bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving Boston Type 1 Keratoprosthesis Procedure: One-Touch Femtosecond-Assisted Preparation and Centration of Donor Carrier Tissue
Authors: Malandrini Alex , Balestrazzi Angelo , Canovetti Annalisa , Rossi Francesca , Cortesini Letizia , Lenzetti Chiara , Pini Roberto , Menabuoni Luca 
Published: January 2014

Purpose: We describe a technique to avoid decentration of the visual axis of the Boston type 1 keratoprosthesis (Kpro), performing 2 concentric trephinations with femtosecond laser. Methods: Two concentric side cuts were performed in a donor cornea using the 150-kHz Intralase™ FS laser. Within the same applanation procedure, an 8.5-mm-diameter anterior side cut was performed, followed by a concentric 3-mm-diameter anterior side cut. Results: The technique was successfully replicated in 7 cases. Conclusions: Femtosecond laser-assisted double trephination results in a correctly prepared donor cornea, and in an inner side precisely matched with the prosthesis. At the end of the surgery, the Kpro was correctly centered.
Comparison of Conventional, Molecular, and Immunohistochemical Methods in Diagnosis of Typical and Atypical Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Authors: Shirian Sadegh , Oryan Ahmad , Hatam Gholam-Reza , Panahi Saed , Daneshbod Yahya 
Published: January 2014

Context.—Localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) typically presents as papules, crusted nodules, plaques, or noduloulcerative lesions. Atypical CL does not show these features or mimic malignant lesion. In atypical forms, CL may be overlooked because of its similarity to other dermal diseases.Objective.—To compare conventional, molecular, and immunohistochemical methods in the diagnosis of typical and atypical CL.Design.—The kinetoplast DNA, nested, polymerase chain reaction assay and immunohistochemical methods were compared and validated against conventional methods, including cytology and pathology, using 100 specimens of typical and atypical lesions of suspected CL.Results.—Compared with other methods, polymerase chain reaction of the kinetoplast DNA showed the highest sensitivity (typical positive, 100%, 67 of 67; atypical positive, 94%, 31 of 33) and specificity (100%), followed by immunohistochemistry (typical positive, 97%, 65 of 67, with 100% specificity; atypical positives, 94%, 31 of 33, with 100% specificity), and cytology (typical positive, 79%, 53 of 67, with 100% specificity; atypical positive, 58%, 19 of 33, with 100% specificity), followed by pathology (typical positive, 70%, 47 of 67, with 100% specificity; atypical positive, 42%, 14 of 33, with 100% specificity). In addition, polymerase chain reaction enabled identification of 98% (98 of 100) of the positive samples that included strains of Leishmania major (99% [99 of 100] cases) and Leishmania tropica (1% [1 of 100] cases).Conclusions.—Because cytology is cheap and easy to perform with high sensitivity, it is the preferred, primary approach for typical CL, but cytology and pathology do not have sufficient sensitivity for diagnosis of atypical CL cases. Nested polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry are sensitive tests for diagnosis of both typical and atypical CL and are recommended as complementary tests in suspected CL with negative conventional microscopy results.
Arthritic Periosteal Tissue From Joint Replacement Surgery: A Novel, Autologous Source of Stem Cells
Authors: Chang Hana , Docheva Denitsa , Knothe Ulf R. , Knothe Tate Melissa L. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe overarching aim of this study is to assess the feasibility of using periosteal tissue from the femoral neck of arthritic hip joints, usually discarded in the normal course of hip replacement surgery, as an autologous source of stem cells. In addition, the study aims to characterize intrinsic differences between periosteum-derived cell (PDC) populations, isolated via either enzymatic digestion or a migration assay, including their proliferative capacity, surface marker expression, and multipotency, relative to commercially available human bone marrow-derived stromal cells (BMSCs) cultured under identical conditions. Commercial BMSCs and PDCs were characterized in vitro, using a growth assay, flow cytometry, as well as assay of Oil Red O, alizarin red, and Safranin O/Fast Green staining after respective culture in adipo-, osteo-, and chondrogenic media. Based on these outcome measures, PDCs exhibited proliferation rate, morphology, surface receptor expression, and multipotency similar to those of BMSCs. No significant correlation was observed between outcome measures and donor age or diagnosis (osteoarthritis [OA] and rheumatoid arthritis [RA], respectively), a profound finding given recent rheumatological studies indicating that OA and RA share not only common biomarkers and molecular mechanisms but also common pathophysiology, ultimately resulting in the need for joint replacement. Furthermore, PDCs isolated via enzymatic digestion and migration assay showed subtle differences in surface marker expression but otherwise no significant differences in proliferation or multipotency; the observed differences in surface marker expression may indicate potential effects of isolation method on the population of cells isolated and/or the behavior of the respective isolated cell populations. This study demonstrates, for the first time to our knowledge, the feasibility of using arthritic tissue resected during hip replacement as a source of autologous stem cells. In sum, periosteum tissue that is resected with the femoral neck in replacing the hip represents an unprecedented and, to date, unstudied source of stem cells from OA and RA patients. Follow-up studies will determine the degree to which this new, autologous source of stem cells can be banked for future use.
Astrocyte-Like Cells Derived From Human Oral Mucosa Stem Cells Provide Neuroprotection In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Ganz Javier , Arie Ina , Ben-Zur Tali , Dadon-Nachum Michal , Pour Sammy , Araidy Shareef , Pitaru Sandu , Offen Daniel 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Human oral mucosa stem cells (hOMSC) are a recently described neural crest-derived stem cell population. Therapeutic quantities of potent hOMSC can be generated from small biopsies obtained by minimally invasive procedures. Our objective was to evaluate the potential of hOMSC to differentiate into astrocyte-like cells and provide peripheral neuroprotection. We induced hOMSC differentiation into cells showing an astrocyte-like morphology that expressed characteristic astrocyte markers as glial fibrillary acidic protein, S100β, and the excitatory amino acid transporter 1 and secreted neurotrophic factors (NTF) such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, and insulin-like growth factor 1. Conditioned medium of the induced cells rescued motor neurons from hypoxia or oxidative stress in vitro, suggesting a neuroprotective effect mediated by soluble factors. Given the neuronal support (NS) ability of the cells, the differentiated cells were termed hOMSC-NS. Rats subjected to sciatic nerve injury and transplanted with hOMSC-NS showed improved motor function after transplantation. At the graft site we found the transplanted cells, increased levels of NTF, and a significant preservation of functional neuromuscular junctions, as evidenced by colocalization of α-bungarotoxin and synaptophysin. Our findings show for the first time that hOMSC-NS generated from oral mucosa exhibit neuroprotective effects in vitro and in vivo and point to their future therapeutic use in neural disorders.
Contesting the Limits of Consultation in the Amazon Region: On Indigenous Peoples’ Demands for Free, Prior and Informed Consent in Bolivia and Peru
Authors: Delgado-Pugley Deborah 
Published: January 2014

While states have legal rights over more than 60% of the world’s forests, around one billion people inhabit and “manage” them often without proper legal recognition. Many countries are moving towards conferring legal rights over forested land to a broad range of private actors such as individuals or communities. However, and perhaps not surprisingly, two thirds of on-going violent conflicts involving rural communities are driven by contested claims over land and resources. In many Latin American countries, statutes and regulations on consultation have recently become strategic issues, even though these laws are suppose to comply with treaties and declarations signed by states some years or even decades before. Is it reasonable to claim that international approaches to indigenous rights, such as the ILO Convention 169 (1989) and the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (2007) have actually begun to influence domestic regulations in a comprehensive manner? In that sense, what is the concrete impact of these approaches in policy-making processes? Is the recognition of the right to consultation bringing improvement to environmental conditions in the jurisdictions concerned? These questions are hereby addressed by means of two case studies where laws on consultation had parliamentary approval and were promoted by State’s agencies, but were contested by indigenous peoples’ movements: the framing of the Peruvian National Law on Consultation (Law No. 29785) and the ad hoc Law on Consultation (Law No. 222) over a planned road through the Indigenous Territory and Isiboro-Sécure National Park, regarded as the basis for the Bolivian Law on Consultation.
Environmental Discrimination and the Charter’s Equality Guarantee: The Case of Drinking Water for First Nations Living on Reserves
Authors: Chalifour Nathalie J. 
Published: January 2014

Many First Nations communities living on reserves in Canada do not have consistent access to one of the most essential requirements for life—clean and safe drinking water. This article analyses the Charter’s equality guarantee to determine whether it offers a remedy. The analysis shows that the experience of First Nations communities living on reserve without access to clean water is discriminatory within the meaning of s 15 of the Charter, and that this discrimination would not be saved by s 1. The most significant hurdle to a s 15 claim is the fact that there is no single law which categorically excludes First Nations reserve communities from its protection. While the courts have not considered a case with similar facts, the article argues that the Charter’s equality protections extend to the full range of government action (and inaction) regardless of whether the action stems from one law, regulation or policy, or a set of laws that, acting together, creates discrimination. An interpretation that would limit s 15 protections based on a narrow, formalistic interpretation of the word “law” in section 15 would not only run counter to the interpretations of the section in recent decisions, but more importantly would run afoul of the Charter’s purpose of promoting substantive equality.
Le libéralisme politique et le pluralisme des conceptions du juste. Jusqu’où peut aller la tolérance politique ?1
Authors: Côté-Boudreau Frédéric 
Published: January 2014

Cet article explore les conséquences pour le libéralisme politique de considérer l’existence d’un pluralisme raisonnable au sujet des différentes conceptions du juste. Comment une conception publique de la justice peut se développer malgré un désaccord raisonnable et profond sur les termes mêmes de cette justice ? En comparant le libertarisme, la justice comme équité et l’égalitarisme strict, il sera montré que les concepts fondamentaux de ces conceptions du juste sont essentiellement contestés. En guise de solution, deux conditions seront suggérées afin de faire en sorte que la conception publique de la justice en soit une de tolérance politique : premièrement, elle devra se baser sur une liste de droits minimaux reconnus par les différentes conceptions raisonnables du juste; et deuxièmement, si la conception publique de la justice a pour ambition de se développer au-delà du dénominateur commun, elle devra offrir des mesures compensatoires à ceux supportant des conceptions du juste plus restrictives. À certains égards, cette problématique et ces accommodements s’apparentent à ce qui est déjà proposé au sujet de multiculturalisme.
Justice and Charity: Positive duties and the right of necessity in Pablo Gilabert
Authors: Sparling Robert 
Published: January 2014

This article considers Pablo Gilabert’s attempt to defend against libertarian critics his ambitious argument for basic positive duties of justice to the world’s destitute. The article notes that Gilabert’s argument – and particularly the vocabulary of perfect and imperfect duties that he adopts – has firm roots in the modern natural rights tradition. The article goes on to suggest, however, that Gilabert employs the phrase ‘imperfect duties’ in a manner that is in some tension with the tradition from which it is derived. Indeed, Gilabert’s novel deployment of the phrase contains a number of radical possibilities that are not pursued in his text. The article suggests that Gilabert would do better to break more decisively from a tradition that insists on the essential distinction between justice and charity.
Interrelationship between preonset auroral and magnetic signatures at a geomagnetically conjugate Iceland‐Syowa pair
Authors: Motoba T. , Ohtani S. , Kadokura A. , Gjerloev J. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe present the initiation and development of Pi1‐Pi2 band pulsations in concert with spatiotemporal evolution of preonset auroral arc during an isolated auroral substorm reported by Motoba et al. (2012), and their interhemispheric similarities/dissimilarities, based on the colocated optical and magnetic field measurements at a geomagnetically conjugate Iceland‐Syowa pair. At least ~7 min prior to the auroral expansion onset, the first identifiable signature of preonset arc began with a small‐scale (~30–50 km) azimuthal beading. Interestingly, the early development of the visible arc beading for ~3–4 min was not accompanied by any ground magnetic perturbation. Then the bead‐like forms in the arc evolved into brighter, larger undulations, eventually developing into the poleward expansion. Such a preonset optical sequence was almost identical at both stations. In the transition from the beads into undulations, Pi2 pulsations were first identified clearly, followed by Pi1 pulsations a few minutes later. Whereas the Pi2 onset was coincident with the initiation of progressive increase of the preonset arc luminosity, the Pi1 onset was associated with a subsequent steep increase. The Pi2 wave cycles superimposed on the magnetic negative bay were well correlated with the preonset arc luminosity time series. These results imply the potential linkage between the ground Pi1‐Pi2 signatures in the onset region and the preonset auroral arc processes. Although the Pi1‐Pi2 features were generally similar between the two hemispheres, there was also some dissimilarity in their temporal behaviors, which could reflect a small but noteworthy interhemispheric asymmetry in the overhead conjugate preonset aurora.
Diphenyldibenzofulvene‐Based Sensitizers for Efficient Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells: The Tuned Absorption Properties and Partially Suppressed Aggregation
Authors: Li Huiyang , Tang Runli , Hou Yingqin , Yang Yizhou , Chen Junnian , Liu Linfeng , Han Hongwei , Peng Tianyou , Li Qianqian , Li Zhen 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThree new organic sensitizers (LI‐62, LI‐63, and LI‐64) were designed and synthesized, in which the diphenyldibenzofulvene (DPDBF) π‐bridge was structurally modified by introducing different groups to its phenyl rings to fine‐tune the electronic properties. Accordingly, the light‐harvesting capabilities, energy levels, and photovoltaic performances were systematically investigated. The three‐dimensional configuration of DPDBF can weaken the intermolecular interactions, and, thus, benefit the orderly arrangement of the dyes onto the TiO2 surface. In comparison to LI‐62, which contained the electron‐withdrawing CF3 group as a substituent on the DPDBF moiety, LI‐64 with the electron‐donating SMe group exhibited a higher molar extinction coefficient and IPCE value, which directly led to a higher conversion efficiency and provided some useful information for the optimization of organic dyes that have a high photovoltaic performance.
A Perylene Bisimide Organogelator for Chlorinated Solvents
Authors: Lin Xu , Hirono Misaki , Kurata Hiroki , Seki Tomohiro , Maruya Yukihiro , Nakayama Ken‐ichi , Yagai Shiki 
Published: January 2014

AbstractDye‐incorporated gel‐like materials are an attractive functional soft matter for optoelectronic applications. Chlorinated solvents are commonly used for the development of organic devices. Herein, we report that a perylene‐bisimide‐functionalized flexible bisurea can work as an efficient organogelator for several chlorinated solvents. The bisurea formed organogels in CHCl3 and 1,1,2,2‐tetrachloroethane (TCE), but it gave viscous solutions in CCl4 at millimolar concentrations. UV/vis and fluorescence spectroscopies, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy observation of the diluted solutions revealed that the bisurea forms soluble supramolecular polymers in CCl4 whereas it exists as monomeric or at least oligomeric species in CHCl3 and TCE at micromolar concentrations. These results suggest that differences in the aggregation process could explain the gelation behavior in chlorinated solvents. By using a viscous CCl4 solution, we fabricated top contact organic field effect transistors. The devices showed n‐type semiconductivity with a mobility of 1.5×10−5 cm2 V−1 s−1.
A 2‐Iodobenzamide Catalyst for Oxidation of Alcohols at Room Temperature
Authors: Yakura Takayuki , Yamada Akihiro , Noda Narumi , Fujiwara Tomoya , Nambu Hisanori 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA 2‐iodobenzamide catalyst for the oxidation of alcohols was developed. Reaction of alcohols with a catalytic amount of 2‐iodobenzamide in the presence of oxone as a co‐oxidant at room temperature gave the corresponding carbonyl compounds in excellent yields. Primary alcohols were directly converted into the corresponding carboxylic acids, whereas secondary alcohols were oxidized to ketones. A 2‐iodobenzoic acid‐type catalyst for alcohol oxidation at room temperature has not been reported before.
Aphonia due to vocal cord impairment induced by carbon monoxide poisoning
Authors: Koga Shunsuke , Sadahiro Tomohito , Ito Shoichi , Asahina Masato , Oda Shigeto 
Published: January 2014

CaseWe describe a case of a 22‐year‐old woman with alteration in consciousness and aphonia due to vocal cord impairment after carbon monoxide exposure. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed high signal intensity in bilateral globus pallidus and the pars reticulata of the substantia nigra on T2‐ and diffusion‐weighted images. Laryngeal fiberscopy showed bilateral immobilization of the vocal cords in median position during both inspiration and phonation. Although the effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy remain ambiguous, these symptoms and magnetic resonance imaging findings subsided.OutcomeAphonia due to vocal cord impairment, as a presenting symptom of carbon monoxide poisoning, has not been previously reported. We considered the cause of aphonia was vocal cord abductor paralysis or dystonia of intralaryngeal muscles after the carbon monoxide exposure.ConclusionEven though aphonia is an unusual symptom in a patient with carbon monoxide poisoning, it must be taken into consideration.
The Direct Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide Using Platinum‐Promoted Gold–Palladium Catalysts
Authors: Edwards Jennifer K. , Pritchard James , Lu Li , Piccinini Marco , Shaw Greg , Carley Albert F. , Morgan David J. , Kiely Christopher J. , Hutchings Graham J. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide offers a potentially green route to the production of this important commodity chemical. Early studies showed that Pd is a suitable catalyst, but recent work indicated that the addition of Au enhances the activity and selectivity significantly. The addition of a third metal using impregnation as a facile preparation method was thus investigated. The addition of a small amount of Pt to a CeO2‐supported AuPd (weight ratio of 1:1) catalyst significantly enhanced the activity in the direct synthesis of H2O2 and decreased the non‐desired over‐hydrogenation and decomposition reactions. The addition of Pt to the AuPd nanoparticles influenced the surface composition, thus leading to the marked effects that were observed on the catalytic formation of hydrogen peroxide. In addition, an experimental approach that can help to identify the optimal nominal ternary alloy compositions for this reaction is demonstrated.
Hydrodeoxygenation of the Angelica Lactone Dimer, a Cellulose‐Based Feedstock: Simple, High‐Yield Synthesis of Branched C7–C10 Gasoline‐like Hydrocarbons
Authors: Mascal Mark , Dutta Saikat , Gandarias Inaki 
Published: January 2014

AbstractDehydration of biomass‐derived levulinic acid under solid acid catalysis and treatment of the resulting angelica lactone with catalytic K2CO3 produces the angelica lactone dimer in excellent yield. This dimer serves as a novel feedstock for hydrodeoxygenation, which proceeds under relatively mild conditions with a combination of oxophilic metal and noble metal catalysts to yield branched C7–C10 hydrocarbons in the gasoline volatility range. Considering that levulinic acid is available in >80 % conversion from raw biomass, a field‐to‐tank yield of drop‐in, cellulosic gasoline of >60 % is possible.
Copper‐Catalyzed α‐Amination of Phosphonates and Phosphine Oxides: A Direct Approach to α‐Amino Phosphonic Acids and Derivatives
Authors: McDonald Stacey L. , Wang Qiu 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA direct approach to important α‐amino phosphonic acids and its derivatives has been developed by using copper‐catalyzed electrophilic amination of α‐phosphonate zincates with O‐acyl hydroxylamines. This amination provides the first example of CN bond formation which directly introduces acyclic and cyclic amines to the α‐position of phosphonates in one step. The reaction is readily promoted at room temperature with as little as 0.5 mol % of catalyst, and demonstrates high efficiency on a broad substrate scope.
Quadruple‐Resonance Magic‐Angle Spinning NMR Spectroscopy of Deuterated Solid Proteins
Authors: Akbey Ümit , Nieuwkoop Andrew J. , Wegner Sebastian , Voreck Anja , Kunert Britta , Bandara Priyanga , Engelke Frank , Nielsen Niels Chr. , Oschkinat Hartmut 
Published: January 2014

Abstract1H‐detected magic‐angle spinning NMR experiments facilitate structural biology of solid proteins, which requires using deuterated proteins. However, often amide protons cannot be back‐exchanged sufficiently, because of a possible lack of solvent exposure. For such systems, using 2H excitation instead of 1H excitation can be beneficial because of the larger abundance and shorter longitudinal relaxation time, T1, of deuterium. A new structure determination approach, “quadruple‐resonance NMR spectroscopy”, is presented which relies on an efficient 2H‐excitation and 2H‐13C cross‐polarization (CP) step, combined with 1H detection. We show that by using 2H‐excited experiments better sensitivity is possible on an SH3 sample recrystallized from 30 % H2O. For a membrane protein, the ABC transporter ArtMP in native lipid bilayers, different sets of signals can be observed from different initial polarization pathways, which can be evaluated further to extract structural properties.