bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population status, distribution and conservation needs of the Endangered Mangshan pit viper Protobothrops mangshanensis of China
Authors: Gong Shi-ping , Yang Dao-de , Chen Yuan-hui , Lau Michael , Wang Fu-min 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe Endangered Mangshan pit viper Protobothrops mangshanensis is endemic to the Nanling Mountain Range of China. It has been targeted for exploitation to satisfy the international pet trade and zoological collections since it was described. Long-term intensive exploitation and habitat destruction have resulted in drastic reductions in wild populations, pushing this rare species towards extinction. Since 1990 only limited investigations have been conducted and the most optimistic estimation of the population size was 300–500 individuals, in 2000. Since then, however, there have been no updates on the population status of this snake in the wild. To provide baseline data for effective conservation of this species we conducted a study of its status and distribution, during 2007–2010. Only eight individuals were found during fieldwork and we documented the illegal harvesting of >30. The total population of the species was estimated to be 462, occupying c. 105 km2 in the Nanling Mountain Range. The black market price of a Mangshan pit viper is currently >USD 1,000 kg−1 and illegal trade has led to over-harvesting, which is the greatest threat to the species. Our study indicates that protected areas cannot effectively protect this pit viper if the trade in this species cannot be controlled. Based on the results of our study we present five recommendations for conservation of the species.
Benefits of wildlife-based land uses on private lands in Namibia and limitations affecting their development
Authors: Lindsey P. A. , Havemann C. P. , Lines R. M. , Price A. E. , Retief T. A. , Rhebergen T. , Van der Waal C. , Romañach S. S. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractLegislative changes during the 1960s–1970s granted user rights over wildlife to landowners in southern Africa, resulting in a shift from livestock farming to wildlife-based land uses. Few comprehensive assessments of such land uses on private land in southern Africa have been conducted and the associated benefits are not always acknowledged by politicians. Nonetheless, wildlife-based land uses are growing in prevalence on private land. In Namibia wildlife-based land use occurs over c. 287,000 km2. Employment is positively related to income from ecotourism and negatively related to income from livestock. While 87% of meat from livestock is exported ≥ 95% of venison from wildlife-based land uses remains within the country, contributing to food security. Wildlife populations are increasing with expansion of wildlife-based land uses, and private farms contain 21–33 times more wildlife than in protected areas. Because of the popularity of wildlife-based land uses among younger farmers, increasing tourist arrivals and projected impacts of climate change on livestock production, the economic output of wildlife-based land uses will probably soon exceed that of livestock. However, existing policies favour livestock production and are prejudiced against wildlife-based land uses by prohibiting reintroductions of buffalo Syncerus caffer, a key species for tourism and safari hunting, and through subsidies that artificially inflate the profitability of livestock production. Returns from wildlife-based land uses are also limited by the failure to reintroduce other charismatic species, failure to develop fully-integrated conservancies and to integrate black farmers sufficiently.
Has biodiversity fallen off the development agenda? A case study of the UK Department for International Development
Authors: Roe Dilys 
Published: January 2013

AbstractSince the early 2000s increasing attention has been paid to the relationship between biodiversity conservation and poverty reduction and a debate has ensued over various aspects of this relationship. One element of this debate has been concerned with an apparent lack of attention to biodiversity conservation on the international development agenda following the prioritization of poverty reduction. This paper explores whether this lack of attention is real or perceived by reviewing changes in biodiversity policy within the UK Department for International Development (DFID). It is clear that attention to biodiversity within DFID policy has changed significantly over time. There was strong support for wildlife conservation until the 1990s, including technical assistance, funding for integrated conservation and development projects (ICDPs), and community-based conservation. By the 2000s, however, the main focus had switched from funding wildlife conservation to mainstreaming biodiversity concerns into development policy. The degree to which the explicit focus on poverty reduction that emerged in the late 1990s drove this change is debatable. Changes in aid architecture, UK politics and clearer differentiations between the roles of DFID and the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in addressing biodiversity concerns have also shaped DFID's policy. Meanwhile, the political traction afforded to climate change demonstrates that it is possible for environmental issues to sit alongside poverty reduction in international development policy. However, communicating the societal implications of biodiversity loss has proved to be more challenging than for climate change. Better understanding of the mechanisms by which development assistance is disbursed would help the conservation community identify key opportunities for engagement.
Shifted inferior frontal laterality in women with major depressive disorder is related to emotion-processing deficits
Authors: Briceño E. M. , Weisenbach S. L. , Rapport L. J. , Hazlett K. E. , Bieliauskas L. A. , Haase B. D. , Ransom M. T. , Brinkman M. L. , Peciña M. , Schteingart D. E. , Starkman M. N. , Giordani B. , Welsh R. C. , Noll D. C. , Zubieta J.-K. , Langenecker S. A. 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundFacial emotion perception (FEP) is a critical human skill for successful social interaction, and a substantial body of literature suggests that explicit FEP is disrupted in major depressive disorder (MDD). Prior research suggests that weakness in FEP may be an important phenomenon underlying patterns of emotion-processing challenges in MDD and the disproportionate frequency of MDD in women.MethodWomen with (n = 24) and without (n = 22) MDD, equivalent in age and education, completed a FEP task during functional magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsThe MDD group exhibited greater extents of frontal, parietal and subcortical activation compared with the control group during FEP. Activation in the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) appeared shifted from a left >right pattern observed in healthy women to a bilateral pattern in MDD women. The ratio of left to right suprathreshold IFG voxels in healthy controls was nearly 3:1, whereas in the MDD group, there was a greater percentage of suprathreshold IFG voxels bilaterally, with no leftward bias. In MDD, relatively greater activation in right IFG compared with left IFG (ratio score) was present and predicted FEP accuracy (r = 0.56, p < 0.004), with an inverse relationship observed between FEP and subgenual cingulate activation (r = − 0.46, p = 0.02).ConclusionsThis study links, for the first time, disrupted IFG activation laterality and increased subgenual cingulate activation with deficient FEP in women with MDD, providing an avenue for imaging-to-assessment translational applications in MDD.
SEMIPARAMETRIC FUNCTIONAL COEFFICIENT MODELS WITH INTEGRATED COVARIATES
Authors: Sun Yiguo , Cai Zongwu , Li Qi 
Published: January 2013

AbstractCai, Li, and Park (Journal of Econometrics, 2009) and Xiao (Journal of Econometrics, 2009) developed asymptotic theories for estimators of semiparametric varying coefficient models when regressors are integrated processes but the smooth coefficients are functionals of stationary processes. Using a recent result from Phillips (Econometric Theory, 2009), we extend this line of research by allowing for both the regressors and the covariates entering the smooth functionals to be integrated variables. We derive the asymptotic distribution for the proposed semiparametric estimator. An empirical application is presented to examine the purchasing power parity hypothesis between U.S. and Canadian dollars.
Effects of social games on infant vocalizations*
Authors: HSU HUI-CHIN , IYER SUNEETI NATHANI , FOGEL ALAN 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTThe aim of the present study was to examine the contextual effects of social games on prelinguistic vocalizations. The two main goals were to (1) investigate the functions of vocalizations as symptoms of affective arousal and symbols of social understanding, and (2) explore form–function (de)coupling relations between vocalization types and game contexts. Seventy-one six-month-olds and sixty-four twelve-month-olds played with their mothers in normal and perturbed tickle and peek-a-boo games. The effects of infant age, game, game climax, and game perturbation on the frequency and types of infant vocalizations were examined. Results showed twelve-month-olds vocalized more mature canonical syllables during peek-a-boo and more primitive quasi-resonant nuclei during tickle than six-month-olds. Six- and twelve-month-olds increased their vocalizations from the set-up to climax during peek-a-boo, but they did not show such an increase during tickle. Findings support the symptom function of prelinguistic vocalizations reflecting affective arousal and the prevalence of form–function decoupling during the first year of life.
Motor Contingency Learning and Infants with Spina Bifida
Authors: Taylor Heather B. , Barnes Marcia A. , Landry Susan H. , Swank Paul , Fletcher Jack M. , Huang Furong 
Published: January 2013

AbstractInfants with Spina Bifida (SB) were compared to typically developing infants (TD) using a conjugate reinforcement paradigm at 6 months-of-age (n= 98) to evaluate learning, and retention of a sensory-motor contingency. Analyses evaluated infant arm-waving rates at baseline (wrist not tethered to mobile), during acquisition of the sensory-motor contingency (wrist tethered), and immediately after the acquisition phase and then after a delay (wrist not tethered), controlling for arm reaching ability, gestational age, and socioeconomic status. Although both groups responded to the contingency with increased arm-waving from baseline to acquisition, 15% to 29% fewer infants with SB than TD were found to learn the contingency depending on the criterion used to determine contingency learning. In addition, infants with SB who had learned the contingency had more difficulty retaining the contingency over time when sensory feedback was absent. The findings suggest that infants with SB do not learn motor contingencies as easily or at the same rate as TD infants, and are more likely to decrease motor responses when sensory feedback is absent. Results are discussed with reference to research on contingency learning in infants with and without neurodevelopmental disorders, and with reference to motor learning in school-age children with SB. (JINS, 2013,19, 1–10)
The Multilingual Naming Test in Alzheimer's Disease: Clues to the Origin of Naming Impairments
Authors: Ivanova Iva , Salmon David P. , Gollan Tamar H. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe current study explored the picture naming performance of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). First, we evaluated the utility of the Multilingual Naming Test (MINT; Gollan et al., 2011), which was designed to assess naming skills in speakers of multiple languages, for detecting naming impairments in monolingual AD and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI). If the MINT were sensitive to linguistic impairment in AD, using it in clinical practice might have advantages over using tests exclusively designed for English monolinguals. We found that the MINT can be used with both monolinguals and bilinguals: A 32-item subset of the MINT is best for distinguishing monolingual patients from controls, while the full MINT is best for assessing degree of bilingualism and language dominance in bilinguals. We then investigated the cognitive mechanisms underlying naming impairment in AD. To this end, we explored which MINT item characteristics best predicted performance differences between monolingual patients and controls. We found that contextual diversity and imageability, but not word frequency (nor words’ number of senses), contributed unique variance to explaining naming impairments in AD. These findings suggest a semantic component to the naming impairment in AD (modulated by names’ semantic richness and network size). (JINS, 2013,19, 1–12)
An Exploration of Diagnosis Threat and Group Identification Following Concussion Injury
Authors: Pavawalla Shital P. , Salazar Robert , Cimino Cynthia , Belanger Heather G. , Vanderploeg Rodney D. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractCognitive performance can be impacted by many non-neurological factors, including preexisting expectations. The phenomenon of stereotype threat, or reduced cognitive performance due to preexisting beliefs, can apply to individuals following neurological injury (i.e., “diagnosis threat”). We examined the effect of diagnosis threat on cognitive performance and symptom reporting following concussions while accounting for group identification (i.e., extent to which one's identity is tied to being concussed). We also examined gender stereotype threat (i.e., women and math ability) to understand how these two related threat effects compare. Participants with a history of concussion were randomly assigned to one of three instructional sets emphasizing concussion history or gender, or neutral instructions. Individuals without a history of concussion served as a comparison group. Results revealed an effect of diagnosis threat on cognitive performance after group identification was taken into account, but only in male participants. In contrast, an underlying gender stereotype threat was observed in females across conditions, which was counteracted in the gender stereotype condition (i.e., stereotype reactance effect) due to the type of threat cues used. Also, controls exhibited greater symptom reporting than individuals with a concussion. Our findings highlight the importance of considering non-neurological factors impacting cognitive performance. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–9)
Empiricism, Ideology and William Crotch's Specimens
Authors: Irving Howard 
Published: January 2013

William Crotch's Specimens of Various Styles of Music Referred to in a Course of Lectures Read at Oxford and London was a remarkable new type of score anthology when it first appeared in three volumes published between 1807 and 1810. Many anthologies in this period effectively serve as memorials to an earlier classical tradition, but Crotch compiled the Specimens with an almost museum-like detachment and intended it only for the practical pedagogical purpose of tracing the evolution of music. Crotch's empirical, dispassionate, and one might say scientific approach in the Specimens mirrors a turn in British culture generally around the turn of the century toward empiricism, a shift that has been discussed at length in connection with the painter John Constable and his circle. Crotch himself was, not coincidentally, a significant landscape painter and a friend of Constable during the years in which the Specimens were published.Crotch's relatively objective approach to criticism in the Specimens is most noticeable in his treatment of so-called “national” music. In this area his remarks are strikingly different from the criticism of contemporaries, especially Charles Burney. In connection with concert music, however, Crotch is less successful at pursuing a programme of value-free criticism. In some cases he clearly selects examples with the goal of influencing a composer's reception and stresses qualities that are in line with his developing conception of what might be called “classical music”.
Religion's Impact on the Divergent Political Attitudes of Evangelical Protestants in the United States and Brazil
Authors: McAdams Erin S. , Lance Justin Earl 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn the United States, Evangelical Protestants' political attitudes have been attributed to their conservative theological beliefs. As this religion's membership has increased around the world, other Evangelicals would logically be expected to demonstrate a similar conservatism in their political views. And yet, this anticipated result does not hold. In Brazil, for example, Evangelicals maintain moderate-to-liberal attitudes on several issues. To address this anomaly, this article relies on the Pew Forum's Multi-Country Religion Survey to examine the impact of religion on Evangelicals' ideology as well as attitudes on moral and economic issues in the United States and Brazil. While doctrinal orthodoxy predicts Evangelicals' moral conservatism, neither religious component examined significantly predicts Brazilian Evangelicals' ideology or economic attitudes. Significant differences in Brazilian and American attitudes on these dimensions in general suggest that the political environment plays a much larger role in whether — and how — religion influences these political attitudes.
Investigation of extra traps measured by charge pumping technique in high voltage zone in p-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors with HfO2/metal gate stacks
Authors: Ho Szu-Han , Chang Ting-Chang , Wang Bin-Wei , Lu Ying-Shin , Lo Wen-Hung , Chen Ching-En , Tsai Jyun-Yu , Chen Hua-Mao , Liu Guan-Ru , Tseng Tseung-Yuen , Cheng Osbert , Huang Cheng-Tung , Cao Xi-Xin 
Published: January 2013

This letter investigates extra traps measured by charge pumping technique in the high voltage zone in p-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors with HfO2/metal gate stacks. N-Vhigh level characteristic curves with different duty ratios show that the hole discharge time (tbase  level) dominates the value of extra traps. By fitting ln (N (tbase  level = 1μs) − N (tbase  level)) − Δtbase  level at different temperatures and computing the equation t = τ0 exp (αh,SiO2dSiO2 + αh,HfO2dHfO2,trap), the results show that these extra traps measured by the charge pumping technique at high voltage zone can be attributed to high-k bulk shallow traps.
Energy systems transformation
Authors: Dangerman A. T. C. Jérôme , Schellnhuber Hans Joachim 
Published: January 2013

SignificanceEnergy systems based on fossil fuels and uranium have brought about modernity and its specific agro-industrial metabolism. Although this achievement creates a deep lock-in effect, collateral damages such as climate change and large-scale contamination cast doubts on the sustainability of the current mode of global socioeconomic operation. This article analyzes why the incumbent energy systems are so rigid and still outcompete their more sustainable rivals. We elucidate the role of contemporary corporate law in this context and argue that the stiffness of current energy systems could be overcome by assigning unlimited responsibilities to shareholders.
RamiGO: an R/Bioconductor package providing an AmiGO Visualize interface
Authors: Schröder Markus S. , Gusenleitner Daniel , Quackenbush John , Culhane Aedín C. , Haibe-Kains Benjamin 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Summary: The R/Bioconductor package RamiGO is an R interface to AmiGO that enables visualization of Gene Ontology (GO) trees. Given a list of GO terms, RamiGO uses the AmiGO visualize API to import Graphviz-DOT format files into R, and export these either as images (SVG, PNG) or into Cytoscape for extended network analyses. RamiGO provides easy customization of annotation, highlighting of specific GO terms, colouring of terms by P-value or export of a simplified summary GO tree. We illustrate RamiGO functionalities in a genome-wide gene set analysis of prognostic genes in breast cancer.
Availability and implementation: RamiGO is provided in R/Bioconductor, is open source under the Artistic-2.0 License and is available with a user manual containing installation, operating instructions and tutorials. It requires R version 2.15.0 or higher. URL: http://bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/RamiGO.html
Contact: markus.schroeder@ucdconnect.ie
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Assessing identity, redundancy and confounds in Gene Ontology annotations over time
Authors: Gillis Jesse , Pavlidis Paul 
Published: January 2013

AbstractMotivation: The Gene Ontology (GO) is heavily used in systems biology, but the potential for redundancy, confounds with other data sources and problems with stability over time have been little explored.Results: We report that GO annotations are stable over short periods, with 3% of genes not being most semantically similar to themselves between monthly GO editions. However, we find that genes can alter their ‘functional identity’ over time, with 20% of genes not matching to themselves (by semantic similarity) after 2 years. We further find that annotation bias in GO, in which some genes are more characterized than others, has declined in yeast, but generally increased in humans. Finally, we discovered that many entries in protein interaction databases are owing to the same published reports that are used for GO annotations, with 66% of assessed GO groups exhibiting this confound. We provide a case study to illustrate how this information can be used in analyses of gene sets and networks.Availability: Data available at http://chibi.ubc.ca/assessGO.Contact: paul@chibi.ubc.caSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Endoscopic resection for gastric epithelial neoplasia: How to solve pathological discrepancy and achieve curative resection?
Authors: Zhu Ling Yin , Dai Jun , Zhao Yun Jia , Xue Han Bin , Ge Zhi Zheng , Li Xiao Bo 
Published: January 2013

ObjectiveEndoscopic resection (ER) was introduced to China from Japan, while most pathologists are influenced by Western criteria. Japanese and Western pathologists have debated for decades how best to distinguish between gastric intraepithelial neoplasia (GIEN) and early gastric cancer (EGC). In this study we aimed to find out how to solve this pathological discrepancy and improve the curative resection of lesions based on our experiences.MethodsIn total, 143 patients with GIEN or EGC were treated by ER in our hospital from April 2008 to April 2012. The risk factors related to the degree of malignancy of the lesions and the non‐curability of ER were analyzed. Pathological discrepancy between forceps biopsies and ER specimens was also compared.ResultsAccording to the histological types of the ER specimens, there were 67 patients with low‐grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIN), 35 with high‐grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN) and 41 with EGC. The ER histological type was significantly correlated with gender, ER method, macroscopic type, tumor size, ulcer and histological type of the forceps biopsy (P < 0.05). The discrepancy between forceps biopsy and ER specimens was 41.3% (59/143). Furthermore, the depth of tumor invasion and ER histological type were associated with the curative resection of HGIN and EGC (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe pathological discrepancy shows that patients with HGIN in forceps biopsy should be considered candidates for ER. The risk factors of lesion malignancy and ER curability indicate the great importance of pretreatment evaluation for ER.