bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adverse local tissue reaction (ALTR) associated with corrosion products in metal‐on‐metal and dual modular neck total hip replacements is associated with upregulation of interferon gamma‐mediated chemokine signaling
Authors: Kolatat Kritti , Perino Giorgio , Wilner Gabrielle , Kaplowitz Elianna , Ricciardi Benjamin F. , Boettner Friedrich , Westrich Geoffrey H. , Jerabek Seth A. , Goldring Steven R. , Purdue P. Edward 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTAdverse local tissue reactions (ALTR) associated with tribocorrosion following total hip arthroplasty (THA) have become a significant clinical concern in recent years. In particular, implants featuring metal‐on‐metal bearing surfaces and modular femoral stems have been reported to result in elevated rates of ALTR. These tribocorrosion‐related tissue reactions are characterized by marked necrosis and lymphocytic infiltration, which contrasts sharply with the macrophagic and foreign body giant cell inflammation associated with polyethylene wear particle induced peri‐implant osteolysis. In this study, we characterize tribocorrosion‐associated ALTR at a molecular level. Gene expression profiling of peri‐implant tissue around failing implants identifies upregulation of numerous inflammatory mediators in ALTR, including several interferon gamma inducible factors, most notably the chemokines MIG/CXCL9 and IP‐10/CXCL10. This expression profile is distinct from that associated with polyethylene wear induced osteolysis, which is characterized by induction of markers of alternative macrophage activation, such as chitotriosidase (CHIT‐1). Importantly, MIG/CXCL9 and IP‐10/CXCL10 are also elevated at the protein level in the synovial fluid and, albeit more moderately, the serum, of ALTR patients, raising the possibility that these factors may serve as circulating biomarkers for the early detection of ALTR in at‐risk patients. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:1487–1497, 2015.
Passive cigarette smoking changes the circadian rhythm of clock genes in rat intervertebral discs
Authors: Numaguchi Shumpei , Esumi Mariko , Sakamoto Mika , Endo Michiko , Ebihara Takayuki , Soma Hirotoki , Yoshida Akio , Tokuhashi Yasuaki 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTWe aimed to elucidate the molecular changes in intervertebral discs (IVDs) caused by passive smoking. Rats were subjected to 8 weeks of passive smoking; thereafter, their lumbar vertebrae were harvested. The annulus fibrosus and cartilage endplate (AF/CEP) were harvested together, and the nucleus pulposus (NP) was isolated separately. The expression of 27,342 rat genes was analyzed. In 3 “nonsmoking” rats, 96 of 112 genes whose expression varied ≥10‐fold between the AF/CEP and NP were more highly expressed in the AF/CEP. With these differentially expressed genes, we uncovered novel AF/CEP and NP marker genes and indicated their possible novel functions. Although passive smoking induced less marked alteration in the gene expression profiles of both the AF/CEP and NP, multiple clock‐related genes showed altered expression. These genes were expressed with a circadian rhythm in IVD cells, and most genes showed a phase shift of −6 to −9 h induced by passive smoking. Some clock‐related genes showed abolished oscillation in the NP. Passive smoking also changed the expression levels of proteases and protease inhibitors and reduced the expression of NP marker genes. Thus, passive smoking induces changes in the circadian rhythm of a peripheral clock (IVD clock) that might be involved in molecular events related to IVD degeneration. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:39–47, 2016.
H‐Rotoren: Vertikale Windräder
Authors: Brewer William D. , Zastrow Friedrich 
Published: May 2015

AbstractDie etablierten konventionellen Windturbinen rotieren um eine horizontale Drehachse. Deshalb benötigen sie eine aufwendige Nachführung in die Windrichtung und meist ein Getriebe zwischen Rotor und Generator. Windenergieanlagen mit vertikaler Achse, sogenannte H‐Rotoren, sind dagegen deutlich einfacher aufgebaut. Sie sind robust, wartungsarm und laufen fast geräuschlos. Daher eignen sie sich für den Betrieb an entlegenen Orten in sogenannten Insellösungen, in lokalen Netzen, aber auch in Städten. Ihr Wirkungsgrad ist nicht prinzipiell geringer als bei herkömmlichen Anlagen. Fortschritte in Konstruktion und Steuerung lassen auf einen baldigen kommerziellen Durchbruch im Bereich der kleinen und mittleren Anlagen hoffen.
Wenn der Bass wummert
Authors: Bork Ingolf 
Published: May 2015

AbstractNicht nur der Musikgenuss kann durch ausgeprägte Raumresonanzen vor allem im Bassbereich getrübt werden. Räume können auch andere Geräusche, etwa von vorbeifahrenden LKWs, unangenehm resonant verstärken. Passend abgestimmte, akustische Helmholtz‐Resonatoren können solche Resonanzen sehr effizient dämpfen. Mit optimierter Dämpfung können sie nicht nur den Pegel von tieffrequenten Raumresonanzen erheblich mindern, sondern auch das Ein‐ und Ausschwingen kurzer Schallsignale in der Resonanzfrequenz des Raums deutlich verkürzen.
Warum alter Schnee jung ist
Authors: Schneebeli Martin 
Published: May 2015

AbstractDie drei‐ und vierdimensionale Mikrotomographie (Mikro‐CT) von Schnee ermöglicht ein neues Verständnis der Mikrostrukturänderungen während seines Alterns. Neu ist die Erkenntnis, dass sich während dieser Schneemetamorphose die Kristalle vollständig neu bilden und somit alter Schnee jung ist. Bei einem typischen Temperaturgradienten von 50 K m–1 beträgt ihre Halbwertszeit zwei bis drei Tage. Die neuartigen Experimente konnten zudem zeigen, dass sich rundliche Formen auch bei hohen Temperaturgradienten bilden können. Dazu muss sich die Richtung des Temperaturgradienten wie zum Beispiel in einem Tagesgang ändern. Das kontrollierte Herstellen von naturidentischem Schnee ermöglicht nun eine systematische Erforschung der Schneemetamorphose.
Der Homerun
Authors: Mathelitsch Leopold , Thaller Sigrid 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBeim Baseball spielt sich die entscheidende Phase beim Wurf ab. Der Werfer (Pitcher) muss versuchen, den Ball am Schlagmann (Batter) der gegnerischen Mannschaft vorbei seinem Fänger (Catcher) zuzuwerfen. Das versucht er mit verschiedenen Wurftechniken. Beim Fastball setzt er auf hohe Geschwindigkeit, indem er wie beim Golf die Muskulatur fast seines gesamten Körpers einsetzt. Beim Curve‐ sowie Knuckleball nutzt er durch Drehung verursachte aerodynamische Effekte (Magnus‐Effekt), um die Flugbahn zu beeinflussen. Der Batter wiederum versucht, den Ball zu treffen und möglichst weit ins Feld zu schlagen, um einen Homerun zu erzielen. Weil der Baseballschläger schwingungsfähig ist, erfordert das die richtige Schlagtechnik.
Quanten‐Hall‐Physik mit ultrakalten Atomen
Authors: Aidelsburger Monika 
Published: May 2015

AbstractDer Quanten‐Hall‐Effekt bezeichnet das Auftreten großer stabiler Plateaus in einer Hall‐Widerstands‐Messung. Die Werte dieser Plateaus sind aufgrund der topologischen Eigenschaften des Systems außerordentlich robust und werden durch ganze Zahlen, sogenannte Chern‐Zahlen, beschrieben. In unserer Arbeitsgruppe wurde erstmals eine solche Chern‐Zahl in einem nicht‐elektronischen System aus ultrakalten Atomen experimentell bestimmt.
Quantenverschränkung verhilft zur sicheren Datenvernetzung
Authors: Bachor Hans‐A. , Armstrong Seiji 
Published: May 2015

AbstractOptische Kommunikation ist weit verbreitet und erlaubt die weltweite Vernetzung mit hohen Datenraten. Ein aktuelles Problem besteht in der Abhörsicherheit übertragener Information. Die quantenphysikalische Verschränkung könnte das Problem lösen. Einer internationalen Kollaboration unter Leitung der Australian National University gelang kürzlich ein großer Fortschritt, indem sie Laserstrahlverschränkungen mit mehr als zwei Partnern realisierte.
Relativitätstheorie mit GeoGebra
Authors: Erb Roger , Wilhelm Thomas , Kuhn Jochen 
Published: May 2015

AbstractMinkowski‐Diagramme sind eine Möglichkeit, Folgerungen aus der Relativitätstheorie geometrisch zu veranschaulichen. Immer dann, wenn grafische Elemente eine Rolle spielen, ist GeoGebra zur Modellbildung in der Physik einsetzbar.
Die kohärente Leuchte
Authors: Loos Andreas 
Published: May 2015

Abstract“Sehr reine Strahlung mit hoher Frequenz zu erzeugen” – so lautet sein Ziel. Erfahrung mit Strahlung hat der gesuchte Physiker jede Menge: Im Zweiten Weltkrieg hat er an Radarsystemen gearbeitet. Und dann kommt ihm im Frühjahr 1951 auf einer Parkbank – inspiriert unter anderem von einem Vorschlag Einsteins aus dem Jahre 1917 – der Einfall: Warum nicht Ammoniakgas durch Mikrowellen zum Abstrahlen einer elektromagnetischen Welle anregen? Die Mikrowellen‐Verstärkung durch stimulierte Strahlungsemission, kurz Maser, macht den Physiker schlagartig berühmt.
A multicenter study shows PTEN deletion is strongly associated with seminal vesicle involvement and extracapsular extension in localized prostate cancer
Authors: Troyer Dean A. , Jamaspishvili Tamara , Wei Wei , Feng Ziding , Good Jennifer , Hawley Sarah , Fazli Ladan , McKenney Jesse K. , Simko Jeff , Hurtado‐Coll Antonio , Carroll Peter R. , Gleave Martin , Lance Raymond , Lin Daniel W. , Nelson Peter S. , Thompson Ian M. , True Lawrence D. , Brooks James D. , Squire Jeremy A. 
Published: May 2015

BACKGROUNDLoss of the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) tumor suppressor gene is a promising marker of aggressive prostate cancer. Active surveillance and watchful waiting are increasingly recommended to patients with small tumors felt to be low risk, highlighting the difficulties of Gleason scoring in this setting. There is an urgent need for predictive biomarkers that can be rapidly deployed to aid in clinical decision‐making. Our objectives were to assess the incidence and ability of PTEN alterations to predict aggressive disease in a multicenter study.METHODSWe used recently developed probes optimized for sensitivity and specificity in a four‐color FISH deletion assay to study the Canary Retrospective multicenter Prostate Cancer Tissue Microarray (TMA). This TMA was constructed specifically for biomarker validation from radical prostatectomy specimens, and is accompanied by detailed clinical information with long‐term follow‐up.RESULTSIn 612 prostate cancers, the overall rate of PTEN deletion was 112 (18.3%). Hemizygous PTEN losses were present in 55/612 (9.0%) of cancers, whereas homozygous PTEN deletion was observed in 57/612 (9.3%) of tumors. Significant associations were found between PTEN status and pathologic stage (P < 0.0001), seminal vesicle invasion (P = 0.0008), extracapsular extension (P < 0.0001), and Gleason score (P = 0.0002). In logistic regression analysis of clinical and pathological variables, PTEN deletion was significantly associated with extracapsular extension, seminal vesicle involvement, and higher Gleason score. In the 406 patients in which clinical information was available, PTEN homozygous (P = 0.009) deletion was associated with worse post‐operative recurrence‐free survival (number of events = 189), pre‐operative prostate specific antigen (PSA) (P < 0.001), and pathologic stage (P = 0.03).CONCLUSIONPTEN status assessed by FISH is an independent predictor for recurrence‐free survival in multivariate models, as were seminal vesicle invasion, extracapsular extension, and Gleason score, and preoperative PSA. Furthermore, these data demonstrate that the assay can be readily introduced at first diagnosis in a cost effective manner analogous to the use of FISH for analysis of HER2/neu status in breast cancer. Combined with published research beginning 17 years ago, both the data and tools now exist to implement a PTEN assay in the clinic. Prostate 75: 1206–1215, 2015. © 2015 The Authors. The Prostate, published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Association of ERG and TMPRSS2‐ERG with grade, stage, and prognosis of prostate cancer is dependent on their expression levels
Authors: Font‐Tello Alba , Juanpere Núria , de Muga Silvia , Lorenzo Marta , Lorente José A. , Fumado Lluis , Serrano Laia , Serrano Sergio , Lloreta Josep , Hernández Silvia 
Published: May 2015

BACKGROUNDThere is controversy in the literature on the role of the fusion TMPRSS2‐ERG in the pathogenesis and progression of prostate cancer. The quantitative differences in TMPRSS2‐ERG fusion expression have received very limited attention in the literature.METHODSWe have quantitatively analyzed the mRNA levels of TMPRSS2‐ERG, ERG, PTEN, and AR (n = 83), as well as ERG immunostaining (n = 78) in a series of prostate tumors.RESULTSAmong the TMPRSS2‐ERG cases (n = 57), high fusion levels were associated with GS ≥8 (P = 0.025). ERG mRNA overexpression was associated with GS ≥8 (P = 0.047), and with stage T3–T4 tumors (P = 0.032). Among the ERG overexpressing cases (n = 54), higher expression levels were found in 92.3% of GS ≥8 tumors (P = 0.02). ERG immunostaining, regardless of staining intensity, was also associated with high stage (P = 0.05). There was a statistical association between ERG immunostaining and PSA progression‐free survival (Log Rank test, P = 0.048). Decreased PTEN expression was associated with TMPRSS2‐ERG (P = 0.01), ERG mRNA overexpression (P = 0.003) and ERG immunostaining (P = 0.007). Furthermore, decreased PTEN expression, alone (P = 0.041) and also combined with TMPRSS2‐ERG (P = 0.04) or with ERG overexpression (P = 0.04) was associated with GS ≥7 tumors.CONCLUSIONSAlthough more studies are needed to further clarify their role, our findings emphasize that the expression levels of the TMPRSS2‐ERG fusion and ERG mRNA, rather than their mere presence, are related to a more aggressive phenotype, have an effect on prognosis and could be molecular markers of progression for prostate cancer. Furthermore, ERG immunohistochemistry could be also a potentially useful prognostic factor. Prostate 75: 1216–1226, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
BICUVOX.1‐matrix composite electrolyte with yttria‐stabilized zirconia as an inert phase: SEM evaluation of the chemical stability under hydrogen atmosphere
Authors: Piva R. H. , Piva D. H. , Venturini J. , Floriano R. , Morelli M. R. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of yttria‐stabilized zirconia (3Y‐TZP) as an inert phase to prevent the decomposition of Bi2V0.9Cu0.1O5.5−δ (BICUVOX.1) electrolyte under reducing atmosphere. A post‐mortem scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study was performed after chemical stability tests under hydrogen‐rich atmosphere using a Sieverts‐type apparatus. SEM results showed that BICUVOX.1 decomposition starts under a hydrogen pressure of 19.7 atm at 300°C, even in the case of the composite containing 3Y‐TZP. The microstructure of BICUVOX.1 after decomposition was observed to be composed of microspheres ranging from 10 to 100 µm formed primarily of metallic bismuth. In the composite, in addition to microspheres, the microstructure contained bismuth fibers growth from the grain area of the BICUVOX.1 matrix. Despite significant surface morphological modifications, the grain‐boundary‐arranged 3Y‐TZP particles in a BICUVOX.1‐matrix composite did not result in enhanced chemical stability. SCANNING 37:372–379, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hypoxanthine deregulates genes involved in early neuronal development. Implications in Lesch‐Nyhan disease pathogenesis
Authors: Torres R. J. , Puig J. G. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractNeurological manifestations in Lesch‐Nyhan disease (LND) are attributed to the effect of hypoxanthine‐guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) deficiency on the nervous system development. HPRT deficiency causes the excretion of increased amounts of hypoxanthine into the extracellular medium and we hypothesized that HPRT deficiency related to hypoxanthine excess may then lead, directly or indirectly, to transcriptional aberrations in a variety of genes essential for the function and development of striatal progenitor cells. We have examined the effect of hypoxanthine excess on the differentiation of neurons in the well‐established human NTERA‐2 cl.D1 (NT2/D1) embryonic carcinoma neurogenesis model. NT2/D1 cells differentiate along neuroectodermal lineages after exposure to retinoic acid (RA). Hypoxanthine effects on RA‐differentiation were examined by the changes on the expression of various transcription factor genes essential to neuronal differentiation and by the changes in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine, adenosine and serotonin receptors (DRD, ADORA, HTR). We report that hypoxanthine excess deregulate WNT4, from Wnt/β‐catenin pathway, and engrailed homeobox 1 gene and increased TH and dopamine DRD1, adenosine ADORA2A and serotonin HTR7 receptors, whose over expression characterize early neuro‐developmental processes.
Carbon-based solid-liquid lubricating coatings for space applications-A review
Authors: Fan Xiaoqiang , Xue QunJi , Wang Liping 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Despite continuous improvements in machine elements over the past few decades, lubrication issues have impeded human exploration of the universe because single solid or liquid lubrication systems have been unable to satisfy the ever-increasing performance requirements of space tribology. In this study, we present an overview of the development of carbon-based films as protective coatings, with reference to their high hardness, low friction, and chemical inertness, and with a particular focus on diamond-like carbon (DLC) films. We also discuss the design of carbon-based solid-liquid synergy lubricating coatings with regards to their physicochemical properties and tribological performance. Solid-liquid composite coatings are fabricated via spinning liquid lubricants on solid lubricating films. Such duplex lubricating coatings are considered the most ideal lubrication choice for moving mechanical systems in space as they can overcome the drawback of adhesion and cold-welding associated with solid films under harsh space conditions and can minimize the crosslinking or chain scission of liquid lubricants under space irradiation. State of the art carbon-based solid-liquid synergy lubricating systems therefore holds great promise for space applications due to solid/liquid synergies resulting in superior qualities including excellent friction reduction and anti-wear properties as well as strong anti-irradiation capacities, thereby meeting the requirements of high reliability, high precision, high efficiency, and long lifetime for space drive mechanisms.
The physicochemical dynamics of carbonatization of the rocks of lithospheric mantle beneath the Siberian Platform
Authors: Sharapov V.N. , Chudnenko K.V. , Tomilenko A.A. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Software modeling flow multireservoir systems was used to study the dynamics of carbonatization of lithospheric mantle with flows of magmatic fluids directed from a chamber in the upper mantle to the permeable zone, which dissects continental lithosphere. It has been shown that the region of physicochemical conditions of carbonatization in depleted mantle rocks corresponds to the narrow range of the compositions of hypothetical fluids. If the total content of the fluid is ~4 wt.% and the contents of SiO2 and Ca are 0.5–0.1 moles, (1) the ratio of the molar fractions of Si to Ca is less than unity; (2) the ratios of molar fractions in the C–H–O system are 1:2:3 or 2:1:2; (3) –8 &lt; log pO2 &lt; –11; and (4) CO2 content in the fluid is higher than H2O content by a factor of 1.5–2, and chlorine significantly dominates over fluorine. If the content of the fluid phase is lower and this phase has a lower major-element content by an order of magnitude, the carbonatization becomes stronger as Ca content decreases.
Prograde transformations of amphibolites into eclogites and eclogite-like rocks in the low-pressure field of the eclogite facies (by the example of the Belomorian Mobile Belt)
Authors: Kozlovskii V.M. , Aranovich L.Ya. , Frishman N.I. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Plagioclase-bearing garnet–omphacite (Grt–Omp) eclogites and garnet–augite eclogite-like (Grt–Aug) schists from the amphibolite and gneiss beds of the Belomorian Mobile Belt have been studied. They are spread over a large area. In most of the studied objects, these rocks have preserved primary concordant relations with the host amphibolite and gneiss strata; they are not disturbed by late tectonic processes and are not genetically related to tectonic-melange zones. Their protoliths were amphibolite lenses in gneisses or large mafic zones composed of amphibolites. The Grt–Omp eclogites formed in the low-pressure field of the eclogite facies (P = 12.5–13.0 kbar, T = 600–630 °C), and the eclogite-like Grt–Aug rocks, at the boundary between the amphibolite and eclogite facies (P = 9.6–11.1 kbar, T = 630–700 °C), under the intense impact of metamorphic fluid on the amphibolites. The compositional evolution of the rock-forming minerals during the formation of Grt–Omp eclogites and eclogite-like Grt–Aug rocks followed the same scheme. The petrographic diversity of apoamphibolite rocks (Grt–Omp eclogites and Grt–Aug schists) might be due to the difference both in the bulk composition of the metabasic protolith and in the ratios of CaO and Na2O activities in the metamorphic fluid. The relatively low content of CaO leads to the formation of Grt–Omp paragenesis in eclogites. Higher CaO contents give rise to eclogite-like Grt–Aug rocks containing jadeite-poor clinopyroxene.
The basic parameters of acceleration spectra for M ≥ 5 earthquakes in the Baikal Rift Zone
Authors: Drennov A.F. , Dzhurik V.I. , Serebrennikov S.P. , Bryzhak E.V. , Drennova N.N. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
We consider the acceleration spectra of S waves from M = 5–6.5 earthquakes that occurred in three regions of the Baikal Rift Zone. The main characteristics of the shape and level of the spectra are given, and the difference between the spectra in the relative positions of the focus and seismic station is shown. Average acceleration spectra have been obtained for all three regions with regard to shape and the magnitude of the earthquakes. The spectra have been transformed so that they correspond to the accelerations of M = 6.5 and M = 7.5 earthquakes. The conclusion is made that the spectra not necessarily retain their shape even with the same movements in the focus.
La enseñanza de los estudiantes en ciencias de la salud: ¿Podemos poner más atención en el aprendizaje?
Authors: Sánchez-Mendiola Melchor 
Published: May 2015

“Enseñar no es una función vital, porqueno tiene el fin en sí misma; la funciónvital es aprender”Aristóteles
¡Qué fácil es confundir el proceso con el resultado! Propongo al lector que reflexione sobre las siguientes afirmaciones: “Los estudiantes de ahora no son como los de antes (léase: como yo), carecen de motivación intrínseca, sólo les interesan las cosas materiales”.