bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Professional dental care and survival rates in long‐term care recipients: A cohort study of 1 459 163 individuals in South Korea
Authors: Ko Kyung‐A , Lee Bo‐A , Kim Young‐Taek , Lee Jung‐Seok 
Published: July 2024

ObjectivesTo determine the dental care pattern and survival rates of participants who received long‐term care (LTC) and a matched control cohort in South Korea.BackgroundGlobal ageing trends and the development of superaged societies pose healthcare challenges. South Korea's LTC system aids those with chronic illnesses and disabilities. Despite the link between oral health and systemic diseases, providing dental care in LTC facilities often reflects social neglect.MethodsWe identified 1 459 163 individuals eligible for LTC insurance in the Korean National Health Insurance Service database from July 2008 to 2015 (LTC cohort) and 1 459 544 individuals matched through propensity‐score matching (matched cohort). The LTC recipients were further categorised into subgroups based on their care type (institutional, home or mixed care). Population of utilising dental services and the average number of dental visits were counted in each cohort, and the survival rate of the LTC cohort was determined according to dental utilisation.ResultsPopulation of utilising dental services increased steadily in all cohorts except for institutional care, with the highest utilisation (around 30%) observed in the matched cohort. Lower independence in LTC cohorts was associated with lower dental utilisation: 18‐27% for home care, 12‐18% for mixed care, and 10% for institutional care. The survival rates in the LTC cohort were significantly lower than in the matched cohort (P < .0001), with 28.1% survival in LTC vs 59.3% in the matched cohort.ConclusionLong‐term care recipients experience social neglect for oral care, while higher survival rates were observed in those utilised dental services.
Flexible modeling of headache frequency fluctuations in migraine with hidden Markov models
Authors: Dumkrieger Gina M. , Ishii Ryotaro , Goadsby Peter J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo explore hidden Markov models (HMMs) as an approach for defining clinically meaningful headache‐frequency‐based groups in migraine.BackgroundMonthly headache frequency in patients with migraine is known to vary over time. This variation has not been completely characterized and is not well accounted for in the classification of individuals as having chronic or episodic migraine, a diagnosis with potentially significant impacts on the individual. This study investigated variation in reported headache frequency in a migraine population and proposed a model for classifying individuals by frequency while accounting for natural variation.MethodsThe American Registry for Migraine Research (ARMR) was a longitudinal multisite study of United States adults with migraine. Study participants completed quarterly questionnaires and daily headache diaries. A series of HMMs were fit to monthly headache frequency data calculated from the diary data of ARMR.ResultsChanges in monthly headache frequency tended to be small, with 47% of transitions resulting in a change of 0 or 1 day. A substantial portion (24%) of months reflected daily headache with individuals ever reporting daily headache likely to consistently report daily headache. An HMM with four states with mean monthly headache frequency emissions of 3.52 (95% Prediction Interval [PI] 0–8), 10.10 (95% PI 4–17), 20.29 (95% PI 12–28), and constant 28 days/month had the best fit of the models tested. Of sequential month‐to‐month headache frequency transitions, 12% were across the 15‐headache days chronic migraine cutoff. Under the HMM, 38.7% of those transitions involved a change in the HMM state, and the remaining 61.3% of the time, a change in chronic migraine classification was not accompanied by a change in the HMM state.ConclusionA divide between the second and third states of this model aligns most strongly with the current episodic/chronic distinction, although there is a meaningful overlap between the states that supports the need for flexibility. An HMM has appealing properties for classifying individuals according to their headache frequency while accounting for natural variation in frequency. This empirically derived model may provide an informative classification approach that is more stable than the use of a single cutoff value.
Experiences of older people with multimorbidity regarding self‐management of diseases: A systematic review and qualitative meta‐synthesis
Authors: Tian Jing , Wang Hong Yan , Peng Si Han , Tao Yan Min , Cao Jun , Zhang Xian Geng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimThis qualitative systematic review aimed to consolidate existing evidence on the self‐management experience of older patients with multimorbidity worldwide.MethodsNine databases were searched, for papers published from database inception to April 2023. The systematic review was conducted according to the systematic review method of qualitative evidence by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI).ResultsSeven studies were included. Finally, four themes and 12 subthemes were formed: (1) physical level: reduced physical function and lack of coordinated care; (2) psychological level: mental state of anxiety and positive attitude towards life; (3) social level: technical support, support from family, support from healthcare workers and support from others; and (4) practical level: economic burden, lifestyle changes, self‐care in daily life and compliance was much lower than expected.ConclusionsTo improve self‐management in older people with multimorbidity, nurses should provide more guidance to patients to improve their self‐management skills, and clinicians should recommend effective self‐management behaviours.
A combined interactive online simulation and face‐to‐face laboratory enable undergraduate student proficiency in hemocytometer use, cell density and viability calculations
Authors: Costabile Maurizio , Bailey Sheree , Denyer Gareth 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA hemocytometer is a key piece of laboratory equipment typically used in diagnostic and immunology research laboratories to enumerate white blood cells. The accurate quantification of cell density is essential to ensure accurate numbers of cells are added to assays to generate valid data. Hence, learning to correctly use a hemocytometer is a critical skill for all undergraduate immunology students. However, this skill can be challenging to learn because of students’ unfamiliarity with correct cell identification, differentiating viable versus dead cells and mathematical proficiency in calculating cell density and viability. To address these issues, we developed an interactive computer simulation that replicated all aspects of a Neubauer‐style hemocytometer. This simulation was used to teach second‐year undergraduate immunology students before a face‐to‐face (F‐2‐F) laboratory exercise where these skills were applied. Using a mixed methods approach, student performance and feedback were collected on broad aspects of the intervention and its benefits to the F‐2‐F setting. The approach was found to be extremely successful with all measures indicating a significant impact of the virtual hemocytometer on student learning, understanding and confidence. We suggest that integrating an online simulation to teach students the fundamentals of hemocytometer use and calculations is a valuable educational aid for learning this important skill.
Interventions facilitating the involvement of relatives of patients with acquired brain injury or malignant brain tumour: A scoping review
Authors: Lundh Mette Gothardt , Nordentoft Sara , Smedegaard Pernille Sejr , Aadal Lena , Loft Mia Ingerslev , Poulsen Ingrid , Guldager Rikke 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimTo identify and map the evidence on interventions facilitating the involvement of relatives of patients with an acquired brain injury (ABI) or a malignant brain tumour (MBT).BackgroundAn ABI or a MBT are severe diseases that have profound impact on the lives of patients and their relatives. The well‐being of the patient may be deteriorated, and relatives may experience a new role and changing caregiving tasks. Involvement of relatives seems essential, and there is a need for identifying interventions facilitating the involvement.DesignScoping review.MethodsThe Joanna Briggs Institute methodology was used in this review and the review was reported in accordance with the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews.Data SourcesThe literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and Cochrane Library. Reference lists of included studies, Google Scholar and Web of Science were also searched.ResultsIn total, 46 studies were included of which 36 (78%) involved patients with stroke. Median duration of study interventions were 8 weeks, and nurses were involved as providers of the intervention in 23 (50%) studies. Thirty (65%) studies used a multicomponent intervention. Thirty‐five unique outcomes were identified using 60 unique outcome measurements.ConclusionInterventions facilitating the involvement of relatives differed importantly in key characteristics of study interventions, and in relation to the context in which they were used. There was no consensus regarding choice of outcomes and outcome measurements. Our results highlight the complexity of interventions in this field.Implications for the Profession and/or Patient CareTo our knowledge this is the first scoping review examining interventions facilitating the involvement of relatives of patients with an acquired brain injury or a malignant brain tumour. This review suggests a clear definition of ‘involvement’ in future research and there is a need of development of a core outcome set for use in interventions facilitating the involvement.Reporting MethodThe scoping review was reported in accordance with the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews.No Patient or Public ContributionThe authors decided to undertake this scoping review without patient and public contribution. However, the protocol was published prior to review conduct and available to the public but we did not receive any comments on it.
Hydrogen sulphide reduces renal ischemia‐reperfusion injury by enhancing autophagy and reducing oxidative stress
Authors: Li Hui , Wang Shuaiwei , An Shuangshuang , Gao Biao , Wu Dongdong , Li Yanzhang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimRenal ischemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major cause of acute kidney injury. Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) exerts a protective effect in renal IRI. The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of exogenous H2S on renal IRI by regulating autophagy in mice.MethodsMice were randomly assigned to control, IRI and NaHS (an H2S donor, 28, 56 and 100 μmol/kg) groups. Renal IRI was induced by clamping the bilateral renal pedicles with non‐traumatic arterial clamp for 45 min and then reperfused for 24 h. Mice were administered intraperitoneally with NaHS 20 min prior to renal ischemia. Sham group mice underwent the same procedures without clamping. Serum and kidney tissues were harvested 24 h after reperfusion for functional, histological, oxidative stress, and autophagic determination.ResultsCompared with the control group, the concentrations of serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and malondialdehyde (MDA), the protein levels of LC3II/I, Beclin‐1 and P62, as well as the number of autophagosomes were significantly increased, but the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was decreased after renal IRI. NaHS pre‐treatment dramatically attenuated renal IRI‐induced renal dysfunction, histological changes, MDA concentration and p62 expression in a dose‐dependent manner. However, NaHS increased the SOD activity and the protein levels of LC3II/I and Beclin‐1.ConclusionThese results indicate that exogenous H2S protects the kidney from IRI through enhancement of autophagy and reduction of oxidative stress. Novel H2S donors could be developed in the treatment of renal IRI.image
Polysaccharide extracted from Atractylodes macrocephala improves the spleen deficiency constipation in mice by regulating the gut microbiota to affect the 5‐HT synthesis
Authors: Chen Lei , Chang Xiangbing , Wu Chuntao , Luo Guofu , Zhang Peifeng , Tian Wei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe traditional herbal medicine Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. (A. macrocephala) is commonly utilized for alleviating symptoms associated with spleen deficiency, abdominal distension, diarrhea, and constipation. These pharmacological effects are attributed to a variety of active constituents. However, the specific bioactive compounds responsible for promoting defecation and gastrointestinal transit in A. macrocephala remain unidentified.MethodsThe primary polysaccharide characteristics of PAMK was elucidated by HPLC, FT‐IR, and HGPGC. Efficacy of PAMK (0.07, 0.14, and 0.28 mg/g) on mice was evaluated in a spleen deficiency constipation mouse model by analyzing stool parameters, constipation‐related physiological indexes, and SCFAs. The expression levels of 5‐HT3R, 5‐HT4R, and related receptor genes were examined by RT‐qPCR, and neurotransmitters were examined using ELISA. Finally, the diversity of gut microbiota was analyzed with 16S rDNA sequencing.Key ResultsThe results showed that PAMK significantly reduced the gastrointestinal transport time and increased the number of fecal pellets and fecal water content in spleen deficiency constipation model mice. PAMK kept the balance of 5‐HT, SCFAs, TPH‐1, SERT, CgA, and neurotransmitter levels (VIP, SP, MTL) in mice colon. In addition, PAMK could regulate the abundance of gut microbiota such as Alistopes, Bacteroides, and Odoribacter in spleen deficiency constipation model mice gut.Conclusions and InferencesIt can be concluded that PAMK effectively ameliorated the symptoms of spleen deficiency constipation in mice by modulating the expression of 5‐HT and its associated receptors. The underlying mechanism was elucidated, providing a solid theoretical foundation for the therapeutic application of A. macrocephala in treating spleen deficiency constipation and offering potential for developing novel approaches to address this condition.
Frege cases and rationalizing explanations
Authors: Almotahari Mahrad , Gray Aidan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRussellians, Relationists, and Fregeans disagree about the nature of propositional‐attitude content. We articulate a framework to characterize and evaluate this disagreement. The framework involves two claims: i) that we should individuate attitude content in whatever way fits best with the explanations that characteristically appeal to it, and ii) that we can understand those explanations by analogy with other ‘higher‐level’ explanations. Using the framework, we argue for an under‐appreciated form of Russellianism. Along the way we demonstrate that being more explicit about the framework in which debates about attitude content take place allows us to more precisely characterize the space of possible positions and the dialectic between them.
Sex disparities in cardiac sarcoidosis patients undergoing implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator implantation
Authors: Ahmed Raheel , Jamil Yumna , Ramphul Kamleshun , Mactaggart Sebastian , Bilal Maham , Singh Dulay Mansimran , Shi Rui , Azzu Alessia , Okafor Joseph , Memon Rahat A , Sakthivel Hemamalini , Khattar Rajdeep , Wells Athol Umfrey , Baksi John Arun , Wechalekar Kshama , Kouranos Vasilis , Chahal Anwar , Sharma Rakesh 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionIn patients with cardiac sarcoidosis (CS), implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators (ICDs) are important for preventing sudden cardiac death. This study aimed to investigate sex disparities in CS patients undergoing ICD implantation.MethodsThe 2016–2020 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database compared the characteristics and outcomes of males and females with CS receiving ICDs.ResultsAmong 760 CS patients who underwent inpatient ICD implantation, 66.4% were male. Males were younger (55.0 vs. 56.9 years, p < .01), had higher rates of diabetes (31.7% vs. 21.6%, p < .01) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) (16.8% vs. 7.8%, p < .01) but lower prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) (11.9% vs. 23.5%, p < .01), sick sinus syndrome (4.0% vs. 7.8%, p = .024), ventricular fibrillation (VF) (9.9% vs. 15.7%, p = .02), and black ancestry (31.9% vs. 58.0%, p < .01). Unadjusted major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), defined as a composite of in‐hospital death, myocardial infarction (MI), and ischemic stroke, was higher in females (11.8% vs. 6.9%, p = .024), but when adjusted for age and tCharlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), females demonstrated significantly lower odds of experiencing MACE (aOR: 0.048, 95% CI: 0.006–0.395, p = .005). Incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) post‐ICD was significantly lower in females (15.7% vs. 23.8%, p = .01) as was the adjusted odds (aOR: 0.282, 95% CI: 0.146–0.546, p < .01). There was comparable mean length of stay and hospital charges.ConclusionICD utilization in CS patients is more common among males, who have a higher prevalence of diabetes and CKD but a lower prevalence of AF, sick sinus syndrome, and VF. Adjusted MACE and AKI were significantly lower in females.
Exercise leads to better sleep in children with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Trivić Mažuranić Ivana , Sila Sara , Mišak Zrinjka , Kolaček Sanja , Hojsak Iva 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of our study was to investigate the effect of an exercise program on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and sleep quality in children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in remission.MethodsA total of 42 pediatric IBD patients in remission were recruited to participate in a 6‐month‐long home‐based exercise program. Their mean age was 15.3 years (with a range of ± 2.08 years) and there were 25 boys. With regard to disease type, 22 had Crohn's disease (CD), 18 had ulcerative colitis (UC), and two had unclassified inflammatory bowel disease (IBD‐U). Prior to starting the program, and after its completion, HRQoL was assessed using the IMPACT III questionnaire, and sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. Patients also wore a triaxial accelerometer for 5 consecutive days before and after the completion of the exercise program to assess physical activity (PA) objectively.ResultsStudy participants experienced no significant increase in their IMPACT III score (from 147.6 ± 2.7 to 149.6 ± 2.7, p = 0.106) following the completion of the exercise program. The prevalence of impaired sleep quality (PSQI > 5) decreased significantly from 30.9 to 23.8% (p = 0.027). At the baseline, participants' time spent in light PA (LPA) correlated positively with their IMPACT III score (coefficient (coef.) 0.398, p = 0.013). Following the completion of the resistance training program, the changes in the IMPACT III score correlated positively with time spent in moderate‐to‐vigorous PA (MVPA) (coef. 0.329, p = 0.047) and negatively with changes in PSQI score (coef. −0.493, p = 0.001).ConclusionThe number of children with impaired sleep quality decreased significantly following the completion of a 6‐month‐long home‐based resistance training program but improvements in HRQoL scores did not reach statistical significance.
Efficacy of verdinexor for the treatment of naïve canine epitheliotropic cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma: An open‐label pilot study
Authors: Vlodaver Elana M. , Keating M. Kelly , Bidot Willie A. , Bruyette David S. , Rosenkrantz Wayne S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundVerdinexor (Laverdia‐CA1; Dechra Veterinary Products), a selective inhibitor of nuclear export, has been utilised for treatment of non‐Hodgkin T‐cell lymphoma in dogs. However, the efficacy of verdinexor has not been evaluated for cutaneous epitheliotropic T‐cell lymphoma (CETL).Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy of verdinexor for the treatment of CETL.AnimalsEight client‐owned animals with CETL.Materials and MethodsPatients received between 1.28 and 1.45 mg/kg verdinexor per os twice weekly with a minimum of 72 h between doses until disease progression or voluntary withdrawal. Adjunctive therapy with lokivetmab or prednisone was permitted after Day (D)14. Assessment of clinical lesions (canine Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors [cRECIST v1.0] and novel Canine Epitheliotropic Lymphoma Extent and Severity Index [CELESI]), pruritus (Visual Analog Scale) and treatment efficacy (owner global assessment of treatment efficacy [OGATE]) were evaluated every 14 days for 3 months, then monthly thereafter (mean 70 ± 43.4 days).ResultsSeventy‐five percent of patients achieved complete response, partial response or stable disease. The mean time to disease progression was 56 ± 41 days. There was a significant reduction (p = 0.026) in total CELESI score when the lowest score for each dog was compared to their score at D0. Verdinexor did not significantly reduce pruritus at any time point (p = 0.45), including when given as a monotherapy or concurrently with lokivetmab ± glucocorticoids. On D28, 75% of owners rated response to treatment as ‘fair’ to ‘excellent’. The most common adverse effects included weight loss, inappetence, vomiting and lethargy.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceVerdinexor could be considered a safe, palliative treatment for canine CETL.
The Method but Not the Protocol Affects Lactate-Threshold Determination in Competitive Swimmers
Authors: Arsoniadis Gavriil G. , Nikitakis Ioannis S. , Peyrebrune Michael , Botonis Petros G. , Toubekis Argyris G. 
Published: July 2024

Purpose: The study validated variables corresponding to lactate threshold (LT) in swimming. Speed (sLT), blood lactate concentration (BLLT), oxygen uptake (VO2LT), and heart rate (HRLT) corresponding to LT were calculated by 2 different incremental protocols and validated in comparison with maximal lactate steady state (MLSS). Methods: Ten competitive swimmers performed a 7 × 200-m front-crawl incremental “step test” with 2 protocols: (1) with 30-second rests between repetitions (short-rest incremental protocols) and (2) on a 5-minute cycle (swim + rest time, long-rest incremental protocols). Five methods were used for the assessment of sLT and corresponding BLLT, VO2LT, and HRLT: intersection of 2 lines, Dmax, modified Dmax, visual inspection, and intersection of combined linear and exponential regression lines. Subsequently, swimmers performed two to three 30-minute continuous efforts to identify speed (sMLSS) and physiological parameters corresponding to MLSS. Results: Both protocols resulted in similar sLT and corresponding physiological variables (P > .05). Bland–Altman plots showed agreement between protocols (sLT, bias: −0.017 [0.002] m·s−1; BLLT, bias: 0.0 [0.5] mmol·L−1; VO2LT, bias: −0.1 [2.2] mL·kg−1·min−1; HRLT. bias: −2 [8] beats·min−1). However, sLT calculated by modified Dmax using short rest was higher compared with speed at MLSS (1.346 [0.076] vs 1.300 [0.101] m·s−1; P < .05). Conclusions: Calculated sLT, BLLT, VO2LT, and HRLT using all other methods in short-rest and long-rest incremental protocols were no different compared with MLSS (P > .05). Both 7 × 200-m protocols are valid for determination of sLT and corresponding physiological parameters, but the modified Dmax method may overestimate sLT.