bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A 15‐year retrospective analysis of prognostic factors in childhood bacterial meningitis
Authors: Wee Liang Yi Justin , Tanugroho Raymond Reinaldo , Thoon Koh Cheng , Chong Chia Yin , Choong Chew Thye , Krishnamoorthy Subramania , Maiwald Matthias , Tee Nancy Wen Sim , Tan Natalie Woon Hui 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimThis retrospective chart review aimed to identify factors in childhood bacterial meningitis that predicted disease severity and long‐term outcome.MethodsThe study included 112 episodes of microbiologically confirmed bacterial meningitis in children aged three days to 15 years who were admitted to a Singapore hospital from 1998 to 2013.ResultsThe mortality rate was 6%, and 44% required intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Predictive factors associated with ICU admission included pneumococcal meningitis, with an odds ratio (OR) of 5.2 and 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.5–18.2, leukopenia (OR 5.6, 95% CI 1.7–17.9) and a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF):serum glucose ratio <0.25 (OR 4.5, 95% CI 1.4–14.4). An initial CSF white blood cell count >1000/mm3 (OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.086–0.76) was negatively associated with ICU admission. Five years after meningitis, 32% had residual sequelae, and the associated prognostic factors were Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) meningitis (OR 29.5, 95% CI 2–429), seizures during their inpatient stay (OR 10.6, 95% CI 1.9–60.2) and septic shock (OR 8.4, 95% CI 1.1–62.1).ConclusionAs mortality was low in this bacterial meningitis study, ICU admission was used as a marker of disease severity. These findings underscore the importance of the pneumococcal and Hib meningitis vaccines.
Resilience factors play an important role in the mental health of parents when children survive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Eilertsen Mary‐Elizabeth , Hjemdal Odin , Le Thien Thanh , Diseth Trond H. , Reinfjell Trude 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimChildhood cancer is a tremendous stressor that requires parents to adapt to new challenges, and research has mainly focused on psychopathology and rarely on a resource‐oriented perspective, such as resilience. This study assessed resilience factors among parents of children surviving acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and parents of healthy children. We also explored the association between parental resilience and mental health.MethodsThe study compared 57 parents of 40 children from eight to 15 years of age in remission from acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and 63 parents of 42 healthy children. The Resilience Scale for Adults and the General Health Questionnaire were used to assess parental resilience and mental health.ResultsParents of children surviving acute lymphoblastic leukaemia showed significantly lower levels of resilience than parents of healthy children, but no significant difference was found for mental health. Certain resilience factors were positively associated with mental health, especially for mothers, such as family cohesion, good perception of self and being able to plan their future.ConclusionResilience factors may help to protect parents' mental health, especially mothers, when their child has survived acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and should be considered in a clinical setting. Further research on resilience factors for fathers is needed.
Medical Researchers' Ancillary Care Obligations: The Relationship‐Based Approach
Authors: Olson Nate W. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn this article, I provide a new account of the basis of medical researchers' ancillary care obligations. Ancillary care in medical research, or medical care that research participants need but that is not required for the validity or safety of a study or to redress research injuries, is a topic that has drawn increasing attention in research ethics over the last ten years. My view, the relationship‐based approach, improves on the main existing theory, Richardson and Belsky's ‘partial‐entrustment model’, by avoiding its problematic restriction on the scope of health needs for which researchers could be obligated to provide ancillary care. Instead, it grounds ancillary care obligations in a wide range of morally relevant features of the researcher‐participant relationship, including the level of engagement between researchers and participants, and weighs these factors against each other. I argue that the level of engagement, that is, the duration and intensity of interactions, between researchers and participants matters for ancillary care because of its connection to the meaningfulness of a relationship, and I suggest that other morally relevant features can be grounded in researchers' role obligations.
Late syn‐rift evolution of the Vingleia Fault Complex, Halten Terrace, offshore Mid‐Norway; a test of rift basin tectono‐stratigraphic models
Authors: Elliott Gavin M. , Jackson Christopher A.‐L. , Gawthorpe Robert L. , Wilson Paul , Sharp Ian R. , Michelsen Lisa 
Published: October 2015

AbstractRift basin tectono‐stratigraphic models indicate that normal fault growth controls the sedimentology and stratigraphic architecture of syn‐rift deposits. However, such models have rarely been tested by observations from natural examples and thus remain largely conceptual. In this study we integrate 3D seismic reflection, and biostratigraphically constrained core and wireline log data from the Vingleia Fault Complex, Halten Terrace, offshore Mid‐Norway to test rift basin tectono‐stratigraphic models. The geometry of the basin‐bounding fault and its hangingwall, and the syn‐rift stratal architecture, vary along strike. The fault is planar along a much of its length, bounding a half‐graben containing a faultward‐thickening syn‐rift wedge. Locally, however, the fault has a ramp‐flat‐ramp geometry, with the hangingwall defined by a fault‐parallel anticline‐syncline pair. Here, an unusual bipartite syn‐rift architecture is observed, comprising a lower faultward‐expanding and an upper faultward‐thinning wedge. Fine‐grained basinfloor deposits dominate the syn‐rift succession, although isolated coarse clastics occur. The spatial and temporal distribution of these coarse clastics is complex due to syn‐depositional movement on the Vingleia Fault Complex. High rates of accommodation generation in the fault hangingwall led to aggradational stacking of fan deltas that rapidly (<5 km) pinch out basinward into offshore mudstone. In the south of the basin, rapid strain localization meant that relay ramps were short‐lived and did not represent major, long‐lived sediment entry points. In contrast, in the north, strain localization occurred later in the rift event, thus progradational shorefaces developed and persisted for a relatively long time in relay ramps developed between unlinked fault segments. The footwall of the Vingleia Fault Complex was characterized by relatively low rates of accommodation generation, with relatively thin, progradational hangingwall shorelines developed downdip of the fault block apex, sometime after the onset of sediment supply to the hangingwall. We show that rift basin tectono‐stratigraphic models need modifying to take into account along‐strike variability in fault structure and basin physiography, and the timing and style of syn‐rift sediment dispersal and facies, in both hangingwall and footwall locations.
Late Pliocene–early Pleistocene deep‐sea basin sedimentation at high‐latitudes: mega‐scale submarine slides of the north‐western Barents Sea margin prior to the shelf‐edge glaciations
Authors: Safronova P. A. , Laberg J. S. , Andreassen K. , Shlykova V. , Vorren T. O. , Chernikov S. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAt high‐latitude continental margins, large‐scale submarine sliding has been an important process for deep‐sea sediment transfer during glacial and interglacial periods. Little is, however, known about the importance of this process prior to the arrival of the ice sheet on the continental shelf. Based on new two‐dimensional seismic data from the NW Barents Sea continental margin, this study documents the presence of thick and regionally extensive submarine slides formed between 2.7 and 2.1 Ma, before shelf‐edge glaciation. The largest submarine slide, located in the northern part of the Storfjorden Trough Mouth Fan (TMF), left a scar and is characterized by an at least 870‐m‐thick interval of chaotic to reflection‐free seismic facies interpreted as debrites. The full extent of this slide debrite 1 is yet unknown but it has a mapped areal distribution of at least 10.7 × 103 km2 and it involved >4.1 × 103 km3 of sediments. It remobilized a larger sediment volume than one of the largest exposed submarine slides in the world – the Storegga Slide in the Norwegian Sea. In the southern part of the Storfjorden TMF and along the Kveithola TMF, the seismic data reveal at least four large‐scale slide debrites, characterized by seismic facies similar to the slide debrite 1. Each of them is ca. 295‐m thick, covers an area of at least 7.04 × 103 km2 and involved 1.1 × 103 km3 of sediments. These five submarine slide debrites represent approximately one quarter of the total volume of sediments deposited during the time 2.7–1.5 Ma along the NW Barents Sea. The preconditioning factors for submarine sliding in this area probably included deposition at high sedimentation rate, some of which may have occurred in periods of low eustatic sea‐level. Intervals of weak contouritic sediments might also have contributed to the instability of part of the slope succession as these deposits are known from other parts of the Norwegian margin and elsewhere to have the potential to act as weak layers. Triggering was probably caused by seismicity associated with the nearby and active Knipovich spreading ridge and/or the old tectonic lineaments within the Spitsbergen Shear Zone. This seismicity is inferred to be the main influence of the large‐scale sliding in this area as this and previous studies have documented that sliding have occurred independently of climatic variations, i.e. both before and during the period of ice sheets repeatedly covering the continental shelf.
DNA methylation status as a biomarker of anti‐epidermal growth factor receptor treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Ouchi Kota , Takahashi Shin , Yamada Yasuhide , Tsuji Shingo , Tatsuno Kenji , Takahashi Hidekazu , Takahashi Naoki , Takahashi Masanobu , Shimodaira Hideki , Aburatani Hiroyuki , Ishioka Chikashi 
Published: October 2015

Anti‐epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) treatment is an effective option for metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment. However, there are few reliable biomarkers to predict the clinical response to anti‐EGFR treatment. We investigated the genome‐wide DNA methylation status in metastatic colorectal cancer to identify associations between the methylation status and clinical response to anti‐EGFR antibody. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 97 patients (45 patients for the first cohort and 52 patients for the second cohort) who received anti‐EGFR treatment for KRAS wild‐type metastatic CRC. Then we analyzed the associations between genome‐wide DNA methylation status and clinical response to anti‐EGFR treatment, and evaluated the predictive power and value of the methylation status statistically. As a result, each cohort was classified into highly methylated CRC and low methylated CRC subgroups by unsupervised clustering analyses. In the first cohort, clinical outcomes were significantly better in the low methylated CRC subgroup than in the highly methylated CRC subgroup (response rate, 35.7% vs 6.3%, P = 0.03; disease control rate, 75% vs 31.3%, P = 0.005; hazard ratio for progression‐free survival, 0.27; 95% confidence interval, 0.13–0.57, P < 0.001; overall survival, 0.19; 95% confidence interval, 0.06–0.54, P < 0.001). These results were reproducible in the second cohort. The genome‐wide methylation status was a predictive factor of progression‐free survival and overall survival independently of RAS mutation status. In conclusion, we found that the genome‐wide DNA methylation status is a powerful epigenetic predictor of anti‐EGFR treatment in patients with KRAS wild‐type metastatic colorectal cancer (UMIN000005490).
Putting Everything in Context
Authors: Lebois Lauren A. M. , Wilson‐Mendenhall Christine D. , Barsalou Lawrence W. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn response to Casasanto, Brookshire, and Ivry (2015), we address four points: First, we engaged in conceptual replications of Brookshire, Casasanto, and Ivry (2010), not direct replications. Second, we did not question the validity of Brookshire et al.'s (2010) results, nor the similar findings of other researchers, but instead explained divergent findings within an integrated theoretical framework. Third, challenges to the construct of automaticity, including ours, were widespread, long before Brookshire et al.'s (2010) article. Fourth, the planned comparisons that we reported tested our theoretical claims and offered strong evidence for them.
The Irish living kidney donor program – why potential donors do not proceed to live kidney donation?
Authors: Connaughton Dervla M. , Harmon Grainne , Cooney Anne , Williams Yvonne , O'Regan John , O'Neill Derek , Cunningham Phyllis , Counihan Aileen , O'Kelly Patrick , McHale Siobhan , Denton Mark , O'Seaghdha Conall M. , Magee Colm , Conlon Peter , Little Dilly , Keogan Mary , de Freitas Declan G. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundLiving donation is not only a method to increase access to kidney transplantation but can also offer superior outcomes. We report the experience of the living donor (LD) program in the Republic of Ireland and explore reasons why potential donors do not proceed to live donation.MethodsRetrospective cohort study of all potential donors from January 2000 to March 2014 who presented wishing to undergo donor work‐up and their subsequent outcomes.ResultsA total of 956 donors for 496 recipients contacted the live kidney donation program of which 883 potential donors proceeded to the initial stage of assessment. The donor dropout rate at this stage was 64.2% (614/956 potential donors did not proceed to further evaluation). Thereafter, 269 (28.1%) donors underwent further assessment by the multidisciplinary team. In total, 93 (9.7%) donors were declined following this assessment with 176 (18.4%) donors ultimately proceeding to live kidney donation. The major reason for declining a donor was a medical contraindication (n = 63, 67.7%). In term of recipients, 54.2% (n = 269/496) had a potential donor proceed for further assessment of which 65.4% (n = 176/269) ultimately proceeding to live donation.ConclusionFurther evaluation of the declined donor group is warranted to allow for expansion of the LD program.
Following the money: Mapping the sources and funding flows of alcohol and other drug treatment in Australia
Authors: Chalmers Jenny , Ritter Alison , Berends Lynda , Lancaster Kari 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIntroduction and AimsThe structures of health systems impact on patient outcomes. We present and analyse the first detailed mapping of who funds alcohol and other drug (AOD) treatment and the channels and intermediaries through which funding flows from the funding sources to treatment providers.Design and MethodsThe study involved a literature review of AOD treatment financing and existing diagrammatic representations of the structure of the Australian health system. We interviewed 190 key informants to particularise the AOD treatment sector, and undertook two case examples of government funded non‐government organisations providing AOD treatment.ResultsFunding sources include the Australian and state and territory governments, philanthropy, fund‐raising and clients themselves. While funding sources align with the health sector generally and the broader social services sector, the complexity of flows from source to treatment service and the number of intermediaries are noteworthy. So too are the many sources of funding drawn on by some treatment providers. Diversification is both beneficial and disadvantageous for non‐government treatment providers, adding to administrative workloads, but smoothing the risk of funding shortfalls. Government funders benefit from sharing risk.Discussion and ConclusionsCircuitous funding flows multiply the funding sources drawn on by services and put distance between the funding source and the service provider. This leads to concerns over lack of transparency about what is being purchased and challenges for the multiply funded service provider in maintaining programs and service models amid multiple and sometimes competing funding and accountability frameworks. [Chalmers J, Ritter A, Berends L, Lancaster K. Following the money: Mapping the sources and funding flows of alcohol and other drug treatment in Australia. Drug Alcohol Rev 2016;35:255–262]
The alcohol policy environment, enforcement and consumption in the United States
Authors: Erickson Darin J. , Lenk Kathleen M. , Toomey Traci L. , Nelson Toben F. , Jones‐Webb Rhonda 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIntroduction and AimsMany studies of alcohol policies examine the presence or absence of a single policy without considering policy strength or enforcement. We developed measures for the strength of 18 policies (from Alcohol Policy Information System) and levels of enforcement of those policies for the 50 US states, and examined their associations with alcohol consumption.Design and MethodsWe grouped policies into four domains (underage alcohol use, provision of alcohol to underage, alcohol serving, general availability) and used latent class analysis to assign states to one of four classes based on the configuration of policies—weak except serving policies (6 states), average (29 states), strong for underage use (11 states) and strong policies overall (4 states). We surveyed 1082 local enforcement agencies regarding alcohol enforcement across five domains. We used multilevel latent class analysis to assign states to classes in each domain and assigned each state to an overall low (15 states), moderate (19 states) or high (16 states) enforcement group. Consumption outcomes (past month, binge and heavy) came from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.ResultsRegression models show inverse associations between alcohol consumption and policy class, with past month alcohol consumption at 54% in the weakest policy class and 34% in the strongest. In adjusted models, the strong underage use policy class was consistently associated with lower consumption. Enforcement group did not affect the policy class and consumption associations.Discussion and ConclusionsResults suggest strong alcohol policies, particularly underage use policies, may help to reduce alcohol consumption and related consequences. [Erickson DJ, Lenk KM, Toomey TL, Nelson TF, Jones‐Webb R. The alcohol policy environment, enforcement, and consumption in the United States. Drug Alcohol Rev 2015;●●:●●–●●]
Testing spatial measures of alcohol outlet density with self‐rated health in the Australian context: Implications for policy and practice
Authors: Badland Hannah , Mavoa Suzanne , Livingston Michael , David Stephanie , Giles‐Corti Billie 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIntroduction and AimsReducing access to alcohol is an important and cost‐effective strategy for decreasing alcohol consumption and associated harm. Yet this is a less common approach to alcohol control in Australia. The aim of this research was to ascertain which alcohol outlet density spatial measures were related to long‐term health outcomes, and the extent to which this differs for those living in more or less disadvantaged neighbourhoods.Design and MethodsExisting Australian state‐level spatial alcohol policies were reviewed. No appropriate spatial policies were identified; therefore, the literature was used to identify potential alcohol‐related spatial measures. Spatial measures of alcohol outlet density were generated in a geographical information system and linked with health survey data drawn from 3141 adults living in metropolitan Melbourne. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine associations between alcohol outlet density measures, self‐rated health and area‐level disadvantage.ResultsTwelve spatial measures of alcohol outlet density were generated. Alcohol outlet density and self‐rated health associations varied by area‐level disadvantage. For those living in more disadvantaged areas, not having off‐licenses available within 800 m, or on‐licenses available within 400 m were protective of self‐rated health.Discussion and ConclusionsLocal alcohol outlet density may have a more detrimental effect on self‐rated health for those living in more disadvantaged neighbourhoods, compared with those living in more advantaged areas. There is a need for spatial alcohol policies to help reduce alcohol‐related harm. This research proposes a set of spatial measures to generate a more consistent understanding of alcohol availability in Australia. [Badland H, Mavoa S, Livingston M, David S, Giles‐Corti B. Testing spatial measures of alcohol outlet density with self‐rated health in the Australian context: Implications for policy and practice. Drug Alcohol Rev 2016;35:298–306]
Co‐ingestion of energy drinks with alcohol and other substances among a sample of people who regularly use ecstasy
Authors: Peacock Amy , Sindicich Natasha , Dunn Matthew , Whittaker Elizabeth , Sutherland Rachel , Entwistle Gavin , Burns Lucinda , Bruno Raimondo 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIntroduction and AimsDespite the potential harms of mixing unregulated drugs with energy drinks (ED), research to date has primarily been focused on EDs co‐ingested with alcohol. Consequently, the aim of the present study was to explore the rate of use, harms and correlates of EDs co‐ingested with alcohol and other drugs among a sample of people who regularly use illicit stimulant drugs.Design and MethodsIn 2010, 693 Australians who regularly used ecstasy completed a 1‐h interview about their past six‐month ED and drug use.ResultsThree‐quarters of the sample (77%) had recently consumed EDs with other substances, primarily alcohol (70%) and ecstasy (57%). People who consumed ED with alcohol versus those who had consumed ED with ecstasy and with alcohol (only 8% reported only consuming ED with ecstasy) had similar profiles in regards to demographics, drug use, mental health and drug‐related problems. Primary motives for consuming ED with alcohol included increased alertness (59%), the taste (25%), to party for longer (23%) and to combat fatigue (16%). One‐half (52%) and one‐quarter (27%) of participants who consumed EDs with alcohol and with ecstasy respectively had recently experienced adverse outcomes post‐consumption, primarily headaches (24% and 11%) and heart palpitations (21% and 14%).Discussion and ConclusionsCo‐ingestion of EDs with licit and illicit drugs is common among people who regularly use ecstasy and related drugs. Adverse outcomes of co‐ingestion suggest that targeted education regarding negative interactive drug effects is crucial for harm reduction. [Peacock A, Sindicich N, Dunn M, Whittaker E, Sutherland R, Entwistle G, Burns L, Bruno R. Co‐Ingestion of Energy Drinks with Alcohol and Other Substances among a Sample of People Who Regularly Use Ecstasy. Drug Alcohol Rev 2016;35:352–358]