bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased and safer detection of nonrecurrent inferior laryngeal nerve after preoperative ultrasonography
Authors: Iacobone Maurizio , Citton Marilisa , Pagura Giulia , Viel Giovanni , Nitti Donato 
Published: May 2015

Objectives/HypothesisRight nonrecurrent inferior laryngeal nerve (NRLN) is an anatomical variant reported with a variable prevalence (0.3%–6%). It is associated with some arterial abnormalities (absence of the brachiocephalic trunk and presence of a right aberrant subclavian lusorian artery) that may be identified by preoperative ultrasonography (pUS). NRLN represents a major morbidity risk factor during neck surgery. The aim of this study was to verify pUS accuracy in predicting NRLN and to assess the impact of this technique on NRLN detection rate and laryngeal morbidity.Study DesignRetrospective.MethodsThe study included 1,477 patients undergoing thyroid and parathyroid surgery with right‐side inferior laryngeal nerve exploration. pUS was performed in 878 patients (pUS group); no preoperative attempts were performed in the remaining 599 patients (controls). Demographics, disease type, intraoperative inferior laryngeal nerve anatomy, and laryngeal morbidity were compared.ResultsNo differences occurred between the two groups concerning demographics and disease type. NRLN was detected in 17 patients (1.9%) of the pUS group and in four patients (0.6%) of controls (P < 0.05). pUS predicted NRLN in all cases, with an overall accuracy > 98%. Overall laryngeal nerves morbidity was 1.8% in the pUS group and 4.2% in the controls (P < 0.05). NRLN palsy never occurred in the pUS group, whereas it occurred three times in the controls (P < 0.005).ConclusionNRLN is accurately predicted by pUS. It occurs more frequently than expected because it may be misdiagnosed when no preoperative suspicion is available. Preoperative NRLN detection by pUS prevents inferior laryngeal nerve injuries.Level of Evidence2b. Laryngoscope, 125:1743–1747, 2015
1064‐nm Nd: YAG laser‐assisted cartilage reshaping for treating ear protrusions
Authors: Leclère Franck Marie , Mordon Serge , Alcolea Justo , Martinez‐Carpio Pedro , Vélez Mariano , Trelles Mario 
Published: May 2015

BackgroundCorrection of prominent ears is a common plastic surgical procedure. The laser‐assisted cartilage reshaping (LACR) technique for protruding ears was developed at the French National Institute of Health and Medical Research in Lille, France, using both the 1064‐ and 1540‐nm wavelengths, with a view to simplifying the surgical procedure. Herein we report our results with the 1064‐nm wavelength.MethodsBetween 2008 and 2010, twenty‐six 1064‐nm LACR procedures in 14 patients were performed. Twelve patients received treatment to both ears, and 2 patients received treatment to one ear. Each procedure consisted of a single treatment session. The treatment consisted of laser irradiation of both sides of the helix with single pulses of 70 J/cm2. The beam diameter was 6 mm. Early and late complications were defined and reviewed for all patients. Satisfaction was assessed by patients using a visual analogue scale from 0 (unsatisfied) to 20 (highly satisfied). The superior and middle cephaloauricular distances were prospectively evaluated at 6 months after treatment.ResultsComplications included eight cases of localized skin burns and one case of dermatitis. The mean right/left superior and middle cephaloauricular distances were 10.5 ± 1.5 mm/10.7 ± 1.0 mm and 16.3 ± 2.2 mm/16.3 ± 2.8 mm, respectively, as compared to 17.5 ± 2.9 mm/18.6 ± 2.5 mm (P < 0.01) and 24.5 ± 2.6 mm/24.7 ± 1.7 mm (P < 0.01) before the operation. Mean patient satisfaction was 16.8/20 ± 3.3.ConclusionDespite promising results for cartilage reshaping, the 1064‐nm LACR procedure often leads to skin burns and inflammatory tissue reaction after treatment. Moreover, LACR with the 1064‐nm wavelength is painful and necessitates local anaesthesia.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 125:2461–2467, 2015
Site of eustachian tube obstruction in chronic ear disease
Authors: Tarabichi Muaaz , Najmi Murtaza 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveAssess the patency of the proximal and distal segments of the Eustachian tube in patients undergoing surgery for chronic ear disease.Study DesignCase study with control group.MethodsAll consecutive patients presenting for surgery for chronic ear disease in our practice over 14 months underwent preoperative Valsalva computed tomography (CT), and an attempt was made intraoperatively using angled rigid scopes to evaluate obstruction of the protympanic segment of the Eustachian tube. Endoscopic examination of the same segment in 19 cadaver ears served as a control group.ResultsPreoperative Valsalva CT showed patency of the distal one‐third of the Eustachian tube in 51 of 53 ears. Intraoperative endoscopy allowed visualization of the protympanic opening of the Eustachian tube in 31 of 53 ears; 21 of 31 ears showed obstruction of the protympanic opening of the Eustachian tube.ConclusionA clear obstruction was more likely to be present in the protympanic opening of the Eustachian tube in the patient population undergoing surgery for chronic ear disease than in the cadaver control group, and was equally likely to be present in the distal cartilaginous tube in patients as in the control population.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 125:2572–2575, 2015
Inverting papilloma of the temporal bone: Report of four new cases and systematic review of the literature
Authors: Carlson Matthew L. , Sweeney Alex D. , Modest Mara C. , Van Gompel Jamie J. , Haynes David S. , Neff Brian A. 
Published: May 2015

Objectives/HypothesisInverting papillomas (IPs) are benign locally invasive tumors that most commonly present within the sinonasal cavity. Temporal bone involvement is exceedingly rare, with fewer than 30 cases reported within the English literature to date.Study DesignCase series and systematic review of the literature.MethodsFour consecutive subjects with temporal bone inverting papilloma (TBIP) were treated, and an additional 28 previously published cases were identified in the literature. Main outcome measures were disease presentation, diagnostic evaluation, management strategy, and outcome.ResultsA total of 32 cases were analyzed. The median age at diagnosis was 54 years (mean 54.1; range 19–81 years). Nineteen (59%) patients had synchronous or metachronous sinonasal IP, whereas 13 (41%) had isolated temporal bone disease without sinus involvement. Over half of the patients undergoing microsurgical resection experienced at least one recurrence. Compared to patients with a history of sinus IP, subjects with primary TBIP were younger at time of presentation (44 vs. 58 years; P = 0.012); were more commonly female (62% vs. 32%; P = 0.15); and were less likely to have intracranial spread (8% vs. 26%; P = 0.36), cranial neuropathy (8% vs. 26%; P = 0.36), human papillomavirus positivity (11% vs. 57%; P = 0.11), or associated carcinoma (0% vs. 47%; P = 0.004).ConclusionsInverting papilloma of the lateral skull base is rare and can pose a significant therapeutic challenge. Primary lesions of the temporal bone appear to follow a less aggressive clinical course when compared to those arising in association with sinonasal disease. Gross total resection is the preferred method of treatment, when feasible, given the high rate of recurrence with subtotal resection and risk of associated malignancy.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 125:2576–2583, 2015
Footprint of Research in Desertification Management in China
Authors: Miao Lijuan , Moore John C. , Zeng Fanjiang , Lei Jiaqiang , Ding Jianli , He Bin , Cui Xuefeng 
Published: May 2015

AbstractDesertification is among the most severe global environmental and the socio‐economic problems in the world. This paper is a first attempt to link scientific research to national policymaking on desertification in China. We aim to trace scientific research findings in the national policies and strategies of desertification prevention in China. One example is the large‐scale plantation programme in the dust source region threatening Beijing and Tianjin since 1998. It has been suggested that the recent increased forest cover due to plantations in North China has helped reduce dust storm emissions and contributed to mitigating dust storm weather in Beijing and Tianjin. Reforestation/afforestation policy remains in the Chinese national environmental strategies for the new national forestation programme (2011–2020). Overgrazing during recent decades has been blamed for land degradation and desertification in Northwest China by many scholars. Small field experiments prove that vegetation in desertified/degraded land could recover if isolated from human activities. Since 1998, natural recovery has become one powerful national force to prevent land desertification and recover natural vegetation. One example is selected at Cele County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region to showcase how vegetation could thrive at large scale in natural arid and semi‐arid climate if isolated from human intervention. The plantation project has pushed the stakeholders to better understand their negative impact on the environment, especially the overgrazing behaviour. After that, the household income and living level have also been significantly enhanced; however, it is not clear whether the project induced labour migration. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oromandibular Dystonia in Wilson's Disease
Authors: Kalita Jayantee , Ranjan Abhay , Misra Usha K. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundMovement disorder is common in Wilson's disease (WD), but there is no report on oromandibular dystonia (OMD). We report on frequency, severity, and MRI correlation of OMD in Wilson's disease with neurological manifestations (WDNM) and its response to treatment.MethodsConsecutive WDNM patients were included and their clinical, hematological, serum chemistry, and MRI findings were noted. Neurological severity of WD and OMD were assessed. Burke‐Fahn‐Marsden (BFM) score for dystonia was noted. Patients were treated with penicillamine, zinc, and multiple antidystonic drugs. Clinical improvement at 3 and 6 months was noted.ResultsOverall, 61 of 67 (91%) WDNM patients had OMD, whose median age was 13.5 years. Median severity of OMD was 2.5 (range, 1–4). Thirteen patients were anarthric and 12 unable to eat. Severity of OMD correlated with drooling (r = 0.29; P = 0.02), BFM score (r = 0.63; P < 0.001), pancytopenia (r = −0.26; P = 0.04), and serum ceruloplasmin (r = 0.33; P = 0.01), but not with location and number of MRI lesions. Compared to baseline, severity of OMD improved at 6 months (P < 0.001), but not at 3 months. None became asymptomatic. Improvement in OMD paralleled with improvement in severity grade of WDNM (r = 0.26; P = 0.04) and with BFM score (r = 0.31; P = 0.02).ConclusionOMD was a common manifestation of WDNM occurring in 91% patients, and OMD improved partially over the study period.
Dystonic Pseudo Foot Drop
Authors: Aquino Camila C. , Slow Elizabeth , Lang Anthony E. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe most common presentation of foot dystonia in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) or dystonia is inversion of the foot accompanied by flexion of the toes, with or without extension of the hallux. Less commonly, foot dystonia may mimic foot drop, as occurs with weakness of the dorsiflexors muscles, resulting in a pseudo foot drop. This has rarely been reported in the literature and has been poorly recognized, often leading to misdiagnosis and unnecessary investigations and treatment. We report 5 patients with dystonic pseudo foot drop, one of them diagnosed with early‐onset PD, 2 with sporadic PD, and 2 with dystonia. Despite the steppage gait, their physical exam revealed normal strength, and no other explanation for a “foot drop” was found. It is important to recognize this phenomenology, which can be a clue to the diagnosis of early‐onset PD, and may be responsive to levodopa in selected patients.
Postprandial metabolism in adults with prader–willi syndrome
Authors: Purtell Louise , Viardot Alexander , Sze Lisa , Loughnan Georgina , Steinbeck Katharine , Sainsbury Amanda , Herzog Herbert , Smith Arabella , Campbell Lesley V. 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveIndividuals with Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) are commonly restricted to 60‐75% of height‐appropriate calorie intake because they rapidly become obese on a normal diet. This study measured changes in energy expenditure, glucose and lipid homeostasis, and metabolic flexibility in response to a meal in PWS adults.Methods11 adults with PWS were compared with 12 adiposity‐matched and 10 lean subjects. Indirect calorimetry was conducted at baseline and 210 min after a standardized 600 kCal breakfast to assess energy expenditure and substrate utilization. Circulating glucose, insulin, C‐peptide, glucagon, nonesterified fatty acids, and triglycerides were measured up to 240 min. Insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion rate were assessed by HOMA‐IR and C‐peptide deconvolution, respectively. Body composition was determined by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry.ResultsThe PWS group had lower lean mass than the obesity control group. Corrected for lean mass, there were no differences between the PWS and obesity groups in resting metabolic rate or metabolic flexibility. Total and abdominal fat mass, insulin sensitivity, and insulin secretion rate were also similar between these groups.ConclusionsThis study did not detect an intrinsic metabolic defect in individuals with PWS. Rather, lower lean mass, combined with lower physical activity, may contribute to weight gain on an apparent weight‐maintenance diet.
Hepatic steatosis is associated with lower levels of physical activity measured via accelerometry
Authors: Long Michelle T. , Pedley Alison , Massaro Joseph M. , Hoffmann Udo , Esliger Dale W. , Vasan Ramachandran S. , Fox Caroline S. , Murabito Joanne M. 
Published: May 2015

ObjectivePrior studies on the association of physical activity (PA) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease are limited by reliance on subjective measures of PA. We examined the association between objectively measured PA and hepatic steatosis defined by computed tomography (CT).MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study of 1,060 Framingham Heart Study participants who participated in the Multidetector CT 2 substudy and who underwent assessment of PA via accelerometry. Hepatic steatosis was estimated by liver attenuation, as measured by CT. We explored the relationship between liver attenuation and PA using multivariable regression models.ResultsIn multivariable‐adjusted models, we observed an inverse association between PA and liver attenuation. Each 30 minutes/day increase in moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) was associated with a reduced odds of hepatic steatosis (OR = 0.62, P < 0.001). This association was attenuated and no longer statistically significant after adjustment for body mass index (BMI) (OR = 0.77, P = 0.05) or visceral adipose tissue (VAT) (OR = 0.83, P = 0.18). Participants who met the national PA recommendations of engaging in ≥150 minutes/week of MVPA had the lowest odds of hepatic steatosis, even after adjusting for BMI (OR = 0.63, P = 0.007) or VAT (OR = 0.67, P = 0.03).ConclusionsThere is an inverse association between PA and hepatic steatosis. Participants who met the national PA guidelines had the lowest prevalence of hepatic steatosis.
Epicardial adipose tissue has a unique transcriptome modified in severe coronary artery disease
Authors: McAninch Elizabeth A. , Fonseca Tatiana L. , Poggioli Raffaella , Panos Anthony L. , Salerno Tomas A. , Deng Youping , Li Yan , Bianco Antonio C. , Iacobellis Gianluca 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveTo explore the transcriptome of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) as compared to subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and its modifications in a small number of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) versus valvulopathy.MethodsSAT and EAT samples were obtained during elective cardiothoracic surgeries. The transcriptome of EAT was evaluated, as compared to SAT, using an unbiased, whole‐genome approach in subjects with CAD (n = 6) and without CAD (n = 5), where the patients without CAD had cardiac valvulopathy.ResultsRelative to SAT, EAT is a highly inflammatory tissue enriched with genes involved in endothelial function, coagulation, immune signaling, potassium transport, and apoptosis. EAT is lacking in expression of genes involved in protein metabolism, tranforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐beta) signaling, and oxidative stress. Although underpowered, in subjects with severe CAD, there is an expression trend suggesting widespread downregulation of EAT encompassing a diverse group of gene sets related to intracellular trafficking, proliferation/transcription regulation, protein catabolism, innate immunity/lectin pathway, and ER stress.ConclusionsThe EAT transcriptome is unique when compared to SAT. In the setting of CAD versus valvulopathy, there is possible alteration of the EAT transcriptome with gene suppression. This pilot study explores the transcriptome of EAT in CAD and valvulopathy, providing new insight into its physiologic and pathophysiologic roles.
Stable intergenerational associations of childhood overweight during the development of the obesity epidemic
Authors: Ajslev Teresa A. , Ängquist Lars , Silventoinen Karri , Baker Jennifer L. , Sørensen Thorkild I.A. 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveThe obesity epidemic may have developed as a response to the obesogenic environment among the genetically predisposed. This investigation examined whether the intergenerational resemblances in childhood overweight changed across the development of the obesity epidemic in groups of children born to parents with and without childhood overweight.MethodsThe study population was from the Copenhagen School Health Records Register, which includes age‐ and sex‐specific body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) of children. This study used BMI values from 7‐year‐old children born 1952–1989 and from their parents at ages 7 and 13 years. The available number of parent‐child pairs ranged from 17,926 through 42,184. The odds ratios of childhood overweight (BMI z‐score >90th percentile) were calculated using logistic regression by parental BMI groups (BMI > or ≤90th percentile) and child birth year intervals.ResultsStable levels in parent‐child overweight associations were observed across child BMI groups born to parents with and without childhood overweight. A slight upward odds ratio trend was observed across time in children born to two overweight parents at age 13, but not at age 7 years.ConclusionsParent‐child resemblance in childhood overweight showed small changes during the development of the obesity epidemic, suggesting that the obesogenic environment inducing the epidemic in Denmark influenced children irrespective of their familial predisposition.
A multisite view of psychosocial risks in patients presenting for bariatric surgery
Authors: Rofey Dana L. , Zeller Meg H. , Brode Cassie , Reiter‐Purtill Jennifer , Mikhail Carmen , Washington Gia , Baughcum Amy E. , Peugh James , Austin Heather , Jenkins Todd M. , Courcoulas Anita P. ,   the TeenView Writing Group in cooperation with the Teen‐LABS Consortium
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveThe psychosocial health of adolescents with severe obesity (BMI ≥ 120% for age and gender) has only recently been the focus of empirical work.MethodsThis multisite study—an ancillary to a prospective longitudinal observational study documenting health in adolescents having weight loss surgery (WLS)—presents preoperative/baseline data from 141 WLS adolescents and 83 nonsurgical comparisons (NSComps). Self‐report data from adolescent and caregiver dyads characterize adolescent psychopathology and potential correlates.ResultsOne in three adolescents reported internalizing symptoms, and one in five endorsed externalizing symptoms in the clinical range. Generalized linear model analysis demonstrated that increased risk of psychopathology for adolescents with severe obesity was associated with family dysfunction, eating pathology, family composition, and seeking behavioral intervention (versus WLS), whereas better quality of life (QOL) was associated with lower psychopathology.ConclusionsWhile psychopathology rates are comparable to national samples, there is a subgroup of youth who present for behavioral weight loss services and are at greater risk for psychopathology relative to national adolescent base rates. Adolescents who achieve candidacy for WLS may be a highly selective population of youth with severe obesity and may have lower base rates of psychopathology compared to NSComps.
The impact of masticatory ability as evaluated by salivary flow rates on obesity in japanese: The Toon health study
Authors: Maruyama Koutatsu , Nishioka Shinji , Miyoshi Noriko , Higuchi Kana , Mori Hiromi , Tanno Sakurako , Tomooka Kiyohide , Eguchi Eri , Furukawa Shinya , Saito Isao , Sakurai Susumu , Nishida Wataru , Osawa Haruhiko , Tanigawa Takeshi 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveThis study examined the associations of masticatory ability evaluated by chewing‐gum‐stimulated salivary flow rate with anthropometric indices among a general Japanese population.MethodsIn total, 921 Japanese men and women aged 30–79 years participated in this cross‐sectional study. Saliva production was stimulated by 5 min of gum chewing, then collected; salivary flow rate was calculated as g/min. Overweight, abdominal obesity in terms of waist circumference (WC), and waist–hip ratio (WHR), and elevated skinfold thickness statuses were determined.ResultsThe multivariable odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals of overweight, abdominal obesity (WC, WHR), and elevated skinfold thickness status for highest vs. lowest quartile of salivary flow rate were 0.59 (0.37‐0.95, P for trend = 0.02), 0.65 (0.43‐0.98, P = 0.03), 0.54 (0.35‐0.83, P < 0.01), and 0.61 (0.39‐0.96, P < 0.01), respectively. The linear trends of multivariable‐adjusted means of BMI, WC, WHR, and skinfold thickness according to quartiles of salivary flow rate did not vary after stratification by overweight status.ConclusionsHigher stimulated salivary flow rate, a surrogate marker for mastication ability, was associated with lower prevalence of overweight, abdominal obesity (whether WC‐ or WHR‐defined), and elevated skinfold thickness among the general Japanese population.
Earlier onset of diabesity‐Induced adverse cardiac remodeling in female compared to male mice
Authors: Bowden Marissa A. , Tesch Greg H. , Julius Tracey L. , Rosli Sarah , Love Jane E. , Ritchie Rebecca H. 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveEmerging evidence suggests female type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients may fare worse than males with respect to cardiovascular complications. Hence the impact of sex on relative progression of left ventricular (LV) remodeling in obese db/db mice was characterized.MethodsThe changes in parameters of LV hypertrophy (heart weight, pro‐hypertrophic gene expression, cardiomyocyte size) and fibrosis (LV collagen deposition and oxidative stress), in parallel with body weight and blood glucose and lipid profiles, in male and female db/db T2DM mice, at 10, 14, and 18 weeks of age, were determined.ResultsDiabesity‐induced cardiac remodeling was at least comparable in female (compared to male) mice. Females exhibited enhanced systemic oxidative stress and nonesterified fatty acid levels. Progression of LV pro‐hypertrophic (β‐myosin heavy chain, B‐type natriuretic peptide) and pro‐oxidant gene expression (NADPH oxidase subunit Nox2, plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 PAI‐I) was, however, exaggerated in females when expressed relative to 10‐week‐old db/db mice. Increased cardiomyocyte width was also evident earlier in db/db females than males. No other gender differences were observed.ConclusionsProgressive, age‐dependent development of cardiac remodeling in db/db mice parallels impairments in glucose handling and oxidative stress. Certain aspects of the T2DM‐induced LV remodeling response may have an earlier and/or exaggerated onset in diabetic females.