bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disulfide bond formation activity of soybean quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase
Authors: Okuda Aya , Matsusaki Motonori , Higashino Yuki , Masuda Taro , Urade Reiko 
Published: September 2014

Multiple enzymatic systems can catalyse protein disulfide bond formation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of eukaryotic cells. The enzyme quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase (QSOX) catalyses disulfide bond formation in unfolded proteins via the reduction of oxygen. We found two QSOX homologues in the soybean genome database, Glycine max QSOX (GmQSOX)1 and GmQSOX2, which encode proteins composed of an N‐terminal signal peptide, a thioredoxin‐like domain, an FAD‐binding domain, Erv/ALR, and a transmembrane region near the C terminus. We subsequently cloned two GmQSOX1 cDNAs, GmQSOX1a and GmQSOX1b, which may be generated by alternative splicing. The GmQSOX1a, GmQSOX1b and GmQSOX2 mRNA levels increased during seed storage protein synthesis in the cotyledon, and were also upregulated under conditions causing ER stress. Recombinant GmQSOX1 expressed in Escherichia coli formed disulfide bonds on reduced and denatured RNase A, but did not show any refolding activity. The reduced and denatured RNase A was effectively refolded by recombinant GmQSOX1 in the presence of the soybean protein disulfide isomerase family protein GmPDIL‐2 in the absence of glutathione redox buffer, suggesting that GmQSOX1 plays a role in protein folding in the ER.DatabasesThe nucleotide sequence data for the GmQSOX1a, GmQSOX1b, GmQSOX2a, GmQSOX2b and glycinin AaB1b cDNAs are available in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases under the accession numbers AB196647, AB195548, XM-006589586, XM-003536592, and AB113349, respectively.
Climate change modifies the size structure of assemblages of emerging aquatic insects
Authors: Jonsson Micael , Hedström Per , Stenroth Karolina , Hotchkiss Erin R. , Vasconcelos Francisco Rivera , Karlsson Jan , Byström Pär 
Published: September 2014

Summary

Climate change is expected to not only raise water temperatures, but also to cause brownification of aquatic ecosystems via increased inputs of terrestrial dissolved organic matter. While efforts have been made to understand how increased temperature and brownification separately influence aquatic food webs, their interactive effects have been less investigated. Further, although climate change effects on aquatic ecosystems likely will propagate to terrestrial consumers via changes in aquatic insect emergence, this has rarely been studied.

We investigated the effect of climate change on aquatic insect emergence, in a large‐scale outdoor pond facility where 16 sections – each containing natural food webs including a fish top‐consumer population – were subjected to warming (3 °C above ambient temperatures) and/or brownification (by adding naturally humic stream water). Aquatic insect emergence was measured biweekly over 18 weeks.

We found no effect of warming or brownification on total emergent insect dry mass. However, warming significantly reduced the number of emergent Chironomidae, while numbers of larger taxa, Trichoptera and Ephemeroptera, remained unchanged. On average, 57% and 58% fewer Chironomidae emerged from the warmed clear and humic pond sections, respectively. This substantial decrease in emergent Chironomidae resulted in a changed community structure and on average larger individuals emerging from warm sections as well as from humic sections under ambient conditions. There was also a weak influence of fish biomass on the size structure of emergent aquatic insects, with a positive relationship between individual insect size and total fish biomass, but effects of fish were clearly subordinate to those of warming.

Climate change impacts on aquatic systems can have widespread consequences also for terrestrial systems, as aquatic insects are ubiquitous and their emergence represents an important resource flow from aquatic to terrestrial environments. While we found that neither warming nor brownification quantitatively changed total aquatic insect emergence biomass, the warming‐induced decrease in number of emergent Chironomidae and the subsequent increase in average body size will likely impact terrestrial consumers relying on emergent aquatic insect as prey.
Community Engagement in a complex intervention to improve access to primary mental health care for hard‐to‐reach groups
Authors: Lamb Jonathan , Dowrick Christopher , Burroughs Heather , Beatty Susan , Edwards Suzanne , Bristow Kate , Clarke Pam , Hammond Jonathan , Waheed Waquas , Gabbay Mark , Gask Linda 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundDespite the availability of effective evidence‐based treatments for depression and anxiety, many ‘harder‐to‐reach’ social and patient groups experience difficulties accessing treatment. We developed a complex intervention, the AMP (Improving Access to Mental Health in Primary Care) programme, which combined community engagement (CE), tailored (individual and group) psychosocial interventions and primary care involvement.ObjectivesTo develop and evaluate a model for community engagement component of the complex intervention. This paper focuses on the development of relationships between stakeholders, their engagement with the issue of access to mental health and with the programme through the CE model.DesignOur evaluation draws on process data, qualitative interviews and focus groups, brought together through framework analysis to evaluate the issues and challenges encountered.Setting & participantsA case study of the South Asian community project carried out in Longsight in Greater Manchester, United Kingdom.Key findingsComplex problems require multiple local stakeholders to work in concert. Assets based approaches implicitly make demands on scarce time and resources. Community development approaches have many benefits, but perceptions of open‐ended investment are a barrier. The time‐limited nature of a CE intervention provides an impetus to ‘do it now’, allowing stakeholders to negotiate their investment over time and accommodating their wider commitments. Both tangible outcomes and recognition of process benefits were vital in maintaining involvement.ConclusionsCE interventions can play a key role in improving accessibility and acceptability by engaging patients, the public and practitioners in research and in the local service ecology.
A qualitative study of rural women's views for the treatment of early breast cancer
Authors: Ristevski Eli , Regan Melanie , Birks David , Steers Nicole , Byrne Anny 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAimIdentify what factors rural women perceived to influence their surgical choice for EBC.BackgroundHigher rates of mastectomy still remain for women with early breast cancer (EBC) in rural areas. While access to radiotherapy is a commonly identified barrier, there is growing debate around other factors which are also important influences on surgical choice.MethodsQualitative study with 70 interviews with women diagnosed with EBC in rural Gippsland, Australia. Twenty‐nine women had a mastectomy and 41 had breast conserving surgery (BCS).ResultsPatient led psychosocial and surgeon led factors influenced surgical choice. Psychosocial factors were a greater influence for the mastectomy group. These included a high fear of cancer recurrence and radiotherapy, negative views of the body and breast, a family history of cancer, wanting to avoid the negative treatment experiences they had seen significant others go through, and not wanting to travel for treatment. Surgeon led factors were a greater influence for the BCS group, in particular, the direct recommendation made by the surgeon for BCS. For both groups, urgency to act was a shared psychosocial factor. Trust and confidence in the expertise and reputation of the surgeon and their consultation style were surgeon led factors shared by the groups.ConclusionsTo ensure women achieve the best treatment outcome, patients and clinicians need to work together to identify how important and influential the various factors are for the women and, if necessary, to seek support to ensure informed decisions are made.
Effect of smoking cessation on non‐surgical periodontal therapy: results after 24 months
Authors: Rosa Ecinele Francisca , Corraini Priscila , Inoue Gislene , Gomes Elaine Fueta , Guglielmetti Mariana Rocha , Sanda Sheila Regina , Lotufo João Paulo Becker , Romito Giuseppe Alexandre , Pannuti Cláudio Mendes 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAimThe aim of this 24‐month prospective study was to assess the effect of smoking cessation on non‐surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) in adult subjects with chronic periodontitis.Materials and MethodsRelative to a previous 12‐month follow‐up study, recruitment and follow‐up period were extended, resulting in 116 eligible among the 286 screened subjects. They received NSPT and concurrent smoking cessation interventions. Periodontal maintenance was performed every 3 months. A calibrated examiner, blinded to smoking status, performed full‐mouth periodontal examination in six sites per tooth at baseline, 3, 12 and 24 months of follow‐up. Expired air carbon monoxide concentration measurements and interviews were performed to gather demographic and behavioural information.ResultsFrom the 116 enrolled subjects, 61 remained up to 24 months of follow‐up. Of these, 18 quit smoking (Q), 32 continued smoking (NQ) and 11 oscillated (O) at 24 months of follow‐up. Thereby, Q showed significantly higher mean CAL gain in diseased sites and higher reduction in the proportion of sites with CAL ≥ 3 mm, when compared to NQ. In addition, Q presented significantly higher mean probing depth reduction relative to NQ(p ≤ 0.05).ConclusionSmoking cessation promoted additional benefits on NSPT in chronic periodontitis subjects.
Aspirin‐exacerbated cutaneous disease (AECD) is a distinct subphenotype of chronic spontaneous urticaria
Authors: Sánchez‐Borges M. , Caballero‐Fonseca F. , Capriles‐Hulett A. , González‐Aveledo L. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundA subset of patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) experience disease exacerbations after receiving non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). This condition has been designated as Aspirin‐Exacerbated Cutaneous Disease (AECD).ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was twofold: (i) Investigate the demographic and clinical features of patients affected by AECD; (ii) To compare patients with AECD and NSAID‐tolerant CSU patients for those characteristics.MethodsPatients with AECD and a group of unselected CSU patients tolerant to NSAIDs were studied. Demographic and clinical data were obtained by direct questioning and physical examination. Laboratory investigations and allergen skin prick tests were performed only in selected patients, as guided by the medical history.ResultsOf 423 CSU patients admitted in the clinics, 52 (12.2%) had AECD. Compared with NSAID‐tolerant CSU patients, AECD patients had significantly longer disease duration (57.7 ± 118.4 vs. 24.4 ± 36.6 months, P < 0.05), higher prevalence of angio‐oedema (72.7 vs. 30.9%, P < 0.05) and atopy (83.8% vs. 58.4%, P < 0.05) and more frequent involvement of the face and upper respiratory tract (54.5% vs. 29.6%, P < 0.05).ConclusionsAECD is a distinct phenotype that should be considered for inclusion as a separate subtype of chronic spontaneous urticaria.
Effects of food restriction across stages of juvenile and early adult development on body weight, survival and adult life history
Authors: Wong J. W. Y. , Kölliker M. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractOrganisms have to allocate limited resources among multiple life‐history traits, which can result in physiological trade‐offs, and variation in environmental conditions experienced during ontogeny can influence reproduction later in life. Food restriction may lead to an adaptive reallocation of the limited resources among traits as a phenotypically plastic adjustment, or it can act as an overall constraint with detrimental effects throughout reproductive life. In this study, we investigated experimentally the effects of food restriction during different stages of the juvenile and early adult development on body weight, survival and reproductive success in females and males of the European earwig Forficula auricularia. Individuals either received limited or unlimited access to food across three different stages of development (fully crossed) allowing us to identify sensitive periods during development and to test both additive and interactive effects of food limitation across stages on development and reproduction. Food restriction during the early and late juvenile stage had additive negative effects on juvenile survival and adult body weight. With regard to reproductive success of females which produce up to two clutches in their lifetime, restriction specifically in the late juvenile stage led to smaller first and second clutch size, lower probability of second clutch production and reduced hatching success in the second clutch. Reproductive success of females was not significantly affected when their male mates experienced food restriction during their development. Our findings in general support the ‘silver‐spoon’ hypothesis in that food restriction during juvenile development poses constraints on development and reproduction throughout life.
Five‐year follow‐up of immune response after one or two doses of inactivated hepatitis A vaccine given at 1 year of age in the Mendoza Province of Argentina
Authors: Espul C. , Benedetti L. , Linares M. , Cuello H. , Rasuli A. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryOur study was conducted to further investigate the single‐dose approach of hepatitis A vaccination, while providing supportive data on the flexibility of booster administration. Participants received at least one dose of Avaxim 80U Pediatric at 11–23 months of age, and they will be followed for 10 years. We report here the fourth and fifth years after the first vaccination. Group assignment was based on whether the children received 1 dose and no booster during the study (Group 1) or 2 doses and no further booster (Group 2). Anti‐HAV antibody concentrations were assessed at each annual visit. Of the 546 initial participants, 441 (80.8%) and 412 (75.5%) were followed up 4 and 5 years after vaccination, respectively. Of the 411 subjects evaluable at Year 5, 318 had received one vaccine dose and 85 had received two. Seroprotection rates were still high in Group 1 (99.7%) and in Group 2 (100%) 5 years after one or two doses of Avaxim 80U Pediatric, correspondingly. Anti‐HAV geometric mean concentrations decreased in both groups compared to what they were 3 years after vaccination, while remaining well above the 10 mIU/mL threshold 5 years after vaccination. The highest concentrations were found in the children who received 2 vaccine doses. Hepatitis A humoral immunity induced by a single dose of inactivated hepatitis A vaccine can persist for at least 5 years in a paediatric population. The study results also support recommendations in favour of a flexible time window for booster vaccination.
Myocardial energetics and ubiquinol in diastolic heart failure
Authors: Bates Angelina , Shen Qiuhua , Hiebert John B. , Thimmesch Amanda , Pierce Janet D. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractDiastolic heart failure, or heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. There are no current therapies effective in improving outcomes for these patients. The aim of this article is to review the literature and examine the role of coenzyme Q10 in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction related to mitochondrial synthesis of adenosine triphosphate and reactive oxygen species production. The study results reflect that myocardial energetics alters in diastolic heart failure and that there is defective energy metabolism and increased oxidative stress. Studies are emerging to evaluate coenzyme Q10, particularly ubiquinol, as a supplemental treatment for heart‐failure patients. In diastolic heart‐failure patients, clinicians are beginning to use supplemental therapies to improve patient outcomes, and one promising complementary treatment to improve left ventricular diastolic function is ubiquinol. Additional studies are needed using large‐scale randomized models to confirm if ubiquinol would be beneficial. Since ubiquinol is an antioxidant and is required for adenosine triphosphate production, clinicians and health scientists should be aware of the potential role of this supplement in the treatment of diastolic heart failure.
Unraveling the effect of arsenic on the model Medicago–Ensifer interaction: a transcriptomic meta‐analysis
Authors: Lafuente Alejandro , Pérez‐Palacios Patricia , Doukkali Bouchra , Molina‐Sánchez María D. , Jiménez‐Zurdo José I. , Caviedes Miguel A. , Rodríguez‐Llorente Ignacio D. , Pajuelo Eloísa 
Published: September 2014

Summary

The genetic regulation underlying the effect of arsenic (As(III)) on the model symbiosis Medicago–Ensifer was investigated using a combination of physiological (split‐roots), microscopy and genetic (microarrays, qRT‐PCR and composite plants) tools.

Nodulation was very sensitive to As(III) (median inhibitory dose (ID50) = 20 μM). The effect on root elongation and on nodulation was local (nonsystemic). A battery of stress (salt, drought, heat shock, metals, etc.)‐related genes were induced. Glutathione played a pivotal role in tolerance/detoxification, together with secondary metabolites ((iso)flavonoids and phenylpropanoids). However, antioxidant enzymes were not activated.

Concerning the symbiotic interaction, molecular evidence suggesting that rhizobia alleviate As stress is for the first time provided. Chalcone synthase (which is involved in the first step of the legume–rhizobia cross‐talk) was strongly enhanced, suggesting that the plants are biased to establish symbiotic interactions under As(III) stress. In contrast, 13 subsequent nodulation genes (involved in nodulation factors (Nod factors) perception, infection, thread initiation and progression, and nodule morphogenesis) were repressed.

Overexpression of the ethylene responsive factor ERN in composite plants reduced root stress and partially restored nodulation, whereas overexpression of the early nodulin ENOD12 enhanced nodulation both in the presence and, particularly, in the absence of As, without affecting root elongation. Several transcription factors were identified, which could be additional targets for genetic engineering aiming to improve nodulation and/or alleviate root stress induced by this toxic.
Validation of predictive equations for resting energy expenditure in Japanese pediatric Crohn's disease patients: Preliminary study
Authors: Arai Katsuhiro , Funayama Rie , Takahashi Mieko , Sakai Rie , Shimizu Hirotaka , Obayashi Naho , Matsui Akira 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundPredictive equations are often used to estimate resting energy expenditure (REE). Determining the appropriate equation for different patient types, however, remains inconclusive, as in the case of Japanese children with Crohn's disease (CD). The aim of this study was to identify an appropriate predictive equation for measuring REE in Japanese children with CD.MethodsTwelve Japanese children with CD managed at the National Center for Child Health and Development in Tokyo, Japan, were studied. REE (kcal/day) was measured using indirect calorimetry. The predictive equations used were the Japanese Dietary Reference Intakes (2010), the Schofield equation, the Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization/United Nations University (FAO/WHO/UNU) equation and the Cunningham equation. Difference between predicted and measured REE was analyzed on Bland–Altman plot.ResultsJapanese Dietary Reference Intakes (2010) had the smallest difference between predicted and measured REE. Weight was the primary predictor of REE on multiple regression analysis. As well, Japanese Dietary Reference Intakes (2010) had the highest ratio of weight to predicted REE (98.5%).ConclusionsOf the four equations, Japanese Dietary Reference Intakes (2010) appeared to be the most practical and accurate predictive equation for REE in Japanese children with CD.
Comparison of objective criteria and expert visual interpretation to classify benign and malignant hilar and mediastinal nodes on 18‐F FDG PET/CT
Authors: Nguyen Phan , Bhatt Manoj , Bashirzadeh Farzad , Hundloe Justin , Ware Robert , Fielding David , Ravi Kumar Aravind S. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackground and objectiveThere is widespread adoption of FDG‐PET/CT in staging of lung cancer, but no universally accepted criteria for classifying thoracic nodes as malignant. Previous studies show high negative predictive values, but reporting criteria and positive predictive values varies. Using Endobronchial ultrasound transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS‐TBNA) results as gold standard, we evaluated objective FDG‐PET/CT criteria for interpreting mediastinal and hilar nodes and compared this to expert visual interpretation (EVI).MethodsA retrospective review of all patients with lung cancer who had both FDG‐PET/CT and EBUS‐TBNA from 2008 to 2010 was performed. Scan interpretation was blinded to histology. Patients from 2008/2009 were used for the prediction set. The validation set analysed patients from 2010. Objective FDG‐PET/CT criteria were SUVmax lymph node (SUVmaxLN), ratio SUVmaxLN/SUVmax primary lung malignancy, ratio SUVmaxLN/SUVaverage liver, ratio SUVmaxLN/SUVmax liver and ratio SUVmaxLN/SUVmax blood pool. A nuclear medicine physician reviewed all scans and classified nodal stations as benign or malignant.ResultsEighty‐seven malignant lymph nodes and 41 benign nodes were in the prediction set. All objective FDG‐PET/CT criteria analysed were significantly higher in the malignant group (P < 0.0001). EVI correctly classified 122/128 nodes (95.3%). Thirty‐four malignant nodes and 19 benign nodes were in the validation set. The new proposed cut‐off values of the objective criteria from the prediction set correctly classified 44/53 (83.0%) nodes: 28/34 (82.4%) malignant nodes and 16/19 (84.2%) benign nodes. EVI had 91% accuracy: 33/34 (97.1%) malignant nodes and 15/19 (79.0%) benign nodes.ConclusionsObjective analysis of 18‐F FDG PET/CT can differentiate between malignant and benign nodes but is not superior to EVI.