bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Geographic Information Systems by Fisheries Management Agencies
Authors: Eder Brandon L , Neely Ben C 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT
Use of geographic information systems (GIS) in fisheries science has increased in prevalence since its introduction in the late 1980s, but use among and within fisheries management agencies has not been quantified. We surveyed 89 administrators of fisheries management agencies in the United States and Canada to determine the current status of GIS in fisheries management and received 54 responses (61% return rate). Survey respondents indicated that GIS was used to help manage fish populations, and 63% of respondents believed that GIS was either “very useful” or “extremely useful” for meeting agency objectives. However, most GIS work conducted by fisheries management agencies was executed by few individuals within the agency or by contracted service. Barriers preventing more widespread use by managers within agencies included lack of knowledge or training and limited time to use GIS in job duties. Our results suggest that GIS is an important tool for fisheries management. Further, GIS use within an agency might be increased by focusing on increased biologist participation in training exercises, integration with existing job duties, and recognizing diversity among GIS software.
RESUMEN
desde que se introdujo en la década de los ochenta, los Sistemas de Información Geográfica (GIS) se han utilizado cada vez más en las ciencias pesqueras, sin embargo aún no se ha cuantificado dicha utilización entre y hacia el interior de las agencias de manejo pesquero. Se realizó un sondeo a 89 encargados de agencias manejo pesquero en los Estados Unidos de Norteamérica y Canadá para determinar el estado actual de los GIS en el ámbito de manejo, recibiéndose 54 respuestas (tasa de retorno de 61%). Los encuestados indicaron que los GIS fueron desde “muy útiles” hasta “extremadamente útiles” para cumplir los objetivos de las agencias. No obstante, la mayor parte del trabajo de las agencias basado en los GIS, era realizado por algunos pocos individuos de las propias agencias o bien por servicios contratados. Las barreras que impiden un uso más generalizado de los GIS hacia el interior de las agencias de manejo incluyen la falta de conocimiento o entrenamiento y limitaciones de tiempo para usar este enfoque como parte del trabajo diario. Estos resultados sugieren que los GIS son una herramienta importante para el manejo de pesquerías. Más aún, el uso de los GIS dentro de las agencias, pudiera incrementarse enfocando o aumentando la participación de los biólogos en los ejercicios de entrenamiento, integración a las labores diarias de trabajo y reconociendo la diversidad de software de los GIS.
Gutting Canada's Fisheries Act: No Fishery, No Fish Habitat Protection
Authors: Hutchings Jeffrey A , Post John R 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT
Revisions to Canada's national fisheries legislation have eviscerated the country's ability and responsibility to protect most fish habitat. Changes to the Fisheries Act, passed by Parliament in 2012 and supported by new regulations in 2013, stipulate that habitat will now be protected only for fish that are considered part of a fishery or that support a fishery. The habitats of most freshwater fish species in Canada, including the majority of threatened and endangered fishes, will no longer be protected. Contrary to responsible management practices for the protection of native fishes, the act now inadvertently prioritizes habitat protection for some nonnative species—even hatchery-produced hybrids—as long as they are part of a fishery. Changes to the Fisheries Act were not supported by scientific advice (contrary to government policy) and are inconsistent with an ecosystem-based approach to management. Politically motivated dismantling of habitat protection provisions in the Fisheries Act erases 40 years of enlightened and responsible legislation and diminishes Canada's ability to fulfill its national and international obligations to protect, conserve, and sustainably use aquatic biodiversity.
RESUMEN
Las revisiones de la legislación pesquera de Canadá han desentrañado la habilidad y responsabilidad del país para proteger la mayor parte de los hábitats para peces. Los cambios al Acta Pesquera canadiense, aprobados por el parlamento en 2012 y apoyados por nuevas regulaciones establecidas en 2013, señalan que se protegerá el hábitat sólo de aquellas especies de peces que sean parte u objetivo de una pesquería. Los hábitats del grueso de las especies de peces de agua dulce de Canadá, incluyendo gran parte de los peces amenazados y en peligro, ya no estarán protegidos. En oposición a las prácticas de manejo responsable para la protección de especies nativas, inadvertidamente el acta prioriza la protección del hábitat de algunas especies de peces no nativas e incluso de especies híbridas—producidas en criaderos—en tanto éstas formen parte de una pesquería. Los cambios al acta pesquera no fueron apoyados por la información científica (contrario a la política de gobierno) y éstos son inconsistentes con el enfoque de manejo de pesquerías basado en el ecosistema. Motivado por intereses políticos, el retiro de la protección del hábitat estipulado en dicha Acta Pesquera, elimina 40 años de legislación responsable y merma la habilidad de Canadá de cumplimentar sus obligaciones nacionales e internacionales de proteger, conservar y utilizar de forma sostenible su biodiversidad acuática.
High‐intensity cycle interval training improves cycling and running performance in triathletes
Authors: Etxebarria Naroa , Anson Judith M. , Pyne David B. , Ferguson Richard A. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractEffective cycle training for triathlon is a challenge for coaches. We compared the effects of two variants of cycle high‐intensity interval training (HIT) on triathlon‐specific cycling and running. Fourteen moderately‐trained male triathletes (O2peak 58.7 ± 8.1 mL kg−1 min−1; mean ± SD) completed on separate occasions a maximal incremental test (O2peak and maximal aerobic power), 16 × 20 s cycle sprints and a 1‐h triathlon‐specific cycle followed immediately by a 5 km run time trial. Participants were then pair‐matched and assigned randomly to either a long high‐intensity interval training (LONG) (6–8 × 5 min efforts) or short high‐intensity interval training (SHORT) (9–11 × 10, 20 and 40 s efforts) HIT cycle training intervention. Six training sessions were completed over 3 weeks before participants repeated the baseline testing. Both groups had an ∼7% increase in O2peak (SHORT 7.3%, ±4.6%; mean, ±90% confidence limits; LONG 7.5%, ±1.7%). There was a moderate improvement in mean power for both the SHORT (10.3%, ±4.4%) and LONG (10.7%, ±6.8%) groups during the last eight 20‐s sprints. There was a small to moderate decrease in heart rate, blood lactate and perceived exertion in both groups during the 1‐h triathlon‐specific cycling but only the LONG group had a substantial decrease in the subsequent 5‐km run time (64, ±59 s). Moderately‐trained triathletes should use both short and long high‐intensity intervals to improve cycling physiology and performance. Longer 5‐min intervals on the bike are more likely to benefit 5 km running performance.
The end of the black hole dark ages and the origin of warm absorbers
Authors: King A. R. , Pounds K. A. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
We consider how the radiation pressure of an accreting supermassive black hole (SMBH) affects the interstellar medium around it. Much of the gas originally surrounding the hole is swept into a shell with a characteristic radius somewhat larger than the black hole's radius of influence (∼1–100 pc). The shell has a mass directly comparable to the (M-σ) mass that the hole will eventually reach, and may have a complex topology. We suggest that outflows from the central SMBHs are halted by collisions with the shell, and that this is the origin of the warm absorber components frequently seen in active galactic nucleus (AGN) spectra. The shell may absorb and reradiate some of the black hole accretion luminosity at long wavelengths, implying both that the bolometric luminosities of some known AGN may have been underestimated, and that some accreting SMBH may have escaped detection entirely.
High-resolution microbial community reconstruction by integrating short reads from multiple 16S rRNA regions
Authors: Amir Amnon , Zeisel Amit , Zuk Or , Elgart Michael , Stern Shay , Shamir Ohad , Turnbaugh Peter J. , Soen Yoav , Shental Noam 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The emergence of massively parallel sequencing technology has revolutionized microbial profiling, allowing the unprecedented comparison of microbial diversity across time and space in a wide range of host-associated and environmental ecosystems. Although the high-throughput nature of such methods enables the detection of low-frequency bacteria, these advances come at the cost of sequencing read length, limiting the phylogenetic resolution possible by current methods. Here, we present a generic approach for integrating short reads from large genomic regions, thus enabling phylogenetic resolution far exceeding current methods. The approach is based on a mapping to a statistical model that is later solved as a constrained optimization problem. We demonstrate the utility of this method by analyzing human saliva and Drosophila samples, using Illumina single-end sequencing of a 750 bp amplicon of the 16S rRNA gene. Phylogenetic resolution is significantly extended while reducing the number of falsely detected bacteria, as compared with standard single-region Roche 454 Pyrosequencing. Our approach can be seamlessly applied to simultaneous sequencing of multiple genes providing a higher resolution view of the composition and activity of complex microbial communities.
Comparative analysis of affinity-based 5-hydroxymethylation enrichment techniques
Authors: Thomson John P. , Hunter Jennifer M. , Nestor Colm E. , Dunican Donncha S. , Terranova Rémi , Moggs Jonathan G. , Meehan Richard R. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The epigenetic modification of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is receiving great attention due to its potential role in DNA methylation reprogramming and as a cell state identifier. Given this interest, it is important to identify reliable and cost-effective methods for the enrichment of 5hmC marked DNA for downstream analysis. We tested three commonly used affinity-based enrichment techniques; (i) antibody, (ii) chemical capture and (iii) protein affinity enrichment and assessed their ability to accurately and reproducibly report 5hmC profiles in mouse tissues containing high (brain) and lower (liver) levels of 5hmC. The protein-affinity technique is a poor reporter of 5hmC profiles, delivering 5hmC patterns that are incompatible with other methods. Both antibody and chemical capture-based techniques generate highly similar genome-wide patterns for 5hmC, which are independently validated by standard quantitative PCR (qPCR) and glucosyl-sensitive restriction enzyme digestion (gRES-qPCR). Both antibody and chemical capture generated profiles reproducibly link to unique chromatin modification profiles associated with 5hmC. However, there appears to be a slight bias of the antibody to bind to regions of DNA rich in simple repeats. Ultimately, the increased specificity observed with chemical capture-based approaches makes this an attractive method for the analysis of locus-specific or genome-wide patterns of 5hmC.
Local Economic Development, Agglomeration Economies, and the Big Push: 100 Years of Evidence from the Tennessee Valley Authority *
Authors: Kline Patrick , Moretti Enrico 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe study the long-run effects of one of the most ambitious regional development programs in U.S. history: the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA). Using as controls authorities that were proposed but never approved by Congress, we find that the TVA led to large gains in agricultural employment that were eventually reversed when the program’s subsidies ended. Gains in manufacturing employment, by contrast, continued to intensify well after federal transfers had lapsed—a pattern consistent with the presence of agglomeration economies in manufacturing. Because manufacturing paid higher wages than agriculture, this shift raised aggregate income in the TVA region for an extended period of time. Economists have long cautioned that the local gains created by place-based policies may be offset by losses elsewhere. We develop a structured approach to assessing the TVA’s aggregate consequences that is applicable to other place-based policies. In our model, the TVA affects the national economy both directly through infrastructure improvements and indirectly through agglomeration economies. The model’s estimates suggest that the TVA’s direct investments yielded a significant increase in national manufacturing productivity, with benefits exceeding the program’s costs. However, the program’s indirect effects appear to have been limited: agglomeration gains in the TVA region were offset by losses in the rest of the country. Spillovers in manufacturing appear to be the rare example of a localized market failure that cancels out in the aggregate.
Deletion Mutagenesis Identifies a Haploinsufficient Role for γ-Zein in opaque2 Endosperm Modification
Authors: Yuan Lingling , Dou Yongchao , Kianian Shahryar F. , Zhang Chi , Holding David R. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Quality Protein Maize (QPM) is a hard kernel variant of the high-lysine mutant opaque2. Using γ-irradiation, we created opaque QPM variants to identify opaque2 modifier genes and to investigate deletion mutagenesis combined with Illumina sequencing as a maize (Zea mays) functional genomics tool. A K0326Y QPM deletion mutant was null for the 27- and 50-kD γ-zeins and abolished vitreous endosperm formation. Illumina exon and RNA sequencing revealed a 1.2-megabase pair deletion encompassing the 27- and 50-kD γ-zein genes on chromosome 7 and a deletion of at least 232 kb on chromosome 9. Protein body number was reduced by over 90%, while protein body size is similar to the wild type. Kernels hemizygous for the γ-zein deletion had intermediate 27- and 50-kD γ-zein levels and were semivitreous, indicating haploinsufficiency of these gene products in opaque2 endosperm modification. The γ-zein deletion further increased lysine in QPM in its homozygous and hemizygous states. This work identifies 27-kD γ-zein as an opaque2 modifier gene within the largest QPM quantitative trait locus and may suggest the 50-kD γ-zein also contributes to this quantitative trait locus. It further demonstrates that genome-wide deletions in nonreference maize lines can be identified through a combination of assembly of Illumina reads against the B73 genome and integration of RNA sequencing data.
Arabidopsis56–Amino Acid Serine Palmitoyltransferase-Interacting Proteins Stimulate Sphingolipid Synthesis, Are Essential, and Affect Mycotoxin Sensitivity
Authors: Kimberlin Athen N. , Majumder Saurav , Han Gongshe , Chen Ming , Cahoon Rebecca E. , Stone Julie M. , Dunn Teresa M. , Cahoon Edgar B. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMaintenance of sphingolipid homeostasis is critical for cell growth and programmed cell death (PCD). Serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT), composed of LCB1 and LCB2 subunits, catalyzes the primary regulatory point for sphingolipid synthesis. Small subunits of SPT (ssSPT) that strongly stimulate SPT activity have been identified in mammals, but the role of ssSPT in eukaryotic cells is unclear. Candidate Arabidopsis thaliana ssSPTs, ssSPTa and ssSPTb, were identified and characterized. Expression of these 56–amino acid polypeptides in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae SPT null mutant stimulated SPT activity from the Arabidopsis LCB1/LCB2 heterodimer by &gt;100-fold through physical interaction with LCB1/LCB2. ssSPTa transcripts were more enriched in all organs and &gt;400-fold more abundant in pollen than ssSPTb transcripts. Accordingly, homozygous ssSPTa T-DNA mutants were not recoverable, and 50% nonviable pollen was detected in heterozygous ssspta mutants. Pollen viability was recovered by expression of wild-type ssSPTa or ssSPTb under control of the ssSPTa promoter, indicating ssSPTa and ssSPTb functional redundancy. SPT activity and sensitivity to the PCD-inducing mycotoxin fumonisin B1 (FB1) were increased by ssSPTa overexpression. Conversely, SPT activity and FB1 sensitivity were reduced in ssSPTa RNA interference lines. These results demonstrate that ssSPTs are essential for male gametophytes, are important for FB1 sensitivity, and limit sphingolipid synthesis in planta.
Was there a peso problem in cattle options?
Authors: Thomsen Michael , M. McKenzie Andrew , J. Power Gabriel 
Published: November 2013

Purpose
– Pricing densities implied from options on live cattle futures show a persistent and negative skew. The purpose is to examine whether the skew can be explained, in part, by peso-type problems.

Design/methodology/approach
– Two announcements of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) provide a natural setting within which to examine the validity of the peso-problem explanation. These announcements represent the first documented cases of BSE in North America. Prior to the announcements, the potential for BSE would have been known by market participants as the disease had been found among cattle in the British Isles, Europe and Asia. The paper uses options market data to compute implied moments of the pricing distribution for live cattle futures. The paper then analyzes these moments around BSE announcements.

Findings
– The first Canadian BSE announcement impacted the mean and volatility but not the implied skew. Later in the year, BSE was found in a US cow and the paper finds a statistically significant change in the implied skew. The distribution showed a pronounced leftward skew prior to the US announcement but was nearly symmetric during the days afterwards. This finding is consistent with the market having priced the possibility of a BSE discovery into deep out-of-the-money put options.

Originality/value
– Peso problems have been documented in other financial markets. The results are important because they suggest that they may also be important to agricultural markets and that agricultural options markets do account for low probability but highly important events.
Attributes of excellence in practice educators: The perspectives of Australian occupational therapy students
Authors: Rodger Sylvia , Thomas Yvonne , Greber Craig , Broadbridge Jacqueline , Edwards Ann , Newton Julie , Lyons Michael 
Published: November 2013

AimOccupational therapists frequently undertake the role of practice educator contributing to the development of the future workforce, however, little is known about how they effectively perform this role. This study aimed to elucidate students' perspectives on what makes an excellent practice educator.MethodDocumentation for 124 Practice Excellence Commendations nominations by Queensland occupational therapy students for Queensland Occupational Therapy Fieldwork Collaborative awards between 2008 and 2011 were analysed. These were based on students' experiences on long block placements (five weeks or more) in their later years of undergraduate or masters' entry study. Written nominations addressing five selection criteria were de‐identified and responses to each of these compiled. One independent coder and the two lead authors read the transcripts, identified coding categories and reached consensus regarding emerging themes using standard content and thematic analysis techniques.ResultsProviding the ‘just right’ challenge was the overarching theme that symbolised excellence in practice education from students' perspectives. Three themes emerged that enabled practice educators to provide student support needed to balance the challenges of learning on placement; (i) valuing a reciprocal relationship; (ii) facilitating learning opportunities and experiences; and (iii) encouraging autonomy and independence.ConclusionFindings provided insights into student perceptions about how excellent practice educators facilitated their learning while on placement. These insights can be used to inform practice educators who wish to enhance their supervision skills. Future research should focus on how the attributes of practice educators positively influence student learning outcomes.
Characterisation of the sensory properties of whey protein concentrates
Authors: Lammert Amy , Olabi Ammar , Kalache Loulwa , Brooks Katie , Tong Phillip 
Published: November 2013

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of four commercial whey protein concentrates (WPCs) on the sensory and selected physical properties (colour, viscosity) in sweet solutions. WPCs exhibited significant differences in colour properties, including the L, a and b‐values (P < 0.001). Triangle tests, with 25 untrained panellists, revealed significant brand differences. Descriptive analysis, with eight trained judges, corresponded to instrumental analysis with differences in opacity (P < 0.05) and colour (P < 0.001), but no differences on odour/flavour despite minor differences in composition. The lack of effect on odour/flavour may not be translated to more complex matrices such as WPC‐fortified dairy beverages.
Ultrasound‐guided needle handling using a guidance positioning system in a phantom
Authors: Tielens L. K. P. , Damen R. B. C. C. , Lerou J. G. C. , Scheffer G.‐J. , Bruhn J. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryThe SonixGPS™ needle guidance positioning system provides navigation assistance to facilitate needle handling during ultrasound‐guided procedures. Each of 20 inexperienced nurse anaesthetists performed 12 different ultrasound‐guided tasks in a porcine phantom. Using both in‐plane and out‐of‐plane approaches, they inserted a needle and made contact with metal rods at depths of 2, 4 and 6 cm. We compared their performances without and with navigation as paired observations. Using the out‐of‐plane approach, navigation yielded shorter execution times (26 s vs 14 s, respectively; p = 0.01) and fewer needle repositionings (8 vs 3, respectively; p = 0.001). Using the in‐plane approach, the needle was more visible with navigation assistance: 24% vs 52% of execution time, respectively (95% CI: 44%–12%; p = 0.0025). Better needle visibility was associated with shorter execution times and fewer needle repositionings. Combining ultrasound‐guided techniques with the needle guidance positioning system may reduce tissue manipulation, thus improving patient comfort and safety.
Neutralization of AntiCitrullinated Protein Antibodies in Rheumatoid Arthritis – A Way to Go?
Authors: Cerqueira Cátia F. , Klareskog Lars , Jakobsson Per‐Johan 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAnticitrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) constitute a class of autoantibodies found in 60–70% of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The most common test for ACPA positivity is based on the occurrence of antibodies that bind to circular citrullinated peptides, so‐called CCP, some of which are derived from endogenously citrullinated proteins, like filaggrin. Several lines of evidence suggest that these autoantibodies may confer pathological reactions. They appear years before onset of clinical disease and are associated with worse prognosis and a more erosive disease. Their presence correlates with the most prominent genetic risk factors for RA development, and they were recently described to mediate relevant biological functions such as activation of complement system and induction of osteoclastogenesis. The development of new drugs that specifically target these autoantibodies is an appealing and novel approach. Herein, we briefly review the autoimmune condition of RA, characterized by the presence of ACPA, and we describe how the neutralization of autoantibodies might become a novel pharmacological principle.