bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of rs2237781 withinGRM8in eating behavior
Authors: Gast Marie‐Therese , Tönjes Anke , Keller Maria , Horstmann Annette , Steinle Nanette , Scholz Markus , Müller Ines , Villringer Arno , Stumvoll Michael , Kovacs Peter , Böttcher Yvonne 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIntroduction:Theglutamate receptor,metabotropic 8gene (GRM8) encodes a G‐protein‐coupled glutamate receptor and has been associated with smoking behavior and liability to alcoholism implying a role in addiction vulnerability. Data from animal studies suggest thatGRM8may be involved in the regulation of the neuropeptide Y and melanocortin pathways and might influence food intake and metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the genetic variant rs2237781 withinGRM8on human eating behavior.Methods:The initial analysis included 548 Sorbs from Germany who have been extensively phenotyped for metabolic traits and who completed the German version of the three‐factor eating questionnaire. In addition, we analyzed two independent sample sets comprising 293 subjects from another German cohort and 430 Old Order Amish individuals. Genetic associations with restraint, disinhibition, and hunger were assessed in an additive linear regression model.Results:Among the Sorbs the major G allele of rs2237781 was significantly associated with increased restraint scores in eating behavior (P = 1.9 × 10−4;β = +1.936). The German cohort and the Old Order Amish population revealed a trend in the same direction for restraint (P = 0.242;β = +0.874;P = 0.908;β = +0.096; respectively). A meta‐analysis resulted in a combinedP = 3.1 × 10−3(Z‐score 2.948).Conclusion:Our data suggest that rs2237781 withinGRM8may influence human eating behavior factors probably via pathways involved in addictive behavior.
Environmental effects on molecular and phenotypic variation in populations of Eruca sativa across a steep climatic gradient
Authors: Westberg Erik , Ohali Shachar , Shevelevich Anatoly , Fine Pinchas , Barazani Oz 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn Israel Eruca sativa has a geographically narrow distribution across a steep climatic gradient that ranges from mesic Mediterranean to hot desert environments. These conditions offer an opportunity to study the influence of the environment on intraspecific genetic variation. For this, we combined an analysis of neutral genetic markers with a phenotypic evaluation in common‐garden experiments, and environmental characterization of populations that included climatic and edaphic parameters, as well as geographic distribution. A Bayesian clustering of individuals from nine representative populations based on amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) divided the populations into a southern and a northern geographic cluster, with one admixed population at the geographic border between them. Linear mixed models, with cluster added as a grouping factor, revealed no clear effects of environment or geography on genetic distances, but this may be due to a strong association of geography and environment with genetic clusters. However, environmental factors accounted for part of the phenotypic variation observed in the common‐garden experiments. In addition, candidate loci for selection were identified by association with environmental parameters and by two outlier methods. One locus, identified by all three methods, also showed an association with trichome density and herbivore damage, in net‐house and field experiments, respectively. Accordingly, we propose that because trichomes are directly linked to defense against both herbivores and excess radiation, they could potentially be related to adaptive variation in these populations. These results demonstrate the value of combining environmental and phenotypic data with a detailed genetic survey when studying adaptation in plant populations.
A critical examination of seismic response uncertainty analysis in earthquake engineering
Authors: Bradley Brendon A. 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYThe last decade of performance‐based earthquake engineering (PBEE) research has seen a rapidly increasing emphasis placed on the explicit quantification of uncertainties. This paper examines uncertainty consideration in input ground‐motion and numerical seismic response analyses as part of PBEE, with particular attention given to the physical consistency and completeness of uncertainty consideration. It is argued that the use of the commonly adopted incremental dynamic analysis leads to a biased representation of the seismic intensity and that when considering the number of ground motions to be used in seismic response analyses, attention should be given to both reducing parameter estimation uncertainty and also limiting ground‐motion selection bias. Research into uncertainties in system‐specific numerical seismic response analysis models to date has been largely restricted to the consideration of ‘low‐level’ constitutive model parameter uncertainties. However, ‘high‐level’ constitutive model and model methodology uncertainties are likely significant and therefore represent a key research area in the coming years. It is also argued that the common omission of high‐level seismic response analysis modelling uncertainties leads to a fallacy that ground‐motion uncertainty is more significant than numerical modelling uncertainty. The author's opinion of the role of uncertainty analysis in PBEE is also presented. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of semi‐distributed hydrological model for basin level water balance of the Ken basin of Central India
Authors: Murty P. S. , Pandey Ashish , Suryavanshi Shakti 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn the present study, a semi‐distributed hydrological model soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) has been employed for the Ken basin of Central India to predict the water balance. The entire basin was divided into ten sub basins comprising 107 hydrological response units on the basis of unique slope, soil and land cover classes using SWAT model. Sensitivity analysis of SWAT model was performed to examine the critical input variables of the study area. For Ken basin, curve number, available water capacity, soil depth, soil evaporation compensation factor and threshold depth of water in the shallow aquifer (GWQ_MN) were found to be the most sensitive parameters. Yearly and monthly calibration (1985–1996) and validation (1997–2009) were performed using the observed discharge data of the Banda site in the Ken basin. Performance evaluation of the model was carried out using coefficient of determination, Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency, root mean square error‐observations standard deviation ratio, percent bias and index of agreement criterion. It was found that SWAT model can be successfully applied for hydrological evaluation of the Ken basin, India. The water balance analysis was carried out to evaluate water balance of the Ken basin for 25 years (1985–2009). The water balance exhibited that the average annual rainfall in the Ken basin is about 1132 mm. In this, about 23% flows out as surface run‐off, 4% as groundwater flow and about 73% as evapotranspiration. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Pedagogical Potential of Video Remix
Authors: Burwell Catherine 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAppropriation, transformation and remix are increasingly recognized as significant aspects of digital literacy. This article considers how one form of digital remix – the video remix – might be used in classrooms to introduce critical conversations about representation, appropriation, creativity and copyright. The first half of the article explores the opportunities that remix presents to reflect on mainstream media ideologies, emerging modes of collaborative creativity, and the complexities of intellectual property. The second half illustrates this potential by examining the use of one popular video remix, Buffy vs. Edward, in a secondary school English class and an undergraduate popular culture course. Throughout, the article argues that critical discussion of digital texts and practices opens up the possibilities for students to analyze their everyday lived media experience. This is an important undertaking in a context in which young people's identities and world views are increasingly shaped through digital texts and interactions.
Effects of metal binding on solubility and resistance of physiological prions depend on tissues and glycotypes
Authors: Kuczius Thorsten , Kelsch Reinhard 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTPrion diseases entail the conversion of a normal host‐encoded prion protein (PrPC) into an infectious isoform (PrPSc). Various PrPC types differing in banding profiles and detergent solubility are present in different tissues, but only few PrPSc types have been generated although PrPC acts as substrate. We hypothesize that distinct PrPC subtypes may be converted more efficiently to PrPSc than others. One prerequisite for the analysis is the identification of the PrPC subtypes present in the protein complexes. Metal binding to PrPC is one of the most prominent features of the protein which induces increased proteolysis resistance and structural changes which might play an important role in the conversion process. Here we analyzed the metal‐induced structural PrPC transformation of two different Triton X‐100 soluble PrPC types derived from human platelets and brains by changes in protein solubility. We found that zinc and copper rendered approximately half of total PrPC and mainly un‐ and low‐glycosylated PrPC to the Triton insoluble fraction. Our results indicate the presence of at least two distinct PrPC subtypes by metal interactions. The differentiation of high and low soluble metal bound PrPC offers precious information about PrPC protein composition and provides approaches for analyzing the transformation efficiency to PrPSc. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 2690–2698, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Quantum Chemical Study of the Abnormal Reactivity of 2‐Methoxyfuran
Authors: Simmie John M. , Somers Kieran P. , Yasunaga Kenji , Curran Henry J. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThe gas‐phase pyrolytic and oxidative chemistry of furans has received much attention recently because of their potential as platform chemicals and biofuels. Typically these compounds exhibit very strong ring carbon to H or CH3 bonds. 2‐Methoxyfuran had been reported to be exceptionally unstable in comparison to related substituted heterocycles in pyrolytic experiments. The origins of its reactivity are shown to be due to the very weak O–CH3, which at 189.5 ± 1.9 kJ mol−1 is some 200 kJ mol−1 weaker than C–H bonds in the molecule. We show that the reported reactivity is somewhat overestimated but that does not alter the fact that 2‐methoxyfuran is exceptionally unstable. It may prove to be a useful alternative to azomethane as a thermal source of methyl radicals.
Bayesian subset analysis in a colorectal cancer clinical trial
Authors: Dixon Dennis O. , Simon Richard 
Published: June 2013

AbstractSubset analysis is the examination of treatment comparisons within groups of patients with restricted levels of patient characteristics. Such analyses are vulnerable to multiplicity effects. We examine the problem in the context of a proportional hazards model with terms for treatment, each of several dichotomous covariates representing the patient characteristics of interest, and treatment‐by‐covariate interaction effects. Parametrically, a subset‐specific treatment effect is equal to the treatment effect term plus a linear combination of the interaction terms. We present Bayesian point and interval estimates under the assumption that the interaction terms are exchangeable and the prior distributions for the other regression parameters are locally uniform. This produces a shrinking of the estimated interaction effects towards zero, thereby discounting them and dealing in a natural way with multiplicity. We illustrate the method using results of a recent North Central Cancer Treatment Group/Mayo Clinic study in advanced colorectal cancer.
Interim analyses for monitoring clinical trials that do not materially affect the type I error rate
Authors: Gould A. Lawrence 
Published: June 2013

AbstractMonitoring clinical trials often requires examining the interim findings to see if the sample size originally specified in the protocol will provide the required power against the null hypothesis when the alternative hypothesis is true, and to increase the sample size if necessary. This paper presents a new method, based on the overall response rate, for carrying out interim power evaluations when the observations have binomial distributions, without unblinding the treatment assignments or materially affecting the type I error rate. Simulation study results confirm the performance of the method.
An annotated bibliography of methods for analysing correlated categorical data
Authors: Ashby M. , Neuhaus J. M. , Hauck W. W. , Bacchetti P. , Heilbron D. C. , Jewell N. P. , Segal M. R. , Fusaro R. E. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis paper provides an annotated bibliography of over 100 articles concerning methods for analysing correlated categorical response data. Most of the papers listed here concern categorical regression models and estimation, with particular emphasis on binary responses. The papers are classified by several characteristics which group them according to common themes. The bibliography serves as a reference of methods for analysts of correlated categorical data, as well as for persons interested in methodologic work in this active area of statistical research.
The nonlinear problem of a gliding body with gravity
Authors: Semenov Y. A. , Wu G. X. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAnalysis based on the velocity potential free flow theory with the fully nonlinear boundary condition is made for the steady flow generated by a body gliding along a free surface. Employing the integral hodograph method, we derive analytical expressions for the complex velocity and for the derivative of the complex potential with the coordinate of a parameter plane. The boundary value problem is transformed into a system of two integro-differential equations for the velocity modulus on the free surface and for the slope of the wetted body surface in the parameter plane. The same slope and curvature of the free surface and the body surface at the intersection are adopted to determine the separation points of the flow and from the body. Numerical results are provided for a gliding flat plate and a circular cylinder. The pressure distribution along the body and the free surface shape are presented for a wide range of Froude numbers, within the limit for which the solution corresponding to non-breaking waves downstream can be obtained.
Buellia subericola, a new species with triseptate ascospores from the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: GIRALT Mireia , VAN DEN BOOM Pieter P. G. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBuellia subericola,a new corticolous species characterized by a brown, blastidiate thallus without secondary chemistry and triseptate to occasionally submuriform ascospores, is described from the southern Iberian Peninsula. The species occurs onQuercus suberin grass-woodlands of cork-oak in the mesomediterranean belt with a warm mediterranean climate and oceanic influence. It is compared with other knownBuellias. lat. taxa which also reproduce asexually and have similar ascospores.
Further species diversity in Neotropical Oropogon (Lecanoromycetes: Parmeliaceae) in Central America
Authors: LEAVITT Steven D. , ESSLINGER Theodore L. , NELSEN Matthew P. , LUMBSCH H. Thorsten 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe new species Oropogon evernicus Essl. & S. Leavitt and O. protocetraricus S. Leavitt & Essl. are described from montane regions of Central America, further increasing the diversity of this genus in the New World. Oropogon evernicus is separated from O. americanus by the presence of medullary tissue directly beneath the pseudocyphellae, while O. protocetraricus is separated from O. caespitosus by the presence of protocetraric acid. The segregation of both species is confirmed by molecular sequence data (nuclear ITS, nuLSU, and β-tubulin). Both species appear to have split from their most recent common ancestor during the Miocene, supporting Miocene-dominated diversification of neotropical Oropogon species found in Central America.
The complexity-cost factor in bilingualism
Authors: Festman Julia 
Published: June 2013

AbstractLanguage processing changes with the knowledge and use of two languages. The advantage of being bilingual comes at the expense of increased processing demands and processing costs. I suggest considering bilingual complexity including these demands and costs. The proposed model claims effortless monolingual processing. By integrating individual and situational variability, the model would lose its idealistic touch, even for monolinguals.
An ecological alternative to a “sad response”: Public language use transcends the boundaries of the skin
Authors: Fowler Carol A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractEmbedding theories of language production and comprehension in theories of action-perception is realistic and highlights that production and comprehension processes are interleaved. However, layers of internal models that repeatedly predict future linguistic actions and perceptions are implausible. I sketch an ecological alternative whereby perceiver/actors are modeled as dynamical systems coupled to one another and to the environment.
“Well, that's one way”: Interactivity in parsing and production
Authors: Howes Christine , Healey Patrick G. T. , Eshghi Arash , Hough Julian 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe present empirical evidence from dialogue that challenges some of the key assumptions in the Pickering & Garrod (P&G) model of speaker-hearer coordination in dialogue. The P&G model also invokes an unnecessarily complex set of mechanisms. We show that a computational implementation, currently in development and based on a simpler model, can account for more of this type of dialogue data.
Integrate, yes, but what and how? A computational approach of sensorimotor fusion in speech
Authors: Laurent Raphaël , Moulin-Frier Clément , Bessière Pierre , Schwartz Jean-Luc , Diard Julien 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe consider a computational model comparing the possible roles of “association” and “simulation” in phonetic decoding, demonstrating that these two routes can contain similar information in some “perfect” communication situations and highlighting situations where their decoding performance differs. We conclude that optimal decoding should involve some sort of fusion of association and simulation in the human brain.
Towards a complete multiple-mechanism account of predictive language processing
Authors: Mani Nivedita , Huettig Falk 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAlthough we agree with Pickering & Garrod (P&G) that prediction-by-simulation and prediction-by-association are important mechanisms of anticipatory language processing, this commentary suggests that they: (1) overlook other potential mechanisms that might underlie prediction in language processing, (2) overestimate the importance of prediction-by-association in early childhood, and (3) underestimate the complexity and significance of several factors that might mediate prediction during language processing.
Does what you hear predict what you will do and say?
Authors: Pazzaglia Mariella 
Published: June 2013

AbstractI evaluate the bottlenecks involved in the simulation mechanism underpinning superior predictive abilities for upcoming actions. This perceptual-motor state is characterized by a complex interrelationship designed to make predictions using a highly fine-tuned and constrained motor operation. The extension of such mechanisms to language may occur only in sensorimotor circuits devoted to the action domain.
Intentional strategies that make co-actors more predictable: The case of signaling
Authors: Pezzulo Giovanni , Dindo Haris 
Published: June 2013

AbstractPickering & Garrod (P&G) explain dialogue dynamics in terms of forward modeling and prediction-by-simulation mechanisms. Their theory dissolves a strict segregation between production and comprehension processes, and it links dialogue to action-based theories of joint action. We propose that the theory can also incorporate intentional strategies that increase communicative success: for example, signaling strategies that help remaining predictable and forming common ground.
How to avoid errors when quantifying thermal environments
Authors: Bakken George S. , Angilletta Michael J. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryModelling thermal environments at high resolution becomes simpler when using operative temperature, which condenses microclimate and morphology into an index of thermal stress. Operative temperature can be mapped using large numbers of ‘operative temperature thermometers’, hollow models that duplicate external properties of the animal.As climatologists predict that air will warm by 2–4 °C by 2100, biologists must be able to distinguish climate change from systematic errors in operative temperature of the same magnitude.A systematic error in operative temperature of 2 °C or a similar amount of climate warming can change predicted surface activity and indices of habitat quality, thermoregulatory precision and predation risk by 5–12%, and in some cases more than 30%.As construction details of operative temperature thermometers can affect their accuracy by 2 °C or more, biologists should use detailed physical models calibrated against living animals over potential ranges of postures, orientations and microclimates.Water‐filled models do not measure operative temperature correctly, fail to capture thermal extremes and are an unnecessary complication as one can easily compute the body temperature of moving or stationary animals from body mass and the spatio‐temporal distribution of operative temperatures.
Indicators of expert judgement and their significance: an empirical investigation in the area of cyber security
Authors: Holm Hannes , Sommestad Teodor , Ekstedt Mathias , Honeth Nicholas 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn situations when data collection through observations is difficult to perform, the use of expert judgement can be justified. A challenge with this approach is, however, to value the credibility of different experts. A natural and state‐of‐the art approach is to weight the experts' judgements according to their calibration, that is, on the basis of how well their estimates of a studied event agree with actual observations of that event. However, when data collection through observations is difficult to perform, it is often also difficult to estimate the calibration of experts. As a consequence, variables thought to indicate calibration are generally used as a substitute of it in practice. This study evaluates the value of three such indicative variables: consensus, experience and self‐proclamation. The significances of these variables are analysed in four surveys covering different domains in cyber security, involving a total of 271 subjects. Results show that consensus is a reasonable indicator of calibration. The mean Pearson correlation between these two variables across the four studies was 0.407. No significant correlations were found between calibration and experience or calibration and self‐proclamation. However, as a side result, it was discovered that a subject that perceives itself as more knowledgeable than others likely also is more experienced.