bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measures of participation outcomes related to hand use for 2‐ to 12‐year‐old children with disabilities: a systematic review
Authors: Chien C‐W. , Rodger S. , Copley J. , McLaren C. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractMany interventions have been used to improve children's hand‐related impairments or hand skill performance in functional activities so as to promote life participation. There is thus a need to have suitable instruments assessing children's participation in life situations that specifically require hand use in order to support and evaluate such interventions. This systematic review investigated the availability of potential instruments that can be used to assess children's participation specifically in life situations requiring hand use. Clinical utility and evidence for psychometric properties were also sourced. Database searches initially identified measures that were used to evaluate participation of children aged 2–12 years, involved self‐ or proxy report or interview administration and had generic application for a range of disabilities/diagnoses. These measures were further evaluated to determine if they fulfilled the above inclusion criteria and contained at least 60% of the items involving hand use. Further searches for psychometric evidence were undertaken for the eligible measures. Fourteen measures were identified and nine met the inclusion criteria. However, none of these measures, except for the Children Helping Out: Responsibilities, Expectations, and Supports (CHORES), contained all items related to hand use. Most of the included measures had limited psychometric properties. Only the Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment/Preferences for Activities of Children (CAPE/PAC), the School Function Assessment‐Participation section (SFA‐P) and the Children Participation Questionnaire (CPQ) revealed sufficient evidence of validity and reliability. The findings suggest a need for adapting existing participation measures or developing new ones that specifically assess participation in life situations requiring hand use to support interventions.
How does psychoeducation help? A review of the effects of providing information about Tourette syndrome and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Nussey C. , Pistrang N. , Murphy T. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractTourette syndrome (TS) and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are common neurodevelopmental disorders that often co‐occur. They are both stigmatized and misunderstood conditions. This review critically appraises studies examining interventions using psychoeducational approaches in TS and ADHD. Studies examining the impact of providing educational information (or diagnostic label) about TS and ADHD to parents, teachers and peers (child and adult) were identified by searching relevant electronic databases, reference lists and citations, and consulting colleagues. Twenty‐two studies were identified, 20 of which involved teachers or peers. The studies indicate that providing educational information increases knowledge, positive attitudes and behaviours towards individuals with TS and ADHD. Provision of a diagnostic label alone appears insufficient. Parental education may improve treatment enrolment and adherence. While the findings are encouraging, there are a number of gaps in the literature. These include the effects of giving information to parents, whether changes are maintained over time, or are generalizable to the population. Studies are needed to investigate the optimal way to present educational information in everyday contexts in order to improve the lives of those with TS and ADHD.
Elevated serum thioredoxin‐interacting protein in women with polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with insulin resistance
Authors: Wu Jinlin , Wu Yijia , Zhang Xuecui , Li Shu , Lu Di , Li Shengbing , Yang Gangyi , Liu Dongfang 
Published: March 2013

SummaryObjectiveWomen with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) mostly have profound insulin resistance (IR) and β‐cell dysfunction. Although thioredoxin‐interacting protein (TXNIP) is a major regulator in IR and insulin secretion, no data on the plasma TXNIP level in patients with PCOS are available. This study aimed to determine the plasma TXNIP level and discuss the relationship between TXNIP and β‐cell dysfunction/IR in patients with PCOS.PatientsEighty‐three women with PCOS and 52 controls.MeasurementsInsulin sensitivity was expressed by M value obtained from euglycaemic–hyperinsulinaemic clamp. Homoeostatic model assessment for β‐cell function (HOMA‐β), △Ins30/△Glu30 and AUCins/glu were considered as the indices of fasting state, early‐phase and total insulin secretion during oral glucose tolerance test, respectively. To evaluate β‐cell function adjusted for insulin sensitivity, disposition index (DI) was used: basal DI (DI0), early‐phase DI (DI30) and total DI (DI120). Plasma TXNIP levels were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.DesignCase‐control study.ResultsPatients with PCOS had higher serum TXNIP, whereas lower M value, DI0, DI30 and DI120 than controls (P < 0·05); their TXNIP correlated positively with weight, waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR), body mass index (BMI), Ins0, Ins120 and HOMA‐β and correlated negatively with M value and DI120 (P < 0·05). Multiple stepwise regression analysis indicated that TXNIP remained associated with M value in PCOS subjects, after adjusting weight, BMI, WHR, HOMA‐β, Ins0, Ins120 and DI120. However, no relationship between TXNIP and impaired β‐cell function was found.ConclusionSerum TXNIP is elevated in women with PCOS and may be a contributing factor for IR.
BRAF mutation positive papillary thyroid carcinoma is less advanced when Hashimoto's thyroiditis lymphocytic infiltration is present
Authors: Marotta Vincenzo , Guerra Anna , Zatelli Maria C. , Uberti Ettore Degli , Di Stasi Vincenza , Faggiano Antongiulio , Colao Annamaria , Vitale Mario 
Published: March 2013

SummaryBackgroundConcomitant papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is a frequent occurrence. Whether these two conditions are linked and whether PTC with concurrent HT has distinct clinicopathological characteristics are still debated issues. Lymphocytic infiltration is abundant in HT and might be relevant in the pathogenesis and progression of PTC. BRAFV600E mutation is associated with a more advanced PTC at diagnosis; however, its role in the clinicopathological characteristics of PTC with concurrent HT is unknown.Design and patientsWe enrolled 146 patients with histological diagnosis of PTC. Microscopic assessment of histology samples was performed to identify the presence of lymphocytic infiltration. Detection of BRAFV600E was performed on cytology samples by both direct sequencing and pyrosequencing, and results were correlated with clinical parameters.ResultsConcurrent HT lymphocytic infiltration was associated with the female gender, smaller tumour size, a less frequent extracapsular extension and a lower grade of TNM staging. BRAFV600E was more frequent in PTC with concomitant lymphocytic infiltration. In PTC harbouring BRAFV600E, concurrent lymphocytic infiltration was still associated with the female gender, a less frequent extracapsular extension and a lower TNM staging.ConclusionsThese results suggest that lymphocytic infiltration of HT is a protective factor against PTC progression, and it is independent of BRAF mutational status.
High‐Dose Donepezil (23 mg/day) for the Treatment of Moderate and Severe Alzheimer's Disease: Drug Profile and Clinical Guidelines
Authors: Cummings Jeffrey L. , Geldmacher David , Farlow Martin , Sabbagh Marwan , Christensen Daniel , Betz Peter 
Published: March 2013

SummaryTo provide healthcare professionals with a comprehensive assessment of donepezil 23 mg and its role in treating Alzheimer's disease (AD), the Donepezil 23 mg Expert Working Group (EWG) convened in June 2011 to critically evaluate the clinical trial database for this higher dose formulation and the members' clinical experience with its use. Discussions were based on a large, 6‐month, phase 3 clinical trial in patients with moderate to severe AD that compared continuing donepezil 10 mg/day versus switching to 23 mg/day. In this trial, donepezil 23 mg/day demonstrated significantly greater cognitive benefits (mean change in Severe Impairment Battery score, 2.11 points; P < 0.001). Prespecified analyses showed that benefits were significant irrespective of concomitant memantine use. The EWG considered integrating these new data into clinical practice approaches. Dementia severity, tolerability of the 10 mg dose, and need for additional therapy were key selection criteria, as was monitoring of gastrointestinal side effects, as consideration of titration strategies is an important aspect of implementation. The EWG concluded that donepezil 23 mg is an efficacious therapy for moderate to severe AD, with or without concomitant memantine, extending the treatment opportunities available to manage moderate to severe AD dementia. EWG guidelines offer assistance to clinicians in choosing and implementing treatment options.
The Beneficial Role of Thiamine in Parkinson Disease
Authors: Lương Khanh v. q. , Nguyễn Lan T. H. 
Published: March 2013

SummaryParkinson disease (PD) is the second most common form of neurodegeneration among elderly individuals. PD is clinically characterized by tremors, rigidity, slowness of movement, and postural imbalance. In this paper, we review the evidence for an association between PD and thiamine. Interestingly, a significant association has been demonstrated between PD and low levels of serum thiamine, and thiamine supplements appear to have beneficial clinical effects against PD. Multiple studies have evaluated the connection between thiamine and PD pathology, and candidate pathways involve the transcription factor Sp1, p53, Bcl‐2, caspase‐3, tyrosine hydroxylase, glycogen synthase kinase‐3β, vascular endothelial growth factor, advanced glycation end products, nuclear factor kappa B, mitogen‐activated protein kinase, and the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. Thus, a review of the literature suggests that thiamine plays a role in PD, although further investigation into the effects of thiamine in PD is needed.
Preclinical Assessment of Ketamine
Authors: Wang Cheng , Liu Fang , Patterson Tucker A. , Paule Merle G. , Slikker William 
Published: March 2013

SummaryKetamine is used as a general anesthetic, and recent data suggest that anesthetics can cause neurodegeneration and/or neuroprotection. The precise mechanisms are not completely understood.
This review is to examine the work on ketamine and to address how developmental biology may be utilized when combined with biochemical, pathological, and pharmacokinetic assessments to produce a bridging model that may decrease the uncertainty in extrapolating preclinical data to human conditions. Advantages of using preclinical models to study critical issues related to ketamine anesthesia have been described. These include the relationships between ketamine‐induced neurotoxicity/protection and the preclinical models/approaches in elucidating mechanisms associated with ketamine exposure. The discussions focus on the following: (1) the doses and time‐course over which ketamine is associated with damage to, or protection of, neural cells, (2) how ketamine directs or signals neural cells to undergo apoptosis or necrosis, (3) how such exposures can trigger mitochondrial dysfunction, (4) how antioxidants and knockdowns of specific transcription modulators or receptors affect neurotoxicity induced by ketamine, and (5) whether the potential neural damage can be monitored after ketamine exposure in living animals using positron emission tomography.
Vascular anomalies – a practical approach
Authors: Theiler Martin , Wälchli Regula , Weibel Lisa 
Published: March 2013

SummaryVascular anomalies are common clinical problems (around 4.5% of all patients) in pediatric dermatology. A correct diagnosis is possible on clinical grounds in around 90% of cases; the remaining patients may require radiologic evaluations (duplex ultrasonography, MRI scan) and, rarely, histology.Vascular anomalies are divided into tumors and vascular malformations. This clear division reflects the different biological behaviors of these two groups. The infantile hemangioma represents by far the most common vascular tumor and is characterized by a typical growth cycle consisting of rapid proliferation, plateau phase, and finally slow regression. The discovery in 2008 of the efficacy of beta blockers in this disease is a therapeutic milestone.Vascular malformations can affect all types of vessels (capillaries, veins, arteries and lymphatic vessels). They usually manifest at birth and grow proportionally with the affected child. Some show marked progression especially during puberty. Considerable progress has been made with innovative interventional therapies in recent years, but surgery remains an important option.Basic knowledge of these diseases is important to every dermatologist in order to be able to counsel and manage affected patients correctly.
Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin in subjects with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease
Authors: Yale J.‐F. , Bakris G. , Cariou B. , Yue D. , David‐Neto E. , Xi L. , Figueroa K. , Wajs E. , Usiskin K. , Meininger G. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAimsCanagliflozin is a sodium glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitor in development for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of canagliflozin in subjects with T2DM and stage 3 chronic kidney disease [CKD; estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥30 and <50 ml/min/1.73 m2].MethodsIn this randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, phase 3 trial, subjects (N = 269) received canagliflozin 100 or 300 mg or placebo daily. The primary efficacy endpoint was change from baseline in HbA1c at week 26. Prespecified secondary endpoints were change in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and proportion of subjects reaching HbA1c <7.0%. Safety was assessed based on adverse event (AE) reports; renal safety parameters (e.g. eGFR, blood urea nitrogen and albumin/creatinine ratio) were also evaluated.ResultsBoth canagliflozin 100 and 300 mg reduced HbA1c from baseline compared with placebo at week 26 (–0.33, –0.44 and –0.03%; p < 0.05). Numerical reductions in FPG and higher proportions of subjects reaching HbA1c < 7.0% were observed with canagliflozin 100 and 300 mg versus placebo (27.3, 32.6 and 17.2%). Overall AE rates were similar for canagliflozin 100 and 300 mg and placebo (78.9, 74.2 and 74.4%). Slightly higher rates of urinary tract infections and AEs related to osmotic diuresis and reduced intravascular volume were observed with canagliflozin 300 mg compared with other groups. Transient changes in renal function parameters that trended towards baseline over 26 weeks were observed with canagliflozin.ConclusionCanagliflozin improved glycaemic control and was generally well tolerated in subjects with T2DM and Stage 3 CKD.
The implications of myelodysplastic syndrome – associated chromosomal abnormalities in the development of graft‐versus‐host disease
Authors: Arai Yasuyuki , Yamashita Kouhei , Mizugishi Kiyomi , Takaori‐Kondo Akifumi , Chiba Tsutomu , Watanabe Tomohiro 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThere is a growing body of evidences that acquired chromosomal abnormalities in bone marrow (BM) cells are associated with clinical manifestations of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). However, to our knowledge, there are no reports that describe the association between chromosomal abnormalities in MDS and graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo‐SCT). Here, we describe two MDS cases with trisomy 8 and der(1;7)(q10;p10), who developed severe GVHD after allo‐SCT. We analyzed cytokine production and cell survival of monocytes from these patients with MDS before allo‐SCT, in comparison with healthy controls or an MDS patient with a different chromosomal abnormality, who has not developed GVHD. The monocytes from MDS patients with trisomy 8 and der(1;7)(q10;p10) produced a larger amount of pro‐inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor‐α, and a smaller amount of anti‐inflammatory cytokine, interleukin‐10, on stimulation with Toll‐like receptor (TLR) ligands. In addition, the monocytes from MDS cases with GVHD showed a decrease in apoptotic cell death upon stimulation with TLR ligands. We also detected host‐derived pro‐inflammatory antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) in skin GVHD lesions after allo‐SCT. These data suggest that trisomy 8 and der(1;7)(q10;p10) may be associated with the development of severe GVHD, by prolonging survival of pro‐inflammatory host‐derived APCs in GVHD lesions.
Uncovering novel actors in astrocyte–neuron crosstalk in Parkinson's disease: the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling cascade as the common final pathway for neuroprotection and self‐repair
Authors: Marchetti Bianca , L'Episcopo Francesca , Morale Maria Concetta , Tirolo Cataldo , Testa Nuccio , Caniglia Salvo , Serapide Maria Francesca , Pluchino Stefano 
Published: March 2013

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive loss of dopaminergic (DAergic) neuronal cell bodies in the substantia nigra pars compacta and gliosis. The cause and mechanisms underlying the demise of nigrostriatal DAergic neurons are ill‐defined, but interactions between genes and environmental factors are recognized to play a critical role in modulating the vulnerability to PD. Current evidence points to reactive glia as a pivotal factor in PD pathophysiology, playing both protective and destructive roles. Here, the contribution of reactive astrocytes and their ability to modulate DAergic neurodegeneration, neuroprotection and neurorepair in the 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) rodent model of PD will be discussed in the light of novel emerging evidence implicating wingless‐type mouse mammary tumor virus integration site (Wnt)/β‐catenin signaling as a strong candidate in MPTP‐induced nigrostriatal DAergic plasticity. In this work, we highlight an intrinsic Wnt1/frizzled‐1/β‐catenin tone that critically contributes to the survival and protection of adult midbrain DAergic neurons, with potential implications for drug design or drug action in PD. The dynamic interplay between astrocyte‐derived factors and neurogenic signals in MPTP‐induced nigrostriatal DAergic neurotoxicity and repair will be summarized, together with recent findings showing a critical role of glia–neural stem/progenitor cell (NPC) interactions aimed at overcoming neurodegeneration and inducing neurorestoration. Understanding the intrinsic plasticity of nigrostriatal DAergic neurons and deciphering the signals facilitating the crosstalk between astrocytes, microglia, DAergic neurons and NPCs may have major implications for the role of stem cell technology in PD, and for identifying potential therapeutic targets to induce endogenous neurorepair.
The strongest does not attract all but it does attract the most – evaluating the criminal attractiveness of shopping malls using fuzzy logic
Authors: Mago Vijay K. , Frank Richard , Reid Andrew , Dabbaghian Vahid 
Published: March 2013

AbstractCrime attractors are locations (e.g. shopping malls) that attract criminally motivated offenders because of the presence of known criminal opportunities. Although there have been many studies that explore the patterns of crime in and around these locations, there are still many questions that linger. In recent years, there has been a growing interest to develop mathematical models in attempts to help answer questions about various criminological phenomena. In this paper, we are interested in applying a formal methodology to model the relative attractiveness of crime attractor locations based on characteristics of offenders and the crime they committed. To accomplish this task, we adopt fuzzy logic techniques to calculate the attractiveness of crime attractors in three suburban cities in the Metro Vancouver region of British Columbia, Canada. The fuzzy logic techniques provide results comparable with our real‐life expectations that offenders do not necessarily commit significant crimes in the immediate neighbourhood of the attractors, but travel towards it, and commit crimes on the way. The results of this study could lead to a variety of crime prevention benefits and urban planning strategies.
Lethal cardiac arrhythmia during central venous catheterization in a uremic patient: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Huang Ya‐Chin , Huang Jiun‐Chi , Chen Szu‐Chia , Chang Jer‐Ming , Chen Hung‐Chun 
Published: March 2013

AbstractDouble‐lumen central venous catheter (CVC) is a rapid access technique for hemodialysis (HD) when an arteriovenous fistula or graft is not available. A variety of procedure‐related complications have been reported, such as infection and pneumothorax, but serious cardiac complications are relatively less mentioned. We report a uremic woman with preexisting left bundle branch block who required emergent HD and received jugular double‐lumen CVC insertion, which was complicated by short‐duration ventricular tachycardia followed by complete atrio‐ventricular block and bradycardia. Pharmacological management did not reverse heart rate and rhythm. External pacing was not applied because she remained hemodynamically stable in the course of HD. Heart rate returned to sinus rhythm with left bundle branch block 4 hours later and did not recur through the whole admission period. We speculate that the transient arrhythmia might have been induced by mechanical contact with the ventricular wall during the procedure with the guided metallic wire. In conclusion, physicians responsible for CVC catheterization should pay more attention to patients with preexisting cardiac arrhythmia to prevent such technical mistakes from transpiring.
The Efficacy and Impact of the Alien Transfer Exit Programme: Migrant Perspectives from Nogales, Sonora, Mexico
Authors: De León Jason 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe Alien Transfer Exit Programme (ATEP) is a US deportation strategy created in 2008 whereby migrants are returned to border regions of Mexico distant from their initial place of apprehension. The goal of this strategy is to geographically separate migrants from their coyotes [paid crossing guide], who are often waiting for them in Mexico, in an attempt to discourage people from attempting additional border crossings. The official government stance concerning this programme is that it is both effective at deterring migration and that it protects migrants from abusive coyotes who often “force” them to cross the harsh Sonoran desert. The effectiveness of this new policy or its impact on the experiences of migrants has yet to be examined. Using a combination of ethnography and archaeology, I describe ATEP and its impacts on the social process of border crossing with an emphasis on the experiences of migrants who have been deported from California to the Mexican border town of Nogales. I argue that recent formalized deportation strategies such as ATEP build on previous lateral relocation programmes that have long been ineffective at slowing migration. In addition, ATEP contributes to sustaining previous migration control policies of exclusion (based on age, gender, and health) that now produce new dangers for both those included and excluded from this programme. ATEP should be viewed as an enforcement strategy aimed at systematically placing migrants in harm's way by relocating them geographically and by undermining the resources (i.e., human and social capital) that people have come to rely on for successful (and safer) border crossings. These findings contribute to the growing literature on the anthropology of deportation and the critical phenomenology of illegality.