bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanomedicine hitchhiking on bacteria for treating tumors
Authors: Zheng Shujing , Li Xingwei , Guo Shutao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNanomedicine has shown promising therapeutic potential in cancer treatment, with clinically approved formulations such as Doxil® and Abraxane® already providing tangible benefits to patients. However, challenges such as low targeting efficiency and poor tumor penetration limit its application. Bacteria have emerged as promising drug delivery carriers due to their capacity for autonomous navigation and deep penetration into hypoxic tumor parenchyma. Therefore, utilizing bacteria as carriers for nanomedicine can partially overcome the limitations of anti‐tumor nanomedicine. Moreover, some bacteria, like Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli, exhibit immunostimulatory and oncolytic effects and can synergistically enhance the anti‐tumor effects of nanomedicine. This article summarizes common types of bacteria and nanomedicines and their respective advantages and challenges in cancer treatment. It elaborates on various strategies for combining bacteria and nanomedicine under different administration routes, outlining the clinical progress and challenges of bacterial anti‐tumor therapy and outlooking for future applications of utilizing bacteria as carriers for nanomedicine in cancer treatment.
Multiparameter neuroimaging study of neurovascular coupling changes in patients with end‐stage renal disease
Authors: Sun Wei , Li Chen , Jiao Zhuqing , Liu Tongqiang , Shi Haifeng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPurposeTo assess changes in neurovascular coupling (NVC) by evaluating the relationship between cerebral perfusion and brain connectivity in patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing hemodialysis versus in healthy control participants. And by exploring brain regions with abnormal NVC associated with cognitive deficits in patients, we aim to provide new insights into potential preventive and therapeutic interventions.Materials and methodsA total of 45 patients and 40 matched healthy controls were prospectively enrolled in our study. Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used to assess cognitive function. Arterial spin labeling (ASL) was used to calculate cerebral blood flow (CBF), and graph theory–based analysis of results from resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI) was used to calculate brain network topological parameters (node betweenness centrality [BC], node efficiency [Ne], and node degree centrality [DC]). Three NVC biomarkers (CBF‐BC, CBF‐Ne, and CBF‐DC coefficients) at the whole brain level and 3 NVC biomarkers (CBF/BC, CBF/Ne, and CBF/DC ratios) at the local brain region level were used to assess NVC. Mann–Whitney U tests were used to compare the intergroup differences in NVC parameters. Spearman's correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationship among NVC dysfunctional pattern, cognitive impairment, and clinical characteristics multiple comparisons were corrected using a voxel‐wise false‐discovery rate (FDR) method (p < .05).ResultsPatients showed significantly reduced global coupling coefficients for CBF‐Ne (p = .023) and CBF‐BC (p = .035) compared to healthy controls. Coupling ratios at the local brain region level were significantly higher in patients in 33 brain regions (all p values < .05). Coupling ratio changes alone or accompanied by changes in CBF, node properties, or both CBF and node properties were identified. In patients, negative correlations were seen between coupling ratios and MoCA scores in many brain regions, including the left dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus, the bilateral median cingulate and paracingulate gyri, and the right superior parietal gyrus. The correlations remained even after adjusting for hemoglobin and hematocrit levels.ConclusionDisrupted NVC may be one mechanism underlying cognitive impairment in dialysis patients.
A perspective on neurodivergent‐affirming relational practice: Exploration of identity and the healing process
Authors: Fuld Samantha , McKelvie M. R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis commentary examines the historic primacy of behavioural interventions in psychotherapeutic work with neurodivergent people. Such interventions have been increasingly criticised as failing to affirm aspects of neurodivergence as significant for one's identity and positive sense of self, instead emphasising conformity to socially and academically determined norms, which may not always be the goals of the individual engaging with therapy.FindingsRelational therapeutic interventions, which have not traditionally been centred in clinical approaches with this group of people, have great potential to address the inadequacies of more behaviourally oriented modalities as they were designed to address experiences of internalised stigma and invalidation, enhance a cohesive sense of self, affirm intersectional identity, tune into emotional experiences, and engage in healing through relationships and connection.DiscussionWhile further research is needed to support the efficacy of relational approaches in work alongside neurodivergent people, their application is promising and aligned with the expressed needs of this community.
Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activity of Friedelinyl Esters
Authors: Oliveira Leila R. , Vidal Diogo M. , Freitas Túlio R. , de P. Sabino Adriano , Duarte Lucienir P. , de Sousa Grasiely F. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCommonly isolated from plants of Celastraceae family, pentacyclic triterpenoids have a broad spectrum of biological activities, such as antitumor, anti‐inflammatory, antinociceptive properties, among others. Structural modifications in these triterpenoids can enhance their biological activity, as well as their selectivity, while improving their physicochemical and pharmacokinetic aspects. In this study, eight novel esters were synthesized: four derivatives of 3α‐friedelinol (friedelan‐3α‐yl p‐bromobenzoate (1a); friedelan‐3α‐yl naproxenate (1b); friedelan‐3α‐yl pent‐4‐ynoate (1c); friedelan‐3α‐yl undec‐10‐ynoate (1d)) and four derivatives of 3β‐friedelinol (friedelan‐3β‐yl p‐bromobenzoate (2a); friedelan‐3β‐yl naproxenate (2b); friedelan‐3β‐yl pent‐4‐ynoate (2c); friedelan‐3β‐yl undec‐10‐ynoate (2d)). Overall, 3α‐friedelinol showed greater reactivity when compared to the β‐epimer. The esters 1b–d and 2b–c were tested for antileukemic activity against THP‐1 and K‐562 cells but showed low cytotoxicity for both cell lines. The most active against THP‐1 cells was friedelan‐3β‐yl naproxenate (2b, IC50=266±6 μM), and the most active against K‐562 cells was friedelan‐3α‐yl pent‐4‐ynoate (1c, IC50=267±5 μM).
Chemical Composition and Phytotoxic Activity of Mentha vagans Boriss. Essential Oil
Authors: Ma Yonghui , Shah Muddaser , Shi Kai , Chen Hongyang , Golkar Pooran , Mehmood Abbasi Arshad , Shao Hua 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study explored the composition of essential oil (EO) and the first phytotoxic screening of EO obtained from the stems and leaves of Mentha vagans Boriss (MVEO) via hydro‐distillation technique. The EO ingredients were detected through Gas Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry (GC‐MS). GC‐MS analysis revealed that MVEO contained 49 constituents, constituting 93.95 % of the total oil. Among MVEO constituents, dihydrocarvone was observed as the dominant constituent (24.14 %), followed by D‐carvone (16.28 %) and piperitone (18.14 %). The phytotoxic effects of MVEO and its dominant compounds were examined against Amaranthus retroflexus, Lolium perenne, and Poa annua. Significant inhibition was observed by MVEO in comparison with the major constituents and their mixture, suppressing the seedling growth of tested species at the lowest dosage (0.01 mg/mL); in general, seedling growth of all tested species was markedly inhibited when applied concentration of the EO and its constituents reached 0.05 mg/mL. Our results also indicated that constituents other than the dominant compounds of MVEO possessed considerable phytotoxic effects because the EO's activity was stronger than its major constituents and their mixture. Thus, additional studies are required to investigate MVEO and its constituents and commercialize them as environment‐friendly bio‐herbicides.
Allosteric Effects of EF‐G Domain I Mutations Inducing Ribosome Frameshifting Revealed by Multiplexed Force Spectroscopy
Authors: Chen Yanjun , Gavriliuc Miriam , Zeng Yi , Xu Shoujun , Wang Yuhong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRibosome translocation catalyzed by elongation factor G (EF‐G) is a critical step in protein synthesis where the ribosome typically moves along the mRNA by three nucleotides at each step. To investigate the mechanism of EF‐G catalysis, it is essential to precisely resolve the ribosome motion at both ends of the mRNA, which, to our best knowledge, is only achieved with the magnetic‐based force spectroscopy developed by our groups. Here, we introduce a novel multiplexed force spectroscopy technique that, for the first time, offers single‐nucleotide resolution for multiple samples. This technique combines multiple acoustic force generators with the smallest atomic magnetometer designed for biological research. Utilizing this technique, we demonstrate that mutating EF‐G at the GTP binding pocket results in the ribosome moving only two nucleotides on both ends of the mRNA, thereby compromising ribosome translocation. This finding suggests a direct link between GTP hydrolysis and ribosome translocation. Our results not only provide mechanistic insights into the role of GTP binding pocket but also illuminate how allosteric mutations can manipulate translocation. We anticipate broader applications of our technique in the ribosome field, leveraging its high efficiency and single‐nucleotide resolution.
Biosynthesis and Assembly Logic of Fungal Hybrid Terpenoid Natural Products
Authors: Yuan Guan‐Yin , Zhang Jin‐Mei , Xu Yan‐Qiu , Zou Yi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn recent decades, fungi have emerged as significant sources of diverse hybrid terpenoid natural products, and their biosynthetic pathways are increasingly unveiled. This review mainly focuses on elucidating the various strategies underlying the biosynthesis and assembly logic of these compounds. These pathways combine terpenoid moieties with diverse building blocks including polyketides, nonribosomal peptides, amino acids, p‐hydroxybenzoic acid, saccharides, and adenine, resulting in the formation of plenty of hybrid terpenoid natural products via C−O, C−C, or C−N bond linkages. Subsequent tailoring steps, such as oxidation, cyclization, and rearrangement, further enhance the biological diversity and structural complexity of these hybrid terpenoid natural products. Understanding these biosynthetic mechanisms holds promise for the discovery of novel hybrid terpenoid natural products from fungi, which will promote the development of potential drug candidates in the future.
Laparoscopy versus endovascular aneurysm repair for abdominal aortic aneurysm: A systematic review
Authors: Duric Bea , Hadjihannas Ioannis , Sugumaran Sveta , Jagic Karlo , Patel Bijendra 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMinimally invasive surgery is a useful alternative to open repair for patients with nonruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). We aim to compare the clinical outcomes for three different minimally invasive techniques: hand‐assisted laparoscopic surgery (HALS), total laparoscopic surgery (TLS), and endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). The electronic databases MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library were searched between January and March 2023. Cohort studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing two minimally invasive techniques were eligible for inclusion. Primary outcomes were mortality (in‐hospital, 30‐day, or 1‐year) and reintervention rates (30‐day or 1‐year). Length of surgery, blood loss, transfusion volume, conversion to open surgery, major complication rates, length of hospital stay, and length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay were also evaluated. Eight cohort studies and one RCT were included comparing patients undergoing HALS (n = 500), TLS (n = 263), and EVAR (n = 438) for elective AAA repair. The TLS group had the highest rate of 30‐day postoperative reinterventions (p = 0.00056), the longest surgical duration (p = 0.0311), and the highest rate of conversion to open surgery (p < 0.001). TLS was also associated with the most blood loss during surgery, the highest blood transfusion volumes, and the longest length of ICU stay, although these results did not reach statistical significance. Subgroup analysis revealed superior contemporary EVAR outcomes compared to TLS. Laparoscopic surgery (LAS) and EVAR have comparable mortality rates. However, LAS, particularly TLS, is significantly less efficacious than EVAR in terms of intraoperative conversions to open surgery and 30‐day reintervention rates. Further controlled trials with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm the evidence.
Covalently Linked 5,6,11,12‐Tetraazanaphthacene Dimer and Its Triptycene‐Capped Derivatives as Electron Acceptors
Authors: Kamebuchi Hajime , Makino Rintaro , Hiruma Koji , Tomura Kazumasa , Tadokoro Makoto 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe development of electron transport and n‐type materials is still largely dominated by a limited number of organic semiconductors, with fullerenes at the forefront. In contrast, substantial progress has been made in developing hole transport and p‐type materials. Therefore, expanding the range of electron acceptors, making them solution‐processable, and elucidating their structural arrangement by X‐ray crystallography is essential. We synthesised 2,2’‐bi‐(5,6,11,12‐tetraazanaphthacene) (bi‐TANC) and its triptycene end‐capped derivative, 2,2′‐bi(8,13‐dihydro‐8,13‐[1,2]benzenonaphtho‐5,6,15,16‐tetraazanaphthacene) (bi‐TpTANC), as electron acceptors. Bi‐TANC exhibits a herringbone‐like crystal packing with intermolecular π–π overlap, which is observed in typical organic n‐type semiconductors. However, it showed poor solubility, similar to larger acenes. In contrast, bi‐TpTANC exhibited favourable solubility, and its electrochemistry in solution was investigated. In the cyclic voltammogram of bi‐TpTANC, reversible redox waves corresponding to 3‐step/4‐electron transfer were observed at −0.795 V (1e−), −0.927 V (1e−), and −1.44 V (2e−) as half‐wave potentials. The redox wave associated with the two‐electron transfer on the negative low‐potential side indicates the presence of through‐bond charge delocalisation in the monoanionic state. Furthermore, the LUMO level of bi‐TpTANC is −4.1 eV, which indicates its potential as a promising air‐stable n‐type material.
Research progress of electrocatalysts for hydrogen oxidation reaction in alkaline media
Authors: Zeng Youze , Wang Xue , Hu Yang , Qi Wei , Wang Zhuoqi , Xiao Meiling , Liu Changpeng , Xing Wei , Zhu Jianbing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAnion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) have been hailed as a promising hydrogen energy technology due to high energy conversion efficiency, zero carbon emission and the potential independence on scare and expensive noble metal electrocatalysts. A variety of platinum group metal (PGM)‐free catalysts has been developed with superior catalytic performance to noble metal benchmarks toward cathodic oxygen reduction reactions (ORR). However, PGM electrocatalysts still dominate the anodic catalyst research because the kinetics of hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) are two or three orders of magnitude slower than in that acidic media. Therefore, it is urgently desirable to improve noble metal utilization efficiency and/or develop high‐performance PGM‐free electrocatalysts for HOR, thus promoting the real‐world implementation of AEMFCs. In this review, the current research progress of electrocatalysts for HOR in alkaline media is summarized. We start with the discussion on the current HOR reaction mechanisms and existing controversies. Then, methodologies to improve the HOR performance are reviewed. Following these principles, the recently developed HOR electrocatalysts including PGM and PGM‐free HOR electrocatalysts in alkaline media are systematically introduced. Finally, we put forward the challenges and prospects in the field of HOR catalysis.
A Randomized, Cross‐Over Study Investigating the Comparability of Somatrogon‐ghla in 2 Different Drug Product Presentations
Authors: Manners Allison , Korth‐Bradley Joan , Wajnrajch Michael P. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSomatrogon‐ghla is a long‐acting, recombinant human growth hormone approved for the treatment of pediatric patients with growth hormone deficiency. Forty‐nine healthy, adult males were enrolled in a randomized, crossover study to compare somatrogon exposure after subcutaneous doses administered using a frozen vial presentation or a prefilled, multiple dose pen. Somatrogon, insulin‐like growth factor‐I, and IGF‐1 binding protein‐3 concentrations were collected for up to 240 hours post dose to assess pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic responses. There was a 2‐week washout between administration of the doses. Seven participants did not complete the study due to withdrawal of consent (n = 2) or loss to follow‐up. Two treatment‐emergent adverse events, headaches, were judged by the investigator as possibly related to study drug administration. Both were mild. Injection site reactions were observed in 6/48 participants after administration with the pen and 12/46 after administration using the vial. Drug and biomarker concentrations were assessed using validated assays and noncompartmental methods were used to determine pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters. Bioequivalence was demonstrated for somatrogon area under the concentration‐time curve, but not for the peak somatrogon concentration, where the lower limit of the 90% confidence interval for the ratio of pen/vial was 74.2%, which is less than the lower limit, 80.0%, dictated by bioequivalence criteria. The IGF‐1 responses were largely within bioequivalence limits. It was concluded that the 2 formulations are comparable.
Toward Rational Design of Mononuclear Nickel Complexes as Water Oxidation Catalysts Exploring the Ligand Effects on the Rate‐Determining Step
Authors: Kumar Singh Ajeet , Roy Lisa 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe major impediment in realizing a carbon‐neutral hydrogen fuel economy is the cost and inadequacy of contemporary electrochemical water splitting approaches towards the energy intensive oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The O−O bond formation in the water oxidation half‐cell reaction is both kinetically and thermodynamically challenging and amplifies the overpotential requirement in most of the active water oxidation catalysts. Herein, density functional theory is employed to interrogate 20 Ni(II) complexes, out of which 17 are in silico designed molecular water oxidation catalysts, coordinated to electron‐rich tetra‐anionic redox non‐innocent phenylenebis(oxamidate) and dibenzo‐1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐2,3,8,9‐tetraone parent ligands and their structural analogues, and identify the role of substituent changes or ligand effects in the order of their reactivity. Importantly, our computational mechanistic analyses predict that the activation free energy of the rate‐determining O−O bond formation step obeys an inverse scaling relationship with the global electrophilicity index of the intermediate generated on two‐electron oxidation of the starting complex. Additionally, the driving force is directly correlated with this OER descriptor which enables two‐dimensional volcano representation and thereby extrapolation towards the ideal substitution with the chosen ligand. Our study, therefore, establish fundamental insights to overcome the imperative overpotential issue with simple and precise computational rationalization preceding experimental validation.
Preparation and Compositional Analysis of Lignocellulosic Plant Biomass as a Precursor for Food Production During Food Crises
Authors: Mather Tara N. , Siva Niroshan , Jauregui Marjorie , Klatte Hannah , Lambert Joshua D. , Anderson Charles T. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn the event of a sunlight‐blocking, temperature‐lowering global catastrophe, such as a global nuclear war, super‐volcano eruption or large asteroid strike, normal agricultural practices would be severely disrupted with a devastating impact on the global food supply. Despite the improbability of such an occurrence, it is prudent to consider how to sustain the surviving population following a global catastrophe until normal weather and climate patterns resume. Additionally, the ongoing challenges posed by climate change, droughts, flooding, soil salinization, and famine highlight the importance of developing food systems with resilient inputs such as lignocellulosic biomass. With its high proportion of cellulose, the abundant lignocellulosic biomass found across the Earth's land surfaces could be a source of energy and nutrition, but it would first need to be converted into foods. To understand the potential of lignocellulosic biomass to provide energy and nutrition to humans in post‐catastrophic and other food crisis scenarios, compositional analyses should be completed to gauge the amount of energy (soluble sugars) and other macronutrients (protein and lipids) that might be available and the level of difficulty in extracting them. Suitable preparation of the lignocellulosic biomass is critical to achieve consistent and comparable results from these analyses. Here we describe a compilation of protocols to prepare lignocellulosic biomass and analyze its composition to understand its potential as a precursor to produce post‐catastrophic foods which are those that could be foraged, grown, or produced under the new climate conditions to supplement reduced availability of traditional foods. These foods have sometimes been referred to in the literature as emergency, alternate, or resilient foods. © 2024 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Convection oven drying (1 to 2 days)Alternate Protocol 1: Air‐drying (2 to 3 days)Alternate Protocol 2: Lyophilization (1 to 4 days)Support Protocol 1: Milling plant biomassSupport Protocol 2: Measuring moisture contentBasic Protocol 2: Cellulose determinationBasic Protocol 3: Lignin determinationBasic Protocol 4: Crude protein content by total nitrogenBasic Protocol 5: Crude fat determination via soxtec extraction systemBasic Protocol 6: Sugars by HPLCBasic Protocol 7: Ash content
A single‐phase AC‐AC converter with continuous input current and without commutation problem
Authors: Fathipour Babak , Kheyri Ramin , Mousavi Seyyed Mohammad Javad , Babaei Ebrahim 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this paper, a single‐phase AC‐AC converter with continuous input current and without commutation problem is proposed. The output voltage regulation achieved using a single high‐frequency switch eliminates the need for complementary switches, thereby resolving high‐frequency commutation issues and obviating the necessity for snubber circuits and a safe commutation strategy. The proposed converter operates with a continuous input current, eliminating the need for a bulky LC filter. Low‐frequency switches on the output side allow for step‐changed frequency operation without encountering commutation problems. A straightforward and adaptable switching strategy generates the step‐changed frequency at the output. The proposed converter reduces volume, weight, and cost by minimizing the total stored energy of passive components. High‐speed switching is achieved by preventing the body diode conduction of power MOSFETs, which traditionally suffer from poor reverse recovery. The operational principles of the proposed converter are delineated for various modes, and their key relationships are presented. A 110Vi(rms)/50 Hz laboratory prototype validates the performance of the proposed converter.