bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can livestock carrion availability influence diet of wintering red kites? Implications of sanitary policies in ecosystem services and conservation
Authors: Blanco Guillermo 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe diet of wintering red kites Milvus milvus over the last decade in central Spain was recorded to evaluate the influence of sanitary policies on carcasses use. The results show major differences in diet composition of red kites wintering in areas with and without availability of livestock carcasses. In the area without livestock carcasses (north‐western Madrid province), red kites fed on a similarly large proportion of wild lagomorphs across the study period. In the area with livestock farming (Segovia province), red kites exploited carcasses from different livestock schemes (stabled livestock—primarily swine—versus free‐ranging ruminants) depending on changing sanitary regulations as consequence of the Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy or ‘mad cow’ crisis initiated in 2001. During the period of restrictive sanitary legislation (after the ‘mad cow’ crisis) that greatly limited the use of animal by‐products from ruminants as food for avian scavengers, kites mostly predated on common voles and scavenged on swine carcasses. After the implementation of the less restrictive regulations (since 2011; regulations CE1069/2009, CE142/2011) that again permitted the abandonment of extensive livestock remains in the countryside and in feeding stations, the proportion of ruminants in the kites’ diet increased while the proportion of swine carrion decreased. Carcass dumps acted as temporally and spatially predictable sources of abundant food from stabled livestock before and even just after the mad‐cow crisis, but become relatively unpredictable foraging places afterwards due to the generalized carrion destruction in authorized plants, primarily of swine considered as non‐risk for the transmission of the bovine encephalopathy. This illustrates the deep and sometimes unexpected consequences that sanitary policies can impose on the composition and availability of food resources for scavenger wildlife. Much effort is still required to reconcile sanitary and environmental policies in order to ensure the conservation of avian scavengers and the provision of ecosystem services.
Environmental filters and patterns of tree regeneration in high altitude sub‐tropicalQuercus‐dominated forests
Authors: Olvera‐Vargas Miguel , Figueroa‐Rangel Blanca Lorena , Guzmán Ramón Cuevas 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe investigated how environmental variables explain patterns of tree regeneration in high altitude sub‐tropicalQuercus‐dominated forests by: (1) determining whether the seedling and sapling communities show non‐random spatial patterns of floristic composition; (2) identifying which environmental variables explain the observed patterns of floristic composition; (3) examining if similarity in floristic composition is related to similarity in environmental variables. We used data gathered in permanent plots established across 10 km in high altitude sub‐tropicalQuercus‐dominated forests. Our analyses consisted of unconstrained ordination analyses (Non‐metric Multidimensional Scaling) to characterize the spatial patterns of floristic composition; constrained ordination analyses (Canonical correspondence analysis) to assess the contribution of environmental variables in explaining patterns of floristic composition and, the simple and partial Mantel test to correlate the floristic composition similarity to environmental similarity. Our results provided evidence of non‐random spatial patterns of floristic distribution due to structured environmental filters such as canopy‐related variables, litter, grazing and aspect. Floristic compositional similarity did not depend on geographical distance between sites or on differences in their environment; therefore a number of plots were similar in floristic composition, in both seedlings and saplings, but have no environmental similarity.
Building bridges: experiences and lessons learned from the implementation of INSPIRE and e-reporting of air quality data in Europe
Authors: Kotsev Alexander , Peeters Olav , Smits Paul , Grothe Michel 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The collection, exchange and use of air quality data require diverse monitoring, processing and dissemination systems to work seamlessly together. These systems should supply data in a format usable for other applications such as planning, assessing population exposure and environmental impact assessment. As air quality does not change abruptly near national borders, international cooperation within this domain is highly desirable. This manuscript reports lessons learned during the implementation phase of one the world’s largest data harmonisation effort of environmental information infrastructures, INSPIRE, a backbone of a European wide spatial data reporting system which involves an unprecedented number of actors and volumes of data. It is important within the context of the Digital Earth concept and the establishment of a global spatial data infrastructure (SDI) through the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS), as the quality of ambient air is among the most pressing contemporary environmental problems. We summarise our findings from the perspective of national public authorities, obliged by law to transmit standardised spatio-temporal data to streamline reporting and facilitate the use of information, while keeping public expenditure under control. To develop implementation strategies for these type of e-reporting data flows we established a cross-border case study, looking at the process of harmonisation and exchange of data in Belgium and the Netherlands based on interoperable standards. Our results cover the legal, semantic, technological and organisational aspects of reporting. They are relevant to a cross-thematic audience having to undergo similar processes of reporting, such as climate change, environmental noise, marine, biodiversity, water management, etc.
Application of Concepts From Cross-Recurrence Analysis in Speech Production: An Overview and Comparison With Other Nonlinear Methods
Authors: Lancia Leonardo , Fuchs Susanne , Tiede Mark 
Published: May 2014

PurposeThe aim of this article was to introduce an important tool, cross-recurrence analysis, to speech production applications by showing how it can be adapted to evaluate the similarity of multivariate patterns of articulatory motion. The method differs from classical applications of cross-recurrence analysis because no phase space reconstruction is conducted, and a cleaning algorithm removes the artifacts from the recurrence plot. The main features of the proposed approach are robustness to nonstationarity and efficient separation of amplitude variability from temporal variability.MethodThe authors tested these claims by applying their method to synthetic stimuli whose variability had been carefully controlled. The proposed method was also demonstrated in a practical application: It was used to investigate the role of biomechanical constraints in articulatory reorganization as a consequence of speeded repetition of CVCV utterances containing a labial and a coronal consonant.ResultsOverall, the proposed approach provided more reliable results than other methods, particularly in the presence of high variability.ConclusionThe proposed method is a useful and appropriate tool for quantifying similarity and dissimilarity in patterns of speech articulator movement, especially in such research areas as speech errors and pathologies, where unpredictable divergent behavior is expected.Supplemental Materialhttps://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6170444
Full‐wavefield migration of vertical seismic profiling data: using all multiples to extend the illumination area
Authors: Soni A.K. , Verschuur D.J. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTVertical seismic profiling data can provide a high‐resolution reservoir image because the receivers are located close to the reservoir and, hence, the wavefield encounters less distortion in the overburden compared to surface seismic data. However, conventional migration of vertical seismic profiling data using only upgoing primary wavefields often suffers from poor illumination, imaging artefacts and low image reliability, especially at image locations away from the well. We propose full‐wavefield migration to image vertical seismic profiling data using the primaries and all orders of surface multiples and internal multiples. The downgoing internal or surface multiples are treated as an additional source of illumination. In full‐wavefield migration, we aim to estimate a high‐resolution reflectivity image of the subsurface with this extended illumination. The algorithm is recursive in depth like conventional wavefield extrapolation‐based migration, however, it incorporates the non‐linear transmission and scattering effects at each depth level. Further, full‐wavefield migration is posed as a constrained least‐squares inversion problem that could be solved using a conjugate gradient method. We propose an iterative full‐wavefield forward modelling engine as the backbone of this inversion scheme. The parameter used in the modelling is subsurface reflectivity. Full‐wavefield modelling iteratively incorporates the non‐linearity of the wavefield due to multiple scattering, where every iteration utilizes one higher order of scattered wavefields to estimate the subsurface reflectivity. In addition, the constrained inversion helps in reducing the extrapolation artefacts and provides a high‐resolution image of the reservoir. In this paper, we discuss the concept of full‐wavefield migration and demonstrate its potential as an imaging tool for vertical seismic profiling data using synthetic examples.
Vertical seismic optical profiling on wireline logging cable
Authors: Hartog Arthur , Frignet Bernard , Mackie Duncan , Clark Mike 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTVertical seismic profiles are usually acquired by deploying downhole seismic sensors below a wireline logging cable. A seismic source is triggered at surface while recording the downhole vibration via the wireline cable. In this paper, an alternative approach based on distributed vibration measurement is tested using wireline deployment for the first time.Local axial strain of a multi‐kilometre fibre optic line is measured at intervals of approximately 1 m and processed to a spatial resolution of 10 m with sub nanometer strain resolution by an optical interrogation device (distributed vibration/acoustic sensing). When deployed in a well, the optical fibre line should be mechanically coupled to the borehole wall to generate valid seismic records.A conventional vertical seismic profile was acquired with three‐component sensors in a vertical well near Bottesford, UK. The impulsive seismic source was a novel portable airgun tank. Clear seismic reflections are observed within and below the borehole, in agreement with surface seismic data. A single shot generated equivalent data with an experimental optical wireline logging cable and an adequate optical interrogator at the surface. The main difference between the two records is the presence of a strong tube wave in the optical profile, which can be easily removed with conventional velocity filter processing. Corridor stacks from both conventional and optical profiles match each other and provide a reasonable tie to a nearby surface seismic line.
Language development of children born following intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) combined with assisted oocyte activation (AOA)
Authors: D'haeseleer Evelien , Vanden Meerschaut Frauke , Bettens Kim , Luyten Anke , Gysels Hannelore , Thienpont Ylenia , De Witte Griet , Heindryckx Björn , Oostra Ann , Roeyers Herbert , Sutter Petra De , van Lierde Kristiane 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe effect of assisted reproduction technology (ART) on language development is still unclear. Moreover, different techniques are introduced at rapid pace and are not always accompanied by extensive follow‐up programmes.AimsTo investigate the language development of 3–10‐year‐old children born following ART using intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) combined with assisted oocyte activation (AOA), which is a highly specialized technique applied in cases with a history of fertilization failure following conventional ICSI. Secondly, a comparison is made between the language development of singletons and twins.Methods & ProceduresTwenty children, six boys and 14 girls, born following ICSI combined with AOA and older than 3 years were included in the study. The mean age of the children was 5;4 years (range = 3;1–10;4 years; SD = 1;8 years). Expressive and receptive language development were assessed using the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals (CELF‐IV‐NL) for children older than 5 years and the Reynell Developmental Language Scales (RTOS) for children younger than or equal to 5 years.Outcomes & ResultsThe mean total score for language ability (in percentiles) was 56.8 (SD = 33.6), which corresponds to normal language skills. Significantly higher scores were found for AOA singletons compared with twins. For the general language, none of the children scored within the clinical zone for language disability corresponding with a percentile lower than 5.Conclusion & ImplicationsThis study presents the first data concerning language outcome in 3–10‐year‐old children born following AOA. General language scores of the AOA children in this study are located within the normal ranges. The language development of singletons was significantly better compared with twins. Although the results are reassuring for language development, in future long‐term follow‐up studies in this population are necessary.
Communicative strategies used by spouses of individuals with communication disorders related to stroke‐induced aphasia and Parkinson's disease
Authors: Carlsson Emilia , Hartelius Lena , Saldert Charlotta 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundA communicative disability interferes with the affected person's ability to take active part in social interaction, but non‐disabled communication partners may use different strategies to support communication. However, it is not known whether similar strategies can be used to compensate for different types of communicative disabilities, nor what factors contribute to the development of a particular approach by communication partners.AimsTo develop a set of categories to describe the strategies used by communication partners of adults who have problems expressing themselves due to neurogenic communicative disabilities. The reliability of assessment was a particular focus.Methods & ProceduresThe material explored consisted of 21 video‐recorded everyday conversations involving seven couples where one spouse had a communicative disability. Three of the dyads included a person with dysarthria and anomia related to later stages of Parkinson's disease, while four of them included a person with stroke‐induced aphasia involving anomia. First a qualitative interaction analysis was performed to explore the strategies used by the communication partners when their spouses had problems expressing themselves. The strategies were then categorized, the reliability of the categorizations was explored and the relative frequency of the various strategies was examined.Outcomes & ResultsThe analysis of the conversational interactions resulted in a set of nine different strategies used by the communication partners without a communicative disability. Each of these categories belonged to one of three overall themes: No participation in repair; Request for clarification or modification; and Providing candidate solutions. The reliability of the categorization was satisfactory. There were no statistically significant differences between diagnoses in the frequency of use of strategies, but the spouses of the persons with Parkinson's disease tended to use open‐class initiations of repair more often than the spouses of the persons with aphasia.Conclusions & ImplicationsThe types of strategies used by spouses of persons with neurogenic communicative disabilities seem to be more strongly associated with individual characteristics of communicative ability than with the type of disorder involved. The set of categories developed in this study needs to be trialled on larger groups of participants, and modified if and as necessary, before it can be regarded as a valid system for the description of such strategies in general. Once this has been done it may become a useful instrument in the assessment of the strategies used by communication partners of individuals with communicative disabilities.
Professional breastfeeding support for first‐time mothers: a multicentre cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Fu ICY , Fong DYT , Heys M , Lee ILY , Sham A , Tarrant M 
Published: May 2014

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of two postnatal professional support interventions on the duration of any and exclusive breastfeeding.DesignMulticentre, three‐arm, cluster randomised controlled trial.PopulationA cohort of 722 primiparous breastfeeding mothers with uncomplicated, full‐term pregnancies.MethodsThe three study interventions were: (1) standard postnatal maternity care; (2) standard care plus three in‐hospital professional breastfeeding support sessions, of 30–45 minutes in duration; or (2) standard care plus weekly post‐discharge breastfeeding telephone support, of 20–30 minutes in duration, for 4 weeks. The interventions were delivered by four trained research nurses, who were either highly experienced registered midwives or certified lactation consultants.Main outcome measuresPrevalence of any and exclusive breastfeeding at 1, 2, and 3 months postpartum.ResultsRates of any and exclusive breastfeeding were higher among participants in the two intervention groups at all follow‐up points, when compared with those who received standard care. Participants receiving telephone support were significantly more likely to continue any breastfeeding at 1 month (76.2 versus 67.3%; odds ratio, OR 1.63, 95% confidence interval, 95% CI 1.10–2.41) and at 2 months (58.6 versus 48.9%; OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.04–2.10), and to be exclusively breastfeeding at 1 month (28.4 versus 16.9%; OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.24–2.90). Participants in the in‐hospital support group were also more likely to be breastfeeding at all time points, but the effect was not statistically significant.ConclusionsProfessional breastfeeding telephone support provided early in the postnatal period, and continued for the first month postpartum, improves breastfeeding duration among first‐time mothers. It is also possible that it was the continuing nature of the support that increased the effectiveness of the intervention, rather than the delivery of the support by telephone specifically.
Are Trade Size‐Based Inferences About Traders Reliable? Evidence from Institutional Earnings‐Related Trading
Authors: CREADY WILLIAM , KUMAS ABDULLAH , SUBASI MUSA 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTThe use of observed transaction sizes to differentiate between “small” and “large” investor trading patterns is widespread. A significant concern in such studies is spurious effects attributable to misclassification of transactions, particularly those originating from large investors. Such effects can arise unintentionally, strategically, or endogenously. We examine comprehensive records of a sample of institutional investors (i.e., “large” traders), including their order sizes and overall position changes, to assess the degree to which such misclassifications give rise to spurious inferences about “small” and “large” investor trading activities. Our analysis shows that these institutions are heavily involved in small transaction activity. It also shows that they increase their order sizes substantially in announcement periods relative to nonannouncement periods, presumably as an endogenous response to earnings news. In the immediate earnings announcement period, transaction size‐based inferences about directional trading are quite misleading—producing spurious “small trader” effects and, more surprisingly, erroneous inferences about “large trader” activity.
Detoxification of insecticides, allechemicals and heavy metals by glutathione S‐transferase SlGSTE1 in the gut of Spodoptera litura
Authors: Xu Zhi‐Bin , Zou Xiao‐Peng , Zhang Ni , Feng Qi‐Li , Zheng Si‐Chun 
Published: May 2014

AbstractInsect glutathione S‐transferases (GSTs) play important roles in detoxifying toxic compounds and eliminating oxidative stress caused by these compounds. In this study, detoxification activity of the epsilon GST SlGSTE1 in Spodoptera litura was analyzed for several insecticides and heavy metals. SlGSTE1 was significantly up‐regulated by chlorpyrifos and xanthotoxin in the midgut of S. litura. The recombinant SlGSTE1 had Vmax (reaction rate of the enzyme saturated with the substrate) and Km (michaelis constant and equals to the substrate concentration at half of the maximum reaction rate of the enzyme) values of 27.95 ± 0.88 μmol/min/mg and 0.87 ± 0.028 mmol/L for glutathione, respectively, and Vmax and Km values of 22.96 ± 0.78 μmol/min/mg and 0.83 ± 0.106 mmol/L for 1‐chloro‐2,4‐dinitrobenzene, respectively. In vitro enzyme indirect activity assay showed that the recombinant SlGSTE1 possessed high binding activities to the insecticides chlorpyrifos, deltamethrin, malathion, phoxim and dichloro‐diphenyl‐trichloroethane (DDT). SlGSTE1 showed higher binding activity to toxic heavy metals cadmium, chromium and lead than copper and zinc that are required for insect normal growth. Western blot analysis showed that SlGSTE1 was induced in the gut of larvae fed with chlorpyrifos or cadmium. SlGSTE1 also showed high peroxidase activity. All the results together indicate that SlGSTE1 may play an important role in the gut of S. litura to protect the insect from the toxic effects of these compounds and heavy metals.
EXPLAINING THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN INCARCERATION AND DIVORCE
Authors: SIENNICK SONJA E. , STEWART ERIC A. , STAFF JEREMY 
Published: May 2014

Recent studies have suggested that incarceration dramatically increases the odds of divorce, but we know little about the mechanisms that explain the association. This study uses prospective longitudinal data from a subset of married young adults in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (N = 1,919) to examine whether incarceration is associated with divorce indirectly via low marital love, economic strain, relationship violence, and extramarital sex. The findings confirmed that incarcerations occurring during, but not before, a marriage were associated with an increased hazard of divorce. Incarcerations occurring during marriage also were associated with less marital love, more relationship violence, more economic strain, and greater odds of extramarital sex. Above‐average levels of economic strain were visible among respondents observed preincarceration, but only respondents observed postincarceration showed less marital love, more relationship violence, and higher odds of extramarital sex than did respondents who were not incarcerated during marriage. These relationship problems explained approximately 40 percent of the association between incarceration and marital dissolution. These findings are consistent with theoretical predictions that a spouse's incarceration alters the rewards and costs of the marriage and the relative attractiveness of alternative partners.