bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
O-GlcNAcylation of G6PD promotes the pentose phosphate pathway and tumor growth
Authors: Rao Xiongjian , Duan Xiaotao , Mao Weimin , Li Xuexia , Li Zhonghua , Li Qian , Zheng Zhiguo , Xu Haimiao , Chen Min , Wang Peng G. , Wang Yingjie , Shen Binghui , Yi Wen 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) plays a critical role in macromolecule biosynthesis and maintaining cellular redox homoeostasis in rapidly proliferating cells. Upregulation of the PPP has been shown in several types of cancer. However, how the PPP is regulated to confer a selective growth advantage on cancer cells is not well understood. Here we show that glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), the rate-limiting enzyme of the PPP, is dynamically modified with an O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine sugar in response to hypoxia. Glycosylation activates G6PD activity and increases glucose flux through the PPP, thereby providing precursors for nucleotide and lipid biosynthesis, and reducing equivalents for antioxidant defense. Blocking glycosylation of G6PD reduces cancer cell proliferation in vitro and impairs tumor growth in vivo. Importantly, G6PD glycosylation is increased in human lung cancers. Our findings reveal a mechanistic understanding of how O-glycosylation directly regulates the PPP to confer a selective growth advantage to tumours.
Acute DNA damage activates the tumour suppressor p53 to promote radiation-induced lymphoma
Authors: Lee Chang-Lung , Castle Katherine D. , Moding Everett J. , Blum Jordan M. , Williams Nerissa , Luo Lixia , Ma Yan , Borst Luke B. , Kim Yongbaek , Kirsch David G. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractGenotoxic cancer therapies, such as chemoradiation, cause haematological toxicity primarily by activating the tumour suppressor p53. While inhibiting p53-mediated cell death during cancer therapy ameliorates haematologic toxicity, whether it also impacts carcinogenesis remains unclear. Here we utilize a mouse model of inducible p53 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) to show that temporarily blocking p53 during total-body irradiation (TBI) not only ameliorates acute toxicity, but also improves long-term survival by preventing lymphoma development. Using KrasLA1 mice, we show that TBI promotes the expansion of a rare population of thymocytes that express oncogenic KrasG12D. However, blocking p53 during TBI significantly suppresses the expansion of KrasG12D-expressing thymocytes. Mechanistically, bone marrow transplant experiments demonstrate that TBI activates p53 to decrease the ability of bone marrow cells to suppress lymphoma development through a non-cell-autonomous mechanism. Together, our results demonstrate that the p53 response to acute DNA damage promotes the development of radiation-induced lymphoma.
Urbanization in China drives soil acidification of Pinus massoniana forests
Authors: Huang Juan , Zhang Wei , Mo Jiangming , Wang Shizhong , Liu Juxiu , Chen Hao 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSoil acidification instead of alkalization has become a new environmental issue caused by urbanization. However, it remains unclear the characters and main contributors of this acidification. We investigated the effects of an urbanization gradient on soil acidity of Pinus massoniana forests in Pearl River Delta, South China. The soil pH of pine forests at 20-cm depth had significantly positive linear correlations with the distance from the urban core of Guangzhou. Soil pH reduced by 0.44 unit at the 0–10 cm layer in urbanized areas compared to that in non-urbanized areas. Nitrogen deposition, mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation were key factors influencing soil acidification based on a principal component analysis. Nitrogen deposition showed significant linear relationships with soil pH at the 0–10 cm (for ammonium N ("Equation missing"-N), P < 0.05; for nitrate N ("Equation missing"-N), P < 0.01) and 10–20 cm (for "Equation missing"-N, P < 0.05) layers. However, there was no significant loss of exchangeable non-acidic cations along the urbanization gradient, instead their levels were higher in urban than in urban/suburban area at the 0–10 cm layer. Our results suggested N deposition particularly under the climate of high temperature and rainfall, greatly contributed to a significant soil acidification occurred in the urbanized environment.
Associations between interleukin and interleukin receptor gene polymorphisms and risk of gout
Authors: Liu Shiguo , Zhou Zheng , Wang Can , Guo Mingzhen , Chu Nan , Li Changgui 
Published: September 2015

AbstractGout is a self-limiting, auto-inflammatory arthritis induced by the deposition of monosodium urate crystals in the synovial fluid and periarticular tissues. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between genetic variants in the interleukin (IL) and interleukin receptor (ILR) genes IL-33, IL-1RL1, IL-23R and signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) and susceptibility to gout in Chinese Han male individuals. The genetic distributions of rs3939286 in IL-33, rs13015714 in IL-1RL1, rs10889677 in IL-23R and rs7574865 in STAT4 were detected in 1100 men with gout and 1227 ethnically matched controls, using Taqman allelic discrimination real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Differences in these polymorphisms between the groups were investigated using χ2 tests. The genotype-phenotype relationship among gout patients was tested by analysis of variance. There was a significant difference in genotypic frequencies of IL-23R rs10889677 between gout patients and controls (χ2 = 81.386, P < 0.001). However, there were no significant differences in distributions of the other polymorphisms between the groups. Our results revealed that the rs10889677 variant in IL-23R may be involved in the development of gout in Chinese Han male individuals. However, further studies in other ethnic groups are needed to confirm these results.
Tunable mid-infrared coherent perfect absorption in a graphene meta-surface
Authors: Fan Yuancheng , Liu Zhe , Zhang Fuli , Zhao Qian , Wei Zeyong , Fu Quanhong , Li Junjie , Gu Changzhi , Li Hongqiang 
Published: September 2015

AbstractGraphene has drawn considerable attention due to its intriguing properties in photonics and optoelectronics. However, its interaction with light is normally rather weak. Meta-surfaces, artificial structures with single planar function-layers, have demonstrated exotic performances in boosting light-matter interactions, e.g., for absorption enhancement. Graphene based high efficiency absorber is desirable for its potential applications in optical detections and signal modulations. Here we exploit graphene nanoribbons based meta-surface to realize coherent perfect absorption (CPA) in the mid-infrared regime. It was shown that quasi-CPA frequencies, at which CPA can be demonstrated with proper phase modulations, exist for the grapheme meta-surface with strong resonant behaviors. The CPA can be tuned substantially by merging the geometric design of the meta-surface and the electrical tunability of graphene. Furthermore, we found that the graphene nanoribbon meta-surface based CPA is realizable with experimentally achievable graphene sample.
Opposite Effects of M1 and M2 Macrophage Subtypes on Lung Cancer Progression
Authors: Yuan Ang , Hsiao Yi-Jing , Chen Hsuan-Yu , Chen Huei-Wen , Ho Chao-Chi , Chen Yu-Yun , Liu Yi-Chia , Hong Tsai-Hsia , Yu Sung-Liang , Chen Jeremy J.W. , Yang Pan-Chyr 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMacrophages in a tumor microenvironment have been characterized as M1- and M2-polarized subtypes. Here, we discovered the different macrophages’ impacts on lung cancer cell A549. The M2a/M2c subtypes promoted A549 invasion and xenograft tumor growth. The M1 subtype suppressed angiogenesis. M1 enhanced the sensitivity of A549 to cisplatin and decreased the tube formation activity and cell viability of A549 cells by inducing apoptosis and senescence. Different macrophage subtypes regulated genes involved in the immune response, cytoskeletal remodeling, coagulation, cell adhesion and apoptosis pathways in A549 cells, which was a pattern that correlated with the altered behaviors of the A549 cells. Furthermore, we found that the identified M1/M2 gene signatures were significantly correlated with the extended overall survival of lung cancer patients. These results suggest that M1/M2 gene expression signature may be used as a prognostic indicator for lung cancer patients and M1/M2 polarization may be a target of investigation of immune-modulating therapies for lung cancer in the future.
Starvation-Induced Dietary Behaviour in Drosophila melanogaster Larvae and Adults
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad , Chaudhary Safee Ullah , Afzal Ahmed Jawaad , Tariq Muhammad 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDrosophila melanogasterlarvae are classified as herbivores and known to feed on non-carnivorous diet under normal conditions. However, when nutritionally challenged these larvae exhibit cannibalistic behaviour by consuming a diet composed of larger conspecifics. Herein, we report that cannibalism inDrosophilalarvae is confined not only to scavenging on conspecifics that are larger in size, but also on their eggs. Moreover, such cannibalistic larvae develop as normally as those grown on standard cornmeal medium. When stressed,Drosophila melanogasterlarvae can also consume a carnivorous diet derived from carcasses of organisms belonging to diverse taxonomic groups, includingMusca domestica,Apis melliferaandLycosidae sp. While adults are ill-equipped to devour conspecific carcasses, they selectively oviposit on them and also consume damaged cadavers of conspecifics. Thus, our results suggest that nutritionally stressedDrosophilashow distinct as well as unusual feeding behaviours that can be classified as detritivorous, cannibalistic and/or carnivorous.
A novel stearic acid-modified hirudin peptidomimetic with improved pharmacokinetic properties and anticoagulant activity
Authors: Liu Zhuguo , Yu Zheng , Huang Yuanyuan , Zhang Yan , Han Guozhu , Li Xian , Dong Mingxin , Yu Shuo , Wang Yu , Hu Jie , Guo Huiqin , Cheng Yuanguo , Lv Li , Dai Qiuyun 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA novel hirudin isoform 3 mimetic peptide, named peptide S2, has been prepared by introduction of a stearic acid modification. Peptide S2 exhibited superior inhibitory activity to hirulog-1 (Bivariludin) and showed significantly higher anticoagulant potency in vivo. Peptide S2 elevated the thrombin time, prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time of rat and human plasma more efficiently than hirulog-1 and the unmodified form of peptide S2 (peptide 1). Furthermore, peptide S2 inhibited arterial thrombosis and inferior vena cava in rat model 8 h after administration and was 10-fold more potent than hirulog-1 300 min after administration of 0.1 μmol/kg peptide. The enhanced antithrombotic activity could be attributed to its long half-life (T1/2 = 212.2 ± 58.4 min), which was 13.1 and 14.7-fold longer than those of hirulog-1 (T1/2 = 15.1 ± 1.3 min) and peptide 1 (T1/2 = 13.5 ± 2.6 min), respectively. Further enzymatic degradation and binding assay with human serum albumin (HSA) demonstrated that the longer duration time should be originated from the slowing of trypsin or thrombin–mediated degradation, as well as its binding to HSA. The improved pharmacokinetic properties observed for peptide S2 has made it a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of thrombi-related diseases.
When fur and feather occur together: interclass transmission of avian influenza A virus from mammals to birds through common resources
Authors: Jeffrey Root J. , Shriner Susan A. , Ellis Jeremy W. , VanDalen Kaci K. , Sullivan Heather J. , Franklin Alan B. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe potential role of wild mammals in avian influenza A virus (IAV) transmission cycles has received some attention in recent years and cases where birds have transmitted IAV to mammals have been documented. However, the contrasting cycle, wherein a mammal could transmit an avian IAV to birds, has been largely overlooked. We experimentally tested the abilities of two mammalian species to transmit avian IAV to mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) in simulated natural environments. Results suggested that striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) can successfully transmit avian IAV to mallards through indirect contact with shared resources, as transmission was noted in 1 of 4 of the mallards tested. Cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus sp.) exhibited a similar pattern, as one of five cottontail rabbits successfully transmitted IAV to a mallard, likely through environmental contamination. For each mammalian species tested, the mallards that became infected were those paired with the individual mammals with the lowest shedding levels but were anecdotally observed to be the most active animals. Mammals associated with and around poultry rearing facilities should be taken into consideration in biosecurity plans.
Ab initio molecular dynamics of liquid water using embedded-fragment second-order many-body perturbation theory towards its accurate property prediction
Authors: Willow Soohaeng Yoo , Salim Michael A. , Kim Kwang S. , Hirata So 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA direct, simultaneous calculation of properties of a liquid using an ab initio electron-correlated theory has long been unthinkable. Here we present structural, dynamical and response properties of liquid water calculated by ab initio molecular dynamics using the embedded-fragment spin-component-scaled second-order many-body perturbation method with the aug-cc-pVDZ basis set. This level of theory is chosen as it accurately and inexpensively reproduces the water dimer potential energy surface from the coupled-cluster singles, doubles and noniterative triples with the aug-cc-pVQZ basis set, which is nearly exact. The calculated radial distribution function, self-diffusion coefficient, coordinate number and dipole moment, as well as the infrared and Raman spectra are in excellent agreement with experimental results. The shapes and widths of the OH stretching bands in the infrared and Raman spectra and their isotropic-anisotropic Raman noncoincidence, which reflect the diverse local hydrogen-bond environment, are also reproduced computationally. The simulation also reveals intriguing dynamic features of the environment, which are difficult to probe experimentally, such as a surprisingly large fluctuation in the coordination number and the detailed mechanism by which the hydrogen donating water molecules move across the first and second shells, thereby causing this fluctuation.
Pathogenic Escherichia coli producing Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases isolated from surface water and wastewater
Authors: Franz Eelco , Veenman Christiaan , van Hoek Angela H. A. M. , Husman Ana de Roda , Blaak Hetty 
Published: September 2015

AbstractTo assess public health risks from environmental exposure to Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases (ESBL)-producing bacteria, it is necessary to have insight in the proportion of relative harmless commensal variants and potentially pathogenic ones (which may directly cause disease). In the current study, 170 ESBL-producing E. coli from Dutch wastewater (n = 82) and surface water (n = 88) were characterized with respect to ESBL-genotype, phylogenetic group, resistance phenotype and virulence markers associated with enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), extraintesinal E. coli (ExPEC) and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC). Overall, 17.1% of all ESBL-producing E. coli were suspected pathogenic variants. Suspected ExPECs constituted 8.8% of all ESBL-producing variants and 8.3% were potential gastrointestinal pathogens (4.1% EAEC, 1.8% EPEC, 1.2% EIEC, 1.2% ETEC, no STEC). Suspected pathogens were significantly associated with ESBL-genotype CTX-M-15 (X2 = 14.7, P < 0.001) and phylogenetic group B2 (X2 = 23.5, P < 0.001). Finally, 84% of the pathogenic ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were resistant to three or more different classes of antibiotics. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the aquatic environment is a potential reservoir of E. coli variants that combine ESBL-genes, a high level of multi-drug resistance and virulence factors and therewith pose a health risk to humans upon exposure.
Longitudinal tracking of single live cancer cells to understand cell cycle effects of the nuclear export inhibitor, selinexor
Authors: Marcus Joshua M. , Burke Russell T. , DeSisto John A. , Landesman Yosef , Orth James D. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractLongitudinal tracking is a powerful approach to understand the biology of single cells. In cancer therapy, outcome is determined at the molecular and cellular scale, yet relationships between cellular response and cell fate are often unknown. The selective inhibitor of nuclear export, selinexor, is in development for the treatment of various cancers. Selinexor covalently binds exportin-1, causing nuclear sequestration of cargo proteins, including key regulators of the cell cycle and apoptosis. The cell cycle effects of selinexor and the relationships between cell cycle effects and cell fates, has not been described for individual cells. Using fluorescent cell cycle indicators we report the majority of cell death after selinexor treatment occurs from a protracted G1-phase and early S-phase. G1- or early S-phase treated cells show the strongest response and either die or arrest, while those treated in late S- or G2-phase progress to mitosis and divide. Importantly, the progeny of cell divisions also die or arrest, mostly in the next G1-phase. Cells that survive selinexor are negative for multiple proliferation biomarkers, indicating a penetrant, arrested state. Selinexor acts quickly, shows strong cell cycle selectivity and is highly effective at arresting cell growth and inducing death in cancer-derived cells.
Preserving low perfusion during surgical liver blood inflow control prevents hepatic microcirculatory dysfunction and irreversible hepatocyte injury in rats
Authors: Li Chong-Hui , Chen Yong-Wei , Chen Yong-Liang , Yao Li-Bin , Ge Xin-Lan , Pan Ke , Zhang Ai-Qun , Dong Jia-Hong 
Published: September 2015

AbstractHepatic ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is of primary concern during liver surgery. We propose a new approach for preserving low liver blood perfusion during hepatectomy either by occlusion of the portal vein (OPV) while preserving hepatic artery flow or occlusion of the hepatic artery while limiting portal vein (LPV) flow to reduce I/R injury. The effects of this approach on liver I/R injury were investigated. Rats were randomly assigned into 4 groups: sham operation, occlusion of the portal triad (OPT), OPV and LPV. The 7-day survival rate was significantly improved in the OPV and LPV groups compared with the OPT group. Microcirculatory liver blood flow recovered rapidly after reperfusion in the OPV and LPV groups but decreased further in the OPT group. The OPV and LPV groups also showed much lower ALT and AST levels, Suzuki scores, inflammatory gene expression levels and parenchymal necrosis compared with the OPT group. An imbalance between the expression of vasoconstriction and vasodilation genes was observed in the OPT group but not in the OPV or LPV group. Therefore, preserving low liver blood perfusion by either the OPV or LPV methods during liver surgery is very effective for preventing hepatic microcirculatory dysfunction and hepatocyte injury.
Assessment of C-phycocyanin effect on astrocytes-mediated neuroprotection against oxidative brain injury using 2D and 3D astrocyte tissue model
Authors: Min Seul Ki , Park Jun Sang , Luo Lidan , Kwon Yeo Seon , Lee Hoo Cheol , Jung Shim Hyun , Kim Il-Doo , Lee Ja-Kyeong , Shin Hwa Sung 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDrugs are currently being developed to attenuate oxidative stress as a treatment for brain injuries. C-phycocyanin (C-Pc) is an antioxidant protein of green microalgae known to exert neuroprotective effects against oxidative brain injury. Astrocytes, which compose many portions of the brain, exert various functions to overcome oxidative stress; however, little is known about how C-Pc mediates the antioxidative effects of astrocytes. In this study, we revealed that C-Pc intranasal administration to the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats ensures neuroprotection of ischemic brain by reducing infarct size and improving behavioral deficits. C-Pc also enhanced viability and proliferation but attenuated apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) of oxidized astrocytes, without cytotoxicity to normal astrocytes and neurons. To elucidate how C-Pc leads astrocytes to enhance neuroprotection and repair of ischemia brain, we firstly developed 3D oxidized astrocyte model. C-Pc had astrocytes upregulate antioxidant enzymes such as SOD and catalase and neurotrophic factors BDNF and NGF, while alleviating inflammatory factors IL-6 and IL-1β and glial scar. Additionally, C-Pc improved viability of 3D oxidized neurons. In summary, C-Pc was concluded to activate oxidized astrocytes to protect and repair the ischemic brain with the combinatorial effects of improved antioxidative, neurotrophic and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
Role of tool marks inside spherical mitigation pit fabricated by micro-milling on repairing quality of damaged KH2PO4 crystal
Authors: Chen Ming-Jun , Cheng Jian , Yuan Xiao-Dong , Liao Wei , Wang Hai-Jun , Wang Jing-He , Xiao Yong , Li Ming-Quan 
Published: September 2015

AbstractRepairing initial slight damage site into stable structures by engineering techniques is the leading strategy to mitigate the damage growth on large-size components used in laser-driven fusion facilities. For KH2PO4crystals, serving as frequency converter and optoelectronic switch-Pockels cell, micro-milling has been proven the most promising method to fabricate these stable structures. However, tool marks inside repairing pit would be unavoidably introduced due to the wearing of milling cutter in actual repairing process. Here we quantitatively investigate the effect of tool marks on repairing quality of damaged crystal components by simulating its induced light intensification and testing the laser-induced damage threshold. We found that due to the formation of focusing hot spots and interference ripples, the light intensity is strongly enhanced with the presence of tool marks, especially for those on rear surfaces. Besides, the negative effect of tool marks is mark density dependent and multiple tool marks would aggravate the light intensification. Laser damage tests verified the role of tool marks as weak points, reducing the repairing quality. This work offers new criterion to comprehensively evaluate the quality of repaired optical surfaces to alleviate the bottleneck issue of low laser damage threshold for optical components in laser-driven fusion facilities.