bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of radiography for diagnosis of apical infection of equine cheek teeth
Authors: Isgren C. M. , Townsend N. B. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryDespite recent developments in advanced imaging, radiography remains the most commonly employed imaging modality for investigating apical infection of cheek teeth in horses. Radiographic technique, knowledge of the normal anatomy and horse compliance are paramount for acquiring good quality dental radiographs. Interpretation of subtle pathology can be difficult for even the most experienced radiologist; however, in more chronic cases, identification of dental abnormalities is easier.
Remaining questions in the case for balanced harvesting
Authors: Burgess Matthew G , Diekert Florian K , Jacobsen Nis S , Andersen Ken H , Gaines Steven D 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBalanced harvesting – harvesting all species and sizes in an ecosystem in proportion to their productivity – is a fisheries management strategy that has been suggested recently to increase yields, while reducing overall ecosystem impact. However, some aspects of balanced harvesting are controversial, including its call for extensive harvesting of juveniles and forage fish. Balanced harvesting also calls for targeting species and size‐classes that are not currently marketable, possibly at a significant economic cost. Some have argued that this cost is outweighed by the ecological benefits of maintaining the ecosystem size and trophic structures and by the benefits of extra yield for food security. There is broad consensus that balanced harvesting would require major changes to fishery management institutions and consumer behaviour, and it is unclear to what extent it is physically possible with current technologies. For this reason, we argue that steps to implement balanced harvesting are difficult to justify until the case for it is more clearly resolved. We outline some of the pivotal questions that must be answered to make a convincing case for or against balanced harvesting, many of which can be answered empirically. In identifying these questions, we hope to offer a constructive path forward in resolving some of the key issues in the balanced harvesting debate.
Does class attendance matter? Results from a second‐year medical school dermatology cohort study
Authors: Eisen Daniel B. , Schupp Clayton W. , Isseroff Rivkah R. , Ibrahimi Omar A. , Ledo Lynda , Armstrong April W. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the impacts of class attendance and learning preferences on academic performance in dermatology.ObjectivesThis study was designed to examine the effects of medical student class attendance and learning preferences on students' academic performance in an introductory dermatology course.MethodsA total of 101 second‐year medical students enrolled in a required introductory dermatology course were surveyed regarding their learning preferences. Records of class attendance and scores on the final examination were reviewed.ResultsThe most frequently cited reason for attending classes was social expectation (96%), whereas the least cited was learning well in a classroom‐type setting (65%). The top reasons cited by students for not attending classes were availability of lectures online (35%), preference for individual study outside the classroom setting (26%), and the inconvenience of traveling to class (24%). Multivariate analysis found no statistically significant relationship between class attendance and performance on the final examination (estimate −0.074, standard error 0.12; P = 0.54) after adjusting for sex, age, Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) score, having children at home, and reason for attending class. Those who prefer to learn by watching online videos scored significantly higher on the final examination (prefer online videos: 87 ± 5.5; neutral: 86 ± 5.9; do not prefer online videos: 82 ± 2.6 [P = 0.049]).ConclusionsClass attendance was not associated with improved academic performance in a dermatology course. Those who preferred to learn by watching online videos demonstrated a higher level of performance than those who did not prefer to learn this way.
Serum levels of thymus and activation‐regulated chemokine can be used in the clinical evaluation of atopic dermatitis
Authors: Gu Chao‐Ying , Gu Lei , Dou Xia 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by the predominant infiltration of Th2‐type cells in lesional skin. Thymus and activation‐regulated chemokine (TARC) is overproduced in AD patients, and its serum levels are significantly higher in individuals with AD than in those with other inflammatory skin diseases.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to examine whether serum levels of TARC can assess the severity of AD and be used in the clinical evaluation of AD.MethodsA total of 73 AD patients, 11 patients with generalized atopic eczema (AE), and 30 healthy control subjects were enrolled. SCORAD (SCORing of Atopic Dermatitis) indices were calculated according to skin symptom scores. The Th2 chemokines TARC kit was then used to obtain serum TARC values in each group. Finally, statistical analysis was used to identify any correlations between serum TARC level and SCORAD index in AD and AE patients.ResultsMean serum TARC values were 159.95 in healthy controls, 146.46 in the mild AD group, 202.71 in the moderate AD group, 1216.61 in the severe AD group and 1554.50 in the severe AE group. The serum TARC level was significantly correlated with SCORAD score in AD patients (P < 0.01). However, there was no significant correlation between SCORAD score and TARC in AE patients (P = 0.610).ConclusionsThe serum TARC level can be used to assess the severity of AD and as a reference index for the fast clinical evaluation of AD.
Ureteral relaxation through calcitonin gene‐related peptide release from sensory nerve terminals by hypotonic solution
Authors: Materazzi Serena , Minocci Daiana , De Siena Gaetano , Benemei Silvia , Nassini Romina 
Published: June 2015

ObjectivesTo evaluate the influence of hypotonic solutions on ureteral relaxation mediated by the release of calcitonin gene‐related peptide from intramural sensory nerve endings.MethodsUrine osmolarity of Sprague–Dawley rats drinking water low in salt content (Fiuggi water) or a reference water for 7 days was measured. Release of calcitonin gene‐related peptide‐like immunoreactivity from slices of rat ureter and urinary bladder by hypotonic solutions was assessed by an immunometric assay. The mechanism through which hypotonic solutions inhibit neurokinin A‐induced phasic contractions of isolated rat ureters was evaluated by organ bath studies.ResultsA 7‐day consumption of Fiuggi water in rats reduced urine osmolarity by ~40%. Exposure to hypotonic solutions released calcitonin gene‐related peptide‐like immunoreactivity from slices of rat ureter. This response was abated in a calcium‐free medium, after capsaicin desensitization, and in the presence of the unselective transient receptor potential channel antagonist, ruthenium red. Exposure of isolated rat ureteral preparations to a hypotonic solution inhibited neurokinin A‐evoked phasic contraction. This response was attenuated by capsaicin desensitization and in the presence of the calcitonin gene‐related peptide receptor antagonist, calcitonin gene‐related peptide8‐37. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 or transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 antagonists did not affect the neurogenic and calcitonin gene‐related peptide‐dependent relaxation.ConclusionPresent data show that hypotonic solution evokes calcitonin gene‐related peptide release from capsaicin‐sensitive intramural sensory nerves, thus inhibiting ureteral contractility, through a transient receptor potential‐dependent mechanism. However, this mechanism does not involve transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 or transient receptor potential vanilloid 4. Future studies with appropriate in vivo models should investigate the hypothesis that hypostenuric urine diffusing into the ureteral tissue might favor ureteral relaxation through this novel mechanism.
HOW TO RECOGNIZE A HERO IN EURIPIDES' ELECTRA
Authors: WOHL VICTORIA 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Why were the heroes of Greek tragedy all elite? Why in the premier genre of democratic Athens should the action always be performed by noblemen and not by, say, a poor farmer? Euripides' Electra raises this question and dramatizes its stakes. It poses the possibility of a non-elite hero – in fact, a farmer – only to show how and why this radical premise fails to pan out. The famous recognition scene compels the audience to recognize Orestes as the play's hero based on literary allusions and theatrical conventions, and in the process to disavow the egalitarian reality the play itself has staged. Electra does not ultimately answer the question why the tragic protagonist has to be elite, but it does reveal the consequences, political and dramatic, of accepting that necessity. In so doing, it exposes both the utopian potential of tragedy and its limits, and challenges us in the audience to acknowledge our role in both.
TEXTUAL NOTES ON HERODAS MIM. 8, ENHYPNION OR THE DREAM
Authors: FURLEY WILLIAM 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Herodas' Eighth Mime, The Dream (Enhypnion) is a fascinating but unfortunately very poorly preserved account of a dream in which the ‘I’ of the piece encounters Dionysos himself in a revel involving askoliasmos, jumping on an inflated wine-skin. The narrator's success in the competition is equated at the close with a prediction about the future success of Herodas' limping iambics in the literary mêlée. The present piece results from a re-examination of the major papyrus source for this piece in the British Library, proposing new, or possible alternative readings, for lines 15, 44, 45, 70, 72, 76–79. Perhaps the most significant is new evidence for an epithet of Dionysos Lyaios, as the word λύη, commotion, seems preferable to previous editors' λείη, plunder, in line 45.
Critical Evaluation and Thermodynamic Modeling of the MgO–MnO–Mn2O3–SiO2 System
Authors: Panda Sourav Kumar , Cao Zhanmin , Jung In‐Ho 
Published: June 2015

A complete literature review, critical evaluation, and thermodynamic optimization of phase diagrams and thermodynamic properties of the MgO–MnO–Mn2O3–SiO2 system at 1 atm pressure are presented. The molten oxide phase was described by the Modified Quasichemical Model considering the short‐range ordering in molten oxide, and the Gibbs energies of solid solutions were described using the Compound Energy Formalism considering the crystal structure of each solid solution. A set of optimized model parameters of all phases was obtained which reproduces all available and reliable thermodynamic data and phase diagrams within experimental error limits from 25°C to above the liquidus temperatures over the entire range of composition under the oxygen partial pressures from metallic saturation to 1 atm. The database of the model parameters can be used along with software for the Gibbs energy minimization to calculate any phase diagram section and thermodynamic property within the present system.
High‐Temperature Aging of Plasma Sprayed Quasi‐Eutectoid LaYbZr2O7‐Part I: Phase Evolution
Authors: Ren Xiaorui , Zhao Meng , Wan Chunlei , Zheng Yixin , Pan Wei 
Published: June 2015

Phase and microstructure stability is an important issue for the durability and performance of thermal barrier coating (TBC) materials which have to work at high temperature for long time. In this work, we present a meta‐stable structure LaYbZr2O7 by air plasma spraying process, which can convert into thermodynamically stable fine‐grained quasi‐eutectoid structure with enhanced thermal insulation properties even under high‐temperature annealing. In this part, we first report on the phase composition and relationship in the LaYbZr2O7 coatings. The as‐sprayed LaYbZr2O7 coatings initially exhibited a mixture of amorphous phase and a nonequilibrium fluorite phase. Then it underwent a fast crystallization and a quasi‐eutectoid transformation during the first few hours of annealing at 1300°C. The phase constitution quickly reached an equilibrium state consisting of La‐rich pyrochlore phase and Yb2Zr2O7 fluorite phase after 6 h annealing and kept stable ever since. Coherent phase boundaries were observed between the La‐rich pyrochlore and Yb2Zr2O7 fluorite phase, indicating a lower interface energy, a lower ionic diffusion rate, a higher strength and creeping resistance of this material at high temperature, all of which could be particularly advantageous to a TBC material for high‐temperature gas turbine applications.
Am I covered?': an analysis of a national enquiry database on scope of practice
Authors: Brady Anne‐Marie , Fealy Gerard , Casey Mary , Hegarty Josephine , Kennedy Catriona , McNamara Martin , O'Reilly Pauline , Prizeman Geraldine , Rohde Daniela 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimAnalysis of a national database of enquiries to a professional body pertaining to the scope of nursing and midwifery practice.BackgroundAgainst a backdrop of healthcare reform is a demand for flexibility in nursing and midwifery roles with unprecedented redefinition of role boundaries and/or expansion. Guidance from professional regulatory bodies is being sought around issues of concern that are arising in practice.DesignQualitative thematic analysis.MethodThe database of telephone enquiries (n = 9818) made by Registered Nurses and midwives to a national regulatory body (2001–2013) was subjected to a cleaning process and examined to detect those concerns that pertained to scope of practice. A total of 978 enquires were subjected to thematic analysis.FindingsEnquiries were concerned with three main areas: medication management, changing and evolving scope of practice and professional role boundaries. The context was service developments, staff shortages and uncertainty about role expansion and professional accountability. Other concerns related to expectations around responsibility and accountability for other support staff.ConclusionEfforts by employers to maximize the skill mix of their staff and optimally deploy staff to meet service needs and/or address gaps in service represented the primary service context from which many enquiries arose. The greatest concern for nurses arises around medication management but innovation in healthcare delivery and the demands of service are also creating challenges for nurses and midwives. Maintaining and developing competence is a concern among nurses and midwives particularly in an environment of limited resources and where re‐deployment is common.
Effects of an in‐hospital nursing intervention on changing illness perceptions in patients with injury
Authors: Lee Bih‐O. , Chien Chi‐Sheng , Hung Chang‐Chiao , Chou Pi‐Ling 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a nursing intervention in changing the illness perceptions of injured patients.BackgroundIllness perceptions have been found to be among the important patient outcomes after an injury. Research has suggested that a designed intervention might be an effective means of shaping injured patients' illness perceptions.DesignAn experimental study design was employed.MethodsA total of 82 injured patients completed this study, with 42 in the experimental group and 40 in the control group. Data were collected from 2011–2013. A trained nurse practitioner delivered an in‐hospital nursing intervention according to self‐regulatory theory. The outcome measure was the change in illness perceptions of injury among the patients as measured by the Chinese Illness Perception Questionnaire Revised‐Trauma (the ChineseIPQ‐R‐Trauma), which comprises eight subscales. The experimental and control groups were followed up via telephone survey 3 months after discharge. The generalized estimating equations were used to analyse the data.ResultsThe results showed statistically significant differences on two subscales of the ChineseIPQ‐R‐Trauma, Identity and Controllability, before and after the intervention. Results for the remaining six subscales did not change significantly. The findings indicate that the intervention resulted in a decrease in injury‐related physical symptoms and in increases in positive perceptions among patients about controlling their postinjury condition.ConclusionsThis nursing intervention led to changes in patients' illness perceptions and potentially improved the patients' self‐regulation after their injuries. Future research can be conducted to enhance the effectiveness of the intervention protocol.
A survey on the current status of pediatric nursing human resources in Sichuan province of China
Authors: Wan Xingli , Feng Xianqiong 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the status of pediatric nurses in Sichuan province of China, and to compare the status with the national standards.MethodsThis study used a convenience sample of hospitals with pediatric departments in Sichuan province. A list of hospitals was obtained from the Health and Family Planning Commission of Sichuan province. Fifty hospitals with pediatric departments were selected to receive questionnaires. Thirty‐nine hospitals responded and 38 responses were valid. Bed‐to‐nurse ratios were evaluated. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare the bed‐to‐nurse ratios among the studied hospitals and the Chinese national standard.ResultsIn the 38 surveyed hospitals, the average bed‐to‐nurse ratio was 1:0.57 and the average physician‐to‐nurse ratio was 1:1.53. The average bed‐to nurse ratio in the pediatric departments was 1:0.51. The average bed‐to‐nurse ratio in the pediatric inpatient wards was 1:0.40. There were significant differences in the average bed‐to‐nurse ratios in the pediatric departments (Z = −2.149, P = 0.032) and the pediatric inpatient wards (Z = −2.328, P = 0.020) between general hospitals and specialty hospitals. There were significant differences between the average bed‐to‐nurse ratios in tertiary‐level hospitals (Z = −4.178, P < 0.0001) and the pediatric inpatient wards of the surveyed hospitals (Z = –4.518, P < 0.0001) and the national standard.ConclusionThere is a nursing shortage in tertiary‐level hospitals and some grade‐A specialty hospitals in Sichuan, China. The shortage is worse in pediatric inpatient wards, especially in the general hospitals and some grade‐B specialty hospitals. Hospital administrations need to understand the situation and offer strategies to cope for routine nursing management as well as disaster management.
Why do men suffering from LUTS seek primary medical care? A qualitative study
Authors: Lammers Huub A. , van Wijnhoven Roselie , Teunissen Theodora A. M. , Harmsen Sheila , Lagro‐Janssen Antonie L. M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesLower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are common problems among men, but only a small proportion actually visit their general practitioner (GP). This study aims to gain insight into the reasons why men visit a doctor, and their expectations.MethodsWe opted to perform a qualitative study with semi‐structured interviews among men aged over 50 years who consulted their GP because of suffering from LUTS. All interviews were fully transcribed and coded and analysed by two researchers using ATLAS.ti.ResultsWe interviewed 18 men between the ages of 52 and 80. Frequently mentioned reasons for seeking help can be grouped under three main themes: a wish for reassurance about not having prostate cancer, the nuisance of symptoms such as nycturia and being triggered by public information about LUTS. Most participants lacked an understanding of the cause and prognosis of their symptoms.ConclusionThe main reasons to seek primary medical care are the need for reassurance and the nuisance of symptoms, especially nycturia. Overall, the patients show remarkably poor knowledge about their symptoms.
Grace under fire: aesthetic leadership in clinical nursing
Authors: Mannix Judy , Wilkes Lesley , Daly John 
Published: June 2015

Aims and objectivesThis paper reports the results of an online descriptive survey that sought to determine nurses’ perceptions of aesthetic leadership among clinical leaders in nursing.BackgroundClinical leadership has been identified as an essential component to ensuring the delivery of safe, high‐quality health care. Leadership has been increasingly linked in the literature to aesthetics. However, little consideration has been given to aesthetics in relation to clinical leadership in nursing.DesignA mixed‐method, online descriptive survey.MethodsParticipants were recruited via e‐learning platforms and social media. A total of 66 surveys were completed, including 31 written accounts of aesthetic leadership in practice.ResultsAesthetic leadership characteristics in clinical leaders most valued are support, communication and the approach taken to colleagues. Taking risks and challenging processes were least likely to be evident among effective clinical leaders.ConclusionAesthetic leadership is multi‐dimensional and a style of leadership to positively influence the clinical workplace. Support, effective communication and taking into consideration the feelings of colleagues are important dimensions of aesthetic leadership.Relevance to clinical practiceAesthetic leadership represents a way for clinical leaders to create and sustain a calm and positive clinical workplace.
Uncovering Micro‐Practices and Pathways of Engagement That Scale Up Social‐Driven Collaborations: A Practice View of Power
Authors: Tello‐Rozas Sonia , Pozzebon Marlei , Mailhot Chantale 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis paper explores how large‐scale social‐driven collaborations might grow in scale and help promote political change. We present the results of a qualitative investigation of a complex platform where multiple and hybrid collaborations co‐exist and where civil society plays a central role. Based on a longitudinal comparative case study, we draw a processual model describing micro‐practices and pathways of engagement. We show that the emergence of these collaborations requires a new type of convener, one that is able to manage the interplay between the sharing/co‐creation of abundant resources and the coordinated decentralization of informal authority. Our study extends existing debates on the role of resources and authority, showing the complementarity between possession and practice perspectives of power. Finally, we identified synergies between collaboration and social movement literatures, particularly showing that large‐scale collaborations could be mobilized to refine social movement agendas and achieve more purposive collective action.
HYDROCARBON EXPLORATION POTENTIAL OF MONTENEGRO – A BRIEF REVIEW
Authors: Bega Z. 
Published: June 2015

Geological and geophysical data generated during the mid‐1990s and early 2000s indicate that the Montenegro – NW Albania area may have hydrocarbon potential. Thrust‐related structures and sub‐thrust autochthonous Mesozoic platform carbonates in the Dinaride‐Albanide fold‐and‐thrust belt are potential exploration targets. Potential play types include structurally inverted autochthonous platform carbonates both on‐ and offshore Montenegro, and platform build‐up closures located offshore. Potential source rocks are of Cretaceous age, analogous to those at oil discoveries in the Southern Apennines, and have been modelled to generate economic volumes of light oils which may be trapped in fractured shallow‐water carbonates and sealed by deep‐water Oligocene shales.The Neogene succession in Montenegro is dominated by turbidite sandstones which have the potential to contain biogenic gas. Structural and stratigraphic traps have been identified in 2D and 3D seismic reflection profiles but no wells have tested this play to date. However the biogenic gas play is considered to be of less importance than the potential oil play involving Mesozoic carbonates.