bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attitudes of the general population and mental health practitioners towards blended therapy in Austria
Authors: Mittmann Gloria , Steiner-Hofbauer Verena , Schrank Beate 
Published: July 2024

Summary

Introduction
Mental health problems are steadily increasing worldwide. In Austria, the overall supply of mental health services is low, especially in rural areas. Mobile technology and a blended care approach have the potential to overcome problems with service provision. The aim of this study was to map the attitudes of practitioners and people living in Austria towards blended therapy.

Method
Two individual online questionnaires (including the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology, advantages and disadvantages, useful features) were distributed to practitioners and the general population in Austria.

Results
The questionnaires were answered by 152 members of the general public and 129 practitioners. The general population and practitioners seem to be cautious, but slightly positive about blended therapy. Previous experience of practitioners with blended therapy was low. Practitioners are most worried about the therapeutic process and their work-life balance, while the general population is worried about being overwhelmed by the concept, mainly due to the time investment. Tracking, recording and reminding functions (e.g., for mood, homework) were seen as especially valuable features and accessibility was deemed the biggest advantage by both samples.

Conclusion
Practitioners’ attitudes are important for implementation of blended therapy. More awareness might help against the cautiousness as well as implementing digital health applications in Austrian health policies.
Microstructural BIB-SEM investigation of Upper Cretaceous Jordanian carbonate-rich oil shales bearing type II-S kerogen
Authors: Klaver J. , Grohmann S. , Gaus G. , Abu-Mahfouz I. S. , Patzek T. , Vahrenkamp V. , Urai J. L. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this study, we use Broad Ion Beam polishing and Scanning Electron Microscopy (BIB-SEM) to characterize the microstructure of selected core samples of immature Upper Cretaceous carbonate-rich oil shales from Jordan and to link the observations to porosity and compositional and geochemical data. The aim of this study is to understand the distribution of pore space, primary organic matter, and organic sulfur on a sub-micron scale, particularly in carbonate- and silicate-dominated layers. The thermal maturity of these marine carbonate mudstone samples of pelagic origin was found to be influenced by the elevated sulfur contents in these Type II-S kerogen source rocks. This was confirmed through both organic geochemistry and BIB-SEM observations, which revealed high sulfur content. Porosity in the carbonate mudstone exists within foraminifera, and aggregates of microfossil fragments. Initially, these voids provided significant inter- and intra-particle porosity which were later filled by organic matter during diagenesis. This ‘mobile’ organic matter is interpreted as microscopic bitumen, which exists as a solid or highly viscous fluid at surface conditions. It is likely a residue of low-temperature (“early”) bitumen generation. By examining the samples before and after dichloromethane (DCM) extraction and subsequent BIB-SEM analyses, we observed that the specimens contained a significant amount of soluble organic matter (SOM), mostly present in the micropores associated with calcite. The microscopic solid bitumen is observed to remain stable even under various conditions, such as in vacuum oven conditions of 105 °C (24 h), or exposure to ultra-high vacuum, broad ion beam (heat > 70 °C) and an electron beam of 15 keV. This suggests that the solid bitumen acts as a solid at elevated temperatures and confining pressures (85 °C and 250 MPa), and its presence can lead to the buildup of significant fluid overpressures. Our observations indicate that the pores associated with calcite provide high storage capacity in the shales during the early stages of hydrocarbon generation. In contrast, it suggests that siliciclastic-rich samples are more prone to hydrofracturing as the (early) generated hydrocarbons cannot be expelled easily. These findings highlight the complex distribution and behavior of pore space, organic matter, and sulfur in shales, shedding light on their potential for hydrocarbon generation and storage.
Graphical abstract
Modeling solid-state reaction processes: application for the archaeometric study of potteries from Venus Fisica Temple in Pompeii (Italy)
Authors: Di Turo Francesca , De Vito Caterina , Coletti Fulvio , Doménech-Carbó Antonio 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis research employs the voltammetry of immobilized microparticles (VIMP) methodology to analyze a collection of ceramic samples from the temple of Venus Fisica in the archaeological site of Pompeii. The primary objective is to discern their origins and manufacturing processes by the solid-state analysis of the electroactive properties of iron minerals, particularly hematite, extensively investigated for its electrochemical and catalytic characteristics. In our study, we propose a model to elucidate the electrochemical processes involved, building upon prior logistic and nucleation formulations. In this model, we consider the possibility of two superimposed pathways. This approach provides a nuanced understanding of composition changes and mineral crystallinity, factors that can induce significant variations in the voltammetric signal. Consequently, it becomes an effective means to discriminate between different provenances and manufacturing techniques of different potteries. The outcomes of this research contribute valuable insights into the intricate realm of ancient ceramic materials, casting light on their origins and production processes within the historical context of Pompeii.
Genetic mutations in Parkinson’s disease: screening of a selected population from North-Eastern Italy
Authors: Bonato Giulia , Antonini Angelo , Pistonesi Francesca , Campagnolo Marta , Guerra Andrea , Biundo Roberta , Pilleri Manuela , Bertolin Cinzia , Salviati Leonardo , Carecchio Miryam 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with a multifactorial pathogenesis. Several genetic variants increase the risk of PD and about 5–10% of cases are monogenic. This study aims to define the genetic bases and clinical features of PD in a cohort of patients from Northeastern Italy, a peculiar geographical area previously not included in genetic screenings.

Methods
Using an NGS multigenic panel, 218 PD patients were tested based on age at onset, family history and development of atypical features.

Results
A total of 133 genetic variants were found in 103 patients. Monogenic PD was diagnosed in 43 patients (20% of the cohort); 28 (12.8%) carried mutations in GBA1, 10 in LRRK2 (4.6%) and 5 in PRKN (2.3%). In 17% of patients the genetic defect remained of uncertain interpretation. The selection criterion “age of onset < 55 years” was a significant predictor of a positive genetic test (OR 3.8, p 0.0037). GBA1 patients showed more severe symptoms and a higher burden of motor and non-motor complications compared to negative patients (dyskinesias OR 3, sleep disturbances OR 2.8, cognitive deficits OR 3.6; p < 0.05), with greater autonomic dysfunction (COMPASS-31 score 34.1 vs 20.2, p 0.03).

Conclusions
Applying simple clinical criteria for genetic testing allows to increase the probability to identify patients with monogenic PD and better allocate resources. This process is critical to widen the understanding of disease mechanisms and to increase the individuation of patients potentially benefitting from future disease-modifying therapies.
Competitive kill-and-restart and preemptive strategies for non-clairvoyant scheduling
Authors: Jäger Sven , Sagnol Guillaume , Schmidt genannt Waldschmidt Daniel , Warode Philipp 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We study kill-and-restart and preemptive strategies for the fundamental scheduling problem of minimizing the sum of weighted completion times on a single machine in the non-clairvoyant setting. First, we show a lower bound of 3 for any deterministic non-clairvoyant kill-and-restart strategy. Then, we give for any

$$b > 1$$

b
>
1

a tight analysis for the natural b-scaling kill-and-restart strategy as well as for a randomized variant of it. In particular, we show a competitive ratio of

$$(1+3\sqrt{3})\approx 6.197$$

(
1
+
3

3

)
≈
6.197

for the deterministic and of

$$\approx 3.032$$

≈
3.032

for the randomized strategy, by making use of the largest eigenvalue of a Toeplitz matrix. In addition, we show that the preemptive Weighted Shortest Elapsed Time First (WSETF) rule is 2-competitive when jobs are released online, matching the lower bound for the unit weight case with trivial release dates for any non-clairvoyant algorithm. Using this result as well as the competitiveness of round-robin for multiple machines, we prove performance guarantees smaller than 10 for adaptions of the b-scaling strategy to online release dates and unweighted jobs on identical parallel machines.
Stationäre Behandlung von Erwachsenen mit dissoziativen Anfällen in psychotherapeutisch ausgerichteten Stationen deutscher Epilepsiezentren
Authors: Finzel Martin , Miller Sarah , Winkler Christoph , Ehling Kirsten , Miller Inga , Redecker Tobias , Coban Ingrid , Helget Maria , Hänsel Margret , Fritzsche Karola , Schöndienst Martin , Straub Hans-Beatus 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungFür Patient*innen mit dissoziativen Anfällen bieten mehrere deutsche Epilepsiezentren ein spezialisiertes Programm auf ihren Therapiestationen für Erwachsene an. In diesem Beitrag wird auf die strukturellen Voraussetzungen, die Behandlungspfade und das multidisziplinäre modulare Therapieangebot für dieses komplexe Krankheitsbild im Grenzbereich zwischen Neurologie und Psychosomatik eingegangen. Abschließend wird in Kürze die aktuelle Studienlage zu den Behandlungsergebnissen dargestellt.
Frequency distribution of health disorders in primary care—its consistency and meaning for diagnostics and nomenclature
Authors: Fink Waltraud , Kasper Otto , Kamenski Gustav , Zehetmayer Sonja , Kleinbichler Dietmar , Konitzer Martin 
Published: July 2024

SummaryRN Braun observed that frequencies of health disorders in general practice are so consistent that he called his discovery “Case Distribution Law”. Our study compares morbidity data from methodologically similar surveys in primary care practices over a period of fifty years. Frequency ranks were determined for each observation period and the first 150 ranks were compared with Spearman’s correlation coefficients. All correlations were consistently positive. Frequency ranks were strikingly similar for surveys carried out at approximately the same time, especially when nomenclatural matching had been carried out before data collection. Ranks were also very similar where clear disease classifications were possible, but less so for non-specific symptoms.The consistency of the distribution of health disorders helps develop diagnostic strategies (diagnostic protocols) and appropriate labeling for non-specific, diagnostically open symptom classifications. According to Braun’s considerations, the regularity of case distribution plays an important role in the professionalization of primary care.
Stability of the Global Weak Axisymmetric Solution to the Quantum Euler System with Vorticity in Dimension $d=2$
Authors: Haspot Boris , Vassenet Marc-Antoine 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe consider the stability of the global weak solution of the Quantum Euler system in two space dimensions. More precisely, we establish compactness properties of global finite energy weak solution for large initial data provided that these are axisymmetric. The main novelty is that the initial velocity is not necessary irrotational when the density is not vanishing, our main argument is based on the Madelung transform which enables us to prove new Kato estimates on the irrotational part of the velocity.
Randomized greedy magic point selection schemes for nonlinear model reduction
Authors: Zimmermann Ralf , Cheng Kai 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAn established way to tackle model nonlinearities in projection-based model reduction is via relying on partial information. This idea is shared by the methods of gappy proper orthogonal decomposition (POD), missing point estimation (MPE), masked projection, hyper reduction, and the (discrete) empirical interpolation method (DEIM). The selected indices of the partial information components are often referred to as “magic points.” The original contribution of the work at hand is a novel randomized greedy magic point selection. It is known that the greedy method is associated with minimizing the norm of an oblique projection operator, which, in turn, is associated with solving a sequence of rank-one SVD update problems. We propose simplification measures so that the resulting greedy point selection has the following main features: (1) The inherent rank-one SVD update problem is tackled in a way, such that its dimension does not grow with the number of selected magic points. (2) The approach is online efficient in the sense that the computational costs are independent from the dimension of the full-scale model. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first greedy magic point selection that features this property. We illustrate the findings by means of numerical examples. We find that the computational cost of the proposed method is orders of magnitude lower than that of its deterministic counterpart. Nevertheless, the prediction accuracy is just as good if not better. When compared to a state-of-the-art randomized method based on leverage scores, the randomized greedy method outperforms its competitor.
Income and Sex Moderate the Association Between Population Density and Reproduction: A Multilevel Analysis of Life History Strategies Across 23 Nations
Authors: Yong Jose C. , Lim Chun Hui , Jonason Peter K. , Thomas Andrew G. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
While previous studies guided by evolutionary life history theory have revealed several important socioecological moderators of the influence of population density (PD) on reproduction, absent is an understanding of how individual-level factors such as personal resources and sex differences might interact and play a role. Using data from a large sample of clients (N = 4,432,440) of an online dating company spanning 317 states nested within 23 countries, we contributed a robust multilevel analysis of life history effects by assessing the interaction between state-level PD and individual-level income on offspring quantity, and we further qualified this analysis by sex. Consistent with previous research, PD was negatively correlated with having children. Consistent with our novel hypotheses, this negative relationship was moderated by income such that the link between PD and low fertility became weaker with increasing levels of income and these patterns were stronger for men than for women. These results held despite controlling for a variety of country-level, state-level, and individual-level confounds. Findings are discussed together with theoretical and practical implications for the management of fertility based on evolutionary life history perspectives.
Addressing non-economic loss and damage: learning from autonomous responses in Bangladesh
Authors: van Schie Douwe , Jackson Guy , Ranon Rawnak Jahan Khan , Mirza Afsara Binte , Hossain Md Fahad , Bakhtaoui Inès , Anderson Simon 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPeople in the Majority World disproportionately experience Loss and Damage (L&D) related to climate change. Policymakers and researchers are exploring ways to address L&D. However, significant knowledge gaps remain, including how to address what has been termed Non-Economic Loss and Damage (NELD). We contribute to filling this knowledge gap by analysing the NELD people are experiencing and by exploring autonomous responses to these impacts. This study took place in two regions of Bangladesh: the southwestern Shyamnagar Upazila and the northcentral Durgapur Upazila. We find that people autonomously formulate responses to various NELD from different climate-related hazards (e.g., droughts, floods, and heatwaves). In doing so, people rely on various factors, such as financial assets and social relationships, to respond to NELD. However, because marginalised groups and individuals have little capacity to respond, they are forced to adopt certain responses that further erode their well-being. Moving forward, interventions responding to NELD can identify, build on, support and complement some of these existing responses. We argue that strengthening the capacity of affected people will better enable people to formulate non-erosive responses to NELD.
Prioritizing test cases for deep learning-based video classifiers
Authors: Li Yinghua , Dang Xueqi , Ma Lei , Klein Jacques , Bissyandé Tegawendé F. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe widespread adoption of video-based applications across various fields highlights their importance in modern software systems. However, in comparison to images or text, labelling video test cases for the purpose of assessing system accuracy can lead to increased expenses due to their temporal structure and larger volume. Test prioritization has emerged as a promising approach to mitigate the labeling cost, which prioritizes potentially misclassified test inputs so that such inputs can be identified earlier with limited time and manual labeling efforts. However, applying existing prioritization techniques to video test cases faces certain limitations: they do not account for the unique temporal information present in video data. Unlike static image datasets that only contain spatial information, video inputs consist of multiple frames that capture the dynamic changes of objects over time. In this paper, we propose VRank, the first test prioritization approach designed specifically for video test inputs. The fundamental idea behind VRank is that video-type tests with a higher probability of being misclassified by the evaluated DNN classifier are considered more likely to reveal faults and will be prioritized higher. To this end, we train a ranking model with the aim of predicting the probability of a given test input being misclassified by a DNN classifier. This prediction relies on four types of generated features: temporal features (TF), video embedding features (EF), prediction features (PF), and uncertainty features (UF). We rank all test inputs in the target test set based on their misclassification probabilities. Videos with a higher likelihood of being misclassified will be prioritized higher. We conducted an empirical evaluation to assess the performance of VRank, involving 120 subjects with both natural and noisy datasets. The experimental results reveal VRank outperforms all compared test prioritization methods, with an average improvement of 5.76%$$\sim $$
∼
46.51% on natural datasets and 4.26%$$\sim $$
∼
53.56% on noisy datasets.
High-intensity care for GDMT titration
Authors: Biegus Jan , Pagnesi Matteo , Davison Beth , Ponikowski Piotr , Mebazaa Alexander , Cotter Gadi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHeart failure (HF) is a systemic disease associated with a high risk of morbidity, mortality, increased risk of hospitalizations, and low quality of life. Therefore, effective, systemic treatment strategies are necessary to mitigate these risks. In this manuscript, we emphasize the concept of high-intensity care to optimize guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) in HF patients. The document highlights the importance of achieving optimal recommended doses of GDMT medications, including beta-blockers, renin–angiotensin–aldosterone inhibitors, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, and sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors to improve patient outcomes, achieve effective, sustainable decongestion, and improve patient quality of life. The document also discusses potential obstacles to GDMT optimization, such as clinical inertia, physiological limitations, comorbidities, non-adherence, and frailty. Lastly, it also attempts to provide possible future scenarios of high-intensive care that could improve patient outcomes.
Interest and its associations with university entrance grades, lecturers’ perceived support, and student dropout
Authors: Wild Steffen , Rahn Sebastian , Meyer Thomas 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMotivation decreases in higher education programs and is associated with dropout. Consequently, analyzing the development of motivation and subsequent student behavior is needed. We focused on factors that influence subject interest through the cognitive–rational aspect (university entrance grades) as well as the emotional aspect (perceived support from lecturers) and associated these variables with student dropout. We used data from 2301 co-op students in their first academic year collected by cross-sectional survey and university administration. We identified direct effects of interest, support, and university entrance grade on dropout rates and found that interest mediates lecturers’ perceived support and student dropout.
On Semirealism, Realism More Generally, and Underlying Epistemic Stances
Authors: Chakravartty Anjan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe commentators in this Special Issue on ‘Epistemology, ontology, and scientific realism’ raise substantial questions about, and objections to, central aspects of my own thinking about semirealism (a proposal for how best to formulate scientific realism), as well as the larger philosophical context in which debates about scientific realism unfold. This larger context concerns the nature of realism more generally and the epistemic stances that underlie our considered opinions of what the sciences are telling us about the ontology of the world. In this paper, I consider my critics’ remarks, and endeavor to lay their criticisms to rest.
Investigation of structural, elastic, thermal, magnetic, optical, and photocatalytic properties of nanosized Mg-Mn-Li ferrites
Authors: Assar S. T. , Asal N. A. , Moharram B. M. , Okba Ehab A. , Hatem O. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNanoferrites of (Mn1-xMgx)0.8Li0.1Fe2.1O4 (x: 0–1.0, step 0.2) were synthesized by the sol–gel autocombustion method. The structural properties of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, particle size analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The X-ray diffraction patterns for the samples establish the nanoscale (38–54 nm) pure-phase spinel cubic structure (Fd-$$\bar{3}$$

3

̅

m). Also, the particle size analysis results demonstrate the narrow distribution of their particle sizes, which range from 10 to 33 nm. The impact of Mg2+ ion concentration on the thermal, elastic, magnetic, and optical properties of these samples was studied. The saturation magnetization decreases from 56.9 to 31.1 emu/g, and the coercivity increases from 65.8 to 106.8G with the addition of Mg2+ ions, showing thin S-shaped hysteresis loops revealing the samples’ soft magnetic behavior. Thermal results indicate that these samples are interesting candidates for thermoelectric applications due to their noticeably lower thermal conductivity, which ranges from 0.3572 to 0.5881 W/mK. The optical band gap values determined by using ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy range from 5.11 to 5.25 eV, where quantum confinement for crystallite size triggers a larger band gap. As the concentration of Mg2+ ions increases, their ability to degrade methyl green dye under ultraviolet radiation for 100 min rises from 13.6 to 61.1% with the addition of H2O2, an indication of their photocatalytic activity. Moreover, the optimum ferrite sample, Mn0.4Mg0.4Li0.1Fe2.1O4, maintained its photocatalytic efficiency for at least six reaction cycles.
Graphical Abstract