bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utility of Repeated Assessment After Invalid Baseline Neurocognitive Test Performance
Authors: Schatz Philip , Kelley Timothy , Ott Summer D. , Solomon Gary S. , Elbin R. J. , Higgins Kate , Moser Rosemarie Scolaro 
Published: August 2014

Context:
Although the prevalence of invalid baseline neurocognitive testing has been documented, and repeated administration after obtaining invalid results is recommended, no empirical data are available on the utility of repeated assessment after obtaining invalid baseline results.

Objective:
To document the utility of readministering neurocognitive testing after an invalid baseline test.

Design:
Case series.

Setting:
Schools, colleges, and universities.

Patients or Other Participants:
A total of 156 athletes who obtained invalid results on ImPACT baseline neurocognitive testing and were readministered the ImPACT baseline test within a 2-week period (mean = 4 days).

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Overall prevalence of invalid results on reassessment, specific invalidity indicators at initial and follow-up baseline, dependent-samples analysis of variance, with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons.

Results
Reassessment resulted in valid test results for 87.2% of the sample. Poor performance on the Design Memory and Three-Letter subscales were the most common reasons for athletes obtaining an invalid baseline result, on both the initial assessment and the reassessment. Significant improvements were noted on all ImPACT composite scores except for Reaction Time on reassessment. Of note, 40% of athletes showed slower reaction time scores on reassessment, perhaps reflecting a more cautious approach taken the second time. Invalid results were more likely to be obtained by athletes with a self-reported history of attention-deficit disorder or learning disability on reassessments (35%) than on initial baseline assessments (10%).

Conclusions:
Repeat assessment after the initial invalid baseline performance yielded valid results in nearly 90% of cases. Invalid results on a follow-up assessment may be influenced by a history of attention-deficit disorder or learning disability, the skills and abilities of the individual, or a particular test-taking approach; in these cases, a third assessment may not be useful.
Can Reflective Writing Reconcile ACGME Core Competencies with Daily Encounters in Medical Education? A Prospective, Randomized, Cross-over Pilot Study
Authors: Johna Samir , Mittal Renu 
Published: August 2014

Introduction Residency program directors are still exploring means to teach and evaluate ACGME core competencies. Finding simple means to reconcile ACGME core competencies with daily encounters offers a unique opportunity. Reflective writing through narratives may be the answer to simple and affordable means to achieve such goals. Methods To investigate the educational value of reflective writing, we conducted a prospective, randomized, cross-over pilot study among family practice residency program residents. The intervention group was introduced to the educational intervention. During the intervention, each narrative was analyzed by the authors, sentence by sentence, helping the learners spot ACGME core competencies. A week later, both groups were given five preselected narratives (test narratives) to analyze and identify what ACGME core competencies were reflected. A week later, the control group was subjected to the same intervention to comply with the cross-over design of the study. Data were then collected and a statistical analysis was completed. Results Nine learners were randomized into the control group and ten were randomized into the intervention group. Each learner analyzed ten sentences within the five test-narratives. The mean score for each learner across the ten sentences was calculated. The grand mean score for each group was calculated. The grand mean score for the control group was 58.75 (SD 13.4). The grand mean score for the intervention group was 69.90 (SD 15.8). Our one-tailed t test analysis showed no significant difference between the two groups (t = 1.647, df = 17, p = 0.057). Conclusion Our pilot study failed to show any statically significant improvement in the learners ability to reconcile the ACGME core competencies with their daily encounters using reflective writing. We identified several possibilities for the negative outcome. Sample size seems to be a major contributor. Further prospective randomized studies using larger sample sizes would be worthwhile to answer our research question.
Predictors of the Existence of Congregational HIV Programs: Similarities and Differences Compared with other Health Programs
Authors: Williams Malcolm V. , Haas Ann , Griffin Beth Ann , Fulton Brad R. , Kanouse David E. , Bogart Laura M. , Derose Kathryn Pitkin 
Published: August 2014

Purpose. Identify and compare predictors of the existence of congregational human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other health programs. Design. Cross-sectional study. Setting. United States. Subjects. A nationally representative sample of 1506 U.S. congregations surveyed in the National Congregations Study (2006–2007). Measures. Key informants at each congregation completed in-person and telephone interviews on congregational HIV and other health programs and various congregation characteristics (response rate = 78%). County-level HIV prevalence and population health data from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's 2007 County Health Rankings were linked to the congregational data. Analysis. Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess factors that predict congregational health programs relative to no health programs; and of HIV programs relative to other health activities. Results. Most congregations (57.5%) had at least one health-related program; many fewer (5.7%) had an HIV program. Predictors of health vs. HIV programs differed. The number of adults in the congregation was a key predictor of health programs, while having an official statement welcoming gay persons was a significant predictor of HIV programs (p < .05). Other significant characteristics varied by size of congregation and type of program (HIV vs. other health). Conclusion. Organizations interested in partnering with congregations to promote health or prevent HIV should consider congregational size as well as other factors that predict involvement. Results of this study can inform policy interventions to increase the capacity of religious congregations to address HIV and health.
A Physical-Cognitive Intervention to Enhance Gait Speed in Older Mexican Adults
Authors: Salazar-González Bertha Cecilia , Cruz-Quevedo Juana Edith , Gallegos-Cabriales Esther C. , Villarreal-Reyna Maria de los Angeles , Ceballos-Gurrola Oswaldo , Hernández-Cortés Perla Lizeth , Garza-Elizondo Maria Eugenia , Gómez-Meza Marco Vinicio , Enriquez-Reyna María Cristina 
Published: August 2014

Purpose. To test the effects of a physical-cognitive exercise intervention on gait parameters under dual-task conditions in community-dwelling older adults. Design. A repeated-measures quasi-experimental design, with control and exercise groups, was used. Setting. Study participants consist of a convenience sample recruited from senior citizens' centers in Monterrey, Mexico. Subjects. A total of 143 sedentary participants ages 65 to 92 years per group participated. Intervention. A combined 45- to 60-minute program of physical and cognitive exercises was conducted in three weekly sessions during 12 weeks for the exercise group. Measures. The spatial gait parameters of speed (cm/s), step width, and stride length (cm); and the temporal parameters of single and double support time, cadence (steps per minute), and swing time(s) were measured using the GaitRite. Counting backwards or naming animals represented cognitive performance. Analysis. Two (groups: exercise group vs. control group) by three (time: baseline, week 6, and week 12) repeated-measures multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was applied. Results. Repeated-measures multivariate analysis of variance revealed a significant group effect (Wilks lambda F4,279 = 6.78, p < .001); univariate analysis showed significant differences for gait speed (m/s), stride length, cadence, step width, and double support time. Time-by-group interaction showed significance in gait speed and stride length. Conclusion. The exercise group participants showed increased gait speed, cadence, and stride length, and reduced their step width and time spent with both feet on the ground. Walking while simultaneously performing a cognitive task might prepare older adults for competing/interfering demands from their environments. The protective health benefits of this intervention remain to be investigated.
Living with a Smoker and Physical Inactivity: An Unexplored Health Behavior Pathway
Authors: Holahan Carole K. , Holahan Charles J. , Li Xiaoyin 
Published: August 2014

Purpose. The present study investigated an unexplored health behavior pathway: the association between living with a smoker and physical inactivity. Design. The study performed an analysis of cross-sectional data from the second wave of the Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (2004–2006). Subjects. The sample included 1050 women and 945 men, ages 30 to 84 years (mean, 56.5 years). Measures. In addition to control variables, survey items indexed presence of a smoker in the respondent's home, and physical inactivity and low health commitment on the part of the respondent. Analysis. Analysis employed multiple logistic regression analyses, controlling for sociodemographic factors as well as health restrictions on physical activity and respondents current smoking status. Results. Living with a smoker was linked to 56% higher odds of physical inactivity. Low health commitment mediated this association. Living with a smoker was linked to lower health commitment (B = .31), and low health commitment was linked in turn to increased odds of physical inactivity (odds ratio, 1.36). Conclusions. The increased health risk among individuals living with a smoker is assumed to be a function of exposure to secondhand smoke. We demonstrate an unexplored behavioral pathway involving a link between living with a smoker and physical inactivity. These findings suggest that household smoking bans may have broad health behavior effects beyond reducing smoking.
Perspectives on Workplace Health Promotion among Employees in Low-Wage Industries
Authors: Hammerback Kristen , Hannon Peggy A. , Harris Jeffrey R. , Clegg-Thorp Catherine , Kohn Marlana , Parrish Amanda 
Published: August 2014

Purpose. Study goals were to (1) understand the attitudes of employees in low-wage industries toward workplace health promotion, including views on appropriateness of employer involvement in employee health and level of interest in workplace health promotion overall and in specific programs, and (2) determine the potential for extending workplace health promotion to spouses and partners of these employees. Approach. The study used 42 interviews of 60 to 90 minutes. Setting. Interviews were conducted with couples (married or living together) in the Seattle/King County metropolitan area of Washington State. Participants. Study participants were forty-two couples with one or more members working in one of five low-wage industries: accommodation/food services, education, health care/social assistance, manufacturing, and retail trade. Method. The study employed qualitative analysis of interview transcripts using grounded theory to identify themes. Results. Employees consider workplace health promotion both appropriate and desirable and believe it benefits employers through increased productivity and morale. Most have little personal experience with it and doubt their employers would prioritize employee health. Employees are most interested in efforts focused on nutrition and physical activity. Both employees and their partners support extending workplace health promotion to include partners. Conclusion. Employees and their partners are interested in workplace health promotion if it addresses behaviors they care about. Concern over employer involvement in their personal health decisions is minimal; instead, employees view employer interest in their health as a sign that they are valued.
Development and Validation of the Cognitive Behavioral Physical Activity Questionnaire
Authors: Schembre Susan M. , Durand Casey P. , Blissmer Bryan J. , Greene Geoffrey W. 
Published: August 2014

Purpose. Develop and demonstrate preliminary validation of a brief questionnaire aimed at assessing social cognitive determinants of physical activity (PA) in a college population. Design. Quantitative and observational. Setting. A midsized northeastern university. Subjects. Convenience sample of 827 male and female college students age 18 to 24 years. Measures. International Physical Activity Questionnaire and a PA stage-of-change algorithm. Analysis. A sequential process of survey development, including item generation and data reduction analyses by factor analysis, was followed with the goal of creating a parsimonious questionnaire. Structural equation modeling was used for confirmatory factor analysis and construct validation was confirmed against self-reported PA and stage of change. Validation analyses were replicated in a second, independent sample of 1032 college students. Results. Fifteen items reflecting PA self-regulation, outcome expectations, and personal barriers explained 65% of the questionnaire data and explained 28.6% and 39.5% of the variance in total PA and moderate-to-vigorous–intensity PA, respectively. Scale scores were distinguishable across the stages of change. Findings were similar when the Cognitive Behavioral Physical Activity Questionnaire (CBPAQ) was tested in a similar and independent sample of college students (40%; R2 moderate-to-vigorous–intensity PA = .40; p < .001). Conclusion. The CBPAQ successfully explains and predicts PA behavior in a college population, warranting its incorporation into future studies aiming at understanding and improving on PA behavior in college students.
Community-Based Mindfulness Program for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion: Targeting Stress Reduction
Authors: Galla Brian M. , O'Reilly Gillian A. , Kitil M. Jennifer , Smalley Susan L. , Black David S. 
Published: August 2014

Purpose. Poorly managed stress leads to detrimental physical and psychological consequences that have implications for individual and community health. Evidence indicates that U.S. adults predominantly use unhealthy strategies for stress management. This study examines the impact of a community-based mindfulness training program on stress reduction. Design. This study used a one-group pretest-posttest design. Setting. The study took place at the UCLA Mindful Awareness Research Center in urban Los Angeles. Subjects. A sample of N = 127 community residents (84% Caucasian, 74% female) were included in the study. Intervention. Participants received mindfulness training through the Mindful Awareness Practices (MAPs) for Daily Living I. Measures. Mindfulness, self-compassion, and perceived stress were measured at baseline and postintervention. Analysis. Paired-sample t-tests were used to test for changes in outcome measures from baseline to postintervention. Hierarchical regression analysis was fit to examine whether change in self-reported mindfulness and self-compassion predicted postintervention perceived stress scores. Results. There were statistically significant improvements in self-reported mindfulness (t = −10.67, p < .001, d = .90), self-compassion (t = −8.50, p < .001, d = .62), and perceived stress (t = 9.28, p < .001, d = –.78) at postintervention. Change in self-compassion predicted postintervention perceived stress (β = –.44, t = −5.06, p < .001), but change in mindfulness did not predict postintervention perceived stress (β = –.04, t = –.41, p = .68). Conclusion. These results indicate that a community-based mindfulness training program can lead to reduced levels of psychological stress. Mindfulness training programs such as MAPs may offer a promising approach for general public health promotion through improving stress management in the urban community.
Moving the Barricades to Physical Activity: A Qualitative Analysis of Open Streets Initiatives across the United States
Authors: Eyler Amy A. , Hipp J. Aaron , Lokuta Julie 
Published: August 2014

Purpose. Ciclovía, or Open Streets initiatives, are events where streets are opened for physical activity and closed to motorized traffic. Although the initiatives are gaining popularity in the United States, little is known about planning and implementing them. The goals of this paper are to explore the development and implementation of Open Streets initiatives and make recommendations for increasing the capacity of organizers to enhance initiative success. Approach. Phenomenology with qualitative analysis of structured interviews was used. Setting. Study setting was urban and suburban communities in the United States. Participants. Study participants were organizers of Open Streets initiatives in U.S. cities. Method. Using a list of 47 events held in 2011, 27 lead organizers were interviewed by telephone about planning, implementation, and lessons learned. The interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed. A phenomenologic approach was used, an initial coding tool was developed after reviewing a sample of transcripts, and constant comparative coding methodology was applied. Themes and subthemes were generated from codes. Results. The most common reasons for initiation were to highlight or improve health and transportation. Most initiatives aimed to reach the general population, but some targeted families, children, or specific neighborhoods. Getting people to understand the concept of Open Streets was an important challenge. Other challenges included lack of funding and personnel, and complex logistics. Conclusion. These initiatives democratize public space for citizens while promoting physical activity, social connectedness, and other broad agendas. There are opportunities for the research community to contribute to the expanse and sustainability of Open Streets, particularly in evaluation and dissemination.
The Role of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors in Explaining the Association between Acculturation and Obesity among Mexican-American Adults
Authors: Murillo Rosenda , Albrecht Sandra S. , Daviglus Martha L. , Kershaw Kiarri N. 
Published: August 2014

Purpose. We investigated associations of acculturation with various types of activity (moderate-vigorous leisure-time physical activity [LTPA], moderate-vigorous work- and transportation-related physical activity, and sedentary activity), and whether these activities mediated the acculturation-obesity association among Mexican-Americans. Design. Cross-sectional. Setting. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2010. Subjects. Mexican-American NHANES participants aged ≥ 20 years (n = 1902). Measures. Demographic characteristics, physical activity, sedentary behavior, acculturation, and body mass index. Analysis. Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate associations of acculturation with categories of self-reported activity. Path analysis was used to test whether the activity measures mediated acculturation-obesity associations. Results. In adjusted models, compared to U.S.-born Mexican-Americans, foreign-born Mexican-Americans living in the United States for less than 10 years were significantly less likely to be in the highest LTPA and sedentary activity categories, and more likely to be in the highest total and transportation activity categories. Foreign-born Mexican-Americans living in the United States for 10 years or more were significantly less likely to engage in high sedentary activity but more likely to engage in high transportation activity. Sedentary behavior was the strongest mediator of the acculturation-obesity association, accounting for 40.7% and 57.1% of the total effect of acculturation on obesity among foreign-born Mexican-Americans living in the United States for less than 10 years and for 10 years or more, respectively, compared to U.S.-born Mexican-Americans. Conclusion. Reducing sedentary behavior may lower the negative impact of acculturation on obesity.
Optimization of Decision Support Tool using Medication Regimens to Assess Rehospitalization Risks
Authors: Dierich M. , Adam T. , Westra B.L , Olson C.H. 
Published: August 2014

Summary
Background: Unnecessary hospital readmissions are costly for the U.S. health care system. An automated algorithm was developed to target this problem and proven to predict elderly patients at greater risk of rehospitalization based on their medication regimens.
Objective: Improve the algorithm for predicting elderly patients’ risks for readmission by optimizing the sensitivity of its medication criteria.
Methods: Outcome and Assessment Information Set (OASIS) and medication data were reused from a study that defined and tested an algorithm for assessing rehospitalization risks of 911 patients from 15 Medicare-certified home health care agencies. Odds Ratio analyses, literature reviews and clinical judgments were used to adjust the scoring of patients’ High Risk Medication Regimens (HRMRs). Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis evaluated whether these adjustments improved the predictive strength of the algorithm’s components.
Results: HRMR scores are composed of polypharmacy (number of drugs), potentially inappropriate medications (PIM) (drugs risky to the elderly), and Medication Regimen Complexity Index (MRCI) (complex dose forms, dose frequency, instructions or administration). Strongest ROC results for the HRMR components were Areas Under the Curve (AUC) of .68 for polypharmacy when excluding supplements; and .60 for PIM and .69 for MRCI using the original HRMR criteria. The “cut point” identifying MRCI scores as indicative of medication-related readmission risk was increased from 20 to 33.
Conclusion: The automated algorithm can predict elderly patients at risk of hospital readmissions and its underlying criteria is improved by a modification to its polypharmacy definition and MRCI cut point.
Citation: Olson CH, Dierich M, Adam T, Westra BL. Optimization of decision support tool using medication regimens to assess rehospitalization risks. Appl Clin Inf 2014; 5: 773–788http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2014-04-RA-0040
FERTILIZACIÓN CON BORO EN PLANTACIONES DE Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake en TABASCO
Authors: Rodríguez-Juárez Mitzy I. , Velázquez-Martínez Alejandro , Gómez-Guerrero Armando , Aldrete Arnulfo , Domínguez-Domínguez Marivel 
Published: August 2014

El presente trabajo se realizó en plantaciones comerciales de Eucalyptus urophylla de la empresa Forestaciones Operativas de México, S. A. de C. V. (FOMEX) en Huimanguillo, Tabasco, México, con la finalidad de conocer el efecto de la adición de boro (B) sobre el crecimiento de dicha especie. Se dio seguimiento a 199 árboles de E. urophylla que recibieron diferentes dosis de B (0, 6 y 12 g·árbol-1) durante el establecimiento. El diámetro y la altura de los árboles se midieron a las edades de 1.5, 4.5 y 11 años. Se realizó un muestreo destructivo separando fuste, ramas, ramillas + hojas, para la cuantificación de biomasa y su distribución. El contenido total de nutrimentos en el follaje se evaluó y la respuesta a la aplicación de B se midió a través de un diagnóstico gráfico de vectores. Los resultados mostraron que el B favoreció el crecimiento en altura y volumen, pero este efecto no se observó en la acumulación de biomasa aérea. El análisis de vectores mostró incremento en el contenido de P, K y Ca en el follaje cuando el B se aplicó en dosis de 6 g·árbol-1. En dosis mayores (12 g·árbol-1), la biomasa foliar se redujo presentando contenidos netos y concentraciones similares en las hojas más pequeñas.