bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Semi-Analytic Solution for Flow in Finite-Conductivity Vertical Fractures Using Fractal Theory
Authors: Cossio Manuel 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The exploitation of unconventional reservoirs goes hand in hand with the practice of hydraulic fracturing and, with an ever increasing demand in energy, this practice is set to experience significant growth in the coming years. Sophisticated analytic models are needed to accurately describe fluid flow in a hydraulic fracture and the problem has been approached from different directions in the past 3 decades, starting with the work of Gringarten et al. (1974) for an infinite conductivity case, followed by contributions from Cinco et al. (1978), Lee and Brockenbrough (1986), Ozkan and Raghavan (1991) and Blasingame and Poe (1993) for a finite-conductivity case. This topic is still an active area of research and, for the more complicated physical scenarios such as multiple transverse fractures in ultra-tight reservoirs, answers are presently being sought.
Starting with the seminal work of Chang and Yortsos (1990), fractal theory has been successfully applied to pressure transient testing, albeit with an emphasis on the effects of natural fractures in pressure-rate behavior. In this paper, we begin by performing a rigorous analytical and numerical study of the Fractal Diffusivity Equation and show that it is more fundamental than the classic linear and radial diffusivity equations. Subsequently, we combine the Fractal Diffusivity Equation with the trilinear flow model (Lee and Brockenbrough 1986), culminating in a new semi-analytic solution for flow in a finite-conductivity vertical fracture which we name the "Fractal Fracture Solution". This new solution is very fast and its accuracy is comparable to that of the Blasingame and Poe solution (1993). In its final, closed form, it is valid for a dimensionless fracture conductivity FcD ≥ 3. Ultimately, this project is a demonstration of the untapped potential of fractal theory; our approach is very flexible and we are optimistic about extending the same methodology to develop new solutions for pressing problems that the industry currently faces, the only caveat being that it must calibrated to a known solution or production history.
Microbial Biomass for Improving Sweep Efficiency in Fractured Carbonate Reservoir Using Date Molasses as Renewable Feed Substrate
Authors: Al-Hattali R. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Selective plugging by microbial biomass is one of the proposed mechanisms for improving reservoir sweep efficiency in highly fractured reservoirs. In this study, the potential of Bacillus licheniformis strains isolated from oil contaminated soil from the Sultanate of Oman was tested for their ability to grow in induced fractures in carbonate rocks and to divert subsequent injection water to the unswept matrix zones.
Three B. licheniformis strains were tested: B17, B29 and W16. Their ability to grow in minimal media with Omani date molasses as the sole carbon source was investigated. Two different concentrations of date molasses (3% & 8% w/v) were tested. It was found that the higher concentration of molasses gave higher growth rate for all strains.
The combination of B. licheniformis strain W16 in a minimal medium containing 3% molasses was the optimum condition for maximum cell growth within 18 hours of incubation. Standard Indiana limestone core plugs were used for coreflooding experiments where a fracture was induced by slicing the cores vertically into two sections using a thin blade. The bacterial cells were injected into the cores and the ability of the microbes to grow and plug the fracture was examined.
Coreflooding experiments showed promising results where enhancement of oil recovery was observed after bacterial injection. A total of 28.57% of the residual oil was produced after 18 hours of incubation. The results showed the high potential of using date molasses as the carbon source for microbial biomass production for selective plugging in fractured reservoirs.
Audit Partner Perceptions of Post-Audit Review Mechanisms: An Examination of Internal Quality Reviews and PCAOB Inspections
Authors: Houston Richard W. , Stefaniak Chad M. 
Published: October 2012

SYNOPSIS
This study reports the results of a survey of 107 audit partners from large public accounting firms that investigates and compares partner perceptions of Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) inspections' and Internal Quality Reviews (IQRs): (1) predictability, (2) conduct, (3) reviewer qualifications and behavior, and (4) effects (i.e., on audits, partners, and firms). A majority of partners can or try to predict the year of both reviews and perceive that, relative to PCAOB inspections, IQR reviewers have a better understanding of firms' audit methodologies, IQRs focus more on whether firms follow their methodology, and IQRs examine more audit areas. In addition, partners believe that PCAOB inspectors are more focused on finding deficiencies than are IQR reviewers, and that IQR feedback is more timely and helpful for improving audit quality. Both reviews are perceived to impact professional reputation; however, partners perceive that PCAOB inspections increase their firms' litigation risk more so than do IQRs. Finally, less experienced partners perceive reviews as more invasive and as posing more consequences than do more experienced partners. We provide credible, informed perceptions of partners directly involved in both PCAOB inspections and IQRs (which heretofore have not been examined directly by practitioner or academic research) that should be beneficial to accounting researchers, practicing auditors, and regulatory bodies interested in understanding the perceived effects and effectiveness of PCAOB inspections and IQRs.
The effect of acetylcholine on Characeae K+ channels at rest and during action potential generation
Authors: Kisnieriene Vilma , Ditchenko Tatiana , Kudryashov Anatoly , Sakalauskas Vidmantas , Yurin Vladimir , Ruksenas Osvaldas 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The role of acetylcholine (ACh) as a signalling molecule in plants was investigated using a model system of Characeae cells. The effect of ACh on conductance of K+ channels in Nitella flexilis cells and on the action potential generation in Nitellopsis obtusa cells after H+-ATPase inhibition, where repolarization occurs after the opening of outward rectifying K+ channels, was investigated. Voltage-clamp method based on only one electrode impalement was used to evaluate the activity of separate potassium ion transport system at rest. We found that ACh at high concentrations (1 mM and 5 mM) activates K+ channels as the main membrane transport system at the resting state involved in electrogenesis of Characeaen membrane potential. We observed that ACh caused an increase in duration of AP repolarization of cells in K+ state when plasmalemma electrical characteristics are determined by large conductance K+ channels irrespective of whether AP were spontaneous or electrically evoked. These results indicate interference of ACh with electrical cellular signalling pathway in plants.
Gender-based differences in the effect of dietary cholesterol in rats
Authors: Marounek Milan , Volek Zdeněk , Skřivanová Eva , Czauderna Marian 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Male and female rats were fed diets supplemented with cholesterol and palm fat at 10 and 50 g/kg, respectively; serum, hepatic tissue and faeces were analysed. Cholesterol supplementation significantly increased serum and hepatic cholesterol both in male and female rats. Male and female rats fed the cholesterol-containing diet differed significantly in serum cholesterol concentration (2.48 µmol/mL vs 2.92 µmol/mL), concentration of serum triacylglycerols, but not in hepatic cholesterol concentration. The serum and hepatic cholesterol concentrations correlated non-significantly in male rats (r=0.491; P=0.063) and significantly in female rats (r=0.818; P<0.001). Cholesterol supplementation non-significantly decreased relative expression of the hepatic LDL receptor gene and significantly increased relative expression of the hepatic cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase gene in rats of both genders. The faeces of control rats contained similar amounts of cholesterol and bile acids. Cholesterol supplementation increased cholesterol concentration 10 times in the faeces of male rats and 12 times in faeces of female rats. The corresponding increases of bile acid concentration were much lower (83% in male rats and 108% in female rats). It can be concluded that the effects of cholesterol supplementation were more pronounced in female than in male rats.
On complete pseudo-BL-algebras. A Cantor-Bernstein type theorem
Authors: Walendziak Andrzej , Wojciechowska-Rysiawa Magdalena 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Pseudo-BL-algebras are a noncommutative extention of BL-algebras. In this paper we consider polars in pseudo-BL-algebras and the class of complete pseudo-BL-algebras. In the final section, a version of the Cantor-Bernstein theorem will be proved.
On BO-algebras
Authors: Kim Chang , Kim Hee 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce the notion of a BO-algebra, and we prove that every BO-algebra is 0-commutative, and we show that BO-algebras, 0-commutative B-algebras, BM-algebras, p-semisimple BCI-algebras and abelian groups are logically equivalent.
Tying up baric algebras
Authors: Oller-Marcén Antonio 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Given two baric algebras (A
1, ω
1) and (A
2, ω
2) we describe a way to define a new baric algebra structure over the vector space A
1 ⊕ A
2, which we shall denote (A
1 ⋈ A
2, ω
1 ⋈ ω
2). We present some easy properties of this construction and we show that in the commutative and unital case it preserves indecomposability. Algebras of the form A
1 ⋈ A
2 in the associative, coutable-dimensional, zero-characteristic case are classified.
Convergence rates in the complete moment of moving-average processes
Authors: Zang Qing-pei 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
In this paper, we discuss precise asymptotics for a new kind of moment convergence of the moving-average process $$X_k = \sum\limits_{i = - \infty }^\infty {a_{i + k} \varepsilon _i }$$, k ≥1, where {ε
i: −∞ < i < ∞} is a doubly infinite sequence of independent identically distributed random variables with mean zero and the finiteness of variance, {α
i: −∞ < i < ∞} is an absolutely summable sequence of real numbers, i.e., $$\sum\limits_{i = - \infty }^\infty {\left| {a_i } \right| < \infty }$$.
Asymptotic properties for the loglog laws under positive association
Authors: Yang Xiao-Rong , Fu Ke-Ang 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Let {X
n: n ≥ 1} be a strictly stationary sequence of positively associated random variables with mean zero and finite variance. Set $$S_n = \sum\limits_{k = 1}^n {X_k }$$, $$Mn = \mathop {\max }\limits_{k \leqslant n} \left| {S_k } \right|$$, n ≥ 1. Suppose that $$0 < \sigma ^2 = EX_1^2 + 2\sum\limits_{k = 2}^\infty {EX_1 X_k < \infty }$$. In this paper, we prove that if E|X
1|2+δ
< for some δ ∈ (0, 1], and $$\sum\limits_{j = n + 1}^\infty {Cov\left( {X_1 ,X_j } \right) = O\left( {n^{ - \alpha } } \right)}$$ for some α > 1, then for any b > −1/2 $$\mathop {\lim }\limits_{\varepsilon \searrow 0} \varepsilon ^{2b + 1} \sum\limits_{n = 1}^\infty {\frac{{(\log \log n)^{b - 1/2} }}
{{n^{3/2} \log n}}} E\left\{ {M_n - \sigma \varepsilon \sqrt {2n\log \log n} } \right\}_ + = \frac{{2^{ - 1/2 - b} E\left| N \right|^{2(b + 1)} }}
{{(b + 1)(2b + 1)}}\sum\limits_{k = 0}^\infty {\frac{{( - 1)^k }}
{{(2k + 1)^{2(b + 1)} }}}$$ and $$\mathop {\lim }\limits_{\varepsilon \nearrow \infty } \varepsilon ^{ - 2(b + 1)} \sum\limits_{n = 1}^\infty {\frac{{(\log \log n)^b }}
{{n^{3/2} \log n}}E\left\{ {\sigma \varepsilon \sqrt {\frac{{\pi ^2 n}}
{{8\log \log n}}} - M_n } \right\}} _ + = \frac{{\Gamma (b + 1/2)}}
{{\sqrt 2 (b + 1)}}\sum\limits_{k = 0}^\infty {\frac{{( - 1)^k }}
{{(2k + 1)^{2b + 2} }}} ,$$ where x
+ = max{x, 0}, N is a standard normal random variable, and Γ(·) is a Gamma function.
Automatic Joint Alignment Measurements in Pre- and Post-operative Long Leg Standing Radiographs
Authors: Weber G. M. , Dries S. P. M. , Gooßen A. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryObjectives: For diagnosis or treatment assessment of knee joint osteoarthritis it is required to measure bone morphometry from radiographic images. We propose a method for automatic measurement of joint alignment from pre-operative as well as post-operative radiographs.Methods: In a two step approach we first detect and segment any implants or other artificial objects within the image. We exploit physical characteristics and avoid prior shape information to cope with the vast amount of implant types. Subsequently, we exploit the implant delineations to adapt the initialization and adaptation phase of a dedicated bone segmentation scheme using deformable template models. Implant and bone contours are fused to derive the final joint segmentation and thus the alignment measurements.Results: We evaluated our method on clinical long leg radiographs and compared both the initialization rate, corresponding to the number of images successfully processed by the proposed algorithm, and the accuracy of the alignment measurement. Ground truth has been generated by an experienced orthopedic surgeon. For comparison a second reader reevaluated the measurements. Experiments on two sets of 70 and 120 digital radiographs show that 92% of the joints could be processed automatically and the derived measurements of the automatic method are comparable to a human reader for pre-operative as well as post-operative images with a typical error of 0.7° and correlations of r = 0.82 to r = 0.99 with the ground truth.Conclusions: The proposed method allows deriving objective measures of joint alignment from clinical radiographs. Its accuracy and precision are on par with a human reader for all evaluated measurements.
A Novel Anisotropic Fast Marching Method and its Application to Blood Flow Computation in Phase-contrast MRI
Authors: Hennemuth A. , Fischer B. , Friman O. , Schwenke M. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryBackground: Phase-contrast MRI (PC MRI) can be used to assess blood flow dynamics noninvasively inside the human body. The acquired images can be reconstructed into flow vector fields. Traditionally, streamlines can be computed based on the vector fields to visualize flow patterns and particle trajectories.Objectives: The traditional methods may give a false impression of precision, as they do not consider the measurement uncertainty in the PC MRI images. In our prior work, we incorporated the uncertainty of the measurement into the computation of particle trajectories.Methods: As a major part of the contribution, a novel numerical scheme for solving the anisotropic Fast Marching problem is presented. A computing time comparison to state-of-theart methods is conducted on artificial tensor fields. A visual comparison of healthy to pathological blood flow patterns is given.Results: The comparison shows that the novel anisotropic Fast Marching solver outperforms previous schemes in terms of computing time. The visual comparison of flow patterns directly visualizes large deviations of pathological flow from healthy flow.Conclusions: The novel anisotropic Fast Marching solver efficiently resolves even strongly anisotropic path costs. The visualization method enables the user to assess the uncertainty of particle trajectories derived from PC MRI images.
A Phase I, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, 3-Day, Ascending-Dose Study of Gs-9451, An Ns3/4A Protease Inhibitor, in Genotype 1 Hepatitis C Patients
Authors: Lawitz Eric J , Hill John M , Marbury Thomas , DeMicco Michael P , Delaney William , Yang Jenny , Moorehead Lisa , Mathias Anita , Mo Hongmei , McHutchison John G , Rodriguez-Torres Maribel , Gordon Stuart C 
Published: October 2012

Background GS-9451 is a novel inhibitor of the HCV NS3/4A protease and demonstrates potent in vitro suppression of HCV genotype 1 replicons. Methods The safety, pharmacokinetics and antiviral efficacy of GS-9451 were evaluated in a Phase I study in treatment-naive, HCV genotype-1-infected patients. Patients were randomized to 3 days of once-daily dosing with placebo ( n=8) or GS-9451 60 mg ( n=8 genotype 1a), 200 mg ( n=8 genotype 1a; n=8 genotype 1b) or 400 mg ( n=9 genotype 1a). Plasma samples were collected up to and on day 14 for pharmacokinetic evaluation, serum HCV RNA quantitation and NS3 sequencing. Results No patients interrupted or discontinued dosing because of an adverse event. The median (range) maximal HCV RNA reductions from baseline were -0.88 (-1.24– -0.64), -3.19 (-3.31– -2.94) and -3.64 (-4.08– -3.54) log10 IU/ml in genotype 1a patients receiving 60, 200 and 400 mg/day GS-9451, respectively, and -3.48 (-3.54– -3.03) log10 IU/ml in genotype 1b patients receiving GS-9451 200 mg/day. Median half-life ranged from 14 to 17 h. Day 3 mean concentration at the end of dosing interval was 5.5- and 17-fold above protein-binding adjusted mean 50% effective inhibitory concentration in 200 mg and 400 mg cohorts, respectively. No resistance mutations were detected with GS-9451 60 mg/day. In the 200 mg/day or 400 mg/day groups, predominant mutations were NS3 R155 (R155K) in genotype 1a patients and D168 (D168E, D168V and D168G) in genotype 1b patients. Conclusions GS-9451 was well-tolerated. During 3 days of monotherapy, GS-9451 200 mg/day or 400 mg/day demonstrated potent antiviral activity in both HCV genotype 1a- and 1b-infected patients. GS-9451 is currently being evaluated in combination regimens with and without pegylated interferon-α.
La sanctification in utero de Joseph : une proposition gersonienne
Authors: Payan Paul 
Published: October 2012

à partir de 1413, Jean Gerson se lance dans une véritable campagne de promotion en faveur de Joseph, l’époux de Marie, à un moment où celui-ci est très rarement considéré comme un saint, et intéresse peu les théologiens et les prédicateurs, à l’exception de quelques franciscains. Or, parmi les privilèges et les vertus que le chancelier attribue à Joseph, on est surpris de rencontrer l’idée d’une sanctification in utero, qui rappelle l’immaculée conception de Marie, pour laquelle Gerson s’était battu aux côtés de son maître Pierre d’Ailly. Cette affirmation se fait cependant avec prudence, sous la forme d’une idée à laquelle on peut « croire pieusement ». à l’occasion d’un sermon prononcé au concile de Constance, Gerson précise sa pensée en distinguant la Vierge, totalement préservée du péché originel, de Joseph sanctifié dans le sein de sa mère. La logique est celle d’une comparaison avec Jean-Baptiste, que l’on considère consacré in utero au moment de la Visitation. Comme Gerson tente d’affirmer la supériorité de Joseph sur le Baptiste, il cherche à lui attribuer une grâce au moins comparable. L’enjeu est la reconnaissance de la sainteté de Joseph, dont la définition est délicate puisqu’il est sans doute mort avant la Passion et qu’il ne peut être reconnu comme un martyr.Même si la formulation gersonienne reste très originale, son idée a sans doute été mûrie au contact d’autres admirateurs de l’époux de la Vierge, tels Pierre d’Ailly ou le célestin Pierre Pocquet. Elle s’appuie également sur des sources liturgiques orientales plus délicates à identifier. Néanmoins, sa proposition ne connaîtra pas un grand succès : reprise par quelques auteurs au cours des xve et xvie siècles, elle est finalement explicitement rejetée lorsque s’affirme le culte de Joseph et que sa sainteté n’est plus contestée.Elle reste le témoignage d’un moment particulier d’audace théologique, sur les frontières encore imprécises de l’immaculée conception, de la sanctification et de la consécration, alors que les désordres du Grand Schisme rendaient plus aigu le besoin d’une pureté inaccessible.
L’Immaculée Conception après le concile de Bâle dans les provinces dominicaines et franciscaines de Teutonie et de Saxe : débats et iconographie
Authors: Wehrli-Johns Martina 
Published: October 2012

L’essai propose de suivre le fil des débats autour de l’Immaculée Conception dans les pays germaniques à partir du Concile de Bâle jusqu’au début du xvie siècle.Le décret du Concile en faveur de cette doctrine (1439) avait ranimé un désaccord déjà ancien entre les ordres mendiants et particulièrement entre les Franciscains et les Dominicains au sujet de la Vierge immaculée. Les deux traités défendant ce privilège (1444/1445) écrits par l’ancien évêque de Constance, Otto d’Hachberg, sont un premier témoignage de ce conflit en Allemagne. Dès l’avènement du pape franciscain Sixte IV (1471-1484), les disputations publiques et les polémiques littéraires au sujet de l’Immaculée Conception se multiplient. Le point culminant de cette controverse arrive au moment du procès contre le dominicain Wigand Wirt à Rome où l’accusé se voit contraint en 1512 de révoquer ses écrits diffamatoires. L’isolement croissant de l’ordre dominicain dans ce débat semble être aussi la conséquence du thomisme rigide des dominicains observants en Italie et en Allemagne. Ainsi les frères observants de la province de « Teutonie » suivent-ils de près l’opinion de leur confrère Vincent Bandelli de la congrégation observante de Lombardie, déclarant la foi en l’Immaculée Conception comme hérétique. Bien que la bulle Grave nimis (1482) interdise aux partis opposés de se dénoncer mutuellement comme hérétiques, les observants allemands ne manquent pas de faire usage de cette arme, ce qui provoque l’alliance de leurs adversaires (Carmes, Chartreux, Augustiniens, Bénédictins et cercles humanistes de toute couleur) dans le camp des franciscains de l’Observance. L’analyse des traités et des circonstances de cette querelle met donc en lumière les tensions et les constellations intellectuelles du discours religieux dans les décennies avant la Réforme protestante où le raisonnement théologique fait place à la polémique et où l’imprimerie permet d’atteindre un public en dehors du cloître et de l’université. Ainsi les gravures en bois de la Vierge Immaculée trouvent-elles leur place aussi bien dans la campagne des humanistes strasbourgeois autour de Sébastien Brand que dans les illustrations du récit satirique du franciscain Thomas Murner, relatant les différents épisodes de l’affaire Jetzer à Berne.
L’inscription liturgique de la Conceptio beate Marie dans le calendrier diocésain - Le cas lyonnais (xiie-xvie siècle)
Authors: Collomb Pascal 
Published: October 2012

On connaît depuis longtemps la célèbre lettre de saint Bernard aux chanoines de la cathédrale Saint-Jean de Lyon condamnant avec fermeté l’usage liturgique atypique de la fête de la Conception de la Vierge. En revanche, nous sommes particulièrement mal renseignés sur la pratique liturgique locale vécue. Cet article aborde les questions de la liturgie propre mise en place pour cette fête, de sa chronologie, de la forme structurelle de cette liturgie et de sa traduction rituelle à travers l’étude du cas de l’église de Lyon entre le xiie et le xve siècle.