bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and evaluation of ashless detergent/dispersant additives for lubricating engine oil
Authors: Ahmed Nehal S. , Abdel-Hameed Hamdy S. , El-Kafrawy Ahmed F. , Nassar Amal M. 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– The aim of this paper is to solve the problem of carbonaceous deposits in automotive engines by preparing different ashless detergent/dispersant additives based on propylene oxide (PO) and different amines. Carbonaceous deposits in automotive engines are the major problems associated with oil aging. Efficient detergents and dispersants have been used to solve this problem, particularly in lubricating oils.

Design/methodology/approach
– The structures of the prepared compounds were confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) for determination of molecular weight. This was followed by the evaluation of the prepared compounds such as detergent/dispersant and antioxidants additives for lubricating engine oil using several techniques such as variation of viscosity ratio, change in total acid number, optical density using infrared techniques, spot method, determination of sludge and determination the potential detergent dispersant efficiency (PDDE).

Findings
– All the prepared compounds were found to be soluble in lubricating oil. The efficiency of the prepared compounds such as antioxidant and detergent/dispersant additives for lubricating oil was investigated. It was found that the additives have excellent power of dispersion, detergency and the most efficient additives such as antioxidant those prepared by using n,n-dimethyloctadecylamine (NDOA) and di-n-butyl dithio phosphoric acid.

Practical implications
– The paper includes preparation of new compounds from the reaction of propoxylated amines and different organic acids and evaluates them as detergent/dispersant and antioxidants additives by using several techniques.

Originality/value
– This paper fulfils an identified need to prepare new compounds from the reaction of propoxylated amines and different organic acids and evaluates them as additives by using different methods. All were found to have better efficiency as compared with commercial additives.
Piston ring-cylinder liner tribology investigation in mixed lubrication regime: part I-correlation with bench experiment
Authors: Ba Lin , He Zhenpeng , Guo Lingyan , Chiang Young , Zhang Guichang , Lu Xing 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to improve the environment and save energy, friction reduction, lower oil consumption and emissions demand that are the chief objectives of the automotive industry. The piston system is the largest frictional loss source, which accounts for about 40 per cent of the total frictional loss in engine. In this paper, the reciprocating tribometer, which is updated, was used to evaluate the friction and wear performances.

Design/methodology/approach
– An alternate method is introduced to investigate the effect of reciprocating speed, normal load, oil pump speed and ring sample and oil temperature on friction coefficient with the ring/liner of a typical inline diesel engine. The orthogonal experiment is designed to identify the factors that dominate wear behavior. To understand the correlations between friction coefficients and wear well, different friction coefficient results were compared and explained by oil film build-up and asperity contact theory, such as the friction coefficient over a long period and averaged the friction coefficient over one revolution.

Findings
– The friction coefficient changes little but fluctuates with a small amplitude in the stable stage. The sudden change of frequency, load and stroke will lead to the oil film rupture. The identification for the factors that dominates the wear loss is ranged as F (ring sample)
>
, E (oil sample)
>
, B (stroke)
>
, D (temperature)
>
, A (load)
>
, G (liner)
>
and C (frequency).

Originality/value
– This paper develops and verifies a methodology capable of mimicking the real engine behavior at boundary and mixed lubrication regimes which can minimize frictional losses, wear, reduce much work for the experiment and reduce the cost. The originality of the work is well qualified, as very few papers on a similar analysis have been published, such as: The friction coefficient values fluctuating in the whole stage may be caused by the vibration of the system; suddenly, boundary alternation may help the oil film to form the lubrication; and weight loss mainly comes from the contribution of the friction coefficient value fluctuation. The paper also found that the statistics can gain more information from less experiment time based on a design of experiment.
On-line detection of incipient trend changes in lubricant parameters
Authors: Salgueiro José Miguel , Peršin Gabrijel , Hrovatin Jasna , Juricic Ðani , Vižintin Jože 
Published: September 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to present a data fusion methodology for online oil condition and wear particles monitoring for assessment of a mechanical spur gear transmission system.Design/methodology/approach– In this work, a background understanding of the tribological phenomena behind oil degradation and wear on the contact surface of mechanical elements is presented. Experimental results were obtained from oil continuously sampled from an operating a single-stage gearbox. Sampling was done by a multi-sensor automated prototype and online analysis performed by algorithms implemented in a C-code programmed graphical user interface.Findings– Two sets of experiments were performed to observe different fault events frequently occurred in an industrial environment. Fault detection was achieved in appropriate time under constant operating conditions. Under variable operating conditions, same results were obtained by adjusting analysis parameters to critical operation conditions.Originality/value– The value of this research work is the integration of the hardware and software necessary for online monitoring of oil condition and mechanical wear. The setup integrates online sampling with data acquisition, wireless communication, change detection and fault recognition computation. The approach has application in non-destructive online condition-based maintenance.
How products induce regulatory fit: evidence from the health domain
Authors: Borges Adilson , Gomez Pierrick 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to test whether the simple exposure to different types of products can trigger different motivational orientation on consumers (prevention vs promotion), which in turn would match message frame and increase persuasion.

Design/methodology/approach
– Three experiments test whether exposure to product categories can trigger consumer’s regulatory focus orientation. Participants in the pilot study are students, while participants in the two other studies are consumers.

Findings
– A first pilot study randomly exposed participants to a product that could trigger promotion orientation (e.g. orange juice) versus a product that could trigger prevention orientation (e.g. sunscreen). Participants exposed to promotion (prevention) product suggest more promotion (prevention) strategies to reach a particular goal (preparing for their final exam). Study 2 shows that gain (vs loss)-framed messages using health appeals have better evaluations when featuring promotion (vs prevention) products. Study 3 generalizes these results using another sample and different product categories.

Research limitations/implications
– The paper uses some product categories and including other categories would increase external validity.

Practical implications
– The practical implication is to help marketers to choose the right health argument to match the product category they are trying to sell.

Originality/value
– Theoretically, the results from three studies show that exposure to products can temporarily trigger a consumer’s regulatory focus and that messages using health arguments that are consistent with this regulatory focus are more persuasive than those that are not. Managerially, these results help managers to adapt the right message in function of the product category.
How subjective processing fluency predicts attitudes toward visual advertisements and purchase intention
Authors: Storme Martin , Myszkowski Nils , Davila Andres , Bournois Frank 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to investigate the role of attention, processing motivation and processing depth in the relationship between self-reported subjective processing fluency and relevant advertisement variables such as ad attitude, brand attitude and purchase intentions.

Design/methodology/approach
– Two empirical studies were conducted using self-report questionnaires.

Findings
– In Study 1 (N = 176), the measure of self-reported subjective processing fluency was pretested. As expected, it was found to be sensitive to visual and semantic features of advertisements and to predict attitudes toward an advertisement. In Study 2 (N = 204), mediation analyses showed that self-reported subjective processing fluency was a predictor of attitude toward the advertisement (through attention and processing depth), attitude toward the brand (through processing depth) and purchase intentions (through processing depth).

Research limitations/implications
– The results emphasize the role of cognitive processing in explaining the effect of processing fluency on attitudes in marketing research.

Practical implications
– Practitioners could use this theoretical framework and take into account the fluency with which consumers process information to improve the way they advertise their products.

Originality/value
– The results suggest that self-reported subjective processing fluency can be relevant to predicting consumers’ attitudes because it increases attention and processing depth of the advertisement.
Examining the relationship between managerial power and affective organizational commitment
Authors: Jalilvand Mohammad Reza , Nasrolahi Vosta Leila 
Published: September 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of five dimensions of power (coercive, expert, legitimate, referent, and reward) on employees’ affective commitment in the sport organizations using social exchange theory.Design/methodology/approach– Data were collected using a questionnaire including managerial power and affective commitment measures. A sample of 318 employees from a number of sport organizations operating in the Iran was used. Structural equation modeling was used to test the relationship between managerial power and affective commitment.Findings– There are two major findings in this research. First, the relationships among expert power, legitimate power, reward power, referent power, and affective commitment are positive and significant. Second, the construct of coercive power was not associated with employees’ affective commitment. The findings suggest that managerial power relates with a social exchange relationship where employees exchange positive outcomes including strong affective commitment. When people perceive manager power, they feel more affectively attached to their organizations.Research limitations/implications– Sampling was one of the limitations identified in this study. The fact that convenience sampling was used meant that results were not immediately transferable to the general working population. In addition, the sample subjects in this study were mostly employees who worked in the sport sector of Iran. Future research could look into extending the study population to include collect input from other types of organization. If samples were drawn from a wider range of demographics, then the results become more meaningful.Practical implications– Power generally refers to the ability, capacity or potential to get others do something, to command, to influence, to determine, or to control the behaviors, intentions, decisions, or actions of others in the pursuit of one’s own goals or interests despite resistance, as well as to induce changes. By utilizing expert power, reward power, legitimate power, and referent power, managers can promote affective organizational commitment and, thus, individual and organizational performance. It is likely that this occurs because people react reciprocally toward an organization that satisfies their needs, makes them feel that they are valued as human beings and that they deserve respectful treatment, and allows them to experience senses of purpose, self-determination, enjoyment, and belonging.Originality/value– The fact that power can be used as an effective tool to coordinate and manage others appears to be largely ignored in the literature. The paper contributes by filling a gap in the organization and management literature, in which empirical studies on managerial power as an antecedent of affective organizational commitment have been scarce until now.
Experimental evaluation of a vocationally integrated therapeutic community
Authors: Mandell Wallace , Lidz Victor , Dahl James J. 
Published: September 2015

Purpose– Retrospective studies of therapeutic community (TC) treatment for drug abuse found reductions in drug use, criminality, and increased work participation after treatment completion. These studies have also shown treatment benefits, even without completion, are correlated with days of stay in residential treatment. However, others have found that high rates of early leaving from TC treatment reduce the proportion of clients with positive outcomes, raise the total cost per treated client, and lower the treatment benefit-to-costs ratio. The purpose of this paper is to describe an experimental approach to raising the days in residential treatment using earlier vocational access for clients.Design/methodology/approach– The current study used a random assignment design to compare earlier integration of on-site vocational training in a vocationally integrated therapeutic community to off-site vocational training initiated after one year of residence in a traditional therapeutic community.Findings– The resulting data support the hypotheses that client expectations and early training in job skills increase rate of treatment affiliation, the proportion of clients having effective lengths of stay, and the rate of treatment completion.Research limitations/implications– Research limitations/implications include the difficulty of assuring unbiased selection and controlling treatment assignment and conditions.Practical implications– Practical implications of this research project are to support practitioners striving for longer, more effective lengths of stay, while at the same time attempting to reduce treatment time and increase effectiveness.Social implications– Social Implications of this project are to encourage social support for addiction treatment and emphasize the value of paired residential treatment and vocational education.Originality/value– The originality and value of this research project lies in the adoption of a working model at Phoenix House TC (in-house vocational preparation), which utilizes early in-house vocational education as a means to increase residential program participation, increase employment skills and prospects, and decrease overall length of treatment.
Network based therapy: theoretical outline of a support model for adults and adolescents struggling to cope
Authors: Jones Barry 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– The Service User Network (SUN) follows the ethos of the therapeutic community and draws upon coping theory and psychoanalytic understanding of personality disorder to provide a supportive group-based resource to adults struggling to cope. The paper aims to discuss this issue.

Design/methodology/approach
– The original SUN Project has been successfully replicated, with the further addition and integration of psychoanalytically – derived approaches to the treatment of personality disorder within that replication. The most notable theoretical additions come from the mentalization-based therapy model and the Independent School of Psychoanalysis. In this paper, the author expands the original description of the model to include these theoretical additions, together with a fuller account of the original tenets of the treatment paradigm than previously described.

Findings
– This provides an outline of a network-based therapy (NETBT) as a first stage in manualizing the model, as well as extending its use to support adolescents.

Originality/value
– Network-based therapy is a new, evolving group treatment for adolescents and adults struggling to cope.
Theoretical analysis of non‐geometric PS‐waves recorded at the water bottom interface
Authors: Allouche Nihed , Drijkoningen Guy 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTWhen a seismic source is placed in the water at a height less than a wavelength from the water–solid interface, a prominent S‐wave arrival can be observed. It travels kinematically as if it was excited at the projection point of the source on the interface. This non‐geometric S‐wave has been investigated before, mainly for a free‐surface configuration. However, as was shown in a field experiment, the non‐geometric S‐wave can also be excited at a fluid–solid configuration if the S‐wave speed in the solid is less than the sound speed in the water. The amplitude of this wave exponentially decreases when the source is moved away from the interface revealing its evanescent character in the fluid. In the solid, this particular converted mode is propagating as an ordinary S‐wave and can be transmitted and reflected as such. There is a specific region of horizontal slownesses where this non‐geometric wave exists, depending on the ratio of the S‐wave velocity and the sound speed of water. Only for ratios smaller than 1, this wave appears. Lower ratios result in a wider region of appearance. Due to this property, this particular P‐S converted mode can be identified and filtered from other events in the Radon domain.
Fluid Spatial Imaginaries: Evolving Estuarial City‐regional Spaces
Authors: Haughton Graham , Allmendinger Philip 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis article looks at successive attempts to create new spatial imaginaries around three estuary‐based city regions in England: the London–Thames Gateway, the Atlantic Gateway/Mersey Belt (Manchester and Liverpool), and Hull and the Humber ports. We develop a framework of analysis for new planning and regeneration spaces that takes forward debates on relational and territorial geographies, spatial imaginaries and the creation of new regional identities as governance objects. Specifically, we adopt a long‐term and comparative perspective that allows an examination of how successive efforts at regional building are both path‐dependent and context‐specific, as new approaches reflect emerging ideas about how best to construct successful regions in a changing global economy.
Seasonal succession of the travertine‐forming desmid Oocardium stratum
Authors: Linhart Caroline , Schagerl Michael 
Published: September 2015

The calcifying Conjugatophyte Oocardium stratum occurs exclusively in spring‐associated limestones (SAL) with active meteogene limestone deposition. The macroscopic colonies of Oocardium stratum form hemispherical, pinhead‐like structures with a diameter of 0.5–2.0 mm. As its autecology is still poorly understood, we focused on the seasonal development of Oocardium stratum and linked environmental factors to its abundance. The study was conducted in a rivulet in Lunz/See (Austria) for 16 months on a weekly (growing season) to monthly (winter season) basis. Oocardium colonies were found throughout the whole year, with maximum abundance during the mid‐summer months July and August. Repeated macro‐mapping of three SAL sites measuring 750 cm2 each showed a maximum Oocardium cover of around 30% in August; two smaller peaks developed in early summer and late autumn with ~10% cover. Diatom mats dominated by Cymbella excisiformis occurred in spring, autumn and winter, with more than 75% cover. The seasonal change between Oocardium and diatoms in limestone‐precipitating springs causes a typical sequence pattern of limestone layers. Redundancy analysis revealed water temperature and bicarbonate content as the main structuring factors; these control the occurrence and growth of Oocardium, reflecting season as a background variable. Optimum growth conditions for Oocardium were an alkalinity around 4.7 meq · L−1 and a water temperature around 13°C. Site openness, nitrate and dissolved carbon dioxide were inversely related to Oocardium biomass, the opposite for diatoms. Other environmental factors such as total ions or soluble reactive phosphorus had no significant influence on Oocardium stratum abundance.
Comparative efficacy of antiviral therapy in preventing vertical transmission of hepatitis B: a network meta‐analysis
Authors: Njei Basile , Gupta Neil , Ewelukwa Oforbuike , Ditah Ivo , Foma Munoh , Lim Joseph K. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackground & AimsAntiviral drugs are safe and effective in the third trimester to prevent intrauterine transmission of hepatitis B virus, and are recommended for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infected gravid mothers (between weeks 28 and 32) with high viral load, followed by postnatal hepatitis B immunization in the newborn. We estimated the comparative efficacy of antiviral drugs for prevention of vertical transmission of HBV, through a network meta‐analysis of clinical trials.MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, EMBASE and published proceedings from major liver meetings from January 1980 to November 2014. We conducted pair‐wise meta‐analyses and Bayesian framework using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods, combining direct and indirect evidence for any given pair of treatments.ResultsSeventeen clinical trials involving 2764 newborns of hepatitis B surface antigen seropositive mothers were eligible for analysis. There were no clinical trials involving tenofovir or entecavir. On pair‐wise meta‐analyses, telbivudine (hazard ratio, HR 0.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.04–0.37; I2 = 0%), and Lamivudine (HR 0.40, 95% CI 0.24–0.65; I2 = 0%), were more effective than placebo in reducing vertical transmission of HBV in high viremic hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)‐positive chronic Hepatitis B Chinese patients. Sensitivity analyses limited to studies with HBeAg seropositive mothers revealed similar results.ConclusionsBased on a Bayesian network meta‐analysis of clinical trials, combining direct and indirect treatment comparisons, telbivudine appears to be more effective than Lamivudine for preventing vertical transmission of HBV infection. Trials assessing the efficacy of tenofovir or entecavir compared to placebo or other antiviral drugs are lacking.