bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal Patterns, Causes, and Risk Determinants of Lower Respiratory Infections in BRICS+ Countries: A Longitudinal Inter-Country Assessment of Disease Burdens
Authors: Chen Jiakang , He Nanhao , Allel Kasim , Fang Xiaoyi , Chen Jiaqiang , Tu Ruiyang , Zhuo Chuyue , Zou Guanyang , Zhuo Chao 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

With the inclusion of new member states, nearly half of the world's population today residence in the BRICS + countries. However, no studies have systematically assessed the disease burden caused by lower respiratory tract infections (LRI) in these countries. Using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2019 and age-period-cohort models, we estimate the temporal patterns, causes, and risk determinants of LRI burden between 1990 and 2019. The findings showed BRICS + experienced a total of 256821260 LRI events, accounting for 52.5% of the global incidence (488902504), accounting for 34.2% of the global LRI deaths [2493199 (2736184 to 2268183)] In 2019. The age standardized mortality rate of LRIs in BRICS + countries ranged from 13.8 to 86.4 cases per 100,000 people. Local drift showed that the improvement was most pronounced in children. In terms of numbers, pneumococci are the common LRI type in all countries. In terms of risk factors, countries show strong heterogeneity. From 1990 to 2019, the burden of LRI generally decreased as SDI increased. The result shows that BRICS countries should strengthen cooperation and exchanges in health and provide better experience for other developing countries to reduce the burden of LRI.
Impact of Initial Surgical Interventions on Empyema Outcomes: Insights from a Cohort Study in Yemen
Authors: Issa Mohammed Ali , Obaidel Yasser Abdurabo , Galeb Khaled Sultan Ali , Jowah Haitham Mohammed 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Prupose:
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of different initial interventions, including thoracostomy drain tubes, open thoracotomy with decortication, and VATS (Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery) thoracoscopy, in the management of empyema.
Patient and Methods:
This prospective cohort study was conducted at two teaching hospitals in Sana'a, Yemen, over a two-year period, from 2022 to 2024. The study included 40 patients diagnosed with empyema. Patients were categorized according to the type of initial intervention received. Demographic data, clinical presentation, imaging findings, intervention details, and outcomes were systematically collected and analyzed. Statistical analyses were performed to identify associations between demographic characteristics, empyema stage, intervention type, and treatment success.
Results
The study included 40 patients, with a higher proportion of males (67.5%) than females (32.5%). The mean age was 47.1 years (SD: 12.85). The overall success rate of the initial interventions was 55%, with significant variation based on empyema stage, comorbidities, and intervention type. Stage I empyema had the highest success rate (80%, followed by Stage II (50%) and Stage III (27.3%), with a statistically significant difference (p-value = 0.034). Smoking history was identified as a significant negative predictor of success (p-value = 0.001). Higher pleural fluid pH was associated with better outcomes (p-value = 0.015*). The most common complications were chest infections (20%) and bronchopleural fistulas (10%), with a mortality rate of 7.5%.
Conclusions
The empyema stage significantly affects the success rate, with early stages showing better outcomes. Early and appropriate intervention, particularly in later stages, is crucial for better outcomes. Effective management of postoperative complications is vital. This study highlights the need for early diagnosis and tailored interventions based on the empyema stage to improve patient outcomes. Future research should focus on larger multicenter studies to validate these findings and develop standardized treatment protocols.
Assessing the Impact of Exports, Imports, and Gross Fixed Capital Formation on Nepal's Economic Growth: an Ardl Approach
Authors: Poudel Anish 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method is used in this study to examine the effects of imports, exports, and gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) on Nepal's economic growth. This time series analysis evaluates the long- and short-term relationships between these macroeconomic variables using the ARDL approach. The findings show that while lagged exports harm GDP, exports have a favourable long-term impact on GDP. The error correction model captures the short-run dynamics well. The robustness of the model is confirmed by diagnostic tests, revealing no specification errors, serial correlation, or heteroscedasticity. Stability tests, such as CUSUM and CUSUMSQ, confirm the stability of the model's coefficients over time. These findings provide vital economic development and macroeconomic policy insights, indicating that optimizing capital investments, imports, and exports can significantly boost Nepal's economic growth.
JEL Classification: C22, O11, C32, E60, E22
The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Children's Rights and Psychosocial Status
Authors: Cenger cüneyt Destan , Doğan Adil Han , Malkoç Mehmet Ali , Özçetin Mustafa , Kılıç Ayşe 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective
Children's rights emerged with the recognition of human rights and constitutional fundamental rights for children under eighteen. This study aimed to evaluate the attitudes and behaviors of parents towards children at home during the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of violation of children's rights.
Material and Method
Between December 2022 and June 2023, researchers administered a 38-question questionnaire to 540 parents at the university hospital general pediatrics outpatient clinic and pediatrics service.
Results
Among the participants, 70.4% were mothers, and 29.6% were fathers. The analysis indicated that fathers who took part in the survey engaged in child abuse less frequently than mothers at a statistically significant level. Furthermore, the severity of punishment administered by fathers to their children was statistically significantly lower than that of mothers.
Conclusion
In our study, they reported that verbal or physical violence occurred in the family during the pandemic period. Hence, it was determined that social isolation and disruption of education experienced with COVID-19 increased the rate of childhood exposure to domestic abuse and violence.
Comparing soilless and non-chemical farming food production systems: Nutritional and environmental aspects for food security and sustainability
Authors: Hatongkham Wannaporn , Sranacharoenp Kitti , Suwanmanee Unchalee , Supaibulwatana Kanyaratt 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Plant factory with artificial light (PFAL) technology is a soilless cultivation system that designed to optimize plant growth, productivity, and product quality, as well as ensure efficient use of water and fertilizer. Non-chemical farming (N-CF) systems are a traditional agricultural cultivation method. Both agricultural systems can serve as commodity production methods for ensuring food security. However, concerns about nutritional value and environmental sustainability remain. This study compares the nutritional compositions, antioxidant contents, environmental impacts, and carbon footprint of kale (Brassica oleracea L.) in PFAL and N-CF systems. The proximate values of kale in PFAL and N-CF systems were not significantly different (p < 0.05). However, the results revealed that antioxidant contents, determined by polyphenol, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay were significantly lower in PFAL-harvested kale than in N-CF-harvested kale after three months. The polyphenol, ORAC and FRAP of PFAL kale were 68.95 mg GAE/100 g, 1,321.25 and 111.95 μmol TE/100 g fresh weight, respectively, while those of N-CF kale were136.06 mg GAE/100 g, 3,519.87 and 220.17 μmol TE/100 g fresh weight, respectively. The carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions of 3 month-kale from PFAL and N-CF productions were 168.61 and 14.75 Kg CO2 eq./kg of kale, respectively. Consequently, new policies should be oriented toward reducing environmental pressure by introducing process certification of low environmental impacts. However, not only environmental aspects but also the adequacy of nutritive values of products should be a concern for farming food production systems.
Nuevas fronteras de la otredad: impacto de la pandemia en el discurso mediático sobre inmigración en España
Authors: Creus Amalia Susana , Martins Ines 
Published: August 2024

El texto presenta un estudio sobre las representaciones de la inmigración en la prensa Española de marzo de 2020 a marzo 2022, período auge de la pandemia del COVID-19 en Europa. A partir del análisis crítico del discurso de una muestra de 347 noticias publicadas en los cinco medios de prensa escrita de mayor audiencia en España, se identifican y analizan diferentes marcos discursivos - emergentes y recurrentes - en torno a la inmigración y las personas migrantes. Los resultados del estudio apuntan a una agudización de la estigmatización de las migraciones como un fenómeno esencialmente problemático y explícitamente asociado a la propagación del virus a escala global. Se identifican discursos que refuerzan, de una manera nueva, viejas retóricas que hablan de las personas migrantes como potencialmente peligrosas, bajo imaginarios de un cierto primitivismo: son vulnerables, violentas, incívicas, incomprensibles, en contraste con la autorepresentación positiva de una Europa autóctona, blanca y civilizada.
Raman Spectra-based Structural Classification Analysis of Flavones, Flavonols, and Isoflavones Using Machine Learning
Authors: Peng Yangyao , Li Li , Yang Yuhang , Zhang Dongjie , Bao Deyu , Li Xiujun , Hu Xiaojia , Zeng Qi , Li Xiao , Zhang Zhen , Chen Xueli 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Different C-3 substituted flavonoids have different biological activities and
applications in food pharmacology, toxicology, and medicine. Thus, the rapid identification and classification
of substitution patterns at C-3 of flavonoids can benefit the processing of flavonoid-related
food and medicine.

Objective:
This study aimed to classify flavonoids with different C3 substituents using Raman spectroscopy,
providing a feasible approach for identifying flavonoids in plants.

Methods:
Eighteen flavonoid samples were selected and dissolved in different solvents. The corresponding
Raman spectra were collected by a portable Raman spectrograph. After preprocessing,
feature reduction and machine learning were used for the accurate classification of three flavonoids
based on 66 Raman spectra.

Results:
The signals of flavone at 1002, 1245, 1590, and 1609 cm-1 were identified as the characteristic
peaks. Peaks at 1298, 1586, and 1605 cm-1 were the special features observed of flavonol. The fingerprint
features of isoflavone appeared at 894, 1227, 1321, and 1620 cm-1. All combinations achieved a
good classification accuracy of 85%, and the accuracy of the neural network reached 93.3%.

Conclusion:
The results have demonstrated machine learning to be applicable for the detection and classification
of C-3 substituted flavonoids and that feature reduction can aid in the discrimination of Raman
spectra variations among diverse C-3 substituted flavonoids, thereby facilitating their further application.
Odd Consequences of Dysglycemia in Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Sundargowda Shruthi A , Halumane Keerthana S. , Kadiri Sunil Kumar , Khobragade Deepak S. 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Ischemic heart disease and coronary artery disease are both considered to be
the causative factors for Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). Cardiovascular disease is the primary
cause of death and illness in individuals with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. It has been reported
that long-term hyperglycemia causes chronic heart disease.Background:

Objective:
This study aimed to explore the hyperlinks between dysglycemia and acute coronary syndrome.

Materials and Methods:
Databases specifically designed for medical research, such as PubMed,
Medline, Embase, and Google Scholar, were utilized for the study. In addition, data from credible
health groups and government authorities were also obtained.

Results:
It has been reported that long-term hyperglycemia causes chronic heart disease. Individuals
with type 1 diabetes mellitus tend to develop Coronary Heart Disease (CHD), especially if they have
nephropathy. The correlation between dysglycemia and ACS is intricate, and individual reactions
may differ. The relationship between genes and environment is now recognized to be mediated by
epigenetic factors through many sorts of responses, which can help explain the link between diabetes
and cardiovascular disease. HbA1c, a measure of long-term glycemic management, may independently
increase CHD risk; however, this is unclear.

Conclusion:
Poor glycemic management, oxidative stress, insulin resistance indicators, and lowgrade
inflammation may cause cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Optimal management of blood
glucose levels and comprehensive cardiovascular care are essential in minimizing the impact of dysglycemia
on Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) outcomes.
Ruthenium Complex Suppresses Proliferation of Residual Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Incomplete Radiofrequency Ablation Therapy
Authors: Yu Zhi-Jie , Guo Shun-Wen , Wang Bi-Shu , Ouyang Shi , Zhang Xian-Huan , Zhao Zi-Zhuo , Wang Jin-Quan 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is an effective therapy for hepatocellular
carcinoma (HCC). However, incomplete radiofrequency ablation (IRFA) can promote the progression
of residual cancer cells, which is a serious problem in the clinical application of RFA. Therefore,
it is of great significance to explore the mechanism and countermeasures of the progression
of residual tumors after IRFA. Our previous study confirmed that IRFA can activate the hypoxia/
autophagy pathway of residual tumors in mice and then induce the proliferation of residual tumor
cells. Additionally, we found a metal ruthenium complex [Ru(bpy)2(ipad)](ClO4)2 (Ru, where
bpy = 2,2’-bipyridine and ipad = 2-(anthracene-9,10-dione-2-yl)imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline)
can effectively inhibit hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α) and has good anti-tumor effect in a
hypoxic environment; however, whether Ru could suppress the proliferation of residual tumor
cells after IRFA is unknown.

Objective:
This study intends to evaluate the effect of Ru in suppressing the proliferation of residual
hepatocellular carcinoma after IRFA in a mice model.

Methods:
The Hepa1-6 xenograft mouse model was established in C57BL/6 mice to simulate clinical
IRFA. H&E staining was used to evaluate the biosafety of major organs in the treated mice.
TUNEL assay was employed to assess the antitumor effect. Immunohistochemically and immunofluorescence
staining was performed to detect the expression of HIF-1α and autophagy-related
proteins. The ELISA assay was used to examine the cytokines of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)
and interleukin 10 (IL-10).

Results:
Our findings revealed that the residual tumor relapsed via the HIF-1α/LC3B/P62 autophagy-
related pathway after IRFA, while Ru could suppress this process. In addition, it was demonstrated
that Ru could effectively activate the immune system of the mice and reverse the tumor immune
suppression microenvironment after IRFA.

Conclusion:
The ruthenium complex Ru could suppress the proliferation of residual hepatocellular
carcinoma cells after IRFA in the mice model. This study introduces a novel approach that
combines the use of ruthenium complexes with IRFA, offering a potential solution to address the
reoccurrence of residual liver cancer following IRFA in clinical settings.
Effectiveness of Home Visiting Programs To Prevent Maternal Depression: A Systematic Review of RCTs
Authors: Liem Jean Andrina , Rustiadi Natalie Debora Devino , Wijovi Felix , Heriyanto Rivaldo Steven , Setyoputra Bryan , Sucahyo Emanuela Clarisa Karina , Lake Josephus Rivaldo , Aurielle Celine , Handoko Marshell Timotius , Cipta Darien Alfa 
Published: August 2024

During prenatal and post-partum period, 10-20% of women experience depression. The quality of life and functional capacity of these women were also significantly impacted by depression. This condition also has an adverse effect on fetal development and newborn. Furthermore, home visit have been used to reduce maternal depression. However, the evidence of this still low. Hence, this review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of home visiting in preventing maternal depression. Articles for this systematic review were collected from several databases (PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect) using terms related to maternal depression, prevention, and home visiting. The quality of included studies were assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). This systematic review is comprised of 13 high quality randomized clinical trials with 4.804 participants. Eleven studies indicate that home visiting effectively reduce depressive symptoms and a study shows that mothers receiving home visiting are twice less likely to develop depressive symptoms. Home visiting are also beneficial for low-income women amidst the low rate of mental health services. Only two studies state that there is no evidence that home visiting effectively reduces depressive symptoms and increases caregiving quality. However, some studies state that the mother's cognitive, child growth, and maternal depression may improve with home visiting integrated with cognitive behavioral therapy, counseling, education such as lectures, or video. Home visiting are effective in preventing maternal depression. Further studies are needed to compare the effectiveness of the intervention plan in home visiting.
The Association Between Demographic, Socio-Economic, Smoking Habits and Food Cravings in Adolescents
Authors: Venessa Benedicta , Muhammad Harry Freitag Luglio , Ekawati Fitriana Murriya 
Published: August 2024

Background: Food cravings are one of the factors that can increase the risk of being overweight in adolescents. Food cravings can be influenced by several factors, such as smoking habits and demographic and socio-economic conditions. Objective: Therefore, this study aims to see whether there is a relationship between demographic, socio-economic conditions, and smoking habits with the incidence of food cravings in adolescents. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional study and was conducted online in July-September 2021 involving 249 respondents from 2 senior high schools in Gunungkidul Regency. Data on demographic, socio-economic conditions, and smoking habits were collected using the Global Youth Tobacco Survey questionnaire, while data on food cravings were collected using the Food Cravings Questionnaire-Trait-reduced questionnaire. Results: From this study, it was found that the variables gender (p value: 0.000), age (p-value: 0.028), and smoking frequency (p-value: 0.045) were significantly related to the FCQ-Tr score. Conclusions: Demographic conditions (gender and age) and smoking habits (smoking frequency) are associated with the incidence of food cravings. However, further research is needed with a wider population to prove the results of this study.
Correlation Between Self-Motivation and Family Support on Stress Levels and Self-Acceptance of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patient
Authors: Krisnansari Diah , Wulansari Rahmawati , Husnannisa Fadhila 
Published: August 2024

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients often have psychological problems related to burdens and worries about their illness, so they need family support as a support system in dealing with existing worries and emotional burdens. Family support will lead to self-confidence and motivation to deal with their problems. Motivation can come from family support and also from the patient's self-motivation. Motivation from family support and self-motivation is related to the patient's stress level and self-acceptance. Objectives: To determine the correlation between self-motivation and family support on stress levels and self-acceptance in type 2 Diabetes patients at Sumbang Banyumas. Methods: The analytic observational study with a cross-sectional approach on 49 respondents with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus used the Hensarling Diabetes Family Support Scale Questionnaire, Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire, General Health Questionnaire-12, and Berger's Self-Acceptance Scales. Data were analyzed using the gamma correlation test with α<0.05. Results: The results showed 89.8% were over 45 years old, 83.7% were women, 69.4% were elementary school graduates, 53% were not working, 81.6% had a monthly income below the Regional Minimum Wage, 71.4% had no genetic of Diabetes Mellitus, 34.7% had a long duration of suffering from Diabetes Mellitus < 5 years and 5 - 10 years and 73.5% had good APGAR score, 73.4% had good self-motivation, 69.4% had good family support, 67.3% had mild stress levels and 75.5% had good self-acceptance. There was a significant correlation between self-motivation (p= 0.037) and family support (p= 0.000) on stress levels and there was a significant correlation between self-motivation (p = 0.000) and family support (p = 0.000) on self-acceptance. Conclusions: Self-motivation and family support correlate with stress levels and self-acceptance of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients at Sumbang Banyumas.
UNDERSTANDING THE SENSITIVITY, SPECIFICITY, AND PREDICTIVE VALUES USED IN DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
Authors: UMA SANKAR AKULA  , KASI MARIMUTHU  , NAGADHARSHAN DEVENDRA  
Published: August 2024

Numerous diagnostics and screening tests have been routinely used for screening diseased or infected from healthy and normal individuals. Clinicians rely on diagnostic and screening test results to make decisions on the diagnosis and initiate the treatment procedure. However, the diagnostic test outcomes vary from different tests and not always the outcome is 100 percent accurate. Hence the tests showing more accuracy and high sensitivity and specificity are given high priority by the clinicians. To evaluate the performance of dichotomous binary outcomes obtained from diagnostic test results, several statistical measures have been used. They are accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value and are intimately connected with probability calculations. Very often interpreting concepts such as false positive, and true negative are quite intuitive, but many students and even health professionals have difficulties in assessing the associated probabilities. In this article, we will explain the terms and the statistical measures and how to relate and interpret them used in diagnostic tests.