bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Employment restrictions on resource transferability and value appropriation from employees
Authors: Balasubramanian Natarajan , Starr Evan , Yamaguchi Shotaro 
Published: July 2024

AbstractResearch SummaryWe examine the joint adoption of four employment restrictions that limit firm resource outflows—nondisclosure (NDA), non‐solicitation, non‐recruitment, and noncompete agreements—and their associations with value appropriation from employees. Using novel individual‐ and firm‐level survey data, we find that when firms adopt restrictions, they tend to adopt either all four restrictions or only an NDA. Adoption of all four restrictions is more likely when workers have access to valuable resources, noncompetes are more enforceable, and states adopt the inevitable disclosure doctrine. Employees with all four restrictions earn 5.4% less than employees with only NDAs, and this effect is driven by workers with low bargaining power. Analyses of earnings and a single restriction (e.g., only noncompetes) yield opposite results from those considering joint adoption, likely because of selection.Managerial SummaryValuable firm resources are often embedded in employees. We study whether and when firms adopt four employment restrictions that could protect such resources—agreements not to disclose information, not to solicit clients or coworkers, and not to join or start a competitor—and examine the extent to which they are associated with value capture from employees. Using novel firm and worker‐level surveys, we find that firms mostly adopt either all four restrictions together, only an NDA, or use no restrictions. Workers are more likely to have all four restrictions when they have access to valuable resources, when noncompetes are more enforceable, and when states adopt the inevitable disclosure doctrine. Finally, all four restrictions are associated with 5.4% lower earnings on average relative to workers with only an NDA, driven by workers with low‐bargaining power.
Reproducible and acid‐responsive Rhodamine B/PEG functioned nanographene oxide‐Au nanocomposites for surface‐enhanced Raman scattering sensing
Authors: Qian Wenhao , Xing Min , Ye Mao , Huang Xiaoyu , Li Yongjun , Hao Bingjie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSurface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has been visualized as a promising analytical technique in marked‐molecule detection for disease diagnosis, environmental pollution, and so on. Noble metal nanoparticles, especially gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), are commonly used to fabricate SERS substrates. Herein, we facilely fabricated a special platform to improve the dispersity and homogeneity of AuNPs. Practically, based on nano‐graphene oxide (GO), a special platform (s‐GO‐PEG‐R'hB) was prepared through GO functionalization with biocompatible poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), acid‐activated fluorescence molecule (Rhodamine B lactam derivative, R'hB) and thiol sites with cysteamine. AuNPs were then in situ grown on s‐GO‐PEG‐R'hB sheets to provide GO/AuNPs nanocomposite (Au@s‐GO‐PEG‐R'hB) for use as an efficient SERS substrate, which can exert unique electromagnetic characteristics of AuNPs and improve its dispersity. With systematic morphology and composition characterizations, it was confirmed that uniform AuNPs were located on multi‐functionalized GO sheets in Au@s‐GO‐PEG‐R'hB as we designed. Au@s‐GO‐PEG‐R'hB performed well in SERS detection towards 4‐aminothiophenol (4‐ATP) and p‐phenylenediamine (PD), with preferable sensibility, stability and effectiveness. With well‐knit SERS results, it is indicated that Au@s‐GO‐PEG‐R'hB could take the advantages of inherent electrochemical properties of AuNPs and functionalized GO to be a potential substrate in SERS detection. Thus, it is foreseen that Au@s‐GO‐PEG‐R'hB can meet diverse SERS sensing demands in real life.
High‐performance porous transport layers for proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers
Authors: Tao Youkun , Wu Minhua , Hu Meiqi , Xu Xihua , Abdullah Muhammad I. , Shao Jing , Wang Haijiang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHydrogen is a favored alternative to fossil fuels due to the advantages of cleanliness, zero emissions, and high calorific value. Large‐scale green hydrogen production can be achieved using proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs) with utilization of renewable energy. The porous transport layer (PTL), positioned between the flow fields and catalyst layers (CLs) in PEMWEs, plays a critical role in facilitating water/gas transport, enabling electrical/thermal conduction, and mechanically supporting CLs and membranes. Superior corrosion resistance is essential as PTL operates in acidic media with oxygen saturation and high working potential. This paper covers the development of high‐performance titanium‐based PTLs for PEMWEs. The heat/electrical conduction and mass transport mechanisms of PTLs and how they affect the overall performances are reviewed. By carefully designing and controlling substrate microstructure, protective coating, and surface modification, the performance of PTL can be regulated and optimized. The two‐phase mass transport characteristics can be enhanced by fine‐tuning the microstructure and surface wettability of PTL. The addition of a microporous top‐layer can effectively improve PTL|CL contact and increase the availability of catalytic sites. The anticorrosion coatings, which are crucial for chemical stability and conductivity of the PTL, are compared and analyzed in terms of composition, fabrication, and performance.
Challenges in Peptide Solubilization – Amyloids Case Study
Authors: Polańska Oliwia , Szulc Natalia , Stottko Rafał , Olek Mateusz , Nadwodna Julita , Gąsior‐Głogowska Marlena , Szefczyk Monika 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPeptide science has been a rapidly growing research field because of the enormous potential application of these biocompatible and bioactive molecules. However, many factors limit the widespread use of peptides in medicine, and low solubility is among the most common problems that hamper drug development in the early stages of research. Solubility is a crucial, albeit poorly understood, feature that determines peptide behavior. Several different solubility predictors have been proposed, and many strategies and protocols have been reported to dissolve peptides, but none of them is a one‐size‐fits‐all method for solubilization of even the same peptide. In this review, we look for the reasons behind the difficulties in dissolving peptides, analyze the factors influencing peptide aggregation, conduct a critical analysis of solubilization strategies and protocols available in the literature, and give some tips on how to deal with the so‐called difficult sequences. We focus on amyloids, which are particularly difficult to dissolve and handle such as amyloid beta (Aβ), insulin, and phenol‐soluble modulins (PSMs).
Artificial intelligence in cardiac surgery: A systematic review
Authors: Sulague Ralf Martz , Beloy Francis Joshua , Medina Jillian Reeze , Mortalla Edward Daniel , Cartojano Thea Danielle , Macapagal Sharina , Kpodonu Jacques 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundArtificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a tool to potentially increase the efficiency and efficacy of cardiovascular care and improve clinical outcomes. This study aims to provide an overview of applications of AI in cardiac surgery.MethodsA systematic literature search on AI applications in cardiac surgery from inception to February 2024 was conducted. Articles were then filtered based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria and the risk of bias was assessed. Key findings were then summarized.ResultsA total of 81 studies were found that reported on AI applications in cardiac surgery. There is a rapid rise in studies since 2020. The most popular machine learning technique was random forest (n = 48), followed by support vector machine (n = 33), logistic regression (n = 32), and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (n = 31). Most of the studies were on adult patients, conducted in China, and involved procedures such as valvular surgery (24.7%), heart transplant (9.4%), coronary revascularization (11.8%), congenital heart disease surgery (3.5%), and aortic dissection repair (2.4%). Regarding evaluation outcomes, 35 studies examined the performance, 26 studies examined clinician outcomes, and 20 studies examined patient outcomes.ConclusionAI was mainly used to predict complications following cardiac surgeries and improve clinicians' decision‐making by providing better preoperative risk assessment, stratification, and prognostication. While the application of AI in cardiac surgery has greatly progressed in the last decade, further studies need to be conducted to verify accuracy and ensure safety before use in clinical practice.
Histories of Frozen Earth
Authors: Chu Pey-Yi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis chapter provides an overview of histories of frozen earth while arguing that scholarship must attend to the historicity of permafrost as a scientific idea. It begins by discussing histories written before the establishment of permafrost science as a discipline. In this stage, terms for frozen earth had not yet been standardized, and interest in it was connected to major questions of nineteenth-century geology, especially the theory of ice ages. The chapter then considers histories written during the period of consolidating permafrost science, when state goals of colonization, industrialization, and militarization motivated research into frozen earth. Frozen earth became permafrost, and scientists used history to debate the discipline’s goals and orientation. Finally, the chapter analyzes histories written amid rising global awareness of anthropogenic climate change and the thawing of frozen earth. If, previously, histories of frozen earth were written primarily by scientists, in this stage scholars in the humanities and social sciences became increasingly engaged as well. They have explored the meanings of frozen earth in a variety of cultural contexts. This chapter argues that human engagements with frozen earth invested the phenomenon with multiple essences and names, of which permafrost was but one. While some conceptions of frozen earth recognized its inherent dynamism and heterogeneity, permafrost, a legacy of settler colonialism, suggested permanence and stability. Recovering alternative ways of understanding frozen earth can point to ways of living with change rather than maintaining expectations of stillness.
A Winding Road Before Scaling-Up? Defense AI in France
Authors: Martin Kévin , Liversain Lucie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFrance recognized the importance of AI in 2017 when it launched a national strategy to become a world leader in AI. The French Ministry of the Armed Forces published the strategy “AI in service of defense” in 2019, outlining ethical frameworks, infrastructure development, research priorities, and international collaboration. This strategy aimed to create trustworthy AI for defense applications while also embracing dual-use advances on AI in the commercial sector. If AI governance has taken shape, the French MoD’s action can appear very fragmented for the defense ecosystem considering the requirements of different military services, the Procurement Agency (DGA) and the new entities created as part of the Armed Forces digital transformation. To implement its sovereign AI strategy, France’s ecosystems benefits from a relatively dense academic and research base as well as industrial companies (AI startups, specialized SME and traditional Defense players adapting their strategy). In this context, ARTEMIS.IA emerged in 2017, a programme originally designed to build the defence AI ecosystem. In addition, the Armed Forces have adopted a development by trial approach. This profusion of initiatives at various levels and taken by different military branches may illustrate the lack of a centralized data-sharing policy, favoring ad hoc development frameworks. Moreover, experiments conducted so far have identified major roadblocks such as the need to develop adequate digital infrastructure including clouds, access to users, and adjusting budgetary and contractual mechanisms to the reality of agile software development. The updated defense AI strategy expected in 2024 will need to take these elements into account to meet the challenges of developing trusted AI techniques and solutions.
Survival of the Smartest? Defense AI in Ukraine
Authors: Goncharuk Vitaliy 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBefore Russia’s invasion in February 2022, Ukraine boasted a thriving ecosystem for producing artificial intelligence (AI) solutions, leading Eastern Europe in AI company numbers and hosting R&D offices of multinational giants like Amazon and Google. Despite this, Ukraine’s defense sector lagged in AI adoption due to a focus on traditional hardware. The conflict between Russia and Ukraine has transformed the situation, with both sides employing AI in geospatial intelligence, unmanned systems, military training, and cyber warfare, making this conflict the first to feature AI competition as a critical factor. Ukraine’s resilience during the war has relied on active use of awareness systems, volunteer initiatives, open-source platforms, and decentralized asset utilization. The government has begun systematically formulating defense AI policy initiatives and fostering a new ecosystem while civil IT companies shift focus towards dual-use products and talent acquisition in AI. Current defense AI development priorities include AI for unmanned systems, to combat disinformation and support cybersecurity and to advance logistics and mine detection. In parallel, the war has advanced closer cooperation between universities and the military sector, also in view of advancing training and developing AI-enhanced simulation-based training. Overall, the conflict serves as a testing ground for foreign AI developers, prompting reevaluation of regulatory assumptions and the need for war-proof defense AI solutions.
Entanglement in flavored scalar scattering
Authors: Kowalska Kamila , Sessolo Enrico Maria 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We investigate quantum entanglement in high-energy 2 → 2 scalar scattering, where the scalars are characterized by an internal flavor quantum number acting like a qubit. Working at the 1-loop order in perturbation theory, we build the final-state density matrix as a function of the scattering amplitudes connecting the initial to the outgoing state. In this construction, the unitarity of the S-matrix is guaranteed at the required order by the optical theorem. We consider the post-scattering entanglement between the momentum and flavor degrees of freedom of the final-state particles, as well as the entanglement of the two-qubit flavor subsystem. In each case we identify the couplings of the scalar potential that can generate, destroy, or transfer entanglement between different bipartite subspaces of the Hilbert space.
A double scaling for the 4d/3d reduction of $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 1 dualities
Authors: Amariti Antonio , Zanetti Andrea 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this paper we revisit the S1 reduction of 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 gauge theories, considering a double scaling on the radius of the circle and on the real masses arising from the global symmetries in the compactification. We discuss the implication of this double scaling for SQCD with gauge algebra of ABCD type. We then show how our prescription translates in the reduction of the 4d superconformal index to the 3d squashed three sphere partition function. This allows us to derive the expected integral identities for the 3d dualities directly from the four dimensional ones. This is relevant for the study of orthogonal SQCD, where the derivation from the 4d index is not possible in absence of the double scaling, because of a divergence due to a flat direction in the Coulomb branch of the effective theory on the circle. Furthermore, we obtain, for the even orthogonal case, a 3d duality with a quadratic fundamental monopole superpotential already discussed in the literature, that receives in this way an explanation from 4d.
Bosonic near-CFT1 models from Fock-space fluxes
Authors: Jia Yiyang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We construct a family of near-CFT1 models with a conserved U(1) charge, whose basic degrees of freedom are canonical bosons. The Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model — the first microscopic model that realizes the near-CFT1 dynamics — is based on random p-local interactions among fermions. However, a bosonic near-CFT1 model has remained elusive in the p-local approach because such constructions generally suffer from unwanted orderings at low temperatures. Our construction is based on a recent insight that near-CFT1 dynamics can quite generally arise if we place a large amount of random fluxes in a many-body Fock space and p-locality is not essential. All such models are essentially solved by chord diagrams regardless of the nature of the underlying degrees of freedom. We further argue that such bosonic models do not suffer from energetic instablities or unwanted low-temperature orderings. For comparison we also consider a second class of charge-conserving models which are based on qubits. The thermodynamic scalings of these models are very similar to those of the double-scaled complex SYK model but are free of certain singularities the latter suffers from. We also show the level statistics of both models are described by random matrix theory universality down to very low energies.
A criterion for sequential Cohen-Macaulayness
Authors: Caviglia Giulio , De Stefani Alessandro 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this note is to show that a finitely generated graded module M over $$S=k[x_1,\ldots ,x_n]$$

S
=
k
[

x
1

,
…
,

x
n

]

, k a field, is sequentially Cohen-Macaulay if and only if its arithmetic degree $${\text {adeg}}(M)$$

adeg
(
M
)

agrees with $${\text {adeg}}(F/{\text {gin}}_\textrm{revlex}(U))$$

adeg
(
F
/

gin
revlex

(
U
)

)

, where F is a graded free S-module and $$M \cong F/U$$

M
≅
F
/
U

. This answers positively a conjecture of Lu and Yu from 2016.
Individual Placement and Support in der psychiatrischen Versorgung: Evaluation klinischer Routinedaten mittels eines retrospektiven Chart-Reviews
Authors: Jäckel Dorothea , Leopold Karolina , Bechdolf Andreas 
Published: July 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Menschen mit schweren psychischen Erkrankungen sind häufig aus dem Arbeitsleben exkludiert und wünschen im Rahmen der psychiatrischen Behandlung Unterstützung bei der (Wieder)aufnahme einer Arbeit auf dem allgemeinen Arbeitsmarkt. Individual Placement and Support (IPS) ist ein wirksames Verfahren, Arbeit auf dem allgemeinen Arbeitsmarkt zu finden und zu halten. Ziel der Arbeit war die Ermittlung der Eingliederungsraten von IPS auf den allgemeinen Arbeitsmarkt im akuten und postakuten psychiatrischen Setting sowie die Identifikation von Patienten‑, Setting- und Programmmerkmalen, die mit der (Wieder)aufnahme von Arbeit assoziiert waren.

Methodik
Retrospektiver Chart-Review (RCR) klinischer Routinedaten zwischen 2016 und 2021. Rating der IPS-Programmtreue mithilfe der IPS-Fidelity-Scale.

Ergebnisse
Insgesamt 375 Patienten nahmen mit mindestens vier Terminen am IPS teil. Die (Wieder)eingliederungsrate auf den allgemeinen Arbeitsmarkt betrug 51,7 %. Eine kürzere Zeitspanne zum letzten Arbeitstag, die Diagnosen F1, F2, F3 (vs. F4), ein Wechsel des Behandlungssettings und IPS in der psychiatrischen Institutsambulanz (PIA), IPS-Fidelity sowie die Anzahl der IPS-Coachings waren positiv mit der (Wieder)aufnahme von Arbeit korreliert.

Schlussfolgerungen
Die Umsetzung von IPS in der klinischen Versorgung ist möglich und führt zu hohen Eingliederungsraten auf dem allgemeinen Arbeitsmarkt. Ein früher Beginn von IPS während der klinischen Behandlung kann die soziale Inklusion fördern.
Community, solidarity and care through data? An ethical analysis of the interpersonal dimension of self-tracking
Authors: Wieczorek Michał 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper discusses the interpersonal dimension of self-tracking technologies from the standpoint of Dewey’s pragmatist ethics. Users of self-tracking routinely exchange data with others, interact through social features embedded in their tools, and form communities focused on the sharing and discussion of data. I employ Dewey’s notion of transaction to discuss how self-quantification impacts users’ perception of others and how it mediates interpersonal relations. In Dewey’s ethics engagement with others is a fundamental part of moral life and individual flourishing can only be achieved in social contexts and through the extension of care towards other people. The ethical ideals and epistemic concepts present in pragmatism allow me to argue that despite claims that self-tracking technologies lead to the formation of communities, pro-social instincts exist prior to the adoption of the devices and self-tracking actually inhibits the formation of mutually uplifting social bonds. In my discussion, I focus on the degree of epistemic distance that makes genuine engagement with others difficult, limits to transactional agency that prohibits users from deciding how they are perceived by others, and the reductive and instrumental nature of interactions embedded in the social features of self-tracking technologies. Moreover, I also analyse some political aspects of community-formation in the context of self-quantification and criticise the ownership structures of data and infrastructure that limit communities’ political agency.
Microstructural evolution and mechanical behavior of activated tungsten inert gas welded joint between P91 steel and Incoloy 800HT
Authors: Bhanu Vishwa , Manoj J. , Gupta Ankur , Fydrych Dariusz , Pandey Chandan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study examines the welded joint between P91 steel and Incoloy 800HT using the activated tungsten inert gas (A-TIG) welding process. The focus is on analyzing the microstructure and evaluating the mechanical properties of joints made with different compositions of activating flux. Owing to the reversal of the Marangoni effect in which the conventional direction of molten metal flow in the weld pool is reversed due to the application of oxide-based fluxes, a complete depth of penetration of 8 mm was successfully achieved. Conducting mechanical tests, such as microhardness, tensile, and Charpy impact toughness tests, elucidates the behavior of the welded specimens under different loading conditions. The findings highlight the effects of grain size, dislocations, and the evolution of fine-sized precipitates in the high-temperature matrix. This study highlights the importance of choosing suitable flux compositions to achieve consistent penetration and dilution in the base metals. Insights into different failure modes and the influence of temperature on the tensile strength were evaluated. Beneficial mechanical properties of the joints (meeting the criteria of ISO and ASTM standards) were found: ultimate tensile strength of 585 ± 5 MPa, elongation 38 ± 2%, impact toughness of 96 ± 5 J, and maximum microhardness of 345 ± 5 HV.