bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Respiratory compensation point during incremental test in overweight and normoweight boys: is it useful in assessing aerobic performance? A longitudinal study
Authors: Maciejczyk Marcin , Szymura Jadwiga , Cempla Jerzy , Gradek Joanna , Więcek Magdalena , Bawelski Marek 
Published: June 2013

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of the respiratory compensation point (RCP) in overweight and normoweight boys and to clarify changes in the RCP over 4 years. This study was conducted with 11 overweight boys and 14 boys with normal weight. The boys performed the graded test every 2 years (three series) beginning at the age of 9–10 years and finishing at the age of 13–14 years. During the test, the RCP was detected. In every series, the RCP occurred earlier in the overweight boys than in the normoweight boys and at a significantly (P<0·05) lower rate relative to body mass power output (P kg−1). Relative oxygen uptake (VO2 kg−1) at the RCP in all studies was also significantly (P<0·05) lower in the group of overweight boys. The maximum level of analysed indicators (VO2max; Pmax) differentiated both groups in similar ways as their level noted at RCP. This study showed significant (P<0·05) correlation between the values VO2max kg−1 and VO2 kg−1 at RCP in each series of the test and between Pmax kg−1 and P kg−1 at RCP. The respiratory compensation point seems to be a good method for evaluating aerobic performance in children (also overweight). During puberty, a decreasing tendency in aerobic performance was observed in both groups.
Dramatic losses of specialist arable plants in Central Germany since the 1950s/60s – a cross‐regional analysis
Authors: Meyer Stefan , Wesche Karsten , Krause Benjamin , Leuschner Christoph 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimTo assess the consequences of agricultural intensification since the 1950s for Central Europe's plant communities of arable plants.LocationCentral Germany.MethodsWe employed a semipermanent plot design to analyse changes in 392 field interiors for 10 study regions, including sandy, limestone and loamy sites between the 1950s/60s and 2009.ResultsThe analysis revealed a reduction in the regional species pool during the 50‐year period of 23% (from 301 to 233 vascular species) and dramatic losses in plot‐level diversity (from medians of 24 to 7). Median cover of spontaneously growing arable plants decreased from 30% to 3%. Losses were disproportionally larger on limestone sites while sandy sites maintained a larger fraction of the original diversity. Archaeophytes, neophytes and most Poaceae (including some aggressive weeds) showed similarly strong losses as indigenous plants. This contradicts the assumption that grasses and neophytes are generally profiting from agricultural intensification. Crop diversity decreased from 25 crop plants present in the 1950s/60s to only 16 in 2009, while crop cover generally increased. Winter cereals, oilseed rape and maize are dominant today, while all other crop types showed strong declines.Main conclusionsVegetation change over time depended on soil substrate with once markedly different arable communities now showing more homogenized community structure. Increasing Ellenberg indicator values for nitrogen and pH point to N fertilization as a major driver of change. New conservation measures such as the establishment of field flora reserves and agri‐environment schemes with less intensive land use are thus urgently needed especially on limestone substrates to bring an end to the decline of this functionally distinct and increasingly threatened component of the Central European flora.
Delusional infestations: clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Heller Misha M. , Wong Jillian W. , Lee Eric S. , Ladizinski Barry , Grau Manuel , Howard Josephine L. , Berger Timothy G. , Koo John Y. M. , Murase Jenny E. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractPatients with delusional infestations (DI), previously named delusions of parasitosis, have a fixed, false belief that they are infested with living or non‐living pathogens. Patients have abnormal cutaneous symptoms such as itching, biting, or crawling sensations. They often demonstrate self‐destructive behavior in an effort to rid the pathogens from under their skin, leading to excoriations, ulcerations, and serious secondary infections. This review article aims to provide an overview of DI including its clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. Strategies on how to establish a strong therapeutic alliance with DI patients are discussed. In addition, antipsychotic medications used in the treatment of DI are described.
“The EU Should Talk to Germany” Transnational Legal Consciousness as a Rights Claiming Tool among Undocumented Migrants
Authors: Schwenken Helen 
Published: June 2013

AbstractMigrants must often negotiate their rights while being hampered by their precarious resident status, within contexts where the overlap of migration, welfare, labour and gender regimes lead to incoherent and contradictory institutional set‐ups that hinder their claiming of rights. The analysis of the legal consciousness of undocumented migrants in Germany reveals a complex set of orientations. On some occasions they waive their rights, accepting lower working conditions in order not to lose their jobs – a finding that confirms existing research. At the same time, they also informally “enact” rights and access to institutions themselves. They appeal to the experiences of undocumented migrants with laws and access to social services in other countries. The finding of relatively widespread transnational legal consciousness adds a new dimension to the scholarship on migrant legal consciousness and claims‐making, which has hitherto portrayed undocumented migrants as living in a legal limbo between their countries of origin and destination.
Addressing the need for an infection prevention and control framework that incorporates the role of surveillance: a discussion paper
Authors: Mitchell Brett G. , Gardner Anne 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimTo present a discussion on theoretical frameworks in infection prevention and control.BackgroundInfection prevention and control programmes have been in place for several years in response to the incidence of healthcare‐associated infections and their associated morbidity and mortality. Theoretical frameworks play an important role in formalizing the understanding of infection prevention activities.DesignDiscussion paper.Data sourcesA literature search using electronic databases was conducted for published articles in English addressing theoretical frameworks in infection prevention and control between 1980–2012.ResultsNineteen papers that included a reference to frameworks were identified in the review. A narrative analysis of these papers was completed. Two models were identified and neither included the role of surveillance.DiscussionTo reduce the risk of acquiring a healthcare‐associated infection, a multifaceted approach to infection prevention is required. One key component in this approach is surveillance. The review identified two infection prevention and control frameworks, yet these are rarely applied in infection prevention and control programmes. Only one framework considered the multifaceted approach required for infection prevention. It did not, however, incorporate the role of surveillance. We present a framework that incorporates the role of surveillance into a biopsychosocial approach to infection prevention and control.ConclusionInfection prevention and control programmes and associated research are led primarily by nurses. There is a need for an explicit infection prevention and control framework incorporating the important role that surveillance has in infection prevention activities. This study presents one framework for further critique and discussion.
Plio‐Pleistocene out‐of‐Australia dispersal in a camaenid land snail
Authors: Köhler Frank , Criscione Francesco 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimCamaenidae are amongst the most diverse land snail groups in Southeast Asia and Australasia, but their phylogeny and biogeography are poorly understood. The monophyly and biogeographical origin of the Australian species has remained uncertain. Being reported from north‐western Australia as well as from the Lesser Sunda Islands, the genus Rhagada is crucial to our understanding of camaenid biogeography. By resolving the phylogeny of Rhagada, we aim to uncover spatial and temporal patterns of its diversification at the interface between Oriental and Australian biogeographical regions.LocationNorth‐western Australia, Lesser Sunda Islands.MethodsWe implemented Bayesian and maximum likelihood methods to generate the most complete mitochondrial phylogeny of Rhagada land snails to date. Divergence times of clades were estimated by employing a relaxed molecular clock and two internal calibrations from fossil and tectonic data. Ancestral areas of clades were inferred using character history reconstruction based on parsimony, as implemented in Mesquite.ResultsRhagada clustered into eight well‐supported clades that are restricted to certain geographical areas. Species from the Kimberley, Western Australia, formed the earliest branching clades. A single Lesser Sunda clade was sister to a radiation in the Western Australian Pilbara. Molecular age estimates placed the evolutionary origin of Rhagada between the late Miocene and early Pleistocene, and dispersal from Western Australia onto the Lesser Sunda Islands in a period between the mid‐Pliocene and early Pleistocene.Main conclusionsThe camaenid Rhagada originated in the Kimberley and subsequently expanded its range through the Pilbara and into the Shark Bay area, probably during the late Pliocene and mid‐Pleistocene. From the Kimberley, Rhagada snails colonized the Lesser Sunda Islands probably not before 1.9 Ma following emergence of the youngest islands, which may have acted as ‘stepping stones’. Over‐sea dispersal might have occurred during the mid‐Pleistocene when lowered sea levels facilitated faunal exchange across the region.
Medical management of critical limb ischaemia: where do we stand today?
Authors: Lambert M. A. , Belch J. J. F. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractCritical limb ischaemia (CLI) is a severe form of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). CLI often causes disabling symptoms of pain and can lead to loss of the affected limb. It is also associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction, stroke and death from cardiovascular disease. The aims of management in patients with CLI are to relieve ischaemic pain, heal ulcers, prevent limb loss, improve function and quality of life and prolong survival. Here, current evidence regarding the medical management of CLI is reviewed. Cardiovascular risk factors should be assessed in all patients with CLI; smoking cessation and treatment of hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and diabetes all reduce the mortality rate in those with PAD. Antiplatelet agents (either aspirin or clopidogrel) are recommended to reduce both the incidence of cardiovascular events and risk of arterial occlusion. By contrast, routine use of anticoagulation (either warfarin or heparin) is not recommended. Treatment of the limbs themselves is often more challenging. Prostanoids may have some efficacy for treating rest pain and for ulcer healing, and iloprost shows favourable results in reducing the risk of major amputations, but long‐term follow‐up data regarding disease progression are lacking. There is insufficient evidence to support the use of naftidrofuryl or cilostazol, and pentoxifylline is not beneficial. Furthermore, there is no evidence of proven benefit of hyperbaric oxygen. A number of angiogenic growth factors have been studied in Phase I studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs). They appear to be safe, but efficacy results have been mixed. Treatment with stem cells also shows some potential from early trials, but further larger RCTs are needed to demonstrate clear benefit. Thrombolysis may be an alternative for patients who develop acute limb ischaemia and are unsuitable for surgical intervention. However, newer endovascular techniques are likely to have a greater role in the future.
Optimization of Culturing Conditions of a Strain ofPhytophthora capsiciPathogenic to Habanero Pepper (Capsicum chinense)
Authors: Flores‐Giubi María Eugenia , Brito‐Argáez Ligia , García‐Sosa Karlina , Escalante‐Erosa Fabiola , Islas‐Flores Ignacio , Peña‐Rodríguez Luis Manuel 
Published: June 2013

AbstractPhytophthora capsiciis an oomycete known as the causal agent of wilting disease inCapsicumspp., which causes rotting of roots, crowns, stems, leaves and fruits. To date, little is known about the production of phytotoxic metabolites byP. capsicior their role in the infection process. As part of a project directed towards the isolation and identification of phytotoxins produced by a strain ofP. capsicipathogenic to habanero pepper (Capsicum chinense), we have evaluated the effect of factors such as aeration, light and culture medium on the production of mycelium and phytotoxic metabolites byP. capsici. The results showed that culturingP. capsiciin potato dextrose broth (PDB) containing habanero pepper leaf infusion, in the dark and under still conditions, results in a high production of mycelium and a high phytotoxicity of the culture filtrate, in the shortest period of time.
Brief Report of a New Highly Divergent Variant of Grapevine leafroll‐associated virus 3 (GLRaV‐3)
Authors: Goszczynski Dariusz E. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe alignment of the complete genomes of genetic variants of Grapevine leafroll‐associated virus 3 (GLRaV‐3) representing phylogenetic groups I, II, III and VI revealed numerous regions with exceptionally high divergence between group I to III and group VI variants. Oligonucleotide primers universal for all the above groups of the virus were designed in conserved short stretches of sequences flanking the divergent regions in the helicase (Hel) and RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) domains of the replicase gene and the divergent copy of the capsid protein (dCP) gene. Cloning and sequencing of the 549‐bp RT‐PCR amplicon of the helicase domain from grapevine cv. Shiraz lead to the detection of a variant of GLRaV‐3, which shared only 69.6–74.1% nt similarity with other variants, including the recently reported, new, highly divergent variant, isolate 139. This was confirmed by the results of the analysis of 517‐bp amplicon of the HSP70 gene of GLRaV‐3 generated in RT‐nested PCR based on degenerate primers for the simultaneous amplification of members of the Closteroviridae family designed by Dovas and Katis (J Virol Methods, 109, 2003, 217). In this genomic region, the variant shares 72.3–78.7% nt similarity with other variants of GLRaV‐3. This previously unreported, new, highly divergent variant was provisionally named GTG10. From the alignment of the HSP70 sequences primers for the specific RT‐nested PCR amplification of the variant GTG10 and members of group VI, and specific simultaneous amplification of variants of groups I, II and III, were designed. The results obtained from brief testing of various grapevines using all these primers suggest a relatively limited presence of GTG10 variant in vineyards.
Effect of dietary potassium and anionic salts on acid–base and mineral status in periparturient cows
Authors: Rérat M. , Schlegel P. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryDry cow diets based on grassland forage from intensive production contain high amounts of K and could be responsible for a reduced ability to maintain Ca homoeostasis. The aim of this study was to determine whether a moderate anionic salt supplementation to a forage‐based pre‐calving diet with varying native K content affects the mineral and acid–base status in transition cows. Twenty‐four dry and pregnant Holstein cows, without antecedent episodes of clinical hypocalcemia, were assigned to two diets during the last 4 weeks before estimated calving date. Twelve cows were fed a hay‐based diet low in K (18 g K/kg DM), and 12, a hay‐based diet high in K (35 g K/kg DM). Within each diet, six cows received anionic salts during the last 2 weeks before the estimated calving day. After calving, all cows received the high K diet ad libitum. Blood samples were taken daily from day 11 pre‐partum to day 5 post‐partum. Urine samples were taken on days 7 and 2 pre‐partum and on day 2 post‐partum. The anionic salt did not alter feed intake during the pre‐partum period. Serum Ca was not influenced by the dietary treatments. Feeding pre‐partum diets with low K concentrations induced a reduced metabolic alkalotic charge, as indicated by reduced pre‐partum urinary base–acid quotient. Transition cows fed the low K diet including anionic salts induced a mild metabolic acidosis before calving, as indicated by higher urinary Ca, lower urinary pH and net acid–base excretion. Although serum Ca during the post‐partum period was not affected by dietary treatment, feeding a low K diet moderately supplemented with anionic salts to reach a dietary cation–anion difference close to zero permitted to obtain a metabolic response in periparturient cows without altering the dry matter intake.
Health Care Avoidance Among Rural Populations: Results From a Nationally Representative Survey
Authors: Spleen Angela M. , Lengerich Eugene J. , Camacho Fabian T. , Vanderpool Robin C. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundPrevious research suggests that certain populations, including rural residents, exhibit health care avoidant behaviors more frequently than other groups. Additionally, health care avoidance is related to sociodemographics, attitudes, social expectations, ability to pay for care, and prior experiences with providers. However, previous studies have been limited to specific geographic areas, particular health conditions, or by analytic methods.MethodsThe 2008 Health Information Trends Survey (HINTS) was used to estimate the magnitude of health care avoidance nationally and, while controlling for confounding factors, identify groups of people in the United States who are more likely to avoid health care. Chi‐square procedures tested the statistical significance (P < .05) of bivariate relationships. Multivariable analysis was conducted through a weighted multiple logistic regression with backward selection.ResultsFor 6,714 respondents, bivariate analyses revealed differences (P < .05) in health care avoidance for multiple factors. However, multiple regression reduced the set of significant factors (P < .05) to rural residence (OR = 1.69), male sex (OR = 1.24), younger age (18‐34 years OR = 2.34; 35‐49 years OR = 2.10), lack of health insurance (OR = 1.43), lack of confidence in personal health care (OR = 2.24), lack of regular provider (OR = 1.49), little trust in physicians (OR = 1.34), and poor provider rapport (OR = 0.94).ConclusionThe results of this study will help public health practitioners develop programs and initiatives targeted and tailored to specific groups, particularly rural populations, which seek to address avoidant behavior, thereby reducing the likelihood of adverse health outcomes.
Collective Agreement Status and Survivability: Change and Persistence in the German Model
Authors: Addison John T. , Teixeira Paulino , Bryson Alex , Pahnke André 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis paper assesses the decline in collective bargaining coverage in Germany. Using repeat cross‐section and longitudinal data from the IAB Establishment Panel, it indicates the overwhelming importance of behavioural as opposed to compositional change in this process. Further, in the first use of survival analysis for the purpose, it also charts workplace transitions into and out of collective bargaining. In addition to providing new estimates of the median duration of coverage, the paper reports on the factors generating entry into and exit from collective bargaining. These influences are found to be distinct but symmetric.
Downregulation of the Endothelial Genes Notch1 and EphrinB2 in Patients with Nodular Regenerative Hyperplasia
Authors: Rothweiler Sonja , Terracciano Luigi , Tornillo Luigi , Dill Michael T. , Heim Markus H. , Semela David 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackground & AimsNodular regenerative hyperplasia (NRH) is a rare liver disease characterized by small regenerative nodules without fibrosis and can cause portal hypertension. Aetiology and pathogenesis of NRH remain unclear. We have recently shown that Notch1 knockout induces NRH with portal hypertension through vascular remodelling in mice. The aim of this study was to analyse histological and clinical data of NRH patients and to explore if the endothelial pathways identified in our NRH mouse model are also regulated in human NRH.MethodsPatients were identified retrospectively from the pathology database. Clinical and laboratory patient data were retrieved. mRNA expression was measured in liver biopsies from a subset of NRH patients.ResultsDiagnosis of NRH was confirmed in needle biopsies of 51 patients, including 31 patients with grade 1, 12 patients with grade 2 and 8 patients with grade 3 NRH. Grade 3 nodularity significantly correlated with the presence of portal hypertension: 50% of the patients with grade 3 NRH vs. 6.5% with grade 1 (P = 0.0105). mRNA expression analysis in liver biopsies from 14 NRH patients and in primary human sinusoidal endothelial cells revealed downregulation of identical genes as in the murine NRH model, which are implicated in vascular differentiation: Notch1, delta‐like 4 (Dll4) and ephrinB2.ConclusionsIn this large NRH needle biopsy cohort, we demonstrated that advanced nodularity correlates with presence of portal hypertension. Downregulation of the endothelial signalling pathways Dll4/Notch1 and ephrinB2/EphB4 supports the hypothesis that human NRH is caused by a sinusoidal injury providing first insights into the molecular pathogenesis of this liver condition.
Single‐molecule atomic force microscopy unravels the binding mechanism of a Burkholderia cenocepacia trimeric autotransporter adhesin
Authors: El‐Kirat‐Chatel Sofiane , Mil‐Homens Dalila , Beaussart Audrey , Fialho Arsenio M. , Dufrêne Yves F. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryTrimeric autotransporter adhesins (TAAs) are bacterial surface proteins that fulfil important functions in pathogenic Gram‐negative bacteria. Prominent examples of TAAs are found in Burkholderia cepacia complex, a group of bacterial species causing severe infections in patients with cystic fibrosis. While there is strong evidence that Burkholderia cenocepacia TAAs mediate adhesion, aggregation and colonization of the respiratory epithelium, we still know very little about the molecular mechanisms behind these interactions. Here, we use single‐molecule atomic force microscopy to unravel the binding mechanism of BCAM0224, a prototype TAA from B. cenocepacia K56‐2. We show that the adhesin forms homophilic trans‐interactions engaged in bacterial aggregation, and that it behaves as a spring capable to withstand high forces. We also find that BCAM0224 binds collagen, a major extracellular component of host epithelia. Both homophilic and heterophilic interactions display low binding affinity, which could be important for epithelium colonization. We then demonstrate that BCAM0224 recognizes receptors on living pneumocytes, and leads to the formation of membrane tethers that may play a role in promoting adhesion. Collectively, our results show that BCAM0224 is a multifunctional adhesin endowed with remarkable binding properties, which may represent a general mechanism among TAAs for strengthening bacterial adhesion.