bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whom to Trust: The Role of Mediation and Perceived Harm in Support Seeking by Cyberbullying Victims
Authors: Cerna Alena , Machackova Hana , Dedkova Lenka 
Published: August 2015

This study focuses on two coping strategies in cyberbullying: talking to parents and talking to peers. The subsample of cyberbullying victims aged 9–16 (N = 1395; 59% female) from the EU Kids Online II project was analysed. We predicted talking to parents and peers according to mediation style, perceived harm, support‐seeking tendencies, parental knowledge of the child's activities online, age and gender. The results show that perceived harm and active mediation increase the likelihood of confiding. Parents play a central role and should be encouraged to show their children interest about and understanding of their online activities.
Heat‐washout measurements compared to distal blood pressure and perfusion in orthopaedic patients with foot ulcers
Authors: Midttun M. , Azad B. B. S. , Broholm R. , Jensen L. T. , Svarer C. , Jensen P. E. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryDistal blood pressure and local skin perfusion pressure were compared to measurement of blood flow rate (BFR) measured by the heat‐washout method in orthopaedic patients with and without diabetes, all with a foot ulcer in one foot, compared to healthy controls. The correlation was good between heat‐washout and distal blood pressure in patients with diabetes with and without an ulcer (P = 0·024 and 0·059, respectively). The correlation was weak in patients without diabetes with and without an ulcer, most probably due to power problems (P = 0·118 and 0·116, respectively). The correlation in the healthy controls was poor (P = 0·333 and 0·685 for right and left 1. Toe, respectively) probably because not all measurements were performed under optimal conditions with maximally dilated arterioles and warm hands and feet. The patients already have maximally dilated arterioles to extract the maximal amount of oxygen from the surrounding tissue, and therefore, measurements are easier made in these subjects. BFR in the first toe increased significantly in all patients when the foot was moved from heart level to 50 cm below heart level (P = between 0·03 and 0·05) as previously seen in patients with claudication. There was no statistical difference in the healthy controls, consistent with previous findings. These results may indicate that the heat‐washout method can be used as an alternative to strain gauge blood pressure in the evaluation of peripheral artery disease and wound healing potentials. Furthermore, the heat‐washout measurements can be used bedside.
Comparison of basal insulin therapies with regard to the risk of acute myocardial infarction in patients with type 2 diabetes: an observational cohort study
Authors: Kollhorst B. , Behr S. , Enders D. , Dippel F.‐W. , Theobald K. , Garbe E. 
Published: August 2015

AimsTo assess the risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with long‐acting insulin analogues in comparison with other basal insulin therapy.MethodsWe used German insurance claims data from the years 2004–2009 to conduct a study in a retrospective cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes. Naïve insulin users were defined as patients who had an insulin‐free history before the first prescription of long‐acting analogue insulin, human NPH insulin or premixed insulin and who were pretreated with oral antidiabetic drugs. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of AMI and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using sex‐stratified Cox models. Propensity‐score‐matched analyses were conducted as sensitivity analyses.ResultsWe identified 21 501 new insulin users. Patients treated with premixed insulin were older than patients treated with analogue or NPH insulin (mean age 70.7 vs. 64.1 and 61.6 years, respectively) and had more comorbidities. Regarding the risk of AMI, adjusted HRs showed no statistically significant difference between NPH and analogue insulin (HR 0.94, 95% CI 0.74–1.19), but a higher risk for premixed than for analogue insulin (HR 1.27, 95% CI 1.02–1.58). Contrary to the primary analysis, the propensity‐score‐matched analysis did not show an increased risk for premixed insulin.ConclusionsIn contrast to a former database study, no difference was observed for the risk of AMI between long‐acting analogue and NPH insulin in this study. Neither long‐acting analogue insulin nor premixed insulin appears to be associated with AMI in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Health impacts of Facebook usage and mobile texting among undergraduate dental students: it's time to understand the difference between usage and an excessive use
Authors: Lee Y. L. , Verma R. K. , Yadav H. , Barua A. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundFacebook and mobile texting are prevalent in the lives of almost every student. However, little is known about the relationship between Facebook usage or mobile texting and their impacts on health amongst undergraduate dental students. In this study, excessive Facebook use and excessive mobile texting were studied as they relate to impacts on health.Materials and MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted at a private university in Malaysia. A total of 188 undergraduate dental students were interviewed using a pre‐tested and self‐rated questionnaire. Data collected from participants were analysed using SPSS version 18.0. Chi‐square test, Fisher's exact test and multiple logistic regression analyses were applied to study the relationship between explanatory variables and excessive Facebook use and excessive mobile texting.ResultsThe prevalence of excessive Facebook use and excessive mobile texting amongst undergraduate dental students was found to be 33.2% and 33.0%, respectively. According to a multivariate analysis, texting habits, such as the presence of daytime sleepiness after texting late at night (aOR = 2.682, 95% CI = 1.142–6.301) and the presence of anxious feelings if students failed to receive a timely response (aOR = 3.819, 95% CI = 1.580–9.230), were determined to be significant predictors of excessive mobile texting. Excessive Facebook use was found to be significantly related to three variables as follows: fewer numbers of close friends (aOR = 2.275, 95% CI = 1.057–4.898), the checking of updates on the Facebook walls of their friends (aOR = 2.582, 95% CI = 1.189–5.605) and the absence of active and vigorous feelings during Facebook use (aOR = 3.401, 95% CI = 1.233–9.434).ConclusionsApproximately one‐third of undergraduate dental students in this study experienced excessive Facebook use and/or excessive mobile texting. Health education and promotion should be instituted to create awareness, whilst students should be advised to practise self‐control with respect to both mobile texting and Facebook usage.
The δ18O signatures of HCl‐extractable soil phosphates: methodological challenges and evidence of the cycling of biological P in arable soil
Authors: Amelung W. , Antar P. , Kleeberg I. , Oelmann Y. , Lücke A. , Alt F. , Lewandowski H. , Pätzold S. , Barej J. A. M. 
Published: August 2015

SummarySoil phosphates exchange oxygen atoms rapidly with soil water once recycled by intracellular enzymes, thereby approaching an equilibrium δ18OP signature that depends on ambient temperature and the δ18OW signature of soil water. We hypothesized that in the topsoil, phosphates reach this equilibrium δ18OP signature even if amended by different fertilizers. In the subsoil, however, there might be phosphates with a smaller δ18OP value than that represented by the isotopic equilibrium value, a condition that could exist in the case of limited biological P cycling only. We tested these hypotheses for the HCl‐extractable P pool of the Hedley fractionation scheme of arable soil in Germany, which integrates over extended time‐scales of the soil P cycle. We sampled several types of fertilizer, the surface soil that received these fertilizer types and composites from a Haplic Luvisol depth profile under long‐term agricultural practice. Organic fertilizers had significantly smaller δ18OP values than mineral fertilizers. Intriguingly, the fields fertilized organically also tended to have smaller δ18OP signatures than other types of surface soil, which calls into question full isotopic equilibrium at all sites. At depths below 50 cm, the soil δ18OP values were even depleted relative to the values calculated for isotopic equilibrium. This implies that HCl‐extractable phosphates in different soil horizons are of different origins. In addition, it supports the assumption that biological cycling of P by intracellular microbial enzymes might have been relatively inefficient in the deeper subsoil. At depths of 50–80 cm, there was a transition zone of declining δ18OP values, which might be regarded as the first evidence that the degree of biological P cycling changed at this depth interval.
DNAJC13 p.Asn855Ser mutation screening in Parkinson's disease and pathologically confirmed Lewy body disease patients
Authors: Lorenzo‐Betancor O. , Ogaki K. , Soto‐Ortolaza A. I. , Labbe C. , Walton R. L. , Strongosky A. J. , van Gerpen J. A. , Uitti R. J. , McLean P. J. , Springer W. , Siuda J. , Opala G. , Krygowska‐Wajs A. , Barcikowska M. , Czyzewski K. , McCarthy A. , Lynch T. , Puschmann A. , Rektorova I. , Sanotsky Y. , Vilariño‐Güell C. , Farrer M. J. , Ferman T. J. , Boeve B. F. , Petersen R. C. , Parisi J. E. , Graff‐Radford N. R. , Dickson D. W. , Wszolek Z. K. , Ross O. A. 
Published: August 2015

BackgroundRecently, a novel mutation in exon 24 of DNAJC13 gene (p.Asn855Ser, rs387907571) has been reported to cause autosomal dominant Parkinson's disease (PD) in a multi‐incident Mennonite family.MethodsIn the present study the mutation containing exon of the DNAJC13 gene has been sequenced in a Caucasian series consisting of 1938 patients with clinical PD and 838 with pathologically diagnosed Lewy body disease (LBD).ResultsOur sequence analysis did not identify any coding variants in exon 24 of DNAJC13. Two previously described variants in intron 23 (rs200204728 and rs2369796) were observed.ConclusionOur results indicate that the region surrounding the DNAJC13 p.Asn855Ser substitution is highly conserved and mutations in this exon are not a common cause of PD or LBD among Caucasian populations.
The effect of 7.2% hypertonic saline solution on echocardiographic parameters of healthy horses
Authors: Tavanaeimanesh H. , Dezfouli M. R. M. , Vajhi A. , Rostam A. , Akbarinejad V. , Sadeghian Chaleshtori S. , Corley K. T. T. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryReasons for performing studyThe cardiovascular effects and duration of action of hypertonic saline are not yet fully understood in the horse.ObjectiveTo determine the effects of hypertonic saline on cardiac measurements derived from echocardiography over a period of 90 min after infusion in euvolaemic and healthy horses.Study designExperimental study.MethodsFive healthy conscious euvolaemic horses were infused with 5 ml/kg bwt hypertonic saline via a jugular catheter over 1 h. Immediately prior to infusion and at 0, 20, 40, 60 and 90 min after the completion of the infusion, echocardiographic images were obtained from the right parasternal window. The left ventricular internal diameter at end diastole and left ventricular internal diameter in peak systole were measured and ventricular volume measurements were calculated by the Teicholz method. Data were analysed using a mixed effects model, which included horse as a random effect. The effect of observation time was assessed accounting for correlation between observations.ResultsFractional shortening and ejection fraction increased significantly 40 min after completion of infusion. Left ventricular internal diameter at end diastole, end diastolic volume and stroke volume all followed the same pattern and were increased at 20, 40 and 60 min compared to preinfusion values. There were also significant differences between the 0 and 40, 40 and 90, 60 and 90 time points. Other parameters did not differ significantly between time points.ConclusionsHypertonic saline increases end‐diastolic and stroke volume for approximately 1 h after completion of a 60 min infusion in euvolaemic horses. This adds to the evidence available to clinicians regarding the duration of action of hypertonic saline.
Net ecosystem exchange of CO2 with rapidly changing high Arctic landscapes
Authors: Emmerton Craig A. , St. Louis Vincent L. , Humphreys Elyn R. , Gamon John A. , Barker Joel D. , Pastorello Gilberto Z. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractHigh Arctic landscapes are expansive and changing rapidly. However, our understanding of their functional responses and potential to mitigate or enhance anthropogenic climate change is limited by few measurements. We collected eddy covariance measurements to quantify the net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2 with polar semidesert and meadow wetland landscapes at the highest latitude location measured to date (82°N). We coupled these rare data with ground and satellite vegetation production measurements (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index; NDVI) to evaluate the effectiveness of upscaling local to regional NEE. During the growing season, the dry polar semidesert landscape was a near‐zero sink of atmospheric CO2 (NEE: −0.3 ± 13.5 g C m−2). A nearby meadow wetland accumulated over 300 times more carbon (NEE: −79.3 ± 20.0 g C m−2) than the polar semidesert landscape, and was similar to meadow wetland NEE at much more southerly latitudes. Polar semidesert NEE was most influenced by moisture, with wetter surface soils resulting in greater soil respiration and CO2 emissions. At the meadow wetland, soil heating enhanced plant growth, which in turn increased CO2 uptake. Our upscaling assessment found that polar semidesert NDVI measured on‐site was low (mean: 0.120–0.157) and similar to satellite measurements (mean: 0.155–0.163). However, weak plant growth resulted in poor satellite NDVI–NEE relationships and created challenges for remotely detecting changes in the cycling of carbon on the polar semidesert landscape. The meadow wetland appeared more suitable to assess plant production and NEE via remote sensing; however, high Arctic wetland extent is constrained by topography to small areas that may be difficult to resolve with large satellite pixels. We predict that until summer precipitation and humidity increases enough to offset poor soil moisture retention, climate‐related changes to productivity on polar semideserts may be restricted.
Agrarian Inequality and Civil War Revisited
Authors: Gutierrez Francisco 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe paper maps the trajectory of the proposition according to which agrarian inequality is somehow associated with the onset and persistence of civil wars. This proposition was dominant in many disciplines in the 1960s and 1970s but was radically challenged by economic/individualistic interpretations of war, which forced it out from the research agenda. However, it has made a strong comeback, allowing many classical themes to be reconsidered. But the present way of linking agrarian inequality to civil war involves new themes and a more complex political economy of violent conflict, as well as different understandings of the relevant inequalities and of the role of institutions, actors, and space. This, in turn, poses complex research questions and methodological challenges.
Porcine recombinant factor VIII (Obizur; OBI‐1; BAX801): product characteristics and preclinical profile
Authors: Lillicrap D. , Schiviz A. , Apostol C. , Wojciechowski P. , Horling F. , Lai C. K. , Piskernik C. , Hoellriegl W. , Lollar P. 
Published: August 2015

IntroductionAcquired haemophilia A (AHA) is a rare, often severe, auto‐immune bleeding disorder caused by the development of inhibitory antibodies (inhibitors) to factor VIII (FVIII). Bypassing agents, recombinant activated FVII or activated prothrombin complex concentrate, are currently recommended as first‐line treatments to control bleeding events in patients with AHA.AimA plasma‐derived porcine FVIII (Hyate:C, Ipsen, UK) was used as a first‐line treatment for AHA but was discontinued in 2004 due to viral safety concerns. A recombinant pFVIII (rpFVIII), Obizur (OBI‐1; BAX801), which is expected to have a similar efficacy profile to Hyate:C but with a superior safety profile was developed and recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of AHA.MethodsObizur manufacturing begins with the expression of B domain deleted rpFVIII by genetically modified baby hamster kidney‐derived cells. The final purified and lyophilized drug product has a negligible risk of viral contamination and contains no animal‐derived plasma proteins. Obizur was evaluated for immunogenicity, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and bleeding times in preclinical models including in haemophiliac dogs, cynomolgus monkeys and FVIII‐knockout mice.ResultsPreclinical animal studies show that the efficacy and immunogenicity of Obizur are similar to that of Hyate:C and that Obizur has a more favourable safety profile.ConclusionsObizur is a highly purified recombinant porcine FVIII drug product that has been demonstrated to have a favourable safety and efficacy profile when compared with Hyate:C and can be a valuable treatment option for control of bleeding in AHA patients.
Sterilization of rotary NiTi instruments within endodontic sponges
Authors: Chan H. W. A. , Tan K. H. , Dashper S. G. , Reynolds E. C. , Parashos P. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAimTo determine whether the following can be sterilized by autoclaving – endodontic sponges, rotary nickel–titanium (NiTi) instruments within endodontic sponges, and rotary NiTi instruments with rubber stoppers.MethodologySixty‐four samples of eight different endodontic sponges (n = 512) were placed into brain heart infusion broth (BHI) for 72 h. An aliquot of this was then spread onto horse blood agar and cultured aerobically and anaerobically to test sterility at purchase. Bacterial suspensions of Enterococcus faecalis, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Geobacillus stearothermophilus in BHI were used to contaminate sterile sponges and rotary NiTi instruments (with and without rubber stoppers) inserted into sponges. The various samples were autoclaved and then cultured aerobically and anaerobically. Success of sterilization was measured qualitatively as no growth. The experiment was repeated with clinically used rotary NiTi instruments (n = 512). All experiments were conducted in quadruplicate.ResultsNo sponges on purchase had microbial growth when anaerobically cultured but some did when aerobically cultured. All autoclaved sponges and instruments (within or without sponges, and with or without rubber stoppers) were associated with no microbial growth. All nonautoclaved positive control samples showed microbial growth.ConclusionsAutoclaving was effective in the sterilization of sponges and endodontic instruments. Endodontic sponges should be autoclaved before clinical use. For clinical efficiency and cost‐effectiveness, rotary NiTi instruments can be sterilized in endodontic sponges without removal of rubber stoppers.
Cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and antibacterial effectiveness of a bioceramic endodontic sealer
Authors: Candeiro G. T. M. , Moura‐Netto C. , D'Almeida‐Couto R. S. , Azambuja‐Júnior N. , Marques M. M. , Cai S. , Gavini G. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAimTo compare the characteristics of bioceramic endodontic sealer EndosequenceBCsealer with those ofAHPlus sealer.MethodologyCytotoxicity and genotoxicity were analysed on human gingival fibroblasts submitted to cell culture medium conditioned by sealers using theMTTreduction assay and micronucleus formation test (MNT), respectively. Cells grown on fresh medium served as controls. Cell viabilities were measured at 1, 3, 5 and 7 days. The antibacterial activity was analysed on anEnterococcus faecalisstrain (ATCC29212) using both on agar diffusion test (ADT) and a direct contact test (DCT). The inhibition zones inADTwere measured after 48 h and the colony‐forming units counting in theDCTafter 1, 24, 72 and 168 h. Data were compared byanovaand Tukey's test andMNTby Fisher's exact test (P < 0.05).ResultsCultures submitted to EndosequenceBCsealer had a significantly higher number of viable cells (P < 0.01) and less micronucleus formation (P < 0.05) thanAHPlus sealer. EndosequenceBCsealer exhibited significantly smaller inhibition zones (6.00 ± 0.03 mm) thanAHPlus sealer (10.31 ± 0.21 mm) (P < 0.05). Moreover, EndosequenceBCsealer had significantly smaller antibacterial activity thanAHPlus sealer up to 1 h of direct contact (P < 0.05). On other exposure times, both materials had similar antibacterial effectiveness (P > 0.05).ConclusionsBioceramic‐based sealer had less cytotoxicity and genotoxicity and similar antibacterial effect againstE. faecalisin comparison withAHPlus sealer.
Pap smear screening, pap smear abnormalities and psychosocial risk factors among women in a residential alcohol and drug rehabilitation facility
Authors: Soccio Jacqui , Brown Margaret , Comino Elizabeth , Friesen Emma 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAimTo compare rates of late‐ screening, abnormal Pap smears and prevalence of psychosocial factors for cervical cancer between women in the community and women attending a residential drug and alcohol facility.BackgroundWomen with drug and alcohol addiction experience higher rates of abnormal Pap smears, late‐ or under‐ screening and psychosocial risk factors including domestic violence and sexual assault.DesignA descriptive cross‐sectional study of women attending publically funded women's health clinics in the community or in a live‐in residential drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility.MethodsThe study was approved in May 2012. Data were collected between October 2012–December 2013 using standardized women's health questionnaires, domestic violence screening tools and Pap smear tests.ResultsWomen attending the rehabilitation facility had higher rates of abnormal Pap smears (16·7% vs. 1·6%) and self‐reported history of abnormal Pap smears (44·4% vs. 20·6%). They also reported higher rates of smoking (72·2% vs. 29·2%), experience of sexual assault (44·1% vs. 16·9%), experience of domestic violence (65·7% vs. 10·9%) and other psychosocial risk factors, than women living in the general community. Unexpectedly, women in the rehabilitation facility reported similar levels of late screening as women in the community (52·8% vs. 55·4%).ConclusionWomen with drug and alcohol addiction have significantly higher incidence of risk factors for cervical cancer and abnormal Pap smears. Provision of opportunistic cervical cancer screening during residential treatment appears to reduce incidence of late‐screening. Roles of Women's Health Nurses in providing services to vulnerable women should be explored further.