bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of three data mining models for predicting diabetes or prediabetes by risk factors
Authors: Meng Xue‐Hui , Huang Yi‐Xiang , Rao Dong‐Ping , Zhang Qiu , Liu Qing 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare the performance of logistic regression, artificial neural networks (ANNs) and decision tree models for predicting diabetes or prediabetes using common risk factors. Participants came from two communities in Guangzhou, China; 735 patients confirmed to have diabetes or prediabetes and 752 normal controls were recruited. A standard questionnaire was administered to obtain information on demographic characteristics, family diabetes history, anthropometric measurements and lifestyle risk factors. Then we developed three predictive models using 12 input variables and one output variable from the questionnaire information; we evaluated the three models in terms of their accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. The logistic regression model achieved a classification accuracy of 76.13% with a sensitivity of 79.59% and a specificity of 72.74%. The ANN model reached a classification accuracy of 73.23% with a sensitivity of 82.18% and a specificity of 64.49%; and the decision tree (C5.0) achieved a classification accuracy of 77.87% with a sensitivity of 80.68% and specificity of 75.13%. The decision tree model (C5.0) had the best classification accuracy, followed by the logistic regression model, and the ANN gave the lowest accuracy.
Special solutions to a compact equation for deep-water gravity waves
Authors: Fedele Francesco , Dutykh Denys 
Published: October 2012

AbstractDyachenko & Zakharov (J. Expl Theor. Phys. Lett., vol. 93, 2011, pp. 701–705) recently derived a compact form of the well-known Zakharov integro-differential equation for the third-order Hamiltonian dynamics of a potential flow of an incompressible, infinitely deep fluid with a free surface. Special travelling wave solutions of this compact equation are numerically constructed using the Petviashvili method. Their stability properties are also investigated. In particular, unstable travelling waves with wedge-type singularities, namely peakons, are numerically discovered. To gain insight into the properties of these singular solutions, we also consider the academic case of a perturbed version of the compact equation, for which analytical peakons with exponential shape are derived. Finally, by means of an accurate Fourier-type spectral scheme it is found that smooth solitary waves appear to collide elastically, suggesting the integrability of the Zakharov equation.
Climatic and tectonic controls on the sedimentary processes of an alluvial fan of the western Ganga Plain, India
Authors: GOSWAMI PRADEEP K. , MISHRA JAY K. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractDetailed facies analysis and morphotectonic investigations of the Malin River's alluvial fan in the western Ganga Plain, India, reveal that the morphology of the fan is largely tectonically controlled whereas the sedimentary processes are mainly climatically controlled. The sedimentation occurred in two distinct evolutionary cycles which are separated by a time gap. The older cycle deposited thick gravelly units up to the distal-fan area, whereas the sediment fill of the younger cycle is gavel-dominated in the proximal-fan area, gravel–sand dominated in the middle-fan area and sand–mud dominated in the distal-fan area. The gravels of the older cycle were emplaced by intense sediment gravity flows during periods of strengthened monsoon and steeper regional gradient. During the younger cycle, the proximal to distal parts of the fan were dominated by different sedimentary processes. This was a time of relatively weaker monsoon and gentler regional slopes, when gravels could travel only up to the middle-fan area. The gravels in the proximal-fan area have mainly been deposited by sediment gravity flows and channel processes; in the middle-fan area channel processes, sheetfloods and sediment gravity flows have been the main sedimentary processes; and in the distal-fan area fluvial processes of channel migration and overbank deposition have been the main sedimentary processes.
A case report of Brugian filariasis outside an endemic area in Thailand
Authors: Yokmek S. , Warunyuwong W. , Rojanapanus S. , Jiraamornimit C. , Boitano J.J. , Wongkamchai S. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA 2-year-old boy living outside the endemic area of lymphatic filariasis in Surat Thani Province, Thailand, developed a high fever. To investigate the cause of his presenting symptoms, blood was collected and microfilariae were detected and identified asBrugia malayiusing thick blood smear staining. The sources of the infection were investigated. Microfilariae from two domestic cats residing in the boy's village were detected and identified asB. pahangiusing a high-resolution melting real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. The possible sources of this cryptic infection are discussed.
Discovery of Paragonimus skrjabini in Vietnam and its phylogenetic status in the Paragonimus skrjabini complex
Authors: Doanh P.N. , Hien H.V. , Nonaka N. , Horii Y. , Nawa Y. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractTwo members of the Paragonimus skrjabini complex, P. skrjabini and P. miyazakii, are now considered as two sub-species, P. skrjabini skrjabini and P. skrjabini miyazakii. They are well known as important pathogens for human paragonimiasis in China and Japan. Recently, members of this species complex have been reported from India. Here we report the first discovery of P. skrjabini from freshwater crab hosts in Thanh Hoa province, Vietnam. For morphological and molecular phylogenetic studies, adult worms were obtained by experimental infection in cats and dogs. Molecular analyses of metacercariae and adults revealed that the P. skrjabini population from Thanh Hoa, Vietnam was almost completely identical with that from Yunnan province, China. Those populations from Thanh Hoa, Vietnam and Yunnan, China and those from Manipur, India were significantly different from P. skrjabini populations reported from other localities of China in cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) gene sequences, indicating considerable genetic variation within the P. skrjabini complex. Moreover, low bootstrap values in the CO1 tree suggested that more variant genotypes belonging to P. skrjabini complex may be found in other Asian countries in between Vietnam and India, such as Myanmar, Laos and Thailand. Since P. skrjabini is known as a pathogen for humans, paragonimiasis cases caused by P. skrjabini might be found in Vietnam and other Asian countries.
Retrospective, cross-sectional review of delayed discharge after paediatric tracheostomy
Authors: Rafferty A , Knight D , Bew S , Knight L 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjectives:To investigate reasons for prolonged hospitalisation of children with tracheostomies once they are medically fit for discharge.Methods:Retrospective, cross-sectional study of 101 children undergoing tracheostomy between 2000 and 2010.Results:Of the study patients, 44.6 per cent did not spend any time in hospital once medically fit, 19.8 per cent spent up to two weeks, 12.9 per cent spent between two weeks and one month, and 22.8 per cent spent over one month. Of the 56 cases with delayed discharge, the majority (22 children, 39.3 per cent) were delayed due to time taken obtaining parental competencies in tracheostomy management. A number of external factors were identified in these delays: parental substance abuse; single parenting; concerns about parenting ability, and English not being the parents' first language.Conclusion:Paediatric tracheostomy may lead to prolonged hospitalisation, but this is often influenced by social factors. Better use of dedicated specialist paediatric tracheostomy nurses may reduce unnecessary hospitalisation.
Further new species of Menegazzia (Parmeliaceae, Lecanorales)
Authors: KANTVILAS Gintaras 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThree new species of Menegazzia are described and illustrated, and their relationships and affinities to other species in the genus discussed. Menegazziabjerkeana Kantvilas is an isidiate species from the coastal ranges of New South Wales; M. brattii Kantvilas is an eight-spored species related to the widespread M. pertransita (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant., and is endemic to Kerguelen Island; and M. gallowayi Kantvilas is an eight-spored species from South Island, New Zealand. Menegazzia sanguinascens (Räsänen) R. Sant. is recorded from Kerguelen for the first time.
New taxa, reports, and names of lichenized and lichenicolous fungi, mainly from the Scottish Highlands
Authors: FRYDAY Alan M. , COPPINS Brian J. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe new taxaCliostomum subtenerum, Dactylospora suburceolata, Fuscidea oceanica, Lecania granulata, Lecidea herteliana,andRopalospora lugubrisf.sorediataare described from collections made from Scotland and Wales. Outside the British Isles,D. suburceolatais also known from Switzerland,L. hertelianafrom NE North America andR. lugubrisf.sorediatafrom Sweden and NE North America. In addition,Lecidea luteoatraNyl. belongs to theLecanora marginatagroup and the nameLecanora viridiatra(Stenh.) Nyl. is taken up for this species,Peterjamesia sorediatais transferred toRoccellographa, andRopalospora atroumbrinais included in the synonymy ofR. lugubrisf.sorediata.
A new Placopyrenium (Verrucariaceae) from Turkey
Authors: APTROOT André , YAZICI Kenan 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe new species Placopyrenium bullatum is described from limestone in Turkey. It is characterized by the immersed ascomata, the areolate and bullate thallus, the often blackened exciple and the 1-septate ascospores. It resembles P. iranicum, but differs by the 1-septate ascospores, the dark exciple and the black mottled medulla.
Occurrence of high tyrosinase activity in the non-Peltigeralean lichenDermatocarponminiatum(L.) W. Mann
Authors: BECKETT Richard P. , MINIBAYEVA Farida V. , LIERS Christiane 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIn our earlier work, we demonstrated the presence of the multicopper oxidases tyrosinase and laccase in the cell walls of lichens from thePeltigerales, while these enzymes appeared to be absent in lichens from other orders. Likely roles for tyrosinase in lichens include melanin synthesis, the generation of quinones needed for laccase-mediated redox cycling, and the removal of harmful reactive molecules formed by this cycling. Non-Peltigeralean lichens will not need tyrosinase to detoxify laccase-generated radicals. However, many non-Peltigeralean lichens are often heavily melanized. Apparent absence of tyrosinase activity in these species prompted us to suggest that, in these lichens, melanins are probably synthesized by the polyketide pathway, which does not involve tyrosinase. Here, we surveyed intracellular tyrosinase activity in thallus homogenates from a range of lichens. Results showed that Peltigeralean species generally have much higher activities than species from other orders. However, the non-Peltigeralean lichenDermatocarpon miniatumdisplays significant tyrosinase activity. InD. miniatum, tyrosinase differs from the corresponding enzyme from Peltigeralean lichens with respect to cellular location, substratum specificity, stability and pH optimum. Furthermore, unlike Peltigeralean lichens, inD. miniatumtyrosinase activity increased strongly following the rehydration of dry thalli. These differences are possibly a consequence of the role of tyrosinase in melanin synthesis rather than laccase-mediated redox cycling.
New and interesting lichens from the Caxiuanã National Forest in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: SILVA CÁCERES Marcela Eugenia da , SANTOS VIEIRA Tamires dos , DE JESUS Luciana Santos , LÜCKING Robert 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAs part of an ongoing inventory of the lichenized mycota of the Caxiuanã National Forest, at Ferreira Penna Research Station in the Brazilian Amazon, two species of lichenized fungi are described as new and four new combinations are introduced:Ampliotrema megalostoma(Müll. Arg.) M. Cáceres & Lücking comb. nov.,Graphis brachylirellataM. Cáceres & Lücking sp. nov.,Malmidea leucograniferaM. Cáceres & Lücking sp. nov.,Ocellularia conformalis(Kremp.) M. Cáceres & Lücking comb. nov.,Redingeria microspora(Zahlbr.) M. Cáceres & Lücking comb. nov., andSarcographa megistocarpa(Leight.) M. Cáceres & Lücking comb. nov.
ITS rDNA data confirm a delimitation ofBacidina arnoldianaandB. sulphurellaand support a description of a new species within the genusBacidina
Authors: CZARNOTA Paweł , GUZOW-KRZEMIŃSKA Beata 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBacidina flavoleprosais described as a new species from the Czech Republic. Its position within the genus is supported by phylogenetic inferences of ITS rDNA sequences from its holotype and many other representatives ofBacidias. lat., including newly sequencedBacidina sulphurella,B. adastraandB. neosquamulosa,as well as additional sequences ofB. arnoldiana. ITS data also support the recent delimitation ofB. arnoldianaandB. sulphurellabased on the shape of conidia and ecological preferences.
A record of the genusTrochochaeta(Polychaeta) in the southern hemisphere with description of a new species
Authors: Bochert Ralf , Zettler Michael L. 
Published: October 2012

The small polychaete family Trochochaetidae is monogeneric and had been recorded almost exclusively in the northern hemisphere before this study. During a benthic investigation in the coastal shelf zone off Angola at 15°S several specimens were collected from 84 m depth differing from other members of the family and we described it as a new species herein. The only known African species so far wasTrochochaeta kirkegaardifrom the eastern Atlantic.Trochochaeta ankeaesp. nov. is characterized by having four minute eyes, a small conical antenna, a nuchal crest projecting through chaetiger 2, by lacking notochaetae on chaetiger 2, by having acicular spines on neuropodia 2 and 3 and a pair of conical papillae ventral on abdomen. A key to all 11 known species (including an unnamed one) is given.
Ontogenetic changes in heterogeneity of parasite communities of fish: disentangling the relative role of compositional versus abundance variability
Authors: TIMI J. T. , LANFRANCHI A. L. 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARYIn order to determine how much of the variability in parasite assemblages is driven by differences in composition or in abundance we used multivariate dispersions (average distance from infracommunities to their size class centroid in the multivariate space) as a measurement ofβ-diversity in infracommunities ofConger orbignianus, applying a set of dissimilarity measures with different degrees of emphasis on composition versus relative abundance information. To evaluate comparatively the rate of such changes, we also analysed the effect of host size by regressing differences inβ-diversity among size classes against differences in mean fish size. Multivariate dispersions varied along an ontogenetic gradient, its significance depending on the measurement used. Larger fish showed higher richness and abundance; however, smaller fish displayed lower variations in abundance but higher in composition. This could be caused by stochastic encounters at low densities due to the overdispersion of parasites in previous hosts. As fish grow, the composition of their parasite assemblages becomes homogenized by repeated exposure, with abundance thus arising as the main source of variability. Both variables act at different rates, with the exponential decay in the compositional variability as differences in fish size increase being about twice as steep as the decay in abundance variability, indicating that compositional homogeneity is reached faster than abundance heterogeneity as fish grow. Discerning between both variables is crucial in order to understand how community structure is formed by size-dependent variability of host populations.
Raw grated beetroot linked to several outbreaks of sudden-onset gastrointestinal illness, Finland 2010
Authors: JACKS A. , TOIKKANEN S. , PIHLAJASAARI A. , JOHANSSON T. , HAKKINEN M. , HEMMINKI K. , HOKKANEN P. , KÄPYAHO A. , KÄRNÄ A. , VALKOLA K. , NISKANEN T. , TAKKINEN J. , KUUSI M. , RIMHANEN-FINNE R. 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARYIn 2010, 7/44 (16%) reported foodborne outbreaks in Finland were linked with raw beetroot consumption. We reviewed data from the national outbreak registry in order to hypothesize the aetiology of illness and to prevent further outbreaks. In the seven outbreaks, 124 cases among 623 respondents were identified. Consumption of raw beetroot was strongly associated with gastrointestinal illness (relative risk 8·99, 95% confidence interval 6·06–13·35). The illness was characterized by sudden onset of gastrointestinal symptoms; the median incubation time was 40 min and duration of illness 5 h. No common foodborne pathogens or toxins were found in either clinical or beetroot samples, but all tested beetroot samples were of poor quality according to total bacterial counts. Beta-haemolytic Pseudomonas fluorescens was detected in several beetroot samples but its effect on human health is unknown. No outbreaks were reported after the Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira advised against serving raw beetroot in institutional canteens.
Genotype replacement within serotype 23FStreptococcus pneumoniaein Beijing, China: characterization of serotype 23F
Authors: MA X. , YAO K. H. , YU S. J. , ZHOU L. , LI Q. H. , SHI W. , HE M. M. , YANG Y. H. 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARYWe investigated the genetic structure of 99 isolates of serotype 23FStreptococcus pneumoniaefrom children with acute respiratory infections collected over two periods from 1997 to 2006, and 2010. All isolates were susceptible to vancomycin and amoxicillin–clavulanic acid; 97 were resistant to erythromycin, 95 of which carried theermBgene and two carried bothmefA/EandermBgenes. Multidrug resistance to three or more classes of antibiotics was exhibited by 90 isolates. Sequence types ST342 and ST81 were the most frequent in 1997–2006 and 2010, respectively. All CC81 isolates were non-susceptible to β-lactam antibiotics and had higher minimum inhibitory concentration values for penicillin than other clone complexes and sequence types. The increased β-lactam antibiotic resistance may have resulted from the replacement of multidrug-resistant clones related to ST81. Long-term studies onS. pneumoniaeserotype 23F, especially the ST81 clone, should be conducted to better understand the epidemiological picture of this pathogen in China.
Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the overtraining syndrome: Joint consensus statement of the European College of Sport Science (ECSS) and the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM)
Authors: Meeusen Romain , Duclos Martine , Foster Carl , Fry Andrew , Gleeson Michael , Nieman David , Raglin John , Rietjens Gerard , Steinacker Jürgen , Urhausen Axel 
Published: October 2012

AbstractSuccessful training must involve overload, but also must avoid the combination of excessive overload plus inadequate recovery. Athletes can experience short‐term performance decrement, without severe psychological, or lasting other negative symptoms. This Functional Overreaching (FOR) will eventually lead to an improvement in performance after recovery. When athletes do not sufficiently respect the balance between training and recovery, Non‐Functional Overreaching (NFOR) can occur. The distinction between NFOR and the Overtraining Syndrome (OTS) is very difficult and will depend on the clinical outcome and exclusion diagnosis. The athlete will often show the same clinical, hormonal and other signs and symptoms. A keyword in the recognition of OTS might be ‘prolonged maladaptation’ not only of the athlete, but also of several biological, neurochemical, and hormonal regulation mechanisms. It is generally thought that symptoms of OTS, such as fatigue, performance decline and mood disturbances, are more severe than those of NFOR. However, there is no scientific evidence to either confirmor refute this suggestion. One approach to understanding the aetiology of OTS involves the exclusion of organic diseases or infections and factors such as dietary caloric restriction (negative energy balance) and insufficient carbohydrate and/or protein intake, iron deficiency, magnesium deficiency, allergies, etc., together with identification of initiating events or triggers. In this paper, we provide the recent status of possible markers for the detection of OTS. Currently several markers (hormones, performance tests, psychological tests, biochemical and immune markers) are used, but none of them meets all criteria to make its use generally accepted.
Magneto-optical Faraday spectroscopy of completely bismuth-substituted Bi3Fe5O12 garnet thin films
Authors: Deb M , Popova E , Fouchet A , Keller N 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
We performed a magneto-optical (MO) Faraday spectroscopy study of bismuth iron garnet Bi3Fe5O12 thin single-crystalline films with thickness from 5 to 220 nm. The Faraday rotation and ellipticity spectra were measured for photon energies ranging from 1.7 to 4.2 eV. Using a model based on two electric dipole transitions associated with tetrahedral and octahedral iron sites, we successfully reproduce the observed rotation and ellipticity spectra. The sign of both site contributions to the Faraday rotation and ellipticity spectra has been used to interpret the complex thermal dependence of the Faraday rotation and ellipticity. For a Faraday ellipticity, anomalous hysteresis loops have been observed around specific photon energies. To explain the surprising shape of hysteresis loop, a model based on the superposition of two hysteresis loops with opposite sign associated with both sites is proposed. The modelling of these hysteresis loops allows accessing the magnetic properties of each individual sublattice. Finally, we have studied the dependence of the energy level parameters on bismuth content in Yi3−x
Bi
x
Fe5O12 garnet and on the thickness of bismuth iron garnet. Based on this analysis, we show that MO spectroscopy is a fast and non-destructive technique to determine the bi-deficiency of BIG films.
The effects of ZnO buffer layers on the properties of phosphorus doped ZnO thin films grown on sapphire by pulsed laser deposition
Authors: Kim K-W , Lugo F J , Lee J H , Norton D P 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The properties of phosphorus doped ZnO thin films grown on sapphire by pulsed laser deposition were examined, specifically focusing on the effects of undoped ZnO buffer layers. In particular, buffer layers were grown under different conditions; the transport properties of as-deposited and rapid thermal annealed ZnO : P films were then examined. As-deposited films showed n-type conductivity. After rapid thermal annealing, the film on buffer layer grown at a low temperature showed the conversion of carrier type to p-type for specific growth conditions while the films deposited on buffer layer grown at a high temperature remained n-type regardless of growth condition. The films deposited on buffer layer grown at a low temperature showed higher resistivity and more significant change of the transport properties upon rapid thermal annealing. These results suggest that more dopants are incorporated in films with higher defect density. This is consistent with high resolution x-ray diffraction results for phosphorus doped ZnO films on different buffer layers. In addition, the microstructure of phosphorus doped ZnO films is substantially affected by the buffer layer.