bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic information and biological insights in chronic lymphocytic leukemia by high‐resolution immunophenotypic analysis of ZAP70
Authors: Kaplan David , Sun Zhuoxin , Tallman Martin S. , Flinn Ian W. , Xiao Wenbin , Caimi Paolo F. , Kaye Nicholas M. , Lazarus Hillard M. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe E2997 Phase III trial included preservation of valuable chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patient specimens and relevant clinical outcome data. Using a novel high‐resolution technology on a flow cytometry platform, we assessed 79 E2997 samples for the expression of 27 analytes that reflected the activity of signaling pathways and apoptosis. We found that the expression levels of ZAP70 segregated the samples into two subpopulations with the distribution showing a peak‐trough‐peak configuration. Although prior assessment of ZAP70 by standard procedures did not reveal any prognostic information, we found by using the trough in the distribution as a cutpoint that ZAP70 expression levels were significantly correlated with both progression‐free survival and overall survival. Additionally, the cells expressing high versus low levels of ZAP70 demonstrated distinct molecular organization as indicated by the other analytes assessed. Our analysis demonstrates the value of ZAP70 expression as a prognostic indicator and suggests that the different clinical results may be due to the distinct molecular biology of the ZAP70‐low versus the ZAP70‐high CLL samples. © 2014 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Efficient mobile dynamic ID authentication and key agreement scheme without trusted servers
Authors: Lin Han‐Yu 
Published: May 2014

SummaryRemote user authentication schemes allow an authorized user to access the resources of remote servers. A dynamic ID authentication scheme further provides the property of user anonymity, that is, information of user identification will not be compromised even if communicated messages are intercepted. When it comes to the mobile user authentication, the client‐side processing capability is usually concerned the most. In this paper, the author proposes an efficient mobile dynamic ID authentication and key agreement scheme without trusted servers. For facilitating the application of mobile devices with limited processing capability, our scheme is optimized for the client‐side computation. Moreover, compared with related works, the proposed scheme is also more secure. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nucleophilic gem‐Difluoro(phenylsulfanyl)methylation of Carbonyl Compounds with PhSCF2H in the Presence of a Phosphazene as a Base
Authors: Punirun Teerachai , Soorukram Darunee , Kuhakarn Chutima , Reutrakul Vichai , Pohmakotr Manat 
Published: May 2014

AbstractDirect nucleophilic gem‐difluoro(phenylsulfanyl)methylation of carbonyl compounds has been achieved by use of difluoro(phenylsulfanyl)methane (PhSCF2H) and the phosphazene base P4‐tBu in THF. Non‐enolizable aldehydes and ketones are suitable substrates to undergo nucleophilic gem‐difluoro(phenylsulfanyl)methylation, providing α‐gem‐difluoromethylated adducts in good yields. In addition, this methodology is also applicable with cyclic imides and acid anhydrides.
Synthesis and Characterization of Oxadisilole‐Fused 9‐Aminoacridines and 12‐Aminobenzo[b]acridines
Authors: Chen Xuanming , Zhang Yajuan , Chen Yali , Zhang Jie , Chen Jingda , Li Minjie , Cao Weiguo , Chen Jie 
Published: May 2014

AbstractOxadisilole‐fused 9‐aminoacridines and 12‐aminobenzo[b]acridines have been synthesized by the nucleophilic addition and 1,5‐hydrogen shift reaction of arynes with 2‐aminobenzonitriles in good yield at room temperature. Dioxatrisilole‐fused 9‐aminoacridines have also been obtained. The photophysical, redox, and thermal properties of these compounds have been determined. The oxadisilole‐fused 9‐aminoacridines show potential for use as blue emitters for OLED applications, because of their high fluorescence quantum yields and good thermal stabilities. The proposed mechanism was also studied. Theoretical calculations on the HOMO and LUMO values of these compounds were performned.
Laser heat hyperalgesia is not a feature of non‐specific chronic low back pain
Authors: Franz M. , Ritter A. , Puta C. , Nötzel D. , Miltner W.H.R. , Weiss T. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundBased upon studies using mechanical pin‐prick, pressure, electrical or heat stimuli applied to painful and/or pain‐free parts of the body, chronic low back pain (CLBP) has been shown to be associated with generalized and enhanced pain sensitivity and altered brain responses to noxious stimuli. To date, no study examined the processing of noxious laser heat pulses, which are known to selectively excite thermal nociceptors located in the superficial skin layers, in CLBP.MethodsWe studied laser heat pain thresholds (LHPTs) and nociceptive laser‐evoked brain electrical potentials (LEPs) following skin stimulation of the pain‐affected back and the pain‐free abdomen using noxious laser heat stimulation in 16 CLBP patients and 16 age‐ and gender‐matched healthy controls (HCs).ResultsWe observed no statistically significant differences in LHPTs between CLBP patients and HCs, neither on the back nor on the abdomen. Furthermore, we found no evidence for altered brain responses between CLBP patients and HCs in response to stimulation of the back and abdomen in single‐trial latencies and amplitudes of LEP components (N2, P2).ConclusionThe results are in contrast to previous studies showing hypersensitivity to different experimental noxious stimuli (e.g., contact heat). We argue that these discrepancies may be due to low spatial and temporal summation within the central nervous system following laser heat stimulation. Our results indicate important methodological differences between laser heat and thermode stimulation that should be taken into account when interpreting results, such as from thermal quantitative sensory testing.
Meiotic cohesin STAG3 is required for chromosome axis formation and sister chromatid cohesion
Authors: Winters Tristan , McNicoll Francois , Jessberger Rolf 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe cohesin complex is essential for mitosis and meiosis. The specific meiotic roles of individual cohesin proteins are incompletely understood. We report in vivo functions of the only meiosis‐specific STAG component of cohesin, STAG3. Newly generated STAG3‐deficient mice of both sexes are sterile with meiotic arrest. In these mice, meiotic chromosome architecture is severely disrupted as no bona fide axial elements (AE) form and homologous chromosomes do not synapse. Axial element protein SYCP3 forms dot‐like structures, many partially overlapping with centromeres. Asynapsis marker HORMAD1 is diffusely distributed throughout the chromatin, and SYCP1, which normally marks synapsed axes, is largely absent. Centromeric and telomeric sister chromatid cohesion are impaired. Centromere and telomere clustering occurs in the absence of STAG3, and telomere structure is not severely affected. Other cohesin proteins are present, localize throughout the STAG3‐devoid chromatin, and form complexes with cohesin SMC1β. No other deficiency in a single meiosis‐specific cohesin causes a phenotype as drastic as STAG3 deficiency. STAG3 emerges as the key STAG cohesin involved in major functions of meiotic cohesin.
ICK is essential for cell type‐specific ciliogenesis and the regulation of ciliary transport
Authors: Chaya Taro , Omori Yoshihiro , Kuwahara Ryusuke , Furukawa Takahisa 
Published: May 2014

AbstractCilia and flagella are formed and maintained by intraflagellar transport (IFT) and play important roles in sensing and moving across species. At the distal tip of the cilia/flagella, IFT complexes turn around to switch from anterograde to retrograde transport; however, the underlying regulatory mechanism is unclear. Here, we identified ICK localization at the tip of cilia as a regulator of ciliary transport. In ICK‐deficient mice, we found ciliary defects in neuronal progenitor cells with Hedgehog signal defects. ICK‐deficient cells formed cilia with mislocalized Hedgehog signaling components. Loss of ICK caused the accumulation of IFT‐A, IFT‐B, and BBSome components at the ciliary tips. In contrast, overexpression of ICK induced the strong accumulation of IFT‐B, but not IFT‐A or BBSome components at ciliary tips. In addition, ICK directly phosphorylated Kif3a, while inhibition of this Kif3a phosphorylation affected ciliary formation. Our results suggest that ICK is a Kif3a kinase and essential for proper ciliogenesis in development by regulating ciliary transport at the tip of cilia.
Efficient Ternary CdSSe Quantum‐Dot‐Sensitized Solar Cells based on MgO‐coated TiO2 Nanoparticles
Authors: Li Hui , Xiao Ran , Li Zhe , Zhan Yawen , Bian Haidong , Nie Biao , Chen Zhenhua , Lu Jian , Li Yang Yang 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe high rate of charge recombination in quantum‐dot‐sensitized solar cells (QDSCs) limits their power conversion efficiency. Here we address a facile way to reduce back electron transfer of QDSCs by introducing a thin MgO bridge layer between the TiO2 film and quantum dots. The ternary CdSSe QDs were used as our model system, and the MgO‐coated TiO2‐based ternary QDSCs showed a fill factor 41 % larger and efficiency 29 % higher than non‐coated ones. The enhanced performance is owing to the reduced recombination induced by the MgO bridge layer, which has been confirmed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and intensity‐modulated photovoltage spectroscopy (IMVS) analysis.
Kinematic interaction factors of deep foundations with inclined piles
Authors: Medina Cristina , Padrón Luis A. , Aznárez Juan J. , Santana Ariel , Maeso Orlando 
Published: May 2014

SUMMARYThe beneficial or detrimental role of battered piles on the dynamic response of piled foundations has not been yet fully elucidated. In order to shed more light on this aspect, kinematic interaction factors of deep foundations with inclined piles, are provided for single‐battered piles, as well as for 2 × 2 and 3 × 3 groups of piles subjected to vertically incident plane shear S waves. Piles are modelled as linear‐elastic Bernoulli beams, whereas soil is assumed to be a linear, isotropic, homogeneous viscoelastic half‐space. Different pile group configurations, pile‐soil stiffness ratios, and rake angles are considered. The relevance and main trends observed in the influence of the rake angle on the kinematic interaction factors of the analysed foundations are inferred from the presented results. An important dependence of the kinematic interaction factors on the rake angle is observed together with the existence of an inclination angle at which cap rotation and excitation become out of phase in the low‐to‐mid frequency range. The existence of a small batter angle that provides minimum cap rotation is also shown. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electric Regulation: FERC Streamlines Natural Gas/Electric Integration, Increasing Natural Gas Demand
Authors: Bowden Nicholas S. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe Federal Energy Regulatory Commission's (FERC's) release of a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NOPR) on March 20, 2014, provides another sign of the importance that natural gas will play in the future of electric power generation in the United States. FERC's NOPR proposes to revise standards for pipeline business operations and communications, including changes to the industry's operating day and the scheduling of transportation service. FERC states clearly that the impetus for the revisions is the “increased reliance on natural gas for electric generation.”
Unexpected Formation of Highly Strained 2,5‐Dioxa‐3‐Silabicyclo[2.1.0]Pentane by the Reaction of Isolable Dialkylsilylene with Benzil
Authors: Ishida Shintaro , Uchida Kenya , Iwamoto Takeaki 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTThe reaction of isolable dialkylsilylene 1 with benzil gave [1+4] cycloadduct 1,3‐dioxa‐2‐sila‐cyclopent‐4‐ene 2 and unexpected 2,5‐dioxa‐3‐silabicyclo[2.1.0]pentane derivative 3. Compound 3 slowly isomerized to 2. The global reaction route mapping method of the model compounds suggests that three reaction paths from an initial silylene–ketone complex (carbonyl silaylide) to 2. A large ring strain energy of model compound for 3 (3′) (218.9 kJ·mol−1) was estimated by density functional theory calculations.
Tetrakis(di‐tert‐butylmethylsilyl)digermene: Synthesis, Structure, Electrochemical Properties, and Reactivity
Authors: Lee Vladimir Ya , McNiece Kiera , Ito Yuki , Sekiguchi Akira , Geinik Natalie , Becker James Y. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTThe tetrasilyl‐substituted digermene (tBu2MeSi)2GeGe(SiMetBu2)2 1 was prepared by the reduction of the readily available 1,1‐dichlorogermane (tBu2MeSi)2GeCl2 with potassium graphite. Compound 1 is a rather unusual example of a digermene featuring planar geometry at the doubly bonded germanium atoms, on the one hand, and an extraordinarily twisted GeGe bond, on the other hand, caused by the electronic and steric factors of the bulky σ‐donating silyl substituents. Although it maintains the structural integrity of its double bond in solution, 1 revealed reactivity that is not characteristic of the >GeGe< bond but is typical for germylenes >Ge: upon reaction with nucleophilic reagents (isocyanide, orthoquinone). Unlike common alkenes, 1 affords stable cation and anion radicals generated by cyclic voltammetry.
MiRNA expression in breast cancer varies with lymph node metastasis and other clinicopathologic features
Authors: Wang Bin , Li Jindong , Sun Mei , Sun Lihua , Zhang Xingyi 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBreast carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor in females, and lymph node (LN) status is one of the most important prognostic factors in patients with breast cancer. MiRNAs have been shown to have important role in oncogenesis, invasion, and metastasis via epigenetic post‐transcriptional gene regulation. However, lymphatic metastasis‐related miRNAs of breast cancer has not been well documented. The aim of this study was to identify and evaluate miRNAs related to breast cancer LN metastasis and to explore the clinical significance of the differentially expressed miRNAs in patients with breast cancer. The expression of miRNAs in patients with primary breast cancer with LN metastasis and that without LN metastases was compared by miRNA microarray. We further validated the miRNAs (miR‐185‐5p, miR‐339‐5p, miR‐542‐5p, and miR‐3923) between LN (n = 31) and nonlymph node (NLN; n = 42) group using real‐time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, the relationship between miRNA expression and clinical pathological features was analyzed. The miRNA microarray initially identified that eight miRNAs (miR‐206, miR‐3923, miR‐181a, miR‐92a, miR‐421, miR‐339‐5p, miR‐3196, and miR‐29b) were downregulated in LN metastasis group, whereas five miRNAs (miR‐542‐5p, miR‐200a, miR‐564, miR‐451, miR‐30c, miR‐200b, miR‐191‐3p, miR‐142‐5p, and miR‐185‐5p) were upregulated in LN group when compared with those in NLN group. In the validation cohort, the expression levels of miR‐185‐5p and miR‐542‐5p were significantly expressed higher in LN group (P = 0.002 and P = 0.001, respectively), and the expression levels of miR‐339‐5p and miR‐3923 were significantly expressed lower in LN group (P = 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively). Our results indicate the potential role of miR‐185‐5p, miR‐542‐5p, miR‐339‐5p, and miR‐3923 in predicting metastasis to the LN and prognosis in breast cancers. © 2014 IUBMB Life, 66(5):371–377, 2014
Comparative authentication of three “snow lotus” herbs by macroscopic and microscopic features
Authors: Chen Qilei , Yi Tao , Tang Yina , Wong Lai Lai , Huang Xiaoxuan , Zhao Zhongzhen , Chen Hubiao 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT“Snow lotus” is a famous Chinese Materia Medica derived from species of the genus Saussurea (Compositae). To differentiate three representative easily‐confused snow lotus herbs, namely, Saussurea involucrata (Kar. et Kir.) Sch.‐Bip, Saussurea laniceps Hand.‐Mazz., and Saussurea medusa Maxim., macroscopic features of the three herbs were systemically observed, and microscopic features were compared by using ordinary light microscopy, polarized light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicate that, as for macroscopic identification, capitula situation and arrangement, and as for microscopic identification, pollen grains, nonglandular hairs, glandular hairs, and cells of inner surface of the microdiodange can be used to authenticate the three snow lotus herbs. Comprehensive table comparing the characteristics were presented in this study. SEM has been found to provide a number of unique characteristics of pollen grains. Based on the observation of pollen grains, evolution sequence of the three species was speculated. The present method was proven to be efficient, convenient, simple, and reliable, which was successfully applied to the authentication of three snow lotus herbs. Microsc. Res. Tech.1 77:631–641, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Role of intercostal trocars on laparoscopic liver resection for tumors in segments 7 and 8
Authors: Lee Woohyung , Han Ho‐Seong , Yoon Yoo‐Seok , Cho Jai Young , Choi YoungRok , Shin Hong Kyung 
Published: May 2014

Abstract Performing laparoscopic liver resection for lesions located in segment 7 and 8 is technically difficult, as the operative field is far from the conventional trocar site, and the liver impedes free motion of the laparoscopic instrument. Inserting the port through the intercostal space (ICS) may facilitate liver resection for these lesions. From January 2012 to July 2013, five patients (four men and one woman) underwent laparoscopic S7 or 8 segmentectomy for liver metastasis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Ports were inserted at the 7th and 9th ICS, respectively, in addition to conventional abdominal ports. The mean age was 58 ± 10 (45–74) years; operation time, 197 ± 68 (110–300) minutes; blood loss, 161 ± 138 (40–320) ml; and length of hospital stay, 7 ± 3 (4–12) days. Pathologic findings revealed three, one, and one case(s) of colon cancer metastasis, breast cancer metastasis, and HCC, respectively. The mean tumor size and tumor‐free margin were 2.2 ± 1.1 cm and 5.8 ± 1.9 mm, respectively. There were no postoperative complications. Laparoscopic liver resection using intercostal trocars could be a useful method for tumors located in segments 7 and 8 of the liver in selected patients.
Comparing four volumetric modulated arc therapy beam arrangements for the treatment of early‐stage prostate cancer
Authors: Elith Craig A. , Dempsey Shane E. , Warren‐Forward Helen M. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIntroductionThis study compared four different volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) beam arrangements for the treatment of early‐stage prostate cancer examining plan quality and the impact on a radiotherapy department's resources.MethodsTwenty prostate cases were retrospectively planned using four VMAT beam arrangements (1) a partial arc (PA), (2) one arc (1A), (3) one arc plus a partial arc (1A + PA) and (4) two arcs (2A). The quality of the dose distributions generated were compared by examining the overall plan quality, the homogeneity and conformity to the planning target volume (PTV), the number of monitor units and the dose delivered to the organs at risk. Departmental resources were considered by recording the planning time and beam delivery time.ResultsEach technique produced a plan of similar quality that was considered adequate for treatment; though some differences were noted. The 1A, 1A + PA and 2A plans demonstrated a better conformity to the PTV which correlated to improved sparing of the rectum in the 60–70 Gy range for the 1A + PA and 2A techniques. The time needed to generate the plans was different for each technique ranging from 13.1 min for 1A + PA to 17.8 min for 1A. The PA beam delivery time was fastest with a mean time of 0.9 min. Beam‐on times then increased with an increase in the number of arcs up to an average of 2.2 min for the 2A technique.ConclusionWhich VMAT technique is best suited for clinical implementation for the treatment of prostate cancer may be dictated by the individual patient and the availability of departmental resources.
Effect of sorghum type and malting on production of free amino nitrogen in conjunction with exogenous protease enzymes
Authors: Dlamini Bhekisisa C , Buys Elna M , Taylor John RN 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDSorghum types suitable for brewing and bioethanol production are required. The effect of sorghum type (white non‐tannin versus white type II tannin) on free amino nitrogen (FAN) production from sorghum grain and malt using exogenous protease enzymes was investigated over extended incubation at moderate temperature (45 °C).RESULTSWith grain in the absence of exogenous proteases, white non‐tannin sorghum produced substantially higher levels of FAN than white type II tannin sorghum, due to the tannins in the latter. Incubating sorghum grain with neutral proteinase and amino‐peptidase in combination improved FAN production. The two sorghum types produced similar FAN levels when malted and incubated in the absence of the exogenous proteases. When both sorghums were malted and incubated with neutral proteinase alone substantially more FAN yield (124–126 mg 100 g−1) occurred than with grains (61–84 mg 100 g−1). The combination of amino‐peptidase and proteinase did not improve FAN further. Neither, did malting influence wort free amino acid profile. Group B amino acids constituted the highest percentage (42–47%).CONCLUSIONWith grain, white non‐tannin sorghum plus proteinase and amino‐peptidase yields the highest FAN, with malt both white non‐tannin and white type II tannin sorghums plus proteinase yield the highest FAN. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Estimation of bird‐vehicle collision mortality on U.S. roads
Authors: Loss Scott R. , Will Tom , Marra Peter P. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTRoads have numerous direct and indirect ecological impacts on wildlife. Vehicle collisions are a top impact of roads on birds, with tens of millions of birds thought to be killed each year in the United States. However, currently available mortality estimates are extrapolated from a single study. We reviewed the literature and used 20 mortality rates extracted from 13 studies to systematically quantify data‐driven estimates of annual U.S. mortality from bird‐vehicle collisions. We generated 4 separate estimates along with uncertainty using different subsets of data deemed to be rigorous enough to contribute relatively little bias to estimates. All of our estimates of vehicle mortality are higher than previous U.S. figures. When averaging across model iterations, we estimated that between 89 and 340 million birds die annually from vehicle collisions on U.S. roads. Sensitivity analyses indicated that uncertainty about survey‐related biases (scavenger removal and searcher detection of carcasses) contributes the greatest amount of uncertainty to our mortality estimates. Future studies should account for these biases to provide more accurate local estimates of mortality rates and to inform more precise national mortality estimates. We found relatively little information available to quantify regional, seasonal, and taxonomic patterns of vehicle collision risk, and substantial uncertainty remains about whether collisions contribute to large‐scale impacts on bird populations. Nonetheless, the large magnitude of bird mortality caused by vehicle collisions combined with evidence that collisions can contribute to local population declines for some species highlights the need for implementation of conservation and management actions to reduce this mortality. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.