bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gingival crevicular fluid adrenomedullin level in individuals with and without diabetes mellitus type 2
Authors: Ertugrul A. S. , Dikilitas A. , Sahin H. , Alpaslan N. Z. , Bozoglan A. 
Published: October 2012

Background and ObjectiveAdrenomedullin, an antimicrobial peptide, has biological applications in many tissues, but its main attribute is its ability to lower arterial pressure. The plasma adrenomedullin level is elevated in pathophysiological conditions such as arterial hypertension, acute coronary syndrome, renal diseases, diabetes mellitus and periodontal diseases. The aim of this study was to compare the amounts of adrenomedullin in the gingival crevicular fluid of periodontally healthy individuals, individuals with chronic periodontitis, periodontally healthy individuals with diabetes mellitus type 2 and individuals with chronic periodontitis and diabetes mellitus type 2.Material and MethodsEighty‐four individuals were included in this study: 21 periodontally healthy individuals; 21 individuals with chronic periodontitis; 21 periodontally healthy individuals with diabetes mellitus type 2; and 21 individuals with chronic periodontitis and diabetes mellitus type 2. An ELISA was performed to measure the adrenomedullin levels in gingival crevicular fluid.ResultsGroups with diabetes mellitus type 2 (periodontally healthy individuals and individuals with chronic periodontitis) had significantly higher periodontal clinical indices than did nondiabetes mellitus groups (periodontally healthy individuals and individuals with chronic periodontitis). The group of individuals with chronic periodontitis and diabetes mellitus type 2 had a significantly higher total adrenomedullin level compared with the other groups. Also, a significantly higher total adrenomedullin level was found in diabetes mellitus type 2 groups (periodontally healthy individuals and individuals with chronic periodontitis) compared with nondiabetes mellitus groups (periodontally healthy individuals and individuals with chronic periodontitis).ConclusionsAn increased adrenomedullin level was found in individuals with chronic periodontitis and also in individuals with diabetes mellitus. It is thought that the effect of diabetes mellitus on the pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis could have been achieved through antimicrobial peptides such as adrenomedullin, or that increased adrenomedullin was released in individuals with diabetes mellitus in order to ensure no further periodontal tissue loss.
Mitochondrial β‐oxidation regulates organellar integrity and is necessary for conidial germination and invasive growth in Magnaporthe oryzae
Authors: Patkar Rajesh N. , Ramos‐Pamplona Marilou , Gupta Archna P. , Fan Yang , Naqvi Naweed I. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryFatty acids stored as triglycerides, an important source of cellular energy, are catabolized through β‐oxidation pathways predicted to occur both in peroxisomes and mitochondria in filamentous fungi. Here, we characterize the function of Enoyl‐CoA hydratase Ech1, a mitochondrial β‐oxidation enzyme, in the model phytopathogen Magnaporthe oryzae. Ech1 was found to be essential for conidial germination and viability of older hyphae. Unlike wild‐type Magnaporthe, the ech1Δ failed to utilize C14 fatty acid and was partially impeded in growth on C16 and C18 fatty acids. Surprisingly, loss of β‐oxidation led to significantly altered mitochondrial morphology and integrity with ech1Δ showing predominantly vesicular/punctate mitochondria in contrast to the fused tubular network in wild‐type Magnaporthe. The ech1Δ appressoria were aberrant and displayed reduced melanization. Importantly, we show that the significantly reduced ability of ech1Δ to penetrate the host and establish therein is a direct consequence of enhanced sensitivity of the mutant to oxidative stress, as the defects could be remarkably reversed through exogenous antioxidants. Overall, our comparative analyses reveal that peroxisomal lipid catabolism is essential for appressorial function of host penetration, whereas mitochondrial β‐oxidation primarily contributes to conidial viability and maintenance of redox homeostasis during host colonization by Magnaporthe.
Menaquinone biosynthesis potentiates haem toxicity in Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Wakeman Catherine A. , Hammer Neal D. , Stauff Devin L. , Attia Ahmed S. , Anzaldi Laura L. , Dikalov Sergey I. , Calcutt M. Wade , Skaar Eric P. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryStaphylococcus aureus is a pathogen that infects multiple anatomical sites leading to a diverse array of diseases. Although vertebrates can restrict the growth of invading pathogens by sequestering iron within haem, S. aureus surmounts this challenge by employing high‐affinity haem uptake systems. However, the presence of excess haem is highly toxic, necessitating tight regulation of haem levels. To overcome haem stress, S. aureus expresses the detoxification system HrtAB. In this work, a transposon screen was performed in the background of a haem‐susceptible, HrtAB‐deficient S. aureus strain to identify the substrate transported by this putative pump and the source of haem toxicity. While a recent report indicates that HrtAB exports haem itself, the haem‐resistant mutants uncovered by the transposon selection enabled us to elucidate the cellular factors contributing to haem toxicity. All mutants identified in this screen inactivated the menaquinone (MK) biosynthesis pathway. Deletion of the final steps of this pathway revealed that quinone molecules localizing to the cell membrane potentiate haem‐associated superoxide production and subsequent oxidative damage. These data suggest a model in which membrane‐associated haem and quinone molecules form a redox cycle that continuously generates semiquinones and reduced haem, both of which react with atmospheric oxygen to produce superoxide.
Role of MyD88‐dependent and MyD88‐independent signaling in Porphyromonas gingivalis‐elicited macrophage foam cell formation
Authors: Shaik‐Dasthagirisaheb Y.B. , Huang N. , Baer M.T. , Gibson F.C. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryClinical studies and experimental modeling identify a potential link between periodontal disease and periodontal pathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and atherosclerosis and formation of macrophage foam cells. Toll‐like receptors and molecules governing their intracellular signaling pathways such as MyD88 play roles in atherosclerosis, as well as host response to P. gingivalis. The aim of this study was to define roles of MyD88 and TRIF during macrophage foam cell formation in response to P. gingivalis. In the presence of human low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) mouse bone‐marrow‐derived macrophages (BMφ) cultured with P. gingivalis responded with significant reduction in tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6). The BMφ stained strongly with oil red O, regardless of whether bacterial challenge occurred concurrent with or before LDL treatment. Heat‐killed P. gingivalis stimulated foam cell formation in a similar way to live bacteria. The BMφ from MyD88‐knockout and Lps2 mice revealed a significant role for MyD88, and a minor role for TRIF in P. gingivalis‐elicited foam cell formation. Porphyromonas gingivalis‐elicited TNF‐α and IL‐6 were affected by MyD88 ablation and to a lesser extent by TRIF status. These data indicate that LDL affects the TNF‐α and IL‐6 response of macrophages to P. gingivalis challenge and that MyD88 and TRIF play important roles in P. gingivalis‐elicited foam cell formation.
Calmodulin‐related CML24 interacts with ATG4b and affects autophagy progression in Arabidopsis
Authors: Tsai Yu‐Chang , Koo Yeonjong , Delk Nikkí A. , Gehl Bernadette , Braam Janet 
Published: October 2012

SummaryPlants encounter environmental stress challenges that are distinct from those of other eukaryotes because of their relative immobility. Therefore, plants may have evolved distinct regulatory mechanisms for conserved cellular functions. Plants, like other eukaryotes, share aspects of both calcium‐ and calmodulin‐based cellular signaling and the autophagic process of cellular renewal. Here, we report a novel function for an Arabidopsis calmodulin‐related protein, CML24, and insight into ATG4‐regulated autophagy. CML24 interacts with ATG4b in yeast two‐hybrid, in vitro pull‐down and transient tobacco cell transformation assays. Mutants with missense mutations in CML24 have aberrant ATG4 activity patterns in in vitro extract assays, altered ATG8 accumulation levels, an altered pattern of GFP–ATG8‐decorated cellular structures, and altered recovery from darkness‐induced starvation. Together, these results support the conclusion that CML24 affects autophagy progression through interactions with ATG4.
Chlorophyll a phytylation is required for the stability of photosystems I and II in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803
Authors: Shpilyov Alexey V. , Zinchenko Vladislav V. , Grimm Bernhard , Lokstein Heiko 
Published: October 2012

SummaryIn oxygenic phototrophic organisms, the phytyl ‘tail’ of chlorophyll a is formed from a geranylgeranyl residue by the enzyme geranylgeranyl reductase. Additionally, in oxygenic phototrophs, phytyl residues are the tail moieties of tocopherols and phylloquinone. A mutant of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 lacking geranylgeranyl reductase, ΔchlP, was compared to strains with specific deficiencies in either tocopherols or phylloquinone to assess the role of chlorophyll a phytylatation (versus geranylgeranylation). The tocopherol‐less Δhpt strain grows indistinguishably from the wild‐type under ‘standard’ light photoautotrophic conditions, and exhibited only a slightly enhanced rate of photosystem I degradation under strong irradiation. The phylloquinone‐less ΔmenA mutant also grows photoautotrophically, albeit rather slowly and only at low light intensities. Under strong irradiation, ΔmenA retained its chlorophyll content, indicative of stable photosystems. ΔchlP may only be cultured photomixotrophically (due to the instability of both photosystems I and II). The increased accumulation of myxoxanthophyll in ΔchlP cells indicates photo‐oxidative stress even under moderate illumination. Under high‐light conditions, ΔchlP exhibited rapid degradation of photosystems I and II. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that chlorophyll a phytylation is important for the (photo)stability of photosystems I and II, which, in turn, is necessary for photoautotrophic growth and tolerance of high light in an oxygenic environment.
Image registration using radial basis functions with adaptive radius
Authors: Shusharina Nadezhda , Sharp Gregory 
Published: October 2012

Purpose:Deformable registration of medical images often requires initial rigid alignment. Because of variations in the articulation of bony structures, rigid alignment can capture only limited regions of the image. We propose a method that allows us to compensate for misalignment of mobile parts, which leads to improved accuracy of deformable registration. The method is based on matching landmarks using radial basis functions (RBF) with adaptive radius.Methods:Based on the assumption that the compactly positioned landmarks likely delineate an anatomic structure whose position needs to be corrected, the algorithm incorporates unsupervised clustering of landmarks based on their positions within the reference image. It calculates an appropriate RBF radius based on the set of pairwise distances between landmarks within the cluster. The algorithm distinguishes between clusters of different size and between clusters of spherical and elongated shape, and assigns the optimal RBF radius for each cluster in order to restrict the deformation field to the closest vicinity of the structure of interest.Results:Experiments with synthetic images demonstrate sensitivity of registration results to the choice of the radius of RBF support. We have statistically validated the methods on a large set of pulmonary landmarks. We also tested the method on medical use cases that show that it is potentially advantageous for initial registration of images with large spatial dislocations.Conclusions:The results of registration of CT images demonstrate that an automated selection of the RBF radius simplifies the registration routine and improves the registration quality. The selection is based on two criteria of preserving diffeomorphism of deformation and localization of the deformation within a desired area of the image.
Draft Genome Sequence of Staphylococcus vitulinus F1028, a Strain Isolated from a Block of Fermented Soybean
Authors: Nam Young-Do , Chung Won-Hyong , Seo Myung-Ji , Lim Seong-Il 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACT

Staphylococcus vitulinus
is a coagulase-negative staphylococcus in the family
Staphylococcaceae
. This report describes the draft genome sequence of
S. vitulinus
F1028, which was isolated from a traditional Korean soybean food (meju). This 2.56-Mbp genome sequence is the first
S. vitulinus
genome of a strain isolated from a fermented soybean product.
Draft Genome Sequence of Bacillus anthracis UR-1, Isolated from a German Heroin User
Authors: Rückert Christian , Licht Katharina , Kalinowski Jörn , Espírito Santo Christophe , Antwerpen Markus , Hanczaruk Matthias , Reischl Udo , Holzmann Thomas , Gessner André , Tiemann Carsten , Grass Gregor 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACT

We report the draft genome sequence of
Bacillus anthracis
UR-1, isolated from a fatal case of injectional anthrax in a German heroin user. Analysis of the genome sequence of strain UR-1 may aid in describing phylogenetic relationships between virulent heroin-associated isolates of
B. anthracis
isolated in the United Kingdom, Germany, and other European countries.
Genomic Comparison of Kingella kingae Strains
Authors: Fournier Pierre-Edouard , Rouli Laetitia , El Karkouri Khalid , Nguyen Thi-Tien , Yagupsky Pablo , Raoult Didier 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACT

Kingella kingae
is a betaproteobacterium from the order
Neisseriales
, and it is an agent of invasive infections in children. We sequenced the genome from the septic arthritis strain 11220434. It is composed of a 1,990,794-bp chromosome but no plasmid, and it contains 2,042 protein-coding genes and 52 RNA genes, including 3 rRNA genes.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bloodstream Isolate PABL056
Authors: Ozer Egon A. , Allen Jonathan P. , Hauser Alan R. 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
is an important cause of disease in hospitalized and immunocompromised patients. The genome of
P. aeruginosa
is among the largest of bacteria pathogenic to humans. We present the draft genome sequence of
P. aeruginosa
strain PABL056, a human bloodstream isolate with the largest genome yet reported in
P. aeruginosa
.
Complete Genome Sequence of Methylocystis sp. Strain SC2, an Aerobic Methanotroph with High-Affinity Methane Oxidation Potential
Authors: Dam Bomba , Dam Somasri , Kube Michael , Reinhardt Richard , Liesack Werner 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACT

Methylocystis
sp. strain SC2 is an aerobic type II methanotroph isolated from a highly polluted aquifer in Germany. A specific trait of the SC2 strain is the expression of two isozymes of particulate methane monooxygenase with different methane oxidation kinetics. Here we report the complete genome sequence of this methanotroph that contains not only a circular chromosome but also two large plasmids.
Genome Sequence of Legionella tunisiensis Strain LegM
T
, a New Legionella Species Isolated from Hypersaline Lake Water
Authors: Pagnier Isabelle , Boughalmi Mondher , Croce Olivier , Robert Catherine , Raoult Didier , La Scola Bernard 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACT

Legionella tunisiensis
is a gammaproteobacterium from the class
Legionellaceae
, growing in amoebae. We sequenced the genome from strain LegM
T
. It is composed of 3,508,121 bp and contains 4,747 protein-coding genes and 38 RNA genes, including 3 rRNA genes.
Draft Genome Sequences of Two Streptococcus pyogenes Strains Involved in Abnormal Sharp Raised Scarlet Fever in China, 2011
Authors: You Yuanhai , Yang Xianwei , Song Yanyan , Yan Xiaomei , Yuan Yanting , Li Dongfang , Yan Yanfeng , Wang Haibin , Tao Xiaoxia , Li Leilei , Jiang Xihong , Zhou Hao , Xiao Di , Jin Lianmei , Feng Zijian , Yang Ruifu , Luo Fengji , Cui Yujun , Zhang Jianzhong 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACT

A scarlet fever outbreak caused by
Streptococcus pyogenes
occurred in China in 2011. To determine the genomic features of the outbreak strains, we deciphered genomes of two strains isolated from the regions with the highest incidence rates. The sequences will provide valuable information for comprehensive study of mechanisms related to this outbreak.
Draft Genome Sequence of an Extremely Drug-Resistant KPC-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST258 Epidemic Strain
Authors: Chmelnitsky I. , Doniger T. , Shklyar M. , Naparstek L. , Banin E. , Edgar R. , Carmeli Y. 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACT

Extremely drug-resistant (XDR)
Klebsiella pneumoniae
carbapenemase-producing clone ST258 has rapidly disseminated worldwide. We report here the draft genome sequence of the
K. pneumoniae
ST258 XDR clinical strain from Israel.
DOES PRE-LICENSED DRIVING EXPERIENCE AFFECT CRASH RISK AS AN UNSUPERVISED RESTRICTED LICENSED DRIVER? FINDINGS FROM THE NEW ZEALAND DRIVERS STUDY
Authors: Begg D , Langley J , Brookland R , Gulliver P , Ameratunga S 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundThere is a popular notion that driving experience before commencing licensing may help improve driver safety as a newly licensed driver. The limited empirical evidence available suggests that the opposite may be the case.AimTo examine the relationship between on and off road pre-licensed driving experience and crash risk as an unsupervised restricted licensed driver.MethodsThe New Zealand Drivers Study (NZDS) - a prospective cohort study – included 1,424 15-24 year old drivers who completed study-specific interviews at each licence stage (learner, restricted and full) of the graduated licensing process. Pre-licensed driving experience, car/motorcycle use both on and off road, demographic and behavioural data were obtained at the learner licence interview. Car driving exposure data was obtained at restricted and full licence interviews. Crash data sources were police traffic crash reports and self-reports.ResultsUsing multivariate logistic regression, after controlling for potential confounders (driving exposure, gender, residential location, alcohol, cannabis, herbal high use, impulsivity, sensation seeking, aggression/hostility), off road motorcycle use (OR=1.9) was the only pre-licensed driving behaviour associated with crash riskContribution to the FieldOverall, pre-licensed driving experience did not affect crash risk when unsupervised driving was allowed, although off road motorcycling may increase risk.
DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF EVIDENCE-BASED INTERVENTIONS FOR DROWNING PREVENTION IN AN EXPANSION SITE IN DAGUPAN CITY, PHILIPPINES
Authors: Basilio JA , Guevarra JP , Orbillo L , Go JJ 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundFrom 2009 to 2010, drowning prevention interventions were implemented in two pilot sites in the cities of Dagupan and Lingayen. With the support of the local leadership, these initiatives proved to be worthwhile endeavours in support of the Child Injury Prevention Programme of the Department of Health (DOH), Philippines. With the successful implementation of interventions in the pilot sites, the DOH embarked on an expansion project to another community in the City of Dagupan. It is hoped that this will contribute to the decrease in the incidents of drowning in the expansion site.ObjectiveTo develop and implement evidence-based interventions for drowning prevention in the community.MethodsQualitative data collection techniques such as Key Informant Interviews, Focus Group Discussions, Review of Records, and Community Walk-throughs were used.ResultsUsing the Haddon Matrix, findings revealed several factors that may have led to incidents of drowning in the community. Results were presented to the village members and priority interventions were implemented from September to December 2011. Village Drowning Prevention Committee was formed, capability-building activities were done, barriers were constructed and open dug wells were reconstructed and covered. It is hoped that these interventions will address drowning incidents in the community.Significance/Contribution to the FieldDifferent community drowning prevention strategies were implemented such as formation of drowning prevention committee, barriers (door, house, backyard), training programmes, reconstruction and covering of wells.
INCEPTION RESULT OF IMPLEMENTATION OF SENTINEL SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM ON DROWNING IN THE COMMUNITY FROM 6 TO 12/2011
Authors: Khieu TQT , Luong MA , Tran TNL 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundDrowning is the second leading cause of death related injury. However, collecting and reporting data of drowning is not adequate. Factors associated with drowning have not been thoroughly examined.Objective and methoduse of cross-sectional descriptive method to describe the status and risks of drowning. Interviewers interviewed all drowned deceased' relatives or near-drowned people.ResultsTotal drowning cases within 6 months was 312. Deaths were accounted for 39.1%. Drowning occurred mostly in age group 0–4 with 26.29%; followed by age group 5–9 and 10–14 with 21.47% and 18.9%, respectively. 43.27% of drowning cases happened in the area inside home. Drowning in children from 0 to 4 seemed to occur inside home in compare to outside home. 82.22% of place of drowning at home was pond (based on local custom, making ponds inside home brings luckiness). 90.96% of ponds, lakes or rivers do not have warning signs. 25.32% of people with drowning can swim. Among them, 21.5% of cases occurred due to cramp. 71.15% of people received first aid after drowning. 56.1% of people had adequate knowledge on drowning prevention.SignificanceThe study recommends strengthen first aid for drowning, make warning board and fence around watery place, well practice or massage of calves before swimming to prevent cramp, improve IEC on drowning prevention and promote the quality of drowning surveillance system.
COSTING OF INJURY: A POWERFUL PERSUADER TO INITIATE PLANNING IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Authors: Verma PK 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundCost-effectiveness of injury prevention programme can only be realised if injury prevention strategies cost is compared with injury burden cost.ObjectiveCalculate cost of injury.MethodsCost calculation based on injury data collected from 30 554(urban), 1095(rural) population and 5500 injured victims treated in hospital of Delhi.ResultsCost per injury was Rs. 674.1/minor injury, Rs. 2480.0/moderate injury, Rs. 14 620.4/severe injury, Rs. 16 666.7/critical injury and Rs.55 000.0/maximum injury. Average cost was Rs. 2627.2 in urban area. Cost among rural population was Rs. 639/injury. Cost in government hospital was Rs. 4778/injured. 9.8% injuries in rural and 24.5% injuries in urban area were treated in government hospitals. Average cost calculated for each injury including expenditure by individuals and government was Rs. 3798.2 (US$ 82.6) for urban area and Rs.1107.4 (US$ 24.1) for rural area. The possibility of annual expenditure on injury by each individual was Rs. 277.7 in urban area (cost per injury Rs. 3798.2×incidence of injury 0.0731) and Rs. 103.0 per year in rural area (cost per injury Rs.1107.4×incidence of injury 0.093). So out of annual per capita income of Rs. 3120.0 (US$ 67.8) in India, 8.9% per capita income in urban area and 3.3% per capita income in rural area was invested on injury. GNP loss of India due to injury was 124.1 billions Indian rupees or US$ 2.7 billions.SignificanceIt is a must to ascertain burden of injury in terms of cost or loss of gross nation product to initiate an injury prevention programme.