bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional properties of carotenoids originating from algae
Authors: Christaki Efterpi , Bonos Eleftherios , Giannenas Ilias , Florou‐Paneri Panagiota 
Published: September 2012

AbstractCarotenoids are isoprenoid molecules which are synthesised de novo by photosynthetic plants, fungi and algae and are responsible for the orange, yellow and some red colours of various fruits and vegetables. Carotenoids are lipophilic compounds, some of which act as provitamins A. These compounds can be divided into xanthophylls and carotenes. Many macroalgae and microalgae are rich in carotenoids, where these compounds aid in the absorption of sunlight. Industrially, these carotenoids are used as food pigments (in dairy products, beverages, etc.), as feed additives, in cosmetics and in pharmaceuticals, especially nowadays when there is an increasing demand by consumers for natural products. Production of carotenoids from algae has many advantages compared to other sources; for example, their production is cheap, easy and environmentally friendly; their extraction is easier, with higher yields, and there is no lack of raw materials or limited seasonal variation. Recently, there has been considerable interest in dietary carotenoids with respect to their antioxidant properties and their ability to reduce the incidence of some chronic diseases where free radicals are involved. Possibly, carotenoids protect cells from oxidative stress by quenching singlet oxygen damage with various mechanisms. Therefore, carotenoids derived from algae could be a leading natural resource in the research for potential functional ingredients. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Percutaneous laser ablation under ultrasound guidance for fetal hyperechogenic microcystic lung lesions with hydrops: a single center cohort and a literature review
Authors: Ruano Rodrigo , da Silva Marcos Marques , Salustiano Eugenia Maria Assunção , Kilby Mark David , Tannuri Uenis , Zugaib Marcelo 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the perinatal outcomes in hydropic fetuses with congenital microcystic pulmonary lesions that underwent percutaneous, invasive, laser therapy.MethodThis retrospective study reviews the literature and our experience between 2004 and 2010. Characteristics of the cystic lung lesions, liquor volume (presence of polyhydramnios or not), localization of ablation (vascular vs interstitial) and gestational age at which the procedure was performed were related to outcome (survival).ResultsIn total, 16 fetuses with congenital lung lesions underwent ‘invasive’ percutaneous laser ablation, seven performed in our center and nine published cases. Survival rate was higher in fetuses with a subsequent postnatal diagnosis of bronchopulmonary sequestration (87.5%) compared with congenital adenomatoid malformation (28.6%; p = 0.04). The technique of vascular ablation was more successful (100%) than interstitial ablation (25.0%, p < 0.01).ConclusionPercutaneous vascular laser ablation seems to be effective for bronchopulmonary sequestration in hydropic fetuses. Outcomes were worst following interstitial ablation for microcystic congenital adenomatoid with hydrops. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The combination of plumbagin with androgen withdrawal causes profound regression of prostate tumors in vivo
Authors: Abedinpour Parisa , Baron Véronique T. , Chrastina Adrian , Welsh John , Borgström Per 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDHormonal ablation is the standard treatment for disseminated androgen‐dependent prostate cancer. Although tumor growth is controlled at first, the tumor invariably recurs in the form of castration‐resistant prostate cancer. This study assessed the efficacy of a new therapeutic strategy that combines plumbagin, a naturally occurring naphthoquinone, with androgen ablation.METHODSViewing microscopy chambers were placed in the dorsal skinfold of mice. Syngeneic prostate tissue was grafted within the chambers and allowed to vascularize. H2B‐GFP/PTEN‐P2 prostate cancer cells were co‐implanted on top of the grafted prostate tissue. Androgen ablation was achieved using surgical castration. Intact and castrated mice were administered plumbagin or sham treatment. Tumor growth, mitosis and apoptosis were monitored in real‐time using fluorescent Intra‐Vital Microscopy. The mechanism of action of plumbagin was explored using human and mouse prostate cancer cells.RESULTSWhereas both plumbagin and castration alone impeded tumor growth, only the combination of plumbagin and castration caused profound tumor regression in vivo, mostly due to increased apoptosis of the tumor cells. The cytotoxicity of plumbagin was not affected by androgens in vitro, suggesting that microenvironmental factors not present in culture play a crucial role in the combination effect. Plumbagin‐induced cell death was mediated, at least in part, by activation of ERK and was due to generation of reactive oxygen species, because it was abolished by the anti‐oxidant N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine.CONCLUSIONAndrogen deprivation in combination with plumbagin may provide a significant improvement over androgen deprivation alone and deserves further evaluation. Prostate 73: 489–499, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sensitivity of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Bals.‐Criv.) Vuill. to selected herbicides
Authors: Kos Katarina , Celar Franci A 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe in vitro effect of six commonly used herbicides viz., amidosulfuron, dicamba, metribuzin, pyridate, S‐metolachlor and tembotrione on mycelial growth of entomopathogenic fungus Beauveriabassiana (ATCC 74040) was investigated. Mycelial growthrates at 15 and 25°C were evaluated on PDA plates containing 100, 75, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25 and 0% of the recommended application rate of each selected herbicide. The tested herbicides were classified in 4 scoring categories based on reduction of mycelial growth in toxicity tests.RESULTSAll six herbicides had a fungistatic effect of varying intensities, dependent on their rate in medium, on B. bassiana. The present study showed that B. bassiana is sensitive to all tested herbicides, particularly at recommended as well as lower field rates. Metribuzin, S‐metolachlor and tembotrione had a strong fungistatic effect on mycelial growth even at rates 25 and 12.5%.Pyridate was slightly harmful, depending on the rate and temperature. Dicamba and amidosulfuron had slight effect on mycelial growth. Sporulation and conidial germination of B. bassiana were significantly inhibited by all tested herbicides. Amidosulfuron and dicamba, both at 100% rate, had the lowest inhibitory effect on sporulation, i.e. 24% and 44%, respectively. Other herbicides in test showed much higher inhibitory effect on sporulation (69–95%). With exception of dicamba with 33% of conidial germination inhibition all other herbicides in test inhibited conidial germination for 70–100%. At 200% dosage, inhibition rates even increased.CONCLUSIONOf all tested herbicides, amidosulfuron and dicamba showed the least adverse effects and are therefore probably compatible with B. bassiana in the field.© 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
The learning curve of robotic lobectomy
Authors: Meyer Mark , Gharagozloo Farid , Tempesta Barbara , Margolis Marc , Strother Eric , Christenson Douglas 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundRobotic lobectomy has been shown to be feasible, safe and oncologically efficacious. The actual learning curve of robotic lobectomy has yet to be defined. This study was designed to define the learning curve of robotic lobectomy.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of prospectively accrued patients at our institution who underwent robotic lobectomy from January 2004 until December 2011. Six scatter graphs were constructed, comparing operative time, conversion rate, morbidity, mortality, length of stay and surgeon comfort with the number of consecutive cases. In each graph, a regression trendline was drawn and the change in the slope of the curve corresponding to the beginning of the plateau defined the learning curve. The overall learning curve was defined as mean ± SD of the sum of the individual learning curves.ResultsBased on operative times, mortality and surgeon comfort, the overall learning curve was 18 ± 3 cases. The learning curve based on operative times, mortality and surgeon comfort was 15, 20 and 19 cases, respectively. There was no association between the need for conversion and number of consecutive cases. There was a trend towards lower morbidity and decreased length of stay with greater experience. However, these parameters did not define a specific learning curve.ConclusionsOperative time, mortality and surgeon comfort were found to be key parameters for the learning curve of robotic lobectomy when performed by surgeons who are experienced with video‐assisted thoracic surgery (VATS). The learning curve was 18 ± 3 cases. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Concise Review: Spermatogenesis in an Artificial Three-Dimensional System
Authors: Mahmoud Huleihel 
Published: September 2012

AbstractCulture of spermatogonial stem cells has been performed under a variety of conditions. Most featured two-dimensional systems, with different types of sera, conditioned media, feeder layers, and growth factors. Some have used three-dimensional (3D) matrices produced from gelatin, collagen, or other material. In spite of their increasingly sophisticated composition, however, complete spermatogenesis in vitro has not yet been achieved. In the seminiferous tubules, spermatogenesis occurs in an environment where cells are embedded in a 3D structure with specific niches regulating each stage of germ cell maturation mediated by hormones and paracrine/autocrine factors. We have recently reported achievement of complete in vitro spermatogenesis of mouse testicular germ cells in a 3D culture system featuring a soft agar matrix. This review discusses the advantages of the 3D culture system for studying the spermatogenic process in its entirety. Also discussed are the steps necessary to expand the applicability of the 3D culture system to human germ cell development and determine the functionality of culture-produced spermatozoa for generating offspring.
Three-dimensional instabilities in tornado-like vortices with secondary circulations
Authors: Nolan David S. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractTornadoes and other intense atmospheric vortices are known to occasionally transition to a flow structure with multiple vortices within their larger circulations. This phenomenon has long been ascribed to fluid dynamical instability of the inner-core circulation, and many previous studies have diagnosed low-wavenumber unstable modes in tornado-like vortices that resemble the observed structures. However, relatively few of these studies have incorporated the strong vertical motions of the inner-core circulation into the stability analysis, and no stability analyses have been performed using a complete, frictionally driven secondary circulation with strong radial inflow near the surface. Stability analyses are presented using the complete circulations generated from idealized simulations of tornado-like vortices. Fast-growing unstable modes are found that are consistent with the asymmetric structures present in these simulations. Attempts to correlate the structures and locations of these modes with instability conditions for vortices with axial jets derived by Howard & Gupta and by Leibovich & Stewartson produce only mixed results. Analyses of perturbation energy growth show that interactions between eddy fluxes and the radial shear of the azimuthal wind contribute very little to the growth of the dominant modes. Rather, the radial shear of the vertical wind and the vertical shear of the vertical wind (corresponding to deformation in the axial direction) are the primary energy sources for perturbation growth. Relatively weak axisymmetric instabilities are also identified that have some similarity to symmetric oscillations that have been observed in tornadoes.
Morphology and surface topography of the schistosome Bivitellobilharzia nairi from the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus maximus) in Sri Lanka
Authors: Rajapakse R.P.V.J. , Iwagami M. , Wickramasinghe S. , Walker S.M. , Agatsuma T. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBivitellobilharzia nairi was first recorded from an Indian elephant (Elephas maximus) in Berlin. Infections with this parasite have become increasingly important in E. maximus maximus populations in Sri Lanka. The present work is the first morphological description of this schistosome from Sri Lanka. A number of adult worms were recovered from a dead Asian elephant near the elephant orphanage, Pinnawala, in Sri Lanka. The observed clinical features of the infected elephant included emaciation, subventral oedema and anaemia. Post-mortem results indicated that the liver was enlarged and adult schistosomes were found in the blood vessels of the liver parenchyma. The total number of worms recovered from a portion of the liver was 129,870, which is an average of 22 worms per 100 g of liver. The present study uses both light microscopic and scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques for the morphological and topographical characterization of this parasite and to permit comparison with other species of schistosomes. Morphologically, these worms correspond very well to the description of B. nairi by Dutt & Srivastava (1955). Moreover, it is clear that B. nairi is a distinctive species easily differentiated from other schistosomes. The SEM study of the tegument of male worms shows that the surface of B. nairi is smoother than in other schistosomes.
Observation of equatorial nighttime medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances in 630‐nm airglow images over 7 years
Authors: Fukushima D. , Shiokawa K. , Otsuka Y. , Ogawa T. 
Published: September 2012

We report on nighttime medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) observed at Kototabang, Indonesia (geographic longitude: 100.3°E; geographic latitude: 0.2°S; and geomagnetic latitude: 10.6°S) during a 7‐year period from October 2002 to October 2009. MSTIDs were observed in 630‐nm nighttime airglow images by using a highly sensitive all‐sky airglow imager at Kototabang. The averages and standard deviations of horizontal phase velocity, period, and horizontal wavelength of MSTIDs observed during the 7 years were 320 ± 170 m/s, 42 ± 11 min, and 790 ± 440 km, respectively. The occurrence rate of the observed MSTIDs decreased with decreasing solar activity. The average horizontal wavelength of MSTIDs increased with decreasing solar activity. Southward MSTIDs were dominant throughout the 7 years of observations. These facts are consistent with the hypothesis that the observed MSTIDs are caused by gravity waves in the thermosphere. Moreover, we compared the propagation directions of the observed MSTIDs with the locations of tropospheric convection activity for the events where gravity waves producing the observed MSTIDs could have existed in the lower atmosphere. Strong tropospheric convection was found within ±30 degrees from the source directions of MSTIDs in 81% of the MSTID events. In such events, gravity waves were possibly generated from deep convection in the troposphere and directly propagated into the thermosphere.
Mentoring as a Communication Coach in a Public School Setting
Authors: George Catherine , Warren Faye 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
People using speech generating devices face many challenges, one of which is the lack of role models. They seldom have the opportunity to meet and interact with other proficient SGD users. This article addresses key considerations for initiating an AAC mentoring position as a Communication Coach in a public school setting. Outcomes and considerations to facilitate the likelihood of success are discussed from both administrative and mentor perspectives.
Relying on Fin Erosion to Identify Hatchery-Reared Brown Trout in a Tennessee River
Authors: Meerbeek Jonathan R. , Bettoli Phillip W. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Hatchery-induced fin erosion can be used to identify recently stocked catchable-size brown trout Salmo trutta during annual surveys to qualitatively estimate contributions to a fishery. However, little is known about the longevity of this mark and its effectiveness as a short-term (≤1 year) mass-marking technique. We evaluated hatchery-induced pectoral fin erosion as a mass-marking technique for short-term stocking evaluations by stocking microtagged brown trout in a tailwater and repeatedly sampling those fish to observe and measure their pectoral fins. At Dale Hollow National Fish Hatchery, 99.1% (228 of 230) of microtagged brown trout in outdoor concrete raceways had eroded pectoral fins 1 d prior to stocking. Between 34 and 68 microtagged and 26–35 wild brown trout were collected during eight subsequent electrofishing samples. In a blind test based on visual examination of pectoral fins at up to 322 d poststocking, one observer correctly identified 91.7% to 100.0% (mean of 96.9%) of microtagged brown trout prior to checking for microtags. In the laboratory, pectoral fin length and width measurements were recorded to statistically compare the fin measurements of wild and microtagged hatchery brown trout. With only one exception, all pectoral fin measurements on each date averaged significantly larger for wild trout than for microtagged brown trout. Based on the number of pectoral fin measurements falling below 95% prediction intervals, 93.7% (148 of 158) of microtagged trout were correctly identified as hatchery fish based on regression models up to 160 d poststocking. Only 72.2% (70 of 97) of microtagged trout were identified correctly after 160 d based on pectoral fin measurements and the regression models. We concluded that visual examination of pectoral fin erosion was a very effective way to identify stocked brown trout for up to 322 d poststocking.
Received January 27, 2012; accepted May 7, 2012
MeDIP-HMM: genome-wide identification of distinct DNA methylation states from high-density tiling arrays
Authors: Seifert Michael , Cortijo Sandra , Colomé-Tatché Maria , Johannes Frank , Roudier François , Colot Vincent 
Published: September 2012

AbstractMotivation: Methylation of cytosines in DNA is an important epigenetic mechanism involved in transcriptional regulation and preservation of genome integrity in a wide range of eukaryotes. Immunoprecipitation of methylated DNA followed by hybridization to genomic tiling arrays (MeDIP-chip) is a cost-effective and sensitive method for methylome analyses. However, existing bioinformatics methods only enable a binary classification into unmethylated and methylated genomic regions, which limit biological interpretations. Indeed, DNA methylation levels can vary substantially within a given DNA fragment depending on the number and degree of methylated cytosines. Therefore, a method for the identification of more than two methylation states is highly desirable.Results: Here, we present a three-state hidden Markov model (MeDIP-HMM) for analyzing MeDIP-chip data. MeDIP-HMM uses a higher-order state-transition process improving modeling of spatial dependencies between chromosomal regions, allows a simultaneous analysis of replicates and enables a differentiation between unmethylated, methylated and highly methylated genomic regions. We train MeDIP-HMM using a Bayesian Baum–Welch algorithm, integrating prior knowledge on methylation levels. We apply MeDIP-HMM to the analysis of the Arabidopsis root methylome and systematically investigate the benefit of using higher-order HMMs. Moreover, we also perform an in-depth comparison study with existing methods and demonstrate the value of using MeDIP-HMM by comparisons to current knowledge on the Arabidopsis methylome. We find that MeDIP-HMM is a fast and precise method for the analysis of methylome data, enabling the identification of distinct DNA methylation levels. Finally, we provide evidence for the general applicability of MeDIP-HMM by analyzing promoter DNA methylation data obtained for chicken.Availability: MeDIP-HMM is available as part of the open-source Java library Jstacs (www.jstacs.de/index.php/MeDIP-HMM). Data files are available from the Jstacs website.Contact: seifert@ipk-gatersleben.deSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
ITQs in Swedish demersal fisheries
Authors: Waldo Staffan , Paulrud Anton 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Waldo, S., and Paulrud, A. 2013. ITQs in Swedish demersal fisheries. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70:68–77. Individual transferable quota (ITQ) is a management measure that is widely discussed, not least in the reform of the European Common Fisheries Policy. While the system is expected to reduce overcapacity and improve economic performance, questions are raised concerning the future of small-scale fisheries. This paper uses a model for Swedish fisheries (the Swedish Resource Rent Model for the Commercial Fisheries, SRRMCF) where the economics and fleet structure in a potential Swedish ITQ-system are analysed. The model is an optimization model based on linear programming and data from the European Union's data collection framework. The modelling approach can readily be used by other member states. Three main conclusions can be drawn on how ITQs will affect fisheries: The fishing fleet measured in number of vessels will decrease by approximately 30–50%.Profitability will increase so that the fishing industry will be able to provide competitive wages and make a financial contribution to fisheries management.The system can be designed so that small-scale fisheries are not disadvantaged.
Low neutral genetic variability in a specialist puffin hunter: the Norwegian Lundehund
Authors: Melis Claudia , Borg Åsa A. , Espelien Ingvild S. , Jensen Henrik 
Published: September 2012

SummaryThe genetic variability of 125 Norwegian Lundehund and 27 Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever was analysed using a set of 26 microsatellite markers. In Lundehund, the average number of alleles per locus was 1.73, and average observed (HO) and expected (HE) heterozygosity were 0.07. In Toller, all measures of genetic diversity were much higher than in Lundehund and similar to studies on other dog breeds. The cluster analysis correctly assigned individuals to their respective breed. The low genetic variability in Lundehund was not surprising, given the two strong bottlenecks in the 1940s and the 1960s. The relatedness of Lundehund to other Nordic small spitzes should be investigated in the view of possible outcrossing.