bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antennal sensilla and ovipositor morphology of the European birch sawfly Arge pullata Zadd (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae, Argidae)
Authors: Zhang Lu , Feng Yu‐qian , Ren Li‐li , Luo You‐qing , Zong Shi‐xiang 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTArge pullata Zadd is an important phytophagous pest that damages red birch Betula albo‐sinensis in Hubei Province, South China. Massive ecological and economic losses have been caused by this species, which threatens the ecological security of the Shennongjia Nature Reserve. To investigate the mechanoreception, chemoreception, and oviposition processes of A. pullata, scanning electron microscopy and optical confocal microscopy were used to reveal the typology, morphology, and distribution of ovipositor and antennal sensilla. The results show that A. pullata has clavate antennae and eight types of sensilla in total, including sensilla chaetica, sensilla trichodea (types 1–3), sensilla basiconica, sensilla coeloconica (types 1 and 2), and Böhm's bristles. Sensilla trichodea type 1 distributed only on male antennae; the densities of sensilla trichodea type 2 and sensilla basiconica differed between the sexes. The binding pattern of ovipositor valvulae was discovered, and one type of sensilla chaetica, two types of sensory pits, and tooth‐like cones as well as two types of microtrichia were found in the ovipositor. Based on morphological evidence and research on Hymenoptera, putative functions are suggested to increase our understanding of the mechanisms by which this species finds hosts and mates, and how oviposition takes place. Microsc. Res. Tech. 77:401–409, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Predictors of rehospitalization after admission for pneumonia in the veterans affairs healthcare system
Authors: Tang Victoria L. , Halm Ethan A. , Fine Michael J. , Johnson Christopher S. , Anzueto Antonio , Mortensen Eric M. 
Published: March 2014

INTRODUCTIONAlthough some factors associated with rehospitalization after community‐acquired pneumonia have been identified, other factors such as medical care utilization and medication usage have not been previously studied. We investigated novel predictors of rehospitalization in patients admitted with pneumonia.METHODSUsing Department of Veteran Affairs (VA) administrative data from October 2001 to September 2007, we examined a cohort of patients 65 years old and older, who were hospitalized with pneumonia, in 150 VA acute care hospitals. The cohort was randomly split into derivation and validation samples, and then logistic regression models were used to identify and validate predictors of all‐cause rehospitalization within 30 days.RESULTSOf the 45,134 subjects, 13% were rehospitalized within 30 days. No significant differences were noted between the derivation and validation cohorts. Factors associated with readmission included age, marital status, chronic renal disease, prior malignancy, nursing home residence, congestive heart failure, use of oral corticosteroids, number of emergency department visits a year prior, prior admission, number of outpatient clinic visits in a year prior, and length of hospital stay. The C statistics for the derivation and validation models were 0.615 and 0.613, respectively.CONCLUSIONSFactors associated with readmission were largely unrelated to the underlying pneumonia, but were related to demographics, comorbidities, healthcare utilization, and length of stay on index admission. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2014;9:379–383. 2014 Society of Hospital Medicine
Effect of Silica Nanoparticles Modification on the Thermal, Structural, and Decomposition Properties of a β‐Nucleated Poly(propylene‐co‐ethylene) Matrix
Authors: Papageorgiou Dimitrios G. , Vourlias George , Bikiaris Dimitrios N. , Chrissafis Konstantinos 
Published: March 2014

In the current investigation, nanocomposites containing a β‐nucleated poly(propylene‐co‐ethylene) (PPR) matrix filled with untreated (SiO2) and methacrylate‐modified silica nanoparticles (SiO2‐MAA) are prepared. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveals the improvement in the quality of dispersion due to the surface modification of the nanoparticles. Also, from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD), it is found that the β‐nucleating agent and silica nanoparticles work synergistically in order to increase the relative β‐content in the nanocomposite samples. The thermal stability of each samples is evaluated by means of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and the enhancement of the thermal stability of the nanocomposites is attributed to the nanoconfinement of the macromolecular chains caused by the presence of the fillers.
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High permittivity pads reduce specific absorption rate, improve B1 homogeneity, and increase contrast‐to‐noise ratio for functional cardiac MRI at 3 T
Authors: Brink Wyger M. , Webb Andrew G. 
Published: March 2014

PurposeTo improve image quality and reduce specific absorption rate in functional cardiac imaging at 3 T.MethodsTwo high permittivity dielectric pads on the anterior and posterior sides of the thorax were numerically designed and implemented using an aqueous suspension of barium titanate. The effects on the average transmit efficiency, B1 homogeneity, reception sensitivity, and contrast‐to‐noise ratio were verified in vivo on a dual‐transmit system with the body coil driven in conventional quadrature and radiofrequency‐shimmed mode.ResultsStatistically significant improvements in average transmit efficiency, B1 homogeneity, and contrast‐to‐noise ratio were measured in healthy volunteers (n = 11) with body mass indices between 20.3 and 34.9. Simulations show that no radiofrequency hot spots are introduced by the dielectric material.ConclusionHigh permittivity pads are shown to reduce specific absorption rate, improve B1 homogeneity, and increase contrast‐to‐noise ratio in functional cardiac magnetic resonance at 3 T. The results presented in this work show that the current approach is more effective than dual‐channel radiofrequency shimming. Magn Reson Med 71:1632–1640, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Proficiency of nerve conduction using standard methods and reference values (cl. NPhys Trial 4)
Authors: Litchy William J. , Albers James W. , Wolfe James , Bolton Charles F. , Walsh Nancy , Klein Christopher J. , Zafft Andrew J. , Russell James W. , Zwirlein Melanie , Overland Carol J. , Davies Jenny L. , Carter Rickey E. , Dyck Peter J. ,   the CI. Nphys Trial 4 Investigators
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe Cl. NPhys Trial 3 showed that attributes of nerve conduction (NC) were without significant intraobserver differences, although there were significant interobserver differences. Methods: Trial 4 tested whether use of written instructions and pretrial agreement on techniques and use of standard reference values, diagnostic percentile values, or broader categorization of abnormality could reduce significant interobserver disagreement and improve agreement among clinical neurophysiologists. Results: The Trial 4 modifications markedly decreased, but did not eliminate, significant interobserver differences of measured attributes of NC. Use of standard reference values and defined percentile values of abnormality decreased interobserver disagreement and improved agreement of judgment of abnormality among evaluators. Therefore, the same clinical neurophysiologist should perform repeat NCs of therapeutic trial patients. Conclusions: Differences in interobserver judgment of abnormality decrease with use of common standard reference values and a defined percentile level of abnormality, providing a rationale for their use in therapeutic trials and medical practice. Muscle Nerve 50: 900–908, 2014
The Effect of Providing Breakfast in Class on Student Performance
Authors: Imberman Scott A. , Kugler Adriana D. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractMany schools have recently experimented with moving breakfast from the cafeteria to the classroom. We examine whether such a program increases achievement, grades, and attendance rates. We exploit quasi‐random timing of program implementation that allows for a difference‐in‐differences identification strategy. We find that providing breakfast in class relative to the cafeteria raises math and reading achievement by 0.09 and 0.06 standard deviations, respectively. These effects are most pronounced for low‐performing, free lunch‐eligible, Hispanic, and low body mass index students. A lack of differences by exposure time and effects on grades suggest that these impacts are on test‐taking performance rather than learning. At the same time, the results highlight the possibility that measured achievement may be biased downwards, and accountability penalties may be inappropriately applied, in schools where many students do not consume breakfast.
Evaluation of Dabigatran Bleeding Adverse Reaction Reports in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System during the First Year of Approval
Authors: McConeghy Kevin W. , Bress Adam , Qato Dima M. , Wing Coady , Nutescu Edith A. 
Published: March 2014

Study ObjectiveEvaluate dabigatran adverse event reports with a reported bleeding event and/or reported fatal outcome compared with warfarin.DesignRetrospective analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.Measurements and Main ResultsWe identified reports from October 1, 2010, through December 31, 2011, in the United States listing dabigatran or warfarin as the primary suspected agent. Bleeding events and related outcomes were determined. A bleeding‐related mortality rate was calculated based on national dabigatran treatment data.ResultsDabigatran was the primary suspected agent in 9029 adverse reports. Of these, 2347 (26%) were bleeding events; a fatal outcome was reported in 348 (15%) of the bleeding events. In comparison, warfarin was the suspected agent in 2038 reports, of which 647 (32%) were reported as bleeding events. Among the warfarin bleeding reports, 46 (7.1%) reported a fatal outcome. Based on national dabigatran use and adverse bleed reports with fatal outcomes, we estimate a lower bound of 150 bleeding‐related fatalities per 100,000 dabigatran patient‐years. Because of underreporting bias, these estimates represent a lower bound on the population bleeding mortality rates.ConclusionReports from FAERS are subject to significant bias but suggest that fatal outcomes among dabigatran reports are higher in clinical practice than they were in controlled clinical trials.
In‐situ growth condition analysis of AlN interlayers for wafer curvature control in GaN MOVPE on Si (111)
Authors: Liu Cai , Kumamoto Akihito , Sodabanlu Hassanet , Sugiyama Masakazu , Nakano Yoshiaki 
Published: March 2014

AbstractEffects of AlN interlayers growth conditions including thickness, temperature and V/III ratio on wafer bowing control in GaN MOVPE on Si (111) were studied by in‐situ curvature analysis. Simple methodology was applied, namely, multi‐condition growth and single‐condition growth, to survey the effects of growth conditions. Based on the results of this study, a proper AlN interlayer, which can introduce largest compressive stress in overly‐ing GaN layer, was approximately 6 ˜ 9 nm in thickness and grown at 900 °C, and V/III ratio of 1503. Based on in‐situ curvature observation, strategies were proposed for obtaining an AlN interlayer that applies the maximum compressive strain to an overlying GaN and to minimize the wafer bow at room temperature: (1) The bottom interface of an AlN interlayer should be incoherent and relaxed as much as possible with respect to the underlying GaN, for which lower temperature is preferable, (2) the top interface of an AlN interlayer should be coherent so that the overlying GaN can grow without high dislocation density at the interface and rapid relaxation, for which a moderate temperature and V/III ratio are preferable, (3) the thickness of an AlN interlayer should be limited less than the critical value for cracking. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
All‐epitaxial fabrication of a nanowire plasmon laser structure
Authors: Mastro Michael A. , Freitas Jaime A. , Hite Jennifer K. , Eddy Charles R. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAn all‐epitaxial approach was demonstrated to create coaxial plasmon laser structures composed of an aluminum plasmonic metal/SiNx dielectric/InGaN quantum well shell surrounding a p‐GaN nanowire core. Strong UV luminescence was observed from as‐grown vertically‐aligned arrays as well as horizontally‐aligned nanowires transferred to a transparent carrier wafer. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Parathyroid Hormone Enhances Hematopoietic Expansion Via Upregulation of Cadherin-11 in Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells
Authors: Yao Hisayuki , Miura Yasuo , Yoshioka Satoshi , Miura Masako , Hayashi Yoshihiro , Tamura Akihiro , Iwasa Masaki , Sato Atsushi , Hishita Terutoshi , Higashi Yayoi , Kaneko Hitomi , Ashihara Eishi , Ichinohe Tatsuo , Hirai Hideyo , Maekawa Taira 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) stimulates hematopoiesis in mouse models. The involvement of osteoblasts in this process has been well investigated; however, the effects of PTH on human hematopoiesis and bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) are unclear. Here, we show that BM-MSCs contribute to the hematopoiesis-stimulating effects of PTH via upregulation of cadherin-11 (CDH11). When culture-expanded human BM-MSCs were stimulated with PTH, their ability to expand cocultured CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) was enhanced. Furthermore, when PTH-treated BM-MSCs were subcutaneously implanted into NOD/SCID mice, the induction of hematopoietic cells was enhanced. Culture-expanded human BM-MSCs expressed CDH11, and the level of CDH11 expression increased following PTH stimulation. Depletion of CDH11 expression in BM-MSCs using small interfering RNA abolished the enhancement of HPC expansion by PTH-treated BM-MSCs. In lethally irradiated mice that underwent BM transplantation, CDH11 expression in BM-MSCs was higher and survival was better in PTH-treated mice than in control mice. The number of hematopoietic cells in BM and the number of red blood cells in peripheral blood were higher in PTH-treated mice than in control mice. Our results demonstrate that PTH stimulates hematopoiesis through promoting the upregulation of CDH11 expression in BM-MSCs, at least in part. PTH treatment may be an effective strategy to enhance the ability of BM-MSCs to support hematopoiesis. Stem Cells 2014;32:2245–2255
Efficient Specification of Interneurons from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells by Dorsoventral and Rostrocaudal Modulation
Authors: Kim Tae-Gon , Yao Ruiqin , Monnell Travis , Cho Jun-Hyeong , Vasudevan Anju , Koh Alice , Peeyush Kumar T. , Moon Minho , Datta Debkanya , Bolshakov Vadim Y. , Kim Kwang-Soo , Chung Sangmi 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
GABAergic interneurons regulate cortical neural networks by providing inhibitory inputs, and their malfunction, resulting in failure to intricately regulate neural circuit balance, is implicated in brain diseases such as Schizophrenia, Autism, and Epilepsy. During early development, GABAergic interneuron progenitors arise from the ventral telencephalic area such as medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) and caudal ganglionic eminence (CGE) by the actions of secreted signaling molecules from nearby organizers, and migrate to their target sites where they form local synaptic connections. In this study, using combinatorial and temporal modulation of developmentally relevant dorsoventral and rostrocaudal signaling pathways (SHH, Wnt, and FGF8), we efficiently generated MGE cells from multiple human pluripotent stem cells. Most importantly, modulation of FGF8/FGF19 signaling efficiently directed MGE versus CGE differentiation. Human MGE cells spontaneously differentiated into Lhx6-expressing GABAergic interneurons and showed migratory properties. These human MGE-derived neurons generated GABA, fired action potentials, and displayed robust GABAergic postsynaptic activity. Transplantation into rodent brains results in well-contained neural grafts enriched with GABAergic interneurons that migrate in the host and mature to express somatostatin or parvalbumin. Thus, we propose that signaling modulation recapitulating normal developmental patterns efficiently generate human GABAergic interneurons. This strategy represents a novel tool in regenerative medicine, developmental studies, disease modeling, bioassay, and drug screening. Stem Cells 2014;32:1789–1804
Effect of operating modes on simultaneous anaerobic sulfide and nitrate removal in microbial fuel cell
Authors: Cai Jing , Zheng Ping , Qaisar Mahmood , Xing Yajuan 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The effect of operating modes on the simultaneous sulfide and nitrate removal were studied in two-chamber microbial fuel cells (MFCs). The batch and continuous operating modes were compared and evaluated in terms of substrate removal and electricity generation. Upon gradual increase in the influent sulfide concentration from 60 to 1,020 S mg L−1, and the hydraulic retention time decrease from 17.2 to 6 h, the MFC accomplished a good substrate removal efficiency whereby nitrogen and sulfate were the main end products. The removal efficiency of the MFC in the continuous mode was much higher than that in the batch mode, and its current densities in the continuous mode were more stable and higher than in the batch mode, which could be explained by the linear relationship between electrons released by the substrates and accepted on the electrodes. The electricity output in the continuous mode of the MFC was higher than that in the batch mode. MFC's operation in the continuous mode was a better strategy for the simultaneous treatment of sulfide and nitrate.
Japanese consensus guidelines for pediatric nuclear medicine
Authors:   The Japanese Society of Nuclear Medicine,   Optimization Committee for Pediatric Nuclear Medicine Studies, Koizumi Kiyoshi , Masaki Hidekazu , Matsuda Hiroshi , Uchiyama Mayuki , Okuno Mitsuo , Oguma Eiji , Onuma Hiroshi , Kanegawa Kimio , Kanaya Shinichi , Kamiyama Hiroshi , Karasawa Kensuke , Kitamura Masayuki , Kida Tetsuo , Kono Tatsuo , Kondo Chisato , Sasaki Masayuki , Terada Hitoshi , Nakanishi Atsushi , Hashimoto Teisuke , Hataya Hiroshi , Hamano Shin-ichiro , Hirono Keishi , Fujita Yukihiko , Hoshino Ken , Yano Masayuki , Watanabe Seiichi 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

The Japanese Society of Nuclear Medicine has recently published the consensus guidelines for pediatric nuclear medicine. This article is the English version of the guidelines. Part 1 proposes the dose optimization in pediatric nuclear medicine studies. Part 2 comprehensively discusses imaging techniques for the appropriate conduct of pediatric nuclear medicine procedures, considering the characteristics of imaging in children.
Health‐care use and cost in dementia caregivers: Longitudinal results from the Predictors Caregiver Study
Authors: Zhu Carolyn W. , Scarmeas Nikolaos , Ornstein Katherine , Albert Marilyn , Brandt Jason , Blacker Deborah , Sano Mary , Stern Yaakov 
Published: March 2014

ObjectiveTo examine the effects of caregiver and patient characteristics on caregivers' medical care use and cost.MethodsOne hundred forty‐seven caregiver/patient dyads were followed annually for 6 years in three academic Alzheimer's disease centers in the United States. Logistic, negative binomial, and generalized linear mixed models were used to examine overall effects of caregiver/patient characteristics on caregivers' hospitalizations, doctor visits, outpatient tests and procedures, and prescription and over‐the‐counter medications.ResultsPatients' comorbid conditions and dependence were associated with increased health‐care use and costs of caregivers. Increases in caregiver depressive symptoms are associated with increases in multiple domains of caregivers' health‐care use and costs.DiscussionFindings suggest expanding our focus on dementia patients to include family caregivers to obtain a fuller picture of effects of caregiving. Primary care providers should integrate caregivers' needs in health‐care planning and delivery. Clinical interventions that treat patients and caregivers as a whole will likely achieve the greatest beneficial effects.
A case of complete atrioventricular block: The use of magnetic resonance imaging conditional pacemakers for diagnosing cardiac sarcoidosis
Authors: Miwa Yosuke , Soejima Kyoko , Sato Toshiaki , Maeda Akiko , Ueda Akiko , Miyakoshi Mutsumi , Hoshida Kyoko , Higuchi Satoshi , Matsushita Noriko , Nagaoka Mika , Momose Yuichi , Kanaya Mitsuhiro , Yoshino Hideaki 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA 50‐year‐old man presented to the emergency department with repeated episodes of faintness and exertional dyspnea, and was found to have an atrioventricular (AV) block. Chest radiography and transthoracic echocardiography results were normal, without any evidence of heart failure, wall motion abnormalities, interventricular septum thinning, or bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy. A temporary pacemaker was implanted, followed by a permanent pacemaker. Chest computed tomography with contrast enhancement did not show abnormalities, including patent coronary arteries, lymph node adenopathy, and pulmonary abnormalities. Thus, an MRI conditional dual chamber pacemaker and leads were implanted. Six weeks following the implant, a cardiac MRI was performed to test for cardiac sarcoidosis. Although cine imaging showed normal left and right ventricular function, late gadolinium enhancement demonstrated multiple enhanced uptakes. Based on the results of the cardiac MRI, PET, and gallium scintigraphy, the most likely diagnosis was cardiac sarcoidosis. Although no abnormal findings were found on physical examination, blood work, chest radiography, and transthoracic echocardiogram, multiple regions of delayed enhancement were observed in the cardiac MRI. Thus, MRI conditional pacemakers are a useful tool for diagnosing cardiac sarcoidosis and early therapeutic intervention.
The Judge and the Sacred: Notes for a Comparative History of Western and Chinese Judicial Cultures
Authors: Jacob Robert 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe present paper reviews some conclusions deriving from a series of works by a historian of medieval Western law and justice who has applied comparative analysis to the Chinese world. It points to the distance between the two civilizations, in terms of the concept of a “debt of justice” owed by the state, the autonomy of the judicial power, and judicial ethics. It opens a debate on the cultural elements that define the judicial truth-making process in various legal systems.