bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Awards: A strategic management perspective
Authors: Gallus Jana , Frey Bruno S. 
Published: July 2015

Research summary: Awards are a valuable strategic resource. Motivation theory and the emerging body of empirical literature suggest that awards can have a significant effect on employee motivation and corporate performance, though not always in the intended direction. Awards can also destroy value. The organizational award literature has so far largely neglected this important issue. We develop a synthesis of the dimensions critical for successful award bestowals, and analyze under which conditions awards generate firm‐specific value that is sustained and difficult for competitors to imitate. The process of value creation and capture is contingent on the given firm's organizational characteristics and nature of production. The article concludes by laying out empirical implications.JELcodes: M52, M54, J24, J30.Managerial summary: Awards are widely used in the corporate sector. They fundamentally differ from monetary incentives, which risk crowding out employees' intrinsic motivation. Among the variety of awards, two general types can be distinguished: confirmatory awards based on explicit, pre‐determined performance criteria, and discretionary awards, which rely on broad performance evaluations and may be used ex post to honor outstanding performance. Appropriately designed and adjusted to the specific firm's characteristics, awards enhance employees' motivation and corporate performance. They express recognition and support their recipients' perceived competence and social status. Awards help to retain valuable employees and to establish role models. However, awards may also backfire, for instance, when they provoke envy among coworkers. We propose when awards risk destroying value and when they are particularly useful. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Technical aspects and effectiveness of percutaneous fetal therapies for large sacrococcygeal teratomas: cohort study and literature review
Authors: Sananes N. , Javadian P. , Schwach Werneck Britto I. , Meyer N. , Koch A. , Gaudineau A. , Favre R. , Ruano R. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of minimally invasive ablation of high‐risk large sacrococcygeal teratomas (SCT) and to compare the efficacy of vascular and interstitial tumor ablation.MethodsThis was a retrospective multicenter study including a cohort of fetuses with high‐risk large SCTs between 2004 and 2010. In addition, we performed a systematic literature review of all cases that underwent tumor ablation in order to compare the survival rates after ‘vascular’ and ‘interstitial’ ablation. Statistical analysis was conducted using Bayesian methods.ResultsIn our cohort, a total of 13 fetuses had high‐risk large SCT and five of them underwent tumor ablation. The estimated difference in hydrops resolution rate between the fetal intervention and the no fetal intervention groups was 44.6% (95% credibility interval, 1.5 to 81.0%; Pdiff> 0 = 97.9%). The estimated difference in survival rate between the fetal intervention and the no fetal intervention groups was 31.0% (13.9 to 48.1%; Pdiff> 0 = 99.9%). We analyzed our five cases together with 28 cases from the literature and estimated the difference in survival rate between the vascular and interstitial ablation groups as 19.8% (–13.1 to 50.1%; Pdiff> 0 = 88.3%). The estimated difference in hydrops resolution rate between the vascular and the interstitial ablation groups was 36.7% (–5.7 to 72.7%; Pdiff> 0 = 95.5%).ConclusionMinimally invasive surgery seems to improve perinatal outcome in cases of high‐risk large fetal SCT. Our findings suggest that ‘vascular’ ablation may improve outcome and may be more effective than ‘interstitial’ tumor ablation, but this hypothesis needs further investigation in a larger multicenter prospective study. Copyright © 2015 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Lack of phosphomannomutase 2 affects Xenopus laevis morphogenesis and the non‐canonical Wnt5a/Ror2 signalling
Authors: Himmelreich Nastassja , Kaufmann Lilian T. , Steinbeisser Herbert , Körner Christian , Thiel Christian 
Published: July 2015

AbstractReduced phosphomannomutase 2 activity in man leads to hypoglycosylation of glycoconjugates causing PMM2‐CDG, the most common type of congenital disorders of glycosylation. Here we show that an antisense morpholino‐mediated knockdown of the Xenopus laevis phosphomannomutase 2 gene provoked a general underglycosylation in frog embryos, which led to an altered phenotype and reduced glycosylation of Wnt5a as member of the non‐canonical Wnt signalling. Loss of function experiments in hemi‐sectioned embryos proved that due to the phosphomannomutase 2 knockdown expression of the Wnt5a/Ror2 target gene paraxial protocadherin was significantly decreased. Regarding the expression of paraxial protocadherin, a gain of function could only be achieved by injections of wnt5a and ror2 in dorsal neighbouring blastomeres, while a parallel injection of phosphomannomutase 2 morpholino led to a significant reduced level of expression. Our data show for the first time that a knockdown of phosphomannomutase 2 influences in vivo the non‐canonical Wnt signalling during early embryogenesis.
COMPETITIVE EQUILIBRIA WITH DISTORTION RISK MEASURES
Authors: Boonen Tim J. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis paper studies optimal risk redistribution between firms, such as banks or insurance companies. The introduction of the Basel II regulation and the Swiss Solvency Test has increased the use of risk measures to evaluate financial or insurance risk. We consider the case where firms use a distortion risk measure (also called dual utility) to evaluate risk. The paper first characterizes all Pareto optimal redistributions. Thereafter, it characterizes all competitive equilibria. It presents three conditions that are jointly sufficient for existence of a unique equilibrium redistribution. This equilibrium's redistribution and prices are provided in closed form via a representative agent.
The effect of silencing arginine kinase by RNAi on the larval development of Helicoverpa armigera
Authors: Qi X.-L. , Su X.-F. , Lu G.-Q. , Liu C.-X. , Liang G.-M. , Cheng H.-M. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractArginine kinase (AK) is an important regulation factor of energy metabolism in invertebrate. An arginine kinase gene, named HaAK, was identified to be differentially expressed between Cry1Ac-susceptible (96S) and Cry1Ac-resistant (Bt-R) Helicoverpa armigera larvae using cDNA-amplification fragment length polymorphism analysis. The full-length open reading frame sequence of HaAK gene with 1068 bp was isolated from H. armigera. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay revealed that HaAK gene is specifically expressed in multiple tissues and at larval developmental stages. The peak expression level of HaAK was detected in the midgut of the fifth-instar larvae. Moreover, the expression of HaAK was obviously down-regulated in Bt-R larvae. We further constructed a dsRNA vector directly targeting HaAK and employed RNAi technology to control the larvae. The feeding bioassays showed that minute quantities of dsRNA could greatly increase the larval mortality and delay the larval pupation. Silencing of HaAK significantly retarded the larval development, indicating that HaAK is a potential target for RNA interference-based pest management.
ILIAD 13.754: ΟΡΕΙ ΝΙΦΟΕΝΤΙ ΕΟΙΚΩΣ
Authors: Phillips Tom 
Published: July 2015

At Iliad 13.751-3, Hector heeds Polydamas' advice to rally the Trojans by gathering their best fighters together and debating their next move (13.736-47). The speech is followed by a simile that has puzzled some commentators, in which Hector is compared to a snowy mountain as he moves through the Trojan ranks. The passage runs as follows:
‘Πουλυδάμα σὺ μὲν αὐτοῦ ἐρύκακε πάντας ἀρίστους,αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ κεῖσ’ εἶμι καὶ ἀντιόω πολέμοιο·αἶψα δ’ ἐλεύσομαι αὖτις ἐπὴν εὖ τοῖς ἐπιτείλω.’ἦ ῥα, καὶ ὁρμήθη ὄρεϊ νιφόεντι ἐοικὼςκεκλήγων, διὰ δὲ Τρώων πέτετ’ ἠδ’ ἐπικούρων. 755οἳ δ’ ἐς Πανθοΐδην ἀγαπήνορα Πουλυδάμανταπάντες ἐπεσσεύοντ’, ἐπεὶ Ἕκτορος ἔκλυον αὐδήν.‘Polydamas, hold all the best men here, while I go there and face the battle. I shall swiftly come back again, when I have given my orders to the men.’ He spoke and rushed off appearing like a snowy mountain, crying out, and flew through the ranks of the Trojans and their allies, and they all rushed to the kindly-minded Polydamas, Panthoos’ son, when they heard Hector's voice.
The role of GRIK4 gene in treatment-resistant depression
Authors: MILANESI ELENA , BONVICINI CRISTIAN , CONGIU CHIARA , BORTOLOMASI MARCO , GAINELLI GIULIO , GENNARELLI MASSIMO , MINELLI ALESSANDRA 
Published: July 2015

SummarySeveral lines of evidence implicate abnormalities in glutamatergic neural transmission in major depressive disorder (MDD) and treatment response. A high percentage of MDD patients do not respond adequately to antidepressants and are classified as having treatment-resistant depression (TRD). In this study we investigated five GRIK4 variants, previously associated with antidepressants response, in an Italian cohort of 247 MDD no-TRD and 380 TRD patients. We found an association between rs11218030 G allele and TRD. Moreover, significant associations between rs11218030 and rs1954787 and the presence of psychotic symptoms were observed. In conclusion, our data support the involvement of GRIK4 in TRD and in the risk of developing psychotic symptoms during depressive episodes.
Effects of saline irrigation on yield and qualitative characterization of seed of an amaranth accession grown under Mediterranean conditions
Authors: LAVINI A. , PULVENTO C. , d'ANDRIA R. , RICCARDI M. , JACOBSEN S. E. 
Published: July 2015

SUMMARYYield responses of a grain amaranth accession to different irrigation strategies were evaluated in Naples, Italy. Field experiments were carried out to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative response of amaranth under combined abiotic stresses (salinity and drought) in a Mediterranean environment of South Italy affected by problems due to groundwater salinization from seawater intrusion.A comparison was made in 2009 and 2010 between a fully irrigated treatment (1·00), with the restitution of all of the water necessary to replenish to field capacity the soil layer explored by roots (0·00–0·36 m), and two treatments with restitution of 0·50 and 0·25 of the water volume used for the fully irrigated treatment. The three levels of irrigation volume were combined with two levels of salinity, either fresh or salt water, with electrical conductivity (EC) of the irrigation water of 0·64 and 22 dS/m respectively, in a factorial experiment thus harbouring six treatments in a randomized complete block design. The results showed good adaptation of amaranth to drought. It was possible to obtain high yields even if groundwater with infiltrated seawater was used for irrigation (50% yield reduction when the EC of soil saturated paste extract (ECe) was 13·97 dS/m). A reduction of 50% in the volume of irrigation did not cause a significant reduction in yield, whether using fresh or saline water, compared to the treatment fully irrigated with fresh water. The chemical composition of amaranth seeds, however, was significantly affected by the treatments. Starch and ash content decreased with increasing drought while protein content was increased by both salt and drought.In view of the increased presence of salinity and drought stress in the Mediterranean area and the scarce information on amaranth response to salt and water stress, the aim of the present work is evaluation of the quantitative and qualitative response of amaranth grown in a Mediterranean environment of South Italy under combined drought and salinity stress.
Cross-fertilization as a reproductive strategy in a tissue flukesDidymosulcus katsuwonicola(Platyhelmintes: Didymozoidae) inferred by genetic analysis
Authors: MLADINEO IVONA , TOMAŠ MARINA , STANIĆ RINO 
Published: July 2015

SUMMARYMitochondrial DNA locus cytochrome oxidase I was used to asses intraspecific genetic diversity of a didymozoid speciesDidymosulcus katsuwonicola.Adult forms of this species live encapsulated in pairs in the gills of the reared Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus). The life cycle of this food-borne parasites and its migration in the host tissues after releasing from the digestive tract to the definitive site in the gills are unknown. Our goal was to assess whether two encysted didymozoids share the same haplotype, indicative of a common maternal origin, as well as the extent of cross- in respect to self-fertilization strategy. Intraspecific comparison showed high haplotype diversity, while the presence of two matching haplotypes within a single cyst encompassed only 17% of sampled individuals. This infers that cross-fertilization between paired individuals within the cyst is more common mechanism than self-fertilization. Such hermaphroditic parasite's trait suggests the existence of intricate infection and reproduction mechanisms, presumably as an adaptation for successful fulfillment of their indirect life cycle through dissemination of genetically more diverse and consequently more fit offspring.
Spatiotemporal variation and social determinants of suicide in China, 2006–2012: findings from a nationally representative mortality surveillance system
Authors: Liu S. , Page A. , Yin P. , Astell-Burt T. , Feng X. , Liu Y. , Liu J. , Wang L. , Zhou M. 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundSuicide in China has declined since the 1990s. However, there has been limited investigation of the potential spatiotemporal variation and social determinants of suicide during subsequent periods.MethodAnnual suicide counts from 2006 to 2012 stratified by county, 5-year age group (⩾15 years) and gender were obtained from the Chinese Disease Surveillance Points system. Trends and geographic differentials were examined using multilevel negative binomial regression models to explore spatiotemporal variation in suicide, and the role of key sociodemographic factors associated with suicide.ResultsThe suicide rate (per 100 000) in China decreased from 14.7 to 9.1, 2006–2012. Rates of suicide were higher in males than females and increased substantially with age. Suicide rates were higher in rural areas compared with urban areas; however, urban–rural disparities reduced over time with a faster decline for rural areas. Within both urban and rural areas, higher rates of suicide were evident in areas with lower socio-economic circumstances (SEC) [rate ratio (RR) 1.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.31–2.62]. Suicide rates varied more than twofold (median RR 2.06) across counties, and were highest in central and southwest regions of China. A high proportion of the divorced population, especially for younger females, was associated with lower suicide rates (RR 0.60, 95% CI 0.46–0.79).ConclusionsGeographic variations for suicide should be taken into account in policy making, particularly for older males living in rural areas and urban areas with low SEC. Measures to reduce disparities in socio-economic level and alleviate family relation stress are current priorities.
The relationship between external temperature and daily activity in a large rodent (Dasyprocta azarae) in the Brazilian Pantanal
Authors: Cid Bruno , Oliveira-Santos Luiz Gustavo R. , Mourão Guilherme 
Published: July 2015

Abstract:Daily activity patterns reflect interactions between circadian mechanisms and environmental stimuli. Among these stimuli, temperature can be an important factor affecting activity budgets. To sample the agouti (Dasyprocta azarae), a systematic camera-trap grid was established with 50 independent sampling sites. A circular kernel function was used to characterize the activity patterns of the agouti population. To evaluate shifts in activity as a function of mean daily temperature, the entire set of records was subdivided into smaller sets covering different temperature ranges. The activity pattern belonging to each set was characterized and compared through the overlap of their full activity (95% isopleth) and activity core (50% isopleth). Based on 400 independent records, agoutis were predominately diurnal. They shifted their activity core, while keeping their activity range (the amount of time a population remains active during the 24-h cycle) constant through the temperature gradient. The agouti demonstrated a unimodal activity pattern at lower temperatures, which became more bimodal at higher temperatures. Nevertheless, it kept its activity range constant, regardless of temperature. These results likely reflect a trade-off between activity time and thermoregulation during the diurnal period and demonstrate how the agouti can change its behaviour to achieve thermal comfort.
Size and spatial correlation of defective domains in yttrium-doped CeO2
Authors: Checchia Stefano , Scavini Marco , Allieta Mattia , Brunelli Michela , Ferrero Claudio , Coduri Mauro 
Published: July 2015

The size of dopant-rich nanodomains was assessed in four samples of Ce1−μYμO2−μ/2 through systematic pair distribution function (PDF) refinements. Experimental G(r) curves were fitted by different structural models with the aim of finding a description which balanced precise structure parameterization and reasonable number of parameters. The most reliable model was a single Y2O3-like phase, which best accommodated to the close relationship between the fluorite (CeO2-like) and C-type (Y2O3-like) structures. In this model, a refined cation coordinate, x(M2), measured the relative occurrence in the G(r) of the chemical environment of Y and Ce at any value of r. The r-value at which x(M2) vanished, i.e. at which the refined C-type cell becomes a redundant, low-symmetry description of a fluorite cell, was assumed as the size of a C-type domain. Subtle features in G(r) could be attributed to the fluorite or C-type phase up to ~500 Å thanks to the narrow instrumental resolution function of the ID31 beamline (now ID22) at the ESRF, which allows us to get high resolution PDF data.
Detection of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus pseudintermediusST169 and novel ST354 SCCmecII–III isolates related to the worldwide ST71 clone
Authors: ISHIHARA K. , KOIZUMI A. , SAITO M. , MURAMATSU Y. , TAMURA Y. 
Published: July 2015

SUMMARYThe recent appearance of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus pseudintermedius(MRSP) is a concern for both veterinary and human healthcare. MRSP clonal lineages with sequence type (ST) 71-spat02-staphylococcal cassette chromosomemec(SCCmec) II–III and ST68-spat06-SCCmecV have spread throughout Europe and North America, respectively. The current study compared the molecular characteristics of 43 MRSP isolates from dogs in Japan with those of MRSP from previous reports using multilocus sequence typing based on seven housekeeping genes, SCCmectyping, and detection of antimicrobial resistance genes. Three related clonal lineages, ST71, ST169, and the newly registered ST354, were observed in SCCmecII–III isolates from Japan, despite MRSP SCCmecII–III isolates being thought to belong to a single clonal lineage. The majority of SCCmecII–III isolates belonging to ST169 (9/11) and ST354 (3/3), but not ST71 (0/11), harbouredtetM. Four STs were observed for the SCCmecV isolates; however, neither ST68 nor related STs were found in the Japanese MRSP isolates. In conclusion, MRSP SCCmecII–III isolates from Japan belonged to ST71 and related STs (ST169 and ST354). A variety of MRSP SCCmecV clones, including some novel clones, were identified.
Exertional Heat Illness: Emerging Concepts and Advances in Prehospital Care
Authors: Pryor Riana R. , Roth Ronald N. , Suyama Joe , Hostler David 
Published: July 2015

AbstractExertional heat illness is a classification of disease with clinical presentations that are not always diagnosed easily. Exertional heat stroke is a significant cause of death in competitive sports, and the increasing popularity of marathons races and ultra-endurance competitions will make treating many heat illnesses more common for Emergency Medical Services (EMS) providers. Although evidence is available primarily from case series and healthy volunteer studies, the consensus for treating exertional heat illness, coupled with altered mental status, is whole body rapid cooling. Cold or ice water immersion remains the most effective treatment to achieve this goal. External thermometry is unreliable in the context of heat stress and direct internal temperature measurement by rectal or esophageal probes must be used when diagnosing heat illness and during cooling. With rapid recognition and implementation of effective cooling, most patients suffering from exertional heat stroke will recover quickly and can be discharged home with instructions to rest and to avoid heat stress and exercise for a minimum of 48 hours; although, further research pertaining to return to activity is warranted.PryorRR,RothRN,SuyamaJ,HostlerD.Exertional heat illness: emerging concepts and advances in prehospital care.Prehosp Disaster Med.2015;30(3):19.
Characterisation of anaemia and associated factors among infants and pre-schoolers from rural India
Authors: Nair Krishnapillai Madhavan , Fernandez-Rao Sylvia , Nagalla Balakrishna , Kankipati Radhakrishna Vijaya , Punjal Ravinder , Augustine Little Flower , Hurley Kristen M , Tilton Nicholas , Harding Kimberly B , Reinhart Greg , Black Maureen M 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectiveIn India, national databases indicate anaemia prevalence of 80 % among 6–35-month-old children and 58 % among 36–59-month-old children. The present study aimed to characterise anaemia and the associated factors among infants and pre-schoolers living in rural India.DesignMultivariate logistic regression analysis of data collected prior to an intervention trial. Fe-deficiency with anaemia (IDA), Fe deficiency with no anaemia (IDNA) and anaemia without Fe deficiency were defined. Serum ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) and sTfR/log ferritin index were used to indicate Fe status.SettingTwenty-six villages of Nalgonda district, Telangana, India. Data were collected in community sites.ParticipantsFour hundred and seventy-six infants (aged 6–12 months), 316 pre-schoolers (aged 29–56 months) and their mothers.ResultsPrevalence of anaemia among infants and pre-schoolers was 66·4 and 47·8 %, prevalence of IDA was 52·2 and 42·1 %, prevalence of IDNA was 22·2 and 29·8 %, prevalence of anaemia without Fe deficiency was 14·2 and 5·7 %. Among infants, anaemia was positively associated with maternal anaemia (OR=3·31; 95 % CI 2·10, 5·23;P<0·001), and sTfR/log ferritin index (OR=2·21; 95 % CI 1·39, 3·54;P=0·001). Among pre-schoolers, anaemia was positively associated with maternal anaemia (OR=3·77; 95 % CI 1·94, 7·30;P<0·001), sTfR/log ferritin index (OR=5·29; 95 % CI 2·67, 10·50;P<0·001), high C-reactive protein (OR=4·39; 95 % CI 1·91, 10·06,P<0·001) and young age (29–35 months: OR=1·92; 05 % CI 1·18, 3·13,P=0·009).ConclusionsAnaemia prevalence continues to be high among infants and pre-schoolers in rural India. Based on sTfR/ferritin index, Fe deficiency is a major factor associated with anaemia. Anaemia is also associated with inflammation among pre-schoolers and with maternal anaemia among infants and pre-schoolers, illustrating the importance of understanding the aetiology of anaemia in designing effective control strategies.