bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The double inhibition of endogenously produced BMP and Wnt factors synergistically triggers dorsal telencephalic differentiation of mouse ES cells
Authors: Bertacchi Michele , Pandolfini Luca , D'Onofrio Mara , Brandi Rossella , Cremisi Federico 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTEmbryonic stem (ES) cells are becoming a popular model of in vitro neurogenesis, as they display intrinsic capability to generate neural progenitors that undergo the known steps of in vivo neural development. These include the acquisition of distinct regional fates, which depend on growth factors and signals that are present in the culture medium. The control of the intracellular signaling that is active at different steps of ES cell neuralization, even when cells are cultured in chemically defined medium, is complicated by the endogenous production of growth factors. However, this endogenous production has been poorly investigated so far. To address this point, we performed a high‐throughput analysis of the expression of morphogens during mouse ES cell neuralization in minimal medium. We found that during their neuralization, ES cells increased the expression of members of Wnt, Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF), and BMP families. Conversely, the expression of Activin/Nodal and Shh ligands was low in early steps of neuralization. In this experimental condition, neural progenitors and neurons generated by ES cells expressed a gene expression profile that was consistent with a midbrain identity. We found that endogenous BMP and Wnt signaling, but not FGF signaling, synergistically affected ES cell neural patterning, by turning off a profile of dorsal/telencephalic gene expression. Double BMP and Wnt inhibition allowed neuralized ES cells to sequentially activate key genes of cortical differentiation. Our findings are consistent with a novel synergistic effect of Wnt and BMP endogenous signaling of ES cells in inhibiting a cortical differentiation program. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 75: 66–79, 2015
sox21a directs lateral line patterning by modulating FGF signaling
Authors: Ariza‐Cosano Ana , Bensimon‐Brito Anabela , Gómez‐Skarmeta José Luis , Bessa José 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTThe development of organs composed by repeated functional units is, in many cases, accomplished by the transition of cells from a progenitor to a differentiation domain, triggering a reiterated developmental program. Yet, how these discrete fields are formed during development is still a largely unresolved question. The posterior lateral line (pLL), a sensory organ present in fish and amphibians, develops from a primordium that migrates along the flanks of the animal periodically depositing neuromasts, the pLL functional units. In zebrafish (Danio rerio), the developmental program of the pLL is triggered by the transit of progenitor cells from a Wnt to a Fgf signaling domain. It has been proposed that these two fields are defined by the antagonistic activity of these two signaling pathways, but how they are formed and maintained is still an open question in the development of the pLL. In this work, we show that sox21a, an HMG ‐box transcription factor, is expressed within the Fgf domain. We demonstrate that, while the Fgf signaling pathway do not control sox21a, knockdown of sox21a causes impairment of Fgf signaling, expansion of the Wnt signaling domain and disruption of neuromast development. These results suggest that sox21a is a key player in the pLL primordium patterning, fine‐tuning the border of the Fgf and Wnt signaling domains. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 75: 80–92, 2015
Plasticity of the thermal requirements of exotherms and adaptation to environmental conditions
Authors: Honek Alois , Martinkova Zdenka , Lukas Jan , Dixon Anthony F. G. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn exothermal organisms, temperature is an important determinant of the rate of ecophysiological processes, which monotonically increase between the minimum (td min) and maximum (td max) temperatures typical for each species. In insects, td min and td max are correlated and there is a approximately 20°C interval (thermal window WT = td max − td min) between them over which insects can develop. We assumed that other exotherms have similar thermal windows because the thermal kinetics of their physiological processes are similar. In this study, we determined the thermal requirements for germination in plants. Seeds of 125 species of Central European wild herbaceous and crop plants were germinated at nine constant temperatures between 5 and 37°C, and the time to germination of 50% of the seeds D and rate of germination R (=1/D) were determined for each temperature and the Lactin model used to determine td min, td max, and WT. The average width of the thermal windows for seeds was significantly wider (mean 24°C, 95% CI 22.7–24.2°C), varied more (between 14.5 and 37.5°C) and development occurred at lower temperatures than recorded for insects. The limiting temperatures for germination, td min and td max, were not coupled, so the width of the thermal window increased with both a decrease in td min and/or increase in td max. Variation in WT was not associated with taxonomic affiliation, adult longevity, or domestication of the different species, but tends to vary with seed size. Plants are poor at regulating their temperature and cannot move to a more suitable location and as a consequence have to cope with wider ranges in temperatures than insects and possibly do this by having wider thermal windows. Synthesis: The study indicated specificity of WT in different exotherm taxa and/or their development stages.
The ecohydrology of ecosystem transitions: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Viglizzo Ernesto F. , Nosetto Marcelo D. , Jobbágy Esteban G. , Ricard M. Florencia , Frank Federico C. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA vast body of literature demonstrated that anthropogenic disturbances such as overgrazing and fire are key drivers of abrupt transition between vegetation types in ecosystems. In this study, we propose that the hydrological context (described in terms of rainfall, evapotranspiration and water yield) is a first‐order, primordial determinant of the propensity of ecosystems to undergo transition. This implies that the anthropogenic disturbance is a second‐order determinant that is strongly conditioned by the first one. Through the meta‐analysis of existing studies, a collection of 685 geo‐referenced study cases was organized to study the hydrological characteristics of three climatic regions and three ecosystems that vary in their relation between woody and grassy plants. Thus, humid, sub‐humid and dry climatic regions, respectively, receiving >1000, 500–1000 and <500 mm year−1, were studied, and possible transition mechanisms among grasslands/savannas, shrublands and forests were analysed. The results showed that the ecohydrological context determines the probabilities of ecosystems transitions in different climatic regions and the prevalence of alternative transition mechanisms. We showed that transition of forests into other ecosystems is highly improbable in high‐precipitation regions, more probable and likely subject to a bi‐stable and reversible regime in sub‐humid regions, and highly probable and irreversible in dry regions. Factors such as runoff, deep‐water drainage, fire, flammable/nonflammable biomass and overgrazing were considered as hypothetical transition mechanisms. As a novel finding, we demonstrate that ecohydrology, as a determinant of transition, is a factor that operates at a hierarchical level higher than that of the human‐driven disturbance. A synthetic graphical model was proposed to characterize resilience (the capacity of ecosystems to withstand transition) in the three study climatic regions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of woody vegetation on shallow soil moisture at a semiarid montane catchment
Authors: Traff Devin C. , Niemann Jeffrey D. , Middlekauff Stephen A. , Lehman Brandon M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn semiarid montane regions, spatial patterns of shallow soil moisture (0–5 cm) are expected to depend on vegetation patterns and topographic attributes. In some cases, the vegetation patterns themselves depend on the topography, which makes the interaction of soil moisture, vegetation and topography especially complex. Such is the case in portions of the Colorado Front Range where many south‐facing and north‐facing slopes are primarily vegetated by mountain mahogany (Cercocarpus montanus) shrubs and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) trees, respectively. The objectives of this paper are the following: (1) to determine how the presence of a shrub or tree affects the shallow soil moisture on these distinct hillslopes and (2) to understand the main mechanisms through which the vegetation affects the shallow soil moisture. On opposing hillslopes in the Cache la Poudre catchment, soil moisture was monitored for intercanopy, shrub canopy and tree canopy locations. Throughfall, insolation, soil texture and hydrophobicity were also measured to understand the reasons for any soil moisture differences. The results suggest that the shallow soil moisture is more distinct between the canopy and intercanopy locations on the south‐facing slope than the north‐facing slope. On the south‐facing slope, intercanopy locations are less shaded by the nearby canopy because of the shorter stature of the shrubs and the orientation of this hillslope towards the sun. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Residual Life Prediction of Rotating Equipment in Thermal Power Plants Using Online Estimation with Forgetting Factor
Authors: Goto Satoru , Tsukamoto Kenta 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYIn this paper, an online deterioration prediction and residual life prediction method is proposed for maintenance of rotating equipment in thermal power plants. The condition of rotating equipment is inspected by vibration measurement. A mathematical model for the deterioration of the rotating equipment is derived in order to predict the future condition of the rotating equipment. The residual life of the rotating equipment is predicted by deterioration prediction using online estimation of the model parameters with a forgetting factor. The effectiveness of the residual life prediction method is assured by applying it to actual vibration data of rotating equipment.
Coordinated Setting of Multiple PSSs for Actual Size Power Network
Authors: Murayama Dai , Mitsumoto Kenji , Takagi Yasuo , Uemura Yoichi , Sato Koji , Shirasaki Takashi , Sakamoto Kunio 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYThe power system stabilizer (PSS) is a low‐cost method of stabilizing the intertie and local oscillations of a power network. The PSS parameters are usually adjusted based on the one‐machine infinite‐bus system model. In contrast, a real power system consists of multimachine systems. Thus, coordinated setting of the PSS parameters, with the real characteristics of the power system network taken into consideration, is expected to improve stability. For this purpose, the modal performance measure (MPM) method is used to adjust the PSS parameters. The power network mathematical model that is required for this calculation is given by the system identification method. Utilizing the MPM method characteristics, restrictions such as the damping coefficient and maximum gain, which constitute practical design specifications used for conventional controllers, are naturally introduced. Furthermore, radial basis function (RBF) frequency weighing is introduced in order to adjust the frequency responses. The expected favorable results were found in large‐scale power system simulations.
Interatrial differences of basal molecular set‐up and changes in tachycardia‐induced heart failure–a proteomic profiling study
Authors: Dietl Alexander , Winkel Ingrid , Deutzmann Rainer , Schröder Josef , Hupf Julian , Riegger Günter , Luchner Andreas , Birner Christoph 
Published: July 2014

AimsLeft and right atria show compelling differences regarding organogenesis and specific clinical diseases. In congestive heart failure (CHF), remodelling of the atria occurs leading to increased arrhythmogenic susceptibility and deterioration of clinical symptoms. We aimed to assess the basal left and right atrial molecular set‐up and different chamber‐specific atrial changes in heart failure.Methods and resultsWe combined an animal model of rapid ventricular pacing induced heart failure in the rabbit and a gel‐based proteomic screening of left and right atrial specimen. A gene ontology over‐representation analysis was performed for biological function. Ultrastructural adaptations were evaluated using transmission electron microscopy. Comparing left and right atria of healthy control animals (CTRL), 39 proteins displayed significant expression differences involving various biological functions. Upon further statistical analyses, four pathways of energy metabolism were confirmed to be significantly over‐represented beneath the other biological processes. Rapid ventricular pacing induced severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction, symptomatic heart failure and a macroscopic atrial remodelling. In CHF versus CTRL, metabolic and antioxidative enzymes were differentially expressed and showed chamber‐specific bidirectional alterations. Transmission electron microscopy visualized a remarkable and again chamber‐specific ultrastructural disturbance of mitochondrial morphology.ConclusionsOur data indicate a diverging basal left and right atrial molecular set‐up in the adult healthy heart. In addition, metabolic and antioxidative enzymes are profoundly and chamber‐specifically altered during atrial remodelling in progressive heart failure.
Symptoms of anxiety and depression and risk of heart failure: the HUNT Study
Authors: Gustad Lise T. , Laugsand Lars E. , Janszky Imre , Dalen Håvard , Bjerkeset Ottar 
Published: July 2014

AimsSymptoms of anxiety and depression often co‐exist with cardiovascular disease, yet little is known about the prospective risk for heart failure (HF) in people with symptoms of depression and anxiety. We aimed to study these prospective associations using self‐reported symptoms of anxiety, depression, and mixed symptoms of anxiety and depression (MSAD) in a large population sample.Methods and resultsIn the second wave of the Nord‐Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT 2, 1995–1997), Norway, baseline data on symptoms of anxiety and depression, socio‐demographic variables, health status including cardiovascular risk factors, and common chronic somatic diseases were registered for 62 567 adults, men and women, free of known HF. The cohort was followed for incident HF from baseline throughout 2008. A total of 1499 cases of HF occurred during a mean follow‐up of 11.3 years (SD = 2.9), identified either in hospital registers or by the National Cause of Death Registry. There was no excess risk for future HF associated with symptoms of anxiety or MSAD at baseline. For depression, the multi‐adjusted hazard ratios for HF were 1.07 (0.87–1.30) for moderate symptoms and 1.41 (1.07–1.87) for severe symptoms (P for trend 0.026). Established cardiovascular risk factors, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) prior to baseline, and adjustment for incident AMI as a time‐dependent covariate during follow‐up had little influence on the estimates.ConclusionSymptoms of depression, but not symptoms of anxiety or MSAD, were associated with increased risk for HF in a dose–response manner. The increased risk could not be fully explained by cardiovascular or socio‐economic risk factors, or by co‐morbid AMI.
Dendritic cell‐based therapeutic vaccine elicits polyfunctional HIV‐specific T‐cell immunity associated with control of viral load
Authors: Lévy Yves , Thiébaut Rodolphe , Montes Monica , Lacabaratz Christine , Sloan Louis , King Bryan , Pérusat Sophie , Harrod Carson , Cobb Amanda , Roberts Lee K. , Surenaud Mathieu , Boucherie Céline , Zurawski Sandra , Delaugerre Constance , Richert Laura , Chêne Geneviève , Banchereau Jacques , Palucka Karolina 
Published: July 2014

Efforts aimed at restoring robust immune responses limiting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐1 replication therapeutically are warranted. We report that vaccination with dendritic cells generated ex vivo and loaded with HIV lipopeptides in patients (n = 19) on antiretroviral therapy was well tolerated and immunogenic. Vaccination increased: (i) the breadth of the immune response from 1 (1–3) to 4 (2–5) peptide‐pool responses/patient (p = 0.009); (ii) the frequency of functional T cells (producing at least two cytokines among IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, and IL‐2) from 0.026 to 0.32% (p = 0.002) and from 0.26 to 0.35% (p = 0.005) for CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, respectively; and (iii) the breadth of cytokines secreted by PBMCs upon antigen exposure, including IL‐2, IFN‐γ, IL‐21, IL‐17, and IL‐13. Fifty percent of patients experienced a maximum of viral load (VL) 1 log10 lower than the other half following antiretroviral treatment interruption. An inverse correlation was found between the maximum of VL and the frequency of polyfunctional CD4+ T cells (p = 0.007), production of IL‐2 (p = 0.006), IFN‐γ (p = 0.01), IL‐21 (p = 0.006), and IL‐13 (p = 0.001). These results suggest an association between vaccine responses and a better control of viral replication. These findings will help in the development of strategies for a functional cure for HIV infection.
How Counterions Affect the Solution Structure of Polyoxoaurates: Insights from UV/Vis Spectral Simulations and Electrospray Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Kondinski Aleksandar , Vankova Nina , Schinle Florian , Jäger Patrick , Hampe Oliver , Kortz Ulrich , Heine Thomas 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe solution structure of the two presently known polyoxoaurates, [Au4As4O20]8– (Au4As4) and [Au4Se4O16]4– (Au4Se4), was elucidated by a combination of time‐dependent density‐functional‐theory (TD‐DFT) calculations, experimental UV/Vis spectroscopy, and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS). The TD‐DFT‐predicted electronic spectra for molecular models including different numbers of counterions, along with the main Au4As4 and Au4Se4 structural motifs, were analyzed and compared with the experimental UV/Vis spectra of the two polyanions. The performed analysis revealed important structural differences between the arsenate and the selenite derivatives in aqueous solution. For the selenite oxoaurate, the bare Au4Se4 polyanion itself shows very good agreement between predicted and experimental excitation energies. In contrast, the solution state of the arsenate oxoaurate appears to be best described by a dimeric assembly of the type [Na5Au8As8O40]11– (Na5Au8As8) with a stoichiometry and structure very similar to those reported for the solid state. Indirect experimental evidence that Na5Au8As8 is the dominant species in aqueous solution is provided by ESI‐MS measurements. Our work demonstrates that the combination of experimental UV/Vis spectroscopy and TD‐DFT calculations complemented with electrospray mass spectrometry may serve as an alternative strategy for rationalizing the solution chemistry of polyoxometalates, which cannot be studied by conventionally used spectroscopic techniques, such as NMR or EPR spectroscopy.
Synthesis of α,β‐Unsaturated δ‐Lactones by Vinyl Acetate Mediated Asymmetric Cross‐Aldol Reaction of Acetaldehyde: Mechanistic Insights
Authors: Kumar Manjeet , Kumar Arvind , Rizvi Masood , Mane Manoj , Vanka Kumar , Taneja Subhash C. , Shah Bhahwal Ali 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA tandem asymmetric cross‐aldol reaction involving the in situ generation of acetaldehyde from vinyl acetate has been developed that may resolve the challenges associated with the handling of acetaldehyde. The simple protocol, mild reaction conditions and unique harmony of an organocatalyst with a biocatalyst make this method a valuable tool for the synthesis of asymmetric β‐hydroxy aldehydes. By using this methodology we have accessed α,β‐unstaurated δ‐lactones as well as isochromenones with high enantioselectivities from both asymmetric β‐hydroxy aldehydes and ketones. Systemic density functional theory (DFT) studies were also performed to gain mechanistic insights into the role of hydrogen bonding in the asymmetric cross‐aldol reaction of acetaldehyde and in the key cis/trans isomerisation step in the synthesis of δ‐lactones.
The Vinylic SN Reactions of Nitrodienes with Heteroatom‐Substituted Nuchleophilies and Their Structural Studies
Authors: Deniz Nahide Gulsah , Ibis Cemil 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT:Herein, we report the reactions of 1,1,2,4,4‐pentachloro‐3‐nitro‐1,3‐butadiene 1a and (1Z)‐1‐bromo‐1,2,4,4‐tetrachloro‐3‐nitro‐1,3‐butadiene 1b with nitrogen‐ and sulfur‐containing nucleophiles to obtain highly functionalized S‐, S,S‐, S,S,S‐, S,O‐ and N,S‐substituted‐polyhalodiene‐3‐nitro‐1,3‐butadiene derivatives. Most of these reactions turned out to be highly selective with good to very good yields. All new compounds have been characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectroscopic data. The molecular structures of the 3a and 21a due to its exceptional substitution pattern were evidenced by the X‐ray single‐crystal diffraction method.
Eremophilane Glucosides from Petasites japonicus
Authors: Wang Guangyin , Zhang Junzeng , Kulka Marianna , Guo Fujiang , Li Yiming 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThree new eremophilane glucosides, namely, petasitosides A–C, and seven known eremophilane‐type sesquiterpenoids were isolated from the roots of Petasites japonicus. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques including 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. This is the first report on eremophilane glycosides from the genus Petasites.
Formation of Phosphorylated 3H‐Pyrroles from NefIsocyanidePerkow Adducts and Tosylmethyl Isocyanide
Authors: Yavari Issa , Ghanbari Ehsan , Hosseinpour Reza 
Published: July 2014

AbstractImidoyl chlorides, generated from isocyanides and acyl chlorides, react with trialkyl phosphites, in a Perkow‐type reaction, to afford 3‐(alkylimino)‐2‐[(dialkyloxyphosphoryl)oxy]acrylates, which undergo a smooth reaction with tosylmethyl isocyanide (TsMIC) to furnish 4‐(alkylamino)‐3‐[(dialkyloxyphosphoryl)oxy]‐5‐[(4‐methylphenyl)sulfonyl]‐3H‐pyrrole‐3‐carboxylates in moderate‐to‐good yields.
Tigliane Diterpene Esters from the Leaves of Croton tiglium
Authors: Ren Feng‐Xia , Ren Feng‐Zhi , Yang Yu , Yu Neng‐Jiang , Zhang Yang , Zhao Yi‐Min 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThree new tigliane‐type diterpene esters, 1–3 with unusual 7‐oxo‐5‐ene or 7‐hydroxy‐5‐ene moieties in their skeletons, were isolated from the leaves of Croton tiglium. Their structures were unambiguously elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data.
Three New Prenylated Diketopiperazines from Neosartorya fischeri
Authors: Zheng Zhen‐Zhen , Shan Wei‐Guang , Wang Shi‐Lei , Ying You‐Min , Ma Lie‐Feng , Zhan Zha‐Jun 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThree new prenylated 2,5‐diketopiperazines, namely neofipiperazines A–C (1–3, resp.), were isolated from the culture of Neosartorya fischeri CGMCC 3.5378, together with six known ones. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic analysis, especially HR‐ESI‐MS and NMR experiments. All the prenylated diketopiperazines, except 7, were isolated for the first time from the species.
Retrospective View on Recent Developments in Cyclobutane Synthesis via [2+2] Photocycloaddition of Unsaturated Ketones to Acyclic Dienes
Authors: Margaretha Paul 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis synopsis addresses cyclobutane formation via light‐induced [2+2] cycloaddition from both cyclic and acyclic unsaturated carbonyl compounds, and 2,3‐dimethylbuta‐1,3‐diene