bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A phase 1 study of heat/phenol‐killed, E. coli‐encapsulated, recombinant modified peanut proteins Ara h 1, Ara h 2, and Ara h 3 (EMP‐123) for the treatment of peanut allergy
Authors: Wood R. A. , Sicherer S. H. , Burks A. W. , Grishin A. , Henning A. K. , Lindblad R. , Stablein D. , Sampson H. A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundImmunotherapy for peanut allergy may be limited by the risk of adverse reactions.ObjectiveTo investigate the safety and immunologic effects of a vaccine containing modified peanut proteins.MethodsThis was a phase 1 trial of EMP‐123, a rectally administered suspension of recombinant Ara h 1, Ara h 2, and Ara h 3, modified by amino acid substitutions at major IgE‐binding epitopes, encapsulated in heat/phenol‐killed E. coli. Five healthy adults were treated with 4 weekly escalating doses after which 10 peanut‐allergic adults received weekly dose escalations over 10 weeks from 10 mcg to 3063 mcg, followed by three biweekly doses of 3063 mcg.ResultsThere were no significant adverse effects in the healthy volunteers. Of the 10 peanut‐allergic subjects [4 with intermittent asthma, median peanut IgE 33.3 kUA/l (7.2–120.2), and median peanut skin prick test wheal 11.3 mm (6.5–18)]; four experienced no symptoms; one had mild rectal symptoms; and the remaining five experienced adverse reactions preventing completion of dosing. Two were categorized as mild, but the remaining three were more severe, including one moderate reaction and two anaphylactic reactions. Baseline peanut IgE was significantly higher in the five reactive subjects (median 82.4 vs 17.2 kUA/l, P = 0.032), as was baseline anti‐Ara h 2 IgE (43.3 versus 8.3, P = 0.036). Peanut skin test titration and basophil activation (at a single dilution) were significantly reduced after treatment, but no significant changes were detected for total IgE, peanut IgE, or peanut IgG4.ConclusionsRectal administration of EMP‐123 resulted in frequent adverse reactions, including severe allergic reactions in 20%.
Retinal vascular calibres are significantly associated with cardiovascular risk factors: the Tromsø Eye Study
Authors: von Hanno Therese , Bertelsen Geir , Sjølie Anne K. , Mathiesen Ellisiv B. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract.Purpose:  To describe the association between retinal vascular calibres and cardiovascular risk factors.Methods:  Population‐based cross‐sectional study including 6353 participants of the Tromsø Eye Study in Norway aged 38–87 years. Retinal arteriolar calibre (central retinal artery equivalent) and retinal venular calibre (central retinal vein equivalent) were measured computer‐assisted on retinal photographs. Data on blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) and low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and smoking were collected. Association between retinal vessel calibre and the cardiovascular risk factors was assessed by multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses.Results:  Retinal arteriolar calibre was independently associated with age, blood pressure, HbA1c and smoking in women and men, and with HDL cholesterol in men only. Blood pressure had the strongest effect on arteriolar calibre, with a decrease in calibre of 3.6 μm (women)/4.1 μm (men) per standard deviation increase in mean arterial blood pressure. Retinal venular calibre was independently associated with age, blood pressure, BMI, HDL and LDL cholesterol and smoking in men and women. The effect of BMI and HDL cholesterol on venular calibre was significantly stronger in men than in women. Current smoking was the most important factor for venular calibre, where smokers had 13.2 μm (women)/15.2 μm (men) wider calibre than nonsmokers.Conclusion:  All the explored cardiovascular risk factors were independently associated with retinal vascular calibre, with stronger effect of HDL cholesterol and BMI in men than in women. Blood pressure and smoking contributed most to the explained variance.
Short (8‐mm) locking‐taper implants supporting single crowns in posterior region: a prospective clinical study with 1‐to 10‐years of follow‐up
Authors: Mangano Francesco Guido , Shibli Jamil Awad , Sammons Rachel Lilian , Iaculli Flavia , Piattelli Adriano , Mangano Carlo 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the long‐term outcome of short (8‐mm) locking‐taper implants supporting single crowns in the posterior regions and to analyze the influence of different factors on implant survival and implant‐crown success rates.Materials and methodsBetween June 2002 and September 2011, all patients referred to two private practices for treatment with short (8‐mm) implants supporting single tooth restorations in posterior areas of both jaws were considered for inclusion in this study. At each annual follow‐up session, clinical and radiographic parameters were assessed. Implant‐crown success criteria included absence of pain, suppuration, mobility, and peri‐implant radiolucency, distance between the implant shoulder and the first visible bone‐to‐implant contact (DIB) <1.5 mm after 12 months and not exceeding 0.2 mm for each following year, absence of prosthetic complications. The cumulative survival and implant‐crown success were assessed using the Kaplan–Meier survival estimator; Chi‐square test was applied to evaluate correlations between the study variables. The statistical analysis was performed at the patient and at the implant level.ResultsTwo hundred and fifteen implants (124 maxilla; 91 mandible) were placed in 194 patients (104 men; 90 women). Three implants failed (2 maxilla; 1 mandible). The 10‐year cumulative survival rate was 98.4% (patient‐based) and 98.5% (implant‐based). Among the surviving implants, the mean DIB was 0.31 (±0.24), 0.43 (±0.29), and 0.62 (±0.31) mm at the 1‐, 5‐, and 10‐year follow‐up session; two biologic and three prosthetic complications were reported, for a 10‐year cumulative implant‐crown success rate of 95.8% (patient‐based) and 95.9% (implant‐based). The implant survival and implant‐crown success rates did not differ significantly with respect to patients' gender, age, smoking habit, parafunctional habit, implant location, implant diameter, and bone type.ConclusionsThe use of short (8‐mm) locking‐taper implants is a predictable treatment modality for the restoration of single tooth gaps of posterior segments of dentition.
Placement of a triple‐layered covered versus uncovered metallic stent for palliation of malignant gastric outlet obstruction: A multicenter randomized trial
Authors: Maetani Iruru , Mizumoto Yoshinori , Shigoka Hiroaki , Omuta Shigefumi , Saito Michihiro , Tokuhisa Junya , Morizane Toshio 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundUsually, uncovered self‐expandable metallic stents (SEMS) are used for palliation of malignant gastric outlet obstruction (GOO). A triple‐layered covered SEMS is reported to be efficacious, but its performance has not been compared with uncovered SEMS. The present study is the first to compare the efficacy and safety of a triple‐layered covered versus uncovered SEMS.Patients and MethodsA multicenter randomized study was conducted in two tertiary referral centers, with 62 eligible patients with symptomatic GOO to receive covered (n = 31) or uncovered SEMS (n = 31). The primary endpoint was SEMS patency, and secondary endpoints were success rate and adverse events after complete follow up.ResultsBoth groups had a technical success rate of 100% and comparable clinical success rates (P = 0.67). There was nostatistically significant difference in stent patency and adverse events between the two groups (P = 0.52 and P = 0.38, respectively). Although the occurrence rate of persistent obstructive symptoms was comparable (P = 0.42), that of recurrent obstructive symptoms was higher in the uncovered group (29% vs 3.6%, P = 0.0125). Patient survival did not differ between groups (P = 0.34).ConclusionThere was no statistically significant difference in stent patency, but use of a triple‐layered covered SEMS was associated with less frequent stent dysfunction more than 4 weeks after stenting, despite similar short‐term outcomes.
New bone formation around xenogenic dentin grafts to rabbit tibia marrow
Authors: Al‐Asfour Adel , Andersson Lars , Kamal Mohammad , Joseph Bobby 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPurposeFrom traumatology, it is well known that dentoalveolar ankylosis results in osseous replacement and formation of new bone. This principle is used after decoronation for preservation of the height and width of the alveolar bone crest after trauma. Dentin possesses bone‐forming properties and may possibly also be used as a bone augmentation material prior to implant placement. The aim of this study was to investigate whether xenogenic dentin particles inserted into the marrow space of rabbit tibia, a space where there is no solid bone tissue initially, would contribute to new bone formation.Materials and MethodsDentin chips from human teeth were inserted into tibias of ten New Zealand rabbits. The tibial bones were processed for histology after 6 months, and new bone formation was quantified.ResultsBone formation was ranging from 0 to 86% on the dentin fragments, and there was minor inflammation. Bone formation was seen to a larger extent on dentin grafts located close to the native tibial bone wall. There was a significant correlation (r = −0.579, P < 0.001) between the amount of bone formation around the dentin graft and distance to the tibial cortical wall.ConclusionDentin promotes new bone formation when located close to native cortical bone and may have a potential as a bone augmentation material.
Behavioural Flexibility and Personality in Zebra Finches
Authors: Brust Vera , Wuerz Yvonne , Krüger Oliver 
Published: April 2013

AbstractConsistent individual differences in behaviour of animals, that is, personalities, are both widespread and widely studied, but very few studies also include cognitive traits in this context. Animal personality has recently been integrated into the pace‐of‐life‐syndrome hypothesis, relating individual behavioural traits to life history. Variation in cognitive traits could be explained well by this theoretical framework. A risk‐reward trade‐off might lead to different cognitive types: Active birds that learn fast, take risks and probably have a fast lifestyle and less active, slow learning birds that are risk averse but thereby perform better in reversal learning as they probably pay more attention to external cues. We investigated the performance of zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) in a cognitively challenging reversal learning task and linked this to two personality traits: activity and fearfulness. Male birds were better in reversal learning than females. While no personality‐related differences occurred in the initial learning of our task, more active and fearful birds relearned the cue–reward association faster. While birds of different sex might have revealed different risk‐taking strategies in the training, our findings do not reveal the expected direction of a risk‐reward trade‐off in the reversal learning. It seems likely that a more general and personality‐related cognitive ability might improve performance across different tasks. The linkage between personality and cognition documented here could hence suggest that cognitive traits are indeed part of an overall pace‐of‐life syndrome.
Are there radiologically identifiable prodromal changes inThoroughbred racehorses with parasagittal fractures of the proximal phalanx?
Authors: Smith M. R. W. , Wright I. M. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryReasons for performing studyFractures of the proximal phalanx are generally considered to result from monotonic supraphysiological loads, but radiological observations from clinical cases suggest there may be a stress‐related aetiology.ObjectivesTo determine whether there are radiologically identifiable prodromal changes inThoroughbred racehorses with confirmed parasagittal fractures of the proximal phalanx.Study designRetrospective cross‐sectional study.MethodsCase records and radiographs ofThoroughbred racehorses with parasagittal fractures of the proximal phalanx were analysed. Thickness of the subchondral bone plate was measured in fractured and contralateral limbs, and additional radiological features consistent with prodromal fracture pathology documented.ResultsThe subchondral bone plate was significantly thicker in affected than in contralateral limbs. Evidence of additional prodromal fracture pathology was observed in 15/110 (14%) limbs with parasagittal fractures, and in 4% of contralateral limbs.ConclusionsThe results of this study are not consistent with monotonic loading as a cause of fracture in at least a proportion of cases, but suggest a stress‐related aetiology. Increased thickness of the subchondral bone plate may reflect (failed) adaptive changes that precede fracture.Potential relevanceBetter understanding of the aetiology of fractures of the proximal phalanx may help develop strategies to reduce the risk of fracture.TheSummary is available inChinese – seeSupporting information.
The art of blocking ADP‐ribosyltransferases (ARTs): Nanobodies as experimental and therapeutic tools to block mammalian and toxin ARTs
Authors: Menzel Stephan , Rissiek Björn , Haag Friedrich , Goldbaum Fernando A. , Koch‐Nolte Friedrich 
Published: April 2013

In 1901, the first Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Emil von Behring for his ground‐breaking discovery of serum therapy: serum from horses vaccinated with toxin‐containing culture medium of Corynebacterium diphtheriae contained life‐saving ‘antitoxins’. The molecular nature of the ADP‐ribosylating toxin and the neutralizing antibodies were unraveled only 50 years later. Today, von Behring's antibody therapy is being refined with a new generation of recombinant antibodies and antibody fragments. Nanobodies, which are single‐domain antibodies derived from the peculiar heavy‐chain antibodies of llamas and other camelids, are emerging as a promising new class of highly specific enzyme inhibitors. In this review, we illustrate the potential of nanobodies as tools to block extracellular and intracellular ADP‐ribosyltransferases (ARTs), using the toxin‐related membrane‐bound mammalian ecto‐enzyme ARTC2 and the actin‐ADP‐ribosylating Salmonella virulence plasmid factor B toxin of Salmonella enterica as examples.
Is there a core set of organisms that structure macroinvertebrate assemblages in freshwater wetlands?
Authors: Batzer Darold P. , Ruhí Albert 
Published: April 2013

Summary

We analysed taxa lists from 447 individual wetlands from several ecoregions across the world using nestedness and similarity‐based multivariate analyses. We examined how similar wetland assemblages are across regions, whether variation in assemblages is ordered (nested) or unpredictable (idiosyncratic), whether individual taxa occur predictably or unpredictably across wetland habitats, and if any of these patterns differed between temporary‐ and permanent water habitats.

We found that macroinvertebrate assemblages were highly nested (N = 0.947), but unexpectedly 37 of the 40 most widespread taxa (>10% occurrence) were idiosyncratic.

Of the 447 wetlands, we identified 277 that shared more than 40% similarities in assemblages, were mostly nested, and clustered together in ordination space, and thus could be considered a core set of wetlands in terms of assemblage structure. Assemblages in the 170 wetlands outside this core (mostly idiosyncratic) tended to be depauperate sites in arid or high elevation areas, or alternatively taxonomically rich sites supporting numerous lotic or lacustrine organisms.

The ‘Core’ itself split into two main parts, one comprised of wetlands from semi‐arid or mild climate areas dominated by strong flying insects, and the second comprised of wetlands from wetter, more northerly areas where non‐insects with passive dispersal were very prevalent. Climate and geology appear to be major controls on macroinvertebrate distributions across the set of 447 wetlands. Hydrology (temporary versus permanent) of wetlands was a lesser control on assemblage structure over the set of 447 wetlands.

That wetlands are dominated by about 40 widely‐occurring macroinvertebrate taxa, and those taxa tend to occur idiosyncratically, suggests that overall assemblages across wetlands may share many similarities, but some of widespread taxa may still be missing from many individual wetlands. Why these otherwise fairly ubiquitous taxa do not occur in specific wetlands may shed important light on how those wetlands are controlled ecologically; in other words, do sites lack specific factors required by these taxa?
Global deglaciation and the re‐appearance of microbial matground‐dominated ecosystems in the late Paleozoic of Gondwana
Authors: Buatois L. A. , Netto R. G. , Gabriela Mángano M. , Carmona N. B. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe extensive matgrounds in Carboniferous‐Permian open‐marine deposits of western Argentina constitute an anachronistic facies, because with the onset of penetrative bioturbation during the early Paleozoic microbial mats essentially disappeared from these settings. Abundant microbially induced sedimentary structures in the Argentinean deposits are coincident with the disappearance of trace and body fossils in the succession and with a landward facies shift indicative of transgressive conditions. Deposits of the Late Carboniferous–Early Permian glacial event are well developed in adjacent basins in eastern Argentina, Brazil, South Africa and Antarctica, but do not occur in the western Andean basins of Argentina. However, the deglaciation phase is indirectly recorded in the studied region by a rapid rise in sea level referred to as the Stephanian‐Asselian transgression. We suggest that an unusual release of meltwater during the final deglaciation episode of the Gondwana Ice Age may have dramatically freshened peri‐Gondwanan seas, impacting negatively on coastal and shallow‐marine benthic faunas. Suppression of bioturbation was therefore conducive to a brief re‐appearance of matground‐dominated ecosystems, reminiscent of those in the precambrian. Bioturbation is essential for ecosystem performance and plays a major role in ocean and sediment geochemistry. Accordingly, the decimation of the mixed layer during deglaciation in the Gondwana basins may have altered ecosystem functioning and geochemical cycling.
Fluid inclusion evidence for a genetic link between simple antimony veins and giant silver veins in the Coeur d'Alene mining district, ID and MT, USA
Authors: Hofstra A. H. , Marsh E. E. , Todorov T. I. , Emsbo P. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe US Antimony mine in west central Montana is the United States' second largest quartz–stibnite vein deposit with production and reserves of about 15.4 kt of antimony. It is in the Mesoproterozoic Belt Basin on the eastern side of the Coeur d'Alene mining district that is known for its world class Ag, Pb, and Zn veins. To advance understanding of the origin and relation of the simple quartz–stibnite veins in the Prichard Formation to the giant Ag‐rich tetrahedrite veins in the Revett and St. Regis Formations, fluid inclusions in quartz from the US Antimony mine were characterized using a variety of single inclusion and bulk analysis techniques. The measured Sb concentrations in fluid inclusions (approximately 2000 ppm) agree with equilibrium models for stibnite‐saturated fluids at the measured homogenization temperatures (224–263°C), salinities (approximately 5 wt.% NaCl), H2S concentrations (<0.001 mole%), and near neutral pH indicated by sericitic alteration. The aqueous‐carbonic fluid inclusions in quartz from the US Antimony mine have P‐T‐X that are similar to previous results on fluid inclusions from the giant silver veins in the district. The assemblage and abundance of trace elements and ore metals (Sb > As > Fe > Pb > Zn > Cu > Ag) in fluid inclusions from the US Antimony mine support previous interpretations, based upon Pb isotopes, that the quartz–stibnite veins are genetically related to the Ag‐rich tetrahedrite veins. In particular, the measured range of Ag concentrations in US Antimony fluid inclusions brackets that calculated on the basis of equilibrium with tetrahedrite in the silver veins. These data clearly show that hydrothermal fluids in the Prichard Formation contained metals that were fixed at shallower levels in the Revett and St. Regis Formations. We surmise that both the antimony and silver veins formed in response to Cretaceous magmatism, prograde metamorphism of the lower Prichard Formation, and episodic discharge of metamorphic fluids along dilatant faults. Ascending fluids deposited quartz and stibnite in the upper Prichard Formation and siderite, quartz, and tetrahedrite at shallower levels in the Revett and St. Regis Formations in response to cooling, decompression, phase separation, and mixing with external fluids.
FASTER: an unsupervised fully automated sleep staging method for mice
Authors: Sunagawa Genshiro A. , Séi Hiroyoshi , Shimba Shigeki , Urade Yoshihiro , Ueda Hiroki R. 
Published: April 2013

Identifying the stages of sleep, or sleep staging, is an unavoidable step in sleep research and typically requires visual inspection of electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG) data. Currently, scoring is slow, biased and prone to error by humans and thus is the most important bottleneck for large‐scale sleep research in animals. We have developed an unsupervised, fully automated sleep staging method for mice that allows less subjective and high‐throughput evaluation of sleep. Fully Automated Sleep sTaging method via EEG/EMG Recordings (FASTER) is based on nonparametric density estimation clustering of comprehensive EEG/EMG power spectra. FASTER can accurately identify sleep patterns in mice that have been perturbed by drugs or by genetic modification of a clock gene. The overall accuracy is over 90% in every group. 24‐h data are staged by a laptop computer in 10 min, which is faster than an experienced human rater. Dramatically improving the sleep staging process in both quality and throughput FASTER will open the door to quantitative and comprehensive animal sleep research.
miR‐145 suppresses cell invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma cells: miR‐145 targets ADAM17
Authors: Yang Xue‐wei , Zhang Long‐juan , Huang Xiao‐hui , Chen Lian‐zhou , Su Qiao , Zeng Wen‐tao , Li Wen , Wang Qian 
Published: April 2013

AimmiR‐145 is a candidate tumor suppressor miRNA. However, it is unknown whether miR‐145 is involved in the invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore, we aimed to explore the effect and mechanism of miR‐145 in the control of HCC cell invasion.MethodsHCC cell invasion was evaluated by transwell assays after transfection with pre‐miR‐145 or anti‐miR‐145. A luciferase reporter assay was used to determine whether a disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17) were a target of miR‐145. The levels of miR‐145 and ADAM17 mRNA were detected by a real‐time polymerase chain reaction assay, and the level of ADAM17 protein was measured by western blot analysis. Pearson's correlation test was used to assess the correlation between ADAM17 mRNA expression and miR‐145 expression in 20 HCC tissue samples.ResultsmiR‐145 was significantly downregulated in HCC tissues and cell lines. The loss of miR‐145 expression was associated with the tumor–node–metastasis stage, vascular invasion and intrahepatic metastasis. The overexpression of miR‐145 was able to suppress tumor MHCC‐97H cell invasion, whereas the knockdown of miR‐145 expression induced SMMC‐7721 cell invasion. We demonstrated that miR‐145 bound directly to the 3′‐untranslated region of ADAM17 and inhibited the expression of ADAM17. The knockdown of ADAM17 in SMMC‐7721 cells could partially reverse the effects of anti‐miR‐145. miR‐145 expression was inversely associated with ADAM17 expression in 20 HCC tissue specimens.ConclusionOur findings indicate that miR‐145 could inhibit HCC cell invasion by regulating the expression of ADAM17.