bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma - Characteristics and Survival in Aboriginal and Non-Aboriginal Western Australians
Authors: A.M Frydrych , L.M Slack-Smith , R Parsons , T Threlfall 
Published: September 2014

Background:Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common type of malignancy affecting the oral cavity. While exposures to main risk factors for oral SCC such as smoking and alcohol use are higher amongst the Aboriginal people, little is known about oral cancer in this population. This study aimed to describe characteristics and survival of oral SCC in Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Western Australians.Methods:All primary oral SCC cases reported to the Western Australian Cancer Registry (WACR) between 1990 and 1999 were analysed with respect to person characteristics including: date of birth, sex and indigenous status; and disease characteristics including: date of biopsy, disease stage and site as well as date of recurrence and date of death. Exclusion criteria included diagnosis not based on incisional or excisional biopsy, diagnosis other than oral SCC or a history of another malignant neoplasm.Results:Aboriginal individuals were more likely to reside in rural areas. No statistically significant differences in oral SCC characteristics and survival were noted between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Western Australians.Conclusion:This study provides new information on person and disease characteristics of Aboriginal Western Australians diagnosed with oral SCC.
Taxing Nonrecourse Litigation Funding
Authors: Gamino John 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT
This article examines the implications of the growing phenomenon of nonrecourse litigation funding. The increasing acceptance and use of such funding raises elemental federal income tax issues of characterization and timing for funding providers and for plaintiffs accepting such funding in exchange for agreeing to share the cash proceeds of any settlement or judgment. Emphasizing the commercial (business-to-business) market for litigation funding as it has evolved, this article addresses the lack of guidance as to the implicit tax compliance issues by testing alternative guidance models that may apply by analogy. It concludes by identifying the single model that should apply and offers a pro forma revenue ruling as a starting point for the government's further consideration of the issues and early promulgation of administrative guidance.
Taxation of Gambling in the United States: Comparing the Current System with Two Alternatives
Authors: Jones Christopher R. , Usrey Spencer C. , Webb Thomas Z. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT
Under current federal and state laws within the United States, the taxation of gambling activities is complex and largely inefficient. At the federal level, taxes on gambling providers are virtually nonexistent outside of normal corporate taxation laws. At the state level, the varying tax regimes within states lead to a complicated reporting environment, with differing calculation methods and varying tax rates for gamblers and gambling operations. For individuals, tax reporting can be cumbersome, complex, and ineffective. This paper discusses the current tax reporting environment in the United States, as well as the tax environments in other nations with large gambling industries, such as France, Macau, Singapore, and the United Kingdom. Finally, we calculate an estimate of tax revenues on gambling earnings based on the current U.S. tax regimes and compare them to hypothetical tax revenues calculated by using tax regimes in foreign jurisdictions.
Data Availability: All data are publically available and cited in the article.
Analysis of Anticaries Potential of Pit and Fissures Sealants Containing Amorphous Calcium Phosphate Using Synchrotron Microtomography
Authors: Delben ACB , Cannon M , Vieira AEM , Basso MD , Danelon M , Santo MRE , Stock SR , Xiao X , De Carlo F 
Published: September 2014

SUMMARY
The aim of this study was to analyze the anticaries potential of pit and fissure sealants containing amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) by synchrotron microtomography. Bovine enamel blocks (4×4 mm; n=50) were selected through surface hardness (Knoop) analysis. Slabs were obtained through cross-sections taken 1 mm from the border of the enamel. Five indentations, spaced 100 μm apart, were made 300 μm from the border. Ten specimens were prepared for each tested material (Ultraseal XT plus TM, Aegis, Embrace, Vitremer and Experimental Sealant). The materials were randomly attached to the sectioned surfaces of the enamel blocks and fixed with sticky wax. The specimens were submitted to pH cycling. After that, the surface hardness (SH1) was determined, and the blocks were submitted to synchrotron microcomputed tomography analysis to calculate the mineral concentration (ΔgHAp cm−3) at different areas of the enamel. The comparison between the SH1 and ΔgHAp cm−3 showed a correlation for all groups (r=0.840; p&lt;0.001). The fluoride groups presented positive values of ΔgHAp cm−3, indicating a mineral gain that was observed mainly in the outer part of the enamel. The ACP showed mineral loss in the outer enamel compared with fluoride groups, although it inhibited the demineralization in the deeper areas of enamel. The combination of two remineralizing agents (fluoride and ACP) was highly effective in preventing demineralization.
Compounds of the Methanolic Leaf Extract as Chemotaxonomic Markers for the Campanula Pyramidalis Complex (Campanulaceae)
Authors: Janković Ivana B. , Drobac Milica M. , Lakušić Dmitar V. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
During the past few years, the isophylloid Campanula pyramidalis complex has been the subject of studies aimed at an improved understanding of the relationships within it. The center of distribution of the C. pyramidalis complex is in the Balkan Peninsula with some smaller parts of the area located in the south Apennines. Although 21 taxa of the C. pyramidalis complex were described, only four species are accepted: C. pyramidalis, C. versicolor, C. secundiflora and C. austroadriatica. In the present study, we propose compounds of the methanolic leaf extract as possible chemotaxonomic markers for the C. pyramidalis complex. Eleven flavonoids and two phenolic acids were detected in leaf extract using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection analysis. The investigated taxa of the C. pyramidalis complex differ in terms of the composition of the methanolic leaf extract. clustering of investigated taxa is not completely consistent with the previously reported molecular and morphometric data.
Decrease of Atherosclerosis Markers and Oxidative Stress After 1 Year Administration of Omega-3 Fatty Acids Supplements in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Dragomir Andreea , Rusu Emila , Posea Mihaela , Radulian Gabriela 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Background and Aims: To assess the impact of 1 year administration of omega-3 fatty acids supplements on oxidative stress parameters and atherosclerosis progression. Material and Methods: A total of 284 patients with metabolic syndrome, aged 61±6.7 years, without clinical evidence of atherosclerosis were allocated to 2 groups, matched by sex and age: group A (140 patients) - diet according to ESC/EASD recommendations; group B (144 patients) - the same diet + capsules of fish oil (1g eicosapentanoic acid, 1g docosahexanoic acid, 0,1g a-tocopherol acetate). Body fat (BF) was measured by bioimpedance analysis. For oxidative stress evaluation we used the FormOx systems monitor on a blood drop and for progression of atherosclerosis the intima-media thickness (IMT) at common carotid artery. Patients were evaluated at baseline, after 6 months and 1 year. Results: IMT significantly decreased in group B vs group A at 1 year (p<0.0001) and was correlated with %BF (p<0.001), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) (p=0.002), leptin (p< 0.001), adiponectin (p<0.05), leptin/adiponectin ratio (p< 0.001) and oxidative stress (p<0.001). Conclusions: One year administrations of omega-3 PUFA enriched diet reduces cardiovascular risk of metabolic syndrome patients, resulting in a significant decrease of oxidative stress and atherosclerosis progression.
Modern Approach in Premature Ovarian Failure
Authors: Pacu Irina , Ionescu Cringu , Serafinceanu Cristian , Pantea-Stoian Anca Mihaela , Elian Viviana 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Premature ovarian failure (POF) is a condition affecting 1-2% of women younger than 40 years of age, characterized by amenorrhea, hypoestrogenism and elevated gonadotropin levels. In the last years it became a problem of social health interest as the frequency increased due to environmental factors and new, efficient methods for cancer treatment in young women. Few genes have beed identified to explain cases of POF but there are also autoimmune associated conditions and an increasing number of iatrogenic cases (chemotherapy, surgery, radiotherapy). Modern approach in POF means not only a precise etiological diagnosis, but also a correct counseling for these patients who often want to become parents, and a chance for a healthy life without the long term consequences of estrogen deprivation from an early age. In vitro fertilization (IVF) techniques can be useful for certain cases but research is needed on strategies to improve fertility for women who have follicles remaining in the ovaries.
Acceleration of ray tracing method using predictive evaluation and GPGPU technology
Authors: Sobota Branislav , Korečko Štefan , Szabó Csaba , Hrozek František 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Ray tracing is one of computer graphics methods for achieving the most realistic outputs. Its main disadvantage is high computation demands. Removal of this disadvantage is possible using parallelization due to the fact that the ray tracing method is inherently parallel. Solution presented in this article uses GPGPU (general-purpose computing on graphics processing units) technology and a predictive evaluation for the acceleration of ray tracing method. The CUDA C was selected as a GPGPU language and it was used for a conversion of a raytracer core. The main reason for choosing this language was usage of the Tesla C1060 graphics card. The predictive evaluation of a scene was based on the fact that total computation time increases proportionally with resolution. This evaluation allows selection of the optimal scene division for the parallel ray tracing. In tests, proposed GPGPU solution reached accelerations up to 28.3× comparing to CPU.
Prevalence and Correlates of Psychiatric Problems among Engineering Students
Authors: Pandey AK , Adhikari BR , Verma SK , Bhojak MM 
Published: September 2014

INTRODUCTION: Mental health among students represents an important and growing public health concern. College is a place where student learns new experiences which play a vital role in physical as well as psychological growth for the identity consolidation. Engineering students experience frequent psychological distress as of various underlying reasons leading to psychiatric disorders including anxiety, depression, substance use etc. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The final sample consisted of 196 students (1st year 50, 2nd year 51, 3rd year 48 and final year 47) from the Malviya National Institute of Technology (MNIT) Jaipur, the premier engineering college of Rajasthan, India. Study was conducted in two phases. In first phase, engineering students were administered socio-demographic data sheet and GHQ-60 (General Health Questionnaire) hindi version to ascertain the extent of psychiatric illnesses. False positive cases were dropped and in second phase the diagnosed students with psychiatric problems and control group were individually administered a battery of tests to determine the role of various possible causative factors. Scores obtained on different measures were arranged as per the requirement of research design and statistical procedure. RESULTS: Out of all the subjects, 24.49% had some psychiatric disorders. Psychiatric disorder was highest i.e. 32% in 1st year students and overall in 36.60% of female students. Statistically significant differences were noted on various applied tools. CONCLUSION: Students who had higher scores on GHQ-60 scale had more neurotic problems, poor coping skills and abnormal personality traits and had high psychiatric morbidity than the vice versa group.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v2i2.11167 Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences (2014) Vol.2(2): 6-10
Comparison of Maternal and Perinatal Outcome in Pregnant Women with Hypothyroidism Diagnosed before Conception with Hypothyroidism Diagnosed during Pregnancy
Authors: Basnet P , Aggrawal N , Suri V , Dutta P , Mukhopadhyay K 
Published: September 2014

BACKGROUND: Thyroid disorder is one of commonest endocrine disorder in women and hence constitutes a common endocrine disorder complicating pregnancy. Diagnosing and treating hypothyroidism preconceptionally and during early pregnancy appears to be a useful strategy to improve maternal and fetal outcome. OBJECTIVE: To compare the maternal and perinatal outcome in pregnant women with hypothyroidism diagnosed preconceptionally with hypothyroidism diagnosed during pregnancy. METHODS: A prospective study. One hundred pregnant women with hypothyroidism at less than 20 weeks Period of Gestation (POG) were recruited for the study and grouped into two groups: Group A-hypothyroidism diagnosed and on treatment before conception, Group B-hypothyroidism diagnosed and started on treatment during pregnancy. Both groups were intensively monitored during pregnancy with serial Thyroid Function Test (TFT) and thyroxine replacement doses were adjusted accordingly. Various maternal, perinatal and fetal outcome measures were studied in both groups prospectively till delivery. RESULTS: The maternal and fetal complications were comparable in the two groups, however the fetal birth weight was significantly higher in Group A versus Group B (2.89±0.485kg vs. 2.70±0.453kg; p=0.039). All the new born babies had normal thyroid function. CONCLUSION: Hypothyroidism diagnosed preconceptionally or during early pregnancy and treated appropriately has beneficial effect on fetal birth weight, and hence the total pregnancy outcome. Screening for thyroid dysfunction should be judiciously performed in all high risk women prior to a planned conception or during their first antenatal visit. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v2i2.11170 Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences (2014) Vol.2(2): 21-27
Study of Factors Determining Outcomes in the Hospitalized Patients with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Authors: Sijapati MJ , Bhatta N , Khanal B , Lamsal M , Chaudhary S 
Published: September 2014

BACKGROUND: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity across the world. Information related to the factors associated with COPD exacerbation and factors determining outcome in hospitalized patient with acute exacerbation of COPD are very important for effective long-term management of this disease. Within this background we attempted to study the factors determining outcome in hospitalized patients with acute exacerbation of COPD. METHODS: The study was prospective observational study. Hundred consecutive patients hospitalized with acute exacerbation of COPD were prospectively assessed. RESULTS: Patients required mechanical ventilation and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) transfer were 17 (17%). Patients with hypercapnia pCO2 [(80.24 ± 10.76mmHg P=0.001], pH [(7.24 ± 0.062) P=0.004] with type 2 respiratory failure required ICU transfers with mechanical ventilatory support and these variables were statistically significant in univariate analysis. Patients who were in COPD stage III (FEV1/FVC ratio < 0.35) and having the poor arterial blood gas parameters pH (7.24±0.02) P=0.001, pCO2 [(76.5±13.12mmHg,P=0.006] had bad prognosis. The patients with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (AECOPD) who were smokers and exposed to indoor air pollution due to use of biomass fuels had poor outcomes. CONCLUSION: Patients with AECOPD hospitalized in a tertiary care center in a developing country suggest that FEV1/FVC impairment, decreased pH, increased pC02, current smoking status and presence of biomass exposure are associated with prolonged hospitalization, ICU admission and death. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v2i2.11171 Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences (2014) Vol.2(2): 28-34
Burst Strength of Composite Cylinders – Assessment of the Type of Statistical Distribution
Authors: Mair Georg W. , Becker Ben , Scherer Florian 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Composite materials show an extraordinary change of properties depending on service life. This implies the necessity to find tailored methods to determine strength and residual strength of composite cylinders. This determination can be done by load cycle tests [1] or, in some cases, primarily by slow burst tests [2]. The results of both test methods need statistical assessment for the precise description of strength. Especially the statistical assessment of burst related strength properties has a high uncertainty. Sample size [3] and scatter distribution were identified as major influences on uncertainty. It is unclear if a Gaussian normal distribution, a Weibull distribution or others describe the scatter behaviour correctly. An assumption has to be found and confirmed to prevent overestimation of survival rate, respectively reliability, in the interval of one failure per 104 to 108 cylinders.
The Mechanical and Electrical Properties of the Ternary Bi-Ga-Sb System
Authors: Minić Duško , Premović Milena , Čikara Dejan , Mitrovica Kosovska , Manasijević Dragan , Živković Dragana 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The ternary Bi-Ga-Sb system is a potential soldering material. The gallium-based alloy systems are the subject of numerous investigations due to the constant interest of the semiconductor industry. For a more complete characterization of the ternary Bi-Ga-Sb system, alloys from the three vertical sections were investigated using microstructural analysis as well as electrical conductivity and Brinell hardness measurements. The microstructures of the alloys were investigated by light microscopy and scanning electronic microscopy equipped with energy dispersive spectrometry. Isolines of electrical conductivity and hardness for the entire Bi-Ga-Sb system were calculated using regression models. In addition, a thermodynamic assessment of the system has been carried out by calculation of the isothermal section at 100 °C and by description using the CALPHAD method. Experimental and analytical results were found to be in good agreement.
Effect of thixoforming on morphological changes in iron-bearing intermetallics and mechanical properties of Al–Si–Cu alloys
Authors: Tavakoli Mohammad Mahdi , Shabestari Saeed G. , Ghanbari Mohsen 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Al–Si–Cu casting alloys are widely used in manufacturing automotive parts. Semisolid forming of these alloys can eliminate major problems in their die casting. In this study, low superheated melt was employed to modify the microstructure and to produce non-dendritic A380 alloy. Melt was poured on a cooling slope plate at 615°C and ingots were obtained through permanent mold casting. They were thixoformed using a hydraulic press after holding at 570°C for 15 min to yield a microstructure having α-Al globules, Si particles, and modified β-phase intermetallic compounds. Image analysis showed that the size and distribution of α-Al phases and iron-bearing intermetallics were modified by using semisolid processing. The results also showed that cooling slope casting and thixoforming have improved the mechanical properties including tensile strength, elongation, and hardness of the high iron content A380 alloys.
Ein schriftlicher Thinktank wird praxisnäher
Authors: Brang Peter , Leuch Barbara Allgaier , Kräuchi Norbert , Hostettler Martin 
Published: September 2014

A think tank on paper comes closer to the practitioner
This note informs you about changes which will be put in place in the Swiss Forestry Journal in 2015, as well as the rationale motivating them. The Journal is the most visible product of the Swiss Forestry Society, and has been its flagship for 164 years. The members of the Society accepted in 2013 a new, more streamlined concept for the Journal. From 2015, the Journal will only appear six times a year. It will remain the organ of the Society, and will continue to distribute news on forest related issues. In a survey, many members expressed their wish that the Journal should deal more with practical issues. This request is being followed in three ways: 1) short articles from practitioners and researchers (new section “Notes”), 2) a closer link to practice in every article, and 3) a more flexible interpretation of the rule that contributions must be original work. In this way, the Journal positions itself more clearly at the interface between research and practice. Its role is to promote, like a think tank on paper, high-level professional discussions in the forest sector and thus the sector's evolution, as well as to foster mutual understanding between researchers and practitioners. Also those who are not researchers are invited to take their pen and enhance the Journal's practical relevance by their contributions.
Current status of hematopoietic stem cell transplant in chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Gupta Alok , Khattry Navin 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIndications for hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) have changed over time. This change has largely been influenced by the advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, increased understanding of the mechanisms underlying disease phase progression as well as drug resistance, refinement of transplant techniques and exploitation of graft versus leukemia effect in this disease. Here, we have discussed the status of HSCT in CML in the present era with regards to the current indications, factors determining outcome and management strategies for posttransplant relapse.
Immature teratoma at umbilicus region presenting as exomphalos: A case report with review of literature
Authors: Chavali Lakshmi V. , Bhaskar R , Reddy J Bhaskar 
Published: September 2014

AbstractUmbilical cord neoplasms are rare. Teratomas, which are accepted as the only true neoplasms at this site, are exceptional. These tumors are polymorphic in their presentation and are often associated with other abnormalities, with exomphalos being the most common abnormality. Histologically these tumors show mature tissues from all the three-germ layers. Immature elements as seen in our case are rare. Germ cells which have gone astray during embryonic development are thought to be the cells of origin of these tumors.