bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analyse du processus d’admission en L1 dans les filières universitaires non sélectives
Authors: Dirani Agathe , Piquée Céline 
Published: June 2024

À partir des données Parcoursup, nous cherchons à comprendre la cohabitation de différentes logiques d’acteurs dans la procédure d'admission en première année à l’université. L'objectif est de rendre compte de l’articulation des rôles des uns et des autres (les élèves, les équipes pédagogiques des lycées, les membres des commissions d’examens des vœux des universités) dans la procédure. Plus précisément, il s’agit de d’interroger le caractère juste du processus en identifiant les principes de sélection mis en œuvre, pris entre méritocratie scolaire et intervention humaine, et leur effectivité. Une première partie des analyses a pour objectif de mettre au jour la tension qui s’exerce entre le rôle des commissions d’examen des vœux qui proposent des places à l’université et le rôle des candidats qui choisissent de s’inscrire. Puis, pour différentes filières, nous examinons la place de « l’intervention humaine », c’est-à-dire ce que les avis qualitatifs de la Fiche Avenir, formulés par les équipes pédagogiques du secondaire, et leur degré de prise en compte dans les pré-classements, définis par les équipes pédagogiques du supérieur, font à la procédure Parcoursup et à sa lisibilité. Nous interrogeons ainsi la procédure d’affectation dans l’enseignement supérieur, fondée sur la méritocratie scolaire mais censée être régulée par « l’intervention humaine » des acteurs du secondaire et du supérieur.
Circadian Control of the Response of Macrophages to Plasmodium Spp.–Infected Red Blood Cells
Authors: Carvalho Cabral Priscilla , Richard Vincent R , Borchers Christoph H , Olivier Martin , Cermakian Nicolas 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Malaria is a serious vector-borne disease characterized by periodic episodes of high fever and strong immune responses that are coordinated with the daily synchronized parasite replication cycle inside RBCs. As immune cells harbor an autonomous circadian clock that controls various aspects of the immune response, we sought to determine whether the intensity of the immune response to Plasmodium spp., the parasite causing malaria, depends on time of infection. To do this, we developed a culture model in which mouse bone marrow–derived macrophages are stimulated with RBCs infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA (iRBCs). Lysed iRBCs, but not intact iRBCs or uninfected RBCs, triggered an inflammatory immune response in bone marrow–derived macrophages. By stimulating at four different circadian time points (16, 22, 28, or 34 h postsynchronization of the cells’ clock), 24-h rhythms in reactive oxygen species and cytokines/chemokines were found. Furthermore, the analysis of the macrophage proteome and phosphoproteome revealed global changes in response to iRBCs that varied according to circadian time. This included many proteins and signaling pathways known to be involved in the response to Plasmodium infection. In summary, our findings show that the circadian clock within macrophages determines the magnitude of the inflammatory response upon stimulation with ruptured iRBCs, along with changes of the cell proteome and phosphoproteome.
A pre-experimental prospective study to assess the knowledge of breast cancer and breast self-examination among nursing students in New Delhi, India
Authors: Sonia  , Vandana  , Kumari Kusum 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
As per the Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN) approximations, there were 19.3 million cancer cases worldwide in 2020, and approximately 10 million cancer cases were from low- and middle-income countries. Breast cancer accounts for a quarter (23%) of malignancy in women worldwide. Breast health awareness and commitment to screening procedures can help reduce the cancer burden.

Objectives:
The primary aim of this study was to assess nursing students’ knowledge of the early detection of breast cancer. Furthermore, we conducted an educational program to demonstrate the correct technique for the self-examination of breast cancer. Our secondary goal was to assess the knowledge of breast self-examination before and after the planned teaching program.

Material and Methods:
This pre-experimental prospective study was conducted at the Department of Nursing at the Lakshmi Bai Batra College of Nursing, New Delhi, India. Participants answered a structured questionnaire (r, 0.80) and participated in an educational program. A post-test was administered after the pretest and teaching program.

Results:
We enrolled 30 nursing students. Prior to the scheduled educational program, the participants were evaluated for their knowledge of breast cancer and breast self-examination; the mean and standard deviation for knowledge of breast cancer was 5.3 ± 1.3. Knowledge of breast self-examination significantly increased after the planned teaching program (P, 0.050).

Conclusions:
The nursing students in the study lacked appropriate knowledge of breast cancer and breast self-examination. Following the delivery of the suggested instructional program, the nursing students’ knowledge improved.
Clinical utility of 7-probe FISH panel in multiple myeloma in a resource-constrained setting: A retrospective and prospective observational study
Authors: Jimmy Jeny , Jha Vidya , Ajeesh GA , Aryalakshmi B , Sidharthan Neeraj , Unni Manoj 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
A 7-probe fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) panel identifying abnormalities such as immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) rearrangement, deletion 17p (TP53 – tumor protein 53), hyperdiploidy, and amplification of 1q, t(11;14), t(14;16), and t(4;14) aids in diagnosis and treatment planning for patients with multiple myeloma, particularly for high-risk patients and short-survival rates.

Objectives:
The primary objective of the study was to stratify patients with multiple myeloma based on the risk of developing the disease. The secondary objective was to assess the frequency of triple- and double-hit myeloma.

Materials and Methods:
This retrospective and prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Cytogenetics, Amrita Institute of Medical Science, Kochi, Kerala, India from January 2020 to September 2022. Bone marrow samples were analyzed using the 7-probe FISH panel and stratification for myeloma and risk-adapted therapy (mSMART) classification for risk stratification.

Results:
We included 123 samples in the study. Results showed hyperdiploidy as the most common abnormality among newly diagnosed patients (110), with 54.5% (n = 60/110) classified as high-risk and 45.5% (n = 50/110) as standard-risk. Amplification of 1q was the most common abnormality in high-risk, while hyperdiploidy prevailed in standard-risk. Out of the 110 patients, 20.9% (n = 23) patients exhibited double-hit myeloma, and only two out of 110 (1.8%) had triple-hit myeloma. Among relapsed cases (13, 11.8%), all were high-risk, with amplification of 1p1q being the most common abnormality. Out of the 13 relapsed cases, five (38.4%) were double-hit myeloma, and one (7.7%) was triple-hit myeloma. In the remaining 7 (53.8%) cases, either one of the standard risk or high-risk abnormalities or both were observed.

Conclusion:
The 7-probe FISH panel was found to be a better and more comprehensive tool for risk stratification, molecular classification, and further management of multiple myeloma patients, and it led to improved patient care. Karyotyping, in contrast, did not yield any additional information and thus can be avoided.
A Study on Life Skills among Adolescents Attending Government Schools
Authors: Mahanta Pomi , Deuri Sonia P. , Abhishek Priyadarshee , Sobhana H. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Adolescence is a phase of transition marked by several biological, psychological, and social changes. A vast majority of students attend government schools in India. There seems to be a paucity of studies assessing the level of life skills.

Materials and Methods:
The present study aimed to assess life skills among adolescents attending government schools. Life skills of government school-going adolescents belonging to the age groups of 14 (n = 47), 15 (n = 51), and 16 (n = 22) years were assessed cross-sectionally through the Life Skills Assessment Scale. Voluntary assent of the participants and written informed consent from the school and the guardians were obtained. Collected data were analyzed using the software (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences SPSS, 25.0 version) using the statistical methods of mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentage. To see the variation in life skills across the sociodemographic factors, independent sample t-tests (religion, residence, types of family, and socioeconomic status) and ANOVA (age levels, birth order, mother’s education, and father’s education) were used. Effect sizes were computed as partial eta-squared. The level of significance was kept at 0.05, and post hoc Bonferroni corrections were made for multiple comparisons. The study had the approval of Scientific Advisory and Institute Ethics Committees.

Results:
Students aged 14 years were significantly lower in life skills compared to the other two groups. Parental education also had a significant effect on life skills development. Children belonging to lower socioeconomic group were poorer in life skills compared to middle socioeconomic status.

Conclusion:
Findings highlight the need for the inclusion of life skills-based curriculum in government schools.
Computerized Tomographic Brain Findings in Hypertensives with Stroke in Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Simon Emmanuel Dantata , Olatunji Olubunmi O. , Itanyi Ukamaka Dorothy , Aiyekomogbon Joshua Oluwafemi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background:
Stroke has become an increasingly significant health problem, and early diagnosis of the stroke type with prompt management improves prognosis. Neuroimaging is crucial to the management of stroke, and computed tomography (CT) scan is a cardinal diagnostic tool in identifying the subtypes, the knowledge of which will improve the management of the patients.

Aims and Objectives:
The study was aimed at establishing the cranial CT findings in hypertensives with stroke, ascertain the type of stroke, frequency of specific features, such as sites, vascular territories, and secondary effects of the primary lesion. Associations of CT findings with variables such as age and coexisting risk factors were also explored.

Materials and Methods:
Eighty-four adult hypertensive patients with clinical diagnosis of stroke were serially recruited and cranial CT scan was performed, using 16-slice multidetector CT machine (Toshiba Activion 16®), within 24 h of presentation at the emergency department. All clinical findings, demographic parameters, and radiological findings were documented. The data obtained were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (IBM SPSS version 23.0. Armonk, NY, USA).

Results:
The mean age of the patients was 57.94 ± 12.05 (mean ± standard deviation) and females were more than males with a male:female ratio of 1:1.3. Ischemic stroke constituted 59.5% while hemorrhagic stroke was 40.5%, and the left middle cerebral artery territory was the most common area affected by both stroke types (P < 0.01). Most of the intracerebral bleed occurred in the basal ganglia (50%), and hemorrhagic stroke was more associated with severe neurological deficits (67.6%) (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Ischemic stroke was more common than hemorrhagic stroke, and more women were affected on a general note. The middle cerebral artery territory is the most common site of affectation, and positive association was established between noncompliance with anti-hypertensive medication and stroke.
Bilateral Microtia in a Female Infant: An Uncommon Congenital Ear Abnormality
Authors: Kazaure Idris Sule , Adamu Yahuza Mansur , Hikima Mustapha Shuaibu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Microtia–anotia is a spectrum of congenital anomalies of the auricle ranging from mild structural abnormality of the ear to complete absence of the ear (anotia). The condition is bilateral in 15% of cases, the right side being more commonly affected than the left in unilateral cases. The condition is of public health importance in part due to the psychological sequel, including the stigma associated with malformed ears and the burden of undergoing multiple surgeries for reconstruction. We present a case of a 39-day-old female child who presented to the hospital on account of deformed external ears and the absence of external ear opening noticed at birth. The role of imaging in these patients, particularly high-resolution computed tomographic (CT) scan, cannot be overemphasized for appropriate surgical intervention. A case of bilateral congenital microtia diagnosed on CT scan is thus presented. Bilateral congenital microtia is rare congenital malformations. The present report demonstrates the classic imaging features as seen on computed tomography which are indispensable for subsequent surgical intervention.
The power of mentoring: developing professional skills in the railway industry
Authors: Vasiliev A. S. , Melnikova M. A. , Mineev N. V. 
Published: June 2024

The article discusses the issues of organizing and conducting mentoring during production and pre-diploma internships at real workplaces of railway transport enterprises for students of secondary vocational education in the railway industry. The objectives of implementing a targeted mentoring model in an educational institution have been studied.A study was conducted of the formation of general and professional competencies, knowledge, skills, practical experience, safe, effective and modern methods and techniques for carrying out work among students of secondary vocational education in the railway industry during production and pre-graduation internships, including in student construction teams, while introducing a quality system mentoring, with official employment of students at real production facilities in the railway industry.Particular attention is paid to the development of a mentoring system in railway transport and strengthening the connection between educational institutions of secondary vocational education and real enterprises of the railway industry in order to guarantee the effective training of highly qualified personnel.
Development of the scientific and pedagogical school of the department “Ground Transport and Technological Complexes”
Authors: Ivanov I. A. , Vorobyov A. A. , Shadrina N. Yu. , Novoselsky I. Yu. 
Published: June 2024

The scientific article reflects the main stages of the historical development of the scientific and pedagogical school of the cycle “Technology of structural metals. Materials Science”, which is one of the areas of the department “Ground transport and technological complexes”. Employees of the department made a significant contribution to solving practical problems in assessing the effectiveness of existing technological processes for restoring the tread surface profile of wheel pairs of wheels, the proposed processes of face milling and turning when restoring the wheel rim profile, including the use of preliminary induction annealing to improve machinability, optimization of cutting conditions wheels based on linear and nonlinear programming methods. A large amount of research and implementation work has been carried out to improve the repair technology and increase the reliability of the wheel-motor unit of rail crews of railway rolling stock. Issues related to surfacing operations during repairs and increasing the wear resistance of deposited surfaces were considered.At the same time, the teachers of the department conduct training sessions on disciplines at a high methodological level, without which it is impossible to imagine a modern engineer.Over the years of work of the cycle “Technology of Structural Metals. Materials Science” a large number of textbooks, teaching aids, guidelines and manuals on laboratory work and course design, as well as collections of scientific papers, articles and monographs on the main areas of research work were published.The historical digression presented in this article gives an idea of the scientific potential of the department accumulated over many years, which can serve as a reliable basis for further development of new scientific directions.
Prospects using chat bots as a tool for training middle-level specialists
Authors: Privalova I. B. , Lonshakova G. A. 
Published: June 2024

The subject of the research is the use of artificial intelligence in the educational process. The relevance is due to the need to introduce new technologies in order to improve the quality of training of mid-level specialists. Novelty and practical significance: the introduction of artificial intelligence helps to optimize the practical training of students.Purpose of the research — to identify the attitude of teachers and students of the Medical College of Railway Transport to the use of artificial intelligence in the field of education.Modern realities provide for the use of e-learning and distance technologies in education. The need for tools and services to convey knowledge via the Internet has increased with the transition of education to an online format. It is known the students spend a lot of time in messengers. An educational chatbot can become a powerful tool for online learning. This format makes learning more effective. One of the main advantages of introducing and using chatbots in education is the automation of processes in which both students and teachers, administrators, and employers participate.Practical significance — a chat bot was created in the Medical College of Railway Transport in order to test the use of artificial intelligence in organizing practical training on the social network “VKontakte” in the community of MK ZhT, confirmed by “State Services”. A chat bot answers the most common questions of students, providing round-the-clock information support.
Analysis of the attraction of gondola cars for container transportation
Authors: Poliektov D. A. , Sheverdova M. V. , Pokrovskaya O. D. , Bertova N. A. 
Published: June 2024

The subject of the study is the process of using gondola cars for transporting containers. The purpose of the study is to study the use of this non-specialized rolling stock for container transportation — gondola cars.The prerequisites for returning to this container transportation technology, not used from 2014 to 2021, the organization of container transportation in gondola cars, and the economic component are considered. The relevance of the topic is due to the large share of container transportation and the current situation with the rolling stock — a shortage of fitting platforms and the difficulty of transporting them empty to loading points. The method of analytical comparisons is used.Conclusions have been formulated confirming the effectiveness and rationality of container transportation using gondola cars, which seem controversial and unstable to some participants in the transportation process. The use of wagons for container transportation is an effective solution in conditions of a long supply of specialized rolling stock and its insufficient quantity on the railway network. However, container transportation in gondola cars requires the improvement of some technological documents to increase the level of safety of train traffic and the safety of transported goods.
Optimization of train handling time using jack-like devices
Authors: Chesnov A. N. , Shamansky P. S. , Komovkina N. S. 
Published: June 2024

The goal of the conducted study is to explore and evaluate the effectiveness of both the existing technology for securing rolling stock and in analyzing the existing developments of prospective mechanized securing devices. It considers the possibility of optimizing the processing time of rolling stock in railway station yards through the use of automated securing devices.The article presents the results of an analysis of the activities of the JSC “Russian Railways” and examines such an important transportation parameter as the turnover of freight wagons, including a breakdown of wagon turnover by elements. Special attention is paid to the fact that at railway stations, rolling stock spends a major part of the transportation process cycle.To achieve the set goal, a detailed analysis of the existing and proposed technologies for securing and releasing the securing of rolling stock at stations was conducted. The advantages and disadvantages of each technology, as well as the time spent on performing operations for securing and releasing the securing of rolling stock, are considered. Based on the analysis, the most effective technology for securing and releasing the securing of rolling stock is selected. The main criterion for selecting the technology is the reduction of processing time for rolling stock at stations.In conclusion, the article presents the main findings and recommendations for the implementation of the selected technology at railway stations. The relevance of the chosen topic is due to the desire to reduce operational costs by shortening the processing time of compositions in the context of increasing transport volumes and high competition in the transportation market. This can lead to economic benefits, optimal resource utilization, increased efficiency, and competitiveness of the company. Technically, it will also improve the reliability of securing mechanisms, reduce the risk of technical malfunctions, and increase the overall productivity of stations.
Valor agregado de la investigación en la educación de pregrado: un análisis de sus beneficios
Authors: Dávila Cisneros Juan Diego 
Published: June 2024

PROBLEMA: en la actualidad lograr el desarrollo de las investigaciones científicas en las universidades es de vital importancia. En este sentido, es fundamental que los estudiantes de pregrado sean vinculados a investigaciones, mediante proyectos, talleres, eventos, conferencias científicas, entre otros. OBJETIVO: ilustrar la importancia que posee la participación de los estudiantes de pregrado en el ámbito investigativo, y como estos aportan elementos distintivos, logrando que las universidades se vean favorecidas en cuanto a índices de calidad, internacionalización e investigación. MÉTODO: la investigación responde a un paradigma cualitativo de carácter exploratorio y descriptivo, donde se realizó una revisión teórica de los principales estudios dirigidos al manejo categorial de la investigación en estudiantes de pregrado. A su vez, se empleó el análisis de contenido, así como el manejo de técnicas y fuentes de información como recurso metodológico. RESULTADOS: el estudio realizado permitió identificar de manera general que, la vinculación de los estudiantes de pregrado en la esfera de investigación científica enriquece el quehacer académico-científico de los estudiantes, todo ello debido a que dicha participación contribuye al mejoramiento de buenas prácticas en la investigación científica. CONCLUSIÓN: a través de la vinculación de los estudiantes de pregrado en proyectos de investigación, talleres, eventos, conferencias científicas, entre otros, se puede evidenciar el desarrollo y fomento de valores como el liderazgo y la resiliencia en el ámbito académico estudiantil universitario.