bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On an infinite dimensional linear-quadratic problem with fixed endpoints: The continuity question
Authors: Przyłuski K.Maciej 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
In a Hilbert space setting, necessary and sufficient conditions for the minimum norm solution u to the equation Su = Rz to be continuously dependent on z are given. These conditions are used to study the continuity of minimum energy and linear-quadratic control problems for infinite dimensional linear systems with fixed endpoints.
Minimum energy control of fractional descriptor positive discrete-time linear systems
Authors: Kaczorek Tadeusz 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Necessary and sufficient conditions for the positivity and reachability of fractional descriptor positive discrete-time linear systems are established. The minimum energy control problem for descriptor positive systems is formulated and solved. Sufficient conditions for the existence of a solution to the minimum energy control problem are given. A procedure for computation of optimal input sequences and a minimal value of the performance index is proposed and illustrated by a numerical example.
Efficiency analysis of control algorithms in spatially distributed systems with chaotic behavior
Authors: Korus Łukasz 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The paper presents results of examination of control algorithms for the purpose of controlling chaos in spatially distributed systems like the coupled map lattice (CML). The mathematical definition of the CML, stability analysis as well as some basic results of numerical simulation exposing complex, spatiotemporal and chaotic behavior of the CML were already presented in another paper. The main purpose of this article is to compare the efficiency of controlling chaos by simple classical algorithms in spatially distributed systems like CMLs. This comparison is made based on qualitative and quantitative evaluation methods proposed in the previous paper such as the indirect Lyapunov method, Lyapunov exponents and the net direction phase indicator. As a summary of this paper, some conclusions which can be useful for creating a more efficient algorithm of controlling chaos in spatially distributed systems are made.
Analytic results for oscillatory systems with extremal dynamic properties
Authors: Górecki Henryk , Zaczyk Mieczysław 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The maximal value of the error is the most important criterion in system design. It is also the most difficult one. For that reason there exist many other criteria. The extreme value of the error represents the attainable accuracy which can be obtained and the corresponding extreme time gives information about how fast the transients are. The extreme values of the error and the corresponding time are treated here as functions of the roots of the characteristic equation. The proposed analytical formulae allow designing systems with prescribed dynamic properties.
On infinite horizon active fault diagnosis for a class of non-linear non-Gaussian systems
Authors: Punčochár Ivo , Šmandl Miroslav 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The paper considers the problem of active fault diagnosis for discrete-time stochastic systems over an infinite time horizon. It is assumed that the switching between a fault-free and finitely many faulty conditions can be modelled by a finite-state Markov chain and the continuous dynamics of the observed system can be described for the fault-free and each faulty condition by non-linear non-Gaussian models with a fully observed continuous state. The design of an optimal active fault detector that generates decisions and inputs improving the quality of detection is formulated as a dynamic optimization problem. As the optimal solution obtained by dynamic programming requires solving the Bellman functional equation, approximate techniques are employed to obtain a suboptimal active fault detector.
A mathematical model for fluid-glucose-albumin transport in peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Cherniha Roman , Stachowska-Piętka Joanna , Waniewski Jacek 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
A mathematical model for fluid and solute transport in peritoneal dialysis is constructed. The model is based on a threecomponent nonlinear system of two-dimensional partial differential equations for fluid, glucose and albumin transport with the relevant boundary and initial conditions. Our aim is to model ultrafiltration of water combined with inflow of glucose to the tissue and removal of albumin from the body during dialysis, by finding the spatial distributions of glucose and albumin concentrations as well as hydrostatic pressure. The model is developed in one spatial dimension approximation, and a governing equation for each of the variables is derived from physical principles. Under some assumptions the model can be simplified to obtain exact formulae for spatially non-uniform steady-state solutions. As a result, the exact formulae for fluid fluxes from blood to the tissue and across the tissue are constructed, together with two linear autonomous ODEs for glucose and albumin concentrations in the tissue. The obtained analytical results are checked for their applicability for the description of fluid-glucose-albumin transport during peritoneal dialysis.
A hybrid algorithm for solving inverse problems in elasticity
Authors: Barabasz Barbara , Gajda-Zagórska Ewa , Migórski Stanisław , Paszyński Maciej , Schaefer Robert , Smołka Maciej 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The paper offers a new approach to handling difficult parametric inverse problems in elasticity and thermo-elasticity, formulated as global optimization ones. The proposed strategy is composed of two phases. In the first, global phase, the stochastic hp-HGS algorithm recognizes the basins of attraction of various objective minima. In the second phase, the local objective minimizers are closer approached by steepest descent processes executed singly in each basin of attraction. The proposed complex strategy is especially dedicated to ill-posed problems with multimodal objective functionals. The strategy offers comparatively low computational and memory costs resulting from a double-adaptive technique in both forward and inverse problem domains. We provide a result on the Lipschitz continuity of the objective functional composed of the elastic energy and the boundary displacement misfits with respect to the unknown constitutive parameters. It allows common scaling of the accuracy of solving forward and inverse problems, which is the core of the introduced double-adaptive technique. The capability of the proposed method of finding multiple solutions is illustrated by a computational example which consists in restoring all feasible Young modulus distributions minimizing an objective functional in a 3D domain of a photo polymer template obtained during step and flash imprint lithography.
A finite-buffer queue with a single vacation policy: An analytical study with evolutionary positioning
Authors: Woźniak Marcin , Kempa Wojciech M. , Gabryel Marcin , Nowicki Robert K. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
In this paper, application of an evolutionary strategy to positioning a GI/M/1/N-type finite-buffer queueing system with exhaustive service and a single vacation policy is presented. The examined object is modeled by a conditional joint transform of the first busy period, the first idle time and the number of packets completely served during the first busy period. A mathematical model is defined recursively by means of input distributions. In the paper, an analytical study and numerical experiments are presented. A cost optimization problem is solved using an evolutionary strategy for a class of queueing systems described by exponential and Erlang distributions.
Accelerating backtrack search with a best-first-search strategy
Authors: Mann Zoltán Ádám , Szép Tamás 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Backtrack-style exhaustive search algorithms for NP-hard problems tend to have large variance in their runtime. This is because “fortunate” branching decisions can lead to finding a solution quickly, whereas “unfortunate” decisions in another run can lead the algorithm to a region of the search space with no solutions. In the literature, frequent restarting has been suggested as a means to overcome this problem. In this paper, we propose a more sophisticated approach: a best-firstsearch heuristic to quickly move between parts of the search space, always concentrating on the most promising region. We describe how this idea can be efficiently incorporated into a backtrack search algorithm, without sacrificing optimality. Moreover, we demonstrate empirically that, for hard solvable problem instances, the new approach provides significantly higher speed-up than frequent restarting.
An analytical method for well-formed workflow/Petri net verification of classical soundness
Authors: Clempner Julio 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
In this paper we consider workflow nets as dynamical systems governed by ordinary difference equations described by a particular class of Petri nets. Workflow nets are a formal model of business processes. Well-formed business processes correspond to sound workflow nets. Even if it seems necessary to require the soundness of workflow nets, there exist business processes with conditional behavior that will not necessarily satisfy the soundness property. In this sense, we propose an analytical method for showing that a workflow net satisfies the classical soundness property using a Petri net. To present our statement, we use Lyapunov stability theory to tackle the classical soundness verification problem for a class of dynamical systems described by Petri nets. This class of Petri nets allows a dynamical model representation that can be expressed in terms of difference equations. As a result, by applying Lyapunov theory, the classical soundness property for workflow nets is solved proving that the Petri net representation is stable. We show that a finite and non-blocking workflow net satisfies the sound property if and only if its corresponding PN is stable, i.e., given the incidence matrix A of the corresponding PN, there exists a Փ strictly positive m vector such that AՓ≤ 0. The key contribution of the paper is the analytical method itself that satisfies part of the definition of the classical soundness requirements. The method is designed for practical applications, guarantees that anomalies can be detected without domain knowledge, and can be easily implemented into existing commercial systems that do not support the verification of workflows. The validity of the proposed method is successfully demonstrated by application examples.
Encroachment of Canals of Dhaka City,
Bangladesh: An Investigative Approach
Authors: Ishtiaque Asif , Mahmud Mallik Sezan , Rafi Mahmudul Hasan 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Dhaka City has been suffering from many environmental problems including
flooding, water logging and other related problems. Urbanization, which is occurring very fast
and with larger magnitude in Dhaka, is the intrinsic reason behind these problems. High rate of
urbanization causes extensive urban area expansion and as a result canals, wetland and other
water bodies are quickly vanishing from the landscape. This study shows the present physical
condition of the canals; identifies the processes of canal encroachment; represents the
consequences of canal encroachment. 13 canals of 50 were surveyed; local people were
surveyed to identify the impact and processes of encroachment. According to this study, canals
of Dhaka city are under serious threat of extinction and require immediate recovery actions.
Canals are being encroached in various styles and this study identifies five: unauthorized land
filling, illegal construction over canal, expansion of slum, solid waste dumping, taking
advantage of lack of awareness of local people as well as government agencies. However, this
study also discusses the grave consequences of canal encroachment: increasing flood
vulnerability, wane of ground water recharge area and ground water level, collapse of natural
drainage system, loss of local ecology and biodiversity.
The ARRIBA Concept: Adequate Resorption of Ribavirin
Authors: De Kanter Clara TMM , Koning Ludi , Berden Floor AC , Wasmuth Jan-Christian , Grintjes-Huisman Karin JT , Becker Brigitta , Colbers Angela PH , Roukens Monique MB , Rockstroh Jürgen K , Drenth Joost PH , De Knegt Robert J , Dofferhoff Anton SM , Burger David M 
Published: January 2015

Background Adequate ribavirin exposure is essential for optimal sustained virological response (SVR) rates in chronic HCV treatment. It has been proposed that the area under the concentration-time curve up to 4 h after intake of ribavirin (AUC0–4h) of the first weight-based ribavirin dose should be ≥1.755 mg•h/l to guarantee the highest chance of SVR. Our ARRIBA concept comprises a test dose of ribavirin to select the optimal starting dose to achieve adequate exposure. This study aims to evaluate whether adequate exposure can be achieved after dose advice based on the AUC0–4h of a single weight-based ribavirin test dose. Methods (Formerly) HCV-infected subjects received a single weight-based ribavirin test dose (<75 kg: 400 mg; ≥75 kg: 600 mg) and the AUC0–4h was calculated. If ribavirin AUC0–4h was ≥1.755 mg•h/l, subjects received the same dose 4 weeks later; if the AUC0–4h was <1.755 mg•h/l, an adjusted dose was administered. The ribavirin AUC0–4h was recorded again. The primary outcome was the proportion of subjects with an AUC0–4h ≥1.755 mg•h/l after the second dose. Results A total of 26 subjects were included. The geometric mean (95% CI) ribavirin AUC0–4h was 1.67 (1.44–1.92) mg•h/l with 9 subjects (35%) reaching the target AUC on day 1. Thus, on day 29, 17 subjects (65%) received an adjusted dose. The geometric mean (95% CI) AUC0–4h increased to 1.90 (1.62–2.21) mg•h/l and then 16 subjects (62%) had an AUC0–4h ≥1.755 mg•h/l, which is significantly higher than day 1 ( P<0.05). Conclusions Our ARRIBA concept of a ribavirin test dose, with dose adjustment if necessary, leads to an increased proportion of patients with an AUC≥1.755 mg•h/l compared to traditional weight-based ribavirin dosing.
Development of the Continuous Curvilinear Lenticulerrhexis Technique for Small Incision Lenticule Extraction
Authors: Zhao Yu , Li Meiyan , Yao Peijun , Shah Rupal , Knorz Michael C. , Zhou Xingtao 
Published: January 2015

PURPOSE:
To develop and evaluate the new continuous curvilinear lenticulerrhexis (CCL) technique for small incision lenticule extraction.

METHODS:
Thirty-one eyes of 20 patients with myopia were included in the study. The CCL technique for lenticule extraction was developed and used in 16 eyes of 10 patients (CCL group). The traditional technique of lenticule extraction was used in 15 eyes of 10 patients (traditional group). Uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity, manifest refraction, lenticule quality, the duration of the extraction procedure, microdistorsions in Bowman’s layer under optical coherence tomography (Optovue OCT; Optovue, Inc., Fremont, CA), and adverse events were evaluated at 1 day and 1 month postoperatively.

RESULTS:
At the first postoperative month, all eyes in both groups had an uncorrected distance visual acuity of 1.0 or better. The safety indices were 1.12 and 1.09 for the CCL and traditional groups, respectively. The efficacy indices were 1.06 and 1.09 for the CCL and traditional groups, respectively. All lenticules in the CCL group had intact, round margins, whereas one lenticule in the traditional group had a microdefect margin. There was no statistically significant difference in duration of lenticule extraction or microdistorsions in Bowman’s layer. No eyes in the CCL group developed diffuse lamellar keratitis, as compared to one eye in the traditional group.

CONCLUSIONS:
The CCL technique exhibited excellent safety and efficacy for myopia correction, suggesting CCL is a promising technique that merits further development and study.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2015;31(1):16–21.]
Evaluation of Two Indigenous Multipurpose Shrub Species for Agroforestry Practices in Nigeria
Authors: Udofia SI , Uluocha OB , Owoh PW , Asuquoekpo CR 
Published: January 2015

Trees integrated with crops in time and space help nutrient cycling on farms by increasing the supply and availability of nutrient in the crop root zone and reducing nutrient losses. An analysis to determine the nutrient composition of two indigenous multipurpose shrubs (Uvaria chamae p. beauv and Icacina trichantha oliv) of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria, was conducted in the lowland rainforest agro-ecological zone. The roots and leaves of the shrubs were collected from the three agro-ecological (mangrove, freshwater swamp and lowland rainforest) zones and analysed for nutrient contents including the soils. Nitrogen content was determined using Kjeldahl method while phosphorus and potassium were determined by flame photometry method. The results indicated a great variability in the nutrient composition of the two species. Nitrogen content in the leaves and roots of Icacina trichantha was 2.78% and 1.17% while that of Uvaria chamae was 1.85% and 0.65% respectively. The percentage phosphorus composition in the roots of Icacina trichantha was 0.09% while that of Uvaria chamae was 0.07%. Whereas in the leaves sample, Uvaria chamae had phosphorus content of 0.10%, the percentage composition of potassium in Uvaria chamae was 0.09% while Icacina trichantha had 0.05% respectively. In the roots, Icacina trichantha and Uvaria chamae had 0.11% and 0.09% potassium content respectively. The two indigenous multipurpose shrubs contained essential nutrient sources for growth and high crop yield. It is therefore recommended that farmers could intercrop these species with food crops in their farmland to improved soil fertility.Keywords: Evaluation, indigenous, multipurpose shrubs, agroforestry, Nigeria
Effectiveness of Using Floating Drum Bio-Digester to Treat Domestic Sewage
Authors: Adeniran KA , Kareem KY 
Published: January 2015

An anaerobic floating drum digester was used in treating domestic sewage. The volumetric capacity of the digester plant was estimated as 258.99 litres with a 250 litre-gas holder tank. The gas holder tank was fitted into the digester tank with a clearance of about 2cm to allow the former rise freely when biogas is generated in the digester tank. An inlet pipe was introduced for loading the wastes into the digester and an outlet pipe for dislodging, with an overflow pipe which indicates the maximum extent to which the digester could be filled. A gas valve was incorporated at the top of the dome-shaped gas holder to control the gas flow. With the aid of a thermocouple wire fitted into the digester and a multimetre, the temperature of the sewage was monitored at a succession of 4 hours for a hydraulic retention period of 42 days. Sewage was obtained from a freshly dug soak away and fed into the bio-digester through the inlet pipe. Physical, chemical and bacteriological analyses were carried out before and during digestion process on daily basis. Results show that Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) of the sewage before and after treatment was 96.50 mg/l and 55.50 mg/l respectively. The Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) was 81.60 mg/l and 59.00 mg/l, before and after treatment respectively. The dissolved oxygen (DO) reduced from 124.80 mg/l to 84.30mg/l after a hydraulic retention period of 42 days. These results of the resulting treated water agreed to a reasonable level with the standards slated in the World Health Organisation (WHO, 2006) standards for safe disposal of wastewater.Keywords: Anaerobic bio-digester, domestic sewage, dislodging, thermocouple.
Enhancing the Production of Cassava in the Rural Sector of the Nigerian Economy through Integrated Rural Development
Authors: Okosun VA , Aihie-Ezomo J 
Published: January 2015

The main rhythm of this paper is on enhancing the production of cassava in the rural sector of the Nigerian economy through integrated rural development. A macroscopic new of the rural nook and crannies in the southwest, southeast and south-south etc of Nigeria will reveal that the rural inhabitants are peasants engaged mainly in agriculture. However, the production of cassava, one of the main root crops that will earn Nigeria huge foreign exchange is benighted with avalanche or plethora of problems. An elaborate and articulate policy of rural development mounted by various tier of government with the assistance of Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) will not only galvanize cassava production in the rural sector. It will be the orifice that will enhance and synergy cassava production in the nation. It is only through this medium that the production of cassava in the Nigeria will witness an unprecedented boom. Consequently, the paper defines the concept of rural development. The paper is explicated with the aid of bottom up approach and participatory approach. It also examines the various pitfalls bedevilling the production of Nigeria. Finally, a new paradigm shift in the production of cassava was orchestrated.
Effect of the Mode of Admission on the Performance of NCE Biology Students in Osun State College of Education, Ila Orangun
Authors: Farounbi AI 
Published: January 2015

The effect of the mode of admission on the level of performance of students in NCE Biology was investigated in this study. The study made use of seven years records between 1997 and 2004 when students could be admitted through preliminary studies or by direct entry through JAMB if qualified. The results of the students were analyzed according to their respective mode of admission. Data collected were analyzed with t, f, and Chi square tests as applicable. It was observed that student intake continue to increase from year to year with more females admitted than males within the period under study. Students admitted directly into NCE programme performed significantly better than those that pass through pre-NCE. It was also observed that the mean CGPA reduces as student intake increases. It is recommended that pre-NCE students should be made to write JAMB and Post-JAMB examination to qualify.Keywords: Direct Entry, mode, Pre–NCE, Pre–Male, Pre–Female, Direct Male, Direct Female, Grade Point Average
Gaining One's Definition
Authors: Floyd-Thomas Juan M. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Since his untimely death fifty years ago, there has been considerable cognitive dissonance surrounding Malcolm X in the collective consciousness. This tension is fueled by the way Malcolm X's life and legacy has been refracted through the prism of Christocentric analytic frameworks. A critical question is what corrective measures can be taken within Malcolm X studies to compensate for such methodological and theoretical biases and enable us to better understand his religious worldview within the context of his own complex subjectivity. This article explores three key areas of Malcolm X's life and legacy that are deeply significant for Christians and Christianity: the writing of The Autobiography of Malcolm X, the iconic use of Malcolm X's image, and Malcolm X's conversion to Sunni Islam following his pilgrimage to Mecca.
Shaheed-e Harlem
Authors: Rashid Hussein 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Malcolm X continues to have an impact on numerous antiracist struggles in the world. A British South Asian diaspora musical group, Fun^Da^Mental (FDM), not only samples Malcolm X but seems to echo his transformation by looking at the particularity of its situation in relation to the universality of struggles against dominance and hegemony. FDM integrates Malcolm X's words with Muslim devotionals from South Asia, hip-hop, and electronic music to signify transnational and interethnic solidarity. Ultimately, FDM is not only antiracist but interested in crafting a new British identity.