bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Politics of Poverty Alleviation in China
Authors: Walker Robert , Lichao Yang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Since 1987, China has lifted almost 800 million people out of abject poverty. It contributed half of the global reduction in poverty achieved in the era of the Millennium Development Goals and claims to be the first country to attain Sustainable Development Goal 1, eradicating extreme poverty, which was accomplished in 2021. When presented as a State Council handbook to guide developing countries, the achievement appears to result from technocratic expertise. The reality is that it is a product of the interplay of politics within a culture that has taken poverty to be a measure of rulers’ integrity, competence, and legitimacy for at least 3,500 years. The chapter documents the development of poverty alleviation from being a social problem to becoming an instrument of political ambition, a source of national pride, and a tool in international diplomacy.
The Good, Bad, and Ugly of School Closures and Virtual Learning
Authors: Colvin Molly , Reesman Jennifer Linton , Glen Tannahill 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, U.S. schools shut down, with some areas experiencing educational disruption for more than a full academic year. Duration of closures varied tremendously across states, even within the same district, with closures in some areas among the briefest globally, while other areas experienced closures longer than most other countries. Methods of instruction were similarly variable, ranging from full-time, in-person classes to hybrid programs to fully virtual instruction. This chapter details challenges identified in pre-pandemic research on educational disruption and virtual learning, and it describes how the same issues complicated students’ adjustment to pandemic-related school closures.
Clinical Practice in a Post-COVID Era
Authors: Colvin Molly , Reesman Jennifer Linton , Glen Tannahill 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Experts in many fields with mental health relevance will need to consider the impacts of pandemic-related educational disruptions as they relate to current and future clinical practice. Traditional methods of estimating education and use of pre-pandemic normative datasets are now likely less reliable indicators of cognitive ability. The long-term impact of alteration of developmental trajectories due to school closures is still unknown. Likely underestimates of the actual extent of learning loss may contribute to reduced efficacy of remediation and lost opportunities to mitigate harm. Finally, experts performing forensic and medicolegal evaluations will need to closely attend to the impacts of educational disruption on test administration, score interpretation, differential diagnosis, and alteration of neurodevelopmental trajectories.
Informing inclusive and affirmative hospital pharmacy services for 2SLGBTQ+ patients
Authors: Kennedy Zach J , Bogle Darren , MacInnis Melanie , Wilby Kyle John 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Two-spirit, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (2SLGBTQ+) people disproportionally experience health disparities, and hospital pharmacists, given their accessibility and expertise in medication management, are ideally positioned to provide care to this vulnerable population. This study investigated the barriers and facilitators faced by hospital pharmacists when providing care to 2SLGBTQ+ patients, with the goal of informing enhancement of quality care provided to these patients.

Methods
A mixed-methods triangulation design was utilized, comprising an online survey and qualitative interviews with Canadian hospital pharmacists. The survey used the lens of systemic oppression as a framework and assessed pharmacists’ perceptions and knowledge. Survey data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results
A total of 129 individuals participated in the survey, and 15 participants were interviewed. Eleven themes were identified, and findings revealed a complex web of individual, interpersonal, and systemic barriers and facilitators. Pharmacists expressed a lack of proficiency and confidence in discussing 2SLGBTQ+ health topics, further compounded by an apprehension to engage and a fear of causing harm. Pharmacists desired support from their leadership teams and organizations in the form of access to resources, time to engage in training, and workplace environments that encourage discussions about 2SLGBTQ+ health.

Conclusion
Hospital pharmacists in Canada are willing to provide inclusive care to 2SLGBTQ+ patients but face significant barriers. These findings highlight the need for comprehensive education, supportive workplace cultures, and accessible resources to address health disparities and improve care for 2SLGBTQ+ individuals.
Solving genomic puzzles: computational methods for metagenomic binning
Authors: Mallawaarachchi Vijini , Wickramarachchi Anuradha , Xue Hansheng , Papudeshi Bhavya , Grigson Susanna R , Bouras George , Prahl Rosa E , Kaphle Anubhav , Verich Andrey , Talamantes-Becerra Berenice , Dinsdale Elizabeth A , Edwards Robert A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Metagenomics involves the study of genetic material obtained directly from communities of microorganisms living in natural environments. The field of metagenomics has provided valuable insights into the structure, diversity and ecology of microbial communities. Once an environmental sample is sequenced and processed, metagenomic binning clusters the sequences into bins representing different taxonomic groups such as species, genera, or higher levels. Several computational tools have been developed to automate the process of metagenomic binning. These tools have enabled the recovery of novel draft genomes of microorganisms allowing us to study their behaviors and functions within microbial communities. This review classifies and analyzes different approaches of metagenomic binning and different refinement, visualization, and evaluation techniques used by these methods. Furthermore, the review highlights the current challenges and areas of improvement present within the field of research.
Safeguarding Earth's biodiversity by creating a lunar biorepository
Authors: Hagedorn Mary , Parenti Lynne R , Craddock Robert A , Comizzoli Pierre , Mabee Paula , Meinke Bonnie , Wolf Susan M , Bischof John C , Sandlin Rebecca D , Tessier Shannon N , Toner Mehmet 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Earth's biodiversity is increasingly threatened and at risk. We propose a passive lunar biorepository for long-term storage of prioritized taxa of live cryopreserved samples to safeguard Earth's biodiversity and to support future space exploration and planet terraforming. Our initial focus will be on cryopreserving animal skin samples with fibroblast cells. An exemplar system has been developed using cryopreserved fish fins from the Starry Goby, Asterropteryx semipunctata. Samples will be expanded into fibroblast cells, recryopreserved, and then tested in an Earth-based laboratory for robust packaging and sensitivity to radiation. Two key factors for this biorepository are the needs to reduce damage from radiation and to maintain the samples near –196° Celsius. Certain lunar sites near the poles may meet these criteria. If possible, further testing would occur on the International Space Station prior to storage on the Moon. To secure a positive shared future, this is an open call to participate in this decades-long program.
Morphoanatomy and evolution of the bracteole and sepal glands of the Amazonian genus Lophanthera A. Juss. (Galphimioid clade)
Authors: Sanches Miller Melo , Guesdon Isabel Reis , da Silva Larissa Pereira , Pace Marcelo Rodrigo , Meira Renata Maria Strozi Alves 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The presence of diverse secretory structures is emblematic of Malpighiaceae, such as the presence of nectaries secreting sugary nectar and elaiophores secreting oil-resin. Recent studies have demonstrated the morphoanatomical and chemical similarities between these two glands but, in general, there are no comparative morphoanatomical analysis on inflorescence glands. The Galphimioid clade is an excellent model for studies on the presence of secretory tissue due to the variation found among genera with regards to both their bracteole and sepal glands. In this work, we describe the morphoanatomy and histochemistry of bracteole and sepal glands in species of Lophanthera. Furthermore, we update the species geographic distribution map and explore the morphological diversity of both sepal and bracteole glands in the Neotropical Galphimioid clade. Samples collected in the field and obtained from herbarium specimens were processed under usual anatomical techniques. The bracteole glands varied in surface shape, while the calyx glands varied mainly in size. Anatomically, both types of gland have palisade secretory epidermis and vascularized secretory parenchyma. The presence of proteins, polysaccharides, phenolic compounds, and reducing sugar was detected by histochemical tests. The bracteole glands of the inflorescences in Lophanthera were characterized as nectaries that produce a hydrophilic secretion. The sepal glands were identified as elaiophores by the presence of lipids and fixed oil. The results reinforce the functional role of floral nectaries of bracteoles and elaiophores of sepals according to the nature of the secretion, its potential visitors, and reported literature. The morphofunctional diversity reported in this work is unprecedented for the clade and is fundamental in the adaptive evolution of the family.
CDK12 is a promising therapeutic target for the transcription cycle and DNA damage response in metastatic osteosarcoma
Authors: Li Zihao , Li Xiaoyang , Seebacher Nicole A , Liu Xu , Wu Wence , Yu Shengji , Hornicek Francis J , Huang Changzhi , Duan Zhenfeng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a bone malignant tumor affecting children, adolescents, and young adults. Currently, osteosarcoma is treated with chemotherapy regimens established over 40 years ago. The investigation of novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of osteosarcoma remains an important clinical need. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) have been considered promising molecular targets in cancer therapy. Among these, CDK12 has been shown to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of malignancies, but its clinical significance and biological mechanisms in osteosarcoma remain unclear. In the present study, we aim to determine the expression and function of CDK12 and evaluate its prognostic and therapeutic value in metastatic osteosarcoma. We found that overexpression of CDK12 was associated with high tumor grade, tumor progression and reduced patient survival. The underlying mechanism revealed that knockdown of CDK12 expression with small interfering RNA or functional inhibition with the CDK12-targeting agent THZ531 effectively exhibited time- and dose-dependent cytotoxicity. Downregulation of CDK12 paused transcription by reducing RNAP II phosphorylation, interfered with DNA damage repair with increased γH2AX, and decreased cell proliferation through the PI3K-AKT pathway. This was accompanied by the promotion of apoptosis, as evidenced by enhanced Bax expression and reduced Bcl-xL expression. Furthermore, the CDK12 selective inhibitor THZ531 also hindered ex vivo 3D spheroid formation, growth of in vitro 2D cell colony, and prevented cell mobility. Our findings highlight the clinical importance of CDK12 as a potentially valuable prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in metastatic osteosarcoma.
High water temperature significantly influences swimming performance of New Zealand migratory species
Authors: Crawford Rachel M B , Gee Eleanor M , Dupont Deborah W E , Hicks Brendan J , Franklin Paul A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Anthropogenic structures in freshwater systems pose a significant threat by fragmenting habitats. Effective fish passage solutions must consider how environmental changes introduce variability into swimming performance. As temperature is considered the most important external factor influencing fish physiology, it is especially important to consider its effects on fish swimming performance. Even minor alterations in water properties, such as temperature and velocity, can profoundly affect fish metabolic demands, foraging behaviours, fitness and, consequently, swimming performance and passage success. In this study, we investigated the impact of varying water temperatures on the critical swimming speeds of four migratory New Zealand species. Our findings revealed a significant reduction in critical swimming speeds at higher water temperatures (26°C) compared to lower ones (8 and 15°C) for three out of four species (Galaxias maculatus, Galaxias brevipinnis and Gobiomorphus cotidianus). In contrast, Galaxias fasciatus exhibited no significant temperature-related changes in swimming performance, suggesting species-specific responses to temperature. The cold temperature treatment did not impact swimming performance for any of the studied species. As high water temperatures significantly reduce fish swimming performance, it is important to ensure that fish passage solutions are designed to accommodate a range of temperature changes, including spatial and temporal changes, ranging from diel to decadal fluctuations. Our research underscores the importance of incorporating temperature effects into fish passage models for habitat restoration, connectivity initiatives, and freshwater fish conservation. The influence of temperature on fish swimming performance can alter migration patterns and population dynamics, highlighting the need for adaptive conservation strategies. To ensure the resilience of freshwater ecosystems it is important to account for the impact of temperature on fish swimming performance, particularly in the context of a changing climate.
The diagnostic value of prostate-specific membrane antigen PET-CT in differentiating medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw and metastasis to the jawbone
Authors: Kur Karin , Papadopoulou Erofili , Nidam Meital , Fertouk Michal , Binyamini Omer , Friedlander Barenboim Silvina , Lazarovitci Towy Sorel , Domachevsky Liran , Yarom Noam 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) and jaw metastasis might share similar clinical and radiographic characteristics, with both demonstrating F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake on PET-CT. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET-CT is used to demonstrate prostate cancer dissemination. Unlike FDG PET-CT, PSMA PET-CT is more specific to cancer than to inflammation. Therefore, we hypothesized that it might be a useful tool to differentiate between MRONJ and jaw metastasis.

Methods
All files of prostate cancer patients diagnosed with MRONJ and with available PSMA PET-CT studies were retrieved. A similar number of solid cancer patients with MRONJ and with available FDG PET-CT studies served as a second study group. All studies were reviewed by 2 blinded co-investigators (L.D. and M.F.).

Results
Seventeen patients who underwent PSMA PET-CT (24 studies) and 15 patients who underwent FDG PET-CT (29 studies) met the inclusion criteria. All patients with FDG PET-CT studies showed pathological uptake at the site of MRONJ in at least one of their studies versus only 23.5% of patients in the PSMA PET-CT group (P &lt; .001). FDG PET-CT studies showed pathological uptake in 89.6% of the studies compared with only 20.8% in the PSMA PET-CT group (P &lt; .001). The mean standardized uptake value (SUVmax) and the mean uptake volume in the FDG PET-CT group were significantly higher compared with the PSMA PET-CT group (P &lt; .001 and P &lt; .005, respectively). The interclass correlation coefficient for all parameters was higher than 0.95.

Conclusions
PSMA PET-CT is useful to differentiate between MRONJ and jaw metastasis.
Do electrocardiographic changes induced during intracoronary vasospasm provocation testing reflect those during spontaneous angina episodes in patients with vasospastic angina?: a case series
Authors: Feenstra Rutger G T , Timmerman Lotte S , Piek Jan J , Beijk Marcel A M 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
According to the Coronary Vasomotor Disorders International Study (COVADIS) group, the ECG criteria supporting the diagnosis of vasospastic angina (VSA) in spontaneous episodes or induced during intracoronary spasm testing are similar. However, it remains elusive whether acetylcholine-induced ECG changes during epicardial spasms reflect ECG changes that occur during the height of a spontaneous episode.

Case summary
We present four patients diagnosed with VSA during intracoronary spasm testing, of whom the ECG characteristics during spasm testing and a spontaneous angina episode are described. All patients have &gt;90% coronary epicardial vasoconstriction in one or more vessels during acetylcholine provocation. ECGs at the height of a spontaneous episode and during acetylcholine-induced coronary spasm are found to be different in three out of four patients.

Discussion
In patients with VSA, the ECG at the height of a spontaneous episode and during acetylcholine-induced coronary artery spasm may differ substantially. In patients with symptoms suspicious of VSA, every effort should be undertaken to obtain ECGs during the height of a spontaneous episode of angina pectoris and there should be a low threshold to perform intracoronary function testing.
Integrating the Thrifty Genotype and Evolutionary Mismatch Hypotheses to understand variation in cardiometabolic disease risk
Authors: Brassington Layla , Arner Audrey M , Watowich Marina M , Damstedt Jane , Ng Kee Seong , Lim Yvonne A L , Venkataraman Vivek V , Wallace Ian J , Kraft Thomas S , Lea Amanda J 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
More than 60 years ago, James Neel proposed the Thrifty Genotype Hypothesis to explain the widespread prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Western, industrial contexts. This hypothesis posits that variants linked to conservative energy usage and increased fat deposition would have been favored throughout human evolution due to the advantages they could provide during periods of resource limitation. However, in industrial environments, these variants instead produce an increased risk of obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and related health issues. This hypothesis has been popular and impactful, with thousands of citations, many ongoing debates, and several spin-off theories in biomedicine, evolutionary biology, and anthropology. However, despite great attention, the applicability and utility of the Thrifty Genotype Hypothesis (TGH) to modern human health remains, in our opinion, unresolved. To move research in this area forward, we first discuss the original formulation of the TGH and its critiques. Second, we trace the TGH to updated hypotheses that are currently at the forefront of the evolutionary medicine literature—namely, the Evolutionary Mismatch Hypothesis. Third, we lay out empirical predictions for updated hypotheses and evaluate them against the current literature. Finally, we discuss study designs that could be fruitful for filling current knowledge gaps; here, we focus on partnerships with subsistence-level groups undergoing lifestyle transitions, and we present data from an ongoing study with the Orang Asli of Malaysia to illustrate this point. Overall, we hope this synthesis will guide new empirical research aimed at understanding how the human evolutionary past interacts with our modern environments to influence cardiometabolic health.
Narrating the Desert: The Sublime and Desert Experiences in V. Muzafer Ahamed’s Camels in the Sky
Authors: Varma R Sreejith 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This essay studies the travel narrative Camels in the Sky: Travels in Arabia by V. Muzafer Ahamed. The book narrativizes the author’s extensive explorations of the desert spaces in Saudi Arabia where he worked as a newspaper reporter for 13 years. This desert writing, arguably the first of its kind by a writer from the southern Indian state of Kerala, registers a wide range of emotions including desire, excitement, wonder, and fear as the author traverses the unfamiliar terrain. The desert, in Ahamed’s narrative, is not an essentialized ecological enclosure, but rather a politicized naturecultural space infected by human interventionist presences. The sublime is a visceral experience in Ahamed’s text as he negotiates the imbrication of beauty and precarity in the desert. In the concluding section, the essay argues that sublime feelings have the potential to evoke environmental humility and foster non-anthropocentric awareness, both of which are crucial for the sustainability of our endangered planet. Considering the critical decline in interest in the sublime, as contended by Emily Brady, this essay seeks to re-engage with the trope to make a case for its continued relevance.
TRAP1 drives smooth muscle cell senescence and promotes atherosclerosis via HDAC3-primed histone H4 lysine 12 lactylation
Authors: Li Xuesong , Chen Minghong , Chen Xiang , He Xian , Li Xinyu , Wei Huiyuan , Tan Yongkang , Min Jiao , Azam Tayyiba , Xue Mengdie , Zhang Yunjia , Dong Mengdie , Yin Quanwen , Zheng Longbin , Jiang Hong , Huo Da , Wang Xin , Chen Shaoliang , Ji Yong , Chen Hongshan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) senescence is crucial for the development of atherosclerosis, characterized by metabolic abnormalities. Tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated protein 1 (TRAP1), a metabolic regulator associated with ageing, might be implicated in atherosclerosis. As the role of TRAP1 in atherosclerosis remains elusive, this study aimed to examine the function of TRAP1 in VSMC senescence and atherosclerosis.

Methods
TRAP1 expression was measured in the aortic tissues of patients and mice with atherosclerosis using western blot and RT–qPCR. Senescent VSMC models were established by oncogenic Ras, and cellular senescence was evaluated by measuring senescence-associated β-galactosidase expression and other senescence markers. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis was performed to explore the potential role of TRAP1 in atherosclerosis.

Results
VSMC-specific TRAP1 deficiency mitigated VSMC senescence and atherosclerosis via metabolic reprogramming. Mechanistically, TRAP1 significantly increased aerobic glycolysis, leading to elevated lactate production. Accumulated lactate promoted histone H4 lysine 12 lactylation (H4K12la) by down-regulating the unique histone lysine delactylase HDAC3. H4K12la was enriched in the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) promoter, activating SASP transcription and exacerbating VSMC senescence. In VSMC-specific Trap1 knockout ApoeKO mice (ApoeKOTrap1SMCKO), the plaque area, senescence markers, H4K12la, and SASP were reduced. Additionally, pharmacological inhibition and proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC)-mediated TRAP1 degradation effectively attenuated atherosclerosis in vivo.

Conclusions
This study reveals a novel mechanism by which mitonuclear communication orchestrates gene expression in VSMC senescence and atherosclerosis. TRAP1-mediated metabolic reprogramming increases lactate-dependent H4K12la via HDAC3, promoting SASP expression and offering a new therapeutic direction for VSMC senescence and atherosclerosis.