bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Operating room radiation exposure in cone beam computed tomography–based, image-guided spinal surgery
Authors: Nottmeier Eric W. , Pirris Stephen M. , Edwards Steven , Kimes Sherri , Bowman Cammi , Nelson Kevin L. 
Published: May 2013

Object
Surgeon and operating room (OR) staff radiation exposure during spinal surgery is a concern, especially with the increasing use of multiplanar fluoroscopy in minimally invasive spinal surgery procedures. Cone beam computed tomography (cbCT)–based, 3D image guidance does not involve the use of active fluoroscopy during instrumentation placement and therefore decreases radiation exposure for the surgeon and OR staff during spinal fusion procedures. However, the radiation scatter of a cbCT device can be similar to that of a standard 64-slice CT scanner and thus could expose the surgeon and OR staff to radiation during image acquisition. The purpose of the present study was to measure radiation exposure at several unshielded locations in the OR when using cbCT in conjunction with 3D image-guided spinal surgery in 25 spinal surgery cases.

Methods
Five unshielded badge dosimeters were placed at set locations in the OR during 25 spinal surgery cases in which cbCT-based, 3D image guidance was used. The cbCT device (O-ARM) was used in conjunction with the Stealth S7 image-guided platform. The radiology department analyzed the badge dosimeters after completion of the last case.

Results
Fifty high-definition O-ARM spins were performed in 25 patients for spinal registration and to check instrumentation placement. Image-guided placement of 124 screws from C-2 to the ileum was accomplished without complication. Badge dosimetry analysis revealed minimal radiation exposure for the badges 6 feet from the gantry in the area of the anesthesiology equipment, as well as for the badges located 10–13 feet from the gantry on each side of the room (mean 0.7–3.6 mrem/spin). The greatest radiation exposure occurred on the badge attached to the OR table within the gantry (mean 176.9 mrem/spin), as well as on the control panel adjacent to the gantry (mean 128.0 mrem/spin).

Conclusions
Radiation scatter from the O-ARM was minimal at various distances outside of and not adjacent to the gantry. Although the average radiation exposure at these locations was low, an earlier study, undertaken in a similar fashion, revealed no radiation exposure when the surgeon stood behind a lead shield. This simple precaution can eliminate the small amount of radiation exposure to OR staff in cases in which the O-ARM is used.
Analysis of association between IL-1β, CASP-9, and GDF5 variants and low-back pain in Chinese male soldiers
Authors: Mu Jihong , Ge Weiming , Zuo Xincheng , Chen Yuxuan , Huang Changlin 
Published: May 2013

Object
Recent studies have suggested that genetic risk factors play an important role in the occurrence of low-back pain (LBP) and lumbar disc disease. The authors' study aimed to assess the association between 3 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and susceptibility to LBP related to military training.

Methods
In this case-control study, data from 892 Chinese male soldiers were retrospectively reviewed. The case group was made up of 305 soldiers with LBP related to military training and a control group of 587 soldiers without constant LBP for more than 2 weeks. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes of all subjects and polymerase chain reaction products were genotyped.

Results
No association was found between the SNP of interleukin-1β (IL-1β; +3954C/T) and LBP at both the genotypic (p = 0.104) and the allelic (p = 0.098) level. However, the G allele of caspase-9 (CASP-9) and the T allele of growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) were more common in patients with LBP than in patients without LBP (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
The findings in a Chinese military cohort indicated that CASP-9 (−1263A/G) and GDF5 (+104T/C) polymorphisms are associated with a susceptibility to LBP related to military training.
Reliability in the location of hindlimb motor representations in Fischer-344 rats
Authors: Frost Shawn B. , Iliakova Maria , Dunham Caleb , Barbay Scott , Arnold Paul , Nudo Randolph J. 
Published: May 2013

Object
The purpose of the present study was to determine the feasibility of using a common laboratory rat strain for reliably locating cortical motor representations of the hindlimb.

Methods
Intracortical microstimulation techniques were used to derive detailed maps of the hindlimb motor representations in 6 adult Fischer-344 rats.

Results
The organization of the hindlimb movement representation, while variable across individual rats in topographic detail, displayed several commonalities. The hindlimb representation was positioned posterior to the forelimb motor representation and posterolateral to the motor trunk representation. The areal extent of the hindlimb representation across the cortical surface averaged 2.00 ± 0.50 mm2. Superimposing individual maps revealed an overlapping area measuring 0.35 mm2, indicating that the location of the hindlimb representation can be predicted reliably based on stereotactic coordinates. Across the sample of rats, the hindlimb representation was found 1.25–3.75 mm posterior to the bregma, with an average center location approximately 2.6 mm posterior to the bregma. Likewise, the hindlimb representation was found 1–3.25 mm lateral to the midline, with an average center location approximately 2 mm lateral to the midline.

Conclusions
The location of the cortical hindlimb motor representation in Fischer-344 rats can be reliably located based on its stereotactic position posterior to the bregma and lateral to the longitudinal skull suture at midline. The ability to accurately predict the cortical localization of functional hindlimb territories in a rodent model is important, as such animal models are being increasingly used in the development of brain-computer interfaces for restoration of function after spinal cord injury.
Parmenide e Platone (e Aristotele) nel Contro Colote di Plutarco
Authors: Bonazzi Mauro 
Published: May 2013

The chapters dedicated to
Parmenides and Plato play a decisive role in the composition strategy
of the Adversus
Colotem, since this is where Plutarch most clearly defines the
background dualist thesis that will help demonstrate that Platonism is
superior to Epicurism. By showing Parmenides too as a dualist engaged
in distinguishing between the sensible and the intelligible world,
Plutarch structures a history of ancient philosophy entirely focused
on Plato. These chapters also bear witness of another centre of
interest, namely Aristoteles (§ 14), who, despite the criticism he
aimed at the theory of ideas, is not completely refuted, but rather
used as a possible ally against epicurean materialists, Plutarch’s
true bête noire.
È realmente esistita una polemica tra Arcesilao e la scuola epicurea?
Authors: Corti Aurora 
Published: May 2013

Lo scopo del presente lavoro è cercare di ricostruire il dibattito intercorso tra la scuola epicurea e l’Accademia scettica nel III secolo a.C. Si prenderà in esame una sezione dell’Adversus Colotem plutarcheo (1121E-1122F), che si presenta come una testimonianza particolarmente significativa a favore dell’effettiva esistenza di tale dibattito. Si concentrerà l’attenzione non tanto sulle questioni in gioco in tale dibattito – alle quali si faranno alcuni accenni, ma su cui esiste un’ampia letteratura – quanto piuttosto su aspetti propriamente storiografici: dall’individuare il promotore di tale polemica alle ragioni che la fecero nascere. Rispondendo a questi quesiti sarà possibile mostrare che l’originalità del pensiero di Colote merita di essere maggiormente valorizzata, anche perché Colote svolse all’interno dell’Epicureismo un ruolo importante proprio come iniziatore della polemica antiscettica.
Two- and 3-Dimensional Knee Valgus Are Reduced After an Exercise Intervention in Young Adults With Demonstrable Valgus During Squatting
Authors: Bell David R. , Oates D. Craig , Clark Micheal A. , Padua Darin A. 
Published: May 2013

Context:
Two-dimensional (or medial knee displacement [MKD]) and 3-dimensional (3D) knee valgus are theorized to contribute to anterior cruciate ligament injuries. However, whether these displacements can be improved in the double-legged squat (DLS) after an exercise intervention is unclear.

Objective:
To determine if MKD and 3D knee valgus are improved in a DLS after an exercise intervention.

Design:
Randomized controlled clinical trial.

Setting:
Research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:
A total of 32 participants were enrolled in this study and were randomly assigned to the control (n = 16) or intervention (n = 16) group. During a DLS, all participants demonstrated knee valgus that was corrected with a heel lift.

Intervention(s):
The intervention group completed 10 sessions of directed exercise that focused on hip and ankle strength and flexibility over a 2- to 3-week period.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
We assessed MKD and 3D knee valgus during the DLS using an electromagnetic tracking system. Hip strength and ankle-dorsiflexion range of motion were measured. Change scores were calculated for MKD and 3D valgus at 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% phases, and group (2 levels)-by phase (6 levels) repeated-measures analyses of variance were conducted. Independent t tests were used to compare change scores in other variables (α &lt; .05).

Results:
The MKD decreased from 20% to 50% of the DLS (P = .02) and 3D knee valgus improved from 30% to 50% of the squat phase (P = .001). Ankle-dorsiflexion range of motion (knee extended) increased in the intervention group (P = .009). No other significant findings were observed (P &gt; .05).

Conclusions:
The intervention reduced MKD and 3D knee valgus during a DLS. The intervention also increased ankle range of motion. Our inclusion criteria might have limited our ability to observe changes in hip strength.
Diagnostic accuracy of urinary reagent strip to determine cerebrospinal fluid chemistry and cellularity
Authors: Joshi Deepti , Kundana Keerthi , Puranik Apurva , Joshi Rajnish 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT
Background: The gold standard for diagnosis of meningitis depends on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination by microscopy, biochemistry, and culture, which require an experienced microscopist and laboratory support. We conducted this study to determine if urinary reagent strip is useful to make a semi‑quantitative assessment of protein, glucose, and presence of leukocyte esterase in CSF. Materials and Methods: All consecutive CSF samples were evaluated in a blinded fashion. CSF was tested using Combur‑10 urinary reagent strip as an index test, and CSF microscopy and biochemistry as reference standards. Combur‑10 (Boehringer Mannheim) is a urinary reagent strip used to estimate ten parameters including protein, glucose, and leukocytes. We estimated diagnostic accuracy of each index test using corresponding cut‑off levels (glucose 1 + vs. CSF glucose >50 mg/dL; protein 1 + and 2 + vs. CSF protein >30 mg/dL and >100 mg/dL; leukocyte esterase positivity vs. >10 granulocytes in CSF sample). We constructed receiver operating curves (ROC) to evaluate overall performance of index tests and estimated area under the curve (AUC). Results: CSF samples of 75 patients were included in the study. All the three indicator tests (CSF cells, protein, and glucose) were normal in 17 (22.6%) samples. Of the three tests, diagnostic accuracy of protein estimation (1 + or more on reagent strip) was best for detection of CSF proteins greater than 30 mg/dL [sensitivity 98.1% (95% CI 90.1-100%); specificity 57.1% (95% CI 34-78.2%)], with AUC of 0.97. Sensitivity and specificity for 2 + on reagent strip and CSF protein > 100 mg/dL were 92.6% (95% CI 75.1-99.1) and 87.5% (95% CI 74.8-95.3), respectively, with AUC of 0.96 (95% CI 0.92-1.01). Leukocyte esterase positivity by test strip had a sensitivity of 85.2 (95% CI 66.3-95.8%) and specificity of 89.6 (95% CI 77.3-96.5%) for detection of CSF granulocytes of more than 10/mm3. Conclusion: Existing urinary reagent strips can be used to diagnose meningitis in low‑resource settings.
Cytologic diagnosis of undifferentiated high grade pleomorphic sarcoma of breast presenting with brain metastasis
Authors: Chakrabarti Indranil , Ghosh Nilanjana , Giri Amita 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTPrimary sarcoma of breast are rare. Diagnosis by aspiration cytology is difficult due to nonspecific cytomorphologic features. An initial presentation with neurological symptoms due to metastasis of breast sarcoma to the brain has not been previously reported. Here, we describe a case of a 60‑year-old female who presented with headache, dizziness and convulsion and was subsequently diagnosed with undifferentiated high grade pleomorphic sarcoma of breast with cerebellar metastasis.
Genital self-mutilation in an attempt of suicide by a patient with a borderline personality
Authors: Aalouane Rachid , Rammouz Ismail , Hafidi Hicham , Boujraf Saïd 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTSelf‑mutilation acts are known to characterize the borderline personality disorders. However, voluntary cutting of the male genital organ remains extremely rare. The present paper reports a case of a 25‑years‑old young male with a borderline personality. The patient committed a genital self‑mutilation (GSM) targeting suicide during incarceration stage in jail. In addition, a discussion of the epidemiological and psychopathological aspects of the self‑mutilation of borderline patients was been conducted. A particular interest is attributed to the genital self‑mutilation and a review of the literature is presented.
Challenges in care of the child with special health care needs in a resource limited environment
Authors: Eseigbe Edwin Ehi , Taju Nuhu Folorunsho , Lateef Sheikh Taiwo 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTTo identify challenges encountered in the care of children with special health care needs in a resource limited environment a 10 year‑old child with a diagnosis of Tuberous Sclerosis was studied. Challenges identified were in: making a definitive diagnosis, provision of adequate care, cost of care, meeting parental expectations and accessing community support for the child and family. Available specialist health care and related services, including community rehabilitation, were provided for the child and family. The study highlights the need for improved community awareness, development in the provision of specialist health care services and institution of governmental policies that identify, support and protect children with special health care needs.
A rare case of an extra.axial cavernous angioma in the cerebellopontine angle
Authors: Ghanta Rajesh K. , Tangella Perumallu , Koti Kalyan , Dandamudi Srinivas 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTIntracranial extra‑axial cavernous angiomas are rare lesions. We report a rare case of extra‑axial cavernous angioma in the cerebellopontine angle (CPA) in a 50‑year‑old male, who presented with lower cranial nerve palsy and gait ataxia. Computed tomography (CT) scan of the brain showed a hyperdense lesion in the left cerebellopontine angle. The lesion was totally excised by the retrosigmoid approach and a pathological examination confirmed the lesion to be a cavernous angioma. Following surgery, the lower cranial nerve palsy recovered significantly
An unusual extra‑axial hypodense lesion mimicking a chronic subdural haematoma
Authors: Ramnarayan R , Anilkumar T V , Nayar Rani 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTA 59-year-old man was found on the road with multiple injuries. CT scan showed a hypodense extra axial lesion in the left fronto‑temporal region suggestive of chronic subdural haematoma. He was treated conservatively but did not improve. He underwent craniectomy after lesion was shown to be increasing in size, only solid tissue was seen which was not biopsied. Patient made good recovery after steroids were put on. He deteriorated again 6 weeks later and radiology showed the frontal lesion without involvement of the brain and with minimal enhancement and mass effect. He underwent biopsy decompression of the lesion with steroids, post‑operatively he improved well, but deteriorated when the steroids were tapered. Histopathology report was Non‑Hodgkin’s lymphoma. No primary was found and the patient died during oncology treatment. This illustrates manifestation of primary dural lymphoma radiologically mimicking chronic subdural haematoma, another common disorder.
Unilateral asterixis, thalamic astasia and vertical one and half syndrome in a unilateral posterior thalamo‑subthalamic paramedian infarct: An interesting case report
Authors: Ramakrishnan Subasree , Narayanaswamy Veera Rajkumar 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTA 42-year-old young lady presented with acute onset of dizziness, drooping of left eye with binocular diplopia and inability to walk unassisted. She had past history of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and hypertension. On examination, she had left fascicular type of third nerve palsy, vertical one and half syndrome (VOHS), left internuclear ophthalmoplegia and skew deviation with ipsilesional hypertropia. She also had thalamic astasia and right unilateral asterixis. Her MRI revealed T2 and Flair hyper intense signal changes with restricted diffusion in the left thalamus, subthalamus and left midbrain. MR Angiography was normal. Thalamic‑subthalamic paramedian territory infarct is relatively uncommon. It can present with oculomotor abnormalities including vertical one and half syndrome, skew deviation, thalamic astasia and asterixis. This case is reported for the rarity of the presenting clinical findings in unilateral thalamo‑mesencephalic infarcts.
Lower motor neuron facial palsy in cerebral venous sinus thrombosis
Authors: Kulkarni Girish Baburao , Ravi Yadav , Nagaraja Dindigur , Veerendrakumar Mustare 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTWith advances in the neuro‑imaging modalities, diverse manifestations of the cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVT) are being recognized. There are very few reports of isolated cranial nerve palsies in CVT. In this case report, we describe a patient of lower motor neuron facial palsy with CVT who was successfully treated with anticoagulation, highlighting the atypical manifestation of the disease.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection alters enzymatic and ultrastructural features of peripheral blood monocytes
Authors: Gabali Ali M , Jazaerly Tarek , Cleveland Ronald , Kass Lawrence 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infected monocytes are now believed to serve as a reservoir for HIV-1 infection, and to play a role in viral rebound phenomena in certain groups of patients who failed or stopped highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).Data characterizing the morphological changes of peripheral blood monocytes in HIV-1-infected individuals are limited. Materials and Methods: In this study, we collected monocytes from 21 asymptomatic HIV-1-infected individuals with CD4 count more than 500 cells/mm 3 and healthy individuals. The monocytes ultrastructural morphologic changes and α-naphthyl butyrate esterase (ANBE) activity were compared between the two groups. Results: In monocytes from patients infected with HIV-1, activity of α?naphthyl butyrate esterase?(ANBE) was markedly increased compared with normal monocytes. In both light microscopic and ultrastructural studies, the cytoplasm of monocytes from HIV?1?infected patients contained a haphazard appearing network of thin fibrils. Cell surface expression of the activation marker HLA?DR molecule was upregulated. There were no discernible differences between the cell surface expression of CD4, CD14, and CD16 molecules comparing normal monocytes to those from HIV?1?infected patients. -naphthyl butyrate esterase (ANBE) was markedly increased compared with normal monocytes. In both light microscopic and ultrastructural studies, the cytoplasm of monocytes from HIV-1-infected patients contained a haphazard appearing network of thin fibrils. Cell surface expression of the activation marker HLA-DR molecule was upregulated. There were no discernible differences between the cell surface expression of CD4, CD14, and CD16 molecules comparing normal monocytes to those from HIV-1-infected patients. Conclusions: Possibly, changes in the activity of ANBE along with a disrupted appearing cytoplasmic fibril network contribute to monocyte dysfunction in HIV-1-infected patients.
Western and Islamic bioethics: How close is the gap?
Authors: Chamsi-Pasha Hassan , Albar Mohammed Ali 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe relation between Islam and medicine has been described as intimate. Muslims are expected to be moderate and balanced in all matters, including health. Islamic law is based on a complete system of morality that can provide a moral context in medicine from a legal perspective. Islamic teaching is also very flexible and adaptable to many new and novel situations. Islamic Ethics also upholds "the four principles" of biomedical ethics proposed by Beauchamp and Childress. Several authors claim that the roots of these principles are clearly identifiable in Islamic teachings. However, there are some differences in the applications of these principles. This article shed light on the roots of the four principles in Islamic teachings and elaborates on the differences between Islamic and contemporary western bioethics.
Red discoloration of urine caused by Serratia rubidae: A rare case
Authors: Kumar Simit , Bandyopadhyay Maitreyi , Chatterjee Mitali , Mukhopadhyay Prabir , Pal Suranjan , Poddar Sumon , Banerjee Parthajit 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThere have been only a few reported human cases of infections caused by Serratia rubidae in literature. Among these sparse cases there is only one reported case of urinary tract infection (UTI) due to S. rubidae in literature. The organism is known to produce a red pigment known as prodigiosin. We report a case of UTI caused by S. rubidae in a diabetic patient who presented with burning micturition and reddish discoloration of urine, which on laboratory diagnosis, was proved to be due to the reddish pigment produced by the organism. This case report highlights that this rare organism might be associated with UTI leading to reddish discoloration of urine.
Renal artery embolization for managing uncontrolled hypertension in a kidney transplant candidate
Authors: Alhamid Naji , Alterky Hani , Othman Mohammad Imad 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe report a case of pre-operative bilateral renal artery embolization to control the resistant and malignant hypertension in a patient prepared for kidney transplantation. A 34-year-old man with end-stage renal disease as a result of the focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and uncontrolled hypertension that precluded the transplantation surgery and the patient′s post-transplant blood pressure and the renal function remained within normal limits following the transplant for 6 months of follow-up.
Kristeva's Thérèse: Mysticism and Modernism
Authors: Bové Carol Mastrangelo 
Published: May 2013

This essay focuses on Julia Kristeva’s recent volume Thérèse mon amour: Sainte Thérèse d’Avila (2008), describing and placing this blend of novel, play, psychoanalytic cultural theory, and case history in the context of her work. I argue that the volume contributes to an understanding of religion’s impact—especially Catholic mysticism--on Western categories of women. I address in particular Thérèse’s mysticism and modernist use of a feminine figure to subvert practices threatening the vitality of the psyche and of social relations. As in Kristeva’s earlier writing, her psychoanalytic approach to Catholicism’s influence continues to raise questions concerning the apparent stereotypes the approach may feed, especially that of the masochistic woman.