bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of a population‐based method to assess drug‐induced alterations in the QT interval: a self‐controlled crossover study
Authors: Iribarren Carlos , Round Alfred D. , Peng Jonathan A. , Lu Meng , Zaroff Jonathan G. , Holve Taylor J. , Prasad Amit , Stang Paul 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTPurposeThe purpose of this study was to ascertain, in the context of an integrated health care delivery system, the association between a comprehensive list of drugs known to have potential QT liability and QT prolongation or shortening.MethodsBy using a self‐controlled crossover study with 59 467 subjects, we ascertained intra‐individual change in log‐linear regression‐corrected QT (QTcreg) during the period between 1995 and mid‐2008 for 90 drugs while adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, comorbid conditions, number of electrocardiograms (ECGs), and time between pre‐ECG and post‐ECG. The proportion of users of each drug‐developing incident long QT was also estimated.ResultsTwo drugs (nicardipine and levalbuterol) had no statistically significant intra‐individual QTcreg shortening effects, 10 drugs had no statistically significant prolonging effect, and 78 (87%) of the drugs had statistically significant intra‐individual mean QTcreg lengthening effects, ranging from 7.6 ms for aripiprazole to 25.2 ms for amiodarone. Three drugs were associated with mean QTcreg prolongation of 20 ms or greater: amiodarone (antiarrhythmic), terfenadine (antihistaminic), and quinidine (antiarrhythmic); whereas 11 drugs were associated with mean QTcreg prolongation of 15 ms or greater but less than 20 ms: trimipramine (tricyclic antidepressant), clomipramine (tricyclic antidepressant), disopyramide (antiarrhythmic), chlorpromazine (antipsychotic), sotalol (beta blocker), itraconazole (antifungal), phenylpropanolamine (decongestant/anorectic), fenfluramine (appetite suppressant), midodrine (antihypotensive), digoxin (cardiac glycoside/antiarrhythmic), and procainamide (antiarrhythmic).ConclusionsQT prolonging effects were common and varied in strength. Our results lend support to past Food and Drug Administration regulatory actions and support the role for ongoing surveillance of drug‐induced QT prolongation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Late diagnosis of double aortic arch: Consequences on long‐term follow‐up
Authors: Ullmann Nicola , Menchini Laura , Salerno Teresa , Tomà Paolo , Cutrera Renato 
Published: July 2013

SummaryDouble aortic arch is the most common congenital anomaly of the aortic arch system, in which the trachea and esophagus are completely encircled by vascular segments of the aortic arch and its branches, often resulting in variable airway compression. One case of late diagnosis of this congenital malformation and long‐term consequences of late surgical treatment with persistent tracheo‐broncomalacia and dynamic airway obstruction is reported. This report emphasizes the importance of an early diagnosis to minimise the progressive airways damage and subsequent respiratory symptoms, that need an accurate medical follow‐up. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2014; 49:E75–E77. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Design, synthesis and bioactivity evaluation of novel benzophenone hydrazone derivatives
Authors: Li Wen‐Qun , Zhang Zhi‐Jun , Nan Xiang , Liu Ying‐Qian , Hu Guan‐Fang , Yu Hai‐Tao , Zhao Xiao‐Bo , Wu Dan , Yan Li‐Ting 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDBenzophenone hydrazone derivatives are among the most important classes of synthetic insecticides. In an effort to discover new molecules with good insecticidal/acaricidal activities, a series of novel benzophenone hydrazone N‐acylated thiourea and urea derivatives was synthesized and bioassayed.RESULTSAll of these compounds exhibited excellent bioactivities against T. cinnabarinus and B. brassicae, especially towards T. cinnabarinus with LC50 values ranging from 0.305 to 2.036 mmol L‐1. Moreover, the acaricidal activities against T. cinnabarinus of compounds 8a–i, 12b–f and 12h were 2.5–5.5‐fold that of parent molecule 3 based on the LC50 value.CONCLUSIONBased on the observed bioactivities, the structure–activity relationship of these analogs was also discussed. Structure–activity relationships provided information that could direct further investigation on structure modification. Our studies indicated that benzophenone hydrazone N‐acylated thiourea and urea derivatives could be used as potential lead compounds for developing novel acaricides and insecticides. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Acaricidal activities of β‐caryophyllene oxide and structural analogues derived from Psidium cattleianum oil against house dust mites
Authors: Oh Min‐Seok , Yang Ji‐Yeon , Kim Min‐Gi , Lee Hoi‐Seon 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study was to evaluate the acaricidal activities of an active compound isolated from Psidium cattleianum and structural analogues against Dermatophagoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus. β‐Caryophyllene oxide was isolated using chromatographic techniques.RESULTSBased on the 50% lethal concentration (LD50) values against D. farinae using the fumigant method, β‐caryophyllene oxide (1.36 µg cm−2) was ∼ 7.52 times more toxic than benzyl benzoate (10.23 µg cm−2), followed by α‐caryophyllene (1.75 µg cm−2) and β‐caryophyllene (3.13 µg cm−2). Against D. pteronyssinus, β‐caryophyllene oxide (1.38 µg cm−2) was ∼ 7.22 times more toxic than benzyl benzoate (9.96 µg cm−2), followed by α‐caryophyllene (1.71 µg cm−2) and β‐caryophyllene (3.58 µg cm−2). In the contact toxicity method against D. farinae, β‐caryophyllene oxide (0.44 µg cm−2) was ∼ 17.27 times more active than benzyl benzoate (7.60 µg cm−2), followed by α‐caryophyllene (0.67 µg cm−2) and β‐caryophyllene (0.91 µg cm−2). Against D. pteronyssinus, β‐caryophyllene oxide (0.47 µg cm−2) was ∼ 13.06 times more effective than benzyl benzoate (6.14 µg cm−2), followed by α‐caryophyllene (1.71 µg cm−2) and β‐caryophyllene (3.58 µg cm−2).CONCLUSIONβ‐Caryophyllene oxide and structural analogues have potential for development as preventive agents for the control of house dust mites. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Measurement of multiply substituted isotopologues ('clumped isotopes') of CO2 using a 5 kV compact isotope ratio mass spectrometer: Performance, reference frame, and carbonate paleothermometry
Authors: Rosenheim Brad E. , Tang Jianwu , Fernandez Alvaro 
Published: July 2013

RATIONALEThe burgeoning field of 'clumped isotope' paleothermometry, which has broad applications in geosciences, depends almost entirely on measurements made on two types of mass spectrometer with the same ion source design. Demonstration that these measurements can be carried out on a retrofitted mass spectrometer with a different type of ion source is important to the growing community of geoscientists considering employing this technique.METHODSWe summarize the sample preparation techniques, mass spectrometry, and data processing involved in establishing an absolute reference frame for the measurement of Δ47 in CO2 from carbonate minerals using a prototype 5 kV mass spectrometer. The prototype differs from previously marketed mass spectrometers only in the presence of six extra Faraday cups designed specifically to measure ion beams of masses 44–49. We employ pressure baseline corrections on the small mass 47 signal.RESULTSThe system was fully capable of establishing absolute reference frames for clumped isotope carbonate paleothermometry, despite alternative use of the system for other types of measurements (carbonate δ18O and δ13C values, water δ18O and δ2H values via equilibration, and δ13C and δ15N values of sedimentary organic material) in different reference frames. Repeated measurements of CO2 from carbonate standards yielded external precisions comparable with those from other laboratories and adequate for paleothermometry to a precision of near or below ±5 °C. The accuracy was demonstrated by reasonable temperatures being obtained for different types of repeatedly measured carbonates. Measurements of the pressure baseline with every sample increased analysis times by 20 min, but decreased the stabilization time of the reference frame by days to weeks, while improving precision.CONCLUSIONSSimple modifications to existing instrumentation will allow more laboratories to perform clumped isotope measurements. The prototype mass spectrometer used herein provides precision comparable with all published data. We show that, where negatively charged species are associated with large ion beams, making pressure baseline corrections with every measurement is increasingly important no matter what instrument is used. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Formation of odd‐electron product ions in collision‐induced fragmentation of electrospray‐generated protonated cathinone derivatives: aryl α‐primary amino ketones
Authors: Fornal Emilia 
Published: July 2013

RATIONALEModification of the even‐electron rule for fragmentation reactions of protonated molecules (even electron ions) may be necessary to interpret the liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) spectra of aryl α‐primary amino ketones as new designer drugs.METHODSCollision‐induced fragmentation of 38 protonated cathinone derivatives generated by electrospray ionisation (ESI) was examined by hybrid quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (Q‐TOF MS).RESULTSQ‐TOF MS revealed that odd‐electron product ions are often formed by collision‐induced dissociation (CID) of protonated aryl α‐primary amino ketones, contradicting the even‐electron rule. Radical cations were among the most characteristic and most abundant ions in the CID‐MS/MS product spectra, and were usually represented by basic peaks in the spectra.CONCLUSIONSTo help elucidate the correct structures of new aryl α‐primary amino ketone drugs by LC/MS/MS, it is essential to include odd‐electron product ions in the data interpretation rules. Even and odd numbers of valence electrons in the product ions should be allowed in data interpretation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Addressing the need for biomarker liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry assays: A protocol for effective method development for the bioanalysis of endogenous compounds in cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Benitex Yulia , McNaney Colleen A. , Luchetti David , Schaeffer Eric , Olah Timothy V. , Morgan Daniel G. , Drexler Dieter M. 
Published: July 2013

RATIONALEResearch on disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) has shown that an imbalance in the levels of specific endogenous neurotransmitters may underlie certain CNS diseases. These alterations in neurotransmitter levels may provide insight into pathophysiology, but can also serve as disease and pharmacodynamic biomarkers. To measure these potential biomarkers in vivo, the relevant sample matrix is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which is in equilibrium with the brain's interstitial fluid and circulates through the ventricular system of the brain and spinal cord. Accurate analysis of these potential biomarkers can be challenging due to low CSF sample volume, low analyte levels, and potential interferences from other endogenous compounds.METHODSA protocol has been established for effective method development of bioanalytical assays for endogenous compounds in CSF. Database searches and standard‐addition experiments are employed to qualify sample preparation and specificity of the detection thus evaluating accuracy and precision.RESULTSThis protocol was applied to the study of the histaminergic neurotransmitter system and the analysis of histamine and its metabolite 1‐methylhistamine in rat CSF.CONCLUSIONSThe protocol resulted in a specific and sensitive novel method utilizing pre‐column derivatization ultra high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC/MS/MS), which is also capable of separating an endogenous interfering compound, identified as taurine, from the analytes of interest. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non‐parametric linear time‐invariant extensions of non‐invertible and backlash plant
Authors: Shenton Andrew Thomas , Abass Ahmed 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYA rigorous validation for the use of a set of linear time‐invariant models as a surrogate in the design of controllers for uncertain nonlinear systems, which are invertible as one‐to‐one operators, such as used in the nonlinear quantitative feedback theory (NLQFT) design methodology has been given by Baños and Bailey. This paper presents a similar validation but weakens the requirement on the invertibility of the nonlinear plant by application of Kakutani's fixed‐point theorem and an incremental gain constraint on the plant within its operational envelope. The set of linear time‐invariant models to be used for design is shown to be an extension (termed here the linear time‐invariant extension—LTIE) of the nonlinear plant restricted to the desired output operating space. A new non‐parametric approach to the modelling of the LTIE is proposed which is based on Fourier transforms of the plant I/O data and which accordingly may be based solely on experimental testing without the need for an explicit parametric plant model. This new approach thus extends the application of robust linear controller design methods (including those of NLQFT) to nonlinear plants with set‐valued (multi‐valued) inverses such as those containing backlash and also to plants for which explicit parametric models are difficult to obtain. The method is illustrated by application of the non‐parametric approach to an NLQFT tracking controller design for a mechanical backlashed servomechanism problem. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
LMI stability conditions for uncertain rational nonlinear systems
Authors: Trofino A. , Dezuo T.J.M. 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYThis paper presents LMI conditions for local, regional, and global robust asymptotic stability of rational uncertain nonlinear systems. The uncertainties are modeled as real time varying parameters with magnitude and rate of variation bounded by given polytopes and the system vector field is a rational function of the states and uncertain parameters. Sufficient LMI conditions for asymptotic stability of the origin are given through a rational Lyapunov function of the states and uncertain parameters. The case where the time derivative of the Lyapunov function is negative semidefinite is also considered and connections with the well known LaSalle's invariance conditions are established. In regional stability problems, an algorithm to maximize the estimate of the region of attraction is proposed. The algorithm consists of maximizing the estimate for a given target region of initial states. The size and shape of the target region are recursively modified in the directions where the estimate can be enlarged. The target region can be taken as a polytope (convex set) or union of polytopes (non‐convex set). The estimates of the region of attraction are robust with respect to the uncertain parameters and their rate of change. The case of global and orthant stability problems are also considered. Connections with some results found in sum of squares based methods and other related methods found in the literature are established. The LMIs in this paper are obtained by using the Finsler's Lemma and the notion of annihilators. The LMIs are characterized by affine functions of the state and uncertain parameters, and they are tested at the vertices of a polytopic region. It is also shown that, with some additional conservatism, the use of the vertices can be avoided by modifying the LMIs with the S‐Procedure. Several numerical examples found in the literature are used to compare the results and illustrate the advantages of the proposed method. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Airway basal cells of healthy smokers express an embryonic stem cell signature relevant to lung cancer
Authors: Shaykhiev Renat , Wang Rui , Zwick Rachel K. , Hackett Neil R. , Leung Roland , Moore Malcolm A. S. , Sima Camelia S. , Chao Ion Wa , Downey Robert J. , Strulovici-Barel Yael , Salit Jacqueline , Crystal Ronald G. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Activation of the human embryonic stem cell (hESC) signature genes has been observed in various epithelial cancers. In this study, we found that the hESC signature is selectively induced in the airway basal stem/progenitor cell population of healthy smokers (BC-S), with a pattern similar to that activated in all major types of human lung cancer. We further identified a subset of 6 BC-S hESC genes, whose coherent overexpression in lung adenocarcinoma (AdCa) was associated with reduced lung function, poorer differentiation grade, more advanced tumor stage, remarkably shorter survival, and higher frequency of TP53 mutations. BC-S shared with hESC and a considerable subset of lung carcinomas a common TP53 inactivation molecular pattern which strongly correlated with the BC-S hESC gene expression. These data provide transcriptome-based evidence that smoking-induced reprogramming of airway BC toward the hESC-like phenotype might represent a common early molecular event in the development of aggressive lung carcinomas in humans.
Force‐based disturbance observer for dynamic force control and a position/force hybrid controller
Authors: Sakaino Sho , Sato Tomoya , Ohnishi Kouhei 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIn this paper, a force‐based disturbance observer (DOB) and a force control system using the DOB are proposed to obtain dynamic force control under disturbances. A DOB can reduce the effect of disturbances and modeling errors on robots. In a conventional DOB, an acceleration response is fed back to a reference, enabling highly precise position control. In other words, the effect of disturbances is decreased by emphasizing the effect of inertial forces. When a force controller is implemented, however, inertial forces are regarded as disturbances respect to a force response. Because inertial forces increase according to the acceleration, conventional DOBs are not suitable for dynamic force control. In the proposed DOB, a force response is fed back instead of an acceleration response. The effect of inertial forces is thus eliminated, thereby improving the tracking performance of force controllers. The proposed method's validity is verified analytically and experimentally. A position/force hybrid controller and a DOB for the controller are proposed as an extension of the proposed DOB. A bilateral controller is given as an example of the proposed hybrid controller, and its tracking performance is demonstrated experimentally. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Energetic Compounds Based on 4‐Amino‐1, 2, 4‐triazole (ATZ) and Picrate (PA): [Zn(H2O)6](PA)2·3H2O and [Zn(ATZ)3](PA)2·2.5H2O]n
Authors: Wu Bi‐Dong , Zhang Tong‐Lai , Li Yu‐Lu , Tong Wen‐Chao , Zhou Zun‐Ning , Zhang Jian‐Guo , Yang Li 
Published: July 2013

AbstractTwo energetic compounds, [Zn(H2O)6](PA)2·3H2O (1) and [Zn(ATZ)3](PA)2·2.5H2O]n (2), were synthesized based on 4‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole (ATZ) and picrate (PA), and characterized by elemental analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy. The crystallographic data showed that the crystals of 1 and 2 belong to the monoclinic space group P21/n and the triclinic space group P$\bar{1}$, respectively. Furthermore, the ZnII cations are six‐coordinated with six oxygen atoms from crystal water molecules for 1 and six nitrogen atoms from ATZ for 2, and exhibit distorted octahedral configurations. Thermal decomposition mechanisms were determined based on differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) curve corresponding to thermogravimetry‐derivative thermogravimetry (TG‐DTG) curves and kinetic parameters of the first exothermic process were studied by using Kissinger's and Ozawa's method. The energies of the impact sensitivities were 27.8 J for 2 and far greater than 29.4 J for 1. In addition, the experiment found the heats of combustion were –6.53 MJ·kg–1 for 1 and –11.33 MJ·kg–1 for 2 by oxygen bomb calorimeter. Therefore, compound 2 can improve the explosion performance and can maybe regarded as the less toxicity energy additive for the explosives and propellant formulations.
The source of cognitive complaints predicts diagnostic conversion differentially among nondemented older adults
Authors: Gifford Katherine A. , Liu Dandan , Lu Zengqi , Tripodis Yorghos , Cantwell Nicole G. , Palmisano Joseph , Kowall Neil , Jefferson Angela L. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to compare whether different sources of cognitive complaint (i.e., subjective and informant) predict diagnostic conversion in nondemented older adults.MethodsParticipants from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center had a baseline diagnosis of normal cognition (NC; n = 4414; mean age, 73 ± 8 years; 69% female) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n = 1843; mean age, 74 ± 8 years; 52% female). Multinomial logistic regression related baseline cognitive complaint (no complaint, self only, informant only, or both self and informant) to diagnostic outcome (reversion, stable, or conversion).ResultsAt follow‐up, 14% of NC participants converted to MCI/dementia (3.5 ± 1.8 years), and 41% of MCI participants converted to dementia (3.0 ± 1.6 years). Among NC participants, self complaint only (odds ratio [OR], 2.1; 99% confidence interval (CI),1.5–2.9; P < .001), informant complaint only (OR, 2.2; 99% CI, 1.2–3.9; P < .001), and both self and informant complaint (OR, 4.2; 99% CI, 2.9–6.0; P < .001) were associated with diagnostic conversion compared with no complaint. Among participants with MCI—compared with no complaint, informant complaint only (OR, 2.2; 99% CI, 1.2–4.3, P = .002), and both self and informant complaint (OR, 2.9; 99% CI, 1.8–4.8; P < .001)—were associated with conversion.ConclusionsCognitive complaints are related to conversion among nondemented older adults. Complaint from both (i.e. mutual complaint) sources was most predictive of diagnostic outcome, followed by informant complaint, highlighting the need for obtaining informant corroboration to enhance prognosis and distinguish underlying pathological processes from normal cognitive aging. Self complaint was related inconsistently to diagnostic outcome.
Modelling spreading dynamics of nematic liquid crystals in three spatial dimensions
Authors: Lin T.-S. , Kondic L. , Thiele U. , Cummings L. J. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe study spreading dynamics of nematic liquid crystal droplets within the framework of the long-wave approximation. A fourth-order nonlinear parabolic partial differential equation governing the free surface evolution is derived. The influence of elastic distortion energy and of imposed anchoring variations at the substrate are explored through linear stability analysis and scaling arguments, which yield useful insight and predictions for the behaviour of spreading droplets. This behaviour is captured by fully nonlinear time-dependent simulations of three-dimensional droplets spreading in the presence of anchoring variations that model simple defects in the nematic orientation at the substrate.
Neutral buoyancy is optimal to minimize the cost of transport in horizontally swimming seals
Authors: Sato Katsufumi , Aoki Kagari , Watanabe Yuuki Y. , Miller Patrick J. O. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractFlying and terrestrial animals should spend energy to move while supporting their weight against gravity. On the other hand, supported by buoyancy, aquatic animals can minimize the energy cost for supporting their body weight and neutral buoyancy has been considered advantageous for aquatic animals. However, some studies suggested that aquatic animals might use non-neutral buoyancy for gliding and thereby save energy cost for locomotion. We manipulated the body density of seals using detachable weights and floats and compared stroke efforts of horizontally swimming seals under natural conditions using animal-borne recorders. The results indicated that seals had smaller stroke efforts to swim a given speed when they were closer to neutral buoyancy. We conclude that neutral buoyancy is likely the best body density to minimize the cost of transport in horizontal swimming by seals.