bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteopontin splice variant as a potential marker for metastatic disease in pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Siddiqui Ali A , Jones Elizabeth , Andrade Darren , Shah Apeksha , Kowalski Thomas E , Loren David E , Chipitsyna Galina , Arafat Hwyda A 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackground and AimOsteopontin (OPN) is a phosphoprotein that activates pathways that induce cancer cell survival and metastasis. Our aim was to examine the expression pattern of OPN splice variants a, b, and c in fine‐needle aspirates and to determine their correlation with stage‐adjusted pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) survival.MethodsEndoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) was performed in patients with solid pancreatic masses. The tissue was collected and analyzed for the expression of OPN isoforms by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. Survival curves of stages and overexpression of OPN splice variants (a, b, c) were estimated according to the Kaplan–Meier and the log‐rank test.ResultsEUS‐FNA was performed in 46 patients with solid pancreatic lesions (40 PDA and 6 chronic pancreatitis). OPNa was highly expressed in 39/40 (98%), OPNb in 24/40 (60%), while OPNc was present in 10/40 (25%) of PDA samples. The median survival was lower in patients whose fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) samples expressed OPNb than those without (406 days vs 749 days, P = 0.049). There was no significant difference in survival in patients with OPNc. Cox proportional hazard model demonstrated that OPNb expression had a trend toward decrease overall survival (P = 0.06), with these patients having a hazard of death three times higher than those without. OPNc was found to significantly correlate with metastatic disease (P = 0.009) in PDA patients.ConclusionsOur data show for the first time that in FNA samples, there is a strong association between OPNc and presence of metastasis in PDA, and OPNb and poor survival.
Determinants of a regular intake of a nutritionally balanced school lunch among 10–17‐year‐old schoolchildren with special reference to sense of coherence
Authors: Tilles‐Tirkkonen T. , Suominen S. , Liukkonen J. , Poutanen K. , Karhunen L. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundFree nutritionally balanced school lunches are offered to all schoolchildren in basic education in Finland in each school day. Having school lunch on a regular basis has been found to reflect overall eating patterns. However, skipping part of or even the entire lunch is common. The present study investigated the determinants of the regular consumption of a nutritionally balanced school lunch among schoolchildren, with special reference to the role of sense of coherence (SOC).MethodsIn total, 887 children (457 girls and 424 boys), aged 10–17 years from three municipalities in Eastern Finland, filled in a web‐based questionnaire in class during a school day and reported eating patterns, body height and weight and perception of body image. SOC was measured by using the 13‐item scale. The statistical analysis was carried out with logistic regression modelling and the chi‐squared test.ResultsIn addition to female gender, frequent shared family meals, perception of body image as appropriate and younger age, SOC was a significant determinant of regularly eating a nutritionally balanced school lunch in the final multivariate modelling. Strong SOC was also associated with more regular meal frequency and health‐promoting snack choices.ConclusionsTo promote healthy eating patterns among school‐aged children, special attention should be paid to children with weak SOC because they may need specific support and encouragement. They might lack sufficient belief in their own capability and/or do not have adequate support from their family to influence their eating and other lifestyle patterns.
Serosurvey for hepatitis A in neotropical primates in southeast Brazil
Authors: Setzer Ariela Priscila , Coimbra Gaspar Ana Maria , Sidoni Marli , Galvão Bueno Marina , Catão‐Dias José Luiz 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundHepatitis A virus (HAV) is the cause of a zoonotic disease, which has only humans and non‐humans primates as its natural hosts.MethodsThe seroprevalence of antibodies anti‐HAV in wild and captive neotropical primates were investigated.Results4.9% (18/369) were positive for antibodies anti‐HAV, in captivity.ConclusionImplications for health managements are discussed.
Geography does not limit optimal diabetes care: Use of a tertiary centre model of care in an outreach service for type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Simm Peter J , Wong Nicole , Fraser Lynne , Kearney John , Fenton Judy , Jachno Kim , Cameron Fergus J 
Published: February 2014

AimYoung people with type 1 diabetes mellitus living in rural and regional Australia have previously been shown to have limited access to specialised diabetes services. The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne has been running diabetes outreach clinics to Western Victoria, Australia, for over 13 years. We aim to evaluate this service by comparing the outcomes of three outreach clinics with our urban diabetes clinic at the Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne.MethodsWe examine our tertiary, multidisciplinary team‐based model of care, where visiting specialist medical staff work alongside local allied health teams. The local teams provide interim care between clinics utilising the same protocols and treatment practices as the tertiary centre. Longitudinal data encapsulating the years 2005–2010, as a cohort study with a control group, are reviewed.ResultsA total of 69 rural patients were compared with 1387 metropolitan patients. Metabolic control was comparable, with no difference in mean HbA1c (8.3%/67 mmol/mol for both groups). Treatment options varied slightly at diagnosis, while insulin pump usage was comparable between treatment settings (20.3% rural compared with 27.6% urban, P = 0.19). Of note was that the number of visits per year was higher in the rural group (3.3 per year rural compared with 2.7 urban, P < 0.001).ConclusionsWe conclude that the outreach service is able to provide a comparable level of care when the urban model is translated to a rural setting. This model may be further able to be extrapolated to other geographic areas and also other chronic health conditions of childhood.
Safewards: a new model of conflict and containment on psychiatric wards
Authors: Bowers L. 
Published: February 2014

Accessible summary
Rates of violence, self‐harm, absconding and other incidents threatening patients and staff safety vary a great deal by hospital ward. Some wards have high rates, other low. The same goes for the actions of staff to prevent and contain such incidents, such as manual restraint, coerced medication, etc.
The Safewards Model provides a simple and yet powerful explanation as to why these differences in rates occur.
Six features of the inpatient psychiatric system have the capacity to give rise to flashpoints from which adverse incidents may follow.
The Safewards Model makes it easy to generate ideas for changes that will make psychiatric wards safer for patients and staff.
AbstractConflict (aggression, self‐harm, suicide, absconding, substance/alcohol use and medication refusal) and containment (as required medication, coerced intramuscular medication, seclusion, manual restraint, special observation, etc.) place patients and staff at risk of serious harm. The frequency of these events varies between wards, but there are few explanations as to why this is so, and a coherent model is lacking. This paper proposes a comprehensive explanatory model of these differences, and sketches the implications on methods for reducing risk and coercion in inpatient wards. This Safewards Model depicts six domains of originating factors: the staff team, the physical environment, outside hospital, the patient community, patient characteristics and the regulatory framework. These domains give risk to flashpoints, which have the capacity to trigger conflict and/or containment. Staff interventions can modify these processes by reducing the conflict‐originating factors, preventing flashpoints from arising, cutting the link between flashpoint and conflict, choosing not to use containment, and ensuring that containment use does not lead to further conflict. We describe this model systematically and in detail, and show how this can be used to devise strategies for promoting the safety of patients and staff.
Retrospective analysis of total direct medical costs associated with hepatitis B patients with oral antiviral versus pegylated interferon therapy in Turkey
Authors: Altinbas A. , Baser E. , Burkan A. , Ertugay E. , Kariburyo M. F. , Baser O. 
Published: February 2014

SummaryTo explore healthcare costs associated with antiviral treatment of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Turkey. Research‐identified data from a claims processing system for all Turkish health insurance funds were analysed. Adult patients prescribed oral antiviral and pegylated interferon treatment were identified between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2010. The first prescription date was defined as the index date. Patients were required to have HBV diagnosis within the 6‐month pre‐index period. Pharmacy, outpatient and inpatient claims were compiled over the study period for the selected patients, and risk‐adjusted 1‐year healthcare costs of patients with oral antiviral and pegylated interferon treatment were compared. Risk adjustment was carried out using propensity score matching, controlling for baseline demographic and clinical characteristics. A total of 9618 patients were identified, of which 9074 were treated with oral antiviral medication and 544 with pegylated interferon medication. The oral antiviral treatment group was older (45.28 vs 42.19, P < 0.001), less likely to be female (32.17% vs 39.71%, P < 0.001) and to reside in Southeastern Anatolia (8.29% vs 13.97%, P < 0.001) or Mediterranean region (8.90% vs 11.76%, P < 0.03) and had higher Elixhauser comorbidity index scores (60.22% vs 74.08%, P < 0.001) than the pegylated interferon group. After adjusting for confounding factors, total medical costs for pegylated interferon patients were €2771 higher than for oral antiviral patients (P < 0.001), due to higher outpatient and prescription costs. For annual healthcare costs for antiviral treatment options for HBV patients in Turkey, after adjusting for age, gender, region and comorbid condition differences, oral antiviral treatment is more costly than pegylated interferon treatment.
Characterizing and predicting essential habitat features for juvenile coastal sharks
Authors: Ward‐Paige Christine A. , Britten Gregory L. , Bethea Dana M. , Carlson John K. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe successful management of shark populations requires juvenile recruitment success. Thus, conservation initiatives now strive to include the protection of areas used by pre‐adult sharks in order to promote juvenile survivorship. Many shark species use inshore areas for early life stages; however, species often segregate within sites to reduce competition. Using a fisheries‐independent gillnet survey from the Northern Gulf of Mexico (2000–2010) we describe distribution patterns and preferred habitat features of the juveniles of six shark species. Our results suggest that multiple shark species concurrently use the area for early life stages and although they overlap, they exhibit distinct habitat preferences characterized by physical variables. Habitat suitability models suggest that temperature, depth, and salinity are the important factors driving juvenile shark occurrence. Within each site, across the sampled range of physical characteristics, blacktip shark (Carcharhinus limbatus) preferred higher temperature (>30 °C) and mid‐depth (~5.5 m); bonnethead shark (Sphyrna tiburo) preferred higher temperature (>30 °C) and mid‐salinity (30–35 PSU), finetooth shark (Carcharhinus isodon) preferred low salinity (<20 PSU) with mid‐depth (~4 m), scalloped hammerhead shark (Sphyrna lewini) preferred high temperature (>30 °C) and salinity (>35 PSU), Atlantic sharpnose shark (Rhizoprionodon terraenovae) preferred high temperature (>30 °C) and deep water (>6 m), and spinner shark (Carcharhinus brevipinna) preferred deep water (>8 m) and high temperature (>30 °C). The other investigated factors, including year, month, latitude, longitude, bottom type, inlet distance, coastline and human coast were not influential for any species. Combining habitat preferences with the sampled environmental characteristics, we predicted habitat suitability throughout the four sites for which physical characteristics were sampled. Habitat suitability surfaces highlight the differences in habitat use between and within sites. This work provides important insight into the habitat ecology of juvenile shark populations, which can be used to better manage these species and protect critical habitat.
Where is the comfort in comfort foods? Mechanisms linking fat signaling, reward, and emotion
Authors: Weltens N. , Zhao D. , Van Oudenhove L. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundFood in general, and fatty foods in particular, have obtained intrinsic reward value throughout evolution. This reward value results from an interaction between exteroceptive signals from different sensory modalities, interoceptive hunger/satiety signals from the gastrointestinal tract to the brain, as well as ongoing affective and cognitive processes. Further evidence linking food to emotions stems from folk psychology (‘comfort foods’) and epidemiological studies demonstrating high comorbidity rates between disorders of food intake, including obesity, and mood disorders such as depression.PurposeThis review paper aims to give an overview of current knowledge on the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the link between (fatty) foods, their reward value, and emotional responses to (anticipation of) their intake in humans. Firstly, the influence of exteroceptive sensory signals, including visual, olfactory (‘anticipatory food reward’), and gustatory (‘consummatory food reward’), on the encoding of reward value in the (ventral) striatum and of subjective pleasantness in the cingulate and orbitofrontal cortex will be discussed. Differences in these pathways and mechanisms between lean and obese subjects will be highlighted. Secondly, recent studies elucidating the mechanisms of purely interoceptive fatty acid‐induced signaling from the gastrointestinal tract to the brain, including the role of gut peptides, will be presented. These studies have demonstrated that such subliminal interoceptive stimuli may impact on hedonic circuits in the brain, and thereby influence the subjective and neural responses to negative emotion induction. This suggests that the effect of foods on mood may even occur independently from their exteroceptive sensory properties.
Psychological and mental health problems in patients with thalidomide embryopathy in Japan
Authors: Imai Koubun , Iida Toshiharu , Yamamoto Maki , Komatsu Kensuke , Nukui Yuko , Yoshizawa Atsuto 
Published: February 2014

AimThe aim of the study was to examine the presence of psychological and mental health problems in patients with thalidomide embryopathy in Japan in order to develop and build future support systems.MethodsThe present study examined the presence/absence of electroencephalographic abnormalities, intellectual/cognitive functions, and mental health problems in 22 participants (nine men, 13 women) with thalidomide embryopathy. Participants completed the electroencephalograph instrument. Participants were also assessed using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale‐III; the Autism‐Spectrum Quotient; the General Health Questionnaire‐28, and the Mini‐International Neuropsychiatric Interview.ResultsThe results suggest the following: (i) electroencephalographic abnormality observed in several thalidomide embryopathy participants is unlikely to be the direct result of thalidomide; (ii) the cognitive functions of working memory and processing speed are lower in thalidomide embryopathy patients than in healthy individuals; and (iii) 40.9% of the thalidomide embryopathy participants have possible mental disorders, with more mental problems observed than in healthy individuals.ConclusionsDeterioration of mental health in patients with thalidomide embryopathy is indicated. Anxiety, insomnia, and physical symptoms were especially remarkable and may have resulted in restriction of social activities. Therefore, careful examination and active support of patients' psychological and mental problems is essential.
Primary orbital neuroblastoma in a 1‐month‐old boy
Authors: Inazawa Natsuko , Hatakeyama Naoki , Hori Tsukasa , Yamamoto Masaki , Igarashi Keita , Tadashi Hasegawa , Ogino Jiro , Tsutsumi Hiroyuki , Suzuki Nobuhiro 
Published: February 2014

AbstractNeuroblastoma is a malignant tumor predominantly occurring in children and usually arising from the adrenal gland or sympathetic ganglia. We describe a neuroblastoma in a 1‐month‐old boy arising from his left orbital cavity. This tumor was refractory to chemotherapy or radiotherapy, requiring enucleation of the left eye for complete removal of the intraorbital tumor. Thereafter, he received high‐dose chemotherapy followed by autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation, and has been in complete remission for 3 years. Unlike neuroblastomas arising from the adrenal gland or sympathetic ganglia, primary orbital neuroblastoma may be refractory even in early infancy.
Latina Youths' Perceptions of Children's Environmental Health Risks in an Agricultural Community
Authors: Postma Julie , Peterson Jeff , Ybarra Vega Mary Jo , Ramon Cristian , Cortes Guadalupe 
Published: February 2014

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study was to identify Latina youths' perceptions of local assets and concerns related to children's environmental health (EH) in an agricultural community.Design and SampleFour photovoice sessions were used to elicit 6 promotores' and 5 middle school students' perspectives on problems and strengths related to “children; environment; and health.”MeasuresData collection was diverse and included a demographic and evaluation questionnaire, photographs, audio recordings of group photo‐sharing sessions, and field notes.ResultsParticipants identified three themes that reflected group discussion during two photo‐sharing sessions: a lack of structured youth activities; poverty and stress; and benefits and detriments of agricultural work. Community assets related to creating a healthy environment for youth were identified and included the clinic, churches, and youth programs.ConclusionsFindings from this study reinforce that social background and position affect how EH issues are defined and may be addressed. Participant perspectives are valuable to nurses because they offer a lens through which to see the complexities of EH from the viewpoint of those most directly affected. Leadership training and opportunities to serve on coalitions and neighborhood councils are recommended approaches to meaningfully involving youth in environmental justice initiatives.
Patient-Specific Computations of Cerebral Aneurysm: Impact of the Uncertainty of the Input Parameters
Authors: Sanchez Mathieu , Costalat Vincent 
Published: February 2014

The setting up of patient-specific computations is one of the major challenges to help the clinician in his decision-making.
But the input parameters of computations are not well known due to the medical imaging limitations.
The goal of this study is to highlight on a cerebral aneurysm case that the uncertainties of the input parameters have an influence on the details of the results but not on the main conclusion: the soft (close to the rupture) aneurysm deforms more than the stiff (undegraded) one.
Efficient Construction of Statistical Shape Models for Patient-Specific Modeling
Authors: Li Kang , Qian Xiaoping , Espinoza Orías Alejandro A. 
Published: February 2014

Statistical Shape Modeling (SSM) is a powerful tool to capture the shape variation pattern across a group of shapes belonging to a certain shape class. SSM has seen many promising applications for the purpose of building Patient-Specific Model (PSM) because it avoids unwanted exposure to ionizing radiation from imaging modalities such as CT scanning and has potential as a cost-saving and time-efficient research and clinical tool. All that is needed to reconstruct the patient — specific data is to instantiate the statistical model already generated.
The utility of the statistical model relies on a sufficiently large training set data pool from as many patients as possible; and more importantly, a reasonably good correspondence across the entire training set. As such, the description length has been used as a standard to measure the quality of correspondence and the statistical model, and the desired correspondence found by optimization.
However, the previously proposed optimization schemes are too inefficient to be used for large data sets. We present a new optimization scheme based on B-spline freeform deformation and analytical adjoint sensitivity. This scheme is significantly more efficient in that it makes use of: 1) extraordinary efficiency of direct correspondence manipulation; 2) availability of analytical gradient due to the differentiable shapes and correspondence manipulation; 3) superiority of adjoint method when a large number of design variables are used in optimization.
In the experimental part, we compare the efficiency of our method and current method for some benchmark examples where solutions are known. Additionally, we show the statistical models for a 3D distal femur bone training set. Such models have been previously used in osteosarcoma cases as a bone bank for bone allografts, where shape-matching is very important [1]. The graphical illustration of the training set and preliminary results of the obtained statistical modes are displayed in Figure 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.
Elucidation of Cellular Mechanisms Involved in Experimental Paromomycin Resistance in Leishmania donovani
Authors: Bhandari Vasundhra , Sundar Shyam , Dujardin Jean Claude , Salotra Poonam 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT

Leishmania donovani
is the causative agent of the potentially fatal disease visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Chemotherapeutic options available to treat VL are limited and often face parasite resistance, inconsistent efficacy, and toxic side effects. Paromomycin (PMM) was recently introduced to treat VL as a monotherapy and in combination therapy. It is vital to understand the mechanisms of PMM resistance to safeguard the drug. In the present study, we utilized experimentally generated PMM-resistant
L. donovani
to elucidate the mechanisms of resistance and parasite biology. We found increased membrane fluidity accompanied by decreased intracellular drug accumulation in the PMM-resistant parasites. There were marked increases in gene expression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters (MDR1 and MRPA) and protein phosphatase 2A that evince increased drug efflux. Further, evaluation of parasite tolerance toward host leishmanicidal mechanisms revealed PMM-resistant parasites as being more tolerant to nitrosative stress at the promastigote and amastigote stages. The PMM-resistant parasites also predicted a better survival capacity, as indicated by resistance to complement-mediated lysis and increased stimulation of host interleukin-10 (IL-10) expression. The susceptibilities of PMM-resistant isolates to other antileishmanial agents (sodium antimony gluconate and miltefosine) remained unchanged. The data implicated the roles of altered membrane fluidity, decreased drug accumulation, increased expression of ABC transporters, and greater tolerance of parasites to host defense mechanisms in conferring PMM resistance in
Leishmania
.