bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Slot embedded dual‐band patch antenna for WLAN and WiMAX applications
Authors: Sharma A.K. , Mittal A. , Reddy B.V.R. 
Published: April 2015

A dual‐band, singly fed slotted microstrip antenna for the 2.4 GHz wireless local area network (WLAN) and 2.5/3.5 GHz worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) is implemented. The antenna consists of an aperture‐fed square patch embedded with a narrow and symmetrical π‐shaped slot to generate dual‐band resonance. The geometry resonates at a lower frequency band which fully covers the 2.4–2.484 GHz WLAN band and 2.5–2.69 GHz WiMAX band. The higher‐frequency resonance is obtained in the 3.5 GHz WiMAX band. An oval‐shaped stub at the open end of the single microstrip feed line is used to obtain impedance matching over a wide band of frequencies. The 10 dB return loss bandwidth measured for the antenna is 18.07 and 8.28% in the lower and upper bands, respectively. Reactive loading of the patch with the π‐shaped slot has resulted in a reduction of patch size by 36% when compared with a traditional square patch resonating at an operating frequency of 2.4 GHz.
75–500 MHz quadruple‐ridged horn antenna with dual polarisation
Authors: Shang Junping , Zhao Wei‐Jiang , Li Xinrong , Jia Xiuhan 
Published: April 2015

A dual‐polarised, quadruple‐ridged horn antenna with a coaxial feed operating over the frequency range of 75–500 MHz is presented. For the reduction of the antenna weight, a composite sandwich structure is used to build the antenna, which comprises solid aluminium and honeycomb materials. An adjustable shorting plate is put at the bottom of the antenna to prevent the occurrence of singularities created by standing waves. A Teflon plate is put at the centre position among the four symmetry ridges to mechanically support the huge antenna structure without breaking the symmetry of the ridges, leading to good electrical performance. Simulation and measured results are presented.
La synthèse des protéines par le ribosome
Authors: Macé Kevin , Giudice Emmanuel , Gillet Reynald 
Published: April 2015

La synthèse des protéines, également appelée traduction, est assurée dans chaque cellule par des machines moléculaires très sophistiquées : les ribosomes. Compte tenu de l’immense quantité de données biologiques à traiter, il arrive régulièrement que ces machines se bloquent et mettent en péril la survie de la cellule. Chez les bactéries, le principal processus de sauvetage des ribosomes bloqués est la trans-traduction. Il est assuré par un acide ribonucléique (ARN) hybride, l’ARN transfert-messager (ARNtm), associé à une petite protéine basique, SmpB (small protein B). Plusieurs autres systèmes de contrôle qualité ont récemment été mis en évidence, révélant un réseau de maintien de la survie cellulaire très sophistiqué. Cette machinerie du contrôle qualité de la synthèse protéique est une cible très prometteuse pour le développement de futurs antibiotiques.
Random sampling of skewed distributions implies Taylor’s power law of fluctuation scaling
Authors: Cohen Joel E. , Xu Meng 
Published: April 2015

SignificanceOne of the most widely confirmed empirical patterns in ecology is Taylor’s law (TL): The variance of population density is approximately a power-law function of the mean population density. We showed analytically that, when observations are randomly sampled in blocks from a single frequency distribution, the sample variance will be related to the sample mean by TL, and the parameters of TL can be predicted from the first four moments of the frequency distribution. The estimate of the exponent of TL is proportional to the skewness of the distribution. Random sampling suffices to explain the existence and predict the parameters of TL in well-defined circumstances relevant to some, but not all, published empirical examples of TL.
A cytosolic heat shock protein 90 and cochaperone CDC37 complex is required for RIP3 activation during necroptosis
Authors: Li Dianrong , Xu Tao , Cao Yang , Wang Huayi , Li Lin , Chen She , Wang Xiaodong , Shen Zhirong 
Published: April 2015

Significance
Necroptosis is a form of programmed necrotic cell death controlled by receptor-interacting protein kinase 3, RIP3. RIP3 exists in live cells as a latent form in the cytosol and is activated by death-inducing cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor. We report here that RIP3 activation requires Heat Shock Protein 90, HSP90, and its cochaperone protein CDC37. HSP90 inhibitors, currently under investigation in clinical trials for a variety of cancer indications, are capable of inhibiting necroptosis at concentrations below the clinically achieved concentration in patients’ sera. Since the components of the necroptosis pathway are being pursued as potential drug targets for many degenerative diseases, the finding described here revealed that there are already clinical stage molecules available to inhibit necroptosis.
Effects of Morphine and Midazolam on Pharyngeal Function, Airway Protection, and Coordination of Breathing and Swallowing in Healthy Adults
Authors: Hårdemark Cedborg Anna I. , Sundman Eva , Bodén Katarina , Hedström Hanne Witt , Kuylenstierna Richard , Ekberg Olle , Eriksson Lars I. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAbstract
By simultaneous recordings of breathing, videoradiography, and pharyngeal manometry in healthy adult volunteers, this study is the first to elucidate pharyngeal dysfunctions in conjunction with altered coordination between breathing and swallowing as possible mechanisms for pulmonary aspiration during sedation with midazolam or morphine.

Background:
Drugs used for sedation in anesthesia and intensive care may cause pharyngeal dysfunction and increased risk for aspiration. In this study, the authors investigate the impact of sedative doses of morphine and midazolam on pharyngeal function during swallowing and coordination of breathing and swallowing.

Methods:
Pharyngeal function, coordination of breathing and swallowing, and level of sedation were assessed by manometry, videoradiography, measurements of respiratory airflow, and a visual analog scale in 32 healthy volunteers (age 19 to 35 yr). After baseline recordings, morphine (0.1 mg/kg) or midazolam (0.05 mg/kg) was administered intravenously for 20 min, followed by recordings at 10 and 30 min after the end of infusion.

Results:
Pharyngeal dysfunction, seen as misdirected or incomplete swallowing or penetration of bolus to the airway, increased after morphine infusion to 42 and 44% of swallows compared with 17% in baseline recordings. Midazolam markedly increased incidence of pharyngeal dysfunction from 16 to 48% and 59%. Morphine prolonged apnea before swallowing, and midazolam increased the number of swallows followed by inspiration.

Conclusion:
Morphine and midazolam in dosages that produce sedation are associated with increased incidence of pharyngeal dysfunction and discoordinated breathing and swallowing, a combination impairing airway protection and potentially increasing the risk for pulmonary aspirations.
Xenon Treatment Protects against Remote Lung Injury after Kidney Transplantation in Rats
Authors: Zhao Hailin , Huang Han , Ologunde Rele , Lloyd Dafydd G. , Watts Helena , Vizcaychipi Marcela P. , Lian Qingquan , George Andrew J. T. , Ma Daqing 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAbstract
Xenon given to kidney transplant recipients after receiving the ischemic renal grafts decreased pulmonary damage and inflammation. The molecular mechanisms involved in the pulmonary protection are likely due to the mammalian target of rapamycin–hypoxia-inducible factor-1α pathway activation and the high-mobility group protein-1/Toll-like receptor-4/nuclear factor-κ B signaling pathway inhibition by xenon.

Background:
Ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) of renal grafts may cause remote organ injury including lungs. The authors aimed to evaluate the protective effect of xenon exposure against remote lung injury due to renal graft IRI in a rat renal transplantation model.

Methods:
For in vitro studies, human lung epithelial cell A549 was challenged with H2O2, tumor necrosis factor-α, or conditioned medium from human kidney proximal tubular cells (HK-2) after hypothermia–hypoxia insults. For in vivo studies, the Lewis renal graft was stored in 4°C Soltran preserving solution for 24 h and transplanted into the Lewis recipient, and the lungs were harvested 24 h after grafting. Cultured lung cells or the recipient after engraftment was exposed to 70% Xe or N2. Phospho (p)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), Bcl-2, high-mobility group protein-1 (HMGB-1), TLR-4, and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) expression, lung inflammation, and cell injuries were assessed.

Results:
Recipients receiving ischemic renal grafts developed pulmonary injury. Xenon treatment enhanced HIF-1α, which attenuated HMGB-1 translocation and NF-κB activation in A549 cells with oxidative and inflammatory stress. Xenon treatment enhanced p-mTOR, HIF-1α, and Bcl-2 expression and, in turn, promoted cell proliferation in the lung. Upon grafting, HMGB-1 translocation from lung epithelial nuclei was reduced; the TLR-4/NF-κB pathway was suppressed by xenon treatment; and subsequent tissue injury score (nitrogen vs. xenon: 26 ± 1.8 vs. 10.7 ± 2.6; n = 6) was significantly reduced.

Conclusion:
Xenon treatment confers protection against distant lung injury triggered by renal graft IRI, which is likely through the activation of mTOR-HIF-1α pathway and suppression of the HMGB-1 translocation from nuclei to cytoplasm.
Minimally Invasive Plate Osteosynthesis in Open Pediatric Tibial Fractures
Authors: Özkul Emin , Gem Mehmet , Arslan Hüseyin , Alemdar Celil , Azboy İbrahim , Arslan Seher G. 
Published: April 2015

Objectives:
The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness and reliability of limited-contact locking plates in minimally invasive percutaneous osteosynthesis (MIPO) of the lateral tibia.

Design:
A retrospective study.

Patients and Methods:
The retrospective study included 14 patients who were operatively treated with an MIPO technique due to open tibial fractures between 2006 and 2012. The patients were 11 males and 3 females with a mean age of 13.2 (range, 9 to 16) years. The patients were followed up for a mean period of 2.4 (range, 1 to 5) years. The mechanism of the injuries included a motor vehicle accident (n=11), a shotgun injury (n=2), and a fall from height (n=1). According to the Gustilo-Anderson classification, 10 patients had type I (72%), 2 had type II (14%), and 2 had type III (14%) open fractures.

Results:
The mean time to radiologic union was 18 (range, 11 to 32) weeks. No infection was detected that would require implant removal. No complications such as early epiphyseal closure, angulation, or limb-length inequality were observed.

Conclusions:
Limited-contact locking plates in MIPO of the lateral tibia is an effective alternative method in the treatment of open pediatric tibial fractures.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV—therapeutic.
Do Surgical Times and Efficiency Differ Between Inpatient and Ambulatory Surgery Centers That are Both Hospital Owned?
Authors: Kadhim Muayad , Gans Itai , Baldwin Keith , Flynn John , Ganley Theodore 
Published: April 2015

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to examine the differences in primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) surgical time and operation room (OR) work efficiency between inpatient and ambulatory facilities within the same institution.

Methods:
Patients studied included those who underwent primary ACLR at either the inpatient hospital or the ambulatory facility by a single orthopaedic surgeon on elective surgery days. Time variables were calculated for ACLR to compare the 2 facilities. The OR work efficiency was calculated as the percentage of work that was completed before mid-day that was determined by the midpoint of the surgical day at each facility.

Results:
Two hundred twenty-seven ACLR surgeries were performed on 187 elective surgery days, 153 surgeries at the inpatient facility and 74 at the outpatient facility. The mean age at the time of surgery was 14.9±2.2 years. The ACLR surgeries at the ambulatory facility were of shorter duration than those at the inpatient facility (P<0.0001). One OR was most commonly utilized and 2 to 3 surgeries were performed on most surgery days at both facilities. Seven nurses served as alternating circulators at the ambulatory facility compared with 41 nurses serving in the same capacity at the inpatient facility. The median turnover time was longer at the inpatient facility compared with the ambulatory facility. OR work efficiency (work done before mid-day) was 72.5% at the ambulatory facility and 49.5% at the inpatient facility, P<0.0001. If 2 ACLR surgeries were performed consecutively, the surgery day lasted for 6 hours at the hospital-owned ambulatory surgery center compared with 9 hours at the inpatient hospital.

Conclusions:
Despite the common variables of the same surgeon performing the same surgery at facilities owned by the same institution primarily working in a single OR, differences exist in OR procedure time and work efficiency.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Diode Laser-Assisted Endocanalicular Dacryocystorhinostomy: A Prospective Study
Authors: Schlachter Dianne M. , Richani Karina , Black Evan H. 
Published: April 2015

Purpose:
To evaluate the efficacy of the diode laser in endocanalicular dacryocystorhinostomy.

Methods:
A prospective, noncomparative, interventional case series using the diode laser for endocanalicular dacryocystorhinostomy in patients with tearing and nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Outcome measures included subjective tearing complaints and objective patency of the nasolacrimal system. Success was defined as improvement of symptoms with patency of nasolacrimal drainage. Patients were followed for 12 months. Institutional review board approval was obtained.

Results:
Forty eyes (28 unilateral, 6 bilateral) underwent surgery. Five cases were excluded because of inadequate follow-up. Patients ranged in age from 27 to 88 years (66.7 ± 15.7). Seventy-seven percent were female and 23% were male. At 1 week, 88% had improvement in tearing, 12% had no change or worsening of symptoms, and all patients were patent on irrigation. At 1 month, 86% had improvement, 14% had no change, and all patients were patent on irrigation. At 3 months, 83% had improvement and were patent on irrigation. Seventeen percent had no change or worsening with reflux and were considered failures. At 6 months, 77% had improvement and were patent on irrigation. Five additional patients had no change, reflux on exam and were failed surgeries. At 12 months, 74% had complete resolution and were patent. One additional patient failed. Nine surgeries in 35 cases were considered failures by 12 months.

Conclusions:
Subjective complaints of tearing correlated with patency of the nasolacrimal system after 3 months. A success rate of 74.3% (26 out of 35 cases) was observed by 12 months.
A combination of clinical parameters and blood–gas analysis identifies patients at risk of transfer to intensive care upon arrival to the Emergency Department
Authors: Bjørn Maria , Simonsen Jakúp W. , Mogensen Christian B. 
Published: April 2015

Objectives
Identifying patients at risk of transfer to the ICU upon arrival to the Emergency Department (ED) might direct early therapy and optimize transfers. However, among the many ED patients, it is difficult to pinpoint the few who insidiously deteriorate to an ICU-requiring level. The aim of this study was to identify predictors in background information, vital values and blood–gas analysis for transfer to ICU 3–36 h after arrival among nontrauma ED patients.

Methods
A case–control study of 10 007 acute adult patients admitted to ED within 1 year was carried out. The case group consisted of all ICU transfers 3–36 h after arrival who underwent blood–gas analysis and a similar control group not transferred to the ICU. Blood pressure, respiratory frequency, pulse rate, peripheral oxygen saturation and temperature, triage, height, weight, Glasgow Coma Score, drugs, alcohol, tobacco, age, sex, Charlson score and blood–gas results were analysed.

Results
A total of 49 medical and 33 surgical patients were transferred to the ICU. For medical cases, 2.3 and surgical cases 3.7 controls were included. For medical patients, low systolic blood pressure [odds ratio (OR) 14.4], elevated heart rate (OR 3.9), severe acidosis (OR 5.1) and hypercapnia (OR 8.4) and for surgical patients age 60–79 years (OR 6.3), low diastolic blood pressure (OR 2.7) and severe acidosis (OR 15.3) were associated significantly with later transfer to the ICU.

Conclusion
The predictors identified could be used as part of ED triage to identify high-risk patients for ICU. These findings should be examined in a well-designed prospective cohort study.
Influence of case-based e-learning on students’ performance in point-of-care ultrasound courses: a randomized trial
Authors: Hempel Dorothea , Sinnathurai Sivajini , Haunhorst Stephanie , Seibel Armin , Michels Guido , Heringer Frank , Recker Florian , Breitkreutz Raoul 
Published: April 2015

Background
Theoretical knowledge, visual perception, and sensorimotor skills are key elements in ultrasound education. Classroom-based presentations are used routinely to teach theoretical knowledge, whereas visual perception and sensorimotor skills typically require hands-on training (HT). We aimed to compare the effect of classroom-based lectures versus a case-based e-learning (based on clinical cases only) on the hands-on performance of trainees during an emergency ultrasound course.

Participants and methods
This is a randomized, controlled, parallel-group study. Sixty-two medical students were randomized into two groups [group 1 (G1) and group 2 (G2)]. G1 (n=29) was subjected to a precourse e-learning, based on 14 short screencasts (each 5 min), an on-site discussion (60 min), and a standardized HT session on the day of the course. G2 (n=31) received classroom-based presentations on the day of the course before an identical HT session. Both groups completed a multiple-choice (MC) pretest (test A), a practical postcourse test (objective structured clinical exam), and MC tests directly after the HT (test B) and 1 day after the course (test C). The Mann–Whitney U-test was used for statistical analysis.

Results
G1 performed markedly better in test A (median 84.2, 25%; 75% percentile: 68.5; 92.2) compared with G2 (65.8; 53.8; 80.4), who had not participated in case-based e-learning (P=0.0009). No differences were found in the objective structured clinical exam, test B, and test C.

Conclusion
e-learning exclusively based on clinical cases is an effective method of education in preparation for HT sessions and can reduce attendance time in ultrasound courses.
Evaluation of the Prevalence of Shielding in Patients Undergoing Conventional Radiological Procedures (1 Work Shift–1 X-ray Room)
Authors: Behroozi Hamid , Tahmasebi Marzieh , Mohebifar Behnam 
Published: April 2015

Objectives
This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of shielding in patients undergoing conventional radiological procedures (1 work shift–1 x-ray room).
The increased number of patients undergoing x-ray examinations has created a global concern due to the stochastic and nonstochastic association with x-ray exposure. Shielding is an efficient method of protecting radiosensitive organs when performing radiological examinations.

Materials and Methods
Thirty radiography students were sent to conventional radiology departments to act as observers in the control booth of an x-ray room when a radiological procedure was being performed.

Results
Of the 30 hospitals evaluated, 13% regarded shielding of radiosensitive organs. The prevalence of shielding in the hospitals where shielding of radiosensitive organs was implemented varied from 5.2% to 14%.

Conclusion
The results of this study showed that shielding of radiosensitive organs was not performed in the majority of hospitals. More studies are needed to establish the potential causes of low shielding prevalence.
If these findings, which were obtained over 1 work shift and in 1 x-ray room, are representative of a large number of medical imaging centers, this raises global concerns regarding shielding of radiosensitive organs, in particular gonad shielding.
Involuntary wellness programs: the case of a large US company
Authors: Secchi Davide , Bui Hong T.M. , Gamroth Kathleen 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate recent healthcare reform in the USA, which allows insurance companies to proactively intervene in improving the long-term health of employees, by providing wellness programs as part of their benefits package.Design/methodology/approach– The authors present and analyze data on how employees of a large US Midwest “media and education” company (n=154) perceive economic incentives toward well-being. Data are collected using survey methods and analyzed with a logistic regression.Findings– This study suggests that fairness, accessibility, intention to switch to a healthier lifestyle and desire to see more health-related initiatives affect the way employees seek to participate in the new involuntary wellness programs. By contrast, satisfaction, participation, and income to not affect how these new programs are perceived.Research limitations/implications– These findings suggest that human resource managers should pay attention to employees who are not active in existing wellness programs, and provide support during the transition toward the new involuntary programs, to avoid potential frustration, demotivation, disengagement and, ultimately, decreasing performance among employees.Originality/value– The study is among the first to analyze involuntary wellness programs in the USA, and it provides a basis on which to expand further studies. This research contributes to support the idea that employee wellness is unlikely to be enforced by rule or policy.
To be or not to be: an investigation of accounting students’ career intentions
Authors: Ahmad Zauwiyah , Ismail Hishamuddin , Anantharaman R. N. 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to study accounting students’ intentions to pursue their careers as accountants and modelling this within the context of Malaysian accounting education.

Design/methodology/approach
– Data were gathered via a questionnaire survey involving undergraduate accounting students. Factor analysis, independent sample t-tests, and multiple regressions were employed.

Findings
– In total, four findings were derived from this study. First, within the undergraduate accounting programmes, non-commitment towards the accounting profession can still exist. Second, intrinsic interest is a significant predictor of career intentions. Third, the influence of anticipated conflict provides a new finding in relation to accounting students’ career intentions. The last finding is concerned with the influence of internship experience on students’ career intentions.

Research limitations/implications
– It was assumed that differences detected between the accounting student cohorts reflect changes over time in students’ intentions.

Practical implications
– Suggestions that have been previously put forward in efforts to market the accounting profession were mainly focused on promoting the extrinsic rewards. However, findings from this study suggested that sole focus on extrinsic rewards is not enough to warrant commitment towards the profession. Instead, marketing efforts should also focus on intrinsic values of the profession.

Originality/value
– The study has provided evidence that anticipated conflict should be given more attention by accounting researchers. Although students’ career intentions seemed to become clearer and more uniform as they progressed with their studies, two issues remain to be addressed by education institutions and accounting professional bodies, namely anticipated conflict and the conduct of internship programme.