bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decision Making and the Price Setting Newsvendor: Experimental Evidence
Authors: Kocabıyıkoğlu Ayşe , Göğüş Celile Itır , Gönül M. Sinan 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTWe present an experimental study of the price‐setting newsvendor problem, which extends the traditional framework by allowing the decision maker to determine both the selling price and the order quantity of a given item. We compare behavior under this model with two benchmark conditions where subjects have a single decision to make (price or quantity). We observe that subjects deviate from the theoretical benchmarks when they are tasked with a single decision. They also exhibit anchoring behavior, where their anchor is the expected demand when quantity is the decision variable and is the initial inventory level when price is the decision variable. When decision makers set quantity and price concurrently, we observe no significant difference between the normative (i.e., expected profit‐maximizing) prices and the decision makers’ price choices. Quantity decisions move further from the normative benchmarks (compared to when subjects have a single decision to make) when the ratio of cost to price is less than half. When this ratio is reversed, there is no significant difference between order levels in single‐ and multi‐task settings. In the multidecision framework, we also observe a tendency to match orders and expected demand levels, which subjects can control using prices.
Differences in health‐related quality of life and caregiver burden after hip and spine surgery in non‐ambulatory children with severe cerebral palsy
Authors: Difazio Rachel L , Vessey Judith A , Zurakowski David , Snyder Brian D 
Published: August 2015

AimThe aim of this study was to evaluate changes in caregivers' perceptions of health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) and caregiver impact in children with severe, non‐ambulatory cerebral palsy after orthopedic surgery to correct hip or spine deformities.MethodA prospective longitudinal cohort study (n=44) design was used to measure changes before and after surgery. Caregivers completed the Caregiver Priorities and Child Health Index of Life with Disabilities (CPCHILD) and the Assessment of Caregiver Experience with Neuromuscular Disease (ACEND). Data collection was between February 2011 and February 2014. Caregivers were included if their child was 3 to 25 years old, had cerebral palsy in Gross Motor Function Classification System levels IV and V, and was scheduled for orthopedic surgery. Analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to assess changes before and at four time points after surgery.ResultsForty‐four caregivers participated. Caregivers' perceptions of their child's HRQOL demonstrated an improvement from baseline to 12 months (p<0.001). Patients who had spine surgery demonstrated a steady improvement over time, whereas patients who had hip surgery had a decrease at 6 weeks followed by steady improvement. Improvements were noted in five of six of the CPCHILD domains, with no changes in the quality of life domain. No changes were noted in any of the ACEND domains.InterpretationCaregivers report an improvement in a variety of domains of HRQOL 1 year after orthopedic surgery.
Trade Negotiations under Alternative Bargaining Structure
Authors: Sen Neelanjan , Biswas Rajit 
Published: August 2015

We build a bargaining model, in which a country (leader) decides whether or not to form a free trade agreement with other nations (followers), either through a sequential or a multilateral bargaining procedure. Unlike Aghion et al. (, Journal of International Economics, 73, 1–30), in our specification of multilateral bargaining, the leader can collude with all those follower countries who agree to its offer. This has important implications for the choice of sequential and multilateral bargaining by the leader in presence of coalition externalities. Moreover, this bargaining procedure ensures that “stumbling block” equilibrium will never occur.
Known and unexpected constraints evoke different kinematic, muscle, and motor cortical neuron responses during locomotion
Authors: Stout Erik E. , Sirota Mikhail G. , Beloozerova Irina N. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDuring navigation through complex natural environments, people and animals must adapt their movements when the environment changes. The neural mechanisms of such adaptations are poorly understood, especially with respect to constraints that are unexpected and must be adapted to quickly. In this study, we recorded forelimb‐related kinematics, muscle activity, and the activity of motor cortical neurons in cats walking along a raised horizontal ladder, a complex locomotion task requiring accurate limb placement. One of the crosspieces was motorized, and displaced before the cat stepped on the ladder or at different points along the cat's progression over the ladder, either towards or away from the cat. We found that, when the crosspiece was displaced before the cat stepped onto the ladder, the kinematic modifications were complex and involved all forelimb joints. When the crosspiece displaced unexpectedly while the cat was on the ladder, the kinematic modifications were minimalistic and primarily involved distal joints. The activity of M. triceps and M. extensor digitorum communis differed based on the direction of displacement. Out of 151 neurons tested, 69% responded to at least one condition; however, neurons were significantly more likely to respond when crosspiece displacement was unexpected. Most often they responded during the swing phase. These results suggest that different neural mechanisms and motor control strategies are used to overcome constraints for locomotor movements depending on whether they are known or emerge unexpectedly.
Ultrasound‐guided lipoaspiration for mesenchymal stromal cell harvest in the horse
Authors: Lawver J. , Thaler R. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryMesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are being used to treat a variety of conditions in the horse. Traditional lipectomy and bone marrow aspiration for MSC harvest have disadvantages including cosmetic issues with lipectomy and extensive time for cell expansion after bone marrow harvests. This article describes a new technique of adipose harvest in the horse, utilising ultrasound and liposuction that can be safely and effectively performed in an ambulatory environment. Ultrasound‐guided lipoaspiration offers a minimally invasive technique using small portals and a diffuse area of collection significantly improving aesthetic outcome and increasing the likelihood of treating within a matter of days vs. a matter of weeks.
Investigation of the antifibrillatory drug interactions between Amiodarone and Ibutilide in isolated, perfused Rabbit hearts
Authors: Almotrefi Abdulrahman A. , Bukhari Ishfaq A. , Alhumayyd Mohammad S. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn view of the reliability of the serial‐shock method of measuring ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT) in quantitatively assessing the antifibrillatory potency of many anti‐arrhythmic drugs and the alarming reports of the proarrhythmic effects of several anti‐arrhythmic agents, it was decided to use the above technique to study the possible interactions that may occur when anti‐arrhythmic drugs from different classes are combined. Hearts isolated from New Zealand white rabbits of either sex weighing 1.5–2 kg were perfused by the Langendorff method with McEwen's solution. In six hearts, measurement of VFT was made in the absence of any drug throughout the experiments. Perfusion with either amiodarone or ibutilide produced significant, dose‐dependent increase in VFT. In addition, there was no significant difference in the increase in VFT produced by the combined infusion of 1 μmol of amiodarone and 0.01 μmol of ibutilide and the summation of the increases produced by the separate infusion of these two concentrations. This is in contrast to a significant synergistic antifibrillatory effect of the combined use of lidocaine and propranolol that was reported previously. The lack of antifibrillatory interactions between amiodarone and Ibutilide may suggest the safety of combining the two drugs in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. However, further studies are required to establish this in the clinical setup.
Global change pressures on soils from land use and management
Authors: Smith Pete , House Joanna I. , Bustamante Mercedes , Sobocká Jaroslava , Harper Richard , Pan Genxing , West Paul C. , Clark Joanna M. , Adhya Tapan , Rumpel Cornelia , Paustian Keith , Kuikman Peter , Cotrufo M. Francesca , Elliott Jane A. , McDowell Richard , Griffiths Robert I. , Asakawa Susumu , Bondeau Alberte , Jain Atul K. , Meersmans Jeroen , Pugh Thomas A. M. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractSoils are subject to varying degrees of direct or indirect human disturbance, constituting a major global change driver. Factoring out natural from direct and indirect human influence is not always straightforward, but some human activities have clear impacts. These include land‐use change, land management and land degradation (erosion, compaction, sealing and salinization). The intensity of land use also exerts a great impact on soils, and soils are also subject to indirect impacts arising from human activity, such as acid deposition (sulphur and nitrogen) and heavy metal pollution. In this critical review, we report the state‐of‐the‐art understanding of these global change pressures on soils, identify knowledge gaps and research challenges and highlight actions and policies to minimize adverse environmental impacts arising from these global change drivers. Soils are central to considerations of what constitutes sustainable intensification. Therefore, ensuring that vulnerable and high environmental value soils are considered when protecting important habitats and ecosystems, will help to reduce the pressure on land from global change drivers. To ensure that soils are protected as part of wider environmental efforts, a global soil resilience programme should be considered, to monitor, recover or sustain soil fertility and function, and to enhance the ecosystem services provided by soils. Soils cannot, and should not, be considered in isolation of the ecosystems that they underpin and vice versa. The role of soils in supporting ecosystems and natural capital needs greater recognition. The lasting legacy of the International Year of Soils in 2015 should be to put soils at the centre of policy supporting environmental protection and sustainable development.
Winter oilseed production for biofuel in the US Corn Belt: opportunities and limitations
Authors: Sindelar Aaron J. , Schmer Marty R. , Gesch Russell W. , Forcella Frank , Eberle Carrie A. , Thom Matthew D. , Archer David W. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractInterest from the US commercial aviation industry and commitments established by the US Navy and Air Force to use renewable fuels has spurred interest in identifying and developing crops for renewable aviation fuel. Concern regarding greenhouse gas emissions associated with land‐use change and shifting land grown for food to feedstock production for fuel has encouraged the concept of intensifying current prominent cropping systems through various double cropping strategies. Camelina (Camelina sativa L.) and field pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) are two winter oilseed crops that could potentially be integrated into the corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean [(Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cropping system, which is the prominent cropping system in the US Corn Belt. In addition to providing a feedstock for renewable aviation fuel production, integrating these crops into corn–soybean cropping systems could also potentially provide a range of ecosystem services. Some of these include soil protection from wind and water erosion, soil organic C (SOC) sequestration, water quality improvement through nitrate reduction, and a food source for pollinators. However, integration of these crops into corn–soybean cropping systems also carries possible limitations, such as potential yield reductions of the subsequent soybean crop. This review identifies and discusses some of the key benefits and constraints of integrating camelina or field pennycress into corn–soybean cropping systems and identifies generalized areas for potential adoption in the US Corn Belt.
Study of pulsed light inactivation and growth dynamics during storage of Escherichia coli ATCC 35218, Listeria innocua ATCC 33090, Salmonella Enteritidis MA44 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae KE162 and native flora in apple, orange and strawberry juices
Authors: Ferrario Mariana , Alzamora Stella Maris , Guerrero Sandra 
Published: August 2015

SummaryThe response of some inoculated strains and native flora to PL treatment (Xenon lamp, 3 pulses s−1, 10 cm distance from the lamp, 71.6 J cm−2) in apple, orange and strawberry fresh juices with different absorbance, turbidity and particle size was investigated. Microbial growth dynamics during 12‐day storage (5 °C) of PL‐treated juices was also evaluated. PL treatments provoked 0.3–2.6 log reductions for inoculated microorganisms and 0.1–0.7 for native flora. High turbidity and particles with high UV absorbance seemed to play a major role in the PL efficiency compared to particle size. Cold storage of PL‐processed juices provoked an increase in Salmonella Enteritidis and Listeria innocua inactivation, achieving 5.0–8.0 log reductions, while no recovery of Escherichia coli and retardation for yeast growth was observed, compared to untreated samples. This study gives valuable information regarding the influence of juice variables on PL effectiveness and emphasises the beneficial effect of a postcold storage on microbial safety of PL‐treated juices.
Protection against Paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection in mice treated with modulated dendritic cells relies on inhibition of interleukin‐10 production by CD8+ T cells
Authors: Alves da Costa Thiago , Di Gangi Rosária , Martins Paula , Longhini Ana Leda Figueiredo , Zanucoli Fábio , de Oliveira Alexandre Leite Rodrigues , Stach‐Machado Dagmar Ruth , Burger Eva , Verinaud Liana , Thomé Rodolfo 
Published: August 2015

SummaryParacoccidioidomycosis is a systemic infection prevalent in Latin American countries. Disease develops after inhalation of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis conidia followed by an improper immune activation by the host leucocytes. Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen‐presenting cells with the unique ability to direct the adaptive immune response by the time of activation of naive T cells. This study was conducted to test whether extracts of P. brasiliensis would induce maturation of DCs. We found that DCs treated with extracts acquired an inflammatory phenotype and upon adoptive transfer conferred protection to infection. Interestingly, interleukin‐10 production by CD8+ T cells was ablated following DC transfer. Further analyses showed that lymphocytes from infected mice were high producers of interleukin‐10, with CD8+ T cells being the main source. Blockage of cross‐presentation to CD8+ T cells by modulated DCs abolished the protective effect of adoptive transfer. Collectively, our data show that adoptive transfer of P. brasiliensis‐modulated DCs is an interesting approach for the control of infection in paracoccidioidomycosis.
Relationship between female genital tract infections, mucosal interleukin‐17 production and local T helper type 17 cells
Authors: Masson Lindi , Salkinder Amy L. , Olivier Abraham Jacobus , McKinnon Lyle R. , Gamieldien Hoyam , Mlisana Koleka , Scriba Thomas J. , Lewis David A. , Little Francesca , Jaspan Heather B. , Ronacher Katharina , Denny Lynette , Abdool Karim Salim S. , Passmore Jo‐Ann S. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryT helper type 17 (Th17) cells play an important role in immunity to fungal and bacterial pathogens, although their role in the female genital tract, where exposure to these pathogens is common, is not well understood. We investigated the relationship between female genital tract infections, cervicovaginal interleukin‐17 (IL‐17) concentrations and Th17 cell frequencies. Forty‐two cytokines were measured in cervicovaginal lavages from HIV‐uninfected and HIV‐infected women. Frequencies of Th17 cells (CD3+ CD4+ IL‐17a+) were evaluated in cervical cytobrushes and blood by flow cytometry. Women were screened for Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma genitalium, Trichomonas vaginalis and herpes simplex virus 2 by PCR, and candidal infections and bacterial vaginosis by Gram stain. Women with bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs), specifically chlamydia and gonorrhoea, had higher genital IL‐17 concentrations than women with no STI, whereas women with candidal pseudohyphae/spores had lower IL‐17 concentrations compared with women without candidal infections. Viral STIs (herpes simplex virus 2 and HIV) were not associated with significant changes in genital IL‐17 concentrations. Genital IL‐17 concentrations correlated strongly with other inflammatory cytokines and growth factors. Although Th17 cells were depleted from blood during HIV infection, cervical Th17 cell frequencies were similar in HIV‐uninfected and HIV‐infected women. Cervical Th17 cell frequencies were also not associated with STIs or candida, although few women had a STI. These findings suggest that IL‐17 production in the female genital tract is induced in response to bacterial but not viral STIs. Decreased IL‐17 associated with candidal infections suggests that candida may actively suppress IL‐17 production or women with dampened IL‐17 responses may be more susceptible to candidal outgrowth
Nursing interventions for substance use during psychiatric hospital admissions: Clinical context and predictors
Authors: Stewart Duncan , Warren Jonathan , Odubanwo Adewunmi , Bowers Len 
Published: August 2015

AbstractEmpirical information about how nurses manage substance use on psychiatric wards is lacking. The aims of the study were to identify the frequency and clinical features of incidents among a sample of inpatients over a 12‐month period and how nursing staff intervened. Electronic, anonymized inpatient records were searched for incidents of substance use on 17 acute psychiatric wards in four hospitals in London. Searches were conducted for all patients admitted during 2012 and details of incidents and patient characteristics were extracted for analysis. Substance use was reported for 291 patients, with 25 incidents per 100 patients admitted to hospital. Only half of the incidents were followed by a response that specifically addressed the patients’ substance use behaviour. These interactions usually concerned the circumstances and reasons for use, but rarely involved specific support for patients’ substance use problems. The likelihood of staff taking any form of action was increased if the patient had been formally admitted, and was reduced if the patient was subject to containment during the shift or had a history of self‐harm. The results demonstrate that nurses require specific training and guidance on supporting substance using patients.
Robust molecular phylogeny and palaeodistribution modelling resolve a complex evolutionary history: glacial cycling drove recurrent mtDNA introgression among Pelophylax frogs in East Asia
Authors: Komaki Shohei , Igawa Takeshi , Lin Si‐Min , Tojo Koji , Min Mi‐Sook , Sumida Masayuki 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAimPelophylax frogs in East Asia provide an opportunity to explore the impact of glacial cycling on demographic and genetic dynamics, because it has been suggested that they experienced distribution shifts and subsequent mtDNA introgression from Pelophylax plancyi to Pelophylax nigromaculatus in association with climatic oscillations. However, their evolutionary history, including the pattern of introgression, is incompletely understood. We used phylogenetic analyses based on multiple markers to address their evolutionary history, and palaeodistribution modelling to test whether the predicted distribution can explain the pattern of introgression suggested by molecular phylogenetics.LocationEast Asia, including far‐eastern Russia, mainland China, the Japanese archipelago, the Korean Peninsula and Taiwan.MethodsNinety‐nine samples of the Pelophylax nigromaculatus species complex were collected from 75 localities throughout the distributional range of each species. Phylogenetic analyses were performed with the mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) gene and six nuclear genes using two European Pelophylax frogs as outgroups. Additionally, palaeodistributions of P. nigromaculatus and P. plancyi were predicted using bioclimatic variables.ResultsDifferences were observed between the mitochondrial and nuclear DNA trees in the phylogenetic position of P. plancyi. Similar phylogenetic discordance was also observed within P. nigromaculatus. Distribution modelling suggested that a considerable distributional shift of P. nigromaculatus occurred in association with glacial cycling and that the distributional range of P. plancyi was relatively narrow during glacial periods.Main conclusionsThe analyses detected five historical mtDNA introgression events and determined their directions, none of which had been deduced in previous studies. In association with glacial cycling, the distributional ranges of P. nigromaculatus and P. plancyi appear to have shifted repeatedly, resulting in multiple complex introgressions. By combining phylogenetic analyses with palaeodistribution modelling, our results supported the hypothesis that the history of mtDNA introgression among Pelophylax frogs was shaped by glacial cycling.
Mitochondrial phylogeography and cryptic divergence in the stickleback genusPungitius
Authors: Wang Cui , Shikano Takahito , Persat Henri , Merilä Juha 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAimStickleback fish exhibit considerable morphological variation within and between species, and similar armour phenotypes are often found in different taxonomic groups. Although severalPungitiusspecies and subspecies have been recognized, their evolutionary history and relationships remain poorly known. We investigated the phylogenetic relationships and phenotypic divergence in this genus with a particular focus onP. pungitiusandP. laevis.LocationNorthern Hemisphere.MethodsNucleotide variation was analysed in five mitochondrial regions (control region, cytochromeb,ATPase 6, 12SrRNAand 16SrRNA) covering a total of 3236 bp in 194 individuals from five recognized species (P. pungitius, P. laevis, P. platygaster,P. tymensisandP. kaibarae).ResultsSix highly divergent lineages were identified, including those corresponding toP. pungitius,P. platygaster,P. tymensisandP. kaibarae. However,P. laeviswas found to be polyphyletic, consisting of three divergent lineages. Two of them were independent monophyletic groups, whereas the third one clustered together withP. pungitius. All of theP. laevislineages, as well as oneP. pungitiuslineage, were found in the central and southern parts of France. Divergence within this genus was indicated to have begun about 4.4 Ma in the Pliocene epoch. All divergences in the Western Palaearctic were estimated to have occurred during the Pleistocene (≤ 2.6 Ma). No correspondence was found between the molecular phylogeny and the occurrence of distinct armour phenotypes within this genus.Main conclusionsThe results suggest that glacial events during the Pleistocene are likely to have strongly impacted the diversification of this genus in the Western Palaearctic, implying that the central and southern parts of France were important glacial refugia for the ancestralPungitiusfish. It also appears that similar armour phenotypes have evolved independently in differentPungitiuslineages, questioning the utility of these traits as diagnostic taxonomic characters.