bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards a holding environment: building shared understanding and commitment in projects
Authors: Culmsee Paul , Awati Kailash 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThe early stages of projects are often characterised by ambiguity arising from differences in stakeholder views regarding project rationale and objectives. The purpose of this paper is to present a viewpoint on how to build a shared understanding of project goals and thus reach a shared commitment to achieving them. One of the ways to achieve shared understanding is through open dialogue, free from political and other constraints. The authors call an environment that fosters such dialogue a holding environment. The main aim is to illustrate, via a case study: how an alliance‐based approach to projects can foster a holding environment; and how argument visualisation tools such as IBIS (Issue‐Based Information System) can be used to clarify different points of view and options within such an environment.Design/methodology/approachFollowing a discussion of theoretical background and literature review, an alliancing case study is used to illustrate the development of a holding environment and demonstrate the utility of IBIS in the creation of such an environment.FindingsIt is seen that an alliance‐based approach to projects can provide the foundation for a holding environment. IBIS is seen to facilitate the building of shared understanding by making arguments explicit and capturing decision rationale.Practical implicationsThe paper outlines a practical framework for improving the quality of dialogue and achieving stakeholder commitment on projects.Originality/valueAchieving shared understanding and commitment to action is difficult, particularly in the early stages of projects. The paper outlines the conditions and techniques needed to facilitate this via a non‐trivial case study.
How do you do? On situating old project sites through practice‐based studies
Authors: Hällgren Markus , Lindahl Marcus 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this editorial is to reflect on the growing interest of situated project research.Design/methodology/approachThe editorial is conceptual and relies on published work and the articles included in the special issue.FindingsWith this special issue it is found that practice‐based studies, also called Projects‐as‐Practice studies, interested in the everyday activities of project practitioners, are multi‐faceted and rich. What may also be seen is that practice‐based studies are not yet a coherent area. However, it is more important that practice‐based studies allow researchers to understand the organization less as an entity and more as a socially‐accomplished task.Research limitations/implicationsSeveral implications for research are offered, including the need for studies that emphasize the small details of organizing, and that practice‐based studies are not restricted to a certain methodology but depend on what a particular paper tries to accomplish.Practical implicationsWith an ever‐growing stream of research focusing on projects the guest editors argue that it is about time to look into the details of organizing. This could be accomplished through a number of ways but in this special issue it is proposed that approaching traditional areas with a conscious naivety when asking the questions may do it. For the practitioner, the special issue offers important insights into how things are done in practice, which may be used as a mirror or reflection upon their own practice.Originality/valueThis editorial and special issue offer insights for any academic interested in understanding projects differently.
Project management, interdependencies, and time
Authors: Söderlund Jonas 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review the content and contributions of the book by Sayles and Chandler entitled Managing Large Systems: Organizations for the Future. The paper seeks to uncover the elements of the nature and elements of project organizing presented in the book.Design/methodology/approachThe paper presents the main ideas in the book, along with a few important issues to organization theory, including interdependence, timing, and the role of project management.FindingsThe paper demonstrates that the book by Sayles and Chandler presents an early attempt of formulating a theory of project organization. The embryonic theory is based on insights about the importance of interdependence and time in understanding different forms of project organizing and the role of project management.Originality/valueThe present paper is especially concerned with the ideas presented in the book that relate to time and timing in project organization. Although these issues are well addressed in the book by Sayles and Chandler, they are currently pressing, yet typically ignored in much project management research. Previous research has given limited attention to the insights presented in this book published more than 40 years ago. In that respect, the ideas presented in the book by Sayles and Chandler seems to have had more impact on organization theory than on project management, although, the book as such is undoubtedly a study of project organizing and the management of projects. This observation thus sheds some new light on the conventional thinking, and somewhat simplified idea, about the unidirectional relationship between organization theory and project management.
The nature of project management
Authors: Dalcher Darren 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review the content and contributions of the book by Morris and Hough entitled The Anatomy of Major Projects: A Study of the Reality of Project Management. The paper explores the major findings and contributions in the book and by so doing, highlights opportunities for future research and links the findings to emerging areas of interest.Design/methodology/approachThe paper presents the main ideas in the book along with a number of important issues to project management theory and the management of large projects, including success, success factors, and the use of case studies to capture the actuality of project work.FindingsThe paper demonstrates that Morris and Hough addressed many of the concerns related to major projects and uncovered the implications of researching the success of projects, offering new insights and understanding related to the dynamics of projects and the temporal nature of success (and failure).Practical implicationsThe primary implication is to demonstrate the value of revisiting the classic contributions in project management and re‐reading the findings and conclusions.Originality/valueThe author is especially interested in the ideas presented in the book that relate to success and to major projects, as well as with researching the actuality of projects through case studies. Many of the findings and insights remain relevant and would inform today's debates. Previous research has given limited attention to the insights presented in this book published 25 years ago.
Reflections on Barry W. Boehm's “A spiral model of software development and enhancement”
Authors: Nilsson Andreas , Wilson Timothy L. 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review the content, contributions and subsequent developments of the seminal paper by Barry Boehm, “A spiral model of software development and enhancement” written in 1988. The relationships of this paper to software development, agile projects, real options and present practice are put into perspective.Design/methodology/approachBasically an essayist approach is taken. First, the contents of Boehm's paper are reviewed and then associated with subsequent developments.FindingsReview of the paper as published represents a documentation of cutting‐edge software development as it existed at the time. Fundamentally it suggests the viability of a non‐linear, customer‐influenced, development approach.Practical implicationsThis basic approach illustrated in the spiral model of course has found its way into complex project approaches and management.Originality/valueThis paper follows the lines of increasing attention to classics, which is the purpose of this special issue of the journal. In particular, attention is called to the transition of thought on projects and project management from supplier‐oriented, linear processes to customer/client‐influenced, non‐linear ones.
Global careerists' identity construction
Authors: Näsholm Malin H. 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to report on a thesis on global careers; a topic relevant to many project managers working internationally. The main purpose of the thesis was to contribute to the understanding of global careers through applying an identity construction perspective on narratives of global careerists' working lives.Design/methodology/approachThrough a narrative approach, 20 interviews with Swedish global careerists were analyzed and comparison of two types of global careerists was made – repeat expatriates and international itinerants.FindingsThe repeat expatriates and international itinerants are shown to have different patterns in their identity construction and there are differences in their career orientations, in their identifications with the organizations they work for, with their careers and with what they do. They also differ in how they identify with their home country and culture and the countries and cultures in which they live. Circumstances such as the type of location, the time abroad, and if the work abroad is perceived as temporary, are significant in their identity construction.Practical implicationsBoth organizations and individuals benefit from understanding the implications of such careers. The results of this study can lead to the development of HRM practices to attract and maintain the relationship with these individuals and draw on their skills.Originality/valueBy considering individuals' subjective experiences of global careers through an identity construction perspective, new understanding can be reached on individuals undergoing multiple transitions over the course of their careers.
Temporary employment in Italy and its consequences on gender
Authors: Callea Antonino , Urbini Flavio , Bucknor Delaney 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper was to establish whether precariousness of life as determined by temporary employment contributed to anxiety and depression and whether its consequences on daily life were differentiated in relation to gender.Design/methodology/approachA structural equation analysis of anxiety and depression with aspects of precariousness of life as model predictors was explored with t‐test and correlation analyses used to explore gender differences in the study variables.FindingsThe structural equation model produced strong evidence to suggest that precariousness of life was a significant predictor of both anxiety and depression. Women reported significantly higher scores than men on distrust toward the professional future and the emotional consequences on everyday life, anxiety and depression. As hypothesized, the negative consequences of temporary work in personal and family life appear more evident in women.Practical implicationsThe results suggest that organizations should promote training courses on coping strategies to prevent the negative impact of precariousness of life aspects on anxiety and depression.Originality/valueThis study provides evidence supporting that temporary employment contributes to health consequences, which apply differently by gender. The study broadens understanding of temporary work management especially in regards to its health impact on female temporary workers. Furthermore, the Precariousness of Life Inventory has demonstrated an ability to tap into the latent factors of precariousness of life, revealing important gender differences and an ability to contribute to anxiety and depression.
Women managers to women employees: helping hands or competitive jerks?
Authors: Graber Pigeon Nancy , Cook Wendy , Nimnicht James L. 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to determine whether there was a difference between same vs opposite sex pairings in the mentor‐protégé relationship when it comes to salary and levels within the organization.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 612 manager/non‐manager dyads with all non‐managers being female. The organization was located in the Northwest section of the United States and was a large Fortune 500 manufacturing firm. All levels of the organization were utilized from entry level positions to vice presidents to measure how women fared under female vs male mentors.FindingsWomen with female mentor supervisors earn less than with male mentor supervisors. The disparity is even greater the younger the protégée. If the trend shown in this research continues, wages may drop for women in high levels of the organization with same‐ sex mentees.Research limitations/implicationsOne limitation of this research is the operationalization of a manager as a mentor. Supervisors were used as the mentor in most examples. Even if the participants in the study had self‐selected their mentors, it would still be expected that the participants would be successful. Another limitation to this research is that there was no direct assessment of the perceptions of the mentor/protégé relationship among the participants. More research needs to be done to understand why these trends were found which might include looking at personality traits, various characteristics, immutable traits, etc. Additionally, experimental longitudinal research should be done to arrive at a definitive conclusion. This research provides the impetus to study the phenomenon cross culturally, outside of the northwest and outside of the USA, etc.Practical implicationsThe practical implications for management may be that having women moving up the organizational hierarchy without the appropriate pay increase may save the company money in labor costs. But, as women recognize the disparity in income, they may request opposite sex mentors vs same sex mentors which may be a self‐limiting factor for organizations promoting women into higher level positions in the organization. Therefore, they may promote fewer women which would decrease their diversity efforts.Originality/valueMany researchers have reviewed the relationship between a mentee and a more seasoned organizational member. Formal and informal mentoring systems have been studied as well reviewing many variables. The research reviewing same vs opposite sex pairings in the mentor/protégé relationship demonstrates conflicting findings. This paper tests the result in salary and organizational level that the female protégé rises to if they have a female mentor vs male mentor.
Thousands of microsatellite loci from the venomous coralsnake Micrurus fulvius and variability of select loci across populations and related species
Authors: Castoe Todd A. , Streicher Jeffrey W. , Meik Jesse M. , Ingrasci Matthew J. , Poole Alexander W. , de Koning A. P. Jason , Campbell Jonathan A. , Parkinson Christopher L. , Smith Eric N. , Pollock David D. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractStudies of population genetics increasingly use next‐generation DNA sequencing to identify microsatellite loci in nonmodel organisms. There are, however, relatively few studies that validate the feasibility of transitioning from marker development to experimental application across populations and species. North American coralsnakes of the Micrurus fulvius species complex occur in the United States and Mexico, and little is known about their population structure and phylogenetic relationships. This absence of information and population genetics markers is particularly concerning because they are highly venomous and have important implications on human health. To alleviate this problem in coralsnakes, we investigated the feasibility of using 454 shotgun sequences for microsatellite marker development. First, a genomic shotgun library from a single individual was sequenced (approximately 7.74 megabases; 26 831 reads) to identify potentially amplifiable microsatellite loci (PALs). We then hierarchically sampled 76 individuals from throughout the geographic distribution of the species complex and examined whether PALs were amplifiable and polymorphic. Approximately half of the loci tested were readily amplifiable from all individuals, and 80% of the loci tested for variation were variable and thus informative as population genetic markers. To evaluate the repetitive landscape characteristics across multiple snakes, we also compared microsatellite content between the coralsnake and two other previously sampled snakes, the venomous copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix) and Burmese python (Python molurus).
S‐MDM4 mRNA overexpression indicates a poor prognosis and marks a potential therapeutic target in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Liu Ling , Fan Lei , Fang Cheng , Zou Zhi‐Jian , Yang Shu , Zhang Li‐Na , Li Jian‐Yong , Xu Wei 
Published: September 2012

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the prognostic significance of murine double minute 4 (MDM4) in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and to characterize the role of MDM4 in the p53 pathway. Full‐length MDM4 (FL‐MDM4), a splicing variant of MDM4 (S‐MDM4) and murine double minute 2 (MDM2) mRNA expressions were detected by quantitative PCR in 140 Chinese patients with CLL, and primary CLL cells were treated in vitro with either fludarabine or Nutlin‐3 to explore the interaction between p53 status and MDM4 or MDM2 expression. A marked increase of FL‐MDM4 and S‐MDM4 expressions were observed in the CLL patients with p53 aberrations (deletion and/or mutation) (P = 0.024, P < 0.001). A high level of S‐MDM4 mRNA expression was associated with short treatment free survival (TFS) (P = 0.004). FL‐MDM4 expression was significantly decreased after fludarabine treatment (P = 0.001) but increased after Nutlin‐3 treatment (P = 0.008) of primary CLL cells without p53 aberrations. Both S‐MDM4 and MDM2 expressions were significantly increased after fludarabine treatment of CLL cells without p53 aberrations (P = 0.013 and P = 0.030). MDM2 overexpression also occurred in CLL cells with p53 wild type after Nutlin‐3 treatment (P = 0.018). FL‐MDM4 and S‐MDM4 overexpression are indicators of p53 aberrations in CLL patients, suggesting that those patients have a poor prognosis. FL‐MDM4 inhibitory effects on p53 can be removed by MDM2‐p53 and saved by Nutlin‐3.
Prognostic value of human papillomavirus and squamous cell carcinoma antigen in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Deng Zeyi , Hasegawa Masahiro , Yamashita Yukashi , Matayoshi Sen , Kiyuna Asanori , Agena Shinya , Uehara Takayuki , Maeda Hiroyuki , Suzuki Mikio 
Published: September 2012

To clarify the synergistic influence of human papillomavirus (HPV) status and squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) mRNA expression on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) prognosis, HPV DNA presence and SCCA1 and SCCA2 mRNA expression were determined by PCR and quantitative real‐time RT‐PCR, respectively, in 121 patients with primary HNSCC who were receiving curative treatment. HPV DNA was detected in 28.1% (34/121) of HNSCC cases, and only high‐risk types (HPV‐16, HPV‐33, HPV‐35 and HPV‐58) were observed. Positive HPV status showed a significantly better prognosis than negative HPV status (P = 0.022). An elevated SCCA2/SCCA1 mRNA ratio was an independent predictor of disease recurrence (P = 0.004). In addition, HPV‐negative patients with a high SCCA2/SCCA1 ratio (>0.27) had a significantly lower recurrence‐free survival rate than HPV‐negative patients with a low SCCA2/SCCA1 ratio (P < 0.011). Our findings revealed that both HPV status and the SCCA2/SCCA1 mRNA ratio are independently associated with prognosis in HNSCC. Patients with both a HPV‐negative status and a high SCCA2/SCCA1 ratio might need intensified treatment and rigorous follow up after treatment because of the high risk of recurrence.
Hypoglycaemia is associated with increased length of stay and mortality in people with diabetes who are hospitalized
Authors: Nirantharakumar K. , Marshall T. , Kennedy A. , Narendran P. , Hemming K. , Coleman J. J. 
Published: September 2012

Diabet. Med. 29, e445–e448 (2012)AbstractAim  To study the length of stay and inpatient mortality of patients with diabetes who had an episode of hypoglycaemia in a non critical care setting at University Hospital Birmingham, UK.Methods  Retrospective analysis of routinely available electronic data of 6374 admissions with a recording of either laboratory or point‐of‐care blood glucose value. Based on the lowest recorded blood glucose values, patients were categorized into a group without hypoglycaemia (> 3.9 mmol/l), a group with mild to moderate hypoglycaemia (2.3–3.9 mmol/l) and a group with severe hypoglycaemic (≤ 2.2 mmol/l). Length of stay and inpatient mortality were compared between the three groups, adjusting for age, gender, ethnicity, deprivation, admission type, use of insulin and modified Charlson co‐morbidity score.Results  There were 148 admissions (2.3%) with severe hypoglycaemia (≤ 2.2 mmol/l), 500 admissions (7.8%) with mild to moderate hypoglycaemia (2.2–3.9 mmol/l) and 5726 admissions with no recorded hypoglycaemic episode (> 3.9 mmol/l). After adjustment, length of stay, when compared with those without a recorded hypoglycaemic episode, was 1.51 (95% CI 1.35–1.68) times higher in the group with blood glucose values of 2.3–3.9 mmol/l and 2.33 (95% CI 1.91–2.84) higher in the group with blood glucose values ≤ 2.2 mmol/l. Adjusted odds ratio of inpatient mortality when compared with the group without hypoglycaemia was 1.62 (95% CI 1.16–2.27) in the group with blood glucose values of 2.3–3.9 mmol/l and 2.05 (95% CI 1.24–3.38) in the group with blood glucose values ≤ 2.2 mmol/l.Conclusion  Hypoglycaemia is associated with increased length of stay and inpatient mortality. Whilst causative evidence is lacking, our data are consistent with the need to avoid hypoglycaemia in our current and continued approach for optimal glycaemic control in people with diabetes admitted to hospital.
Taspoglutide, a once‐weekly glucagon‐like peptide 1 analogue, vs. insulin glargine titrated to target in patients with Type 2 diabetes: an open‐label randomized trial
Authors: Nauck M. , Horton E. , Andjelkovic M. , Ampudia‐Blasco F. J. , Parusel C. T. , Boldrin M. , Balena R. ,   for the T‐emerge 5 Study Group
Published: September 2012

AbstractAims  To compare the efficacy and safety of once‐weekly taspoglutide with insulin glargine in patients with advanced Type 2 diabetes failing metformin and sulphonylurea combination therapy.Methods  This open‐label, parallel‐group, multi‐centre trial randomized 1049 patients continuing metformin 1:1:1 to taspoglutide 10 mg once weekly, taspoglutide 20 mg once weekly or insulin glargine once daily with forced titration to fasting plasma glucose ≤ 6.1 mmol/l. Sulphonylureas were discontinued before randomization. The primary endpoint was change in HbA1c after 24 weeks.Results  After 24 weeks, least‐square mean changes from baseline in HbA1c in patients receiving taspoglutide 10 mg [−8 mmol/mol (se 1)] [−0.77% (se 0.05)] or taspoglutide 20 mg [−11 mmol/mol (se 1)] [−0.98% (se 0.05)] were non‐inferior to insulin glargine [−9 mmol/mol (se 1)] [−0.84% (se 0.05)]; treatment difference of 0.07% (95% CI −0.06 to 0.21) and −0.14% (95% CI −0.28 to −0.01), for taspoglutide 10 and 20 mg, respectively, vs. insulin glargine. Taspoglutide was associated with more adverse events (mainly gastrointestinal) and significantly less hypoglycaemia than insulin glargine.Conclusions  Compared with insulin glargine, taspoglutide provided non‐inferior HbA1c reductions associated with less hypoglycaemia, but more gastrointestinal adverse events.