bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining School Grounds as a Place for Children’s Physical Activity Performance in Tehran
Authors: Marouf Noura , Johar Suhana , Irfan Che-Ani Adi , Mohd Tawil Norngainy 
Published: October 2015

<p>Children need to play outdoors to develop socially, emotionally, cognitively, and physically. Outdoor play opportunities have the potential to promote physical and mental health throughout the life of children. Outdoor play has been acknowledged as a primary right for children; therefore there is a need to create spaces, where children can go and play spontaneously every day. Regarding to where the outdoor play of children takes place is significant; school grounds, as a place for children to learn and promote their health, could be assumed as a key setting that enhances and contributes to outdoor play guidelines. It requires making awareness and evaluation of current school grounds referring to outdoor play requirements. Four school grounds were selected as case studies in Tehran to be evaluated by School Environmental Audit Tool (SEAT). The survey shows a lack of proper consideration in the design and maintenance in the current situation of these important sites for children. At the end, some recommendations were proposed in order to outdoor play provision in accordance to current school grounds of Tehran. <strong></strong></p>
The Role of High-Risk Human Papilloma Virus Testing in the Surveillance of Cervical Cancer After Treatment
Authors: Yu Miao Crystal , Austin R. Marshall , Lin Jeff , Beck Tiffany , Beriwal Sushil , Comerci John T. , Edwards Robert P. , Sukumvanich Paniti , Kelley Joseph , Olawaiye Alexander B. 
Published: October 2015

Context
Cervical cancer affects 12 000 women in the United States annually. However, despite its prevalence, there remains no good methodology to detect its recurrence.

Objective
To identify the role of cervicovaginal high-risk human papilloma virus (hr-HPV) testing in predicting cervical cancer recurrence.

Design
This is a retrospective study of patients who underwent hr-HPV testing as part of their routine surveillance for cervical cancer. Standard statistical analyses, including χ2 test and multivariable logistic regression, were performed with IBM SPSS 19.0.

Results
A total of 133 patients were identified, of whom 107 (80%) had squamous cell carcinoma. Ninety patients (68%) had bulky disease and were treated primarily with chemoradiation and brachytherapy. Of patients whose disease recurred, 5 patients (42%) had tested positive for hr-HPV during their surveillance period, compared to 13 patients (11%) for whom disease did not recur (relative risk: 3.88, P = .002). On multivariate logistic regression, hr-HPV status remained significantly predictive of disease recurrence (odds ratio: 12.3, P = .02, 95% confidence interval: 1.5–99.6). Using 2 × 2 table analysis, we found that while cervicovaginal cytology has limited specificity (5.7%) in predicting recurrence, the combination of cytology with hr-HPV testing increases the specificity of testing to 89.3%.

Conclusions
Persistence of hr-HPV is a risk factor for disease recurrence. High-risk–HPV testing is not routinely used during surveillance for cervical cancer, but this study suggests that large, prospective trials investigating the role of hr-HPV testing in cervical cancer surveillance are needed.
Cumulative experience, age-class, sex and season affect the behavioural responses of European badgers (Meles meles) to handling and sedation
Authors: Sun Q , Stevens C , Newman C , Buesching CD , Macdonald DW 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe restraint and sedation of wild animals has welfare implications, thus animal handling procedures should be well-informed and optimised to adhere to welfare standards. Furthermore, it is important that handling procedures should not cause future trap avoidance. This is of particular pertinence to European badgers (Meles meles), subject to extensive cage-trapping, relating to bovine tuberculosis epidemiology. We examined 4,288 capture/recapture events for 856 individual badgers, occurring between May 1999-September 2011, recording initial observed behaviour and reaction provoked by injection, on a scale ranging from still (0) to distressed/aggressive (3). Eighty-seven percent of adults and 76% of cubs were still (0) when approached initially and 75% of adults and 62% of cubs remained still when injected. Cubs exhibited significantly higher behavioural responses than adults, while female adults scored higher provoked scores than males. Importantly, the initial behaviour of an individual dictated its provoked response. Previous experience of capture was associated with lower subsequent behavioural response scores, while naïve badgers were most prone to score highly. Individuals first caught as cubs scored lower initial responses than those first caught as adults. Lower initial responses occurred in spring and summer and higher responses were associated with lice infestation. Behavioural criteria have potential to inform and optimise welfare in badger capture operations. This contributes to techniques allowing simple, non-invasive assessment of how wild animals in general respond to temporary restraint, where the psychological perception acts as the precursor to physiological stress.
Effects of catching and transportation versus pre-slaughter handling at the abattoir on the prevalence of wing fractures in broilers
Authors: Kittelsen KE , Granquist EG , Vasdal G , Tolo E , Moe RO 
Published: October 2015

AbstractFractures occurring in conscious broiler chickens are painful and severely compromise animal welfare. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pre-slaughter handling procedures on the frequency of wing fractures. Wings were examined for fractures in 11,609 broilers, from 12 different flocks, slaughtered in two abattoirs: one using bi-phasic CO2stunning (CS); and one using electric water-bath stunning (ES). The same broilers were examined: i) in lairage, representing fractures attributed to catching and transportation; ii) after evacuation of transport containers and shackling (only ES); and iii) post-stunning. The mean frequencies of wing fractures were: in the lairage; 0.8% (CS 0.73%, ES 0.88%); after shackling prior to stunning; 2.90% (only ES); and after stunning; 2.35% (CS 1.80%, ES 2.90%). Regardless of stunning method, significantly more fractures occurred during pre-slaughter handling at the abattoirs than during catching/transportation. The difference in prevalence between CS and ES was not significant. All fractures observed in the ES occurred in conscious animals, whereas in the CS it was not possible to distinguish between fractures occurring in conscious or stunned broilers. From a welfare perspective, fractures occurring on-farm/transport result in prolonged suffering and are thus considered more serious in risk assessments of broiler welfare, even though more fractures occur at the abattoir. Monitoring of wing fractures at abattoirs should be included as an indicator of broiler welfare.
Stakeholder views on treating pain due to dehorning dairy calves
Authors: Robbins JA , Weary DM , Schuppli CA , von Keyserlingk MAG 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA common and painful management practice undertaken on most dairy farms is dehorning young calves (also called ‘disbudding’ when done on calves less than about two months of age). Despite much evidence the practice is painful, and effective means available to mitigate this pain, it is frequently performed without pain relief. The overall aim of this study was to describe different stakeholder views on the use of pain mitigation for disbudding and dehorning. Using an interactive, online platform, we asked participants whether or not they believed that calves should be disbudded and dehorned with pain relief and to provide reasons to support their choice. Participant composition was as follows: dairy producer or other farm worker (10%); veterinarian or other professional working with the dairy industry (7%); student, teacher or researcher (16%); animal advocate (9%); and no involvement with the dairy industry (57%). Of 354 participants, 90% thought pain relief should be provided when disbudding and dehorning. This support was consistent across all demographic categories suggesting the industry practice of disbudding and dehorning without pain control is not consistent with normative beliefs. The most common themes in participants’ comments were: pain intensity and duration, concerns about drug use, cost, ease and practicality and availability of alternatives. Some of the participants’ reasoning corresponded well with existing scientific evidence, but other reasons illustrated important misconceptions, indicating an urgent need for educational efforts targeted at dairy producers and dairy industry professionals advising these producers.
Evaluation of a novel rodenticide: acute sub-lethal effects of a methaemoglobin-inducing agent
Authors: Quy RJ , Gibson TJ , Lambert MS , Eason CT , Gregory NG 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn a series of experiments the welfare of para-aminovalerophenone (PAVP) sub-lethally poisoned rats (Rattus norvegicus) was assessed. The experiments: (i) examined the acute methaemoglobin (MetHb) profile over time; (ii) refined the LD50 estimate for PAVP in adult female rats; (iii) developed and validated three neurological tests; and (iv) assessed rats for neurological deficit following prolonged methaemoglobinaemia. The results from the first three experiments were used to refine the sub-lethal study. In the sub-lethal experiment 20 rats were gavaged with a single dose of 40 mg kg−1PAVP (based on an LD50 estimate of 43.3 mg kg−1). Control rats (n = 10) were treated with the carrier only. Eleven (surviving) PAVP-treated rats and controls were assessed over a two-week period. Rats were tested for forelimb grip strength, stability on an inclined plane and the ability to remove tape wrapped around a forepaw in order to determine deficits in motor functions and sensorimotor integration. Signs of recovery began 3-6 h post-dosing, with all animals showing no outward signs of poisoning within 48 h, and over the 14-day post-treatment monitoring period they gained weight and increased their food consumption. There was no significant overall difference in performance between PAVP-treated and control rats in any of the three neurological tests. In the inclined plane test, performance of sub-lethally PAVP-poisoned rats appeared to be temporarily impaired with treated animals slipping at a lower angle than controls on day two. During the tape removal test, four PAVP-treated rats failed to remove the tape within the 3-min time limit on one occasion each (4/77 occasions) up to seven days post-dosing. The severity and duration of signs following acute sub-lethal PAVP poisoning appeared to be lower than those reported for existing rodenticides. It is likely that the results presented in this study extend to other MetHb-inducers.
Slow and steady wins the race? No signs of reduced welfare in smaller broiler breeder hens at four weeks of age
Authors: Lindholm C , Calais A , Jönsson J , Yngwe N , Berndtson E , Hult E , Altimiras J 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBroiler breeder chickens are commonly reared under strict feed-restriction regimes to reduce obesity-induced health and fertility problems during adult life, and are assumed to experience a reduced welfare due to the resulting hunger. In these conditions, feed competition could influence the growth rate, so that the individuals falling behind in growth would experience more stress and hunger. We hypothesised that these chickens are poor competitors due to a reactive coping style and experience a further reduced welfare situation before size-sorting (‘grading’) at four weeks of age. Our results from open field, tonic immobility and home pen activity monitoring show signs of lower fear and higher home-pen activity levels in smaller hens and do not support the idea of reactive coping. H/L ratios of smaller hens were also found to be lower, indicating less stress in these birds. Dissections of smaller and larger four-week breeder hens may offer an explanation in the form of a relatively larger gastrointestinal tract in smaller birds. We argue that this is a form of habituation to restricted feeding, offering these birds a physiological stress coping mechanism, and that low early growth rate may not always be a sign of poorer welfare in broiler breeders.
Stereotypic mice are aggressed by their cage-mates, and tend to be poor demonstrators in social learning tasks
Authors: Harper L , Choleris E , Ervin K , Fureix C , Reynold K , Walker M , Mason G 
Published: October 2015

AbstractStereotypic behaviours (SBs) are linked with behavioural inflexibility and resemble symptoms of autism, suggesting that stereotypic animals could have autistic-like social impairments. SBs are also common in caged mice. We therefore hypothesised relationships between stereotypic and social behaviours, predicting that highly stereotypic mice would give/receive more agonism and be less effective in social learning tasks. Experiment One used C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mice in non-enriched or enriched housing (15 cages each); Experiment Two, more cages (six non-enriched, 44 enriched) plus a third strain (BALB/c). Across both experiments, enrichment reduced SB and agonism (aggression, plus ‘displacements’ where one mouse supplants another at a resource). These effects appeared related: housing effects on agonism became negligible when SB was statistically controlled for, and, at least in enriched cages, SB covaried with receiving aggression. In Experiment Three, 20 DBAs varying in SB from Experiment Two acted as demonstrators in a ‘social transmission of food preferences’ task. They were fed a novel flavour (shatavari powder), then each mingled with a familiar but flavour-naïve C57 observer. Observers were subsequently offered two novel flavours: shatavari or marjoram. Those spontaneously choosing more shatavari (n = 10) tended to have had less stereotypic demonstrators than the other ten observer mice. Overall, highly stereotypic mice thus received more agonism — an effect with obvious welfare implications that can be reduced with enrichment — and seemed potentially less effective at inducing flavour preferences in conspecifics. Such effects are consistent with social impairment, suggesting that reducing SB may perhaps enhance interactions between conspecifics.
Transport of horses for slaughter in Iceland
Authors: Roy RC , Cockram MS , Dohoo IR , Ragnarsson S 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThere is interest in the transportation of horses (Equus caballus) to slaughter and a need to assess the welfare implications of this practice. Forty-six loads of 7-35 horses transported for 0.33 to 3.10 h to a slaughter plant in Iceland were studied. Adults and foals were transported together and then placed in separate pens overnight in the lairage. This acted as a weaning procedure for the foals. Between one and eleven horses per load (59 adults and 129 foals) were observed during loading and at the slaughter plant, blood was sampled at slaughter and carcases were observed. No wounds were observed before transport, but 1.6% of horses had small, superficial bleeding wounds after transport. The respiration rate was greater after, compared to before, transport. Blood lactate concentration measured after lairage and slaughter was greater than normal in both adults and foals, 13% of adults and 20% of foals had a blood glucose concentration lower than normal, and 58% of adults and 25% of foals had a plasma total protein concentration greater than normal. Forty-four percent of adults and 17% of foals were bruised. There were no pre-existing conditions affecting the fitness of the horses for transportation. The effects of transport on the physiological responses and the severity of bruising were relatively minor. However, the results suggested that the handling, transport and lairage of the horses resulted in injury and signs of exertion or stress that were not compatible with optimal management practices. The mild dehydration in adults might have been associated with restricted access to drinking water during lairage of lactating mares. Controlled studies are required to identify the specific practices used in Iceland that result in injury and dehydration.
Investigating the role of coat colour, age, sex, and breed on outcomes for dogs at two animal shelters in the United States
Authors: Svoboda HJ , Hoffman CL 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe popular press frequently reports that coat colour bias negatively impacts shelter adoption rates for black domestic dogs. This phenomenon, commonly called ‘black dog syndrome’ (BDS), reportedly increases the likelihood of euthanasia for black dogs and negatively affects the length of black dogs’ time to adoption. While organisations may focus on BDS and ways to promote black dogs, it is possible that the influences of other important factors, such as sex, age and breed, may be overlooked. To evaluate the veracity of BDS and examine the impact of various phenotypic traits on shelter outcomes, we analysed four years of intake and outcome data from two animal shelters in the Pacific Northwestern United States. Results indicated that the average length of availability for adoption (LOA) for black dogs was not significantly longer than that for other coloured dogs, nor was the rate of euthanasia of black dogs significantly higher than average. On the other hand, age and breed group were consistent predictors of shelter outcomes across the two shelters. Older dogs tended to have longer LOA and to be euthanised at rates higher than expected. Bully breeds had significantly longer LOA in both shelters and, compared to other breeds, were euthanised at higher than expected rates. The methods implemented in this study could be utilised by other shelters to inform intake and marketing strategies.
L’effet réseau sur la délocalisation des PME1
Authors: Gallego-Roquelaure Virginie 
Published: October 2015

L’objet de cet article est de rapprocher deux registres de connaissances – la délocalisation en PME et les réseaux de PME – afin d’en questionner la relation. Pour ce faire, le modèle UPPSALA et le concept d’isomorphisme institutionnel sont mobilisés afin de mettre en lumière le rôle des réseaux, qu’ils soient inter-organisationnels ou inter-individuels, dans la décision de délocalisation des PME.Cette analyse de la littérature sera confrontée à une étude qualitative menée auprès de deux PME appartenant au même système productif local (SPL).Les résultats soulignent l’influence du SPL qui peut à la fois encourager une délocalisation induite via un isomorphisme mimétique et également freiner cette stratégie par un isomorphisme coercitif.
Une approche gestaltiste de la performance de la jeune entreprise technologique innovante
Authors: Khiari Sonia , Zouaoui Mahmoud , Smida Ali 
Published: October 2015

Considérées comme l’un des principaux leviers du développement économique d’un pays, les jeunes entreprises technologiques innovantes (JETI) sont à l’origine de l’introduction de nouvelles technologies, de l’exploration d’opportunités commerciales et de la création des marchés de l’avenir.Malgré l’intérêt considérable porté à la performance des JETI (Jiao et al., 2013 ; Chen, 2009 ; Song et al., 2008), les recherches concernant ses déterminants ont plutôt adopté une approche contingente que gestaltiste, alors que de nombreux travaux soulignent que la pertinence de cette dernière perspective est de pouvoir intégrer divers éléments dans une démarche holiste (Ketchen, Thomas et Snow, 1993 ; Harms et al., 2009 ; Witmeur et Biga Diambeidou, 2010) de manière à dépasser les conflits de l’approche contingente relatifs à l’analyse d’une multitude de relations bivariées (Henninger-Vacher, 1999 ; 2000).L’objectif de cet article est de contribuer à améliorer la compréhension de la performance de la JETI par la proposition d’une modélisation gestaltiste s’inscrivant dans le cadre de l’approche configurationnelle et permettant d’expliquer les différences de performance. Pour y parvenir, une enquête quantitative a été menée auprès d’un échantillon de 95 jeunes entreprises technologiques innovantes (JETI) du secteur des services informatiques en France. Les conclusions de ce travail peuvent alors constituer une grille de lecture permettant d’apporter un éclairage instructif sur les voies privilégiées de la performance de la JETI et faire l’objet auprès des praticiens, de réflexions et d’analyses complémentaires à leurs pratiques voire de développement d’un outil d’aide à la décision à destination des entrepreneurs.
Predicting glacio‐hydrologic change in the headwaters of the Zongo River, Cordillera Real, Bolivia
Authors: Frans Chris , Istanbulluoglu Erkan , Lettenmaier Dennis P. , Naz Bibi S. , Clarke Garry K. C. , Condom Thomas , Burns Pat , Nolin Anne W. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn many partially glacierized watersheds glacier recession driven by a warming climate could lead to complex patterns of streamflow response over time, often marked with rapid increases followed by sharp declines, depending on initial glacier ice cover and rate of climate change. Capturing such “phases” of hydrologic response is critical in regions where communities rely on glacier meltwater, particularly during low flows. In this paper, we investigate glacio‐hydrologic response in the headwaters of the Zongo River, Bolivia, under climate change using a distributed glacio‐hydrological model over the period of 1987–2100. Model predictions are evaluated through comparisons with satellite‐derived glacier extent estimates, glacier surface velocity, in situ glacier mass balance, surface energy flux, and stream discharge measurements. Historically (1987–2010) modeled glacier melt accounts for 27% of annual runoff, and 61% of dry season (JJA) runoff on average. During this period the relative glacier cover was observed to decline from 35 to 21% of the watershed. In the future, annual and dry season discharge is projected to decrease by 4% and 27% by midcentury and 25% and 57% by the end of the century, respectively, following the loss of 81% of the ice in the watershed. Modeled runoff patterns evolve through the interplay of positive and negative trends in glacier melt and increased evapotranspiration as the climate warms. Sensitivity analyses demonstrate that the selection of model surface energy balance parameters greatly influences the trajectory of hydrological change projected during the first half of the 21st century. These model results underscore the importance of coupled glacio‐hydrology modeling.