bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Income (In)Justice in the Czech Republic
Authors: Birčiaková Naďa , Stávková Jana , Antošová Veronika 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The present paper deals with the income situation of households in the Czech Republic between 2005 and 2011. The subject of observation is disposable income per equalized member. We attempt to assess income inequality based on a Gini coefficient and Lorenz curve. Another point of observation is the development of the poverty level. The poverty gap is assessed using a Sen index. Special attention is paid to groups of households according to economic activity (employed, self-employed, pensioner, unemployed, other). Using Scheffe’s method of contrast, specific pairs of demonstrable differences between levels of economic activity are detected. The poverty of individual groups is assessed based on poverty level and risk-of-poverty index. The performed analyses showed that the total incomes of households within the given period were increasing, even though the year-on-year increments were gradually decreasing. The most significant increase was observed in the incomes of unemployed people, the least significant increase in the incomes of self-employed people. Social policy in the Czech Republic does mitigate poverty; however, it does not prevent the unfair development of incomes for various groups of households.
Effect of Salinity on Soil Respiration and Nitrogen Dynamics
Authors: Zeng Wen-Zhi , Xu Chi , Wu Jing-Wei , Huang Jie-Sheng , Ma Tao 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
A facility of BaPS (Barometric Process Separation) and indoor incubation experiments were used to determine the effect of soil salinity on soil respiration and nitrogen transformation. The rates of soil respiration, gross nitrification, denitrification, ammonium and nitrate nitrogen concentrations and relevant soil parameters were measured. Results showed that soil respiration and nitrification and denitrification rates were all affected by soil salinity. Furthermore, the effect of soil salinity level on nitrification and denitrification rates had a threshold value (EC1:5 = 1.13 dS/m). When soil salinity level was smaller to this threshold value, the rates of nitrification and denitrification increased with soil salinity while they were reduced when soil salinity level was larger than the threshold value. Moreover, the changing law of soil respiration rate with soil salinity was similar with the nitrification and denitrification rates while the variation tendency was opposite. In addition, the transformation form urea to ammonium and nitrate nitrogen was also reduced with the increase of soil salinity and the reduced effect could be expressed by exponential functions.
Correlation between Cu mineralization and major faults using multifractal modelling in the Tarom area (NW Iran)
Authors: Nouri Reza , Jafari Mohammad Reza , Arian Mehran , Feizi Faranak , Afzal Peyman 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The Tarom 1: 100,000 sheet is located within the Cenozoic Tarom-Hashtjin volcano-plutonic belt, NW Iran. Reconstruction of the tectonic and structural setting of the hydrothermal deposits is fundamental to predictive models of different ore deposits. Since fractal/multifractal modelling is an effective instrument for separation of geological and mineralized zones from background, therefore Concentration-Distance to Major Fault (C-DMF) fractal model and distribution of Cu anomalies were used to classify Cu mineralizations according to their distance to major faults. Application of the C-DMF model for the classification of Cu mineralization in the Tarom 1: 100,000 sheet reveals that the main copper mineralizations have a strong correlation with their distance to major faults in the area. The distances of known copper mineralizations having Cu values higher than 2.2 % to major faults are less than 10 km showing a positive correlation between Cu mineralization and tectonic events. Moreover, extreme and high Cu anomalies based on stream sediments and lithogeochemical data were identified by the Number-Size (N-S) fractal model. These anomalies have distances to major faults less than 10 km and validate the results derived via the C-DMF fractal model. The C-DMF fractal modelling can be utilized for the reconnaissance and prospecting of magmatic and hydrothermal deposits.
Do Different Listers Make the Same Housing Unit Frame? Variability in Housing Unit Listing
Authors: Eckman Stephanie 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Housing unit listing is often used in countries that do not have household or person registries to create frames for household surveys. While several studies have reported the kinds of units and areas that are at risk of overcoverage and undercoverage in such frames, none has looked at variability in the listing process. This article explores this variability by comparing two frames created by trained field staff using the same methods and materials. The overall overlap rate between the two listings is 80%. In nearly all blocks, the listers created different frames, and in more than ten percent of the blocks, the two frames did not overlap at all. In this observational study, the overlap between the two frames is particularly low in the blocks listed using the traditional (from scratch) listing method. There is also evidence that sometimes one lister visited the wrong block. The results show that the listing process can introduce variance into survey data.
“Interviewer” Effects in Face-to-Face Surveys: A Function of Sampling, Measurement Error, or Nonresponse?
Authors: West Brady T. , Kreuter Frauke , Jaenichen Ursula 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Recent research has attempted to examine the proportion of interviewer variance that is due to interviewers systematically varying in their success in obtaining cooperation from respondents with varying characteristics (i.e., nonresponse error variance), rather than variance among interviewers in systematic measurement difficulties (i.e., measurement error variance) - that is, whether correlated responses within interviewers arise due to variance among interviewers in the pools of respondents recruited, or variance in interviewer-specific mean response biases. Unfortunately, work to date has only considered data from a CATI survey, and thus suffers from two limitations: Interviewer effects are commonly much smaller in CATI surveys, and, more importantly, sample units are often contacted by several CATI interviewers before a final outcome (response or final refusal) is achieved. The latter introduces difficulties in assigning nonrespondents to interviewers, and thus interviewer variance components are only estimable under strong assumptions. This study aims to replicate this initial work, analyzing data from a national CAPI survey in Germany where CAPI interviewers were responsible for working a fixed subset of cases.
A middle Eocene mesoeucrocodylian (Crocodyliformes) from the Kaninah Formation, Republic of Yemen
Authors: Stevens Nancy J. , Hill Robert V. , Al-Wosabi Mohammed , Schulp Anne , As-Saruri Mustafa , Al-Nimey Fuad , Jolley Lea Ann , Schulp-Stuip Yvonne , O’Connor Patrick 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
During the Cenozoic, the Arabian Plate separated from continental Africa and assumed a closer geographical relationship with Eurasia. As such, the vertebrate fossil record of the Arabian Peninsula has great potential for documenting faunal interchanges that occurred as a result of such tectonic events, with a shift from a primarily Afro-Arabian fauna in the Palaeogene to a more cosmopolitan fauna in the Neogene. Understanding of the sequence and timing of this faunal interchange has long been hampered by a lack of palaeontological data. Recently recovered fossils from the Middle Eocene Kaninah Formation of Yemen constitute the earliest Palaeogene record of continental vertebrates from the Arabian Peninsula, thereby offering a rare glimpse at the region’s post- -Cretaceous fauna. Here we describe fossil materials from the Kaninah Formation, a collection of dental and postcranial elements representing a mesoeucrocodylian crocodyliform of unclear affinities. The specimen exhibits ziphodont tooth morphology along with a biserial paravertebral shield and polygonal gastral osteoderms, consistent with certain mesoeucrocodylians (e.g., ziphodontan notosuchians). Yet the associated fragmentary anterior caudal vertebra, although badly abraded, preserves morphology suggestive of procoely. This vertebral type in combination with the dental and osteoderm morphology is much more taxonomically restrictive and consistent with the suite of characters exhibited by atoposaurids, a finding that would significantly extend that clade through the Cretaceous/Palaeogene boundary. Alternatively, given the relative paucity of information from the region during the Palaeogene, the combination of characteristics of the Kaninah crocodyliform may reflect a novel or poorly known form exhibiting previously unrecognised character mosaicism. We take a conservative approach, and refer the Kaninah specimen to Mesoeucrocodylia, Atoposauridae (?) pending discovery of more complete material. New fossils recovered from the Kaninah Formation raise unanticipated questions about the longevity of Mesozoic clades, underscoring the role that the region may play in revealing novel occurrences, relictual forms, and evidence of faunal dispersals from this critical interval in vertebrate evolutionary history.
Geochemistry and ore potential of the Almoughlagh batholith, western Iran
Authors: Zamanian Hassan , Asadollahi Behrooz 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The Almoughlagh batholith intruded the dioritic Baba Ali pluton during the Oligo-Miocene; the pluton and is now exposed as a big enclave within the batholith. The pluton intruded the Songhor Series during the Late Kimmeridgian (~136 Ma) orogeny. The intrusion by the batholith transformed the diorite to metadiorite and the impure carbonate units of the Songhor Series. The batholith consists of rock types such as quartz syenite and syenogranite, which have a low average quartz content, and which are metaluminous to peraluminous and calc-alkaline in composition. Comparison of the compositions of the Almoughlagh batholith and the pluton with its Cu, Mo, Fe, Sn, W, Au, and Zn skarn deposits, indicates that the Baba Ali diorite geochemically shows much resemblance with those which could bring about Fe-Cu skarn mineralization, whereas the compositions of the Almoughlagh granitoids resembles those of the plutons associated with Mo and Zn skarn deposits. The associated hydrothermal activity related to the Almoughlagh batholith culminated in magnetite mineralisation in the Baba Ali and the Chenar mines in which copper mineralisation also is considerable.
An analysis of fungal propagules transported to the Henryk Arctowski Antarctic Station
Authors: Augustyniuk−Kram Anna , Chwedorzewska Katarzyna J. , Korczak−Abshire Małgorzata , Olech Maria , Lityńska−Zając Maria 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDuring three austral summer seasons, dust and soil from clothes, boots and equipment of members of scientific expeditions and tourists visiting the Polish Antarctic Station Henryk Arctowski were collected and analysed for the presence of fungal propagules. Of a total of 60 samples, 554 colonies of fungi belonging to 19 genera were identified. Colonies of the genus Cladosporium, Penicillium and non−sporulating fungus (Mycelia sterilia) dominated in the examined samples. The microbiological assessment of air for the presence of fungi was also conducted at two points in the station building and two others outside the station. A total of 175 fungal colonies belonging to six genera were isolated. Colonies of the genus Penicillium were the commonest in the air samples. The potential epidemiological consequences for indigenous species as a result of unintentional transport of fungal propagules to the Antarctic biome are discussed in the light of rapid climate change in some parts of the Antarctic and adaptation of fungi to extreme conditions.
Distribution, genesis, and properties of Arctic soils: a case study from the Fuglebekken catchment, Spitsbergen
Authors: Szymański Wojciech , Skiba Stefan , Wojtuń Bronisław 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis paper presents distribution and properties of soils within the Fuglebekken catchment in neighbourhood of the Polish Polar Station in Hornsund, SW Spitsbergen (Svalbard Archipelago). The present study describes 8 representative soil profiles out of 34 profiles studied for the whole catchment. Soils of the Fuglebekken catchment show initial stage of their formation because of very slow rate of chemical and biological weathering in Arctic climate conditions. Upliftedmarine terraces of the Fuglebekken catchment are characterized by domination of Haplic Cryosolswhich are related to stony and gravelly parent material (reworked marine sediments). Such soils constitute of 17% of the studied area. Turbic Cryosols forming characteristic micro−relief occur on flat surfaces and gentle slopes. Such soils (covering 7% of the catchment) are formed from loamy parent material. Along streams Hyperskeletic Cryosols (Reductaquic) and Turbic Histic Cryosols occur. The last two soil units (constituting 11% of the catchment) are mantled by continuous and dense vegetation cover (especially mosses) due to high content of water rich in nutrients flowing from colonies of sea birds located on slopes of Ariekammen and Fugleberget. The studied soils are generally characterized by shallowoccurrence of permafrost (i.e. at 30-50 cm), high content of pebbles, sandy or sandy loam texture, and neutral or slightly alkaline reaction. Soils occurring along streams and near colonies of sea birds show higher content of nutrients (N and P) in comparison with other soils and are covered by more dense vegetation. This indicates important impact of bird guano on chemical composition of soil solution and fertility of such soils.
Electrochemotherapy as a new therapeutic strategy in advanced Merkel cell carcinoma of head and neck region
Authors: Scelsi Daniele , Mevio Niccolò , Bertino Giulia , Occhini Antonio , Brazzelli Valeria , Morbini Patrizia , Benazzo Marco 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Background. Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and aggressive tumour, arising from a cutaneous mechanoceptor cell located in the basal layer of epidermis, with poor prognosis. The treatment of choice for the initial stage of the disease is surgery and/or radiotherapy. The treatment of recurrent or advanced disease is still controversial.
Case report. We report a case of 84 years old woman with a recurrent MCC of the chin treated with electrochemotherapy (ECT). During the period of 20 months, four sessions of ECT were employed, which resulted in an objective response of the tumour and good quality of residual life.
Conclusions. Our case shows the effectiveness of ECT in the treatment of locally advanced MCC of the head and neck region in a patient not suitable for standard therapeutic options.
Expansive growth of two glioblastoma stem-like cell lines is mediated by bFGF and not by EGF
Authors: Podergajs Neza , Brekka Narve , Radlwimmer Bernhard , Herold-Mende Christel , Talasila Krishna M. , Tiemann Katja , Rajcevic Uros , Lah Tamara T. , Bjerkvig Rolf , Miletic Hrvoje 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Background. Patient-derived glioblastoma (GBM) stem-like cells (GSCs) represent a valuable model for basic and therapeutic research. GSCs are usually propagated in serum-free Neural Basal medium supplemented with bFGF and EGF. Yet, the exact influence of these growth factors on GSCs is still unclear. Recently it was suggested that GBM stemlike cells with amplified EGFR should be cultured in stem cell medium without EGF, as the presence of EGF induced rapid loss of EGFR amplification. However, patient biopsies are usually taken into culture before their genomic profiles are defined. Thus, an important question remains whether GBM cells without EGFR amplification also can be cultured in stem cell medium without EGF.
Meterials and methods. To address this question, we used two heterogeneous glioblastoma GSC lines (NCH421k and NCH644) that lack EGFR amplification.
Results. Although both cell lines showed very low EGFR expression under standard growth conditions, bFGF stimulation induced higher expression of EGFR in NCH644. In both cell lines, expression of the stem cell markers nestin and CD133 was higher upon stimulation with bFGF compared to EGF. Importantly, bFGF stimulated the growth of both cell lines, whereas EGF had no effect. We verified that the growth stimulation by bFGF was either mediated by proliferation (NCH421k) or resistance to apoptosis (NCH644).
Conclusions. We demonstrate that GSC cultures without EGFR amplification can be maintained and expanded with bFGF, while the addition of EGF has no significant effect and therefore can be omitted.
Statistical Analysis of Chosen Aspects of the Suburbanization Process in Szczecin in 2006-2011
Authors: Gnat Sebastian , Bas Marcin 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Suburbanization is one of the processes of urban expansion which is inseparably linked with the real estate market. It takes place when residents of cities gradually leave their administrative limits in order to live in satellite communities. The article presents studies dealing with the demographic and market-related aspects of this phenomenon. The authors analyzed the dynamics of prices of undeveloped plots of land chosen due to their location in municipalities (gminas) located in the proximity of Szczecin. The analysis was supplemented with a survey of average plot sizes and the number of transactions concluded in subsequent years. The dynamics of population flow from the West Pomeranian capital to the urban-rural fringe were also investigated. The analyses resulted in the proposal of a synthetic measure illustrating the suburbanization dynamics which combines the market dimension (prices and the number of transactions) with the demographic dimension (population flow). The study covered the period of 2006-2011.
Effect of sewing parameters and wash type on the dimensional stability of knitted garments
Authors: Malik Mumtaz Hasan , Malik Zulfiqar Ali , Hussain Tanveer , Ramzan Muhammad Babar 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The aim of this research is to study the effect of clothing manufacturing parameters, that is, stitch type, stitch
density, sewing thread type and washing type on the dimensional stability of single jersey knitted garment. Single
jersey bleached fabric, made from Ne 32 cotton combed ring spun yarn, was used to make 32 medium size crew
neck T-shirts selecting two levels of stitch type, stitch density, sewing thread type and wash type according to the
experimental design. After constructing the garments, four critical measurements of each garment, that is, body
length, body width, across shoulder and sleeve length were measured. The constructed garments were divided
into two equal groups. One group was washed with water and the other group was washed using a detergent.
After washing, drying and tumbling, the same critical measurements of each garment were taken and the percent
shrinkage was calculated. Analysis of data was done on responses of output variables against the input variables
using MINITAB. The results showed that three input variables: stitch type, stitch density and garment wash type
have significant effect on all the output variables.
Bardet Biedl Syndrome
Authors: Ghosh Taraknath , De Sangita , Pati Sananda , Kumar Prabhat , Chaki Bhusan 
Published: October 2013

This is a case report of Bardet-Biedl syndrome, diagnosed in a 8 year old girl presented with obesity. She had polydactyly, mild mental retardation, retinitis pigmentosa in both eyes, with hypoplastic uterus, fallopian tube and ovaries. She was born to a consanguinous marriage and had a family member with same features. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v33i2.7359 J Nepal Paediatr Soc. 2013; 33(2):129-131
Study of Risk Factor for Congenital Heart Diseases in Children at Rural Hospital of Central India
Authors: Taksande Amar M , Vilhekar Krishna 
Published: October 2013

Introduction: Congenital heart disease is the most common congenital problem that accounts for up to 25% of all congenital malformations. Hence this study was aimed at improving the knowledge related to risk factors associated with CHD in a rural Indian scenario. It was a hospital- based case control study. Materials and Methods: The children up to twelve year of age with clinical suspicion of CHD were subjected to chest x-ray and electrocardiography, and final diagnosis was confirmed by echocardiography (n=209) as cases. The control group (n=418) were randomly selected from children without CHD who were admitted during the same period. The etiological factors like environmental, infections, drugs, and maternal factors were analyzed by using EPI 6 version. Results: In cases group, 56% were male and 44% female children. 82% cases presented at age of less than 5 years and 18% after 5 year. Exposure to smoking (OR=10.45), tobacco intake by mother (OR=8.28) and family history of CHD (OR=7.21) were the significant risk factor present in cases. Conclusion: The risk factors for CHD child identified were exposure to smoking and tobacco intake by mother, family history of CHD, antenatal infection in 1st trimester and history of diabetic mother. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v33i2.8254 J Nepal Paediatr Soc. 2013; 33(2):121-124
Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome
Authors: Sharma Deepak Kumar , Garg Eva 
Published: October 2013

TTTS is a specific condition that only occurs in multiple pregnancies of monozygotic (monochorionic) twins. When twins share a single placenta, the blood vessels become mutually interconnected in the placenta, so that blood flows back and forth between both twins. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v33i2.8379 J Nepal Paediatr Soc. 2013; 33(2):157
Les informations comparatives publiées par les groupes de sociétés lors de changements de périmètres de consolidation
Authors: Pourtier Frédéric 
Published: October 2013

L’analyse financière des groupes de sociétés est rendue délicate par des facteurs d’incomparabilité : mouvance du périmètre, démultiplication des choix comptables, changements de référentiels, etc. Pour pallier ces problèmes, le législateur recommande fortement la publication de données « pro forma ». Elles permettent, en théorie, la comparaison sur deux périodes successives. En réalité la doctrine est assez peu contraignante, aussi bien en règles françaises qu’en IFRS, et le sujet reste mal connu. Par ailleurs, la réalité des cas observés surprend, quant à la richesse des pratiques et à la paradoxale incomparabilité de ces données. Nous essayons ici de circonscrire un thème mal connu et de rendre compte des pratiques de groupes du SBF 250. Ce travail met en évidence la grande hétérogénéité des diffusions d’informations comparatives, de types « pro forma », et souligne leur caractère souvent discrétionnaire dans le cas des changements de périmètres. Le rôle des IFRS est discuté. Nous dessinons quelques pistes de recherches à venir pour un champ d’investigation très vaste.
Expression d'un facteur epsilon de paire par une formule intégrale
Authors: Beuzart-Plessis Raphaël 
Published: October 2013

AbstractLet E/F be a quadratic extension of p–adic fields and let d, m be nonnegative integers of distinct parities. Fix admissible irreducible tempered representations π and σ of GLd(E) and GLm(E) respectively. We assume that π and σ are conjugate–dual. That is to say
and where c is the nontrivial F–automorphism of E. This implies that we can extend π to an unitary representation π of a nonconnected group GLd(E) . Define the same way. We state and prove an integral formula for involving the characters of and . ˜˜This formula is related to the local Gan–Gross–Prasad conjecture for unitary groups.