bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation of charge transport with structural order in highly ordered melt‐crystallized poly(3‐hexylthiophene) thin films
Authors: Singh Chetan R. , Gupta Gaurav , Lohwasser Ruth , Engmann Sebastian , Balko Jens , Thelakkat Mukundan , Thurn‐Albrecht Thomas , Hoppe Harald 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTA series of well‐defined poly(3‐hexylthiophene)s (P3HT) of different molecular weight (MW) and high regioregularity was investigated for charge transport properties in as‐cast and melt‐crystallized films. The semicrystalline structure of the P3HT was characterized by X‐ray scattering and Atomic force microscopy. Crystallization by cooling from the melt led to a substantial increase in crystallinity and a stronger alignment of the crystals in comparison to as‐cast films. The increase in crystallinity went along with an increase in hole mobility of up to an order of magnitude as measured by the space charge limited current method. Additionally, the hole mobility depended on the long period of P3HT lamellae and consequently on the MW. In compliance with the long period, the charge carrier mobility first increased with the MW before decreasing again at the onset of chain folding. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2013, 51, 943–951
Crystal structure of the protein from Arabidopsis thaliana gene At5g06450, a putative DnaQ‐like exonuclease domain‐containing protein with homohexameric assembly
Authors: Smith David W. , Han Mi Ra , Park Joon Sung , Kim Kyung Rok , Yeom Taeho , Lee Ji Yeon , Kim Do Jin , Bingman Craig A. , Kim Hyun‐Jung , Jo Kyubong , Han Byung Woo , Phillips George N. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTArabidopsis thaliana gene At5g06450 encodes a putative DnaQ‐like 3′‐5′ exonuclease domain‐containing protein (AtDECP). The DnaQ‐like 3′‐5′ exonuclease domain is often found as a proofreading domain of DNA polymerases. The overall structure of AtDECP adopts an RNase H fold that consists of a mixed β‐sheet flanked by α‐helices. Interestingly, AtDECP forms a homohexameric assembly with a central six fold symmetry, generating a central cavity. The ring‐shaped structure and comparison with WRN‐exo, the best structural homologue of AtDECP, suggest a possible mechanism for implementing its exonuclease activity using positively charged patch on the N‐terminal side of the homohexameric assembly. The homohexameric structure of AtDECP provides unique information about the interaction between the DnaQ‐like 3′‐5′ exonuclease and its substrate nucleic acids.Proteins 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of new and old pesticides onOrius armatus(Gross)—an Australian predator of western flower thrips,Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande)
Authors: Broughton Sonya , Harrison Jessica , Rahman Touhidur 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDOrius armatus(Gross) is an important predator of western flower thrips,Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Australian glasshouse grown sweet pepper. The failure ofO. armatusto establish in some glasshouses has been attributed to the use of newer, more non‐selective pesticides, some of which are regarded to be compatible with integrated pest management. The residual toxicity (via direct and indirect contact) of several older and newer chemistry pesticides were evaluated. In addition, the effect of several systemic insecticides through insecticide‐treated food‐chain uptake was tested.RESULTSOlder chemistry pesticides (methamidophos, dimethoate) were toxic toOrius armatus, except pirimicarb which was non‐toxic. Newer chemistry pesticides differed in their suitability. Abamectin was toxic to adults and nymphs. Chlorantraniliprole, imidacloprid and spirotetramat were non‐toxic. Spinosad and spinetoram were moderately toxic toO. armatus. Spinosad also reduced fecundity by 20% compared to the untreated control. Pymetrozine was non‐toxic, but females exposed to treated beans produced 30% fewer eggs and 20% fewer nymphs hatched compared to the untreated control.CONCLUSIONSThe selective pesticides do not necessarily facilitate the conservation of beneficials, and further assessment of the various developmental stages and other sub‐lethal effects of chlorantraniliprole, imidacloprid, pymetrozine, spinetoram, and spirotetramat is recommended. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
“Only Connect!” Social Capital, Resilience, and Recovery
Authors: Tierney Kathleen 
Published: April 2013

AbstractDaniel Aldrich's Building Resilience combines theoretical insights on the role of social capital in community life and extensive empirical research on its impact on recovery following four disasters. In her review of this major contribution, Kathleen Tierney discusses the conceptualization and measurement of disaster recovery and resilience and the relevance of social capital in its multiple forms. She then highlights potential contributions of supra‐local entities to improving disaster outcomes that Aldrich seems reluctant to consider.
Response to My Critics
Authors: Aldrich Daniel P. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis article responds to the questions and criticisms raised by six reviewers about my book Building Resilience: Social Capital in Post‐Disaster Recovery. I focus on the distinctions between social capital types (bonding, bridging, and linking), the difficulties in pinning down widely accepted proxies for social capital, the double‐edged nature of social networks, race, class, and ethnicity, and public policies which can deepen reservoirs of social capital. Given the ubiquitous nature of disasters and society's need to move beyond technical and engineering‐based responses to crisis, this article continues an important dialogue on the role of human factors in disaster management and response.
Microanalytical study of the fresco ‘the good and the bad judge’ in the medieval village of Monsaraz (Southern Portugal)
Authors: Gil M. , Araujo C. , Carvalho M.L. , Longelin S. , Dias L. , Valadas S. , Souto C. , Frade J. , Ribeiro I. , Mirão J. , Candeias A. 
Published: April 2013

This article describes a study carried out on the emblematic mural painting so‐called ‘fresco of the good and bad judge’ located at the medieval village of Monsaraz (southern Portugal).This painting, with two distintic narratives, is thematically unique in Portugal and rare in the context of European Renaissance art. Scientific research was undertaken to clarify doubts about the chronology of the two painted scenes through a technical study and a material characterization of its constituents, namely, mortars, pigments, and binders.Elemental and chemical analyses were performed by scanning electron microscopy with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy detector, optic microscopy, μ‐Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy.Comparative examination revealed that along with the stylistic similarities, there are no recognizable differences in the painting technique (garments and carnations) nor in the structure and composition of the pictorial support and chromatic layers. The mortars of both scenes are made of lime with different ratios of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) mixed with siliceous and granitic aggregates. An intonachino made with a more calcitic lime is visible in all carnations. The pigments identified in both scenes were mercury sulfide (HgS), red and yellow ochres (Fe2O3 and FeO(OH) as chromophores), carbon black (C) and azurite (2CuCO3.Cu(OH)2). The extensive areas of chromatic losses seem to indicate that a mixed pictorial technique was used by the artist (fresco and secco). Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of soldering and welding processes in ancient gold jewelry by micro‐XRF spectroscopy
Authors: Scrivano S. , Gómez‐Tubío B. , Ortega‐Feliu I. , Ager F. J. , Moreno‐Suárez A. I. , Respaldiza M. A. , de la Bandera M. L. , Marmolejo A. 
Published: April 2013

In science applied to cultural heritage, the study of the manufacturing procedures of ancient metal artifacts is of particular relevance. In fact, metal manufacturing is correlated with the development of civilization.The aim of this work is to reconstruct, by means of experimental archeology, the ancient soldering and welding processes, in order to identify them in archeological samples using a portable micro X‐ray fluorescence (micro‐XRF) system. This portable and nondestructive technique provides a useful method for characterizing the manufacturing of ancient gold jewelry.Various gold alloys were produced with different Ag and Cu content to simulate real cases. Besides, on the basis of archeometallurgy techniques, replicas of decorations were fabricated following the ancient recipes such as those described in Naturalis Historia and Leiden Papyrus X. The content of Au, Ag, and Cu within the soldering or welding areas was quantified with the micro‐XRF technique.The methodology described in this work was applied to the particular case of alloys with high gold concentrations, such as Tartessic jewelry (700–500 BC), to identify the different welding and soldering techniques. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MACROBIUS, SATURNALIA 5.11.1–3 AND A VIRGILIAN READING
Authors: Monda Salvatore 
Published: April 2013

Macrobius devotes almost the whole morning of the third day in his Saturnalia to Virgil. Eustathius, in response to a question from Euangelus, examines what Virgil drew from the Greeks and from Homer in particular. In chapter 11 of Book 5, the expositor quotes and comments on some loci similes, judging in favour of the Roman poet. At the start of the chapter, he compares the bee simile in Aeneid 1.430–6 with a passage from Homer, Iliad 2.87–93:
Et haec quidem iudicio legentium relinquenda sunt, ut ipsi aestiment quid debeant de utriusque collatione sentire. Si tamen me consulas, non negabo nonnumquam Vergilium in transferendo densius excoluisse, ut in hoc loco:Qualis apes aestate noua per florea ruraexercet sub sole labor, cum gentis adultoseducunt fetos, aut cum liquentia mellastipant et dulces distendunt nectare cellas,aut onera accipiunt uenientum aut agmine factoignauum, fucos, pecus a praesepibus arcent.feruet opus, redolentque thymo fraglantia mella.
A SYNTACTICAL HELLENISM AT HORACE, SATIRES 1.3.120–1, AND A POSSIBLE IMITATION IN LIVY
Authors: Victor Benjamin 
Published: April 2013

Horace, Satires 1.3.117–23, as transmitted:
adsitregula, peccatis quae poenas inroget aequas,ne scutica dignum horribili sectere flagello.nam ut ferula caedas meritum maiora subire 120uerbera non uereor, cum dicas esse paris resfurta latrociniis et magnis parua minerisfalce recisurum simili te, si tibi regnumpermittant homines.Let there be a rule to impose fair penalties for transgressions, lest you pursue with terrible scourge one deserving but the stick. You see, I don't fear that you will strike with a schoolmaster's rod one who has earned more serious lashing when you say mere thefts are of a pair with brigandage and threaten to trim little things and great with like sickle, would the world but grant you power.
Horace is attacking the Stoics for their doctrine that all sins are equal. The overall run of sense must be that given above. If kept, the ut of line 120 must then have the value of ne: were it allowed its normal meaning in expressions of fear (‘lest not’) the opposite of what is required would be said. The oddity of the construction was long excused as a sort of anacoluthon, provoked by the postponement of uereor. Such defences of the received text were rightly criticised by Palmer and Housman: ‘incredible’, they both concluded, and indeed it is incredible that Horace could have in such a short space forgotten what he had written, and forgotten it in such a way as to say the opposite of what he meant.
Micro-ribonucleic acids in head and neck cancer: an introduction
Authors: Gunawardena I , Fitzgerald J , Morley A , Hussey D J , Woods C M , Carney A S 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackground and methods:Head and neck cancer is the sixth most common cancer worldwide. Advances in management have not greatly altered overall survival. Over the last decade, there have been significant scientific advances in our knowledge of cell cycle regulation and the complex oncogenic processes. MicroRNAs are small, non-coding RNAs which are integral to the regulation of gene expression and which play a part in carcinogenesis. The literature on the role of microRNA in head and neck cancer is reviewed.Objective:To introduce the role and significance of microRNAs in head and neck cancer.Results:The possibilities of incorporating microRNAs into clinical practice are discussed, including their potential role in diagnosis, prognosis, prediction of metastatic spread, therapy and tumour surveillance.Conclusion:Discoveries in expression profiling of microRNA in head and neck oncology promise advancements in the diagnosis, prognosis and therapy of these cancers.
The utility of yeast as a tool for cell-based, target-directed high-throughput screening
Authors: NORCLIFFE J. L. , ALVAREZ-RUIZ E. , MARTIN-PLAZA J. J. , STEEL P. G. , DENNY P. W. 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYMany Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) have recently been subject of increased focus, particularly with relation to high-throughput screening (HTS) initiatives. These vital endeavours largely rely of two approaches, in vitro target-directed screening using biochemical assays or cell-based screening which takes no account of the target or targets being hit. Despite their successes both of these approaches have limitations; for example, the production of soluble protein and a lack of cellular context or the problems and expense of parasite cell culture. In addition, both can be challenging to miniaturize for ultra (u)HTS and expensive to utilize. Yeast-based systems offer a cost-effective approach to study and screen protein targets in a direct-directed manner within a eukaryotic cellular context. In this review, we examine the utility and limitations of yeast cell-based, target-directed screening. In particular we focus on the currently under-explored possibility of using such formats in uHTS screening campaigns for NTDs.
Individual- and area-level influence on suicide risk: a multilevel longitudinal study of Swedish schoolchildren
Authors: Zammit S. , Gunnell D. , Lewis G. , Leckie G. , Dalman C. , Allebeck P. 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundCharacteristics related to the areas where people live have been associated with suicide risk, although these might reflect aggregation into these communities of individuals with mental health or social problems. No studies have examined whether area characteristics during childhood are associated with subsequent suicide, or whether risk associated with individual characteristics varies according to childhood neighbourhood context.MethodWe conducted a longitudinal study of 204 323 individuals born in Sweden in 1972 and 1977 with childhood data linked to suicide (n = 314; 0.15%) up to age 26–31 years. Multilevel modelling was used to examine: (i) whether school-, municipality- or county-level characteristics during childhood are associated with later suicide, independently of individual effects, and (ii) whether associations between individual characteristics and suicide vary according to school context (reflecting both peer group and neighbourhood effects).ResultsAssociations between suicide and most contextual measures, except for school-level gender composition, were explained by individual characteristics. There was some evidence of cross-level effects of individual- and school-level markers of ethnicity and deprivation on suicide risk, with qualitative interaction patterns. For example, having foreign-born parents increased the risk for individuals raised in areas where they were in a relative minority, but protected against suicide in areas where larger proportions of the population had foreign-born parents.ConclusionsCharacteristics that define individuals as being different from most people in their local environment as they grow up may increase suicide risk. If robustly replicated, these findings have potentially important implications for understanding the aetiology of suicide and informing social policy.
The molecular basis for Mucosal-Associated Invariant T cell recognition of MR1 proteins
Authors: López-Sagaseta Jacinto , Dulberger Charles L. , Crooks James E. , Parks Chelsea D. , Luoma Adrienne M. , McFedries Amanda , Van Rhijn Ildiko , Saghatelian Alan , Adams Erin J. 
Published: April 2013

SignificanceMucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a highly conserved lineage of αβ T cells found in most mammals. These cells express a T-cell receptor of low diversity that recognizes vitamin metabolites presented by the MHC-related protein, MR1. Despite the evolutionary divergence of MR1 from other MHC proteins, we have found that MAIT T-cell receptors recognize MR1 using similar molecular strategies as that of the highly diverse, conventional αβ T cells, which recognize classical MHC molecules presenting peptide fragments. Our results also shed light onto how MR1-presented antigens can modulate the MAIT–T-cell receptor affinity and MAIT cell stimulation.
Objects and Their Glassy Essence: Semiotics of Self in the Early Bronze Age Black Sea
Authors: Bauer Alexander A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis article draws upon two concepts deployed by the American pragmatist philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce in his semiotic writings that have so far received little attention in studies of materiality and agency in archaeology, those of the “Interpretant” and “habit.” The emphasis of both of these concepts on the interpretive side of semiotic functioning suggests that some of the problems with current theories of material agency may be due to their focus on the production of meaning rather than the recursive nature of meaning-making that requires consideration of the consumption side of meaningful communication acts as well. Using an example of pottery-making practices from the Early Bronze Age Black Sea region, this article argues that we should instead rethink agency as an “archaeology of self” in which identity and meaning of signs—whether words, people, or things—are distributed across and emergent from social networks and communities of interpreters.
Perioperative Comparative Effectiveness of Anesthetic Technique in Orthopedic Patients
Authors: Memtsoudis Stavros G. , Sun Xuming , Chiu Ya-Lin , Stundner Ottokar , Liu Spencer S. , Banerjee Samprit , Mazumdar Madhu , Sharrock Nigel E. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Background
The impact of anesthetic technique on perioperative outcomes remains controversial. We studied a large national sample of primary joint arthroplasty recipients and hypothesized that neuraxial anesthesia favorably influences perioperative outcomes.

Methods
Data from approximately 400 hospitals between 2006 and 2010 were accessed. Patients who underwent primary hip or knee arthroplasty were identified and subgrouped by anesthesia technique: general, neuraxial, and combined neuraxial–general. Demographics, postoperative complications, 30-day mortality, length of stay, and patient cost were analyzed and compared. Multivariable analyses were conducted to identify the independent impact of choice of anesthetic on outcomes.

Results
Of 528,495 entries of patients undergoing primary hip or knee arthroplasty, information on anesthesia type was available for 382,236 (71.4%) records. Eleven percent were performed under neuraxial, 14.2% under combined neuraxial–general, and 74.8% under general anesthesia. Average age and comorbidity burden differed modestly between groups. When neuraxial anesthesia was used, 30-day mortality was significantly lower (0.10, 0.10, and 0.18%; P < 0.001), as was the incidence of prolonged (>75th percentile) length of stay, increased cost, and in-hospital complications. In the multivariable regression, neuraxial anesthesia was associated with the most favorable complication risk profile. Thirty-day mortality remained significantly higher in the general compared with the neuraxial or neuraxial–general group for total knee arthroplasty (adjusted odds ratio [OR] of 1.83, 95% CI 1.08–3.1, P = 0.02; OR of 1.70, 95% CI 1.06–2.74, P = 0.02, respectively).

Conclusions
The utilization of neuraxial versus general anesthesia for primary joint arthroplasty is associated with superior perioperative outcomes. More research is needed to study potential mechanisms for these findings.
The Endoplasmic Reticulum Is a Reservoir for WAVE/SCAR Regulatory Complex Signaling in the Arabidopsis Leaf
Authors: Zhang Chunhua , Mallery Eileen , Reagan Sara , Boyko Vitaly P. , Kotchoni Simeon O. , Szymanski Daniel B. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractDuring plant cell morphogenesis, signal transduction and cytoskeletal dynamics interact to locally organize the cytoplasm and define the geometry of cell expansion. The WAVE/SCAR (for WASP family verprolin homologous/suppressor of cyclic AMP receptor) regulatory complex (W/SRC) is an evolutionarily conserved heteromeric protein complex. Within the plant kingdom W/SRC is a broadly used effector that converts Rho-of-Plants (ROP)/Rac small GTPase signals into Actin-Related Protein2/3 and actin-dependent growth responses. Although the components and biochemistry of the W/SRC pathway are well understood, a basic understanding of how cells partition W/SRC into active and inactive pools is lacking. In this paper, we report that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an important organelle for W/SRC regulation. We determined that a large intracellular pool of the core W/SRC subunit NAP1, like the known positive regulator of W/SRC, the DOCK family guanine nucleotide-exchange factor SPIKE1 (SPK1), localizes to the surface of the ER. The ER-associated NAP1 is inactive because it displays little colocalization with the actin network, and ER localization requires neither activating signals from SPK1 nor a physical association with its W/SRC-binding partner, SRA1. Our results indicate that in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaf pavement cells and trichomes, the ER is a reservoir for W/SRC signaling and may have a key role in the early steps of W/SRC assembly and/or activation.
Integration of Genome-Scale Modeling and Transcript Profiling Reveals Metabolic Pathways Underlying Light and Temperature Acclimation in Arabidopsis
Authors: Töpfer Nadine , Caldana Camila , Grimbs Sergio , Willmitzer Lothar , Fernie Alisdair R. , Nikoloski Zoran 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Understanding metabolic acclimation of plants to challenging environmental conditions is essential for dissecting the role of metabolic pathways in growth and survival. As stresses involve simultaneous physiological alterations across all levels of cellular organization, a comprehensive characterization of the role of metabolic pathways in acclimation necessitates integration of genome-scale models with high-throughput data. Here, we present an integrative optimization-based approach, which, by coupling a plant metabolic network model and transcriptomics data, can predict the metabolic pathways affected in a single, carefully controlled experiment. Moreover, we propose three optimization-based indices that characterize different aspects of metabolic pathway behavior in the context of the entire metabolic network. We demonstrate that the proposed approach and indices facilitate quantitative comparisons and characterization of the plant metabolic response under eight different light and/or temperature conditions. The predictions of the metabolic functions involved in metabolic acclimation of Arabidopsis thaliana to the changing conditions are in line with experimental evidence and result in a hypothesis about the role of homocysteine-to-Cys interconversion and Asn biosynthesis. The approach can also be used to reveal the role of particular metabolic pathways in other scenarios, while taking into consideration the entirety of characterized plant metabolism.