bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immediate loading short implants inserted on low bone quantity for the rehabilitation of the edentulous maxilla using an All‐on‐4 design
Authors: Maló P. , de Araújo Nobre M. A. , Lopes A. V. , Rodrigues R. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryMore studies evaluating the outcome of short‐length dental implants in immediate loading are needed. To evaluate the use of short‐length tapered implants in immediate loading for complete edentulous maxillae rehabilitations using an All‐on‐4 design. This retrospective clinical study included a cohort of 43 patients with 172 implants (74 short‐length implants) inserted in low bone quantity. The patients were followed between 4 months and 6 years (average = 3 years). Outcome measures were implant survival, marginal bone remodelling, biological and mechanical complications. Two patients with four short‐length implants were lost to follow‐up during the first year. Three short and three long implants failed in four patients, rendering an overall cumulative survival rate implant and patient level, respectively, of 95·7% and 95·1% for short implants, 100% for regular implants and 96·6% and 95·2% for long implants. The average marginal bone remodelling at 1 and 3 years was 0·97 and 1·25 mm for the short implants, 0·82 and 0·87 mm for regular implants and 0·87 and 0·98 mm for long implants. Three patients presented 4 short‐length implants with peri‐implant pockets (3 implants in 2 patients were pseudo‐pockets). Mechanical complications were registered in 13 patients (7 provisional prostheses fractures and 6 abutment screw loosening). All complications were treated successfully. Within the limitations of this clinical study, the short‐term outcome of fixed prosthetic complete edentulous maxillae rehabilitations supported by short‐length implants inserted in low bone quantity areas is viable. Long‐term clinical studies are necessary for evaluating the outcome of these implants.
Physicians' attitudes toward medical screening in a dental setting
Authors: Greenberg Barbara L. , Thomas Pauline A. , Glick Michael , Kantor Mel L. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractObjectivesWe assessed primary care physicians' attitudes toward medical screening in a dental setting.MethodsA 5‐point Likert scale (1 = very important/willing, 5 = very unimportant/unwilling) survey was mailed to a nationwide sample of primary care physicians in the United States. Descriptive statistics were used for all questions, and the Friedman nonparametric analysis of variance was used for multipart questions.ResultsOf 1,508 respondents, the majority felt it was valuable for dentists to conduct screening for cardiovascular disease (61 percent), hypertension (77 percent), diabetes mellitus (71 percent), and HIV infection (64 percent). Respondents were willing to discuss results with the dentist (76 percent), accept patient referrals (89 percent), and felt it was unimportant that the medical referral came from a dentist rather than a physician (52 percent). The most important consideration was patient willingness (mean rank 2.55), and the least important was duplication of roles (mean rank 3.52). Level of dentist's training was significantly (P < 0.05) more important than duplication of roles and reimbursement (mean ranks 2.84, 3.52, and 3.14, respectively), and significantly less important than patient willingness (mean rank 2.55).ConclusionsPrimary care physicians considered chairside medical screening in a dental setting to be valuable and worthwhile.
Mating type‐dependent partner sensing as mediated by VEL1 in Trichoderma reesei
Authors: Bazafkan Hoda , Dattenböck Christoph , Böhmdorfer Stefan , Tisch Doris , Stappler Eva , Schmoll Monika 
Published: March 2015

SummarySexual development in the filamentous model ascomycete Trichoderma reesei (syn. Hypocrea jecorina) was described only a few years ago. In this study, we show a novel role for VELVET in fungi, which links light response, development and secondary metabolism. Vel1 is required for mating in darkness, normal growth and conidiation. In light, vel1 was dispensable for male fertility but essential for female fertility in both mating types. VEL1 impacted regulation of the pheromone system (hpr1, hpr2, hpp1, ppg1) in a mating type‐dependent manner and depending on the mating partner of a given strain. These partner effects only occurred for hpp1 and hpr2, the pheromone precursor and receptor genes associated with the MAT1‐2 mating type and for the mating type gene mat1‐2‐1. Analysis of secondary metabolite patterns secreted by wild type and mutants under asexual and sexual conditions revealed that even in the wild type, the patterns change upon encounter of a mating partner, with again distinct differences for wild type and vel1 mutants. Hence, T. reesei applies a language of pheromones and secondary metabolites to communicate with mating partners and that this communication is at least in part mediated by VEL1.
DNABII proteins play a central role in UPEC biofilm structure
Authors: Devaraj Aishwarya , Justice Sheryl S. , Bakaletz Lauren O. , Goodman Steven D. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryMost chronic and recurrent bacterial infections involve a biofilm component, the foundation of which is the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). Extracellular DNA (eDNA) is a conserved and key component of the EPS of pathogenic biofilms. The DNABII protein family includes integration host factor (IHF) and histone‐like protein (HU); both are present in the extracellular milieu. We have shown previously that the DNABII proteins are often found in association with eDNA and are critical for the structural integrity of bacterial communities that utilize eDNA as a matrix component. Here, we demonstrate that uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strain UTI89 incorporates eDNA within its biofilm matrix and that the DNABII proteins are not only important for biofilm growth, but are limiting; exogenous addition of these proteins promotes biofilm formation that is dependent on eDNA. In addition, we show that both subunits of IHF, yet only one subunit of HU (HupB), are critical for UPEC biofilm development. We discuss the roles of these proteins in context of the UPEC EPS.
Does response selection contribute to inhibition of return?
Authors: Wascher Edmund , Schneider Daniel , Hoffmann Sven 
Published: March 2015

AbstractInhibition of return (IOR) means delayed responses for targets at a cued compared to targets at an uncued location. It is assumed to reflect delayed reallocation of attention toward a previously attended location. Besides an attentional mechanism, IOR could also be due to a cue‐evoked inhibition to respond toward a cued target. In the present study, IOR with simple, compatible, and incompatible choice responses was compared and tracked by means of event‐related EEG activity. IOR was amplified with simple responses but did not differ between compatible and incompatible responses. Attention‐related ERP correlates were constant across cue target onset asynchronies as were, in part, behavioral effects. Early, rather sensory ERP components varied with time, reflecting sensory or attentional interaction of cue and target processing. None of these effects varied with response requirements, indicating that response selection does not contribute to IOR in manual choice response tasks.
Did the Gamemakers Fix the Lottery in the Hunger Games?
Authors: Caudle Kyle , Daniels Erica 
Published: March 2015

SummaryThe Hunger Games is an annual event in the fictional country of Panem. Each year, 24 children (tributes) are chosen by lottery from 12 districts to fight to the death in the arena for the entertainment of the Capitol citizens. Using statistical analysis and computer simulations, we will explore the possibility that the Gamemakers, those in charge of planning the Hunger Games, fixed the lottery. Using the fictitious data from Suzanne Collins' book the Hunger Games, we show how students can learn how to perform a permutation goodness of fit test.
Genome‐guided investigation of plant natural product biosynthesis
Authors: Kellner Franziska , Kim Jeongwoon , Clavijo Bernardo J. , Hamilton John P. , Childs Kevin L. , Vaillancourt Brieanne , Cepela Jason , Habermann Marc , Steuernagel Burkhard , Clissold Leah , McLay Kirsten , Buell Carol Robin , O'Connor Sarah E. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryThe medicinal plant Madagascar periwinkle, Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don, produces hundreds of biologically active monoterpene‐derived indole alkaloid (MIA) metabolites and is the sole source of the potent, expensive anti‐cancer compounds vinblastine and vincristine. Access to a genome sequence would enable insights into the biochemistry, control, and evolution of genes responsible for MIA biosynthesis. However, generation of a near‐complete, scaffolded genome is prohibitive to small research communities due to the expense, time, and expertise required. In this study, we generated a genome assembly for C. roseus that provides a near‐comprehensive representation of the genic space that revealed the genomic context of key points within the MIA biosynthetic pathway including physically clustered genes, tandem gene duplication, expression sub‐functionalization, and putative neo‐functionalization. The genome sequence also facilitated high resolution co‐expression analyses that revealed three distinct clusters of co‐expression within the components of the MIA pathway. Coordinated biosynthesis of precursors and intermediates throughout the pathway appear to be a feature of vinblastine/vincristine biosynthesis. The C. roseus genome also revealed localization of enzyme‐rich genic regions and transporters near known biosynthetic enzymes, highlighting how even a draft genome sequence can empower the study of high‐value specialized metabolites.
Efficacy and safety of deferasirox estimated by serum ferritin and labile plasma iron levels in patients with aplastic anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, or acute myeloid leukemia with transfusional iron overload
Authors: Kim Il‐Hwan , Moon Joon‐Ho , Lim Sung‐Nam , Sohn Sang‐Kyun , Kim Hoon‐Gu , Lee Gyeong‐Won , Kim Yang‐Soo , Lee Ho‐Sup , Kwon Ki‐Young , Kim Sung‐Hyun , Park Kyung‐Tae , Chung Joo‐Seop , Lee Won‐Sik , Lee Sang‐Min , Hyun Myung‐Soo , Kim Hawk , Ryoo Hun‐Mo , Bae Sung‐Hwa , Joo Young‐Don 
Published: March 2015

BACKGROUNDPatients receiving red blood cell (RBC) transfusions are at risk of iron overload, which can cause significant organ damage and is an important cause of morbidity and mortality.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThis study was an open‐label, single‐arm, prospective clinical study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of deferasirox (DFX) in patients with aplastic anemia (AA), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), or acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Patients with serum ferritin levels of at least 1000 ng/mL and ongoing transfusion requirements were enrolled. DFX was administered for up to 1 year. A total of 100 patients were enrolled.RESULTSSerum ferritin levels decreased significantly following treatment (from 2000 to 1650 ng/mL, p = 0.004). The median absolute reduction in serum ferritin levels was −65 ng/mL in AA (p = 0.037), −647 ng/mL in lower‐risk MDS (MDS‐LR; p = 0.007), and −552 ng/mL in higher‐risk MDS (MDS‐HR)/AML (p = 0.482). Mean labile plasma iron (LPI) levels decreased from 0.24 μmol/L at baseline to 0.03 μmol/L at 1 year in all patients (p = 0.036). The mean LPI reduction in each group was −0.17 μmol/L in AA, −0.21 μmol/L in MDS‐LR, and −0.30 μmol/L in MDS‐HR/AML. Gastrointestinal disorders were commonly observed among groups (16.0%). DFX was temporarily skipped for adverse events in seven patients (7.0%) and was permanently discontinued in 11 patients (11.0%).CONCLUSIONDFX reduced serum ferritin and LPI levels in patients with transfusional iron overload. Despite the relatively high percentage of gastrointestinal side effects, DFX was tolerable in all subgroups.
Dual roles of autologous CD8+ T cells in hematopoietic progenitor cell mobilization and engraftment
Authors: Russell Athena , Malik Sunita , Litzow Mark , Gastineau Dennis , Roy Vivek , Zubair Abba C. 
Published: March 2015

BACKGROUNDPoor marrow cellularity alone cannot explain poor hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) mobilization. This study assessed the role of CD8+ T cells in HPC cell mobilization and engraftment.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSMobilization and engraftment were assessed in 192 autologous HPC donors. CD34+, CD4+, and CD8+ T‐cell contents in apheresis products were evaluated. Using a chemotaxis assay, we assessed the effect of purified autologous CD8+ T cells from low and high mobilizers on HPC migration from high to low stromal cell–derived factor (SDF‐1α) concentration gradients. We also assessed CD8+ T‐cell content association with days to neutrophil engraftment.RESULTSThe median number of CD34+ cells/kg was 4.7 × 106. Patients were categorized according to their total CD34+ cell collection quartile distribution into low, moderate, and high mobilizers. We found that HPC products from low mobilizers contained more CD8+ T cells than HPC products from moderate and high mobilizers. Chemotaxis assays showed depletion of CD8+ T cells enhances HPC mobilization independent of SDF‐1α concentration. Neutrophil engraftment analysis showed that the higher the CD8+ T‐cell content per unit CD34+ cell, the faster the rate of engraftment.CONCLUSIONOur findings suggest CD8+ T cells inhibit HPC mobilization and facilitate homing and engraftment.
Easier said than done: ABO compatibility and D matching in apheresis platelet transfusions
Authors: Dunbar Nancy M. , Katus Matthew C. , Freeman Christine M. , Szczepiorkowski Zbigniew M. 
Published: March 2015

BACKGROUNDMany hospital transfusion services prioritize ABO plasma compatibility in platelet (PLT) transfusion to minimize risk for acute hemolytic transfusion reactions. In spite of the low risk of D alloimmunization associated with apheresis PLT transfusion, attempts may also be made to provide D– PLTs to D– patients. This study was undertaken to assess how often ABO compatibility and/or D matching occurs at our institution and how the ABO and D mix of our PLT supply impacts PLT selection.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWe retrospectively reviewed the ABO and D type of all PLTs transfused plus the age, sex, and ABO and D type of all PLT recipients between January 2010 and March 2014 (51 months).RESULTSWe provided ABO‐identical PLTs for 5281 (54.6%), ABO plasma–compatible and cellular‐incompatible for 3136 (32.4%), ABO low‐titer plasma‐incompatible and cellular‐compatible for 1150 (11.9%), ABO plasma–incompatible and cellular‐compatible for 30 (0.3%), and ABO plasma–incompatible and cellular‐incompatible for 72 (0.7%). PLT supply did not match PLT demand based on patient ABO type, primarily due to a lower than expected supply of group O PLTs and higher than expected supply of group A and AB. D– patients were less likely to receive ABO‐identical PLT transfusions (p = 0.0008), but were more likely to receive D– PLT transfusions (p < 0.0001).CONCLUSIONAt our hospital, available inventory and PLT selection practices resulted in the majority of group O patients receiving cellular‐incompatible PLT transfusions. Efforts to provide D– PLTs to D– patients also resulted in fewer D– patients receiving ABO‐identical PLT transfusions.
Skeletal muscle oxidative capacity in patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Erickson Melissa L. , Seigler Nichole , McKie Kathleen T. , McCully Kevin K. , Harris Ryan A. 
Published: March 2015

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
Do patients with cystic fibrosis have reduced skeletal muscle oxidative capacity, measured with near‐infrared spectroscopy, compared with demographically matched control subjects?

What is the main finding and is its importance?
Patients with cystic fibrosis have impairments in skeletal muscle oxidative capacity. This reduced skeletal muscle oxidative capacity not only appears to be accelerated by age, but it may also contribute to exercise intolerance in patients with cystic fibrosis.

Exercise intolerance predicts mortality in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF); however, the mechanisms have yet to be elucidated fully. Using near‐infrared spectroscopy, in this study we compared skeletal muscle oxidative capacity in patients with CF versus healthy control subjects. Thirteen patients and 16 demographically matched control subjects participated in this study. Near‐infrared spectroscopy was used to measure the recovery rate of oxygen consumption () of the vastus lateralis muscle after 15 s of electrical stimulation (4 Hz) and subsequent repeated transient arterial occlusions. The was reduced in patients with CF (1.82 ± 0.4 min−1) compared with control subjects (2.13 ± 0.5 min−1, P = 0.04). A significant inverse relationship between age and was observed in patients with CF (r = −0.676, P = 0.011) but not in control subjects (r = −0.291, P = 0.274). Patients with CF exhibit a reduction in skeletal muscle oxidative capacity compared with control subjects. It appears that the reduced skeletal muscle oxidative capacity is accelerated by age and could probably contribute to exercise intolerance in patients with CF.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Gyrase Inhibitors as a New Class of Antitubercular Drugs
Authors: Blanco Delia , Perez-Herran Esther , Cacho Mónica , Ballell Lluís , Castro Julia , González del Río Rubén , Lavandera José Luis , Remuiñán Modesto J. , Richards Cindy , Rullas Joaquin , Vázquez-Muñiz María Jesús , Woldu Ermias , Zapatero-González María Cleofé , Angulo-Barturen Iñigo , Mendoza Alfonso , Barros David 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT

One way to speed up the TB drug discovery process is to search for antitubercular activity among compound series that already possess some of the key properties needed in anti-infective drug discovery, such as whole-cell activity and oral absorption. Here, we present MGIs, a new series of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
gyrase inhibitors, which stem from the long-term efforts GSK has dedicated to the discovery and development of novel bacterial topoisomerase inhibitors (NBTIs). The compounds identified were found to be devoid of fluoroquinolone (FQ) cross-resistance and seem to operate through a mechanism similar to that of the previously described NBTI GSK antibacterial drug candidate. The remarkable
in vitro
and
in vivo
antitubercular profiles showed by the hits has prompted us to further advance the MGI project to full lead optimization.
In Vitro
Antibacterial Activity of the Ceftazidime-Avibactam Combination against Enterobacteriaceae, Including Strains with Well-Characterized β-Lactamases
Authors: Levasseur Premavathy , Girard Anne-Marie , Miossec Christine , Pace John , Coleman Ken 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT

The novel β-lactamase inhibitor avibactam is a potent inhibitor of class A, class C, and some class D enzymes. The
in vitro
antibacterial activity of the ceftazidime-avibactam combination was determined for a collection of
Enterobacteriaceae
clinical isolates; this collection was enriched for resistant strains, including strains with characterized serine β-lactamases. The inhibitor was added either at fixed weight ratios to ceftazidime or at fixed concentrations, with the latter type of combination consistently resulting in greater potentiation of antibacterial activity. In the presence of 4 μg/ml of avibactam, the ceftazidime MIC
50
and MIC
90
(0.25 and 2 μg/ml, respectively) were both below the CLSI breakpoint for ceftazidime. Further comparisons with reference antimicrobial agents were performed using this fixed inhibitor concentration. Against most ceftazidime-susceptible and -nonsusceptible isolates, the addition of avibactam resulted in a significant increase in ceftazidime activity, with MICs generally reduced 256-fold for extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producers, 8- to 32-fold for CTX-M producers, and >128-fold for KPC producers. Overall, MICs of a ceftazidime-avibactam combination were significantly lower than those of the comparators piperacillin-tazobactam, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, and cefepime and similar or superior to those of imipenem.
Lung Concentrations of Ceftazidime Administered by Continuous versus Intermittent Infusion in Patients with Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia
Authors: Cousson Joël , Floch Thierry , Guillard Thomas , Vernet Véronique , Raclot Pascal , Wolak-Thierry Aurore , Jolly Damien 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT

Ceftazidime is a beta-lactam compound that exerts a time-dependent bactericidal effect. Numerous arguments are in favor of continuous administration of ceftazidime, both for reasons of clinical efficacy and to preserve bacteriological mutation. We report a prospective, single-center, parallel-group, randomized, controlled trial comparing two modes of administration of ceftazidime, namely, continuous administration (loading dose of 20 mg/kg of body weight followed by 60 mg/kg/day) versus intermittent administration (20 mg/kg over 30 min every 8 h) in 34 patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia due to Gram-negative bacilli. The study was performed over 48 h with 13 and 18 assessments of serum ceftazidime in the continuous-infusion group (group A) and the intermittent-fusion group (group B), respectively. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed at steady state in both groups at 44 h to determine ceftazidime levels in the epithelial lining fluid. We chose a predefined threshold of 20 mg/liter for serum concentrations of ceftazidime because of ecological conditions in our center. The median time above 20 mg/liter (
T
>20 mg) was 100% in group A versus 46% in group B. In group A, 14/17 patients had 100%
T
>20 mg, versus only 1/17 patients in group B. In the epithelial lining fluid, the median concentration of ceftazidime was 12 mg/liter in group A versus 6 mg/liter in group B. A threshold of 8 mg/liter in the epithelial lining fluid was achieved twice as often in group A as in group B. This study of ceftazidime concentrations in the epithelial lining fluid indicates that continuous infusion presents advantages in terms of pharmacodynamics and predictable efficacy in patients presenting ventilator-associated pneumonia.