bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aqueous Rechargeable Batteries for Large‐scale Energy Storage
Authors: Liu Jun , Hu Junping , Deng Qi , Mo Jun , Xie Hao , Liu Zaichun , Xiong Yuanfu , Wu Xiongwei , Wu Yuping 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe depletion of fossil fuels and environmental pollution provide an increasing requirement for rechargeable batteries with high energy densities, high efficiency, and excellent cycling performance. Aqueous rechargeable batteries (ARBs), with the merits of safety, low‐cost, super‐fast charge‐discharge ability, and environmental friendliness, are one of the most competitive technologies for large‐scale energy systems. Recently, extensive efforts have been dedicated to enhancing their electrochemical performance, and great breakthroughs have been achieved, especially for aqueous rechargeable lithium batteries (ARLBs), including three generations of ARLBs, aqueous rechargeable sodium batteries (ARSBs), and redox flow batteries (RFBs). Herein, the latest advances on their critical components are reviewed, and challenges and further directions are also pointed out.
Quantitative multi‐spectral oxygen saturation measurements independent of tissue optical properties
Authors: Radrich Karin , Ntziachristos Vasilis 
Published: March 2015

Imaging of tissue oxygenation is important in several applications associated with patient care. Optical sensing is commonly applied for assessing oxygen saturation but is often restricted to local measurements or else it requires spectral and spatial information at the expense of time. Many methods proposed so far require assumptions on the properties of measured tissue. In this study we investigated a computational method that uses only multispectral information and quantitatively computes tissue oxygen saturation independently of tissue optical properties. The method is based on linear transformations of measurements in three isosbestic points. We investigated the ideal isosbestic point combination out of six isosbestic points available for measurement in the visible and near‐infrared region that enable accurate oxygen saturation computation. We demonstrate this method on controlled tissue mimicking phantoms having different optical properties and validated the measurements using a gas analyzer. A mean error of 2.9 ± 2.8% O2Sat was achieved. Finally, we performed pilot studies in tissues in‐vivo by measuring dynamic changes in fingers subjected to vascular occlusion, the vasculature of mouse ears and exposed mouse organs.
Selected steps of spectral transformations applied to oxygenation spectra. The original reflectance spectrum M(λ) is transformed in step 1 to overlap with reference spectra (grey) in three isosbestic points, resulting in M″(λ). In step 2, the gradient of M″(λ) is computed resulting in M″grad(λ), which can be used for quantitative oxygenation computation.magnified imageSelected steps of spectral transformations applied to oxygenation spectra. The original reflectance spectrum M(λ) is transformed in step 1 to overlap with reference spectra (grey) in three isosbestic points, resulting in M″(λ). In step 2, the gradient of M″(λ) is computed resulting in M″grad(λ), which can be used for quantitative oxygenation computation.
Influence of collagen source on fibrillar architecture and properties of vitrified collagen membranes
Authors: Majumdar Shoumyo , Guo Qiongyu , Garza‐Madrid Marcos , Calderon‐Colon Xiomara , Duan Derek , Carbajal Priscilla , Schein Oliver , Trexler Morgana , Elisseeff Jennifer 
Published: March 2015

AbstractCollagen vitrigel membranes are transparent biomaterials characterized by a densely organized, fibrillar nanostructure that show promise in the treatment of corneal injury and disease. In this study, the influence of different type I collagen sources and processing techniques, including acid‐solubilized collagen from bovine dermis (Bov), pepsin‐solubilized collagen from human fibroblast cell culture (HuCC), and ficin‐solubilized collagen from recombinant human collagen expressed in tobacco leaves (rH), on the properties of the vitrigel membranes was evaluated. Postvitrification carbodiimide crosslinking (CX) was also carried out on the vitrigels from each collagen source, forming crosslinked counterparts BovXL, HuCCXL, and rHXL, respectively. Collagen membrane ultrastructure and biomaterial properties were found to rely heavily on both collagen source and crosslinking. Bov and HuCC samples showed a random fibrillar organization of collagen, whereas rH vitrigels showed remarkable regional fibril alignment. After CX, light transmission was enhanced in all groups. Denaturation temperatures after CX increased in all membranes, of which the highest increase was seen in rH (14.71°C), suggesting improved thermal stability of the collagen fibrils in the membranes. Noncrosslinked rH vitrigels may be reinforced through CX to reach levels of mechanical strength and thermal stability comparable to Bov. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 300–307, 2016.
Maternal Preeclampsia Is Associated With Reduced Adolescent Offspring Hip BMD in a UK Population-Based Birth Cohort
Authors: Hannam Kimberly , Lawlor Debbie A , Tobias Jon H 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT

A suboptimal intrauterine environment has been postulated to have adverse long-term health effects, including an increased risk of osteoporosis. Because preeclampsia (PE) and to a lesser extent gestational hypertension (GH) are associated with impaired placental function, we postulated that these represent hitherto unrecognized risk factors for reduced bone mineral density (BMD) of the offspring. The objective of this study was to investigate if exposure to PE or GH in utero is associated with BMD of the offspring as measured in late adolescence. Mother-offspring pairs from the UK population-based cohort study, Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), were investigated (n = 3088 with relevant data). Multivariable linear regression was used to examine associations between PE/GH and total body, spine, and total hip BMD at age 17 years. Of the 3088 mother-offspring pairs, 2% (n = 60) of the mothers fulfilled criteria for PE and 14% (n = 416) for GH. In confounder-adjusted analyses (ie, age of scan, gender, maternal factors, including BMI, offspring height, fat mass, and lean mass), PE was negatively associated with BMD at the hip (SD difference –0.30; 95%CI, –0.50 to –0.10). This association was not attenuated by further adjustment for gestational age and birth weight, which were hypothesized to be on the causal pathway. There was also weak evidence for a negative association between PE and total body BMD (SD difference –0.17; 95% CI, –0.36 to 0.02), whereas no relationship was evident at the spine (SD difference –0.11; 95% CI, –0.30 to 0.09). In contrast, a positive association of GH with offspring total body, hip, and spine BMD attenuated to the null with adjustment for confounders, in particular confounding via the maternal and offspring adiposity/size and the link between the two. Modest negative associations from exposure to PE, but not GH may represent a hitherto unrecognized risk factor for low BMD. Further exploration of the causal relationship of the in utero environment on subsequent offspring bone health is required. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Tendon basic science: Development, repair, regeneration, and healing
Authors: Andarawis‐Puri Nelly , Flatow Evan L. , Soslowsky Louis J. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTTendinopathy and tendon rupture are common and disabling musculoskeletal conditions. Despite the prevalence of these injuries, a limited number of investigators are conducting fundamental, basic science studies focused on understanding processes governing tendinopathies and tendon healing. Development of effective therapeutics is hindered by the lack of fundamental guiding data on the biology of tendon development, signal transduction, mechanotransduction, and basic mechanisms underlying tendon pathogenesis and healing. To propel much needed progress, the New Frontiers in Tendon Research Conference, co‐sponsored by NIAMS/NIH, the Orthopaedic Research Society, and the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, was held to promote exchange of ideas between tendon researchers and basic science experts from outside the tendon field. Discussed research areas that are underdeveloped and represent major hurdles to the progress of the field will be presented in this review. To address some of these outstanding questions, conference discussions and breakout sessions focused on six topic areas (Cell Biology and Mechanics, Functional Extracellular Matrix, Development, Mechano‐biology, Scarless Healing, and Mechanisms of Injury and Repair), which are reviewed in this special issue and briefly presented in this review. Review articles in this special issue summarize the progress in the field and identify essential new research directions. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:780–784, 2015.
A canine hybrid double‐bundle model for study of arthroscopic ACL reconstruction
Authors: Cook James L. , Smith Patrick A. , Stannard James P. , Pfeiffer Ferris M. , Kuroki Keiichi , Bozynski Chantelle C. , Cook Cristi R. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTDevelopment and validation of a large animal model for pre‐clinical studies of intra‐articular anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction that addresses current limitations is highly desirable. The objective of the present study was to investigate a translational canine model for ACL reconstruction. With institutional approval, adult research hounds underwent arthroscopic debridement of the anteromedial bundle (AMB) of the ACL, and then either received a tendon autograft for “hybrid double‐bundle” ACL reconstruction (n = 12) or no graft to remain ACL/AMB‐deficient (n = 6). Contralateral knees were used as non‐operated controls (n = 18) and matched canine cadaveric knees were used as biomechanical controls (n = 6). Dogs were assessed using functional, diagnostic imaging, gross, biomechanical, and histologic outcome measures required for pre‐clinical animal models. The data suggest that this canine model was able to overcome the major limitations of large animal models used for translational research in ACL reconstruction and closely follow clinical aspects of human ACL reconstruction. The “hybrid double‐bundle” ACL reconstruction allowed for sustained knee function without the development of osteoarthritis and for significantly improved functional, diagnostic imaging, gross, biomechanical, and histologic outcomes in grafted knees compared to ACL/AMB‐deficient knees. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:1171–1179, 2015.
Radiographic angles in hallux valgus: Comparison between protractor and iPhone measurements
Authors: Meng Hong‐Zheng , Zhang Wei‐Lin , Li Xiu‐Cheng , Yang Mao‐Wei 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTRadiographic angles are used to assess the severity of hallux valgus deformity, make preoperative plans, evaluate outcomes after surgery, and compare results between different methods. Traditionally, hallux valgus angle (HVA) has been measured by using a protractor and a marker pen with hardcopy radiographs. The main objective of this study is to compare HVA measurements performed using a smartphone and a traditional protractor. The secondary objective was to compare the time taken between those two methods. Six observers measured major HVA on 20 radiographs of hallux valgus deformity with both a standard protractor and an Apple iPhone. Four of the observers repeated the measurements at least a week after the original measurements. The mean absolute difference between pairs of protractor and smartphone measurements was 3.2°. The 95% confidence intervals for intra‐observer variability were ±3.1° for the smartphone measurement and ±3.2° for the protractor method. The 95% confidence intervals for inter‐observer variability were ±9.1° for the smartphone measurement and ±9.6° for the protractor measurement. We conclude that the smartphone is equivalent to the protractor for the accuracy of HVA measurement. But, the time taken in smartphone measurement was also reduced. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:1250–1254, 2015.
Prognostic role of nuclear factor/IB and bone remodeling proteins in metastatic giant cell tumor of bone: A retrospective study
Authors: Quattrini Irene , Pollino Serena , Pazzaglia Laura , Conti Amalia , Novello Chiara , Ferrari Cristina , Pignotti Elettra , Picci Piero , Benassi Maria Serena 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTGiant cell tumor of bone (GCTb) represents 5% of bone tumors, and although considered benign, 5% metastasize to the lung. The expression of proteins directly or indirectly associated with osteolysis and tumor growth was studied on 163 samples of GCTb. Of these, 33 patients developed lung metastasis during follow‐up. The impact of tumor–host interaction on clinical aspects was evaluated with the aim of finding specific markers for new biological therapies, thus improving clinical management of GCTb. Protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis on Tissue Microarray. The majority of GCTb samples from patients with metastatic disease were strongly positive to RANKL and its receptor RANK as well as to CAII and MMP‐2 and to pro‐survival proteins NFIB and c‐Fos. Kaplan–Meier analysis indicated a significant difference in metastasis free survival curves based on protein staining. Interestingly, the statistical correlation established a strong association between all variables studied with a higher τ coefficient for RANK/RANKL, RANK/NFIB, and RANKL/NFIB pairs. At multivariate analysis co‐overexpression of NFIB, RANK and RANKL significantly increased the risk of metastasis with an odds ratio of 13.59 (95%CI 4.12–44.82; p < 0.0005). In conclusion, the interconnection between matrix remodeling and tumor cell activity may identify tumor–host endpoints for new biological treatments. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:1205–1211, 2015.
Chemical quality assessment of traditional salt‐fermented shrimp paste from Northern Mindanao, Philippines
Authors: Pilapil Anna R , Neyrinck Ellen , Deloof Daphne , Bekaert Karen , Robbens Johan , Raes Katleen 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDShrimp paste is an important fermented commodity in the Philippines, but so far its quality parameters have hardly been characterized. In this study, paste samples procured in the province of Agusan del Norte, Philippines from three different traditional manufacturers and from a commercial supermarket were analyzed for their chemical composition.RESULTSBoth traditional and commercial shrimp pastes varied in their content of protein (12.9–15.3 g per 100 g), fat (0.50–1.94 g per 100 g), saturated fatty acids (32.6–39.1 g per 100 g fatty acid methyl esters (FAME)), monounsaturated fatty acids (15.1–18.7 g per 100 g FAME) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (30.7–40.8 g per 100 g FAME). Their pH ranged between 6.8 and 7.7. The samples were microbiologically stable owing to their low water activity (0.70–0.74) and high NaCl content (4.04–5.15 g per 100 g). Although all samples were processed in the same country and under similar conditions, differences were observed in some parameters: thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (2.32–5.03 µg malondialdehyde g−1), total non‐protein nitrogen (3.07–5.15 g N per 100 g), free non‐protein nitrogen (1.17–2.39 g N per 100 g), biogenic amines and mineral content. The biogenic amine index varied between 0 and 976 for the different samples; only one sample could be considered as class 1 quality.CONCLUSIONThe results showed that there is a high variation in the quality of the product which could be linked to differences in the fermentation process and hygienic quality. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Tracing novel hemostatic compounds from heating products of total flavonoids in Flos Sophorae by spectrum–effect relationships and column chromatography
Authors: Chen Yeqing , Yu Hongli , Wu Hao , Pan Yaozong , Wang Kuilong , Liu Liping , Jin Yangping , Zhang Chenchao 
Published: March 2015

Flos Sophorae and its processed product have been clinically used to treat hemorrhage. In this study, the total ion chromatographic fingerprints of the heating products of total flavonoids in Flos Sophorae were established by high‐performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry and the hemostatic activities were studied by hemostatic screening tests in vivo. The spectrum–effect relationships between fingerprints and hemostatic activities were investigated using canonical correlation analysis to trace the peaks responsible for the hemostatic effects. The predicted active peaks in fingerprints were isolated by column chromatography and their structures were identified by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The hemostatic activities of them were verified by platelet aggregation and procoagulation assays in vitro. Canonical correlation analysis results showed that peak 8 and peak 11 were correlated most closely, thus probably being the main hemostatic compounds. Through column chromatography separation, peak 8 (compound I) and peak 11 (compound II) were obtained with purities of 95.61 and 93.38%, respectively, and were discovered new hemostatic compounds named as huaicarbon A (I) and huaicarbon B (II), respectively. This study provides a universal model to trace the active compounds of other herbs which have bioactivity enhancement after processing by spectrum–effect relationships and column chromatography.
Automated patient‐specific optimization of three‐dimensional double‐inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Gabr Refaat E. , Sun Xiaojun , Pednekar Amol S. , Narayana Ponnada A. 
Published: March 2015

PurposeTo automatically optimize three‐dimensional double‐inversion recovery (3D‐DIR) MRI of the brain on a patient‐by‐patient basis.MethodsDIR is a powerful MRI technique that allows simultaneous suppression of white matter (WM) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in brain imaging. Unfortunately, the tissue suppression is not always consistent across patients. We propose patient‐specific optimization of WM suppression for improved gray matter (GM)–WM contrast. Relaxation times were measured in the same scan session, and through real time processing were used for calculating DIR inversion times for maximum tissue contrast. Signal evolution during the variable‐flip‐angle turbo‐spin‐echo readout was calculated using the extended phase graph algorithm. Patient‐specific optimization was examined in five healthy volunteers and two multiple sclerosis patients. Two volunteers were scanned twice for reproducibility. The contrast ratios, GM signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), and image histogram were used to assess the performance of this patient‐specific approach.ResultsAutomated optimization of 3D‐DIR was successfully completed in all experiments with processing time of ∼1 min. GM–WM contrast ratio tripled with the optimized DIR sequence, with only a 19% decrease in GM–CSF contrast and 30% SNR penalty.ConclusionPatient‐specific optimization is feasible and significantly improves GM–WM contrast on 3D‐DIR with a moderate decrease in the GM SNR. Magn Reson Med 75:585–593, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Three‐layered radio frequency coil arrangement for sodium MRI of the human brain at 9.4 Tesla
Authors: Shajan G. , Mirkes Christian , Buckenmaier Kai , Hoffmann Jens , Pohmann Rolf , Scheffler Klaus 
Published: March 2015

PurposeA multinuclei imaging setup with the capability to acquire both sodium (23Na) and proton (1H) signals at 9.4 Tesla is presented. The main objective was to optimize coil performance at the 23Na frequency while still having the ability to acquire satisfactory 1H images.MethodsThe setup consisted of a combination of three radio frequency (RF) coils arranged in three layers: the innermost layer was a 27‐channel 23Na receive helmet which was surrounded by a four‐channel 23Na transceiver array. The outer layer consisted of a four‐channel 1H dipole array for B0 shimming and anatomical localization. Transmit and receive performance of the 23Na arrays was compared to a single‐tuned 23Na birdcage resonator.ResultsWhile the transmit efficiency of the 23Na transceiver array was comparable to the birdcage, the 23Na receive array provided substantial signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) gain near the surface and comparable SNR in the center. The utility of this customized setup was demonstrated by 23Na images of excellent quality.ConclusionHigh SNR, efficient transmit excitation and B0 shimming capability can be achieved for 23Na MRI at 9.4T using novel coil combination. This RF configuration is easily adaptable to other multinuclei applications at ultra high field (≥ 7T). Magn Reson Med 75:906–916, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Exact interpolation scheme with approximation vector used as a column of the prolongator
Authors: Kužel Roman , Vaněk Petr 
Published: March 2015

SummaryOur method is a kind of exact interpolation scheme by Achi Brandt et al. In the exact interpolation scheme, for x being the fine‐level approximation of the solution, the coarse‐space V = V(x) is constructed so that x satisfies x∈V. We achieve it simply by adding the vector x as a first column of the prolongator. (The columns of the prolongator P form a computationally relevant basis of the coarse‐space V = Range(P).) The advantages of this construction become obvious when solving non‐linear problems. The cost of enriching the coarse‐space V by the current approximation x is a single dense column of the prolongator that has to be updated each iteration. Our method can be used for multilevel acceleration of virtually any iterative method used for solving both linear and non‐linear systems. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Insight into the Interaction Between Carbopol® 940 and Ionic/Nonionic Surfactant
Authors: Milanović Maja , Krstonošić Veljko , Dokić Ljubica , Hadnađev Miroslav , Dapčević Hadnađev Tamara 
Published: March 2015

AbstractMixtures of a cross‐linked polyacrylic acid (Carbopol® 940) and two types of surfactants, namely anionic sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) and nonionic Tween® 80, were investigated by viscometry, conductometry, tensiometry, spectrophotometry, fluorimetry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The addition of nonionic surfactant decreased the reduced viscosity and the transmittance of the Carbopol® polymer aqueous solutions. Furthermore, the interaction between Carbopol® 940 and SDS was characterized by two significant concentration values: the critical aggregation concentration of SDS was particularly independent of Carbopol® polymer concentration while the polymer saturation point of both surfactants increased with the increase in polymer content. The values of critical aggregation concentration and polymer saturation point obtained using various techniques confirmed the occurrence of Carbopol® polymer–surfactant associations. The effect of different SDS and Tween® 80 concentrations on the conformation of Carbopol® 940 in aqueous solution could be explained through hydrophobic association between surfactant micelles and Carbopol® polymer tails and through hydrogen bonding in the case of Tween® 80. Additionally, the surfactant‐induced structural changes were confirmed in Carbopol® 940–SDS and Carbopol® 940–Tween® 80 aqueous solutions by SEM measurements.