bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of UV Processing Treatments on Soy Oil Conjugated Linoleic Acid Yields and Tocopherols Stability
Authors: Yettella Ramesh R. , Henbest Brooke , Proctor Andrew 
Published: March 2013

AbstractPhotoirradiation has been used to synthesize 20 % conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in soy oil with an iodine catalyst. CLA yields are affected by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation time, Magnesol® adsorbent treatment, iodine concentration and mixed tocopherols. However, these factors in combination had not been studied. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine the effect of (1) a combination of photoirradiation time, Magnesol® adsorbent treatment and added mixed soy tocopherols on CLA yields and the oxidative stability of CLA‐rich soy oil, (2) UV light on mixed tocopherol stability, as tocopherols enhance CLA yields during photoirradiation. Soy oil was initially treated with 5 % Magnesol®. Iodine at 0 and 0.35 % was mixed with Magnesol®‐treated soy oil and irradiated for 12 and 6 h. The irradiated oil was again treated with Magnesol®, mixed with 0, 0.35 or 0.175 % iodine; 1400 MT and irradiated for 12 or 6 more hours. CLA content in soy oil was determined by conventional gas chromatography‐flame ionization detector. The oxidative stability of the oil was determined by measuring peroxide value (PV). The tocopherols stability was determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that increasing photoirradiation time increased CLA yields and lowered PV. Magnesol® adsorption produced highest CLA yield for all treatments by removing peroxides in RBD soy oil. The γ‐tocopherols exhibited highest stability during UV irradiation. The order of tocopherol degradation was α‐tocopherol > δ‐tocopherol > γ‐tocopherols.
Maternal exercise during pregnancy ameliorates the postnatal neuronal impairments induced by prenatal restraint stress in mice
Authors: Bustamante Carlos , Henríquez Ricardo , Medina Felipe , Reinoso Carmen , Vargas Ronald , Pascual Rodrigo 
Published: March 2013

AbstractClinical and preclinical studies have demonstrated that prenatal stress (PS) induces neuronal and behavioral disturbances in the offspring. In the present study, we determined whether maternal voluntary wheel running (VWR) during pregnancy could reverse the putative deleterious effects of PS on the neurodevelopment and behavior of the offspring. Pregnant CF‐1 mice were randomly assigned to control, restraint stressed or restraint stressed + VWR groups. Dams of the stressed group were subjected to restraint stress between gestational days 14 and delivery, while control pregnant dams remained undisturbed in their home cages. Dams of the restraint stressed + VWR group were subjected to exercise between gestational days 1 and 17. On postnatal day 23 (P23), male pups were assigned to one of the following experimental groups: mice born from control dams, stressed dams or stressed + VWR dams. Locomotor behavior and pyramidal neuronal morphology were evaluated at P23. Animals were then sacrificed, and Golgi‐impregnated pyramidal neurons of the parietal cortex were morphometrically analyzed. Here, we present two major findings: first, PS produced significantly diminished dendritic growth of parietal neurons without altered locomotor behavior of the offspring; and second, maternal VWR significantly offset morphological impairments.
The trailing vorticity field behind a line source in two-dimensional incompressible linear shear flow
Authors: Rienstra Sjoerd W. , Darau Mirela , Brambley Edward J. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe explicit exact analytic solution for harmonic perturbations from a line mass source in an incompressible inviscid two-dimensional linear shear is derived using a Fourier transform method. The two cases of an infinite shear flow and a semi-infinite shear flow over an impedance boundary are considered. For the free-field and hard-wall configurations, the pressure field is (in general) logarithmically diverging and its Fourier representation involves a diverging integral that is interpreted as an integral of generalized functions; this divergent behaviour is not present for a finite impedance boundary or if the frequency equals the mean flow shear rate. The dominant feature of the solution is the hydrodynamic wake caused by the shed vorticity of the source. For linear shear over an impedance boundary, in addition to the wake, (at most) two surface modes along the wall are excited. The implications for duct acoustics with flow over an impedance wall are discussed.
Electrolyte-free milk protein solution influences sodium and fluid retention in rats
Authors: Ishihara Kengo , Kato Yoshiho , Usami Ayako , Yamada Mari , Yamamura Asuka , Fushiki Tohru , Seyama Yousuke 
Published: March 2013

AbstractMilk is an effective post-exercise rehydration drink that maintains the net positive fluid balance. However, it is unclear which components are responsible for this effect. We assessed the effect of milk protein solution (MPS) obtained by dialysis on body fluid retention. Milk, MPS, milk electrolyte solution (MES), sports drink and water were administered to male Wistar rats at a dose of 6 ml/rat after treadmill exercise. Total body fluid retention was assessed by urine volume 4 h after administration of hydrating liquids. The rate of gastric emptying was evaluated by a tracer method using 13C-labelled acetate. Plasma osmolality, Na and K levels, and urinary Na and K were measured by HPLC and osmometry, respectively. The gastric emptying rate was not delayed by MPS. During 4 h of rehydration, cumulative urine volumes differed significantly between treatment groups (P < 0·05) with 4·9, 2·2 and 3·4 ml from water-, milk- and MPS-fed rats, respectively. Thus, MPS elicited 50 % of the total body fluid retention of milk. Plasma aldosterone levels were significantly higher in MPS- and milk-fed rats compared with water-fed rats. Plasma osmolality was maintained at higher levels in MPS-fed rats than in water- and MES-fed rats (P < 0·05). Cumulative urine Na excretion was also suppressed in the milk- and MPS-fed groups compared with the MES-fed group. Our results demonstrate that MPS obtained by dialysis clearly affects net body water balance without affecting gastric emptying after exercise. This effect was attributed to retention of Na and water, and maintenance of plasma osmolality.
Maternal long-chain PUFA supplementation during protein deficiency improves brain fatty acid accretion in rat pups by altering the milk fatty acid composition of the dam
Authors: Ranade Prachi S. , Rao Shobha S. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractLong-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) are important for fetal and neonatal brain development. However, their accretion in the brain is compromised during maternal protein restriction. Hence, we investigated the effect of maternal supplementation withn-3 DHA plusn-6 arachidonic acid (ARA) at a low protein level (9 %) on offspring brain fatty acid accretion using Wistar rats (nine rats per group) randomly fed a control (C), a low-protein (LP) or a low-protein DHA + ARA-supplemented (LPS) diet during gestation and lactation. At birth, pups from the LPS group had the highest brain DHA andn-3 fatty acid levels (P = 0·001), whereas pups from the LP group had the highest MUFA (P = 0·05) but the lowest DHA and totaln-3 PUFA levels (P = 0·000). During lactation, pups from the LPS group accrued significantly more α-linolenic acid (P = 0·003), EPA (P = 0·02) and DHA (P = 0·000) in brain lipids than pups from the LP group, whereas brain lipids of pups from the LP group had markedly increased levels of then-3 deficiency marker docosapentaenoic acid andn-6:n-3 ratio (P = 0·000). Owing to supplementation, milk from LPS dams had the highest DHA and ARA, but lower SCFA and medium-chain fatty acids as compared with milk from C and LP dams during early lactation, but normalised by mid-lactation. To conclude, adverse effects of restricted maternal protein intake on LC-PUFA accretion in the brain of offspring were ameliorated by alterations in maternal milk fatty acid profile due to supplementation. Results underscore the importance of LC-PUFA for protein-deficient mothers during gestation as well as lactation to achieve the optimum brain LC-PUFA status of progeny.
Gluten intake in 6–36-month-old Danish infants and children based on a national survey
Authors: Hoppe Camilla , Trolle Ellen , Gondolf Ulla H. , Husby Steffen 
Published: March 2013

AbstractCoeliac disease (CD) affects about 1 % of the general population. Information concerning gluten intake in the general population is scarce. In particular, variation in gluten intake during the complementary feeding period may be an independent risk factor in CD pathogenesis. We determined the intake of gluten from wheat, barley, rye and oats in a cross-sectional National Danish Survey of Dietary Habits among Infants and Young Children (2006–2007). The study population comprised a random sample of 1743 children aged 6–36 months, recruited from the National Danish Civil Registry. The protein contents from wheat, rye, barley and oats were found in the National Danish Food Composition Table, and multiplied with the amounts in the recipes. The amounts of gluten were calculated as the amount of cereal protein × 0·80 for wheat and oats, ×0·65 for rye and ×0·50 for barley. Dietary intake was recorded daily for seven consecutive days in pre-coded food records supplemented with open-answer possibilities. Gluten intake increased with age (P < 0·0001). Oats were introduced first, rapidly outpaced by wheat, the intake of which continued to increase with age, whereas oats started to decrease at 12 months. Boys had a higher intake of energy (P ≤ 0·0001) and all types of gluten, except for barley (P ≤ 0·87). In 8–10-month-old (P < 0·0001) and 10–12-month-old (P = 0·007), but not in 6–8-month-old infants (P = 0·331), non-breast-fed infants had higher total gluten intake than partially breast-fed infants. In conclusion, this study presents representative population-based data on gluten intake in Danish infants and young children.
Identification of biomarkers for intake of protein from meat, dairy products and grains: a controlled dietary intervention study
Authors: Altorf-van der Kuil Wieke , Brink Elizabeth J. , Boetje Martine , Siebelink Els , Bijlsma Sabina , Engberink Marielle F. , Veer Pieter van 't , Tomé Daniel , Bakker Stephan J. L. , van Baak Marleen A. , Geleijnse Johanna M. 
Published: March 2013

In the present controlled, randomised, multiple cross-over dietary intervention study, we aimed to identify potential biomarkers for dietary protein from dairy products, meat and grain, which could be useful to estimate intake of these protein types in epidemiological studies. After 9 d run-in, thirty men and seventeen women (22 (sd4) years) received three high-protein diets (aimed at approximately 18 % of energy (en%)) in random order for 1 week each, with approximately 14 en% originating from either meat, dairy products or grain. We used a two-step approach to identify biomarkers in urine and plasma. With principal component discriminant analysis, we identified amino acids (AA) from the plasma or urinary AA profile that were distinctive between diets. Subsequently, after pooling total study data, we applied mixed models to estimate the predictive value of those AA for intake of protein types. A very good prediction could be made for the intake of meat protein by a regression model that included urinary carnosine, 1-methylhistidine and 3-methylhistidine (98 % of variation in intake explained). Furthermore, for dietary grain protein, a model that included seven AA (plasma lysine, valine, threonine, α-aminobutyric acid, proline, ornithine and arginine) made a good prediction (75 % of variation explained). We could not identify biomarkers for dairy protein intake. In conclusion, specific combinations of urinary and plasma AA may be potentially useful biomarkers for meat and grain protein intake, respectively. These findings need to be cross-validated in other dietary intervention studies.
Isotopic discrimination of stable isotopes of nitrogen (δ15N) and carbon (δ13C) in a host-specific holocephalan tapeworm
Authors: Navarro J. , Albo-Puigserver M. , Coll M. , Saez R. , Forero M.G. , Kutcha R. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractDuring the past decade, parasites have been considered important components of their ecosystems since they can modify food-web structures and functioning. One constraint to the inclusion of parasites in food-web models is the scarcity of available information on their feeding habits and host–parasite relationships. The stable isotope approach is suggested as a useful methodology to determine the trophic position and feeding habits of parasites. However, the isotopic approach is limited by the lack of information on the isotopic discrimination (ID) values of parasites, which is pivotal to avoiding the biased interpretation of isotopic results. In the present study we aimed to provide the first ID values of δ15N and δ13C between the gyrocotylidean tapeworm Gyrocotyle urna and its definitive host, the holocephalan Chimaera monstrosa. We also test the effect of host body size (body length and body mass) and sex of the host on the ID values. Finally, we illustrate how the trophic relationships of the fish host C. monstrosa and the tapeworm G. urna could vary relative to ID values. Similar to other studies with parasites, the ID values of the parasite–host system were negative for both isotopic values of N (Δδ15N = − 3.33 ± 0.63‰) and C (Δδ13C = − 1.32 ± 0.65‰), independent of the sex and size of the host. By comparing the specific ID obtained here with ID from other studies, we illustrate the importance of using specific ID in parasite–host systems to avoid potential errors in the interpretation of the results when surrogate values from similar systems or organisms are used.
A telephone-supported cardiovascular lifestyle programme (CLIP) for lipid reduction and weight loss in general practice patients: a randomised controlled pilot trial
Authors: Stuart Keren Louise , Wyld Belinda , Bastiaans Kathryn , Stocks Nigel , Brinkworth Grant , Mohr Phil , Noakes Manny 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate a primary prevention care model using telephone support delivered through an existing health call centre to general practitioner-referred patients at risk of developing CVD, using objective measures of CVD risk reduction and weight loss.DesignParticipants were randomised into two groups: (i) those receiving a telephone-supported comprehensive lifestyle intervention programme (CLIP: written structured diet and exercise advice, plus seven telephone sessions with the Heart Foundation Health Information Service); and (ii) those receiving usual care from their general practitioner (control: written general lifestyle advice). Fasting plasma lipids, blood pressure, weight, waist circumference and height were assessed on general practice premises by a practice nurse at Weeks 0 and 12.SettingTwo general practices in Adelaide, South Australia.SubjectsForty-nine men and women aged 48·0 (sd5·88) years identified by their general practitioner as being at future risk of CVD (BMI = 33·13 (sd5·39) kg/m2; LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) = 2·66 (sd0·92) mmol/l).ResultsCLIP participants demonstrated significantly greater reductions in LDL-C (estimated mean (EM)= 1·98 (se0·17) mmol/l) and total cholesterol (EM = 3·61 (se0·21) mmol/l) at Week 12 when compared with the control group (EM = 3·23 (se0·18) mmol/l and EM = 4·77 (se0·22) mmol/l, respectively). There were no significant treatment effects for systolic blood pressure (F(1,45) = 0·28,P= 0·60), diastolic blood pressure (F(1,43) = 0·52,P= 0·47), weight (F(1,42) = 3·63,P= 0·063) or waist circumference (F(1,43) = 0·32,P= 0·577).ConclusionsIn general practice patients, delivering CLIP through an existing telephone health service is effective in achieving reductions in LDL-C and total cholesterol. While CLIP may have potential for wider implementation to support primary prevention of CVD, longer-term cost-effectiveness data are warranted.
Use of dietary supplements in pregnant women in relation to sociodemographic factors – a report from The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study
Authors: Aronsson Carin Andrén , Vehik Kendra , Yang Jimin , Uusitalo Ulla , Hay Kristen , Joslowski Gesa , Riikonen Anne , Ballard Lori , Virtanen Suvi M , Norris Jill M 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to examine the prevalence and associated factors of dietary supplement use, particularly supplements containing vitamin D and fatty acids, in pregnant women enrolled in a multi-national study.DesignThe Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study is a prospective longitudinal cohort study. Maternal dietary supplement use was self-reported through questionnaires at month 3 to 4 postpartum.SettingSix clinical research centres; three in the USA (Colorado, Georgia/Florida and Washington) and three in Europe (Sweden, Finland and Germany).SubjectsMothers (n 7326) to infants screened for high-risk HLA-DQ genotypes of type 1 diabetes.ResultsNinety-two per cent of the 7326 women used one or more types of supplement during pregnancy. Vitamin D supplements were taken by 65 % of the women, with the highest proportion of users in the USA (80·5 %). Overall, 16 % of the women reported taking fatty acid supplements and a growing trend was seen in all countries between 2004 and 2010 (P < 0·0001). The use was more common in Germany (32 %) and the USA (24 %) compared with Finland (8·5 %) and Sweden (7·0 %). Being pregnant with the first child was a strong predictor for any supplement use in all countries. Low maternal age (<25 years), higher education, BMI ≥ 25·0 kg/m2 and smoking during pregnancy were factors associated with supplement use in some but not all countries.ConclusionsThe majority of the women used dietary supplements during pregnancy. The use was associated with sociodemographic and behavioural factors, such as parity, maternal age, education, BMI and maternal smoking.
Nonscanning Three-Dimensional Optical Microscope Based on the Reflectivity-Height Transformation for Biological Measurements
Authors: Chiu Ming-Hung , Tan Chen-Tai , Lee Tsuan-Shih , Lee Jain-Cheng 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe propose a nonscanning three-dimensional (3D) optical microscope based on reflectivity-height transformation in applications of biological and transparent plate measurements. The reflectivity of a prism can be transformed to the surface height of the specimen based on geometrical optics and the principle of internal reflection. Thus, the pattern of reflectivity is representative of the surface profile. Using charge-coupled device cameras to obtain the two-dimensional image patterns and combining with its reflectivity pattern, the 3D profile can be generated. The lateral resolution is determined by the diffraction limit, and the vertical resolution is better than several nanometers according to the incident angle and polarization used.
A (S)TEM Gas Cell Holder with Localized Laser Heating forIn SituExperiments
Authors: Mehraeen Shareghe , McKeown Joseph T. , Deshmukh Pushkarraj V. , Evans James E. , Abellan Patricia , Xu Pinghong , Reed Bryan W. , Taheri Mitra L. , Fischione Paul E. , Browning Nigel D. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe advent of aberration correction for transmission electron microscopy has transformed atomic resolution imaging into a nearly routine technique for structural analysis. Now an emerging frontier in electron microscopy is the development ofin situcapabilities to observe reactions at atomic resolution in real time and within realistic environments. Here we present a newin situgas cell holder that is designed for compatibility with a wide variety of sample type (i.e., dimpled 3-mm discs, standard mesh grids, various types of focused ion beam lamellae attached to half grids). Its capabilities include localized heating and precise control of the gas pressure and composition while simultaneously allowing atomic resolution imaging at ambient pressure. The results show that 0.25-nm lattice fringes are directly visible for nanoparticles imaged at ambient pressure with gas path lengths up to 20 μm. Additionally, we quantitatively demonstrate that while the attainable contrast and resolution decrease with increasing pressure and gas path length, resolutions better than 0.2 nm should be accessible at ambient pressure with gas path lengths less than the 15 μm utilized for these experiments.
Transparency and timeliness: the monitoring of agricultural policies in the WTO using OECD data
Authors: JOSLING TIM , MITTENZWEI KLAUS 
Published: March 2013

AbstractTransparency in the multilateral trade system is fundamental. Monitoring the compliance of WTO members with their obligations is an important part of that transparency, and timeliness in the notification of compliance is crucial. In the case of domestic support to agriculture, the notifications of compliance with obligations has been slow and opaque. But another database exists that could both illuminate the extent to which policy instruments are correctly notified and provide a convenient way to ensure timely ‘pre-notifications’ in the event that delays occur in the future. This note shows how the OECD database can be used, for example, to shed light on the extent to which payments to producers that require production as a matter of eligibility are presently notified to the WTO as having no effect on production. We also demonstrate the feasibility of using OECD data to construct ‘pre-notifications’ by calculating the (as yet un-notified) domestic support notifications for the EU for the years 2009/10 and 2010/11.
Real‐time swimmers' feedback based on smart infrared (SSIR) optical wireless sensor
Authors: Hagem R.M. , Thiel D.V. , O'Keefe S. , Fickenscher T. 
Published: March 2013

An IrDA link based on a serial infrared transceiver has been designed and implemented for real‐time swimmers' feedback. A wrist‐mounted accelerometer provided stroke information to the transmitter. The signal was detected using a photodiode detector. Both the transmitter and receiver units measured 27 × 19 mm. Propagation experiments in air and under water were performed in a glass tank (91 × 39 × 45 cm) to validate the system. The maximum link length in air was 2 m and in still water 70 cm. In water with bubbles, the range reduced to 50 cm. This distance is sufficient for wrist–head communications during swimming. The information transmitted was the time duration of one complete stroke, which was updated every stroke and presented to the swimmer using an RGB LED mounted on the goggles. The hardware, software and implementation methods for the IrDA system are described.
Dual‐band bandstop filter using stub‐loaded resonators with sharp rejection characteristic
Authors: Chen Fu‐Chang , Qiu Jie‐Ming , Chu Qing‐Xin 
Published: March 2013

Dual‐band bandstop filters using open‐circuited stub‐loaded resonators are presented. The first and second resonant frequencies of the open‐circuited stub‐loaded resonator can be flexibly controlled by tuning the length and position of the open‐circuited stub. To illustrate the concept, a dual‐band bandstop filter has been designed, fabricated and measured. The prototype of the dual‐band bandstop filter achieved attenuation of 42 and 44 dB at 2.4 and 5.2 GHz.
Compact hybrid broadband GaN HEMT power amplifier based on feedback technique
Authors: Qiu Y.J. , Xu Y.H. , Xu R.M. , Lin W.G. 
Published: March 2013

A broadband hybrid power amplifier using a gallium nitride (GaN) high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) is presented. A discrete GaN HEMT bare die with 1.25 mm of gate width is used, and a compact size of 8.3 × 12.7 mm is achieved by using a feedback technique based on lumped elements. The power amplifier operates from 100 to 1000 MHz, and shows more than 12.8 dB gain and higher than 30.7 dBm output power in the overall bandwidth. Power added efficiency of 61.3% was acquired at the mid‐band frequency and more than 54.5% throughout the bandwidth.