bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The asphericity of random 2‐dimensional complexes
Authors: Costa A.E. , Farber M. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe study random 2‐dimensional complexes in the Linial–Meshulam model and prove that for the probability parameter satisfying

urn:x-wiley:10429832:media:rsa20499:rsa20499-math-0002

a random 2‐complex Y contains several pairwise disjoint tetrahedra such that the 2‐complex Z obtained by removing any face from each of these tetrahedra is aspherical. Moreover, we prove that the obtained complex Z satisfies the Whitehead conjecture, i.e. any subcomplex is aspherical. This implies that Y is homotopy equivalent to a wedge where Z is a 2‐dimensional aspherical simplicial complex. We also show that under the assumptions

urn:x-wiley:10429832:media:rsa20499:rsa20499-math-0005

where c > 3 and , the complex Z is genuinely 2‐dimensional and in particular, it has sizable 2‐dimensional homology; it follows that in the indicated range of the probability parameter p the cohomological dimension of the fundamental group of a random 2‐complex equals 2. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 46, 261–273, 2015
Shackleton's emperor penguins
Authors: Stonehouse Bernard 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTThe loss of the expedition ship SYEndurance, and the subsequent dispersal of staff and crew, resulted in very little scientific information emerging from the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition 1914–1917. Among surviving records were the charts and diaries maintained by the ship's master, F.A. Worsley. During the voyage in January 1915 along the ice cliffs of the Weddell Sea coast, Worsley recorded the ship's daily progress, soundings and trawling and dredging activities, and also daily encounters with seals, whales and seabirds, On 12 January he noted a group of fledgling emperor penguin chicks (Aptenodytes forsteri) on an ice foot, clearly a remnant of what was then only the third-known breeding colony of the species. Shackleton's first published account of the expedition mentioned the chicks only in a brief note (one that was omitted from later editions), and no further report covering Worsley's observations appeared in scientific literature. In consequence the discovery of the breeding colony and records of emperor penguin distribution along the Weddell Sea coast have since been overlooked by avian biologists, regrettably including the present author. This paper discusses the identity of the colony, Worsley's observations that foreshadowed the later discovery of more breeding concentrations along the coast, and a possible reason why colonies occur at points of particular glaciological disturbance.
Ordering in the motet fascicles of the Florence manuscript
Authors: BRADLEY CATHERINE A. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTFlorence, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Plut.29.1 (F) is considered the earliest extant manuscript to preserve a collection of motets, with two fascicles devoted to this new genre. Scholars have long emphasised the strict liturgical sequence of the first motet fascicle, in contrast to the seeming lack of order in the second. This article engages with questions of liturgical arrangement in F, exploring the possibility of a liturgical function for motets in this source. It undertakes a re-examination of the ordering of motets in F, proposing two new organisational principles applicable across both fascicles: first, that the arrangement of motets may have been influenced by an awareness of related clausulae and discant materials extant elsewhere in F; and second, that ordering of the collection reflects the relative dissemination or ‘popularity’ of motets and their related materials.
Search for dark matter in compact hydrogen clouds
Authors: Mirabal N. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
The recently published Galactic Arecibo L-Band Feed Array-H i Compact Cloud Catalogue lists 20 neutral hydrogen clouds that might pinpoint previously undiscovered high-latitude dwarf galaxies. Detection of an associated gamma-ray dark matter signal could provide a route to distinguish unambiguously between truly dark-matter-dominated systems that have accumulated neutral hydrogen but have not successfully ignited star formation and pure gaseous structures devoid of dark matter. We use 4.3 years of Fermi observations to derive gamma-ray flux upper limits in the 1–300 GeV energy range for the sample. Limits on gamma rays from pair annihilation of dark matter are also presented depending on the yet unknown astrophysical factors.
Genetic relationships between Mt. Halla and Mongolian populations of Hipparchia autonoe (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
Authors: Cho Youngho , Park Jeong Sun , Kim Min Jee , Choi Deuk‐Soo , Nam Sang‐Ho , Kim Iksoo 
Published: April 2013

AbstractHipparchia autonoe belongs to the family Nymphalidae (Lepidoptera) and is designated as an endangered insect and national monument in Korea. It only inhabits a very restricted area on Mt. Halla but is widely distributed in several Asian countries including Mongolia. A previous study conducted to understand the genetic relationship between Mt. Halla and Mongolian H. autonoe for conservation purposes suffered from a limited number of samples. Therefore, we sequenced the DNA barcode region of an additional 36 H. autonoe individuals, combined them with previous data from 19 individuals, and performed phylogenetic and population genetic analyses. Furthermore, the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region was also sequenced from the 36 samples as a nuclear DNA marker. The existence of independent haplotypes, sequence types, and significant FST estimates (P < 0.05) between Mt. Halla and Mongolian populations indicated hampered gene flow between the populations. Nevertheless, an absence of a reciprocal monophyletic group in Mt. Halla and Mongolian populations by cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene‐ and ITS2‐based phylogeny suggests that the genetic isolation of the Mt. Halla population from the Mongolian populations seemed not large enough to consider them independent genetic entities.
No significant prognostic value of normal precursor B‐cell regeneration in paediatric acute myeloid leukaemia after induction treatment
Authors: Bras Anne E. , van den Heuvel‐Eibrink Marry M. , van der Sluijs‐Gelling Alita J. , Coenen Eva A. , Wind Henk , Zwaan C. Michel , te Marvelde Jeroen G. , van der Burg Mirjam , Gibson Brenda , Rijneveld Anita W. , de Haas Valérie , van Dongen Jacques J. M. , van der Velden Vincent H. J. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryB‐cell precursors (BCP) regeneration in bone marrow (BM) after induction chemotherapy is prognostic for good treatment response in adult acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). We detected BCP regeneration in 81% of 59 paediatric AML patients at first complete remission; this compared to 46% in an adult study. BCP regeneration did not correlate with outcome or minimal residual disease levels. In 36 healthy BM controls, BCP levels were significantly higher in children as compared to adults. Therefore, BCP regeneration does not reflect good response to treatment in paediatric AML, possibly due to the relatively high base‐line levels of BCP in children.
Unravelling the Embedded Liberal Bargain: Labour and Social Welfare Law in the Context of EU Market Integration
Authors: Ashiagbor Diamond 
Published: April 2013

AbstractEuropean economic integration with a minimalist social policy at EU level was in part made possible by strong domestic labour market and social welfare institutions. The main contention of this paper is that EU market liberalisation was embedded within institutions of social citizenship at domestic level, which served to counter the liberalisation of the internal market. But this settlement has been put under strain. In addition to the challenges posed to the sustainability of European welfare states by the global economic crisis, the internal market jurisprudence of the Court of Justice casts doubt on the sustainability of the ‘embedded liberal bargain’. This paper focuses on the role of the Court, in particular in its jurisprudence on the interaction between (EU) market freedoms and (national) labour law, which undermines the ability of states to retain their regulatory autonomy over labour or social welfare law and, arguably, speeds up the unravelling of the ‘embedded liberal bargain’.
Tibial osteomyelitis caused by Rhodococcus equi in a mature horse
Authors: Kilcoyne I. , Nieto J. , Vaughan B. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryA 7‐year‐old Paint mare presented for evaluation of a swollen right hindlimb of approximately 6 weeks' duration. Ultrasonography and radiography suggested a severe osteomyelitis and abscessation of the right tibia. Previous treatment included systemic antimicrobial therapy using procaine penicillin G (22,000 u/kg bwt, q. 12 h, i.m.) and gentamicin sulfate (6.6 mg/kg bwt, q. 24 h, i.v.) initially followed by oral doxycycline (10 mg/kg bwt, q. 12 h, per os) and rifampin (5 mg/kg bwt, q. 12 h, per os). Based on the poor prognosis the mare was subjected to euthanasia. Necropsy results subsequently revealed a severe, chronic, focal, necrotising osteomyelitis with localised cellulitis and abscessation. Rhodococcus equi was isolated from the tibia, subcutaneous abscess and from a pectoral abscess found at necropsy. Immunological testing of blood samples obtained ante mortem revealed normal blood lymphocyte phenotyping, but markedly increased IgG and IgM concentrations, indicating an active humoural response. While there have been reports of Rhodococcus equi infection in mature horses this is an area previously unreported in the literature.
Severe hypertriglyceridaemia in horses and ponies with endocrine disorders
Authors: Dunkel B. , Wilford S. A. , Parkinson N. J. , Ward C. , Smith P. , Grahame L. , Brazil T. , Schott H. C. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryReasons for performing the studySevere hypertriglyceridaemia in horses and ponies with endocrine disorders has been reported anecdotally but has not been documented in the literature.ObjectivesTo describe historical and clinicopathological findings as well as progression and outcome in horses and ponies with severe hypertriglyceridaemia (serum triglyceride concentration >5.65 mmol/l) secondary to an endocrine disorder that were otherwise apparently healthy.MethodsCases from 6 participating institutions were identified and case details extracted from the medical records.ResultsCase details of 3 horses and 4 ponies were available. Presenting complaints included weight loss despite good appetite in 4 animals, while in 3 hypertriglyceridaemia was identified incidentally. All animals were bright and alert and showed a normal or increased appetite. Serum triglyceride concentrations ranged from 10.5 to 60.3 mmol/l. Other abnormalities included hyperglycaemia in 6 animals, suspected insulin resistance and mild to severe increases in hepatic enzyme activities. In 2 animals, moderate hepatic lipidosis was confirmed histologically. Three horses and 3 ponies were diagnosed with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction based on clinical signs and basal adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) concentrations or dexamethasone suppression test results. In 5 of these,type 2diabetes mellitus was also confirmed, while one pony suffered fromtype 2diabetes mellitus without concurrent pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction. Laboratory abnormalities improved in 4 animals with treatment (pergolide and/or insulin), in one horse specific treatment was not attempted, and in 2 ponies treatment was impaired by the owner or only partly effective. In one of the latter cases, biochemical abnormalities persisted for 7 years without apparent ill effects.Conclusions and potential relevanceHorses and ponies may develop severe hypertriglyceridaemia secondary to endocrine disorders that are associated with insulin resistance. Hypertriglyceridaemia can resolve with treatment of the endocrinopathy. Although biochemical evidence of hepatic compromise was present, clinical abnormalities were not noted in these animals.
The decline of Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) in the North Pacific: insights from indigenous people, ethnohistoric records and archaeological data
Authors: Maschner Herbert D G , Trites Andrew W , Reedy‐Maschner Katherine L , Betts Matthew 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA number of hypotheses have been proposed to explain the most recent decline (1977–2012) of Steller sea lions (SSL; Eumetopias jubatus) in the Gulf of Alaska and Aleutian Islands. We examined hypotheses about fisheries competition, environmental change, predation, anthropogenic effects and disease using observations of modern Aleut and archaeological, ethnohistoric and ethnographic data from the western Gulf of Alaska and Aleutian Islands. These data indicate that Steller sea lion numbers have declined and recovered repeatedly over the past 4500 years and were last at critically low numbers during the 1870s–1930s. Steller sea lions appear to have been more abundant during the cool periods – and lower during the warmer periods. Observations by local peoples, explorers, early government surveyors and biologists since the late 1800s suggest that low populations of SSL have been associated with high populations of Gadidae fishes (Pacific cod – Gadus macrocephalus and walleye pollock – Theragra chalcogramma) and are consistent with the ocean climate hypothesis to explain the decline of sea lions. They suggest that removals by people and killer whales (Orcinus orca) did not cause the sea lion declines, but could have compounded the magnitude of the decline as sea lion numbers approached low densities. Archaeological, anthropological and ethnohistorical analyses demonstrate that fluctuations have occurred in the North Pacific over hundreds to thousands of years and provide context for understanding the changes that occur today and the changes that will continue to occur in the future.
Assessment of leaf/stem ratio in wheat straw feedstock and impact on enzymatic conversion
Authors: Zhang Heng , Fangel Jonatan U. , Willats William G.T. , Selig Michael J. , Lindedam Jane , Jørgensen Henning , Felby Claus 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe composition of wheat straw leaf and stem fractions were characterized using traditional strong acid hydrolysis, and monoclonal antibodies using comprehensive microarray polymer profiling (CoMPP). These results are then related to high throughput lignocellulose pretreatment and saccharification screening data. Pure leaf fraction of wheat straw was the least recalcitrant compared to pure stem and easily digested by commercial cellulases after moderate hydrothermal pretreatment; 63% and 31% (w/w) of glucan, 88% and 61% of xylan were released from the leaf and stem fractions, respectively. By preparing samples of various leaf‐to‐stem (L/S) ratios, we found shifting conversion behavior as processing parameters were modified. Increasing the enzyme dosage, pretreatment temperature and pretreatment time all significantly improved conversion rates in samples with more than 50% leaf content, whereas less impact was observed on samples with less than 50% leaf content. Enzyme affinity, desorption and readsorption with leaf and stem fractions may affect the sugar yield in wheat straw saccharification. The data suggest that the L/S ratio is an important parameter when adjusting or optimizing conversion processes and additionally in feedstock breeding. Furthermore, this highlights the need for rapid techniques for determining L/S ratio in wheat straw harvests. The CoMPP data on specific carbohydrates and leaf pectin highlight carbohydrate epitopes that may be useful as markers in the development of novel screening techniques; especially pectin or arabinogalactan proteins related epitopes are promising.
Implications of emissions timing on the cost‐effectiveness of greenhouse gas mitigation strategies: application to forest bioenergy systems
Authors: McKechnie Jon , MacLean Heather L. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractConventional cost‐effectiveness calculations ignore the implications of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions timing and thus may not properly inform decision‐makers in the efficient allocation of resources to mitigate climate change. To begin to address this disconnect with climate change science, we modify the conventional cost‐effectiveness approach to account for emissions timing. GHG emissions flows occurring over time are translated into an ‘Equivalent Present Emission’ based on radiative forcing, enabling a comparison of system costs and emissions on a consistent present time basis. We apply this ‘Present Cost‐Effectiveness’ method to case studies of biomass‐based electricity generation (biomass co‐firing with coal, biomass cogeneration) to evaluate implications of forest carbon trade‐offs on the cost‐effectiveness of emission reductions. Bioenergy production from forest biomass can reduce forest carbon stocks, an immediate emissions source that contributes to atmospheric greenhouse gases. Forest carbon impacts thereby lessen emission reductions in the near‐term relative to the assumption of biomass ‘carbon neutrality’, resulting in higher costs of emission reductions when emissions timing is considered. In contrast, conventional cost‐effectiveness approaches implicitly evaluate strategies over an infinite analytical time horizon, underestimating nearer term emissions reduction costs and failing to identify pathways that can most efficiently contribute to climate change mitigation objectives over shorter time spans (e.g. up to 100 years). While providing only a simple representation of the climate change implications of emissions timing, the Present Cost‐Effectiveness method provides a straightforward approach to assessing the cost‐effectiveness of emission reductions associated with any climate change mitigation strategy where future GHG reductions require significant initial capital investment or increase near‐term emissions. Timing is a critical factor in determining the attractiveness of any investment; accounting for emissions timing can better inform decisions related to the merit of alternative resource uses to meet near‐, mid‐, and long‐term climate change mitigation objectives.
Is Mindful Reflective Practice the way forward to reduce medication errors?
Authors: Pezzolesi Cinzia , Ghaleb Maisoon , Kostrzewski Andrzej , Dhillon Soraya 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Background
Medication errors can seriously affect patients and healthcare professionals. In over 60% of cases, medication errors are associated with one or more contributory; individual factors including staff being forgetful, stressed, tired or engaged in multiple tasks simultaneously, often alongside being distracted or interrupted. Routinised hospital practice can lead professionals to work in a state of mindlessness, where it is easy to be unaware of how both body and mind are functioning.

Objective
Mindfulness, defined as moment-to-moment awareness of the everyday experience, could represent a useful strategy to improve reflection in pharmacy practice. The importance of reflection to reduce diagnostic errors in medicine has been supported in the literature; however, in pharmaceutical care, reflection has also only been discussed to a limited extent. There is expanding evidence on the effectiveness of mindfulness in the treatment of many mental and physical health problems in the general population, as well as its role in enhancing decision making, empathy and reducing burnout or fatigue in medical staff.
Considering the benefits of mindfulness, the authors suggest that healthcare professionals should be encouraged to develop their practice of mindfulness. This would not only be beneficial in relieving stress, increasing attention levels and awareness, but it is believed that the integration of mindfulness and reflective practice in a ‘Mindful Reflective Practice’ could minimise some of the individual factors that lead to medication errors.

Conclusions
Mindfulness Reflective Practice could therefore represent an important element in pre-registration education and continual professional development for pharmacists and other healthcare professionals.
Genetic polymorphisms for estimating risk of atrial fibrillation: a literature‐based meta‐analysis
Authors: Smith J. G. , Almgren P. , Engström G. , Hedblad B. , Platonov P. G. , Newton‐Cheh C. , Melander O. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract.Smith JG, Almgren P, Engström G, Hedblad B, Platonov PG, Newton‐Cheh C, Melander O (Department of Cardiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; and Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA). Genetic polymorphisms for estimating risk of atrial fibrillation: a literature‐based meta‐analysis. J Intern Med 2012; doi: 10.1111/j.1365‐2796.2012.02563.xBackground.  Genetic polymorphisms associated with common aetiologically complex diseases have recently been identified through genome‐wide association studies. Direct‐to‐consumer genetic testing for such polymorphisms, with provision of absolute genetic risk estimates, is marketed by several commercial companies. Polymorphisms associated with atrial fibrillation (AF) have shown relatively large risk estimates, but the robustness of such estimates across populations and study designs has not been investigated.Design.  A systematic literature review with meta‐analysis and assessment of between‐study heterogeneity was carried out for single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the six genetic regions associated with AF in genome‐wide or candidate gene studies.Results.  Data were identified from 18 samples of European ancestry (n = 12 100 cases, 115,702 controls) for the single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) on chromosome 4q25 (rs220733), from 16 samples (n = 12 694 cases, 132 602 controls) for the SNP on 16q22 (rs2106261) and from four samples (n = 5272 cases, 59 725 controls) for the SNP in KCNH2 (rs1805123). Only the publications in which the associations were initially reported were identified for SNPs on 1q21 and in GJA5 and IL6R, why meta‐analyses were not performed for those SNPs. In overall random‐effects meta‐analyses, association with AF was observed for both SNPs on chromosomes 4q25 [odds ratio (OR), 1.67; 95% CI, 1.50–1.86, P = 2 × 10−21] and 16q22 (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.13–1.29, P = 1 × 10−8) from genome‐wide studies, but not the SNP in KCNH2 from candidate gene studies (P = 0.15). There was substantial effect heterogeneity across case–control and cross‐sectional studies for both polymorphisms (I2 = 0.50–0.78, P < 0.05), but not across prospective cohort studies (I2 = 0.39, P = 0.15). Both polymorphisms were robustly associated with AF for each study design individually (P < 0.05).Conclusions.  In meta‐analyses including up to 150 000 individuals, polymorphisms in two genetic regions were robustly associated with AF across all study designs but with substantial context‐dependency of risk estimates.
Using Action Research to Design Bereavement Software: Engaging People with Intellectual Disabilities for Effective Development
Authors: Read Sue , Nte Sol , Corcoran Patsy , Stephens Richard 
Published: April 2013

Background Loss is a universal experience and death is perceived as the ultimate loss. The overarching aim of this research is to produce a qualitative, flexible, interactive, computerised tool to support the facilitation of emotional expressions around loss for people with intellectual disabilities. This paper explores the process of using Participatory Action Research (PAR) to develop this tool.Materials and methods Participator Action Research provided the indicative framework for the process of developing a software tool that is likely to be used in practice.Results People with intellectual disability worked alongside researchers to produce an accessible, flexible piece of software that can facilitate storytelling around loss and bereavement and promote spontaneous expression that can be shared with others.Conclusion This tool has the capacity to enable individuals to capture experiences in a storyboard format; that can be stored; is easily retrievable; can be printed out; and could feasibly be personalised by the insertion of photographs.