bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Richard Guldeford's Pilgrimage: Piety and Cultural Change in Late Fifteenth‐ and Early Sixteenth‐Century England
Authors: Lutton Rob 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe account of Sir Richard Guldeford's pilgrimage, printed in 1511, is just one of over 500 surviving medieval accounts of the Jerusalem pilgrimage. In many ways conventional, it nonetheless bears a number of distinctive features. Its presentation of first‐person detailed eyewitness testimony in conjunction with judicious use of source material, innovative treatment of travel balanced with sober and restrained piety, and eschewal of some of the more fabulous aspects of pilgrimage literature, all make it an important example of the vogue for sober piety in late fifteenth‐ and early sixteenth‐century England. It provides evidence of critical engagement with debates surrounding pilgrimage and related aspects of religious practice such as indulgences and the cult of relics, and it is an important example of new approaches to the writing and publishing of the literature of pilgrimage and travel. Richard Guldeford, royal courtier and civil servant, did not write the account of his pilgrimage to the Holy Land, but it emanated from the Guldeford family's interests in fashionable humanist learning and reformist religious sensibilities. The text's innovations and tensions are representative of wider shifts and deeper fault‐lines in late medieval religious culture prior to the enormous religious changes of the Reformation, and are further evidence of the ways in which pre‐Reformation orthodox religious culture was neither homogeneous nor unchanging. Above all, it offered a reformed and rehabilitated practice of the Jerusalem pilgrimage at a time when pilgrimage was increasingly vulnerable to attacks from both orthodox and heterodox critics.
Clarifying the importance of trust in organizations as a component of effective work relationships
Authors: Sousa‐Lima Maria , Michel John W. , Caetano António 
Published: January 2013

AbstractOrganizational trust is an important element of an organization's long‐term success, as it is a central component of effective work relationships. This study examines the extent to which one's trust in the organization mediates the relationship between three drivers of social exchange relationships and three attitudinal outcomes. The results from a sample of 1,300 manufacturing employees revealed that trust in the organization partially mediated the relationship between perceived supervisor support and turnover intentions, affective organizational commitment and job satisfaction, and fully mediated the relationship between distributive justice and information receiving and these outcomes. This paper extends the empirical literature about the antecedents and consequences of trust in organization, giving special attention to the mediating role of trust in organizations.
Maternal smoking during pregnancy and childhood overweight and fat distribution: the KOALA Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Timmermans S. H. , Mommers M. , Gubbels J. S. , Kremers S. P. J. , Stafleu A. , Stehouwer C. D. A. , Prins M. H. , Penders J. , Thijs C. 
Published: January 2013

Summary
What is already known about this subject
There is an association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and higher body mass index (BMI) and overweight in childhood.

What this study adds
The association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and childhood overweight develops with age, starting with a lower birth weight, followed by weight catch‐up in the first year after birth, finally leading to overweight at school age.
Children of mothers who had smoked during pregnancy had a higher risk of exceeding the 85th percentile of BMI, waist circumference and total skinfold thickness at school age.
BackgroundMaternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with childhood overweight, but the association with fat distribution is not clear.ObjectiveTo explore the longitudinal association between smoking during pregnancy and childhood overweight and fat distribution.MethodsIn the KOALA Birth Cohort Study, repeated questionnaires were administered to 2698 mother–child pairs, including questions on smoking at 14 and 34 weeks of pregnancy. Main outcomes were birth weight, weight gain in the first year, body mass index (BMI) z‐scores and overweight (BMI ≥85th percentile) at 1, 2, 4–5 and 6–7 years (n = 1730) and waist circumference and four skinfold thicknesses measured at home visits at age 6–7 years in a subgroup (n = 418). We used multivariable linear and logistic regression, with generalized estimating equations (GEE) for repeated measurements.ResultsMaternal smoking was associated with lower birth weight, higher weight gain in the first year and increasing overweight after infancy (change with age P = 0.02 in the GEE). Maternal smoking vs. non‐smoking during pregnancy was associated with a higher risk of the child exceeding the 85th percentile of BMI (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.72; 95% CI 1.33–10.4), waist circumference (aOR 2.65; 95% CI 1.06–6.59) and sum of skinfold thicknesses (aOR 4.45; 95% CI 1.63–12.2) at the age of 6–7 years.ConclusionsMaternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with lower birth weight, weight catch‐up and development of overweight into childhood.
In Situ Thermometry Measuring Temperature Flashes Exceeding 1,700°C in 8 mol% Y2O3‐Stablized Zirconia Under Constant‐Voltage Heating
Authors: Park Jungdeok , Chen I‐Wei 
Published: January 2013

Using AC impedance spectroscopy as a means of in situ thermometry, temperature runaway over 1,500°C within a few seconds was observed for the first time in dense 92 mol% ZrO2–8 mol% Y2O3 (8YSZ) ceramics heated under a constant voltage. Such runaway is especially pronounced when starting from a low background temperature in samples of a small surface‐to‐volume ratio, and is expected to be commonplace during flash sintering of porous ceramic cubes or cylinders. The method of AC impedance‐based thermometry is applicable to other ceramics with a well‐defined conduction mechanism at high temperature.
Genistein, a natural product derived from soybeans, ameliorates polyglutamine‐mediated motor neuron disease
Authors: Qiang Qiang , Adachi Hiroaki , Huang Zhe , Jiang Yue‐Mei , Katsuno Masahisa , Minamiyama Makoto , Doi Hideki , Matsumoto Shinjiro , Kondo Naohide , Miyazaki Yu , Iida Madoka , Tohnai Genki , Sobue Gen 
Published: January 2013

AbstractSpinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is an inherited motor neuron disease caused by the expansion of a polyglutamine (polyQ) tract within the androgen receptor (AR) gene. The pathologic features of SBMA are motor neuron loss in the spinal cord and brainstem, and diffuse nuclear accumulation and nuclear inclusions of mutant AR in residual motor neurons and certain visceral organs. AR‐associated coregulator 70 (ARA70) was the first coregulator of AR to be identified, and it has been shown to interact with AR and increase its protein stability. Here, we report that genistein, an isoflavone found in soy, disrupts the interaction between AR and ARA70 and promotes the degradation of mutant AR in neuronal cells and transgenic mouse models of SBMA. We also demonstrate that dietary genistein ameliorates behavioral abnormalities, improves spinal cord and muscle pathology, and decreases the amounts of monomeric AR and high‐molecular‐weight mutant AR protein aggregates in SBMA transgenic mice. Thus, genistein treatment may be a potential therapeutic approach for alleviating the symptoms of SBMA by disrupting the interactions between AR and ARA70.
Accurate scoring of the apnea–hypopnea index using a simple non‐contact breathing sensor
Authors: Beattie Zachary T. , Hayes Tamara L. , Guilleminault Christian , Hagen Chad C. 
Published: January 2013

SummarySleep apnea is a serious condition that afflicts many individuals and is associated with serious health complications. Polysomnography, the gold standard for assessing and diagnosing sleep apnea, uses breathing sensors that are intrusive and can disrupt the patient's sleep during the overnight testing. We investigated the use of breathing signals derived from non‐contact force sensors (i.e. load cells) placed under the supports of the bed as an alternative to traditional polysomnography breathing sensors (e.g. nasal pressure, oral‐nasal thermistor, chest belt and abdominal belt). The apnea–hypopnea index estimated using the load cells was not different than that estimated using standard polysomnography leads (t44 = 0.37, P = 0.71). Overnight polysomnography sleep studies scored using load cell breathing signals had an intra‐class correlation coefficient of 0.97 for the apnea–hypopnea index and an intra‐class correlation coefficient of 0.85 for the respiratory disturbance index when compared with scoring using traditional polysomnography breathing sensors following American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using unobtrusive load cells installed under the bed to measure the apnea–hypopnea index.
Tsw gene‐based resistance is triggered by a functional RNA silencing suppressor protein of the Tomato spotted wilt virus
Authors: de Ronde Dryas , Butterbach Patrick , Lohuis Dick , Hedil Marcio , van Lent Jan W. M. , Kormelink Richard 
Published: January 2013

SummaryAs a result of contradictory reports, the avirulence (Avr) determinant that triggers Tsw gene‐based resistance in Capsicum annuum against the Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is still unresolved. Here, the N and NSs genes of resistance‐inducing (RI) and resistance‐breaking (RB) isolates were cloned and transiently expressed in resistant Capsicum plants to determine the identity of the Avr protein. It was shown that the NSsRI protein triggered a hypersensitive response (HR) in Tsw‐containing Capsicum plants, but not in susceptible Capsicum, whereas no HR was discerned after expression of the NRI/RB protein, or when NSsRB was expressed. Although NSsRI was able to suppress the silencing of a functional green fluorescence protein (GFP) construct during Agrobacterium tumefaciens transient assays on Nicotiana benthamiana, NSsRB had lost this capacity. The observation that RB isolates suppressed local GFP silencing during an infection indicated a recovery of RNA silencing suppressor activity for the NSs protein or the presence of another RNA interference (RNAi) suppressor. The role of NSs as RNA silencing suppressor and Avr determinant is discussed in the light of a putative interplay between RNAi and the natural Tsw resistance gene.
Involvement of the cholinergic basal forebrain nuclei in spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2)
Authors: Rüb U. , Farrag K. , Seidel K. , Brunt E. R. , Heinsen H. , Bürk K. , Melegh B. , von Gall C. , Auburger G. , Bohl J. , Korf H. W. , Hoche F. , den Dunnen W. 
Published: January 2013

AimsSpinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) belongs to the CAG repeat or polyglutamine diseases. Along with a large variety of motor, behavioural and neuropsychological symptoms the clinical picture of patients suffering from this autosomal dominantly inherited ataxia may also include deficits of attention, impairments of memory, as well as frontal‐executive and visuospatial dysfunctions. As the possible morphological correlates of these cognitive SCA2 deficits are unclear we examined the cholinergic basal forebrain nuclei, which are believed to be crucial for several aspects of normal cognition and may contribute to impairments of cognitive functions under pathological conditions.MethodsWe studied pigment–Nissl‐stained thick tissue sections through the cholinergic basal forebrain nuclei (that is, medial septal nucleus, nuclei of the diagonal band of Broca, basal nucleus of Meynert) of four clinically diagnosed and genetically confirmed SCA2 patients and of 13 control individuals according to the pathoanatomical approach. The pathoanatomical results were confirmed by additional quantitative investigations of these nuclei in the SCA2 patients and four age‐ and gender‐matched controls.ResultsOur study revealed a severe and consistent neuronal loss in all of the cholinergic basal forebrain nuclei (medial septal nucleus: 72%; vertical nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca: 74%; horizontal limb of the diagonal band of Broca: 72%; basal nucleus of Meynert: 86%) of the SCA2 patients studied. Damage to the basal forebrain nuclei was associated with everyday relevant cognitive deficits only in our SCA2 patient with an additional Braak and Braak stage V Alzheimer's disease (AD)‐related tau pathology.ConclusionsThe findings of the present study: (1) indicate that the mutation and pathological process underlying SCA2 play a causative role for this severe degeneration of the cholinergic basal forebrain nuclei and (2) may suggest that degeneration of the cholinergic basal forebrain nuclei per se is not sufficient to cause profound and global dementia detrimental to everyday practice and activities of daily living.
Distension‐evoked motility analysis in human esophagus
Authors: Liao D. , Villadsen G. E. , Gregersen H. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe major function of the esophagus is to transport food from the mouth to the stomach by peristaltic muscle action. However, only few techniques exist for detailed evaluation of motor activity of the esophagus in vivo. The aim of this study is to use distension combined with manometry and impedance planimetry [pressure–cross‐sectional area (P‐CSA) recordings] to assess esophageal peristaltic motor function in terms of the mechanical energy output, and to examine the change in the motor activity of the esophagus in response to butylscopolamine, an anticholinergic drug known to impair the smooth muscle contraction in the gastrointestinal tract.MethodsThe probe with CSA measurements was positioned 7 cm above the lower esophageal sphincter in 16 healthy volunteers before and during butylscopolamine administration. Distension‐evoked esophageal peristalsis was analyzed using P‐CSA data during distension up to pressures of 5 kPa. The P‐CSA, work output (area of the tension‐CSA curves), and propulsive tension were analyzed.Key ResultsThe wave‐like peristalsis resulted in P‐CSA loops consisting of relaxation and contraction phases. The work increased with the distension pressure (from 1311 ± 198 to 16 330 ± 1845 μJ before butylscopolamine vs from 2615 ± 756 to 11 404 ± 1335 μJ during butylscopolamine administration), and propulsive tension increased from 18.7 ± 1.9 to 88.5 ± 5.5 N m−1 before the drug and from 23.1 ± 3.9 to 79.5 ± 3.3 N m−1 during butylscopolamine administration). Significantly, lower values were found during butylscopolamine administration compared with the distension before using the drug (P < 0.01).Conclusions & InferencesEsophageal muscle properties during peristalsis can be assessed in vivo in terms of mechanical energy output parameters. Butylscopolamine impaired muscle contraction which could be detected as altered contraction parameters. The analysis can be further used as an adjunct tool of the combined manometry and impedance planimetry recordings to derive advanced esophageal motor function parameters for studying the physiological and pathophysiological mechanical consequences of esophageal contractions.
Fast pouch emptying, delayed small intestinal transit, and exaggerated gut hormone responses after Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass
Authors: Dirksen C. , Damgaard M. , Bojsen‐Møller K. N. , Jørgensen N. B. , Kielgast U. , Jacobsen S. H. , Naver L. S. , Worm D. , Holst J. J. , Madsbad S. , Hansen D. L. , Madsen J. L. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundRoux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) causes extensive changes in gastrointestinal anatomy and leads to reduced appetite and large weight loss, which partly is due to an exaggerated release of anorexigenic gut hormones.MethodsTo examine whether the altered passage of foods through the gastrointestinal tract after RYGB could be responsible for the changes in gut hormone release, we studied gastrointestinal motility with a scintigraphic technique as well as the secretion of the gut hormones glucagon‐like peptide (GLP)‐1 and peptide YY3‐36 (PYY3‐36) in 17 patients>1 year after RYGB and in nine healthy control subjects.Key ResultsAt meal completion, a smaller fraction of liquid and solid radiolabeled marker was retained in the pouch of RYGB patients than in the stomach of control subjects (P = 0.002 and P < 0.001, respectively). Accordingly, pouch emptying in patients was faster than gastric emptying in control subjects (P < 0.001 and P = 0.004, respectively liquid and solid markers). For the solid marker, small intestinal transit was slower in patients than control subjects (P = 0.034). Colonic transit rate did not differ between the groups. GLP‐1 and PYY3‐36 secretion was increased in patients compared to control subjects and fast pouch emptying of the liquid marker was associated with high gut hormone secretion.Conclusions & InferencesAfter RYGB, the bulk of foods pass without hindrance into the small intestine, while the small intestinal transit is prolonged. The rapid exposure of the gut epithelium contributes to the exaggerated release of GLP‐1 and PYY3‐36 after RYGB.
Patients with a History of Spine Surgery or Spinal Injury may have a Higher Chance of Intrathecal Catheter Granuloma Formation
Authors: Narouze Samer N. , Casanova Jose , Souzdalnitski Dmitri 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackground GoalsIntrathecal drug delivery is an effective method to treat intractable pain. However, intrathecal catheter tip granuloma (ICTG) is a devastating complication of intrathecal drug delivery systems. It typically occurs in the thoracic region; particularly, in patients receiving high doses or high concentrations of intrathecal drug infusions.Materials and MethodsThe PUBMED/MEDLINE and Cochrane databases were also systematically searched for all reports on ICTG published in any language. The key words included “intrathecal,” “granuloma,” and “spine surgery,” and all related publications between the earliest available date (the first granuloma‐related chronic complication of intrathecal infusion reported in PUBMED/MEDLINE in 1996) and June (week 1) of 2012 were searched. This case report is unique because it describes the formation of an intrathecal granuloma in the lumbar region of a patient who received a low‐dose intrathecal infusion.Results and ConclusionCerebrospinal fluid flow dynamics within the spinal canal along with the physical, chemical, and immunological properties of intrathecal medications have been suggested to be responsible for the growth of inflammatory mass lesions at the tips of intrathecal drug delivery catheters. Our literature review supports the possible role of certain factors, specifically previous spine surgery or spinal injury, in granuloma formation. The rate of development of ICTG appears to be higher in patients who have had previous spine surgery or spinal injury (68%) than in a general cohort of patients (48%), with an intrathecal pump. Therefore patients with a history of spine surgery or injury may be at increased risk of ICTG when receiving chronic intrathecal analgesia.
Treatment for Neuropathic Pain in Patients with Cancer: Comparative Analysis of Recommendations in National Clinical Practice Guidelines from European Countries
Authors: Piano Virginie , Verhagen Stans , Schalkwijk Annelies , Hekster Yechiel , Kress Hans , Lanteri‐Minet Michel , Burgers Jako , Treede Rolf‐Detlef , Engels Yvonne , Vissers Kris 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIntroductionNeuropathic pain is a common symptom, present in 39% of the patients with cancer pain. Treating this type of pain is challenging, as this patient group is often frail and has comorbidities which increase the risk of side events and hence influences their quality of life. Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) can be helpful for clinicians, especially when scientific evidence is uncertain or weak. In this study, we focused on the quality of the review of the literature used in treatment recommendations in the selected European CPGs.MethodsIn a previous study, 9 CPGs from European countries that contained at least one paragraph on treatment for neuropathic pain in cancer were included. Recommendations with their grade (according SIGN 55 classification) and supporting literature (first author, patients' population, year and type of publication) were compared between CPGs.ResultsIn all CPGs, amitriptylin was mentioned as the drug of first choice. Six guidelines proposed also gabapentinoids. Only 30 of the 163 citations (18%) were based on studies in patients with cancer. Seven CPGs did not argue the indirect evidence due to extrapolation of study results from non‐cancer to patients with cancer.ConclusionThe majority of guideline development groups extrapolated their results from non‐cancer publications to formulate recommendations. Consequently, these guidelines fail to address important issues such as altered kinetics and side effect profiles in these patients. We recommend creating specific recommendations by an international expert group for the treatment for neuropathic pain in patients with cancer supported by targeted research in patients with cancer.
Major characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus colonizing Jordanian infants
Authors: Shehabi Asem A. , Abu‐Yousef Rozan , Badran Eman , Al‐Bakri Amal G. , Abu‐Qatouseh Luay F. , Becker Karsten 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundColonization of infants with methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carries specific toxin genes. In particular, Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL) are a risk factor for subsequent infection during hospitalization. This prospective study investigated important epidemiological characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus colonizing the nares and intestines of Jordanian infants.MethodsA total of 860 nasal and stool specimens were obtained from each of the 430 infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit or referred to outpatient clinics of Jordan University Hospital. All specimens were cultured to recover S. aureus, all isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility and the MRSA strains for presence of specific toxin genes and SCCmec using polymerase chain reaction.ResultsEighty of the 430 (18.6%) infants were colonized with S. aureus, of these, 27 (6.3%) harbored the organism in both the nose and intestine. The frequency of S. aureus nasal and intestinal carriage in outpatient infants compared to inpatients admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit was significantly higher (27.3% vs 2.8%) and (17.1% vs 2.3%), respectively. MRSA accounted for 57/107 (53.3%) of all isolates, and of these 16/57 (28%) were PVL‐positive and carried SCCmec type IV, except one, which was type III. All nasal and intestinal MRSA carried at least one toxin gene (tst, eta, seb), but few carried two toxin genes.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that S. aureus strains are more frequently colonizing Jordanian outpatient infants than inpatients and all MRSA strains carried 1–3 clinically important staphylococcal toxin genes. Further studies are needed to investigate the role of these toxins in hospitalized infants.