bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What is the process of a comprehensive mental health nursing assessment? Results from a qualitative study
Authors: Coombs T. , Curtis J. , Crookes P. 
Published: October 2012

COOMBS T., CURTIS J. & CROOKES P. (2013) What is the process of a comprehensive mental health nursing assessment? Results from a qualitative study. International Nursing Review60, 96–102Background:  It is a truism that nursing care must be informed by assessment, otherwise how can one know what care is required or that it has been successfully delivered? Yet, little is known about the process of comprehensive mental health nursing assessment in practice. If the education of mental health nurses is to be effective, it is essential that the key content of, and the processes involved in carrying out a mental health nursing assessment in practice are able to be articulated to learners.Aim:  To identify the processes of assessment that occur in mental health nursing practice based on interviews with mental health nurses working in clinical and management roles in clinical areas.Method:  Interviews were undertaken with 18 nurses who worked in inpatient and community mental health settings either as clinicians or managers. The nurses ranged from new graduates to those with more than 20 years of experience.Findings and discussion:  Clear processes were reported to be involved in undertaking a comprehensive mental health nursing assessment in practice, with three main themes emerging during analysis. First is the importance of engaging the patient; second is tell me what the problem is? with one subtheme reconcile inconsistencies; and finally, the ongoing nature of the assessment process.Conclusion:  Common processes emerged when the nurses described their individual approaches to undertaking comprehensive mental health assessment. The results have important policy implications for the educational preparation of mental health nurses, their ongoing supervision and further research into contemporary mental health nursing practice.
Governance and Rural Development: The Case of the Rural Partnership Programme (RPP) in Post‐Socialist Lithuania
Authors: Macken‐Walsh Áine , Curtin Christopher 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe aim of this article is to contribute to the debate on how governance and rural development may operate in the alternative political setting of Central and Eastern Europe. Presenting a case study of a UK‐funded Rural Partnership Programme (RPP) implemented in the Ukmerge District of Lithuania, crucial determinants on the operation of the governance and rural development model that arise from characteristics of the post‐socialist rural environment are identified and discussed. Three channels of influence on the operation of the RPP in this post‐socialist case study District are explored: the recent period of transition; historical experiences of socialism; and local variations within the Ukmerge District.
Distinguishing Belief and Imagination
Authors: Sinhababu Neil 
Published: October 2012

AbstractSome philosophers (including Urmson, Humberstone, Shah, and Velleman) hold that believing that p distinctively involves applying a norm according to which the truth of p is a criterion for the success or correctness of the attitude. On this view, imagining and assuming differ from believing in that no such norm is applied. I argue against this view with counterexamples showing that applying the norm of truth is neither necessary nor sufficient for distinguishing believing from imagining and assuming. Then I argue that the different functional properties of these mental states are enough to distinguish them, and that norm‐application doesn't help us draw the functional distinctions.
Group Level Interpretations of Probability: New Directions
Authors: Rowbottom Darrell P. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIn this article, I present some new group level interpretations of probability, and champion one in particular: a consensus‐based variant where group degrees of belief are construed as agreed upon betting quotients rather than shared personal degrees of belief. One notable feature of the account is that it allows us to treat consensus between experts on some matter as being on the union of their relevant background information. In the course of the discussion, I also introduce a novel distinction between intersubjective and interobjective interpretations of probability.
Association of a Tgf‐B1‐509c/T Polymorphism with Gastric Cancer Risk: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Li Kang , Xia Fan , Zhang Kai , Mo Anwei , Liu Li 
Published: October 2012

SummaryPublished data on the association between the transforming growth factor B1 (TGF‐B1) gene 509C/T polymorphism and gastric cancer risk are inconclusive. To derive a more precise estimation of the relationship, a meta‐analysis of the TGFB1‐509C/T polymorphism (with 2130 cases and 2374 controls) from seven published case‐control studies was performed. Crude odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of association in the codominant model, the dominant model, and the recessive model. In the overall analysis, the T allele was significantly associated with susceptibility to gastric cancer in the recessive model (TT vs. CC+CT) (TT vs. CC+CT: OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.10–1.66, P = 0.10 for heterogeneity) when all the included studies were pooled into the meta‐analysis. In the stratified analysis by country, the T allele was also found to be significantly associated with increased gastric cancer risk in the recessive model (TT vs. CC+CT) in Chinese studies and in T versus C in the Indian study. In conclusion, this meta‐analysis supports the TGFB1‐509T polymorphism as a susceptibility factor for gastric cancer.
Prospect theory does not describe the feedback‐related negativity value function
Authors: Sambrook Thomas D. , Roser Matthew , Goslin Jeremy 
Published: October 2012

AbstractHumans handle uncertainty poorly. Prospect theory accounts for this with a value function in which possible losses are overweighted compared to possible gains, and the marginal utility of rewards decreases with size. fMRI studies have explored the neural basis of this value function. A separate body of research claims that prediction errors are calculated by midbrain dopamine neurons. We investigated whether the prospect theoretic effects shown in behavioral and fMRI studies were present in midbrain prediction error coding by using the feedback‐related negativity, an ERP component believed to reflect midbrain prediction errors. Participants’ stated satisfaction with outcomes followed prospect theory but their feedback‐related negativity did not, instead showing no effect of marginal utility and greater sensitivity to potential gains than losses.
Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in a Moroccan dialysis center and isolates characterization
Authors: Oumokhtar Bouchra , Elazhari Mohamed , Timinouni Mohammed , Bendahhou Karima , Bennani Bahia , Mahmoud Mustapha , El Ouali Lalami Abelhakim , Berrada Sanae , Arrayhani Mohammed , Squalli Houssaini Tariq 
Published: October 2012

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus, which has its ecological niche in the anterior nares, has been shown to cause a variety of infectious diseases mainly for patients in hemodialysis units. We performed this study to evaluate the prevalence of nasal S. aureus carriage among hemodialysis outpatients, to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates, to characterize the virulence genes, and to identify associated risk factors. Nares swab specimens were obtained from 70 outpatients on hemodialysis between March and June 2010. Samples were plated immediately onto S. aureus specific media and pattern of antibacterial sensitivity was determined using disk diffusion method. Polymerase chain reaction was used to detect nuc, mecA, and genes encoding staphylococcal toxins. Medical record of patients was explored to determine S.aureus carriage risk factors. Nasal screening identified 42.9% S. aureus carriers with only one (3.3%) methicillin‐resistant S. aureus isolate. Among the methicillin‐susceptible S. aureus isolates, high rate of penicillin resistance (81.8%) has been detected. The identified risk factors were male gender and age ≤ 30 years. Research of virulence factors showed a high genetic diversity among the 30 S. aureus isolates. Twenty‐one (70%) of them had at least one virulence gene, of which 3.3% were Panton‐Valentine leukocidin (lukS/F‐PV) genes. S. aureus carriage must be screened for at regular intervals in hemodialysis patients. Setting up a bacterial surveillance system is one of the strategies to understand the epidemiology of methicillin‐resistant S. aureus, to guide local antibiotic policy and prevent spread of antibiotic‐resistant S. aureus.
Effect of Drug Use and Influence of Abstinence on Sexual Functioning in a Spanish Male Drug-Dependent Sample: A Multisite Study
Authors: Vallejo-Medina Pablo , Sierra Juan Carlos 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
To date, it has been difficult to address the issue of sexual functioning and drug use, and many approaches to it have basic problems and methodological errors.

Aim
The present cross-sectional study compared the sexual functioning scores of a group of drug users with those of a group of nondrug users. It explored the relationship between drug abstinence and sexual functioning.

Main Outcome Measures
A sample of 905 males participated in this study (549 met the substance dependence criteria and 356 were controls). All of them were assessed with the Changes in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire-Drugs version.

Method
The assessment was conducted from September 2009 to January 2011. The clinical sample was evaluated in nine different substance abuse treatment facilities.

Results
Results show that, overall, all dimensions (pleasure, desire, arousal, and orgasm) were moderately impaired. Yet, differences regarding preferred substance were observed. Pleasure and orgasm were the two areas most significantly impaired. In these areas, all drugs seemed to negatively affect sexual functioning. However, desire and arousal were not affected by all the substances. In addition, at least after 2 weeks of drug abstinence, no relationship was found between drug abstinence and improvement in sexual functioning. The sample studied had an average of 1 year of drug abstinence and was found to have poorer sexual functioning than the control group.

Conclusions
Therefore, these results seem to contradict those that argue that drug use only impairs sexual functioning temporarily. Moreover, they suggest that sexual functioning does not improve just by stopping drug use.
Use of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs among Healthy People and Specific Cerebrovascular Safety
Authors: Fosbøl Emil L. , Olsen Anne-Marie Schjerning , Olesen Jonas Bjerring , Andersson Charlotte , Kober Lars , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Gislason Gunnar H. 
Published: October 2012

Background Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can increase bleeding and thrombosis, but little is known about the cerebrovascular safety of these drugs, especially among healthy people. Aims The aim of this study was to examine the risk of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke associated with the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in healthy people. Methods By individual-level linkage of nationwide administrative registers in Denmark, information on hospital admissions, prescription claims, vital status, and cause of death were obtained. A cohort of healthy people without hospital admissions for five-years and no important prescription claims for two-years was selected. Case crossover and Cox proportional hazard models were used to analyze the relationship between nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug utilization and specific cerebrovascular risk (fatal or non-fatal ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke). Results We selected 1 028 437 healthy individuals (median age 39 years). At least one nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug was claimed by 44·7% of the study population, and the drugs were generally used for a short period of time and in low doses. High-dose ibuprofen and diclofenac were associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke [hazard ratio 2·15 (95% confidence interval 1·66–2·79) and 2·37 (confidence interval 1·99–2·81), respectively]. Diclofenac was also associated with increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke and so was naproxen [hazard ratio 2·15 (confidence interval 1·35–3·42)]. Conclusions In healthy individuals, use of commonly available nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen, diclofenac, and naproxen was associated with increased risk of stroke.
Computational investigations of baffle configuration effects on the performance of primary sedimentation tanks
Authors: Shahrokhi Mahdi , Rostami Fatemeh , Md Said Md Azlin , Sabbagh Yazdi Saeed Reza , Syafalni Syafalni 
Published: October 2012

AbstractTo increase the performance of a primary sedimentation tank (clarifier), it is essential to have a uniform and calm flow field. The use of suitable baffle configurations may help forming favourable flow field and increase the efficiency of the primary sedimentation tank. To find the proper position and height of a baffle in a rectangular primary sedimentation tank, computational investigations are performed. Also, laboratory experiments are conducted to verify the numerical results, and the measured velocity fields that were by acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV) are used. The results of computational investigations performed in the present study indicate that the favourable flow field (uniform in the settling zone) would be enhanced for the case that the baffle position and height provide small circulation regions volume, or the recirculation region forms a small portion of the flow field and dissipate the kinetic energy in the tank.
Development of prostate cancer in a patient with primary hypogonadism: intratumoural steroidogenesis in prostate cancer tissues
Authors: Arai S. , Shibata Y. , Nakamura Y. , Kashiwagi B. , Uei T. , Tomaru Y. , Miyashiro Y. , Honma S. , Hashimoto K. , Sekine Y. , Ito K. , Sasano H. , Suzuki K. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryIntratumoural steroidogenesis may play a significant role in the progression of prostate cancer (PC) in the context of long‐term ablation of circulating testosterone (T). To clarify the mechanism accounting for the progression of PC in a 74‐year‐old man who had undergone bilateral orchiectomy when he was 5 years old, we performed immunohistochemical studies of androgen receptor (AR) and steroidogenic enzymes in the prostate. We also measured steroid hormone levels in the serum and prostate, as well as mRNA levels of genes mediating androgen metabolism in the prostate. Positive nuclear staining of AR was detected in malignant epithelial cells. The levels of androstenedione (Adione), T, and 5‐alpha dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in the serum of the patient were similar to those in PC patients receiving neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), but were higher in the patient's prostate than in PC patients not receiving ADT. The gene expression of CYP17A1 and HSD3B1 was not detected, whereas that of STS, HSD3B2, AKR1C3, SRD5A1, and SRD5A2 was detected. Moreover, cytoplasmic staining of HSD3B2, AKR1C3, SRD5A1, and SRD5A2 was detected in malignant epithelial cells. Hence, in the present case (a man with primary hypogonadism), steroidogenesis in PC tissues from adrenal androgens, especially dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, was the mechanism accounting for progression of PC. This mechanism might help elucidate the development of castration‐resistant PC.
Emergence and Communication in Computational Sociology
Authors: Salgado Mauricio , Gilbert Nigel 
Published: October 2012

AbstractComputational sociology models social phenomena using the concepts of emergence and downward causation. However, the theoretical status of these concepts is ambiguous; they suppose too much ontology and are invoked by two opposed sociological interpretations of social reality: the individualistic and the holistic. This paper aims to clarify those concepts and argue in favour of their heuristic value for social simulation. It does so by proposing a link between the concept of emergence and Luhmann's theory of communication. For Luhmann, society emerges from the bottom‐up as communication and he describes the process by which society limits the possible selections of individuals as downward causation. It is argued that this theory is well positioned to overcome some epistemological drawbacks in computational sociology.
Who Would Benefit from Solifenacin Add‐On Therapy to Tamsulosin for Overactive Bladder Symptoms Associated with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia?
Authors: OBATA Jun , MATSUMOTO Kazuhiro , YAMANAKA Hiroyuki , NINOMIYA Akiharu , NAKAMURA So 
Published: October 2012

Objectives: We evaluated the types of patient factors that influence the efficacy and safety of solifenacin add‐on therapy to tamsulosin in men with overactive bladder (OAB) associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Methods: A total of 130 BPH patients with persistent OAB symptoms despite undergoing alpha1‐adrenagic antagonist monotherapy were enrolled in this study. Their OAB symptoms persisted after monotherapy consisting of tamsulosin 0.2 mg once daily for more than 8 weeks, followed by subsequent solifenacin 5 mg once daily. The patient backgrounds were assessed, as were the changes in their International Prostate Symptom score (IPSS), Quality of Life (QOL) index, and Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS) before and 8 weeks after the administration of solifenacin.Results: Total IPSS, QOL index, and OABSS improved significantly following solifenacin administration. Multivariate analyses revealed prostate volume was the only predictor that contributed to the improvement of total IPSS. In patients with prostate volume <30 mL, the improvement in total IPSS (−3.5) was superior to that for prostate volume >30 mL (−0.5; P = 0.002). The data also demonstrated that diabetes mellitus was an independent factor preventing OABSS improvement. In patients with diabetes mellitus, OABSS was not sufficiently improved (−0.6) compared to patients without diabetes (−2.1; P < 0.001).Conclusion: Solifenacin add‐on therapy to tamsulosin showed efficacy and good tolerability in BPH patients with OAB symptoms. The findings also indicated that patients with a relatively small prostate and without diabetes mellitus would receive more benefit from this therapy.
A coupled phylogeographical and species distribution modelling approach recovers the demographical history of a Neotropical seasonally dry forest tree species
Authors: Collevatti Rosane G. , Terribile Levi Carina , Lima‐Ribeiro Matheus S. , Nabout João C. , de Oliveira Guilherme , Rangel Thiago F. , Rabelo Suelen G. , Diniz‐Filho Jose A. F. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWe investigated here the demographical history of Tabebuia impetiginosa (Bignoniaceae) to understand the dynamics of the disjunct geographical distribution of South American seasonally dry forests (SDFs), based on coupling an ensemble approach encompassing hindcasting species distribution modelling and statistical phylogeographical analysis. We sampled 17 populations (280 individuals) in central Brazil and analysed the polymorphisms at chloroplast (trnS‐trnG, psbA‐trnH, and ycf6‐trnC intergenic spacers) and nuclear (ITS nrDNA) genomes. Phylogenetic analyses based on median‐joining network showed no haplotype sharing among population but strong evidence of incomplete lineage sorting. Coalescent analyses showed historical constant populations size, negligible gene flow among populations, and an ancient time to most recent common ancestor dated from ~4.7 ± 1.1 Myr BP. Most divergences dated from the Lower Pleistocene, and no signal of important population size reduction was found in coalescent tree and tests of demographical expansion. Demographical scenarios were built based on past geographical range dynamic models, using two a priori biogeographical hypotheses (‘Pleistocene Arc’ and ‘Amazonian SDF expansion’) and on two additional hypotheses suggested by the palaeodistribution modelling built with several algorithms for distribution modelling and palaeoclimatic data. The simulation of these demographical scenarios showed that the pattern of diversity found so far for T. impetiginosa is in consonance with a palaeodistribution expansion during the last glacial maximum (LGM, 21 kyr BP), strongly suggesting that the current disjunct distribution of T. impetiginosa in SDFs may represent a climatic relict of a once more wide distribution.
Incomplete lineage sorting or secondary admixture: disentangling historical divergence from recent gene flow in the Vinous‐throated parrotbill (Paradoxornis webbianus)
Authors: Qu Yanhua , Zhang Ruiying , Quan Qing , Song Gang , Li Shou Hsien , Lei Fumin 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAlthough Pleistocene glaciations had a major impact on the population genetic patterns of many species in North America and Europe, it remains unclear how these climatic fluctuations contributed to species diversification in East Asia. One reason for this is the difficulty of distinguishing genetic admixture following secondary contact from incomplete lineage sorting, both of which can generate similar patterns of genetic variation. Using a combination of multilocus analyses and coalescent simulation, we explore how these two processes occurred in the Pleistocene evolutionary history of a widespread East Asian bird, the Vinous‐throated parrotbill, Paradoxornis webbianus. Maximum likelihood (ML) tree identified two major mitochondrial lineages, which are geographically separated in most parts of its range, but are sympatric at a few sampling sites. NJ tree and Structure analysis of microsatellite data set revealed an extensive level of admixture and little population structure, suggesting recent admixture between two formerly separated groups. Networks from nuclear DNA data sets, however, did not indicate any geographically isolated groups but rather a panmictic population, thus support incomplete lineage sorting. By using coalescent simulation approaches, we show that both processes did occur, although at different temporal scales. During the Pleistocene glaciations, probably around 0.1–0.5 Ma (the Marine Isotope Stage 6, MIS6), P. webbianus contracted into two separate refugia, and subsequently accumulated genetic divergence. During the interglacial MIS5, the species expanded into previously glaciated areas allowing the once separated groups to come into contact and become admixed. Taken together, our results indicate the current genetic variation within P. webbianus is a combination pattern of widespread distribution in pre‐Pleistocene, then contraction and fragmentation into separated refugia during glacial advance, followed by recently postglacial expansion and admixture.