bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seaweed‐ZnO composite for better antibacterial properties
Authors: Pandimurugan R. , Thambidurai S. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTBrown seaweed Padina tetrastromatica (PTS)‐Zinc oxide (ZnO) composites were prepared by chemical precipitation method. The characteristic peaks of PTS and ZnO were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. X‐ray diffraction study was confirmed the formation of ZnO with hexagonal wurtzite phase. Surface morphology and particle's distribution of ZnO were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Transmission Electron microscopy image reveals that ZnO nanorods are in the size range of 14–164 nm having uniformly blended with polysaccharide of seaweed. Ultraviolet‐Visible absorption spectra indicated the sharp absorption peak at 219 nm and broad absorption peak in the 250–350 nm range. Fluorescence spectra shows the broad blue‐violet emissions is around at 380–480 nm. Because of the interaction between polysaccharide and ZnO nanorods/particles, the prepared seaweed‐ZnO composite exhibit better antibacterial activity than pure ZnO nanoparticles. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40948.
Does oral care contribute to brain activation?: One case of functional near‐infrared spectroscopy study in patients with a persistent disturbance of consciousness
Authors: Fujii Wataru , Kanamori Daisuke , Nagata Chisato , Sakaguchi Kiyomi , Watanabe Risa 
Published: May 2014

Key Clinical MessageWe used functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to measure cerebral blood flow during oral care in a patient with persistent disturbance of consciousness. We experienced that cerebral blood flow to frontal area increased during oral care, suggesting that oral care may have a potential role in rehabilitation for the brain.
Access to 1,2‐Dihydroisoquinolines through Gold‐Catalyzed Formal [4+2] Cycloaddition
Authors: Xin Zhuo , Kramer Søren , Overgaard Jacob , Skrydstrup Troels 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA new synthetic route to the privileged 1,2‐dihydroisoquinolines is reported. This method, which relies on a gold‐catalyzed formal [4+2] cycloaddition between ynamides and imines, provides a new retrosynthetic disconnection of the 1,2‐dihydroisoquinoline core by installing the 1,8a CC and 2,3 CN bonds in one step. Both aldimines and ketimines can be used as substrates. In addition, one example of dihydrofuropyridine synthesis is also demonstrated.
A Multistate pH‐Triggered Nonlinear Optical Switch
Authors: Castet Frédéric , Champagne Benoît , Pina Fernando , Rodriguez Vincent 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBy using hyper‐Rayleigh scattering experiments and quantum‐chemical calculations, we demonstrate that nonlinear optics can be used to probe unequivocally, within a non‐destructive process, the multiple electronic states that are activated upon pH‐ and light‐triggered transformations of the 4′‐hydroxyflavylium ion. These results open new perspectives in the design of molecular‐scale high‐density optical memory.
Impact of extreme hydrologic disturbance upon the sediment carbon quality in agriculturally impacted temperate streams
Authors: Ford William I. , Fox James F. , Rowe Harry 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe impact of extreme hydrologic disturbances on the quality of fine particulate organic carbon (FPOC) associated with sediments in low‐gradient, agriculturally impacted streams remains poorly understood despite the significance of the FPOC pool to benthic food webs, organic matter budgets and nutrient cycles. We estimated immediate and long‐term impacts of an extreme flow disturbance on FPOC quality using a 5‐year dataset of the stable carbon isotopic signature and a new metric for carbon quality. Results of the study show that the stable isotopic signature of sediment carbon is significantly enriched in the year following the extreme event, which reflects the streams response to accrual of degraded soil carbon. Further, our FPOC metric was found to be inversely proportional to the isotopic signature, suggesting an immediate shift of the benthic ecosystem to lower quality carbon that is retained for more than 1 year before recovering to the pre‐disturbance state. Following recovery, results show that the benthic ecosystem exports FPOC with quality that oscillates seasonally – the lowest quality observed in late spring and the highest quality in late fall. Although studies have addressed the response of high‐quality algal biomass to fluvial shearing, this study is the first to assess the response of high‐quality FPOC to an extreme hydrologic disturbance characterized by sediment deposition in an agriculturally impacted stream. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relationship between heart rate and mortality and morbidity in the irbesartan patients with heart failure and preserved systolic function trial (I‐Preserve)
Authors: Böhm Michael , Perez Ana‐Cristina , Jhund Pardeep S. , Reil Jan C. , Komajda Michel , Zile Michael R. , McKelvie Robert S , Anand Inder S , Massie Barry M. , Carson Peter E. , McMurray John J. V. ,   on behalf of the I‐Preserve Committees and Investigators
Published: May 2014

BackgroundHigher heart rate is associated with poorer outcomes in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HF‐REF). Less is known about the association between heart rate and outcomes in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction (HF‐PEF). Therefore, we examined the relationship between heart rate and outcomes in the irbesartan in patients with heart failure and preserved systolic function trial (I‐Preserve) in patients with an ejection fraction >45% aged >60 years.Methods and resultsHeart rate was analysed as both a categorical (tertiles) and continuous variable. Patients in sinus rhythm (n = 3271) and atrial fibrillation (n = 696) were analysed separately. The outcomes examined were the primary endpoint of the trial (all‐cause death or cardiovascular hospitalization), the composite of cardiovascular death or heart failure hospitalization (and its components) and all‐cause death alone. Higher heart rate was associated with a significantly higher risk of all outcomes studied for patients in sinus rhythm, even after adjustment for other prognostic variables, including N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide. Each standard deviation (12.4 bpm) increase in heart rate was associated with an increase in risk of 13% for cardiovascular death or heart failure hospitalization (P = 0.002). No relationship between heart rate and outcomes was observed for patients in atrial fibrillation. Beta‐blocker treatment did not reduce the heart rate–risk relationship.ConclusionsIn patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction, heart rate is in sinus rhythm an independent predictor of adverse clinical outcomes and might be a therapeutic target in this syndrome.Clinical Trial Registration – URL http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT 0095238
Highly Enantioselective Michael Addition of Malonates to β‐CF3‐β‐(3‐Indolyl)nitroalkenes: Construction of Trifluoromethylated All‐Carbon Quaternary Stereogenic Centres
Authors: Ma Chun‐Hui , Kang Tai‐Ran , He Long , Liu Quan‐Zhong 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA family of γ‐nitrobutyric acid esters bearing an all‐carbon quaternary stereogenic centre have been synthesized. Chiral thioureas catalysed the conjugate addition of malonates to nitroalkenes containing a trifluoromethyl and indole motif at the β‐position to afford the corresponding γ‐nitrobutyric acid esters in good yields (up to 89 % yield) and with good to excellent enantioselectivities (up to 90 % ee). This protocol provides an efficient access to optically enriched γ‐amino acids and β‐disubstituted γ‐butyrolactams.
Influence of Different Biological Environments on Serotonin (5‐HT) Electrochemical Behavior at Gold Screen Printed Electrodes
Authors: Di Carlo Gabriella , Trani Alessandro , Zane Daniela , Ingo Gabriel Maria , Pasquali Mauro , Dell'Era Alessandro , Curulli Antonella 
Published: May 2014

AbstractSerotonin is a key neurotransmitter, present in the brain, blood and gastrointestinal tract. Due to the interest in measuring this important biogenic amine in these various environments, electrochemical recordings were carried out in PBS buffer, 0.5 % w/v mucin and 5 % w/v albumin on Screen Printed Gold Electrodes (SPAuEs) bare and modified with gold nanoparticles (AuNps), for better understanding the influence of the matrix on the stability of recordings The results suggest that the proteins resulted protective against electrode fouling, compared to PBS buffer, which enhanced the rate of such a fouling.
Sensing Asthma with Portable Devices Equipped with Ultrasensitive Sensors Based on Electrospun Nanomaterials
Authors: Macagnano Antonella , Bearzotti Andrea , De Cesare Fabrizio , Zampetti Emiliano 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe use of sensors and sensing devices in breath analysis is a very recent achievement in medicine. In this study, a portable pre‐industrial device capable of monitoring NO in lung exhaled in respect to the ATS/ERS guidelines was designed and manufactured. The proposed equipment, called NOESIS, involved the use of a conductive polymer doped with nanofibres of an electrospun metal oxide, and was characterised by high sensing features, low power consumption, cost‐effectiveness and cheapness. The properties of the sensor and the strategies utilised to achieve such results in that device are here reported and discussed.
Evaluation of amino acid ester‐based ionic liquids as buffer additives in CE for the separation of 2‐arylpropionic acids nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs
Authors: Mavroudi Maria C. , Kapnissi‐Christodoulou Constantina P. 
Published: May 2014

The aim of the present study is the CE performance evaluation for the separation of 2‐arylpropionic acid nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs. In particular, the separation of indoprofen, carprofen, ketoprofen, ibuprofen, and flurbiprofen was obtained by supporting the BGE either with SDS or an amino acid ester‐based ionic liquid (AAIL). The performance of these additives was evaluated by comparing migration times, efficiencies and %RSD values. The addition of the AAIL into the BGE provided baseline separation within 10 min, while in the case of SDS, the analytes eluted within 23 min. The optimum conditions involve a BGE of 100 mM Tris/10 mM sodium tetraboratedecahydrate (pH 8) and 40 mM l‐alanine tert butyl ester lactate or 10 mM SDS and a temperature of 35°C for AAIL and 20°C for SDS. The run‐to‐run reproducibility was evaluated by computing the %RSD values of the EOF and the analyte peaks. When the AAIL was used, an excellent reproducibility was obtained, since all %RSD values were below 1.3%. On the contrary, the addition of SDS resulted in much higher RSD values (2.1–11.7%). The efficiency values of all analyte peaks were above 102 000 for l‐AlaC4Lac, in comparison to SDS, which provided efficiency values between 47000 and 76000. Finally, in an attempt to study the synergistic effect of SDS and AAIL, both additives were added into the BGE at concentrations of 10 and 40 mM, respectively. The results were similar to the ones obtained when SDS was used as the sole additive.
The Forecasting Performance of a Finite Mixture Regime‐Switching Model for Daily Electricity Prices
Authors: Chen Dipeng , Bunn Derek 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTForecasting prices in electricity markets is a crucial activity for both risk management and asset optimization. Intra‐day power prices have a fine structure and are driven by an interaction of fundamental, behavioural and stochastic factors. Furthermore, there are reasons to expect the functional forms of price formation to be nonlinear in these factors and therefore specifying forecasting models that perform well out‐of‐sample is methodologically challenging. Markov regime switching has been widely advocated to capture some aspects of the nonlinearity, but it may suffer from overfitting and unobservability in the underlying states. In this paper we compare several extensions and alternative regime‐switching formulations, including logistic specifications of the underlying states, logistic smooth transition and finite mixture regression. The finite mixture approach to regime switching performs well in an extensive, out‐of‐sample forecasting comparison. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Atomic dynamic functional interaction patterns for characterization of ADHD
Authors: Ou Jinli , Lian Zhichao , Xie Li , Li Xiang , Wang Peng , Hao Yun , Zhu Dajiang , Jiang Rongxin , Wang Yufeng , Chen Yaowu , Zhang Jing , Liu Tianming 
Published: May 2014

AbstractModeling abnormal temporal dynamics of functional interactions in psychiatric disorders has been of great interest in the neuroimaging field, and thus a variety of methods have been proposed so far. However, the temporal dynamics and disease‐related abnormalities of functional interactions within specific data‐driven discovered subnetworks have been rarely explored yet. In this work, we propose a novel computational framework composed of an effective Bayesian connectivity change point model for modeling functional brain interactions and their dynamics simultaneously and an effective variant of nonnegative matrix factorization for assessing the functional interaction abnormalities within subnetworks. This framework has been applied on the resting state fmagnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) datasets of 23 children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and 45 normal control (NC) children, and has revealed two atomic functional interaction patterns (AFIPs) discovered for ADHD and another two AFIPs derived for NC. Together, these four AFIPs could be grouped into two pairs, one common pair representing the common AFIPs in ADHD and NC, and the other abnormal pair representing the abnormal AFIPs in ADHD. Interestingly, by comparing the abnormal AFIP pair, two data‐driven abnormal functional subnetworks are derived. Strikingly, by evaluating the approximation based on the four AFIPs, all of the ADHD children were successfully differentiated from NCs without any false positive. Hum Brain Mapp 35:5262–5278, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Functionally connected brain regions in the network activated during capsaicin inhalation
Authors: Farrell Michael J. , Koch Saskia , Ando Ayaka , Cole Leonie J. , Egan Gary F. , Mazzone Stuart B. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractCoughing and the urge‐to‐cough are important mechanisms that protect the patency of the airways, and are coordinated by the brain. Inhaling a noxious substance leads to a widely distributed network of responses in the brain that are likely to reflect multiple functional processes requisite for perceiving, appraising, and behaviorally responding to airway challenge. The broader brain network responding to airway challenge likely contains subnetworks that are involved in the component functions required for coordinated protective behaviors. Functional connectivity analyses were used to determine whether brain responses to airway challenge could be differentiated regionally during inhalation of the tussive substance capsaicin. Seed regions were defined according to outcomes of previous activation studies that identified regional brain responses consistent with cough suppression, stimulus intensity coding, and perception of urge‐to‐cough. The subnetworks during continuous inhalation of capsaicin recapitulated the distributed regions previously implicated in discrete functional components of airway challenge. The outcomes of this study highlight the central representation of airways defence as a distributed network. Hum Brain Mapp 35:5341–5355, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Serotonin transporter gene methylation is associated with hippocampal gray matter volume
Authors: Dannlowski Udo , Kugel Harald , Redlich Ronny , Halik Adriane , Schneider Ilona , Opel Nils , Grotegerd Dominik , Schwarte Kathrin , Schettler Christiane , Ambrée Oliver , Rust Stephan , Domschke Katharina , Arolt Volker , Heindel Walter , Baune Bernhard T. , Suslow Thomas , Zhang Weiqi , Hohoff Christa 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe serotonin transporter (5‐HTT) and the 5‐HTTLPR/rs25531 polymorphisms in its gene (SLC6A4) have been associated with depression, increased stress‐response, and brain structural alterations such as reduced hippocampal volumes. Recently, epigenetic processes including SLC6A4 promoter methylation were shown to be affected by stress, trauma, or maltreatment and are regarded to be involved in the etiology of affective disorders. However, neurobiological correlates of SLC6A4 promoter methylation have never been studied or compared to genotype effects by means of human neuroimaging hithertoMethodsHealthy subjects were recruited in two independent samples (N = 94, N = 95) to obtain structural gray matter images processed by voxel‐based morphometry (VBM8), focusing on hippocampal, amygdala, and anterior cingulate gyrus gray matter structure. SLC6A4 promoter methylation within an AluJb element and 5‐HTTLPR/rs25531 genotypes were analyzed in view of a possible impact on local gray matter volumeResultsStrong associations of AluJb methylation and hippocampal gray matter volumes emerged within each sample separately, which in the combined sample withstood most conservative alpha‐corrections for the entire brain. The amygdala, insula, and caudate nucleus showed similar associations. The 5‐HTTLPR/rs25531 showed no main effect on gray matter, and the effect of methylation rates on hippocampal structure was comparable among the genotype groupsConclusionsMethylation within the AluJb appears to have strong effects on hippocampal gray matter volumes, indicating that epigenetic processes can alter brain structures crucially involved in stress‐related disorders. Different ways of regulating SLC6A4 expression might involve exonization or transcription factor binding as potentially underlying mechanisms, which, however, is speculative and warrants further investigation. Hum Brain Mapp 35:5356–5367, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A New Multifunctional TriazineCarbazole Compound with High Triplet Energy for High‐Performance Blue Fluorescence, Green and Red Phosphorescent Host, and Hybrid White Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Liu Xiao‐Ke , Zheng Cai‐Jun , Xiao Jing , Lo Ming‐Fai , Chen Zhan , Lee Chun‐Sing , Liu Chuan‐Lin , Ou Xue‐Mei , Li Fan , Zhang Xiao‐Hong 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA blue fluorescent compound, 9‐[4‐(4,6‐diphenoxy‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐yl)phenyl]‐9H‐carbazole (POTC), the triplet energy level of which reaches 2.76 eV, has been designed and synthesized. POTC is an excellent blue emitter as well as host for green and red phosphors, and therefore, matches the requirements of the host for single‐emitting‐layer fluorescence and phosphorescence hybrid white organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). The blue, green, red, and white devices based on POTC show maximum external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of 2.4, 22.4, 13.0, and 8.1 %, respectively. Even at a high brightness of 1000 cd m−2, these values maintain EQEs of 2.3, 22.1, 11.1, and 7.0 %, respectively, indicating less than 15 % roll‐offs from the maxima.
Recent Trends in U.S. Income and Expenditure Poverty
Authors: Bavier Richard 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAfter many years of following similar trends, U.S. poverty rates measured by household spending in data from the U.S. Consumer Expenditure Survey (CE) fell between 2000 and 2008, while poverty measured by income rose. Comparisons of spending and income poverty in the CE with income poverty in other surveys, spending data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, and a time series of employment levels, find the CE to be the outlier. The findings do not bear directly on the primary use of CE data in providing category weights for calculation of the Consumer Price Index, but do require explanation not available in CE public‐use files.
Correlation between histological signs of placental underperfusion and perinatal morbidity in late‐onset small‐for‐gestational‐age fetuses
Authors: Parra‐Saavedra M. , Simeone S. , Triunfo S. , Crovetto F. , Botet F. , Nadal A. , Gratacos E. , Figueras F. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo investigate whether signs of placental underperfusion (PUP), defined as any maternal and/or fetal vascular pathology, confer an increased risk of neonatal morbidity in late‐onset small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) fetuses with normal umbilical artery (UA) Doppler indices.MethodsA cohort of 126 SGA singleton fetuses with normal UA Doppler indices that were delivered after 34 weeks' gestation was studied. For each case, the placenta was evaluated histologically for signs of PUP using a hierarchical and standardized classification system. Neonatal morbidity was assessed according to the score calculated from the morbidity assessment index for newborns (MAIN), a validated outcome scale. The independent association between PUP and neonatal morbidity was evaluated using multivariable median regression analysis.ResultsIn 84 (66.7%) placentae, 97 placental histological findings that qualified as signs of PUP were observed. These PUP cases had a significantly higher incidence of emergency Cesarean section for non‐reassuring fetal status (44.1% vs 21.4%, respectively; P = 0.013) and neonatal metabolic acidosis at birth (33.3% vs 14.3%, respectively; P = 0.023), than did those without PUP. The median MAIN score differed significantly between those with PUP and those without (89 vs 0, respectively; P = 0.025). This difference remained significant after adjustment for potential confounders. The proportion of cases with scores indicative of mild to severe morbidity was also significantly higher in the PUP group (31% vs 14.3%, respectively; P = 0.043).ConclusionIn late‐onset SGA fetuses with normal UA Doppler indices, signs of PUP imply a higher neonatal morbidity. These findings allow the phenotypic profiling of fetal growth restriction among the general population of late‐onset SGA. Copyright © 2014 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Oxygen Plasma Effects on Zero Resistance Behavior of Yb,Er‐doped YBCO (123) Based Superconductors
Authors: Schäfer Helmut , Banko Franziska , Nordmann Jörg , Voss Benjamin , Steinhart Martin , Walder Lorenz , Rathmann Dirk 
Published: May 2014

AbstractRare‐earth doped YBa2Cu3O7–δ samples were synthesized starting from the corresponding oxides Y2O3, Yb2O3, Er2O3, CuO as well as Ba(OH)2 by heating to 950 °C under air. The doping concentrations were adjusted to 15 % Yb, 7 % Er and 20 % Yb, 15 % Er, respectively, with respect to the yttrium content. The orthogonal phased (123) YBCO ceramics were exposed to an oxygen plasma for 140 and 380 min. Zero resistance temperature (Tc,0) was determined by measuring the resistivity‐temperature dependence using a classical four point measurement approach. Under optimal conditions with respect to the material composition and the oxygen treatment an unusual high zero resistance temperature of 97.5 K (Tc,onset ≈ 101 K) was achieved. This represents an increase of Tc,0 by 7.5 K. The oxygen treatment could not be monitored by IR spectroscopy, X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy, and X‐ray powder diffraction. The results showed good reproducibility.