bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Naturally Fractured Reservoirs in Tatarstan Using Oriented Cores and Well Imagers.
Authors: Musin Kamil M. , Khisamov Rais S. , Dinmoukhamedov Ramil Sh. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Carbonate reservoirs which contains significant amount of the remaining oil reserves in the Tatarstan Republic and in Russia are normally always naturally fractured. The presence of natural fractures creates additional heterogeneity of the reservoirs structure and makes an essential impact on the development strategy for such reservoirs. An integration of modern logging methods and special studies of oriented cores can give better characterization of such complex reservoirs.
To estimate naturally fractured reservoirs' characteristics in carbonate deposits of the Tatarstan Republic the network of key wells were drilled with oriented cores recovered. To date ten such wells have been drilled. Core studies for qualitative and quantitative fracture system analysis have been made. Based on these studies main types, morphology and orientation of occurred fractures were identified. The depth, dipping angle, azimuth and distribution function has been determined for each fracture type from oriented core studies. Analysis of full-size core allowed estimating secondary porosity in intervals with caverns present. In the same intervals in addition to standard logging set special open hole logging was done including micro-resistivity and acoustic imagers, ultrasonic logging.
Core measurements and logging data was analyzed in specialized software FracaFlow. Based on this analysis it was shown that core data and log data are in good agreement to each other and can be used in combination for better reservoir description in carbonates. The core orientation technique works best for wells with high inclination while micro-imagers can only be used in low angle wells (less than 40°). Low aperture fractures can be successfully identified on core in thick formations however the core orientation method fails in thin interbedded formations. The enhancement for core orientation technique was suggested which uses formation dipping angle data.
Data received will help to evaluate carbonate reservoirs in more details. It will be taken in account while drilling new wells and for design of oilfields' development.
Display of Gas Deposits by Ob-Tazovskoe Shoal in Anomalies of Potential Fields
Authors: Boldyreva V. A. , Chernov A. A. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The gravitational field of Obsko-Tazovsky shoal and the adjacent areas is presented by large areas of positive and negative anomalies (fig. 1). In an average part of territory the positive gravitational field by places of mosaic character with display in it of large anomalies intensity to 30 mgl is observed.
Anomalies have various trend – mainly latitudinal strike, sometimes indistinctly expressed. To the majority of large positive anomalies of a gravitational field there correspond the same positive anomalies of a geomagnetic field. Their density, in the assumption of the basic structure, can reach 2.78–2.8г/cm3.
For example, large isotropic maxima gravitational and geomagnetic fields, located to West-Geophysical structure, and also maxima of fields of northwest trend to the north from Geophysical structure. These monogenetic maxima, most likely, are caused by influence of blocks of the base rocks combined by more dense and magnetoactive rocks. Their density, in the assumption of the basic structure, can reach 2.78–2.8g/cm3.
In whole, in the field of a positive gravitational field in an average part of investigated region presence of large negative anomalies to which there correspond the similar magnetic on a sign is marked. Judging by intensity (to -5mgl) adjacent gravitational minima and settlement density of rocks of the base (an order 2.58–2.65 g/cm3) the last are combined by sour rocks. Gravitational field basic elements well mirror a region structure. So, the configuration isoanomalies specifies in separateness of Hambatejsky and North Kamennomyssky deposits, and at the same time, on communication of it with Chugorjahinsky.
In the field of Kamennomyssky and Nulmujahinsky deposits sharp lifting of the base with 6km to 4.5km and to the West to 3.3km precisely corresponds further to accurately expressed abnormal zone in which limits character of a gravitational field essentially differs from the adjacent sites. This gradients zone of type of a gravitational step in which limits of value of a field decrease with +7 to-25mGal from the east for the West, i.e., base uplift is accompanied by gravity reduction.
And, within a zone of the raised base its surface remains concerning quiet. It gradually raises in east direction. At the same time the gravity field goes down in the same direction with very big gradient. In the east of investigated region the strip of the localised minima of gravity of northeast trend is traced. To the south this strip of anomalies is divided on two strips with the advent of two extensive minima of gravity over major fields of hydrocarbons: Jamburgsky and Nahodkinsky. To these deposits in a magnetic field correspond monogenetic minima.
Application of Seismoacoustic Methods for Mapping and Monitoring of Benthic Ecosystems in Arctic Shelf
Authors: Gubanova Yana , Isachenko Artem , Tzetlin Aleksandr , Tokarev Mikhail 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
This paper presents the results of mapping Rugozerskaya Bay of the White Sea, based on geophysical and direct observations data, and conclusions about the limits of applicability of geophysical methods for the area.
In world practice, of environmental engineering problems are given great attention, so the issues of studying the structure and distribution of sediments and biotopes are traditional.
The data were procured during a interdisciplinary marine traning in 2010. For mapping we used the following methods: high-resolution seismic (method of continuous seismic profiling), sidescan sonar, sampling and underwater observations, including underwater photo and video.
As a result, complex interpretation of the information obtained by direct methods was extended to the entire study area using geophysical data. The data used sonar to map lithological and biological differences; seismoacoustic given the opportunity to compare the ancient structures with the modern landscape.
Comparative Analysis of Different Techniques for Waterflood Efficiency Assessment
Authors: Ivan Arsenevsky , Maria Belyanushkina , Rustem Gareev , Andrey Gladkov , Danila Kondakov , Anton Lvov 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The traditional waterflood management practice during the oil field development is to divide the production targets into blocks / elements / patterns. This allows us to estimate reservoir and production parameters, to identify problem blocks and plan for well activities, improving the reservoir development efficiency.
The input data for calculating key indicators of block energy state and waterflood performance are related to production and injection per blocks. Therefore, the cornerstone is the production / injection allocation for the wells located on boundaries of several blocks.
Generally, production / injection is allocated using the geometrical technique, where the contribution of a boundary wells into each block (described by an allocation factor) is proportional to the angle, open to flow in this well into the block. Furthermore, this proportion is retained during the entire field life. However, the development practice shows that actual allocation factors may differ significantly from the numbers, predicted by the geometrical approach. Moreover, these factors dynamically change over time with changes in performance of the wells, located inside the block.
In this paper, we describe the results of a comparative analysis on various static and dynamic techniques for calculating well allocation factors. We determined the limitations of various methods and estimated the performance factor accuracy for different waterflooding patterns.
No Ethnic Differences in the Association of Glycated Hemoglobin With Retinopathy
Authors: Bower Julie K. , Brancati Frederick L. , Selvin Elizabeth 
Published: October 2012

OBJECTIVE
Current recommendations for the use of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in diabetes screening and diagnosis aim to identify those at greatest risk for diabetic microvascular complications. However, there is current controversy regarding the clinical implications of ethnic differences in HbA1c values. The objective of this study was to determine whether the association between HbA1c and retinopathy differs by ethnic group in a representative sample of U.S. adults.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The study was a cross-sectional analysis of 2,945 non-Hispanic white, 1,046 non-Hispanic black, and 1,231 Hispanic American participants aged ≥40 years from the 2005–2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

RESULTS
Among nondiabetic adults, the mean HbA1c was 5.5% in non-Hispanic whites, 5.7% in non-Hispanic blacks, and 5.6% in Hispanic Americans. Among those with diagnosed diabetes, mean HbA1c was 6.9% in non-Hispanic whites, 7.5% in non-Hispanic Blacks, and 7.7% in Hispanic Americans. Overall, non-Hispanic blacks had the highest prevalence of retinopathy. In multivariable logistic models, HbA1c clinical categories were strongly associated with prevalent retinopathy. However, the magnitude of the association did not differ by ethnic group (all P values for interaction ≥ 0.7). Similar results were observed with HbA1c modeled continuously (per one percentage point) and stratified by diabetes status (all P for interactions &gt; 0.3).

CONCLUSIONS
We observed no ethnic differences in the association of HbA1c with retinopathy. These data do not support ethnic-specific cut points for HbA1c for diagnosis or screening of diabetes mellitus.
Effects of GLP-1 on Forearm Vasodilator Function and Glucose Disposal During Hyperinsulinemia in the Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Tesauro Manfredi , Schinzari Francesca , Adamo Angelo , Rovella Valentina , Martini Francesca , Mores Nadia , Barini Angela , Pitocco Dario , Ghirlanda Giovanni , Lauro Davide , Campia Umberto , Cardillo Carmine 
Published: October 2012

OBJECTIVE
Patients with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) have impaired insulin-induced enhancement of vasodilator responses. The incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), beyond its effects on blood glucose, has beneficial actions on vascular function. This study, therefore, aimed to assess whether GLP-1 affects insulin-stimulated vasodilator reactivity in patients with the MetS.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Forearm blood flow responses to acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were assessed in MetS patients before and after the addition of GLP-1 to an intra-arterial infusion of saline (n = 5) or insulin (n = 5). The possible involvement of oxidative stress in the vascular effects of GLP-1 in this setting was investigated by infusion of vitamin C (n = 5). The receptor specificity of GLP-1 effect during hyperinsulinemia was assessed by infusing its metabolite GLP-1(9-36) (n = 5). The metabolic actions of GLP-1 were also tested by analyzing forearm glucose disposal during hyperinsulinemia (n = 5).

RESULTS
In MetS patients, GLP-1 enhanced endothelium-dependent and -independent responses to ACh and SNP, respectively, during hyperinsulinemia (P &lt; 0.001 for both), but not during saline (P &gt; 0.05 for both). No changes in vasodilator reactivity to ACh and SNP were seen after GLP-1 was added to insulin and vitamin C (P &gt; 0.05 for both) and after GLP-1(9-36) was given during hyperinsulinemia (P &gt; 0.05 for both). Also, GLP-1 did not affect forearm glucose extraction and uptake during hyperinsulinemia (P &gt; 0.05 for both).

CONCLUSIONS
In patients with the MetS, GLP-1 improves insulin-mediated enhancement of endothelium-dependent and -independent vascular reactivity. This effect may be influenced by vascular oxidative stress and is possibly exerted through a receptor-mediated mechanism.
Decreasing Rate of Multiple Treatment Modifications among Individuals who Initiated Antiretroviral Therapy in 1997–2009 in the Danish HIV Cohort Study
Authors: Helleberg Marie , Kronborg Gitte , Larsen Carsten S , Pedersen Gitte , Pedersen Court , Nielsen Lars , Laursen Alex L , Obel Niels , Gerstoft Jan 
Published: October 2012

Background We hypothesized that rates and reasons for treatment modifications have changed since the implementation of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) due to improvements in therapy. Methods From a nationwide population-based cohort study we identified all HIV-1-infected adults who initiated cART in Denmark 1997–2009 and were followed ≥1 year. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and reasons for treatment modifications were estimated and compared between patients, who initiated treatment in 1997–1999, 2000–2004 and 2005–2009. Rates of discontinuation of individual antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) were evaluated. Results A total of 3,107 patients were followed for a median of 7.3 years (IQR 3.8–10.8). Rates of first treatment modification ≤1 year after cART initiation did not change (IRR 0.88 [95% CI 0.78, 1.01] and 1.03 [95% CI 0.90, 1.18] in 2000–2004 and 2005–2009, respectively, compared with 1997–1999). Rates of multiple modifications decreased markedly (2000–2004 IRR 0.60 [95% CI 0.53, 0.67] and 2005–2009 IRR 0.38 [95% CI 0.32, 0.46]). Rates of treatment modifications due to virological failure, toxicity and other/unknown reasons decreased (IRR 0.25 [95% CI 0.14, 0.45], 0.69 [95% CI 0.56, 0.83] and 0.45 [95% CI 0.36, 0.57], respectively, in 2005–2009 compared with 1997–1999), whereas the rate of modifications with the aim of simplification increased (IRR 1.85 [95% CI 1.52, 2.25]). Conclusions Rates of first treatment modification ≤1 year after cART initiation have not changed since the early cART era, whereas the risk of multiple modifications has decreased markedly. Modifications due to virological failure and toxicity have decreased substantially, whereas rates of switch to simpler and less toxic regimens have increased.
Pregnancy and the Risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis in a Highly Predisposed North American Native Population
Authors: PESCHKEN CHRISTINE A. , ROBINSON DAVID B. , HITCHON CAROL A. , SMOLIK IRENE , HART DONNA , BERNSTEIN CHARLES N. , EL-GABALAWY HANI S. 
Published: October 2012

Objective.To examine reproductive history and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) risk in a highly predisposed population of North American Natives (NAN) with unique fertility characteristics.Methods.The effect of pregnancy on the risk of RA was examined by comparing women enrolled in 2 studies: a study of RA in NAN patients and their unaffected relatives; and NAN patients with RA and unrelated healthy NAN controls enrolled in a study of autoimmunity. All participants completed questionnaires detailing their reproductive history.Results.Patients with RA (n = 168) and controls (n = 400) were similar overall in age, education, shared epitope frequency, number of pregnancies, age at first pregnancy, smoking, and breastfeeding history. In multivariate analysis, for women who had ≥ 6 births the OR for developing RA was 0.43 (95% CI 0.21–0.87) compared with women who had 1–2 births (p = 0.046); for women who gave birth for the first time after age 20 the OR for developing RA was 0.33 (95% CI 0.16–0.66) compared with women whose first birth occurred at age ≤ 17 (p = 0.001). The highest risk of developing RA was in the first postpartum year (OR 3.8; 95% CI 1.45–9.93) compared with subsequent years (p = 0.004).Conclusion.In this unique population, greater parity significantly reduced the odds of RA; an early age at first birth increased the odds, and the postpartum period was confirmed as high risk for RA onset. The protective effect of repeated exposure to the ameliorating hormonal and immunological changes of pregnancy may counterbalance the effect of early exposure to the postpartum reversal of these changes.
Increased Body Mass Index in Ankylosing Spondylitis Is Associated with Greater Burden of Symptoms and Poor Perceptions of the Benefits of Exercise
Authors: DURCAN LAURA , WILSON FIONA , CONWAY RICHARD , CUNNANE GAYE , O’SHEA FINBAR D. 
Published: October 2012

Objective.Increased body mass index (BMI) in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is associated with a greater burden of symptoms and poor perceptions of the benefits of exercise. In AS, the effect of obesity on disease characteristics and exercise perceptions is unknown. We evaluated the prevalence of obesity in AS, to assess the attitudes of patients toward exercise and to evaluate the effect of obesity on symptoms and disease activity.Methods.Demographic data and disease characteristics were collected from 46 patients with AS. Disease activity, symptomatology, and functional disability were examined using standard AS questionnaires. BMI was calculated. Comorbidity was analyzed using the Charlson Comorbidity Index. Patients’ attitudes toward exercise were assessed using the Exercise Benefits and Barriers Scale (EBBS). We compared the disease characteristics, perceptions regarding exercise, and functional limitations in those who were overweight to those who had a normal BMI.Results.The mean BMI in the group was 27.4; 67.5% of subjects were overweight or obese. There was a statistically significant difference between those who were overweight and those with a normal BMI regarding their perceptions of exercise (EBBS 124.7 vs 136.6, respectively), functional limitation (Bath AS Functional Index 4.7 vs 2.5, Health Assessment Questionnaire 0.88 vs 0.26), and disease activity (Bath AS Disease Activity Index 4.8 vs 2.9). There was no difference between the groups in terms of their comorbid conditions or other demographic variables.Conclusion.The majority of patients in this AS cohort were overweight. They had a greater burden of symptoms, worse perceptions regarding the benefits of exercise, and enhanced awareness of their barriers to exercising. This is of particular concern in a disease where exercise plays a crucial role.
Enthesitis-related Arthritis Is Associated with Higher Pain Intensity and Poorer Health Status in Comparison with Other Categories of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: The Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance Registry
Authors: WEISS PAMELA F. , BEUKELMAN TIMOTHY , SCHANBERG LAURA E. , KIMURA YUKIKO , COLBERT ROBERT A. 
Published: October 2012

Objective.To assess the relative effect of clinical factors and medications on pain intensity, physical function, and health status in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).Methods.We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study of data from children with JIA enrolled in the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) Registry. We tested whether clinical characteristics of JIA were associated with pain intensity, physical function, and health status using multivariable linear and ordinal logistic regression.Results.During the study period, 2571 subjects with JIA enrolled in the CARRA Registry. Ratings of pain intensity, physical function, and health status differed significantly between JIA categories. In comparison to other categories of JIA, subjects with enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA) reported worse pain and function. In multivariable analyses, higher active joint count and current use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID), biologics, or corticosteroids were associated with worse scores on all patient-reported measures. ERA and older age were significantly associated with higher pain intensity and poorer health status. Systemic JIA and uveitis were significantly associated with worse health status. Enthesitis, sacroiliac tenderness, and NSAID use were independently associated with increased pain intensity in ERA. The correlation was low between physician global assessment of disease activity and patient-reported pain intensity, physical function, and health status.Conclusion.Significant differences in pain intensity, physical function, and health status exist among JIA categories. These results suggest that current treatments may not be equally effective for particular disease characteristics more common in specific JIA categories, such as enthesitis or sacroiliac tenderness in ERA.
Le salariat dans le secteur culturel en 2009 : flexibilité et pluriactivité
Authors: Gouyon Marie , Patureau Frédérique 
Published: October 2012

Résumé En 2009, 26 millions de personnes sont salariées au moins une heure en France et, parmi elles, 697 000 interviennent dans le secteur culturel pour un volume de 557 millions d’heures, soit 800 heures annuelles en moyenne par salarié. Le salariat dans le secteur culturel (qui rassemble les trois quarts environ des actifs intervenant dans ce secteur) se caractérise par une grande flexibilité : des temps de travail courts et des rémunérations très dispersées, et un usage répandu de la pluriactivité. Les salariés sont jeunes, ce sont plutôt des hommes, ils travaillent majoritairement en Île-de-France. Les différentes activités du secteur culturel ont été regroupées en cinq grands domaines, selon une double logique de proximité des activités et de physionomie d’emploi (durée des contrats, pérennité des emplois). L’analyse présente les caractéristiques générales de l’emploi salarié en 2009 pour chacun de ces domaines : le spectacle, l’édition, l’architecture et le patrimoine, l’enseignement artistique et de loisirs et la création visuelle.
Transmettre des secrets en temps de guerre
Authors: Walter Bastian 
Published: October 2012

Le recours aux cedulae inclusae dont il est question dans l’article représente une technique efficace pour communiquer des informations. Grâce à elles, l’expéditeur restait anonyme et les informations demeuraient inconnues de ceux à qui elles n’étaient pas destinées, ce qui était particulièrement recommandé en temps de guerre. Avec elles, les dirigeants des villes ont été en mesure d’établir des réseaux de communications étendus et de renforcer la cohésion et la confiance de leurs alliés. Les informations marquées « Secret » communiquées par les Cedulae assuraient la coordination de politiques extérieures communes. Pour ceux qui en étaient parties prenantes, l’information confidentielle a constitué un lien et renforcé l’identité collective de groupe.
Le prieuré clunisen de Thierenbach (12e - 18e siècles) et son pèlerinage
Authors: Clementz Élisabeth 
Published: October 2012

Si le semis d’établissements clunisiens est dense en France, il n’en va pas de même en Allemagne, où seules les contrées périphériques sont atteintes. Thierenbach est l’un de ces prieurés fondés dans le Sud de l’Alsace, au départ comme couvent double. Malgré l’existence de cinq documents – tous faux – concernant les origines de Thierenbach, la fondation du prieuré suscite encore aujourd’hui de nombreuses questions. Elle se situe vraisemblablement dans la première moitié du 12e siècle et Ulrich de (Vaudémont-) Eguisheim apparaît comme le fondateur le moins improbable. Dès le début du 14e siècle, Thierenbach n’abrite plus que deux moines et est endetté.Thierenbach est aujourd’hui le plus grand pèlerinage marial du Sud de l’Alsace. Ce pèlerinage date très probablement du 15e siècle, car c’est à ce moment que l’église a été très fortement agrandie. L’église actuelle a été érigée en 1723 par Peter Thumb, l’architecte d’Ebersmünster et de Birnau, au bord du lac de Constance. Tout au long du 18e siècle, les religieux de Thierenbach tiennent également une école.