bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A fully superconducting magnetic bearing with a jointless coil excited by a superconducting dynamo
Authors: Espenhahn Tilo , Hühne Ruben 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Superconducting magnetic bearings usually combine a setup of permanent magnets (PMs) and superconducting bulks. The bearing size is typically scaled up to increase the levitation force as the force density is limited in such setups due to the magnetic flux density and its spatial gradient. As alternative, the PMs might be replaced by a superconducting coil. To test this, jointless coils were prepared by a wind and flip technology using coated conductors of different tape manufacturers. The realized pancake coils were studied at liquid nitrogen temperature. Numerical simulations yielded a magnetic field of up to 0.5 T at 77 K for coils with a inner diameter of 20 mm. The prepared coils were charged with a superconducting dynamo, in which two magnet configurations were tested. A clear dependence on the magnet size and frequency was found for the charging characteristics. A magnetic field of about 0.3 T at 77 K was imprinted in one of the coils. However, a degradation of the coils was found over time indicated by some delamination at the cutted edges, which reduced the maximum achievable magnetic field after a few weeks. Nevertheless, a fully superconducting bearing was realized with by combining the jointless coil with an additional YBCO bulk. After charging the coil with the dynamo, a levitation force of up to 10 N at 77 K was measured under zero-field cooling conditions. The generated levitation force decayed only slightly after charging indicating low losses in the coil.
Reducing the number of qubits in quantum simulations of one dimensional many-body Hamiltonians
Authors: Mehrabankar Somayeh , Ángel García-March Miguel , Almudéver Carmen G , Pérez Armando 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We investigate the Ising and Heisenberg models using the block renormalization group method (BRGM), focusing on its behavior across different system sizes. The BRGM reduces the number of spins by a factor of 1/2 (1/3) for the Ising (Heisenberg) model, effectively preserving essential physical features of the model while using only a fraction of the spins. Through a comparative analysis, we demonstrate that as the system size increases, there is an exponential convergence between results obtained from the original and renormalized Ising Hamiltonians, provided the coupling constants are redefined accordingly. Remarkably, for a spin chain with 24 spins, all physical features, including magnetization, correlation function, and entanglement entropy, exhibit an exact correspondence with the results from the original Hamiltonian. The study of the Heisenberg model also shows this tendency, although complete convergence may appear for a size much larger than 24 spins, and is therefore beyond our computational capabilities. The success of BRGM in accurately characterizing the Ising model, even with a relatively small number of spins, underscores its robustness and utility in studying complex physical systems, and facilitates its simulation on current NISQ computers, where the available number of qubits is largely constrained.
Position dependent mass dissipative scalar field at finite temperature
Authors: Jafari Marjan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Position dependent mass dissipative scalar field is a theoretical framework that combines the concepts of position-dependent mass and dissipative systems in the context of scalar field theory. In this framework, the mass of the scalar field is allowed to vary with position, leading to interesting physical phenomena such as non-locality and non-Hermiticity. We consider a generalized classical Lagrangian for the system and by developing a theoretical formulation, quantized system canonically. In follow, two-point correlation functions of the system is obtained at finite temperature and Free energy of the system is calculated in terms of Matsubara frequencies. This research can provide insights into the behavior of particles and fields in non-uniform environments, and has potential applications in various fields of physics.
Dynamical theory of single-photon transport through a qubit chain coupled to a one-dimensional nanophotonic waveguide
Authors: Greenberg Ya S , Chuikin O A , Shtygashev A A , Moiseev A G 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We study the dynamics of a single-photon pulse traveling through a linear qubit chain coupled to continuum modes in a one-dimensional (1D) photonic waveguide. We derive a time-dependent dynamical theory for qubits’ amplitudes and for transmitted and reflected spectra. We show that the requirement for the photon-qubit coupling to exist only for positive frequencies can significantly change the dynamics of the system. First, it leads to the additional photon-mediated dipole-dipole interaction between qubits which results in the violation of the phase coherence between them. Second, the spectral lines of transmitted and reflected spectra crucially depend on the shape of the incident pulse and on the initial distance between the pulse center and the first qubit in the chain. We apply our theory to one-qubit and two-qubit systems. For these cases we obtain the explicit expressions for the qubits’ amplitudes and for the photon radiation spectra as time tends to infinity. Specific calculations are performed for superconducting qubits operating in GHz frequency range. For the incident Gaussian wave packet we calculate the line shapes of transmitted and reflected photons.
Graviton mass due to dark energy as a superconducting medium-theoretical and phenomenological aspects
Authors: Inan Nader , Ali Ahmed Farag , Jusufi Kimet , Yasser Abdelrahman 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
It is well known that the cosmological constant term in the Einstein field
equations can be interpreted as a stress tensor for dark energy. This stress
tensor is formally analogous to an elastic constitutive equation in
continuum mechanics. As a result, the cosmological constant leads to a
“shear modulus” and “bulk modulus” affecting all gravitational fields in the
universe. The form of the constitutive equation is also analogous to the
London constitutive equation for a superconductor. Treating dark energy as a
type of superconducting medium for gravitational waves leads to a Yukawa-like gravitational potential and a massive graviton within standard General Relativity. We discuss a number of resulting phenomenological aspects such as a screening length scale that can also be used to describe the effects generally attributed to dark matter. In addition, we find a gravitational wave plasma frequency, index of refraction, and impedance. The expansion of the universe is interpreted
as a Meissner-like effect as dark energy causes an outward “expulsion” of space-time similar to a superconductor
expelling a magnetic field. The fundamental cause of these effects is
interpreted as a type of spontaneous symmetry breaking of a scalar field.
There is an associated chemical potential, critical temperature, and an
Unruh-Hawking effect associated with the formulation.
Investigation of the Performance of Basalt Rebar’s as Reinforcement in Concrete Beam
Authors: Biradar Sangmesh V , Mugutkar Abhay , Vijaya Gowri T. , Shivaraj S J 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Now a day’s concrete is the main component in the construction. The tensile strength, ductility, and crack resistance of plain concrete are low. Fiber rebar reinforcing material possesses high tensile strength, non-corrosive, thermally resistant, alkaline resistant, and is cost-effective, making it a good material for concrete reinforcement. The basalt rebar is the new virgin material with enhanced the characteristics and strength. In this paper mechanical properties of basalt rebar, flexural performance of concrete beams reinforced by varying the ratio of flexural reinforcement such as 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6% of basalt rebar compared to reinforced with steel and also ductility of beams was studied. The results showed that deformations of concrete beams with basalt rebar have three to four time more than the beams with steel. The characteristic of flexibility in the RC beams caused the difference to drop to 40% at the last stage of loading. Theoretical moment capacity is calculated by using IS 456:2000, at 0.4% reinforcement, the experimental and theoretical moment capacity of S3 and BR3 are nearly same. But in 0.2% and 0.6% of reinforcement for conventional and basalt RC beams varies. By increases the percentage of reinforcement in basalt reinforced concrete beams with increased in ductility of the beam and also deformation.
ML Based Damage Detection in Simply Supported Beams Using Free Vibration Data
Authors: Chitram Pavan , Alapati Mallika 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Monitoring structural damage in terms of material degradation is extremely important for enhancing the residual life of civil infrastructure. For the past two decades vibration based techniques have gained importance in the field of structural engineering in damage detection. The changes in the dynamic characteristics are observed due to changes in the mass and stiffness of the structure/structural component. The present paper focuses on detection of damage through vibration analysis in simply supported beams and predicting the damage extent using machine learning technique. The numerical model is validated against the standard Euler-Bernoulli beam subjected to free vibration. The same finite element model is subjected to induced damage in terms of change in material properties. Modal characteristics of all the damage scenarios i.e. reduction in Young’s modulus by 10% -80% with increment of 10% at a time are captured and a machine learning algorithm (Support Vector Machine) is developed for the prediction of damage extent. It is concluded that the SVM algorithm is effective in the case of natural frequencies as input features rather than statistical parameters as input features in predicting the damage extent in the beams.
Development of High Performance Concrete Inclusion of Sustainable Materials and Construction & Demolition Waste
Authors: TejaSindhura R , Narendra Kumar B 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The sustainable materials usage in construction sector has been increased gradually nowadays. This can be helpful in reducing the environmental impact by manufacturing process of cement to some extent, because consumption of the cement has adversely increased from last ten years and it will be more in coming years. Also construction demolition waste can be included as an aggregates. This research study mainly focusses on the high performance sustainable mix of grade M40, where Sustainable materials like Fly ash, GGBS, & demolition waste from construction was used. From this study analyzing of mechanical properties at the age of 7days, 28days, 56days, 90days and ongoing examine was done at the age of 56 and 90days for durability properties. The concrete shows the early age, mid age and the long term age strength variations of the compressive strength by satisfying all the standards for grade M40. In conclusion, the high performance concrete using sustainable materials and construction demolition aggregate waste which reduces the environmental impact while achieving great mechanical and durability properties. Also this mix offers a good workable answer for the environmental aware projects.
Implementation of industrial waste Ferro Silica Slag in conventional concrete-A sustainable approach
Authors: Sundeep Kumar K , Guru Prathap Reddy V. , Subba Reddy P.V. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Ferro silica slag (FSS) is a byproduct of ferrosilicon metal smelting in alloy manufacturing plants. The physical and chemical properties, like fineness (i.e. Blaine value), oxide composition, silicon dioxide (SiO2), and specific gravity, are similar to those of silica fume (SF). In the present study use of Ferro silica slag replacement of natural coarse aggregate with various proportions to achieve the sustainable environment to reduce the use of natural coarse aggregate. The replacement of Ferro silica slag at 0% to 100% with 20% increasement of natural coarse aggregate, to find the fresh properties (slump cone test, compaction factor test), hardened properties compression test, flexure test, split tensile test and micro structure properties are investigated. The aggregate proportions in the mix affect the strength, durability, and other structural properties of concrete. The nature of silica agglomeration development in FSS was determined by this investigation, and the hydraulic properties of FSS were examined using SEM and EDAX, revealing quantitative results on Ca (OH)2 and C-S-H gel. The mechanical properties are improved at 40% replacement of FSS. As a result, FSS exhibited greater pozzolanic action and dense pore structure, implying compatible strength development and, certain, higher durability.
Geo-Informatics for Analysing the Impacts of Aquaculture Practices on Soil and Water Resources - A Case Study of Akividu Mandal, A.P.
Authors: Wasim Akram Muhammed B. , Murali Krishna G. , Mahammood Vazeer , Victor Babu N. , Samuel Raj A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The proliferation of aqua ponds in aquaculture has resulted in elevated effluents containing diverse chemical compounds, significantly affecting environmental quality due to inadequate holistic management of land and water resources. This study conducted an experimental investigation involving the collection and analysis of water samples from aquaculture ponds, subsurface sources and canals, alongside soil samples from aquaculture ponds, subsurface areas and agricultural fields. Evaluation of water quality employed the Conventional Water Quality Index, Nemerow’s Pollution Index, and Compliance Approach Method. Soil health assessment mapped various properties across 15 villages in Akividu Mandal. Spatial interpolation techniques (IDW) were employed to map water and soil quality distributions, revealing insights into quality indices and their impact on regional aquaculture practices and resources.
A wide input range capacitor-free LDO circuit
Authors: Li Zhening , Huang Shengming 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A wide input range LDO circuit is proposed and designed based on the Xintang 0.35uBCD process in this paper. Without an external output capacitor, the designed LDO has a stable 5 V output voltage at an input range of 5-16 V input. The LDO has low overshoot voltage and fast recovery time. Meanwhile, design improvements have been made to the bandgap reference generator. Adopting an amplifier-free structure, this bandgap reference generator can stably generate a reference voltage of 1.24 V with a temperature coefficient of 10.58 ppm/°C. The LDO circuit can drive a maximum load of 30 mA. When the load is 30 mA, the LDO has a power suppression ratio of 83.01 dB at 1 KHz. It has a high loop gain, and the phase margin reaches 65°.
Hardware circuit design of intelligent fast charger control system
Authors: Tang Lili , Wang Yubo , Fang Tianyu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This design is an intelligent fast charger system based on the STC89C52 MCU. The system uses the battery management chip MAX1811, which can control the intelligent charging of lithium batteries. Users can adjust the power mode through pre-set buttons, including fast and slow charging modes. The charging system will detect battery parameters and then charge the battery. During the charging process, the system uses the MAX157 chip to detect battery parameters and check for any abnormalities. A portion of the battery data detected by the chip will be sent to the LCD screen LCD1602 through the MCU. Users can understand the battery situation in real time. After charging is completed, the system will remind users promptly through LED alarm lights and buzzers, and turn on power-off protection to ensure battery safety. The system uses a USB connector for power supply. Charging the lithium battery through the output interface will reset the system every time the power is turned on, requiring the user to reset the battery charging system.
Study of the effect of detector to front-end electronics distance on the spectrometric performances of solid-state detectors
Authors: Angelone M. , Morichi M. , Pillon M. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Solid-state detectors are used for charge particles
detection and spectrometry with front-end electronics located,
usually, next to the detectors. Therefore, in some applications, due
to high-level radiation, high temperature and/or electro-magnetic
noises (e.g. in nuclear fusion energy experiments, high energy
accelerators, etc.) there could be the need to locate the front-end
electronics far away from the detector. To solve the problem a
matching sensitive charge amplifier (MSCA) with AC coupled
input was designed by Roberto Cardarelli (former INFN scientist) for
measurements at the fusion JET tokamak (U.K.). The prototype,
composed of two amplification stages, was “ad hoc” designed for
use with Diamond detectors and resulted very reliable. A commercial
version of the MSCA was then developed and is now available on the
market. Its novelty and main advantage, with respect to the former
version, is to be used also with other fast detectors e.g. Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) with high counting speed and Silicon
detectors. The commercial MSCA features input impedance very close
to 50 Ohm, which can be matched to a 50-Ohm transmission line. This
allows locating the amplifier at variable distances from the
detector and up to 100 m. These claimed performances result very
interesting for solid state detectors, therefore, up to now a few
applications of MSCA are reported in the literature and a systematic
study of its performances is missing. In this work, an analysis of
the spectrometric performances of Diamond and Silicon detectors
coupled to MSCA located at various distances (up to 48 m) from the
detectors is reported. Pulse height spectra of a multi-peaks alpha
source were measured using MSCA amplifier and compared with those
obtained using a standard charge sensitive preamplifier (CA). Then,
the effect of the distance between detectors and amplifiers was
investigated using standard RG58 and double shielded RG214 coaxial
cables. The results are presented and discussed.
Preparation, optimisation, and properties of O-carboxymethyl chitosan-g-cholesterol succinic acid monoester polymer nanomicelles
Authors: Li Rui , Hao Rui , Xu Chu , Chen Jue , Lu Liyan , Wang Yu , Ruan Wenhui 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Polymer nanomicelles have the advantages of small particle size, improved drug solubility, retention effect and enhanced permeability, so they can be used in the treatment of tumour diseases. The aim of this study was to prepare and optimise a nanomicelle which can improve the solubility of insoluble drugs. Firstly, the carboxyl group of cholesterol succinic acid monoester was grafted with the side chain amino group of O-carboxymethyl chitosan-g-cholesterol succinic acid monoester (CCMC), and its structure was characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR). Particle size has an important impact on tissue distribution, cell uptake, permeability and inhibition of tumour tissue. In this study, particle size and polydispersity index (PDI) were selected as indexes to optimise the preparation process of CCMC nanomicelles through single factor experiment, Plackett–Burman experiment, the steepest climbing experiment and response surface design experiment. The optimised CCMC nanomicelles showed an average particle size of 173.9 ± 2.3 nm and a PDI of 0.170 ± 0.053. The Cell Counting Kit-8 assay showed no significant effect on cell viability in the range of 0–1000 μg ml−1 concentration. Coumarin-6 (C6) was used as a fluorescent probe to investigate the drug-carrying ability of CCMC nanomicelles. C6-CCMC showed 86.35 ± 0.56% encapsulation efficiency with a drug loading of 9.18 ± 0.32%. Both CCMC and C6-CCMC demonstrated excellent stability in different media. Moreover, under the same conditions, the absorption effect of C6 in C6-CCMC nanomicelles was significantly higher than that of free C6 while also exhibiting good sustained-release properties. Therefore, this study demonstrates CCMC nanomicelles as a promising new drug carrier that can significantly improve insoluble drug absorption.
Exploring of exosomes in pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapeutic of osteonecrosis of the femoral head: the mechanisms and signaling pathways
Authors: Chen Sheqing , Liu Jin , Zhang Nuoya , Zhao Jingjing , Zhao Suqing 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a refractory disease affecting young adults, resulting in severe hip pain, femoral head collapse, and disabling dysfunction. By far, the underlying mechanism of its pathology is unclear, and still lack of a mature and effective treatment. Exosomes, a regulator of cell–cell communication, their cargos may vary in response to different physiological or pathological conditions. To date, many studies have demonstrated that exosomes have the potential to become a diagnostic marker and therapeutic agent in many human diseases including ONFH. As a cell-free therapeutic agent, exosomes are becoming a promising tool within this field due to their crucial role in osteogenesis and angiogenesis in recent decades. Usually, exosomes from ONFH tissues could promote ONFH damage, while stem cells derived exosomes could delay diseases and repair femoral head necrosis. Herein, we describe the properties of exosomes, discuss its effect on pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment potential in ONFH, and examine the involvement of different signaling pathways. We also propose our suggestions for the future research of exosomes in ONFH field and hope to provide a potential therapeutic strategy for patients with ONFH.
Reliability and resilience of environmental flows under uncertainty: reconsidering water year types and inconsistent flow requirements in California
Authors: Facincani Dourado Gustavo , Viers Joshua H 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Environmental water allocation in California is a complex legal process involving various government agencies and stakeholders. E-flow requirements can be based on annual runoff typologies called water year types (WYTs), which dictate water volume, timing, and duration. In this study, we examined hydropower licensing documents of the major water and power projects in the Central Sierra Nevada to catalog e-flow requirements by WYT. In this study case, we identify how WYT classification systems and categories vary across and within different basins. Additionally, we assessed the impacts of climate change on hydrology, the frequency of WYTs identified, and the reliability and resilience of e-flows using future projections (2031–2060) of 10 Global Circulation Models (GCMs). We then propose a potential adaptation strategy using a 30 year moving percentiles approach to recalculate WYTs. We identified eight WYT classifications systems were identified, and their WYT distributions statistically significantly changes across all GCMs, even though most GCMs indicate no statistically significant change in hydrology. Disparities in future impacts are observed among and within hydropower projects, with some river reaches showing negative impacts on reliability and resilience. The adaptation strategy can generally boost resilience and improve reliability, but simply updating existing WYT thresholds without flexible regulatory frameworks reconsidering WYTs and e-flows thresholds, may not yield substantial improvements. Challenges in managing e-flows in California within regulatory and hydroclimatic contexts are intricate due to the lack of standardized approaches, leading to inconsistencies and potential conflicts among stakeholders, that will likely be exacerbated by climate change. Thus, we emphasize that targeted, site-specific, and adaptive management strategies are crucial, besides the need for a harmonized and consistent approach to defining and applying WYT categories and methods and/or e-flow assessments.