bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolated Cortical Vein Thrombosis
Authors: Coutinho Jonathan M. , Gerritsma Jorn J. , Zuurbier Susanna M. , Stam Jan 
Published: April 2014

Background and Purpose—
Isolated cortical vein thrombosis is a distinct subtype of cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis. Because of the rarity of isolated cortical vein thrombosis, limited knowledge on its clinical and radiological manifestations is available.

Methods—
We performed a systematic review of published data. Isolated cortical vein thrombosis had to have been diagnosed by MRI, conventional angiography, computed tomography venography, autopsy, or surgery. Cases with concurrent thrombosis of a cerebral sinus were excluded.

Results—
Of 175 potentially relevant studies, 47 were included in the analysis, with a total of 116 patients. All studies were case reports and case series. Mean age was 41 years and 68% were women. The most common symptoms were headache (71%), seizures (58%), and focal neurological deficits (62%). Papilledema was not reported in any patient, and increased cerebrospinal fluid pressure was reported only in 2. Infection (19%), pregnancy or puerperium (35% of women), and oral contraceptive use (21% of women) were the most common risk factors. Most cases (73%) were diagnosed with MRI, but conventional angiography was also performed in 47%. A total of 81% had a parenchymal brain lesion and 80% were treated with anticoagulation. In-hospital mortality was 6%.

Conclusions—
Signs of increased intracranial pressure seem to be less common in isolated cortical vein thrombosis compared with cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis. MRI and in some cases conventional angiography are the most frequently used diagnostic modalities and anticoagulation is the most widely used therapy.
Preexisting Cerebral Microbleeds on Susceptibility-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Post-Thrombolysis Bleeding Risk in 392 Patients
Authors: Gratz Pascal P. , El-Koussy Marwan , Hsieh Kety , von Arx Sebastian , Mono Marie-Luise , Heldner Mirjam Rachel , Fischer Urs , Mattle Heinrich P. , Zubler Christoph , Schroth Gerhard , Gralla Jan , Arnold Marcel , Jung Simon 
Published: April 2014

Background and Purpose—
The question whether cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) visible on MRI in acute stroke increase the risk for intracerebral hemorrhages (ICHs) or worse outcome after thrombolysis is unresolved. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of CMB detected with pretreatment susceptibility-weighted MRI on ICH occurrence and outcome.

Methods—
From 2010 to 2013 we treated 724 patients with intravenous thrombolysis, endovascular therapy, or intravenous thrombolysis followed by endovascular therapy. A total of 392 of the 724 patients were examined with susceptibility-weighted MRI before treatment. CMBs were rated retrospectively. Multivariable regression analysis was used to determine the impact of CMB on ICH and outcome.

Results—

Of 392 patients, 174 were treated with intravenous thrombolysis, 150 with endovascular therapy, and 68 with intravenous thrombolysis followed by endovascular therapy. CMBs were detected in 79 (20.2%) patients. Symptomatic ICH occurred in 21 (5.4%) and asymptomatic in 75 (19.1%) patients, thereof 61 (15.6%) bleedings within and 35 (8.9%) outside the infarct. Neither the existence of CMB, their burden, predominant location nor their presumed pathogenesis influenced the risk for symptomatic or asymptomatic ICH. A higher CMB burden marginally increased the risk for ICH outside the infarct (
P
=0.048; odds ratio, 1.004; 95% confidence interval, 1.000–1.008).

Conclusions—
CMB detected on pretreatment susceptibility-weighted MRI did not increase the risk for ICH or worsen outcome, even when CMB burden, predominant location, or presumed pathogenesis was considered. There was only a small increased risk for ICH outside the infarct with increasing CMB burden that does not advise against thrombolysis in such patients.
Effect of processing and wearing on viscoelastic modeling of polylactide/wool and polyester/wool woven fabrics subjected to bursting
Authors: Manich Albert M , Miguel Rui , Silva Manuel José dos Santos , Lucas Jose , Martí Meritxell , Cayuela Diana 
Published: April 2014

Polyester fibers (PET) are greatly used in textiles but depend on fossil fuel resources. Poly-(lactic acid) (PLA) is an aliphatic polyester that can be derived from 100% renewable resources. The load–extension plot of a polylactide fiber seems to be especially compatible with that of wool. Consequently polyester/wool 55/45 and polylactide/wool 55/45 yarns were spun using the Sirospun process and plain and twill woven fabrics were industrially produced. Washed and heat set fabrics were subjected to a conventional process of dyeing and decatizing. Fabrics were gradually worn by abrasion using a Martindale wear and abrasion tester. Using the bursting strength test, the viscoelastic behavior of the fabrics when multidirectional extended was simulated and modeled using a modified non-linear Maxwell model. The three steps of fiber decrimping and orientation, fiber stretching and maximum yield and breaking were analyzed. PET/wool fabrics show a more linear behavior than PLA/wool ones and the influence of weave, finishing and wearing on the viscoelastic behavior of PLA/wool fabrics were highly relevant when compared with that on PET/wool ones. It seems that when blended with PET, wool develops its felting effect during finishing and wearing, while when blended with PLA, the felting effect of wool is hardly developed due to the lower resistance of PLA to hydrolysis and its lower thermal stability. PLA fiber properties need to be improved probably through the development of new L-D lactide (PLDLA) copolymers of different ratios between components and molecular weights to reach the optimal desirable properties for the fiber.
Inter-hospital transfer of ECMO-assisted patients with a portable miniaturized ECMO device: 4 years of experience
Authors: Raspé C , Rückert F , Metz D , Hofmann B , Neitzel T , Stiller M , Gielen S , Nestler F , Ebbighausen N , Steinke T , Bucher M , Bushnaq H 
Published: April 2014

Objectives: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in patients with severe pulmonary failure is able to keep patients alive until organ regeneration, until shunting out for further diagnostic and therapeutic options or until transportation to specialized centers. Nonetheless, extracorporeal techniques require a high degree of expertise, so that a confinement to specialized centers is meaningful. Following from this requirement, the need for inter-hospital transfer of patients with severely compromised pulmonary function is rising. Methods: We report about our experience with a portable ECMO system during inter-hospital air or ground transfer of patients with cardiopulmonary failure. Results: The portable ECMO system was used for transportation to the center and in-hospital treatment in 36 patients with an average age of 53 years suffering from respiratory failure. Accordingly, the ECMO system was implanted as a veno-venous extracorporeal system. Pre-ECMO ventilation time was 5.2 (2-9) days. Twelve patients were transported to our institution by ground and 24 patients by air ambulance over a median distance of 46 km. With the assistance of the ECMO device, prompt stabilization of cardiopulmonary function could be achieved in all patients without any technical complications. Post-ECMO ventilation was 9.8 days. Weaning from the ECMO system was successful in 61% of all patients after a median device working period of 12.7 days; median ICU stay was 34 days and a survival rate of 64% of patients was achieved. Technical (8%) and device-associated bleeding (11%)/thromboembolic (8%) complication rates showed very acceptable levels. Conclusion: Our experience demonstrates that miniaturized, portable ECMO therapy allows location-independent, out-of-center stabilization of pulmonary compromised patients with consecutive inter-hospital transfer and further in-house treatment, so that sophisticated ECMO therapy can be offered to every patient, even in hospitals with primary healthcare.
Chronic Pain and Risk Factors for Opioid Misuse in a Palliative Care Clinic
Authors: Childers Julie W. , King Linda A. , Arnold Robert M. 
Published: April 2014

Objectives: To describe the prevalence of chronic pain and the risk of opioid misuse in a palliative care clinic. Methods: We reviewed patient records for 6 months for source of pain, treatment status, opioid misuse risk (Cut down, Annoyed, Guilty, and Eye-opener [CAGE] and Screener and Opioid Assessment for Patients with Pain version 1.0—Short Form [SOAPP-SF] scores), and urine drug screens. Results: Of 323 patients, 91% had cancer, 56% undergoing cancer treatment, while 28% had no evidence of disease. Eighty-six (27%) patients had noncancer pain. In all, 46% of new patients had positive scores on the SOAPP-SF and 15% had a positive CAGE. Of the less than 5% of visits that included a urine drug screen, 56% had aberrant results. Conclusion: Chronic pain and indicators of opioid misuse risk were prevalent. Outpatient palliative care practices should develop policies to address these issues.
Conversion From Sildenafil to Tadalafil
Authors: Frantz Robert P. , Durst Louise , Burger Charles D. , Oudiz Ronald J. , Bourge Robert C. , Franco Veronica , Waxman Aaron B. , McDevitt Susanne , Walker Susan 
Published: April 2014

Purpose: Among phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, tadalafil offers clinicians a once-daily alternative to 3 times daily sildenafil for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). This study assessed the safety and patient satisfaction with conversion from sildenafil to tadalafil. Methods: In this multicenter, prospective, 6-month study, patients with PAH were instructed to take their last dose of sildenafil in the evening and initiate tadalafil 40 mg/d the next morning. Patients completed the Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication at baseline and 30, 90, and 180 days after transition to assess PAH symptoms and patient satisfaction. Safety was assessed on the basis of recorded adverse events (AEs). Results: Of the 35 patients who met the study criteria, 56% were receiving ≥2 PAH therapies. At the time of transition, the sildenafil dose ranged from 40 to 300 mg/d, with 20% of the patients on >20 mg of sildenafil 3 times daily. Transition to tadalafil was generally well tolerated, and the incidence of common AEs, except for myalgia, appeared to decrease over time on tadalafil therapy. Five (14%) patients switched back to sildenafil. A greater percentage of patients were satisfied than were dissatisfied after conversion to tadalafil (55% vs 19% at 90 days), while 26% felt about the same degree of satisfaction. Conversion to tadalafil resulted in significant improvement in patient ratings of therapy convenience. Conclusions: Transition of patients from sildenafil to tadalafil was usually well tolerated, with improved convenience and may enhance treatment satisfaction.
Skin Blood Perfusion and Cellular Response to Insertion of Insulin Pen Needles With Different Diameters
Authors: Præstmark Kezia Ann , Jensen Casper Bo , Stallknecht Bente , Madsen Nils Berg , Kildegaard Jonas 
Published: April 2014

Background: Today most research on pen needle design revolves around pain perception statements through clinical trials, but these are both costly, timely, and require high sample sizes. The purpose of this study was to test if tissue damage, caused by different types of needles, can be assessed by evaluating skin blood perfusion response around needle insertion sites. Method: Three common sized pen needles of 28G, 30G, and 32G as well as hooked 32G needles, were inserted into the neck skin of pigs and then removed. Laser Speckle Contrast Analysis was used to measure skin blood perfusion for 20 minutes after the insertions. Seven pigs were included in the study and a total of 118 randomized needle insertions were conducted. Histology was made of tissue samples inserted with 18G, 28G, and 32G needles, and stained to quantify red and white blood cell response. Results: Based on area under curve, calculated for each individual blood perfusion recording and grouped according to needle type, skin blood perfusion response relates to needle diameter. The response was significantly higher after insertions with 28G and hooked 32G needles than with 30G ( P < .05) and 32G ( P < .01) needles. Histology results were not significant, but there was a trend of an increased response with increasing needle diameter. Conclusions: Skin blood perfusion response to pen needle insertions rank according to needle diameter, and the tissue response caused by hooked 32G needles corresponds to that of 28G needles. The relation between needle diameter and trauma when analyzing histology was also suggested.
Development of the Likelihood of Low Glucose (LLG) Algorithm for Evaluating Risk of Hypoglycemia
Authors: Dunn Timothy C. , Hayter Gary A. , Doniger Ken J. , Wolpert Howard A. 
Published: April 2014

Objective: The objective was to develop an analysis methodology for generating diabetes therapy decision guidance using continuous glucose (CG) data. Methods: The novel Likelihood of Low Glucose (LLG) methodology, which exploits the relationship between glucose median, glucose variability, and hypoglycemia risk, is mathematically based and can be implemented in computer software. Using JDRF Continuous Glucose Monitoring Clinical Trial data, CG values for all participants were divided into 4-week periods starting at the first available sensor reading. The safety and sensitivity performance regarding hypoglycemia guidance “stoplights” were compared between the LLG method and one based on 10th percentile (P10) values. Results: Examining 13 932 hypoglycemia guidance outputs, the safety performance of the LLG method ranged from 0.5% to 5.4% incorrect “green” indicators, compared with 0.9% to 6.0% for P10 value of 110 mg/dL. Guidance with lower P10 values yielded higher rates of incorrect indicators, such as 11.7% to 38% at 80 mg/dL. When evaluated only for periods of higher glucose (median above 155 mg/dL), the safety performance of the LLG method was superior to the P10 method. Sensitivity performance of correct “red” indicators of the LLG method had an in sample rate of 88.3% and an out of sample rate of 59.6%, comparable with the P10 method up to about 80 mg/dL. Conclusions: To aid in therapeutic decision making, we developed an algorithm-supported report that graphically highlights low glucose risk and increased variability. When tested with clinical data, the proposed method demonstrated equivalent or superior safety and sensitivity performance.
Parenteral glutamine supplementation in critical illness: a systematic review
Authors: Wischmeyer Paul E , Dhaliwal Rupinder , McCall Michele , Ziegler Thomas R , Heyland Daren K 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Introduction
The potential benefit of parenteral glutamine (GLN) supplementation has been one of the most commonly studied nutritional interventions in the critical care setting. The aim of this systematic review was to incorporate recent trials of traditional parenteral GLN supplementation in critical illness with previously existing data.

Methods
All randomized controlled trials of parenterally administered GLN in critically ill patients conducted from 1997 to 2013 were identified. Studies of enteral GLN only or combined enteral/parenteral GLN were excluded. Methodological quality of studies was scored and data was abstracted by independent reviewers.

Results
A total of 26 studies involving 2,484 patients examining only parenteral GLN supplementation of nutrition support were identified in ICU patients. Parenteral GLN supplementation was associated with a trend towards a reduction of overall mortality (relative risk (RR) 0.88, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.75, 1.03, P = 0.10) and a significant reduction in hospital mortality (RR 0.68, 95% CI 0.51, 0.90, P = 0.008). In addition, parenteral GLN was associated with a strong trend towards a reduction in infectious complications (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.73, 1.02, P = 0.09) and ICU length of stay (LOS) (WMD –1.91, (95% CI -4.10, 0.28, P = 0.09) and significant reduction in hospital LOS (WMD -2.56, 95% CI -4.71, -0.42, P = 0.02). In the subset of studies examining patients receiving parenteral nutrition (PN), parenteral GLN supplementation was associated with a trend towards reduced overall mortality (RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.71, 1.01, P = 0.07).

Conclusions
Parenteral GLN supplementation given in conjunction with nutrition support continues to be associated with a significant reduction in hospital mortality and hospital LOS. Parenteral GLN supplementation as a component of nutrition support should continue to be considered to improve outcomes in critically ill patients.
Cross-species analysis of genetically engineered mouse models of MAPK driven colorectal cancer identifies hallmarks of human disease
Authors: Belmont Peter J. , Budinska Eva , Jiang Ping , Sinnamon Mark J. , Coffee Erin , Roper Jatin , Xie Tao , Rejto Paul A. , Derkits Sahra , Sansom Owen J. , Delorenzi Mauro , Tejpar Sabine , Hung Kenneth E. , Martin Eric S. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Effective treatment options for advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) are limited, survival rates are poor, and this disease continues to be a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite being a highly heterogeneous disease, a significant subset of patients with sporadic CRC typically harbor relatively few established 'driver' lesions. Here, we describe a collection of genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM) of sporadic CRC that combine lesions frequently altered in human patients, including well-characterized tumor suppressors and activators of MAPK signaling. Primary tumors from these models were profiled, and individual GEMM tumors segregated into groups based on their genotypes. Unique allelic and genotypic expression signatures were generated from these GEMMs and applied to clinically annotated human CRC patient samples. We provide evidence that a Kras signature derived from these GEMMs is capable of distinguishing KRAS mutant patients, and tracks with poor prognosis in two independent human patient cohorts. Further, the analysis of a panel of human CRC cell lines suggests that high expression of the GEMM Kras signature correlates with sensitivity to targeted pathway inhibitors. Together, these findings implicate GEMMs as powerful preclinical tools with the capacity to recapitulate relevant human disease biology, and support the use of genetic signatures generated in these models to facilitate future drug discovery and validation efforts.
Sampling of Phenol in Water by Diffusive Gradients Using Thin Film Technique
Authors: Dong Jia , Li Liangchen , Jiang Zhiwen , Zhang Gang , Sun Ting 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
For the first time, new diffusive gradients in thin film (DGT) device using molecularly imprinted polymers as the binding agents and the nylon membrane as the diffusive layer have been developed for the sampling of phenol in water. The diffusion coefficient of phenol through the nylon membrane was 0.79 × 10−6 cm2 s−1, which was measured by the diffusion cell method. The binding agent of the DGT device was prepared by precipitation polymerization by molecularly imprinted technique using methacrylic acid as the functional monomer and ethyleneglycodimethacrylate as the crosslinker. The accumulated mass of phenol by the DGT device increased linearly with time (R2 = 0.9940). The ratio of the concentrations sampled by the DGT device to the concentration of the bulk solution was 0.97 ± 0.06. The results confirmed that the developed DGT device was suitable for the quantitative sampling of phenol in aqueous solution. The performance of the DGT device was independent of pH in the range 3–7 and ionic strength 0.0001–0.1 mol L−1. As a conclusion, the DGT device can be used for accurately sampling phenol in water.
Spin-crossover and LIESST Effect for Iron(III) Complex Based on π–π Stacking by Coordination Programming
Authors: Nakaya Manabu , Shimayama Kodai , Takami Kohei , Hirata Kazuya , Alao Amolegbe Saliu , Nakamura Masaaki , Lindoy Leonard F , Hayami Shinya 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Spin-crossover (SCO) iron(III) compounds, [Fe(qnal-OMe)2]PF6·acetone (1) and [Fe(qnal-OMe)2]BPh4·2MeOH (2) (qnal-OMe: 7-methoxy-1-[(8-quinolinylimino)methyl]-2-naphthalenol), were prepared and characterized by X-ray single-crystal structure analysis, temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility, and Mössbauer spectroscopy measurements. The compounds exhibited SCO behavior with thermal hysteresis loop (T1/2↑ = 202 K, T1/2↓ = 194 K for 1 and T1/2↑ = 304 K, T1/2↓ = 194 K for 2). Moreover, the light-induced excited spin-state trapping (LIESST) effect was observed for the compounds when the samples were illuminated (1000 nm) at 5 K. We suggest that the introduction of a strong intermolecular interaction, such as π–π stacking, can play an important role in the observed dynamic phase transition.
How the Provenance of Electronic Health Record Data Matters for Research: A Case
Example Using System Mapping
Authors: Johnson Karin E. , Kamineni Aruna , Fuller Sharon , Olmstead Danielle , Wernli Karen J. 
Published: April 2014

Introduction: The use of electronic health records (EHRs) for research is
proceeding rapidly, driven by computational power, analytical techniques, and policy.
However, EHR-based research is limited by the complexity of EHR data and a lack of
understanding about data provenance, meaning the context under which the data were
collected. This paper presents system flow mapping as a method to help researchers more
fully understand the provenance of their EHR data as it relates to local workflow. We
provide two specific examples of how this method can improve data identification,
documentation, and processing.Background: EHRs store clinical and administrative data,
often in unstructured fields. Each clinical system has a unique and dynamic workflow and
EHR, which may be influenced by broader context such as documentation required for
billing.Methods: We present a case study with two examples of using system flow mapping
to characterize EHR data for a local colorectal cancer screening
process.Findings: System flow mapping demonstrated that information entered into the EHR
during clinical practice required interpretation and transformation before it could be
accurately applied to research. We illustrate how system flow mapping shaped our
knowledge of the quality and completeness of data in two examples: 1) determining
colonoscopy indication as recorded in the EHR, and 2) discovering a specific EHR form
that captured family history.Discussion: Researchers who do not consider data provenance
risk compiling data that are systematically incomplete or incorrect. For example,
researchers who are not familiar with the clinical workflow under which data were
entered might miss or misunderstand patient information or procedure and diagnostic
codes.Conclusions/Next steps: Data provenance is a fundamental characteristic of
research data from EHRs. Given the diversity of EHR platforms and system workflows,
researchers need tools for evaluating and reporting data availability, quality, and
transformations. Our case study illustrates how system mapping can inform researchers
about the provenance of their data as it pertains to local workflows.