bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epigenetic Regulation of Survivin by Bmi1 Is Cell Type Specific During Corticogenesis and in Gliomas
Authors: Acquati Serena , Greco Azzura , Licastro Danilo , Bhagat Heeta , Ceric Dario , Rossini Zefferino , Grieve Joan , Shaked-Rabi Maya , Henriquez Nick V. , Brandner Sebastian , Stupka Elia , Marino Silvia 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Polycomb group proteins are essential regulators of stem cell function during embryonic development and in adult tissue homeostasis. Bmi1, a key component of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 1, is highly expressed in undifferentiated neural stem cells (NSC) as well as in several human cancers including high-grade gliomas—highly aggressive brain tumors. Using a conditional gene activation approach in mice, we show that overexpression of Bmi1 induces repressive epigenetic regulation of the promoter of Survivin, a well-characterized antiapoptotic protein. This phenomenon is cell type-specific and it leads to apoptotic death of progenitor cells exclusively upon commitment toward a neuronal fate. Moreover, we show that this is triggered by increased oxidative stress-induced DNA damage. In contrast, undifferentiated NSC as well as glioma-initiating cells display an open chromatin configuration at the Survivin promoter and do not undergo apoptotic death. These findings raise the possibility that normal and neoplastic stem cells depend on the same mechanism for surviving the hyperproliferative state induced by increased Bmi1 expression.
Visualization system for electrical power consumption and its evaluation
Authors: Kon Saytaro , Kasai Yuji , Murakawa Masahiro , Higuchi Tetsuya 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA visualization system for power consumption has been developed. This system has two power measurement devices: a smart power strip that assesses each attached electric device; and a power sensor on the power distribution board. To verify the effectiveness of this system, an evaluation system has also been developed. Results indicate that the relative deviation of the visualization system is around 1% and that its uncertainties are less than 0.4% at 500 W/50 Hz. IEEJ Trans 2011 DOI: 10.1002/tee.21800
Statistical inference for ratiometric imaging of excitable cells: a self‐organizing state‐space model
Authors: Iwahashi Ryouhei , Tateno Takashi 
Published: November 2012

AbstractConcentrations of free intracellular calcium ions ([Ca2+]i) in excitable cells are often measured using indicator dyes, such as fura‐2. Of note, however, these indicator dyes are divalent metal ion chelators that affect intrinsic changes in [Ca2+]i. To examine whether indicator dyes alter calcium signaling, we estimated [Ca2+]i using a novel statistical inference method that examines fluorescence signals and the calcium current through the cell membrane. We first constructed a model of transient [Ca2+]i, which was then translated into a state‐space model with such state variables as [Ca2+]i, endogenous calcium buffer, and calcium indicators. Then, a self‐organizing state‐space model was defined by augmenting a state vector with unknown parameters from the original state‐space model. In the model, some unknown parameters were estimated with the original state vector. Next, we used a recursive Bayesian estimation to obtain a set of state vectors and the unknown parameters associated with a set of observation vectors. To calculate the recursive Bayesian estimation, we used a sequential Monte Carlo method, which is referred to as a particle filter method. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, we carried out experiments with a set of test data from a model with known parameters. The results show that our proposed method properly estimated the temporal profiles of [Ca2+]i, the indicator dye concentration, and certain model parameters in a noisy environment. © 2012 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The Protonation of Acetamide and Thioacetamide in Super­acidic Solutions: Crystal Structures of [H3CC(OH)NH2]+AsF6– and [H3CC(SH)NH2]+AsF6–
Authors: Axhausen Joachim , Ritter Cornelia , Lux Karin , Kornath Andreas 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAcetamide and thioacetamide react with the superacid solutions HF/MF5 (M = As, Sb) under formation of the corresponding salts [H3CC(OH)NH2]+MF6– and [H3CC(SH)NH2]+MF6– (M = As, Sb), respectively. The reaction of DF/AsF5 with acetamide and thioacetamide lead to the corresponding deuterated salts [H3CC(OD)ND2]+AsF6– and [H3CC(SD)ND2]+AsF6–, respectively. The salts are characterized by vibrational and NMR spectroscopy, and in the case of [H3CC(OH)NH2]+AsF6– and [H3CC(SH)NH2]+AsF6– also by single‐crystal X‐ray analyses. The [H3CC(OH)NH2]+AsF6– (1) salt crystallizes in the triclinic space group P$\bar{1}$ with two formula units per unit cell, and the [H3CC(SH)NH2]+AsF6– (2) salt crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with four formula units per unit cell. In both crystal structures three‐dimensional networks are observed which are formed by intra‐ and intermolecular N–H···F and O–H···F or S–H···F hydrogen bonds, respectively. For the vibrational analyses, quantum chemically calculated spectra of the cations [H3CC(OH)NH2·3HF]+ and [H3CC(SH)NH2·2HF]+ are considered.
Returns on Lifetime Investments in Children in Egypt
Authors: Cunningham Solveig A. , Yount Kathryn M. , Engelman Michal , Agree Emily 
Published: November 2012

AbstractParental expectations about the companionship and assistance they will receive in later life from their children are key considerations in family formation decisions. We explore patterns of parents’ investment and the support and contact they receive from adult children in Egypt, where fertility is falling and sources of support at all life stages are in flux. Using data from a survey of older adults in Ismailia governorate, we consider parents’ past investments in childbearing, child survival, and children’s education and marriage, as well as recent assistance to adult children via housing, care for grandchildren, gifts, and money. The returns from children considered include economic assistance, instrumental support, and visits. Most parental investments are associated with frequent visits from children. The assistance children provide to parents is gendered: sons tend to provide economic transfers, whereas daughters tend to provide instrumental help. A greater number of surviving children is most strongly associated with parents’ receipt of multiple types of later-life returns. Investments in children’s education and marriage are not associated with assistance, but recent assistance to children—especially economic transfers and provision of housing—is associated with receiving instrumental assistance from adult children.
The Hague Convention: Who is Protecting the Child?
Authors: Tetley Carmen 
Published: November 2012

The Hague Convention of 25 October 1980 on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction is a multilateral treaty that seeks to protect children from the harmful effects of abduction and retention across international boundaries by providing a procedure to bring about their prompt return. The ‘Child Abduction Section’ provides information about the operation of the Convention and the work of the Hague Conference in monitoring its implementation and promoting international co-operation in the area of child abduction. There are currently 58 member countries and 22 non-member countries. Australia signed the Convention five years after its introduction. The Family Law (Child Abduction) Regulations 1986 enshrined in Australian law the principles espoused in the Convention which came into force in 1987. The Regulations are to:
(a)secure the prompt return of children wrongfully removed to or retained in any contracting state, and(b)ensure that rights of custody and access under the law of one contracting state are effectively respected in the other contracting states.
This paper shows that the failure of Family Courts to take account of the effects of their actions on the development and best interests of children whose return is secured can add to the psychological abuse of those who were removed from their home countries to avoid sexual abuse and violence. It suggests that the exceptions in the regulations that allow a child to remain in the new country with the primary caregiver are being ignored.
‘It's Quite a Journey’: Australian Parents’ Experience of Adopting Older Children from Overseas Orphanages
Authors: Alessia Kate , Roufeil Louise 
Published: November 2012

Intercountry adoption, often of children post-infancy, is one way of forming a family in Australia. However, few studies have invited Australian parents who have incorporated older children into their family to tell their story. Fathers are under-represented in studies of parenting generally and adoptive parenting specifically.As part requirement for a clinical psychology dissertation, with ethics approval from the relevant university, 28 parents (13 fathers and 15 mothers) were interviewed about their experiences of adopting children over the age of 24 months from orphanages in China, Ethiopia, India and Thailand. Although parents’ experiences and recollections were diverse, almost all parents had been confronted by difficult child behaviours, at least initially. Contrary to previous research, the child's gender, age or duration of institutional care did not appear related to parental experience.Six major themes emerged from parent interviews: (1) the long wait and intense emotions of adoption; (2) disparity between expectations and reality; (3) recognition of children's difficult past experiences; (4) parenting as a path to self-discovery; (5) the perception of needing to present as coping; and (6) unmet needs. Mothers blamed themselves for their children's behavioural problems, rather than attributing difficulties to children's previous adverse life events. Both mothers and fathers were reluctant to use support services because they felt scrutinised and feared repercussions, and those who sought assistance generally found professionals ill-informed and unhelpful. Parents made recommendations about how the adoptive parenting process could be improved and expressed a strong desire for more information, both pre- and post-placement.
Temporal variation of Mexiconema cichlasomae (Nematoda: Daniconematidae) in the Mayan cichlid fish Cichlasoma urophthalmus and its intermediate host Argulus yucatanus from a tropical coastal lagoon
Authors: MAY-TEC A. L. , PECH D. , AGUIRRE-MACEDO M. L. , LEWIS J. W. , VIDAL-MARTÍNEZ V. M. 
Published: November 2012

SUMMARYThe aim of the present investigation was to determine whether temporal variation in environmental factors such as rainfall or temperature influence long-term fluctuations in the prevalence and mean abundance of the nematode Mexiconema cichlasomae in the cichlid fish Cichlasoma uropthalmus and its crustacean intermediate host, Argulus yucatanus. The study was undertaken in a tropical coastal lagoon in the Yucatan Peninsula (south-eastern Mexico) over an 8-year period. Variations in temperature, rainfall and monthly infection levels for both hosts were analysed using time series and cross-correlations to detect possible recurrent patterns. Infections of M. cichlasomae in A. yucatanus showed annual peaks, while in C. urophthalmus peaks were bi-annual. The latter appear to be related to the accumulation of several generations of this nematode in C. urophthalmus. Rainfall and temperature appear to be key environmental factors in influencing temporal variation in the infection of M. cichlasomae over periods longer than a year together with the accumulation of larval stages throughout time.
Application of an automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis database for identification of cultured Antarctic fungi
Authors: Slemmons Caleb , Johnson Gregory , Connell Laurie B. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe utilized an automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA) method as a more rapid alternative to classical morphological/nutritional identification and a less expensive alternative to sequencing for identification and grouping of isolates in culture-based fungal abundance studies. This method is well suited for the study of culturable Antarctic soil fungal communities where both abundance and diversity are relatively low. We optimized template concentration and verified the effect of primer selection from eight commonly used fungal polymerase chain reaction primers on ARISA chromatographs for 46 fungal species commonly isolated from south Victoria Land. A database of Antarctic fungal electropherograms was produced containing each of the species and was used as the first step in a tiered system for species identification. In addition, isolates containing more than one species were identified, allowing isolates not in the database to be sequenced for further analysis. This method unambiguously identified 78% of the fungal taxa in this study and we were able to rapidly determine which isolates should be subjected to further analysis by DNA sequencing. Using this approach, the cost of analysis for abundance studies can be greatly reduced compared to DNA sequencing of each isolate.
ELF/VLF wave generation from the beating of two HF ionospheric heating sources
Authors: Cohen M. B. , Moore R. C. , Golkowski M. , Lehtinen N. G. 
Published: November 2012

It is well established that Extremely Low Frequency (ELF, 0.3–3 kHz) and Very Low Frequency (VLF, 3–30 kHz) radio waves can be generated via modulated High Frequency (HF, 3–10 MHz) heating of the lower ionosphere (60–100 km). The ionospheric absorption of HF power modifies the conductivity of the lower ionosphere, which in the presence of natural currents such as the auroral electrojet, creates an ‘antenna in the sky.’ We utilize a theoretical model of the HF to ELF/VLF conversion and the ELF/VLF propagation, and calculate the amplitudes of the generated ELF/VLF waves when two HF heating waves, separated by the ELF/VLF frequency, are transmitted from two adjacent locations. The resulting ELF/VLF radiation pattern exhibits a strong directional dependence (as much as 15 dB) that depends on the physical spacing of the two HF sources. This beat wave source can produce signals 10–20 dB stronger than those generated using amplitude modulation, particularly for frequencies greater than 5–10 kHz. We evaluate recent suggestions that beating two HF waves generates ELF/VLF waves in the F‐region (>150 km), and conclude that those experimental results may have misinterpreted, and can be explained strictly by the much more well established D region mechanism.
Paleozoic to early Cenozoic cooling and exhumation of the basement underlying the eastern Puna plateau margin prior to plateau growth
Authors: Insel N. , Grove M. , Haschke M. , Barnes J. B. , Schmitt A. K. , Strecker M. R. 
Published: November 2012

Constraining the pre‐Neogene history of the Puna plateau is crucial for establishing the initial conditions that attended the early stage evolution of the southern extent of the Andean plateau. We apply high‐ to low‐temperature thermochronology data from plutonic rocks in northwestern Argentina to quantify the Paleozoic, Mesozoic and early Tertiary cooling history of the Andean crust. U‐Pb crystallization ages of zircons indicate that pluton intrusion occurred during the early mid‐Ordovician (490–470 Ma) and the late Jurassic (160–150 Ma). Lower‐temperature cooling histories from40Ar/39Ar analyses of K‐feldspar vary substantially. Basement rocks underlying the western Puna resided at temperatures below 200°C (<6 km depth) since the Devonian (∼400 Ma). In contrast, basement rocks underlying the southeastern Puna were hotter (∼200–300°C) throughout the Paleozoic and Jurassic and cooled to temperatures of <200°C by ∼120 Ma. The southeastern Puna basement records a rapid cooling phase coeval with active extension of the Cretaceous Salta rift at ∼160–100 Ma that we associate with tectonic faulting and lithospheric thinning. The northeastern Puna experienced protracted cooling until the late Cretaceous with temperatures <200°C during the Paleocene. Higher cooling rates between 78 and 55 Ma are associated with thermal subsidence during the postrift stage of the Salta rift and/or shortening‐related flexural subsidence. Accelerated cooling and deformation during the Eocene was focused within a narrow zone along the eastern Puna/Eastern Cordillera transition that coincides with Paleozoic/Mesozoic structural and thermal boundaries. Our results constrain regional erosion‐induced cooling throughout the Cenozoic to have been less than ∼150°C, which implies total Cenozoic denudation of <6–4 km.
The rhetorical relations in complex sentences with quando (‘when’) in European Portuguese
Authors: Silvano Purificação 
Published: November 2012

In this paper we investigate the temporal and rhetorical relations in complex sentences with clauses introduced by quando ‘when’ in European Portuguese. We put forward a proposal for a semantic treatment within a theoretical framework which is grounded in Segmented Discourse Representation Theory (SDRT; Asher and Lascarides 2003), with some extra stipulations to deal with specificities of complex sentences related to: (i) the directionality of rhetorical and temporal relations; (ii) the fronted or final position of the adverbial clause and its implications for text-structuring rhetorical relations. We show that the directionality of both the temporal and rhetorical relations is from the main situation to the subordinate situation, regardless of the order of the discourse. We argue that each complex sentence with a clause introduced by quando describes situations that are connected by rhetorical relations at two distinct levels: at the level of content and at the level of text-structuring. At the level of content, we resort to SDRT’s list of rhetorical relations. As for the text-structuring relations, we propose two new relations: Frame and Specification.	Finally, we compare the complex sentences with their non-complex counterparts to demonstrate that the rhetorical mechanisms used in both types of discourse are not always the same.	To sum up, the investigation carried out allows us to conclude that an analysis which takes into account the temporal and rhetorical relations leads to a better semantic and discursive understanding of complex sentences with clauses introduced by quando.
Privately Owned Small Impoundments in Central Alabama: A Survey and Evaluation of Management Techniques for Largemouth Bass and Bluegill
Authors: Haley Norman V. , Wright Russell A. , DeVries Dennis R. , Allen Micheal S. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Small impoundments or ponds represent important fisheries resources, both recreationally and economically. These systems are small relative to most large public reservoirs and natural lakes and thus they are more easily manipulated to improve fishing quality. The utility of some pond management techniques in improving fisheries is not well understood. We combined a telephone survey and field sampling to quantify the characteristics and use(s) of private ponds in central Alabama and determine the efficacy of the most often used pond fishery enhancement techniques. The three most common techniques were fertilization (used by 48% of surveyed pond owners), supplemental feeding with pellets (45%), and the stocking of supplemental prey for largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides (12%; the species most often stocked was threadfin shad Dorosoma petenense). We sampled 66 ponds using boat electrofishing to assess largemouth bass and Lepomis spp. population responses to these management techniques. Fish populations varied greatly within management categories. However, ponds with threadfin shad exhibited overall greater largemouth bass length, length frequency indices (PSD and PSD- P, -M), growth, body condition, and density than ponds without threadfin shad. Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus population characteristics were similar among all ponds using fertilizer and threadfin shad. Of these techniques, we found that fertilization improved bluegill populations and that threadfin shad can improve largemouth bass populations without compromising bluegill size structure and abundance.
Received January 26, 2012; accepted August 7, 2012
Frequency of Strong Year-Classes: Implications on Fishery Dynamics for Three Life History Strategies of Fishes
Authors: Daugherty Daniel J. , Smith Nathan G. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Many studies have examined variation in year-class strength and associated density-dependent growth of fishes. Few studies, however, have considered the effects of these factors on fishery quality. We examined how the frequency of strong year-classes affects fish harvest and size structure for three species with varying life histories. We modeled both random and systematic occurrences of strong year-classes for white bass Morone chrysops (short-lived species), largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides (species with intermediate longevity), and blue catfish Ictalurus furcatus (long-lived species). For white bass and largemouth bass, intermediate frequencies of strong year-classes (i.e., every 3–10 years) incrementally reduced harvest but improved the proportional size distribution (PSD) under current fishing regulations. The greatest improvements in PSD with minimal effects on harvest (relative to annual strong year-classes) occurred when strong year-classes were produced every 3 years for white bass and every 5 years for largemouth bass. In contrast, production of strong blue catfish year-classes every 6 years maximized harvest and resulted in a fivefold increase in PSD relative to a strong year-class frequency of every 1–2 years. Greater annual consistency in harvest and PSD for fishes with intermediate and high longevity was achieved when strong year-classes occurred systematically rather than at random. Our results suggest that intermediate frequencies of strong year-class production, relative to species longevity, serve to balance harvest and size structure characteristics. The use of fish stocking or water level manipulations to systematically produce strong year-classes can also improve the consistency of annual harvest and size structure for longer-lived fishes (&gt;10 years).
Received March 28, 2012; accepted August 27, 2012
Optical absorption of Ni2+ and Ni3+ ions in gadolinium gallium garnet epitaxial films
Authors: Vasileva N V , Gerus P A , Sokolov V O , Plotnichenko V G 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Single-crystal Ni-doped gadolinium gallium garnet films were grown for the first time from supercooled Bi2O3–B2O3-based melt solutions by liquid-phase epitaxy. Optical absorption bands due to Ni2+, Ni3+ and Bi3+ ions were observed in those films. Interpretation and tabulation of all absorption bands of nickel ions occupying octahedral and tetrahedral sites in the garnet lattice are presented.