bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constructing “The Same Rights with the Same Names”: The Impact of Spanish Norm Diffusion on Marriage Equality in Argentina
Authors: Friedman Elisabeth Jay 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis article argues that Spain has been the driving external force in the advancement of LGBT rights in Latin America, from marriage in Argentina to the regional recognition of “sexual diversity rights” as human rights. Acting as “norm entrepreneurs,” Spanish activists and organizations, relying on development aid, have promoted their perspectives through two approaches: strategic consulting and resource transfer. Their diffusion is illustrated primarily by the Argentine case. There, activists underwritten by Spanish resources have borrowed Spanish strategies to achieve “the same rights with the same names.” Besides broadening our understanding of the struggle for LGBT equality in Latin America, this article deepens the explanation of norm diffusion, focusing on emergence. In this stage, specific individuals and organizations deliberately select appropriate “targets” for and moments of intervention. But norm “receptors” must also be ready for action.
Ferroelectric Photocurrent Effect in Polycrystalline Lead‐Free (K0.5Na0.5)(Mn0.005Nb0.995)O3 Thin Film
Authors: Park Jungmin , Won Sung Sik , Ahn Chang Won , Kim Ill Won 
Published: September 2012

We deposited (K0.5Na0.5)(Mn0.005Nb0.995)O3 (KNMN) thin films on Pt(111)/TiO2/SiO2/Si(100) substrates with a top electrode of indium tin oxide and investigated photocurrent properties in the wavelength range of 300−400 nm. Before the photocurrent measurement, the KNMN film was poled by applying a DC voltage. The photocurrents strongly depend on the wavelength of the incident photon energy. The photocurrents of the first measurement with poling in the up (−5 V) and down (+5 V) states were 21 and 3.2 nA/cm2, respectively, at 344 nm. The difference in the photocurrents in both poling directions was explained by a space charge due to an asymmetric Schottky barrier height, which was caused by an internal electric field and polarization in the KNMN thin film.
Double Personality: The Relationship between Human and Animal Tono in Chautengo, Guerrero, Mexico in 2005
Authors: Phillips Wendy E. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAfter reading the research of Mexican anthropologists concerning the possible retention of traditional indigenous African beliefs in contemporary Mexican communities of African descent, I interviewed women of the region who migrated to Atlanta, Georgia about their spiritual beliefs and practices. I was surprised by the similarities in their reports to those recorded by Gonzalo Aguirre Beltran, who worked in Mexico over 60 years ago. I traveled to the town of Chautengo in coastal Guerrero state in 2005 to talk with women about their beliefs, especially those that relate to the existence of a relationship between humans and animal‐tonos. The human–animal‐tono relationship exemplifies a belief in an intimate relationship between humans and totem animals. The well‐being of the human partner depends upon the well‐being of the animal. Keeping the human–animal relationship balanced is key in the conceptualization of illness and informs related healing practices. I present an interview with a woman from Chautengo with an interpretation that exemplifies the persistence of ideas related to human–animal relationships that are possibly informed by traditional indigenous African cosmologies, brought by enslaved Africans over 500 years ago, and have been archetypally preserved in isolated communities along the Pacific coast of Mexico.
Presence of arginine catabolic mobile element among community‐acquired meticillin‐resistant staphylococcus aureus is linked to a specific genetic background
Authors: Hedlund Linda , Hellmark Bengt , Söderquist Bo 
Published: September 2012

The prevalence of arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME) among diverse and heterogeneous community‐associated methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus community‐associated Methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (CA‐MRSA) (n = 114) in a low‐endemic area, i.e. Sweden, was investigated. Among the CA‐MRSA, represented by 47 different spa types, ACME was only found in 10 isolates with a common genetic background [t008, SCCmec type IV, Panton‐Valentine leukocidin (PVL) positive, and indistinguishable or closely related pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE)‐patterns] corresponding to USA300. This strain does not seem to be established in our area as most of the patients contracted the CA‐MRSA abroad. Presence of ACME does not seem to be associated with colonization, long‐term carriership, or intra‐familiar transmission in a higher extent than CA‐MRSA in general.
Influence of the quantity of sunscreen applied on the ability to protect against ultraviolet‐induced polymorphous light eruption
Authors: Bissonnette Robert , Nigen Simon , Bolduc Chantal 
Published: September 2012

SummaryBackground/PurposeDespite the fact that most people apply less sunscreen than the 2 mg/cm2 required to measure sun protection factor (SPF), there is a lack of clinical data on the protection afforded from lower applied quantities. The aim of this study was to compare the ability of sunscreens to protect against UV‐induced polymorphous light eruption (PLE) when applied at 2 mg/cm2 and 1 mg/cm2.MethodsTwo SPF 45 sunscreens (one with a high level and one with a low level of UVA protection) were applied at 2 mg/cm2 and 1 mg/cm2 to four randomized 6 × 6 cm areas on the upper thorax of 15 female patients with a typical history of PLE. The areas were exposed daily to increasing UVA–UVB radiation until a PLE reaction was detected or a maximum of five consecutive days.ResultsThe proportion of patients who developed a PLE reaction with the high UVA‐protection sunscreen was significantly lower (0%) than with the low UVA‐protection sunscreen (73%) when both sunscreens were applied at 2 mg/cm2 (P = 0.004). At 1 mg/cm2, 33% and 80% of patients presented a PLE reaction with the high and low UVA‐protection sunscreen, respectively (P = 0.064).ConclusionA high SPF and high UVA‐protection broad spectrum sunscreen was able to protect the majority of patients from the development of UV‐induced PLE reaction even at 1 mg/cm2.
Long‐term follow‐up and survival of cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma patients treated with extracorporeal photopheresis
Authors: Knobler Robert , Duvic Madeleine , Querfeld Christiane , Straus David , Horwitz Steven , Zain Jasmine , Foss Francine , Kuzel Timothy , Campbell Kim , Geskin Larisa 
Published: September 2012

SummaryPurposeExtracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) is effective for treating cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma. In 1987, a pivotal trial showed 81% overall response rate (ORR) using outdated criteria. No long‐term follow‐up was available for assessing survival. This study applies modern criteria to the 1987 trial to assess the impact of ECP on skin responses and also updates overall survival of the cohort.MethodsGeneralized erythroderma (GE, stage T4, n = 31) or extensive patch‐plaque (EPP, stage T2, n = 8) patients received ECP (mean 3.9 years’ duration). Patients achieving ≥ 50% partial skin response, ≥ 90% near‐complete skin response, treatments required, and duration of response (DOR) were determined. Overall survival (OS) from diagnosis and first ECP treatment was determined for all patients and the GE cohort.ResultsPatients showed 74% skin ORR using modern criteria; 33% of patients achieved ≥ 50% partial skin response (after median 7.1 months, mean 23 ECP treatments); 41% achieved ≥ 90% improvement (after median 19.6 months, mean 40 ECP treatments). Mean DOR was 14 months for ≥ 50% improvement and 8.9 months for ≥ 90% improvement. Response rates were comparable for GE and EPP cohorts. Median OS was 9.2 years from diagnosis and 6.6 years from ECP initiation (71.6 months follow‐up).ConclusionAnalysis of long‐term follow‐up confirmed durable responses and prolonged survival of patients treated with ECP.
High‐resolution imaging of basal cell carcinoma: a comparison between multiphoton microscopy with fluorescence lifetime imaging and reflectance confocal microscopy
Authors: Manfredini Marco , Arginelli Federica , Dunsby Christopher , French Paul , Talbot Clifford , König Karsten , Pellacani Giovanni , Ponti Giovanni , Seidenari Stefania 
Published: September 2012

AimsThe aim of this study was to compare morphological aspects of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) as assessed by two different imaging methods: in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) and multiphoton tomography with fluorescence lifetime imaging implementation (MPT‐FLIM).MethodsThe study comprised 16 BCCs for which a complete set of RCM and MPT‐FLIM images were available. The presence of seven MPT‐FLIM descriptors was evaluated. The presence of seven RCM equivalent parameters was scored in accordance to their extension. Chi‐squared test with Fisher's exact test and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient were determined between MPT‐FLIM scores and adjusted‐RCM scores.ResultsMPT‐FLIM and RCM descriptors of BCC were coupled to match the descriptors that define the same pathological structures. The comparison included: Streaming and Aligned elongated cells, Streaming with multiple directions and Double alignment, Palisading (RCM) and Palisading (MPT‐FLIM), Typical tumor islands, and Cell islands surrounded by fibers, Dark silhouettes and Phantom islands, Plump bright cells and Melanophages, Vessels (RCM), and Vessels (MPT‐FLIM). The parameters that were significantly correlated were Melanophages/Plump Bright Cells, Aligned elongated cells/Streaming, Double alignment/Streaming with multiple directions, and Palisading (MPT‐FLIM)/Palisading (RCM).ConclusionAccording to our data, both methods are suitable to image BCC's features. The concordance between MPT‐FLIM and RCM is high, with some limitations due to the technical differences between the two devices. The hardest difficulty when comparing the images generated by the two imaging modalities is represented by their different field of view.
Biological evaluation of the bone healing process after application of two potentially osteogenic proteins: an animal experimental model
Authors: Issa João P. M. , Defino Helton L. A. , Sebald Walter , Coutinho‐Netto Joaquim , Iyomasa Mamie M. , Shimano Antonio C. , Bentley Maria V. L. B. , Pitol Dimitrius L. 
Published: September 2012

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2011.00526.x   Biological evaluation of the bone healing process after application of two potentially osteogenic proteins: an animal experimental modelObjective:  The aim of this work was to analyse qualitatively and quantitatively the newly formed bone after insertion of rhBMP‐2 and protein extracted from Hevea brasiliensis (P‐1), associated or not with a carrier in critical bone defects created in Wistar rat calvarial bone, using histological and histomorphometrical analyses.Materials and methods:  Eighty‐four male Wistar rats were used, divided into two groups, according to the period of time until the sacrifice (2 and 6 weeks). Each one of these groups was subdivided into six groups with seven animals each, according to the treatments: (1) 5 μg of pure rhBMP‐2, (2) 5 μg of rhBMP‐2/monoolein gel, (3) pure monoolein gel, (4) 5 μg of pure P‐1, (5) 5 μg of P‐1/monoolein gel and (6) critical bone defect controls. The animals were euthanised and the calvarial bone tissue removed for histological and histomorphometrical analyses.Result and conclusion:  The results showed an improvement in the bone healing process using the rhBMP‐2 protein, associated or not with a material carrier in relation to the other groups, and this process demonstrated to be time dependent.
Female Sexual Arousal Disorders
Authors: Giraldi Annamaria , Rellini Alessandra H. , Pfaus James , Laan Ellen 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Definitions and terminology for female sexual arousal disorder (FSAD) are currently being debated. While some authors have suggested that FSAD is more a subjective response rather than a genital response, others have suggested that desire and arousal disorders should be combined in one entity. Persistent genital arousal disorder (PGAD) is a new entity which is suggested to be defined as Restless Genital Syndrome.

Aims
The aims of this brief review are to give definitions of the different types of FSAD, describe their aetiology, prevalence and comorbidity with somatic and psychological disorders, as well as to discuss different medical and psychological assessment and treatment modalities.

Methods
The experts of the International Society for Sexual Medicine's Standard Committee convened to provide a survey using relevant databases, journal articles, and own clinical experience.

Results
Female Arousal Disorders have been defined in several ways with focus on the genital or subjective response or a combination of both. The prevalence varies and increases with increasing age, especially at the time of menopause, while distress decreases with age. Arousal disorders are often comorbid with other sexual problems and are of biopsychosocial etiology. In the assessment, a thorough sexological history as well as medical and gynecological history and examination are recommended. Treatment should be based on of the symptoms, clinical findings and, if possibly, on underlying etiology.

Conclusion
Recommendations are given for assessment and treatment of FSAD and PGAD.
Separate or Combined Treatments with Daily Sildenafil, Molsidomine, or Muscle-Derived Stem Cells Prevent Erectile Dysfunction in a Rat Model of Cavernosal Nerve Damage
Authors: Kovanecz Istvan , Rivera Steve , Nolazco Gaby , Vernet Dolores , Segura Denesse , Gharib Sahir , Rajfer Jacob , Gonzalez-Cadavid Nestor F. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Long-term daily administration of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors in the rat prevents or reverses corporal veno-occlusive dysfunction (CVOD) and smooth muscle cell (CSMC) loss and fibrosis, in both aging and bilateral cavernosal nerve resection (BCNR) models for erectile dysfunction. In the aging rat model, corporal implantation of skeletal muscle-derived stem cells (MDSC) reverses CVOD. Nitric oxide (NO) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate can modulate stem cell lineage.

Aim
To investigate in the BCNR model the effects of sildenafil at lower doses, alone or in combination with MDSC or the NO donor molsidomine, on CVOD and the underlying corporal histopathology.

Main Outcomes Measures
CVOD, histological, and biochemical markers in rat corporal tissue.

Methods
Rats subjected to BCNR were maintained for 45 days either untreated, or received sildenafil in the water or retrolingually at 10, 2.5, and 1.25 mg/kg/day (medium, low, and very low doses), or intraperitoneal molsidomine, or MDSC implantation into the corpora cavernosa separately or in combination. Cavernosometry evaluated CVOD. Histopathology was assessed on penile sections by Masson trichrome, immunohistochemistry for α-smooth muscle actin (ASMA), or immunofluorescence for neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)/neurofilament 70, and in fresh tissue by Western blot for various markers and picrosirius red for collagen.

Results
All treatments normalized erectile function (drop rate), and most increased the CSMC/collagen ratio and ASMA expression in corporal tissue sections, and reduced collagen content in the penile shaft. MDSC also increased nNOS and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. The combination treatment was not superior to MDSC or sildenafil given alone, and upregulated PDE5.
Conclusions. Lowering the dose of a continuous long-term sildenafil administration still maintained the prevention of CVOD in the BCNR rat previously observed, but it was less effective on the underlying histopathology. As in the aging rat model, MDSC also counteracted CVOD, but supplementation with very low-dose sildenafil did not improve the outcome.
A Systematic Review of the Utility of Antidepressant Pharmacotherapy in the Treatment of Vulvodynia Pain
Authors: Leo Raphael J. , Dewani Seema 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Antidepressants have often been recommended as a potential treatment for the management of vulvodynia. However, review of the evidence supporting this recommendation has not been systematically assessed.

Aim
To evaluate the efficacy of antidepressant pharmacotherapy in the treatment of vulvodynia.

Main Outcome Measures
An assessment of the methodological quality of published reports addressing the utility of antidepressants in the treatment of vulvodynia was undertaken. Several secondary outcomes generated in the existing literature were also examined.

Methods
A comprehensive search of the available literature was conducted.

Results
The search yielded 13 published reports, i.e., 2 randomized controlled trials, 1 quasi-experimental trial, 7 non-experimental studies, and 3 case reports. A number of methodological shortcomings were identified in several of the reports with respect to study design including lack of clear inclusion/exclusion criteria, small sample sizes, lack of comparison groups, insufficient blinding, among others. The vast majority of studies utilized tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs). Evidence supporting the benefits of TCAs studied to date was limited, i.e., based largely upon descriptive reports but unsubstantiated by randomized controlled trials. There were no systematic investigations into the comparative efficacy of different antidepressant classes in the treatment of vulvodynia.

Conclusion
There is insufficient evidence to support the recommendation of antidepressant pharmacotherapy in the treatment of vulvodynia. Although some vulvodynia-afflicted patients derive symptom relief from antidepressants, additional research is required to identify those characteristics that would predict those patients for whom antidepressants are more likely to be effective.
Serum Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor‐κ B Ligand, Osteoprotegrin, and Intact Parathyroid Hormone in Hemodialysis and Renal Transplant Patients
Authors: Rashtchizadeh Nadereh , Ghorbanihaghjo Amir , Argani Hassan , Mahmoudi Meimand Saeed , Safa Javid , Vatankhahan Hamidreza , Shahidi Maryam 
Published: September 2012

AbstractSerum receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κ B ligand and osteoprotegrin are mediated to vascular calcification in the general population. Our knowledge is very sparse in hemodialysis and renal transplant patients. Receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κ B ligand, osteoprotegrin, intact parathyroid hormone, calcium, and phosphorus were measured in blood samples of 45 hemodialysis and 45 age‐matched renal transplant patients. Osteoprotegrin (P = 0.001) and intact parathyroid hormone (P = 0.001) levels in the hemodialysis patients were higher than the renal transplant recipients. Osteoprotegrin had positive correlation with duration of dialysis and age in the hemodialysis (r = 0.88, P = 0.001 and r = 0.34, P = 0.02, respectively) and renal transplant patients (r = 0.92, P = 0.001 and r = 0.46, P = 0.001, respectively). Hemodialysis patients have higher osteoprotegrin levels than the renal transplant recipients. It may act as a protective factor for renal osteodystrophy or only as a secondary phenomenon of advanced renal failure.
Diel changes in the movement patterns of Ganges River dolphins monitored using stationed stereo acoustic data loggers
Authors: Sasaki‐Yamamoto Yukiko , Akamatsu Tomonari , Ura Tamaki , Sugimatsu Harumi , Kojima Junichi , Bahl Rajendar , Behera Sandeep , Kohshima Shiro 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe monitored the underwater movements of Ganges River dolphins using stationed stereo acoustic data loggers. We estimated these movements using changes in the relative angle of the sound source direction (trajectory). Of the total acoustic recordings (66 h), 26.2% contained trajectories of dolphins, and 78.6% of these trajectories involved single animals, suggesting that dolphins tended to swim alone and were localized near the monitoring station. The observed trajectories were categorized as follows: staying type characterized by small changes in the sound source direction, moving type A (moving in the same direction), and moving type B (moving up and down the stream during recording). The average interpulse intervals of sounds in moving types A and B were significantly shorter than that of the staying type, suggesting that dolphins produce the former types of trajectories to echolocate across shorter distances during movement. The frequency of occurrence of moving type A increased during the night, whereas that of type B increased in the late afternoon and that of the staying type increased during the daytime. These results indicate that dolphins moving at night tended to use short‐range echolocation, whereas during the day, they remained in relatively small areas and used long‐range sonar.
C‐reactive protein in blood plasma and serum samples of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina)
Authors: Kakuschke A. , Pröfrock D. , Prange A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractC‐reactive protein (CRP) belongs to the acute phase proteins. Increased levels are present in inflammatory conditions, trauma, or intoxications. In veterinary medicine CRP is used as powerful diagnostic parameter in health studies, whereas little is known about the role of CRP in Pinnipedia. Therefore, samples were collected from 131 harbor seals from the North Sea between November 2002 and November 2007. CRP blood values were measured and the physiological range was calculated. Furthermore, the influence of age and sex of the animal, geographical location and season was investigated. The CRP concentrations in plasma/serum showed a median of 33 μg/mL, a 5th percentile of 18 μg/mL, and a 95th percentile of 80 μg/mL. No significant influences of sex, season, or geographical location on CRP concentration were detected. Juveniles showed significantly higher CRP levels than adult animals, whereas CRP values in newborns appear to be lower than in juveniles and adults. Our report describes for the first time CRP plasma/serum concentrations in a large group of harbor seals. It suggests that CRP is useful to detect inflammatory conditions and may help to improve health studies of this species.
Characterization and Diagnosis of Cancer by Native Fluorescence Spectroscopy of Human Urine
Authors: Rajasekaran Ramu , Aruna Prakash Rao , Koteeswaran Dornadula , Padmanabhan Loganathan , Muthuvelu Kulandaivel , Rai Ram Rathan , Thamilkumar Palraj , Murali Krishna Chilakapati , Ganesan Singaravelu 
Published: September 2012

AbstractUrine is one of the diagnostically important bio fluids, as it has different metabolites in it, where many of them are native fluorophores. Native fluorescence characteristics of human urine samples were studied using excitation–emission matrices (EEMs) over a range of excitation and emission wavelengths, and emission spectra at 405 nm excitation, to discriminate patients with cancer from the normal subjects. The fluorescence spectra of urine samples of cancer patients exhibit considerable spectral differences in both EEMs and emission spectra with respect to normal subjects. Different ratios were calculated using the fluorescence intensity values of the emission spectra and they were used as input variables for a multiple linear discriminant analysis across different groups. The discriminant analysis classifies 94.7% of the original grouped cases and 94.1% of the cross‐validated grouped cases correctly. Based on the fluorescence emission characteristics of urine and statistical analysis, it may be concluded that the fluorophores nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and flavins may be considered as metabolomic markers of cancer.