bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reasons for Treatment Changes in Patients With Moderate to Severe Psoriasis
Authors: Anderson Kathryn L. , Feldman Steven R. 
Published: March 2015

Background: Psoriasis treatment involves multiple treatment arms. Treatment choice depends on many factors and may change, due to the chronicity of psoriasis. Objective: The purpose of our study is to explore reasons for treatment changes in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis. Methods: Ten charts of patients with moderate to severe psoriasis were reviewed. The medication changes and reasons for change were extracted. A “treatment change” was defined as switching between medication classes, adding or removing a medication class, or switching medications within the oral or biologic medication class. Results: Seventy-seven treatment changes were identified. On average, 1 treatment change occurred per year of follow-up. The most common reason for treatment change was inadequate disease control. Conclusions: Inadequate disease control with current therapy is the most common reason a physician changes treatment for moderate to severe psoriasis. More efficacious treatments or ways to improve efficacy may help improve the long-term outcomes of psoriasis.
Primary Cutaneous Carcinosarcoma of the Basal Cell Subtype Should Be Treated as a High-Risk Basal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Bourgeault Emilie , Alain Jimmy , Gagné Eric 
Published: March 2015

Background: Cutaneous carcinosarcoma is a rare primary tumor of the skin, characterized by biphasic epithelial and mesenchymal differentiation. Objective: Due to the limited number of cases reported, there is no consensus regarding treatment and prognosis. Some authors suggest that cutaneous carcinosarcomas should be viewed as aggressive tumors, with ancillary imaging used to evaluate potential metastatic disease. Other reports demonstrate an indolent disease course, especially with epidermal-type cutaneous carcinosarcomas. Methods: We report a case of cutaneous carcinosarcoma, which we treated with electrodessication and curettage following a shave biopsy. The tumor had an epithelial component resembling a basal cell carcinoma and a fibrosarcomatous stroma. Results: At 1-year follow-up, our patient did not show evidence of recurrence or metastasis. Conclusions: Our case suggests that a cutaneous carcinosarcoma with an epithelial component composed of basal cell carcinoma can be regarded as a high-risk nonmelanoma skin cancer.
The early learning of interlingual correspondence rules in receptive multilingualism
Authors: Vanhove Jan 
Published: March 2015

Aims and objectives: This article investigates whether learners are able to quickly discover simple, systematic graphemic correspondence rules between their L1 and an unknown but closely related language in a setting of receptive multilingualism. Design: Eighty L1 German speakers participated in a translation task with written Dutch words, most of which had a German cognate. In the first part of the translation task, participants were shown 48 Dutch words, among which either 10 cognates containing the digraph ‹oe› (always corresponding to a German word with ‹u›) or 10 cognates with the digraph ‹ij› (corresponding to German ‹ei›). During this part, participants were given feedback in the form of the correct translation. In the second (feedback-free) part of the task, participants were shown another 150 Dutch words, among which 21 cognates with ‹oe› and 21 cognates with ‹ij›. Data and analysis: The participants’ German translations of ‹oe› and ‹ij› cognates in the second part were coded for the presence of ‹u› and ‹ei›, respectively. The data were then analyzed in generalized linear mixed models. Data and R code are available online. Findings: Participants who encountered ‹oe› or ‹ij› cognates in the first part were more likely to translate ‹oe› or ‹ij› cognates using German words containing ‹u› or ‹ei›, respectively, in the second part compared to their respective controls, suggesting that correspondence rule learning had taken place. Learning effects during the second part, i.e. in the absence of explicit feedback, were more modest. Originality: This study provides the first direct experimental evidence of interlingual correspondence rule learning during a receptive multilingualism task. Significance: These findings pave the way towards investigations of the learning of more complex, less systematic correspondence rules that are nonetheless of great importance in receptive multilingualism.
Refashioning sociological imagination: Linguality, visuality and the iconic turn in cultural sociology
Authors: Bartmanski Dominik 
Published: March 2015

One of the key challenges of meaning-centred cultural sociology is facing the findings of contemporary anthropology, archaeology, art history and material culture studies. Specifically, the increasingly pressing task is to recognize the sociological limitations of the semiotic framework laid bare by those disciplines. The traditional structuralist focus on discursive codes and the assumption of arbitrariness of cultural sign is of limited service in understanding the power of complex representational economies and especially in the task of explaining its variability. The language- and communication-centred framework downplays the fact that many signifiers credited with causal social power are inescapably embedded in open-ended but not arbitrary patterns of material signification. There is ample evidence delivered by the recent studies within the aforementioned fields that such signifiers are ‘not just the garb of meaning’, to use the insightful phrase of Webb Keane. Rather, the significatory patterns and their material and sensuous entanglements co-constitute meanings that inform social action. Therefore, more integrative and multidimensional models of culture in action are needed. Some specific explanatory models have been explicitly formulated by a series of intertwined conceptual ‘turns’ in human sciences: material, performative, spatial and iconic, among others. By showing that meanings are always embedded in and enacted by the concrete assemblages of materiality and corporeality, they enable sociologists to transcend the linguistic bias of classical structuralist hermeneutics. This paper discusses the importance of iconicity for developing such an integrative perspective without abandoning some constitutive insights of the linguistic turn. I focus on the transformative works of contemporary scholars like Daniel Miller, Webb Keane, Ian Hodder, and Jeffrey Alexander, as well as on my own research, to illustrate the implications of the aforementioned paradigmatic ‘turns’. In particular, I aim at elaborating a key principle of material culture studies: different orders of semiosis are differently subject to determination and/or autonomous logic of the cultural text. As a result, differently structured signifiers are responsive to distinct modes of ‘social construction’ and historical transformation. We need to keep paying attention to the Austinian question of how to do things with words, but we cannot keep doing it as if things social were at the same time not done with images, objects, places, and bodies and all that their specific character and use imply. Fleshing out the so-expanded sociological imagination helps us to activate the full potential of understanding and explanation that the concept of culture possesses, and thus, to decisively turn culture on.
The European technical report on aquatic effect-based monitoring tools under the water framework directive
Authors: Wernersson Ann-Sofie , Carere Mario , Maggi Chiara , Tusil Petr , Soldan Premysl , James Alice , Sanchez Wilfried , Dulio Valeria , Broeg Katja , Reifferscheid Georg , Buchinger Sebastian , Maas Hannie , Van Der Grinten Esther , O’Toole Simon , Ausili Antonella , Manfra Loredana , Marziali Laura , Polesello Stefano , Lacchetti Ines , Mancini Laura , Lilja Karl , Linderoth Maria , Lundeberg Tove , Fjällborg Bengt , Porsbring Tobias , Larsson DG Joakim , Bengtsson-Palme Johan , Förlin Lars , Kienle Cornelia , Kunz Petra , Vermeirssen Etienne , Werner Inge , Robinson Craig D , Lyons Brett , Katsiadaki Ioanna , Whalley Caroline , den Haan Klaas , Messiaen Marlies , Clayton Helen , Lettieri Teresa , Carvalho Raquel Negrão , Gawlik Bernd Manfred , Hollert Henner , Di Paolo Carolina , Brack Werner , Kammann Ulrike , Kase Robert 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The Water Framework Directive (WFD), 2000/60/EC, requires an integrated approach to the monitoring and assessment of the quality of surface water bodies. The chemical status assessment is based on compliance with legally binding Environmental Quality Standards (EQSs) for selected chemical pollutants (priority substances) of EU-wide concern. In the context of the mandate for the period 2010 to 2012 of the subgroup Chemical Monitoring and Emerging Pollutants (CMEP) under the Common Implementation Strategy (CIS) for the WFD, a specific task was established for the elaboration of a technical report on aquatic effect-based monitoring tools. The activity was chaired by Sweden and co-chaired by Italy and progressively involved several Member States and stakeholders in an EU-wide drafting group. The main aim of this technical report was to identify potential effect-based tools (e.g. biomarkers and bioassays) that could be used in the context of the different monitoring programmes (surveillance, operational and investigative) linking chemical and ecological status assessment. The present paper summarizes the major technical contents and findings of the report.
Postoperative pneumonia following cardiac surgery in non-ventilated patients versus mechanically ventilated patients: is there any difference?
Authors: Allou Nicolas , Allyn Jerome , Snauwaert Aurélie , Welsch Camille , Lucet Jean Christophe , Kortbaoui Rita , Desmard Mathieu , Augustin Pascal , Montravers Philippe 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Introduction
No studies have compared ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and non-VAP following cardiac surgery (CS). The aim of this study was to assess the incidence, clinical and microbiologic features, treatment characteristics and prognosis of postoperative pneumonia following CS with a special focus on non-VAP.

Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study based on a prospectively collected database. We compared cases of non-VAP and VAP following CS observed between January 2005 and December 2012. Statistical analysis consisted of bivariate and multivariate analysis.

Results
A total of 257 (3.5%) of 7,439 consecutive CS patients developed postoperative pneumonia, including 120 (47%) cases of non-VAP. Patients with VAP had more frequent history of congestive heart failure (31% vs. 17%, P = 0.006) and longer duration of cardiopulmonary bypass (105 vs 76 min, P < 0.0001), than patients with non-VAP. No significant differences were observed between the 2 groups in terms of the types of microorganisms isolated with high proportions of Enterobacteriaceae (35%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (20.2%) and Haemophilus spp (20.2%), except for a lower proportion of Methicillin-susceptible S. aureus in the non-VAP group (3.2% vs 7.9%, P = 0.03). In the intensive care unit, patients with non-VAP had lower sequential organ failure assessment scores than patients with VAP (8 ± 3 versus 9 ± 3, P = 0.004). On multivariate analysis, in-hospital mortality was similar in both groups (32% in the non-VAP group and 42% in the VAP group, adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR): 1.4; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.7-2.5; P = 0.34) and appropriate empiric antibiotic therapy was associated with a reduction of in-hospital mortality (aOR: 0.4; 95% CI: 0.2-1; P = 0.05). Piperacillin/tazobactam or imipenem monotherapy constituted appropriate empiric therapy in the two groups, with values reaching 93% and 95% with no differences between VAP and non-VAP cases.

Conclusions
Intensive care patients with VAP are more severely ill than non-VAP patients following CS. Nevertheless, patients with non-VAP and VAP following CS have similar outcomes. This study suggests that the empiric antibiotic regimen in patients with pneumonia following CS should include at least a broad-spectrum antibiotic targeting non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli, regardless of the type of pneumonia, and targeting S. aureus in VAP patients.
Integrative analyses identify modulators of response to neoadjuvant aromatase inhibitors in patients with early breast cancer
Authors: López-Knowles Elena , Wilkerson Paul M , Ribas Ricardo , Anderson Helen , Mackay Alan , Ghazoui Zara , Rani Aradhana , Osin Peter , Nerurkar Ash , Renshaw Lorna , Larionov Alexey , Miller William R , Dixon J Michael , Reis-Filho Jorge S , Dunbier Anita K , Martin Lesley-Ann , Dowsett Mitch 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are a vital component of estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer treatment. De novo and acquired resistance, however, is common. The aims of this study were to relate patterns of copy number aberrations to molecular and proliferative response to AIs, to study differences in the patterns of copy number aberrations between breast cancer samples pre- and post-AI neoadjuvant therapy, and to identify putative biomarkers for resistance to neoadjuvant AI therapy using an integrative analysis approach.

Methods
Samples from 84 patients derived from two neoadjuvant AI therapy trials were subjected to copy number profiling by microarray-based comparative genomic hybridisation (aCGH, n = 84), gene expression profiling (n = 47), matched pre- and post-AI aCGH (n = 19 pairs) and Ki67-based AI-response analysis (n = 39).

Results
Integrative analysis of these datasets identified a set of nine genes that, when amplified, were associated with a poor response to AIs, and were significantly overexpressed when amplified, including CHKA, LRP5 and SAPS3. Functional validation in vitro, using cell lines with and without amplification of these genes (SUM44, MDA-MB134-VI, T47D and MCF7) and a model of acquired AI-resistance (MCF7-LTED) identified CHKA as a gene that when amplified modulates estrogen receptor (ER)-driven proliferation, ER/estrogen response element (ERE) transactivation, expression of ER-regulated genes and phosphorylation of V-AKT murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 (AKT1).

Conclusions
These data provide a rationale for investigation of the role of CHKA in further models of de novo and acquired resistance to AIs, and provide proof of concept that integrative genomic analyses can identify biologically relevant modulators of AI response.
Reporting and handling of missing data in predictive research for prevalent undiagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review
Authors: Masconi Katya L , Matsha Tandi E , Echouffo-Tcheugui Justin B , Erasmus Rajiv T , Kengne Andre P 
Published: March 2015

AbstractMissing values are common in health research and omitting participants with missing data often leads to loss of statistical power, biased estimates and, consequently, inaccurate inferences. We critically reviewed the challenges posed by missing data in medical research and approaches to address them. To achieve this more efficiently, these issues were analyzed and illustrated through a systematic review on the reporting of missing data and imputation methods (prediction of missing values through relationships within and between variables) undertaken in risk prediction studies of undiagnosed diabetes. Prevalent diabetes risk models were selected based on a recent comprehensive systematic review, supplemented by an updated search of English-language studies published between 1997 and 2014. Reporting of missing data has been limited in studies of prevalent diabetes prediction. Of the 48 articles identified, 62.5% (n = 30) did not report any information on missing data or handling techniques. In 21 (43.8%) studies, researchers opted out of imputation, completing case-wise deletion of participants missing any predictor values. Although imputation methods are encouraged to handle missing data and ensure the accuracy of inferences, this has seldom been the case in studies of diabetes risk prediction. Hence, we elaborated on the various types and patterns of missing data, the limitations of case-wise deletion and state-of the-art methods of imputations and their challenges. This review highlights the inexperience or disregard of investigators of the effect of missing data in risk prediction research. Formal guidelines may enhance the reporting and appropriate handling of missing data in scientific journals.
Cumulative, additive benefits of memantine-donepezil combination over component monotherapies in moderate to severe Alzheimer’s dementia: a pooled area under the curve analysis
Authors: Atri Alireza , Hendrix Suzanne B , Pejović Vojislav , Hofbauer Robert K , Edwards John , Molinuevo José Luis , Graham Stephen M 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Treatment in moderate or severe Alzheimer’s disease (AD) often involves adding memantine to a cholinesterase-inhibitor (ChEI: donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine). Evidence from six-month randomized trials and long-term observational studies supports superiority of memantine-ChEI combination to ChEI monotherapy. We utilized area-under-the-curve (AUC) analysis to assess six-month cumulative treatment efficacy of memantine-donepezil combination versus component monotherapies on individual clinical domains and on a composite index.

Methods
Data were pooled from 1,408 individuals with moderate to severe AD from four six-month randomized trials of memantine monotherapy (n = 570) or add-on therapy (donepezil-only subset: n = 847). AUC changes from baseline on measures of cognition (SIB), function (ADCS-ADL19), behavior (NPI), global status (CIBIC-Plus), and a composite index (4D-CI: equally weighted composite of four domain measures) were calculated using the trapezoidal rule and evaluated via analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) (2-sided-α = 0.05). AUC results were contrasted with visit-by-visit changes from baseline (“snapshot analysis”), performed using a mixed-effects model with repeated measures (MMRM).

Results
Over the entire six-month period, placebo-only treatment was associated with significant cumulative worsening on all outcomes. Memantine-donepezil combination showed significantly greater AUC improvements (point x week) on the SIB, NPI, and CIBIC-Plus than placebo-donepezil (SIB: 68.4 versus 32.0, P = 0.019; NPI: −74.3 versus −28.2, P = 0.003; CIBIC-Plus: −2.5 versus 1.4, P = 0.006) and memantine-only monotherapies (SIB: 68.4 versus 12.0, P <0.001; NPI: −74.3 versus −7.4, P <0.001; CIBIC-Plus: −2.5 versus 2.7, P <0.001), whereas these comparisons were not significant for the ADCS-ADL19 (memantine-donepezil (1.4) versus placebo-donepezil (−0.9), P = 0.407; versus memantine-only (−12.2), P = 0.310). Composite index analysis demonstrated significant cumulative advantages of memantine-donepezil combination (630.0) over placebo-donepezil (344.7, P <0.001) and memantine-only (152.1, P <0.001) treatments. Combining memantine and donepezil had an additive effect. Compared with AUC analysis, baseline-to-endpoint change-score analysis underestimated effects of combination therapy, monotherapies, or both.

Conclusions
This large pooled area-under-the-curve analysis of randomized-trial data in moderate to severe AD provides ecologically valid support that adding memantine to stable donepezil results in overall clinical benefits that are additive compared with individual monotherapies, continue to accumulate through six-month treatment, and are at least 50% greater than those of monotherapies.
Cooperative power control in OFDMA small cell networks
Authors: Nie Gaofeng , Tian Hui , Ren Jiazhi , Wang Jing , Liu Liu , Jiang Huiling 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This paper aims at improving the system throughput of orthogonal frequency division multiple access small cell networks. Different with traditional schemes that neglect the cooperation among small cells, a scheme named as resource block exclusion-based power control (RBEBPC) is proposed by sharing the interference correlated information. RBEBPC consists of two steps that are iteratively conducted. First, based on current power allocation results, partial system resource blocks are excluded by playing the formulated cooperative coalition formation games. Second, the transmission power of each small cell is determined by solving a modified throughput maximization problem after the resource block exclusion. As the generated interference is constrained in the second step, part of the small cells transmit without full power. Thereby, the overall system interference keeps non-increasing after RBEBPC is adopted. Simulation results indicate that about 15% system throughput gain and 13% power saving gain are obtained compared to traditional iterative water filling scheme.
Impact of injection dose, post-reconstruction filtering, and collimator choice on image quality of myocardial perfusion SPECT using cadmium-zinc telluride detectors in the rat
Authors: Mizutani Asuka , Matsunari Ichiro , Kobayashi Masato , Nishi Kodai , Fujita Wataru , Miyazaki Yoshiharu , Nekolla Stephan G , Kawai Keiichi 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

Background
The aims of this study were (1) to evaluate the impact of injection dose, post-reconstruction filtering, and collimator choice on image quality of myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using cadmium-zinc telluride (CZT) detectors and (2) to determine how these factors affect measured infarct size in the in vivo rat.

Methods
Twenty-four healthy and eight myocardial infarct (MI) rats underwent myocardial perfusion SPECT imaging after injection of various doses (25 to 200 MBq) of 99mTc-tetrofosmin using a standard (STD) five-pinhole collimator and high-sensitivity (HS) five-pinhole collimator. Image quality score, contrast-to-noise ratio, sharpness index, coefficient of variation (CV), and measured defect size were assessed as measures of image quality.

Results
The image quality score increased and CV decreased as a function of injection dose. The contrast-to-noise ratio increased and sharpness index decreased as a function of Gaussian kernel size. When STD and HS were compared, HS tended to show higher image quality score and lower CV than STD. The use of post-reconstruction filter significantly improved image quality score and lessened CV. The reproducibility of defect size measurements, as assessed by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), between the collimators was poor-to-moderate (ICC = −0.31~0.57) with low (25 MBq) injection dose and with no or light (1.5-mm kernel size) filtering, whereas it was good-to-excellent (ICC = 0.75~0.97) with high (200 MBq) dose or low dose with heavy (2.5-mm kernel size) filtering. The filtering-related reproducibility was poor (ICC = −0.18~0.17) for STD with low injection dose, whereas it was good-to-excellent (ICC = 0.79~0.89) for HS. Furthermore, there was a filtering-related underestimation of defect size particularly with the use of heavy smoothing.

Conclusions
Appropriate imaging setting is important to obtain high quality images and thereby reliable measurements using a preclinical myocardial SPECT in the rat. When only a low injection dose (25 MBq) is allowed, we would recommend to use HS with light (1.5-mm kernel size) filtering.