bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ly6 family proteins in neutrophil biology
Authors: Lee Pui Y , Wang Jun-Xia , Parisini Emilio , Dascher Christopher C , Nigrovic Peter A 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThe murine Ly6 complex was identified 35 years ago using antisera to lymphocytes. With advances in mAb development, molecular cloning, and genome sequencing, &gt;20 structurally related genes have been identified within this complex on chromosome 15. All members of the Ly6 family and their human homologues share the highly conserved LU domain and most also possess a GPI anchor. Interestingly, many Ly6 proteins are expressed in a lineage-specific fashion, and their expression often correlates with stages of differentiation. As a result, Ly6 proteins are frequently used as surface markers for leukocyte subset identification and targets for antibody-mediated depletion. Murine neutrophils display prominent surface expression of several Ly6 proteins, including Ly6B, Ly6C, and Ly6G. Although the physiology of most Ly6 proteins is not well understood, a role in neutrophil functions, such as migration, is recognized increasingly. In this review, we will provide an overview of the Ly6 complex and discuss, in detail, the specific Ly6 proteins implicated in neutrophil biology.
Quantum Measurement Theory in Gravitational-Wave Detectors
Authors: Danilishin Stefan L. , Khalili Farid Ya. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe fast progress in improving the sensitivity of the gravitational-wave detectors, we all have witnessed in the recent years, has propelled the scientific community to the point at which quantum behavior of such immense measurement devices as kilometer-long interferometers starts to matter. The time when their sensitivity will be mainly limited by the quantum noise of light is around the corner, and finding ways to reduce it will become a necessity. Therefore, the primary goal we pursued in this review was to familiarize a broad spectrum of readers with the theory of quantum measurements in the very form it finds application in the area of gravitational-wave detection. We focus on how quantum noise arises in gravitational-wave interferometers and what limitations it imposes on the achievable sensitivity. We start from the very basic concepts and gradually advance to the general linear quantum measurement theory and its application to the calculation of quantum noise in the contemporary and planned interferometric detectors of gravitational radiation of the first and second generation. Special attention is paid to the concept of the Standard Quantum Limit and the methods of its surmounting.
Evaluating Second-Line Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes: Focus on Secondary Effects of GLP-1 Agonists and DPP-4 Inhibitors
Authors: Boland Cassie L , DeGeeter Michelle , Nuzum Donald S , Tzefos Maria 
Published: April 2013

OBJECTIVE To discuss the controversy surrounding selection of second-line type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) therapy by reviewing available data regarding secondary effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1) agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, which include low hypoglycemia risk, weight loss, and cardiovascular (CV) and β-cell function benefits. DATA SOURCES A MEDLINE search (1966–March 2013) was conducted using the following key terms: β-cell protection, blood pressure, DPP-4 inhibitors, exena tide, exenatide extended-release, GLP-1 agonists, hypoglycemia, lina glip tin, lipid, liraglutide, pancreatitis, saxagliptin, sitagliptin, and type 2 diabetes. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION Identified articles published in English were evaluated for inclusion, with priority given to randomized controlled trials in humans receiving incretin monotherapy or incretin combination therapy with metformin. References identified in these articles were reviewed for additional trials. DATA SYNTHESIS Most patients with T2DM use combination therapy; however, determination of the second-line agent that is most appropriate is debatable. Prior to the use of incretin therapies, traditional second-line agents included sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones, and basal insulin, all of which demonstrate undesirable adverse effects. In addition to improving glycemic control, incretin therapies have demonstrated benefits concerning hypoglycemic risk and weight loss in addition to potential improvements in CV risk factors and β-cell function. While there are risks associated with using incretins, most patients with T2DM are good candidates for incretins and could benefit from their potential secondary effects. Cost remains a barrier to initiating these agents. CONCLUSIONS Demonstrated secondary benefits in addition to efficacy may make GLP-1 agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors a more favorable option than other second-line T2DM therapies.
Prevalence of Depression and Anxiety in Adult Patients with β-Thalassemia Major and Intermedia
Authors: Khoury Brigitte , Musallam Khaled M. , Abi-Habib Rudy , Bazzi Lama , Al Ward Zainab , Succar Julien , Halawi Racha , Hankir Ahmed , Koussa Suzanne , Taher Ali T. 
Published: March 2013

Objective: To evaluate and compare the prevalence and risk factors for anxiety and depression in adults with β-thalassemia major (TM) and intermedia (TI). Method: A cross-sectional study of TI and TM patients at a Chronic Care Center in Lebanon. A total of 80 patients agreed to participate (32 TI (median age 24 years) and 48 TM (median age 23 years)). The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) questionnaires were used to assess the depression and anxiety levels of patients, respectively. Data on patient demographics, clinical complications, and socioeconomic status were also collected. Results: Patients with TM had a significantly longer median duration with a known thalassemia diagnosis than patients with TI ( p < 0.001). A considerable proportion of patients had depression (35.0%), State (S)-anxiety (22.5%) or Trait (T)-anxiety (36.2%). Patients with TI had a higher median S-anxiety score compared with TM ( p = 0.035), although the median T-anxiety and depression scores were similar. On linear regression analysis, the significant association between the thalassemia diagnosis (TM versus TI) and S-anxiety score (beta: 5.740; 95% CI: 0.201 to 11.278; p = 0.042) was no longer observed upon adjustment for the co-variate duration with a known thalassemia diagnosis (beta: 3.162; 95% CI: −2.949 to 9.274; p = 0.306). Conclusions: A considerable proportion of adult patients with TM and TI show evidence of depression and anxiety. Patients with TI are more liable to state anxiety than TM patients of a similar age, which is attributed to a shorter duration of living with a thalassemia diagnosis.
Predictors of Depression Symptoms in Patients with Diabetes in Slovakia
Authors: Majdan Marek , Krajcovicova Lenka , Pekarcikova Jarmila , Chereches Razvan , O'Mullane Monica 
Published: March 2013

Objective: The patterns of relationships between diabetes and depression in countries of central and eastern Europe (CEE) might differ from those in countries of western Europe and the United States. Among the reasons are specifics of transitioning healthcare systems (including mental health) and the general social, cultural, and economic background of these countries. The aim of this article is to analyze the prevalence of depression symptoms in patients with diabetes in Slovakia and to identify its predictors. Method: Diabetes patients ( N = 1043) from two diabetes outpatient-care offices were recruited for the study. The Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) was applied to screen for depression symptoms. Patients were categorized into four categories based on depression symptom severity. Demographic and disease-related factors were analyzed as predictors of depression symptoms. Results: In the univariate analysis, a number of factors were associated with increasing severity of depression symptoms. In the multivariate analysis, lower education (OR 0.52; CI 95% 0.33–0.81), and high degree of self-perceived severity of illness (OR 5.33; CI 95% 2.47–12.12) were confirmed as independent predictors of depression symptoms in our patients. Conclusions: Demographic and psychological factors have an important role in developing depression symptoms in patients with diabetes in our population. Further studies into the topic are needed to gain further clues on this topic throughout the Central European region. The findings of this study should be considered by mental health service providers and public health authorities to raise awareness about this important issue.
The Influence of PCAOB Inspections on Audit Committee Members' Judgments
Authors: Persellin Julie S. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT:
This paper experimentally examines whether the likelihood of a Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) audit engagement inspection can moderate the negative incentives created by short-term stock option compensation on audit committee members' decisions. Prior research suggests that short-term option compensation may weaken audit committee member objectivity and oversight quality (Archambeault et al. 2008; Magilke et al. 2009; Keune and Johnstone 2010); however, holding individuals accountable for their actions has been shown to result in less self-serving decisions (Rus et al. 2012). Ninety-two Executive M.B.A.s, serving the role of audit committee members, evaluate a hypothetical audit case that involves a dispute between management and the external auditors, with likelihood of PCAOB inspection and type of compensation manipulated between participants. Results confirm prior research on option compensation, finding that participants show less support for recording a proposed income-reducing audit adjustment when compensated primarily with short-term options rather than cash. In addition, a significant interaction reveals that PCAOB inspection likelihood moderates the effect of compensation form, such that option compensation only causes audit committee members to not recommend recording the proposed adjustment when PCAOB inspection likelihood is low. These results allow stakeholders to gain valuable insights into ways in which loyalties that have been potentially misaligned may be realigned by regulatory requirements aimed at improving the corporate governance process.
Data Availability: Data available upon request.
In Memoriam: Michael McMahon Sheenan, CSB (1925-1992)
Authors: Hogan Brian 
Published: March 2013

Historian Michael M. Sheehan died following a bicycle accident in Toronto on August 23, 1992. He had been quietly battling cancer for some time and during his last year had carefully journaled successive incidents of small seizures. Michael was born in Renfrew, Ontario and entered the Congregation of St. Basil in 1943. He completed undergraduate work at St. Michael's College in 1947, theological studies at St. Basil's Seminary in 1951 and graduate studies at the École des Hautes Études, University of Paris, in 1953. From that year he resided on St. Joseph Street where he completed graduate studies at the Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies (PIMS) and pursued his vocation as teacher, researcher and mentor.
Cutting Edge: The Pathogenicity of IFN-γ–Producing Th17 Cells Is Independent of T-bet
Authors: Duhen Rebekka , Glatigny Simon , Arbelaez Carlos A. , Blair Tiffany C. , Oukka Mohamed , Bettelli Estelle 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
During the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the proportion of pathogenic and myelin-specific cells within CNS-infiltrating cytokine-producing Th cells is unknown. Using an IL-17A/IFN-γ double reporter mouse and I-Ab/myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 38–49 tetramer, we show in this study that IL-17+IFN-γ+ Th cells, which are expanded in the CNS during EAE, are highly enriched in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein–specific T cells. We further demonstrate that IL-23 is essential for the generation and expansion of IFN-γ–producing Th17 cells independently of the Th1-associated transcription factors T-bet, STAT1, and STAT4. Furthermore, Th17 and IL-17+IFN-γ+ Th cells can induce CNS autoimmunity independently of T-bet. Whereas T-bet is crucial for Th1-mediated EAE, it is dispensable for Th17 cell–mediated autoimmunity. Our results suggest the existence of different epigenetic programs that regulate IFN-γ expression in Th1 and Th17 cells.
Bond Strength of Adhesive Systems with Different Solvents to Dry and Wet Dentin
Authors: Barcellos Daphne Câmara , Torres Carlos Rocha Gomes , da Silva Melissa Aline , Rangel Patrícia Maria , Pagani Clovis 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT

Aim
This study evaluates bond strength between dentin and composite using adhesives with different solvents to dry and wet dentin.

Materials and methods
Ninety bovine incisors were used; the vestibular surfaces were worn by the exposure of an area with a diameter of 4 mm of dentin. The specimens were divided into 6 groups, according to the type of adhesive used and hydratation stals: Group SB-wet: Single Bond 2 in wet dentin, Group SBdry: Single Bond 2 in dry dentin, Group SL-wet: Solobond M in wet dentin, Group SL-dry: Solobond M in dentin dry. Group XPwet: XP Bond in wet dentin, Group XP-dry: XP Bond in dentin dry. They were cut to obtain specimens in the shape of stick with 1 × 1 mm and subjected to microtensile test in universal testing machine with a cross speed of 1mm/min. The data were analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey's tests (5%).

Results
ANOVA showed significant differences for surface treatment and interaction, but no difference was found for adhesive factor. The Tukey's test showed that the samples with wet dentin shown higher values of bond strength.

Conclusion
The adhesive did not influence in the bond strength. The groups with wet dentin showed higher values of bond strength than groups with dry dentin.

How to cite this article
Silva MA, Rangel PM, Barcellos DC, Pagani C, Torres CRG. Bond Strength of Adhesive Systems with Different Solvents to Dry and Wet Dentin. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(1):9-13.
Supernumerary Lateral Incisor
Authors: Jayashankar DN , Manjunatha M , Shubhashini N , LNU Shija , Kumar VC Sunil 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTSupernumerary teeth are common in general population and occur frequently in patients with familial trait. However, it is rare to find supernumeraries in individuals with no associated disease or syndrome. Supernumerary teeth are found in any region of maxilla and mandible, with a predisposition for anterior maxilla. A case of endodontically involved supernumerary lateral incisor is described.How to cite this articleKini A, Manjunatha M, Shubhashini N, Shija, Kumar VCS, Jayashankar DN. Supernumerary Lateral Incisor. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(1):129-132.
DiaTreat: A New Method of Communication for Better Diagnosis and Treatment of Dental Problems
Authors: Reddy K Srinivas , Rao N Venugopal , Sudheer A , Reddy R Sunil Kumar , Reddy R Vamshidhar , Reddy P Lakshmipathy 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT

Aim
The aim of this article is to present a simple method of communication between two oral health professionals so that the problem can be conveyed easily and treatment options obtained equally easily and quickly, using current electronic communication technologies.

Background
Treatment of dental problems involves a thorough understanding of the underlying dental and medical conditions. The arena of dentistry being ever changing, with new specialties arising each year, it has become virtually impossible for an average dentist to keep track of all the treatment modalities available for various problems at a given time. It is the duty of a dentist, however, to treat his patients to the best of his ability. Professional ethics bind the other health professionals to render their opinion to the dentist so that the patient will ultimately get the best possible treatment. Method of communication is the only problem remaining in the path to achieving a total oral health care.

Technique
DiaTreat is a unique method of clinical charting by which a dentist can incorporate all the ailments affecting his patient, and by withholding the patients name and address, can communicate with any of his colleagues for their opinion on the best treatment option for his patient.

Conclusion
It is a new and innovative method of communication between a dentist and specialist. Even though it has some shortcomings of its own, on a wider range, the advantages far outweigh the drawbacks of the system.

Clinical and academic significance
This can also be used by educational institutes for easy communication during interdisciplinary exchanges. Improvements need to be made yet to incorporate all the ailments known in dental discipline and make communication a comprehensive one.

How to cite this article
Reddy KS, Reddy RSK, Sudheer A, Reddy RV, Rao NV, Reddy PL. DiaTreat: A New Method of Communication for Better Diagnosis and Treatment of Dental Problems. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(1):158-161.
Who’s Afraid of the Big, Bad European Public Prosecutor?
Authors: Spencer John R. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn 1997 the idea of a European Public Prosecutor was floated in the Corpus Juris Project as one of a series of measures designed to ensure that fraud on the Community budget would be detected and punished. This chapter describes how in the UK the proposal was misrepresented by the eurosceptic press, and how Parliament reacted to the distorted version by changing the law to render any future participation by the UK in a project to create a European Public Prosecutor practically impossible.
Sequence length determinants for self‐assembly of amphipathic β‐sheet peptides
Authors: Lee Naomi R. , Bowerman Charles J. , Nilsson Bradley L. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTAmphipathic peptides composed of alternating hydrophobic and hydrophilic amino acids are a privileged class of peptide, which have a high propensity to self‐assemble into β‐sheet fibrils. The Ac‐(FKFE)2‐NH2 peptide has been extensively studied and forms putative β‐sheet bilayer fibrils in which the hydrophobic Phe side chains are organized to a single face of each constituent sheet; upon bilayer formation, these hydrophobic benzyl groups are sequestered in the hydrophobic core of the resulting fibril. In order for the Phe side chains to be uniformly displayed on one face of Ac‐(FKFE)2‐NH2 β‐sheets, an antiparallel packing orientation in which one amino acid residue is unpaired must be adopted. Based on molecular models, we hypothesized that truncated seven amino acid derivatives of Ac‐(FKFE)2‐NH2 in which either the N‐terminal Phe residue (Ac‐KFEFKFE‐NH2) or the C‐terminal Glu residue (Ac‐FKFEFKF‐NH2) is eliminated should readily self‐assemble into β‐sheet bilayers in which all hydrogen bond and hydrophobic/charge interactions are satisfied. We found, however, that these minute changes in peptide sequence have unanticipated and dramatic effects on the self‐assembly of each peptide. Ac‐FKFEFKF‐NH2 self‐assembled into fibrils with unique morphology relative to the parent peptide, whereas the Ac‐KFEFKFE‐NH2 peptide had a strongly reduced propensity to self‐assemble, even failing to self‐assemble altogether under some conditions. These findings provide significant insight into the effect of sequence length and strand registry as well as hydrophobicity and charge on the self‐assembly of simple amphipathic peptides to illuminate the possibility of tuning self‐assembly processes and the resulting structures with minute changes to peptide sequence. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 100: 738–750, 2013.
Sexually dimorphic expression and estradiol mediated up‐regulation of a sex‐linked ribosomal gene, RPS6, in the zebra finch brain
Authors: Acharya Kalpana D. , Veney Sean L. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTSex‐linked genes are considered to be a major contributor to neural sex differences in zebra finches. While several candidates have been identified, additional ones are continuously being discovered. Here we report on a novel Z‐linked ribosomal gene (rpS6) that is enhanced in the male brain as compared to the female's throughout life. In both sexes, expression of rpS6 is highest at P3 and P8 (just before the onset of morphologically detectable sex differences), decreases around P15, and then remains decreased through adulthood. Analysis of rpS6 mRNA revealed widespread distribution throughout the brain. However, within song regions HVC and RA, mRNA containing cells were greater in males as compared to females. Hormones are also involved in the development of neural dimorphisms, so we additionally investigated whether rpS6 might interact with estradiol (E2). An up‐regulation of rpS6 gene was observed in both sexes following treatment with E2 and the effect was approximately twice as large in males as compared with females. These data suggest that rpS6 may be involved in sexual differentiation of the zebra finch brain, and that the effect is facilitated by E2. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 73: 599–608, 2013
A canonical response of precipitation characteristics to global warming from CMIP5 models
Authors: Lau William K.‐M. , Wu H.‐T. , Kim K.‐M. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn this study, we find from analyses of projections of 14 CMIP5 models a robust, canonical global response in rainfall characteristics to a warming climate. Under a scenario of 1% increase per year of CO2 emission, the model ensemble projects globally more heavy precipitation (+7 ± 2.4%K−1), less moderate precipitation (−2.5 ± 0.6%K−1), more light precipitation (+1.8 ± 1.3%K−1), and increased length of dry (no‐rain) periods (+4.7 ± 2.1%K−1). Regionally, a majority of the models project a consistent response with more heavy precipitation over climatologically wet regions of the deep tropics, especially the equatorial Pacific Ocean and the Asian monsoon regions, and more dry periods over the land areas of the subtropics and the tropical marginal convective zones. Our results suggest that increased CO2 emissions induce a global adjustment in circulation and moisture availability manifested in basic changes in global precipitation characteristics, including increasing risks of severe floods and droughts in preferred geographic locations worldwide.
The plumbing of Old Faithful Geyser revealed by hydrothermal tremor
Authors: Vandemeulebrouck J. , Roux P. , Cros E. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractOld Faithful Geyser in Yellowstone National Park (USA) has attracted numerous scientific investigations for over two centuries to better understand its geological structure, the physics of its eruptions, and the controls of its intermittency. Using data acquired with a seismic array in 1992, we track the sources of hydrothermal tremor produced by boiling and cavitation inside the geyser. The location of seismic sources identifies a previously unknown lateral cavity at 15 m below the surface, on the SW side of the vent, and connected to the conduit. This reservoir is activated at the beginning of each geyser eruption cycle and plays a major role in the oscillatory behavior of the water level in the conduit before each eruption.
A connection to deep groundwater alters ecosystem carbon fluxes and budgets: Example from a Costa Rican rainforest
Authors: Genereux David P. , Nagy Laura A. , Osburn Christopher L. , Oberbauer Steven F. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractField studies of watershed carbon fluxes and budgets are critical for understanding the carbon cycle, but the role of deep regional groundwater is poorly known and field examples are lacking. Here we show that discharge of regional groundwater into a lowland Costa Rican rainforest has a major influence on ecosystem carbon fluxes. This influence is observable through chemical, isotopic, and flux signals in groundwater, surface water, and air. Not addressing the influence of regional groundwater in the field measurement program and data analysis would give a misleading impression of the overall carbon source or sink status of the rainforest. In quantifying a carbon budget with the traditional “small watershed” mass balance approach, it would be critical at this site and likely many others to consider watershed inputs or losses associated with exchange between the ecosystem and the deeper hydrogeological system on which it sits.