bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global Diversity of Mesopelagic Mesozooplankton
Authors: Egorova Yulia , Reygondeau Gabriel , Cheung William , Pakhomov Evgeny 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Despite the ecological importance of mesozooplankton, little is known about their global distribution and diversity in the mesopelagic realm. This study examines the spatial distribution and diversity of 861 mesozooplankton species using species distribution models. The highest species richness and range-size rarity were found in the offshore North Atlantic and coastal areas across both hemispheres, while the Pacific and Indian ocean basins had low rarity and species richness. Latitudinal species richness peaks around 30° N and 30° S, with hotspots mainly within 40°S and 40°N, absent in polar areas. However, mean species richness per area is higher and more evenly distributed in polar regions compared to equatorial or tropical areas. The study also found a correlation between water temperature and species richness, with the highest richness at around 25°C, decreasing sharply below ~10°C.
Efficiency of Blood Utilization in Elective Surgical Patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia From November 2023 to April 2024. A Multi- Center Prospective Study
Authors: Denberu Yidersal Demsie , Belayne Enku Shiferaw , Shaf Amria Shamil , Tul Tseganesh Berhanu , Bult Yonatan Abebe , Shifera Ananya Abate , Melak Rahel Tilahun , Seyou Girma Gedeyon 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background: Blood transfusion is vital for managing patients with significant blood loss perioperatively. However, over-ordering of blood is prevalent, resulting in increased costs and resource wastage. Implementing various transfusion indices can help reduce unnecessary blood requests for elective surgical patients without compromising patient care. Objective: To assess the efficiency of blood utilization in elective surgeries and associated factors in Addis Ababa from November 1, 2023, to April 30, 2024.
Methods: A multi-center cross-sectional analytical study was conducted over a period of six months from November 1, 2023, to April 30, 2024, at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH), Menelik II Hospital (MH), Gandhi Memorial Hospital (GMH), and Lancet General Hospital (LGH). Hospitals were selected using simple random sampling. Using sequential sampling and a structured checklist, data were collected from all elective surgical patients during this period. Blood utilization was assessed using various parameters including cross-match to transfusion ratio (C/T), transfusion probability (%T), transfusion index (TI), and Maximum Surgical Blood Ordering Schedule (MSBOS) based on Mead's criterion for common surgical procedures.
Results: During the six-month study, 574 elective surgeries were performed with blood requisitions for 469 cases (81.7%). Gynecology/Obstetrics had the highest requisitions (36.2%). Of the 927 units requested, 182 were used, resulting in a cross-match to transfusion ratio (C/T) of 4.53. Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH) showed relatively efficient blood utilization with a C/T ratio of 3.98, while Gandhi Memorial Hospital (GMH) had the highest transfusion probability at 32.6%. Neurosurgery had the highest transfusion probability at 65.3%, while Pediatrics and Orthopedics showed trends of over-ordering. Conclusion and Recommendations: Significant disparity between blood requested and utilized in elective surgeries leads to resource wastage and financial burden, necessitating revised blood ordering protocols. Implementing an updated MSBOS, utilizing C/T ratio and TI, and maintaining regular surveillance can optimize blood utilization and minimize over-ordering.
Conclusion and Recommendations: Significant disparity between blood requested and utilized in elective surgeries leads
to resource wastage and financial burden, necessitating revised blood ordering protocols. Implementing an updated
MSBOS, utilizing C/T ratio and TI, and maintaining regular surveillance can optimize blood utilization and minimize
over-ordering.
Psychological Resilience and Breast Cancer: An Integrative Review
Authors: Maluf Maria Fernanda Matos , Mori Lincon Jo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Breast cancer is the second cancer among women in Brazil, with 66,280 new cases in 2022 and estimated 72,000 new cases by 2025, according to data from the Brazilian National Institute of Cancer. On the other hand, there are a few studies of psychological resilience in Brazilian women with breast cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychological resilience process in breast cancer patients. An integrative review was conducted using databases such as PubMed, the Virtual Health Library (BVS), and ScienceDirect. The search included articles published between 2019 and 2024 in Portuguese, English, and Spanish. The following mesh terms were included: psychological resilience and breast cancer. The selection and analysis of articles followed the PRISMA guidelines. Of the 319 articles firstly selected, 39 were used in review. Of these, 14 included articles indicate that lack of support during breast cancer treatment can lead to adverse psychological consequences, thereby hindering resilience. The patients demonstrate hight level of anxiety, depression, decrease in self-esteem and self-concept, loss, or low fertility during the treatment in young women in childbearing age, which represents a significant concern for this population. For all breast cancer patients, the presence of external support, such as having family, friends, financial resources, and a support to carry out the treatment, prove to be relevant in maintaining mental health, thus enabling positive resilience.
Developing tumor microenvironment in rotating human melanoma cell cultures: study of novel preclinical model
Authors: Wawrowicz Kamil , Durak-Kozica Martyna , Wierzbicki Mateusz , Stępień Ewa Ł. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

More than 97% of anticancer drugs under investigation fail in vitro evaluation, while only 0.4% of drug candidates that pass this stage proceed to the clinical trials. The differences between cell morphology and physiology observed in vitro and in vivo make the selection of a drug candidate problematic: traditional in vitro cultures do not reflect tissue-like conditions. Here we aimed for developing and characterizing human melanoma tumorspheres cultured in rotating bioreactors as an alternative for in vitro modeling. Tumorspheres were characterized by in-depth confocal imaging and image cytometry, followed by quantitative analysis that was used for whole tumorspheres characterization. Cell viability and changes in proteins expression were investigated in single-cell analysis through the spectral flow cytometry followed by STRING interaction networks assessment. The tumorspheres showed the ability to grow for at least one month to reach millimeter sizes. In this way, it was possible to improve the morphology of tumorspheres and to observe changes in tumor microenvironment (TME) and the expression of key proteins. The advantage of the described models is the creation of perspectives for further development of maintaining cellular models that are hybrid systems combining the features of spheroids and organoids for preclinical and translational research.
Optimization of Grid-connected Pv Systems: Balancing Economics and Environmental Sustainability
Authors: Usman Habib Muhammad , Sani Baba Isah , Mahmud Muhammad , Saminu Sani 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The increasing harmful gas emissions from industries and institutions pose a significant risk of extreme global warming and climate change, while unreliable power remains a major challenge in Nigeria requiring urgent attention. To address these issues, this study presents a cost-effective and optimized design for a grid-connected PV system at the Department of Electrical Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria. Utilizing HOMER for optimization, the research examines three distinct optimization scenarios, each offering different insights into energy management approaches. The First scenario was designed consisting only grid, relying solely on grid connectivity, with high annual costs and vulnerability to price volatility and environmental degradation, particularly from coal power plants, resulting in an annual energy cost of $2,838 with no renewable energy contribution. The second scenario was designed consisting of grid and solar PV energy sources integrated resulting in lower grid dependence and improved cost-effectiveness though not fully optimized by dint of economic and ecological issues at play, with the annual energy cost being $2,714 with 1867KW h supplied by the solar PV system. With initial higher capital expenditures offset by lower energy purchasing costs and surplus energy sales, this third scenario option turns out to be economically advantageous in the long run. With 29684KW provided by solar PV and $521 sold back to the grid, the yearly energy cost comes to $1,043. The system is expected to recover the initial installation cost in two years, saving about $20,000 over the course of the system's 20-year lifespan. These findings support solar PV domination as a viable way to handle energy concerns in the examined setting and highlight the importance of taking economic and environmental factors into account when designing energy systems.
Innovative Mini 3-Axis Computer Numerical Control (CNC) Machine for the Fabrication of Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs)
Authors: Suraj Mohammed , Abubakar Ruhiya , Blankson Gabriel Gidisu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

In the manufacturing industry of Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs), the quality and reliability of circuits are highly dependent on the accuracy of the manufacturing processes. Etching is the most sensitive process needed in manufacturing processes and needs more accuracy. In cases of etching inaccuracies, severe problems may occur, leading to the degradation of circuit performance and the malfunction of circuits. In this work, all the effects of inaccuracies in etching during the manufacturing process and the causes of malfunction in PCB circuits are investigated and resolved via a Computer Numerical Control (CNC) device. The mechanics behind a PCB milling machine design and construction have been investigated to identify the roots and fundamental techniques in CNC milling technology. To advance innovation in this project, the machine control and command processes as well as the positioning information were forwarded from the controlling software via a serial port connection directly to the milling machine's on-board controller, which in turn controlled the motion and continuous monitoring of the various components that moved the milling head and controlled the spindle speed at speeds ranging from 30,000 to 100,000 RMP. Typically, this drive system comprises nonmonitored stepper motors for X-Y, an on-off nonmonitored solenoid, a pneumatic piston or lead screw for the Z-axis, and a DC motor control circuit for spindle speed, none of which provide positional feedback. This study incorporated both milling and laser etching capabilities into a single CNC machine for PCB milling.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Surgical Site Infections Associated with War-Related Penetrating Abdominal Trauma in Yemen
Authors: Al-Shehari Mohammed Mohammed , Obaidel Yasser Abdurabo , Alhamzi Marwan Mohammed , Jowah Haitham Mohammed 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes of surgical site infections (SSIs) in patients with war-related penetrating abdominal trauma in Yemen.
Patients and methods:
A prospective cohort study was conducted involving 120 male patients (mean age, 25.52 years) who presented with penetrating abdominal trauma and underwent laparotomy. Data on demographic characteristics, injury mechanisms, clinical presentations, intraoperative findings, and postoperative outcomes were collected and analyzed.
Results
The prevalence of SSIs was 56.67%. Organ/space SSIs were the most common type (21.67%), followed by superficial incisional SSI (18.33%) and deep incisional SSI (16.67%). Significant risk factors for SSIs included hollow viscus injuries (p = 0.003), small bowel injuries (p = 0.038), higher median PRBC units received within 24 hours (p = 0.000), lower serum albumin levels (p = 0.003), and a higher number of exploratory laparotomies (p = 0.000). The median time from injury to surgery was longer in patients with SSIs (p = 0.006). However, logistic regression showed patients who received more PRBC units were less likely to develop SSIs (OR : 0.490, CI: 0.297–0.808 ,p = 0.005). Postoperative complications included anastomotic leaks (13.33%), septicemia (30%), and reoperation (20%). The mean length of ICU admission was 2.13 days, and the mean length of hospital stay was 8.56 days.
Conclusion
This study revealed a high prevalence of SSIs among patients with war-related penetrating abdominal trauma in Yemen. Key risk factors include hollow viscus and small bowel injuries and the need for extensive blood transfusions. The findings emphasize the importance of timely resuscitation and strict infection control measures to reduce SSIs and improve patient outcomes in conflict-affected regions. Enhanced medical infrastructure and effective intervention strategies can mitigate the burden of SSIs. Future research should explore the impact of blood transfusion practices and advanced infection control protocols in such settings.
Effect of Aloe Vera Gel Coating and Different Conventional Packaging Materials on Shelf Life Extension of Banana
Authors: Rifat Tahmid Al , Boni Sk Fahim Tahmid , Hossain Md. Sajjad , Rahman S M Sohanur , Mahmud Md. Zahir 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Bananas, well known for their nutritional value, have a short shelf life and are sensitive to ethylene, hinders their long-distance marketability. To address this issue, various strategies have been explored to maintain quality and delay ripening. This study examines the impact of different packaging materials on bananas coated with aloe vera gel. Specifically, 1% perforated low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and paper bags were utilized as packaging materials. Over a 9-day storage period at 30 ± 2 ºC and 72 ± 5% relative humidity, the results indicated that bananas treated with aloe vera coating retained their physicochemical and sensory properties more effectively than uncoated bananas. Among the treatments, bananas coated with aloe vera and packaged in 1% perforated LDPE demonstrated the best preservation of key physicochemical characteristics, including titratable acidity (1.18%), total soluble solids (24.5%), and reduced weight loss (13%). The findings suggest that integrating aloe vera gel coating with appropriate packaging materials can be a promising approach to extending the shelf life of fresh, mature bananas.
Relationship of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors Motivating EFL Students toward Learning English: A Case Study of the National University of Battambang
Authors: Chhor Chang , Sek Vimon , Norng Rasmeikhema , Sam Rany 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The study aims to (1) investigate the level of motivation of intrinsic and extrinsic factors of EFL students toward learning English; (2) examine students’ perceptions of intrinsic and extrinsic factors of EFL students toward learning English; and (3) explore the statistically significant difference between intrinsic and extrinsic factors of EFL students toward learning English by gender. This study used a qualitative method to examine these motivations, with a specific focus on intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The study involved 200 participants from the EFL student population at the National University of Battambang, with 29 students from year 1, 65 from year 2, 76 from year 3, and 30 from year 4. Among the 200 participants, 41 were male and 159 were female. The participants were aged between 18–22 years (159 students), 23–25 years (35 students), and above 25 years (6 students). The questionnaire, adapted from other studies, comprises 21 items divided into two parts. The first part consisted of 6 questions related to intrinsic motivators, whereas the second part included 15 questions related to extrinsic motivators. The extrinsic motivators were further divided into three parts: extrinsic impacts affecting the learning environment (5 questions), extrinsic motivation toward the instructor (6 questions), and extrinsic motivation according to parental influences (4 questions). The findings revealed that both intrinsic and extrinsic motivations had an impact on students' motivation to learn English at the National University of Battambang (NUBB).
Hearing Restoration in Sensorineural Loss: A Prospective Cohort Study of Intratympanic Platelet-Rich Plasma Instillation in Yemen
Authors: Al-Ghaili Adel Abdo , Al-Ansi Wael Hamoud , Aldumaini Amal Mohammed , Jowah Haitham Mohammed 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intratympanic PRP injection in the treatment of SNHL in Yemen and identify predictors of successful treatment outcomes.
Methods: This prospective cohort study included 120 patients diagnosed with SNHL at the Military General Hospital in Yemen. Patients received intratympanic PRP injections and were followed up for 3 months. Pure-tone audiometry (PTA) was performed to assess hearing thresholds before and after treatment. Data on demographic and clinical characteristics, including etiology and duration of hearing loss, were collected. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate treatment outcomes and identify significant predictors.
Results: The study cohort comprised 36 females (30%) and 84 males (70%), with a mean age of 29.72 ± 11.85 years. The most common etiologies were noise-induced hearing loss (35.8%) and sudden hearing loss (30%). Post-treatment, significant improvement in PTA hearing thresholds was observed, with mean thresholds improving from 48.27 ± 17.77 dB HL to 31.56 ± 20.45 dB HL (p < 0.05). Patients with pre-treatment hearing levels of 26-45 dB showed the highest improvement rates, with 93.1% achieving a final hearing level of ≤ 25 dB. The etiology of SNHL was a significant predictor for better outcomes (p = 0.002), whereas age, gender, and duration of hearing loss did not significantly impact treatment outcomes. The treatment was well tolerated, with minor adverse effects observed in a small percentage of patients.
Conclusion: Intratympanic injections of PRP are an effective and safe treatment for improving hearing thresholds in patients with SNHL, particularly in resource-limited settings like Yemen. Early intervention and tailored treatment strategies based on the etiology are crucial for optimizing outcomes. Further studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are needed to establish the long-term efficacy and safety of PRP therapy in patients with SNHL.
Forensic Analysis of Live Ransomware Attacks on Linux-Based Laptop Systems: Techniques and Evaluation
Authors: Neweva William , Fitzwilliam Oliver , Waterbridge James 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The increasing prevalence of ransomware attacks targeting Linux-based systems has highlighted the critical need for effective detection and mitigation strategies that can operate in real-time, safeguarding sensitive data and maintaining system integrity. The novel integration of live forensic techniques—memory analysis, network traffic monitoring, and process monitoring—provides a multi-faceted defense capable of addressing the complex and rapidly evolving nature of ransomware threats, particularly within Linux environments where traditional security measures may fall short. Through rigorous experimental evaluation, each technique was assessed for its ability to detect ransomware activities, minimize system performance impact, and offer timely intervention, resulting in a comprehensive approach that enhances the overall resilience of Linux-based systems against ransomware. Memory analysis was shown to be highly effective in extracting volatile data critical for disrupting encryption processes, while network monitoring provided early warnings through the detection of command-and-control communications. Process monitoring emerged as a balanced technique, offering continuous behavioral analysis with minimal resource overhead, making it suitable for deployment in live environments. The findings demonstrate the importance of adopting a strategic, integrated approach to forensic analysis, significantly improving the detection and mitigation of ransomware, and ensuring the protection of critical system assets.
Results of the use of biologically active foodadditives in children with signs of asthenia and asthenopia
Authors: Frolov M. A. , Sakhovskaya N. A. , Kazakova K. A. , Luchin V. S. , Gavrilenko T. I. 
Published: August 2024

Introduction. According to ophthalmologists, the number of patients with signs of asthenia and asthenopia has increased substantially over the past few years. It is a known fact that good nutrition, adequate intake of vitamins and minerals with diet, compliance with work-rest regime is a necessary condition for the prevention and elimination of clinical presentations of these pathologies.Aim. To assess the results of the use of biologically active food additives Doppelherz® Kinder Omega-3 for children from 7 years old and Doppelgerz® Kinder multivitamins for children in paediatric population with signs of asthenia and asthenopia.Materials and methods. A total of 90 children aged 7-12 years with signs of reactive asthenia and asthenopia were included in the study. Patients in group 1 received the biologically active food additive Doppelherz® Kinder Omega-3 for children from 7 years old; patients in group 2 – Doppelgerz® Kinder multivitamins for children; patients in group 3 – did not receive any biologically active food additives or vitamins.Results. The CISS questionnaire showed a reduction in the severity of signs of asthenopia in group 1, less pronounced reduction of signs in group 2, and insignificant reduction in group 3. The Swanson scale showed a decrease in the degree of inattention in group 1, a decrease in the degree of inattention and impulsivity in group 2. I.K. Shats questionnaire showed that asthenia decreased from severe to moderate in group 1, and from severe to a fatigue reaction in group 2. In all groups that complied with the general recommendations, an increase in the relative accommodation reserve was observed. Evidence from pupillography indicates decreased accommodation tension, which was more pronounced in group 2 as compared with group 1, and insignificant in group 3. The Norn test and the tear meniscus height values confirmed an improvement in the tear film status, which was more pronounced in group 1 than in group 2.Discussion. There are three main directions of the treatment strategy for asthenia: etiopathogenetic, nonspecific and symptomatic therapy. Targeted addition of vitamin and mineral complexes to a child’s diet is a reasonable and integral part of the pathogenetic treatment of asthenia and asthenopia.Conclusion. A decrease in signs of asthenopia, improvement of the tear film state, reduction in signs of inattention due to increased concentration, and improvement of memory was observed in the group of patients who used the biologically active food additives with omega-3 for children from 7 years old, as compared to the control group. A decrease in signs of asthenia, and improvement of the tear film state was observed in the group of patients who used multivitamins for children — chew strips with raspberry flavour.