bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of the Surgical Safety Checklist in Correcting Errors: A Literature Review Applying Reason's Swiss Cheese Model
Authors: Collins Susan J. , Newhouse Robin , Porter Jody , Talsma AkkeNeel 
Published: June 2014

AbstractApproximately 2,700 patients are harmed by wrong‐site surgery each year. The World Health Organization created the surgical safety checklist to reduce the incidence of wrong‐site surgery. A project team conducted a narrative review of the literature to determine the effectiveness of the surgical safety checklist in correcting and preventing errors in the OR. Team members used Swiss cheese model of error by Reason to analyze the findings. Analysis of results indicated the effectiveness of the surgical checklist in reducing the incidence of wrong‐site surgeries and other medical errors; however, checklists alone will not prevent all errors. Successful implementation requires perioperative stakeholders to understand the nature of errors, recognize the complex dynamic between systems and individuals, and create a just culture that encourages a shared vision of patient safety.
Psychiatric evaluation of women who were assisted at a university referral center in Campinas, Brazil, following an experience of sexual violence
Authors: Facuri Cláudia O. , Fernandes Arlete M.S. , Azevedo Renata C.S. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo present the sociodemographic characteristics and psychiatric symptoms of women who have been raped.MethodsBetween 2006 and 2010, a retrospective study was conducted of 468 women who underwent psychiatric evaluation at a university referral center in Brazil after an experience of sexual violence.ResultsThe women had a mean age of 24.1 years; were predominantly white, unmarried, childless, and employed; had 9–11 years of education; and had a religion. Rape was the first sexual intercourse for 124 (26.8%) of 462 for whom data were available; 53 (13.6%) of 389 had a personal history of sexual violence and 29 (8.0%) of 361 had a family history. No psychiatric symptoms were reported in 146 (32.9%) of 444 women, mild/short‐term symptoms were reported in 107 (24.1%), and a psychiatric diagnosis was made for 191 (43.0%). Psychiatric comorbidity was seen in 59 (12.6%) women, and 174 (38.0%) received pharmacologic treatment. All follow‐up consultations were attended by 215 (45.9%) of 468 women; 166 (35.5%) attended some, and 87 (18.6%) attended only one during the 6‐month follow‐up period.ConclusionThe frequency and severity of psychiatric symptoms and mental disorders among women who have been raped highlights the importance of mental health monitoring.
TRANSFORMING SOCIAL WELFARE POLICY: THE SAGES' RECONSTRUCTION OF THE INSTITUTION OF THE SECOND TITHE AS A MODEL FOR SOCIAL WELFARE POLICY
Authors: Libson Adi 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe academic discourse regarding welfare policy has generally been dominated by views focused on the distribution of resources and welfare. In recent years, another school of thought, known as “relational egalitarianism,” has emerged and shifted the focal point of social welfare policy from traditional redistribution to other aspects of social status. In this article, I will analyze a similar paradigm shift that occurred in the fashioning of the institution of the second tithe in the classical sources of Jewish law. The institution of the second tithe is ostensibly irrelevant to social welfare policy both from the internal perspective of Jewish law and from the external general-theoretical perspective. From the Jewish law perspective, it is not normally conceived of as an institution with a social-welfare goal, and from the general theoretical perspective, it seems to be an anachronistic institution that cannot enrich the modern theoretical discourse. In this article, I will try to expose the social role that was imbued in this institution through its reconstruction by the Sages. I argue that the concealed and indirect mechanism for the promotion of social goals may promote the social status of individuals in society more effectively than conventional social welfare mechanisms. In this respect, the reshaping of the second tithe may provide inspiration for enriching the arsenal of possible relational egalitarian social policy prescriptions.
A NOTE ON INITIAL SEGMENTS OF THE ENUMERATION DEGREES
Authors: SLAMAN THEODORE A. , SORBI ANDREA 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe show that no nontrivial principal ideal of the enumeration degrees is linearly ordered: in fact, below every nonzero enumeration degree one can embed every countable partial order. The result can be relativized above any total degree: if a,b are enumeration degrees, with a total, and a < b, then in the degree interval (a,b), one can embed every countable partial order.
GLIVENKO AND KURODA FOR SIMPLE TYPE THEORY
Authors: BROWN CHAD E. , RIZKALLAH CHRISTINE 
Published: June 2014

AbstractGlivenko’s theorem states that an arbitrary propositional formula is classically provable if and only if its double negation is intuitionistically provable. The result does not extend to full first-order predicate logic, but does extend to first-order predicate logic without the universal quantifier. A recent paper by Zdanowski shows that Glivenko’s theorem also holds for second-order propositional logic without the universal quantifier. We prove that Glivenko’s theorem extends to some versions of simple type theory without the universal quantifier. Moreover, we prove that Kuroda’s negative translation, which is known to embed classical first-order logic into intuitionistic first-order logic, extends to the same versions of simple type theory. We also prove that the Glivenko property fails for simple type theory once a weak form of functional extensionality is included.
EXAMPLES IN DEPENDENT THEORIES
Authors: KAPLAN ITAY , SHELAH SAHARON 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn the first part we show a counterexample to a conjecture by Shelah regarding the existence of indiscernible sequences in dependent theories (up to the first inaccessible cardinal). In the second part we discuss generic pairs, and give an example where the pair is not dependent. Then we define the notion of directionality which deals with counting the number of coheirs of a type and we give examples of the different possibilities. Then we discuss nonsplintering, an interesting notion that appears in the work of Rami Grossberg, Andrés Villaveces and Monica VanDieren, and we show that it is not trivial (in the sense that it can be different than splitting) whenever the directionality of the theory is not small. In the appendix we study dense types in RCF.
Fσ EQUIVALENCE RELATIONS AND LAVER FORCING
Authors: DOUCHA MICHAL 
Published: June 2014

AbstractFollowing the topic of the book Canonical Ramsey Theory on Polish Spaces by V. Kanovei, M. Sabok, and J. Zapletal we study Borel equivalences on Laver trees. We prove that equivalence relations Borel reducible to an equivalence relation on 2ω given by some FσP-ideal on ω can be canonized to the full equivalence relation or to the identity relation.This has several consequences, e.g., Silver type dichotomy for the Laver ideal and equivalences Borel reducible to equivalence relations given by FσP-ideals.
FRAGMENTS OF APPROXIMATE COUNTING
Authors: BUSS SAMUEL R. , KOŁODZIEJCZYK LESZEK ALEKSANDER , THAPEN NEIL 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe study the long-standing open problem of giving$\forall {\rm{\Sigma }}_1^b$separations for fragments of bounded arithmetic in the relativized setting. Rather than considering the usual fragments defined by the amount of induction they allow, we study Jeřábek’s theories for approximate counting and their subtheories. We show that the$\forall {\rm{\Sigma }}_1^b$Herbrandized ordering principle is unprovable in a fragment of bounded arithmetic that includes the injective weak pigeonhole principle for polynomial time functions, and also in a fragment that includes the surjective weak pigeonhole principle for FPNPfunctions. We further give new propositional translations, in terms of random resolution refutations, for the consequences of$T_2^1$augmented with the surjective weak pigeonhole principle for polynomial time functions.
ALMOST INDISCERNIBLE SEQUENCES AND CONVERGENCE OF CANONICAL BASES
Authors: YAACOV ITAÏ BEN , BERENSTEIN ALEXANDER , HENSON C. WARD 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe give a model-theoretic account for several results regarding sequences of random variables appearing in Berkes and Rosenthal [12]. In order to do this,•We study and compare three notions of convergence of types in a stable theory: logic convergence, i.e., formula by formula, metric convergence (both already well studied) and convergence of canonical bases. In particular, we characterise א0-categorical stable theories in which the last two agree.•We characterise sequences that admit almost indiscernible sub-sequences.•We apply these tools to the theory of atomless random variables (ARV). We characterise types and notions of convergence of types as conditional distributions and weak/strong convergence thereof, and obtain, among other things, the Main Theorem of Berkes and Rosenthal.
Association between the intake of α-linolenic acid and the risk of CHD
Authors: Vedtofte Mia Sadowa , Jakobsen Marianne U. , Lauritzen Lotte , O'Reilly Eilis J. , Virtamo Jarmo , Knekt Paul , Colditz Graham , Hallmans Göran , Buring Julie , Steffen Lyn M. , Robien Kimberly , Rimm Eric B. , Heitmann Berit L. 
Published: June 2014

The intake of the mainly plant-derived n-3 PUFA α-linolenic acid (ALA) has been reported to be associated with a lower risk of CHD. However, the results have been inconsistent. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to examine the association between the intake of ALA and the risk of CHD. Potential effect modification by the intake of long-chain n-3 PUFA (n-3 LCPUFA) was also investigated. Data from eight American and European prospective cohort studies including 148 675 women and 80 368 men were used. The outcome measure was incident CHD (CHD event and death). During 4–10 years of follow-up, 4493 CHD events and 1751 CHD deaths occurred. Among men, an inverse association (not significant) between the intake of ALA and the risk of CHD events and deaths was observed. For each additional gram of ALA consumed, a 15 % lower risk of CHD events (hazard ratios (HR) 0·85, 95 % CI 0·72, 1·01) and a 23 % lower risk of CHD deaths (HR 0·77, 95 % CI 0·58, 1·01) were observed. No consistent association was observed among women. No effect modification by the intake of n-3 LCPUFA was observed.
DECONSTRUCTING DATA PROTECTION: THE ‘ADDED-VALUE’ OF A RIGHT TO DATA PROTECTION IN THE EU LEGAL ORDER
Authors: Lynskey Orla 
Published: June 2014

AbstractArticle 8 of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights sets out a right to data protection which sits alongside, and in addition to, the established right to privacy in the Charter. The Charter's inclusion of an independent right to data protection differentiates it from other international human rights documents which treat data protection as a subset of the right to privacy. Its introduction and its relationship with the established right to privacy merit an explanation. This paper explores the relationship between the rights to data protection and privacy. It demonstrates that, to date, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) has consistently conflated the two rights. However, based on a comparison between the scope of the two rights as well as the protection they offer to individuals whose personal data are processed, it claims that the two rights are distinct. It argues that the right to data protection provides individuals with more rights over more types of data than the right to privacy. It suggests that the enhanced control over personal data provided by the right to data protection serves two purposes: first, it proactively promotes individual personality rights which are threatened by personal data processing and, second, it reduces the power and information asymmetries between individuals and those who process their data. For these reasons, this paper suggests that there ought to be explicit judicial recognition of the distinction between the two rights.
Calculation of Average Collision Cross Sections of Low Energy for Elastic e-Ar Scattering Using MERT4
Authors: Hassanpour S. , Nguyen-Kuok S. 
Published: June 2014

Cross sections in the very low energy range are also represented by the modified effective-range theory (MERT) for low-energy electron scattering from the rare gas (argon). Simulations using published (theoretical) phase shifts indicate that extended versions of the standard effective-range theory with four adjustable parameters are required to give an adequate description of the phase shifts for argon. A four-parameter MERT fit gives a good representation of a recent electron–argon (e-Ar) total cross section experiment at energies less than 10.0 eV. Cross section Q(l) (E) for collision in dilute gases is given for any order l. Here Q(l) (E) are presented for l = 1. . .6. We present calculations for the elastic cross sections for electron scattering from argon. The improvement in the agreement between our theoretical calculations and the experimental measurements in the case of argon in scattering calculations are showed. Differential scattering experiments have been performed for the systems e-Ar in the energy range E = 0–10 eV and the angular range θ = 0–20° using a crossed-beam arrangement. Differential and integrated cross sections for the elastic scattering of low- and intermediate-energy (0–50 eV) electrons by argon atoms are calculated. For each impact energy, the phase shifts of the lower partial waves are obtained exactly by numerical integration of the radial equation. Transport coefficients of argon plasma are requested exactly, which is why we calculated the average collision cross sections for s = 1. . .11, l = 1. . .6.
The origins of malaria: there are more things in heaven and earth …
Authors: KEELING P. J. , RAYNER J. C. 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARYMalaria remains one of the most significant global public health burdens, with nearly half of the world's population at risk of infection. Malaria is not however a monolithic disease – it can be caused by multiple different parasite species of thePlasmodiumgenus, each of which can induce different symptoms and pathology, and which pose quite different challenges for control. Furthermore, malaria is in no way restricted to humans. There arePlasmodiumspecies that have adapted to infect most warm-blooded vertebrate species, and the genus as a whole is both highly successful and highly diverse. How, where and when human malaria parasites originated from within this diversity has long been a subject of fascination and sometimes also controversy. The past decade has seen the publication of a number of important discoveries about malaria parasite origins, all based on the application of molecular diagnostic tools to new sources of samples. This review summarizes some of those recent discoveries and discusses their implication for our current understanding of the origin and evolution of thePlasmodiumgenus. The nature of these discoveries and the manner in which they are made are then used to lay out a series of opportunities and challenges for the next wave of parasite hunters.
The evolution of parasitism in Nematoda
Authors: BLAXTER MARK , KOUTSOVOULOS GEORGIOS 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARYNematodes are abundant and diverse, and include many parasitic species. Molecular
phylogenetic analyses have shown that parasitism of plants and animals has
arisen at least 15 times independently. Extant nematode species also display
lifestyles that are proposed to be on the evolutionary trajectory to parasitism.
Recent advances have permitted the determination of the genomes and
transcriptomes of many nematode species. These new data can be used to further
resolve the phylogeny of Nematoda, and identify possible genetic patterns
associated with parasitism. Plant-parasitic nematode genomes show evidence of
horizontal gene transfer from other members of the rhizosphere, and these genes
play important roles in the parasite-host interface. Similar horizontal transfer
is not evident in animal parasitic groups. Many nematodes have bacterial
symbionts that can be essential for survival. Horizontal transfer from symbionts
to the nematode is also common, but its biological importance is unclear. Over
100 nematode species are currently targeted for sequencing, and these data will
yield important insights into the biology and evolutionary history of
parasitism. It is important that these new technologies are also applied to
free-living taxa, so that the pre-parasitic ground state can be inferred, and
the novelties associated with parasitism isolated.
Recent trends in type-specific HPV infection rates in the United States
Authors: DICKSON E. L. , VOGEL R. I. , LUO X. , DOWNS L. S. 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARYThis study examined recent trends in type-specific HPV infection rates in women referred for HPV typing as part of cervical cancer screening in the United States. HPV analyses were performed from March 2004 to March 2011. Women were aged 21–65 years at testing. The 18 most prevalent HPV types were analysed. Type-specific HPV infection rates were estimated in 3-month blocks. Lowess smoothing was used to examine time trends in infection rates for each HPV type, both combined, and separated by age group (younger women 21–30 years, older women 31–64 years). A total of 220914 women were included in the final analysis. The number of HPV tests performed on the younger age group increased, with the number of HPV infections and multiple type HPV infections decreasing. When separated by HPV type-specific analysis, the majority of HPV infection rates decreased; however, HPV types 61 and 83 increased. When analysing the older age group, there was a marked increase of the number of HPV tests. Overall, the rates of any HPV infection, as well as multiple type infections, were lower compared to the younger age group. The change in type-specific HPV rates in the older age group was minimal, with many rates remaining the same. In this population of women, overall rates of HPV infection decreased, while the number of HPV tests increased. Younger women had a more marked decrease in HPV infection rates, while for older women type-specific HPV infection rates appear consistent.
Inhibitory control as a mediator of bidirectional effects between early oppositional behavior and maternal depression
Authors: Choe Daniel Ewon , Shaw Daniel S. , Brennan Lauretta M. , Dishion Thomas J. , Wilson Melvin N. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractMaternal depression is an established risk factor for child conduct problems, but relatively few studies have tested whether children's behavioral problems exacerbate mothers' depression or whether other child behavioral characteristics (e.g., self-regulation) may mediate bidirectional effects between maternal depression and child disruptive behavior. This longitudinal study examined the parallel growth of maternal depressive symptoms and child oppositional behavior from ages 2 to 5; the magnitude and timing of their bidirectional effects; and whether child inhibitory control, a temperament-based self-regulatory mechanism, mediated effects between maternal depression and child oppositionality. A randomized control trial of 731 at-risk families assessed children annually from ages 2 to 5. Transactional models demonstrated positive and bidirectional associations between mothers' depressive symptoms and children's oppositional behavior from ages 2 to 3, with a less consistent pattern of reciprocal relations up to age 5. Mediation of indirect mother–child effects and child evocative effects depended on the rater of children's inhibitory control. Findings are discussed in regard to how child evocative effects and self-regulatory mechanisms may clarify the transmission of psychopathology within families.
Comparison of vitrification and conventional freezing for cryopreservation of caprine embryos
Authors: Araújo-Lemos Paula F.B. , Freitas Neto Leopoldo M. , Moura Marcelo T. , Melo Janaína V. , Lima Paulo F. , Oliveira Marcos A.L. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryThe experiment aimed to compare conventional freezing and different vitrification protocols for cryopreservation of caprine embryos at morphological, ultrastructural, and functional levels. Caprine embryos produced in vivo were allocated randomly to three groups: (1) conventional freezing with ethylene glycol (EG); (2) dimethyl sulfoxide + EG (DMSO/EG) vitrification; and (3) dimethylformamide + EG (DMF/EG) vitrification. All groups were scored for cell viability (propidium iodide staining and ultrastructural levels) and re-expansion rate after thawing or warming. Embryos subjected to DMSO/EG vitrification showed higher cell viability (73.33%), compared with DMF/EG vitrification and conventional freezing group embryos (40.00 and 66.66%, respectively). The ultrastructural study revealed that vitrified embryos had greater preservation of cellular structure than embryos from conventional freezing with EG. DMSO/EG vitrification resulted in higher rates of re-expansion in vitro (47.36%) than DMF/EG vitrification (31.58%), and conventional freezing (25.00%). In conclusion, caprine embryos produced in vivo are better cryopreserved after vitrification than conventional freezing, therefore we conclude that DMSO/EG vitrification is the most effective protocol for cryopreservation.
Merging Clinical Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging to Evaluate the Construct Validity and Neural Network Engagement of then-Back Task
Authors: Kearney-Ramos Tonisha E. , Fausett Jennifer S. , Gess Jennifer L. , Reno Ashley , Peraza Jennifer , Kilts Clint D. , James G. Andrew 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThen-back task is a widely used neuroimaging paradigm for studying the neural basis of working memory (WM); however, its neuropsychometric properties have received little empirical investigation. The present study merged clinical neuropsychology and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to explore the construct validity of the letter variant of then-back task (LNB) and to further identify the task-evoked networks involved in WM. Construct validity of the LNB task was investigated using a bootstrapping approach to correlate LNB task performance across clinically validated neuropsychological measures of WM to establish convergent validity, as well as measures of related but distinct cognitive constructs (i.e., attention and short-term memory) to establish discriminant validity. Independent component analysis (ICA) identified brain networks active during the LNB task in 34 healthy control participants, and general linear modeling determined task-relatedness of these networks. Bootstrap correlation analyses revealed moderate to high correlations among measures expected to converge with LNB (|ρ|≥0.37) and weak correlations among measures expected to discriminate (|ρ|≤0.29), controlling for age and education. ICA identified 35 independent networks, 17 of which demonstrated engagement significantly related to task condition, controlling for reaction time variability. Of these, the bilateral frontoparietal networks, bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortices, bilateral superior parietal lobules including precuneus, and frontoinsular network were preferentially recruited by the 2-back condition compared to 0-back control condition, indicating WM involvement. These results support the use of the LNB as a measure of WM and confirm its use in probing the network-level neural correlates of WM processing. (JINS, 2014,20, 1–15)