bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Public Consultation as Manifestation of Civil Participation in Local Social Life. An example of Katowice/ Konsultacje społeczne jako przejaw obywatelskiej partycypacji w lokalnym życiu publicznym na przykładzie miasta Katowice
Authors: Kubas Sebastian 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPublic consultation, as one of direct democracy form, is the subject of the article. This problem is presented regarding theoretical, law and practical basis. As theory, I underlined the most important direct democracy qualities and then linked this form of democracy with local government. This is how I tried to understand public consultation as one of direct democracy form. As law, I analysed Polish municipal law and then local Katowice law regarding public consultation. As praxis, public consultation was presented as a tool used by the local authorities to communicate local society and the level of local society interest in taking part in public consultation
On the Directly and Subdirectly Irreducible Many-Sorted Algebras
Authors: Climent Vidal J. , Soliveres Tur J. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
A theorem of single-sorted universal algebra asserts that every finite algebra can be represented as a product of a finite family of finite directly irreducible algebras. In this article, we show that the many-sorted counterpart of the above theorem is also true, but under the condition of requiring, in the definition of directly reducible many-sorted algebra, that the supports of the factors should be included in the support of the many-sorted algebra. Moreover, we show that the theorem of Birkhoff, according to which every single-sorted algebra is isomorphic to a subdirect product of subdirectly irreducible algebras, is also true in the field of many-sorted algebras.
Clinical prospects of IGF-signaling system components study in ovarian cancer patients
Authors: Gershtein Elena , Kushlinskii Nikolay 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Among various auto/paracrine growth-regulating signaling pathways an important role belongs to that of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and insulin. IGF-signaling system is actively involved in the regulation of both normal ovarian function and ovarian tumor growth. On the one hand, all members of this system are expressed in malignant ovarian epithelial cells, and the prognostic significance of this expression has been revealed for some of them in ovarian cancer patients in several studies. On the other hand, circulating IGFs/IGFBPs levels have not been undoubtedly associated with ovarian cancer risk or disease progression, but some of them can be regarded as supplementary serological ovarian cancer markers. An important route to the clinical application of IGF-signaling system studies in ovarian cancer is the growing possibility of using specific molecular targeted agents to suppress its growth-stimulating and other activities. However, the introduction of such agents to practical oncology has met serious problems, with the main difficulties resulting from the absence of reliable predictive molecular markers and metabolic side effects due to the tight connection between IGF-signaling and insulin-regulated processes. The prognostic and diagnostic values of various IGF system components and the current state of corresponding molecular targeted therapies development for ovarian cancer are reviewed.
Gene-gene interaction of μ-opioid receptor and GluR5 kainate receptor subunit is associated with smoking behavior in a Greek population: presence of a dose allele effect
Authors: Misailidis Georgios , Ragia Georgia , Ivanova Desislava D. , Tavridou Anna , Manolopoulos Vangelis G. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract

Background: Components of nicotine reward system can potentially influence smoking behavior. The μ-opioid receptor (OPRM1) binds the endogenous opioid peptide β-endorphin and mediates the reinforcing effects of nicotine, while the GluR5 kainate receptor subunit (encoded by GRIK1 gene), a binding site for known mediators of glutamate neurotransmission, potentially affects the glutaminergic system that is also indirectly implicated in the reward system.

Methods: In the present study, OPRM1 A118G and GRIK1 rs2832407C>A polymorphisms and their interactions were analyzed in 132 smoking initiators (SI) and 144 non-initiators (NI) of Greek origin, using the PCR-RFLP method.

Results: No differences were found in the genotype or allele distribution of OPRM1 A118G and GRIK1 rs2832407C>A between SI and NI. However, we found a significant interaction of OPRM1 A118G and GRIK1 rs2832407C>A genotypes associated with smoking initiation in a model adjusted for age, sex, BMI and type 2 diabetes mellitus (odds ratio=1.341, 95% CI 1.024–1.755, p=0.033). A dose effect of OPRM1 and GRIK1 variant alleles was present. Increased number of variant alleles (from 0 to 4) was associated with smoking initiation in the same adjusted model (odds ratio=1.537, 95% CI 1.030–2.293, p=0.036).

Conclusions: Smoking phenotype is a complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors. In the present study, we have shown that gene-gene interaction of components of different systems associated with nicotine reinforcing effects, such as OPRM1 and GRIK1, rather than one gene polymorphism, is associated with smoking behavior.
Fiscal Policy in European Union Countries in Time of the Economic Crisis – Attempt to Estimation
Authors: Jachowicz Agnieszka 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn this article, stability of fiscal policy and its impact on fiscal market have been analyzed. The issue appears especially important in times of the financial crisis which has affected all the European Union countries, although to a different extent. To achieve this, the author presented the aims, the tools and the aspects of financial stability to confront them with the situation that has occurred in the EU countries. To present the issue profoundly, the scientific research related to fiscal policy and its impact on financial markets were used in two opening units. In the third unit, the statistic data was cited to show the condition of the EU countries, the changes to it and the attempts aimed at improving the state of the public finance and therefore stabilizing financial markets.
Methods and Marketing Instruments of Logistic Processes
Authors: Janczewska Danuta 
Published: May 2015

AbstractKnowledge about a logistic process in SMEs can be the way to growth of competitiveness of a company by improving those processes. One of the ways can be use of marketing as a support of a logistic process. Identification of logistic activities, logistic process and management should be based on full knowledge about market and its participants. Achieving knowledge and accumulation as a resource allow increasing logistic standards such as supply process, production, storage and distribution. It can contribute to recognize possibilities of competitor´s opportunities. Using marketing methods and instruments in logistic processes can increase competitiveness of SMEs.
Stock Exchange Recommendations and Economic Realities
Authors: Pastusiak Radosław , Keller Jakub 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to present the impact of stock recommendations on the prices in the context of excessive optimism heuristic. The main goal of the conducted analysis is to show that investors on the Warsaw Stock Exchange seem to ignore the economic information that comes with the recommendation report. Also, as the analyzed recommendations are set in the specified economic conditions, authors would like to show that reports are biased with excessive optimism. The research of the structure of recommendations was issued for the biggest companies of the Polish market listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange from 2009 to 2012. The investigation showed that the ambiguity of the creation methods of analytical reports and differences in valuation of companies causes subjectivism in analysts’ assessments, which leads to heuristic effects. According to the authors, the structure of reports and their specificity shows that excessive optimism is an important factor in creation of stock exchange recommendations.
Assessment of Financial Investors’ Assets Level and Importance on Financial Market in Poland
Authors: Trippner Paweł 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe main purpose of the submitted article is the estimation of financial investors’ potential in Poland. There are four groups of collective investors on financial market in Poland like Banks, Insurance companies, Investment funds and Open Pension Funds, which have been analyzed. Their importance on financial market and especially on capital market in Poland is still rising. The dynamics of their assets value in 2009 – 2013 periods has been analyzed. Financial investors’ assets and Gross National Product in Poland ratio has been calculated. The influence of the financial crisis and post-crisis time on the investment portfolios structure has been also reviewed.
Foreign Capital in Poland During Recession
Authors: Wypych Mirosław 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe system transformation which started in the last decade of the previous century and the accompanying transition into market oriented economy have contributed to the increase of foreign investors’ interest in committing their capital in Poland. The interest grew even more after Poland joined the European Union. With limited national financial resources and great demand for the same, foreign investment has been a desirable factor supporting and accelerating economic growth.The objective of this paper is to evaluate the changes in the level and structure of foreign capital in Poland in the years 2008–2013, that is during the period of economic downturn following the global financial crisis. The point is, first of all, to find an answer to the following question: to what extent has the economic destabilisation caused by the crisis influenced the decisions of foreign investors concerning investing their capital in Poland? This allows to verify the following scientific hypothesis: during crisis stability of the financial system of the country in which parent companies have their seats is more important for foreign investors than financial security of the host country. The analysis covers total foreign capital, that is both direct and portfolio investment, as well as derivatives and credit facilities. The empirical part of the study has been based on the information published by the National Bank of Poland.
The Forms of Social Engagement of Polish Firms
Authors: Kietlińska Krystyna 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe development of the idea of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) depends mainly on the changes in international market and growing competition between countries and enterprises. These factors influence on the behavior of enterprises. This means that the goal of business action is not only profit-making but also fulfilling social needs. The goal of this paper is to present and assess social in Poland. Starting with the concept and scope of CSR, the article presents benefits from responsible business activity and implementation of this idea in Poland.The research carried out in 2012 shows that the main implementers of CSR are large firms with foreign capital. They know the idea of CSR from the experience of Western firms. The main objective is their image and to build better relations with their environment. On this background the article shows the ranking of companies participating in “Leader of Philanthropy” competition. It allowed to choose four firms as an example of good practices in social engagement. Social activity of chosen firms was addressed to:
employees,children,local community,the sick, the disabled and the poor,animals.The contacted research proves that social engagement of Polish firms is at the early stage of development. The number of firms increase, but there are mainly large companies. The main reason that the small business share in social engagement results from the limited amount of financial resources at their disposal.
Electromechanical Battery EMB Mass Minimization taking into Account its Electrical Machines Rotor Energy
Authors: Podgornovs Andrejs , Sipovichs Antons 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
In this paper the electromechanical battery (EMB) with synchronous machine is described. Theoretically, if electrical machines rotor stored energy is known, it is possible to reduce the flywheel mass of electromechanical battery. For example, the efficiency of energy recovery (kilowatt-hours out versus kilowatthours in) in nowadays appliances exceeds 95 % which is considerably better than of any electrochemical battery, such as lead-acid battery. For the rotor stored energy amount calculation, it is necessary to find all geometrical dimensions of the electrical machine. To achieve this goal the iterative calculation method was used. Electromechanical battery mass was analyzed as a discharge process rotation speed function. Taking into account the rotor stored energy, we can increase the minimum rotation speed thus reducing the electrical machine mass and increasing the flywheel mass, which provides EMB cost reduction. Additionally, the possibilities of using numerical approximation calculations of magnetization curves are discussed. Each iteration of numerical application necessary for the method for rapid calculation is essential when calculating the field problems. Nowadays there are a lot of computer added design programs for electromagnetic field calculation in different types of applications, electrical machines and apparatus. For the electromagnetic field calculation process some more commonly used magnetization curve approximation methods are described, and the machine calculation time is tested for different numbers of calculations.
Current Sensorless Control Algorithm for Single-Phase Three-Level NPC Inverter
Authors: Suzdalenko Alexander , Zakis Janis , Steiks Ingars 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The current measurement is becoming a challenging task in power converters operating at high switching frequencies, moreover traditional control system requires two control loops - first (slow) regulates DC-link voltage, second (fast) controls the shape of current, that all together results in complicated transfer function and long transition periods. The current sensorless control (CSC) allows neglecting the mentioned problems. This research for the first time presents the solution of CSC implementation in single-phase three-level neutral point clamped inverter. Mathematical equations were defined for inductor current peaks and transistor conduction time during discontinuous and continuous conduction modes, as well as major problem of current fitting between different voltage levels (consequently with different current peak-to-peak values) was solved, providing two solutions - pre-fitting and post-fitting trajectories. The verification of our theoretical assumptions and analytical equations was confirmed by the simulation analysis. Challenges of real experiments are discussed in the conclusion.
E-learning in College on the Example of Academy of Special Education
Authors: Romaniuk Miłosz W. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This article is a report on the research on the perception of e-learning conducted among students of the first year of full-time studies at the Maria Grzegorzewska Academy of Special Education in Warsaw who were participating in the information technology course. The aim of this study was to evaluate the e-learning course of Windows Live Movie Maker program intended to create movies prepared by the author and to gather the opinions of students on e-learning. The author presents the most popular model for creating e-learning courses and suggests programs in which teachers can create their training. The author acknowledges a course he created as well received by students and advocates the implementation of this method of teaching in academic education
Survey of Radio Navigation Systems
Authors: Gilski Przemysław , Stefański Jacek 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
At present, there is a growing demand for radio navigation systems, ranging from pedestrian navigation to consumer behavior analysis. These systems have been successfully used in many applications and have become very popular in recent years. In this paper we present a review of selected wireless positioning solutions operating in both indoor and outdoor environments. We describe different positioning techniques, methods, systems, as well as information processing mechanisms
Endoplasmic reticulum stress response in the roadway for the effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Authors: Mügge Fernanda L.B. , Silva Aristóbolo M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractOver the past decade, a handful of evidence has been provided that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) display effects on the homeostasis of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Their uptake into cells will eventually lead to activation or inhibition of key molecules that mediate ER stress responses, raising not only a growing interest for a pharmacological target in ER stress responses but also important questions how the ER-stress mediated effects induced by NSAIDs could be therapeutically advantageous or not. We review here the toxicity effects and therapeutic applications of NSAIDs involving the three majors ER stress arms namely PERK, IRE1, and ATF6. First, we provide brief introduction on the well-established and characterized downstream events mediated by these ER stress players, followed by presentation of the NSAIDs compounds and mode of action, and finally their effects on ER stress response. NSAIDs present promising drug agents targeting the components of ER stress in different aspects of cancer and other diseases, but a better comprehension of the mechanisms underlying their benefits and harms will certainly pave the road for several diseases’ therapy.
Does Greek Conservation Policy Effectively Protect the Cultural Landscapes? A Critical Examination of Policy’s Efficiency in Traditional Greek Settlements
Authors: Katapidi Ioanna 
Published: May 2015

The paper discusses the role of Greek conservation policies in protecting the cultural landscape with focus on traditional Greek settlements. Drawing on secondary data but also on empirical evidence the paper examines the contribution of above policies to the protection of cultural landscapes.
The first part focuses on the legislative framework, providing a critical examination regarding the way that cultural landscape is approached. The second part discusses the effects of this policy on a group of traditional settlements in central Greece, presenting the achievements and drawbacks of conservation policy as viewed by experts and residents in the area.
The most contested in Finland: Large carnivores and the Saimaa ringed seal – challenges of socio-ecological rhythms and their practical implications
Authors: Ratamäki Outi , Salmi Pekka 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This article illustrates two Finnish case studies: one about large carnivores and the other about the protection of the Saimaa ringed seal. These cases are analysed by using the concept of life-mode introduced by Thomas Højrup and rhythm analysis developed by Henry Lefebvre. The objective of the paper is to show how the connection between life-modes and spatial and temporal rhythms of humananimal interactions help to better understand the contradictions and conservation challenges of these species. The introduction of new practices, e.g. a new enterprise or conservation of an endangered species, creates arrhythmias to more traditional practices which can be very resistant to change. This resistance is because maintaining rhythms is also to uphold one’s life-modes and associated identities. Life-modes are expressed and regenerated by different practices, symbols and concepts in time and space
Hidden and Indirect (Probabilistically Estimated) Reputations - Hiper Method
Authors: Leszczyński Konrad , Zakrzewicz Maciej 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
It is a challenge to design a well balanced reputation system for an environment with millions of users. A reputation system must also represent user reputation as a value which is simple and easy to compare and will give users straightforward suggestions who to trust. Since reputation systems rely on feedbacks given by users, it is necessary to collect unbiased feedbacks
In this paper we present a controversial, yet innovative reputation system. Hidden and Indirect (Probabilistically Estimated) Reputations - HIPER Method splits user reputation into two related values: Hidden Reputation (HR) is directly calculated from a set of feedbacks, Indirect Reputation (IR) is a probabilistically estimated projection of the hidden reputation and its value is public. Such indirect connection between received feedbacks and a visible reputation value allows users to provide unbiased feedbacks without fear of retaliation.
Gastrointestinal obstruction in palliative care: a review
Authors: Mohammed Amrallah A. , Ghanem Hafez M. , El Saify Amr M. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Many symptoms are experienced by dying patients. Any symptom can be debilitating and affect the patient’s and the family’s quality of life. Symptom research is complicated, especially in patients receiving palliative care because the studies needed are methodologically challenging. Symptoms management is the essential goal in palliative care. Many people rate this as one of the most important issues whether they are at home, in a hospital or at other assisted care. Bowel obstruction is rarely an emergency, and usually evaluated by multidisciplinary teams. Tailored management is based on the underlying aetiology and pathophysiology. When several symptoms occur together, they can be interrelated and management can be complex. This article discusses the management of intestinal obstruction experienced by palliative care patients
Identitetens Etablering Og Opløsning I Stig Dalagers Romanbiografi Det Blå Lys
Authors: Cymbrykiewicz Joanna 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The article features the issue of identity building and disintegration as it appears in Stig Dalager’s biographical novel on Marie Curie, Det blå lys (The Blue Light) from 2012. It also discusses the problem of the narrator’s (and hence the author’s) presence in the text, which makes one dwell on the biography’s actual role in contemporary literary practice. The article’s stance is that biographies, including biographical novels, are typically produced with the contemporary reader and his expectations in mind. That is the reason why they focus on these issues in the protagonist’s life that may be of universal interest and not necessarily reflect the depicted person’s actual experience. As the novel communicates a postmodern view on human life, it is identity and problems with its establishment and disintegration that seem to be central for the work’s expression. In order to illustrate the process of identity building and deconstruction three key aspects in the protagonist’s life have been chosen for a closer inspection: the national, the feminine and the professional. The analysis shows that identity, as described in the novel, is a volatile and changeable phenomenon which is constantly transformed and redefined and thus can never be preserved and seen as a monolith. In order to discuss the above mentioned issues some ideas of Hayden White and Zygmunt Bauman have been used.