bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An electrical detection of the fluctuating plasma of laser welding with a passive probe
Authors: Bi Chao , Yang Lijun , Xu Wenhao , Wang Langping 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
A laser-induced plasma is an important physical phenomenon that plays an important role in the laser welding process and the quality of the weld. The objective of this study is to obtain a fundamental knowledge of this physical process. A new detecting method of using a passive probe to detect the electric signals of the plasma plume is proposed and developed. This is demonstrated to be a feasible method for the measurement of electron temperature referring to the electron temperature calculated from the synchronous spectral signal. From an analysis of the wave patterns of the electric signal, the signal can reflect the eruption moment of the fluctuating plasma. The experimental results demonstrate that if the probe is placed appropriately, the designed electric probe can be used to reflect the real-time fluctuation of electron temperature of the generated plasma.
Effects of numerical and physical anisotropic diffusion on branching phenomena of negative-streamer dynamics
Authors: Eichwald O , Bensaad H , Ducasse O , Yousfi M 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
This paper is a contribution to the fluid modelling and simulation of the spontaneous branching of an initial mono-filamentary negative streamer propagating in molecular nitrogen at atmospheric pressure. The effects of both numerical diffusion and physical anisotropic diffusion on the branching structure are studied. We used MUSCL-type flux limiters where an artificial amount of numerical diffusion can be introduced through the choice of the value of a characteristic slope parameter. It was shown that a small amount of numerical diffusion can inhibit the spontaneous streamer branching. This means that the use of a high-order numerical scheme preventing the numerical diffusion and dispersion is a major parameter that must be taken into account in the interpretation of the simulated streamer development and splitting. This paper also clearly shows that the consideration of the anisotropy of electron diffusion affects the streamer head structure in comparison with the isotropic diffusion case. This especially occurs for electrons in gases presenting a large difference between the longitudinal and transversal diffusion coefficients as in N2 or in air.
Solar absorption and microstructure of C-doped and H-co-doped TiO2 thin films
Authors: Buha J 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
This work examined the effect of different levels of C doping on the microstructure and optical properties of TiO2 thin films consisting of mostly rutile and amorphous phases. The increase in the substitutional C doping from 0.32 to 8.57 at% was found to reduce the long-range order through the refinement of the crystalline phase, and increases in the concentration of the extended defects and fraction of the disordered phase, where C gets segregated due to its low solubility in the crystalline phase. As expected, the main absorption threshold red-shifted with the increase in C doping (from 3.22 to 2.48 eV) and additional thresholds existed in the visible and NIR ranges. However, at the same time only a small reduction in the separation between the extended states (by up to 0.27 eV) was achieved. The significant increase in the visible absorption originated mostly from the C-induced spread of localized states within the band gap. Higher levels of C doping introduce localized states deeper into the band gap, which may increase the carrier recombination as well. Co-doping with hydrogen nearly fills the band gap with localized states and further increases the visible and NIR absorption.
Effect of reoxidation annealing on the PTCR behaviour of multilayer Nb5+-doped BaTiO3 ceramics with a Ni internal electrode
Authors: Cheng Xuxin , Zhou Dongxiang , Fu Qiuyun , Gong Shuping , Qin Yuxiang 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The effects of reoxidation annealing on the electrical properties and the positive temperature coefficient of resistance (PTCR) effects of multilayer Ba1.005(Ti1−x
Nb
x
)O3 (BTN) ceramics sintered at different temperatures from 1100 to 1160 °C for 2 h in a reducing atmosphere and reoxidized at various temperatures in the range 500–900 °C were investigated. The results indicated that the room-temperature (RT) resistance of the BTN ceramics reoxidized at different temperatures first increased slowly and then quickly with the increase in the reoxidation temperature. Meanwhile, the resistance jump of the samples increased first and then decreased with the increase in the reoxidation temperature. In addition, the PTCR effect could be improved by prolonging the reoxidation time. Finally, the samples reoxidized at a low temperature of 600 °C after sintering at 1160 °C in a reducing atmosphere exhibited a significant PTCR effect, with a resistance jump of 3.5 orders of magnitude, along with a low RT resistance of 0.38 Ω. Additionally, the influences of the reoxidation temperature and time on the grain resistance and grain-boundary resistance were investigated using complex-impedance spectroscopy.
Updating annotations with the distributed annotation system and the automated sequence annotation pipeline
Authors: Speier William , Ochs Michael F. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractSummary: The integration between BioDAS ProServer and Automated Sequence Annotation Pipeline (ASAP) provides an interface for querying diverse annotation sources, chaining and linking results, and standardizing the output using the Distributed Annotation System (DAS) protocol. This interface allows pipeline plans in ASAP to be integrated into any system using HTTP and also allows the information returned by ASAP to be included in the DAS registry for use in any DAS-aware system. Three example implementations have been developed: the first accesses TRANSFAC information to automatically create gene sets for the Coordinated Gene Activity in Pattern Sets (CoGAPS) algorithm; the second integrates annotations from multiple array platforms and provides unified annotations in an R environment; and the third wraps the UniProt database for integration with the SPICE DAS client.Availability: Source code for ASAP 2.7 and the DAS 1.6 interface is available under the GNU public license. Proserver 2.20 is free software available from SourceForge. Scripts for installation and configuration on Linux are provided at our website: http://www.rits.onc.jhmi.edu/dbb/custom/A6/Contact: Speier@mii.ucla.edu or mfo@jhu.eduSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Interaction-based feature selection and classification for high-dimensional biological data
Authors: Wang Haitian , Lo Shaw-Hwa , Zheng Tian , Hu Inchi 
Published: September 2012

AbstractMotivation: Epistasis or gene–gene interaction has gained increasing attention in studies of complex diseases. Its presence as an ubiquitous component of genetic architecture of common human diseases has been contemplated. However, the detection of gene–gene interaction is difficult due to combinatorial explosion.Results: We present a novel feature selection method incorporating variable interaction. Three gene expression datasets are analyzed to illustrate our method, although it can also be applied to other types of high-dimensional data. The quality of variables selected is evaluated in two ways: first by classification error rates, then by functional relevance assessed using biological knowledge. We show that the classification error rates can be significantly reduced by considering interactions. Secondly, a sizable portion of genes identified by our method for breast cancer metastasis overlaps with those reported in gene-to-system breast cancer (G2SBC) database as disease associated and some of them have interesting biological implication. In summary, interaction-based methods may lead to substantial gain in biological insights as well as more accurate prediction.Contact: imichu@ust.hk; slo@stat.columnbia.eduSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at the Bioinformatics online.
Efficacy of psychoeducation on symptomatic and functional recovery in bipolar disorder
Authors: de Barros Pellegrinelli K. , de O. Costa L. F. , Silval K. I. D. , Dias V. V. , Roso M. C. , Bandeira M. , Colom F. , Moreno R. A. 
Published: September 2012

Objective:  To evaluate the efficacy of psychoeducation in the symptomatic and functional recovery, and quality of life (QoL) in a sample of patients with bipolar disorder (BD).Method:  The sample comprised 55 patients with BD I and II in remission (Young Mania Rating Scale ≤6 and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale ≤7). Out‐patients were matched assigned to receive 16 sessions of psychoeducation [experimental group (EG)] or 16 sessions of placebo without psychoeducation [control group (CG)]. Groups were evaluated at study baseline, midpoint, endpoint, and at 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐ups.Results:  No significant differences between the groups were found for the variables evaluated (mood symptoms, functioning and QoL), except for overall clinical improvement, subjectively perceived by EG subjects. Both groups showed a trend toward improved clinical global impression and QoL (environmental). No reduction in mood symptoms or improvement in psychosocial functioning was observed. Psychosocial treatment compliance was positively correlated with global functioning, social adjustment, sociability, and global clinical impression.Conclusion:  Sixteen session psychoeducation seems to be ineffective to prevent mood episodes or improve functioning in a sample of bipolar patients.
Evidence for the early clinical relevance of hallucinatory‐delusional states in the general population
Authors: Nuevo R. , Van Os J. , Arango C. , Chatterji S. , Ayuso‐Mateos J. L. 
Published: September 2012

Nuevo R, Van Os J, Arango C, Chatterji S, Ayuso‐Mateos JL. Evidence for the early clinical relevance of hallucinatory‐delusional states in the general population.Objective:  To analyze, in a general population sample, clustering of delusional and hallucinatory experiences in relation to environmental exposures and clinical parameters.Method:  General population‐based household surveys of randomly selected adults between 18 and 65 years of age were carried out. Setting: 52 countries participating in the World Health Organization’s World Health Survey were included. Participants: 225 842 subjects (55.6% women), from nationally representative samples, with an individual response rate of 98.5% within households participated.Results:  Compared with isolated delusions and hallucinations, co‐occurrence of the two phenomena was associated with poorer outcome including worse general health and functioning status (OR = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.92–0.93), greater severity of symptoms (OR = 2.5 95% CI: 2.0–3.0), higher probability of lifetime diagnosis of psychotic disorder (OR = 12.9; 95% CI: 11.5–14.4), lifetime treatment for psychotic disorder (OR = 19.7; 95% CI: 17.3–22.5), and depression during the last 12 months (OR = 11.6; 95% CI: 10.9–12.4). Co‐occurrence was also associated with adversity and hearing problems (OR = 2.0; 95% CI: 1.8–2.3).Conclusion:  The results suggest that the co‐occurrence of hallucinations and delusions in populations is not random but instead can be seen, compared with either phenomenon in isolation, as the result of more etiologic loading leading to a more severe clinical state.
Intrinsic Innervation of the Persian Squirrel (Sciurus anomalus) Ileum
Authors: Sadeghinezhad J. , Tootian Z. , Latorre R. , Sorteni C. , Chiocchetti R. 
Published: September 2012

SummaryMost investigations related to the characterisation of the enteric nervous system (ENS) are pivoted on the intestine of small rodents, but few studies are available on the ENS of wild or ‘unconventional’ rodents. Anti‐PGP 9.5 and anti‐Hu antibodies were utilised to recognise the distribution pattern of neuronal cell bodies and fibres of the ileum of the Persian squirrel (Sciurus anomalus) ENS. The percentages of subclasses of enteric neurones in the total neuronal population were investigated by neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), and calbindin (CALB). Myenteric plexus (MP) and submucosal plexus (SMP) neurones showing nNOS immunoreactivity (IR) were 41 ± 4% and 11 ± 6%, respectively, whereas cells expressing ChAT‐IR were 56 ± 9% and 74 ± 16%, respectively. nNOS‐IR was co‐expressed by 21 ± 2% and 9 ± 4% of the MP and SMP cholinergic neurones, respectively, whereas the nNOS‐IR MP and SMP neurones co‐expressing ChAT‐IR were 86 ± 6% and 89 ± 2%, respectively. CGRP‐IR and SP‐IR were expressed, respectively, by 13 ± 5% and 6 ± 3% of MP and 18 ± 2% and 2 ± 2% of SMP neurones. CALB‐IR was expressed by 22 ± 8% and 56 ± 14% of MP and SMP neurones, respectively. MP and SMP cholinergic neurones co‐expressed nNOS‐IR (21 ± 2% and 9 ± 4%, respectively) and a very high percentage of nNOS‐IR neurones showed ChAT‐IR (86 ± 6% and 89 ± 2%, respectively). MP and SMP CALB‐IR neurones co‐expressed ChAT‐IR (100% and 63 ± 11%, respectively) and CGRP‐IR (89 ± 5% and 26 ± 7%, respectively). Our data might contribute to the neuroanatomical knowledge of the gastrointestinal tract in exotic mammals and provide a comparison with the available data on other mammals.
Declining woodland birds in North America: should we blame Bambi?
Authors: Chollet Simon , Martin Jean‐Louis 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAimWe evaluate the possible link between increasing deer populations and declines in woodland birds.LocationNorth American continent.MethodsWe used a group of 73 forest bird species that had been tested for their sensitivity to the impact of overabundant deer on forest understory. We used Breeding Bird Survey data to assess population trends for these 73 songbird species between 1966 and 2009, a period of marked continent‐wide increases in white‐tailed (Odocoileus virginianus) and mule or black‐tailed (Odocoileus hemionus) deer.ResultsWe show a continent‐wide link between increase in deer populations and declines in forest–songbird species‐dependent on understory for nesting and/or foraging.Main conclusionsIncreasing deer populations may actually play an important and underestimated role in the decline of North American songbirds.
Effectiveness of screening for diabetes mellitus in dental health care
Authors: Engström S. , Berne C. , Gahnberg L. , Svärdsudd K. 
Published: September 2012

Diabet. Med. 30, 239–245 (2013)AbstractAims  The aim of the present study was to test the effectiveness of opportunistic blood glucose screening in a cooperational framework between dental and primary health care.Methods  Altogether, 1568 subjects, age 20–75 years, with no previous history of diabetes, who came for a regular dental examination, had their non‐fasting blood glucose measured with a portable blood glucose meter. Subjects with a concentration of ≥ 6.7 mmol/l (121 mg dl−1) were referred to their primary healthcare centre for follow‐up. The outcome, a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, was obtained from primary healthcare centre and hospital patient records, during 3 years after screening.Results  Of the 155 (9.9%) subjects who screened positive, 139 (89.7%) came to their primary healthcare centre within the 3‐year follow‐up period and nine (5.8%) were diagnosed as having diabetes mellitus according to the World Health Organization criteria. Of the 1413 subjects who screened negative, 1137 (80.5%) came to the primary healthcare centre and eight (0.6%) were found to have diabetes mellitus. Screening sensitivity was 52.9%, specificity 90.6% and positive predictive value 5.8%. The number of subjects needed to screen to find one case of diabetes was 196. Delineating the study population to those 40‐ to 75‐year‐olds with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, and 30‐to 75‐year‐olds with a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, the numbers needed to screen was reduced to 96.Conclusions  Cooperation between dental and primary care for high blood glucose screening and follow‐up appears to be a feasible method for early diagnosis of diabetes.
Climate change, phenology, and habitat degradation: drivers of gosling body condition and juvenile survival in lesser snow geese
Authors: Aubry Lise M. , Rockwell Robert F. , Cooch Evan G. , Brook Rodney W. , Mulder Christa P. H. , Koons David N. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractNesting migratory geese are among the dominant herbivores in (sub) arctic environments, which have undergone unprecedented increases in temperatures and plant growing days over the last three decades. Within these regions, theHudsonBayLowlands are home to an overabundant breeding population of lesser snow geese that has dramatically damaged the ecosystem, with cascading effects at multiple trophic levels. In some areas the overabundance of geese has led to a drastic reduction in available forage. In addition, warming of this region has widened the gap between goose migration timing and plant green‐up, and this ‘mismatch’ between goose and plant phenologies could in turn affect gosling development. The dual effects of climate change and habitat quality on gosling body condition and juvenile survival are not known, but are critical for predicting population growth and related degradation of (sub) arctic ecosystems. To address these issues, we used information on female goslings marked and measured between 1978 and 2005 (4125 individuals). Goslings that developed within and near the traditional center of the breeding colony experienced the effects of long‐term habitat degradation: body condition and juvenile survival declined over time. In newly colonized areas, however, we observed the opposite pattern (increase in body condition and juvenile survival). In addition, warmer than average winters and summers resulted in lower gosling body condition and first‐year survival. Too few plant ‘growing days’ in the spring relative to hatch led to similar results. Our assessment indicates that geese are recovering from habitat degradation by moving to newly colonized locales. However, a warmer climate could negatively affect snow goose populations in the long‐run, but it will depend on which seasons warm the fastest. These antagonistic mechanisms will require further study to help predict snow goose population dynamics and manage the trophic cascade they induce.
Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas with prominent atypical multinucleated giant tumour cells
Authors: Li Lei , Othman Mohammad , Rashid Asif , Wang Hua , Li Zhaoshen , Katz Matthew H , Lee Jeffrey E , Pisters Peter W , Abbruzzese James L , Fleming Jason B , Wang Huamin 
Published: September 2012

AimsSolid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas (SPN) is a rare low‐grade malignant neoplasm. To our knowledge, SPN with prominent atypical multinucleated giant tumour cells (MNGTCs) has not yet been reported.Methods and resultsWe identified four cases of SPN with prominent atypical MNGTCs in a cohort of 62 cases of SPN (6.5%). The MNGTCs contained multiple enlarged, hyperchromatic, irregular nuclei with ample eosinophilic cytoplasm, typically present in the solid area of the tumour. The MNGTCs had an immunohistochemical profile typical of the conventional SPN and were positive for vimentin, β‐catenin, CD10 and progesterone receptor, but negative for pan‐cytokeratin, chromogranin, synaptophysin, trypsin, Ki‐67 and CD68 in all four cases. Patients of SPN with prominent MNGTCs were older than those with conventional SPN (P = 0.01); tumours were discovered incidentally by imaging studies for an unrelated disease in all four cases, and with a female to male ratio of 1:1. The proliferation index (Ki‐67) was <1% in all four cases. None of the three patients for whom information was available developed recurrence during follow‐up of 2.7, 3.8 and 5.0 years.ConclusionsThe presence of MNGTCs in SPN most probably represents degenerative change of the tumour cells and does not seem to affect the prognosis.
Analytical evaluation of the Capillarys 2 Flex piercing for routine haemoglobinopathies diagnosis
Authors: Agouti I. , Merono F. , Bonello‐Palot N. , Badens C. 
Published: September 2012

SummaryTo evaluate the analytical performance of a new capillary electrophoresis instrument, the Capillarys 2 Flex piercing (Sebia, France), allowing the separation and quantitative estimation of the different haemoglobin fractions from whole blood, in capped primary tube.The analytical precision for the determination of HbA2 and HbF percentages was satisfactory and within the range of previously published results for HPLC methods. The correlation between Capillarys 2 Flex Piercing and Bio‐Rad Variant II HPLC system showed a linear correlation for HbA2, HbF and HbS measurements, and the analysis interpretation was the same whatever the method used. Conversely to HPLC method, the capillary's electrophoresis technology allowed HbE and Hb Lepore fraction separation from HbA2. We showed that the Capillarys 2 Flex Piercing is suitable for haemoglobinopathies diagnosis and screening and offers an excellent alternative to HPLC techniques as a first‐line method or for confirmatory analysis.
In and out of Africa: how did the Strait of Gibraltar affect plant species migration and local diversification?
Authors: Lavergne Sébastien , Hampe Arndt , Arroyo Juan 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAimThe biotic mechanisms by which land bridges influence the formation of regional floras remain poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that some land bridges have biased the migration of species between landmasses according to their biological traits, and that this relative spatial isolation has caused some lineages to diversify more than others.LocationThe Strait of Gibraltar Floristic Region, a major biodiversity hotspot of the Mediterranean Basin.MethodsWe compiled the angiosperm flora of the study region to examine patterns of narrow endemism and species disjunctions between southern Iberia and northern Morocco. We focused on species that occur in the western portion of the Mediterranean Basin (n = 566) but not further east in this region, in order to test for the specific effect of the Strait of Gibraltar. Using phylogenetic supertrees, we tested whether species' life‐history traits were related to their probability of occurring on both sides of the strait. We looked at patterns of narrow endemism in different families and computed birth–death model estimates of local diversification within the region.ResultsSpecies with a short life cycle and propagules dispersed by wind or externally on animals were disproportionately likely to occur on both sides of the strait. Different plant lineages exhibited disparate distribution and endemism patterns across the strait. Some families have experienced disproportionately high rates of local diversification, and these families were systematically characterized by a low migration rate across the strait. We detected no difference of overall rates of local diversification between the southern Iberian and northern Moroccan parts of the study region.Main conclusionsOur results indicate that the Strait of Gibraltar has biased species migration between northern Morocco and southern Iberia and that reduced migration through the strait may have triggered local speciation in certain plant families. This pinpoints the fundamental interplay between species migration and evolutionary diversification in the construction of hotspots of biodiversity and narrow endemism.