bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinico‐morphological features of BRAF inhibition–induced proliferative skin lesions in cancer patients
Authors: Belum Viswanath Reddy , Rosen Alyx C. , Jaimes Natalia , Dranitsaris George , Pulitzer Melissa P. , Busam Klaus J. , Marghoob Ashfaq A. , Carvajal Richard D. , Chapman Paul B. , Lacouture Mario E. 
Published: September 2014

BACKGROUNDThe use of BRAF inhibitors may lead to the development of cutaneous toxicities such as rashes, photosensitivity, alopecia, palmoplantar erythrodysesthesia, and proliferative skin lesions, including keratoacanthomas (KAs) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cuSCCs). The latter are noteworthy for their potential to exhibit malignant features, and they may necessitate invasive treatment. Their prompt identification is of primary importance for directing supportive care efforts and maintaining dose intensity while minimizing the morbidity associated with supportive care interventions. Because such lesions are less familiar to oncologists, this study was designed to characterize their clinico‐morphological features, which have not been hitherto described.METHODSThe clinical and dermoscopic characteristics and risk factors of new‐onset proliferative skin lesions (benign verrucous lesions and KAs/cuSCCs) developing after the initiation of treatment with vemurafenib, dabrafenib, and XL281 were analyzed; the histopathological diagnoses were ascertained.RESULTSThe majority of the lesions were benign verrucous lesions (78%, n = 87), whereas KAs/cuSCCs represented 22% (n = 25). The median times to biopsy for the initial verrucous lesions and KAs/cuSCCs were 4.8 and 10.5 weeks, respectively. The clinico‐morphological features significant for KAs/cuSCCs included a larger size (P < .001), a nodular appearance (P < .001), a central keratin plug (P < .001), a central ulceration or crust (P = .04), an adherent scale (P = .02), an erythematous halo (P = .03), and a scaly ring (collarette; P < .001) at the periphery.CONCLUSIONSOur findings represent the first detailed description of the clinico‐morphological characteristics that permit distinction between the benign and malignant skin lesions induced by BRAF inhibitors. They are valuable for the recognition of lesions that require intervention and/or a dermatology referral versus those that permit provisional monitoring. Cancer 2015;121:60–68. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Function of Metals and Supports on the Hydrodeoxygenation of Phenolic Compounds
Authors: Deepa Ayillath K. , Dhepe Paresh L. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractHydrodeoxygenation (HDO) is an important process for removing oxygen from lignin‐derived phenolic monomers to obtain chemicals that can be used as fuel or fuel additives. A systematic study is performed to check the effects of supports (acidic, neutral, basic) and noble metals (Pd, Pt, Ru) on the HDO of phenol, guaiacol, and eugenol. Evaluation of the combinations of metals and supports under the similar reaction conditions shows that the metals supported on a highly acidic support (SiO2‐Al2O3) yield complete hydrogenation products with the possibility of CO bond cleavage to achieve a real HDO activity, whereas on a mildly acidic support (γ‐Al2O3), a complicated product distribution is achieved, and neutral (C) and basic (HT) supports give restricted hydrogenation activity but yield the products with very high selectivity. On the basis of the results, reaction pathways are suggested and deliberated. The catalysts show reproducible activity in recycle runs. The catalysts are characterized by various techniques (XRD, TEM, TPD, ICP‐OES) to establish the catalyst activity–property relationship.
From Gene Towards Selective Biomass Valorization: Bacterial β‐Etherases with Catalytic Activity on Lignin‐Like Polymers
Authors: Picart Pere , Müller Christoph , Mottweiler Jakob , Wiermans Lotte , Bolm Carsten , Domínguez de María Pablo , Schallmey Anett 
Published: September 2014

AbstractMicrobial β‐etherases, which selectively cleave the β‐O‐4 aryl ether linkage present in lignin, hold great promise for future applications in lignin valorization. However, very few members have been reported so far and little is known about these enzymes. By using a database mining approach, four novel bacterial β‐etherases were identified, recombinantly produced in Escherichia coli, and investigated together with known β‐etherases in the conversion of various lignin and non‐lignin‐type model compounds. The resulting activities revealed the significant influence of the substituents at the phenyl ring adjacent to the ether bond. Finally, β‐etherase activity on polymeric substrates, measured by using a fluorescently labeled synthetic lignin, was also proven; this underlined the applicability of the enzymes for the conversion of lignin into renewable chemicals.
Modification of Diesohol Fuel Properties by Using Cashew Nut Shell Liquid and Biodiesel as Additives
Authors: Bangjang Thapanee , Saisangtong Rarinthron , Kaewchada Amaraporn , Jaree Attasak 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn this research, modified diesohol blends were characterized with cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) and biodiesel as additives. Different proportions of CNSL, diesel, and ethanol were prepared to study the properties of the fuel blends such as viscosity, heating value, acid value, and cetane index. The minimum threshold limit of 6 % by volume of CNSL provided a stable mixture. The viscosity increased slightly with increasing CNSL content whereas the heating value was not significantly affected. All of the fuel blends did not meet the fuel standard in terms of the acid value. Biodiesel was used as a substitute for a fraction of CNSL to lower the acid value. The final fuel blend was DE20 (diesohol with 20 % ethanol content) with 0.5 % CNSL and 12 % biodiesel (by volume). The acid value, viscosity, and heating value were 0.78 mg(KOH) g−1, 2.69 cSt, and 40.11 MJ kg−1, respectively. The economic analysis showed that the ex‐refinery and retail prices of the fuel blend were 22.83 and 28.32 baht L−1, respectively (≈32 Thai baht=$1 US, with the current exchange rates).
Microwave Drying of Drilled Cuttings in the Context of Waste Disposal and Drilling Fluid Recovery
Authors: Santos Jéssika M. , Pereira Marina S. , Júnior Irineu P. , Pena Matheus M. R. , Ataíde Carlos H. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe use of drilling fluids in oil drilling process generates solid–liquid mixtures that must be separated. One of the aims of this process is compliance with environmental laws regarding to disposal of waste from drilling activities. The present study aims to investigate the microwave drying of contaminated drilled cuttings. The aspects investigated are: cuttings size and shape, bed height, composition of the drilling fluid, and application of a sweep gas. The results show that mixtures of cuttings containing rounder and larger particles lead to greater removal of drilling fluid than mixtures that consist of less‐round and finer particles. The increase of the bed height leads to higher efficiency in terms of n‐paraffin removal. The use of a sweep gas increases the n‐paraffin removal from 75 to 90 %. The higher the water content on the drilling fluid, the greater the removal of organic phase. The microwave heating does not cause significant changes in the organic phase recovered.
An Oxygen‐Insensitive Degradable Resist for Fabricating Metallic Patterns on Highly Curved Surfaces by UV‐Nanoimprint Lithography
Authors: Hu Xin , Huang Shisong , Gu Ronghua , Yuan Changsheng , Ge Haixiong , Chen Yanfeng 
Published: September 2014

In this paper, an oxygen‐insensitive degradable resist for UV‐nanoimprint is designed, com­prising a polycyclic degradable acrylate monomer, 2,10‐diacryloyloxymethyl‐1,4,9,12‐tetraoxa­spiro [4.2.4.2] tetradecane (DAMTT), and a multifunctional thiol monomer pentaerythritol tetra(3‐mercaptopropionate) (PETMP). The resist can be quickly UV‐cured in the air atmosphere and achieve a high monomer conversion of over 98%, which greatly reduce the adhesion force between the resist and the soft mold. High conversion, in company with an adequate Young's modulus (about 1 GPa) and an extremely low shrinkage (1.34%), promises high nanoimprint resolution of sub‐50 nm. The cross‐linked resist is able to break into linear molecules in a hot acid solvent. As a result, metallic patterns are fabricated on highly curved surfaces via the lift off process without the assistance of a thermoplastic polymer layer.
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Clinical, positron emission tomography, and pathological studies of DNAJC13 p.N855S Parkinsonism
Authors: Appel‐Cresswell Silke , Rajput Ali H , Sossi Vesna , Thompson Christina , Silva Vanessa , McKenzie Jessamyn , Dinelle Katherine , McCormick Siobhan E. , Vilariño‐Güell Carles , Stoessl A. Jon , Dickson Dennis W , Robinson Chris A. , Farrer Matthew J. , Rajput Alex 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundFamilies of Dutch‐German‐Russian Mennonite descent with multi‐incident parkinsonism have been identified as harboring a pathogenic DNAJC13 p.N855S mutation and are awaiting clinical and pathophysiological characterization.MethodsFamily members were examined clinically longitudinally, and 5 underwent dopaminergic PET imaging. Four family members came to autopsy.ResultsOf the 16 symptomatic DNAJC13 mutation carriers, 12 had clinically definite, 3 probable, and 1 possible Parkinson's disease (PD). Symptoms included bradykinesia, tremor, rigidity, and postural instability, with a mean onset of 63 years (range, 40‐85) and slow progression. Eight of ten subjects who required treatment had a good levodopa response; motor complications and nonmotor symptoms were observed. Dopaminergic PET imaging revealed rostrocaudal striatal deficits typical for idiopathic PD in established disease and subtle abnormalities in incipient disease. Pathological examinations revealed Lewy body pathology.ConclusionPD associated with a DNAJC13 p.N855S mutation presents as late‐onset, often slowly progressive, usually dopamine‐responsive typical PD. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
An Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of the Ring‐Opening Polymerization of L,L‐Lactide
Authors: Pladis Prokopios , Karidi Konstantina , Mantourlias Theofanis , Kiparissides Costas 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA comprehensive mathematical model was developed based on a detailed kinetic mechanism to predict the dynamic evolution of monomer conversion and molecular weight averages. The predictive capabilities of the mathematical model are demonstrated by a direct comparison of model predictions with literature and new experimental data on monomer conversion as well as number and weight average molecular‐weight of PLLA. The effects of monomer to initiator molar ratio and polymerization temperature on the polymerization rate and average molecular weight properties of polylactide were experimentally determined and compared with model predictions. For this reason, high molecular weight polylactides were synthesized in melt via the ring‐opening polymerization of L,L‐lactide, in the presence of stannous octoate.
Effects of exercise with and without different degrees of blood flow restriction on torque and muscle activation
Authors: Loenneke Jeremy P. , Kim Daeyeol , Fahs Christopher A. , Thiebaud Robert S. , Abe Takashi , Larson Rebecca D. , Bemben Debra A. , Bemben Michael G. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTIntroductionAn unresolved question in resistance training combined with blood flow restriction (BFR) is what percentage of estimated arterial occlusion pressure provides the most robust acute muscular response.MethodsForty participants were assigned to Experiments 1, 2, or 3. Each experiment completed exercise protocols differing by pressure, exercise load, and/or volume. Torque was measured pre‐ and postexercise, and muscle activation was measured pre‐ and during each set.ResultsPressure and load did not affect torque greatly. Muscle activation increased in all conditions (P < 0.05) and was higher with 30% 1RM compared with 20% 1RM. Pressure appeared to increase muscle activation from 40% to 50% arterial occlusion [66% vs. 87% maximal voluntary contraction (30% 1RM)] but was not further increased with higher pressure.ConclusionDifferent levels of BFR may alter the acute muscular response to a degree, although higher pressures do not appear to augment these changes. Muscle Nerve 51:713–721, 2015
LOCAL TAXES AND LOCAL EXPENDITURES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: STRENGTHENING THE WICKSELLIAN CONNECTION
Authors: Bird Richard M. , Slack Enid 
Published: September 2014

SUMMARYMany countries are decentralizing in various ways. Decentralization is often intended at least partly to make government more efficient, flexible, and responsive. Many studies have evaluated the effects of decentralization on the provision of such services as health and education as well as on corruption, stability, and growth. Because what governments do and how well they do it is inseparably entangled with the question of how they are financed, this article outlines why and how a key element in a sound decentralization program should be to strengthen the linkage between local expenditures and local revenues—called here the Wicksellian Connection. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Satellite interference evaluation: joint effect of modeling earth station locations and earth station antenna sidelobe gains as random variables
Authors: Tamo Alberth , Fortes José Mauro P. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryWhen several satellite communication systems share the same frequency band, each system operates under the aggregate interference generated by the others. In this interfering environment, interference calculation procedures in which worst‐case situations and simplifying assumptions are considered are commonly used. Given that the geostationary satellite orbit and the frequency spectrum are limited resources, it is important to consider alternatives that lead to a more precise interference evaluation. One of these alternatives is the use of a probabilistic methodology, in which some of the parameters involved are modeled as random variables. This work considers the specific case in which the earth station geographic locations and the sidelobe gains of their antennas are modeled as random. Analytical expressions for the probability distribution function of the carrier to aggregate interference ratio are determined. The proposed methodology is applied to scenarios involving multiple multibeam satellite networks and the results are compared with those obtained with the usual deterministic procedure. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transition to a product line infrastructure: experience at Akari Software
Authors: Hegarty Paraic , O'Leary Eoghan , Dineen Danny , Bustard David , Moore Adrian 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTAkari Software offers a family of software products supporting curriculum management in higher education. The work started with one specific commission, but within 4 years, a small product suite had been developed, with ten organisations using customised variants of those products. In effect, a product family had been created but without the underlying structure and processes needed to ensure the efficient creation and maintenance of variants. This is a common issue faced by software companies as their product range expands. In 2010, Akari began making internal changes to develop a product range infrastructure that was suitable both for its existing products and its plans for future growth. The purpose of this paper is to describe the product line transition that occurred, both to share the experience involved and to identify a number of general lessons learned. The work was supported by a FUSION project, funded by InterTradeIreland, undertaken in collaboration with the University of Ulster. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Concise Reviews: In Vitro-Produced Pancreas Organogenesis Models in Three Dimensions: Self-Organization From Few Stem Cells or Progenitors
Authors: Greggio Chiara , De Franceschi Filippo , Grapin-Botton Anne 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Three-dimensional models of organ biogenesis have recently flourished. They promote a balance between stem/progenitor cell expansion and differentiation without the constraints of flat tissue culture vessels, allowing for autonomous self-organization of cells. Such models allow the formation of miniature organs in a dish and are emerging for the pancreas, starting from embryonic progenitors and adult cells. This review focuses on the currently available systems and how these allow new types of questions to be addressed. We discuss the expected advancements including their potential to study human pancreas development and function as well as to develop diabetes models and therapeutic cells. Stem Cells 2015;33:8–14
Kidney: polycystic kidney disease
Authors: Paul Binu M. , Vanden Heuvel Gregory B. 
Published: September 2014

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a life‐threatening genetic disorder characterized by the presence of fluid‐filled cysts primarily in the kidneys. PKD can be inherited as autosomal recessive (ARPKD) or autosomal dominant (ADPKD) traits. Mutations in either the PKD1 or PKD2 genes, which encode polycystin 1 and polycystin 2, are the underlying cause of ADPKD. Progressive cyst formation and renal enlargement lead to renal insufficiency in these patients, which need to be managed by lifelong dialysis or renal transplantation. While characteristic features of PKD are abnormalities in epithelial cell proliferation, fluid secretion, extracellular matrix and differentiation, the molecular mechanisms underlying these events are not understood. Here we review the progress that has been made in defining the function of the polycystins, and how disruption of these functions may be involved in cystogenesis. WIREs Dev Biol 2014, 3:465–487. doi: 10.1002/wdev.152This article is categorized under:

Signaling Pathways > Global Signaling Mechanisms
Birth Defects > Organ Anomalies
Reading and rhythm in the ‘La Clayette’ manuscript (Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, nouv. acq. fr. 13521)
Authors: CURRAN SEAN 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTPrevious commentators have maligned the La Clayette manuscript as a source of Ars Antiqua motets on three grounds: that its layout is not arranged for use in performance; that its notation is unsophisticated in its use of mensural forms; and that it is heavy with errors. This article offers a palaeographical account of the music fascicle and its methods of production, arguing that its layout was tailored to match the manuscript's literary portions, and was designed first by a text scribe specialising in the vernacular, which accounts for many of the supposed problems. The article describes the notator's ‘house style’ and his means of dealing with the text scribe's frequent errors, suggesting he was largely successful in transmitting usable musical readings. All this provides an opportunity to think through the historical possibilities for literate interaction with written polyphony in the thirteenth century. It is suggested that La Clayette was understood by its users as a tool with which a single reader could teach other, perhaps non-literate people to sing polytextual pieces.
Canonic techniques in the caccia: compositional strategies and historical development
Authors: LOPATIN MIKHAIL 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTCanonic techniques in the Trecento caccia reveal a wide spectrum of ostinato procedures ranging from brief cadence patterns to large-scale harmonic and/or melodic repetition schemes. The ostinato phenomenon is thus an important structural component of canonic technique in the caccia. This article examines these ostinato patterns in terms of a putative historical and structural transformation of the genre at the intersection of unwritten and written practices. Special emphasis is placed on the definition of the caccia from the anonymous Trecento treatise, Capitulum de vocibus applicatis verbis, and its correlation with the early layer of the caccia repertoire.
Insecurity in architecture
Authors: Verma Neena 
Published: September 2014

‘I myself do not believe in explaining anything’, wrote Shel Silverstein. It seems that architecture is always looking to explain itself. Definitions of architecture seem almost common knowledge; ask a bartender, biologist, computer scientist, economist, legislator, birdwatcher, quilter or scientist, each of whom analogises their field with respect to architecture. And several within the profession can themselves define architecture's limits quite elegantly. Most recently Steven Holl defined architecture as consisting simply of abstract, use, space and idea. However, seeking a rationale or explanation for architecture – its role in society, its impact, its value – remains an open debate. This debate has consumed the field, in academia and practice, for centuries. It suggests a dire insecurity.Shifts in architecture's self-perception and self-explanation often relate to formal styles. Any text on architectural history covers these styles, from Neolithic to contemporary, including accompanying sub-movements such as, for the early modern category, Expressionist architecture, Art Deco, and the so-called ‘International Style’. Each style is often imagined a product of, or reaction to, a preceding style, and much the same can be said of accompanying trends in the explanation of architecture. This essay, and its underlying argument, is itself a reaction to the current state of affairs.
Assessment of the impact of comorbidity on the survival of cancer patients treated by palliative care teams
Authors: Calvo-Espinos Claudio , De Gaona-Lana Estefania Ruiz , Gonzalez-Anguren Cristina , Lama-Gay Marcos 
Published: September 2014

AbstractObjective:The usefulness of the age-adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index (ACCI) as a gauge of the impact of comorbidity on survival is known in the geriatric population. In palliative care, there is little research studying the correlation between comorbidity and survival in the advanced stages of oncological disease. The aim of our study was to explore the impact of comorbidity, measured with the ACCI, on survival in our patients. Our hypothesis was that higher ACCI scores would be associated with lower survival rates after the first visit.Method:We conducted a prospective observational study over one year. Patients were attended by palliative home care teams. The main variables were: survival from metastatic disease after the first visit and ACCI score on the first visit. We also employed a descriptive analysis and a Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, including different ranges of ACCI scores.Results:The final sample included 66 subjects. The standard patient was a 76-year-old man with lung cancer who had received chemotherapy. The overall average ACCI score was 10.45. Significant differences were found between the different locations of metastatic disease (greater survivals in breast, ovary, and prostate; p = 0.005) and some treatments (hormone and radiotherapy; p = 0.001 for each), but not from the first visit. We found lower survival rates among lung cancer patients with higher comorbidity (ACCI ≥ 11, p = 0.047), with no differences on other primary locations or overall values.Significance of results:The data show that comorbidity measured by the ACCI may be an interesting prognostic factor during the late stages of disease, as we have found in lung cancer. More research is certainly needed.