bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laser-Assisted Intradermal Delivery of Adjuvant-Free Vaccines Targeting XCR1+ Dendritic Cells Induces Potent Antitumoral Responses
Authors: Terhorst Dorothea , Fossum Even , Baranska Anna , Tamoutounour Samira , Malosse Camille , Garbani Mattia , Braun Reinhard , Lechat Elmira , Crameri Reto , Bogen Bjarne , Henri Sandrine , Malissen Bernard 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The development of vaccines inducing efficient CD8+ T cell responses is the focus of intense research. Dendritic cells (DCs) expressing the XCR1 chemokine receptor, also known as CD103+ or CD8α+ DCs, excel in the presentation of extracellular Ags to CD8+ T cells. Because of its high numbers of DCs, including XCR1+ DCs, the skin dermis is an attractive site for vaccine administration. By creating laser-generated micropores through the epidermis, we targeted a model protein Ag fused to XCL1, the ligand of XCR1, to dermal XCR1+ DCs and induced Ag-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cell responses. Efficient immunization required the emigration of XCR1+ dermal DCs to draining lymph nodes and occurred irrespective of TLR signaling. Moreover, a single intradermal immunization protected mice against melanoma tumor growth in prophylactic and therapeutic settings, in the absence of exogenous adjuvant. The mild inflammatory milieu created in the dermis by skin laser microporation itself most likely favored the development of potent T cell responses in the absence of exogenous adjuvants. The existence of functionally equivalent XCR1+ dermal DCs in humans should permit the translation of laser-assisted intradermal delivery of a tumor-specific vaccine targeting XCR1+ DCs to human cancer immunotherapy. Moreover, considering that the use of adjuvants in vaccines is often associated with safety issues, the possibility of inducing protective responses against melanoma tumor growth independently of the administration of exogenous adjuvants should facilitate the development of safer vaccines.
A critical analysis of information and communications technology adoption: The strategy-as-practice perspective
Authors: Govender Neelambal M. , Pretorius Marius 
Published: May 2015

Purpose: The ubiquitous pace of innovation is spawning a multitude of information and communications technology (ICT) products that are both redefining the manner in which organisations operate and have the potential to engender organisations with strategic advantage through the adoption of these products. However, the challenges that this presents to organisations include developing agile strategies that cater for market instabilities, determining what technology to adopt and ensuring that the appropriate technology is adopted. Thus, the purpose of this article is to perform a critical analysis of ICT adoption in an attempt to determine the influence that the pace of technology has on organisations in their endeavour to stay abreast of their market environment and to develop a comprehensive ICT adoption framework.Design/methodology/approach: This is exploratory research that concentrates on ICT adoption studied through the strategy-as-practice lens. Through critical analysis, the scientific literature was analysed to determine ICT adoption factors and to gain a better understanding of ICT adoption in the modern context. The principles of grounded theory were applied where repetitive reading of selected articles made it possible to identify factors that are associated with ICT adoption.Findings: The study identified three key factors of ICT adoption, namely ‘external’, ‘innovation’ and ‘organisational’. A number of ICT adoption characteristics were identified which were categorised against the three factors. In addition, the study identified critical management challenges associated with ICT innovation and the adoption thereof in the modern business context.Research limitations/implications: The proposed ICT adoption framework is based on scientific literature only and no popular writings, blogs or forums were included.Practical implications: Strategists need to understand that developing agile strategies involves more than discipline; it embraces an in-depth understanding of ICT adoption factors, insight into the daily operations of managers and an awareness of innovations in ICT.Originality/value: The article aims to enable organisations to better understand the effects of ICT innovation and the influence this has on management roles. Additionally, it presents a comprehensive ICT adoption framework that can aid strategists in understanding the factors that influence ICT adoption.
Home-based carers’ perceptions of health promotion on sexual health communication in Vhembe District
Authors: Ramathuba Dorah U. , Mashau Ntsieni S. , Tugli Augustine 
Published: May 2015

Background: The introduction of home-based care in rural communities in the 1980s contributed immensely toward the upliftment of the personal and environmental health of communities. Women’s groups provided health promotion skills and health education to communities and made a difference in health-related behaviour change.Objective: The purpose of the study was to explore and describe the home-based carers’ perception regarding health promotion concerning sexual health communication in Vhembe district, in the context of HIV, amongst communities still rooted in their culture.Method: A qualitative, explorative and descriptive design was used in order to understand home-based carers’ perceptions regarding health promotion on sexual health communication amongst rural communities which may adversely impact on health promotion practices. The population were home-based organisations in Vhembe. The sample was purposive and randomly selected and data were gathered through semi-structured face-to-face interviews and focus groups which determined data saturation. Open coding was used for analysis of data.Results: The results indicated that sexual communication was absent in most relationships and was not seen as necessary amongst married couples. Socioeconomic conditions, power inequity and emotional dependence had a negative impact on decision making and sexual communication.Conclusion: This study, therefore, recommends that educational and outreach efforts should focus on motivating change by improving the knowledge base of home-based carers. Since they are health promoters, they should be able to change the perceptions of the communities toward sexually-transmitted infections and HIV by promoting sexual health communication.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Custom Foot Orthoses for the Treatment of Plantar Heel Pain
Authors: Wrobel James S. , Fleischer Adam E. , Crews Ryan T. , Jarrett Beth , Najafi Bijan 
Published: May 2015

Background
Up to 10% of people will experience heel pain. The purpose of this prospective, double-blind, randomized clinical trial was to compare custom foot orthoses (CFO), prefabricated foot orthoses (PFO), and sham insole treatment for plantar fasciitis.

Methods
Seventy-seven patients with plantar fasciitis for less than 1 year were included. Outcome measures included first step and end of day pain, Revised Foot Function Index short form (FFI-R), 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), activity monitoring, balance, and gait analysis.

Results
The CFO group had significantly improved total FFI-R scores (77.4 versus 57.2; P = .03) without group differences for FFI-R pain, SF-36, and morning or evening pain. The PFO and CFO groups reported significantly lower morning and evening pain. For activity, the CFO group demonstrated significantly longer episodes of walking over the sham (P = .019) and PFO (P = .03) groups, with a 125% increase for CFOs, 22% PFOs, and 0.2% sham. Postural transition duration (P = .02) and balance (P = .05) improved for the CFO group. There were no gait differences. The CFO group reported significantly less stretching and ice use at 3 months.

Conclusions
The CFO group demonstrated 5.6-fold greater improvements in spontaneous physical activity versus the PFO and sham groups. All three groups improved in morning pain after treatment that included standardized athletic shoes, stretching, and ice. The CFO changes may have been moderated by decreased stretching and ice use after 3 months. These findings suggest that more objective measures, such as spontaneous physical activity improvement, may be more sensitive and specific for detecting improved weightbearing function than traditional clinical outcome measures, such as pain and disease-specific quality of life.
Nitrogen isotope ratios of nitrate and N* anomalies in the subtropical South Pacific
Authors: Yoshikawa Chisato , Makabe Akiko , Shiozaki Takuhei , Toyoda Sakae , Yoshida Osamu , Furuya Ken , Yoshida Naohiro 
Published: May 2015

AbstractNitrogen isotopic ratios of nitrate (δ15N–
) were analyzed above 1000 m water depth along 17°S in the subtropical South Pacific during the revisit WOCE P21 cruise in 2009. The δ15N–
and N* values were as high as 17‰ and as low as −18 μmol N L−1, respectively, at depths around 250 m east of 115°W, but were as low as 5‰ and as high as +1 μmol N L−1, respectively, in subsurface waters west of 170°W. The relationships among
concentrations, N* values, δ15N–
values, and oxygen and nitrite concentrations suggest that a few samples east of 90°W were from suboxic and nitrite‐accumulated conditions and were possibly affected by in situ water column denitrification. Most of the high‐δ15N–
and negative‐N* waters were probably generated by mixing between Subantarctic Mode Water from the Southern Ocean and Oxygen Deficit Zone Water from the eastern tropical South Pacific, with remineralization of organic matter occurring during transportation. Moreover, the relationship between δ15N–
and N* values, as well as Trichodesmium abundances and size‐specific nitrogen fixation rates at the surface, suggest that the low‐δ15N–
and positive‐N* subsurface waters between 160°E and 170°W were generated by the input of remineralized particles created by in situ nitrogen fixation, mainly by Trichodesmium spp. Therefore, the δ15N values of sediments in this region are expected to reveal past changes in nitrogen fixation or denitrification rates in the subtropical South Pacific.
An empirical model of the topside plasma density around 600 km based on ROCSAT‐1 and Hinotori observations
Authors: Huang He , Chen Yiding , Liu Libo , Le Huijun , Wan Weixing 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIt is an urgent task to improve the ability of ionospheric empirical models to more precisely reproduce the plasma density variations in the topside ionosphere. Based on the Republic of China Satellite 1 (ROCSAT‐1) observations, we developed a new empirical model of topside plasma density around 600 km under relatively quiet geomagnetic conditions. The model reproduces the ROCSAT‐1 plasma density observations with a root‐mean‐square‐error of 0.125 in units of lg(Ni(cm−3)) and reasonably describes the temporal and spatial variations of plasma density at altitudes in the range from 550 to 660 km. The model results are also in good agreement with observations from Hinotori, Coupled Ion‐Neutral Dynamics Investigations/Communications/Navigation Outage Forecasting System satellites and the incoherent scatter radar at Arecibo. Further, we combined ROCSAT‐1 and Hinotori data to improve the ROCSAT‐1 model and built a new model (R&H model) after the consistency between the two data sets had been confirmed with the original ROCSAT‐1 model. In particular, we studied the solar activity dependence of topside plasma density at a fixed altitude by R&H model and find that its feature slightly differs from the case when the orbit altitude evolution is ignored. In addition, the R&H model shows the merging of the two crests of equatorial ionization anomaly above the F2 peak, while the IRI_Nq topside option always produces two separate crests in this range of altitudes.
A revised model for microbially induced calcite precipitation: Improvements and new insights based on recent experiments
Authors: Hommel Johannes , Lauchnor Ellen , Phillips Adrienne , Gerlach Robin , Cunningham Alfred B. , Helmig Rainer , Ebigbo Anozie , Class Holger 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe model for microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) published by Ebigbo et al. (2012) has been improved based on new insights obtained from experiments and model calibration. The challenge in constructing a predictive model for permeability reduction in the underground with MICP is the quantification of the complex interaction between flow, transport, biofilm growth, and reaction kinetics. New data from Lauchnor et al. (2015) on whole‐cell ureolysis kinetics from batch experiments were incorporated into the model, which has allowed for a more precise quantification of the relevant parameters as well as a simplification of the reaction kinetics in the equations of the model. Further, the model has been calibrated objectively by inverse modeling using quasi‐1D column experiments and a radial flow experiment. From the postprocessing of the inverse modeling, a comprehensive sensitivity analysis has been performed with focus on the model input parameters that were fitted in the course of the model calibration. It reveals that calcite precipitation and concentrations of
and
are particularly sensitive to parameters associated with the ureolysis rate and the attachment behavior of biomass. Based on the determined sensitivities and the ranges of values for the estimated parameters in the inversion, it is possible to identify focal areas where further research can have a high impact toward improving the understanding and engineering of MICP.
Geodetic constraints to the source mechanism of the 2011–2013 unrest at Campi Flegrei (Italy) caldera
Authors: Trasatti Elisa , Polcari Marco , Bonafede Maurizio , Stramondo Salvatore 
Published: May 2015

AbstractCampi Flegrei caldera (Italy) was affected by a new unrest phase during 2011–2013. We exploit two COSMO‐SkyMed data sets to map the deformation field, obtaining displacement rates reaching 9 cm/yr in 2012 in the caldera center. The resulting data set is fitted in a geophysical inversion framework using finite element forward models to account for the 3‐D heterogeneous medium. The best fit model is a north dipping mixed‐mode dislocation source lying at ~5 km depth. The driving mechanism is ascribable to magma input into the source of the large 1982–1984 unrest (since similar source characteristics were inferred) that generates initial inflation followed by additional shear slip accompanying the extension of crack tips. The history and the current state of the system indicate that Campi Flegrei is able to erupt again, and the advanced techniques adopted provide useful information for short‐term forecasting.
Changes in the seasonality of tornado and favorable genesis conditions in the central United States
Authors: Lu Mengqian , Tippett Michael , Lall Upmanu 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe analyze changes in the seasonality of tornado reports and related environmental conditions over the central U.S. Tornado counts are normalized by annual totals to reduce effects of changing reporting practices. Wavelet analysis of the normalized tornado counts shows significant power at semiannual and annual frequencies. An environmental index based on convective available potential energy and storm relative helicity shows power at the same frequencies. Reconstruction of the normalized tornado counts and the environmental index at these frequencies provides a time‐filtered description of their seasonal variation. Onset and peak dates of the tornado season defined from the reconstruction are significantly correlated with those of the environmental index over the period 1979–2013 and are found to have trends of −3.7 and −3.8 days/decade, respectively. The agreement between changes in tornado report seasonality and those of the environmental index is evidence that the trends have a physical origin.
Mass Spectrometric Screening of Racemic Amine Catalysts for Enantioselective Michael Additions
Authors: Bächle Florian , Fleischer Ivana , Pfaltz Andreas 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn extension of a concept of Lloyd‐Jones, based on the combination of a racemic catalyst with a scalemic substrate, we have recently developed a method for determining the enantioselectivity of a chiral catalyst from its racemic form by mass spectrometric screening of a non‐equal mixture of two mass‐labeled quasi‐enantiomeric substrates. After an initial proof of principle using palladium‐catalyzed allylic substitution as test reaction, we report now the successful application of this approach to the screening of chiral amines as catalysts for the enantioselective Michael addition to α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes. The results confirm that our method allows fast and reliable evaluation of chiral racemic catalysts. This opens up new possibilities for investigating catalyst structures that are not easily available in enantiomerically pure form.magnified image
Increased pancreas cancer in a bio­technological research laboratory
Authors: Hansen Johnni , Wagner Poul , Uhrskov Anne Sofie , Larsen Anders Ingemann 
Published: May 2015

BackgroundPancreatic cancer is extremely rare among people under 55 years old. Its prognosis is poor, and the causal background remains almost unresolved. A previous study observed an increased occurrence of pancreatic cancer in workers in a French biochemical laboratory.MethodsCase report: During an approximate 10 year period in a Danish bio‐chemical laboratory with about 50 stable employees, four cases of pancreatic cancer have been diagnosed at a mean age of 53 years. Approximately 0.02 cases should be expected if the laboratory employees had experienced the same rate of pancreatic cancer as that observed in the respective general Danish populations.ResultAll the four cases had a long‐term occupational history of exposure to carcinogens during the early bio‐technology period.ConclusionsCausal conclusions cannot be made yet, but observation of former and present workers in biotechnological laboratories and their cancer occurrence is warranted. Am. J. Ind. Med. 58:788–790, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Polyphosphoester: eine neue Plattform für abbaubare Polymere
Authors: Steinbach Tobias , Wurm Frederik R. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPolyphosphoester (PPEs) spielen eine wichtige Rolle in der Natur. Sie strukturieren und bestimmen das Leben in Form von Desoxy‐ und Ribonukleinsäure (DNA und RNA) und speichern chemische Energie in Organismen als Pyrophosphate. In der Polymerchemie hingegen dominieren nicht‐abbaubare Polyolefine und schwer abbaubare Polycarbonsäureester (PCEs), die heute in großem Maßstab industriell hergestellt werden. Neuere Arbeiten haben das Potenzial der PPEs für Anwendungen jenseits klassischer Flammschutzadditive aufgezeigt und ein schlüssiges Konzept vorgestellt, um diese Biopolymerklasse in modernen Anwendungen einzusetzen, die sich die Biokompatibilität und Abbaubarkeit sowie die Möglichkeit zunutze machen, die Polymereigenschaften an individuelle Bedürfnisse anzupassen.
Twenty Years' Evolution of North Korean Migration, 1994–2014: A Human Security Perspective
Authors: Song Jiyoung 
Published: May 2015

AbstractOver the past two decades, there have been notable changes in North Korean migration: from forced migration to trafficking in women, from heroic underground railways to people smuggling by Christian missionaries. The migration has taken mixed forms of asylum seeking, human trafficking, undocumented labour migration and people smuggling. The paper follows the footsteps of North Korean migrants from China through Southeast Asia to South Korea, and from there to the United Kingdom, to see the dynamic correlation between human (in)security and irregular migration. It analyses how individual migrant's agency interacts with other key actors in the migration system and eventually brings about emerging patterns of four distinctive forms of irregular migration in a macro level. It uses human security as its conceptual framework that is a people‐centred, rather than state‐ or national security‐centric approach to irregular migration.
Efficient production of free fatty acids from soybean meal carbohydrates
Authors: Wang Dan , Thakker Chandresh , Liu Ping , Bennett George N. , San Ka‐Yiu 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTConversion of biomass feedstock to chemicals and fuels has attracted increasing attention recently. Soybean meal, containing significant quantities of carbohydrates, is an inexpensive renewable feedstock. Glucose, galactose, and fructose can be obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of soluble carbohydrates of soybean meal. Free fatty acids (FFAs) are valuable molecules that can be used as precursors for the production of fuels and other value‐added chemicals. In this study, free fatty acids were produced by mutant Escherichia coli strains with plasmid pXZ18Z (carrying acyl‐ACP thioesterase (TE) and (3R)‐hydroxyacyl‐ACP dehydratase) using individual sugars, sugar mixtures, and enzymatic hydrolyzed soybean meal extract. For individual sugar fermentations, strain ML211 (MG1655 fadD‐ fabR‐)/pXZ18Z showed the best performance, which produced 4.22, 3.79, 3.49 g/L free fatty acids on glucose, fructose, and galactose, respectively. While the strain ML211/pXZ18Z performed the best with individual sugars, however, for sugar mixture fermentation, the triple mutant strain XZK211 (MG1655 fadD‐ fabR‐ ptsG‐)/pXZ18Z with an additional deletion of ptsG encoding the glucose‐specific transporter, functioned the best due to relieved catabolite repression. This strain produced approximately 3.18 g/L of fatty acids with a yield of 0.22 g fatty acids/g total sugar. Maximum free fatty acids production of 2.78 g/L with a high yield of 0.21 g/g was achieved using soybean meal extract hydrolysate. The results suggested that soybean meal carbohydrates after enzymatic treatment could serve as an inexpensive feedstock for the efficient production of free fatty acids. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: ???–???. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optimization of surface‐immobilized extracellular matrices for the proliferation of neural progenitor cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Komura Takashi , Kato Koichi , Konagaya Shuhei , Nakaji‐Hirabayashi Tadashi , Iwata Hiroo 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTNeural progenitor cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells have been considered as a potential source for cell‐transplantation therapy of central nervous disorders. However, efficient methods to expand neural progenitor cells are further required for their clinical applications. In this study, a protein array was fabricated with nine extracellular matrices and used to screen substrates suitable for the expansion of neural progenitor cells derived from mouse induced pluripotent stem cells. The results showed that neural progenitor cells efficiently proliferated on substrates with immobilized laminin‐1, laminin‐5, or Matrigel. Based on this result, further attempts were made to develop clinically compliant substrates with immobilized polypeptides that mimic laminin‐1, one of the most effective extracellular matrices as identified in the array‐based screening. We used here recombinant DNA technology to prepare polypeptide containing the globular domain 3 of laminin‐1 and immobilized it onto glass‐based substrates. Our results showed that neural progenitor cells selectively proliferated on substrate with the immobilized polypeptide while maintaining their differentiated state. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 2388–2396. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.