bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sumoylation differentially regulates Sp1 to control cell differentiation
Authors: Gong Lili , Ji Wei-Ke , Hu Xiao-Hui , Hu Wen-Feng , Tang Xiang-Cheng , Huang Zhao-Xia , Li Ling , Liu Mugen , Xiang Shi-Hua , Wu Erxi , Woodward Zachary , Liu Yi-Zhi , Nguyen Quan Dong , Li David Wan-Cheng 
Published: March 2014

Significance
The mammalian small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMOs) are actively involved in regulating differentiation of different cell types. However, the exact functions of SUMO1 and SUMO2/3 have not been defined. Here, we demonstrate for the first time, to our knowledge, that SUMO1 promotes cell differentiation whereas SUMO2/3 inhibits cell differentiation. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that specificity protein 1 is the major target activated by SUMO1 conjugation but is repressed by SUMO2/3-mediated sumoylation via our newly identified K683 residue, as well as the known K16 site.
Dynamic gene expression by putative hair-cell progenitors during regeneration in the zebrafish lateral line
Authors: Steiner Aaron B. , Kim Taeryn , Cabot Victoria , Hudspeth A. J. 
Published: March 2014

Significance
Hearing impairment is most frequently caused by the loss of sensory hair cells in the cochlea. One potential means of alleviating hearing loss is to restore these cells, which do not naturally regenerate in mammals. The zebrafish lateral line serves as a useful model for studying hair-cell regeneration because in this system there exist progenitors, mantle cells, from which hair-cell precursors originate. We have produced zebrafish with fluorescently labeled mantle cells, isolated those cells by flow cytometry, and analyzed the transcripts that they express. We have also defined the temporal window during which mantle cells respond to hair-cell death. This approach has identified genes representing unexpected signaling pathways that may contribute to the development of treatments for hearing loss.
Pivotal role of RNA-binding E3 ubiquitin ligase MEX3C in RIG-I–mediated antiviral innate immunity
Authors: Kuniyoshi Kanako , Takeuchi Osamu , Pandey Surya , Satoh Takashi , Iwasaki Hidenori , Akira Shizuo , Kawai Taro 
Published: March 2014

Significance
Upon virus infection, host cells detect viral nucleic acids and induce antiviral innate immune responses by producing cytokines. The retinoic acid inducible gene-1 (RIG-I)-like receptors are cytoplasmic sensors for RNA viruses that mediate antiviral innate immunity. In this study, we identify K homology (KH) domain- and really interesting new gene (RING)-finger domain-containing MEX3C as a molecule that regulates RIG-I function. MEX3C preferentially colocalizes with viral RNA and RIG-I in cytoplasmic granules in infected cells and mediates K63-linked ubiquitination of RIG-I, which is important for activation of downstream signaling. We show that MEX3C is required for cytokine production after infection with RNA viruses that are detected by RIG-I by generating MEXC-deficient mice. Our study demonstrates a critical role of MEX3C in induction of RIGI-mediated antiviral innate immune responses.
Implicit beliefs of ability, approach‐avoidance goals and cognitive anxiety among team sport athletes
Authors: Stenling Andreas , Hassmén Peter , Holmström Stefan 
Published: March 2014

AbstractPeople's implicit beliefs of ability have been suggested as an antecedent of achievement goal adoption, which has in turn been associated with behavioural, cognitive and affective outcomes. This study examined a conditional process model with team sport athletes' approach‐avoidance achievement goals as mediators between their implicit beliefs of sport ability and sport‐related cognitive anxiety. We expected gender to moderate the paths from implicit beliefs of ability to approach‐avoidance goals and from approach‐avoidance goals to cognitive anxiety. Team sport athletes with a mean age of 20 years (163 females and 152 males) responded to questionnaires about their implicit beliefs of sport ability, approach‐avoidance goals and sport‐related cognitive anxiety. Incremental beliefs, gender and the interaction between them predicted mastery‐approach goals. Gender also predicted mastery‐avoidance goals, with females reporting higher levels than males. Mastery‐avoidance goals, gender and the interaction between them predicted cognitive anxiety, with females reporting higher levels of anxiety than males. Entity beliefs positively predicted performance‐avoidance goals and the interaction between performance‐approach and gender predicted anxiety. The indirect effects also showed gender differences in relation to performance‐approach goals. Taken together, our results suggest that coaches trying to create a facilitating climate for their male and female athletes may be wise to consider their athletes' anxiety and achievement goal patterns as these may affect both the athletes' well‐being and performance.
Dense plasma dispersion of fast radio bursts
Authors: Tuntsov Artem V. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Stellar coronae have been invoked to explain the apparently extragalactic dispersion measures observed in fast radio bursts. This paper demonstrates that the suggested plasma densities would lead to deviations from the standard dispersion curve that are inconsistent with the data. The problem is then turned around and higher order dispersion terms are connected to the moments of the density distribution along the line of sight. The deviations quantified in three observed bursts are analysed and a lower limit on the maximum electron density is obtained in one case, although with considerable uncertainty. Selection effects are then discussed and shown to be non-restrictive in relation to plasma density, except at the lowest frequencies and highest temperatures.
Study of the Chemical Changes and Evolution of Microbiota During Sourdoughlike Fermentation of Wheat Bran
Authors: Manini Federica , Brasca Milena , Plumed‐Ferrer Carme , Morandi Stefano , Erba Daniela , Casiraghi Maria Cristina 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTSeveral studies have emphasized the possibility of enhancing nutritional properties of cereal by‐products through biotechnological processes. Bran fermentation positively affects the bioavailability of several functional compounds. Moreover, bran fermentation could increase water‐extractable arabinoxylans (WEAX), compounds with positive effects on glucose metabolism and prebiotic properties. This study was aimed at increasing the amount of bran bioactive compounds through a sourdoughlike fermentation process. Wheat bran fermentations were conducted through continuous propagation by back‐slopping of fermented bran (10% inoculum) until a stable microbiota was established, reaching high counts of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts (109 and 107 CFU/g, respectively). At each refreshment step, bacterial strains were isolated, clustered, molecularly analyzed by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA, and identified at the species level by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus curvatus, Lactobacillus sakei, Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus pentosaceus, and Pichia fermentans dominated the stable sourdough ecosystem. After fermentation, levels of soluble fiber increased (+30%), and WEAX and free ferulic acid were respectively fourfold and tenfold higher than in raw bran, results probably related to microbial xylan‐degrading activity, whereas phytic acid was completely degraded. These preliminary data suggest that fermented bran could be considered an interesting functional ingredient for nutritional enhancement.
First Report of Fusarium Wilt in Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) Caused by Fusarium oxysporum in China
Authors: Liu Y. H. , Lin T. , Ye C. S. , Zhang C. Q. 
Published: March 2014

Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) production is developing quickly in China with about 20,000 ha presently cultivated. In 2010 in Lin'an, Zhejiang Province, plants developed an apparently new disease of blueberry (cv. Duke) with symptoms consisting of wilting of foliage, stunting of plants, and reduced fruit yields. Internal vascular and cortical tissues of plant crowns showed a brown to orange discoloration. Approximately 3% of the plants in the commercial plantings were affected and eventually died after 50 to 60 days. Infected plant samples (stems and roots) collected from different fields were surface sterilized with 1.5% sodium hypochlorite for 2 min, rinsed in water, plated on 2% potato dextrose agar (PDA), and incubated at 25°C in the dark for 1 week. Single conidium cultures were consistently isolated and cultured on acidified PDA (APDA) for morphological characterization (1,2). Colonies were light with purple mycelia, and beige or orange reverse colony colors developed after 7 days incubation at 25°C. Colonies producing abundant microconidia and macroconidia. Microconidia were hyaline and oval-ellipsoid to cylindrical (3.9 to 9.6 × 1.1 to 3.4 μm). Macroconidia were 3 to 5 septate and fusoid-subulate with a pedicellate base (28.6 to 37.5 × 3.3 to 4.2 μm). Morphology and development of macroconidia and microconida were consistent with a description of Fusarium oxysporum Schltdl (1,2). The ribosomal internal transcribed spacers ITS1 and ITS2 of eight isolates were amplified using primers ITS1/ITS4 on DNA extracted from mycelium and nucleotide sequences showed 100% similarity to that of F. oxysporum. To confirm pathogenicity, 20 blueberry plants (cv. Duke) were inoculated by dipping the roots into a conidial suspension (107 conidia per ml) for 30 min. The inoculated plants were transplanted into pots containing sterilized peat and maintained at 25°C and 100% relative humidity in a growth chamber with a daily 12-h photoperiod of fluorescent light. The pathogenicity test was conducted twice. Within 40 days, all inoculated plants developed wilt symptoms similar to that observed in the field. No symptoms were observed on plants dipped into distilled water. The fungus was successfully re-isolated from crowns and roots cultured on APDA, exhibiting morphological characteristics identical to F. oxysporum (1,2), confirming Koch's postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of blueberry wilt caused by Fusarium. References: (1) P. M. Kirk et al. The Dictionary of the Fungi, 10th edition, page 159. CABI Bioscience, Wallingford, UK, 2008. (2) W. C. Snyder and H. N. Hansen. Am. J. Bot. 27:64, 1940.
Epidural Catheter Design
Authors: Toledano Roulhac D. , Tsen Lawrence C. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Epidural catheters have evolved during the past several decades, as clinicians and manufacturers have sought to influence the quality of analgesia and anesthesia and reduce the incidence of catheter-related complications. This evolution has allowed a transformation from single-shot to continuous-infusion techniques and resulted in easier passage into the epidural space, more extensive medication distribution, and ultimately, improved patient satisfaction. Particular catheter features, including the materials used, tip design, and orifice number and arrangement, have been associated with specific outcomes and provide direction for future development.
Non-Cell-Autonomous Regulation of Root Hair Patterning Genes byWRKY75in Arabidopsis
Authors: Rishmawi Louai , Pesch Martina , Juengst Christian , Schauss Astrid C. , Schrader Andrea , Hülskamp Martin 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), root hairs are formed in cell files over the cleft of underlying cortex cells. This pattern is established by a well-known gene regulatory network of transcription factors. In this study, we show that WRKY75 suppresses root hair development in nonroot hair files and that it represses the expression of TRIPTYCHON and CAPRICE. The WRKY75 protein binds to the CAPRICE promoter in a yeast one-hybrid assay. Binding to the promoter fragment requires an intact WRKY protein-binding motif, the W box. A comparison of the spatial expression of WRKY75 and the localization of the WRKY75 protein revealed that WRKY75 is expressed in the pericycle and vascular tissue and that the WRKY75 RNA or protein moves into the epidermis.
Plastid Osmotic Stress Activates Cellular Stress Responses in Arabidopsis
Authors: Wilson Margaret E. , Basu Meera R. , Bhaskara Govinal Badiger , Verslues Paul E. , Haswell Elizabeth S. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Little is known about cytoplasmic osmoregulatory mechanisms in plants, and even less is understood about how the osmotic properties of the cytoplasm and organelles are coordinately regulated. We have previously shown that Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants lacking functional versions of the plastid-localized mechanosensitive ion channels Mechanosensitive Channel of Small Conductance-Like2 (MSL2) and MSL3 contain leaf epidermal plastids under hypoosmotic stress, even during normal growth and development. Here, we use the msl2 msl3 mutant as a model to investigate the cellular response to constitutive plastid osmotic stress. Under unstressed conditions, msl2 msl3 seedlings exhibited several hallmarks of drought or environmental osmotic stress, including solute accumulation, elevated levels of the compatible osmolyte proline (Pro), and accumulation of the stress hormone abscisic acid (ABA). Furthermore, msl2 msl3 mutants expressed Pro and ABA metabolism genes in a pattern normally seen under drought or osmotic stress. Pro accumulation in the msl2 msl3 mutant was suppressed by conditions that reduce plastid osmotic stress or inhibition of ABA biosynthesis. Finally, treatment of unstressed msl2 msl3 plants with exogenous ABA elicited a much greater Pro accumulation response than in the wild type, similar to that observed in plants under drought or osmotic stress. These results suggest that osmotic imbalance across the plastid envelope can elicit a response similar to that elicited by osmotic imbalance across the plasma membrane and provide evidence for the integration of the osmotic state of an organelle into that of the cell in which it resides.
Evolutionary Convergence of Cell-Specific Gene Expression in Independent Lineages of C4 Grasses
Authors: John Christopher R. , Smith-Unna Richard D. , Woodfield Helen , Covshoff Sarah , Hibberd Julian M. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractLeaves of almost all C4 lineages separate the reactions of photosynthesis into the mesophyll (M) and bundle sheath (BS). The extent to which messenger RNA profiles of M and BS cells from independent C4 lineages resemble each other is not known. To address this, we conducted deep sequencing of RNA isolated from the M and BS of Setaria viridis and compared these data with publicly available information from maize (Zea mays). This revealed a high correlation (r = 0.89) between the relative abundance of transcripts encoding proteins of the core C4 pathway in M and BS cells in these species, indicating significant convergence in transcript accumulation in these evolutionarily independent C4 lineages. We also found that the vast majority of genes encoding proteins of the C4 cycle in S. viridis are syntenic to homologs used by maize. In both lineages, 122 and 212 homologous transcription factors were preferentially expressed in the M and BS, respectively. Sixteen shared regulators of chloroplast biogenesis were identified, 14 of which were syntenic homologs in maize and S. viridis. In sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), a third C4 grass, we found that 82% of these trans-factors were also differentially expressed in either M or BS cells. Taken together, these data provide, to our knowledge, the first quantification of convergence in transcript abundance in the M and BS cells from independent lineages of C4 grasses. Furthermore, the repeated recruitment of syntenic homologs from large gene families strongly implies that parallel evolution of both structural genes and trans-factors underpins the polyphyletic evolution of this highly complex trait in the monocotyledons.
An examination of the relation between market structure and the profitability of audit engagements
Authors: Ciconte Will , Knechel Walter Robert , Schelleman Caren 
Published: March 2014

AbstractDue to increasing supplier concentration, there is growing concern regarding the lack of competition in the audit market. Theory based on Cournot oligopoly predicts that increasing concentration will facilitate monopolistic behaviour. Conversely, if the market for audit services has more in common with a Bertrand oligopoly, concentration may not lead to higher fees. We evaluate whether increased audit supplier concentration leads to economic rents by investigating audit profitability. Using proprietary data from a (then) Big 6 audit firm, we find that local market structure has a significant and positive association with audit profitability, but not auditor effort for large clients.
Preparing for tomorrow: Molecular diagnostics and the changing nonsmall cell lung cancer landscape
Authors: Boyer Michael , Tsao Ming‐Sound , Jänne Pasi , Ramalingam Suresh , Pitman Lowenthal Susan , Alam Mahmood 
Published: March 2014

AbstractOver the last 10 to 15 years, the landscape of lung cancer has changed dramatically. Where cancers were previously described rather simplistically according to histological subtype, now molecular understanding of tumors has particularly resulted in segmentation of nonsmall cell lung cancer into many different subtypes. A multidisciplinary approach integrating a molecular testing algorithm that ideally includes reflex testing at diagnosis is recommended. This offers clinicians the opportunity to target treatment according to subtype. Identifying patients with rearrangements, such as those associated with the echinoderm microtubule‐associated protein‐like 4 (EML‐4) anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion gene (the major focus of this paper) has allowed clinicians to tailor therapy to target these mutations. The challenge that faces clinicians treating lung cancer is how best to implement the science that sits behind these targeted therapies in clinical practice through the identification of appropriate patients. Precision medicine can lead to the choice of the right medicine for the right patients and is proving to be a better approach than treating unselected patients with systemic chemotherapy.
From autophagy to senescence and apoptosis in Angiotensin II‐treated vascular endothelial cells
Authors: Shan Haiyan , Guo Dawei , Li Xuelian , Zhao Xin , Li Wan , Bai Xiaojuan 
Published: March 2014

The aim of this study was to explore if cell autophagy is activated by AngII before aging using human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). The ultrastructural analysis of HUVECs was performed to observe autophagosomes. The LC3‐II/LC3‐I ratio was determined by western blot assay. The β‐gal staining was used to identify cell senescence. The flow cytometry was performed to evaluate cell apoptosis. The BH3 domain analog ABT737 or Beclin‐1 knockdown by specific shRNA or valsartan was applied to investigate their effects on cell autophagy, senescence, and apoptosis induced by Ang II. Cell autophagy was initiated after Ang II treatment at 24 h. And cell senescence and apoptosis were observed in Ang II‐treated cells at 48 h. The significant interaction of Beclin‐1 and Bcl‐2 was detected at 48 h after Ang II treatment. Beclin‐1 was indispensable to Ang II‐induced autophagy, and its BH3 domain was required for the interaction with Bcl‐2 to attenuate autophagy. Pretreated with valsartan, cells were present with less autophagic, senescent, and apoptotic cells after Ang II stimulation. In conclusion, Ang II induced autophagy, senescence, and apoptosis of HUVECs progressively, and autophagy presented an early protective effect on vascular endothelial damage due to Ang II.
Forkhead transcription factor FOXO1 inhibits nuclear factor‐κB in gastric cancer
Authors: Yu Da‐Ae , Yoon Jiyeon , Ko Young San , Park Jinju , Kim Sue Youn , Kim Min A , Kim Ji Hun , Jung Jieun , Cheon Younghee , Lee Hye Seung , Kim Woo Ho , Lee Byung Lan 
Published: March 2014

FOXO1, a forkhead box O (FOXO) transcription factor, and nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) are prognostically significant transcription factors in gastric cancer. As their relationship has been inconsistent depending on the cell type, we aimed to investigate whether FOXO1 is associated with NF‐κB p65 (RelA) in gastric cancer. Immunohistochemistry was performed on tissue array slides containing 298 gastric carcinoma specimens. We found that the cytoplasmic expression of pFOXO1, the inactive form of FOXO1, was positively correlated with nuclear RelA expression (p = 0.024). In addition, the expressions of pFOXO1 and RelA were positively related with cyclin D1 expression (p = 0.014 and p = 0.001, respectively) and Ki‐67 labeling index (p = 0.025 and p = 0.017, respectively). However, they did not show association with the expressions of cyclin E, p53 and pRb. Cell culture experiments showed that FOXO1 overexpression by transfection of FOXO1 AAA mutant gene suppressed NF‐κB activation in SNU‐484 gastric cancer cells. These results suggest that FOXO1 and NF‐κB are negatively associated and that FOXO1 is a negative upstream regulator of NF‐κB in gastric cancer.
The role of mitochondria in mTOR‐regulated longevity
Authors: Wei Yuehua , Zhang Yan‐Jie , Cai Ying , Xu Mang‐Hua 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTSeveral unbiased genome‐wide RNA interference (RNAi) screens have pointed to mitochondrial metabolism as the major factor for lifespan regulation. However, conflicting data remain to be clarified concerning the mitochondrial free radical theory of aging (MFRTA). Recently, mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) has been proposed to be the central regulator of aging although how mTOR modulates lifespan is poorly understood. Interestingly, mTOR has been shown to regulate many aspects of mitochondrial function, such as mitochondrial biogenesis, apoptosis, mitophagy and mitochondrial hormesis (mitohormesis) including the retrograde response and mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mito‐UPR). Here we discuss the data linking mitochondrial metabolism to mTOR regulation of lifespan, suggesting that hormetic effects may be key to explaining some controversial results regarding the MFRTA. We also discuss the possibility that dysfunction of mitochondrial adaptive responses rather than free radicals per se contributes to the aging process.