bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agency costs of vertical integration—the case of family firms, investor‐owned firms and cooperatives in the French wine industry
Authors: Cadot Julien 
Published: January 2015

AbstractVertical integration theory has long suggested internal costs related to changes in incentives due to vertical integration, which means that vertical integration may lead to agency costs. In this work, we specify the notion of agency costs of vertical integration and extend Ang et al. (2000)'s measurement of agency costs to provide an empirical assessment of these costs in the French wine industry. Our econometric analysis finds that the agency costs of vertical integration may reach 2–3% of sales. It also showed that operating expenses of vertical integration are lower for cooperatives than for other firms, while vertical integration is less rewarding for them. This raises questions on the relation between agency costs in cooperatives and their performance.
Forceps: towards obsolescence or revival?
Authors: Dietz Hans Peter 
Published: January 2015

AbstractCesarean section rates have become a political issue, attracting the attention of governments, health bureaucrats and professional organizations. In some instances this has led to a renewed interest in forceps delivery, even Kielland's rotational forceps. It is suggested that calls for a greater use of forceps, especially rotational forceps, are ill‐advised and commonly based on ignorance of recent urogynecological and imaging literature. Forceps use is associated with a much higher likelihood of major maternal trauma, especially to the anal sphincter and levator ani muscles, which may result in substantial future morbidity. Hence, its use should be avoided whenever possible. This is particularly obvious for rotational forceps.
In vitro interaction of some drug combinations to inhibit rapidly growing mycobacteria isolates from cats and dogs and these isolates' susceptibility to cefovecin and clofazimine
Authors: Bennie CJM , To JLK , Martin PA , Govendir M 
Published: January 2015

ObjectivesTo investigate whether selected drug combinations used to treat rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) have drug–drug interactions that affect efficacy and to investigate each isolate's susceptibility to cefovecin and clofazimine, individually.DesignIn vitro susceptibility testing of bacterial isolates.MethodsInitially, five feline isolates and one canine isolate from bothMycobacterium fortuitumandM. smegmatisclusters (n = 12) underwent microbroth susceptibility testing to individual drugs to establish minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of cefovecin, ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, clofazimine, doxycycline, enrofloxacin, trimethoprim and sulfanilamide (the latter two as a combination). Checkerboard assays were then performed for susceptibleM. smegmatisisolates for the following combinations: clarithromycin (one isolate only) versus enrofloxacin, clarithromycin vs doxycycline, clarithromycin vs trimethoprim/sulfanilamide; enrofloxacin vs doxycycline (six isolates); enrofloxacin vs trimethoprim/sulfanilamide (six isolates). SusceptibleM. fortuitumisolates were tested against enrofloxacin versus doxycycline (four isolates only).ResultsAll sixM. fortuitumisolates were susceptible to enrofloxacin, but only four of six were susceptible to doxycycline. All sixM. smegmatisisolates were susceptible to doxycycline, enrofloxacin and trimethoprim/sulfanilamide. A single isolate from the 12, aM. smegmatisisolate, was susceptible to clarithromycin. The fractional inhibitory concentration of each drug ranged from 0.64 to 1.84, indicating that neither synergism nor antagonism was evident. All 12 isolates were resistant to cefovecin. The clofazimine MIC50to inhibit isolate growth was approximately 3.3 μg/mL for both strains.ConclusionDrugs commonly used for treatment ofRGM, when tested as combinations, do not appear to antagonise one another in vitro. Cefovecin is not efficacious for treatment ofRGMinfections.
Wear of permanent incisors with age on commercial Australian Angora goat farms
Authors: McGregor BA , Butler KL 
Published: January 2015

ObjectiveTo quantify if, and to what extent, permanent incisor wear differed with age of goat and farm of origin on commercial Australian Angora goat farms.DesignObservations were made on three Angora goat farms in the wheat–sheep zone of Victoria, each managed according to the farmer's practices. Farmers provided a representative flock of does.MethodsThe proportion and pattern of wear of permanent incisors were recorded and percentage wear calculated. After log(y + 10) transformation, a parsimonious general linear model was developed to relate wear to farm and age, with age considered as a continuous variate.ResultsThe range in wear of the permanent incisors was 0–100%. For each farm, the most parsimonious model for permanent first incisor wear and average wear of all permanent incisors was a separate straight line relating the transformed incisor wear to the age of doe. The models accounted for 66–73% of variance. On each farm the incisor wear was similar and low for ages up to approximately 4 years. On all farms, the amount of incisor wear increased dramatically with age, although the rate of increase differed with each farm.ConclusionsPermanent incisor wear increased with age of goat and differed with farm of origin. Angora goat farmers need to be aware of the potential for incisor wear to affect doe production and health.
Industry opinion on the likely routes of introduction of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome into Australia from south‐east Asia
Authors: Brookes VJ , Hernández‐Jover M , Holyoake P , Ward MP 
Published: January 2015

ObjectiveTo assess industry expert opinion on the likely occurrence of entry and exposure routes relevant to a potential incursion of highly pathogenic (HP) porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus from south‐east Asia to Australia.DesignExpert opinion elicitation of pig‐industry stakeholders using a face‐to‐face questionnaire.ResultsPig industry experts identified exposure routes involving the disposal of food waste to have the highest probability of occurrence. They were also concerned about the exposure of commercial pigs to humans acting as fomites of PRRS virus, and to feed and additives imported from south‐east Asia. They did not consistently agree on the probability of occurrence of entry routes.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that the expert elicitation technique was useful in rapidly assessing opinion from a large group of pig industry experts regarding exposure of pigs in Australia to HP‐PRRS virus. The results of this survey were used to direct a risk assessment of an incursion of HP‐PRRS.
Fentanyl Pharmacokinetics in Pregnant Sheep after Intravenous and Transdermal Administration to the Ewe
Authors: Heikkinen Emma M. , Voipio Hanna‐Marja , Laaksonen Sakari , Haapala Linnea , Räsänen Juha , Acharya Ganesh , Erkinaro Tiina , Haapsamo Mervi , Hautajärvi Heidi , Kokki Hannu , Kokki Merja , Heikkinen Aki T. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractFentanyl is used for pain treatment during pregnancy in human beings and animals. However, fentanyl pharmacokinetics during pregnancy has not been fully established. The aim of this study was to characterize fentanyl pharmacokinetics in pregnant sheep after intravenous and transdermal dosing during surgical procedure performed to ewe and foetus. Pharmacokinetic parameters reported for non‐pregnant sheep and nominal transdermal dose rate were utilized fora prioricalculation to achieve analgesic fentanyl concentration (0.5–2 ng/ml) in maternal plasma. A total of 20 Aland landrace ewes at 118–127 gestational days were used. In the first protocol, 1 week before surgery, 10 animals received 2 μg/kg fentanyl intravenous bolus, and on the operation day, transdermal fentanyl patches at nominal dose rate of 2 μg/kg/hr were applied to antebrachium, and ewes were then given a 2 μg/kg intravenous bolus followed by an intra‐operative 2.5 μg/kg/hr infusion. In the second protocol, 10 animals received fentanyl only as transdermal patches on the operation day and oxycodone for rescue analgesia. The data were analysed with population pharmacokinetic modelling. Intra‐ and post‐operative fentanyl concentrations were similar and slightly lower than thea prioripredictions, and elimination and distribution clearances appeared slower during than before or after the surgery. Transdermal patches provided sustained fentanyl absorption for up to 5 days, but the absorption rate was slower than the nominal dose rate and showed a high interindividual variability. Further research is warranted to evaluate the clinical relevance of the observations made in sheep.
Autonomous and controlled motivation for eating disorders treatment: Baseline predictors and relationship to treatment outcome
Authors: Carter Jacqueline C. , Kelly Allison C. 
Published: January 2015

ObjectiveThis study aimed to identify baseline predictors of autonomous and controlled motivation for treatment (ACMT) in a transdiagnostic eating disorder sample, and to examine whether ACMT at baseline predicted change in eating disorder psychopathology during treatment.MethodParticipants were 97 individuals who metDSM‐IV‐TRcriteria for an eating disorder and were admitted to a specialized intensive treatment programme. Self‐report measures of eating disorder psychopathology,ACMT, and various psychosocial variables were completed at the start of treatment. A subset of these measures was completed again after 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks of treatment.ResultsMultiple regression analyses showed that baseline autonomous motivation was higher among patients who reported more self‐compassion and more received social support, whereas the only baseline predictor of controlled motivation was shame. Multilevel modelling revealed that higher baseline autonomous motivation predicted faster decreases in global eating disorder psychopathology, whereas the level of controlled motivation at baseline did not.ConclusionThe current findings suggest that developing interventions designed to foster autonomous motivation specifically and employing autonomy supportive strategies may be important to improving eating disorders treatment outcome.Practitioner pointsThe findings of this study suggest that developing motivational interventions that focus specifically on enhancing autonomous motivation for change may be important for promoting eating disorder recovery.Our results lend support for the use of autonomy supportive strategies to strengthen personally meaningful reasons to achieve freely chosen change goals in order to enhance treatment for eating disorders.One study limitation is that there were no follow‐up assessments beyond the 12‐week study and we therefore do not know whether the relationships that we observed persisted after treatment.Another limitation is that this was a correlational study and it is therefore important to be cautious about making causal conclusions when interpreting the results.
Hokanson, Brad & Gibbons, Andrew ed (2013) Design in educational technologySpringer (Berlin) isbn 978‐3‐319‐00926‐1 283 pp £90 http://www.springer.com/education+%26+language/learning+%26+instruction/book/978‐3‐319‐00926‐1
Authors: Janes Diane P 
Published: January 2015

SummaryHere is a well written and well edited book with focus on the concept of design in modern educational technology practice. It is for both new and experienced designers; those new to the field might find opportunities to expand their practice, while experienced designers will find affirmation of many past practices and the opportunity to explore new ideas for future projects. If you think this book is likely to be of value to you, I suggest you buy your own copyDiane P Janes
Killick, David (2015) Developing the global studentRoutledge (New York & London) isbn 978‐0‐415‐72805‐8 209 pp £26.99 http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415728058/
Authors: Latchem Colin 
Published: January 2015

SummaryHere is a thoughtful, very readable, and well researched exploration of the concepts behind, and the pursuit and achievement of, learning outcomes commensurate with intercultural awareness, intercultural competence and making higher education fit for a global era. The book also includes reflective questions for the reader and selected resources and links to support practice. If the content of this book is likely to be relevant to you, I recommend that you arrange to borrow a copy for a while.Colin Latchem
Ritzhaubt, Albert D & Kumar, Swapna ed (2013) Cases on educational technology implementation for facilitating learningIGI Global (Hershey & Eurospan, London) isbn 978‐1‐46663‐676‐7 470 pp £140 http://www.igi‐global.com/book/cases‐educational‐technology‐implementation‐facilitating/72158
Authors: Martin Marie 
Published: January 2015

SummaryHere we have a practical and persuasive book. It seeks to help educators in all sectors integrate teaching and learning resources seamlessly and productively into their courses and programmes by providing twenty‐one real‐life case studies. These cover a diverse range of topics, challenges and contexts from which educators can select to meet their particular implementation needs. Note, however, that this US book has a US view of the nature of “educational technology”. You might wish to arrange to borrow a copy.Marie Martin
Vogt, W Paulet al (2014) Selecting the right analyses for your dataGuilford Press (New York, & Routledge, London) isbn 978‐1‐4625‐1576‐9 500 pp £36.99 http://www.guilfordpress.co.uk/books/details/9781462515769/
Authors: Cannell Pete 
Published: January 2015

SummaryThis is a highly recommended book, as it comprehensively covers coding and analysis of both quantitative and qualitative data. It is useful for novice and experienced researchers developing skills and as a reference book. If it's something you're likely to need often, I recommend you buy a copy.Pete Cannel
Anxiolytic‐like and anxiogenic‐like effects of nicotine are regulated via diverse action at β2*nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
Authors: Anderson S M , Brunzell D H 
Published: January 2015

Background and PurposeNicotine dose‐dependently activates or preferentially desensitizes β2 subunit containing nicotinic ACh receptors (β2*nAChRs). Genetic and pharmacological manipulations assessed effects of stimulation versus inhibition of β2*nAChRs on nicotine‐associated anxiety‐like phenotype.Experimental ApproachUsing a range of doses of nicotine in β2*nAChR subunit null mutant mice (β2KO; backcrossed to C57BL/6J) and their wild‐type (WT) littermates, administration of the selective β2*nAChR agonist, 5I‐A85380, and the selective β2*nAChR antagonist dihydro‐β‐erythroidine (DHβE), we determined the behavioural effects of stimulation and inhibition of β2*nAChRs in the light–dark and elevated plus maze (EPM) assays.Key ResultsLow‐dose i.p. nicotine (0.05 mg·kg−1) supported anxiolysis‐like behaviour independent of genotype whereas the highest dose (0.5 mg·kg−1) promoted anxiogenic‐like phenotype in WT mice, but was blunted in β2KO mice for the measure of latency. Administration of 5I‐A85380 had similar dose‐dependent effects in C57BL/6J WT mice; 0.001 mg·kg−1 5I‐A85380 reduced anxiety on an EPM, whereas 0.032 mg·kg−1 5I‐A85380 promoted anxiogenic‐like behaviour in both the light–dark and EPM assays. DHβE pretreatment blocked anxiogenic‐like effects of 0.5 mg·kg−1 nicotine. Similarly to DHβE, pretreatment with low‐dose 0.05 mg·kg−1 nicotine did not accumulate with 0.5 mg·kg−1 nicotine, but rather blocked anxiogenic‐like effects of high‐dose nicotine in the light–dark and EPM assays.Conclusions and ImplicationsThese studies provide direct evidence that low‐dose nicotine inhibits nAChRs and demonstrate that inhibition or stimulation of β2*nAChRs supports the corresponding anxiolytic‐like or anxiogenic‐like effects of nicotine. Inhibition of β2*nAChRs may relieve anxiety in smokers and non‐smokers alike.
The endoplasmic reticulum stress and the HIF‐1 signalling pathways are involved in the neuronal damage caused by chemical hypoxia
Authors: López‐Hernández Beatriz , Ceña Valentin , Posadas Inmaculada 
Published: January 2015

Background and PurposeHypoxia inducible factor‐1 (HIF‐1) promotes transitory neuronal survival suggesting that additional mechanisms such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress might be involved in determining neuronal survival or death. Here, we examined the involvement of ER stress in hypoxia‐induced neuronal death and analysed the relationship between ER stress and the HIF‐1 pathways.Experimental ApproachCultures of rat cortical neurons were exposed to chemical hypoxia induced by 200 μM CoCl2, and its effect on neuronal viability was assessed by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and counting apoptotic nuclei. Protein levels were determined by Western blot analysis. RT‐PCR was performed to analyse the content and the t1/2 of HIF‐1α mRNA.Key ResultsChemical hypoxia induced neuronal apoptosis in a time‐dependent manner and activated the ER stress PRK‐like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)‐dependent pathway. At later stages, chemical hypoxia increased the expression of the C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and caspase 12 activity. CoCl2 reduced HIF‐1α mRNA t1/2 leading to a decrease in HIF‐1α mRNA and protein content, simultaneously activating the ER stress PERK‐dependent pathway. Salubrinal, a selective inhibitor of phospho‐eIF2α phosphatase, protected neurons from chemical hypoxia by reducing CHOP levels and caspase 12 activity, and increasing the t1/2 of HIF‐1α mRNA and the levels of HIF‐1α protein. Knocking down HIF‐1α blocked the neuroprotective effects of salubrinal.Conclusions and ImplicationsNeuronal apoptosis induced by chemical hypoxia is a process regulated by HIF‐1α stabilization early on and by ER stress activation at later stages. Our data also suggested that HIF‐1α levels were regulated by ER stress.
Editorial: Child and Adolescent Mental Health: a global challenge
Authors: Day Crispin 
Published: January 2015

Welcome to the first issue of Child and Adolescent Mental Health of 2015. A pleasure of being an editor of this journal is the sheer breadth and diversity of papers that we receive. The best papers not only share the achievements and successes of new research and innovation but also shed light on the complex struggles and challenges involved in helping children and young people overcome the emotional, behavioural and other mental health difficulties they endure. Child and Adolescent Mental Health aims to publish high quality health services research that informs, influences and transforms the quality and effectiveness of the mental health care available to children, young people, their parents and families.When placed in the global context outlined by Patel and Rahman (2015) in this issue, the scale of this task is daunting. Nearly half of the world's population are under the age of 18 and only a small fraction of the global mental health resources currently available are invested in child and adolescent mental health care across low, medium and high income countries. Patel and Rahman (2015) argue that the step change needed to transform global child mental health requires a bold agenda that mobilises community assets, such as lay health workers, harnesses the use of mobile and electronic health technologies alongside more conventional improvement in access and effectiveness of both universal and specialist services from early life onwards. This agenda resonates for children and young people in high income countries as much as it does for those living in low and middle income countries.Child and Adolescent Mental Health needs to reflect the global challenge of children and young people's mental health. This issue contains papers from authors based in Australia, Brazil, India, Italy, Ireland, Turkey, the UK and the USA, each of which uses scientific methods to make an informed contribution to clinical practice.
Children's Increased Emotional Egocentricity Compared to Adults Is Mediated by Age‐Related Differences in Conflict Processing
Authors: Hoffmann Ferdinand , Singer Tania , Steinbeis Nikolaus 
Published: January 2015

This study investigated the cognitive mechanisms underlying age‐related differences in emotional egocentricity bias (EEB) between children (aged 7–12 years, n = 30) and adults (aged 20–30 years, n = 30) using a novel paradigm of visuogustatory stimulation to induce pleasant and unpleasant emotions. Both children and adults showed an EBB, but that of children was larger. The EEB did not correlate with other measures of egocentricity. Crucially, the developmental differences in EEB were mediated by age‐related changes in conflict processing and not visual perspective taking, response inhibition, or processing speed. This indicates that different types of egocentricity develop independently of one another and that the increased ability to overcome EEB can be explained by age‐related improvements in conflict processing.
Cross‐Ethnic Friendships and Intergroup Attitudes Among Asian American Adolescents
Authors: Chen Xiaochen , Graham Sandra 
Published: January 2015

This study examined cross‐ethnic friendship choices and intergroup attitudes in a sample of 762 sixth‐grade Asian American students (Mage = 11.5 years) attending 1 of 19 middle schools that varied in ethnic composition. Multiple measures of friendship (quantity and quality) and intergroup attitudes (affective, cognitive, behavioral) toward White, Latino, and Black grademates were assessed. The results showed that Asian American students overnominated White students and undernominated Latino and Black students as their friends when school availability of each ethnic group was accounted for. Cross‐ethnic friendships were related to better intergroup attitudes, especially the behavioral dimension of attitudes. Cross‐ethnic friendships were least likely to change attitudes toward Blacks. Implications for future research, educational practice, and attitude intervention programs were discussed.
Peri‐Implant Bone Regeneration Using rhPDGF‐BB, BMSCs, and β‐TCP in a Canine Model
Authors: Xu Ling , Zhang Wenjie , Lv Kaige , Yu Weiqiang , Jiang Xinquan , Zhang Fuqiang 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe presence of insufficient bone volume remains a major clinical problem for dental implant placement to restore oral function. Tissue engineering provides a promising approach for inducing bone regeneration and enhancing osseointegration in dental implants.PurposeThe tissue‐engineered bone consisting of recombinant human platelet‐derived growth factor (rhPDGF‐BB), bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs), and beta‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) particles was validated for the first time in a preclinical large animal canine model in terms of its ability to promote new bone formation around the implants, as well as osseointegration between the tissue‐engineered bone and dental implants.Materials and MethodsProliferation and osteogenic differentiation of canine BMSCs treated with rhPDGF‐BB were evaluated with an MTT, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, Alizarin Red staining, and real‐time quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR) analysis of osteogenic genes. The therapeutic potential of tissue‐engineered bone consisting of rhPDGF‐BB/BMSCs/β‐TCP in bone repair was evaluated in mesial‐implant defects of immediate postextraction implants in the canine mandible.ResultsrhPDGF‐BB treatment significantly increased proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of canine BMSCs. Furthermore, the tissue‐engineered bone consisting of rhPDGF‐BB/BMSCs/β‐TCP significantly enhanced bone formation and osseointegration.ConclusionThis study provides important evidence that supports the potential application of rhPDGF‐BB/BMSCs/β‐TCP tissue‐engineered bone in immediate implantation for oral function restoration.