bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linking soil microbial communities to vascular plant abundance along a climate gradient
Authors: Bragazza Luca , Bardgett Richard D. , Mitchell Edward A. D. , Buttler Alexandre 
Published: October 2014

Summary

The ongoing expansion of shrub cover in response to climate change represents a unique opportunity to explore the link between soil microbial communities and vegetation changes. This link is particularly important in peatlands where shrub expansion is expected to feed back negatively on the carbon sink capacity of these ecosystems.

Microbial community structure and function were measured seasonally in four peatlands located along an altitude gradient representing a natural gradient of climate and associated vascular plant abundance.

We show that increased soil temperature and reduced water content are associated with greater vascular plant biomass, in particular that of ericoids, and that this, in turn, is correlated with greater microbial biomass. More specifically, microbial community structure is characterized by an increasing dominance of fungi over bacteria with improved soil oxygenation. We also found that the carbon and nitrogen stoichiometry of microbial biomass differs in relation to soil microbial community structure and that this is ultimately associated with a different investment in extracellular enzymatic activity.

Our findings highlight the fact that the determination of the structural identity of microbial communities can help to explain the biogeochemical dynamics of organic matter and provide a better understanding of ecosystem response to environmental changes.
Do therapeutic imagery practices affect physiological and emotional indicators of threat in high self‐critics?
Authors: Duarte Joana , McEwan Kirsten , Barnes Christopher , Gilbert Paul , Maratos Frances A. 
Published: October 2014

ObjectivesImagery is known to be a powerful means of stimulating various physiological processes and is increasingly used within standard psychological therapies. Compassion‐focused imagery (CFI) has been used to stimulate affiliative emotion in people with mental health problems. However, evidence suggests that self‐critical individuals may have particular difficulties in this domain with single trials. The aim of the present study was to further investigate the role of self‐criticism in responsiveness to CFI by specifically pre‐selecting participants based on trait self‐criticism.DesignUsing the Forms of Self‐Criticism/Self‐Reassuring Scale, 29 individuals from a total sample of 139 were pre‐selected to determine how self‐criticism impacts upon an initial instance of imagery.MethodsAll participants took part in three activities: a control imagery intervention (useable data N = 25), a standard CFI intervention (useable data N = 25), and a non‐intervention control (useable data N = 24). Physiological measurements (alpha amylase) as well as questionnaire measures of emotional responding (i.e., the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, the Types of Positive Affect Scale, and the State Adult Attachment Scale) were taken before and after the different interventions.ResultsFollowing both imagery interventions, repeated measures analyses revealed that alpha amylase increased significantly for high self‐critics compared with low self‐critics. High self‐critics (HSC) also reported greater insecurity on entering the imagery session and more negative CFI experiences compared with low self‐critics.ConclusionsData demonstrate that HSC respond negatively to imagery interventions in a single trial. This highlights that imagery focused therapies (e.g., CFI) need interventions that manage fears, blocks, and resistances to the techniques, particularly in HSC.Practitioner points

An initial instance of imagery (e.g., CFI) can be frightening for people who have a tendency to be self‐critical.

This research provides examples of physiological and emotional responses to imagery type therapies in high and low self‐critics, and associated clinical implications.

Therapists may find it helpful to be mindful that when introducing imagery based therapies, highly self‐critical patients need interventions that manage fears, blocks, and resistances to the techniques.
Prophylactic effect of H2 blocker for anastomotic stricture after esophageal atresia repair
Authors: Murase Naruhiko , Uchida Hiroo , Kaneko Kenitiro , Ono Yasuyuki , Makita Satoshi , Yokota Kazuki 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundAnastomotic stricture is the main complication after esophageal atresia (EA) repair. In this study, we assessed the efficacy of long‐term prophylactic H2 blocker treatment in preventing stricture.MethodsTwenty‐seven patients who had undergone primary repair for EA (Gross type C) were reviewed retrospectively. The patients were analyzed in two groups: the H2 blocker group (n = 13), in which the patients were treated with prophylactic H2 blocker; and the control group (n = 14), in which they were not. To assess anastomotic stricture, contrast esophagography was performed and the number of patients who required balloon dilatation was recorded.ResultsFive patients (18.5%) required postoperative balloon dilatation within 1 year of primary repair. There was no difference in dilatation rate between the two groups. In the H2 blocker group, however, anastomotic stricture improved significantly in the late postoperative period relative to that in the early postoperative period. In contrast, in the control group, anastomotic stricture did not improve after a long postoperative period. The incidence of gastroesophageal reflux was 55.6%. Postoperative gastroesophageal reflux was a predisposing factor for balloon dilatation in the control group, but not in the H2 blocker group.ConclusionsLong‐term treatment with prophylactic H2 blocker may prevent anastomotic stricture caused by gastroesophageal reflux in the late postoperative period after EA repair.
Evaluation rhythm problems in unexplained syncope etiology with implantable loop recorder
Authors: Ergul Yakup , Tanidir Ibrahim Cansaran , Ozyilmaz Isa , Akdeniz Celal , Tuzcu Volkan 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundSyncope is a frequent complaint in children and adolescents and may be a significant sign of serious pathology. Although patient history, family history, and physical examination are sufficient to reach a diagnosis in most cases of syncope, the cause of syncope still cannot be determined after initial investigation in one‐third to half of all patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic yield of implantable loop recorder (ILR) in children with unexplained syncope.MethodsA retrospective review was carried out of clinical data, indications, findings, and a final management strategy in patients who underwent ILR implantation.ResultsA total of 12 patients with a mean age of 9.4 ± 4.5 years underwent ILR (Reveal Plus; Medtronic) implantation. ILR implantation indication was syncope in all of the patients. Family history, routine cardiac assessment, including resting 12‐lead electrocardiogram, transthoracic echocardiography, 24 h Holter recording, and event recorder findings, were normal with the exception of one patient with (previously corrected) tetralogy of Fallot. After an average of 20 months (range, 1–36 months), six patients developed symptoms. ILR memory showed torsades de pointes–ventricular fibrillation (n = 3), catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (n = 1), asystole and ventricular tachycardia (n = 1), and normal sinus rhythm (n = 1). At the time of writing six patients were still in follow up with no symptoms after an average of 25.2 months.ConclusionImplantable loop recorder plays an important role in the diagnosis of life‐threatening arrhythmias in which syncope is otherwise unexplained. ILR implantation should be remembered in children whose symptoms are strongly correlated with rhythm disturbances.
It's not too late: The onset of the frontocentral P3 indexes successful response inhibition in the stop‐signal paradigm
Authors: Wessel Jan R. , Aron Adam R. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe frontocentral P3 event‐related potential has been proposed as a neural marker of response inhibition. However, this association is disputed: some argue that P3 latency is too late relative to the timing of action stopping (stop‐signal reaction time; SSRT) to index response inhibition. We tested whether P3 onset latency is a marker of response inhibition, and whether it coincides with the timing predicted by neurocomputational models. We measured EEG in 62 participants during the stop‐signal task, and used independent component analysis and permutation statistics to measure the P3 onset in each participant. We show that P3 onset latency is shorter when stopping is successful, that it is highly correlated with SSRT, and that it coincides with the purported timing of the inhibition process (towards the end of SSRT). These results demonstrate the utility of P3 onset latency as a noninvasive, temporally precise neural marker of the response inhibition process.
The Losses from Trade Restrictions: Policy Dynamics with Firm Selection and Endogenous Markup
Authors: Moon Soojae 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn this paper, I explore the aggregate effects of trade restrictions in a two‐country, dynamic, general equilibrium (DGE) model with firm selection and variable adjustment of markup. As a response to the trade collapse in the global crisis of 2008 and 2009, temporary trade restrictions have emerged in several countries. With analyzing the dynamics of a negative macroeconomic shock in the home economy first, and the subsequent introduction of trade restrictions in the foreign economy second, I show that both economies are in a worse position than they were during the economic downturn. The follow‐ups to the recession and trade restrictions are investigated through three mechanisms: (1) variable markup as a new avenue of increasing competitive pressure for producers (e.g. more competitive firms lower their markups); (2) average individual firms' specific productivity cut‐off, which induces their optimum export choice (e.g. an increase in the export productivity cut‐off means exporting becomes more difficult than before.); and (3) the movement of international relative prices (e.g. the real exchange rate and terms of trade).
Associations between attachment‐related symptoms and later psychological problems among international adoptees: Results from the FinAdo study
Authors: Elovainio Marko , Raaska Hanna , Sinkkonen Jari , Mäkipää Sanna , Lapinleimu Helena 
Published: October 2014

We examined the associations between attachment‐related symptoms (symptoms of reactive attachment disorder (RAD), symptoms of disinhibited social engagement disorder (DSED), and clinging) and later psychological problems among international adoptees. The study population comprised internationally adopted children (591 boys and 768 girls, 6–15 years) from the ongoing Finnish Adoption (FinAdo) study. Data were gathered with self‐administered questionnaires both from adoptive parents and from adoptees aged over 9 years. Attachment‐related symptoms were measured using of a short (8‐item) questionnaire and later behavioral/emotional problems were assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the Five to Fifteen (FTF) scale for attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. RAD and DSED symptom subscales were associated with an increased risk of emotional and behavioral problems and ADHD. Especially the mixed type of attachment‐related symptoms was strongly associated with later emotional and behavioral problems.
A Suicide Prevention Campaign for Firearm Dealers in New Hampshire
Authors: Vriniotis Mary , Barber Catherine , Frank Elaine , Demicco Ralph ,   the New Hampshire Firearm Safety Coalition
Published: October 2014

A spate of suicides involving a just‐purchased firearm led a statewide coalition of firearm dealers, firearm rights advocates, and suicide prevention professionals to discuss the role of gun shops in preventing suicide. The group developed and mailed materials for (1) firearm retailers on avoiding sales to suicidal customers and (2) their customers on suicide and firearm safety. All storefront retailers were identified (n = 65), visited unannounced 6 months after receiving materials, and asked to complete a survey. Nearly half (48%) had at least one campaign product on display. Belief that reducing a suicidal person's access to firearms might save a life was associated with displaying materials (69% vs. 41%, p = .06). Public health and gun groups can successfully collaborate on suicide prevention activities.
The Gender Wage Gap in the United States and Cross Nationally
Authors: Misra Joya , Murray‐Close Marta 
Published: October 2014

AbstractScholarship in sociology and economics has long explored the gender wage gap. Recent research suggests that these inequalities are indicative of important differences not only between men and women, but among women and men, reflecting rising levels of income inequality among workers in the post‐industrial era. We argue that the most interesting debates in the gender wage gap – those exploring differences among subgroups by class, race, and/or parenthood status (such as the motherhood wage penalty), as well as those considering differences across countries – can bring new insights to the study of wage inequality, as well as to understandings of what drives gendered wage inequality.
Cattle manure and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer application effects on soil hydraulic properties and maize yield of two soils of Murewa district, Zimbabwe
Authors: Dunjana N. , Nyamugafata P. , Nyamangara J. , Mango N. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis study set out to determine the effects of cattle manure and inorganic N‐fertilizer application on the hydraulic properties and maize yield of a clay and sandy soil in a smallholder farming area of Zimbabwe. Four fields classified as homefields (HF: more fertile and closer to homesteads) and outfields (OF: less fertile and further from the homesteads) were selected on clay and sandy soil. They were subjected to four treatments, control (no fertility amendment), 5, 15 and 25 t/ha cattle manure + 100 kg/ha N (as ammonium nitrate) for 7 years. A two‐way randomized complete block design was used with fertility and field type as the two factors. Clay soil hydraulic properties, which included density of macropores with a diameter >300 μm, unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, steady‐state infiltration rate, moisture retention under low suction and maize grain yield, were significantly improved (P < 0.05) by fertility management compared with the control and were generally comparable between the HF and OF. Fertility management significantly improved maize grain yield on sandy soils but did not enhance hydraulic parameters, thereby indicating poor responsiveness in structural build‐up. On the other hand, significantly different hydraulic parameters between the sandy soil HF and OF suggested effects of other factors not related to soil fertility and field type treatments. We therefore concluded that application of a high rate (25 t/ha) of cattle manure and inorganic N‐fertilizer is beneficial for fertility restoration to the degraded OFs with associated comparable hydraulic properties on HFs and OFs on clay soil, unlike on sandy soil.
Quality of surgical care in hospitals providing internship training in Kenya: a cross sectional survey.
Authors: Mwinga Stephen , Kulohoma Colette , Mwaniki Paul , Idowu Rachel , Masasabi John , English Mike ,   the SIRCLE Collaboration
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate services in hospitals providing internship training to graduate doctors in Kenya.MethodsA survey of 22 internship training hospitals was conducted. Availability of key resources spanning infrastructure, personnel, equipment and drugs was assessed by observation. Outcomes and process of care for pre‐specified priority conditions (head injury, chest injury, fractures, burns and acute abdomen) were evaluated by auditing case records.ResultsEach hospital had at least one consultant surgeon. Scheduled surgical outpatient clinics, major ward rounds and elective (half day) theatre lists were provided once per week in 91%, 55% and 9%, respectively. In all other hospitals, these were conducted twice weekly. Basic drugs were not always available (e.g. gentamicin, morphine and pethidine in 50%, injectable antistaphylococcal penicillins in 5% hospitals). Fewer than half of hospitals had all resources needed to provide oxygen. One hundred and forty‐five of 956 cases evaluated underwent operations under general or spinal anaesthesia. We found operation notes for 99% and anaesthetic records for 72%. Pre‐operatively measured vital signs were recorded in 80% of cases, and evidence of consent to operation was found in 78%. Blood loss was documented in only one case and sponge and instrument counts in 7%.ConclusionsEvaluation of surgical services would be improved by development and dissemination of clear standards of care. This survey suggests that internship hospitals may be poorly equipped and documented care suggests inadequacies in quality and training.
Hemostatic analysis of dogs naturally envenomed by the African puffadder (Bitis arietans) and snouted cobra (Naja annulifera)
Authors: Nagel Susanna S. , Schoeman Johan P. , Thompson Peter N. , Wiinberg Bo , Goddard Amelia 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate hemostatic changes in dogs envenomed by cytotoxic (African puffadder) and neurotoxic snakes (snouted cobra) using thromboelastography (TEG) and plasma‐based coagulation assays.DesignProspective observational clinical study.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsEighteen client‐owned dogs; 9 envenomed by African puffadder (Bitis arietans) and 9 by snouted cobra (Naja annulifera). Ten healthy dogs served as controls.InterventionsNone.Measurements and Main ResultsBlood was collected at presentation and 24 hours post envenomation. Platelet count, TEG, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), antithrombin activity, and fibrinogen (Fib) and C‐reactive protein (CRP) concentrations were measured. Outcomes were analyzed using linear mixed models at 5% significance. At presentation, R time was significantly prolonged in the puffadder group compared to the cobra (P = 0.01) and control groups (P = 0.05). Platelet count was significantly lower in the puffadder compared to the cobra (P = 0.04) and control groups (P = 0.001), respectively. Antithrombin activity was significantly decreased in the puffadder (P = 0.002) and cobra groups (P = 0.004) compared to the control group. Both prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time were significantly prolonged in the cobra group compared to the control group (P = 0.03 for both). The TEG variables, maximum amplitude (MA) and G, were significantly increased 24 hours post envenomation in the puffadder group compared to their values at presentation (P = 0.05 for both). Fib and CRP concentrations were significantly increased 24 hours post envenomation in both snake‐envenomed groups.ConclusionsProlonged clot initiation was a common feature in puffadder‐envenomed dogs at presentation and this was likely venom induced. Snouted cobra‐envenomed dogs were normo‐ to hypercoagulable at presentation. Dogs from both puffadder and cobra groups progressed to a more hypercoagulable by 24 hours post envenomation, most likely due to marked inflammation as indicated by the increased Fib and CRP concentrations. TEG proved a sensitive tool for detecting abnormal hemostasis in snake‐envenomed dogs.
Fluid dynamics and intraocular pressure using venturi phacoemulsification machine in dogs ex vivo
Authors: Kang Seonmi , Park Sangwan , Noh Hyunwoo , Seo Kangmoon 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo optimize fluid dynamics through measuring intraocular pressure (IOP) in a venturi phacoemulsification machine in dogs.ProceduresIn step I, flow and IOP of the test chamber were measured using a pressure transducer with the bottle height (BH) set at 50, 70, 100, and 120 cm and the vacuum from 30 to 450 mmHg. A 19‐gauge phaco and a 0.3‐mm irrigation/aspiration (I/A) handpiece were used. In step II, flow and IOP were measured in an enucleated canine eye with a 3.0‐ and a 3.2‐mm clear corneal incision (CCI), respectively. IOP was measured using the pressure transducer at a 30‐mmHg vacuum to allow corneal deformation, to define the fluidic parameters for preventing surge.ResultsFlow was directly proportional to the BH and vacuum, whereas IOP was directly proportional to the BH and inversely to the vacuum. Flow with an I/A handpiece was significantly less than with a phaco handpiece, explaining why IOP with an I/A handpiece was significantly higher than with a phaco handpiece. With the I/A handpiece, vacuum parameters less than 450 mmHg did not result in corneal deformation. IOP with a 3.2‐mm CCI was significantly lower than with a 3.0‐mm CCI, with the 3.2‐mm flow being greater than the 3.0‐mm flow.Conclusions
BH during the I/A stage could be reduced to avoid unnecessary stress on the canine eye when using a venturi system. Although phacoemulsification with a 3.2‐mm CCI could induce lower IOP, a 3.0‐mm CCI might lessen the irrigation flow stress on the eye.
From Asia to Europe across Siberia: phylogeography of the Siberian spined loach (Teleostei, Cobitidae)
Authors: Perdices Anabel , Vasil'eva Ekaterina , Vasil'ev Victor 
Published: October 2014

We assessed the genetic variability of the Siberian spined loach Cobitis melanoleuca across its unusually broad distribution that encompasses areas greatly affected by Pleistocene glaciations. Due to extensive morphological variation among their populations, the taxonomic status of C. melanoleuca is complicated. It is unclear whether C. melanoleuca represents a single taxonomic unit or contains several species or subspecies. Our analyses showed low genetic variability in all populations without any phylogenetic structure. The absence of molecular distinctiveness indicates the conspecificity of all C. melanoleuca populations. Only a few common haplotypes shared by East Asian, Siberian and European populations were found at high frequency in the nuclear genes analysed. At the mitochondrial level, Siberian populations shared haplotypes with populations located at both extremes of the species’ range suggesting central populations as a source of current mitochondrial variability. Unimodal mismatch distributions and significant values from neutrality tests support a recent expansion of C. melanoleuca. Our time estimates suggest a postglacial colonisation of European waters around 1.0 MYA, indicating that C. melanoleuca may represent the last cobitid immigrant in Europe that used the northern route across Siberia to expand its range.
Spectre et géométrie conforme des variétés compactes à bord
Authors: Jammes Pierre 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe prove that on any compact manifold $M^{n}$ with boundary, there exists a conformal class $C$ such that for any Riemannian metric $g\in C$ of unit volume, the first positive eigenvalue of the Neumann Laplacian satisfies ${\it\lambda}_{1}(M^{n},g)<n\,\text{Vol}(S^{n},g_{\text{can}})^{2/n}$. We also prove a similar inequality for the first positive Steklov eigenvalue. The proof relies on a handle decomposition of the manifold. We also prove that the conformal volume of $(M,C)$ is $\text{Vol}(S^{n},g_{\text{can}})$, and that the Friedlander–Nadirashvili invariant and the Möbius volume of $M$ are equal to those of the sphere. If $M$ is a domain in a space form, $C$ is the conformal class of the canonical metric.