bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The contribution of dietary advanced glycation end‐products and genetic risk in the development of inflammatory bowel disease: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Jiang Fangyuan , Yang Wenjing , Cao Yushu , Cao Xianghan , Zhang Yu , Yao Lingya , Cao Qian 
Published: August 2024

SummaryBackgroundDietary advanced glycation end products (AGEs) may promote oxidative stress and inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract.AimsThe aim of this study is to investigate the association between dietary AGE intake and the risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).MethodsWe included 121,978 participants without IBD at baseline from the UK Biobank. We estimated consumption of three common AGEs (Nε‐(carboxymethyl)‐lysine (CML), Nε‐(1‐carboxyethyl)‐lysine (CEL), and Nδ‐(5‐hydro‐5‐methyl‐4‐imidazolon‐2‐yl)‐ornithine (MG‐H1)) by matching 24‐h dietary questionnaires to a validated dietary AGE database. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CI of the association between dietary AGEs and IBD risk.ResultsDuring a median follow‐up of 13.72 years, 671 participants developed IBD (192 with Crohn's disease (CD) and 478 with ulcerative colitis (UC)). Among the assessed dietary AGEs, only CEL was associated with an increased risk of IBD (HR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.01–1.18, p = 0.020) and CD (HR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.03–1.36, p = 0.014), particularly for participants who were overweight, physically inactive, and non‐smokers. Among participants at a high genetic risk of CD, HRs (95% CI) of CD were 1.26 (1.00–1.57) for CML, 1.41 (1.12–1.77) for CEL, and 1.28 (1.01–1.62) for MG‐H1 (p < 0.05 for each). However, none of the dietary AGEs was significantly associated with UC risk, irrespective of genetic predisposition.ConclusionsDietary CEL was associated with an increased risk of IBD and CD, but not UC. Further interventional studies are required to support the potential benefit of AGE restriction, especially for individuals at a high genetic risk of CD.
Autonomous Responses to the Russia–Ukraine Conflict? Evidence from the Feminist Foreign Policy in Latin America
Authors: Jima‐González Alexandra , Alcántara‐Lizárraga José Ángel , Carrión‐Vivar Kendra D. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGiven the conflict between Russia and Ukraine and the Feminist Foreign Policy (FFP) institutionalisation by Mexico (2020) and Chile (2023), this study analyses their differentiated responses to empirically assess FFP's promised potential to achieve autonomy in foreign policymaking. Through a thematic analysis, we examined the official stances towards the war, diplomatic interactions, and specific cooperation policies proposed or supported by the two countries. The results are twofold: (1) theoretically, FFP challenges conventional theories on international relations and foreign policymaking by fostering a nuanced understanding of the war thus creating conditions for developing autonomous discourses and policies, and (2) empirically, FFP has practical limitations evidenced in Mexico and Chile's heterogeneous – and sometimes unexpected – responses.
‘I like to dance with the flowers!’: Exploring the possibilities for biodiverse futures in an urban forest school
Authors: Hogarth Hannah 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis article explores the ways in which ‘forest school’, an educational approach where children engage in creative and play based activities in a ‘natural’ environment, can contribute towards Sustainable Development Goal 15 (SDG 15) by promoting sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems and by helping address biodiversity loss. Drawing on data from an inquiry that explored childhoodnature play in an inner‐city forest school in London, England, this article discusses the ways in which nature relations emerged over weekly visits to an urban park over the course of one school year. We, the adult and young child researchers and more‐than‐human nature, enacted ‘shared play’ as part of a post‐qualitative approach that involved playing together as a form of data creation. Co‐created ‘play tales’ from the inquiry foreground encounters between children, grass, flowers, soil, trees, fruits and insects and illuminate the ways in which nature relations ignited small, yet powerful, acts to protect and restore the flora and fauna in the urban park. This article asserts that post‐anthropocentric, postdevelopmental educational approaches create opportunities for multi‐species relations to slowly emerge and flourish. These stories illuminate the ways these ethico‐political relations and onto‐epistemological transformations can prevent the continuation of terrestrial ecosystem degradation and contribute towards biodiverse futures in urban areas.
Decentralization as spectacle: An empirical reflection from Pakistan
Authors: Ali Aijaz , Analoui Farhad , Sage Nick 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMotivationLocal government can develop democracy and community participation if institutions support it. But when a military regime takes over following a coup d'état, it may use familiar methods of patronage, corruption, and exploitation of kinship ties to render decentralization a spectacle—that is, done for show, but without substantial change. Local elites may then capture local administration and extract public resources.PurposeDoes decentralization as spectacle bring positive change — when the military hold power and the state is laden with corruption, patronage, and kinship ties?Methods and approachesWe analyse how respondents experienced two periods of local government, including post‐election public interactions between representatives and their constituents.Data comes from responses to qualitative interviews with 70 key informants from the Qambar Shahdadkot and Larkana districts of Sindh, Pakistan. We analysed the themes generated by responses to questions.FindingsSome 40% of respondents reported those who came into local government power aimed first and foremost to promote the interests of their own class. Some 29% of respondents reported local government made empty promises to provide services with public participation.Pakistan's decentralization has been a spectacle, to serve powerful elites. Local government has been captured by local elites.Policy implicationsDecentralization, muzzled by the military, is mere spectacle, and predatory to boot. Donor agencies should explore possibilities for change at the local level; for example, where local networks and informal governmentality can build up trust amongst hyper‐local communities.
Effects of longitudinal profile shape on scour and flow resistance in rills
Authors: Nicosia Alessio , Palmeri Vincenzo , Di Stefano Costanza , Pampalone Vincenzo , Guida Gaetano , Ferro Vito 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe literature regarding how rill longitudinal profile (concave and convex) affects soil loss and flow resistance is still lacking. The only analysis available in the literature for rills is limited by the fact that measurements were performed for a unique mean slope value sp (18%). In this article, further rill measurements were conducted on a plot with sp = 15% and complex profile shapes and were used to widen the knowledge about the influence of longitudinal profile shape on rill scour, eroded volume, and flow resistance. The findings highlighted that the concave profile has a homogeneous spatial distribution of moderate scours, whereas the scours in the convex one are deeper and more confined, but they are not placed after the slope change as found for sp = 18%. The mean scour depth, which accounts for the discharge and profile shape effects, is not (concave) or is weakly (convex) related to the flow discharge. The concave profile determined a reduction of approximately 57% of the total eroded volume when compared with the convex profile shape, confirming that a concave hillslope limits erosive phenomena. Finally, the flow resistance equation guaranteed a precise estimation of the Darcy–Weisbach friction factor.
Potential for carbon dioxide removal of carbon capture and storage on biomass‐fired combined heat and power production
Authors: Weimann Gertrud Græsbøll , Bentsen Niclas Scott 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCarbon Dioxide Removals (CDR) and Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) have received a lot of attention as a tool to mitigate climate change and reach climate neutrality. Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) is seen as one of the more promising CDRs, and from 2026, the Danish utility Ørsted is establishing the first BECCS plants in Denmark. We present a case study of BECCS by installing CCS at a biomass‐fired CHP plant and the aim is to quantify the CDR potential and carbon dynamics of the BECCS system. Moreover, the study aims to quantify the emissions related to capturing and store CO2. The GHG emissions from CCS including heat, electricity, transport and storage are approximately 100 kgCO2/t stored CO2and the carbon payback time of the BECCS system is 3–4 years relative to leaving the wood in the forest or at processing industries. The main driver of the payback time is the additional use of biomass to operate CCS which shifts the timing of CO2emissions more towards the present. The additional biomass use also increases supply chain emissions, and on top of that, only 90% of the direct CO2emissions from the CHP plant are captured. The study illustrates the importance of temporal scope in assessing the CDR potential of BECCS. With continuous use of biomass, GHG emissions are 207 kgCO2/t stored CO2in year 1 and −742 kgCO2/t stored CO2in year 99. This study reveals inconsistencies in the assessment of the CDR potential of BECCS in the literature. There is a considerable need for further research within this field to assess how BECCS can contribute to mitigating climate change and on the appropriate scale of BECCS deployment.
Does a relationship exist between hardness and compression strength for advanced ceramics?
Authors: Swab Jeffrey J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe Knoop hardness (HK) and compression strength (σc) of 23 advanced ceramics were measured to determine if an overarching HK/σc relationship could be identified for ceramics, or if one exists for a specific class of ceramics, similar to the hardness/yield strength relationship (H/Y ≈ 3) identified by Tabor for metals. Compression strength was determined using a dumbbell‐shaped specimen that virtually eliminates the end splitting that occurs when cylinders or cuboids are tested and provides a more representative compression strength value. HK values were obtained over a range of indentation loads between 0.98 and 98N. Four HK values, HK2, load‐independent HK, the hardness from the proportional specimen resistance model, and a brittleness parameter, were obtained and plotted against compression strength. An overarching relationship could not be identified for ceramics in general and the only class of ceramics that had a consistent relationship was tungsten carbide/cobalt that had a HK/σc of approximately 2.5. The consistent relationship for the WC/Co materials is due to the cobalt plastically deforming during the loading processes, something that does not occur in the other ceramics evaluated.
Novel method of fabricating lightweight thermally insulation fibrous composites for energy saving
Authors: Qiu Danyang , Li Shujing , Li Yuanbing , Cai Zhen , Fu Chengzhen , Wei ChangDong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFiberboard (FB) is extensively utilized in heat‐insulating refractory materials owing to its lightweight nature and excellent resistance to high temperatures. Nevertheless, the inadequate mechanical properties and limited dimensional stability of FB hinder its further application. The vacuum filtration was utilized in this study to manufacture inorganically modified insulation FB, incorporating plus fiber/1260 fiber and silica sol as the primary constituents and sepiolite powder (HS) as the modifier. The experimental results show that the fabricated samples exhibited extremely high porosity (75.3%–90.2%) and low thermal conductivity (.063–.15 W m−1 K−1, 200–800°C). The fibers were arranged in a three‐dimensional structure, overlapping with each other, and the silica sol adhered to the fibers, forming a spatial mesh structure through cross‐linking. Importantly, the incorporation of HS was effective in controlling the agglomeration of the silica sol, leading to a more uniform distribution within the fibers. Additionally, the study found that the mechanical properties (high hardness (64–72 HA)) and high‐temperature durability of the FBs were enhanced due to the flocculant modification. This study highlights promising prospects for industrial applications and offers a cost‐effective admixture for modifying and preparing high‐performance FBs, which is expected to see broad adoption in thermal insulation and energy conservation applications.
Changes in bumblebee queen gut microbiotas during and after overwintering diapause
Authors: Hotchkiss Michelle Z. , Forrest Jessica R. K. , Poulain Alexandre J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBumblebees are key pollinators with gut microbiotas that support host health. After bumblebee queens undergo winter diapause, which occurs before spring colony establishment, their gut microbiotas are disturbed, but little is known about community dynamics during diapause itself. Queen gut microbiotas also help seed worker microbiotas, so it is important that they recover post‐diapause to a typical community structure, a process that may be impeded by pesticide exposure. We examined how bumblebee queen gut microbiota community structure and metabolic potential shift during and after winter diapause, and whether post‐diapause recovery is affected by pesticide exposure. To do so, we placed commercial Bombus impatiens queens into diapause, euthanizing them at 0, 2 and 4 months of diapause. Additionally, we allowed some queens to recover from diapause for 1 week before euthanasia, exposing half to the common herbicide glyphosate. Using whole‐community, shotgun metagenomic sequencing, we found that core bee gut phylotypes dominated queen gut microbiotas before, during and after diapause, but that two phylotypes, Schmidhempelia and Snodgrassella, ceased to be detected during late diapause and recovery. Despite fluctuations in taxonomic community structure, metabolic potential remained constant through diapause and recovery. Also, glyphosate exposure did not affect post‐diapause microbiota recovery. However, metagenomic assembly quality and our ability to detect microbial taxa and metabolic pathways declined alongside microbial abundance, which was substantially reduced during diapause. Our study offers new insights into how bumblebee queen gut microbiotas change taxonomically and functionally during a key life stage and provides guidance for future microbiota studies in diapausing bumblebees.
The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on network dynamics among Chinese immigrants in the United States
Authors: Mouw Ted , Merli M. Giovanna , Xu Yingzhi , Le Barbenchon Claire , Stolte Allison 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe use longitudinal data on the social networks of Chinese immigrants in the United States from 2018 to 2020 to study the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on communication frequency and friendship formation. Understanding the pandemic's effect on social networks is important because, while individual social networks are always in flux (Schaefer & Marcum, The Oxford handbook of social networks, 2017 and 254; Sekara et al., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113, 2016 and 9977), they tend to change slowly over time in periods of social stability (Wrzus et al., Psychological Bulletin, 139, 2013 and 53). In contrast, the COVID‐19 pandemic was a massive disturbance in the social environment, similar to the effect of a natural disaster such as a hurricane on social networks, but on a much broader scale (Bertogg & Koos, Frontiers in Sociology, 74, 2021). For Chinese immigrants in the United States, the social disruption of the COVID‐19 pandemic was magnified because, in addition to the social isolation caused by lockdowns and social distancing, there was a dramatic rise in anti‐Chinese discrimination and hate crimes in the United States which affected migrants' sense of inclusion and collective identity in their host society (Li et al., PLoS One, 16, 2021 and e0259866; Stolte et al., Social Science and Medicine – Mental Health, 2, 2022 and 100159). By examining how migrant networks changed and adapted to this altered macro‐level social environment, we can better understand how micro and macro‐level factors interact to affect network changes in general. The findings indicate that while stress during the pandemic affected the level of social network communication, the process of new tie formation to natives appears to be relatively unaffected.
Insights Towards Trauma‐Informed Nursing Supervision: An Integrative Literature Review and Thematic Analysis
Authors: McGarva Keri , Butler Helen , Newcombe David 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTTrauma‐informed care (TIC) is an approach to healthcare practice that recognises the pervasiveness of trauma, and the deep and life‐shaping impact this has on a person. The literature recognises the negative consequences of trauma both to the people who experience it, and the nurses who provide care for them. Professional supervision is an integral element of workforce wellbeing and practice development, and a largely unexplored avenue of support for those who deliver TIC. Strategies for delivery of TIC were clearly articulated in the background literature, however how professional supervision can support nurses who provide this was less obvious. The research aim was to explore the literature related to trauma‐informed supervision in nursing to answer the question ‘what skills and strategies can a supervisor use to support nurses who provide TIC in adult populations?’. An integrative review method was used and identified fifteen published articles for inclusion. These were then analysed using a reflexive thematic analysis. Literature all came from the allied health field, due to paucity of literature related to nursing. Analysis revealed three themes that were developed into an emotion–cognition–action sequence; create a safe supervisory relationship; facilitate TIC learning; and build resilience. Discussion noted the intersection of review findings with the Supervision Alliance Model and TIC framework, and where other skills may be integrated to inform a trauma‐informed supervisor.
Shades of incivility in Reddit: A comparison between echo chambers and plural spaces
Authors: Salgado Susana , Fernández‐García Belén , Biscaia Afonso 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis research relies on a two‐stage content analysis of Reddit to test the assumption that by emphasizing othering and polarizing opinions, homogeneous ideological spaces trigger impolite and uncivil comments towards others, as opposed to spaces that enable cross partisan‐ideological exposure, which overall are seen as positive for democracy. It examines subreddits with varying probability of occurrence of echo chamber effects to measure the prevalence and the targets of incivility and studies the interactions in which these comments emerge in discussions about immigration. Findings show that incivility is higher in subreddits that bring together users with the same ideological and political profile, in which echo chamber effects are more likely to occur, but the redditors’ reactions are similar in both types of environments. The targets of incivility vary according to the political orientation of the comments and the political context of the country.
Acoustic emission accuracy from a tensile test of a ceramic matrix composite
Authors: Morscher Gregory N. , Ferguson Christopher , Pratt Sarah , Clawson Jonathan B. , Razavi Seyed Mostafa , Subramanian Suresh 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCeramic matrix composites (CMCs) on one level are excellent materials for acoustic emission (AE) analysis. They are excellent waveguides for AE waveform transmission due to the high modulus to density ratio. CMC inelastic behavior is due to micro‐ and macrocrack formation from matrix crack interaction with the fibers via a relatively weak fiber/matrix interface which create ideal stress waves. Because of this, AE is an excellent detector of microcracks in general, and most importantly in the case of CMCs, the initial or lowest stress crack formation. This property can be related to long time stressed‐oxidation degradation of nonoxide composites, in particular. In addition, AE has been used to effectively determine the stress distribution for matrix cracks which cause the nonlinear stress–strain behavior. However, a key to quantitatively correlating AE with sources is first and foremost to locate where the AE originated. For a tensile test, most AE comes from the near‐grip region and the radius region outside the gage area of interest. Outside the gage region AE would not be considered useful data pertaining to stress/strain behavior and must be sorted out from the AE dataset. Location is determined by the difference in time of arrivals (TOAs) of waveforms received on each sensor from a given AE source. Automated TOA techniques such as threshold voltage crossing or Akaike information criteria (AIC) have limitations in overall accuracy of differences in TOA (Δt) of two different sensors required for location analysis. This study has incorporated several signal filter and enhancement techniques and an approach toward increasing the accuracy of the classic TOA techniques. First TOA was determined for the two sensors of the AE tests “manually” based on first extensional peak of the waveform, this served as the “exact” difference in TOA. Δt’s were then determined for the various filter/TOA techniques and compared to those from the manual determined Δt. The best filter/TOA techniques resulted in more than two times better accuracy (defined as percentage of events within 0.1 µs of the exact Δt) than the conventional threshold crossing or AIC technique.
Up‐conversion luminescence of Er3+/Yb3+ co‐doped Gd2Te6O15 tellurite glass‐ceramics for optical thermometry
Authors: Liang Haozhang , Lin Xiangtao , Ma Nanshan , He Longqing , Tong Juxia , Luo Zhiwei , Ye Lingying , Lu Anxian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe Er3+/Yb3+ co‐doped tellurite glasses and glass‐ceramics (GCs) containing the Gd2Te6O15 phase were successfully fabricated via the conventional melting‐quenching technique followed by a crystallization regime. The Er3+/Yb3+ co‐doped tellurite glasses generated intense up‐conversion green (524 and 546 nm) and red (658 nm) emissions when stimulated by a 980 nm laser. The up‐conversion green emission intensity increased by 68 and 46 times with the increase of the Yb3+/Er3+ ratio, and the optimal Yb3+/Er3+ ratio was found to be 8:1. The surface crystallization process of the Gd2Te6O15 GCs was confirmed through analysis of crystallization kinetics and microscopic morphology. The up‐conversion luminescence and lifetime of Er3+ ions were enhanced by the precipitation of low‐phonon‐energy Gd2Te6O15 crystals. The GC sample crystallized at 480°C for 4 h showed the highest luminescence intensity. The optical thermometry properties of Er3+ ions at thermally coupled energy levels (2H11/2/4S3/2→4I15/2) were explored. The Gd2Te6O15 GCs co‐doped with 0.25 mol% Er2O3 and 2.0 mol% Yb2O3 exhibited an excellent temperature relative sensitivity (Sr) of 1.22% K−1 at 293 K and a great repeatability of 98.07%. These results suggest that the Er3+/Yb3+ co‐doped Gd2Te6O15 GCs show promise for optical thermometry.