bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Platform for the Determination of Air–Sea Fluxes (OCARINA): Overview and First Results
Authors: Bourras D. , Branger H. , Reverdin G. , Marié L. , Cambra R. , Baggio L. , Caudoux C. , Caudal G. , Morisset S. , Geyskens N. , Weill A. , Hauser D. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe present paper describes a new type of floating platform that was specifically designed for estimating air–sea fluxes, investigating turbulence characteristics in the atmospheric surface boundary layer, and studying wind–wave interactions. With its design, it can be deployed in the open ocean or in shallow-water areas. The system is designed to be used from a research vessel. It can operate for ~10 h as a drifting wave rider and 3 h under power. Turbulence and meteorological instrument packages are placed at a low altitude (1–1.5 m). It was deployed for validation purposes during the Front de Marée, Variabilité (FROMVAR), 2011 experiment off the west coast of Brittany, France. Wind friction velocity and surface turbulent buoyancy flux were estimated using eddy covariance, spectral, bulk, and profile methods. The comparisons of the four methods show a reasonable agreement except for the spectral buoyancy flux. This suggests that the platform design is correct. Also, the wind measured at a fixed height above the sea shows spectral coherence with wave heights, such that wind and swell are in phase, with the largest wind values on top of swell crests. This result in qualitative agreement with current model predictions supports the capability of the Ocean Coupled to Atmosphere, Research at the Interface with a Novel Autonomous platform (OCARINA) to investigate wind–swell interactions.
Processing of Underway CTD Data
Authors: Ullman David S. , Hebert David 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
A processing methodology for computation of accurate salinity from measurements with an underway CTD (UCTD) is presented. The UCTD is a rapidly profiling sensor package lacking a pump that relies on instrument motion to produce flow through the conductivity cell. With variable instrument descent rate, the flow through the cell is not constant, and this has important implications for the processing. As expected, the misalignment of the raw temperature and conductivity is found to be a function of the instrument descent rate. Application of a constant temporal advance of conductivity or temperature as is done with pumped CTDs is shown to produce unacceptable salinity spiking. With the descent rate of the UCTD reaching upwards of 4 dbar s−1, the effect of viscous heating of the thermistor is shown to produce a significant salinity error of up to 0.005 psu, and a correction based on previous laboratory work is applied. Correction of the error due to the thermal mass of the conductivity cell is achieved using a previously developed methodology with the correction parameters varying with instrument descent rate. Comparison of salinity from the UCTD with that from a standard shipboard, pumped CTD in side-by-side deployments indicates that the processed UCTD salinity is accurate to better than 0.01 psu.
Structural Characteristics of T-PARC Typhoon Sinlaku during Its Extratropical Transition
Authors: Quinting Julian F. , Bell Michael M. , Harr Patrick A. , Jones Sarah C. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The structure and the environment of Typhoon Sinlaku (2008) were investigated during its life cycle in The Observing System Research and Predictability Experiment (THORPEX) Pacific Asian Regional Campaign (T-PARC). On 20 September 2008, during the transformation stage of Sinlaku’s extratropical transition (ET), research aircraft equipped with dual-Doppler radar and dropsondes documented the structure of the convection surrounding Sinlaku and low-level frontogenetical processes. The observational data obtained were assimilated with the recently developed Spline Analysis at Mesoscale Utilizing Radar and Aircraft Instrumentation (SAMURAI) software tool. The resulting analysis provides detailed insight into the ET system and allows specific features of the system to be identified, including deep convection, a stratiform precipitation region, warm- and cold-frontal structures, and a dry intrusion. The analysis offers valuable information about the interaction of the features identified within the transitioning tropical cyclone. The existence of dry midlatitude air above warm-moist tropical air led to strong potential instability. Quasigeostrophic diagnostics suggest that forced ascent during warm frontogenesis triggered the deep convective development in this potentially unstable environment. The deep convection itself produced a positive potential vorticity anomaly at midlevels that modified the environmental flow. A comparison of the operational ECMWF analysis and the observation-based SAMURAI analysis exhibits important differences. In particular, the ECMWF analysis does not capture the deep convection adequately. The nonexistence of the deep convection has considerable implications on the potential vorticity structure of the remnants of the typhoon at midlevels. An inaccurate representation of the thermodynamic structure of the dry intrusion has considerable implications on the frontogenesis and the quasigeostrophic forcing.
Enhancing Diabetes Self-care Among Rural African Americans With Diabetes
Authors: Williams Ishan C. , Utz Sharon W. , Hinton Ivora , Yan Guofen , Jones Randy , Reid Kathryn 
Published: January 2014

Purpose The purpose of this study is to test the feasibility of conducting a community-based randomized controlled trial evaluating a culturally tailored community-based group diabetes self-management education (DSME) program among rural African Americans. Methods Thirty-two African American rural adults with type 2 diabetes were recruited and 25 adults were retained and participated in an interventional study designed to test the effectiveness of the “Taking Care of Sugar” DSME program for the 2-year follow-up. Participants were selected from rural central Virginia. Primary outcomes variables included average blood sugar levels, cardiovascular risk factors, and general physical and mental health. These outcomes were assessed at baseline, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months post baseline. Results From baseline to 3-month follow-up assessment, participants exhibited significant improvement on several physiological and behavioral measures. Given the small sample size, hypothesis testing was limited. Results show change from baseline over time, illustrating that the primary outcome of A1C decreased, although not significant. Additionally, participants reported more knowledge about diabetes self-management and personal care skills (ie, exercise and foot care) that persisted over time. The feasibility of the culturally tailored DSME was established, and participation with the program was high. Conclusions A community-based group DSME program using storytelling is feasible. This research will help to inform clinicians and health policymakers as to the types of interventions that are feasible in a larger rural population. If such a program is carried out, we can improve knowledge, reduce complications, and improve quality of life among rural African Americans.
Intratympanic Gentamicin for Ménière's Disease: Short‐ and Long‐term Follow‐up of Two Regimens of Treatment
Authors: Casani Augusto P. , Cerchiai Niccolò , Navari Elena , Dallan Iacopo , Piaggi Paolo , Sellari‐Franceschini Stefano 
Published: January 2014

Objectives(1) To compare the results of the 2 regimens of treatment at 2‐year follow‐up and (2) to evaluate the need and the efficacy of retreatment after the recurrence of vertigo attacks in a longer period of follow‐up (using the Kaplan‐Meier method of analysis).Study DesignRetrospective chart review.SettingTertiary referral center.Subjects and MethodsWe analyzed 77 patients treated with intratympanic gentamicin (ITG). Thirty‐five patients were treated with high‐dose (HD) ITG (in total 6 injections, twice a day, repeated every 3 days) and 42 with low‐dose (LD) ITG (1‐2 injections). The results of treatment were evaluated in terms of functional level scale, control of vertigo, and hearing impairment.ResultsAt 2‐year follow‐up, a similar percentage of vertigo control was obtained in the 2 groups; the incidence of hearing loss and posttreatment disequilibrium was significantly higher in patients treated with HD‐ITG. The long‐term follow‐up showed a control of vertigo attacks with a single round of treatment in 71.4% of patients treated with HD‐ITG and in 55% of those treated with LD‐ITG. With repeated rounds, an effective control of vertigo could be achieved in 88.5% using a HD‐ITG protocol and 97.7% using a LD‐ITG protocol.ConclusionsLD‐ITG allows obtaining good results in term of vertigo attacks associated with a limited occurrence of side effects. The long‐term follow‐up showed that LD‐ITG needed repeated rounds more frequently than the HD‐protocol. HD‐ITG ran less risk of needing repeated rounds, but retreatment was ineffective in 40% of the cases requiring surgical therapy.
Temperature variation and the incidence of cluster headache periods: A nationwide population study
Authors: Lee Y-Jung , Chen Yung-Tai , Ou Shuo-Ming , Li Szu-Yuan , Yang Albert C , Tang Chao-Hsiun , Wang Shuu-Jiun 
Published: January 2014

Background Cluster headache (CH) is well known to show a seasonal predilection; however, the impact of temperature and other meteorological factors on cluster periods (or bouts) has not been established. Methods This nationwide survey included 758 patients with episodic CH retrieved from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database from 2005 to 2009. Corresponding meteorological recordings were obtained from the Central Weather Bureau. A case-crossover study design was used to investigate the association between cluster periods and meteorological factors. Results A total of 2452 episodes of cluster periods were recorded. The cluster periods were most frequent in the autumn and least frequent in the winter. Seasonal changes from winter to spring and from autumn to winter also increased the frequency of cluster periods. The risk of cluster periods increased when there was a higher mean temperature on event days (odds ratio (OR), 1.014, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.005–1.023, p = 0.003) or within seven to 56 days. Either an increase or a decrease in temperature (0.05℃/day) following a warm period (mean temperature ≥26℃) was associated with the onset of cluster periods. In contrast, a greater increase in temperature (0.15℃/day) following a cold period (mean temperature < 21℃) was needed to evoke cluster periods. No such associations were found following moderate periods (21℃ ≤mean temperature <26℃). Discussion Our study shows that temperature is associated with precipitating or priming cluster periods. The influence depends on the temperature of the preceding periods.
Nurse middle manager ethical dilemmas and moral distress
Authors: Ganz Freda D , Wagner Nurit , Toren Orly 
Published: January 2014

Background: Nurse managers are placed in a unique position within the healthcare system where they greatly impact upon the nursing work environment. Ethical dilemmas and moral distress have been reported for staff nurses but not for nurse middle managers. Objective: To describe ethical dilemmas and moral distress among nurse middle managers arising from situations of ethical conflict. Methods: The Ethical Dilemmas in Nursing–Middle Manager Questionnaire and a personal characteristics questionnaire were administered to a convenience sample of middle managers from four hospitals in Israel. Results: Middle managers report low to moderate levels of frequency and intensity of ethical dilemmas and moral distress. Highest scores were for administrative dilemmas. Conclusion: Middle managers experience lower levels of ethical dilemmas and moral distress than staff nurses, which are irrespective of their personal characteristics. Interventions should be developed, studied, and then incorporated into institutional frameworks in order to improve this situation.
Emerging Eurasian Continental Integration
Authors: Vinokurov Evgeny 
Published: January 2014

The aim of this article is to review the tectonic changes in the structure of economic linkages in the Eurasian continent. Within the last two decades, the end of the autarky of China and the COMECON bloc led to a dramatic opening to the global economy and to cooperation within the Eurasian continent. This is particularly visible with regard to trade. It is also visible in investment, where Eurasia is not only more integrated but also multipolar. Emerging pervasive cooperation in the Eurasian landmass is primarily a bottom-up story, with intergovernmental cooperation lagging behind the rapid developments on the micro level of companies and people. Since Eurasian linkages are highly dependent on the development of common infrastructure, there has recently been a great deal of activity in this field. Still, the cross-border railway and automotive infrastructure and electric power linkages in particular remain hugely underdeveloped. On the normative side of the evolving Eurasian continent-wide cooperation and integration, there is a need for a deliberately low-key, pragmatic, and technocratic agenda. Institutional integration faces numerous hurdles in Greater Eurasia: the asymmetries of size; the level of development; and political regimes. These hurdles are unlikely to be overcome in the coming decades. Structuring cooperation according to a functional principle and focusing on such domains as physical infrastructure, some sector-specific and continent-relevant elements of regulatory convergence, as well as counteracting continent-wide issues of “shadow integration,” ranging from drug trafficking to epidemiological threats, is therefore crucial.
Featured Article: Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells carrying the human receptor activity-modifying protein 1 gene improves cardiac function and inhibits neointimal proliferation in the carotid angioplasty and myocardial infarction rabbit model
Authors: Shi Bei , Long Xianping , Zhao Ranzun , Liu Zhijiang , Wang Dongmei , Xu Guanxue 
Published: January 2014

Although transplanting mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can improve cardiac function and contribute to endothelial recovery in a damaged artery, natural MSCs may induce neointimal hyperplasia by directly or indirectly acting on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Receptor activity-modifying protein 1 (RAMP1) is the component and the determinant of ligand specificity of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). It is recently reported that CGRP and its receptor involve the proliferation and the apoptosis in vivo and in vitro, and the exogenous RAMP1 enhances the antiproliferation effect of CGRP in VSMCs. Here, we investigated the effects of MSCs overexpressing the human receptor activity-modifying protein 1 (hRAMP1) on heart function and artery repair in rabbit models of myocardial infarction (MI) reperfusion and carotid artery injury. MSCs transfected with a recombinant adenovirus containing the hRAMP1 gene (EGFP-hRAMP1-MSCs) were injected into the rabbit models via the ear vein at 24 h after carotid artery injury and MI 7 days post-EGFP-hRAMP1-MSC transplantation. The cells that expressed both enhance green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and CD31 were detected in the neointima of the damaged artery via immunofluorescence. EGFP-hRAMP1 expression was observed in the injured artery and infarcted myocardium by western blot analysis, confirming that the engineered MSCs targeted the injured artery and infarcted myocardium and expressed hRAMP1 protein. Compared with the EGFP-MSCs group, the EGFP-hRAMP1-MSCs group had a significantly smaller infarcted area and improved cardiac function by 28 days after cell transplantation, as detected by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining and echocardiography. Additionally, arterial hematoxylin–eosin staining revealed that the area of the neointima and the area ratio of intima/media were significantly decreased in the EGFP-hRAMP1-MSCs group. An immunohistological study showed that the expression of α-smooth muscle antigen and proliferating cell nuclear antigen in the neointima cells of the carotid artery of the EGFP-hRAMP1-MSCs group was approximately 50% lower than that of the EGFP-MSCs group, suggesting that hRAMP1 expression may inhibit VSMCs proliferation within the neointima. Therefore, compared with natural MSCs, EGFP-hRAMP1-engineered MSCs improved infarcted heart function and endothelial recovery from artery injury more efficiently, which will provide valuable information for the development of MSC-based therapy.
Efficacy and safety of olmesartan/amlodipine/hydrochlorothiazide in patients with hypertension not at goal with mono, dual or triple drug therapy: results of the CHAMPiOn study
Authors: Punzi Henry A. 
Published: February 2014

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of once daily olmesartan medoxomil (OM)/amlodipine besylate (AM)/hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) 40/10/25 mg in patients with hypertension not at goal with mono, dual or triple drug therapy. Methods: This was a single-center, prospective, open-label, blinded-endpoint study. After a 1-week screening visit, 40 patients were enrolled into the study and given once daily treatment with OM/AM/HCTZ after the patients underwent baseline ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) on their original therapy. The primary endpoint was changes from baseline in mean 24 h ABPM [systolic blood pressure (SBP)] after the first day of therapy with OM/AM/HCTZ 40/10/25 mg. Secondary endpoints were changes from baseline in mean 24 h ABPM [diastolic blood pressure (DBP)] after the first day of therapy with OM/AM/HCTZ 40/10/25 mg; mean changes from baseline in trough seated SBP (SeSBP) at day 1 and SeSBP at weeks 1, 2, 3 and 4; mean changes from baseline in trough seated DBP (SeDBP) at day 1 and SeDBP at weeks 1, 2, 3 and 4; and the percentage of subjects achieving mean 24 h, daytime and night-time ABPM BP goals. Results: The baseline paired t-test systolic ABPM was 134.0 ± 2.77 mmHg and day 1 was 128.6 ± 2.47 mmHg with a treatment difference of −5.55 ± 1.3 mmHg ( p<0.0001). At week 1, paired t-test ABPM SBP reduction was 117.7 ± 2.0 mmHg with a treatment difference of −16.5 ± 1.8 mmHg ( p < 0.0001). At week 2, paired t-test ABPM SBP reduction was 115.8 ± 1.8 mmHg with a treatment difference of −18.4 ± 2.0 mmHg ( p < 0.0001). At week 3, paired t-test ABPM SBP reduction was 115.5 ± 1.9 mmHg with a treatment difference of −18.6 ± 2.0 mmHg ( p < 0.0001). At week 4, paired t-test ABPM SBP reduction was 115.5 ± 1.8 mmHg with a treatment difference of −18.6 ± 2.2 mmHg ( p < 0.0001). The baseline paired t-test SeSBP was 142 ± 2.43 mmHg and day 1 was 132 ± 2.59 mmHg with a treatment difference of −9.78 ± 1.51 mmHg ( p < 0.0001). At week 1, paired t-test SeSBP reduction was 124.0 ± 1.6 mmHg with a treatment difference of −17.9 ± 1.8 mmHg ( p < 0.0001). At week 2, paired t-test SeSBP reduction was 120.3 ± 1.7 mmHg with a treatment difference of −21.5 ± 2.1 mmHg ( p < 0.0001). At week 3, paired t-test SeSBP reduction was 118.5 ± 1.8 mmHg with a treatment difference of −23.3 ± 1.7 mmHg ( p < 0.0001). At week 4, paired t-test SeSBP reduction was 119.6 ± 1.7 mmHg with a treatment difference of −22.2 ± 1.9 mmHg ( p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Treatment with OM/AM/HCTZ achieved superior (SBP) ABPM reductions compared with mono, dual or triple drug therapy, resulting in all patients achieving systolic ABPM goal without ABPM documented hypotension.
Essential role of BRG, the ATPase subunit of BAF chromatin remodeling complexes, in leukemia maintenance
Authors: Buscarlet Manuel , Krasteva Veneta , Ho Lena , Simon Camille , Hébert Josée , Wilhelm Brian , Crabtree Gerald R. , Sauvageau Guy , Thibault Pierre , Lessard Julie A. 
Published: January 2014

Key Points
Quantitative proteomics identifies BRG as the main ATPase of BAF complexes expressed in leukemia. BRG is essential for the proliferation of leukemic cells.
QTrim: a novel tool for the quality trimming of sequence reads generated using the Roche/454 sequencing platform
Authors: Shrestha Ram Krishna , Lubinsky Baruch , Bansode Vijay B , Moinz Mónica BJ , McCormack Grace P , Travers Simon A 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Background
Many high throughput sequencing (HTS) approaches, such as the Roche/454 platform, produce sequences in which the quality of the sequence (as measured by a Phred-like quality scores) decreases linearly across a sequence read. Undertaking quality trimming of this data is essential to enable confidence in the results of subsequent downstream analysis. Here, we have developed a novel, highly sensitive and accurate approach (QTrim) for the quality trimming of sequence reads generated using the Roche/454 sequencing platform (or any platform with long reads that outputs Phred-like quality scores).

Results
The performance of QTrim was evaluated against all other available quality trimming approaches on both poor and high quality 454 sequence data. In all cases, QTrim appears to perform equally as well as the best other approach (PRINSEQ) with these two methods significantly outperforming all other methods. Further analysis of the trimmed data revealed that the novel trimming approach implemented in QTrim ensures that the prevalence of low quality bases in the resulting trimmed data is substantially lower than PRINSEQ or any of the other approaches tested.

Conclusions
QTrim is a novel, highly sensitive and accurate algorithm for the quality trimming of Roche/454 sequence reads. It is implemented both as an executable program that can be integrated with standalone sequence analysis pipelines and as a web-based application to enable individuals with little or no bioinformatics experience to quality trim their sequence data.
Variant calling in low-coverage whole genome sequencing of a Native American population sample
Authors: Bizon Chris , Spiegel Michael , Chasse Scott A , Gizer Ian R , Li Yun , Malc Ewa P , Mieczkowski Piotr A , Sailsbery Josh K , Wang Xiaoshu , Ehlers Cindy L , Wilhelmsen Kirk C 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Background
The reduction in the cost of sequencing a human genome has led to the use of genotype sampling strategies in order to impute and infer the presence of sequence variants that can then be tested for associations with traits of interest. Low-coverage Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) is a sampling strategy that overcomes some of the deficiencies seen in fixed content SNP array studies. Linkage-disequilibrium (LD) aware variant callers, such as the program Thunder, may provide a calling rate and accuracy that makes a low-coverage sequencing strategy viable.

Results
We examined the performance of an LD-aware variant calling strategy in a population of 708 low-coverage whole genome sequences from a community sample of Native Americans. We assessed variant calling through a comparison of the sequencing results to genotypes measured in 641 of the same subjects using a fixed content first generation exome array. The comparison was made using the variant calling routines GATK Unified Genotyper program and the LD-aware variant caller Thunder. Thunder was found to improve concordance in a coverage dependent fashion, while correctly calling nearly all of the common variants as well as a high percentage of the rare variants present in the sample.

Conclusions
Low-coverage WGS is a strategy that appears to collect genetic information intermediate in scope between fixed content genotyping arrays and deep-coverage WGS. Our data suggests that low-coverage WGS is a viable strategy with a greater chance of discovering novel variants and associations than fixed content arrays for large sample association analyses.