bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Q‐Chem: an engine for innovation
Authors: Krylov Anna I. , Gill Peter M.W. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractQ‐Chem is a general‐purpose electronic structure package featuring a variety of established and new methods implemented using innovative algorithms that enable fast calculations of large systems on regular laboratory workstations using density functional and wave‐function‐based approaches. It features an integrated graphical interface and input generator, a large selection of functionals and correlation approaches including methods for electronically excited states and open‐shell systems. In addition to serving the computational chemistry community, Q‐Chem also provides an excellent development platform. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This article is categorized under:

Software > Quantum Chemistry
Safe abstractions of data encodings in formal security protocol models
Authors: Pironti Alfredo , Sisto Riccardo 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
When using formal methods, security protocols are usually modeled at a high level of abstraction. In particular, data encoding and decoding transformations are often abstracted away. However, if no assumptions at all are made on the behavior of such transformations, they could trivially lead to security faults, for example leaking secrets or breaking freshness by collapsing nonces into constants.
In order to address this issue this paper formally states sufficient conditions, checkable on sequential code, such that if an abstract protocol model is secure under a Dolev–Yao adversary, then a refined model, which takes into account a wide class of possible implementations of the encoding/decoding operations, is implied to be secure too under the same adversary model. The paper also indicates possible exploitations of this result in the context of methods based on formal model extraction from implementation code and of methods based on automated code generation from formally verified models.
Density related plasticity in stand‐level spatial distribution of the ambrosia beetle, Platypus koryoensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Nam Youngwoo , Choi Won Il , Won Dae‐Sung , Kim Jong‐Kuk 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe tested the hypothesis that the population density of ambrosia beetles at the stand level influences the spatial distribution of infested trees. We evaluated the spatial distribution of the ambrosia beetle, Platypus koryoensis (Murayama) in three oak forest stands that varied in beetle population density using a multi‐year trapping survey. We used these data to inform a clustering analysis based on aggregation indices using the SADIE software. Four important findings emerged: (1) the spatial distribution pattern of P. koryoensis at the stand level changed as the population density of the beetle varied; (2) at low population densities, beetle distribution was contagious at the stand level; (3) as beetle population densities increased, the spatial distribution of infested trees became random, potentially due to beetle avoidance of mass attacked trees; and (4) at high beetle population densities, the spatial distribution of infested trees became contagious, possibly due to temporal changes in location of the attack epicenter within the stand. Our results support the hypothesis that beetle population density has consequences for the spatial distribution of infested trees at the within‐stand scale. We conclude that the spatial distribution of infested trees is flexible in response to beetle population density, suggesting that beetle attack behaviors are mediated by one or more density‐dependent effects.
Apoptosis-induced anticancer effect of transferrin-conjugated solid lipid nanoparticles of curcumin
Authors: Mulik Rohit S. , Mönkkönen Jukka , Juvonen Risto O. , Mahadik Kakasaheb R. , Paradkar Anant R. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBroad spectrum therapeutic potential of curcumin is usually hampered by its photodegradation and low bioavailability. Present investigation was designed with an objective to develop transferrin-mediated solid lipid nanoparticles (Tf-C-SLN) resistant to the photostability and capable of enhancing the bioavailability by targeted drug delivery to elicit anticancer activity against SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells in vitro. Hot homogenization method was used for the formulation of Tf-C-SLN and evaluated physicochemically using parameters such as, size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency and photostability, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), differential scanning colorimetry (DSC), and in vitro release study. In vitro cytotoxicity and apoptosis investigations were performed using microplate analysis and flow cytometry techniques. The physicochemical characterization confirmed the suitability of formulation method and various parameters therein. TEM investigation revealed the spherical morphology while NMR and DSC study confirmed the entrapment of curcumin inside the nanoparticles. The cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species, and cell uptake were found to be increased considerably with Tf-C-SLN compared with curcumin-solubilized surfactant solution, and curcumin-loaded SLN (C-SLN) suggesting the targeting effect. AnnexinV-FITC/PI double staining, DNA analysis, caspase detection, and reduced mitochondrial potential confirmed the induction of apoptosis with nanoparticle treatment. Enhanced anticancer activity with Tf-C-SLN compared with curcumin-solubilized surfactant solution and C-SLN was observed from flow cytometry investigations with apoptosis being the major underlying mechanism. The in vitro observations of our investigation are very compelling and concrete to advocate the potential of Tf-C-SLN in enhancing the anticancer effect of curcumin against neuroblastoma in vivo and possible clinical applications.
An overview of current ontology meta-matching solutions
Authors: Martinez-Gil Jorge , Aldana-Montes José F. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractNowadays, there are a lot of techniques and tools for addressing the ontology matching problem; however, the complex nature of this problem means that the existing solutions are unsatisfactory. This work intends to shed some light on a more flexible way of matching ontologies using ontology meta-matching. This emerging technique selects appropriate algorithms and their associated weights and thresholds in scenarios where accurate ontology matching is necessary. We think that an overview of the problem and an analysis of the existing state-of-the-art solutions will help researchers and practitioners to identify the most appropriate specific features and global strategies in order to build more accurate and dynamic systems following this paradigm.
An overview of the phrase-based statistical machine translation techniques
Authors: Costa-jussà Marta Ruiz 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis work provides a general overview of the statistical machine translation (SMT) scientific field, which is a subfield of machine translation (MT). Specifically, this paper focuses on one of the most popular SMT approaches, that is, the phrase-based system.The phrase-based translation units are typically extracted using statistical criteria, and they are weighted using different models. These models are log-linearly combined in the decoding, which is in charge of choosing the most probable translation. Significant quality improvements have been produced from original phrase-based SMT systems. Among others, the main challenges are reordering, domain adaptation and evaluation.
Single Atom Microscopy
Authors: Zhou Wu , Oxley Mark P. , Lupini Andrew R. , Krivanek Ondrej L. , Pennycook Stephen J. , Idrobo Juan-Carlos 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe show that aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy operating at low accelerating voltages is able to analyze, simultaneously and with single atom resolution and sensitivity, the local atomic configuration, chemical identities, and optical response at point defect sites in monolayer graphene. Sequential fast-scan annular dark-field (ADF) imaging provides direct visualization of point defect diffusion within the graphene lattice, with all atoms clearly resolved and identified via quantitative image analysis. Summing multiple ADF frames of stationary defects produce images with minimized statistical noise and reduced distortions of atomic positions. Electron energy-loss spectrum imaging of single atoms allows the delocalization of inelastic scattering to be quantified, and full quantum mechanical calculations are able to describe the delocalization effect with good accuracy. These capabilities open new opportunities to probe the defect structure, defect dynamics, and local optical properties in 2D materials with single atom sensitivity.
A Method for Directly Correlating Site-Specific Cross-Sectional and Plan-View Transmission Electron Microscopy of Individual Nanostructures
Authors: Schreiber Daniel K. , Adusumilli Praneet , Hemesath Eric R. , Seidman David N. , Petford-Long Amanda K. , Lauhon Lincoln J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA sample preparation method is described for enabling direct correlation of site-specific plan-view and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of individual nanostructures by employing a dual-beam focused-ion beam (FIB) microscope. This technique is demonstrated using Si nanowires dispersed on a TEM sample support (lacey carbon or Si-nitride). Individual nanowires are first imaged in the plan-view orientation to identify a region of interest; in this case, impurity atoms distributed at crystalline defects that require further investigation in the cross-sectional orientation. Subsequently, the region of interest is capped with a series of ex situ and in situ deposited layers to protect the nanowire and facilitate site-specific lift-out and cross-sectioning using a dual-beam FIB microscope. The lift-out specimen is thinned to electron transparency with site-specific positioning to within ∼200 nm of a target position along the length of the nanowire. Using the described technique, it is possible to produce correlated plan-view and cross-sectional view lattice-resolved TEM images that enable a quasi-3D analysis of crystalline defect structures in a specific nanowire. While the current study is focused on nanowires, the procedure described herein is general for any electron-transparent sample and is broadly applicable for many nanostructures, such as nanowires, nanoparticles, patterned thin films, and devices.
Effect of Training Frequency on Maximum Expiratory Pressure
Authors: Anand Supraja , El-Bashiti Nour , Sapienza Christine 
Published: November 2012

PurposeTo determine the effects of expiratory muscle strength training (EMST) frequency on maximum expiratory pressure (MEP).MethodWe assigned 12 healthy participants to 2 groups of training frequency (3 days per week and 5 days per week). They completed a 4-week training program on an EMST trainer (Aspire Products, LLC). MEP was the primary outcome measure used to determine the effect of training frequency.ResultsParticipants who trained 3 days per week produced equivalent amounts of improvement in MEP compared with participants who trained 5 days per week. An overall improvement in MEP over the 4-week training period indicated a 33% increase when the data was collapsed across the 2 training groups.ConclusionThe effects occurring with respiratory muscle strength training in healthy young adults are likely to be different from those occurring in patient populations. Therefore, the results of the present study suggest exploring the variable of training frequency in patient populations. Such knowledge will be informative for designing clinical protocols that are effective and may result in improved treatment compliance for those suffering from expiratory muscle weakness.
Consonant Production Accuracy in Young Cochlear Implant Recipients: Developmental Sound Classes and Word Position Effects
Authors: Ertmer David J. , Kloiber Diana True , Jung Jongmin , Kirleis Katie Connell , Bradford Denise 
Published: November 2012

Purpose
To compare young cochlear implant (CI) recipients' consonant production accuracy with that of age- and gender-matched peers who were typically developing (TD). In addition to examining initial consonants, the authors compiled new data regarding the accuracy of final consonants and the order of consonant acquisition.

Methods
Eleven young CI recipients with 24 months of CI experience and 11 age- and gender-matched TD peers produced target words in short sentences. Consonant production accuracy was examined for total scores, initial and final word positions, and three developmental sound classes: Early, Middle, and Late.

Results
Initial consonants were produced with relatively greater accuracy than were final consonants by the TD and CI groups. Whereas initial consonants appeared to be acquired in a typical order, descriptive data suggest that this might not be the case for final consonants.

Conclusions
Although still delayed compared to age-matched peers, young CI recipients showed substantial progress in consonant acquisition. Their accuracy levels after 2 years of CI experience support the notion that implantation at a young age has added value for phonological development.
Historical and Cultural Influences on Establishing Professional Legitimacy: A Case Example From Lionel Logue
Authors: Duchan Judith Felson 
Published: November 2012

Purpose

In the film
The King’s Speech,
the credibility of the king’s speech clinician, Lionel Logue, is challenged. This article examines Logue’s credentials in light of the credentialing standards and attitudes of Logue’s time as well as those affecting today’s practices. The aim is to show how standards of legitimacy change with the times.

Method
Documents related to clinical qualifications and clinical practices are analyzed for the period in the early 20th century, when Logue practiced. They are then compared with how clinicians of today attain professional legitimacy.

Conclusion
Early 20th century clinicians drew their credibility from their home disciplines such as medicine, phonetics, elocution, and education. Some of their therapies originated in the home discipline. Other therapies were commonly used, regardless of one’s disciplinary background. Lionel Logue’s background and methods would not have been suspect in his time. He may have been faulted by some for his lack of scientific perspective, but another likely source for the challenges to his credibility were early 20th century British social biases against Australians and against those using Australian dialects. The comparative analysis revealed that early 20th century clinicians and clinicians of today have certain clinical practices in common, but they differ considerably in how they establish their legitimacy. This indicates that judgments about a clinician’s legitimacy are both historically and culturally determined.
Comment on Revalidating Swallowing Assessments
Authors: Carnaby Giselle 
Published: November 2012

Purpose
A letter to the editor is presented regarding the recently published article by González-Fernández, Sein, and Palmer (2011). In this letter, Dr.Giselle Carnaby stipulates that although González-Fernández and colleagues' article reports on the revalidation of a common swallowing assessment tool, it does not, however, fully address issues surrounding (a) the use of retrospective data for revalidation, (b) the impact of missing data on analyses, and (c) the failure to replicate an assessment’s scoring system.

Conclusion

These issues are pertinent for the readership of the
American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology
(AJSLP) and for the interpretation and development of future assessment tools in this area.
Does microbial stoichiometry modulate eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems?
Authors: Steenbergh A. K. , Bodelier P. L. E. , Heldal M. , Slomp C. P. , Laanbroek H. J. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryThe stoichiometry of prokaryotes (Bacteria and Archaea) can control benthic phosphorus (P) fluxes relative to carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) during organic matter remineralization. This paper presents the first experimental data on benthic microbial stoichiometry. We used X‐ray microanalysis to determine C : N : P ratios of individual prokaryotes from C‐limited Baltic Sea sediments incubated under oxic or anoxic conditions. At approximately 400:1, C : P ratios of prokaryotes from both oxic and anoxic incubations were higher than the Redfield ratio for marine organic matter (106:1), whereas prokaryotic C : N ratios (6.4:1) were close to the Redfield ratio. We conclude that high microbial C : P ratios contribute to the enhanced remineralization of P from organic matter relative to C and N observed in many low oxygen marine settings.
Risk of developmental dysplasia of the hip in breech presentation: the effect of successful external cephalic version
Authors: Lambeek AF , De Hundt M , Vlemmix F , Akerboom BMC , Bais JMJ , Papatsonis DNM , Mol BWJ , Kok M 
Published: November 2012

Please cite this paper as: Lambeek A, De Hundt M, Vlemmix F, Akerboom B, Bais J, Papatsonis D, Mol B, Kok M. Risk of developmental dysplasia of the hip in breech presentation: the effect of successful external cephalic version. BJOG 2012; DOI: 10.1111/1471‐0528.12013.Objective  To evaluate the effect of successful external cephalic version on the incidence of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) requiring treatment in singleton breech presentation at term.Design  Observational cohort study.Setting  Three large teaching hospitals in the Netherlands.Population  Women with a singleton breech presentation of 34 weeks of gestation or more, who underwent an external cephalic version attempt.Methods  We made a comparison of the incidence of DDH between children born in breech presentation and children born in cephalic presentation after a successful external cephalic version.Main outcome measure  The incidence of DDH requiring either conservative treatment, with a harness, or surgical treatment.Results  A total of 498 newborns were included in the study, of which 40 (8%) were diagnosed with DDH and 35 required treatment. Multivariate analysis showed that female gender (OR 2.79, 95% CI 1.23–6.35) and successful external cephalic version (OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.09–0.95) were independently associated with DDH.Conclusions  A successful external cephalic version is associated with a lower incidence of DDH, although a high percentage of children born after a successful external cephalic version still appear to have DDH. A larger cohort study is needed to establish the definite nature of this relationship. Until then, we recommend the same screening policy for infants born in cephalic position after a successful external cephalic version as for infants born in breech position.
A quest for indigenous truffle helper prokaryotes
Authors: Gryndler Milan , Soukupová Lucie , Hršelová Hana , Gryndlerová Hana , Borovička Jan , Streiblová Eva , Jansa Jan 
Published: November 2012

SummaryTuber aestivum is the most common European truffle with significant commercial exploitation. Its production originates from natural habitats and from artificially inoculated host tree plantations. Formation of Tuber ectomycorrhizae in host seedling roots is often inefficient. One possible reason is the lack of indigenous associative microbes. Here we aimed at metagenetic characterization and cultivation of indigenous prokaryotes associated with T. aestivum in a field transect cutting through the fungus colony margin. Several operational taxonomic units (OTUs) showed close association with the T. aestivum in the ectomycorrhizae and in the soil, but there was no overlap between the associative prokaryotes in the two different habitats. Among those positively associated with the ectomycorrhizae, we identified several bacterial genera belonging to Pseudonocardineae. Extensive isolation efforts yielded many cultures of ectomycorrhizae‐associative bacteria belonging to Rhizobiales and Streptomycineae, but none belonging to the Pseudonocardineae. The specific unculturable Tuber‐associated prokaryotes are likely to play important roles in the biology of these ectomycorrhizal fungi, including modulation of competition with other symbiotic and saprotrophic microbes, facilitation of root penetration and/or accessing mineral nutrients in the soil. However, the ultimate proof of this hypothesis will require isolation of the microbes for metabolic studies, using novel cultivation approaches.
Why are first‐year accounting studies inclusive?
Authors: Crawford Ian , Wang Zhiqi 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis study is motivated by the increasing diversity among first‐year accounting students and the increasing number of first‐year accounting students whose majors are not in accounting related areas in UK universities. The main contribution of this study is that it uses student data over four consecutive academic years from a first‐year accounting course at a UK university to provide empirical evidence in support of the theoretical framework proposed by Rankin et al. (2003). Our results show the effects of metacognitive knowledge and content knowledge on academic performance as well as highlighting the inclusiveness of the first‐year accounting course. For instance, regardless of the choices of secondary subjects, students who have good prior academic achievement are the best performers on the first‐year accounting course. The influence of content knowledge on academic performance is strongly felt when the assessments of the course changed from a 100 per cent final exam to a combination of mid‐term coursework and a final exam. The results suggest that well‐designed mid‐term coursework is academically beneficial to accounting students, especially non‐native English‐speaking students.
Variants in the 17q21 asthma susceptibility locus are associated with allergic rhinitis in the Japanese population
Authors: Tomita K. , Sakashita M. , Hirota T. , Tanaka S. , Masuyama K. , Yamada T. , Fujieda S. , Miyatake A. , Hizawa N. , Kubo M. , Nakamura Y. , Tamari M. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundAllergic rhinitis (AR) is a very common disorder peaking in the teenage years that is mediated by hypersensitivity responses to environmental allergens. Although it is well established that the ORMDL3 locus at chromosome 17q21 is associated with susceptibility to bronchial asthma, the genetic influences of the polymorphisms of the locus in allergic rhinitis are unclear.ObjectiveTo examine whether the polymorphisms in the 17q21 asthma susceptibility locus are associated with allergic rhinitis in the Japanese population.MethodsWe performed linkage disequilibrium (LD) mapping of the locus using the HapMap database and conducted an association study of the locus with a total of 15 tag SNPs in two independent populations. We further evaluated correlations of genotypes with changes in expression of genes at the region in lymphoblastoid cell lines in the Japanese population and assessed the expression levels of the genes in nasal epithelium and various human tissues.ResultsWe found a significant association between a total of five polymorphisms in the 17q21 asthma susceptibility locus, rs9303277, rs7216389, rs7224129, rs3744246, and rs4794820, and AR (minimum Pcombined = 0.00074, rs4794820). The expression level of the ORMDL3 transcript was significantly correlated with the genotype of rs12150079, rs7216389, rs3744246, and rs4794820 with P < 0.01 (minimum P = 0.0058, rs7216389), and ORMDL3 mRNA was highly expressed in nasal epithelium.ConclusionGenetic variants in the 17q21 asthma susceptibility locus are significantly associated with AR in the Japanese population.