bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One‐Pot Synthesis of 2,5‐Dihydropyrroles from Terminal Alkynes, Azides, and Propargylic Alcohols by Relay Actions of Copper, Rhodium, and Gold
Authors: Miura Tomoya , Tanaka Takamasa , Matsumoto Kohei , Murakami Masahiro 
Published: October 2014

AbstractRelay actions of copper, rhodium, and gold formulate a one‐pot multistep pathway, which directly gives 2,5‐dihydropyrroles starting from terminal alkynes, sulfonyl azides, and propargylic alcohols. Initially, copper‐catalyzed 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of terminal alkynes with sulfonyl azides affords 1‐sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles, which then react with propargylic alcohols under the catalysis of rhodium. The resulting alkenyl propargyl ethers subsequently undergo the thermal Claisen rearrangement to give α‐allenyl‐α‐amino ketones. Finally, a gold catalyst prompts 5‐endo cyclization to produce 2,5‐dihydropyrroles.
Phosphinothiolates as Ligands for Polyhydrido Copper Nanoclusters
Authors: Huertos Miguel A. , Cano Israel , Bandeira Nuno A. G. , Benet‐Buchholz Jordi , Bo Carles , van Leeuwen Piet W. N. M. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Piet W. N. M. van Leeuwen at the Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Tarragona, Spain. The cover was designed by Miguel and the sun represents the photoactivity of the complex, resulting in the production of hydrogen. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201404763.
Redox Switching in Ethenyl‐Bridged Bisphospholes
Authors: Arkhypchuk Anna I. , Mijangos Edgar , Lomoth Reiner , Ott Sascha 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA 2e−/2H+ redox platform has been implemented in the ethenyl‐bridged bisphosphol‐3‐ol 1 to afford the first phospholes that feature chemically reversible oxidations. Oxidation of the title compounds to the corresponding bisphosphol‐3‐one 2 leads to a change in conjugation topology and a concomitant hypsochromic shift of the lowest‐energy absorption maximum by 100 nm. Electrochemical oxidation proceeds without any detectable intermediates, whereas the deprotonated form of 1 can be observed in an aprotic medium during the reduction of 2. This dianionic intermediate 3 is characterized by end absorptions that are bathochromically shifted by circa 200 nm compared to those of 2.
“Nanorust”‐catalyzed Benign Oxidation of Amines for Selective Synthesis of Nitriles
Authors: Jagadeesh Rajenahally V. , Junge Henrik , Beller Matthias 
Published: October 2014

AbstractOrganic nitriles constitute key precursors and central intermediates in organic synthesis. In addition, nitriles represent a versatile motif found in numerous medicinally and biologically important compounds. Generally, these nitriles are synthesized by traditional cyanation procedures using toxic cyanides. Herein, we report the selective and environmentally benign oxidative conversion of primary amines for the synthesis of structurally diverse aromatic, aliphatic and heterocyclic nitriles using a reusable “nanorust” (nanoscale Fe2O3)‐based catalysts applying molecular oxygen.
A Gemini Quaternary Ammonium Poly (ether ether ketone) Anion‐Exchange Membrane for Alkaline Fuel Cell: Design, Synthesis, and Properties
Authors: Si Jiangju , Lu Shanfu , Xu Xin , Peng Sikan , Xiu Ruijie , Xiang Yan 
Published: October 2014

AbstractTo reconcile the tradeoff between conductivity and dimensional stability in AEMs, a novel Gemini quaternary ammonium poly (ether ether ketone) (GQ‐PEEK) membrane was designed and successfully synthesized by a green three‐step procedure that included polycondensation, bromination, and quaternization. Gemini quaternary ammonium cation groups attached to the anti‐swelling PEEK backbone improved the ionic conductivity of the membranes while undergoing only moderate swelling. The grafting degree (GD) of the GQ‐PEEK significantly affected the properties of the membranes, including their ion‐exchange capacity, water uptake, swelling, and ionic conductivity. Our GQ‐PEEK membranes exhibited less swelling (≤40 % at 25–70 °C, GD 67 %) and greater ionic conductivity (44.8 mS cm−1 at 75 °C, GD 67 %) compared with single quaternary ammonium poly (ether ether ketone). Enhanced fuel cell performance was achieved when the GQ‐PEEK membranes were incorporated into H2/O2 single cells.
Tick‐borne encephalitis virus subtypes emerged through rapid vector switches rather than gradual evolution
Authors: Kovalev Sergey Y. , Mukhacheva Tatyana A. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractTick‐borne encephalitis is the most important human arthropod‐borne virus disease in Europe and Russia, with an annual incidence of about 13 thousand people. Tick‐borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is distributed in the natural foci of forest and taiga zones of Eurasia, from the Pacific to the Atlantic coast. Currently, there are three mutually exclusive hypotheses about the origin and distribution ofTBEVsubtypes, although they are based on the same assumption of gradual evolution. Recently, we have described the structure ofTBEVpopulations in terms of a clusteron approach, a clusteron being a structural unit of viral population [Kovalev and Mukhacheva (2013)Infect. Genet. Evol., 14, 22–28]. This approach allowed us to investigate questions ofTBEVevolution in a new way and to propose a hypothesis of quantum evolution due to a vector switch. We also consider a possible mechanism for this switch occurring in interspecific hybrids of ticks. It is necessarily accompanied by a rapid accumulation of mutations in the virus genome, which is contrary to the generally accepted view of gradual evolution in assessing the ages ofTBEVpopulations. The proposed hypothesis could explain and predict not only the formation of new subtypes, but also the emergence of new vector‐borne viruses.
Reduced executive and default network functional connectivity in cigarette smokers
Authors: Weiland Barbara J. , Sabbineni Amithrupa , Calhoun Vince D. , Welsh Robert C. , Hutchison Kent E. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAltered functional connectivity has been associated with acute and chronic nicotine use. Connectivity alterations, specifically in the right and left executive control networks (RECN/LECN) and the default mode network (DMN), may contribute to the addiction cycle. The objective of this study was to determine if executive control network (ECN) and DMN connectivity is different between non‐smokers and smokers and whether reductions in connectivity are related to chronic cigarette use. The RECN, LECN, and DMN were identified in resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging data in 650 subjects. Analyses tested for group differences in network connectivity strength, controlling for age and alcohol use. There was a significant group effect on LECN and DMN connectivity strength with smokers (n = 452) having lower network strengths than non‐smokers (n = 198). Smokers had lower connectivity than non‐smokers associated with key network hubs: the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and parietal nodes within ECNs. Further, ECN connectivity strength was negatively associated with pack years of cigarette use. Our data suggest that chronic nicotine use negatively impacts functional connectivity within control networks that may contribute to the difficulty smokers have in quitting. Hum Brain Mapp 36:872–882, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stimulus dependence of contralateral dominance in human auditory cortex
Authors: Gutschalk Alexander , Steinmann Iris 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe auditory system is often considered to show little contralateral dominance but physiological reports on the contralateral dominance of activity evoked by monaural sound vary widely. Here, we show that part of this variation is stimulus‐dependent: blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses to 32 s of monaurally presented unmodulated noise (UN) showed activation in contralateral auditory cortex (AC) and deactivation in ipsilateral AC compared to nonstimulus baseline. Slow amplitude‐modulated (AM) noise evoked strong contralateral activation and minimal ipsilateral activation. The contrast of AM–versus‐UN was used to separate fMRI activity related to the slow amplitude modulation per se. This difference activation was bilateral although still stronger in contralateral AC. In magnetoencephalography (MEG), the response was dominated by the steady‐state activity phase locked to the amplitude modulation. This MEG activity showed no consistent contralateral dominance across listeners. Subcortical BOLD activation was strongly contralateral subsequent to the superior olivary complex (SOC) and showed no significant difference between modulated and UN. An acallosal participant showed similar fMRI activation as the group, ruling transcallosal transmission an unlikely source of ipsilateral enhancement or ipsilateral deactivation. These results suggest that ascending activity subsequent to the SOC is strongly dominant contralateral to the stimulus ear. In contrast, the part of BOLD and MEG activity related to slow amplitude modulation is more bilateral and only observed in AC. Ipsilateral deactivation can potentially bias measures of contralateral BOLD dominance and should be considered in future studies. Hum Brain Mapp 36:883–896, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Osteocalcin/fibronectin‐functionalized collagen matrices for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Kim S. G. , Lee D. S. , Lee S. , Jang J.‐H. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractCollagen is the most abundant protein found in the extracellular matrix and is widely used to build scaffolds for biomedical applications which are the result of its biocompatibility and biodegradability. In the present study, we constructed a rhOCN/FNIII9‐10 fusion protein and rhOCN/FNIII9‐10‐functionalized collagen matrices and investigated the potential value for bone tissue engineering. In vitro studies carried out with preosteoblastic MC3T3‐E1 cells showed that rhOCN/FNIII9‐10 fusion protein promoted cell adhesion and the mRNA levels of osteogenic markers including osteocalcin, runt‐related transcription factor 2, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and collagen type I. In addition, rhOCN/FNIII9‐10‐functionalized collagen matrices showed significant induction of the ALP activity more than rhFNIII9‐10‐functionalized collagen matrices or collagen matrices alone. These results suggested that rhOCN/FNIII9‐10‐functionalized collagen matrices have potential for bone tissue engineering. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 2133–2140, 2015.
Thermodynamic Insight into Protein Aggregation Using a Kinetic Ising Model
Authors: Tsai Min‐Yeh , Yuan Jian‐Min , Lin Sheng‐Hsien 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn this work, we present a kinetic analysis for protein aggregation using the kinetic Ising model, which serves as a new application of a previously proposed model [Liang et al., J. Chin. Chem. Soc.­ 2003, 50, 335]. Considering protein as a single spin unit, we map two states of a unit to the aggregation‐prone (AP) and the fibril (F) states. This work shows that the model can successfully capture the nucleation‐growth features of protein aggregation from experiments, which offers thermodynamic interpretations of aggregation properties, such as lag‐time and fibril stability.
Investigation of Luminescence Properties of Eu3+, Dy3+ and Gd3+ Doped MgAl2Si2O8 Red‐emitting Phosphors
Authors: Öztürk Esra , Kalaycioglu Nilgun Ozpozan , Uzun Erdem 
Published: October 2014

AbstractRare‐earth‐doped aluminosilicates of alkaline earth MgAl2Si2O8: Eu3+, Dy3+ and MgAl2Si2O8: Eu3+, Gd3+ were synthesized by the solid state reaction method at 1300 oC. The phosphors were characterized by X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence (PL), thermoluminescence (TL) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). X‐ray powder diffraction studies show that the phosphors were crystallized in the triclinic crystal system. The phosphors show characteristic broad band phosphorescence of Eu3+. This broad band phosphorescence has red emission bands in the range of 580–705 nm corresponding to 5D0 → 7Fj (j:0,2,3,4) transitions of Eu3+.
Therapeutic efficacy of splenectomy is attenuated by necroinflammation of the liver in patients with liver cirrhosis
Authors: Kondo Reiichiro , Kage Masayoshi , Ogata Toshiro , Nakashima Osamu , Akiba Jun , Nomura Yoriko , Yano Hirohisa 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundSplenectomy is a therapy for thrombocytopenia caused by hypersplenism with liver cirrhosis. However, the determinant of therapeutic outcomes for this complication has not yet been fully clarified.MethodsWe studied the laboratory findings of 55 patients who underwent splenectomy for hypersplenism with liver cirrhosis. In addition, we examined the histopathological findings of hepatosplenic tissues of nine patients who underwent hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma and splenectomy for hypersplenism with liver cirrhosis on one stage surgery. The locations of platelets in hepatosplenic tissues were identified by immunohistochemistry. We used monoclonal antibody against CD41.ResultsAmong 55 patients, 40 patients had high serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level (≧38 IU/l). Blood platelet count after splenectomy of patients with high serum ALT level were significantly lower than those of patients with low serum ALT level (P = 0.02). Histopathologically, platelet area of the liver tissues was positively correlated with hepatic inflammation (P = 0.02). Platelet area of the liver tissues was negatively correlated with blood platelet count after splenectomy (P = 0.03).ConclusionsHepatic inflammation contributes to the accumulation of platelets in liver; therefore, in patients with high serum ALT level, improvement of thrombocytopenia by the elimination of hypersplenism was limited.
Endoscopic management of walled‐off pancreatic necrosis
Authors: Voermans Rogier P. , Besselink Marc G. , Fockens Paul 
Published: October 2014

Abstract Endoscopic management of infected walled‐off pancreatic necrosis is increasingly being performed. Although the role of the interventional endoscopist in treating necrotizing pancreatitis is growing, a multidisciplinary team including dedicated surgeons and interventional radiologists is a condition sine qua non for optimal patient management. Optimal management starts with a correct diagnosis with accurate description of the extent and nature of the inflammatory changes according to the recently updated criteria. This is important to consequently select the correct patients for the correct intervention at the correct interval after onset. When a decision is made to endoscopically intervene in a patient with (infected) pancreatic necrosis, the actual endoscopic technique does not differ much from the first retrospective series published a decade ago. Although endoscopic intervention for pancreatic necrosis is increasingly performed, evidence for superiority of endoscopic treatment over other techniques is still lacking. Dedicated endoscopic accessories for optimal drainage and necrosectomy are still lacking as well. This review provides an overview of current status, technique and recent innovations of endoscopic treatment of walled‐off pancreatic necrosis.
Comparative analysis of sialendoscopy, sonography, and CBCT in the detection of sialolithiasis
Authors: Schwarz David , Kabbasch Christoph , Scheer Martin , Mikolajczak Stefanie , Beutner Dirk , Luers Jan C. 
Published: October 2014

Objectives/HypothesisThe diagnosis of sialolithiasis is, along with clinical presentation, based on different imaging techniques and more invasive procedures such as sialendoscopy. The aim of the study was to analyze the potential of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) for the diagnosis of sialolithiasis and to compare the results with those of sonography and sialendoscopy.Study DesignRetrospective analysis.MethodsThe data of 43 patients with suspected sialolithiasis were evaluated retrospectively. All patients had CBCT and sonographic imaging and received sialendoscopy to confirm and possibly treat sialolithiasis.ResultsSonography, CBCT, and sialendoscopy together indicated sialolithiasis in 33 patients. The mean maximum diameter of the extracted sialoliths did not significantly differ between the three diagnostics. Each diagnostic tool showed an excellent specificity and positive predictive value. Sensitivity and negative predictive value were best in sialendoscopy (94% resp. 83%), followed by CBCT (79% resp. 56%) and then sonography (70% resp. 47%).ConclusionThe results revealed that CBCT is capable of diagnosing sialoliths in general and tended to be more sensitive than sonography. However, in view of the radiation exposure, the use of CBCT must be critically weighed and should not be used as a primary option.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 125:1098–1101, 2015
HOPX is methylated and exerts tumour‐suppressive function through Ras‐induced senescence in human lung cancer
Authors: Chen Yuan , Yang Linlin , Cui Tiantian , Pacyna‐Gengelbach Manuela , Petersen Iver 
Published: October 2014

AbstractHOPX acts as a tumour suppressor in various cancers. However, the regulation of HOPX in human lung cancer as well as the mechanism underlying its tumour‐suppressive function has not yet been well elucidated. Here we investigated the epigenetic regulation and molecular mechanism by which HOPX exerts growth inhibitory effects. We found that HOPX was down‐regulated in 12 out of 13 lung cancer cell lines and in 69 out of 120 primary lung tumours at mRNA and protein levels. Patients with lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) exhibited significantly more positive staining of HOPX protein compared with lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (p =0.036). Again in ADC, patients with higher HOPX expression had a significantly longer disease‐free survival (p =0.001). Methylation analysis showed that down‐regulation of HOPX was associated with DNA methylation (p =0.011). To analyse the function of HOPX in lung cancer cells, stable transfection with an expression vector of HOPX was performed. It turned out that HOPX inhibited tumour cell proliferation rate, migration, and invasion, and, more interestingly, forced expression of HOPX enhanced cellular senescence via activation of oncogenic Ras and the downstream MAPK pathway, which in turn led to decreased MDM2 and increased p21. On the contrary, knockdown of HOPX by siRNA resulted in reduced Ras activity, inactivation of the MAPK pathway, and decreased p21 levels, accompanied by reduced cellular senescence. Additionally, the HOPX‐induced senescence pathway was also active in human bronchial epithelial cells. Taken together, our data suggest that down‐regulation of HOPX was related to DNA methylation and that HOPX exerts tumour‐suppressive activity by oncogenic Ras‐induced cellular senescence in lung cancer cells. Copyright © 2014 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva: bilateral hallux valgus on ultrasound a clue for the first prenatal diagnosis for this condition—clinical report and review of the literature
Authors: Maftei Catalina , Rypens Françoise , Thiffault Isabelle , Dubé Johanne , Laberge Anne‐Marie , Lemyre Emmanuelle 
Published: October 2014

What's already known about this topic?

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) (MIM: 135100) is a very rare autosomal dominant condition with a prevalence of 1:2,000,000.
The clinical picture is characterized by congenital malformations of the great toes and progressive disabling heterotopic ossification.
The genetic explanation is an activating mutation in the ACVR1, a bone morphogenetic protein type I receptor, which promotes osteogenic differentiation of connective tissue progenitor cells.What does this study add?

We present the first case of prenatal diagnosis of FOP on ultrasound findings.
Fetal bilateral hallux valgus, seen on second‐trimester ultrasound prompted the clinicians to consider this diagnosis even though family history was negative for FOP. The fetus had the recurrent c.617G > A mutation in ACVR1 gene.
This case illustrates that FOP should be considered in the differential diagnosis of fetal hallux valgus to provide appropriate genetic counseling.
Ventricular non‐compaction cardiomyopathy: prenatal diagnosis and pathology
Authors: Tian Leiqi , Zhou Qichang , Zhou Jia , Zeng Shi , Cao Danming , Zhang Ming 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study is to evaluate the prenatal diagnosis of ventricular non‐compaction cardiomyopathy (NCCM) and to report the pathologic features and the characteristic myocardial ultrastructure of fetal NCCM.MethodWe examined nine cases of fetal NCCM by prenatal echocardiography from 2004 to 2013. These cases were evaluated with respect to prenatal diagnosis, outcomes, pathology, and characteristics of the myocardial ultrastructure.ResultsTrabeculated myocardium and non‐compaction/compaction ratio (N/C ratio) ≥2.0 is the echocardiographic feature that allowed diagnosis. Among the nine fetuses with a prenatal diagnosis of NCCM, six were diagnosed with left ventricular non‐compaction (LVNC), two with non‐compaction of both ventricles (biventricular NCCM), and one with right ventricular non‐compaction. Among the nine fetuses, the LVNC diagnosis was confirmed by postnatal echocardiography in 2; the other patients chose to terminate their pregnancies, and those cases were confirmed at autopsy. Muscle biopsies were performed on three of the aborted fetuses, and abnormal mitochondria, sarcomeres, and myocardial fibers were observed.ConclusionNon‐compaction can be identified in the fetus. Fetal non‐compaction most often involves the left ventricle, but can involve the right ventricle or both ventricles. The myocardial ultrastructure of fetal ventricular non‐compaction has certain unique characteristics regarding the maturation of the mitochondria, sarcomeres, and myocardial fibers. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrochemical Raman spectroscopy of carbon nanotube energy transfer complexes
Authors: Hatting Benjamin , Ernst Friederike , Reich Stephanie 
Published: October 2014

We present electrochemical Raman measurements on energy transfer complexes formed by combining single‐walled carbon nanotubes and dye molecules. The presence of the dye molecules in the proximity of the nanotubes impacts the nanotubes’ charging behavior, leading to changes in the position of the charge neutrality point and the maximum achievable doping strength. We compare these results to spectra acquired in solution and determine the corresponding Fermi energy shifts, which are found to be similar in the energy transfer complexes and a reference sample. Our results have implications for the photoluminescence enhancement/quenching previously observed in these energy transfer complexes. Electrochemical G‐mode Raman spectra at a gate voltage of −1.1 V showing much larger doping strength for the reference sample than for the energy transfer complexes, as seen in the higher‐frequency and narrower peak.