bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elektrokonvulsionstherapie unter Zwang im stationären Maßnahmenvollzug
Authors: Machetanz Lena , Pommerehne Michael , Ege Gian , Kassar Madeleine , Habermeyer Elmar , Kirchebner Johannes 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungDie forensische Psychiatrie hat ein Doppelmandat: Sie zielt nicht nur darauf ab, das individuelle Leiden eines Patienten oder einer Patientin zu lindern, sondern auch das Risiko von erneuten Gewalttaten aufgrund der Erkrankung zu reduzieren. Dabei stehen Fachpersonen oft vor der Herausforderung, mit schweren psychiatrischen Erkrankungen umzugehen, die auch auf intensive therapeutische Bemühungen nicht hinreichend ansprechen.In diesem Spannungsfeld liegt die Verantwortung darin, ärztliches Handeln an medizinischen und ethischen Prinzipien auszurichten und gleichzeitig gesetzlichen Vorgaben zu folgen. Anhand eines Fallbeispiels aus der Schweiz wird deutlich gemacht, wie diese Herausforderung konkret werden kann: Die Frage, ob ein psychisch kranker Mensch mit therapierefraktärer Schizophrenie und fehlenden Rehabilitationsperspektiven auch gegen seinen Willen einer Elektrokonvulsionstherapie unterzogen werden darf, wird aus medizinischer, ethischer und juristischer Perspektive beleuchtet.
Prehistorical and historical occurrence and range dynamic of the Eurasian Spoonbill (Platalea leucorodia) and the White Stork (Ciconia ciconia) in Europe
Authors: Schmölcke Ulrich , Thomsen Kai-Michael 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The Eurasian Spoonbill (Platalea leucorodia) and the White Stork (Ciconia ciconia) are emblematic birds of high conservation interest. This article examines their range history in Europe since the end of the last Glacial by analyzing subfossil bone finds of both species, mostly from archaeological excavations. It is shown that two thousand years ago, White Storks occurred exclusively in the territory of the Roman Empire, i.e. the northern border of their distribution ran along the Rhine and Danube rivers. The north-east part of the continent, with its high population density today, was only colonized in the last few centuries. The Spoonbill’s patchy occurrence in Europe today appears to be a typical distribution pattern for this species. The subfossil findings also do not indicate a large, closed distribution area for any phase of the last 10,000 years. Some of its distribution islands (e.g. those in the Netherlands) have existed for thousands of years.
Evolution, perception, and the mind
Authors: Feldman Jerome A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe classical mind–body problem persists as one of the deepest scientific mysteries. Despite the grand claims of the new AI, some of the most basic facts of human vision cannot be explained by current or proposed theories of brain structure and function. This paper reviews some well-known mysteries including the neural binding problem, blind sight, subjective experience and prosthetics. There is continuing progress, but the core mysteries of the mind seem to require fundamental advances for any reductionist resolution.
Family presence during resuscitation: a survey of Japanese physicians’ views
Authors: Tanabe Yuko , Ishikawa Eri , Yamada Tomoaki , Shime Nobuaki , Maeda Shoichi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Aim
This study aimed to clarify physicians’ awareness of and attitudes toward family presence during resuscitation (FPDR) and related factors.

Subject and methods
A web-based questionnaire survey was conducted of 7859 physicians who were members of the Japanese Society of Intensive Care Medicine (survey period: October 12, 2022, to December 31, 2022). Focusing on cardiopulmonary arrest, the survey questioned their awareness and attitudes, with a comparison of exogenous and non-exogenous patients.

Results
The proportion of respondents who have family present during resuscitation was 100 (25.0%) for exogenous and 105 (29.2%) for non-exogenous. The proportion who believed that the family’s acceptance of death is greater with FPDR was 255 (61.7%) for exogenous and 245 (65.7%) for non-exogenous. The proportion who believed that the family’s acceptance of death is greater with FPDR included a significantly higher number of respondents who had family present than in the proportion who believed that FPDR has no effect. The proportion who believed that the family is emotionally traumatized by FPDR was 251 (60.8%) for exogenous and 217 (58.2%) for non-exogenous. The proportion who believed that families are emotionally traumatized by FPDR included a significantly higher number of respondents who do not have family present than the proportion who believed that FPDR has no effect.

Conclusion
Various international resuscitation guidelines have recommended FPDR from an early stage to alleviate grief and prevent mental disorders. However, these guidelines are not always followed in Japan.
AHP based on scenarios and the optimism coefficient for new and risky projects: case of independent criteria
Authors: Gaspars-Wieloch Helena 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAHP is a well-known multi-criteria procedure which has been investigated and developed by many researchers and practitioners. Some AHP modifications are designed for decision making under uncertainty. The goal of this paper is to present a new AHP approach which can be useful in the case of uncertain one-shot decisions and independent criteria. The method proposed in the article is based on scenario planning, features characteristic for the Hurwicz rule (i.e. the use of the optimism coefficient) and on a scenario set reduction. The novel procedure gives the possibility to generate a relatively small number of pairwise comparison matrices thanks to the reduction of the initial sets of scenarios. The modified version of AHP may be helpful when the decision maker’s knowledge about probabilities of the occurrence of particular scenarios is partial. Such a situation occurs in the case of innovative, innovation and risky projects for which historical data are not known. The idea of the suggested scenario-based AHP is to adjust the final choice not only to the decision makers’ preferences (concerning criteria for example), but also to their nature, attitude towards risk, predictions, expectations and fears.
Trends in pancreatic cancer mortality in the United States 1999–2020: a CDC database population-based study
Authors: Didier Alexander J. , Nandwani Swamroop , Fahoury Alan M. , Craig Daniel J. , Watkins Dean , Campbell Andrew , Spencer Caleb T. , Batten Macelyn , Vijendra Divya , Sutton Jeffrey M. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Pancreatic cancer is a significant public health concern and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. This study aimed to investigate pancreatic cancer mortality trends and disparities in the United States (US) from 1999 to 2020.

Methods
Data were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research database. Mortality rates were age-adjusted and standardized to the year 2000 US population. Joinpoint regression was used to analyze temporal trends in age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) by sociodemographic and geographic variables.

Results
Between 1999 and 2020, pancreatic cancer led to a total of 810,628 deaths in the US, an average mortality of nearly 39,000 deaths per year. The AAMR slightly increased from 10.6 in 1999 to 11.1 in 2020, with an associated annual percent change (APC) of 0.2. Mortality rates were highest among individuals aged 65 and older. Black individuals experienced the highest overall pancreatic cancer-related AAMR at 13.8. Despite this, Black individuals experienced a decreasing mortality trend over time (APC −0.2) while White individuals experienced an increasing trend in mortality (APC 0.4). Additionally, individuals residing in rural areas experienced steeper rates of mortality increase than those living in urban areas (APC 0.6 for rural vs −0.2 for urban). White individuals in urban and rural populations experienced an increase in mortality, while Black individuals in urban environments experienced a decrease in mortality, and Black individuals in rural environments experienced stable mortality trends.

Conclusions
Mortality from pancreatic cancer continues to increase in the US, with racial and regional disparities identified in minorities and rural-dwelling individuals. These disparate findings highlight the importance of ongoing efforts to understand and address pancreatic cancer treatment and outcomes disparities in the US, and future studies should further investigate the underlying etiologies of these disparities and potential for novel therapies to reduce the mortality.
Immune responses and immunotherapeutic approaches in the treatment against cancer
Authors: Leong Stanley P 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCancer cells within a population are heterogeneous due to genomic mutations or epigenetic changes. The immune response to cancer especially the T cell repertoire within the cancer microenvionment is important to the control and growth of cancer cells. When a cancer clone breaks through the surveillance of the immune system, it wins the battle to overcome the host’s immune system. In this review, the complicated profile of the cancer microenvironment is emphasized. The molecular evidence of immune responses to cancer has been recently established. Based on these molecular mechanisms of immune interactions with cancer, clinical trials based on checkpoint inhibition therapy against CTLA-4 and/or PD-1 versus PD-L1 have been successful in the treatment of melanoma, lung cancer and other types of cancer. The diversity of the T cell repertoire is described and the tumor infiltrating lymphocytes within the cancer may be expanded ex vivo and infused back to the patient as a treatment modality for adoptive immunotherapy.
Farmer-oriented predictors of smallholder urban pig farming challenges and adoption of sustainable management practices in the Cape Metropole, South Africa
Authors: Mathobela Rebecca Mmamakgone , Chikwanha Obert Chenjerayi , Katiyatiya Chenaimoyo Lufutuko Faith , Molotsi Annelin Henriehetta , Marufu Munyaradzi Chris , Strydom Phillip Evert , Mapiye Cletos 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the drivers of farmers’ challenges and adoption of sustainable agricultural practices (SAPs) is crucial for the sustainable development of the small-scale urban pig enterprise in sub-Saharan Africa. A total of 160 structured questionnaires were individually administered to determine factors driving small-scale farmers’ challenges and adoption of SAPs in the Cape Metropole District, South Africa. Key challenges reported by the farmers were piglet mortality (88% of respondents), limited access to communal water taps (42%), feed scarcity (36%), and shortage of pig housing material (30%). Marginal effects from logistic regression revealed that farmers’ chances to experience key challenges were high (P ≤ 0.05) among African traditional religion believers, exotic pig breed owners, single source income earners and young farmers. Key SAPs adopted by farmers included restricted feeding (78% of respondents), controlled mating (70%), biosecurity (50%) and record keeping (50%). The probability of farmers’ failure to adopt key SAPs was high among the less educated, young farmers and African traditional religion believers (P ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, consideration of farmer-oriented factors that have been associated with increasing the likelihood of experiencing challenges and non-adoption of SAPs in development initiatives could enhance small-scale urban pig production in the studied areas.
Sustainability of the community model of avocado production in the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve, Michoacán, México
Authors: Ramírez M. Isabel , Špirić Jovanka , Orozco-Meléndez Francisco , Merlo-Reyes Ana 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe avocado is a commodity crop that has generated severe environmental and social impacts in Michoacán, the world’s leading producer. Current studies overlook the diversity of avocado production by focusing on Michocán’s central region, while the regions of a more recent expansion remain poorly studied. We analyzed the model of avocado production in five indigenous communities in the municipality of Zitácuaro that have part of their territory within the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve. We use the Framework for the Evaluation of Management Systems using Sustainability Indicators to characterize and evaluate the sustainability of the Community Model of Avocado Production (CMAP). Based on 42 interviews with producers, we identified eleven critical points related to environmental (small-scale production; forest conservation; high prophylactic use of agrochemicals; high dependence on irrigation), economic (high crop diversity; low profitability; high yield loss to pests; low economic diversification), and social (high dependence on technical advisors; low dependence on labor force external to the community; few changes in land ownership) aspects of sustainability. The CMAP has productive and socio-political characteristics that represent strengths and weaknesses for its sustainability. The main environmental results suggest that the avocado expansion (2007–2022) in the communities did not involve a change in forest land use. Socially, the CMAP favors the local workforce and facilitates the maintenance of land ownership. The sustainability of CMAP is mostly limited by its economic aspects. With adequate economic support for socially and environmentally sustainable productive practices, the CMAP can improve the local livelihoods while promoting forest conservation.
The Use of a Comprehensive Concept of Capability for Wellbeing Assessment: A Best-Fit Framework Synthesis
Authors: Ubels Jasper , Hernandez-Villafuerte Karla , Niebauer Erica , Schlander Michael 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDeveloping an instrument with the capability approach can be challenging, since the capability concept of Sen is ambiguous concerning the burdens that people experience whilst achieving their capabilities. A solution is to develop instruments with a comprehensive concept of capability, such as the concept of ‘option-freedom’. This study aims to develop a theoretical framework for instrument development with the concept of option-freedom. A best-fit framework synthesis was conducted with seven qualitative papers by one researcher. Two researchers supported the synthesis by discussing interim results during the synthesis. A priori concepts of option-freedom were used to deductively code against. Themes and subthemes were developed inductively when data did not match a priori themes. Seven paper were identified that fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Four themes emerged from the synthesis. (1) Option Wellbeing represents a range of options that need to be satisfied for individuals to experience wellbeing. (2) Self-Realization represents that there are experiences in an individual’s life that have value beyond realizing options. (3) Perceived Access to Options represents the perceived ability of individuals to realize freedoms. (4) Perceived Control represents the experience of having control. Developing an instrument with the proposed framework has two benefits. First, it acknowledges the importance of assessing impediments in realizing capabilities for wellbeing assessment. Secondly, the themes form a broad informational base by including themes related to subjective wellbeing. Future research should study the feasibility of implementing the framework for instrument development.
Digital Literacy in the Informal Economy of Ghana: Life-long Learning and Extending Working Lives of Older Persons in Post-Covid-19 Era
Authors: Oteng Samuel Ampadu , Manful Esmeranda , Nkansah Jacob Oppong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the growing importance of digital technologies for economic resilience, especially for vulnerable groups like older workers in the informal sector. However, barriers to access and digital literacy create challenges alongside potential opportunities, particularly in less developed countries such as Ghana. Using older adults over 50 years engaged in informal work in Kumasi’s Central Business District in Ghana as a case, this paper explores older informal workers’ use of digital technologies in Ghana during the pandemic. Findings suggest that older informal workers relied heavily on their mobile phones as the only critical technological tool to sustain their businesses during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the findings also reveal critical gaps in skills, training, and support, alongside resourcefulness in leveraging digital tools for business continuity. Key policy implications include expanding mobile-centric digital literacy programs, addressing infrastructure divides, and integrating capacity building into social protection. The paper contributes insights on strengthening lifelong learning and extending the working lives of older persons in the informal sector in the post-COVID era.
Meta-analysis of travel-based multitasking by railway passengers in Japan between 1983 and 2019: direct observation and YouTube videos
Authors: Sanko Nobuhiro , Yamaguchi Sota 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis meta-analysis aims to analyse how the activities of rail passengers have changed in Japan as a result of rapid technological developments. To be eligible for inclusion in this analysis, source studies must have reported the number of passengers performing specific activities, and the number must have been directly counted by surveyors who actually ride on trains. Databases searched included CiNii, J-STAGE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. References in selected studies were trialled using a snowballing method. In addition, past onboard activities were retrospectively identified by content analysis of YouTube videos in which the surveyors hypothetically travelled on a train and observed the passengers. The use of YouTube videos for meta-analysis of rail passengers’ activities is a novel contribution of this study. The search for the YouTube video was entirely manual. In total, 23 independent studies with 332,355 passengers were included in the analysis. Data were collected from 1983 to 2019. The effect sizes were the proportion of each of the following activities: ‘(a) mobile phones’, ‘(b) sleeping’, ‘(c) reading’, ‘(d) music’, and ‘(e) other’. Meta-regressions were performed with the year of data collection as a moderator. Demonstrating historical changes in activities through statistical analysis is another novel contribution: ‘(a) mobile phones’ and ‘(d) music’ had a significantly increasing trend, ‘(c) reading’ had a significantly decreasing trend, and ‘(b) sleeping’ and ‘(e) other’ did not change. Studies with and without YouTube videos did not affect the conclusions, which supports the use of YouTube videos for the purposes of this study. Ideas are presented for research methods that use directly observed data to explain the possible social factors behind longitudinal variation in travel-based multitasking.
Design and Modelling of a Modified High Gain Printed Vivaldi Antenna for EMC Measurements
Authors: Abdulhameed Abdulghafor A. , Alnahwi Falih M. , Kubík Zdeněk 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper demonstrates the design, modeling, and analysis of a small size 180 × 165 × 1.6 mm3 printed broadband Vivaldi antenna for electromagnetic compatibility measurements. The proposed antenna is intended to be utilized as a reference antenna for emission and immunity tests inside the EMC Chamber through the band (0.8–5.5 GHz). Exponentially tapered slots were created based on mathematical equations to form an end-fire radiation antenna. Furthermore, microstrip and slot line stubs were employed to tune the impedance bandwidth. This antenna could be considered a 2-D Horn antenna with a size reduction of 64% and 67% since both antennas, Vivaldi and Horn are based on the same principle. Two rectangular slots were engraved near the feeding point to reshape and enhance the gain at lower frequency bands. Furthermore, the realized gain has been improved by approximately 3.5 dB and reached up to 10.7 dBi by introducing a pair of triangular reversal slots at the top edges of the structure. Moreover, this antenna has specifications that make it a suitable candidate to work as a reference antenna inside the EMC chamber compared to the classical Horn antenna offered for sale (PowerLOG® PRO 30800 and TBMA4).
The Process of Steam Oxidation Degradation of High Cr Steel after 125 000 Hours at 568 °C under 16.5 MPa
Authors: Dudziak Tomasz , Morgiel Jerzy , Golański Grzegorz , Chandran Puneet , Chat-Wilk Karolina , Polkowska Adelajda 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe aim of this work was to analyze the effect of steam oxidation when TP347HFG grade steel was exposed to industrial conditions for 125 000 hrs at 568 °C under 16.5 MPa pressure. The testing material was acquired from one of the coal power plants operating in Poland. Comprehensive investigations were carried out on the outer surface and cross section of the exposed sample using XRD, SEM/EDS and TEM. The analysis revealed the development of a fine grain oxide scale thickness spanning from 20 to 200 µm, consisting Fe2NiO4 (78 %), Cr1.3Fe0.7O3, Fe2O3 (0.8 %) and Fe3Co (0.8 %). Cross-sectional observations showed the formation of grains rich in Nb precipitates type MX carbonitrides surrounded by M23C6 carbides developed as a continuous net at the grain boundaries. The extent of material degradation under the influence of temperature, pressure and exposure time has been meticulously discussed.
Graphical Abstract
Lock-in Thermography for the Localization of Security Hard Blocks on SoC Devices
Authors: Kögel Michael , Brand Sebastian , Große Christian , Altmann Frank , Selmke Bodo , Zinnecker Kilian , Hesselbarth Robert , Jacob Kabakci Nisha 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLocalizing security-relevant hard blocks on modern System-on-Chips for physical attacks, such as side-channel analysis and fault attacks, has become increasingly time-consuming due to ever-increasing chip-area and -complexity. While this development increases the effort and reverse engineering cost, it is not sufficient to withstand resolute attackers. This paper explores the application of camera-based lock-in thermography, a nondestructive testing method, for identifying and localizing security hard blocks on integrated circuits. We use a synchronous signal to periodically activate security-related functions in the firmware, which causes periodic temperature changes in the activated die areas that we detect and localize via an infrared camera. Using this method, we demonstrate the precise detection and localization of security-related hard blocks at the die level on a modern SoC.