appropriate molecular tagging modification/(s).
Tractarian Ethics: A Transcendental Vision
Authors: Hall Michael 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This paper attempts to offer a positive reading of Tractarian ethics motivated by Kevin Cahill’s therapeutic framing of the Tractatus, on which ethics and language are taken to be coextensive, mutually encompassing spheres. This is taken to secure positive import for Tractarian ethics in a broad sense, though not connected to specific approbations or prohibitions. This is argued for in three sections: first, specifying the animating therapeutic intention of the Tractatus as reawakening the reader to a sense of wonder, against the sedative effects of scientific-causal explanations; second, an elucidation of the underlying logic of TLP 6.4 – 42 to show that Wittgenstein’s repudiation of ethical propositions is not an abolition of ethics but an assertion of the disparity between the absolute value of ethics and the aims of scientific explanation; and third, outlining a positive reading of Tractarian ethics beginning with the cryptic expression, “ethics is transcendental”, by drawing out an analogy with logic as the transcendental condition of language to a view of ethics as a condition of meaningful actions and lives.
Voicing temptations
Authors: Gadris Stelios 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In what follows I will try to show that hinge propositions do not constitute the ultimate ground upon which we stand fast, but rather voice a metaphysical temptation, the temptation to offer an ultimate and undoubtable foundation of which we can be absolutely certain. After a brief sketch of what hinge propositions are, I propose that we read them as exclamations pointing to nonsense, a limit to intelligibility. Interpreted thus, hinge propositions, either ascertained or doubted, show what nonsense in On Certainty might be, namely, the confusion that either their certitude or doubt produce. I will try to substantiate my interpretation showing that Wittgenstein in On Certainty was well aware of the temptation to proclaim hinge propositions as absolute certainties – a temptation he rejects. I will try to establish the above claim by offering a critique of Moyal-Sharrock’s interpretation that we read hinges as merely showing and not as something that we can explicitly acknowledge, say or articulate.
‘Not enough’: Certainty and Doubt in Exploring the Grammar of ‘Woman’
Authors: Kronqvist Camilla 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Danièle Moyal-Sharrock and Constantine Sandis have suggested that our sense of being ‘women’ (and ‘men’) can be elucidated by thinking of it as an animal certainty. The suggestion is helpful in resisting the notion that ‘being woman’ can be modelled either on the idea of indubitable first-person knowledge of one’s inner self or of a third person’s unquestionable knowledge of one’s body. One’s being woman is manifested in one’s ways of acting and reacting; it constitutes a mode of being, which cannot be given further justification. Nevertheless, I argue that the emphasis on certainty may render the possible doubts an individual may entertain about being a woman at different stages and in different contexts of their life opaque. It may also obscure the philosophical analysis of what thinking of certainty with Wittgenstein may offer to the understanding of ‘woman’, since for him the exploration of meaningful and impossible forms of doubt always ran parallel to his thinking on certainty. Considering everyday examples of certainty and doubts in being a woman, I therefore discuss the dialectic between certainty and doubt in the constitution of being ‘a woman’, giving special attention to the significance of second person assertions and comments for the first person’s experience of being or not being a woman or not being ‘woman enough’.
‘The Ethics of Attention to Language’ Introducing Conceptual Injustice
Authors: Braune Camille 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
What is conceptual injustice, and how can it supplement hermeneutical injustice? By bringing feminist epistemology, in particular Miranda Fricker’s notion of hermeneutical injustice, into dialogue with conceptual ethics and conceptual engineering, this article sheds light on what conceptual injustice is and how it can supplement hermeneutical injustice. What needs to be understood is how concepts can be advantageous to some and disadvantageous to others. For this, I propose approaching language in its relationship with ethics: something I call the ethics of attention to language. By combining a Wittgenstein-Murdochian approach to concepts with the ethics of attention, I try to demonstrate how an ethics of attention to language can counter cognitive disabilities or forms of cognitive blockages constituting experiences of oppression and how it can be an antidote to conceptual injustice. I argue that this ethics of attention to language can be especially beneficial to feminism.
Mechanochemical synthesis of (Mg1−x
Fe
x
)2SiO4 olivine phases relevant to Martian regolith: structural and spectroscopic characterizations
Authors: Jundullah Hanafi Md. Izzuddin , Murshed M. Mangir , Robben Lars , Gesing Thorsten M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
To fabricate metals from the base materials for future Mars exploration, synthesis of representative olivine phases and their structural and spectroscopic characterizations are of crucial importance. Using mechanochemical technique that mimics the mechanical weathering, a complete solid solution of (Mg1−x
Fe
x
)2SiO4 has been synthesized to investigate the associated crystal chemical properties. X-ray powder diffraction data Rietveld analysis confirms that each polycrystalline sample crystallizes in space group Pbnm. The average crystallite size ranges between 80(1) nm and 223(4) nm. Each lattice parameter increases with increasing Fe-content due to the larger Fe2+ radius than that of Mg2+, following Vegard’s rule. For a given nominal chemical composition, substitution of Mg with Fe at the M1-site (4a: 0,0,0) is preferred to the M2-site (4c: x,y,¼). As a consequence, the average Fe-content lies slightly below the equivalence line for x = 0.2–0.8, indicating that the Fe/Mg ratio in the amorphous scattering content is most likely greater than unity. Characteristic Raman spectral features of the olivines have been explained in terms of the chemical composition (x). Simple regression models are demonstrated based on both X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopic data for the calculation of Mg/Fe in olivines. Diffuse reflectance UV/Vis spectra RATD analysis shows each olivine phase possesses direct band-gap between 3.38(3) eV and 4.90(3) eV. This study could keep valuable information to relevant databases for future human missions on Mars, in particular, for precise estimation of the representative olivines from the remote X-ray diffraction and spectroscopic data.
Effects of Shoulder Corrective Training Program on Pitching Loads and Sonographic Morphology in Elbow Joint in Youth Baseball Players
Authors: Chen Po-Tsun , Lin Yu-Chun , Chang Hsiao-Yun , Chiu Chih-Hao , Chen Cheng-Yu , Chen Poyu , Lin Yang-Hua 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Chen, P-T, Lin, Y-C, Chang, H-Y, Chiu, C-H, Chen, C-Y, Chen, P, and Lin, Y-H. Effects of shoulder corrective training program on pitching loads and sonographic morphology in elbow joint in youth baseball players. J Strength Cond Res 38(8): e440–e447, 2024—We assessed the effects of a 12-week shoulder corrective training program for shoulder flexibility and strengthening on pitching loads and sonographic morphology of the elbow joints in youth baseball players. Seventeen subjects were recruited and underwent evaluations before and after the training program. We found that following training, subjects demonstrated significantly increased ranges of shoulder internal rotation (38.9 ± 12.9° vs. 69.2 ± 10.8°, p < 0.001), external rotation (91.2 ± 14.6° vs. 107.3 ± 9.5°, p = 0.004), and horizontal adduction (21.5 ± 8.0° vs. 32.7 ± 7.3°, p = 0.002); improved strength in the shoulder internal rotators (8.7 ± 1.6 kg vs. 9.8 ± 2.1 kg, p = 0.04), external rotators (6.5 ± 1.9 kg vs. 7.5 ± 2.8 kg, p = 0.04), middle trapezius (12.7 ± 2.1 kg vs. 14.3 ± 2.4 kg, p = 0.04), and middle deltoid muscles (10.8 ± 3.3 kg vs. 14.8 ± 3.2 kg, p = 0.001); and decreased thickness of the ulnar collateral ligament (6.1 ± 0.6 mm vs. 4.8 ± 0.7 mm, p = 0.002). Although there was no substantial change in elbow torque and arm speed, significantly increased ball speed (51.2 ± 4.6 mph vs. 54.1 ± 4.5 mph, p < 0.001) and decreased arm slot (63.8 ± 11.9° vs. 53.0 ± 12.7°, p = 0.02) were observed. We suggest that adequate corrective training should be performed regularly to minimize or mitigate adverse soft tissue changes at the elbow in youth baseball players. Balanced shoulder strength and flexibility may decrease medial elbow stress during pitching. Future studies should consider the kinetic and kinematic effects of other corrective training programs on the shoulder or elbow joint during pitching.
Individuals Can be Taught to Sense the Degree of Vascular Occlusion: Implications for Practical Blood Flow Restriction
Authors: Song Jun Seob , Hammert William B. , Kataoka Ryo , Yamada Yujiro , Kang Anna , Loenneke Jeremy P. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Song, JS, Hammert, WB, Kataoka, R, Yamada, Y, Kang, A, and Loenneke, JP. Individuals can be taught to sense the degree of vascular occlusion: Implications for practical blood flow restriction. J Strength Cond Res 38(8): 1413–1418, 2024—It is currently unknown if individuals can be conditioned to a relative arterial occlusion pressure (AOP) and replicate that pressure at a later time point. The purpose of this study was to determine whether individuals can be taught to sense a certain relative pressure (i.e., target pressure) by comparing a conditioning method with a time-matched non-conditioning control. Fifty-eight subjects completed 2 visits in a randomized order: (a) conditioning condition and (b) time-matched control condition. The conditioning involved 11 series of inflations to 40% AOP for 12 seconds followed by cuff deflation for 22 seconds. The pressure estimations were taken at 5 and 30 minutes after each condition. Data are presented as mean differences (95% credible interval). The absolute error at 5 minutes was greater for the control compared with conditioning condition (7.1 [2.0–12.1] mm Hg). However, this difference in absolute error between conditioning and control was reduced at 30 minutes (2.9 [−1.3 to 7.1] mm Hg). The mean difference and 95% limits of agreement for the control were 8.2 (−42.4 to 58.5) mm Hg at 5 minutes and 0.02 (−43.5 to 43.5) at 30 minutes. The agreements for the conditioning were −6.2 (−32.4 to 20.0) mm Hg at 5 minutes and −11.2 (−36.6 to 14.3) mm Hg at 30 minutes. The results suggest that the individuals can be taught to sense the target pressure, but this effect only lasts a short amount of time. Future work is necessary to refine the conditioning method to extend the duration of this conditioning effect.
Contribution of Physical Characteristics to Game Performance in Male Wheelchair Basketball Athletes at the Tokyo Paralympic Games
Authors: Snyder Leanne , Goods Paul S.R. , Peeling Peter , Balloch Aaron , Peiffer Jeremiah J. , Binnie Martyn J. , Scott Brendan R. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Snyder, L, Goods, PSR, Peeling, P, Balloch, A, Peiffer, JJ, Binnie, MJ, and Scott, BR. Contribution of physical characteristics to game performance in male wheelchair basketball athletes at the Tokyo Paralympic Games. J Strength Cond Res 38(10): e579–e586, 2024—This investigation explored the physical characteristics of elite male wheelchair basketball (WCB) athletes and their association with game performance during the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games. Sixteen male athletes from the Australian national WCB squad were assessed for anthropometrics, speed, change of direction, aerobic power, and upper-body power during a training camp before the 2020 Paralympic Games. Athletes were grouped according to the International Wheelchair Basketball Federation disability classification system (1.0–4.5) as low- (≤2.5, more severe impairments) or high-point (≥3.0, less severe impairments) athletes. Physical and performance characteristics between groups were compared using independent-samples t-tests, and their relationship to game statistics (points, rebounds, assists, and steals) per minute played was explored through stepwise regression. High-point athletes were 13% taller (p = 0.001), 4–9% faster (p < 0.001–0.017), and demonstrated superior change of direction ability (15%, p < 0.001) compared with low-point athletes. Approximately 74% of the variance in points scored per minute was accounted for by athlete classification, whereas the most important modifiable physical characteristic was speed, which contributed significantly to steals (54% of variance) and assists (96% of variance when arm span and sitting reach height were also considered). Low-point athletes with spinal cord injuries generally have impaired trunk control, which is a likely explanation for performance differences between groups. A range of nonmodifiable (classification, sitting reach height, and arm span) and modifiable (speed) physical characteristics contribute to game performance outcomes and should therefore be considered when identifying, developing, and selecting WCB athletes for elite competition.
The Development of Normative Fitness Data and Analyzing the Relationships Between 20MSFT and 2.4-km Run Performance in Australian Police Recruits
Authors: Campbell Patrick , Maupin Danny , Lockie Robert G. , Dawes J. Jay , Simas Vinicius , Canetti Elisa , Schram Ben , Orr Robin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCampbell, P, Maupin, D, Lockie, RG, Dawes, JJ, Simas, V, Canetti, E, Schram, B, and Orr, R. The development of normative fitness data and analyzing the relationships between 20MSFT and 2.4-km run performance in Australian police recruits.J Strength Cond ResXX(X): 000–000, 2024—Aerobic fitness testing plays a significant role in the academy training of law enforcement recruits. There is a lack of normative data for law enforcement recruits and substantial interchangeability for choice of field-based aerobic tests. Therefore, this study aimed to develop normative percentile rankings for the 20-m multistage fitness tests (20MSFT) and 2.4-km run specific to law enforcement recruits; and to analyze the relationship between the 2 tests by linear regression. Data from 5 cohorts of law enforcement recruits completing 20MSFT (n= 1,536) and 2.4-km run (n= 1,499) testing during basic training at an Australian Police Academy were retrospectively analyzed. Percentile ranks were calculated (20th, 40th, 50th, 60th, 80th, and 99th) based on the number of shuttles completed and time (seconds) to complete the 2.4-km run. Results were split by sex and age (i.e., <20 years, 20–29 years, 30–39 years, and 40–49 years). Linear regression analyzed the relationship between the 20MSFT to the 2.4-km run (using both seconds and km·h−1), producing predictive equations to translate scores between the 2 assessments. These data presented the first detailed normative values by age and sex for Australian law enforcement recruits. Furthermore, the results demonstrated regression models could explain 65–74% of the variance observed (r2= 0.649–0.741) between 20MSFT performance and 2.4-km run performance. This study's findings allow for normative performance for the purpose of benchmarking fitness, setting performance goal, and rehabilitation from injury. In addition, a valid conversion through a linear regression affords cross-agency comparisons and temporal changes in test selection/recruit cohorts.