bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of corroded RC beam–column joints repaired using a hybrid scheme with HSFRC and stirrups replacement
Authors: Dangwal Shubham , Kumar Tasham , Singh Heaven , Sharma Raju 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe present study proposes a new technique for retrofitting corroded beam–column joints (BCJs) using high‐strength fiber reinforced concrete (HSFRC) and stirrups replacement. The entire corrosion‐affected concrete was removed and replaced with HSFRC. The corroded reinforcing bars were cleaned and treated to resist the progression of the corrosion mechanism. The severely pitted stirrups were replaced with new stirrups. Four exterior BCJ specimens were tested under seismic loading to determine the effectiveness of the proposed retrofitting scheme. The efficacy of the proposed retrofitting scheme is determined in terms of the hysteresis response, stiffness degradation, cumulative energy dissipation, ductility, and damage index. A significant delay in the fracture of severely pitted reinforcing bars was experienced for the corrosion‐damaged retrofitted specimens compared to the corroded unretrofitted specimen. The cumulative energy dissipation of the corroded unretrofitted and corroded retrofitted specimens was 0.4 and 1.3 times that of the reference specimen, respectively, indicating the effectiveness of the retrofitting strategy, as both specimens had similar corrosion rates. The test results indicated that the proposed retrofitting technique effectively improved the seismic performance of the corrosion‐damaged BCJs.
Woodward‐Hoffmann or Hoffmann‐Woodward? Cycloadditions and the Transformation of Roald Hoffmann from a “Calculator” to an “Explainer”**
Authors: Seeman Jeffrey I. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOn May 1, 1965, Roald Hoffmann and R. B. Woodward published their second joint communication, Selection Rules for Concerted Cycloaddition Reactions, in the Journal of the American Chemical Society. Herein is presented a historical analysis of Woodward and Hoffmann's determination of the mechanism of cycloadditions. This analysis is based on thorough analyses with Roald Hoffmann of his 1964 and 1965 laboratory notebooks and his archived documents and on numerous in‐person, video, and email interviews. This historical research pinpoints several seminal moments in chemistry and in the professional career of Hoffmann. For example, now documented is the fact that Woodward and Hoffmann had no anticipation that their collaboration would continue after the publication of their first 1965 communication on electrocyclizations. Also pinpointed is the moment in Hoffmann's professional and intellectual trajectories that he became a full‐fledged, equal collaborator with Woodward and Hoffmann's transition from a “calculator” to an “explainer.”
Application of porous silica supported GdFeO3 as adsorbent and photo‐Fenton catalyst for removal of rose bengal
Authors: Phan Thi To Nga , Nguyen Thi Thu Huyen , Phan Thi To Nhu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe synergistic effect of adsorption and photo‐Fenton process of rose bengal (RB) onto the GdFeO3‐impregnated porous silica (GFO/PS) was investigated by varying GFO loading over mesoporous silica, RB concentration, adsorbent dosage, initial pH of solution, contact time of adsorption and photo‐Fenton efficiency. The adsorption capability of RB onto GFO/PS was found to reduce by increasing the adsorbent dosage and solution pH. Meanwhile, GFO/PS photocatalyst exhibited a good performance under visible light illumination. The improvement in photo‐Fenton performance of GFO/PS could be ascribed to its large specific surface area and small band gap energy. The GFO/PS also showed good adsorption capability and high photo‐Fenton catalytic activity, suggesting it as a promising material for use to remove RB from wastewater.
Cyclosporine‐induced psoriasiform‐lichenoid dermatosis in four dogs: Successful treatment with antibiotics and cyclosporine dosage reduction
Authors: Ike Junko , Ueda Ryosuke , Mukosaka Takeshi , Sekiguchi Maiko , Iwasaki Toshiroh 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFour dogs received cyclosporine at dosages of 8.6–17.5 mg/kg/day for 7–10 months to treat immune‐mediated diseases. These dogs developed multiple, well‐circumscribed lichenoid plaques with erythema and hyperpigmentation; additionally, thick scales appeared around the eyes, mouth and inside the auricles, and spread to almost the entire body. On the basis of histopathological examination and medication history, the four dogs were diagnosed with cyclosporin‐induced psoriasiform‐lichenoid dermatosis. Three of the four dogs exhibited marked improvement or disappearance of the skin lesions after systemic administration of antibiotics and reduction of the cyclosporine dosage; in the other dog, the lesions disappeared after systemic administration of antibiotics. Cyclosporine‐induced psoriasiform‐lichenoid dermatosis is believed to be multifactorial, involving the immune system and resident cocci on the skin.
Using World Values Survey and European Social Survey Data on Homosexuality and Homonegativity: The Comparative Evidence from the Social Sciences
Authors: Tausch Arno 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this chapter we present some of the best known studies on the subject, based on data from the World Values Survey and the European Social Survey on Homosexuality and HomoNegativity. Because of their enormous importance in the literature of the social sciences, our presentation begins with the contribution of Ronald F. Inglehart, who stands out in the literature of world values research, and we highlight in this context his essay written in 2017 together with associates, which found that high levels of economic and physical security are conducive to a shift from material to post-material values, and this shift tends to make people more favourable to the importance of change, and the acceptance of gender equality, divorce, and homosexuality. The other studies reviewed, highlight cross national variations and public opinion about homosexuality, the impact of economic inequality across and within nations on attitudes towards homosexuality, the role of religion in explaining homophobic attitudes, the culture wars on homosexuality, religious particularism, religious salience and home negativity homonegativity; Post-materialism, the world society and multiple modernities, cohort socialisation and homonegativity, and finally the differential effects of religious beliefs and welfare regimes on homonegativity.
To Move or Not to Move? Drought-Related Internal Migration and Voluntary Immobility Among the Hmong Forest Community in Chiang Rai, Northern Thailand
Authors: Juwitasari Reni 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOver four decades, from the 1980s to the 2020s, Thailand has experienced a severe and prolonged drought, primarily attributed to the effects of climate change. Consequently, this drought has led to a significant and pervasive shortage of water resources across the country. Drought has substantial environmental, social, and economic ramifications on farmers, manifesting as diminished agricultural and forest productivity, depleted water reserves, heightened vulnerability to wildfires, and consequent losses in income, food security, well-being, and population displacement. The region of Northern Thailand has seen the emergence of drought as a distinct slow-onset calamity in the country. Chiang Rai is characterised by its extensive forested areas and agricultural landscapes, which provide residence for at least ten ethnic minority groups from neighbouring countries, including Hmong. The survival of these ethnic minority people is dependent on the agricultural production they rely upon. Therefore, climate change has emerged as a catalyst for forced migration. This study examines the social implications of climate-related drought in the Wiang Kaen district, which the Hmong ethnic group inhabits. The analysis focuses on three main areas: (1) the impact of drought on the community’s forced migration patterns; (2) the disparities in perceptions of human mobility between older and younger generations in response to the drought; and (3) the factors influencing well-being, such as food security and adaptive capacity, in the context of climate-related drought. The study reveals that climate-induced migration has become one of the climate change adaptation efforts, especially for economic reasons. The internal migration has patterned at the moving from rural to urban areas in joining the informal sector. Although this effort is positively adopted, the disparity in migration perspective is distinctly reflected between older and younger generations, with particular emphasis on food security and availability. Food sufficiency for the household is considered the benchmark of well-being for the Hmong elderly per se, while the younger generation weightens the currency for sustainable well-being. In addition to climate change adaptation, the older generation has demonstrated their ability to cope with climate-induced drought by using traditional or local knowledge in managing forests and agriculture, acknowledged as a kind of resilience rather than resorting to migration, while the younger generation chooses migration as an adaptation strategy. Therefore, this study acknowledges the significance of climate-induced human mobility as a pressing worldwide issue that poses climate change adaptation for sustainable development, although it has been differently perceived by different generations. Hence, the formulation of policies based on climate change adaptation and resilience by both generations is being undertaken.
Predicting isovector charmonium-like states from X(3872) properties
Authors: Zhang Zhen-Hua , Ji Teng , Dong Xiang-Kun , Guo Feng-Kun , Hanhart Christoph , Meißner Ulf-G. , Rusetsky Akaki 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Using chiral effective field theory, we predict that there must be isovector charmonium-like $$ D{\overline{D}}^{\ast } $$
D

D
¯

∗

hadronic molecules with JPC = 1++ denoted as Wc1. The inputs are the properties of the X(3872), including its mass and the ratio of its branching fractions of decays into J/ψρ0 and J/ψω. The predicted states are virtual state poles of the scattering matrix, pointing at a molecular nature of the X(3872) as well as its spin partners. They should show up as either a mild cusp or dip at the $$ D{\overline{D}}^{\ast } $$
D

D
¯

∗

thresholds, explaining why they are elusive in experiments. The so far negative observation also indicates that the X(3872) is either a bound state with non-vanishing binding energy or a virtual state, only in these cases the X(3872) signal dominates over that from the $$ {W}_{c1}^0 $$

W

c
1

0

. The pole positions are $$ {3881.2}_{-0.0}^{+0.8} $$

3881.2

−
0.0

+
0.8

−$$ i{1.6}_{-0.9}^{+0.7} $$
i

1.6

−
0.9

+
0.7

MeV for $$ {W}_{c1}^0 $$

W

c
1

0

on the fourth Riemann sheet of the $$ {D}^0{\overline{D}}^{\ast 0} $$

D
0

D
¯

∗
0

-D+D∗− coupled-channel system, and $$ {3866.9}_{-7.7}^{+4.6} $$

3866.9

−
7.7

+
4.6

− i(0.07 ± 0.01) MeV for $$ {W}_{c1}^{\pm } $$

W

c
1

±

on the second Riemann sheet of the $$ {\left(D{\overline{D}}^{\ast}\right)}^{\pm } $$

D

D
¯

∗

±

single-channel system. The findings imply that the peak in the J/ψπ+π− invariant mass distribution is not purely from the X(3872) but contains contributions from $$ {W}_{c1}^0 $$

W

c
1

0

predicted here. The states should have isovector heavy quark spin partners with JPC = 0++, 2++ and 1+−, with the last one corresponding to Zc. We suggest to search for the charged 0++, 1++ and 2++ states in J/ψπ±π0.
Superstrings near the conformal boundary of AdS3
Authors: Sriprachyakul Vit 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We study worldsheet sphere amplitudes, in the RNS formalism, in superstring theory on AdS3 × X with pure NS-NS flux using the near-boundary approximation. By computing a number of amplitudes at low-lying spectral flow, we deduce a candidate for a dual CFT for generic X. Specialising to X = S3 × 𝕋4 and with minimal NS-NS flux, i.e., to the tensionless limit, we explore the effect of the interaction term which we ignore in the near-boundary consideration. We show, under some assumptions, that amplitudes in the tensionless superstring theory on AdS3 × S3 × 𝕋4 do not receive perturbative contributions from such an interaction term.
Three-dimensional analysis of posttreatment tooth movements despite bonded retainers: part I—upper jaw
Authors: Klaus Katharina , Kleinert Tobias , Ruf Sabine 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Adverse side effects of fixed retainers in terms of unwanted tooth movements have been described for both the upper and lower jaw, but data about the extent and movement patterns for the maxilla are scarce. The purpose of the present retrospective case–control study was to analyze the amount and direction of unwanted tooth movements despite upper bonded retainers as well as to analyze possible predisposing pretreatment- and treatment-related factors.

Methods
Plaster casts of 1026 patients who completed orthodontic treatment and a subsequent retention phase of 2 years were screened for unintentional tooth movements. The study group comprised 57 patients with visually obvious tooth movements in the upper jaw, while 57 randomly selected patients without visible tooth movements served as control group. For all patients, plaster casts after debonding of multibracket appliance (T1) and after supervised retention (T2) were digitized, and superimposed digitally using a stable palatal reference area. Thereafter, translational and rotational movements were measured in all three planes of space. Pretreatment- and treatment-related factors of the study and control groups were compared by χ2 test, exact Fisher test, Mann–Whitney U test, and the T‑test for independent samples.

Results
The mean translational movements ranged between 0 and 0.6 mm and the average rotational movements between 0 and 1.3°. Large individual movements up to 2.7 mm translation and 15.9° rotation were seen. A movement pattern around the Y‑ and Z‑axis with an opposite rotational peak at the canines (“upper twist effect”) was identified. Compared to the control group, patients of the study group showed a significantly smaller intercanine width pretreatment. Also, study group patients presented a larger intercanine expansion and a slightly larger overjet reduction during treatment, and were more often affected by retainer bonding site detachments and wire fractures, but without reaching statistically significance.

Conclusion
Upper bonded retainers show a similar unwanted movement pattern (“twist effect”) like the one described for mandibular retainers.
Automatic virtual reconstruction of acetabular fractures using a statistical shape model
Authors: van Veldhuizen WA , van Noortwijk R , Meesters AML , Duis K ten , Schuurmann RCL , de Vries JPPM , Wolterink JM , IJpma FFA 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Automatic virtual reconstruction of complex fractures would be helpful for pre-operative surgical planning. We developed a statistical shape model (SSM) which contains data of 200 intact 3D hemipelves. It allows for quantification of shape differences and is able to reconstruct abnormal shaped pelvises. We applied our SSM to reconstruct elementary and associate type acetabular fractures and assessed the reconstruction performance of the SSM, by comparing the reconstructed shape with the intact contralateral hemipelvis.

Methods
In this retrospective diagnostic imaging study, we used our SSM to virtually reconstruct fractured hemipelves of eighty-three patients with an acetabular fracture. A root mean square error (RMSE) was computed between the reconstructed shape and intact contralateral shape for the whole hemipelvis and for regions relevant for plate-fitting. These plate-fitting relevant regions were defined as: (1) Iliopectineal line length and radius; (2) ischial body line length and radius; (3) acetabular diameter, (4) quadrilateral slope and (5) weight-bearing acetabular dome.

Results
The median RMSE of the whole hemipelvis of the elementary type fractures was 2.2 (1.7–2.5) mm versus 3.2 (2.2–3.9) mm for the associate type fractures (p < 0.001). The median RMSE for the plate-fitting regions of elementary type fractures was 1.7 (1.4–2.1) mm versus 2.7 (2.0–4.1) mm for associate type fractures (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Using a statistical shape model allows for accurate virtual reconstructions of elementary and associate type acetabular fractures within a clinically acceptable range, especially within regions important for plate-fitting. SSM-based reconstructions can serve as a valuable tool for pre-operative planning in clinical practice, when a template of the contralateral hemipelvis is unavailable.
A multiplexed targeted method for profiling of serum gangliosides and glycosphingolipids: application to GM2-gangliosidosis
Authors: Kim Jinyong , Byeon Seul Kee , Oglesbee Devin , Schultz Matthew J. , Matern Dietrich , Pandey Akhilesh 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe analysis of gangliosides and glycosphingolipids is crucial for understanding cellular membrane structure and function as well as to accurately diagnose certain inborn errors of metabolism. GM2-gangliosidosis represents a rare and fatal group of lysosomal storage disorders characterized by accumulation of GM2 gangliosides in various tissues and organs. These disorders arise due to deficiency or functional impairment of the β-hexosaminidase A or B enzymes, which are responsible for degradation of GM2 ganglioside. Deficient enzyme activity primarily leads to the accumulation of GM2 gangliosides within the lysosomes of cells. Accurate and rapid diagnostic methods that detect increased levels of GM2 gangliosides in patients with GM2-gangliosidosis can play a significant role in early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of this condition. To address this need, we developed a multiplexed liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method targeting 84 species of gangliosides and other glycosphingolipids involved in ganglioside metabolism. Reproducibility, linearity, extraction efficiency, and sample stability were evaluated and proof-of-concept data obtained from analysis of serum samples from confirmed cases of GM2-gangliosidosis. This method has the potential to simultaneously monitor the biosynthesis of gangliosides and the lysosomal catabolic pathway serving as a valuable tool for screening and diagnosing an important group of lysosomal storage disorders.
Green and sustainable fabrication of DES-pretreated high-strength densified wood
Authors: Gondaliya Akash Madhav , Hoque Mahfuzul , Raghunath Sreenath , Foster E. Johan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWood is a sustainable, benign, and high-performing green structural material readily available in nature that can be used to replace structural materials. However, insufficient mechanical performance (compared to metals and plastic), moisture sensitivity, and susceptibility to microorganism attack make it challenging to use wood as it is for advanced engineering applications. We here present an efficient approach to fabricating densified wood with minimal time and waste generation, demonstrating high mechanical strength, and decreased water penetration on the surface. Wood slabs were treated with deep eutectic solvents (DESs) to solubilize the lignin, followed by in-situ regeneration of dissolved lignin in the wood. Then, the slabs were densified with heat and pressure, turning the wood into a functionalized densified material. Lignin regeneration and morphological changes were observed via two-photon microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), respectively. The final product is less susceptible to water absorption on the surface and has enhanced flexural strength (> 50% higher), surface hardness (100% increased), and minimal set recovery compared to natural wood. The improved mechanical performance is due to regenerated lignin which acts as a glue and fills spaces present within the interconnected cellulose network inside the wood, forming a highly dense composite during densification. Such enhancement in the properties of DES-densified wood composite makes it a favorable candidate for advanced structural and engineering applications.
The use of animals in physiological science: the past, the presence, and the future
Authors: Schlüter Klaus-Dieter 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPhysiology is a scientific discipline of how people’s and animals’ bodies function that requires traditionally suitable experimental models that often rely on animals. However, at the end of the 50th of the last century, researchers themselves addressed concerns about the use of animals for biomedical science and physiology in particular. At that time, the so-called 3R strategy was implicated where the three “R” stand for replacement, reduction, and refinement. When addressing these concerns, researchers nevertheless realized that a critical dispute about experimental models in the light of the 3R initiative may require further attention to other points such as robustness, registration, reporting, reproducibility, and rigor of the work. The question that has to be addressed now is first whether the use of animals in physiology changed in the post-3R period, whether it led to a replacement, reduction, or refinement of animal handling, and most importantly, how this affected the scientific progress in (patho)physiology. In order to address open questions concerning the relationship between the use of animals and physiological research, complete volumes of the Pflügers Archiv – European Journal of Physiology were analyzed every 10 years starting in 1950 and ending in 2020 and compared to volumes of the Journal of Physiology. It analyzed how scientists organize their projects published in the journal and what kind of models they used. The results show that physiological science has dramatically changed in the last 70 years. Replacement, reduction, and refinement were achieved to a certain level. However, during the last years, no further achievement could be seen. It seems that a certain level of animal testing is required for biomedical science and physiology in particular. Physiological studies in the present time are dominated by investigation of the physiological function of small rodents mainly mice and rats with only a few exceptions. The analysis also shows that in the future, researchers must have a critical look at further requirements of their research such as data robustness, improvement of reproducibility of data, and generation of rigor data as a prerequisite to improve our physiological view on life.
Reconfiguring Shortest Paths in Graphs
Authors: Gajjar Kshitij , Jha Agastya Vibhuti , Kumar Manish , Lahiri Abhiruk 
Published: August 2024

AbstractReconfiguring two shortest paths in a graph means modifying one shortest path to the other by changing one vertex at a time so that all the intermediate paths are also shortest paths. This problem has several natural applications, namely: (a) repaving road networks, (b) rerouting data packets in a synchronous multiprocessing setting, (c) the shipping container stowage problem, and (d) the train marshalling problem. When modelled as graph problems, (a) is the most general case while (b), (c), (d) are restrictions to different graph classes. We show that (a) does not admit polynomial-time algorithms (assuming $${{\,\mathrm{\texttt {P}}\,}}\ne {{\,\mathrm{\texttt {NP}}\,}}$$

P

≠

NP

), even for relaxed variants of the problem (assuming $${{\,\mathrm{\texttt {P}}\,}}\ne {{\,\mathrm{\texttt {PSPACE}}\,}}$$

P

≠

PSPACE

). For (b), (c), (d), we present polynomial-time algorithms to solve the respective problems. We also generalize the problem to when at most k (for a fixed integer $$k\ge 2$$

k
≥
2

) contiguous vertices on a shortest path can be changed at a time.