bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using the eurostat-OECD definition of high-growth firms: a cautionary note
Authors: Daunfeldt Sven-Olov , Johansson Dan , Halvarsson Daniel 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– High-growth firms (HGFs) have attracted an increasing amount of attention from researchers and policymakers, and the Eurostat-Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) definition of HGFs has become increasingly popular. The paper aims to discuss this issue.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors use a longitudinal firm-level data set to analyze the implications of using the Eurostat-OECD definition.

Findings
– The results indicate that this definition excluded almost 95 percent of surviving firms in Sweden, and about 40 percent of new private jobs during 2005-2008.

Research limitations/implications
– The proportion of small firms and their growth patterns differ across countries, and the authors therefore advise caution in using this definition in future studies.

Practical implications
– Policy based on the Eurostat-OECD definition of HGFs might be misleading or even counterproductive.

Originality/value
– No previous studies have analyzed the implications of using the Eurostat-OECD definition of HGFs.
Computing value-at-risk using genetic algorithm
Authors: Sharma Bhanu , Thulasiram Ruppa K. , Thulasiraman Parimala 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– Value-at-risk (VaR) is a risk measure of potential loss on a specific portfolio. The main uses of VaR are in risk management and financial reporting. Researchers are continuously looking for new and efficient ways to evaluate VaR, and the 2008 financial crisis has given further impetus to finding new and reliable ways of evaluating and using VaR. In this study, the authors use genetic algorithm (GA) to evaluate VaR and compare the results with conventional VaR techniques.

Design/methodology/approach
– In essence, the authors propose two modifications to the standard GA: normalized population selection and strict population selection. For a typical set of simulation, eight chromosomes were used each with eight stored values, and the authors get eight values for VaR.

Findings
– The experiments using data from four different market indices show that by adjusting the volatility, the VaR computed using GA is more conservative as compared to those computed using Monte Carlo simulation.

Research limitations/implications
– The proposed methodology is designed for VaR computation only. This could be generalized for other applications.

Practical implications
– This is achieved with much less cost of computation, and hence, the proposed methodology could be a viable practical approach for computing VaR.

Originality/value
– The proposed methodology is simple and, at the same time, novel that could have far-reaching impact on practitioners.
Correspondence as a documentary form, its persistent representation, and email management, preservation, and access
Authors: Zhang Jane 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– The aim of this paper is to construct a systematic way of thinking about correspondence as a documentary form and discuss the role its persistent representation features play in management, preservation and access of email correspondence.

Design/methodology/approach
– Using the method of diplomatic analysis as a guiding theory, the paper conducts a historical review of correspondence recordkeeping and email systems in the American context, analyzes the evolution of its persistent representation features and discusses the implications on current email management and archival practices.

Findings
– Correspondence as a document form and its persistent representation features have played an important role in traditional correspondence recordkeeping and electronic mail management. The design of systems to manage, preserve and access email records should reflect the characteristics and functionality of email records, capable of retaining email correspondence as a documentary form supported by its persistent representation features.

Research limitations/implications
– The research in this paper mostly covers secondary sources with a regional focus. The analysis covers important historical developments in correspondence and email recordkeeping and archival practices. The study uses examples of email archives available online, and further research can be developed when more email archival collections are processed and constructed.

Originality/value
– A systematic analysis of persistent representation of traditional correspondence and electronic mail provides a useful perspective to reflect on the characteristics of correspondence as a document form and offers some food for thought for records management and archival professionals and assists them in developing systems to better manage, preserve and provide access to email correspondence.
Diplomatics in China
Authors: Pan Weimei 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to explore if there is an analogous discipline in China to diplomatics.

Design/methodology/approach
– A comparison method is used for the exploration. Five Chinese disciplines are chosen for the comparison, which are Wenxian xue, Bianwei xue, Dangan jianbian xue, Wenshu xue and Gu wenshu xue. The diplomatics, as discussed in this paper, is modern diplomatics, as exemplified in the work of Dr Luciana Duranti.

Findings
– It was found that while there is no such Chinese discipline identical to diplomatics, its knowledge is distributed among several Chinese disciplines. This indicates the common concern and efforts in the West and East and the potential for the further development of diplomatics as a global discipline.

Research limitations/implications
– The disciplines this paper has examined are what this author is aware of that share certain similarities with diplomatics and the discussion is based on this author’s understanding; thus, it is possible that there are disciplines that this author did not know or the understanding is insufficient to reveal all the connections between diplomatics and these disciplines. Further research from other perspectives might be needed.

Originality/value
– To the author’s best knowledge, this is the first paper in English comparing Chinese diplomatic disciplines with diplomatics. It has also shed some light on the development of several Chinese disciplines.
Object-oriented diplomatics
Authors: Jansen Adam 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to present a conceptual methodology, named herein as object-oriented diplomatics, based on a presentation given by the author at the Digital Diplomatics 2014 conference. This methodology centers on building digital records capable of supporting their authenticity over time and when removed from their original systems by extending archival diplomatics theory by leveraging object-oriented programming (OOP) principles.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper presents new method for supporting the presumption of authenticity of digital records through extending archival diplomatics concepts into OOP principles when creating digital records within a record-keeping system.

Findings
– This paper is based on a preliminary research being conducted during the design of a government digital archives. This concept was used as a core design element for their digital archives and has thus far shown great promise in articulating and encapsulating those essential data elements that support the presumption of authenticity across a wide diversity of record types.

Originality/value
– This paper presents a new approach to support the presumption of authenticity of digital records by utilizing concepts from archival diplomatics leveraged with OOP principles. It is the hope of the author that this paper will initiate a deeper collaboration between archives and records management professionals and software developers in the design and implementation of digital repositories.
French legal framework of digital evidence
Authors: Meissonnier Antoine , Banat-Berger Françoise 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this article is to describe the development of the French legal framework of digital evidence. The ongoing transformations of information in an electronic environment reconsidered fixity and stability of writing. The society needed to construct a new way for guaranteeing records’ authenticity and integrity, considering the necessity of conserving record’s probative value through time. That is the reason why France has published different legal texts since 2000 for establishing some rules.

Design/methodology/approach
– The article is mainly focused on acts and decrees which constitute this legal framework. It resumes content of the main texts and highlights the great evolutions of French legal framework of digital evidence.

Findings
– The article showcases two main approaches for guaranteeing records probative value in French Law: one is based on information systems security, and the other is based on electronic signature. Both approaches can be complementary. Their principles are not so different as far as the conclusions of InterPARES work.

Originality/value
– This work makes a link between French Law studies and academic archival studies. It showcases the development of principles guaranteeing records’ authenticity and integrity with many quotations from French legal texts.
Expanding the applicability of FDM-type technologies through materials development
Authors: Roberson David , Shemelya Corey M , MacDonald Eric , Wicker Ryan 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the strategy for increasing the applicability of material extrusion additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, based on fused deposition modeling (FDM), through the development of materials with targeted physical properties. Here, the authors demonstrate materials specifically developed for the manufacture of electromechanical and electromagnetic applications, the use of FDM-type processes in austere environments and the application of material extrusion AM.

Design/methodology/approach
– Using a twin screw polymeric extrusion process, novel polymer matrix composites and blends were created where the base material was a material commonly used in FDM-type processes, namely, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) or polycarbonate (PC).

Findings
– The work presented here demonstrates that, through targeted materials development, the applicability of AM platforms based on FDM technology can be increased. Here, the authors demonstrate that that the physical properties of ABS and PC can be manipulated to be used in several applications such as electromagnetic and X-ray shielding. Other instances of the development of new materials for FDM led to mitigation of problems associated with the process such as surface finish and mechanical property anisotropy based on build orientation.

Originality/value
– This paper is an overview of a research effort dedicated to increasing the amount of material systems available to material extrusion AM. Here materials development is shown to not only increase the number of suitable applications for FDM-type processes, but to be a pathway toward solving inherent problems associated with FDM such as surface finish and build orientation-caused mechanical property anisotropy.
Effect of second-phase doping on laser deposited Al2O3 ceramics
Authors: Niu Fangyong , Wu Dongjiang , Ma Guangyi , Zhou Siyu , Zhang Bi 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate how a second-phase doping may affect Al2O3 ceramic parts deposited by additive manufacturing (AM) with a laser-engineered net shaping system. Direct fabrication of engineering ceramic components by AM is a relatively new method for producing complex mechanical structures.

Design/methodology/approach
– In this study, ZrO2 and Y2O3 powders are, respectively, doped into Al2O3 powders at the eutectic ratio as second phases to improve the quality of a deposited part. The deposited Al2O3, Al2O3/ZrO2 and Al2O3/YAG (yttrium aluminum garnet) parts are examined for their micro-structures and micro-hardness, as well as defects.

Findings
– The experimental results show that doping of ZrO2 or Y2O3 as a second phase performs a significant role in suppressing cracks and in refining grains of the laser-deposited parts. The micro-hardness investigation reveals that the second-phase doping does not result in much hardness reduction in Al2O3 and the two eutectic ceramics are both harder than 1,500 Hv.

Originality/value
– The study concludes that the second-phase doping of ZrO2 and Y2O3 is good for improving laser-deposited Al2O3 ceramic parts.
A survey of sensing and control systems for machine and process monitoring of directed-energy, metal-based additive manufacturing
Authors: Reutzel Edward W , Nassar Abdalla R 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to surveys classic and recently developed strategies for quality monitoring and real-time control of laser-based, directed-energy deposition.Additive manufacturing of metal parts is a complex undertaking. During deposition, many of the process variables that contribute to overall build quality – such as travel speed, feedstock flow pattern, energy distribution, gas pressure, etc. – are subject to perturbations from systematic fluctuations and random external disturbances.

Design/methodology/approach
– Sensing and control of laser-based, directed-energy metal deposition is presented as an evolution of methods developed for welding and cladding processes. Methods are categorized as sensing and control of machine variables and sensing and control of build attributes. Within both categories, classic methods are presented and followed by a survey of novel developments.

Findings
– Additive manufacturing would not be possible without highly automated, computer-based controllers for processing and motion. Its widespread adoption for metal components in critical applications will not occur without additional developments and integration of machine- and process-based sensing systems to enable documentation, and control of build characteristics and quality. Ongoing work in sensing and control brings us closer to this goal.

Originality/value
– This work serves to introduce researchers new to the field of additive manufacturing to common sources of process defects during metal powder-based, directed-energy deposition processing, and surveys sensing and control methods being investigated to improve the process. The work also serves to highlight, and stress the significance of novel developments in the field.
Design of real-time filter for the wheel force transducer
Authors: Wang Dong , Lin Guoyu , Zhang Weigong 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– Wheel force transducers (WFTs) have performance characteristics that make them attractive for applications in endurance evaluation of road vehicles, ride and handling optimization, tire development and vehicle dynamics. As a WFT is mounted on the the driven wheel, the loads on the wheel and the outputs of WFTs are usually nonlinearly related. Thus, a real-time filter is needed to measure the true loads on the wheel.

Design/methodology/approach
– In this paper, a new nonlinear filtering algorithm utilizing quadrature Kalman filter (QKF) is proposed to track the actual loads in real time through establishing the specific observation equations with Singer models.

Findings
– The simulation results show that the accuracy and the rapidity of QKF outperforms the capability of the unscented Kalman filter (UKF). Then, the dynamic tests on the MTS testing platform give the comparisons between the real-time QKF and the wavelet transform, where the former has superior dynamic accuracy. Finally, the practical tests of shifting and braking on a real vehicle confirm the effectiveness of QKF, which further validates the proposed method fitting reality.

Originality/value
– In this paper, a newly improved algorithm with QKF for WFT has been proposed and tested experimentally. As the wheel loads are always time-varying and complex, introducing Gaussian noise in the outputs of the transducer, WFT-suitable Singer model and WFT measurement equation base on a QKF are established. The experiment results show that QKF has advanced performance than the traditional UKF. Also, the road wheel test bed produced by MTS has been exploited as the test platform to demonstrate the dynamic efficiency of the proposed real-time filter under various operating conditions for a wide range of loads. And, the practical tests with the real vehicle are accomplished to verify the value and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Evaluation of four methods of assigning species and genus to medically important bacteria using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis
Authors: Park Geon , Jin Won‐Young , Jang Sook‐Jin , Kook Joong‐Ki , Choi Ji Ae , Park Gyun Cheol , Lee Min‐Jung , Park Soon‐Nang , Li Xue Min , Cho Seong‐Sig , Jang Chul Ho , Kang Seong‐Ho , Moon Dae‐Soo 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTThe four methods for assigning bacterial species are the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), modified CLSI (mCLSI), phylogenetic analysis (PA) and closest match (CM) methods, these are used to identify the genus and species using 16S rRNA gene sequence results. In this study, the results of identification by these four methods of 37 aerobic reference strains, 30 anaerobic reference strains, 15 Acinetobacter reference strains and 167 Acinetobacter clinical strains were compared. The rates of accurate identification to the species level using the CLSI, mCLSI, PA and CM methods were as follows: 24.3, 86.5, 86.5 and 89.2%, respectively, for the 37 aerobic reference strains; 73.3%, 96.7%, 90.0% and 93.3%, respectively, for the 30 anaerobic reference strains; 40.0%, 93.3%, 100% and 93.3%, respectively, for the 15 Acinetobacter reference strains; and 53.9%, 90.4%, 95.8% and 90.4%, respectively, for the 167 Acinetobacter clinical strains. The rates of accurate identification to the genus level using the CLSI, mCLSI, PA, and CM methods were as follows: 91.9%, 91.9%, 94.6% and 91.9%, respectively, for the 37 aerobic reference strains; 100%, 100%, 100% and 100%, respectively, for all of the 30 anaerobic reference strains, 15 Acinetobacter reference strains and the 167 Acinetobacter clinical strains. The mCLSI is the most practical and pragmatic method for identification of species based on 16S rRNA sequences for hospital, research or industry laboratories because it performs well and involves a simple procedure.
Habitat fragmentation alters the properties of a host–parasite network: rodents and their helminths in South‐East Asia
Authors: Bordes Frédéric , Morand Serge , Pilosof Shai , Claude Julien , Krasnov Boris R. , Cosson Jean‐François , Chaval Yannick , Ribas Alexis , Chaisiri Kittipong , Blasdell Kim , Herbreteau Vincent , Dupuy Stéphane , Tran Annelise 
Published: March 2015

SummaryWhile the effects of deforestation and habitat fragmentation on parasite prevalence or richness are well investigated, host–parasite networks are still understudied despite their importance in understanding the mechanisms of these major disturbances. Because fragmentation may negatively impact species occupancy, abundance and co‐occurrence, we predict a link between spatiotemporal changes in habitat and the architecture of host–parasite networks.For this, we used an extensive data set on 16 rodent species and 29 helminth species from seven localities of South‐East Asia. We analysed the effects of rapid deforestation on connectance and modularity of helminth–parasite networks. We estimated both the degree of fragmentation and the rate of deforestation through the development of land uses and their changes through the last 20 to 30 years in order to take into account the dynamics of habitat fragmentation in our statistical analyses.We found that rapid fragmentation does not affect helminth species richnessper sebut impacts host–parasite interactions as the rodent–helminth network becomes less connected and more modular.Our results suggest that parasite sharing among host species may become more difficult to maintain with the increase of habitat disturbance.
Quantitative Phase Analysis by the Rietveld Method for Forensic Science
Authors: Deng Fei , Lin Xiaodong , He Yonghong , Li Shu , Zi Run , Lai Shijun 
Published: March 2015

AbstractQuantitative phase analysis (QPA) is helpful to determine the type attribute of the object because it could present the content of the constituents.QPAby Rietveld method requires neither measurement of calibration data nor the use of an internal standard; however, the approximate crystal structure of each phase in a mixture is necessary. In this study, 8 synthetic mixtures composed of potassium nitrate and sulfur were analyzed by RietveldQPAmethod. The Rietveld refinement was accomplished with a material analysis using diffraction program and evaluated by three agreement indices. Results showed that RietveldQPAyielded precise results, with errors generally less than 2.0% absolute. In addition, a criminal case which was broken successfully with the help of RietveldQPAmethod was also introduced. This method will allow forensic investigators to acquire detailed information of the material evidence, which could point out the direction for case detection and court proceedings.
Contribution of Antemortem Computed Tomography Findings to Cause of Death Determination: An Unusual Fatal Stroke
Authors: Rérolle Camille , Pucheux Julien , Lefrancq Thierry , Barrault Céline , Saint‐Martin Pauline 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn the case reported here, the antemortem computed tomography scan (CT scan) was essential in the forensic investigation. A 32‐year‐old man was found fully awake with a facial abrasion, after what seemed to be a car accident. He lost consciousness suddenly one hour after initial management. Successive CT scan showed a facial fracture and a metallic foreign body in the carotid canal associated with an occlusion/dissection of the left internal carotid, a pseudoaneurysm, and a carotid‐cavernous fistula. The victim died from a stroke. Autopsy confirmed that the facial abrasion was a gunshot entrance wound, the metallic foreign body being a projectile. Intracranial vascular injuries linked with gunshot wounds are most of the time isolated and due to pelet embolism. The observed vascular injury association has never been described in the existing literature. The CT scan provided a better understanding of the chronology of events that led to death.
Ontogeny of Size and Shape Sexual Dimorphism in the Pubis: A Multislice Computed Tomography Study by Geometric Morphometry
Authors: Bilfeld Marie Faruch , Dedouit Fabrice , Sans Nicolas , Rousseau Hervé , Rougé Daniel , Telmon Norbert 
Published: March 2015

AbstractFew studies have been conducted to determine sex differences in the immature coxal bone and the results were often contradictory. The authors studied sexual dimorphic differences of the pubis using geometric morphometric analysis of five osteometric landmarks recorded by multislice computed tomography (MSCT), based on three‐dimensional reconstructions of 188 children (95 boys, 93 girls) living in the region of Toulouse, southwestern France, ranging in age from 1 to 18 years old. They used geometric morphometric methodology first to test sexual dimorphism in size (centroid size) and shape (Procrustes residuals) and second to examine patterns of shape change with age (development) and size change with age (growth). Based on statistical significance test results, the pubic shape became sexually dimorphic at 13 years old, although visible shape differences were observed as early as 9 years old. This work showed that the trajectories of pubis shape (development) and size (growth) differed throughout ontogeny and between sexes.