bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minister-Permanent Secretary Relationships: Lessons from Zimbabwe’s Government of national Unity
Authors: Zinyama Tawanda , Tinarwo Joseph 
Published: April 2014

Public administration is carried out through the public service. Public administration is an instrument of the State which is expected to implement the policy decisions made from the political and legislative processes. The rationale of this article is to assess the working relationships between ministers and permanent secretaries in the Government of National Unity in Zimbabwe. The success of the Minister depends to a large degree on the ability and goodwill of a permanent secretary who often has a very different personal or professional background and whom the minster did not appoint. Here lies the vitality of the permanent secretary institution. If a Minister decides to ignore the advice of the permanent secretary, he/she may risk of making serious errors. The permanent secretary is the key link between the democratic process and the public service. This article observed that the mere fact that the permanent secretary carries out the political, economic and social interests and functions of the state from which he/she derives his/her authority and power; and to which he/she is accountable, no permanent secretary is apolitical and neutral to the ideological predisposition of the elected Ministers. The interaction between the two is a political process. Contemporary administrator requires complex team-work and the synthesis of diverse contributions and view-points.
Organizational Implants and Logistics Service Innovation: A Relational Social Capital Perspective
Authors: Grawe Scott J. , Autry Chad W. , Daugherty Patricia J. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThough many companies are placing or implanting employees within supply chain partners' firms for the purposes of improving organizational and supply chain performance, research to date has not sufficiently addressed the outcomes of organizational implantation. Our research is specifically focused on the impact that logistics service provider (LSP) implantation has on logistics service innovation for the customer. In a dyadic study pairing 81 LSP implants with their customers, we assess the direct linkage of interorganizational task interdependence, as well as the mediating effects of relational social capital and knowledge exchange on the logistics service innovation of the customer. Empirical analysis revealed significantly more logistics innovation for those customers hosting implants. The logistics innovation is attributable to fully mediated relational social capital and knowledge exchange capabilities in the implantation relationship. Managerial directions related to our findings, as well as possibilities for future implantation-related research, are discussed.
Antecedents and Consequences of Integrating Logistics Capabilities across the Supply Chain
Authors: Gligor David Marius , Holcomb Mary C. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAlthough current literature acknowledges the importance of integrated logistics capabilities, little empirical research exists on the antecedents and outcomes of this capability. The current study addresses this gap by examining how firms can develop integrated logistics capabilities and how this capability impacts firm performance. Specifically, the study identifies and empirically establishes the link between the behavioral elements of cooperation, coordination, and communication, and the achievement of integrated logistics capabilities. The results suggest that all three behavioral elements contribute directly to the integration of logistics capabilities across members of the supply chain. Further, it was found that the integration of logistics capabilities does impact operational and relational performance. The integration of logistics capabilities has the potential to lower the overall firm costs, and lead to better relationships with customers and the delivery of superior customer value.
Peircean Thought As Core Theory For A Phenomenological Ethnomusicology
Authors: Turino Thomas 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn this article I situate Peircean semiotics within Peirce’s larger phenomenological project. Because Peircean theory is directed at the analysis of specific instances of experience it provides a series of powerful conceptual tools for ethnomusicologists and scholars in other ethnographic disciplines. After revisiting the social potentials of Peirce’s primary sign types and their utility for ethnomusicological work, I explore the importance of Peirce’s three basic ontological categories-Firstness, Secondness, Thirdness-for understanding and analyzing musical experience. I suggest that these categories are useful for parsing out the whole range of musical states of mind-from trance and "deep listening" to the thoughtful planning of variations and contrasts during performance. Finally, I attempt to show the systematic nature of Peircean theory and why an understanding of different sign functions is necessary for comprehending the states of mind represented by the categories of Firstness, Secondness, and Thirdness. I use my own performance of string band music as a case study.
Politics of Ethnomusicological Knowledge Production and Circulation
Authors: Guilbault Jocelyne 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIt has long been recognized, both within the discipline and externally, that ethnomusicologists focus on interdisciplinarity, that we have been inspired by and borrowed theories and methodologies from several disciplines, including not only anthropology, but also linguistics, ethnic studies, cultural studies, and more recently, cultural geography, rhetoric, psychoanalysis, and visual and media-technology studies. There is no problem with that. The importance of interdisciplinarity and its benefits does not have to be defended. Many universities are trying hard to develop what they call "course threads"--groups of courses focusing on particular themes, issues, or practices across disciplines to encourage students to develop a deep knowledge about the theme, issue, or problem in question from various perspectives. The difficulty is that ethnomusicology to a large extent continues to be viewed by those from many of the disciplines from which it borrows in the arts, humanities, and social sciences as contributing little theory of its own.
Beyond Musical Exceptionalism: Music, Value, and Ethnomusicology
Authors: Beaster-Jones Jayson 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
I want to begin my discussion of ethnomusicology and power by considering the manifold conceptions of musical value in capitalist social and economic contexts. My guiding questions are these: what happens to music when it becomes a commodity? Is there something exceptional about music commodities in social life? Finding a way to navigate these questions, I would argue, is one way that the field of ethnomusicology might achieve greater theoretical relevance in the broader interdisciplinary discourses about the politics of culture. I will later suggest in this essay that an approach that broadens our understanding of reification and commodification of music as social practice might provide one way to address the problem of "musical exceptionalism" that at once provides us with an entrée into discussing the politics of cultural practice, even as the sometimes overly-specialized nature of our research seemingly dims the perceived relevance of our contribution.
Interdisciplinarity and Musical Exceptionalism
Authors: Spiller Henry 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Expressive culture provides a rich environment for investigating the power dynamics of culture, not just for ethnomusicologists, but for scholars in many fields. In my own work, I try to demonstrate how performances of music and dance in particular both (1) reify and reinforce a perception of immutable values and, at the same time, (2) provide a context for exploring alternatives and changing values. I think ethnomusicologists are in a unique position to illuminate this seeming contradiction: cultural behaviors simultaneously enact both stability and change. To reach scholars in other disciplines with our insights, however, ethnomusicologists must continue to question definitions of music and broaden our disciplinary limits to explicitly include a wide range of performances.
Stomatal Conductance of Potato Grown under Sub-tropical Conditions
Authors: De Biman , Ghosh Mayukh , Das Banani , Das Bimal 
Published: April 2014

Production of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) under sub-tropical conditions may be feasible. However, suitable cultivars need to be evaluated to maximize yield. A characteristic that could be used to identify superior cultivars is high stomatal conductance. A field experiment was carried out at the institutional farm of Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, India, from November to February of 2006-2007 and 2007-2008 to determine how stomatal conductance, and other factors, affected yield of potato. The cultivars Kufri Pukhraj (V1), TPS 92 PT 27 (V2), Kufri Ashoka (V3), HPS II/13 (V4), Kufri Jyoti (non-certified, after 6th generation of V8; locally available from the plain source of Dhupguri) (V5), Kufri Chipsona 2 (V6), Kufri Chandramukhi (V7), Kufri Jyoti (certified seed, hill source cultivar of Solan) (V8), Local Cultivar (V9) and Kufri Jyoti (2nd generation saved seed of V8) (V10) were used. Yield of Kufri Jyoti (V8) had among the highest stomatal conductance, internal humidity and internal CO2 levels in leaves. Kufri Jyoti (V8) had the highest tuber bulking and final tuber yield followed by Kufri Pukhraj and 92 PT 27. Stomatal conductance can be used as a criterion to identify potato cultivars suited for production under sub-tropical conditions.
Micropropagation and in Vitro Flowering of Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb.- an Important Vegetable Crop
Authors: Saha Partha Sarathi , Ghosh Biswajit 
Published: April 2014

An efficient protocol has been established for micropropagation and in vitro flowering of Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb. in the present study. Maximum numbers of shoots (8.2±0.29/ nodal explants) were obtained in the MS medium supplemented with 4.44 μM of 6-Benzylaminopurine (BA). Doubling of 40 mM of FeSO4 and Na2EDTA resulted in chlorosis prevention of in vitro leaves. Nearly 100% of in vitro plants induced roots in presence of ½ MS medium containing 4.90 μM of IBA within 12.4±0.40 days of culture. Cytological analysis of the donor and regenerated plantlets revealed chromosome stability with 2n=26 chromosomes. About 100 % of the in vitro grown plants induced both male and female flower buds in MS medium (with 3% sucrose). Nearly 90.5% of the pollen grains formed in the in vitro male flowers were viable. The survival rate of acclimatized plants reached 94.5% when transferred to field conditions. Therefore, the present study can be considered as a promising system for efficient micropropagation and in vitro flowering of L. acutangula, which can also be a source of viable aseptic anthers, and thus can be directly used for haploid culture.
Toll‐like receptor 2/4 heterodimer mediates inflammatory injury in intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Wang Yan‐Chun , Zhou Yu , Fang Huang , Lin Sen , Wang Peng‐Fei , Xiong Ren‐Ping , Chen Jing , Xiong Xiao‐Yi , Lv Feng‐Lin , Liang Qiao‐Li , Yang Qing‐Wu 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveInflammatory injury plays a critical role in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)‐induced secondary brain injury. However, the upstream events that initiate inflammatory responses following ICH remain elusive. Our previous studies suggested that Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) may be the upstream signal that triggers inflammatory injury in ICH. In addition, recent clinical findings indicated that both TLR2 and TLR4 may participate in ICH‐induced brain injury. However, it is unclear how TLR2 functions in ICH‐induced inflammatory injury and how TLR2 interacts with TLR4.MethodsThe role of TLR2 and TLR2/TLR4 heterodimerization in ICH‐induced inflammatory injury was investigated in both in vivo and in vitro models of ICH.ResultsTLR2 mediated ICH‐induced inflammatory injury, which forms a heterodimer with TLR4 in both in vivo and in vitro models of ICH. Hemoglobin (Hb), but not other blood components, triggered inflammatory injury in ICH via assembly of TLR2/TLR4 heterodimers. MyD88 (myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88), but not TRIF (Toll/IR‐1 domain–containing adaptor protein inducing interferon‐beta), was required for ICH‐induced TLR2/TLR4 heterodimerization. Mutation of MyD88 Arg196 abolished the TLR2/TLR4 heterodimerization.InterpretationOur results suggest that a novel TLR2/TLR4 heterodimer induced by Hb initiates inflammatory injury in ICH. Interfering with the assembly of the TLR2/TLR4 heterodimer may be a novel target for developing effective treatment of ICH. Ann Neurol 2014;75:876–889
Transition‐Metal‐Free BF3‐Mediated Oxidative and Non‐Oxidative Cross‐Coupling of Pyridines
Authors: Chen Quan , León Thierry , Knochel Paul 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe report a BF3‐mediated direct alkynylation of pyridines at C(2) by using a variety of alkynyllithium reagents (oxidative cross‐coupling). Moreover, we have developed a novel transition‐metal‐free cross‐coupling method between alkylmagnesium reagents and 4‐substituted pyridines, such as isonicotinonitrile and 4‐chloropyridine, by employing BF3⋅OEt2 as a promoter. The combination of these methods enabled us to efficiently prepare a range of di‐, tri‐, and tetrasubstituted pyridines.
Offline prediction of process windows for robust injection molding
Authors: Yu Shengrui , Zhang Yun , Yang Ding , Zhou Huamin , Li Juncong 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTProcess parameters play a highly significant role in the final quality of parts produced using dynamic injection molding. Many researches have made great efforts in obtaining an optimum set of process parameters for improving molded part qualities with various optimization methods. However, this work has failed to provide sufficient information to adjust process parameters in the face of variable environmental conditions and various injection machines to ensure robust, high‐quality injection moldings. Current conditions are too cumbersome and require technologists to perform repeated, detailed optimization procedures on the mass production plant floor. An offline method for prediction of process windows is proposed in this article. The process window is significant for robust manufacturing, and optimization of process parameters. Considering that it is an irregular region in a multi‐dimensional space respecting to process parameters, numerical simulations based on DOE method were designed to offline build relationships between process parameters and part qualities. Then the simulation results were classified as positive or negative class, thereby yielding simulation sample data. Finally, the process window was verified using an SVM classifier and a set of simulation samples. Injection molding of an experimental production plate using various process parameters was conducted to verify the reliability of the predicted process window. The results show that, within tolerable deviations, the predicted window of experimental parts is in accordance with verification experiments. The proposed method demonstrates an ability to rapidly obtain a suitable set of process parameters for achieving consistency in part quality with low cost and high efficiency. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40804.
Superabsorbent polymer prepared using carboxymethyl cellulose derived from Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. (kapok) cotton
Authors: Khoo Jennifer Meei Yun , Chee Swee Yong , Lee Chee Leong , Nagalingam Saravanan 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTSuperabsorbent polymers (SAPs) were synthesized by grafting acrylic acid and butyl acrylate onto carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) modified from Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. (kapok) cotton, with N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinker and ammonium persulphate as initiator. The effect of distilled water, saline solution, and applied pressure on superabsorbent was investigated. The product exhibited the maximum water absorbency of 554 g/g in distilled water and 96 g/g in saline solution. The SAP achieved the highest water absorbency under load of 83 g/g under applied pressure of 7.6 g/cm2. The kapok cotton modified cellulose‐based SAP exhibited stronger gel strength than the SAP based on commercial CMC. This is probably due to the higher grafting efficiency (78.3%) of the former. The SAP was characterized by FTIR analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis results showed that the SAP, with AA and BA grafted onto CMC, had better thermal stability than CMC alone. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40808.
Redox‐Controlled Hydrogen Bonding: Turning a Superbase into a Strong Hydrogen‐Bond Donor
Authors: Wild Ute , Neuhäuser Christiane , Wiesner Sven , Kaifer Elisabeth , Wadepohl Hubert , Himmel Hans‐Jörg 
Published: April 2014

AbstractHerein the synthesis, structures and properties of hydrogen‐bonded aggregates involving redox‐active guanidine superbases are reported. Reversible hydrogen bonding is switched on by oxidation of the hydrogen‐donor unit, and leads to formation of aggregates in which the hydrogen‐bond donor unit is sandwiched by two hydrogen‐bond acceptor units. Further oxidation (of the acceptor units) leads again to deaggregation. Aggregate formation is associated with a distinct color change, and the electronic situation could be described as a frozen stage on the way to hydrogen transfer. A further increase in the basicity of the hydrogen‐bond acceptor leads to deprotonation reactions.
A look into the cockpit of the developing locust: Looming detectors and predator avoidance
Authors: Sztarker Julieta , Rind F. Claire 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTFor many animals, the visual detection of looming stimuli is crucial at any stage of their lives. For example, human babies of only 6 days old display evasive responses to looming stimuli (Bower et al. [1971]: Percept Psychophys 9: 193–196). This means the neuronal pathways involved in looming detection should mature early in life. Locusts have been used extensively to examine the neural circuits and mechanisms involved in sensing looming stimuli and triggering visually evoked evasive actions, making them ideal subjects in which to investigate the development of looming sensitivity. Two lobula giant movement detectors (LGMD) neurons have been identified in the lobula region of the locust visual system: the LGMD1 neuron responds selectively to looming stimuli and provides information that contributes to evasive responses such as jumping and emergency glides. The LGMD2 responds to looming stimuli and shares many response properties with the LGMD1. Both neurons have only been described in the adult. In this study, we describe a practical method combining classical staining techniques and 3D neuronal reconstructions that can be used, even in small insects, to reveal detailed anatomy of individual neurons. We have used it to analyze the anatomy of the fan‐shaped dendritic tree of the LGMD1 and the LGMD2 neurons in all stages of the post‐embryonic development of Locusta migratoria. We also analyze changes seen during the ontogeny of escape behaviors triggered by looming stimuli, specially the hiding response. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 74: 1078–1095, 2014
Urinary detection of conjugated and unconjugated anabolic steroids by dilute‐and‐shoot liquid chromatography‐high resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Tudela Eva , Deventer Koen , Geldof Lore , Van Eenoo Peter 
Published: April 2014

Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are an important class of doping agents. The metabolism of these substances is generally very extensive and includes phase‐I and phase‐II pathways. In this work, a comprehensive detection of these metabolites is described using a 2‐fold dilution of urine and subsequent analysis by liquid chromatography‐high resolution mass spectrometry (LC‐HRMS). The method was applied to study 32 different metabolites, excreted free or conjugated (glucuronide or sulfate), which permit the detection of misuse of at least 21 anabolic steroids. The method has been fully validated for 21 target compounds (8 glucuronide, 1 sulfate and 12 free steroids) and 18 out of 21 compounds had detection limits in the range of 1–10 ng mL−1 in urine. For the conjugated compounds, for which no reference standards are available, metabolites were synthesized in vitro or excretion studies were investigated. The detection limits for these compounds ranged between 0.5 and 18 ng mL−1 in urine.The simple and straightforward methodology complements the traditional methods based on hydrolysis, liquid‐liquid extraction, derivatization and analysis by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) and liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS). Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genomic DNA recombination with cell‐penetrating peptide‐tagged cre protein in mouse skeletal and cardiac muscle
Authors: Chien Wei‐Ming , Liu Yonggang , Chin Michael T. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryThe Cre‐loxP recombination system has been used to promote DNA recombination both in vitro and in vivo. For in vivo delivery, Cre expression is commonly achieved through the use of tissue/cell type‐specific promoters, viral infection, or drug inducible transcription and protein translocation to promote targeted DNA excision. The development of cell permeable (or penetrating) peptide tagged proteins has facilitated the delivery of Cre recombinase protein into cells in culture, organotypic slide culture, or in living animals. In this report, we generated bacterially expressed, his‐tagged Cre protein with either a cardiac targeting peptide or an antennapedia peptide at the C‐terminus and demonstrated efficient uptake and recombination in both cell culture and mice. To facilitate delivery to cardiac and skeletal muscle, we mixed proteins with pluronic F‐127 hydrogel and delivered Cre protein into reporter Rosa26mTmG mouse skeletal muscle or Rosa26LacZ cardiac muscle via ultrasound guided injection. Activation of reporter gene expression indicated that these Cre proteins were enzymatically active. Recombination events were detected only in the vicinity of injection areas. In conclusion, we have developed a method to deliver enzymatically active Cre protein locally to skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle that may be adapted for use with other proteins. genesis 52:695–701, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.